bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liquid‐Exfoliated 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Alzakia Fuad Indra , Tan Swee Ching 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) materials have attracted tremendous research attention in recent days due to their extraordinary and unique properties upon exfoliation from the bulk form, which are useful for many applications such as electronics, optoelectronics, catalysis, etc. Liquid exfoliation method of 2D materials offers a facile and low‐cost route to produce large quantities of mono‐ and few‐layer 2D nanosheets in a commercially viable way. Optoelectronic devices such as photodetectors fabricated from percolating networks of liquid‐exfoliated 2D materials offer advantages compared to conventional devices, including low cost, less complicated process, and higher flexibility, making them more suitable for the next generation wearable devices. This review summarizes the recent progress on metal–semiconductor–metal (MSM) photodetectors fabricated from percolating network of 2D nanosheets obtained from liquid exfoliation methods. In addition, hybrids and mixtures with other photosensitive materials, such as quantum dots, nanowires, nanorods, etc. are also discussed. First, the various methods of liquid exfoliation of 2D materials, size selection methods, and photodetection mechanisms that are responsible for light detection in networks of 2D nanosheets are briefly reviewed. At the end, some potential strategies to further improve the performance the devices are proposed.
Advances on Graphyne‐Family Members for Superior Photocatalytic Behavior
Authors: Torres‐Pinto André , Silva Cláudia G. , Faria Joaquim L. , Silva Adrián M. T. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGraphyne (GY) and graphdiyne (GDY) have been employed in photocatalysis since 2012, presenting intriguing electronic and optical properties, such as high electron mobility and intrinsic bandgap due to their high π‐conjugated structures. Authors are reporting the enhanced photocatalytic efficiency of these carbon allotropes when combined with different metal oxides or other carbon materials. However, the synthesis of graphyne‐family members (GFMs) is still very recent, and not much is known about the true potential of these photocatalytic materials. In this review article, the implications of different synthesis routes on the structural features and photocatalytic properties of these materials are elucidated. The application of GFMs in the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) regeneration, hydrogen and oxygen evolution, and carbon dioxide reduction is discussed, as well as in the degradation of pollutants and bacteria inactivation in water and wastewater treatment.
Large‐Scale‐Compatible Stabilization of a 2D Semiconductor Platform toward Discrete Components
Authors: Brus Pierre , Zatko Victor , Galbiati Marta , Godel Florian , Collin Sophie , Servet Bernard , Xavier Stephane , Aubry Raphael , Garabedian Patrick , Martin Marie‐Blandine , Dlubak Bruno , Seneor Pierre , Bezencenet Odile 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAtomically thin 2D materials have drawn considerable attention in the past years with potential ranging from transistors to optoelectronics. As such, they are now foreseen as strong candidates for epitaxy‐free technologies and the tetrad of size‐weight‐power‐and‐cost (SWAP‐C) reduction. Targeting radiofrequency (RF) applications, the 2D semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) family can offer the opportunity of wide tunability of their electronic properties, providing a large variety of band gaps. However, evaluation and integration of those materials into discrete components requires a stabilization of their properties. This work focuses on the evaluation of a large‐scale compatible fabrication/passivation process on large area (>1000 µm2) monolayers of the prototypical 2D semiconductor MoS2. The process is developed including pre‐ and post‐patterning protection/passivation layers. It is shown to reduce the initial natural p‐doping of the sample, leading to lower transistor threshold voltages, a 106 ION/IOFF ratio, and an effective averaged field‐effect mobility under ambient conditions of 20 cm2 V−1 s−1 (up to 35 cm2 V−1 s−1 for some devices), which represents an increase by a 40‐fold factor compared to a conventional process carried on the large scale platform. This work represents an important step toward the integration of 2D TMDCs in discrete RF circuits and components.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A population‐based study of outcome in the United States based on the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) database, 1980–2017
