bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hallelujah Moments
Authors: Cordes Eugene H. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This work provides eleven stories of drug discovery and features the scientists who made them. The outcome of the discovery work has provided novel therapies in cancer, cardiovascular medicine, antibacterial and antiviral infectious diseases, parasitic diseases, metabolic diseases, and weight control. Each story begins with the basic biomedical science that revealed the pathway to effective drug therapy and continues with the step-by-step process that leads from insight to a product in clinical practice meeting a defined medical need. The tales feature creative problem-solving by clever and dedicated scientists as they overcame roadblocks to success, hallelujah moments. Each drug discovery story reflects the interface between basic science, medicine, and drug discovery. Embedded in these tales are the societal and medical environments in which drug discovery takes place, the discovery of agents to treat HIV/AIDS, for example. Finally, a series of appendices provides basic chemical background for non-scientists.
The conquest of hepatitis C: telaprevir and beyond
Authors: Cordes Eugene H. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Taking one pill a day for 8–12 weeks cures 98%–99% of the cases of chronic hepatitis C infections. This is one of the compelling success stories of biomedical research and drug discovery. The discovery of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) as the infective agent opened the doors to unraveling its life cycle and the identification of multiple molecular targets for drug discovery. One such target is HCV protease, an enzyme, among others, essential for virus replication. Several pharmaceutical companies, including Vertex, launched projects to find inhibitors of this enzyme. The Vertex effort overcame multiple problems and created an inhibitor known as telaprevir and marketed as Incivek. Incivek was a remarkable market entry with sales of a billion dollars in its first year. However, the success story was short-lived as Gilead Sciences came up with remarkable combination drugs for Hepatitis C. including Harvoni. Being first with a much improved product is not a guarantee of long-term success.
The Edges of Consent
Authors: Graybill Rhiannon 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The notion of consent plays a key role in many analyses of sexual violence, in both the biblical text and the contemporary world. However, consent is both insufficient and insufficiently feminist as a framework for describing and combating rape and sexual violence. After tracing six major difficulties with consent, the chapter turns to a close reading of three biblical rape stories, suggesting that these texts are better approached as fuzzy, messy, and icky. This point is reinforced via close readings of three rape stories: Dinah (Gen 34), Tamar (2 Sam 13), and Lot’s daughters (Gen 19). The interpretation offered here employs four new tactics, set forth in the previous chapter: refusing to claim a position of innocence, resisting paranoid reading positions, tracing sticky affect, and reading through literature. The result is a more flexible, sensitive, and illuminating reading of biblical sexual violence than is possible under a framework of consent.
Narrating Harm in the Bathsheba Story
Authors: Graybill Rhiannon 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The story of Bathsheba and David (2 Sam 11) is increasingly recognized as a story of coercion and rape. However, this judgment often relies on either a notion of consent (critiqued in the previous chapter) or a model of harm organized around the sexual predator (that is, David preys on Bathsheba). This chapter proposes a new model of harm: peremption. Adopted from Joseph J. Fischel’s work on sexual harm, peremption describes an unlimited limiting of future possibility. It also avoids forcing sexual violence into a predator/prey model. In 2 Samuel 11, Bathsheba is both perempted by narrative (in her silencing and erasure) and perempted by masculinity (David’s flourishing comes at the expense of women). She also perempts others, chiefly Abishag. Approaching Bathsheba’s story through peremption reveals a rich portrait of harm without limiting analysis to the question of “was it or wasn’t it rape?” in 2 Samuel 11:2–5.
Sad Stories and Unhappy Reading
Authors: Graybill Rhiannon 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Phyllis Trible’s Texts of Terror continues to dominate feminist approaches to biblical sexual violence, especially stories of extreme violence or misogyny. However, Trible’s approach, which she describes as “telling sad stories,” fails to capture what is fuzzy, messy, and icky about sexual violence. In its place, this chapter argues for “unhappy reading” that holds space for complexity and unhappiness. Building on Sara Ahmed’s work on unhappiness in The Promise of Happiness, unhappy reading concentrates on the difficulties in our reading processes, and in the stories themselves. The chapter demonstrates the difference between approaches via a close analysis of Judges 19, the rape and murder of the Levite’s concubine. While well intentioned, the “telling sad stories” approach collapses the difference between rape and murder and attempting to speak “on behalf of” the dead woman. An unhappy reading, in contrast, lingers with the unhappiness of the story, transforming the challenge it poses to feminist reading into a space of possibility.
