bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of the Palestine monetary authority in combating money laundering
Authors: Alshaer Husameddin , Md. Said Muhamad Helmi , Rajamanickam Ramalinggam 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to highlight the role of the Palestine Monetary Authority (PMA) in combating money laundering. The discussion will focus on the sectors under the PAM authority by examining the issued instructions.

Design/methodology/approach
The current study is a pure legal study. The methodology used in this paper is the qualitative approach by focussing on the doctrinal mechanism. Thus, it focussed on procedures, processes, laws, and regulations.

Findings
This paper found serious organisational inefficiencies within the governance framework of anti-money laundering (AML) for both the currency exchange and specialised lending institutions sectors. Moreover, the PMA’s role in combating money laundering is insufficient where its efforts are limited by random inspection visits and the installation of surveillance cameras in the money changers shops.

Practical implications
The findings may influence both the currency exchange and specialized lending institutions sectors to adopt a more vigilant approach to prevent the occurrence of money laundering in Palestine and to undertake more responsibility in ensuring compliance with the current AML legal framework. The study also highlighted that their current practice might place them in danger of non-compliance.

Originality/value
The paper demonstrated in, an exceptional way, the role of the PMA in combating money laundering by focussing on both legal and regulatory requirements for the three sectors under the PMA supervision authority. This paper made a valuable contribution to the study of combating money laundering in Palestine, where it is one of the first studies dealing with this issue involving this country.
Governance quality and public sector procurement of infrastructure projects in developing countries: evidence from Nigeria
Authors: Asuquo Christian , Lashinde Adeniran , Adu Emmanuel 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
In developing countries, governance structures are reputed to be weak, and infrastructure procurement is largely achieved through public sector financing. This study aims to examine the impact of governance quality on public sector infrastructure procurement in Nigeria.

Design/methodology/approach
Data on public infrastructure expenditure (CAPEX), revenue (REV) and debt burden (DEBT) were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) for the period 2000–2017. In addition, the Corruption Perception Index (CPI) of Nigeria for the period was obtained from Transparency International. Data were analysed using Ordinary Least Square regression and Granger Causality Test.

Findings
Results indicate that CPI and DEBT have negative effects on public infrastructure procurement, whereas REV has a significant positive impact. The findings suggest that an increase in public sector corruption leads to increase in the share of public budget allocated to infrastructure procurement. Moreover, an increase in the amount allocated to debt burden lowers the share of public resources available for infrastructure procurement. Findings also show that revenue is a leading indicator of infrastructure procurement, and public expenditure for infrastructure procurement is leading cause of public sector corruption.

Social implications
In Nigeria, resources for financing infrastructure are scarce, and there have been reports of poor governance in infrastructure procurement. The establishment of a relationship between governance quality and infrastructure procurement will help in more efficient allocation of scarce public resources.

Originality/value
To resolve the governance-infrastructure question, the study established causal relationships between governance quality variables and public expenditure on infrastructure.
Contamination fear and ABS during COVID-19
Authors: Jayasimha K.R. , Srivastava Himanshu Shekhar , Manoharan Sivaraman 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
Access-based services (ABS) have been adversely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to validate customer barriers to ABS focusing on the contamination barrier. As service employees’ presence violates the COVID-19 physical distancing norms and heightens contamination fear, this paper tests its effects on continued use intentions of ABS. This study also empirically examines the role of conspicuous virtue signaling and organizational response.

Design/methodology/approach
The study was conducted in the context of scooter sharing and uses a mixed-method to explore the relatively under-researched problem of contamination fear in ABS. Study one uses the survey method and study two uses a 2 × 2 matrix between-subject design.

Findings
The results reveal that perceptions of resource sufficiency positively affect continued use intentions of ABS. The presence of a service employee hurts continued use intentions. Further, there are a three-way interaction between ABS type (service employee presence/absence), organizational response (solution-oriented/general information) and resource sufficiency perceptions. Organizational response mitigates the negative effect of service employee presence on the link between resource adequacy perceptions and ABS continued use intentions.

Originality/value
In contrast with prior research, this study shows that contamination fear invokes protection motivation, resulting in better preparedness and continued use intentions of ABS. The predicted difference is primarily between customers who attribute responsibility and ABS type differently (presence/absence of service employee). This study also explores the role of organizational response to COVID-19.
Synthesis of benzothiazole-azo disperse dyes for high resistance to alkaline treatments and peroxide bleaching
Authors: Yu Jiaxue , Tang Jinglin , Wang Xiaoyan , Du Jinmei , Xu Changhai , Zhang Shansheng 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to synthesize benzothiazole-azo disperse dyes which can be applied not only for dyeing and alkaline reduction of polyester fabric in one bath, but also for dyeing and peroxide bleaching of cotton/polyester blend fabric in one bath.

