bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Planning Horizon for Movement Sequences
Authors: Ariani Giacomo , Kordjazi Neda , Pruszynski J. Andrew , Diedrichsen Jörn 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWhen performing a long chain of actions in rapid sequence, future movements need to be planned concurrently with ongoing action. However, how far ahead we plan, and whether this ability improves with practice, is currently unknown. Here, we designed an experiment in which healthy volunteers produced sequences of 14 finger presses quickly and accurately on a keyboard in response to numerical stimuli. On every trial, participants were only shown a fixed number of stimuli ahead of the current keypress. The size of this viewing window varied between 1 (next digit revealed with the pressing of the current key) and 14 (full view of the sequence). Participants practiced the task for 5 days, and their performance was continuously assessed on random sequences. Our results indicate that participants used the available visual information to plan multiple actions into the future, but that the planning horizon was limited: receiving information about more than three movements ahead did not result in faster sequence production. Over the course of practice, we found larger performance improvements for larger viewing windows and an expansion of the planning horizon. These findings suggest that the ability to plan future responses during ongoing movement constitutes an important aspect of skillful movement. Based on the results, we propose a framework to investigate the neuronal processes underlying simultaneous planning and execution.
Hypoglycemia after bariatric surgery: importance of exhaustive hormonal study
Authors: Perez-Montes de Oca Alejandra , Pellitero Silvia , Puig-Domingo Manel 
Published: March 2021

Summary
Hypoglycemia is an uncommon clinical problem in non-diabetic patients or patients not being treated for diabetes mellitus. It is a rare, but well-established complication of bariatric surgery and, in some cases, it can be the only symptom of another medical problem. A 50-year-old woman with a history of partially recovered hypopituitarism after transsphenoidal surgery for a non-functioning pituitary macroadenoma complained about symptomatic hypoglycemia after sleeve gastrectomy surgery. Our initial studies failed to determine the cause for these episodes and treatment with acarbose (suspecting a dumping syndrome) was not helpful. Finally, laboratory findings revealed growth hormone (GH) deficiency. The patient received treatment with GH, with the resolution of symptoms after 3 months of treatment. Our case suggests that all causes of hypoglycemia should be considered and studied after bariatric surgery. An improvement in insulin-resistance following bariatric surgery can trigger clinical manifestations of GH deficiency.

Learning points:

Postprandial hypoglycemia after bariatric surgery is usually due to dumping syndrome.

Even after bariatric surgery, all causes of hypoglycemia should be considered and studied.

After significant weight loss, insulin sensitivity is usually restored and can trigger clinical manifestations of GH deficiency.

Hypoglycemia is a rare symptom of GH deficiency.
FEITOS ESTILIZADOS DO PATRÓN DE INVESTIMENTO NA ECONOMÍA ESPAÑOLA, 1981-2013
Authors: Cárdenas del Rey Luis 
Published: March 2021

O obxecto principal deste traballo é presentar un conxunto de feitos estilizados sobre opatrón de investimento que amosou a economía española nas derradeiras décadas. Arealización deste tipo de análise é relevante como punto de partida para posterioresestudos sobre o investimento en España, especialmente pola importancia central que teno investimento no crecemento económico. Utilízanse os datos da base BBVA-IVIE pero cunenfoque metodolóxico distinto, máis achegado ás categorías do BEA estadounidense.Grazas a isto, neste traballo apórtase nova evidencia sobre os trazos característicos dopatrón de capitalización, dos que os máis interesantes son: i) Existiu unha “aceleración” nocrecemento entre os dous ciclos expansivos; ii) A nivel de composición técnica, oinvestimento en equipamentos é o que amosou un maior dinamismo; iii) a nivel deaxentes investidores, o investimento corporativo tivo unha gran constancia no seucrecemento, véndose complementado polo “relevo” dos outros axentes, é dicir, oinvestimento das AA.PP: creceu máis no primeiro ciclo expansivo (1981-1993) e oinvestimento dos fogares no segundo (1994-2007), e iv) a nivel sectorial o investimentoconcentrouse en sectores con maior dinamismo en creación de emprego, sendoparadigmático o caso do sector da construción. The main aim of this report is to introduce a set of stylized facts about the investment patterndisplayed by the Spanish economy in the past decades. This type of analysis is relevant as astarting point for further studies on investment in Spain, especially given the importance ofinvestment in economic growth. Information from the BBVA-IVIE database has been used witha different methodological approach, closer to the categories of the American BEA. As a result,new evidence is exposed along with the characteristics of the capitalization pattern, of whichthe most interesting ones are the following: (i) There was an "acceleration" in growth betweenboth expansive cycles. (ii) As far as technical composition is concerned, investment inequipment is the one that has been more dynamic. (iii) From the agent investment point of view,business capitalization has been hugely consistent with growth, being complemented by the"relay" of the other two agents, i.e., the government investment in the first expansionary cycle(1981-1993) and household investment in the second (1994-2007). (iv) At a sectoral level,investment has been concentrated in industries with greater dynamism in terms of job creationand, in this sense, the building industry is paradigmatic.
O CAPITAL SOCIAL NO DESENVOLVEMENTO LOCAL COMUNITARIO. UN ESTUDO EN COMUNIDADES RURAIS DE BOLIVIA
Authors: Ayaviri Nina Dante , Quispe Fernández Gabith Miriam , Borja Lombeida María Eugenia 
Published: March 2021

