bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inter-observer agreement and inter-imaging accuracy in sinus computed tomography scans and panoramic radiography on signs of local dentoalveolar bone loss and periapical radiolucency
Authors: Julkunen-Iivari Anna , Apajalahti Satu , Saat Riste , Heikkinen Anna Maria , Meurman Jukka H. , Toppila-Salmi Sanna 
Published: May 2021

Background:
There can be variability between observer's opinions when reading radiographic images.

Aims:
The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate inter-observer agreement and inter-imaging accuracy regarding radiological signs of local dentoalveolar bone loss and apical radiolucency on sinonasal computed tomography (CT) images and Panoramic tomography (PTG) images.

Materials and Methods:
Imaging data of 59 patients with oral maxillofacial or sinonasal diseases were used. Radiological signs of local dentoalveolar bone loss and apical radiolucency were analyzed blinded. Using Cohen's kappa statistic the reproducibility of the findings between the oral radiologist and three other observers were compared. Inter-imaging accuracy was calculated, based on the records by the oral radiologist.

Results:
Inter-observer agreement between the oral radiologist and the three different professionals was from poor (kappa - 0.054) to moderate (kappa 0.455) with PTG and CT scans. Inter-imaging accuracy was moderate (0.565) to very good (0.908).

Conclusions:
This study showed a large diagnostic variation between the oral radiologist and the three professional observers in recording signs of local dentoalveolar bone loss and periapical radiolucency. This finding indicates that before final treatment plan of the patient, multi-professional consultation is recommended. PTG may not be as reliable imaging method as CT.
Can a panoramic radiograph predict the inferior alveolar nerve canal's position, or canal compression, near third molar root apices?
Authors: Cervenka Peter D. , Burkes Jason N. , Steffy Douglas D. 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Injury to the inferior alveolar nerve can occur during surgical removal of the mandibular third molars (M3Ms), resulting in numbness of the mandibular teeth, chin, and lower lip. This occurs when the roots of M3M compress the inferior alveolar canal (IAC) against the lingual cortical plate. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) reveals the buccolingual relationship of the IAC and M3M, but the panoramic radiograph (PR) has not been evaluated to determine whether the plane film can reveal this relationship.

Aims:
The aim of the study is to determine whether PR could predict buccal or lingual IAC position or compression near M3M.

Design:
This retrospective study evaluated 200 M3M sites in 42 women and 67 men, aged 17–28 years. Ninety-one bilateral measurements were taken; 98 left and 102 right halves were analyzed.

Methods:
IAC position and degree of compression were interpreted from the CBCT. Utilizing imaging software, 13 different measurements were obtained.

Statistical Analyses:
Fisher's exact test, t-test, principal component analysis, and multivariate analysis were utilized.

Results:
Male and female canal positions significantly differed. Canal position was significantly different comparing partially erupted to erupted and fully bony impacted molars. Lingual canal position, versus buccal, was more frequently associated with moderate-to-severe IAC compression. “Anterior-posterior ramus at the occlusal plane” and “anterior ramus to anterior IAC at the occlusal plane” contributed most to the severity of IAC compression.

Conclusion:
The variables evaluated did not identify a significant relationship. A larger data set is needed to evaluate any role the dimension of the ramus has on IAC compression.
An Institution-Based Cross-Sectional Study on the Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy From Kolkata
Authors: Dutta Chowdhury Mita Saha , Bandyopadhyay Sabyasachi , Chakraborty Sisir , Banerjee Prithwijit 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication as a consequence of prolonged hyperglycemia and other risk factors. It is seen in both types of diabetes mellitus (DM) and can lead to progressive vision loss. Many prevalence studies were undertaken in the past, but the eastern part of India was less explored.

Aim:
(1) The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of DR among both types of DM patients in an institution-based population of Kolkata. (2) To compare the clinic-biochemical profiles of patients with and without DR.

Materials and Methods:
From January 2019 to December 2019, 313 patients with a history of DM were screened for DR using slit-lamp bio microscopy with +90D lens after dilating the pupils. Classification of DR was done on the basis of International Clinical classification of DR. Metabolic profile of all participants was noted.

