bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rural and structural transformation and their impacts on household in East Java
Authors: Erwidodo  , Dermoredjo S K , Yusuf E S , Purba H J , Rachmawati R R , Sudaryanto T 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEmpirical evidence shows that rural transformation and structural transformation in Indonesia vary between provinces in both the depth and speed of the change. One province that the local government has claimed to undergo a rapid rural transformation is the province of East Java. This paper aims to analyze the structural and rural transformations in East Java using district-level secondary data for the 2000-2020 period, obtained from East Java Provincial Statistics. Data analysis uses qualitative and descriptive methods. The results show that structural and rural transformations in East Java vary between districts and development clusters. Some districts in East java experienced a rapid decline in the agricultural sector’s contribution in 1990-2020, both in terms of regional gross domestic product and employment, compared to other districts. The results also show that there has been a transformation within the agricultural sector, with the sub-sectors of non-food (commodities) have gradually shifted out the contribution of the food crop subsector. The relatively rapid structural and rural transformation in East Java has succeeded in increasing rural household incomes and reducing poverty incidence in the province. In the future, to continue increasing household income and reduce poverty, the East Java government needs to maintain the momentum of its success through more targeted pro-growth and pro-poor investment policies.
Strategies to increase soybean production by increasing the distribution of new superior varieties
Authors: Yofa R D , Perdana R P , Aldillah R , Muslim C , Sunarsih  , Agustian A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Soybean production in Indonesia shows a downward trend over time, causing an increase in dependence on imports because the demand for soybeans is much greater. Therefore, efforts are needed to increase production by increasing productivity by using new soybean varieties, which are still very limited in distribution. This paper aims to identify the distribution of new soybean varieties, analyze the problems and factors affecting the distribution of new soybean varieties, and formulate strategies to increase the distribution of new soybean varieties. The study was conducted in the West Java and Central Java Provinces. The analysis method used in the study was qualitative descriptive. The analysis results show that in 2015-2019, soybean production in Indonesia, including in West Java and Central Java, shows a downward trend. Of the total distribution area of soybean varieties, the dominant varieties cultivated are Anjasmoro (61.48%), Wilis (10.66%), Grobogan (9.81%), Argomulyo (6.65%), and Baluran (4.01%). Meanwhile, the distribution of new soybean varieties is still very low, including Dena 1 variety (4.01%) and other new soybean varieties with a distribution area of less than 0.1% of the total distribution area. To increase the distribution of new soybean varieties, one of them can be done by developing seed breeders at the farmer level. Thus, the availability of the seeds of new soybean varieties can increase and farmers will find it easier to obtain these seeds.
Palm oil industry towards Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) achievements
Authors: Mardiharini M , Azahari D H , Chaidirsyah R M , Obaideen K 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Gender Equality in Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has been exclusively developed but, most of our current economies and societies are not able to fully contribute or equally benefit from them. When zooming in, women are generally more excluded than men. Indonesia as the leading of palm oil producing country and given the vital role that women and girls play in the management, care, and use of Palm Oil, the Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) framework is important to review. This paper aims to review the performance of GESI framework in the Indonesian palm oil sector and links the discussion with SDG 5 (Gender Equality) using qualitative methods, which data and information have been collected through observation, key informant interviews and secondary data. The framework focus on the marginalized groups. The results show that the palm oil industry can improve the gender equality and inclusivity for creating economically, socially, and environmentally sustainable palm oil supply chains and sectors. We need roll out the Gender Assessment to map out the actual roles, inclusivity and involvement of women in the respective area.
Urban farming and food security: household’s adaptive strategy to COVID-19 crises
Authors: Purwanto  , Yaumidin U K , Yuliana C I , Nurjati E , Rahmayanti A Z , Cahyono B D , Novandra R 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has raised concerns regarding the importance of food security and the agricultural sector. Experiencing positive growth in the Gross Domestic Product during pandemic, the agricultural sector is considered to be the most resilient sector. This study examines changes in the household pattern of food consumption and their current position on food security. It also analyses household adaptation to current health crises. We conduct an online survey from September to October 2020. The coverage areas of this survey are concentrated in Java Island and captured 1,499 households. We calculate the food security index to measure the behavioral changes of household on their food consumption pattern. The index indicates that the majority of households are food secure. However, households with food insecurity generally have multidimensional vulnerabilities on the effects of this pandemic. Our survey has indicated several activities of household resilience to cope with the increase of food prices during pandemic. Urban farming is one of the solutions to access food, and their concerns on food safety, food prices and stimulate the local economy are utmost reasons. People utilized their yards by cultivating short-lived vegetables in small pots or hydroponic method. Given these reasons, the yields of their products do not go to the commercial market, although the potential to enter this market is possible. Based on the results of this study, it is suggested that the government can respond to the changes that occur in society as a time to support agricultural sustainability, particularly in expanding urban farming.
