bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How does prescribed fire shape bird and plant communities in a temperate dry forest ecosystem?
Authors: Rainsford Frederick W. , Kelly Luke T. , Leonard Steve W. J. , Bennett Andrew F. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTo mitigate the impact of severe wildfire on human society and the environment, prescribed fire is widely used in forest ecosystems to reduce fuel loads and limit fire spread. To avoid detrimental effects on conservation values, it is imperative to understand how prescribed fire affects taxa having a range of different adaptations to disturbance. Such studies will have greatest benefit if they extend beyond short‐term impacts of burning. We used a field study to examine the effects of prescribed fire on birds and plants across a 36‐yr post‐fire chronosequence in a temperate dry forest ecosystem in southeastern Australia, and by making comparison with long‐unburned reference sites (79 yr since wildfire). We modeled changes in the relative abundance of 22 bird species and the cover of 39 plant species, and examined how individual species, functional groups, species richness and community composition differed between sites with different fire history. For most individual bird and plant species modeled, relative abundance or cover at sites subject to prescribed fire did not change significantly with time since fire or differ from that of long‐unburned vegetation. When bird species were pooled into functional groups, time since prescribed fire had strong effects on birds that forage in the lower‐midstorey, facultative‐resprouting shrubs and obligate‐seeding shrubs. Species richness for both taxa did not differ between sites subject to prescribed fire and those in long‐unburned vegetation. Bird communities varied significantly between the youngest (0–3 yr) and oldest (79 yr) post‐fire age classes, driven by species associated with understorey vegetation. Plant community composition showed little evidence of a post‐fire successional trajectory. The prevalence of bird species with broad habitat and dietary niches and plant regeneration through resprouting, make bird and plant communities in these forests relatively resilient to small and patchy prescribed fires they have experienced to date. Application of prescribed fire will be most compatible with maintaining biodiversity by taking a landscape approach that (1) plans for a geographic spread of stands with a range of between‐prescribed‐fire intervals to ensure provision of suitable habitat for all taxa, and (2) avoids burning in moist gullies to maintain their value as fire refuges.
Effects of water deficit on leaves and fruit quality during the development period in tomato plant
Authors: Medyouni Ibtissem , Zouaoui Refka , Rubio Emilie , Serino Sylvie , Ahmed Hela Ben , Bertin Nadia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn nature, plants are often exposed to a multitude of environmental constraints that severely limit crop productivity. Water deficit is one of the factors that most affects agricultural production. The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of water deficit on morphology, development, nutritional behavior, as well as chlorophyll fluorescence and certain important metabolic parameters (soluble sugars, organic acids, starch, carotenoid, and vitamin C) of the cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv Plovdiv). In this study, the water supply was reduced by 60% compared to control conditions. The conditions of water deficit showed that the size of the different organs (leaves, fruits) was reduced. A reduction in the number, width, and length of the leaves, respectively, 9%, 36%, and 37%, then the leaf surface was also observed. Reduction of fluorescence (Fo, Fm, and Fv) and total index performance were among the other symptoms of plants with water deficiency. For fruit, we observed a significant decrease in diameter, fresh weight, and moisture content during the cell division period, the cell expansion period, and the fruit ripening period. In contrast, the composition of the Plovdiv fruit changed only during cell division and expansion phase. On the other hand, the water deficit induces an increase in the total carotenoid and vitamin C content of the fruits.. Besides, water deficit induced a reduction of fruit size, moisture content, and production dry matter during different phases of development. Decrease levels of soluble sugars and organic acid but increase in vitamin C and carotenoid content.