Results:
The overall prevalence of DR was 16.60% (14.37% nonproliferative and 2.23% proliferative). The prevalence was 80% and 15.58% among Type 1 and 2 DM patients, respectively. Diabetic macular edema was observed in 2.54% of cases. Highest prevalence (38.46%) was observed in patients suffering for more than 20 years of DM. The duration of DM was significantly higher among DR patients (9.46 ± 5.23 years vs. 7.34 ± 5.57; P = 0.012). Patients with DR also displayed significantly higher levels of glycated hemoglobin, creatinine, and albumin-creatinine ratio in comparison to the patients without DR.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of DR from an institution of Eastern India is comparable to other institutional studies conducted in the various parts of the country. The prevalence is higher among Type 1 DM patients. Nonproliferative DR is the most common type. Comparatively, DR patients had a longer duration of DM. Glycemic control and renal statuses are poor in DR than non-DR patients.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Evidence-Based Practice Among Health-Care Professionals
Authors: Rajpal Deepali , Lal Manu Mathew , Vyas Varsha , Vardhan Vikram , Gehdoo R. P. , Patil Surekha 
Published: May 2021

Objective:
To study knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of evidence-based practice (EBP) among health-care professionals (HCPs).

Materials and Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, a pre-tested questionnaire regarding KAP related to EBP was administered to HCPs. The responses were compared based on level of education, work profile and years of experience.

Results:
Out of 93 HCPs (47.31% male), 64 (68.82%) were Doctor of Medicine or Master of Surgery and 63 (69.23%) were in clinical practice. Thirteen (14%) had experience of <5 years. Eighty seven (93.55%) HCPs were aware about the term “EBP.” Fifty-three (56.99%) were aware about core elements of EBP with significant difference in responses based on level of education (P < 0.0001). Sixty-two (66.67%) had understanding regarding usage of research findings in clinical practice with significant difference based on the level of education (P = 0.003586). Forty-five (48.39%) reported having discussions at workplace about EBP with significant difference based on level of education (P = 0.03991). Seventy-one (76.34%) HCPs responded that they ask patients about their preferences and consider them in decision-making. Eighty-two (88.17%) HCPs showed interest in improving knowledge of EBP with significant difference based on the highest level of education (P = 0.04043).

Conclusion:
In the studied population, awareness about the term “EBP” was good. There is further scope for improvement in literature search, understanding core elements of EBP, critical analysis of research findings, statistics, and knowledge to implement EBP. Most of the study population showed interest in improving knowledge about EBP.
Peer-Assisted Learning Versus Faculty Led Learning in Procedural Skill Acquisition Utilizing Skills Laboratory
Authors: George Kalpana , Rahim Asma , Moorkoth Anitha Puduvail , Pangat Balakrishnan Shabina Methele 
Published: May 2021

Background:
The aims of this study were to compare the outcomes of faculty led learning with peer assisted learning in acquiring procedural skills and to analyze perceptions on the learning experience of both groups so that feasibility of adopting peer teaching can be considered in the skills laboratory.

Methods:
Medical students from 4th semester were divided into two groups – A - Individual learners and B - peer tutored students. Group A was taught bladder catheterization by faculty. Six volunteers were chosen as peer teachers, trained by faculty to perform and teach the procedure. Each peer teacher was assessed for training skills. Five to six students were then assigned to each peer teacher. At the end of the study period, each student was assessed for skills acquired by objective structured practical examination. Feedback from students on perceptions of their learning experience was collected using validated feedback instrument.

Results:
Fifty-seven students excluding peer teachers were assessed–30 in Group A and 27 in Group B. Mean competency scores of Group B was higher than those of Group A (P < 0.012). Median scores of perceptions on overall skill development, teacher contribution, and student satisfaction were not different between the groups.

