bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The clinical efficacy and safety of anti‐IgE therapy in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
Authors: Chen Fuying , Guo Yifeng , Zhou Kaili , Deng Dan , Yue Wanbo , Yang Weiqin , Zhang Beibei , Li Yue , Liang Jianying , Li Ming , Yao Zhirong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe treatment of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) remains challenging. Elevated IgE levels have previously been reported in several RDEB patients. In this prospective, single‐centre, open intervention study, elevated IgE levels were seen in 11 out of 12 patients with intense pruritus, and the patients with elevated IgE levels received anti‐IgE therapy every 4 weeks for at least three cycles. Compared with the baseline, 10 patients with RDEB had good clinical outcomes with enhanced wound healing, a reduction in Birmingham (epidermolysis bullosa) EB severity score by 15%, a reduction in affected body surface area by 23.3%, amelioration of skin inflammation, and an increase in type VII collagen deposition by 13.1‐fold. All the patients had a good tolerance to anti‐IgE therapy. Furthermore, patients with higher IgE levels tended to have higher disease severity and more favorable clinical outcomes. Our report also suggested the potential role of IgE in the pathogenesis of inflammatory conditions associated with RDEB. (ChiCTR1900021437).
Facial contact dermatitis caused by cosmetic‐relevant allergens
Authors: Bruusgaard‐Mouritsen Maria A. , Garvey Lene H. , Johansen Jeanne D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundFacial allergic contact dermatitis caused by cosmetic products is common. New allergens in cosmetics continuously emerge.ObjectivesTo investigate characteristics of patients with facial dermatitis (FD) between 2010 and 2019 including patch test results from cosmetic‐related allergens and a new test series with cosmetic‐relevant natural ingredients (CRNIs).MethodsThis is a retrospective study analysing demographics, clinical characteristics according to MOAHLFA index (male; occupation; atopic dermatitis; hand; leg; face; age ≥ 40 years), and patch test results to 27 cosmetic‐relevant allergens in FD patients. A prospective study evaluating a screening test series with CRNIs in consecutive FD patients for 1 year was also conducted. These patients received a questionnaire for collecting extra characteristics (eg, concerning quality of life).ResultsOf 8740 tested patients, 2292 (26.2%) had FD. Of these, 30.6% had cosmetic‐induced FD. The most common cosmetic‐related allergens were fragrances and preservatives. The most common patch test‐positive CRNIs were hydroperoxides of limonene and linalool, and propolis. Potato and peanut were rare, but the most common prick test‐positive CRNIs, however, without any relation to the use of cosmetic products. FD affected nearly all patients' quality of life and caused limitations to their daily life.ConclusionsUpdated management and quick diagnosis of FD is important to avoid negative impact on patients' quality of life.
Trends in preservative allergy: Benzisothiazolinone emerges from the pack
Authors: King Natalie , Latheef Faheem , Wilkinson Mark 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundPreservatives are used widely in cosmetic, household, and industrial products to prevent microbial growth and spoiling of the products. There has been a recent epidemic of contact allergy to methylisothiazolinone (MI).ObjectivesTo establish emerging trends in preservative contact allergy as MI is replaced.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study on consecutively patch‐tested patients at our center from January 2011 to December 2019.ResultsA total of 7846 consecutively patch‐tested patients were included who were patch tested between January 2011 and December 2019. The prevalence of allergy to MI fell from a peak of 9.39% in 2013 to 1.98% in 2019. MI/methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI) followed a similar trend, with a peak prevalence of 7.85% in 2014 and falling to 1.39% in 2018. The prevalence of contact allergy to benzisothiazolinone (BIT) has increased steadily increased in 2014 from 0.26% (confidence interval [CI] 0.03‐0.93) to 3.42% (CI 2.43‐4.66) in 2019.ConclusionsOur data show a significant increase in the prevalence of contact allergy to BIT over the last 6 years, probably as a consequence of increased use in household products. It is essential to continue to look for emerging trends in contact allergy to enable prompt preventative measures to be taken.
