bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The origin and radiation of the phosphoprotein phosphatase (PPP) enzymes of Eukaryotes
Authors: Kerk David , Mattice Jordan F. , Valdés-Tresanco Mario E. , Noskov Sergei Yu , Ng Kenneth K.-S. , Moorhead Greg B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPhosphoprotein phosphatase (PPP) enzymes are ubiquitous proteins involved in cellular signaling pathways and other functions. Here we have traced the origin of the PPP sequences of Eukaryotes and their radiation. Using a bacterial PPP Hidden Markov Model (HMM) we uncovered “BacterialPPP-Like” sequences in Archaea. A HMM derived from eukaryotic PPP enzymes revealed additional, unique sequences in Archaea and Bacteria that were more like the eukaryotic PPP enzymes then the bacterial PPPs. These sequences formed the basis of phylogenetic tree inference and sequence structural analysis allowing the history of these sequence types to be elucidated. Our phylogenetic tree data strongly suggest that eukaryotic PPPs ultimately arose from ancestors in the Asgard archaea. We have clarified the radiation of PPPs within Eukaryotes, substantially expanding the range of known organisms with PPP subtypes (Bsu1, PP7, PPEF/RdgC) previously thought to have a more restricted distribution. Surprisingly, sequences from the Methanosarcinaceae (Euryarchaeota) form a strongly supported sister group to eukaryotic PPPs in our phylogenetic analysis. This strongly suggests an intimate association between an Asgard ancestor and that of the Methanosarcinaceae. This is highly reminiscent of the syntrophic association recently demonstrated between the cultured Lokiarchaeal species Prometheoarchaeum and a methanogenic bacterial species.
Genetic diversity for drought and low-phosphorus tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties and donors adapted to rainfed drought-prone ecologies
Authors: Roy Somnath , Verma B. C. , Banerjee Amrita , Kumar J. , Ray Uday Sankar , Mandal N. P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDrought and phosphate availability are two major abiotic factors limiting productivity of rice in rainfed upland areas. There has been a constant need for new improved donor with tolerance to multiple abiotic stress conditions for rainfed rice breeding. In the present study, a set of 32 popular rice varieties and landraces were evaluated for drought and low-phosphorus (P) tolerance, and also characterized using grain yield under reproductive drought QTLs (DTY QTLs) and Pup1 linked/specific molecular markers. Twenty-seven genotypes were identified as tolerant to moderately tolerant to drought. The SSR markers linked to ten DTY QTLs classified the genotypes into two groups corresponding to aus and indica. The tolerant genotypes were distributed under both groups. Based on the core markers of Pup1 locus, complete tolerant haplotype was recorded in nine genotypes other than the tolerant check Dular. Nine more genotypes showed the incomplete tolerant haplotypes. The rice genotypes showed significantly high genetic variability for low-P tolerance in hydroponic study. A few genotypes revealed non-Pup1 type tolerance which needs further confirmation.
Early prediction of diagnostic-related groups and estimation of hospital cost by processing clinical notes
Authors: Liu Jinghui , Capurro Daniel , Nguyen Anthony , Verspoor Karin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAs healthcare providers receive fixed amounts of reimbursement for given services under DRG (Diagnosis-Related Groups) payment, DRG codes are valuable for cost monitoring and resource allocation. However, coding is typically performed retrospectively post-discharge. We seek to predict DRGs and DRG-based case mix index (CMI) at early inpatient admission using routine clinical text to estimate hospital cost in an acute setting. We examined a deep learning-based natural language processing (NLP) model to automatically predict per-episode DRGs and corresponding cost-reflecting weights on two cohorts (paid under Medicare Severity (MS) DRG or All Patient Refined (APR) DRG), without human coding efforts. It achieved macro-averaged area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) scores of 0·871 (SD 0·011) on MS-DRG and 0·884 (0·003) on APR-DRG in fivefold cross-validation experiments on the first day of ICU admission. When extended to simulated patient populations to estimate average cost-reflecting weights, the model increased its accuracy over time and obtained absolute CMI error of 2·40 (1·07%) and 12·79% (2·31%), respectively on the first day. As the model could adapt to variations in admission time, cohort size, and requires no extra manual coding efforts, it shows potential to help estimating costs for active patients to support better operational decision-making in hospitals.
