bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of albumin-bilirubin score in prediction of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients with acute variceal bleeding
Authors: Elsafty Rehab Elsayed , Elsawy Abdallah Ahmed , Selim Ahmed Fawzy , Taha Atef Mohamed 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Hepatic encephalopathy exacerbates the morbidity, delays hospital discharge, and increases the rate of readmissions of cirrhotic patients, particularly those are admitted by acute variceal bleeding. We evaluated the performance of albumin-bilirubin score in prediction of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients with acute variceal bleeding, in comparison to Child-Pugh and MELD scores. This prospective cohort study was conducted on 250 cirrhotic patients who were consecutively presented by acute variceal bleeding in the period from January to December 2020 at Tanta university emergency hospital. Albumin-bilirubin, Child-Pugh, and MELD scores were measured at admission, and then all patients were followed up for 4 weeks after endoscopic bleeding control for possible occurrence of hepatic encephalopathy

Results
Albumin-bilirubin, Child-Pugh, and MELD scores had significant performances in prediction of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients with acute variceal bleeding; in this regard, albumin-bilirubin score had the highest accuracy (AUC 0.858, CI 0.802-0.914, sig 0.000) followed by Child-Pugh score (AUC 0.654, CI 0.574–0.735, sig 0.001) and then MELD score (AUC 0.602, CI 0.519–0.686, sig 0.031). The cumulative incidence of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients with albumin-bilirubin grade 3 was found to be significantly more than that present in albumin-bilirubin grade 2; most of these hepatic encephalopathy cases occurred in the first 2 weeks of follow-up period.

Conclusions
Albumin-bilirubin score has a significant performance in risk prediction of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients with acute variceal bleeding better than Child-Pugh and MELD scores. Albumin-bilirubin grades could be used as a risk stratifying tool to triage cirrhotic patients who will benefit from early discharge after bleeding control and those patients who will benefit from prophylactic measures for hepatic encephalopathy.
Rosuvastatin cocrystals: an attempt to modulate physicochemical parameters
Authors: Vemuri Venkata Deepthi , Lankalapalli Srinivas 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
The meager physicochemical properties like low solubility and low dissolution rate of rosuvastatin calcium remain as an obstruction for formulation development. In the present work, we explore the evolution of rosuvastatin cocrystal, which may offer the synergetic physico-chemical properties of the drug. Cocrystal crafting depends on two possible intermolecular interactions; heteromeric and the homomeric selection of compounds with complementary functional groups are contemplated as a possible cause of supramolecular synthons in cocrystal formation. Specifically, cocrystals of rosuvastatin with l-asparagine and l-glutamine with molar ratio (1:1) were fabricated by using slow solvent evaporation and slow evaporation techniques. Novel cocrystals of rosuvastatin-asparagine (RSC-C) and rosuvastatin-glutamine (RSC-G) cocrystals obtained by slow solvent evaporation were utilized for preliminary investigation and further scale-up was done by using the solvent evaporation technique.

Results
The novel cocrystals showed a new characteristic of powder X-ray diffraction, thermograms of differential scanning calorimetry, 1H liquid FT-NMR spectra, and scanning electron microscopy. These results signify the establishment of intermolecular interaction within the cocrystals. In both the novel cocrystals, rosuvastatin was determined to be engaged in the hydrogen bond interaction with the complementary functional groups of l-asparagine and l-glutamine. Compared with the pure rosuvastatin, RSC-C and RSC-G cocrystal showed 2.17-fold and 1.60-fold improved solubility respectively. The dissolution test showed that the RSC-C and RSC-G cocrystal exhibited 1.97-fold and 1.94-fold higher dissolution rate than the pure rosuvastatin in pH6.8 phosphate buffer respectively.

Conclusion
Modulation in the chemical environment, improvement in the solubility, and dissolution rate demonstrated the benefit of co-crystallization to improve the physicochemical properties of the drug.

