bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety of peripheral gastric vessel coagulation during laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy
Authors: Hong Jian , Widjaja Jason , Dolo Ponnie Robertlee , Yao Libin , Zhu Xiaocheng 
Published: March 2021

Introduction:
Staple-line bleeding (SLB) is a common issue during laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG). Identifying a method or technique intraoperatively to manage or reduce the prevalence of SLB is crucial.

Materials and Methods:
Patients’ data who had undergone primary laparoscopic SG from January 2018 to December 2019 at our hospital were retrospectively analysed. The patients in this study received peripheral gastric vessel coagulation intervention in addition to the standard SG procedure. Preoperative parameters included age, gender, body mass index (BMI), the prevalence of diabetes and hypertension. Intra- and postoperative parameters were prevalence of SLB, operative time, total postoperative stay, the prevalence of leakage and bleeding. Intraoperative SLB was identified and analysed through video recordings.

Results:
217 cases of laparoscopic SG were included in the study. The mean preoperative assessments were as follows: age, 34.2 ± 10.7 years; male/female, 98/119; BMI, 39.9 ± 7.6 kg/m2; prevalence of diabetes, 52 (24.0%) and hypertension, 90 (41.5%). Of 217 patients, 35 (16%) were found to have SLB following the new interventional procedure. The mean operative time was 93.2 ± 13.6 min. The mean total postoperative stay was 3.3 ± 1.3 days. The postoperative prevalence of leakage and bleeding were 0% and 0%, respectively.

Conclusion:
The technique of coagulating the peripheral gastric vessels to prevent SLB is safe and appears promising. A prospective study comparing with and without peripheral gastric vessel coagulation will be needed in the future.
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Asian Indian Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Mehreen Thaharullah Shah , Harish Ranjani , Kamalesh Rajan , Anjana Ranjit Mohan , Mohan Viswanathan 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common form of chronic liver disease in the youth. The aim of the study was to conduct a metabolic risk factor profiling of NAFLD in adolescents and young adults in Chennai city in south India.

Materials and Methods:
The study participants included adolescents (n = 188) and young adults (n = 201). Ultrasonographic examination of the abdomen was done using a high-resolution B mode ultrasonography system. Based on the intensity of echogenicity, various grades of fatty liver were classified. Anthropometry, fasting plasma glucose, serum insulin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL and LDL cholesterol were estimated. χ2 analysis was performed to compare frequencies and t-tests on continuous or measurable data. Odds ratio (OR) was used as an indicator for strength of association.

Results:
From the total of 389 study participants, 70 had NAFLD which includes 48 with grade I, 21 with grade II, and one participant with grade III NAFLD. About 80% of the participants with NAFLD were adults (≥20 years) and more males were affected (70%) than females (30%). Generalized obesity was present in 90% of the participants with NAFLD. After adjusting for age and gender, obesity [OR: 5.88; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.53–13.69; P-value: <0.001] and hyperglycemia [OR: 4.20; 95% CI: 1.75–10.08; P-value: <0.001] were significantly associated with NAFLD.

Conclusion:
With the higher prevalence rates of NAFLD noted in the study participants, prevention modalities should be adopted in the community by reducing obesity, healthy diet, and increased physical activity.
Admission Hyperglycemia and its Implications on Outcome in Patients Attending Medical Intensive Care Units at Assiut University Hospital
Authors: El Toony Lobna F. , El Zohri Mona H. , Abo Elghait Aml A. 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Admission hyperglycemia is defined as any blood glucose (BG) level greater than 140 mg/dL (>7.8 mmol/L) in critical care unit (CCU) according to American Diabetes Association 2015. Stress hyperglycemia is related to multiple factors and can lead to insulin resistance and high hepatic glucose output.

Aim:
To determine the frequency, in-hospital mortality, and length of stay in a cohort of patients with admission hyperglycemia in unselected acute medically ill patients admitted to medical intensive care units (ICUs) (medical ICU and CCU) attending Internal Medicine Department, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt, and to evaluate whether admission hyperglycemia or other comorbid conditions are responsible for outcome of critical ill patients.

