bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Participatory approaches in the development of health interventions for migrants: a systematic review
Authors: Rustage Kieran , Crawshaw Alison , Majeed-Hajaj Saliha , Deal Anna , Nellums Laura , Ciftci Yusuf , Fuller Sebastian S , Goldsmith Lucy , Friedland Jon S , Hargreaves Sally 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveAnalysis of participatory approaches to developing health interventions for migrants and how approaches embody core participatory principles of inclusivity and democracy.DesignA systematic review of original articles. Electronic searches within the databases MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health and PsychINFO (from inception—November 2020).Eligibility criteria for study selectionOriginal peer-reviewed articles reporting research to develop and implement a health intervention for migrants, incorporating participatory approaches. We defined migrants as foreign-born individuals. Only articles reporting the full research cycle (inception, design, implementation, analysis, evaluation, dissemination) were included.Data extractionWe extracted information related to who was involved in research (migrants or other non-academic stakeholders), the research stage at which they were involved (inception, design, implementation, analysis, evaluation, dissemination), the method of their involvement and how this aligned with the core principles of participatory research—categorising studies as exhibiting active or pseudo (including proxy and indirect) participation.Results1793 publications were screened, of which 28 were included in our analysis. We found substantial variation in the application of participatory approaches in designing health interventions targeting migrants: across 168 individual research stages analysed across the 28 studies, we recorded 46 instances of active participation of migrants, 30 instances of proxy participation and 24 instances of indirect participation. All studies involved non-academic stakeholders in at least one stage of the research, only two studies exhibited evidence of active participation of migrants across all research stages. Evidence is limited due to the variability of terms and approaches used.ConclusionsImportant shortfalls in the meaningful inclusion of migrants in developing health interventions exist, suggesting a more rigorous and standardised approach is warranted to better define and deliver participatory research and improve quality.RegistrationThis review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines and is registered on the Open Science Framework (osf.io/2bnz5).
Clinical efficacy of COMPASS, a digital cognitive-behavioural therapy programme for treating anxiety and depression in patients with long-term physical health conditions: a protocol for randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hulme Katrin , Hudson Joanna L , Picariello Federica , Seaton Natasha , Norton Sam , Wroe Abigail , Moss-Morris Rona 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionApproximately 30% of people with long-term physical health conditions (LTCs) experience mental health problems, with negative consequences and costs for individuals and healthcare services. Access to psychological treatment is scarce and, when available, often focuses on treating primary mental health problems rather than illness-related anxiety/depression. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical efficacy of a newly developed, therapist-supported, digital cognitive-behavioural treatment (COMPASS) for reducing LTC-related psychological distress (anxiety/depression), compared with standard charity support (SCS).Methods and analysisA two-arm, parallel-group randomised controlled trial (1:1 ratio) with nested qualitative study will be conducted. Two-hundred adults with LTC-related anxiety and depression will be recruited through national LTC charities. They will be randomly allocated to receive COMPASS or SCS only. An independent administrator will use Qualtrics randomiser for treatment allocation, to ensure allocation concealment. Participants will access treatment from home over 10 weeks. The COMPASS group will have access to the digital programme and six therapist contacts: one welcome message and five fortnightly phone calls. Data will be collected online at baseline, 6 weeks and 12 weeks post-randomisation for primary outcome (Patient Health Questionnaire Anxiety and Depression Scale) and secondary outcomes (anxiety, depression, daily functioning, COVID-19-related distress, illness-related distress, quality of life, knowledge and confidence for illness self-management, symptom severity and improvement). Analyses will be conducted following the intention-to-treat principle by a data analyst blinded to treatment allocation. A purposively sampled group of COMPASS participants and therapists will be interviewed. Interviews will be thematically analysed.Ethics and disseminationThe study is approved by King’s College London’s Psychiatry, Nursing and Midwifery Research Ethics Subcommittee (reference: LRS-19/20–20347). All participants will provide informed consent to take part if eligible. Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at conferences.Trial registration numberNCT04535778.
Seeking online telemedicine abortion outside the jurisdiction from Ireland following implementation of telemedicine provision locally
Authors: Greene Jo , Butler Éadaoin , Conlon Catherine , Antosik-Parsons Kate , Gomperts Rebecca 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundAbortion was legalised in Ireland in 2019 and telemedicine provision introduced in April 2020. We examined patterns in and reasons for seeking and receiving online telemedicine abortion outside the jurisdiction following legalisation and introduction of telemedicine abortion.MethodsQuantitative analysis compared frequency of contact, completed requests, service user characteristics and reasons for contacting Women on Web (WoW). Statistical analyses assessed if COVID-19 restrictions and the implementation of telemedicine abortion locally impacted on WoW contact patterns. Thematic analysis of email correspondence analysed reasons for seeking online telemedicine abortion.ResultsThere were 764 requests from Ireland to WoW in 2019–2020, with 225 (29.5%) completed. Requests declined by 90 (21%) between 2019 and 2020, and proportion of completed requests declined by 11.3% (n=70). During COVID-19 restrictions, the proportion of completed requests decreased even more (25%, n=24). Legal restrictions and cost declined as reasons for seeking online telemedicine and childcare, work/study commitments and being with partner/friend increased. During COVID-19 an abusive partner increased as the cited reason. Barriers cited in email correspondence included lack of proximate provider, not qualifying due to legal status and difficulty participating in consultations due to an abusive partner.ConclusionsOnline telemedicine abortion seeking from WoW outside the jurisdiction reduced in the second year of legalisation. Local introduction of telemedicine abortion addressed reasons cited for seeking online telemedicine, other than abusive partner. Increasing awareness of abortion provision, particularly access pathways, free cost and confidentiality, promoting normalisation and retaining local telemedicine can reduce reliance on online telemedicine. Extending the format of local telemedicine abortion to include text-based contact could alleviate how an abusive partner impedes access.
R-Optimal Designs for Canonical Polynomial Models with Mixture Experiments
Authors: Panda Mahesh Kumar 
Published: October 2021

