bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic structure of alien plant species pools from European donor habitats
Authors: Kalusová Veronika , Padullés Cubino Josep , Fristoe Trevor S. , Chytrý Milan , van Kleunen Mark , Dawson Wayne , Essl Franz , Kreft Holger , Mucina Ladislav , Pergl Jan , Pyšek Petr , Weigelt Patrick , Winter Marten , Lososová Zdeňka 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimMany plant species native to Europe have naturalized worldwide. We tested whether the phylogenetic structure of the species pools of European habitats is related to the proportion of species from each habitat that has naturalized outside Europe (habitat’s donor role) and whether the donated species are more phylogenetically related to each other than expected by chance.LocationEurope (native range), the rest of the world (invaded range).Time periodLastc. 100 years.Major taxa studiedAngiospermae.MethodsWe selected 33 habitats in Europe and analysed their species pools, including 9,636 plant species, of which 2,293 have naturalized outside Europe. We assessed the phylogenetic structure of each habitat as the difference between the observed and expected mean pairwise phylogenetic distance (MPD) for (a) the whole species pool and (b) subgroups of species that have naturalized outside Europe and those that have not. We used generalized linear models to test for the effects of the phylogenetic structure and the level of human influence on the habitat’s donor role.ResultsHabitats strongly to moderately influenced by humans often showed phylogenetically clustered species pools. Within the clustered species pools, those species that have naturalized outside Europe showed a random phylogenetic structure. Species pools of less human‐influenced natural habitats varied from phylogenetically clustered to overdispersed, with donated naturalized species also often showing random patterns within the species pools. Donor roles in both habitat groups increased with increasing MPD within habitats.Main conclusionsEuropean human‐influenced habitats donate closely related species that often naturalize in disturbed habitats outside their native range. Natural habitats donate species from different lineages with various ecological strategies that allow them to succeed in different habitats in the invaded range. However, the naturalized species donated by most European habitats are phylogenetically random subsets of their species pools.
Elevating electrical properties of (K, Na)NbO3ceramics via cold sintering process and post‐annealing
Authors: Deng Baoyu , Ma Yiming , Chen Tianxiang , Wang Huajing , Lin Jinfeng , Lin Cong , Wu Xiao , Zhao Chunlin , Lin Tengfei , Gao Min , Zheng Xinghua , Fang Changqing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDense (K, Na)NbO3ceramics are successfully fabricated via the cold sintering process at 350°C under a uniaxial pressure of 400 MPa for 4 h. Equimolar KOH and NaOH solutions were utilized as a transient alkaline flux. The microstructure and dielectric properties were studied in detail. Scanning electron microscope and the relative densities reveal dense structures of the ceramics. After post‐annealing at 800°C for 1 h, the ceramics show good electrical performance. The relative dielectric permittivity is 829 (at 10 kHz) at room temperature, and the piezoelectric constant (d33) reaches up to 148 pC/N. The cold sintering technique with equimolar KOH and NaOH solutions as a transient alkaline flux endow KNN ceramics with excellent dielectric and piezoelectric properties, showing a potential way to fabricating other KNN‐based ceramics at low temperature.
Illustrating a novel methodology and paradigm applied to Emergency Department research
Authors: Binnie Vicki , Le Brocque Robyne , Jessup Melanie , Johnston Amy N. B. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimTo provide a practical example of how a novel methodology and paradigm was applied to a mixed methods study exploring the healthcare experiences of Australian adults who frequently use emergency department services.DesignDiscussion Paper.Data sourcesWe explored published literature discussing philosophical and methodological issues related to mixed methods research. Literature searches were performed between July 2019 and February 2021.Implications for nursingPhenomenology is a powerful methodology to explore the lived experience of research participants, but it is not without limitations. Mixed methods phenomenology allows nurse researchers to bring further clarity to their research phenomena, however, including phenomenology in mixed methods studies may be seen to be philosophically incompatible. The philosophical metaparadigm of dialectical pluralism provides nurse researchers with a new coherent methodological and philosophical framework for combining participants’ descriptions of lived experience with a variety of data collection methods. It is effective when working with transdisciplinary research teams, and stakeholders representing diverse values and disciplines.ConclusionComplex healthcare environments require sophisticated, flexible research approaches. This paper presents mixed methods phenomenological research combined with the metaparadigm of dialectical pluralism providing a methodological framework that can support multifaceted nursing research.ImpactThe combination of mixed methods phenomenology and dialectical pluralism represents a novel solution for nurse researchers to articulate a research methodology and philosophical paradigm reflecting the complexity embedded in everyday nursing practice. This methodology offers a unique approach to exploration of challenging clinical and patient scenarios with multifaceted elements, and overcomes theories of philosophical incompatibilities between divergent methods.
