bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rheum ribes extract‐loaded nanoliposome as a novel phytogenic antibiotic alternative in mice challenged by Escherichia coli (O157:H7)
Authors: Shamansoori Mona Taghipoor , Karimi Ehsan , Oskoueian Ehsan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study was performed to compare the noncapsulated with nanoliposome‐encapsulated phenolic‐rich fraction (PRF) obtained from Rheum ribes as a dietary additive and to assess their health‐promoting potentials in the mice infected by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (O157:H7). Upon fractionation, the ethyl acetate fraction with 46.9 ± 2.17 mg GAE/g DW was found as a highest phenolic content. The PRF successfully loaded into nanoliposome structure with a nanometer in size (193.2 nm) and spherical shape and homogeneous dispersion. The gallic acid, salicylic acid, caffeic acid, cinnamic acid, catechin, ellagic acid, and ferulic acid are bioactive phenolics present in the nanoliposome‐loaded PRF; however, the main bioactive compounds are cinnamic acid (911 μg/g DW) and ellagic acid (826 μg/g DW). The infection caused by E. coil impaired the weight gain and food intake, liver function, morpho structural characteristics of jejunum, upregulated the expression of inflammatory genes (Cox2, iNOS), downregulation of antioxidant‐related genes (SOD, GPX), and increased the ileal population of E. coil. The addition of nonencapsulated PRF and nanoliposome‐encapsulated PRF at the concentration of 10 mg TPC/kg BW/day improved these parameters although the nanoliposome‐encapsulated PRF revealed more potential as compared with the nonencapsulated PRF in improving the health parameters in mice. The higher health‐promoting activity of nanoliposome‐encapsulated PRF could be associated with its enhanced intestinal absorption, bioavailability, bioaccessibility, and bioactivity. Consequently, the nanoliposome‐encapsulated PRF could be considered as a promising phytobiotic against E. coil infection in mice.
Quantifying uncertainty in method of moments estimates of the heterogeneity variance in random effects meta‐analysis
Authors: Sidik Kurex , Jonkman Jeffrey N. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe between‐study variance or heterogeneity variance is an important parameter in random effects meta‐analysis. This paper uses an M‐estimation framework to introduce and discuss variance estimators for quantifying the uncertainty in estimates of the heterogeneity variance using the noniterative generalized method of moments estimator and some related method of moments estimators. An example is used to further illustrate the variance estimators, and simulation results are presented for assessing the empirical properties of the proposed variance estimators.
A case of diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor in a 10‐year‐old boy: First report from Iran
Authors: Karimzadeh Parvaneh , Nilipour Yalda , Khalili Mitra , Nikkhah Ali , Taghavijelodar Mehdi , Moradi Ehsan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA 10‐year‐old boy who was referred due to acute hydrocephalus symptoms was diagnosed as the first case of pediatric DLGNT in Iran. The results suggested that using shunting for hydrocephaly and anti‐seizure medicines, as well as chemotherapeutic agents, can be an effective treatment strategy for DLGNT. Although the patient was stable without a tumor recurrence for a limited follow‐up period of 22 months, further studies are expected.
Depositional characteristics of Ningdong coal under a reducing atmosphere
Authors: Xia Zhiwen , Wang Feng , Ma Zhao , Li Ping , Du Changzong , Kan Haoyong , Guo Qingjie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAs an important raw coal for gasification, the deposition characteristics of Ningdong coal have a great influence on the long‐term stability of the gasifier. In this work, a one‐dimensional drop‐tube furnace was employed to examine the depositional behaviour of Ningdong coal under a reducing atmosphere at different temperatures and deposition times. The thickness and morphology of the minerals in the deposits were analyzed by Digimizer image analysis software, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy–electron dispersion spectroscopy (SEM–EDS). With the temperature increases from 1050 to 1300°C, the thickness of the deposit at each deposition time monotonously decreases, whereas the deposition rate initially decreases until reaching its minimum at 1100°C before increasing again at higher temperatures. Furthermore, the deposit morphology changes from a grain‐like form into a floccule‐like form as the temperature increases to 1050°C, and the deposition rate increases with deposition time. It was found that Fe‐containing minerals are the dominant factors of deposit formation based on SEM–EDS analysis. The transformation of the mineral matters of the coal ash at each temperature was simulated using FactSage computational thermochemistry software. It was found that the Fe‐containing minerals responsible for deposit formation are clinopyroxenes (FeO) and liquid slag (Fe2O3). This work could be used as a theoretical guide to reveal the mechanism of deposit formation with Ningdong coal gasification.