rurais e o seu desenvolvemento local, dadas as potencialidades e recursos existentes nosterritorios. A metodoloxía aplicada é a partir da revisión teórica interpretativa dasdiversas formulacións e as dimensións do capital social neste eido. O estudo identifica ásredes como un elemento destacable no substrato do tecido asociativo para odesenvolvemento local, as organizacións comunitarias, como formas de ralacionamentofortalecidas como principio de xestión colectiva e cooperación, e, por último, a confianzacara ás organizacións nas súas actuacións e intervencións nos procesos dedesenvolvemento comunitario, onde os actores locais xogan un papel relevante nosprocesos de desenvolvemento local das comunidades rurais. Así, o estudo conclúe facendoespecial énfase nas dimensións como mecanismos e elementos que determinan odesenvolvemento local baseados na construción de relacións no capital social e odesenvolvemento local comunitario. The research studies the dimensions of social capital in the context of rural communitiesand their local development, given the potential and resources in the territories. Theapplied methodology is based on the theoretical revision of the different approaches andthe dimensions of social capital in this area. The study identifies networks as a prominentelement in the substrate of the associative fabric for local development, communityorganizations, with strengthened relationships as a principle of collective managementand cooperation, and finally, the trust in organizations, in their actions and interventionsin community development processes, where local actors play a relevant role in the localdevelopment processes of rural communities. Thus, the study concludes with a specialemphasis on dimensions as mechanisms and elements that determine local developmentbased on building relationships in social capital and local community development.
Comparación con grafos de programas de pregrado de estudio en informática del Perú
Authors: Revata Jorge L. Alvarado 
Published: March 2021

La educación en informática en el Perú recibe distintos nombres y distintas orientaciones según el lugar de origen de la profesión. Independiente de eso, cada propuesta tiene curriculas, áreas de conocimientos, competencias y perfiles profesionales que establecen una oferta variada y adaptada al sistema económico del país.
El presente estudio plantea un acercamiento cuantitativo para identificar semejanzas y diferencias entre planes de estudio de esta oferta educativa. El proyecto incorpora el modelamiento en grafos para convertir los planes de estudio o las guías internacionales en modelos que nos permita estudiarlas en ese contexto. Una vez modelado como grafo un plan o referente internacional podremos estudiar ciertas propiedades y con ello tener un mejor entendimiento del desarrollo de las escuelas peruanas. De modo que podemos evaluar medidas de acercamiento con estos referentes o entre propuestas educativas.
Evolution of views and modern concepts of the state of the hemostasis system in liver cirrhosis
Authors: Aliyev S. A. , Aliyev E. S. 
Published: March 2021

