bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Access to Justice in Clientelist Networks
Authors: Shami Mahvish 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDespite its importance for poverty reduction, the poor face barriers when accessing justice. However, the literature, looking mostly at developed countries, focuses on the institutional underpinnings of these restrictions, and thus ignores social structural barriers. This paper deals with one type of social barrier; clientelism and its impact on poor clients’ access to justice. I argue that asymmetric power distribution enables patrons to bar clients from accessing formal institutions. Such barriers can’t be rectified through institutional reforms. Making use of an original dataset from Pakistan this paper recommends an unorthodox policy solution; increasing connectivity. I demonstrate how exit options, brought about through connectivity, alter bargaining powers, thereby limiting patrons’ ability to block clients from accessing formal justice institutions.
Incidence and Characteristics of Delayed Injection Site Reaction to the mRNA-1273 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Vaccine (Moderna) in a Cohort of Hospital Employees
Authors: Jacobson Mark A , Zakaria Adam , Maung Zaw , Hart Colin , McCalmont Timothy H , Fassett Marlys , Amerson Erin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are administered to 2 million individuals per day in the United States under US Food and Drug Administration emergency use authorization.

Methods
Observational cohort study of hospital employees who received their first SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination between 14 December 2020 and 8 January 2021, including employees who reported onset of an injection site reaction ≥48 hours after administration of their first or second dose to an employee hotline.

Results
Thirteen female employees who received the mRNA-1273 vaccine (Moderna) during the first 3 weeks of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine rollout at San Francisco General Hospital reported a pruritic rash at the injection site appearing 3 -9 days after receipt of their initial dose. Five had milder or similar reactions with earlier onset after the second dose. One additional female employee reported this delayed reaction only after the second dose. None reported serious adverse events or had symptoms severe enough to seek medical attention. These cases represented 1.1% of the 1275 female employees who received their first mRNA-1273 dose and 2.0% of the 557 who were aged 31 -45 years during this initial vaccine rollout. None of 675 males who initiated mRNA-1273 or 3612 employees of any sex who initiated BNT162b (Pfizer) vaccination during this period reported delayed-onset reactions.

Conclusions
These results suggest that delayed-onset, injection site pruritic rashes after mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine administration, lasting up to 1 week, occur commonly in females, do not lead to serious sequela, and should not deter receipt of the second vaccine dose.
Impact of Rotavirus Vaccine Introduction on Rotavirus Hospitalizations Among Children Under 5 Years of Age—World Health Organization African Region, 2008–2018
Authors: Mwenda Jason M , Hallowell Benjamin D , Parashar Umesh , Shaba Keith , Biey Joseph Nsiari-Muzeyi , Weldegebriel Goitom Gebremedhin , Paluku Gilson Kipese , Ntsama Bernard , N’diaye Aboubacar , Bello Isah Mohammed , Bwaka Ado Mpia , Zawaira Felicitas R , Mihigo Richard , Tate Jacqueline E 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Rotavirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) among children worldwide. Prior to rotavirus vaccine introduction, over one third of AGE hospitalizations in Africa were due to rotavirus. We describe the impact of rotavirus vaccines using data from the African Rotavirus Surveillance Network (ARSN).

Methods
For descriptive analysis, we included all sites reporting to ARSN for any length of time between 2008 and 2018. For vaccine impact analysis, continuous surveillance throughout the year was required to minimize potential bias due to enrollment of partial seasons and sites had to report a minimum of 100 AGE cases per year. We report the proportion of rotavirus AGE cases by year relative to vaccine introduction, and the relative reduction in the proportion of rotavirus AGE cases reported following vaccine introduction.

Results
From 2008 to 2018, 97 366 prospectively enrolled hospitalized children &lt;5 years of age met the case definition for AGE, and 34.1% tested positive for rotavirus. Among countries that had introduced rotavirus vaccine, the proportion of hospitalized AGE cases positive for rotavirus declined from 39.2% in the prevaccine period to 25.3% in the postvaccine period, a 35.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 33.7–37.3) decline. No declines were observed among countries that had not introduced the vaccine over the 11-year period.

