bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ONLINE RELIGION AND RETHINKING THE DA’WAH AUTHORITY TOWARD AN INCLUSIVE DA’WAH: A CONCEPTUAL STUDY
Authors: Adeni Adeni - 
Published: January 2021

This paper aims to examine the concept of da’wah authority in the context of the relationship between religion and new media. The presence of new media has an impact on the development of Islamic da'wah especially regarding the issue of da'wah authority. By using a qualitative method based on library research, this paper concludes that first, the da’wah authority has shifted from the sender authority to the recipient authority, who is free and active in interpreting da'wah messages. Second, in the realm of new media, there is no clear boundary between the sender and da’wah messages recipient so that someone can be both the sender and the recipient of da'wah at the same time. Third, new media allows the opening of space for dialogue between religions. Fourth, feedback from da'wah recipients requires that the message conveyed must be valid, argumentative, and convincing. Fifth, da'wah in new media can no longer be forced to be accepted by the recipient except based on certain considerations from the recipient.Makalah ini bertujuan mengkaji konsep otoritas dakwah dalam konteks hubungan antara agama dan media baru (new media). kehadiran media baru berdampak pada perkembangan dakwah Islam khususnya terkait dengan otoritas dakwah. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif berdasarkan studi pustaka (library research), makalah ini menyimpulkan bahwa pertama, otoritas dakwah telah bergeser dari otoritas pengirim menjadi otoritas penerima yang bebas dan aktif dalam menafsirkan pesan dakwah. Kedua, dalam ranah new media tidak ada batasan yang jelas antara pengirim dan penerima pesan dakwah sehingga seseorang dapat menjadi pengirim sekaligus penerima dakwah. Ketiga, media baru memungkinkan terbukanya ruang dialog antar agama. Keempat, umpan balik dari penerima dakwah mengharuskan pesan yang disampaikan harus valid, argumentatif, dan meyakinkan. Kelima, dakwah di media baru tidak bisa lagi dipaksa untuk diterima oleh penerima kecuali berdasarkan pertimbangan tertentu dari penerima.
Aberrant Axo-Axonic Synaptic Reorganization in the Phosphorylated L1-CAM/Calcium Channel Subunit α2δ−1-Containing Central Terminals of Injured c-Fibers in the Spinal Cord of a Neuropathic Pain Model
Authors: Yamanaka Hiroki , Okubo Masamichi , Kobayashi Kimiko , Noguchi Koichi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, peripheral nerve injury induces structural and neurochemical alterations through which aberrant synaptic signals contribute to the formation of neuropathic pain. However, the role of injured primary afferent terminals in such plastic changes remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of nerve injury on the morphology of cell adhesion molecule L1-CAM [total L1-CAM (tL1-CAM)]-positive primary afferent terminals and on the synaptic contact pattern in the dorsal horn. In the confocal images, the tL1-CAM-positive terminals showed morphologic changes leading to the formation of hypertrophic varicosities in the c-fiber terminal. These hypertrophic varicosities in the dorsal horn were co-labeled with phosphorylated (Ser1181) L1-CAM (pL1-CAM) and shown to store neurotransmitter peptides, but not when co-labeled with the presynaptic marker, synaptophysin. Quantitative analyses based on 3D-reconstructed confocal images revealed that peripheral nerve injury reduced dendritic synaptic contacts but promoted aberrant axo-axonic contacts on the tL1-CAM-positive hypertrophic varicosities. These tL1-CAM-positive varicosities co-expressed the injury-induced α2δ−1 subunit of the calcium channel in the dorsal horn. Administration of the anti-allodynic drug, pregabalin, inhibited accumulation of α2δ−1 and pL1-CAM associated with a reduction in hypertrophic changes of tL1-CAM-positive varicosities, and normalized injury-induced alterations in synaptic contacts in the dorsal horn. Our findings highlight the formation of aberrant spinal circuits that mediate the convergence of local neuronal signals onto injured c-fibers, suggesting that these hypertrophic varicosities may be important contributors to the pathologic mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain.
Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase in Nucleus Accumbens Specifically Mediates Susceptibility to Social Defeat Stress through Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5
Authors: Yin Chun-Yu , Huang Shu-Ying , Gao Ling , Lin Yu-Hui , Chang Lei , Wu Hai-Yin , Zhu Dong-Ya , Luo Chun-Xia 
Published: January 2021