Aim. To study the state of individual elements of the hemostasis system in liver cirrhosis according to modern literature.Summary. The review presents an analysis of literature data covering the state of the homeostasis system in liver cirrhosis. The pathophysiological and pathogenetic mechanisms that underlie the disorders that occur in various parts of the hemostatic system in this pathology are described in a polemical style. Literature data concerning a relatively littlestudied aspect of cirrhosis – hypercoagulation are analyzed. From the standpoint of modern concepts and taking into account the peculiarities of hemostasis disorders, the pathogenetic significance of the vascular endothelium and endothelial dysfunction is postulated. As well as the role of inflammatory mediators in the development of coagulopathy and intravascular coagulation syndrome in patients with cirrhosis of the liver.
Simultaneous surgery for synchronous liver metastases of colorectal cancer: analysis of survival and negative prognosis factors
Authors: Solodkiy V. A. , Akhaladze G. G. , Grebenkin E. N. , Goncharov S. V. , Stanojevic U. S. , Ivanova O. A. 
Published: March 2021

Aim. To improve the surgical treatment results among patients with synchronous liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. Materials and methods. From 2012 to 2019, the analysis of the results of treatment of 60 patients with colorectal cancer and synchronous metastatic liver disease was carried out. The study sample was divided into 2 groups of patients. The group 1 consisted of 30 patients who got simultaneous resection of liver metastases and primary colorectal cancer. The group 2 consisted of other 30 patients who got stage resections: surgery for the primary tumor at the first stage, and liver surgery for metastases at the second.Results. The median operative time was 340 ± 21.1 minutes in the group 1. In the group 2 it was 255 ± 21.1 minutes and only the liver resection stage was assessed. The median blood loss in patients of the group 1 was 520,0 [200,0;800,1] ml, in the group 2 it was 500,0 [175,0;1300,0] ml. In general, we identified 5 cases of complications. In the postoperative period, 4 patients died. The average follow-up period is 23 months. One-year survival in group 1 was 92.6%, in group 2 – 100%, three-year – 85.2% and 89.6%. One-year disease-free survival in group 1 is 70%, in group 2 – 83.3%, three-year disease-free survival – 43.3% and 36.7%.Overall and disease-free survival rates didn’t differ significantly between the two treatment strategies. We detected significant effect on the disease-free and overall survival of regional lymph nodes metastasis (both p < 0.05).Conclusion. The long-term and immediate results of simultaneous surgery of synchronous liver metastasis of colorectal cancer are comparable to the results of the staged method of treatment. It indicates the safety and effectiveness of simultaneous procedure.
ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ МОДЕЛИ РАЗВИТИЯ РЕДКОЗЕМЕЛЬНЫХ ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫХ КОМПЛЕКСОВ: РОССИЙСКИЙ И ЗАРУБЕЖНЫЙ ОПЫТ
Authors: Соловьева Виктория Максимовна , Череповицын Алексей Евгеньевич 
Published: March 2021

Целью исследования является анализ зарубежного и отечественного опыта развития редкоземельных промышленных комплексов для формирования целостных представлений о сложившихся моделях и используемых странами механизмах развития РЗМ-отрасли с учетом современных тенденций глобального рынка.
Методологическая основа исследования. Для достижения поставленных задач был проведен контент-анализ национальных и зарубежных источников научной литературы, государственных отчетов и стратегий в отношении развития редкоземельной отрасли, материалов аналитических агентств, посвященных обзору современных тенденций на рынке РЗМ. Исследована концепция РЗМ-металлов как «критических» материалов для современной экономики. В работе использованы методы научного обобщения, системного и стратегического анализа.
Результаты исследования. В статье исследованы тенденции мировой редкоземельной отрасли, структура и динамика развития мирового рынка металлов, обоснована роль редкоземельных металлов для современной экономики в условиях наращивания научно-технического потенциала. Выявлены ключевые экономические, технологические, производственные, геологические особенности и ограничения создания РЗМ-производств. Исследованы сложившиеся организационно-экономические модели развития редкоземельных промышленных комплексов в рамках достижения обеспеченности в требуемых ресурсных компонентах, систематизированы используемые различными странами методы и механизмы, к которым относятся меры налогового стимулирования, финансирование научно-исследовательских работ, заключение долгосрочных контрактов и другие. Сформированы рекомендации относительно развития РЗМ-комплексов в России.
Перспективы исследования состоят в возможности использования рассмотренных моделей и механизмов развития зарубежных редкоземельных комплексов для повышения эффективности функционирования российской РЗМ-отрасли.
МАКРОЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ ПОЛИТИКА: ЭФФЕКТ ПРЕВЫШЕНИЯ СЛОЖНОСТИ
Authors: Сухарев Олег Сергеевич 
Published: March 2021

