bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experience and Perception of Virtual Clinical Conferencing During COVID-19 Pandemic by Doctors at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu, Nigeria
Authors: Dim Cyril Chukwudi , Nnagbo Johnpaul Ejikeme , Nwosu Ekeoma O , Ugwu Emmanuel Onyebuchi , Onodugo Obinna Donatus 
Published: October 2021

Background:
The first wave of the COVID-19 outbreak resulted in the restriction of physical meetings/gatherings worldwide as part of disease preventive measures. This restriction affected formal teaching and learning globally, including medical residency training programs in Nigeria. To sustain educational meetings during the COVID-19 disease outbreak, the Postgraduate Studies unit of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) Enugu, Nigeria, directed all clinical departments of the hospital to switch from physical meetings to virtual video conferencing (VVC).

Aim:
To determine the experience and perception of VVC during COVID-19 by resident doctors and their consultants in UNTH Enugu, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
Questionnaires were administered to 220 consenting medical doctors randomly selected from the population of resident doctors (trainees) and Consultants (trainers) at the UNTH, Enugu, Nigeria. The data were collected by an online generated Google form (self-administered questionnaire), some of which were printed and self-administered. Data analysis was done with SPSS version 20.0.

Results:
Out of 220 participants, 202 participants filled the questionnaires appropriately and were analyzed. Of the participants, 196 (97.0%) participated in VVC since COVID-19. Only 107 (54.6%) agreed they were satisfied while 89 (45.4%) were not satisfied. Only 108 (55.1%) respondents agreed that they preferred virtual meetings over physical meetings. A majority of respondents (79.1%, 155/196) preferred physical meetings over virtual meetings. The most common reason for preferring VVC over the physical meeting is its convenience, whereas in the converse, the commonest reason is its ability to cover all the academic programs.

Conclusion:
There is an improved participation level in academic residency programs by residents and consultants since the introduction of VVC, during the COVID-19 pandemic at UNTH Enugu.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Preventive Measures Against COVID-19 among Pregnant Women Receiving Antenatal Care in Calabar, Nigeria
Authors: Omoronyia Ezukwa Ezukwa , Eyong Edu , Omoronyia Ogban Ezukwa , Akpan Ubong , Arogundade Kazzeem , Ekanem Etim Inyang 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Implementation of preventive precautions remains the most important measure in the control of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infection. This study was aimed at evaluating the extent of knowledge, attitude, and practice of COVID-19 prevention among pregnant women in Calabar, Nigeria.

Methodology:
Cross-sectional descriptive design and systematic random sampling method were utilized to recruit antenatal care clinic attendees, in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria. Study variables were assessed using structured questionnaires. Information was entered and analyzed with SPSS version 21.0. A percentage knowledge score of at least 75% was considered satisfactory. P-value was set at 0.05.

Result:
Two hundred and eighty-four women were studied and the mean age was 30.6 ± 5.0 years. Approximately half of the women (51.4%) were within the third trimester of pregnancy. The mean percentage knowledge score was 71.7% ±17.2%, and the overall level of knowledge was unsatisfactory in 43.3% of respondents. Most women agreed with the reality of existence of COVID-19 infection (90.1%), and 30.6% were of the opinion that the pandemic could be eradicated by prayers alone. Most women practised preventive measures including the use of face mask (89.1%), social distancing (84.2%), and regular handwashing (94.4%). There was a significantly higher mean total knowledge score as well as knowledge of preventive measures among users compared with non-users of face mask, and regular subjects were compared with non-regular subjects with regards to their handwashing practice (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Familiarity with COVID-19 prevention among pregnant women in the study context is suboptimal. There is a need to improve maternal health education provided during antenatal care visits, toward addressing misconceptions related to the pandemic.
Lipid Profile in Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Olabumuyi Adeniyi Adedayo , Abdus-Salam Abbas Adesina , Ogunnorin Babatunde Olutoye , Kuti Modupe Akinrele 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Breast cancer, the leading malignancy among women in Nigeria in terms of incidence and mortality, contributes a greater proportion of cancer burden compared with other cancers in Nigeria. A need to further identify and modify risk factors of breast cancer is necessary to apply preventive medicine and decrease its disease burden. Serum lipid profile is an objective index of fat metabolism, but its relationship with breast cancer is yet to be extensively investigated in our environment.

Aim:
To explore the relationship of serum lipid profile with breast cancer in the University College Hospital, Ibadan.

Methods:
The anthropometry, body fat percentage and lipid profile of 70 patients with breast cancer and 71 age-matched controls were studied.

Statistical Analysis:
Differences in the mean values of the lipid profile parameters were tested for significance using the Student's t-test and Mann–Whitney U test.