Subjects and Methods:
This prospective, observational study involved 170 patients admitted at ICU unit of Internal Medicine Department at Assiut University Hospital between July and December 2016. Measurement of BG on admission to ICU was as following: normoglycemic if less than 140 mg/dL and hyperglycemic if more than 140 mg/dL. Then, follow up BG every 8h till either discharge or death or maximum 4 days in addition to fasting, postprandial BG, HbA1C, complete blood count and kidney function tests, serum sodium, serum potassium, arterial blood gases, and acute physiologic assessment and chronic health score were carried out.

Results:
This study included 170 patients, 35.3% were normoglycemic and 64.7% were hyperglycemic, which were further subdivided into 43% known diabetics, 14.1% stress hyperglycemia, and 7.6% newly discovered diabetics. Percentage of survivors was 72.9% versus non-survivors, which was 27.1%. Median hospital stay for all patients was 6 (4–28) days with in-hospital mortality of 46 (27.1%) patients. It was noticed that frequency of non-survivors was higher in patients with hyperglycemic versus that of survivors.

Conclusion:
Stress hyperglycemia and diabetes were independent predictors for in-hospital mortality in patients with admission hyperglycemia attending ICU.
A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study on Medication Adherence of Oral Antidiabetic Agents in Diabetes Mellitus Patients and an Overview on Clinical Pharmacist's Role in Medication Adherence in Government Headquarters Hospital Tiruppur
Authors: Prathap Royal Frank , Suresh Maneesha , Rajeev Malavika Maliakkal , Saji Jim Cherian , Bharanidharan Singaravadi Ezhilmaran , Vellaichamy Ganesan 
Published: March 2021

Aim and Objectives:
In this study, the level of adherence to medications and factors influencing nonadherence to oral antidiabetic medications among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was assessed. This study also ascertained the clinical pharmacist role in improving medication adherence.

Materials and Methods:
This is a descriptive cross-sectional study based on prospective analysis of data collected from 150 cases in the general medicine department at the secondary care Government Headquarters Hospital, Tiruppur, Tamil Nadu state, India. The study was carried out over 6 months duration, from March 2019 to August 2019.

Results:
In the study, of 150 patients 60% were adherent, while 40% showed low adherence. Apparently, the subjects aged below 50 years showed 100% adherence and age group of 80–89 showed the least adherence of 12.5%. Out of 83 (55%) males and 67 (45%) females enrolled in the study, 50 (60.24%) of the former and 40 (59.70%) of the latter were found to be adherent. The rate of nonadherence in married and unmarried population was found to be 40.71% and 30%, respectively. Patients who had graduated from college/university showed 100% adherence whereas, the illiterate patients showed the least adherence of 32%. Moreover, the subjects who had their onset in the age between 20–29 years were 100% adherent and the least adherence of 33% were shown by subjects with onset age between 70–79. Patients with monotherapy were more adherent (77.8%) to the therapy when compared to the patients who were on polytherapy (43.6%) and the patients with diabetic complications showed 40% of adherence and the patients without any complications showed 86.15% of adherence. Eventually, the patients who did not experience any side effects showed good adherence (79.2%) compared to the ones with side effects who showed poor adherence (20.8%) to the therapy. Finally, the adherence among the patients who never consumed alcohol was found to be 69.9% whereas, patients who consumed alcohol everyday was found to be only 33.3%.

Conclusion:
Majority of the patients were found to be adherent towards oral antidiabetic agents; thus, influence of clinical pharmacist in adherence was evident in this study. The major barriers for medication adherence found were being older age, having low level of education, late onset of disease, presence of side effects and complications, polytherapy, and consumption of alcohol.
Clustered Metabolic Approach Using HbA1c, BP, and Aortic Augmentation Index in Type 2 Diabetes as a Tool for Risk Stratification
Authors: Chawla Shubhaa , Trehan Siddhant , Chawla Aastha , Jaggi Shalini , Chawla Rajeev 
Published: March 2021

Materials and Methods:
Functional vascular age in 2000 patients was assessed using cardiac risk profiler (vascular profiler-genesis), over a period of 3 years and 3 months between October 2016 and January 2020. The cardiovascular interpretations generated were used for the measurement of central arterial stiffness. The metabolically healthy groups were compared with the metabolically nonhealthy groups for the relevance of the triple co-association of HbA1c, arterial stiffness, and hypertension in screening the patients in regular standard care. The mean age of the patients was 53 years. Mann–Whitney test was used for the statistical analysis.

