bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deceased Donor Liver Transplantation After Radioembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Portal Vein Tumoral Thrombosis: A Pilot Study
Authors: Serenari Matteo , Cappelli Alberta , Cucchetti Alessandro , Mosconi Cristina , Strigari Lidia , Monari Fabio , Ravaioli Matteo , Rizzini Elisa Lodi , Fanti Stefano , Golfieri Rita , Cescon Matteo 
Published: August 2021

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein tumoral thrombosis (PVTT) represents a major concern especially in the field of deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT). However, when receiving transarterial radioembolization (TARE), a considerable percentage of such patients are able to achieve a radiologic complete response with adequate survival rates. In this pilot prospective study, we evaluated the effect of TARE in downstaging HCC patients with PVTT to meet criteria for DDLT. Between May 2013 and November 2016, patients were evaluated to be enrolled into our “Superdownstaging” protocol. Patients received yttrium‐90 TARE and were enlisted for DDLT in case of complete and sustained (6 months) radiological response. Patients with tumor thrombus in the main trunk and/or in the contralateral portal vein branch were excluded. TARE was effective in downstaging and receiving DDLT in 5/17 patients (29.4%). The 5‐year overall survival was significantly higher in patients who underwent DDLT compared with those who were not transplanted (60.0% versus 0.0%, P = 0.03). Three out of 5 patients developed recurrence within 1 year after LT. The current series showed a clear survival gain in those patients who were able to receive DDLT after TARE but careful selection for DDLT is however advised.
Persistent Water Repellency of Syndiotactic Polymethylene with Perfluoroethyl Hexyloxycarbonyl Side Chains
Authors: Yoshitake Ayano , Kudo Hiroyuki , Matsumoto Hidetoshi , Tokita Masatoshi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPolyacrylates bearing long fluoroalkyl (Rf) side chains are known to have ultralow surface energies that are appropriate for functional coating and fabric finishing. However, these long Rf chains cause health concerns because of the risk of toxic and bioaccumulative perfluoroalcanoic acid emission via oxidative degradation. This work demonstrates that incorporating a short Rf chain of perfluoroethylene at the end of the side chains of syndiotactic poly(substituted methylene) (PM) produces hydrophobicity. A contact angle of 105° of PM remains constant for more than 50 s, whereas that of the polyacrylate (PA) with the same side chain rapidly decreases from 85° to 44° over the same period. Such persistent water repellency of the PM is ascribed to a liquid crystal structure comprised the main chains arranged in a 2D hexagonal lattice and side chains that extend perpendicularly from these main chains.
Artemisinin inspired synthetic endoperoxide drug candidates: Design, synthesis, and mechanism of action studies
Authors: Woodley Christopher M. , Amado Patrícia S. M. , Cristiano Maria L. S. , O'Neill Paul M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractArtemisinin combination therapies (ACTs) have been used as the first‐line treatments against Plasmodium falciparum malaria for decades. Recent advances in chemical proteomics have shed light on the complex mechanism of action of semi‐synthetic artemisinin (ARTs), particularly their promiscuous alkylation of parasite proteins via previous heme‐mediated bioactivation of the endoperoxide bond. Alarmingly, the rise of resistance to ART in South East Asia and the synthetic limitations of the ART scaffold have pushed the course for the necessity of fully synthetic endoperoxide‐based antimalarials. Several classes of synthetic endoperoxide antimalarials have been described in literature utilizing various endoperoxide warheads including 1,2‐dioxanes, 1,2,4‐trioxanes, 1,2,4‐trioxolanes, and 1,2,4,5‐tetraoxanes. Two of these classes, the 1,2,4‐trioxolanes (arterolane and artefenomel) and the 1,2,4,5‐tetraoxanes (N205 and E209) based antimalarials, have been explored extensively and are still in active development. In contrast, the most recent publication pertaining to the development of the 1,2‐dioxane, Arteflene, and 1,2,4‐trioxanes fenozan‐50F, DU1301, and PA1103/SAR116242 was published in 2008. This review summarizes the synthesis, biological and clinical evaluation, and mechanistic studies of the most developed synthetic endoperoxide antimalarials, providing an update on those classes still in active development.