Results:
The breast cancer patients had statistically significantly higher serum triglyceride (TG) and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.001). This was also an independent risk factor with multivariate analysis. Demonstrating the odds of breast cancer rose by 5.1% (odds ratio = 1.051, P < 0.001) with each 1 mg/dl rise in serum TG.

Conclusion:
There is potential for serum TG to be utilized as a marker of breast cancer. However, this needs to be determined by more elaborate studies.
Helicobacter Pylori Infection a Risk for Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases among Patients in North Central Nigeria
Authors: Zawaya Kefas P , Dunga Jacob A , Adamu Yakubu , Bathnna Sule J , Liman Haruna U , Musa Jafiada J , Yusuf Sulaiman Y , Vakkai Innocent , Adabe Ruth , Okeke E N , Agaba E I 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Since the discovery of the Upper Gastrointestinal (UGI) fiber optic endoscope machine in 1868 and following the discovery of Helicobacter pylori (H- Pylori) infection and its association with most gastroduodenal diseases in 1983 by Robin Warren and Barry Marshal, Our knowledge of diagnosis and treatment of most UGI diseases has significantly improved.

Aim:
The study aimed to establish the presence of H. pylori as a risk factor for common UGI disease as confirmed by UGI endoscopy and the pattern of findings in UGI endoscopy.

Methodology:
This study is a descriptive cross-sectional study that was carried out at the Endoscopy Unit of Jos University Teaching Hospital. A total of 260 patients referred for UGI endoscopy from August 2013 to April 2014 were recruited and investigated for H. pylori from the biopsy specimens taken during UGI endoscopy. The diagnosis of H. pylori was made by histology.

Result:
A total of 260 patients were studied, 159 (61.2%) males and 101 (38.8%) females. H. pylori were present in 169 (65%) and absent in 91 (35%). More females had H. pylori compared to males (67.3% and 63.5%). The common endoscopic findings were present in the stomach. Gastritis 57 (21.9%) was the most common abnormality seen in the stomach, while gastroesophageal reflux disease was the most commonly seen in the esophagus and duodenal ulcer in the duodenum.

Conclusion:
There is a positive correlation between H. pylori infection with endoscopic abnormalities seen among patients.
Contraction Techniques Adopted for Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercise Education by Nigeria-based Physiotherapists
Authors: Ojukwu Chidiebele Petronilla , Orji Precious Chidiebere , Ede Stephen Sunday , Ezeigwe Anne , Uchenwoke Chigozie Ikenna , Anekwu Emelie , Igwe Sylvester Emeka 
Published: October 2021

Objective:
The objective of the study is to investigate contraction techniques adopted for pelvic floor muscle (PFM) exercise education and their perceived efficacies among physiotherapists in Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
Two hundred and eight conveniently selected physiotherapists in various clinical specialties, working in different hospitals across Nigeria, responded to a structured questionnaire that investigated contraction techniques adopted for PFM exercise education and their perceived efficacies. The data was analyzed with the SPSS software version 20.0 at P = 0.5.

Results:
111 male and 97 female physiotherapists (mean age of 34.2 ± 10.3 years) participated in this study. “Imagination of urinating and suddenly interrupting urine flow” (85.9%) and “gripping of therapist's fingers or vaginal electrodes with the vagina” (44.6%) were the commonly utilized contraction techniques. “Imagination of urinating and suddenly interrupting urine flow” (28.8%) and “imagination of gripping the penis with the vagina” (26.4%) were perceived as the most effective methods by the physiotherapists while “imagination of releasing flatus while attempting to obscure its sound” (0.96%) emerged as the least effective methods.

Conclusion:
“Imagination of urinating and suddenly interrupting urine flow” is the most common contraction technique utilized for PFM education by Nigerian physiotherapists as well as the perceived most effective method, as compared to others.
Association between Anxiety, Alcohol, Poly-Tobacco use and Waterpipe Smoking
Authors: Erinoso Olufemi , Oyapero Afolabi , Osoba Moyosoore , Amure Mary , Osibogun Olatokunbo , Wright Kikelomo , Osibogun Akin 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Waterpipe smoking (WPS) has been reported to have a wide range of damaging health effects on pulmonary and cardiovascular systems. Studies suggest that waterpipe tobacco smoking is associated with reduced harm perceptions, mental health problems and the use of psychoactive substances. We investigate the patterns of use and the association of WPS with anxiety, poly-tobacco and alcohol use in Lagos, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study design was used to assess the data from 818 adolescents and adults in Lagos State, Nigeria. An online questionnaire obtained demographic information, waterpipe, e-cigarette, alcohol and other tobacco product use from respondents. Anxiety was assessed using the validated Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7-point scale. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with waterpipe ever-use. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
The mean (standard deviation) age of respondents was 23.43 (±3.96), over half were female (55.2%) and a majority had a college diploma or more (88.59%). Among study participants, 18.58% reported waterpipe ever-use. Among ever waterpipe users, 17.33% reported current use (past 30-days), with a majority having smoked waterpipe in a bar or pub. Alcohol use (P < 0.001), e-cigarette ever-use (P: 0.010) and poly-tobacco ever-use (P: 0.030) were significantly associated with higher odds of waterpipe use in the multivariate regression model. Further, there was a lower likelihood of waterpipe ever-use in the bivariate regression model among respondents with mild and moderate to severe anxiety levels than those with normal anxiety levels (P: 0.030); however, this association was no longer significant in the adjusted model.

