bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three dimensional orientation of small polyatomic molecules excited by two-color femtosecond pulses
Authors: Xu Long , Tutunnikov Ilia , Prior Yehiam , Averbukh Ilya Sh. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We study the excitation of asymmetric-top (including chiral) molecules by two-color femtosecond laser pulses. In the cases of non-chiral asymmetric-top molecules excited by an orthogonally polarized two-color pulse, we demonstrate, classically and quantum mechanically, three-dimensional orientation. For chiral molecules, we show that the orientation induced by a cross-polarized two-color pulse is enantioselective along the laser propagation direction, namely, the two enantiomers are oriented in opposite directions. The classical and quantum simulations are in excellent agreement on the short time scale, whereas on the longer time scale, the enantioselective orientation exhibits quantum beats. These observations are qualitatively explained by analyzing the interaction potential between the two-color pulse and molecular (hyper-)polarizability. The prospects for using the enantioselective orientation for enantiomers’ separation is discussed.
Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of Pd/Co2 MnSi/NiFe2O4/Pd multilayers on F-mica substrates
Authors: Bai Qingwang , Guo Bin , Yin Qin , Wang Shuyun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Pd/Co2MnSi (CMS)/NiFe2O4 (NFO)/Pd multilayers were fabricated on F-mica substrate by magnetron sputtering. The best PMA performance of the multilayer structure Pd(3 nm)/CMS(5 nm)/NFO(0.8 nm)/Pd(3 nm) was obtained by adjusting the thickness of the CMS and NFO layers. F-mica substrate has a flatter surface than glass and Si/SiO2 substrate. The magnetic anisotropy energy density (K
eff) of the sample deposited on F-mica substrates is 0.6711 Merg/cm3 (1 erg=10−7 J), which is about 30% higher than that of the multilayer films deposited on glass (0.475 Merg/cm3) and Si/SiO2 (0.511 Merg/cm3) substrates, and the R
Hall and H
C are also significantly increased. In this study, the NFO layer prepared by sputtering in the high purity Ar environment was exposed to the high purity O2 atmosphere for 5 min, which can effectively eliminate the oxygen loss and oxygen vacancy in NFO, ensuring enough Co–O orbital hybridization at the interface of CMS/NFO, and thus effectively improve the sample PMA.
Skillful decadal prediction of unforced southern European summer temperature variations
Authors: Borchert L F , Koul V , Menary M B , Befort D J , Swingedouw D , Sgubin G , Mignot J 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We assess the capability of decadal prediction simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) archive to predict European summer temperature during the period 1970–2014. Using a multi-model ensemble average, we show that Southern European (SEU) summer temperatures are highly predictable for up to ten years in CMIP6. Much of this predictive skill, is related to the externally forced response: historical simulations explain about 90% of observed SEU summer temperature variance. Prediction skill for the unforced signal of SEU summer temperature is low: initialized model simulations explain less than 10% of observed variance after removing the externally forced response. An observed link between unforced SEU summer temperature and preceding spring Eastern North Atlantic—Mediterranean sea surface temperature (SST) motivates the application of a dynamical-statistical model to overcome the low summer temperature skill over Europe. This dynamical-statistical model uses dynamical spring SST predictions to predict European summer temperature, and significantly increases decadal prediction skill of unforced European summer temperature variations, showing significant prediction skill for unforced Southern European summer temperature 2–9 years ahead. As a result, dynamical-statistical models can benefit the decadal prediction of variables with initially limited skill beyond the forcing, such as summer temperature over Europe.
Thermal analysis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes doped glass fiber reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Chaudhary S K , Singh K K 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Thermal characterization is one of the important aspects for evaluating the heat flux and decomposition kinetics of different materials, alloys and composites at different temperature. In this work Multi-scale nano-composites (MWCNTs/glass fiber/epoxy) were prepared by hand lay-up process followed by vacuum bagging method. Thermal properties of MWCNTs doped glass fiber reinforced polymer composites were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). It has been found that in the presence of MWCNTs it is very difficult to break the polymeric chains and that leads to reduction in cross linking density and glass transition temperature of MWCNTs doped glass fiber reinforced polymer composites as compared to pristine one.
Hierarchical biomaterials via photopatterning-enhanced direct ink writing
