bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simple mucinous cyst: another potential cancer precursor in the pancreas? Case report with molecular characterization and systematic review of the literature
Authors: Milanetto Anna Caterina , Tonello Alice Sabrina , Valotto Giovanni , Munari Giada , Luchini Claudio , Fassan Matteo , Pasquali Claudio 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCystic lesions of the pancreas may range from benign to precursors of pancreatic cancer. Simple mucinous cyst (SMC) is larger than 1 cm, has a gastric-type flat mucinous lining, and minimal atypia without ovarian-type stroma. We report a new case of pancreatic SMC, coupling a systematic review of the English literature mainly focused on their clinic-pathological features. We reviewed 103 cases of SMC in adults (73 women), averaging 57 (range, 26–70) years. The SMCs were located in the body-tail region of the pancreas in 60 (58%) cases, presenting as single cystic lesions in 94% of cases; 43% of patients were asymptomatic. A preoperative fine-needle aspiration of the cyst fluid detected amylase and carcinoembryonic antigen positivity in 71% and 76% of cases, respectively. Patients underwent surgery mostly for suspected malignancy; in 83% of cases, a standard pancreatic resection was performed. Mean SMC size was 4.9 (range, 1.5–12.0) cm. Mucins MUC5AC and MUC6 resulted positive in 77% and 81% of cases performed, respectively, whereas MUC2 was negative in all but one patient. The SMC from our institution was characterized by a KRAS somatic mutation. The diagnosis of SMC should be considered when a solitary pancreatic cyst larger than 1 cm is detected in asymptomatic patients. To establish a correct diagnosis, an extensive histologic/immunohistochemical analysis is essential. The presence of a KRAS mutation highlights that SMC may represent another potential pancreatic cancer precursor.
Multiple Sklerose: Infektionsprophylaxe und Impfungen
Authors: Seifert-Held Thomas 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungHochwirksame krankheitsmodifizierende Therapien der multiplen Sklerose sind mit einem allgemein höheren Risiko für Infektionserkrankungen verbunden. Darüber hinaus bestehen substanzspezifische Risiken. Unter Anti-CD20-Therapien ist die Reaktivierung einer Hepatitis-B-Infektion möglich. Die Reaktivierung einer Tuberkulose ist vor der Anwendung von Teriflunomid, Cladribin und Alemtuzumab zu berücksichtigen. Zur Risikostratifizierung des Auftretens einer progressiven multifokalen Leukenzephalopathie unter Therapie mit Natalizumab ist der Anti-JCV-Antikörperindex etabliert. Eine Vorbeugung von Varizella-zoster-Virus- (VZV-)Infektionen ist für eine Therapie mit Fingolimod, Cladribin und Alemtuzumab erforderlich. Vor Beginn einer hochwirksamen krankheitsmodifizierenden Therapie sollen ausständige Impfungen verabreicht werden, dabei müssen Lebendimpfungen, wie z. B. gegen VZV, mindestens 4 Wochen vor Therapiebeginn appliziert werden. Unter Therapie können nur Totimpfstoffe verwendet werden, deren Impferfolg reduziert ist. In der aktuellen COVID-19-Pandemie gehören Patient(inn)en mit hochwirksamen krankheitsmodifizierenden Therapien zur Risikogruppe. Die aktuell (Stand Januar 2021) gegen SARS-CoV‑2 zugelassenen Impfstoffe sind unter diesen Therapien anwendbar.
