bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study on a simultaneous biological nitrification-denitrification of an aqueous solution simulating a refinery wastewater
Authors: Ali Rusol Hussein , Albdiri Amer D.Z. , Jabir Ferdous A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A bench-scale bioreactor with a five-liter working volume was used to carry out a simultaneous biological nitrification-denitrification (SBND) of an aqueous solution simulating refinery wastewater. The bioreactor was also used to perform a similar scheme of experiments on real refinery wastewater (RRW). Despite the higher salinity of the RRW, the obtained results of the two cases demonstrated a fair trend agreement, but a lower nitrogen removal efficiency for the RRW. Anaerobic bacteria (Phenobacter) was successfully adapted to perform nitrification (aerobic) and denitrification (anaerobic) processes. Dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved salts (TDS), and nitrate (NO3
−) ions were periodically measured (each 1 hour) to determine the time for the nitrification and denitrification. The time for nitrification was around 4 hours and the time for denitrification was approximately 3 hours (75% of the nitrification time). The minimum and maximum values of the pH, COD, TDS, and NO3
− ions at the start and the end of the nitrification-denitrification processes were 7.3-8.5, 318-585, 779.88-7710, and 2.4-56 respectively for the aqueous solution, while their range was 7.3-8.3, 310-660, 4736.9-8086, and 5.6-78 respectively for the RRW. The nitrogen removal efficiencies of the aqueous solution and the RRW were 95% and 87% respectively. The results prove the successful adaptation of an aerobic bacteria (Phenobacter) for nitrifying and denitrifying a refinery wastewater and reducing the investment and operational costs of the wastewater treatment plant.
Polymorphisms of IFN-γ T/A +874 Gene and Relationship with COVID 19 in Iraqi Population
Authors: Nasser Dhabaan Anwar Abed , Alwan Mohammad Hussein 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study included 80 blood specimens. Fifty samples collected from COVID 19 with age ranged between 02-75 years, and 30 blood specimens collected from healthy as a control sample with age ranged between 91-63 years. The polymorphism ofIFN-γT/A +874 gene, which amplified by using amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS-PCR) was showed high percentage of A allele frequency in COVID 19 patients sample in comparison with T allele frequency, and the A allele revealed as etiological fraction with risk by having COVID 19 disease, whereas the T allele showed high frequency from the A allele frequency in control specimen, and the A allele revealed as preventive fraction from infection by this disease. The AA and TA genotypes revealed as etiological fraction with risk by having COVID disease, whereas the TT genotype revealed as preventive fraction with risk by having COVID 19 disease. Our findings demonstrate that theIFN-γGene T/A +874 gene polymorphism may represent a significant risk factor for COVID 19 in Iraqi population and there is association between theIFN-γGene T/A +874 polymorphism and COVID 19 patients.
Detection of Entamoeba gingivalis by PCR Technology and its Association with Oral Diseases
Authors: AL-Sarhan Omran Hassan , Mohemeed Abdulkhalik Alwan , Saeed Ahmed Yas 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study included collecting 100 samples in the form of gum swabs, gum pockets, saliva, and extracted teeth, and PCR technology was used to determine the incidence of Entamoeba gingivalis in northern Salah El-Din governorate for healthy and people with oral diseases and those suffering from diabetes of the first and second types. The overall injury rate was 52%. It was found that the incidence of people with oral diseases was 60%, and the rate was 33.3% in healthy subjects. And that the rate of infection in persons with gingivitis is the highest rate of infection among oral diseases, as the rate reached 80% and the lowest incidence of 30% for those with tooth decay disease. The incidence of oral diseases and those suffering from diabetes is 61%, and the incidence of persons with oral diseases and those suffering from type 1 diabetes is the highest incidence of persons with oral diseases and those suffering from diabetes type II, as the rate reached 66.6, 55.5%, respectively. And the incidence of smokers and those with oral diseases is higher than that of persons with oral diseases and non-smokers, as the rate was 78.5 and 47.6%, respectively.