Results:
The mean age was 53.3 ± 12 years. HbA1c was <7% and >7% in 530 and 1470 patients, respectively. The lipid profile in comorbid scenario (n = 2000 [M = 1170 and F = 830]) revealed mean LDL-C mg/dL values of< 100, 100–150, >150 in 1380, 520, and 100 patients, respectively. A total of 1000 patients had the duration of diabetes <5 years, 380 patients were between 5 and 10 years, and 620 patients had been diabetic for>10 years, respectively. Arterial stiffness markers-Ankle Brachial Index and Carotid-Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (CFPWV) were assessed and cluster analyses was performed using the metabolically healthy (HbA1c <7 and aortic augmentation index @ HR75 < 14 and nonhypertensive n = 50) as compared to the metabolically unhealthy cohort (HbA1c >7 and aortic augmentation index @ HR75 > 14 and with known hypertension (n = 230). The difference in the triple co-association of HbA1c (glycemic status), hypertensive status, and arterial stiffness was statistically significant when compared between the metabolically healthy (n = 50) vs. the metabolically nonhealthy cohort all across (n = 230) (P = 0.0457)

Conclusion:
The clustered metabolic marker approach is a tool to identify and stratify patients with diabetes based on the metabolic risk to prevent complications and possibly improve outcomes.
Utility of an Internet-based Short Message Service in the Care of Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Lohiya Nikhil , Prasad Hemchand Krishna , White Sherlin , Prasanna Bala , Sangalalingam Thangavelu , Krishnamoorthy Nedunchelian 
Published: March 2021

Objective:
To evaluate the impact of an internet-based intervention system and a short message service (SMS) using cellular phones on the diabetes care and glycemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM).

Materials and Methods:
Observational study in children with type 1 DM on basal bolus regimen. After administering diabetes care education children were divided in 2 groups, group I received timely SMS on diabetes care and group II did not. At the end of 3 months detailed data of diabetes care was recorded. Analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences.

Results:
In a total of 42 children, group I (21) who received the SMS and group II (21), completed the follow-up period of 3 months were included in the study. There was marginal improvement in glycosylated hemoglobin in group I (from 9.2 ± 1.7 to 8.8 ± 1.2); and a minimal increase observed in group II (from 8.8 ± 1.8 to 9.4 ± 1.9) (P > 0.05). The percentage of capillary blood glucose (CBG) values below and above the target range, mean CBG, frequency of self-monitoring blood glucose, significantly improved compared to the control group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
SMS-based education program lead to a significant improvement in self-monitoring blood glucose frequency, diabetes self-care and marginal increase in glycemic control.
Diabetes Educational Intervention in Society to Improve (DESI) Quality of Life
Authors: Shukla Rishi , Yagnik Deepak , Agarwal Neha , Gupta Manisha , Ganguli Bhasker , Shukla Sangeeta , Bajpai Anurag 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Diabetes self-management education (DSME) is globally recognized as an integral part of diabetes management and in majority of the developed countries, it is delivered by trained diabetes educators. Unfortunately, in India, it is still not considered an essential part of diabetes management.

Materials and Methods:
A self-structured diabetes education program, of a 75-min duration, was developed over a period of six months. To assess the knowledge, before and after the implementation of the education program, a validated questionnaire, Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire 24 (DKQ24) was used.

Results:
A total of 50 patients (34 males; 74%) were recruited in the study. The mean age of the study participants was 54.98 ± 12.02years, with a mean duration of diabetes 12.34 ± 8.76years and mean HbA1c 8.1 ± 1.49%. A statistically significant (P < 0.05) improvement in the proportion of correct responses (14 out of 24 questions; 58.3%) was seen after the implementation of the DSME program.