Conclusion:
This study has demonstrated that peer teaching can be an effective and feasible tool to teach basic procedural skills to students. Perceptions on the learning experiences of individual and peer led groups in the skills laboratory were not different emphasizing the acceptability of the peer tutor approach.
A Retrospective Clinico-Epidemiological Study of Leprosy Cases Treated at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Western Maharashtra
Authors: Vashisht Deepak , Shankar Prerna , Pathania Vikas , Sharma Surabhi , Sandhu Sunmeet , Venugopal Ruby 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Leprosy is a chronic communicable disease caused by Mycobacterium Leprae. Despite the multidrug regimen against this formidable pathogen for nearly four decades, leprosy remains a public health scourge. The World Health Organization has intensified its efforts to eliminate leprosy by launching “Global Leprosy Strategy 2016–2020. Notwithstanding, India had accounted for 60% of new cases globally in 2016.

Aims:
The aim of this study is to describe the clinical and epidemiological spectrum of leprosy patients encountered at a tertiary care center in Western Maharashtra.

Settings and Design:
Record-based, retrospective, descriptive study.

Methods:
Case records of leprosy patients treated at a tertiary care hospital over 10 years were studied. Two hundred and thirteen cases that fulfilled the World Health Organization's 1998 case definition of leprosy and whose case records were replete with a basic demographic, case history, examination, and treatment details were included in the study.

Statistical Analysis:
Data were compiled in MS Excel and analyzed with the SPSS statistical software version 20.

Results:
Majority (87.3%) cases were multibacillary leprosy. A significant number of patients had borderline tuberculoid leprosy (71.5%). Meantime taken for the diagnosis, i.e., time taken from the onset of symptoms to diagnosis was 271.74 days. Contact tracing could be elicited in only 1.4% of cases. A light-colored numb patch was the most common clinical presentation in 79% of patients. 96.7% of patients had peripheral nerve thickening, of which, the ulnar nerve was the most frequently involved (93.5%). Ninety-nine (46.5%) cases had documented leprosy reactions. Grade 2 disability accounted for 23% cases with claw hand as the most common deformity in17.4%.

Conclusions:
The present study provides an insight into disease burden as well as the effectiveness of health services at a tertiary care hospital in Western Maharashtra. The study also highlights the importance of early diagnosis and management of leprosy and reactions, thereby minimizing deformities and disabilities.
Screening before Marriage is Important
Authors: Shukla Vineeta , Mondal Tushar Kanti , Ray Kuntala , Dutta Sinjita , Mandal Murari Mohan , Basu Mausumi 
Published: May 2021

Introduction:
Thalassemia is the most common single gene disorder globally and has high burden in India. Education to eligible couples about the risk of conceiving a child with thalassemia is important for its prevention as well as for reducing psychosocial impact on them and improving family health.

Objectives:
To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding thalassemia among eligible couples residing in a slum of Kolkata and to find out the determinants of inadequate knowledge, negative attitude, and bad practice among them.

Materials and Methods:
A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in a slum in Kolkata, from October-December 2019 among 300 study population using a pre designed, pretested structured schedule by face-to-face interview method. All statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 16.0 and correlation of variables was seen using Pearson's Chi Square Test and Odds Ratio.

Results:
About 53.33% of the study population had adequate knowledge; 50.33% had positive attitude but only 9.67% had good practice.

Conclusion:
Eligible couples lack adequate knowledge on thalassemia; their attitude was positive but practice was bad. Significant determinants of inadequate knowledge were female gender, level of education and socio-economic status; of negative attitude-religion, level of education and socio-economic status whereas of bad practice – age, level of education and socio-economic status.
A Study of Perceived Stress, Burnout, and Job Satisfaction of Doctors and Nonmedical Staff in a Medical College of West Bengal During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Chaudhuri Arunima , Paul Suhrita , Mondal Tanushree , Goswami Ayan 
Published: May 2021

Background:
The COVID-19 crisis has placed additional pressure on doctors and the health-care system in general, and the research shows that extra pressure brings a greater risk of psychological distress.

Aims:
To study perceived stress levels, burnout, and job satisfaction of doctors and non-medical staff in a medical college of West Bengal during COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional, observational study was carried out on 105 doctors (Group A) and 64 non-medical staff (Group B) in Burdwan Medical College after taking institutional ethical clearance and informed consent of the subjects. An online semistructured questionnaire was developed, with a consent form attached to it. The specific instruments which were included in the survey were job satisfaction scale, perceived stress scale (PSS), and abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventory.

