bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
As another M&A wave begins: three keys to success
Authors: Galpin Timothy J. 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
As the Covid-19 crisis recedes, struggling firms will be bought by bargain hunters and suffering industries will consolidate, giving rise to another wave of M&A transactions. But buyers beware! There is ample evidence that M&A creates significant post-deal performance issues for acquiring “buy-side” firms.

Design/methodology/approach
New research shows that effectively managing three processes of acquisitions can have an outsized beneficial impact on M&A success.

Findings
Recent research has identified three mission-critical tasks that stand out as being vital to creating M&A success: Process 1: Accurately valuing targets. Process 2: Proficiently managing post-merger integration. Process 3: Skillfully addressing the “big-three human factors” of M&A.

Practical implications
Robust talent retention and re-recruitment plans initially entail identifying key talent, defined as individuals and groups who are essential to retain and re-recruit during a transitionary period and those required for long-term value creation.

Originality/value
The articles describes best practices for post-deal M&A activities companies could perform better including operations and technology integration, communication, cultural analysis and integration, talent management and retention, senior leadership involvement and measurement and reporting.
Anisotropic diffusion filtering based on fault confidence measure and stratigraphic coherence coefficients
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhang Junhua , Yang Yong , Du Yushan 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTWe develop an algorithm for seismic data filtering to preserve the boundary information of faults and other geological bodies while suppressing the noise. Based on the theory of anisotropic diffusion filtering, this method explores the relationship between eigenvalues of the structure tensor and local structural features of three‐dimensional seismic images and innovatively introduces the definition of stratigraphic coherence coefficients. Then we propose a new system to design the eigenvalues of the diffusion tensor by using the fault confidence measure and stratigraphic coherence coefficients, which can control the filtering intensity of seismic data in different orientations. The value of fault confidence measure is close to 0 where there are flat continuous reflectors and the intensity of diffusion is strong. On the contrary, the diffusion is very weak within presumptive fault zones. Results of both synthetic model and real data prove that the proposed method can effectively suppress noise, preserve faults well and enhance the continuity of the reflectors, which can provide basic data with high signal‐to‐noise ratio for subsequent seismic interpretation.
Impact économique de la COVID‐19 au Cameroun: Les résultats du modèle SIR‐macro
Authors: Kemajou Njatang Donald 
Published: March 2021

RésuméL'objectif de ce papier est d'analyser l'impact économique de la pandémie de COVID‐19 au Cameroun. Pour ce faire, deux extensions du modèle SIR‐macro proposé par Eichenbaum et al. (2020b) sont utilisées. La première extension inscrit le modèle SIR‐macro dans le cadre néoclassique avec concurrence monopolistique; et la deuxième, dans le cadre néokeynésien avec rigidités nominales des prix à la Calvo (1983). Contrairement aux modèles DSGE ou CGE largement utilisés jusqu'ici pour évaluer l'impact économique de la COVID‐19 dans les économies africaines, ces extensions du modèle SIR‐macro combinent le modèle d'épidémiologie SIR (Suseptibles‐Infectious‐Recovered) de McKendrick and Kermack (1927) et le modèle des Cycles Réels (RBC) afin de prendre en compte les décisions économiques des personnes non‐infectées, infectées et guéries de la maladie comme facteurs explicatifs de la propagation de la pandémie. Pour mieux apprécier l'impact de la pandémie actuelle, cette recherche explore trois scénarios. Les résultats révèlent que, quel que soit le scénario considéré, le choc de la COVID‐19 entrainera une récession de l'économie camerounaise sur deux trimestres consécutifs. Sur cette période, l'ampleur de la récession serait légèrement plus prononcée dans le modèle SIR‐macro néokeynésien que dans le modèle SIR‐macro néoclassique.
