bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
#SayHerName: Black Women Physical Education Teachers of the Year
Authors: Blackshear Tara B. 
Published: August 2021

Purpose: Black women are devalued in many aspects of American culture—physical education (PE) is no exception. Platforms to celebrate Black women’s excellence in PE are scarce. Drawing on Black feminist thought and critical race theory, the purpose of this article is to describe and explain the experiences of Black women physical educators who earned PE Teacher of the Year. Participants: Two Black women share their experiences as physical educators and PE Teachers of the Year. Methods: Qualitative narrative inquiry consisting of semistructured, virtual group interviews was employed. Results: Four core themes were identified: (a) invisibility, (b) superwoman syndrome, (c) affirming role models, and (d) culturally responsive pedagogies. Discussion/Conclusion: Elevating Black women’s voices in PE requires a deconstruction of limited exposure opportunities. Normalizing Black excellence in PE acknowledges that Black women’s intersectionalities create enormous challenges yet foster students’ success. Black women physical educators benefit students and society.
Sexual dimorphism in bat wing morphology — variation among foraging styles
Authors: Maucieri D.G. , Ashbaugh A.J. , Theodor J.M. 
Published: August 2021

Sexual dimorphism can lead to differences in foraging style among conspecifics due to morphological differences. Within bats, maneuverability and speed of flight are influenced by wing shape and size, which may differ between sexes. Female bats gain about 30% of their body mass during pregnancy, affecting their agility and flight efficiency. To fill the same foraging niche as males, pregnant female bats would require wing size and (or) shape modifications to maintain maneuverability. We investigated sexual dimorphism in bat wing morphology and how it varies among foraging guilds. Wing photos of male and female adult bats (19 species) in Canada, Belize, and Dominica were analyzed using two-dimensional geometric morphometrics, wing loading, and aspect ratios. Nonpregnant female bats had higher wing loading than males, suggesting that they are less maneuverable than males. Additionally, mass increases during pregnancy may not permit female bats to forage as male conspecifics do. Wing shape differed minimally among foraging guilds with only frugivores differing significantly from all other guilds. Further studies should investigate how female bats forage during their reproductive cycle and determine how frugivore wings differ and whether there are individual differences in wing shape that are not consistent among bat species.
Charm sea effects on charmonium decay constants and heavy meson masses
Authors: Calì Salvatore , Eckert Kevin , Heitger Jochen , Knechtli Francesco , Korzec Tomasz 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe estimate the effects on the decay constants of charmonium and on heavy meson masses due to the charm quark in the sea. Our goal is to understand whether for these quantities $${N_\mathrm{f}}=2+1$$

N
f

=
2
+
1

lattice QCD simulations provide results that can be compared with experiments or whether $${N_\mathrm{f}}=2+1+1$$

N
f

=
2
+
1
+
1

QCD including the charm quark in the sea needs to be simulated. We consider two theories, $${N_\mathrm{f}}=0$$

N
f

=
0

QCD and QCD with $${N_\mathrm{f}}=2$$

N
f

=
2

charm quarks in the sea. The charm sea effects (due to two charm quarks) are estimated comparing the results obtained in these two theories, after matching them and taking the continuum limit. The absence of light quarks allows us to simulate the $${N_\mathrm{f}}=2$$

N
f

=
2

theory at lattice spacings down to 0.023 fm that are crucial for reliable continuum extrapolations. We find that sea charm quark effects are below 1% for the decay constants of charmonium. Our results show that decoupling of charm works well up to energies of about 500 MeV. We also compute the derivatives of the decay constants and meson masses with respect to the charm mass. For these quantities we again do not see a significant dynamical charm quark effect, albeit with a lower precision. For mesons made of a charm quark and a heavy antiquark, whose mass is twice that of the charm quark, sea effects are only about 1‰ in the ratio of vector to pseudoscalar masses.
Pulling the Higgs and top needles from the jet stack with feature extended supervised tagging
Authors: Aguilar-Saavedra J. A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractJet tagging has become an essential tool for new physics searches at the high-energy frontier. For jets that contain energetic charged leptons we introduce Feature Extended Supervised Tagging (FEST) which, in addition to jet substructure, considers the features of the charged lepton within the jet. With this method we build dedicated taggers to discriminate among boosted $$H \rightarrow \ell \nu q {\bar{q}}$$