Teaching and learning in a multilingual Europe: findings from a cross-European study
Authors: Dockrell J. E. , Papadopoulos T. C. , Mifsud C. L. , Bourke L. , Vilageliu O. , Bešić E. , Seifert S. , Gasteiger-Klicpera B. , Ralli A. , Dimakos I. , Karpava S. , Martins M. , Sousa O. , Castro S. , Søndergaard Knudsen H. B. , Donau P. , Haznedar B. , Mikulajová M. , Gerdzhikova N. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSchool classrooms within the EU are multilingual learning environments. The diversity of pupils in classrooms raises significant challenges for teachers, but to date, there are no data from large-scale surveys that compare views within and across European countries. A bespoke questionnaire was designed to examine views of current classroom learning environments with respect to the multilingualism. The questionnaire was piloted and subsequently completed by 2792 teachers across different European countries. Eleven countries provided sufficient data for analyses. Results from structural equation modelling showed that teachers’ attitudes could be reliably measured across Europe with the use of carefully devised questionnaire, whose loading and factor structure remained invariant across countries. Teachers’ views about multilingualism were most challenged by the numbers of children in their classes, not the percentage of multilingual pupils in the class. Countries differed in how they perceived multilingualism, with their differences leading to distinctive country clusters. Gender and education level (elementary vs. secondary) differences were also observed irrespective of country. These findings enhance our understanding of the role that the characteristics of teachers and their classrooms play in a multilingual setting across diverse European settings. The practical relevance of the results and new opportunities for teacher training are discussed.
A future perspective of historical contributions to climate change
Authors: Skeie Ragnhild B. , Peters Glen P. , Fuglestvedt Jan , Andrew Robbie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCountries’ historical contributions to climate change have been on the agenda for more than two decades and will most likely continue to be an element in future international discussions and negotiations on climate. Previous studies have quantified the historical contributions to climate change across a range of choices and assumptions. In contrast, we quantify how historical contributions to changes in global mean surface temperature (GMST) may change in the future for a broad set of choices using the quantification of the shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). We calculate the contributions for five coarse geographical regions used in the SSPs. Historical emissions of long-lived gases remain important for future contributions to warming, due to their accumulation and the inertia of climate system, and historical emissions are even more important for strong mitigation scenarios. When only accounting for future emissions, from 2015 to 2100, there is surprisingly little variation in the regional contributions to GMST change between the different SSPs and different mitigation targets. The largest variability in the regional future contributions is found across the different integrated assessment models (IAMs). This suggests the characteristics of the IAMs are more important for calculated future historical contributions than variations across SSP or forcing target.
Qualitative counting closed geodesics
Authors: Karlhofer Bastien , Kędra Jarek , Marcinkowski Michał , Trost Alexander 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe investigate the geometry of word metrics on fundamental groups of manifolds associated with the generating sets consisting of elements represented by closed geodesics. We ask whether the diameter of such a metric is finite or infinite. The first answer we interpret as an abundance of closed geodesics, while the second one as their scarcity. We discuss examples for both cases.
Multiple Attack to Inflorescences of an Annual Plant Does Not Interfere with the Attraction of Parasitoids and Pollinators
Authors: Chrétien Lucille T. S. , van der Heide Hessel , Greenberg Liana O. , Giron David , Dicke Marcel , Lucas-Barbosa Dani 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPlants in the flowering stage need to ensure reproduction by protecting themselves from attack and by preserving interactions with mutualist pollinators. When different plant mutualists are using the same type of cues, such as volatile compounds, attraction of parasitoids and pollinators may trade off. To explore this, we compared volatile emission of Brassica nigra plants in response to single or dual attack on their inflorescences. Additionally, we recorded flower visitation by pollinators and the attraction of parasitoids in the greenhouse and/or field. Brassica nigra were exposed in the flowering stage to one or two of the following three attackers: Brevicoryne brassicae aphids, Pieris brassicae caterpillars, and Xanthomonas campestris pv. raphani bacteria. We found that single attack by caterpillars, and dual attack by caterpillars plus aphids, induced the strongest changes in plant volatile emission. The caterpillars’ parasitoid C. glomerata did not exhibit preference for plants exposed to caterpillars only vs. plants exposed to caterpillars plus aphids or plus bacteria. However, the composition of the pollinator community associated with flowers of B. nigra was affected by plant exposure to the attackers, but the total number of pollinators visiting the plants did not change upon attack. We conclude that, when B. nigra were exposed to single or dual attack on their inflorescences, the plants maintained interactions with natural enemies of the insect attackers and with pollinators. We discuss how chemical diversity may contribute to plant resilience upon attack.
