bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE TASK OF THE MUSEUM IN SHAPING THE AESTHETIC‐POLITICAL FIELD OF MEMORY IN POST‐PINOCHET CHILE
Authors: Faba Zuleta Paulina , Aedo Gajardo Ángel 
Published: January 2021

abstractHow does a museum shape the experience of memory? Focusing on the Chilean Museum of Memory and Human Rights (MMHR), this article develops this question through the analysis of the entanglement of sensations, values, affects, and the museum forms of addressing the beholder. The paper deepens on three critical phenomena that contribute to the shaping of the experience of memory among a heterogeneous public: (1) the acknowledgment of the visitor’s presence, (2) the mediation of memory, and (3) the emergence of an anonymous voice that takes place as a collective expression of the people. It argues that the material arrangements of the MMHR become forms of detachment from the past that shape the aesthetic‐political field of memory in post‐Pinochet Chile. [Museum of Memory and Human Rights (MMHR), politics, aesthetics, Chile]
Beyond taxonomy: species complexes in New World phlebotomine sand flies
Authors: Sousa‐Paula L. C. de , Pessoa F. A. C. , Otranto D. , Dantas‐Torres F. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA species complex (= species group, species series) is an assemblage of species, which are related morphologically and phylogenetically. Recent research has revealed several arthropod vector species that were believed to be a single nominal species actually representing a group of closely related species, which are sometimes morphologically indistinguishable at one or more developmental stages. In some instances, differences in terms of vector competence, capacity, or both have been recorded. It highlights the importance of detecting and studying species complexes to improve our understanding of pathogen transmission patterns, which may be vectored more or less efficiently by different species within the complex. Considering more than 540 species, about one‐third of the phlebotomine sand flies in the New World present males and/or females morphologically indistinguishable to one or more species. Remarkably, several of these species may act in transmission of pathogenic agents. In this article, we review recent research on species complexes in phlebotomine sand flies from the Americas. Possible practical implications of recently acquired knowledge and future research needs are also discussed.
Weber syndrome with hemianopia caused by craniopharyngioma
Authors: Kawai Michiko , Hayakawa Itaru , Ogiwara Hideki , Abe Yuichi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA 9‐year‐old girl with craniopharyngioma showed intriguing neurological signs that resolved completely after tumor biopsy. Her neurological examination was consistent with Weber syndrome and hemianopia. Imaging showed that the suprasellar brain tumor compressed the lesions suspected through neurological examination. Our case illustrates the importance of neurological signs in pediatric patients with brain tumors.
Addressing risk management difficulties in children with food allergies
Authors: Eigenmann Philippe A. , Ebisawa Motohiro , Greenhawt Matthew , Hourihane Jonathan O’B , Perry Tamara T. , Remington Benjamin C. , Wood Robert A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRisk is a concept inherent in every medical procedure. It can be defined as the probability of an adverse event in a defined population over a specified period of time. In the frame of food allergy management, it might be related to a diagnostic procedure, a treatment, or the consumption of foods. The risk of an adverse event can also be augmented by individual factors. This rostrum article discusses various aspects faced by children with food allergies in the light of risk, and their practical implications. Identifying personal risks for severe reaction, such as unstable asthma, and correcting them whenever possible also contribute to a reduction of the risk inherent to food allergy. Among the facets discussed, oral food challenges (OFC) are the most common diagnostic procedures implying an inherent risk. The risk of OFCs can be minimized by correct indication and timing of the test, a safe setting, as well as by ensuring that the patient is otherwise well without potential stressor potentially increasing the risk of a more severe reaction. Oral immunotherapy (OIT) has been studied as a potential treatment for increasing the threshold dose for reaction, and thus reducing the risk of accidental reaction. Nevertheless, the procedure is not devoid of risk as the patients may and do often react during the course of the procedure. Ingestion of trace amounts in processed foods, mainly in community settings such as restaurants, schools, or day care, represents a potential risk of reactions, although for a minority of patients. Precautionary allergen labeling (PAL) is a widespread strategy to reduce the potential risk of reactions due to traces. However, PAL is currently inefficient due to inconsistent labeling, also not indicating a clear maximum amount possibly present in the manufactured food. Finally, cost‐effectiveness needs to be considered in risk management, as many risk reduction procedures are clearly not cost‐effective.
