bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proof: «criminal procedural» versus «criminalistic» (notes on the margins of one monograph). Book review: Criminal procedural proof: practice, methodology: monograph / ed. by candidate of legal sciences A. Yu. Afanasyev (Moscow: Yurlitinform Publ., 2021. 176 p.)
Authors: Kovtun Nikolay 
Published: December 2021

Proof: «criminal procedural» versus «criminalistic» (notes on the margins of one monograph). Book review: Criminal procedural proof: practice, methodology: monograph / ed. by candidate of legal sciences A. Yu. Afanasyev (Moscow: Yurlitinform Publ., 2021. 176 p.)
Engineering Method for Calculating the Temperature on the Inner Surface of the Outer Corner of a Building
Authors: Умнякова Н. П. 
Published: December 2021

Постановка задачи. Температура на внутренней поверхности наружного угла всегда меньше, чем по глади наружной стены, что при низких температурах наружного воздуха может приводить к образованию конденсата на внутренней поверхности стены. В связи с этим актуальным является проблема разработки инженерного метода расчета температуры в наружном углу для исключения возможности конденсатообразования на внутренней поверхности угла на стадии проектирования стеновых конструкций. Результаты. Для решения этой задачи на основе решения уравнения теплового баланса, учета амплитуды колебания температуры воздуха в помещении и теплопоглощения внутренних поверхностей стен, междуэтажных перекрытий (поверхности потолка и пола), перегородок, окон получена формула для вычисления температуры на внутренней поверхности наружного угла. Также в ходе исследования проведены натурные испытания стеновой конструкции с наружным углом и получены значения температур на внутренней и наружной поверхностях. Выводы. Сопоставление результатов расчетов по разработанной методике и экспериментальных данных показало, что значения температур на внутренней поверхности наружного угла практически совпадают. Это дает основание использовать предложенный инженерный метод расчета температуры на внутренней поверхности угла наружной стены при проектировании ограждающих конструкций зданий для создания благоприятных комфортных и санитарно-гигиенических условий в помещении.
Statement of the problem. The temperature on the inner surface of the outer corner is always lower than on the inner surface of the outer wall. This temperature difference might lead to the formation of condensation on the inner surface of the wall at low outdoor temperatures. Therefore the problem of developing an engineering method for calculating the temperature in the outer corner to exclude the possibility of condensation on the inner surface in the design process of the outer wall structures is extremely relevant. Results. To address this problem, based on solving the heat balance equation, taking into account the amplitude of air temperature fluctuations in the room and heat absorption of the inner surfaces of walls, intermediate bottoms (ceiling and floor surfaces), parting walls, a formula was obtained to calculate the temperature on the inner surface of the outer corner. Also, through the course of the study, natural tests of the wall structure with an outer corner were carried out and the temperatures on the inner and outer surfaces were obtained. Conclusions. Comparison of the calculation results using the developed engineering calculation method and experimental data showed that the temperatures on the inner surface of the outer corner almost coincided. This makes it possible to use the suggested engineering method for calculating the temperature on the inner surface of the outer wall corner in the design of enclosing structures to exclude condensation.
Design Model As a Means of Thinking in Architectural Practice and Theory of Renaissance
Authors: Капустин П. В. 
Published: December 2021

Состояние проблемы. Реконструкция исторической эволюции архитектурного проектирования сегодня становится актуальной необходимостью. Причины, условия, процессы формирования базовых представлений и методов, легших в основу проектного типа мышления и действия, до сих пор довольно мало изучены, особенно в критическом аспекте. Между тем немалая часть сегодняшних проблем и затруднений, как становится понятно, берет начало в эпохе зарождения профессионального проектного метода, в событиях Нового времени. Центром этого метода стало моделирование, вопросы эволюции которого рассмотрены в настоящей работе. Результаты. Рассмотрен этап становления проектирования в архитектурной деятельности в Ренессансе, прежде всего методологический вклад Л. Б. Альберти. Показана трансформация традиционного модельного способа зодческой работы в Раннем Возрождении, связанная с обособлением креативных действий, персонализацией замысла, изменениями в цеховых коммуникациях. Ремесленный способ работы зодчего вступает в профессиональную эру, что ведет к кардинальному изменению характера и места архитектурных моделей. Выводы. Требуется переосмысление, даже переоценка значения моделирования в эволюции проектирования: на место привычной картины безоблачного прогресса должна прийти критическая и проблематизирующая теория, дающая основания для инструментального отношения к моделированию как одному из методов, не лишенному недостатков.
