bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Future projections of Mediterranean cyclone characteristics using the Med-CORDEX ensemble of coupled regional climate system models
Authors: Reale Marco , Cabos Narvaez William David , Cavicchia Leone , Conte Dario , Coppola Erika , Flaounas Emmanouil , Giorgi Filippo , Gualdi Silvio , Hochman Assaf , Li Laurent , Lionello Piero , Podrascanin Zorica , Salon Stefano , Sanchez-Gomez Emilia , Scoccimarro Enrico , Sein Dmitry V. , Somot Samuel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHere, we analyze future projections of cyclone activity in the Mediterranean region at the end of the twenty-first century based on an ensemble of state-of-the-art fully-coupled Regional Climate System Models (RCSMs) from the Med-CORDEX initiative under the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5. Despite some noticeable biases, all the RCSMs capture spatial patterns and cyclone activity key characteristics in the region and thus all of them can be considered as plausible representations of the future evolution of Mediterranean cyclones. In general, the RCSMs show at the end of the twenty-first century a decrease in the number and an overall weakening of cyclones moving across the Mediterranean. Five out of seven RCSMs simulate also a decrease of the mean size of the systems. Moreover, in agreement with what already observed in CMIP5 projections for the area, the models suggest an increase in the Central part of the Mediterranean region and a decrease in the South-eastern part of the region in the cyclone-related wind speed and precipitation rate. These rather two opposite tendencies observed in the precipitation should compensate and amplify, respectively, the effect of the overall reduction of the frequency of cyclones on the water budget over the Central and South-eastern part of the region. A pronounced inter-model spread among the RCSMs emerges for the projected changes in the cyclone adjusted deepening rate, seasonal cycle occurrence and associated precipitation and wind patterns over some areas of the basin such as Ionian Sea and Iberian Peninsula. The differences observed appear to be determined by the driving Global Circulation Model (GCM) and influenced by the RCSM physics and internal variability. These results point to the importance of (1) better characterizing the range of plausible futures by relying on ensembles of models that explore well the existing diversity of GCMs and RCSMs as well as the climate natural variability and (2) better understanding the driving mechanisms of the future evolution of Mediterranean cyclones properties.
Neither connectivity nor genetic diversity matter in the conservation of a rare fern and a moss on insular erratic boulders
Authors: Hepenstrick Daniel , Zemp Niklaus , Widmer Alex , Holderegger Rolf 
Published: November 2021

AbstractErratic boulders provide habitat for rock-dwelling species and contribute to the biodiversity of landscapes. In the calcareous Swiss lowlands, siliceous erratic boulders are exclusive habitat islands for the regionally critically endangered fern Asplenium septentrionale, about 20 bryophyte species and numerous lichens. Focusing on island biogeographical processes, we analysed the conservation genomics of A. septentrionale and the moss Hedwigia ciliata on insular erratic boulders in the Swiss lowlands and the adjacent “mainland” in siliceous mountains. We genotyped both species using double digest restriction associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD). For the tetraploid A. septentrionale, abundant identical multilocus genotypes within populations suggested prevalent intragametophytic selfing, and six out of eight boulder populations consisting of a single multilocus genotype each indicated single spore founder events. The genetic structure of A. septentrionale mainland populations coincided with Pleistocene glacial refugia. Four genetic lineages of H. ciliata were identified, and populations consisting of a single multilocus genotype were less common than in A. septentrionale. For both taxa, multilocus genotype diversity on boulders was lower than in mainland populations. The absence of common genetic groups among boulder populations, and the absence of isolation by distance patterns, suggested colonisation of boulders through independent long-distance dispersal events. Successful boulder colonisation of A. septentrionale seems to be rare, while colonisation by H. ciliata appears to be more frequent. We conclude that pivotal principles of conservation biology, such as connectivity and genetic diversity, are of less importance for the studied cryptogams on insular erratic boulders because of long-distance dispersal, intragametophytic selfing and polyploidy.
