bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Post-ischemic Brain Glucose Metabolism Is Dependent on Function of TLR2: a Study Using [18F]F-FDG PET-CT in a Mouse Model of Cardiac Arrest and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Bajorat Rika , Kurth Jens , Stenzel Jan , Vollmar Brigitte , Krause Bernd J. , Reuter Daniel A. , Schuerholz Tobias , Bergt Stefan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The mammalian brain glucose metabolism is tightly and sensitively regulated. An ischemic brain injury caused by cardiac arrest (CA) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) affects cerebral function and presumably also glucose metabolism. The majority of patients who survive CA suffer from cognitive deficits and physical disabilities. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) plays a crucial role in inflammatory response in ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). Since deficiency of TLR2 was associated with increased survival after CA-CPR, in this study, glucose metabolism was measured using non-invasive [18F]F-FDG PET-CT imaging before and early after CA-CPR in a mouse model comparing wild-type (WT) and TLR2-deficient (TLR2−/−) mice. The investigation will evaluate whether FDG-PET could be useful as an additional methodology in assessing prognosis.

Procedures
Two PET-CT scans using 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]F-FDG) tracer were carried out to measure dynamic glucose metabolism before and early after CPR. To achieve this, anesthetized and ventilated adult female WT and TLR2−/− mice were scanned in PET-CT. After recovery from the baseline scan, the same animals underwent 10-min KCL-induced CA followed by CPR. Approximately 90 min after CA, measurements of [18F]F-FDG uptake for 60 min were started. The [18F]F-FDG standardized uptake values (SUVs) were calculated using PMOD-Software on fused FDG-PET-CT images with the included 3D Mirrione-Mouse-Brain-Atlas.

Results
The absolute SUVmean of glucose in the whole brain of WT mice was increased about 25.6% after CA-CPR. In contrast, the absolute glucose SUV in the whole brain of TLR2−/− mice was not significantly different between baseline and measurements post CA-CPR. In comparison, baseline measurements of both mouse strains show a highly significant difference with regard to the absolute glucose SUV in the whole brain. Values of TLR2−/− mice revealed a 34.6% higher glucose uptake.

Conclusions
The altered mouse strains presented a different pattern in glucose uptake under normal and ischemic conditions, whereby the post-ischemic differences in glucose metabolism were associated with the function of key immune factor TLR2. There is evidence for using early FDG-PET-CT as an additional diagnostic tool after resuscitation. Further studies are needed to use PET-CT in predicting neurological outcomes.
Eine mehrdimensionale Betrachtung des Druckerlebens von Schüler*innen der Sekundarstufe II aus der Perspektive der Selbstbestimmungstheorie
Authors: Kaiser Lisa-Maria , Besa Kris-Stephen , Wilde Matthias , Großmann Nadine 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungGemäß der Selbstbestimmungstheorie der Motivation hängen die Motivation und der Lernerfolg von Schüler*innen von der Befriedigung der drei psychologischen Grundbedürfnisse nach Autonomie, Kompetenz und sozialer Eingebundenheit ab. Der Schulalltag ist allerdings häufig durch das Erleben von Druck und Kontrolle gekennzeichnet, was sich negativ auf den Lernprozess auswirkt. Derzeit gibt es aus Perspektive der Selbstbestimmungstheorie nur wenig aktuelle Forschung zum Druckerleben von Schüler*innen. Dieses Desiderat adressiert die vorliegende Studie. In einem ersten Schritt wurde ein Messinstrument überprüft, welches das Druckerleben von Schüler*innen bezüglich verschiedener Belastungsfaktoren evaluiert. Mittels explorativer Faktorenanalyse wurden die drei Dimensionen Druck durch zeitliche Anforderungen, Leistungsanforderungen und die Lehrperson extrahiert. In einem zweiten Schritt konnte die Faktorenstruktur auch anhand einer anderen Stichprobe repliziert werden. In einem Strukturgleichungsmodell wurde zudem untersucht, inwieweit sich die zuvor ermittelten Druckdimensionen auf die Befriedigung der psychologischen Grundbedürfnisse auswirken. Das Erleben von Autonomie, Kompetenz und sozialer Eingebundenheit wird in unterschiedlichem Ausmaß durch die verschiedenen Druckdimensionen vorhergesagt.
Least-squares bilinear clustering of three-way data
Authors: Schoonees Pieter C. , Groenen Patrick J. F. , van de Velden Michel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA least-squares bilinear clustering framework for modelling three-way data, where each observation consists of an ordinary two-way matrix, is introduced. The method combines bilinear decompositions of the two-way matrices with clustering over observations. Different clusterings are defined for each part of the bilinear decomposition, which decomposes the matrix-valued observations into overall means, row margins, column margins and row–column interactions. Therefore up to four different classifications are defined jointly, one for each type of effect. The computational burden is greatly reduced by the orthogonality of the bilinear model, such that the joint clustering problem reduces to separate problems which can be handled independently. Three of these sub-problems are specific cases of k-means clustering; a special algorithm is formulated for the row–column interactions, which are displayed in clusterwise biplots. The method is illustrated via an empirical example and interpreting the interaction biplots are discussed. Supplemental materials for this paper are available online, which includes the dedicated R package, .
Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction—Does Sex Matter?
Authors: Swaraj Sascha , Kozor Rebecca , Arnott Clare , Di Bartolo Belinda A. , A. Figtree Gemma 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Purpose of Review
There is an increasing recognition of the importance of sex in susceptibility, clinical presentation, and outcomes for heart failure. This review focusses on heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), unravelling differences in biology, clinical and demographic features and evidence for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. This is intended to inform clinicians and researchers regarding state-of-the-art evidence relevant to women, as well as areas of unmet need.

