bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GABA administration improves liver function and insulin resistance in offspring of type 2 diabetic rats
Authors: Hosseini Dastgerdi Azadehalsadat , Sharifi Mohammadreza , Soltani Nepton 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the role of GABA in attenuating liver insulin resistance (IR) in type 2 diabetes parents and reducing its risk in their descendants’ liver. Both sexes’ rats were divided into four groups of non-diabetic control, diabetic control (DC), GABA-treated (GABA), and insulin-treated (Ins). The study duration lasted for six months and the young animals followed for four months. Consequently, hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp was performed for all animals. Apart from insulin tolerance test (ITT), serum and liver lipid profile were measured in all groups. Glycogen levels, expression of Foxo1, Irs2, Akt2, and Pepck genes in the liver were assessed for all groups. Overall, GABA improved ITT, increased liver glycogen levels and decreased lipid profile, blood glucose level, and HbA1c in parents and their offspring in compared to the DC group. GIR also increased in both parents and their offspring by GABA. Moreover, the expression of Foxo1, Irs2, Akt2, and Pepck genes improved in GABA-treated parents and their descendants in compared to DC group. Results indicated that GABA reduced liver IR in both parents and their offspring via affecting their liver insulin signaling and gluconeogenesis pathways.
Anti-inflammatory effect of gold nanoparticles supported on metal oxides
Authors: Fujita Takashi , Zysman Maeva , Elgrabli Dan , Murayama Toru , Haruta Masatake , Lanone Sophie , Ishida Tamao , Boczkowski Jorge 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGold (Au) can be deposited as nanoparticles (NPs) smaller than 10 nm in diameter on a variety of metal oxide (MOx) NPs. Au/MOx have high catalytic performance and selective oxidation capacity which could have implications in terms of biological activity, and more specifically in modulation of the inflammatory reaction. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of Au/TiO2, Au/ZrO2 and Au/CeO2 on viability, phagocytic capacity and inflammatory profile (TNF-α and IL-1β secretion) of murine macrophages. The most important result of this study is an anti-inflammatory effect of Au/MOx depending on the MOx nature with particle internalization and no alteration of cell viability and phagocytosis. The effect was dependent on the MOx NPs chemical nature (Au/TiO2 > Au/ZrO2 > Au/CeO2 if we consider the number of cytokines whose concentration was reduced by the NPs), and on the inflammatory mediator considered. The effect of Au/TiO2 NPs was not related to Au NPs size (at least in the case of Au/TiO2 NPs in the range of 3–8 nm). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of an anti-inflammatory effect of Au/MOx.
Video encryption/compression using compressive coded rotating mirror camera
Authors: Matin Amir , Wang Xu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCompressive coded rotating mirror (CCRM) camera is a novel high-speed imaging system that operates under amplitude optical encoding and frame sweeping modalities in a passive imaging mode that is capable of reconstructing 1400 frames from a single shot image acquisition and achieves the highest compression ratio of 368 compared to the other compressive sensing (CS) based single-shot imaging modalities. The integrated optical encoding and compression adds a strong layer of encryption on the observed data and facilitates the integration of the CCRM camera with the imaging applications that require highly efficient data encryption and compression due to capturing highly sensitive data or limited transmission and storage capacities. CCRM uses amplitude encoding that significantly extends the key space where the probability of having the exact encoder pattern is estimated as$$P\left( A\right) \ =\ 1/{10}^{122,500}$$PA=1/10122,500, hence drastically reducing the possibility of data recovery in a brute force manner. Data reconstruction is achieved under CS based algorithms where the obtained amplitude-based pattern from optical encoder operates as the key in the recovery process. Reconstruction on the experimental as well as the synthetic data at various compression ratios demonstrate that the estimated key with less than 95$$\%$$%matching elements were unable to recover the data where the achieved averaged structural similarity (SSIM) of 0.25 before 95$$\%$$%encoder similarity and 0.85 SSIM at 100$$\%$$%encoder similarity demonstrates the high-sensitivity of the proposed optical encryption technique.
