bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency of Diabetic Retinopathy and Factors for Suboptimal Diabetic Control in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in a Trust Hospital of Pakistan
Authors: Riaz Sidrah , Jahangir Tehmina , Khan Tariq 
Published: April 2021

Purpose: To find out the frequency of diabetic retinopathy and factors responsible for poor diabetic control in patients with type 2 diabetes in a trust hospital.
Place and duration of Study: Akhtar Saeed Medical College, from January 2018 to December 2019.
Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study.
Methods: Total 395 diabetic patients belonging to lower socioeconomic class were included in the study. Type 1diabetes, age below 20 years, high myopia, papilledema, dense cataract, corneal scar and patients on dialysis were excluded. Age, gender, duration of disease, family history of diabetes, drugs used for diabetic control, compliance with drug, random serum sugar level at presentation, HBA1c level, best corrected visual acuity, slit lamp and fundus findings were noted.
Results: There were 270 (68.4%) females and 125 (31.6%) males (total 395). Random serum sugar was below 200mg/dl in 188 (47.6%). Family history of diabetes was positive in 145 (36.7%). Duration of diabetes was below ten years in 288 (73%). Visual acuity was less than 6/60 in 36 (6.3%) patients. HbA1c was within normal range in only 124 (31.4%). CSMO was present in 199 (50.37%) patients. Diabetic retinopathy was observed in 57 (14.43%) patients. Patients using oral hypoglycemic agents were 225 (57%), on insulin 151 (38.23%) and19 (4.8%) were using both oral drugs and insulin. Compliance was poor in 294 (74.4%).
Conclusion: Poor monetary resources compounded with lack of knowledge about disease, misconceptions regarding insulin and imbalanced diet are big hurdles in achieving optimal glycemic control in lower socio-economic class.
Key Words: Diabetic Retinopathy, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood serum sugar, clinically significant macular edema.
Demographic Characteristics and Causes of Acquired Non-senile Ptosis: Experience at a Tertiary Oculoplastic Center
Authors: Idris Mohammad , Yaqoob Hassan , Khan Muhammad Adnan , Zar Adnan , Alam Muhib ul 
Published: April 2021

Purpose: To determine the demographic characteristics and causes of acquired, non-senile ptosis in patients presenting to an oculoplastic clinic of a tertiary care centre.
Study Design: Observational case series.
Place and Duration of Study: Lady Reading Hospital, from January 2016 to December 2017.
Methods: Twenty eight patients were fulfilling the inclusion criteria were recruited in the study. Detailed history with complete examination and investigations like electromyography, acetylcholine receptor antibody test and CT/MRI brain were performed when required. Cause of each ptosis was determined and the relative proportions were calculated.
Results: There were 28 cases with acquired, non-senile ptosis. Fifty seven percent were males while females were 42.9%. Patients were divided into four age groups. Most of the patients were in age group of 42–62 years. Eyelid/orbit tumor and Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) was seen in 3.6% and 7.1% patients of < 20 years of age respectively. Myasthenia gravis and thyroid related pseudoptosis was common in patients of 21-41 years. In patients with age 42-62 years, Pseudoptosis due to thyroid disorder was the commonest. In patients with age more than 63 years, 3rd nerve palsy, eyelid/orbital mass and Myasthenia gravis was seen. Third nerve palsy and Pseudoptosis secondary to thyroid and eyelid/orbit mass were more common in males while Myasthenia gravis was more common in females. CPEO was equally seen in both genders with p = 0.575.
Conclusion: Thyroid related eyelid pseudoptosis of the contralateral eye was the commonest cause in this case series.
Key Words: Blepharoptosis, Third nerve palsy, Myasthenia gravis.
Comparison of AC/A Ratio in True and Simulated Divergence Excess Exotropia
Authors: Sagheer Sana , Haider Muhammad Ali , Bukhari Attaullah Shah , Sattar Uzma , Ahmed Iftikhar 
Published: April 2021

