bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of data compression across CPU platforms and accelerators
Authors: Promberger Laura , Schwemmer Rainer , Fröning Holger 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe ever increasing amount of generated data makes it more and more beneficial to utilize compression to trade computations for data movement and reduced storage requirements. Lately, dedicated accelerators have been introduced to offload compression tasks from the main processor. However, research is lacking when it comes to the system costs for incorporating compression. This is especially true for the influence of the CPU platform and accelerators on the compression. This work will show that for general‐purpose lossless compression algorithms following can be recommended: (1) snappy for high throughput, but low compression ratio; (2) zstandard level 2 for moderate throughput and compression ratio; (3) xz level 5 for low throughput, but high compression ratio. And it will show that the selected platforms (ARM, IBM or Intel) have no influence on the algorithm's performance. Furthermore, it will show that the accelerator's zlib implementation achieves a comparable compression ratio as zlib level 2 on a CPU, while having up to the throughput and utilizing over 80% less CPU resources. This suggests that the overhead of offloading compression is limited but present. Overall, this work will allow system designers to identify deployment opportunities for compression while considering integration constraints.
Improving smart grid security through 5G enabled IoT and edge computing
Authors: Borgaonkar Ravishankar , Anne Tøndel Inger , Zenebe Degefa Merkebu , Gilje Jaatun Martin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article investigates and analyzes the security aspects of 5G specifications from the perspective of IoT‐based smart grids. As the smart grid requires high‐speed and reliable communication to enable real‐time grid monitoring via Internet of Things (IoT) devices, 5G can be considered a catalyst to transform the current power grid infrastructure into a smart grid. Thus, an understanding of what 5G can bring in terms of cyber security in IoT‐based smart grids is important for design decisions and future risk analysis efforts. In this article, we explore a smart grid use case on automatic voltage control—a use case utilizing 5G as a wireless communication infrastructure with edge support. We identify the benefits 5G brings to several security aspects, and show how 5G security techniques are applicable to the smart grid, thus providing a foundation for future security analysis of 5G enabled smart grid systems. Future research should extend this work to additional smart grid use cases.
Abstractive text summarization using deep learning with a new Turkish summarization benchmark dataset
Authors: Ertam Fatih , Aydin Galip 
Published: July 2021

AbstractExponential increase in the amount of textual data made available on the Internet results in new challenges in terms of accessing information accurately and quickly. Text summarization can be defined as reducing the dimensions of the expressions to be summarized without spoiling the meaning. Summarization can be performed as extractive and abstractive or using both together. In this study, we focus on abstractive summarization which can produce more human‐like summarization results. For the study we created a Turkish news summarization benchmark dataset from various news agency web portals by crawling the news title, short news, news content, and keywords for the last 5 years. The dataset is made publicly available for researchers. The deep learning network training was carried out by using the news headlines and short news contents from the prepared dataset and then the network was expected to create the news headline as the short news summary. To evaluate the performance of this study, Rouge‐1, Rouge‐2, and Rouge‐L were compared using precision, sensitivity and F1 measure scores. Performance values for the study were presented for each sentence as well as by averaging the results for 50 randomly selected sentences. The F1 Measure values are 0.4317, 0.2194, and 0.4334 for Rouge‐1, Rouge‐2, and Rouge‐L respectively. Performance results show that the approach is promising for Turkish text summarization studies and the prepared dataset will add value to the literature.