Qualitative assessments of Sub-base deposits of Dibdiba formation and determine their suitability for construction and engineering purposes in selected quarries at Karbala governorate/middle of Iraq
Authors: Neema Ahmed Q. , Khalaf Muhsen O. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this geotechnical study a qualitative assessment was made on the Sub-base deposits of the Dibdiba Formation from selected quarries in Karbala Governorate, central Iraq. Where 4 quarries were selected and 6 samples were taken from each quarry, bringing the total number of samples studied to 24. Physical tests such as (grain size analysis, CBR% test, Modified proctor compaction test, Atterberg limits test, and scraping ratio test) were performed, as well as chemical tests such as (sulfate content SO3%, gypsum percentage CaSO4.2H2O% test, Total soluble salts%, and organic matter% test) and the results showed that the Sub-base deposits in Dibdiba Formation in the study area falls under the class (B) according to the general specification for roads and bridges (SORB/R6,1999). The chemical tests of the studied models showed that the percentage of harmful substances is very low and that the studied Sub-base deposits are very good in terms of suitability for use for construction, engineering and road works. It is worth noting that the results of the scraping ratio test were very close, and therefore this indicates that the origin of these deposits studied is from one source.
Control Fig Mosaic Virus By plant extracts with salicylic acid
Authors: Zagier Shrooq , Fadhal Fadhal Al , Alisawi Osamah 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMany attempts have been made to reduce or limit the economic damage caused by the fig mosaic virus to the growth of fig trees and their production from the fruits, in this study the disease in fig seedlings was controlled by aqueous extracts of licorice roots and garlic cloves, salicylic acid. experiments in the greenhouse showed that salicylic acid spraying treatments and aqueous extracts of licorice root and garlic plant cloves individually and twice on intact fig seedlings infected with the fig mosaic virus had a significant effect in reducing the severity of the virus and increasing plant growth indicators such as number of leaves, plant height, leaf content of chlorophyll and elements Nitrogen and phosphorous, and the interaction treatment between licorice extract and garlic cloves extract outperformed in achieving the lowest rate of infection severity, which reached 26.45%, compared to the control treatment, which amounted to 90.36%.
Removal of Metformin hydrochloride from Aqueous Solutions by using Carboxymethyl cellulose-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) Hydrogel: Adsorption and Thermodynamic Studies
Authors: Faleh Yahya A. , Radhy Nadher D. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The ]Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose-grafting-Poly(Acryl Amide-Acrylic Acid) [ hydrogel was synthesized through free radical polymerization method of CMC, AAm, and AAc. Potassium persulfate(KPS) and N, N methylene bis-acrylamide (MBA) were used as initiator and crosslinking agent, respectively. FTIR, XRD, FESEM, and TGA were used to characterize the synthesized hydrogel. The hydrogel was used to remove metformin hydrochloride drug from aqueous solutions. The analysis clarifies the effect of several parameters on the quantity of adsorbate, including pH at a range of (1.2-12), the temperature at a range of (15, 20, 25 and 30°C), equilibrium time (1-240 min), and adsorbate weight at a range of (0.001-0.1 g). It is discovered that as temperature increases and pH decreases, the quantity of adsorbate present decreases. Equilibrium time 120 min. The adsorption isotherm seems to indicate that the adsorption mechanism followed Freundlich and Temkin models. Thermodynamic functions were measured, and it was discovered that the adsorption mechanism is exothermic and spontaneous.
Adsorption and removal studies of heavy metal Pb(II) on their Water Solution on adsorbent surface of Vinyl Alcohol/Chitosan-Graphene Oxide
Authors: Jasim Layth S. , Irhayyim Sajjad H. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/graphene oxide (CH-g-PVA/GO) hydrogel was prepared by using iron chloride as a cross-linking agent. This hydrogel was used to remove lead ions as it was found to have a suitable surface area for adsorption time was 120 mint. The adsorption is proven using FESEM and FTIR analysis, TEM analysis, and knowledge of AFM surface roughness.. Also, TGA shows that the hydrogel is stable at high temperatures. The study of the hydrogel’s kinetic parameter was performed by using the lead ion applied to the adsorption of the pseudo-second-order because (R2) approximates the correct model.
