bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical Analysis of Corneal Cross-linking (Part-II): Resolving the Controversial Issues (Theory versus Measurements)
Authors: Lin Jui-Teng 
Published: September 2021

Aims: To resolve the controversial issues of UV-light-initiated corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) by theoretical formulas and measured clinical outcomes.
Study Design: Analysis and measured data of CXL.
Place and Duration of Study: New Vision Inc, Taipei, between June 2021 and August 2021.
Methodology: The controversial issues are addressed and resolved by analytical formulas including: the validation of Bunsen Roscoe law (BRL), the cutoff light intensity, the minimum corneal thickness, the demarcation line depth, the role of oxygen and riboflavin concentration. The overall CXL efficacy is governed by UV-A light intensity, dose, exposure time, mode of exposure (pulsed or CW), the riboflavin concentration, diffusion and drops pre-operation and interoperation administration, the concentration of oxygen in the stromal tissue (pre-op and inter-op), and environmental conditions. The length of the riboflavin presoaking time and viscosity of the riboflavin film also affect the crosslink depth. Analytic formulas are derived for the scaling laws for type-I and type-II efficacy, given by the square root of light intensity, and light dose, respectively.
Conclusion: The controversial issues of CXL may be partially resolved via analytic formulas, and compared with measurements. The scaling laws of type-I and type-II efficacy are different and given by analytic formulas. Our formulas also predict the maximum light intensity and the minimum corneal thickness, which are consistent with measurements.
Knowledge of nursing professionals about sexual violence against adolescents / Conhecimento dos profissionais de enfermagem sobre a violência sexual contra o adolescente
Authors: Alves Barreto Amanda , Peres Ellen Márcia , Ferraz Gomes Helena , Carvalho Leite Dayana , Ferreira Barreto Pires Bruna Maiara , Da Silva Thiengo Andrade Priscila Cristina 
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: desvelar o conhecimento dos profissionais de enfermagem sobre violência sexual contra o adolescente. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva, utilizando entrevista com perguntas semiestruturadas, realizada em uma enfermaria especializada em saúde do adolescente no Rio de Janeiro, no período de maio a agosto de 2018, com 17 profissionais de enfermagem. Resultados: Emergiram duas categorias temáticas relacionadas com a compreensão da violência sexual contra o adolescente e, as ações e condutas profissionais diante da violência sexual contra o adolescente. Conclusão: Conclui-se que há uma necessidade de capacitação dos profissionais de enfermagem relacionada a violência sexual contra o adolescente em decorrência da falta de conhecimento mais denso sobre a temática.
Probing DNA ‐ Transcription Factor Interactions Using Single‐Molecule Fluorescence Detection in Nanofluidic Devices
Authors: Fontana Mattia , Ivanovaitė Šarunė , Lindhoud Simon , van der Wijk Elmar , Mathwig Klaus , Berg Willy van den , Weijers Dolf , Hohlbein Johannes 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSingle‐molecule fluorescence detection offers powerful ways to study biomolecules and their complex interactions. Here, nanofluidic devices and camera‐based, single‐molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) detection are combined to study the interactions between plant transcription factors of the auxin response factor (ARF) family and DNA oligonucleotides that contain target DNA response elements. In particular, it is shown that the binding of the unlabeled ARF DNA binding domain (ARF‐DBD) to donor and acceptor labeled DNA oligonucleotides can be detected by changes in the FRET efficiency and changes in the diffusion coefficient of the DNA. In addition, this data on fluorescently labeled ARF‐DBDs suggest that, at nanomolar concentrations, ARF‐DBDs are exclusively present as monomers. In general, the fluidic framework of freely diffusing molecules minimizes potential surface‐induced artifacts, enables high‐throughput measurements, and proved to be instrumental in shedding more light on the interactions between ARF‐DBDs monomers and between ARF‐DBDs and their DNA response element.
