bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STRUKTUR BIROKRASI DAN DISPOSISI DALAM PELAKSANAAN KAWASAN SEHAT BEBAS ASAP ROKOK DI SEKOLAH
Authors: Purnomo Parmadi Sigit , Sundoro Totok , S Pramukti Dian 
Published: March 2021

Based on the Health Research and Development Agency in 2013, the Special Province of Yogyakarta tended to be high at 21.2% for the proportion of the population aged over or equal to 10 years who smoked every day. One of the districts in the Yogyakarta Special Region that has a policy on non-smoking areas is Bantul Regency. The regulation regarding the non-smoking areas is regulated in the Bantul Regent's Regulation No. 18 of 2016 concerning Healthy Areas Non-Smoking (HANS). This study aims to determine the structure of the bureaucracy and disposition in the implementation of a Healthy Smoke Free Area in Schools. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. Data analysis using data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of interviews about the bureaucratic structure in the implementation of the HANS found that there were no smoking procedures for smokers in schools. General rules are included in the school code of conduct in the form of a slogan / smoking ban. The disposition aspect possessed by the school could not be said to be good in the implementation of the HANS, it was evident that there were still school residents who still smoked in the school area and found cigarette putp in the school area. The conclusion of the research is that the bureaucratic structure does not yet exist and the disposition factor cannot be carried out properly so that it is expected that there will be a follow-up from the Government of Bantul Regency to be able to socialize Bantul Regent Regulation No. 18 of 2016 concerning Smoke-Free Healthy Areas in the school environment involving the role of the Health Office, BNNP and / or the Police and develop a culture of reporting and providing guarantees for reporters from the Principal, as well as making special regulations / SOPs for school residents who have a smoking habit.
Nest Structure, Seasonality and Female Behavior of Epicharis (Anepicharis) dejeanii Lepeletier (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Centridini) in a Restinga Ecosystem, in Southern Brazil
Authors: Uemura Natalia , Gobatto André Luiz , Pina Welber da Costa , Ono Rafael Hideki , Sofia Silvia Helena 
Published: March 2021

We investigated the nesting behavior of females of Epicharis dejeanii and the architecture of their nests, in a large aggregation in a Restinga area, on Ilha do Superagui, southern Brazil. Surveys were carried out intermittently through the warm-wet seasons from different years between 2013 and 2017. The nest aggregation occupied an area of approximately 2,000 m2 and was situated on a sand bank and on flat sandy soil. Each nest consisted of a long unbranched tunnel, averaging 1.45 ± 0.35 m (N = 8), connected to a single brood cell with a mean length of 3.13 ± 0.2 cm (N = 13) and mean diameter of 1.2 ± 0.1 cm (N = 11). On average, females carried out 4.0 ± 2.4 foraging trips per day (N = 109) to collect floral resources for provisioning brood cells. Similar times were spent by females in their foraging trips for: only pollen (15.8 ± 14.3 min, N = 72), oil (22.5 ± 15.7 min, N = 45), or both resources (17.0 ± 15.1, N = 63). Our findings reveal that some variation in both nesting architecture and female behavior of E. dejeanii during nesting activities can occur in different locations from the same region.
Effects of a combined water and sanitation intervention on biomarkers of child environmental enteric dysfunction and associations with height-for-age z-score: A matched cohort study in rural Odisha, India
Authors: Sinharoy Sheela S. , Reese Heather E. , Praharaj Ira , Chang Howard H. , Clasen Thomas 
Published: March 2021