Цель исследования. Современная макроэкономическая политика, опирающаяся на весьма сложные модели, казалось бы, достигла пика теоретического совершенства, однако, сила ее влияния и успешности оставляет желать лучшего. Многочисленные оценки, что экономическая политика не срабатывает, не приводит к результату — достижению цели, заставляют вернуться к истокам — принципу «цели-инструменты», рассмотрев его расширенную трактовку и критику. Целью исследования выступает теоретический анализ модельно-инструментальных проблем разработки экономической политики с выявлением «эффекта превышения сложности», который в действительности детерминирует весь набор дискуссий в этой области, с помощью чего обосновывается необходимость применения принципа целей и инструментов.Методологию исследования представляет собой теория экономической политики Я. Тинбергена.Результатом исследования является обоснование ограничений в «критике Лукаса», а также в «эффективной классификации рынка» Р. Манделла, которая длительное время рассматривалась как расширенный вариант принципа целей и инструментов. Представлена модель системной динамики, позволяющая продемонстрировать наличие связей между ее параметрами и обнажающая невозможность учета всего набора механизма обратных связей. Вместе с тем полезность прямых формулировок, без учета всего набора связей, является важныминструментом для получения базисных соотношений и выявления основных свойств системы, которые можно затем корректировать с учетом добавочных обстоятельств. Наличие у моделей обратного свойства к «эффекту превышения сложности» иногда обладает большей полезностью, нежели завышенная сложность, ограничивающая адекватность модели в большем масштабе, чем простота. Экономическая наука пытается бороться со сложностью посредством увеличивающейся специализации знания, но это должно означать дифференциацию инструментов в стремлении достичь взаимно детерминирующих целей развития.
Suicides in the COVID-19 Pandemic — Are We Well Informed Regarding Current Risks and Future Prospects?
Authors: Rozanov Vsevolod A. , Semenova Natalia V. , Vuks Aleksandr Ja. , Freize Victoria V. , Isakov Vladimir D. , Yagmurov Orazmurad D. , Neznanov Nikolay G. 
Published: March 2021

