bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Развитие человеческого потенциала, социальная политика и электронное гражданское участие в российских регионах
Authors: Кабанов Юрий Андреевич , Чугунов Андрей Владимирович 
Published: March 2021

Человеческий потенциал, социальная политика и электронное гражданское участие взаимообусловлены. С одной стороны, грамотное социальное инвестирование в человеческое развитие – важное условие появления спроса на механизмы участия со стороны граждан, что в свою очередь усиливает готовность органов власти к внедрению инноваций. С другой стороны, электронное участие само по себе является воплощением социального инвестирования, направленным на усиление «обратной связи» общества по вопросам реализации социально-экономической политики. В статье тестируется данная взаимосвязь применительно к российским регионам. За последние годы в России появилось большое количество площадок электронного участия. Однако исследователи часто отмечают их недостаточную эффективность, а также существенные диспропорции в их развитии на региональном уровне. С помощью авторской методики оценки нами были получены данные о представленности и функциональном развитии каналов электронного участия в субъектах РФ. Полученные показатели были использованы в количественном исследовании. Результаты корреляционного и регрессионного анализа свидетельствуют о значимости человеческого потенциала и социальной ориентированности бюджетов регионов для развития электронного участия по сравнению с другими потенциальными предикторами: развитием политических институтов, качеством государственного управления, а также расходами на ИКТ. Нельзя утверждать, что человеческое развитие с неизбежностью приводит к росту «спроса» на электронное участие со стороны граждан или «предложения» подобных механизмов со стороны органов власти. Однако наш анализ позволяет сделать вывод о важности социальной политики для его развития: помимо вложений в цифровую инфраструктуру, необходимо активное социальное инвестирование в человеческий потенциал. К возможным направлениям инвестиций здесь можно отнести выравнивание возможностей через повышение качества жизни незащищенных социальных групп, развитие социальных программ для активного населения, выравнивание региональных диспропорций, а также инвестирование в цифровые компетенции граждан и общественные инициативы.
Региональные системы социального предпринимательства в России: типология, факторы развития, ключевые противоречия
Authors: Смирнов Владимир Алексеевич 
Published: March 2021

В России в последнее десятилетие актуализируется дискуссия вокруг социального предпринимательства, основу которой составляет проблематика более эффективного (по сравнению с бюджетными организациями) решения социальных проблем. Основными акторами, которые претендуют на статус социального предпринимателя, выступают социально ориентированные некоммерческие организации и субъекты малого и среднего бизнеса. В российских регионах формируется три механизма институциализации социального предпринимательства. Первый связан с развитием системы социальных инвестиций как со стороны государства, так и со стороны крупного бизнеса. Второй – с попыткой российского правительства включить негосударственные организации в систему государственной социальной политики через участие в предоставлении социальных услуг населению. Третий – с нормативным закреплением статуса социального предприятия. Ими должны стать субъекты малого и среднего бизнеса, реализующие социальную миссию. В статье анализируются особенности реализации двух первых механизмов в российских регионах. Важность рассмотрения социального предпринимательства через региональную призму связана с тем, что сегодня российские регионы развиваются неравномерно. В качестве информационной базы исследования автор использует собранные им данные, характеризующие систему государственных и негосударственных социальных инвестиций в России, а также региональные реестры поставщиков социальных услуг. На основе кластерного анализа осуществляется типология российских регионов с точки зрения развитости региональных социально-предпринимательских систем. Делается вывод о конкуренции социально ориентированных некоммерческих организаций и субъектов малого и среднего бизнеса на рынке социально-предпринимательских услуг. Развитие социально-предпринимательских практик в российских регионах характеризуется как низкое, выделяются три фактора, влияющих на такое положение дел: социально-экономическое развитие конкретного региона, уровень социальных инвестиций, наличие и эффективность институтов поддержки социального предпринимательства (таких как центры инноваций социальной сферы). Выявлен ряд непреднамеренных последствий государственной политики в России, которые тормозят развитие социального предпринимательства. Наиболее значимыми из них являются: укрепление межсекторных границ между некоммерческим сектором и бизнес-сообществом, снижение мотивации предпринимателей для развития социально-предпринимательских практик, доминирование бюджетных организаций на рынке социальных услуг.
COVID-19 Hastalarında Akut Solunum Sıkıntısı Sendromu Yönetimi
Authors: KARABACAK Pınar , KIRDEMİR Pakize 
Published: March 2021

