bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single-molecule imaging and microfluidic platform reveal molecular mechanisms of leukemic cell rolling
Authors: Al Alwan Bader , AbuZineh Karmen , Nozue Shuho , Rakhmatulina Aigerim , Aldehaiman Mansour , Al-Amoodi Asma S. , Serag Maged F. , Aleisa Fajr A. , Merzaban Jasmeen S. , Habuchi Satoshi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) and leukemic cell homing is an important biological phenomenon that occurs through key interactions between adhesion molecules. Tethering and rolling of the cells on endothelium, the crucial initial step of the adhesion cascade, is mediated by interactions between selectins expressed on endothelium to their ligands expressed on HSPCs/leukemic cells in flow. Although multiple factors that affect the rolling behavior of the cells have been identified, molecular mechanisms that enable the essential slow and stable cell rolling remain elusive. Here, using a microfluidics-based single-molecule live cell fluorescence imaging, we reveal that unique spatiotemporal dynamics of selectin ligands on the membrane tethers and slings, which are distinct from that on the cell body, play an essential role in the rolling of the cell. Our results suggest that the spatial confinement of the selectin ligands to the tethers and slings together with the rapid scanning of a large area by the selectin ligands, increases the efficiency of selectin-ligand interactions during cell rolling, resulting in slow and stable rolling of the cell on the selectins. Our findings provide novel insights and contribute significantly to the molecular-level understanding of the initial and essential step of the homing process.
Light-induced enhancement of superconductivity in iron-based superconductor FeSe0.5Te0.5
Authors: Isoyama Kazuki , Yoshikawa Naotaka , Katsumi Kota , Wong Jeremy , Shikama Naoki , Sakishita Yuki , Nabeshima Fuyuki , Maeda Atsutaka , Shimano Ryo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIllumination of light on matter normally causes heating and destroys the ordered ground states. Despite this common understanding, recent advances in ultrafast light sources have enabled the non-thermal control of quantum phases. Here, we report the light-induced enhancement of superconductivity in a thin film of an iron chalcogenide FeSe0.5Te0.5, which exhibits multiple quantum condensates associated with the multi-orbital character. Upon the photoexcitation, we observed a transient increase of the superfluid density as indicated by the optical conductivity in the frequency range of superconducting gaps. The light-induced enhancement of superconductivity is further corroborated by the photoinduced enhancement of terahertz third harmonic generation, which is accounted for by the Higgs mode response. The ultrafast dynamics of two superfluid components revealed by frequency- and time-resolved terahertz measurements indicate the interplay between the condensates through the interband Cooper pairings while suggesting the potential tunability of the pairing interaction by light in the ultrafast timescale.
Discovery of a recurrent spectral evolutionary cycle in the ultra-luminous X-ray sources Holmberg II X–1 and NGC 5204 X–1
Authors: Gúrpide A. , Godet O. , Vasilopoulos G. , Webb N. A. , Olive J.-F. 
Published: July 2021

Context. Most ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are now thought to be powered by stellar-mass compact objects accreting at super-Eddington rates. While the discovery of evolutionary cycles have marked a breakthrough in our understanding of the accretion flow changes in the sub-Eddington regime in Galactic black hole binaries, their evidence in the super-Eddington regime has so far remained elusive. However, recent circumstantial evidence hinted at the presence of a recurrent evolutionary cycle in two archetypal ULXs: Holmberg II X–1 and NGC 5204 X–1.
Aims. We aim to build on our previous work and exploit the long-term high-cadence monitoring of Swift-XRT in order to provide robust evidence of the evolutionary cycle in these two sources and investigate the main physical parameters inducing their spectral transitions.
Methods. We studied the long-term evolution of both sources using hardness-intensity diagrams (HID) and by means of Lomb–Scargle periodograms and Gaussian process modelling to look for periodic variability. We also applied a physically motivated model to the combined Chandra, XMM-Newton, NuSTAR, and Swift-XRT data of each of the source spectral states.
Results. We robustly show that both sources follow a clear and recurrent evolutionary pattern in the HID that can be characterised by the hard ultra-luminous (HUL) and soft ultra-luminous (SUL) spectral regimes, and a third state with characteristics similar to the super-soft ultra-luminous (SSUL) state. The transitions between the soft states seem consistent with aperiodic variability, as revealed by a timing analysis of the light curve of Holmberg II X–1; albeit, further investigation is warranted. The light curve of NGC 5204 X–1 shows a stable periodicity on a longer baseline of ∼200 days, possibly associated with the duration of the evolutionary cycle.