‘The knowledge question’ in the Norwegian curriculum
Authors: Sundby Anniken Hotvedt , Karseth Berit 
Published: December 2021

Abstract‘The knowledge question’, addressing what students need to know and learn, becomes particularly relevant during the process of a new school reform. This paper examines the political messages and the role of knowledge in the current curriculum reform initiative for primary and secondary education in Norway (2020). The study is based on a document analysis of four key policy documents and one subject curriculum. Analysis reveals that, although the messages in the policy documents express expectations of strengthening the knowledge dimension in the school subjects, analysis of a new subject curriculum framework indicates that it more clearly prescribes skills, methods and strategies than the specialised knowledge content to teach. We conclude that the continuation of a competency‐oriented curriculum model, wherein the competence aims are the governing category, explicit content is difficult to prescribe because of the contrasting assumptions that underline a content‐oriented versus a competence‐oriented curriculum. The two curriculum models demand different approaches to ‘the knowledge question’, and raises questions about whether combining these two orientations in one curriculum model is possible.
Metabolic phenotype mediates the outcome of competitive interactions in a response‐surface field experiment
Authors: Schuster Lukas , White Craig R. , Marshall Dustin J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCompetition and metabolism should be linked. Intraspecific variation in metabolic rates and, hence, resource demands covary with competitive ability. The effects of metabolism on conspecific interactions, however, have mostly been studied under laboratory conditions. We used a trait‐specific response‐surface design to test for the effects of metabolism on pairwise interactions of the marine colonial invertebrate, Bugula neritina in the field. Specifically, we compared the performance (survival, growth, and reproduction) of focal individuals, both in the presence and absence of a neighbor colony, both of which had their metabolic phenotype characterized. Survival of focal colonies depended on the metabolic phenotype of the neighboring individual, and on the combination of both the focal and neighbor colony metabolic phenotypes that were present. Surprisingly, we found pervasive effects of neighbor metabolic phenotypes on focal colony growth and reproduction, although the sign and strength of these effects showed strong microenvironmental variability. Overall, we find that the metabolic phenotype changes the strength of competitive interactions, but these effects are highly contingent on local conditions. We suggest future studies explore how variation in metabolic rate affects organisms beyond the focal organism alone, particularly under field conditions.
Nontargeted screening of veterinary drugs and their metabolites in milk based on mass defect filtering using liquid chromatography–high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Chen Tiantian , Liang Wenying , Zhang Xiuqiong , Lu Xin , Zhao Chunxia , Xu Guowang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe development of nontargeted screening strategy for veterinary drugs and their metabolites is very important for food safety. In this study, a nontargeted screening strategy was developed to find the potentially hazardous substances based on mass defect filtering (MDF) using liquid chromatography–high‐resolution mass spectrometry. First, the drug metabolites of 112 veterinary drugs from seven classes of antimicrobials were predicted. Second, three MDF models were established, including the traditional rectangular MDF, the enhanced parallelogram MDF, and the polygonal MDF. Finally, the strategy was applied to nontargeted screening of veterinary drugs in 36 milk samples. The polygonal MDF model based on the distribution area of parent drugs and their metabolites showed a better filtering effect. After removing food components and performing MDF, about 10% of the substances remained, and four veterinary drugs and six drug metabolites were discovered and identified, showing the effectiveness of this strategy. The nontargeted screening strategy can rapidly remove interfering substances and find the suspected compounds. It can also be used for nontargeted screening of veterinary drugs and their metabolites in other food matrices.