Association between cortisol and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Sagara Rikako , Inoue Tomoaki , Sonoda Noriyuki , Yano Chieko , Motoya Misato , Umakoshi Hironobu , Sakamoto Ryuichi , Ogawa Yoshihiro 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAims/IntroductionDiabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is characterized by left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD). It has been reported that excess cortisol found in patients with Cushing's syndrome was associated with the development of LVDD. However, the relationship between cortisol concentration and LVDD in patients with diabetes mellitus has not been addressed.Materials and MethodsWe enrolled 109 patients with diabetes mellitus and 104 patients without diabetes mellitus who had undergone echocardiographic examination at Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan, between November 2016 and March 2019. Left ventricular function was evaluated and the ratio of early diastolic velocity from transmitral inflow to early diastolic velocity (E/eʹ) was used as an index of diastolic function. Plasma cortisol concentrations, glycemic control, lipid profiles, treatment with antidiabetic drugs and other clinical characteristics were evaluated, and their associations with E/eʹ were determined using univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsMultivariate linear regression analysis showed that log E/eʹ was positively correlated with age (P = 0.017), log systolic blood pressure (P = 0.004) and cortisol (P = 0.037), and negatively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (P = 0.016) and the use of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (P = 0.042) in patients with diabetes mellitus. Multivariate analysis showed that cortisol was positively correlated with age (P = 0.016) and glycated hemoglobin (P = 0.011). There was no association between E/eʹ and cortisol in patients without diabetes mellitus.ConclusionsIncreased cortisol levels might increase the risk of developing LVDD in diabetes mellitus patients.
Progress and challenges of network meta‐analysis
Authors: Tian Jinhui , Gao Ya , Zhang Junhua , Yang Zhirong , Dong Shengjie , Zhang Tiansong , Sun Feng , Wu Shanshan , Wu Jiarui , Wang Junfeng , Yao Liang , Ge Long , Li Lun , Shi Chunhu , Wang Quan , Li Jiang , Zhao Ye , Xiao Yue , Yang Fengwen , Fan Jinchun , Bao Shisan , Song Fujian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the past years, network meta‐analysis (NMA) has been widely used among clinicians, guideline makers, and health technology assessment agencies and has played an important role in clinical decision‐making and guideline development. To inform further development of NMAs, we conducted a bibliometric analysis to assess the current status of published NMA methodological studies, summarized the methodological progress of seven types of NMAs, and discussed the current challenges of NMAs.
Community‐based tourism, peasant agriculture and resilience in the face of COVID‐19 in Peru
Authors: Gascón Jordi , Mamani Kevin S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the Andes, the diversification of economic activities among the peasant population is common practice. However, it is not a uniform strategy: as new employment and economic possibilities have emerged, the disparity of pluriactive strategies has multiplied. Based on a particular case study (Amantaní Island, Lake Titicaca), where community‐based tourism has developed strongly, we will compare the resilience of these strategies. The COVID‐19 pandemic, which paralysed economic activities, highlighted that the least vulnerable pluriactive strategies were those that included subsistence agriculture. In fact, this is something that the peasant population itself perceives: although the role of this type of agriculture in the family economy is decreasing, most households still invest time and capital to increase their family's agricultural resources.
