bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The elderly harbor greater proportions of advanced histology in subcentimeter adenomas: implications for screening colonoscopy approaches
Authors: Guo Shuang , Gu Jiaoyang , Zhang Dongdong , Wang Xiaoying , Li Shuai 
Published: October 2021

Background
Screening and surveillance for colorectal cancer can reduce both the incidence of this disease and mortality rates attributed to it. Normally, surveillance intervals should be based on baseline colonoscopy findings, and clinicians focus on advanced polyps and perform patient risk stratification to devise surveillance schedules. The aim of the study was to determine differences in advanced colorectal polyp characteristics and consequent risk stratifications in patients of different age groups.

Material and methods
We retrospectively reviewed 14 312 patients during a 5-year period; a total of 13 842 polyps were stratified by their sizes, locations, and histologies. Participants were categorized into three age groups, the <45 years group, the 45–59 years group and the >59 years group, and each group was further stratified as normal, low risk, and high risk.

Results
The <45 years group included 2431 subjects, the 45–59 years group 6258 subjects, and the >59 years group 5623 subjects. The frequency of adenoma and advanced polyps in the proximal colon slightly increased with age. Only 1.0% in the <45 years and 1.3% in the 45–59 years groups of subcentimeter polyps were identified as advanced polyps, less than that in the >59 years group (2.1%). Most patients, especially the elderly, considered as high risk had multiple subcentimeter adenomas.

Conclusion
The processing strategy proposed for subcentimeter polyps in the elderly still needs to be further explored in the future. Clinicians should recognize the importance of performing a detailed scan of the entire colon.
Assessing and Augmenting Predictive Models for Hospital Readmissions With Novel Variables in an Urban Safety-net Population
Authors: Ryan Patrick , Furniss Anna , Breslin Kristin , Everhart Rachel , Hanratty Rebecca , Rice John 
Published: October 2021

Background:
The performance of existing predictive models of readmissions, such as the LACE, LACE+, and Epic models, is not established in urban safety-net populations. We assessed previously validated predictive models of readmission performance in a socially complex, urban safety-net population, and if augmentation with additional variables such as the Area Deprivation Index, mental health diagnoses, and housing access improves prediction. Through the addition of new variables, we introduce the LACE-social determinants of health (SDH) model.

Methods:
This retrospective cohort study included adult admissions from July 1, 2016, to June 30, 2018, at a single urban safety-net health system, assessing the performance of the LACE, LACE+, and Epic models in predicting 30-day, unplanned rehospitalization. The LACE-SDH development is presented through logistic regression. Predictive model performance was compared using C-statistics.

Results:
A total of 16,540 patients met the inclusion criteria. Within the validation cohort (n=8314), the Epic model performed the best (C-statistic=0.71, P<0.05), compared with LACE-SDH (0.67), LACE (0.65), and LACE+ (0.61). The variables most associated with readmissions were (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval) against medical advice discharge (3.19, 2.28–4.45), mental health diagnosis (2.06, 1.72–2.47), and health care utilization (1.94, 1.47–2.55).

Conclusions:
The Epic model performed the best in our sample but requires the use of the Epic Electronic Health Record. The LACE-SDH performed significantly better than the LACE and LACE+ models when applied to a safety-net population, demonstrating the importance of accounting for socioeconomic stressors, mental health, and health care utilization in assessing readmission risk in urban safety-net patients.
Most Early-Treated Children With Perinatally Acquired HIV Have Preserved Lung Function at School Age
Authors: Attia Engi F. , Moraa Hellen , Maleche-Obimbo Elizabeth , Wamalwa Dalton , Gómez Laurén A. , Rylance Sarah , Vundla Rumbidzayi , Ferrand Rashida A. , Karr Catherine J. , John-Stewart Grace C. , Benki-Nugent Sarah F. 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Impaired lung function is common among older children with perinatally acquired HIV (PHIV) who initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) late in childhood. We determined the prevalence of abnormal spirometry and cofactors for impaired lung function among school-age children with PHIV who initiated ART when aged 12 months or younger.

Setting:
Children who received early ART in the Optimizing Pediatric HIV-1 Therapy study in Kenya and underwent spirometry at school age.