Poor water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) conditions are hypothesized to contribute to environmental enteric dysfunction (EED), a subclinical condition that may be associated with chronic undernutrition and impaired linear growth. We evaluated the effect of a combined water and sanitation intervention on biomarkers of EED, and then assessed associations of biomarkers of EED with height-for-age z-scores (HAZ), in children under five. We conducted a sub-study within a matched cohort study of a household-level water and sanitation infrastructure intervention in rural Odisha, India, in which we had observed an effect of the intervention on HAZ. We collected stool samples (N = 471) and anthropometry data (N = 209) for children under age 5. We analyzed stool samples for three biomarkers of EED: myeloperoxidase (MPO), neopterin (NEO), and α1-anti-trypsin (AAT). We used linear mixed models to estimate associations between the intervention and each biomarker of EED and between each biomarker and HAZ. The intervention was inversely associated with AAT (-0.25 log μg/ml, p = 0.025), suggesting a protective effect on EED, but was not associated with MPO or NEO. We observed an inverse association between MPO and HAZ (-0.031 per 1000 ng/ml MPO, p = 0.0090) but no association between either NEO or AAT and HAZ. Our results contribute evidence that a transformative WaSH infrastructure intervention may reduce intestinal permeability, but not intestinal inflammation and immune activation, in young children. Our study also adds to observational evidence of associations between intestinal inflammation and nutritional status, as measured by HAZ, in young children.
Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02441699).
Global blood gene expression profiles following a breast cancer diagnosis—Clinical follow-up in the NOWAC post-genome cohort
Authors: Olsen Karina Standahl , Holden Marit , Thalabard Jean-Christophe , Rasmussen Busund Lill-Tove , Lund Eiliv , Holden Lars 
Published: March 2021

Objective
This explorative study aimed to assess if there are any time-dependent blood gene expression changes during the first one to eight years after breast cancer diagnosis, which can be linked to the clinical outcome of the disease.

Material and methods
A random distribution of follow-up time from breast cancer diagnosis till blood sampling was obtained by a nested, matched case-control design in the Norwegian Women and Cancer Post-genome Cohort. From 2002–5, women were invited to donate blood samples, regardless of any cancer diagnosis. At end of the study period in 2015, any cancer diagnoses in the 50 000 participants were obtained via linkage to the Norwegian Cancer Registry. For each breast cancer patient (n = 415), an age- and storage time-matched control was drawn. The design gave a uniform, random length of follow-up time, independent of cancer stage. Differences in blood gene expression between breast cancer cases and controls were identified using the Bioconductor R-package limma, using a moving window in time, to handle the varying time elapsed from diagnosis to blood sample.

Results
The number of differentially expressed genes between cases and controls were close to 2,000 in the first year after diagnosis, but fell sharply the second year. During the next years, a transient second increase was observed, but only in women with metastatic disease who later died, both compared to invasive cases that survived (p<0,001) and to metastatic cases that survived (p = 0.024). Among the differentially expressed genes there was an overrepresentation of heme metabolism and T cell-related processes.

Conclusion
This explorative analysis identified changing trajectories in the years after diagnosis, depending on clinical stage. Hypothetically, this could represent the escape of the metastatic cancer from the immune system.
Comparative study on the effect of hyperthermic massage and mechanical squeezing in the patients with mild and severe meibomian gland dysfunction: An interventional case series
Authors: Han Dongkyun , Kim Hoon , Kim Sehwan , Park Yuli , Cho Kyong Jin 
Published: March 2021

Background
Meibomian glands exist beneath the palpebral conjunctiva; thus, it is invisible to the naked eye without infrared imaging. This study used meibography to group patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and assessed the effects of hyperthermic massage and mechanical squeezing in both groups.

Materials and methods
Patients with MGD were divided into two groups, according to the degree of meibomian gland loss: group 1, in which the sum of eyelid scores ranged from 0 to 4 (mild to moderate gland loss) and group 2, in which the sum of eyelid scores ranged from 5 to 6 (severe gland loss). Hyperthermic massage and mechanical squeezing were given to both groups once a week for 4 weeks, and only non-preservative artificial tears were allowed. Ocular surface disease index (OSDI), Schirmer’s test, meibography score, tear break-up time (TBUT), ocular surface staining, expressible meibomian gland, and quality before and after treatment were compared.

