bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eine interaktive Beteiligungskarte für innovatives Klimahandeln in Europa
Authors: Steinhaus Norbert , Hoff Hannah , Churski Pawel , Coquard Charlotte , Pfleger Axel 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungHitze, Trockenheit, Starkregen – viele Menschen in Europa spüren bereits die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen und Prognosen zeigen, mit welchen konkreten Klimawandelfolgen auch in Europa in den kommenden Jahren zu rechnen sein wird. Trotz intensivem Klimaschutz werden bestimmte Folgen nicht mehr abwendbar sein. Daher muss das Thema Klimafolgenanpassung in den Fokus rücken. Hier setzt das von der EU im Programm Horizont 2020 geförderte Projekt TeRRIFICA an: Mithilfe einer interaktiven Beteiligungskarte, dem Crowd-Mapping-Tool, wird die Bevölkerung in das Sammeln relevanter Daten einbezogen und kann sich auch in weiteren co-kreativen Prozessen beteiligen. Die Markierungen in der interaktiven Karte sind Erfahrungen und Beobachtungen rund um die Folgen des Klimawandels und dienen als Grundlage, um zunächst auf lokaler Ebene passgenaue Maßnahmen zur Anpassung und weiterführende Aktionspläne zu entwickeln. Darauf aufbauend bilden die Markierungen auch die Grundlage für europaweite Empfehlungen und tragen so direkt zu einem verstärkten innovativem Klimahandeln auf europäischer Ebene bei.
Automatic energy demand and system simulation at district level
Authors: Weiler Verena , Eicker Ursula 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe importance of climate protection and sustainability is steadily increasing all over the world. However, there is a large potential for reducing emissions in the heating demand reduction and renewable heat supply of buildings that needs to be addressed. Therefore, a method was developed within the scope of this work that allows local decision-makers such as energy supply companies, project developers and the public sector to calculate, evaluate and compare different scenarios to make buildings and city districts more sustainable based on few and widely available input data. It includes both the determination of the heat demand and measures for its reduction as well as the selection and simulation of centralised and decentralised supply systems. A combination of different methods from the fields of geoinformatics, heuristic decision-making and object-oriented modelling is used. The latter forms a focal point in the work with the development of a data model for energy system components to enable automatic simulation. The applicability as well as the transferability of the method is shown in several case studies. Based on the simulations results, which can be related to CO2emissions as well as costs, recommendations for the implementation of measures can be given and implemented.The paper is a summary of the dissertation with the title “Automatische Simulation von Wärmebedarf und -versorgung auf Quartiersebene” by the first author at Karlsruhe Institute for Technology.
Too Blind to See the Elephant? Why Neuroscientists Ought to Be Interested in Tinnitus
Authors: Knipper Marlies , Mazurek Birgit , van Dijk Pim , Schulze Holger 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA curative therapy for tinnitus currently does not exist. One may actually exist but cannot currently be causally linked to tinnitus due to the lack of consistency of concepts about the neural correlate of tinnitus. Depending on predictions, these concepts would require either a suppression or enhancement of brain activity or an increase in inhibition or disinhibition. Although procedures with a potential to silence tinnitus may exist, the lack of rationale for their curative success hampers an optimization of therapeutic protocols. We discuss here six candidate contributors to tinnitus that have been suggested by a variety of scientific experts in the field and that were addressed in a virtual panel discussion at the ARO round table in February 2021. In this discussion, several potential tinnitus contributors were considered: (i) inhibitory circuits, (ii) attention, (iii) stress, (iv) unidentified sub-entities, (v) maladaptive information transmission, and (vi) minor cochlear deafferentation. Finally, (vii) some potential therapeutic approaches were discussed. The results of this discussion is reflected here in view of potential blind spots that may still remain and that have been ignored in most tinnitus literature. We strongly suggest to consider the high impact of connecting the controversial findings to unravel the whole complexity of the tinnitus phenomenon; an essential prerequisite for establishing suitable therapeutic approaches.
