bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Helical Self-Organizations and Emerging Functions in Architectures, Biological and Synthetic Macromolecules
Authors: Percec Virgil , Xiao Qi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Helical architectures including artwork and monuments, such us the Trajan’s column from Rome, were constructed as early as in the year 113 while the assemblies and the self-organizations of biological and synthetic macromolecules, only started to be discovered, elucidated and respectively designed during the early 1950s. This personalized account will first provide a historical journey starting from the Trajan’s column, that represents a classic mesoscopic helical architecture, to nanoscale biological macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and to supramolecular helical co-assemblies of proteins with nucleic acids, such as tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). It will continue with examples of synthetic helical covalent and supramolecular macromolecules. Their emerging functions ranging from mesoscopic scale to nanoscale and the current limitations of synthetic helical self-organizations will be discussed with selected examples mostly from the laboratory of the corresponding author.
Gender is a determinant of carotid artery stiffness independent of age and blood pressure
Authors: Wang Zhenzhen , Li Wei , Liu Wei , Tian Jiawei 
Published: January 2021

Objective:
To identify the gender-specific differences in carotid artery structural and stiffening parameters by radiofrequency ultrasound (RFU) with an automatic arterial stiffness analyzing system.

Methods:
Seventy-two consecutive individuals (32 males and 40 females, age range from 36 to 62 years) with no history of significant cardiovascular diseases or carotid artery plaques were enrolled between September and December 2017. Quality intima-media thickness (QIMT) and quality arterial stiffness (QAS) parameters were automatically computed, including pulse wave velocity (PWV), vascular distension, compliance coefficient (CC), distensibility coefficient (DC), stiffness index α and β, augmentation pressure (AP), and augmentation index (AIx). Those parameters were compared between males and females. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to assess the independent association between gender and RFU parameters.

Results:
The mean age had no difference between males and females (47.8 ± 3.3 vs 50.0 ± 8.5 years, p = 0.19). Females had higher systolic blood pressure (134.53 ± 9.65 vs 127.78 ± 6.12 mm Hg) and diastolic blood pressure (85.83 ± 3.94 vs 78.03 ± 5.22 mm Hg), greater carotid QIMT (598.73 ± 72.16 vs 550.84 ± 29.37 µm), advanced PWV (8.08 ± 1.60 vs 6.24 ± 0.70 m/s), higher stiffness index α (6.21 ± 1.94 vs 3.95 ± 0.78) and β (9.43 ± 3.17 vs 6.38 ± 0.78), higher AP (6.68 ± 2.24 vs 3.64 ± 1.22 mm Hg) and AIx (7.42 ± 2.08 vs 4.69 ± 1.26%), all p &lt; 0.001. Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated gender was independently associated with carotid structural and elastic parameters.

Conclusion:
Gender independently impacts carotid structure and function, with females more vulnerable to the progression of arterial aging. Awareness of the gender differences on the risk stratification of carotid artery disease will benefit reliable assessments and specific management recommendations in clinical practice.

Advances in knowledge:
(1) RFU provides an μm-unit quality IMT measurement and multiple quality arterial stiffness parameters. (2) Gender is an independent determinant in both the arterial structural and elastic aspects, with females of stiffer arteries in low CVD risk individuals.
Poisson distribution series on a general class of analytic functions
Authors: Frasin Basem A. 
Published: January 2021

The main object of this paper is to find necessary and sufficient conditions for the Poisson distribution series to be in a general class of analytic functions with negative coefficients. Further, we consider an integral operator related to the Poisson distribution series to be in this class. A number of known or new results are shown to follow upon specializing the parameters involved in our main results.
When the annihilator graph of a commutative ring is planar or toroidal?
Authors: Bakhtyiari Moharram , Nikandish Reza , Nikmehr Mohammad Javad 
Published: January 2021