The comparison of pro- and antioxidative parameters in plasma and placental tissues during early phase of placental development in cows
Authors: Wawrzykowski Jacek , Jamioł Monika , Mojsym Wioleta , Kankofer Marta 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPhysiological balance between pro- and antioxidative processes is crucial for placentation and further development of fetus and placenta. Parameters of pro- and antioxidative profile may serve as markers of proper course of pregnancy. The aim of study was to assess whether the balance between pro- and antioxidative parameters during placentation phase in bovine placenta is maintained. Placental and blood samples were collected from healthy, HF, pregnant (2nd-3rd month) cows (n = 8) in slaughterhouse and in farm, respectively. Formylokinurenine and bityrosine content were measured spectrofluorimetrically in blood plasma and tissue homogenates while metabolites of lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant capacity, SH groups and activity of antioxidative enzymes (glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) were determined in examined tissues by spectrophotometry. Western blotting was used to confirm the presence of enzymatic proteins in placenta. Results: Local profile in tissues was more pronounced than general profile in blood plasma. Activities of antioxidative enzymes were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in 2nd compared to 3rd month of pregnancy in maternal part of placenta while prooxidant parameters showed opposite relationship. Obtained results showed significant differences when compared to data from non-pregnant animals or time of parturition. Further studies are necessary for elucidation of placentation phase in cows.
Between‐hospital variation in rates of complications and decline of patient performance after glioblastoma surgery in the dutch Quality Registry Neuro Surgery
Authors: Kommers Ivar , Ackermans Linda , Ardon Hilko , van den Brink Wimar A. , Bouwknegt Wim , Balvers Rutger K. , van der Gaag Niels , Bosscher Lisette , Kloet Alfred , Koopmans Jan , Laan Mark ter , Tewarie Rishi Nandoe , Robe Pierre A. , van der Veer Olivier , Wagemakers Michiel , Zwinderman Aeilko H. , De Witt Hamer Philip C. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction
For decisions on glioblastoma surgery, the risk of complications and decline in performance is decisive. In this study, we determine the rate of complications and performance decline after resections and biopsies in a national quality registry, their risk factors and the risk-standardized variation between institutions.

Methods
Data from all 3288 adults with first-time glioblastoma surgery at 13 hospitals were obtained from a prospective population-based Quality Registry Neuro Surgery in the Netherlands between 2013 and 2017. Patients were stratified by biopsies and resections. Complications were categorized as Clavien-Dindo grades II and higher. Performance decline was considered a deterioration of more than 10 Karnofsky points at 6 weeks. Risk factors were evaluated in multivariable logistic regression analysis. Patient-specific expected and observed complications and performance declines were summarized for institutions and analyzed in funnel plots.

Results
For 2271 resections, the overall complication rate was 20 % and 16 % declined in performance. For 1017 biopsies, the overall complication rate was 11 % and 30 % declined in performance. Patient-related characteristics were significant risk factors for complications and performance decline, i.e. higher age, lower baseline Karnofsky, higher ASA classification, and the surgical procedure. Hospital characteristics, i.e. case volume, university affiliation and biopsy percentage, were not. In three institutes the observed complication rate was significantly less than expected. In one institute significantly more performance declines were observed than expected, and in one institute significantly less.

Conclusions
Patient characteristics, but not case volume, were risk factors for complications and performance decline after glioblastoma surgery. After risk-standardization, hospitals varied in complications and performance declines.