The Demes
Authors: Paga Jessica 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis chapter focuses on monumental building in the demes (villages and towns) of the Attic countryside. In total, twelve demes and one independent sanctuary are considered. The deme structures include sacred buildings and civic or infrastructure projects, such as fortification walls and theatral areas. After mapping the demes with building activity, the chapter shows that a pattern of border articulation emerges. This attention to the borders, when combined with the shift toward the use of the demotic, highlights the role of deme identity and autonomy under the reforms, as well as the integration of the demes with the wider polis.
Buildings and Democracy
Authors: Paga Jessica 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis final chapter addresses the links between the built environment as outlined in the previous chapters and the historical context of the early democracy. In total, as many as forty-five monumental structures were built in a twenty-eight-year period. This represents an incredibly high level of coordination, exploitation of resources, and financial expenditure that Athens had not seen prior to this. This chapter, therefore, draws attention to the economic ramifications of such building activity, before turning to a consideration of the term “building program” and what it implies about demotic agency. The chapter concludes by evaluating what the building activity tells us about the state of the new government system in the Late Archaic period.
Introduction
Authors: Carpenedo Manoela 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Introduction is a fieldwork extract exploring one day in the community that is the object of this study. The data highlight issues such as fieldwork access and description of liturgy and rituals among the Judaizing Evangelicals in Brazil. Research questions are introduced and include the following: How can one understand the adoption of Jewish rituals, dress, and even adherence to biblical Jewish laws by former Charismatic Evangelicals? What motivates this austere Judaizing tendency in Charismatic Christianity? This is followed by a discussion on research positionality and the research methodology utilized and a brief outline of the chapters.
Religious Conversion
Authors: Carpenedo Manoela 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter explores the theme of religious conversion. Drawing on current social scientific debates, it investigates the religious trajectories of Judaizing Evangelical women and their previous identification with Charismatic Evangelicalism. The chapter also examines the reasons behind these women’s estrangement from Charismatic Evangelicalism. It explores how their desire for Christian “purification” and “reformation” transformed them into willing subjects of a strict moral order characterized by ritual rigidity, intense biblical study, and a strong sense of communal identity. The chapter argues that these women’s incorporation of Jewish elements aims to rebuild the authenticity of Christianity while distinguishing them from Charismatic Evangelicalism and its perceived scriptural inaccuracy, moral permissiveness, and materialism.
Imagined Pasts, Identity, and Ethnicity in Religious Change
Authors: Carpenedo Manoela 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter explains why this community’s attempts at Christian reformation have taken them down to the path of Judaism. By exploring themes related to imagined pasts, identity, and ethnicity, it investigates the sociocultural logics and historical arguments that support the community’s connection with Judaism. For instance, the chapter analyzes how the community mobilizes a Jewish ethnic identity, as descendants of the Bnei Anussim—Iberian Sephardi Jews forced to convert to Christianity during the Inquisition, who migrated to Latin America in the seventeenth century. It is argued that the allusion to a hidden “Jewish” collective memory—either imagined or real—plays an important role in this community’s dramatic Judaizing Evangelical process. The chapter ends by problematizing the utilitarian reasons for this community’s identification with Judaism and Jewishness.
Conclusion
Authors: Carpenedo Manoela 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The conclusion summarizes the main arguments of the book. It explores themes such as the rationale of the Judaizing Evangelical revival and how it relates with wider discussions of religious change. It debates how social markers gender and ethnicity are intertwined in the case of the Judaizing Evangelicals in Brazil. At the micro level, it reveals how former Charismatic Evangelical women gradually adopt a set of religious norms in their daily lives through a curious negotiation of their Charismatic Evangelical pasts and the strict rules of Orthodox Judaism. At the macro level, describes the birth of a new tendency within Christianity that differs from similar Christian philo-Semitic movements such as Messianic Judaism and Christian Zionism. It concludes by stating how the rise of Judaizing Evangelicalism pushes forward key issues related to contemporary Christian philo-Semitism and World Christianities. Rather than an emic concept, it suggests that Judaizing Evangelicalism should be understood as an analytical concept that describes an unique interaction between Jewish and Christian monotheisms.
Bless You for Charlie Brown
Authors: Ball Blake Scott 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Schulz was always a Christian artist, but beginning in the late 1950s he started being more overt about his faith. After attending a 1957 Billy Graham Crusade meeting in New York City, Schulz was convinced that he needed to say more about Christianity in his work. Linus became the vehicle for discussing faith and theology. During this period, Peanuts began to appear in Christian sermons across denominations. It was even the subject of a bestselling book on Christian theology in 1965. The culmination of this personal mission was the success of the first Peanuts television special, A Charlie Brown Christmas, which sought to combat rising commercialism by recentering the Nativity in the public celebration of the holiday.
