bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Van İlinde Satışa Sunulan Etlerde Tetrasiklin Grubu Antibiyotiklerin Varlığının Araştırılması
Authors: ÖNER Ahmet Cihat , TÜRKSEVER Mendüha 
Published: August 2021

Amaç: Van ilinde satışa sunulan kasaplık sığır etlerinde tetrasiklin grubu antibiyotiklerden Oksitetrasiklin, Klortetrasiklin, Tetrasiklin ve Doksisiklin kalıntılarının varlığının araştırılması amacıyla yapıldı.
Materyal-Metot: Van ili içerisinde et satışı yapılan 20 farklı yerden 1 kg’lık 20 adet numune toplandı. Toplanan numuneler İzmir Bornova Veteriner Kontrol Araştırma Enstitüsünde tetrasiklin grubu antibiyotikler yönünden incelenmek üzere soğuk zincir ile gönderildi. CHARM II testi ile analiz edildi.
Bulgular: Van İlinde satışı yapılan sığır etlerinde tetrasiklin grubu antibiyotik yönünden tespit edilebilir düzeyde bulunmadığı belirlendi.
Öneri: Van’da satılan sığır etlerinin tetrasiklin antibiyotik grubu ile ilgili olarak halk sağlığı açısından tehlikeli olmadığı belirlendi. Fakat yapılacak başka araştırma ve analizler ile etlerde kalıntı olup olmadığı sadece antibiyotik yönünden değil diğer ilaçlar açısından da incelenmelidir.
A New Paradigm in the Delivery of Modernizing Agricultural Technologies across Africa
Authors: L. Woomer Paul , M. Mulei Welissa , M. Zozo Rachel 
Published: August 2021

This Chapter describes the approach and impacts of the Technologies for African Agricultural Transformation (TAAT) Program. TAAT is an operational framework based upon collaboration between the African Development Bank, the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, and many other partners. This Program is designed to deliver modernizing agricultural technologies as a means of achieving food and nutritional security, and to boost employment and agricultural exports across Africa. TAAT consists of nine Commodity Compacts that have assembled technology toolkits for use in development programs and six specialized Enablers that help them to do so. These commodities are rice, maize, wheat, sorghum, millet, cassava, sweet potato, common beans, fish, and small livestock. The Enablers provide policy support, youth empowerment, capacity development, irrigation and soil fertility expertise, and control of invasive pests. Together these Compacts and Enablers design and conduct collaborative agricultural development projects in partnership with national counterparts. To date, TAAT has staged 88 interventions in 31 African countries, including the incorporation of customized technology toolkits within country loan projects of major development banks. Over three years, these efforts have reached about 10.6 million adopter households and increased food supply by 12 million tons worth over US $763 million, resulting in substantial improvements in smallholder farmer’s food supply (0.75 MT yr.−1) or income ($128 yr.−1). Environmental gains in terms of carbon offset average 0.74 MT CO2e yr.−1 per adopter household, an outcome indicative of positive combined rural development and climate actions. This Chapter describes how these technology toolkits are designed, deployed and evaluated, and how TAAT is becoming a leading mechanism for agricultural innovation delivery across Africa. This evaluation is limited to eight critical field crops and does not consider animal enterprises or the strategic roles of TAAT Enablers, two other important activities within the larger Program.
Innovation Methodologies to Activate Inclusive Growth in the Organization
Authors: Carranza Ruiz de Loizaga Garazi , Sanchez Gonzalez Begoña 
Published: August 2021

Digitalization is transforming the way we move and produce, encouraging the industry to use the best available technologies focusing on people. Non technological innovations, especially, Workplace Innovation (WI) will play a key role in the digital revolution and acceleration of the technological advances, improving the competitiveness of the companies. This draws attention to the importance of the innovation culture and employee engagement focused on improving employee motivation and working conditions, thereby improving labor productivity, organizational efficiency, innovation capacity, market reactivity, and, as a result, business competitiveness. WI is a combination of structural and cultural practices that boosts employees’ participation, improving the quality of work and organizational performance. These strategies aim to promote innovative work behavior to create, introduce and apply new ideas, processes and products. To address these issues this chapter analyses WI in rail sector and defines WI Scheme for rail sector. A theoretical background is presented based on a sample of 203 railway entities across European Union (EU). Then, data analysis and results are examined and the guide to implement WI scheme is defined. Finally, the results of the research, including limitations and concluding remarks are discussed.