Gel Point Properties in Batch Free‐Radical Vinyl/Divinyl Copolymerization
Authors: Tobita Hidetaka 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGelation is a critical phenomenon, and various simple relationships are expected to hold. On the other hand, it is important to clarify the required conditions for the validity of the relationships. In this theoretical study, the effects of the primary chain connection statistics and the primary chain length distribution change during batch free‐radical vinyl/divinyl copolymerization on the gel point properties are investigated systematically. The weight fraction distribution at the gel point always conforms to the power‐law distribution,W(P)∝P−αwith α = 1.5, as long as the classical chemical kinetics is valid in a closed reaction system. When the primary chain connection statistics is independent of chain length, the cross‐linking density, ρg, of the gel molecule right at the gel point is given by , where is the weight‐average chain length of all primary chains. The random cross‐linking is a special case that belongs to this category. The distribution of the pendant double bonds among polymer molecules having different molecular weights is nonrandom, except for the special cases with equal reactivity of all types of double bonds for which the random cross‐linking applies.
Metformin for pediatric obesity and insulin resistance: a retrospective study within an integrated health care system
Authors: Concepcion Josephine Q. , Tucker Lue‐Yen , Huang Karen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveFew treatments exist for pediatric obesity. Metformin holds potential for pediatric weight loss. This large retrospective study examined the effect of metformin on weight, BMI, BMI z score, and cardiometabolic outcomes.MethodsThe study included 7,068 patients aged 10 to 17 years with BMI at or above the 95th percentile and evidence of insulin resistance. The final cohort of 955 patients with BMI data at 0 to 24 months was categorized into three groups: metformin plus intensive lifestyle changes, intensive counseling alone, and routine counseling. In order to adjust for pubertal BMI changes, a subgroup analysis was conducted for adolescents aged 15 to 17 years.ResultsAt 6 and 12 months, metformin treatment produced significant reductions in weight (−3.5 kg and −5.3 kg, p < 0.0001), BMI (−1.06 kg/m² and −1.23 kg/m², p < 0.0001), and BMI z score (−0.05 and −0.07, p ≤ 0.002), which continued to decrease at 24 months (−0.05 and −0.08, p = 0.11 and 0.01), compared with control groups. Adolescents aged 15 to 17 years showed similar improvements. Systolic blood pressure and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol also improved in the metformin group.ConclusionsMetformin with lifestyle interventions significantly reduced weight, BMI, and BMI z score in pediatric patients with obesity and insulin resistance up to 24 months, compared with intensive and routine counseling alone.
High thermal conductivity of self‐healing polydimethylsiloxane elastomer composites by the orientation of boron nitride nano sheets
Authors: Shang Zhihui , Ding Dongliang , Wang Xu , Liu Bingru , Chen Yanhui , Gong Lei , Liu Zhenguo , Zhang Qiuyu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUp to now, low thermally conductive properties and irreversible damage caused by the accidental mechanical failure are still the main negative factors for the wide application of polymer thermal management materials in the microelectronic industry. In this work, we prepared self‐healing polydimethylsiloxane/boron nitride nano sheets (PDMS/BNNSs) composites with high thermal conductivity. PDMS elastomer with the dynamic reversible imine bond acts as the polymer matrix and BNNSs with NH2 in regularly in‐plane arrangement are used as the thermally conductive filler. When the BNNSs filler content is 30 wt%, the thermal conductivity is increased by 588%; The self‐healing efficiency reaches more than 85%, driven by the reversibility of the dynamic imine bond within PDMS; In addition, the tensile strength and the thermal stability exhibit an enhancement of 275% and 31.8°C, respectively, compared to the pure self‐healing PDMS elastomer.
