bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Positive Impact of Perioperative Oral Management on the Risk of Surgical Site Infections after Abdominal Surgery: A Analysis of Real-World Data from 16 University Hospitals in Japan
Authors: SHIMANE Tetsu , Koike Kazuyuki , Fujita Shigeyuki , Kurita Hiroshi , Isomura Emiko Tanaka , Chikazu Daichi , Kanno Naomi , Sasaki Keiichi , Hino Satoshi , Hibi Hideharu , Koyama Takahiro , Nakamura Seiji , Nomura Takeshi , Mori Yoshiyuki , Tojyo Itaru , Yamamoto Toshiro , Yamamori Iku , Aota Keiko , Tanzawa Hideki 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Surgical site infections (SSI) are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of perioperative oral management (POM) to reduce the risk of SSI in abdominal surgery. Real-world data collected from 16 Japanese university hospital was reviewed. Methods: The medical records of consecutive 2,782 patients (1,750 men and 1,032 women) who underwent abdominal surgery under general anesthesia in 16 university hospitals were retrospectively reviewed. Detailed information about SSI was assessed and compared between patients with and without POM in univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: SSI were observed in 275 patients (incidence rate: 9.9%) and POM was delivered in 778 patients (28.0%). Univariate analyses revealed that diabetes mellitus, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, the surgical site, the preoperative Prognostic Nutritional Index score, POM, the extent of surgery, the operation time, and the amount of intraoperative blood loss were significantly associated with postoperative SSI (Chi-square or Mann-Whitney U-test, p <0.01). The multivariate analysis revealed that POM had significant preventative effects against postoperative SSI (estimate: -0.245, standard error: 0.080, p <0.01). The surgical site, the ASA classification, and the operation time were also significant and independent clinical predictors of SSI.Conclusion: The analysis of real-world data from 16 university hospitals revealed that, regardless of the content and degree of the problem, addition of POM has significant beneficial effects in reducing the risk of SSI in patients who undergo abdominal surgery.
The GoogLeNet-assisted Phase Transition Detectors
Authors: Wong C. H. , Wu Raymond P. H. , Lei X. , Zatsepin A. F. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The GoogLeNet model can completely split the overlapped phase transitions in the superconducting nanowire arrays under Josephson interaction. In the presence of the phase fluctuations in superconducting nanowires array, the electrical resistance of the superconducting nanowires is always non-zero unless the system undergoes Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition where the superconducting vortices and anti-vortices form pairs. The two-dimensional XY model can mimic the superconducting transition temperature Tc and the BKT transition temperature TBKT by observing the heat capacity anomalies upon cooling. If the Josephson coupling across the nanowires is strong, the heat capacity anomalies almost overlap with each other so that the traditional curve-fitting techniques are difficult to completely distinguish between the Tc and the TBKT. To solve this issue, we apply an artificial-intelligence technique to completely split the overlapped heat capacity anomalies. After the GoogLeNet-assisted phase transition detector is built, the GoogLeNet model can learn from the features of the phase transitions and then interpret the Tc and TBKT in the ‘unseen’ system precisely. Our work opens a path for the GoogLeNet model to enter the world of superconductivity.
Corneal Ectasia in Mothers of Down Syndrome Children
Authors: Hashemi Hassan , Asgari Soheila , Panahi Parsa , Mehravaran Shiva , Fotouhi Akbar , Ambrósio Renato 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this study, corneal findings regarding keratoconus (KC) and early KC among mothers with Down syndrome children (MDS) and a group of age-at-delivery-matched mothers with normal children (MNC) were compared. KC was diagnosed based on the presence of a clinical sign and at least one abnormal tomographic or biomechanical criterion. Early KC was defined as having no clinical sign in the presence of at least one abnormal tomographic or biomechanical criterion. The normal subgroups in each group were compared in terms tomographic and biomechanical parameters. In MDS and MNC, the prevalence rates were 6.5% and 1.6% for KC (P = 0.047), and 30.9% and 14.3% for early KC (P = 0.014), respectively. Comparison between the two normal subgroups showed significant differences in mean index of height asymmetry, irregularity index, anterior asphericity, pentacam random forest index, corneal stiffness parameters at first applanation, deformation amplitude ratios, integrated radius-1mm, highest concavity deflection amplitude, biomechanical corrected IOP, peak distance, and radius (all P < 0.05). This study showed that MDS are more likely to have KC and also to have thinner, steeper and softer corneas compared to MNC. This results support the need for further work for determining the risk of delivering a child with DS.
Prediction and applications of lymph nodes posterior to the right recurrent laryngeal nerve metastasis in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Tan Hai-Long , Khushbu Rooh-Afza , Yuan Zheng-Tai , Feng Chen-Zhe , Zhao Ya-Xin , Chen Pei , Hu Hui-Yu , Liu Mian , Ou-Yang Deng-Jie , Qin Zi-en , Huang Peng , Chang Shi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose

Residues from the LN-prRLN are one of the main reasons for persistence or recurrence in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). However, the methods for preoperative assessment of LN-prRLN status, as well as the correlation with other clinicopathological features remains unclear.
Methods

Clinicopathological feature of 493 patients with PTC were retrospectively reviewed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the independent risk factors of LN-prRLN metastasis. The implications of positive LN-prRLN on right lateral lymph node and contralateral central lymph node metastasis were also investigated.
Results

Among the 493 patients, 343 (69.6%) was women and the average age was 39.06 ± 10.63 years old. Male sex, tumor size > 10 mm, extrathyroidal extension, the number of lymph nodes anterior to the right recurrent laryngeal nerve (LN-arRLN) metastasis ≥ 1, and right lateral lymph node metastasis (right-LLNM) were found as the independent risk factors of LN-prRLN metastasis in PTC. The prediction model based on those five factors performed better than the other forecast models. Moreover, positive LN-prRLN, male sex, microcalcifications, and tumor size > 10 mm significantly increases the risk of right-LLNM. Meanwhile, positive LN-prRLNand male sex will significantly increase the risk of con-CLNM.
Conclusions

LN-prRLN dissection should be recommended in patients with male sex, tumor size > 10 mm, extrathyroidal extension, the number of LN-arRLN metastasis ≥ 1, and present right-LLNM. Furthermore, when LN-arRLN metastasis has occurred, surgeons should be more alert to the possibility of right lateral lymph node and contralateral central lymph node metastasis.
Grounds of socially dangerous acts criminalisation on the example of vandalism
Authors: Salaieva Karyna Anatoliivna 
Published: August 2021

The article defines the concept and grounds of criminalisation on the example of vandalism as a negative social phenomenon. The author proves that the scale of vandalism and the consequences of its commission increase due to the ignoring of this problem by the legislator.
The main criterion for criminalisation is the need to use it to combat a particular type of action. This need is due to the impossibility of preventing certain types of anti-social behaviour by non-criminal means. This aims at the legislator to refrain from criminal liability in all cases without exception, when it is unable to serve the purpose of reducing the crime rate of the type.
Issues of criminalisation of socially dangerous acts are developed by modern criminal law science, but are not always taken into account in the development and adoption of certain laws on criminal liability, which may create imperfections in these laws and inconsistencies in law enforcement practice. Science has proposed many variants of the principles of criminalisation, which often differ significantly from each other. However, all of them can be grouped into 3 major groups: legal-criminological, socio-economic and socio-psychological. We proton to consider compliance with the grounds for criminalisation on the example of committing acts of vandalism, which we propose to supplement with aggravating circumstances.
The listed grounds for criminalisation of vandalism confirm the possibility to include it in the list of socially dangerous criminally illegal acts. It is clear that the list of these grounds is somewhat larger, and the proposed study lists only those that correspond to vandalism. In addition, it is not necessary for criminalisation to have all of these grounds at the same time and in combination, as any one or some of these grounds may be sufficient.
Modern trends in Ukrainian criminal law doctrine in the trials of representatives of the Association of Criminal Law
Authors: Kozachenko Oleksandr Vasylovych 
Published: August 2021

