bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Artificial Intelligence Based Method for Performance Prediction and Inverse Design of Hydraulic Turbochargers
Authors: Thatte Azam , Vurimi Ganesh , Borate Prabhav , Javaherchi Teymour 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A neural network based method is developed that can learn the underlying physics of hydraulic turbocharger (a radial pump coupled with a radial turbine) from a set of sparse experimental data and can predict the performance of a new turbocharger design for any given set of previously unseen operating conditions and geometric parameters. The novelty of the algorithm is that it learns the underlying physical mechanisms from a very sparse data spanning a broad range of flow rates and geometrical size brackets and uses these deeper common features recognized through a “mass-learning process” to predict the full performance curves for any given single geometry. The deep learning algorithm is able to accurately predict the key performance parameters like total efficiency of the turbocharger, its operating speed, pressure rise provided by the radial pump of the turbocharger and the shaft power produced by the radial turbine of the turbocharger for any given input combination of pump and turbine flow rates, differential pressure across the turbine and a limited set of geometrical parameters of pump and turbine impellers and volutes. Lastly, a novel method for fast inverse design of turbomachinery using a physics trained neural network and a constrained optimization algorithms is developed. The algorithm uses Nelder-Mead and Interior Point methods to find the global minimum of turbocharger design objective function in multi-dimensional space. The newly developed method is found to be very efficient in optimizing turbomachinery design problems with both equality and inequality constraints. The inverse design algorithm is able to successfully recommend an optimal combination of geometrical parameters like pump blade exit angle, pump impeller diameter, blade width, eye diameter, turbine nozzle diameter and rotational speed for a given target efficiency and head rise requirements. The preliminary results from this study indicate that it has a great potential to minimize the need for expensive 3D CFD based methods for the design of turbomachinery.
Interactive Learning Platform for Turbine Design Using Reduced Order Methods
Authors: Oliveira Igor , Silva George Patton , Tonon Daniel , Bringhenti Cleverson , Takachi Tomita Jesuíno 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This work presents the implementation of an interactive learning platform for turbine design in an engineering teaching environment. Due to the abundance of strategies and problems encountered in a multidisciplinary iterative design process, presenting the student to the multitude of scenarios can be a laborious and time-consuming task, often not possible in one-semester courses for undergraduate students.
The developed computational program breaks down the preliminary design methodology into a step-by-step analysis of a single-stage axial turbine for aeronautical application. In it, the student is guided through velocity diagram construction, performance prediction, tridimensional and compressible effects considerations, blade designing as well as accounting for losses. In this interactive learning tool, it is possible to explore the sensitivity and effects of each design choice at various design steps, generating insight and hopefully a more intimate understanding.
This exploration generates real-time changes in the output interface, for example the velocity diagrams and major geometrical features, in which the student is able through different trials to observe and compare the impact of different approaches, choices and assumptions.
The program is written in Python language and the loss models chosen were Kacker and Okapuu; Dunham and Came; and Ainley and Mathieson. As the same set of design requirements can lead to different — yet optimal — configurations, the student will be given guidelines based on established design methodologies with the aid of graphs and the usual ranges of the calculated parameters found in practice.
At the end of this process, the student is able to harvest a final design from which it is possible to generate discussions among a class or examine the suitability of a final product in regards to a proposed assignment, objective or application.
The Design Analysis of the Damaged Compressor Blade Impact on the Aerodynamic Parameters
Authors: Fedechkin Konstantin S. , Kuzmin Maxim V. , Marchukov Evgeni U. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The research is about the traditional approach in defects assessment, like damages in aviation engine blades and problems in their further use based on the defects analysis not in one blade or stage but in the multistage compressor as a whole. When an airplane is in operation there can be incidents: birds in flight and a small stones and different metal object on the ground. When they penetrate into the engine, the fan’s blades are damaged. The software that simulates geometry model of blade damages has been developed. The calculation model of the damaged blade has been developed on the basis of real engine compressors. The calculation model of the compressor covers procedures for mesh generation and CFD code calculations. This model has been verified by experimental data.
It has been studied how compressor blades with nicks and bending affect the compressor performance and how compressor map changes. The studies resulted in the following conclusions:
-The existing limits on damages size do not cause serious problems in operation. It was confirmed by the calculation result.
- As the result of this compressor study, the critical size of blade nicks (more than 4mm or more than 6% blade chord) and bending (more than 0,023b in the leading edge in the circumferential direction) has been identified in terms of aerodynamics.
