bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement of Algorithm for Formation of Orthogonal Components of Input Quantities in Microprocessor Protection
Authors: Romaniuk F. A. , Rumiantsev Yu. V. , Rumiantsev V. Yu. , Novash I. V. 
Published: April 2021

The use of orthogonal components (OC) underlies the construction of measuring elements of modern protection and automation devices. In most microprocessor-based protections, the orthogonal component of the input signal is extracted using a discrete Fourier transform (DFT). The DFT disadvantages are its low speed, which is more than one period of the fundamental frequency, as well as the sensitivity to the free aperiodic component, which creates significant conversion errors depending on the time constant of its decay. Such a settling time of the true output signal is often unacceptable for the design of high-speed measuring devices. The paper proposes to form the OC of the equivalent signal according to the values of the cosine and sine OC of the fundamental harmonic, formed using the DFT by multiplying them by the resulting correction factor. The developed algorithm for the formation of orthogonal components of input signals in microprocessor protections is characterized by high speed in transient modes and it has wide functionality. So, the proposed digital device for forming the orthogonal components of an equivalent signal, in comparison with digital filter based on the DFT, has an increased operating speed both in the mode of occurrence of a short circuit and during the decay of the monitored signal, while maintaining the same characteristics as in the DFT in other modes. A block diagram of the proposed digital device for forming the OC of an equivalent signal has been developed, all blocks of which can be implemented on a microelectronic and microprocessor element base. A digital model of the specified device has been developed in the dynamic modeling system MatLab-Simulink in accordance with the structural diagram. As a result of the calculations, a significant (up to two times) increase in the performance of the proposed digital device for forming the OC in transient modes has been established in comparison with the shapers based on the DFT.
Blending Control of Trolleybus Traction and Brake Drives to Enhance Braking Efficiency of Vehicle
Authors: Safonau A. I. 
Published: April 2021

