bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization and Electrocatalytic Features of PtPd and PdPt Bimetallic Nanoparticles for Methanol Electro‐oxidation
Authors: Higareda América , Rosas Gerardo , Pérez Ramiro , Esparza Rodrigo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis work entails a comprehensive study on PtPd, and PdPt bimetallic nanoparticles (BNPs) supported on Vulcan XC‐72 carbon towards methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) in alkaline media. BNPs with different compositions were synthesized using a flexible and facile polyol method through a heterogeneous nucleation process. The homogeneous BNPs were characterized by SEM, XRD, HR‐TEM and XRF to analyse the crystallographic structure and verified the controlled characteristics. The electrochemical properties and stability were investigated using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry, respectively. As a consequence of the electrocatalysts’ controlled composition, a direct correlation between the catalytic activity and the shift in the PtO/PdO reduction potential was observed. The optimal electrocatalyst that overcomes the catalytic performance of PdPt structure, also showed an improvement in the CO anti‐poisoning ability was PtPd (1 : 0.5)/C with a current density of 12.56‐fold higher than of commercial Pt/C. This study about different Pt/Pd structures may provide valuable information for developing new and efficient electrocatalysts towards MOR.
Vividly warm: The color saturation of logos on brands' customer sensitivity judgment
Authors: Xiao Chunqu , Zhu Hong , Wang Xin , Wu Liang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractColors play an essential role in brand image, especially in brand logos. The extant research has mainly focused on the hue and ignoring the saturation. The current research has provided a new insight that logos with high saturated colors could help brands to increase intimacy with customers and further benefit the brand image. A series of studies tested the effect of color saturation on the brand's customer sensitivity. Study 1 showed that shoes with the high saturated logo were evaluated more comfortable than those with low saturated logo. Study 2 repeated this effect and found that perceived closeness mediated this effect. Study 3 revealed that logo shapes moderated this effect. Specifically, the effect of color saturation on the brand's customer sensitivity judgment only existed in circular logos. Study 4 showed that brand origins moderated this effect. The color saturation effect on purchase intentions reversed for non‐local brands. The present research extends the exploration of color saturation on consumer behaviors and provides practical implications for brands to choose the right logo color.
Combined Crossed Molecular Beams and Ab Initio Study of the Bimolecular Reaction of Ground State Atomic Silicon (Si; 3P) with Germane (GeH4; X1A1)
Authors: Krasnoukhov Vladislav S. , Azyazov Valeriy N. , Mebel Alexander M. , Doddipatla Srinivas , Yang Zhenghai , Goettl Shane , Kaiser Ralf I. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe chemical dynamics of the elementary reaction of ground state atomic silicon (Si; 3P) with germane (GeH4; X1A1) were unraveled in the gas phase under single collision condition at a collision energy of 11.8±0.3 kJ mol−1 exploiting the crossed molecular beams technique contemplated with electronic structure calculations. The reaction follows indirect scattering dynamics and is initiated through an initial barrierless insertion of the silicon atom into one of the four chemically equivalent germanium‐hydrogen bonds forming a triplet collision complex (HSiGeH3; 3i1). This intermediate underwent facile intersystem crossing (ISC) to the singlet surface (HSiGeH3; 1i1). The latter isomerized via at least three hydrogen atom migrations involving exotic, hydrogen bridged reaction intermediates eventually leading to the H3SiGeH isomer i5. This intermediate could undergo unimolecular decomposition yielding the dibridged butterfly‐structured isomer 1p1 (Si(μ‐H2)Ge) plus molecular hydrogen through a tight exit transition state. Alternatively, up to two subsequent hydrogen shifts to i6 and i7, followed by fragmentation of each of these intermediates, could also form 1p1 (Si(μ‐H2)Ge) along with molecular hydrogen. The overall non‐adiabatic reaction dynamics provide evidence on the existence of exotic dinuclear hydrides of main group XIV elements, whose carbon analog structures do not exist.