Conclusions
Rotavirus vaccine introduction led to large and consistent declines in the proportion of hospitalized AGE cases that are positive for rotavirus. To maximize the public health benefit of these vaccines, efforts to introduce rotavirus vaccines in the remaining countries in the region and to improve coverage should continue.
Single-cell transcriptomic analyses of cardiac immune cells reveal that Rel-driven CD72-positive macrophages induce cardiomyocyte injury
Authors: Ni Shi-Hao , Xu Jin-Dong , Sun Shu-Ning , Li Yue , Zhou Zheng , Li Huan , Liu Xin , Deng Jian-Ping , Huang Yu-Sheng , Chen Zi-Xin , Feng Wen-Jun , Wang Jia-Jia , Xian Shao-Xiang , Yang Zhong-Qi , Wang Sheng , Wang Ling-Jun , Lu Lu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAims The goal of our study was to investigate the heterogeneity of cardiac macrophages (CMφs) in mice with transverse aortic constriction (TAC) via single-cell sequencing and identify a subset of macrophages associated with heart injury.Methods and results We selected all CMφs from CD45+ cells using single-cell mRNA sequencing data. Through dimension reduction, clustering, and enrichment analyses, CD72hi CMφs were identified as a subset of pro-inflammatory macrophages. The pseudo-time trajectory and ChIP-Seq analyses identified Rel as the key transcription factor that induces CD72hi CMφ differentiation. Rel KD and Rel−/− bone marrow chimaera mice subjected to TAC showed features of mitigated cardiac injury, including decreased levels of cytokines and ROS, which prohibited cardiomyocyte death. The transfer of adoptive Rel-overexpressing monocytes and CD72hi CMφ injection directly aggravated heart injury in the TAC model. The CD72hi macrophages also exerted pro-inflammatory and cardiac injury effects associated with myocardial infarction. In humans, patients with heart failure exhibit increased CD72hi CMφ levels following dilated cardiomyopathy and ischaemic cardiomyopathy.Conclusion Bone marrow-derived, Rel-mediated CD72hi macrophages play a pro-inflammatory role, induce cardiac injury and, thus, may serve as a therapeutic target for multiple cardiovascular diseases.
Triaging acute pulmonary embolism for home treatment by Hestia or simplified PESI criteria: the HOME-PE randomized trial
Authors: Roy Pierre-Marie , Penaloza Andrea , Hugli Olivier , Klok Frederikus A , Arnoux Armelle , Elias Antoine , Couturaud Francis , Joly Luc-Marie , Lopez Raphaëlle , Faber Laura M , Daoud-Elias Marie , Planquette Benjamin , Bokobza Jérôme , Viglino Damien , Schmidt Jeannot , Juchet Henry , Mahe Isabelle , Mulder Frits , Bartiaux Magali , Cren Rosen , Moumneh Thomas , Quere Isabelle , Falvo Nicolas , Montaclair Karine , Douillet Delphine , Steinier Charlotte , Hendriks Stephan V , Benhamou Ygal , Szwebel Tali-Anne , Pernod Gilles , Dublanchet Nicolas , Lapebie François-Xavier , Javaud Nicolas , Ghuysen Alexandre , Sebbane Mustapha , Chatellier Gilles , Meyer Guy , Jimenez David , Huisman Menno V , Sanchez Olivier ,   for the HOME-PE Study Group
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study is to compare the Hestia rule vs. the simplified Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (sPESI) for triaging patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) for home treatment.Methods and resultsNormotensive patients with PE of 26 hospitals from France, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Switzerland were randomized to either triaging with Hestia or sPESI. They were designated for home treatment if the triaging tool was negative and if the physician-in-charge, taking into account the patient’s opinion, did not consider that hospitalization was required. The main outcomes were the 30-day composite of recurrent venous thrombo-embolism, major bleeding or all-cause death (non-inferiority analysis with 2.5% absolute risk difference as margin), and the rate of patients discharged home within 24 h after randomization (NCT02811237). From January 2017 through July 2019, 1975 patients were included. In the per-protocol population, the primary outcome occurred in 3.82% (34/891) in the Hestia arm and 3.57% (32/896) in the sPESI arm (P = 0.004 for non-inferiority). In the intention-to-treat population, 38.4% of the Hestia patients (378/984) were treated at home vs. 36.6% (361/986) of the sPESI patients (P = 0.41 for superiority), with a 30-day composite outcome rate of 1.33% (5/375) and 1.11% (4/359), respectively. No recurrent or fatal PE occurred in either home treatment arm.ConclusionsFor triaging PE patients, the strategy based on the Hestia rule and the strategy based on sPESI had similar safety and effectiveness. With either tool complemented by the overruling of the physician-in-charge, more than a third of patients were treated at home with a low incidence of complications.
Tracking Egocentric Social Network Change Across Three Rounds of National Survey Data
Authors: Cornwell Benjamin , Schumm L Philip , Laumann Edward O , Goldman Alyssa W , Compernolle Ellen L 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
The National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) has collected 3 rounds of data on older adults’ egocentric social networks. We describe the structure of network data collection for different components of the sample and the data that are available for those groups. We also describe survey techniques that were used to track specific personnel changes that occurred within respondents’ networks during the 10-year study period.

