bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Reactivity of Uranyl Superoxide
Authors: Kravchuk Dmytro V. , Dahlen Nicholas N. , Kruse Samantha J. , Malliakas Christos D. , Shand Paul M. , Forbes Tori Z. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe high radiation field associated with spent nuclear fuel (UIVO2) pellets produces an array of reactive radical species that impact the corrosion and formation of secondary alteration phases. Dioxygen radicals are important as radiolysis products, but the interaction between these reactive oxygen species and UVIO22+ and its effects on the resultant alteration phases is unclear. We report the first example of a UVI superoxide compound and explore its reactivity in the environments relevant to the storage of spent nuclear fuel. We utilized X‐ray diffraction and Raman scattering techniques to demonstrate that the uranyl superoxide reacts with CO2 in air to afford a mixed uranyl peroxide/carbonate within 3 days, both in solution and under atmospheric conditions. An additional transformation occurs over the course of 3 months to form a potassium UVI carbonate (grimselite), which also occurs as an alteration product on Chernobyl corium. Our results demonstrate the presence and significance of the superoxide anion in the alteration of spent nuclear fuel and indicate the impact of uranyl superoxide chemistry on high prevalence of carbonate in the secondary phases of spent nuclear fuel.
Recent advances of natural fibers based green rubber composites: Properties, current status, and future perspectives
Authors: Roy Kumarjyoti , Debnath Subhas Chandra , Pongwisuthiruchte Aphiwat , Potiyaraj Pranut 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe searching of suitable alternatives to petroleum‐based fillers is an uncompromising challenge in present day rubber research. Recently, natural fibers are the part of great attention of both academic and industrial researchers due to their easy availability, environmental friendliness, and biodegradability. Natural fiber is cellulose‐rich material, which is preferentially used as alternative filler in rubber technology. This article reviews current advances in natural fibers filled rubber composites in terms of mechanical, thermal, and biodegradable properties (2010–2020). The incorporation of unmodified natural fibers as filler is not able to offer desired reinforcement in rubber composites. Several surface modification methods can be introduced to improve the overall performances of natural fibers filled rubber composites. Finally, the review clarifies present status and future prospects of natural fibers based advanced rubber composites in automobile industry. The successful designing of natural fibers based sustainable rubber composites can introduce a new era in green rubber technology.
Prostaglandin production by the microalga with heterologous expression of cyclooxygenase
Authors: Maeda Yoshiaki , Tsuru Yuki , Matsumoto Nana , Nonoyama Tomomi , Yoshino Tomoko , Matsumoto Mitsufumi , Tanaka Tsuyoshi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractProstaglandins (PGs) are the physiologically active compounds synthesized from C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) by cyclooxygenase (COX) and a series of PG synthases, and are utilized as pharmaceuticals. Currently, commercialized PGs are mainly produced by chemical synthesis under harsh conditions. By contrast, bioproduction of PGs can be an alternative, environmental‐friendly, and inexpensive process with genetic engineering of model plants, although these conventional host organisms contain a limited quantity of PG precursors. In this study, we established an efficient PG production process using the genetically engineered microalga Fistulifera solaris which is rich in C20 PUFAs. A cox gene derived from the red alga Agarophyton vermiculophyllum was introduced into F. solaris. As a result, a transformant clone with high cox expression produced PGs (i.e., PGD2, PGE2, PGF2α, and 15‐ketoPGF2α derived from arachidonic acid, and PGD3, PGE3, and PGF3α derived from eicosapentaenoic acid) as revealed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. The total content of PGs was 1290.4 ng/g of dry cell weight, which was higher than that produced in the transgenic plant reported previously. The results obtained in this study indicate that the C20 PUFA‐rich microalga functionally expressing COX is a promising host for PG bioproduction.