Methods:
Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were measured. Abnormal spirometry was defined as follows: obstructive (FEV1/FVC <1.64 z score [zFEV1/FVC]) and restricted (zFVC <1.64 with zFEV1/FVC ≥1.64). Characteristics, including anthropometric and HIV-related data, were ascertained in infancy and at school age. Caregiver carbon monoxide exposure served as a proxy for school-age child exposure. Linear regression determined associations of cofactors with lung function.

Results:
Among 40 children, the median age was 5 months at ART initiation and 8.5 years at spirometry. The mean zFEV1, zFVC, and zFEV1/FVC (SD) were 0.21 (1.35), 0.31 (1.22), and −0.24 (0.82), respectively. Five (13%) children had abnormal spirometry. Spirometry z scores were significantly lower among children with pre-ART pneumonia, WHO HIV stage 3/4, higher HIV RNA at 6 months after ART initiation, low anthropometric z scores, and higher carbon monoxide exposure.

Conclusions:
Most of the children with PHIV who initiated ART at age 12 months or younger had normal spirometry, suggesting that ART in infancy preserved lung function. However, 13% had abnormal spirometry despite early ART. Modifiable factors were associated with impaired lung function, providing potential targets for interventions to prevent chronic lung disease.
Aquariibacter albus gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the order Burkholderiales, isolated from a freshwater aquarium
Authors: Cui Yingshun , Park Chan-Yeong , Kim Song-Yeon , Wong Shu-Kuan , Lim An Suk , Oh Hee-Mock , Chun Seong-Jun , Ahn Chi-Yong 
Published: October 2021

A novel bacterium, strain SJAQ100T, was isolated from a freshwater aquarium and was characterized taxonomically and phylogenetically. Strain SJAQ100T was a Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium. The strain grew optimally with 0 % NaCl and at 25–37 °C on Reasoner's 2A agar. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strain SJAQ100T clustered with members of Burkholderiales incertae sedis in the order

Burkholderiales

, but sequence similarities to known species were less than 96.5 %. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain SJAQ100T was 71.2 mol%. Genomic comparisons of strain SJAQ100T with species in the order

Burkholderiales

were made using the Genome-to-Genome Distance Calculator, average nucleotide identity and average amino acid identity analyses (values indicated ≤22.1, ≤78.1, and ≤68.1 % respectively). Strain SJAQ100T contained C16 : 0 and C16 : 1
ω7c/C16 : 1
ω6c as major fatty acids and Q-8 as the major quinone. The major polyamines were putrescine and cadaverine. Strain SJAQ100T contained phosphatidylethanolamine and diphosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids. Based on the genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic results, strain SJAQ100T represents a novel genus and species, Aquariibacter albus gen. nov., sp. nov., which belongs to order

Burkholderiales

and the class

Betaproteobacteria

. The type strain is SJAQ100T (=KCTC 72203T=CGMCC 1.18869T=MCC 4385T).
Human Genetics of Face Recognition: Discovery ofMCTP2Mutations in Humans with Face Blindness (Congenital Prosopagnosia)
Authors: Sun Yun , Men Weiwei , Fang Wan , Zhou Enxing , Yang Wei , Li Zhiqiang , Zheng Hou-Feng , Rao Yi 
Published: October 2021