The article made an overview analysis of selected scientific publications placed in the published in 2021 a collection of scientific papers " Latest Criminal Law Research - 2021", which had been prepared in connection with the formation and further discussion of the draft Criminal Code of Ukraine. Researchers raise a wide range of issues related to the formation of the fundamental foundations of a new in content and form of criminal law, and of its individual institutions in order to find effective forms and measures to counter the challenges that have emerged in the context of widespread criminalization of various spheres of human life.
Modern Ukrainian criminal law is in a state of comprehensive transformation caused by socio-economic, political, ideological and other changes in society and the state. Building a legal and social state, transforming society in order to give it the content of a civil society is impossible without a fundamental change in law. This is what determines the schedule of most scientific events of various formats and requires Ukrainian researchers, both theorists and practitioners, to participate in the discussion of a large number of debatable issues of the normative definition and practice of applying legal norms in various branches of law.
It should be noted that representatives of the Ukrainian criminal law doctrine are at the forefront of the formation of a modern, both in form and in content, branch of criminal law. Naturally, most of the well-known representatives of the Ukrainian criminal law elite are members of the Public Organization "All-Ukrainian Association of Criminal Law" and provide real support to the activities of the Working Group on the Development of Criminal Law, which functions as a structural unit of the Commission on Legal Reform, created by the Decree of the President of Ukraine dated August 7, 2019 No. 584/2019.
The pages of the annual publication of scientific papers "Latest Criminal Law Research - 2021" have become the traditional venue for discussions on topical issues of Ukrainian criminal law.
The general purpose of this survey study is to conduct an analysis of thematic publications, which includes: a) the topic under study; c) the relevance of its consideration, taking into account modern needs; c) contribution to the development of criminal law science; e) sources used and links to scientific publications.
From a methodological point of view, this study is close to hermeneutics, obtained as a result of deep understanding and interpretation of 10 scientific articles.
Among the most significant conclusions, it stands out that the core of modern criminal law is a person to whom this place has been replaced by the state. In addition, the studies of Ukrainian scientists are consonant with the current problems and trends of the world criminal law science, which cannot but affect the formation of modern Ukrainian criminal law.
Investigating use of chlorine dioxide for pre-treatment of raw water from polluted sources at Morton Jaffray Water Treatment Works, Harare, Zimbabwe
Authors: Hoko Zvikomborero , Toto Tariro N. , Mapenzauswa Clarence Farai , Nhiwatiwa Tamuka , Chipfunde Lisben , Hunguru Sylvester 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Raw water quality deterioration has affected capabilities of Conventional Water Treatment Processes (CWTP) in many countries. CWTP used at Morton Jaffray Water Treatment Works (MJWTW) in Harare have proven ineffective due to pollution. The study investigated the use of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) as an alternative pre-treatment chemical. Its effectiveness was compared to that of calcium hypochlorite (Ca(CIO)2) used at MJWTW. Grab raw water samples from MJWTW were collected between January and March 2020 and pre-treated with ClO2 and Ca(CIO)2 followed by jar tests with alum to determine pre-treatment effectiveness. Parameters analyzed included electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total solids (TS), turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), pH and total algae counts (TAC). The raw water had mean TDS (264 mg/L), TS (440 mg/L), turbidity (7.1 NTU), COD (85 mg/L), pH (7.9) and TAC (28.4 × 106 cells/mL). The optimum alum dosage without pre-oxidation was 80 mg/L. Pre-oxidation with 0.075 mg/L ClO2 reduced alum dosage to 60 mg/L. This ClO2 dosage was compared to a Ca(CIO)2 dosage of the same concentration and strength at 5 and 15-minutes contact time before alum dosage at 60 mg/L. The treated water quality parameter levels proved better performance for ClO2 compared to calcium hypochlorite.
Boosting Auto-Induction of Recombinant Proteins in Escherichia coli with Glucose and Lactose Additives
Authors: Tahara Nariyasu , Tachibana Itaru , Takeo Kazuyo , Yamashita Shinji , Shimada Atsuhiro , Hashimoto Misuzu , Ohno Satoshi , Yokogawa Takashi , Nakagawa Tsutomu , Suzuki Fumiaki , Ebihara Akio 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Auto-induction is a convenient way to produce recombinant proteins without
inducer addition using lac operon-controlled Escherichia coli expression systems. Auto-induction
can occur unintentionally using a complex culture medium prepared by mixing culture substrates.
The differences in culture substrates sometimes lead to variations in the induction level.

