bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficiency of modified Goldman’s technique in open pediatric septoplasty
Authors: Sabry Omar , Dewidar Hazem , Aziz Mosaad abdel , Elemam Amr , Nassar Ahmed 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Performing nasal surgery on children has been the subject of controversy among surgeons. Specifically, the indications for and timing of septoplasty in children have been debated for the last several decades.
In this study, we access the efficacy of the modified Goldman’s technique in dealing with caudal septal deviation in pediatric population suffering from severe nasal obstruction and its effect on nasal functions postoperatively.
In this study, 30 pediatric patients suffering from deviated nasal septum who are candidate for septoplasty were included and underwent open septoplasty using modified Goldman’s technique.
They were subjected to detailed assessment protocol preoperatively including NOSE scale, anterior rhinomanometry, and CT scans. Follow-up assessment was done at second week postoperative including anterior rhinoscopy and nasal endoscopy and 3 months postoperative including NOSE scale and anterior rhinomanometry.

Results
There was a statistically significant decrease of the NOSE scale severity to none in 90% of cases. Three months postoperative, all of the patients performed postoperative anterior active rhinomanometry with statistically significant decrease in the postoperative total nasal resistance values with inspiratory values ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 Pa/cm3/s with mean of 0.26 Pa/cm3/s and expiratory nasal resistance values ranging from 0.1 to 0.6 Pa/cm3/s with mean of 0.31 Pa/cm3/s.

Conclusions
Open septoplasty in children using the modified Goldman’s technique has enabled accurate and conservative approach for correction of nasal septal deviation especially those located in the caudal septal region. The technique also offers a significant reduction of the nasal symptoms postoperatively with marked improvement of the nasal resistance and quality of life in severe cases of deviated nasal septum.
Randomized Phase III Study of FOLFOX Alone or With Pegilodecakin as Second-Line Therapy in Patients With Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer That Progressed After Gemcitabine (SEQUOIA)
Authors: Hecht J. Randolph , Lonardi Sara , Bendell Johanna , Sim Hao-Wen , Macarulla Teresa , Lopez Charles D. , Van Cutsem Eric , Muñoz Martin Andres J. , Park Joon Oh , Greil Richard , Wang Hong , Hozak Rebecca R. , Gueorguieva Ivelina , Lin Yong , Rao Sujata , Ryoo Baek-Yeol 
Published: February 2021

PURPOSE SEQUOIA compared efficacy and safety of adding pegilodecakin (PEG), a pegylated recombinant human interleukin (IL)-10, with folinic acid, fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) in patients following progression on first-line gemcitabine-containing therapy with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). PATIENTS AND METHODS SEQUOIA, a randomized, global phase III study, compared FOLFOX with PEG + FOLFOX as second line in gemcitabine-refractory PDAC. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 (PEG + FOLFOX:FOLFOX) and stratified by prior gemcitabine and region. Eligible patients had only one prior gemcitabine-containing treatment. Primary end point was overall survival (OS). Secondary end points included progression-free survival (PFS), response evaluation per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumor (RECIST) 1.1, and safety. Exploratory analyses included biomarkers related to immune activation. RESULTS Between March 1, 2017, and September 9, 2019, 567 patients were randomly assigned PEG + FOLFOX (n = 283) or FOLFOX (n = 284). Most (94.7%) patients received prior gemcitabine plus nab paclitaxel. OS was similar comparing PEG + FOLFOX versus FOLFOX (median: 5.8 v 6.3 months; hazard ratio = 1.045; 95% CI, 0.863 to 1.265). Also, PFS (median 2.1 v 2.1 months; hazard ratio = 0.981; 95% CI, 0.808 to 1.190) and objective response rate (4.6% v 5.6%) were similar between the treatment arms. Most common (≥ 35%) treatment-emergent adverse events in PEG + FOLFOX versus FOLFOX were thrombocytopenia (55% v 20%), anemia (40% v 16%), fatigue (61% v 45%), neutropenia (39% v 28%), abdominal pain (37% v 29%), nausea (45% v 41%), neuropathy (37% v 38%), and decreased appetite (35% v 31%). Exploratory analyses revealed increases in total IL-18, interferon (IFN)-γ, and granzyme B and decreases in transforming growth factor (TGF)-β with the addition of PEG. CONCLUSION PEG added to FOLFOX did not improve efficacy in advanced gemcitabine-refractory PDAC. Safety findings were consistent as previously observed from PEG with chemotherapy; toxicity was manageable and tolerable. Exploratory pharmacodynamic results were consistent with immunostimulatory signals of the IL-10R pathway.
Metformin as adjunctive therapy for dengue in overweight and obese patients: a protocol for an open-label clinical trial (MeDO)
Authors: Nguyen Nguyet Minh , Chanh Ho Quang , Tam Dong Thi Hoai , Vuong Nguyen Lam , Chau Nguyen Thi Xuan , Chau Nguyen Van Vinh , Phong Nguyen Thanh , Trieu Huynh Trung , Luong Thi Hue Tai , Cao Thi Tam , Dinh The Trung , Duyen Huynh Thi Le , Van Ninh Thi Thanh , Nguyen Than Ha Quyen , Rivino Laura , Gallagher Peter , Jones Nick K. , Geskus Ronald B. , Kestelyn Evelyne , Yacoub Sophie 
Published: February 2021

