bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association of maternal SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination‐to‐delivery interval and the levels of maternal and cord blood antibodies
Authors: Ben‐Mayor Bashi Tali , Amikam Uri , Ashwal Eran , Hershkovitz Gal , Attali Emmanuel , Berkovitz‐Shperling Roza , Dominsky Omri , Halperin Tami , Goldshmidt Hanoch , Gamzu Ronni , Yogev Yariv , Kuperminc Michael , Hiersch Liran 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the correlation of maternal and cord blood levels of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies in pregnant women immunized against COVID‐19.MethodsA prospective cohort study was performed of pregnant women who delivered at a single university affiliated tertiary medical center. Women who received the COVID‐19 vaccine (BNT162b2 Pfizer©) were approached. The correlation between levels of maternal sera and umbilical cord SARS‐CoV‐2 specific IgG was assessed.ResultsOverall, 58 women were included; of them, 19 had received a single dose and 39 received two doses of the COVID‐19 vaccine. Positive levels of umbilical cord IgG were found in 13/19 (68.4%) and 38/39 (97.4%) women after the administration of a single dose and two doses of the vaccine, respectively. The levels of SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG antibodies in the maternal sera of vaccinated women were positively correlated to their respective concentrations in cord blood sera (ρ = 0.857; R2 linear = 0.719; P < 0.001). Thirteen days after vaccination, the ratio of maternal‐to‐umbilical cord anti Spike IgG antibodies was approximately 1, indicating relatively similar levels in maternal and cord sera.ConclusionAfter the SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine, levels of maternal and cord blood antibodies were positively correlated, especially when tested after 13 days following administration of the first dose of the vaccine.
Strong coupling between an optical microcavity and photosystems in single living cyanobacteria
Authors: Rammler Tim , Wackenhut Frank , zur Oven‐Krockhaus Sven , Rapp Johanna , Forchhammer Karl , Harter Klaus , Meixner Alfred J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe first step in photosynthesis is an extremely efficient energy transfer mechanism that led to the debate to which extent quantum coherence may be involved in the energy transfer between the photosynthetic pigments. In search of such a coherent behavior, we have embedded living cyanobacteria between the parallel mirrors of an optical microresonator irradiated with low intensity white light. As a consequence, we observe vacuum Rabi splitting in the transmission and fluorescence spectra as a result of strong light matter coupling of the chlorophyllamolecules in the photosystems (PSs) and the cavity modes. The Rabi‐splitting scales with the number of the PSs chlorophyllapigments involved in strong coupling indicating a delocalized polaritonic state. Our data provide evidence that a delocalized polaritonic state can be established between the chlorophyllamolecule of the PSs in living cyanobacterial cells at ambient conditions in a microcavity.
Alcohol and tobacco use and risk of multiple myeloma: A case‐control study
Authors: Cheah Simon , Bassett Julie K. , Bruinsma Fiona J. , Cozen Wendy , Hopper John L. , Jayasekara Harindra , Joshua Douglas , MacInnis Robert J. , Prince H. Miles , Vajdic Claire M. , van Leeuwen Marina T. , Doo Nicole Wong , Harrison Simon J. , English Dallas R. , Giles Graham G. , Milne Roger L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological cancer and causes significant mortality and morbidity. Knowledge regarding modifiable risk factors for MM remains limited. This analysis of an Australian population‐based case–control family study investigates whether smoking or alcohol consumption is associated with risk of MM and related diseases. Incident cases (n = 789) of MM were recruited via cancer registries in Victoria and New South Wales. Controls (n = 1,113) were either family members of cases (n = 696) or controls recruited for a similarly designed study of renal cancers (n = 417). Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using unconditional multivariable logistic regression. Heavy intake (>20 g ethanol/day) of alcohol had a lower risk of MM compared with nondrinkers (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.50–0.93), and there was an inverse dose–response relationship for average daily alcohol intake (OR per 10 g ethanol per day = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86–0.99); there was no evidence of an interaction with sex. There was no evidence of an association with MM risk for smoking‐related exposures (p > 0.18). The associations between smoking and alcohol with MM are similar to those with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. Further research into potential underlying mechanisms is warranted.