Authors: Sasaki Koji , Jabbour Elias , Short Nicholas J. , Jain Nitin , Ravandi Farhad , Pui Ching‐Hon , Kantarjian Hagop 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe treatment in acute lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) has evolved and improved dramatically over the past four decades. We assessed the outcome of ALL overall, and the two major subsets of Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)‐positive and Ph‐negative ALL by age, time periods, ethnicity, median household income, and geographic county area. A total of 12 788 patients diagnosed with ALL from 1980 to 2017 were included. We performed an analysis to better evaluate the outcome evolution in ALL according to time period and patient's demographic factors. The overall 5‐year survival rates have improved significantly over time, from 51% before 1990 to 72% since 2010. The survival rates for children (age 0 to 14 years) and adolescents (age 15 to 19 years) have improved from 73% and 55% before 1990 to 93% and 74% since 2010, respectively. Similarly, the rates had improved from 33% to 59% for adults 20 to 29 years old, 24% to 59% for 30 to 39 years old, and 14% to 43% for 40 to 59 years old between the two time periods. The rates remained under 30% in older patients (60+ years). Since 2010, patients with Ph‐negative ALL had 5‐year survival rate of 73% and those with Ph‐positive ALL 50%. African Americans, Hispanic ethnicity, and lower household income were associated with inferior survival. The outcome of patients with ALL showed continued improvement across all age groups in the US. The recent introduction of targeted therapies, together with optimized supportive care, will continue to improve outcomes, particularly in older patients.
Synthesis of β‐Alkoxy Amines from Alkenes, Sulfonyl Azides, and Alcohols though Copper‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Tandem Reactions via Regioselective Ring‐Opening of Aziridine Intermediates
Authors: Fu Xiao‐Fei , Zhao Qiang , Zhao Wen‐Xian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA copper‐catalyzed three‐component tandem reaction of alkenes, sulfonyl azides, and alcohols is described. This straightforward transformation provides a practical method for the synthesis of valuable β‐alkoxy amines from easily accessible starting materials under comparative cheap copper catalysis without external ligands though regioselective ring‐opening reaction of aziridine intermediates. This reaction has a broad functional groups tolerance and the yields are generally good.
Progress of Dialkyl Azodicarboxylates in Organic Transformations
Authors: Singh Pushpinder , Mritunjay  
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn recent past, dialkyl azodicarboxylates have been embraced as versatile reagents in synthetic strategies other than Mitsunobu reactions. These azo compounds have been utilized as an oxidant or dehydrogenating reagent in oxidative transformations, such as cross dehydrogenative coupling, oxidative Ugi‐type reaction, dehydrogenation etc. Moreover, they have been utilized in different types of bond construction like C‐Heteroatom (C‐Het) and S−N bond. Very recently, these azo compounds have also been explored in photochemical reactions. Such types of reported reactions and their reaction pathways are presented here in this minireview, which manifested the oxidative abilities and advantageous features of dialkyl azodicarboxylates.
Dynamometric measurements of hydrogels' mechanical spectra
Authors: Caccavo Diego , Cavallo Rosario , Abrami Michela , Grassi Mario , Barba Anna Angela , Lamberti Gaetano 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHydrogels' viscoelastic behavior is crucial in several applications and an in‐depth knowledge and characterization of this property is essential to select the most appropriate gel for the specific use. Oscillatory shear measurements are the most commonly used techniques to perform the viscoelastic characterization of hydrogels, among other materials, and it is performed mainly by using plate‐plate shear rheometers. Despite these instruments constitute one of the best options to analyze the mechanical response of materials, they are quite expensive and require well trained operators, which confine their presence exclusively in engineering labs. However, the use of hydrogels brought these materials to be present in countless sectors, and therefore poses the need of reliable characterization with as much simple and common instrumentations. Therefore, aim of this work is to present the possibility to obtain a trustworthy characterization of the viscoelasticity of hydrogel by using a Texture Analyzer set to work with sinusoidal deformations.
