bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-decade spatial patterns in surface mass balance of the Nivlisen Ice Shelf, central Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica
Authors: Pratap Bhanu , Dey Rahul , Matsuoka Kenichi , Moholdt Geir , Lindbäck Katrin , Goel Vikram , Laluraj C. M. , Thamban Meloth 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe coastal Droning Maud Land in East Antarctica is characterized by small ice shelves with numbers of promontories and locally grounded isles, both called ice rises. These ice rises are typically dome-shaped and surface elevations are hundreds of meters above the surrounding ice shelves, which cause strong orographic effects on surface mass balance (SMB). We conducted shallow ice-penetrating radar sounding to visualize firn stratigraphy in the top 35 m over ~400 km of profiles across the Nivlisen Ice Shelf, and in a grid pattern over two adjacent ice rises (Djupranen and Leningradkollen). We tracked six reflectors (isochrones) and dated them using two ice cores taken at the ice rise summits, from which SMB over six periods in the past three decades was retrieved. The overall SMB pattern across the ice shelf remained similar for all periods; however, the eastwest contrast in SMB varies by a factor of 1.5–2 between the Leningradkollen and Djupranen grounding lines. The SMB patterns over the ice rises are more varied owing to complex interactions between topography, snowfall and wind. We use our results to evaluate the regional climate model RACMO2.3p2 in terms of the spatial SMB distribution and temporal changes over the ice shelf and ice rises at regional scale.
APPLICATION OF 14C METHOD TO CHRONOLOGY OF THE CROATIAN DINARIC KARST—A CASE OF THE PLITVICE LAKES
Authors: Krajcar Bronić Ines , Barešić Jadranka , Sironić Andreja 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTKarst environments preserve some of the best archives of past climate, vegetation, hydrology, anthropogenic impact, and landscape evolution providing that a reliable chronology can be established. Here we present an example of the system of the Plitvice Lakes (Dinaric karst, Croatia), which is characterized by intensive tufa and lake sediment formations. The radiocarbon dating method, combined with some other dating methods and various geochemical and isotope analyses, showed that the Plitvice Lakes system in the present form has existed for about 8000 years. Older tufa deposits were dated to warm interglacial periods. A long-term comprehensive multi-proxy study showed that all environmental compartments (atmosphere, various water bodies, soil, bedrock, DIC, terrestrial and aquatic biota, and of course various secondary carbonates) must be included in order to obtain trustworthy results.
Drug-coated balloon angioplasty for coronary stenotic lesions in a paediatric patient after Kawasaki disease
Authors: Xu Xinyi , Jin Shuxuan , Liu Tingliang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPercutaneous coronary intervention for stenosis of coronary artery after Kawasaki disease presents various challenges. The diameters of reference vessels and femoral artery in children are smaller, and the morphological changes are different from adults. Herein, we describe our successful experience with a severe coronary artery stenosis at the proximal portion of left anterior descending treated with drug-coated balloon dilation.
Decline of increased risk donor offers increases waitlist mortality in paediatric heart transplantation
Authors: Ezekian Jordan E. , Mulvihill Michael S. , Ezekian Brian , Cox Morgan L. , Kirmani Sonya , Hill Kevin D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground:Increased risk donors in paediatric heart transplantation have characteristics that may increase the risk of infectious disease transmission despite negative serologic testing. However, the risk of disease transmission is low, and refusing an IRD offer may increase waitlist mortality. We sought to determine the risks of declining an initial IRD organ offer.Methods and results:We performed a retrospective analysis of candidates waitlisted for isolated PHT using 20072017 United Network of Organ Sharing datasets. Match runs identified candidates receiving IRD offers. Competing risks analysis was used to determine mortality risk for those that declined an initial IRD offer with stratified Cox regression to estimate the survival benefit associated with accepting initial IRD offers. Overall, 238/1067 (22.3%) initial IRD offers were accepted. Candidates accepting an IRD offer were younger (7.2 versus 9.8 years, p < 0.001), more often female (50 versus 41%, p = 0.021), more often listed status 1A (75.6 versus 61.9%, p < 0.001), and less likely to require mechanical bridge to PHT (16% versus 23%, p = 0.036). At 1- and 5-year follow-up, cumulative mortality was significantly lower for candidates who accepted compared to those that declined (6% versus 13% 1-year mortality and 15% versus 25% 5-year mortality, p = 0.0033). Decline of an IRD offer was associated with an adjusted hazard ratio for mortality of 1.87 (95% CI 1.24, 2.81, p < 0.003).Conclusions:IRD organ acceptance is associated with a substantial survival benefit. Increasing acceptance of IRD organs may provide a targetable opportunity to decrease waitlist mortality in PHT.
Annotating argumentative structure in English-as-a-Foreign-Language learner essays
