bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant removal across an elevational gradient marginally reduces rates, substantially reduces variation in mineralization
Authors: Rewcastle Kenna E. , Henning Jeremiah A. , Read Quentin D. , Irwin Rebecca E. , Sanders Nathan J. , Classen Aimée T. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe loss of aboveground plant diversity alters belowground ecosystem function; yet, the mechanisms underpinning this relationship and the degree to which plant community structure and climate mediate the effects of plant species loss remain unclear. Here, we explored how plant species loss through experimental removal shaped belowground function in ecosystems characterized by different climatic regimes and edaphic properties. We measured plant community composition as well as potential carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) mineralization and microbial extracellular enzyme activity in soils collected from four unique plant removal experiments located along an elevational gradient in Colorado, USA. We found that, regardless of the identity of the removed species or the climate at each site, plant removal decreased the absolute variation in potential N mineralization rates and marginally reduced the magnitude of N mineralization rates. While plant species removal also marginally reduced C mineralization rates, C mineralization, unlike N mineralization, displayed sensitivity to the climatic and edaphic differences among sites, where C mineralization was greatest at the high elevation site that receives the most precipitation annually and contains the largest soil total C pool. Plant removal had little impact on soil enzyme activity. Removal effects were not contingent on the amount of biomass removed annually, and shifts in mineralization rates occurred despite only marginal shifts in plant community structure following plant species removal. Our results present a surprisingly simple and consistent pattern of belowground response to the loss of dominant plant species across an elevational gradient with different climatic and edaphic properties, suggesting a common response of belowground ecosystem function to plant species loss regardless of which plant species are lost or the broader climatic context.
Revealing cryptic interactions between large mammalian herbivores and plant‐dwelling arthropods via DNA metabarcoding
Authors: Berman Tali S. , Inbar Moshe 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn the past decade, it has become clear that omnivory, feeding on more than one trophic level, is important in natural and agricultural systems. Large mammalian herbivores (LMH) frequently encounter plant‐dwelling arthropods (PDA) on their food plants. Yet, ingestion of PDA by LMH is only rarely addressed and the extent of this direct trophic interaction, especially at the PDA community level, remains unknown. Using a DNA‐metabarcoding analysis on feces of free‐ranging cattle from a replicated field experiment of heavily and moderately grazed paddocks, we reveal that feeding cattle (incidentally) ingest an entire food chain of PDA including herbivores, predators and parasites. Overall, 25 families of insects and four families of arachnids were ingested, a pattern that varied over the season, but not with grazing intensity. We identified the functional groups of PDA vulnerable to ingestion, such as sessile species and immature life stages. Most of the fecal samples (76%) contained sequences belonging to PDA, indicating that direct interactions are frequent. This study highlights the complex trophic connections between LMH and PDA. It may even be appropriate to consider LMH as omnivorous enemies of PDA.
Conspecific leaf litter induces negative feedbacks in Asteraceae seedlings
Authors: Zaret Max M. , Bauer Jonathan T. , Clay Keith , Whitaker Briana K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe plant soil feedback (PSF) framework has been instrumental in understanding the impacts of soil microbes on plant fitness and species coexistence. PSFs develop when soil microbial communities are altered due to the identity and density of a particular plant species, which can then enhance or inhibit the local survival and growth of that plant species as well as different plant species. The recent extension of the PSF framework to aboveground microbiota, termed here as plant phyllosphere feedbacks (PPFs), can also help to determine the impact of aboveground microbes on plant fitness and species interactions. However, experimental tests of PPFs during early plant growth are nascent and the prevalence of PPFs across diverse plant species remains unknown. Additionally, it is unclear whether plant host characteristics, such as functional traits or phylogenetic distance, may help to predict the strength and direction of PPFs. To test for the prevalence of litter‐mediated PPFs, recently senesced plant litter from 10 native Asteraceae species spanning a range of life history strategies was used to inoculate seedlings of both conspecific and heterospecific species. We found that exposure to conspecific litter significantly reduced the growth of four species relative to exposure to heterospecific litter (i.e., significant negative PPFs), three species experienced marginally significant negative PPFs, and the PPF estimates for all 10 species were negative. However, neither plant functional traits, nor phylogenetic distance were predictive of litter feedbacks across plant species pairs, suggesting that other mechanisms or traits not measured may be driving conspecific negative PPFs. Our results indicate that negative, litter‐mediated PPFs are common among native Asteraceae species and that they may have substantial impacts on plant growth and plant species interactions, particularly during early plant growth.