Results
Of the 49 patients who completed the 4 weeks of treatment and the evaluation at week 5, 29 were assigned to group 1 and 20 were assigned to group 2. Meibography scores, OSDI, TBUT, and expressibility of meibum had significant differences before and after treatments in both groups. However, there was no significant difference between the changes in clinical signs between group 1 and 2 after treatment. Without grouping, all patients showed significant decreases in meibography score, OSDI, cornea staining score, and increases in TBUT and expressibility of meibum after treatment.

Conclusions
Considering the results of the current study, hyperthermic massage and mechanical squeezing may be effective in patients with meibomian gland loss, regardless of the degree of severity.
The magnitude of non-adherence and contributing factors among adult outpatient with Diabetes Mellitus in Dilla University Referral Hospital, Gedio, Ethiopia
Authors: Boshe Bisrat Desalegn , Yimar Getachew Nenko , Dadhi Aberash Eifa , Bededa Worku Ketema 
Published: March 2021

Introduction
The global prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has increased alarmingly over the last two decades. On top of this, the issues of non-adherence to the prescribed medicines further fuel the DM- related complications to become one of the top causes of mortality and morbidity. Despite the considerable efforts in addressing the poor adherence issues, there are still plenty of problems ahead of us yet to be addressed. The objective of this study was to determine the extent of non-adherence and its contributing factors among diabetic patients attending the medical Referral clinic of Dilla University Referral Hospital.

Methods
The institutional-based descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among patients with diabetes mellitus attending the medical referral clinic of Dilla University Referral Hospital.
A systematic random sampling method was used to recruit study participants, and tool was adopted to assess for adherence. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information on factors influencing non-adherence to the diabetic medications, and in-depth interview questionnaire was used for key informant interviews for the qualitative part. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS-20.

Results
The overall prevalence of non-adherence to diabetic treatment regimen among the study participants was 34.0%. The study revealed that cost of transport to the hospital and taking alcohol were significantly associated with non-adherence to the diabetic treatment regimen with the (AOR = 6.252(13.56, 28.822); p < 0.000) and (AOR = 13.12(8.06, 44.73); p<0.002) respectively.

Conclusions
The study revealed that significant numbers of participants were non-adherent to the Diabetes Mellitus treatment regimens. Intensive counseling, and health education on the importance of good adherence and negative consequences of poor adherence need to be discussed with the patients before starting the medications, and amidst follow up.
Health and wellbeing of indigenous older adults living in the tea gardens of Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Farah Naz , Khan Hafiz T. A. , Hossain Md. Jahangir , Iwuagwu Anthony Obinna 
Published: March 2021

Background
There are currently 1.5 million indigenous people in Bangladesh, constituting 1.8% of the total population and representing one of the country’s most deprived communities. This study explores the health status and quality of life along with their determinants among indigenous older people in Bangladesh in order to fill the knowledge and evidence gap on this topic.

Methods
A mixed-methods approach was deployed in October 2019 in the Sylhet division of Bangladesh which involved a cross-sectional survey among 400 indigenous older adults (200 males, 200 females) from 8 tea gardens using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. Ten in-depth interviews were also conducted with providers of the tea garden health facilities. Descriptive analysis, multiple logistic and multi-nominal linear regression were performed to explore associated factors around health and quality of life.

Results
Of the total respondents, the majority (79.5%) had chronic diseases, with visual difficulty being predominant (74%) among the conditions. Almost all (94%) of the respondents experienced delays in receiving treatment and poverty was identified by most (85%) as the primary cause of those delays. Extreme age, being male, living alone and low family income were significantly associated with suffering from chronic conditions. Furthermore, having a chronic condition and extreme age were found to be significantly associated with a low quality of life. Health service providers identified lack of logistical support in the health facilities, the economic crisis and lack of awareness as the major causes of poor health status and poor health seeking behaviour of the indigenous older adults.

