bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oldest (ca. 518 Ma) Mariana type oceanic subduction initiation ophiolite: constraining initiation of modern oceanic plate tectonic regime
Authors: Yao Jinlong , Cawood Peter , Zhao Guochun , Han Yigui , Xia Xiao-Ping , Liu Qian , Wang Peng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Initiation of stable Mariana type one-sided oceanic subduction zones requires rheologically strong oceanic lithosphere, which developed through secular cooling of Earth mantle. This enabled the development of focused high stress zones resulting in narrow weak zones of convergence with resultant oceanic subduction leading to mantle hydration and arc magmatism. Based on detailed study and identification of the oldest (518 Ma) Mariana type oceanic subduction initiation ophiolite (Munabulake ophiolite) on Earth from northern Tibet, along with compilation of oceanic subduction initiation ophiolites through Earth history, we argue for the initiation of modern plate tectonic regime by at least the early Cambrian. The mantle and crust members of the Munabulake ophiolite preserve a complete ophiolite stratigraphy. Blocks of layered marble and siliceous rocks interlayered with meta-basalt indicate a marine environment. Zircons from an olivine gabbro sample yield a concordant age of 518 Ma, along with mantle derived low δ18O (2.69‰ – 5.7‰) and high εHf(t) (11.1–13.6) values. The zircons also have varied H2O contents ranging from 109–1339 ppm with peaks at 260 and 520 ppm, indicative of hydration of mantle derived magma. The highly depleted peridotites display U–shaped REE patterns and varied Zr/Hf ratios, whereas spinel and olivine compositions within the peridotites indicate that they are residues of various degrees of melt extraction and evolved from abyssal to fore-arc peridotites. The crustal members of the ophiolite are mostly tholeiitic, display flat REE patterns and lower HFSEs, comparable to transitional lavas associated with Mariana subduction initiation ophiolite. Some rocks from the crustal section of the ophiolite display NMORB-like compositions but are also characterized by depletion in HSFEs. Therefore, the Munabulake ophiolite displays a chemical duality and progressively evolved from MORB (mid-ocean ridge basalt) to SSZ (supra-subduction zone) compositions, consistent with observations from zircon Hf-O isotopes and H2O contents. Furthermore, the ophiolite was formed during subduction initiation of the Proto-Tethys Ocean at the northern Gondwana margin, and coincided with an inferred slab roll back event in the southern Gondwana margin at ca. 530 − 520 Ma, indicative of a time of global tectonic re-organization. The early Cambrian Munabulake ophiolite indicates comparable slab strength and conditions to those that characterize modern plate tectonics. Such a tectonic regime coincided with final Gondwana assembly, and was associated with ca. 530 − 520 Ma global tectonic re-organization.
Socioeconomic Inequality in Exclusive Breastfeeding Behavior and Ideation Factors for Social Behavioral Change in Three North-western Nigerian States: a Cross-sectional Study.
Authors: Abegunde Dele , Hutchinson Paul , Anaba Udochisom , Adebagbo Foyeke Oyedokun , Johansson Emily White , Feyisetan Bamikale , Mtiro Emma 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundSocioeconomic inequalities could mitigate the impact of social and behavior change (SBC) interventions aimed at improving positive ideation towards the practice of exclusive breastfeeding. This study explores the empirical evidence of inequalities in the practice of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) and associated ideational domains of the theory of Strategic Communication and Behavior Change in three north-western Nigeria states. MethodsWe used cross‐sectional data from 3,007 randomly selected women with under-two-year-old children; the convenient regression method was applied to estimate the concentration indexes of exclusive breastfeeding behavior, ranked by household wealth index. Inequality was decomposed to associated ideational factors and sociodemographic determinants. Avoidable inequalities and the proportion of linear redistribution to achieve zero inequality were estimated. ResultsWomen from wealthier households were more likely to practice exclusive breastfeeding (CIx = 0.1236, p-value = 0.00). Attendance of at least four antenatal clinic visits (ANC 4+) was the most significant contributor to the inequality, contributing CIx = 0.0307 (p-value = 0.00) to the estimated inequality in exclusive breastfeeding practice. The elasticity of exclusive breastfeeding behavior with respect to partners influencing decision to breastfeed and ANC4+, were 0.1484 (p-value = 0.00) and 0.0825 (p-value = 0.00) respectively. Inequality in the regular attendance at community meetings (CIx = 0.1887, p-value =0.00); ANC 4+) (CIx = 0.3722, p-value = 0.00); and maternal age (CIx = 0.0161, p-value = 0.00) were pro-rich. A 10.7% redistribution of exclusive breastfeeding behavior from the wealthier half to the poorer half of the population could eliminate the inequality (line of zero inequality). Inequalities were mainly in the cognitive and social norms domain and were all pro-poor.ConclusionSocioeconomic inequalities exist in exclusive breastfeeding behaviour: the associated ideations in the study states but are mostly avoidable. A 10.7% redistribution from wealthier to the poorer half of the population will achieve elimination. Messaging for SBC communication interventions to improve breastfeeding practices could be more effective by targeting the mitigation of these inequalities.
