bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Determination of Absolute Configuration of Zealexin A1, a Sesquiterpenoid Phytoalexin from Zea mays
Authors: Yajima Arata , Shimura Mikaho , Saito Tatsuo , Katsuta Ryo , Ishigami Ken , Huffaker Alisa , Schmelz Eric A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe enantioselective synthesis of zealexin A1, a sesquiterpene phytoalexin isolated from maize Zea mays is described for the first time. Our methodology for the total synthesis of zealexin A1 involved the stereoselective construction of the stereogenic center via enzymatic resolution followed by Johnson–Claisen rearrangement. The absolute configuration of the natural product was determined through gas chromatography analyses for the methyl esters for both synthetic and natural zealexin A1.
Real‐world effectiveness and tolerability of carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine in 354 patients with trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Di Stefano Giulia , De Stefano Gianfranco , Leone Caterina , Di Lionardo Andrea , Di Pietro Giuseppe , Sgro Emanuele , Mollica Cristina , Cruccu Giorgio , Truini Andrea 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundIt is widely agreed that carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine are highly effective in the long‐term treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. However, the tolerability of these drugs across the different aetiologies of trigeminal neuralgia is still undetermined.MethodsIn this retrospective, real‐world study, we assessed the effectiveness and tolerability of carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine in a large cohort of patients with classical (254 patients), secondary (60 patients) and idiopathic (40 patients) trigeminal neuralgia. We analysed data using a propensity score analysis to account for selection bias; frequencies of side effects associated with carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine were calculated by adjusting data with the inverse probability of treatment weighting.ResultsThe initial proportion of responders was 88.3% with carbamazepine, and 90.9% with oxcarbazepine. The number of refractory patients was significantly higher in idiopathic (15%) and secondary forms (27%) than in classical trigeminal neuralgia (6%; p < .05). In 53 patients treated with carbamazepine (29.6%) and in 22 treated with oxcarbazepine (12.6%), major side effects caused treatment interruption or dosage reduction to an unsatisfactory level. Side effects occurred more frequently in patients treated with carbamazepine (43.6%) than with oxcarbazepine (30.3%, p < .0001). The frequency of treatment discontinuation was higher in patients with secondary and idiopathic forms than in those with classical trigeminal neuralgia (p < .05).ConclusionsOur real‐world study shows that carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine are effective in most patients with trigeminal neuralgia; nevertheless, side effects are still a major issue, particularly in patients with secondary and idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia.SignificanceAlthough carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine are effective in most patients with trigeminal neuralgia, their side effects are still a major issue, thus necessitating the development of better‐tolerated drugs.
Voltammetric Detection of Captopril in a Commercial Drug Using a Gold‐Copper Metal‐organic Framework Nanocomposite Modified Electrode
Authors: da Silva Diana Maria , Carneiro da Cunha Areias Madalena 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe report the application of an electrochemical sensor based on gold‐copper metal‐organic framework immobilized on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode to the detection of captopril (CAP), an angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor. Cyclic voltammetric studies showed that the joint action of gold nanoparticles and copper‐1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylate (Cu−BTC) enhanced the electrochemical response to the Cu‐captopril complex that is adsorbed onto the surface of the electrode. Release of gold nanoparticles from Au@Cu−BTC not only increased the conductivity of the electrode but also provided a more favorable environment for the deposition of reduced Cu that is catalytically renewed on the electrode surface. The anodic current of the Cu(II)−CAP oxidation peak varied linearly within two concentration ranges, namely 0.5 to 7.0 μmol L−1 and 10 to 2500 μmol L−1, with a limit of detection of 0.047 μmol L−1. The mean recovery for the determination of captopril in commercial tablets was 100.3 % suggesting that the method has considerable potential for future industrial applications.
