bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir + Sofosbuvir + Ribavirin als Reserveregime nach Sofosbuvir + Velpatasvir + Voxilaprevir Re-Therapieversagen
Authors: Tergast Tammo L. , Kordecki Nikolaus , Ohlendorf Valerie , Beier Christoph , Sandmann Lisa , Wedemeyer Heiner , Cornberg Markus , Maasoumy Benjamin 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDie antivirale Erstlinientherapie mit direkt antiviral wirkenden Medikamenten (DAA) bei Patienten mit chronischer Hepatitis-C-Virus-Infektion (HCV) führt in >90% der Fälle zu einer Ausheilung der Erkrankung. Selbst nach Versagen der Erstlinientherapie gibt es eine etablierte und gut wirksame Behandlungsoption mit Sofosbuvir + Velpatasvir + Voxilaprevir (SOF/VEL/VOX). Allerdings gibt es einige Patienten, die selbst nach einer zweiten antiviralen Therapie keine Ausheilung erreichen. Oftmals gibt es Faktoren wie das Vorliegen einer Leberzirrhose oder einer Virusvariante, die mit einem Therapieversagen assoziiert sind. Zurzeit empfehlen europäische und amerikanische Leitlinien den Einsatz von SOF in Kombination mit Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir (G/P) + Ribavirin (RBV) als Reservetherapie. Jedoch gibt es derzeit nur unzureichende Evidenz, um die Wirksamkeit bei diesen schwer zu behandelnden Patienten zu bestätigen. Im Folgenden wird über 2 Patienten mit HCV-Infektion (Genotyp 3 mit Y93H-Variante) und Leberzirrhose berichtet, bei denen mit einer Kombination von SOF + G/P ± RBV eine dauerhafte HCV-Ausheilung erzielt werden konnte. Bei einem Patienten lag zum Zeitpunkt des Therapiestarts bereits eine Child-B-Zirrhose vor, es kam zu keinerlei schweren Nebenwirkungen. Diese Daten unterstützen also einen Einsatz von SOF + G/P ± RBV bei Patienten mit Re-Therapieversagen nach SOF/VEL/VOX-Therapie.
Stereoselective Synthesis of (–)-Heliannuol E by α-Selective ­Propargyl Substitution
Authors: Ogawa Narihito , Uematsu Chihiro , Kobayashi Yuichi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper describes a stereoselective synthesis of (–)-heliannuol E through intramolecular cyclization of a phenol mesylate. The introduction of the aromatic group was achieved by α-selective propargyl substitution of a propargylic phosphate.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Coenzyme Q10 in the Management of Chronic Periodontitis: A Clinical Study
Authors: Pandav Gaurav , Pandav Sakshi , Jain Sanjeev , Saxena Divya , Aggarwal Ridhi , Gulati Prerna 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Aim The present study was aimed to clinically evaluate the effectiveness of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in the management of chronic periodontitis.
Materials and Methods A total of 60 patients aged between 30 and 60 years with bleeding on probing and probing pocket depth (PPD) of 3 to 5 mm were selected and divided into three groups, with group I receiving scaling and root planing, group II CoQ10 formulation for 6 weeks, and group III receiving both scaling and root planning, followed by coenzyme Q10 administration for 6 weeks. PPD, relative attachment level (RAL), and gingival index were recorded in all the groups at baseline, 6 weeks, and 3 months, respectively. The data was statistically analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney, and Wilcoxon signed rank tests.
Result Intragroup comparison showed statistically significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) between the clinical parameters of all the groups at all time intervals, whereas intergroup comparison of all the parameters showed high statistically significant difference (p ≤ 0.001) in group III at various time intervals followed by group I and group II.
Conclusion It was concluded from the study that CoQ10 is a useful adjunct in treating chronic periodontitis by boosting the host resistance to periodontal disease.
Effect of Eugenol on Streptococcus mutans Adhesion on NiTi Orthodontic Wires: In Vitro and In Vivo Conditions
Authors: Fatene Nassiba , Mounaji Khadija , Soukri Abdelaziz 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjective The purpose of this study was to compare the antibacterial effect of two types of Eugenol against Streptococcus mutans and then assess the effect of different concentrations of two types of Eugenol on S. mutans adhesion on Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) orthodontic wires in comparison to in vivo wires with fluoride-based hygiene regimen.Materials and Methods Culture of Streptococcus mutans with NiTi orthodontic wires was done. Different media were prepared by adding 100%, 50%, 25%, and 12.5% of two origins of Eugenol (one biological obtained by hydrodistillation of Syzygium aromaticum and one chemical already prepared available in drugstores for dental use (Idental, MOROCCO, lot number: UAN/17–211/1). Three sizes of NiTi wires (0.016 inch, 0.016 × 0.022 inch, 0.017 × 0.025 inch) were retrieved from adult patients undergoing orthodontic treatment after 1 month of setting them up in the mouth. After incubation, colony forming unites were calculated and a SEM analysis was done to the surface of each wire. ANOVA test was done between all groups to find statistical differences and post-hoc t-test with Bonferroni analysis was performed to elucidate differences between all groups with α = 0.05.Results Eugenol has an anti-bacterial effect against S. mutans. The biological Eugenol has greater effect than the chemical one. The same observations were done for anti-adherent effect, the biological Eugenol demonstrated the highest anti-adherent effect at all concentrations while the effect of the chemical Eugenol was the lowest.Conclusions The origin and the extraction mode of Eugenol have a crucial role in its antimicrobial and anti-adherent effect. Eugenol might constitute an alternative to Fluoride because it has an anti-adherent effect, limiting the incidence of white spot lesions.
Modification of Enamel Surface Morphology and Strength Using Nd:YAG Laser with Proper and Safe Parameters
Authors: Alkaisi Amera , Abdo Salma B.A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a Nd:YAG laser on enamel surface morphology and hardness using different energies and pulses.
Materials and Methods Twenty freshly extracted mature teeth were collected and sectioned. An Nd:YAG laser operating at 1,064 nm wavelength and providing up to 9 nanosecond laser pulses (1 J), with a laser spot diameter of 0.8 mm and irradiated surface area of 3 × 3 mm2, was applied to carbon black-coated teeth. The samples were randomly divided into two main groups; each group comprised 20 samples, according to the treatment parameters. The first group was further divided into subgroups A, B1, C1, and D1 using the different energies of 0, 350, 450, and 550 mJ, respectively, with 1 pulse for B1, C1, and D1. The second group was subdivided into A, B2, C2, and D2 and treated with 200 mJ, 3, 4, and 6 pulses for subgroups B2, C2 and D2, respectively. Subgroup A was the same sample for both groups as control with 0 pulses and 0 energy. Morphological features and microhardness were evaluated after laser exposure.
Statistical Analysis Analysis of variance (Kruskal–Wallis test) was used to compare all subgroups, followed by the Scheefy significant difference post hoc test to determine the highest significance of the subgroups. Alpha < 0.05 was set as significant.
Results The changes in the surface morphology of the enamel included increased crystal sizes, cracks, fissures, and voids with increasing energies and pulses. In group 1, the microhardness was 405.6, 562.7, 612, and 637 for energies of 0, 350, 450, and 550 mJ, respectively. In group 2, the microhardness was 405.6, 673, 866, and 1,050 for 0, 3, 4, and 6 pulses, respectively.
Conclusion The Nd:YAG laser is efficient for increasing the microhardness of the enamel surface with minimum morphological damage by applying low energy with more pulses.
Oncologic Head and Neck Reconstructive Microsurgery during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Dharmais Cancer Hospital-National Cancer Center, Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Mukarramah Dewi Aisiyah , Rini Irena Sakura , Sofyan Rian Fabian , Kiat Muhammad Irsyad , Iskandar Iskandar , Ritana Azmi , Brahma Bayu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background Head and neck cancer is one of the leading cancers worldwide. Complex head and neck procedures are potentially aerosol-generating and considered high risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission between the patients, surgeons, and other health-care workers (HCWs). Several adjustments in the microsurgery procedure were needed. The COVID-19 protocol was developed and applied to minimize the COVID-19 transmission. The study objectives were to describe the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative protocols applied and the characteristics of patients who underwent head and neck reconstructive microsurgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in Dharmais Cancer Hospital-National Cancer Center.
Methods This study was a retrospective descriptive study of patients who underwent head and neck reconstructive microsurgery between March 2020 and December 2020 in the plastic surgery department and surgical oncology department, Dharmais Cancer Hospital-National Cancer Center, Jakarta, Indonesia. The patients' characteristics including sex, age, location of the defects, the flap type, flap survival, and complications were obtained from medical records and analyzed using SPSS version 23.
Results There were 55 patients, 30 (54.54%) patients were female, and 25 (45.45%) patients were male. The mean age at the time of surgery was 51.32 ± 1.85 years. The most common cancer type was squamous cell carcinoma for 49.09% (n = 27/55). The most frequent location was tongue for 25.45% (n = 14/55). Anterolateral thigh flap was also the most used flap in this study for 50.91% (n = 14/55). The overall survival rate of this study was 83.64% (n = 46/55). There were nine patients (16.36%) who were found with postoperative complications. There was no nosocomial infection with COVID-19 for patients, surgeons, and other HCWs.
Conclusion Microsurgery can be performed even in the COVID-19 pandemic as the gold standard for oncologic head and neck reconstruction by applying protocols to protect the patients, surgeons, and other HCWs.
A Multistate Decomposition Analysis of Cesarean Rate Variations, Associated Health Outcomes, and Financial Implications in the United States
Authors: Symum Hasan , Zayas-Castro José L. 
Published: October 2021

