bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of mcr‐1‐positive Escherichia coli in slaughterhouse wastewater collected from Dawen river
Authors: Wang Xinxing , Li Li , Sun Fengxia , Wang Jinji , Chang Weishan , Chen Fengmei , Peng Jun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundLow levels of mcr‐1 were detected in Escherichia coli from wastewater samples across the world; hence, further monitoring and management of accumulation of mcr‐1‐positive bacteria in wastewater are urgently recommended.ObjectivesIn this study, we have reported the detection of E. coli strains carrying the colistin resistance gene mcr‐1 in slaughterhouse wastewater discharged into Dawen river.MethodsTwenty samples were collected aseptically and subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, multilocus sequence typing and antibiotic resistance tests. Conjugation tests were also performed.ResultsThe screening results showed a positive rate of 20% (4/20), which suggested that the mcr‐1 gene had polluted the environment of the river. The mcr‐1 gene had successfully transferred from the donor to recipient cells, which showed the possibility of horizontal transfer of mcr‐1 and subsequently, the formation of multidrug resistant bacteria in the river.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrated a high occurrence of colistin‐resistant E. coli carrying the mcr‐1 gene on transferrable plasmids in slaughterhouses and indicated their dissemination into river. Large‐scale cross‐border cooperation would be required for the effective control of the spread of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria.
The metabolism of gelsevirine in human, pig, goat and rat liver microsomes
Authors: Zhang Hua‐Hai , Yang Wen‐Jia , Huang Ya‐Jun , Li Wen‐Jing , Zhang Shuo‐Xin , Liu Zhao‐Ying 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGelsemium is a small genus of flowering plants from the family Loganiaceae comprising five species, three of which, Gelsemium sempervirens (L.) J. St.‐Hil., G. elegans Benth and G. rankinii Small, are particularly popular. Compared with other alkaloids from G. elegans, gelsemine, gelsevirine and koumine exhibit equally potent anxiolytic effects and low toxicity. Although the pharmacological activities and metabolism of koumine and gelsemine have been reported in previous studies, the species differences of gelsevirine metabolism have not been well studied. In this study, the metabolism of gelsevirine was investigated by using liver microsomes of humans, pigs, goats and rats by means of HPLC‐QqTOF/MS. The results indicated that the metabolism of gelsevirine in liver microsomes had qualitative and quantitative species differences. Based on the results, the possible metabolic pathways of gelsevirine in liver microsomes were proposed. Investigation of the metabolism of gelsevirine will provide a basis for further studies of the in vivo metabolism of this drug.
Extract of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf exhibits bactericidal effect against multidrug resistant pathogenic bacteria of poultry
Authors: Ali Edris , Islam Md. Sadequl , Hossen Md. Ismail , Khatun Mst. Minara , Islam Md. Ariful 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine the efficacy of neem leaf extract against multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogenic bacteria. Laboratory stock culture ofPasteurella multocida, Salmonella pullorum, Salmonella gallinarumandEscherichia coliwas revived. Antibiogram profiles of these bacteria were determined by disc diffusion method. Ethanolic extract of neem leaf was prepared. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of neem leaf extract (112.5, 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25 and 3.12 mg/ml) against MDR pathogenic bacteria of poultry were determined by double dilution method. The MIC and MBC of the neem leaf extract were 12.5 and 25 mg/ml, respectively forP. multocida, 50 and 100 mg/ml forS. pullorumandS. gallinarum, 100 and 112.5 mg/ml forE. coli. Neem leaf extracts exhibited bactericidal effect against MDR pathogenic bacteria of poultry.
Multimodal Measurements of Brain Tissue Metabolism and Perfusion in a Neonatal Model of Hypoxic-Ischaemic Injury
Authors: Bale Gemma , Rajaram Ajay , Kewin Matthew , Morrison Laura , Bainbridge Alan , Liu Linshan , Anazodo Udunna , Diop Mamadou , Lawrence Keith St , Tachtsidis Ilias 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis is the first multimodal study of cerebral tissue metabolism and perfusion post-hypoxic-ischaemic (HI) brain injury using broadband near-infrared spectroscopy (bNIRS), diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS), positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). In seven piglet preclinical models of neonatal HI, we measured cerebral tissue saturation (StO2), cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral oxygen metabolism (CMRO2), changes in the mitochondrial oxidation state of cytochrome c oxidase (oxCCO), cerebral glucose metabolism (CMRglc) and tissue biochemistry (Lac+Thr/tNAA). At baseline, the parameters measured in the piglets that experience HI (not controls) were 64 ± 6% StO2, 35 ± 11 ml/100 g/min CBF and 2.0 ± 0.4 μmol/100 g/min CMRO2. After HI, the parameters measured were 68 ± 6% StO2, 35 ± 6 ml/100 g/min CBF, 1.3 ± 0.1 μmol/100 g/min CMRO2, 0.4 ± 0.2 Lac+Thr/tNAA and 9.5 ± 2.0 CMRglc. This study demonstrates the capacity of a multimodal set-up to interrogate the pathophysiology of HIE using a combination of optical methods, MRS, and PET.
Optical Redox Imaging Differentiates Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Subtypes