Statement of the problem. Reconstruction of the historical evolution of architectural designing is becoming an urgent need today. The reasons, conditions, processes for the formation of basic ideas and methods that formed the basis of the designing type of thinking and action are still quite poorly understood, especially in a critical aspect. Meanwhile, a considerable part of today's problems and difficulties, as it becomes clear, originates in the era of the emergence of the professional method of designing, in the events of the Modernity. The center of this method is modeling, the evolution of which is considered in this work. Result. The stage of development of design in architectural activity in the Renaissance is considered, most importantly, the methodological contribution of L. B. Alberti. The transformation of the traditional model method of architectural work in the Early Renaissance is shown associated with the isolation of creative actions, personalization of the concept, changes in craft's communications. The craftsman's way of working enters the professional era, which results in a radical change in the nature and place of architectural models. Conclusions. Rethinking, even a reassessment of the importance of modeling in the evolution of designing is required instead of the usual picture of cloudless progress, a critical and problematizing theory should come providing foundations for an instrumental attitude to modeling as one of the methods that is not devoid of shortcomings.
Evidence for Energetic Neutral Hydrogen Emission from Solar Particle Events
Authors: Mason G. M. , Greenspan M. E. , Kanekal S. G. , Leske R. A. , Looper M. D. , Mazur J. E. , Mewaldt R. A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We report the probable detection of energetic neutral hydrogen atoms (ENAs) at >0.8 MeV in several large solar energetic particle events observed between 1997 and 2004. The low Earth orbiting SAMPEX satellite detected transient increases of quasi-trapped equatorial protons beginning typically ∼3 hr after the X-ray flare and lasting for up to several hours. Since the magnetic cutoff rigidity is >10 GV at the magnetic latitude where the particles were observed, we interpret the signal as due to ENAs that penetrate Earth’s magnetic field and charge exchange in the upper atmosphere, whereupon the charged particles may become trapped. One event outside our survey period (2006 December 5) had previously reported solar flare ENAs, the only example of this phenomenon of which we are aware. Although the statistics are limited, the events we report suggest that the ENAs are produced as the flare-associated coronal mass wjection moves through the corona, as concluded previously for the 2006 December 5 event. The finding of ENAs emitted in conjunction with large solar flares opens a new avenue to understanding these events.
Optimizing Cadences with Realistic Light-curve Filtering for Serendipitous Kilonova Discovery with Vera Rubin Observatory
Authors: Andreoni Igor , Coughlin Michael W. , Almualla Mouza , Bellm Eric C. , Bianco Federica B. , Bulla Mattia , Cucchiara Antonino , Dietrich Tim , Goobar Ariel , Kool Erik C. , Li Xiaolong , Ragosta Fabio , Sagués-Carracedo Ana , Singer Leo P. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Current and future optical and near-infrared wide-field surveys have the potential to find kilonovae, the optical and infrared counterparts to neutron star mergers, independently of gravitational-wave or high-energy gamma-ray burst triggers. The ability to discover fast and faint transients such as kilonovae largely depends on the area observed, the depth of those observations, the number of revisits per field in a given time frame, and the filters adopted by the survey; it also depends on the ability to perform rapid follow-up observations to confirm the nature of the transients. In this work, we assess kilonova detectability in existing simulations of the Legacy Survey of Space and Time strategy for the Vera C. Rubin Wide Fast Deep survey, with focus on comparing rolling to baseline cadences. Although currently available cadences can enable the detection of >300 kilonovae out to ∼1400 Mpc over the 10 year survey, we can expect only 3–32 kilonovae similar to GW170817 to be recognizable as fast-evolving transients. We also explore the detectability of kilonovae over the plausible parameter space, focusing on viewing angle and ejecta masses. We find that observations in redder izy bands are crucial for identification of nearby (within 300 Mpc) kilonovae that could be spectroscopically classified more easily than more distant sources. Rubin’s potential for serendipitous kilonova discovery could be increased by gain of efficiency with the employment of individual 30 s exposures (as opposed to 2 × 15 s snap pairs), with the addition of red-band observations coupled with same-night observations in g or r bands, and possibly with further development of a new rolling-cadence strategy.