Graphical abstract
A review on the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit
Authors: Mishra Pratibha , Sohrab Saima , Mishra Sanjay Kumar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Plants are the repository of variable number of valuable secondary metabolites that bears pharmacognostic and pharmacological implications having potentiality to emerge as super drugs in future. In-vivo production of these metabolites is influenced by the biotic and abiotic stresses resulting in continuous accumulation of diverse phytochemicals and their derivatives that can be useful in designing and developing potential drugs for future. The aim of the present study is to review the existence of medicinally important secondary metabolites and possible pharmacological and pharmacognostic importance of under-explored weed plant species Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit., to explore the potentiality of the plant for developing and designing the drugs for future.

Main body of the abstract
Hyptis suaveolens belonging to family Lamiaceae is the rich source of medicinally important phytochemicals like essential oils, tannins, saponins, phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, and sterols. One or many of these compounds have antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, anti-septic, anti-cancer, anti-ulcer, antimicrobial, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, anti-diabetic, anti-fertility, diaphoretics, anticutaneous, anticatarrhal, antirheumatic, anti-ulcer, gastroprotective, immunomodulatory, analgesic, and antiviral activity.

Short conclusion
Hyptis suaveolens contains unique terpenoid metabolites like suaveolic acid, suaveolol, methyl suaveolate, beta-sitosterol, ursolic acid, and phenolic compound like rosamarinic acid, methyl rosamarinate that have potentiality to substitute the traditional drugs as therapeutic agent against the resistant and newly emerged bacterial and viral pathogens. Pentacyclic triterpenoid, ursolic acid have been reported to have effective antiviral response against the SARS-CoV2 responsible for the present COVID-19 pandemic and HIV virus for which no effective vaccines are available till date. Ursolic acid has the ability to modulate the activity of main protease (Mpro) that is essential for processing of SARS-CoV2 replicase-transcriptase machinery needed for viral replication and particle assembly.
Relationship Between Maternal Bone Biomarkers and Fetal Adiposity Through Normal Pregnancy
Authors: Mastorakos George , Maliopoulos Dimosthenis , Kasioni Spyridoula , Bargiota Alexandra , Barber Thomas M , Skevaki Chrysanthi , Papassotiriou Ioannis , Vrachnis Nikos , Farmakides George , Vlahos Nikos F , Kumar Sudhesh , Valsamakis Georgios 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Purpose
To examine the association of maternal bone markers [sclerostin, soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (sRANKL), osteocalcin, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3] with fetal intra-abdominal and subcutaneous adipose tissue deposition and birthweight during normal pregnancy.

Methods
One hundred pregnant women (aged 30.4 ± 5.6 years, mean ± SD) with prepregnancy body mass index = 24.1 ± 4.6 kg/m2 were seen prospectively during each trimester. At each visit they were submitted to anthropometric measurements, a fasting blood sampling, a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, and a fetal ultrasonogram. At birth, neonates had birth weight measurement.

Results
In the second trimester, maternal sclerostin concentrations correlated positively with fetal abdominal circumference and birth weight; maternal sRANKL concentrations correlated positively with fetal abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness, sagittal abdominal diameter, and abdominal circumference. Fetuses born to mothers with greater (&gt;254 ng/mL), compared to fetuses born to mothers with lower (≤254ng/mL), sRANKL concentrations had greater abdominal circumference, sagittal diameter, and abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness. Maternal serum sclerostin concentrations were the best positive predictors of birth weight. In the third trimester maternal sclerostin concentrations correlated positively with fetal sagittal abdominal diameter; maternal sRANKL concentrations positively correlated with fetal abdominal circumference and fetal abdominal sagittal diameter.