Exploring Curated Conformational Ensembles of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins in the Protein Ensemble Database
Authors: Quaglia Federica , Lazar Tamas , Hatos András , Tompa Peter , Piovesan Damiano , Tosatto Silvio C. E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Protein Ensemble Database (PED; https://proteinensemble.org/) is the major repository of conformational ensembles of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). Conformational ensembles of IDPs are primarily provided by their authors or occasionally collected from literature, and are subsequently deposited in PED along with the corresponding structured, manually curated metadata. The modeling of conformational ensembles usually relies on experimental data from small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), NMR spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, or a combination of these techniques. The growing number of scientific studies based on these data, along with the astounding and swift progress in the field of protein intrinsic disorder, has required a significant update and upgrade of PED, first published in 2014. To this end, the database was entirely renewed in 2020 and now has a dedicated team of biocurators providing manually curated descriptions of the methods and conditions applied to generate the conformational ensembles and for checking consistency of the data.Here, we present a detailed description on how to explore PED with its protein pages and experimental pages, and how to interpret entries of conformational ensembles. We describe how to efficiently search conformational ensembles deposited in PED by means of its web interface and API. We demonstrate how to make sense of the PED protein page and its associated experimental entry pages with reference to the yeast Sic1 use case. © 2021 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.[Correction added on May 17, 2022, after first online publication: CRUI‐CARE funding statement has been added.]Basic Protocol 1: Performing a search in PEDSupport Protocol 1: Programmatic access with the PED APIBasic Protocol 2: Interpreting the protein page and the experimental entry page—the Sic1 use caseSupport Protocol 2: Downloading optionsSupport Protocol 3: Understanding the validation report—the Sic1 use caseBasic Protocol 3: Submitting new conformational ensembles to PEDBasic Protocol 4: Providing feedback in PED
Electron energy spectrum in the field‐ionized plasma
Authors: Khalilzadeh E. , Chakhmachi A. , Dehghani Z. , Rezaei S. , Jafari M. J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this article, the effect of ionization on the energy spectrum of electrons within the interaction of a laser pulse with hydrogen atoms is investigated using particle‐in‐cell simulation codes. The results show that the behaviour of electrons' energy distribution function in the field‐ionized plasma, which occurred due to the field ionization, compared with that in the pre‐plasma strongly depends on the pulse shape. For short rise‐time pulses (here 30 fs), due to the rapid enhancement of laser electric field, ionization occurs quickly, and as a result, there is not much difference in the electron energy in both the media. However, for pulses with rise time of 40 fs, in the pre‐plasma state, the electron population reaches higher energies compared with the field‐ionized plasma state. The main reason for this difference is the nonlinear wave breaking that happens earlier due to density inhomogeneity in the field‐ionized plasma. On the other hand, at longer rise‐time pulses (here 60 and 70 fs), electrons achieve higher energies in the field‐ionized plasma than those in the case of pre‐plasma. In this case, because of density fluctuations in the field‐ionized plasma, the Raman backscattered radiations are seeded by a strong initial noise at the earlier times and the Mendonca condition for chaos threshold is met sooner. Therefore, the electrons gain more energy through the stochastic mechanism that is in agreement with chaotic nature of the motion.
Quantitative analysis of different LED lamp configurations in indoor VLC system
Authors: Priyanka.  , Singh Maninder Lal , Singh Mandeep , Gill Harpuneet Singh , Kaur Sehajpal 
Published: July 2021

SummaryIn this article, an indoor environment of 5 × 5 × 3 m3dimensions is considered and a total of nine LED lamps are installed at the ceiling in a symmetrical pattern. The inter‐spatial separation between LED lamps is varied to achieve the dual purpose of lighting and communication services. The multipath channel impulse response for distinct receiver locations is also calculated under line‐of‐sight (LOS) and non‐line‐of‐sight (NLOS) channel conditions. Several performance parameters, that is, illumination uniformity, received power fluctuations, root‐mean‐delay spread (RMDS), are evaluated to estimate the performance of the proposed system. The results show that spatial separation of 1.5 m between the LED lamps outperforms the other considered spatial separations, and the error‐free data transmission rate for the proposed system comes out to be about 40 Mbps across the entire receiver plane. Furthermore, an RGB image is transmitted at 40 Mbps and the received image quality is estimated in terms of image quality parameter, that is, structure similarity index (SSIM) over the receiver plane. The results outlined that the received image shows 100% similarity with the transmitted image, and thus, the proposed system can be effectively deployed in practical indoor environments.
