bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PCSK9 Inhibition-Based Therapeutic Approaches: An Immunotherapy Perspective
Authors: Momtazi-Borojeni Amir Abbas , Pirro Matteo , Xu Suowen , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: October 2021

Abstract:Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors (PCSK9-I) are novel therapeutic tools to decrease cardiovascular risk. These agents work by lowering the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in hypercholesterolemic patients who are statin resistant/intolerant. Current clinically approved and investigational PCSK9- I act generally by blocking PCSK9 activity in the plasma or suppressing its expression or secretion by hepatocytes. The most widely investigated method is the disruption of PCSK9/LDL receptor (LDLR) interaction by fully-humanized monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), evolocumab and alirocumab, which have been approved for the therapy of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). Besides, a small interfering RNA called inclisiran, which specifically suppresses PCSK9 expression in hepatocytes, is as effective as mAbs but with administration twice a year. Because of the high costs of such therapeutic approaches, several other PCSK9-I have been surveyed, including peptide-based anti-PCSK9 vaccines and small oral anti-PCSK9 molecules, which are under investigation in preclinical and phase I clinical studies. Interestingly, anti-PCSK9 vaccination has been found to serve as a more widely feasible and more cost-effective therapeutic tool over mAb PCSK9-I for managing hypercholesterolemia. The present review will discuss LDL-lowering and cardioprotective effects of PCSK9-I, mainly immunotherapy- based inhibitors including mAbs and vaccines, in preclinical and clinical studies.
The FIFA 11+ Injury Prevention Program Still not Implemented by the Majority of Professional and Semi-professional Soccer Players and Coaches Globally
Authors: Al Attar Wesam Saleh A. , Alarifi Saud , Alramadhani Ibrahim , Aljabri Majed , Alyami Mashaer , Alsufiany Muhsen , Alzhrani Msaad , Ghulam Hussain S. 
Published: October 2021

Background:
The Fédération International de Football Association (FIFA) has promoted and deployed the FIFA 11+ injury prevention program worldwide. Developed by the FIFA Medical Assessment and Research Centre (F-MARC), the program relied on the results of an international randomized controlled trial that aimed to reduce sport-related injuries and healthcare costs.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to assess the awareness level, implementation rate, and opinions about the effectiveness of the FIFA 11+ Injury Prevention Program among professional and semi-professional soccer players and coaches worldwide.

Methods:
In all, 2000 professional and semi-professional soccer players and coaches were invited to complete a self-administered questionnaire. Several authors, who are experts in sports medicine and injury prevention, participated in developing the questionnaire. The primary outcomes were awareness level, implementation rate, and opinion on the FIFA 11+ Program’s effectiveness in reducing injuries.

Results:
A total of 1690 professional and semi-professional soccer players and coaches completed the survey (response rate: 84.5%). A total of 824 professional and semi-professional soccer players and coaches (48.8%) were aware of the FIFA 11+ Program, and 680 (83.8%) reported implementing the program in their practice. The participants who implemented the program reported a positive attitude toward the program’s efficacy, with a score of 8.20 ± 1.10 out of 10.

Conclusion:
More than half of professional and semi-professional soccer players and coaches from different continents are not aware of the FIFA 11+ Injury Prevention Program. Therefore, educating players and coaches is necessary for increased implementation and injury reduction.
Research on Position Recognition and Control Method of Single-leg Joint of Hydraulic Quadruped Robot
Authors: Gao Bingwei , Guan Hao , Tang Wenming , Han Wenlong , Xue Shilong 
Published: October 2021

:
In order to obtain the precise mathematical model of the position control system of the
hydraulic quadruped robot, and to meet the requirements of the system parameters in different stages
of motion, this paper studies the position control system of the single-leg joint of the hydraulic
quadruped robot: First of all, this paper uses the closed-loop indirect identification method to identify
the position of the leg joints of the hydraulic quadruped robot to obtain the mathematical model
of the system; And then, the speed PID control algorithm and speed planning algorithm are designed,
so that the system can quickly respond to the changes of system input according to the requirements
of different speeds; Finally, the joint position control system of the hydraulic quadruped
robot is simulated and verified by experiments.

Background:
The mathematical model of the positioning system of the hydraulic quadruped robot is
clear, but the parameters in the model have the characteristics of uncertainty and time-variation. In
the joint position control system of a hydraulic quadruped robot, different motion stages have different
requirements for system parameters.

Objective:
The purpose of this study is to obtain the precise mathematical model of the position control
system of the hydraulic quadruped robot and to meet the requirements of the system parameters
in different stages of motion.

Methods:
This research takes the hydraulic quadruped robot single-leg system as the research object
and uses the closed-loop indirect identification method to identify the position of the leg joints of
the hydraulic quadruped robot to obtain the mathematical model of the system. Then, the speed PID
control method is designed and compared with the ordinary PID control by taking the positioning control
accuracy of the robot before touching the ground as a standard to carry out the controlled trial.