Role of Old Boys’ Networks and Regulatory Approaches in Selection Processes for Female Directors
Authors: Allemand Isabelle , Bédard Jean , Brullebaut Bénédicte , Deschênes Jérôme 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study examines the influence of directors’ and CEOs’ networks in the appointment of female directors. Building on social identity theory and social network theory, we argue that since men and women are members of different networks, recruitment practices based on networks prevent women from accessing board positions. We also examine the role of board gender diversity regulation on the influence of networks, hypothesizing that such regulations help in deinstitutionalizing ‘old boys’ networks’, based on institutional theory. Using a sample of 32,819 new board appointments in the largest listed firms of 17 European countries, the USA and Canada, we determine whether new directors are directly linked through employment, board, charities or club memberships, to the incumbent directors or the CEO. We find that the probability that the new director appointed is a woman decreases by approximately 28% when the new director is associated with one of the incumbent directors. We also find that gender diversity regulation reduces the influence of networks in the appointment of female directors. Our results provide archival evidence that board networks hinder the recruitment of female directors and that gender diversity hard and soft laws deinstitutionalize old boys’ networks.
Benefits of intraoperative cholangiogram for acute cholecystitis
Authors: Askari Alan , Riaz Amjid A. , Brittain Rory , Zhou Joel , Irwin Saskia , Talbot Michael 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopic cholecystectomy is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures in general surgery. The utility of intraoperative cholangiogram (IOC) and its role in reducing postoperative complications is as yet unclear. The aim of this study is to determine whether routine use of IOC in non‐elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy is associated with an improvement in outcome.MethodsData were prospectively collected a single dedicated tertiary referral centre. All consecutive adult patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy on a non‐elective basis over a 6‐year period from October 2008 to December 2014 were included in the study. Chi squared analysis and multivariable logistic regression analyses were undertaken to determine the association between IOC and outcomes.ResultsA total of 676 patients underwent non‐elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy over the study period, of whom 51.6% were male and the median age was 51 years old (IQR 37–68). The majority of the study population (84.6%, n = 572/676) underwent an IOC. The overall complication rate was 8.1% (n = 55/676), this was lower in the IOC group (6.1%) compared with the non‐IOC group (19.2%, P < .001). In particular, there was a lower rate of retained stones (1.6% vs 3.8%, P < .001), bleeding (0.0% vs 2.9%, P < .001) and conversion to open surgery (0.7% vs 7.7%, P < .001). Rates of CBD injury (0.0% vs 0.3%, P = .5465) and bile leak were similar across both groups (1.9% vs 0.9%). During multivariable logistic regression analysis, the use of IOC was independently associated with a reduced chance of complications (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.15‐0.50, P < .001) as well as conversion to open (OR 0.11, 95% CI 0.03‐0.37, P < .001).ConclusionIn the context of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, IOC has a significant role to play. Our data show that it can reduce the likelihood of complications, retained stones and the need to convert to an open procedure. However, its routine use at present is difficult to justify given that the current study does not appear to make a difference in the most serious complications such as bile duct injury and bile leak. This study builds on previous work in justifying increased use of IOC during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
A rare subepithelial lesion in the stomach: Gastric adenomyoma
Authors: Abbasov Aykhan , Aslan Ekrem , Ekici Asiye Isin Dogan , Dolay Kemal 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGastric adenomyomas are rare benign tumours and most often localized in the gastric antrum. The tumour generally consists of glandular cells and smooth muscle bundles. The size of a gastric adenomyoma (GA) can be up to 4.5 cm and can affect patients any age of their life. In cases with GA most of the patients are asymptomatic. However, non‐specific gastrointestinal symptoms such as epigastric pain, vomiting and nausea can be seen. Differential diagnosis of GA difficult due to non‐specific radiological and endoscopic findings. Imaging techniques and endoscopic examinations can not distinguish GAs from other intramuscular lesions of the stomach. Surgical excision is used in both diagnosis and treatment. In this article, we present a 46‐year‐old male patient with long‐term dyspeptic complaints admitted to our department and diagnosed as gastric adenomyoma by performing subtotal gastrectomy.
