bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding motivation for implementing cooperative learning methods: a value-based approach
Authors: Filippou Dimitra , Buchs Céline , Quiamzade Alain , Pulfrey Caroline 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe implementation of cooperative learning methods remains disparate in primary schools despite their widely recognised benefits. To explain this paradox, we first examined whether teachers’ inclination towards cooperative methods is motivated by their values. Second, we tested whether motivational connections between personal values and cooperative methods are undermined when conflictual values are activated in context. Study 1 demonstrated that pre-service teachers strongly endorsed self-transcendence (ST) values (expressing compatible motivations with cooperation) relative to self-enhancement (SE) values (expressing conflictual motivations with cooperation). Adherence to ST values was also positively associated with their beliefs and attitudes regarding cooperative methods. In Studies 2, 3 and 4, educational sciences students were experimentally exposed to different contexts, wherein ST, SE or neutral values were promoted. Our findings indicate that when SE values were emphasised in the context, the positive association between ST values and beliefs/attitudes regarding cooperative methods disappeared. Although the results of Study 4 regarding the intention to use cooperative methods were not statistically significant, the pattern was similar. Finally, Study 5 showed that primary school teachers’ ST values positively predicted the self-reported use of cooperative methods when they perceived their school to weakly endorse SE values, but not when they perceived it to strongly endorse them.
Comparative Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction Studies of Spinel NiFe2O4 and Its Nanocarbon Hybrids
Authors: Shinde Pratik V. , Samal Rutuparna , Rout Chandra Sekhar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractElectrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is one of the crucial reactions for converting renewable electricity into chemical fuel in the form of hydrogen. To date, there is still a challenge in designing ideal cost-effective OER catalysts with excellent activity and robust durability. The hybridization of transition metal oxides and carbonaceous materials is one of the most effective and promising strategies to develop high-performance electrocatalysts. Herein, this work synthesized hybrids of NiFe2O4 spinel materials with two-dimensional (2D) graphene oxide and one-dimensional (1D) carbon nanotubes using a facile solvothermal approach. Electrocatalytic activities of NiFe2O4 with 2D graphene oxide toward OER were realized to be superior even to the 1D carbon nanotube-based electrocatalyst in terms of overpotential to reach a current density of 10 mA/cm2 as well as Tafel slopes. The NiFe2O4 with 2D graphene oxide hybrid exhibits good stability with an overpotential of 327 mV at a current density of 10 mA/cm2 and a Tafel slope of 103 mV/dec. The high performance of NiFe2O4 with 2D graphene oxide is mainly attributed to its unique morphology, more exposed active sites, and a porous structure with a high surface area. Thus, an approach of hybridizing a metal oxide with a carbonaceous material offers an attractive platform for developing an efficient electrocatalyst for water electrochemistry applications.
A New Bayesian Two-Sample t Test and Solution to the Behrens–Fisher Problem Based on Gaussian Mixture Modelling with Known Allocations
Authors: Kelter Riko 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTesting differences between a treatment and control group is common practice in biomedical research like randomized controlled trials (RCT). The standard two-samplettest relies on null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) viapvalues, which has several drawbacks. Bayesian alternatives were recently introduced using the Bayes factor, which has its own limitations. This paper introduces an alternative to current Bayesian two-samplettests by interpreting the underlying model as a two-component Gaussian mixture in which the effect size is the quantity of interest, which is most relevant in clinical research. Unlikepvalues or the Bayes factor, the proposed method focusses on estimation under uncertainty instead of explicit hypothesis testing. Therefore, via a Gibbs sampler, the posterior of the effect size is produced, which is used subsequently for either estimation under uncertainty or explicit hypothesis testing based on the region of practical equivalence (ROPE). An illustrative example, theoretical results and a simulation study show the usefulness of the proposed method, and the test is made available in the R package . In sum, the new Bayesian two-samplettest provides a solution to the Behrens–Fisher problem based on Gaussian mixture modelling.
