bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ anisotropic NiO nanostructure growth at high temperature and under water vapor
Authors: Qu Boyi , van Benthem Klaus 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAnisotropic growth of nanostructures from individual nickel nanoparticles was observed during in situ heating experiments in an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) at 800°C under water vapor atmosphere. The morphology of nanostructures exhibited one directional growth with rates ranging below 1.8 nm/s. Energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and selected area electron diffraction confirmed NiO stoichiometry of the growing nanostructures. Variations of the oxygen partial pressure during ex situ annealing and in situ ESEM heating experiments elucidate that anisotropic NiO growth is energetically favored in areas where the local surface energy density is relatively high. Growth of NiO nanostructures was absent in dry air and dry nitrogen environments and required the presence of water vapor. The results of this study suggest that the manipulation of surface energy prior to exposure to water vapor at elevated temperatures can prevent unwanted oxide nanostructure growth.
SARS‐CoV‐2 during pregnancy and associated outcomes: Results from an ongoing prospective cohort
Authors: Molenaar Nina M. , Rommel Anna‐Sophie , de Witte Lotje , Dolan Siobhan M. , Lieb Whitney , Ibroci Erona , Ohrn Sophie , Lynch Jezelle , Capuano Christina , Stadlbauer Daniel , Krammer Florian , Zapata Lauren B. , Brody Rachel I. , Pop Victor J. , Jessel Rebecca H. , Sperling Rhoda S. , Afzal Omara , Gigase Frederieke , Missall Roy , Janevic Teresa , Stone Joanne , Howell Elizabeth A. , Bergink Veerle 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic is an ongoing global health threat, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Questions remain about how SARS‐CoV‐2 impacts pregnant individuals and their children.ObjectiveTo expand our understanding of the effects of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection during pregnancy on pregnancy outcomes, regardless of symptomatology, by using serological tests to measure IgG antibody levels.MethodsThe Generation C Study is an ongoing prospective cohort study conducted at the Mount Sinai Health System. All pregnant individuals receiving obstetrical care at the Mount Sinai Healthcare System from 20 April 2020 onwards are eligible for participation. For the current analysis, we included participants who had given birth to a liveborn singleton infant on or before 22 September 2020. For each woman, we tested the latest prenatal blood sample available to establish seropositivity using a SARS‐CoV‐2 serologic enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Additionally, RT‐PCR testing was performed on a nasopharyngeal swab taken during labour. Pregnancy outcomes of interest (i.e., gestational age at delivery, preterm birth, small for gestational age, Apgar scores, maternal and neonatal intensive care unit admission, and length of neonatal hospital stay) and covariates were extracted from medical records. Excluding individuals who tested RT‐PCR positive at delivery, we conducted crude and adjusted regression models to compare antibody positive with antibody negative individuals at delivery. We stratified analyses by race/ethnicity to examine potential effect modification.ResultsThe SARS‐CoV‐2 seroprevalence based on IgG measurement was 16.4% (95% confidence interval 13.7, 19.3; n=116). Twelve individuals (1.7%) were SARS‐CoV‐2 RT‐PCR positive at delivery. Seropositive individuals were generally younger, more often Black or Hispanic, and more often had public insurance and higher pre‐pregnancy BMI compared with seronegative individuals. None of the examined pregnancy outcomes differed by seropositivity, overall or stratified by race/ethnicity.ConclusionSeropositivity for SARS‐CoV‐2 without RT‐PCR positivity at delivery (suggesting that infection occurred earlier during pregnancy) was not associated with selected adverse maternal or neonatal outcomes among live births in a cohort sample from New York City.
