bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial Activities of Co (III), Mono and Tri-nuclear Ni Complexes Containing Schiff base Functionalized Imidazolium based Ligands
Authors: Abubakar Samaila , Muktari Musa , Dogara Rifkatu Kambel 
Published: August 2021

We reported the antimicrobial activities of cobalt and nickel complexes containing imino-NHC ligands. Complex 2 was synthesized by direct reaction of the insitu generated free carbene from 2-[2-(3-benzylimidazol-1-yl)ethyliminomethyl]phenol ligand with NiCl2 diglyme while complexes 3-5 were previously reported as catalysts in the transfer hydrogenation reaction of ketones. The compounds 1-5 were screened for antimicrobial sensitivity test against four gram-negative bacteria Escherichia Coli (E-coli), Shigella, Klebsiella Pneumoniae (K. Pneumoniae) and Salmonella Typhi (S.Typhi) and a gram positive bacteria Staphylocossus aureus (S.aureus). At a varying concentrations of 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 µg/mL, significant activities were recorded using disc diffusion methods. The cobalt complex 3 was found to have higher activities compared with the corresponding nickel complexes and among the three nickel complexes, nickel complex with pyridine as wingtip was found to be more active than the one with a benzyl group. Similarly, the nickel centre with mononuclear was found to be more active than the tri-nuclear nickel complex. Except for the cobalt complex 3 no activity was recorded against S. typhi for all the nickel compounds.
Electron‐Affinity Substituent in 2,6‐Dicarbonitrile Diphenyl‐1λ5‐Phosphinine Towards High‐Quality Organic Lasing and Electroluminescence under High Current Injection
Authors: Tang Xun , Balijapalli Umamahesh , Okada Daichi , Karunathilaka Buddhika S. B. , Senevirathne Chathuranganie A. M. , Lee Yi‐Ting , Feng Zhao , Sandanayaka Atula S. D. , Matsushima Toshinori , Adachi Chihaya 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRationally manipulating the functional substituents plays a crucial role in tuning the luminescence and lasing properties of organic gain media. Herein, a cyanophenyl‐moiety, which exhibits relatively weaker electron affinity, is connected to 2,6‐dicarbonitrile diphenyl‐1λ5‐phosphinine (DCNP) via para‐linking. Resultantly, the appreciated locally‐excited characteristics ensuring a large oscillator strength and high radiative rate can be reserved in DCNP‐4‐(4‐cyanophenyl) (DCNP‐pCN). Interestingly, the weak charge‐transfer state from the relative donor (D)/acceptor (A) interplay enables small singlet‐triplet splitting (ΔEST ≈ 0.45 eV). Thus the triplets generated on DCNP‐pCN can be efficiently scavenged by 4,4'‐bis[(N‐carbazole)styryl]biphenyl (BSBCz), which is used as the host with a lower‐lying triplet energy level for DCNP‐pCN. Moreover, benefitting from the mediation between the conjugated length extension and weak D/A interplay, the emission spectrum cannot be largely shifted, which can effectively suppress the overlap between the lasing emission of DCNP‐pCN and the excited‐state absorption of BSBCz, thereby avoiding detrimental singlet‐triplet annihilation. Thus, high‐quality distributed feedback lasings with ≈2.0 μJ cm−2 thresholds are achieved, and the organic light‐emitting diodes exhibit external quantum efficiency exceeding 2.0% without efficiency rolloff under high current injection, indicating the potential for electrical‐pumping organic lasings.
Gold Nanoclusters as Nanoantibiotic Auranofin Analogues
Authors: Ndugire William , Raviranga N. G. Hasitha , Lao Jingzhe , Ramström Olof , Yan Mingdi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAuranofin, a gold(I)‐complex with tetraacetylated thioglucose (Ac4GlcSH) and triethylphosphine ligands, is an FDA‐approved drug used as an anti‐inflammatory aid in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. In repurposing auranofin for other diseases, it was found that the drug showed significant activity against Gram‐positive but was inactive against Gram‐negative bacteria. Herein, the design and synthesis of gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) based on the structural motif of auranofin are reported. Phosphine‐capped AuNCs are synthesized and glycosylated, yielding auranofin analogues with mixed triphenylphosphine monosulfonate (TPPMS)/Ac4GlcSH ligand shells. These AuNCs are active against both Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria, including multidrug‐resistant pathogens. Notably, an auranofin analogue, a mixed‐ligand 1.6 nm AuNC 4b, is more active than auranofin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while exhibiting lower toxicity against human A549 cells. The enhanced antibacterial activity of these AuNCs is characterized by a greater uptake of Au by the bacteria compared to AuI complexes. Additional factors include increased oxidative stress, moderate inhibition of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and DNA damage. Most intriguingly, the uptake of AuNCs are not affected by the bacterial outer membrane (OM) barrier or by binding with the extracellular proteins. This contrasts with AuI complexes like auranofin that are susceptible to protein binding and hindered by the OM barrier.
