bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Silico Investigation of Symptom Development Model Based on Coat Protein Interactions of Two Cucumber Mosaic Virus Strains
Authors: Akbarimotlagh Masoud , Arab Seyed Shahriar , Palukaitis Peter , Shams-bakhsh Masoud 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) causes serious diseases in agricultural crops worldwide, predominantly in vegetable and ornamental plants. A critical interaction has been reported between the plant Ferredoxin I (Fd I) protein with the coat protein (CP) of the M strain of CMV (M-CMV) but not by the CP of the Q strain of CMV (Q-CMV). To ascertain the most likely symptom development model based on CMV CP interacting with the plant Fd I protein, further in silico investigation was performed on the CPs of the two strains (severe chlorosis symptoms (M-CMV) and mild symptoms (Q-CMV)). The biological assembly of the CMV CP is composed of hexameric and pentameric units. Result The results showed that there were significantly different interactions between pentameric and hexameric form of M and Q-CMV CPs with Fd I. Pentameric structural forms of M-CMV CP interact strongly with Fd I compared to pentameric structures of Q-CMV CP, while there were not significantly different in affinity for hexameric structures between M and Q-CMV CPs. Conclusion Accordingly, it can be deduced that probably pentameric structures of M-CMV (higher pathogenicity) CP block activation of plant Fd I protein. Therefore, it can be concluded that trapping Fd I in the complex of pentameric structures can lead to inhibition of the activity of plant Fd I in the photosynthetic electron transport chain leading the severe symptom development seen in M-CMV infected plants but not in Q-CMV infected plants. It seems likely that any factor that inhibits the interaction of CMV CPs with plant Fd I can prevent this symptom development.
Exogenous IGF-1 improves tau pathology and neuronal pyroptosis in high-fat diet mice with cognitive impairment
Authors: Sui Guanghong , Wang Lu , Yang Caixia , Guo Mengtian , Xiong Xiangyang , Chen Zheng , Wang Feng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) improves obesity-induced cognitive impairment, but its mechanism is not fully clarified. The aim of the study was to reveal whether IGF-1 treated cognitive impairment by improving tau pathology and neuronal pyroptosis in high-fat diet mice, and to further explore its molecular mechanisms involved.Methods During in vitro experiment, C57BL/6J mice were fed with high-fat diet, and were treated with PEG-IGF-1, IGF-1 receptor blocker AXL1717, HO-1 blocker Znpp IX or their combinations. Cognitive function was evaluated using Morris water maze. Expression of Nrf-2, HO-1, p-tau, NLRP3, Caspase-1 and IL-1β in hippocampus was determined using western blotting. Pyroptosis rate in hippocampus was measured using flow cytometry. During in vivo experiment, HN-h cells were treated with palmic acid, pyroptosis blocker nonecrosulfonamide or their combinations. The expression of the proteins and pyroptosis rate were also measured using western blotting and flow cytometry.Results During in vitro experiment, high-fat diet mice showed cognitive impairment, hyperphospharylation of tau protein and significant neuronal pyroptosis in hippocampus compared with the sham mice. After exogenous IGF-1 treatment, these abnormalities were reversed, and Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling pathway was activated. Inhibition of such signaling pathway using IGF-1 receptor blocker or HO-1 blocker re-deteriorated cognitive function, neuronal pyroptosis and tau pathology in hippocampus. During in vivo experiment, inhibition of pyroptosis using its blocker improved tau pathology in palmic acid-treated HN-h cells. Conclusion Exogenous IGF-1 improved cognitive impairment, tau pathology and neuronal pyroptosis induced by high-fat diet through activation of Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
Landlockedness, Corruption, and Economic Growth in BIMSTEC
Authors: Chaudhary Arbind 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study examines the impact of landlockedness and corruption on economic growth of BIMSTEC, a bridge between blue economy and mountain economy, under panel data. It covers seven countries over 7 years, 2012-2018. The investigation conforms that the presence of landlockedness hampers economic growth rate. BIMSTEC has two landlocked economies: Nepal and Bhutan. Similarly, corruption reveals greasing in the wheel situation, and it will turn into sand in the wheel, when it crosses the threshold level|49 point corruption perception index. The results are robust under the pooled regression. The study is intact for boosting liberal governance, and easy access for landlocked states to the coast.
