bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IMMUNOCORRECTION OF PATIENTS IN COMPLEX TREATMENT WITH COMBINED INJURIES OF THE FACE BONES
Authors: Ibragimov Davron , Boymuradov Shukhrat , Gaffarov Usmon , Iskhakova Zukhra , Valieva Farangiza , Исматов Навруз , Kuchkorov Firdavs 
Published: March 2021

The aim of this work is to study the effectiveness of immunomodulatory therapy with the approved drug polyoxidonium in the treatment of patients with concomitant craniofacial injuries.
The study involved 22 patients with concomitant craniofacial injuries as part of complex therapy received polyoxidonium at a dose of 6 mg / m once for 5 days. Clinical and immunological examination was carried out at admission and on the 10th day after the start of treatment. Examination and treatment of patients was carried out at the clinical base of the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery of the Samarkand State Medical Institute in the specialized department of maxillofacial surgery of the Samarkand City Medical Association. The patients were divided into 2 groups:1-group of 10 patients with concomitant injuries of the lower face zone.2- group of 12 patients with concomitant injuries of the midface.The control group consisted of the results of examination of 11 healthy individuals of the same age. It has been proven that in patients with combined injuries of the bones of the facial skeleton from the midface zone, the use of polyoxidonium gives a pronounced immuno-corrective effect at the level of the cellular link of immunity. In the dynamics of complex treatment, positive dynamics were noted in the indices of the content of CD3, CD4, CD16-lymphocytes normalized and were statistically significant in patients with a low baseline level.
The effect of meteorological conditions and atmospheric composition in the occurrence and development of new particle formation (NPF) events in Europe
Authors: Bousiotis Dimitrios , Brean James , Pope Francis D. , Dall'Osto Manuel , Querol Xavier , Alastuey Andrés , Perez Noemi , Petäjä Tuukka , Massling Andreas , Nøjgaard Jacob Klenø , Nordstrøm Claus , Kouvarakis Giorgos , Vratolis Stergios , Eleftheriadis Konstantinos , Niemi Jarkko V. , Portin Harri , Wiedensohler Alfred , Weinhold Kay , Merkel Maik , Tuch Thomas , Harrison Roy M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Although new particle formation (NPF) events have been studied extensively
for some decades, the mechanisms that drive their occurrence and development
are yet to be fully elucidated. Laboratory studies have done much to
elucidate the molecular processes involved in nucleation, but this knowledge
has yet to be conclusively linked to NPF events in the atmosphere. There is
great difficulty in successful application of the results from laboratory
studies to real atmospheric conditions due to the diversity of atmospheric
conditions and observations found, as NPF events occur almost everywhere in
the world without always following a clearly defined trend of frequency,
seasonality, atmospheric conditions, or event development. The present study seeks common features in nucleation events by applying a
binned linear regression over an extensive dataset from 16 sites of various
types (combined dataset of 85 years from rural and urban backgrounds as well
as roadside sites) in Europe. At most sites, a clear positive relation with the frequency of NPF events is
found between the solar radiation intensity (up to R2=0.98),
temperature (up to R2=0.98), and atmospheric pressure (up to R2=0.97), while relative humidity (RH)
presents a negative relation (up to R2=0.95) with NPF event
frequency, though exceptions were found among the sites for all the
variables studied. Wind speed presents a less consistent relationship, which
appears to be heavily affected by local conditions. While some
meteorological variables (such as the solar radiation intensity and RH)
appear to have a crucial effect on the occurrence and characteristics of NPF
events, especially at rural sites, it appears that their role becomes less
marked at higher average values. The analysis of chemical composition data presents interesting results.
Concentrations of almost all chemical compounds studied (apart from O3)
and the condensation sink (CS) have a negative relationship with NPF event
frequency, though areas with higher average concentrations of SO2 had
higher NPF event frequency. Particulate organic carbon (OC), volatile
organic compounds (VOCs), and particulate-phase sulfate consistently had a
positive relation with the growth rate of the newly formed particles. As
with some meteorological variables, it appears that at increased
concentrations of pollutants or the CS, their influence upon NPF frequency
is reduced.