Mechanochromic Luminescence and Solid‐State Circularly Polarized Luminescence of a Chiral Diamine‐Linked Bispyrene
Authors: Ito Suguru , Sekine Ryohei , Munakata Masayasu , Asami Masatoshi , Tachikawa Takashi , Kaji Daiki , Mishima Kohei , Imai Yoshitane 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDespite the recent increased interest in organic small molecule luminophores that exhibit circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) or mechanochromic luminescence (MCL), MCL behavior in chiral luminophores that display solid‐state CPL still remains elusive. Herein, it is reported that a chiral diamine‐linked bispyrene derivative exhibits a rare MCL behavior in response to two different types of mechanical stimuli, namely utrasonication and grinding. Moreover, an unprecedented switching of solid‐state CPL has been achieved for the chiral bispyrene between two states that can respond to the different mechanical stimuli. These findings should help to advance the development of practical CPL materials.
A portable method for predicting the germination percentage of sorghum × sudangrass seed using multispectral images
Authors: Hui Yunting , Wang Decheng , You Yong , Tang Xin , Peng Yaoqi , Zhu Lu , Huan Xiaolong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe high quality of sorghum × sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. × S. sudanense (Piper) Stapf.] seed is an important prerequisite for its application in animal husbandry, and germination percentage is one of the most routine indicators used to test seed quality. This study proposes a method for the rapid and nondestructive measurement of sorghum × sudangrass seed germination percentage based on multispectral image technology. We constructed target region in sorghum × sudangrass seed samples, and after white board calibration and ratio conversion, the spectral reflectance of each group of seeds was obtained at five wavebands. A seed germination test was performed in an incubator, and germination percentage was obtained from 100 sorghum × sudangrass seed samples. Using the neural network and the Levenberg–Marquardt method, spectral reflectance and germination percentage data from the 100 seed samples were used to establish a predictive model of seed germination percentage. The input neurons were reflectance in five wavelength bands, and the output neuron was seeds germination percentage. Experimental data from 80 samples were randomly selected for training, and data from the remaining 20 nontraining samples were imported into the predictive model for simulation verification. The fitting correlation coefficient of the model was .73202, representing the relevant closing degree, and the correlation coefficient between the predicted value and the simulation value from 20 nontraining samples was .7533, which referred to the relationship between variables. The model was able to predict the seed germination percentage with acceptable accuracy. Therefore, the nondestructive method described here may be suitable for rapid detection of sorghum × sudangrass seed germination percentage in the context of seed production.
Identification of kinases and kinase inhibitors for the differential targeting of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in gastric cancer subtypes
Authors: Bhaskar Rao Divya , Devanandan Helen Jemimah , Ganesan Kumaresan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe oncogenic signaling pathway Wnt is often activated in many cancers including gastric cancer. Wnt signaling pathway is considered as a potential target for developing new targeted therapeutics. Kinase inhibitors are the promising class of drugs for many diseases including cancers. Toward identifying the potent inhibitors targeting Wnt signaling pathway, a kinase inhibitor library with 82 inhibitors were screened using Wnt pathway reporter assay in gastric cancer cells. Notably, 34 kinase inhibitors were identified to inhibit Wnt mediated reporter activity to the extent of more than 50%. The corresponding kinase genes, which are known targets of these kinase inhibitors, were investigated for their expression in the available mRNA profiles of gastric tumors. A major group of the kinase genes showed higher expression in intestinal subtype gastric tumors. Another group of kinase genes were found expressed in diffuse type gastric tumors. The kinase genes expressed in intestinal type gastric tumors were found associated with varying survival of gastric cancer patients whereas those expressed in diffuse type tumors were found associated with the poor survival. Thus, the kinase genes specifically expressed in intestinal and diffuse type gastric tumors and the kinase inhibitors to target Wnt signaling pathway in gastric cancer subtypes have been identified.