Trajectories of change in the therapeutic alliance during Cognitive Analytic Therapy for depression
Authors: Merzhvynska Mariia , Simmonds‐Buckley Melanie , Delgadillo Jaime , Kellett Stephen 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundManaging the alliance is considered to be a core competency and central therapeutic change process during cognitive analytic therapy (CAT). This study examined latent trajectories of change in the alliance and their relationship to depression treatment outcomes.DesignSecondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.MethodsA sample of N = 79 depressed participants completed standardized alliance (WAI‐SF) and depression symptom measures (PHQ‐9) every session during an 8‐session CAT intervention. Growth mixture modelling was applied to model alliance trajectories and to classify cases into different latent classes. Associations between alliance class and post‐treatment PHQ‐9 scores were examined using hierarchical linear regression, controlling for confounders.ResultsThere were two classes of alliance trajectories. The majority class (91%) displayed stable alliance trajectories, whilst a minority class (9%) had initially poor alliance ratings that significantly improved during treatment. Baseline severity and early change in depression symptoms significantly predicted treatment outcomes, but early alliance and longitudinal alliance change did not.ConclusionsAlliance trajectories did not significantly predict depression treatment outcomes after controlling for initial symptom severity and early change. An important limitation concerns the small sample size, so future replication in larger samples is necessary.
Evolution of foreland basin fluvial systems in the mid‐Cretaceous of Utah, USA (upper Cedar Mountain and Naturita formations)
Authors: Phillips Stephen P. , Howell John A. , Hartley Adrian J. , Chmielewska Magda , Hudson Samuel M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAn analysis of the sedimentary fill of a foreland basin can provide information on the relative effect of tectonics, base‐level fluctuations and climate during basin development. This study analyzes fluvial strata from the upper Cedar Mountain and Naturita formations of the mid‐Cretaceous foreland basin of Utah (USA) to determine the effects of spatial location within the foreland basin on fluvial planform and architecture. The study results document consistent planform and architecture across the distal foredeep and forebulge depozones during flooding of the Western Interior Seaway suggesting that fluvial planform and architecture did not change as a function of position within foreland basin depozone or as a result of base‐level rise. Outcrop data, virtual outcrop models and satellite imagery were used to perform facies and architectural analysis and to collect dimensional and geometric data. Fluvial channel deposits consist of coarse‐grained, laterally accreting bars deposited within narrow, low to moderate sinuosity channels, that were vertically stacked and encased in floodplain fines regardless of geographic location or stratigraphic position and may represent distal deposits of a distributive fluvial system. Bar elements increased in thickness over time indicating increasing channel depths and enhanced discharge. Palaeohydraulic calculations indicate an increase in discharge from between 315 and 1023 to between 1896 and 5270 m3/s, likely due to enhanced precipitation and/or drainage capture in the catchment and basin. Calculated drainage areas for the system increased from 104 to 105 km2 scale over time. The uppermost fluvial deposits were in close proximity (≤60 km) to contemporaneous shoreface systems as the Western Interior Seaway expanded; yet backwater effects are not observed, suggesting that rising base level had no significant effect on fluvial planform or architecture. These results show that fluvial planform and architecture remained constant despite rising base‐level, changing climate, increased discharge and position in different foreland basin depozones.
Political Psychology in the Digital (mis)Information age: A Model of News Belief and Sharing
Authors: Van Bavel Jay J. , Harris Elizabeth A. , Pärnamets Philip , Rathje Steve , Doell Kimberly C. , Tucker Joshua A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe spread of misinformation, including “fake news,” propaganda, and conspiracy theories, represents a serious threat to society, as it has the potential to alter beliefs, behavior, and policy. Research is beginning to disentangle how and why misinformation is spread and identify processes that contribute to this social problem. We propose an integrative model to understand the social, political, and cognitive psychology risk factors that underlie the spread of misinformation and highlight strategies that might be effective in mitigating this problem. However, the spread of misinformation is a rapidly growing and evolving problem; thus scholars need to identify and test novel solutions, and work with policy makers to evaluate and deploy these solutions. Hence, we provide a roadmap for future research to identify where scholars should invest their energy in order to have the greatest overall impact.