Objectives Cesarean rates vary widely across the U.S. states; however, little is known about the causes and implications associated with these variations. The objectives of this study were to quantify the contribution of the clinical and nonclinical factors in explaining the difference in cesarean rates across states and to investigate the associated health outcome of cesarean variations.
Study Design Using the Hospital Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases, this retrospective study included all nonfederal hospital births from Wisconsin, Florida, and New York. A nonlinear extension of the Oaxaca–Blinder method was used to decompose the contributions of differences in characteristics to cesarean variations between these states. The risk factors for cesarean delivery were identified using separate multivariable logistic regression analysis for each State.
Results The difference in clinical and nonclinical factors explained a substantial (~46.57–65.45%) proportion of cesarean variations between U.S. states. The major contributors of variation were patient demographics, previous cesareans, hospital markup ratios, and social determinants of health. Cesarean delivery was significantly associated with higher postpartum readmissions and unplanned emergency department visits, greater lengths of stay, and hospital costs across all states.
Conclusion Although a proportion of variations in cesarean rates can be explained by the differences in risk factors, the remaining unexplained variations suggest differences in practice patterns and imply potential quality concerns. Since nonclinical factors are likely to play an important role in cesarean variation, we recommend targeted initiatives increasing access to maternal care and improving maternal health literacy.
Key Points
Mild Hypoxic–Ischemic Encephalopathy: Can Neurophysiological Monitoring Predict Unfavorable Neurological Outcome? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Falsaperla Raffaele , Sciuto Sarah , Gioè Daniela , Sciuto Laura , Pisani Francesco , Pavone Piero , Ruggieri Martino 
Published: October 2021

