bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the effectiveness of prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission
Authors: Khamidulina R M , Katyagina M G , Zolotova I S , Ziganshina L E 
Published: April 2021

Aim. To analyze the outcomes of a set of interventions to prevent vertical transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the Republic of Mari El.
Methods. A retrospective analysis of temporary registration forms Notifications of the termination of pregnancy in an HIV-infected woman and Notifications of a newborn born by an HIV-infected mother, case histories and outpatient medical records of HIV-infected women who gave birth in 20002018 was carried out. The study included all children born in the Republic of Mari El to HIV-positive women registered with the Republican Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases, as well as children whose HIV status is detected after birth as a result of epidemiological investigations. The assessment of the risks of transmission as an outcome of the three-step preventive interventions has been carried out. A comparative analysis of the results of perinatal prevention of HIV transmission in the Republic of Mari El and other regions of the Russian Federation was performed.
Results. A total of 299 HIV-infected pregnant women and 368 children born to these women during the study period were registered in the region; 63 (21.7%) of these women had more than one child. Over the entire study period, 18 (4.8%) children with confirmed HIV infection were registered. The most common factor associated with infant HIV infection is late maternal HIV diagnosis: (1) several years after childbirth in the absence of antiretroviral (ARV) prophylaxis and the infants were breastfeeding (11 cases, 64.7%); (2) during or shortly after childbirth, when the patient did not receive entire three-step antiretroviral prophylaxis during pregnancy and childbirth (6 cases, 29.4%); (3) in the third trimester of pregnancy (1 case, 5.5%). An important limitation for the successful prevention of vertical transmission of HIV was the lack of routine HIV testing, which is required by women and their partners before and at various stages during pregnancy. A single case of self-infection indicates the need to introduce preventive measures from early adolescence among children.
Conclusion. Due to the late maternal HIV diagnosis, during or after delivery, HIV transmission events occurred either with limited or no limited antiretroviral prophylaxis.
Tsunami Efficiency Due to Very Slow Earthquakes
Authors: Riquelme Sebastián , Fuentes Mauricio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOften, tsunami “sources” have been treated as a quasistatic problem. Initial studies have demonstrated that, for earthquake rupture velocities in the span of 1.5–3  km/s, the kinematic and static part of the tsunami can be treated separately. However, very slow earthquake rupture velocities in the span of 0.1–1  km/s have not been included in tsunami analytical or numerical modeling. Here, we calculated the tsunami efficiency, extending Kajiura’s definition for different models. We demonstrated that rupture velocity cannot be neglected for very slow events, that is, rupture velocities slower than 0.5  km/s. We also examined the relation of magnitude, earthquake rupture velocity, and tsunami amplitude to the efficiency of very slow tsunamigenic earthquakes. Hypothetical megathrust earthquakes (Mw&gt;8.5) with very slow rupture velocities amplify energy from 10 to 60 times larger than moderate to large earthquakes (7.0&lt;Mw&lt;8.5) in the direction of rupture propagation.
Una Cuestión de Vida o Muerte / El dilema de Amelia Larguía de Crouzeille
Authors: Pauli de García Gabriela 
Published: April 2021

La correspondencia entre Amalia Larguía y el Obispo de la diócesis de Santa Fe, Mons. Boneo, junto con algunos otros papeles referidos al tema, constituyen las fuentes de esta indagación que se inscribe en el marco del estudio de las representaciones sociales de la sociedad santafesina de principios de siglo XX.
En este caso, el asunto que nos ocupa es la muerte del esposo de la dama en dudosas circunstancias, y los esfuerzos de Doña Amalia por asegurarle una buena muerte a su cónyuge.
Gubernamentalidad, populismo penal y prácticas punitivas en Argentina
Authors: Beltrame Florencia 
Published: April 2021