A novel technique to incorporate the sacrotuberous ligament in perineal herniorrhaphy in 47 dogs
Authors: Cinti Filippo , Rossanese Matteo , Pisani Guido 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the technique and outcomes after placement of sutures around the sacrotuberous ligament during perineal hernia (PH) repair in dogs.Study designRetrospective single‐center study.AnimalsDogs (n = 47) with PH.MethodsMedical records of dogs treated for PH between 2002 and 2020 were reviewed. Dogs were included when sutures had been placed around the sacrotuberous ligament. Short‐term outcomes and intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded. Long‐term outcome was assessed with a questionnaire completed by owners.ResultsTwenty‐eight of 47 dogs were medium or large breeds. The primary clinical sign was tenesmus in 43 dogs and dysuria‐stranguria in four dogs. Bilateral hernias were detected in 17 dogs. No intraoperative complications occurred. Median surgical time was 50 minutes for unilateral PH and 120 minutes for bilateral PH. Minor postoperative complications consisting of surgical wound swelling (9), wound dehiscence (4), and temporary tenesmus (2) occurred in 10 dogs. No major complications or recurrence were reported. The only factors associated with an increased risk of complications included increasing age (P = .019) and surgical treatment of a recurrent PH (P = .043). Owners consistently reported good long‐term outcomes.ConclusionThe PH repair described in this study resulted in good long‐term outcomes without major complications.Clinical significancePlacement of sutures around the sacrotuberous ligament represents an alternative during PH, but anatomical knowledge of the sciatic nerve and caudal gluteal vessels is required.
Does thinking make it so? Differential associations between adversity worries and experiences and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Wright Liam , Steptoe Andrew , Fancourt Daisy 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundThere is evidence that the COVID-19 pandemic is having adverse effects on mental health. It is vital to understand what is causing this: worries over potential adversities due to the pandemic, or the toll of experiencing adverse events.MethodsWe used panel data from 41 909 UK adults in the COVID-19 Social Study assessed weekly from 1 April 2020 to 12 May 2020 to study the association between adversities and anxiety and depressive symptoms. We studied six categories of adversity including both worries and experiences of: illness with COVID-19, financial difficulty, loss of paid work, difficulties acquiring medication, difficulties accessing food, and threats to personal safety. Anxiety and depression were measured using the 7-item Generalised Anxiety Disorder Assessment and the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire. We used fixed-effect regression models to account for time-invariant confounders.ResultsCumulative number of worries and experience of adversities were both related to higher levels of anxiety and depression. A number of worries were associated more with anxiety than depression, but number of experiences were equally related to anxiety and depression. There were clear associations between specific worries and poorer mental health. There was weak evidence that individuals of lower socio-economic position were more negatively affected psychologically by the adverse experiences.ConclusionMeasures over the first few weeks of lockdown in the UK appear to have been insufficient at reassuring people given that we see clear associations with mental health and cumulative worries. Interventions are required that seek to prevent adverse events (eg, redundancies) and reassure individuals and support adaptive coping strategies.