Cripto favors chondrocyte hypertrophy via TGF‐β SMAD1/5 signaling during development of osteoarthritis
Authors: Garcia de Vinuesa Amaya , Sanchez‐Duffhues Gonzalo , Blaney‐Davidson Esmeralda , van Caam Arjan , Lodder Kirsten , Ramos Yolande , Kloppenburg Margreet , Meulenbelt Ingrid , van der Kraan Peter , Goumans Marie‐José , ten Dijke Peter 
Published: August 2021

AbstractChondrocytes in mice developing osteoarthritis (OA) exhibit an aberrant response to the secreted cytokine transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β, consisting in a potentiation of intracellular signaling downstream of the transmembrane type I receptor kinase activin receptor‐like kinase (ALK)1 against canonical TGF‐β receptor ALK5‐mediated signaling. Unfortunately, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In order to identify novel druggable targets for OA, we aimed to investigate novel molecules regulating the ALK1/ALK5 balance in OA chondrocytes. We performed gene expression analysis of TGF‐β signaling modulators in joints from three different mouse models of OA and found an upregulated expression of the TGF‐β co‐receptor Cripto (Tdgf1), which was validated in murine and human cartilage OA samples at the protein level. In vitro and ex vivo, elevated expression of Cripto favors the hypertrophic differentiation of chondrocytes, eventually contributing to tissue calcification. Furthermore, we found that Cripto participates in a TGF‐β–ALK1–Cripto receptor complex in the plasma membrane, thereby inducing catabolic SMAD1/5 signaling in chondrocytes. In conclusion, we demonstrate that Cripto is expressed in OA and plays a functional role promoting chondrocyte hypertrophy, thereby becoming a novel potential therapeutic target in OA, for which there is no efficient cure or validated biomarker. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Broaching goals‐of‐care conversations in advancing pediatric cancer
Authors: Kaye Erica C. , Woods Cameka , Velrajan Srilakshmi , Lemmon Monica E. , Baker Justin N. , Mack Jennifer W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBroaching conversations about goals of care can be difficult for clinicians. Presently, the communication strategies used by pediatric oncologists to approach goals of care conversations are not well understood. We recorded disease re‐evaluation conversations between pediatric oncologists, patients, and parents, capturing 141 conversations (∼2400 minutes) for 17 patients with advancing illness across the study period. We conducted content analysis to identify strategies for broaching goals‐of‐care conversations and found five distinct communication approaches, which were not mutually exclusive. Further research is needed to explore patient and family views on best practices for broaching discussions about goals of care.
HLA class II immunopeptidomics reveals that co‐inherited HLA‐allotypes within an extended haplotype can improve proteome coverage for immunosurveillance
Authors: Ramarathinam Sri H. , Ho Bosco K. , Dudek Nadine L. , Purcell Anthony W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHuman leucocyte antigen (HLA) class II molecules in humans are encoded by three different loci, HLA‐DR, ‐DQ, and ‐DP. These molecules share approximately 70% sequence similarity and all present peptide ligands to circulating T cells. While the peptide repertoires of numerous HLA‐DR, ‐DQ, and ‐DP allotypes have been examined, there have been few reports on the combined repertoire of these co‐inherited molecules expressed in a single cell as an extended HLA haplotype. Here we describe the endogenous peptide repertoire of a human B lymphoblastoid cell line (C1R) expressing the class II haplotype HLA‐DR12/DQ7/DP4. We have identified 71350 unique naturally processed peptides presented collectively by HLA‐DR12, HLA‐DQ7, or HLA‐DP4. The resulting “haplodome” is complemented by the cellular proteome defined by standard LC‐MS/MS approaches. This large dataset has shed light on properties of these class II ligands especially the preference for membrane and extracellular source proteins. Our data also provides insights into the co‐evolution of these conserved haplotypes of closely linked and co‐inherited HLA molecules; which together increase sequence coverage of cellular proteins for immune surveillance with minimal overlap between each co‐inherited HLA‐class II allomorph.
A unique twisted rod‐like pattern due to π‐π stacking induced host‐guest self‐assembly
Authors: Mukherjee Madhumita , Mandal Piyali , Patra Diptendu , Pal Dwaipayan , Shunmugam Raja , Chattopadhyay Dipankar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHere, we reported a unique twisted rod‐like nano‐architecture of as‐synthesized 4‐fluorocinnmaoyl chloride derived polynorbornene (PNORCNF) on the addition of 1‐pyrenemethanol (PM) as a sensing probe. A significant change in the PNORCNF/PM microenvironment's polarity was observed with increasing PM concentration keeping the solvent (THF) unaltered. The change in polarity could be well documented with the morphological changes of the PNORCNF/PM system. We proposed π‐π interaction between PM and cinnamoyl moiety of PNORCNF for this type of well‐controlled hierarchical self‐aggregation.
