bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Situ Detection of Kinetic-size Magnetic Holes in the Martian Magnetosheath
Authors: Huang S. Y. , Lin R. T. , Yuan Z. G. , Jiang K. , Wei Y. Y. , Xu S. B. , Zhang J. , Zhang Z. H. , Xiong Q. Y. , Yu L. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Depression in magnetic field strength with a scale below one proton gyroradius is referred to as a kinetic-size magnetic hole (KSMH). KSMHs are frequently observed near Earth’s space environments and are thought to play an important role in electron energization and energy dissipation in space plasmas. Recently, KSMHs have been evidenced in the Venusian magnetosheath. However, observations of KSMHs in other planetary environments are still lacking. In this study, we present the in situ detection of KSMHs in the Martian magnetosheath using Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) for the first time. The distribution of KSMHs is asymmetry in the southern–northern hemisphere and no obvious asymmetry in the dawn–dusk hemisphere. The observed KSMHs are accompanied by increases in the electron fluxes in the perpendicular direction, indicating the cues of trapped electrons and the formation of electron vortices inside KSMHs. These features are similar to the observations in the Earth’s magnetosheath and magnetotail plasma sheet and the Venusian magnetosheath. This implies that KSMHs are a universal magnetic structure in space.
On the Origin of Gamma-Ray Flares from Bright Fermi Blazars
Authors: Paliya Vaidehi S. , Böttcher M. , Gurwell Mark , Stalin C. S. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The origin of γ-ray flares observed from blazars is one of the major mysteries in jet physics. We have attempted to address this problem following a novel spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting technique that explored the flaring patterns identified in the broadband SEDs of two γ-ray bright blazars, 3C 279 (z = 0.54) and 3C 454.3 (z = 0.86), using near-simultaneous radio-to-γ-ray observations. For both sources, the γ-ray flux strongly correlates with the separation of the SED peaks and the Compton dominance. We propose that spectral hardening of the radiating electron population and/or enhancement of the Doppler factor can naturally explain these observations. In both cases, magnetic reconnection may play a pivotal role in powering the luminous γ-ray flares.
Checklist of the suborder Terebrantia (Thysanoptera): generic diversity and species composition in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China
Authors: Elie Ntirenganya , Yajin Li , Yanlan Xie , Yanli Zhou , Hongrui Zhang 
Published: November 2021

Thysanoptera is amongst the most predominant orders of insects in different ecological zones with worldwide distribution. Due to their small size, there is a large gap in their distribution and host range data. To the best of our knowledge, there is no investigation on the thrips distribution and their host range in Xishuangbanna. Currently, a total of 566 species in 155 genera are listed in China, of which 313 species represent Terebrantia.
In this study, a list of 116 species representing 55 genera within the families Aeolothripidae and Thripidae is provided. Two of these, Dichromomothrips nakahari Moud, 1976 (subfamily Thripinae) and Phibalothrips rugosus Kudo, 1979 (subfamily Panchaetothripinae) are recorded for the first time in China. Thrips species with their host ranges, habits and habitats are provided. Our study aims to contribute to the global biodiversity distribution data-gap of Thysanoptera for conservation purposes, as well as pest species targetting Integrated Pest Management tactics.
Les deux Casse-noisettes ou le détour par l’enfance
Authors: Labouret Mireille 
Published: November 2021

Balzac met en scène dans Le Cousin Pons des personnages vieillissants dans un univers promis à la mort. Or, les deux « casse-noisettes », Pons et Schmucke, sont présentés comme des enfants : Pons, « vieillard de naissance », concentre en lui les défauts et les goûts attribués à la petite enfance tandis que Schmucke incarne la naïveté et l’innocence de cet âge. Ce retour à l’enfance s’accompagne pour les deux musiciens d’un détour par les formes artistiques du conte et de la féérie, propices au déploiement d’un imaginaire propre à l’enfance, les figures de l’ogresse et de la marâtre se superposant au visage de la mère protectrice. Toutefois, c’est le sourire de l’enfance, émanant de la petite Topinard, qui éclaire le dénouement bien sombre du récit et suggère qu’il est d’autres liens que ceux de la famille bourgeoise et d’autres valeurs que celles prônées par le clan Camusot pour illustrer l’adage res duplex de la dédicace des Parents pauvres au prince de Teano.
A justiça brasileira sob medida : A pandemia no Brasil entre direitos e privilégios
Authors: Baptista Bárbara Gomes Lupetti , Duarte Fernanda , Lima Michel Lobo Toledo , Filho Rafael Mario Iorio , Lima Roberto Kant de 
Published: November 2021

