bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An interdisciplinary exploration of responsible algorithm design in the era of distributed energy resources
Authors: Ransan-Cooper Hedda , Sturmberg Björn , Shaw Marnie , Blackhall Lachlan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
While the governance of algorithms is of growing societal concern, the energy sector has been slow to engage with this issue. We argue that there are at least three systemic concerns to the design and operation of algorithms in the new, digital energy era. Namely, reliance on algorithms can bias considerations towards the easily quantifiable, that they can inhibit explainability, transparency and trust, and that they could undermine energy users’ autonomy and control. We examine these tensions through an interdisciplinary study that reveals the diversity and materiality of algorithms. Our study focuses on neighbourhood-scale batteries (NSBs) in Australia as a case study of new energy algorithms. We conducted qualitative research with energy sector professionals and citizens to understand the range of perceived benefits and risks of NSBs and the algorithms that drive their behaviour. Issues raised by stakeholders were integrated into our development of multiple NSB optimisation algorithms, whose impacts on NSB owners and customers we quantified through techno-economic modelling. Our results show the allocation of benefits and risks vary considerably between different algorithm designs. This insight a need to improve energy algorithm governance, enabling accountability and responsiveness across the design and use of algorithms so that the digitisation of energy technology does not lead to adverse public outcomes. Taken together, our study underscores the importance for researchers and developers of new algorithms to take a holistic view of stakeholders and public benefit, and demonstrates one method to practice responsible algorithm design.
Rare malbranchea-like fungal isolates from clinical specimens in United States of America.
Authors: Rodríguez-Andrade Ernesto , Cano-Lira Jose F. , Wiederhold Nathan , Perez-Cantero Alba , Guarro Josep , Stchigel Alberto M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The fungi of the order Onygenales can cause important human infections; however, their taxonomy and worldwide occurrence is still little known. We have studied and identified a representative number of clinical fungi belonging to that order from a reference laboratory in the USA. A total of twenty-two strains isolated from respiratory tract (40 %) and human skin and nails (27.2 %) showed a malbranchea-like morphology. Six genera were phenotypically and molecularly identified, i.e. Auxarthron/Malbranchea (68.2 %), Arachnomyces (9.1 %), Spiromastigoides (9.1 %), and Currahmyces (4.5 %), and two newly proposed genera (4.5 % each). Based on the results of the phylogenetic study, we synonymysed Auxarthron to Malbranchea, and erected two new genera: Pseudoarthropsis and Pseudomalbranchea. New species are proposed: Arachnomyces bostrychodes, A. graciliformis, Currahmyces sparsispora, Malbranchea gymnoascoidea, M. multiseptata, M. stricta, Pseudoarthropsis crassispora, Pseudomalbranchea gemmata and Spiromastigoides geomyces, along with a new combination for Malbranchea gypsea. The echinocandins showed the highest in vitro antifungal activity against the studied isolates, followed by terbinafine and posaconazole; in contrast, amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole and 5-fluorocytosine were less active or lacked in vitro activity against these fungi.
Geometrical Tunability and Local Electric Field Distribution of Gold-dielectric-silver three-layered Cylindrical Nanotube
Authors: Ma Ye-Wan , Wu Zhao-Wang , Li Juan , Jiang Yan-Yan , Yin Xun-Chang , Yi Ming-Fang , Zhang Li-Hua 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the effects of inner core radius, shell thickness, the dielectric function of middle nanoshell and surrounding medium on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of gold-dielectric-silver nanotube are studied based on the quasi-static approximation. Theoretical calculation results show that LSPR of gold-dielectric-silver nanotube and LSPR numbers can be well optimized by tuning the geometrical parameters. The longer wavelength of |ω−⟩ mode takes place a distinct red-shift with an increase in the inner core radius and the thickness of middle dielectric layer, while a blue-shift with increasing outer shell thickness. The physical mechanisms are investigated based on induced charges, plasmon hybridization theory and phase retardation. In addition, the effect of middle dielectric function and surrounding medium on LSPR , the local electric field distribution are also reported. Our study provides a way to analyze and broaden the applications of gold-dielectric-silver nanotube.