Porous tal palm carbon nanosheets as a sensing material for simultaneous detection of hydroquinone and catechol
Authors: Nayem S. M. Abu , Sultana Nasrin , Islam Tamanna , Hasan Md. Mahedi , Awal Abdul , Roy Subrata Chandra , Aziz Md. Abdul , Ahammad A. J. Saleh 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this article, an electrochemical sensor was prepared for the simultaneous detection of hydroquinone (HQ) and catechol (CT) by incorporating porous tal palm carbon nanosheets (PTPCNS) as the modifier substance on the surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were utilized to characterize the electrochemical properties of the designed (PTCNS/GCE) sensor. PTPCNS/GCE demonstrated excellent electro‐catalytic property toward resolving the individual voltametric signal of HQ and CT from their mixture. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was applied to quantify the lower limit of HQ and CT. The calculated limit of detection (LOD) was 0.15 µM for HQ with the linear range of 1–300 µM and 0.49 µM for CT with the corresponding linear range 5–225 µM obtained for the proposed sensor. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was found 0.51 µM and 1.63 µM for HQ and CT, respectively. Modified PTPCNS/GCE exhibited excellent selectivity towards HQ and CT even in presence of 10 folds potential interference. The practical applicability of the proposed sensor was analyzed in tap water sample with an excellent recovery of 98–104% for HQ and 99–102% for CT.
Metal single‐atom‐confined electrocatalysts to water oxidation: Development, innovation, and challenges
Authors: Zhang Ling , Shi Yuhe , Li Lin , Wang Ling , Han Jing Long , Wang Ai Jie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this review, we address the progress of single‐atom‐confined electrocatalysts toward water oxidation in synthetic methods, catalytic mechanisms, and structural analysis. It emphasizes the vital role of special defective structures of transition metal hydroxide/oxide matrix materials in stabilizing the noble metal single atoms and the coordination role of metal single atoms with N, S atoms in a matrix in improving the catalytic activity toward water oxidation. In part 1, the development of single‐atom‐confined electrocatalysts is described. In part 2, noble metal single‐atom‐confined electrocatalysts with transition metal hydroxide/oxide, carbon materials, and noble metal alloy as the supports are detailed. In part 3, transition metal single‐atom‐confined carbon matrix electrocatalysts and transition metal complex composed crystal electrocatalysts are introduced. In part 4, the challenges in synthetic strategy, catalytic activity, and stability of varying metal single atoms catalysts are laid out.
Thermocline vs. two‐tank direct thermal storage system for concentrating solar power plants: A comparative techno‐economic assessment
Authors: Cascetta Mario , Petrollese Mario , Oyekale Joseph , Cau Giorgio 
Published: July 2021

SummaryThis paper concerns the ongoing studies on a Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) plant in operation in Ottana (Italy), comprising a 629 kW organic Rankine cycle (ORC) unit fed by a linear Fresnel solar field. Hexamethyldisiloxane (MM) and “Therminol SP‐I” are used respectively as ORC working fluid and heat transfer fluid in the solar receivers. A two‐tank direct Thermal Energy Storage (TES) system is currently integrated in the CSP plant, serving as a direct interface between solar field and ORC. With the view of improving the solar facility, two alternative TES configurations were proposed in this study: a one‐tank packed‐bed TES system using silica as solid storage media and another similar one including encapsulated phase‐change material (molten salt). Comprehensive mathematical models were developed for simulating daily behaviour as well as for assessing yearly performance of the various TES technologies. Furthermore, a preliminary economic analysis was carried out. Results showed poorer response of the one‐tank TES system to large fluctuations in the ORC inlet fluid temperature, leading to reduction in the mean ORC efficiency (18.2% as against 19.7% obtained with the two‐tank TES). Conversely, higher energy storage density and lower thermal losses were obtained adopting the one‐tank TES, resulting in about 5% more annual solar energy yield. Invariably, equivalent annual ORC energy production of 0.92 GWh/year was obtained for the three TES configurations. Additionally, adopting a one‐tank TES system meant that the purchase costs of a second tank and its storage medium (thermal oil) could be saved, resulting in investment costs about 45% lower and, ultimately, levelized cost of storage about 48% lower than what obtains in the two‐tank TES system.