Developmental decrease of entorhinal gate disrupts prefrontal-hippocampal communication in immune-challenged DISC1 knockdown mice
Authors: Xu Xiaxia , Song Lingzhen , Kringel Rebecca , Hanganu-Opatz Ileana 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The prefrontal-hippocampal dysfunction that underlies cognitive deficits in mental disorders emerges during early development. The contribution of the lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC), a gatekeeper of prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HP), to the early dysfunction is fully unknown. Here we show that the poorer LEC-dependent associative recognition memory detectable at pre-juvenile age is preceded by abnormal communication within LEC-HP-PFC networks of neonatal mice mimicking the combined genetic and environmental etiology (GE) of disease. The prominent entorhinal drive to HP is weaker in GE mice as a result of sparser projections from LEC to CA1 and decreased efficiency of axonal terminals to activate the hippocampal circuits. In contrast, the direct entorhinal drive to PFC is not affected in GE mice, yet the PFC is indirectly compromised, as target of the under-activated HP. Thus, already at neonatal age, the entorhinal function gating prefrontal-hippocampal circuits is impaired in a mouse model of disease.
Malaria en route to elimination in two endemic coastal environments of southern India: an eco-epidemiological analysis from 2004 to 2019
Authors: Reegan Appadurai Daniel , Kumar Chandrabose Senthil , Justin Johnson Amala , Udhayakumar Pandia Nadar , Balavinayagam Shanmugasundaram , Tamilmaran Palaniyandi , Natesan Angaiah , Gopinath Sundararaj , Joe Nirmal , Arthur Roshini 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Coastal environment and climatic condition are more suitable in propagation of mosquito vectors, and malaria parasite transmission throughout the year. In the present investigation, malaria prevalence in two endemic coastal localities of India viz., Besant Nagar (Chennai district) and Pamban (Rameshwaram district) were analysed from 2004 to 2019.
Methods

Malaria surveillance data and entomological data from malaria clinic were used to investigate epidemiological parameters. The annual malaria cases were correlated with highest maximum temperature.
Results

The analysis showed that the malaria case (P.v. and P.f.) report were directly proportional to the temperature increase. Malaria cases were remarkably increased from 2004 to 2011 and subsequently, both P.v. and P.f. cases were drastically reduced till 2019. P. vivax was higher than P. falciparum and male population was found to be more affected. Mixed infection of P.v. & P.f. was observed only in Besant Nagar site (0.3%). The most affected age group was adult age group (15 years and above) in both Besant Nagar (76.1%) and Pamban (69.5%).
Conclusions

Improved surveillance, complete treatment and integrated vector control activities showed declining trend of malaria cases in both the coastal sites towards malaria elimination.
Precision measurements on oxygen formation in stellar helium burning with gamma-ray beams and a Time Projection Chamber
Authors: Smith Robin , Gai Moshe , Stern Sarah , Schweitzer Deran , Ahmed Mohammad 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Stellar Evolution theory relies on our knowledge of nuclear reactions, with the carbon/oxygen (C/O) ratio, at the end of helium burning, being the single most important input. However, the C/O ratio is still not known with sufficient accuracy, due to large uncertainties in the cross section for the fusion of helium with 12C to form 16O, denoted as the 12C(α,γ)16O reaction. We present initial results at moderately low energies using a novel method, which is significantly different from the experimental efforts of the past four decades. Precise angular distributions of the 12C(α,γ)16O reaction were obtained by measuring the inverse 16O(γ,α)12C reaction with gamma-beams and a Time Projection Chamber detector. These allowed us to measure, for the first time, the interference angle of the l = 1 and 2 partial waves contributing to this reaction (φ12), which agrees with predictions based on the unitarity of the scattering matrix.
