bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prophages in the infant gut are largely induced, and may be functionally relevant to their hosts
Authors: Redgwell Tamsin A. , Thorsen Jonathan , Petit Marie-Agnes , Deng Ling , Vestergaard Gisle A. , Russel Jakob , Bisgaard Hans , Nielsen Dennis S. , Sørensen Søren , Stokholm Jakob , Shah Shiraz A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundBacteriophages are the most abundant biological entity on the planet, and are key components of any ecosystem they are present in. The gut virome is increasingly being implicated in disease states although these studies largely focus on lytic phages in adults. Here we identify prophages from a large infant cohort and investigate their potential functions.ResultsWe identified 10645 vOTUs from 662 metagenomes. No core virome was found: the most prevalent vOTU was identified in 70% of the samples. The most abundant and prevalent group of phages are a novel group closely related to Bacteroides phage Hanky p00’. Functional annotation of this group revealed the presence of genes in the dDTP-L-rhamnose pathway, possibly involved in the production of capsular polysaccharides. We also found an abundance of diversity generating retroelements in the phages. Additionally, paired virome data allowed us to show that the majority of prophages are induced in at least one sample and that this is not affected by the use of antibiotics in the 4 weeks prior to sampling.ConclusionsProphages in the infant gut are largely unique to the individual and not shared. Most of them appear to be induced and so may be key drivers in shaping the bacterial microbiome. The most abundant group of phages are novel, and possess elements that may allow them to maintain differentially susceptible subpopulations of their host bacterium; whilst also containing diversity generating retroelements that could expand their host range. Prophages are important components of the infant gut that may have far reaching influences on the composition and function of the microbiome.
Inter- and intrapopulational heterogeneity of characteristic markers in adult human neural crest-derived stem cells
Authors: Windmöller Beatrice A. , Höving Anna L. , Greiner Johannes F.W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAdult human neural crest-derived stem cells (NCSCs) are found in a variety of adult tissues and show an extraordinary broad developmental potential. NCSCs are therefore promising candidates for applications in regenerative medicine, although increasing evidence suggest a remaining niche-dependent variability between different NCSC-populations regarding their behavior and expression signatures. In the present study, we extended the view on heterogeneity of NCSCs by identifying heterogeneous expression levels and protein amounts of characteristic markers even between NCSCs from the same niche of origin. In particular, populations of neural crest-derived inferior turbinate stem cells (ITSCs) isolated from different individuals showed significant variations in characteristic NCSC marker proteins Nestin, S100 and Slug in a donor-dependent manner. Notably, increased nuclear protein amounts of Slug were accompanied by a significantly elevated level of nuclear NF-κB-p65 protein, suggesting an NF-κB-dependent regulation of NCSC-makers. In addition to this interpopulational genetic heterogeneity of ITSC-populations from different donors, single ITSCs also revealed a strong heterogeneity regarding the protein amounts of Nestin, S100, Slug and NF-κB-p65 even within the same clonal culture. Our present findings therefor strongly suggest ITSC-heterogeneity to be at least partly based on an interpopulational genetic heterogeneity dependent on the donor accompanied by a stochastic intrapopulational heterogeneity between single cells. We propose this stochastic intrapopulational heterogeneity to occur in addition to the already described genetic variability between clonal NCSC-cultures and the niche-dependent plasticity of NCSCs. Our observations offer a novel perspective on NCSC-heterogeneity, which may build the basis to understand heterogeneous NCSC-behavior and improve their clinical applicability.
Cryo-EM structure of the transcription termination factor Rho from Mycobacterium tuberculosis reveals mechanism of resistance to bicyclomycin
Authors: Saridakis Emmanuel , Vishwakarma Rishi , Lai-Kee-Him Josephine , Martin Kevin , Simon Isabelle , Cohen-Gonsaud Martin , Coste Franck , Bron Patrick , Margeat Emmanuel , Boudvillain Marc 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTThe bacterial Rho factor is a ring-shaped motor triggering genome-wide transcription termination and R-loop dissociation. Rho is essential in many species, including in Mycobacterium tuberculosis where rho gene inactivation leads to rapid death. Yet, the M. tuberculosis Rho [MtbRho] factor displays poor NTPase and helicase activities, and resistance to the natural Rho inhibitor bicyclomycin [BCM] that remain unexplained. Here, we address these unusual features by solving the cryo-EM structure of MtbRho at 3.3 Å resolution, providing a new framework for future antibiotic development. The MtbRho hexamer is poised into a pre-catalytic, open-ringed state wherein specific contacts stabilize ATP in intersubunit ATPase pockets, thereby explaining the cofactor preference of MtbRho. We reveal a leucine-to-methionine substitution that creates a steric bulk in BCM binding cavities near the positions of ATP γ-phosphates, and confers resistance to BCM at the expense of motor efficiency.
Free vibration analysis of a rotating double tapered beam with flexible root via differential quadrature method
Authors: Yavuz Mustafa Tolga Tolga , Özkol İbrahim 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
This study aims to develop the governing differential equation and to analyze the free vibration of a rotating non-uniform beam having a flexible root and setting angle for variations in operating conditions and structural design parameters.

