bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coffee Consumption and Risk of Lung Cancer in the NIH‐AARP Diet and Health Study
Authors: Guertin Kristin , Freedman Neal , Loftfield Erikka , Graubard Barry , Caporaso Neil , Sinha Rashmi 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundCoffee drinkers had higher risk of lung cancer in some previous studies, however as heavy coffee drinkers tend to be cigarette smokers, such findings could be confounded. Therefore, we examined this association in the nearly half‐a‐million participants of the US NIH‐AARP Diet and Health Study.MethodsTypical coffee intake and smoking history were queried at baseline. During 4,155,256 person‐years of follow‐up, more than 9000 incident lung cancer cases occurred. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate hazard ratios and 95% CIs for coffee intake and risk of subsequent lung cancer. We also comprehensively adjusted for tobacco smoking and examined associations by detailed strata of tobacco use.ResultsCoffee drinkers were far more likely to smoke than non‐drinkers. Although coffee drinking was associated with lung cancer in age‐ and sex‐ adjusted models (蠅6 cups/day: 4.56, 4.08‐5.10), this association was substantially attenuated after adjusting for smoking (1.27, 1.14‐1.42). Similar findings were found for each different histologic type of lung cancer and for participants drinking predominantly caffeinated or decaffeinated coffee. Little evidence for an association was observed in our stratified analyses, either within never smokers or most categories of tobacco use.ConclusionsAlthough we cannot exclude a modest positive association between coffee drinking and lung cancer, our results do not provide evidence for a strong association.
Hypohydration and Vascular Atherosclerosis
Authors: Bougatsas Dimitris , Kavouras Stavros , Georgousopoulou Ekavi , Manolopoulou Katerina , Panagiotakos Demosthenes 
Published: June 2021

Background and objectivesIt has been hypothesized that chronic hypohydration may be associated with vascular stiffness and atherosclerosis mainly driven by increased arginine‐vasopressin, aldosterone, and angiotensin II, however, no study has addressed the issue in humans.MethodsDuring 2011‐2012, 433 men and women (age: 54±10 y, 227; 52% men) were voluntarily enrolled from the general population. Socio‐demographic factors, medical history, physical activity (international physical activity questionnaire) and smoking, were recorded through a face‐to‐face interview. Participants also provided first morning urine sample, analyzed for urine osmolality (Uosm) and completed a validated food frequency questionnaire.Carotid artery Intimal‐Medial‐Thickness (IMT) through ultrasound was also measured by trained cardiologists.ResultsMean IMT was found 0.83±0.32 mm, urine osmolality was: 642±230 mmol/kg and total fluid Intake from beverages was 2,544±884 mL.Multivariable linear regression analysis revealed an independent association between urine osmolality and IMT (B‐coef: 0.0009 and p=0.009), after adjusting for several confounding variables such as age, sex, BMI,fluid intake (from beverages), smoking habits and family history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia. The aforementioned model explained 61.6% of IMT's variability while model's significance was p= 0.06.ConclusionsThe data indicated that hydration status is associated with atherosclerosis.
Pregnancy Weight Management among Women's Health Providers: Knowledge, Perceptions and Practices
Authors: Earl Shannon , Giles Lisa , Palmer Wendy , Welsh Jean 
Published: June 2021

Background and ObjectiveConcerns about delivery complications, birth outcomes, and child growth patterns have risen with the increasing prevalence of obesity among pregnant women. The purpose of this study was to assess weight‐related counseling knowledge and practices among a sample of currently practicing women's health providers (WHPs) with a goal of identifying potential areas of opportunity for strengthening and supporting their efforts.MethodsA self‐administered survey to assess current knowledge, perceptions, and practices was completed by a convenience sample of 86 WHPs (36 OB/GYNs, 11 Midwives/NPs, and 39 registered nurses).ResultsAmong the WHP's surveyed to date, 58%(%) reported that they discussed weight gain recommendations with women during their initial prenatal visit. Approximately one‐half (46%) reported that they assess patients' diet and physical activity (PA) habits, 33% help them set nutrition and PA goals and 29% document them in the chart. Most (65%) reported that they have never completed coursework or continuing education on either: nutrition, PA, or weight management; motivational interviewing; or behavior change. Less than half (46%) knew the IOM weight gain guideline for obese pregnant women. The top barrier cited by WHPs to their evaluating and/or effectively managing their patients' nutrition, PA, and weight was not having enough time (62.7%); 45% reported lack of training as one of their top two barriers.ConclusionsThese results suggest that while many WHPs provide weight‐related counseling during pregnancy, evidence‐based best practices are not consistently being used. Many WHPs appear to lack critical training needed to provide effective weight management counseling and care.