Inequality in early childhood chronic health conditions requiring hospitalisation: A data linkage study of health service utilisation and costs
Authors: Callander Emily J. , Bull Claudia , Lain Samantha , Wakefield Claire E. , Lingam Raghu , Marshall Glenn M. , Wake Melissa , Nassar Natasha 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe cost of socioeconomic inequality in health service use among Australian children with chronic health conditions is poorly understood.ObjectivesTo quantify the cost of socioeconomic inequality in health service use among Australian children with chronic health conditions.MethodsCohort study using a whole‐of‐population linked administrative data for all births in Queensland, Australia, between July 2015 and July 2018. Socioeconomic status was defined by an areas‐based measure, grouping children into quintiles from most disadvantaged (Q1) to least disadvantaged (Q5) based on their postcode at birth. Study outcomes included health service utilisation (inpatient, emergency department, outpatient, general practitioner, specialist, pathology and diagnostic imaging services) and healthcare costs.ResultsOf the 238,600 children included in the analysis, 10.4% had at least one chronic health condition. Children with chronic health conditions in Q1 had higher rates of inpatient (6.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.4, 6.7), emergency department (7.2, 95% CI 7.0, 7.5) and outpatient (20.3, 95% CI 19.4, 21.3) service use compared to children with chronic health conditions in Q5. They also had lower rates of general practitioner (37.5, 95% CI 36.7, 38.4), specialist (8.9, 95% CI 8.5, 9.3), pathology (10.7, 95% CI 10.2, 11.3), and diagnostic imaging (4.3, 95% CI 4.2,4.5) service use. Children with any chronic health condition in Q1 incurred lower median out‐of‐pocket fees than children in Q5 ($0 vs $741, respectively), lower median Medicare funding ($2710, vs $3408, respectively), and higher median public hospital funding ($31, 052 vs $23, 017, respectively).ConclusionsChildren of most disadvantage are more likely to access public hospital provided services, which are accessible free of charge to patients. These children are less likely to access general practitioner, specialist, pathology and diagnostic imaging services; all of which are critical to the ongoing management of chronic health conditions, but often attract an out‐of‐pocket fee.
Second-Order Semi-Parametric Inference for Multivariate Log Gaussian Cox Processes
Authors: Hessellund Kristian Bjørn , Xu Ganggang , Guan Yongtao , Waagepetersen Rasmus 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper introduces a new approach to inferring the second-order properties of a multivariate log Gaussian Cox process (LGCP) with a complex intensity function. We assume a semi-parametric model for the multivariate intensity function containing an unspecified complex factor common to all types of points. Given this model, we construct a second-order conditional composite likelihood to infer the pair correlation and cross pair correlation functions of the LGCP. Crucially this likelihood does not depend on the unspecified part of the intensity function. We also introduce a cross-validation method for model selection and an algorithm for regularized inference that can be used to obtain sparse models for cross pair correlation functions. The methodology is applied to simulated data as well as data examples from microscopy and criminology. This shows how the new approach outperforms existing alternatives where the intensity functions are estimated non-parametrically.
Fighting stigma‐based bullying in primary school children: An experimental intervention using vicarious intergroup contact and social norms
Authors: Cocco Veronica Margherita , Bisagno Elisa , Visintin Emilio Paolo , Cadamuro Alessia , Di Bernardo Gian Antonio , Trifiletti Elena , Molinari Luisa , Vezzali Loris 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this theory‐driven experimental field intervention, we used vicarious intergroup contact, a popular prejudice‐reduction strategy, to fight stigma‐based bullying. We focused on the role of peer norms, manipulated by asking participants to work individually or collectively in reinforcing activities following vicarious contact (operationalized as story reading). Participants were 346 Italian 4th‐5thgrade primary school children (48% females). Participants were allocated to a 2 (Target: outgroup vs. ingroup vicarious contact) × 2 (reinforcing activities: collective vs. individual) experimental design. Results revealed that outgroup (vs. ingroup) vicarious contact was indirectly associated with greater intentions to react to name‐calling and socially exclusionary behavior (two common forms of bullying) toward foreign children, only when participants collectively negotiated responses to reinforcing activities.
Linnebo's Abstractionism and the Bad Company Problem
Authors: Studd J. P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInThin Objects: An Abstractionist Account, Linnebo offers what he describes as a “simple and definitive” solution to the bad company problem facing abstractionist accounts of mathematics. “Bad” abstraction principles can be rendered “good” by taking abstraction to have a predicative character. But the resulting predicative axioms are too weak to recover substantial portions of mathematics. Linnebo pursues two quite different strategies to overcome this weakness in the case of set theory and arithmetic. I argue that neither infinitely iterated abstraction nor abstraction on possible specifications fully resolves the bad company problem.