Molecular evolution and genomic characteristics of genotype H1 of measles virus
Authors: Song Jinhua , Li Chongshan , Rivailler Pierre , Wang Huiling , Hu Manli , Zhu Zhen , Cui Aili , Mao Naiying , Xu Wenbo , Zhang Yan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMeasles is one of the most infectious diseases of humans. It is caused by the measles virus (MeV) and can lead to serious illness, lifelong complications, and even death. Whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) is now available to study molecular epidemiology and identify MeV transmission pathways. In the present study, WGS of 23 MeV strains of genotype H1, collected in Mainland China between 2006 and 2018, were generated and compared to 31 WGSs from the public domain to analyze genomic characteristics, evolutionary rates and date of emergence of H1 genotype. The noncoding region between M and F protein genes (M/F NCR) was the most variable region throughout the genome. Although the nucleotide substitution rate of H1 WGS was around 0.75 × 10−3 substitution per site per year, the M/F NCR had an evolutionary rate three times higher, with 2.44 × 10−3 substitution per site per year. Phylogenetic analysis identified three distinct genetic groups. The Time of the Most Recent Common Ancestor (TMRCA) of H1 genotype was estimated at approximately 1988, while the first genetic group appeared around 1995 followed by two other genetic groups in 1999–2002. Bayesian skyline plot showed that the genetic diversity of the H1 genotype remained stable even though the number of MeV cases decreased 50 times between 2014 (52 628) and 2020 (993). The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic might have some effect on the measles epidemic and further studies will be necessary to assess the genetic diversity of the H1 genotype in a post‐COVID area.
A review and future agenda for behavioral research on leader–follower interactions at different temporal scopes
Authors: Hemshorn de Sanchez Clara Sofie , Gerpott Fabiola H. , Lehmann‐Willenbrock Nale 
Published: November 2021

SummaryScholars are increasingly embracing innovative research designs and measures to capture actual leader and/or follower behaviors in real interactions. Our systematic review of this emerging research stream and development of a research agenda seeks to move the literature further in this direction. Specifically, we aim to inspire scholars with techniques for observing, manipulating, or training actual leadership and/or followership behaviors at different temporal scopes in the laboratory or field and identify which future research areas are worth exploring. To achieve these aims, we perform a review of existing studies in this domain according to their underlying conceptual model and temporal scope. We analyze which types of leader or follower behaviors (i.e., verbal behavior, text‐based behavior, choice behavior, gaze, facial expressions, gestures, voice tone and pitch, movement cues, and unspecified nonverbal behavior) have been studied, how they have been studied (i.e., using which methodological approaches), and in which study context (i.e., laboratory or field). We distill these findings to derive six future research directions: conducting studies that connect actual and perceived leader/follower behaviors, considering temporal granularity in a nuanced manner, exploring interdependent behavioral patterns, leveraging unconventional research methods, performing multimodal behavior analyses, and conducting more studies “in the wild” (i.e., field research).
Liquid Metal–Ionic Liquid Composite Gels for Soft, Mixed Electronic–Ionic Conductors
Authors: Asada Juri , Usami Natsuka , Ota Hiroki , Watanabe Masayoshi , Ueno Kazuhide 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMixed electronic–ionic conductors with high flexibility and stretchability can serve as key materials in rapidly emerging applications such as soft electronics and soft robotics. The combined use of two functional liquid materials, ionic liquids (ILs) and liquid metals (LMs), is of significant interest in the development of highly deformable mixed conductors. In this study, composite gels embedded with both IL and LM are prepared for the first time using a Ga–In eutectic (eGaIn), 1‐ethyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide, and poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) as the LM, IL, and polymer matrix, respectively. The composite gels exhibit low electronic conductivities of the order of 10−3 S cm−1. The addition of an optimal amount of Ni particles (NiPs) improve the electronic conductivity to ≈25 S cm−1 while retaining mechanical flexibility. The electronic conductivity is further enhanced upon elongation due to the reversible alignment and elongation of the LM in the gel matrix along the stretching direction. Owing to a bicontinuous structure composed of the IL‐based gel and metal component phases, the composite gels exhibit high ionic conductivity of the order of 10−3 S cm−1. This study demonstrates a rational approach for designing stretchable mixed conductors using ILs and Ga‐based LMs.
