bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
End‐diastolic segmentation of intravascular ultrasound images enables more reproducible volumetric analysis of atheroma burden
Authors: Erdogan Emrah , Huang Xingru , Cooper Jackie , Jain Ajay , Ramasamy Anantharaman , Bajaj Retesh , Torii Ryo , Moon James , Deaner Andrew , Costa Christos , Garcia‐Garcia Hector M. , Tufaro Vincenzo , Serruys Patrick W. , Pugliese Francesca , Mathur Anthony , Dijkstra Jouke , Baumbach Andreas , Zhang Qianni , Bourantas Christos V. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundVolumetric intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) analysis is currently performed at a fixed frame interval, neglecting the cyclic changes in vessel dimensions occurring during the cardiac cycle that can affect the reproducibility of the results. Analysis of end‐diastolic (ED) IVUS frames has been proposed to overcome this limitation. However, at present, there is lack of data to support its superiority over conventional IVUS.ObjectivesThe present study aims to compare the reproducibility of IVUS volumetric analysis performed at a fixed frame interval and at the ED frames, identified retrospectively using a novel deep‐learning methodology.MethodsIVUS data acquired from 97 vessels were included in the present study; each vessel was segmented at 1 mm interval (conventional approach) and at ED frame twice by an expert analyst. Reproducibility was tested for the following metrics; normalized lumen, vessel and total atheroma volume (TAV), and percent atheroma volume (PAV).ResultsThe mean length of the analyzed segments was 50.0 ± 24.1 mm. ED analysis was more reproducible than the conventional analysis for the normalized lumen (mean difference: 0.76 ± 4.03 mm3 vs. 1.72 ± 11.37 mm3; p for the variance of differences ratio < 0.001), vessel (0.30 ± 1.79 mm3 vs. −0.47 ± 10.26 mm3; p < 0.001), TAV (−0.46 ± 4.03 mm3 vs. −2.19 ± 14.39 mm3; p < 0.001) and PAV (−0.12 ± 0.59% vs. −0.34 ± 1.34%; p < 0.001). Results were similar when the analysis focused on the 10 mm most diseased segment. The superiority of the ED approach was due to a more reproducible detection of the segment of interest and to the fact that it was not susceptible to the longitudinal motion of the IVUS probe and the cyclic changes in vessel dimensions during the cardiac cycle.ConclusionsED IVUS segmentation enables more reproducible volumetric analysis and quantification of TAV and PAV that are established end points in longitudinal studies assessing the efficacy of novel pharmacotherapies. Therefore, it should be preferred over conventional IVUS analysis as its higher reproducibility is expected to have an impact on the sample size calculation for the primary end point.
Redo‐aortic valve replacement in prior stentless prosthetic aortic valves: Transcatheter versus surgical approach
Authors: Choi Charles H. , Cao Kevin , Malaver Diego , Kincaid Edward H. , Lata Adrian , Kon Neal , Belford P. Matthew , Gandhi Sanjay K. , Applegate Robert J. , Zhao David X. M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe objective was to compare outcomes of redo‐aortic valve replacement (AVR) via surgical or transcatheter approach in prior surgical AVR with large percentage of prior stentless surgical AVR.BackgroundWith the introduction of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), patients with increased surgical risks now have an alternative to redo surgical AVR (SAVR), known as valve‐in‐valve (ViV) TAVR. Stentless prosthetic aortic valves present a more challenging implantation for ViV‐TAVR given the lack of structural frame.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study of 173 subjects who have undergone SAVR (N = 100) or ViV‐TAVR (N = 73) in patients with prior surgical AVR at Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center from 2009 to 2019. Our study received the proper ethical oversight.ResultsThe average ages in redo‐SAVR and ViV‐TAVR groups were 58.03 ± 13.86 and 66.57 ± 13.44 years, respectively (p < 0.0001). The redo‐SAVR had significantly lower STS (2.78 ± 2.09 and 4.68 ± 5.51, p < 0.01) and Euroscores (4.32 ± 2.98 and 7.51 ± 8.24, p < 0.05). The redo‐SAVR group had higher percentage requiring mechanical support (8% vs. 0%, p < 0.05) and vasopressors (53% vs. 0%, p < 0.0001), longer length of stay (13.65 ± 11.23 vs. 5.68 ± 7.64 days, p < 0.0001), and inpatient mortality (16% vs. 2.78%, p < 0.005). At 30‐day follow‐up, redo‐SAVR group had higher rates of acute kidney injury (10% vs. 0%, p < 0.01), however ViV‐TAVR group had more new left bundle branch blocks (6.85% vs. 0%, p < 0.05). No significant differences regarding re‐hospitalization rates, stroke, or death up to 1‐year.ConclusionAlthough the ViV‐TAVR group had higher risk patients, there were significantly fewer procedural complications, shorter length of stay, and similar mortality outcomes up to 1‐year follow‐up.