Inhibition of SYK and cSrc kinases can protect bone and cartilage in preclinical models of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Novikov F. N. , Panova M. V. , Titov I. Y. , Stroylov V. S. , Stroganov O. V. , Chilov G. G. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe pathophysiology of osteoarthritis (OA) includes the destruction of subchondral bone tissue and inflammation of the synovium. Thus, an effective disease-modifying treatment should act on both of these pathogenetic components. It is known that cSrc kinase is involved in bone and cartilage remodeling, and SYK kinase is associated with the inflammatory component. Thus the aim of this study was to characterize the mechanism of action and efficacy of a small molecule multikinase inhibitor MT-SYK-03 targeting SYK and cSrc kinases among others in different in vitro and in vivo arthritis models. The selectivity of MT-SYK-03 kinase inhibition was assayed on a panel of 341 kinases. The compound was evaluated in a set of in vitro models of OA and in vivo OA and RA models: surgically-induced arthritis (SIA), monosodium iodoacetate-induced arthritis (MIA), collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA). MT-SYK-03 inhibited cSrc and SYK with IC50 of 14.2 and 23 nM respectively. Only five kinases were inhibited > 90% at 500 nM of MT-SYK-03. In in vitro OA models MT-SYK-03 reduced hypertrophic changes of chondrocytes, bone resorption, and inhibited SYK-mediated inflammatory signaling. MT-SYK-03 showed preferential distribution to joint and bone tissue (in rats) and revealed disease-modifying activity in vivo by halving the depth of cartilage erosion in rat SIA model, and increasing the pain threshold in rat MIA model. Chondroprotective and antiresorptive effects were shown in a monotherapy regime and in combination with methotrexate (MTX) in murine and rat CIA models; an immune-mediated inflammation in rat AIA model was decreased. The obtained preclinical data support inhibition of cSrc and SYK as a viable strategy for disease-modifying treatment of OA. A Phase 2 clinical study of MT-SYK-03 is to be started.
Seasonal variation of dry and wet islands in Beijing considering urban artificial water dissipation
Authors: Luo Zhuoran , Liu Jiahong , Zhang Yongxiang , Zhou Jinjun , Shao Weiwei , Yu Yingdong , Jia Ruitao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUrbanization has resulted in dry/wet island effects in built-up areas. Compared to the limited number of observational datasets, simulations can provide data with richer spatial distribution, thereby proving to be more helpful for revealing the spatial distribution of dry/wet islands. This study simulated dry/wet island effects during typical summer and winter conditions in Beijing by coupling the Artificial Water Dissipation Urban Canopy Model with the Weather Research and Forecasting model. Observations of relative humidity, absolute humidity, and temperature from weather stations in Beijing were used to verify the model. The results showed that in 2020, Beijing was prone to be a dry island during summer, with the relative humidity approximately 5–10% lower than the surrounding suburbs. The dry island effect was not obvious in winter, and Beijing tended to be a wet island. The influence of artificial water dissipation on dry/wet islands is higher in winter than in summer. By considering the water vapor from artificial water dissipation, humidity in urban areas can be simulated more accurately.
Infrared nanoscopy and tomography of intracellular structures
Authors: Kanevche Katerina , Burr David J. , Nürnberg Dennis J. , Hass Pascal K. , Elsaesser Andreas , Heberle Joachim 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlthough techniques such as fluorescence-based super-resolution imaging or confocal microscopy simultaneously gather both morphological and chemical data, these techniques often rely on the use of localized and chemically specific markers. To eliminate this flaw, we have developed a method of examining cellular cross sections using the imaging power of scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy at a spatial resolution far beyond the diffraction limit. Herewith, nanoscale surface and volumetric chemical imaging is performed using the intrinsic contrast generated by the characteristic absorption of mid-infrared radiation by the covalent bonds. We employ infrared nanoscopy to study the subcellular structures of eukaryotic (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) and prokaryotic (Escherichia coli) species, revealing chemically distinct regions within each cell such as the microtubular structure of the flagellum. Serial 100 nm-thick cellular cross-sections were compiled into a tomogram yielding a three-dimensional infrared image of subcellular structure distribution at 20 nm resolution. The presented methodology is able to image biological samples complementing current fluorescence nanoscopy but at less interference due to the low energy of infrared radiation and the absence of labeling.