Determinants of Consumption-Based Carbon Emissions in Chile: Application of Non-Linear ARDL
Authors: Adebayo Tomiwa Sunday , Udemba Edmund Ntom , Ahmed Zahoor , Kirikkaleli Dervis 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In recent years, a growing number of scholars have employed various proxies of environmental degradation to understand the reasons behind rising environmental degradation. However, very few studies consider consumption-based carbon emissions even though a clear understanding of the impact of consumption patterns is essential to redirecting the pattern to more sustainable consumption. Thus, this study takes a step forward by using consumption-based carbon emissions (CCO2) as a proxy of environmental degradation using the novel non-linear ARDL. To the understanding of the investigators, no prior studies have investigated the drivers of consumption-based carbon emissions utilizing non-linear ARDL. The study employed ADF and KSS (non-linear) tests to check the stationary level of the data series. Additionally, the symmetric and asymmetric ARDL approaches are utilized to explore cointegration and long-run linkages. The results could not find symmetric cointegration among variables; however, the empirical estimates divulge the long-run asymmetric connection of indicators with the CCO2 emissions. The novel results from the asymmetric ARDL unfold that negative and positive changes in economic growth deteriorate the quality of the environment. Interestingly, a reduction in economic growth has a more dominant contribution to environmental degradation. Moreover, positive changes in renewable energy usage improve the quality of the environment in Chile inferring that Chile can achieve a reduction in environmental degradation by boosting renewable energy consumption. Surprisingly, the study found the ineffectiveness of technological innovation in reducing consumption-based carbon emissions which implies that technological innovation in Chile is not directed towards manufacturing green technology. Finally, the policy implications are discussed to reduce consumption-based carbon emissions.
Maternal Healthcare Services Along Indo-Bangladesh Bordering Districts: Exploring Effects of Social Determinants on Access to Maternal Healthcare Services.
Authors: Nath Nayan Jyoti , Talukdar Bedanga , Shukla Tanu , Sharma Sangeeta 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

Regardless of government efforts toward ameliorating easy access and utilization of healthcare services, the disparity in Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) is significantly higher across states of India. Post-Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), equity in healthcare largely remain in the health policy discourse. The policy implementation's effectiveness remained confined to the central geographical location, remotely reaching the peripheral region. The study seeks to assess socio-demographic and household wealth's effect on the access and utilization of healthcare services among women. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 355 women aged 15–49 years in three Indian districts of Assam that share an international border with Bangladesh.
Results

The study's findings reported that utilization and accessibility are primarily influenced by households' wealth and women's age. Education qualification has no significant effect on healthcare utilization. Younger women from wealthier households are more likely to utilize government healthcare services in India's borderline regions.
Conclusion

Besides educating women, the availability of healthcare resources and empowering the livelihood resources in the peripheral region should be prioritized. In these fragile areas, efforts to empower women and their families to seek healthcare should be strengthened, which shall enhance well-being.
Title: Perspectives on an Iterative and Bidirectional Information System in Western Kenya and Its Role in Improving Health Outcomes
Authors: Ochieng Beverly M. , Kaseje Dan C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

A perennial problem in information systems is the unidirectional flow of information. Bidirectional information systems are mechanisms by which consumers and providers generate, discuss and use information at each level of data collection. This paper describes opportunities in the health service delivery system for bidirectional information flow that can be established as part of the health information system to inform decisions, planning, and action by both providers and consumers of care.
Methods

The study was quasi-experimental and involved pre and post-intervention, cross-sectional surveys at intervention and control sites. The intervention was a Community Based Health Information System. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected. The surveys covered five health facilities in the intervention sites and five in the control sites in each of the six study districts. Five clients were interviewed at each intervention and control health facility. Communities served by the selected health facilities were included in household cluster sample surveys. Thirty clusters of 10 households, each with under-five children, were included in each community served by the selected health facilities. Quantitative data were cross-tabulated to compare health outcomes at intervention and control sites. A content analysis was performed on the qualitative data; themes and sub-themes that identified opportunities for bidirectional information-sharing were identified.
