bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TINJAUAN HUKUM PELAKSANAAN PEMBINAAN WARGA BINAAN WANITA DALAM SISTEM PEMASYARAKATAN DI LEMBAGA PEMASYARAKATAN PEREMPUAN KELAS IIA JAKARTA TIMUR
Authors: Ulina Emsah , Tobing Padimun Lumban 
Published: March 2021

Tujuan pembinaan warga binaan pemasyarakatan di Indonesia adalah supaya narapidana dapat memperbaiki dirinya sehingga tujuan dari sistem pemasyarakatan dapat tercapai agar, narapidana dibina dan dibimbing menjadi orang yang lebih baik. Seseorang menjadi narapidana tidak hanya disebabkan faktor-faktor penyebab kejahatan yang datang dari luar bersifat material, tapi juga faktor mental spritualnya yang sudah rusak akibat dari kesalahan dan sosialisasi yang membentuk pribadinya. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah: 1.Bagaimana pelaksanaan pembinaan terhadap warga binaan wanita di LAPAS Perempuan? 2.Apa yang menjadi kendala pelaksanaan pembinaan warga binaan wanita di LAPAS Perempuan Kelas IIA Jakarta Timur?. Metode penelitian yang penulis gunakan adalah metode yuridis normatif yaitu menganalisis kaitan antara peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku dengan teori-teori hukum dan praktek pelaksanaan hukum positif yang menyangkut permasalahan yang dibahas. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah bahwa Pelaksanaan pembinaan narapidana wanita yang ada di LAPAS Perempuan Kelas IIA Jakarta Timur memuat beberapa prosedur mulai dari penerimaan narapidana, pendaftaran hingga selanjutnya tahap pelaksanaan pembinaan narapidana. Di tahap pelaksanaan itu sendiri terdiri dari 4 (empat) tahap yakni tahap awal mengajarkan para narapidana untuk memiliki kesadaran agama dan hukum, tahap lanjutan yang memberi arahan kepada para narapidana untuk senantiasa menampilkan bakat dan ketrampilannya agar saat di dalam LAPAS, narapidana ada kegiatan positif yang dilakukan. Selanjutnya di tahap lanjutan yang kedua narapidana yang telah menjalani separuh masa pidananya yang menurut Tim Pengawas Pemasyarakatan (TPP) diperbolehkan untuk diluar tembok (Asimilasi), di tahap yang terakhir ini diberi bekal untuk menjadi manusia yang mandiri, hidup bahagia dan berpatisipasi aktif di masyakat kembali.
Beberapa kendala-kendala pelaksanaan pembinaan warga binaan di LAPAS adalah Kondisi over kapasitas LAPAS; Sebagian WBP tidak memiliki keluarga yang jelas; Masih kurangnya personil pengamanan pada LAPAS; Kurangnya perhatian terhadap pemenuhan fasilitas lembaga Pada LAPAS; Kurangnya SDM seperti tenaga bantuan Guru dan tenaga Pelatih.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP ANAK OBJEK KEJAHATAN PORNOGRAFI ONLINE BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR 44 TAHUN 2008 TENTANG PORNOGRAFI Studi Kasus Putusan Nomor 1363/Pid.Sus/2017/PN JKT.SEL
Authors: Rizky Isnia Debby , Amsori Amsori 
Published: March 2021