Conclusion
Indigenous older men in extreme old age are more vulnerable to adverse health conditions and poor quality of life. Health literacy and health seeking behaviour is poor among indigenous older adults generally and there is a huge gap in the health services and social supports available to them.
A pilot study evaluating GSK1070806 inhibition of interleukin-18 in renal transplant delayed graft function
Authors: Wlodek E. , Kirkpatrick R. B. , Andrews S. , Noble R. , Schroyer R. , Scott J. , Watson C. J. E. , Clatworthy M. , Harrison E. M. , Wigmore S. J. , Stevenson K. , Kingsmore D. , Sheerin N. S. , Bestard O. , Stirnadel-Farrant H. A. , Abberley L. , Busz M. , DeWall S. , Birchler M. , Krull D. , Thorneloe K. S. , Weber A. , Devey L. 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionDelayed graft function (DGF) following renal transplantation is a manifestation of acute kidney injury (AKI) leading to poor long-term outcome. Current treatments have limited effectiveness in preventing DGF. Interleukin-18 (IL18), a biomarker of AKI, induces interferon-γ expression and immune activation. GSK1070806, an anti-IL18 monoclonal antibody, neutralizes activated (mature) IL18 released from damaged cells following inflammasome activation. This phase IIa, single-arm trial assessed the effect of a single dose of GSK1070806 on DGF occurrence post donation after circulatory death (DCD) kidney transplantation.MethodsThe 3 mg/kg intravenous dose was selected based on prior studies and physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling, indicating the high likelihood of a rapid and high level of IL18 target engagement when administered prior to kidney allograft reperfusion. Utilization of a Bayesian sequential design with a background standard-of-care DGF rate of 50% based on literature, and confirmed via extensive registry data analyses, enabled a statistical efficacy assessment with a minimal sample size. The primary endpoint was DGF frequency, defined as dialysis requirement ≤7 days post transplantation (except for hyperkalemia). Secondary endpoints included safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic biomarkers.ResultsGSK1070806 administration was associated with IL18-GSK1070806 complex detection and increased total serum IL18 levels due to IL18 half-life prolongation induced by GSK1070806 binding. Interferon-γ−induced chemokine levels declined or remained unchanged in most patients. Although the study was concluded prior to the Bayesian-defined stopping point, 4/7 enrolled patients (57%) had DGF, exceeding the 50% standard-of-care rate, and an additional two patients, although not reaching the protocol-defined DGF definition, demonstrated poor graft function. Six of seven patients experienced serious adverse events (SAEs), including two treatment-related SAEs.ConclusionOverall, using a Bayesian design and extensive PBPK dose modeling with only a small sample size, it was deemed unlikely that GSK1070806 would be efficacious in preventing DGF in the enrolled DCD transplant population.Trial registrationNCT02723786.
International citizen project to assess early stage adherence to public health measures for COVID-19 in South Africa
Authors: Majam Mohammed , Fischer Alex , Phiri Jane , Venter Francois , Lalla-Edward Samanta T. 
Published: March 2021

Introduction
With over 500 000 infections and nearly 12 000 deaths, South Africa (SA) is the African epicenter of the current Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. SA has implemented a 5-stage Risk-Adjusted Strategy which includes a phased national lockdown, requiring social distancing, frequent hand washing and wearing face masks. Strict adherence to this strategy is crucial to reducing COVID-19 transmission, flattening the curve, and preventing resurgence. As part of the 22-country International Citizens Project COVID-19 (ICPcovid), this study aimed to describe the SA adherence to the Risk-Adjusted Strategy and identify determinants of adherence.

Method
During 24 April-15 May 2020, people were electronically invited, through social media platforms and a text blast, to complete an online survey, accessible via www.icpcovid.com. The survey investigated COVID-19 testing and preventative adherence measures, then used logistic regression analysis to identify predictors of adherence.

Results
There were 951 participants, with 731(76.9%) 25 to 54 years. Most (672;70.7%) were female, and 705(74.1%) had a university degree. Since the epidemic started, 529(55.6%) and 436(45.9%) participants stated they were eating healthier and taking more vitamins, respectively. Only 82(8.6%) had been COVID-19 tested, and 1(1.2%) tested positive. In public, 905(95.2%) socially distanced, however 99(10.4%) participants had recently attended meetings with over ten people. Regular hand washing was practiced by 907(95.4%) participants, 774(81.4%) wore face masks and 854(89.8%) stayed home when they experienced flu-like symptoms. The odds of adhering to the guidelines were lower among men versus women (AOR 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.528, 0.971) and those who had flu-like symptoms (AOR 0.42, 95% CI = 0.277, 0.628). In contrast, increased odds were reported for those who reported increased vitamin intake (AOR 1.37, 95% CI = 1.044,1.798), and were either cohabiting or married (AOR 1.39, 95% CI = 1.042,1.847).

