bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electroacupuncture anesthesia for laparotomy in goats
Authors: Ashour Khalifa , Awad Naglaa Abd Elkader , Abdelgayed Sherein S. , Leil Amal Zakaria Ahmed , Sheta Eldessouky 
Published: March 2021

Background: The objective of the study to evaluate the effect of electroacupuncture during laparotomy in goats.
Aim: To study the abdominal anesthesia in goats by electroacupuncture using the physiological variables, vital parameters, hematological, biochemical, cortisol hormone, pain threshold, and wound healing for laparotomy in goats.
Methods: Fifteen healthy adult bucks were used to receive electroacupuncture in 10 newly selected acupoints. The data (M ± SD) were assessed at intervals (0 minutes) before induction (control group), (5 minutes), (10 minutes), (15 minutes), and (20 minutes) during induction, (30 minutes), (45 minutes), and (60 minutes) throughout surgery and (24 hours) after surgery, cortisol levels in serum at (0), (24 hours), and (72 hours) throughout laparotomy.
Results: The goats of the study showed improvement in the rates of eyelid closure, head, and neck relaxation, rumen motility, and tympany which were graded into mild (+), moderate (++), and severe (+++) degrees. The respiratory rates, body temperatures, and capillary fill times were not significantly different. The total mean of hematocrit was (19.9 ± 2.68), the total mean of hemoglobin was (9.9 ± 0.94), the total mean of red blood cells was (7.9 ± 0.8), the total mean of platelets was (244,861.3 ± 138,444.8) and the total mean of SPO2 was (70.5 ± 4.6). ALT and AST showed no significance. The significant mean cortisol level was (2.6 ± 2.01) and the significant mean pain threshold level was (0.02 ± 0.03). The results proved that electroacupuncture had a lot of significant parameters. The wound healing was improved by early epithelization and immature granulation tissue (at 7 days). Thick keratinized epithelization and collagen deposition in the dermal tissue with enhanced angiogenesis (at 14 days). Mild restoration of skin and the dermal tissue was well-organized (at 21 days). Besides, well-formed scar tissue covering a highly cellular organized dermal tissue (at 28 days).
Conclusions: Electroacupuncture had been considered a powerful anesthetic for abdominal surgery in goats. Moreover, wound healing proved excellent and better healing.
El sujeto en carne y hueso
Authors: Sini Carlo 
Published: March 2021

En Husserl y Heidegger el sujeto fenomenológico no es una categoría lógica o una teoría filosófica, como en Kant o Fichte. Su naturaleza es existencial y está siempre vinculada a la corporeidad viva, como también argumentaron Merleau-Ponty, Paci y Sartre. En este sentido, tanto Husserl al final de su vida, como Heidegger ya al comienzo de su enseñanza, entendieron la fenomenología como una superación del horizonte filosófico tradicional. Su diferencia está en la interpretación del dato fenomenológico: objeto de una intuición a la vez activa y pasiva del Sí mismo en Husserl; objeto, en cambio, de una hermenéutica del encuentro en Heidegger. De ahí también una manera diferente de entender la historicidad del sujeto, que en Husserl implica una reconstrucción operativa, un despertar de la conciencia ética de las operaciones subjetivas mientras que en Heidegger se trata de una exposición de la oscuridad de la fuente y del destino del interpretar.
HUBUNGAN MENGONSUMSI MAKANAN KARIOGENIK DENGAN KEJADIAN KARIES PADA ANAK USIA SEKOLAH DI MI AL-HIDAYAH
Authors: Ramadhanintyas Karina Nur 
Published: March 2021

Teeth caries common in primary school children are caused by cariogenic food consumption habits. The children like to cousume cariogenik food, because it has a sweet and tasty. Dental caries is a disease of dental hard tissue (email, dentin). Objective of this study was to determine the relationship Cariogenik Consumption Eating Relations With Caries In School Age Children. This study uses correlation design with cross sectional approach. The study population are 105 students in grade I and II, sample 51 students whose teeth have not experienced loose teeth taken by simple random sampling method. The statistical test used the Spearman test.The results of this study showed respondents who frequently consume cariogenic foods as are 28 students (54.9%). Respondents who have dental caries are 37 students (72.5%) and respondents who did not happen dental caries are 14 students (27.5%). Results obtained spearman test p-value = 0.000 so that the alternative hypothesis is accepted. the Conclusion of this study, there is relationship between cariogenik consumption with caries is habits and caries.The from this study that the cariogenic foods can cause dental caries. So less consumption of cariogenic foods (candy, chocolate, ice cream and biscuits) can reduce the number of dental caries in MI AL-Hidayah Madiun.
LA CONTRATACIÓN PÚBLICA EN EL TTIP
Authors: AYMERICH CANO CARLOS IGNACIO 
Published: March 2021