Authors: Guzzi Elia A , Bischof Raffaele , Dranseikiene Dalia , Deshmukh Dhananjay V , Wahlsten Adam , Bovone Giovanni , Bernhard Stéphane , Tibbitt Mark W 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Recent advances in additive manufacturing (AM) technologies provide tools to fabricate biological structures with complex three-dimensional (3D) organization. Deposition-based approaches have been exploited to manufacture multimaterial constructs. Stimulus-triggered approaches have been used to fabricate scaffolds with high resolution. Both features are useful to produce biomaterials that mimic the hierarchical organization of human tissues. Recently, multitechnology biofabrication approaches have been introduced that integrate benefits from different AM techniques to enable more complex materials design. However, few methods allow for tunable properties at both micro- and macro-scale in materials that are conducive for cell growth. To improve the organization of biofabricated constructs, we integrated direct ink writing (DIW) with digital light processing (DLP) to form multimaterial constructs with improved spatial control over final scaffold mechanics. Polymer–nanoparticle hydrogels were combined with methacryloyl gelatin (GelMA) to engineer dual inks that were compatible with both DIW and DLP. The shear-thinning and self-healing properties of the dual inks enabled extrusion-based 3D printing. The inclusion of GelMA provided a handle for spatiotemporal control of cross-linking with DLP. Exploiting this technique, complex multimaterial constructs were printed with defined mechanical reinforcement. In addition, the multitechnology approach was used to print live cells for biofabrication applications. Overall, the combination of DIW and DLP is a simple and efficient strategy to fabricate hierarchical biomaterials with user-defined control over material properties at both micro- and macro-scale.
Preparation and corrosion resistance of superhydrophobic film by one-step electrodeposition
Authors: Zhao Wanyou , Li Jun , Jin Yang , Chen Ming 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Superhydrophobic film with cauliflower-like structure was prepared on copper sheet by one-step electrodeposition method. The surface morphology and chemical composition of the superhydrophobic film were characterized by SEM, FTIR, XPS and contact angle measurements. Due to the cauliflower-like hierarchical structure and low surface energy, the as-prepared surface can reach up to a maximum contact angle of 158.3°, and the rolling angle is not more than 7°. Polarization curve was investigated using electrochemical workstation, and the as-prepared superhydrophobic surface showed improved corrosion resistance compared with bare copper.
Blasphemy and religion
Authors: Sherwood Yvonne 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
‘Blasphemy and religion’ evaluates the concept of blasphemy in religion, looking at the common theme emerging across the world religions. In Islam, ‘blasphemy’ is about protecting the community from fitnah (civil unrest). In Hinduism and Buddhism, it is about preventing adharma (non-dharma or anti-dharma). In the Bible, blasphemy is a crime of lèse-majesté, concerned with protecting the dignity of socially revered gods and men. In each case, blasphemy is social, political, and religious, and prohibiting blasphemy is about protecting community cohesion. The relationship between blasphemy and religious violence and the concept of inner-religious blasphemy is an interesting point of discussion here.
Evidence for climate change
Authors: Maslin Mark 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
‘Evidence for climate change’ presents the scientific evidence that anthropogenic climate change is already happening and considers changes in global temperature, precipitation, sea level, and extreme weather events (heatwaves, droughts, floods, storms, and wildfires). The latest IPCC report states that it is virtually certain that anthropogenic climate change has caused increases in the frequency and severity of hot extremes and decreases in cold extremes on most continents. Climate change is also the main cause of the intensification of heavy precipitation observed over continental regions, often resulting in flooding. Moreover, human climate change has played a role in shaping the global distribution and intensity of tropical cyclones/typhoons and hurricanes. What do the climate change deniers say and why they are wrong?
Solutions
Authors: Maslin Mark 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
‘Solutions’ outlines the three types of solutions to climate change. The first is adaptation, which is providing protection for the population from the impacts of climate change. Both physical and social adaptations are required to protect people’s lives and livelihoods. The second solution is mitigation, which in its simplest terms is reducing our carbon footprint and thus reversing the trend of ever-increasing GHG emissions. This type of solution includes switching to renewable energy and electric vehicles, fossil-fuel subsidy reforms, smart power grids, sustainable agriculture, reforestation and rewilding. The third solution is geoengineering, which involves large-scale extraction of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere or modification of the global climate.
indelPost: harmonizing ambiguities in simple and complex indel alignments
Authors: Hagiwara Kohei , Edmonson Michael N , Wheeler David A , Zhang Jinghui 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Summary
Small insertions and deletions (indels) in nucleotide sequence may be represented differently between mapping algorithms and variant callers, or in the flanking sequence context. Representational ambiguity is especially profound for complex indels, complicating comparisons between multiple mappings and call sets. Complex indels may additionally suffer from incomplete allele representation, potentially leading to critical misannotation of variant effect. We present indelPost, a Python library that harmonizes these ambiguities for simple and complex indels via realignment and read-based phasing. We demonstrate that indelPost enables accurate analysis of ambiguous data and can derive the correct complex indel alleles from the simple indel predictions provided by standard small variant detectors, with improved performance over a specialized tool for complex indel analysis.