A Call to Action: Incentivizing Arsenic Remediation
Authors: K. Bancewicz Bartlomiej 
Published: August 2021

Arsenic is a threat to human health. Long-term Arsenic exposure can lead to numerous cancers and non-carcinogenic diseases. Over 230 million across 107 countries are drinking groundwater Arsenic concentrations above the maximum concentration limit of 10 μg/L. The number of affected individuals is expected to rise in parallel with a growing dependence on groundwater, driven by diminishing surface water quality and quantity. A growing number of people will come in contact with Arsenic-contaminated water at new locations, while excessive pumping, geogenic processes, and industrial sources raise Arsenic concentrations at active groundwater sites. It is time to begin implementing Arsenic remediation techniques to save human lives, boost the global economy, and instill the foundations of a global collaborative framework. The continued research and development of remediation technologies is crucial, but these technologies will remain ineffective unless implemented. This chapter reviews the ongoing Arsenic crisis and suggests a simplified plan of action for resolving this problem. This is a transcontinental endeavor, which must begin with world leaders identifying and engaging new stakeholders. This will require education and awareness campaigns to boost involvement of the public sector, private sector, and the general public.
Genomic Citizenship
Authors: McGonigle Ian 
Published: August 2021

An anthropological study based on ethnographic work in Israel and Qatar explores the relationship between science, particularly genetics, and national identity.
Based on ethnographic work in Israel and Qatar, two small Middle Eastern ethnonations with significant biomedical resources, Genomic Citizenship explores the relationship between science and identity. Ian McGonigle, originally trained as a biochemist, draws on anthropological theory, STS, intellectual history, critical theory, Middle Eastern studies, cultural studies, and critical legal studies. He connects biomedical research on ethnic populations to the political, economic, legal, and historical context of the state; to global trends in genetic medicine; and to the politics of identity in the context of global biomedical research.
Genomic Citizenship is more an anthropology of scientific objects than an anthropology of scientists or an ethnography of the laboratory. McGonigle bases his untraditional project on traditional anthropological methods, including participant observation. Some of the most persuasive data in the book are from public records, legal and historical sources, published scientific papers, institutional reports, websites, and brochures.
McGonigle discusses biological understandings of Jewishness, especially in relation to the intellectual history of Zionism and Jewish political thought, and considers the possibility of a novel application of genetics in assigning Israeli citizenship. He also describes developments in genetic medicine in Qatar and analyzes the Qatari Biobank in the context of Qatari nationalism and state-building projects. Considering possible consequences of findings on the diverse origins of the Qatari population for tribal identities, he argues that the nation cannot be defined as either a purely natural or biological entity. Rather, it is reified, reinscribed, and refracted through genomic research and discourse.
The open access edition of this book was made possible by generous funding from Arcadia – a charitable fund of Lisbet Rausing and Peter Baldwin.
Smoothing the Sodium‐Metal Anode with a Self‐Regulating Alloy Interface for High‐Energy and Sustainable Sodium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Wang Lei , Shang Jian , Huang Qiyao , Hu Hong , Zhang Yuqi , Xie Chuan , Luo Yufeng , Gao Yuan , Wang Huixin , Zheng Zijian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBecause of the large abundance of sodium (Na) as a source material and the easy fabrication of Na‐containing compounds, the sodium (Na) battery is a more environmentally friendly and sustainable technology than the lithium‐ion battery (LIB). Na‐metal batteries (SMBs) are considered promising to realize a high energy density to overtake the cost effectiveness of LIBs, which is critically important in large‐scale applications such as grid energy storage. However, the cycling stability of the Na‐metal anode faces significant challenges particularly under high cycling capacities, due to the complex failure models caused by the formation of Na dendrites. Here, a universal surface strategy, based on a self‐regulating alloy interface of the current collector, to inhibit the formation of Na dendrites is reported. High‐capacity (10 mAh cm−2) Na‐metal anodes can achieve stable cycling for over 1000 h with a low overpotential of 35 mV. When paired with a high‐capacity Na3V2(PO4)2F3 cathode (7 mAh cm−2), the SMB delivers an unprecedented energy density (calculated based on all the cell components) over 200 Wh kg−1 with flooded electrolyte, or over 230 Wh kg−1 with lean electrolyte. The dendrite‐free SMB also shows high cycling stability with a capacity retention per cycle over 99.9% and an ultrahigh energy efficiency of 95.8%.