Covid 19, koronovirüsün, şiddetli akut solunum sıkıntısı sendromuna neden olduğu bulaşıcı bir hastalıktır. İlk vaka 2019'da Çin'in Wuhan kentinde tespit edildi. Hastalık o zamandan beri dünya çapında yayılarak bir pandemiye yol açtı.
Çoğu insan hafif ila orta şiddette semptomlara sahip olsa da, hastaların % 5'i kritik semptomlara (ARDS, şok, çoklu organ yetmezliği) sahiptir. Kalp hastalığı, hipertansiyon, diyabet ve kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı gibi mevcut sağlık koşullarına sahip kişiler ve bağışıklık sistemi zayıflamış kişiler, daha ciddi komplikasyonlar için daha yüksek risk altındadır.
Akut solunum sıkıntısı sendromu (ARDS), akciğerlerde hızlı başlayan yaygın inflamasyon ile karakterize bir solunum yetmezliği türüdür. Koronavirüsün neden olduğu hastalık olan COVID-19, pnömoni gibi akciğer komplikasyonlarına ve şiddetli vakalarda akut solunum sıkıntısı sendromuna (ARDS) neden olabilir. Bu duruma COVID-19 ile ilişkili akut solunum sıkıntısı sendromu (CARDS) denir. CARDS' a özgü mekanizmalar ve komorbiditeler mevcuttur ve bazı yönleri ile atipik bir ARDS olduğu düşünülebilir.
Önemli olarak, CARDS için spesifik kanıta dayalı tıbbi müdahaleler şu anda mevcut değildir ve tedavi çabaları çoğunlukla destekleyici YBÜ bakımı ile sınırlıdır.
CARDS yönetimi, önemli klinik ikilemler ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Şu anda hastalığa özgü tedavi yaklaşımının bulunmadığı spesifik CARDS durumunda, önleyici tedbirlerin özel bir önemi olduğu görülmektedir. Bu derlemede, altta yatan pulmoner patofizyolojiyi ve CARDS'ın klinik yönetimini tartışacağız.
Rayleigh-Wave Amplitude Uncertainty across the Global Seismographic Network and Potential Implications for Global Tomography
Authors: Ringler Adam T. , Anthony Robert E. , Dalton Colleen A. , Wilson David C. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
The Global Seismographic Network (GSN) is a multiuse, globally distributed seismic network used by seismologists, to both characterize earthquakes and study the Earth’s interior. Most stations in the network have two collocated broadband seismometers, which enable network operators to identify potential metadata and sensor issues. In this study, we investigate the accuracy with which surface waves can be measured across the GSN, by comparing waveforms of vertical-component Rayleigh waves from Mw 6 and larger events between collocated sensor pairs. We calculate both the amplitude deviation and correlation coefficient between waveforms at sensor pairs. In total, we make measurements on over 670,000 event–station pairs from events that occurred from 1 January 2010 to 1 January 2020. We find that the average sensor-pair amplitude deviation, and, therefore, GSN calibration level, is, approximately, 4% in the 25–250 s period band. Although, we find little difference in sensor-pair amplitude deviations as a function of period across the entire network, the amount of useable data decreases rapidly as a function of increasing period. For instance, we determined that just over 12% of records at 250 s period provided useable recordings (e.g., sensor-pair amplitude deviations of less than 20% and sensor-pair correlation greater than 0.95). We then use these amplitude-estimate deviations to identify how data coverage and quality could be limiting our ability to invert for whole Earth 3D attenuation models. We find an increase in the variance of our attenuation models with increasing period. For example, our degree 12 attenuation inversion at 250 s period shows 32% more variance than our degree 12 attenuation model at 25 s. This indicates that discrepancies of deep-mantle tomography between studies could be the result of these large uncertainties. Because these high uncertainties arise from limited, high-quality observations of long-period (&gt;100  s) surface waves, improving data quality at remote GSN sites could greatly improve ray-path coverage, and facilitate more accurate and higher resolution models of deep Earth structure.
Aplicativos de Mensagens Instantâneas em Contextos de Aprendizagem
Authors: Marques Josemeyre Bonifácio da Silva , De Godoi e Silva Katia Alexandra 
Published: March 2021