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA DI KELAS VI SD NEGERI 62/II PADANG LALANG DENGAN PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE TAI (TEAM ASSISTED INDIVIDUALIZATION)
Authors: ASMAWATI ASMAWATI 
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektifan model pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe TAI (Team Assisted Individualization). Dari hasil-hasil penelitian dilakukan pembelajaran tentang konduktor dan isolator dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe TAI (Team Assisted Individualization). Secara khusus bahwa pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe TAI (Team Assisted Individualization) lebih meningkatkan hasil belajar, penggunaan model pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe TAI (Team Assisted Individualization) membuat kegiatan pembelajaran lebih menyenangkan, siswa terlibat aktif dan siswa menguasai pembelajaran. Pada siklus I sebanyak 5 orang (29,41%) yang mengajukan pendapat dan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 13 orang (76,47 %). Siswa yang aktif dalam diskusi juga meningkat yaitu pada siklus I sebanyak 6 orang (35,29%) dan meningkat pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 14 orang (82,35%).Kemudian aktivitas menjawab pertanyaan juga meningkat pada siklus I sebanyak 6 orang (35,29 %) dan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 15 orang (88,23 %). Kemudian aktivitas membantu mengerjakan tugas juga meningkat yaitu sebanyak 11 orang pada siklus I kemudian sebanyak 17 orang (100%) pada siklus II. Jadi model pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe TAI (Team Assisted Individualization) efektif untuk meningkatkan aktivitas dna hasil belajar siswa.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE STAD PADA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS IX 2 SMP NEGERI 01 MUARA BUNGO
Authors: Sari Siti Komala 
Published: March 2021

Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah hasil belajar peserta didik masih rendah dan belum mencapai harapan. Rendahnya hasil belajar peserta didik pada mata pelajaran Matematika ini diduga disebabkan oleh ketidaksesuaian model pembelajaran yang digunakan guru dalam pembelajaran Matematika. Model ceramah yang biasa digunakan guru dalam mengajar merupakan pembelajaran satu arah, sehingga cenderung membuat peserta didik menjadi pasif dalam belajar. Jenis penelitian ini Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (classroom action research). Sampel yang diambil berjumlah sebanyak 28 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan “total Sampling”. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes dan observasi. Hasil penelitian hasil peneilitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD memiliki dampak positif dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari semakin mantapnya pemahaman dan penguasaan peserta didik terhadap materi yang telah disampaikan guru selama ini (ketuntasan belajar meningkat dari sklus I, dan II yaitu masing-masing 67,85%, dan 92,85%.
Comparative transcriptome and flavonoids components analysis reveal the structural genes responsible for the yellow seed coat color of Brassica rapa L.
Authors: Ren Yanjing , Zhang Ning , Li Ru , Ma Xiaomin , Zhang Lugang 
Published: March 2021

Background
Seed coat color is an important horticultural trait in Brassica crops, which is divided into two categories: brown/black and yellow. Seeds with yellow seed coat color have higher oil quality, higher protein content and lower fiber content. Yellow seed coat color is therefore considered a desirable trait in hybrid breeding of Brassica rapa, Brassica juncea and Brassica napus.

Methods
Comprehensive analysis of the abundance transcripts for seed coat color at three development stages by RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and corresponding flavonoids compounds by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were carried out in B. rapa.

Results
We identified 41,286 unigenes with 4,989 differentially expressed genes between brown seeds (B147) and yellow seeds (B80) at the same development stage. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis identified 19 unigenes associated with the phenylpropanoid, flavonoid, flavone and flavonol biosynthetic pathways as involved in seed coat color formation. Interestingly, expression levels of early biosynthetic genes (BrCHS, BrCHI, BrF3H, BrF3’H and BrFLS) in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway were down-regulated while late biosynthetic genes (BrDFR, BrLDOX and BrBAN) were hardly or not expressed in seeds of B80. At the same time, BrTT8 and BrMYB5 were down-regulated in B80. Results of LC-MS also showed that epicatechin was not detected in seeds of B80. We validated the accuracy of our RNA-seq data by RT-qPCR of nine critical genes. Epicatechin was not detected in seeds of B80 by LC-MS/MS.

