bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High levels of standardized ileal digestible amino acids improve feed efficiency in slow‐growing pigs at late grower‐finisher stage
Authors: Camp Montoro Jordi , Solà‐Oriol David , Muns Ramon , Gasa Josep , Llanes Núria , Manzanilla Edgar Garcia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSlow‐growing pigs negatively affect production efficiency in conventional pig farms by increasing the occupation time of the facilities and being a limiting factor for the All‐In/All‐Out swine production systems. This subset of pigs is usually managed with the rest of the pigs, and their nutrient requirements may not be fulfilled. The purpose of the present study was to compare the productive performance of slow‐ and fast‐growing pigs to different standardized ileal digestible (SID) amino acids (AA) dietary levels at late grower–finisher stage. A total of 84 pigs were weighed, tagged, and classified as slow‐growing (SG;n = 48; 24.1 ± 1.38 kg) or fast‐growing pigs (FG;n = 36; 42.7 ± 1.63 kg) at 11 weeks of age. Pigs were housed in mixed sex pens (n = 8 SG+6 FG/pen) equipped with feeding stations to record daily feed intake per individual pig. Pigs were assigned to three dietary treatments resulting in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement at 15 weeks of age. Isoenergetic diets were formulated by increasing the ideal protein profile based on the following SID lysine (Lys) levels: 0.92%, 1.18% and 1.45%. Pigs were weighed bi‐weekly until 21 weeks of age. Fast‐growing pigs were 33.7 kg heavier, gained 255 g/day and consumed 625.5 g/day more than SG pigs (p < 0.001). No interaction or diet effects were observed for final body weight, average daily gain and average daily feed intake (p > 0.05). However, feed conversion ratio was 0.3 lower for SG pigs fed 1.45% SID Lys/AA compared to SG pigs fed 0.92% SID Lys/AA (p = 0.002). Feed conversion ratio was not different within the FG pigs’ dietary treatments (p > 0.05). The efficiency of SG pigs may be improved when dietary SID AA levels are increased from 0.92 up to 1.45% SID Lys/AA. Thus, nutrient requirements may vary depending on growth rate at the same age, and SG pigs may require higher dietary SID AA levels than FG pigs to achieve similar productive performance.
Assessing urine ammonium concentration by urine osmolal gap in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Fujimaru Takuya , Shuo Takuya , Nagahama Masahiko , Taki Fumika , Nakayama Masaaki , Komatsu Yasuhiro 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAcidemia is one of the risk factors for end‐stage kidney disease and increases the mortality rate of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although urinary ammonium (U‐NH4+) is the crucial component of renal acid excretion, U‐NH4+ concentration is not routinely measured. To estimate U‐NH4+, urine osmolal gap (UOG = urine osmolality − [2(Na+ + K+) + urea + glucose]) is calculated and the formula (U‐NH4+ = UOG/2) has traditionally been used. However, the usefulness of this formula is controversial in CKD patients. We assessed the relationship between U‐NH4+ and UOG in patients with CKD. Blood and spot urine samples were collected in 36 patients who had non‐dialysis‐dependent CKD. The mean ± SD age of patients was 72.0 ± 14.8 years, and the mean ± SD serum creatinine and U‐NH4+ were 2.7 ± 2.3 mg/dl and 9.3 ± 9.2 mmol/L, respectively. A significant relationship was found between UOG/2 and U‐NH4+ (r = .925, p < .0001). U‐NH4+ estimated using the UOG was on average higher by 4.7 mmol/L than the measured one. Our results suggested that UOG could be a useful tool in clinical settings, especially in patients with moderate to severe CKD.
A deep learning approach to automate whole‐genome prediction of diverse epigenomic modifications in plants
Authors: Wang Yifan , Zhang Pingxian , Guo Weijun , Liu Hanqing , Li Xiulan , Zhang Qian , Du Zhuoying , Hu Guihua , Han Xiao , Pu Li , Tian Jian , Gu Xiaofeng 
Published: July 2021

Summary

Epigenetic modifications function in gene transcription, RNA metabolism, and other biological processes. However, multiple factors currently limit the scientific utility of epigenomic datasets generated for plants.