Challenges in regulating interfacial‐chemistry of the sodium‐metal anode for room‐temperature sodium‐sulfur batteries
Authors: Soni Chhail Bihari , Sungjemmenla  , Vineeth S. K. , Kumar Vipin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPost‐Li ion battery technologies are gaining importance due to their high theoretical energy density and high specific capacity of the electrode materials. Due to fundamental limitations, the existing Li‐ion batteries cannot fulfill rigorous requirements, like cost‐effectiveness and high storage capacities. Room‐temperature sodium‐sulfur battery (RT‐Na/S), in particular, is an emerging candidate with the high theoretical specific capacity of sodium (~1166 mAh/g) and sulfur (~1675 mAh/g) and naturally high abundance of both the electrode materials. Sodium metal, combined with sulfur, is a cheap and energy‐dense option to the existing battery technologies. In recent years, this has garnered much interest in the scientific community due to a wide range of possibilities for altering battery performance. With the invention of the high‐temperature sodium‐sulfur batteries, Na metal‐based chemistries remain in oblivion. However, due to increasing concerns over the safety of high‐temperature sodium‐sulfur batteries, Na metal anode is revived in recent years with the ever‐growing demands for high energy density and improved safety. Despite that current Na metal anode still lacks high‐reversibility, efficiency, and room‐temperature stability due to limited or no control over the interfacial chemistry of the Na metal anode. The electrochemical reduction of Na+ ions is accompanied by the inevitable reduction of organic species, which leads to the growth of the solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) with Na‐deposits. The SEI is inherently unstable due to the localized fluctuations in its chemical and physical properties. A deep understanding of challenges associated with the SEI's localized interfacial chemistry is of prime importance toward developing practical Na metal anodes for RT‐Na/S batteries. This minireview highlights critical challenges in developing a stable Na metal anode and further sheds light on its mechanistic aspects. In addition to that, novel approaches to precisely tune the interphase's physicochemical properties are highlighted to pave path for developing a stable and long‐life Na‐metal anode for RT‐Na/S batteries.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alleviate salinity stress in peanut: Evidence from pot‐grown and field experiments
Authors: Qin Wenjie , Yan Hengyu , Zou Bingyin , Guo Runze , Ci Dunwei , Tang Zhaohui , Zou Xiaoxia , Zhang Xiaojun , Yu Xiaona , Wang Yuefu , Si Tong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species are essential for sustainable agriculture of legume crops; however, the AMF response in legume crops, especially from the perspective of physiological and molecular mechanisms under salinity conditions, is largely unknown. In this study, peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seeds were inoculated with AMF to investigate its salinity stress alleviation effects using the pot‐grown and 2‐year field experiments. Seeds from two peanut cultivars (HY22 and HY25) were inoculated with AMF Rhizophagus irregularis SA and Funneliformis mosseae BEG95 (1:1), and the physiological and transcriptional responses were compared between the AMF‐inoculated and non‐inoculated peanut plants. Under the salinity stress, compared with the control samples, the AMF‐inoculated plants showed higher net photosynthetic rate, leaf relative water content (RWC), plant height, osmolyte accumulation, but lower leaf relative electrolyte conductivity (REC). Also, the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was reduced while the antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (G‐POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were activated. Furthermore, transcriptome data revealed that AMF potentially alleviates salt stress by regulating redox processes, cell wall assembly, cell growth, and other similar processes. In the 2‐year field experiment, AMF‐inoculated peanut seeds of HY22 and HY25 were cultivated in both non‐saline and saline soils. Under salinity conditions, AMF inoculation induced the total protein concentration by 11.11 and 2.32% in kernels and further increased the peanut pod yield by 21.83 and 21.89% in HY22 and HY25, respectively. In non‐saline soil too, AMF increased the peanut pod yield by 11.47 and 23.98% in HY22 and HY25, respectively. Taken together, these results strongly demonstrate that the combination of AMF Rhizophagus irregularis SA and Funneliformis mosseae BEG95 (1:1) can alleviate salinity stress in peanuts by improving plant growth, photosystem, and antioxidant system. Additionally, it increases the peanut pod yield under both normal and salinity conditions.
