bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A VOZ QUE ECOA NA AMAZÔNIA: SINGULARIDADES NARRATIVAS DE DALCÍDIO JURANDIR
Authors: Barbosa Wilson Ferreira 
Published: March 2021

Tendo como leituras principais Lukács (1965), Watt (2010) e Bakhtin (2010) para estudar os romances que possivelmente apresentem problemas na sua elaboração, sejam de ordem do conteúdo ou da forma, o romance Chove nos campos de Cachoeira, de Dalcídio Jurandir (1909 – 1979), cuja primeira edição é de 1941, é meu objeto de trabalho. Essa obra em vários momentos foi considerada ora sem qualidades literárias ora elevada ao porte das grandes criações. Mais do que verificar as qualidades e os defeitos desse romance de feição regionalista, que está em sua 8ª. edição, lançada em 2019, o objetivo aqui é realizar uma leitura ampla dos elementos da narrativa para averiguar em que medida esse escritor paraense contribui para a formação da literatura brasileira, em especial da literatura amazônica, e o quanto se inseriu na problemática de sua época, tanto em relação às escolhas literárias quanto a utilização de elementos locais.
ECOS DE “O BARBA AZUL” NA CONTEMPORANEIDADE: ADAPTAÇÕES LITERÁRIAS E CINEMATOGRÁFICAS
Authors: Sylvestre Fernanda Aquino , Costa Cynthia Beatrice 
Published: March 2021

Este trabalho reflete sobre a reverberação na contemporaneidade do gótico em “O Barba Azul”, compilado por Charles Perrault em 1967, por meio do exame de dois contos – “The glass bottle trick” (2001), de Nalo Hopkinson, e “The last one” (2005), de Robert Coover – e dois filmes – Barbe Bleue (2009), de Catherine Breillat, e Elizabeth harvest (2018), de Sebastian Gutierrez. Investiga-se a hipótese de que, ainda que narrativas pós-modernas promovam transgressões com relação ao texto tradicional, o conflito de poder entre as personagens permanece mais ou menos inalterado. A discussão do artigo tem como suporte a noção de adaptação (HUTCHEON, 2013), interpretações mitológicas e psicanalíticas (ESTES, 1999; TATAR, 2004; CORSO e CORSO, 2006; BETTLEHEIM, 2010) e os estudos sobre reinterpretações pós-modernas de contos de fadas (BACCHILEGA, 1997, 2013).
Reasons for Retirement and the Influence of Retirement on the Life Adjustment amongst Hong Kong Elite Athletes
Authors: DU May Mei , TSAI Eva 
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.
In recent years, there is a growing interest amongst researchers regarding athletes’ retirement. While research in this area in western countries is slowly building, research in Hong Kong athletes has gained little attention. The present study examined Hong Kong elite athletes’ reasons for retirement and the influence of the retirement reasons on their perception of general life satisfaction and adjustment quality which reflected how well they adapted to their post-retirement life. Analysis of self-administered questionnaires from 75 retired athletes suggested that important reasons for their retirement were difficulties in coordinating sport and study or working demands, and physiological (e.g., injury, age) and financial reasons. Most of them perceived the transition out of sport as a smooth experience. Financial, physiological and burnout (tired of the lifestyle) reasons for retirement were found to be significantly negatively associated with athletes’ general life satisfaction. The more they retired due to the three kinds of reasons, the less satisfied they felt toward their current life.