Who Is in Charge? Social Inequality in Different Fields of Volunteering
Authors: Meyer Michael , Rameder Paul 
Published: January 2021

AbstractVolunteering in civil society organizations (CSOs) is sometimes idealized as welcoming arena for everybody. Prior research, however, has shown that participation in volunteer work depends on gender, wealth, education, and social networks, suggesting that CSOs are not in fact open to everyone. Inequality within different fields of volunteering combined with the factors that put actors into more powerful positions has rarely been scrutinized. Besides identifying the characteristics and resources relevant for promotion, we primarily investigate how these patterns differ between four subfields: politics, social services, religion, and sports. We analyzed a large database created from the Austrian micro-census. The findings reveal significant relations between the actors’ gender, their occupational and educational status, and their hierarchical positions in CSOs within each of the subfields. Our results indicate that the extent to which social inequality spills over to volunteering depends on field characteristics: In the fields of sports and politics, occupational status plays a major role, while in the fields of religion and social services, educational status is more important. We explain these differences through organizational and individual factors that characterize these social fields.
Changes in defense-related enzymes and phenolics in resistant and susceptible common wheat cultivars under aphid stress
Authors: Xu Yi , Guo Hao , Geng Guangdong , Zhang Qingqin , Zhang Suqin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe cereal aphids Rhopalosiphum padi L. are serious pests on grain crops, reducing the quality and yield by direct feeding damage and virus transmission. The changes in the physiological and biochemical parameters of two wheat cultivars under aphid stress were investigated to understand aphid-resistance mechanisms. The activity levels of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), peroxidase (POD), tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL), Ca2+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase in resistant cultivar W0923 increased during aphid feeding, and most of them were significantly higher than those in the susceptible cultivar GN21. However, these enzyme activities increased and then decreased in GN21. The polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity in W0923 was maintained longer than in GN21. The total phenol contents of the two cultivars exhibited significant increases on the 15th day compared with the untreated controls, and the content in W0923 was significantly higher than in GN21 by the 30th day. Most of the POD, PPO, PAL, TAL and Ca2+-ATPase activities and phenolic metabolite contents were higher in W0923 than in GN21 under the untreated control conditions. The Ca2+-ATPase and PAL activities positively correlated with POD, PPO and Mg2+-ATPase activities. Ca2+-ATPase and PAL may be key biochemical markers for evaluating aphid resistance. W0923 had a strong ability to maintain higher enzyme activities and synthesize more phenols and tannins than GN21, which contributed to aphid resistance.
Can the Japanese National Clinical Database risk calculator predict long-term survival of patients who undergo palliative segmentectomy for primary lung cancer?
Authors: Nakano Tomoyuki , Tsubochi Hiroyoshi , Maki Mitsuru , Minegishi Kentaro , Shibano Tomoki , Kanai Yoshihiko , Otani Shinichi , Yamamoto Shinichi , Tetsuka Kenji , Endo Shunsuke 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objectives
Selection criteria for palliative limited surgery in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) can vary by institution or surgeon. We retrospectively reviewed outcomes of poor-risk patients who underwent palliative segmentectomy (PS), using the National Clinical Database Risk Calculator (RC).

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed medical records of patients with NSCLC tumors ≥ 20 mm and consolidation/tumor ratios ≥ 0.5 on computed tomography, who underwent PS from January 2009 to March 2016. Median follow-up time was 47 months (range 2–102 months).

Results
We enrolled 67 patients (median age: 73.0 years), of whom 54 received thoracoscopic surgery and 28 received medial lymph-node dissection. The RC’s mean predictive probability rate for perioperative mortality or severe complications was 7.1%. Of the 67 patients, 24 patients (43.0%) suffered post-surgical complications, including 2 (3%) who died in hospital; 17 eventually suffered NSCLC recurrences and/or metastases, 11 eventually died from NSCLC, and 17 died from other diseases. Five-year overall survival (OS) was 59.4%. When the patients were divided into high-risk (HR) and low-risk (LR) groups based on the RC, 5-year OS was significantly less in the HR group (43.9%) than in the LR group (82.2%; P < 0.05).

Conclusion
The RC, which was developed primarily to determine perioperative risk, can predict long-term prognosis for compromised patients who undergo PS.