Social-Ecological Change on the Mongolian Steppe: Herder Perceptions of Causes, Impacts, and Adaptive Strategies
Authors: Reid-Shaw Indiana , Jargalsaihan Azjargal , Reid Robin S. , Jamsranjav Chantsallkham , Fernández-Giménez María E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPastoral people in rangelands worldwide are experiencing uncertainty due to a combination of climatic, economic, and political stressors. Our study seeks to create a full view of the drivers, impacts, and adaptations to change for livestock herders in rural Mongolia, making use of herder traditional knowledge and select instrumental data. Interview respondents described undesirable trends in livestock herds, pasture, wildlife, and their livelihoods in three sites in northern, central, and eastern Mongolia from 1995 to 2015, including decreased lake levels. There was more agreement for precipitation trends than for temperature. We developed a systems model based on herder descriptions of the sequence and prominence of interacting drivers of change. Finally, we describe measures herders are taking to adapt to these changes, such as more frequent livestock movement. We present a transdisciplinary view of social-ecological change and applications for more regionally focused governance in an era of climate uncertainty.
On the impact of post weld heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of creep resistant 2.25Cr–1Mo–0.25V weld metal
Authors: Schönmaier Hannah , Fleißner-Rieger Christian , Krein Ronny , Schmitz-Niederau Martin , Schnitzer Ronald 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCreep resistant low-alloyed 2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V steel is typically applied in hydrogen bearing heavy wall pressure vessels in the chemical and petrochemical industry. For this purpose, the steel is often joined via submerged-arc welding. In order to increase the reactors efficiency via higher operating temperatures and pressures, the industry demands for improved strength and toughness of the steel plates and weldments at elevated temperatures. This study investigates the influence of the post weld heat treatment (PWHT) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V multi-layer weld metal aiming to describe the underlying microstructure-property relationships. Apart from tensile, Charpy impact and stress rupture testing, micro-hardness mappings were performed and changes in the dislocation structure as well as alterations of the MX carbonitrides were analysed by means of high resolution methods. A longer PWHT-time was found to decrease the stress rupture time of the weld metal and increase the impact energy at the same time. In addition, a longer duration of PWHT causes a reduction of strength and an increase of the weld metals ductility. Though the overall hardness of the weld metal is decreased with longer duration of PWHT, PWHT-times of more than 12 h lead to an enhanced temper resistance of the heat-affected zones (HAZs) in-between the weld beads of the multi-layer weld metal. This is linked to several influencing factors such as reaustenitization and stress relief in the course of multi-layer welding, a higher fraction of larger carbides and a smaller grain size in the HAZs within the multi-layer weld metal.
A Context Analysis with Stakeholders’ Views for Future Implementation of Interventions to Prevent Health Problems Among Employees with a Lower Socioeconomic Position
Authors: Schaap R. , Schaafsma F. G. , Huysmans M. A. , Bosma A. R. , Boot C. R. L. , Anema J. R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurpose Health problems among employees with a lower socioeconomic position (SEP) often result from an interplay of problems on multiple life domains. Contextual factors greatly affect implementation of interventions that aim to solve these type of problems. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the organizational and socio-political context for implementation of preventive interventions that consider multiple life domains among employees with a lower SEP. Methods In total 16 semi-structured interviews were conducted with stakeholders at organizational level, occupational health service (OHS) level, and at socio-political macro level. Thematic analysis was performed to identify themes that describe the perceptions of stakeholders about the impact of contextual factors on implementation. Results The following themes were identified: (1) the importance of addressing problems on multiple life domains among employees with a lower SEP, (2) unclarity of responsibilities for solving problems on multiple life domains, (3) necessity of better collaboration between occupational and curative healthcare, (4) insufficient investments in prevention by employers, (5) difficulties in early identification of employees at risk for health problems, and (6) risk of conflicting role for supervisors in addressing problems on multiple life domains. Conclusions Implementation of preventive interventions considering multiple life domains among lower SEP employees is challenging, due to various contextual factors. To improve the feasibility, many different stakeholders both in- and outside occupational health practice need to be involved, collaborate, and need to be convinced of the added value to prevent problems on multiple life domains among employees with a lower SEP.