Background. Suicides are predicted to drop in the acute phase of any crisis that poses a threat to the entire population, though data on this are inconsistent. A pandemic is the most severe global crisis one can imagine. There is an urgent need to identify objective trends in suicide rates across countries and populations in a real-time manner in order to be better informed regarding prospects and adaptation of preventive strategies.
Objectives. To evaluate suicidal behaviour in a metropolis immediately after the introduction of severe containment measures due to the pandemic.
Methods. Cases of completed suicides in St. Petersburg were obtained from the local city Bureau of Forensic Medical Examinations for the period 1 January 2016 to 31 July 2020. Data were accurately collected and monthly frequencies per 100,000 of the population in April-May 2020 (introduction of the most severe stay at home measures) were compared with corresponding data from 2016-2019. Confidence intervals were calculated according to Wilson.
Results. Suicide frequencies in the population of St. Petersburg in April 2020 did not go up, in contrast, they were 30.3% lower than the average for the previous four years. The decrease in April was more pronounced in males than in females (36.3% and12.4%, respectively). When looking at age groups it was found that the biggest drop in suicides was in older males ( 55 years). In this group, suicide indices were 58.5% lower than average for the previous four years. However, in females, there was a 50% rise in suicides in June, while in young males (15-34 years) there was an 87.9% rise in May. Total number of suicides for the first half of 2020 was very close to the average seen in previous years. None of the registered changes were statistically significant.
Conclusions. The analysis is preliminary and does not account for possible seasonality, however, we consider that the reduction in completed suicides immediately after crisis exposure deserves attention. It supports views that in the acute phase of the crisis, suicidal behaviour may decline, which may be quickly replaced by a rise. Such a rise in females and younger males points on possible risk groups and requires a response from society. More studies are needed to have a clearer picture of suicide dynamics in Russia during the different waves of the pandemic, and prevention should be prioritized regardless of the tendencies.
Differences in the gut microbiomes of distinct ethnicities within the same geographic area are linked to host metabolic health
Authors: Ang Qi Yan , Alba Diana L. , Upadhyay Vaibhav , Bisanz Jordan E. , Cai Jingwei , Lee Ho Lim , Barajas Eliseo , Wei Grace , Noecker Cecilia , Patterson Andrew D. , Koliwad Suneil K. , Turnbaugh Peter James 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: The human gut microbiota exhibits marked variation around the world, which has been attributed to dietary intake and other environmental factors. However, the degree to which ethnicity-associated differences in gut microbial community structure and function are maintained following immigration or in the context of metabolic disease is poorly understood.Results: We conducted a multi-omic study of 46 lean and obese East Asian and White participants living in the San Francisco Bay Area. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed significant differences between ethnic groups in bacterial richness and community structure. White individuals were enriched for the mucin-degrading Akkermansia muciniphila. East Asian participants had increased levels of multiple bacterial phyla, fermentative pathways detected by metagenomics, and the short-chain fatty acid end products acetate, propionate, and isobutyrate. Differences in the gut microbiota between the East Asian and White groups could not be explained by reported dietary intake, were more pronounced in lean individuals, and were associated with current geographical location. Microbiome transplantations into germ-free mice confirmed that the differences in the gut microbiota of the East Asian and White individuals we analyzed are independent of diet and that they differentially impact host body weight and adiposity in genetically identical mouse recipients.Conclusions: The reported findings emphasize the utility of studying diverse ethnic groups within a defined geographical location and provide a starting point for dissecting the mechanisms contributing to the complex interactions between the gut microbiome and ethnicity-associated lifestyle, demographic, metabolic, and genetic factors.
Coronin 1A facilitates calcium mobilization and promotes astrocyte reactivity in HIV-1 Neuropathogenesis
Authors: Pandey Hriday Shanker , Kapoor Rishabh , Bindu  , Seth Pankaj 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundIn most neurodegenerative disorders, including neuroAIDS, reactive astrocytes are detrimental to the neuronal population. Calcium and its downstream regulators play a central role in mediating astrocyte reactivity. Coronin 1A, an actin binding protein, majorly reported in hematopoietic cells, regulates cell activity in a calcium-dependent manner, but its role in astrocyte physiology and reactivity is largely unknown. We explored the roles of Coronin 1A in astrocyte physiology and its involvement in facilitating astrocyte reactivity. MethodsCoronin 1A expression was assessed in astrocytes and human brain autopsy sections using western blotting, immunocytochemistry, and immunohistochemistry. siRNA-mediated downregulation was performed to assess its loss of function. To assess the cell activity, live-cell calcium imaging was performed on ATP-stimulated astrocytes using a confocal microscope. HIV-1 Tat B expression vector was used to induce astrocyte reactivity, after which gene and protein expressions were assessed using qPCR and western blotting; cytokine release was measured using flow cytometry and glutamate release was assessed using enzymatic activity. TUNEL assay was performed on neurons treated with the astrocyte-conditioned media. Small RNA-sequencing and qPCR assays were performed to list miRNAs differentially regulated as a result of HIV-1 Tat transfection. Transfection with mimic and inhibitor against selected miRNA and luciferase assay was performed to confirm the miRNA regulation.ResultsWe report Coronin 1A expression in human primary astrocytes and autopsy brain sections, and that it plays activity-dependent roles by facilitating Calcium mobilization from the intracellular stores. HIV-1 Tat, a potent neurotoxicant that turns astrocytes reactive, augments Coronin 1A expression, apart from affecting GFAP and pro-inflammatory molecules. Also, the autopsy brain tissue of HIV-1 infected individuals has higher Coronin 1A expression. Downregulation of Coronin 1A attenuated the HIV-1 Tat-induced deleterious effects of reactive astrocytes, measured as upregulated GFAP expression, enhanced release of IL-6, and Glutamate and hence reduced astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammation. Our findings also suggest that out of a pool of dysregulated miRNAs studied by us, hsa-miR-92b-5p regulates Coronin 1A expression under the effect of HIV-1 Tat. ConclusionThese findings highlight the novel roles of Coronin 1A in regulating astrocyte activity in stimulated conditions and astrocyte reactivity observed in HIV-1 neuropathogenesis.