Dietary Habit and Nutrition Knowledge of High School Students in Incheon Area
Authors: Kim Young A , Ko Ara 
Published: June 2021

This study was conducted to provide basic information to design nutrition education materials to establish growing students' dietary habit. 651 high school students(320 boys and 331 girls) were cross‐sectional surveyed in the region of Incheon, one of 5 major cities in Korea.According to their nutrition knowledge test, the students were categorized into 3 groups, 27% of 'high', 32% of 'middle' and 41% of 'low', while 55% of entire students had experienced nutrition education program. The degree of Nutrition knowledge was proven higher among the boys (boys 11.14 point, girls 10.25 point) and the students who experienced nutrition education program (11.17 vs. 10.10).80% of students had regular meal‐time pattern and 75% of students had breakfast regularly. The ratio of students with unbalanced eating habit was 42%. And for all of these 3 factors, there were meaningful difference between the students experienced nutrition education program and the rest. The students experienced the program had shown higher ratio to have regular meal‐time pattern, to have regular breakfast, to have balanced eating habit. Also they fulfilled better dietary lifestyle then the rest.Most of the students agreed with the essentiality of nutrition education and they preferred an active program including cooking practice by professional nutrition teacher.Therefore, the correlation between nutrition education and students' dietary life was proven and continuous nutrition education programs for growing students are required to enhance their dietary life.
Personalized Prevention of Colorectal Cancer Trial
Authors: Zhu Xiangzhu , Yu Chang , Shrubsole Martha , Deng Xinqing , Shubin Eugene , Engle Jennifer , Zheng Wei , Murff Harvey , Seidner Douglas , Ness Reid , Dai Qi 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundOur findings indicate that the intake ratio of calcium (Ca) to magnesium (Mg) modifies the relationship between Ca intake and colorectal adenoma risk; high Ca is only related to reduced risk among those with a low Ca/Mg ratio. Furthermore, the Ca/Mg ratio significantly interacts with the rs8042919 polymorphism in TRPM7 gene which is involved in Mg and Ca re(absorption) and homeostasis. Compared to GG, carrying an A allele increases adenoma risk > 60% (>345% for AA) if the Ca/Mg intake ratio >2.8.ObjectivesTo test whether 1) reducing the Ca/Mg through Mg supplementation affects biomarkers related to colorectal carcinogenesis in rectal tissues; 2) the effect differs by the Thr1482Ile polymorphism.MethodsPersonalized Prevention of Colorectal Cancer Trial (R01CA149633) is an ongoing double‐blind placebo‐controlled randomized trial of Mg supplementation including 288 subjects with high baseline Ca/Mg ratio and at high risk of colorectal cancer. The uniqueness of the trial includes 1) nutritional screening to target subjects with a high Ca/Mg ratio; 2) personalized Mg doses based on and used to reduce the current Ca/Mg ratio; 3) randomization by the TRPM7 genotype.ResultsAs of Nov 2014, 191 subjects are enrolled. For 40 subjects, immunohistochemical assays for carcinogenesis biomarkers, including apoptosis, cell proliferation, COX2 and TRPM7, in normal rectal tissues collected at baseline and the end of the intervention are completed. Other assays include lipid profile, DNA methylation, and microbiome. There are some promising preliminary findings which we will update in the presentation.ConclusionsThe results may ultimately help to develop personalized strategies to prevent colorectal cancer.