Position sensorless starting method for IPMSMs by all‐pass filters
Authors: Fujita Kazuki , Hasegawa Masaru 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes the starting method for position sensorless controlled interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs) by using all‐pass filters. The starting of IPMSM position sensorless control is well known to be extremely difficult due to the lack of electromotive information. Therefore, IPMSM is often started and accelerated with the high‐frequency signal injection in general, and then, the control algorithm is switched to position sensorless control without high‐frequency injection in middle speed region. However, the acoustic noise due to high‐frequency signal injection would occur, and the switching of control methods would cause some bumps. For this reason, IPMSM is desirable to be driven from the start to the steady state without high‐frequency signal injection.This paper realizes to start the position sensorless controlled IPMSM without high‐frequency signal injection by allpass filter with the assistance of the appropriate initial vector setting of each controller, under the assumption that the high‐frequency signal injection is used only at standstill. Finally, this paper experimentally demonstrates the feasibility and the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Longitudinal outcome evaluations of Interdisciplinary Multimodal Pain Treatment programmes for patients with chronic primary musculoskeletal pain: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Elbers Stefan , Wittink Harriët , Konings Sophie , Kaiser Ulrike , Kleijnen Jos , Pool Jan , Köke Albère , Smeets Rob 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesAlthough Interdisciplinary Multimodal Pain Treatment (IMPT) programmes share a biopsychosocial approach to increase the wellbeing of patients with chronic pain, substantial variation in content and duration have been reported. In addition, it is unclear to what extent any favourable health outcomes are maintained over time. Therefore, our first aim was to identify and analyse the change over time of patient‐related outcome measures in cohorts of patients who participated in IMPT programmes. Our second aim was to acquire insight into the heterogeneity of IMPT programmes.Databases and data treatmentThe study protocol was registered in Prospero under CRD42018076093. We searched Medline, Embase, PsycInfo and Cinahl from inception to May 2020. All study selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessments were independently performed by two researchers. Study cohorts were eligible if they included adult patients with chronic primary musculoskeletal pain for at least 3 months. We assessed the change over time, by calculating pre‐post, post‐follow‐up and pre‐follow‐up contrasts for seven different patient‐reported outcome domains. To explore the variability between the IMPT programmes, we summarized the patient characteristics and treatment programmes using the intervention description and replication checklist.ResultsThe majority of the 72 included patient cohorts significantly improved during treatment. Importantly, this improvement was generally maintained at follow‐up. In line with our expectations and with previous studies, we observed substantial methodological and statistical heterogeneity.ConclusionsThis study shows that participation in an IMPT programme is associated with considerable improvements in wellbeing that are generally maintained at follow‐up. The current study also found substantial heterogeneity in dose and treatment content, which suggests different viewpoints on how to optimally design an IMPT programme.SignificanceThe current study provides insight into the different existing approaches regarding the dose and content of IMPT programs. This analysis contributes to an increased understanding of the various approaches by which a biopsychosocial perspective on chronic pain can be translated to treatment programs. Furthermore, despite theoretical and empirical assertions regarding the difficulty to maintain newly learned health behaviors over time, the longitudinal analysis of health outcomes did not find a relapse pattern for patients who participated in IMPT programs
Developing a two‐stage stochastic programming model in tolerance optimization using a guard band approach
Authors: Krenek Russell 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAn alternative way of looking at tolerance optimization is presented through a stochastic perspective by accounting for both manufacturing process uncertainty as well as uncertain market conditions. This can be accomplished by looking at a two‐stage stochastic programming model where the decision maker takes a course of action in the first stage, such as setting the product selling prices based on product quality, after which a random event occurs, leading to a recourse decision in the second stage. Production processes face uncertainties which impact product characteristics. The recourse decisions are the specification limits and upper and lower guard bands are necessary to monitor the process. This leads to the binning of a product based on its quality, uncertain market demand, and uncertain production process. The selling prices, the specification limits and the guard bands are then determined based on these uncertain conditions. The model presented is based on chance‐constrained programming, utilizing sample average approximation methods to solve the problem.