Results

We identified five nodal points in the health system that provide opportunities for bidirectional information sharing at the household, community, and health facility levels. Immunization coverage, skilled delivery, water treatment, and latrine use improved more at the intervention than control sites. Where all of the mechanisms were implemented, there was better performance in outcomes.
Conclusion

A conscious engagement of service providers and consumers in dialogue, using available health system information to iteratively inform decisions and actions, improves health outcomes.
NIR Responsive Tumor Vaccine in Situ for Photothermal Ablation and Chemotherapy to Trigger Robust Antitumor Immune Responses
Authors: Zhang Lirong , Zhang Jingjing , Xu Lixia , Zhuang Zijian , Liu Jinajin , Liu Suwan , Wu Yunchao , Gong Aihua , Zhang Miaomiao , Du Fengyi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Therapeutic tumor vaccine (TTV) that induces tumor-specific immunity has enormous potentials in tumor treatment, but high heterogeneity and poor immunogenicity of tumor seriously impaires its clinical efficacy. Herein, a novel NIR responsive tumor vaccine in situ (HA-PDA@IQ/DOX HG) was prepared by integrating hyaluronic acid functionalized polydopamine nanoparticles (HA-PDA NPs) with immune adjuvants (Imiquimod, IQ) and doxorubicin (DOX) into thermal-sensitive hydrogel. Results: HA-PDA@IQ NPs with high photothermal conversion efficiency (41.2%) and T1-relaxation efficiency were using HA as stabilizer by the one-pot oxidative polymerization. Then, HA-PDA@IQ loaded DOX via π-π stacking and mixed with thermal-sensitive hydrogel to form the HA-PDA@IQ/DOX HG. The hydrogel-confined delivery mode endowed HA-PDA@IQ/DOX NPs with multiple photothermal ablation performance once injection upon NIR irradiation due to the prolonged retention in tumor site. More importantly, this mode enabled HA-PDA@IQ/DOX NPs to promote the DC maturation, memory T cells in lymphatic node as well as cytotoxic T lymphocytes in spleen. Conclusion: Taken together, the HA-PDA@IQ/DOX HG could be served as a theranostic tumor vaccine for complete photothermal ablation to trigger robust antitumor immune responses.
Experimental Study on the Piping Erosion Mechanism of Gap-Graded Soils Under a Supercritical Hydraulic Gradient
Authors: Chen Liang , Wan Yu , He Jian-Jian , Luo Chun-Mu , Yan Shu-fa , He Xian-Feng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Seepage-induced piping erosion is observed in many geotechnical structures. This paper studies the piping mechanism of gap-graded soils during the whole piping erosion failure process under a supercritical hydraulic gradient. We define the supercritical ratio Ri and study the change in the parameters such as the flow velocity, hydraulic conductivity, and fine particle loss with Ri. Under steady flow, a formula for determining the flow velocity state of the sample with Ri according to the fine particle content and relative density of the sample was proposed; during the piping failure process, the influence of Rimax on the rate at which the flow velocity and hydraulic conductivity of the sample increase as Ri decreases was greater than that of the initial relative density and the initial fine particle content of the sample. Under unsteady flow, a larger initial relative density corresponds to a smaller amplitude of increase in the average value of the peak flow velocity with increasing Ri. Compared with the test under steady flow, the flow velocity under unsteady flow would experience abrupt changes. The relative position of the trend line L of the flow velocity varying with Ri under unsteady flow and the fixed peak water head height point A under steady flow were related to the relative density of the sample.