Conclusions. The similarities between both sources provide strong evidence of both systems hosting the same type of accretor and/or accretion flow geometry. We support a scenario in which the spectral changes from HUL to SUL are due to a periodic increase of the mass-transfer rate and subsequent narrowing of the opening angle of the super-critical funnel. The narrower funnel, combined with stochastic variability imprinted by the wind, might explain the rapid and aperiodic variability responsible for the SUL–SSUL spectral changes. The nature of the longer periodicity of NGC 5204 X–1 remains unclear, and robust determination of the orbital period of these sources could shed light on the nature of the periodic modulation found. Based on the similarities between the two sources, a long periodicity should be detectable in Holmberg II X–1 with future monitoring.
Traumatisme et névrose de l’adolescence
Authors: Marty François 
Published: July 2021

En proposant dans ce chapitre de considérer que c’est tout l’infantile qui est relu, faisant ainsi événement pubertaire traumatique, nous tentons d’établir une généralisation de la théorie du traumatisme donnant sens à l’événement pubertaire, à son effet de seuil. C’est la réécriture du sexuel, inhérente à l’événement et à l’effraction pubertaire, qui crée une forme de traumatisme : «traumatisme par séduction» que le processus d’adolescence élabore ou traduit en névrose. Le processus d’adolescence névrotise la violence inhérente et à l’effraction pubertaire et à l’événement pubertaire : effraction et événement pubertaires pouvant être entendus comme les facteurs actuels et infantiles d’une névrose traumatique « normale » qui se constituerait sur ces facteurs élémentaires du pubertaire.
La violence de l’adolescence s’élabore dans la grande majorité des parcours d’adolescence, le processus d’adolescence s’y déploie, suite à cette réaction traumatique pubertaire, pour en transformer la violence. Cette transformation se joue, notamment, dans la trajectoire singulière de la « réinvention d’une sexualité » vers la rencontre de l’autre sexe; trajectoire sur laquelle la créativité, le rôle des fantasmes pubertaires et leur traversée sont des itinéraires nécessaires. C’est la rencontre avec la nouveauté que porte en lui l’autre sexe qui crée un effet de complémentarité, une destination libidinale « réussie » où l’un et l’autre sexe « s’entreconjoignent ». La violence de l’adolescence trouve ainsi une voie de transformation capable d’opérer un véritable changement de registre, soit le passage du phallique au génital.
Dialyse bei COVID-19: Herausforderungen und Besonderheiten für die nephrologische Pflege
Authors: Wiegard-Szramek Ina , Eikelmann Matthias , Kehl Oliver , Reichardt Michael 
Published: July 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGIn diesem Artikel möchten wir, Kollegen vom Vorstand des Fachverbands nephrologischer Berufsgruppen (fnb e. V.), aus unserem Arbeitsalltag und aus verschiedenen Kliniken berichten und versuchen, so die aus der Corona-Pandemie entstandenen Veränderungen aufzuzeigen. Es kann in den Erfahrungsberichten zu Überschneidungen kommen, was aber der Vielzahl von Erfahrungen geschuldet ist. Die bearbeiteten Themen lauten: spezielle organisatorische Herausforderungen bei der Versorgung von Dialysepatienten in der Corona-Pandemie, Versorgung von PD-Patienten (PD: Peritonealdialyse) in der Heimdialyseversorgung und in der PD-Ambulanz, spezielle Aspekte im Umgang mit an COVID-19 erkrankten und dialysepflichtigen Patienten in der stationären Therapie und Intensivtherapie sowie Veränderungen in der Fachweiterbildung.