Masalah perlindungan hukum terhadap anak yang menjadi objek kejahatan di Indonesia sangat penting karena mereka adalah generasi penerus masa depan bangsa. Salah satu ancaman bagi anak adalah pengaruh pornografi online dimana dunia online saat ini adalah hal yang umum bagi masyarakat. Agar masyarakat mengetahui apakah negara telah berupaya memberikan perlindungan hukum terhadap anak objek kejahatan pornografi online melalui Undang-Undang Pornografi dan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana Undang-Undang Pornografi dijadikan sebagai acuan mendapatkan perlindungan hukum dari pelaku kejahatan pornografi online. Pada penelitian ini dianalisa secara yuridis dengan pemaparan deduktif mengenai ketentuan-ketentuan yang tercantum dalam Undang-Undang Pornografi dalam kaitannya dengan perlindungan hukum anak objek kejahatan pornografi. Didapati bahwa sejak bagian awal Undang-Undang Pornografi telah menunjukkan semangat perlindungan hukum terhadap anak dimulai dari definisi batasan usia yang dikategorikan anak, tujuan Undang-Undang yang dengan jelas memuat kata-kata melindungi anak, hingga ketentuan pidana yang mengatur adanya tambahan hukuman sepertiga dari maksimum ancaman pidana jika kejahatan pornografi melibatkan anak. Dalam putusan Nomor 1363/Pid.Sus/2017/PN JKT.SEL, Undang-Undang Pornografi disebutkan sebagai acuan dalam amar putusan selain Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik, namun dalam penjatuhan pidana penjara dan pidana denda dalam putusan tidak menunjukkan bahwa yang digunakan adalah ketentuan pidana dalam Undang-Undang Pornografi. Padahal menurut Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana, jika ada aturan yang berbeda maka yang lebih berat ketentuan pidananya yang digunakan. Dari hal tersebut di atas dapat terlihat bahwa Undang-Undang Pornografi sudah hadir untuk menjawab kebutuhan perlindungan hukum terhadap anak objek kejahatan pornografi online. Kemudian putusan pidana terkait kejahatan pornografi sebaiknya konsisten mengacu kepada Undang-Undang Pornografi agar dapat berperan optimal dalam pencegahan terjadinya kejahatan serupa terulang kembali dan menjamin perlindungan hukum bagi anak.
Epithermal Zeolite Alteration Associated with Siliceous Sinters, Hydrothermal Eruption Breccias, and Gold-Silver Mineralization, Central Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand
Authors: Brathwaite Robert L. , Rae Andrew J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the central Taupo Volcanic Zone, extensive zeolite (mordenite ± clinoptilolite) alteration occurs in late Quaternary rhyolitic vitric tuffs that were deposited in a lake formed by caldera collapse following the ~290 ka Ohakuri ignimbrite eruptions. Glass shards in lacustrine vitric tuffs of the Ngakuru Formation and in the underlying Ohakuri Formation ignimbrite are replaced by mordenite ± clinoptilolite, along with hydrothermal adularia, opal-A, opal-CT, and cristobalite. This mineral assemblage is also found in the outer alteration zones of the nearby Ohakuri and Tahunaatara epithermal gold prospects. Evaluation of whole-rock chemical analyses indicates that the zeolitized vitric tuffs show a slight gain in K, and Na, Ca loss relative to unaltered Ohakuri Formation pumice, which is reflected in the presence of hydrothermal adularia in the alteration assemblage. The mordenite ± clinoptilolite alteration is associated with siliceous sinters and hydrothermal eruption breccias that were formed in recently active (39–1.5 ka) geothermal systems. By analogy with geothermal systems elsewhere in the Taupo Volcanic Zone at Wairakei and Ohaaki, the mordenite ± clinoptilolite alteration was formed from dilute alkali-chloride aqueous liquid at 60° to 150°C. Based on the close association of the mordenite ± clinoptilolite alteration with siliceous sinters and hydrothermal eruption breccias in the central Taupo Volcanic Zone, it is classified as shallow, low-temperature, epithermal alteration. Mordenite ± clinoptilolite alteration has also been identified in Quaternary rhyolitic caldera settings in Japan and the United States, where it is termed “caldera-type zeolitization.” In exploration for epithermal Au-Ag deposits in rifted arc settings, such alteration may be overlooked, given its subtle appearance and distal location relative to veins that mark upflow areas.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Second- and Third-Generation Antiepileptic Drugs
Authors: Krasowski Matthew D. , Long Thomas A. , Snozek Christine L. H. , Dizon Annabel , Magnani Barbarajean , Melanson Stacy E. F. 
Published: March 2021

Context.—
Therapeutic drug monitoring has traditionally been widely used for first-generation antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) such as carbamazepine and phenytoin. The last 2 decades have seen the introduction of second- and third-generation AEDs (eg, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, and topiramate) into clinical practice.

Objective.—
To use data from the College of American Pathologists Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Extended Proficiency Testing Survey to determine the performance of assays used for therapeutic drug monitoring of newer AEDs, including comparison of enzyme immunoassay and chromatographic techniques.

Design.—
Six years of proficiency testing surveys were reviewed (2013–2018).

Results.—
Steady growth was seen in participant volumes for newer AEDs. The analytical performance of automated enzyme immunoassays for lamotrigine, levetiracetam, and topiramate was similar to that of chromatographic methods, consistent with published literature using patient samples for comparisons. The majority of participating laboratories now use enzyme immunoassays to measure levetiracetam.