A Conjugate Heat Transfer and Thermal Stress Analysis of Film-Cooled Superalloy With Thermal Barrier Coating
Authors: Chen Xiaohu , Li Jiao , Long Yun , Wang Yuzhang , Weng Shilie , Yavuzkurt Savas 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A conjugate heat transfer study is carried out to obtain temperature and thermal stress field of a film-cooled superalloy with multi-layer thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). The aim is to understand the effects of the blowing ratio and ceramic top coating (TC) thickness on temperature and thermal stress which have an influence on component reliability and life. Results reveal that the distribution of film cooling effectiveness gets more uniform as TC thickness decrease because thick TC with low thermal conductivity prevents heat conduction in the axial and spanwise directions. In the upstream of the film cooling hole, the cooling effect is enhanced nonlinearly with the increase of the blowing ratio since the flow separation in the cooling tube affects the heat transfer enhancement. The insulation performance is improved by about 10 K for every 0.1D increase in TC thickness and the cooling effect is improved by about 20 K when the blowing ratio is increased from 0.5 to 1.0 at the leading edge of the film-cooling tube. The influence of jet lift-off and hotgas entrainment on the insulation effect is greater than TC thickness. The stress is concentrated at the leading edge of the film cooling hole and interfaces of TBCs. The maximum Von-Mises stress (761 MPa) on the interfaces is not at the leading or trailing sides of the film-cooling tube, it is about ± 45° from the centerline of the BC/SUB interface. The debonding stress at TC/BC interface and BC/SUB interface are about 26 MPa and 175 MPa respectively. The normal stress near the film-cooling tube on the BC/SUB interface is 5 – 7 times the one at TC/BC interface. Therefore, the interface crack is more likely to initiate at the BC/SUB interface, and the crack may keep growing and cause the spalling of TBC.
Estimation of Aircraft Engine Flight Mission Severity Caused by Erosion
Authors: Brandes Tim , Koch Christian , Staudacher Stephan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
More and more attention is being devoted to assessing severity of the engine operation for a high number of flights in a minimum of time. Compressor erosion is one of the physical phenomena contributing to this severity. Hence, an effective method is developed which allows a general judgment of the severity of engine operation with regards to compressor erosion. The shortening of the camber line at blade leading edge is selected as the parameter describing the degree of severity. The particle impingement conditions experienced by compressor blades throughout a flight mission are computed using a flight mission simulation and a non-dimensional engine model. Local flow conditions of all compressor blade rows are derived from mean line computations. A dimensional analysis of a straight through swirling annulus flow led to a simplified model of particle separation within the compressor blade rows. It turns out, that bypass ratio, bleed setting and degree of particle separation changing from operating point to operating point are significant drivers of erosion. Fan root and booster suffer less from compressor erosion than the high pressure compressor. The flight segments taxi, take-off, take-off climb, climb and cruise are significantly impacting the severity of a flight mission with regards to compressor erosion.
Squeeze Film Damper Bearing With Double-Ended Beam Centering Springs: Part I — Design and Analysis
Authors: Li Wei , Braman Christopher , Hantz Brian , Thorat Manish , Pettinato Brian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Squeeze film damper (SFD) bearings are widely used in industry to enhance rotor dynamic stability in super-critical applications. This study examines an SFD bearing design with double-ended beam centering springs placed external to the squeeze film and in parallel with O-ring seals. The purpose of the new SFD bearing design is to minimize the use of O-rings as a support and centering device, instead relying on compact external springs that can be independently adjusted to ensure centered operation. The new design is applicable to a wide range of bearing sizes and rotor weights with variable spring stiffness, damping value and envelope dimensions.
Spring stiffness and stress coefficients were generated for 3.5-inch bearing and SFD assembly from a parametric finite element analysis (FEA). High cycle fatigue of the springs was evaluated using the Soderberg criterion with an additional safety factor. Rotor-dynamic performance of the new design was analyzed using an historical rotor applying both π-film and full-film models. To evaluate the design, the same 3.5 inch SFD bearing presented in this study was manufactured and tested in succeeding work.
The Story of the Dent-Gouge Fracture Model
Authors: Cosham Andrew , Hopkins Phil 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Once upon a time the dent-gouge fracture model was developed by the then British Gas Corporation to estimate the burst pressure of a dent and gouge subject to internal pressure. The dent-gouge fracture model is based on a two-dimensional representation of a dent and gouge; it assumes an infinitely long, longitudinally-orientated gouge (a crack) at the base of infinitely long, longitudinally-orientated dent. The model was calibrated using the results of 109 ring tests and 23 vessel tests conducted by the British Gas Corporation; a dent was introduced and then a slot was machined in the base of the dent (all at zero pressure). It is a semi-empirical model. Part 12 of API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 2016 quotes the original dent-gouge fracture model.
A number of variations on the theme of the original dent-gouge fracture model have been developed. The variants have not significantly improved the accuracy of the original model, as is demonstrated by comparing the variants against the results of burst tests on rings and vessels containing a dent and gouge (or notch) reported in the published literature.