Clarification of the aspects of tongue‐palate contacts during mastication with/without stage II transport
Authors: Ogawa Makoto , Sugiyama Tetsuya , Ohkubo Mai , Hori Kazuhiro , Ono Takahiro , Ishida Ryo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundDuring mastication, the tongue presses the bolus into the pharynx by a "squeeze‐back" motion, known as stage II transport (St2Tr). However, the pressure of St2Tr tongue‐palate contact has not been examined.ObjectivesWe aimed to clarify aspects of St2Tr occurrence and tongue‐palate contact during mastication by measuring tongue pressure.MethodsTen healthy adults (eight men, two women, aged 26.8 ± 2.2 years) were enrolled. Tongue pressure was measured (Swallow Scan) during mastication. Sensors were placed on the palate near the incisive papilla (Ch.1), in the middle (Ch.2), at the posterior (Ch.3), and near the first molars on the habitual (Ch.H) and non‐habitual (Ch.Nh) masticatory sides. Nasopharyngeal endoscopy confirmed St2Tr and swallowing. Tongue pressures were measured repeatedly, from mastication onset through the first swallow, until eight sets of data were obtained. Tongue‐palate contact frequencies, integrated values of tongue pressure, and mastication times were recorded for St2Tr(+) and St2Tr(−) mastication conditions.ResultsSt2Tr occurred in 43 of 80 trials (53.8%). St2Tr(+) exhibited the highest tongue‐palate contact frequency at Ch.H; it exhibited higher contact frequencies at Ch.2, Ch.3 and Ch.H than St2Tr(−). St2Tr(+) exhibited higher tongue pressures at Ch.1, Ch.2 and Ch.H than at Ch.3; it exhibited higher tongue pressures at Ch.1 and Ch.2 than St2Tr(−).ConclusionThe study suggested that during St2Tr, the tongue frequently touched the palate at the central and posterior regions, as well as at its habitual masticatory side. It applies the strongest pressure at the anterior and central palate to transport the bolus to the pharynx.
Market concentration and superiority among strategic export subsidy policies with taxation distortion and cost heterogeneity
Authors: Ueng K.L. Glen , Wu Tsaur‐Chin , Yen Chih‐Ta , Chou Chih‐Ting 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper is the first attempt to investigate the ranking of the market concentration rate (Herfindahl–Hirschman index) under specific, demand, and cost ad valorem subsidies. We show that the cost ad valorem subsidy raises the variance of the distribution of effective marginal cost, thus increasing the allocative production efficiency and yielding the highest Herfindahl–Hirschman index. In addition, we find that the distortionary cost of subsidy and the cost heterogeneity of the domestic firms play an important role in determining the superiority of social welfare under three subsidy policies. Finally, of the three subsidy regimes, the total profit of the domestic firms under the cost ad valorem subsidy is the greatest. Our finding has altered the traditional wisdom on the choice of strategic trade policies.
Systematic quantitative assessment of motor function in clinically isolated REM sleep behaviour disorder: A diagnostic window into early alpha‐synucleinopathies
Authors: Nisser Jenny , Derlien Steffen , Bublak Peter , Schwab Matthias , Witte Otto W. , Kesper Karl , Schultze Torsten , Rupprecht Sven 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMild motor abnormalities can herald the beginning of Parkinson´s disease but their diagnostic value is limited by multifactorial ageing‐related influences on motor function. We characterized mild motor abnormalities in different motor domains by conducting a systematic motor assessment in 20 patients with clinically isolated REM sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD) without parkinsonian motor signs and 20 healthy controls. We addressed the influence of lifestyle factors and age on motor function, which needs to be distinguished from neurodegenerative motor features, and assessed the diagnostic value of innovative and established quantitative motor tests in iRBD. Patients with iRBD showed abnormalities in perceptual motor speed (falling stick test), trunk movement coordination (bend, twist and touch test) and dynamic balance (line walk test) without alterations in simple motor speed (alternate tap test), dexterity (grooved pegboard), static balance (force plate) and gait (timed up and go test). The falling stick test showed the highest diagnostic accuracy in identifying subjects with RBD (ROC‐AUC 0.85, p ≤ 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed physical activity and age as additional determinants of motor test performance. iRBD comprises a wide spectrum of mild motor abnormalities which cannot be verified by established tests for motor speed, gait and balance. The falling stick test, an innovative screening test for perceptual motor speed, provides high diagnostic potential in identifying subjects with subclinical neurodegenerative symptoms before parkinsonian motor signs become apparent. Normative data for physical activity and age need to be obtained to ensure correct interpretation of motor test results in prodromal Parkinson‐related disease.