The Efficacy and Safety of Two Low-Dose Peri-Operative Dexamethasone in Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Single-Center Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Li fulin , yin dong , Huang yu , Huang Xiao , Huang Wenwen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of two low-dose dexamethasone in the perioperative period of total hip arthroplasty (THA) with a single-center randomized controlled trial.Method 98 patients who underwent THA received two low-dose (10 mg) IV-dexamethasone (group dexa) or IV- isotonic saline group (The placebo).The post-operative day 24 h,48 h,72 h c reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6(IL-6), the pain VAS scores at rest and mobilization, the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), nausea VAS score, postoperative fatigue rating and analgesia and antiemetic, the postoperative lengh of stay (PLOS), wound problems and complications were recorded and compared.Results The inflammatory markers (CRP, IL - 6) level postoperative 24,48,72 hours in dexa group of was lower than the placebo group (P<0.05).The 24 hours of rest and dynamic pain VAS score in dexa group was lower than those in blank group (P<0.05).The incidence of PONV, nausea VAS score, fatigue ICFS score in dexa group was lower than the blank group (P<0.05) and the dosage of analgesic and antiemetic were decreased significantly (P<0.05).In addition, the PLOS of dexa group was shorter than the blank group (P< 0.05).There was no significant difference in perioperative complications between the two groups (P> 0.05).Conclusion The application of two low-dose dexamethasone in the perioperative period of THA can effectively reduce the postoperative CRP and IL-6 levels, reduce pain, nausea, postoperative fatigue and the use of opioid analgesics, shorten the PLOS, without increasing the risk of incision infection or gastrointestinal hemorrhage.
Combined Serum and Synovial C-Reactive Protein Tests: An Economical and Efficient Adjunct to the Diagnosis of Chronic Prosthetic Joint Infection
Authors: Wang Hai , Qin Leilei , Wang Jiawei , Hu Ning , Huang Wei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background Diagnosis of Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is very complex and challenging, especially for chronic PJI. The value of C-reactive protein (CRP) in infectious diseases has been recognized, but the diagnostic value of CRP in chronic PJI is unknown. Our objective was to investigate the effectiveness of synovial CRP in chronic PJI and to determine the optimal combination of serum and synovial CRP in distinguishing chronic PJI from aseptic failure after knee and hip arthroplasties. Methods From January 2018 to December 2019, we prospectively included patients scheduled to have a revision surgery for chronic PJI or aseptic loosening of an implant, in which synovial CRP was additionally measured along with routine preoperative diagnostic serum and synovial biomarkers. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under the curve (AUC) were analyzed for each biomarker to determine diagnostic efficacy. Results There were no statistically significant differences in demographic data among the 97 cases we eventually included. the synovial CRP levels were significantly higher in the infection group than in the aseptic group (median: 19 mg/l vs. 9.25 mg/l; p = .001). The optimal cut-off value for detecting chronic PJI of synovial CRP was of 7.26 mg/l with a sensitivity of 84.62%, a specificity of 93.10%. The combined model I (Serum CRP > 10.2 mg/l OR SF CRP > 7.2 6 mg/l) had a negative predictive value (NPV) of 96.67%, and a sensitivity of 97.44%. The combined model II (Serum CRP > 10.2 mg/l AND Synovial CRP > 7.26 mg/l) led to a specificity of 1, and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 1. Conclusion The present study demonstrated that the combination of serum and synovial CRP can be used as an adjunct to the diagnosis of chronic PJI.