Las diferencias entre la UE y los EUA en la negociación del capítulo
de contratación pública del TTIP ponen de relieve las importantes diferencias
que existen entre ambos sistemas y, dependiendo de cómo se resuelvan, adelantan
el sentido de la evolución futura del derecho europeo de la contratación pública.
EBren eta AEBren artean TTIPren kontratazio publikoaren atalaren
negoziazioan dauden desadostasunek agerian uzten dituzte sistema bien artean
dauden alde handiak eta, nola konpontzen diren, kontratazio publikoaren europar
zuzenbidearen etorkizuneko bilakaeraren noranzkoa aurreratzen dute.
The differences between the EU and the USA during the negotiation
of TTIP¿s public procurement chapter express the significant differences between
these two systems and its resolution enables us to preview the future evolutions of
the European public procurement law.
CONSIDERACIONES SOBRE LA INCIDENCIA DE LAS LEYES 39 Y 40/2015 EN LA LEY 2/1998, DE LA POTESTAD SANCIONADORA DE LAS ADMINISTRACIONES PÚBLICAS DE LA COMUNIDAD AUTÓNOMA DEL PAÍS VASCO
Authors: GARCIA URETA AGUSTIN 
Published: March 2021

Este trabajo analiza la incidencia de las Leyes 39 y 40/2015 sobre la
Ley 2/1998, de la potestad sancionadora de las Administraciones públicas vascas.
Para ello, se examinan los principios de esta potestad y aquellos otros aspectos
que tienen que ver con el procedimiento sancionador. Todas estas modificaciones
se enmarcan en la división entre aspectos de régimen jurídico y procedimiento
que dificultan una comprensión unitaria de esta potestad. A pesar de que las
modificaciones operadas por ambas leyes no resulten sustanciales sobre la Ley
2/1998, sí plantean diversos cambios que será preciso tener en cuenta a la hora de
su aplicación y, en su caso, eventual modificación.
39 eta 40/2015 Legeek Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoko Herri Administrazioen
zigortzeko ahalmenari buruzko 2/1998 Legean duten eragina aztertzen
du lan honek. Horretarako, ahalmen horren printzipioak eta zigortzeko prozedurarekin
zerikusia duten beste alderdiak aztertzen dira. Aldaketa horiek guztiak ahalmen
hori era bateratuan ulertzea oztopatzen duten araubide juridikoaren eta prozeduraren
alderdien arteko banaketan kokatzen dira. Lege horiek egindako aldaketak
2/1998 Legean funtsezkoak ez badira ere, zenbat aldaketa dakartzate, eta kontuan
hartu beharko dira hura aplikatzeko eta, behar balitz, hura aldatzeko orduan.
This paper analyses the impact of Laws 39 and 40/2015 on Law
2/1998, on the sanctioning powers of Basque Public Administrations. For this
purpose, both principles and procedural new matters are examined. All these
modifications are considered bearing in mind the division carried out by Law 39
and 40/2015 between the legal regime of public Administrations and procedural
aspects. This division hinders a joint understanding of those issues. Although
the impact of the laws on Law 2/1998 cannot be regarded as significant they do
include diverse changes to be taken into account when applying it. They may also
require a future amendment to the Law.
DESIGN OF EDUCATIONAL RECYCLING WASTE MANAGEMENT VIDEO GAME FOR CHILDREN
Authors: Setyawati Endang , Paath David Kristian , Komala Evelyne Kristiani 
Published: March 2021