Recent Findings
Females are well recognised to be under-represented in clinical trials, but there have been some improvements in recent years. Data from the last 5 years reaffirms that women presenting with HFrEF women are older and have more comorbidities like hypertension, diabetes and obesity compared with men and are less likely to have ischaemic heart disease. Non-ischaemic aetiologies are more likely to be the cause of HFrEF in women, and women are more often symptomatic. Whilst mortality is less than in their male counterparts, HFrEF is associated with a bigger impact on quality of life in females. The implications of this for improved prevention, treatment and outcomes are discussed.

Summary
This review reveals distinct sex differences in HFrEF pathophysiology, types of presentation, morbidity and mortality. In light of this, in order for future research and clinical medicine to be able to manage HFrEF adequately, there must be more representation of women in clinical trials as well as collaboration for the development of sex-specific management guidelines. Future research might also elucidate the biochemical foundation of the sex discrepancy in HFrEF.
Identification of Trueperella bernardiae isolated from peking ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) by phenotypical and genotypical investigations and by a newly developed loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay
Authors: Ahmed Marwa F. E. , Alssahen Mazen , Lämmler Christoph , Köhler Bernd , Metzner Martin , Plötz Madeleine , Abdulmawjood Amir 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTrueperella (T.) bernardiae is a well-known bacterial pathogen in infections of humans, rarely in animals. In the present study, five T. bernardiae isolates, isolated from five Peking ducks of four different farms, were identified by phenotypic properties, by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis, and genotypically by sequencing the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene, the superoxide dismutase A encoding gene sodA, and the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase encoding gene gap. In addition, the T. bernardiae isolates could be identified with a newly developed loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay based on the gyrase encoding housekeeping gene gyrA. All these tests clearly identified the T. bernardiae isolates to the species level. However, the detection of the specific gene gyrA with the newly designed LAMP assay appeared with a high sensitivity and specificity, and could help to identify this bacterial species in human and animal infections in future. The importance of the T. bernardiae isolates for the clinical condition of the ducks and for the problems at farm level remains unclear.
Predictors of delayed breast reconstruction in the Netherlands: a 5-year follow-up study in stage I–III breast cancer patients
Authors: van Egdom L. S. E. , de Ligt K. M. , de Munck L. , Koppert L. B. , Mureau M. A. M. , Rakhorst H. A. , Siesling S. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Delayed breast reconstruction (DBR) is a valid option for postmastectomy breast cancer patients who have a desire for breast reconstruction but are not considered suitable for immediate breast reconstruction (IBR). The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical practice and predictors of the use of DBR in the Netherlands.

