bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated correction of systematic errors in high frequency depth measurements above V‐notch weirs using time series decomposition
Authors: Regina Jason A. , Ogden Fred L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHydrologic studies require high‐quality streamflow measurements. V‐notch weirs provide accurate discharge measurements and when properly equipped produce continuous records of streamflow. However, sensor drift and accumulations of floating woody debris cause systematic errors in depth measurements behind weirs, particularly during periods of base flow between storms. Manual processing of high‐frequency streamflow data is often subjective and difficult to reproduce. We developed a method to automatically correct erroneous depth time series to accelerate data processing and promote objectivity and reproducibility. The method inspects depth measurements, isolates and preserves periods of direct runoff during storms, and corrects erroneous inter‐event baseflow. We applied experience obtained during manual data processing to implement an automatic correction method based on time series decomposition to produce a consistent time series of stage data that eliminates obvious errors due to sensor drift and clogging by woody debris. The automatic method offers an objective and reproducible procedure capable of efficiently processing 1 year of stage data in seconds. This method promotes reproducibility and may appeal to water resources experts working with large amounts of data especially at sites where distance, cost, or inclement weather prevents regular instrument maintenance.
Learning domain transfer for unsupervised magnetic resonance imaging restoration and edge enhancement
Authors: Fu Bo , Dong Yuhan , Fu Shilin , Mao Yuanxin , Thanh Dang N. H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRecently, many effective medical image restoration methods based on deep learning have been proposed. Most of the methods are used to solve single image processing tasks, such as image noise removal, image deblurring, and image super‐resolution. However, real medical images often suffer from multiple degradation factors, such as signal interference in the process of shooting or the relative movement of patients during the process of image acquisition. The image restoration methods only considering a single image degradation factor often fail to yield satisfactory results for the restoration purpose of practical medical images. It is difficult to obtain paired medical images to incorporate real image processing tasks into the framework of supervised learning. For the restoration of real medical images with multiple degradation factors, an unsupervised learning method based on domain transfer to resolve the MRI restoration problem is proposed. Specifically, learning invariant representations from a degraded image and a transferred image via adversarial domain adaption and then extra self‐supervised modules to further improve the robustness of representations are used. In addition, the Laplacian operator is embedded in the encoder to extract additional edges, which can form additional constraints on edge recovery. Experimental results show that the proposed method is effective in both image restoration and edge preservation.
miR‐3146 induces neutrophil extracellular traps to aggravate gout flare
Authors: Shan Lizhen , Yang Di , Feng Fabo , Zhu Danjie , Li Xiaolin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundGout is an inflammatory arthritis and is characterized by the accumulation of deposited monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in the joints. miRNAs may act as key regulators of gout pathogenesis. The aim of our study was to explore the underlying role and molecular mechanism of miR‐3146 in the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) during the pathogenesis of gout.MethodsThe expression of miR‐3146 and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) was determined by real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, respectively. The luciferase reporter assay was performed to identify the targeting relationship between miR‐3146 and SIRT1. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was detected by fluorescent staining. NETs formation was demonstrated via immunofluorescence staining and ELISA method. Gout model was induced in rats to verify the effects of miR‐3146 inhibition on histopathological changes and NETs.ResultsHere, we found miR‐3146 expression was dramatically increased in neutrophils of patients with gout, which was accompanied with the higher levels of NETs. MSU crystals significantly increased miR‐3146 expression and ROS production in neutrophils. The NETs process was also triggered by MSU crystals. Furthermore, we verified the interaction between miR‐3146 and SIRT1. Additionally, antagomir‐3146‐based therapy effectively inhibited the formation of NETs in rats with gout.ConclusionOur findings indicated that miR‐3146‐mediated NETs formation may play a potential role in the pathogenesis of gout. These results suggested that miR‐3146 could be used as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of gout.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Drug Disposition and Response: Review of New Molecular Entities Approved Between 2014 and 2019
Authors: Ramamoorthy Anuradha , Kim Hannah H. , Shah‐Williams Ebony , Zhang Lei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRace and ethnicity can contribute to differences in drug exposure and/or response. Here, we report that about 10% of the new molecular entities (NMEs) approved between 2014 and 2019 by the US Food and Drug Administration's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research showed differences in exposure and/or response based on race/ethnicity or pharmacogenetic factors known to vary in frequency across global populations. Fewer NMEs (10%) reported differences in the labeling in 2014 to 2019 when compared to about 21% of NMEs approved between 2008 and 2013 that had differences in pharmacokinetics, safety, response, and/or pharmacogenetics. Understanding the underlying mechanisms that lead to such differences and adequate enrollment of racial and ethnic subgroups is essential to obtain sufficient information on exposure and response. Though drug development is global, when heterogeneous populations are not adequately enrolled, the risk‐benefit assessments can remain incomplete for certain subgroups. Consequently, this can result in regional differences in drug approval, population‐specific prescribing recommendations, or need for additional postmarketing studies to address concerns related to exposure, response, or lack of representation that lead to gaps in information.