The environmental effects of nano powder against some microbes that isolated from oral cavity
Authors: Kadhum Alghanimi Sarmad Mahdi , Hadi Sawsan Samir 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Among the applications that nan opowder can use is its ability to inhibit the growth of microbes in certain proportions according to the type of microbe, by changing the environmental characteristics of the culture medium in which the microbes grow, and this is done after isolating and determining the type of microbe by taking a group of isolates taken from swabs of the oral cavity, These microbes were obtained (Streptococcus sp., Staphylococcus aureus sp., Candida sp., Actinomyces sp., Actinobacillus sp., Bacillus sp.) In various proportions 37.6%, 18%, 16.4%, 12.8%, 9.5%., 5.7%, respectively. After the process of producing nano powder, which consists of three crystalline types (sulfur, carbon, and chloride), which have been prepared in a mechanical way and with sequential stages and steps until the particles are obtained through which the desired purpose can be achieved. Its efficiency and ability to inhibit and prevent the growth of microbes in the culture medium are examined after they were identified in the primary isolates and cultivated again, when they were transplanted again with the culture plates, and the areas of inhibition were documented on the plates containing the culture medium in which these microbes were grown.
Effect of phosphate rock and kinetin and its interactions in the growth of basil plant Ocimum Basilicumt
Authors: Said Aljalaly Amel Abd , Said Aljalaly Suad Abd , AL-Mentafji Hayder N. H. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
An plastic pots experiment was conducted, in (the Botanical Garden of Biology Department in the Faculty of Education Ibn Al-Haytham- University of Baghdad), for a growing season(2019-2020), in order to study the effect of phosphate rocks, the level of addition and non-addition, the last is the control treatment, and spraying with kinetin, In three concentrations(25, 50, 100) mg. L −1 as well as control treatment it’s do not spray, and the their interactions on the content of: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, chlorophyll and concentration: protein and carbohydrates in the shoot of basil. The results confirmed that the addition of phosphate rock and sprinkling of kinetin and its interference have a significant effect on the studied traits of basil. The treatment of adding the phosphorous rock and the concentration 100 mg. L −1 gave in the highest values for the above mentioned characteristics.
Assessment the Status of Treated and Ground Water Production in Selected Provinces in Iraq
Authors: Janna Hussein 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate the usage and production of water in selected provinces in Iraq for the period from 2016- 2018. Thus, the procedure consists of collecting the data and analyze these data statistically in order to find the general trend of the water production and consuming in Iraq. Five provinces were selected to evaluate their status in terms of drinking waters production. The key associated findings with respect to the drinking waters is that there is no province within the selected provinces has increased the design capacity to be compatible with the increasing in their populations. In addition, Kirkuk has a significant reduction in the actual production of drinking waters while the drinking water production in Missan is higher that the planned production. Moreover, the losses in drinking waters were reduced in Kirkuk comparing to other provinces unless that due to the decline in the actual production. The other findings with respect to the ground waters is that although there is an increasing in the number of constructed wells and that mean to the increase to the water demand, however, low rate of production in some areas within the selected study areas. Finally, the ground waters quality is classified between slightly saline to moderately saline. More monitoring and evaluation studies needs to be undertaken to the other provinces in order to diagnose and overcome the problems.
Environmentally sustainable disposal of expired albendazole medication and its role in the protection of mild steel
Authors: Yousif Qahtan.A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIt is well known that improper disposal of unused medications will pollute the environment. In addition, scientists are also looking for a corrosion inhibitor that is safe for the climate. As a result of these factors, unutilized medicinal compounds may be used as corrosion inhibitors. In a 1 M HCl solution, the effectiveness of the expired medication for treating a variety of parasitic worm infestations as an albendazole drug was assessed. Albendazole’s inhibitory efficacy increases as its concentration increases, reaching 11%. Furthermore, potentiodynamic polarization curves show that both albendazoles are mixed-type inhibitors, with anodic corrosion being the most prevalent. The findings of scanning electron microscopy surface analysis results of treated coupons match those of Tafel and OCP.
