bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving 3D-3D facial registration methods: potential role of three-dimensional models in personal identification of the living
Authors: Gibelli Daniele , Palamenghi Andrea , Poppa Pasquale , Sforza Chiarella , Cattaneo Cristina , De Angelis Danilo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPersonal identification of the living from video surveillance systems usually involves 2D images. However, the potentiality of three-dimensional facial models in gaining personal identification through 3D-3D comparison still needs to be verified. This study aims at testing the reliability of a protocol for 3D-3D registration of facial models, potentially useful for personal identification. Fifty male subjects aged between 18 and 45 years were randomly chosen from a database of 3D facial models acquired through stereophotogrammetry. For each subject, two acquisitions were available; the 3D models of faces were then registered onto other models belonging to the same and different individuals according to the least point-to-point distance on the entire facial surface, for a total of 50 matches and 50 mismatches. RMS value (root mean square) of point-to-point distance between the two models was then calculated through the VAM® software. Intra- and inter-observer errors were assessed through calculation of relative technical error of measurement (rTEM). Possible statistically significant differences between matches and mismatches were assessed through Mann–Whitney test (p < 0.05). Both for intra- and inter-observer repeatability rTEM was between 2.2 and 5.2%. Average RMS point-to-point distance was 0.50 ± 0.28 mm in matches, 2.62 ± 0.56 mm in mismatches (p < 0.01). An RMS threshold of 1.50 mm could distinguish matches and mismatches in 100% of cases. This study provides an improvement to existing 3D-3D superimposition methods and confirms the great advantages which may derive to personal identification of the living from 3D facial analysis.
Das Emissionsverhalten von bromierten Flammschutzmitteln aus Kunststoffen von IT-Geräten in unterschiedlichen Nutzungs- und Deponierungssimulationen
Authors: Hawlik P. , Jandric A. , Zafiu C. , Huber-Humer M. , Salhofer S. 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungBromierte Flammschutzmittel (engl. brominated flame retardants, kurz BFR) werden häufig in Kunststoffen von Elektrogeräten eingesetzt, um mögliche Brände durch elektrische Kurzschlüsse zu verhindern. Da einige BFRs persistent, human- und ökotoxisch sind, wurde deren Anwendung in Produkten eingeschränkt. Mehrere Studien zeigen, dass in vielen Elektroaltgeräten hohe Mengen an BFRs eingesetzt wurden, da unbedenklichere Alternativen kaum existierten. Häufig handelt es sich dabei um Elektrogeräte, die vor der Beschränkung der BFRs hergestellt und erst mehrere Jahre später entsorgt wurden. BFRs werden in thermoplastischen Kunststoffen häufig als Additiv eingesetzt, das sich leicht auslaugen lässt und dadurch in die Umwelt gelangen kann. Solche Auslaugungen können sowohl während der Nutzungsphase als auch bei der weiteren Behandlung im abfallwirtschaftlichen System und global betrachtet unter anderem bei unsachgemäßer Ablagerung in Deponien stattfinden.In dieser Studie haben wir die Auslaugung von bromhaltigen Kunststoffen aus Elektrogeräten für unterschiedliche Szenarien (Nutzungsphase, Deponierung) untersucht. Um die Emission von BFRs während der Nutzungsphase zu simulieren, wurden Lösungen verwendet, die Schweiß nachempfunden sind. Als End-of-Life-Szenario wurde auch das Auslaugverhalten bei simulierten Deponiebedingungen untersucht. Die verschiedenen Modelllösungen zeigten unterschiedliche Ergebnisse bei der Auslaugung, wobei die Kunstschweißlösung den stärksten und Methanol (Deponieszenario) keinen Effekt aufwies. Die Temperatur zeigte keinen Einfluss auf das Auslaugverhalten.
Illness unpredictability and psychosocial adjustment of adolescent and young adults impacted by parental cancer: the mediating role of unmet needs
Authors: Landi Giulia , Duzen Aylin , Patterson Pandora , McDonald Fiona E. J. , Crocetti Elisabetta , Grandi Silvana , Tossani Eliana 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Given the large number of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) impacted by parental cancer and the potential for negative psychosocial outcomes in this vulnerable population, this study examined the mediating role of offspring unmet needs with regard to parental cancer and the relation between AYAs psychosocial adjustment and perceived illness unpredictability.