Disease characterization of people with cystic fibrosis and a minimal function mutation: Data from the Italian registry
Authors: Salvatore Donatello , Carnovale Vincenzo , Majo Fabio , Padoan Rita , Quattrucci Serena , Salvatore Marco , Taruscio Domenica , Amato Annalisa , Ferrari Gianluca , Campagna Giuseppe 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundPeople with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) and a minimal function (MF) mutation are poorly characterized. The aim of this study was to evaluate the disease characteristics of adult and pediatric pwCF with a genotype including an MF mutation on the basis of 2018 data from the Italian CF Registry (ICFR).MethodsThis cross‐sectional, descriptive analysis of CF disease characteristics included all of the pwCF with at least one MF mutation or two F508del (F) mutations, and at least one 2018 entry in the ICFR. Data concerning the disease characteristics of pwCF with an F/F genotype are provided for reference.FindingsA total of 5501 pwCF had at least one entry in the 2018 ICFR, including 2867 whose genotype included an MF mutation; in particular, 1432 had an MF/F genotype and 1148 the F/F genotype. The most frequent F/MF genotypes were F/N1303K (n = 247, 8.6%) and F/G542X (n = 193, 6.7%). The MF/no‐F patients generally had a milder phenotype (a later diagnosis, lower sweat chloride levels, better nutrition, better lung function [starting from adolescence], and a lower prevalence of chronic infections and CF‐related complications) than the MF/F or F/F patients.InterpretationThe findings of this descriptive analysis highlight the disease characteristics of pwCF with an MF‐including genotype in Italy. The considered clinical outcomes of the pwCF with an F/MF genotype were not generally different from those of pwCF with an F/F genotype, but the patients with an MF/no‐F genotype generally had a milder phenotype.
An importance measure of a CNC lathe considering failure correlations
Authors: Gu Dongwei , Zhong Yuhong , Xu Zhen , Chen Bingkun , Wang Zhiqiong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFailure correlation is a physical phenomenon observed, for example, in CNC (computer numerical control) lathe applications. Reliability importance measure considering failure correlation is an effective measure to identify the importance of CNC lathe. This paper fully considers the failure correlation among the subsystems of the CNC lathe. Based on the Copula function, the joint reliability model of each subsystem of the CNC lathe is established. Three methods (D‐test, the average cumulative error, and the root mean square error) are used to compare the joint reliability models under different Copula functions. Then ascertained the Clayton Copula model can describe the failure correlation reliability of CNC lathe most accurately. The reliability dynamic importance measure can judge the difference in CNC lathe subsystem importance measure more accurately. In this paper, the reliability dynamic core importance measure is proposed to analyze the potential of the CNC lathe subsystems for improvement. It can determine that the servo subsystem is the crucial part of the CNC lathe for priority improvement.
Financing sustainable development? The role of foreign aid in Southeast Asia's energy transition
Authors: Bertheau Paul , Lindner Robert 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe rapid deployment of modern renewable energy generation capacity in the fast‐growing Southeast Asian region will be crucial to ensure that the region can meet its increasing future energy demand in a sustainable way. However, many countries will need assistance through international cooperation and foreign aid to develop their sustainable energy sources. The three East Asian donor states Japan, South Korea and China are particularly crucial because they account for a large share of aid disbursement to the region and serve as development role models for many recipient countries. All three states are signatories of the Paris Agreement and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and thus committed to the global goals of climate protection and sustainable energy development. This paper is based on an analysis of official aid databases and second‐party data to explore the details of the energy‐related aid contributions of the three key donor states to Southeast Asia during the last 15 years. The findings indicate that all three states contradicted their own international pledges by financing fossil‐fuel power generation projects in many countries in the region. Although recent policy changes in Japan and South Korea are cause for optimism, the opacity of China's energy‐related aid flows combined with its renewed support for domestic coal power generation are worrying signs for the future of energy development in Southeast Asia and beyond.