Results:
In this research, the identification method and control algorithm are designed, and finally,
the simulation and experimental research are carried out. The results of the simulation and experiment
verify the correctness of the identification method and the effectiveness of the control algorithm.

Conclusion:
First of all, this paper uses the closed-loop indirect identification method to identify the
position of the leg joints of the hydraulic quadruped robot to obtain the mathematical model of the
system. Then, the speed PID control algorithm and speed planning algorithm are designed so that
the system can quickly respond to the changes of system input according to the requirements of different
speeds.
Multiparameter Continuous Physiological Monitoring Technologies in Neonates Among Health Care Providers and Caregivers at a Private Tertiary Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya: Feasibility, Usability, and Acceptability Study
Authors: Ginsburg Amy Sarah , Kinshella Mai-Lei Woo , Naanyu Violet , Rigg Jessica , Chomba Dorothy , Coleman Jesse , Hwang Bella , Ochieng Roseline , Ansermino J Mark , Macharia William M 
Published: October 2021

Background
Continuous physiological monitoring technologies are important for strengthening hospital care for neonates, particularly in resource-constrained settings, and understanding user perspectives is critical for informing medical technology design, development, and optimization.

Objective
This study aims to assess the feasibility, usability, and acceptability of 2 noninvasive, multiparameter, continuous physiological monitoring technologies for use in neonates in an African health care setting.

Methods
We assessed 2 investigational technologies from EarlySense and Sibel, compared with the reference Masimo Rad-97 technology through in-depth interviews and direct observations. A purposive sample of health care administrators, health care providers, and caregivers at Aga Khan University Hospital, a tertiary, private hospital in Nairobi, Kenya, were included. Data were analyzed using a thematic approach in NVivo 12 software.

Results
Between July and August 2020, we interviewed 12 health care providers, 5 health care administrators, and 10 caregivers and observed the monitoring of 12 neonates. Staffing and maintenance of training in neonatal units are important feasibility considerations, and simple training requirements support the feasibility of the investigational technologies. Key usability characteristics included ease of use, wireless features, and reduced number of attachments connecting the neonate to the monitoring technology, which health care providers considered to increase the efficiency of care. The main factors supporting acceptability included caregiver-highlighted perceptions of neonate comfort and health care respondent technology familiarity. Concerns about the side effects of wireless connections, electromagnetic fields, and mistrust of unfamiliar technologies have emerged as possible acceptability barriers to investigational technologies.

Conclusions
Overall, respondents considered the investigational technologies feasible, usable, and acceptable for the care of neonates at this health care facility. Our findings highlight the potential of different multiparameter continuous physiological monitoring technologies for use in different neonatal care settings. Simple and user-friendly technologies may help to bridge gaps in current care where there are many neonates; however, challenges in maintaining training and ensuring feasibility within resource-constrained health care settings warrant further research.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035184
Computerized Clinical Decision Support Systems for the Early Detection of Sepsis Among Adult Inpatients: Scoping Review
Authors: Ackermann Khalia , Baker Jannah , Green Malcolm , Fullick Mary , Varinli Hilal , Westbrook Johanna , Li Ling 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundSepsis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early detection of sepsis followed promptly by treatment initiation improves patient outcomes and saves lives. Hospitals are increasingly using computerized clinical decision support (CCDS) systems for the rapid identification of adult patients with sepsis.ObjectiveThis scoping review aims to systematically describe studies reporting on the use and evaluation of CCDS systems for the early detection of adult inpatients with sepsis.MethodsThe protocol for this scoping review was previously published. A total of 10 electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, the Cochrane database, LILACS [Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature], Scopus, Web of Science, OpenGrey, ClinicalTrials.gov, and PQDT [ProQuest Dissertations and Theses]) were comprehensively searched using terms for sepsis, CCDS, and detection to identify relevant studies. Title, abstract, and full-text screening were performed by 2 independent reviewers using predefined eligibility criteria. Data charting was performed by 1 reviewer with a second reviewer checking a random sample of studies. Any disagreements were discussed with input from a third reviewer. In this review, we present the results for adult inpatients, including studies that do not specify patient age.ResultsA search of the electronic databases retrieved 12,139 studies following duplicate removal. We identified 124 studies for inclusion after title, abstract, full-text screening, and hand searching were complete. Nearly all studies (121/124, 97.6%) were published after 2009. Half of the studies were journal articles (65/124, 52.4%), and the remainder were conference abstracts (54/124, 43.5%) and theses (5/124, 4%). Most studies used a single cohort (54/124, 43.5%) or before-after (42/124, 33.9%) approach. Across all 124 included studies, patient outcomes were the most frequently reported outcomes (107/124, 86.3%), followed by sepsis treatment and management (75/124, 60.5%), CCDS usability (14/124, 11.3%), and cost outcomes (9/124, 7.3%). For sepsis identification, the systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria were the most commonly used, alone (50/124, 40.3%), combined with organ dysfunction (28/124, 22.6%), or combined with other criteria (23/124, 18.5%). Over half of the CCDS systems (68/124, 54.8%) were implemented alongside other sepsis-related interventions.ConclusionsThe current body of literature investigating the implementation of CCDS systems for the early detection of adult inpatients with sepsis is extremely diverse. There is substantial variability in study design, CCDS criteria and characteristics, and outcomes measured across the identified literature. Future research on CCDS system usability, cost, and impact on sepsis morbidity is needed.International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)RR2-10.2196/24899
Online Patient Education Materials Related to Lipoprotein(a): Readability Assessment
Authors: Pearson Keon , Ngo Summer , Ekpo Eson , Sarraju Ashish , Baird Grayson , Knowles Joshua , Rodriguez Fatima 
Published: October 2021