Modular Assembly of Tumor‐Penetrating and Oligomeric Nanozyme Based on Intrinsically Self‐Assembling Protein Nanocages
Authors: Liu Qiqi , Tian Jingwei , Liu Jinjian , Zhu Mingsheng , Gao Zhanxia , Hu Xueyan , Midgley Adam C. , Wu Jin , Wang Xinyue , Kong Deling , Zhuang Jie , Liu Jianfeng , Yan Xiyun , Huang Xinglu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBiomimetic design of nanomaterials with enzyme‐like characteristics has emerged as a promising method for the generation of novel therapeutics. However, synthesis of nanomaterials while maintaining a high degree of control over both geometry and valency poses a prominent challenge. Herein, the authors introduce a nanomaterial‐based synthetic biology strategy for accurate and quantitative tailoring of high‐ordered nanostructures that uses a “bottom‐up” hierarchical incorporation of protein building blocks. The assembled nano‐oligomers possessed tunable protein motifs and multivalent binding domains, which facilitated prolonged blood circulation time, accumulation within tumor cells through direct targeting of cell receptors, and deep tumor tissue penetration via a transcytosis mechanism. Using these protein/protein nano‐oligomers as scaffolds, the authors created a new series of artificial nano‐scaled metalloenzymes (nanozymes) by the in situ incorporation of metal nanoclusters within the cavity of the protein nanocages. Nanozymes were capable of mimicking peroxidase‐like activity and generated cytotoxic free radicals. Compared to nanozyme alone, the systemic delivery of oligomeric nanozymes demonstrated significantly enhanced therapeutic and anti‐tumor benefits. This study shows a new insight into nanotechnology by taking advantage of synthetic biotechnology.
Recent Progress in the Fabrication and Characteristics of Self‐Repairing Superhydrophobic Surfaces
Authors: Liu Fatang , Du Hongzhong , Han Ying , Wang Chijia , Liu Zhanjian , Wang Huaiyuan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSuperhydrophobic surfaces show promise in a wide variety of potential applications that require self‐cleaning, antifogging, anti‐icing, anticorrosion, and antifouling properties. However, these surfaces often exhibit poor durability against physical or chemical damage, such as deep cut, ultraviolet irradiation, and oxygen plasma treatment. Superhydrophobic surfaces with self‐repairing properties have been recently developed to overcome these durability issues. The recent progress in the fabrication and characteristics of self‐repairing superhydrophobic surfaces, including chemical component, physical structure, and combined repair is summarized. The application of these superhydrophobic surfaces is also described. The critical limitations regarding self‐repairing surfaces are highlighted and perspectives on future development are discussed.
A Perspective on Cephalopods Mimicry and Bioinspired Technologies toward Proprioceptive Autonomous Soft Robots
Authors: Giordano Goffredo , Carlotti Marco , Mazzolai Barbara 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOctopus skin is an amazing source of inspiration for bioinspired sensors, actuators and control solutions in soft robotics. Soft organic materials, biomacromolecules and protein ingredients in octopus skin combined with a distributed intelligence, result in adaptive displays that can control emerging optical behavior, and 3D surface textures with rough geometries, with a remarkably high control speed (≈ms). To be able to replicate deformable and compliant materials capable of translating mechanical perturbations in molecular and structural chromogenic outputs, could be a glorious achievement in materials science and in the technological field. Soft robots are suitable platforms for soft multi‐responsive materials, which can provide them with improved mechanical proprioception and related smarter behaviors. Indeed, a system provided with a “learning and recognition” functions, and a constitutive “mechanical” and “material intelligence” can result in an improved morphological adaptation in multi‐variate environments responding to external and internal stimuli. This review aims to explore challenges and opportunities related to smart and chromogenic responsive materials for adaptive displays, reconfigurable and programmable soft skin, proprioceptive sensing system, and synthetic nervous control units for data processing, toward autonomous soft robots able to communicate and interact with users in open‐world scenarios.
