bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the California list of pesticides, mycotoxins, and cannabinoids in chocolate using liquid chromatography and low‐pressure gas chromatography‐based platforms
Authors: Reyes‐Garcés Nathaly , Myers Colton 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCannabis legalization has led to the development of a variety of cannabis‐infused products with edibles being one of the most popular. The state of California has implemented comprehensive cannabis testing regulations requiring the analysis of cannabinoids (potency) and contaminants, such as pesticides and mycotoxins, in any type of cannabis good. In this work, we propose an analytical workflow for the quantification of the California list of pesticides and mycotoxins, as well as six cannabinoids, in chocolate, using 3 mL of solvent for the extraction. For the analysis of pesticides and mycotoxins, clean‐up steps employing a C18 solid‐phase extraction cartridge and dispersive solid‐phase extraction sorbents were implemented. Gas chromatography amenable pesticides were analyzed using low‐pressure gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry which allowed for a total method run of 12 min. Both liquid chromatography and gas chromatography instrumental methods had the same analysis time, ensuring satisfactory sample throughput. For the determination of cannabinoids, a dilution of the original organic extract collected for pesticides and mycotoxins analysis (and prior to any clean‐up step) was used. Excellent results in terms of analytical figures of merit were obtained for all target analytes.
Joint pricing and replenishment policies for risk‐averse retailers under duopolistic competition
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Zhang Songtao , Yue Mingshi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the coordination of pricing and inventory replenishment under retail competition. Although conventional wisdom suggests that a retailer follow conservative operating strategies when the competing retailer adopts a markdown strategy, the retailer may actually raise its price (order) if its operational costs are sufficiently high (low) and its competitor's price is relatively low. If the retailer is more risk averse, its pricing and replenishment decisions hinge highly on its risk aversion level and its competitor's current price. The increase of the wholesale price always hurts the retailers and may even hurt the manufacturer if it is exorbitant.
Metamaterial‐based, compact, wide beam‐width circularly polarized antenna for 5G indoor application
Authors: Wang Zhan , Liang Tian , Dong Yuandan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper describes a metamaterial‐based miniaturized circularly polarized (CP) antenna with high radiation efficiency and wide beam‐width or coverage for 5G indoor application. A novel meta‐resonator is first proposed, which is investigated by transmission line and equivalent circuit models. By exploring a split‐ring resonator‐like meta‐resonator structure, a high‐Q LC resonator tank is formed. Substantial size reduction and a wide beam‐width are achieved. Owing to a uniform field on these multiple capacitive gaps incorporated on this meta‐resonator surface, enhanced aperture efficiency and gain are obtained. It is partly inspired by the classical metasurface‐based antenna. For validation, a miniaturized CP antenna with a size of 0.29 λ0 × 0.29 λ0 × 0.04 λ0 (where, λ0 is the free‐space wavelength at 3.55 GHz) is fabricated and measured. The fabricated antenna achieves a good bandwidth of 3.30–3.80 GHz that well covers 5G‐N78 band, a peak radiation gain of 5.4 dBic, a high radiation efficiency of 90% and a wide half‐power beam‐width of 91°. It exhibits the merits of compact size, good bandwidth and beam‐width, high efficiency, and low‐cost, demonstrating good potential in miniaturized 5G indoor systems demanding wide‐beam coverage.