The Association Between Manual Handling Operations and Pain in the Hands and Arms in the Context of the 2018 BIBB/BAuA Employment Survey
Authors: Mueller Charlotte , Sauter Martha , Barthelme Julia , Liebers Falk 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Manual handling operations (MHO) are tasks performed by hand that require a high frequency of repetitive and forceful movements of the hand and forearm. MHO are currently performed in a large number of workplaces in skilled and unskilled professions in the production and service sectors. MHO are considered a work-related health risk factor. The relationship between MHO and the occurrence of disorders of the upper extremities has already been established. MHO can cause diseases such as tenosynovitis of the forearm and carpal tunnel syndrome. This study aims to assess the current prevalence of exposure to MHO in the German workforce and to evaluate the relationship between MHO and the occurrence of disorders in the hands and arms. Methods: The analysis was based on the German 2018 BIBB/BAuA Employment Survey . We included subjects aged between 15 and 66 who work at least 35 hours per week. The self-reported frequency of MHO (never; rarely; sometimes; often) was considered the exposure of interest and was stratified by gender and occupation. Prevalence ratios were used to report the relationship between MHO and self-reported pain in the hands and arms (robust log-linear Poisson regression). Adjustments were made for age, gender, actual weekly working hours, psychosocial workload, and other physical workloads. Results: The analysis included 14,299 employees. Nearly 33% of the male and 31% of the female subjects reported that they often perform MHO. These workloads were often reported by respondents who work in the agricultural sector (men: 70%; women: 79%), in unskilled (men: 59%; women: 67%) and skilled manual occupations (men: 73%; women: 67%). A higher frequency of self-reported MHO was clearly associated with a higher prevalence of hand complaints (PR 2.26 CI: 2.00 - 2.55) as well as arm pain (PR 1.73 CI: 1.55 – 1.92). Conclusion: MHO are still frequent in many occupations. The association between self-reported frequencies of MHO and pain in the hands and arms shown here demonstrates the importance of MHO in the current German workforce and the necessity to further develop prevention strategies.
Percutaneous Curved Kyphoplasty in the Treatment of Thoracolumbar Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wang Chen , Zhang Yu , Chen Wang , Yan Shi-Lei , Guo Kai-Jin , Feng Shuo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background To evaluate the clinical efficacy of percutaneous curved kyphoplasty (PCKP) in treating thoracic and lumbar osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs).Methods Seventy-two patients with single-level thoracolumbar OVCFs were recruited and randomly divided into two treatment groups: percutaneous curved kyphoplasty (PCKP), bilateral percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP). Bone cement dispersion in the fractured vertebrae was observed. Surgery duration, X-ray frequency, bone cement injection volume, bone cement leakage rate, oswestry disability index questionnaire (ODI)，visual analogue scale (VAS) scores，Cobb angle, and vertebral height were recorded.Results Both groups of patients at postoperative 24h and 6 months in postoperative VAS score and ODI were compared with preoperative significant improvement, but no statistical difference between two groups; The operative time, intraoperative fluoroscopy times, intraoperative bone cement injection amount and intraoperative bone cement leakage in the PCKP group were significantly less than those in the traditional PKP group, and the differences were statistically significant. The anterior edge height and Cobb angle of the injured vertebra were significantly improved after operation in both groups, but the differences between the two groups were not statistically significant. Conclusion PCKP has the same short-term effect as traditional bilateral PKP in the treatment of elderly osteoporotic compression fractures, both of which can significantly relieve pain and improve life function. However, PCKP is associated with reduced trauma, less complicated surgery with shorter duration, fewer X-rays, lower complication rate, and quicker postoperative recovery versus traditional bilateral PKP.Trial registration: ChiCTR, ChiCTR2100042859. Registered 25 January 2021- Retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/ ChiCTR2100042859
Ageing in rural Brazil: a socio-demographic analysis of living conditions among black and white women and men
Authors: Ferreira João Paulo , Leeson George , Melhado Vivian 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The aim of this article is to describe and analyse the general social conditions related to race/ethnicity, gender, class and schooling in a sample of 500 subjects (n = 250 men; n = 250 women), aged 60 and over, who are Unified Health System users and resident in the rural area of a medium-sized city in São Paulo state. The methodological design was qualitative, grouping techniques to describe and analyse the selected categories intersectionally, making a sociological and critical analysis about old age in a rural context. For the data collection, we used a structured questionnaire with closed-ended questions concerning socio-demographic aspects. Using the IBM-SPSS Software (version 20.0), a database was produced with descriptive and specific information about the sample. The results corroborated different socio-demographic indicators between men and women, having significant distinctions for schooling and income to the detriment of the racial/ethnic profile of both groups. The conclusions attest profound social differences in the ageing process and old age in a rural context, radicalizing – unequally – from aspects related to “gender” and “race/ethnicity”.