Virtual power plant implementation scheme in Shenzhen city
Authors: Song Xinming , Deng Yongsheng , Jiao Fengshun , Shi Jing , Cheng Meng , Xiang Qianliang , Yue Chengyan , Zhang Zitong , Li Shujian , Kim Hyoungmi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTo meet the challenge of the “three highs and one limit” of the Shenzhen power grid operation, the virtual power plant (VPP) is proposed to effectively utilize the flexible distributed energy resources (DERs) to optimize the operation scheme of the distribution network. Firstly, based on the investigation of the available and controllable DERs of the Shenzhen power grid, typical application scenarios representing the characteristics of the Shenzhen power grid are formulated. Secondly, the framework and roadmap of the typical regional VPP in Shenzhen are proposed. Thirdly, a coordinated optimal scheduling strategy for the VPP is proposed to solve the voltage issues caused by overload or other reasons in Shenzhen's distribution network. Finally, a case study is carried out on the distribution networks using that of the Shenzhen Potevio New Energy company, Shenzhen Bay Science and Technology Eco‐Park are connected. The results show that the voltage level of the distribution network can be improved by the proposed optimal control strategy of the VPP, and verify the effectiveness of the proposed VPP scheme and the benefits of the VPP for the Shenzhen power grid operation.
Verification of numerical models for seismic fluid‐structure interaction analysis of internal components in liquid‐filled advanced reactors
Authors: Yu Ching‐Ching , Whittaker Andrew S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEarthquake shaking of a liquid‐filled advanced reactor induces fluid‐structure interaction (FSI) between the reactor vessel (tank), its internal components, and the contained liquid. Seismic design, qualification, and risk assessment of such reactors must consider fluid‐structure responses, their geometries and support conditions, and three‐directional seismic inputs, all of which require numerical simulations. Numerical models used for analysis of safety‐related nuclear equipment must be verified and validated. This paper verifies numerical models of submerged components using analytical solutions. Seismic FSI analysis of the numerical models is performed using the Arbitrary Lagrangian‐Eulerian (ALE) and Incompressible Computational Fluid Dynamics (ICFD) solvers in LS‐DYNA. Prior analytical solutions are reworked in this paper, and calculation errors are identified and corrected. The solutions address frequencies of two concentric cylindrical pipes filled with liquid: the inner pipe is a submerged component, and the outer pipe contains the liquid. A unitless frequency coefficient is defined and presented for pipes of different materials, filled with different liquids, and with a range of dimensions for application to advanced reactors. The numerical models are verified here by comparing the lateral frequencies of submerged components with those calculated using the corrected analytical solutions. Recommendations for verification of numerical models of internal components in advanced reactors for seismic FSI analysis are provided. Although the unitless frequency coefficients and verification procedures are developed for application to advanced nuclear reactors, they are broadly applicable to FSI analysis of submerged components in liquid‐filled vessels such as storage tanks, boilers, and steam generators.
Late Holocene flood magnitudes in the Lower Rhine river valley and upper delta resolved by a two‐dimensional hydraulic modelling approach
Authors: van der Meulen Bas , Bomers Anouk , Cohen Kim M. , Middelkoop Hans 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPalaeoflood hydraulic modelling is essential for quantifying ‘millennial flood’ events not covered in the instrumental record. Palaeoflood modelling research has largely focused on one‐dimensional analysis for geomorphologically stable fluvial settings because two‐dimensional analysis for dynamic alluvial settings is time consuming and requires a detailed representation of the past landscape. In this study, we make the step to spatially continuous palaeoflood modelling for a large and dynamic lowland area. We applied advanced hydraulic model simulations (1D–2D coupled set‐up in HEC‐RAS with 950 channel sections and 108 × 103 floodplain grid cells) to quantify the extent and magnitude of past floods in the Lower Rhine river valley and upper delta. As input, we used a high‐resolution terrain reconstruction (palaeo‐DEM) of the area in early mediaeval times, complemented with hydraulic roughness values. After conducting a series of model runs with increasing discharge magnitudes at the upstream boundary, we compared the simulated flood water levels with an inventory of exceeded and non‐exceeded elevations extracted from various geological, archaeological and historical sources. This comparison demonstrated a Lower Rhine millennial flood magnitude of approximately 14,000 m3/s for the Late Holocene period before late mediaeval times. This value exceeds the largest measured discharges in the instrumental record, but not the design discharges currently accounted for in flood risk management.
