bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Case against a 4% Inflation Target
Authors: KARA ENGIN , YATES TONY 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe reformulate the standard New Keynesian model to include heterogeneity in price stickiness suggested by microevidence on price changes and to allow for positive trend inflation. In the new model, higher trend inflation leads to a relatively greater long‐run output loss and, consequently, a smaller determinacy region than in the standard model. When trend inflation is 4%, the determinacy region of the new model is almost nonexistent, cautioning against increasing the inflation target to 4% as a means to avoid the zero lower bound in the future and pointing to the costs that high inflation may have had in the past.
Construction of P–T–t paths for eclogite in the Tongbai orogen by combining phase equilibria modelling with zircon inclusion composition
Authors: Zhang Qiang‐Qiang , Gao Xiao‐Ying , Zheng Yong‐Fei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe interpretation of metamorphic ages for zircon domains in eclogite remains challenging because of the uncertainties in interpreting their rare earth element (REE) patterns and mineral inclusions. This has seriously hindered the construction of robust pressure (P)–temperature (T)–time (t) paths for eclogites from collisional orogens. In this study, a composite approach is used to obtain a reliable P–T path for eclogite from the Tongbai orogen and quantitatively attribute zircon U–Pb ages to specific P–T intervals. An integrated study using isochemical phase diagram section (pseudosection) modelling, multi‐equilibrium thermobarometry, and the Zr‐in‐rutile thermometry with petrographic observations indicates that the target eclogite experienced multistage metamorphic evolution. The evolution is characterized by a clockwise P–T path with compressional heating for peak eclogite facies metamorphism at 588 ± 20°C and 26.7 ± 2.8 kbar and two stages of isothermal decompression from an early stage of amphibole eclogite facies metamorphism at 15–10 kbar to a late stage of amphibolite facies metamorphism at pressures of <10 kbar. Metamorphic zircon domains in eclogite and quartz vein show relatively flat patterns of heavy REE without notable Eu anomalies but different cathodoluminescence responses and middle REE (MREE) contents. This indicates their growth in different stages of eclogite facies metamorphism, which are categorized into two groups. The first group is composed of bright rims or homogenous grains that are characterized by low MREE contents, suggesting the existence of abundant amphibole during the metamorphism. The compositional isopleths of amphibole inclusions indicate that this group of zircon domains would form by hydration during crustal exhumation to amphibole eclogite facies at 240 ± 2 Ma. The second group consists of dark sector mantles and shows high MREE contents, indicating the prograde to peak metamorphism with significant decomposition of amphibole or lawsonite during crustal subduction to eclogite facies at 245 ± 2 Ma. Therefore, the combination of the isopleth thermobarometry of mineral inclusions with the Zr‐in‐rutile thermometry and the zircon REE partitioning is an effective means to link the metamorphic P–T conditions to the ages of metamorphic zircons in the different stages of collisional orogeny.
Influence of prominent immunomodulatory cytokines TNF‐α308 G>A (rs1800629) and TGFβ1 G>C (rs1800471) sequence variations as an important contributing factor in etiopathogenesis of recurrent miscarriages in Kashmiri women (North India)
Authors: Manzoor Usma , Pandith Arshad A. , Amin Ina , Wani Saima , Sanadhya Dheera , Ahmad Abida , Qasim Iqbal , Rashid Masarat , Anwar Iqra , Koul Aabid 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimWe aimed to evaluate the genetic variation of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) 308 G>A (rs1800629) and transforming growth factor (TGF) β1G>C (rs1800471) to confer risk in patients with recurrent miscarriage in highly consanguineous population of Kashmir (North India).MethodsA total of 200 women who experienced two or more recurrent miscarriages (along with 100 spouses, 60 products of conception, and 240 healthy controls) with two or more full‐term pregnancies were recruited from the same geographical region and evaluated by polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism method.ResultsTNF‐α 308 G>A variant genotype (AA) was significantly associated with recurrent miscarriage cases (2.5% vs. 0.4% controls, respectively; p < 0.05) and its per copy allele A also presented more in cases (32% vs. 24% in controls; p < 0.05) that showed a risk of 1.5‐fold for cases (p < 0.05). The difference of variant genotype GA was observed to be significant among recurrent miscarriage cases and product of conception: 60.5% vs. 83%, respectively (p < 0.05) wherein variant TNF‐α GA genotype conferred 3‐fold risk (p < 0.05). On the other hand, TGF β1 G>C showed no association with recurrent miscarriage cases in our population.ConclusionThe study found both TNF‐α 308 G>A variants are significantly associated with an increased susceptibility for recurrent miscarriages to cause pregnancy losses but on the other hand TGF β1 does not seem to impact the outcome of pregnancy in our population.