Let R be a commutative ring with identity, and let Z(R) be the set of zero-divisors of R. The annihilator graph of R is defined as the undirected graph AG(R) with the vertex set Z(R)* = Z(R) \ {0}, and two distinct vertices x and y are adjacent if and only if ann_R(xy) \neq ann_R(x) \cup ann_R(y). In this paper, all rings whose annihilator graphs can be embedded on the plane or torus are classified.
Rozwój innowacyjności w Rosji w XXI w.: zadania i perspektywy
Authors: Kirsanowa Jekatierina 
Published: January 2021

Innovative development of Russia in 21st century: tasks and perspectives
The article examines the features of innovative development of Russia in the XXI century. It identifies a number of factors that influence the braking of the innovation process. For the 90s of XX century the most important obstacles to innovation are, first of all, legal, technological and economic. Contemporary osbtalces are dominated by economic and technological factors. The author concludes that the issues that Russia faces today can be divided into two parts: the first set of problems is determined by the international situation, the second set is determined by trends of domestic development and is directly linked to the first one.
Stosunek mieszkańców stolicy do ekologicznej polityki władz Moskwy
Authors: Butyrin Grigorij 
Published: January 2021

Citizens’ attitude towards ecological policy of Moscow Municipal Government
The paper sums up results of research concerning public opinion of the citizens of Moscow on ecological policy of Moscow Municipal Government. Revealing opinions about nature of conservation measures efficacy and defining Moscow’s citizens readiness to participate in priority driven programmes of city ecological policy implementation are the main purposes of the survey.
Podstawowe sprzeczności w rosyjsko‑indyjskich relacjach i zmiana wektora polityki zagranicznej Federacji Rosyjskiej w ramach trójkąta Rosja–Chiny–Indie
Authors: Lichaczew Kiriłł 
Published: January 2021

The Pivotal Collisions of Russia‑India Relations and the Changing Vector of Russian Policy within the RIC Triangle
This article deals with contemporary Russia‑India collisions in the field of arms trade and nuclear energy sector. The author researches principal reasons of existing problems and analyses its influence on bilateral dialogue and Russian policy within the RIC Triangle and shaping of BRICS. He concludes that Russia is going to change its traditional focus on India in favor of deepening relations with China.
Przegląd współczesnych form współpracy polsko‑rosyjskiej w sferze nauki, kultury i edukacji
Authors: Kędziora Swietłana 
Published: January 2021

Review of forms of Polish‑Russian cooperation in the field of science, culture and education
This article is devoted to the work of organizations of Polish‑Russian cooperation in science, culture and education. The author describes the main state institutions (Academies of Sciences of Russia and Poland, the Polish‑Russian Group for Difficult Issues, Foundation „Centre for Russian‑Polish Dialogue and Understanding” in Moscow and the Centre for Polish‑Russian Dialogue and Understanding in Warsaw) and, more broadly discusses the activities of so‑called „third sector”, non‑governmental organizations, bringing out the methods and scope of their work based on the examples of NGO’s (including the Foundation and Association Cultural Community „Borussia” and the Association of Cooperation „Poland‑East”). Form of activity of these organizations in the sphere of Russian‑Polish relations often differs from those conducted by state institutions. Projects organized by NGO’s are more on the regional level and are also characterized by flexibility and mobility. In recent years this sector is rapidly evolving both in Poland and Russia. It plays an increasingly important role in the development of Russian‑Polish cooperation, including scientific, cultural and educational.
Strategic Timing and Dynamic Pricing for Online Resource Allocation
Authors: Abhishek Vibhanshu , Dogan Mustafa , Jacquillat Alexandre 
Published: January 2021

