bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory cytokine profile of VEGF and IL-6 from the endometrium of women with and without endometriosis
Authors: Ashish Ashish , Kusum Kusum , Rai Sangeeta , Zahra Kulsoom , Mishra Surendra Pratap , Rai Gunjan , Chaube Radha , Singh Royana 
Published: February 2021

Background: Endometriosis affects an estimated 176 million women worldwide, which constitutes 10% of the total female population causing debilitating symptoms of pelvic pain and infertility, which limits the quality of reproductive life of affected women. The present study aimed to assess the serum level of VEGF and pro-inflammatory marker IL-6 in cases and normal healthy control groups.Methods: VEGF and IL-6 serum levels were measured by competitive sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from 34 subjects with surgically confirmed endometriosis, 16 subjects with adenomyosis and 18 similar age matched healthy controls with no clinical evidence of the disease or detectable endometriotic lesions at the time of surgical examination. Patients were characterized in terms of their socio-demographic and clinically diagnosed characteristics, including the validated infertility and chronic disease registries.Results: The mean serum level of VEGF was significantly (p<0.0001) higher in case of endometriosis (3887 ng/l) followed by adenomyosis (2588 ng/l) group and lower in case of normal healthy control (665 ng/l) group. The mean serum IL-6 was found to be highly significant (p<0.0001) in case of endometriosis (90.49 pg/ml) followed by adenomyosis (70.37 pg/ml) group and lower in case of normal healthy control (22.97 pg/ml) group.Conclusions: VEGF and IL-6 seems to play a crucial role in the implantation and development of endometriotic lesions, and the disease is associated with significant modulations in the serum levels of VEGF. IL-6 can be a reliable non-invasive diagnostic marker for endometriosis.
Self-medication with antibiotics among youths from Myanmar
Authors: Win Pyae Sone , Win Thida , Soe Pa Pa 
Published: February 2021

Background: Self-medication with antibiotics becomes a public health concern in both developed and developing countries. It is a risk factor for antibiotic resistance, one of the biggest threats to global health, food security, and development today. The prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics varies across the countries, and such studies are still limited in Myanmar. Therefore, we aimed at describing the prevalence of and the factors facilitating self-medication with antibiotics in Myanmar.Methods: This cross-sectional study included face-to-face interviewing of 360 youths randomly selected from 6 townships of Mandalay city, Myanmar.Results: In this study, 36.67% of the youths self-medicated with antibiotics in the six months before the survey. The most common antibiotic used for self-medication was amoxicillin (70.94%). Runny nose (35.61%), cough (26.52%), and fever (25.76%) were the most typical symptoms for which antibiotics were taken. The main factor facilitating self-medication with antibiotics was easy accessibility (86.36%). One-third of youths selected antibiotics based on the advice of drugstore’s sellers. Most of the youths bought antibiotics at nearby drugstores. About two-thirds of youths stopped taking antibiotics after taking them one or two days, regardless of the outcome.Conclusions: The prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics was high among Myanmar youths. Law enforcement and regulations for inappropriate use of antibiotics is an urgent need to alleviate the consequences of self-medication with antibiotics. Awareness-raising and educational program targeting both drugstore owners and the public through various channels is necessary to reduce the inappropriate use of antibiotics.
Demographic profile of subjects currently undergoing middle meatus antrostomy for maxillary sinusitis, in a tertiary care centre of Punjab: analysis of 64 subjects
Authors: Munjal Manish , Gupta Ritu , Chaudhary Anurag , Satija Mahesh , Munjal Shubham , Gupta Akriti , Sawhney Mehneet 
Published: February 2021

Background: The demographic profile of patients with Maxillary sinusitis undergoing surgical intervention in the state of Punjab was analyzed. The emphasis was on the age, gender and clinical presentation in this prospective study. Methods: In this prospective study 64 patients with maxillary sinusitis, were randomly selected from the Rhinology clinics of Oto-rhino-laryngology services, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana in a period of one and a half years (June 2008 to December 2009). All patients were taken up for Functional endoscopic sinus surgery with middle meatus antrostomy.Results: Only 7 (10.94%) patients, with maxillary sinusitis were in the pediatric age group. 40(62.5%) were males and 24 (37.5%) females. Males outnumbered females in the ratio of 1.67:1. Clinical findings were nasal polyp in 33 (51.56%), middle meatus discharge in 10 (15.63%) and septal deviation was seen in 36 (56.25%) patients. Polypoidal mass was seen in the posterior choana in 24 (37.5%) patients followed by discharge inferior to the Eustachian tube orifice in 7 (10.94%). Recurrence of polypoidal change or frank polyposis occurred in 7 patients (10.94%). Post nasal drip persisted in 15/49 cases, while 54 (84.38%) were completely relieved of their symptoms. Recurrence was noticed more commonly in the region of ethmoid air cells.Conclusions: Patients with maxillary sinusitis were seen in the broad age range from 11 to 66 years with a male predominance. Nasal blockage rather than cheek ache was the primary complaint followed by polyp in the middle meatus and post nasal drip inferior to the Eustachian tube.
Knowledge and self-care practices of diabetic patients in an urban community
Authors: Gupta Dipali , Agrawal Nipun , Agrawal Suresh C. , Singh Atul K. , Gupta Shyam B. 
Published: February 2021