Objectives:
In this study, we investigated the feasibility of using glucose and lactose as boosters of
auto-induction with a complex culture medium.

Methods:
First, auto-induction levels were assessed by quantifying recombinant GFPuv expression
under the control of the T7 lac promoter. Effectiveness of the additive-containing medium was examined
using ovine angiotensinogen (tac promoter-based expression) and Thermus thermophilus
manganese-catalase (T7 lac promoter-based expression).

Results:
Auto-induced GFPuv expression was observed with the enzymatic protein digest Polypepton,
but not with another digest tryptone. Regardless of the type of protein digest, supplementing
Terrific Broth medium with glucose (at a final concentration of 2.9 g/L) and lactose (at a final concentration
of 7.6 g/L) was successful in obtaining an induction level similar to that achieved with a
commercially available auto-induction medium. The two recombinant proteins were produced in
milligram quantity of purified protein per liter of culture.

Conclusion:
The medium composition shown in this study would be practically useful for attaining
reliable auto-induction for E. coli-based recombinant protein production.
Dengue Virus Entry/Fusion Inhibition By Small Bioactive Molecules: A
Critical Review
Authors: Jubie Selvaraj , Naresh Podila , Pottabatula Shyam Sunder 
Published: August 2021

:
Many flaviviruses are remarkable human pathogens that can be transmitted by mosquitoes
and ticks. Despite the availability of vaccines for viral infections such as yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis,
and tick-borne encephalitis, flavivirus-like dengue is still a significant life-threatening illness
worldwide. To date, there is no antiviral treatment for dengue therapy. Industry and the research
community have been taking ongoing steps to improve anti-flavivirus treatment to meet this clinical
need. The successful activity has been involved in the inhibition of the virus entry fusion process in
the last two decades. In this study, the latest understanding of the use of small molecules used as fusion
inhibitors has been comprehensively presented. We summarized the structure, the process of fusion
of dengue virus E protein (DENV E), and the amino acids involved in the fusion process. Special
attention has been given to small molecules that allow conformational changes to DENV E protein,
viz. blocking the pocket of βOG, which is important for fusion.
Recent Advances in the Development of Type 2 Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter
Inhibitors for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Estrada Ana Karen , Delgado-Maldonado Timoteo , Lara-Ramírez Edgar E. , Martínez-Vázquez Ana Verónica , Ortiz-Pérez Eyra , Paz-González Alma D. , Bandyopadhyay Debasish , Rivera Gildardo 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most serious and prevalent
diseases worldwide. In the last decade, type 2 sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors (iSGLT2) were
approved as alternative drugs for the pharmacological treatment of T2DM. The anti-hyperglycemic
mechanism of action of these drugs involves glycosuria. In addition, SGLT2 inhibitors cause beneficial
effects such as weight loss, a decrease in blood pressure, and others.

Objective:
This review aimed to describe the origin of SGLT2 inhibitors and analyze their recent development
in preclinical and clinical trials.

Results:
In 2013, the FDA approved SGLT2 inhibitors as a new alternative for the treatment of
T2DM. These drugs have shown good tolerance with few adverse effects in clinical trials. Additionally,
new potential anti-T2DM agents based on iSGLT2 (O-, C-, and N-glucosides) have exhibited a
favorable profile in preclinical evaluations, making them candidates for advanced clinical trials.

Conclusion:
The clinical results of SGLT2 inhibitors show the importance of this drug class as new
anti-T2DM agents with a potential dual effect. Additionally, the preclinical results of SGLT2 inhibitors
favor the design and development of more selective new agents. However, several adverse effects
could be a potential risk for patients.
Burden of Chronic Conditions Among Persons with HIV/AIDS and Psychiatric Comorbidity
Authors: Chhatre Sumedha , Woody George , Metzger David S , Jayadevappa Ravishankar 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Improved survivorship among persons living with HIV translates into a
higher risk of medical comorbidities.