The concept of R-optimality was introduced in the literature as an alternative to the commonly used D-optimality criteria when the objective is to construct rectangular confidence regions. This present article aspires to extend the notion of R-optimality in mixture experiments. In this study, we obtain saturated R-optimal designs for quadratic canonical polynomial for[Formula: see text]mixture components as well as for different forms of cubic polynomial mixture models, that is, full cubic, cubic without 3-way effect, and special cubic mixture models in three mixture components. The optimality of the proposed designs is confirmed by the equivalence theorem. AMS subject classification: 62K05
Smart criminal justice: Phenomena and normative requirements
Authors: Simmler Monika , Canova Giulia , Schedler Kuno 
Published: October 2021

Advanced technology is not only transforming the public sector in general but is also increasingly transmuting the criminal justice system. Smart applications are designed to predict crimes, automate legal proceedings, and predict recidivism. We argue that such use of intelligent technology to optimize police work, criminal justice, and law enforcement is ultimately serving to establish a “smart criminal justice.” However, not every use of technology is intelligent or “smart,” per se. Based on a literature analysis, we explore the meaning of “smartness” from a descriptive and normative perspective, in order to develop a catalog of decisive criteria. We identify the use of technology as a basic prerequisite, and efficiency, effectiveness, and participation as normative criteria for any smart initiative in the public sector. Considering the specifics of the criminal justice system, these criteria can be expanded by claims related to legality, equality, and transparency. In sum, this article presents and discusses guidelines for assessing the usefulness and legitimacy of technical innovations in the criminal justice system. The catalog developed here will facilitate practitioners and policy-makers in determining when the use of technology in criminal justice is actually smart, and more importantly, when it is not. Points for practitioners Advanced technology is increasingly being used in the public sector in general and the criminal justice system in particular, bringing opportunities as well as substantial risk. The use of technology has to adhere to normative principles to be considered as “smart criminal justice.” This article presents a list of normative criteria that can be used in practice to assess whether technology in criminal justice is used smartly. Practitioners are encouraged to use this catalog as a guide for procurement, implementation, and evaluation processes.
Association Between Time to First RNA-Negative Test Result Among People With Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Homelessness or Testing at a Correctional or Substance Use Treatment Facility, New York City
Authors: Moore Miranda S. , Bocour Angelica 
Published: October 2021

Objective Curative treatments for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are available, but access and barriers to treatment can delay initiation. We investigated the time to first negative RNA test result among people with HCV infection and examined differences by homeless status and whether people were tested at a correctional facility or substance use treatment facility. Methods We used surveillance data to identify New York City residents first reported with HCV infection during January 1, 2015–December 31, 2018, with ≥1 positive RNA test result during January 1, 2015–November 1, 2019. We used Kaplan–Meier survival analysis to determine the time from the first positive RNA test result to the first negative RNA test result, with right-censoring at date of death or November 1, 2019. We determined substance use treatment, incarceration, or homelessness by ordering facility name and address or from patient residential address. Results Of 13 952 people with an HCV RNA–positive test result first reported during 2015-2018, 6947 (49.8%) subsequently received an RNA-negative test result. Overall, 25% received an RNA-negative test result within 208 (95% CI, 200-216) days and 50% within 902 (95% CI, 841-966) days. Homelessness, incarceration, or substance use treatment was indicated for 4304 (30.9%) people, among whom 25% received an RNA-negative test result within 469 (95% CI, 427-520) days and <50% received an RNA-negative test result during the study period. Conclusions Efforts to connect people to treatment should occur soon after diagnosis, especially for people who could benefit from hepatitis C care coordination.
Experiences of Safety-Net Practice Clinicians Participating in the National Health Service Corps During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Pathman Donald E. , Sonis Jeffrey , Harrison Jerry N. , Sewell Robert G. , Fannell Jackie , Overbeck Marc , Konrad Thomas R. 
Published: October 2021