Low Anterior Resection Syndrome in Adults with Rectal Cancer in China: a Case Series Analysis
Authors: Qiu Yuan , Pu Yu , Guan Haidi , Fan Weijie , Wang Shuai , Du Guangsheng , Yang Hua , Xiao Weidong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLow anterior resection syndrome (LARS) comprises a collection of symptoms affecting patients’ defecation after restorative surgery for rectal cancer. The aim of this work was to study the incidence and risk factors for LARS in China. Rectal cancer patients undergoing total mesorectal excision and colorectal anastomosis between May 2012 and January 2015 were identified from a single center. The patients completed the LARS score questionnaire through telephone. The clinical and pathological factors that may influence the occurrence of LARS were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. The influence of postoperative recovery time and pelvic dimensions on the occurrence of LARS was also analyzed. This study included 337 patients, at an average age of 61.03 SD11.32. The mean LARS score of the patients was 14.08 (range 0–41). A total of 126 patients (37.4%) developed LARS after surgery, including 63 (18.7%) severe cases. Compared with the scores within the initial 6 postoperative months, the LARS scores of the patients in 6~18 months after the surgery showed significant reductions (p < 0.01). In multivariate analysis, lower locations of anastomosis, pre-surgery radiotherapy, and shorter postoperative recovery time were significant predisposing factors for LARS. A subgroup analysis revealed that patients suffering from LARS over 18 months after surgery were found to have a significantly shorter interspinous distance than those without LARS (p < 0.05). LARS could improve over time after surgery. Lower anastomotic level and pre-surgery radiotherapy are risk factors for LARS.
Continuous synthesis of photocatalytic nanoparticles of pure ZnO and ZnO modified with metal nanoparticles
Authors: Długosz Olga , Banach Marcin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe continuous microwave synthesis of ZnO, ZnO–nAg and ZnO–nCu nanoparticles (NPs) are presented. Initially, pure ZnO nanoparticles were synthesised, studying the effect of selected parameters on the size of crystallites. In the second stage, ZnO nanoparticles modified with metal nanoparticles were obtained by conducting the process in a flow system. Tannic acid was used as a reducing agent of silver and copper ions. The structure, crystallinity and effectiveness of the deposition of metal nanoparticles were assessed by XRD, XPS, FTIR and electron microscopy techniques (SEM and TEM). The obtained materials were tested for their photocatalytic properties against methylene blue in UV light. The results of photodegradation in ultraviolet light have shown that the introduction of metal nanoparticles, especially silver nanoparticles, significantly increases catalytic efficiency (30% for pure ZnO NPs, 91% for ZnO–nAg NPs and 54% for ZnO–nCu NPs). The main advantage of the proposed ZnO/Ag semiconductor is that it delays the recombination process of electron–hole pairs generated by photon absorption, which extends the efficiency of such a photocatalyst. Based on the research, we determined that it is possible to use photocatalytically active ZnO modified with metal nanoparticles obtained in the flow process.
Graphic abstract
Does CSR Activity Amount to Socially Responsible Management?
Authors: Foster M. John 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn essence firms or companies are usually thought to exist to make products for or provide services of some sort to third parties, other companies or individuals. The philosophical question which naturally arises then is ‘to the benefit of whom should a firm’s activities be aimed?’ Possible answers include the owners of the firm, the firm’s employees or wider society, the firm’s local community or their host nation. It is because of firms’ location within a wider society that the issue of corporate social responsibility arises. The issue is do they contribute in a positive way to the fabric of society. In this paper we conduct an exploratory investigation whose research questions, broadly, are whether there is public evidence of corporate social responsibility activity by firms listed in the UK and to what extent, if any, such activities may amount to genuinely socially responsible management by the firms. We examined the most up to date annual reports of a split sample of 36 firms listed in the FTSE 350. The short answers to the two research questions above are: to some degree and no by some margin, based on data from the sample firms.