Polymer Composite Sponges with Inherent Antibacterial, Hemostatic, Inflammation‐Modulating and Proregenerative Performances for Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus‐Infected Wound Healing
Authors: Liu Wenshuai , Yang Chunfang , Gao Rui , Zhang Chao , Ou‐Yang Wenbin , Feng Zujian , Zhang Chuangnian , Pan Xiangbin , Huang Pingsheng , Kong Deling , Wang Weiwei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractClinical wound management remains a major challenge due to massive bleeding, bacterial infection, and difficult wound healing after tissue trauma. To simultaneously address these issues, composite polymer sponges for accelerating drug‐resistant bacterial infected wound healing are fabricated by facilely mixing sodium polyacrylate (PAAS), double quaternary ammonium salts‐conjugated chitosan (QAS‐CS), and collagen (COL) in aqueous solution, followed by lyophilization. Composite sponges (PAAS/QAS‐CS/COL, PQC) show highly porous microstructures (porosity ≈90%) with moderate compress modulus (≈0.3 MPa), tensile strength (0.004 MPa), and high swelling ratio (≈3500%). Importantly, PQC sponge demonstrates superior hemostasis ability over commercially available CS sponge by inducing rapid hemagglutination, and exhibits significantly better antibacterial activity against both methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Escherichia coli by destroying cell membrane and causing the leakage of bioactive components such as potassium ion and β‐galactosidase from treated bacterial. Furthermore, PQC sponge can efficiently promote cell proliferation. Significantly, the sponge greatly expedites the regeneration of MRSA‐infected full‐thickness skin wound in rabbit by successfully eradicating bacterial infection, and reducing inflammation. PQC sponge also improves both early angiogenesis and blood vessel maturation at the wound site. Overall, this multifunctional sponge is a promising wound dressing for clinical use and holds great potential for rapid clinical translation.
Controlling Liquid Crystal Orientations for Programmable Anisotropic Transformations in Cellular Microstructures
Authors: Li Shucong , Librandi Gabriele , Yao Yuxing , Richard Austin J. , Schneider‐Yamamura Alyssha , Aizenberg Joanna , Bertoldi Katia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGeometric reconfigurations in cellular structures have recently been exploited to realize adaptive materials with applications in mechanics, optics, and electronics. However, the achievable symmetry breakings and corresponding types of deformation and related functionalities have remained rather limited, mostly due to the fact that the macroscopic geometry of the structures is generally co‐aligned with the molecular anisotropy of the constituent material. To address this limitation, cellular microstructures are fabricated out of liquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) with an arbitrary, user‐defined liquid crystal (LC) mesogen orientation encrypted by a weak magnetic field. This platform enables anisotropy to be programmed independently at the molecular and structural levels and the realization of unprecedented director‐determined symmetry breakings in cellular materials, which are demonstrated by both finite element analyses and experiments. It is illustrated that the resulting mechanical reconfigurations can be harnessed to program microcellular materials with switchable and direction‐dependent frictional properties and further exploit ”area‐specific” deformation patterns to locally modulate transmitted light and precisely guide object movement. As such, the work provides a clear route to decouple anisotropy at the materials level from the directionality of the macroscopic cellular structure, which may lead to a new generation of smart and adaptive materials and devices.
High‐Performance X‐Ray Detector Based on Liquid Diffused Separation Induced Cs3Bi2I9 Single Crystal
Authors: Wei Shunyong , Tie Shujie , Shen Kai , Zeng Tixian , Zou Jihua , Huang Yixuan , Sun Hui , Luo Lingzhi , Zhou Xiangyu , Ren Aobo , Zheng Xiaojia , Zhao Dewei , Wu Jiang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe recently demonstrated Cs3Bi2I9 single crystals (SCs) exhibit superior performance for X‐ray detection. More importantly, they do not contain any toxic lead element. However, compared with lead‐halide perovskites, one challenge for the Cs3Bi2I9 SC for X‐ray detection application is that it is difficult to prepare large‐sized and high‐quality SCs. Here, a liquid diffused separation induced crystallization (LDSC) method is employed to grow Cs3Bi2I9 SCs for eliminating the temperature fluctuation and convection currents caused by the thermal gradient in the growth solution. The resultant Cs3Bi2I9 SC exhibits a microstrain of 1.21 × 10–3, a resistivity of 1.12 × 109 Ω cm, a carrier mobility of 4.57 cm2 V–1 s–1, and a mobility‐lifetime product of 1.87 × 10–3 cm2 V–1. As a result, an X‐ray detector based on the high‐quality Cs3Bi2I9 SC exhibits an excellent dose rate linearity, a sensitivity of 964 µC Gyair–1 cm–2, and a limit of detection (LoD) of 44.6 nGyair s–1.
