bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Matrix Normal Cluster-Weighted Models
Authors: Tomarchio Salvatore D. , McNicholas Paul D. , Punzo Antonio 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFinite mixtures of regressions with fixed covariates are a commonly used model-based clustering methodology to deal with regression data. However, they assume assignment independence, i.e., the allocation of data points to the clusters is made independently of the distribution of the covariates. To take into account the latter aspect, finite mixtures of regressions with random covariates, also known as cluster-weighted models (CWMs), have been proposed in the univariate and multivariate literature. In this paper, the CWM is extended to matrix data, e.g., those data where a set of variables are simultaneously observed at different time points or locations. Specifically, the cluster-specific marginal distribution of the covariates and the cluster-specific conditional distribution of the responses given the covariates are assumed to be matrix normal. Maximum likelihood parameter estimates are derived using an expectation-conditional maximization algorithm. Parameter recovery, classification assessment, and the capability of the Bayesian information criterion to detect the underlying groups are investigated using simulated data. Finally, two real data applications concerning educational indicators and the Italian non-life insurance market are presented.
New insights into glial scar formation after spinal cord injury
Authors: Tran Amanda Phuong , Warren Philippa Mary , Silver Jerry 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSevere spinal cord injury causes permanent loss of function and sensation throughout the body. The trauma causes a multifaceted torrent of pathophysiological processes which ultimately act to form a complex structure, permanently remodeling the cellular architecture and extracellular matrix. This structure is traditionally termed the glial/fibrotic scar. Similar cellular formations occur following stroke, infection, and neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) signifying their fundamental importance to preservation of function. It is increasingly recognized that the scar performs multiple roles affecting recovery following traumatic injury. Innovative research into the properties of this structure is imperative to the development of treatment strategies to recover motor function and sensation following CNS trauma. In this review, we summarize how the regeneration potential of the CNS alters across phyla and age through formation of scar-like structures. We describe how new insights from next-generation sequencing technologies have yielded a more complex portrait of the molecular mechanisms governing the astrocyte, microglial, and neuronal responses to injury and development, especially of the glial component of the scar. Finally, we discuss possible combinatorial therapeutic approaches centering on scar modulation to restore function after severe CNS injury.
Numerical Investigation of Sloshing Under Roll Excitation at Shallow Liquid Depths and the Effect of Baffles
Authors: Kamath Arun , Grotle Erlend Liavåg , Bihs Hans 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSloshing is relevant in several applications like ship tanks, space and automotive industry and seiching in harbours. Due to the relationship between ship and sloshing motions and possibility of structural damage, it is important to represent this phenomenon accurately. This paper investigates sloshing at shallow liquid depths in a rectangular container using experiments and RANS simulations. Free and forced sloshing, with and without baffles, are studied at frequencies chosen specifically in proximity to the first mode natural frequency. The numerically calculated free surface elevation is in close agreement with observations from experiments. The upper limit of the resonance zone, sloshing under different filling depths and roll amplitudes and sloshing with one, two and four baffles are also investigated. The results show that the extent of the resonance zone is reduced for higher filling depth and roll amplitude. It is also found that the inclusion of baffles moves the frequency at which the maximum free surface elevation occurs, away from the fundamental frequency. Finally, a submerged baffle is found to dissipate more energy compared to a surface piercing baffle and that the effect of several submerged baffles is similar to that of a single submerged baffle.
Assessing the exposure and hazard of diesel exhaust in professional drivers: a review of the current state of knowledge
Authors: Lim Shanon , Holliday Lois , Barratt Benjamin , Griffiths Chris J. , Mudway Ian S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIt is well-established that traffic-related air pollution has a detrimental impact on health. Much of the focus has been on diesel exhaust emissions due to a rapid increase in vehicle numbers and studies finding that this pollutant is carcinogenic. Unsurprisingly, the highest diesel exposures that the general population experiences are during urban daily commutes; however, few studies have considered professional drivers who are chronically exposed to the pollutant due to their work in transport microenvironments. In this narrative review, we address the literature on professional drivers’ exposure to diesel exhaust and advocate that a modern exposure science approach utilised in commuter personal exposure studies is needed. This type of evaluation will provide a more detailed understanding of the time-activity of professional drivers’ exposures which is required to identify specific interventions to reduce their risk to diesel exhaust emissions.