A Proof-of-Concept Study of Maternal Immune Activation Mediated Induction of Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) and Inflammasome Pathways Leading To Neuroprogressive Changes and Schizophrenia-Like Behaviors in Offspring.
Authors: Talukdar Pinku Mani , Abdul Fazal , Maes Michael , Berk Michael , Venkatasubramanian Ganesan , Kutty Bindu M , DEBNATH MONOJIT 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Infection, particularly prenatal infection leads to an enhanced risk of schizophrenia in the offspring. Interestingly, few data exist on the pathway(s) such as TLR and inflammasome, primarily involved in sensing the microorganisms and inducing downstream inflammatory responses, apoptosis and neuroprogressive changes in the prenatal infection-induced risk of schizophrenia. Herein, we aimed to discern whether prenatal infection-induced maternal immune activation (MIA) causes schizophrenia-like behaviors through activation of TLR and inflammasome pathways in the brain of offspring. Sprague Dawley rats (n=15/group) were injected either with poly (I:C) or LPS or saline at gestational day (GD)-12. Significantly elevated plasma levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-17A assessed after 24 hours were observed in poly (I:C) and LPS-treated rats, indicating MIA. The offspring rats of poly (I:C)-and LPS-treated dams displayed increased anxiety-like behaviors, deficits in social behaviors and prepulse inhibition. The hippocampus of offspring rats showed increased expression of TLR3, TLR4, NLRP3, IL-1β, and IL-18 of poly (I:C) and TLR3, TLR4, NLRP3, Cas1, IL-1β, and IL-18 of LPS-treated dams. Notably, the expression of these genes showed a positive correlation with apoptotic and a negative correlation with neuroprotective genes. Furthermore, TLR and inflammasome genes had significant impact on social deficits and impaired prepulse inhibition in offspring rats. The results suggest MIA due to prenatal infection perhaps trigger TLR, inflammasome and apoptotic pathways leading to the induction of schizophrenia-like behaviors in the later stages of life. Prenatal infections seem to drive neuroprogression and subsequently schizophrenia-like symptoms through a common central pathway involving TLR, inflammasome and apoptosis.
The Real-World status and risk factors for a poor prognosis in elderly patients with primary central nervous system malignant lymphomas: a multicenter retrospective cohort study of the Tohoku Brain Tumor Study Group&nbsp;
Authors: Asano Kenichiro , Yamashita Yoji , Ono Takahiro , Natsumeda Manabu , Beppu Takaaki , Matsuda Kenichiro , Ichikawa Masahiro , Kanamori Masayuki , Matsuzaka Masashi , Kurose Akira , Saito Kiyoshi , Sonoda Yukihiko , Ogasawara Kuniaki , Fujii Yukihiko , Shimizu Hiroaki , Ohkuma Hiroki , Kitanaka Chifumi , Kayama Takamasa , Tominaga Teiji 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction
The number of elderly patients with primary central nervous system malignant lymphoma(EL-PCNSL) has been increasing. However, due to their poor pre-treatment Karnofsky Performance Status(KPS) and many comorbidities, it is possible that sufficient treatment has not been performed. We therefore conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate risk factors associated with a poor prognosis of the Real-World status of EL-PCNSL in the Tohoku Brain Tumor Study Group.
Methods
Patients aged ≥ 71 years with PCNSL were enrolled from 8 centers. Univariate analysis was performed by the log-rank test. A Cox proportional hazards model was used for multivariate analysis.