Stress-induced depression is common worldwide. NAc, a “reward” center, is recently reported to be critical to confer the susceptibility to chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) and the depression-related outcome. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been well characterized. In this study, we induced depression-like behaviors with CSDS and chronic mild stress in male mice to mimic social and environmental factors, respectively, and observed animal behaviors with social interaction test, tail suspension test, and sucrose preference test. To determine the role of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and its product nitric oxide (NO), we used brain region-specifically nNOS overexpression and stereotaxic injection of NO inhibitor or donor. Moreover, the downstream molecular cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) was explored by conditional KO and gene mutation. We demonstrate that nNOS-implicated mechanisms in NAc shell (NAcSh), including increased cell number, increased protein expression levels, and increased specific enzyme activity, contribute the susceptibility to social defeat and the following depression-like behaviors. NAcSh nNOS does not directly respond to chronic mild stress but facilitates the depression-like behaviors. The increased NAcSh nNOS expression after CSDS leads to the social avoidance and depression-like behaviors in defeated mice, which is dependent on the nNOS enzyme activity and NO production. Moreover, we identify the downstream signal in NAcSh. S-nitrosylation of CDK5 by NO contributes to enhanced CDK5 activity, leading to depression-related behaviors in susceptible mice. Therefore, NAcSh nNOS mediates susceptibility to social defeat stress and the depression-like behaviors through CDK5.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTStress-induced depression is common worldwide, and chronic exposure to social and psychological stressors is important cause of human depression. Our study conducted with chronic social defeat stress mice models demonstrates that nNOS in NAcSh is crucial to regulate the susceptibility to social defeat stress and the following depression-like behaviors, indicating NAcSh nNOS as the responding molecule to social factors of depression. Moreover, we discover the downstream mechanism of NAcSh nNOS in mediating the susceptibility is NO and S-nitrosylation of CDK5. Thus, NAcSh nNOS mediates susceptibility to social defeat stress through CDK5 is a potential mechanism for depression, which may interpret how the brain transduces social stress exposure into depression.
Lists with and without Syntax: A New Approach to Measuring the Neural Processing of Syntax
Authors: Law Ryan , Pylkkänen Liina 
Published: January 2021

In the neurobiology of syntax, a methodological challenge is to vary syntax while holding semantics constant. Changes in syntactic structure usually correlate with changes in meaning. We approached this challenge from a new angle. We deployed word lists—typically, the unstructured control in studies of syntax—as both test and control stimuli. Three-noun lists (“lamps, dolls, guitars”) were embedded in sentences (“The eccentric man hoarded lamps, dolls, guitars…”) and in longer lists (“forks, pen, toilet, rodeo, lamps, dolls, guitars…”). This allowed us to minimize contributions from lexical semantics and local phrasal combinatorics: the same words occurred in both conditions, and in neither case did the list items locally compose into phrases (e.g., “lamps” and “dolls” do not form a phrase). Crucially, the list partakes in a syntactic tree in one case but not the other. Lists-in-sentences increased source-localized MEG activity at ∼250–300 ms from each of the list item onsets in the left inferior frontal cortex, at ∼300–350 ms in the left anterior temporal lobe and, most reliably, at ∼330–400 ms in left posterior temporal cortex. In contrast, the main effects of semantic association strength, which we also varied, localized in the left temporoparietal cortex, with high associations increasing activity at ∼400 ms. This dissociation offers a novel characterization of the structure versus word meaning contrast in the brain: the frontotemporal network that is familiar from studies of sentence processing can be driven by the sheer presence of global sentence structure, while associative semantics has a more posterior neural signature.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHuman languages all have a syntax, which both enables the infinitude of linguistic creativity and determines what is grammatical in a language. The neurobiology of syntactic processing has, however, been challenging to characterize despite decades of study. One reason is pure manipulations of syntax are difficult to design. The approach here offers a novel control of two variables that are notoriously hard to keep constant when syntax is manipulated: word meaning and phrasal combinatorics. The same noun lists occurred inside longer lists and sentences, while semantic associations also varied. Our MEG results show that classic frontotemporal language regions can be driven by sentence structure even when local semantic contributions are absent. In contrast, the left temporoparietal junction tracks associative relationships.
Predicting Mental Health From Followed Accounts on Twitter
Authors: Costello Cory , Srivastava Sanjay , Rejaie Reza , Zalewski Maureen 
Published: January 2021