Imaging-based prediction of histological clot composition from admission CT imaging
Authors: Hanning Uta , Sporns Peter B , Psychogios Marios N , Jeibmann Astrid , Minnerup Jens , Gelderblom Mathias , Schulte Karolin , Nawabi Jawed , Broocks Gabriel , Meyer Lukas , Krähling Hermann , Brehm Alex , Wildgruber Moritz , Fiehler Jens , Kniep Helge 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundThrombus composition has been shown to be a major determinant of recanalization success and occurrence of complications in mechanical thrombectomy. The most important parameters of thrombus behavior during interventional procedures are relative fractions of fibrin and red blood cells (RBCs). We hypothesized that quantitative information from admission non-contrast CT (NCCT) and CT angiography (CTA) can be used for machine learning based prediction of thrombus composition.MethodsThe analysis included 112 patients with occlusion of the carotid-T or middle cerebral artery who underwent thrombectomy. Thrombi samples were histologically analyzed and fractions of fibrin and RBCs were determined. Thrombi were semi-automatically delineated in CTA scans and NCCT scans were registered to the same space. Two regions of interest (ROIs) were defined for each thrombus: small-diameter ROIs capture vessel walls and thrombi, large-diameter ROIs reflect peri-vascular tissue responses. 4844 quantitative image markers were extracted and evaluated for their ability to predict thrombus composition using random forest algorithms in a nested fivefold cross validation.ResultsTest set receiver operating characteristic area under the curve was 0.83 (95% CI 0.80 to 0.87) for differentiating RBC-rich thrombi and 0.84 (95% CI 0.80 to 0.87) for differentiating fibrin-rich thrombi. At maximum Youden-Index, RBC-rich thrombi were identified at 77% sensitivity and 74% specificity; for fibrin-rich thrombi the classifier reached 81% sensitivity at 73% specificity.ConclusionsMachine learning based analysis of admission imaging allows for prediction of clot composition. Perspectively, such an approach could allow selection of clot-specific devices and retrieval procedures for personalized thrombectomy strategies.
Contribution of mental ill health during military service to postservice benefit claims in the UK
Authors: Burdett Howard , Fear Nicola T , Wessely Simon , Greenberg Neil , Rona Roberto J 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesWhile most UK military personnel transition successfully into civilian life, some experience unemployment and disability, which may be partly attributable to in-service factors. This study aims to determine the degree to which in-service mental health problems impact on postservice benefit claims.MethodsUsing data from a cohort of 5598 recent leavers from regular service in the UK Armed Forces linked with data from the Department for Work and Pensions, we assessed associations between in-service mental health and postservice benefit claims, and the population attributable fraction (PAF) of benefit claims related to in-service mental health. An analysis with postservice mental ill health as mediator was performed to determine the degree to which the observed effects were a consequence of persistent illness, as opposed to remitted.ResultsMental illness occurring in-service predicted both unemployment and disability claims, partly mediated by postservice health (23%–52% total effects mediated), but alcohol misuse did not. Common mental disorder (CMD) (PAF 0.07, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.11) and probable post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (PAF 0.05, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.09) contributed to unemployment claims. Probable PTSD was the largest contributor to disability claims (PAF 0.25, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.36), with a smaller contribution from CMD (PAF 0.16, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.27).ConclusionsIn-service mental ill health gives rise to benefit claims. These effects are only partly mediated by postservice mental health, implying that in-service (or pre-service) mental issues have carry-over effects into civilian life even if remitted. Better prevention and treatment of in-service PTSD symptoms may well reduce postservice disability claims.
Modeling and Selecting Frameworks in Terms of Patterns, Tactics and System Qualities
Authors: Milhem Hind , Weiss Michael , Some Stephane S. 
Published: January 2021

Selecting a framework and documenting the rationale for choosing it is an essential task for system architects. Different framework selection approaches have been proposed in the literature. However, none of these connect frameworks to qualities based on their implemented patterns and tactics. In this paper, we propose a way to semi-automatically compare the quality attributes of frameworks by extracting the patterns and tactics from a framework’s source code and documenting them to connect frameworks to requirements upon which a selection can be made. We use a tool called Archie (a tool used to extract tactics from a Java-based system’s code) to extract the patterns/tactics from the implementation code of frameworks. We then document and model these patterns/tactics and their impact on qualities using the Goal-oriented Requirements Language (GRL). After that, we reuse these models of patterns and tactics to model frameworks in terms of their implemented patterns and tactics. The satisfaction level of the quality requirements integrated with other criteria such as the preferences of an architect provide architects with a tool for comparing different frameworks and documenting their rationale for choosing a framework. As a validation of the approach, we apply it to three realistic case studies with promising results.