Synthetic polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography by deep learning
Authors: Sun Yi , Wang Jianfeng , Shi Jindou , Boppart Stephen A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPolarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) is a high-resolution label-free optical biomedical imaging modality that is sensitive to the microstructural architecture in tissue that gives rise to form birefringence, such as collagen or muscle fibers. To enable polarization sensitivity in an OCT system, however, requires additional hardware and complexity. We developed a deep-learning method to synthesize PS-OCT images by training a generative adversarial network (GAN) on OCT intensity and PS-OCT images. The synthesis accuracy was first evaluated by the structural similarity index (SSIM) between the synthetic and real PS-OCT images. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the computational PS-OCT images was validated by separately training two image classifiers using the real and synthetic PS-OCT images for cancer/normal classification. The similar classification results of the two trained classifiers demonstrate that the predicted PS-OCT images can be potentially used interchangeably in cancer diagnosis applications. In addition, we applied the trained GAN models on OCT images collected from a separate OCT imaging system, and the synthetic PS-OCT images correlate well with the real PS-OCT image collected from the same sample sites using the PS-OCT imaging system. This computational PS-OCT imaging method has the potential to reduce the cost, complexity, and need for hardware-based PS-OCT imaging systems.
Deletion of the diabetes candidate gene Slc16a13 in mice attenuates diet-induced ectopic lipid accumulation and insulin resistance
Authors: Schumann Tina , König Jörg , von Loeffelholz Christian , Vatner Daniel F. , Zhang Dongyan , Perry Rachel J. , Bernier Michel , Chami Jason , Henke Christine , Kurzbach Anica , El-Agroudy Nermeen N. , Willmes Diana M. , Pesta Dominik , de Cabo Rafael , O´Sullivan John F. , Simon Eric , Shulman Gerald I. , Hamilton Bradford S. , Birkenfeld Andreas L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGenome-wide association studies have identified SLC16A13 as a novel susceptibility gene for type 2 diabetes. The SLC16A13 gene encodes SLC16A13/MCT13, a member of the solute carrier 16 family of monocarboxylate transporters. Despite its potential importance to diabetes development, the physiological function of SLC16A13 is unknown. Here, we validate Slc16a13 as a lactate transporter expressed at the plasma membrane and report on the effect of Slc16a13 deletion in a mouse model. We show that loss of Slc16a13 increases mitochondrial respiration in the liver, leading to reduced hepatic lipid accumulation and increased hepatic insulin sensitivity in high-fat diet fed Slc16a13 knockout mice. We propose a mechanism for improved hepatic insulin sensitivity in the context of Slc16a13 deficiency in which reduced intrahepatocellular lactate availability drives increased AMPK activation and increased mitochondrial respiration, while reducing hepatic lipid content. Slc16a13 deficiency thereby attenuates hepatic diacylglycerol-PKCε mediated insulin resistance in obese mice. Together, these data suggest that SLC16A13 is a potential target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Evolution of tissue and developmental specificity of transcription start sites in Bos taurus indicus
Authors: Forutan Mehrnush , Ross Elizabeth , Chamberlain Amanda J. , Nguyen Loan , Mason Brett , Moore Stephen , Garner Josie B. , Xiang Ruidong , Hayes Ben J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo further the understanding of the evolution of transcriptional regulation, we profiled genome-wide transcriptional start sites (TSSs) in two sub-species,Bos taurus taurusandBos taurus indicus, that diverged approximately 500,000 years ago. Evolutionary and developmental-stage differences in TSSs were detected across the sub-species, including translocation of dominant TSS and changes in TSS distribution. The 16% of all SNPs located in significant differentially used TSS clusters across sub-species had significant shifts in allele frequency (472 SNPs), indicating they may have been subject to selection. In spleen and muscle, a higher relative TSS expression was observed inBos indicusthanBos taurusfor all heat shock protein genes, which may be responsible for the tropical adaptation ofBos indicus.