Maturity of a giant: age and size reaction norm for sexual maturity for Atlantic leatherback turtles
Authors: Girondot Marc , Mourrain Baptiste , Chevallier Damien , Godfrey Matthew H. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLeatherback marine turtles are the largest extant turtles with some individuals measuring up to 2 m in carapace length. In addition, this species remains in oceanic habitat during much its life, making it difficult to investigate its ontogeny from hatchling to adult stage. Furthermore, distinct chondro‐osseous (cartilage and bone) tissue morphology has led to speculation that sexual maturity may be reached as early as 3 years while others have estimated a minimum of 25 years to reach adulthood. Using a combination of reanalysis of the growth trajectories of juveniles maintained in captivity, and the age–size relationship of individuals in the field, we demonstrate and quantify the indeterminate growth of this species. Using comparisons of female size distribution on nesting beaches and stranded or captured‐at‐sea size distributions adjusted with a new asymmetric sigmoid function, we were able to model the size reaction norm for female sexual maturity. Combining these two models, we show that some females may reach maturity at 14 years in natural conditions, while others will take 50 years or more. Sexual maturity may even be reached at 5 years when individuals experience exceptionally good environmental conditions. This extreme plasticity in the age of sexual maturity has been demonstrated in loggerhead turtles in natural conditions and in green turtles in captivity. It may be a general life‐history feature of marine turtles.
Solar energetic particle tracks in lunar samples: A transmission electron microscope calibration and implications for lunar space weathering
Authors: Keller Lindsay P. , Berger Eve L. , Zhang Shouliang , Christoffersen Roy 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTransmission electron microscope (TEM) imaging techniques combined with focused ion beam sample preparation were used to calibrate the solar energetic particle track production rate in lunar samples. Track density measurements by TEM as a function of depth were obtained from lunar rock 64455 that has a well‐constrained exposure age of 2 Myr giving a track production rate of 4.4 ± 0.4 × 104 tracks cm−2 yr−1 for a 2π exposure at 1 AU. The typical space weathering effects in mature lunar soils (both vapor‐deposited rims and solar wind‐damaged rims) accumulate in ˜106 yr based on the new calibration applied to track densities in individual grains. Solar wind‐damaged rim widths in anorthite and olivine follow a power law relationship with track density and achieve steady‐state widths in a few Myr. Vapor‐deposited rim widths show no correlation with exposure age suggesting that their formation is episodic with the full width of vapor‐deposited rims accumulating in a single or a few rare impact events. Solar wind‐damaged rim development was modeled using the stopping range of ions in matter code. Modeling shows that the solar wind‐damaged rims develop rapidly and approach steady‐state values in 105–106 yr. Anorthite and olivine record similar track densities for similar exposure ages, but their structural response to solar wind irradiation differs significantly. Solar wind‐damaged rims on olivine are not amorphous in contrast to modeling and high flux laboratory experiments and a model is proposed to account for their different response to solar wind irradiation.
MapZ deficiency leads to defects in the envelope structure and changes stress tolerance of Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Li Yongliang , Qiao Dan , Zhang Yifei , Hao Weifeng , Xi Yue , Deng Xuliang , Ge Xuejun , Xu Mingming 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCell division is a central process in bacteria and a prerequisite for pathogenicity. Several proteins are involved in this process to ensure the accurate localization and proper function of the division machinery. In Streptococcus mutans, MapZ marks the division sites and position of the Z‐ring to regulate cell division; however, whether MapZ deficiency can impair the cariogenic virulence of S. mutans remains unclear. Here, using a phenotypic assay and RNA‐seq, we investigated the role of MapZ in cell envelope maintenance, biofilm formation, and stress tolerance in S. mutans. The results show that MapZ is important for normal cell shape and envelope structure, and its deletion causes abnormal septum structure and a thin cell wall. Subsequently, we found that the absence of MapZ leads to a greater level of cell death within 12 h biofilms, but it does not seem to affect biofilm architecture and accumulation. mapZ deletion also results in a decreased acid and osmotic stress tolerance. Furthermore, RNA‐seq data reveal that MapZ deficiency causes changes in the expression levels of genes involved in transport systems, sugar metabolism, nature competence, and bacteriocin synthesis. Interestingly, we found that mapZ mutation renders S. mutans more sensitive to chlorhexidine. Taken together, our study suggests that MapZ plays a role in maintaining cell envelope structure and stress tolerance in S. mutans, showing a potential application as a drug target for caries prevention.