Monte Carlo Simulations Reveal New Design Principles for Efficient Nanoradiosensitizers Based on Nanoscale Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Xu Ziwan , Ni Kaiyuan , Mao Jianming , Luo Taokun , Lin Wenbin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNanoscale metal–organic frameworks (nMOFs) have recently been shown to provide better radiosensitization than solid nanoparticles (NPs) when excited with X‐rays. Here, a Monte Carlo simulation of different radiosensitization effects by NPs and nMOFs using a lattice model consisting of 3D arrays of nanoscale secondary building units (SBUs) is reported. The simulation results reveal that lattices outperform solid NPs regardless of radiation sources or particle sizes via enhanced scatterings of photons and electrons within the lattices. Optimum dose enhancement can be achieved by tuning SBU size and inter‐SBU distance.
Weyl Semiconductor Te/Sb2Se3 Heterostructure for Broadband Photodetection and Its Binary Photoresponse by C60 as Charge‐Regulation Medium
Authors: Zhang Xingchao , Yang Yunkun , Li Zihan , Liu Xianchao , Zhang Chaoyi , Peng Silu , Han Jiayue , Zhou Hongxi , Gou Jun , Xiu Faxian , Wang Jun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRecently, elemental semiconductor Tellurium (Te) has been proven as a novel Weyl semiconductor with nontrivial Weyl fermion nature, indicating wonderful application prospect in future topological optoelectronic devices. Herein, large‐area photodetectors (PDs) of Te/Sb2Se3 and Te/C60/Sb2Se3 heterostructure are fabricated based on a molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)‐grown Te film, which is theoretically equivalent to parallel‐connection circuit due to special device architecture. The constructed Te/Sb2Se3 PD exhibits high‐sensitivity and broad spectral detection region from visible (405 nm) to mid‐infrared (4500 nm) wavelengths benefited from efficient synergistic multi‐mechanism including photoconductive and photo‐thermoelectric effects, achieving outstanding performance parameters such as high peak of responsivity (Ri) of 110.8 A W−1, detectivity (D*) of 2.09 × 1013 Jones, and fast rise time about 31 ms at 808 nm, respectively. Furthermore, by depositing C60 between Te and Sb2Se3 as charge‐regulation medium, the novel binary photocurrent signal output phenomenon depending on wavelengths and optical power densities is observed in Te/C60/Sb2Se3 ternary system, for which related mechanism is also investigated combined with spectral absorption characteristics, energy‐band arrangement, and light regulation experiment. This work provides a new pathway to fabricate superior multifunctional Te‐based PD, indicating promising prospects applied to next‐generation broadband optoelectronic devices with light‐controlled logic signal recognition function.
A DNA Nanoflower‐Assisted Separation‐Free Nucleic Acid Detection Platform with a Commercial Pregnancy Test Strip
Authors: Qi Lijuan , Yang Meiting , Chang Dingran , Zhao Wenjing , Zhang Sicai , Du Yan , Li Yingfu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThere is a constant drive for affordable point‐of‐care testing (POCT) technologies for the detection of infectious human diseases. Herein, we report a simple platform for DNA detection that takes advantage of four techniques: commercially available pregnancy test strips (PTS), amplicon generation via loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), toehold‐mediated strand displacement, and noncovalent immobilization of DNA on paper surface with DNA nanoflowers. This simple, separation‐free platform is highly specific, as demonstrated with the detection of rtL180M, a single‐nucleotide polymorphism observed in hepatitis B virus (HBV) associated with antiviral drug resistance. It is very sensitive, capable of detecting the targeted mutation at 2 copies μL−1. It is able to correctly identify the unmutated and rtL180M genome types of HBV in clinical samples. Given its wide adaptability, we expect this platform can be easily modified for the detection of genetic variations associated with various pathogens and human diseases.