Results:
PSS of Group A was 18.68 ± 4.248 and of Group B was 18.625 ± 4.082;P value: 0.931. There was no significant difference in the perceived stress score between the two groups, but perceived stress scores in both groups were significantly higher than average score. Average score is considered as 13. 44% in Group A had PSS 20 or above and 42% in Group B had PSS 20 or above; P = 0.775 and Chi-square 0.0816. Job satisfaction score in Group A was 36.97 ± 6.32 and Group B was 37.81 ± 4.99;P value: 0.346. In Group A, 22.12% had scores between 42 and 50 (indicates very high job satisfaction); 26.92% had scores between 39 and 41 (high job satisfaction); 36.54% had scores between 32 and 38 (average job satisfaction); 7.69% had scores between 27 and 31 (low job satisfaction); and 7.69% had scores between 10 and 26 (very low job satisfaction). In Group B, 31.25% had scores between 42 and 50 (indicates very high job satisfaction); 18.75% had scores between 39 and 41 (high job satisfaction); 37.5% had scores between 32 and 38 (average job satisfaction); and 12.5% had scores between 27 and 31 (low job satisfaction). PSS was negatively correlated with job satisfaction score in both groups with more negative correlation in Group A as compared to Group B (Group A – r value: −0.21069; Group B – r value: −0.08197); satisfaction with medicine scores was 12.96 ± 3.34; depersonalization scores: 5 ± 2.3; personal accomplishment scores: 12.096 ± 3.457; and emotional exhaustion scores: 6.66 ± 3.42.

Conclusions:
Doctors as well as non-medical staff perceived high stress during the COVID-19 pandemic, but they were mostly satisfied with their jobs and burnout scores were not alarming.
Hand Hygiene in Housekeeping Staffs
Authors: Dutta Sinjita , Mishra Ankita , Basu Mausumi 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Hand hygiene is the single most important measure for preventing infection. However, this is often insufficiently recognized by the housekeeping staffs, who are not involved in direct patient care but have frequent contact with the patient's environment. This could lead to increase in transmission of nosocomial infections.

Objectives:
The objectives of this study were to analyze the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding hand hygiene among housekeeping staffs of a tertiary care hospital in Kolkata.

Materials and Methods:
A descriptive type of observational study with cross-sectional design was conducted on 260 housekeeping staffs of a tertiary care hospital in Kolkata in 2019 using a predesigned, pretested, and structured schedule. The statistical analysis was done using Microsoft Office Excel 2007 (Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA, USA) and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0.

Results:
83.5% and 60.4% of the study population had satisfactory attitude and practice regarding hand hygiene, respectively, but only 37.3% had a satisfactory knowledge. Working in pediatrics and OBG departments had statistically significant odds of satisfactory knowledge (P < 0.05). Female gender and working in surgical/medical departments showed statistically significant odds (P < 0.05) of having positive attitude. Experience of ≤5 years in this work and receiving training had a positive association with good practice of hand hygiene.

Conclusion:
The overall low scores on the knowledge items indicate that these staffs require continuous in-house training on hand hygiene throughout their employment.
Mycoplasma genitalium Antibody among Infertile Women in Kano, Northwestern Nigeria
Authors: Bakori Hafsat Sagir , Idris Abdulrazak Muhammad , Kumurya Abdulhadi Sale 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Infertility is an emerging health problem in many countries of the world including Nigeria. In many instances of asymptomatic or oligosymptomatic infection in women with infertility, it is difficult to find the etiological cause. Mycoplasma genitalium can be a cause of such asymptomatic infections and easily overlooked by clinicians. These bacteria can cause pelvic inflammatory disease leading to infertility. The seroprevalence of M. genitalium among infertile women will help in determining the extent of infection and define the medical attention it deserves.

Objective:
The study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of M. genitalium among women with infertility in Kano metropolis.

Materials and Methods:
About 2 mL of blood samples was collected from 59 infertile women attending infertility clinics and 31 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics (as controls) at Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital, Kano. ELISA kit (Sunlog Biotech, M. genitalium) was used to detect the presence of M. genitalium antibody (MG-IgG).