Susceptibility‐Weighted Imaging in Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Review
Authors: Sotoudeh Houman , Sarrami Amir Hossein , Wang Jian‐xiong , Saadatpour Zahra , Razaei Ali , Gaddamanugu Siddhartha , Choudhary Gagandeep , Shafaat Omid , Singhal Aparna 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTAs human life expectancy increases, there is an increased prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders and dementia. There are many ongoing research trials for early diagnosis and management of dementia, and neuroimaging is a critical part of such studies. However, conventional neuroimaging often fails to provide enough diagnostic findings in patients with neurodegenerative disorders. In this context, different MRI sequences are currently under investigation to facilitate the accurate diagnosis of such disorders. Susceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI) is an innovative MRI technique that utilizes “magnitude” and “phase” images to produce an image contrast that is sensitive for the detection of susceptibility differences of the tissues. As many neurodegenerative disorders are associated with accelerated iron deposition and/or microhemorrhages in different parts of the brain, SWI can be applied to detect these diagnostic clues. For instance, in cerebral amyloid angiopathy, SWI can demonstrate cortical microhemorrhages, which are predominantly in the frontal and parietal regions. Or in Parkinson disease, abnormal swallow‐tail sign on high‐resolution SWI is highly diagnostic. Also, SWI is a useful sequence to detect the low signal intensity of precentral cortices in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Being familiar with SWI findings in neurodegenerative disorders is critical for an accurate diagnosis. In this paper, the authors review the technical parameters of SWI, physiologic, and pathologic iron deposition in the brain, and the role of SWI in the evaluation of neurodegenerative disorders in daily practice.
The role of Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oil, (E)‐cinnamaldehyde and (E)‐cinnamaldehyde oxime in the control of Meloidogyne incognita
Authors: Ferreira Barros Aline , Paulo Campos Vicente , Lopes de Paula Letícia , Alaís Pedroso Luma , de Jesus Silva Fabíola , Carlos Pereira da Silva Júlio , Ferreira de Oliveira Denilson , Humberto Silva Geraldo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe search for natural nematicides that are biodegradable with little or no human toxicity has intensified in recent years. In this context, the use of essential oils has the potential to function as an alternative plant–parasitic nematode control strategy, and their characterization may identify new nematicidal molecules. In this study, the nematicidal activity of Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oil, its most abundant biochemical component and its analogue were evaluated against Meloidogyne incognita. Mean LC50 and LC95 values for C. zeylanicum oil were 49 µg/ml and 131 µg/ml, respectively. When J2 placed in C. zeylanicum oil at its LC50 concentration were used to inoculate tomato plants, the reduction in numbers of galls and eggs versus samples inoculated using J2 and no C. zeylanicum oil was 98%. C. zeylanicum essential oil reduced levels of M. incognita J2 that hatched 38%–54%, while carbofuran (positive control) did not prevent hatching. C. zeylanicum oil applied at a concentration of 800 µg/ml to a potted substrate containing infested tomato plants significantly reduced numbers of M. incognita galls. The cinnamaldehyde molecule within C. zeylanicum oil had LC50 and LC95 values of 64 and 768 µg/ml, respectively, while LC50 and LC95 values for cinnamaldehyde oxime were 323 and 529 µg/ml, respectively. Both cinnamaldehyde and its oxime inhibited hatching in M. incognita J2. These findings indicate that C. zeylanicum essential oil, its major biochemical component, cinnamaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde oxime (a cinnamaldehyde analogue) can be used to reduce levels of M. incognita.