Light‐responsive bilayered hydrogel for freshwater production from surface soil moisture
Authors: Zhang Mengmeng , Wang Huiying , Hou Zaiyan , Chen Qiang , Xie Zhanjun , Zhu Jintao , Xu Jiangping , Zhang Lianbin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe search and the utilization of alternative water resources to produce freshwater are highly important to the water shortage, especially in arid and desert regions. In these areas, the surface soil moisture (SSM) can be a promising water source, whereas its extraction and following release remain challenging. In this study, a light‐responsive bilayered hydrogel (LRBH) is designed to produce freshwater from SSM, which is obtained by the copolymerization of N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and acrylic acid (AA) and in‐situ surface polymerization of polypyrrole (PPy). By careful optimization of the ratio of NIPAM and AA, the water absorption capacity of LRBH is significantly improved with the water absorption of 4.4 g/g even in the sandy soil with an extremely low water content (~3 wt%). The PPy in the top layer of the LRBH can absorb solar light to heat the hydrogel at daytime so that the temperature of the hydrogel can quickly rise above the lower critical solution temperature of LRBH. As a result, the freshwater is quickly expelled from the LRBH. Under simulated solar light irradiation, 68.6% of all absorbed water within LRBH can be released within 20 min. The current study provides an effective and facile strategy for SSM capture and suitable systems for the generation of freshwater in arid or desert regions.image
A modified pulse‐decay approach to simultaneously measure permeability and porosity of tight rocks
Authors: Wang Yue , Nolte Steffen , Tian Zhiguo , Amann‐Hildenbrand Alexandra , Krooss Bernhard , Wang Moran 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPermeability and porosity are the two most important parameters of rocks for the evaluation and exploitation of oil/gas reservoirs. In this study, a modified pulse‐decay method has been developed to measure both permeability and porosity simultaneously. In the present method, the gas pressure in one chamber is changed (increased or decreased) instantaneously and then maintained constant, while the pressure response changing with time in the other one is monitored. A mathematical model of this procedure has been formulated, and a general analytical solution, including the early‐time and late‐time evolutions, has been obtained. The late‐time solution is presented for postprocessing of experimental data, which leads to the simultaneous measurement of permeability and porosity values of tight rocks. Our measurements agree well with those from the classical pulse‐decay and gas expansion methods. Compared with measuring the permeability and porosity separately, the proposed method can reduce the total test time and ensure the permeability and porosity are measured under the same effective stress condition.
An interference alignment scheme based on limited feedback with differentiation in heterogeneous networks
Authors: Li Shibao , Wang Mingyu , Wang Xiaoli , Liu Jianhang , Cui Xuerong , Chen Haihua 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe traditional limited feedback scheme can use imperfect channel state information to achieve interference alignment (IA) in a fully connected situation. But these solutions could no longer be used directly in heterogeneous networks where partial connectivity is considered. To solve this problem, this article proposes an IA scheme based on limited feedback with differentiation for the two‐tiered heterogeneous network. First, users who are affected by different types and numbers of interference and corresponding base stations are divided into different units according to the partial connectivity of heterogeneous networks. Then, we design interference alignment algorithm for each unit separately. Next, considering the imperfect channel state information, we derive the leakage of interference caused by the limited feedback, and give expressions for the upper bound of sum rate loss in various units. Finally, dynamic feedback bit allocation is carried out to each unit with the goal of minimizing the throughput loss in the limited feedback system. The simulation results show that the proposed IA scheme can eliminate interference well and efficiency of limited feedback can be improved through dynamic feedback bit allocation, so that system can obtain higher sum rate than other schemes.
Cu nanoparticles anchored in MIL‐101 metal‐organic frameworks for the selective hydrogenation of CO2‐derived ethylene carbonates
Authors: Lei Ting , Wei Dong , Feng Dongya , Chen Hao , Yue Hairong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Cu‐based catalysts have been widely employed in the hydrogenation of CO2‐derived ethylene carbonate (EC) to ethylene glycol (EG) and other derivatives, but still suffered from some problems such as unsatisfactory selectivity and catalyst stability. Herein, a Cu@MIL‐101 catalyst was prepared via a two‐solvent method to anchor copper (Cu) nanoparticles into the MIL‐101 metal organic frameworks, which exhibited superior catalytic performance with ∼100% conversion, 2‐hydroxyethyl formate (2‐HEF) selectivity of 82% at 160°C, or EG selectivity of ∼92% at 180°C. The characterization results showed that the Cu0 and Cr3+ species play a key role on the dissociation of H2 and activation of C‐O and C=O bonds in the esters, and thus exhibited an excellent catalytic performance of the EC hydrogenation. In addition, the strong interaction between Cu0 species and unsaturated coordination Cr3+ species in the MIL‐101 framework resulted in the high stability. Since the product of methanol was not generated on the Cu@MIL‐101 catalyst, it is valuable to produce 2‐HEF by controlling the temperature of 160°C in the EC hydrogenation rection. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychological risk and protective factors associated with depression among older adults in mainland China: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tang Tan , Jiang Jianling , Tang Xinfeng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough geriatric depression is a public health concern in mainland China, findings about its psychological risk and protective factors have been inconsistent, and its prevention programmes have been deficient. To improve interventions for geriatric depression, we designed a study to systematically estimate the effect size of those factors.MethodsTo identify psychological risk and protective factors of geriatric depression, we conducted two independent literature searches in English‐ and Chinese‐language databases, and we used a random effects model to analyse effect sizes.ResultsWe identified 15 psychological risk and protective factors in 66 studies. The pooled effect sizes between the factors and geriatric depression ranged from 0.129 to 0.567. Self‐esteem displayed a large effect size with depression (r = −0.567), whereas medium‐to‐large effect sizes emerged between geriatric depression and negative perceptions of age (r = 0.452), resilience (r = −0.426), rumination (r = 0.432), neuroticism (r = 0.381), extraversion (r = −0.363), self‐efficacy (r = −0.357), sense of control (r = −0.343), and negative coping strategies (r = 0.315). The sample's mean age, the percentage of women sampled, and the research quality of the studies significantly moderated certain associations.LimitationsLarge heterogeneity, the inexplicability of causal relationships between the factors and geriatric depression, and the lack of generalisability to special groups limit our findings.ConclusionsSelf‐esteem and perceptions of age are potential targets for improving interventions for geriatric depression in mainland China, which should continue to be developed and assessed for their effectiveness.