Design/methodology/approach
Hamiltonian principle is used to derive the flapwise bending motion of the structure, and the governing differential equations are solved numerically by using differential quadrature with satisfactory accuracy and computation time.

Findings
The results obtained by using the differential quadrature method (DQM) are compared to results of previous studies in the open literature to show the power of the used method. Important results affecting the dynamics characteristics of a rotating beam are tabulated and illustrated in concerned figures to show the effect of investigated design parameters and operating conditions.

Originality/value
The principal novelty of this paper arises from the application of the DQM to a rotating non-uniform beam with flexible root and deriving new governing differential equation including various parameters such as rotary inertia, setting angle, taper ratios, root flexibility, hub radius and rotational speed. Also, the application of the used numerical method is expressed clearly step by step with the algorithm scheme.
Charting sustained usage toward mobile social media application: the criticality of expected benefits and emotional motivations
Authors: Le Xuan Cu 
Published: June 2021

PurposeZalo is a Vietnam social media platform attracting over 100 m users worldwide. The work aims to ascertain how to boost users' satisfaction, habit and continuance intention toward Zalo based on the expectation confirmation theory (ECT) and its extension through the impacts of expected benefits and emotional motivations.Design/methodology/approachData are collected via an online survey on a convenience sample of 356 Zalo users. Statistical analysis is performed using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) and Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) to test proposed hypotheses.FindingsResults indicate that confirmation positively influences expected benefits (i.e. pervasiveness, socialization, and self-discovery) and satisfaction. Moreover, satisfaction and habit are jointly stimulated by expected benefits and emotional motivations. Outcomes also reveal that satisfaction is a motivator of habit, which in turn surmises evidently to continuance intention.Practical implicationsFindings assist practitioners to develop their business trajectories by improving beneficial services of Zalo and positive emotions. This fulfills user satisfaction and habit, and promotes continuance behavior accordingly.Originality/valueConfirmation and expected benefits are acknowledged as the drivers of satisfaction, but existing literature remains inconclusive about dimensions of expected benefits influencing satisfaction and habit in social media. Furthermore, this study, by an extended ECT, explores emotional motivations for satisfaction and habit. Ultimately, habit is uncovered to foster prolonged usage.
Do consumer ethnocentrism and animosity affect the importance of country-of-origin in dairy products evaluation? The moderating effect of purchase frequency
Authors: Yang Rongbin , Ramsaran Roshnee , Wibowo Santoso 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the effects of consumer ethnocentrism and animosity on the importance of country-of-origin in food product evaluation. It also tested the moderating effect of purchase frequency.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from dairy consumers residing in China. The research model was tested using structural equation modelling with AMOS.FindingsThe results indicated that the importance of country-of-origin in product evaluation is not necessarily driven by consumer ethnocentrism or animosity. Only among frequent purchasers, a higher level of consumer ethnocentrism or animosity can be associated with more importance of country-of-origin in product evaluation.Originality/valueDespite the significant role of purchase frequency, this factor has been less considered in the existing literature on consumer ethnocentrism and animosity. This study represented an initial attempt to the role of purchase frequency in the effects of consumer ethnocentrism and animosity on food product evaluation. It revealed that purchase frequency should be adopted as a moderating factor in future studies in this field.
Entrepreneurship education and training in Indian higher education institutions: a suggested framework
Authors: Chhabra Meghna , Dana Leo-Paul , Malik Sahil , Chaudhary Narendra Singh 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThe study aims to evaluate the components of entrepreneurship education and training (EET) in India. The paper proposes a framework for an effective EET regime for amalgamating entrepreneurship education as fundamental to mainstream higher education in India.Design/methodology/approachThe current study utilises a qualitative research technique, that is, the narrative inquiry methodology based on in-depth interviews. The study respondents included sixteen educators who are actively engaged in EET and related activities for a minimum of ten years.FindingsThe study identified five broad “meaning units” or “themes,” that is, “incremental pedagogical efficiency and flexible evaluation systems,” “entrepreneurial experience of the faculty,” “extended support,” “holistic mentoring” and “experiential learning” as components of an effective EET regime.Originality/valueThe study will help the policymakers and higher education institutions (HEIs) revisit their policy frameworks and practices to promote entrepreneurial capacity and entrepreneurial intentions among students. The study will also help to gain deeper insights into EET components and will propose a framework for an effective EET regime based on its findings.
Analysis of approaches to the formation of economic mechanisms of supply chain management
Authors: Saenko Natalya , Nyanga Gakosso Chancelvie , Mezhlumyan Nelli , Smirnov Artem , Rogulin Rodion 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to substantiate the influence of approaches to the economic mechanisms formation for managing supply chains on export and import volumes as well as local cargo transportation.