Hierarchically Multifunctional Polyimide Composite Films with Strongly Enhanced Thermal Conductivity
Authors: Guo Yongqiang , Qiu Hua , Ruan Kunpeng , Zhang Yali , Gu Junwei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe development of lightweight and integration for electronics requires flexible films with high thermal conductivity and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding to overcome heat accumulation and electromagnetic radiation pollution. Herein, the hierarchical design and assembly strategy was adopted to fabricate hierarchically multifunctional polyimide composite films, with graphene oxide/expanded graphite (GO/EG) as the top thermally conductive and EMI shielding layer, Fe3O4/polyimide (Fe3O4/PI) as the middle EMI shielding enhancement layer and electrospun PI fibers as the substrate layer for mechanical improvement. PI composite films with 61.0 wt% of GO/EG and 23.8 wt% of Fe3O4/PI exhibits high in-plane thermal conductivity coefficient (95.40 W (m K)−1), excellent EMI shielding effectiveness (34.0 dB), good tensile strength (93.6 MPa) and fast electric-heating response (5 s). The test in the central processing unit verifies PI composite films present broad application prospects in electronics fields.
Implementation of a surgical site infection prevention bundle: Patient adherence and experience
Authors: Hockett Sherlock Stacey , Suh Daniel , Perencevich Eli , Reisinger Heather Schacht , Streit Judy , Frank Amy , Clore Gosia , Ohl Madeline , Speicher Dina , Herwaldt Loreen , Schweizer Marin L. 
Published: December 2021

Narrative Abstract
We evaluated barriers and facilitators to patient adherence with a bundled intervention including chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) bathing and decolonizing Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriers in a real-world setting. Survey data identified 85.5% adherence with home use of CHG as directed and 52.9% adherence with home use of mupirocin as directed.
Salvaging Marginalized Men: How the Department of Defense Waged the War on Poverty
Authors: WORSENCROFT JOHN 
Published: December 2021

AbstractArchitects of social welfare policy in the Kennedy and Johnson administrations viewed the military as a site for strengthening the male breadwinner as the head of the “traditional family.” Daniel Patrick Moynihan and Robert McNamara—men not often mentioned in the same conversations—both spoke of “salvaging” young men through military service. The Department of Defense created Project Transition, a vocational jobs-training program for GIs getting ready to leave the military, and Project 100,000, which lowered draft requirements in order to put men who were previously unqualified into the military. The Department of Defense also made significant moves to end housing discrimination in communities surrounding military installations. Policymakers were convinced that any extension of social welfare demanded reciprocal responsibility from its male citizens. During the longest peacetime draft in American history, policymakers viewed programs to expand civil rights and social welfare as also expanding the umbrella of the obligations of citizenship.
Understanding the antecedents of healthy and unhealthy weight control behaviours: Grit, motivation and self-control
Authors: Marentes-Castillo María , Castillo Isabel , Tomás Inés , Zamarripa Jorge , Alvarez Octavio 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjective:To understand the psychological antecedents or personal factors that lead to weight control behaviours that can help to develop more effective prevention strategies.Design:The present correlational study has a non-experimental, quantitative, cross-sectional design. A model was tested considering types of motivation (autonomous motivation, controlled motivation and amotivation) as mediators in the relationship between the Grit personality and healthy and unhealthy weight control behaviours, with self-control as a moderator in the aforementioned indirect effects.Setting:Monterrey (Nuevo León, México).Participants:A representative sample of 1219 adults (men = 599; women = 620) aged 18–65 years (M = 29·37, sd = 11·83).Results:Findings supported the mediator role of the types of motivation. Specifically, Grit showed a positive indirect effect on healthy weight control behaviours through autonomous motivation. Conversely, Grit showed a negative indirect effect on unhealthy weight control behaviours through autonomous motivation. Furthermore, findings supported the moderator role of self-control in the relationship between amotivation and healthy and unhealthy weight control behaviours.Conclusions:This study provides evidence for the key role of Grit in the adoption of healthy or unhealthy control behaviours, as well as the role of autonomous motivation in the development of healthy behaviours.
Welche Klimadimensionen misst der Linzer Fragebogen zum Schul- und Klassenklima für die 4. – 8. Klasse (LFSK 4 – 8; Eder, 2000)?