The dent-gouge fracture model is deconstructed in order to illustrate its component parts. The deconstruction clearly identifies the parts of the model that could be improved. It also highlights where semi-empiricism is embedded in the model. The effect of changes to the original model is illustrated using the results of the full-scale tests. The difficulties introduced by the scatter in the full-scale tests are discussed, noting that a number of different methods have been used to introduce the dent and gouge (or notch) into the ring or vessel. A factor of safety is proposed.
Pointers are given to how the dent-gouge fracture model might be improved or replaced. The need for a dent-gouge model is also considered, in the context of the guidance given in API Recommended Practice 1160 and ASME B31.8S.
Application of Noise Filtering Techniques for the Quantification of Uncertainty in Dent Strain Calculations
Authors: Ergezinger Noah , Virk Amandeep Singh , Woo Janine , Kainat Muntaseer , Adeeb Samer 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The integrity assessment of dents in pipelines is primarily driven by the dent depths as per the stipulations in current codes and standards. There is a provision for strain-based analysis to quantify the severity of dents based on their shapes in the ASME B31.8 non-mandatory Appendix R. In recent years, the pipeline industry has also started leveraging more advanced techniques such as Finite Element Analysis (FEA) for dent assessment. These assessments require the detailed deformation profile of dents, which are available from In-line Inspection (ILI) tools.
The ILI tools use caliper arms that roll along the inside of the pipeline and scan the inner profile. The measurements recorded by each caliper arm are susceptible to noise due to the vibration of the ILI tool, and as a result, the dent shapes obtained from ILI are not smooth. Strain assessments of dents typically require the calculation of radius of curvature in the longitudinal and circumferential directions. This becomes a complex problem while the ILI data contains noise, particularly for relatively shallow dents, when the dent depth approaches the magnitude of the noise in the data. In these cases, the radius of curvature estimation can become highly inaccurate. Furthermore, the amount of noise in the data can vary between dents, and so the accuracy of the estimation varies as well.
This paper presents several methods to resolve the above-mentioned issues. To address the issue of data noise itself, a combination of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Gaussian filtering is used to produce a smooth profile that can be used to calculate the maximum radius of curvature of the dent. The smoothed profile also results in a better estimation of dent depth. To estimate the amount of uncertainty in the data, we apply many independent iterations of random noise to the smoothed curve. Characteristics required for further reliability analysis, such as dent depth or radius of curvature, are calculated for each iteration. This forms a distribution for each characteristic, and the properties of each distribution are used to quantify the uncertainty in the ILI data.
Leveraging IOT Telemetry to Improve the Tracking of Inline Inspection Tools for Oil and Gas Pipelines
Authors: Shankar Vignesh , Li Herb , Pozniak Eric , Onuoha Chukwuma , McDonnell Shamus 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
To ensure the safe transportation of energy, Canadian pipeline operators spend roughly $1.5 billion every year on pipeline integrity. The most practiced form of pipeline integrity is the use of inline inspection (ILI) tools. To ensure that an ILI inspection occurs with minimal to no complications, operators often utilize tracking techniques for the runs. These techniques can be costly and have large safety risks and environmental impacts due to the nature of using manpower to perform the operation.
Using advanced Intemet of Things (IOT) telemetry devices, the tracking of ILI tools can be completed from remote locations by installing IOT devices semi-permanently along a pipeline right -of-way. This advancement has ensured the efficient, safe and reliable tracking of ILI tools while eliminating risks involved with conventional tracking. Furthermore, the current generation of IOT telemetry devices offers a tailored suite of ILI tracking sensors such as magnetics, ultrasonic frequency, extremely low frequency (22 Hz), and geophone. This multi sensor tracking solution increases an operator’s confidence in pig passages and flow rate estimations which allows the operator to optimize pump station bypassing. Finally, the IOT telemetry devices are supported by Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and satellite link which has ensured global coverage to remotely track tools. The communication module for the semi-permanent tracking solution is decided based on network availability and endpoints.
This paper will present a comprehensive analysis that compares conventional ILI tracking to cutting-edge IOT telemetry ILI tracking and illustrates improvements in operational efficiency, operational risk, overall safety, environmental impact, and cost-effectiveness. In addition, case studies from recent tracking runs will be shared to demonstrate advancements in IOT telemetry, tracking sensor technology, dynamic user interface capabilities, advanced data dissemination methods, and high precision benchmarking.