Conclusions.—
Survey results reflect steadily growing interest in therapeutic drug monitoring of newer AEDs. The increasing availability of robust immunoassays for new AEDs should facilitate their clinical utility, especially for clinical laboratories that do not perform chromatographic assays for therapeutic drug monitoring.
Les noms dans les nouvelles à la main
Authors: Lisboa João Luís 
Published: March 2021

Les nouvelles à la main au Portugal, au xviiie siècle, sont des fascicules non signés de faible diffusion. Le producteur de ces feuilles d’information est-il un auteur ou un simple traducteur ? Sa qualité d’auteur ne se dissout-elle pas dans le travail d’atelier qui, de copie en copie, modifie le texte initial ? Quel est le statut de cet auteur qui ne se nomme que comme son propre personnage ? Dans le cas ici exposé, comme dans beaucoup d’autres, les lecteurs connaissent le nom de l’auteur, un facteur décisif pour la crédibilité et le statut des nouvelles rapportées. L’article porte sur la référence au comte de Ericeira (1673-1743), à la fois comme source de nouvelles et comme objet d’intérêt dans le récit. L’identification de l’auteur aide à comprendre les jeux politiques autour de l’information sous l’Ancien Régime.
Myofascial release versus Mulligan sustained natural apophyseal glides’ immediate and short-term effects on pain, function, and mobility in non-specific low back pain
Authors: Bhat P Vignesh , Patel Vivek Dineshbhai , Eapen Charu , Shenoy Manisha , Milanese Steve 
Published: March 2021

Background
Myofascial release (MFR) and Mulligan Sustained Natural Apophyseal Glides (SNAGs) are manual therapy techniques routinely practiced in the management of non-specific low back pain (NSLBP). As a solo intervention or along with other therapies, both methods have reported positive results for individuals with NSLBP. However, which technique improves NSLBP-related pain, restricted range of motion (ROM) and disability, warrants further research.

Objective
To study the comparative effects of MFR and SNAGs on pain, disability, functional ability, and lumbar ROM in NSLBP.

Method
A parallel-group study was conducted at tertiary care hospitals. Sixty-five Sub-acute or chronic NSLBP patients were allocated to receive strengthening exercises along with either MFR (n = 33) or SNAGs (n = 32) for six treatment sessions over one week. An independent assessor evaluated outcome measures such as the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Patient-Specific Function Scale (PSFS), and ROM at baseline, immediate (after 1st treatment), and short-term (post-sixth day of the intervention). The Modified Oswestry disability index (MODI) was assessed at baseline and short-term.

Results
Within-group analysis found clinically and statistically significant (p < 0.05) changes for VAS and PSFS at immediate and short-term for both the groups. The lumbar extension also showed improvement immediately and in the short-term. Improvement in Lumbar flexion was seen only in the SNAGs group over the short-term. A statistically significant improvement was seen for MODI in both the groups but was not clinically significant in the MFR group. The analysis observed no statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between the groups at both the immediate and short-term.