Demographic history and local adaptation of Myripnois dioica (Asteraceae) provide insight on plant evolution in northern China flora
Authors: Lin Nan , Landis Jacob B. , Sun Yanxia , Huang Xianhan , Zhang Xu , Liu Qun , Zhang Huajie , Sun Hang , Wang Hengchang , Deng Tao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe flora of northern China forms the main part of the Sino‐Japanese floristic region and is located in a south–north vegetative transect in East Asia. Phylogeographic studies have demonstrated that an arid belt in this region has promoted divergence of plants in East Asia. However, little is known about how plants that are restricted to the arid belt of flora in northern China respond to climatic oscillation and environmental change. Here, we used genomic‐level data of Myripnois dioica across its distribution as a representative of northern China flora to reconstruct plant demographic history, examine local adaptation related to environmental disequilibrium, and investigate the factors related to effective population size change. Our results indicate M. dioica originated from the northern area and expanded to the southern area, with the Taihang Mountains serving as a physical barrier promoting population divergence. Genome‐wide evidence found strong correlation between genomic variation and environmental factors, specifically signatures associated with local adaptation to drought stress in heterogeneous environments. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed joint effects of population age, mean temperature of coldest quarter, and precipitation of wettest month on effective population size (Ne). Our current study uses M. dioica as a case for providing new insights into the evolutionary history and local adaptation of northern China flora and provides qualitative strategies for plant conservation.
Transfer efficiency of carbon, nutrients, and polyunsaturated fatty acids in planktonic food webs under different environmental conditions
Authors: Karpowicz Maciej , Feniova Irina , Gladyshev Michail I. , Ejsmont‐Karabin Jolanta , Górniak Andrzej , Sushchik Nadezhda N. , Anishchenko Olesya V. , Dzialowski Andrew R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe trophic transfer efficiency (TTE) is an important indicator of ecosystem functioning. However, TTE data from freshwater food webs are ambiguous due to differences in time scales and methods. We investigated the transfer of essential substances (carbon, nutrients, and polyunsaturated fatty acids) through plankton communities in 30 Polish lakes with different trophic status in the middle of summer. The results of our study revealed that different essential substances were transferred from phytoplankton to zooplankton with varying efficiencies. The average TTE of C, N, P, and the sum of ω‐3 PUFA were 6.55%, 9.82%, 15.82%, and 20.90%, respectively. Our results also show a large mismatch between the elemental and biochemical compositions of zooplankton and their food during the peak of the summer stagnation, which may further promote the accumulation of essential substances. There were also large differences in TTEs between trophic conditions, with the highest efficiencies in oligotrophic lakes and the lowest in dystrophic and eutrophic lakes. Therefore, our study indicates that disturbances like eutrophication and dystrophication similarly decrease the TTE of essential substances between phytoplankton and zooplankton in freshwater food webs.
Complete mitochondrial genomes of three skippers in the tribe Aeromachini (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae) and their phylogenetic implications
Authors: Hao Xiangyu , Liu Jiaqi , Chiba Hideyuki , Xiao Jintian , Yuan Xiangqun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe mitochondrial genome is now widely used in the study of phylogenetics and molecular evolution due to its maternal inheritance, fast evolutionary rate, and highly conserved gene content. To explore the phylogenetic relationships of the tribe Aeromachini within the subfamily Hesperiinae at the mitochondrial genomic level, we sequenced and annotated the complete mitogenomes of 3 skippers: Ampittia virgata, Halpe nephele, and Onryza maga (new mitogenomes for 2 genera) with a total length of 15,333 bp, 15,291 bp, and 15,381 bp, respectively. The mitogenomes all contain 13 protein‐coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), 2 ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), and a noncoding A + T‐rich region and are consistent with other lepidopterans in gene order and type. In addition, we reconstructed the phylogenetic trees of Hesperiinae using maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods based on mitogenomic data. Results show that the tribe Aeromachini in this study robustly constitute a monophyletic group in the subfamily Hesperiinae, with the relationships Coeliadinae + (Euschemoninae + (Pyrginae + ((Eudaminae + Tagiadinae) + (Heteropterinae + ((Trapezitinae + Barcinae) + Hesperiinae))))). Moreover, our study supports the view that Apostictopterus fuliginosus and Barca bicolor should be placed out of the subfamily Hesperiinae.
