bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VEGAS: A VST Early-type GAlaxy Survey
Authors: Ragusa Rossella , Spavone Marilena , Iodice Enrichetta , Brough Sarah , Raj Maria Angela , Paolillo Maurizio , Cantiello Michele , Forbes Duncan A. , La Marca Antonio , D’Ago Giuseppe , Rampazzo Roberto , Schipani Pietro 
Published: June 2021

Context. In this paper, we present ultra-deep images of the compact group of galaxies HCG 86 as part of the VEGAS survey.
Aims. Our main goals are to estimate the amount of intra-group light (IGL) as well as to study the light and colour distributions in order to address the main formation process of the IGL component in groups of galaxies.
Methods. We derived the azimuthally averaged surface brightness profiles in the g, r, and i bands with g − r and r − i average colours and colour profiles for all group members. By fitting the light distribution, we extrapolated the contribution of the stellar halos plus the diffuse light from the brightest component of each galaxy. The results are compared with theoretical predictions.
Results. The long integration time and wide area covered make our data reach deeper than previous literature studies of the IGL in compact groups of galaxies and allow us to produce an extended (∼160 kpc) map of the IGL, down to a surface brightness level of ∼30 mag arcsec−2 in the g band. The IGL in HCG 86 is mainly in diffuse form and has average colours of g − r ∼ 0.8 mag and r − i ∼ 0.4 mag. The fraction of IGL in HCG 86 is ∼16% of the total luminosity of the group, and this is consistent with estimates available for other compact groups and loose groups of galaxies of similar virial masses. A weak trend is present between the amount of IGL and the early-type to late-type galaxy ratio. A lack of a clear correlation is found between the amount of diffuse light and the cluster or group virial mass.
Conclusions. By comparing the IGL fraction and colours with those predicted by simulations, the amount of IGL in HCG 86 would be the result of the disruption of satellites at an epoch of z ∼ 0.4. At this redshift, the observed colours are consistent with the scenario where the main contribution to the mass of the IGL comes from the intermediate-to-massive galaxies (1010 ≤ M* ≤ 1011 M⊙).
H2S observations in young stellar disks in Taurus
Authors: Rivière-Marichalar P. , Fuente A. , Le Gal R. , Arabhavi A. M. , Cazaux S. , Navarro-Almaida D. , Ribas A. , Mendigutía I. , Barrado D. , Montesinos B. 
Published: June 2021

Context. Studying gas chemistry in protoplanetary disks is key to understanding the process of planet formation. Sulfur chemistry in particular is poorly understood in interstellar environments, and the location of the main reservoirs remains unknown. Protoplanetary disks in Taurus are ideal targets for studying the evolution of the composition of planet forming systems.
Aims. We aim to elucidate the chemical origin of sulfur-bearing molecular emission in protoplanetary disks, with a special focus on H2S emission, and to identify candidate species that could become the main molecular sulfur reservoirs in protoplanetary systems.
Methods. We used IRAM 30 m observations of nine gas-rich young stellar objects (YSOs) in Taurus to perform a survey of sulfur-bearing and oxygen-bearing molecular species. In this paper we present our results for the CS 3–2 (ν0 = 146.969 GHz), H2CO 21,1−11,0 (ν0 = 150.498 GHz), and H2S 11,0−10,1 (ν0 = 168.763 GHz) emission lines.
Results. We detected H2S emission in four sources out of the nine observed, significantly increasing the number of detections toward YSOs. We also detected H2CO and CS in six out of the nine. We identify a tentative correlation between H2S 11,0−10,1 and H2CO 21,1−11,0 as well as a tentative correlation between H2S 11,0−10,1 and H2O 818−707. By assuming local thermodynamical equilibrium, we computed column densities for the sources in the sample, with N(o-H2S) values ranging between 2.6 × 1012 cm−2 and 1.5 × 1013 cm−2.
Erkrankungen der Orbita – vom Zufallsbefund bis zum Exophthalmus
Authors: Langner Sönke , Streckenbach Felix 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungOrbitale Erkrankungen manifestieren sich mit einer Vielzahl an Symptomen oder sind Zufallsbefunde im Rahmen der Kopf-Hals-Bildgebung. Die Bildgebung ist entscheidend, um die Befunde differenzialdiagnostisch einordnen und die Therapie planen zu können. Diese Übersichtsarbeit stellt häufige Erkrankungen der Orbita im Erwachsenenalter, ihre typischen Bildbefunde und wichtige Differenzialdiagnosen vor.