Methods
Stage I–III breast cancer patients diagnosed from January to March 2012 and treated with mastectomy were selected from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Routinely collected patient, tumor, treatment and hospital characteristics were complemented with data about DBR up to 2018. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors independently associated with postmastectomy DBR. Factors associated with time to DBR were identified through Cox regression analyses.

Results
Of all patients who underwent mastectomy (n = 1,415), 10.2% underwent DBR. DBR patients more often received autologous reconstruction compared to IBR patients (37.5% vs 6.2%, p < 0.001). Age below 50 years (age < 35 OR 15.55, age 35–49 OR 4.18) and neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy (OR 2.59 and OR 2.83, respectively) were significantly associated with DBR. Mean time to DBR was 2.4 years [range 1–6 years]. Time to DBR was significantly associated with age < 35 years (HR 2.22), and a high hospital volume (HR 1.87).

Discussion
The use of DBR after mastectomy could not be fully explained by age below 50 years, chemotherapy, and hospital volume. Treatment with radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy increased time to DBR. More information about patient preferences is needed to understand the use and timing of reconstruction.
Snacktivity™ to Promote Physical Activity: a Qualitative Study
Authors: Tyldesley-Marshall Natalie , Greenfield Sheila M. , Parretti Helen M. , Gokal Kajal , Greaves Colin , Jolly Kate , Maddison Ralph , Daley Amanda J. ,   Snacktivity™ Study Team, Biddle Stuart , Edwardson Charlotte , Esliger Dale , Frew Emma , Ives Natalie , Mutrie Nanette , Sanders James , Sherar Lauren , Skrybrant Magdalena , Yates Tom 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Adults should achieve a minimum of 150 min of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity per week, but many people do not achieve this. Changes to international guidance have removed the requirement to complete physical activity in bouts of at least 10 min. Snacktivity is a novel and complementary approach that could motivate people to be physically active. It focuses on promoting shorter (2–5 min) and more frequent bouts, or ‘snacks’ of physical activity throughout the day. It is not known whether promoting physical activity in shorter bouts is acceptable to the public, or whether it likely to translate into health behaviour change.

Methods
As part of a larger research programme, this study explored the merits of using small bouts of physical activity to help the public become physically active (the Snacktivity™ programme). Thirty-one inactive adults used the approach for five days then participated in semi- structured interviews about their experiences. The data were analysed using the Framework approach.

Results
Whilst participants highlighted some potential barriers to implementation, they expressed the ease with which Snacktivity could be achieved, which gave them a new awareness of opportunities to do more physical activity throughout the day. Participants raised the importance of habit formation to achieve regular small bouts of physical activity.