Authors: Hank Petra , Baltes-Götz Bernhard , Preckel Franzis 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung. Diese Studie prüfte die dimensionale Struktur des Linzer Fragebogens zum Schul- und Klassenklima für die 4. – 8. Klassenstufe (LFSK 4 – 8) auf der Ebene des Individual- und Klassenklimas. Die Kovarianzstruktur der Bewertungen des Klassenklimas durch 2 084 Schülerinnen und Schüler, gruppiert in 96 Schulklassen, wurde mittels eines Mehrebenen-Faktorenmodells modelliert. Die Ergebnisse zur Modellpassung unterstützen die von den Autoren des LFSK 4 – 8 postulierten Klimadimensionen Schülerzentriertheit, Lerngemeinschaft, Sozial- und Leistungsdruck sowie Rivalität und Störneigung, sowohl auf Individual- als auch auf Klassenebene. Alle Klimaelemente luden erwartungskonform auf diesen Dimensionen, die hoch miteinander korrelierten. Infolge fehlender metrischer Invarianz ist davon auszugehen, dass die Klimaelemente auf individueller Ebene der Schülerinnen und Schüler respektive auf Klassenebene verschieden bedeutsam sind.
Time Wasters?
Authors: Hughes Sara , Adhikari Joanna 
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The Dark Triad personality traits have previously been linked with dysfunctional types of procrastination (i.e., delaying certain tasks). From an evolutionary perspective, procrastination is recognized for facilitating a fast life history strategy. The present study investigated links between active and passive procrastination and the extended Dark Tetrad personality traits (psychopathy, Machiavellianism, narcissism, sadism). Participants ( N = 357) were invited via Prolific data collection platform and Survey Circle research sites to participate in an online survey exploring personality and procrastination. Path analyses revealed that all Dark Tetrad traits positively predicted several aspects of active procrastination only. Narcissism emerged as the only negative predictor of passive procrastination. Rather than linking these traits with dysfunctional procrastination types only, our results highlight the importance of considering the Dark Tetrad about functional forms of procrastination, which may be more beneficial for facilitating a fast life history strategy.
Urbanization Amplifies Nighttime Heat Stress on Warmer Days Over the US
Authors: Sarangi Chandan , Qian Yun , Li Jianfeng , Leung L. Ruby , Chakraborty T. C. , Liu Ying 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe impact of heat on human health is well‐recognized, with excess heat stress in urban areas (urban heat stress intensity, UHSI) adversely affecting rapidly growing urban populations. However, the physical associations of UHSI with urban heat island (UHI), urban‐induced change in moisture (UQI) and background temperature are not well understood. Multi‐year convection‐permitting simulations over the US show that UHI effect peaks during nighttime (2–5°C) but maximum UQI occurs in daytime (0.01–2 g kg−1), resulting in competing effects on UHSI. UHI dynamics dominate the diurnal variations in UHSI with intensified urban‐induced human discomfort during nighttime (3–5 hr day−1). UHSI is very sensitive to the background temperature, especially over the southeastern US, with distinct nightime UHSI amplification of ∼0.5 hr day−1 degree−1 rise in the background temperature. Spatial variability of UHSI is also dominated by the UHI with possible constrains from background moisture availability.
Off‐Equatorial Pi2 Pulsations Inside and Outside the Plasmapause Observed by the Arase Satellite
Authors: Teramoto M. , Miyoshi Y. , Matsuoka A. , Kasahara Y. , Kumamoto A. , Tsuchiya F. , Nosé M. , Imajo S. , Shoji M. , Nakamura S. , Kitahara M. , Shnohara I. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUsing magnetic field and electron density data from the Arase satellite for the period from March 2017 to September 2019, we investigate the spatial properties of Pi2 pulsations in relation to the plasmapause over a wide latitudinal range (absolute magnetic latitude, |Mlat|, < 45°) in the inner magnetosphere. Magnetic field disturbances that have high coherence (> 0.7) with Pi2 pulsations in the north‐south (H) component at low‐latitude ground stations on the nightside, are dominantly identified from the magnetic fields in the radial (BR) and compressional (BP) components when the satellite is in the pre‐midnight sector. In particular, high‐coherence BP events are distributed over wide L‐values and latitudinal ranges on the nightside in the pre‐midnight sector. We identify the location of the plasmapause using the electron densities measured by Arase, and found that the BP‐H power ratio and the cross phases of the high‐coherence events show a gradual peak and a clear phase change from 0° to 180° in the vicinity of the plasmapause, respectively. These features indicate that mid‐ and low‐latitude Pi2 pulsations on the nightside are excited by the plasmaspheric virtual resonance mode.