Dyconnmap: Dynamic connectome mapping—A neuroimaging python module
Authors: Marimpis Avraam D. , Dimitriadis Stavros I. , Goebel Rainer 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDespite recent progress in the analysis of neuroimaging data sets, our comprehension of the main mechanisms and principles which govern human brain cognition and function remains incomplete. Network neuroscience makes substantial efforts to manipulate these challenges and provide real answers. For the last decade, researchers have been modelling brain structure and function via a graph or network that comprises brain regions that are either anatomically connected via tracts or functionally via a more extensive repertoire of functional associations. Network neuroscience is a relatively new multidisciplinary scientific avenue of the study of complex systems by pursuing novel ways to analyze, map, store and model the essential elements and their interactions in complex neurobiological systems, particularly the human brain, the most complex system in nature. Due to a rapid expansion of neuroimaging data sets' size and complexity, it is essential to propose and adopt new empirical tools to track dynamic patterns between neurons and brain areas and create comprehensive maps. In recent years, there is a rapid growth of scientific interest in moving functional neuroimaging analysis beyond simplified group or time‐averaged approaches and sophisticated algorithms that can capture the time‐varying properties of functional connectivity. We describe algorithms and network metrics that can capture the dynamic evolution of functional connectivity under this perspective. We adopt the word ‘chronnectome’ (integration of the Greek word ‘Chronos’, which means time, and connectome) to describe this specific branch of network neuroscience that explores how mutually informed brain activity correlates across time and brain space in a functional way. We also describe how good temporal mining of temporally evolved dynamic functional networks could give rise to the detection of specific brain states over which our brain evolved. This characteristic supports our complex human mind. The temporal evolution of these brain states and well‐known network metrics could give rise to new analytic trends. Functional brain networks could also increase the multi‐faced nature of the dynamic networks revealing complementary information. Finally, we describe a python module (https://github.com/makism/dyconnmap) which accompanies this article and contains a collection of dynamic complex network analytics and measures and demonstrates its great promise for the study of a healthy subject's repeated fMRI scans.
Recreational cannabis laws and opioid‐related emergency department visit rates
Authors: Drake Coleman , Wen Jiebing , Hinde Jesse , Wen Hefei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe opioid epidemic in the United States has accelerated during the COVID‐19 pandemic. As of 2021, roughly a third of Americans now live in a state with a recreational cannabis law (RCL). Recent evidence indicates RCLs could be a harm reduction tool to address the opioid epidemic. Individuals may use cannabis to manage pain, as well as to relieve opioid withdrawal symptoms, though it does not directly treat opioid use disorder. It is thus unclear whether RCLs are an effective policy tool to reduce adverse opioid‐related health outcomes. In this study, we examine the impact of RCLs on a key opioid‐related adverse health outcome: opioid‐related emergency department (ED) visit rates. We estimate event study models using nearly comprehensive ED data from 29 states from 2011 to 2017. We find that RCLs reduce opioid‐related ED visit rates by roughly 7.6% for two quarters after implementation. These effects are driven by men and adults aged 25–44. These effects dissipate after 6 months. Our estimates indicate RCLs did not increase opioid‐related ED visits. We conclude that, while cannabis liberalization may offer some help in curbing the opioid epidemic, it is likely not a panacea.