Use of Specific Carbohydrate Diet in a Severe Case of Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Nirmalraj Maya , Khandalavala Birgit 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThe Specific Carbohydrate Diet (SCD) was developed and tested by Dr. Haas and Elaine Gottschall. Allowed foods are based on the carbohydrates' molecular structure. Monosaccharides have a single structure making them simple for intestines to absorb. Disaccharides and polysaccharides are not easily absorbed and cause inflammation. Studies are limited.Case report: 73‐year‐old female of Asian origin with a 15 year history of controlled Ulcerative Colitis underwent hospitalizations and IV antibiotic therapy when condition became severe and extensive. Endoscopies revealed complete involvement of large and small bowel. Patient underwent evaluation at various facilities and continued to have a lowered quality of life. Patient elected to pursue the SCD.Clinical course: Following this highly restricted diet, within a period of 6 months patient noticed substantial improvement and remained adherent. Repeat colonoscopy showed complete healing. Patient developed diverticulitis, with no evidence of inflammation. She continued to progress, antibiotics were discontinued, no immunosuppressive medications or steroids were required. Patient notes that consumption of wheat and other non‐approved SCD foods cause flare ups and elimination of these foods results in improvement. Patient has not required hospitalization or any other therapy.ConclusionSCD has been used anecdotally for Ulcerative Colitis, however evidence of effectiveness has not been conclusive. We report complete healing of Ulcerative Colitis in a patient who had failed conventional therapies. Use of SCD in patients who are able to make sustainable changes should be considered more often.http://www.breakingtheviciouscycle.info/p/about‐the‐diet/ “>http://www.breakingtheviciouscycle.info/p/about‐the‐diet/
Associations Between Markers of Inflammation and Hemoglobin Concentration: Implications for Diagnosis of Anemia in Women of Reproductive Age
Authors: Ashour Fayrouz , Addo Yaw , Sullivan Kevin , Suchdev Parmi , Mei Zuguo , Temple Victor , Raiten Daniel , Flores‐Ayala Rafael 
Published: June 2021

Inflammation reduces Hb concentrations, increasing anemia estimates, but the magnitude of this effect in different populations is unknown. We explored associations between inflammation (defined as C‐reactive protein (CRP) > 5mg/L and/or α1–acid glycoprotein (AGP) >1g/L), Hb concentrations, and their interpretation in defining anemia (Hb <120 g/L) in women of reproductive age (WRA). Data from 10,483 non‐pregnant WRA who participated in national surveys in 8 countries were analyzed using complex survey techniques by the Biomarkers Reflecting Inflammation and Nutrition Determinants of Anemia (BRINDA) project.Anemia prevalence was 27.6%, and inflammation ranged from 7.8% to 28.9%. Hb was inversely correlated with CRP and AGP. Anemia prevalence was 2 times higher in those with elevated AGP compared to normal (POR 2.0, 95% CI: 1.7–2.3) which remained unchanged after adjustment for age and BMI. The association between inflammation and anemia based on elevated CRP was weaker, POR 1.2 (95% CI: 1.1 –1.4) but not significant in Laos, Oman or Papua New Guinea. Elevated CRP and AGP were independently associated with a higher prevalence of anemia. Approaches to account for elevated CRP and AGP in estimating anemia prevalence will be presented.Research support: BMGF, CDC, GAIN, NICHD.
Vitamin B12, Folate and Homocysteine Levels in the U.S. Urban Minority Mothers Post Delivery
Authors: Raghavan Ramkripa , Wang Guoying , Chen Zhu , Wang Xiaobin 
Published: June 2021

Mandatory folic acid fortification of grain products was implemented in the U.S. in 1998 and routine clinical recommendation on prenatal folic acid supplementation for pregnant women began as early as 1992. Yet there is a dearth of current data on folate, vitamin B12 and homocysteine (Hcy) levels in the U.S. urban minority mothers.Blood samples (obtained 2‐3 days post‐delivery) from 2,057 mothers 16‐51 y old enrolled in the Boston Birth cohort (during 1999‐2012) were analyzed for plasma folate, plasma vitamin B12 and Hcy levels. The percentage of self‐reported prenatal multi‐vitamin use during 3 month preconception, 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimester were 4.4%, 86.2%, 90.4%, and 88.5%, respectively. The plasma folate and B12 levels were significantly associated with prenatal multi‐vitamin intake in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters. Only 1.6% of