近年來對於運動員退役的研究越來越多，特別是在西方國家，但是對於香港運動員退役的研究相對較少。本研究調查了香港精英運動員退役的原因及這些原因對他們適應退役後生活的狀況及總體生活滿意度的影響。根據75份問卷分析發現大多數香港精英運動員退役是由於難以協調運動訓練與工作或學習的時間，以及生理和經濟的原因。較多受訪者認為退役轉型的過程較為順利。研究還發現，出於經濟原因、生理原因(例如：傷病、年齡)、和厭倦運動訓練生活而退役，對於運動員退役後總體生活滿意度，有顯著的影響。而出於這三種原因而退役的運動員，對自己的總體生活滿意度則較低。
Effects of Fructose-Electrolyte-Antioxidant Vitamin Commercial Sports Drink Ingestion on Muscle Damage and Energy Metabolic Response during Exhaustive Exercise
Authors: CHAN Kuei Hui , LIN Sin Yin , LIU Jen Fang , HSU Mei Chich 
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of drinking a fructose -electrolyte- antioxidant vitamin commercial sports drink on muscle damage and energy metabolic response. A randomized double-blind controlled cross-over study was designed. Eight untrained healthy males completed twice cycling exercise of 70% VO2 max until exhaustion. During exercise subjects took of 170 mL commercial sports drink or placebo every 15 min. Concentrations or activities of CK, CK-MB, glucose, lactate, SOD, GSH and MDA+4-HNE in blood were measured pre-exercise (Pre-Ex), at 30 min during exercise (Ex-30), and exhaustion (Post-Ex). There were no significant differences in the antioxidant status parameters between the two treatment groups. However, the CK and CK-MB activities at Post-Ex in the supplement group were significantly lower than the values in the placebo group. The plasma lactate concentration at Ex-30 in the supplement group was significantly lower than that in the placebo group (5.6±3.4 vs 7.1±3.4 mmol/L, p<0.05). The blood glucose concentration at Post-Ex in the supplement group was significantly higher than the value in the placebo group (6.2±1.4 vs 4.710.5 mmol/ L, p<0.05). In conclusion, ingesting the commercial sports drink used in this study alters energy metabolic response during exercise and may attenuate the degree of muscle cell damage.
本研究之目的在探討攝取含果糖、電解質及抗氧化維生憲的市售飲料對肌肉損傷及能量代謝反應的影響。研究以8位未受過訓練的健康男性為對象，採雙盲、交叉設計。受試者以70% VO2 max的強度進行腳踏車運動至力竭，運動期間每15分鐘補充170毫升的市售飲料或安慰劑，並於運動前、運動中30分鐘及運動採集血液測量其中之肌酸激酶、葡萄糖、乳酸、超氧化物歧化酶、穀胱甘肽及丙二醛。結果顯示二組間之抗氧化能力並無差異，但補充劑組在運動後的CK及CK-MB活性與運動中30分鐘的血乳酸值均顯著低於安慰劑組(p<0.05)；且運動後的血糖值亦顯著高於安慰劑組(6.2 ±1.4 vs 4.7 ±0.5 mmol/L，p<0.05)。此結果證實補充市售之運動飲料可改變運動中的能量代謝反應及減少肌肉損傷。
Evaluation Model for Teaching Quality of Physical Education
Authors: HUNG Chang Hung , SU Jung Chi , CHEN Wen Tzung 
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
This study seeks to build an evaluation model for physical education. Based on the concept of physical education quality, the questionnaire for physical education is constructed. Binominal probability distribution theory is applied to evaluate the proportion of the degree of importance and satisfaction for physical education. To evaluate the quality of physical education, the PZB concept proposed by Parasurman, Zeithaml and Berry (1985) is used to test the difference between the proportion of the degree of importance and satisfaction. Each quality performance item of education could be evaluated by figuring out the difference between the proportion of the degree of importance and satisfaction, therefore the improvement or correction could be taken if needed.
本研究旨在建構一套體育教學品質評量模式，首先以體育教學品質概念作為體育教學品質問卷建構的基礎，並以二項分配理論衡量體育教學要項的重視度比例與滿意度比例，接著以PZB服務品質落差的概念，檢驗滿意度比例與重視度比例的落差，來評估體育教學品質的良窳。教學單位只須依教學品質要項的滿意度比例及重視度比例的落差，即可評量出各教學要項的品質績效，並針對須要改進的要項進行改善。
Analysis on History and Cultural Background of Chinese Tai Chi Soft Ball
Authors: LI En jing , LAM Michael Huen sum , LOUIE Lobo , LI Sam Sai sum 
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
Tai Chi Soft Ball is a young Chinese sport with distinctive ethnic characteristics. It has profound cultural connotation and philosophy, and blends traditional sport and modern competitive sport into a unity. Deeply rooted in traditional Chinese culture, the sport developed rapidly in the last 20 years, and loved by people all over the world. The aims of this paper are to provide 1) a comprehensive historical and cultural background of Tai Chi Soft Ball and; 2) a solid theoretical foundation for this ancient but young sport and; 3) systematic review on Tai Chi Soft Ball in scientific evidence based research.