The small RNA‐mediated gene silencing machinery is required in Arabidopsis for stimulation of growth, systemic disease resistance, and suppression of the nitrile‐specifier gene NSP4 by Trichoderma atroviride
Authors: Rebolledo‐Prudencio Oscar Guillermo , Estrada‐Rivera Magnolia , Dautt‐Castro Mitzuko , Arteaga‐Vazquez Mario A. , Arenas‐Huertero Catalina , Rosendo‐Vargas Maria Montserrat , Jin Hailing , Casas‐Flores Sergio 
Published: November 2021

SUMMARYTrichoderma atroviride is a root‐colonizing fungus that confers multiple benefits to plants. In plants, small RNA (sRNA)‐mediated gene silencing (sRNA‐MGS) plays pivotal roles in growth, development, and pathogen attack. Here, we explored the role of core components of Arabidopsis thaliana sRNA‐MGS pathways during its interaction with Trichoderma. Upon interaction with Trichoderma, sRNA‐MGS‐related genes paralleled the expression of Arabidopsis defense‐related genes, linked to salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) pathways. SA‐ and JA‐related genes were primed by Trichoderma in leaves after the application of the well‐known pathogen‐associated molecular patterns flg22 and chitin, respectively. Defense‐related genes were primed in roots as well, but to different extents and behaviors. Phenotypical characterization of mutants in AGO genes and components of the RNA‐dependent DNA methylation (RdDM) pathway revealed that different sets of sRNA‐MGS‐related genes are essential for (i) the induction of systemic acquired resistance against Botrytis cinerea, (ii) the activation of the expression of plant defense‐related genes, and (iii) root colonization by Trichoderma. Additionally, plant growth induced by Trichoderma depends on functional RdDM. Profiling of DNA methylation and histone N‐tail modification patterns at the Arabidopsis Nitrile‐Specifier Protein‐4 (NSP4) locus, which is responsive to Trichoderma, showed altered epigenetic modifications in RdDM mutants. Furthermore, NSP4 is required for the induction of systemic acquired resistance against Botrytis and avoidance of enhanced root colonization by Trichoderma. Together, our results indicate that RdDM is essential in Arabidopsis to establish a beneficial relationship with Trichoderma. We propose that DNA methylation and histone modifications are required for plant priming by the beneficial fungus against B. cinerea.
Chromosome‐level assembly of the Neolamarckia cadamba genome provides insights into the evolution of cadambine biosynthesis
Authors: Zhao Xiaolan , Hu Xiaodi , OuYang Kunxi , Yang Jing , Que Qingmin , Long Jianmei , Zhang Jianxia , Zhang Tong , Wang Xue , Gao Jiayu , Hu Xinquan , Yang Shuqi , Zhang Lisu , Li Shufen , Gao Wujun , Li Benping , Jiang Wenkai , Nielsen Erik , Chen Xiaoyang , Peng Changcao 
Published: November 2021

SUMMARYNeolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.), a close relative of Coffea canephora and Ophiorrhiza pumila, is an important traditional medicine in Southeast Asia. Three major glycosidic monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs), cadambine and its derivatives 3β‐isodihydrocadambine and 3β‐dihydrocadambine, accumulate in the bark and leaves, and exhibit antimalarial, antiproliferative, antioxidant, anticancer and anti‐inflammatory activities. Here, we report a chromosome‐scale N. cadamba genome, with 744.5 Mb assembled into 22 pseudochromosomes with contig N50 and scaffold N50 of 824.14 Kb and 29.20 Mb, respectively. Comparative genomic analysis of N. cadamba with Co. canephora revealed that N. cadamba underwent a relatively recent whole‐genome duplication (WGD) event after diverging from Co. canephora, which contributed to the evolution of the MIA biosynthetic pathway. We determined the key intermediates of the cadambine biosynthetic pathway and further showed that NcSTR1 catalyzed the synthesis of strictosidine in N. cadamba. A new component, epoxystrictosidine (C27H34N2O10, m/z 547.2285), was identified in the cadambine biosynthetic pathway. Combining genome‐wide association study (GWAS), population analysis, multi‐omics analysis and metabolic gene cluster prediction, this study will shed light on the evolution of MIA biosynthetic pathway genes. This N. cadamba reference sequence will accelerate the understanding of the evolutionary history of specific metabolic pathways and facilitate the development of tools for enhancing bioactive productivity by metabolic engineering in microbes or by molecular breeding in plants.