microRNA‐129 overexpression in endothelial cell‐derived extracellular vesicle influences inflammatory response caused by myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Zheng Shiyu , Wang Lishuang , Ma Hongyan , Sun Feng , Wen Fuxing 
Published: April 2021

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) have the potency to function as modulators in the process of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. This investigation was performed to decipher the mechanism of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs)‐derived EVs in myocardial I/R injury with the involvement of microRNA‐129 (miR‐129). HUVECs‐secreted EVs were collected and identified. An I/R mouse model was developed, and cardiomyocytes were used for vitro oxygen‐glucose deprivation/reperfusion model establishment. Differentially expressed miRNAs in myocardial tissues after EV treatment were assessed using microarray analysis. The target relationship between miR‐129 and toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) was identified using a dual‐luciferase assay. Gain‐ and loss‐function studies regarding miR‐129 were implemented to figure out its roles in myocardial I/R injury. Meanwhile, the activation of the nuclear factor‐kappa‐binding (NF‐κB) p65 signaling and NOD‐like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome was evaluated. EVs diminished the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and the secretion of inflammatory factors, and all these trends were reversed by miR‐129 reduction. miR‐129 bound to the 3′‐untranslated region of TLR4 directly. The NF‐κB p65 signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome were abnormally activated after I/R injury, whose impairment after EVs was partially restored by miR‐129 downregulation. This study illustrated that EVs could carry miR‐129 to mitigate myocardial I/R injury via downregulating TLR4 and disrupting the NF‐κB signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome.
Controlling for activity‐dependent genes and behavioral states is critical for determining brain relationships within and across species
Authors: Biegler Matthew T. , Cantin Lindsey J. , Scarano Danielle L. , Jarvis Erich D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe genetic profile of vertebrate pallia has long driven debate on homology across distantly related clades. Based on an expression profile of the orphan nuclear receptor NR4A2 in mouse and chicken brains, Puelles et al. (The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 2016, 524, 665–703) concluded that the avian lateral mesopallium is homologous to the mammalian claustrum, and the medial mesopallium homologous to the insula cortex. They argued that their findings contradict conclusions by Jarvis et al. (The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 2013, 521, 3614–3665) and Chen et al. (The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 2013, 521, 3666–3701) that the hyperpallium densocellare is instead a mesopallium cell population, and by Suzuki and Hirata (Frontiers in Neuroanatomy, 2014, 8, 783) that the avian mesopallium is homologous to mammalian cortical layers 2/3. Here, we find that NR4A2 is an activity‐dependent gene and cannot be used to determine brain organization or species relationships without considering behavioral state. Activity‐dependent NR4A2 expression has been previously demonstrated in the rodent brain, with the highest induction occurring within the claustrum, amygdala, deep and superficial cortical layers, and hippocampus. In the zebra finch, we find that NR4A2 is constitutively expressed in the arcopallium, but induced in parts of the mesopallium, and in sparse cells within the hyperpallium, depending on animal stimulus or behavioral state. Basal and induced NR4A2 expression patterns do not discount the previously named avian hyperpallium densocellare as dorsal mesopallium and conflict with proposed homology between the avian mesopallium and mammalian claustrum/insula at the exclusion of other brain regions. Broadly, these findings highlight the importance of controlling for behavioral state and neural activity to genetically define brain cell population relationships within and across species.
Magnetic Resonance Detection of Gas Microbubbles via HyperCEST: A Path Toward Dual Modality Contrast Agent
Authors: McHugh Christian T. , Durham Phillip G. , Kelley Michele , Dayton Paul A. , Branca Rosa T. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGas microbubbles are an established clinical ultrasound contrast agent. They could also become a powerful magnetic resonance (MR) intravascular contrast agent, but their low susceptibility‐induced contrast requires high circulating concentrations or the addition of exogenous paramagnetic nanoparticles for MR detection. In order to detect clinical in vivo concentrations of raw microbubbles via MR, an alternative detection scheme must be used. HyperCEST is an NMR technique capable of indirectly detecting signals from very dilute molecules (concentrations well below the NMR detection threshold) that exchange hyperpolarized 129Xe. Here, we use quantitative hyperCEST to show that microbubbles are very efficient hyperCEST agents. They can accommodate and saturate millions of 129Xe atoms at a time, allowing for their indirect detection at concentrations as low as 10 femtomolar. The increased MR sensitivity to microbubbles achieved via hyperCEST can bridge the gap for microbubbles to become a dual modality contrast agent.