Perceptions of the Health Care Workers about the Guideline Implemented for Safe Surgical Practice during COVID-19 Pandemic in a University Teaching Hospital
Authors: Iyer Subramania , Subramaniam Sobha , Thankappan Krishnakumar , Rao Nageswara , Satyapalan Dipu , Ravikumar Beena , Vasudevan Anu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOne area of health care delivery that has been affected badly in most of the institutions is the running of the surgical services. This is due to various factors such as the presence of asymptomatic carrier stage, increased morbidity and mortality in surgical procedures in a COVID-19 patient, and possible transmission of disease to the health care workers (HCWs). A guideline was formulated in our institution, which is a tertiary care university teaching hospital to resume the surgical activities in full. Following its implementation, a questionnaire-based study was conducted to understand the perception of the HCWs about the guidelines. The questionnaire had four domains with questions related to the impact of the epidemic on the practices, composition of the guidelines, its implementation, and effects. There were 217 responders which included doctors and the supportive staff. Majority of the responders welcomed the introduction of the guidelines, and felt that it ensured patient's safety and helped streamline the services. Quarantine and preoperative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction testing were found to be appropriate measures by the respondents. In some areas, there was a difference in the responses from the doctors to that from the supportive group which assumed statistical significance. These included the reason for drop in patient numbers was the reduced patient accessibility which was felt mainly by the doctors. The doctors perceived a delay in carrying out the work, increased workload, and mental agony due to the presence of the guidelines.
Clinical Efficacy of Medicinal Leech Therapy in Treating Third- and Fourth-Degree Hemorrhoids
Authors: Mobeen Abdul , Ahmad Ashfaque , Quamri Mohd Aleemuddin , Ansari Abdul Nasir 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objectives Hemorrhoids are characterized by bleeding, mucous discharge, itching, pain, and prolapse. This condition is known as bawaseer in Unani medicine, and Hirudinaria granulosa has been used for its treatment in Irsal-e Alaq, or medicinal leech therapy (MLT), for centuries. Hirudinaria granulosa with antithrombotic and antiinflammatory action is used in the treatment of chronic venous disease and hemorrhoids. The present study was aimed to investigate the efficacy of MLT in third and fourth-degree hemorrhoids.
Methods A single-centre prospective, clinical trial with a pre and postanalysis design was conducted at the hospital of the National Institute of Unani Medicine. Twenty male and female patients, with a mean age of 38 years, presenting moderate symptoms assessed with the colorectal evaluation of clinical therapeutics scale (CORECTS) questionnaire were included in the study. Hirudinaria granulosa were applied around the pile mass for 15 minutes weekly, for 4 weeks. The efficacy of the treatment was measured by an objective and subjective assessment using the CORECTS.
Results When analyzed by the clinician, MLT reduced the symptoms' severity score in the following domains: pain (55% improvement; p < 0.001); anorectal itching (30% improvement; p < 0.10); and bleeding (10% improvement; p < 0.7963). Significant improvement (p < 0.001) was reported in the CORECTS score in relation to pain (44.09% improvement; p < 0.001), itching (38.55% improvement; p < 0.001), swelling (44% improvement; p < 0.001), bleeding (17.28% improvement; p < 0.007), discomfort (34.01% improvement; p < 0.001), and wellbeing (32.35 %improvement; p < 0.001), giving an average overall opinion on the therapy of 4/10.
Conclusion The results of the study albeit smaller in sample size show that MLT is an effective and safe therapeutic option in reducing the symptoms of 3rd and 4th degree haemorrhoids.
