bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-Lasting Imprint in the Soluble Inflammatory Milieu Despite Early Treatment of Acute Symptomatic Hepatitis C
Authors: Khera Tanvi , Du Yanqin , Todt Daniel , Deterding Katja , Strunz Benedikt , Hardtke Svenja , Aregay Amare , Port Kerstin , Hardtke-Wolenski Matthias , Steinmann Eike , Björkström Niklas K , Manns Michael P , Hengst Julia , Cornberg Markus , Wedemeyer Heiner 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundTreatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection leads to partial restoration of soluble inflammatory mediators (SIMs). In contrast, we hypothesized that early DAA treatment of acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) with DAAs may normalize most SIMs.MethodsIn this study, we made use of a unique cohort of acute symptomatic hepatitis C patients who cleared HCV with a 6-week course of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir. Plasma samples were used for proximity extension assay measuring 92 proteins.ResultsProfound SIM alterations were observed in acute HCV patients, with marked upregulation of interleukin (IL)-6 and CXCL-10, whereas certain mediators were downregulated (eg, monocyte chemoattractant protein-4, IL-7). During treatment and follow-up, the majority of SIMs decreased but not all normalized (eg, CDCP1, IL-18). Of note, SIMs that were downregulated before DAA treatment remained suppressed, whereas others that were initially unchanged declined to lower values during treatment and follow-up (eg, CD244).ConclusionsAcute hepatitis C was associated with marked changes in the soluble inflammatory milieu compared with both chronic hepatitis patients and healthy controls. Whereas early DAA treatment partly normalized this altered signature, long-lasting imprints of HCV remained.
Sharing Saddles: Oligarchs and Officers on Horseback in Egypt and Tunisia
Authors: Kinney Drew Holland 
Published: January 2021

AbstractResearch on the military's removal from politics overemphasizes the attitudes and interests of officers. Civilians are portrayed as incapable of confronting refractory men with guns. This essay compares regime transitions in Egypt (2011–2013) and Tunisia (2011–2014) to show that unified civilian elites strengthen and polarized elites undermine civilian control of the armed forces. Research for the cases is based on interviews with Egyptian and Tunisian businesspersons, party members, and civil society activists; the International Consortium of Investigation Journalists's tax-offshoring database; loan disbursements from the IMF and World Bank; and secondary sources in Arabic, French, and English. The cases reveal novel insights about the military's removal from politics in fledgling democracies. Pleasing Egypt's officers did not shield President Mohamed Morsi of the Muslim Brotherhood from a coup in July 2013 because Morsi and the Brotherhood threatened the wealth and power of civilian politicians and oligarchs. In Tunisia, Islamist and non-Islamist political and economic elites pushed democratization for fear of another Ben “Ali-style kleptocracy. Even during crisis in 2013, united civilian elites contained opposition calls for army intervention. The study's findings suggest that democratizers are not at the mercy of soldiers, but rather civilian leaders have the power to sideline their armies.
Arthropod Demography, Distribution, and Dispersion in a Novel Trap-Cropped Cotton Agroecosystem
Authors: Hagler James R , Thompson Alison L , Machtley Scott A , Casey Miles T 
Published: January 2021

AbstractVernonia [Vernonia galamensis (Cass.) Less.] (Asterales: Asteraceae) was examined as a potential trap crop for the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L., Malvales: Malvaceae) arthropod complex. Four rows of vernonia were embedded within a 96-row cotton field. The abundance of true bug pests, true bug predators, and spiders were determined by whole-plant and sweep net sampling procedures during the early, middle, and late phases of the cotton-growing season. The census data showed that the arthropods had a strong preference for the vernonia trap crop throughout the cotton-growing season. The movement of the arthropods from the trap crop into cotton was also measured using the protein immunomarking technique as a mark–capture procedure. The arthropods inhabiting the vernonia trap crop were marked directly in the field with a broadcast spray application of egg albumin (protein) during each phase of the study. In turn, the captured specimens were examined for the presence of the mark by an egg albumin-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Very few marked specimens were captured beyond the vernonia trap crop 1, 3, and 6 d after each marking event. The arthropods’ strong attraction and fidelity to vernonia indicate that it could serve as a trap crop for cotton pests and a refuge for natural enemies.