The Role of Public Broadcasting in Media Bias: Do People React Differently to Pro-government Bias in Public and Private Media?
Authors: Asano Taka-aki , Tago Atsushi , Tanaka Seiki 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPeople often reject new information, especially when it does not fit their prior beliefs. But do publics in advanced democracies reject information from public and private media outlets in the same way? We examine this question in the form of the media’s pro-government bias in the under-examined case of Japan. By combining unique textual data with an original survey experiment, we document that (1) people generally tend to reject pro-government biased information that overly praises government actions; but (2) the reasons why people reject the same biased information vary—based on their expectations of neutrality for public media, and on expectations derived from political ideology for private media. Our study suggests that the basis of people’s motivated reasoning differs when they evaluate content from public and private media.
Interfacial Behaviour in Ferroalloys: The Influence of Sulfur in FeMn and SiMn Systems
Authors: Bublik Sergey , Bao Sarina , Tangstad Merete , Einarsrud Kristian Etienne 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The present study has investigated the influence of sulfur content in synthetic FeMn and SiMn from 0 to 1.00 wt pct on interfacial properties between these ferroalloys and slags. The effect of experimental parameters such as temperature and holding time was evaluated. Interfacial interaction between ferroalloys and slags was characterized by interfacial tension and apparent contact angle between metal and slag, measured based on the Young–Laplace equation and an inverse modelling approach developed in OpenFOAM. The results show that sulfur has a significant influence on both interfacial tension and apparent contact angle, decreasing both values and promoting the formation of a metal-slag mixture. Despite the fact that sulfur was added only to the ferroalloys, most of sulfur is distributed into slag after reactions with the metal phase. Increasing the maximum experimental temperature in the sessile drop furnace also resulted in a decrease of both interfacial properties, resulting in higher mass transfer rates and intensive reactions between metal and slag. The effect of holding time demonstrated that after reaching equilibrium in FeMn-slag and SiMn-slag systems (both with and without sulfur), interfacial tension and apparent contact angle remain constant.
MULTIVARIATE COMPOSITE COPULAS
Authors: Xie Jiehua , Fang Jun , Yang Jingping , Bu Lan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we present a method for generating a copula by composing two arbitrary n-dimensional copulas via a vector of bivariate functions, where the resulting copula is named as the multivariate composite copula. A necessary and sufficient condition on the vector guaranteeing the composite function to be a copula is given, and a general approach to construct the vector satisfying this necessary and sufficient condition via bivariate copulas is provided. The multivariate composite copula proposes a new framework for the construction of flexible multivariate copula from existing ones, and it also includes some known classes of copulas. It is shown that the multivariate composite copula has a clear probability structure, and it satisfies the characteristic of uniform convergence as well as the reproduction property for its component copulas. Some properties of multivariate composite copulas are discussed. Finally, numerical illustrations and an empirical example on financial data are provided to show the advantages of the multivariate composite copula, especially in capturing the tail dependence.
Embodying the Nonhuman, Embracing the Alien: The Hyperbolic Strangeness of Blackness
Authors: Mendes Jan-Therese 
Published: November 2021

AbstractContemplating the techniques of white nationalism used to refuse Black ontology and deny Black belonging to the humanity of Canadian nationhood, this article considers how art imaginatively visualizes rebellion against the racist logics that regulate such denials. Exploring the function of hyperbole, this article examines the ways the willfully heightened strangeness of the extraterrestrial Afro-Astronaut and Black Muslim monster depicted in performance and visual art trouble racial matrixes through the dissonance provoked by the Other's unfamiliar display of excess.
