bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new immunochemical strategy for triple-negative breast cancer therapy
Authors: Lin Chih-Wei , Zheng Tianqing , Grande Geramie , Nanna Alex R. , Rader Christoph , Lerner Richard A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly diverse group of malignant neoplasms which tend to have poor outcomes, and the development of new targets and strategies to treat these cancers is sorely needed. Antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) therapy has been shown to be a promising targeted therapy for treating many cancers, but has only rarely been tried in patients with TNBC. A major reason the efficacy of ADC therapy in the setting of TNBC has not been more fully investigated is the lack of appropriate target molecules. In this work we were able to identify an effective TNBC target for use in immunotherapy. We were guided by our previous observation that in some breast cancer patients the protein tropomyosin receptor kinase B cell surface protein (TrkB) had become immunogenic, suggesting that it was somehow sufficiently chemically different enough (presumably by mutation) to escaped immune tolerance. We postulated that this difference might well offer a means for selective targeting by antibodies. We engineered site-specific ADCs using a dual variable domain (DVD) format which combines anti-TrkB antibody with the h38C2 catalytic antibody. This format enables rapid, one-step, and homogeneous conjugation of β-lactam-derivatized drugs. Following conjugation to β-lactam-derivatized monomethyl auristatin F, the TrkB-targeting DVD-ADCs showed potency against multiple breast cancer cell lines, including TNBC cell lines. In addition, our isolation of antibody that specifically recognized the breast cancer-associated mutant form of TrkB, but not the wild type TrkB, indicates the possibility of further refining the selectivity of anti-TrkB DVD-ADCs, which should enhance their therapeutic index. These results confirmed our supposition that TrkB is a potential target for immunotherapy for TNBC, as well as for other cancers with mutated cell surface proteins.
Automated scoring for a Tablet-based Rey Figure copy task differentiates constructional, organisational, and motor abilities
Authors: Petilli Marco A. , Daini Roberta , Saibene Francesca Lea , Rabuffetti Marco 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAccuracy in copying a figure is one of the most sensitive measures of visuo-constructional ability. However, drawing tasks also involve other cognitive and motor abilities, which may influence the final graphic produced. Nevertheless, these aspects are not taken into account in conventional scoring methodologies. In this study, we have implemented a novel Tablet-based assessment, acquiring data and information for the entire execution of the Rey Complex Figure copy task (T-RCF). This system extracts 12 indices capturing various dimensions of drawing abilities. We have also analysed the structure of relationships between these indices and provided insights into the constructs that they capture. 102 healthy adults completed the T-RCF. A subgroup of 35 participants also completed a paper-and-pencil drawing battery from which constructional, procedural, and motor measures were obtained. Principal component analysis of the T-RCF indices was performed, identifying spatial, procedural and kinematic components as distinct dimensions of drawing execution. Accordingly, a composite score for each dimension was determined. Correlational analyses provided indications of their validity by showing that spatial, procedural, and kinematic scores were associated with constructional, organisational and motor measures of drawing, respectively. Importantly, final copy accuracy was found to be associated with all of these aspects of drawing. In conclusion, copying complex figures entails an interplay of multiple functions. T-RCF provides a unique opportunity to analyse the entire drawing process and to extract scores for three critical dimensions of drawing execution.
Enhancing and quantifying spatial homogeneity in monolayer WS2
Authors: Cao Yameng , Wood Sebastian , Richheimer Filipe , Blakesley J. , Young Robert J. , Castro Fernando A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractControlling the radiative properties of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides is key to the development of atomically thin optoelectronic devices applicable to a wide range of industries. A common problem for exfoliated materials is the inherent disorder causing spatially varying nonradiative losses and therefore inhomogeneity. Here we demonstrate a five-fold reduction in the spatial inhomogeneity in monolayer WS2, resulting in enhanced overall photoluminescence emission and quality of WS2 flakes, by using an ambient-compatible laser illumination process. We propose a method to quantify spatial uniformity using statistics of spectral photoluminescence mapping. Analysis of the dynamic spectral changes shows that the enhancement is due to a spatially sensitive reduction of the charged exciton spectral weighting. The methods presented here are based on widely adopted instrumentation. They can be easily automated, making them ideal candidates for quality assessment of transition metal dichalcogenide materials, both in the laboratory and industrial environments.