Inhibitory action of a new derivative of amino acids in aerated acidic media
Authors: Fadel Zainb , Yousif Qahtan.A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe present work was effective in combining equimolar 4aminoacetophene with leucine amino acid in the synthesis of a new corrosion inhibitor (S2).1H N.M.R.,13C N.M.R., C.H.N., and FTIR techniques proved its structure. At 298.15 K, 0.5 M hydrochloric acid solution was measured to affect the S2 inhibitor on the CS (X56) electrode. S2 has been verified as a suitable inhibitor and as a mixed interference to control both anodic and the cathodic response to delayed corrosion by blocking the active sites in the surface electrode by the results of electrochemical measurements as open circuit potential and Tafel scan. These observations were accompanied by FE-SEM images and mapping spectrums that showed a transparent surface protective layer.
Groundwater Hydrochemistry Assessment of North Dhi-Qar Province, South of Iraq Using Multivariate Statistical Techniques
Authors: Ewaid Salam Hussein , Mhajej Kareem Ghafel , Abed Salwan Ali , Al-Ansari Nadhir 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Multivariate statistical techniques including correlation, principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis (CA) were applied in this study to assess the groundwater hydrochemistry of the North Dhi-Qar Province, South of Iraq. The water samples were taken from 16 water wells in the period from January to October 2020 and ten water variables were analyzed, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+, K+, Cl−, SO4
−2, and HCO3
−. The results obtained from Spearman’s correlation showed that the positive and negative correlation of P < 0.05 between water variables is different at two-tailed grades. Results from the PCA have shown that approximately 85% of the overall variance has been clarified by the three PCs achieved. The main causes of variation in the hydro-chemical properties of water samples of the wells can therefore be determined. PC 1 represents about 36.75% of the variance and holds a high loading for EC, HCO3
−, Cl−, K+, and EC. PC2, which explains 35% of the total variance, has high loadings for EC, Na+, TDS, Ca+2, and SO4
−2. PC 3 shows high loadings for pH, which accounts for 13.235% of the variation in the water hydrochemistry. The hierarchical cluster analysis (CA) grouped the 16 sampling wells into three clusters of similar water quality characteristics. In the analysis of space changes in water quality, this research demonstrates the use of multivariate statistical methods for the interpretation of complex data sets. This will thus improve future studies preparation.
Using ArcGIS Software and Remote Sensing Technology to Predict Land Surface Temperature (LST) for Monitoring Ecological and Climate Change in Hor Al-Dalmaj, Southern Iraq
Authors: Salwan Ali Abed , Ahmed Abaas Awad , Salim Mudhafar A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
As a consequence of higher human growth, urbanization, and persistent threats to the environment, there is an urgent need to monitor some ecological disruption and climate change in Hor Al-Al-Dalmaj, which serves as a rest stop for thousands of migratory birds. Research scientific period August 2020 to March 2021, ecological research was conducted to collect data on Al-Al-Dalmaj land from satellite Landsat-8, the temperature for the watershed limit is 42.97°C, the low-reed mudflat is 49.81°C, semi-arid ground is 55.89°C, with a dry land of 62.62°C from August 30-2020.
The Influence of Al-Betool Hospital Effluent on Diyala River
Authors: Omran Hassan A. , Al-Jleel Omar Abdul , Abdul Hussein Humam A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This research was conducted to study the effect of Al-Betool hospital effluent on Diyala river and find the suitable methods to reduce its effect on river Samples from river water before and after the effluent of the hospital and from hospital it self were collected from January to December 2018 with rate of three samples monthly. Hydrogen ion concentration (PH), EC, PO4, NO3, TDS, TSS, and DO was determined. Results of this study indicated the possibility of establishing treatment plant to the waste water discharged from hospital in order to the conservation of river waters from pollution.