Design/methodology/approach
The study outlines that the information technology use, in particular, highly specialized supply chain management (SCM) software, is necessary for the effective functioning of global supply chains (GSCs). For the purposes of the one-factor regression models of the relationship between the signs for the analyzed factors, volume of external cargo transportation, volume of internal cargo transportation and amount of investment in SCM software were built, and the correlation coefficients were also determined. The research was based on data of the Russian Federation, China and Germany.

Findings
According to the results, for local cargo transportation for all three counties (Russian Federation: R² = 0.3679, China: R² = 0.441, Germany: 0.441), the correlation coefficients indicated no connection between the factors under study, while for external ones, they denoted a strong direct relationship: Russian Federation: R² = 0.906, China: R² = 0.8692, Germany: 0.926. It is statistically confirmed that external transportations are carried out by enterprises involved in GSCs, while the local ones are mainly performed by the domestic market-oriented companies.

Originality/value
The study presents a model for the formation of economic mechanisms of SCM from the perspective of a systemic approach. It allows for structural analysis of the SCM strategy’s impact on the functioning of participants within three management levels (corporate, business and functional). The study contributes to the practical domain of SCM: the results of the study can be applied by top managers of companies in developing SCM strategies, as well as by officials in developing and implementing governmental supply chain-related policies. In terms of scientific contribution, the research can also be of use: its methods and results can be applied by scientists in researching approaches to the economic mechanisms formation for managing supply chains on export and import volumes, as well as local cargo transportation in various countries and regions.
A collaborative approach for national cybersecurity incident management
Authors: Oriola Oluwafemi , Adeyemo Adesesan Barnabas , Papadaki Maria , Kotzé Eduan 
Published: June 2021

PurposeCollaborative-based national cybersecurity incident management benefits from the huge size of incident information, large-scale information security devices and aggregation of security skills. However, no existing collaborative approach has been able to cater for multiple regulators, divergent incident views and incident reputation trust issues that national cybersecurity incident management presents. This paper aims to propose a collaborative approach to handle these issues cost-effectively.Design/methodology/approachA collaborative-based national cybersecurity incident management architecture based on ITU-T X.1056 security incident management framework is proposed. It is composed of the cooperative regulatory unit with cooperative and third-party management strategies and an execution unit, with incident handling and response strategies. Novel collaborative incident prioritization and mitigation planning models that are fit for incident handling in national cybersecurity incident management are proposed.FindingsUse case depicting how the collaborative-based national cybersecurity incident management would function within a typical information and communication technology ecosystem is illustrated. The proposed collaborative approach is evaluated based on the performances of an experimental cyber-incident management system against two multistage attack scenarios. The results show that the proposed approach is more reliable compared to the existing ones based on descriptive statistics.Originality/valueThe approach produces better incident impact scores and rankings than standard tools. The approach reduces the total response costs by 8.33% and false positive rate by 97.20% for the first attack scenario, while it reduces the total response costs by 26.67% and false positive rate by 78.83% for the second attack scenario.
Differing career expectations in the hospitality industry: a cross-cultural study
Authors: Kim Young Hoon , Spears Daniel 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThe primary purpose of this study is to examine hospitality and tourism undergraduate students' attitudes to work and career expectations as they prepare to enter the workforce in the hospitality industry in both the United States and South Korea.Design/methodology/approachThe measurement instrument was developed from previous studies (Chen and Shen, 2012; Kong, 2013) and included questions related to job attitudes, job satisfaction, job motivations, job involvement, and career expectations and aspirations upon graduation. T-tests were conducted first for the mean values of the constructs between the United States and South Korea to ensure the comparison of two different cultural groups.FindingsFirst, students from the United States (US) have more and better work attitude than those students from South Korea. Second, students from South Korea appear to be less motivated to work and less satisfied with their current jobs and earnings than students from the US. Third, the results also have managerial implications for both countries. It is very important to know that higher grade point average is not an answer to find the right person but more likely, positive attitudes to work and higher levels of job involvement are more likely to have higher job expectations and aspirations for employment in the industry.Originality/valueThis study adds to the hospitality literature by examining the different perspectives of hospitality and tourism undergraduate students from the US and South Korea, specifically examining their attitudes toward work, job satisfaction, work involvement and job expectations as they prepare for careers in the industry. The results of this study help stakeholders (i.e. students, educators and practitioners) in the hospitality and tourism industry gain a better understanding of their undergraduate students as they prepare for careers in the industry. In addition, the study contributed to understanding cultural differences present among hospitality and tourism students from individualist and collectivist cultures.
Consumer’s preferences among low-calorie food alternatives in casual dining restaurants
Authors: Sun Xiaodi , Almanza Barbara , Behnke Carl , Ghiselli Richard , Byrd Karen 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThis study aims to examine consumers’ preferences among four calorie-reducing approaches – resizing, reformulation, substitution and elimination – and to understand what motivates consumers to order low-calorie food using the theory of planned behavior (TPB) as a model.Design/methodology/approachA conceptual model was developed based on the TPB with an additional construct of food choice motives. A total of 467 responses were collected. Descriptive statistics, multiple regression and ANOVA were used in the data analysis.FindingsConsumers have a clear preference for substitution and elimination. The pattern that ingredients with higher calories were modified at a higher priority indicated that consumers might improve food decisions based on calorie information.Practical implicationsRestaurants should allow substitution or elimination of certain ingredients from menu items. Including more low-calorie sides will cost restaurants less than changing the main dish. A menu item on an entrée form is more amenable to modification for decreased calorie content as consumers have high taste expectations for popular traditional foods (e.g. burgers and pizza).Originality/valueThis is the first study to investigate consumers’ preferences among the four popular calorie-reducing approaches. A novel “Build Your Own Meal” approach was used in the questionnaire to allow the participants to choose from more than 150 ingredients, which compensated for personal preferences, thus mitigating possible limitations associated with studies of this kind, and was a good indicator of the participants’ actual ordering behavior.
Analysis of agricultural sector productivity improvement strategies through cooperative institutions
Authors: S. Purbayu BudI , Roessali Wiludjeng , R. Tri Wahyu , Darwanto Darwanto , Hendarto Mulyo 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThis study aims to analyze the productivity improvement strategies of the agricultural sector based on the problems faced by the agricultural sector in Central Java, Indonesia.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis is done through interviews, literature studies and analytical hierarchy process data processing aids.FindingsThe results show that the strategy for developing the agricultural sector in Central Java needs to be focused on institutional factors to organize the field agricultural sector institutions. The ideal institution for the development of the agricultural sector in Central Java is cooperatives that can be accompanied by the Islamic Microfinance Institutions (LKMS).Originality/valueThis paper will contribute new knowledge specifically about the productivity improvement strategy through the cooperative institution.
Lubricated friction behaviour of thermal spray steel coated cylinder bores studied using a long-stroke reciprocating tribometer
Authors: Lou Ming , T. Alpas Ahmet 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to study the effectiveness of using thermal spray (TS) coated bores in reducing friction under the mixed lubrication (ML) and elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) regimes.