Efficacy of hypophysectomy for the treatment of hypersomatotropism‐induced diabetes mellitus in 68 cats
Authors: Fenn Joe , Kenny Patrick J. , Scudder Christopher J. , Hazuchova Katarina , Gostelow Ruth , Fowkes Robert C. , Forcada Yaiza , Church David B. , Niessen Stijn J. M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundHypersomatotropism (HST) is an increasingly recognized endocrinopathy in cats and is mostly described associated with diabetes mellitus (DM).ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of transsphenoidal hypophysectomy in treating HST and DM in cats.AnimalsSixty‐eight client‐owned cats with HST and DM treated by transsphenoidal hypophysectomy.MethodsRetrospective cohort study. Medical records were reviewed for glycemic control and serum insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) concentrations. Postoperative complications, death within 4 weeks, and proportion achieving diabetic remission were recorded. Survival times and DM‐free intervals were calculated.ResultsFifty‐eight cats (85.3%) were alive 4 weeks postoperatively with 10 (15%) postoperative deaths. Complications included hypoglycemia (n = 9), electrolyte imbalance (n = 9), and transient congestive heart failure (n = 5). Fifty‐five cats (95% of 58 surviving cats [81% of all cats undergoing surgery]) had improved control of diabetes. Diabetic remission occurred in 41 cats (71% of 58 surviving cats [60% of all cats]) with insulin administration discontinued after a median of 9 days (range, 2‐120). Postoperative 4‐week serum IGF‐1 concentration nadir was significantly lower in cats achieving diabetic remission (median 20 ng/mL [15‐708] than those that did not (324 ng/mL [15‐1955]; P = .03). All cats received long‐term levothyroxine and hydrocortisone PO, alongside desmopressin (conjunctival) in 38 of 53 cats (72%). Recurrence of DM occurred in 5 of 41 cats (12%) after a median of 248 days (range, 84‐1232). Median survival time of all cats was 853 days (range, 1‐1740).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceTranssphenoidal hypophysectomy is an effective treatment for cats with HST and DM, with a long‐term outcome that compares favorably to existing options.
ZmSPL10/14/26 are required for epidermal hair cell fate specification on maize leaf
Authors: Kong Dexin , Pan Xuan , Jing Yifeng , Zhao Yongping , Duan Yaping , Yang Juan , Wang Baobao , Liu Yuting , Shen Rongxin , Cao Yingying , Wu Hong , Wei Hongbin , Wang Haiyang 
Published: February 2021

SummaryThe epidermal hair and stomata are two types of specialized structures on the surface of plant leaves. On mature maize leaves, stomatal complexes and three types of hairs are distributed in a stereotyped pattern on the adaxial epidermis. However, the spatiotemporal relationship between epidermal hair and stomata development and the regulatory mechanisms governing their formation in maize remain largely unknown.Here, we report that three homologous ZmSPL transcription factors, ZmSPL10, ZmSPL14 and ZmSPL26, act in concert to promote epidermal hair fate on maize leaf. Cytological analyses revealed thatZmspl10/14/26triple mutants are completely glabrous, but possess ectopic stomatal files. Strikingly, the precursor cells for prickle and bicellular hairs are transdifferentiated into ectopic stomatal complexes in theZmspl10/14/26mutants.Molecular analyses demonstrated that ZmSPL10/14/26 bind directly to the promoter of aWUSCHEL‐related homeobox gene,ZmWOX3A, and upregulate its expression in the hair precursor cells. Moreover, several auxin‐related genes are downregulated in theZmspl10/14/26triple mutants.Our results suggest that ZmSPL10/14/26 play a key role in promoting epidermal hair fate on maize leaves, possibly through regulatingZmWOX3Aand auxin‐related gene expression, and that the fates of epidermal hairs and stomata are switchable.
Seed‐borne, endospheric and rhizospheric core microbiota as predictors of plant functional traits across rice cultivars are dominated by deterministic processes
Authors: Guo Junjie , Ling Ning , Li Yong , Li Kaisong , Ning Huiling , Shen Qirong , Guo Shiwei , Vandenkoornhuyse Philippe 
Published: February 2021

Summary

A host‐plant and its associated microbiota depend on one another. However, the assembly process and the functioning of host‐associated microbiota are poorly understood.

Herein, rice was used as model plant to investigate the assemblage of bacterial microbiota, including those in the seed, root endosphere and rhizosphere. We also assessed the degree to which endosphere and rhizosphere communities were influenced by vertical transmission through seed and identified the core microbes that potentially associated with plant phenotypic properties.