Conclusions
Pain and restricted function associated with NSLBP can be improved using SNAGs or MFR, along with strengthening exercises. For limited lumbar flexion ROM, Mulligan SNAGs have a better outcome than MFR over the short-term. Hence, both manual therapy techniques can be incorporated along with exercises for immediate and short-term management of sub-acute to chronic NSLBP.
Clinical Trial Registration. CTRI/2018/12/016787 (http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/).
Dosimetric properties of a newly developed thermoluminescent sheet‐type dosimeter for clinical proton beams
Authors: Kato Takahiro , Sagara Tatsuhiko , Komori Shinya , Kato Ryohei , Takeuchi Akihiko , Narita Yuki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to evaluate the dosimetric properties of a newly developed thermoluminescent sheet‐type dosimeter (TLD‐sheet) for clinical proton beams.Materials and MethodsThe TLD‐sheet is composed mainly of manganese doped lithium triborate, with a physical size and thickness of 150 mm × 150 mm and 0.15 mm respectively. It is flexible and can be cut freely for usage. The TLD‐sheet has an effective atomic number of 7.3 and tissue‐equivalent properties. We tested the reproducibility, fading effect, dose linearity, homogeneity, energy dependence, and water equivalent thickness (WET) of the TLD‐sheet for clinical proton beams. We conducted tests with both unmodulated and modulated proton beams at energies of 150 and 210 MeV.ResultsThe measurement reproducibility was within 4%, which included the inhomogeneity of the TLD‐sheet. The fading rates were approximately 20% and 30% after 2 and 7 days respectively. The TLD‐sheet showed notable energy dependence in the Bragg peak and distal end of the spread‐out Bragg peak regions. However, the dose–response characteristics of the TLD‐sheet remained linear up to a physical dose of 10 Gy in this study. This linearity was highly superior to those of commonly used radiochromic film. The thin WET of the TLD‐sheet had little effect on the range.ConclusionAlthough notable energy dependences were observed in Bragg peak region, the response characteristics examined in this study, such as reproducibility, fading effects, dose linearity, dose homogeneity and WET, showed that the TLD‐sheet can be a useful and effective dosimetry tool. With its flexible and reusable characteristics, it may also be an excellent in vivo skin dosimetry tool for proton therapy.
How do adults with post‐traumatic stress disorder from childhood trauma talk about single versus repeated traumas?
Authors: Memon Amina , Connolly Deborah , Brewin Chris R. , Meyer Thomas , Seidel Julia , Anderson Shelbie , Rijkeboer Marleen , Arntz Arnoud 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAdults with posttraumatic stress disorder from childhood trauma (ch‐PTSD) described their 'worst' traumatic event (a single or repeated event) pre‐post treatment for PTSD during an international clinical trial. The memory reports were coded for specificity (Episodic vs. General) and level of detail. Repeated event (RE) narratives contained more generic and fewer episodic references but no more details than memories describing single events (SEs). Analysis of a subset of the sample's post‐treatment memory reports found 38% of the information units were consistent with the pre‐treatment narrative, 38% were omitted, 21% were new details and 2% were changes. The SE and RE groups did not differ on consistency. The data provide a unique insight into single versus repeated event memory reporting in a clinical sample with PTSD from childhood trauma.
Biodegradable Molybdenum/Polybutylene Adipate Terephthalate Conductive Paste for Flexible and Stretchable Transient Electronics
Authors: Kim Kyung‐Sub , Yoo Jaeyoung , Shim Jun‐Seok , Ryu Young‐In , Choi Suyeon , Lee Ju‐Yong , Lee Hyuck Mo , Koo Jahyun , Kang Seung‐Kyun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBiodegradable or eco‐degradable electronics is an emerging field of technology capable of reducing the excessively increasing electronic waste originating from the rapid development of personalized and bio‐integrated devices and skin adhesive patches. Through an advantageous solution process, biodegradable conductive pastes can be employed in various applications of soft and flexible devices. Herein a biodegradable conductive paste composed of molybdenum (Mo) microparticles and polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) exhibiting excellent mechanical flexibility and stretchability is reported, while also demonstrating substantially superior mechanical and conductive properties compared with previously reported biodegradable polymer matrices such as poly butanedithiol 1,3,5‐triallyl‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4,6‐(1H,3H,5H)‐trione pentenoic anhydride (PBTPA) and Candelilla wax (CW) owing to the significant elongation of PBAT. Moderate dissolution in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) accomplishes its full biodegradability and programmable lifecycle. Tetraglycol (TG) enhances elongation and conductivity performance by acting as a lubricant and improving the dispersion of microparticles. The practical implications of the Mo/PBAT pastes are demonstrated in numerous biodegradable electronic applications such as electrodes, strain and temperature sensors, joule heaters, interconnectors, and freestanding radiofrequency (RF) coils.
A Novel Multilevel Nonvolatile Solar‐Blind Deep Ultraviolet Photoelectric Memory Based on an Organic Field Effect Transistor