Export performance and competitiveness of Indonesian coconut oil and desiccated coconut
Authors: Purba H J , Erwidodo  , Hestina J , Yusuf E S , Azahari D H , Dabukke F B , Darwis V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Competitiveness is an essential key in market penetration in export destination countries. This study aims to analyze Indonesian coconut oil, refined, bleached and deodorized and desiccated coconut (DC) export performance and its competitiveness in the export market. The competitiveness measurement is seen from comparative and competitive advantages over the two products in each leading export destination market. The analysis method used graphical illustrations and the RCA and EPD covering the period of 2009-2018. The study shows that coconut oil and DC’s export performance increases in all export markets during the analysis period. The Chinese market is a prospective market for coconut oil with the most significant export growth, 10.51% per year, and the largest market share after the USA and South Korea. Meanwhile, the Russian market is the biggest after Germany and Singapore for DC products. The result shows that coconut oil and DC product have comparative competitiveness in all export markets. Coconut oil products are no longer competitive in the South Korean market because their exports are not growing dynamically. The Chinese market is still open, but Indonesia cannot take advantage of this opportunity (lost opportunity). Meantime, DC products have an ideal position in the Russian market and the USA market for coconut oil, namely the rising star. Indonesia gains additional market share with dynamic growth (fast-growing product). Active efforts to find new markets through market diversification and diplomacy while maintaining existing markets can be an option to increase the export of coconut oil and desiccated product.
Environmental effect of biodiesel mandatory policy
Authors: Nurkhoiry R , Azahari D H , Amelia R , Roosganda E 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
One major biofuel in Indonesia is biodiesel with palm oil constituting the predominant raw material. Over recent years, biodiesel has become the most rapidly developing and influential aspect for economic. Biodiesel mandatory policies aim to reduce import of diesel from fossil fuels, buffer for CPO price, reduce emissions and balancing supply demand of palm oil. The biodiesel policy is supported by the CPO fund mechanism managed by BPDPKS to overcome the price gap of diesel and biodiesel which is affected by volatile price of CPO and fossil fuels. About 8 million ton (5%) CPO production in Indonesia is allocated for biodiesel production to supply domestic and overseas markets. In the long term, palm oil-based biodiesel will become the focus of renewable energy development policy in Indonesia. National energy policy direction ensures an optimum energy mix, with renewables targeted to contribute up 31% of the energy mix by 2050. These are optimistic targets that hope to be achieved over various constraints, such as issues of land for feedstock, gap price between biodiesel prices and diesel fuels, dependence on imported technologies and equipment, and low market demand for biodiesel, particularly in sectors with no government intervention. There is a general assumption that biodiesel or bioenergy already fall in line with sustainability principles as they are sourced from the agriculture sector. The study aims to examine the impact of biodiesel development to economic and environment, also to review several challenges facing by biodiesel development in Indonesia.
Study review of the electrical power generation: Wave energy converting device system from the swell
Authors: Taboada J V , Casás V D , Yu X , Gemilang G M , Sampaio P 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the design of an innovative wave energy converter, namely, Electrical Power Generation - WEC Device System from the Swell, abbreviated as WECFS. This WEC device has been registered for a patent in the Spanish Office of the Patents and Brands (OEPM) with the registration number of the innovative utility model-Patent Model: 202131440(5). The study reported in this paper endeavours to demonstrate the technical feasibility, functional mechanical-kinematic behaviour, and the performance of the proof-of-concept WEC device system, in order to determine their energy extraction capacities and functionalities. The overall energy extracted with eight electrical generators A/C is 0.185 MWatts calculated analytically. The levelized cost of energy is a very important metric in determining whether to move forward with the project, where the cost of energy target has been as cheap as $0.07kWh; this value of LCOE could be improved with optimisations on the practical design parameters. This preliminary study investigates the factors influencing standardized and industrialized for the new WEC device system and can be used to guide the optimization of this type of device technology.
