bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A model‐driven approach for deployment descriptor design in network function virtualization
Authors: Atoui Wassim Sellil , Assy Nour , Gaaloul Walid , Ben Yahia Imen Grida 
Published: April 2021

SummaryService providers in network function virtualization usually design manually or with static automation the deployment descriptors for virtual network functions. The descriptors are semi‐structured files that contain information about the resource requirements and the operational behavior of virtual network functions. Designing the descriptors manually and without formal strategies is certainly a cumbersome and error‐prone task for service providers. In this work, we propose a model‐driven approach that assists service providers in designing the deployment descriptors. This approach uses a configurable model iteratively to give service providers insights on which best configuration to choose. Concretely, we propose (1) to use a configurable deployment descriptor model, (2) a learning approach based on machine learning to automatically construct the configurable model, and (3) an approach that learns configuration guidelines from a catalog of deployment descriptors to assist service providers with the selection of the configuration to use. The configurable deployment descriptor model captures the relation and also the variability between the virtualized network function (VNF) elements from different deployment descriptors. We propose a learning approach to build the configurable deployment descriptor model by finding and federating similar VNF elements from different deployment descriptors. With our machine learning approach, we construct automatically the configurable model from a set of deployment descriptors. We use afterward the configurable model to learn configuration guidelines from the deployment descriptors and recommend them for service providers. The results of our experiments highlight the effectiveness of our approach to learning configurable deployment descriptor models.
Unexpected cardio‐circulatory arrest during a brain‐dead donor organ retrieval
Authors: Chen Pei‐Hsing , Shih Yu‐Shan , Chiu Ching‐Tang , Huang Shu‐Chien , Hsu Hsao‐Hsun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAccording to the Maastricht classification category of donation after circulatory death (DCD), type IV DCD refers to brain‐dead donors who are re‐categorized after unexpected circulatory arrest before donor organ retrieval. Clinical management is challenging, even in intensive care units, where most of this type of organ donation occurs. We report a case of the first successful lung transplantation (LTx) using type IV DCD organ in Taiwan. The recipient's recovery was satisfactory, without acute or chronic organ dysfunction. When unexpected events made the brain‐dead donors suffer from sudden onset of cardiac arrest before or during organ donation surgery, immediately switching the retrieval protocol from donation after brain death (DBD) to DCD could expand the donor pool and increase organ supply. The well‐prepared and experienced transplant team and prompt protocol switch made this transplant surgery possible.
Construction of Tissue‐Level Cancer‐Vascular Model with High‐Precision Position Control via In Situ 3D Cell Printing
Authors: Kim Byoung Soo , Cho Won‐Woo , Gao Ge , Ahn Minjun , Kim Jongmin , Cho Dong‐Woo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDuring tumor progression, the size and location of the tumor are important factors closely associated with the metastatic potential of the cancer as they largely govern tumor hypoxia and angiogenesis. However, despite the achievements of previous studies, these critical factors are poorly studied, mainly due to the lack of a flexible technique that can readily control 3D tumor mimicking constructs and their spatial relations with vasculature. Here, a novel tissue‐level platform consisting of a metastatic cancer unit (MCU) and a perfusable vascular endothelium system (VES) is presented using in situ 3D cell printing. Size‐tunable and position‐controllable 3D cancer spheroids (500–1000 µm) are directly printed within the established bath bioink with a self‐driven perfusable vascular channel. The cancer‐vascular interactions are generated through controlling the distance between MCU and VES to investigate metastasis‐associated changes at adjacent and distal regions. The result shows that MCU in 600 µm diameter includes hypoxia, invasion, and angiogenetic signaling. The further observations demonstrate that the proximity of MCU to VES augments the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) in MCU and vascular dysfunction/inflammation in VES, corroborating the positional significance in tumor metastasis. The platform with the precise‐positioning control enables the recapitulation of patient's detailed metastatic progression, opening the chance for precision cancer medicine.
