bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early morphogenesis of metacercariae of trematodes Paratimonia sp. Prevot and Bartoli, 1967 in gastropods Hydrobia acuta (Draparnaud, 1805) in the Black Sea environment
Authors: Belousova Yu. V. 
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the research is studying the morphology of larvae of Trematoda Monorchiidae of the genus Paratimonia and establishing possible causes of their accelerated morphogenesis.Materials and methods. The material for this study was trematode larvae (metacercariae) from 283 specimens of gastropods Hydrobia acuta that we collected in March 2012 at the estuary of the River Chernaya (Sevastopol, the Black Sea, 44°27′49″ N 33°51′37″ E). The gastropods were studied for helminths using the compression method. Some of specimens of the found trematodes were studied alive and others were fixed in 70% ethyl alcohol and then stained with acetocarmine according to the standard method. The morphological features of metacercaria were studied on live larvae.Results and discussion. During helminthological research of gastropods Hydrobia, we recorded metacercariae of the family Monorchiidae. Non-encysted metacercariae were located freely in the host’s body cavity.
कीर्तिपुर क्षेत्रका लिच्छविकालीन मानव बस्तीहरू
Authors: आचार्य Acharya महेश Mahesh कुमार Kumar 
Published: March 2021

काठमाण्डांै उपत्यकाको दक्षिण पश्चिम क्षेत्रको डाँडोमा कीर्तिपुरसहर अवस्थित छ । पुरानो नेवार बस्ती र उनीहरूको भौतिक संस्कृतिका दृष्टिले समेत यो सहर सम्पन्न रहेको छ । सहरको ऐतिहासिकताको बारेमा वंशावलीहरूले यो सहर पूर्व मध्यकालमा राजा शिवदेवले निर्माण गरेको बताएको पाइन्छ । अध्ययनको क्रममा भने यस सहरका धेरै ठाउँमा लिच्छविकालका भौतिक अवशेषहरू पनि पाइएका छन् । हालसम्म पनि यो सहरमा नेपालको स्वर्ण युग मानिने लिच्छविकालमा मानव बसोबास रहेको थियो वा थिएन भन्ने विषयमा कुनै खोज हुन सकेको छैन । यसै पृष्ठभूमिमा यस क्षेत्रमा लिच्छविकालमा मानव बसोबास थियो वा थिएन ?, यदि मानव बसोबास रहेको भए कुन कुन क्षेत्रमा मानव बसोबास रहेको थियो ? भन्ने शोध प्रश्नको उत्तर खोज्ने उद्धेश्यले यो अध्ययन गरिएको हो । यस आलेखमा कीर्तिपुर क्षेत्रमा लिच्छविकालमा विकसित मानव बस्तीहरूको पहिचानलाई मुख्य उद्धेश्य बनाइएको छ । यो अध्ययन मूलतः अन्वेषणात्मक प्रकृतिको गुणात्मक र ऐतिहासिक अध्ययन भएको हुँदा आवश्यक तथ्यहरू ऐतिहासिक तथा पुराताŒिवक स्रोतहरूबाट संकलन गरिएको छ । विशेष गरेर लिच्छविकालीन मानव बस्तीको खोजी गर्नका लागि लिच्छवि अभिलेखहरूको अवस्थिति र अभिलेखमा वर्णित ठाउँ सम्बन्धी विवरणहरूबाट कतिपय तथ्यहरू संकलन गरिएको छ । त्यसबाहेक पुराताŒिवक अन्वेषणबाट भेटिएका लिच्छविकालीन भौतिक अवशेष विषेशगरी मूर्ति, सालिक वा अन्य वास्तुसंरचनालाई पनि तथ्य संकलनको आधार बनाइएको छ । पुरानो मानव बसोबासको सङ्केत गर्ने कतिपय मौखिक परम्परा वा किंवदन्तीहरू तथा आख्यानहरूबाट पनि केही तथ्यहरू संकलन गरिएको छ । यसबाहेक पूर्व प्रकाशित पुस्तक, लेख आदि द्वितीय स्रोतहरूबाट पनि आवश्यक तथ्यहरू संकलन गरिएको छ । यी तथ्यहरूलाई व्याख्या विश्लेषण गरेर हालको कीर्तिपुर क्षेत्रमा रहेका मानव बस्तीहरू मध्ये बाघभैरव, उमामहेश्वर क्षेत्र, चोभार, चारघरे, खाःसि बजार क्षेत्र र ट्याङ्ला क्षेत्रमा लिच्छविकालमा मानव बसोबास रहेको तथ्य यस लेखको माध्ययमबाट प्रकाशमा ल्याइएको छ । यस बाहेक यहाँका पुराना भनिएका पाँगा, इटागोल आदि बस्तीहरू मध्यकालमा मात्र विकसित भएको तथ्य पनि यस अध्ययनबाट प्रकाशमा आएको छ ।
Government Policies for Economic Recovery and Handling COVID -19 Virus in Indonesia
Authors: Anggarini Desy Tri , Rakhmanita Ani 
Published: March 2021