Method
Descriptive statistics are presented for measures of network size, composition, and internal structure at all 3 rounds, respondent-level summary measures of change in these characteristics between and across rounds, and measures of change associated with the loss and addition of network members across Rounds 1, 2, and 3. Procedures that were used to clean the network change data are also explained.

Results
The NSHAP network change module provides reliable information about specific changes that occurred within respondents’ confidant networks. For returning baseline respondents, there is considerable overlap with respect to which confidants are named in successive rosters, but the norm is for Round 3 networks to be composed primarily of new confidants.

Discussion
These data provide new insights into the dynamic nature of networks in later life. Data limitations, and directions for future research, are discussed.
Green's function at depth of borehole observation required for precise estimation of the effect of ocean tidal loading near coasts
Authors: Kamigaichi Osamu , Matsumoto Norio , Hirose Fuyuki 
Published: June 2021

SUMMARY
We calculated Green's functions of displacements and strains caused by a surface load in surface and subsurface observations. Green's functions of displacements and strains at depth became different from those at the surface for a range of angular distances less than 0.01–0.1°. These Green's functions closely agree with the corresponding Boussinesq approximations for tidal loading at angular distances of less than about 0.01–0.001°. We examined the difference between the ocean tidal loading effect estimated by Green's functions at the surface and the effect for subsurface observations, and found a non-negligible difference when the ratio of distance between the coast and observatory to the deployment depth is smaller than 20. We compared amplitudes and phase shifts of areal and shear strains in the M2 tidal constituent observed by borehole strainmeters at 11 observatories with the theoretical strains using the Green's functions at the deployment depth and those at the surface. The theoretical strains using Green's function at the deployment depth are much closer to the observed strains than theoretical strains at the surface at four observatories where the ratios of distance from the coast to the observatories to the deployment depth are small. These results suggest that Green's functions at the deployment depth are needed to estimate theoretical strains precisely near the coast.
Functional and behavioral effects of de novo mutations in calcium-related genes in patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: Nakamura Takumi , Nakajima Kazuo , Kobayashi Yuki , Itohara Shigeyoshi , Kasahara Takaoki , Tsuboi Takashi , Kato Tadafumi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Bipolar disorder is a common mental illness occurring in approximately 1% of individuals and requires lifelong treatment. Although genetic factors are known to contribute to this disorder, the genetic architecture has not yet been completely clarified. Our initial trio-based exome sequencing study of bipolar disorder showed enrichment of de novo, loss-of-function (LOF) or protein-altering mutations in a combined group with bipolar I and schizoaffective disorders, and the identified de novo mutations were enriched in calcium-related genes. These findings suggested a role for de novo mutations in bipolar disorder. The validity of these statistical associations will be strengthened if the functional impact of the mutations on cellular function and behavior are identified. In this study, we focused on two de novo LOF mutations in calcium-related genes, EHD1 and MACF1, found in patients with bipolar disorder. We first showed that the EHD1 mutation resulted in a truncated protein with diminished effect on neurite outgrowth and inhibited endocytosis. Next, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to establish two knock-in mouse lines to model the in vivo effects of these mutations. We performed behavioral screening using IntelliCage and long-term wheel running analysis. Ehd1 mutant mice showed higher activity in the light phase. Macf1 mutant mice showed diminished attention and persistence to rewards. These behavioral alterations were similar to the phenotypes in previously proposed animal models of bipolar disorder. These findings endorse the possible role of de novo mutations as a component of the genetic architecture of bipolar disorder, which was suggested by the statistical evidence.
Face Numbers of Uniform Triangulations of Simplicial Complexes
Authors: Athanasiadis Christos A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A triangulation of a simplicial complex $\Delta $ is said to be uniform if the $f$-vector of its restriction to a face of $\Delta $ depends only on the dimension of that face. This paper proves that the entries of the $h$-vector of a uniform triangulation of $\Delta $ can be expressed as nonnegative integer linear combinations of those of the $h$-vector of $\Delta $, where the coefficients depend only on the dimension of $\Delta $ and the $f$-vectors of the restrictions of the triangulation to simplices of various dimensions. Furthermore, it provides information about these coefficients, including formulas, recurrence relations, and various interpretations, and gives a criterion for the $h$-polynomial of a uniform triangulation to be real rooted. These results unify and generalize several results in the literature about special types of triangulations, such as barycentric, edgewise and interval subdivisions.
Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in New York City Adults, June–October 2020: A Population-Based Survey
Authors: Parrott Jannae C , Maleki Ariana N , Vassor Valerie E , Osahan Sukhminder , Hsin Yusyin , Sanderson Michael , Fernandez Steven , Levanon Seligson Amber , Hughes Scott , Wu Jing , DeVito Andrea K , LaVoie Stephen P , Rakeman Jennifer L , Gould L Hannah , Alroy Karen A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Serosurveys help to ascertain burden of infection. Prior severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) serosurveys in New York City (NYC) used nonrandom samples. During June–October 2020, the NYC Health Department conducted a population-based survey estimating SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence in NYC adults.