Human and environmental associates of local species-specific abundance in a multi-species deer assemblage
Authors: Zini Valentina , Wäber Kristin , Hornigold Karen , Lake Ian , Dolman Paul M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUnderstanding how habitat, landscape context, and human disturbance influence local species-specific deer density provides evidence informing strategic management of increasing deer populations. Across an extensive (187 km2) heterogeneous forest-mosaic landscape in eastern England, spatially explicit density surface models of roe deerCapreolus capreolusand introduced muntjacMuntiacus reevesiwere calibrated by thermal imaging distance sampling (recording 1590 and 400 muntjac and roe deer groups, respectively, on 567 km of driven transects). Models related deer density to local habitat composition, recreational intensity, and deer density (roe deer models controlled for muntjac density and vice versa) at a local grain across 1162 composite transect segments, incorporating geographical coordinates accounting for spatial autocorrelation. Abundance of both species was lower in localities with more grasslands (inter-quartile, IQ, effect size: roe −2.9 deer/km2; muntjac −2.9 deer/km2). Roe abundance (mean = 7 deer/km2, SD = 6) was greater in localities with more young stands (IQ effect size, + 1.3 deer/km2) and lower at localities with more recreationists (−1.1 deer/km2). Muntjac density (mean = 21 deer/km2, SD = 10) was greater in localities with more recreationists (+ 2.4 deer/km2), with more mature (≥ 46 years) stands (+ 1.5 deer/km2), or calcareous soil (+ 7.1 deer/km2). Comparison of models incorporating candidate variables and models comprising geographical coordinates only shows candidate variables to be weak predictors of deer densities. Adapting forest management to manipulate habitat and recreational access may influence local deer densities, but only subtly: effect sizes are not sufficient to mitigate deer impacts through planting vulnerable tree crops in areas avoided by deer. Effective culling remains the most viable management option.
Tomato leaves under stress: a comparison of stress response to mild abiotic stress between a cultivated and a wild tomato species
Authors: Reimer Julia J. , Thiele Björn , Biermann Robin T. , Junker-Frohn Laura V. , Wiese-Klinkenberg Anika , Usadel Björn , Wormit Alexandra 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTomato is one of the most produced crop plants on earth and growing in the fields and greenhouses all over the world. Breeding with known traits of wild species can enhance stress tolerance of cultivated crops. In this study, we investigated responses of the transcriptome as well as primary and secondary metabolites in leaves of a cultivated and a wild tomato to several abiotic stresses such as nitrogen deficiency, chilling or warmer temperatures, elevated light intensities and combinations thereof. The wild species responded different to varied temperature conditions compared to the cultivated tomato. Nitrogen deficiency caused the strongest responses and induced in particular the secondary metabolism in both species but to much higher extent in the cultivated tomato. Our study supports the potential of a targeted induction of valuable secondary metabolites in green residues of horticultural production, that will otherwise only be composted after fruit harvest. In particular, the cultivated tomato showed a strong induction in the group of mono caffeoylquinic acids in response to nitrogen deficiency. In addition, the observed differences in stress responses between cultivated and wild tomato can lead to new breeding targets for better stress tolerance.
Asymmetric Structures of a Squall-Line MCS over Taiwan with Significant Hydraulic Jumps
Authors: Pan Yu-Tai , Yang Ming-Jen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOn 19 April 2019, a mature squall-line mesoscale convective system (MCS) with the characteristics of a leading convective line and trailing stratiform landed on Taiwan, resulting in strong gust wind and heavy rainfall. This squall-line MCS became asymmetric after landfall on Taiwan. Two sets of idealized numerical simulations (mountain heights and low-level vertical wind shear) using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model were conducted to examine the impacts of realistic Taiwan topography on a squall-line MCS. Results showed numerous similarities between the idealized simulations and real-case observations. The low-level Froude number which considered the terrain height (Fmt) was calculated to examine the blocking effect of the Taiwan terrain, and the cold pool (determined by − 1.5 K isotherm) was found to be completely blocked by the 500-m height contour. The northeast-southwest orientation of the Snow Mountain Range (SMR), and the north–south orientation of the Central Mountain Range (CMR) led to the upwind side asymmetry. On the other hand, the lee-side asymmetry was associated with different intensities and occurrence locations of the hydraulic jump between the SMR and southern CMR, and the cold-pool Froude number (Fcp) indicated the flow-regime transition from subcritical to supercritical.