Background
Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is a highly proatherogenic lipid fraction that is a clinically significant risk modifier. Patients wanting to learn more about Lp(a) are likely to use online patient educational materials (OPEMs). However, the readability of OPEMs may exceed the health literacy of the public.

Objective
This study aims to assess the readability of OPEMs related to Lp(a). We hypothesized that the readability of these online materials would exceed the sixth grade level recommended by the American Medical Association.

Methods
Using an online search engine, we queried the top 20 search results from 10 commonly used Lp(a)-related search terms to identify a total of 200 websites. We excluded duplicate websites, advertised results, research journal articles, or non–patient-directed materials, such as those intended only for health professionals or researchers. Grade level readability was calculated using 5 standard readability metrics (automated readability index, SMOG index, Coleman-Liau index, Gunning Fog score, Flesch-Kincaid score) to produce robust point (mean) and interval (CI) estimates of readability. Generalized estimating equations were used to model grade level readability by each search term, with the 5 readability scores nested within each OPEM.

Results
A total of 27 unique websites were identified for analysis. The average readability score for the aggregated results was a 12.2 (95% CI 10.9798-13.3978) grade level. OPEMs were grouped into 6 categories by primary source: industry, lay press, research foundation and nonprofit organizations, university or government, clinic, and other. The most readable category was OPEMs published by universities or government agencies (9.0, 95% CI 6.8-11.3). The least readable OPEMs on average were the ones published by the lay press (13.0, 95% CI 11.2-14.8). All categories exceeded the sixth grade reading level recommended by the American Medical Association.

Conclusions
Lack of access to readable OPEMs may disproportionately affect patients with low health literacy. Ensuring that online content is understandable by broad audiences is a necessary component of increasing the impact of novel therapeutics and recommendations regarding Lp(a).
Mechanical ventilation in patients with severe traumatic brain injury: modern guidelines review
Authors: Krishtafor D.A. , Klygunenko O.M. , Kravets O.V. , Yekhalov V.V. , Liashchenko O.V. 
Published: October 2021