太極柔力球是一項由中國人發明的，具有深厚文化內涵和哲理，融傳統(太極)運動方式與現代競技雙重特徵於一體，具有鮮明民族特色的新興體育運動項目。太極柔力球運動的產生正是受到中國傳統文化的深刻影響，才能在短短的20年時間裡成井噴式發展，並為世界各國人民所喜愛。此文章全面研究太極柔力球運動產生的歷史文化背景，以及有系統地回顧世界各地太極柔力球運動的循證研究，為這一既古老又年輕運動的發展尋找更加堅實的理論基礎。
Preliminary Study on Primary Physical Educators' Attitudes toward Integrated Physical Education: Hong Kong Perspectives
Authors: LI Chunxiao , CHEN Shihui , TSOI Wing See Emily 
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
The aim of the survey was to examine the attitudes of general primary PE teachers toward integrated PE and the relationships of gender, teaching experience, and class size. Eighty three teachers participated in the survey. The results indicated a neutral attitude towards integrated PE by teachers. There was a significant difference between male and female teachers in their perception of whether “students with disabilities like my teaching” (p = 0.018), but no significant differences with other attitudes by gender. There was a significant difference between teachers’ teaching experiences and their perceptions of whether “Little support offered to integrated PE” (p = 0.006), however, no significant differences with other items by experience. There was also a relationship between perceived teaching competency and class size (p < 0.001, r = 0.454). The results were mainly discussed in relation to teaching competency, support, teaching experience and class size.
本研究的目的在於探討香港主流小學體育教師融合體育教學態度。83位小學體育教師回應了本次調查。通過分析發現教師對於融合體育教學持較為中立的態度。文章最後主要對融合體育態度與教學效能，支援，教學經驗和班級大小的關係進行了討論。
Coaching Behaviours and Philosophy of High Performance Secondary School Basketball Coaches
Authors: CRUZ Albert 
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.
The purpose of the study was to examine the coaching behaviours and philosophy of four high performance secondary school basketball coaches during their in-season practice sessions. A mixed-method approach was used to identify the coaching behaviours used by the four coaches in the practice environment and to generate an insight into the rationales that underpinned their use. They were videotaped and observed coaching four practice sessions with their own teams. The videotaped sessions were coded using the Arizona State University Observation Instrument (ASUOI) (Lacy & Darst, 1984). Data generated by the ASUOI provided information of the percentages of coaching behavioral categories of the coaches. The four coaches were interviewed after their practice sessions. Qualitative data were collected through field observations and interviews. Constant comparison and analytic induction were used to organize and categorize the data. Data analyzing attempted to provide explanations and rationales for their coaching behaviours and philosophy in the practice sessions. Findings of the study helped to provide a more holistic understanding of the coaching behaviours and philosophy of high performance basketball coaches. This information is invaluable and significant in the training and advancement of both apprentice and veteran coach in basketball as well as other sports areas.
本研究目的是探究四位出色表現中學籃球教練在賽季訓練時的教練行為及哲學理念。研究方法是採用混合模式去識別教練行為及其背後理念。教練被錄影及觀察四節球隊訓練課。訓練課利用ASUOI觀察系統分析教練行為及提供行為百分比資料。四位教練於訓練課後接受訪談。以持續比較法分析歸納訪談及觀察數據說明教練行為及哲學理念原因。研究結果協助全面理解教練行為及哲學理念。此等資料對於培訓新手及經驗籃球教練及其他運動教練圽為重要。
Practices of Hong Kong Primary Physical Education Teachers after Four Years of Teaching
Authors: CRUZ Alberto 
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.