Methods
A total of 113 AYAs (aged 11–24 years) living with a parent diagnosed with cancer completed a questionnaire assessing illness unpredictability, offspring unmet needs, and psychosocial adjustment (i.e., health-related quality of life and internalizing problems).

Results
Higher offspring unmet needs were associated with lower health-related quality of life (r = –0.24**) and higher internalizing problems (r = 0.21*). Offspring unmet needs mediated the relation between illness unpredictability and health-related quality of life (standardized indirect effect = –0.100* [–0.183, –0.018]) but not internalizing problems (standardized indirect effect = 0.067 [–0.015, 0.148]). In particular, higher illness unpredictability was related to higher unmet needs (β = 0.351**) which, in turn, predicted lower health-related quality of life (β = –0.286**).

Conclusion
These findings identify offspring unmet needs and illness unpredictability as implicated in AYAs positive psychosocial adjustment to parental cancer. Given that AYAs are at greater risk of elevated psychosocial difficulties, interventions should target offspring unmet needs and perception of illness unpredictability to mitigate the adverse effects of parental cancer.
Relevance of comorbidities and antithrombotic medication as risk factors for reoperation in patients with chronic subdural hematoma
Authors: Younsi Alexander , Riemann Lennart , Habel Cleo , Fischer Jessica , Beynon Christopher , Unterberg Andreas W. , Zweckberger Klaus 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn an aging Western society, the incidence of chronic subdural hematomas (cSDH) is continuously increasing. In this study, we reviewed our clinical management of cSDH patients and identified predictive factors for the need of reoperation due to residual or recurrent hematomas with a focus on the use of antithrombotic drugs. In total, 623 patients who were treated for cSDH with surgical evacuation between 2006 and 2016 at our department were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical and radiological characteristics and laboratory parameters were investigated as possible predictors of reoperation with univariate and multivariate analyses. Additionally, clinical outcome measures were compared between patients on anticoagulants, on antiplatelets, and without antithrombotic medication. In univariate analyses, patients on anticoagulants and antiplatelets presented significantly more often with comorbidities, were significantly older, and their risk for perioperative complications was significantly increased. Nevertheless, their clinical outcome was comparable to that of patients without antithrombotics. In multivariate analysis, only the presence of comorbidities, but not antithrombotics, was an independent predictor for the need for reoperations. Patients on antithrombotics do not seem to necessarily have a significantly increased risk for residual hematomas or rebleeding requiring reoperation after cSDH evacuation. More precisely, the presence of predisposing comorbidities might be a key independent risk factor for reoperation. Importantly, the clinical outcomes after surgical evacuation of cSDH are comparable between patients on anticoagulants, antiplatelets, and without antithrombotics.
On coalitional manipulation for multiwinner elections: shortlisting
Authors: Bredereck Robert , Kaczmarczyk Andrzej , Niedermeier Rolf 
Published: July 2021