Amazon floodplain hydrology and implications for aquatic conservation
Authors: Melack John M. , Coe Michael T. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

The amplitude, duration, frequency, and predictability of runoff and inundation of aquatic habitats are key hydrological characteristics linked to aquatic ecosystem functioning and biodiversity, but they are seldom integrated into analyses of Amazon floodplain ecology. Remote sensing approaches, measurements and modelling of floodplain hydrology provide a basis for this integration.
Effective legislation to protect floodplains and other wetlands depends on operational definitions that require application of hydrological data.
Extent and changes of flooded areas are linked to fish diversity and to presence and growth of flooded forests and floating plants.
Dam construction reduces river system connectivity and modifies the flood pulse, with major negative implications for floodplain ecosystems adapted to and dependent on a natural flood regime.
Trends and variability in climate plus deforestation are altering the Amazon's hydrological cycle, causing changes in discharge and flooded area with concomitant ecological impacts.
Further evaluation of noncontingent reinforcement to treat mealtime problem behavior
Authors: Luis Jeanne , Leon Yanerys , Campos Claudia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe evaluated the effects of noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) without escape extinction (EE) on problem behavior emitted by a young boy with autism spectrum disorder during meals. Results indicated that NCR (i.e., continuous access to a highly preferred activity) was effective in reducing problem behavior and moderately increasing food acceptance. Subsequently, we evaluated a total session‐based thinning of the NCR schedule. Although problem behavior remained low during schedule thinning, differential reinforcement was necessary to maintain adequate levels of food acceptance.
Outdoor scale‐up of Leptolyngbya sp.: Effect of light intensity and inoculum volume on photoinhibition and ‐oxidation
Authors: Schipper Kira , Das Probir , Al Muraikhi Mariam , AbdulQuadir Mohammed , Thaher Mahmoud Ibrahim , Al Jabri Hareb Mohammed S.J. , Wijffels René H. , Barbosa Maria J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe effect of light intensity and inoculum volume on the occurrence of photooxidation for Leptolyngbya sp. QUCCCM 56 was investigated, to facilitate the transition from small‐scale laboratory experiments to large‐scale outdoor cultivation. Indoor, the strain was capable of growing at light intensities of up to 5600 µmol photons/m2/s, at inoculation densities as low as 0.1 g/L (10% inoculation volume vol/vol). Levels of chlorophyll and phycocyanin showed a significant decrease within the first 24 h, indicating some level of photooxidation, however, both were able to recover within 72 h. When cultivated under outdoor conditions in Qatar during summer, with average peak light intensities 1981 ± 41 μmol photons/m2/s, the strain had difficulties growing. The culture recovered after an initial adaptation period, and clear morphological differences were observed, such as an increase in trichome length, as well as coiling of multiple trichomes in tightly packed strands. It was hypothesized that the morphological changes were induced by UV‐radiation as an adaptation mechanism for increased self‐shading. Furthermore, the presence of contaminating ciliates could have also affected the outdoor culture. Both UV and contaminants are generally not simulated under laboratory environments, causing a mismatch between indoor optimizations and outdoor realizations.
Polypyridyl Ruthenium(II) Complexes with Red‐Shifted Absorption: New Promises in Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Banerjee Samya 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the field of cancer photodynamic therapy (PDT) research, development of metal‐based PDT drugs that can be used under red light exposure is the “holy grail” to achieve. This highlight highlighted few current literatures on polypyridyl‐based Ru(II) complexes with significantly red‐shifted absorption to achieve in‐vitro and in‐vivo PDT effect in 540–600 nm light. The enormous potential of judicial ligand choice and in‐silico optimization to achieve the red light, metal‐based PDT drugs are discussed.