Serial Stimulation of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells with Covalently Stabilized Bispecific T-cell Engagers Generates Antitumor Immunity While Avoiding Anergy
Authors: Kharkwal Shalu Sharma , Johndrow Christopher T. , Veerapen Natacha , Kharkwal Himanshu , Saavedra-Avila Noemi A. , Carreño Leandro J. , Rothberg Samantha , Zhang Jinghang , Garforth Scott J. , Jervis Peter J. , Zhang Lianjun , Donda Alena , Besra Amareeta K. , Cox Liam R. , Almo Steven C. , Howell Alan , Evans Elizabeth E. , Zauderer Maurice , Besra Gurdyal S. , Porcelli Steven A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

CD1d-restricted invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT cells) mediate strong antitumor immunity when stimulated by glycolipid agonists. However, attempts to develop effective iNKT cell agonists for clinical applications have been thwarted by potential problems with dose-limiting toxicity and by activation-induced iNKT cell anergy, which limits the efficacy of repeated administration. To overcome these issues, we developed a unique bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) based on covalent conjugates of soluble CD1d with photoreactive analogues of the glycolipid α-galactosylceramide. Here we characterize the in vivo activities of iNKT cell–specific BiTEs and assess their efficacy for cancer immunotherapy in mouse models using transplantable colorectal cancer or melanoma tumor lines engineered to express human Her2 as a tumor-associated antigen. Systemic administration of conjugated BiTEs stimulated multiple iNKT cell effector functions including cytokine release, secondary activation of NK cells, and induction of dendritic cell maturation and also initiated epitope spreading for tumor-specific CD8+ cytolytic T-cell responses. The antitumor effects of iNKT-cell activation with conjugated BiTEs were further enhanced by simultaneous checkpoint blockade with antibodies to CTLA-4, providing a potential approach for combination immunotherapy. Multiple injections of covalently stabilized iNKT cell–specific BiTEs activated iNKT cells without causing iNKT cell anergy or exhaustion, thus enabling repeated administration for effective and nontoxic cancer immunotherapy regimens.

Significance:
Covalently stabilized conjugates that engage the antigen receptors of iNKT cells and target a tumor antigen activate potent antitumor immunity without induction of anergy or depletion of the responding iNKT cells.
Ferroptosis Inducers Are a Novel Therapeutic Approach for Advanced Prostate Cancer
Authors: Ghoochani Ali , Hsu En-Chi , Aslan Merve , Rice Meghan A. , Nguyen Holly M. , Brooks James D. , Corey Eva , Paulmurugan Ramasamy , Stoyanova Tanya 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Ferroptosis is a type of programmed cell death induced by the accumulation of lipid peroxidation and lipid reactive oxygen species in cells. It has been recently demonstrated that cancer cells are vulnerable to ferroptosis inducers (FIN). However, the therapeutic potential of FINs in prostate cancer in preclinical settings has not been explored. In this study, we demonstrate that mediators of ferroptosis, solute carrier family 7 member 11, SLC3A2, and glutathione peroxidase, are expressed in treatment-resistant prostate cancer. We further demonstrate that treatment-resistant prostate cancer cells are sensitive to two FINs, erastin and RSL3. Treatment with erastin and RSL3 led to a significant decrease in prostate cancer cell growth and migration in vitro and significantly delayed the tumor growth of treatment-resistant prostate cancer in vivo, with no measurable side effects. Combination of erastin or RSL3 with standard-of-care second-generation antiandrogens for advanced prostate cancer halted prostate cancer cell growth and migration in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. These results demonstrate the potential of erastin or RSL3 independently and in combination with standard-of-care second-generation antiandrogens as novel therapeutic strategies for advanced prostate cancer.

Significance:
These findings reveal that induction of ferroptosis is a new therapeutic strategy for advanced prostate cancer as a monotherapy and in combination with second-generation antiandrogens.