Authors: Jiang Jinxia , Feng Min , Jacob Annemarie , Li Lin Z. , Xu He N. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly diverse group of cancers with limited treatment options, responsible for about 15% of all breast cancers. TNBC cells differ from each other in many ways such as gene expression, metabolic activity, tumorigenicity, and invasiveness. Recently, many research and clinical efforts have focused on metabolically targeted therapy for TNBC. Metabolic characterization of TNBC cell lines can facilitate the assessment of therapeutic effects and assist in metabolic drug development. Herein, we used optical redox imaging (ORI) techniques to characterize TNBC subtypes metabolically. We found that various TNBC cell lines had differing redox statuses (levels of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), oxidized flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), and the redox ratio (FAD/(NADH+FAD)). We then metabolically perturbed the cells with mitochondrial inhibitors and an uncoupler and performed ORI accordingly. As expected, we observed that these TNBC cell lines had similar response patterns to the metabolic perturbations. However, they exhibited differing redox plasticity. These results suggest that subtypes of TNBC cells are different metabolically and that ORI can serve as a sensitive technique for the metabolic profiling of TNBC cells.
Systems Biology Model of Cerebral Oxygen Delivery and Metabolism During Therapeutic Hypothermia: Application to the Piglet Model
Authors: Russell-Buckland Joshua , Kaynezhad P. , Mitra S. , Bale G. , Bauer C. , Lingam I. , Meehan C. , Avdic-Belltheus A. , Martinello K. , Bainbridge A. , Robertson N. J. , Tachtsidis I. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a significant cause of death and disability. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is the only available standard of treatment, but 45–55% of cases still result in death or neurodevelopmental disability following TH. This work has focussed on developing a new brain tissue physiology and biochemistry systems biology model that includes temperature effects, as well as a Bayesian framework for analysis of model parameter estimation. Through this, we can simulate the effects of temperature on brain tissue oxygen delivery and metabolism, as well as analyse clinical and experimental data to identify mechanisms to explain differing behaviour and outcome. Presented here is an application of the model to data from two piglets treated with TH following hypoxic-ischaemic injury showing different responses and outcome following treatment. We identify the main mechanism for this difference as the Q10 temperature coefficient for metabolic reactions, with the severely injured piglet having a median posterior value of 0.133 as opposed to the mild injury value of 5.48. This work demonstrates the use of systems biology models to investigate underlying mechanisms behind the varying response to hypothermic treatment.
Chaotic scattering of highly excited strings
Authors: Gross David J. , Rosenhaus Vladimir 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMotivated by the desire to understand chaos in theS-matrix of string theory, we study tree level scattering amplitudes involving highly excited strings. While the amplitudes for scattering of light strings have been a hallmark of string theory since its early days, scattering of excited strings has been far less studied. Recent results on black hole chaos, combined with the correspondence principle between black holes and strings, suggest that the amplitudes have a rich structure. We review the procedure by which an excited string is formed by repeatedly scattering photons off of an initial tachyon (the DDF formalism). We compute the scattering amplitude of one arbitrary excited string and any number of tachyons in bosonic string theory. At high energies and high mass excited state these amplitudes are determined by a saddle-point in the integration over the positions of the string vertex operators on the sphere (or the upper half plane), thus yielding a generalization of the “scattering equations”. We find a compact expression for the amplitude of an excited string decaying into two tachyons, and study its properties for a generic excited string. We find the amplitude is highly erratic as a function of both the precise excited string state and of the tachyon scattering angle relative to its polarization, a sign of chaos.
Soft radiation from scattering amplitudes revisited
Authors: Manu A. , Ghosh Debodirna , Laddha Alok , Athira P. V. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We apply the recently developed formalism by Kosower, Maybee and O’Connell (KMOC) [12] to analyse the soft electromagnetic and soft gravitational radiation emitted by particles without spin in D ≥ 4 dimensions. We use this formalism in conjunction with quantum soft theorems to derive radiative electro-magnetic and gravitational fields in low frequency expansion and upto next to leading order in the coupling. We show that in all dimensions, the classical limit of sub-leading soft (photon and graviton) theorems is consistent with the classical soft theorems proved by Sen et al. in a series of papers. In particular in [11] Saha, Sahoo and Sen proved classical soft theorems for electro-magnetic and gravitational radiation in D = 4 dimensions. For the class of scattering processes that can be analyzed using KMOC formalism, we show that the classical limit of quantum soft theorems is consistent with the D = 4 classical soft theorems, paving the way for their proof from scattering amplitudes.
An asymptotic analysis for a generalized Cahn–Hilliard system with fractional operators
Authors: Colli Pierluigi , Gilardi Gianni , Sprekels Jürgen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn the recent paper “Well-posedness and regularity for a generalized fractional Cahn–Hilliard system” (Colli et al. in Atti Accad Naz Lincei Rend Lincei Mat Appl 30:437–478, 2019), the same authors have studied viscous and nonviscous Cahn–Hilliard systems of two operator equations in which nonlinearities of double-well type, like regular or logarithmic potentials, as well as nonsmooth potentials with indicator functions, were admitted. The operators appearing in the system equations are fractional powers $$A^{2r}$$