Characterization and Comparison of Intestinal Bacterial Microbiomes of Euschistus Heros and Piezodorus Guildinii Collected in Brazil and the United States
Authors: Moro Matheus Sartori , Wu Xing , Wei Wei , Mendes Lucas William , Allen Clint , Pinheiro José Baldin , Clough Steven John , Zucchi Maria Imaculada 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Herbaceous insects are one of the main biological threats to crops. One such group of insects, stink bugs, do not eat large amounts of tissue when feeding on soybean, but are extremely damaging to the quality of the seed yield as they feed directly on green developing seeds leading to poorly marketable harvests. In addition to causing physical damage to the seed during feeding, the insects can also transmit microbial pathogens, leading to even greater yield loss. Conducting surveys of the insect intestinal microbiome can help identify possible pathogens, as well as detail what healthy stink bug digestive systems have in common. Methods: We used the conserved V4 515-806 region of the 16S rRNA gene to characterize the bacterial microbiome of the red-banded stink bug Piezodorus guildinii collected in Brazil and the United States, as well as the neotropical brown stink bug Euschistus heros collected in Brazil. Results: After quality filtering of the data, 192 samples were kept for analyses: 117 samples from P. guildinii covering three sites in Brazil and four sites in the US, and 75 samples for E. heros covering 10 sites in Brazil. The most interesting observations were that the diversity and abundance of some bacterial families were different in the different ecoregions of Brazil and the United States. Conclusions: Some families may be related to the better adaptation in some localities in provide nutrients, break down cellulose, detoxify phytochemicals, and degrade organic compounds, which makes it difficult to control these species.
Attitude Survey of Medical School Staff After Simulated Patient Experiences
Authors: Harada Yoshimi , KUBOTA Yuki , HIRAYAMA Yoji , OTAKI Junji , MITOMA Hiroshi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: With the spread of medical communication education and objective structured clinical examination (OSCE), greater numbers of simulated patients/standardized patients (SPs) will likely be needed throughout Japan. At Tokyo Medical University, non-medical professional medical school staff have acted as SPs in post-clinical clerkship OSCE. There are no reports of any staff other than teaching staff and medical staff acting as SPs. The significance of large numbers of medical school staff acting as SPs needs to be clarified. Methods: We conducted a questionnaire survey of staff after acting as SPs. The questionnaire was developed from semi-structured interviews. Results: The majority of responses were positive, saying that they had learned about the testing and students and that they felt the importance of communication for doctors. Many respondents said that staff of a medical school should experience being an SP and that many staff should try it. Conclusions: For medical school staff, being an SP is one way to learn about student education. Japan has problems with SPs becoming older and fewer in number nationwide, but SP numbers may be supplemented by staff.
Overexpression of Cathepsin S Exacerbates Lupus Pathogenesis Through TLR7 and IFN-α in Transgenic Mice
Authors: Lee Jinhee , Choi Minjee , Jang Soyoung , Kang Mincheol , Lim Su-Geun , Kim SI-Young , Jang Soyeon , Yi Junkoo , choo Yeonsik , Kim Myoung Ok , Ryoo Zae Young 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects multiple organs. Recent studies suggest relevance between cysteine protease cathepsin S (CTSS) expression and SLE. To investigate the mechanism of CTSS in SLE, CTSS-overexpressing transgenic (TG) mice were generated, and induced lupus-like symptoms. Eight months later, the TG mice spontaneously developed typical SLE symptoms regardless of the inducement. Furthermore, we observed increased toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) expression with increased monocyte and neutrophil populations in the TG mice. In conclusion, overexpression of CTSS in mice influences TLR7 expression, autoantibodies and IFN-α, which leads to an autoimmune reaction and exacerbates lupus-like symptoms.