The handling of SARS-CoV-2 associated deaths - infectivity of the body
Authors: Schröder Ann Sophie , Edler Carolin , Ondruschka Benjamin , Püschel Klaus , Schädler Julia , Heinemann Axel , Heinrich Fabian , Lütgehetmann Marc , Pfefferle Susanne , Aepfelbacher Martin , Fitzek Antonia , Sperhake Jan-Peter 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe body of a deceased with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is considered infectious. In this study, we present the results of infectivity testing of the body and testing of mortuary staff for SARS-CoV-2. We performed real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for SARS-CoV-2 on 33 decedents with ante mortem confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Swabs of the body surface from five different body regions and from the body bag or coffin were examined. A subset of the swabs was brought into cell culture. In addition, screening of 25 Institute of Legal Medicine (ILM) personnel for ongoing or past SARS-CoV-2 infection was performed at two different time points during the pandemic. Swabs from all locations of the body surface and the body environment were negative in cases of negative post mortem nasopharyngeal testing (n=9). When the post mortem nasopharyngeal swab tested positive (n=24), between 0 and 5 of the body surface swabs were also positive, primarily the perioral region. In six of the cases, the body bag also yielded a positive result. The longest postmortem interval with positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR at the body surface was nine days. In no case viable SARS-CoV-2 was found on the skin of the bodies or the body bags. One employee (autopsy technician) had possible occupational infection with SARS-CoV-2; all other employees were tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 RNA or antibody twice. Our data indicate that with adequate management of general safety precautions, transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through autopsies and handling of bodies is unlikely.
Aneurysm severity is suppressed by deletion of CCN4
Authors: Williams Helen , Wadey Kerry S. , Frankow Aleksandra , Blythe Hazel C. , Forbes Tessa , Johnson Jason L. , George Sarah J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPatients with abdominal aortic aneurysms are frequently treated with high-risk surgery. A pharmaceutical treatment to reverse aneurysm progression could prevent the need for surgery and save both lives and healthcare resources. Since CCN4 regulates cell migration, proliferation and apoptosis, processes involved in aneurysm progression, it is a potential regulator of aneurysm progression. We investigated the role of CCN4 in a mouse aneurysm model, using apolipoprotein-E knockout (ApoE−/−) mice fed high fat diet and infused with Angiotensin II (AngII). Blood pressure was similarly elevated in CCN4−/−ApoE−/− mice and CCN4+/+ApoE−/− mice (controls) in response to AngII infusion. Deletion of CCN4 significantly reduced the number of ruptured aortae, both thoracic and abdominal aortic area, and aneurysm grade score, compared to controls. Additionally, the frequency of vessel wall remodelling and the number of elastic lamina breaks was significantly suppressed in CCN4−/−ApoE−/− mice compared to controls. Immunohistochemistry revealed a significantly lower proportion of macrophages, while the proportion of smooth muscle cells was not affected by the deletion of CCN4. There was also a reduction in both proliferation and apoptosis in CCN4−/−ApoE−/− mice compared to controls. In vitro studies showed that CCN4 significantly increased monocyte adhesion beyond that seen with TNFα and stimulated macrophage migration by more than threefold. In summary, absence of CCN4 reduced aneurysm severity and improved aortic integrity, which may be the result of reduced macrophage infiltration and cell apoptosis. Inhibition of CCN4 could offer a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of aneurysms.
Message framing, non-conscious perception and effectiveness in non-profit advertising. Contribution by neuromarketing research
Authors: Martinez-Levy Ana C. , Rossi Dario , Cartocci Giulia , Mancini Marco , Di Flumeri Gianluca , Trettel Arianna , Babiloni Fabio , Cherubino Patrizia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAdvertising for non-profit organizations through television commercials is a valuable means of communication to raise awareness and receive donations. When it comes to social aspects, personal attitudes such as empathy are significant for reinforcing the intention to donate; and the study of eliciting emotions has critical attention in the literature, especially some types of emotion, such as guilt which mediates empathy. Different methodologies have been used to measure consumer emotions when faced with TV ads stimuli: mainly traditional techniques such as interviews or questionnaires after the ads viewing. In the last ten years, there has also been a great interest in new neuroscience techniques applied to measure emotional and cognitive reactions by physiological signals, frame by frame. Our research has applied neuromarketing technologies during the observation of a UNHCR commercial promoting legacy calls. The objective was to study cognitive and emotional reactions in order to increase the effectiveness whilst having the possibility to verify the results by measuring the benefits in terms of calls from contributors. The purpose of this research is to empirically prove the impact in calls thanks to changes in the message framing strategy in non-profit advertising suggested and measured by neuromarketing techniques. Particularly we measured the cerebral activity through an electroencephalogram to obtain an Approach-Withdrawal Index (AW); the heart rate and galvanic skin response through different sensors in the palm of one hand, to obtain an Emotional Index (EI), and finally, eye fixations through an eye tracker device to obtain the visual attention on key visual areas of the ads. After these indicators’ recordings on a sample of subjects, some suggestions to modify the advertising were made to create a more effective campaign. The results compared, those elicited by the first version of the spot (LVE) and those by the second version (HVE), confirmed that (1) the number of sellable and legacy calls increased with the message framing strategy modified in the second spot (HVE), (2) a lower cognitive and emotional reactions have been obtained in the final section of HVE, (3) the visual attention on the key information of the phone number to call, in the final call to action frames(CTA), was higher in HVE than in the first version of the spot (LVE), (4) the cognitive approach increased during the same CTA frames in HVE.