The past decade has seen rapid growth in research linking stable psychological characteristics (i.e., traits) to digital records of online behavior in Online Social Networks (OSNs) like Facebook and Twitter, which has implications for basic and applied behavioral sciences. Findings indicate that a broad range of psychological characteristics can be predicted from various behavioral residue online, including language used in posts on Facebook (Park et al., 2015) and Twitter (Reece et al., 2017), and which pages a person ‘likes’ on Facebook (e.g., Kosinski, Stillwell, & Graepel, 2013). The present study examined the extent to which the accounts a user follows on Twitter can be used to predict individual differences in self-reported anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress, and anger. Followed accounts on Twitter offer distinct theoretical and practical advantages for researchers; they are potentially less subject to overt impression management and may better capture passive users. Using an approach designed to minimize overfitting and provide unbiased estimates of predictive accuracy, our results indicate that each of the four constructs can be predicted with modest accuracy (out-of-sample R’s of approximately .2). Exploratory analyses revealed that anger, but not the other constructs, was distinctly reflected in followed accounts, and there was some indication of bias in predictions for women (vs. men) but not for racial/ethnic minorities (vs. majorities). We discuss our results in light of theories linking psychological traits to behavior online, applications seeking to infer psychological characteristics from records of online behavior, and ethical issues such as algorithmic bias and users’ privacy.
Pediatric Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine: A Scoping Review
Authors: DeMarsh Samantha , Huntzinger Anneliese , Gehred Alison , Stanek Joseph R. , Kemper Kathi J. , Belsky Jennifer A. 
Published: January 2021

CONTEXT:
A common reproach precluding the use of osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) in pediatrics is a lack of evidence regarding its safety, feasibility, and effectiveness.

OBJECTIVE:
We conducted a systematic, scoping review of pediatric osteopathic medicine to identify gaps in the literature and make recommendations for future research.

DATA SOURCES:
We searched 10 databases using 6 key words and medical subject heading terms for any primary articles reporting OMM use in children published from database inception until initiation of the study.

STUDY SELECTION:
Articles were selected if they reported primary data on OMM conducted in the United States on patient(s) 0 to 18 years old.

DATA EXTRACTION:
Baseline study characteristics were collected from each article and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations system was used to critically appraise each study.

RESULTS:
Database search yielded 315 unique articles with 30 studies fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of these, 13 reported the data required to demonstrate statistically significant results, and no significant adverse events were reported. The majority of studies were graded as providing weak clinical evidence because of significant methodologic flaws and biases.

LIMITATIONS:
The review was limited to US-based studies and reports. Minimal discrepancies between reviewers were resolved via an objective third reviewer.

CONCLUSIONS:
There is little strong, scientific, evidence-based literature demonstrating the therapeutic benefit of OMM for pediatric care. No strong clinical recommendations can be made, but it can be medically tolerated given its low risk profile. High-quality, scientifically rigorous OMM research is required to evaluate safety, feasibility, and efficacy in pediatrics.
Use of polymerase chain reaction in verification and differential diagnosis of babesiosis pathogens
Authors: Torianyk I. I. , Tymchenko O. M. , Ostapets M. O. , Chygyrynska N. A. , Pokhyl S. I. , Kostyria I. A. , Sorokina I. V. 
Published: January 2021