Risk of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer in Association With Use of Hydrochlorothiazide-Containing Products in the United States
Authors: Eworuke Efe , Haug Nicole , Bradley Marie , Cosgrove Austin , Zhang Tancy , Dee Elizabeth C , Adimadhyam Sruthi , Petrone Andrew , Lee Hana , Woodworth Tiffany , Toh Sengwee 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
European studies reported an increased risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer associated with hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)-containing products. We examined the risks of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) associated with HCTZ compared with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) in a US population.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study in the US Food and Drug Administration’s Sentinel System. From the date of HCTZ or ACEI dispensing, patients were followed until a SCC or BCC diagnosis requiring excision or topical chemotherapy treatment on or within 30 days after the diagnosis date or a censoring event. Using Cox proportional hazards regression models, we estimated the hazard ratios (HRs), overall and separately by age, sex, and race. We also examined site- and age-adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRRs) by cumulative HCTZ dose within the matched cohort.

Results
Among 5.2 million propensity–score matched HCTZ and ACEI users, the incidence rate (per 1000 person-years) of BCC was 2.78 and 2.82, respectively, and 1.66 and 1.60 for SCC. Overall, there was no difference in risk between HCTZ and ACEIs for BCC (HR = 0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.97 to 1.00), but there was an increased risk for SCC (HR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.02 to 1.06). HCTZ use was associated with higher risks of BCC (HR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.07 to 1.11) and SCC (HR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.12 to 1.17) among Caucasians. Cumulative HCTZ dose of 50 000 mg or more was associated with an increased risk of SCC in the overall population (IRR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.05 to 1.35) and among Caucasians (IRR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.10 to 1.47).

Conclusions
Among Caucasians, we identified small increased risks of BCC and SCC with HCTZ compared with ACEI. Appropriate risk mitigation strategies should be taken while using HCTZ.
Effects of elevated ozone and nitrogen addition on leaf nitrogen metabolism in poplar
Authors: Shang Bo , Feng Zhaozhong , Peng Jinlong , Xu Yansen , Paoletti Elena 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimsOzone (O3) pollution and nitrogen (N) deposition/fertilization often simultaneously affect plant growth. However, research of their interactive effects on leaf N metabolism is still scarce. We investigated their interactive effects, aiming to better understand plant N metabolism processes and biogeochemical cycles under high O3 pollution and N deposition/fertilization.MethodsPoplar saplings were exposed to two O3 levels (NF, non-filtered ambient air; NF60, NF + 60 ppb O3) and four N treatments (N0, no N added; N50, N0 + 50 kg N ha−1 yr−1; N100, N0 + 100 kg N ha−1 yr−1; N200, N0 + 200 kg N ha−1 yr−1) in open-top chambers for 95 days. The indicators related to leaf N metabolism were analyzed, including the activities of N-metabolizing enzymes and the contents of total N, NO3−-N, NH4+-N, total amino acid (TAA) and total soluble protein (TSP) in the leaves.Important FindingsNF60 stimulated the activities of nitrate reductase (NR) by 47.2% at August relative to NF, and stimulated glutamine synthetase (GS) by 57.3% when averaged across all N treatments and sampling times. In contrast, O3 did not significantly affect TSP and even reduced TAA content in August. Relative to N0, N200 significantly increased light-saturated rate of CO2 assimilation (Asat) by 24%, and increased total N content by 70.3% and 43.3% in August and September, respectively, while it reduced photosynthetic N-use efficiency by 26.1% in August. These results suggest that the increase in Asat and total N content are uncoupled, and that the surplus N is not used to optimize the capacity for carbon assimilation under high N treatment. Simultaneously, high N treatment significantly promoted leaf N metabolism by increasing NO3−-N contents, NH4+-N contents, TAA contents and the activities of NR and GS. There was no significant interaction between O3 and N for all variables.