AST to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI) is an easy-to-use predictor score for cardiovascular risk in metabolic subjects
Authors: De Matteis Carlo , Cariello Marica , Graziano Giusi , Battaglia Stefano , Suppressa Patrizia , Piazzolla Giuseppina , Sabbà Carlo , Moschetta Antonio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractVisceral obesity is characterized by a low-grade inflammatory systemic state that contributes to the genesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), frequently associated with liver fibrosis. Non-invasive serum markers have recently emerged as reliable, easy-to-use scores to predict liver fibrosis. NAFLD is often linked to metabolic and cardiovascular risk. Thus, in this cross-sectional study, we investigated in a population of 1225 subjects if AST to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI), one of the non-invasive liver fibrosis serum markers, can predict cardiovascular risk (CVR). APRI has been previously validated as an efficient score to predict liver fibrosis in viral hepatitis patients with a cut-off of 0.5 for fibrosis and 1.5 for cirrhosis. Our study showed that APRI significantly correlates with CVR and determines, when elevated, a significant increase in CVR for both genders, especially females. This spike in CVR, observed when APRI is elevated, is relatively high in patients in the age of 51–65 years, but it is significantly higher in younger and premenopausal women, approaching risk values usually typical of men at the same age. Taken together, our data highlighted the role of APRI as a reliable predictor easy-to-use score for CVR in metabolic patients.
Impact of heat stress on embryonic development during first 16 days of gestation in dairy cows
Authors: Kasimanickam Ramanathan , Kasimanickam Vanmathy 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjective was to elucidate the effects of heat stress (HS) on embryo development during first 16 gestational days (GD) and circulating hormone concentrations on GD-16 in lactating Holstein cows. Cows in HS and control (CON) groups were exposed to temperature humidity index (THI) of ≥ 73 and < 73, respectively, for 3 weeks before the experiment. GD-7 (67 vs 49%) and GD-16 (52 vs. 31%) conception rates following single insemination were greater (P < 0.01) for CON compared with HS cows. Control cows produced more GD-7 transferrable embryos following superovulation compared with HS cows (84.8 vs 53.1%; P < 0.001). Mean (± SEM) length (45.2 ± 10.6 vs. 59.2 ± 9.1 mm) and weight (31.4 ± 4.3 vs. 42.4 ± 6.2 mg) of GD-16 conceptus were greater for CON compared with HS cows (P < 0.05). Control cows yielded more filamentous conceptus (≥ 25 mm) compared with HS cows (71 vs 45%; P < 0.05). Progesterone (2.09-fold) was higher, and cortisol (1.86-fold), prolactin (1.60-fold), substance-P (1.55-fold), Isoprostane-8 (1.34-fold) and prostaglandin F metabolites (1.97-fold) were lower in CON compared with HS cows (P < 0.05). Progesterone positively, and substance-P, isoprostane-8 and the THI negatively were associated with GD-16 conceptus length (P < 0.05). In conclusion, altered hormones concentrations in heat-stressed cows plausibly resulted in lower GD-7 and GD-16 conception rates, fewer GD-7 transferable embryos, and stunted GD-16 conceptus elongation.
Range of motion of resistance exercise affects the number of performed repetitions but not a time under tension
Authors: Krzysztofik Michał , Matykiewicz Patryk , Filip-Stachnik Aleksandra , Humińska-Lisowska Kinga , Rzeszutko-Bełzowska Agata , Wilk Michał 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe resistance training volume along with the exercise range of motion has a significant impact on the training outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to examine differences in training volume assessed by a number of performed repetitions, time under tension, and load–displacement as well as peak barbell velocity between the cambered and standard barbell bench press training session. The participants performed 3 sets to muscular failure of bench press exercise with the cambered or standard barbell at 50% of one-repetition maximum (1RM). Eighteen healthy men volunteered for the study (age = 25 ± 2 years; body mass = 92.1 ± 9.9 kg; experience in resistance training 7.3 ± 2.1 years; standard and cambered barbell bench press 1RM > 120% body mass). The t-test indicated a significantly higher mean range of motion for the cambered barbell in comparison to the standard (p < 0.0001; ES =  −2.24). Moreover, there was a significantly greater number of performed repetitions during the standard barbell bench press than cambered barbell (p < 0.0001) in a whole training session, while no difference was found in total time under tension (p = 0.22) and total load–displacement (p = 0.913). The two-way repeated-measures ANOVA indicated a significant barbell × set interaction effect for peak velocity (p = 0.01) and a number of repetitions (p = 0.015). The post-hoc analysis showed a significantly higher number of repetitions for standard than cambered barbell bench press in set 1 (p < 0.0001), set 3 (p < 0.0001) but not in set 2 (p = 0.066). Moreover, there was a significantly higher peak velocity during the cambered than standard barbell bench press in set 1 (p < 0.0001), and set 2 (p = 0.049), but not in set 3 (p = 0.063). No significant differences between corresponding sets of the standard and cambered barbell bench press in time under tension and load–displacement were found. However, concentric time under tension was significantly higher during cambered barbell bench press in all sets (p < 0.05) when compared to the standard barbell bench press, while eccentric time under tension was significantly lower during the cambered than standard barbell bench presses only in the set 3 (p = 0.001). In summary, this study briefly showed that measuring training volume by the number of performed repetitions is not reliable when different exercise range of motion is used.