All‐Solid‐State Thin Film μ‐Batteries for Microelectronics
Authors: Wu Tian , Dai Wei , Ke Meilu , Huang Qing , Lu Li 
Published: August 2021

AbstractContinuous advances in microelectronics and micro/nanoelectromechanical systems enable the use of microsized energy storage devices, namely solid‐state thin‐film μ‐batteries. Different from the current button batteries, the μ‐battery can directly be integrated on microchips forming a very compact “system on chip” since no liquid electrolyte is used in the μ‐battery. The all‐solid‐state battery (ASSB) that uses solid‐state electrolyte has become a research trend because of its high safety and increased capacity. The solid‐state thin‐film μ‐battery belongs to the family of ASSB but in a small format. However, a lot of scientific and technical issues and challenges are to be resolved before its real application, including the ionic conductivity of the solid‐state electrolyte, the electrical conductivity of the electrode, integration technologies, electrochemical‐induced strain, etc. To achieve this goal, understanding the processing of thin films and fundamentals of ion transfer in the solid‐state electrolytes and hence in the μ‐batteries becomes utmost important. This review therefore focuses on solid‐state ionics and provides inside of ion transportation in the solid state and effects of chemistry on electrochemical behaviors and proposes key technology for processing of the μ‐battery.
Circulating jet for enhancing the mass transfer in a gas–liquid stirred tank reactor
Authors: Xu Xiao , Wang Lei , Wang Hualin , Liu Honglai , Yang Qiang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThere are some problems in gas–liquid stirred tank reactor (STR), such as low mass transfer efficiency, high exhaust gas oxygen concentration, and low product conversion rate, due to limitations of stirring speed and input power. This article summarizes the effect of adding circulating jet internals on bubble size distribution, overall gas holdup, gas–liquid volumetric mass transfer coefficient, and power per unit volume of the STR. When circulating jet is added, the average bubble Sauter mean diameter in the STR is reduced to 1.26 mm, and the overall gas holdup is increased to 8.23%, which is an increase of 3.62 times of the original STR. The gas–liquid volumetric mass transfer coefficient is increased to 0.05556 s−1, which is 4.84 times of the original STR. The power per unit volume is increased by only 1.4 times. These data provide references for the design and scale‐up of new jet STRs.
Patient‐reported neurocognitive symptoms influence instrumental activities of daily living in sickle cell disease
Authors: Longoria Jennifer N. , Pugh Norma L. , Gordeuk Victor , Hsu Lewis L. , Treadwell Marsha , King Allison A. , Gibson Robert , Kayle Mariam , Crego Nancy , Glassberg Jeffrey , Melvin Cathy L. , Hankins Jane S. , Porter Jerlym 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIndividuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) experience neurocognitive decline, low medication adherence, increased unemployment, and difficulty with instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). The relationship between self‐perceived cognitive difficulties and IADLs, including employment, school enrollment, independence, engagement in leisure activities, and medication adherence is unknown. We hypothesized that self‐reported difficulties across neurocognitive areas would predict lower IADL skills. Adolescent and adult participants of the multi‐site Sickle Cell Disease Implementation Consortium (SCDIC) (n = 2436) completed patient‐reported outcome (PRO) measures of attention, executive functioning, processing speed, learning, and comprehension. Cognitive symptoms were analyzed as predictors in multivariable modeling. Outcome variables included 1) an IADL composite that consisted of employment, participation in school, reliance on others, and leisure pursuits, and 2) hydroxyurea adherence. Participants reported cognitive difficulty across areas of attention (55%), executive functioning (51%), processing speed (57%), and reading comprehension (65%). Executive dysfunction (p < 0.001) and sometimes or often experiencing learning difficulties (p < 0.001 and p = 0.04) and poor comprehension (p = 0.000 and p = 0.001), controlled for age (p < 0.001), pain (p < 0.001), and hydroxyurea use (p = 0.001), were associated with poor IADL skills. Executive functioning difficulties (p = 0.021), controlled for age (p = 0.013 for ages 25–34), genotype (p = 0.001), and hemoglobin (p = 0.004), predicted hydroxyurea non‐adherence. Analysis of PRO measures indicated that cognitive dysfunction is prevalent in adolescents and adults with SCD. Cognitive dysfunction translated into clinically meaningful outcomes. PRO of cognitive symptoms can be used as an important adjunct clinical tool to monitor symptoms that impact functional skills, including engagement in societal activities and medication adherence.