Background: The term "diabetes mellitus" describes a metabolic disorder of multiple aetiology characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. The GOI’s NPCDCS has a focus on awareness generation for behaviour and life-style changes, screening and early diagnosis of persons with high level of risk factors and their referral to appropriate treatment facilities. Earlier studies have reported that knowledge of patients about diabetes care leads to better glycemic control.Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted over a period of 3 months among diabetic patients coming to private OPD in Bareilly city. Patients with any other serious morbidity were excluded from the study.Results: Mean age was 61.8±13.4 years. Mostly subjects did not know the type of diabetes they had (42, 75.0%) amongst those who knew, majority had type-2 diabetes (9, 16.1%). Majority had no known history of diabetes in the family (31, 55.4%). Most of the study subjects had diabetes diagnosed for five years or less (26, 46.4%). Most common co-morbidity was hypertension (33, 58.9%) followed by obesity (29, 51.8%). Majority of subjects (23, 41.1%) followed some dietary advice and a little less than half performed exercise daily. Approximately two-third of the subjects (38, 67.9%) did not have blood sugar testing in the previous week and most subjects (31, 55.4%) did not care for their feet. Majority (39, 69.6%) took regular medicine.Conclusions: It is evident that better education is related to good self-care. Masses need to be made aware regarding self-care emphasizing on foot care and regular blood sugar testing.
Comprehensive assessment of elderly population in North India during era of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
Authors: Kumar Ananya , Agrawal Amisha , Langer Sabina 
Published: February 2021

Background: Elderly form a vulnerable population, during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic they are especially at risk due to immuno-senescence and increased number of comorbidities. The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional, physical and mental status of elderly living in urban areas of north India during the lockdown period.Methods: A questionnaire was made in Google forms based on R-MAPP and MNA Score. The assessment was carried out using telecommunication and self-assessment Google forms.Results: Amongst the elderly people, 91% suffered from comorbidities (e.g. hypertension and diabetes) with 37% having >2 comorbidities. The 8% of elderly were underweight, 45% were normal and 47% were overweight as per BMI. Out of total, 5% elderly were malnourished, 26% were at risk of mal nutritional and 69% had normal nutritional status. 38% of elderly observed a change in eating pattern during lockdown which included eating healthier food for many and increased snacking in some. The water intake was below 1.5 litres in 29%, 1.75-2.5 litres in 47% and >2.5 litres in 24% of the study population. Twenty percent suffered from high levels of anxiety and stress during this lock down period. Five percent of these had very high levels of stress or anxiety. Some were in the extreme range. Twenty six percent complained of loneliness.Conclusions: The elderly population needs to be actively monitored for physical and mental wellbeing during lockdown periods by applying algorithms that effectively use telemedicine as a tool for regular check-ups.
Community transmission of a virus: a global pandemic overview
Authors: N. Ravindra B. , Das Lipika , C. Darshan J. , Ghosh Sayantan , Kurian Berlin P. , Paul Prolay , Reddy Meghana A. , B. P. Satish Kumar 
Published: February 2021

The word ‘pandemic’ was originally a derivative from two Greek words “pan” referring “all” and “demos” “people”. “An epidemic arising over a very diverse area, crossing the global margins, and typically affecting a huge number of people” is defined as a pandemic. Therefore pandemics are recognized by their topographical scale instead of severity of ailments. Even though the term “pandemic” has not been clearly defined, wide geographic extension, disease movement, novelty, severity, high attack rates and explosiveness, minimal population immunity, infectiousness and contagiousness can be considered as some of the key features of this term. Till today, globe has encountered several notable pandemics caused by virus such as Spanish flu, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), smallpox, SARS, Ebola and Nipah disease whose causative organisms are H1N1, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Variola virus, DEN-1/DEN2/DEN3/DEN4, coronavirus, Ebola virus (Zaire/Sudan/Tai/Cote D’ivoire), and Nipah virus (NiV) respectively. This review includes detailed data regarding various viral pandemics. Analyzing the history, clinical manifestation, pathogenesis, management and precautions of several viral pandemics which will promote and spread the awareness among the public as well as the healthcare system.
Teorías en estudios de hombres transgénero: una revisión de la literatura
Authors: Alcalá-Mercado María Bernarda 
Published: February 2021