Conclusions
The expression levels of flavonoid biosynthetic pathway genes and the relative content of flavonoid biosynthetic pathway metabolites clearly explained yellow seed color formation in B. rapa. This study provides a foundation for further research on the molecular mechanism of seed coat color formation.
Barriers to Taking Medications for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Qualitative Study of Racial Minority Patients, Lupus Providers, and Clinic Staff
Authors: Sun Kai , Corneli Amy L. , Dombeck Carrie , Swezey Teresa , Rogers Jennifer L. , Criscione‐Schreiber Lisa G. , Sadun Rebecca E. , Eudy Amanda M. , Doss Jayanth , Bosworth Hayden B. , Clowse Megan E. B. 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveUnderrepresented racial and ethnic minorities are disproportionately affected by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Racial and ethnic minorities also have more severe SLE manifestations that require use of immunosuppressive medications, and often have lower rates of medication adherence. We aimed to explore barriers of adherence to SLE immunosuppressive medications among minority SLE patients.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative descriptive study using in‐depth interviews with a purposive sample of racial minority SLE patients taking oral immunosuppressants (methotrexate, azathioprine, or mycophenolate), and lupus clinic providers and staff. Interviews were audiorecorded, transcribed, and analyzed using applied thematic analysis. We grouped themes using the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, Behavior conceptual model.ResultsWe interviewed 12 SLE patients (4 adherent, 8 nonadherent) and 12 providers and staff. We identified capability barriers to include external factors related to acquiring medications, specifically cost‐, pharmacy‐, and clinic‐related issues; opportunity barriers to include external barriers to taking medications, specifically logistic‐ and medication‐related issues; and motivation factors to include intrinsic barriers, encompassing patients' knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and physical and mental health. The most frequently described barriers were cost, side effects, busyness/forgetting, and lack of understanding, although barriers differed by patient and adherence level, with logistic and intrinsic barriers described predominantly by nonadherent patients and side effects described predominantly by adherent patients.ConclusionOur findings suggest that interventions may be most impactful if they are designed to facilitate logistics of taking medications and increase patients' motivation while allowing for personalization to address the individual differences in adherence barriers.
Rural‐urban differences in diagnostic incidence and prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias
Authors: Rahman Momotazur , White Elizabeth M. , Mills Caroline , Thomas Kali S. , Jutkowitz Eric 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionUnderstanding rural‐urban variation in the diagnostic incidence and prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) will inform policies to improve timely diagnosis and access to supportive services for older adults in rural communities.MethodsUsing 2008 to 2015 national claims data for fee‐for‐service Medicare beneficiaries (roughly 170 million person‐years), we computed unadjusted and adjusted diagnostic incidence and prevalence estimates for ADRD in metropolitan, micropolitan, and rural counties, and examined differences in survival rates.ResultsRisk‐adjusted ADRD diagnostic incidence was higher in rural versus metropolitan counties despite lower prevalence. Among beneficiaries diagnosed with ADRD in 2008, metropolitan county residents experienced longer survival compared to residents in rural and micropolitan counties.DiscussionThese data suggest that older adults in rural communities may be underdiagnosed with ADRD, and/or diagnosed at later stages of dementia. Further work is needed to develop strategies to reduce this disparity.