Toward a relational approach in global climate governance: Exploring the role of trust
Authors: Marion Suiseeya Kimberly R. , Elhard Diana K. , Paul Christopher John 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhat role does trust play in global climate governance? For decades, claims of mistrust and distrust have dominated climate change policy arenas: doubts about climate change science and disagreements over rights and responsibilities related to mitigation, adaptation, loss, and damages undermine trust, impeding progress toward effective global climate action. And although frequently invoked in explanations of weak or failed climate action, there is limited research exploring the role oftrustas a distinct concept in global climate governance. Here we seek to address this gap by developing a relational framework that focuses attention on how trust dynamics shape cooperation in four types of relationships: reliance, reciprocity, responsibility, and recognition. Applying this framework to the UNFCCC, we consider how efforts like expanded participation impact the relational landscape in global climate governance. We focus in particular on Indigenous Peoples and non‐state actors to demonstrate how the UNFCCC's efforts to address its legitimacy and credibility problems have neither adequately considered trust nor created opportunities to develop the transformative relationships needed for more effective climate governance. We suggest that greater attention to trust can help scholars and practitioners better understand how relational phenomena shape the landscape of governance possibilities.This article is categorized under:Policy and Governance > Multilevel and Transnational Climate Change Governance
The impacts of heat stress on animal cognition: Implications for adaptation to a changing climate
Authors: Soravia Camilla , Ashton Benjamin J. , Thornton Alex , Ridley Amanda R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWith global surface air temperature rising rapidly, extensive research effort has been dedicated to assessing the consequences of this change for wildlife. While impacts on the phenology, distribution, and demography of wild animal populations are well documented, the impact of increasing temperature on cognition in these populations has received relatively little attention. Cognition encompasses the mental mechanisms that allow individuals to process information from the surrounding environment, respond accordingly, and flexibly adjust behavior. Hence, it is likely to be a key factor in allowing animals to adjust adaptively to climate change. Captive studies show that heat stress can negatively affect cognitive performance not only in the short‐term but also in the long‐term, by altering cognitive development at early life stages. Field studies indicate that cognitive performance may affect survival and reproductive success. However, the link between heat stress, cognition, and fitness in wild animals has yet to be formally established. We propose a comprehensive research framework for the collection of robust empirical datasets on heat stress and cognitive performance in the wild. We then suggest how knowledge of heat stress impacts on cognitive performance could be applied to population viability models and wildlife management actions. We believe that a joint research effort encompassing the fields of thermal physiology, behavioral ecology, comparative cognition, and conservation science, is essential to provide timely mitigation measures against the potential impacts of climate change on wildlife.This article is categorized under:
Climate, Ecology, and Conservation > Observed Ecological Changes
Sex Worker-Led Provision of Services in New Zealand: Optimising Health and Safety in a Decriminalised Context
Authors: Abel Gillian , Healy Catherine 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDecriminalisation recognises sex work as work; it provides opportunities for promoting the health of sex workers and therefore goes a long way to addressing health and human rights inequities for this sector of the population. This chapter focuses on three scenarios (among many) where decriminalisation of sex work in New Zealand has been successful in promoting sex workers’ health, safety, and wellbeing and, in so doing, provides a blueprint for best practice in working with sex workers.Although services for sex workers are available in many countries, they tend to focus on street-based sex workers, who are perceived as the most vulnerable and thus most in need. A decriminalised context provides greater access to peer support (Harcourt 2010), which is much better positioned to address the complex needs of all sex workers. It also allows for sex workers to engage with others in the community for more effective policy as well as service provision (O’Neill and Pitcher, Sex work matters: exploring money, power and intimacy in the sex industry, Zed Books, London, 2010). In this chapter, we discuss:

How access to police has been improved for sex workers who wish to report sexual assault

How decriminalisation has enabled interagency collaboration when working with sex workers who have concerns about practices within certain brothels

How new sex workers access information on safe practices in a decriminalised environment

We use the research literature from New Zealand and elsewhere to expand on the real-life stories of the engagement between New Zealand Prostitutes Collective and sex workers, agencies, and individuals to illustrate the three scenarios.
Integrated Interventions to Address Sex Workers’ Needs and Realities: Academic and Community Insights on Incorporating Structural, Behavioural, and Biomedical Approaches
Authors: Schwartz Sheree , Viswasam Nikita , Abdalla Phelister 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSex workers experience multi-factorial threats to their physical and mental health. Stigma, human rights violations and occupational exposures to violence, STIs, HIV, and unintended pregnancy create complex health inequities that may not be effectively addressed through programmes or services that focus on a single disease or issue. Meeting cisgender female, male, and transgender sex workers’ unmet needs and realities effectively requires more nuanced, multi-faceted public health approaches. Using a community-informed perspective, this chapter reviews layered multi-component and multi-level interventions that address a combination of structural, behavioural, and biomedical approaches. This chapter addresses (1) what are integrated interventions and why they are important; (2) what types of integrated interventions have been tested and what evidence is available on how integrated interventions have affected health outcomes; (3) what challenges and considerations are important when evaluating integrated interventions. Key findings include the dominance of biomedical and behavioural research among sex workers, which have produced mixed results at achieving impact. There is a need for further incorporation and evaluation of structural intervention components, particularly those identified as highest priority among sex workers, as well as the need for more opportunities for leadership from the sex work community in setting and implementing the research agenda.
Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights Inequities Among Sex Workers Across the Life Course
Authors: Shapiro Ania , Duff Putu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAll individuals, including sex workers, are entitled to the full spectrum of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and rights. Yet sex workers continue to bear significant SRH inequities and unmet needs for appropriate SRH services at every step along their sexual and reproductive lives. To illustrate the complex and nuanced barriers that currently impede sex workers’ access to SRH services, this chapter describes the current gaps in access to SRH services experienced by sex workers globally, drawing on in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 171 sex workers and sex worker organisations from across ten countries. Interviews highlight the lack of tailored, comprehensive, and integrated SRH services. These gaps are driven by intersecting structural forces such as: the criminalisation of sex work, same-sex relationships, and gender non-conformance; harmful and coercive SRH policies; sex work and gender-based stigma; and logistical and practical barriers. To support the SRH needs and rights of sex workers, participants recommended improved access to comprehensive, integrated services addressing sex workers’ broader SRH needs, including family planning, abortion and pregnancy needs, SRH screening, hormone therapy, and other gender-affirming services. Crucial steps towards ensuring equitable SRH access for sex workers include addressing stigma and discrimination within healthcare settings, removal of coercive SRH policies and practices, and dedicating appropriate resources towards sex worker-led SRH models within the context of decriminalisation of sex work.
Exploring the Protective Role of Sex Work Social Cohesion in Contexts of Violence and Criminalisation: A Case Study with Gender-Diverse Sex Workers in Jamaica
Authors: Logie Carmen H. , Wang Ying , Lalor Patrick , Levermore Kandasi , Williams Davina 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground: Sex work social cohesion (SWSC) is associated with reduced HIV vulnerabilities, yet little is known of its associations with mental health or violence. This is particularly salient to understand among gender-diverse sex workers who may experience criminalisation of sex work and same-gender sexual practices. This chapter explores SWSC and its associations with mental health and violence among sex workers in Jamaica.Methods: In collaboration with the Sex Work Association of Jamaica (SWAJ) and Jamaica AIDS Support for Life, we implemented a cross-sectional survey with a peer-driven sample of sex workers in Kingston, Montego Bay, and Ocho Rios. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was conducted to examine direct and indirect effects of SWSC on depressive symptoms and violence (from clients, intimate partners, and police), testing the mediating roles of sex work stigma and binge drinking. SWAJ developed an in-depth narrative of the lived experiences of a sex worker germane to understanding SWSC.Results: Participants (N = 340; mean age: 25.77, SD = 5.71) included 36.5% cisgender men, 29.7% transgender women, and 33.8% cisgender women. SEM results revealed that SWSC had significant direct and indirect effects on depressive symptoms. Sex work stigma partially mediated the relationship between SWSC and depressive symptoms. The direct path from SWSC to reduced violence was significant; sex work stigma partially mediated this relationship.Implications: Strengths-focused strategies can consider the multidimensional role that social cohesion plays in promoting health and safety among sex workers to further support the ways in which sex workers build community and advocate for rights.
ABJ correlators with weakly broken higher spin symmetry
Authors: Binder Damon J. , Chester Shai M. , Jerdee Max 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We consider four-point functions of operators in the stress tensor multiplet of the 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 6 U(N)k× U(N + M)−k or SO(2)2k× USp(2 + 2M)−k ABJ theories in the limit where M and k are taken to infinity while N and λ ∼ M/k are held fixed. In this limit, these theories have weakly broken higher spin symmetry and are holographically dual to $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 6 higher spin gravity on AdS4, where λ is dual to the bulk parity breaking parameter. We use the weakly broken higher spin Ward identities, superconformal Ward identities, and the Lorentzian inversion formula to fully determine the tree level stress tensor multiplet four-point function up to two free parameters. We then use supersymmetric localization to fix both parameters for the ABJ theories in terms of λ, so that our result for the tree level correlator interpolates between the free theory at λ = 0 and a parity invariant interacting theory at λ = 1/2. We compare the CFT data extracted from this correlator to a recent numerical bootstrap conjecture for the exact spectrum of U(1)2M× U(1 + M)−2M ABJ theory (i.e. λ = 1/2 and N = 1), and find good agreement in the higher spin regime.
Brothers increase women’s gender conformity
Authors: Brenøe Anne Ardila 
Published: April 2021