Teachers may change their teaching practices and develop differently during their teaching lives. Occupational socialization model was used as the theoretical framework of this study. The purpose of this study was to examine the teaching practices of three primary physical education teachers after four years of teaching and seek explanations for the practices. A mixed-methods approach was used to collect data in the study. The participants were videotaped and observed teaching four ball game lessons in their own schools. The lessons were coded using the Physical Education Teacher Assessment Instrument. Data generated were compared to lessons observed four years before using the same categories. Qualitative data were collected through lesson observations and interviews before and after they taught. Constant comparison and analytic induction were used to organise and categorise the data. The trustworthiness of the study was established by using triangulation, peer debriefing and member checking. The results indicate that the teachers adjusted their teaching focus and modified their practices after four years. Explanations are given here for the modifications of practice. The findings provide invaluable information for physical education teacher educators in the preparation of both pre-service and in-service physical education teachers.
本研究旨在探討三位小學體育教師四年教學後的教學實踐。資料以混合研究法蒐集。參與者會被觀察錄影四課球類教學。教學以體育教師評估工具分析。數據會與四年前所觀察比較。質量數據是透過課堂觀察及教學前後訪談收集。資料以持續比較及分析歸納組織和分類。研究信實度以三角檢正、同儕審視和參與者檢核建立。結果顯示四年後教師調整修改教學焦點及實踐，研究員探討其調整實踐原因。此等為培育職前和在職體育教師的寶貴資料。
Do School Administrators Know What Practices are Appropriate in Physical Education?
Authors: BARNEY David , PRUSAK Keven A. 
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.
The purpose of this study was to investigate school administrators’ knowledge of appropriate instructional practices in physical education. For this study 130 k-12 school administrators from two states in the United States were surveyed regarding their knowledge of appropriate instructional practices in physical education. University Institutional Review Board granted approval to conduct this study. Surveys were sent electronically to the school administrators to take. At the completion of the survey the school administrators were able to click a submit button and have the surveys returned to the researchers. It was found that school administrators identified dodge ball, relay races and elimination tag as an appropriate instructional practice. Also, full-sided games (30 students divided into two teams) were appropriate for students to participate in. These instructional practices are considered inappropriate for students to participate in. The implications of this study are to inform school administrators what practices are appropriate and inappropriate. It is hoped that physical educators and school administrators will work together to see that appropriate instructional practices are taught in physical education, thus benefitting students to become competent in their participation in physical activity.
本研究的目的是探討學校管理者對體育的教學實踐知識。在這項研究中，邀請兩個州份的130位 K-12學校行政人員進行調 查，並獲大學機構審查委員會准許進行這項研究。調查以電子方式發送給學校管理者採取。結果發現，學校的管理者確定躲避球和接力賽作為適當的教學實踐。希望體育教師和學校管理者將共同努力，看到合適的體育教學實踐，從而惠及學生參與體能活動。
High pH, Low Alkalinity Pond Water Used for Overhead Irrigation Does Not Affect Plant Growth of Select Flowering Shrubs1
Authors: LeBude A.V. , Owen J.S. , Holmes C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In southeast U.S., pH of source water from ponds used for overhead-irrigating container crops can exceed the range (pH 5.8-7.0) for best management practices. Artificially maintaining this pH range is not common among producers using surface water for irrigation, nor is it known whether this would affect growth. Therefore, the objective was to test whether this source water affects growth of five flowering shrubs in nurseries in eastern North Carolina. Pond water at six nurseries with a pH range of 4.9-8.1 (control) was injected before irrigation with sulfuric acid (lower) or potassium bicarbonate (raise) onsite to maintain a pH of 5.8-6.2 (treatment). Ambient photosynthesis (Aambient) and stomatal conductance (gs) was measured in July, August, and September on leaves of forsythia (Forsythia x intermedia 'Mindor‘ ShowOff®) during irrigation runtime mini-experiments at three nurseries. For mini-experiments, pre- and post-treatment physiology was measured for plants receiving 0 (hand watered), 30, or 60 minutes of treated or nontreated overhead irrigation. Dry weight of all shrubs and gas exchange of forsythia was not affected by high pH, low alkalinity (&lt;100 ppm) irrigation water. Southeastern producers using this source water for overhead irrigation may not need to adopt a system that reduces pH to improve growth.