Here, using deep‐learning approaches, we developed a Smart Model for Epigenetics in Plants (SMEP) to predict six types of epigenomic modifications: DNA 5‐methylcytosine (5mC) and N6‐methyladenosine (6mA) methylation, RNA N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) methylation, and three types of histone modification.

Using the datasets from the japonica rice Nipponbare, SMEP achieved 95% prediction accuracy for 6mA, and also achieved around 80% for 5mC, m6A, and the three types of histone modification based on the 10‐fold cross‐validation. Additionally, > 95% of the 6mA peaks detected after a heat‐shock treatment were predicted. We also successfully applied the SMEP for examining epigenomic modifications in indica rice 93‐11 and even the B73 maize line.

Taken together, we show that the deep‐learning‐enabled SMEP can reliably mine epigenomic datasets from diverse plants to yield actionable insights about epigenomic sites. Thus, our work opens new avenues for the application of predictive tools to facilitate functional research, and will almost certainly increase the efficiency of genome engineering efforts.
A test of Sensory Drive in plant–pollinator interactions: heterogeneity in the signalling environment shapes pollinator preference for a floral visual signal
Authors: Finnell Lindsay M. , Koski Matthew H. 
Published: July 2021

SummarySensory Drive predicts that habitat‐dependent signal transmission and perception explain the diversification of communication signals. Whether Sensory Drive shapes floral evolution remains untested in nature. Pollinators ofArgentina anserinaprefer small ultraviolet (UV)‐absorbing floral guides at low elevation but larger guides at high. However, mechanisms underlying differential preference are unclear. High elevation populations experience elevated UV irradiance and frequently flower against bare substrates rather than foliage, potentially impacting signal transmission and perception.At high and low elevation extremes, we experimentally tested the effects of UV light (ambient vs reduced) and floral backgrounds (foliage vs bare) on pollinator choice for UV guide size. We examined how different signalling environments shaped pollinator‐perceived flower colour using visual system models.At high elevation, pollinators preferred locally common large UV guides under ambient UV, but lacked preference under reduced UV. Flies preferred large guides only against bare substrate, the common high elevation background. Ambient UV amplified contrast of large UV guides with floral backgrounds, and flowers contrasted more with bare ground than foliage.Results support that local signalling conditions contribute to pollinator preference for a floral visual signal, a key tenet of Sensory Drive. Components of Sensory Drive could shape floral signal evolution in other plants spanning heterogeneous signalling environments.
The role of philosophy in the development and practice of nursing: Past, present and future
Authors: Bender Miriam , Grace Pamela J. , Green Catherine , Hopkins‐Walsh Jane , Kirkevold Marit , Petrovskaya Olga , Paljevic Esma D. , Sellman Derek 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article summarizes a virtual live‐streamed panel event that occurred in August 2020 and was cosponsored by the International Philosophy of Nursing Society (IPONS) and the University of California, Irvine's Center for Nursing Philosophy. The event consisted of a series of three self‐contained panel discussions focusing on the past, present and future of IPONS and was moderated by the current Chair of IPONS, Catherine Green. The first panel discussion explored the history of IPONS and the journal Nursing Philosophy. The second panel involved a reflection on the challenges of doing nursing philosophy in a research‐intensive context of a Canadian university and the history and current movements in nursing philosophy in the Nordic countries. The final panel involved presentations on the future potential for philosophy in/and for nursing, the critical connections between nursing philosophy and nursing theory, dismantling racism in nursing and the potential for process philosophy to help explore nursing's unique efficacy in creating possibilities for health. The panels were followed by a lively Q&A session with participants, of which there were 252 registrants from across the globe. The event underscored the wide and diverse interests of nurses in philosophical discussion and the need for more virtual events and other connective modalities bringing nurses together to discuss and analyze the value and potential of philosophy to better understand and advance nursing theory and practice.
Monetary Policy and Corporate Debt Structure*