Sedimentary organic matter as a proficient tool for the palaeoenvironmental and palaeodepositional settings on Gondwana coal deposits
Authors: Aggarwal Neha 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPalynofacies is based on the different types of the dispersed/sedimentary organic matter (DOM/SOM) and has been used as a proficient proxy for the palaeoclimatic reconstructions in sedimentary deposits of various time spans. It has also been acknowledged as an effective tool in the different domains like sequence biostratigraphy, palyno-biostratigraphy, palaeodepositional history, identification for depositional processes, oxic–anoxic environment, and variations in the water depth. It has been emerged as an analytical tool in palaeoclimatic reconstruction, which could complement geophysical and geochemical datasets. Since long palynofacies analysis has been exclusively applied in the marine sediments, it has recently dragged the attention of many researchers as a significant parameter for palaeoclimatic interpretation in continental deposits. In the last few decades, more consideration was focused on palynofacies that have become an essential proxy in the biostratigraphic and other non-biostratigraphic fields due to its requirement in the petroleum industries. The present study provides a basic idea of dispersed organic matter characterization, methodology, interpretations, and its application with special emphasis on the Gondwana deposits. The study also includes the summary of the worldwide distribution of the Gondwana sediments, especially for palaeodepositional settings through palynofacies along with other parameters.
Nursing rescheduling problem with multiple rescheduling methods under uncertainty
Authors: Long Zhiren , Wen Xianxiu , Lan Mei , Yang Yongjian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe nursing rescheduling problem is a challenging decision-making task in hospitals. However, this decision-making needs to be made in a stochastic setting to meet uncertain demand with insufficient historical data or inaccurate forecasting methods. In this study, a stochastic programming model and a distributionally robust model are developed for the nurse rescheduling problem with multiple rescheduling methods under uncertain demands. We show that these models can be reformulated into an integer program. To illustrate the applicability and validity of the proposed model, a study case is conducted on three joint hospitals in Chengdu, Chongzhou, and Guanghan, Sichuan Province. The results show that the stochastic programming model and the distributionally robust model can reduce the cost by 78.71% and 38.92%, respectively. We also evaluate the benefit of the distributionally robust model against the stochastic model and perform sensitivity analysis on important model parameters to derive some meaningful managerial insights.
Extending the Ring Theory of Personhood to the Care of Dying Patients in Intensive Care Units
Authors: Chan Natalie Pei Xin , Chia Jeng Long , Ho Chong Yao , Ngiam Lisa Xin Ling , Kuek Joshua Tze Yin , Ahmad Kamal Nur Haidah Binte , Hanifah Marican Abdurrahman Ahmad Bin , Ong Yun Ting , Chiam Min , Lee Alexia Sze Inn , Chin Annelissa Mien Chew , Mason Stephen , Radha Krishna Lalit Kumar 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIt is evident, in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic that has physicians confronting death and dying at unprecedented levels along with growing data suggesting that physicians who care for dying patients face complex emotional, psychological and behavioural effects, that there is a need for their better understanding and the implementation of supportive measures. Taking into account data positing that effects of caring for dying patients may impact a physician’s concept of personhood, or “what makes you, ‘you’”, we adopt Radha Krishna’s Ring Theory of Personhood (RToP) to scrutinise the experiences of physicians working in intensive care units (ICU) using a fictional scenario that was inspired by real events. The impact of death and dying, its catalysts, internal constituents, external factors, dyssynchrony, and buffers, specific to ICU physicians, were identified and explored. Such a framework allows for ramifications to be considered holistically and facilitates the curation of strategies for conflict resolution. This evaluation of the RToP acknowledges the experience and wide-ranging effects it has on ICU physicians. As such, our findings provide insight into their specific needs and highlight the importance of support on a personal and organisational level. Although further research needs to be conducted, the RToP could serve as the basis for a longitudinal assessment tool supported by the use of portfolios or mentorship due to their provision of personalised, appropriate, specific, timely, accessible and long-term support.