H
→
ℓ
ν
q

q

¯

, $$t \rightarrow \ell \nu b$$

t
→
ℓ
ν
b

, and QCD jets (with $$\ell $$
ℓ
an electron or muon). The taggers have an impressive performance, allowing for overall light jet rejection factors of $$10^4-10^5$$

10
4

-

10
5

, for top quark/Higgs boson efficiencies of 0.5. The taggers are also excellent in the discrimination of Higgs bosons from top quarks and vice versa, for example rejecting top quarks by factors of 100–300 for Higgs boson efficiencies of 0.5. We demonstrate the potential of these taggers to improve the sensitivity to new physics by using as example a search for a new $$Z'$$

Z
′

boson decaying into ZH, in the fully-hadronic final state.
Effects of the hyperscaling violation and dynamical exponents on the imaginary potential and entropic force of heavy quarkonium via holography
Authors: Kioumarsipour M. , Sadeghi J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe imaginary potential and entropic force are two important different mechanisms to characterize the dissociation of heavy quarkonia. In this paper, we calculate these two quantities in strongly coupled theories with anisotropic Lifshitz scaling and hyperscaling violation exponent using holographic methods. We study how the results are affected by the hyperscaling violation parameter $$ \theta $$
θ
and the dynamical exponent z at finite temperature and chemical potential. Also, we investigate the effect of the chemical potential on these quantities. As a result, we find that both mechanisms show the same results: the thermal width and the dissociation length decrease as the dynamical exponent and chemical potential increase or as the hyperscaling violating parameter decreases.
On the Circumference of 3-Connected Cubic Triangle-Free Plane Graphs
Authors: Sinna Adthasit , Phanthawimol Witthawas , Singhun Sirirat 
Published: August 2021

The circumference of a graph

G

is the length of a longest cycle in

G

, denoted by

cir

G

. For any even number

n

, let

c

n

= min {

cir

G

|
G

is a 3-connected cubic triangle-free plane graph with

n

vertices}. In this paper, we show that an upper bound of

c

n

is

n
+
1
−
3
⌊

n
/

136

⌋

for

n
≥
136

.
Effect of a Drug Delivery System Made of Quercetin Formulated into PEGylation Liposomes on Cervical Carcinoma In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Li Jian , Li Zhen , Gao Yanting , Liu Shihe , Li Kun , Wang Shuai , Gao Liming , Shi Ming , Liu Zhiwei , Han Zengsheng , Qiu Yan 
Published: August 2021

Quercetin is a well-known flavonoid for its potent antitumor and antiproliferative effects on a wide range of human cancer cell lines. However, the delivery of quercetin is challenging due to its extreme insolubility in water. The intention of this study was to evaluate the antitumor effect of quercetin-loaded PEGylated liposomes (PEG-Que-NLs) in vitro and in vivo. We first prepared PEG-Que-NLs by method of thin film hydration; further determined, the optimum ratios of quercetin to Soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC), to cholesterol (CHL), and to PEG-4000 were 1 : 8, 1 : 2, and 1 : 2 (

w
/
w

), respectively, and the optimal hydration temperature was 55°C when the mean vesicle diameter and apparent Zeta potential of PEG-Que-NLs were found to be

171.3
±
10.4

nm and

−
13.1
±
2.1

mV, respectively; the encapsulation efficiency and the drug loading of PEG-Que-NLs were