Nonlinear Signatures of VLF‐Triggered Emissions: A Simulation Study
Authors: Nogi Takeshi , Omura Yoshiharu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe conduct a particle‐in‐cell simulation reproducing triggering process of whistler‐mode rising‐tone emissions by injecting a wave with a fixed frequency at the equator. Rising‐tone elements with multiple subpackets with monotonically increasing frequencies are generated from the triggering wave. Generation regions of the subpackets move upstream or downstream depending on the group velocities and resonance velocities for different frequencies. Because of the motion of a source region to the upstream, a long rising‐tone subpacket is generated self‐sustainingly through formation of an electron hole in velocity phase space stretched over the generation region. The long rising‐tone subpacket is modulated with increasing magnitude, splitting into smaller subpackets through propagation. The amplitude modulations in the subpacket arise from two different processes; resonant trapping oscillation of electrons at the equatorial region and enhancement of amplitude variations through propagation in the downstream.
A Physical Model for Acoustic Noise Generated by Bedload Transport in Rivers
Authors: Nasr M. , Geay T. , Zanker S. , Recking A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMonitoring bedload transport is of interest for studying river morphology evolution and hydraulic structures stability (e.g., dams andbridges). Bedload self‐generated noise measured by hydrophones has been experimentally correlated to bedload flux in several studies. However, the lack of theoretical background linking the recorded acoustic noise to bedload and river characteristics has prevented a good understanding of the experimental results. Here, we develop a model of the acoustic noise generated by bedload transport in rivers. The model provides an estimation of the acoustic power generated by impacts of bedload particles with riverbed particles. In this model, we account for bedload kinematics (e.g., impact velocities, saltation length) and the environment in which acoustic wave is propagated (e.g., acoustic wave attenuation). Sensitivity analysis shows that the noise generated by bedload transport depends on the grain size distribution and river characteristics such as slope, water level, and propagation effects. We tested the model on a field data set comprising acoustic and direct bedload measurements from different rivers. The acoustic powers predicted by the model are consistent with field measurements for some rivers while questionable for other ones. The analysis has shown a great sensitivity of the model to bedload kinematics (in particular the way the grain velocity is computed) and riverbed grain size distribution. The model provides a first basis that can serve as a framework in future work concerned with acoustic measurements of bedload transport. However, the model is still imperfect and it is limited by today's knowledge of the physics of bedload transport.
Functional Lake‐to‐Channel Connectivity Impacts Lake Ice in the Colville Delta, Alaska
Authors: Dolan Wayana , Pavelsky Tamlin M. , Yang Xiao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWithin Arctic deltas, surficial hydrologic connectivity of lakes to nearby river channels influences physical processes like sediment transport and ice phenology as well as biogeochemical processes such as photochemistry. As the Arctic hydrologic cycle is impacted by climate change, it is important to quantify temporal variability in connectivity. However, current connectivity detection methods are either spatially limited due to data availability constraints or have been applied at only a single time. Additionally, the relationship between connectivity and lake ice is still poorly quantified. In this study, we present a multitemporal classification of functional lake connectivity in the Colville River Delta, Alaska. We introduce a connectivity detection algorithm based on remote sensing of high sediment river water recharge that is expandable to other high sediment Arctic deltas. We compare results to three existing data sets, producing 64.4%, 75.8%, and 85.2% lake classification accuracy. Mismatches between the data sets are often due to inconsistencies in methodology or definition of connectivity. Connectivity varies temporally in about 10% of studied lakes and correlates strongly with discharge and lake elevation, supporting the idea that future changes in discharge will be a driver of changes in connectivity. Highly connected lakes start and end ice break up an average of 26 and 17 days earlier, respectively, compared to lakes that are poorly connected. Because spring and summer ice conditions drive Arctic lake photochemistry processes, our research suggests that surface connectivity is an important parameter to consider when studying biogeochemistry of Arctic delta lakes.