Results
Three of total 142 cases received best supportive care(BSC) from the beginning. Treatment was given to 30 cases without a pathological diagnosis, 3 cases with a cerebrospinal fluid diagnosis, and 100 cases with CD20-positive DLBCL diagnosis. Total 133 cases(median age 76 years) were included. The median pre-treatment KPS was 50%. There were 117(88.0%) patients with 213 pre-treatment comorbidities(1.8 comorbidities per patient). PFS and OS were 16 months and 24 months, respectively. Risk factors associated with poor prognosis on Cox proportional hazards model were pre-treatment cardiovascular disease and central nervous system disease comorbidities, post-treatment pneumonia and other infections, and the absence of radiation or chemotherapy.
Conclusions
EL-PCNSL was actively treated and BSC was only a few. Pre-treatment comorbidities and post-treatment complications would influence the prognosis. Radiation and chemotherapy were found to be effective, but no conclusions could be drawn regarding the content of chemotherapy and whether additional radiation therapy should be used.
Photobiomodulation Improves the Inflammatory Response and Intracellular Signaling Proteins Linked To Vascular Function and Cell Survival in the Brain of Aged Rats
Authors: Cardoso Fabrizio , Mansur Fernanda , Araújo Bruno , Gonzalez-Lima Francisco , Silva Sérgio Gomes da 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Photobiomodulation is a non-pharmacological tool widely used to reduce inflammation in many tissues. However, little is known about its effects on the inflammatory response in the aged brain. We conducted the study to examine anti-inflammatory effects of photobiomodulation in aging brains. We used aged rats (20 months old) with control (handled, laser off) or transcranial laser (660 nm wavelength, 100 mW power) treatments for 10 consecutive days and evaluated the level of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and the expression and activation of intracellular signaling proteins in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus. Inflammatory analysis showed that aged rats submitted to transcranial laser treatment had increased levels of IL-1alpha and decreased levels of IL-5 in the cerebral cortex. In the hippocampus, the laser treatment increased the levels of IL-1alpha and decreased levels of IL-5, IL-18 and fractalkine. Regarding the intracellular signaling proteins, a reduction in the ERK and p38 expression and an increase in the STAT3 and ERK activation were observed in the cerebral cortex of aged rats from the laser group. In addition, the laser treatment increased the hippocampal expression of p70S6K, STAT3 and p38 of aged rats. Taken together, our data indicate that transcranial photobiomodulation can improve the inflammatory response and the activation of intracellular signaling proteins linked to vascular function and cell survival in the aged brain.
Do we really need sub-micron resolution to analyse single cell molecular features through vibrational spectroscopy? A pilot study using Plasmodium falciparum-infected Human Erythrocytes
Authors: Banas Agnieszka , Banas Krzysztof , Chu Trang Thi Thu , Naidu Renugah , Hutchinson Paul Edward , Agrawal Rupesh , Lo Michael , Kansiz Mustafa , Chandramohanadas Rajesh , Breese Mark 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Malaria is one of the major life-threatening diseases to afflict humanity with an estimated 228 million cases worldwide in 2018. There exists no approved Malaria vaccine on the market yet, partly due to the complexity of the parasite life cycle and the vast repertoire of polymorphic proteins they express during different stages of development. In this work, we have tested two emerging spectroscopic approaches: Optical Photothermal Infrared (O-PTIR) spectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy combined with infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR) in contrast to the more traditional Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) microspectroscopy which has emerged recently as a new promising tool to provide label-free analysis of cell and tissue sections. Examples of chemical spatial distributions of selected bands and spectra for Plasmodium falciparum infected RBCs collected with the three modalities are presented and compared together with advantages and limitations of each method. Based on these results, it appears that O-PTIR and AFM-IR techniques can be explored as powerful tools for the analysis of cells and ipso facto, these methods can help in better understanding complex processes occurring within heterogeneous objects such as infected RBC due to their superior spatial resolution in comparison with traditional approaches for infrared spectroscopic characterization.