An Online Voluntary Angler Catch Reporting Program for Managing Muskellunge Fisheries in Ohio: Trends in Catch Data and Angler Participation
Authors: Page Kevin S. , Wagner Curtis P. , Lewis Edward , Hale R. Scott 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Muskellunge Esox masquinongy fisheries in Ohio are maintained through annual stocking of advanced fingerlings (25–30 cm) at nine reservoirs. Voluntary angler catch reporting is the principal method for monitoring (stocking and angling success) these fisheries. During 1960–2007, anglers reported catching over 47,000 Muskellunge by mailing catch cards to the Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. In 2008, a new online catch reporting system, the Muskie Angler Log (MAL), was launched. Designed in collaboration with anglers, the MAL provides important fishery data to biologists while also serving as a fishing resource for anglers. Anglers who use the MAL can view, summarize, and download their personal catches, review reservoir-specific stocking records and catch histories, and examine recent catch details that are voluntarily shared by other anglers. Catch data from the MAL is vital to the Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife for characterizing fisheries, tracking fishery performance (numbers and sizes), leveraging Muskellunge management decisions, and supporting Muskellunge-specific research. Total reported catches in the MAL have increased over time, with most (six of nine) reservoirs showing increased or stable trends in reported catches. Despite increasing catch reports, annual angler participation in the MAL has declined, which could reduce the effectiveness of the system in monitoring these fisheries. It is not known whether this trend represents an actual decline in participation or is a function of the periodicity in catches among anglers. We modeled the change in the population size (λ) of anglers participating in the MAL using a mark–recapture method (Pradel model). Overall, the modeling indicated that the population of anglers using the MAL has declined since 2008, with the number of anglers belonging to a Muskellunge fishing club declining slower than that for nonclub members. Intervention methods promoting and incentivizing the use of the MAL will be required to assure that the MAL provides the necessary data for managing Muskellunge.
Spatiotemporal Variation in the Magnitude of Reproduction by Invasive, Pelagically Spawning Carps in the Illinois Waterway
Authors: Parkos Joseph J. , Butler Steven E. , King Gregory D. , Porreca Anthony P. , Coulter David P. , MacNamara Ruairi , Wahl David H. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The relationship between the magnitude of reproduction and adult density of pelagically spawning carp (PSC) species (bigheaded carp Hypophthalmichthys spp., Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella, and Black Carp Mylopharyngodon piceus) and the influence of environmental factors on this relationship are valuable information for management and control of these highly invasive cyprinids. Six years of standardized monitoring for PSC reproduction and adult density in navigation pools of the Illinois Waterway (IWW; the Illinois River and its connection to Lake Michigan through the Des Plaines River and Chicago Area Waterway System), in conjunction with removal efforts in the upper IWW, where there is limited fish movement between pools, provided an opportunity to deepen our understanding of factors affecting the reproductive productivity of this invasive assemblage. Reproductive activity most commonly occurred in May and June, with the magnitude of reproduction in June far exceeding that occurring in other months. The highest egg counts were found within a 72-km zone containing the hydromorphological transition between the upper and lower Illinois River, with the majority of PSC larval drift occurring below this zone in the lower Illinois River. Magnitude of reproduction increased nonlinearly with adult PSC density, declining at high adult densities. Annual egg counts were also higher in years that combined more variable spring discharge with higher accumulated degree-days through June. The density-dependent reproduction exhibited by PSC implies that any stock–recruitment variation observed for these species needs to be interpreted cautiously before being ascribed to environmental factors affecting survival from hatching to juvenile stages. An increased understanding of which life stages of PSC are subject to density dependence can refine projections of how these species respond to harvest and other control measures.
Cellular Uptake of the ATSM−Cu(II) Complex under Hypoxic Conditions
Authors: Walke Gulshan R. , Meron Shelly , Shenberger Yulia , Gevorkyan‐Airapetov Lada , Ruthstein Sharon 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Cu(II)‐diacetyl‐bis (N4‐methylthiosemicarbazone) complex (ATSM−Cu(II)) has been suggested as a promising positron emission tomography (PET) agent for hypoxia imaging. Several in‐vivo studies have shown its potential to detect hypoxic tumors. However, its uptake mechanism and its specificity to various cancer cell lines have been less studied. Herein, we tested ATSM−Cu(II) toxicity, uptake, and reduction, using four different cell types: (1) mouse breast cancer cells (DA‐3), (2) human embryonic kidney cells (HEK‐293), (3) breast cancer cells (MCF‐7), and (4) cervical cancer cells (Hela) under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. We showed that ATSM−Cu(II) is toxic to breast cancer cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions; however, it is not toxic to normal HEK‐293 non‐cancer cells. We showed that the Cu(I) content in breast cancer cell after treatment with ATSM−Cu(II) under hypoxic conditions is higher than in normal cells, despite that the uptake of ATSM−Cu(II) is a bit higher in normal cells than in breast cancer cells. This study suggests that the redox potential of ATSM−Cu(II) is higher in breast cancer cells than in normal cells; thus, its toxicity to cancer cells is increased.