Short overview on combustion systems scale‐up with emphasis on NOx emissions of gas‐fired furnaces
Authors: Drubetskoi Eugen , Eckart Sven , Krause Hartmut 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHistorically, scale‐up of technologies have been a fundamental driver for successful economies in enhancing performance of applications. In the context of combustion technologies, several scale‐up approaches were developed with the aim of transferring relevant characteristics of combustion systems from laboratory‐ to industrial‐scale system. A reasonable selection of scaling approaches is required to perform a proper scaling of a combustion system. In the current study, the development of scaling methods and their use for technical applications is presented. In order to provide a guideline for the examination of combustion systems to be scaled up, common and recently published scale‐up methods are compared qualitatively, as well as the investigation on scale‐up of combustion chambers, is addressed. Due to the expected further technical and environmental restrictions, the focus of the implementation is directed towards NOx emissions.
Evaluation of tolerance to artificial gastroenteric juice and fermentation characteristics of Lactobacillus strains isolated from human
Authors: Liu Chen , Han Fei , Cong Lin , Sun Ting , Menghe Bilege , Liu Wenjun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFifty‐seven strains of Lactobacillus were isolated from fecal samples of healthy young people in Tibet, Xinjiang, and Inner Mongolia using pure culture methods. Lactobacillus ruminis and Lactobacillus gasseri were the dominant Lactobacillus species isolated from the intestinal microflora, accounting for 54.4% and 14.0% of the total isolates, respectively. Isolated strains were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing, and their tolerance to gastric acid and bile salt, and fermentation characteristics were evaluated. The results of experiments in vitro showed that nine of the isolated strains of Lactobacillus grew well at pH 3.0. After 11 h of incubation in artificial digestive juices, the isolated L. plantarum and the control strain L. plantarum P8 still had high survival rates. Most of the isolates and control isolates have strong tolerance to bile salts. The evaluation of fermentation characteristics indicated that the ability of the intestinal Lactobacillus to ferment skimmed milk was lower than that of the reference L. plantarum P8. In the process of storage, the viable count of screened isolates of human origin in fermented milk decreased to some extent, but remained above 7.01 ± 0.22 log CFU/ml, showing good storage characteristics.
Impact of specific high‐risk human papillomavirus genotypes on survival in oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Garset‐Zamani Martin , Carlander Amanda F. , Jakobsen Kathrine K. , Friborg Jeppe , Kiss Katalin , Marvig Rasmus L. , Olsen Caroline , Nielsen Finn C. , Andersen Elo , Grønhøj Christian , von Buchwald Christian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe increases observed in incidence and survival of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) have been attributed to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, but the survival‐impact of specific genotypes is poorly understood. We investigated the potential influence of HPV genotypes on survival in HPV‐positive (HPV+) OPSCC. All patients with HPV+/p16+ OPSCC and available genotype data within the period 2011 to 2017 in Eastern Denmark were included. Descriptive statistics on clinical and tumor data, as well as overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) with Cox hazard models and Kaplan‐Meier plots were performed. Overall, 769 HPV+/p16+ OPSCC patients were included of which genotype HPV16 accounted for 86% (n = 662). Compared to high‐risk non‐HPV16 genotypes (HR non‐HPV16), HPV16 patients were younger at diagnosis (median years, 60 vs 64), had a higher male to female ratio (3.7:1 vs 2.1:1), and lower performance scores of ≤1 (90%, n = 559, vs 81%, n = 74). Regarding 5‐year OS and RFS, no difference was observed between HPV16 and HR non‐HPV16 patients. Subgrouping the HR non‐HPV16 group into HPV33 (n = 57), HPV35 (n = 26) and “other genotypes” (n = 24) a significantly worse OS in the “other genotypes” group (hazard rate: 2.33, P = .027) was shown. With similar survival results between HPV16 and non‐HPV16 genotypes, genotyping in OPSCC is interesting from an epidemiological point of view as well as in vaccination programs, but not a necessary addition in prognostication of HPV+/p16+ OPSCC.