AbstractShortlisting of candidates—selecting a group of “best” candidates—is a special case of multiwinner elections. We provide the first in-depth study of the computational complexity of strategic voting for shortlisting based on the perhaps most basic voting rule in this scenario,$$\ell $$ℓ-Bloc (every voter approves$$\ell $$ℓ candidates). In particular, we investigate the influence of several different group evaluation functions (e.g., egalitarian versus utilitarian) and tie-breaking mechanisms modeling pessimistic and optimistic manipulators. Among other things, we conclude that in an egalitarian setting strategic voting may indeed be computationally intractable regardless of the tie-breaking rule. Altogether, we provide a fairly comprehensive picture of the computational complexity landscape of this scenario.
Combining the best of two methodological worlds? Integrating Q methodology-based farmer archetypes in a quantitative model of agri-environmental scheme uptake
Authors: Leonhardt Heidi , Braito Michael , Uehleke Reinhard 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIncreasing farmers’ acceptance and adoption of environmentally beneficial farming practices is essential for mitigating negative impacts of agriculture. To support adoption through policy, it is necessary to understand which types of farms or farmers do or do not (yet) apply such practices. However, farmers are not a homogeneous group and their behavior is subject to a complex array of structural, socioeconomic, and socio-psychological influences. Reducing this complexity, farmer typologies or archetypes are useful tools for understanding differing motivations for the uptake of sustainable farming practices. Previous investigations of the role of farmer archetypes in the adoption of such practices rely on either purely qualitative or purely quantitative methods in data collection, typology creation, and hypothesis testing. Our study combines both approaches by classifying survey respondents into farmer types based on a previous Q methodological study. We then use these types in a two-part regression model that aims to explain participation in agri-environmental schemes (AES) and the level of scheme participation. To control for farm structural factors, we additionally link our questionnaire data to secondary data from the farm accountancy data network. Results indicate that in Austria, AES are attractive to all types of farmers, but the level of participation (AES income per hectare) in these schemes differs between archetypes: Profitability-oriented farmers participate less, and nature-oriented farmers participate more than other types. This suggests that monetary compensations for sustainable farming practices are not perceived as sufficient by certain groups of farmers, and policy makers need to consider additional kinds of incentives.
Using proposed optimization algorithm for solving inverse kinematics of human upper limb applying in rehabilitation robotic
Authors: Nguyen Trung , Bui Tam , Pham Ha 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe requirement to solve the problem of Inverse Kinetics (IK) plays a very important role in the robotics field in general, and especially in the field of rehabilitation robots, in particular. If the solutions of this problem are not suitable, it can cause undesirable damage to the patient when exercising. Normally, the problem of Inverse Kinematics in the robotics field, as well as the natural field, especially for redundant driven systems, often requires the application of a lot of techniques. The redundancy in Degree of Freedom (DoF), the nonlinearity of the system leads to solve inverse kinematics problem more challenge. In this study, we proposed to apply the self-adaptive control parameters in Differential Evolution with search space improvement (Pro-ISADE) to solve the problem for the human upper limb, which is a very typical redundancy model in nature. First of all, the angles of the joints were measured by a proposed Exoskeleton type Human Motion Capture System (E-HMCS) when the wearer performs some Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and athletic activities. The values of these measured angles joints then were put into the forward kinematics model to find the end effector trajectories. After having these orbits, they were re-fed into the proposed Pro-ISADE algorithm mentioned above to process the IK problem and obtain the predicted joints angular values. The experimental results showed that the predicted joints’ values closely follow the measured joints’ values. That demonstrates the ability to apply the Pro-ISADE algorithm to solve the problem of Inverse Kinetics of the human upper limb as well as the upper limb rehabilitation robot arm.
Leading cancers contributing to educational disparities in cancer mortality in the US, 2017
Authors: Withrow Diana R. , Freedman Neal D. , Gibson James T. , Yu Mandi , Nápoles Anna M. , Berrington de González Amy , Shiels Meredith S. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To inform prevention efforts, we sought to determine which cancer types contribute the most to cancer mortality disparities by individual-level education using national death certificate data for 2017.

Methods
Information on all US deaths occurring in 2017 among 25–84-year-olds was ascertained from national death certificate data, which include cause of death and educational attainment. Education was classified as high school or less (≤ 12 years), some college or diploma (13–15 years), and Bachelor's degree or higher (≥ 16 years). Cancer mortality rate differences (RD) were calculated by subtracting age-adjusted mortality rates (AMR) among those with ≥ 16 years of education from AMR among those with ≤ 12 years.

Results
The cancer mortality rate difference between those with a Bachelor's degree or more vs. high school or less education was 72 deaths per 100,000 person-years. Lung cancer deaths account for over half (53%) of the RD for cancer mortality by education in the US.

