bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late Quaternary drainage reorganization assisted by surface faulting: The example of the Katrol Hill Fault zone, Kachchh, western India
Authors: Maurya Deepak M. , Tiwari Prabhuti , Shaikh Mohamedharoon , Patidar Atul K. , Vanik Naimisha , Padmalal Akash , Chamyal Laxman S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDrainage reorganization on restricted temporal and spatial scales is poorly‐documented. We attempt to decode the relatively complicated mechanism of drainage realignment involving two small rivers that show structurally controlled, highly anomalous channel networks. We provide geomorphic and shallow subsurface evidence using ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) for the presence of a buried paleo‐valley flowing northward through the wind gap and surface faulting along the range bounding Katrol Hill Fault (KHF) which correlates with the previously known three surface faulting events in last ~30 ka bp. Most of the present river channels and the KHF zone are occupied by aeolian miliolite (local name) which is stratigraphic and lithologic equivalent of the Late Quaternary carbonate rich aeolianite deposits occurring in several parts of the globe. The history of drainage evolution in the study area comprises pre‐miliolite, syn‐miliolite and post‐miliolite phases. Geomorphic evidences show that the paleo‐Gangeshwar River flowed north through the wind gap and paleo‐valley, while the short paleo‐Gunawari occupied the saddle zone to the east of Ler dome prior to and during the phase of miliolite deposition which ended by ~40 ka bp. Southward tilting of the Katrol Hill Range (KHR) due to surface faulting cut off the catchment of the paleo‐Gangeshwar River. The abandoned catchment stream extended its channel eastward along the strike through top‐down process while the paleo‐Gunawari River extended its course westward by headward erosion (bottom‐up process). As the channels advanced towards each other they joined to produce the “S”‐shaped bend which formed the capture point. We conclude that multiple surface faulting events along the KHF in the last ~30 ka bp, resulted in uplift and tilting of the KHR which caused drainage realignment by river diversion, beheading and river capture. Our study shows that the complexity of drainage reorganization processes is more explicit on shorter rather than longer timescales.
Repeated high flows drive morphological change in rivers in recently deglaciated catchments
Authors: Eagle Lawrence J. B. , Carrivick Jonathan L. , Milner Alexander M. , Brown Lee E. , Klaar Megan J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractClimate change is decreasing glacier cover and increasing the frequency and magnitude of precipitation‐driven high flows and floods in many regions of the world. Precipitation may become the dominant water source for river systems in recently deglaciated catchments, with major rainfall events driving significant changes in river channel morphology. Few studies, however, have examined river channel response to repeated precipitation‐driven high flows. In this study, we measured the geomorphological condition of four low‐order rivers in recently deglaciated catchments (70–210 years ice free) before and after a series of repeated precipitation‐driven high flows during summer 2014. High flows drove substantial initial morphological change, with up to 75% change in baseflow channel planform position and active channel form change from pre‐ to post‐high flow. Post‐high flow years were associated with increased instream wood and geomorphological complexity at all but the youngest river. Channel changes were part of an active relaxation stage at all rivers, where channels continued to migrate, and complexity varied through time. Overall, these measurements permit us to propose a conceptual model of the role of geomorphologically effective high flows in the context of paraglacial adjustment theory. Specifically, we suggest that older rivers in recently deglaciated catchments can undergo a short‐term (<10 years) increase in the rate of geomorphological development as a result of the recruitment of instream wood and channel migration during and following repeated precipitation‐driven high flows. Enhancing our knowledge of these geomorphological and paraglacial processes in response to high flows is important for the effective management of riverine water and ecosystem resources in rapidly changing environments.
