bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of muscle strength following peripheral nerve surgery: A scoping review
Authors: McGillivray Meghan K. , Haldane Chloe , Doherty Christopher , Berger Michael J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPeripheral nerve injury (PNI) can result in devastating loss of function, often with poor long‐term prognosis. Increased use of peripheral nerve surgical techniques (eg, nerve transfer, nerve grafting, and nerve repair) has resulted in improved muscle strength and other functional outcomes in patients with PNI. Muscle strength has largely been evaluated with the British Medical Research Council (MRC) scale. MRC is convenient to use in clinical settings, but more robust measures of muscle function are necessary to fully elucidate patient recovery. This scoping review aims to examine alternative instruments used to assess muscle function in studies of peripheral nerve surgery for PNI of the upper and lower limbs. A scoping review was conducted using Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, and PubMed databases in May and December of 2020, yielding a total of 20 studies pertaining to the review question. Studies pertaining to handheld dynamometry, grip and pinch dynamometry, Rotterdam Intrinsic Hand Myometers, isokinetic dynamometry, ultrasonography, and electromyography were reviewed. We provide a synopsis of each method and current clinical applications and discuss potential benefits, disadvantages, and areas of future research.
A formalized transition program for cystic fibrosis: A 10‐year retrospective analysis of 97 patients in Lyon
Authors: Bourgeois Gaelle , Magne Fanny , Nove Josserand Raphaele , Durupt Stephane , Durieu Isabelle , Reix Philippe , Reynaud Quitterie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe prognosis of people diagnosed with cystic fibrosis (CF) has dramatically improved over the past decade in France, largely due to advances in CF care management, including an emphasis on chronic maintenance medications. Currently, the majority of French CF patients are adults, which means that they went through a transition process from receiving care at a pediatric CF center to receiving care at an adult CF center. To determine the impact of the transfer on clinical evolution, we report the transition procedure of our CF center in Lyon.Materials and MethodsFrom January 2006 to December 2016, 97 CF patients underwent a standardized process of transitioning from the pediatric to the adult CF center in Lyon. We compared the clinical evolution of these patients during three periods, starting the year before transition and ending the year after transition. Clinical data taken into account were forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1 in liters), body mass index (BMI in kg/m2), pulmonary colonization, number of antibiotic courses, number of days of hospitalization per year, and outpatient visits per year.ResultsNo significant differences were observed between respiratory and nutritional status, respiratory microbiome, number of antibiotic courses, or number of hospitalizations or visits when comparing the threeperiods of observation around transition (the year before, the first year after, and the second year after transfer).ConclusionThe standardized transition procedure used in Lyon is associated with the clinical stability of our CF patients.
Hill‐based musculoskeletal model for a fracture reduction robot
Authors: Tan Yinglun , Fu Zhuoxin , Duan Lunhui , Cui Rui , Wu Mengkun , Chen Jianwen , Guo Yue , Li Jian , Guo Xin , Sun Hao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe introduction of fracture reduction robot can solve the problem of large reduction forces during fracture reduction surgeries and the need to collect multiple medical images. However, because its safety has not been certified, there are few academic achievements on this type of robot. To calculate the safety factor during its operation, a musculoskeletal model needs to be established to study the constraints of muscles on the robot. The existing academic achievements of musculoskeletal modelling are mainly for application such as rehabilitation treatment and collision in car accidents.MethodsA musculoskeletal model applied to the fracture reduction robot is proposed in this paper. First, by comparing the characteristics of mainstream muscle models and combining the biological characteristics of the anesthetised muscles, the Hill model was selected as the muscle model for this study. Second, based on the motion composition of six spatial degrees of freedom, five basic fractural malposition situations are proposed. Then, a 170‐cm tall male musculoskeletal model was built in Opensim. Based on this model, the muscle force curves of the above malposition situations are calculated. Finally, a similar musculoskeletal model was established in Adams, and the accuracy of its muscle force data was tested. The study is approved by the ethics committee of the Rehabilitation Hospital, National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, Beijing, China.ResultsThe muscle force curve of Opensim and Adams model under situations of five basic malposition are compared. Most of the correlation coefficients are in the range of 0.98–0.99. The overall correlation coefficient is greater than 0.95.ConclusionsThe simulation results prove that this model can be used for the safety assessment of the fracture reduction robots. This model will be served as an environmental constraint to study the control of fracture reduction robot.