The widespread use of green public transport is a priority strategy to reduce a congestion and pollution from road traffic in many cities. The trolleybus is a type of urban public electric transport, which is considered as a promising tool for increasing the efficiency of public transport and achieving the goals of sustainable development and quality of life in the city. The operation control of service brake system and secondary brake system (braking torque of traction electric motor) is realized with the help of one pedal in the trolleybus. Thus, there are modes of joint operation for these systems during the braking process. The author has focused his main attention on the development of an algorithm for blending control of the traction electric motor and the anti-lock braking system to enhance the overall braking efficiency of a vehicle. For this purpose, a mathematical model of the trolleybus braking dynamics has been developed. Bench and road tests have been carried out on various road surfaces to determine parameters of vehicle braking efficiency and to validate the developed mathematical model. The corresponding experimental data were used to analyse the efficiency of the proposed strategy for combining the blending control of traction electric motor and anti-lock braking system of the trolleybus. As a result, the efficiency of the proposed control algorithm has been confirmed, which provides the required braking efficiency and high braking stability of the vehicle.
Spectrum Analysis of Signal in Wolfram Mathematica System
Authors: Hundzina M. A. 
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this paper is a spectrum analysis of signals of various nature, construction of the signal scalogram using Morlet wavelet, modification of the scalogram to obtain a more informative graphic representation of the signal. Spectral analysis of the signal is constructed by means of the Fourier transform. A modification of the graphical representation of the result of the wavelet transform has been developed with the help of the Mathematica system. For this, a wavelet scalogram has been used as a two-dimensional representation of the original signal. A scale has been introduced on it for the value of the signal amplitude depending on the time and period of its constituent components. This graphical representation allows us to obtain additional information about the dynamic properties of the original signal. A modification of the representation of the original signal scalogram has been developed for a more complete spectrum analysis (determination of the period of the constituent components). The paper contains an example using a modified scalogram for the analysis of a signal containing two pulses, an audio signal and white noise. The basic wavelet in this case is the Morlet wavelet. A comparison of the scalogram, obtained using the built-in function, and the modified scalogram has been made in the paper. The disadvantage of the first scalogram is the impossibility of assessing the frequency of the signal; its advantage is the ability to assess the localization of the pulse. For a modified scalogram, the advantage is the estimation of the signal periodicity, and the disadvantage is the inaccuracy in determining the range of pulse localization. For spectrum analysis in Mathematica, it is recommended to use a combination of two approaches (using a standard built-in function to determine the localization of the pulse) and a modified scalogram (to determine the periods of the constituent components).
Coccydynia – the efficacy of available treatment options: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Jensen Mads Moss , Andersen Gustav Østerheden , Milosevic Stefan , Andersen Mikkel Østerheden , Carreon Leah , Simony Ane , Rasmussen Mikkel Mylius 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background context: Coccydynia is a painful condition which may severely impair quality of life in affected patients. Treatment of coccydynia is a field of interest with limited knowledge. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of current available treatments for coccydynia in adults, by systematically reviewing existing original peer-reviewed publications according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines.Methods/design: A systematic literature search will be conducted in EMBASE.com, PubMed.com, Scopus and Web of Science bibliographic databases from their inception to January 17th, 2020, alongside a search for published studies and Epubs ahead of print in journals with relevance to spine surgery. Studies eligible for inclusion are original peer-reviewed papers addressing treatment of chronic coccydynia in adults. The articles will be screened by two authors independently, involving a third author in case of disagreement. Quality assessment and data extraction will be conducted using Covidence software. A meta-analysis will be conducted given that data is suitable.Discussion: This systematic review and meta-analysis may contribute to the existing knowledge on the efficacy of treatment options for coccydynia.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO submission-ID: 166379
An initial survey on the prevalence of group B Streptococcus (GBS) among Yemeni pregnant women.
Authors: AL-Subol Ibrahim Hasan , Abdul-Aziz Maha , Almikhlafy Abdullah A. , Alqahtani Talal Y 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Neonatal infection with group B Streptococcus (GBS) is still a threat to the life of fetus and mother, especially in developing countries that do not adopt a prenatal screening test policy such as Yemen. Objective: This study aimed to determine the vaginal colonization rates and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of group B Streptococcus among pregnant Yemeni women. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study over a four-month period involved 210 pregnant women who visited Gaza medical center (a primary health center in Sana’a city, Yemen) at the 35th to 39th gestational weeks. A vaginal swab from each pregnant woman was inoculated in Todd-Hewitt enrichment broth and after 24h incubation; the subculture on a 5% human blood agar plate was performed from inoculated Todd-Hewitt enrichment broth. All positive cultures identified as group B streptococcus were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility test using the disk-diffusion method. Results: Out of 210 recruited pregnant women, 23 (10.95%) were GBS vaginal carriers. All isolates showed no resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, levofloxacin, cefotaxime, and vancomycin. However, we observed decreased sensitivity to clindamycin (82.8%) and tetracycline (30.5%). Conclusion: Based on the study results; approximately eleven out of every 100 pregnant women were vaginal colonized by GBS in Sana'a governorate. Beta-lactam antibiotics remain the drug of choice for treatment and prophylaxis of GBS infections. Therefore, we recommend implementing a screening policy to detect GBS in Yemeni pregnant women.