81.25
±
3.12
%

and

8.5
±
0.77
%

, respectively. Drug release study in vitro showed that PEG-Que-NLs exhibited a slow-release effect without significant burst effect. Furthermore, the inhibition effect of PEG-Que-NLs on HeLa cells was considerably higher than free quercetin (free-Que) and quercetin liposomes (Que-NLs). Intravenous injection of PEG-Que-NLs into U14 bearing mouse models inhibited the cervical carcinoma growth significantly, and the tumor inhibition rate was much higher than free-Que and Que-NLs. These results of this study indicated that PEG-Que-NLs exhibited potential application prospects in the treatment of malignant tumors because of its tumor targeting, slow-release properties, and the solubility improvement of quercetin.
A spark-based parallel distributed posterior decoding algorithm for big data hidden Markov models decoding problem
Authors: Sassi Imad , Anter Samir , Bekkhoucha Abdelkrim 
Published: August 2021

<span lang="EN-US">Hidden </span><span lang="IN">M</span><span lang="EN-US">arkov models (HMMs) are one of machine learning algorithms which have been widely used and demonstrated their efficiency in many conventional applications. This paper proposes a modified posterior decoding algorithm to solve hidden Markov models decoding problem based on MapReduce paradigm and spark’s resilient distributed dataset (RDDs) concept, for large-scale data processing. The objective of this work is to improve the performances of HMM to deal with big data challenges. The proposed algorithm shows a great improvement in reducing time complexity and provides good results in terms of running time, speedup, and parallelization efficiency for a large amount of data, i.e., large states number and large sequences number.</span>
Semi-Systematic Review of the Perceived Cost of Mobile Payment in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Coffie Cephas Paa Kwasi , Zhao Hongjiang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Financial technology offers convenience, security, and affordability. In sub-Saharan Africa, mobile money is the flagship offering hypothesized to promote financial inclusion. Nonetheless, the persistent complaints from end-users about the cost associated with mobile money usage in the sub-region have gone under the radar. Therefore, using the semi-systematic review of news articles and blogs’ in direct content analysis, we explore the cost of mobile money usage in the sub-region. We examine the state of mobile charges and how it potentially reverses the original purpose of FinTech. Results indicate that governments and other stakeholders find mobile money charges to be high. The imposition of mobile money tax and the regressive structure of mobile money charges affect the poor. The effort of policymakers to reduce the cost of mobile money in the sub-region is ineffective because the FinTech market is dominated by few foreign-owned telecommunication companies. Thus, the creation and promotion of a domestic FinTech market are necessary to promote greater financial inclusion.
Assessing the Sustainability of Urban Water Supply Systems in Shillong, India
Authors: Kharmylliem Bankerlang , Kipgen Ngamjahao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This article examines urban water supply systems by using indicators such as quantity, quality, accessibility, and reliability. Shillong city is divided into numerous localities, each governed by both formal (municipal) and informal (non-municipal) institutions. This study focuses on domestic water aspects in non-municipal areas and argues that water inequity is more prominent and widespread, and the role of local institutions in water governance is greater and more significant. The article underscores the complementarity between water distribution and water governance rendered by the local institutions.
Students’ Perceptions Concerning Emergency Remote Teaching During COVID-19
Authors: Fuchs Kevin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The sudden shift from physical classroom education towards emergency remote teaching (ERT) in higher education during the unprecedented global pandemic SARS-CoV-2, or more commonly known as COVID-19, caused an abrupt change in the learning environment for students and educators alike. The disruptive overnight change to convert entire courses to emergency remote teaching caused distress for not only educators, but also students as they had little time to adapt to the new circumstances. While the embedment of technologies in the classroom is not a new concept, this quantitative research examined the impact on perceived student engagement as a result of the sudden change, and how students in higher education in Finland (n = 121) and Thailand (n = 137) responded to this change. One of the primary findings of the research was that students in Thailand indicated difficulties completing group assignments digitally, while, contrary to that finding, students in Finland consented to ease in digital collaboration concerning their group works. As a logical next step, it is recommended to conduct qualitative research to gain a more comprehensive insight into how the views on this particular statement differed significantly between both focus groups of students.
Social Distancing During the Sars-Cov2 (COVID-19) Pandemic: Interpretations and Implication in the African Context