Biooxazolidines‐Enabled Improvement of Monocomponent Polyurethane Coatings
Authors: Song Xinyan , Lin Yinlei , Zhu Chenjing , Huang Jianhui , Bai Xiaoxu , Zhang Haichen , Hu Huawen , Li Guangji 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSingle‐component moisture‐cured polyurethane (SPU) possesses the merit of easy preparation and high curing efficiency but suffers from poor apparent properties, mechanical performance, and thermal stability. Herein, the authors employ isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and 2‐isopropyl‐3‐hydroxyethyl‐1, 3‐oxazolidines (IHO) to synthesize oxazolidine (termed as IPDI‐IHO) for the subsequent modification of SPU. The structure and composition of the synthesized SPU/IPDI‐IHO composites are unraveled by 1H and 13C NMR and FTIR spectroscopies. Apart from the curing properties of SPU/IPDI‐IHO, the apparent properties, mechanical performance, thermal stability, and self‐healing ability are evaluated. SEM and AFM characterizations reveal that IPDI‐IHO incorporation significantly decreased the number of bubbles and thus reduce the SPU‐based sample surface roughness. The thermal stability of SPU is notably improved after IPDI‐IHO modification. The tensile strength and elongation at break also increases from 830 to 3710 kPa and from 210% to 600%, respectively, due to IPDI‐IHO inclusion, with the optimal mechanical properties achieved at the IPDI‐IHO mass ratio of 8 wt%. Furthermore, the cracks intentionally cut for the SPU/IPDI‐IHO sample can be self‐healed at 60 °C. The ensemble of the performance enhancements suggests that the IPDI‐IHO developed in this work opens up a new route to fabricate high‐performance SPU and related polymeric materials.
Molecular‐Level Insights into the Diffusion of a Hydrophobic Drug in a Disordered Block Copolymer Micelle by Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Razavilar Negin , Hanna Gabriel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPreviously, all‐atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of a single hydrophobic drug molecule in pseudo‐micelles (consisting of one polymer chain surrounded by several water molecules) were used to gain insight into drug diffusion in nano‐sized micelles. Although it was shown that hydrogen bonding dominates the drug diffusivity, it was not clear to what extent a pseudo‐micelle model captures the drug diffusion dynamics in a full micelle. Since drug release from a stable drug‐loaded micelle occurs on very long timescales, all‐atom MD simulations of the drug diffusion are prohibitively costly. To reduce the computational cost, herein, an all‐atom MD simulation is performed starting from a disordered structure of a full Cucurbitacin B (CuB)‐loaded poly (ethylene oxide‐b‐caprolactone) block copolymer micelle in water. It is found that both the CuB and water dynamics yield nonlinear sub‐diffusive mean‐squared displacements, which result from molecular crowding in the micelle environment and extensive hydrogen bonding interactions between the water/CuB molecules and polymer chains. Moreover, it is found that the hydrogen bonding and diffusion dynamics in the pseudo‐micelle are not representative of those in the full micelle. The computational approach used herein is expected to yield molecular‐level information that can aid in understanding in‐vitro drug release data from nano‐sized micelles.
Current and emerging opportunities in biological medium‐based computing and digital data storage
Authors: Bennet Devasier , Vo‐Dinh Tuan , Zenhausern Frederic 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTraditional storage methods have limitations and concerns regarding capacity, decay, and sustainability. These drawbacks can be mitigated by developing long‐term digital information storage systems using deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which are often referred to as DNA‐based data storage. These advanced technologies for storing big data are emulated by DNA synthesis, DNA sequencing, and encoding and decoding algorithms that can pack information into DNA, extreme durability, environmental sustainability, energy conservation, and eternal relevance, and at higher density than the conventional systems. This field has arisen to become a hot topic for researchers in the past decade, with significant breakthroughs in its course. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in in vivo DNA digital storage and in vitro DNA digital storage with novel modalities, preservation techniques, applications, and practical and technical issues. Also summarize the field of in vivo molecular writing mode that records and stores data within cells' genomes, which lie at the growing intersection of biocomputing and biotechnology.