Methods
Participants were recruited from the NYC 2020 Community Health Survey. We estimated citywide and stratified antibody prevalence using a hybrid design: serum tested with the DiaSorin LIAISON SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG assay and self-reported antibody test results were used together. We estimated univariate frequencies and 95% confidence intervals (CI), accounting for complex survey design. Two-sided P values ≤ .05 were statistically significant.

Results
There were 1074 respondents; 497 provided blood and 577 provided only a self-reported antibody test result. Weighted prevalence was 24.3% overall (95% CI, 20.7%–28.3%). Latino (30.7%; 95% CI, 24.1%–38.2%; P &lt; .01) and black (30.7%; 95% CI, 21.9%–41.2%; P = .02) respondents had a higher weighted prevalence compared with white respondents (17.4%; 95% CI, 12.5%–23.7%).

Conclusions
By October 2020, nearly 1 in 3 black and 1 in 3 Latino NYC adults had SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, highlighting unequal impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on black and Latino NYC adults.
Accounting for Imported Cases in Estimating the Time-Varying Reproductive Number of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Hong Kong
Authors: Tsang Tim K , Wu Peng , Lau Eric H Y , Cowling Benjamin J 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Estimating the time-varying reproductive number, Rt, is critical for monitoring transmissibility of an infectious disease. The impact of imported cases on the estimation is rarely explored. We developed a model to estimate separately the Rt for local cases and imported cases, accounting for imperfect contact tracing of cases. We applied this framework to data on coronavirus disease 2019 outbreaks in Hong Kong. The estimated Rt for local cases rose above 1 in late March 2020, which was undetected by other commonly used methods. When imported cases account for a considerable proportion of all cases, their impact on estimating Rt is critical.
To H0 or not to H0?
Authors: Efstathiou George 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
This paper investigates whether changes to late-time physics can resolve the ‘Hubble tension’. It is argued that many of the claims in the literature favouring such solutions are caused by a misunderstanding of how distance ladder measurements actually work and, in particular, by the inappropriate use of a distance ladder H0 prior. A dynamics-free inverse distance ladder shows that changes to late-time physics are strongly constrained observationally and cannot resolve the discrepancy between the SH0ES data and the base ΛCDM cosmology inferred from Planck. We propose a statistically rigorous scheme to replace the use of H0 priors.
Constraining accretion efficiency in massive binary stars with LIGO –Virgo black holes
Authors: Bouffanais Yann , Mapelli Michela , Santoliquido Filippo , Giacobbo Nicola , Iorio Giuliano , Costa Guglielmo 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
The growing sample of LIGO–Virgo black holes (BHs) opens new perspectives for the study of massive binary evolution. Here, we study the impact of mass accretion efficiency and common envelope on the properties of binary BH (BBH) mergers, by means of population synthesis simulations. We model mass accretion efficiency with the parameter fMT ∈ [0.05, 1], which represents the fraction of mass lost from the donor which is effectively accreted by the companion. Lower values of fMT result in lower BBH merger rate densities and produce mass spectra skewed towards lower BH masses. Our hierarchical Bayesian analysis, applied to BBH mergers in the first and second gravitational-wave transient catalogue, yields zero support for values of fMT ≲ 0.6, with a lower boundary of the 99 per cent credible intervals equal to fMT = 0.59. This result holds for all the values of the common-envelope efficiency parameter we considered in this study αCE ∈ [1, 10]. This confirms that gravitational-wave data can be used to put constraints on several uncertain binary evolution processes.