An alternative pathway for membrane protein biogenesis at the endoplasmic reticulum
Authors: O’Keefe Sarah , Zong Guanghui , Duah Kwabena B. , Andrews Lauren E. , Shi Wei Q. , High Stephen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe heterotrimeric Sec61 complex is a major site for the biogenesis of transmembrane proteins (TMPs), accepting nascent TMP precursors that are targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by the signal recognition particle (SRP). Unlike most single-spanning membrane proteins, the integration of type III TMPs is completely resistant to small molecule inhibitors of the Sec61 translocon. Using siRNA-mediated depletion of specific ER components, in combination with the potent Sec61 inhibitor ipomoeassin F (Ipom-F), we show that type III TMPs utilise a distinct pathway for membrane integration at the ER. Hence, following SRP-mediated delivery to the ER, type III TMPs can uniquely access the membrane insertase activity of the ER membrane complex (EMC) via a mechanism that is facilitated by the Sec61 translocon. This alternative EMC-mediated insertion pathway allows type III TMPs to bypass the Ipom-F-mediated blockade of membrane integration that is seen with obligate Sec61 clients.
Microscopic relaxation channels in materials for superconducting qubits
Authors: Premkumar Anjali , Weiland Conan , Hwang Sooyeon , Jäck Berthold , Place Alexander P. M. , Waluyo Iradwikanari , Hunt Adrian , Bisogni Valentina , Pelliciari Jonathan , Barbour Andi , Miller Mike S. , Russo Paola , Camino Fernando , Kisslinger Kim , Tong Xiao , Hybertsen Mark S. , Houck Andrew A. , Jarrige Ignace 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDespite mounting evidence that materials imperfections are a major obstacle to practical applications of superconducting qubits, connections between microscopic material properties and qubit coherence are poorly understood. Here, we combine measurements of transmon qubit relaxation times (T1) with spectroscopy and microscopy of the polycrystalline niobium films used in qubit fabrication. By comparing films deposited using three different techniques, we reveal correlations between T1 and intrinsic film properties such as grain size, enhanced oxygen diffusion along grain boundaries, and the concentration of suboxides near the surface. Qubit and resonator measurements show signatures of two-level system defects, which we propose to be hosted in the grain boundaries and surface oxides. We also show that the residual resistance ratio of the polycrystalline niobium films can be used as a figure of merit for qubit lifetime. This comprehensive approach to understanding qubit decoherence charts a pathway for materials-driven improvements of superconducting qubit performance.
Ligand size effects in two-dimensional hybrid copper halide perovskites crystals
Authors: Arramel Arramel , Fauzi Angga Dito , Yin Xinmao , Tang Chi Sin , Mahyuddin Muhammad Haris , Sahdan Muhammad Fauzi , Aminah Mimin , Onggo Djulia , Shukri Ganes , Diao Caozheng , Wang Hong , Birowosuto Muhammad Danang , Wee Andrew Thye Shen , Rusydi Andrivo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntensive effort to tailor photophysics of lead-free perovskites is appealing in recent years. However, their combined electronic and optical property elucidations remain elusive. Here, we report spectroscopic observations of the coexistence Zhang-Rice singlet state and exotic electronic transitions in two-dimensional copper-based perovskites. Herein, several perovskites with different alkylammonium spacers are investigated to unravel their correlated electronic systems and optical responses. Namely, methylammonium, ethylammonium, phenylmethylammonium and phenethylammonium. Using temperature dependent high-resolution X-ray absorption spectroscopy, we observe distinct electronic features highlighting the impact of short spacer chains compared to long-conjugated ligands, demonstrating a pronounced 3d9 and 3d9L signature linewidth variation. Corroborated by density functional theory calculations, the transient dynamics evolution of copper-based hybrid perovskites is influenced by the strong interplay of electron-phonon interactions and geometric constrictions. This finding sheds light on tuning the electronic and optical properties of hybrid perovskites towards efficient photoactive-based devices.
A high sensitivity luminescent sensor for the stress biomarker cortisol using four-fold interpenetrated europium–organic frameworks integrated with logic gates
Authors: Tang Meng-Hua , Shi Ying , Jiang Xiao-Lei , Xu Hang , Ma Yue , Zhao Bin 
Published: July 2021

A four-fold interpenetrated Ln-MOF (MHT-1) exhibits the excellent luminescence response to the stress biomarker cortisol, in which an intelligent logic gate based on MHT-1 offers a simple approach to detect cortisol with the naked eye.