Micra‐AV leadless pacemaker and atrioventricular (dys)synchrony: A stepwise process
Authors: Mitacchione Gianfranco , Schiavone Marco , Gasperetti Alessio , Ruggiero Diego , Denora Marialessia , Viecca Maurizio , Forleo Giovanni Battista 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLeadless pacemakers have become a major breakthrough in the management of bradyarrhythmia as an attractive alternative to the standard transvenous pacemakers, but safety and long‐term outcomes of the new Micra‐AV, which is capable guarantee atrioventricular (AV) synchrony, have been poorly described. Hence, we describe how we managed a 57‐year‐old patient who developed pacemaker syndrome due to significant Micra‐AV dyssynchrony. This case emphasizes how leadless pacemaker AV synchrony could be overestimated, thereby requiring a stepwise process leading to adequate device reprogramming. Holter‐ECG monitoring and exercise test resulted to be valuable tools for an early detection of inadequate AV synchrony, integrating and completing device reports.
Telemedicine for chronic pain treatment during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Do pain intensity and anxiousness correlate with patient acceptance?
Authors: Harnik Michael Alexander , Blättler Larissa , Limacher Andreas , Reisig Florian , Grosse Holtforth Martin , Streitberger Konrad 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionRecent recommendations for the treatment of chronic pain patients during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic suggest using telemedicine instead of in‐person consultations. Knowing whether patients with chronic pain are receptive to the use of telemedicine during a pandemic might improve tailored care.ObjectiveThe aims of the present study were to assess patients’ acceptance of telemedicine during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Switzerland and to examine the correlation of acceptance with pain intensity and anxiousness.MethodsAn anonymous survey was conducted from March 31, 2020, to July 30, 2020, with 61 patients referred to the Pain Center at the Bern University Hospital Inselspital in Bern, Switzerland. Collected data were analyzed descriptively, and correlations were calculated between acceptance of telemedicine and mean levels of current pain, psychological distress, and fear of COVID‐19.ResultsOur main finding was an average level of acceptance of telemedicine, with a mean of 6.25 on a scale from 0 (not at all) to 10 (completely), with substantial variability and range (SD = 3.56). The acceptance of telemedicine correlated negatively with current mean pain level (r = −0.44), worries (r = −0.42), and fear of COVID‐19 (r = −0.4), as well as positively with the general condition (r = 0.46).ConclusionsUsing telemedicine for chronic pain treatment during the COVID‐19 crisis was accepted to a sufficient degree by a considerable proportion of patients. However, the higher the mean levels of pain and anxiousness, the lower the acceptance, indicating that these severely burdened patients may suffer most from treatment restrictions. For this subgroup, telemedicine might not suffice and in‐person visits should be considered.
Papulo‐purpuric dermatitis of childhood: a distinct PLEVA‐like eruption associated to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical study of 10 cases
Authors: Gianotti Raffaele , Restano Lucia , Cutrone Mario , Colonna Cristiana , Fellegara Giovanni , Debernardi Isacco , Boggio Francesca , Del Gobbo Alessandro , Monzani Nicola Adriano , Tripodo Claudio , Gelmetti Carlo , Berti Emilio 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe observed ten children with a papular eruption with purpuric features during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic in Northern Italy (May‐December 2020). Histological examination showed signs of SARS‐CoV‐2‐related dermatosis. Evidence of nucleocapsid viral proteins using SARS‐CoV‐2 (2019‐nCoV) nucleocapsid antibody revealed cuticular staining of the deep portion of the eccrine glands in all cases.