SUMMARYFace recognition is important for both visual and social cognition. While congenital prosopagnosia (CP) or face blindness has been known for seven decades and electrophysiological studies have characterized face specific neurons for half a century, no molecular analyses have been undertaken. Here we report results of research combining classic genetics and modern genomics. From a large family with 18 CP members, we uncovered a fully co-segregating private mutation in theMCTP2gene which encodes a calcium binding transmembrane protein expressed in the central nervous system. More rare mutations inMCTP2were detected in CP families and were also associated with CPs in the cohort study. In another cohort of 1757, face recognition was different between 14 carriers with a frameshift mutation S80fs inMCTP2and 19 non-carrying volunteers. 6 families including one with 10 members showed the S80fs-CP correlation. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) indicates that impaired recognition of individual faces by CPs with theMCTP2mutations is associated with inability to recognize the same faces in the right fusiform face area (rFFA). Our results have revealed the genetic predisposition ofMCTP2mutations in CP, 74 years after the initial report of CP. This is the first time a gene required for a higher form of visual social cognition was found in humans.
Tools for Drawing Informative Idiograms
Authors: Mahmoudi Shoaeib , Mirzaghaderi Ghader 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEach species has a typical karyotype, which represents the phenotypic appearance of the somatic chromosomes including number, size, and morphology. Idiogram is a diagrammatic representation of the chromosomes showing their relative size, homologous groups and different cytogenetic landmarks. Chromosomal analysis of cytological preparations is an essential component of many investigations which involves the calculation of karyotypic parameters and generation of idiogram. Although various tools are available for karyotype analysis, here we demonstrate karyotype analysis using our recently developed tool named KaryoMeasure. KaryoMeasure is a semi-automated free and user-friendly karyotype analysis software that facilitates data collection from different digital images of the metaphase chromosome spreads and calculates a wide variety of chromosomal and karyotypic parameters along with the related standard errors. KaryoMeasure draws idiograms of both diploid and allopolyploid species into a vector-based SVG or PDF image file.
A NET4-RabG3 couple mediate the link between actin and the tonoplast and is essential for normal actin cytoskeletal remodelling in stomatal closure to flg22
Authors: Hawkins Timothy J. , Kopischke Michaela , Mentlak David A. , Duckney Patrick , Kroon Johan T.M. , Bui Mai Thu , Richardson A. Christine , Casey Mary , Alexander Agnieszka , De Jaeger Geert , Kalde Monika , Moore Ian , Dagdas Yasin , Hussey Patrick J. , Robatzek Silke 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMembers of the NETWORKED (NET) family are involved in actin-membrane interactions. They tether the cell’s plasma membrane (PM) to the actin network. Moreover, in a similar manner, they are also involved in the tethering of membrane bound organelles to the actin cytoskeleton; the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the ER to the PM. This raises the question as to whether NET proteins are involved in actin cytoskeletal remodelling. Here we show that two members of the NET family, NET4A and NET4B, are essential for normal guard cell actin reorganization, which is a process critical for stomatal closure in plant immunity. NET4 proteins interact with F-actin and with members of the Rab7 GTPase RABG3 family through two distinct domains, allowing for simultaneous localization to actin filaments and the tonoplast. NET4 proteins interact with GTP-bound, active RABG3 members, suggesting their function as downstream effectors. We also show that RABG3b is critical for stomatal closure induced by microbial patterns. Taken together, we conclude that the actin cytoskeletal remodelling during stomatal closure depends on a molecular link between actin filaments and the tonoplast, which is mediated by the NET4-RABG3b interaction. We propose that stomatal closure to microbial patterns involves the coordinated action of immune signalling events and proper actin cytoskeletal remodelling.
Computational design of highly signaling active membrane receptors throughde novosolvent-mediated allosteric networks