Improved fault diagnosis algorithm based on artificial immune network model and neighbourhood rough set theory
Authors: Zheng Yonghuang , Li Benhong , Zhang Shangmin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWith the aim to identify new fault diagnosis and advanced robotic systems, this paper first proposes a fault diagnosis algorithm based on an artificial immune network model that can adjust the pruning threshold. Secondly, the algorithm is improved based on neighbourhood rough set theory, in which the relationships among the pruning threshold, misdiagnosis rate, and missed diagnosis rate in the shape space are discussed. In addition, an improved algorithm for adjusting the adaptively pruning threshold based solely on an observation index is described. The simulation experiments show that the algorithm can identify the new fault modes while keeping the misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis rates low.
Kann ich eine erste Osteopathie-behandlung mit der Positionsnummer 2 abrechnen?
Authors: Kämper Siegfried 
Published: July 2021

SummaryDiese Kollegenfrage beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, ob eine erste Osteopathiebehandlung mit der Positionsnummer 2 als ausführliches Krankenexamen abgerechnet werden kann.
Im stillen Dialog
Authors: Werner Elke 
Published: July 2021

SummaryShiatsu wurzelt als eine sanfte, konkrete und meridianorientierte Körperarbeit in der japanischen Tradition und basiert vor allem auf Ki-Arbeit und Erfahrungswissen. Durch einen nonverbalen, berührungsvermittelten Dialog tritt der Patient mit seinem Körper in tiefen, stillen Kontakt, sodass sich Vertrauen, Entspannung und Selbstregulation entwickeln können. Auch bei psychosomatischen Erkrankungen eignet sich Shiatsu, so auch im vorgestellten Fall, in dem eine 12-jährige Patientin aus ihrer Anorexie und Zwangsstörung begleitet wurde.
Celiac Artery Thrombosis and Splenic Infarction as a Consequence of Mild COVID-19 Infection: Report of an Unusual Case
Authors: Arslan Gokhan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCOVID-19 has been associated with the hypercoagulable state in the literature. Patients who are admitted to the hospital with severe COVID-19 may have some thrombotic complications. These patients have a high risk for venous and arterial thrombosis of large and small vessels. Here, a 42-year-old female with celiac artery thrombosis and splenic infarction after a history of mild COVID-19 was presented.
Predictors of Failure of Noninvasive Ventilation in Critically Ill Children
Authors: Baker Alyson K. , Beardsley Andrew L. , Leland Brian D. , Moser Elizabeth A. , Lutfi Riad L. , Cristea A. Ioana , Rowan Courtney M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNoninvasive ventilation (NIV) is a common modality employed to treat acute respiratory failure. Most data guiding its use is extrapolated from adult studies. We sought to identify clinical predictors associated with failure of NIV, defined as requiring intubation. This single-center retrospective observational study included children admitted to pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) between July 2014 and June 2016 treated with NIV, excluding postextubation. A total of 148 patients was included. Twenty-seven (18%) failed NIV. There was no difference between the two groups with regard to age, gender, comorbidities, or etiology of acute respiratory failure. Those that failed had higher admission pediatric risk of mortality (p = 0.01) and pediatric logistic organ dysfunction (p = 0.002) scores and higher fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2; p = 0.009) at NIV initiation. Failure was associated with lack of improvement in tachypnea. At 6 hours of NIV, the failure group had worsening tachypnea with a median increase in respiratory rate of 8%, while the success group had a median reduction of 18% (p = 0.06). Multivariable Cox's proportional hazard models revealed FiO2 at initiation and worsening respiratory rate at 1- and 6-hour significant risks for failure of NIV. Failure was associated with a significantly longer PICU length of stay (success [2.8 days interquartile range (IQR): 1.7, 5.5] vs. failure [10.6 days IQR: 5.6, 13.2], p < 0.001). NIV can be successfully employed to treat acute respiratory failure in pediatric patients. There should be heightened concern for NIV failure in hypoxemic patients whose tachypnea is unresponsive to NIV. A trend toward improvement should be closely monitored.