Background: Dengue is a disease of major global importance. While most symptomatic infections are mild, a small proportion of patients progress to severe disease with risk of hypovolaemic shock, organ dysfunction and death. In the absence of effective antiviral or disease modifying drugs, clinical management is solely reliant on supportive measures. Obesity is a growing problem among young people in Vietnam and is increasingly recognised as an important risk factor for severe dengue, likely due to alterations in host immune and inflammatory pathways. Metformin, a widely used anti-hyperglycaemic agent with excellent safety profile, has demonstrated potential as a dengue therapeutic in vitro and in a retrospective observational study of adult dengue patients with type 2 diabetes. This study aims to assess the safety and tolerability of metformin treatment in overweight and obese dengue patients, and investigate its effects on several clinical, immunological and virological markers of disease severity. Methods: This open label trial of 120 obese/overweight dengue patients will be performed in two phases, with a metformin dose escalation if no safety concerns arise in phase one. The primary endpoint is identification of clinical and laboratory adverse events. Sixty overweight and obese dengue patients aged 10-30 years will be enrolled at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Participants will complete a 5-day course of metformin therapy and be compared to a non-treated group of 60 age-matched overweight and obese dengue patients. Discussion: Previously observed antiviral and immunomodulatory effects of metformin make it a promising dengue therapeutic candidate in appropriately selected patients. This study will assess the safety and tolerability of adjunctive metformin in the management of overweight and obese young dengue patients, as well as its effects on markers of viral replication, endothelial dysfunction and host immune responses. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04377451 (May 6th 2020).
Urogenital pathology, herpetic infection and the state of immunity
Authors: Novikov M. V. , Goydyk V. S. 
Published: February 2021

The main indexes of immune status have been learnt in 150 patients with urogenital infection. The results obtained were compared with those of 30 healthy volonteers. The disturbanses of immunity and formation of the secondary immunodeficiency in the group of patients with virus damage of urogenital system had been revealed. To correct timely therapeutic schemes and increase the treatment’s efficacy additional researches are necessary.
Optimization of complex therapy and rehabilitation of the musculoskeletal system in osteosarcopenia and vitamin D deficiency in postmenopausal women
Authors: Turchin N. I. 
Published: February 2021

Osteosarcopenia, i.e. combination of low muscle mass and reduced bone mineral density, is associated with aging and recognised as public health burden. The objective: to determine the possibility of treatment and rehabilitation to increase the functional capabilities of the musculoskeletal system in OSP and vitamin D deficiency in postmenopausal women. Materials and methods. 178 women aged 55.7 ± 0.6 years old, among them 148 OSP patients. Densitometry was performed, 25 (OH) D level in blood serum, C - terminal telopeptide, degradation product of type 1 collagen (CTx) were determined, functional tests were used. Results and conclusions. Complex use of physical rehabilitation (multifunctional trainer "HUBER") in combination with drug therapy (vitamin D, denosumab) promotes more effective increase of the functional capabilities of the musculoskeletal system: muscle strength, stability, coordination of movements, reduces functional limitations; promotes more effective treatment of structural and functional changes in bone tissue, increase BMD. Functional tests of the state of musculoskeletal tissue falls and are highly informative in terms of predicting the risk of fractures (impaired coordination and FraxAll, stability and FraxAl, risk of falls and FraxAll, dynamometry and FraxAll.
Interaction between diabetes-associated disorders of the salivary glands and oral mucosa (literature review)
Authors: Tkachuk S. S. , Tkachuk O. V. , Galagdina A. A. , Povar M. A. , Yasinska O. V. 
Published: February 2021