Propósito/ Contexto. Este artículo busca categorizar las teorías descritas en los estudios empíricos sobre los hombres transgénero, con el propósito de contribuir a los avances epistemológicos y metodológicos en bioética, mediante abordajes transdisciplinares.
Metodología/Enfoque. Se hace una revisión cualitativa de la literatura, de tipo narrativo, con objetivo y pregunta de investigación, búsqueda bibliográfica, recuperación de estudios, sistematización, selección, construcción de base de datos, análisis primario, evaluación y análisis por temas. La revisión abarca los estudios empíricos sobre los hombres transgénero que se encontraron en artículos publicados en revistas en PubMed, APA, DOAJ y SciELO, desde enero de 2010 a mayo de 2019, en español e inglés, y sin límite de diseño. Los artículos incluidos se clasificaron por tema emergente y por teoría, de acuerdo con el autor de la publicación.
Resultados. De 79 artículos, 46 tuvieron un enfoque cuantitativo, 25 cualitativo y 8 mixto. Las temáticas emergentes se refieren a la discriminación, la diversidad, la educación, la identidad, el mercadeo, la salud, lo social y la violencia. Hay ausencia de fundamentos teóricos en 83.5 % de las publicaciones, en el 15.2 % lo teórico se describe indirectamente y apenas en un 3.85 % las teorías se hacen explícitas, en particular en lo que se refiere a lo queer, al reconocimiento y a la identidad sexual y de género.
Discusión/Conclusión/Contribuciones. La producción empírica sobre los hombres transgénero carece de soporte teórico explícito, excepto en 3 artículos. Esto señala la necesidad de trabajar en desarrollos propios, desde la bioética, que impacten en la toma de decisiones individuales y colectivas.
Artefacts as “Co-Participants” in Duoethnography
Authors: Huang Patrick , Karas Michael 
Published: March 2021

Duoethnography is an emerging methodology in English language teaching (ELT)/applied linguistics where two or more participants critically examine a shared phenomenon or experience as a way to challenge assumptions and develop new understandings of critical events (Lowe & Lawrence, 2020). It is a flexible tool with an emphasis on interaction, both between people, and people and various physical or digital artefacts (e.g., documents, academic literature). In this paper, we outline our duoethnography on our experience with the Certificate for English Language Teaching to Adults (CELTA) with a focus on how academic literature and social media pervaded our inquiry. We highlight how academic articles and social media were used as artefacts in our study and how their role as “co-participants” enhanced our investigation.
La duoethnographie est une méthodologie émergeante dans l’enseignement de l’anglais (ELT)/en linguistique appliquée dans laquelle deux participants ou plus examinent de façon critique un phénomène ou une expérience partagée comme manière de remettre en question les hypothèses et de créer de nouvelles voies pour comprendre des évènements critiques (Lowe & Lawrence, 2020). Il s’agit d’un outil souple qui met l’emphase sur l’interaction, à la fois entre les personnes, ainsi qu’entre les personnes et divers artefacts physiques ou numériques (par exemple, des documents, des écrits universitaires). Dans cet article, nous exposons notre duoethnographie dans notre expérience du Certificat pour l’enseignement de l’anglais aux adultes (CELTA), en portant une attention particulière à la façon dont les écrits universitaires et les médias sociaux ont imprégné notre enquête. Nous soulignons la manière dont les articles universitaires et les médias sociaux ont été utilisés comme artefacts dans notre étude et de quelle façon leur rôle de « coparticipants » a mis notre enquête en valeur.
The role of Jordanian school principals in achieving the fourth goal of the sustainable development goals
Authors: Abu shaqra Rawan kheder Yousef 
Published: February 2021

This study aimed to detect the role of Jordanian school principals in achieving the fourth goal of the sustainable development goals. The study population comprised of all the (3865) basic school male and female principals in the first semester of the academic year 2020/2021. The randomly selected sample consisted of (378) principals. The researcher adopted a descriptive survey approach and built a questionnaire consisting of (36) items based on the UN indicators of the fourth goal of sustainable development goals. The study came out with several main results, some of which were the role of Jordanian school principals in achieving the fourth goal of the sustainable development goals came at a moderate degree and that there are statistically significant differences at the level of statistical significance (α = 0.05) between the respondents’ estimates. It also indicates that there are statistically significant differences at the level of statistical significance (α = 0.05) between the averages of the respondents’ estimates of the overall score of the role of Jordanian school principals in achieving the fourth goal of the sustainable development goals attributed to the difference in the gender variable ( males). Considering the results, the study recommended holding periodic courses to promote principals’ awareness of the requirements of employing the fourth concept of sustainable development and to ensure its further activation in Jordanian schools.