Authors: Kajiita Robert Mutemi , Kang’ethe Simon Murote 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In absence of vaccine or a well-known treatment at onset of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), public health measures such as social distancing, washing hands, and wearing face masks were implemented as the most effective strategies to combat the spread of the virus. This article explores the perceptions and interpretations of COVID-19-related regulations and implications of the disease to human life in different contexts. The article adopted a qualitative research methodology, where twenty participants were selected purposively and interviewed, then data analyzed inductively. The analysis of interviews revealed varied conceptualizations and interpretations about the disease and social distancing. Notably, COVID-19 regulations such social distancing and face masking were perceived as imported policy, a misconception that would be attributed to non-adherence to COVID-19 protocols. Further, the study underscore that the disease and policies related to it disrupted ways of social life; infringed on people’s social-cultural rights; and had adverse health consequences. The study recommends a strategic and deliberate reconstruction of the society to restore its sociological functions post COVID-19 pandemic.
Usage-Based Contact Linguistics: Effects of Frequency and Similarity in Language Contact
Authors: Hakimov Nikolay , Backus Ad 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The influence of usage frequency, and particularly of linguistic similarity on human linguistic behavior and linguistic change in situations of language contact are well documented in contact linguistics literature. However, a theoretical framework capable of unifying the various explanations, which are usually couched in either structuralist, sociolinguistic, or psycholinguistic parlance, is still lacking. In this introductory article we argue that a usage-based approach to language organization and linguistic behavior suits this purpose well and that the study of language contact phenomena will benefit from the adoption of this theoretical perspective. The article sketches an outline of usage-based linguistics, proposes ways to analyze language contact phenomena in this framework, and summarizes the major findings of the individual contributions to the special issue, which not only demonstrate that contact phenomena are usefully studied from the usage-based perspective, but document that taking a usage-based approach reveals new aspects of old phenomena.
A Speech Planning Account of Guarani Grammatical Borrowings in Paraguayan Spanish
Authors: Estigarribia Bruno 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Previous studies view the use of Guarani grammatical morphemes in Paraguayan Spanish simply as grammatical borrowings (if one focuses on the morphosyntactic status of mixed forms) or as an ill-defined “interference”. But so far there has been no examination of the bilingual planning mechanisms that license and constrain these language mixes. In this paper, I explore the idea that the emergence of grammatical borrowings can be explained by message conceptualization procedures that are influenced by asymmetries in each language’s cognitive dominance. This work thus contributes to our understanding of language contact by applying what we know about language processing and utterance planning to explaining the outcomes observed in language mixing. In so doing, I hope to facilitate a tighter integration between the psycholinguistic planning and language contact literatures.
Exploring a Loan Translation and Its Consequences in an Oral Bilingual Corpus
Authors: Bullock Barbara E. , Serigos Jacqueline , Toribio Almeida Jacqueline 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This work applies computational tools that have been used to model loanwords in newspaper corpora to an analysis of a loan translation in an oral bilingual corpus. The explicit goal of the contribution is to argue that a specific collocation found in a corpus of Spanish spoken in Texas, agarrar+NP (e.g., agarrar ayuda), is a loan translation that is calqued on English get+np support verb constructions (e.g., get help). We base our argument on the frequency and the linguistic distribution of the nonconventional usage within and between corpora and on the factors that favor its use. Our findings show that the overall frequency of agarrar is the same in Spanish in Texas as it is in the benchmark monolingual corpus of Mexican Spanish but that it is used differently in the two varieties, a difference that has grammatical, as well as semantic, ramifications.
Lexical Frequency and Frequency of Co-Occurrence Predict the Use of Embedded-Language Islands in Bilingual Speech: Adjective-Modified Nominal Constituents in Russian-German Code-Mixing
Authors: Hakimov Nikolay 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This article explores the role of usage frequency in the structure of language mixing by the application of corpus-linguistic and statistical methods. The goal of the study is to reveal that the frequency of a lexical item and the frequency with which it occurs with other items account for its use in bilingual speech. To achieve this goal, I analyze German monolingual and German-Russian mixed adjective-modified nominal constituents in otherwise Russian discourse in a corpus of Russian-German bilingual speech collected from fluent bilinguals in Russian-speaking communities in Germany. My findings show that many of German nominal constituents, also called embedded-language islands, are recurrent A-N combinations. However, in the absence of sequential associations between the involved words, the adjectives may be realized in Russian or in German. In light of this evidence, I suggest two mechanisms underlying the production of embedded-language islands: retrieval of a multiword chunk and co-activation.
Uncertainty, Trade and Growth: An Indian Experience
Authors: Sheikh Mehraj Ahmad , Malik Mushtaq Ahmad , Masood Rana Zehra 
Published: August 2021