As time goes by, the earth has undergone many changes, many of which have happened, from natural changes to human lifestyle. Many natural disasters occur as a result of the development of human lifestyles, such as floods caused by littering and piling up. Littering is one of the causes of flooding, therefore it is necessary to build awareness of society, especially children as the next generation.
The purpose of " Design of Educational Recycling Waste Management Video Games For Children " is to provide an understanding of waste and be able to find out the products of reusing inorganic and organic waste to children. The benefits of designing interesting video games can stimulate children's psychology in understanding the cleanliness of the environment and provide education that waste can be used.
The research method in this design uses the Research and Development method which is used to produce a product and test the effectiveness of the product. The results obtained are that there is a significant difference in children's understanding of waste when playing video games and before playing so that the use of games as educational media can be said to be effective.
MENGHITUNG HPP BIBIT LELE DAN PEMBUATAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN PADA USAHA PEMBIBITAN LELE DI KAMPUNG LELE DESA HANGTUAH KECAMATAN PERHENTIAN RAJA KABUPATER KAMPAR
Authors: Masril Masril 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRAK
Ikan lele merupakan bagian dari salah satu komoditas air tawar yang sangat mudah dalam melakukan pengembangannya, ikan lele juga memiliki keistimewaan salah satu nya memiliki tingkat protein yang cukup tinggi. Usaha ikan lele yang dibudidayakan di Kecamatan Perhentian Raja, Kabupaten Kampar merupakan usaha yang bergerak di bidang pengembangan ikan lele dan budidaya ikan lele. Dalam melaksanakan atau pengembangan ikan lele memiliki waktu yang sangat singkat yakni 1,5 bulan sampai dengan 3 bulan. Dalam hal pembenihan ikan lele menghasilkan benih ikan lele yang berkualitas, pembesaran ikan lele juga menghasilkan ikan lele yang siap dikonsumsi. Permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh petani ikan lele tersebut adalah usaha ikan lele sampai dengan saat ini belum dapat mengklasifikasikan biaya yang bersifat biaya tetap maupun biaya yang bersifat variabel, akan tetapi biaya overhead adalah semua biaya produksi selain biaya bahan baku langsung dan biaya tenaga kerja langsung. atau dengan kata lain semua biaya dikeluarkan oleh perusahaan terdiri dari biaya bahan tak langsung,b iaya tenaga kerja tak langsung, dan biaya-biaya produksi lainnya yang tidak secara mudah dapat ditelusuri secara langsung pada proses produksi. Tidak diperhitungkannya biaya overhead dalam menentukan harga pokok produksi membuat harga pokok produksi tidak akurat, akan tetapi bukan hanya itu saja permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh usaha atau petani ikan lele juga dalam hal menyusun laporan keuangan ikan lele. Kesimpulan dari hasil kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini antara lain pemilik usaha ikan lele dapat memahami dan menyusun harga pokok produk pada ikan lele tersebut.Pemilik usaha ikan lele dapat memahami dan menyusun laporan keuangan usaha pada ikan lele tersebut.
Kata Kunci : Harga Pokok Produk dan Laporan Keuangan
Application of Alkaline Pulping to Pruned Branches of Citrus limon from Sudan
Authors: KHIDER Tarig , OMER Safaa , ELZAKI Osman , MOHIELDIN Salaheldin , SHOMEINA Suhair 
Published: March 2021

This study aims to utilize the pruned branches of Citrus limon in pulping with alkaline pulping methods and to determine the suitability of guar gum to improve the strength properties of pulps and limitations of cutting trees for environmental issues and utilization of lemon branches as horticultural residues. These branches’ physical properties exhibited high medium density and very low percentages of bark to wood ratio. The whole chemical components of these raw materials indicated the suitability to a pulp with alkaline cooking methods. In addition, alkaline sulfite anthraquinone with methanol methods gave excellent screened yield (60.1 %), negligible rejects, bleachable Kappa number 19.5, and best strength properties, especially tensile and strengths. Alkaline sulfite with anthraquinone gave excellent screened yield with a small percentage of rejects and bleachable Kappa number. On the other hand, soda cooking produced pulps with acceptable yield (41.9 %), rejects (3 %), and suitable strengths. The soda anthraquinone pulping methods produced pulp with good yields (56 - 59.7 %). Obviously, anthraquinone’s effect in preserving carbohydrates, specifically hemicelluloses, increases the yields and strengths. Guar gum improved pulps’ physical properties when added during beating with (0.25 % on oven-dry Soda-AQ pulps). It clears Citrus limon branches’ suitability with an age of 2 years in cooking with all alkaline pulping methods applied.
El discurso gráfico en los Concursos de Arquitectura. Visualización de datos como herramienta de análisis en EGA
Authors: Moreno Latorre Arturo , Del Blanco García Federico Luis 
Published: March 2021