Evaluating Baseflow Simulation in the National Water Model: A Case Study in the Northern High Plains Region, USA
Authors: Karki Ritesh , Krienert Joseph M. , Hong Minki , Steward David R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe National Water Model (NWM) is a high‐resolution hydrological model capable of providing streamflow forecast at 2.7 million reaches across the conterminous United States (U.S.). It utilizes a conceptual (not physically explicit) module for estimating groundwater discharge (baseflow) to streams, and the baseflow module only allows for one‐way flux from the aquifer to the streams, with no interflow between surficial or groundwater catchments. This study evaluated the ability of the NWM to simulate baseflow in different geologic conditions with a case study in the Northern High Plains region. The study also evaluated two alternative formulations for the baseflow module in the NWM with the goal of improving simulated baseflow accuracy. The NWM simulated baseflow more accurately in a clayey catchment than in a sandy catchment. The model, however, over simulated baseflow during storm runoff events and under simulated during low flow events in both catchments. Analysis of groundwater recharge simulation showed that the NWM over simulated groundwater recharge for both catchment types, and reducing groundwater recharge using U.S. Geological Survey Baseflow Indexes improved the model performance for baseflow simulation, especially in the sandy catchment. Evaluation of the alteranative formulations showed that a modified Rorabaugh‐Rutledge formulation was able to improve the baseflow simulation with RMSE of 7.98 m3/s and R2 of 0.41 and also improved the timing of peak flows.
Moral hazard in teams with subjective evaluations
Authors: Cheng Chen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article studies moral hazard in teams where workers' wages depend on two types of performance measures: objective team output and subjective evaluations. The evaluations include both self‐ and peer evaluations. I find that when evaluations become less subjective, workers' wages should be more sensitive not only to their evaluations but also to the team's output. I also show that subjective evaluations should be used in relative terms only when the degree of subjectivity is not too high. The results also associate the introduction of a budget breaker with the level of subjectivity within organizations.
Climate Econometrics: Can the Panel Approach Account for Long‐Run Adaptation?
Authors: Mérel Pierre , Gammans Matthew 
Published: March 2021

The panel approach with fixed effects and nonlinear weather effects has become a popular method to uncover weather impacts on economic outcomes, but its ability to capture long‐run climatic adaptation remains unclear. Building upon a framework proposed by McIntosh and Schlenker (2006), this paper identifies empirical conditions under which the nonlinear panel approach can approximate a long‐run response to climate. When these conditions fail, the obtained relationship may still be interpretable as a weighted average of underlying short‐run and long‐run responses. We use this decomposition to revisit recently published climate impact estimates. For spatially large panels, the estimated temperature–outcome relationship mostly reflects the long‐run climatic response; this is not so for precipitation. We find some evidence of long‐run climatic adaptation for crop yield outcomes in the United States and France.
Fellowship training in robotic colorectal surgery within the current hospital setting: an achievable goal?