COVID-19-Pandemie in der stationären Dialyse und Intensivmedizin
Authors: van der Giet Markus 
Published: July 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGEs hat sich schon früh in der COVID-19-Pandemie (COVID-19: Coronavirus Disease 2019) gezeigt, dass Patienten mit schweren Krankheitsverläufen in der Konsequenz sehr häufig auch ein akutes Nierenversagen bekommen. Auch wenn es Hinweise gibt, dass COVID-19 auch direkt die Niere angreifen kann, so ist die hohe Inzidenz des akuten Nierenversagens eher auf den insgesamt schweren Krankheitsverlauf zurückzuführen. Viele Patienten brauchen im Rahmen des akuten Nierenversagens eine Nierenersatztherapie bei insgesamt sehr hoher Mortalität der Patienten. Bei Patienten, die das dialysepflichtige Nierenversagen überleben, kann sich die Nierenfunktion wieder erholen, wobei ein Anteil der Patienten möglicherweise dauerhaft ein Nierenproblem zurückbehält. Es erscheint von besonderer Wichtigkeit, dass schwere Krankheitsverläufe verhindert werden müssen. Der Einfluss von leichten COVID-19-Verläufen auf die Niere ist bisher nicht bekannt.
Der venöse Schleifenshunt 2
Authors: Krönung Gerhard 
Published: July 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGLoop-Konfigurationen sind nicht auf Gefäßersatz-Shunts beschränkt, haben klinisch viele Vorteile und können durch die typische Armvenentopografie mit 2 parallelen Leitvenen oft auch rein venös bei Shuntrevisionen realisiert werden.
Online-Schulung mit praktischen Übungen an Cycler-Maschinen
Authors: Mikut Cornelia , Reiher Carmen , Kitsche Benno 
Published: July 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGSchulungen und Weiterqualifizierungen waren noch bis Anfang des Jahres 2020 auf den Unterricht in Präsenz ausgerichtet. Möglichkeiten im E-Learning Bereich waren zwar bekannt, spielten jedoch noch keine prägnante Rolle in der Gestaltung der Aus-, Fort- und Weiterbildung. So auch im KfH. Im KfH-Bildungszentrum in Elfershausen trafen sich Kollegen zum Austausch, zum Lernen und zum Vernetzen. Als COVID-19 uns in den ersten Lockdown zwang, glaubten wir noch, es sei nur eine kurze Zeit zu überbrücken. Die wichtigsten Schulungen, wie bspw. die Weiterqualifizierungen zur Medizinischen Fachangestellten in der Dialyse oder Assistenzpersonal in der Dialyse, wurden in kürzester Zeit in ein Online-Schulungsformat umgestaltet. Restliche Formate wurden abgesagt – fest in der Hoffnung, sie bald wieder in Präsenz anbieten zu können. Mit dem Anhalten der Krise wurden die Kollegen im KfH-Bildungszentrum sicherer im Umgang mit digitalen Medien und dem didaktischen Vermitteln verschiedener Inhalte. Der Fokus lag jedoch v. a. auf theoretischen Inhalten. In 2 Nierenzentren war eine dringende Schulung zur Bedienung der Cycler-Maschinen notwendig. Unterschiedlichste Gründe ließen keinen Aufschub mehr zu. So entwickelten wir eine erstmalige Online-Schulung mit praktischem Schwerpunkt. Wir möchten über die Skepsis, den Mut und die Überraschung berichten.
Treatment of Peripheral Nerve Compression Syndromes of the Upper Extremities: a Systematic Review
Authors: Freund Gerrit , Dafotakis Manuel , Bahm Jörg , Beier Justus P. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background Nerve compression syndromes are referred to as chronic irritation or pressure palsies of peripheral nerves in areas of preformed anatomical constriction. Carpal tunnel
syndrome is the most common nerve compression syndrome, followed by cubital tunnel syndrome. In addition, less frequent nerve compression syndromes of the upper extremities that affect the
median, ulnar or radial nerves have been described. This review provides an overview of current treatment options for nerve compression syndromes of the upper extremities.
Study Design Systematic overview.
Methods Based on established national (AWMF) and international guidelines as well as the Cochrane Library, we performed a systematic literature search on PubMed (NLM), focusing on
randomised controlled trials.
Results Over the research period (2012 – 2020), there were 43 randomised trials that investigated surgical carpal tunnel release methods, 68 that compared different conservative
therapies and 12 that compared surgical versus conservative treatments. Furthermore, eight studies analysed surgical techniques and four analysed conservative techniques for cubital tunnel
syndrome. No randomised trials were conducted on the less common peripheral nerve compression syndromes, but case reports and observational studies were conducted.
Conclusion For carpal and cubital tunnel syndromes, there are evidence-based diagnostic methods as well as therapeutic recommendations based on randomised and controlled trials. When
diagnosis is made after clinical examination and supported by radiological and electrophysiological evaluation, surgical treatment is considered superior to conservative treatment. In
particular, excellent long-term results can be achieved by surgery for carpal and cubital tunnel syndromes. More controlled studies are needed to establish evidence-based therapeutic
recommendations for the less common nerve compression syndromes, which are somewhat controversially and inconsistently defined.