Today, Babesia is recognized as one of the most common blood parasites in the world, which in terms of the number of cases of invasion is second only to trypanosomes (the causative agent of African trypanosomiasis and Chagas’ disease). These microorganisms can cause parasitism in erythrocytes and hematopoietic organs. They cause an infectious process, the clinical course of which can vary from asymptomatic, subclinical, mild or moderate influenza-like forms – to severe progressive disease (fulminant form) with fatal outcome. Thus, the latter determines the significant burden of babesia for the leading branches of medicine, veterinary medicine and the economy as a whole. The presented work is devoted to the study of the prospects for verification of babesiosis causative agents by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Blood, erythrocyte suspension, homogenized tick-carriers of babesiosis, culture of Babesia spp. were used as research material (samples). In order to obtain an objective assessment, the PCR-diagnostics method was used in two formats – standard and multiplex (multi-primer). Multiple PCR testing of multiplex format using primers in model samples containing cells of different species of Babesia (B. microti, B. divergens, B. bovis, B. canis), allowed us to establish the level of reproducibility of the results of such studies, which ranged 94.6–96.4%, to determine the level of PCR sensitivity of the multiplex format for detection/identification of human pathogenic babesia (B. microti, B. divergens and B. venatorum). It is established that the advantages of the PCR-diagnostic method of babesiosis pathogens in the samples of the studied biomaterial were: speed of research (2–4 hours); high sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility of Babesia detection results, prospects of species identification, differentiation with apicomplex spores (Plasmodium falciparum, Toxoplasma). In view of the above, the PCR method is recommended for use in cases of persistent suspicion of babesiosis infection (in cases of negative results of microscopic/cytological studies, to identify asymptomatic, subclinical and chronic forms of babesiosis, verification of active invasion in seropositive individuals and for Babesia species and their differentiation).
Biegły jako asesor w procesie skróconym przed biskupem
Authors: Dappa Rafał 
Published: January 2021

Rozpatrywanie spraw o nieważność małżeństwa z tytułu niezdolności, o której w kan. 1095 KPK, w procesie skróconym wciąż budzi wiele wątpliwości. Są one związane przede wszystkim z tematem biegłych sądowych. Niniejszy artykuł jest propozycją praktycznego rozwiązania tej kwestii, polegającą na możliwości ustanowienia biegłego sądowego asesorem. W tym celu szczegółowej analizie zostały poddane przepisy prawne dotyczące biegłych sądowych oraz urzędu asesora w procesie kanonicznym.
Hubungan Durasi Tidur dan Perilaku Sedentari dengan Body Mass Index pada Siswa SMA Negeri 3 Ciamis
Authors: Sara Krisbi , Risma Risma , Sutisna Nana 
Published: January 2021

Indonesia seperti negara berkembang lainnya mengalami permasalahan obesitas pada remaja. Ada beberapa faktor yang menjadi penyebab terjdinya obesitas diantaranya adalah durasi tidur dan perilaku sedentari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji hubungan antara durasi tidur dan perilaku sedentari dengan body mass index pada siswa SMA Negeri 3 Ciamis. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode Correlational. Sampel berjumlah 36 orang siswa SMA di Kabupaten Ciamis. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengukur durasi tidur dan perilaku sedentari adalah alat ActivPal, sedangkan untuk mengukur body mass index adalah dengan pengukuran tinggi badan dan berat badan siswa. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, deskripsi, pengujiam hasil penelitian, dan hasil analisis korelasi pearson product moment rx1y = -0,264, bahwa terdapat hubungan negatif antara durasi tidur dengan body mass index dengan kekuatan sangat rendah. rx2y = 0,008, bahwa terdapat hubungan positif antara perilaku sedentari dengan body mass index dengan kekuatan sangat rendah. Sedangkan hasil analisis regresi linear multiples dengan hasil rx12y = 0,339, bahwa terdapat hubungan antar durasi tidur dan perilaku sedentari dengan body mass index.
Paleoseismic Trenching Reveals Late Quaternary Kinematics of the Leech River Fault: Implications for Forearc Strain Accumulation in Northern Cascadia
Authors: Harrichhausen Nicolas , Morell Kristin D. , Regalla Christine , Bennett Scott E. K. , Leonard Lucinda J. , Lynch Emerson M. , Nissen Edwin 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
New paleoseismic trenching indicates late Quaternary oblique right-lateral slip on the Leech River fault, southern Vancouver Island, Canada, and constrains permanent forearc deformation in northern Cascadia. A south-to-north reduction in northward Global Navigation Satellite System velocities and seismicity across the Olympic Mountains, Strait of Juan de Fuca (JDF), and the southern Strait of Georgia, has been used as evidence for permanent north–south crustal shortening via thrust faulting between a northward migrating southern forearc and rigid northern backstop in southwestern Canada. However, previous paleoseismic studies indicating late Quaternary oblique right-lateral slip on west-northwest-striking forearc faults north of the Olympic Mountains and in the southern Strait of Georgia are more consistent with forearc deformation models that invoke oroclinal bending and(or) westward extrusion of the Olympic Mountains. To help evaluate strain further north across the Strait of JDF, we present the results from two new paleoseismic trenches excavated across the Leech River fault. In the easternmost Good Hope trench, we document a vertical fault zone and a broad anticline deforming glacial till. Comparison of till clast orientations in faulted and undeformed glacial till shows evidence for postdeposition faulted till clast rotation, indicating strike-slip shear. The orientation of opening mode fissuring during surface rupture is consistent with right-lateral slip and the published regional SHmax directions. Vertical separation and the formation of scarp-derived colluvium along one fault also indicate a dip-slip component. Radiocarbon charcoal dating within offset glacial till and scarp-derived colluvium suggest a single surface rupturing earthquake at 9.4±3.4  ka. The oblique right-lateral slip sense inferred in the Good Hope trench is consistent with slip kinematics observed on other regional west-northwest-striking faults and indicates that these structures do not accommodate significant north–south shortening via thrust faulting.
A Conceptual Approach to Identify Factors Affecting the Digital Transformation of Micro, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (MSMEs) during Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia
Authors: Wiliandri Ruly - 
Published: January 2021