WHO establishes coronavirus (coronavirus disease, COVID-19), as the Public Health Anxiety of the World on January 30, 2020. The increase in countries affected by the Covid-19 virus is widespread throughout the world such as America, Spain and Italy making the world economic situation even more get worse. Some institutions predict the weakening of the world economy. The contraction of the global economy is still ongoing, uncertainty in the global financial markets has declined as the sluggish spread of COVID-19. The limitation of economic activity as a step for handling COVID-19 risks reducing global economic growth in 2020. Research on Government Policy for Economic Recovery and handling COVID-19 Virus in Indonesia, taking stimulus from fiscal and monetary policies undertaken by the Bank Indonesian , Ministry of Finance and Regulations Government 2020, with descriptive qualitative research methods using secondary data such as literature books, review studies from the internet and policies from the government and related ministries. The results of this study have carried out monetary policy through Bank Indonesia, and fiscal policy through the Ministry of finance and supported by Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 23 of 2020 concerning the Implementation of the National Economic Recovery Program in the Context of Supporting State Financial Policies for Handling the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) and / or Facing Threats That Harm National Economy and / or Financial System Stability and Save the National Economy. Keywords: Fiscal Policy, Monetary Policy, Covid -19, Corona Virus
Coronal balance with circumferential minimally invasive spinal deformity surgery for the treatment of degenerative scoliosis: are we leaning in the right direction?
Authors: Walker Corey T. , Godzik Jakub , Angel Santiago , Giraldo Juan Pedro , Turner Jay D. , Uribe Juan S. 
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVE
Coronal malalignment (CM) in adult spinal deformity is associated with poor outcomes and remains underappreciated in the literature. Recent attempts at classifying CM indicate that some coronal shifts may be more difficult to treat than others. To date, outcomes for circumferential minimally invasive surgery (cMIS) of the spine in the context of these new CM classifications are unreported.

METHODS
A retrospective evaluation of patients with degenerative scoliosis (Cobb angle > 20°) consecutively treated with cMIS at a single institution was performed. Preoperative and 1-year postoperative standing radiographs were used to make the comparisons. Clinical outcome measures were compared. Patients were subgrouped according to the preoperative distance between their C7 plumb line and central sacral vertical line (C7-CSVL) as either coronally aligned (type A, C7-CSVL < 3 cm); shifted ≥ 3 cm toward the concavity (type B); or shifted ≥ 3 cm toward the convexity (type C) of the main lumbar curve.