Authors: Lhuissier Stéphane , Szczerbowicz Urszula 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper evaluates and compares the effects of conventional and unconventional monetary policies on the corporate debt structure in the United States. It does so by using a vector autoregression in which policy shocks are identified through high‐frequency external instruments. Our results show that both monetary policies shift the firms’ composition of external financing, though in a different way. An expansionary conventional (unconventional) monetary policy leads to a rise (decline) in loans and a decline (rise) in debt securities issuance. Our results suggest that unconventional monetary policy operated primarily through a portfolio rebalancing channel, rather than through a bank lending channel.
The effects of a corticotomy on space closure by molar protraction using TSADs in patients with missing mandibular first molars
Authors: Park Jae Hyun , Kim Kyung Wook , Lee Nam‐Ki , Ku Ja Hyeong , Kim Jaehyun , Kook Yoon‐Ah , Chou Alex Hung Kuo , Kim Yoonji 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a triangular‐shaped corticotomy on the protraction of second and third molars in patients with missing mandibular first molars.Subjects and MethodsThe corticotomy and non‐corticotomy groups consisted of sixteen first molars in fifteen patients (28.6 ± 9.4 years) and nineteen first molars in fifteen patients (26.6 ± 8.4 years), respectively. A triangular‐shaped corticotomy was performed between the second premolar and molar. Temporary skeletal anchorage devices (TSADs) were placed between the first and second premolars in both groups. Mandibular dentition variables were measured on the pre and post‐treatment panoramic radiographs and lateral cephalograms. Analysis of covariance was performed.ResultsThe corticotomy group exhibited 2.8 mm more inter‐radicular correction between the second molar to second premolar roots (P < .001) and 1.6 mm more inter‐radicular distance correction between the third molar to second premolar roots compared to the non‐corticotomy group (P < .01). The corticotomy group required 5.5 months less treatment time for space closure (P < .05), but the total treatment time was the same for both groups.ConclusionsThe inter‐radicular distance between the mandibular second premolar and molar and treatment times for space closure was significantly reduced in the corticotomy group.
The mediating role of fear of COVID‐19 in the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and depression
Authors: Voitsidis Panteleimon , Nikopoulou Vasiliki Aliki , Holeva Vasiliki , Parlapani Eleni , Sereslis Konstantinos , Tsipropoulou Virginia , Karamouzi Panayiota , Giazkoulidou Aikaterini , Tsopaneli Nektaria , Diakogiannis Ioannis 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesLiving during the COVID‐19 pandemic is characterized by the emergence of great uncertainty surrounding multiple aspects of daily life. This study explored the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and depression, as well as the potential mediation effect of COVID‐19‐related fear.Design and methodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted through an online survey from 10 April until 13 April 2020, three weeks after a national lockdown had been imposed in Greece. The convenience sample used in this study consisted of 2,827 adults. Participants voluntarily provided sociodemographic data and completed the following scales: the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS‐12), the Fear of COVID‐19 Scale (FCV‐19S), and the Brief Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9) Depression Scale.ResultsParticipants appeared to be moderately depressed [M = 14.75, SD = 4.52]. There was a significant indirect effect of IU to depressive symptoms ((.058), CI (0.051–0.066)). FCV‐19S was tested as a mediator in the relationship between IUS‐12 (independent variable) and PHQ‐9 (dependent variable). Partial mediation of fear of COVID‐19 was supported ((.54) (.41) = 13, CI (0.051–0.066), Sobel z‐value = 14.93).ConclusionsDepressive symptomatology affected study participants at a moderate level. IU was shown to be a significant predictor of depressive symptomatology with higher levels of IU being associated with more severe depressive symptoms. Fear of COVID‐19 partially mediated this association. The mediation effect may be explained by the uncertainty around COVID‐19‐related health issues, which are reflected in the FCV‐19S and cause worry and/or anxiety. Uncertainty related with other factors, such as the impact on the economy and education, not assessed by the FCV‐19S, may explain part of the relationship between IU and depressive symptoms that is not mediated by FCV‐19S.Practitioner Points

Intolerance of uncertainty is related to depressive symptomatology, and fear of COVID‐19 explains part of the relation.

Fear of COVID‐19 indicates worry and anxiety related to health issues.

Psychotherapeutic interventions enhancing individuals’ capacity to endure uncertainty could be beneficial.