Susceptibility of Folsomia candida to Agrochemicals after Multigenerational Exposure to Human Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Cardoso Diogo N. , Oliveira Miguel , Soares Amadeu M.V.M. , Loureiro Susana 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In realistic environmental scenarios, soil organisms can be exposed to a combination of pharmaceuticals and agriproducts or within different time frames. Therefore, it is necessary to increase knowledge on soil organism susceptibility under a complex mixture exposure scenario. The present study aimed to assess the susceptibility of the collembolan Folsomia candida to copper and dimethoate on a pre-exposure for 3 generations to human pharmaceuticals (fluoxetine and carbamazepine). Carryover effects on reproductive output and survival were observed after a multigenerational pre-exposure to carbamazepine or fluoxetine, considerably increasing the sensitivity of collembolans to both copper and dimethoate. This was more evident for collembolans pre-exposed to the highest concentrations of both pharmaceuticals (40 mg/kg soil), as demonstrated by a significant reduction in the number of juveniles and increased mortality. In addition, pre-exposure to carbamazepine and fluoxetine induced varying effects on subsequent exposure to the same chemical. Although pre-exposure to carbamazepine led to a decrease in collembolan reproduction, even when transferred to a clean medium, fluoxetine induced severe effects but only when collembolans were exposed to other contaminants (i.e., not when transferred to clean soil). The present study highlighted the need to consider carryover effects and possible interactions between pharmaceuticals and other contaminants under simultaneous exposure. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:592–600. © 2021 SETAC
Application of the Closure Principle Computational Approach Test to Assess Ecotoxicological Field Studies: Comparative Analysis Using Earthworm Field Test Abundance Data
Authors: Daniels Benjamin , Roß-Nickoll Martina , Jänsch Stephan , Pieper Silvia , Römbke Jörg , Scholz-Starke Björn , Ottermanns Richard 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Field studies to determine the effects of chemicals on earthworm communities are generally conducted according to International Organization for Standardization standard 11268-3 (and later comments). However, statistical test procedures suggested in the guideline are frequently criticized, mainly for 2 reasons: 1) Earthworm abundances are count data and often do not fulfill requirements for multiple t tests (normal distribution and homogeneity of variance), and 2) the resulting toxicity metrics of multiple testing procedures (no/lowest-observed-effect concentrations [NOEC/LOEC]) fail to adequately detect the actual level of effects. Recently, a new method to overcome these shortcomings was presented by the introduction of the closure principle computational approach test (CPCAT). We applied this statistical method to assess chemical effects on abundance in a large dataset of 26 earthworm field studies (with up to 3 test chemical application rates) and an additional extended study with 6 application rates. A comparative analysis was provided considering results of well-established multiple testing approaches (Dunnett's test) with particular consideration of the degree of overdispersion found in these data. It was shown that the CPCAT detects substantially more effects in earthworm field tests as statistically significant than standard t test approaches. This lowered the LOEC/NOEC for many chemical treatments to control comparisons. As a consequence, the statistically detected NOECs/LOECs were often set at lower percentage deviations between control and chemical treatment. This is the first time the performance of the CPCAT has been assessed within a comprehensive analysis of earthworm field study data. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1750–1760. © 2021 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Verwitterungsabhängige Zerfalls‐ und Entfestigungsvorgänge veränderlich fester Ton‐ und Schlufftonsteine am Beispiel des Keupers
Authors: Knopp Julia , Moormann Christian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractVeränderlich feste Gesteine sind sehr zerfallsempfindlich, da sie innerhalb kurzer Zeit u. a. durch Austrocknungs‐ und Wiederbefeuchtungs‐Wechsel ihren Zusammenhalt verlieren können. In einer umfangreichen Laborstudie wurde ein neues Verfahren zur Klassifikation der Veränderlichkeit entwickelt, mit dem eine eindeutige Erfassung des Zerfallspotenzials möglich ist. In der hier vorliegenden Studie wurde näher untersucht, welche Gesteinseigenschaften die Zerfallsneigung der Gesteine beeinflussen. Festgestellt wurde dabei, dass der natürliche Verwitterungszustand die Veränderlichkeit stark beeinflusst. Ursache hierfür ist ein mit der Verwitterung abnehmender Sulfatgehalt und ansteigender Interaggregatporenanteil.