Conclusions
Maternal bone markers sclerostin and sRANKL may relate to fetal intra-abdominal adipose tissue deposition through as yet unknown direct or indirect mechanisms, thus contributing to birthweight.
Conducting Real-world Evidence Studies on the Clinical Outcomes of Diabetes Treatments
Authors: Schneeweiss Sebastian , Patorno Elisabetta 
Published: March 2021

AbstractReal-world evidence (RWE), the understanding of treatment effectiveness in clinical practice generated from longitudinal patient-level data from the routine operation of the healthcare system, is thought to complement evidence on the efficacy of medications from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). RWE studies follow a structured approach. (1) A design layer decides on the study design, which is driven by the study question and refined by a medically informed target population, patient-informed outcomes, and biologically informed effect windows. Imagining the randomized trial we would ideally perform before designing an RWE study in its likeness reduces bias; the new-user active comparator cohort design has proven useful in many RWE studies of diabetes treatments. (2) A measurement layer transforms the longitudinal patient-level data stream into variables that identify the study population, the pre-exposure patient characteristics, the treatment, and the treatment-emergent outcomes. Working with secondary data increases the measurement complexity compared to primary data collection that we find in most RCTs. (3) An analysis layer focuses on the causal treatment effect estimation. Propensity score analyses have gained in popularity to minimize confounding in healthcare database analyses. Well-understood investigator errors, like immortal time bias, adjustment for causal intermediates, or reverse causation, should be avoided. To increase reproducibility of RWE findings, studies require full implementation transparency. This article integrates state-of-the-art knowledge on how to conduct and review RWE studies on diabetes treatments to maximize study validity and ultimately increased confidence in RWE-based decision making.
RBD11, a bioengineered Rab11-binding module for visualizing and analyzing endogenous Rab11
Authors: Osaki Futaba , Matsui Takahide , Hiragi Shu , Homma Yuta , Fukuda Mitsunori 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
The small GTPase Rab11 (herein referring to the Rab11A and Rab11B isoforms) plays pivotal roles in diverse physiological phenomena, including the recycling of membrane proteins, cytokinesis, neurite outgrowth and epithelial morphogenesis. One effective method of analyzing the function of endogenous Rab11 is to overexpress a Rab11-binding domain from one of its effectors, for example, the C-terminal domain of Rab11-FIP2 (Rab11-FIP2-C), as a dominant-negative construct. However, the drawback of this method is the broader Rab-binding specificity of the effector domain, because Rab11-FIP2-C binds to Rabs other than Rab11, for example, to Rab14 and Rab25. In this study, we bioengineered an artificial Rab11-specific binding domain, named RBD11. Expression of RBD11 allowed visualization of endogenous Rab11 without affecting its localization or function, whereas expression of a tandem RBD11, named 2×RBD11, inhibited epithelial morphogenesis and induced a multi-lumen phenotype characteristic of Rab11-deficient cysts. We also developed two tools for temporally and reversibly analyzing Rab11-dependent membrane trafficking – tetracycline-inducible 2×RBD11 and an artificially oligomerized domain (FM)-tagged RBD11.
Impact of acne on quality of life in young Pakistani adults and its relationship with severity: A multicenter study
Authors: Naveed Shaheen , Masood Sadia , Rahman Atiya , Awan Safia , Tabassum Saadia 
Published: March 2021