Zircon provenance of Quaternary cover beds using U–Pb dating: Regional differences in the Southwestern USA
Authors: Richter‐Krautz Jana , Hofmann Mandy , Zieger Johannes , Linnemann Ulf , Kleber Arno 
Published: January 2021

AbstractU–Pb dating of detrital zircons (DZ) in Quaternary slope deposits (cover beds) and examination of the surface structure of single zircon grains may enable reconstruction of the provenance of their aeolian components and help to reconstruct sedimentary palaeo‐transportation cascades. We distinguish several layers of slope deposits (cover beds) using a palaeosol‐supported sequence‐stratigraphic approach. In a pilot study, we demonstrate the usability of using end‐member‐modelled analyses of grain sizes to identify the aeolian matter, multi‐dimensional scaling and density functions (probability density functions (PDF) and Kernel density estimations (KDE)) of the U–Pb data, and the grain morphology of DZ, and show that the age and appearance variation of DZ in the Great Basin differ remarkably from those of the Colorado Plateau.All samples contain aeolian matter. Density functions of the DZ ages show similarities within each of the two regions. The Great Basin samples are dominated by late Cretaceous and Paleogene zircons, which are assumed to derive from volcanism. In contrast, the Colorado Plateau samples are almost free of these contributions. Presumably, the difference is due to palaeolakes, which were frequent in the Great Basin only, whose sediments contain a similar spectrum of DZ ages. Zircon morphology indicates that most grains have a history of aeolian transportation, whereas the grains assumed to be of volcanic origin often do not show similar transportation marks; this indicates that their transportation was dominated by the eruptive process but fewer steps of a transportation cascade. Multidimensional scaling of age data defines clusters of samples with similar DZ ages and – compared with published ages from possible sources – allows first interpretations of provenance.Quaternary aeolian sediments have not been studied in, and the applied mix of methods has not been applied to, the southwestern USA before. We demonstrate their feasibility for this study area.
Blockchain technology for energy‐aware mobile crowd sensing approaches in Internet of Things
Authors: Sisi Zhu , Souri Alireza 
Published: January 2021

AbstractToday, Blockchain technology is emerging to support high secured performance computing. To improve privacy and security factors of allocate, storage, and manage resources in edge computing, blockchain technology can be used to guarantee safe data transmission and communications in Internet of Things (IoT). Due to heterogeneity of resources to cover a range number of IoT applications, resource allocation has a key role for increasing performance of the IoT systems in edge computing. Also, a blockchain‐based resource allocation model can support Quality of Service (QoS) for IoT applications to ensure a high secured communication environment in edge computing. This paper reviews different existing green energy strategies based on blockchain technology in mobile crowd sensing. Mobile crowd sensing refers to all computational aspects related to smart city, smart home‐care, smart grid, smart transportations, smart medical systems, smart industry, manufacturing, and smart farming in IoT environments. This review aims to classify principles and technical aspects of green energy strategies based on blockchain technology in mobile crowd sensing with respect to technical aspects, applied algorithms, evaluation factors, and evaluation environments. Based on Systematic Literature Review (SLR), we selected 37 high potential and key relevant research studies to consider in this review. Based on analytical results, 35% of them were considered as private‐based blockchain methods, 33% of them were applied to the public‐based blockchain methods, 24% of them were considered as consortium‐based blockchain methods, and 8% of them were as hybrid‐based blockchain methods.