Conclusion
Efforts to reduce smoking, particularly among persons with less education, would contribute substantially to reducing educational disparities in lung cancer and overall cancer mortality.
Discordance in the diagnostic assessment of vulnerable plaques between radiofrequency intravascular ultrasound versus optical coherence tomography among patients with acute myocardial infarction: insights from the IBIS-4 study
Authors: Ueki Yasushi , Yamaji Kyohei , Losdat Sylvain , Karagiannis Alexios , Taniwaki Masanori , Roffi Marco , Otsuka Tatsuhiko , Koskinas Konstantinos C. , Holmvang Lene , Maldonado Rafaela , Pedrazzini Giovanni , Radu Maria D. , Dijkstra Jouke , Windecker Stephan , Garcia-Garcia Hector M. , Räber Lorenz 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe aimed to evaluate the diagnostic agreement between radiofrequency (RF) intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) for thin-cap fibroatheroma (TCFA) in non-infarct-related coronary arteries (non-IRA) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). In the Integrated Biomarker Imaging Study (IBIS-4), 103 STEMI patients underwent OCT and RF-IVUS imaging of non-IRA after successful primary percutaneous coronary intervention and at 13-month follow-up. A coronary lesion was defined as a segment with ≥ 3 consecutive frames (≈1.2 mm) with plaque burden ≥ 40% as assessed by grayscale IVUS. RF-IVUS-derived TCFA was defined as a lesion with > 10% confluent necrotic core abutting to the lumen in > 10% of the circumference. OCT-TCFA was defined by a minimum cap thickness < 65 μm. The two modalities were matched based on anatomical landmarks using a dedicated matching software. Using grayscale IVUS, we identified 276 lesions at baseline (N = 146) and follow-up (N = 130). Using RF-IVUS, 208 lesions (75.4%) were classified as TCFA. Among them, OCT identified 14 (6.7%) TCFA, 60 (28.8%) thick-cap fibroatheroma (ThCFA), and 134 (64.4%) non-fibroatheroma. All OCT-TCFA (n = 14) were confirmed as RF-TCFA. The concordance rate between RF-IVUS and OCT for TCFA diagnosis was 29.7%. The reasons for discordance were: OCT-ThCFA (25.8%); OCT-fibrous plaque (34.0%); attenuation due to calcium (23.2%); attenuation due to macrophage (10.3%); no significant attenuation (6.7%). There was a notable discordance in the diagnostic assessment of TCFA between RF-IVUS and OCT. The majority of RF-derived TCFA were not categorized as fibroatheroma using OCT, while all OCT-TCFA were classified as TCFA by RF-IVUS.ClinicalTrials.gov IdentifierNCT00962416.
Proton Pump Inhibitor and Clopidogrel Use After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Risk of Major Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Maret-Ouda John , Santoni Giola , Xie Shaohua , Rosengren Annika , Lagergren Jesper 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Due to shared hepatic metabolism, concomitant medication with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and clopidogrel might reduce the effectiveness of clopidogrel in the prevention of cardiovascular events after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We aimed to examine the risk of major cardiovascular events after PCI comparing patients who used clopidogrel together with PPI with those who used clopidogrel alone.

Methods
This Swedish nationwide cohort study included patients who received clopidogrel after primary PCI in 2005–2019. Patients were followed for up to 12 months after PCI. Data were retrieved from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Registry, Patient Registry, Cancer Registry, and Cause of Death Registry. Multivariable Cox regression provided hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for cardiovascular events comparing PPI users (exposed) with non-users of PPI (non-exposed). The HRs were adjusted for sex, age, comorbidity, calendar period, obesity, diabetes, anti-diabetic medication, tobacco-related diseases, hypertension, and congestive heart failure.

Results
The cohort included 99,836 patients who received clopidogrel after primary PCI. Among these, 35,772 (35.8%) received concomitant PPI. Compared to non-users, PPI users had increased adjusted HRs of all study outcomes, i.e., the main outcome myocardial infarction (HR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.15–1.32) and the secondary outcomes coronary heart disease (HR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.24–1.33), stroke (HR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.05–1.40), and death due to coronary heart disease (HR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.37–1.69). The results were similar in analyses including both primary and secondary PCIs.