Intramolecular C−H Amination of N‐Alkylsulfamides by tert‐Butyl Hypoiodite or N‐Iodosuccinimide
Authors: Kiyokawa Kensuke , Jou Keisuke , Minakata Satoshi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract1,3‐Diamines are an important class of compounds that are broadly found in natural products and are also widely used as building blocks in organic synthesis. Although the intramolecular C−H amination of N‐alkylsulfamide derivatives is a reliable method for the construction of 1,3‐diamine structures, the majority of these methods involve the use of a transition‐metal catalyst. We herein report on a new transition‐metal‐free method using tert‐butyl hypoiodite (t‐BuOI) or N‐iodosuccinimide (NIS), enabling secondary non‐benzylic and tertiary C−H amination reactions to proceed. The cyclic sulfamide products can be easily transformed into 1,3‐diamines. Mechanistic investigations revealed that amination reactions using t‐BuOI or NIS each proceed via different pathways.
Seven‐Membered Cyclic Potassium Diamidoalumanyls
Authors: Schwamm Ryan J. , Hill Michael S. , Liu Han‐Ying , Mahon Mary F. , McMullin Claire L. , Rajabi Nasir A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe seven‐membered cyclic potassium alumanyl species, [{SiNMes}AlK]2[{SiNMes}={CH2SiMe2N(Mes)}2; Mes=2,4,6‐Me3C6H2], which adopts a dimeric structure supported by flanking K‐aryl interactions, has been isolated either by direct reduction of the iodide precursor, [{SiNMes}AlI], or in a stepwise manner via the intermediate dialumane, [{SiNMes}Al]2. Although the intermediate dialumane has not been observed by reduction of a Dipp‐substituted analogue (Dipp=2,6‐i‐Pr2C6H3), partial oxidation of the potassium alumanyl species, [{SiNDipp}AlK]2, where {SiNDipp}={CH2SiMe2N(Dipp)}2, provided the extremely encumbered dialumane [{SiNDipp}Al]2. [{SiNDipp}AlK]2reacts with toluene by reductive activation of a methyl C(sp3)‐H bond to provide the benzyl hydridoaluminate, [{SiNDipp}AlH(CH2Ph)]K, and as a nucleophile with BPh3and RN=C=NR (R=i‐Pr, Cy) to yield the respective Al‐B‐ and Al‐C‐bonded potassium aluminaborate and alumina‐amidinate products. The dimeric structure of [{SiNDipp}AlK]2can be disrupted by partial or complete sequestration of potassium. Equimolar reactions with 18‐crown‐6 result in the corresponding monomeric potassium alumanyl, [{SiNDipp}Al−K(18‐cr‐6)], which provides a rare example of a direct Al−K contact. In contrast, complete encapsulation of the potassium cation of [{SiNDipp}AlK]2, either by an excess of 18‐cr‐6 or 2,2,2‐cryptand, allows the respective isolation of bright orange charge‐separated species comprising the ‘free’ [{SiNDipp}Al]−alumanyl anion. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations performed on this moiety indicate HOMO‐LUMO energy gaps in the of order 200–250 kJ mol−1.
Fuzzy artificial bee colony‐based CNN‐LSTM and semantic feature for fake product review classification
Authors: Jacob Minu Susan , Selvi Rajendran P. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryIn recent years, online reviews are considered as the most significant resource for consumers to make a decision regarding the purchase of a particular product. The reviews can either encourage or relegate a product; therefore posting fake reviews has turned into a money‐spinning business in the modern period. The detection of fake reviews has become a center of attraction for various business people. This research study aims in detecting fake product reviews using four significant phases namely the data pre‐processing, feature extraction, feature selection, and classification. The features obtained in the pre‐processing phase are extracted and selected using chi‐squared technique to obtain a delegate subset among all data and to reduce the complication issues. Then a CNNLSTM‐FABC approach classifies and detects the review as fake or real. Finally, the performance evaluation and the comparative analysis are carried out to determine the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The results reveal that the proposed approach performs well irrespective of the product type and sentiment polarity.