Keywords: Fourth goal, sustainable development, Principals
Some Common Fixed Points Theorems of Four Weakly Compatible Mappings in Metric Spaces
Authors: Ajeel Yusra Jarallah , Kadhim Samira Naji 
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we proved coincidence points theorems for two pairs mappings which are defined on nonempty subset in metric spaces by using condition (1.1). As application, we established a unique common fixed points theorems for these mappings by using the concept weakly compatible (R-weakly commuting) between these mappings.
Investigating the Development of Inhibitory Control in Early Childhood using the Tablet-based TapTap Task
Authors: Bruchhage Muriel Marisa Katharina , D'Sa Viren , Rogers John , Schneider Nora , Deoni Sean C L 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The development of inhibitory control is an early construct of executive function (EF) and a key milestone of neurocognitive maturation. However, while its functional connectivity (fc) patterns have been well-defined in adults, its developmental trajectory in early childhood remains poorly understood. Using tablet-based EF tasks, we assessed inhibitory control in typically developing children between 2 to 6 years of age. Overall successful inhibition and improvement during competitive and non-competitive inhibition displayed converging patterns of fc. With increasing inhibitory control and task difficulty, additional frontal and parietal fc was recruited, and long-range connections established. Insights into early development and refinement of inhibitory control could provide essential information for the support in normal development as well as for the diagnosis and treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders with EF and inhibition difficulties, such as autism spectrum disorder.
The COVID-19 pandemic and first-year medical students’ academic motivation
Authors: Bolatov Aidos K. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the relationships between academic motivation and the psychological well-being of 1st-year medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The total number of respondents in the cross-sectional study was 273. Intrinsic motivation was positively correlated with fear of COVID-19 and negatively correlated with psychological collapse and negative changes in quality of life due to the COVID-19. Extrinsic motivation positively associated with fear of COVID-19. Amotivation positively correlated with psychological collapse and negative changes in quality of life. In conclusion, COVID-19-related changes in quality of life and psychological destruction were predictors of academic motivation among 1st-year medical students.
Co-existing of craniofacial fibrous dysplasia and cerebrovascular diseases: A Series of 22 Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: SONG XIAOWEN , LI ZHI 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Craniofacial fibrous dysplasia is a fairly rare condition. Some literature have reported a few patients with craniofacial fibrous dysplasia suffering from vascular abnormalities. This study aimed to describe the possible coexistence of craniofacial fibrous dysplasia and cerebrovascular diseases for the first time.Method: We retrospectively reviewed the 1175 patients with craniofacial fibrous dysplasia in Beijing Tiantan Hospital and the information of the 22 patients found to be coexisted with cerebrovascular diseases were described. In addition, we performed a systematic review for cases of craniofacial fibrous dysplasia with vascular abnormalities.Result: 22 out of 1175 patients (1.9%) were identified to be diagnosed with craniofacial fibrous dysplasia and cerebrovascular diseases including 9 intracranial aneurysms, 4 venous malformations, 2 arteriovenous malformations, 1 moyamoya disease, 2 intracranial venous stenosis and 4 cerebral ischemia with a mean age of 38.18 years old. Only 2 patients were managed surgically for craniofacial fibrous dysplasia and 6 patients were treated with neurosurgery for cerebrovascular diseases. 8 patients were closely followed and only 1 patient’s symptoms worsened.Conclusion: Craniofacial fibrous dysplasia might cause constriction of the intracranial vessels and alteration of the overall hemodynamics of the intracranial vasculature resulting in various cerebrovascular diseases. Multimodal screening and examinations seems reasonable for patients with craniofacial fibrous dysplasia for throughout treatment and prognosis evaluations
Quercetin Ameliorates Fatty Acid Oxidation in the Pathogenesis of NAFLD Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking
Authors: Zhu Wenyu , Dai Yufan , Lin Jingjing , Chen Yanhong , Rao Xiangshu , Wang Jiajun , Zhou Jiaxuan , Shen Tao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The high-fat diet (HFD) has dramatically increased the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), such that it is the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. With novel knowledge on pathogenesis of NAFLD, we illustrated molecular targets for pharmacologic and experimental approaches. Our study showed that quercetin was the valuable drug candidate, and the core targets such as PPARα, MCAD, LCAD, CPT1-L, CPT2 and FATP2 which participate in fatty acid oxidation were selected to perform further in vivo experiments based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. The effect was investigated in a high-fat diet-induced NAFLD male Sprague Dawley rat model by hepatic biochemical assays. Serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and γ-glutamyl transferase analyses assessed liver function. Liver tissues were collected for histological staining, quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting. Greatly, quercetin reduced hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation, ameliorated pathological liver changes, and up-regulated the expression levels of hepatic effectors in fatty acid oxidation. The results suggest the potential of quercetin as a nutritional supplement to HFD-induced NAFLD. Furthermore, the antagonist and agonist of PPARα provided a reliable scientific basis that these above-mentioned effectors were activated by quercetin via the PPAR pathway.