ResumoO ensino a distância assumiu um papel fundamental com a Pandemia causada pelo coronavírus. Dessa forma, os aplicativos de mensagens instantâneas deixaram de ser apenas formas de comunicação social e assumiram papel importante dentro do contexto do ensino e aprendizagem. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo fazer uma análise crítica das evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre a utilização de aplicativos de mensagem instantânea em contextos de aprendizagem. Para o recorte deste estudo se construiu a revisão integrativa da literatura, e com o levantamento bibliográfico. através da base de dados do Portal de Periódicos CAPES, com termos de busca: “instant messaging application and andragogy. Foram selecionados cinco artigos que tratavam dos seguintes aplicativos: Line, Telegram, WeChat e WhatsApp. Os artigos e as análises revelam, de modo geral, que os aplicativos de mensagem instantânea podem ser utilizados para disseminar informações; contribuir para a aprendizagem de alunos; promover mudanças no comportamento; melhorar a permanência dos estudantes em estudos; atuar como uma plataforma de ensino e aprendizagem colaborativa.
Palavras-chave: WhatsApp. WeChat. Line, Andragogia, Ensino Superior.
AbstractDistance learning has taken on a fundamental role with the pandemic caused by the coronavirus. Therefore, instant messaging applications are no longer just forms of social communication and have assumed an important role within the teaching and learning context. The present work aimed to make a critical analysis of the evidence available in the literature on the use of instant messaging applications in learning contexts. For the cutoff of this study, an integrative literature review was carried out, and with the bibliographic survey through the CAPES Journal Portal database with search terms “instant messaging application and andragogy”. Five articles were selected that dealt with the following Applications: Line, Telegram, WeChat and WhatsApp applications. Articles and analyzes reveal, in general, that the use of instant messaging applications can be used to disseminate information; contribute to student learning; promote changes in behavior; improve students' stay in studies; act as a collaborative teaching and learning platform.
Keywords: WhatsApp. Wechat. Line. Andragogy. Higher Education
A study on the prevalence of ocular disorders among school going children in the age group of 5 to 12 years
Authors: A Haleema , N Vasantha , K P Raheena , P S Parvathy , Haneef Mohammed 
Published: March 2021

The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of various ocular disorders among school going children in the age group of 5 to12 years.: Vision screening is crucial for early detection of ocular disorders among young children thereby preventing the risk of uncorrectable dimunition of vision. Hence, our programme is planned as early detection of the causative factors in the childhood period and most effectively treat as early as possible.The purpose of the screening programme is to identify various ocular diseases in children like refractive errors, amblyopia, defective color vision, lid and adnexal disorders, vitamin A deficiency, allergic conjuctivitis, glaucoma, cataract and squint. Identification of such problems and its correction in early stage is crucial for their normal growth.A school based prospective cross sectional study design was adopted to examine children aged 5–12 years in randomly selected schools of Kollam district from January 2020 to March 2020. In this cross-sectional study, two Optometrist and two Ophthalmologist and other supportive staffs screened 3100 school children aged 5 to 12 years for vision and external eye examination. An Optometrist did the visual acuity testing and refraction. Detailed ophthalmic examination was done by an Ophthalmologist. The pattern of visual acuity, colour vision and ocular disorders were studied. Children needing further assessment were referred to the hospital and analysis of the data and data entry done using Microsoft office excel 2016 with Statistical software: R software (EZR 1.32).: A total number of 3100 students from 11 different schools were examined, 1570 of whom were males, and 1530 were females. The commonest eye disorder was refractive error 16.6% (514) in which most common was myopic astigmatism 78.2% (402) of which 322 were against the rule and 80 were with the rule astigmatism, followed by simple myopia 15.2%(78) simple hypermetropia 4.7%(25) and hypermetropic astigmatism 1.7%(9). Of these spectacles usage was found to be present only in 81.3% (418) students, rest 18.7%(96) were not aware of the refractive error. Next common eye disorder was allergic conjunctivitis 1.6%(49).Squint was present in 1.4%(42) children. Corneal opacity was present in 0.26%(8), defective color vision was there in 0.2%(6); lids and adnexal disorders 0.13%(4) and cataract 0.03%(1). There were no students with congenital anomalies, congenital glaucoma or Vitamin A deficiency.Uncorrected refractive error is the most common visual impairment found in school going children. There is a need to set up a regular school vision-screening programme to detect ocular disorders in order to prevent the burden on society on long term. Since most of this morbidity is either preventable or completely treatable, school screening is an effective method to reduce this burden.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP HAK-HAK ANAK ATAS PENDIDIKAN PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 [The Legal Protection of Children's Right to Education during the Covid-19 Pandemic]
Authors: Phillo Cynthia , Arteja Hessa , Rizqi M Faiz 
Published: March 2021