Traumatic brain injury is the most common group of injuries among victims admitted to the emergency departments. Up to 20 % of individuals with brain damage require endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation, the duration of which is significantly longer than in non-neurological patients. Such patients have a higher incidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome and ventilator-associated pneumonia, and weaning and extubation are associated with significant difficulties. However, patients with traumatic brain injury are often excluded from randomized trials, and international guidelines for the treatment of severe traumatic brain injury do not provide clear ventilation strategies. Analysis of the literature allowed us to identify modern principles of respiratory support in severe traumatic brain injury, which include: tracheal intubation in Glasgow coma scale score of ≤ 8 points; early mechanical ventilation; PaO2 in the range of 80–120 mm Hg (SaO2 ≥ 95 %), PaCO2 — 35–45 mm Hg; tidal volume ≤ 8 ml/kg; respiratory rate ≈ 20/min; PEEP ≥ 5 cm H2O; head elevation by 30°; sedation in poor synchronization with the respirator; weaning from the respirator through the use of support ventilation modes; extubation when reaching 3 points on the VISAGE scale; early (up to 4 days) tracheostomy in predicted extubation failure.
Sex, social interaction and food consumption: “The Eva effect” / Género, interacción social y consumo de alimento: “El efecto Eva”
Authors: López-Espinoza Antonio , Martínez Moreno Alma Gabriela , Aguilera Cervantes Virginia Gabriela , De la Torre-Ibarra Carolina , Cárdenas-Villalvazo Asucena , Valdés Miramontes Elia , Macías Macías Alejandro , Santoyo Telles Felipe , Barragán Carmona María Del Carmen 
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Several elements provide information for food consumption, among them: flavor, texture and temperature. These elements related to environmental characteristics and experience integrate the feeding behavior. Experimental evidence suggests that sex and social interaction are important factors for food consumption. This study evaluated effects of sex and social interaction on food consumption. Additionally, our proposal is to use Behavioral Catalogue of Feeding Interaction (BCFI). Twenty-four human subjects, both sexes, between 20 and 28 years-old, which were not known between them, were exposed to different familiar and novel foods, evaluating the feeding interaction. Subjects were divided in three groups. First group was formed by man, second by woman; and third group by subjects of both sexes. Data suggest that group 1 and 2 registered similar food consumption in comparison with the group 3 that registered a little consumption. A strong influence of women was registered on men to stimulate its food consumption, phenomenon that was denominated “Eva Effect”. We conclude that sex is an important factor in the study of feeding phenomenon. Key words: food consumption, sex, feeding interaction, Eva effect. Resumen. Diversos elementos proporcionan la información necesaria para el consumo de alimentos, entre ellos: el sabor, la textura y temperatura. Sin embargo, se requiere de su vinculación con la experiencia y las características ambientales para integrar el comportamiento alimentario. La evidencia experimental sugiere que el sexo y la interacción social son factores importantes para el consumo de alimentos. Esta investigación evaluó los efectos del género y de la interacción social sobre el consumo de alimentos. Adicionalmente, para tal objetivo se propone el uso del Catálogo Conductual de Interacción Alimentaria (CCIA). Participaron veinticuatro individuos de ambos sexos, entre 20 y 28 años, desconocidos entre ellos, fueron expuestos a diversos alimentos usuales y novedosos evaluando su interacción alimentaria. Los participantes fueron divididos en tres grupos. El grupo 1 fue integrado por hombres, el grupo 2 por mujeres y el grupo 3 por ambos géneros. Los resultados mostraron que el grupo 1 y 2 consumieron cantidades similares de alimento en comparación con el grupo 3 que presentó un escaso consumo. Se registró una fuerte influencia de las mujeres sobre los hombres para promover su consumo de alimento, fenómeno que fue denominado como “Efecto Eva”. Concluimos que el género es un importante factor en el estudio del fenómeno alimentario. Palabras clave: consumo de alimento, género, interacción alimentaria, efecto Eva
Psychometric properties of the Inventory of Peer Influence on Eating Concerns / Propiedades psicométricas del Inventario de Influencia de Pares sobre la Preocupación Alimentaria
Authors: Amaya Hernández Adriana , Mancilla Díaz Juan Manuel , Alvarez Rayón Georgina L. , Ortega Luyando Mayaro , Bautista Díaz Ma. Leticia 
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The aim of this research was to know the psychometric properties of the Inventory of Peer Influence on Eating Concerns in Mexican female and male population among 10 and 19 years old. The sample was non-probabilistic, composed by 917 participants (females 498 and males 419). After three testing pilots it was necessary to carried out two versions, one for each gender. Cronbach's alpha of .94 was obtained for female and .92 for male version. The exploratory factor analysis yielded three factors, which are: messages, likability with peers of the opposite sex and interaction with peers of the same sex, however it is worthy to note that these two versions are not comparable. Finally, a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted for each version, female and male, which confirmed the factorial model proposed in the exploratory analysis. Based on these results it is possible to conclude that both versions of this inventory are a useful tool to evaluate peer influence on eating concerns. Key words: Eating Disorders, sociocultural influence, body image, adolescents. Resumen. El propósito del presente estudio fue conocer las propiedades psicométricas del Inventario de Influencia de Pares sobre la Preocupación Alimentaria en mujeres y hombres mexicanos de entre 10 y 19 años de edad. La muestra fue no probabilística de tipo intencional, conformada por 917 participantes (498 mujeres y 419 hom- bres). Se realizaron tres piloteos, a partir de estos se consideró necesario derivar dos versiones, una para cada sexo. Se obtuvo un alpha de Cronbach de .94 y .92 para la versión femenina y masculina, respectivamente. El análisis factorial exploratorio arrojó tres factores, los cuales son: mensajes, popularidad con el sexo opuesto e interacción con pares del mismo sexo, es preciso señalar que a pesar de ello ambas versiones no son equiparables. Finalmente, se realizó un análisis factorial con- firmatorio para cada versión, femenina y masculina, que corroboró el modelo factorial propuesto en el análisis exploratorio. A partir de los resultados obtenidos es posible concluir que ambas versiones del inventario constituyen una herramienta útil para evaluar la influencia de pares sobre la preocupación alimentaria. Palabras clave: Trastornos del comportamiento alimentario, influencia sociocultural, imagen corporal, adolescentes.