Automatic detection and localization of COVID‐19 pneumonia using axial computed tomography images and deep convolutional neural networks
Authors: Polat Hasan , Özerdem Mehmet Siraç , Ekici Faysal , Akpolat Veysi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCOVID‐19 was first reported as an unknown group of pneumonia in Wuhan City, Hubei province of China in late December of 2019. The rapid increase in the number of cases diagnosed with COVID‐19 and the lack of experienced radiologists can cause diagnostic errors in the interpretation of the images along with the exceptional workload occurring in this process. Therefore, the urgent development of automated diagnostic systems that can scan radiological images quickly and accurately is important in combating the pandemic. With this motivation, a deep convolutional neural network (CNN)‐based model that can automatically detect patterns related to lesions caused by COVID‐19 from chest computed tomography (CT) images is proposed in this study. In this context, the image ground‐truth regarding the COVID‐19 lesions scanned by the radiologist was evaluated as the main criteria of the segmentation process. A total of 16 040 CT image segments were obtained by applying segmentation to the raw 102 CT images. Then, 10 420 CT image segments related to healthy lung regions were labeled as COVID‐negative, and 5620 CT image segments, in which the findings related to the lesions were detected in various forms, were labeled as COVID‐positive. With the proposed CNN architecture, 93.26% diagnostic accuracy performance was achieved. The sensitivity and specificity performance metrics for the proposed automatic diagnosis model were 93.27% and 93.24%, respectively. Additionally, it has been shown that by scanning the small regions of the lungs, COVID‐19 pneumonia can be localized automatically with high resolution and the lesion densities can be successfully evaluated quantitatively.
Muslim Swim Wear Fashion at Amman Waves on the Internet and Live
Authors: Berglund Jenny 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWhen viewed on the internet, the waterslides and pools at Amman Waves look deserted, but when paying a visit they are filled with children, women and men in various kinds of swim wear. At Amman Waves women's swim wear fashion ranges from small bikinis to swim-suits that cover every part of a woman's body except the face, hands and feet. In this article these differences in covering are discussed and categorized in relation to Islamic law. It is argued that this variation in swim wear also has relevance for European societies since it shows possibilities for negotiations (agreement) between traditional Islamic ideals and ideals in modern Western societies.
Tissue responses after implantation of biodegradable Mg alloys evaluated by multimodality 3D micro‐bioimaging in vivo
Authors: Helmholz Heike , Will Olga , Penate‐Medina Tuula , Humbert Jana , Damm Timo , Luthringer‐Feyerabend Berengere , Willumeit‐Römer Regine , Glüer Claus‐Christian , Penate‐Medina Oula 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe local response of tissue triggered by implantation of degradable magnesium‐based implant materials was investigated in vivo in a murine model. Pins (5.0 mm length by 0.5 mm diameter) made of Mg, Mg‐10Gd, and Ti were implanted in the leg muscle tissue of C57Bl/6N mice (n = 6). Implantation was generally well tolerated as documented by only a mild short term increase in a multidimensional scoring index. Lack of difference between the groups indicated that the response was systemic and surgery related rather than material dependent. Longitudinal in vivo monitoring utilizing micro‐computed tomography over 42 days demonstrated the highest and most heterogeneous degradation for Mg‐10Gd. Elemental imaging of the explants by micro X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry showed a dense calcium‐phosphate‐containing degradation layer. In order to monitor resulting surgery induced and/or implant material associated local cell stress, sphingomyelin based liposomes containing indocyanine green were administered. An initial increase in fluorescent signals (3–7 days after implantation) indicating cell stress at the site of the implantation was measured by in vivo fluorescent molecular tomography. The signal decreased until the 42nd day for all materials. These findings demonstrate that Mg based implants are well tolerated causing only mild and short term adverse reactions.
Antiangiogenic effect of arsenic trioxide in HUVECs by FoxO3a‐regulated autophagy
Authors: Sun Zhuo , Cao Yidan , Xing Yueping , Wu Muyu , Shao Xiaotong , Huang Qingli , Bai Lu , Wang Li , Zhao Yaxian , Wu Yongping 
Published: February 2021

AbstractArsenic trioxide (ATO) has been shown to have antitumor effect in different tumors, although the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Autophagy plays a critical role in tumorigenesis and cancer therapy and has been found to be activated by ATO in different cells. However, the role of autophagy in the antitumor effect of ATO has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the role of autophagy in the antiangiogenic effect of ATO in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro and its underlying mechanism. Our data showed that ATO suppresses angiogenesis and induces autophagy in HUVECs through upregulation of forkhead box protein O3 (FoxO3a). Co‐incubated with autophagy inhibitor or knockdown of FoxO3a effectively inhibited ATO‐induced autophagy and reversed the antiangiogenic effect of ATO, indicating that ATO‐induced autophagy plays an antiangiogenic role in HUVECs. Our results highlight the importance of autophagy in the antiangiogenic effect of ATO and provide an improved understanding of the function of ATO.
