bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An efficient p‐multigrid spectral element model for fully nonlinear water waves and fixed bodies
Authors: Engsig‐Karup Allan P. , Laskowski Wojciech L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn marine offshore engineering, cost‐efficient simulation of unsteady water waves and their nonlinear interaction with bodies are important to address a broad range of engineering applications at increasing fidelity and scale. We consider a fully nonlinear potential flow (FNPF) model discretized using a Galerkin spectral element method to serve as a basis for handling both wave propagation and wave‐body interaction with high computational efficiency within a single modeling approach. We design and propose an efficient ‐scalable computational procedure based on geometric p‐multigrid for solving the Laplace problem in the numerical scheme. The fluid volume and the geometric features of complex bodies is represented accurately using high‐order polynomial basis functions and unstructured meshes with curvilinear prism elements. The new p‐multigrid spectral element model can take advantage of the high‐order polynomial basis and thereby avoid generating a hierarchy of geometric meshes with changing number of elements as required in geometric h‐multigrid approaches. We provide numerical benchmarks for the algorithmic and numerical efficiency of the iterative geometric p‐multigrid solver. Results of numerical experiments are presented for wave propagation and for wave‐body interaction in an advanced case for focusing design waves interacting with a floating production storage and offloading. Our study shows, that the use of iterative geometric p‐multigrid methods for the Laplace problem can significantly improve run‐time efficiency of FNPF simulators.
Cadmium inhibits neural stem/progenitor cells proliferation via MitoROS‐dependent AKT/GSK‐3β/β‐catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Luo Huan , Song Bo , Xiong Guiya , Zhang Bing , Zuo Zhenzi , Zhou Zhijun , Chang Xiuli 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal widely found in the environment. Cd is also a potential neurotoxicant, and its exposure is associated with impairment of cognitive function. However, the underlying mechanisms by which Cd induces neurotoxicity are unclear. In this study, we investigated the in vitro effect of Cd on primary murine neural stem/progenitor cells (mNS/PCs) isolated from the subventricular zone. Our results show that Cd exposure leads to mNS/PCs G1/S arrest, promotes cell apoptosis, and inhibits cell proliferation. In addition, Cd increases intracellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) that activates mitochondrial oxidative stress, decreases ATP production, and increases mitochondrial proton leak and glycolysis rate in a dose‐dependent manner. Furthermore, Cd exposure decreases phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT) and glycogen synthase kinase‐3 beta (GSK3β) in mNS/PCs. In addition, pretreatment mNS/PCs with MitoTEMPO, a mitochondrial‐targeted antioxidant, improves mitochondrial morphology and functions and attenuates Cd‐induced inhibition of mNS/PCs proliferation. It also effectively reverses Cd‐induced changes of phosphorylation of AKT and the expression of β‐catenin and its downstream genes. Taken together, our data suggested that AKT/GSK3β/β‐catenin signaling pathway is involved in Cd‐induced mNS/PCs proliferation inhibition via MitoROS‐dependent pattern.
Ultrasonographic features of an intravascular lobular capillary hemangioma originating in the basilic vein: Case report and literature review
Authors: Jing Wenli , Wen Xiaorong , Zhang Mei , Zhou Chenyun , Huang Jing , He Ying 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntravascular lobular capillary hemangioma (ILCH) is a rare variant of pyogenic granuloma, which develops within the lumen of a blood vessel. Here, we report the case of a 38‐year‐old male presenting with a mobile, incompressible, nonpulsatile nodule in the superficial fascia of the forearm. A first ultrasonographic examination diagnosed the mass as intravascular thrombosis with partial recanalization. Three months later, a second ultrasonographic examination concluded to the existence of an intravascular tumor, which finally turned out at pathological examination to be ILCH. Here, we report the ultrasonographic features of ILCH and the differential diagnosis between ILCH and other intravascular masses like thrombus.
Study on volume change and scanning electron microscopy observation of silica‐filled solution polymerized styrene–butadiene rubber/cis‐1,4‐polybutadiene rubber blends upon stretching
Authors: Zhang Hao , Zheng Shanliang , Zheng Lina , Liu Feng , Song Yudian , Wang Meng‐Jiao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSolution polymerized styrene–butadiene rubber/cis‐1,4‐polybutadiene rubber (SBR/BR) blends filled with silica is widely used system in tread compounds for passenger tires. The application of silane coupling agents greatly improves the interaction between polymer and filler through chemical bonds. By testing a series of SBR/BR blends filled with different specific surface area and content of silica, we measured the volume change data of the compounds upon stretching and plotted the corresponding ΔV/V‐ε curves. In order to normalize for stress differences, ΔV/(Vσ)‐ε curves were also plotted using stress–strain data. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the microstructures in the vulcanizate in situ when stretched. The dispersion, agglomeration, and vacuole formation process can be visualized clearly in the SEM images.