Conclusion:
There is limited research available in India on DSME. To meet the need of a structured diabetes education program in India, we have evolved one such program (duration of 75 min) within a period of six months. We anticipate this program to have enough potential in developing countries in the long run.
Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among medical students of one private medical college
Authors: Ameer Shaik Riyaz 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Data show that the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress is more among medical students compared to general population and thus proving that the community of the medical students is a vulnerable group or high-risk group, where we need to take adequate measures to counter this issue among this particular community.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to study the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among one of the private Medical college students.

Materials and Methods:
An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted in a private medical college among 450 medical students of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th year and interns and postgraduate (PG) students for 6 months. “Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21” which was already validated and standardized was used for the present study. “The internal consistency, i.e., Cronbach's alpha value was 0.87 that was suggestive of high reliability.” Data collection was done in batches for undergraduates and for interns and PGs, whenever they were free and available. Anonymity was maintained.

Results:
Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among medical students was 58.2%, 68.7%, and 35.3%, respectively. The most common was moderate grade of depression (30.7%), severe anxiety (39.6%), and moderate stress (15.8%). After testing for associated factors with depression, anxiety, and stress, it was fond that only belonging to joint family type and being undergraduate were found to be significantly associated with high levels of stress (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among medical students was very high in this medical college. These results cannot be generalized to other medical students of other medical colleges but definitely reflect that medical students are depressed, anxious, and stressed.
Nutritional diversity in accessions of African walnut (Plukenetia conophora L.) sourced from southwestern Nigeria as influenced by collection center and processing
Authors: Olajide K. , Baiyeri K.P. , Ndubuaku U.M. 
Published: March 2021

Nut collection expeditions of Plukenetia conophora L. were made to 10 locations in southwestern Nigeria. Seeds extracted were cooked or not and were assayed for phytochemical and mineral contents. Data obtained were statistically analyzed. Omuwo-Oke accession had highest phenol and tannin whereas Ijan had highest phytate; alkaloids and glycosides were higher in Ara accession than others. Accession obtained from Aramoko gave highest iron concentration while the lowest was in Ogotun accession. The concentrations of K, Mg and Na were higher in Ogotun accession while the lowest was found in Alafe, Agbado and Aba-Oyo, respectively. Alafe accession had highest concentration of phosphorus but lower concentration was obtained in Ogotun. Zinc was highest in collection from Aramoko while Abgado accession had the lowest. Phenol, phytate, alkaloids and glycosides were higher in boiled nuts than fresh nuts but tannin was higher in fresh nuts. K, Mg, Zn and Na were higher in fresh nuts than boiled nuts. Higher concentration of Fe and P were recorded in boiled nuts. Genotype x traits biplot analysis revealed that cooked nuts from Agbado, Alafe, and Aramoko had higher values for glycosides. Alkaloid was more pronounced in fresh nut from Ara. Fresh nuts from Aba-Oyo and Agbado gave higher values for phytate. Tannin was highest in fresh nuts from Omuo-Oke and boiled nuts from Igbara-Odo while phenol was higher in boiled nut from Omuo-Oke. Biplot analysis for minerals revealed higher concentration of Zn, NFE, Na and P in boiled nuts from Aramoko, Omuo- Oke, Igbara-Odo, Ogotun and Ijan. Mg was highest in fresh nuts from Ara and Igbara-Odo. Tannin and alkaloids had negative significant relationship (r = –0.581*) but the relationship between glycosides and alkaloids was positive and significant (r = 0.520*). Zn had significant relationships with Mg and P (r = 0.590* and –0.551*, respectively). Similarly, Na had positive relationships with K and Mg (r = 0.599** and 0.491*, respectively). Mg and K had an r-value of 0.502*. Inter-correlative responses between the phytochemicals and minerals revealed that only glycosides had significant relationships with K, Mg and Zn (which were negative) as well as with P (which was positive). Data obtained suggested sufficient genetic diversity in nuts of Plukenetia sourced from southwestern Nigeria, indicating posibility for selection. Besides, cooking had signifcant (in some cases, positive) effect on the phytochemicals and minerals assayed.
Key words: African walnut, accessions, phytochemical, minerals, processing
Sero-prevalence of newcastle disease in apparently healthy normal feathered local chickens in Ido and Atiba Local Government Areas, Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Unigwe C.R. , Shobowale O.M. , Enibe F. , Ajayi J.O. , Koleosho S.A. 
Published: March 2021