El presente artículo abordará las características que asume el punitivismo actual, particularmente en Argentina y la implementación de medidas, estrategias y discursos políticos que canalizan la nueva penalidad neoliberal a partir de una mirada desde el concepto de gubernamentalidad. Esta nueva penalidad tiene condición de posibilidad a través de la nueva oleada de neoliberalismo en la región, que se caracteriza entre otras cosas por el refuerzo de modelos de exclusión social, políticas regresivas y una regresión en materia de derechos humanos y sociales.
EFFICIENCY OF THE LARGE-SCALE AGRI-INDUSTRIAL ENTITIES IN UKRAINE
Authors: Demianenko S. , Sahaidak M. , Sas O. , Avramenko T. , Levkivskyi Y. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The analysis of activities of large-scale agri-industrial entities (LAEs) or so called «agriholdings» in Ukraine has shown their advantages in comparison with other types of farming. Their main advantage is a real agri-industrial integration including farming, processing, trading of foods, often with own trade mark, and export activity. Also, LAEs have possibilities to attract cheap financial resources from affiliated or own banks in Ukraine and abroad. As a result, they implement modern technologies in farming and processing, produce high quality foods and have good competitive positions on agricultural and food markets in Ukraine and abroad. In the LAE exist a transfer pricing that minimize the external intermediaries, taxes and increases income. It is why the most LAE pay a higher rent for the land, salary to the workers and have higher efficiency in comparison with other form of agricultural enterprises. Real agri-industrial integration in LAE is significantly different from such integration in other agricultural entities that have small processing plants without deep reworking of agricultural row materials. LAEs provides large-scale of agricultural and processing production and have possibilities to use its advantages in form of receiving of effect of scale. The large-scale production allow them to use high productive machinery and modern technologies and thanks to this significantly increase productivity of resources, decrease costs per unit of products and, as a result, increase the efficiency of production. The narrow segment of LAEs activity is qualified personal in framework of modern agricultural and processing technologies. Existing human capital in the rural area does not meet necessary requirements because the part of active population is sharply decreasing, there are no enough qualified specialists. It should be mentioned, that problem with hiring of top managers, due to large scale and complex tasks, is one of the most actual. It is why LAE forced them self to prepare such specialists. The efficiency of eight LAEs has been evaluated. To carry out the analysis of the LAEs efficiency depending on their scale, a simulation model was developed based on the calculated correlation-regression model according to the actual data. It was determined that the dependence between the efficiency and scale of the LAEs exist at a low level. Noted that the highest level of the efficiency of functioning of the «large» LAEs is a result of the more compact layout of the production facilities and better management.
Keywords: large-scale agri-industrial entities, agriholdings, land bank, cultivated land, agri-industrial integration, technologies, efficiency.
Formulas: 3; fig.: 5; tabl.: 3; bibl.: 24.
INVESTMENT COOPERATION AND PRODUCTION COOPERATION OF UKRAINE AND THE EU
Authors: Fomichenko I. , Myronenko Ye. , Shashko V. , Bolotina Ye. , Stashkevych І. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The aim of the article is to study the investment cooperation and production cooperation of Ukraine with the countries of the European Union in the context of global integration processes. In the process of research the following general scientific and applied research methods were used: analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction — in the process of choosing environmental factors that affect the investment activity of machine-building enterprises; systematization and generalization — in the process of conducting export-import operations of Ukraine with EU countries; monographic methods — for in-depth study of the tasks; abstract-logical methods — for theoretical generalization of research results and formulation of conclusions and proposals. An approach to the analysis of investment cooperation and production cooperation of Ukraine and the EU in the context of global integration processes based on the use of PEST-analysis of external factors affecting the activities of machine-building enterprises and SWOT-analysis of competitive advantages of machine-building enterprises of Ukraine, which identifies strengths and weaknesses of the internal environment in relation to the opportunities and threats of the external environment and to suggest potential directions for the development of their foreign economic activity in the context of European integration. The practical significance lies in the development of proposals to minimize the negative impact of external factors of enterprises, including reorientation to the production of high-tech and innovative products, changes in tax policy, public administration, as well as accelerating the modernization of fixed assets, stimulating innovation and promoting high-tech products, which will increase the level of competitiveness of machine-building enterprises, both domestically and in the foreign market. Originality lies in substantiating the structural elements of the approach to the analysis of investment cooperation and production cooperation between Ukraine and the EU in the context of global integration processes, which determine ways to minimize the negative impact of factors on the competitiveness of machine-building enterprises ensuring the re-equipment of many high-tech science-intensive industries.
Keywords: investments, foreign economic balance, export, import, SWOT analysis, PEST analysis
Formulas: 0; fig.: 0; tabl.: 3; bibl.: 19.
El rastro de la moda
Authors: Moscoso Barcia Yanina M. 
Published: April 2021