Exploring dry grain fractionation as a means to valorize high‐protein malting barley
Authors: Izydorczyk Marta , Nam Shin , Sharma Arzoo , Kletke Jerry 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesMalting barley cultivars are potentially the most profitable commodities for producers; however, barley selected for malting purposes has to meet many stringent quality requirements. Barley with excessive grain protein concentration (>13%) is often the reason why it is rejected for malting grade and sold at a lower price on the feed market. The objectives of this study were to explore dry grain fractionation as a means to valorize high‐protein malting barley by producing high fiber/protein fractions for human nutrition and starchy fractions for adjunct brewing.FindingsSeveral malting barley varieties with grain protein concentration above 14% (db) were milled on a Buhler laboratory mill resulting in six flours streams. Coarse and fine shorts were further processed using a Buhler laboratory shorts duster resulting in coarse fiber fractions and two additional flour fractions. The total yield of combined flour fractions ranged from 50.2% to 51.6%, whereas the yield of fiber fractions ranged from 41.5% to 43.7%. The fiber fractions were enriched in β‐glucans (9.3%–11.2%, db), arabinoxylans (9.9%–11.3%, db), and proteins (22%–26%, db) with average 2.2‐, 1.7‐, and 1.5‐fold increase of these constituents, respectively, compared to the whole grain. The content of vitamin E in fiber fractions was higher than in the whole grain, ranging from 82 to 109 ug/g. The fiber fractions also exhibited an improved ratio of tocotrienol to tocopherols. The combined flour fractions were depleted of β‐glucans (0.6%–0.7%, db) and arabinoxylans (0.5%–0.6%, db), contained acceptable levels of proteins (11.5%–13.5%, db) and high levels of starch (79%–82%, db). Mashing experiments with up to 40% replacement of malt with flour fractions showed significant improvements in malt extract without negative influence on malting quality parameters, such as wort beta‐glucans, wort viscosity, and the average degree of polymerization of starch dextrins.ConclusionsThe study demonstrated that covered barley can be milled using milling equipment commonly used in wheat milling without the necessity of prior dehulling of the grain. The milling resulted in two high‐yield fractions (flour and fiber/protein‐rich fractions) with hulls effectively separated during the early stages of milling, making the fractionation process commercially feasible.Significance and noveltyHigh‐protein barley can be valorized by fractionation into fiber/protein‐rich fractions that can be used as valuable food ingredients for the effective and economical control of many food‐related health issues and into starchy flour fractions that can used as adjunct in brewing.
AGENT ORANGE‐INDUCED Anaplastic Large‐Cell Lymphoma (ALCL) with Cutaneous Involvement
Authors: Lorio Morgan , Lewis Brandon , Hoy John , Yeager Matthew 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAnaplastic large‐cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a CD30 + lymphoproliferative disorder that may manifest with skin involvement.1 We present a rare case of Agent Orange‐induced ALCL with cutaneous involvement of the hand, surgical excision, and follow‐up treatment.
Forgiveness therapy in a maximum‐security correctional institution: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Yu Lifan , Gambaro Maria , Song Jacqueline Y. , Teslik Mark , Song Mengjiao , Komoski Mary Cate , Wollner Brooke , Enright Robert D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveForgiveness Therapy is proposed as a novel approach to rehabilitation for men in a maximum‐security correctional institution to alleviate psychological compromises.MethodIn a two‐tiered study, volunteer participants within a correctional institution (N = 103) were asked to report past experiences of abuse and unjust treatment prior to their first crime and were measured on anger, anxiety, depression, hope and forgiveness. Twenty four of the most clinically compromised participants were selected from this initial assessment, with pairs first matched on certain characteristics and then randomly assigned to either experimental or control group interventions followed by a cross‐over design (N = 9 in each group at the study's end). Experimental participants received 24 weeks of Forgiveness Therapy. Control group participants received 24 weeks of an alternative treatment followed by Forgiveness Therapy. Dependent variables included anger, anxiety, depression, forgiveness, hope, self‐esteem and empathy.ResultsNinety percent of 103 participants reported moderate to severe abuse in childhood or adolescence. Data showed an inverse relationship between forgiveness and anger, anxiety and depression. In the Forgiveness Therapy, anger, anxiety, depression, empathy and forgiveness were statistically significant favouring both experimental groups. These results remained at the 6‐month follow‐up.ConclusionsForgiveness Therapy is shown to be effective for correctional rehabilitation in healing clinical psychological compromise and in promoting positive psychological well‐being in men within a maximum‐security facility.