Design/methodology/approach
A reciprocating tribometer with a stroke length of 100 mm, was built to measure the coefficient of friction (COF) at the mid-stroke and ring reversal positions and to conduct sliding tests at a speed range of 0.31–3.14 m/s. Samples taken from fine-honed TS coated bores and also from cast iron (CI) liners that underwent a standard-honing process were tested against ring segments coated with chromium nitride (CrN) and diamond-like carbon.

Findings
Construction of Stribeck curves demonstrated that TS coatings showed a transition from ML to EHL at a lower speed (0.94 m/s) compared with CI (1.26 m/s) regardless of the counterfaces used. Lower COFs of 0.05–0.08 in ML was measured for TS coatings compared with those of 0.06–0.09 for CI in ML. Once EHL was reached, the COF of TS coatings decreased to 0.02–0.03 similar to those of CI. Examination of wear patterns suggested that the low roughness combined with high oil retention capability might be responsible for the reduced transition speed and the expanded EHL region for the TS coated surfaces.

Originality/value
With the EHL friction captured in a bidirectional sliding mode using a long-stroke tribometer, this work contributes to the understanding of the low-friction behaviour of TS coatings.
Supply chain quality management for product innovation performance: insights from small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises
Authors: Lee Voon-Hsien , Foo Pik-Yin , Tan Garry Wei-Han , Ooi Keng-Boon , Sohal Amrik 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThis research aims to examine the relationships between supply chain quality management (SCQM), organizational learning capability (OLC) and product innovation performance (PIP) among small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises (SMMEs) in Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachThis is a quantitative study in which 163 valid responses were empirically collected from SMMEs in Malaysia via self-administered structured questionnaires.FindingsPerforming a partial least squares–structural equation modelling analysis, the findings revealed that the relationships between SCQM, OLC and PIP are positive and significant. Moreover, OLC partially mediates the relationship between SCQM and product innovation. Serving as a practical guideline, the results of this study stress the fact that managers of SMMEs need to look into the role-specific context of the firm before determining which practices would be effective for their companies.Originality/valueThe value-added additional testing of the mediating effect of OLC is the highlight of this study. This research represents another leap towards redefining and advancing SCQM, especially for SMMEs in the Asian context.