Infrared and NMR Spectroscopic Fingerprints of the Asymmetric H7+O3 Complex in Solution
Authors: Kozari Eve , Sigalov Mark , Pines Dina , Fingerhut Benjamin P. , Pines Ehud 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the groups of Prof. Ehud Pines (BGU, Israel) and Dr. Benjamin Fingerhut (MBI, Berlin). The image shows a scientist integrating experiments with theory for resolving the structural diffusion of the aqueous proton in acetonitrile providing a novel view on the Grotthuss mechanism. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/cphc.202001046.
Copper(I) Complexes of P‐Stereogenic Josiphos and Related Ligands
Authors: Arthurs Ross A. , Dean Alice C. , Hughes David L. , Richards Christopher J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractStarting from (R)‐Ugi's amine, diastereoselective lithiation followed by Ar'PCl2 and then Ar’’MgBr led to the generation, as single diastereoisomers, of (R,Sp,Sphos) [Ar’=Ph, Ar’’=o‐Tol] and (R,Sp,Rphos) [Ar’=o‐Tol, Ar’’=Ph] PPFA ligand derivatives. Amine substitution of both with HPCy2 gave P‐stereogenic Josiphos ligands, and then addition of CuCl, the corresponding copper(I) complexes. The latter were also generated by using borane P and N protecting groups and in situ Cu(I) complexation, avoiding the isolation of air‐sensitive phosphine intermediates. This protection methodology was also applied to the synthesis of Josiphos/CuCl complexes derived from PCl3. In addition, related bulky cobalt‐sandwich complex‐based derivatives were also obtained. Preliminary investigation revealed isolated CuCl complexes as competent catalyst precursors for enantioselective conjugate addition reactions.
In Situ Preparation of Palladium Nanoparticles for C‐2 Selective Arylation of Indoles in Agro‐Waste Extract Based Mixed Solvents
Authors: Sun Yajun , Wang Rui , Liu Tianxiang , Jin Weiwei , Wang Bin , Zhang Yonghong , Xia Yu , Liu Chenjiang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAn efficient and practical method for the in situ generation of palladium nanoparticles was successfully established in a water extract of pomelo peel ash. The produced palladium nanoparticles were characterized by energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy elemental mapping, field emission scanning electron microscopy, high‐resolution transmission electron microscope, X‐ray powder diffraction, and showed high catalytic activity for selective C‐2 arylation of indoles. A series of 2‐arylindoles were smoothly installed in moderate to good yields through the direct palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions of indoles and iodoarenes without external ligand, base, oxidant, and preinstallation directing group.
A roadmap for bio‐medical waste management research
Authors: Shwetmala Kashyap , Arkalgud Ramaprasad , Anilkumar Munikrishnappa 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBio‐Medical waste is solid or liquid waste generated from healthcare activities. Bio‐Medical waste management (BMWM) is necessary to protect local community health and environment, to reduce its financial loss and to preserve its social and aesthetic values. BMWM encompasses the waste generation, segregation, collection, transportation, processing and disposal. The BMWM system is complex and challenging. The research on BMWM must address the complexity for the solutions to be effective. We present an ontology of BMWM to visualize the complexity of the system and analyse it systematically. The research corpus of all the 184 articles from Scopus on BMWM is mapped onto the ontology. Ontological and theme maps are generated to highlight the emphases and gaps in the research. The results show the roadmap of BMWM research with the dominant emphasis on its functional elements and outcomes. There is little emphasis on the composition of the waste, the stakeholders and the policy instruments that guide and regulate the system. Correcting the biases in the present research corpus will help develop effective research and practice. This review results can be used to develop a roadmap for research to improve the BMWM system.