Electrochemical Nitric Oxide Reduction on Metal Surfaces
Authors: Wan Hao , Bagger Alexander , Rossmeisl Jan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractElectrocatalytic denitrification is a promising technology for removing NOx species (NO3−, NO2− and NO). For NOx electroreduction (NOxRR), there is a desire for understanding the catalytic parameters that control the product distribution. Here, we elucidate selectivity and activity of catalyst for NOxRR. At low potential we classify metals by the binding of *NO versus *H. Analogous to classifying CO2 reduction by *CO vs. *H, Cu is able to bind *NO while not binding *H giving rise to a selective NH3 formation. Besides being selective, Cu is active for the reaction found by an activity‐volcano. For metals that does not bind NO the reaction stops at NO, similar to CO2‐to‐CO. At potential above 0.3 V vs. RHE, we speculate a low barrier for N coupling with NO causing N2O formation. The work provides a clear strategy for selectivity and aims to inspire future research on NOxRR.
Applications of quantitative metabolomics to revolutionize early diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism in India
Authors: Chandran Jisha , Bellad Anikha , Ramarajan Madan Gopal , Rangiah Kannan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractInborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are a group of disorders caused by disruption of metabolic pathways, which leads to accumulation, decreased circulating levels, or increased excretion of metabolites as a consequence of the underlying genetic defects. These heterogeneous groups of disorders cause significant neonatal and infant mortality across the whole world and it is of utmost concern for developing countries like India owing to lack of awareness and standard preventive strategies like newborn screening (NBS). Though the predictive cumulative incidence of IEMs is said to be ∼1:800 newborns, data pertaining to the true prevalence of individual IEMs is not available in the context of Indian population. There is a need for a large population‐based study to get a clear picture of the prevalence of different IEMs. One of the best ways to screen for IEMs is by applying advanced liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) technology using a quantitative metabolomics approaches such as selected or multiple reaction monitoring (SRM or MRM). Recent developments in LC‐MS/MRM based quantification of marker metabolites in newborns have opened a novel opportunity to screen multiple disorders simultaneously from a minuscule volume of biological fluids. In this review article, we have highlighted how LC‐MS/MRM based metabolomics approach with its high sensitivity and diagnostic capability can make an impact on the nation's public health through NBS programs.
Simultaneous determination of skimmin, apiosylskimmin, 7‐hydroxycoumarin and 7‐hydroxycoumarin glucuronide in rat plasma by liquid chromatography–Orbitrap mass spectrometry and its application to pharmacokinetics
Authors: Luo Lijun , Liu Xiao , Jin Xiaoxu , Liu Yuke , Ma Jie , Zhang Sen , Zhang Dongming , Chen Xiaoguang , Sheng Li , Li Yan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe effective fraction of coumarin glycosides fromHydrangea paniculataSieb (HP) has been under development for the treatment of chronic kidney disease for years. Skimmin and apiosylskimmin are the main coumarin glycosides of HP, and the major metabolites in rats are 7‐hydroxycoumarin (7‐HC) and 7‐hydroxycoumarin glucuronide (7‐HCG). In this study, a sensitive and reliable liquid chromatography–Orbitrap mass spectrometry method was developed for the simultaneous determination of skimmin, apiosylskimmin, 7‐HC and 7‐HCG in rat plasma. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Zobax SB C18column (2.1 × 100 mm, 3.5 μm) at a flow rate of 0.3 ml/min with a gradient mobile phase of water and acetonitrile containing 0.2% formic acid. Skimmin, apiosylskimmin and 7‐HCG were detected in targeted‐selected‐ion‐monitoring mode at positive ionsm/zof 325.0911, 457.1331 and 339.0703, respectively. 7‐HC and the internal standard were detected in parallel‐reaction‐monitoring mode atm/z163.0387 → 119.0492 and 260.1641 → 116.1071 to overcome the carryover of 7‐HC. Linearity was obtained for the analytes within the ranges 20–2,000 ng/ml for skimmin, 5–500 ng/ml for apiosylskimmin and 7‐HC and 100–10,000 ng/ml for 7‐HCG. Validation parameters were all in line with the criteria of international guidance. The method has been applied to the pharmacokinetic study of HP in rats.