Retrospective study of glycemic variability, BMI, and blood pressure in diabetes patients in the Digital Twin Precision Treatment Program
Authors: Shamanna Paramesh , Dharmalingam Mala , Sahay Rakesh , Mohammed Jahangir , Mohamed Maluk , Poon Terrence , Kleinman Nathan , Thajudeen Mohamed 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe objective of this retrospective observational cohort study was to measure glycemic variability and reductions in body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), and use of antihypertensive medications in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients participating in the digital twin-enabled Twin Precision Treatment (TPT) Program. Study participants included 19 females and 45 males with T2D who chose to participate in the TPT Program and adhered to program protocols. Nine additional enrollees were excluded due to major program non-adherence. Enrollees were required to have adequate hepatic and renal function, no myocardial infarction, stroke, or angina ≤ 90 days before enrollment, and no history of ketoacidosis or major psychiatric disorders. The TPT program uses Digital Twin technology, machine learning algorithms, and precision nutrition to aid treatment of patients with T2D. Each study participant had ≥ 3 months of follow-up. Outcome measures included glucose percentage coefficient of variation (%CV), low blood glucose index (LBGI), high blood glucose index (HBGI), systolic and diastolic BP, number of antihypertensive medications, and BMI. Sixty-four patients participated in the program. Mean (± standard deviation) %CV, LBGI, and HBGI values were low (17.34 ± 4.35, 1.37 ± 1.37, and 2.13 ± 2.79, respectively) throughout the 90-day program. BMI decreased from 29.23 ± 5.83 at baseline to 27.43 ± 5.25 kg/m2. Systolic BP fell from 134.72 ± 17.73 to 124.58 ± 11.62 mm Hg. Diastolic BP decreased from 83.95 ± 10.20 to 80.33 ± 7.04 mm Hg. The percent of patients taking antihypertensive medications decreased from 35.9% at baseline to 4.7% at 90 days. During 90 days of the TPT Program, patients achieved low glycemic variability and significant reductions in BMI and BP. Antihypertensive medication use was eliminated in nearly all patients. Future research will focus on randomized case–control comparisons.
Understanding of remora's “hitchhiking” behaviour from a hydrodynamic point of view
Authors: Xu Yunxin , Shi Weichao , Arredondo-Galeana Abel , Mei Lei , Demirel Yigit Kemal 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSymbiotic relationships have developed through natural evolution. For example, that of the remora fish attached to the body of a shark. From the remora’s perspective, this could be associated to an increased hydrodynamic efficiency in swimming and this needs to be investigated. To understand the remora's swimming strategy in the attachment state, a systematic study has been conducted using the commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software, STAR-CCM + to analyse and compare the resistance characteristics of the remora in attached swimming conditions. Two fundamental questions are addressed: what is the effect of the developed boundary layer flow and the effect of the adverse pressure gradient on the remora’s hydrodynamic characteristics? According to the results, the resistance of the remora can generally be halved when attached. Besides, the results have also demonstrated that the drag reduction rate increases with the developed boundary layer thickness and can be estimated using the boundary layer thickness ratio and velocity deficit. The paper demonstrates that the most frequent attachment locations are also the areas that provide the maximum drag reduction rate.
Surface microstructures developed on polished quartz crystals embedded in wet quartz sand compacted under hydrothermal conditions
Authors: Schutjens Peter M. , Spiers Christopher J. , Rik Niemeijer André 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntergranular pressure solution plays a key role as a deformation mechanism during diagenesis and in fault sealing and healing. Here, we present microstructural observations following experiments conducted on quartz aggregates under conditions known to favor pressure solution. We conducted two long term experiments in which a quartz crystal with polished faces of known crystallographic orientation was embedded in a matrix of randomly oriented quartz sand grains. For about two months an effective axial stress of 15 MPa was applied in one experiment, and an effective confining pressure of 28 MPa in the second. Loading occurred at 350 °C in the presence of a silica-saturated aqueous solution. In the first experiment, quartz sand grains in contact with polished quartz prism ($$\overline10{1 }0$$