Provision of simple and clear information by the authorities should be a priority issue.
Self‐compassion and emotional regulation as predictors of social anxiety
Authors: Bates Glen W. , Elphinstone Bradley , Whitehead Richard 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesSelf‐compassion and emotional regulation have been identified as constructive attitudes towards the self which can reduce emotional distress. This study is the first to examine the role of a self‐compassionate attitude towards the self in reducing symptoms of social anxiety. The study also explored the role of emotional regulation strategies of cognitive reappraisal (CR) and expressive suppression (ES) as mechanisms that mediate the impact of self‐compassion on social anxiety.DesignStructural equation modelling (SEM) was conducted on cross‐sectional correlational data with MPlus version 6.MethodsA sample of 750 undergraduate students (378 men and 372 women) completed an online survey comprised of well validated self‐report measures of social anxiety, emotional regulation and self‐compassion.ResultsStructural equation modelling showed that self‐compassion predicted lower social anxiety directly and indirectly through lower ES. Higher self‐compassion also predicted higher CR. Contrary to expectation, CR did not predict lower social anxiety. Exploratory analyses of self‐compassion divided into Compassionate Self‐responding (CSR) and Refraining from Non‐compassionate Responding (RUSR) identified RUSR as a predictor of lower social anxiety directly and indirectly via ES and CR. CSR had no direct effect on social anxiety but did so indirectly via CR.ConclusionsThe findings provide preliminary evidence that self‐compassion can play an important role in alleviating social anxiety and that emotion regulation through ES and CR are important mechanisms of that influence.Practitioner points

Adopting a more compassionate attitude towards the self can reduce the symptoms of social anxiety

Emotional regulation through reducing emotional suppression may be a mechanism whereby higher levels of self‐compassion reduce symptoms of social anxiety.

Although higher levels of self‐compassion predict greater use of emotional regulation through cognitive appraisal, cognitive appraisal does not predict levels of symptoms of social anxiety

The capacity to refrain from non‐compassionate self‐responding may reduce symptoms of social anxiety directly and indirectly through lower levels of emotional suppression and greater cognitive reappraisal (CR). However, compassionate self‐responding only influences symptoms of social anxiety through CR.
Compassion‐focused therapies for self‐esteem: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Thomason Sarah , Moghaddam Nima 
Published: July 2021

PurposeTo identify whether compassion‐focused therapy (CFT) or compassion‐based interventions are effective in improving self‐esteem.MethodsDatabases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO) were searched, along with OpenGrey literature. Experts were also contacted and handsearching of reference lists and citing articles undertaken. To be eligible, papers had to include an intervention identified as being compassion‐based and mention ‘self‐esteem’ as a variable or outcome. Papers were quality appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Data were analysed using a random‐effects meta‐analysis model, with sensitivity analysis conducted in relation to the quality of studies.ResultsTen eligible papers were identified. Within‐group analysis of data from eight studies demonstrated a medium, significant overall effect size (g = 0.56, 95% CI [0.19–0.93], z = 3.54, p < .001), which increased slightly and remained significant (g = 0.61, 95% CI [0.05–1.17], z = 2.82, p = .005) when the lowest quality studies were removed.ConclusionsCompassion‐focused therapy or compassion‐based interventions may be effective in improving self‐esteem. However, there is large clinical and methodological heterogeneity amongst studies making further conclusions difficult.Practitioner points

CFT/compassion‐based interventions appear to be effective in improving self‐esteem.