Antimigratory effect of pyrazole derivatives through the induction of STAT1 phosphorylation in A549 cancer cells
Authors: Şimay Demir Yaprak Dilber , Özdemir Aysun , Özdemir Reyhan Gönbe , Cevher Setenay Cemre , Çalışkan Burcu , Ark Mustafa 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objectives
In cancer treatment, it is important to prevent or slow down metastasis as well as preventing the proliferation of cancer cells. In this study, we aimed to find pyrazole compounds with antimigratory properties.

Methods
The ‘PASSonline’ programme was used to determine the possible pharmacological activities of the pyrazole compounds selected from the library, and two pyrazole derivatives were identified as a transcription factor STAT inhibitor with a high probability. There are studies known that JAK/STAT pathway is related to cancer cell migration, thus the possible antimigratory effects of these two synthesized pyrazole compounds were examined in A549 cancer cells.

Key findings
Our data demonstrated that compound-2 at different concentrations significantly inhibited cell migration in A549 cells. Then, the effects of these compounds on STAT activation were evaluated. We reported that 10 µM compound-2 induced a significant phosphorylation of STAT1 suggesting that STAT1 activation may be responsible for the antimigratory effect of compound-2.

Conclusions
Taken together, the compound-2 is a promising compound with the antimigratory activity for cancer treatment, and further studies are needed to synthesize more active derivatives by evaluating the structure–activity relationship of leading compound-2.
Reforming Benefit-Sharing Mechanisms for Displaced Populations: Evidence from the Ghazi Barotha Hydropower Project, Pakistan
Authors: Yuefang Duan , Ali Sher , Bilal Hazrat 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The concept of benefit-sharing has popular focus in numerous discussions concerning approaches with displacement, development, and sustainable livelihood. It is clear that compensation is inadequate to mitigate impoverishment risks and re-build improved sustainable livelihoods. Benefit-sharing is seen to be a vital option for the improvement and development of re-settler’s livelihoods. Subsequently, this study aims to provide evidence of the present state of policy, benefit-sharing mechanism practices, and approaches in the hydropower sector of Pakistan. The benefit-sharing mechanism is present in some form but it needs new endoresements and reforms within the national resettlement framework of Pakistan. The target case in this study is to investigate the implementation level of benefit-sharing mechanisms in the Ghazi Barotha Hydropower project. It shows an example of some necessary elements of benefit-sharing and has provided a possible solution for solving the dilemma of compensation-based resettlement in Pakistan.
Femoral hernia with vermiform appendix herniation: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Papatheofani Vasiliki , Estaller Wolfgang , Hoffmann Tomas F 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Femoral hernias constitute 2–4% of all groin hernia repairs. Herniation of the vermiform appendix into the femoral hernia sac is rare. The majority of patients with appendix hernias are asymptomatic and diagnosis is made intraoperatively. We report about a case of a female patient presenting with an irreducible right-sided femoral hernia without symptoms.
Heightened Faraday complexity in the inner 1 kpc of the galactic centre
Authors: Livingston J D , McClure-Griffiths N M , Gaensler B M , Seta A , Alger M J 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
We have measured the Faraday rotation of 62 extra-galactic background sources in 58 fields using the CSIRO Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) with a frequency range of 1.1–3.1 GHz with 2048 channels. Our sources cover a region $\sim 12\, \times 12\, \mathrm{deg^{ 2}}$ (∼1 kpc) around the Galactic Centre region. We show that the Galactic Plane for |l| &lt; 10° exhibits large Rotation Measures (RMs) with a maximum |RM| of $1691.2 \pm 4.9\, \mathrm{rad}\, \mathrm{m}^{-2}$ and a mean $|\mathrm{RM}| = 219 \pm 42\, \mathrm{rad}\, \mathrm{m}^{-2}$. The RMs decrease in magnitude with increasing projected distance from the Galactic Plane, broadly consistent with previous findings. We find an unusually high fraction (95 per cent) of the sources show Faraday complexity consistent with multiple Faraday components. We attribute the presences of multiple Faraday rotating screens with widely separated Faraday depths to small-scale turbulent RM structure in the Galactic Centre region. The second-order structure function of the RM in the Galactic Centre displays a line with a gradient of zero for angular separations spanning 0.83°–11° (∼120–1500 pc), which is expected for scales larger than the outer scale (or driving scale) of magneto-ionic turbulence. We place an upper limit on any break in the SF gradient of 66 arcsec, corresponding to an inferred upper limit to the outer scale of turbulence in the inner 1 kpc of the Galactic Centre of 3 pc. We propose stellar feedback as the probable driver of this small-scale turbulence.