<p><em>Children as the forerunners of the successor to the future Indonesia nation make children individuals who become priorities in holding the right to education. The law itself has governed the rights that a child must have, including the right to get a proper education. Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic, the government finds it difficult in providing legal protection for a proper education rights of children. By using normative legal method, this paper will explain how the legal protection of children’s rights over education during the COVID-19 Pandemic that’s happening and how the government’s role is in fulfilling childern’s rights in getitng an education.</em></p><p><strong>Bahasa Indonesia Abstrak: </strong>Anak sebagai cikal bakal penerus bangsa Indonesia menjadikan anak sebagai individu yang menjadi prioritas dalam memegang hak pendidikan. Undang-undang sendiri telah mengatur tentang hak-hak yang harus diteirma oleh anak, termasuk hak dalam pendidikan. Karena Pandemi COVID-19 yang terjadi, menambah kesulitan bagi pemerintah untuk memberikan perilundungan hukum bagi hak anak atas pendidikan. Dengan menggunakan penelitian hukum normatif, tulisan ini akan menjelaskan bagaimana perlindungan hukum hak anak atas pendidikan pada masa Pandemi COVID-19 yang sedang tejadi dan bagaimana peran negara dalam memenuhi hak anak dalam mendapat pendidikan.</p>
PENGARUH ISLAMIC CORPORATE GOVERNANCE TERHADAP KINERJA BANK SYARIAH: STUDI EMPIRIS INDONESIA DAN MALAYSIA
Authors: Billah Faris Achmad Muhtadin , Fianto Bayu Arie 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh karakteristik Islamic corporate governance terhadap kinerja bank syariah di Indonesia dan Malaysia. Dengan menggunakan regresi data panel 28 bank syariah di Indonesia dan Malaysia periode 2013-2019, penelitian ini menemukan adanya pengaruh Islamic corporate governance (ICG) secara simultan terhadap kinerja bank syariah. Hasil estimasi dengan dan tanpa variabel kontrol menunjukkan hanya variabel tingkat pendidikan Dewan Pengawas Syariah (DPS) yang konsisten memiliki pengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap kinerja bank syariah. Dengan menambahkan variabel kontrol, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel gender diversity dan frekuensi rapat DPS masing-masing berpengaruh positif dan negatif terhadap kinerja bank syariah. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan wawasan bagi regulator untuk dapat meningkatkan kinerja bank syariah melalui praktik ICG. Kata Kunci: Bank syariah, Dewan Pengawas Syariah, Indonesia, Islamic corporate governance, Kinerja bank, Malaysia. ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the impact of Islamic corporate governance characteristics on the performance of Islamic banks in Indonesia and Malaysia. By using panel data regression of 28 Islamic banks in Indonesia and Malaysia for the 2013-2019 period, this study found the simultaneous influence of Islamic corporate governance (ICG) characteristics on the performance of Islamic banks. The results with and without control variables show that only the Sharia Supervisory Board (SSB) education level consistently has a significant negative effect on the performance of Islamic banks. By adding the control variable, the results show that the gender diversity variable and the frequency of SSB meetings have a positive and negative effect on the performance of Islamic banks, respectively. The results of this study provide insights for regulators to improve the performance of Islamic banks through ICG practices.Keywords: Bank performance, Indonesia, Islamic corporate governance, Islamic banks, Malaysia, Syariah Supervisory Board.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Psychological Intervention to Improve Satisfaction for Patients with Depression Undergoing TKA
Authors: Geng Xiao , Wang Xinguang , Zhou Ge , Li Feng , Li Yang , Zhao Minwei , Chu Hongling , Li Jitao , Si Tianmei , Liu Zhongjun , Tian Hua 
Published: March 2021