Purpose: To compare the accommodation convergence per accommodation ratio (AC/A) in true and simulated divergence excess exotropia.
Study Design: Comparative cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of ophthalmology, Punjab Rangers teaching hospital, Lahore, from July 2019 to December 2019.
Methods: The study included 20 patients each of intermittent exotropia (XT) true and simulated divergence excess exotropia (XT).All the subjects underwent complete orthoptic assessmentthat included AC/A ratio calculation through heterophoria method after monocular occlusion.
Results: The Results showed that patients with true divergence excess exotropia have a high AC/A ratio as compared to patients with simulated divergence excess exotropia who have a normal AC/A ratio. 57% patients showed true divergence excess exotropia with high AC/A ratio while 43% had divergence excess with normal AC/A ratio.
Conclusion: The response of AC/A was found to be higher in patients with true divergence excess exotropia after monocular occlusion.
Key Words: Intermittent exotropia, True simulated divergence excess exotropia, simulated divergence excess exotropia.
Laparoscopic-Assisted Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in Patients With Prior Gastric Bypass Surgery: A Case Series of Technical Challenges
Authors: Aloun Abdulrahman , Al Abeidi Fahad , Alzahrani Ali , Swied Abdul Monem 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Accessing the biliary ducts for performing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and relevant interventional procedures after gastric bypass surgery is technically difficult and frequently unsuccessful due to anatomical alterations. To overcome such technical challenges, laparoscopic-assisted ERCP (LA-ERCP) is used to approach the biliary ducts via nonperoral reliable access for performing different endoscopic biliary interventions. In this case series, we report a total of three patients with different anatomical alterations who underwent LA-ERCP.
Caminhos da Educação do Campo de Nova Santa Rita/RS
Authors: Moreira Rodrigues Andressa Luana , Da Rosa Sabrina Silveira , Lima Robaina José Vicente 
Published: April 2021

Este trabalho tem por objetivo traçar um panorama sobre os caminhos percorridos pela Educação do/no Campo da E.M.E.F Rui Barbosa, de 2013 até 2019, e investigar as atividades pedagógicas introduzidas no contexto escolar desta instituição, a partir do seu Clube de Ciências. Estudo de cunho bibliográfico e descritivo, o qual se ateve para descrição dos dados, diários de bordo de um Clube Ciências, diário de bordo da COOPERB – Cooperativa Escolar, diários de estágios da Faculdade Lecampo-UFRGS, registros dos eventos, cursos e palestras de âmbito municipal. Percebe-se pelos dados que o Clube de Ciências alavancou o trabalho interdisciplinar da escola e também possibilitou a implantação de projetos que auxiliam na formação integral dos educandos, como a cooperativa escolar, o galinheiro pedagógico e a reestruturação do currículo escolar.
Formação de professores em comunidade: uma experiência com docentes que ensinam matemática nos anos iniciais
Authors: Mumbach Simone , Guidotti Charles Dos Santos 
Published: April 2021

Este relato apresenta uma experiência formativa em comunidade aprendente, constituída por professores que ensinam Matemática nos anos iniciais. A referida comunidade, organizada em torno do estudo do Referencial Curricular Gaúcho, desenvolveu atividades assíncronas e síncronas durante o ano de 2019, totalizando 40 horas de formação. Nesta escrita, são apresentadas as compreensões teórico-práticas emergentes sobre o processo formativo constituído. A contar do movimento de análise dos materiais desenvolvidos pelos professores em formação na comunidade, o movimento de entrelaçamento entre teoria (currículo – as expectativas) e prática (ação pedagógica – colocar o currículo em ação) pode representar uma alternativa para o aperfeiçoamento da ação docente. Aponta-se, a formação no coletivo como instrumento instigador de reflexão, possibilitando que os professores repensem suas ações através da partilha de experiências e da discussão coletiva.
INTERIOR IN THE ARCHITECTURE OF TRYPILLIA-CUCUTENI CULTURAL COMPLEX (problems of studies, interpretations and reconstructions)
Authors: Burdo N. В. 
Published: April 2021

The interior of Trypillian houses is not as available object as the interior of the folk architecture to which it actually belongs. The necessary steps to study the interior of Copper Age houses from archeological sites are:

field research and advanced fixation in field documentation of detected interior details / remains;
interpretation of discovered archaeological data;
reconstruction of identified structural elements — the ultimate goal of the study which can be carried out on the basis of the interpretation of archeological objects using the method of study of buildings used by ethnology.