Objectives: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been particularly harsh for low-income and racial and ethnic minority communities. It is not known how the pandemic has affected clinicians who provide care to these communities through safety-net practices, including clinicians participating in the National Health Service Corps (NHSC). Methods: In late 2020, we surveyed clinicians who were serving in the NHSC as of July 1, 2020, in 20 states. Clinicians reported on work and job changes and their current well-being, among other measures. Analyses adjusted for differences in subgroup response rates and clustering of clinicians within practices. Results: Of 4263 surveyed clinicians, 1890 (44.3%) responded. Work for most NHSC clinicians was affected by the pandemic, including 64.5% whose office visit numbers fell by half and 62.5% for whom most visits occurred virtually. Fewer experienced changes in their jobs; for example, only 14.9% had been furloughed. Three-quarters (76.6%) of these NHSC clinicians scored in at-risk levels for their well-being. Compared with primary care and behavioral health clinicians, dental clinicians much more often had been furloughed and had their practices close temporarily. Conclusions: The pandemic has disrupted the work, jobs, and mental health of NHSC clinicians in ways similar to its reported effects on outpatient clinicians generally. Because clinicians’ mental health worsens after a pandemic, which leads to patient disengagement and job turnover, national programs and policies should help safety-net practices build cultures that support and give greater priority to clinicians’ work, job, and mental health needs now and before the next pandemic.
Intoxication without anticipation: Disentangling pharmacological from expected effects of alcohol
Authors: McNeill Adam M , Monk Rebecca L , Qureshi Adam , Heim Derek 
Published: October 2021

Background: The pharmacological effects of alcohol on executive function, craving and subsequent alcohol-seeking have been well documented. Yet, insufficient methodological controls within existing alcohol administration paradigms have meant that the relative importance of alcohol’s pharmacological and anticipatory effects remains in need of further elucidation. Aim: The objective of this study is to disentangle alcohol’s pharmacological effects from its anticipatory effects on alcohol-related cognitions and subsequent consumption. Methods: Inhibitory control, attentional bias and craving were assessed pre- and post-consumption in 100 participants who were randomly allocated to one of four beverage conditions in a two by two design: (1) alcohol aware (alcohol with participant knowledge (pharmacological/anticipation effects)), (2) alcohol blind (alcohol without participant knowledge; in a novel grain alcohol masking condition (pharmacological/no anticipation effects)), (3) placebo (no alcohol but participants were deceived (anticipation/non-pharmacological effects)) and (4) pure control (no alcohol with participant knowledge (no anticipation/non-pharmacological effects)). Results: Findings suggest that the pharmacological effects of alcohol result in greater inhibitory control impairments compared with anticipated effects. Anticipatory but not the pharmacological effects of alcohol were found to increase attentional bias. Both pharmacology and anticipation resulted in increased craving, though higher levels of craving were observed due to alcohol’s pharmacology. Furthermore, alcohol pharmacology resulted in heightened ad libitum consumption; however, anticipation did not. Changes in craving partially mediated the relationship between initial intoxication and subsequent drinking, while inhibitory control impairments did not. Conclusions: Successive alcohol consumption appears driven primarily by the pharmacological effects of alcohol which are exerted via changes in craving.
Quantifying the Impact of Capacity Constraints in Economic Evaluations: An Application in Precision Medicine
Authors: Wright Stuart J. , Newman William G. , Payne Katherine 
Published: October 2021