Authors: Waters Peadar S. , Flynn Julie , Larach Jose T. , Fernando Diharah , Peacock Oliver , Foster Jake D. , Flood Michael , McCormick Jacob J. , Warrier Satish K. , Heriot Alexander G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough currently limited, the requirement for colorectal trainees to attain skills in robotic surgery is likely to increase due to further utilization of robotic platforms globally. The aim of the study is to describe the training programme utilized and assess outcomes of fellowship training in robotic colorectal surgery.MethodsA structured robotic training programme was generated across a tertiary hospital setting. Review of four prospectively maintained fellow operative logbooks was performed to assess caseload and skill acquisition. Operative and patient‐related outcomes were compared with consultant trainer performed cases. Data were analysed using R with a P < 0.05 considered significant.ResultsThe structured robotic training scheme is a two‐tiered system over a 12‐month period. The trainer‐directed pathway comprised of a robotic console safety course followed by cart‐side assisting, a wet lab animal course, dual‐console accreditation training course and onsite proctoring, prior to becoming an independent console surgeon. Over 2 years, 265 robotic (n = 143 primary/component surgeon) cases were undertaken with fellows A, B, C and D involved in 63, 77, 75 and 50 robotic colorectal cases, respectively. Individual learning curves revealed independent procedure competency at cases 11, 14, 15 and 12, respectively, for robotic anterior resection. There was no significant difference observed in operative time (P = 0.39), blood loss (P = 0.41), lymph node harvest (P = 0.35), conversion rates (2% versus 4%), anastomotic leaks (1% versus 3%) and R0 resection rates (100% versus 98% colonic, 96% versus 96% rectal, P = 0.48) between surgical fellows and consultant trainers. Clavien‐Dindo(III‐IV) complications were similar (10% versus 6%,P = 0.25) with no mortalities encountered.ConclusionIt is feasible and safe to train fellows in robotic colorectal surgery without compromise of operative‐ and patient‐related outcomes.
Recurrent pneumothorax following chest tube removal in thoracic stab wounds: a comparative study between end inspiratory versus end expiratory removal techniques at a major trauma centre in South Africa
Authors: Kong Victor , Cheung Cynthia , Rajaretnam Nigel , Sarvepalli Rohit , Weale Ross , Varghese Chris , Xu William , Clarke Damian L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundTube thoracostomy (TT) insertion is a commonly performed procedure in trauma that is standardised, but the optimal removal technique based on the timing in relation to the respiratory cycle remains controversial.MethodsA prospective study was undertaken at a major trauma centre in South Africa over a 4‐year period from January 2010 to December 2013, and included all patients with pneumothorax secondary to thoracic stab wounds. TTs were removed by either end of inspiration technique (EIT) or end of expiration (EET) technique and the rate of recurrent pneumothorax (RPTX) following removal was compared. We hypothesized that there is no difference in the rate of RPTX between the end inspiratory (EI) and end expiratory (EE) removal technique.ResultsA total 347 patients were included. Of the 184 TTs removed by EIT, there were 17 (9%) RPTXs. Of the 163 with EET, there were 11 RPTXs (7%), (9% versus 7%, chi‐squared, P = 0.395). Of the total 28 (9%) patients with RPTXs following removal of chest tubes, two (7%) required reinsertion of chest tube (0.5% (1/184) in EIT and 0.6% (1/163) in EET, P = 0.747).ConclusionsTiming of TT removal in relation to the respiratory cycle does not appear to influence the incidence of RPTX in patients with thoracic stab wounds. Technique of removal may well be a more important consideration and more attention must be focused on refining the optimal technique.
Modeling dynamic correlation in zero‐inflated bivariate count data with applications to single‐cell RNA sequencing data
Authors: Yang Zhen , Ho Yen‐Yi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractInteractions between biological molecules in a cell are tightly coordinated and often highly dynamic. As a result of these varying signaling activities, changes in gene coexpression patterns could often be observed. The advancements in next‐generation sequencing technologies bring new statistical challenges for studying these dynamic changes of gene coexpression. In recent years, methods have been developed to examine genomic information from individual cells. Single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) data are count‐based, and often exhibit characteristics such as overdispersion and zero inflation. To explore the dynamic dependence structure in scRNA‐seq data and other zero‐inflated count data, new approaches are needed. In this paper, we consider overdispersion and zero inflation in count outcomes and propose a ZEro‐inflated negative binomial dynamic COrrelation model (ZENCO). The observed count data are modeled as a mixture of two components: success amplifications and dropout events in ZENCO. A latent variable is incorporated into ZENCO to model the covariate‐dependent correlation structure. We conduct simulation studies to evaluate the performance of our proposed method and to compare it with existing approaches. We also illustrate the implementation of our proposed approach using scRNA‐seq data from a study of minimal residual disease in melanoma.