Authors: Chen K-Y. , Lai J.K. , Wang J. , Russell A.M. , Conners K. , Rutter M.E. , Condon B. , Tung F. , Kodandapani L. , Chau B. , Zhao X. , Benach J. , Baker K. , Hembre E.J. , Barth P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractProtein catalysis and allostery require the atomic-level orchestration and motion of residues, ligand, solvent and protein effector molecules, but the ability to design protein activity through precise protein-solvent cooperative interactions has not been demonstrated. Here, we report the design of a dozen novel membrane receptors catalyzing G-protein nucleotide exchange through diversede novoengineered allosteric pathways mediated by cooperative networks of intra-protein, protein-ligand and solvent molecule interactions. Consistent with the predictions, designed protein activities strongly correlated with the level of solvent-mediated interaction network plasticity at flexible transmembrane helical interfaces. Several designs displayed considerably enhanced thermostability and activity compared to related natural receptors. The most stable and active variant crystallized in an unforeseen signaling active conformation, in excellent agreement with the design models. The allosteric network topologies of the best designs bear limited similarity to those of natural receptors and reveal a space of allosteric interactions larger than previously inferred from natural proteins. The approach should prove useful for engineering proteins with novel complex protein catalytic and signaling activities.
Enhanced keratin extraction from wool waste using a deep eutectic solvent
Authors: Okoro Oseweuba Valentine , Jafari Hafez , Hobbi Parinaz , Nie Lei , Alimoradi Houman , Shavandi Amin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this study, the solubilisation of waste coarse wool as a precursory step for the large scale valorisation of keratin was investigated using a green deep eutectic solvent (DES) based on L-cysteine and lactic acid. The investigation was undertaken via the response surface methodology and based on the Box-Behnken design for four process variables of temperature (70-110 °C), dissolution time (2-10 h), the mass of L-cysteine (0.5-2.5 g) in 20 mL of lactic acid, and wool load in the DES (0.2-0.6 g). The effect of variations in temperature was established to be the most significant process variable influencing keratin yield from waste coarse wool in the current work. An optimum keratin yield (93.77 wt.%) was obtained at the temperature of 105 °C, 8 h dissolution time, with 1.6 g L-cysteine in 20 mL of lactic acid using 0.5 g of wool. This study suggests L-cysteine and lactic acid as a green solvent with the potential to scale up keratin recovery from waste wool without significant destruction in the structure of the recovered keratin.HighlightsKeratin recovery from wool using deep eutectic solvent was assessedThe basis for the use of the new deep eutectic solvent was discussedThe effects of the process variables on keratin yield were exploredKeratin recovered was optimised and characterised.
Are Machines-learning Methods More Efficient than Humans in Triaging Literature for Systematic Reviews?
Authors: Abogunrin Seye , Queiros Luisa , Bednarski Mateusz , Sumner Marc , Baehrens David , Witzmann Andreas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSystematic literature reviews provide rigorous assessments of clinical, cost-effectiveness, and humanistic data. Accordingly, there is a growing trend worldwide among healthcare agencies and decision-makers to require them in order to make informed decisions. Because these reviews are labor-intensive and time consuming, we applied advanced analytic methods (AAM) to determine if machine learning methods could classify abstracts as well as humans. Literature searches were run for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer treatments (mNSCLC) and metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Records were reviewed by humans and two AAMs. AAM-1 involved a pre-trained data-mining model specialized in biomedical literature, and AAM-2 was based on support vector machine algorithms. The AAMs assigned an accept/reject status, with reasons for exclusion. Automatic results were compared to those of humans. For mNSCLC, 5820 records were processed by humans and 440 (8%) records were accepted and the remaining items rejected. AAM-1 correctly accepted 6% of records and correctly excluded 79%. AAM-2 correctly accepted 6% of records and correctly excluded 82%. The review was completed by AAM-1 or AAM-2 in 52 hours, compared to 196 hours for humans. Work saved was estimated to be 76% and 79% by AAM-1 and AAM-2, respectively. For mCRPC, 2434 records were processed by humans and 26% of these were accepted and 74% rejected. AAM-1 correctly accepted 23% of records and rejected 62%. AAM-2 correctly accepted 20% of records and rejected 66%. The review was completed by AAM-1, AAM-2, and humans in 25, 25 and 85 hours, respectively. Work saved was estimated to be 61% and 68% by AAM-1 and AAM-2, respectively. AAMs can markedly reduce the time required for searching and triaging records during a systematic review. Methods similar to AAMs should be assessed in future research for how consistent their performances are in SLRs of economic, epidemiological and humanistic evidence.
A multi-attribute approach to select the best method for repairing river bridge columns
Authors: Salmaninezhad Mitra , Jazayeri Moghaddas S. Mahmood 
Published: October 2021