Results:
Most of the participants in both groups found to have positive M. genitalium-IgG, with 50 (84.7%) among infertile women and 28 (90.3%) among fertile women. Among all the possible risk factors observed, only vaginal discharge was found to have a statistically significant relationship with the presence of M. genitalium-IgG (P = 0.0356).

Conclusion:
The study observed that M. genitalium has no significant association with infertility in Kano because the observed prevalence in the control group is a little bit higher than that of the study participants. The high prevalence of M. genitalium-IgG obtained among infertile and fertile women strongly suggests that they are not always associated with symptoms, thus supporting the need for screening among women of reproductive age.
Effects of Combining Core Muscle Activation with Treadmill Walk on Endurance of Trunk Muscles
Authors: Olowe Olajide Olubanji , Sokunbi Ganiyu Oluwaleke , Okafor Udoka Chris A , Amusa Adewale Musibau 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Abdominal bracing is one of the most effective techniques for core muscle training, which if combined with treadmill walk (TW) could provide trunk muscle endurance Trunk muscle endurance, despite being observed as an important factor and a huge component of core spinal stability, especially in holding up the spine during prolonged functional activity, prevention and rehabilitation of lumbar mechanical problems and performance enhancer in sports, the impacts of combining core muscle activation with TW exercises on trunk muscle endurance has not be succinctly investigated.

Aims:
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of combining abdominal bracing with TW on trunk muscles endurance.

Materials and Methods:
Eighteen apparently healthy young adults were randomized into three groups (TW without abdominal bracing, TW combined with abdominal bracing and control). McGill endurance test measures were carried out at baseline and after 6 weeks of intervention. All participants followed the assigned intervention protocols.

Results:
One way analysis of variance did not show a significant between-group difference in the postintervention endurance of trunk muscle among the three groups (P > 0.05). In the TW combined with the abdominal bracing group, paired-t test showed significant within-group difference in the form of an increase in the holding times (endurance) for the right lateral flexors (t = −3.758, P = 0.013), left lateral flexors (t = −4.096, P = 0.005), and extensors (t = −2.441, P = 0.050).

Conclusion:
Combining abdominal bracing with TW can be used to improve trunk muscle function through facilitation of trunk muscle endurance.
GEOGRAFIA ESCOLAR, EDUCAÇÃO GEOGRÁFICA, AUTONOMIA DOCENTE E QUESTÃO CONCEITUAL:
Authors: Eder Batista Edimar 
Published: May 2021

Este artigo apresenta algumas reflexões teóricas acerca do ensino de Geografia na educação básica, no intuito de problematizar a Geografia escolar enquanto leitura espacial de mundo. Entende-se que sua constituição requer que a atuação do professor e dos alunos, nos processos de ensino e aprendizagem, ocorra segundo as perspectivas da educação geográfica, cuja efetivação atrela-se à construção de discursos e de um vocabulário geográficos possíveis somente via apropriação conceitual. Identificou-se a autonomia docente como o meio, o elemento propiciador das possíveis ligações tecidas entre Geografia escolar, educação geográfica e questão conceitual, e propôs-se um desenho para tal tessitura. Espera-se que este texto contribua para a atuação docente geográfica autônoma e autoral e para a assunção do professor de Geografia enquanto sujeito epistêmico.
Palavras-chave
Geografia escolar, Atuação docente, Professor, Autonomia docente, Conceitos.

SCHOOL GEOGRAPHY, GEOGRAPHIC EDUCATION, TEACHING AUTONOMY AND CONCEPTUAL ISSUE: making connections
Abstract
This article presents some theoretical reflections about the teaching of Geography in basic education, in order to discuss school Geography as a spatial reading of the world. It is understood that its constitution requires that the performance of the teacher and the students, in the teaching and learning processes, take place according to the perspectives of geographic education, whose implementation is linked to the construction of speeches and some geographical vocabulary possible only via conceptual appropriation. Teaching autonomy was identified as the means, the element that facilitates the potential connections made between school geography, geographic education and conceptual issues, and a design was proposed for such organization. It is expected that this text will contribute to an autonomous and authorial geographical teaching performance and to the assumption of the Geography teacher as an epistemic subject.
Keywords
School geography, Teaching performance, Teacher, Teaching autonomy, Concepts.