bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whole genome sequencing of three native chicken varieties (Common Deshi, Hilly and Naked Neck) of Bangladesh
Authors: Rabbani Md Ataul Goni , Vallejo-Trujillo Adriana , Wu Zhou , Miedzinska Katarzyna , Faruque Shakila , Watson Kellie A. , Smith Jacqueline 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBangladeshi indigenous chicken varieties - Common Deshi, Hilly and Naked Neck are notable for their egg production, meat quality, extraordinary survivability and disease resistance. However, the potential to harness their unique genetic merits are being eroded by various factors, including crossbreeding. In-depth genomic studies have not been carried out on these breeds so far. To this end, blood samples and associated phenotypic metadata have been collected from local, unimproved birds sampled from 8 different locations across the country, and from Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI)-improved chickens of the same mentioned breeds. Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) of 96 selected samples, representing local and improved populations of each breed, has been carried out. Around 22 M high-quality SNPs have been identified, with 25% of these being novel variants previously undescribed in public databases. This data set will allow for genetic comparison between breeds, and between selected and unimproved birds, providing a resource for genomic selection in Bangladeshi breeding schemes to create more productive and resilient poultry stock.
Category‐instance distillation based on visual‐language models for rehearsal‐free class incremental learning
Authors: Jin Weilong , Wang Zilei , Zhang Yixin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRecently, visual‐language models (VLMs) have displayed potent capabilities in the field of computer vision. Their emerging trend as the backbone of visual tasks necessitates studying class incremental learning (CIL) issues within the VLM architecture. However, the pre‐training data for many VLMs is proprietary, and during the incremental phase, old task data may also raise privacy issues. Moreover, replay‐based methods can introduce new problems like class imbalance, the selection of data for replay and a trade‐off between replay cost and performance. Therefore, the authors choose the more challenging rehearsal‐free settings. In this paper, the authors study class‐incremental tasks based on the large pre‐trained vision‐language models like CLIP model. Initially, at the category level, the authors combine traditional optimisation and distillation techniques, utilising both pre‐trained models and models trained in previous incremental stages to jointly guide the training of the new model. This paradigm effectively balances the stability and plasticity of the new model, mitigating the issue of catastrophic forgetting. Moreover, utilising the VLM infrastructure, the authors redefine the relationship between instances. This allows us to glean fine‐grained instance relational information from the a priori knowledge provided during pre‐training. The authors supplement this approach with an entropy‐balancing method that allows the model to adaptively distribute optimisation weights across training samples. The authors’ experimental results validate that their method, within the framework of VLMs, outperforms traditional CIL methods.
Demands and challenges of energy storage technology for future power system
Authors: Guo Jianbo , Jing Yiran , Hou Weilin , Wang Tiezhu , Ma Shicong , He Guoqing 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper addresses the pressing necessity to align the regulatory capacity of renewable energy sources with their inherent fluctuations across various time scales. Emphasising the pivotal role of large‐scale energy storage technologies, the study provides a comprehensive overview, comparison, and evaluation of emerging energy storage solutions, such as lithium‐ion cells, flow redox cell, and compressed‐air energy storage. It outlines three fundamental principles for energy storage system development: prioritising safety, optimising costs, and realising value. Through analysis of two case studies—a pure photovoltaic (PV) power island interconnected via a high‐voltage direct current (HVDC) system, and a 100% renewable energy autonomous power supply—the paper elucidates the critical role of energy storage in facilitating high levels of renewable energy integration. Furthermore, it delves into the challenges inherent in the development of energy storage systems.
Adhesion characteristics of carbon particles on the surface of epoxy resin in insulating oil under DC electric field and influencing factors
Authors: Dong Zijian , Zhang Zhanlong , Zhong Jiarong , Xue Zhixuan , Yang Yu , Pan Zhicheng , Fang Jin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe adhesion of carbon particles on the surface of epoxy resin in insulating oil is a significant factor contributing to surface flashover. However, there is currently a lack of a dynamic model that can reasonably explain the adhesion process of impurity particles, and the characteristics of particle adhesion are not yet clear, making it difficult to assess the risks of insulation contamination and surface flashover of valve‐side bushing capacitance core. In this study, based on the Johnson–Kendall–Roberts (JKR) theory and the normal distribution characteristics of particle charges, the adhesion probability model of conductive particles in insulating oil on the surface of epoxy resin under DC electric fields was established, and carbon particle adhesion experiments were conducted to verify the accuracy of the model. The impact of electric field intensity, particle size, particle charge, and surface energy of the insulation material on the adhesion characteristics of carbon particles was investigated using the proposed model. The results can be utilised for the assessment of insulation contamination risks of valve‐side bushing capacitance core and serves as a vital theoretical foundation for guiding the optimisation of anti‐contamination structures in internal insulation and the development of advanced pollution‐resistant and flashover‐resistant insulation materials.