Evidence of an olfactory imprinting window in embryonic Atlantic salmon
Authors: Armstrong Malia E. , Minkoff David , Dittman Andrew H. , May Darran , Moody Eric K. , Quinn Thomas P. , Atema Jelle , Ardren William R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSalmonid olfactory imprinting during the parr‐to‐smolt transformation (PST) is essential for successful homing to natal spawning sites years later by mature fish. However, in many species, juveniles may move away from spawning sites before the PST, yet home to the natal site as adults, indicating that there may be multiple imprinting windows. To test the hypothesis that olfactory learning can occur prior to the PST, we exposed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to the imprinting odorant L‐arginine at the alevin stage. Odour exposures were conducted in both brook and well water to test whether environmental characteristics of the rearing water affected endocrine and imprinting responses. Changes in thyroid hormone concentration differed over the course of development between water sources (p < .001). In brook water, fish experienced a plateau in thyroxine concentrations coinciding with the L‐arginine exposure, but a continued decline was observed in those kept in well water. In subsequent experiments, migratory stage adults from the brook water‐reared group exposed to L‐arginine spent significantly more time than control fish (p < .04) in the L‐arginine odour arm of a two‐choice maze, whereas the well water‐reared group's responses did not differ from those of the control group. Our findings provide physiological and behavioural evidence supporting the hypothesis that imprinting in Atlantic salmon can occur before the PST. These results indicate that the water source during development may affect the ability to imprint and may have implications for hatchery programmes that often incubate salmonids in well water during the alevin life stage.
Assessing the effects of sub‐tropical winter thermal conditions on coolwater fish reproduction
Authors: Cannaday John D. , Farmer Troy M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFish populations on equatorward range edges are often the first to exceed thermal bounds in response to climate‐induced warming, increasing risk for local extirpation. For many fishes, regionally specific thermal bounds for reproduction and early life stages are unknown as is the potential for transgenerational acclimation, limiting our ability to identify populations at the greatest risk from warming. Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens, Mitchill 1814), a coolwater species, have a patchy distribution at the southern edge of their North American range, occurring primarily in systems with summertime coolwater refugia. Minimum winter temperatures in these systems are much warmer than in northern locations where long, cold winters result in higher quality eggs compared with short, warm winters. We conducted controlled laboratory experiments with Yellow Perch from the Savannah River, SC to determine how sub‐tropical minimum winter temperatures and durations affected reproduction. We measured spawning success, fecundity, egg and larval quality, and assessed the potential for transgenerational acclimation. We found that minimum winter temperature influenced timing of spawning, but had no effect on spawning success, fecundity, egg size or transgenerational acclimation. Larval size was positively associated with colder winters, but eggs from colder winters also had lower caloric density, suggesting a possible trade‐off between larval size and egg energetic density. Our results provide an improved understanding of the thermal requirements for successful Yellow Perch reproduction at southern latitudes and suggest knowledge of local adaptations is required to accurately predict the impacts of warming on coolwater fishes.
Population structure of Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. sensu stricto in Pinus brutia Ten. in south‐western Turkey
Authors: Beram Refika Ceyda , Doğmuş Lehtijärvi Hatice Tuğba , Aday Kaya Ayşe Gülden 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSpecies of Heterobasidion are amongst the most destructive disease agents on conifers in the Northern hemisphere. The area examined in the present work was the first example of typical disease centres and symptoms of H. annosum root rot observed on pines in Turkey. Twenty disease centres were identified in a Pinus brutia regeneration area, and a total of 182 isolates were obtained from the centres. All isolates from the regeneration area mated almost perfectly with H. annosum s.s. isolates from Europe, giving a clear identification. Based on a combination of morphological and molecular methods, the genetic variation of H. annosum was determined in the study site. The variation amongst and within isolates amounted to, respectively, 49% and 51% of total variation. The population structure of the isolates is discussed. It was concluded that H. annosum was well‐established in the regeneration area and was probably not caused by recent infections and spread.