ESS‐IBAA: Efficient, short, and secure ID‐based authentication algorithm for wireless sensor network
Authors: Mishra Shivendu , Yaduvanshi Ritika , Dubey Kumkum , Rajpoot Prince 
Published: March 2021

SummaryDesigning an efficient, short, and secure authentication algorithm for resource‐constrained sensor nodes of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is a challenging task. Authentication in WSNs is mainly performed by the digital signature algorithm. In this paper, we propose an efficient, short, and secure pairing computation‐free ID‐based authentication algorithm (signature scheme) ESS‐IBAA for WSNs which completely follows the rule of identity‐based cryptosystem. Identity‐based schemes, unlike traditional public‐key infrastructure (PKI)‐based schemes, remove the need for public‐key certificates for public‐key validation. It also removes extra costs associated with the public‐key certificate and traffic management. Further, due to the requirement of low power and fast authentication, bilinear pairing computation‐free identity‐based signature schemes are applicable in WSNs. Keeping this in mind, ESS‐IBAA scheme is proposed, which is pairing computation free and uses a general cryptographic hash function in the place of a costly map‐to‐point hash function. The proposed scheme ESS‐IBAA is secure against existential forgery on adaptive chosen message and ID attack in the random oracle model under the hardness of the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem (ECDLP). Moreover, comparative performance analysis shows that the proposed scheme ESS‐IBAA is much more efficient in both communication cost and computation cost from the existing related schemes.
Advancements in capacitance‐to‐digital converter‐based C4D technology for detection in capillary electrophoresis using amplified excitation voltages and comparison to classical and open‐source C4Ds
Authors: Graf Hannes Georg , Rudisch Benjamin Maximilian , Manegold Johanna , Huhn Carolin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis work introduces new hardware configurations for a capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detector (C4D) based on capacitance‐to‐digital conversion (CDC) technology for CE. The aim was to improve sensitivity, handling, price, and portability of CDC‐based C4D detectors (CDCD) to reach LODs similar to classic C4Ds with more sophisticated electric circuits. To achieve this, a systematic study on the CDCDs was carried out including a direct comparison to already established C4D setups. Instrumental setups differing in electrode lengths, measurement modes, and amplification of excitation voltages were investigated to achieve LODs for alkali metal ions of 4 to 12 μM, similar to LODs obtained by classic C4D setups. Lowest LODs were achieved for a setup with two 10 mm electrodes at a distance of 0.2 mm and an excitation voltage of 24 V. The detection head was exceptionally lightweight with only 2.6 g and covered only 20 mm of the capillary on total. This allowed the use of multiple detectors along the separation path to enable spatial tracking of analytes during separation. The entirely battery‐powered detector assembly weighs less than 200 g, and the data are transmitted wirelessly for possible portable applications. The freely accessible hardware and software were optimized for fully automated measurements with real time data plotting and allowed handling multidetector setups. The new developments were applied to quantify the potassium salt of glyphosate in its herbicide formulation.
Progress in proton‐conducting oxides as electrolytes for low‐temperature solid oxide fuel cells: From materials to devices
Authors: Zhang Wei , Hu Yun Hang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAmong various types of alternative energy devices, solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) operating at low temperatures (300‐600°C) show the advantages for both stationary and mobile electricity production. Proton‐conducting oxides as electrolyte materials play a critical role in the low‐temperature SOFCs (LT‐SOFCs). This review summarizes progress in proton‐conducting solid oxide electrolytes for LT‐SOFCs from materials to devices, with emphases on (1) strategies that have been proposed to tune the structures and properties of proton‐conducting oxides and ceramics, (2) techniques that have been employed for improving the performance of the protonic ceramic‐based SOFCs (known as PCFCs), and (3) challenges and opportunities in the development of proton‐conducting electrolyte‐based PCFCs.