Data-driven prediction of mean wind turbulence from topographic data
Authors: Morais da Costa B , Snæbjörnsson J Þ , Øiseth O A , Wang J , Jakobsen J B 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study presents a data-driven model to predict mean turbulence intensities at desired generic locations, for all wind directions. The model, a multilayer perceptron, requires only information about the local topography and a historical dataset of wind measurements and topography at other locations. Five years of data from six different wind measurement mast locations were used. A k-fold cross-validation evaluated the model at each location, where four locations were used for the training data, another location was used for validation, and the remaining one to test the model. The model outperformed the approach given in the European standard, for both performance metrics used. The results of different hyperparameter optimizations are presented, allowing for uncertainty estimates of the model performances.
Simulation of peak tension loads in Subsea power cables during installation
Authors: Okkerstrøm L , Gudmestad O T , Pedersen E 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
At present, most of the insurance claims in the offshore wind industry are due to cable failures where a large percentage occurs during the installation of the array and export cables. As the reliability of the cables depends on the location and installation method, it is important to map the risks involved, which can compromise the cable’s integrity in individual projects. This paper presents sensitivity analyses conducted on crucial parameters in the cable laying process, with an objective of successful installation of subsea power cables without any damages to the cable. The analyses focus on the peak tension loads with reference to key parameters as cable self-weight and laying geometry, as well as the cable deployment position on the installation vessel. Finite element analyses were conducted with both static forces and dynamic forces for irregular vessel motions, by the aid of the well-tested software OrcaFlex.
Tuning for robust and optimal dynamic positioning control in BlueROV2
Authors: Yang X , Xing Y 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A tuning approach for the robust and optimal dynamic positioning control of BlueROV2 subjected to currents with varying speeds and headings is presented. A 2D planar dynamic model of BlueROV2 is developed in Matlab/Simulink and used for the study. The surge, sway and yaw motions are controlled by individual PID controllers. An extensive sensitivity study is carried out on a total of nine cases with different current speeds, current headings, and measurement noise levels. The results show that tuning a model solely using step responses from a linearized model might not produce optimal results. Further it is important to verify the system responses in time domain after tuning. Finally, it is observed that re-tuning the controllers for each simulation case may lead to better performance. However, it is also shown that the base case controller gains are sufficiently robust and lead to good performances for the other simulation cases.
Study of rail-wheel contact problem by analytical and numerical approaches
Authors: Sirata G G , Lemu H G , Waclawiak K , Jelila Y D 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study presents the rail wheel contact problems under normal and tangential categories. Both analytical and numerical approaches were used for modelling, where the analytical approach assumed elliptical contact patches based on the Hertz theory. In the numerical approach, 3D finite element models were used to investigate non-elliptical contact patches. The only elastic material model was considered in the case of Hertz theory. However, in the case of finite element analysis, both elastic and elastoplastic material models were used to simulate the material's behavior under the applied load. The elastoplastic material model was used to determine the amount of stress at which the plastic deformation starts, which enables determining the rail wheel's critical load. The commercial software ABAQUS was employed for 3D modeling and contact stress analysis. The study shows maximum stress at 3 mm from the rail wheel contact surface when the maximum load of 85 kN is applied. This initiates the cracks in the subsurface and causes the portion of the rail wheel to break off in the form of spalling after a certain time.
Local and global assessments of a subsea riser-spool connection under dropped impact loads
Authors: Liu Z , Igland R , Bruaseth S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Subsea riser tube and spool is often used together to connect the riser of jacket to flowline or pipeline. Due to its limited size (less than 200 m), the location is within the lifting zones of the platform. Consequently, the dropped object hazard has potential high risk and needs to be checked. This paper presents a numerical study on accessing the structural dynamics of a subsea riser connection under the dropped container impact loads. De-coupled local and global models were established. The impact impulse was obtained from local impact analysis by Abaqus Explicit solver, in which deformations from container and pipeline are both captured. The impact energy level is in line with the risk assessment. The global model was built by ANSYS APDL macros. A simple input file is only needed for end users. The nonlinear pipe and soil interaction are included in a simplified manner. The model comprises of static and dynamic analysis parts. The static analysis captures the in-place configuration and the functional loads. The dynamic analysis is a restart with inherited stress state from static analysis. The impact impulse was applied by point loads in a certain time range. The nonlinear soil stiffness was approached by spring elements (compression only). The dynamic analysis was done in a longer time, ensuring to capture any dynamic effects. The interface loads at the riser stick-out and riser anchor are both extracted and discussed. It is shown that present structure design can withstand the dropped loads at the input energy level.