The aim of the study: to analyze literature sources concerning interaction between pathogenesis of lesions of the salivary glands and oral mucous membrane in patients suffering from diabetes mellitus (DM). Conclusion. Analysis of the current literature is quite explicit on the point concerning interdependence of lesions of the salivary glands and morphofunctional changes of the oral mucosa with diabetes mellitus.
Pathomorphological changes in the structure of intervertebral disc after seven and fourteen days of experimental opioid use
Authors: Pankiv M. V. , Paltov Y. V. 
Published: February 2021

We aimed to study the pathomorphological changes in the structure of intervertebral disc in the early stages of the experimental opioid use. This goal was achieved by the use of histological visualization of the intervertebral disc’s structures. Histological specimens were prepared according to the typical methods using such specimens as hematoxylin, eosin, azan and due to Heidenhain method, McManus PAS-reaction and Steedman alcian blue method.The results of this study will let form a pathomorphological basis that could be used for comparative characterization of the growth dynamics of pathomorphological changes in the intervertebral disc’s structures in the early stages and compare these changes to pathomorphological signs in the late stages of experimental opioid use. These findings will provide an opportunity to establish the most appropriate time limits when these pathomorphological changes in the structure of the intervertebral disc develop and to observe the dynamics of these changes in the long term experimental opioid use.
Body posture and competitive sport - a review of selected studies
Authors: Makarczuk Anna Krystyna 
Published: February 2021

Increased motor activity does not unequivocally affect the incidence rates of correct and incorrect postures and practising physical exercise does not ensure good posture. One-sided load that occurs in competitive sports affects the formation of physiological curves of the spine, most often causing their deepening. In disciplines characterised by asymmetry of movements, lateral curvatures of the spine occur more often than in others.In order to achieve a posture considered to be correct, in addition to general development and sports result-oriented exercises, it is necessary to consciously shape and correct it. This is especially important when working with children and youth. It should be remembered that the susceptibility of the spine to changes in the shape of curves is different and depends on age. Wolański studied the so-called critical periods of posturogenesis among Warsaw youth and stated that the most dangerous age is between 12 and 15 for boys and between 10 and 13 for girls.It is then that the thoracic and lumbar curves are characterised by the greatest lability. They are very often deepened, which the author explains, among others changes in body proportions, i.e. elongation of the lower limbs. The commencement of professional training often takes place during this period, therefore, compensatory exercises should be its permanent element.
Magnetic resonance imaging as a diagnostic method
Authors: Ręba Patrycja 
Published: February 2021

AdmissionIn human medicine, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the leading and most popular diagnostic methods. In veterinary medicine, initially, MRI was treated mainly as a research tool, but with the development of veterinary specializations, an increase in the number of specialists, reference clinics, but also an increase in awareness and expectations of animal owners, MRI began to play a key role in the clinical practice of small animals - dogs and cats , exotic animals and horses.Aim The aim of the study is the analysis of magnetic resonance as a diagnostic method.Material and method Review of the available literature on the subject.ResultsMagnetic resonance imaging is based on the phenomenon of nuclear magnetic resonance, characteristic of the nuclei of elements with an odd number of protons or neutrons, and therefore having a momentum (spin) and a magnetic moment. The most commonly used element is the hydrogen atom, thanks to its richness in living organisms. The general scheme of how MRI works is a five-step process involving the following phenomena:Placing the patient in a constant homogeneous electromagnetic fieldRadio frequency (RF) signal emissionInterruption in RF signal emissionRF feedback by the bodyProcessing of the emitted signal and image reconstruction.Currently, the most popular areas of research are the central nervous system (brain and spine) and the musculoskeletal system. The test allows you to diagnose intracranial diseases such as: birth defects, inflammatory changes in the brain tissue, demyelinating diseases or cancer. Conclusions The versatility of magnetic resonance imaging, both in terms of species diversity (small animals, horses, exotic animals) and imaging areas (central and peripheral nervous system, bones with their joints, muscle tissue) has made MRI a very important method diagnostic used in clinical veterinary medicine. The other advantages of magnetic resonance imaging include imaging in three planes, enabling subsequent three-dimensional reconstruction, no harmful X-rays and the possibility of using contrast agents.
Marrying Stochastic Gradient Descent with Bandits: Learning Algorithms for Inventory Systems with Fixed Costs
Authors: Yuan Hao , Luo Qi , Shi Cong 
Published: February 2021