The Black–White wage gap among young men in 1990 versus 2011: With sample selection adjustments
Authors: Richey Jeremiah , Tromp Nikolas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper uses unconditional quantile regressions to decompose changes in the black–white wage gap for young men between 1990 and 2011. Introducing a new application of reweighting methods, we control for selection into employment which tends to widen the gap. We find no changes in the gap itself between 1990 and 2011, but reversals in the roles of ability and education across the distribution. Ability loses importance at the bottom and middle but gains importance at the top, while the opposite occurs for education. This results from heterogeneous changes in returns to ability and education across the distribution alongside a widening educational achievement gap.
Presentation and outcomes of adrenal ganglioneuromas: A cohort study and a systematic review of literature
Authors: Dages Kelley N. , Kohlenberg Jacob D. , Young William F. , Murad Mohammad Hassan , Prokop Larry , Rivera Michael , Dy Benzon , Foster Trenton , Lyden Melanie , McKenzie Travis , Thompson Geoffrey , Bancos Irina 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the presentation and outcomes of patients with adrenal ganglioneuromas (AGNs).DesignSingle‐centre retrospective cohort study (1 January 1995 to 31 December 2019) and systematic review of literature (1 January 1980 to 19 November 2019).PatientsDiagnosed with histologically confirmed AGN.MeasurementsBaseline clinical, imaging and biochemical characteristics, recurrence rates and mortality. Subgroup analysis was performed on tumours with histologic elements of ganglioneuroma and pheochromocytoma (ie composite tumours).ResultsThe cohort study included 45 patients with AGN, 20 (44%) of which had composite tumours. Compared to pure AGN, patients with composite tumour were older (median age, 62.5 vs. 35 years, p < .001), had smaller tumours (median size, 3.9 vs. 5.7 cm, p = .016) and were discovered incidentally less frequently (65% vs. 84%, p = .009). No recurrences or ganglioneuroma‐specific mortality occurred during follow‐up (range, 0–266 months). The systematic review included 14 additional studies and 421 patients. The mean age of diagnosis was 39 years, and 47% were women. AGNs were discovered incidentally in 72% of patients, were predominantly unilateral (99%) and had a mean diameter of 5.8 cm and an unenhanced computed tomography (CT) attenuation of −118 to 49 Hounsfield units (HU). On imaging, 69% of AGNs were homogenous, 41% demonstrated calcifications, and 40% were lobulated.ConclusionsAGNs are rare benign tumours that present with variable imaging features including large size, unenhanced CT attenuation >20 HU, calcifications and lobulated shape. Imaging characteristics can assist in establishing a diagnosis and avoiding an unnecessary adrenalectomy. The association of pheochromocytomas with AGNs is frequent. Diagnosis should include biochemical testing.
In vivo reflectance confocal microscopic imaging of Leishmania amastigotes (Leishman bodies): A case report
Authors: Yaman Banu , Karaarslan Işıl , Akalın Taner , Özdemir Fezal 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an intracellular parasitic infectious skin disease with a chronic self‐limited course. In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) findings in CL have been described in only two cases of CL. We report another case with RCM findings; however to our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of Leishmania amastigotes in RCM imaging. A centrally eroded reddish nodular lesion with a diameter of 12 mm was observed on the leg of a 36‐years‐old male with a 1‐month history. On dermoscopy, a central yellowish crust, and irregularly distributed whitish opaque structures ranging in size and shape (round to polygonal) were observed. There were also irregular vessels mostly at the center and dotted/glomerular vessels at the periphery. On RCM, mild epidermal disarray with some scattered bright cells at the basal layer was observed. At the dermis, dense infiltration of polymorphic/roundish cells with heterogeneous reflectivity was seen. These large, mildly reflecting cells with fine granular structures in their cytoplasm were compatible with macrophages. Histopathology was concordant with CL. The Leishmania amastigotes seen as cytoplasmic granularity on RCM were the clue feature for the initial diagnosis.