Initiation of psychotropic medication in hospitalized patients with COVID‐19: Association with clinical and biological characteristics
Authors: Capuzzi Enrico , Caldiroli Alice , Leo Silvia , Buoli Massimiliano , Clerici Massimo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionInpatients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) show a high rate of neuropsychiatric manifestations, possibly related to a higher risk of serious illness or death. Use of psychotropic medications (PMs) indicates the presence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in COVID‐19 patients. So far, potential clinical predictors of use of PMs have not been much investigated. In order to extend research in this area, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of PM prescription among a sample of inpatients with COVID‐19 and to find potential predictors of initiation of PMs in these individuals.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional single‐center study, conducted during the first outbreak peak in a hospital of northern Italy. Information on socio‐demographic characteristics, comorbidities, routine blood test, use of potential COVID‐19 treatments, and length of stay were retrieved from medical records.ResultsData were available for 151 inpatients. Forty‐seven of them (31.1%) started at least one prescription of a PM. PM prescription was significantly inversely associated with lymphocyte and platelet counts. A significant association was also found for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).ConclusionOur findings suggest that the initiation of PMs could be common among COVID‐19 inpatients. Lymphocyte and platelet counts as well as LDH levels may reflect neuropsychiatric complications of COVID‐19.
Challenges of irrigation water distribution from the viewpoint of socio‐hydraulic relations*
Authors: Delfan Azari Morteza , Parvaresh Rizi Atefeh 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEvaluation of the hydraulic performance of irrigation structures should be used in proper planning of water distribution and the removal of social tensions at water user level. There are several hydraulic indicators that could be interpreted based on social realities. In this study, besides determination of water distribution and conveyance indicators of the Behbahan irrigation scheme, social status was investigated in relation to them. Accordingly, adequacy, dependability and equity indicators in this scheme are poor. Meanwhile, 54% of water users are not satisfied with the performance of water delivery. Based on the questionnaires, training about water distribution is the main request by water users. In this research with a different view about the evaluation of irrigation schemes, existing problems were described from the social perspective. The adequacy indicator is in good condition upstream of the network, while in downstream it is about 40%. Although the knowledge and awareness of water users upstream and downstream are almost equal, only 50% of downstream water users have a relative desire to participate in water services (68% for upstream water users) and their satisfaction is within 20% (62% for upstream water users). Finally, evaluation of hydraulic indicators will be completed and will solve more problems, by considering the social roots of the results.
Exploring factors related to supportive housing tenure and stability for people with serious mental illness
Authors: Leickly Emily , Townley Greg 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOverall, the retention of people with serious mental illness (SMI) in supportive housing is high. However, some supportive housing settings report average stays of only 15 months, and others report declines in housing retention over time. Many studies report variables associated with supportive housing stability and tenure, but there are few extensive, focused investigations on the subject. Hence, a literature review was conducted to investigate factors associated with supportive housing stability and tenure among people with SMI. The review of the included 28 papers reveals that the factors associated with supportive housing stability and tenure fell into two general categories of individual factors (including psychiatric factors and prior homelessness), and contextual factors (including program characteristics and sense of community and social support). In conclusion, further focus on contextual factors, as well as a potential reframing of individual factors as contextual, may be helpful in addressing issues related to supportive housing stability and tenure for people with SMI.