Healthy mistrust or complacent confidence? Civic vigilance in the reporting by leading newspapers on nuclear waste disposal in Finland and France
Authors: Lehtonen Markku , Kojo Matti , Kari Mika , Litmanen Tapio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTrust and confidence have been identified as crucial for efforts at solving the conundrum of high‐level radioactive waste management (RWM). However, mistrust has its virtues, especially in the form of “civic vigilance”—healthy suspicion towards the powers that be. This article examines civic vigilance in the form of “watchdog journalism,” as practiced by the leading Finnish and French newspapers—Helsingin Sanomat (HS) and Le Monde (LM)—in their RWM reporting. Although both countries are forerunners in RWM, Finland constitutes a Nordic “high‐trust society” while France has been characterized as a “society of mistrust.” Employing the methods of frame analysis, key RWM‐related news frames were identified, consisting of varying combinations of confidence, skepticism, trust, and mistrust. LM's mistrust‐skepticism‐oriented framings reflect the classical watchdog role, in sharp contrast with the confidence oriented framings of HS, which tends to reproduce government and industry framings. Explanations for the observed differences can be sought in historically constituted political and media cultures, as well as national nuclear “regimes”. For further research, we suggest two alternative hypotheses concerning the implications that these distinct models of civic vigilance have for democracy.
Remote sensing of wildlife connectivity networks and priority locations for conservation in the Southern Agricultural Growth Corridor (SAGCOT) in Tanzania
Authors: Cisneros‐Araujo Pablo , Ramirez‐Lopez Miguel , Juffe‐Bignoli Diego , Fensholt Rasmus , Muro Javier , Mateo‐Sánchez María C. , Burgess Neil D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLand conversion is causing habitat loss and fragmentation worldwide, particularly in Africa, where the proliferation of agricultural development corridors may threaten vital areas for ecological connectivity and wildlife survival. To conserve connectivity, careful landscape planning is necessary, which strongly relies on remotely sensed land cover maps. Here, we present a remote sensing‐based framework that efficiently identifies priority locations for connectivity conservation. We applied the framework in the Kilombero catchment and development cluster of the Southern Agricultural Growth Corridor (SAGCOT) in Tanzania, where new agricultural development projects could act as barriers for connectivity. Using satellite imagery from Sentinel‐1 and 2, we mapped the mixture of mountain and lowland land covers and habitats with an overall accuracy of 75%. Then, we assessed ecological connectivity to predict African elephant corridors and prioritize them in two ways. First, we identified elephant corridors that contribute the most to current landscape connectivity, and second, we identified those whose restoration would significantly enhance landscape functionality and improve the current connectivity level. We mapped 214 potential elephant corridors, identified 43 of them as priority for conservation, and 43 as target for restoration. Our model predicted four already known corridor areas in and around the Kilombero valley floodplain, and other important corridors not yet identified by previous studies in the south of the basin. Priority elephant corridors inside the floodplain showed narrow widths and low permeability, indicating low functionality in the connectivity network. Nevertheless, the abundance of priority corridors for restoration suggests that connectivity could be recovered if the recommended measures are applied during SAGCOT planning and implementation process. Our findings demonstrate the possibilities of combining multispectral and radar data for guiding biodiversity management in development corridors and for assessing ecological connectivity worldwide.