A

2
r

and $$B^{2\sigma }$$

B

2
σ

(in the spectral sense) of general linear operators A and B, which are densely defined, unbounded, selfadjoint, and monotone in the Hilbert space $$L^2(\Omega )$$

L
2

(
Ω
)

, for some bounded and smooth domain $$\Omega \subset {{\mathbb {R}}}^3$$

Ω
⊂

R

3

, and have compact resolvents. Existence, uniqueness, and regularity results have been proved in the quoted paper. Here, in the case of the viscous system, we analyze the asymptotic behavior of the solution as the parameter $$\sigma $$
σ
appearing in the operator $$B^{2\sigma }$$

B

2
σ

decreasingly tends to zero. We prove convergence to a phase relaxation problem at the limit, and we also investigate this limiting problem, in which an additional term containing the projection of the phase variable on the kernel of B appears.
A pair correlation problem, and counting lattice points with the zeta function
Authors: Aistleitner Christoph , El-Baz Daniel , Munsch Marc 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe pair correlation is a localized statistic for sequences in the unit interval. Pseudo-random behavior with respect to this statistic is called Poissonian behavior. The metric theory of pair correlations of sequences of the form $$(a_n \alpha )_{n \ge 1}$$

(

a
n

α
)

n
≥
1

has been pioneered by Rudnick, Sarnak and Zaharescu. Here $$\alpha $$
α
is a real parameter, and $$(a_n)_{n \ge 1}$$

(

a
n

)

n
≥
1

is an integer sequence, often of arithmetic origin. Recently, a general framework was developed which gives criteria for Poissonian pair correlation of such sequences for almost every real number $$\alpha $$
α
, in terms of the additive energy of the integer sequence $$(a_n)_{n \ge 1}$$

(

a
n

)

n
≥
1

. In the present paper we develop a similar framework for the case when $$(a_n)_{n \ge 1}$$

(

a
n

)

n
≥
1

is a sequence of reals rather than integers, thereby pursuing a line of research which was recently initiated by Rudnick and Technau. As an application of our method, we prove that for every real number $$\theta >1$$

θ
>
1

, the sequence $$(n^\theta \alpha )_{n \ge 1}$$

(

n
θ

α
)

n
≥
1

has Poissonian pair correlation for almost all $$\alpha \in {\mathbb {R}}$$

α
∈
R

.
Does daily wear time of Twin Block reliably predict its efficiency of class II treatment?
Authors: Sarul Michal , Nahajowski Marek , Gawin Grzegorz , Antoszewska-Smith Joanna 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The objective of this study was to investigate how daily wear time (DWT) influences class II malocclusion treatment efficiency.