This paper optimizes dynamic pricing and real-time resource allocation policies for a platform facing nontransferable capacity, stochastic demand-capacity imbalances, and strategic customers with heterogenous price and time sensitivities. We characterize the optimal mechanism, which specifies a dynamic menu of prices and allocations. Service timing and pricing are used strategically to: (i) dynamically manage demand-capacity imbalances, and (ii) provide discriminated service levels. The balance between these two objectives depends on customer heterogeneity and customers’ time sensitivities. The optimal policy may feature strategic idlenexss (deliberately rejecting incoming requests for discrimination), late service prioritization (clearing the queue of delayed customers), and deliberate late-service rejection (focusing on incoming demand by rationing capacity for delayed customers). Surprisingly, the price charged to time-sensitive customers is not increasing with demand—high demand may trigger lower prices. By dynamically adjusting a menu of prices and service levels, the optimal mechanism increases profits significantly, as compared with dynamic pricing and static screening benchmarks. We also suggest a less information-intensive mechanism that is history-independent but fine-tunes the menu with incoming demand; this easier-to-implement mechanism yields close-to-optimal outcomes. This paper was accepted by Gabriel Weintraub, revenue management and market analytics.
Aspectos preventivos en migraña y trabajo. Encuesta europea
Authors: Vicente Herrero María Teofila , Ramírez Iñiguez de la Torre Mª Victoria , Reinoso Barbero Luis , Ruiz de la Torre Elena 
Published: January 2021

Introducción: La promoción de la salud en el trabajo integra las iniciativas en salud y seguridad en ámbito ocupacional, con mejoras personales, incremento de productividad y menores riesgos y gastos sociales, especialmente en migraña, como enfermedad neurológica con prevalencia estimada en el 11% de la población. El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer las condiciones preventivas de los trabajadores con migraña y las opciones de gestión preventiva en sus empresas.
Método: Estudio observacional transversal realizado en 3.342 pacientes de España, Italia, Francia, Portugal, Irlanda, Reino Unido, Alemania y otros países de la UE mediante encuesta anónima en la web de la European Migraine & Headache Alliance (EMHA-web), entre septiembre de 2018 y enero de 2019.
Resultados: Estrés laboral y uso de PVD son los riesgos más referidos por los trabajadores con migraña. El 43.71% de trabajadores desconoce el tipo de Servicio de Prevención de su empresa, 49.06% no dispone de servicio médico; el 67.67% no ha tenido impedimentos de acceso laboral por migraña, ni despido o no renovación del contrato, pero el 42,14% tuvo algún conflicto por pérdida de productividad; el 26,54% desconoce el concepto de especial sensibilidad o no lo ha solicitado por migraña; un 55,42% no se ha sentido comprendido ni apoyado por su empresa en sus limitaciones por migraña, pero sí por los compañeros.
Conclusión: Se observa una deficiente información preventiva y escaso uso de las opciones de gestión adaptativa en las empresas para personas con migraña.
Análisis de la Frecuencia Cardiaca relacionada con las variables de altura y frecuencia en el Levantamiento de cargas
Authors: Saavedra-Robinson Luis A. , Paredes-Astudillo Yenny A. , Quintana Leonardo 
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: Analizar los efectos de las variables altura vertical y la frecuencia de levantamiento sobre la frecuencia cardiaca en trabajadores en la tarea de levantamiento de cargas.
Método: Diseño experimental factorial con bloques, considerando como variables independientes la altura vertical y la frecuencia de levantamiento y la dependiente la frecuencia cardiaca. El experimento se desarrolló con 20 trabajadores entre 18 y 40 años con al menos seis meses de experiencia en tareas de almacén y empaque en una empresa de productos lácteos. Se calculó el coeficiente FRIMAT para determinar la carga fisiológica de la tarea.
Resultados: Existe un efecto significativo sobre la respuesta de la frecuencia cardiaca debido a la interacción de la frecuencia y la altura vertical del levantamiento. Además, basados en el coeficiente FRIMAT, se obtuvo una calificación de “carga de trabajo mínima” para el 85% de los tratamientos, y en un tratamiento, se presentó una calificación de “algo difícil”.
Conclusiones: La altura y frecuencia de levantamiento no actúan de manera independiente y tienen un efecto sobre la carga fisiológica del trabajador en el levantamiento manual de cargas manifestada en la frecuencia cardiaca.
Programas de eliminación del Amianto. Lecciones desde Polonia
Authors: García López Vega 
Published: January 2021