Index words:, Container-grown, plant physiology, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, ornamental.
Chemicals used in this study: Potassium bicarbonate, sulfuric acid.
Species used in this study: fragrant abelia, Zabelia tyaihyonii (Nakai) Hisauti & H.Hara 'SMNAMDS‘ Sweet Emotion®; butterfly bush, Buddleia x ‘Miss Molly'; border forsythia, Forsythia x intermedia ‘Mindor‘ Show Off®; panicled hydrangea, Hydrangea paniculata Siebold ‘SMHPLQF' Little Quick Fire®; landscape rose, Rosa x ‘ChewPatout' Oso Easy®.
نص ڕه‌نگڤه‌دانا گرێیا(لبیدۆ-Libido)د چیڕۆكێن(ئیسماعیل هاجانى)دا كۆمه‌له‌ چیڕۆكا(شه‌ڤا فریشته‌ ڕه‌ڤین)وه‌كو نموونه‌
Authors: Tahir Nzar S. , Ahmad Hariwan M. 
Published: March 2021

ئه‌ڤ ڤه‌كۆلینه‌ هه‌ولدانه‌كه‌ ژ بۆ نیشاندانا بابه‌تێ گرێیا (لبیدۆ)ى ژ ڕوانگه‌یا زانستێ ده‌روونناسییا ئه‌ده‌بیڤه‌ و ب تایبه‌ت ژ ڕوانگه‌یا بۆچوونێن زانا(فروید)یڤه‌ و پڕاكتیزه‌كرنا ئه‌وێ ل سه‌ر ده‌قێ چیڕۆكان. هه‌لبه‌ت ئه‌ڤ جۆره‌ گرێیه‌ ب ڕه‌نگه‌كێ به‌رفرهه‌ د ناڤ هونه‌ریدا ب گشتى و ده‌قێن ئه‌ده‌بیدا ب تایبه‌تى دهێنه‌ ڕه‌نگڤه‌دان و شرۆڤه‌كرنا ئه‌ڤان جۆره‌ گرێیان دبیته‌ ڕێكه‌ك بۆ ڕه‌خنه‌گرى، تاكو بشێت زێده‌تر نێزیكى واتایا بابه‌تێ ده‌قێ ئافراندى ببیت.
ئه‌ڤ ڤه‌كۆلینا ب ناڤونیشانێ "ڕه‌نگڤه‌دانا گرێیا" لبیدۆ-Libido" د چیڕۆكێن "ئیسماعیل هاجانى" دا، كۆمه‌له‌ چیڕۆكا "شه‌ڤا فریشته‌ ڕه‌ڤین" وه‌كو نموونه‌. ل سه‌ر سێ به‌شان هاتییه‌ دابه‌شكرن. به‌شێن ئێكێ و دووێ ژ بۆ باسكرنا ته‌وه‌رێ تیۆرى هاتینه‌ ته‌رخانكرن و د ناڤدا باسێ تێگه‌ه و پێناسه‌یا ده‌روونناسییا ئه‌ده‌بى و گرنگترین قۆتابخانه‌یێن ده‌روونناسى هاتییه‌كرن، هه‌رۆه‌سا باسێ بنه‌مایێن تیۆرا ده‌روونناسییا فرویدى ژى هاتییه‌كرن، كو ژ ڕوانگه‌ها خۆیاكرنا گرێیا لبیدۆیڤه‌ هاتینه‌ نیشاندان. به‌شێ سێیێ بۆ ته‌وه‌رێ پڕاكتیكێ ڤه‌كۆلینێ هاتییه‌ ته‌رخانكرن و ب ڕه‌نگه‌كێ پڕاكتیكى گرێیا لبیدۆى د ناڤ ده‌قێن چیڕۆكێن كۆمه‌له‌ چیڕۆكێدا هاتینه‌ شرۆڤه‌كرن و ل دووماهییێ ئه‌ڤ ڤه‌كۆلینه‌ گه‌هه‌شتییه‌ هندێ، كو گرێیا لبیدۆى د ناڤ هه‌شت چیڕۆكاندا هاتییه‌ ڕه‌نگڤه‌دان و نڤێسه‌ر شیایه‌ ب ڕێكا به‌رجه‌سته‌كرنا ئه‌ڤێ گرێیێ ئاماژه‌یێ بده‌ته‌ چه‌ندین بابه‌تێن جڤاكى وه‌ك (نه‌خوینه‌ده‌وارى، ژیانا ساده‌یا گوندان). دیسان شیایه‌ پانتایییه‌كا واتایى بده‌ته‌ بابه‌تێ چیڕۆكان و خۆیابوویه‌، كو ئه‌و گرێیه‌ ده‌ربڕینه‌كا ڕاسته‌وخۆ ژ حه‌زێن كپكرییێن ئه‌وان كه‌سایه‌تییان كرییه‌ د ناڤ چیڕۆكاندا.