AbstractI examine how one central aspect of the family environment—sibling sex composition—affects women’s gender conformity. Using Danish administrative data, I causally estimate the effect of having a second-born brother relative to a sister for first-born women. I show that women with a brother acquire more traditional gender roles as measured through their choice of occupation and partner. This results in a stronger response to motherhood in labor market outcomes. As a relevant mechanism, I provide evidence of increased gender-specialized parenting in families with mixed-sex children. Finally, I find persistent effects on the next generation of girls.
Integrating high-performing electrochemical transducers in lateral flow assay
Authors: Perju Antonia , Wongkaew Nongnoot 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLateral flow assays (LFAs) are the best-performing and best-known point-of-care tests worldwide. Over the last decade, they have experienced an increasing interest by researchers towards improving their analytical performance while maintaining their robust assay platform. Commercially, visual and optical detection strategies dominate, but it is especially the research on integrating electrochemical (EC) approaches that may have a chance to significantly improve an LFA’s performance that is needed in order to detect analytes reliably at lower concentrations than currently possible. In fact, EC-LFAs offer advantages in terms of quantitative determination, low-cost, high sensitivity, and even simple, label-free strategies. Here, the various configurations of EC-LFAs published are summarized and critically evaluated. In short, most of them rely on applying conventional transducers, e.g., screen-printed electrode, to ensure reliability of the assay, and additional advances are afforded by the beneficial features of nanomaterials. It is predicted that these will be further implemented in EC-LFAs as high-performance transducers. Considering the low cost of point-of-care devices, it becomes even more important to also identify strategies that efficiently integrate nanomaterials into EC-LFAs in a high-throughput manner while maintaining their favorable analytical performance.
The role of somatosensation in automatic visuo-motor control: a comparison of congenital and acquired sensory loss
Authors: Miall R. Chris , Afanasyeva Daria , Cole Jonathan D. , Mason Peggy 
Published: April 2021

AbstractStudies of chronically deafferented participants have illuminated how regaining some motor control after adult-onset loss of proprioceptive and touch input depends heavily on cognitive control. In this study we contrasted the performance of one such man, IW, with KS, a woman born without any somatosensory fibres. We postulated that her life-long absence of proprioception and touch might have allowed her to automate some simple visually-guided actions, something IW appears unable to achieve. We tested these two, and two age-matched control groups, on writing and drawing tasks performed with and without an audio-verbal echoing task that added a cognitive demand. In common with other studies of skilled action, the dual task was shown to affect visuo-motor performance in controls, with less well-controlled drawing and writing, evident as increases in path speed and reduction in curvature and trial duration. We found little evidence that IW was able to automate even the simplest drawing tasks and no evidence for automaticity in his writing. In contrast, KS showed a selective increase in speed of signature writing under the dual-task conditions, suggesting some ability to automate her most familiar writing. We also tested tracing of templates under mirror-reversed conditions, a task that imposes a powerful cognitive planning challenge. Both IW and KS showed evidence of a visuo-motor planning conflict, as did the controls, for shapes with sharp corners. Overall, IW was much faster than his controls to complete tracing shapes, consistent with an absence of visuo-proprioceptive conflict, whereas KS was slower than her controls, especially as the corners became sharper. She dramatically improved after a short period of practice while IW did not. We conclude that KS, who developed from birth without proprioception, may have some visually derived control of movement not under cognitive control, something not seen in IW. This allowed her to automate some writing and drawing actions, but impaired her initial attempts at mirror-tracing. In contrast, IW, who lost somatosensation as an adult, cannot automate these visually guided actions.
Identification of hippocampal cortical microinfarcts on postmortem 3-T magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Scheffler Max , Salomir Rares , Maturana Enrique , Montandon Marie-Louise , Kövari Enikö V. , Haller Sven 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCortical microinfarcts (CMI) are increasingly recognized in the neurological community as a biomarker related to cognitive impairment and dementia. If their radiological depiction has been largely described in experimental settings using ultra-high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), less is known about their visibility on routinely used 3-T MRI. In this radiologic-pathologic correlation study, using 3-T post-mortem MRI, we searched for hippocampal CMI, in a double-blinded fashion, and found that only 4/36, or 11%, were clearly demonstrated on both radiological and histopathological exams.
IL-7 coupled with IL-12 increases intratumoral T cell clonality, leading to complete regression of non-immunogenic tumors
Authors: Tasaki Mamoru , Yamashita Midori , Arai Yukinori , Nakamura Takafumi , Nakao Shinsuke 
Published: April 2021

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors against PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4 have altered the treatment paradigm for various types of cancers in the past decade. However, they offer clinical benefits to only a subset of patients. Evaluation and identification of an appropriate therapeutic approach to improve intratumoral immune status are needed for better treatment outcomes. We previously demonstrated that intratumoral expression of IL-7 and IL-12 increased tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in poorly immunogenic tumors, resulting in a higher tumor regression rate than IL-12 alone. However, the mechanism underlying the difference in efficacy with and without IL-7 remains unclear. Here, we identified a previously unknown effect of IL-7 on the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire of intratumoral CD8+T cells, which is induced in the presence of IL-12. While IL-7 alone increased the diversity of intratumoral CD8+T cells, IL-7 with IL-12 increased a limited number of high-frequency clones, conversely augmenting IL-12 function to increase the clonality. The proportion of mice with multiple high-frequency clones in tumors correlated with that achieving complete tumor regression in efficacy studies. These findings provide a scientific rationale for combining IL-7 and IL-12 in anticancer immunotherapy and unveil a novel IL-7 function on intratumoral TCR repertoire.