La exposición laboral se ha controlado a partir de la Directiva de 2009 y, en la actualidad, mediante vigilancia epidemiológica, se registran las patologías, mesoteliomas fundamentalmente, por exposiciones pasadas.
Después de prohibida su utilización, aún permanecen cantidades ingentes en edificios, infraestructuras y vehículos, entre otros.
Con el objetivo de conocer las dificultades de estos planes se ha revisado el de Polonia, único país que hasta la fecha, ha implementado un plan de acción con un gran respaldo financiero y las actuaciones llevadas a cabo en relación con la exposición a amianto en España y, Navarra en concreto por contar con un registro exhaustivo de trabajadores expuestos.
El enorme esfuerzo económico que precisan estos planes y los riesgos medioambientales que suponen, merecen una precisa planificación, que exige conocer el no alcance hasta la fecha actual de los objetivos planteados en Polonia, país referente.
A Practice-based Evaluation of a Novel Resin Luting Material and Dentine Bonding Agent
Authors: Sands Peter , Crisp Russell J , Thompson Owen , Burke FJ Trevor 
Published: January 2021

This study evaluated the handling of a recently introduced resin luting material and its associated universal bonding agent by a group of practice-based researchers. Eleven evaluators from the practice-based research group, the PREP Panel, were sent explanatory letters and a pack of the materials under investigation, with a request to use them, where indicated, for 10 weeks and then to complete a questionnaire designed to elicit the evaluators' views on the handling of the materials. In total, 217 restorations were placed: the results from the questionnaire indicated strong acceptance of the ease of use of the materials. The novel cement delivery system was found to reduce waste, the cement was of ideal viscosity, and the design of the mixing tips and easier clean up were particularly noteworthy. The investigators also appreciated that the same cement can cover adhesive and self-adhesive indications. Some clinical cases of different indications were documented and selected illustrations are presented. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The luting system which was evaluated was found to be easy to use, with reduced waste of material.
Significance of the Coronal Pulp Chamber Floor Anatomy in the Human Dentition: A Narrative Review
Authors: Pawar Ajinkya M , Singh Shishir 
Published: January 2021

In root canal treatment, the foundation on which all surgical procedures are performed is a thorough knowledge of the anatomy of the pulp chamber and the root canal system. The endodontic triad comprises biomechanical preparation, microbial control and complete obturation of the root canal space. Knowledge of the pulp chamber floor anatomy is important in locating the numbers and orifices of root canals present within the tooth being root canal treated. This is particularly important while treating teeth that are heavily restored, mal-positioned, or calcified. The current review attempts to explain the complex anatomy of the pulp chamber floor and its significance in root canal treatment.CPD/Clinical Relevance: To allow the location of all root canal orifices in the pulp chamber and to perform successful root canal treatment, knowledge of pulp chamber floor anatomy is essential. The clinician should consider that, as the external morphology of the tooth varies in individuals, so does the internal morphology.
Individually Formed Glass Fibre Reinforced Composite Posts for Compromised Teeth with Oval and Flared Endodontic Canals
Authors: AL-Oulabi Ayman , Beh Yew Hin , Ariffin Zaihan , Johari Yanti 
Published: January 2021

Potential excessive removal of tooth structure during retreatment, and canal preparation for a post will weaken the tooth substantially. An alternative to prefabricated or cast metal and fibre posts, is a soft and flexible fibre-reinforced composite post that can be used to aid a good adaptation and preserve the tooth structure. These two case reports highlight the use of fibre-reinforced composite posts in teeth with severe loss of tooth structure with wide flared and oval canals. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Case selection and proper treatment planning are important before considering and selecting any type of post placement.
Antibiofilm efficacy of focused high-energy extracorporeal shockwaves and antibiotics in vitro
Authors: Milstrey Alexander , Rosslenbroich Steffen , Everding Jens , Raschke Michael J. , Richards Robert Geoff , Moriarty Thomas Fintan , Puetzler Jan 
Published: January 2021