the total samples had folate deficiency (<7 nmol/l) and 2.2% vitamin B12 deficiency (<150 pmol/l); but 20.8% had elevated Hcy levels (> 10 μmol/L). Consistent with the NHANES 2003‐06 data, black women had the lowest geometric mean of folate levels: 26.8 nmol/L and the highest vitamin B12 level: 282.5 pmol/L. Black women also had the highest Hcy: 7.9 μmol/L. The highest quartile of B12 was a significant predictor of elevated Hcy, after adjusting for age, race, smoking, alcohol, education and folate levels (p=0.001).This study underscores the need to improve preconception multivitamin intake and optimize B‐vitamin status in black mothers. The significantly higher percentage of elevated Hcy in black mothers (22.7%) compared to other racial/ethnic groups warrants further investigation.Research Support: In part by NICHD (R01 HD041702)
Vitamin B6 status and its relationship with polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations during pregnancy
Authors: Mujica‐Coopman Maria , Farias Dayana , Brito Alex , Allen Lindsay , Kac Gilberto , Lamers Yvonne 
Published: June 2021

RationaleSuboptimal vitamin B6 status was shown to alter polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) profiles, decreasing plasma (n‐3) and (n‐6) PUFA concentrations, in healthy men and women.AimTo assess the relationships between plasma pyridoxal 5'‐phosphate (PLP) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and arachidonic acid (AA) concentrations at different stages of pregnancy.MethodsProspective cohort study in 213 healthy pregnant women (aged 20‐40 y) followed across trimesters at 5‐13, 20‐26 and 30‐36 wk. The study was conducted in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Fasting plasma PLP (nmol/L) and serum PUFA (µg/mL) were measured by HPLC and GLC, respectively.ResultsPlasma PLP concentrations [median (IQR)] dropped from 35.8 (28.4‐43.6) in the 1st to 21.2 (16.2‐27.1) in the 2nd trimester (P<0.0001) and further decreased to 16.9 (12.8‐21.6) in the 3rd trimester (P<0.0001). Median (IQR) PUFA concentrations were 55.8 (44.0‐65.5), 70.7 (60.9‐84.7), 74.5 (63.6‐89.6) for DHA; 8.4 (6.6‐11.7), 8.4 (6.5‐12.0), 7.4 (5.2‐10.9) for EPA; and 206 (179‐245), 236 (205‐270), 237 (207‐279) for AA in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimester, respectively. Plasma PLP and DHA were correlated (P<0.05) in the 1st (ρ=0.14) and 2nd trimester (ρ=0.20); plasma PLP and EPA (ρ=0.24) and AA (ρ=0.18) were correlated in the 2nd trimester (P<0.05); no significant correlations were observed between PLP and any PUFA in the 3rd trimester.ConclusionsPlasma PLP concentrations were correlated with DHA, EPA and AA in early pregnancy.Funding: CNPq, FAPERJ, VRF‐FNH‐UBC
Antioxidant and Behavioral Effects of Canine Health Supplement in Dogs
Authors: Talbott Shawn , Chevreau Nathalie , Barnett William 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the antioxidant effects of an herbal dietary supplement blend (LifeVantage Canine Health) on markers of oxidative stress and owner perception of pet behavior.METHODSEighty dogs were followed for 60‐days in a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled prospective study. Owners were required to sign an informed consent to participate in the study. Dogs were randomized into Canine Health supplement (CH; n=40) or Placebo (P; n=40) administered once daily. CH is a chewable flavored tablet containing an antioxidant herbal blend (Milk Thistle, Bacopa, Ashwagandha, Green Tea, and Turmeric), plus fish oil and type II collagen. The matching placebo was a look/taste‐alike product without the active ingredients. Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) and Catalase were analyzed before and after supplementation. Owners completed a questionnaire assessing disability, cognition, energy level, social behavior, and skin/coat quality (Function Score; FS).RESULTSSeventy‐six dogs completed the study (Avg. 8.6 years old and 54lbs BW). Catalase was increased by 21% in CH, compared to an 11% decrease in P (32% difference between groups). TBARS was reduced 33% in CH, compared to only 24% in P (9% difference between groups). FS improved significantly in CH within 30 days, with no change in P. Cognitive function trended towards improvement in CH, while decreasing in P.CONCLUSIONSDietary supplementation of dogs for 60‐days with Canine Health resulted in a significant improvement in overall owner perception of pet behavior, as well as notable trends for an increase in catalase, a reduction in TBARs, and improved cognitive function. These results demonstrate an important wellness benefit of reducing oxidative stress in dogs.