Exploration of Prognostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in The Microenvironment of Bladder Cancer Based on CXC Chemokines
Authors: Sun Xiaoqi , Chen Qunxi , Zhang Lihong , Chen Jiewei , Zhang Xinke 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Bladder cancer (BLCA) has a high rate of morbidity and mortality, and is considered as one of the most malignant tumors of the urinary system. Tumor cells interact with surrounding interstitial cells, playing a key role in carcinogenesis and progression, which is partly mediated by chemokines. CXC chemokines exert anti‑tumor biological roles in the tumor microenvironment and affect patient prognosis. Nevertheless, their expression and prognostic values patients with BLCA remain unclear. We used online tools, including Oncomine, UALCAN, GEPIA, GEO databases, cBioPortal, GeneMANIA, DAVID 6.8, Metascape, TRUST (version 2.0), LinkedOmics, TCGA, and TIMER2.0 to perform the relevant analysis. The mRNA levels of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)1, CXCL5, CXCL6, CXCL7, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL13, CXCL16, and CXCL17 were increased significantly increased, and those of CXCL2, CXCL3, and CXCL12 were decreased significantly in BLCA tissues as assessed using the Oncomine, TCGA, and GEO databases. GEO showed that high levels of CXCL1, CXCL6, CXCL10, CXCL11, and CXCL13 mRNA expression are associated significantly with the poor overall survival (all p < 0.05), and similarly, those of CXCL2 and CXCL12 in the TCGA database (p < 0.05). The predominant signaling pathways involving the differentially expressed CXC chemokines are cell cycle, chemokine, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. Moreover, transcription factors such as Sp1 transcription factor (SP1), nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 (NFKB1), and RELA proto-oncogene, NF-KB subunit (RELA) were likely play critical roles in regulating CXC chemokine expression. LYN proto-oncogene, src family tyrosine kinase (LYN) and LCK proto-oncogene, src family tyrosine kinase (LCK) were identified as the key targets of these CXC chemokines. MicroRNAs miR200 and miR30 were identified as the main microRNAs that interact with several CXC chemokines through an miRNA-target network. The expression of these chemokines is closely associated with the inﬁltration of six categories of immune cells. We explored the CXC chemokines superfamily-based biomarkers associated with BLCA prognosis using public databases, and provided possible chemokine targets for patients with BLCA.
The Impact of Climate Change on Hydro-meteorological Droughts Using Copula Functions
Authors: Fahimirad Zahra , Shahkarami Nazanin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Climate change has made many alterations to the Earth's climate, including hydro-climatic extreme events. For investigating the effect of climate change on hydro-meteorological droughts in the Kamal-Saleh dam basin in Markazi province, Iran, a new and comprehensive index was developed for accurate estimation of drought in a more realistic condition, for future climate conditions. This aggregate drought index (ADI) represents the main characteristics of meteorological and hydrological drought. Temperature and precipitation projections for future climates were simulated by five CMIP5 models and downscaled over the study area for the periods of 2050s (2040-2069) and 2080s (2070-2099) relative to the baseline period (1976-2005). By fitting five univariate distribution functions on drought severity and duration, proper marginal distributions were selected. The joint distribution of drought severity and duration was chosen from five types of copula functions. The results revealed that severe droughts are expected to occur frequently in a shorter period in the future.
Detection of aberrantly methylated tumor suppressor genes in breast cancer patients as a potential diagnostic biomarker
Authors: Yang Dejuan , Wu Yue , Xiang Qin , Zhou Dishu , Qiu Zhu , Yin Xuedong , Zeng Beilei , Tang Jun , Luo Xinrong , Peng Weiyan , Ren Guosheng , Xiang Tingxiu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Aberrant methylation of tumor suppressor genes is a common feature of breast cancer. Identifying a panel of methylated genes that are sensitive and specific for breast cancer could help to diagnose and predict prognosis of breast cancer.Methods: We determined the methylation status of DACT1, PAX5, PLCD1, ZNF545 and TET1 in 32 benign controls, 237 cancer tissue samples and 33 paired plasma samples.Results: PAX5 and PLCD1 showed exceedingly high methylation rates with percentages of 69.2% and 54.9%, whereas the methylation percentage of DACT1, ZNF545 and TET1 were 33.8%, 28.7% and 18.2% in cancer samples, respectively. A better survival of patients with ZNF545 methylation (p = 0.0350) was detected. Correlation of promoter methylation and clinicopathological features in 32 individuals with benign disease and 237 cancer patients demonstrated that methylated status of DACT1 (p=0.012), PLCD1 (p=0.013), and ZNF545 (p=0.012) had significant difference in age, and the methylation of PAX5 (p=0.006) was correlated with absence of hormone receptors, which implied an adverse outcome. PAX5 and PLCD1 both had high sensitivity (69.20% and 54.85%, respectively) and high specificity (87.50% and 100.00%, respectively). Patients with methylation of PAX5 likely to have a higher risk of breast cancer (OR=15.726, 95% CI=5.323-46.463, p<0.001), and statistical analysis of public online database showed the similar results. Conclusion: PAX5, PLCD1, ZNF545 and TET1 may serve as new potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for breast cancer.
Prolonged High Dose Esomeprazole for the Treatment of Chronic Cough in an Israeli Adult Population – An Open Label Study
Authors: Dickman Ram , Boltin Doron , Gingold-Belfer Rachel , Vaisbuch Yona , Nachalon Yuval , Ritter Amit , Shvero Jacob , Bshara Amani , Alkan Uri 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