It is necessary to take into account the sacral load of all elements of the dwelling, as well as the factor of transformation of them in the final stage of the settlement’s life into a ritual object. Formally, the following clay interior details can be distinguished: I — various enhancements, including rectangular and round elevations, side elevations, cruciform elevations, and catwalks; II — special clay storage tanks; III — furnaces.
The analysis of the interior of Cucuteni—Trypillya dwellings shows the unity of the architectural tradition from the early up to the final stages. The origins of these traditions are related to the interior and ritual sphere of dwellings and settlements discovered in the oldest Neolithic Cultures of Europe. Clay interior details are characteristic of the architecture of the neo-neolithic crops of South-Eastern Europe. They are especially often recorded in buildings that were burned in ritual fires. Clay interior designs including in the form of rectangular and circular elevations are recorded in buildings of such cultures as Hamangia III, Boyan, Vedastra, different variants and periods of Vinca Culture. The rituals, similar to Trypillian ones, associated with rituals, known in the cultures of Tisza, Kojaderman-Karanovo-Gumelnitsa, Selkutsa.
IMPORT OR IMITATION: CHARACTERISING THE BUDZHAK CULTURE OF THE NORTH-WEST PONTIC REGION
Authors: Ivanova S. V. 
Published: April 2021

Specific feature of the cultural-historical genesis of the North-Western Pontic Region at the turn of the 4th to the 3rd mill. BC is manifested by relations of its population with a foreign cultural environment. This concerns, first and foremost, the Budzhak culture that is a component of the Pit-Grave (Yamna) cultural-historical region. The Budzhak culture represents connections with the Carpathian and Danube, the Corded Ware and the Globular Amphora cultures. The contacts were reflected in two aspects: imports, imitations and parallels in the Budzhak pottery and the occurrence of the Yamna burials found in other territories. Some forms of pottery and elements of its dйcor are rather surprisingly similar to central European groups of the Corded Ware culture. The analysis of the mainland culture of the Budzhak population enables us to assume the existence of contacts with the Corded Ware culture circle as early as in the first half of the 3rd mill. BC.
The current state of research on the movement of Yamna cultural aspect towards west is also discussed in the paper. The recent genetic analysis results the link of Yamna and Corded Ware populations. They were treated as the evidence of direct massive migration of Steppe people into Central Europe. Archaeological data supporting this concept are few if any. The westernmost enclaves of Yamna culture rather indicate limited intrusion of specialized groups aimed at control of exchange routs and raw material extraction places. It is suggested that formation of Balkan-Carpathian variant of Yamna cultural-historical community is connected to the expansion of the tribes of the Budzhak culture of the North-West Pontic region. The western group of Yamna-Budzhac culture is distinctively different from «core» Yamna by typology of pottery while both aspects share the similar burial rites.
The information obtained as a result of many years of excavations of barrows of the North-Western Pontic Region allow defining the Budzhak culture not only as a unique structural entity within the Yamna cultural-historical area but also as a mobile community opened to «cultural dialogue» and capable of long-distance migrations. Indications of that include imports, imitations, derivatives in the material complex, as well as the population’s westward movement to the Central European and Balkan-Carpathian Region.
THE RESEARCHS IN THE MIDDLE DNIESTER BASIN IN 2009—2019
Authors: Starenkyi I. O. , Levinzon Ye. Yu. 
Published: April 2021