Intergenerational persistence of family formation trajectories among teenage-mothers and -fathers in Sweden
Authors: Kalucza Sara , Vidal Sergi , Nilsson Karina 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we address the questions of whether early family trajectories of parents are reflected in childbearing teenagers, and how socio-economic and family background factors impact these intergenerational correlations. We use within-dyad sequence analysis to examine combined marital and childbearing trajectories, up to age 30, of two generations of a representative sample of childbearing teenagers born between 1975 and 1985 and their progenitors, drawn from the Swedish population register data. We find evidence for within-family persistence of early family trajectories, with better matches across family state sequences for dyads composed of childbearing teenagers and their parents, than for dyads composed of childbearing teenagers and parents of random birth cohort peers. Regression analysis shows that these intergenerational associations are stronger and occur among later-born siblings from non-traditional family backgrounds, and among families with lower socio-economic backgrounds. This study fills gaps in the knowledge of intergenerational family life course dynamics beyond the early parenthood event.
The visual vernacular: embracing photographs in research
Authors: Cleland Jennifer , MacLeod Anna 
Published: June 2021

The increasing use of digital images for communication and interaction in everyday life can give a new lease of life to photographs in research. In contexts where smartphones are ubiquitous and many people are “digital natives”, asking participants to share and engage with photographs aligns with their everyday activities and norms more than textual or analogue approaches to data collection. Thus, it is time to consider fully the opportunities afforded by digital images and photographs for research purposes. This paper joins a long-standing conversation in the social science literature to move beyond the “linguistic imperialism” of text and embrace visual methodologies. Our aim is to explain the photograph as qualitative data and introduce different ways of using still images/photographs for qualitative research purposes in health professions education (HPE) research: photo-documentation, photo-elicitation and photovoice, as well as use of existing images. We discuss the strengths of photographs in research, particularly in participatory research inquiry. We consider ethical and philosophical challenges associated with photography research, specifically issues of power, informed consent, confidentiality, dignity, ambiguity and censorship. We outline approaches to analysing photographs. We propose some applications and opportunities for photographs in HPE, before concluding that using photographs opens up new vistas of research possibilities.
Optimal control of system governed by nonlinear volterra integral and fractional derivative equations
Authors: Moradi Leila , Conte Dajana , Farsimadan Eslam , Palmieri Francesco , Paternoster Beatrice 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis work presents a novel formulation for the numerical solution of optimal control problems related to nonlinear Volterra fractional integral equations systems. A spectral approach is implemented based on the new polynomials known as Chelyshkov polynomials. First, the properties of these polynomials are studied to solve the aforementioned problems. The operational matrices and the Galerkin method are used to discretize the continuous optimal control problems. Thereafter, some necessary conditions are defined according to which the optimal solutions of discrete problems converge to the optimal solution of the continuous ones. The applicability of the proposed approach has been illustrated through several examples. In addition, a comparison is made with other methods for showing the accuracy of the proposed one, resulting also in an improved efficiency.
A multicenter survey of current practices of 99mTc-methoxy-isobutyl-isonitrile (MIBI) imaging for the diagnosis of thyroid nodules: more standardization is essential
Authors: Schenke Simone Agnes , Campenni Alfredo , Tuncel Murat , Piccardo Arnoldo , Sager Sait , Bogovic Crncic Tatjana , Rozic Damir , Goerges Rainer , Özcan Kara Pinar Pelin , Groener Daniel , Hautzel Hubertus , Klett Rigobert , Kreissl Michael Christoph , Giovanella Luca 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Molecular imaging with 99mTc-methoxy-isobutyl-isonitrile (99mTc-MIBI, MIBI) has been used in the assessment of thyroid nodules (TNs) for more than two decades. Many studies showed that MIBI imaging is a suitable tool to rule-out malignancy when negative. However, relatively low specificity and accuracy have been described, thus, limiting its acceptance in clinical practice. Additionally, different technologies, protocols, and interpretation criteria are adopted accounting for heterogeneous data reported in the literature. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to assess the clinical use and methodology of MIBI imaging in patients with nodular thyroid disease in Europe.

Methods
A questionnaire was sent to 12 European centers of Nuclear Medicine. The questionnaire encompassed ultrasound (US) and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) procedures and their evaluation as well scintigraphy imaging indications, technical procedures, and interpretation criteria of MIBI imaging.