Porous Colloidal Hydrogels Formed by Coordination‐Driven Self‐Assembly of Charged Metal‐Organic Polyhedra
Authors: Wang Zaoming , Craig Gavin A. , Legrand Alexandre , Haase Frederik , Minami Saori , Urayama Kenji , Furukawa Shuhei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroduction of porosity into supramolecular gels endows soft materials with functionalities for molecular encapsulation, release, separation and conversion. Metal‐organic polyhedra (MOPs), discrete coordination cages containing an internal cavity, have recently been employed as building blocks to construct polymeric gel networks with potential porosity. However, most of the materials can only be synthesized in organic solvents, and the examples of porous, MOP‐based hydrogels are scarce. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of porous hydrogels based on [Rh2(OH‐bdc)2]12, a rhodium‐based MOP containing hydroxyl groups on its periphery (OH‐bdc=5‐hydroxy‐1,3‐benzenedicarboxylate). By simply deprotonating [Rh2(OH‐bdc)2]12 with the base NaOH, the supramolecular polymerization between MOPs and organic linkers can be induced in the aqueous solution, leading to the kinetically controllable formation of hydrogels with hierarchical colloidal networks. When heating the deprotonated MOP, Nax[Rh24(O‐bdc)x(OH‐bdc)24‐x], to induce gelation, the MOP was found to partially decompose, affecting the mechanical property of the resulting gels. By applying a post‐synthetic deprotonation strategy, we show that the deprotonation degree of the MOP can be altered after the gel formation without serious decomposition of the MOPs. Gas sorption measurements confirmed the permanent porosity of the corresponding aerogels obtained from these MOP‐based hydrogels, showing potentials for applications in gas sorption and catalysis.
Supplement therapy with apelin for improving the TSH level and lipid disorders in PTU‐induced hypothyroid rats
Authors: Badavi Mohammad , Grootveld Martin , Jafari Fereshteh , Dianat Mahin , Faraji Shahrivar Farzaneh 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHyperlipidemia is a common metabolic disorder in the general population, which may arise in hypothyroidism. Apelin is an endogenous ligand that acts as an adiponectin, and is involved in energy storage and metabolism. This study evaluated the effects of apelin administration per se or in combination with T4 on the serum level of thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH), body weight, and lipid profile, along with the serum level of apelin, and its mRNA expression in heart, in 6‐propyl‐2‐thiouracil (PTU)‐induced hypothyroid rats. Male Wistar rats were assigned to five different groups: control, H (hypothyroid), H+A, H+T, and H+A+T. All groups except the control one received PTU (0.05%) in the drinking water for 6 weeks. In addition to PTU, the H+A, H+T, and H+A+T groups received apelin (200 μg/kg/day, i.p.), l‐thyroxin (T4) (20 μg/kg/day, via gavage tube), and apelin+T4 during the last 14 days of the trial, respectively. A combined application of T4 and apelin in the H+A+T group effectively diminished mean TSH level, low‐density‐lipoprotein cholesterol/high‐density‐lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, and atherogenic index in these animals when compared with these values for the H group. Coadministration of apelin with T4 may offer valuable therapeutic benefits, specifically lowering blood plasma TSH, lipid disorder, and atherosclerosis biomarkers in PTU‐induced hypothyroid rats.
Recent Progress in Core@Shell Sulfide Electrode Materials for Advanced Supercapacitor Devices
Authors: Gonçalves Josué M. , da Silva Matheus I. , Hasheminejad Meisam , Toma Henrique E. , Araki Koiti , Martins Paulo R. , Angnes Lucio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHighly conductive and surface area complex hierarchical 3D core@shell nanostructures made of multi‐metallic multi‐valence sulfides are being specially designed as electrode materials of high performance and high power supercapacitors. In fact, bimetallic and trimetallic sulfides have outstanding redox properties as compared with the corresponding single‐phase sulfide based materials, and much higher electrical conductivity than the analogue oxide materials, being excellent materials for the design of core@shell structures with exceptional charge capacity, power, and energy performance. For this purpose, the core material should exhibit high charge diffusion rates and large specific capacitance, while the shell should improve the surface area by promoting a greater accessibility to the electroactive sites thus maximizing the charge capacity and conductivity. In this context, a rational design of nanostructured materials encompassing advanced 2D materials (such as graphene, MXene, black phosphorus, transition metal hydroxides, etc.), as well as carbon materials such as CNTs and carbon cloth, seems to be a very promising strategy to realize flexible enough electrode materials for the development of wearable devices, self‐charged energy storage devices and microsupercapacitors. In all cases, multi‐metallic sulfide‐based core@shell materials play a key role as electroactive materials for realization of high performance, portable and flexible energy storage devices paving the way to a more advanced and sustainable society.