Abatement of the dysfunctional hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis due to ciprofloxacin administration by selenium in male rats
Authors: Adedara Isaac A. , Awogbindin Ifeoluwa O. , Mohammed Khadija A. , Da‐Silva Oluwatobiloba F. , Farombi Ebenezer O. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe present study examined the influence of selenium on ciprofloxacin‐mediated reproductive dysfunction in rats. The research design consisted of five groups of eight animals each. The rats were administered 135 mg/kg body weight of ciprofloxacin per se or simultaneously with selenium at 0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg for 15 uninterrupted days. Antioxidant and inflammatory indices were assayed using the testes, epididymis, and hypothalamus of the animals after sacrifice. Results revealed that ciprofloxacin treatment per se interfered with the reproductive axis as demonstrated by diminished serum hormonal levels, sperm quality, and enzymatic indices of testicular function, which were, however, abrogated following selenium co‐treatment. Besides this, administration of selenium attenuated the depletion of glutathione level, inhibition of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione‐S‐transferase and glutathione peroxidase activities with a concomitant reduction in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and lipid peroxidation in ciprofloxacin‐treated in rats. Selenium treatment also mitigated ciprofloxacin‐mediated elevation in nitric oxide level and of myeloperoxidase activity as well as histological lesions in the animals. Overall, selenium attenuated impairment in the male reproductive axis due to ciprofloxacin treatment through abatement of inflammation and oxidative stress in rats.
How gait influences frailty models and health‐related outcomes in clinical‐based and population‐based studies: a systematic review
Authors: Bortone Ilaria , Sardone Rodolfo , Lampignano Luisa , Castellana Fabio , Zupo Roberta , Lozupone Madia , Moretti Biagio , Giannelli Gianluigi , Panza Francesco 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAging is often associated with a decline in physical function that eventually leads to loss of autonomy in activities of daily living (ADL). Walking is a very common ADL, important for main determinants of quality of life in older age, and it requires the integration of many physiological systems. Gait speed has been described as the ‘sixth vital sign’ because it is a core indicator of health and function in aging and disease. We reviewed original studies up to June 2020 that assessed frailty in both longitudinal and cross‐sectional observational studies, paying particular attention to how gait is measured in older population and how the gait parameter adopted may influence the estimated frailty models and the health‐related outcomes of the various studies (i.e. clinical, cognitive, physical, and nutritional outcomes). Eighty‐five studies met the search strategy and were included in the present systematic review. According to the frailty tools, more than 60% of the studies used the physical phenotype model proposed by Fried and colleagues, while one‐third referred to multi‐domain indexes or models and only 5% referred to other single‐domain frailty models (social or cognitive). The great heterogeneity observed in gait measurements and protocols limited the possibility to directly compare the results of the studies and it could represent an important issue causing variability in the different outcome measures in both clinical‐and population‐based settings. Gait appeared to be an indicator of health and function also in frail older adults, and different gait parameters appeared to predict adverse health‐related outcomes in clinical, cognitive, and physical domains and, to a lesser extent, in nutritional domain. Gait has the potential to elucidate the common basic mechanisms of cognitive and motor decline. Advances in technology may extend the validity of gait in different clinical settings also in frail older adults, and technology‐based assessment should be encouraged. Combining various gait parameters may enhance frailty prediction and classification of different frailty phenotypes.