Macht im Cyberspace: Eine Übersicht der bisherigen Forschung und künftiger Perspektiven anhand des Proxy-Konzepts
Authors: Zettl Kerstin 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungEntgegen seiner ursprünglichen Gründungshistorie erscheint das Internet zunehmend seitens staatlicher Akteure instrumentalisiert zu werden. Vor allem Autokratien nutzen dabei verstärkt den Cyberspace als offensiven Konfliktaustragungsraum. Jedoch entwickelten auch demokratische Staaten vor allem auf Grundlage ihrer technologischen Überlegenheit genuine Machtressourcen im digitalen Raum. Der vorliegende Literaturbericht liefert eine Analyse des bisherigen Zugangs der politikwissenschaftlichen Forschungslandschaft zu Macht im Cyberspace. Bisherige Konzeptualisierungen werden miteinander verglichen und zu einem integrativen Modell zusammengefügt, welches zwischen Machtressourcen und Machtfunktionen differenziert. Für deren empirische Sichtbarmachung wird das Konzept des Proxys zunächst hinsichtlich seiner theoretischen Implikationen diskutiert und im Folgenden als analytische Referenzkategorie für die Diskussion spezifischer Debatten um Macht im Cyberspace verwendet. Diese beziehen sich erstens auf die Nutzung offensiver Cyberproxies seitens autokratischer Staaten, zweitens auf die Instrumentalisierung defensiver Cyberproxies seitens demokratischer Staaten und drittens auf die jeweilige Rolle staatlicher Proxies für beide Regimetypen im Rahmen einer Agenda-Setting-Funktion auf internationaler Ebene. Dabei wird jeweils zwischen den zwei benannten Kategorien auf der Hard- sowie Softpower-Ebene unterschieden, wodurch die eingeschränkte, in Teilen jedoch vorhandene Bedeutung materieller Machtfunktionen, welche durch Proxies im Cyberspace verfolgt werden können, expliziter herausgearbeitet werden kann. Macht im Cyberspace bezieht sich in allen drei empirischen Themenfeldern überwiegend auf Informationen als zentrale Ressource, welche vor allem zur Manipulation bestehender Asymmetrien gegenüber externen sowie internen Akteuren seitens autokratischer und demokratischer Regierungen variant zum Einsatz kommt. Dabei spielt Macht zur offensiven sowie defensiven Eskalationskontrolle im Rahmen von Konflikten eine bedeutende Rolle, jedoch auch Machtressourcen nichtstaatlicher Akteure, welche auf die diskursive Beeinflussung internationaler Verregelungsbemühungen des Cyberspace als Konfliktaustragungsraum ausgerichtet sind.
Electric Field Measurements in the Antarctic Reveal Patterns Related to the El Niño—Southern Oscillation
Authors: Slyunyaev Nikolay N. , Frank‐Kamenetsky Alexander V. , Ilin Nikolay V. , Sarafanov Fedor G. , Shatalina Maria V. , Mareev Evgeny A. , Price Colin G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractElectric field measurements at Vostok station in Antarctica reveal that the El Niño—Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has a statistically significant effect on the global electric circuit, as earlier predicted by simulations. Analysis of 10 October‐February periods during 2006–2016 indicates that the shape of the diurnal variation of the surface electric field is significantly different for El Niño and La Niña years, with an especially pronounced deviation during the super El Niño of 2015/16. During strong El Niños the potential gradient relative to the diurnal mean is generally higher than usual around 8:00–14:00 UTC and lower than usual around 16:00–0:00 UTC; La Niñas are characterized by the opposite behavior. Simulations with the Weather Research and Forecasting model imply that the observed patterns are the result of changes in the global distribution of electrified clouds over the Pacific Ocean, Maritime Continent, and South America during ENSO events.
What Controls the Interannual Variability of Extreme Precipitation?