Availability and implementation
indelPost is freely available at: https://github.com/stjude/indelPost.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Diversity Revealed by Rapid Whole-Genome Sequence Typing
Authors: Moustafa Ahmed M , Planet Paul J 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Discrete classification of SARS-CoV-2 viral genotypes can identify emerging strains and detect geographic spread, viral diversity, and transmission events. We developed a tool (GNU-based Virus IDentification [GNUVID]) that integrates whole-genome multilocus sequence typing and a supervised machine learning random forest-based classifier. We used GNUVID to assign sequence type (ST) profiles to all high-quality genomes available from GISAID. STs were clustered into clonal complexes (CCs) and then used to train a machine learning classifier. We used this tool to detect potential introduction and exportation events and to estimate effective viral diversity across locations and over time in 16 US states. GNUVID is a highly scalable tool for viral genotype classification (https://github.com/ahmedmagds/GNUVID) that can quickly classify hundreds of thousands of genomes in a way that is consistent with phylogeny. Our genotyping ST/CC analysis uncovered dynamic local changes in ST/CC prevalence and diversity with multiple replacement events in different states, an average of 20.6 putative introductions and 7.5 exportations for each state over the time period analyzed. We introduce the use of effective diversity metrics (Hill numbers) that can be used to estimate the impact of interventions (e.g., travel restrictions, vaccine uptake, mask mandates) on the variation in circulating viruses. Our classification tool uncovered multiple introduction and exportation events, as well as waves of expansion and replacement of SARS-CoV-2 genotypes in different states. GNUVID classification lends itself to measures of ecological diversity, and, with systematic genomic sampling, it could be used to track circulating viral diversity and identify emerging clones and hotspots.
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Major Depressive Disorder in Older Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Valiengo Leandro , Maia Ana , Cotovio Gonçalo , Gordon Pedro C , Brunoni André R , Forlenza Orestes V , Oliveira-Maia Albino J 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Major depressive disorder (MDD) in older adults is a serious public health concern. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a nonpharmacological intervention approved for MDD treatment in adults, but its value in older adults remains unknown. This study aims to systematically review and meta-analyze evidence of rTMS efficacy in MDD treatment among older adults.