An infrared study of Galactic OH/IR stars – III. Variability properties of the Arecibo sample
Authors: Jiménez-Esteban F M , Engels D , Aguado D S , González J B , García-Lario P 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
We present the results of a near-infrared (NIR) monitoring programme carried out between 1999 and 2005 to determine the variability properties of the ‘Arecibo sample of OH/IR stars’. The sample consists of 385 IRAS-selected Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) candidates, for which their O-rich chemistry has been proven by the detection of 1612 MHz OH maser emission. The monitoring data were complemented by data collected from public optical and NIR surveys. We fitted the light curves obtained in the optical and NIR bands with a model using an asymmetric cosine function, and derived a period for 345 sources (∼90 per cent of the sample). Based on their variability properties, most of the Arecibo sources are classified as long-period large-amplitude variable (LPLAV) stars, 4 per cent as (candidate) post-AGB stars, and 3 per cent remain unclassified although they are likely post-AGB stars or highly obscured AGB stars. The period distribution of the LPLAVs peaks at ∼400 d, with periods between 300 and 800 d for most of the sources, and has a long tail up to ∼2100 d. Typically, the amplitudes are between 1 and 3 mag in the NIR and between 2 and 6 mag in the optical. We find correlations between periods and amplitudes, with larger amplitudes associated with longer periods, as well as between the period and the infrared colours, with the longer periods linked to the redder sources. Among the post-AGB stars, the light curve of IRAS 19566+3423 was exceptional, showing a large systematic increase (&gt;0.4 mag yr−1) in K-band brightness over 7 yr.
The effect of phased recurrent units in the classification of multiple catalogues of astronomical light curves
Authors: Donoso-Oliva C , Cabrera-Vives G , Protopapas P , Carrasco-Davis R , Estevez P A 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
In the new era of very large telescopes, where data are crucial to expand scientific knowledge, we have witnessed many deep learning applications for the automatic classification of light curves. Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are one of the models used for these applications, and the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) unit stands out for being an excellent choice for the representation of long time series. In general, RNNs assume observations at discrete times, which may not suit the irregular sampling of light curves. A traditional technique to address irregular sequences consists of adding the sampling time to the network’s input, but this is not guaranteed to capture sampling irregularities during training. Alternatively, the Phased LSTM (PLSTM) unit has been created to address this problem by updating its state using the sampling times explicitly. In this work, we study the effectiveness of the LSTM- and PLSTM-based architectures for the classification of astronomical light curves. We use seven catalogues containing periodic and non-periodic astronomical objects. Our findings show that LSTM outperformed PLSTM on six of seven data sets. However, the combination of both units enhances the results in all data sets.