Design/methodology/approach
The synthesized benzothiazole-azo disperse dyes were confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy (MS) and UV–visible spectrophotometry. The performance on resistance to alkaline treatment and peroxide bleaching was tested by measuring the color strength of polyester fabric dyed with the synthesized benzothiazole-azo disperse dyes under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions.

Findings
Increasing the electron-withdrawing ability of the substituents in the diazo component and the electron-donating ability of the substituents in the coupling component resulted in a significant bathochromic shift of the maximum absorption wavelength. Except that the disperse dyes synthesized from the coupling components containing the hydroxyethyl group were unstable in alkaline solution, all others exhibited high resistance to alkaline treatment and peroxide bleaching.

Practical implications
The synthesized benzothiazole-azo disperse dyes provide the opportunities to combine dyeing and alkaline reduction of polyester fabric into one bath, and combine dyeing and peroxide bleaching of cotton/polyester blend fabric into one bath.

Originality/value
The synthesized benzothiazole-azo disperse dyes help to establish short processes of polyester and polyester/cotton blend fabrics so as to reduce energy consumption and raise production efficiency.
The ‘Dual Circulation’ development model of China: Background and insights
Authors: Javed Saad Ahmed , Bo Yu , Tao Liangyan , Dong Wenjie 
Published: June 2021

PurposeGlobal supply chains experienced unprecedented changes in 2020 and the relationship between domestic and global markets needed adjustments considering the long-term impacts of the changes that are unfolding around these markets. China has become the first country to announce a formal strategy – “Dual Circulation” Strategy (DCS) – to guide its self-reliant economic development in the post-COVID era. However, what exactly is the DCS and what drove China to publicize this strategy is not yet clear. This study aims to answer these questions.Design/methodology/approachBased on an extensive review of literature and media reports, a background has been constructed that justifies the DCS as a long-overdue historic necessity.FindingsA novel definition of “Dual Circulation” is introduced. A novel construct to visualize the domestic circulation in light of international and domestic markets and international circulation has been presented. The study argues that maintaining optimum levels of consumption and saving rates is crucial to the DCS’s success.Originality/valueThe study pioneers the first scientific definition of the “Dual Circulation” that will pave way for future debate on the topic. Also, it is the first time an academic study on the DCS has been executed.
An aerodynamic perspective on hurricane‐induced selection on Anolis lizards
Authors: Debaere Shamil F. , Donihue Colin M. , Herrel Anthony , Van Wassenbergh Sam 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Studies have demonstrated that hurricanes can drive selection in Neotropical anoles. In a recent study, it was shown that post‐hurricane survivors showed longer toepad areas and, surprisingly, shorter femurs.

One potential explanation for the reduction in femur length is that increased drag on individuals with longer femurs causes them to be blown off their perch. Consequently, lizards with shorter femora might survive better in hurricanes.

To gain insight into the form–function relationships of drag reduction in perched lizards exposed to high‐velocity winds, we quantified drag forces on Anolis lizard models in realistic grasping positions using computational fluid dynamics.

We showed that overall drag, as well as the relatively high drag at the hindlimbs strongly increase with the distance of the pelvic region from the perch. As optimal postures to resist sustained arboreal pulling involve extended limbs, longer hindlimbs increase the chance of having the limbs and pelvic region positioned outside the zone in which efficient shielding from the wind by the perch occurs.

Our study underlines the complexity of performance trade‐offs on the evolution of limb morphology in arboreal lizards, and emphasizes the importance of generally ignored functions such as aerodynamic drag reduction in arboreal ecosystems.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Age matters: Demographic senescence in the moss Polytrichastrum formosum
Authors: Tholstrup Ditte Wiig , Halvorsen Rune , Dahlgren Johan Petter 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

It is known that many animal species senesce demographically, showing a decrease in survival and/or fertility with age. Although there is mounting evidence for and against senescence in various flowering plant species, the question of whether senescence also occurs in other plant taxa, such as mosses and other bryophytes, remains unanswered.

We used GAMMs (generalised additive mixed models) and GLMMs to assess the effects of age on survival, size and the monocarpic female ramets' sexual reproduction in Polytrichastrum formosum using demographic, ramet‐level data collected over 25 years in Solhomfjell nature reserve, Norway.

Survival was found to be negatively correlated with ramet age, with 1‐year survival decreasing from 83% in 1‐year‐old to 43% in 10‐year‐old plants. Stem growth was positively correlated with survival but accounting for it in our models did not change the relationship between age and survival qualitatively. Annual growth decreased during the first years of the ramets' life but then stabilised. Sexual reproduction in the monocarpic females peaked at ramet age 2–4 years but was observed at ages up to 13 years. The longest‐living (non‐reproducing) ramet died at age 14.