Capacity of concrete structures with corroded reinforcement and prestressing tendons
Authors: Sigvaldsen M , Ersdal G , Markeset G , Samarakoon S , Langeteig M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The main degradation mechanism for concrete structures is corrosion of the reinforcement and prestressing tendons. Management of structures with such degradation requires detailed understanding of their remaining strength and safety and if necessary, make a decision regarding repairs or replacement of the structure or components. Some simplified methods for estimating the residual capacity of concrete structures do exist, primarily based on a reduction of the flexural capacity equal to the percentage of the corroded area. In this paper, a more physical understanding and description of the influence of corrosion on the strength is investigated, based on a reduction of the area of the reinforcement and prestressing tendons both due to uniform corrosion and pitting corrosion. The results of these models are successfully compared to experimental results of concrete beams with corrosion. Particularly corrosion of post-tensioned tendons is a concern for concrete structures. Some disturbing examples of collapse of concrete bridges have been seen as a result of such corrosion. The paper highlights the importance of the significant strength loss of the reinforcement as a result of corrosion itself, but also the loss of ductility due to possible hydrogen embrittlement and hydrogen induced stress corrosion cracking. The paper also suggests sulphate reducing bacteria as a possible explanation to corrosion issues related to corrosion of post-tensioned tendon structures where no chloride is found. The aim of the paper is to propose a method to calculate a lower bound estimate of the remaining capacity of concrete beams with corrosion damage to reinforcement and to the prestressing tendons.
A methodology for collecting donning times of thermal protective immersion suits intended to be worn by passengers on vessels operating in cold environments
Authors: Brünig R , Galea E R , Batalden B M , Oltedal H A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Adequate thermal protection for passengers travelling on-board vessels in cold climate regions, such as that provided by thermal protective immersion suits (TPIS), enhances passenger survivability in emergency situations, in particular those requiring the abandonment of the vessel. As emergency abandonment is a time critical process, it is essential to consider the time required to correctly don the TPIS. Testing standards, such as the International Maritime Organization guidelines, require that TPIS must be able to be donned within 2 minutes. Unfortunately, current practices quantifying donning times are questionable and so there is a limited evidence base that reliably quantifies donning times required by typical passengers. This paper presents a test procedure designed to reliably quantify the time required by test subjects to don the TPIS. Furthermore, the procedure assesses the donning correctness – a TPIS that is incorrectly donned is unlikely to offer appropriate thermal protection. The paper will also discuss the deficiencies in current practices to assess required donning time.
Study of the metocean conditions for the Russian Arctic Shelf development projects approaches and results: Review for the period of 2012-2021
Authors: Buzin I V , Gudoshnikov Y P , Nesterov A V , Naumov A K , Skutina E A , Smirnov K G , Andreev O M , Vinogradov R A , Novikov S A , Skutin A A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The FSBI AARI is the leading State Scientific Center of Russia, which is involved in studying the natural environment of the Polar Regions and its impact on human activity for over a century. In the last 30 years, the new sphere of activity, dealing with the specialized metocean (including ice) surveys for the purpose of Arctic Offshore Development was successfully developed here. For the most important Arctic Offshore projects the full set of these specialized studies was conducted by the Institution. The paper gives an overview of AARI’s scientific and applied scope and tasks, a general chronology of the surveys on the Russian Arctic Shelf since 1990-s, a description of the main study methods, and an overview of the main results of studies for the last ten years (2012-2021). It is demonstrated that the role of detailed ice and metocean surveys is often determinative in sense of design and construction of Arctic Offshore objects.
Identifying challenges facing reliable supply chains and ways to mitigate then for mining in the Baffin Bay region
Authors: Taarup-Esbensen J , Gudmestad O T 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
There are substantial economic opportunities in extracting minerals in the Arctic region. However, it has proven difficult for operators to ensure reliable supply chains (SCs) north of the Arctic Circle. This paper uses a case study approach to illustrate the challenges of SCs reliability for mining projects in the northern Baffin Bay and on Greenland, discussing the technological and organisational developments that can mitigate them. A bow-tie approach shows the challenges faced by the industry and the effect of mitigating initiatives. We conclude that increased traffic will require technological, organisational and infrastructure developments to manage SC hazards and increase SC reliability. The available protective and preventive barriers have focused on avoiding periods where hazards could impact SC reliability. However, this strategy is unsustainable in the long term as a viable strategy for mining operations. It exposes the operations to Arctic hazards that are difficult to mitigate when time is limited. The consequence is that SCs often lack access to effective Arctic hazard barriers, ensuring increased SC reliability.