Materials and methods
The study group consisted of 55 patients (mean age 10.4 years) diagnosed with a class II/1 malocclusion. Twin block appliances, with built-in Theramon® microsensors (MC Technology, Hargelsberg, Austria) to monitor patients’ cooperation (daily wear time assessment), were used for treatment. Cephalograms were taken and the following initial and final measurements were compared: Co-Gn, Co-Go, Co-Olp, Pg-Olp, WITS, SNA, SNB, ANB, Co-Go-Me, overjet, molar and canine relationships. The Shapiro–Wilk test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Student’s t-test, Levene’s test, Mann–Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis test, χ2 test, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient with p < 0.05 set as the statistical significance level were used to determine the correlation of the outcomes with DWT; a ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve was calculated to illustrate diagnostic ability of the binary classifier system.

Results
DWT was very highly positively correlated with change of the Pg-Olp parameter and highly with an improvement in the ANB, SNA, and SNB angles, an increase in the WITS parameter and an increase in Co-Gn distance. DWTs < 7.5 h correlated with significantly less improvement of the investigated variables. However, DWT > 7.5 h did not significantly correlate with the improvement of the overjet and most of the linear parameters in the mandible. The ROC curve and its AUC (area under curve) allowed the determination of a DWT of 7 h and 48 min to be capable of establishing a class I relationship with 83% probability.

Conclusions
Class II treatment efficiency was influenced by DWT; an 8 h threshold value had an 83% probability of establishing a class I relationship.
A UK nationwide study of people with type 1 diabetes admitted to hospital with COVID-19 infection
Authors: Ruan Yue , Ryder Robert E. J. , De Parijat , Field Benjamin C. T. , Narendran Parth , Iqbal Ahmed , Gandhi Rajiv , Harris Sophie , Nagi Dinesh , Aziz Umaira , Karra Efthimia , Ghosh Sandip , Hanif Wasim , Edwards Amy E. , Zafar Mansoor , Dashora Umesh , Várnai Kinga A. , Davies Jim , Wild Sarah H. , Wilmot Emma G. , Webb David , Khunti Kamlesh , Rea Rustam ,   on behalf of the ABCD Covid-19 audit group
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
The aim of this work was to describe the clinical characteristics of adults with type 1 diabetes admitted to hospital and the risk factors associated with severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) in the UK.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was performed using data collected through a nationwide audit of people admitted to hospital with diabetes and COVID-19, conducted by the Association of British Clinical Diabetologists from March to October 2020. Prespecified demographic, clinical, medication and laboratory data were collected from the electronic and paper medical record systems of the participating hospitals by local clinicians. The primary outcome of the study, severe COVID-19, was defined as death in hospital and/or admission to the adult intensive care unit (AICU). Logistic regression models were used to generate age-adjusted ORs.

Results
Forty UK centres submitted data. The final dataset included 196 adults who were admitted to hospital and had both type 1 diabetes and COVID-19 on admission (male sex 55%, white 70%, with mean [SD] age 62 [19] years, BMI 28.3 [7.3] kg/m2 and last recorded HbA1c 76 [31] mmol/mol [9.1 (5.0)%]). The prevalence of pre-existing microvascular disease and macrovascular disease was 56% and 39%, respectively. The prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis on admission was 29%. A total of 68 patients (35%) died or were admitted to AICU. The proportions of people that died were 7%, 38% and 38% of those aged <55, 55–74 and ≥75 years, respectively. BMI, serum creatinine levels and having one or more microvascular complications were positively associated with the primary outcome after adjusting for age.

Conclusions/interpretation
In people with type 1 diabetes and COVID-19 who were admitted to hospital in the UK, higher BMI, poorer renal function and presence of microvascular complications were associated with greater risk of death and/or admission to AICU. Risk of severe COVID-19 is reassuringly very low in people with type 1 diabetes who are under 55 years of age without microvascular or macrovascular disease.

In people with Type 1 diabetes and COVID-19 admitted to hospital in the UK, BMI and one or more microvascular complications had a positive association and low serum creatine levels had a negative association with death/admission to intensive care unit after adjusting for age.
Pain and rehabilitation after total hip arthroplasty are approach dependent: a multisurgeon, single-center, prospective cohort study
Authors: Zimmerer Alexander , Steinhaus Mona , Sickmüller Erdmann , Ulmar Benjamin , Hauschild Matthias , Miehlke Wolfgang , Kinkel Stefan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to assess perioperative pain and mobilization after total hip arthroplasty (THA) using three different surgical approaches.