Abstraction, validation, and generalization for explainable artificial intelligence
Authors: Yang Scott Cheng‐Hsin , Folke Tomas , Shafto Patrick 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNeural network architectures are achieving superhuman performance on an expanding range of tasks. To effectively and safely deploy these systems, their decision‐making must be understandable to a wide range of stakeholders. Methods to explain artificial intelligence (AI) have been proposed to answer this challenge, but a lack of theory impedes the development of systematic abstractions, which are necessary for cumulative knowledge gains. We propose Bayesian Teaching as a framework for unifying explainable AI (XAI) by integrating machine learning and human learning. Bayesian Teaching formalizes explanation as a communication act of an explainer to shift the beliefs of an explainee. This formalization decomposes a wide range of XAI methods into four components: (a) the target inference, (b) the explanation, (c) the explainee model, and (d) the explainer model. The abstraction afforded by Bayesian Teaching to decompose XAI methods elucidates the invariances among them. The decomposition of XAI systems enables modular validation, as each of the first three components listed can be tested semi‐independently. This decomposition also promotes generalization through recombination of components from different XAI systems, which facilitates the generation of novel variants. These new variants need not be evaluated one by one provided that each component has been validated, leading to an exponential decrease in development time. Finally, by making the goal of explanation explicit, Bayesian Teaching helps developers to assess how suitable an XAI system is for its intended real‐world use case. Thus, Bayesian Teaching provides a theoretical framework that encourages systematic, scientific investigation of XAI.
Organo‐photocatalytic Synthesis of 6‐β‐Disubstituted Phenanthridines from α‐Diazo‐β‐Keto Compounds and Vinyl Azides
Authors: Devi Lalita , Pokhriyal Ayushi , Shekhar Shashi , Kant Ruchir , Mukherjee Saptarshi , Rastogi Namrata 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAn efficient organo‐photocatalytic method for the synthesis of 6‐β‐disubstituted phenanthridines has been developed. The reaction documents unprecedented generation of enolate vinyl radicals from corresponding diazo compounds in the presence of photocatalyst Rh‐6G. Subsequent trapping of these radical intermediates by o‐aryl vinyl azides followed by intramolecular cyclization affords the final products in excellent yields and regioselectivity. The reaction is notable for its mild conditions, high yields and wide substrate scope.
Dichloro Butenediamides as Irreversible Site‐Selective Protein Conjugation Reagent
Authors: Laserna Victor , Abegg Daniel , Afonso Cláudia F. , Martin Esther M. , Adibekian Alexander , Ravn Peter , Corzana Francisco , Bernardes Gonçalo J. L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe describe maleic‐acid derivatives as robust cysteine‐selective reagents for protein labelling with comparable kinetics and superior stability relative to maleimides. Diamide and amido‐ester derivatives proved to be efficient protein‐labelling species with a common mechanism in which a spontaneous cyclization occurs upon addition to cysteine. Introduction of chlorine atoms in their structures triggers ring hydrolysis or further conjugation with adjacent residues, which results in conjugates that are completely resistant to retro‐Michael reactions in the presence of biological thiols and human plasma. By controlling the microenvironment of the reactive site, we can control selectivity towards the hydrolytic pathway, forming homogeneous conjugates. The method is applicable to several scaffolds and enables conjugation of different payloads. The synthetic accessibility of these reagents and the mild conditions required for fast and complete conjugation together with the superior stability of the conjugates make this strategy an important alternative to maleimides in bioconjugation.