Authors: Putra Jan Wira Gotama , Teufel Simone , Tokunaga Takenobu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractArgument mining (AM) aims to explain how individual argumentative discourse units (e.g. sentences or clauses) relate to each other and what roles they play in the overall argumentation. The automatic recognition of argumentative structure is attractive as it benefits various downstream tasks, such as text assessment, text generation, text improvement, and summarization. Existing studies focused on analyzing well-written texts provided by proficient authors. However, most English speakers in the world are non-native, and their texts are often poorly structured, particularly if they are still in the learning phase. Yet, there is no specific prior study on argumentative structure in non-native texts. In this article, we present the first corpus containing argumentative structure annotation for English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) essays, together with a specially designed annotation scheme. The annotated corpus resulting from this work is called “ICNALE-AS” and contains 434 essays written by EFL learners from various Asian countries. The corpus presented here is particularly useful for the education domain. On the basis of the analysis of argumentation-related problems in EFL essays, educators can formulate ways to improve them so that they more closely resemble native-level productions. Our argument annotation scheme is demonstrably stable, achieving good inter-annotator agreement and near-perfect intra-annotator agreement. We also propose a set of novel document-level agreement metrics that are able to quantify structural agreement from various argumentation aspects, thus providing a more holistic analysis of the quality of the argumentative structure annotation. The metrics are evaluated in a crowd-sourced meta-evaluation experiment, achieving moderate to good correlation with human judgments.
The Four Faces of Authoritarian Populism and Their Consequences on Journalistic Freedom: A Lesson Learnt From Indonesia's 2019 Presidential Election
Authors: Ahmad Nyarwi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article explores authoritarian populist mobilisation and media strategies that political elites who ran in the election advanced and their consequences on journalistic freedom in an emerging democracy. It focuses on Indonesia's democracy and examines the following questions: what types of authoritarian populist mobilisation and media strategies did Joko Widodo and Prabowo Subijanto adopt when contesting Indonesia's 2019 presidential election? To what degree did these adaptations impact the journalistic freedom of those who worked for Indonesian mainstream media, particularly Indonesian private TV news channels? In-depth interviews with four senior journalists associated with Indonesian TV news channels (Kompas TV, CNN Indonesia, TV One, and INews TV) and two senior journalists working for mainstream media owned by influential Indonesian oligarchs used qualitative and thematic content analyses to reveal the following findings. Jokowi and Prabowo adopted secular nationalist and Islamic authoritarian populist mobilisation during the election. However, Prabowo developed Islamic authoritarian populist mobilisation far more than Jokowi. Jokowi advanced an oligarchic authoritarian populist media strategy, while Prabowo established an intensive Islamic anti-oligarchic authoritarian populist media strategy. As authoritarian populist mobilisation and media strategies evolved during their campaigns, the journalistic freedom of those associated with Indonesian mainstream media declined substantially. This article introduces four faces of authoritarian populism — secular nationalist and Islamic authoritarian populist mobilisation and oligarchic and anti-oligarchic authoritarian populist media strategies — as new concepts enriching political elites’ authoritarian populism literature.
Identification of Potential Methane Source Regions in Europe Using δ13CCH4 Measurements and Trajectory Modeling
Authors: Varga T. , Fisher R. E. , France J. L. , Haszpra L. , Jull A. J. T. , Lowry D. , Major I. , Molnár M. , Nisbet E. G. , László E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe methane emissions from the Hungarian Pannonian Basin are not well qualified, due to a lack of measurements of CH4 mole fraction and δ13CCH4 in the air. This study reports methane measurements in air samples from Hungary, placing them in the context of regional and global background data, to investigate the inputs to the methane burden in Central Europe. CH4 mole fraction and δ13CCH4 from the Hungarian tall tower station, Hegyhátsál, and additional data from Mace Head (Ireland) and Zeppelin (Svalbard) are used with back trajectory modeling to identify central European source areas and their seasonal variation between the summer vegetation and winter heating periods. Methane measurements in air masses sampled in the European interior, have significantly higher maxima and seasonal amplitudes than at the Mace Head and Zeppelin European background sites. The mean CH4 mole fraction value is about 80 ppb higher than the comparable marine background, and values above 2,000 ppb were frequently observed between February 2013 and December 2015. The mean δ13CCH4 value −47.5 ± 0.3‰ (2σ) was comparable to values at all three monitoring sites, but specific pollution events were detected at Hegyhátsál. Concentration weighted trajectory modeling, meteorological parameters, stable carbon isotopic composition (δ13CCH4), and Miller‐Tans analysis show that the main factors influencing CH4 at the Hegyhátsál, apart from diurnal and seasonal changes in the planetary boundary layer, are emissions from residential heating and industrial CH4 emissions during the winter.
Magnetic Reconnection Within the Boundary Layer of a Magnetic Cloud in the Solar Wind