Molecular regulation of polycystic ovary syndrome: altered gene expression levels in mouse models pretreatment and post-treatment
Authors: Tulay P. , Onal T. , Vatansever S. 
Published: November 2021

SummaryPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex disorder and genetic factors are believed to play a role. The main aim was to investigate expression levels of genes involved in PI3K/AKT signalling pathway pretreatment and post-treatment. Mouse models of PCOS were generated. Group one included control mice with no polycystic ovaries (n = 4), Group 2 included a PCOS mouse model (n = 8), Group 3 included PCOS mice treated with clomiphene citrate (n = 7) and Group 4 included PCOS mice treated with clomiphene citrate, metformin and pioglitazone (n = 8). Histochemical analyses were performed. Total RNA was extracted and cDNA was synthesized. Irs, Akt1 and Akt2, mTor and Pdpk1 gene expression levels were evaluated by RT-PCR amplification. In Group 1, cortex and medulla were evaluated as normal; in Group 2, ovarian cortex was composed of immature oocytes and cystic follicles with atretic follicles. In Groups 3 and 4, follicles were in the process of normal follicle differentiation. The expression levels of Akt1 and Pi3k were significantly different (P < 0.0001) between Groups 1 and 2. The significant differences in expression levels of Pi3k and Akt1 were also observed between the Group 1 and both Groups 3 and 4 (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, significant variations of the expression levels of mTor between Groups 1 and 4 were observed. The extrapolation of results of this study may imply that follicular development may be regulated by molecular pathways involving Pi3k, Akt1 and mTor expression. Therefore, genes in the PI3K/AKT pathway may have a direct regulatory role in the development of PCOS.
Prevalence of anemia and associated risk factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sabina Azhar Bably , Islam Md Shofikul , Karim Md Rezaul 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground:Anemia has created attention worldwide because of its adverse effects on the mother and the fetus during pregnancy. A large body of evidence has shown that pregnant women are the most vulnerable group to anemia.Objectives:This study aims to determine the prevalence of anemia, and associated risk factors, among pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) at government and private hospitals in Bangladesh.Methods:This cross-sectional study included 424 pregnant women, who visited hospitals for ANC from January to July 2019. We used a simple random sampling technique to select study subjects. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and participant’s current medical record cards. SPSS software was used for analyzing data.Results:The prevalence of anemia was 62.5% and significantly (P< 0.001) higher in the subjects attending ANC in government hospitals (68.7%) than in private (55.0%) hospitals. The prevalence of the severity of anemia was 28.3% mild, 36.9% moderate, and 3.40% severe in government hospitals while in private hospitals was 14.7% mild, 39.8% moderate, and 0.5% severe anemia. Anemia was significantly associated with maternal age 20–25 years [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.9] and 26–30 years (AOR = 2.37), monthly family income (300–500) US$ (AOR = 2.76), and ANC in government hospitals (AOR = 2.02), the parity [multiparous (AOR = 1.92)], gravidity [multigravid (AOR = 1.63)], contraception [no contraception (AOR = 2.50), and iron supplement [no iron supplement (AOR = 0.64).Conclusions:The result suggests that pregnant women should receive routine ANC and recognize iron supplementation during pregnancy. Finally, the results of this study are particularly relevant for pregnant women who are receiving ANC.
International Juridical Forms and Legal Subjectivity: A History of the Subject in Southeast Asia from the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 to the ASEAN Charter
Authors: BAGULAYA Jose Duke 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUsing Michel Foucault's concept of modes of objectification, this paper argues that treaties, declarations, and agreements constitute international juridical forms that transform human beings into legal subjects. It retraces the objectification of “natives” in nineteenth-century colonial treaties that made human beings accessories to territories and transformed them into colonial subjects. This legal construct, the paper contends, was rendered unstable in the UN era when treaties re-objectified the “natives” into “peoples”, thereby allowing colonial subjects to re-subjectify themselves into actors and re-describe themselves with an adjective, a nationality. The paper then brings the history to the twenty-first century and posits that ASEAN is now objectifying new trans-national subjects that are ontologically connected to the regional economy. This history of legal subjectivity reveals not only the power of international juridical forms as a mode of objectification, but also the trajectory of subject formation in Southeast Asia under the ASEAN Charter.