Investigation of Nanostructured NiO and Au Doped NiO Thin Films by SPT
Authors: Mohammed Khalid G , Agool Ibrahim R , Abdulameer Firas S , Dawood Mohammed O , Abdulmunem Oday M , Habubi Nadir F , Chiad Sami S 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNanostructured Nickel oxide (NiO) and NiO doped with 2% and 4% Au were prepared via spray pyrolysis technique (SPT). Structure, surface morphology, and optical properties were evaluated via XRD, AFM and UV-VIS spectrometer. Results indicate that all thin films polycrystalline and the peaks at 37.28° and 43.29° corresponding to (111), (200). The AFM image shows average diameter 73.5nm and average roughness 0.76 nm. Optical measurements show the band gap decrease with increase doping of Au thin films (2.88, 2.75 and 2.39) eV.
Structure and Optical Properties of Cdse:Ga Thin Films Prepared by Thermal Evaporation Method
Authors: Mohammed Hamza M. , Abd Al Hussan Shahlaa M. , Agool Ibrahim R. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Cadmium Selenide (CdSe and CdSe:Ga) alloy has been prepared successfully in an evacuated quartz tube at a pressure (10−2 Torr). The structure of the CdSe alloy (powder) was tested by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and found as a polycrystalline (hexagonal) structure. CdSe and CdSe: Thin films have been deposited with a thermal evaporation process on the glass and Si substrates. The aim of this kind of study was to determine the ultrastructural morphology and optical properties of pure CdSe and Ga doped films produced using a method of thermal evaporation. The effect of Gallium on the structural and optical properties of CdSe thin film were doped at 0, 1, 3 and 5%. For all Ga doping ratios, the structural features such as the size of the grain and the micro strain of the thin film have been clarified with XRD technique and XRD pattern. The chosen orientation (002) for all prepared film has been polycrystal structures (hexagonals). With an increase in Ga from 37,54 to 21,37 nm, the grain volume decreases. AFM and SEM were used to study the morphology and surface roughness of the CdSe pure and doping films. All films were homogeneous with a characteristic spherical grain size depending on Ga concentration. The roughness of the films increases with the increase of Ga dopant. UV-Visible spectra photometer is used to investigate the visible properties such as absorption, absorption coefficient and energy gaps in thin films. The absorption value subsequently increased with Al doping concentration of localized states in the band gap of the films increases with the increasing of Al dopant, where optical energy gap values decreased with increasing the proportion of the doping in the range between 1.74 and 1.62. The grain size for pure and Ga- doped CdSe of thin films were decreased with Ga ratios. The absorption coefficient determined depends on photon energy incident (hv), the energy gap of the semiconductor as well as the form of transitions. In conclusions, CdSe and CdSe:Ga were successfully prepared from pure elements Cd, Se and Ga. XRD patterns showed the CdSe and CdSe:Ga films are polycrystalline of hexagonal structure directions by Ga doping that orientated a peak became less intensity from undoped CdSe film. The XRD patterns and AFM measurements of Ga-doped and undoped CdSe thin films agree with each other of the grain size within nanocrystal range and decrease as Ga doping concentration increases. AFM images indicate that the increasing in Ga doping that showed smooth surface films compared to the CdSe films. The optical bands gaps of the films have a direct band transition and slightly decreased with the increasing Ga doping.
Lifetime of Violet 1 Dye Doping the Polymer Nanostructured Optical Fibers and Thin Films for Biomedical applications
Authors: Sulaiman Luay Hamid 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study, the homemade electrospinning system was used to produces the [PMMA] polymer nanofibers doped with Violet 1 dye and also prepared polymer films. The fluorescence spectra showed the intensity of emission increase with concentration, the lifetime measured by using single-photon counting technique showed the lifetime increased with concentration increased until the concentration reach (0.5 *10−3)[M] then it drops exponentially to reaches to (2 nsec). Also, lifetime measured in low temperature. This study showed in low concentration, the self-absorption dominated, whereas at high concentration the internal quenching dominated.