225Ac‐PSMA‐617‐targeted alpha therapy for the treatment of metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ballal Sanjana , Yadav Madhav P. , Sahoo Ranjit K. , Tripathi Madhavi , Dwivedi Sada N. , Bal Chandrasekhar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to present an overview of the role of 225Ac‐PSMA (prostate‐specific membrane antigen)‐targeted alpha therapy (TAT) as a salvage treatment option in metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer.MethodsA systematic literature review was performed in databases such as Medline, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials, and the website; www.ClinicalTrials.gov until December 2020. The study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. All original articles, including retrospective, prospective, hand‐searched articles, and clinical trials, were searched, and appropriate data were included for the analysis. The study's primary endpoint assessed therapeutic efficacy by biochemical response assessment criteria (any prostate‐specific antigen [PSA] decline and >50% PSA decline from the baseline) after 225Ac‐PSMA‐TAT. The secondary endpoints included assessing overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), molecular response, and therapy‐related adverse events across all the studies. The values were expressed as pooled proportions and demonstrated graphically by forest plots using the random‐effects model.ResultsAfter the data extraction and filtration process, a total of three publications, including 141 patients, were included for the final analysis. The pooled proportion of patients demonstrating any PSA decline and greater than 50% PSA decline were 83% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 77%–89%) and 59% (95% CI: 42%–76%), respectively. The pooled proportions for OS was 81% (95% CI: 74%–89%). The pooled proportion of patients who have shown complete molecular response are 17% (95% CI: 5%–29%). The median PFS was 12 months (interquartile range: 8.2–14.4 months). Across the studies, the most common side effects from 225Ac‐PSMA‐617 TAT were xerostomia/dry mouth, which pertained to Gr I–II in 63.1% (89 of 141), followed by fatigue in 44.5% (45 of 101) of patients. Grade I–II and III anemia was noted in 48.5% (49 of 101) and 6% (6 of 101), respectively. Grade III leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were negligible: 0.9% (1 of 101) and 0.9% (1 of 101), respectively. Similarly, grade III nephrotoxicity was also observed only in 5 of 101 (5%) patients.ConclusionTreatment with 225Ac‐PSMA‐617 TAT demonstrated biochemical response, improved survival, caused low treatment‐related toxicity proving a promising salvage treatment option in mCRPC patients.
Effects of grape products on inflammation and oxidative stress: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Ghalishourani Samira Sadat , Farzollahpour Forough , Shirinbakhshmasoleh Mina , Kolahdouz Shakiba , Ghaedi Ehsan , Behrouzian Mahsa , Haghighian Hossein Khadem , Campbell Marilyn S. , Asbaghi Omid , Moodi Vihan 
Published: April 2021

This systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were conducted to determine the effects of grapes and grape products on inflammation and oxidative stress among adults. PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched up to July 2020 to identify RCTs investigating the effects of grape and grape products on inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. Weighted mean differences (WMD) were pooled using a random‐effects model. Of the 8,962 identified studies, 24 RCTs (27 arms) were included in the statistical analysis. Grape products significantly reduced serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels (WMD: −0.35 mg/L; 95% CI: −0.62, −0.09,p = .008), but they had no significant effect on serum tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) (WMD = −1.08 pg/ml; 95% CI: −2.29, 0.11,p = .07), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) (WMD = 0.13 pg/ml; 95% CI: −0.35, 0.60,p = .60), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (WMD = 0.15; 95% CI: −0.35, 0.65,p = .54), or malondialdehyde (MDA) (WMD = 0.14; 95% CI: −0.64, 0.92,p = .72). The analysis indicated possible decreasing effects of grapes and grape products on CRP, but they might not be able to change IL‐6, TNF‐α, TAC, and MDA concentrations. Nonetheless, further studies are warranted before definitive conclusions may be reached.