Incidental diagnosis of a spindle cell type gastrointestinal stromal tumor in a dog with ethylene glycol intoxication
Authors: Serpa Priscila B. S. , Santos Andrea P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA 6‐year‐old castrated male American Pit Bull Terrier dog was presented for evaluation of acute onset of tonic‐clonic seizures, anorexia, and vomiting. On physical examination, neurologic signs, such as generalized proprioceptive ataxia, salivation, circling to the right, and absent patellar reflexes bilaterally, were noted. A complete blood cell count revealed mild hemoconcentration and an inflammatory leukogram, while a chemistry panel showed severe azotemia, marked hypochloremia, and a severe titrational metabolic acidosis, suggesting possible ethylene glycol intoxication. However, an irregularly round, small mass was identified in the large intestine on abdominal ultrasound. Additionally, bilateral hyperechoic renal cortices with medullary rim sign were suggestive of acute nephritis or tubular necrosis. The cytologic evaluation of a fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of the abdominal mass revealed a large population of mesenchymal cells, suggesting the presence of neoplasia. Due to the worsening of symptoms, the dog was humanely euthanized. Necropsy confirmed ethylene glycol intoxication, and the incidental finding of a neoplastic intestinal mass was diagnosed as spindle cell sarcoma. Immunohistochemical staining showed strong, diffuse positivity for CD117, smooth muscle actin, and S‐100, indicating the final diagnosis of a spindle cell type gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). This report briefly discusses the classifications of nonlymphoid, nonangiogenic intestinal mesenchymal tumors, characteristics of GISTs, and the importance of the immunohistochemical classification of mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract.
Collagen and Vitamin C Supplementation Increases Lower Limb Rate of Force Development
Authors: Lis Dana M. , Jordan Matthew , Lipuma Timothy , Smith Tayler , Schaal Karine , Baar Keith 
Published: November 2021

Background: Exercise and vitamin C-enriched collagen supplementation increase collagen synthesis, potentially increasing matrix density, stiffness, and force transfer. Purpose: To determine whether vitamin C-enriched collagen (hydrolyzed collagen [HC] + C) supplementation improves rate of force development (RFD) alongside a strength training program. Methods: Using a double-blinded parallel design, over 3 weeks, healthy male athletes (n = 50, 18–25 years) were randomly assigned to the intervention (HC + C; 20 g HC + 50 mg vitamin C) or placebo (20 g maltodextrin). Supplements were ingested daily 60 min prior to training. Athletes completed the same targeted maximal muscle power training program. Maximal isometric squats, countermovement jumps, and squat jumps were performed on a force plate at the same time each testing day (baseline, Tests 1, 2, and 3) to measure RFD and maximal force development. Mixed-model analysis of variance compared performance variables across the study timeline, whereas t tests were used to compare the change between baseline and Test 3. Results: Over 3 weeks, maximal RFD in the HC + C group returned to baseline, whereas the placebo group remained depressed (p = .18). While both groups showed a decrease in RFD through Test 2, only the treatment group recovered RFD to baseline by Test 3 (p = .036). In the HC + C group, change in countermovement jumps eccentric deceleration impulse (p = .008) and eccentric deceleration RFD (p = .04) was improved. A strong trend was observed for lower limb stiffness assessed in the countermovement jumps (p = .08). No difference was observed in maximal force or squat jump parameters. Conclusion: The HC + C supplementation improved RFD in the squat and countermovement jump alongside training.