Kinetic simulations of the effect of antioxidants on the metmyoglobin reactions with hydrogen peroxide and their relevance and application to the Trolox equivalent equivalent antioxidant assay
Authors: Parsons Barry J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUsing software based on a stochastic approach to the kinetic simulation of complex reaction schemes having a wide dynamic range, existing experimental data on the reactions of ascorbate and Trolox C (a soluble form of vitamin E) on the metmyoglobin/hydrogen peroxide reactions have been used for simulation. To match both kinetic and static data, a scheme of 15 reactions was required of which five were either significant revisions of existing rate constants or the proposal of a new mechanism. In this way, new rate constants for the reactions of •MbFeIVO and MbFeIVO with both ascorbate and Trolox C have been estimated together with that for MbFeIVO + TrolO•. Simulations of the metmyoglobin/hydrogen peroxide reaction scheme in the presence of both ascorbate and Trolox C in the presence of ABTS (ABTS+•) were also used to establish an overall mechanism for the time‐resolved evolution of the ABTS cation radical, which can provide both a static or kinetic endpoint of the assay. Rate constants have thus been estimated for the reactions of the ABTS cation radical with both ascorbate and Trolox C, these fast reactions being a prerequirement for the appearance of distinct lag phases for formation of ABTS+• . In the case of the latter reaction with Trolox C, it is proposed that TrolO• reacts with the ABTS+• It is also clear from simulations that the reactions of the ABTS cation radical with antioxidants must have rate constants 104 M−1 s−1 or greater to produce well‐defined lag phases. Lower values result in either no or indistinct lag phases, as sometimes observed with natural antioxidants. Consequences for factors affecting the sensitivity of the TEAC assay and the determination of inhibition factors are discussed.
Oral iron supplementation in patients with chronic kidney disease: Can it be harmful to the gut microbiota?
Authors: Ribeiro Marcia , Fonseca Larissa , Anjos Juliana S. , Capo‐chichi Jean C. C. , Borges Natália A. , Burrowes Jerrilynn , Mafra Denise 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPatients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have several pathophysiological alterations, including anemia, one of the first changes in CKD patients. More recently, researchers have observed that the intestinal microbiota alterations are also another complication in these patients. The most common treatment for anemia is oral (mainly ferrous sulfate) or intravenous iron supplementation. Despite being a necessary treatment, recent studies have reported that supplementation with oral iron may increase its availability in the intestine, leading to disturbance in the gut microbiota and also to oxidative stress in the enterocytes, which may change the permeability and the microbiota profile. Although it is a therapy routinely used in patients with CKD, supplementation with oral iron on the gut microbiota has been rarely studied in these patients. Thus, this review will discuss the relationship between iron and the gut microbiota and the possible effects of oral iron supplementation on gut microbiota in patients with CKD.
Effect of characteristic scale on the extrudate swelling behavior of polypropylene melt in a micro‐extrusion process
Authors: Liu Kui , Wang Minjie , Li Hongxia , Zhao Danyang , Jin Yifei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe swelling behavior in micro‐extrusion has a significant effect on the dimensional and shape accuracy of microproducts. In this study, the effect of characteristic scale, defined as the gap of die land in an annular micro‐extrusion die, on the extrudate swelling behavior of viscoelastic melt is analyzed through numerical simulations and micro‐extrusion experiments. The results show that the swelling behavior displays an obvious dependence on the characteristic scale. An increase in the characteristic scale reduces the swell ratio and retards the process to reach the equilibrium state. In contrast, a decrease in the characteristic scale results in a larger magnitude of change in velocity field and faster relaxation development of stress field. The location of the maximum velocity layer for the laminar flow gradually deviates from the geometric center of channel toward the wall of mandrel with the increase in the characteristic scale. Moreover, an increase in the flow rate results in a larger swell ratio for a constant characteristic scale. The elastic effect plays a more dominant role than the viscous effect in determining the viscoelastic swell behavior. It is imperative to consider the complicated swelling behavior and remarkable viscoelastic effect simultaneously in micro‐extrusion process.
Registration of the sorghum nested association mapping (NAM) population in RTx430 background