The Impact of Observing Strategy on the Reliable Classification of Standard Candle Stars: Detection of Amplitude, Period, and Phase Modulation (Blazhko Effect) of RR Lyrae Stars with LSST
Authors: Hernitschek Nina , Stassun Keivan G. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Vera C. Rubin Observatory will carry out its Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) with a single-exposure depth of r ∼ 24.7 and an anticipated baseline of 10 yr, allowing access to the Milky Way’s old halo not only deeper than, but also with a longer baseline and better cadence than, e.g., PS1 3π. This will make the LSST ideal to study populations of variable stars such as RR Lyrae stars (RRL). Here, we address the question of observing strategy optimization of LSST, as survey footprint definition, single-visit exposure time, as well as the cadence of repeat visits in different filters are yet to be finalized. We present metrics used to assess the impact of different observing strategies on the reliable detectability and classification of standard candle variable stars, including detection of amplitude, period, and phase modulation effects of RRL (the so-called Blazhko effect), by evaluating metrics for simulated potential survey designs. So far, due to the depths and cadences of typical all-sky surveys, it has been nearly impossible to study this effect on a larger sample. All-sky surveys with relatively few observations over a moderately long baseline allow only for fitting phase-folded RRL light curves, thus integrating over the complete survey length and hiding any information regarding possible period or phase modulation during the survey. On the other hand, surveys with cadences fit to detect slightly changing light curves usually have a relatively small footprint. LSST’s survey strategy, however, will allow for studying variable stars in a way that makes population studies possible.
Blazar Variability with the Vera C. Rubin Legacy Survey of Space and Time
Authors: Raiteri Claudia M. , Carnerero Maria I. , Balmaverde Barbara , Bellm Eric C. , Clarkson William , D’Ammando Filippo , Paolillo Maurizio , Richards Gordon T. , Villata Massimo , Yoachim Peter , Yoon Ilsang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
With their emission mainly coming from a relativistic jet pointing toward us, blazars are fundamental sources for studying extragalactic jets and their central engines, consisting of supermassive black holes fed by accretion disks. They are also candidate sources of high-energy neutrinos and cosmic rays. Because of the jet orientation, the nonthermal blazar emission is Doppler beamed; its variability is unpredictable, and it occurs on timescales from less than 1 hr to years. Comprehension of the diverse mechanisms producing the flux and spectral changes requires well-sampled multiband light curves over long time periods. In particular, outbursts are the best test bench for shedding light on the underlying physics, especially when studied in a multiwavelength context. The Vera C. Rubin Legacy Survey of Space and Time (Rubin-LSST) will monitor the southern sky for 10 yr in six photometric bands, offering a formidable tool for studying blazar variability features in a statistical way. The alert system will allow us to trigger follow-up observations of outstanding events, especially at high (keV-to-GeV) and very high (TeV) energies. We here examine the simulated Rubin-LSST survey strategies with the aim of understanding which cadences are more suitable for blazar variability science. Our metrics include light curve and color sampling. We also investigate the problem of saturation, which will affect the brightest and many flaring sources, and will have a detrimental impact on follow-up observations.
Optimization of the Observing Cadence for the Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time: A Pioneering Process of Community-focused Experimental Design
Authors: Bianco Federica B. , Ivezić Željko , Jones R. Lynne , Graham Melissa L. , Marshall Phil , Saha Abhijit , Strauss Michael A. , Yoachim Peter , Ribeiro Tiago , Anguita Timo , Bauer A. E. , Bauer Franz E. , Bellm Eric C. , Blum Robert D. , Brandt William N. , Brough Sarah , Catelan Márcio , Clarkson William I. , Connolly Andrew J. , Gawiser Eric , Gizis John E. , Hložek Renée , Kaviraj Sugata , Liu Charles T. , Lochner Michelle , Mahabal Ashish A. , Mandelbaum Rachel , McGehee Peregrine , Neilsen Jr. Eric H. , Olsen Knut A. G. , Peiris Hiranya V. , Rhodes Jason , Richards Gordon T. , Ridgway Stephen , Schwamb Megan E. , Scolnic Dan , Shemmer Ohad , Slater Colin T. , Slosar Anže , Smartt Stephen J. , Strader Jay , Street Rachel , Trilling David E. , Verma Aprajita , Vivas A. K. , Wechsler Risa H. , Willman Beth 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Vera C. Rubin Observatory is a ground-based astronomical facility under construction, a joint project of the National Science Foundation and the U.S. Department of Energy, designed to conduct a multipurpose 10 yr optical survey of the Southern Hemisphere sky: the Legacy Survey of Space and Time. Significant flexibility in survey strategy remains within the constraints imposed by the core science goals of probing dark energy and dark matter, cataloging the solar system, exploring the transient optical sky, and mapping the Milky Way. The survey’s massive data throughput will be transformational for many other astrophysics domains and Rubin’s data access policy sets the stage for a huge community of potential users. To ensure that the survey science potential is maximized while serving as broad a community as possible, Rubin Observatory has involved the scientific community at large in the process of setting and refining the details of the observing strategy. The motivation, history, and decision-making process of this strategy optimization are detailed in this paper, giving context to the science-driven proposals and recommendations for the survey strategy included in this Focus Issue.