Authors: Vörös Zoltán , Varsani Ali , Yordanova Emiliya , Sasunov Yury L. , Roberts Owen W. , Kis Árpád , Nakamura Rumi , Narita Yasuhito 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe twisted local magnetic field at the front or rear regions of the magnetic clouds (MCs) associated with interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) is often nearly opposite to the direction of the ambient interplanetary magnetic field. There is also observational evidence for magnetic reconnection (MR) outflows occurring within the boundary layers of MCs. In this study, a MR event located at the western flank of the MC occurring on October 3, 2000 is studied in detail. Both the large‐scale geometry of the helical MC and the MR outflow structure are scrutinized in a detailed multipoint study. The ICME sheath is of hybrid propagation‐expansion type. Here, the freshly reconnected open field lines are expected to slip slowly over the MC resulting in plasma mixing at the same time. As for MR, the current sheet geometry and the vertical motion of the outflow channel between ACE‐Geotail‐WIND spacecraft were carefully studied and tested. The main findings on MR include (a) first‐time observation of non‐Petschek‐type slow‐shock‐like discontinuities in the inflow regions; (b) observation of turbulent Hall magnetic field associated with a Lorentz‐force‐deflected electron jet; (c) acceleration of protons by reconnection electric field and their back‐scatter from the slow‐shock‐like discontinuity; (d) observation of relativistic electron near the MC inflow boundary/separatrix; these electron populations can presumably appear as a result of nonadiabatic acceleration, gradient B drift, and via acceleration in the electrostatic potential well associated with the Hall current system; and (e) observation of Doppler‐shifted ion‐acoustic and Langmuir waves in the MC inflow region.
Shallow Slow Earthquake Episodes Near the Trench Axis off Costa Rica
Authors: Baba Satoru , Obara Kazushige , Takemura Shunsuke , Takeo Akiko , Abers Geoffrey A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSlow earthquakes are mainly distributed in regions surrounding seismogenic zones along the plate boundaries of subduction zones. In the Central American subduction zone, large regular interplate earthquakes with magnitudes of 7–8 occur repeatedly around the Nicoya Peninsula, in Costa Rica, and a tsunami earthquake occurred off Nicaragua, just north of Costa Rica, in 1992. To clarify the spatial distribution of various slip behaviors at the plate boundary, we detected and located very low frequency earthquakes (VLFEs) around the Nicoya Peninsula using a grid‐search matched‐filter technique with synthetic templates based on a regional three‐dimensional model. VLFEs were active in September 2004 and August 2005, mainly near the trench axis, updip of the seismogenic zone. The distribution of VLFEs overlapped with large slip areas of slow slip events. Low frequency tremor signals were also found in high‐frequency seismogram envelopes within the same time windows as detected VLFEs; thus, we also investigated the energy rates of tremors accompanied by VLFEs. The range of scaled energy, which is the ratio of the seismic energy rate of a tremor to the seismic moment rate of accompanying VLFE and related to the rupture process of seismic phenomena, was 10−9–10−8. The along‐dip separation of shallow slow and large earthquakes and the range of the scaled energy off Costa Rica are similar to those in shallow slow earthquakes in Nankai, which shares a similar thermal structure along the shallow plate boundary.
A Data Set for Intercomparing the Transient Behavior of Dynamical Model‐Based Subseasonal to Decadal Climate Predictions
Authors: Saurral Ramiro I. , Merryfield William J. , Tolstykh Mikhail A. , Lee Woo‐Sung , Doblas‐Reyes Francisco J. , García‐Serrano Javier , Massonnet François , Meehl Gerald A. , Teng Haiyan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractClimate predictions using coupled models in different time scales, from intraseasonal to decadal, are usually affected by initial shocks, drifts, and biases, which reduce the prediction skill. These arise from inconsistencies between different components of the coupled models and from the tendency of the model state to evolve from the prescribed initial conditions toward its own climatology over the course of the prediction. Aiming to provide tools and further insight into the mechanisms responsible for initial shocks, drifts, and biases, this paper presents a novel data set developed within the Long Range Forecast Transient Intercomparison Project, LRFTIP. This data set has been constructed by averaging hindcasts over available prediction years and ensemble members to form a hindcast climatology, that is a function of spatial variables and lead time, and thus results in a useful tool for characterizing and assessing the evolution of errors as well as the physical mechanisms responsible for them. A discussion on such errors at the different time scales is provided along with plausible ways forward in the field of climate predictions.
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation activity in China 2019: a report from the Chinese Blood and Marrow Transplantation Registry Group
Authors: Xu Lan-Ping , Lu Pei-Hua , Wu De-Pei , Sun Zi-Min , Liu Qi-Fa , Han Ming-Zhe , Zhang Xi , Song Yong-Ping , Song Xian-Min , Hu Jian-da , Huang He , Lai Yong-Rong , Wan Ding-Ming , Chen Jing , Li Chun-Fu , Xia Ling-Hui , Wang Jing-Bo , Liu Dai-Hong , Huang Xiao-Jun ,   on behalf of the Chinese Blood and Marrow Transplantation Registry Group
Published: August 2021