Candidates rather than context shape campaign sentiment in French Presidential Elections (1965–2017)
Authors: Haselmayer Martin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe manuscript explores whether and how the strategic context of elections and candidate attributes affect campaign sentiment. Studying five decades of French presidential elections, it provides the first longitudinal test of campaign tone outside the USA. Thereby, the paper examines concerns of an increase in negativity due to changes in electoral competition. It takes leverage from the electoral system, to study whether the strategic environment of elections (first vs. second rounds of elections) or candidate characteristics (ideology and outsider status) determine the use of positive and negative tone. To this end, the paper applies sentiment analysis to personal manifestos (professions de foi) issued by all candidates running in presidential elections (1965–2017) and validates the French Lexicoder Sentiment Dictionary for longitudinal studies of campaign tone. Results reject worries about an increase in negativity in French elections over time. Moreover, while context matters to some extent, candidate attributes are by far more important for explaining campaign sentiment in presidential races. The findings contribute to research on the role of sentiment in electoral competition and tackle broader issues related to the impact of positive and negative political communication for elections and democracies.
The SπRIT time projection chamber
Authors: Barney J. , Estee J. , Lynch W. G. , Isobe T. , Jhang G. , Kurata-Nishimura M. , McIntosh A. B. , Murakami T. , Shane R. , Tangwancharoen S. , Tsang M. B. , Cerizza G. , Kaneko M. , Lee J. W. , Tsang C. Y. , Wang R. , Anderson C. , Baba H. , Chajecki Z. , Famiano M. , Hodges-Showalter R. , Hong B. , Kobayashi T. , Lasko P. , Łukasik J. , Nakatsuka N. , Olsen R. , Otsu H. , Pawłowski P. , Pelczar K. , Sakurai H. , Santamaria C. , Setiawan H. , Taketani A. , Winkelbauer J. R. , Xiao Z. , Yennello S. J. , Yurkon J. , Zhang Y. 
Published: June 2021

The Superconducting Analyzer for MUlti-particles from RAdioIsotope (SAMURAI) Pion-Reconstruction and Ion-Tracker Time Projection Chamber (SπRIT TPC) was designed to enable measurements of heavy ion collisions with the SAMURAI spectrometer at the RIKEN radioactive isotope beam factory and provides constraints on the equation of state of neutron-rich nuclear matter. The SπRIT TPC has a 50.5 cm drift length and an 86.4 × 134.4 cm2 pad plane with 12 096 pads that are equipped with the generic electronics for TPCs. The SπRIT TPC allows for an excellent reconstruction of particles and provides isotopic resolution for pions and other light charged particles across a wide range of energy losses and momenta. The details of the SπRIT TPC are presented, along with discussion of the TPC performance based on cosmic rays and charged particles emitted in heavy ion collisions.
Measurements of neutral particle energy spectrum on EAST using a time-of-flight low-energy neutral particle analyzer
Authors: Liu N. X. , Mu L. , Ding R. , Zhu Y. B. , Li S. , Xie H. , Yan R. , Peng J. , Chen J. L. 
Published: June 2021

The neutral particles generated by charge exchange reactions can play an important role in erosion of first wall materials in fusion devices. In order to measure the flux and energy of neutral particles to the first wall, a low-energy neutral particle analyzer (LENPA) based on the time-of-flight method has been developed and successfully applied on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST)' to measure the neutrals with an energy of 20–3000 eV. The LENPA works in the counting mode, and the signal of photons is used as the reference for the flight time of neutrals. The energy spectrum of low-energy neutral particles on EAST has been obtained for the first time. The new diagnostics can help in understanding the neutral particle generation and deposition on the first wall materials in tokamaks under different plasma conditions.
A case study of unquiet translators
Authors: Monzó-Nebot Esther 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Remarkable efforts have been made in Translation and Interpreting Studies to test the subservient habitus hypothesis formulated by Simeoni (1998) in his seminal work. In the face of increasing evidence that translators tend to reproduce a given society’s or community’s prevalent norms and contribute to the stability of such norms (Toury 1978), subversive translation practices have been reported (Delabastita 2011; Woods 2012) and indeed promoted as a way of fostering social and cultural change (Levine 1991; Venuti 1992). However, insights into how translators’ subservient or subversive habitus develop and depart from each other are still lacking. In order to shed light on this gray area, this article scrutinizes the contrasts between the habitus of professional legal translators who acquiesce to and who reject the norms governing their positions in the field. Special attention is given to those who decide to abandon the translation field. Their behavior is examined by relating habitus to forms of socialization and studying the implications of their strategies. Based on a case study drawn from interview data, this article focuses on the social practices of resistance and rebellion vis-à-vis subservience, and the impact of both on translation workplaces, work processes, and translators’ futures.