Synthesis. Our findings indicate that Polytrichastrum formosum ramets experience constant actuarial senescence, at least in terms of survival. This finding improves our understanding of age‐dependent demography in mosses, as well as in plants in general. This new knowledge about moss demography may also aid in management decisions for threatened species, as it can improve the precision of predictions of population longevity.
Evaluating grazing response strategies in winter annuals: A multi‐trait approach
Authors: Kurze Susanne , Bilton Mark C. , Álvarez‐Cansino Leonor , Bangerter Sara , Prasse Rüdiger , Tielbörger Katja , Engelbrecht Bettina M. J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Plants minimize fitness losses through grazing by three fundamental strategies: tolerance, avoidance and escape. Annual species have been traditionally assumed to escape grazing through their short life cycle and seed dormancy; however, their grazing response strategies remain almost unexplored. How traits and their coordination affect species' grazing responses, and whether the generalized grazing model, which posits convergent filtering by grazing and drought, is applicable to this ecologically and economically important species group thus remain unclear.

We used a trait‐based approach to evaluate grazing response strategies of winter annuals from the Middle East. Across 23 species, we examined the coordination of 16 traits hypothesized to be relevant for grazing responses, and linked them to species' fecundity responses, as proxy for fitness responses, to simulated grazing in controlled conditions, to species' abundance responses to grazing in the field and to species' distribution along a large‐scale rainfall gradient.

Winter annuals exhibited both grazing escape and to a lesser extent tolerance indicated by (a) independent coordination of escape and tolerance traits, and (b) maintenance of higher fecundity in species with more pronounced escape or tolerance traits under simulated grazing. In the natural habitat, species with a more pronounced escape but not tolerance strategy maintained higher abundance under grazing in dry habitats, indicating convergent favouring of escape by both grazing and drought. However, this finding at the local scale was not mirrored by a strategy shift along a large‐scale rainfall gradient.

Synthesis. The convergent favouring of escape traits by grazing and drought in annuals is consistent with the generalized grazing model. This model, which has been developed for perennials based on the avoidance strategy, can thus be extended to annuals based on escape, a finding that should facilitate projecting consequences of global change in drylands dominated by annuals.
Prediction of changing predator–prey interactions under warming: A simulation study using two aphid–ladybird systems
Authors: Lee Minyoung , Kim Yongeun , Park Jung‐Joon , Cho Kijong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPredator–prey interactions are key factors for understanding ecosystem structure and function. Global warming alters the dynamics and stability of predator and prey populations in the long term. Extreme temperatures can also lead to short‐term population outbreaks and collapses. Thus, it is necessary to consider time scales when predicting warming effects on predator–prey interactions. Two aphid–ladybird systems, Myzus persicae–Coccinella septempunctata (M‐C) and Aphis gossypii–C. septempunctata (A‐C), were investigated. Using a temperature‐dependent predator–prey model, the short‐ (SIS, daily interactions) and long‐term interaction strength (LIS, interactions after reaching a persistent state) were quantified under different temperatures based on a dynamic index. SIS and LIS increased with temperature, but the patterns and magnitudes of the two systems differed. SIS increased linearly and exponentially in the A‐C and M‐C system, respectively. However, the SISs in the A‐C system were stronger than those in the M‐C system under most temperature ranges. LIS increased linearly with temperature in both systems; its values in the M‐C system were always larger than those in the A‐C system. The abruptly increasing SIS in the M‐C system caused population collapse, which was the main reason for the magnitude reversal between the SISs and LISs of the two systems. The A‐C system did not collapse, but a decoupled SIS and subsequent aphid outbreak were temporarily observed under extreme temperatures. Understanding how time scales influence interaction strengths may be critical to predicting population stability and fluctuations in ecosystems.
Therapeutic support for young people with learning difficulties: what enables effective practice?
Authors: Attwood Samantha , Atkinson Cathy 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSupporting children and young people’s mental health is a central aim of the UK government policy, with those with learning difficulties a particularly vulnerable group. This systematic review of research uses published literature to explore how access and participation in therapy might be facilitated for young people with learning difficulties. Twelve studies published 2000‐2019 were identified, which described the experiences of access to, and participation in therapy for people with learning difficulties, although notably most of these involved adults. Findings indicated eight themes: pre‐therapy, careful contracting, therapy is hard, idiosyncratic needs, therapeutic relationship, group therapy, reviewing therapy and it changed my life. These were organized into three chronological stages: setting up of therapy; therapeutic processes; and therapeutic outcomes. A number of strategies that can promote access and participation are suggested for professionals working therapeutically with young people with learning difficulties, around contracting, clear communication, the therapeutic alliance and the ending of therapy.
In need of review: Developing Sensory Provision in Northern Ireland’s Mainstream Primary classrooms
Authors: Beck Gillian J. , O’Connor‐Bones Una , Gracey Jackie , Kelly Greg , Walsh Glenda 
Published: June 2021