<p>El artículo que se expone a continuación es parte del resultado de un trabajo de investigación realizado en la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Los Concursos de Arquitectura revelan la aspiración de los concursantes por presentar la propuesta más atractiva que permita captar la atención del jurado, además de dar respuesta a los problemas y motivaciones que originan la convocatoria. </p><p>La narración gráfica se convierte en el nexo entre el espectador y la prefiguración de algo que podría llegar a convertirse en un proyecto construido. Mediante el análisis de los instrumentos gráficos utilizados en diversas convocatorias de concursos de arquitectura convocados por el Colegio Oficial de Arquitectos de Madrid, se pretende demostrar el papel que representa la comunicación visual en la lectura y valoración de una propuesta presentada. El instrumento del diagrama permite visualizar y hallar las variables gráficas más utilizadas por los concursantes, así como precisar cuáles de ellas se emplean en los proyectos premiados.</p>
Early retinal degeneration in Huntington's disease based on optical coherence tomography: a case-control study
Authors: Svetozarskiy Sergey , Kopishinskaya Svetlana , Smetankin Igor 
Published: March 2021

Background: The purpose of this study was to analyze optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters of the choroid and retina in subjects with pre-manifest and manifest Huntington's disease (HD).
Methods: In this case-control study, the retinal parameters of patients with genetically confirmed HD and healthy controls were evaluated using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Genetic and neurological assessments were performed besides a thorough ophthalmological examination. Contrast Sensitivity (CS) logarithm was evaluated using the Freiburg Vision Test. The association between OCT parameters and clinical and genetic characteristics was studied.
Results: A total of 91 subjects, including 60 HD subjects (60 eyes) and 31 control subjects (31 eyes) were eligible according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The range of the CAG (cytosine-adenine-guanine) repeat expansion size was 38–56 repeats, the mean ± standard deviation (SD) of the Unified HD Rating Scale (UHDRS) motor scores was 36.3±29.7, and disease duration was 13.7±7.2 years in HD subjects. Compared to the control group, significant decreases in the mean ganglion cell complex thickness and mean, temporal, superior, inferior, and nasal retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in HD subjects was revealed in OCT examination (P-values < 0.001, < 0.001, < 0.001, 0.023, 0.007 and 0.014, respectively). An inverse correlation between the disease duration and the mean RNFL thickness (r =- 0.470, P = 0.002) was found.
Conclusions: Localization of retinal thickness loss shows a specific pattern of retinal neurodegeneration in HD, similar to Parkinson’s disease and mitochondrial diseases. The association with the disease duration confirms the progressive nature of these changes.
Effects of ascorbic acid on chemical and thermal corneal burns: a comprehensive literature review
Authors: Al-Namaeh Mashael , Andersson Robert 
Published: March 2021

Background: Ascorbic acid has been suggested to be effective against chemical burns. It was first tested in rabbits before being implemented in human subjects. It was proven to be useful in treatments for different conditions, such as corneal chemical and thermal burns. Herein, we aimed to review the effects of ascorbic acid in the healing of chemical and thermal corneal burns.
Methods: We performed an electronic search of English literature in MEDLINE, clinicaltrials.gov, and Google Scholar, without time constraints. Articles were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, using they keywords “Corneal Burn,” AND “Corneal Ulcer,” AND “Vitamin C.” This yielded 17 English language articles focused on the effect of vitamin C on chemical or thermal corneal burn-induced ulcers.
Results: The 17 eligible studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria included three retrospective, nonrandomized, comparative studies on human subjects and 14 in vivo, laboratory-based studies on rabbits (12 studies), rats (one study), as well as guinea-pigs (one study). Most studies showed benefits in using vitamin C as a prophylactic treatment to delay or stop corneal ulcer formation after chemical or thermal corneal burn.
Conclusions: Vitamin C is a very basic, inexpensive prescription and can be used to treat corneal ulcers following a variety of corneal burns. This review highlights the necessity for conducting randomized controlled trials to investigate the prophylactic role of vitamin C and to determine its minimum required dose for the management of corneal ulcers after different types of corneal burns.
Sutureless scleral-fixated intraocular lens: long-term outcomes
Authors: Felcida Vinaya , Chawla Anand , Kalogeropoulos Dimitrios , Tyagi Ajai K 
Published: March 2021