1
¯

010

) faces became ubiquitously truncated against these faces, without indenting or pitting them. By contrast, numerous sand-grain-shaped pits formed in polished pyramidal ($$17\overline{6 }3$$

17

6
¯

3

) and ($$\overline{4 }134$$

4
¯

134

) crystal faces in the second experiment. In addition, four-leaved and (in some cases) three-leafed clover-shaped zones of precipitation formed on these prism faces, in a consistent orientation and pattern around individual pits. The microstructures observed in both experiments were interpreted as evidence for the operation of intergranular pressure solution. The dependence of the observed indentation/truncation microstructures on crystal face orientation can be explained by crystallographic control of stress-induced quartz dissolution kinetics, in line with previously published experimental and petrographic data, or possibly by an effect of contact orientation on the stress-induced driving force for pressure solution. This should be investigated in future experiments, providing data and microstructures which enable further mechanism-based analysis of deformation by pressure solution and the effect of crystallographic control on its kinetics in quartz-rich sands and sandstones.
Kinetics and seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies: a comparison of 3 different assays
Authors: Kahre Elisabeth , Galow Lukas , Unrath Manja , Haag Luise , Blankenburg Judith , Dalpke Alexander H. , Lück Christian , Berner Reinhard , Armann Jakob P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractComparing seroprevalence and antibody kinetics in three different commercially available assays for SARS-CoV-2. Serostatus of COVID-19 patients was analyzed 5 months and 10 months after their infection, using three different assays: Diasorin LIAISON, Euroimmun, Abbott Diagnostics ARCHITECT. Seropositivity at baseline differed significantly depending on the assay (Diasorin 81%, Euroimmun 83%, Abbott 59%). At follow-up antibody levels detected in the Diasorin assay were stable, while there was a significant loss in seropositivity in the Euroimmun and Abbott assays. There are significant differences in SARS-CoV-2 antibody kinetics based on the specific assay used.
Astronauts well-being and possibly anti-aging improved during long-duration spaceflight
Authors: Otsuka Kuniaki , Cornelissen Germaine , Furukawa Satoshi , Kubo Yutaka , Shibata Koichi , Mizuno Koh , Ohshima Hiroshi , Mukai Chiaki 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study assesses how circadian rhythms of heart rate (HR), HR variability (HRV) and activity change during long-term missions in space and how they relate to sleep quality. Ambulatory 48-h ECG and 96-h actigraphy were performed four times on ten healthy astronauts (44.7 ± 6.9 years; 9 men): 120.4 ± 43.7 days (Before) launch; 21.1 ± 2.5 days (ISS01) and 143.0 ± 27.1 days (ISS02) after launch; and 86.6 ± 40.6 days (After) return to Earth. Sleep quality was determined by sleep-related changes in activity, RR-intervals, HRV HF- and VLF-components and LF-band. The circadian amplitude of HR (HR-A) was larger in space (ISS01: 12.54, P = 0.0099; ISS02: 12.77, P = 0.0364) than on Earth (Before: 10.90; After: 10.55 bpm). Sleep duration in space (ISS01/ISS02) increased in 3 (Group A, from 370.7 to 388.0/413.0 min) and decreased in 7 (Group B, from 454.0 to 408.9/381.6 min) astronauts. Sleep quality improved in Group B from 7.07 to 8.36 (ISS01) and 9.36 (ISS02, P = 0.0001). Sleep-related parasympathetic activity increased from 55.2% to 74.8% (pNN50, P = 0.0010) (ISS02). HR-A correlated with the 24-h (r = 0.8110, P = 0.0044), 12-h (r = 0.6963, P = 0.0253), and 48-h (r = 0.6921, P = 0.0266) amplitudes of the magnetic declination index. These findings suggest associations of mission duration with increased well-being and anti-aging benefitting from magnetic fluctuations.