Chronic cough is considered to be part of the gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) spectrum. However, the response rate to standard dose proton pump inhibitors (PPI's) is poor. Our aim was to evaluate the response rate of chronic cough to an extended course of high dose PPI's and to identify predictors of treatment response.
Methods

This prospective study included adult nonsmoking patients with chronic cough, normal spirometry, normal upper endoscopy and with no evidence of postnasal drip (PND). Treatment consisted of high dose PPI's (esomeprazole, 40mg b.i.d.) for 4 months. Primary end point was the reduction of the Reflux Symptoms Index (RSI), Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ) and the Reflux Findings Score (RFS) by more than 50% at 4 months from baseline.
Results

Forty-one patients (39% female; mean age 55.9 ± 15.19 years) were enrolled, most of them with mean cough duration of more than 1 year. The primary end point was achieved in 39% of patients. Predictors of response included higher educational level (p = 0.035), hyperemia of the arytenoids and the postcricoid area (p = 0.026), and hoarseness (p < 0.01). No difference was found in the frequency of heartburn and regurgitation between responders and nonresponders. More complaints of difficulty in swallowing were reported by nonresponders (p < 0.01).
Conclusion

A therapeutic benefit of high dose PPI's for chronic cough cannot be dismissed, especially in patients with hoarseness, and arytenoid or postcricoid hyperemia. Prolonged high dose therapy may be warranted.
Transcriptional Activity of Aerobic and Anaerobic Ammonia-Oxidizing community in the Intertidal Sponge Cinachyrella Australiensis, Ambient Seawater, and Sediment
Authors: Feng Guofang , Li Shaofeng , Zhang Lijuan , Tao Huchun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Microbial ammonia oxidation plays a central role in nitrogen cycling. Hitherto, four types of autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms are identified, including aerobic ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), aerobic partial-nitrification ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (parAOB), aerobic complete-nitrification AOB (comAOB), and anaerobic AOB (AnAOB). However, revelation and comparison of the active ammonia-oxidizing community in the marine sponges and their ambient environments is scarce. Here, transcribed ammonia oxidation phylomarker gene amoA of AOA, parAOB, and comAOB and hzsB of AnAOB were amplified to investigate the active ammonia-oxidizing populations in a representative marine sponge Cinachyrella australiensis, ambient seawater, and sediment niches. Ammonia-oxidizing population in C. australiensis consists of AOA, parAOB, and AnAOB, significantly different from that in seawaters comprising of AOA and in sediments containing AOA, parAOB, comAOB, and AnAOB. The quantitative assay demonstrates that AOA amoA transcripts are exclusively detectable or higher in abundance than parAOB amoA, comAOB amoA, or AnAOB hzsB transcripts by orders of magnitude in C. australiensis, seawater, and sediment niches. This transcript-based analysis clarifies the remarkable niche differentiation of putatively active ammonia-oxidizing microbiota in C. australiensis and the ambient environments. Such a work further contributes to the understanding of in situ active ecological functions of sponge microsymbionts in nitrogen cycling.
Estimation of the 10-Year Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease and The Framingham Risk Score Among Adults Living with HIV/AIDS in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Hospital-Based, Observational Study.
Authors: Woldu Minyahil , Minzi Omary , Shibeshi Workineh , Shewaamare Aster , Engidawork Ephrem 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