Parameterization of two‐dimensional approaches in HYDRUS‐2D: Part 2. Solute transport at the field and column scale
Authors: Varvaris Ioannis , Pittaki‐Chrysodonta Zampela , Duus Børgesen Christen , Iversen Bo Vangsø 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this study, a tracer field experiment was conducted to study the temporal dynamics of bromide movement in a loamy tile‐drained agricultural landscape. Moreover, tritium leaching experiments were performed on undisturbed soil columns from the same field. The HYDRUS‐2D software package was used to model water and solute transport. Three water flow models developed in Part 1—a single‐porosity approach with modified soil hydraulic functions (SP), a dual‐porosity approach (DP), and a dual‐permeability approach (DUP)—were used as a foundation for building solute transport models, of which the initial parameterization was based on a suggested hydrogeological tool from previous studies. The selected solute transport models were an SP, an SP with immobile water, a DP, a DUP, and a DUP with immobile water. The model predictions were compared against measurements of bromide concentrations in soil‐water. The DP captured the degree of the initial peaks and predicted well the shape of the observed concentrations. However, DP presented low capability to match the timing of bromide concentration peaks. In contrast, the DUP with immobile water illustrated better predictive ability by introducing an additional pore region into the matrix domain. Validation of field‐scale solute transport models was implemented using the data from the following leaching experiments. The already suggested parameterization concept was further evaluated for its capability to provide a sufficient initial representation of the internal pathways. The output from such hydrogeological studies shows that macropores and their interconnection with tile drains are key to understanding the water flow and solute transport processes in loamy structured soils.
Physicochemical and Rheological Properties of Cross‐Linked Litchi Kernel Starch and Its Application in Development of Bio‐Films
Authors: Sharma Vinita , Kaur Maninder , Sandhu Kawaljit Singh , Nain Vikash , Janghu Sandeep 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this study, starch from a non‐conventional source, that is, litchi is extracted and cross‐linked (CL) with varying concentrations (1%, 3%, and 5%) of sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP). The starches are characterized for their physicochemical, pasting, rheological, and thermal properties. Bio‐films are also prepared from these starches and analyzed for selected barrier and mechanical properties. The results indicate that an increase in cross linking agent concentration resulted in a significant decrease in amylose content, swelling power (SP), and solubility of starches. Peak viscosity (PV) and breakdown viscosity (BV) of CL starches are lower in comparison to native starch. Steady shear properties reveal that magnitudes of yield stress (σo) and consistency index (K) decrease upon increase in the concentration of cross linking reagent. CL starches exhibit significantly (p < 0.05) higher transition temperatures than native starch. Native starch film shows water solubility of 43.66% while for films from CL starches, the values ranged between 35.12 and 41.53%. Significant (p < 0.05) reduction in water vapor permeability (WVP) values of CL starch films (1.24–1.52 g m Pa−1 s−1 m−2) is observed in comparison to native (2.32 g m Pa−1 s−1 m−2) starch films. Cross linking significantly improves tensile strength (TS) of films, however, films elongation is lower (14.71–17.97%) than native starch film (19.88%).
Degenerate operators in JT and Liouville (super)gravity
Authors: Mertens Thomas G. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We derive explicit expressions for a specific subclass of Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) gravity bilocal correlators, corresponding to degenerate Virasoro representations. On the disk, these degenerate correlators are structurally simple, and they allow us to shed light on the 1/C Schwarzian bilocal perturbation series. In particular, we prove that the series is asymptotic for generic weight h ∉ −ℕ/2. Inspired by its minimal string ancestor, we propose an expression for higher genus corrections to the degenerate correlators. We discuss the extension to the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 super JT model. On the disk, we similarly derive properties of the 1/C super-Schwarzian perturbation series, which we independently develop as well. As a byproduct, it is shown that JT supergravity saturates the chaos bound λL = 2π/β at first order in 1/C. We develop the fixed-length amplitudes of Liouville supergravity at the level of the disk partition function, the bulk one-point function and the boundary two-point functions. In particular we compute the minimal superstring fixed length boundary two-point functions, which limit to the super JT degenerate correlators. We give some comments on higher topology at the end.