Elevated temperature thermal properties of advanced materials used in LSF systems
Authors: Gnanachelvam Sayilacksha , Mahendran Mahen , Ariyanayagam Anthony 
Published: January 2021

SUMMARYLightweight cold‐formed steel (CFS) construction solutions are increasingly adopted in low and mid‐rise buildings. Many different materials are used to construct CFS wall systems, without a full understanding of their thermal properties. For many of these materials, only ambient temperature thermal properties are available from their manufacturers. This creates difficulty in classifying the materials for use at elevated temperatures. In this study, a series of elevated temperature thermal property tests to measure specific heat, thermal conductivity, and mass loss was conducted for a range building materials from wallboards, insulation, and phase‐change materials (PCMs), used in Australia and several other countries. Simultaneous Thermal Analyser and Laser Flash Apparatus were used to determine the elevated temperature thermal properties of the selected materials, gypsum plasterboard, PCM incorporated gypsum plasterboard, magnesium sulphate board, fibre cement board, cellulose insulation, vacuum insulation panel, microencapsulated paraffin PCM, and bio‐based PCM. Their elevated temperature thermal properties are presented in this article, which also includes analyses of their chemical composition and associated chemical reactions at elevated temperatures. These results can be used in the selection of suitable energy‐efficient and fire‐resistive materials, and in heat transfer modeling to identify wall configurations with increased fire resistance and energy efficiency.
Genome‐wide association study in diverse Iranian wheat germplasms detected several putative genomic regions associated with stem rust resistance
Authors: Saremirad Ali , Bihamta Mohammad Reza , Malihipour Ali , Mostafavi Khodadad , Alipour Hadi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractStem rust is one of the most important diseases, threatening global wheat production. Identifying genomic regions associated with resistance to stem rust at the seedling stage may contribute wheat breeders to introduce durably resistant varieties. Genome‐wide association study (GWAS) approach was applied to detect stem rust (Sr) resistance genes/QTLs in a set of 282 Iranian bread wheat varieties and landraces. Germplasms evaluated for infection type and latent period in four races of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt). A total of 3 QTLs for infection type (R2 values from 9.54% to 10.76%) and 4 QTLs for the latent period (R2 values from 8.97% to 12.24%) of studied Pgt races were identified in the original dataset. However, using the imputed SNPs dataset, the number of QTLs for infection type increased to 10 QTLs (R2 values from 8.12% to 11.19%), and for the latent period increased to 44 QTLs (R2 values from 9.47% to 26.70%). According to the results, the Iranian wheat germplasms are a valuable source of resistance to stem rust which can be used in wheat breeding programs. Furthermore, new information for the selection of resistant genotypes against the disease through improving marker‐assisted selection efficiency has been suggested.
Nutritional impact of adding a serving of mushrooms on usual intakes and nutrient adequacy using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2016 data
Authors: Fulgoni Victor L. , Agarwal Sanjiv 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTo evaluate the nutritional impact of adding a serving of mushrooms on usual intakes and population adequacy of nutrients the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2016 dietary data for 9–18 years and 19+ years and a composite of commonly consumed raw mushrooms as well as oyster mushrooms (nutrient profiles from USDA data) were used for modeling. Usual intakes of nutrients and the percent population below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) or above the Adequate Intake (AI) were estimated before and after addition of mushrooms. Means with nonoverlapping 95th percentile confidence levels were used to assess meaningful differences. Addition of a serving (84 g) of mushrooms to the diet resulted in an increase in dietary fiber (5%–6%), copper (24%–32%), phosphorus (6%), potassium (12%–14%), selenium (13%–14%), zinc (5%–6%), riboflavin (13%–15%), niacin (13%–14%), and choline (5%–6%) in both adolescents and adults; and in iron (2.32%), thiamin (4.07%), folate (3.66%), and vitamin B6 (4.64%) in adults only, but had no impact on energy, carbohydrate, fat, or sodium. Addition of a serving of mushrooms also decreased the % below EAR for copper, phosphorus, and riboflavin for those 9–18 years and for copper, phosphorus, selenium, zinc, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, folate, and vitamin B6 for those 19+ years and increased the % above AI for potassium for both age groups. Addition of oyster mushrooms additionally increased 12%–13% vitamin D, and 12%–15% choline in the NHANES 2011–2016 diets. Addition of mushrooms exposed to UV light to increase vitamin D levels to 5 µg/serving also almost doubled vitamin D intake (98%–104%) and decreased inadequacy. Addition of a serving of mushrooms would also add 2.2 mg ergothioneine and 3.5 mg glutathione to the diet. Addition of a mushroom serving to the diet would increase several micronutrients including shortfall nutrients, without having any impact on energy, sodium, or fat.