Plant microhabitat, rather than subspecies type, was the major driver shaping plant‐associated bacterial microbiota. Deterministic processes were primarily responsible for community assembly in all microhabitats. The influence of vertical transmission from seed to root‐associated bacterial communities appeared to be quite weak (endosphere) or even absent (rhizosphere). A core microbial community composed of 15 generalist species persisted across different microhabitats and represented key connectors in networks. Host‐plant functional traits were linked to the relative abundance of these generalist core microbes and could be predicted from them using machine learning algorithms.

Overall, bacterial microbiota is assembled by host‐plant interactions in a deterministic‐based manner. This study enhances our understanding of the driving mechanisms and associations of microbiota in various plant microhabitats and provides new perspectives to improve plant performance.
Percutaneous management of lead‐related cardiac perforation with limited use of computed tomography and cardiac surgery
Authors: Elbatran Ahmed I. , Akhtar Zaki , Bajpai Abhay , Leung Lisa W. M. , Li Anthony , Pearse Simon , Zuberi Zia , Kaba Riyaz , Saba Magdi M. , Norman Mark , Grimster Alexander , Gallagher Mark M. , Sohal Manav 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundCardiac implantable electronic device (CIED)‐related perforation is uncommon but potentially lethal. Management typically includes the use of computed tomography (CT) scanning and often involves cardiac surgery.MethodsPatients presenting to a single referral centre with CIED‐related cardiac perforation between 2013 and 2019 were identified. Demographics, diagnostic modalities, the method of lead revision, and 30‐day complications were examined.ResultsA total of 46 cases were identified; median time from implantation to diagnosis was 14 days (interquartile range = 4–50). Most were females (29/46, 63%), 9/46 (20%) had cancer, 18 patients (39%) used oral anticoagulants, and no patients had prior cardiac surgery. Active fixation was involved in 98% of cases; 9% involved an implantable cardioverter defibrillator lead. Thirty‐seven leads perforated the right ventricle (apex: 24) and 9 punctured the right atrium (lateral wall: 5). Abnormal electrical parameters were noted in 95% of interrogated cases. Perforation was visualized in 41% and 6% of cases with chest X‐ray (CXR) and transthoracic echocardiography, respectively. CXR revealed a perforation, gross lead displacement, or left‐sided pleural effusion in 74% of cases. Pericardial effusion occurred in 26 patients (57%) of whom 11 (24%) developed tamponade, successfully drained percutaneously. Pre‐extraction CT scan was performed in 19 patients but was essential in four cases. Transvenous lead revision (TLR) was successfully performed in all cases with original leads repositioned in six patients, without recourse to surgery. Thirty‐day mortality and complications were low (0% and 26%, respectively).ConclusionCT scanning provides incremental diagnostic value in a minority of CIED‐related perforations. TLR is a safe and effective strategy.
In homage to Descartes and Spinoza: A cosmo‐ontological case for God
Authors: Istvan Michael Anthony 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntegrating cosmological and ontological lines of reasoning, I argue that there is a self‐necessary being that (a) serves as the sufficient condition for everything, that (b) has the most perfect collection of whatever attributes of perfection there might be, and that (c) is an independent, eternal, unique, simple, indivisible, immutable, all‐actual, all‐free, all‐present, all‐powerful, all‐knowing, all‐good, and personal creator of every expression of itself that everything is. My cosmo‐ontological case for such a being, an everything‐maker with the core features ascribed to the God of classical theism, addresses the standard worries plaguing these lines of reasoning: (1) the richness required of such a being dissolves it into many beings; (2) the metaphysical possibility of such a being is assumed on insufficient grounds; (3) the features we ascribe to such a being are mere human‐all‐too‐human projections.
Personal reflections on navigating the COVID‐19 pandemic: From vision to reality
Authors: Webb Karelle 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTransitioning from bedside nursing to public health nursing after graduating with my Master's in Public Health was a unique experience, particularly as I navigated the COVID‐19 pandemic as a new public health and nursing leader. Personal reflection pieces can provide a meaningful review of the experiences of integrating clinical nursing practice and more broad public health practice. The purpose of this paper is to offer my reflection and synthesis of the lessons learned while leading a Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) through the COVID‐19 pandemic. Additionally, I reflect on the future of FQHCs and the critical need to advance public health as a field and empower public health nurses.