Performance Evaluation of White Coconut Oil Based Metal Working Fluid (MWF) Under Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) for Machining of Inconel 718 and AISI 304
Authors: Wickramasinghe K. C. , Sasahara Hiroyuki , Masatoshi Usui 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Machining is one of the most prominent manufacturing methods in automobile, aerospace and marine industries. The materials which are frequently consumed in such industries are hard to machine through conventional techniques. Therefore, it requires sophisticated process approaches and better cooling and lubrication environment. Hence, industries trend to use petroleum oil based MWFs because of the better cooling and lubrication properties. However, petroleum oil based MWFs express adverse health and environment effect throughout their lifecycle. Authors have formulated a white coconut oil based MWF as an alternative to the hazardous petroleum oil based MWF. The performance of the novel white coconut oil based MWF was evaluated via MQL approach for Inconel 718 and AISI 304. Machining experiments were conducted to investigate work tool interface temperature, cutting forces and compared them with commercially available MWF. Favorable results for the work tool interface temperature and cutting forces were obtained for the newly formulated MWF compared to the industrial available petroleum oil based MWF. Hence, the industrial applicability of the formulated MWF was confirmed for the selected cutting specifications for both work materials.
Smooth Path Blending for 5-Axis Machine Tools
Authors: Tajima Shingo , Sencer Burak , Yoshioka Hayato , Shinno Hidenori 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
5-axis machining is widely used to manufacture complex sculptured parts, such as impellers used in jet engines. In order to machine complex part surfaces, the surface is discretized by a series of short-segmented point to point linear segments by CAD/CAM systems. Smooth non-stop motion of the tool must be interpolated along those discrete tool-paths. This paper proposes novel discrete linear path smoothing algorithms to interpolate tool position and orientation commands synchronously for 5-axis machining. Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filtering based feed profiling technique is developed to generate a smooth tool-pose trajectory with both local and global smoothing functionality. Analytical techniques are proposed to confine the blending errors within user specified tolerances. The proposed technique is computationally efficient and suitable for real-time implementation on modern NC systems. Path blending errors are defined in both the Cartesian workpiece coordinate system for tool positioning errors and the spherical coordinate system for tool orientation errors. Both position and orientation contouring errors are controlled in each coordinate system with respect to the user-defined tolerances. Simulation results validate that the proposed FIR based corner smoothing algorithm can generate smooth and non-stop trajectories for 5-axis machining. It can lead to significant cycle time gain without jeopardizing part tolerances.
Low Friction Realised by Hydrogen-Ended DLC Surface Through Photocatalyst Effect in Water Lubricated Condition
Authors: Murashima Motoyuki , Imaizumi Yusuke , Yamada Takazumi , Shotaro Katsuno , Yoshida Tomoki , Umehara Noritsugu , Tokoroyama Takayuki 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This study shows a new friction reduction method for a diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating using photocatalyst in water lubricated condition. It is well known that one of DLC coatings (e.g. hydrogenated amorphous carbon, a-C:H) exhibits low friction due to repulsive force generated by hydrogens on their top most surfaces. Thus, the low friction is mainly occurred in inert gas environment. On the other hand, if we can produce hydrogenated surface positively, low friction may be achieved in lubricated conditions. Here, it is well known that water electrolysis by photocatalyst generates hydrogen and oxygen atoms/molecules. In this research, we propose a new hydrogen terminating method for DLC surfaces with hydrogens generated by water electrolysis. Moreover, we clarified the effect of the hydrogen-end on lowering friction. We conducted friction tests using an a-C:H coating against a TiO2 disk (photocatalyst) in water lubricated condition. The friction test result showed a decrease in the friction coefficient which was associated with UV irradiation. It is considered that the reduction in hydrogen-bonding component of surface energy indicates a highly hydrogen-ended surface creation, resulting in higher repulsive force and lower friction.
Molecular Dynamic Simulation of Micro-Structured Diamond Tool in Silicon Carbide Cutting
Authors: Liu Changlin , Chu Jianning , Ke Jinyang , Chen Xiao , Zhang Jianguo , Xiao Junfeng , Xu Jianfeng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Silicon carbide (SiC) is a material of great interest in many industrial applications. However, due to the hardness and brittleness nature, achieving ultra-precision machining of SiC is still challenging. In recent years, function surface with micro-structures has been introduced in cutting tool to suppress wear process. But the wear mechanism of the structured tool has not been revealed completely. Therefore, in present research, molecular dynamic simulations were conducted to investigate the influence of the micro-structure on the nano scale cutting process of 3C-SiC. The simulation results showed that the dislocation propagation in workpiece can be suppressed with a structured tool. The micro-structures have a great influence on the stress distribution in the workpiece subsurface. Furthermore, the abrasive wear of the structured tool is obvious smaller since the edges of the tool became blunt and the contact face between tool and workpiece changed to the close-packed plane of diamond. Moreover, the amorphization of the structured tool is effectively suppressed. This study contributes to the understanding of the details involved in the ultra-precision cutting of SiC.