Staphylococcus aureus injection drug use-associated bloodstream infections are propagated by community outbreaks of diverse lineages
Authors: Marks Laura R. , Calix Juan J. , Wildenthal John A. , Wallace Meghan A. , Sawhney Sanjam S. , Ransom Eric M. , Durkin Michael J. , Henderson Jeffrey P. , Burnham Carey-Ann D. , Dantas Gautam 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
The ongoing injection drug use (IDU) crisis in the United States has been complicated by an emerging epidemic of Staphylococcus aureus IDU-associated bloodstream infections (IDU-BSI).

Methods
We performed a case-control study comparing S. aureus IDU-BSI and non-IDU BSI cases identified in a large US Midwestern academic medical center between Jan 1, 2016 and Dec 21, 2019. We obtained the whole-genome sequences of 154 S. aureus IDU-BSI and 91 S. aureus non-IDU BSI cases, which were matched with clinical data. We performed phylogenetic and comparative genomic analyses to investigate clonal expansion of lineages and molecular features characteristic of IDU-BSI isolates.

Results
Here we show that patients with IDU-BSI experience longer durations of bacteremia and have lower medical therapy completion rates. In phylogenetic analyses, 45/154 and 1/91 contemporaneous IDU-BSI and non-IDU BSI staphylococcal isolates, respectively, group into multiple, unique clonal clusters, revealing that pathogen community transmission distinctively spurs IDU-BSI. Lastly, multiple S. aureus lineages deficient in canonical virulence genes are overrepresented among IDU-BSI, which may contribute to the distinguishable clinical presentation of IDU-BSI cases.

Conclusions
We identify clonal expansion of multiple S. aureus lineages among IDU-BSI isolates, but not non-IDU BSI isolates, in a community with limited access to needle exchange facilities. In the setting of expanding numbers of staphylococcal IDU-BSI cases consideration should be given to treating IDU-associated invasive staphylococcal infections as a communicable disease.
Organocatalytic synthesis of (Het)biaryl scaffolds via photoinduced intra/intermolecular C(sp2)–H arylation by 2-pyridone derivatives
Authors: Das Tapas Kumar , Kundu Mrinalkanti , Mondal Biswajit , Ghosh Prasanjit , Das Sajal 
Published: November 2021

A unique N,O-bidentate ligand 6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-pyridone-2-carboxylic acid dimethylamide (L1) catalyzed direct C(sp2)–H arylation of unactivated arenes has been developed to expedite access to (Het)biaryl scaffolds under UV-irradiation.
Kognitive Fähigkeiten von Kindern mit Defiziten in der Sprachentwicklung – Ergebnisse zur WPPSI-IV
Authors: Fiedler Sören , Walter Franziska , Krüger Nina , Daseking Monika 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungIn dieser Case-Control-Studie wurden kognitive Leistungen (WPPSI-IV) von Vorschulkindern mit rezeptiven und/oder expressiven Sprachdefiziten mit den Leistungen einer nach Alter, Geschlecht gematchten sprachunauffälligen Kontrollgruppe verglichen (N = 186).Insbesondere die sprachbezogenen Indizes sowie umgebungsbedingte Faktoren, wie mütterlicher Bildungshintergrund und Mehrsprachigkeit, werden in der Teilstichprobe der sprachbeeinträchtigten Kinder exploriert.Jeweils die Leistungen der beiden Gruppen im Sprachverständnis, Wortschatzerwerb, Allgemeinen Fähigkeitsindex und Gesamt-IQ unterscheiden sich signifikant mit kleinen bis mittleren Effekten voneinander.Signifikante Unterschiede der sprachbezogenen Indizes in Abhängigkeit des mütterlichen Bildungsniveaus und der Ein-/Mehrsprachigkeit der Kinder verweisen auf die hohe Bedeutung der häuslichen Umgebung für die Sprachentwicklung. Praktische Implikationen bezüglich des Einsatzes der WPPSI-IV bei sprachbeeinträchtigen Kindern werden erörtert.
Interstitielle Zystitis: Was gibt es Neues zur Ätiopathogenese?