Adult Literacy Learners are (Mostly) Missing from JAAL: Rethinking Adulthood, Adult Literacy, and doing Antiracist Research
Authors: Belzer Alisa 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis commentary urges researchers and readers to rethink definitions of adulthood and its relevance in literacy research by arguing that adult readers are distinct from children and even college students. More specifically, it argues that adult literacy learners (those reading at the 8th‐grade level equivalent or below and those who did not complete high school) have challenges and needs that are distinct yet often ignored. Taking up a focus in this area is antiracist because it seeks to undue the disproportionate impact of inequitable educational opportunities for adult learners of color.
Investigation of serum levels of orexin‐A, transforming growth factor β, and leptin in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Moharami Sepideh , Nourazarian Alireza , Nikanfar Masoud , Laghousi Delara , Shademan Behrouz , Joodi Khanghah Omid , Khaki‐Khatibi Fatemeh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease affecting various inflammatory and nutritional parameters. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between the Body Mass Index (BMI) of MS patients and the serum levels of leptin, orexin‐A, and Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF‐β).MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 25 patients suffering from MS and 40 healthy individuals as the case and control groups, respectively. The serum levels of leptin, orexin‐A, and TGF‐β were assessed in the participants using the Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay methods. Moreover, data were analyzed using the descriptive statistical indices, t‐test, chi‐square test, and linear regression test.ResultsAccording to our results, the participants’ mean age was 38.04 ± 7.53 and 40.23 ± 5.88 in the case and control groups, respectively. Also, the groups were not significantly different in gender, age, alcohol consumption, and smoking (p > 0.05). It was found that the mean serum levels of orexin‐A and TGF‐β were significantly lower in the MS patients compared to the control group, while the mean serum leptin levels were significantly higher (42.8 vs. 18.9 ng/ml, p < 0.001). Moreover, there was no significant relationship between the BMI of the MS patients and their serum levels of orexin‐A, TGF‐β, and leptin (p > 0.05).ConclusionsIn conclusion, we found significantly lower levels of orexin‐A and TGF‐β and a significantly higher level of leptin in the MS patients compared to the control group. In addition, there was no significant relationship between the BMI and the serum levels of orexin‐A, TGF‐β, and leptin in MS patients.
The winding roads to adulthood: A twin study
Authors: Rimfeld Kaili , Malanchini Margherita , Packer Amy E. , Gidziela Agnieszka , Allegrini Andrea G. , Ayorech Ziada , Smith‐Woolley Emily , McMillan Andrew , Ogden Rachel , Dale Philip S. , Eley Thalia C. , Plomin Robert 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimsHere we report the results of the first systematic investigation of genetic and environmental influences on 57 psychological traits covering major issues in emerging adulthood such as aspirations, thoughts and attitudes, relationships and personality. We also investigate how these traits relate to physical and mental health, educational attainment and wellbeing.Materials & MethodsWe use a sample of nearly 5000 pairs of UK twins aged 21–25 from the Twins Early Development Study. We included 57 measures of traits selected to represent issues in emerging adulthood (EA) such as aspirations, thoughts and attitudes, life events, relationships, sexual and health behaviour and personality. We also included measures related to what are often considered to be the core functional outcomes even though here we refer to the data collected at the same time: adverse physical health, adverse mental health, wellbeing, and education.ResultsAll 57 traits showed significant genetic influence, with an average heritability of 34% (SNP heritability ~10%). Most of the variance (59% on average) was explained by non‐shared environmental influences. These diverse traits were associated with mental health (average correlation 0.20), wellbeing (0.16), physical health (0.12) and educational attainment (0.06). Shared genetic factors explained the majority of these correlations (~50%). Together, these emerging adulthood traits explained on average 30% of variance in the outcomes (range = 8% to 69%), suggesting that these traits relate to the outcomes additively.Discussion & ConclusionsWe conclude that even as the majority of individual differences in EA traits is explained by non‐shared environmental factors, genetic influence on these traits is still substantial; the environmental uncertainties of emerging adulthood in the 21st century do not diminish the importance of genetics. As adolescents travel down long and winding roads to adulthood, their trip is substantially influenced by genetic proclivities that nudge them down different paths leading to different destinations.