Risk of second primary malignancy after minor salivary gland cancer: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database analysis
Authors: Yang Jingyi , Wei Ruoyan , Song Xiaole , Sun Xicai , Wang Huan , Liu Quan , Hu Li , Yu Hongmeng , Wang Dehui 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundMinor salivary gland cancer (MiSGC) is a group of tumors with varied disease course in the head and neck. We evaluated the risk of a second primary malignancy (SPM) in MiSGC patients and identified possible prognostic factors for survival using a large population database.MethodsWe used the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data to evaluate the risk and prognosis of SPM in patients diagnosed with MiSGC.ResultsThe risk of SPM increased in MiSGC patients compared with the endemic rate. The risk of SPM was slightly greater in female patients and who underwent radiotherapy. Age at primary diagnosis, sex, race, year of diagnosis, SEER stage, radiotherapy, SPM, histology, and tumor site were significant survival prognostic indicators of MiSGC patients.ConclusionRadiotherapy and female sex were risk factors for SPM after MiSGC. Long‐term surveillance for SPM was important in MiSGC patients.
Time‐frequency dynamics between fear connectedness of stocks and alternative assets
Authors: Naeem Muhammad Abubakr , Hasan Mudassar , Agyemang Abraham , Chowdhury Md Iftekhar Hasan , Balli Faruk 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe examine linkages between the time‐frequency dynamics of fear (VIX) connectedness across global stock markets and alternative asset markets. To this end, we utilize Diebold and Yilmaz, International Journal of Forecasting, 2012, 28, 57–66; Diebold and Yilmaz, Journal of Econometrics, 2014, 182, 119–134; and Baruník and Křehlík, Journal of Financial Econometrics, 2018, 16, 271–296 connectedness methods to measure the total, short‐, medium‐ and long‐term connectedness. We subsequently use the rolling‐window wavelet correlation framework of Polanco‐Martínez et al. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 2018, 490, 1211–1227 to investigate the dynamic relationship structure among global equity market fear and fear in alternative asset markets, namely oil (OVX), gold (GVZ), currency (EVZ), and bond (TYNVI). We find that OVX drives the underlying VIX connectedness of the global equity markets during stress periods. The results also suggest the prospects of a reverse hedge that is driven by GVZ when the demand for gold intensifies. Furthermore, there are structural shifts in EVZ following Brexit, highlighting a negative relationship with the VIX connectedness. Finally, we find that the VIX connectedness typically moves in the opposite direction to the TYNVI. These results are insightful in realizing vulnerable stock markets' behaviour and explaining investors' sentiments and their shifts over time in asset allocations.
A Neuroskeletal Atlas: Spatial Mapping and Contextualization of Axon Subtypes Innervating the Long Bones of C3H and B6 Mice
Authors: Lorenz Madelyn R , Brazill Jennifer M , Beeve Alec T , Shen Ivana , Scheller Erica L 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Nerves in bone play well-established roles in pain and vasoregulation and have been associated with progression of skeletal disorders, including osteoporosis, fracture, arthritis, and tumor metastasis. However, isolation of the region-specific mechanisms underlying these relationships is limited by our lack of quantitative methods for neuroskeletal analysis and precise maps of skeletal innervation. To overcome these limitations, we developed an optimized workflow for imaging and quantitative analysis of axons in and around the bone, including validation of Baf53b-Cre in concert with R26R-tdTomato (Ai9) as a robust pan-neuronal reporter system for use in musculoskeletal tissues. In addition, we created comprehensive maps of sympathetic adrenergic and sensory peptidergic axons within and around the full length of the femur and tibia in two strains of mice (B6 and C3H). In the periosteum, these maps were related to the surrounding musculature, including entheses and myotendinous attachments to bone. Three distinct patterns of periosteal innervation (termed type I, II, III) were defined at sites that are important for bone pain, bone repair, and skeletal homeostasis. For the first time, our results establish a gradient of bone marrow axon density that increases from proximal to distal along the length of the tibia and define key regions of interest for neuroskeletal studies. Lastly, this information was related to major nerve branches and local maps of specialized mechanoreceptors. This detailed mapping and contextualization of the axonal subtypes innervating the skeleton is intended to serve as a guide during the design, implementation, and interpretation of future neuroskeletal studies and was compiled as a resource for the field as part of the NIH SPARC consortium. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR)..