Authors: Gonsior Andreas , Neuhaus Jochen 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungNeue Erkenntnisse bringen Fortschritte in das Verständnis der komplizierten Ätiopathogenese
der Interstitiellen Zystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrom (IC/BPS), deren Kausalitäten bisher nur in
Fragmenten entschlüsselt wurden. Dabei zeigt sich ein immer komplexeres Netzwerk von
Pathomechanismen, in denen die oft genannten Mastzellen und Urothelveränderungen nur ein
Fragment der pathologischen Veränderungen zu sein scheinen. Neueste Erkenntnisse für eine
mögliche genetische und epigenetische Veranlagung basieren auf Stammbaumanalysen, Nachweisen
von Einzelnukleotid-Polymorphismen und eindeutigen Veränderungen bei Differentiell
Exprimierten Genen. Multiple Veränderungen lassen sich auf molekularer Ebene nachweisen. Der
Plättchenaktivierende Faktor, VEGF, das Corticotropin Releasing Hormone und das Inflammasom
sind wichtige Player im Verständnis der Erkrankung. Der Pathomechanismus der „Aktivierung“ der
IC/BPS bleibt immer noch ungeklärt. Neue Ansatzpunkte könnten Virusnachweise (Epstein-Barr
Virus, BK Polyomaviren) oder bakterielle Entzündungen durch in Standardkulturen nicht
nachweisbaren Erregern geben.
Liquid Embolics: A Guide to Currently Available and Pipeline Products
Authors: Young Shamar , Gasparetto Alessandro , Golzarian Jafar 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOver the last decade, several publications have reported the safety and efficacy of liquid embolics in a wide range of clinical indications. The expansion of clinical scenarios in which liquid embolics are utilized has been in part driven by some of the advantages these materials hold over other embolic agents. For instance, liquid embolics do not rely on the patient's ability to form clot and can be delivered more distally then coils at times. While several liquid embolics are commercially available, and in some cases have been for decades, there are limitations to these materials as well. The potential benefits of liquid embolics combined with the limitations of available materials have led to the ongoing development of several new agents. This review aims to familiarize the reader with both available liquid embolics and those that are relatively new or in development.
Alcohol availability and prevalent
Authors: Bingham Amie L. , De Silva Anurika P. , Vaisey Alaina M. , Temple-Smith Meredith J. , Spark Simone Y. , Hocking Jane S. 
Published: November 2021

Background Prevalence of sexually transmissible infections (STIs) has been associated with availability of alcohol. This paper investigates potential associations between prevalent cases of chlamydia in young people in Australia and the availability of alcohol within their local area, defined as postcode of residence. Methods Alcohol availability was determined at the postcode level using liquor licensing data, classified as total number of licences, number of ‘take-away’ licences and number of licenses by population. Participant data were drawn from a survey targeting Australians aged 16–29 years in rural and regional Australia, capturing demographic details including postcode of residence, indicators of sexual behaviour including condom use and chlamydia test results. Mixed-effects logistic regression was used to examine potential associations between first, alcohol availability and chlamydia, and second, between condom use and chlamydia. Results We found little evidence of associations between alcohol availability and chlamydia in either unadjusted or adjusted models. After adjusting for alcohol availability, we observed significant associations between inconsistent condom use and chlamydia prevalence, whether alcohol availability was measured as total number (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.20; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20, 3.70), number of take-away licenses (AOR 2.19; 95% CI 1.30, 3.69) or licenses per 1000 population (AOR 2.19; 95% CI 1.30, 3.68). Conclusion Little evidence of association between alcohol availability and chlamydia at the postcode level was found. Further research is required to determine appropriate measures of ‘local area’ and how characteristics thereof may impact on sexual health.
The use of questions posed by professors in English and Montenegrin academic lectures
Authors: Živković Branka 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlthough questions are considered as important linguistic devices employed by lecturers to communicate facts and ideas to students and facilitate the learning process, they have not been a topic of extensive research. With that in mind, this paper explores the types and functions of questions asked by British and Montenegrin lecturers. It examines similarities and differences between two corpora – standard British academic corpora and a specially created corpus of Montenegrin lectures. Both quantitative and qualitative methodologies were used to conduct a contrastive analysis of lecturers’ questions. The results demonstrate that the differences in frequency, forms and functions of questions prevail over the similarities, which could be the impact of two different linguistic backgrounds and national academic cultures. The findings of this study could be useful in designing lecture-listening and note-taking courses for students in which they can get familiar with the forms and purpose of questions posed by professors. Research findings could be applied in training courses for novice lecturers and might also be useful to professors who give lectures to students with diverse linguistic backgrounds.