YOLO‐Tiny: A lightweight small object detection algorithm for UAV aerial imagery
Authors: Feng Fei , Yang Lu , Zhou Quanxing , Li Weipeng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) aerial target detection tasks, two main challenges exist: the limited computational resources of UAV terminals, which are not conducive to running complex models, and the prevalence of small targets, which can easily lead to missed detections and false positives. To address these issues, this study proposes a lightweight and high‐accuracy small‐object detection algorithm for UAV aerial imagery that is based on YOLOv5s. First, the network structure is optimized by removing the layers in YOLOv5s primarily used for detecting large targets (P4 and P5) and adding layers primarily used for detecting small targets (P2 and P3). This enables the model to focus more on extracting small‐object features. A lightweight dynamic convolution is subsequently introduced in the C3 module, and the lightweight LW_C3 and LW_downsampling modules are designed for feature extraction and downsampling operations. This enhances the model's feature extraction capability while achieving a lightweight design. Finally, the adaptive multi‐scale spatial feature fusion (AMSFF) module is designed to adaptively learn the spatial weights of the feature maps at different levels, thereby further strengthening the effective fusion of multi‐scale features. Experimental results show that the improved YOLO‐Tiny model has higher accuracy and lower complexity, hence validating its excellent performance.
Clutter rank estimation for the multistage Wiener filter
Authors: Gray Rachel , Aboutanios Elias , Rosenberg Luke , Zuk Josef 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn airborne radar, reduced rank detection techniques are used when there are insufficient samples available for fully adaptive processing. This is the case in maritime radar, where the data can be both non‐stationary and non‐homogeneous. There are several approaches that have been proposed to address this problem. These include the single data set algorithms that eliminate the need for training data and reduced rank detectors such as principal components, cross‐spectral metric and the multistage Wiener filter (MWF). This latter approach is superior to other rank reduction techniques in terms of computational efficiency and sample support requirements. In this paper, the authors propose an algorithm that determines the rank of the sea clutter and relates it to the number of stages in the MWF. The algorithm presented is formulated as a model order estimation problem that utilises the minimum description length (MDL). The authors present a computationally efficient implementation of the MDL and demonstrate its effectiveness using simulated data.
From CO2- to H2O-dominated atmospheres and back
Authors: Carone L. , Barnes R. , Noack L. , Chubb K. , Barth P. , Bitsch B. , Thamm A. , Balduin A. , Garcia R. , Helling Ch. 
Published: December 2024

Aims. We investigate the impact of CO2 on the distribution of water on TRAPPIST-1 e, f, and g during the magma ocean stage. These potentially habitable rocky planets are currently the most accessible for astronomical observations. A constraint on the volatile budget during the magma ocean stage is a key link to planet formation and also to judging their habitability.
Methods. We expanded the MagmOc module of the VPLanet environment to perform simulations with 1-100 terrestrial oceans (TOs) of H2O with and without CO2 and for albedos 0 and 0.75. The CO2 mass was scaled with initial H2O by a constant factor between 0.1 and 1.
Results. The magma ocean state of rocky planets begins with a CO2-dominated atmosphere but can evolve into a H2O dominated state, depending on initial conditions. For less than 10 TO initial H2O, the atmosphere tends to desiccate and the evolution can end with a CO2 dominated atmosphere. Otherwise, the final state is a thick (>1000 bar) H2O-CO2 atmosphere. Complete atmosphere desiccation with less than 10 TO initial H2O can be significantly delayed for TRAPPIST-1 e and f, when H2O has to diffuse through a CO2 atmosphere to reach the upper atmosphere, where photolysis due to extreme ultra violet irradiation occurs. As a consequence of CO2 diffusion-limited water loss, the time of mantle solidification for TRAPPIST-1 e, f, and g can be significantly extended compared to a pure H2O evolution by up to 40 Myrs for an albedo of 0.75 and by up to 200 Mys for an albedo of 0. The addition of CO2 further results in a higher water content in the melt during the magma ocean stage. Thus, more water can be sequestered in the solid mantle. However, only up to 6% of the initial water mass can be stored in the mantle at the end of the magma ocean stage. Our compositional model adjusted for the measured metallicity of TRAPPIST-1 yields for the dry inner planets (b, c, d) an iron fraction of 27 wt%. For TRAPPIST-1 e, this iron fraction would be compatible with a (partially) desiccated evolution scenario and a CO2 atmosphere with surface pressures of a few 100 bar.