Tumor‐immune landscape patterns before and after chemoradiation in resectable esophageal adenocarcinomas
Authors: Soeratram Tanya TD , Creemers Aafke , Meijer Sybren L , de Boer Onno J , Vos Wim , Hooijer Gerrit KJ , van Berge Henegouwen Mark I , Hulshof Maarten CCM , Bergman Jacques JGHM , Lei Ming , Bijlsma Maarten F , Ylstra Bauke , van Grieken Nicole CT , van Laarhoven Hanneke WM 
Published: November 2021

AbstractImmunotherapy is a new anti‐cancer treatment option, showing promising results in clinical trials. To investigate potential immune biomarkers in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), we explored immune landscape patterns in the tumor microenvironment before and after neoadjuvant chemoradiation (nCRT). Sections from matched pretreatment biopsies and post‐nCRT resection specimens (n = 188) were stained for (1) programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1, CD274); (2) programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1, CD279), forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), CD8, pan‐cytokeratin multiplex; and (3) an MHC class I, II duplex. The densities of tumor‐associated immune cells (TAICs) were calculated using digital image analyses and correlated to histopathological nCRT response [tumor regression grade (TRG)], survival, and post‐nCRT immune patterns. PD‐L1 positivity defined by a combined positive score of >1 was associated with a better response post‐nCRT (TRG 1–3 versus 4, 5, p = 0.010). In addition, high combined mean densities of CD8+, FOXP3+, and PD‐1+ TAICs in the tumor epithelium and stroma of biopsies were associated with a better response (TRG 1–3 versus 4, 5, p = 0.025 and p = 0.044, respectively). Heterogeneous TAIC density patterns were observed post‐nCRT, with significantly higher CD8+ and PD‐1+ TAIC mean densities compared with biopsies (both p = 0.000). Three immune landscape patterns were defined post‐nCRT: ‘inflamed’, ‘invasive margin’, and ‘desert’, of which ‘inflamed’ was the most frequent (57%). Compared with matched biopsies, resection specimens with ‘inflamed’ tumors showed a significantly higher increase in CD8+ density compared with non‐inflamed tumors post‐nCRT (p = 0.000). In this cohort of EAC patients, higher TAIC densities in pretreatment biopsies were associated with response to nCRT. This warrants future research into the potential of the tumor‐immune landscape for patient stratification and novel (immune) therapeutic strategies. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Elucidating the role of the kinase activity of endothelial cell focal adhesion kinase in angiocrine signalling and tumour growth
Authors: Newport Emma , Pedrosa Ana Rita , Lees Delphine , Dukinfield Matthew , Carter Edward , Gomez‐Escudero Jesus , Casado Pedro , Rajeeve Vinothini , Reynolds Louise E , R Cutillas Pedro , Duffy Stephen W , De Luxán Delgado Beatriz , Hodivala‐Dilke Kairbaan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA common limitation of cancer treatments is chemotherapy resistance. We have previously identified that endothelial cell (EC)‐specific deletion of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) sensitises tumour cells to DNA‐damaging therapies, reducing tumour growth in mice. The present study addressed the kinase activity dependency of EC FAK sensitisation to the DNA‐damaging chemotherapeutic drug, doxorubicin. FAK is recognised as a therapeutic target in tumour cells, leading to the development of a range of inhibitors, the majority being ATP competitive kinase inhibitors. We demonstrate that inactivation of EC FAK kinase domain (kinase dead; EC FAK‐KD) in established subcutaneous B16F0 tumours improves melanoma cell sensitisation to doxorubicin. Doxorubicin treatment in EC FAK‐KD mice reduced the percentage change in exponential B16F0 tumour growth further than in wild‐type mice. There was no difference in tumour blood vessel numbers, vessel perfusion or doxorubicin delivery between genotypes, suggesting a possible angiocrine effect on the regulation of tumour growth. Doxorubicin reduced perivascular malignant cell proliferation, while enhancing perivascular tumour cell apoptosis and DNA damage in tumours grown in EC FAK‐KD mice 48 h after doxorubicin injection. Human pulmonary microvascular ECs treated with the pharmacological FAK kinase inhibitors defactinib, PF‐562,271 or PF‐573,228 in combination with doxorubicin also reduced cytokine expression levels. Together, these data suggest that targeting EC FAK kinase activity may alter angiocrine signals that correlate with improved acute tumour cell chemosensitisation. © 2021 The Authors.The Journal of Pathologypublished by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
New covalent bonding ability for proteins
Authors: Cao Li , Wang Lei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo expand protein's covalent bonding ability, latent bioreactive unnatural amino acids have been designed and genetically encoded into proteins, which react with specific natural amino acid residues through proximity‐enabled bioreactivity. The resultant new covalent bonds can be selectively created within and between proteins in vitro, in cells, and in vivo. Offering diverse properties previously unattainable, these covalent linkages have been harnessed to enhance protein properties, to modulate protein function, to probe ligand–receptor binding, to identify elusive protein interactions, and to develop covalent protein drugs. Selective introduction of covalent bonds into proteins is affording novel avenues for biological studies, synthetic biology, and biotherapeutics.