The Virtues of Separability and Locality
Authors: Ney Alyssa 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis chapter presents the argument for wave function realism that it is the only realist interpretation of quantum theories that can maintain a fundamentally separable and local metaphysics. It is commonly seen as a consequence of entanglement and Bell’s Theorem that quantum mechanics entails quantum nonseparability and nonlocality. Yet although all rival realist ontological interpretations of quantum mechanics involve either a nonseparable or a nonlocal fundamental metaphysics, the metaphysics of wave function realism is fundamentally both separable and local, although the view also makes room for nonfundamental nonseparability and nonlocality. The chapter considers several arguments that could explain why one should prefer interpretations of quantum theories that are separable and local, and concludes with a defense of intuitions in quantum interpretation.
The Conservation of Renewable Resources
Authors: Perrings Charles 
Published: May 2021

AbstractChapter 4 further develops the theory of the conservation of living systems. Natural resource management problems are analyzed using optimal control methods. Natural resources are the state variables of the problem and management instruments are control variables. Management might include harvest, culling, restocking, reseeding, and replanting, or interventions affecting, for example, the fire regime, hydrological flows, the structure of habitats, the functioning of the system, and the ecosystem processes involved. The chapter considers three types of systems: aquatic systems, forest systems, and rangelands. It shows how the methods developed to model conversion/conservation decisions in all cases embed the Hotelling arbitrage condition. It shows how the level of conservation in each type of system is impacted by access rules, and the array of benefits obtained from the system.
The Valuation of Environmental Goods and Services
Authors: Perrings Charles 
Published: May 2021

AbstractChapter 5 introduces the concept of value, and the methods used to obtain estimates of the value of scarce environmental goods and services—particularly the provision, cultural, and regulating ecosystem services. It discusses the concept of social opportunity cost, and shows how the concept informs our understanding of the trade-offs involved in application of the equimarginal principle. It clarifies the relation between the income and substitution effects of changes in value, compensating and equivalent variation, and the willingness to pay or willingness to accept. Valuation methods discussed include both revealed preference (travel cost, averting behavior, hedonic price, production function, replacement cost) and stated preference (contingent valuation, contingent behavior, choice modeling) approaches. The valuation of biodiversity is approached through the regulating ecosystem services, using a portfolio approach to the management of uncertainty. The chapter shows how managers may select which species to conserve so as to balance environmental risk and the benefits from ecosystems.
The Valuation of Environmental Assets
Authors: Perrings Charles 
Published: May 2021

AbstractChapter 6 examines the value of environmental assets, which lies in the discounted stream of services they offer. Their conservation depends on the expected rate of change in their value, if conserved, relative to the rate of return on alternative assets. This chapter considers how the portfolio of environmental assets—natural capital—has been valued at the national scale. The two main approaches adopted are the United Nations’ System of Environmental-Economic Accounts (SEEA), and the World Bank’s (Inclusive) Wealth Accounts. The authors consider both approaches, and what they mean for the sustainability and the efficiency of natural resource use. Particular attention is paid to the residual left over after taking account of all marketed inputs in production: total factor productivity.
Environmental Externalities
Authors: Perrings Charles 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMany of the environmental changes that threaten biodiversity are negative externalities of agriculture, forestry, industrial production, infrastructural development, and urban growth. Examples include climate change, habitat loss and fragmentation, and the spread of pests and pathogens. Chapter 9 considers the nature of environmental externalities: whether they are public or private, whether unidirectional or reciprocal, and how they relate to wider environmental and socioeconomic conditions. It also considers the instruments available to internalize externalities at different scales, either by confronting those whose actions harm others with the full cost of the actions, or by compensating those whose actions confer benefits on others. Instruments discussed include the assignment of property rights, regulations and legal controls, and economic instruments such as pollution charges or payments for ecosystem services.
Conservation in the Future
Authors: Perrings Charles 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe final chapter considers the factors likely to influence the value of species and ecosystems to individual users and the wider community in the future, including the factors likely to drive a wedge between the value of ecosystems to individual users or individual communities and to the rest of the world. It reviews environmental trends identified by the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, and economic trends identified by organizations such as the World Bank. Using the European Union’s subsidiarity principle as a guide, the chapter discusses the optimal scale at which to manage future conservation challenges, and the implications this has for governance. It concludes by applying the discussion to four issues of particular concern: forest conversion, the loss of landraces and crop wild relatives, marine capture fisheries, and emerging infectious zoonoses.