Transdiagnostic concepts (such as low self‐esteem and compassion‐focused therapy) should be considered in supporting people with their mental health.
Nitrogen utilization characteristics and early storage root development in nitrogen‐tolerant and nitrogen‐susceptible sweet potato
Authors: Duan Wenxue , Zhang Haiyan , Xie Beitao , Wang Baoqing , Hou Fuyun , Li Aixian , Dong Shunxu , Qin Zhen , Wang Qingmei , Zhang Liming 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn recent years, sweet potato has been cultivated not only in marginal lands but also in fertile plains in northern China. The fertile nitrogen (N)‐rich soil may inhibit storage root formation. Cultivars with different N tolerances and split application of reduced N rates should be considered. To investigate the effects of N on the N utilization, root differentiation, and storage root formation of cultivars with different N tolerances, the cultivars Jishu26 (J26) and Xushu32 (X32) were treated with three N levels supplied by urea: 0 (N0), 200 (N1) and 400 mg kg−1 (N2). With increasing N rates, “X32” absorbed less N in plants and distributed more N to developing storage roots than “J26.” The storage root development of “J26” was sensitive to both N1 and N2, while that of “X32” was only sensitive to N2. High N nutrition upregulated the expression of certain genes during storage root formation, such as PAL, CHI, F3H, C4H, 4CL, CAD, α‐amylase, and β‐amylase. Under N1 and N2, “X32” led to an increased sugar supply in sink organs and downregulated the expression of genes related to lignin and flavonoid synthesis, which promoted the C flux toward starch metabolism, thus reducing lignification and promoting starch accumulation during storage root formation. These results provide evidence for the effects of N on the C distribution in different metabolic pathways by regulating the expression of related key genes. N‐tolerant cultivars are suitable in fertile plain areas because of the earlier formation of storage roots under high N conditions.
Is neutral genetic diversity related to quantitative variation in semen traits in bulls?
Authors: Gororo Eddington , Chatiza Fungayi Primrose , Chidzwondo Farisai , Makuza Stanley Marshall 
Published: July 2021

AbstractConservation decisions based on neutral genetic diversity have been observed to promote retention of useful quantitative variation in biological populations. An experiment was undertaken to determine the association between microsatellite marker polymorphisms and phenotypic variation in semen production and cryosurvival traits in bulls. Thirty‐five ejaculates were collected from ten bulls of two breeds and evaluated before and after cryopreservation for several semen traits. The bulls were also genotyped using a set of sixteen bovine‐specific microsatellite marker loci. Fixation indices (FST), heterozygosity and Nei's genetic distance measures were computed from allele frequency data for each of the bulls. Molecular and phenotypic data were used to compute tri‐distance matrices for the ten bulls and correlated using Mantel's test in GenAIEx 6.5. The study revealed extensive heterogeneity in semen traits, heterozygosity and FST values among the bulls. Large pairwise phenotypic and genetic distances were also observed. Correlation between pairwise genetic distances and phenotypic distances was significant and highly positive for sperm viability (r = .61, p < .001) and moderately positive for sperm motility (r = .40–42, p < .05) variables. For sperm morphology, ejaculate volume and sperm concentration, correlation with genetic distances was positive, low and not significantly different from zero (p > .05). A tendency for a triangular‐shaped relationship between genetic and phenotypic distances for post‐thaw motility and viability traits was also observed. Accordingly, association with neutral genetic diversity was absent for semen production traits and moderate to highly positive for sperm cryosurvival traits. Given these findings, conservation decisions based on neutral genetic diversity may capture variation in some adaptive traits, but not others.
Parent‐ and teacher‐rated emotion regulation strategies in relation to preschoolers’ attachment representations: A longitudinal perspective
Authors: Stefan Catrinel A. , Negrean Diana 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe current study's aim was to investigate longitudinally the extent to which individual differences in attachment influence children's general and emotion‐specific (anger, sadness, fear) regulatory skills. A sample of 229 preschool‐age children participated in this study. Children's internal working models of attachment and verbal abilities were assessed at baseline, whereas parents and teachers reported on children's use of emotion regulation (ER) strategies at both baseline and 7 months follow‐up. The results indicated that: (1) parent and teacher ratings of children's use of ER strategies exhibited low cross‐informant correlations; and (2) significant longitudinal patterns of attachment representation effects on ER were found in relation to co‐regulation and under‐regulation, but not for self‐regulation and over‐regulation. More precisely, securely attached children more frequently used teachers as a source of co‐regulation, particularly for anger and sadness, compared to avoidantly attached children. Furthermore, secure children were less likely to exhibit under‐regulation compared to preschoolers classified as disorganized or insecure avoidant, especially in relation to anger. These findings may be informative for designing parent and teacher trainings focused on enhancing children's ER skills and reducing the risk of psychopathology.