Conclusions. A comparative study between TRAPPIST-1 e and the inner planets may yield the most insights about formation and evolution scenarios by confronting, respectively, a scenario with a desiccated evolution due to volatile-poor formation and a volatile-rich scenario with extended atmospheric erosion.
Resonant interactions between suprathermal protons and ion-scale waves near an interplanetary shock
Authors: Li Xing-Yu , Yang Liu , Heidrich-Meisner Verena , Wimmer-Schweingruber Robert F. , Zong Qiu-Gang , Wang Linghua , Berger Lars , Jentsch Erik , Keilbach Duncan , Hecht Maximilian , Rodríguez-Pacheco Javier 
Published: December 2024

Context. The interaction between waves and particles is crucial for particle acceleration near interplanetary shocks. Previously, research on these processes was constrained by limited data and the coarse time resolution of interplanetary missions. However, recent high-resolution observations from the Solar Orbiter mission are providing new insights into this area.
Aims. We analyzed data measured by the Energetic Particle Detector, the Magnetometer, and the Solar Wind Analyzer on board Solar Orbiter, to investigate wave-proton interactions upstream an interplanetary shock observed on April 8, 2022.
Methods. We performed a mean-field-transformed wavelet analysis on the magnetic field data to derive the wave properties. We reconstructed pitch angle distributions and gyrophase distributions in the solar wind frame of reference to analyze the proton behavior.
Results. We find that the observed waves are quasi-parallel propagating, ion-scale transverse waves that exhibit alternating left-handed and right-handed polarization. Fluxes of suprathermal protons oscillate quasi-periodically with these waves and show signs of wave modulation. In addition, signatures hinting at resonance, such as phase shifts across energy, are revealed in proton fluxes. The proton phase space density near the calculated resonant energy increases during the interaction, which indicates the acceleration or scattering of protons.
Conclusions. We present direct observations of particles resonating with waves close to an interplanetary shock, which captures these dynamics within single wave periods. Our results highlight the role of wave-particle interactions in dynamic processes occurring in the inner heliosphere.
Theory of continuously phased planar sources for sound reinforcement
Authors: Gölles Lukas , Zotter Franz 
Published: December 2024

Modern large-scale sound reinforcement systems use line-source loudspeaker arrays with the goal to establish a desired direct sound level decay profile along a line into the audience by adjusting the splay angles or delays between the individual enclosures. To design such a profile not only in the depth but also in the width of the audience area, a two-dimensional source would offer sufficiently many degrees of freedom for adaptation. In practical applications, this task is often accomplished with discrete planar loudspeaker arrays. In this work, we suggest employing the stationary-phase approximation to get a continuous symmetric delay length profile, which is then discretized. The aim of the design is to achieve direct sound levels rolling off by −6 ⋅ β dB per distance doubling on the listening area. The efficacy of this method is demonstrated by simulations and measurements of coverage with a small planar array confirming the validity of the proposed theory in practice.
A Queen City Legacy: 45 Years of Research in Pregnant Women with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus, The Diabetes in Pregnancy Program Project Grant
Authors: Khoury Jane C. , Miodovnik Menachem , Mimouni Francis B. , Ehrlich Shelley , Szcznesiak Rhonda , Rosenn Barak 
Published: December 2024

The Diabetes in Pregnancy Program Project Grant (PPG) was a 15-year program focused on enhancing the care for women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) during pregnancy and improving the well-being of their offspring. Launched in July 1978 at the University of Cincinnati, the PPG pursued a multifaceted research agenda encompassing basic science, animal and placental studies, and maternal and neonatal clinical trials to understand the physiological and pathophysiological aspects of IDDM during pregnancy. A total of 402 singleton pregnancies in 259 women with IDDM were enrolled prior to 10 weeks gestation over the 15-year period. Of the 402 pregnancies, there were 295 live births, 1 stillbirth, 4 neonatal deaths, and 15 infants were born with major congenital malformations. Central to the program's methodology was the management of diabetes during pregnancy, involving intensive insulin therapy and meticulous monitoring using the cutting-edge technology of the time to achieve glycemic control. The extensive research of the PPG yielded profound insights into the effects of maternal diabetes on embryonic and fetal development and neonatal health. Through animal studies, notably using pregnant sheep, the program clarified the mechanisms of fetal hypoxia and metabolic disorders. Clinical trials underscored the significance of early glycemic control in mitigating the risks of spontaneous abortions, congenital malformations, and neonatal complications. The program also examined the influence of pregnancy on the progression of microvascular diseases, the role of maternal weight and weight gain in pregnancy outcomes, and the distinctive growth patterns of fetuses in IDDM pregnancies. Furthermore, the PPG probed the incidence and underlying mechanisms of hypoglycemia during pregnancy and the heightened risk of obstetric complications in IDDM patients. Our findings established a foundation of knowledge to aid clinicians, researchers, and health care providers in best practices and ensure a lasting impact on the care of pregnant women with pregestational diabetes.