Background:
The overall satisfaction of patients after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is approximately 80%, and current studies have demonstrated that patients with depression may have lower patient satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to determine whether perioperative psychological intervention in patients with depression improves the clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction in patients undergoing TKA.

Methods:
Six hundred patients who underwent primary TKA from May 2016 to January 2018 were prospectively screened for eligibility. A preoperative psychological evaluation was conducted by a psychiatrist to evaluate each patient’s psychological status. Patients who were diagnosed with depression were randomly divided into 2 groups: the intervention group (patients received psychological interventions that were administered by a psychiatrist at the first visit before surgery and from then on) and the control group (patients received routine TKA care without psychological interventions). The primary outcome was patient satisfaction at 6 months postoperatively. The secondary outcomes were patient satisfaction at 2 years postoperatively as well as the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) scores, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores, and range of motion at 6 months and 2 years postoperatively.

Results:
Fifty-three patients with depression were identified. Fifty-one patients were enrolled in the randomized controlled trial. Two patients were lost to follow-up at 6 months after surgery. Therefore, 49 patients (25 in the intervention group and 24 in the control group) remained in the final analysis. At 6 months postoperatively, statistical differences in patient satisfaction were identified between the 2 groups (88.0% in the intervention group compared with 62.5% in the control group; odds ratio = 4.40; 95% confidence interval, 1.02 to 18.99). There was a significant improvement in the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) score (the reduction rate was 51.97% in the intervention group compared with 17.35% in the control group) and the Symptom Checklist 90 Revised (SCL-90-R) subscore for depression (the reduction rate was 44.66% in the intervention group compared with 15.73% in the control group). The clinical outcomes, including the WOMAC scores, the HSS scores, and maximal range of motion, in the intervention group had improved significantly more compared with those in the control group.

Conclusions:
Psychological interventions during the perioperative period can improve patient satisfaction in patients with depression who undergo TKA. Therefore, psychological intervention and management may be beneficial for patients with depression who are planning to undergo TKA.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Transfer from Soil to Grass and Statistical Analysis of Natural Occurring Radionuclides in Soil from Phosphate Mining and Processing Sites in Maritime Region of Togo.
Authors: Hazou Eyakifama , Zorko Benjamin , Dzagli Milohum Mikesokpo , Haliba Essolakina Manakrihèa , Shouop Cebastien Joel Guembou , Moyo Maurice Ndontchueng , Tchakpele Paalamwé Komi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Natural radionuclides activity concentrations of 226Ra, 228Ra, and 40K in soil and grass samples, statistical analysis of these radionuclides and transfer factors (TFs) from soil to the grass were carried out from phosphate mining and processing sites in southern areas of Togo using gamma-ray spectrometry-based High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector. The average activity concentrations of 226Ra, 228Ra, and 40K were found within the range usually measured worldwide. Statistical analysis was done by investigating the skewness, the kurtosis, and the density distribution of radionuclides in the study areas. Both skewness and kurtosis displayed that the activity concentrations of soil and grass samples in the dischargement waste site (Kpémé) and mining site (Hahotoé) exhibited slightly positively skewed, negatively skewed, leptokurtic, and platykurtic distributions. The TFs for 226Ra, 228Ra, and 40K from dischargement waste soil to grass were evaluated. The average transfer factors of 226Ra, 228Ra, and 40K in the phosphate processing area were found to be 0.16, 0.32, and 8.42, respectively. 226Ra and 228Ra TFs values were found to within the limit of worldwide measure values while that of 40K was to be larger than the values measured in other countries. The average TF value of 8.42 for 40K was 8 times higher than the average value of unity, showing its large intake by vegetables. The high TFs for 40K could be explained by the extensive application of phosphate fertilizers to soils when growing vegetables.