Transition from slab roll-back to slab break-off in the central Apennines, Italy: Constraints from the stratigraphic and thermochronologic record
Authors: Fellin Maria Giuditta , Jose Malwina San , Faccenna Claudio , Willett Sean D. , Cosentino Domenico , Lanari Riccardo , Gourbet Loraine , Maden Colin 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTStratigraphic and thermochronologic data are used to study the processes that shaped the topography of the central Apennines of Italy. These are part of a major, active mountain belt in the center of the Mediterranean area, where several subduction zones control a complex topography. The Apennines were shaped by contraction at the front of the accretionary wedge overlying the subducting Adria microplate followed by extension at the wedge rear in response to eastward slab roll-back. In the central Apennines, intermontane extensional basins on the western flank rise eastward toward the summit. We contribute with new data consisting of 28 (U-Th-Sm)/He and 10 fission track ages on apatites to resolve a complex pattern of thermal histories in time and space, which we interpret as reflecting the transitional state of the orogen, undergoing a two-phase evolution related to initial slab retreat, followed by slab detachment. Along the Tyrrhenian coast, we document cooling from depths ≥3–4 km occurring between 8 and 5 Ma and related to the opening of marine extensional basins. Post–5 Ma, a broader region of the central Apennines exhibits cooling from variable depths, between &lt;2 km in most areas and ≥3–4 km in the northeast, and with different onset times: at ca. 4 Ma in the west, at ca. 2.5 Ma in the center and northeast, and at ca. 1 Ma in the southeast. Between 5 and 2.5 Ma, exhumation is associated with modest topographic growth during the late stages of thrusting. Since 2.5 Ma, exhumation has concurred with the opening of intermontane basins in the west and in the east, with regional topographic growth and erosion, that we interpret to be associated with the locally detaching slab.
The influence of off-fault deformation zones on the near-fault distribution of coseismic landslides
Authors: Bloom Colin K. , Howell Andrew , Stahl Timothy , Massey Chris , Singeisen Corinne 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCoseismic landslides are observed in higher concentrations around surface-rupturing faults. This observation has been attributed to a combination of stronger ground motions and increased rock mass damage closer to faults. Past work has shown it is difficult to separate the influences of rock mass damage from strong ground motions on landslide occurrence. We measured coseismic off-fault deformation (OFD) zone widths (treating them as a proxy for areas of more intense rock mass damage) using high-resolution, three-dimensional surface displacements from the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikōura earthquake in New Zealand. OFD zones vary in width from ~50 m to 1500 m over the ~180 km length of ruptures analyzed. Using landslide densities from a database of 29,557 Kaikōura landslides, we demonstrate that our OFD zone captures a higher density of coseismic landslide incidence than generic “distance to fault rupture” within ~650 m of surface fault ruptures. This result suggests that the effects of rock mass damage within OFD zones (including ground motions from trapped and amplified seismic waves) may contribute to near-fault coseismic landslide occurrence in addition to the influence of regional ground motions, which attenuate with distance from the fault. The OFD zone represents a new path toward understanding, and planning for, the distribution of coseismic landslides around surface fault ruptures. Inclusion of estimates of fault zone width may improve landslide susceptibility models and decrease landslide risk.
Multiple polygenic scores improve bone mineral density prediction in an independent sample of Caucasian women
Authors: Xiao Xiangxue , Wu Qing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurpose of the studyTo determine if multiple Genetic Risk Scores (GRSs) improve bone mineral density (BMD) prediction over single GRS in an independent sample of Caucasian women.Study designBased on summary statistics of four genome-wide association studies related to two osteoporosis-associated traits, namely BMD and heel quantitative ultrasound derived estimated BMD (eBMD), four GRSs were derived for 1205 individuals in the Genome-Wide Scan for Female Osteoporosis Gene Study. The effect of each GRS on BMD variation was assessed using multivariable linear regression, with conventional risk factors adjusted for. Next, the eBMD-related GRS that explained the most variance in BMD was selected to be entered into a multi-score model, along with the BMD-related GRS. Elastic net regularised regression was used to develop the multiscore model, which estimated the joint effect of two GRSs (GRS_BMD and GRS_eBMD) on BMD variation, after being adjusted for conventional risk factors.ResultsWith the same clinical risk factors having been adjusted for, the model that included GRS_BMD performed best by explaining 32.53% of the variance in BMD; the single-score model that included GRS_eBMD explained 34.03% of BMD variance. The model that includes both GRS_BMD and GRS_ eBMD, as well as the clinical risk factors, aggregately explained 35.05% in BMD variation. Compared with the single GRS models, the multiscore model explained significantly more variance in BMD.ConclusionsThe multipolygenic score model explained a considerable amount of BMD variation. Compared with single score models, multipolygenic score model provided significant improvement in explaining BMD variation.