Partindo da afirmação de que a sociedade brasileira se estrutura de forma hierarquizada, reproduzindo um ethos aristocrático em contraposição a uma ordem republicana, podemos reconhecer que, no plano jurídico, a desigualdade se opera em dois níveis : no aspecto normativo – por meio da elaboração das leis – e na administração dos conflitos, quando da aplicação das leis, especialmente pelo Judiciário. Nesse texto pretendemos problematizar o modo como as instituições judiciárias no Brasil internalizam e (re)produzem desigualdades jurídicas – o que se tornou mais evidente com a pandemia da Covid-19 e suas consequências para a esfera de direitos dos brasileiros. Para tanto, pretendemos descrever três categorias de casos (os casos de auxílio-saúde ; casos de “fura-fila” da vacinação contra a Covid-19 ; e os casos de pedidos de liberdade de réus presos em razão da pandemia da Covid-19), que ajudam a revelar essa chave da desigualdade.
Design and Evaluation of an Athletic Training Educational Escape Room
Authors: Davlin-Pater Christina 
Published: November 2021

Context
The educational escape room is an innovative teaching strategy, and the use of this technique is gaining popularity in some health care disciplines. It is believed to promote acquisition of knowledge and skills, increase motivation, and encourage engagement, critical thinking, collaboration, and problem-solving.

Objective
To describe the use of an innovative educational escape room in a master's-level athletic training course and to examine learning effectiveness and students' perceptions.

Design
Quasi-experimental.

Setting
A Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education–accredited master's-level athletic training program.

Patients or Other Participants
A convenience sample of 14 students enrolled in a master's-level professional athletic training program participated.

Intervention(s)
Educational escape room.

Main Outcome Measures(s)
A paired-samples t test was used to determine differences between preactivity and postactivity knowledge-assessment scores. Measures of central tendency were used for survey questions related to student perceptions of the activity. Student perceptions were assessed after the intervention.

Results
All participants completed the preactivity and postactivity knowledge assessments. The difference in scores was found to be statistically significant (t13 = −4.502, P = .001), with a large effect size (Cohen d = 1.32). Participants thought the escape room was an effective way to improve their knowledge of course materials (mean ± SD = 5.0 ± 0.0) and encouraged them to apply course material in a new way (mean ± SD = 4.9 ± 0.27). Participants reported that they had fun (mean ± SD = 5.0 ± 0.0) and felt that the activity was immersive (mean ± SD = 5.0 ± 0.00). Qualitative elements from the postactivity survey corroborated the data.

Conclusions
The education escape room described in this study promoted learning while providing a fun and engaging learning experience with positive perceived value.
Assessment of the Field Utility of a Rapid Point-of-Care Test for SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in a Household Cohort
Authors: Churiwal Mehal , Lin Kelly D. , Khan Salman , Chhetri Srijana , Muller Meredith S. , Tompkins Kathleen , Smith Judy , Litel Christy , Whittelsey Maureen , Basham Christopher , Rapp Tyler , Cerami Carla , Premkumar Lakshmanane , Lin Jessica T. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT.
Point-of-care (POC) tests to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies offer quick assessment of serostatus after natural infection or vaccination. We compared the field performance of the BioMedomics COVID-19 IgM/IgG Rapid Antibody Test against an ELISA in 303 participants enrolled in a SARS-CoV-2 household cohort study. The rapid antibody test was easily implemented with consistent interpretation across 14 users in a variety of field settings. Compared with ELISA, detection of seroconversion lagged by 5 to 10 days. However, it retained a sensitivity of 90% (160/177, 95% confidence interval [CI] 85–94%) and specificity of 100% (43/43, 95% CI 92–100%) for those tested 3 to 5 weeks after symptom onset. Sensitivity was diminished among those with asymptomatic infection (74% [14/19], 95% CI 49–91%) and early in infection (45% [29/64], 95% CI 33–58%). When used appropriately, rapid antibody tests offer a convenient way to detect symptomatic infections during convalescence.
Effects of application of copper-based fungicides in cocoa plantations on the abundance and diversity of macroinvertebrates in adjacent rivers in Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Adedire C. O. , Adeyemi J. A. , Owokoniran G. O. , Adu B. W. , Ileke K. D. 
Published: November 2021