Atomic‐Strain Mapping of High‐Index Facets in Late‐Transition‐Metal Nanoparticles for Electrocatalysis
Authors: Wu Tong , Sun Mingzi , Huang Bolong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAlthough high‐index facets (HIF) endows excellent catalytic activity through undercoordinated sites with strain effect, current characterizations techniques still cannot unravel the detailed strain distributions to understand the origins of electroactivity. Nevertheless, theoretical principles to quantify the structural features and their effects on catalytic activity improvements on HIFs are still lacking, which renders the experimental efforts laborious. In this work, we explore the quantification of surface structural features and establish a database of atomic strain distributions for the late‐transition metal HIF nanoparticle models. The surface reactivities of the nanoparticles have been examined by adsorption energy calculations and their correlations with structural features are observed. Our proposed theoretical principles on surface characterizations of high‐index facets nanomaterials will promote the design and synthesis of efficient transition metal based electrocatalysts.
Catalytic Carbochlorocarbonylation of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons via C−COCl Bond Cleavage**
Authors: Denton Elliott H. , Lee Yong Ho , Roediger Sven , Boehm Philip , Fellert Maximilian , Morandi Bill 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHere we report a palladium‐catalysed difunctionalisation of unsaturated C−C bonds with acid chlorides. Formally, the C−COCl bond of an acid chloride is cleaved and added, with complete atom economy, across either strained alkenes or a tethered alkyne to generate new acid chlorides. The transformation does not require exogenous carbon monoxide, operates under mild conditions, shows a good functional group tolerance, and gives the isolated products with excellent stereoselectivity. The intermolecular reaction tolerates both aryl‐ and alkenyl‐substituted acid chlorides and is successful when carboxylic acids are transformed to the acid chloride in situ. The reaction also shows an example of temperature‐dependent stereodivergence which, together with plausible mechanistic pathways, is investigated by DFT calculations. Moreover, we show that benzofurans can be formed in an intramolecular variant of the reaction. Finally, derivatisation of the products from the intermolecular reaction provides a highly stereoselective approach for the synthesis of tetrasubstituted cyclopentanes.
Intragenomic Decarboxylation of 5‐Carboxy‐2′‐deoxycytidine
Authors: Kamińska Ewelina , Korytiaková Eva , Reichl Andreas , Müller Markus , Carell Thomas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCellular DNA is composed of four canonical nucleosides (dA, dC, dG and T), which form two Watson–Crick base pairs. In addition, 5‐methylcytosine (mdC) may be present. The methylation of dC to mdC is known to regulate transcriptional activity. Next to these five nucleosides, the genome, particularly of stem cells, contains three additional dC derivatives, which are formed by stepwise oxidation of the methyl group of mdC with the help of Tet enzymes. These are 5‐hydroxymethyl‐dC (hmdC), 5‐formyl‐dC (fdC), and 5‐carboxy‐dC (cadC). It is believed that fdC and cadC are converted back into dC, which establishes an epigenetic control cycle that starts with methylation of dC to mdC, followed by oxidation and removal of fdC and cadC. While fdC was shown to undergo intragenomic deformylation to give dC directly, a similar decarboxylation of cadC was postulated but not yet observed on the genomic level. By using metabolic labelling, we show here that cadC decarboxylates in several cell types, which confirms that both fdC and cadC are nucleosides that are directly converted back to dC within the genome by C−C bond cleavage.