Authors: Dai Panxi , Nie Ji 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe controlling factors of the interannual variability of extreme precipitation (EP) are examined on a global scale. We quantify the moisture (thermodynamic) and vertical motion (dynamic) contributions to the interannual variability of EP by applying a physical scaling diagnosis. The thermodynamic contribution is small and the dynamic contribution dominates the interannual variability of EP. We further apply a quasi‐geostrophic diagnosis on EP to decompose the vertical motion and its variability into components due to the large‐scale adiabatic perturbations (dry dynamics) and the diabatic heating feedback (moist dynamics). The variability of vertical motion associated with large‐scale adiabatic perturbations is approximately twice that of the diabatic heating feedback. These results highlight the dominant role of the large‐scale adiabatic perturbations on the year‐to‐year variability of EP, in contrast to the responses of EP to global warming, in which both the large‐scale adiabatic perturbations and diabatic heating feedback are important.
Enhanced Summertime Surface Warming Effects of Long‐Term Urbanization in a Humid Urban Agglomeration in China
Authors: Han Longfei , Yu Xiaoqin , Xu Youpeng , Deng Xiaojun , Yang Liu , Li Zhongwu , Lv Dianqing , Xiao Mu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this study, we examined the summertime climatic effects of urban expansion during 1990–2010 in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region by analyzing station observations and performing numerical simulations with the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model. Long‐term observations showed that urban area experienced a larger increase in summertime 2‐m air temperature than rural part during 1980–2018, and the influence of urbanization on the urban‐rural contrast was greater in the late stage (after 2000) than the early stage (before 2000). We applied the WRF model incorporated with historical land surface cover data (year 1990, 2000, and 2010) to further evaluate the climatic effects of long‐term urbanization. On average, urban expansion over 1990–2010 led to 0.75°C increase in daily average temperature (1.06°C in daily minimum and 0.45°C in daily maximum) during the summer. The summertime daily temperature range decreased by 0.61°C in urban environment during the same period. Compared to the warming effect of urbanization in the 1990s, both the magnitude and affected area have increased after the millennium. Also, urban expansion reduced moisture in low‐level atmosphere, and this urban dry island (UDI) effect was enhanced in the late stage. Less moisture in the atmosphere offset heat stress index induced by the warming temperature. We also found that the partitioning of net radiation between sensible and latent heat was the key factor that controlled urban warming effect.
Photochemistry of Volatile Organic Compounds in the Yellow River Delta, China: Formation of O3 and Peroxyacyl Nitrates
Authors: Lee Y. , Huey L. G. , Wang Y. , Qu H. , Zhang R. , Ji Y. , Tanner D. J. , Wang X. , Tang J. , Song W. , Hu W. , Zhang Y. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAn extensive set of primary and secondary pollutants was measured at a ground site in a remote location in the Yellow River Delta, China during the Ozone Photochemistry and Export from China Experiment (OPECE) from March to April 2018. The measurements include volatile organic compounds (VOCs), peroxyacyl nitrates (PANs), ozone (O3), particulate species, nitrogen oxides (NOx), and SO2. Observed VOC mixing ratios were comparable to those measured in heavily polluted cities in the U.S. and China. The VOC source signatures suggest a strong influence from Oil and Natural Gas (O&NG) emissions with potentially large contributions from Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG) sources as well. Consistently elevated concentrations of O3, PAN, and its rarely measured homologs peroxybenzoylic nitric anhydride (PBzN) and peroxyacrylic nitric anhydride (APAN) at the OPECE site indicate complex photochemistry in a heterogeneous VOC environment. Diagnostic 0‐D box model simulations are used to investigate the budgets of ROx (OH + HO2 + RO2), and the rate and efficiency of O3 production. Model sensitivity calculations indicate that O3 production at OPECE site is VOC limited in spring. This suggests that reduction in VOCs should be a priority for reducing O3, where production and fugitive emissions from O&NG provide an attractive target. While initial reductions in NOx might increase O3 production, reduction of NOx along with VOCs will be a necessary step to achieve long‐term ozone reduction.