AbstractBetween 2008 and 2019, 58,914 hematopoietic stem cell transplantations (HSCTs) were reported to the Chinese Blood and Marrow Transplantation Registry Group (CBMTRG) throughout China. In this report, we focus on 2019 data and describe current trends in HSCT in China. There was continued growth in transplant activity in China, with a rapid increase in haploidentical HSCT. In 2019, a total of 12,323 cases of HSCT were reported from 149 transplant teams, 78% (9597 cases) were allogeneic HSCTs. Haploidentical donor (HID) HSCT accounted for 60% (5771 cases) of allogeneic HSCT. The most common indications for allogeneic HSCT for malignant disease were acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (37%) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (24%), and the largest proportion of non-malignant diseases comprised aplastic anemia (AA) (13%). Multiple stem cell source composed 70% of HID and 28% of MSD, which was typical in China. The BuCy based regimen (59%) was the most popular conditioning regimen for allogeneic HSCT, followed by the BuFlu based regimen (23%) and TBI-based regimen (12%). This survey clearly shows comprehensive information about the current state and recent trends for HSCT in China. Further efforts should be made to obtain detailed information.
Peer review blinding practices of highly ranked dental journals: analysis and discussion
Authors: Faggion Jr Clovis Mariano 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectives To evaluate the type of peer review blinding used in highly ranked dental journals and to discuss the influence of the blinding approaches on the peer review process.Methods All 91 dental journals classified by impact factor (IF) had their websites scrutinised for the type of peer review blinding used for submissions. If the information was not reported, the journals were contacted to obtain the information. Linear and logistic regression were applied to evaluate the association between type of peer review blinding and IF.Results The selected journals reported the following peer review blinding approaches: single-blind (N = 36, 39.6%), double-blind (N = 46, 50.5%), transparent (N = 2, 2.2%) and open (N = 1, 1.1%). Information from six (6.6%) journals was not available. A linear regression analysis demonstrated that journals with lower IFs were associated with double-blind review (p = 0.001). A logistic regression suggested lower odds of association between single-blind peer review and journals with IFs below a threshold of 2 (odds ratio 0.157, confidence interval 0.059 to 0.417, p <0.001).Conclusions The majority of highly ranked dental journals had single- and double-blind peer review; journals with higher IFs presented single-blind peer review and those with lower IFs reported double-blind peer review.
Genome of a middle Holocene hunter-gatherer from Wallacea
Authors: Carlhoff Selina , Duli Akin , Nägele Kathrin , Nur Muhammad , Skov Laurits , Sumantri Iwan , Oktaviana Adhi Agus , Hakim Budianto , Burhan Basran , Syahdar Fardi Ali , McGahan David P. , Bulbeck David , Perston Yinika L. , Newman Kim , Saiful Andi Muhammad , Ririmasse Marlon , Chia Stephen , Hasanuddin  , Pulubuhu Dwia Aries Tina , Suryatman  , Supriadi  , Jeong Choongwon , Peter Benjamin M. , Prüfer Kay , Powell Adam , Krause Johannes , Posth Cosimo , Brumm Adam 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMuch remains unknown about the population