We consider a periodic-review single-product inventory system with fixed cost under censored demand. Under full demand distributional information, it is well known that the celebrated (s, S) policy is optimal. In this paper, we assume the firm does not know the demand distribution a priori and makes adaptive inventory ordering decisions in each period based only on the past sales (a.k.a. censored demand). Our performance measure is regret, which is the cost difference between a feasible learning algorithm and the clairvoyant (full-information) benchmark. Compared with prior literature, the key difficulty of this problem lies in the loss of joint convexity of the objective function as a result of the presence of fixed cost. We develop the first learning algorithm, termed the [Formula: see text] policy, that combines the power of stochastic gradient descent, bandit controls, and simulation-based methods in a seamless and nontrivial fashion. We prove that the cumulative regret is [Formula: see text], which is provably tight up to a logarithmic factor. We also develop several technical results that are of independent interest. We believe that the developed framework could be widely applied to learning other important stochastic systems with partial convexity in the objectives. This paper was accepted by Chung Piaw Teo, optimization.
Leasing, Modularity, and the Circular Economy
Authors: Agrawal Vishal , Atasu Atalay , Ülkü Sezer 
Published: February 2021

We investigate the economic and environmental implications of jointly implementing leasing and modularity, two prominent circular economy strategies, and their interaction. We develop a durable goods model to obtain insights for firms considering the use of these strategies. We first analyze the effect of adopting leasing on a firm’s product architecture choice. We find that a modular product architecture is more attractive under leasing only if off-lease products depreciate to a greater extent. We next analyze the effect of adopting a modular product architecture on the firm’s business model choice. We find that adopting a modular architecture can cause a leasing firm to switch to selling but will not lead a selling firm to switch to leasing. Building on these results, we show that leasing a modular product is preferred by the firm only under limited conditions (i.e., when production costs are low, off-lease products are in relatively better condition, and when there is a large difference between depreciation levels of different modules). Finally, we show that jointly implementing leasing and modularity can also lead to higher environmental impact than only adopting leasing or modularity in isolation. This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.
Understanding local and scientific knowledge about flooding adaptations in low-lying areas of Central Vietnam
Authors: TRAN Huynh Bao Chau , UBUKATA Fumikazu 
Published: February 2021

This research focuses on clarifying the local and scientific knowledge about flooding adaptations, the interaction between local knowledge and scientific information in the low-lying area of Central Vietnam is analyzed. Data was obtained using three techniques including: semi-structured interviews, direct observation and household surveys. Responses indicate that the villagers have accumulated and inherited this type of knowledge in their society for a long time. The level of local knowledge is affected by gender, occupation and house location. This implies that the villagers’ social roles and their everyday interactions with the natural environment have nurtured an accumulated local knowledge. Scientific information is provided by the National Committee for Flood and Storm Control and National Center for Hydrometeorology Prediction. It contains information regarding disaster type, intensity, risk level and directions. The information is transferred to local people through mass media, social networks and official documents. However, local people are credulous toward scientific information given by the state. It was found that many villagers are not likely to follow the official guideline, especially the villagers with a high level of local knowledge.
Nghiên cứu tập trung làm rõ kiến thức bản địa và khoa học về thích ứng lũ lụt cũng như mối tương tác của chúng ở vùng trũng thấp miền Trung Việt Nam. Dữ liệu được thu thập bằng cách sử dụng kết hợp ba phương pháp bao gồm phỏng vấn bán cấu trúc, quan sát trực tiếp và khảo sát hộ gia đình. Các kết quả nghiên cứu chỉ ra rằng người dân đã tích lũy và kế thừa kiến thức bản địa từ xã hội của họ trong một thời gian dài. Mức độ kiến thức bản địa bị ảnh hưởng bởi giới tính, nghề nghiệp và vị trí nhà ở. Vai trò xã hội và những tương tác hàng ngày của người dân với môi trường tự nhiên đã nuôi dưỡng và tích lũy kiến thức bản địa. Thông tin khoa học được cung cấp bởi Ủy ban Phòng chống lụt bão Quốc gia và Trung tâm Dự báo Khí tượng Thủy văn Quốc gia. Các thông tin về loại thiên tai, cường độ, mức độ rủi ro và hướng chỉ dẫn được thông báo. Thông tin này được chuyển đến người dân thông qua các phương tiện thông tin đại chúng, mạng xã hội và các văn bản chính thức. Tuy nhiên, người dân địa phương chủ quan trước những thông tin khoa học do cơ quan nhà nước đưa ra. Nhiều người dân không tuân theo các hướng dẫn chính thức của chính quyền địa phương, đặc biệt là những người có mức độ kiến thức bản địa được đánh giá cao.
Adaptation of leaf morphology of the Eurycoma longifolia Jack to different site conditions in the province of Thua Thien Hue, Central Vietnam
Authors: VAN Thi Yen , NGUYEN Hoang Loc , NGUYEN Thi Hong Mai , KRABEL Doris 
Published: February 2021