The Rise of West Nile Virus in Europe: investigating
the combined effects of climate, land use and
economic changes
Authors: Watts Matthew , Kotsila Panagiota , Mortyn Peter Graham , Monteys Victor Sarto i 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
West Nile Virus (WNV) has recently emerged as a major public health concern in Europe, its recent expansion also coincided with
some remarkable socio-economic and environmental changes, including an economic crisis and some of the warmest temperatures
on record. Here we empirically investigate the drivers for this phenomenon at a European wide scale by constructing and analysing
a unique spatial-temporal data-set, that includes data on climate, land-use, the economy, and government spending in key sectors
such as health and the environment. Drivers and risk factors of WNV were identified by building a conceptual framework, and
relationships were tested using a Generalized Additive Model (GAM), which could capture complex non-linear relationships and
also account for the spatial and temporal auto-correlation. As expected, land use factors (higher percentage of wetlands and
agricultural land) and climate factors (higher summer rainfall and higher summer temperatures) were positive predictors of WNV
infections. However, we found that a mean winter temperature of between 2 °C and 6 °C was the best predictor of annual WNV
infections, suggesting that successful overwintering of infected adult mosquitoes (likely Culex pipiens) was key to the intensity of
outbreaks for a given year. This result, taken in the context of recent winter warming due to climate change, demonstrates how
the virus has become so prevalent in Europe. Furthermore, lower GDP growth, lower spending growth on environmental factors
such as agriculture, forest, fisheries, and waste water management were also strong predictors of WNV infections, suggesting
that austerity and cuts to key sectors benefited vector species and the virus during this crucial period. Waste water management
spending may be a reliable causative factor, due to, for instance, the neglect of hazard prevention efforts, such as spending on
flood defences, essential works like sanitation and upkeep and of infrastructure, that can lead to the creation of mosquito breeding
habitats, e.g. potholes, blocked drain. This study should act as a cautionary tale; central governments looking to embark on
austerity measures should exercise extreme caution given the long term trade-offs and unintended consequences they can have on
the environment and human health, especially when considering we are facing numerous threats brought about by global warming
and other anthropogenic induced changes, that can benefit emerging diseases i.e. global trade in wild animals, intensive agriculture
animal rearing and land use conversion.
Hydrogeochemistry of fluoride in shallow groundwater of the abandoned Yellow River delta, China
Authors: Zhou Lai , Zheng Shuangshuang , Chen Di , Yuan Xunke , Lu Mengsheng , Feng Qiyan , Zhu Xueqiang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Fluorosis is the most widespread and serious endemic disease in the abandoned Yellow River flooding delta of East China. One of the important causes of fluorosis is drinking high-fluorine groundwater. In this study, 313 groundwater samples were collected in the central part of the flooding delta to address the chemistry of high-fluoride groundwater, and 33 core samples were collected from one borehole of 150 m depth to analyse the vertical distribution characteristics of total fluorine and water-soluble fluorine. The fluorine concentration in groundwater ranges from 0.2 to 6.7 mg/L, and 72.8% of the samples have fluorine above the China maximum permissible limit of 1.0 mg/L for drinking water. These 313 samples can be divided into nine hydrochemical subtypes, and over 77% of the samples belong to the bicarbonate types. High-fluorine groundwater (over 3.0 mg/L) is generally alkaline water with high HCO3− and low Ca2+. The concentration of water-soluble fluorine decreases gradually with the increase of formation depth, and that in vertical sediment is negatively correlated with Ca2+ and Cl−, but positively correlated with HCO3−. According to the calculation by PHREEQC package, MgF+ and CaF+ are the dominant species controlling the endemic fluorosis of the study area.