Conclusions
In patients who receive clopidogrel after PCI, concomitant use of PPI seems to increase the risk of major cardiovascular events.
Reduction and regularization of the Kepler problem
Authors: Meer J. C. van der 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe KS regularization connects the dynamics of the harmonic oscillator to the dynamics of bounded Kepler orbits. Using orbit space reduction, it can be shown that reduced harmonic oscillator orbits can be identified with re-parametrized Kepler orbits by factorizing the KS map as reduction mapping followed by a chart on the reduced phase space. In this note, we will show that also other regularization maps can be obtained this way. In particular, we will show how Moser’s regularization and Ligon–Schaaf regularization are related to KS-regularization. All regularizations are a result of choosing the right invariants to represent the reduced phase space, which is isomorphic to$$T^+S^3$$T+S3, and a chart on this reduced phase space. We show how this opens the way to directly reduce the KS transformed Kepler system and find other regularization maps that are valid for all values of the Keplerian energy similar to Ligon–Schaaf regularization.
A-posteriori reduced basis error-estimates for a semi-discrete in space quasilinear parabolic PDE
Authors: Hoppe Fabian , Neitzel Ira 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe prove a-posteriori error-estimates for reduced-order modeling of quasilinear parabolic PDEs with non-monotone nonlinearity. We consider the solution of a semi-discrete in space equation as reference, and therefore incorporate reduced basis-, empirical interpolation-, and time-discretization-errors in our consideration. Numerical experiments illustrate our results.
AI lifecycle models need to be revised
Authors: Haakman Mark , Cruz Luís , Huijgens Hennie , van Deursen Arie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTech-leading organizations are embracing the forthcoming artificial intelligence revolution. Intelligent systems are replacing and cooperating with traditional software components. Thus, the same development processes and standards in software engineering ought to be complied in artificial intelligence systems. This study aims to understand the processes by which artificial intelligence-based systems are developed and how state-of-the-art lifecycle models fit the current needs of the industry. We conducted an exploratory case study at ING, a global bank with a strong European base. We interviewed 17 people with different roles and from different departments within the organization. We have found that the following stages have been overlooked by previous lifecycle models: data collection, feasibility study, documentation, model monitoring, and model risk assessment. Our work shows that the real challenges of applying Machine Learning go much beyond sophisticated learning algorithms – more focus is needed on the entire lifecycle. In particular, regardless of the existing development tools for Machine Learning, we observe that they are still not meeting the particularities of this field.
Does Re-Partnering Behavior Spread Among Former Spouses?
Authors: Buyukkececi Zafer 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study focused on individuals’ re-partnering behavior following a divorce and asked whether divorcees influence each other’s new union formation. By exploiting the System of Social statistical Datasets (SSD) of Statistics Netherlands, I identified divorced dyads and examined interdependencies in their re-partnering behavior. Discrete-time event history models accounting for shared characteristics of divorcees that are likely to influence their divorce and re-partnering behavior simultaneously were estimated. Findings showed that the probability of re-partnering increased within the first two years following a former spouse’s new union formation. Further analyses focusing on formerly cohabiting couples rather than divorcees also revealed significant associations in re-partnering behavior. Following a former romantic partner’s new union formation, women were exposed to risk longer than men, due to men’s quicker re-partnering. These results were robust to the falsification tests. Overall, findings indicate that the consequences of a divorce or breakup are not limited to the incidence itself and former romantic partners remain important in each other’s life courses even after a breakup. With the increasing number of divorcees and changing family structures, it is important to consider former spouses as active network partners that may influence individual life courses.
MVMOO: Mixed variable multi-objective optimisation
Authors: Manson Jamie A. , Chamberlain Thomas W. , Bourne Richard A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn many real-world problems there is often the requirement to optimise multiple conflicting objectives in an efficient manner. In such problems there can be the requirement to optimise a mixture of continuous and discrete variables. Herein, we propose a new multi-objective algorithm capable of optimising both continuous and discrete bounded variables in an efficient manner. The algorithm utilises Gaussian processes as surrogates in combination with a novel distance metric based upon Gower similarity. The MVMOO algorithm was compared to an existing mixed variable implementation of NSGA-II and random sampling for three test problems. MVMOO shows competitive performance on all proposed problems with efficient data acquisition and approximation of the Pareto fronts for the selected test problems.