Verticillium dahliae (Verticillium wilt).
Authors: Subbarao Krishna 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

V. dahliae affects many important crops worldwide and causes economically significant losses in many countries (Pegg and Brady, 2002; Inderbitzin and Subbarao, 2014). History shows that V. dahliae has the potential to evolve new strains that can overcome the resistance in commercial cultivars, particularly in cotton, lettuce, tomato and sunflower. It has also shown that the pathogen can be taken to new areas and cause serious losses (Nachmias and Krikun, 1985). Thus, for many vulnerable crops, selection for wilt resistance remains a major criterion of disease management.
Observation of two truly independent laser interference made easy
Authors: Kawalec Tomasz , Sowa Piotr 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
An interference of two beams coming from one laser is a well-known and popular experiment. But is it possible to obtain interference fringes using two completely independent laser sources? If the answer is ‘yes’, is such an observation available in a typical optical laboratory? We show a simple but spectacular method of observing such an interference, using very common continuous wave He–Ne lasers as well as diode lasers often found in atomic physics laboratories. The contrast of the fringes ranges from 27% to 87%, depending on the laser properties. The method works for both single and multi-mode unstabilized He–Ne lasers. The fringes are visible on a scientific as well as on a common security camera.
High-precision temperature measurement with adjustable operating range based on weak measurement
Authors: Liu Miaomiao , Li Hongjing , Wang Gongling , Xia Binke , Huang Jingzheng , Zeng Guihua 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
High-precision temperature measurement with adjustable operating range is investigated and experimentally demonstrated based on weak measurement in the frequency domain. The operating range of measurement is precisely modulated by introducing a dynamic extra time delay to the post-selection pumped by a femtosecond laser. By choosing appropriate nonlinear materials and the attenuation, the resolution of the optimized extra time delay can be improved by two orders of magnitude over that of a traditional phase delay compensator. Considering the influence of noise in the experiment, the highest precision of 8.03 × 10−7 °C can be achieved by using a currently available spectrometer. Moreover, the average sensitivity can reach to 38 nm/°C. Taking advantage of the high precision and adjustable operating range, the proposed method has great potential applications in high-precision temperature measurements.
TeraPulse Lx for terahertz imaging of painting on canvas
Authors: Sirro Sergei , Odlyanitskiy Evgeniy , Portieri Alessia , Taday Phil , Arnone Donald D. , Guillet Jean-Paul , Smolyanskaya Olga 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The goal of this study was to detect and inspect the paint layers below the surface independently of any surface features. Using the for THz-TDS imaging system, we obtained contrast images of layers of paint applied to the back side of the canvas. The most difficult task that the researchers have set themselves has not yet been fully resolved. When we try to read the signatures through several layers of paint, background and canvas, we cannot get a clear image of the letters, but we can accurately determine the location of all the signatures.
Entanglement and violation of the discrete symmetries in oscillating systems
Authors: Simonov K. , Capolupo A. , Giampaolo S. M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We analyse how the self-gravitational interaction of a system consisted of identical mixed particles affects the probability oscillations of any single element of the system. Such a self-gravitational interaction induces a violation of the CPT-symmetry due to the breaking of the T-symmetry and the simultaneous preservation of the CP-symmetry. The violation of the T-symmetry could be traced back to the establishment of a non-vanishing entanglement among the different particles. Being a pure many-body effect, it scales with the system’s size and, hence, could have played a key role in situations characterized by extremely high density as the first stages of the Universe or in the core of very dense systems. Next experiments based on Rydberg atoms confined in microtraps and optically manipulated could simulate the discussed effect.
Biosensing by Direct Observation of Leaky Waveguide Modes
Authors: Gupta Ruchi , Pal Anil K , Goddard Nicholas J 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The resonance angles of leaky waveguides (LWs) can be observed directly as exponentially decaying interference fringes in waveguides with refractive index that is 0.001–0.01 higher than cover, and when illuminated with wedge-shaped light beam. This work for the first time shows that such LWs can be realised using hydrogels of acrylamide copolymerised with N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APMA). LWs made of 4.5% (w:v) acrylamide/APMA crosslinked with poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA, Mn: 700Da) were ∼59% and ∼56% porous to 100kDa and 300kDa species, which are typical molecular weights of biomolecules, and hence were selected for biosensing of immunoglobulin G (IgG) with protein A–biotin (PAB) as biomolecular recognition element. The limit of detection of the acrylamide/APMA LW for IgG was 3.69±0.37 nM, which is at least 1/100th of the dissociation constant of the PAB-IgG binding partners used in this work. Future work will investigate the application of acrylamide/APMA LW for biosensing of clinically relevant analytes.