Obliquely propagating ion‐acoustic shock waves in a degenerate quantum plasma
Authors: Islam M.K. , Biswas S. , Chowdhury N.A. , Mannan A. , Salahuddin M. , Mamun AA 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA theoretical investigation has been carried out on the propagation of non‐linear ion‐acoustic shock waves (IASHWs) in a magnetized degenerate quantum plasma system composed of inertial non‐relativistic positively charged light and heavy ions, inertialess non‐relativistically or ultra‐relativistically degenerate electrons and positrons. The reductive perturbation method has been employed to derive the Burgers' equation. It has been observed that under consideration, our plasma model supports only positive potential shock structure. It is also found that the amplitude and steepness of the IASHWs have been significantly modified by the variation of ion kinematic viscosity, oblique angle, number density, and charge state of the plasma species. The results of our present investigation will be helpful for understanding the propagation of IASHWs in white dwarfs and neutron stars.
Source‐sum‐power minimization in multiple‐sensor single‐AF relay‐based IoT networks with outage constraints and under hardware impairments and imperfect CSI
Authors: Kharwar Preeti , Yadav Suneel , Purohit Neetesh , Do Dinh Thuan 
Published: August 2021

SummaryThis paper investigates the optimal power allocation to minimize the source‐sum‐power consumption of Internet of Things networks in the presence of transceiver hardware impairments and imperfect channel estimates, where N single‐antenna sensors communicate with a single‐antenna destination via a single‐antenna half‐duplex amplify‐and‐forward relay. We assume that the consideration of remote‐area wireless sensor application restricts the direct communication between the sensors and destination. Specifically, we first derive the exact and asymptotic outage probability expressions under hardware impairments and imperfect channel estimates over Rayleigh fading channels. Then, we formulate and evaluate an optimization problem for source‐sum‐power minimization taking both the power and outage constraints into account in the presence of transceiver hardware impairments and imperfect channel estimates with the help of Karush‐Kuhn‐Tucker conditions. The numerical results corroborate our theoretical findings and demonstrate the optimality of the considered system. Moreover, our results reveal that (i) the system's diversity order reduces to zero because of the irreducible error floor occurs from the fixed channel estimation errors, (ii) the source‐sum‐power consumption reduces with the increased maximum available relay power and increases as the number of sensor nodes increases, (iii) the hardware impairments and imperfect channel estimates significantly increase the source‐sum‐power consumption, and (iv) the proposed source‐sum power minimization scheme can optimize the performance of the considered system. Also, we compare our proposed optimal power allocation scheme with the uniform power allocation scheme, from which it is shown that the proposed scheme is better than the uniform one irrespective of the involved parameters. Furthermore, we compare our proposed scheme with some existing approaches, such as time division scheme and decode‐and‐forward relay scenario, in terms of outage probability and source‐sum‐power minimization.
Feasibility study for detection of retinal amyloid in clinical trials: The Anti‐Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic Alzheimer's Disease (A4) trial
Authors: Ngolab Jennifer , Donohue Michael , Belsha Alison , Salazar Jennifer , Cohen Paula , Jaiswal Sandhya , Tan Veasna , Gessert Devon , Korouri Shaina , Aggarwal Neelum T. , Alber Jessica , Johnson Ken , Jicha Gregory , van Dyck Christopher , Lah James , Salloway Stephen , Sperling Reisa A. , Aisen Paul S. , Rafii Michael S. , Rissman Robert A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe retina and brain exhibit similar pathologies in patients diagnosed with neurodegenerative diseases. The ability to access the retina through imaging techniques opens the possibility for non‐invasive evaluation of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. While retinal amyloid deposits are detected in individuals clinically diagnosed with AD, studies including preclinical individuals are lacking, limiting assessment of the feasibility of retinal imaging as a biomarker for early‐stage AD risk detection.MethodsIn this small cross‐sectional study we compare retinal and cerebral amyloid in clinically normal individuals who screened positive for high amyloid levels through positron emission tomography (PET) from the Anti‐Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic Alzheimer's Disease (A4) trial as well as a companion cohort of individuals who exhibited low levels of amyloid PET in the Longitudinal Evaluation of Amyloid Risk and Neurodegeneration (LEARN) study. We quantified the number of curcumin‐positive fluorescent retinal spots from a small subset of participants from both studies to determine retinal amyloid deposition at baseline.ResultsThe four participants from the A4 trial showed a greater number of retinal spots compared to the four participants from the LEARN study. We observed a positive correlation between retinal spots and brain amyloid, as measured by the standardized uptake value ratio (SUVr).DiscussionThe results of this small pilot study support the use of retinal fundus imaging for detecting amyloid deposition that is correlated with brain amyloid PET SUVr. A larger sample size will be necessary to fully ascertain the relationship between amyloid PET and retinal amyloid both cross‐sectionally and longitudinally.