A study was conducted at Ido and Atiba Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Oyo State, Nigeria, to investigate the prevalence of Newcastle disease (ND) using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) techniques. A total of 376 normal feathered local chickens were sampled by collecting 2 ml of blood from each bird. Sera that emanated from them were subjected to detection of ND antibodies using ELISA test kit. The data collected were analyzed by inferential statistics. The results showed that the prevalence of ND as 11.70% and 15.43% at Ido and Atiba LGAs, respectively. Adult males showed higher prevalence as compared to adult females in the two LGAs. Meanwhile the prevalence of ND in adults was higher than in the young in Ido but the reverse at Atiba LGA. Combined prevalence was averaged at 13.56% in the two LGAs. The combined results further showed that males (8.24%) were more susceptible to ND than females (5.32%) just like adults (7.45%) were more susceptible than the growers (6.11%). It can be concluded that ND is prevalent in the study areas. It can therefore be recommended that vaccination of local chickens should be vigorously implemented since they are in the common environment/space with intensively managed birds to avert cross infection.
Key words: antibodies, ELISA, local chickens, Newcastle disease, prevalence
Diversity and structure of the ichthyological population of the Gueumbeul Special Wildlife Reserve (Saint-Louis / Senegal)
Authors: Guisse Amadou , Niass Farokh 
Published: March 2021

The Gueumbeul Special Wildlife Reserve (RSFG) is a very important eco-geographic area. It is frequented by a variety of predominantly piscivorous birds that come to occupy its waters for reproduction and food needs. The present study aimed to make an inventory of the ichthyofauna of the RSFG in order to make available the database of the different species present in this body of water. The ichthyofauna were sampled monthly from March 2019 to February 2020 with the help of artisanal fishermen. The fish populations were studied using statistical analyzes and population descriptors (species richness, density, biomass and diversity indices). In total 16 species of fish divided into 15 genus and 11 families have been identified, cichlids (4 species), mugilids (3 species) being the most diverse families. The most abundant species in the catches were: Sarotherodon melanotheron and Mugil cephalus. The presence of marine species has been noted. These are Dicentrarchus punctatus, Eucinostomus melanopterus and Lichia amia but catches are very low. The calculated diversity indices showed that the ichthyofauna in the reserve has moderate diversity and a poor distribution of individuals within families. The ecosystem of the Gueumbeul basin shows signs of degradation. This degradation is materialized by an overexploitation of fishery resources by the fishing populations and a decrease in mangroves.
La Réserve Spéciale de la Faune de Gueumbeul (RSFG) est une zone éco-géographique très importante. Elle est fréquentée par une diversité d’oiseaux majoritairement piscivores qui viennent occuper la zone pour des besoins de reproduction et d’alimentation. La présente étude visait à faire l’inventaire de la faune ichtyologique de la RSFG afin de rendre disponible la base de données des différentes espèces présentes dans ce plan d’eau. L’ichtyofaune a été échantillonnée de mars 2019 à février 2020 avec l’aide de pêcheurs artisans. Les peuplements de poissons ont été étudiés au moyen d’analyses statistiques et de descripteurs populationnels (la richesse spécifique, la densité, la biomasse et les indices de diversité). Au total 16 espèces de poisson réparties en 11 familles ont été recensées. Les cichlidés (4 espèces), les mugilidés (3 espèces) étant les familles les plus diverses. Les espèces les plus abondantes dans les captures sont : Sarotherodon melanotheron et Mugil cephalus. La présence d’une très faible quantité de poissons d’espèce marine a été notée, il s’agit de Dicentrarchus punctatus, Eucinostomus melanopterus et Lichia amia. Les indices de diversité calculés ont montré que l’ichtyofaune de la réserve a une diversité modérée et une mauvaise répartition des individus au sein des familles. L’écosystème de la cuvette de Gueumbeul présente des signes de dégradation. Cette dégradation est matérialisée par une surexploitation des ressources halieutiques par les populations de pêcheurs et une diminution de la mangrove.