"UPGRADING EMOTIONS THROUGH COLORS IN PAINTING"
Authors: Verma Mamta 
Published: March 2021

Colors have special importance in keeping the emotions alert in the painting. Colors help us in the euphoria of our feelings of happiness, sorrow, excitement, euphoria etc. Colors are helpful in the morphological representation of human emotions. The color is not only the color of the picture, it also expresses the solar heat of the spring, the roaring of the clouds and the fountains of the soil soaked by rain. When the element of color is understood, then black color also fills the light of knowledge. That is why prehistoric humans used mineral colors to engrave their emotions on the rock, in which ocher, ramaraj, coal, chariot and hirauji, etc. are the main colors. In fact, these colors were the basis for the display of prehistoric human expressions.
चित्रकला में भावनाओं को सजग रखने में रंगो का विशेष महत्व होता है। रंग हमारे सुख-दुख उत्तेजना, भय, उल्लास आदि सभी भावनाओं के उद्वीपन में सहायक होते है। रंग मनुष्य के मनोभावों के रूपात्मक प्रस्तुतिकरण में सहायक होते है। रंग केवल चित्र की रंगत ही नही है, यह बसन्त के सौरभ को सूर्य के उत्ताप को, मेघों के गर्जन को और वर्षा से भीगी मिट्टी के सौधंे पन को भी व्यंजित करते है। रंग का तत्व जब समझ में आ जाता है तो काला रंग भी ज्ञान का आलोक भर देता है। इसलिये तो प्रागौतिहासिक मानव ने अपने मनोभावो को शिला पर उकेरने के लिए खनिज रंगो का प्रयोग किया जिसमें गेरू, रामरज, कोयला, खड़िया एवं हिरौजी, आदि प्रमुख रंग है। वास्तव में ये रंग प्रागौतिहासिक मानव के भावों के प्रदर्शन का मूलाधार थे।
Rainbow-colored in nature
Authors: Gaekwad Aasha 
Published: March 2021

Our nature is adorned with many colors. All the colors of the rainbow are spread in nature. Each color has its own different effect. With our favorite color, we can get complete information about the mentality of an individual world.The color of light - Why do we get different colors in the rainbow? This fact was discovered in 1665 by Newton. He had succeeded in getting his seven ingredients on the screen after passing through the prism of white light. When the sun passes through the prism of light, the seven-color group formed on the screen by the rays of the sun is called the spectrum of white light - purple, purple, blue, green, yellow, orange and red. This phenomenon of dividing the seven elements of white light into colors is called varna paranpana.