Evidence for interhemispheric imbalance in stroke patients as revealed by combining transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography
Authors: Casula Elias Paolo , Pellicciari Maria Concetta , Bonnì Sonia , Spanò Barbara , Ponzo Viviana , Salsano Ilenia , Giulietti Giovanni , Martino Cinnera Alex , Maiella Michele , Borghi Ilaria , Rocchi Lorenzo , Bozzali Marco , Sallustio Fabrizio , Caltagirone Carlo , Koch Giacomo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInterhemispheric interactions in stroke patients are frequently characterized by abnormalities, in terms of balance and inhibition. Previous results showed an impressive variability, mostly given to the instability of motor‐evoked potentials when evoked from the affected hemisphere. We aim to find reliable interhemispheric measures in stroke patients with a not‐evocable motor‐evoked potential from the affected hemisphere, by combining transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography. Ninteen stroke patients (seven females; 61.26 ± 9.8 years) were studied for 6 months after a first‐ever stroke in the middle cerebral artery territory. Patients underwent four evaluations: clinical, cortical, corticospinal, and structural. To test the reliability of our measures, the evaluations were repeated after 3 weeks. To test the sensitivity, 14 age‐matched healthy controls were compared to stroke patients. In stroke patients, stimulation of the affected hemisphere did not result in any inhibition onto the unaffected. The stimulation of the unaffected hemisphere revealed a preservation of the inhibition mechanism onto the affected. This resulted in a remarkable interhemispheric imbalance, whereas this mechanism was steadily symmetric in healthy controls. This result was stable when cortical evaluation was repeated after 3 weeks. Importantly, patients with a better recovery of the affected hand strength were the ones with a more stable interhemispheric balance. Finally, we found an association between microstructural integrity of callosal fibers, suppression of interhemispheric TMS‐evoked activity and interhemispheric connectivity. We provide direct and sensitive cortical measures of interhemispheric imbalance in stroke patients. These measures offer a reliable means of distinguishing healthy and pathological interhemispheric dynamics.
Impact assessment of anthropogenic activities on the ecological systems in the Xiongan New Area in the North China Plain
Authors: Ma Rong , Li Lei , Zhang Bing 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess the impact of anthropogenic activities on the ecological systems in the Xiongan New Area (XNA), China. Artificial sweeteners (ASs) were used as anthropogenic tracers to investigate how anthropogenic activities affect water, soil, and plant layers. For this purpose, the concentrations of 4 typical ASs, acesulfame (ACE), sucralose (SUC), saccharin (SAC), and cyclamate (CYC) were measured in water, soil, and plant layers. Moreover, a tracer test was conducted in the critical zone observatory (CZO) in the southern part of the study area to investigate the migration path and time of anthropogenic activities on the ecological systems. Acesulfame, SUC, SAC, and CYC were widely detected in all of the sample types, and their average values were 0.22, 0.53, 0.06, and 0.08 µg/L in the water layer; 0.04, 0.18, 0.06, and 0.06 µg/kg in the soil layer; and 1.79, 0.11, 4.42, and 0.95 µg/kg in the plant layer, respectively. The tracer test showed that 1.1% to 1.8% of the impacts of the anthropogenic activities migrated from the surface to the shallow aquifer within 13 d, 6% to 19% migrated to the maize layer within 28 d, and 79% to 93% were adsorbed and biodegraded in the soil layer. Therefore, the scope and strength of the influence of the anthropogenic activities on the environmental media exhibit a decreasing sequence of maize &gt; water &gt; soil. This study not only quantitatively characterizes the impact of anthropogenic activities on the ecological environment but also presents the first comprehensive overview of the environmental fate of ASs in the critical zone of the XNA, China. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:866–876. © 2021 SETAC