This study investigated the relationship between the levels of fungicide pollution and the abundance and diversity of macroinvertebrate fauna in three river systems: Aponmu, Oruwo, and Owena in south-western Nigeria, which are in close proximity to cocoa plantations. For each river, three sites were selected for the collection of water and sediment samples from April to July, 2018. Prior to sample collection, the physicochemical parameters (electrical conductivity, total dissolved solutes, pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen) were determined. Also, aquatic macroinvertebrates were collected, and were identified to generic level, where possible. The levels of copper and sulphate in the samples were determined following standard procedures. The range of mean values for the physicochemical parameters were: 0.07-0.20 mS/cm, 60.00 – 154.00 ppm, 24.60 – 28.13 °C, 6.97 – 7.43, and 0.87 – 2.87 mg/L for electrical conductivity, total dissolved solutes, temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen respectively. The range of mean values for copper and sulphate in sediment samples were 30.58 – 56.63 mg/Kg and 787.12 – 978.33 mg/Kg respectively while those for the water samples were 2.86 – 6.93 mg/L and 476.6 – 685.58 mg/L respectively. A total of nineteen (19) macroinvertebrate genera comprising Insecta (14), Gastropoda (3), Crustacea (1), and Bivalvia (1) were recorded. Taxa richness and species diversity were higher in river Owena in comparison to rivers Aponmu and Oruwo. The high abundance of the taxa: Potamididae, Gerridae, Notonectidae, Libellulidae, and Platycnemididae in the sampled rivers notwithstanding the pollution levels is an indication that these taxa are capable of thriving in polluted aquatic systems.
Keywords: Aquatic pollution; Copper-based fungicides; Black pod disease; Macroinvertebrates; Diversityindices
The distribution of extended-spectrum Beta-Lactamase genes in Fomites, healthcare workers, and patients from two hospitals in Lagos state, Nigeria
Authors: Egwuatu T. O. , Ishola O. D. , Oladele O. E. 
Published: November 2021

Antibiotics resistance is a rapidly emerging issue through the misuse of antibiotics to treat human and animalrelated infections. The use of beta-lactams has increased considerably since its discovery so also resistant genes leading to Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBL) mediated by the presence of blaCTX-M , blaTEM and blaSHV genes present in most Gram-negative bacteria. This study aimed to detect the widespread distribution of ESBL genes from fomites, healthcare workers, and patients suffering from urinary tract infection in two hospitals in Lagos state, Nigeria. A total of 150 swab samples were collected from fomites, health care workers, and cathetersof patients suffering from urinary tract infection (UTI). Antibiotics susceptibility test was performed by Kirby- Bauer technique according to CLSI guidelines. Organisms that tested positive phenotypically for ESBL were subjected to PCR for molecular analysis. ESBL prevalence rate of 21.8% and a carbapenemase-resistance rate of 16.7% were recorded. The ESBL producing isolates showed the highest resistance to ceftriaxone (82.4%) and the least resistance to tigecycline (5.9%). The existence of blaCTX-M and blaTEM was detected in 76.5% and 17.6% of the isolates respectively, while bla encoding gene was not detected in this study. The distribution of blaSHV genes detected in this study is of great concern which necessitates strict control measures in the usage of antibiotics especially the third-generation cephalosporin. In summary, the presence and distribution of ESBL encoding genes within two hospitals in Lagos were tested and the highest occurrence was recorded in blaCTX-M gene reducing and limiting the available treatment option for infections.
Morphological and molecular assessment of mushroom (Lentinus Squarrosulus) (mont.) Singer
Authors: Adenipekun C. O. , Ogunkanmi L. A. , Onibonoje O. 
Published: November 2021