PurposePier scour is one of the main causes of damage to the columns of the river bridges. It is essential to select the best method among various repair methods based on different evaluation indices. However, there is no procedure for ranking these repair methods based on their attributes. The present study seeks to set an approach for this ranking.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, a multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) model is presented for ranking the repair techniques, in which alternatives are examined using the most important evaluation criteria. In addition, a combination of entropy and eigenvector methods has been proposed for weighting these attributes. A case study is then used to demonstrate the applicability and the validity of the method.FindingsThe execution of the model using two multi-criteria methods yielded similar results, which confirms its accuracy and precision. Moreover, the research findings showed the consistency of the objective and subjective weighting methods and the conformity of the weights obtained for the attributes from the combination of these methods to the nature of the problem.Originality/valueThe selection of the proper method for repairing the bridge columns plays an essential role in success of the bridge restoration. The proposed model introduces an approach for ranking repair methods and selecting the best one that has not been presented so far. Also, the weighing method for attributes is an innovative method for ranking restoration methods that has been proven in a case study.
Crowd modelling: aggregating non-expert views as a method for theorizing
Authors: González Aguilar Octavio 
Published: October 2021

PurposeThis paper aims to introduce a crowd-based method for theorizing. The purpose is not to achieve a scientific theory. On the contrary, the purpose is to achieve a model that may challenge current scientific theories or lead research in new phenomena.Design/methodology/approachThis paper describes a case study of theorizing by using a crowd-based method. The first section of the paper introduces what do the authors know about crowdsourcing, crowd science and the aggregation of non-expert views. The second section details the case study. The third section analyses the aggregation. Finally, the fourth section elaborates the conclusions, limitations and future research.FindingsThis document answers to what extent the crowd-based method produces similar results to theories tested and published by experts.Research limitations/implicationsFrom a theoretical perspective, this study provides evidence to support the research agenda associated with crowd science. The main limitation of this study is that the crowded research models and the expert research models are compared in terms of the graph. Nevertheless, some academics may argue that theory building is about an academic heritage.Practical implicationsThis paper exemplifies how to obtain an expert-level research model by aggregating the views of non-experts.Social implicationsThis study is particularly important for institutions with limited access to costly databases, labs and researchers.Originality/valuePrevious research suggested that a collective of individuals may help to conduct all the stages of a research endeavour. Nevertheless, a formal method for theorizing based on the aggregation of non-expert views does not exist. This paper provides the method and evidence of its practical implications.
The life expectancy of tech start-ups in India: what attributes impact tech start-ups' failures?
Authors: Kalyanasundaram Ganesaraman , Ramachandrula Sitaram , Mungila Hillemane Bala Subrahmanya 
Published: October 2021

PurposeEntrepreneurs nurture their ambitions of founding tech start-ups that facilitate significant innovations despite vulnerability and considerable uncertainty by resolutely addressing multiple challenges to avert failures. The paper aims to answer how soon do tech start-ups fail, given their lifecycle comprising multiple stages of formation and what attributes hasten failure of tech start-ups over their lifecycle? These questions have not been answered adequately, particularly in the context of India's emerging economy, where an aspiring start-up ecosystem is striving to flourish at an exceptional rate.Design/methodology/approachThe study addressed two specific objectives: (1) Does life expectancy vary between life-cycle stages? and (2) What attributes impact tech start-ups' failures? Primary data were gathered from 151 cofounders (101 who have experienced failure and 50 who are successful and continuing their operations) from India's 6 leading start-up hubs. The survival analysis techniques were used, including non-parametric Kaplan–Meier estimator, to study the first objective and semi-parametric Cox proportional hazard regression to explore the second objective.FindingsThe survival probability log-rank statistics ascertain that life expectancy is different across the life-cycle stages, namely emergence, stability and growth. The hazard ratios (HRs) throw light on attributes like stage, revenue, conflict with investors, number of current start-ups, cofounder experience, level of confidence (LoC) and educational qualifications as the key attributes that influence start-up life expectancy over its lifecycle.Practical implicationsThe empirical study on tech start-ups' life expectancy has practical implications for entrepreneurs and investors besides guiding the ecosystem's policymakers. First, the study helps entrepreneurs plan for resources and be aware of their start-up journey's potential pitfalls. Second, the study helps investors to establish the engagement framework and plan their future funding strategy. Third, the study helps policymakers to design and establish progressive support mechanisms that can prevent a start-up's failure.Originality/valueFirst and foremost, start-up life expectancy study by life-cycle stages provide detailed insights on start-ups' failures. The theoretical framework defined is replicable, scalable and distinctly measurable for studying the start-up failure phenomenon. The life expectancy of tech start-ups by life-cycle stage is a critical empirical contribution. Next, the attributes impacting start-up life expectancy are identified in the context of an emerging economy.