Variable Physical Drivers of Near‐Surface Turbulence in a Regulated River
Authors: Guseva S. , Aurela M. , Cortés A. , Kivi R. , Lotsari E. , MacIntyre S. , Mammarella I. , Ojala A. , Stepanenko V. , Uotila P. , Vähä A. , Vesala T. , Wallin M. B. , Lorke A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInland waters, such as lakes, reservoirs and rivers, are important sources of climate forcing trace gases. A key parameter that regulates the gas exchange between water and the atmosphere is the gas transfer velocity, which itself is controlled by near‐surface turbulence in the water. While in lakes and reservoirs, near‐surface turbulence is mainly driven by atmospheric forcing, in shallow rivers and streams it is generated by bottom friction of gravity‐forced flow. Large rivers represent a transition between these two cases. Near‐surface turbulence has rarely been measured in rivers and the drivers of turbulence have not been quantified. We analyzed continuous measurements of flow velocity and quantified turbulence as the rate of dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy over the ice‐free season in a large regulated river in Northern Finland. Measured dissipation rates agreed with predictions from bulk parameters, including mean flow velocity, wind speed, surface heat flux, and with a one‐dimensional numerical turbulence model. Values ranged from to . Atmospheric forcing or gravity was the dominant driver of near‐surface turbulence for similar fraction of the time. Large variability in near‐surface dissipation rate occurred at diel time scales, when the flow velocity was strongly affected by downstream dam operation. By combining scaling relations for boundary‐layer turbulence at the river bed and at the air‐water interface, we derived a simple model for estimating the relative contributions of wind speed and bottom friction of river flow as a function of depth.
Sensing of cytoplasmic chromatin by cGAS activates innate immune response in SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Zhou Zhuo , Zhang Xinyi , Lei Xiaobo , Xiao Xia , Jiao Tao , Ma Ruiyi , Dong Xiaojing , Jiang Qi , Wang Wenjing , Shi Yujin , Zheng Tian , Rao Jian , Xiang Zichun , Ren Lili , Deng Tao , Jiang Zhengfan , Dou Zhixun , Wei Wensheng , Wang Jianwei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a positive-sense RNA virus. How the host immune system senses and responds to SARS-CoV-2 infection remain largely unresolved. Here, we report that SARS-CoV-2 infection activates the innate immune response through the cytosolic DNA sensing cGAS-STING pathway. SARS-CoV-2 infection induces the cellular level of 2′3′-cGAMP associated with STING activation. cGAS recognizes chromatin DNA shuttled from the nucleus as a result of cell-to-cell fusion upon SARS-CoV-2 infection. We further demonstrate that the expression of spike protein from SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 from host cells is sufficient to trigger cytoplasmic chromatin upon cell fusion. Furthermore, cytoplasmic chromatin-cGAS-STING pathway, but not MAVS-mediated viral RNA sensing pathway, contributes to interferon and pro-inflammatory gene expression upon cell fusion. Finally, we show that cGAS is required for host antiviral responses against SARS-CoV-2, and a STING-activating compound potently inhibits viral replication. Together, our study reported a previously unappreciated mechanism by which the host innate immune system responds to SARS-CoV-2 infection, mediated by cytoplasmic chromatin from the infected cells. Targeting the cytoplasmic chromatin-cGAS-STING pathway may offer novel therapeutic opportunities in treating COVID-19. In addition, these findings extend our knowledge in host defense against viral infection by showing that host cells’ self-nucleic acids can be employed as a “danger signal” to alarm the immune system.