Parsplana Vitrectomy Alone Versus Parsplana Vitrectomy Combined With Phacoemulsification for The Treatment of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment: A Randomized Study
Authors: Mora Paolo , Favilla Stefania , Calzetti Giacomo , Berselli Giulia , Benatti Lucia , Carta Arturo , Gandolfi Stefano , Tedesco Salvatore Antonio 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND: To compare parsplana vitrectomy (PPV) with and without phacoemulsification to treat rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).DESIGN: parallel, randomized trial.METHODS: subjects aged 48 - 65 years with RRD in a phakic eye due to superior retinal tears with an overall extension of retinal breaks < 90° underwent to PPV alone (group A); or PPV plus phacoemulsification (phacovitrectomy, PCV, group B). Post-operative follow-up visits occurred at 1 week, 1 month (m1), 3 months (m3), and 6 months (m6) after surgery. The main outcome was the rate of retinal reattachment. Secondary outcomes included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), central macular thickness (CMT), and cataract progression (in the lens-sparing [PPV-alone] group).RESULTS: in this initial phase of the study a total of 59 patients (mean age: 55 years, 59 eyes) were enrolled: 29 eyes in group A and 30 eyes in group B. Both groups had similar gas tamponade. During the follow-up there were three cases of RRD recurrence in group A and one in group B. The relative risk of recurrence in group A was 3.22 times higher but the difference was not significant (p = 0.3). The two groups were also similar in terms of BCVA and IOP variation. At m3, CMT was significantly higher in group B (p = 0.014). In group A, cataract progression was significant at m6 (p = 0.003).CONCLUSIONS: In a cohort of RRD patients selected according to their preoperative clinical characteristics, PPV was comparable to PCV in terms of the rate of retinal reattachment after 6 months.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN15940019Date registered: 15/01/2021 (retrospectively registered)
A dual-functional ferroferric oxide/quantum dots theranostic nanoplatform for fluorescent labeling and photothermal therapy
Authors: Yin Naiqiang , Wang Xianling , Yang Tonghui , Ding Yanli , Li Liqiang , Li Peng , Xu Xiaoliang , Zhu Lixin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A biocompatible, nontoxic theranostic nanoplatform consisting of mesoporous silica-coated ferroferric oxide (Fe3O4) and Mn-doped ZnS-ZnS quantum dots has been synthesized via a layer-by-layer method. Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometer, magnetometry, and fluorophotometer were employed to characterize the nanoplatform. The nanoplatform exhibited excellent superparamagnetic, fluorescent and light adsorption properties. A template method was introduced to form a mesoporous silica structure on the nanoplatform, lowering the mass of the nanoplatform and effectively promoting the absorption of incident light, compared with traditional silica layer. In addition, after endocytosis of the nanoplatform, cancer cells were easily detected under fluorescence microscope because of the excellent fluorescent behavior of quantum dos. Moreover, vitro cell experiments confirmed that nanoplatform possessed perfect photothermal effect to destroy tumor cells under the laser irradition. Therefore, ferroferric oxide/quantum dots nanoplatforms, combined with fluorescent labeling and photothermal therapy for cancer cells, are expected to be a promising biopotential materials in the field of diagnosis and treatment.
Revictimization and the Specificity Hypothesis- Do Different Subtypes of Interpersonal Violence Predict Each Other?
Authors: Langer Lioba , Neuner Frank 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Revictimization refers to the finding that victims of child abuse have an increased risk of experiencing violence as adolescents and adults. To date, revictimization has been well documented for sexual violence. Recent findings show that the same phenomenon occurs for physical and emotional types of violence and indicate specificity in the relationship. In particular, childhood sexual abuse predicts sexual violence in adulthood and childhood physical abuse predicts future physical victimization. Although emotional violence is among the most harmful types of maltreatment, emotional revictimization has not yet been systematically documented. The aim of this study was to investigate how the three different types of childhood abuse (sexual, physical, and emotional) were related to the three different types of adult victimization (sexual, physical, and emotional).Methods: In an online survey of 135 adult women with high levels of victimization, sexual, physical and emotional experiences of violence were assessed separately for childhood and adulthood.Results: Linear regressions indicated specific relationships between childhood sexual and physical abuse and sexual violence in adulthood (standardized beta coefficients .33*** and .21*), while childhood physical abuse predicts physical violence in adulthood (standardized beta coefficient .44***). Emotional violence experiences in adulthood were predicted by childhood sexual and emotional abuse (standardized beta coefficients .20*** and .08*).Conclusions: The findings partly support the specificity hypothesis of revictimization and have significant implications for practice, particularly for the development of more effective approaches to preventing repeated violence.