Longitudinal Neuroimaging Evaluation of the Corticospinal Tract in Patients with Stroke Treated with Autologous Bone Marrow Cells
Authors: Haque Muhammad E. , Hasan Khader M. , George Sarah , Sitton Clark , Boren Seth , Arevalo Octavio D. , Vahidy Farhaan , Zhang Xu , Cox Charles S. , Alderman Susan , Aronowski Jaroslaw , Grotta James C. , Savitz Sean I. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Bone marrow mononuclear cells (MNCs) attenuate secondary degeneration and enhance recovery in stroke animal models. In a nonrandomized clinical trial, we imaged 37 patients with stroke: 17 patients treated with MNCs (treated) and 20 patients who received standard of care (nontreated) at 1, 3, and 12 months onset of stroke on 3.0T MRI system. Three-dimensional anatomical and diffusion tensor images were obtained. The integrity of the corticospinal tract was assessed by measuring absolute and relative fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) in the rostral pons (RP), posterior limb of the internal capsule, and corona radiata by drawing regions of interest. Infarct volume and stroke severity, which was assessed via the NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS), were higher in the MNC group compared with the nontreated patients, which is a major limitation. Overall, the relative FA (rFA) of the nontreated patients exhibited continued reduction and an increase in relative MD (rMD) from 1 to 12 months, whereas despite larger infarcts and higher severity, treated patients displayed an increase in rFA from 3 to 12 months and no change in rMD. Contrary to the nontreated group, the treated patients' rFA was also significantly correlated (P &lt; .05) with NIHSS score in the RP at all time points, whereas rMD at the last two.
A database of CEO turnover and dismissal in S&P 1500 firms, 2000–2018
Authors: Gentry Richard J. , Harrison Joseph S. , Quigley Timothy J. , Boivie Steven 
Published: March 2021

AbstractResearch SummaryWe introduce an open‐source dataset documenting the reasons for CEO departure in S&P 1500 firms from 2000 through 2018. In our dataset, we code for various forms of voluntary and involuntary departure. We compare our dataset to three published datasets in the CEO succession literature to assess both the qualitative and quantitative differences among them and to explore how these differences impact empirical findings associated with the performance‐CEO dismissal relationship. The dataset includes eight different classifications for CEO turnover, a narrative description of each departure event, and links to sources used in constructing the narrative so that future researchers can validate or adapt the coding. The resulting data are available at (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4543893).Managerial SummaryThis article describes the development of an open‐source database of all CEO dismissals and departures in the S&P 1500 between 2000 and 2018. Prior research on CEO turnover either does not capture the cause of departure or has coded the event independently, leading to inconsistencies and a lack of transparency in coding schemes. This has made it difficult to generate knowledge on the causes and consequences of CEO dismissal. We describe how we developed the database, and we explore how our dataset compares to prior CEO dismissal research. The resulting data are available at (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4543893).
Demystifying the catalysis in lithium–sulfur batteries: Characterization methods and techniques
Authors: Geng Chuannan , Hua Wuxing , Wang Dawei , Ling Guowei , Zhang Chen , Yang Quan‐Hong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li‐S) batteries are promising next‐generation energy storage systems with ultrahigh energy density. However, the intrinsic sluggish “solid–liquid–solid” reaction between S8 and Li2S causes unavoidable shuttling of polysulfides, severely limiting the practical energy density and cycling performance. Recently, the catalysis process has been introduced for the sulfur redox reaction to accelerate the conversion of polysulfides, providing a positive remedy for the polysulfides shuttling. Nevertheless, in‐depth understanding of the catalyst evaluation criteria and catalytic mechanism still lies in the “black box”, and precise characterization technique is the key to unlock this puzzle. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of characterization techniques on the catalyst in Li‐S batteries from two aspects of catalytic performance and catalytic mechanism, highlighting their significance and calling for more efforts to develop precise and fast techniques for Li‐S catalysis. Moreover, we envision the future development of characterization for better understanding the catalysis toward practical Li‐S battery.