Performance improvement of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 thin-film solar cells by optimizing the selenization temperature
Authors: Lv Xiaogong , Zhu Chengjun , Yang Yanchun , Liu Ruijian , Fan Wenliang , Wang Yiming 
Published: July 2021

In this work, Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) precursor films were deposited using a water-based solution approach. Subsequently, selenization was performed at different temperatures in the range of 480–610 °C to prepare Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) absorber-layer films. The effects of the selenization temperature on the crystallinity, structure, morphology, and photoelectric properties of CZTSSe thin films, as well as the performance of solar cells constructed using these films, were systematically studied. The absorber-layer films selenized at different temperatures all formed pure-phase CZTSSe and had basically the same film thickness. It was found that application of an optimal selenization temperature can enhance the crystallinity, crystal grain size, and mobility and reduce the resistivity of CZTSSe films. Selenization at 550 °C resulted in the largest grain size (∼μm), the highest crystallinity, the highest mobility (4.29 cm2 V−1 s−1), the lowest resistivity (3.13 × 102 Ω cm), the thinner fine-grained layer, a bandgap value of 1.21 eV, and a Cu-poor, Zn-rich elemental composition [Cu/(Zn + Sn) = 0.85 and Zn/Sn = 1.16]. The power-conversion efficiency was improved from 3.04% in a CZTSSe cell device with an absorber layer selenized at 480 °C to 4.69% in a film selenized at 550 °C. This was mainly due to the improvement of the crystallinity, crystal grain growth, and reduction of the fine-grained layer of the CZTSSe film. These results show that optimizing the selenization temperature is essential for enhancing the performance and the ultimate device efficiency of CZTSSe absorber layers prepared using a water-based solution approach.
A discrete scheme of the fluid motion equation based on the pore-scale SPH method
Authors: Yang Gaosheng , Rao Dengyu , Cai Guoqing , Zhou Rui 
Published: July 2021

To study the phenomenon of convection diffusion and solute migration in porous media, the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method is used to solve the N–S equation describing pore water flow and the linear homogeneous second-order differential equation describing the solute diffusion process. The accuracy of the simulation method is verified by solving the one-dimensional definite solution of the convection diffusion equation at a low Peclet (Pe) number. Under the condition of a high Pe number, the simulation experiment of solute breakthrough porous media at the pore scale is simulated. Through the analysis of the velocity distribution of fluid particles in pore channels of porous media and the mechanical dispersion process of solutes in porous media, it is found that the flow velocity presents a parabolic distribution in the pore channel, and the particles with high velocity are mainly concentrated in the middle of the pore channel between the solid particles. The solute dispersion is obvious in porous media, and some fluid particles containing solutes penetrate porous media earlier along fast-flowing pore channels. Finally, the solute breakthrough curve and the motion path length of the particle are obtained through the simulation experiment. The calculation methods of the dispersion degree and tortuosity of porous media are further given, and the dispersion degree of porous media in this paper is 0.000 95 m.
Influence of Sb2 soaking on strained InAs0.8Sb0.2/Al0.2Ga0.8Sb multiple quantum well interfaces
Authors: Wang Wenqi , Li Yangfeng , Zhang Junyang , Deng Zhen , Wang Wenxin , Jia Haiqiang , Chen Hong 
Published: July 2021

InAsSb/AlGaSb systems have potential in mid-wavelength infrared detection and laser fields. Thus, their heteroepitaxial crystal quality and heterointerface are of great importance. Herein, the quantum well structure based on InAs0.8Sb0.2/Al0.2Ga0.8Sb was grown by interruption with and without Sb2 soaking methods by molecular beam epitaxy to optimize the interface quality and adjust the heterostructure strain. Narrow and well-defined satellite peaks in high-resolution x-ray diffraction patterns manifest good crystal quality of the sample with 15 s Sb2 soaking interruption. The relaxation of sample A without Sb2 soaking interruption is ∼23% calculated by the reciprocal space mappings, while there is no relaxation found in sample B with 15 s Sb2 soaking. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy were carried out. They showed sharp and coherent heterointerfaces generated by adding interruptions with an Sb2 overpressure before and after InAsSb layer growth. Furthermore, the atomic force microscopy images of a 5 × 5 μm2 scan area show that the surface of sample B with Sb2 soaking contains atomic steps with a root-mean-square roughness of 1.44 Å. The photoluminescence peaks of the samples located in the range of 3–4 µm show that these InAsSb/AlGaSb material systems have potential applications in mid-wavelength optoelectrical devices.