Naringenin inhibits autophagy and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition of human lens epithelial cells by regulating the Smad2/3 pathway
Authors: Li Qingnan , Liu Shuang , Yang Guang , Li Mingming , Qiao Peng , Xue Qiang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCataract is the number one cause of blindness in the world. Fibrosis of the lens is the main cause of cataract. Pathological epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in the development of fibrotic cataract. Inhibition of EMT may be an effective treatment for fibrosis of lens epithelial cells. Naringin (NRG) is one of the major citrus flavonoids, which has many pharmacological properties, including anti‐inflammatory and cardioprotective. However, the effect of NRG on cataract induced by abnormal fibrosis of LECs is not clear. Herein, we found NRG inhibited transforming growth factor β2 (TGFβ2)‐induced SRA01/04 cell viability. Additionally, NRG inhibited TGFβ2‐induced cell migration and EMT. We further noticed that NRG inhibited autophagy and Smad2/3 phosphorylation in LECs. We therefore thought Naringenin inhibited autophagy and EMT of human LECs by regulating the Smad2/3 pathway. NRG could therefore serve as a promising drug for cataract treatment.
The impact of alkali‐ion intercalation on redox chemistry and mechanical deformations: Case study on intercalation of Li, Na, and K ions into FePO4 cathode
Authors: Özdogru Bertan , Koohbor Behrad , Çapraz Ö. Özgür 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBatteries made of charge carriers from Earth‐crust abundant materials (e.g., Na, K, and Mg) have received extensive attention as an alternative to Li‐ion batteries for grid storage. However, a lack of understanding of the behavior of these larger ions in the electrode materials hinders the development of electrode structures suitable for these large ions. In this study, we investigate the impact of alkali ions (Li, Na, and K) on the redox chemistry and mechanical deformations of iron phosphate composite cathodes by using electrochemical techniques and in situ digital image correlation. Na‐ion and Li‐ion intercalation demonstrate a nearly linear correlation between electrochemical strains and the state of charge and discharge. The strain development shows nonlinear dependance on the state of charge and discharge for K ions. Strain rate calculations show that K ion intercalation results in a progressive increase in the strain rate for all cycles. Li and Na intercalation induce nearly constant strain rates with the exception of the first discharge cycle of Na intercalation. When the same amount of ions are inserted into the electrode, the electrode shows the lowest strain generation upon Li intercalation compared to larger alkali ions. Na and K ions induce similar volumetric changes in the electrode when the state of charge and discharge is around 30%. Although the electrode experiences larger absolute strain generation at the end of the discharge cycles upon Na intercalation, strain rates were found to be greater for K ions. Potential‐dependent behaviors also demonstrate more sluggish redox reactions during K intercalation, compared to Li and Na. Our quantitative analysis suggests that the strain rate, rather than the absolute value of strain, is the critical factor in amorphization of the crystalline electrode.
The flame retardancy of ionic liquid functionalized graphene oxide in unsaturated polyester resins
Authors: Gao Ming , Guo Guozheng , Chai Zhihua , Yi Deqi , Qian Lijun 
Published: August 2021

SummaryGraphene oxide (GO) was prepared from graphite powder by the classic Hummers method, and modified by 1‐N‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (IL) and 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550) to obtain ionic liquid functionalized graphene oxide (ILGO). ILGO, compounded with traditional flame retardants (ammonium polyphosphate and expandable graphite), was used in unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) to enhance the flame retardancy. The flame retardant property and thermal degradation of the UPR composites were analyzed by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL‐94, cone calorimeter test (CCT), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results show that there is an obvious synergism between ILGO and the traditional flame retardants. The LOI value of UPR‐4 containing ILGO reaches 28.2% and passes V‐0 of UL‐94, and UPR‐4's the initial temperature (Ti), maximum degradation temperature (Tmax), and residual carbon greatly increase. The experimental data shows that ILGO can promote UPR to form more residual carbon during combustion, enhance thermal stability, and make the material not easy to decompose. The morphology of carbon layer measured after CCT was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). SEM images show that the surface of char layer of UPR‐4 containing ILGO becomes smoother, flatter and denser, compared with UPR containing only flame retardants. The cohesiveness and compact structure residual carbon can effectively prevent the oxygen, combustible gas, and heat transfer between the flame zone and the base material to reduce flammability.