Stick-slip Dynamics in Penetration Experiments on Simulated Regolith
Authors: Featherstone Jack , Bullard Robert , Emm Tristan , Jackson Anna , Reid Riley , Shefferman Sean , Dove Adrienne , Colwell Joshua , Kollmer Jonathan E. , Daniels Karen E. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The surfaces of many planetary bodies, including asteroids and small moons, are covered with dust to pebble-sized regolith held weakly to the surface by gravity and contact forces. Understanding the reaction of regolith to an external perturbation will allow for instruments, including sensors and anchoring mechanisms for use on such surfaces, to implement optimized design principles. We analyze the behavior of a flexible probe inserted into loose regolith simulant as a function of probe speed and ambient gravitational acceleration to explore the relevant dynamics. The EMPANADA experiment (Ejecta-Minimizing Protocols for Applications Needing Anchoring or Digging on Asteroids) flew on several parabolic flights. It employs a classic granular physics technique, photoelasticity, to quantify the dynamics of a flexible probe during its insertion into a system of bi-disperse, centimeter-sized model grains. We identify the force chain structure throughout the system during probe insertion at a variety of speeds and for four different levels of gravity: terrestrial, Martian, lunar, and microgravity. We identify discrete, stick-slip failure events that increase in frequency as a function of the gravitational acceleration. In microgravity environments, stick-slip behaviors are negligible, and we find that faster probe insertion can suppress stick-slip behaviors where they are present. We conclude that the mechanical response of regolith on rubble-pile asteroids is likely quite distinct from that found on larger planetary objects, and scaling terrestrial experiments to microgravity conditions may not capture the full physical dynamics.
Tylocinum is no longer monotypic: Tylocinum brevisporum sp. nov. (Boletales, Boletaceae) from northern Thailand
Authors: Raghoonundon Bhavesh , Davoodian Naveed , Phonemany Monthien , Raspé Olivier 
Published: December 2021

Tylocinum Y.C. Li &amp; Zhu L. Yang 2016 is a Boletaceae genus belonging in subfamily Leccinoideae. It was described in 2016 from China and, prior to this study, it contained only one species, T. griseolum Y.C. Li &amp; Zhu L. Yang 2016. During our survey of Boletaceae from Thailand, we collected some specimens that could be identified as a Tylocinum species, different from T. griseolum.
The bolete specimens, collected in forests dominated by Dipterocarpaceae and Fagaceae in northern Thailand, are described as Tylocinum brevisporum Raghoonundon &amp; Raspé sp. nov. Macroscopic and microscopic descriptions with illustrations are provided, as well as a 3-gene phylogeny, which confirms the new taxon’s position in Tylocinum. Tylocinum brevisporum differs from the only other known Tylocinum species (T. griseolum) by its brownish-grey colour, greyish-orange to brownish-orange colour change in the hymenophore when bruised, smaller pores (≤ 0.5 mm), longer tubes (up to 6 mm long), shorter and narrower basidiospores, longer and broader basidia and longer pleurocystidia relative to cheilocystidia. T. brevisporum is the second species from the genus Tylocinum and the only one to be found outside China thus far.
Le baptistère de Lydie en Grèce du Nord
Authors: Seraïdari Katerina 
Published: December 2021

Construit en 1974, le baptistère de Lydie commémore un événement fondateur de l’histoire du christianisme : c’est là, dans la rivière de Philippes, que Paul aurait baptisé Lydie, entre 49 et 50 de notre ère. L’article examine comment ce baptême emblématique (censé être le premier sur le continent européen) a d’abord été commémoré au dix-neuvième siècle par Lampakis, un érudit grec : celui-ci a transformé l’eau de Philippes en objet muséographique exposé dans un musée athénien. Avec l’érection d’une église, ce qui était jusque-là délocalisable est monumentalisé et ancré au sol ; grâce à la mobilité internationale que ce baptistère suscite, même le territoire est requalifié. Ce cas permet ainsi de mieux appréhender les interactions entre les quatre paramètres principaux du tourisme religieux : le site religieux, les personnes, les objets et les événements.