Improving sensitivity to eye gaze cues in adolescents on the autism spectrum using serious game technology: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Griffin Jason W. , Geier Charles F. , Smyth Joshua M. , Scherf K. Suzanne 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundPerceiving and interpreting eye gaze cues is foundational for social cognition and social interactions because it involves the ability to use eye gaze direction to predict the actions and intentions of others. Autism is a disability that impacts social interactions. A diagnostic symptom of autism is difficulty understanding eye gaze cues as social signals. This deficit has long‐term consequences for understanding goal‐directed behavior, language learning, and social communication. We hypothesize that targeted intervention methods designed to improve sensitivity to eye gaze cues may begin to treat core symptoms of autism and potentially alter multiple aspects of social functioning. Social Games for Autistic Adolescents (SAGA) is a serious computer game intervention designed to improve sensitivity to eye gaze cues. Serious games improve targeted skills with the goal of enhancing real‐life outcomes. In SAGA, participants progress through a narrative storyline and interact with animated characters. In so doing, they implicitly discover that eye gaze cues are useful for guiding their own goal‐directed behavior to solve problems in the game.MethodsWe evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of SAGA in a hybrid phase 1/2, randomized controlled trial. Forty adolescents on the autism spectrum were randomized to either the treatment or standard care control group. Adolescents in the treatment group were asked to play SAGA for 30‐min sessions at home 3 times a week over 10 weeks.ResultsA group × time interaction revealed that the treatment group developed increasing sensitivity to human eye gaze cues, whereas the standard care group did not. Participants who experienced a sufficient dose of gameplay showed larger treatment‐related improvements. Critically, increases in sensitivity to human eye gaze cues were associated with improvements in social skills.ConclusionsThis accessible, scalable, and affordable intervention shows promise as an effective tool for improving the ability to interpret and understand eye gaze cues and social skills in adolescents on the autism spectrum.
Influence of high wave sound pretreatment on drying quality parameters of echinacea root with infrared drying
Authors: Rostami Gharkhloo Zahra , Sharifian Faroogh , Rahimi Amir , Akhoundzadeh Yamchi Abolfazl 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDEchinacea is a perennial and herbaceous herb containing the most active phenolic compounds and valuable antimicrobial and antioxidant content, such as chicoric acid, which increases the body immune function. The root of this plant is mainly used in pharmaceutical fields to treat inflammation, kidney infections and colds. In the present study, we investigated the drying of echinacea root in an infrared dryer with airborne ultrasonic pretreatment aiming to determine shrinkage, color changes, extraction, total phenolic content, flavonoid content and radical inhibition of 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The experiments were performed in an infrared dryer at three temperature levels of 40, 45 and 50 °C, with ultrasonic pretreatment at frequencies of 2000, 3000 and 4000 Hz and a time duration of 20, 40 and 60 min in three replications.RESULTSShrinkage and color changes of the samples varied in the range 27.2–6.3% and 39.82–39.64%, respectively. According to all of the evaluated physical and chemical factors, the optimal conditions for echinacea root processing were a drying temperature of 40 °C, a frequency of 3000 Hz and an ultrasound duration of 60 min, in which case shrinkage was 3.35% and color changes were 38.25%. Total phenolic content was 27.41 mg g−1, flavonoid content was 39.36 mg g−1 and DPPH radical inhibition was 34.87%.CONCLUSIONTherefore, the use of airborne ultrasound pretreatment demonstrates increased chemical properties compared to the optimal state when drying the echinacea root with an infrared dryer by 54/21–81/64%. Hence, ultrasound pretreatment preserves the quality and quantity of active ingredients in the therapeutic root of Echinacea. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Comparison of Slide Tracheoplasty Technique on Postoperative Anatomic Outcomes in Three‐Dimensional Printed Models