Over the years, emerging economies have extensively followed a liberal trade regime and witnessed unprecedented economic growth. At the same time, global uncertainty has also reached to the pinnacle and has gripped almost every country within its ambit. Trade openness though seems to be channelising negative spillover effects of global uncertainty, yet continues to flourish. Therefore, the economic implications of uncertainty in presence of unprecedented trade openness remain a moot question which lays the basis of this study. Using autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) approach, the empirical estimates suggest that macroeconomic effects of uncertainty are effectively mitigated by trade openness. JEL Codes: C22, F14, C22
The Firm-Specific Factors Influencing the Tax Haven Operations of Indian Multinationals
Authors: Vineeth P. , Nidheesh K. B. 
Published: August 2021

The present study measures the role of firm-specific factors influencing the likelihood of establishing a subsidiary in tax haven countries. The panel data of Indian companies, which have business operations in foreign countries, are used for the study. The firm-level data for the period from 2007 to 2018 are analysed by using binary logistic regression model. The result shows that the intangible assets, long-term debt, number of subsidiaries and service sector dummy have significant and positive impact on tax haven operations of multinational companies, but the experience of the firm and return on equity are insignificant, and a firm’s size deters the likelihood of setting a tax haven subsidiary. The results also show that firms from high-technology manufacturing and knowledge-intensive sector have more influence on the likelihood of owning a tax haven subsidiary by Indian multinationals. JEL Codes: F21, F23, H25, H26
Non-pharmacological treatments for schizophrenia in Southeast Europe: An expert survey
Authors: Stevović Lidija Injac , Repišti Selman , Radojičić Tamara , Sartorius Norman , Tomori Sonila , Džubur Kulenović Alma , Popova Ana , Kuzman Martina Rojnić , Vlachos Ilias I , Statovci Shukrije , Bandati Alexei , Novotni Antoni , Bajraktarov Stojan , Panfil Anca-Livia , Maric Nadja P. , Delić Mirjana , Jovanović Nikolina 
Published: August 2021

Background: Non-pharmacological treatment for schizophrenia includes educational, psychotherapeutic, social, and physical interventions. Despite growing importance of these interventions in the holistic treatment of individuals with schizophrenia, very little is known about their availability in South-East European countries (SEE). Objective: To explore mental health care experts’ opinions of the availability of non-pharmacological treatment for people with schizophrenia in SEE. Methods: An online survey containing 11 questions was completed by one mental health expert from each of the following SEE countries: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H), Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Kosovo†, Montenegro, Moldova, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, and Slovenia. Data were collected on estimated rates of received non-pharmacological interventions, type of services delivering these interventions, and expert views of availability barriers. Results: In eight countries, the estimated percentage of people with schizophrenia who receive non-pharmacological treatments was below 35%. The primary explanations for the low availability of non-pharmacological treatments were: lack of human and financial resources, lack of training for clinicians, and pharmacotherapy dominance in the treatment for schizophrenia. Conclusion: Lack of personal and institutional resources and state support were identified as primary obstacles to staff training and delivering non-pharmacological treatments to people with schizophrenia on individual and systemic levels, respectively. This evidence can be used to improve holistic, evidence-based treatment for schizophrenia in the SEE countries.