हमारी प्रकृति अनेक रंग¨ से सजी हुई है। प्रकृति में फैल्¨ हुए सभी रंग इन्द्रधनुष अपने में समेटे हुए है। हर रंग का अपना अलग प्रभाव ह¨ता है। अपने मनपसंद रंग से किसी व्यंिक्त विष्¨ष की मानसिकता की जानकारी हम पूर्ण रुप से प्राप्त कर सकते हैं ।प्रकाष का वर्ण विक्ष्¨पण -इन्द्रधनुष में विभिन्न रंग हमे क्य¨ं प्राप्त ह¨ते है इस तथ्य की ख¨ज सन 1665 में न्यूटन द्वारा की गई थी। उन्ह¨ने ष्वेत प्रकाष क¨ प्रिज्म से गुजारने पर उसके सात अवयवी रंग¨ क¨ परदे पर प्राप्त करने में सफलता प्राप्त की थी। सूर्य के प्रकाष क¨ प्रिज्म में से गुजारने पर निर्गत किरण¨ं द्वारा परदे पर बनाये सात रंग¨ के समूह क¨ ष्वेत प्रकाष का वर्णक्रम कहते हैं - बैंगनी, जामुनी, नीला, हरा, पीला, नारंगी अ©र लाल रंग। ष्वेत प्रकाष के सात अवयवी रंग¨ में विभक्त ह¨ने की इस घटना क¨ वर्ण विक्ष्¨पण कहते है।
COLOR COMBINATION IN MUGHAL PAINTING
Authors: Mahobia Usha 
Published: March 2021

The history of Indian painting has been very rich and detailed since ancient times. Prior to Muslim aggression, Jain, Buddhist and Hindus donated their yoga in the field of painting. Ajanta painting is famous in the world, and these paintings were made in the Gupta period on which naturally made colors have been used.Significant changes took place in painting in the medieval period, Iranian influence is seen in the painting of the Sultanate period. Vibrant colors were used in paintings of courtly paintings, veena, sitar, dress, ornaments etc. With which the pictures appear to be lively, lively. And blue, green, and golden colors have been used beautifully in these paintings.
प्राचीन समय से ही भारतीय चित्रकला का इतिहास बहुत समृद्ध विषाल एवं विस्तृत रहा है। मुस्लिम आक्र्रमण से पूर्व जैन, बौद्ध एवं हिन्दुओ ने चित्रकला के क्षंेत्र में अपना योग दान दिया। अजंता चित्रकला विष्व में प्रसिद्ध है, और इन चित्रो का निर्माण गुप्त काल मेे हुआ जिन पर प्राकृतिक रूप से बने रंगो का प्रयोग किया गया है।मध्यकाल मे चित्रकला मै महात्वपूर्ण परिवर्तन आये, सल्तनत काल की चित्रकला मै ईरानी प्रभाव देखने को मिलता है। दरबारी चित्र, वीणा, सितार, वेषभूषा, आभूषण आदि के चित्रो में सजीव रंगो का प्रयोग किया गया । जिनसे चित्र सजीव, जीवंत प्रतीत होते हैै। और इन चित्रो में नीले, हरे, और सुनहरे रंगो का प्रयोग बंेहद खूबसूरती से किया गया है।
COLOR REVOLUTIONS AND THE INDIAN ECONOMY
Authors: Saxena Anjana 
Published: March 2021

Colors not only express emotion, but they also symbolize development in the economy. The Indian economy is a direct proof of this. In a colorless economy, color revolutions have done the task of enhancing (developing) its beauty. Green, yellow, blue, golden, white, pink etc. adorned with many colors, the Indian economy is spreading its iridescent colors all around. History testifies that revolutions run with a great resolve and if the efforts are firm with them, they will surely succeed. Symbolic colors related to various objects appeared in the form of colorful revolutions combined with a resolution.
रंग न केवल भावों की अभिव्यक्ति करते हैं वरन् वे अर्थव्यवस्था में विकास के प्रतीक भी हैं। भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था इसका प्रत्यक्ष प्रमाण है। रंगहीन अर्थव्यवस्था में रंगीन क्रांतियों ने रंग भरकर उसका सौंदर्य निखारने (विकसित करने) का कार्य किया है। हरा, पीला, नीला, सुनहरा, सफेद, गुलाबी आदि कई रंगों से सजी भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था अपने इंद्रधनुषी रंग चारों ओर बिखेर रही है। इतिहास साक्षी है कि क्रांतियाँ एक विराट संकल्प लेकर चलती हैं और उसके साथ यदि प्रयास दृढ़ हो तो वे निष्चित रूप से सफल होती है। विभिन्न वस्तुओं से संबंधित प्रतीकात्मक रंग एक संकल्प के साथ जुड़कर रंगीन क्रांतियों के रूप में प्रकट हुये।