Cardiac T1 and T2 Mapping Showed Myocardial Involvement in Recovered COVID‐19 Patients Initially Considered Devoid of Cardiac Damage
Authors: Pan Cunxue , Zhang Zuoquan , Luo Liyun , Wu Wenhao , Jia Taoyu , Lu Ling , Liu Weiyin V. , Qin Yujuan , Hu Feng , Ding Xianglian , Qin Peixin , Qian Long , Chen Jian , Li Shaolin 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundMyocardial injury has been found using magnetic resonance imaging in recovered coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients unselected or with ongoing cardiac symptoms.PurposeTo evaluate for the presence of myocardial involvement in recovered COVID‐19 patients without cardiovascular symptoms and abnormal serologic markers during hospitalization.Study TypeProspective.PopulationTwenty‐one recovered COVID‐19 patients and 20 healthy controls (HC).Field Strength/Sequence3.0 T, cine, T2‐weighted imaging, T1 mapping, and T2 mapping.AssessmentCardiac ventricular function includes end‐diastolic volume, end‐systolic volume, stroke volume, cardiac output, left ventricle (LV) mass, and ejection fraction (EF) of LV and right ventricle (RV), and segmental myocardial T1 and T2 values were measured.Statistical TestsStudent's t‐test, univariate general linear model test, and chi‐square test were used for analyses between two groups. Ordinary one‐way analyses of variance or Kruskal–Wallis H test were used for analyses between three groups, followed by post‐hoc analyses.ResultsFifteen (71.43%) COVID‐19 patients had abnormal magnetic resonance findings, including raised myocardial native T1 (5, 23.81%) and T2 values (10, 47.62%), decreased LVEF (1, 4.76%), and RVEF (2, 9.52%). The segmental myocardial T2 value of COVID‐19 patients (49.20 [46.1, 54.6] msec) was significantly higher than HC (48.3 [45.2, 51.7] msec) (P < 0.001), while the myocardial native T1 value showed no significant difference between COVID‐19 patients and HC. The myocardial T2 value of serious COVID‐19 patients (52.5 [48.1, 57.1] msec) was significantly higher than unserious COVID‐19 patients (48.8 [45.9, 53.8] msec) and HC (48.3 [45.2, 51.7]) (P < 0.001). COVID‐19 patients with abnormally elevated D‐dimer, C‐reactive protein, or lymphopenia showed higher myocardial T2 values than without (all P < 0.05).Data ConclusionCardiac involvement was observed in recovered COVID‐19 patients with no preexisting cardiovascular disease, no cardiovascular symptoms, and elevated serologic markers of myocardial injury during the whole course of COVID‐19.Level of Evidence1Technical EfficacyStage 5
Circulation of enterovirus A71 during 2019–2020, Marseille, France
Authors: Luciani Léa , Morand Aurélie , Zandotti Christine , Piorkowski Géraldine , Boutin Aurélie , Mazenq Julie , Minodier Philippe , Ninove Laetitia , Nougairède Antoine 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEnteroviruses A71 (EVs‐A71) are known to cause serious neurological infections, especially in the pediatric population. We report here eight cases of EV‐A71 infection diagnosed in Marseille over the past 2 years (seven cases in 2019 and one case in 2020). Only children under 5 years of age were affected, including one case of acute flaccid paralysis. Viral RNA was detected by RT‐PCR in peripheral samples for all cases (feces and upper respiratory samples). Phylogenetic analyses based on VP1 and 2C3C coding regions revealed that all these cases of EV‐A71 infection were caused by viruses belonging to the subgenogroup C1 that currently circulates in Europe and that these viruses are genetically closed to other EVs‐A71 recently detected in European countries. These data therefore reinforce the usefulness of the enterovirus surveillance network and the need for systematic screening for EV‐A71 in case of an enteroviral infection. This study therefore suggests that the systematic screening for EV‐A71 in case of enteroviral infection could provide additional data for enterovirus surveillance networks.
Ventricular arrhythmias among patients with implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Malanchini G. , Ferrari P. , Leidi C. , Ferrari G. , Racheli M. , Senni M. , De Filippo P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus Disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) has been associated with myocardial injury and higher risk of arrhythmic complications. However, no reports are available about the effect of the ongoing pandemic on arrhythmias in patients at risk.ObjectiveTo describe the effect of COVID‐19 pandemic on arrhythmic burden among high‐risk patients.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study on the incidence of ventricular arrhythmia (VA) during the pandemic outbreak (study period), compared to the same timeframe in 2019 (reference period). Inclusion criteria were age (>18 years) and having an implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD).ResultsAmong 455 patients enrolled (mean age 64.9 ± 15.7 years; 25.1% females and 39.6% with CRTD), in the study period, 45 (9.9%) patients experienced a total of 86 VA; 8 patients (1.7%) required antitachycardia‐pacing (ATP) and 6 (1.3%) at least one shock. In the reference period, a total of 69 events occurred in 36 patients (7.9%). Six patients (1.3%) required ATP and three (0.7%) at least one shock. The number of patients that suffered from any arrhythmic events in the study period (9.9% vs 7.9%) did not significantly differ from the reference period (χ2 = 1.09, P = .29). The main predictor of VA during the COVID‐19 pandemic was the previous history of any ICD therapy (OR = 3.84, P < .001).ConclusionsNo evidence of an increase of arrhythmic burden was found during the COVID‐19 pandemic among patients with an ICD.