Leaf area and stomata are important parameters in studies of taxonomic classification since both parameters might reflect the plant adaptation mechanisms to different environmental conditions. This study analyzed Eurycoma longifolia Jack leaf traits in different ecological regions (moisture zone: A Luoi, Bach Ma, Nam Dong; dry zone: Phong Dien) and leaves of seedlings in the nursery. The study used scanners and Images to measure leaf area; imagej and the AxioVision SE64 softwares were used to evaluate stomatal density by separating the lower cuticle through a clear nail polish impression. Our results showed that the leaf area of mature trees from the dry zone is smaller (355.7 and 484.1 cm2/leaf), however, the stomata density is higher than that of the humid area (284.4 and 137.9 stomata/mm2). Under the same nursery conditions, the seedlings' leaf area was similar while seedlings' stomatal density, originated from the dry zone, was lower. Results indicate that the stomatal density changes as an adaptation to changing habitat conditions. This study gives indicates that E. longifolia is a tree species with high adaptability given the leaf morphology changes under a changing climate. Therefore, this tree species should be a priority for planting in order to increase biodiversity in different ecological regions.
Đặc điểm diện tích lá và mật độ khí khổng là những thông số quan trọng trong các nghiên cứu phân loại học nhằm phản ánh cơ chế thích nghi của thực vật với điều kiện sống. Vì thế nghiên cứu này đã tiến hành phân tích các đặc điểm của lá cây Bách bệnh (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) từ các vùng khác nhau (A Lưới, Bạch Mã, Nam Đông: vùng ẩm và Phong Điền: vùng khô) và lá cây con của chúng ở vườn ươm. Nghiên cứu đã sử dụng máy quét và ImageJ để đo diện tích lá và phần mềm AxioVision SE64 và ImageJ để đánh giá mật độ khí khổng thông qua tách lớp biểu bì phía dưới lá qua lớp sơn mỏng Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, diện tích lá của cây trưởng thành từ vùng khô nhỏ hơn (355.7 and 484.1 cm2/leaf) nhưng mật độ khí khổng lại lớn hơn so với vùng ẩm (284.4 and 137.9 stomata/mm2). Tuy nhiên, cùng điều kiện sống ở vườn ươm, diện tích lá của cây con tương tự nhau trong khi mật độ khí khổng của cây con có nguồn gốc từ vùng khô lại thấp hơn. Kết quả này chỉ ra rằng sự thay đổi của mật độ khí khổng như là một sự thích nghi với thay đổi của điều kiện môi trường sống. Từ đó nghiên cứu này cho thấy cây Bách bệnh là một loài cây gỗ với khả năng thích nghi cao nhờ sự thay đổi về đặc điểm hình thái lá khi thay đổi khí hậu cho nên loài cây này nên được ưu tiên trong việc gây trồng nhằm tăng cường tính đa dạng cho các vùng sinh thái khác nhau.