Authors: Perumal Ramasamy , Tesso Tesfaye T. , Morris Geoffrey P. , Jagadish S.V. Krishna , Little Christopher R. , Bean Scott R. , Yu Jianming , Prasad P.V. Vara , Tuinstra Mitchell R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] nested association mapping (NAM) population developed and released at Kansas State University in August 2020 is composed of 2,121 recombinant inbred lines (RILs). These KS‐RTx430NAM RILs were derived from 10 founder lines, each crossed separately to RTx430 to develop 10 biparental subpopulations with name designations (KS‐RTx430NAM1‐1 to KS‐RTx430NAM1‐220, KS‐RTx430NAM2‐1 to KS‐RTx430NAM2‐225, KS‐RTx430NAM3‐1 to KS‐RTx430NAM3‐225, KS‐RTx430NAM4‐1 to KS‐RTx430NAM4‐204, KS‐RTx430NAM5‐1 to KS‐RTx430NAM5‐199, KS‐RTx430NAM6‐1 to KS‐RTx430NAM6‐220, KS‐RTx430NAM7‐1 to KS‐RTx430NAM7‐211, KS‐RTx430NAM8‐1 to KS‐RTx430NAM8‐227, KS‐RTx430NAM9‐7 to KS‐RTx430NAM9‐215, and KS‐RTx430NAM10‐1 to KS‐RTx430NAM10‐175) (Reg. no. MP‐3, NSL 537757 MAP). All KS‐RTx430NAM RILs have been genotyped through genotype‐by‐sequencing using an Illumina HiSeq 2500 with a high‐output flow cell and 100‐cycle single‐end sequencing, and 90,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) captured 70% of known global SNP variation in sorghum and 57,411 recombination events. KS‐RTx430NAM RILs are currently being used to identify quantitative trait loci markers for many complex yield, grain quality, and abiotic and biotic stress related traits.
Quantitative proteomics analysis identifies salivary biomarkers for early detection of pregnancy loss in a Singaporean cohort—A pilot study
Authors: Balan Preethi , Chong Yap Seng , Qingsong Lin , Lim Teck Kwang , Wong Mun Loke , LOPEZ Violeta , HE Hong‐Gu , Seneviratne Chaminda Jayampath 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeEarly pregnancy loss (EPL) is one of the most common complications encountered in clinical practice. As most of EPLs occur relatively early on during pregnancy, they are often misunderstood as an expected menstrual cycle. Thus, it is essential to investigate the diagnostic biomarkers for monitoring pregnancy loss for continuous non‐invasive monitoring of EPL.Experimental designUnstimulated saliva was collected from 10 subjects with EPL and a matched cohort of healthy pregnant women as controls. Samples were analyzed using iTRAQ analysis, and ELISA was performed to validate results.ResultsEnrichment analysis of the 38 differentially abundant proteins identified that regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide, and nucleic acid metabolism was significantly affected in EPL. The nucleosome assembly pathway was significantly underrepresented in EPL and was associated with depletion of histone proteins (H2B, H3, and H4). These results were validated with ELISA experiments. A depletion of histones can impair nucleosome assembly and cause the nuclear machinery to fail.ConclusionRegulation of nucleosome is critical for the maintenance of genome stability and epigenetic information, lack of which may lead to pregnancy loss. Thus, assessing and monitoring salivary histone levels in patients with threatened miscarriage can be a quick and easy method of obtaining periodic diagnostic information that can speed up treatment decisions.Clinical relevanceThere is considerable uncertainty regarding the prognosis of threatened pregnancy, making it stressful for expecting mothers and healthcare professionals. Most EPLs are often misunderstood or ignored as an expected menstrual cycle. Thus it is essential to develop screenings and rapid detection devices using a medium that can be non‐invasive and self‐performed for continuous monitoring. Using saliva, we have identified that the nucleosome assembly gets affected in EPL with depletion of histone proteins (H2B, H3, and H4). With further verification, these findings can help saliva be utilized as a medium to determine which patients will/will not progress to miscarriage and at what point of their pregnancy. Assessing and monitoring EPL using salivary diagnostics can be a quick and easy method of obtaining periodic diagnostic information that can speed up treatment decisions. Hence, these findings need to be investigated further to improve the prediction of outcomes in women with threatened pregnancy.
Traversable Wormhole Geometries in Gravity
Authors: Hassan Zinnat , Mandal Sanjay , Sahoo P.K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe current interests in the universe motivate us to go beyond Einstein's General theory of relativity. One of the interesting proposals comes from a new class of teleparallel gravity named symmetric teleparallel gravity, i.e., gravity, where the non‐metricity term Q is accountable for fundamental interaction. These alternative modified theories of gravity's vital role are to deal with the recent interests and to present a realistic cosmological model. This manuscript's main objective is to study the traversable wormhole geometries in gravity. We construct the wormhole geometries for three cases: (i) by assuming a relation between the radial and lateral pressure, (ii) considering phantom energy equation of state (EoS), and (iii) for a specific shape function in the fundamental interaction of gravity (i.e. for linear form of ). Besides, we discuss two wormhole geometries for a general case of with two specific shape functions. Then, we discuss the viability of shape functions and the stability analysis of the wormhole solutions for each case. We have found that the null energy condition (NEC) violates each wormhole model which concluded that our outcomes are realistic and stable. Finally, we discuss the embedding diagrams and volume integral quantifier to have a complete view of wormhole geometries.
Two bias‐corrected Kaplan‐Meier estimators