Investigation of the Effects of Magnetic Additive Cobalt/Carboxyl functionalized Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes for Enhancing the Machinability of Polycarbonate Composites under Magnetic Field
Authors: Ming Gao , Fai Cheung Chi , Bo Wang , Wai Yeung Wong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Polycarbonate (PC) has been widely applied in various industrial areas including biomedical, optical, and defence systems. According to the optical requirements of PC devices, a high-quality surface with better surface finish and transparency are necessary. However, due to the mechanical property of PC, poor surface finish due to tool marks generated during machining [1]. In this paper, a novel fabrication process is presented for enhancing the machineability in terms of higher ductility of PC without significant loss of transparency by mixing with cobalt/carboxyl multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Co/COOH-MWCNTs). Carboxyl worked as a bridge between Co and PC chain, under a magnetic field, Co caused the movement of PC chains, and connect better with polymer chains. Experimental investigations show that a low concentration of Co/COOH-MWCNTs can increase the ductility of PC by fibre reinforcing effects. The experimental results provide promising guidance for enhancing the machinability of PC by appropriate concentration of the additive.
Complex soliton patterns formation in a multi-wavelength Er-doped fiber laser
Authors: Salhi M. , Kemel M. , Nady A. , Semaan G. , Sanchez F. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We report on the emission of complex soliton patterns from a multi-wavelength mode-locked Er-doped fiber laser through nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR). The optical spectrum exhibits three distinct well-separated spectral peaks centred at 1567 nm, 1585 nm, and 1616 nm. It is mainly attributed to the linear losses and the nonlinear birefringence filtering inside the cavity. Each wavelength in the spectrum contributes by its own soliton dynamics to a composite-state soliton regime. This is verified by using an external optical tunable filter with 0.5 nm filter bandwidth to filter out the lasing at each wavelength. By controlling the cavity parameters, this regime still can be operated in harmonic states.
Estimation the dielectric properties of solvation shells and nano-cavities by solvatochromic shift of organic dye
Authors: Stepko A.S. , Savenko O.A. , Lebedev-Stepanov P.V. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We investigated the preferential solvation effect of pyridinium-N-phenolate betaine (organic dye) taken as a molecular probe in two binary solvents (water-BuOH and water-BuNH2) in concentration range 0-100%. The Onsager-Liptay model was used to connect the spectral solvatochromic shift in solvation shell of the dye with the dielectric permittivity of the environment around its chromophore. That makes it possible to estimate the effective dielectric constant in the microscopic region of the probe, based on the values of the experimentally measured solvatochromic shifts. It was shown that the solvation shell of the dye is significantly depleted with the second component of binary solvent in water solution. It is true both for the water-BuOH and water-BuNH2 solvents. The absolute spectral shift in case of water-BuNH2 solvent is greater than in the second case. However, the relative depletion is stronger in case of water-BuOH. The innovative potential of the method is in the development the nanoprobe devices to measure the dielectric constant of small objects and nano-regions, to control instantaneous solvent concentration into evaporating sessile droplet of binary solvent in different zones of the droplet.
Spontaneous atomic crystallization via diffractive dephasing in optical cavities
Authors: Boquete A. Costa , Baio G. , Robb G.R.M. , Oppo G.-L. , Griffin P. , Ackemann T. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The design of an experiment on the spontaneous crystallization of a laser-cooled, but thermal atomic cloud into a hexagonally structured phase is discussed. Atomic interaction is mediated by the dipole potential of an optical lattice formed spontaneously in a multi-mode degenerate cavity from single-mode longitudinal pumping. The length scale of the structure is given by the diffractive dephasing between the spontaneous sidebands and the on-axis pump. A linear stability indicates that the transition can be observed in a cavity of moderate finesse compatible with having the cavity mirrors outside the vacuum cell. A new anti-reflection coated cell has been assembled for this purpose.