Objective Hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is the second cause of neonatal deaths and one of the main conditions responsible for long-term neurological disability. Contrary to past belief, children with mild HIE can also experience long-term neurological sequelae. The aim of this systematic review is to determine the predictive value of long-term neurological outcome of (electroencephalogram) EEG/amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) in children who complained mild HIE.
Study Design From a first search on PubMed, Google Scholar, and clinicalTrials.gov databases, only five articles were considered suitable for this study review. A statistical meta-analysis with the evaluation of odds ratio was performed on three of these studies.
Results No correlation was found between the characteristics of the electrical activity of the brain obtained through EEG/aEEG in infants with mild HIE and subsequent neurological involvement.
Conclusion EEG/aEEG monitoring in infants with mild HIE cannot be considered a useful tool in predicting their neurodevelopmental outcome, and its use for this purpose is reported as barely reliable.
Key Points
Change the coefficients of conditional entropies in extensivity
Authors: Takatsu Asuka 
Published: October 2021

The extensivity of a functional on the space of probability measures is interpreted as the property that for any random variables (X, Y) taking finitely many values in N, the difference between the value of the functional at the joint law of (X, Y) and that at the law of X coincides with the linear combinations of the values at the conditional laws of Y, given X = n with coefficients given by the probabilities of each event X = n. We prove the impossibility to replace the coefficients with a non-power function of the probabilities of the events X = n. For a general functional, we estimate the difference between the value at the joint law of (X, Y) and that at the law of X.
Building blocks for autonomous computing materials: Dimers, trimers, and tetramers
Authors: Wei Xingfei , Zhao Yinong , Zhuang Yi , Hernandez Rigoberto 
Published: October 2021