In‐Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Observation of Germanium Growth on Freestanding Graphene: Unfolding Mechanism of 3D Crystal Growth During Van der Waals Epitaxy
Authors: Diallo Thierno Mamoudou , Aziziyan Mohammad Reza , Arvinte Roxana , Harmand Jean‐Christophe , Patriarche Gilles , Renard Charles , Fafard Simon , Arès Richard , Boucherif Abderraouf 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBreakthroughs in cutting‐edge research fields such as hetero‐integration of materials and the development of quantum devices are heavily bound to the control of misfit strain during heteroepitaxy. While remote epitaxy offers one of the most intriguing avenues, demonstrations of functional hybrid heterostructures are hardly possible without a deep understanding of the nucleation and growth kinetics of 3D crystals on graphene and their mutual interactions. Here, the kinetics of such processes from real‐time observations of germanium (Ge) growth on freestanding single layer graphene (SLG) using in‐situ transmission electron microscopy are unraveled. This powerful technique provides a unique opportunity to observe new and yet unexplored phenomena, which are not accessible to the standard ex situ characterizations. Through direct observations, remote interactions are elucidated between Ge crystals through the graphene layer in double heterostructures of Ge/graphene/Ge. Notably, the data show real‐time evidence of vertical Ge atoms diffusion through the graphene layer. This phenomenon is attributed to the remote interactions of Ge atoms through the graphene lattice, due to its interatomic interaction transparency. Additionally, key mechanisms governing nucleation and initial growth in graphene were systematically determined. These findings enlighten the growth mechanism of graphene and provide a new pathway for disruptive hybrid semiconductor‐graphene devices.
Critical Role of Phosphorus in Hollow Structures Cobalt‐Based Phosphides as Bifunctional Catalysts for Water Splitting
Authors: Zhang Wei , Han Ning , Luo Jiangshui , Han Xu , Feng Shihui , Guo Wei , Xie Sijie , Zhou Zhenyu , Subramanian Palaniappan , Wan Kai , Arbiol Jordi , Zhang Chi , Liu Shaomin , Xu Maowen , Zhang Xuan , Fransaer Jan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCobalt phosphides electrocatalysts have great potential for water splitting, but the unclear active sides hinder the further development of cobalt phosphides. Wherein, three different cobalt phosphides with the same hollow structure morphology (CoP‐HS, CoP2‐HS, CoP3‐HS) based on the same sacrificial template of ZIF‐67 are prepared. Surprisingly, these cobalt phosphides exhibit similar OER performances but quite different HER performances. The identical OER performance of these CoPx‐HS in alkaline solution is attributed to the similar surface reconstruction to CoOOH. CoP‐HS exhibits the best catalytic activity for HER among these CoPx‐HS in both acidic and alkaline media, originating from the adjusted electronic density of phosphorus to affect absorption–desorption process on H. Moreover, the calculated ΔGH* based on P‐sites of CoP‐HS follows a quite similar trend with the normalized overpotential and Tafel slope, indicating the important role of P‐sites for the HER process. Moreover, CoP‐HS displays good performance (cell voltage of 1.67 V at a current density of 50 mA cm−2) and high stability in 1 M KOH. For the first time, this work detailly presents the critical role of phosphorus in cobalt‐based phosphides for water splitting, which provides the guidance for future investigations on transition metal phosphides from material design to mechanism understanding.