Key Points
HI/DMSO-Based Chemoselective Oxidative Halogenation of Pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines
Authors: Cui Hai-Lei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe application of HI in DMSO-based modifications of pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives has been explored. Selective chlorinations and iodinations of pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines have been achieved by using a HI/DMSO-based reaction system. A chlorination/aromatization cascade can be achieved by performing the reaction at 150 °C with NiCl2 as a chlorine source, whereas an iodination product was obtained by carrying out the reaction in PhCl/DMSO with HI at a lower temperature. Furthermore, it was found that the chemoselectivity can be tuned by the use of various additives, thereby providing methylthiolated or formylated pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives in acceptable yields.
Younger adolescents’ perspectives on book censorship: a case of Croatia
Authors: Lakuš Jelena , Martinović Ivana , Badurina Boris 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study explores the views of younger adolescents in Croatia regarding book censorship. Censorship, defined as systematic control of freedom of thought and expression, has a long history and continues to be relevant in modern times, targeting various age groups, particularly children and youth. The study explores historical and contemporary justifications for censoring books for young people, emphasizing the belief that children need protection from inappropriate content. This belief is rooted in the idea that children are intellectually and emotionally different from adults, necessitating a separate and protected period of childhood. The study involved a survey conducted among 62 seventh and eighth-grade students in Osijek, Croatia. Findings revealed that many adolescents have a superficial understanding of censorship, often associating it with the prohibition of offensive language. Despite this, over half of the respondents admitted to reading books deemed inappropriate for their age. The study highlights the need for further education on censorship and suggests that including adolescents in discussions about reading materials could be beneficial, as their perspectives often differ significantly from those of adults.
Cross-facility absolute charge calibration of scintillating screens for laser wakefield accelerated beam diagnostics
Authors: Chiang Chen-Wei , Chou Ming-Chang , Lee An-Ping , Wang Yu-Qian , Wang Jhih-Jia , Lin Ming-Wei , Lau Wai-Keung , Chou Shao-Wei 
Published: December 2024

Scintillation screens are widely used to diagnose high-charge density, low-average current electron beams from laser wakefield accelerators (LWFAs). However, the absolute response between emitted photons and electron charge has only been calibrated at a limited number of facilities, and there have been discrepancies between these calibrations. In this report, we comprehensively revised the absolute charge calibration of two high relative brightness scintillating screens of LANEX Regular (Carestream) and PI200 (Mitsubishi) by employing the high-brightness photoinjector at the National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC), which provides electron beams with variable charges (50–350 pC per pulse) and energies (26.55, 34.50, 42.10 MeV). Our results show that the energy-independent fluorescence efficiency of LANEX Regular and PI200 is (7.39 ± 0.38) × 109 and (2.04 ± 0.04) × 1010 photons/sr/pC, respectively, and both screens retained over 98.5% efficiency at accumulated charge densities up to 500 nC/mm2. These results provide a robust framework for applying the scintillation screens in LWFA diagnostics to enhance accuracy and reliability in electron beam characterization.
Generation of High-Quality Single-Photon Sources in Cavity Optomagnonics
Authors: Hou 侯 Rui 瑞 , Zhang 张 Wei 微 , Han 韩 Xue 雪 , Wang 王 Hong-Fu 洪福 , Zhang 张 Shou 寿 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We propose a scheme for generating high-quality single-photon sources utilizing the conventional photon blockade (CPB) effect in a cavity optomagnonic system with Kerr nonlinearity. The realization of the CPB effect depends on both the Kerr nonlinearity and Kerr-like nonlinearity of the optical cavity, which is converted using magneto-optical coupling. The CPB effect can be realized in a cavity optomagnonic system with weak magneto-optical coupling by modulating the strength of the Kerr nonlinearity. Notably, our scheme supports photon blockade in both the strong and weak Kerr nonlinear regimes, which broadens the range of experimental parameters. Furthermore, we explored the parameter regimes where the CPB effect could not be achieved because of the combined effects of the magneto-optical coupling and Kerr nonlinearity. We also determined the optimal driving amplitude region for generating high-quality single-photon sources. This work not only provides a novel route for realizing the CPB effect but also establishes a versatile platform for producing single-photon sources with high purity and brightness.