Methods
We systematically reviewed the literature for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and open-label studies assessing rTMS for the treatment of MDD in patients older than 50 years, published until June 2020. Random-effects meta-analyses using standardized mean differences (SMDs) were conducted to assess change in depression severity score (primary outcome), while odds ratios (ORs) were used to assess secondary categorical outcomes (response and remission). Additionally, univariate meta-regression analyses were performed to identify potential predictors of change in depression severity scores.

Results
Fourteen RCTs were included in meta-analyses and 26 studies (10 RCTs and 16 open-label studies) in meta-regression. Active rTMS was significantly superior to sham treatment for reduction of severity (SMD = 0.36; 95% CI = 0.13–0.60), as well as response (OR = 3.26; 95% CI = 2.11–5.04) and remission (OR = 4.63; 95% CI = 2.24–9.55). Studies were of moderate to high quality, with funnel plots and Egger’s regression test not suggestive of publication bias. In meta-regressions, higher mean age and number of sessions were significantly associated with greater improvement.

Conclusions
Our results support that rTMS is an effective, safe, and well-tolerated treatment for MDD in older adults and that it should be considered in the treatment of this vulnerable population.
Host-mediated effects on the reproductive phenological asynchrony of a generalist mistletoe in China
Authors: Li Manru , Chen Jin , Zhang Ling 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHost-mediated effects on hemiparasitic mistletoes were hypothesized to contribute to mistletoes reproductive phenological asynchrony, thus providing a longer period of food supply to its mutualistic pollinators and dispersers. However, studies with empirical data interrogating this hypothesis are lacking. Weekly monitoring of flowering and fruiting patterns on a generalist mistletoe Dendrophthoe pentandra (Loranthaceae) was conducted for two consecutive years in tropical Xishuangbanna, Southwest China. We examined whether flowering and fruiting patterns were seasonal, quantified the degree of stagger within D. pentandra populations and determined the factors influencing the first flowering date (FFD) of D. pentandra. Furthermore, the effect of change in the number of host species on reproductive phenological asynchrony of mistletoe was examined. We found that (i) both flowering and fruiting exhibited unimodal peaks in the two consecutive years of the study; (ii) the FFD was significantly influenced by crown area of mistletoe and light, such that clump with larger crown and more light exposure had an earlier FFD and longer flowering and fruiting durations; (iii) different host species had a significant impact on the phenology of mistletoes. However, contrary to our hypothesis, the number of host species did not significantly change the asynchrony of reproductive phenology of mistletoe. Therefore, these results suggest that alternative hypotheses are needed to interpret the ecological significance of the number of host species and phenological asynchrony of generalist mistletoes.
Distinguishing Features of Adolescents With Undiagnosed Infectious Tuberculosis Attending a Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Al Dubisi Fatimah , Harvey Gregory , Ostrow Olivia , Lam Ray , Science Michelle , Kitai Ian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
More than 10 days of fever or 13 days of cough differentiated adolescent patients presenting to a pediatric emergency department with infectious tuberculosis (TB) from most patients with pneumonia. Upper lobe involvement was significantly more common in patients with TB. Symptom- and radiograph-based algorithms could minimize TB exposure and aid diagnosis.
Managing an adult CF population in the COVID-19 pandemic—1 year on
Authors: Nazareth D , Sumner C , Daniels J , Mathews J , Hyde G , Walshaw M 
Published: August 2021

Summary

Background
The advent of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 required an alteration in the routine care of people with CF (pwCF), deemed to be extremely vulnerable.

Aim
We wished to report the alterations in clinical practice, including the introduction of remote video-assisted clinics, made to manage the adult pwCF attending our large centre.

Methods
We studied clinical records over a period of 2 years (March 2019 to February 2021) by comparing 19th March to 20th February (Y1) with 20th March to 21st February (Y2).

Results
We have shown out of hospital Multi Disciplinary Team (MDT) support increased and a greater proportion of IV therapy was administered at home. The VAC model of care increased clinical activity while reducing clinic non-attendance rates, suggesting more individuals engage with their carers.

Conclusions
This new model of care has allowed greater engagement with pwCF.
Importance of Trauma-Informed Practice in Evaluation of Children Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Langenfeld Adam , Kroupina Maria , Palmer Alyssa , Gustafson Kimara , Augustyn Marilyn 
Published: August 2021

CASE:
As part of a multidisciplinary adoption support clinic, Erin, a 5-year-old girl, adopted approximately 6 months before the clinic visit, presents for postadoption evaluation. Erin was born at full term. Her birth history was significant for reported maternal treatment for liver failure during pregnancy. Her previous medical history included hospitalization for a viral illness at age 2 months, recurrent ear infections, and a fractured forearm. Family history was significant for a maternal history of bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety, borderline personality disorder, and concern for substance abuse; a paternal history of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and depression; and full biological brother with a history of ADHD and oppositional defiant disorder. Erin and her brother lived with their parents until she was approximately 3 years old. At that time, there were concerns for poor hygiene, inconsistent medical care, poor school attendance for her brother, financial instability, and significant neglect. Erin was reportedly confined to her crib for hours at a time. She and her older brother were removed from the home because of concerns for significant neglect and placed into foster care. Approximately 3 months after foster placement, Erin underwent testing because of concerns for abnormal behaviors and possible developmental delays. Symptoms included poor sleep, repetitive behaviors such as head banging, delayed speech that primarily involved grunting, and lack of toilet training. She was hyperactive and aggressive and had poor caregiver attachment. On evaluation, she was small for age, poorly groomed, and easily distracted with poor eye contact and did not tolerate interactions with examiners. Neuropsychological testing consisted of symptom checklists and caregiver interview only because she did not tolerate diagnostic testing. She was diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and global developmental delay with intellectual and language impairments. Over the following year, Erin was transitioned to a second foster family and was subsequently adopted. She received speech, occupational, and physical therapy, along with trauma-informed therapy. She made significant gains in multiple domains and was able to graduate from trauma-informed therapy after 1 year. On examination, Erin greets you with appropriate eye contact and reports that she is feeling “good.” She is verbal and interactive with her brother and parents. She looks to parents for support when asked to participate in the physical examination. She does not display any significant repetitive behaviors. Erin's parents are concerned that her initial diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder and global developmental delay do not accurately reflect her current level of functioning and are afraid she may have been misdiagnosed. How would you proceed with next steps to address these diagnoses?