Background Examples of precision medicine are complex interventions featuring both testing and treatment components. Because of this complexity, there are often barriers to the introduction of such interventions. Few economic evaluations attempt to determine the impact of these barriers on the cost-effectiveness of the intervention. This study presents a case study economic evaluation that illustrates how the value of implementation methods may be used to quantify the impact of capacity constraints in a decision-analytic model. Methods A baseline decision-analytic model-based economic evaluation of ALK mutation testing was reproduced from a published technology appraisal. Three constraints (commissioning awareness, localization of testing, and pathology laboratory capacity) were identified using qualitative interviews, parameterized, and incorporated into the model. Value of implementation methods were used alongside incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) to quantify the impact on the cost-effectiveness and net monetary benefit (NMB) of each capacity constraint and from the 3 constraints combined. Results Each of the 3 capacity constraints resulted in a loss of NMB ranging from £7773 (0.1% of the total) per year for localized testing to £4,907,893 (77%) for a lack of awareness about commissioning ALK testing. When combined, the constraints resulted in a loss of NMB of £5,289,414 (83%). The localization and limited pathology capacity constraints slightly increased the ICER, but the lack of commissioning awareness constraint did not change the ICER. Conclusions Capacity constraints may have a significant impact on the NMB produced by examples of precision medicine. Value of implementation methods can be used to quantify the impact of such constraints by combining the impact of the constraints on the cost-effectiveness of the intervention with the impact on the number of patients receiving the intervention. Highlights While capacity constraints may prevent the use of precision medicine in clinical practice, economic evaluations rarely account for the impact of such barriers. This study demonstrates how constraints can be identified using qualitative methods and subsequently incorporated into decision-analytic models using quantitative value of implementation methods. In addition, this article demonstrates how value of implementation methods can be used to account for the impact of capacity constraints on the costs and benefits of an intervention as well as the number of patients receiving the intervention. In the case study presented herein, a capacity constraint reducing patient access to an example of precision medicine caused the biggest loss of net monetary benefit. Health economists should consider moving beyond incremental cost-effectiveness ratios to measures of total net monetary benefit to fully capture the impact of implementing precision medicine.
Prospective Study of Different Staple Diets of Diabetic Indian Population
Authors: Raghuram Nagarathna , Anand Akshay , Mathur Deepali , Patil Suchitra S. , Singh Amit , Rajesh S. K. , Hari Geetharani , Verma Prashant , Nanda Sapna , Hongasandra Nagendra 
Published: October 2021

Background: Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. Its prevention and regulation depends on dietary pattern and lifestyle. There are numerous studies which have been conducted to elucidate the relationship between type of diet consumption and sugar levels. The objective of this study was to enumerate the distribution of the staple food consumed in seven zones across India and their association with sugar levels. Methods: A pan-India multicentered screening, covering the 63 districts, 29 states, and 4 union territories per populations, was undertaken. A specially designed questionnaire was administered for data collection, which comprised specific questions for diet 17,280 sample was analyzed across seven zones of India. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS; 21.0) software was used to analyze the data. Results: The survey suggested that rice and wheat are the major staple food consumed across different regions of India. In Jammu, North, East, South, and central zones, consumption of rice was more than wheat. However, in North and West zones, consumption of wheat was observed to be more than rice. Mean values of fasting blood sugar (FBS), postprandial blood sugar (PPBS) were high in the group consuming Bajra (128.3 & 160.5). Similarly, FBS mean was less in group consuming rice (114.6), and PPBS was low in group consuming ragi (149.2). Conclusion: Staple food has significant effect on FBS, PPBS and glycated haemoglobin cholesterol levels and anthropometric measurements.
Predictors of Decline in Renal Function 5 Years after EVAR
Authors: Blecha Matthew , Malach Lillian , Dickens Brooke , Decicco Emily , D’Andrea Melissa , DeJong Matthew , Bechara Carlos F. 
Published: October 2021

Introduction While there exists copious short-term data regarding renal function following infra-renal endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR), long-term analysis is sparse. This is a single institution retrospective review of predictors of renal function decline 5 years after elective EVAR. Methods All EVAR between 2007 and 2015 were queried. Patients in whom renal function was documented 5 years postoperatively were included in analysis. Exclusion criteria were ruptured aneurysm, mortality before 56 months, lack of follow-up, ESRD status, and concomitant renal intervention. The primary outcome investigated was a 20% or greater drop in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 5 years postoperatively. The following variables at the time of surgery were investigated as potential predictors: age, gender, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, CAD or prior MI, COPD, prior stroke, baseline eGFR under 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, supra-renal fixation, infra-renal fixation, neck diameter, neck length, and number of contrast CT. Results 354 EVAR were identified of which 143 met inclusion criteria (211 excluded). Univariate analysis revealed female gender (OR 2.7), hypertension (OR 9.4), baseline renal insufficiency (OR 3.8), larger neck diameter, and supra-renal fixation (OR 2.32) all predictive ( P < .05) of GFR drop at 5 years. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis found female gender (multivariate OR 3.9, P = .023) and baseline renal insufficiency (multivariate OR 3.0, P = .029) as significant predictors of greater than 20% GFR drop at 5 years. Only 2 patients of the 143 progressed to dialysis requirement at 5 years. Conclusions Females and patients with baseline renal insufficiency are more vulnerable to significant decline in renal function 5 years following EVAR. Consistent with analogous literature, supra-renal fixation appears moderately deleterious toward renal function with no clinical significance in those with baseline normal renal function. The potential benefit of avoidance of supra-renal fixation in female patients with baseline renal insufficiency is worth further investigation in a more robust multi-center study.