2-Group global symmetries and anomalies in six-dimensional quantum field theories
Authors: Córdova Clay , Dumitrescu Thomas T. , Intriligator Kenneth 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We examine six-dimensional quantum field theories through the lens of higher-form global symmetries. Every Yang-Mills gauge theory in six dimensions, with field strength f(2), naturally gives rise to a continuous 1-form global symmetry associated with the 2-form instanton current J(2)∼ ∗Tr (f(2) ∧ f(2)). We show that suitable mixed anomalies involving the gauge field f(2) and ordinary 0-form global symmetries, such as flavor or Poincaré symmetries, lead to continuous 2-group global symmetries, which allow two flavor currents or two stress tensors to fuse into the 2-form current J(2). We discuss several features of 2-group symmetry in six dimensions, many of which parallel the four-dimensional case. The majority of six-dimensional supersymmetric conformal field theories (SCFTs) and little string theories have infrared phases with non-abelian gauge fields. We show that the mixed anomalies leading to 2-group symmetries can be present in little string theories, but that they are necessarily absent in SCFTs. This allows us to establish a previously conjectured algorithm for computing the ’t Hooft anomalies of most SCFTs from the spectrum of weakly-coupled massless particles on the tensor branch of these theories. We then apply this understanding to prove that the a-type Weyl anomaly of all SCFTs with a tensor branch must be positive, a > 0.
Selection and evaluation of bi-allelic autosomal SNP markers for paternity testing in Koreans
Authors: Bae Soyeon , Won Sohyoung , Kim Heebal 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDue to the advantages of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in forensic science, many forensic SNP panels have been developed. However, the existing SNP panels have a problem that they do not reflect allele frequencies in Koreans or the number of markers is not sufficient to perform paternity testing. Here, we filtered candidate SNPs from the Ansan-Ansung cohort data and selected 200 SNPs with high allele frequencies. To reduce the risk of false inclusion and false exclusion, we calculated likelihood ratios of alleged father-child pairs from simulated families when the alleged father is the true father, the close relative of the true father, and the random man. As a result, we estimated that 160 SNPs were needed to perform paternity testing. Furthermore, we performed validation using Twin-Family cohort data. When 160 selected SNPs were used to calculate the likelihood ratio, paternity and non-paternity were accurately distinguished. Our set of 160 SNPs could be useful for paternity testing in Koreans.
Tungsten Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Rebesan Pietro , Bonesso Massimiliano , Gennari Claudio , Dima Razvan , Pepato Adriano , Vedani Maurizio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAdditive Manufacturing (AM) is the process that allows the production of complex geometry and lightweight components. Thanks to the high density of refractory metals, AM could be a possible solution for their application in the aerospace field and for biomedical or future nuclear fusion devices. Yet, Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) of refractory metals as Ta, Mo, and W faces some challenges due to their main properties: high melting point, heat conductivity, and susceptibility to cracks.The purpose of this study is to optimize the process parameters in order to produce high-density Tungsten parts by LPBF on an EOS M100 (maximum power of 170 W). The characterization is performed through physical properties measurements and microstructural analysis. Single Scan Tracks (SSTs) are produced on the top surfaces of Tungsten blocks to evaluate the process parameters that give regular-shape and continuous melt-pools. Both analytical and experimental optimizations of process parameters were performed. Micro-hardness measurements were done for dense bulk specimens. Finally, a description of susceptibility to cracks of additively manufactured Tungsten was performed.