Structure and Peptidomes of Swine MHC Class I with Long Peptides Reveal the Cross-Species Characteristics of the Novel N-Terminal Extension Presentation Mode
Authors: Wei Xiaohui , Wang Song , Wang Suqiu , Xie Xiaoli , Zhang Nianzhi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Antigenic peptide presentation by the MHC is essential for activating T cells. The current view is that the peptide termini are tethered within the closed Ag-binding groove of MHC class I (MHC-I). Recently, the N-terminal extension mode of peptide presentation has been observed in human MHC-I (HLA-I). In this study, we found that the N terminus of the long peptide can extend beyond the groove of swine MHC-I (SLA-1*0401), confirming that this phenomenon can occur across species. Removal of the N-terminal extra (P-1) residue of the RW12 peptide significantly reduced the folding efficiency of the complex, but truncation of the second half of the peptide did not. Consistent with previous reports, the second (P1) residue of the peptide is twisted, and its side chain is inserted into the A pocket to form two hydrogen bonds with polymorphic E63 and conserved Y159. Mutations of E63 disrupt the binding of the peptide, indicating that E63 is necessary for this peptide-binding mode. Compared with W167, which exists in most MHC-Is, SLA-I–specific S167 ensures an open N-terminal groove of SLA-1*0401, enabling the P-1 residue to extend from the groove. In this MHC class II–like peptide-binding mode, the A pocket is restrictive to the P1 residue and is affected by the polymorphic residues. The peptidomes and refolding data indicated that the open N-terminal groove of SLA-1*0401 allows one to three residues to extend out of the Ag-binding groove. These cross-species comparisons can help us better understand the characteristics of this N-terminal extension presentation mode.
Gravidanza e malattie autoimmuni
Authors: Gnerre Guest Editor: Paola 
Published: December 2021

Gravidanza e patologie autoimmuniC. Politi, V. Donvito, A. Tincani
La contraccezione e la terapia estroprogestinica nelle donne con malattie autoimmuniM. Montesano, R. Picilli, G. Nova, M. Vignali
Gravidanza e monitoraggio fetale in pazienti con malattie reumatiche autoimmuniI. Cetin, R. Milazzo, L. Basili
Lupus eritematoso sistemico e gravidanzaM. Larosa, A. Doria
Artrite reumatoideV.L. Ramoni
Sindrome da anticorpi anti-fosfolipidi in gravidanza e puerperioM.C. Gerardi, C. Nalli, D. Lini, A. Tincani
Gravidanza e sclerosi sistemica (sclerodermia)A. Brucato, M. Nivuori, A. Mazzone
Anticorpi anti-Ro/SSA, sindrome di Sjögren, lupus neonatale e blocco cardiaco congenitoC. Picchi, E. Tombetti, A.L. Brucato
Patologie della tiroide in gravidanzaS. De Carolis, E. Barbagelata, I. Ambrosino, S. Tabacco
Gestione della gravidanza nelle donne con malattia di Behçet e vasculitiM. Gerosa, M. Cornalba, A. Sinelli, R. Cimaz, R. Caporali
Sclerosi multiplaA. Protti, E.L. Susani, L. Saraceno, M.R. Marazzi, E.C. Agostoni
Malattie autoinfiammatorie ereditarie e gravidanzaL. Obici
Pericardite in gravidanzaE. Barbagelata, I. Ambrosino, E. Bernero, A. Brucato
Fisiologia del rene in gravidanzaT. Ciarambino, F. Saladini, D. Manfellotto
Terapia con farmaci antireumatici in corso di gravidanza e allattamentoM.C. Gerardi, D. Lini, L. Andreoli
Il ruolo delle analisi di laboratorio nella gravidanza delle donne con malattie immunoreumatologicheF. Bartoli, C.B. Chighizola
Gravidanza e malattie autoimmuni: il bambinoM. Romano, R. Cimaz
Fecondazione medicalmente assistita nelle malattie autoimmuni sistemicheS. Truglia, S. Mancuso, F. Conti
Il punto di vista delle pazienti: la ricerca che accarezzaI. Galetti, S. Ostuzzi