Mutations in Profilin 1 Cause Early-Onset Paget's Disease of Bone With Giant Cell Tumors
Authors: Wei Zhe , Li Shanshan , Tao Xiaohui , Zhu Guoying , Sun Zhenkui , Wei Zhanying , Jiao Qiong , Zhang Huizhen , Chen Lin , Li Baojie , Zhang Zhenlin , Yue Hua 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Paget's disease of bone (PDB) is a late-onset chronic progressive bone disease characterized by abnormal activation of osteoclasts that results in bone pain, deformities, and fractures. PDB is very rare in Asia. A subset of PDB patients have early onset and can develop malignant giant cell tumors (GCTs) of the bone (PDB/GCTs), which arise within Paget bone lesions; the result is a significantly higher mortality rate. SQSTM1, TNFRSF11A, OPG, VCP, and HNRNPA2B1 have been identified as pathogenic genes of PDB, and ZNF687 is the only confirmed gene to date known to cause PDB/GCT. However, the molecular mechanism underlying PDB/GCT has not been fully elucidated. Here, we investigate an extended Chinese pedigree with eight individuals affected by early-onset and polyostotic PDB, two of whom developed GCTs. We identified a heterozygous 4-bp deletion in the Profilin 1 (PFN1) gene (c.318_321delTGAC) by genetic linkage analysis and exome sequencing for the family. Sanger sequencing revealed another heterozygous 1-bp deletion in PFN1 (c.324_324delG) in a sporadic early-onset PDB/GCT patient, further proving its causative role. Interestingly, a heterozygous missense mutation of PFN1 (c.335 T &gt; C) was identified in another PDB/GCT family, revealing that not only deletion but also missense mutations in PFN1 can cause PDB/GCT. Furthermore, we established a Pfn1-mutated mouse model (C57BL/6J mice) and successfully obtained Pagetic phenotypes in heterozygous mice, verifying loss of function of PFN1 as the cause of PDB/GCT development. In conclusion, our findings reveal mutations in PFN1 as the pathological mechanism in PDB/GCT, and we successfully established Pfn1-mutated mice as a suitable animal model for studying PDB-associated pathological mechanisms. The identification of PFN1 mutations has great diagnostic value for identifying PDB individuals predisposed toward developing GCTs. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Compound Heterozygous Frameshift Mutations in MESD Cause a Lethal Syndrome Suggestive of Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type XX
Authors: Stürznickel Julian , Jähn-Rickert Katharina , Zustin Jozef , Hennig Floriane , Delsmann Maximilian M. , Schoner Katharina , Rehder Helga , Kreczy Alfons , Schinke Thorsten , Amling Michael , Kornak Uwe , Oheim Ralf 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Multiple genes are known to be associated with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), a phenotypically and genetically heterogenous bone disorder, marked predominantly by low bone mineral density and increased risk of fractures. Recently, mutations affecting MESD, which encodes for a chaperone required for trafficking of the low-density lipoprotein receptors LRP5 and LRP6 in the endoplasmic reticulum, were described to cause autosomal-recessive OI XX in homozygous children. In the present study, whole-exome sequencing of three stillbirths in one family was performed to evaluate the presence of a hereditary disorder. To further characterize the skeletal phenotype, fetal autopsy, bone histology, and quantitative backscattered electron imaging (qBEI) were performed, and the results were compared with those from an age-matched control with regular skeletal phenotype. In each of the affected individuals, compound heterozygous mutations in MESD exon 2 and exon 3 were detected. Based on the skeletal phenotype, which was characterized by multiple intrauterine fractures and severe skeletal deformity, OI XX was diagnosed in these individuals. Histological evaluation of MESD specimens revealed an impaired osseous development with an altered osteocyte morphology and reduced canalicular connectivity. Moreover, analysis of bone mineral density distribution by qBEI indicated an impaired and more heterogeneous matrix mineralization in individuals with MESD mutations than in controls. In contrast to the previously reported phenotypes of individuals with OI XX, the more severe phenotype in the present study is likely explained by a mutation in exon 2, located within the chaperone domain of MESD, that leads to a complete loss of function, which indicates the relevance of MESD in early skeletal development. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR)..