Accelerated Anti‐Markovnikov Alkene Hydrosilylation with Humic‐Acid‐Supported Electron‐Deficient Platinum Single Atoms
Authors: Liu Kairui , Badamdorj Bolortuya , Yang Fan , Janik Michael J. , Antonietti Markus 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe hydrosilylation reaction is one of the largest‐scale applications of homogeneous catalysis, and Pt homogeneous catalysts have been widely used in this reaction for the commercial manufacture of silicon products. However, homogeneous Pt catalysts result in considerable problems, such as undesired side reactions, unacceptable catalyst residues and disposable platinum consumption. Here, we synthesized electron‐deficient Pt single atoms supported on humic matter (Pt1@AHA_U_400), and the catalyst was used in hydrosilylation reactions, which showed super activity (turnover frequency as high as 3.0×107 h−1) and selectivity (>99 %). Density functional theory calculations reveal that the high performance of the catalyst results from the atomic dispersion of Pt and the electron deficiency of the Pt1atoms, which is different from conventional Pt nanoscale catalysts. Excellent performance is maintained during recycle experiments, indicating the high stability of the catalyst.
Aggregation of Gold Nanoparticles Triggered by Hydrogen Peroxide‐Initiated Chemiluminescence for Activated Tumor Theranostics
Authors: Mao Qiulian , Fang Jing , Wang Anna , Zhang Yuqi , Cui Chaoxiang , Ye Shuyue , Zhao Yan , Feng Yali , Li Jiachen , Shi Haibin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDeveloping endogenous photo‐activated theranostic platforms to overcome the limitation of low tissue‐penetration from external light sources is highly significant for cancer diagnosis and treatment. We report a H2O2‐initiated chemiluminescence (CL)‐triggered nanoparticle aggregation strategy to activate theranostic functions of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for effective tumor imaging and therapy. Two types of AuNPs (tAuNP & mAuNP) were designed and fabricated by conjugating 2,5‐diphenyltetrazole and methacrylic acid onto the surface of AuNPs, respectively. Luminol was adsorbed onto the mAuNPs to afford self‐illuminating mAuNP/Lu NPs that could produce strong CL by reaction with H2O2 in the tumor microenvironment, which triggers significant aggregation of AuNPs resulting in enhanced accumulation and retention of AuNPs for activated photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy of tumors. We thus believe that this approach may offer a promising tool for effective tumor treatment.
Dissection of the Polar and Non‐Polar Contributions to Aromatic Stacking Interactions in Solution
Authors: Bravin Carlo , Piękoś Justyna A. , Licini Giulia , Hunter Christopher A. , Zonta Cristiano 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAromatic stacking interactions have been a matter of study and debate due to their crucial role in chemical and biological systems. The strong dependence on orientation and solvent together with the relatively small interaction energies have made evaluation and rationalization a challenge for experimental and theoretical chemists. We have used a supramolecular cage formed by two tris(pyridylmethyl)amines units to build chemical Double Mutant Cycles (DMC) for the experimental measurement of the free energies of π‐stacking interactions. Extrapolating the substituent effects to remove the contribution due to electrostatic interactions reveals that there is a substantial contribution to the measured stacking interaction energies which is due to non‐polar interactions (−3 to −6 kJ mol−1). The perfectly flat nature of the surface of an aromatic ring gives π‐stacking an inherent advantage over non‐polar interactions with alkyl groups and accounts for the wide‐spread prevalence of stacking interactions in Nature.