The paper deals with the course of exploration of the multilayered archaeological sites of the Middle Dniester within the Kamianets-Podilskyi district of Khmelnytskyi region.
During 2009—2014 P. Boltaniuk (Head of the «Museum of Antiquities» sector of the Kamianets-Podilskyi State Historical Museum-Reserve, hereinafter — K-PSHMR) and I. Starenkyi made a number of explorations on the multilayered site Kamianets-Podilskyi, Tatarysky (Trypillia culture, Chernyakhiv culture, Kievan Rus age) near the Smotrych village.
In 2012 O. Mohylov (Senior Research Fellow, IA NAS of Ukraine) and P. Boltaniuk have explored the multilayered site Malynivtsi on the left bank of the Dniester (Early and Middle Trypillia, Late Chornolis, Early Scy­thian culture, antiquities of the Middle Ages — Modern age).
In 2019 the study of this site was continued by the expedition of the K-PSHMR (authors and P. Boltaniuk) which also made further exploration along the left bank of the Dniester River to the Zhvanets village which permits to survey the sites Malynivtsi, Popivskyi Yar (Trypillia, Early Iron Age, Cherniakhiv, Kievan Rus antiquities), Babshyn (Trypillia A, Chernyakhiv culture), Braga (destroyed).
The authors’ main focus was on the analysis of Middle Trypillia findings from the Kamianets-Podilskyi, Tatarysky and Malynivtsi sites of the BII stage. Firstly the characteristic ornamental features of the pottery were identified. The mapping of the site to the second phase of the Mereshovka local-chronological group was justified.
Concerning the settlement of Malynivtsi the analysis of the pottery complex made it possible to trace the main features of the first phase of the Shypyntsi group and the influences of the Mereshovka ornamental traditions. As a result we managed to attribute the site to the Shypyntsi-Mereshovka contact area.
The history of the study of these monuments is described, the materials obtained are analyzed, the attention is paid to the problems and prospects of studying and preserving the monuments.
FORMATION OF THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL COMPOSITION OF THE POPULATION OF UKRAINE IN COSSACK TIME. STEPPE IMPACT
Authors: Rudych T. O. 
Published: April 2021

The anthropological type of Ukrainians of Cossack Era was formed on the Old Rus anthropological substrate. They were mostly descendants of the inhabitants of former lands of Drevlyani, Volynyani, Tivertsy and partly Galichani. They were characterized by a combination of a broad face with a dolichocranial or mesocranial skull. People from non-Slavic groups, including ones from the steppe zone, also took part in the formation of the anthropological composition of the late medieval population of Ukraine. Mostly it was a population that was genetically related to the groups that had ancient roots in the Turkic-speaking world. It was characterized by a Zlivkin morphological complex (brachycranium, a relatively broad face that had a weakened horizontal profile at the top). The type is Caucasian, it was widespread in large areas occupied by the Saltovo-Mayatska culture. It was characteristic for the population of Khazaria, the medieval cities of Crimea, the plains of the North Caucasus, the southern Bulgarians. For the population of Volga Bulgaria, the appearance of this morphological complex is associated with the movement of the early Bulgarians genetically related to the Sarmatians.
The type continued to dominate in some areas during the Golden Horde and after the Golden Horde Age. Its presence is recorded in the south of Ukraine and in Moldova. The infiltration of the descendants of this population into the Slavic environment of Ukraine took place in different ways.
The source territories for it could be the Lower Dnieper and the Prut-Dniester interfluve. The time of infiltration is most likely the second half of the 13th—15th centuries. Single skulls which are characterized by a tall face with a sharp horizontal profile and can be associated with people from the North Caucasus are recorded in the late medieval cemeteries of Ukraine.
Skulls with clearly defined Mongoloid features practically are not found in the late medieval Christian cemeteries of Ukraine. Groups of nomads with these features (from Cumans to Nogai Tartars) are anthropologically differ as far as possible from the population of Cossack Era Ukraine, which was buried in Christian cemeteries.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Tematik Terpadu dengan Model Cooperative Script di Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Dahliana Dina , Remuti Remuti 
Published: April 2021