Electrostatically embedded molecules‐in‐molecules approach and its application to molecular clusters
Authors: Tripathy Vikrant , Saha Arjun , Raghavachari Krishnan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe report the application of our fragment‐based quantum chemistry model MIM (Molecules‐In‐Molecules) with electrostatic embedding. The method is termed “EE‐MIM (Electrostatically Embedded Molecules‐In‐Molecules)” and accounts for the missing electrostatic interactions in the subsystems resulting from fragmentation. Point charges placed at the atomic positions are used to represent the interaction of each subsystem with the rest of the molecule with minimal increase in the computational cost. We have carefully calibrated this model on a range of different sizes of clusters containing up to 57 water molecules. The fragmentation methods have been applied with the goal of reproducing the unfragmented total energy at the MP2/6‐311G(d,p) level. Comparative analysis has been carried out between MIM and EE‐MIM to gauge the impact of electrostatic embedding. Performance of several different parameters such as the type of charge and levels of fragmentation are analyzed for the prediction of absolute energies. The use of background charges in subsystem calculations improves the performance of both one‐ and two‐layer MIM while it is noticeably important in the case of one‐layer MIM. Embedded charges for two‐layer MIM are obtained from a full system calculation at the low‐level. For one‐layer MIM, in the absence of a full system calculation, two different types of embedded charges, namely, Geometry dependent (GD) and geometry independent (GI) charges, are used. A self‐consistent procedure is employed to obtain GD charges. We have further tested our method on challenging charged systems with stronger intermolecular interactions, namely, protonated ammonia clusters (containing up to 30 ammonia molecules). The observations are similar to water clusters with improved performance using embedded charges. Overall, the performance of NPA charges as embedded charges is found to be the best.
U7 snRNA: A tool for gene therapy
Authors: Gadgil Ankur , Raczyńska Katarzyna Dorota 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMost U‐rich small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) are complexes that mediate the splicing of pre‐mRNAs. U7 snRNP is an exception in that it is not involved in splicing but is a key factor in the unique 3′ end processing of replication‐dependent histone mRNAs. However, by introducing controlled changes in the U7 snRNA histone binding sequence and in the Sm motif, it can be used as an effective tool for gene therapy. The modified U7 snRNP (U7 Sm OPT) is thus not involved in the processing of replication‐dependent histone pre‐mRNA but targets splicing by inducing efficient skipping or inclusion of selected exons. U7 Sm OPT is of therapeutic importance in diseases that are an outcome of splicing defects, such as myotonic dystrophy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, β‐thalassemia, HIV‐1 infection and spinal muscular atrophy. The benefits of using U7 Sm OPT for gene therapy are its compact size, ability to accumulate in the nucleus without causing any toxic effects in the cells, and no immunoreactivity. The risk of transgene misregulation by using U7 Sm OPT is also low because it is involved in correcting the expression of an endogenous gene controlled by its own regulatory elements. Altogether, using U7 Sm OPT as a tool in gene therapy can ensure lifelong treatment, whereas an oligonucleotide or other drug/compound would require repeated administration. It would thus be strategic to harness these unique properties of U7 snRNP and deploy it as a tool in gene therapy.