Authors: Jiang Renyan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Kaplan‐Meier estimator (KME) is a classical nonparametric reliability estimator for incomplete data. Although it has been widely used, its two drawbacks have not been addressed well in the literature: (a) as a staircase function, it actually has two reliability estimates for each failure observation, and (b) it is biased. This paper aims to address these two issues. First, an ideal reliability estimator for complete data is defined and used as a benchmark to quantitatively evaluate the performance of a nonparametric reliability estimator. Then, two bias‐corrected KMEs are proposed. One is a weighted average of the two‐point moving averaged KME and the modified KME and defined at the failure observations; the other is also a weighted KME but defined at the midpoint of two successive failure observations. Through combining these two estimators, a data‐augmented estimator can be obtained, which is particularly useful for parameter estimation on heavily censored data. It is shown that the proposed estimators are almost unbiased and can be conveniently implemented in a spreadsheet program.
Finite time asymmetric bipartite consensus for multi‐agent systems based on iterative learning control
Authors: Liang Jiaqi , Bu Xuhui , Cui Lizhi , Hou Zhongsheng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the finite‐time asymmetric bipartite consensus problem of multi‐agent systems with signed digraph is considered. Firstly, an asymmetric index is introduced to describe a desired output relationship of the agents in terms of quantity. Based on the information of the agent's communication and the index, a novel iterative learning control protocol is proposed. By establishing the input and output errors relationship of the agents along the iteration domain, a sufficient condition is derived and a defined leaderless tracking error is proved to be asymptotically convergence as iteration increases. The result shows that the proposed design can ensure the agents achieve the asymmetric bipartite consensus goal in the finite‐time. Moreover, the proposed design is also extended to deal with the problem of the multi‐agent systems with heterogeneous dynamics. Finally, numerical simulation examples verify the effectiveness of the proposed protocol.
Indole‐2‐Carboxaldehyde: An Emerging Precursor for the Construction of Diversified Imperative Skeleton
Authors: Das Arunima , Thakur Seema , Das Tapas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIndole heterocycles constitute the structural framework of innumerable biologically active molecules and natural products having drug‐like properties and other biochemical utilities. These compounds have been extensively studied by synthetic and medicinal chemists and various synthetic strategies have been established using indole‐2‐carboxaldehyde derivatives as a starting material. In this review we elaborately report indole‐2‐carboxaldehydes as a starting material for the synthesis of diversified indole scaffolds in the last decade (2010‐2019).
Molecular Structure‐Property Relationships of the Asymmetric Thienoacenes: Naphtho[2,3‐b]thieno[2,3‐d]thiophene, Anthra[2,3‐b]thieno[2,3‐d]thiophene, and their Thienyl Derivatives
Authors: Matsunaga Amane , Ogawa Yuta , Tamura Shigeki , Yamamoto Kazuhiro , Katagiri Hiroshi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPolycyclic aromatic compounds are attractive candidates for organic semiconductor materials whose optical and charge transport properties are significantly influenced by the molecular and packing structures. In this work, we investigated the crystal structure and physical properties of asymmetric bent‐shaped thienoacenes, which have a thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene unit at the end of the fused aromatic ring core, and their thienyl extended‐type derivatives. Among the naphthalene‐based analogs, naphtho[2,3‐b]thieno[2,3‐d]thiophene and its thienyl derivative gave an antiparallel slip‐stack structure. In contrast, among the anthracene‐based analogs, anthra[2,3‐b]thieno[2,3‐d]thiophene produced an antiparallel slip‐stack structure, while its thienyl derivative gave a layered structure with a large molecular orbital overlap. In extended conjugated systems, molecular symmetry of the long axis and dispersion forces were improved, resulting in the formation of crystal structures with large intermolecular interactions. These results suggest the importance of both the extension and molecular symmetry of a conjugated system to controlling the molecular structure.
Four-body decays B(s) → (Kπ)S/P(Kπ)S/P in the perturbative QCD approach
Authors: Rui Zhou , Li Ya , Li Hsiang-nan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We investigate the four-body decays B(s) → (Kπ)S/P(Kπ)S/P in the Kπ-pair invariant mass region around the K*(892) resonance in the perturbative QCD (PQCD) approach, where (Kπ)S/P denotes a S- or P-wave Kπ configuration. The contributions from the P-wave resonance K*(892) and from possible S-wave components are included into the parametrization of the Kπ two-meson distribution amplitudes, which are the non-perturbative inputs in this formalism. We calculate the branching ratio for each resonance and observe sizable S-wave contributions to the Bs modes, well consistent with recently available LHCb data. We also deduce the polarization fractions for the $$ {K}^{\ast }{\overline{K}}^{\ast } $$