A Semi‐artificial Photoelectrochemical Tandem Leaf with a CO2‐to‐Formate Efficiency Approaching 1 %
Authors: Edwardes Moore Esther , Andrei Virgil , Oliveira Ana Rita , Coito Ana Margarida , Pereira Inês A. C. , Reisner Erwin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSemi‐artificial photoelectrochemistry can combine state‐of‐the‐art photovoltaic light‐absorbers with enzymes evolved for selective fuel‐forming reactions such as CO2 reduction, but the overall performance of such hybrid systems has been limited to date. Here, the electrolyte constituents were first tuned to establish an optimal local environment for a W‐formate dehydrogenase to perform electrocatalysis. The CO2 reductase was then interfaced with a triple cation lead mixed‐halide perovskite through a hierarchically structured porous TiO2 scaffold to produce an integrated photocathode achieving a photocurrent density of −5 mA cm−2 at 0.4 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode during simulated solar light irradiation. Finally, the combination with a water‐oxidizing BiVO4 photoanode produced a bias‐free integrated biophotoelectrochemical tandem device (semi‐artificial leaf) with a solar CO2‐to‐formate energy conversion efficiency of 0.8 %.
Spatiotemporal Control over Chemical Assembly in Living Cells by Integration of Acid‐Catalyzed Hydrolysis and Enzymatic Reactions
Authors: Yang Xuejiao , Lu Honglei , Tao Yinghua , Zhou Laicheng , Wang Huaimin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSpatiotemporal control of chemical assembly in living cells remains challenging. We have now developed an efficient and general platform to precisely control the formation of assemblies in living cells. We introduced an O‐[bis(dimethylamino)phosphono]tyrosine protection strategy in the self‐assembly motif as the Trojan horse, whereby the programmed precursors resist hydrolysis by phosphatases on and inside cells because the unmasking of the enzymatic cleavage site occurs selectively in the acidic environment of lysosomes. After demonstrating the multistage self‐assembly processes in vitro by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC‐MS), cryogenic electron microscopy (Cryo‐EM), and circular dichroism (CD), we investigated the formation of site‐specific self‐assembly in living cells using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), LC‐MS, and biological electron microscopy (Bio‐EM). Controlling chemical assembly in living systems spatiotemporally may have applications in supramolecular chemistry, materials science, synthetic biology, and chemical biology.
Thin‐Layer Chromatography and Coomassie Staining of Phospholipids for Fast and Simple Lipidomics Sample Preparation
Authors: Hofmann Tommy , Barth Marie , Meister Annette , Kastritis Panagiotis L. , Schmidt Carla 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLipids play major roles in basic cellular functions. Their analysis, therefore, gained importance; however, it is complicated by the high complexity of natural lipidomes. To overcome this challenge, pre‐separation of the lipids by thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) and high‐resolution mass spectrometry (MS) are often employed. Here, we explore Coomassie staining for TLC‐separated phospholipids and provide an extraction protocol of stained lipids for subsequent MS analysis. We exemplify our approach by analyzing lipid mixtures varying in complexity and found that TLC pre‐separation increases the number of identified lipid species and lipid classes. In addition, we identify and quantify lipids from polymer nanodiscs. In summary, Coomassie staining of TLC‐separated lipids is well‐suited for phospholipids, is compatible with MS, does not require specialized equipment and can be performed independently of subsequent MS experiments. We envision many future applications of our workflow.
Flexible and rigid polyurethane based polymer electrolyte for high‐performance lithium battery
Authors: Gao Yunqi , Feng Changhao , Wang Hairui , Xu Minghan , Zong Chengzhong , Wang Qingfu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe development of new polymer electrolytes is greatly significant due to the improvement of the energy density and safety of lithium batteries. Comparing with a single polymer electrolyte, the composite polymer electrolyte has better performance, especially some based on the concept of rigid–flexible coupling polymer electrolytes. In this study, a series of polyurethane with various proportion of soft and rigid segments are synthesized and used as a composite polymer electrolyte (C‐PU) together with cellulose membrane. The optimized polymer electrolyte C‐PU20 (with 20 wt% of the hard segment) exhibits high ionic conductivity of 2.4 mS/cm at 25°C and wide electrochemical stability window up to 4.8 V. Moreover, the C‐PU20 electrolyte for LiFePO4/Li cell shows more fantastic cycling performance with capacity retention of 96% after 300 cycles at 0.5 C and better C‐rate capability compared with the pristine cellulose membrane. All the findings indicate that the C‐PU20 electrolyte is a very prospective polymer electrolyte for high‐performance lithium batteries.