Conclusions
Findings demonstrated that participants liked the Snacktivity concept and viewed it as a motivating approach. Guidance about physical activity must lead to advice that has the best chance of preserving and promoting health and Snacktivity has potential to meet this ambition.
“There’s no reason to do monogamy”: Evidence for and Characteristics Associated with a Strong Desire for Consensual Nonmonogamy
Authors: Arter Jennifer , Bunge Sacha S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionConsensual nonmonogamy (CNM) is a form of relationship practiced by many despite widespread stigma against it. In this study, we explore evidence of strong, persistent desire for CNM among some individuals, and look for commonalities among these individuals.MethodBetween February 2019 and June 2020, we conducted qualitative, semi-structured interviews with 51 US adults who had practiced CNM for between 3 and 50 years, recruited via community contacts and snowball method. Participants reported a broad diversity of sexual orientations and gender identities; 62.7% reported European/white ancestry. We conducted thematic analysis to examine evidence of strong, persistent desire for CNM and common characteristics and experiences among participants.ResultsWe describe 7 sub-themes that suggest a strong desire for CNM, such as pursuing CNM early in life, experiencing difficulties in attempts at monogamy, and describing one’s desire for CNM as enduring or unchangeable. We then describe 9 characteristics and experiences that were common among participants, such as a preference for autonomy, not experiencing categorical distinctions among relationships, desiring to make life plans with multiple adults, and exposure to communities whose norms do not assume monogamy.ConclusionsOur data indicate a pattern of desires, life choices, and self-perceptions suggesting that some individuals strongly desire and persistently pursue CNM (whereas others appear to be comfortable with both CNM and monogamy).Policy ImplicationsOur results suggest that some individuals consistently desire and pursue CNM relationships, and therefore would benefit from efforts toward destigmatization and reduction of institutional disadvantage against the practice of CNM.
A Density of Ramified Primes
Authors: Chan Stephanie , McMeekin Christine , Milovic Djordjo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLet K be a cyclic number field of odd degree over $${\mathbb {Q}}$$
Q
with odd narrow class number, such that 2 is inert in $$K/{\mathbb {Q}}$$

K
/
Q

. We define a family of number fields $$\{K(p)\}_p$$

{
K

(
p
)

}

p

, depending on K and indexed by the rational primes p that split completely in $$K/{\mathbb {Q}}$$

K
/
Q

, in which p is always ramified of degree 2. Conditional on a standard conjecture on short character sums, the density of such rational primes p that exhibit one of two possible ramified factorizations in $$K(p)/{\mathbb {Q}}$$

K
(
p
)
/
Q

is strictly between 0 and 1 and is given explicitly as a formula in terms of the degree of the extension $$K/{\mathbb {Q}}$$

K
/
Q

. Our results are unconditional in the cubic case. Our proof relies on a detailed study of the joint distribution of spins of prime ideals.
Variants of derivation modes for which catalytic P systems with one catalyst are computationally complete
Authors: Alhazov Artiom , Freund Rudolf , Ivanov Sergiu , Verlan Sergey 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCatalytic P systems are among the first variants of membrane systems ever considered in this area. This variant of systems also features some prominent computational complexity questions, and in particular the problem of using only one catalyst: is one catalyst enough to allow for generating all recursively enumerable sets of multisets? Several additional ingredients have been shown to be sufficient for obtaining even computational completeness with only one catalyst. Last year we could show that the derivation mode $$max_{objects}$$