With a much improved ART of the present day, most morbidities and mortalities in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are associated with factors such as non-infectious diseases (NIDs) in the form of coronary heart disease (CHD). This study aimed at determining the prevalence and predictors of coronary heart disease (CHD) using the 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and Framingham risk score (FRS) tools among PLWHA.
Methods

A hospital-based, observational study was carried out from January 2019 to February 2020 in HIV infected adults. Prevalence of FRS (age 20 to 79) was determined using the National, Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) and prevalence of ASCVD (age 40 to 79) was determined using the peer-reviewed online (ClinCalc.com) tool.
Results

Using the 10-years ASCVD risk estimation 27.3% of the study participants had an elevated risk > 7.5 % CHD. Similarly using the 10-year FRS, 1.4 % had high-risk score of developing CHD. Using multiple linear regression analysis age (β = .061, p < .001), gender (β = .816, p < .001), systolic blood pressure (β = .21, p < .001), total cholestrol (β = .002, p = .001), high density lipoprotein (β = − .02, p < .001), and Tobacco use (β = .559, p < .001) had significant contribution to the risk of CHD using the ASCVD tool, while using binary logistic regression for the FRS tool, gender (OR = 26.105, 95% C.I. [6.110, 111,543], p < 0.001), age (OR = 1.293, 95% C.I. [1.181, 1.415], P < 0.001), and low HDL-C (OR = 0.887, 95% C.I. [.786, .979], P = 0.19) had significant contribution.
Conclusions

The prevalence of high-risk CHD among PLWHA using the FRS and ASCVD tools were 1.4 & 27.3 percent respectively. In both the tools advanced age, male gender, and low level HDL were significant contributor for the risk of CHD in PLWHA.
Indirubin suppresses 4T1 murine breast cancer in vitro and in vivo by induction of ferroptosis and up-regulation of Ptgs2
Authors: Kuang Xiuping , Jiang Yingnan , Huang Jiwei , Guo Yongzhi , Li weixi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

Indirubin, isolated from Indigo Naturals, is reported to have the inhibitory activity of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells in vitro. However, studies on its anti-breast cancer activity in vivo and underlying mechanism are insufficient. We explored whether indirubin could trigger ferroptosis of breast cancer cells to exert anti-tumor activity.
Methods

Bioinformatical analysis was performed to detected the expression of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (Ptgs2) in breast cancer tissues Ptgs2-related prognosis for patients with breast cancer. Growth of 4T1 cells was assessed using wound healing assay and MTT assay. The levels of 4-HNE, GPX4, PTGS2 and GSK-3β proteins were detected by Western blot, and the mRNA of Ptgs2 was tested by qPCR. The GSH and MDA were determined by commercial kits. Molecular docking was employed to study interaction between indirubin and GSK-3β. An 4T1 murine breast cancer was adopted to evaluate the in vivo antitumor activity of indirubin.
Results

Indirubin promoted ferroptosis of 4T1 breast cancer cells with deplete of GSH, increased MDA and 4-HNE level, as well as decreased GPX4 expression. Indirubin suppressed the growth of 4T1 breast tumor in vivo. Mechanism study showed indirubin up regulated Ptgs2 expression by promoting phosphorylation (Ser 9) of GSK-3β.
Conclusions

Indirubin suppresses 4T1 murine breast cancer in vitro and in vivo by induction of ferroptosis and up-regulation of Ptgs2.