Population ecology of the spectacled caiman (Caiman crocodilus) in the Apaporis River middle basin
Authors: Balaguera‐Reina Sergio A. , Vargas‐Castillo Alfredo , Densmore Llewellyn D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPopulation ecology studies on spectacled caimans (Caiman crocodilus) in Colombia have been few and far between with many covering short periods and defining population parameters based on relative indices (i.e., individuals/km). This reflects a lack of information on the general effects that environmental variables have on annual cycles of population dynamics, as well as a bias in abundance estimations due to the uncertainty of detection error. Keeping this in mind, we assessed the abundance and demographic structure of the spectacled caiman population inhabiting the Apaporis River middle basin over a year, based on robust hierarchical model that accounts for imperfect detection. We recorded a total of 1156 caiman observations between December 2018 and November 2019, estimating an average predicted value for abundance across all surveys of 29.99 ± 13.17 individuals, slowly increasing as the transect length increases and increasing variation as months passed by. The average detection probability was 0.69 ± 0.25 across all surveys, with no apparent effect as water temperature and relative humidity change across space‐time and slowly decreasing as months go through. The population size estimated based on the top‐performing model was 1763 ± 786 caimans across ~7.1 km2 assessed. We estimate the commonly used relative abundance (encounter rate) index as well as a generalized linear model and discuss how those relate with the values predicted by N‐mixture models. We also discuss the relevance and cautions researchers should have when using N‐mixture models to better understand spectacled caiman ecology.
Reactivity Trends with Borylalkyl Copper(I) Species
Authors: Corro Macarena , Salvado Oriol , González Sara , Dominguez‐Molano Paula , Fernández Elena 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe renaissance on the application of gem‐diborylalkanes from 2010, has allowed the conquest of new synthetic application towards C−C and C−N bond formation. The activation of gem‐diborylalkanes by Cu(I) catalysts, generates active borylalky copper(I) species that are able to trap several electrophilic reagents, in an efficient way. In addition, the modification of Cu(I) complexes with chiral ligands, induces asymmetric platforms towards the synthesis of enantioenriched organoboron compounds.
Phosphine‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Chiral N‐Heterocycles through (Asymmetric) P(III)/P(V) Redox Cycling
Authors: Lorton Charlotte , Saleh Nidal , Voituriez Arnaud 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPhosphine‐catalyzed tandem Michael addition/intramolecular Wittig reactions have been developed for the synthesis of chiral 2,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrrole and tetrahydropyridine derivatives. These processes have been rendered catalytic in phosphine, thanks to the in situ reduction of phosphine oxide by phenylsilane. Furthermore, catalytic and asymmetric P(III)/P(V) processes were implemented using enantiopure chiral phosphines.
Total Synthesis of a Hypothetical Macroketone of Migrastatin
Authors: Choudhury Rahul , Reddy D. Srinivasa 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDanishefsky's macroketone, a simplified analogue of natural product Migrastatin, is one of the lead compounds with potent cancer cell migration inhibition potential. Different biological assays suggest fascin protein as the potential target. Although it was indicated through X‐ray co‐crystallography where the concerned macroketone analogue was found to bind in the actin‐binding sites of fascin, there was a structural discrepancy, as the X‐ray co‐crystal structure suggested an E‐olefin along with inversion of methyl stereochemistry from that of Danishefsky's macroketone. Here, we have accomplished the total synthesis of the ‘hypothetical macroketone’ for the first time. The TiCl4 mediated vinylogous Mukaiyama aldol reaction is the key step in present synthesis.