Convenient Synthesis of Benzofuro[3,2-b]quinolines from 1-Azadienes and Arynes
Authors: Tian Shi-Kai , Wang Qi , Wang Yan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn efficient method has been developed for the synthesis of benzofuro[3,2-b]quinolines through tandem [4+2] cycloaddition/ aromatization under transition-metal-free conditions. A range of aurone­-derived N-tosyl-1-azadienes smoothly reacted with arynes, generated­ in situ via fluoride ion-induced 1,2-elimination of 2-(trimethyl­silyl)aryl triflates, delivering structurally diverse benzofuro[3,2-b]quinolines in moderate to good yields.
Clinical and Radiological Phenotypes and Endotypes
Authors: José Ricardo J. , Loebinger Michael R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBronchiectasis is a heterogenous disease with multiple etiologies and associated comorbidities. As bronchiectasis is a complex disease, it is unsound to think of it as a single disease particularly when the differing etiologies are likely to be driving bronchiectasis through initial divergent molecular pathways, known as endotypes, that phenotypically present as the same disease due to protracted airway inflammation, but revealing potential differing underlying mechanisms that may have disparity of drug responses. Improved understanding of the cellular immune, inflammatory, and microbiological milieu associated with clinical and radiological features of bronchiectasis has resulted in the recognition of important endotypes and phenotypes that will allow for personalized treatments to improve quality of life and outcomes of patients with bronchiectasis. Here we discuss clinical and radiological phenotypes, as well as emerging molecular endotypes that are possible treatable traits in bronchiectasis.
Bronchiectasis Exacerbations: Definitions, Causes, and Acute Management
Authors: Perl Sivan , Shteinberg Michal 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPulmonary exacerbations (PExs) are events in the course of bronchiectasis which are defined as an increase in disease symptoms lasting a period of a few days. It is established that the tendency toward having PEx is stable throughout the course of the disease. Certain conditions were found to be associated with an increased risk of developing a PEx. Among these are chronic airway infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Aspergillus species, concomitant airway diseases (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and chronic rhinosinusitis), genetic factors such as primary ciliary dyskinesia, and nutritional factors. The immediate events underlying the onset of a PEx are less clearly determined. Although acute changes in bacterial airway composition have been the paradigm for decades, recent microbiome-focused research has not uniformly established such acute changes at the onset of PEx. Other acute changes such as air pollution, viral infection, and changes in bacterial metabolic activity have also been implicated as causes of a PEx. Despite these gaps in our knowledge of the biology of PEx, antimicrobial therapy directed against the identified pathogens in sputum is currently the recommended therapeutic strategy. Various long-term therapies, including antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory strategies, have been proven effective in reducing the frequency of PEx, leading to a recommendation for the use of these strategies in people with frequent PEx.
Long-Term Antibiotics in Bronchiectasis
Authors: Suarez-Cuartin Guillermo , Hernandez-Argudo Marta , Perea Lidia , Sibila Oriol 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA significant proportion of bronchiectasis patients are chronically infected by potentially pathogenic microorganisms which may lead to frequent exacerbations and worse clinical outcomes. Current bronchiectasis guidelines recommend long-term inhaled antibiotics and/or oral macrolides as a part of patient management. In recent years, an increasing amount of evidence assessing the impact of these treatments on patient outcomes has been collected. Inhaled antibiotics have demonstrated significant improvements in sputum bacterial load, but their impact on patient quality of life, lung function, and exacerbation rate has not been consistent across trials. In this regard, recent post hoc analyses of inhaled antibiotics trials in bronchiectasis patients have shown that sputum bacterial load may be a key biomarker to predict treatment response in these patients. Oral macrolides, on the other hand, have proven to reduce exacerbation frequency and improve quality of life, but potential drug-related adverse effects and the increase in bacterial resistance are relevant. This review aims to summarize current important evidence for long-term antibiotic treatment in bronchiectasis patients.