Sosipatra of Pergamum
Authors: Marx Heidi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The story of Sosipatra of Pergamum (fourth century ce) as told by her biographer, Eunapius of Sardis in his Lives of the Philosophers and Sophists, is a remarkable tale. It is the story of an elite young girl from the area of Ephesus, who was educated by traveling spirits (daemons), and who grew up to lead her own philosophy school on the west coast of ancient Asia Minor. She was also a prophet of sorts, channeling divine messages to her students, family, and friends, capable of mentally viewing events that were happening in other locations, and foretelling the future. This volume is the first sustained, book-length, attempt to tell the story of this mysterious woman. It presents a rich contextualization of the brief, sketchy, and highly fictionalized portrait provided by Eunapius
Introduction
Authors: Marx Heidi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This book is about Sosipatra of Pergamum, a female philosopher who lived in the fourth century ce, a time when the Roman world was undergoing remarkable political, cultural (in particular religious), and even economic changes. Born into a wealthy family near Ephesus, Sosipatra played a critical role in exemplifying the kind of philosophical life that would best allow for the continued existence of Iamblichan Platonism in a Christianized world where the more problematic aspects of theurgy were downplayed or effaced in favor of an approach that maintained a clear understanding of cosmic hierarchy, despite believing humans can participate in divinity in a number of ways. She also acted as a point of critical contrast to the Christian ideal of the virginal or celibate female ascetic, as she married and had children. She ultimately led her own philosophy school in Pergamum.
Sosipatra as a Child and Student
Authors: Marx Heidi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter describes what the early life of Sosipatra might have been like. It reviews the handful of details Eunapius gives about her early years and unique education by itinerant Chaldean daemons and contextualizes these by considering how other girls of Sosipatra’s class and time might have been raised and educated. To understand her education and life, it helps to know three principles about the ancient worldview: events are shaped by external invisible forces; events and actions are the products of multiple interacting agents; and all things, human and nonhuman, visible and invisible, seek to be brought into accord. Education in this Platonic lineage ideally meant assimilation to the cosmos in general and to divinity in particular.
Sosipatra as a Wife, Mother, and Widow
Authors: Marx Heidi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter explores what Sosipatra’s late adolescent/early adult life might have been from her betrothal to Eustathius to the time when she began teaching in Pergamum. It describes family life for someone such as Sosipatra. It will endeavor to answer questions such as what her household responsibilities would have been, what difficulties and dangers she may have faced in bringing her children into the world and bringing them up, what role might she have played in their education, and so forth. It uses what is known from the late ancient eastern Empire about adolescence, betrothal, marriage, childbirth and childrearing, and widowhood to weave a plausible picture of the life of Sosipatra.
Whites Are the Largest Racial Group Experiencing Poverty
Authors: Rank Mark Robert , Eppard Lawrence M. , Bullock Heather E. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chapter 5 looks at the racial composition of the poverty population, along with the risk of poverty by race. With respect to composition, the largest racial category of people living in poverty are Whites. On the other hand, the risk of poverty is much higher for African Americans, Hispanics, and Native Americans. The same pattern is found for the use of welfare programs. Finally, the role of media in perpetuating the myth that most people in poverty are non-White is discussed. Challenging myths that surround race and poverty will require not only debunking racist stereotypes but also providing accurate media coverage of poverty and social welfare programs.
Decision-Making Is Constrained for Those With Fewer Resources
Authors: Rank Mark Robert , Eppard Lawrence M. , Bullock Heather E. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chapter 8 reviews how decision-making is constrained for those in poverty. It is often assumed that poverty is the result of poor decision-making. However, for those experiencing poverty, the decision-making choices are often constrained. In particular, the socioeconomic context is paramount in this process. Those with greater socioeconomic resources will be able to exert greater agency in determining the course of their lives, while those with fewer resources will struggle to do so. Several examples are given, including job decision-making and marriage and childbearing decision-making. Also discussed is that decision-making may be impaired as a result of less available psychological bandwidth due to the stress and anxieties associated with poverty.
The Moral Ground to View Poverty Is Injustice
Authors: Rank Mark Robert , Eppard Lawrence M. , Bullock Heather E. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chapter 12 examines poverty through the lens of injustice. Poverty has traditionally been understood as a failure at the individual level. The poor have thus been viewed as undeserving of support. Examples of using the broad brush of individual blame to paint the poor as undeserving can be found across a wide spectrum. One of the pernicious results of this myth is that it provides a comfortable justification for doing nothing to address poverty. In contrast, this chapter argues that poverty is a condition resulting largely from a failure at the structural level. The appropriate moral grounds to view poverty should be one of injustice, rather than blame.