Authors: Zhao Xue , Wei Shi‐Yu , Wang Xiao‐Hong , Qiu Long‐Zhen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDeep ultraviolet (DUV) light monitoring has a wide range of applications in areas such as military surveillance, biological/medical analysis, and flame detection. In this paper, a novel nonvolatile solar‐blind DUV photoelectric memory is investigated based on an organic field effect transistor (OFET). It has 16 different optical memory states of multilevel memory behavior and rewriting capability. The memory window of the device reaches to 23.8 V under a gate voltage of −40 V and 254 nm (DUV) illumination (1.252 mW cm–2). Moreover, the device has a retention time of over 104 s, more than 100 cycles of writing/reading/erasing/reading (W/R/E/R), and an ION/IOFF ratio of about 102. The memory behavior can be modulated via the gate voltage, light intensity, and exposure time. In addition, determination of the exposure dose to DUV light is achieved. The memory shows a highly selectivity, which is sensitive to 254 nm DUV. Furthermore, a DUV memory array is fabricated, and the image processing and storage capabilities are verified. This novel device shows a promising path toward highly (wavelength) selective and advanced multilevel solar‐blind DUV monitors.
Microfluidics at Fiber Tip for Nanoliter Delivery and Sampling
Authors: Barbot Antoine , Wales Dominic , Yeatman Eric , Yang Guang‐Zhong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDelivery and sampling nanoliter volumes of liquid can benefit new invasive surgical procedures. However, the dead volume and difficulty in generating constant pressure flow limits the use of small tubes such as capillaries. This work demonstrates sub‐millimeter microfluidic chips assembled directly on the tip of a bundle of two hydrophobic coated 100 µm capillaries to deliver nanoliter droplets in liquid environments. Droplets are created in a specially designed nanopipette and propelled by gas through the capillary to the microfluidic chip where a passive valve mechanism separates liquid from gas, allowing their delivery. By adjusting the driving pressure and microfluidic geometry, both partial and full delivery of 10 nanoliter droplets with 0.4 nanoliter maximum error, as well as sampling from the environment are demonstrated. This system will enable drug delivery and sampling with minimally invasive probes, facilitating continuous liquid biopsy for disease monitoring and in vivo drug screening.
Intra‐Island Coulomb Correlations in PEDOT:PSS Thin Films; Saturation of Spin Polarization Magnetoresistance
Authors: Nikiforov Daniel , Tessler Nir , Ehrenfreund Eitan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMagnetic field and temperature dependence of the magneto‐conductance (MC) of thin films made of self‐p‐doped poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) having room temperature conductivity of ≈200 S cm−1 in the range of fields B = 0–14 T and temperatures T = 1.8–300 K are reported. At B = 0 and for current parallel to the film surface, the conductance follows a variable range hopping mechanism in two dimensions. It is shown that the finite Coulomb correlations, U, within the nano‐crystalline PEDOT islands dominates MC at low temperatures and high fields. At T = 1.8 K, the intra‐island Coulomb correlation spin polarization mechanism is already saturated for B > 10 T establishing a finite minimum of ≈2 meV for U. This small value of U is in line with the delocalized nature of the holes within the PEDOT islands and the relatively high conductivity that makes it essential in organic opto‐electronics.
Impact of flow on woodchip properties and subsidence in denitrifying bioreactors
Authors: Schaefer Abby , Werning Kyle , Hoover Natasha , Tschirner Ulrike , Feyereisen Gary , Moorman Thomas B. , Howe Adina C. , Soupir Michelle L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWoodchip bioreactors are edge‐of‐field practices that remove nutrients from agricultural drainage water, with an effective lifespan estimated between 10 and 30 yr. Subsidence, or bioreactor settling and subsequent depression formation, is a concern of producers and stakeholders and little is known regarding its effect on bioreactor performance. Six woodchip bioreactors set at three different hydraulic residence times (HRTs 2, 8, and 16 h) were excavated after 2 yr of operation, with wood samples collected from multiple depths and distances from the bioreactor inlet. Subsidence was observed in all six bioreactors and was greater near the inlet. Particle‐size distribution did not change over the study period, indicating that smaller woodchips were not degrading preferentially or washing out of the bioreactor while the macropore space was simultaneously decreasing. Flow path analysis showed an increase in Morrill Dispersion Indices and short‐circuiting as well as decreases in drainable porosity and hydraulic efficiency; these changes were uniform across all three HRTs, suggesting that the decline in hydraulic properties was independent of flow. Further, despite increased woodchip decomposition as measured by C/N ratio in the 2‐h HRT bioreactors (mean ± SD = 64.9 ± 13.7) compared with the 8‐ and 16‐h HRT systems (90.3 ± 19.0, 95.6 ± 27.2, respectively), denitrification was still supported at all HRTs based on the results from a batch denitrification test. To offset wood aging, bioreactor fill material nearest the inlet could be replenished without excavation of the entire bioreactor.
Towards digital dole parole: A review of digital self‐service initiatives in Australian employment services
Authors: Casey Simone Jane 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article reviews developments in digital self‐servicing in Australian employment services. The article draws on program implementation documentation to describe recent digital self‐service initiatives known as the Targeted Compliance Framework and the Online/New Employment Services Trials. The term “digital dole parole” is used to signify the transfer of employment services supervision onto the new digital dashboard through which job seekers have become responsible for reporting attendances at activities and job search and to monitor their own “compliance”. These initiatives are the technologies that will underpin the shift to digital employment services in the New Employment Service model. This shift will radically change the employment services quasi‐market, and the street‐level delivery of labour market programmes. As these are significant shifts in the location of administrative power and street‐level discretion, the article identifies opportunities for future scholarship in this new age of “digital dole parole”.