The impact of Sensory Processing Difficulties across a range of Special Educational Needs is well researched. More recently, the impact on children’s mental health and well‐being, linked with anxiety, depression and self‐injurious behaviours, have redirected international research to consider the holistic benefits of sensory provision, for those with special educational provision and the wider classroom population. A SMART SURVEY was designed to collate empirical evidence regarding current sensory awareness and provision in mainstream primary schools throughout Northern Ireland, in a time efficient manner. Out of 809 schools, 164 (20.27%) fully completed the online survey. Findings indicate that Special Educational Needs Coordinator confidence in developing practice, supporting staff and children was limited and impaired by insufficient and inconsistent training opportunities. While healthcare research recommends provision by trained professionals, Occupational Therapy input was limited (n = 34; 24.8%), resulting in practice that could be detrimental rather than beneficial to children’s progress. Respondents identified a need for sensory training for teachers (n = 124; 93.94%) to ensure that the impact of Sensory Processing Difficulties on the holistic development of all children is understood. Pupil voice was undervalued (n = 5; 3.6%). Active involvement of children in the process of evaluation and intervention is recommended to enhance pupil autonomy and well‐being.
Improving target price calculations in Medicare bundled payment programs
Authors: Cher Benjamin A. Y. , Gulseren Baris , Ryan Andrew M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the predictive accuracy of two approaches to target price calculations under Bundled Payments for Care Improvement‐Advanced (BPCI‐A): the traditional Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) methodology and an empirical Bayes approach designed to mitigate the effects of regression to the mean.Data sourcesMedicare fee‐for‐service claims for beneficiaries discharged from acute care hospitals between 2010 and 2016.Study designWe used data from a baseline period (discharges between January 1, 2010 and September 30, 2013) to predict spending in a performance period (discharges between October 1, 2015 and June 30, 2016). For 23 clinical episode types in BPCI‐A, we compared the average prediction error across hospitals associated with each statistical approach. We also calculated an average across all clinical episode types and explored differences by hospital size.Data collection/extraction methodsWe used a 20% sample of Medicare claims, excluding hospitals and episode types with small numbers of observations.Principal findingsThe empirical Bayes approach resulted in significantly more accurate episode spending predictions for 19 of 23 clinical episode types. Across all episode types, prediction error averaged $8456 for the CMS approach versus $7521 for the empirical Bayes approach. Greater improvements in accuracy were observed with increasing hospital size.ConclusionsCMS should consider using empirical Bayes methods to calculate target prices for BPCI‐A.
COVID‐19 versus influenza A/B supeRInfectionS in the IntenSive care unit (CRISIS): Protocol for a Danish nationwide cohort study
Authors: Mikkelsen Vibe S. , Helleberg Marie , Haase Nicolai , Møller Morten H. , Granholm Anders , Storgaard Merete , Jonsson Andreas B. , Schønning Kristian , Reiter Nanna , Sigurðsson Sigurður Þór , Voldstedlund Marianne , Christensen Steffen , Perner Anders 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundSuperinfection following viral infection is a known complication, which may lead to longer hospitalisation and worse outcome. Empirical antibiotic therapy may prevent bacterial superinfections, but may also lead to overuse, adverse effects and development of resistant pathogens. Knowledge about the incidence of superinfections in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is limited.MethodsWe will conduct a nationwide cohort study comparing the incidence of superinfections in patients with severe COVID‐19 admitted to the ICU compared with ICU patients with influenza A/B in Denmark. We will include approximately 1000 patients in each group from the time period of 1 October 2014 to 30 April 2019 and from 10 March 2020 to 1 March 2021 for patients with influenza and COVID‐19, respectively. The primary outcome is any superinfection within 90 days of admission to the ICU. We will use logistic regression analysis comparing COVID‐19 with influenza A/B after adjustment for relevant predefined confounders. Secondarily, we will use unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analyses to assess six potential risk factors (sex, age, cancer [including haematological], immunosuppression and use of life support on day 1 in the ICU) for superinfections and compare outcomes in patients with COVID‐19 with/without superinfections, and present descriptive data regarding the superinfections.ConclusionThis study will provide important knowledge about superinfections in ICU patients with severe COVID‐19.