This article aims to identify both internal and external factors that influence the Digital Transformation (DT) process of Micro, Small, and Medium-sized Enterprises (MSMEs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Covid-19 pandemic, which hits all countries including Indonesia, forces business entities, including MSMEs, to digitally transform their business process. The government’s policies on physical distancing and Large-Scale Social Restriction in several regions greatly impacts MSMEs’ activities i.e. decreasing demands or sales up to 60%. The government’s support for improving the telecommunications infrastructure and a digital ecosystem plays an essential role in accelerating DT. Besides, the government’s initiative to establish business centers can also promote DT of the MSMEs. Moreover, this article describes the challenges faced by MSMEs in carrying out DT during the pandemic. This article applied a conceptual approach to explore the influential factors, both internal and external factors of DT process for MSMEs. Besides, this article will explain DT of MSMEs based on capability and the ecosystem perspectives. As this article suggests, considering those factors will broaden our understanding of MSMEs’ efforts to digitalise their business. The digital transformation model via business centers establishment can encourage MSMEs to go digital.
Effect of age at cochlear implantation on speech and auditory performance
Authors: Alam Mohammed Iftekharul , Asaduzzaman A. K. M. , Hossain Mohammad K. , Hossain M. Belal , Mahmud Tasnia 
Published: January 2021

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Cochlear implants (CI) are currently widely accepted as treatment for patients with severe bilateral hearing loss. The outcomes of cochlear implantation among post lingual and crossover patients measuring surgical and functional outcomes and identifying areas which require further attention or improvement.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This is retrospective clinical study was performed in a total of 80 children purposively screened from the patients who attended the outpatient clinic with complaints of hearing, speech or language impairment. The study group consisted those children who fit into the candidacy norms for cochlear implantation at the Department of ENT and Head-Neck Surgery, Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka from January 2017 to June 2019. Children with bilateral severe to profound sensori-neural hearing loss, age less than 5 years and prelingual deafness was included in this study. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Mean categorical auditory performance (CAP) and speech intelligibility rating (SIR) at 6 month and 12 month were statistically significant (p&lt;0.05) compare with at 3 month. The mean post-operative CAP score was found significantly increased at 6, 12 and 24 month follow up age ≤3 years than &gt;3 years (p&lt;0.05). The mean post-operative SIR score was found significantly increased at 6, 12 and 24 month follow up in children age ≤3 years than &gt;3 years (p&lt;0.05).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The majority of implanted have significantly gained auditory improvement as shown by the CAP and SIR scores in both group. Comparison between age group CAP and SIR score was significantly increased when children age &lt;3 years than &gt;3 years.</p>