The WaZP galaxy cluster sample of the dark energy survey year 1
Authors: Aguena M , Benoist C , da Costa L N , Ogando R L C , Gschwend J , Sampaio-Santos H B , Lima M , Maia M A G , Allam S , Avila S , Bacon D , Bertin E , Bhargava S , Brooks D , Carnero Rosell A , Carrasco Kind M , Carretero J , Costanzi M , De Vicente J , Desai S , Diehl H T , Doel P , Everett S , Evrard A E , Ferrero I , Ferté A , Flaugher B , Fosalba P , Frieman J , García-Bellido J , Giles P , Gruendl R A , Gutierrez G , Hinton S R , Hollowood D L , Honscheid K , James D J , Jeltema T , Kuehn K , Kuropatkin N , Lahav O , Melchior P , Miquel R , Morgan R , Palmese A , Paz-Chinchón F , Plazas A A , Romer A K , Sanchez E , Santiago B , Schubnell M , Serrano S , Sevilla-Noarbe I , Smith M , Soares-Santos M , Suchyta E , Tarle G , To C , Tucker D L , Wilkinson R D 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a new (2+1)D galaxy cluster finder based on photometric redshifts called Wavelet Z Photometric (WaZP) applied to DES first year (Y1A1) data. The results are compared to clusters detected by the South Pole Telescope (SPT) survey and the redMaPPer cluster finder, the latter based on the same photometric data. WaZP searches for clusters in wavelet-based density maps of galaxies selected in photometric redshift space without any assumption on the cluster galaxy populations. The comparison to other cluster samples was performed with a matching algorithm based on angular proximity and redshift difference of the clusters. It led to the development of a new approach to match two optical cluster samples, following an iterative approach to minimize incorrect associations. The WaZP cluster finder applied to DES Y1A1 galaxy survey (1511.13 deg2 up to mi = 23 mag) led to the detection of 60 547 galaxy clusters with redshifts 0.05 &lt; z &lt; 0.9 and richness Ngals ≥ 5. Considering the overlapping regions and redshift ranges between the DES Y1A1 and SPT cluster surveys, all sz based SPT clusters are recovered by the WaZP sample. The comparison between WaZP and redMaPPer cluster samples showed an excellent overall agreement for clusters with richness Ngals (λ for redMaPPer) greater than 25 (20), with 95 per cent recovery on both directions. Based on the cluster cross-match, we explore the relative fragmentation of the two cluster samples and investigate the possible signatures of unmatched clusters.
AGN-driven galactic outflows: comparing models to observations
Authors: Ishibashi W , Fabian A C , Arakawa N 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
The actual mechanism(s) powering galactic outflows in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is still a matter of debate. At least two physical models have been considered in the literature: wind shocks and radiation pressure on dust. Here, we provide a first quantitative comparison of the AGN radiative feedback scenario with observations of galactic outflows. We directly compare our radiation pressure-driven shell models with the observational data from the most recent compilation of molecular outflows on galactic scales. We show that the observed dynamics and energetics of galactic outflows can be reproduced by AGN radiative feedback, with the inclusion of radiation trapping and/or luminosity evolution. The predicted scalings of the outflow energetics with AGN luminosity can also quantitatively account for the observational scaling relations. Furthermore, sources with both ultrafast and molecular outflow detections are found to be located in the ‘forbidden’ region of the NH–λ plane. Overall, an encouraging agreement is obtained over a wide range of AGN and host galaxy parameters. We discuss our results in the context of recent observational findings and numerical simulations. In conclusion, AGN radiative feedback is a promising mechanism for driving galactic outflows that should be considered, alongside wind feedback, in the interpretation of future observational data.