Autonomous computing materials for data storage and computing offer an opportunity for next generation of computing devices. Patchy nanoparticle networks, for example, have been suggested as potential candidates for emulating neuronal networks and performing brain-like computing. Here, we use molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to show that stable dimers, trimers, and tetramers can be built from citrate capped gold nanoparticles (cit-AuNPs) linked by poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) chains. We use different lengths of PAHs to build polymer-networked nanoparticle assemblies that can emulate a complex neuronal network linked by axons of varying lengths. We find that the tetramer structure can accommodate up to 11 different states when the AuNP pairs are connected by either of two polymer linkers, PAH200 and PAH300. We find that the heavy AuNPs contribute to the assembly’s structure stability. To further illustrate the stability, the AuNP–AuNP distances in dimer, trimer, and tetramer structures are reduced by steering the cit-AuNPs closer to each other. At different distances, these steered structures are all locally stable in a 10 ns MD simulation time scale because of their connection to the AuNPs. We also find that the global potential energy minimum is at short AuNP–AuNP distances where AuNPs collapse because the -NH3+ and –COO− attraction reduces the potential energy. The stability and application of these fundamental structures remain to be further improved through the use of alternative polymer linkers and nanoparticles.
The membrane-linked adaptor FRS2β fashions a cytokine-rich inflammatory microenvironment that promotes breast cancer carcinogenesis
Authors: Takeuchi Yasuto , Kimura Natsuko , Murayama Takahiko , Machida Yukino , Iejima Daisuke , Nishimura Tatsunori , Terashima Minoru , Wang Yuming , Li Mengjiao , Sakamoto Reiko , Yamamoto Mizuki , Itano Naoki , Inoue Yusuke , Ito Masataka , Yoshida Nobuaki , Inoue Jun-ichiro , Akashi Koichi , Saya Hideyuki , Fujita Koji , Kuroda Masahiko , Kitabayashi Issay , Voon Dominic , Suzuki Takeshi , Tojo Arinobu , Gotoh Noriko 
Published: October 2021

Significance
Human breast cancer develops after a long period of latency under premalignant conditions. Strategies to target the premalignant conditions have yet to materialize since the molecular mechanisms remain obscure. Here, we discovered that FRS2β, expressed in a subset of mammary epithelial cells, directly activates nuclear factor–κB (NF-κB) and drives the initiation and promotion of the stroma-rich premalignant conditions. The FRS2β-triggered activation of NF-κB takes place in the early endosomes, the organelles, which have not been believed to be a major place for NF-κB signaling. The endosome signaling should be a novel focus for targeting therapy for prevention of breast cancer. This work paves a new way to develop preventive strategies of breast tumor development.
Early warm-season mesoscale convective systems dominate soil moisture–precipitation feedback for summer rainfall in central United States
Authors: Hu Huancui , Leung L. Ruby , Feng Zhe 
Published: October 2021

Significance
Soil moisture can significantly influence precipitation through soil moisture–precipitation feedback. Previous studies of soil moisture–precipitation feedback focused on the total precipitation, confounding the distinct roles of different storm types. Mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) are the largest form of deep convective storms, contributing 30 to 70% of warm-season rainfall in the central United States. Using unique datasets of MCS and non-MCS rains and soil moisture sourced from these rains, analyses revealed the dominant role of early warm-season (April to June) MCS rainfall in summer (July) MCS and non-MCS rainfall through positive and negative soil moisture–precipitation feedback, respectively. These results underscore the importance of understanding and modeling MCSs in the significant grain growing region of the central United States.
Digital printing of shape-morphing natural materials
Authors: Zhao Ze , Kumar Jatin , Hwang Youngkyu , Deng Jingyu , Ibrahim Mohammed Shahrudin Bin , Huang Changjin , Suresh Subra , Cho Nam-Joon 
Published: October 2021