Conclusion
Despite high reported adherence, face mask use and symptomatic individuals not self-isolating, were areas for improvement. However, these factors cannot solely account for SA’s increasing COVID-19 cases. Larger general population studies are needed to identify other adherence predictors for a strengthened SA COVID-19 response. While the government must continue to educate the entire population on preventative measures, provide personal protective equipment and stress the importance of adherence, there also needs to be implementation of prioritised prevention strategies for men and single individuals to address their demonstrated lower adherence.
Molecular genetic study on GATA5 gene promoter in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Song Zhipeng , Chen Lu , Pang Shuchao , Yan Bo 
Published: March 2021

Background
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a severe type of coronary artery disease, caused by coronary occlusion and followed by cardiac ischaemia. GATA binding protein 5 (GATA5) is an important member of GATA family and plays an important role in vascular inflammation, endothelial function, oxidative stress and cell metabolism. Previous studies have shown that the DNA sequence variants (DSVs) in GATA4 and GATA6 promoter can increase susceptibility to AMI. In this study, we explored the relationship between GATA5 promoter and AMI for the first time, hoping to provide a new genetic basis for understanding the pathogenesis of AMI.

Methods
GATA5 promoter was sequenced in 683 individuals (332 AMI patients and 351 controls). The transcriptional activity of the GATA5 promoter with or without DSVs in HEK-293 cells, H9c2 cells and primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were examined by Promega Dual-Luciferase® Reporter Assay system. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) was performed to explore whether the DSVs interfered with the binding of transcription factors (TFs).

Results
Nine mutations have been found in GATA5 promoter, eight of them evidently altered the transcriptional activity of the GATA5 promoter, five of them disrupted the binding of TFs (such as farnesoid X receptor). Furthermore, haplotype AT (across rs80197101 and rs77067995) is a dangerous haplotype of AMI. Genotype GA and allele A of rs80197101 and genotype CT and allele T of rs77067995 are the risk factors of AMI.

Conclusions
DSVs in GATA5 promoter can increase susceptibility to AMI. But the mechanism remains to be verified in vivo.
A Framework for Approximation of the Stokes Equations in an Axisymmetric Domain
Authors: Ericsson Niklas 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We develop a framework for solving the stationary, incompressible Stokes equations in an axisymmetric domain.
By means of Fourier expansion with respect to the angular variable, the three-dimensional Stokes problem is reduced to an equivalent, countable family of decoupled two-dimensional problems.
By using decomposition of three-dimensional Sobolev norms, we derive natural variational spaces for the two-dimensional problems, and show that the variational formulations are well-posed.
We analyze the error due to Fourier truncation and conclude that, for data that are sufficiently regular, it suffices to solve a small number of two-dimensional problems.
Linear/cubic measured pulse numerically with electrical jitter amplitude variations for the impact on fiber communication systems
Authors: Eid Mahmoud M. A. , Rashed Ahmed Nabih Zaki , Delwar Tahesin Samira , Siddique Abrar , Ryu Jee Youl 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study has simulated the raised cosine, linear, cubic measured pulses numerically with electrical jitter amplitude variations impact on fiber communication systems. The max Q factor, total electrical power variations against electrical jitter amplitude variations are demonstrated for various pulse configurations. The Q factor and signal power amplitude variations versus the time period with the spectral frequency are clarified based on various pulse configurations with an optimum amplitude jitter of 0.1 unit interval (UI). The total electrical power after the avalanche photodiode (APD) photodetector is measured numerically based on various pulse configurations with an optimum amplitude jitter of 0.1 UI.