Conclusions:
Our findings suggest a relatively high prevalence of WPS in Lagos, Nigeria. Concurrent alcohol consumption, e-cigarette and poly-tobacco use are associated with WPS, and most waterpipe smokers have normal anxiety levels. The Nigerian Government should consider surveillance measures for WPS and a more comprehensive smoke-free policy.
The Value and Interpretation of Race and Ethnicity Data in the Era of Global Migration: A Change Is in Order
Authors: Erayil Serin Edwin , Smith M. Kumi , Gebreslasse Tsige , Walker Patricia F. , Mann Erin M. , Wilkins Syreeta , Stauffer William M. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT.
Human migration and travel are leading to increasingly diverse populations throughout the world. Data collection practices need to adapt to these changes to expand our understanding of health disparities and to optimize the efforts to address health equity, particularly during public health emergencies such as the current COVID-19 pandemic. Race and ethnicity classifications in the United States have failed to evolve since the 1970s despite an increasingly diverse population. Current commonly collected categories are inadequate to accurately describe the economic, educational, and sociopolitical circumstances of different groups. Further, these categories lend little practical information to inform health policy. More predictive and actionable variables should be routinely collected to improve appropriateness and timeliness of health interventions. The immediate adoption of the collection of primary/preferred language and country of birth/origin by public health organizations, health systems, and clinical providers would be a concrete and valuable first step.
Limited Sensitivity of a Rapid SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Detection Assay for Surveillance of Asymptomatic Individuals in Thailand
Authors: Mungomklang Anek , Trichaisri Nichapa , Jirachewee Jittima , Sukprasert Jaravee , Tulalamba Warut , Viprakasit Vip 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT.
COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and is a global pandemic. Therefore, rapid and accurate tests for SARS-CoV-2 screening are urgently needed to expedite disease prevention and control especially in community transmission. Since late December 2020, Thailand has faced a new wave of COVID-19 outbreaks. The Thai National Disease Control program at the Ministry of Public Health has identified suitable measure for mass screening. A SARS-CoV-2 antigen-based assay is a surveillance option for active cases. Here, we evaluated the feasibility and test performance of a rapid SARS-CoV-2 antigen test during our field activities in 1,100 asymptomatic individuals in Samut Sakhon, Thailand, during the second wave COVID-19 outbreak (December 26–30, 2020). The results showed that the rapid antigen test had a sensitivity of 47.97% (95% CI: 36.10–59.96%) and a specificity of 99.71% (95% CI: 99.15–99.94%) versus standard reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The rapid test performed better in cases with higher viral loads determined by the cycle threshold value. In real-world setting, the test performance can be compromised by several factors including viral loads, logistic chains, temperature, technical expertise of the operators, validity, and accuracy of the testing itself. Our study highlights a prerequisite for reevaluation of any given testing before implementing it at the national level.
Compassionate Leadership: Essential for the Future of Tropical Medicine and Global Health
Authors: Harrel Evan , Berland Laura , Jacobson Julie , Addiss David G. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT.
Compassion—the awareness of suffering coupled with the desire to relieve that suffering—is an evolved human capacity that offers significant benefits for individuals and organizations. While the relief of suffering is central to tropical medicine and global health, compassion is more often assumed than explicit. Global health leaders participating in a compassionate leadership program recently reported that the most common personal barriers to compassionate leadership include inability to regulate workload, perfectionism, and lack of self-compassion; while the most common external challenges include excessive work-related demands, the legacy of colonialism, and the lack of knowledge on how to lead with compassion. These barriers can be surmounted. Within organizations, leaders are the primary shapers of compassionate cultures. Now is the time to bring our core compassionate values to bear in addressing the “unfinished business” of ensuring global health equity and deconstructing colonialist structures in global health and tropical medicine. Compassionate leadership offers us tools to complete this unfinished business.
Relative Burdens of the COVID-19, Malaria, Tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS Epidemics in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Bell David , Schultz Hansen Kristian 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT.
COVID-19 has had considerable global impact; however, in sub-Saharan Africa, it is one of several infectious disease priorities. Prioritization is normally guided by disease burden, but the highly age-dependent nature of COVID-19 and that of other infectious diseases make comparisons challenging unless considered through metrics that incorporate life-years lost and time lived with adverse health. Therefore, we compared the 2020 mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) lost estimates for malaria, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan African populations with more than 12 months of COVID-19 burden (until the end of March 2021) by applying known age-related mortality to United Nations estimates of the age structure. We further compared exacerbations of disease burden predicted from the COVID-19 public health response. Data were derived from public sources and predicted exacerbations were derived from those published by international agencies. For sub-Saharan African populations north of South Africa, the estimated recorded COVID-19 DALYs lost in 2020 were 3.7%, 2.3%, and 2.4% of those for tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, and malaria, respectively. Predicted exacerbations of these diseases were greater than the estimated COVID-19 burden. Including South Africa and Lesotho, COVID-19 DALYs lost were < 12% of those for other compared diseases; furthermore, the mortality of compared diseases were dominant in all age groups younger than 65 years. This analysis suggests the relatively low impact of COVID-19. Although all four epidemics continue, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, and malaria remain far greater health priorities based on their disease burdens. Therefore, resource diversion to COVID-19 poses a high risk of increasing the overall disease burden and causing net harm, thereby further increasing global inequities in health and life expectancy.
Examining the Relations between Emotions, Motivation, Classroom Engagement and Achievement in Mathematics
Authors: Alpaslan Muhammet Mustafa , Ulubey Ozgur 
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this correlational research was to examine the relationship between achievement emotions, motivation, and classroom engagement in mathematics among Turkish middle school students, and to determine how these three variables predicted academic achievement in mathematics. 549 seventh grade students in a province located in the south-west region of Turkey participated in the study. Relations among variables were examined by utilizing structural equation modeling. Results of this study provided evidence for the theoretical model that explained the relations between achievement emotions, motivation and classroom engagement and their contributions to a significant amount of mathematic achievement in Turkish contexts. In addition, it was found that the contributions of achievement emotions to engagement depend on whether they were activity- and outcome-focused or deactivating and activating emotions.
Model Pembelajaran dan Implementasi Pendidikan Multikultural Dalam Pendidikan Islam dan Nasional
Authors: Sopiansyah Deni , Erihardiana Mohamad 
Published: October 2021