Significance
Most shape-morphing materials rely on nonrenewable fossil resources or finely extracted biomaterials, which need strict reaction control, elaborate processing equipment, or prefabricated templates to achieve controllable transformation. To circumvent these challenges, we developed an eco-friendly and scalable strategy for programmable shape evolution that integrates easy-to-process pollen biomass with cost-effective digital printing. Using this approach, specific geometrical features and architectures were customized to build complex materials with user-defined, shape-morphing abilities. These fabrication efforts were complemented by computational simulations to build quantitative and mechanistic insights into the biomaterial’s characteristics for creating complex shapes with methods that are suitable for scalable manufacturing.
Aminopeptidases trim Xaa-Pro proteins, initiating their degradation by the Pro/N-degron pathway
Authors: Chen Shun-Jia , Kim Leehyeon , Song Hyun Kyu , Varshavsky Alexander 
Published: October 2021

SignificanceThe Gid4 protein of the yeast proline (Pro)/N-degron pathway targets proteins for degradation by recognizing their N-terminal (Nt) Pro residue. This proteolytic pathway can also target proteins that bear Nt-Pro at position 2 instead of position 1. In the present study, we used genetic and biochemical approaches to discover that Fra1 and Icp55 are specific aminopeptidases that trim the Nt-Ala (A) and Nt-Ser (S) residues fromAP-Aro10 andSP-Pck1 proteins, respectively, thereby yielding Nt-Pro and initiating degradation of these proteins by the Pro/N-degron pathway. In addition to discovering the mechanism of targeting ofXPproteins, these insights have also expanded the diversity of substrates of the Pro/N-degron pathway.
The pathophysiology of sepsis — 2021 update: Part 2, organ dysfunction and assessment
Authors: Jacobi Judith 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Purpose
This is the second article in a 2-part series discussing the pathophysiology of sepsis. Part 1 of the series reviewed the immunologic response and overlapping pathways of inflammation and coagulation that contribute to the widespread organ dysfunction. In this article (part 2), major organ systems and their dysfunction in sepsis are reviewed, with discussion of scoring systems used to identify patterns and abnormal vital signs and laboratory values associated with sepsis.

Summary
Sepsis is a dysregulated host response to infection that produces significant morbidity, and patients with shock due to sepsis have circulatory and cellular and metabolic abnormalities that lead to a higher mortality. Cardiovascular dysfunction produces vasodilation, reduced cardiac output and hypotension/shock requiring fluids, vasopressors, and advanced hemodynamic monitoring. Respiratory dysfunction may require mechanical ventilation and attention to volume status. Renal dysfunction is a frequent manifestation of sepsis. Hematologic dysfunction produces low platelets and either elevation or reduction of leukocytes, so consideration of the neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio may be useful. Procoagulant and antifibrinolytic activity leads to coagulation that is stimulated by inflammation. Hepatic dysfunction manifest as elevated bilirubin is often a late finding in sepsis and may cause reductions in production of essential proteins. Neurologic dysfunction may result from local endothelial injury and systemic inflammation through activity of the vagus nerve.

Conclusion
Timely recognition and team response with efficient use of therapies can improve patient outcome, and pharmacists with a complete understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms and treatments are valuable members of that team.
Managing the life cycle of a portfolio of open data resources at the SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
Authors: Gabella Chiara , Duvaud Severine , Durinx Christine 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Data resources are essential for the long-term preservation of scientific data and the reproducibility of science. The SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics provides the life science community with a portfolio of openly accessible, high-quality databases and software platforms, which vary from expert-curated knowledgebases, such as UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot (part of the UniProt consortium) and STRING, to online platforms such as SWISS-MODEL and SwissDrugDesign. SIB’s mission is to ensure that these resources are available in the long term, as long as their return on investment and their scientific impact are high. To this end, SIB provides its resources, in addition to stable financial support, with a range of high-quality, innovative services that are, to our knowledge, unique in the field. Through this first-class management framework with central services, such as user-centric consulting activities, legal support, open-science guidance, knowledge sharing and training efforts, SIB supports the promotion of excellence in resource development and operation. This review presents the ecosystem of data resources at SIB; the process used for the identification, evaluation and development of resources; and the support activities that SIB provides. A set of indicators has been put in place to select the resources and establish quality standards, reflecting their multifaceted nature and complexity. Through this paper, the reader will discover how SIB’s leading tools and databases are fostered by the institute, leading them to be best-in-class resources able to tackle the burning matters that society faces from disease outbreaks and cancer to biodiversity and open science.