Objective :
We assessed the association between the intersection of physical (HIV) and mental
health (psychiatric) conditions and intermediate outcomes.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS)-
Household Component between 1996 and 2016. We created four groups for persons aged ≥18: (1)
HIV + psychiatric comorbidity, (2) HIV, (3) psychiatric comorbidity, and (4) no-HIV/no-psychiatric
comorbidity. We compared the burden of medical comorbidities (metabolic disorders, cardiovascular
disease, cancers, infectious diseases, pain, and substance use) among groups using chisquare
tests. We used logistic regression to determine the association between group status and
medical comorbidity.

Results:
Of 218,133,630 (weighted) persons aged ≥18, 0.18% were HIV-positive. Forty-three percent
of the HIV group and 19% of the no-HIV group had psychiatric comorbidities. Half of the
HIV+ psychiatric disorder group had at least one medical comorbidity. Compared to the no-
HIV/no-psychiatric comorbidity group, the HIV + psychiatric comorbidity group had the highest
odds of medical comorbidity (OR= 3.69, 95% CI = 2.99, 4.52).

Conclusion:
Persons presenting with HIV + psychiatric comorbidity had higher odds of medical comorbidities
of pain, cancer, cardiovascular disease, substance use, metabolic disorders and infectious
diseases, beyond that experienced by persons with HIV infection or psychiatric disorders, independently.
Future research will focus on the mediating effects of social determinants and biological
factors on outcomes such as the quality of life, cost and mortality. This will facilitate a shift
away from the single-disease framework and compress morbidity of the aging cohort of HIV-infected
persons.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of HBV and HCV Co-Infection Among People Living with HIV in an Egyptian Setting
Authors: El-Ghitany Engy Mohamed , Farghaly Azza Galal , Alkassabany Yasmine Mohammed 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infections constitute a global health concern. They share common modes
of transmission, increasing the likelihood of co-infection. Co-infection accelerates viral replication,
promotes the progression of chronic liver diseases and challenges antiviral therapy. There are no
available data addressing the magnitude of chronic viral hepatitis co-infection in people living with
HIV in Egypt. Nor is there a mandate for HCV/HBV screening. This cross-sectional study provides
needed data on HBV and/or HCV co-infection in Egyptian people living with HIV.

Subjects and Methods:
The study was conducted at the HIV clinic in Alexandria Fever Hospital.
The investigation included 168 confirmed HIV cases. All cases were interviewed and tested for
HCV-Ab and HBsAg by ELISA.

Results:
There were 52 (31%) persons who were anti-HCV positive. 40 of them had detectable
HCV RNA (76.9%). HIV/HCV co-infection was significantly higher among males (40.7%) compared
to only (10.9%) among females (OR = 3). History of imprisonment (OR = 4.84, CI:
1.33-17.62), accidental puncture with protruding needle contaminated with blood (OR = 3.35, CI:
0.99-11.72), alcohol use (OR = 3.03, CI: 1.13-8.09) and male gender (OR = 2.96, CI: 0.99-8.88)
were all significant predictors for HIV/HCV co-infection. On the other hand, HIV/HCV co-infection
was inversely associated with high education level (OR = 0.28, CI: 0.10-0.76). HBsAg was detected
in 4 (2.4%), and anti-HBc in 49 (29.2%) of HIV patients. Previous HBV infection (positive
anti-HBc/negative anti-HBs) was significantly associated with a history of female genital mutilation
circumcision, injection drug use, invasive procedures, non-specific fatigue and HCV-Ab seropositivity.

Conclusion:
Egyptian people living with HIV have an increased frequency of HCV antibody and
HCV infection compared to the general population indicating a higher risk of infection and suggest
a higher risk of HCV exposure. Past or present HBV co-infections are also elevated. Routine
screening of these viruses in the management protocol of people living with HIV in Egypt is recommended.
Solvent-Free Synthesis of Pyrrolo [2,1-α] Isoquinolines via One-Pot Four-
Component Reaction
Authors: Aminkhani Ali , Sharifi Sina 
Published: August 2021

Abstract:
An efficient four-component reaction to synthesize pyrrolo [2,1-a] isoquinolines from
malononitrile, aromatic aldehydes, isoquinoline, and cyclohexyl isocyanide under solvent-free
conditions is described. In a convenient, simple, and efficient one-pot procedure, the domino
Knoevenagel-nucleophilic cycloaddition reaction affords excellent yields of products in less
than 1 h.