Tidal effects for spinning particles
Authors: Aoude Rafael , Haddad Kays , Helset Andreas 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Expanding on the recent derivation of tidal actions for scalar particles, we present here the action for a tidally deformed spin-1/2 particle. Focusing on operators containing two powers of the Weyl tensor, we combine the Hilbert series with an on-shell amplitude basis to construct the tidal action. With the tidal action in hand, we compute the leading-post-Minkowskian tidal contributions to the spin-1/2–spin-1/2 amplitude, arising at $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(G2). Our amplitudes provide evidence that the observed long range spin-universality for the scattering of two point particles extends to the scattering of tidally deformed objects. From the scattering amplitude we find the conservative two-body Hamiltonian, linear and angular impulses, eikonal phase, spin kick, and aligned-spin scattering angle. We present analogous results in the electromagnetic case along the way.
Black holes lessons from multipole ratios
Authors: Bena Iosif , Mayerson Daniel R. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We explain in detail how to calculate the gravitational mass and angular momentum multipoles of the most general non-extremal four-dimensional black hole with four magnetic and four electric charges. We also calculate these multipoles for generic supersymmetric four-dimensional microstate geometries and multi-center solutions. Both for Kerr black holes and BPS black holes many of these multipoles vanish. However, if one embeds these black holes in String Theory and slightly deforms them, one can calculate an infinite set of ratios of vanishing multipoles which remain finite as the deformation is taken away, and whose values are independent of the direction of deformation. For supersymmetric black holes, we can also compute these ratios by taking the scaling limit of multi-center solutions, and for certain black holes the ratios computed using the two methods agree spectacularly. For the Kerr black hole, these ratios pose strong constraints on the parameterization of possible deviations away from the Kerr geometry that should be tested by future gravitational wave interferometers.
The strategic biomarker roadmap for the validation of Alzheimer’s diagnostic biomarkers: methodological update
Authors: Boccardi Marina , Dodich Alessandra , Albanese Emiliano , Gayet-Ageron Angèle , Festari Cristina , Ashton Nicholas J. , Bischof Gérard N. , Chiotis Konstantinos , Leuzy Antoine , Wolters Emma E. , Walter Martin A. , Rabinovici Gil D. , Carrillo Maria , Drzezga Alexander , Hansson Oskar , Nordberg Agneta , Ossenkoppele Rik , Villemagne Victor L. , Winblad Bengt , Frisoni Giovanni B. , Garibotto Valentina 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
The 2017 Alzheimer’s disease (AD) Strategic Biomarker Roadmap (SBR) structured the validation of AD diagnostic biomarkers into 5 phases, systematically assessing analytical validity (Phases 1–2), clinical validity (Phases 3–4), and clinical utility (Phase 5) through primary and secondary Aims. This framework allows to map knowledge gaps and research priorities, accelerating the route towards clinical implementation. Within an initiative aimed to assess the development of biomarkers of tau pathology, we revised this methodology consistently with progress in AD research.

Methods
We critically appraised the adequacy of the 2017 Biomarker Roadmap within current diagnostic frameworks, discussed updates at a workshop convening the Alzheimer’s Association and 8 leading AD biomarker research groups, and detailed the methods to allow consistent assessment of aims achievement for tau and other AD diagnostic biomarkers.

Results
The 2020 update applies to all AD diagnostic biomarkers. In Phases 2–3, we admitted a greater variety of study designs (e.g., cross-sectional in addition to longitudinal) and reference standards (e.g., biomarker confirmation in addition to clinical progression) based on construct (in addition to criterion) validity. We structured a systematic data extraction to enable transparent and formal evidence assessment procedures. Finally, we have clarified issues that need to be addressed to generate data eligible to evidence-to-decision procedures.