Individual and social‐psychological factors to explain climate change efficacy: The role of mindfulness, sense of global community, and egalitarianism
Authors: Scafuto Francesca 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article focused on the study of individual and social‐psychological determinants of a sense of efficacy on climate change mitigation. A correlational study investigated the predictive role of mindfulness, egalitarianism, risk concern, knowledge, and psychological sense of global community (PSGC). An online survey was administrated to US College students (N = 277). The main predictors of climate change response efficacy (CCRE) were PSGC and egalitarianism, followed by risk concern and climate knowledge. Among the facets of mindfulness, observing, and describing were the only ones associated with CCRE. The results found that mindfulness observing predicted response efficacy both directly and through the mediation of risk concern and sense of global community. Conversely, egalitarianism was not a significant mediator. Community psychologists should promote a sense of belonging to all humanity, and a more egalitarian view of the world, beyond risk concern, to increase climate efficacy. Training the skill of mindfulness observing could be a way to produce a sense of global community and affect climate change efficacy.
Human antigen R promotes lung fibroblast differentiation to myofibroblasts and increases extracellular matrix production
Authors: Al‐Habeeb Fatmah , Aloufi Noof , Traboulsi Hussein , Liu Xingxing , Nair Parameswaran , Haston Christina , Azuelos Ilan , Huang Steven K. , White Eric S. , Gallouzi Imed E. , Di Marco Sergio , Eidelman David H. , Baglole Carolyn J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a disease of progressive scarring caused by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and activation of α‐SMA‐expressing myofibroblasts. Human antigen R (HuR) is an RNA binding protein that promotes protein translation. Upon translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, HuR functions to stabilize messenger RNA (mRNA) to increase protein levels. However, the role of HuR in promoting ECM production, myofibroblast differentiation, and lung fibrosis is unknown. Human lung fibroblasts (HLFs) treated with transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1) showed a significant increase in translocation of HuR from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. TGF‐β‐treated HLFs that were transfected with HuR small interfering RNA had a significant reduction in α‐SMA protein as well as the ECM proteins COL1A1, COL3A, and FN1. HuR was also bound to mRNA for ACTA2, COL1A1, COL3A1, and FN. HuR knockdown affected the mRNA stability of ACTA2 but not that of the ECM genes COL1A1, COL3A1, or FN. In mouse models of pulmonary fibrosis, there was higher cytoplasmic HuR in lung structural cells compared to control mice. In human IPF lungs, there was also more cytoplasmic HuR. This study is the first to show that HuR in lung fibroblasts controls their differentiation to myofibroblasts and consequent ECM production. Further research on HuR could assist in establishing the basis for the development of new target therapy for fibrotic diseases, such as IPF.
Rapid responses of adipocytes to iron overload increase serum TG level by decreasing adiponectin
Authors: Tang Yuxiao , Wang Dongyao , Zhang Hongwei , Zhang Yinyin , Wang Jie , Qi Ruirui , Yang Jianxin , Shen Hui , Xu Yan , Li Min 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIron overload is tightly connected with metabolic disorders. Excess iron in the adipose and its roles in dyslipidemia are of interest to be identified. In acute iron overload mice receiving intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg/day dextran‐iron for 5 days, the epididymis adipose showed a remarkable increase in iron. Serum triglyceride and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) levels were increased and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) level was decreased, while serum alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, glucose, and insulin were not affected. The serum‐cytokine‐microarray showed that adipocytokines, including adiponectin, leptin, and resistin were significantly decreased. Other serum cytokines, including pro‐insulin cytokines, inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors were not changed, except that ghrelin and chemokine RANTES were increased. Iron overload decreased expressions of adiponectin and leptin both in vivo and in vitro. Intraperitoneal injection of recombinant leptin at 1 μg/g in acute iron overload mice had no significant effects on serum levels of TC, TG, HDL‐C, and LDL‐C, while intraperitoneal injection of recombinant adiponectin at 3 μg/g partially restored serum TG level through improving activities of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase, but abnormal serum LDL‐C and HDL‐C were not redressed, suggesting other mechanisms also existed. In conclusion, the adipose responds to iron overload at an early stage to interfere with lipid metabolism by secreting adipocytokines, which may further affect glucose metabolism, inflammation, and other iron overload‐induced effects on the body.