Objectives: The current study aimed to determine the effect of acne vulgaris on quality of life of young adults and to assess the correlation between acne severity and impairment of quality of life (QOLI).
Methods: In this multi-center cross-sectional study, 163 young adults with acne vulgaris were assessed for severity and quality of life impairment between December 2016 and May 2017 at three tertiary care hospitals. Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI) was used to assess the quality of life while the severity of acne measured by Global Acne Grading System (GAGS). Data were collected on standardized forms, with CADI, GAGS scores, and sociodemographic data and analyzed using SPSS version 9. The quantitative variables were presented as means, median and qualitative variables expressed as frequency and percentages. P-value ≤0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Results: Out of 163 patients enrolled in this study, the mean age was 21.6 ± 4.9 years and 124 were females and 39 males. In mild QOLI, 56 (87.5%) cases were affected with mild, 11 (13.4%) with moderate and 1 (1.5%) case had severe acne. While, in moderate QOLI, 8(12.5%) cases were of mild, 60 (73.2%) were moderate and 6 (35.3%) cases affected with severe acne. The severe impairment of QOL noted in 11 (13.4%) moderate and 10 (58.8%) severe acne cases. The relationship between sex was statistically significant, (P<0.001). The result showed significant correlation between severity of acne vulgaris and the quality of life impairment of these patients (P<0.001).
Conclusion: This study showed significant correlation between acne vulgaris and quality of life impairment. Cardiff acne disability index has proven to be a reliable tool to assess the quality of life. It is recommended to be used routinely in dermatology clinics to provide tailored treatment to individuals because mild disease may be disproportionately distressing for patients.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.3.2819
How to cite this:Naveed S, Masood S, Rahman A, Awan S, Tabassum S. Impact of acne on quality of life in young Pakistani adults and its relationship with severity: A multicenter study. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(3):727-732. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.3.2819
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
THE COMPARISON OF USING MIND MAPPING AND KNOWLEDGE MAPPING TECHNIQUE TOWARD STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION IN REPORT TEXT AT THE ELEVENTH GRADE AT SMA N 1 TRIMURJO IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2015/2016
Authors: Gustianing Defy , Hariz Hadiyan Muhammad 
Published: March 2021

The objectives of this research are to know whether there is a difference result of reading comprehension by using mind mapping and knowledge mapping technique or not and to know which one is more effective technique between mind mapping and knowledge mapping technique.This research is a quantitative research.The design of this research is pre test-post test control group design which employs two groups. Experimentgroup is treated by mind mapping technique and control class is treated by knowledge mapping technique. Then, the total population is 123 students at the eleventh grade of SMA N 1 Trimurjo. The researcher takes 40 students, 20 students as experiment and20 as control. In taking the sample, the researcher used total cluster random sampling.The result of ttest is 2,91 and ttable is 2,02 (on criterion 1) and 2,70 (on criterion 2). It means that tcount>ttable. So, there is a difference result of reading comprehension by using mind mapping and knowledge mapping technique and reading comprehension by using mind mapping technique is more effective than knowledge mapping technique.
THE RELIGIOUS VALUES IN TEACHING WRITING PERSUASIVE TEXT
Authors: Sartika Dewi , Rachmanita Rachmanita 
Published: March 2021

Writing is sometimes neglected taught by the teacher due to the limitation of the time provided. Besides, in teaching writing, teacher tends to avoid the religious values in teaching writing persuasive text in order to build students’ character. However, students are required to master writing in order to express the idea or information in communication. Therefore, this study is an attempt to study the religious values in teaching writing persuasive text. The population of this study was all of the eleventh graders of SMA Negeri 1 Kandis Ogan Ilir. The samples were chosen by purposive sampling method. As a result, two classes consisting of thirty students in each classes were selected as the samples. The qualitative approach was used in this study and observation is the main instrument used to get the data about the process of teaching writing persuasive text. The observation done from the beginning to ending of teaching and learning process of writing persuasive text. Based on the observation, it was indicated that the students were interested in learning writing persuasive text and got some religious values to build their characters. In addition, the students were eager to write persuasive text because of interesting materials. They could explore their idea freely by writing the main information and writing information explaining the religious values in writing persuasive text. By teaching writing persuasive text including the religious values, hopefully the teacher of English can select the material and content of the subject matter which infused the religious values during the classroom.
THE USE OF SLANG AMONG AMERICAN YOUTHS AS RELATED TO THE RISE OF HIP HOP CULTURE: A SOCIOLINGUISTICS ANALYSIS
Authors: Putri Niken Fatma , Fauzia Fauzia 
Published: March 2021