Upregulated Talin1 Synergistically Boosts β-estradiol-induced Proliferation and Pro-angiogenesis of Eutopic and Ectopic Endometrial Stromal Cells in Adenomyosis
Authors: Wang Yi-yi , Duan Hua , Wang Sha , Quan Yong-jun , Huang Jun-hua , Guo Zheng-chen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Adenomyosis (ADS) is an estrogen-dependent gynecological disease with unspecified etiopathogenesis. Local hyperestrogenism may serve a central role in contributing the origin of ADS. Talin1 is mostly identified to be overexpressed and involved in the progression of numerous human carcinomas through mediating cell proliferation, adhesion and motility. Whether Talin1 exerts an oncogenic role in the development of ADS and presents an extra impact on the efficacy of estrogen, no relevant data are available yet. Here we demonstrated that the adenomyotic eutopic and ectopic endometrial stromal cells (ADS_Eu_ESC and ADS_Ec_ESC) treated with β-estradiol (β-E2) presented stronger proliferative and proangiogenetic capacities, accompanied by increased expression of PCNA, Ki67, VEGFB and ANGPTL4 proteins, compared with the controls. Meanwhile, these promoting effects were abrogated in the presence of Fulvestrant (ICI 182780, an estrogen-receptor antagonist). Aberrantly Upregulation of Talin1 mRNA and protein level was observed in ADS endometrial specimens and stromal cells. Through performing functional experiments in vitro, we further determined that merely overexpression of Talin1 (OV-Talin1) also enhanced ADS stromal cell proliferation and pro-angiogenesis, while the most pronounced facilitating effects were found in the co-intervention group of Talin1 overexpression plus β-E2 treatment. Results from the xenograft model showed that the hypodermic endometrial lesions from the co-treatment group with OV-Talin1 and β-E2 had the highest mean weight and volume, compared with that of individual OV-Talin1 or β-E2 treatment. The expression levels of PCNA, Ki67, VEGFB and ANGPTL4 in the lesions were correspondingly elevated most significantly in the co-treated group. Our findings unveiled that abnormally overexpressed Talin1 cooperated with E2 in stimulating ADS endometrial stromal cell proliferation and neovascularization, synergistically promoting the growth and survival of ectopic lesions. These results may be beneficial to provide a new insight for clarifying the pathogenesis of ADS.
Metagenomic Analysis of a Throat Swab Sample Collected in China on A Patient Infected With Varicella Zoster Virus
Authors: Guo Hong , Rivailler Pierre , Wang Jiangxia , Wang Huanyu , Xu Wenbo , Xu Songtao , Xu Hongmei , Hu Ruiping 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) is endemic worldwide, causing varicella in children and zoster upon reactivation in adults. This study concerned a metagenomic analysis of a throat swab sample collected in China, on a young patient suffering from Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and diagnosed with varicella. The complete genome sequence of a VZV strain of clade 2 has been generated. Clade 2 strains are the most prevalent in Asian countries. A comparison of 223 VZV genomes identified 77 clade specific markers, 20 of them specific to clade 2. The metagenomic analysis also identified sequences covering most of the genome of the bacteria Schaalia odontolytica also known as Actinomyces odontolyticus. VZV infection and bacterial infection in the context of SLE is further discussed. Even though the patient presented only mild symptoms, this study is a reminder that vaccination against VZV is critical to avoid severe complications like bacterial superinfection or even death in the case of immunodeficiency.
An Ethnobotanical Study of Traditional Medicinal Plants Used to Treat Human and Livestock Ailments From Diguna Fango District, Wolaita, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Wendimu Abenezer , Tekalign Wondimagegnehu , Asfaw Biniyam 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPlants have been used as a traditional medicine for many years for the people of Wolaita, Ethiopia. The aim of the study was to record these local knowledge of the peoples who inhabit the Diguna Fango district. MethodsA semi-structured interview was conducted with a total of 60 informants. ResultsTotally, 50 species belonging to 24 families were identified to treat 28 human and livestock ailments. Solanaceae (14.3%) was the most abundant family whereas; the rosaceae (1.00) had the highest family use value (FUV). Most of the plants (82%) were reportedly used to treat human diseases. Herbs (34%) were the dominant growth habits, followed by trees (33%). The leaves (30%) were identified as the most used plant part. The most common methods of remedy preparations were eating and chewing (18.2% each) followed by grinding (13.61%). Oral (73.3%) was the major route of administration, followed by dermal (21.7%). The cardiovascular system diseases category (1.00) had a higher informant consensus factor value followed by the fever disease category (0.90). Croton macrostachyus Hochst. ex Delile, Commelina benghalensis L., Triticum dicoccon (Schrank) Schübl and Pentas spp. (100%) had a higher fidelity level to treat swelling, chirt (skin diseases), weight gain, and bone fractures, respectively. Persea americana Mill. was ranked highest as the most preferable medicinal plant for various purposes by local people, followed by Acacia abyssinica Benth. The principal threatening factors reported were charcoal production (26%), agricultural expansion (15%), and firewood (14%). Out of the plants and their uses documented, 16% of the medicinal plants and 28.6% of the uses were novel. ConclusionsThe present study indicated the existence of indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants to treat human and livestock ailments. Therefore, there should be mentoring for the local people in the study area to conserve their indigenous knowledge and resources.