Teachers are very instrumental in developing effective teaching materials to encourage the progress of students in learning. Meanwhile, the existing teaching materials still need improvements because there are several errors such as paragraphs in the reading text that are not aligned left-right, errors in capital letters. Therefore, to solve this roblem, it is necessary to find a solution in the form of developing integrated thematic teaching materials based on the cooperative script model for grade IV elementary school students. This study aims to produce valid teaching materials. This type of research is development research using the 4-D model (four D model). This model consists of four stages, namely define, design, develop and disseminate. The results showed that the integrated thematic teaching materials using the cooperative script model developed obtained the validity percentage of teaching materials was 87.5% (material) with a very valid category, 75% (language) with a valid category, and 81.8% (design) with very valid category.
Penggunaan Media Lego Bricks Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Kognitif Matematika Pada Materi Operasi Hitung Bilangan Bulat
Authors: Hadi Fida Rahmantika 
Published: April 2021

This study aims to improve mathematical cognitive abilities in integer arithmetic operations through the use of lego bricks for fifth grade students of SDN 02 Winongo Madiun. This type of research is a classroom action research conducted in two cycles and each cycle is carried out twice. The research subjects were all fifth grade students totaling 17 SDN 02 Winongo Madiun. The research data were collected through observation, written tests in the form of pretest and posttest and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the Lego brick media can improve the cognitive ability of mathematics in integer arithmetic operations. This increase was marked by an increase in the number of students with test scores that exceeded the KKM, with scores between 70 and 100.With an increase in percentage of 35.5% of students who scored above the KKM, from 41.17% of students who scored in the KKM to 76, 14%.
Keyword: mathematical cognitive abilities, lego bricks, integer operations
Assessment of anti SARS-CoV-2 antibodies present in convalescent plasma donors aimed at being used in COVID-19 treatment
Authors: SPÎNU Constantin , CEBOTARI Svetlana , SAJIN Octavian , SPÎNU Igor , DONOS Ala , VOLNEANSCHI Ana , GOSTEV Igor , DOPIRA Iurie 
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Currently, COVID-19 treatment includes several options, including the use of convalescent plasma. Therefore, the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 in blood donors after the clinical recovery of COVID-19, depending on their place of residence, age and the clinical manifestation of the disease is of scientific-practical interest.
Material and methods. A total of 119 donors among patients were examined, namely males aged 18-60 years, having a past history of COVID-19 disease, being confirmed by PCR and treated, showing a negative PCR-based test result, which was performed at least 14 days after clinical recovery. The presence/absence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Results. The obtained data showed that 87.4% of plasma donors responded to COVID-19 infection by anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG expression, being predominantly found in the 26-35 age group. Most donors experienced mild and medium clinical forms. It is important to note that all severe clinical manifestations of the infection were followed by formation of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG. Urban living environment was predominantly found in convalescent donors (75.0%), which indicates that they are better informed by medical institutions.
Conclusions. The study shows that male blood donors aged 18-60 years, subsequently cured and being positive to anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG can serve as a source of fresh plasma used for the treatment of COVID-19 patients.
Detecting the Figure Rotation of Dark Matter Halos with Tidal Streams
Authors: Valluri Monica , Price-Whelan Adrian M. , Snyder Sarah J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The dark matter halos that surround Milky Way–like galaxies in cosmological simulations are, to first order, triaxial. Nearly 30 yr ago it was predicted that such triaxial dark matter halos should exhibit steady figure rotation or tumbling motions for durations of several gigayears. The angular frequency of figure rotation predicted by cosmological simulations is described by a log-normal distribution of pattern speed Ω
p
with a median value 0.15 h km s−1 kpc−1 (∼0.15 h rad Gyr−1 ∼ 9° h Gyr−1) and a width of 0.83h km s−1 kpc−1. These pattern speeds are so small that they have generally been considered both unimportant and undetectable. In this work we show that even extremely slow figure rotation can significantly alter the structure of extended stellar streams produced by the tidal disruption of satellites in the Milky Way halo. We simulate the behavior of a Sagittarius-like polar tidal stream in triaxial dark matter halos with different shapes, when the halos are rotated about the three principal axes. For pattern speeds typical of cosmological halos, we demonstrate, for the first time, that a Sagittarius-like tidal stream would be altered to a degree that is detectable even with current observations. This discovery will potentially allow for a future measurement of figure rotation of the Milky Way’s dark matter halo, perhaps enabling the first evidence of this relatively unexplored prediction of cold dark matter.