Shyness and social–emotional development among Chinese children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Xinyi , Lau Carrie , Yang Yi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractShyness, which is characterized by social withdrawal behaviours and approaching‐withdrawal conflicted social motivations, is suggested to influence children's social–emotional development. This study examined the association between shyness and social–emotional development among Chinese children aged 3 to 12. A systematic search of both Chinese and international databases for relevant research between 1990 and 2020 yielded 23 studies (n = 9,009 children), which were systematically reviewed. Among them, 15 studies (n = 6,303 children) were included in the meta‐analyses. Results from random‐effects models indicated that shyness was positively associated with internalizing problems (), externalizing problems (), peer victimization (), and asocial behaviours (), and negatively associated with peer preference ( and school social competence (for school‐aged children ; for preschool children ) in the Chinese context. Further, analyses revealed that the relationship between shyness and social–emotional development was moderated by children's characteristics (e.g., gender, age, receptive vocabulary, and emotional competence), social relationship (e.g., teacher‐child relationship and parent–child attachment), and situational context (e.g., interpersonal similarity). This study suggests that shyness generally exerts negative influences on Chinese children's social–emotional development, but the influences are unique to particular social–emotional domains and moderated by both children's characteristics and environmental factors.
Helical Chirality of Supramolecular Columns and Spheres Self‐Organizes Complex Liquid Crystals, Crystals, and Quasicrystals
Authors: Percec Virgil , Xiao Qi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHomochiral helical self‐organizations provide some of the most fundamental architectures of biological macromolecules and of their co‐assemblies although they were first discovered and elucidated only during the early 1950. Helical synthetic covalent macromolecules started to be discovered soon after and were followed by supramolecular macromolecules and their co‐assemblies few decades later. This perspective will provide a brief historical development of chiral helical self‐organizations in biology and in supramolecular chemistry. Helical covalent and supramolecular macromolecules self‐organize and co‐organize helical supramolecular columns and spherical helices that can generate complex liquid crystals, crystals including Frank‐Kasper phases, and quasicrystals. The design of new functions based on synthetic helical assemblies will also be discussed. Personal events from the life of scientists contributing to these developments are also briefly mentioned.
Identification of a novel EXT2 frameshift mutation in a family with hereditary multiple exostoses by whole‐exome sequencing
Authors: Yang Mei , Xie Hanbing , Xu Bocheng , Xiang Qinqin , Wang He , Hu Ting , Liu Shanling 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundHereditary multiple exostoses (HME), also referred to as multiple osteochondromas, is an autosomal dominant skeletal disease characterized by the development of multiple overgrown benign bony tumors capped by cartilage and is associated with bone deformity, joint limitation, and short stature. Mutations in exostosin glycosyltransferase (EXT)1 and EXT2 genes, which are located on chromosomes 8q24.1 and 11p13, contribute to the pathogenesis of HME.MethodsIn the present study, a genetic analysis of a four‐generation Chinese family with HME was conducted using whole‐exome sequencing (WES), followed by validation using Sanger sequencing.ResultsA novel heterozygous frameshift mutation in exon 5 of EXT2 (c.944dupT, p.Leu316fs) was identified in all affected individuals but was not detected in any unaffected individuals. This mutation results in a frameshift that introduces a premature termination codon at position 318 (p.Leu316fs) with the ability to produce a truncated EXT2 protein that lacks the last 433 amino acids at its C‐terminal to indicate a defective exostosin domain and the absence of the glycosyltransferase family 64 domain, or to lead to the degradation of mRNAs by nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay, which is critical for the function of EXT2.ConclusionOur results indicate that WES is effective in extending the EXT mutational spectra and is advantageous for genetic counseling and the subsequent prenatal diagnosis.