The effects of caregiver's burden on dynamic structure in disorder of consciousness families: An observational study
Authors: Corallo Francesco , Pria Deborah , Di Blasi Agata , Bonanno Lilla , De Cola Maria Cristina , Di Cara Marcella , Rifici Carmela , De Salvo Simona , Bramanti Placido , Marino Silvia , Lo Buono Viviana 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionDisorder of consciousness is a clinical condition due to severe brain damage. The impact of consciousness disorder on the family is characterized by a combination of biopsychosocial factors. The burden and suffering perceived by caregivers can cause psychological distress characterized by anxiety, depression, and physical illness. The aim of the study was to investigate the interaction between family dynamics and caregiver burden.MethodsWe enlisted 35 caregivers of subjects in a minimally conscious state. Two skilled psychologists administered the Olson's Adaptability and Family Cohesion Assessment Scale and the Novak's Burden Inventory Caregiver Scale to assess family function and family burden, respectively.ResultsWe found that the caregiver burden correlates with the family adaptability and cohesion, as well as with enmeshment, rigidity, and disengagement.ConclusionFindings suggest that the traumatic event does not affect the family structure. Families are able to maintain a balanced functioning and control distress.
The wicked problem of sustainable development in supply chains
Authors: Pederneiras Yasmim Maia , Meckenstock Johann , Carvalho Ana Isabel Cerqueira , Barbosa‐Póvoa Ana Paula 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe operationalization of sustainable development involves ambiguity, complexity and uncertainty. It becomes more complex when applied in supply chain operations. Indeed, the research in sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) is influenced by positivist paradigms that do not address subjective issues. Therefore, we suggest that SSCM is often dealing with so‐called ‘wicked’ problems. This paper aims to emphasize the relationship between wicked problem complexities and SSCM characteristics. Through a ground theory approach, we develop a conceptual framework that relates the social, cognitive and temporal complexities of a wicked problem with characteristics of SSCM. Furthermore, we propose business strategies to mediate this relationship. Our contribution highlights the importance of the stakeholder's engagement to develop common sustainability values and language, clarity and transparency in the supply chain activities, and continuity and equity in a long‐term partnership.
Modification and Patterning of Self‐Assembled Monolayers Using Electrogenerated Etchants and Homogeneous Scavenging Reactions in a Scanning Electrochemical Microscope
Authors: Vaske Britta , Schaube Maximilian , Meiners Frank , Ross Jan Henning , Christoffers Jens , Wittstock Gunther 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSelf‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) of oligoethylene glycol (OEG)‐terminated alkanethiolates on gold, which are used to control protein adsorption and cell adhesion, were patterned by reaction with Br2/HOBr electrogenerated at a microelectrode of a scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM). The spreading of the Br2 diffusion layers was limited by a homogeneous reaction with cystamine or L‐cystine as scavengers. The influence of process parameters on the patterning process was explored by simulation and combinatorial experiments. The experimental determination of pattern sizes from SECM feedback images was verified by scanning force microscopy. The simulation considered the local Br2 formation as well as Br2 consumption in the reaction with the OEG SAM, by reduction at the gold substrate, and by the homogeneous scavenging reaction. It used experimentally determined diffusion coefficients and rate constants of the scavenging reaction. and Experiments and simulation confirmed the existence of regions in the parameter space, in which the patterning process is robust against small variation of the parameters working distance, pulse time and scavenger excess.
Divergent Construction of Diverse Scaffolds through Catalyst‐Controlled C−H Activation Cascades of Quinazolinones and Cyclopropenones
Authors: Shi Yuesen , Huang Tianle , Wang Ting , Chen Jian , Liu Xuexin , Wu Zhouping , Huang Xiaofang , Zheng Yao , Yang Zhongzhen , Wu Yong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA transition‐metal‐catalyzed C−H activation cascade strategy to rapidly construct diverse quinazolinone derivatives in a one‐pot manner is reported. The catalysts play an important role in the different transformations. Additionally, the procedure is scalable, proceeds with high efficiency and good chemo‐/regio‐selectivity, and tolerates a range of functional groups.