Structure and distribution of antennal sensilla in Pseudosymmachia flavescens (Brenske) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae)
Authors: Li Ya‐Ya , Shao Kai‐Min , Liu Deguang , Chen Li 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMorphology, microstructure, and distribution of antennal sensilla were compared between female and male Pseudosymmachia flavescens (Brenske) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Lamellate antennae of P. flavescens were shown to have typical scape, pedicel, and flagellum segments. The flagellum consists of a four‐segmented funicle and a three‐segmented club. The lengths of their pedicel and funicle were found to be similar in females and males. Distinct sexual differences were observed in the length of lamellar segments. Nine types/subtypes of sensilla were identified on the antennae of both sexes, including Böhm sensilla, sensilla trichodea, sensilla basiconica (SB), and two subtypes for sensilla chaetica, sensilla coeloconica, and sensilla placodea each. Olfactory sensilla (e.g., SB and placodea) are mainly located on three lamellar segments of the antennal club.Variation was also seen in abundance of various types of antennal sensilla, with males possessing significantly more sensilla than females. Sensilla placodea were the most abundant, and their number in males was twice of that in females, showing a clear sexual dimorphism. The difference in the distribution of sensilla placodea might reflect their roles in sexual chemical communication.
Extracellular vesicles derived from radioresistant oral squamous cell carcinoma cells contribute to the acquisition of radioresistance via the miR‐503‐3p‐BAK axis
Authors: Yamana Keisuke , Inoue Junki , Yoshida Ryoji , Sakata Junki , Nakashima Hikaru , Arita Hidetaka , Kawaguchi Sho , Gohara Shunsuke , Nagao Yuka , Takeshita Hisashi , Maeshiro Manabu , Liu Rin , Matsuoka Yuichiro , Hirayama Masatoshi , Kawahara Kenta , Nagata Masashi , Hirosue Akiyuki , Toya Ryo , Murakami Ryuji , Kuwahara Yoshikazu , Fukumoto Manabu , Nakayama Hideki 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDespite advancements in treatments, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not significantly improved in prognosis or survival rate primarily due to the presence of treatment‐resistant OSCC. The intercellular communication between tumour cells is a molecular mechanism involved in acquiring OSCC treatment resistance. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and encapsulated miRNAs are important mediators of intercellular communication. Here, we focused on EVs released from clinically relevant radioresistant (CRR) OSCC cells. Additionally, we evaluated the correlation between miRNA expression in the serum samples of patients who showed resistance to radiotherapy and in EVs released from CRR OSCC cells. We found that EVs released from CRR OSCC cells conferred radioresistance to radiosensitive OSCC cells via miR‐503‐3p contained in EVs. This miR‐503‐3p inhibited BAK and impaired the caspase cascade to suppress radiation‐induced apoptosis. Furthermore, OSCC cells with BAK knockdown had increased radioresistance. Additionally, the expression of circulating miR‐503‐3p in patients with OSCC was correlated with a poor treatment response and prognosis of radiotherapy. Our results provide new insights into the relationship between EVs and the radioresistance of OSCC and suggest that the miR‐503‐3p–BAK axis may be a therapeutic target and that circulating miR‐503‐3p is a useful prognostic biomarker in the radiotherapy of OSCC.
One‐pot effective synthesis of new heterocyclic system: Pyrano[4′,3′:4,5]pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐6‐one
Authors: Harutyunyan Arpine S. , Dashyan Shushanik Sh. , Shahkhatuni Astghik A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOne‐pot effective methods for the synthesis of derivatives of 6‐amino‐3,3‐dimethyl‐7‐aryl substituted‐8‐thioxo(oxo)‐pyrano[3,4‐c]pyridineswere developed. The proposed mechanisms of one‐pot reactions are presented. The derivatives of 8‐oxo‐pyrano[3,4‐c]pyridines served as starting materials for the synthesis of a new heterosystem—pyrano[4′,3′:4,5]pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐6‐one. The antimicrobial activity of the obtained compounds was studied.