Se propone un recorrido que comienza con la obtención de las materias primas, pero que no finaliza en el producto terminado, sino que se diversifica en muchas otras rutas vinculadas, cada una de ellas orientadas a distribuir, mostrar, promocionar, publicitar; es decir, permitir la llegada a cada uno de los posibles consumidores, ofreciéndoles mucho más que el producto en sí. Desde sus orígenes, la moda propone y produce conductas y cambios en las sociedades, en muchos casos, dichos cambios, han logrado mantenerse de forma permanente, aunque la moda que los impulsó desapareciera.
De todos modos, se puede afirmar que la moda, como fenómeno social efímero, no desaparece completamente, sino que produce una huella permanente; un rastro que se puede recorrer, un rastro que funciona como testigo y permite identificar patrones, para evaluar y proponer acciones con el fin de minimizar y desacelerar el impacto de la producción de artículos de moda a gran escala, crear nuevos hábitos y sostenerlos en el tiempo.
Severe brain trauma to the fetus in a car accident: Literature review and a clinical case
Authors: Vostrikov N. A. , Ponomareva I. V. , Cheremisinov O. V. , Sherman M. A. 
Published: April 2021

Car accidents are the main cause of trauma during pregnancy. Even a non-severe accident is associated with a high risk of injury and unfavorable outcome for the fetus, especially in the event of placental abruption. Major agents leading to a trauma could also include safety belt and safety airbags. Blunt abdominal trauma during a car accident is associated with such type of intrauterine injury as fetal skull fractures and various intracranial hemorrhages. Despite a common viewpoint on relatively high death rates in this population, it is not infrequent that fetal trauma has a favorable outcome without any clinically significant neurological deficiency.The paper presents an analysis of the main outcomes of intrauterine brain injury and associated factors. As an illustration, we describe a case of a car accident related brain injury to a fetus at 38 week of gestation, with skull fracture, brain contusion, and subarachnoidal, epidural and subdural, parenchymal and intraventricular hemorrhages induced by the safety belt, with the mother being virtually uninjured. After treatment, the patient was discharged from the hospital in a satisfactory state, without clinically significant neurological symptoms and signs. A 8-months follow-up of the infant showed some delay in brain maturation manifesting as benign epileptiform discharges of childhood and magnetic resonance imaging patterns.It is highly likely, that the leading factors ensuring a favorable outcome of a intrauterine severe brain trauma (without fatal trauma to the mother and fetus) are as follows: correct obstetric strategy, late gestational age and absence of a massive parenchymal and/or intraventricular bleeding. After the short-term clinical recovery from a severe intrauterine brain trauma and in addition to it, proper follow-up of the child is essential because of a high risk of long-term cerebral and functional abnormalities, mostly paroxysmal, behavioral and cognitive.
Inhibitory Effect of Aqueous Extracts of Tree-legumes on Germination and Seedling Growth of Food Legume, Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.)
Authors: Mariyappillai Anbarasu , Pillai Swaminathan Chitraputhira 
Published: April 2021