Methods
This was a multisurgeon, prospective, single-center cohort study. A total of 188 patients who underwent hip arthroplasty (THA) between February 2019 and April 2019 were analyzed according to the surgical approach used (direct anterior, lateral, and posterior approach). Outcome parameters were the daily walking distance during the inpatient stay, the pain level according to the visual analog scale (VAS) at rest and motion during the inpatient stay and at 6-week follow-up and the modified Harris Hips Score (mHHS) preoperatively and at 6 weeks.

Results
The walking distance within the groups increased significantly during the inpatient stay (p < 0.001). The DAA and posterior approach patients had a significantly longer walking distance than the lateral approach patients on the third postoperative day (DAA vs. lateral, p = 0.02; posterior vs. lateral 3, p = 0.03). DAA and posterior approach patients reported significantly less pain during motion on the third postoperative day and at 6-week follow-up than the lateral approach patients (3 postoperative day: DAA vs. lateral, p = 0.011; posterior vs. lateral, p = 0.04; 6 weeks control: DAA vs. lateral, p = 0.001; Posterior vs. lateral 3, p = 0.005). The mHHS demonstrated significant improvement within each group. However, lateral approach patients reported significantly less improvement than the DAA and posterior approach patients (DAA vs. lateral, p = 0.007; posterior vs. lateral, p = 0.021).

Conclusion
This study analyzed perioperative pain progression and short-term rehabilitation after THA according to the different surgical approaches. Direct anterior and posterior approaches have shown comparable improvements in pain, walking distance, and mHHS. Whether this effect persists over a longer period of time must be clarified in future studies.

Study design
Prospective cohort study, level of evidence, 2.
Preliminary assessment of thaw slump hazard to Arctic cultural heritage in Nordenskiöld Land, Svalbard
Authors: Nicu Ionut Cristi , Lombardo Luigi , Rubensdotter Lena 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPermafrost-dependent landslides occur in a range of sizes and are among the most dynamic landforms in the Arctic in the warming climate. Retrogressive thaw slumps (RTSs) are enlarging landslides triggered by thawing and release of excess water from permafrost ground ice, causing smaller or larger collapses of ground surface, which in turn exposes new permafrost to rapid thawing and collapse. In this study, a preliminary assessment of previous thaw slump activity in Nordenskiöld Land area of Svalbard is made based on remote sensing digitisation of 400 slump-scar features from aerial images from the Norwegian Polar Institute (NPI). RTS properties and distribution are analysed with an emphasis on their implications for the preservation of the Svalbard’s cultural heritage (CH). Our analysis shows that the areas where RTS scars and CH co-exist in Nordenskiöld Land are, at present, limited and cover mainly areas distributed along north-west (Colesbukta, Grønfjorden, Kapp Starostin), north-east (Sassendalen and Sassenfjorden) and south-west (Van Muydenbukta) coastlines. Taking into consideration the preliminary aspect of this inventory and study, it can be stated that for now, RTS and CH sites do not have a high level of co-existence, except for eight sites which are located at less than 100 m to a RTS and one site that is located inside a currently inactive slump-scar. Further mapping of RTS will be undertaken in order to have a complete picture of these climate triggered landslides potentially threatening the Arctic CH. The results of this study, even if preliminary, can be used by local authorities and stakeholders in prioritising future documentation and mitigation measures and can thus present a powerful tool in disaster risk reduction.
Modal Structuralism with Theoretical Terms
Authors: Andreas Holger , Schiemer Georg 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we aim to explore connections between a Carnapian semantics of theoretical terms and an eliminative structuralist approach in the philosophy of mathematics. Specifically, we will interpret the language of Peano arithmetic by applying the modal semantics of theoretical terms introduced in Andreas (Synthese 174(3):367–383, 2010). We will thereby show that the application to Peano arithmetic yields a formal semantics of universal structuralism, i.e., the view that ordinary mathematical statements in arithmetic express general claims about all admissible interpretations of the Peano axioms. Moreover, we compare this application with the modal structuralism by Hellman (Mathematics without numbers: towards a modal-structural interpretation. Oxford University Press: Oxford, 1989), arguing that it provides us with an easier epistemology of statements in arithmetic.