This article entitled “The Use of Slang among American Youths as Related to The rise of Hip Hop Culture: A Sociolinguistics Analysis”. This research focuses on the types of slang commonly used by American youths and the influence of hip hop on slang use among American youths.This research belongs to descriptive qualitative research as a method. The subject of this research is rap song lyrics, utterances in slang in America YouTube video and Ellen Show: On Fleek Episode as well as the Urban Dictionary slangs. Then, the objects of this research are the use of slang. The researcher collected the data through the utterances in the rap song lyrics, movie and video, and also slangs in Urban Dictionary.The results of this analysis show that the type of slang used among American youths are divided into two types. They are based on use and word formation. Meanwhile the use of slang among American youths is related to the rise of hip hop culture influence which brought by some of rap song. The slang contained in rap song lyrics are spread easily by the massive consumption of social media and enlighten highly by the report of conventional media.
THE DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON THE SECOND YEAR STUDENTS’ INTEREST AND MOTIVATION TOWARD PEER ASSISTED LEARNING PROGRAM (PALP) OF ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT AHMAD DAHLAN UNIVERSITY IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2016/2017
Authors: Rahmi Novi Sri , Triyoga Arilia 
Published: March 2021

The aims of this research are to describe the students’ interest toward PALP, the students’ motivation toward PALP, and to describe the social factors affects to students’ interest and motivation.The type of the research is descriptive research. The research subject was the second semester of PBI students in Ahmad Dahlan University in the academic year 2016/ 2017. There were 10 groups of PALP as the sample. The researcher used questionnaire, observation sheet and interview guide to gather the data. In analyzing the data the researcher used quantitative method.Based on the research, it is found that; first the students’ interest toward PALP is in high category based on impression (75% were agree), confidence (82% were agree in a group of PALP, 85 % were agree in the class), learning atmosphere (84% were agree), excitement (81% were agree), new knowledge (73% were agree) and language skill (78% were agree). Secondly, the students’ motivation toward PALP is in high category based on mentees’ individual competency in PALP based on how often they are expressing opinion (79% were agree), responding the question (80% were agree), and asking question (61% were agree). And the third, there were four social factors affecting students’ interest and motivation. The social factor were positive learning atmosphere (84% were agree), the second was friend (80% were agree). The third was mentor (72% were agree). The last was the place (55% were agree). The job, gender and distance factor did not affect students’ interest and motivation toward PALP.
Minimum achievable height of a single-module LED low-beam projection
headlamp
Authors: Lee Jun Ho , Han Seok Gi , Jin Min Ji 
Published: March 2021

Since the first full LED headlamp was introduced in 2007, technology
has evolved to now provide enhanced performance, improved security,
and memorable aesthetics. Further miniaturization has been
continuously pursued to allow more advanced design options, but LED
headlamp height has been stalled at around 40–60 mm for some years.
Recently a total internal reflection-based low-beam module achieved an
optical opening down to 20 mm. However, the small opening came with a
housing envelope height that was larger than 40–60 mm. Conventional
LED single modules are still more attractive in terms of cost and
overall compactness, especially for low-cost, low-beam headlamps. A
demanding question remains about the minimum achievable limit of a
single-module LED low-beam projection headlamp consisting of an LED
source, an elliptical reflector, a cutoff baffle, and a projection
lens. Here, we answer that question using an analytical approach
rather than attempt to base it on current applied design trials or
parametric studies. First, we analytically investigated the baseline
optical properties of an LED low-beam module in terms of geometrical
optics and photometrical luminance transfer. During the analysis, we
employed the ratio of the focal distances (

m

) of the elliptical reflectors as a
design variable to efficiently consider geometrical similarities. Then
we confirmed and extended the analytical results by numerical
simulation, using ray-tracing software. Based on the results from the
analytical and numerical analysis with low-beam regulations, we
finally determined a suitable range of

m

(0.15–0.17), which satisfied the
regulations, and found the best achievable height of a single module
when

m
∼

0.15

is 46 mm. The precise number will
differ depending on the geometrical and ray-emitting properties of the
LED applied, but our study provides a valid general framework for
designing LED-based low-beam headlamps.