Opioid use during Pregnancy: An Analysis of Comment Data from the 2016 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System Survey
Authors: O'Connor Megan , Czarnik Michaila , Morrow Brian , D'Angelo Denise 
Published: November 2021

ABTSTRACT Background: Opioid misuse during pregnancy has been associated with adverse infant outcomes including preterm birth, stillbirth, and neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome. The Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) is an on-going state-based surveillance system of maternal behaviors, attitudes, and experiences prior to, during, and after pregnancy. Methods: We analyzed qualitative comments related to opioid use during pregnancy collected in 2016 from an open-ended prompt at the end of the PRAMS survey in 35 states ( N = 40,408). Key word searches were conducted on the open-ended responses ( n = 9,549) to identify opioid-related content with an automated function using Microsoft Excel. All responses from the initial screening ( n = 1,035) were manually reviewed, and 69 responses were confirmed to relate to the respondent's personal experience with opioid use during pregnancy. Content analysis was conducted by 3 independent coders; key themes were compiled, discussed, and finalized by the coding team. Results: Five key themes related to opioid use during pregnancy were identified: (1) gratitude for treatment, recovery, and healthy infants; (2) pregnancy as motivation to seek treatment; (3) difficulty finding prenatal care providers with training in substance use disorders; (4) concern about the effects of treatment on the infant; and (5) experiences of discrimination and stigma in the hospital around the time of delivery. Conclusions: Women may be aware of the potential impact of opioid use during pregnancy on the health of their infants and motivated to seek treatment. Findings may help inform new and ongoing initiatives designed to improve care and reduce stigma for women needing or seeking treatment.
Life history consequences of miniaturization in turtles: evidence from the subfamily Kinosterninae (Testudines: Kinosternidae)
Authors: Heston Lark , Meylan Peter , Goessling Jeffrey M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A miniaturized species is one that has endured ecological, physiological or life history costs due to small size and has implemented discrete strategies to compensate for those costs. We studied the impact of small size on the reproductive biology of the miniaturized turtle, Sternotherus minor (Kinosternidae: Kinosterninae), by exploring two alternative hypotheses that explain within-clutch trade-offs: the Optimal Egg Size Theory (OEST) and the Morphological Constraint Hypothesis (MCH). Female S. minor in this study showed a combination of reproductive parameters that support both the MCH and the OEST. Small individuals follow the MCH and larger individuals follow the OEST, fitting the previously proposed ‘threshold size-constrained’ model of egg size to female size. The large proportion of suboptimally-sized eggs (31.1%) produced in our study population is evidence that a novel strategy that compensates for very small size exists in this kinosternine turtle. Early reproduction in our study population, as well as a mobile plastron made up of a reduced number of bones and scutes in all members of this subfamily, is strong evidence of paedomorphosis, a frequent consequence of miniaturization. Re-examination of reproduction in other kinosternines will further test how this life history strategy facilitated miniaturization in testudines.
Preparation of fatty acid solutions exerts significant impact on experimental outcomes in cell culture models of lipotoxicity
Authors: Römer Axel , Rawat Divya , Linn Thomas , Petry Sebastian F 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Free fatty acids are essentially involved in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular disease. They promote mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, respiratory chain uncoupling, and endoplasmic reticulum stress and modulate stress-sensitive pathways. These detrimental biological effects summarized as lipotoxicity mainly depend on fatty acid carbon chain length, degree of unsaturation, concentration, and treatment time. Preparation of fatty acid solutions involves dissolving and complexing. Solvent toxicity and concentration, amount of bovine serum albumin (BSA), and ratio of albumin to fatty acids can vary significantly between equal concentrations, mediating considerable harmful effects and/or interference with certain assays such as 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). Herein, we studied the impact of commonly used solvents ethanol and dimethyl sulfoxide and varying concentrations of BSA directly and in solution with oleic acid on MTT to formazan conversion, adenosine triphosphate level, and insulin content and secretion of murine β-cell line MIN6 employing different treatment duration. Our data show that experimental outcomes and assay readouts can be significantly affected by mere preparation of fatty acid solutions and should thus be carefully considered and described in detail to ensure comparability and distinct evaluation of data.