history of early modern humans in southeast Asia, where the archaeological record is sparse and the tropical climate is inimical to the preservation of ancient human DNA1. So far, only two low-coverage pre-Neolithic human genomes have been sequenced from this region. Both are from mainland Hòabìnhian hunter-gatherer sites: Pha Faen in Laos, dated to 7939–7751 calibrated years before present (yr cal bp; present taken as ad 1950), and Gua Cha in Malaysia (4.4–4.2 kyr cal bp)1. Here we report, to our knowledge, the first ancient human genome from Wallacea, the oceanic island zone between the Sunda Shelf (comprising mainland southeast Asia and the continental islands of western Indonesia) and Pleistocene Sahul (Australia–New Guinea). We extracted DNA from the petrous bone of a young female hunter-gatherer buried 7.3–7.2 kyr cal bp at the limestone cave of Leang Panninge2 in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Genetic analyses show that this pre-Neolithic forager, who is associated with the ‘Toalean’ technocomplex3,4, shares most genetic drift and morphological similarities with present-day Papuan and Indigenous Australian groups, yet represents a previously unknown divergent human lineage that branched off around the time of the split between these populations approximately 37,000 years ago5. We also describe Denisovan and deep Asian-related ancestries in the Leang Panninge genome, and infer their large-scale displacement from the region today.
Local ferroelectric polarization switching driven by nanoscale distortions in thermoelectric $${\text {Sn}}_{0.7}{\text {Ge}}_{0.3}{\text {Te}}$$
Authors: Vasdev Aastha , Dutta Moinak , Mishra Shivam , Kaur Veerpal , Kaur Harleen , Biswas Kanishka , Sheet Goutam 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA remarkable decrease in the lattice thermal conductivity and enhancement of thermoelectric figure of merit were recently observed in rock-salt cubic SnTe, when doped with germanium (Ge). Primarily, based on theoretical analysis, the decrease in lattice thermal conductivity was attributed to local ferroelectric fluctuations induced softening of the optical phonons which may strongly scatter the heat carrying acoustic phonons. Although the previous structural analysis indicated that the local ferroelectric transition temperature would be near room temperature in $${\text {Sn}}_{0.7}{\text {Ge}}_{0.3}{\text {Te}}$$

Sn

0.7

Ge

0.3

Te

, a direct evidence of local ferroelectricity remained elusive. Here we report a direct evidence of local nanoscale ferroelectric domains and their switching in $${\text {Sn}}_{0.7}{\text {Ge}}_{0.3}{\text {Te}}$$

Sn

0.7

Ge

0.3

Te

using piezoeresponse force microscopy(PFM) and switching spectroscopy over a range of temperatures near the room temperature. From temperature dependent (250–300 K) synchrotron X-ray pair distribution function (PDF) analysis, we show the presence of local off-centering distortion of Ge along the rhombohedral direction in global cubic $${\text {Sn}}_{0.7}{\text {Ge}}_{0.3}{\text {Te}}$$

Sn

0.7

Ge

0.3

Te

. The length scale of the $${\text {Ge}}^{2+}$$

Ge

2
+

off-centering is 0.25–0.10 Å near the room temperatures (250–300 K). This local emphatic behaviour of cation is the cause for the observed local ferroelectric instability, thereby low lattice thermal conductivity in $${\text {Sn}}_{0.7}{\text {Ge}}_{0.3}{\text {Te}}$$

Sn

0.7

Ge

0.3

Te

.