Selbsterrichtende Windenergieanlage mit Nabenhöhe von 180 m
Authors: Pak Daniel , Korte Sebastian , Kemper Frank , Friehe Mirko , Fontecha Robert , Reese Christian , Schmitz Katharina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIm FOSTA‐Forschungsprojekt P 1392 „Selbsterrichtende Onshore WEA mit Nabenhöhe größer 120 m – Hybridturm mit Hebevorrichtung zum Selbstaufbau“ wurde eine selbsterrichtende Windenergieanlage mit Stahl‐Hybridturm für Schwachwindstandorte entwickelt, welche beim Aufbau ohne den Einsatz von Spezialraupenkranen auskommt. Der Turm der Beispielanlage besteht aus einem 80 m hohen Gittermastturm mit speziellem Übergangsstück, durch welches der 100 m hohe Stahlrohrturm inkl. Gondel und Rotor mithilfe eines Litzenhubsystems in seine Endposition angehoben wird. Zur Stabilisierung des Stahlrohrturms während des Hubs kommt ein eigens entwickeltes Stabilisierungssystem zum Einsatz, welches das Turmbiegemoment über umlaufende, nachgeführte Zylinder aufnimmt. Diese sind im Übergangsstück in zwei Ebenen angeordnet und halten den Rohrturm in der Lotrechten. Entwurf und Bemessung des Stahlrohrturms, des Gittermastturms sowie des Übergangsstücks erfolgten für den Endzustand, für den Entwurf des Gittermastturms kam eine eigens entwickelte Software zum Einsatz, welche die Gittermaststruktur auf Basis probabilistischer Methoden gewichtsoptimiert. Für den Stahlrohrturm konnte gezeigt werden, dass die aus den Hydraulikzylindern einwirkenden Querlasten aufgenommen werden können. Anhand der untersuchten Beispielanlage konnte gezeigt werden, dass Errichtung und Betrieb der selbsterrichtenden Windenergieanlage ökonomisch möglich sind.
Writing Strategies as Acts of Identity
Authors: Schneider Jason 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWorking within the framework of language learner strategies, and more specifically strategies employed by L2 writers, this article presents findings from a qualitative, longitudinal study of seven international college students in the United States. On the basis of data comprising 54 interviews with the students over a period of four years, and over 100 samples of their written work, three questions are addressed: 1) What strategies did the students use to achieve writing success within their academic discourse community? 2) How did the writers’ decisions to employ specific strategies reflect academic and other goals? 3) How did the students’ uses of strategies over time reflect their evolving identities? Findings indicate that the students all used diverse strategic repertoires, and that their implementations of specific actions in specific contexts were reflective of unique goals and aspirations. By highlighting links among strategies, goals, and identities, this article proposes an understanding of advanced EAL writers as nimble, self‐aware actors whose approaches to composing indicate not only their interests in developing new competencies in English, but also their desires to construct future selves.
Cold versus hot polypectomy/endoscopic mucosal resection–A review of current evidence
Authors: Ortigão Raquel , Weigt Jochen , Afifi Ahmed , Libânio Diogo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundColonoscopy with polypectomy substantially reduces the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) but interval cancers still account for 9% of all CRCs, some of which are due to incomplete resection.AimThe aim of this review is to compare the outcomes of cold and hot endoscopic resection and provide technical tips and tricks for optimizing cold snare polypectomy.ResultsCold snare polypectomy (CSP) is the standard technique for small (≤10 mm) colorectal polyps. For large colonic polyps (>10 mm), hot resection techniques with use of electrocautery (polypectomy or endoscopic mucosal resection) were recommended until recently. However, the use of electrocoagulation brings serious adverse effects in up to 9% of the patients, such as delayed bleeding, post‐polypectomy syndrome and perforation. In recent years, efforts have been made to improve the polypectomy with cold snare in order to avoid these adverse effects of electrocoagulation without compromising the efficacy of the resection. Several authors have recently shown that the complication rates of CSP of polyps >10 mm is close to zero and recurrence rates varies between 5‐18%. Lower recurrence rates are found in serrated lesions (<8%).