Suitability of the Coralline Alga Clathromorphum compactum as an Arctic Archive for Past Sea Ice Cover
Authors: Leclerc Natasha , Halfar Jochen , Hetzinger Steffen , Chan Phoebe T. W. , Adey Walter , Tsay Alexandra , Brossier Eric , Kronz Andreas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractArctic sea ice cover has been steeply declining since the onset of satellite observations in the late 1970s. However, the available annually resolved sea ice data before this time are limited. Here, we evaluated the suitability of annual trace element (Mg/Ca) ratios and growth increments from the long‐lived annual increment‐forming benthic coralline red alga, Clathromorphum compactum, as high‐resolution sea ice cover archive. It has previously been shown that the growth of C. compactum is strongly light controlled and therefore greatly limited during the polar night and underneath sea ice cover. We compare algal data from 11 sites collected throughout the Canadian Arctic, Greenland, and Svalbard, with satellite sea ice data. Our results suggested that algal growth anomalies most often produced better correlations to sea ice concentration than Mg/Ca ratios or when averaging growth and Mg/Ca anomalies. High Arctic regions with persistently higher sea ice concentrations and shorter ice‐free seasons showed the strongest correlations between algal growth anomalies and satellite sea ice concentration over the study period (1979–2015). At sites where ice breakup took place before the return of sufficient solar irradiance, algal growth was most strongly tied to a combination of solar irradiance and other factors such as temperature, suspended sediments, phytoplankton blooms, and cloud cover. These data are the only annually resolved in situ marine proxy data known to date and are of utmost importance to gain a better understanding of the sea ice system and to project future sea ice conditions.
Exploiting a Y chromosome-linked Cas9 for sex selection and gene drive
Authors: Gamez Stephanie , Chaverra-Rodriguez Duverney , Buchman Anna , Kandul Nikolay P. , Mendez-Sanchez Stelia C. , Bennett Jared B. , Sánchez C. Héctor M. , Yang Ting , Antoshechkin Igor , Duque Jonny E. , Papathanos Philippos A. , Marshall John M. , Akbari Omar S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCRISPR-based genetic engineering tools aimed to bias sex ratios, or drive effector genes into animal populations, often integrate the transgenes into autosomal chromosomes. However, in species with heterogametic sex chromsomes (e.g. XY, ZW), sex linkage of endonucleases could be beneficial to drive the expression in a sex-specific manner to produce genetic sexing systems, sex ratio distorters, or even sex-specific gene drives, for example. To explore this possibility, here we develop a transgenic line of Drosophila melanogaster expressing Cas9 from the Y chromosome. We functionally characterize the utility of this strain for both sex selection and gene drive finding it to be quite effective. To explore its utility for population control, we built mathematical models illustrating its dynamics as compared to other state-of-the-art systems designed for both population modification and suppression. Taken together, our results contribute to the development of current CRISPR genetic control tools and demonstrate the utility of using sex-linked Cas9 strains for genetic control of animals.
Elevated growth and biomass along temperate forest edges
Authors: Morreale Luca L. , Thompson Jonathan R. , Tang Xiaojing , Reinmann Andrew B. , Hutyra Lucy R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFragmentation transforms the environment along forest edges. The prevailing narrative, driven by research in tropical systems, suggests that edge environments increase tree mortality and structural degradation resulting in net decreases in ecosystem productivity. We show that, in contrast to tropical systems, temperate forest edges exhibit increased forest growth and biomass with no change in total mortality relative to the forest interior. We analyze >48,000 forest inventory plots across the north-eastern US using a quasi-experimental matching design. At forest edges adjacent to anthropogenic land covers, we report increases of 36.3% and 24.1% in forest growth and biomass, respectively. Inclusion of edge impacts increases estimates of forest productivity by up to 23% in agriculture-dominated areas, 15% in the metropolitan coast, and +2% in the least-fragmented regions. We also quantify forest fragmentation globally, at 30-m resolution, showing that temperate forests contain 52% more edge forest area than tropical forests. Our analyses upend the conventional wisdom of forest edges as less productive than intact forest and call for a reassessment of the conservation value of forest fragments.