Background: Green gram (Vigna radiata), the third most important pulse crop, is grown in tank-fed, command areas after the harvest of paddy. In such areas, legume trees like Delonix regia and Peltophorum pterocarpum are commonly found and tree parts often fell in watercourses and were flown to crop fields along with irrigation water. Hence, it is necessary to study whether any allelopathic effect is present in these parts of trees which may affect the growth and development of green gram grown in farmland crops. Methods: Collected different tree parts viz., bark, leaf and fresh flower, a matured pod of Delonix regia and Peltophorum pterocarpum, cleaned and soaked distilled water at weight/volume ratio of 1:10 for 24 hrs. Aqueous extracts were filtered and tested for inhibition of green gram. Pot culture experiments were conducted with 10 treatments and four replications. Germination (%), shoot length (cm), root length (cm), fresh weight (mg), dry weight (mg), seedling vigour index-I and vigour index-II in green gram were recorded and the magnitude of inhibition versus simulation in bioassay was compared through response index. Result: Among the plant parts, Delonix regia flower and Peltophorum pterocarpum matured pods suppressed germination (45.00 and 60.00%), shoot length (13.87 and 13.39 cm), root length (4.27 and 10.49 cm), seedling vigour index-I (624.15 and 803.40) and seedling vigour index-II (960.75 and 948.00) respectively in green gram. This might due to presence of inhibitory chemicals in flowers of Delonix regia and matured pods of Peltophorum pterocarpum compared to other plant parts of trees.
Les polymères de mannose en production animale. 1. focus sur les structures chimiques rencontrées dans les aliments et les propriétés biologiques
Authors: CHATEIGNER-BOUTIN Anne-Laure , SAULNIER Luc , LESSIRE Michel , WACRENIER Nathaële , ALLEMAN Fabien 
Published: April 2021

Les polysaccharides à base de mannose sont très largement répandus dans le monde vivant. D’un organisme à un autre, la longueur du squelette de mannose, le type de liaison entre les sucres, la composition et la longueur des ramifications sont extrêmement variables et confèrent à ces polymères des propriétés fonctionnelles et biologiques différentes. Au-delà de leur rôle structural ou encore de capteur de molécules d’eau dans les plantes, ils participent en particulier à la glycosylation des protéines et sont clairement impliqués dans les phénomènes d’interaction ligand-récepteur. Certains polymères de mannose viraux ou bactériens hautement conservés sont ainsi, chez les animaux supérieurs, reconnus très rapidement par l’hôte qui se défend en initiant une réponse non spécifique, dite « réaction immunitaire innée ». Plutôt reliées par les liaisons α chez les virus, les bactéries et les levures, les unités de mannose sont reliées par des liaisons β chez les végétaux supérieurs. Les β-mannanes sont présents dans tous les produits d’origine végétale, et à des teneurs particulièrement élevées dans certaines familles (palme, guar, coprah) et certains tourteaux utilisés en alimentation animale. Leurs propriétés anti-nutritionnelles observées chez les porcs et les volailles s’expliqueraient principalement par l’apparition d’inflammation intestinale induisant des baisses de performances, des baisses d’efficacité alimentaire et une augmentation des dépenses énergétiques associées à la mise en œuvre du système immunitaire.
Les polymères de mannose en production animale. 2. Les enzymes de dégradation des mannanes dans l’alimentation des porcs et des volailles
Authors: BONNIN Estelle , LESSIRE Michel , WACRENIER Nathaële , ALLEMAN Fabien 
Published: April 2021

Les enzymes capables de dégrader les mannanes appartiennent à plusieurs familles d’hydrolases qui se distinguent par les sites de coupure sur ces polysaccharides. La plus connue est de loin la « β-mannanase », seule autorisée en alimentation animale en Europe et qui est spécifique des liaisons β-(1,4) entre deux mannoses. Si on ne se limite pas aux seules enzymes aujourd’hui homologuées pour l’alimentation animale, les mannosidases, les β-glucosidases, les α-galactosidases, et les mannane acétyl-estérases peuvent participer, seules ou en association, à l’hydrolyse des polymères de mannose. L’ajout d’une β-mannanase dans les aliments des volailles et des porcs permet de réduire en grande partie les effets antinutritionnels, en particulier inflammatoires, des β-mannanes. L’épargne de nutriments qui en résulte peut alors être directement valorisée en formulation en déconcentrant l’énergie du régime. Au-delà de l’économie réalisée sur le coût de l’aliment, des améliorations de la performance (indice de consommation en particulier) et de la santé digestive sont très souvent observées.
pH-Based Control of the Kinetics and Process Safety of the Highly Exothermic Reaction Between Ammonium Chloride and Sodium Nitrite for Flow-Assurance Applications
Authors: Bispo Felipe J. S. , Kartnaller Vinicius , Cajaiba João 
Published: April 2021