Disentangling the Psycholinguistic Loci of Anomia with Cognitive Psychometric Models
Authors: Walker Grant M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article reviews advanced statistical techniques for measuring impairments in object naming, particularly in the context of stroke-induced aphasia. Traditional testing strategies can be challenged by the multifaceted nature of impairments that arise due to the complex relationships between localized brain damage and disruption to the cognitive processes required for successful object naming. Cognitive psychometric models can combine response-type analysis with item-response theory to yield accurate estimates of multiple abilities using data collected from a single task. The models also provide insights about how the test items can be challenging in different ways. Although more work is needed to fully optimize their clinical utility in practice, these formal concepts can guide thoughtful selection of stimuli used in treatment or assessment, as well as providing a framework to interpret response-type data.
Novel Nonproprietary Measures of Ambulatory Electronic Health Record Use Associated with Physician Work Exhaustion
Authors: Sinha Amrita , Shanafelt Tait D. , Trockel Mickey , Wang Hanhan , Sharp Christopher 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence indicates an association between physician electronic health record (EHR) use after work hours and occupational distress including burnout. These studies are based on either physician perception of time spent in EHR through surveys which may be prone to bias or by utilizing vendor-defined EHR use measures which often rely on proprietary algorithms that may not take into account variation in physician's schedules which may underestimate time spent on the EHR outside of scheduled clinic time. The Stanford team developed and refined a nonproprietary EHR use algorithm to track the number of hours a physician spends logged into the EHR and calculates the Clinician Logged-in Outside Clinic (CLOC) time, the number of hours spent by a physician on the EHR outside of allocated time for patient care.
Objective The objective of our study was to measure the association between CLOC metrics and validated measures of physician burnout and professional fulfillment.
Methods Physicians from adult outpatient Internal Medicine, Neurology, Dermatology, Hematology, Oncology, Rheumatology, and Endocrinology departments who logged more than 8 hours of scheduled clinic time per week and answered the annual wellness survey administered in Spring 2019 were included in the analysis.
Results We observed a statistically significant positive correlation between CLOC ratio (defined as the ratio of CLOC time to allocated time for patient care) and work exhaustion (Pearson's r = 0.14; p = 0.04), but not interpersonal disengagement, burnout, or professional fulfillment.
Conclusion The CLOC metrics are potential objective EHR activity-based markers associated with physician work exhaustion. Our results suggest that the impact of time spent on EHR, while associated with exhaustion, does not appear to be a dominant factor driving the high rates of occupational burnout in physicians.
Opioid Prescribing for Proximal Row Carpectomy versus Four-Corner Arthrodesis
Authors: Moran Thomas E. , Akinleye Sheriff D. , Demers Alex J. , Forster Grace L. , DeGeorge Brent R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground Proximal row carpectomy (PRC) and four-corner arthrodesis (4-CA) represent motion-sparing procedures for addressing degenerative wrist pathologies. While both procedures demonstrate comparable functional outcomes, postoperative pain presents a surgical challenge that often necessitates the use of opioids.Objectives The aim of this study was to (1) compare opioid prescribing patterns surrounding PRC and 4-CA, (2) identify risk factors predisposing patients to increased perioperative and prolonged postoperative opioids, and (3) examine the association between opioids and perioperative health care utilization.Patients and Methods PearlDiver Patients Records Database was used to retrospectively identify patients undergoing primary PRC and 4-CA between 2010 and 2018. Patient demographics, comorbidities, prescription drug usage, and perioperative health care utilization were evaluated. Perioperative opioid prescriptions and post-operative opioid prescriptions were recorded. Logistic regression analysis evaluated the association of patient risk factors.Results There was no significant difference in perioperative (PRC [odds ratio {OR}: 0.84, p = 0.788]; 4-CA [OR: 0.75, p = 0.658]) or prolonged postoperative opioid prescriptions (PRC [OR: 0.95, p = 0.927]; 4-CA [OR: 0.99, p = 0.990]) between PRC and 4-CA. Chronic back pain and use of benzodiazepines or anticonvulsants were associated with increased risks of prolonged postoperative opioids. Prolonged postoperative opioids presented increased risks of emergency department visits (OR: 2.09, p = 0.019) and hospital readmissions (OR: 10.2, p = 0.003).Conclusion No significant differences exist in the prescription of opioids for PRC versus 4-CA. Both procedures have high amounts of prolonged postoperative opioid use, which is associated with increased risks of emergency department visits and hospital readmissions.Level of Evidence This is a level III, retrospective comparative study.