Authors: Richardson Clare , Friedman Seth D. , Park Jason S. , Bonilla‐Velez Juliana , Dahl John P. , Parikh Sanjay R. , Perkins Jonathan , Johnson Kaalan 
Published: October 2021

Objectives/HypothesisWe hypothesized that the use of three‐dimensional (3D) printed tracheal models to reproducibly simulate surgical technique variations in slide tracheoplasty would demonstrate the quantitative impact of surgical variables on postoperative tracheal dimensions.Study DesignProspective analysis of three‐dimensional printed surgical simulation models.MethodsSlide tracheoplasty was performed on 3D printed long segment tracheal stenosis models with combinations of tracheal transection incision angle (90°, 45° beveled superior to inferior, 45° beveled inferior to superior) and tracheal transection location relative to the stenosis (at midpoint, 2 mm each superior and inferior to midpoint). Postoperative computed tomography (CT) scans measured changes in tracheal length, volume, and cross‐sectional area compared to controls. Statistical analysis was performed using one‐way analysis of variance and unpaired two‐tailed t‐tests.ResultsSlide tracheoplasty yielded 27 reconstructed tracheas. On average, slide tracheoplasty reduced total tracheal length by 36%. Beveled tracheal incisions yielded 9.5% longer final tracheas than straight transection incisions (P < .0001). Cross‐sectional area at the stenosis midpoint increased from 9.0 mm2 to 45 mm2 but did not vary with technique (P > .05). Total tracheal luminal volume increased from 900 mm3 to 1378 mm3 overall and was largest with beveled incisions (P = .03). More material was discarded with straight incisions compared to beveled (89 mg vs. 19 mg, P < .0001).ConclusionsBeveled tracheal transection incisions resulted in increased tracheal length, longer anastomotic segments, increased volume, and reduced tissue waste as compared to straight incisions. Offsetting the incision from the midpoint of stenosis did not significantly affect reconstructed tracheal morphology. Using 3D printed models for surgical simulation can be helpful for the quantitative study of the effect isolated surgical variables on technical outcomes.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 132:1306–1312, 2022
Is Diet Sufficient as Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Treatment? A Cross‐Over Observational Study
Authors: Lechien Jerome R. , Crevier‐Buchman Lise , Distinguin Lea , Iannella Giannicola , Maniaci Antonino , De Marrez Lisa G. , Saussez Sven , Hans Stéphane 
Published: October 2021

Objectives/HypothesisTo investigate the efficacy of low‐fat, low‐quick‐release sugar, high‐protein, alkaline, and plant‐based diet as single treatment for patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR).Study DesignCross‐over observational study.MethodsPatients with LPR diagnosis at the hypopharyngeal‐esophageal multichannel intraluminal impedance‐pH‐monitoring were prospectively recruited from the reflux clinic of three University Hospitals. Patients were instructed to follow low‐fat, low‐quick‐release sugar, high‐protein, alkaline, and plant‐based diet for 6 to 12 weeks. Pre‐ to post‐treatment symptom and finding changes were evaluated with reflux symptom score (RSS) and reflux sign assessment. Findings were compared to those of a control period where patients did not receive any treatment or diet. Diet was evaluated with refluxogenic diet score (REDS).ResultsFifty patients completed the study (19 males). Otolaryngological, digestive, and total RSS scores significantly improved from baseline to 6‐week post‐diet, while there were no significant changes during the control period. At 6‐week post‐diet, 37 (74%) patients reported significant symptom improvement or relief. Among them, symptoms continued to improve from 6 to 12 weeks in 27 cases, corresponding to a diet success rate of 54%. The REDS was predictive of the baseline RSS (P = .031).ConclusionLow‐fat, low‐quick‐release sugar, high‐protein, alkaline, and plant‐based diet is an alternative cost‐effective therapeutic approach for patients with LPR. Patients with higher REDS reported higher baseline symptom score.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 132:1916–1923, 2022
Can the mechanoreceptional setae of a feeding‐current feeding copepod detect hydrodynamic disturbance induced by entrained free‐floating prey?