Polydopamine nanofilms for high‐performance paper‐based electrochemical devices
Authors: Hasimoto Leonardo H. , Corrêa Cátia C. , Costa Carlos A. R. , Santhiago Murilo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSince the discovery of polydopamine (PDA), there has been a lot of progress on using this substance to functionalize many different surfaces. However, little attention has been given to prepare functionalized surfaces for the preparation of flexible electrochemical paper‐based devices. After fabricating the electrodes on paper substrates, we formed PDA on the surface of the working electrode using a chemical polymerization route. PDA nanofilms on carbon were characterized by contact angle (CA) experiments, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy (topography and electrical measurements) and electrochemical techniques. We observed that PDA introduces chemical functionalities (RNH2 and RC═O) that decrease the CA of the electrode. Moreover, PDA nanofilms did not block the heterogeneous electron transfer. In fact, we observed one of the highest standard heterogeneous rate constants (ks) for electrochemical paper‐based electrodes (2.5 ± 0.1) × 10−3 cm s−1, which is an essential parameter to obtain larger currents. In addition, our results suggest that carbonyl functionalities are ascribed for the redox activity of the nanofilms. As a proof‐of‐concept, the electrooxidation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide showed remarkable features, such as, lower oxidation potential, electrocatalytic peak currents more than 30 times higher when compared to unmodified paper‐based electrodes and electrocatalytic rate constant (kobs) of (8.2 ± 0.6) × 102 L mol−1 s−1.
Protective Effect ofNigella sativaandNigella damascenaFixed Oils Against Aflatoxin Induced Mutagenicity in the Classical and Modified Ames Test
Authors: Helvacıoğlu Sinem , Charehsaz Mohammad , Güzelmeriç Etil , Oçkun Mehmet Ali , Ayran İrem , Kırmızıbekmez Hasan , Kan Yüksel , Aydın Ahmet , Yeşilada Erdem 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe antioxidant and mutagenic/antimutagenic activities of the fixed oils fromNigella sativa(NSO) andNigella damascena(NDO) seeds, obtained by cold press‐extraction from the cultivar samples, were comparatively investigated for the first time. The antimutagenicity test was carried out using classical and modified Ames tests. The fatty acid composition of the fixed oils was characterized by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) while the quantification of thymoquinone in the fixed oils was determined by UPC2. The main components of the NSO and NDO were found to be linoleic acid, oleic acid, and palmitic acid. The results of the Ames test confirmed the safety of NSO and NDO from the viewpoint of mutagenicity. The results of the three antioxidant test methods were correlated with each other, indicating NDO as having a superior antioxidant activity, when compared to the NSO. Both NSO and NDO exhibited a significant protective effect against the mutagenicity induced by aflatoxin B1 inSalmonella typhimuriumTA98 and TA100 strains. When microsomal metabolism was terminated after metabolic activation of the mycotoxin, a significant increase in antimutagenic activity was observed, suggesting that the degradation of aflatoxin B1 epoxides by these oils may be a possible antimutagenic mechanism. It is worthy to note that this is the first study to assess the mutagenicity of NSO and NDO according to the OECD 471 guideline and to investigate antimutagenicity of NDO in comparison to NSO against aflatoxin.
Clinician's commentary: Atypia in salivary gland fine needle aspiration
Authors: Mydlarz Wojciech K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDue to the heterogenicity and morphological overlap among the broad spectrum of benign and malignant salivary gland lesions, cytopathology result interpretations can be challenging and variable even among the most experienced head and neck pathologist. There was no standardization of cytopathology result reporting until the recently proposed “Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytopathology” (MSRSGC). MSRSGC may offer more clarity and help minimize ambiguity, but surgeons, as part of multidisciplinary teams, do not only rely on the tiered stratification and risk of malignancy assessment. With only the MSRSGC reported, there may be critical information missing from the overall diagnostic evaluation of salivary gland masses. Cytopathologist evaluation, description of findings, and expert interpretation of the fine‐needle aspiration cytology along with differential diagnosis can be critical pieces of information, that is, utilized in management discussions with patients and their families. This information needs to be included in every cytopathology interpretation in addition to the MSRSGC classification. In clinical practice, decisions concerning salivary gland tumor management are not based on single examinations but incorporate information from multiple sources including patient histories, clinical symptoms and signs, physical examinations, imaging studies, and when available, cytopathology. Additional cytopathology information will likely help to improve the utility and predictive power of MSRSGC, similar to Bethesda Classification and the predictive importance of nuclear atypia in indeterminate thyroid biopsy material for thyroid neoplasms.