K
∗

K
¯

∗

final states, and compare our predictions to those in previous PQCD analyses of the corresponding two-body B → $$ {K}^{\ast }{\overline{K}}^{\ast } $$

K
∗

K
¯

∗

decays. The polarization puzzle associated with the two U-spin related channels B0 → $$ {K}^{\ast 0}{\overline{K}}^{\ast 0} $$

K

∗
0

K
¯

∗
0

and $$ {B}_s^0\to {K}^{\ast 0}{\overline{K}}^{\ast 0} $$

B
s
0

→

K

∗
0

K
¯

∗
0

still exists. In addition to direct CP asymmetries, triple-product asymmetries and S-wave induced direct CP asymmetries originating from the interference among various helicity amplitudes, are presented. It is shown that true triple-product asymmetries are rather small, while direct CP asymmetries and S-wave-induced direct CP asymmetries are significant in some decays. Our results will be subject to stringent tests with precise data from B factories in the near future.
On hyperbolicity of the dynamic equations for plastic fluid-saturated solids
Authors: Osinov Vladimir A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe paper deals with the analysis of hyperbolicity of the dynamic equations for plastic solids, including one-phase solids and porous fluid-saturated solids with zero and nonzero permeability. Hyperbolicity defined as diagonalizability of the matrix of the system is necessary for the boundary value problems to be well posed. The difference between the system of equations for a plastic solid and the system for an elastic solid is that the former contains additional evolution equations for the dependent variables involved in the plasticity model. It is shown that the two systems agree with each other from the viewpoint of hyperbolicity: they are either both hyperbolic or both non-hyperbolic. Another issue addressed in the paper is the relation between hyperbolicity and the properties of the acoustic tensor (matrix). It remained unproved whether the condition for the eigenvalues of the acoustic matrix to be real and positive is not only necessary but also sufficient for hyperbolicity. It is proved in the paper that the equations are hyperbolic if and only if the eigenvalues of the acoustic matrix are real and positive with a complete set of eigenvectors. The analysis of the whole system of equations for a plastic solid can thus be reduced to the analysis of the acoustic matrix. The results are not restricted to a particular plasticity model but applicable to a wide class of models.