Discussion
This revision allows for more versatile and precise assessment of existing evidence, keeps up with theoretical developments, and helps clinical researchers in producing evidence suitable for evidence-to-decision procedures. Compliance with this methodology is essential to implement AD biomarkers efficiently in clinical research and diagnostics.
The clinical implication of soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) in patients with breast cancer and its biological function in regulating the function of T lymphocyte
Authors: Han Baojuan , Dong Lina , Zhou Jing , Yang Yan , Guo Jiaxun , Xuan Qijia , Gao Kun , Xu Zhenguo , Lei Wanting , Wang Jingxuan , Zhang Qingyuan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis work investigated the clinical prognostic implications and biological function of plasma soluble programmed cell death ligand 1 in breast cancer patients. Plasma sPD-L1 levels of recurrent/metastatic breast cancer patients were determined, and the association of sPD-L1 levels and metastatic progression-free survival and metastatic overall survival was assessed. The PD-L1 expression on breast cancer cells was analyzed by flow cytometry, and the level of sPD-L1 in the supernatant of breast cancer cells was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Furthermore, the effect of sPD-L1 on the proliferation and apoptosis of T lymphocytes was detected by WST-1 assay and flow cytometry. The plasma sPD-L1 levels in 208 patients with recurrent/metastatic breast cancer before receiving first-line rescue therapy were measured. The optimal cutoff value of plasma sPD-L1 for predicting disease progression was 8.774 ng/ml. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified high sPD-L1 level (≥ 8.774 ng/ml) and visceral metastasis were independent factors associated with poor prognosis. Relevance analysis showed that the plasma sPD-L1 level was weaklyassociated with some systemic inflammation markers, including white cell count (WBC), absolute monocytecount, and absolute neutrophil count. Furthermore, we found sPD-L1 could be found in supernatant of culture with breast cancer cell line expressing PD-L1 on the cell surface and inhibit T lymphocyte function, playing a negative regulatory role in cellular immunity. sPD-L1 was a good tumor predictive maker in breast cancer and it may play a potentially important role in immune tolerance.
Natural killer cells efficiently target multiple myeloma clonogenic tumor cells
Authors: Leivas Alejandra , Risueño Ruth M. , Guzmán Alma , Sánchez-Vega Laura , Pérez Manuel , Megías Diego , Fernández Lucía , Alonso Rafael , Pérez-Martínez Antonio , Rapado Inmaculada , Martínez-López Joaquín 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe multiple myeloma (MM) landscape has changed in the last few years, but most patients eventually relapse because current treatment modalities do not target clonogenic stem cells, which are drug-resistant and can self-renew. We hypothesized that side population (SP) cells represent myeloma clonogenic stem cells and, searching for new treatment strategies, analyzed the anti-myeloma activity of natural killer (NK) cells against clonogenic cells. Activated and expanded NK cells (NKAE) products were obtained by co-culturing NK cells from MM patients with K562-mb15-41BBL cell line and characterized by flow cytometry. Functional experiments against MM cells were performed by Eu-TDA release assays and methylcellulose clonogenic assays. Side population was detected by Dye Cycle Violet labeling and then characterized by flow cytometry and RNA-Seq. Self-renewal capacity was tested by clonogenic assays. Sorting of both kind of cells was performed for time-lapse microscopy experiments. SP cells exhibited self-renewal potential and overexpressed genes involved in stem cell metabolism. NK cells from MM patients exhibited dysregulation and had lower anti-tumor potential against clonogenic cells than healthy donors’ NK cells. Patients’ NK cells were activated and expanded. These cells recovered cytotoxic activity and could specifically destroy clonogenic myeloma cells. They also had a highly cytotoxic phenotype expressing NKG2D receptor. Blocking NKG2D receptor decreased NK cell activity against clonogenic myeloma cells, and activated NK cells were able to destroy SP cells, which expressed NKG2D ligands. SP cells could represent the stem cell compartment in MM. This is the first report describing NK cell activity against myeloma clonogenic cells.