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcomes of sutureless scleral-fixated intraocular lens (SFIOL) implantation at a tertiary referral center.
Methods: This retrospective observational study included 50 eyes of 43 consecutive patients who underwent sutureless SFIOL implantation by a single surgeon from January 2009 to December 2015. Indications for surgery were aphakia, dislocated intraocular lens (IOL), complicated cataract surgery (posterior capsule rupture, zonular dialysis, dropped nucleus), iris-clipped IOL with corneal decompensation, and lens with poor capsular support. Indication for surgery, visual acuity, ocular history, ocular comorbidities, intraoperative and postoperative complications, and the need for further surgery were analyzed.
Results: The analysis conducted on 50 eyes from 43 patients with a mean ± standard deviation (SD) follow-up of 16.64 ± 9.34 months. Patients were 27 (63%) men and 16 (37%) women with a mean ± standard deviation (SD) age of 53.36 ± 22.45 years (range 8–90 years). Final visual acuity was 6/18 or better in 39 eyes. SFIOL was stable and well centered in 48 eyes. SFIOL dislocation was noted in 2 eyes, retinal detachment in 1 eye, and worsening of diabetic cystoid macular edema in 1 eye. Two patients with pre-existing corneal decompensation from complicated cataract surgery had worsening of their condition
Conclusions: Sutureless SFIOL could be considered as a long-term option for the management of aphakia, dislocated IOL, and lens with poor capsular support. However, future studies with more subjects, longer follow-ups, and robust study design are needed to confirm the results of the present study.
Five generations of intraocular lens power calculation formulas: a review
Authors: Tsiropoulos Georgios , Loukovitis Eleftherios , Koronis Spyridon N , Sidiropoulos Georgios , Tsotridou Eleni , Anogeianakis Georgios 
Published: March 2021

Background: The effectiveness of cataract surgery depends on preoperative biometric data, including the axial length (AL), keratometric value (K), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and the accuracy of the intraocular lens power (IOLp) calculation. Five generations of IOLp calculation formulas have been developed. This review summarizes these formulas and focuses on the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of each. Moreover, it compares the results of several formulas used in patients with specific characteristics.
Methods: The authors searched PubMed and Google Scholar, using keyword combinations including IOLp, formulas, AL, ACD, K, and diopters (D). Two hundred recent articles that referred to IOLp calculation formulas and their effectiveness when used preoperatively in cataract surgery were retrieved and analyzed.
Results: Each generation has advantages and disadvantages for individual patients, and the selection of the most appropriate IOL differs due to patients’ different ALs. The shorter or longer the eye is, the less accurate some formulas become. Formulas such as SRK-T, Holladay, SRK-II, Hoffer, and Binkhorst II seem to have comparable efficacy. However, studies have indicated that Hoffer is superior for short eyes. In contrast, SRK/T appears to be slightly more superior for long eyes. The fifth-generation formulas also appear to be very promising.
Conclusions: Based on the available literature, there is no gold standard as yet that can be used for all patients. Instead, each patient should be managed individually depending on their particular eye characteristics.
Efectividad de cepas de Aspergillus y Penicillium en la degradación de polietileno de baja densidad aislados en los botaderos de los Distritos de Sicuani y Calca- Cusco.
Authors: Mostajo-Zavaleta Martha N. , Ochoa-Cámara María L. , Ambur- Soncco Ruth L. 
Published: March 2021

Se evaluó la eficiencia de degradación de Polietileno de baja densidad por cepas de Aspergillus y Penicillium,aislados de los botaderos de los distritos de Calca y Sicuani- Cusco. Para el aislamiento de hongos de residuos de plástico, se utilizó el método por incrustación, la identificación taxonómica de las cepas se realizó utilizando el sistema de identificación para especies de Aspergillus y Penicillium propuesto por Pitt. La concentración de esporas y la actividad degradadora de polietileno se determinó por el Método de Kavelman. & Kendrick. Se aislaron 7 cepas degradadoras de polietileno, de las cuales 4 corresponden a Aspergillus flavus, y 1 cepa a Penicillium sp, proveniente del botadero de Sicuani; 2 cepas a Aspergillus terreus aisladas del botadero de Calca. Las cepas más eficientes en degradación de polietileno fueron 3AS y 3BS aisladas de superficie con 50 y 29 % de eficiencia y la cepa 1BS aislada a 50 cm de profundidad con una eficiencia de degradación de 29 %, todas pertenecen a la especie de Aspergillus flavus, la cepa 2AS de Penicillium sp, se aisló a 50 cm de profundidad, con 15 % de eficiencia, aisladas del botadero de Sicuani. Las cepas 1AC, 1EC de Aspergillus terreus, con 15 y 17 % de eficiencia, fueron aisladas de superficie del botadero de Calca respectivamente. El Consorcio I constituido por 3 cepas de Aspergillus flavus fue el más eficiente degradando 44.3 % de polietileno, los consorcios II y III presentaron la misma eficiencia de degradación estadísticamente con 26 y 19 %.