RESULTS
Forty-two patients were included (mean age 67.7 years). Twenty-six patients (62%) were classified as type A, 5 patients (12%) as type B, and 11 patients (26%) as type C. An average of 4.9 segments were treated. No type A patients developed postoperative CM. All type B patients had CM correction. Six of the 11 type C patients had CM after surgery. Overall, there was an improvement in the C7-CSVL (from 2.4 to 1.8 cm, p = 0.04). Among subgroups, only type B patients improved (from 4.5 to 0.8 cm, p = 0.002); no difference was seen for type A patients (from 1.2 to 1.4 cm, p = 0.32) or type C patients (from 4.3 to 3.1 cm, p = 0.11). Comparing type C patients with postoperative CM versus those without postoperative CM, patients with CM had worse visual analog scale back scores at 1 year (5 vs 1, p = 0.01). Moreover, they had higher postoperative L4 tilt angles (11° vs 5°, p = 0.01), indicating inadequate correction of the lumbosacral fractional curve.

CONCLUSIONS
cMIS improved coronal alignment, curve magnitudes, and clinical outcomes among patients with degenerative scoliosis. It did not result in CM in type A patients and was successful at improving the C7-CSVL in type B patients. Type C patients remain the most difficult to treat coronally, with worse visual analog scale back pain scores in those with postoperative CM. Regional coronal restoration of the lumbosacral fracture curve should be the focus of correction in cMIS for these patients.
ANALISIS KELAYAKAN IMPLEMENTASI INTERNET OF THINGS: DENGAN MEMAMFAATKAN ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNIT MODUL PADA MODA TRANSPORTASI DARAT RODA 4
Authors: Wibawa Sigit 
Published: March 2021

“Internet of Things” adalah babak baru Perkembangan teknologi modern pada saat ini hampir semua perangkat dan mesin bisa berkomunikasi, interaksi dan komunikasi mesin dengan mesin, komputer dengan komputer sangat menarik untuk dilakukan penelitian dan dilakukan analisa implementasi, komunikasi mesin dengan mesin atau komputer dengan komputer membutuhkan satu protokol atau antarmuka sebagai sarana untuk interaksi antara pengguna dengan sistem operasi, kendaraan atau alat transportasi darat sudah dilengkapi dengan Electronic Control Unit (ECU), dengan konektor OBD-2 penulis memamfaatkannya sebagai protokol antarmuka komunikasi dengan perangkat telpon gengam melalui bluetooth sehingga kondisi dan status kendaraan bisa diketahui dan hasilnya bisa digunakan untuk pendahuluan analisa seorang mekanik di bengkel dan status kendaraan ini bahkan kita bisa bagikan di media sosial.
THE EFFECT OF METFORMIN AND GLIMEPIRIDE ON PLATELET COUNT AND INDICES AMONG DIABETIC PATIENTS WERE ATTENDING JABER ABU ALIZ DIABETIC CENTER IN KHARTOUM STATE
Authors: Hussein Hussein  Abker , Elmagzoub Fatima-Elzhra Ahmed , Babikir Dalia Mohammed , Samaan Mouna Adel 
Published: March 2021

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global pandemic, Platelets have crucial role in accelerated atherosclerosis and thrombosis which characterize DM.
Aim
The aim of the study was to detect the effect of two major oral hypoglycemic drugs (Metformin and Glimepiride) on platelet count and indices{ MPV (Mean platelet volume), PLCR (platelet large cell ratio),PDW (platelet distribution width)}.Beside, to studythe effects of variation induration of the drug, dose of drug, HbA1C level and associated complications.
Material and methods
A case control study was performed 146subjects 50 were using metformin, 46 were using Glimepiride in addition to 50 apparently healthy non-diabetic matching for age and sex subjects have been tested as control group.
EDTA anti-coagulated venous blood samples has been taken from eachsubject , platelet count and indices were measured using automatic blood counter (Sysmex KX-21N) and HbA1C was Measured using Ichroma II . Statistics was performed by SPSS (version 22).
Results
The results showed that both types of treatment (Metformin, Glimepiride)have reduced the platelets indices but the reduction in Glimepiride was insignificant except in PDW when comparedwith controls. Also both treatments have no effect on platelet count and there was insignificant variation between different doses of metformin and Glimepiride.Glimepiride diabetic patients from 15 to 20 yearshave increased platelet count in contrast to patients whom used glimepiride for less than 15 years.there was increased platelet count and decreased platelet indices in patients with foot ulcers whom using glimepiride than patients without complications. Also increased platelet indices in patients with HbA1C level less than 6% in contrast to those with HbA1C more than 7%.
Conclusion
It is concluded that both types of drugsreduce platelet indices. Glimepiride have a good prognostic effect on the Pro-thrombotic state and accelerated atherosclerosis which is associated with type 2 study population because the platelet indices were insignificant compared withcontrols.
Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Metformin, Glimepiride, platelet count and indices
KRİPTO PARALARIN POPÜLARİTESİ İLE DEĞERLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ: ASİMETRİK NEDENSELLİK TESTİ UYGULAMASI
Authors: TUNÇEL Mert Baran , ALPTÜRK Yaşar , GÜRSOY Samet 
Published: March 2021