The change of gut microbiota in MDD patients under SSRIs treatment
Authors: Shen Yang , Yang Xiao , Li Gaofei , Gao Jiayu , Liang Ying 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe alterations in the gut microbiota have been reported to be correlated with the development of depression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of intestinal microbiota in depressed patients after antidepressant treatment. We recruited 30 MDD patients (MDD group) and 30 healthy controls (control group). The MDD group received individualized treatment with escitalopram at a maximum dose of 20 mg/day. After depressive symptoms improved to a HAMD scale score > 50%, a fecal sample was collected again and used as the follow-up group. The differences of gut microbiota between patients and controls, the characteristics of gut microbiota under treatment and the potential differences in metabolic functions were thus investigated. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was significantly different within three groups, and the ratio of follow-up group was significantly lower than those of the other two groups. Alpha diversity was significantly higher in MDD group than those of the other groups, and the alpha diversity was not significantly different between control and follow-up groups. The beta diversity of some patients resembled participants in the control group. The metabolic function of gut microbiota after treatment was still different from that of the control group. This study suggests that the intestinal flora of depressed patients has a tendency to return to normal under escitalopram treatment.
Impact of repeated nasal sampling on detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Levy Joshua M. , Frediani Jennifer K. , Tyburski Erika A. , Wood Anna , Figueroa Janet , Kempker Russell R. , Rebolledo Paulina A. , Gonzalez Mark D. , Sullivan Julie , Vos Miriam B. , O’Neal Jared , Martin Greg S. , Lam Wilbur A. , Waggoner Jesse J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe impact of repeated sample collection on COVID-19 test performance is unknown. The FDA and CDC currently recommend the primary collection of diagnostic samples to minimize the perceived risk of false-negative findings. We therefore evaluated the association between repeated sample collection and test performance among 325 symptomatic patients undergoing COVID-19 testing in Atlanta, GA. High concordance was found between consecutively collected mid-turbinate samples with both molecular (n = 74, 100% concordance) and antigen-based (n = 147, 97% concordance, kappa = 0.95, CI = 0.88–1.00) diagnostic assays. Repeated sample collection does not decrease COVID-19 test performance, demonstrating that multiple samples can be collected for assay validation and clinical diagnosis.
Oxygen vacancies boosted the electrochemical kinetics of Nb2O5−x for superior lithium storage
Authors: Li Sheng , Cui Yingxue , Kang Rong , Zou Bobo , Ng Dickon H. L. , El-Khodary Sherif A. , Liu Xianhu , Qiu Jingxia , Lian Jiabiao , Li Huaming 
Published: July 2021

The introduction of oxygen vacancies into Nb2O5 can provide more sites for lithium storage and boost electron/ion transport kinetics. Consequently, the Nb2O5−x exhibits high lithium storage capacity, superior rate capability, and cycling stability.