Lentinus squarrosulus is a popular mushroom in Nigeria used for traditional medicine apart from food. The identification of those high-quality fungal species is not only necessary but has great economic significance as it will allow product distributors to verify the material they are selling. Hence, this study investigated the morphological and molecular relationship among L. squarrosulus samples from different locations in Ibadan. Ten samples of L. squarrosulus were collected from nine different natural habitats in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, from which pure cultures were prepared. Isolation of DNA was done from fruiting bodies of fresh samples evaluated. Ten primers were designed from ITS sequences of the Family Agariceae and used for the study. The ten mushrooms evaluated in the study showed diverse morphological features such as colour of cap and pileus, size of stipe and pileus. A total of 50 amplicons were generated of which 31 bands (62%) were polymorphic. The RAPD variety-specific products were generated in some of the genotypes evaluated which can serve as unique identifiers. The study showed mean values for marker gene diversity of 0.27, Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) of 0.25 and 63.81% polymorphism. Both morphological and molecular analyses revealed two clustered groups. Number and types of samples in each group were not the same in both studies. The presence of unique band pattern among sampled fungi evaluated showed the discriminating power of the primer Ast-F in the study.
Keywords: Polymorphism, DNA, RAPD, Fungi, Gene diversity characterization
Soil quality and metal distribution around stone quarries within Abeokuta, Southwest, Nigeria
Authors: Olatunde K.A. , Towolawi T. , Kolawole I. , Aiyelabola N. , Michael O. , Warrie E. , Oludiran O. , Awomade I. 
Published: November 2021

Quarrying activities are explored to extract a variety of materials deposited underneath the earth surface. These activities however can potentially impact negatively on soil quality and cause elemental pollution. This study assessed soil quality and distribution of metals in soils around four quarrying sites (PAPA, S&D, TCity and Mile 8) within Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. Thirty six topsoil samples were collected at distances from quarry gates in September 2019 and analyzed using standard methods. Soil quality and metal concentrations were compared with reference and standards and the degrees of soil contamination assessed using relevant indices. Soil quality reduced with distance from the quarry gates. Similarly, metal concentrations had strong and significant (P=0.05) negative relationships with distance and were higher in soil samples compared to the reference. Moderate contaminations for all metals were observed in soils collected close to the quarry gates soils from the results of the contamination factor index (Cf). However, the results of ecological risk index (Ei) showed that the metal loads in soils currently do not pose any ecological risk.
Keywords: Quarry, Soil quality, Metal distribution, Soil contamination, Potential ecological risk
Durağan'ın (Sinop) Jeoturizm Açısından Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: BAĞCI Harun Reşit , KARADURAK Sevcan 
Published: November 2021

Bu çalışmada, Durağan’da bulunan Jeomorfosit olma potansiyeline sahip yer şekilleri araştırılmıştır. Batı Karadeniz Bölümü’nde yer alan Durağan, Sinop’un kıyı ardı ilçelerinden biridir. Tektonizma, flüvyal süreçler ve litolojisine bağlı olarak jeomorfolojik açıdan ilgi çekici yer şekillerine sahiptir. Çalışma kapsamında; Durağan’da jeomorfosit olabilecek yer şekillerinin tespiti, tanıtılması ve jeomorfoturizm potansiyellerinin nicel olarak belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla; arazi çalışmalarıyla yer şekilleri tespit edilerek, morfometrik özellikleri incelenmiş, ulaşılabilirlikleri ve ilgi çekebilecek yönleri araştırılmıştır. Sahayla ilgili ikincil veriler temin edilmiş, CBS kullanılarak görsel materyaller üretilmiştir. Tespit edilen yer şekillerinin jeomorfoturizm potansiyellerinin belirlenebilmesi için Jeosit Ön Değerlendirme Modeli (Preliminary Geosite Assessment Model-GAM) kullanılmıştır. Bu modele göre yer şekilleri ana ve ek değerlere göre 0-1 arasında puanlanarak, bir matrise yerleştirilmiş, düşük, orta ve yüksek seviyeleri gösteren “Z” alanları belirlenmiştir.
Durağan’da üç şelale, iki mağara, kanyon, volkanik şekiller ve kayalıklar olmak üzere, jeomorfosit olma potansiyeline sahip, sekiz yer şekli tespit edilmiştir. Bu şekiller GAM’a göre; Z21, Z22 ve Z32 alanlarındadır. Z21, orta seviyede ana, düşük seviyede ek değerlere, Z22 orta seviyede ana ve ek değerlere, Z32 ise yüksek seviyede ana, orta seviyede ek değerlere sahip jeomorfositleri göstermektedir. Tespit edilen şekillerin, işlevsel turizm değerlerinin düşük olması ve tanıtım eksikliği ek değer puanlarını, yöreyle ilgili akademik çalışmaların yetersizliği ise ana değer puanlarını düşürmüştür. Sonuçlara göre, Durağan’da en yüksek jeomorfoturizm değerine sahip yer şekilleri Kızılırmak Kanyonu ile Karakaya Kayalıkları iken en düşük değer Ağcaçal Mağarası’na aittir.
Durağan, konumu ve topoğrafyası nedeniyle sosyoekonomik imkânların kısıtlı, kırsal nüfusun ağırlıklı olduğu bir yerleşmedir. Bu gibi yerleşmelerde jeomorfoturizm gibi etkinlikler, bilinirliliği artırarak yöreyi ekonomik anlamda desteklemektedir. Durağan, jeomorfositleri ile bir açık alan dersliği niteliğindedir. Coğrafya başta olmak üzere pek çok yükseköğretim programının öğrencileri ile ortaöğretim öğrencilerinin ziyaret edilebileği bir uygulama alanı niteliğindedir. Bu anlamda Durağan’da tespit edilen yer şekillerinin tanıtılması, sürdürülebilir olarak jeomorfoturizme açılması Coğrafya bilimi, yöre ekonomisi ve bu yer şekillerinin korunması açısından önemlidir.
Trends in the development of vocational education in railway transport: expert opinions
Authors: Editorial Article 
Published: November 2021