Authors: Shen Xinhui , Yao Xin , Marcos  , Fu Henry C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCopepods that catch prey using feeding currents beat their cephalic appendages to generate flow entrainment, and detect the presence of nearby prey through the mechanoreceptional setae on the antennules and other appendages. It remains unclear whether the feeding current can be used by the copepod to gain information about its surroundings by sensing when the current is disturbed by nearby particles. In this article, we present a numerical model to address how much the presence of free‐floating prey can alter the feeding current velocity field, and how these prey‐induced disturbances modify setal deformation patterns. We prescribe the beating strokes of the feeding appendages, and quantify the changes in the bending flows across the setae and setal deformations due to the prey entrainment. We find that, first, the seta bends more due to the time‐averaged velocity component of the feeding current, while filtering out the oscillatory component. Second, 100 μm diameter free‐floating prey do not induce any noticeable change in deformations of the proximal and distal setae unless they are less than 10 or 5.5 prey radii from the antennules, respectively. Larger prey cause bigger flow disturbances than small prey, which are expected to be even harder to detect. Last, if setae are responsive to changes in deformation relative to the deformations in the absence of prey, the distal seta may have long‐ranged sensitivity to assist in detection of prey near the proximal seta, but if setae are responsive to absolute changes in deformation, both setae have very short‐ranged sensitivity.
Sequence‐Controlled Alternating Copolyesters Synthesis via Selective Ring‐Opening Polymerization
Authors: Jia Zhaowei , Li Yuju , Wu Jincai 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe hydrolysis behavior of copolyester is significantly affected by its sequence structure. The crystallinity and melting‐transition temperature of sequence‐controlled copolyesters also may be different to random copolyesters. Therefore sequence‐controlled copolyesters have become an attractive class of materials recently. Through living ring‐opening polymerization (ROP), both the molecular weight and sequence structure of copolyesters can be easily controlled. In the past decades, the development of metal‐based initiators has greatly promoted research in this field. In this minor review, the recent progress in the ROP of lactones initiated by metal complexes to synthesize copolyesters with a clear sequence structure is summarized. Moreover, the future development of sequence‐controlled copolyester synthesis will be discussed.
Linear calibration‐free wavelength modulation spectroscopy
Authors: Li Renjie , Li Fei , Lin Xin , Yu Xilong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article presents a new linear calibration‐free wavelength modulation spectroscopy (LCF‐WMS) technique for gas sensing. By combining the natural logarithms of the transmitted intensity and background signals, this technique eliminates the effects of the intensity, intensity modulation, and the modulation phase to obtain integrable harmonic signals along the line‐of‐sight and thus realize calibration‐free measurements. To illustrate the validity of the LCF‐WMS technique, it was applied to measurement of the water vapor concentration in air at ambient temperature. Because of its specific features of line‐of‐sight integrability and baseline independence, this method will be advantageous in absorption tomography and high‐pressure applications.