Suppression of Cell Debris‐Stimulated Tumor Growth by Resolvin Mediated Clearance
Authors: Sulciner Megan , Mudge Dayna , Ramon Sesquile , Dalli Jesmond , Kieran Mark , Huang Sui , Serhan Charles , Panigrahy Dipak 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundCurrent clinical approaches to cancer therapy including chemotherapy, kill tumor cells to reduce tumor burden. However, this is a doubled‐edged sword. The debris of dead tumor cells acts as a source of tumor‐stimulation on the few surviving cells. Resolvins (Rvs) are endogenous lipid autacoids derived from omega‐3 fatty acids that serve as “stop signals” in inflammation. We hypothesize that resolvins may represent a novel modality in cancer treatment by pharmacologically promoting the clearance of tumor cell debris.ResultsChemotherapy‐induced tumor cell debris stimulated tumor dormancy escape. In a similar fashion but not as potently, phosphatidylserine liposomes (an apoptotic signal), stimulated tumor growth. LCMSMS analysis of tumor cell debris dramatically exhibited increased levels of pro‐inflammatory mediator prostaglandin E2. Debris stimulated tumor growth was only prevented by Rvs (at nanogram doses) in contrast to other chemotherapies, anti‐inflammatory agents including corticosteroids and NSAIDs. Rvs, unlike corticosteroids and NSAIDs, stimulated macrophage phagocytosis of cell debris and counter‐regulated pro‐inflammatory cytokines.ConclusionsOur results establish the therapeutic enhancement of endogenous resolution as a novel modality to complement current cancer treatments, which inevitably produce tumor cell debris.
Deletion of Grem1 Causes Asymmetric Renal Development in Mice
Authors: Brazil Derek , Krishnakumar Arjun , Ali Imran , O' Leary Olivia , Church Rachel , Kok Ellen , Goldschmeding Roel 
Published: June 2021

Grem1 is a BMP antagonist implicated in fibrotic disease. Increased levels of Grem1 are detected in the kidney tubules of diabetic nephropathy patients, and correlate with progressive renal disease..Grem1 was measured in 4 week old mice. Levels of Grem1 were highest in colon, brain and spleen with lower levels detected in kidney, liver, lung, stomach and skin. We generated grem1+/‐ mice on a mixed C57Bl/6J;FVBN background. Less than 5 % of viable offspring were grem1‐/‐, suggesting a significant number die at late developmental/early postnatal stage due to renal agenesis. The surviving grem1‐/‐ mice were smaller in size and weight compared to controls. Consistently, the right kidney was absent in grem1‐/‐ mice of both genders, with an enlarged left kidney evident. Glomerular density in this kidney in grem1‐/‐ mice was significantly lower than wild‐type mice (5.41 versus 9.26 gloms/mm2, p<0.001). However, the overall number of glomeruli was comparable between wild‐type and grem1‐/‐ mice, suggesting an expansion of the interstitial compartment as the cause of increased kidney size. Changes in renal function were present at 4 wk of age in grem1‐/‐ mice. Interestingly, levels of Grem2 and other BMP antagonists were altered in grem1‐/‐ kidney compared to wild‐type, suggesting compensatory changes may be occurring here.
Urinary Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Insulin Resistance in Childhood Obesity
Authors: Ramachandra Nayana , Rodriguez Luisa , Devaraj Sridevi 
Published: June 2021

Obesity is a worldwide epidemic and is increasing in children. Obesity can lead to cardiovascular complications and diabetes and is associated with increased oxidative stress. However, characterization of urinary biomarkers of oxidative stress and its correlation to biomarkers of insulin resistance has not been studied in children. Thus, the aim of this study was to correlate biomarkers of oxidative stress to biomarkers of insulin resistance in obese children compared to lean children.Following informed consent, 52 children, 28 lean and 24 obese, were recruited to this study at Texas Children's Hospital. Out of the obese subjects, 48% had metabolic syndrome as defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program.Measures of oxidative stress included 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8OHdG), 8‐Isoprostane, protein carbonyl, nitrotyrosine, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Assays were performed using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays and the coefficient of variation for all assays were <10%. Paired T‐tests were used to compute statistical significance of parametric data and Wilcoxon tests were used for non‐parametric data. Among all the biomarkers of oxidative stress, 8‐OHdG was significantly increased in the obese subjects compared to the control (P‐value <0.01) even when adjusted for BMI. There was a significant correlation of 8‐OHdG with features of the Metabolic syndrome and HOMA‐IR index.Thus, urinary 8‐hydroxyguanosine is a reliable indicator of oxidative stress in obese children and also correlates with insulin sensitivity. Since this marker is measured in urine, it affords a good non‐invasive method to detect children who are at increased cardiovascular risk.