Coupled structural and heat conduction FE analysis of laminated high damping rubber bearing
Authors: Miyamura Tomoshi , Ohsaki Makoto , Fujiwara Jun , Yamamoto Masashi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA framework for coupled structural and heat conduction finite element analysis is developed for laminated high damping rubber bearings (HDRBs), and coupled analyses are conducted for full‐scale tests of an HDRB using the shaking table at E‐Defense. An HDRB, which is used in base‐isolated buildings, is modeled using hexahedral solid elements. The high damping rubber is modeled as an overlaid viscohyperelastic and elastic‐plastic constitutive model. However, material parameters are identified using the results for the HDRB subjected to one‐directional loading, and temperature dependences of the parameters are taken into account by a simple method based on empirical formulae for the HDRB because no cyclic coupon test was conducted for the high damping rubber used in the full‐scale tests. The combined structural and heat conduction analyses are conducted for a number of loading cases. The same hexahedral mesh of the HDRB is used for both structural and heat conduction analyses. Analysis results are presented for a one‐directional cyclic loading test, two‐directional loading test with elliptical orbit, and earthquake loading test. The results obtained by the tests and those obtained by the coupled structural and heat conduction analyses are compared. The coupling effect of the mechanical and thermal behaviors is clearly shown in the analysis results, although reductions of the equivalent stiffness and damping are not large because the number of loading cycles in the present analyses is limited.
A new empirical method for obtaining horizontal site amplification factors with soil nonlinearity
Authors: Wang Ziqian , Nagashima Fumiaki , Kawase Hiroshi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCurrently, the theoretical prediction of soil amplification considering nonlinear soil behaviors can be implemented through nonlinear analysis of soil layers in time domains. However, in such theoretical methods, we need detailed velocity information down to the seismological bedrock and nonlinear properties of sediments, which are challenging to obtain in a wider area for a scenario‐type seismic risk evaluation. Recently, using diffuse‐field theory, we found that the horizontal‐to‐vertical spectral ratio of Earthquake (EHVR) is the ratio of the S‐wave horizontal transfer function with respect to the P‐wave vertical transfer function with the vertical incidence from the seismological bedrock with a coefficient for HVRs at the bedrock. Therefore, if there is no significant nonlinearity in the P‐wave vertical transfer function during strong shaking, we can regard soil nonlinearity emerging on the EHVR as the nonlinearity of the S‐wave horizontal amplification. In this study, we tried to distinguish the difference between the EHVRs in the linear and nonlinear cases, quantify the difference, and utilize a creative empirical approach to acquire the S‐wave horizontal amplification factors with soil nonlinearity to improve the quality of strong motion prediction in the near field in the future.
Mutation load decreases with haplotype age in wild Soay sheep
Authors: Stoffel Martin A. , Johnston Susan E. , Pilkington Jill G. , Pemberton Josephine M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRuns of homozygosity (ROH) are pervasive in diploid genomes and expose the effects of deleterious recessive mutations, but how exactly these regions contribute to variation in fitness remains unclear. Here, we combined empirical analyses and simulations to explore the deleterious effects of ROH with varying genetic map lengths in wild Soay sheep. Using a long-term dataset of 4879 individuals genotyped at 417K SNPs, we found that inbreeding depression increases with ROH length. A 1% genomic increase in long ROH (&gt;12.5 cM) reduced the odds of first-year survival by 12.4% compared to only 7.7% for medium ROH (1.56–12.5 cM), whereas short ROH (&lt;1.56 cM) had no effect on survival. We show by forward genetic simulations that this is predicted: compared to shorter ROH, long ROH will have higher densities of deleterious alleles, with larger average effects on fitness and lower population frequencies. Taken together, our results are consistent with the idea that the mutation load decreases in older haplotypes underlying shorter ROH, where purifying selection has had more time to purge deleterious mutations. Finally, our study demonstrates that strong inbreeding depression can persist despite ongoing purging in a historically small population.