Current mechanisms of primordial follicle activation and new strategies for fertility preservation
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zhou Xiaomei , Zhu Ye , Wang Hanbin , Xu Juan , Su Yiping 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is characterized by symptoms caused by ovarian dysfunction in patients aged &lt;40 years. It is associated with a shortened reproductive lifespan. The only effective treatment for patients who are eager to become pregnant is IVF/Embryo Transfer (ET) using oocytes donated by young women. However, the use of the technique is constrained by the limited supply of oocytes and ethical issues. Some patients with POI still have some residual follicles in the ovarian cortex, which are not regulated by gonadotropin. These follicles are dormant. Therefore, activating dormant primordial follicles (PFs) to obtain high-quality oocytes for assisted reproductive technology may bring new hope for patients with POI. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the factors related to PF activation, such as the intercellular signaling network, the internal microenvironment of the ovary and the environment of the organism. In addition, we discussed new strategies for fertility preservation, such as in vitro activation and stem cell transplantation.
DAZAP2 acts as specifier of the p53 response to DNA damage
Authors: Liebl Magdalena C , Moehlenbrink Jutta , Becker Huong , Raddatz Günter , Abdeen Suhaib K , Aqeilan Rami I , Lyko Frank , Hofmann Thomas G 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The DNA damage-responsive tumor suppressors p53 and HIPK2 are well established regulators of cell fate decision-making and regulate the cellular sensitivity to DNA-damaging drugs. Here, we identify Deleted in Azoospermia-associated protein 2 (DAZAP2), a small adaptor protein, as a novel regulator of HIPK2 and specifier of the DNA damage-induced p53 response. Knock-down or genetic deletion of DAZAP2 strongly potentiates cancer cell chemosensitivity both in cells and in vivo using a mouse tumour xenograft model. In unstressed cells, DAZAP2 stimulates HIPK2 polyubiquitination and degradation through interplay with the ubiquitin ligase SIAH1. Upon DNA damage, HIPK2 site-specifically phosphorylates DAZAP2, which terminates its HIPK2-degrading function and triggers its re-localization to the cell nucleus. Interestingly, nuclear DAZAP2 interacts with p53 and specifies target gene expression through modulating a defined subset of p53 target genes. Furthermore, our results suggest that DAZAP2 co-occupies p53 response elements to specify target gene expression. Collectively, our findings propose DAZAP2 as novel regulator of the DNA damage-induced p53 response that controls cancer cell chemosensitivity.
When “Peripheral” Becomes “Central”: Primary and Secondary Malignant Intracerebral Nerve Sheath Tumor: A Case Report and a Systematic Review
Authors: Rubino Franco , Eichberg Daniel G , Shah Ashish H , Luther Evan M , Lu Victor M , Saad Ali G , Kahn David , Komotar Ricardo J , Ivan Michael E 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe intracerebral occurrence of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) is exceedingly rare, and despite aggressive treatments, local recurrence and poor prognosis are very frequent. Like other brain tumors, these tumors could be primary or secondary, making the term “peripheral” an imprecise term for a primary brain tumor.OBJECTIVETo analyze the reported cases of primary and secondary cerebral MPSNTs in terms of diagnosis, treatment, and overall survival. Additionally, we present a case of malignant intracerebral nerve sheath tumor (MINST) treated with radical surgery and radiotherapy.METHODSUsing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, one database (PubMed) and crossed references were queried for MPNST with brain metastasis and primary MINSTs from 1971 to 2020. Data regarding demographic features, primary tumor site, risk factors, brain location of the lesion, treatment applied, and overall survival were extracted.RESULTSA total of 55 patients were selected (including the reported case): 29 patients were secondary brain MPNST and 26 patients were primary MINST. The mean age was 41.8 ± 22 and 31.2 ± 23 yr, respectively. All brain metastases of MPNST (100%) had a primary tumor elsewhere in the body at the time of diagnosis. The overall survival was significantly shorter in patients with a secondary brain MPNST compared to MINST (P = .002).CONCLUSIONWe present a comprehensive analysis of every reported primary and secondary intracerebral MPNST. The prognosis in terms of survival is worst in the last one despite aggressive treatment. The lack of a primary MPNST in screening tests is sufficient to confirm a MINST at time of diagnosis.