Omalizumab effectiveness in patients with a previously failed oral immunotherapy for severe milk allergy
Authors: Badina Laura , Belluzzi Beatrice , Contorno Sarah , Bossini Benedetta , Benelli Elisa , Barbi Egidio , Berti Irene 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundSome studies addressed the issue of omalizumab (OML) effectiveness in children starting their first oral immunotherapy (OIT) attempt but no study investigated the possible role of OML in the setting of patients with persisting milk allergy after a failed OIT attempt.MethodsSingle‐center, prospective, observational study in a selected group of patients with a persisting and severe cow milk (CM) allergy associated with moderate allergic asthma, in which a previous OIT attempt had already failed. We performed an open oral food challenge (OFC) to identify patients who tolerated less than 173 mg of cow's milk protein. At the end of the recruitment, we have found four patients with a mean age of 16.25 years (8–24) who had suspended a previous OIT attempt and still reacted to an amount of CM equal or below 173 mg. Enrolled patients, after an 8‐week course of OML along with a CM avoiding diet, underwent again an open OFC with CM to re‐evaluate their threshold. Eventually, a new OIT course was started using the same OIT protocol of the previous attempt, maintaining cotreatment with OML for the first 12 months. For each patient, we documented: the threshold of CM at OFC, level of specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and IgG4 for milk, and quality of life (QoL).ResultsDuring OIT the four patients experienced no reactions or extremely mild ones (oral itching, transient mild abdominal pain). All increased their threshold of CM in OML if compared with the baseline and maintained it long after that biologic therapy had discontinued. Specific milk proteins IgG4 levels significantly increased in all.ConclusionIn this series, OML was effective in patients with severe CM allergy who had previously failed OIT, allowing milk intake without adverse reactions and improving the QoL.
Plastic Scintillators and Radiation Detectors Based on Triphenyl Pyrazoline Derivatives
Authors: Bliznyuk Valery N. , Seliman Ayman F. , Derevyanko Nadezhda A. , Dugan Andrew , Ishchenko Alexander A. , DeVol Timothy A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPlastic scintillators (PS) allow design of portative lightweight devices for quantification of low‐activity radiation sources. We have recently suggested a new type of organic fluorophores based on triphenyl pyrazoline (PZ) derivatives with high fluorescence quantum yield showing high radioluminescence when combined with a polyvinyltoluene (PVT) matrix. In this publication we report on radioluminescence properties of the PZ−X family with various halogen substitution (X=F, Cl, Br, I), or having vinyl functional group (vPZ, X=vinyl). PS based on such fluorophores and PVT matrix can be prepared as bulk samples, micrometer size beads or cladding on optical fibers. Application of fluorophores with vinyl functional groups enabled their enhanced interaction with the matrix due to covalent bonding between the components. We demonstrate high performance of PZ−X fluorophores and especially vPZ fluorophore in fabrication of nanocomposites for detection of various types of radiation. Scintillators have enhanced gamma ray detection capabilities with an addition of triphenyl Bi, or Gd2O3 nanoparticles. High fluorescence quantum yield and luminosity of PZ fluorophores allows dramatical reduction of their content in PS systems. Mechanisms of energy transfer and conversion during scintillation process are discussed. Special consideration is given to enhancement of α/β and neutron/gamma (n/γ) pulse shape discrimination (PSD) function of the developed scintillators.