Küresel Piyasalarda gerçekleşen risk algısı ile birlikte parasal işleyişte değişmektedir. Önce paranın metallerden kâğıda ve daha sonra da dijital rakamlara dönüşmüştür. Para giderek soyutlaşmış ve artık devletlerden bağımsız, bireyler tarafından üretilebilen donanıma sahip hale gelmiştir. Bu bağlamda kriptoloji yöntemi olarak oluşturulan paralar ortaya çıkmış, hatta bugün bu paralar ile ödemeler gerçekleştirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada kripto paralar olarak adlandırılan bu ödeme aracının popülaritesi ile değeri arasında bir ilişki araştırılmıştır. Buna bağlı olarak en çok kullanılan 6 kripto para olan: Bitcoin, Ethereum, Riple, Tether, Litecoin ve Bitcoincash 6 Ağustos 2017 ila 19 Nisan 2020 dönemleri arasında haftalık kapanış verileri kullanılarak Hatemi-j asimetrik nedensellik testi çalıştırılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonunda bu paraların popülaritesi ile fiyatları arasında pozitif ve negatif tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisine rastlanmıştır. Yalnız Bitcoin, Ethereum ve Bitcoincash`in bilinirlikleri ile hem positif hem de negatif çift yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi olduğu bulgusuna erişilmiştir.
O impacto do diagnóstico do HIV na gravidez ou pós-parto e seus efeitos na vida das mulheres: revisão integrativa de literatura
Authors: Cavalcante Maria Almerice Espíndula da Silva , Rodrigues Sueli Teresinha Cruz , Santos Amuzza Aylla Pereira dos , Sanches Maria Elisângela Torres de Lima , Alves Siane Mariano , Santos Larissa Thaís Omena dos , Alves Tayse Lopes 
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: Sintetizar o conhecimento produzido na literatura científica nos últimos cinco anos, acerca do impacto do diagnóstico do HumanImmunodeficiency Vírus (HIV) na gestação ou pós-parto e seus efeitos na vida das mulheres. Metodologia: Trata-se de um artigo do tipo revisão integrativa de literatura de natureza qualitativa, com estudos primários publicados no recorte temporal de 2015 a 2020, nos idiomas português e inglês, nas bases de dados MedLine, Lilacs e BDEnf através da Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde (BVS), e PubMed, com o uso de estratégias de buscas, de acordo com as especificidades das bases de dados em questão. Resultados: Foram selecionados 11 estudos primários, dos quais foram extraídas as seguintes categorias: 1) Sentimentos das mulheres ao receber o diagnóstico de HIV na gestação ou pós-parto; 2) Implicações da revelação do diagnóstico ao parceiro, familiares e outros. 3) A maternidade e o HIV, os principais desafios enfrentados pelas mães após o diagnóstico. 4) O papel dos profissionais de saúde na assistência às gestantes e puérperas diagnosticadas com o HIV. Conclusão: Esta revisão de literatura reforça a necessidade de mais trabalhos que abordam as implicações da descoberta do HIV na gestação ou pós-parto e que possibilitem a compreensão dos profissionais de saúde acerca de tais implicações para que se possa traçar estratégias para minimizá-las. Espera-se que este estudo possa despertar o interesse pelo tema abordado, para que sejam desenvolvidos trabalhos e também ações que possam contribuir para a promoção da saúde das mulheres diagnosticadas com o HIV nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBSs) ou maternidades através de intervenções baseadas nas demandas encontradas com o uso de estratégias que atendam às necessidades individuais de cada mulher, que promovam qualidade de vida e possibilitem a ressignificação da vida após o diagnóstico do HIV.
Lymphocyte to High-Density Lipoprotein Ratio but Not Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio Effectively Predicts Metabolic Syndrome Among Subjects From Rural China
Authors: Yu Shasha , Guo Xiaofan , Li GuangXiao , Yang Hongmei , Zheng Liqiang , Sun Yingxian 
Published: March 2021