Aims Biofilm formation is one of the primary reasons for the difficulty in treating implant-related infections (IRIs). Focused high-energy extracorporeal shockwave therapy (fhESWT), which is a treatment modality for fracture nonunions, has been shown to have a direct antibacterial effect on planktonic bacteria. The goal of the present study was to investigate the effect of fhESWT on Staphylococcus aureus biofilms in vitro in the presence and absence of antibiotic agents. Methods S. aureus biofilms were grown on titanium discs (13 mm × 4 mm) in a bioreactor for 48 hours. Shockwaves were applied with either 250, 500, or 1,000 impulses onto the discs surrounded by either phosphate-buffered saline or antibiotic (rifampin alone or in combination with nafcillin). The number of viable bacteria was determined by quantitative culture after sonication. Representative samples were taken for scanning electron microscopy. Results The application of fhESWT led to a ten-fold reduction in bacterial counts on the metal discs for all impulse numbers compared to the control (p < 0.001). Increasing the number of impulses did not further reduce bacterial counts in the absence of antibiotics (all p > 0.289). Antibiotics alone reduced the number of bacteria on the discs; however, the combined application of the fhESWT and antibiotic administration further reduced the bacterial count compared to the antibiotic treatment only (p = 0.032). Conclusion The use of fhESWT significantly reduced the colony-forming unit (CFU) count of a S. aureus biofilm in our model independently, and in combination with antibiotics. Therefore, the supplementary application of fhESWT could be a helpful tool in the treatment of IFIs in certain cases, including infected nonunions. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(1):77–84.
Effects of Plate Structure and Nozzle Diameter on Hydraulic Performance of Fixed Spray Plate Sprinklers at Low Working Pressures
Authors: Chen Rui , Li Hong , Wang Jian , Chen Chao 
Published: January 2021

HighlightsThe hydraulic performance of fixed spray plate sprinklers (FSPS) was evaluated at low working pressures.The effects of geometric structure on the hydraulic performance of FSPS were studied.A model was developed for estimating the application depth and uniformity of FSPS under a linear-move system.The recommended values of the most effective sprinkler combination spacing for FSPS are given.Abstract. Reducing the working pressure of sprinklers can effectively reduce the energy consumption of sprinkler irrigation systems. Fixed spray plate sprinklers (FSPS) have a simple structure, and their working pressure has potential to be reduced to 40 kPa. To evaluate the hydraulic performance of FSPS at low pressure, an experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of working pressure, plate structure, and nozzle diameter on sprinkler flow rate, wetted radius, and water application distribution. Two plates (FSPSB and FSPSY) and five nozzles were used in the tests. The cumulative water application depth and irrigation uniformity coefficient were calculated under a linear-move system. The results show that sprinklers with larger nozzle diameters and higher working pressures produce greater coefficients of discharge. The wetted radius gradually increases with the increase in working pressure and nozzle diameter. Two empirical equations for estimating the wetted radius of the two plates are proposed. The FSPSB has a concave trajectory structure that produces a longer wetted radius than the FSPSY, which has a flat trajectory structure. Along the wetted radius, the water application rate increases and then decreases, with a peak value at a certain distance. For the FSPSB, the peak rate of water application decreases with increasing working pressure. However, the FSPSY shows the opposite trend, with the maximum peak value occurring at the highest working pressure of 250 kPa. The water distribution for a single FSPSB sprinkler is discrete due to the greater water dispersal caused by the deeper grooves in the plate. In contrast, a single FSPSY sprinkler provides a more uniform water distribution. The irrigation uniformity of the FSPSY is higher than that of the FSPSB. The recommended values for the most effective sprinkler combination spacings for FSPSB and FSPSY are given in this article. The results may be useful for selecting appropriate sprinklers in hydraulic design procedures. Keywords: Cumulative spray water depth, Irrigation uniformity, Sprinkler irrigation, Water distribution, Working condition.
Choosing an optimal wavelength to detect brain activity in functional near-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Cheng Xiaojun , Sie Edbert J. , Boas David A. , Marsili Francesco 
Published: January 2021

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) measures human brain function noninvasively. The optical response to oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin concentration variations during brain activation is wavelength dependent because of the differing spectral shapes of the extinction coefficients of the two hemoglobin species. Choosing the optimal wavelength in fNIRS measurements is crucial to improving the performance of the technique. Here we report on a framework to estimate the spectral response to neural activation in a pre-defined local region. We found that the wavelength that exhibits the largest fractional change in the detected fluence with respect to the baseline value is around 830 nm.