Characteristics of T‐cell responses in COVID‐19 patients with prolonged SARS‐CoV‐2 positivity – a cohort study
Authors: Yang Jingyi , Zhong Maohua , Hong Ke , Yang Qingyu , Zhang Ejuan , Zhou Dihan , Xia Jianbo , Chen Yao‐Qing , Sun Mingbo , Zhao Bali , Xiang Jie , Liu Ying , Han Yang , Xu Mengxin , Zhou Xi , Huang Chaolin , Shang You , Yan Huimin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveSARS‐CoV‐2 has caused a worldwide pandemic of COVID‐19. The existence of prolonged SARS‐CoV‐2 positivity (PP) has further increased the burden on the health system. Since T cells are vital for viral control, we aimed to evaluate the characteristics of T‐cell responses associated with PP.MethodsWe established a PP cohort and two age‐ and sex‐matched control cohorts: a regular clinical recovery (CR) cohort and a healthy donor (HD) cohort. The mean time for RNA negativity conversion in the PP cohort was markedly longer than that in the CR cohort (66.2 vs 25.3 days), while the time from illness onset to sampling was not significantly different. T‐cell responses in the PP cohort were assayed, analysed and compared with those in the CR and HD cohorts by flow cytometry and ELISpot analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells.ResultsCompared with the CR cohort, the proliferation, activation and functional potential of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in the PP cohort were not significantly different. However, the frequencies and counts of Teff and Tem in CD8+ but not in CD4+ T cells of the PP cohort were prominently lower. Moreover, a weaker SARS‐CoV‐2 N protein‐specific IFN‐γ+ T‐cell response and a higher frequency of Tregs were detected in the PP cohort.ConclusionSuppressed CD8+ T‐cell differentiation is associated with PP and may be an indicator for the prediction of prolonged SARS‐CoV‐2 positivity in COVID‐19 patients. The association between suppressed CD8+ T‐cell differentiation and elevated Tregs warrants studies in the future.
Tail autotomy works as a pre‐capture defense by deflecting attacks
Authors: Naidenov Laura A. , Allen William L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCaudal autotomy is a dramatic antipredator adaptation where prey shed their tail in order to escape capture by a predator. The mechanism underlying the effectiveness of caudal autotomy as a pre‐capture defense has not been thoroughly investigated. We tested two nonexclusive hypotheses, that caudal autotomy works by providing the predator with a “consolation prize” that makes it break off the hunt to consume the shed tail, and the deflection hypothesis, where the autotomy event directs predator attacks to the autotomized tail enabling prey escape. Our experiment utilized domestic dogs Canis familiaris as model predator engaged to chase a snake‐like stimulus with a detachable tail. The tail was manipulated to vary in length (long versus short) and conspicuousness (green versus blue), with the prediction that dog attacks on the tail should increase with length under the consolation‐prize hypothesis and conspicuous color under the deflection hypothesis. The tail was attacked on 35% of trials, supporting the potential for pre‐capture autotomy to offer antipredator benefits. Dogs were attracted to the tail when it was conspicuously colored, but not when it was longer. This supports the idea that deflection of predator attacks through visual effects is the prime antipredator mechanism underlying the effectiveness of caudal autotomy as opposed to provision of a consolation prize meal.
Selection of relays based on the classification of mobility‐type and localized network metrics in the Internet of Vehicles
Authors: Fabian Philippe , Rachedi Abderrezak , Guéguen Cédric 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe ever increasing amount of connected mobile devices and users in the Internet of vehicles and the fact bicycles, electric scooters and users' smartphones are also connected poses a real challenge in terms of ensuring quality of service. The constantly changing topology due to the high‐mobility of devices and users greatly impacts its stability and the connectivity of devices. Furthermore, to ensure safety of people in the case of autonomous vehicles it is of paramount importance to ensure excellent reliability. This is why we have developed a solution that is based on machine learning to classify devices according to their mobility profile and that uses a scoring system to select the best candidates to act as mobile relays amongst devices with a suitable mobility profile. The scoring system allows to find critical locations in terms of user density. This solution does not require a dedicated infrastructure such as road side units. Simulations results will show the proposed solution increases the packet delivery ratio by up to 6%, reduces the energy consumption by up to 30% and increases the efficiency of bandwidth usage without sacrificing the end delay of users and devices compared with the state‐of‐the‐art.