Impact of microbial activity on the performance of planted and unplanted wetland at laboratory scale
Authors: Jamwal Priyanka , Shirin Shahana 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Three horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland prototypes were set up to identify and understand the role of microflora in nutrient removal under diverse operating conditions. Out of three setups, one setup served as a control (without plants), and the rest were planted with Typha domingensis. The setups were operated at two different hydraulic loading rates (5 cm/day and 16 cm/day) for two months each. Among 27 bacteria species isolated, 80% of nitrate-reducing bacteria were observed in control, and 50–77% of nitrate-reducing bacteria were observed in the plant setups. Presence of diverse denitrifying bacteria and soil organic carbon contributed to high Nitrate-N removal in the control at both HLRs. Similar Ammonium-N (29%) and Ortho-P removal (30%) efficiency was observed at both HLRs in the control setup. Processes such as chemical sorption and adsorption dominated the Ammonium-N and Ortho-P removal in the control setup. High average Ammonium-N removal efficiency of 89% and 52% was observed in plant setups at 5 cm/day and 16 cm/day HLR. At low HLR, Ammonium-N removal in plant setups was dominated by nutrient uptake. In the plant setups, 35% and 15% Ortho-P removal efficiency was observed at low HLR (5 cm/day) and high HLR (16 cm/day) respectively. Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) limited the uptake of ortho-P, thereby allowing mineralised phosphorus to escape the system without being absorbed by the plants.
The Fluctuations of Melatonin and Copeptin Levels in Blood Serum During Surgical Stress Regarding the Pediatric Population
Authors: Dragoumi Maria , Dragoumis Dimitrios , Karatzoglou Sotirios , Spiridakis Ioannis , Chitoglou-Makedou Areti , Giakoumettis Georgios , Alexidis Petros , Tremmas Ioannis , Papageorgiou Irini , Drevelegas Konstantinos , Ntemourtsidis Leonidas , Fotoulaki Maria , Tramma Despina , Sfougaris Dimitrios , Kaselas Christos , Kosmidis Christoforos , Sapalidis Konstantinos , Romanidis Konstantinos , Zarogoulidis Paul 
Published: February 2021

Introduction:
Copeptin is known to be associated with heart damage, while melatonin is
a regulatory hormone related to circadian rhythm and represents the levels of inflammation in the
body.

Methods and Patients:
The aim of the study was to measure in different surgeries the levels of
copeptin and melatonin at different times before and after surgery in 56 patients aged from 5 days
to 13.6 years. We measured copeptin in 50-microL serum and plasma samples from patients before
surgery, immediately after surgery, and 24 hours after surgery. The measured levels are aligned
with the published GC / MS data, and the sensitivity of the analysis is such that serum and plasma
levels can only be measured by rapid extraction. The measurement was made before surgery, immediately
after surgery, and 24 hours after surgery.

Results:
The multifactorial statistical analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between
the 24-hour postoperative copeptin values in group 1 (mild-moderate gravity surgery) and group 2
(severe surgery) of the severity of the surgery. Post-hoc tests with Tukey correction for age groups
in multiple comparisons of the multifactorial analysis revealed a statistically significant difference
(p <0.05) between 24-hour postoperative melatonin values in age groups 3 (3-6 years) and 5 (6-12
years old). The age group 3 showed significantly (p <0.05) lower 24 hours postoperative melatonin
values compared to the age group 5 (6-12 years). Again, these 3-6-year-olds were more likely to
have inflammation due to the severity of the surgery and the presence of inflammation after the
surgery.

Discussion:
In summary, copeptin is a reliable biomarker for assessing a patient's health both preoperatively
and postoperatively. Copeptin and melatonin are two independent agents and are not related
to each other, and more studies will be needed with more patients of the same age and with
the same underlying disease to assess their diagnostic value. Finally, melatonin could be considered
an indicator of inflammation on its own and based on pre-and post-surgery values to determine
a patient's health status and take appropriate actions.