Why and how does the regulation of emerging technologies occur? Explaining the adoption of the EU General Data Protection Regulation using the multiple streams framework
Authors: Goyal Nihit , Howlett Michael , Taeihagh Araz 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWhy and how the regulation of emerging technologies occurs is not clear in the literature. In this study, we adapt the multiple streams framework – often used for explaining agenda‐setting and policy adoption – to examine the phenomenon. We hypothesize how technological change affects policy‐making and identify conditions under which the streams can be (de‐)coupled. We trace the formulation of the General Data Protection Regulation to show that the regulation occupied the legislative agenda when a policy window was exploited through policy entrepreneurship to frame technological change as a problem for data privacy and legislative harmonization within the European Union. Although constituencies interested in promoting internet technologies made every effort to stall the regulation, various actors, activities, and events helped the streams remain coupled, eventually leading to its adoption. We conclude that the alignment of problem, policy, politics, and technology – through policy entrepreneurship – influences the timing and design of technology regulation.
Physiology and pathology of eosinophils: Recent developments
Authors: Renz Harald , Bachert Claus , Berek Claudia , Hamelmann Eckard , Levi‐Schaffer Francesca , Raap Ulrike , Simon Hans‐Uwe , Ploetz Sabine , Taube Christian , Valent Peter , Voehringer David , Werfel Thomas , Zhang Nan , Ring Johannes 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOver the last century, eosinophils have been regarded ambiguously either as ‘friends’ or ‘foes’. Recent developments have greatly enhanced our understanding of the role and function of eosinophils in health and disease. Pathogenic eosinophilic inflammation can lead to severe diseases in various organs, such as the gastrointestinal tract, airways, heart and skin. In a 2‐day focus workshop of the German Society for Allergology and Clinical Immunology (DGAKI), the state of the art was discussed and practical recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of eosinophilic diseases, with a particular focus on new biologics, such as anti‐interleukin 5 and anti‐interleukin 5R, were derived.
Clinical trials for rapid changes in suicidal ideation: Lessons from ketamine
Authors: Ballard Elizabeth D. , Fields Jessica , Farmer Cristan A. , Zarate Carlos A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRapid‐acting treatments for suicidal thoughts are critically needed. Consequently, there is a burgeoning literature exploring psychotherapeutic, pharmacologic, or device‐based brief interventions for suicidal thoughts characterized by a rapid onset of action. Not only do these innovative treatments have potentially important clinical benefits to patient populations, they also highlight a number of methodological considerations for suicide research. First, while most clinical trials related to suicide risk focus on suicide attempts, new clinical trials that use suicidal thoughts as the primary outcome require a number of slight modifications to their clinical trial design. Second, the rapid onset of these new interventions permits an experimental therapeutics approach to suicide research, in which psychological and neurobiological markers are embedded into clinical trials to better understand the underlying pathophysiology of suicidal thoughts. The following review discusses these methodological innovations in light of recent research using the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist ketamine, which has been associated with rapid effects on suicidal thoughts. We hope that “lessons learned” from the ketamine literature will provide a blueprint for all researchers evaluating rapid‐acting treatments for suicidal thoughts, whether pharmacologic or psychotherapeutic.
Applying text mining methods to suicide research
Authors: Cheng Qijin , Lui Carrie S. M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo introduce the research methods of computerized text mining and its possible applications in suicide research and to demonstrate the procedures of applying a specific text mining area, document classification, to a suicide‐related study.MethodA systematic search of academic papers that applied text mining methods to suicide research was conducted. Relevant papers were reviewed focusing on their research objectives and sources of data. Furthermore, a case of using natural language processing and document classification methods to analyze a large amount of suicide news was elaborated to showcase the methods.ResultsEighty‐six papers using text mining methods for suicide research have been published since 2001. The most common research objective (72.1%) was to classify which documents exhibit suicide risk or were written by suicidal people. The most frequently used data source was online social media posts (45.3%), followed by e‐healthcare records (25.6%). For the news classification case, the top three classifiers trained for classification tasks achieved 84% or higher accuracy.ConclusionsComputerized text mining methods can help to scale up content analysis capacity and efficiency and uncover new insights and perspectives for suicide research.