Deni Sopiansyah1, M Erihardiana2.
In the world of education, there are negative impacts caused by the development of multicultural education for Indonesia's young generation, ranging from radicalism, discrimination, the loss of local culture, brawls to criminal acts from social media and the real world resulting from a lack of understanding of multicultural education in the current era. Therefore, it is important to understand the importance of understanding multicultural education for the younger generation, because in the era of change, one of the competencies needed in the world of education is the ability of the younger generation to solve problems (problem solving). This research method uses qualitative methods with a library research approach. The result of this research is, by cultivating the right multicultural education, it will produce a young generation in an era that is creative, innovative, and a generation with character, integrity and upholding tolerance according to the national identity of the Indonesian nation. With this research, it is expected to be able to contribute knowledge about the importance of multicultural education in the process of Islamic and national education
Konsep dan Implementasi Kurikulum MBKM (Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka)
Authors: Sopiansyah Deni , Masruroh Siti 
Published: October 2021

The objective of the Independent Learning Campus policy is to encourage students to master various fields of science with their fields of expertise, so that they are ready to compete in the global world. This policy provides an opportunity for students to choose the courses they will take based on their own wishes. The implementation of the Independent Learning Policy on the Independent Campus encourages the learning process in higher education to be more autonomous and flexible. Education always strives for the creation of students who always make updates for the sake of renewal at all times. Not only able to be highly educated but able to become agents of change in small and large scope. From the changes and innovations produced, they are able to provide maximum contribution to the progress of a nation that has quality human resources. In writing this paper, the author uses a qualitative research method using a library approach. According to Kirk and Miller.
Uniting the Nation- Rethinking Adversity of the Poor
Authors: Yu Qiyang , Vignolini Joseph 
Published: October 2021

A root cause of today’s social tensions and divisions rest with poverty. Studies suggest that that individuals who grow up in poverty-stricken families are much more likely to be in poverty during their early adulthood, and the poverty rate in African American children is astoundingly high. This paper adopts data science approaches to identify drivers behind childhood poverty in the United States, and finds that these factors tend to reinforce each other and go hand in hand with poverty. Specifically, common factors are found to be driving childhood poverty, a weak healthcare system, inadequate education resources, lack of public safety infrastructure and insufficient job opportunities.
The current social safeguard framework, supported by both the government and private institutions, appears fragmented and lacks the necessary alignment across healthcare, education, public safety and job creation. The study shows that barring a systematic approach to address the drivers of childhood poverty, the poverty problem is unlikely to be fundamentally addressed. Building on these findings, the paper calls for a number of mutually coherent policies, including introducing a more effective financing scheme for the children in poverty, creating an enabling job market environment for the poor, reforming the funding pattern of schools, creating a safe environment for all children, and enhancing health services for those living in poverty.