Future drought in CMIP6 projections and the socioeconomic impacts in China
Authors: Chen Liqin , Wang Guojie , Miao Lijuan , Gnyawali Kaushal Raj , Li Shijie , Amankwah Solomon Obiri Yeboah , Huang Jinlong , Lu Jiao , Zhan Mingyue 
Published: February 2021

AbstractProjections of future drought conditions under climate change are an important step in formulating the long‐term climate adaptation strategies. It is therefore valuable to predict the drought conditions in China following the release of the CMIP6 (the phase six of the Coupled Model Inter‐comparison Project). Thus, based on 20 global climate model simulations from CMIP6, we project China's drought conditions and its socioeconomic impacts using the self‐calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index (scPDSI). Four scenarios are considered in this analysis: SSP1‐2.6 (the low‐level development scenario), SSP2‐4.5 (the middle‐level development scenario), SSP3‐7.0 (the medium to high‐level development scenario) and SSP5‐8.5 (the high‐level development scenario). Under SSP1‐2.6, we observed wetting trends over large areas of China except the arid region during 2020–2099; however, under SSP2‐4.5, SSP3‐7.0 and SSP5‐8.5, significant drying trends are detected in the humid and temperate semi‐humid region, while in other areas there are significant wetting trends. The projected drought conditions are likely to be severe with more frequent monthly occurrences and higher probability of extreme drying conditions, especially in these humid and temperate semi‐humid regions under SSP3‐7.0 and SSP5‐8.5. Consequently, the population exposure to drought in most climatic regions will increase initially up to 2040s and gradually decrease under all the scenarios except SSP3‐7.0; and the humid region will be a future hotspot where the impact of climate on population exposure to drought will be more significant. The economic exposure to drought will increase over the whole China under all four scenarios, especially in the humid and semi‐humid region. Our results have important implications for future drought projections and provide a scientific evidence for developing climate change adaptation strategies and disaster prevention.
Timing of parenteral nutrition is associated with adequacy of nutrient delivery and anthropometry in critically ill children: A single‐center study
Authors: Ariagno Katelyn , Bechard Lori , Quinn Nicolle , Rudie Coral , Finnan Emily , Arena Anastasia , Sun Tina , Hale Jaqueline , Duggan Christopher P. , Mehta Nilesh M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe optimal timing of supplemental parenteral nutrition (PN) use in the pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) is unclear. We aimed to describe patterns of PN use in the ICU and the association between the timing of PN initiation and macronutrient delivery and anthropometry.MethodsWe enrolled patients (aged <18 years) with an ICU stay >3 days were started on PN in the ICU. Initiation within 48 hours of admission was deemed as early, and duration <5 days was deemed as short. We used multivariable analysis to examine the association between PN timing and macronutrient delivery adequacy (percentage of the prescribed target that was actually delivered) and weight‐for‐age z‐score (WAZ) over hospital stay.ResultsNinety‐five patients were included. Median (interquartile range [IQR]) time to initiate PN was 4 (1, 6) days, and in 33%, PN was initiated early. Median (IQR) PN duration was 8 (5, 14) days, and in 16.8%, duration was short. Median (IQR) adequacies for total energy and protein delivery were 55% (40, 74) and 72% (44, 81) in the early PN group compared with 29% (3, 50) and 31% (4, 47), respectively, in the late PN group (P < .001). The late PN group had a 0.50‐unit greater decline in mean WAZ compared with the early PN group (95% CI, 0.11–0.89; P = .012).ConclusionLate PN initiation was associated with significantly lower adequacy of macronutrient delivery and greater decline in WAZ in critically ill children. The relationship between PN timing patient outcomes must be further examined.