The popularity of secondary vocational education is growing rapidly. Today it is an open system that develops in alliance with employers, students and educators. The openness of the system, constant updating of the content, prompt flexible response to socio-economic changes and problems, harmonization of learning outcomes with the requirements in the world of work determine the possibilities of adapting secondary vocational education to external changes.The issues of training mid-level personnel for the transport industry are in the center of attention of the Ministry of Education and Science, the Ministry of Transport and universities under the jurisdiction of Roszheldor. Thus, representatives of the Public Council under Roszheldor spoke about the need for full funding of secondary vocational education, which will allow the implementation of training programs for secondary vocational education for the railway industry of better quality and ensure a greater flow of young specialists.The editors invited leading scientists and leaders of the first level of the universities of communications to speak on the pages of the journal about the main trends in the development of vocational education in railway transport, share the experience gained, highlight particularly topical issues.
New requirements for training personnel for railway transport
Authors: Elina L. A. , Maksimov V. A. 
Published: November 2021

The problem of vocational training of specialists is one of the most essential questions in vocational education.Industrial enterprises (and not only railway transport), are currently forced to spend much money and time on additional training of their new employees (specialists), who experience serious difficulties when working. The theoretical training of a young specialist even he (or she) is hardworking, discipline and pass in for his work sometimes doesn't correspond to the real facts at works. The change in the system of the vocational education is necessity now days. These changes are connected with the necessity to improve the training of the students.In the conditions when reform of the system of the vocational education is full speed and the teachers are in search of new educational models the problem of the trained skilled workers claimed in the labor market is in great need. It must be an energetic, curious, creative person capable to show his skill and to react quickly on the changes in the society especially in the professional and social sphere. The main task of the contemporary educational institution is training of such graduating students.Modernization as being an important reserve for the reorganization and renovation of the education system in accordance with the contemporary demands puts the task: to bring in accordance with the social and economical needs of the country to establish communication with the works.The improvement of the vocational education will be of great importance not only for the development of the railway transport but for the whole country, it will give a push to the positive changes in the others branches of industry.
Modern technological solutions to ensure transport security
Authors: Leonov S. I. 
Published: November 2021

To ensure uninterrupted railway communication with the Republic of Crimea, within the framework of the largest national infrastructure project, the construction of a transport crossing through the Kerch Strait was completed in 2018, which also includes a railway component. The article considers the regulatory legal grounds for the use of modern stationary inspection and screening complexes that allow for the inspection of freight trains plying on the railway of the transport passage through the Kerch Strait.The uniqueness of the legal regime for the protection of this structure is complemented by the use of the latest technical means of ensuring transport security to prevent the commission of unlawful encroachments in the activities of the transport complex, including stationary inspection railway complexes.The principle of operation of inspection complexes, which is based on the physical method of introscopy, is shown, and their technical characteristics are given. The use of inspection railway complexes allows the transport security forces to identify objects and substances that are prohibited or restricted for movement into the transport security zone, practically without interfering with the technological processes of freight traffic, since the scanning of wagons is carried out while the passage is moving. Modern installations at a high level reliably protect the Crimean bridge from illegal encroachments.