m
a

x

objects

, where we only take those multisets of rules which affect the maximal number of objects in the underlying configuration one catalyst is sufficient for obtaining computational completeness without any other ingredients. In this paper we follow this way of research and show that one catalyst is also sufficient for obtaining computational completeness when using specific variants of derivation modes based on non-extendable multisets of rules: we only take those non-extendable multisets whose application yields the maximal number of generated objects or else those non-extendable multisets whose application yields the maximal difference in the number of objects between the newly generated configuration and the current configuration. A similar computational completeness result can even be obtained when omitting the condition of non-extendability of the applied multisets when taking the maximal difference of objects or the maximal number of generated objects. Moreover, we reconsider simple P system with energy control—both symbol and rule energy-controlled P systems equipped with these new variants of derivation modes yield computational completeness.
AN INTRODUCTION TO THE SCOTT COMPLEXITY OF COUNTABLE STRUCTURES AND A SURVEY OF RECENT RESULTS
Authors: HARRISON-TRAINOR MATTHEW 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEvery countable structure has a sentence of the infinitary logic
$\mathcal {L}_{\omega _1 \omega }$
which characterizes that structure up to isomorphism among countable structures. Such a sentence is called a Scott sentence, and can be thought of as a description of the structure. The least complexity of a Scott sentence for a structure can be thought of as a measurement of the complexity of describing the structure. We begin with an introduction to the area, with short and simple proofs where possible, followed by a survey of recent advances.
Invariant measures for interval maps without Lyapunov exponents
Authors: OLIVARES-VINALES JORGE 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe construct an invariant measure for a piecewise analytic interval map whose Lyapunov exponent is not defined. Moreover, for a set of full measure, the pointwise Lyapunov exponent is not defined. This map has a Lorenz-like singularity and non-flat critical points.
Severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) surface contamination in staff common areas and impact on healthcare worker infection: Prospective surveillance during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic
Authors: Zhang Helen L. , Kelly Brendan J. , David Michael Z. , Lautenbach Ebbing , Huang Elizabeth , Bekele Selamawit , Tolomeo Pam , Reesey Emily , Loughrey Sean , Pegues David , Ziegler Matthew J. ,   for the CDC Prevention Epicenters Program
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe prospectively surveyed SARS-CoV-2 RNA contamination in staff common areas within an acute-care hospital. An increasing prevalence of surface contamination was detected over time. Adjusting for patient census or community incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the proportion of contaminated surfaces did not predict healthcare worker COVID-19 infection on study units.
Ediacaran pithy macroalgaLanceaphytonn. gen. from South China
Authors: Wang Ye , Wang Yue , Du Wei , Li Yulan , Liu Fan , Zhao Mingsheng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWith differentiated tissues and organs, a high-level eukaryotic macroalgaLanceaphyton xiaojiangensisn. gen. n. sp. lived on the middle–late Ediacaran (ca. 560–551 Ma) seafloor in South China. Its body had a pith (perhaps mechanical tissue) and outer tissue (perhaps epidermis and/or cortex). The lance-like macroalga consists of an unbranching thallus that grew over the sediment surface for sunlight and a holdfast grown into sediments to keep the thallus fixed on the seafloor. The pithy stipe (lower thallus) might have served to support the upper pithless thallus for photosynthesis. The holdfast is composed of a tapering pithy rhizome growing down into the sediments, with many filamentous pithless rhizoids dispersedly growing within the sediments. With the differentiated tissues and organs, especially the pith accounting for about half of the width of the rhizome and stipe,Lanceaphytonn. gen. was a high-level eukaryotic macroalga, similar to phaeophytes in morphological features, but further research is needed on its microstructural details. The pithy macroalga shows that the macroalgal pith had emerged in the Ediacaran.UUID:http://zoobank.org/bc924c5c-84e4-4170-9ca1-caee0d56c6d5.
Circulating oestradiol determines liver lipid deposition in rats fed standard diets partially unbalanced with higher lipid or protein proportions
Authors: Oliva Laia , Alemany Marià , Fernández-López José-Antonio , Remesar Xavier 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe ingestion of excess lipids often produces the accumulation of liver fat. The modulation of diet energy partition affects this process and other metabolic responses, and oestrogens and androgens are implied in this process. Ten-week-old male and female rats were fed with either standard rat chow (SD), SD enriched with coconut oil (high-fat diet, HF), SD enriched with protein (high-protein diet, HP) or a ‘cafeteria’ diet (CAF) for 1 month. HF and CAF diets provided the same lipid-derived percentage of energy (40 %), HP diet protein energy derived was twice (40 %) that of the SD. Animals were killed under anaesthesia and samples of blood and liver were obtained. Hepatic lipid content showed sex-related differences: TAG accumulation tended to increase in HF and CAF fed males. Cholesterol content was higher only in the CAF males. Plasma oestradiol in HF and HP males was higher than in CAF. Circulating cholesterol was inversely correlated with plasma oestradiol. These changes agreed with the differences in the expression of some enzymes related to lipid and energy metabolism, such as fatty acid synthetase or phosphoglycolate phosphatase. Oestrogen protective effects extend to males with ‘normal’ diets, that is, not unbalanced by either lipid or protein, but this protection was not enough against the CAF diet. Oestradiol seems to actively modulate the liver core of 2C-3C partition of energy substrates, regulating cholesterol deposition and lactate production.