Background: This study intended to use two novel inflammatory indicators: lymphocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (LHR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), to predict newly diagnosed metabolic syndrome (MetS) among subjects from rural Northeast China.Methods: Adult participants without MetS at baseline (n = 4,980, age = 52.65 ± 10.21 years; 51.9% men) were originated from the Northeast China Rural Cardiovascular Health Study (NCRCHS). LHR (Q1: ≤1.04; Q2: 1.04–1.35; Q3: 1.35–1.79; Q4: ≥1.79) and PLR (Q1: ≤78.50; Q2: 78.50–107.27; Q3: 107.27–140.00; Q4: ≥140.00) were divided in quartile.Results: After 4.66-year follow-up, 1,194 subjects were diagnosed MetS (cumulative incidence 24.0; 25.8% for female and 22.3% for male, P = 0.002). Newly diagnosed MetS had higher value of hemoglobin and platelet count compared to those without MetS. As for LHR, from Q1 to Q4, there were increasing value of waist circumference (WC), serum triglycerides (TG), rates of current smoking and drinking whereas decreasing value of HDL-C. However, for PLR, rates of current smoking and drinking significantly decreased from Q1 to Q4. Similarly, the value of WC and TG showed a decreasing trend. In a logistic regression analysis, after adjusted for possible confounders, LHR [OR (95% CI) Q2: 1.13 (0.86, 1.48); OR (95% CI) Q3: 1.23 (0.94, 1.61); OR (95% CI) Q4: 1.57(1.20, 2.06)] but not PLR was effective predictor of newly diagnosed MetS among rural Chinese.Conclusion: MetS had closed relationship with inflammation among subjects from rural China. As a novel marker of inflammation, LHR but not PLR might be an effective predictor of newly diagnosed MetS and should be widely used in the epidemiological study.
Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Severe COVID-19: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hegyi Péter Jenő , Váncsa Szilárd , Ocskay Klementina , Dembrovszky Fanni , Kiss Szabolcs , Farkas Nelli , Erőss Bálint , Szakács Zsolt , Hegyi Péter , Pár Gabriella 
Published: March 2021

Background: The most common pre-existing liver disease, the metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) formerly named as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), may have a negative impact on the severity of COVID-19. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate if MAFLD or NAFLD are associated with a more severe disease course of COVID-19.Methods: A systematic search was performed in five databases for studies comparing severity, the rate of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and mortality of COVID-19 patients with and without MAFLD or NAFLD. In meta-analysis, pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.Results: Altogether, we included nine studies in our quantitative and qualitative synthesis. MAFLD was associated with an increased risk of severe COVID-19 compared to the non-MAFLD group (28 vs. 13%, respectively; OR = 2.61, CI: 1.75–3.91). Similarly, in the NAFLD vs. non-NAFLD comparison, NAFLD proved to be a risk factor as well (36 vs. 12%, respectively; OR = 5.22, CI: 1.94–14.03). On the other hand, NAFLD was not associated with an increased risk of ICU admission (24 vs. 7%, respectively; OR = 2.29, CI: 0.79–6.63). We were unable to perform meta-analysis to investigate the association of MAFLD with the rate of ICU admission and with mortality.Conclusion: In conclusion, patients with MAFLD and NAFLD showed a more severe clinical picture in COVID-19. Our results support the importance of close monitoring of COVID-19 patients with MAFLD. Further research is needed to explore the cause of increased severity of COVID-19 in MAFLD.
Procalcitonin and C-Reactive Protein/Procalcitonin Ratio as Markers of Infection in Patients With Solid Tumors
Authors: Vassallo Matteo , Michelangeli Celine , Fabre Roxane , Manni Sabrina , Genillier Pierre L. , Weiss Nicolas , Blanchouin Elea , Saudes Laurence , Kaphan Regis , Puchois Annick , Pradier Christian , Montagne Nathalie 
Published: March 2021