Results
The survey showed a good agreement of different centers in approaching TNs by TSH measurement, US evaluation and 99mTc-pertechnetate thyroid scintigraphy. MIBI imaging is mainly used to assess TNs with inconclusive/indeterminate cytological findings and selection of target nodule(s) for FNAC in patients with multi-nodular goiter. Technical procedures adopted in different centers are globally comparable and the recorded differences are unlikely to impact clinical results. However, as the main result of the present study, substantial differences were found in interpretation criteria adopted in different centers.

Conclusions
Our survey supports the urgent need of standardized interpretation criteria of thyroid MIBI imaging in order to improve its diagnostic performance and make results comparable in clinical practice.
Orthorexia Nervosa and its association with obsessive–compulsive disorder symptoms: initial cross-cultural comparison between Polish and Italian university students
Authors: Brytek-Matera Anna , Pardini Susanna , Modrzejewska Justyna , Modrzejewska Adriana , Szymańska Paulina , Czepczor-Bernat Kamila , Novara Caterina 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
There is limited evidence of a link between Orthorexia Nervosa (ON) and Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (OCD), and no definitive conclusions can be drawn. The interplay between socio-cultural context and ON has been poorly investigated as well. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were: (1) to investigate the differences in ON and OCD symptoms and (2) to assess the relationship between ON and OCD symptoms among university students. Six hundred and sixty-six university students participated in the present study: 286 from Poland and 320 from Italy. No age, gender and marital status differences were identified between two samples of university students. However, on average, Polish university students had a higher Body Mass Index than Italian ones. Our findings showed that Polish students present more problems related to obsessive symptomatology, core beliefs of OCD, perfectionism traits, and a major ON symptomatology than Italian ones. Also, Polish students with a higher level of ON exhibited higher levels of OCD symptoms and parental expectations/parental criticism. While Italian students with a higher level of ON showed higher levels of perfectionism features (organization and concern over mistakes). In general, correlations were low as confirmation of partial independence ON from OCD symptoms and core beliefs of OCD in both Polish and Italian university students. The present results highlight a need for further investigation of the correlates of ON across different cultural groups. Future research may screen individuals with ON to determine the comorbidity between ON and OCD symptomology to facilitate appropriate treatment choices.

Level of evidence
Level V, Opinions of respected authorities, based on descriptive studies, narrative reviews, clinical experience, or reports of expert committees.
Hybrid evolutionary optimization for takeaway order selection and delivery path planning utilizing habit data
Authors: Zhang Min-Xia , Wu Jia-Yu , Wu Xue , Zheng Yu-Jun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe last years have seen a rapid growth of the takeaway delivery market, which has provided a lot of jobs for deliverymen. However, increasing numbers of takeaway orders and the corresponding pickup and service points have made order selection and path planning a key challenging problem to deliverymen. In this paper, we present a problem integrating order selection and delivery path planning for deliverymen, the objective of which is to maximize the revenue per unit time subject to maximum delivery path length, overdue penalty, reward/penalty for large/small number of orders, and high customer scoring reward. Particularly, we consider uncertain order ready time and customer satisfaction level, which are estimated based on historical habit data of stores and customers using a machine-learning approach. To efficiently solve this problem, we propose a hybrid evolutionary algorithm, which adapts the water wave optimization (WWO) metaheuristic to evolve solutions to the main order selection problem and employs tabu search to route the delivery path for each order selection solution. Experimental results on test instances constructed based on real food delivery application data demonstrate the performance advantages of the proposed algorithm compared to a set of popular metaheuristic optimization algorithms.
Potential of a Non-linear Full-Waveform Stacking Technique in Airborne LiDAR Bathymetry
Authors: Mader David , Richter Katja , Westfeld Patrick , Maas Hans-Gerd 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAirborne LiDAR bathymetry is an efficient measurement method for area-wide acquisition of water bottom topography in shallow water areas. However, the method has a limited penetration depth into water bodies due to water turbidity. This affects the accuracy and reliability of the determination of water bottom points in waters with high turbidity or larger water depths. Furthermore, the coverage of the water bottom topography is also limited. In this contribution, advanced processing methods are presented with the goal of increasing the evaluable water depth, resulting in an improved coverage of the water bottom by measurement points. The methodology moves away from isolated evaluation of individual signals to a determination of water bottom echoes, taking into account information from closely adjacent measurements, assuming that these have similar or correlated characteristics. The basic idea of the new processing approach is the combination of closely adjacent full-waveform data using full-waveform stacking techniques. In contrast to established waveform stacking techniques, we do not apply averaging, which entails low-pass filtering effects, but a modified majority voting technique. This has the effect of amplification of repeating weak characteristics and an improvement of the signal-noise-ratio. As a consequence, it is possible to detect water bottom points that cannot be detected by standard methods. The results confirm an increased penetration water depth by about 27% with a high reliability of the additionally extracted water bottom points along with a larger coverage of the water bottom topography.