A liquid phosphorous flame retardant combined with expandable graphite or melamine in flexible polyurethane foam
Authors: Chan Yin Yam , Ma Chao , Zhou Feng , Hu Yuan , Schartel Bernhard 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA systematic series of flexible polyurethane foams (FPUF) with different concentrations of flame retardants, bis([dimethoxyphosphoryl]methyl) phenyl phosphate (BDMPP), and melamine (MA) or expandable graphite (EG) was prepared. The mechanical properties of the FPUFs were evaluated by a universal testing machine. The pyrolysis behaviors and the evolved gas analysis were done by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and TGA coupled with Fourier‐transform infrared (TG‐FTIR), respectively. The fire behaviors were studied by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL 94 test for horizontal burning of cellular materials (UL 94 HBF), and cone calorimeter measurement. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the cellular structure's morphology and the postfire char residue of the FPUFs. LOI and UL 94 HBF tests of all the flame retarded samples show improved flame retardancy. BDMPP plays an essential role in the gas phase because it significantly reduces the effective heat of combustion (EHC). This study highlights the synergistic effect caused by the combination of BDMPP and EG. The measured char yield from TGA is greater than the sum of individual effects. No dripping phenomenon occurs during burning for FPUF‐BDMPP‐EGs, as demonstrated by the result of the UL 94 HBF test. EG performs excellently on smoke suppression during burning, as evident in the result of the cone calorimeter test. MA reduces the peak heat release rate (pHRR) significantly. The synergistic effect of the combination of BDMPP and EG as well as MA offers an approach to enhance flame retardancy and smoke suppression.
Feasibility of dose‐dense cisplatin‐based chemotherapy in Japanese children with high‐risk hepatoblastoma: Analysis of the JPLT3‐H pilot study
Authors: Watanabe Kenichiro , Mori Makiko , Hishiki Tomoro , Yokoi Akiko , Ida Kohmei , Yano Michihiro , Fujimura Junya , Nogami Yuki , Iehara Tomoko , Hoshino Ken , Inoue Takeshi , Tanaka Yukichi , Miyazaki Osamu , Takimoto Tetsuya , Yoshimura Kenichi , Hiyama Eiso 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe SIOPEL‐4 study has demonstrated that dose‐dense cisplatin‐based chemotherapy dramatically improves outcome in children with high‐risk hepatoblastoma in western countries. However, the feasibility and safety of this regimen have not been clarified in Japanese patients.MethodsA pilot study, JPLT3‐H, was designed to evaluate the safety profile of the SIOPEL‐4 regimen in Japanese children with newly diagnosed hepatoblastoma with either metastatic disease or low alpha‐fetoprotein.ResultsA total of 15 patients (three female) were enrolled. Median age was 2 years (range, 0–14). Three patients were PRETEXT II (where PRETEXT is PRETreatment EXTent of disease), six PRETEXT III, and six PRETEXT IV. All patients had lung metastasis, none had low alpha‐fetoprotein. Eight patients completed the prescribed treatment, and seven patients discontinued therapy prematurely, four due to progressive disease and three due to causes other than severe toxicity. Grade 4 neutropenia was documented in most patients in preoperative cycles A1‐3 (11/15 in A1, 9/11 in A2, and 7/11 in A3) and in all considering all cycles. Grade 3–4 thrombocytopenia and grade 3 anemia were also frequently observed. Patients experienced several episodes of grade 3 febrile neutropenia, but none had grade 4 febrile neutropenia or severe infections. One patient had grade 3 heart failure only in the first cycle. Other grade 3 or 4 toxicities were hypomagnesemia, anorexia, nausea, mucositis, liver enzyme elevation, fever, infection, and fatigue. There were no unexpected severe toxicities.ConclusionThe toxicity profile of JPLT3‐H was comparable to that of SIOPEL‐4. Dose‐dense cisplatin‐based chemotherapy may be feasible among Japanese patients with high‐risk hepatoblastoma.
Parallel optimization of design and manufacture for carbon fiber reinforced plastic oil pan based on the thickness distribution
Authors: Ma Qihua , Wang Shun , Zhou Qi , Gan Xuehui 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNowadays, lightweight is an indispensable requirement in the development of automobile industry as one of the most effective methods of energy conservation and emission reduction. In this paper, the lightweight design of oil pan was carried out by using carbon fiber reinforced plastic material instead of metal material. In particular, the influence of manufacturing process was considered in the structural design, and an integrated design method of structure and process was proposed. According to the idea of comprehensive design, structural design, and composite design were carried out in parallel. Reasonably adjusted the geometric characteristics of the oil pan, further determined the feasible laying process scheme and filling process scheme, and finally the oil pan that meets the working conditions and lightweight objectives was manufactured. The work done in this paper can provide a certain reference for the lightweight design of other automobile parts.