Objectives: The roles of procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in febrile cancer patients is currently unclear. Our aim was to assess these in febrile patients with solid tumors and to identify cut-off values for ruling out infection.Methods: We retrospectively evaluated patients with solid tumors admitted to hospital due to fever. They were divided into those with Fever with microbiologically documented infection (FMDI), Fever with clinically documented infection (FCDI) and Tumor-related fever (TRF). PCT and CRP levels were compared. Receiver-operating curves were plotted to define the best cut-off values for discriminating between infection-related and cancer-related fever.Results: Between January 2015 to November 2018, 131 patients were recorded (mean age 68 years, 67% male, 86% with metastasis). Patients with FMDI or FCDI had significantly higher baseline levels of PCT and lower CRP/PCT than those with TRF. A PCT cut-off value of 0.52 ng/mL for discriminating between infection and cancer-associated fever yielded 75% sensitivity, 55% specificity, 77% positive predictive value (PPV), and 52% negative predictive value (NPV). A CRP/PCT ratio with a cut-off value of 95 showed 56% sensitivity, 70% specificity, 79% NPV, and 44% PPV.Discussion: PCT is a sensitive marker of sepsis or localized infection in patients with solid tumors, but its specificity is poor. The CRP/PCT ratio improves specificity, thus providing a reliable means of ruling out infection for values above 95.
Association of Maternal Body Mass Index With Risk of Infant Mortality: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis
Authors: Huo Nana , Zhang Kun , Wang Li , Wang Lina , Lv Wenhui , Cheng Wenke , Jia GuangZhu 
Published: March 2021

Objective: This study presumed that a high or low body mass index (BMI) might increase the risk of infant mortality. Therefore, a meta-analysis was performed to systematically assess the association between maternal BMI and the risk of infant mortality.Methods: The electronic databases, including Pubmed, Embase database, and Cochrane Library, were systemically searched by two investigators from inception to November 26th, 2020, with no language restriction. In parallel, a dose-response was assessed.Results: Finally, 22 cohort studies involving 13,532,293 participants were included into this paper, which showed that compared with normal BMI, maternal overweight significantly increased the risks of infant mortality [risk ratio (RR), 1.16; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.13–1.19], neonatal mortality (RR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.08–1.39), early neonatal mortality (RR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.26–1.92) and post-neonatal mortality (RR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.07–1.29). Similarly, maternal obesity significantly increased the risk of infant mortality (RR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.41–1.70), neonatal mortality (RR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.28–1.67), early neonatal mortality (RR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.13–1.67), and post-neonatal mortality (RR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.03–1.65), whereas maternal underweight potentially decreased the risk of infant mortality (RR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.88–0.98). In the dose-response analysis, the risk of infant mortality significantly increased when the maternal BMI was &gt;25 kg/m2.Conclusions: Maternal overweight or obesity significantly increases the risks of infant mortality, neonatal mortality, early neonatal mortality, and post-neonatal mortality compared with normal BMI in a dose-dependent manner. Besides, maternal underweight will not increase the risk of infant mortality, neonatal mortality, early neonatal mortality, or postneonatal mortality; instead, it tends to decrease the risk of infant mortality. Early weight management may provide potential benefits to infants, and more large-scale prospective studies are needed to verify this finding in the future.