Summary
The highly exothermic reaction between ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and sodium nitrite (NaNO2) has an important application in the area of flow assurance. Because of the high heat generation, this reaction has been used as a heat source for the fluidization of low-melting-point deposits formed during oil and gas production. Because this reaction is strongly pH dependent, the incorrect choice of pH can result in an uncontrollable temperature increase caused by the system’s inability to dissipate the large amount of heat generated in a short time, causing accidents such as structural damage and explosions. Thus, the aim of this work was to study a method that involved adjusting the pH over time to ensure controlled heat generation, with high calorimetric conversion, and avoid the development of a thermal-runaway reaction (pH-based control of the kinetics and process safety). The kinetics and thermodynamics of this reaction were studied using heat-flow reaction calorimetry and attenuated total reflection (ATR)-Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Following a semiempirical approach, calorimetric and spectroscopic data were fitted to a kinetic equation using nitrite, ammonium (NH4+), and hydronium concentrations. The molar enthalpy calculated was –322.92 kJ/mol, and the Arrhenius parameters were determined as the frequency factor [ln(A)] = 22.21 and the apparent activation energy (Ea) = 63.40  kJ/mol. The kinetic model constructed made it possible to properly evaluate the pH profile that should be maintained to control the kinetics (heat-generation rate) and process safety [time to maximum rate under adiabatic conditions (TMRAD)] of the reaction. The strategy of adjusting the pH over time ensured controlled heat generation and high calorimetric conversion, which cannot be achieved by simply adding catalyst at the beginning of the reaction, and minimized the risk of developing a runaway reaction. However, in real applications, the pH control must be made using the balance between the thermal risk (TMRAD) and the performance of the method (qr), because although it is possible to decrease the thermal risk (increase the value of TMRAD) by increasing the pH, this increase is accompanied by a decrease in the heat-generation rate. Thus, from the proper balance of these factors (qr and TMRAD), pH control can ensure adequate levels of heat production within an acceptable thermal risk.
Efficacy of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for acute respiratory failure with interstitial lung disease; a case control nationwide dataset study in Japan
Authors: Usagawa Yuko , Komiya Kosaku , Yamasue Mari , Fushimi Kiyohide , Hiramatsu Kazufumi , Kadota Jun-ichi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Since it is uncertain whether acute respiratory failure in patients with interstitial lung disease is reversible, indications for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in these patients remain controversial, except for bridging to lung transplantation. The objective of this study was to clarify in-hospital mortality and prognostic factors in interstitial lung disease patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.Methods: Case-control study. Using the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database from 2010 to 2017, we reviewed hospitalized interstitial lung disease patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. As we focused on the efficacy of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as an intervention for managing merely acute respiratory failure, patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a bridge to lung transplantation were excluded.Results: A total of 164 interstitial lung disease patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were included. In-hospital mortality of them was 74.4% (122/164). Compared with survivors, non-survivors were older and received high-dose cyclophosphamide, protease inhibitors, and antifungal drugs more frequently but macrolides and anti-influenza drugs less frequently. Multivariate analysis revealed the following factors were associated with in-hospital mortality: advanced age with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.048 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.015–1.082, non-use of macrolides (OR, 0.264; 95% CI, 0.118–0.589), and use of antifungal drugs (OR, 3.158; 95% CI, 1.377–7.242).Conclusions: Approximately three quarters of interstitial lung disease patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation died in hospital. Moreover, advanced age, non-use of macrolides, and use of antifungal drugs were found to correlate with a poor prognosis.