First report of leaf spot on Elaeagnus pungens caused by Epicoccum latusicollum in China
Authors: Qi Xi‐Ling , He Jiao , Li De‐Wei , Huang Lin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractElaeagnus pungens is an ornamental plant used in landscapes and is native to China and Japan. In Nov. 2015, a leaf spot was found on El. pungens in the Sheshan National Forest Park located at Shanghai. A fungus was isolated from the margins of the lesions and one isolate, EP8, selected for identification and pathogenicity tests. Morphological characteristics of the fungus were similar to Epicoccum latusicollum. Phylogenetic analysis using concatenated sequences of ITS, LSU, TUB, and RPB2 also showed that isolate EP8 clustered with strains of E. latusicollum, a relationship supported with a high bootstrap value. This report is the first of E. latusicollum causing leaf spot on El. pungens.
Dilution effects in disease ecology
Authors: Keesing Felicia , Ostfeld Richard S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFor decades, people have reduced the transmission of pathogens by adding low‐quality hosts to managed environments like agricultural fields. More recently, there has been interest in whether similar ‘dilution effects’ occur in natural disease systems, and whether these effects are eroded as diversity declines. For some pathogens of plants, humans and other animals, the highest‐quality hosts persist when diversity is lost, so that high‐quality hosts dominate low‐diversity communities, resulting in greater pathogen transmission. Meta‐analyses reveal that these natural dilution effects are common. However, studying them remains challenging due to limitations on the ability of researchers to manipulate many disease systems experimentally, difficulties of acquiring data on host quality and confusion about what should and should not be considered a dilution effect. Because dilution effects are widely used in managed disease systems and have been documented in a variety of natural disease systems, their existence should not be considered controversial. Important questions remain about how frequently they occur and under what conditions to expect them. There is also ongoing confusion about their relationships to both pathogen spillover and general biogeographical correlations between diversity and disease, which has resulted in an inconsistent and confusing literature. Progress will require rigorous and creative research.
Standing flank laparotomy for colic: 37 cases
Authors: Lopes Marco A. F. , Hardy Joanne , Farnsworth Kelly , Labens Raphael , Lam W. Y. Eunice , Noschka Erik , Afonso Tiago , Cruz Villagrán Claudia , Santos Luiz C. P. , Saulez Montague , Kelmer Gal 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundStanding flank laparotomy can be an alternative to ventral midline laparotomy in horses with colic. Standing flank laparotomy avoids general anaesthesia, provides excellent access to some regions of the abdominopelvic cavity and costs less than ventral midline laparotomy.ObjectiveTo report a series of cases of peritoneal and intestinal diseases other than SC diseases managed with standing flank laparotomy.Study designRetrospective case series.MethodsRecords from equids with colic subjected to standing flank laparotomy at five hospitals (2003‐2020) were reviewed. Descriptive data analysis was performed.ResultsThirty horses (sixteen survived to discharge), six ponies (four survived) and one donkey (euthanised) were subjected to standing flank laparotomy via the left flank (n = 31), right flank (n = 2) or both flanks (n = 4). The primary disease affected the peritoneum (0/5 survived), SI (5/9 survived) and caecum and/or LC (15/23 survived). Enterotomy was performed in four animals (all survived). Partial typhlectomy was performed in one horse (euthanised). Resection‐anastomosis of the SI or LC was performed in three animals (one survived). Three animals had intraoperative complications that negatively affected the outcome: Two ponies had intolerance to abdominopelvic exploration; one mare had spontaneous exteriorisation of a long segment of the SI leading to a large tear in the mesentery. In seven cases, severe/extensive lesions found during standing flank laparotomy warranted immediate euthanasia. The survival rate was 54%. All owners were satisfied with the decision to perform standing flank laparotomy.Main limitationsThe retrospective design, lack of a control group, small number of cases and lack of standardised protocols between hospitals.ConclusionsAlthough ventral midline laparotomy is the standard of care for horses with colic, standing flank laparotomy is a viable approach for some types of colic. Systemic administration of analgesics may not produce sufficient peritoneal analgesia, which can lead to intolerance to abdominopelvic exploration during standing flank laparotomy in horses with colic and may negatively affect the outcome.
Coral adaptation to climate change: Meta‐analysis reveals high heritability across multiple traits
Authors: Bairos‐Novak Kevin R. , Hoogenboom Mia O. , van Oppen Madeleine J. H. , Connolly Sean R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAnthropogenic climate change is a rapidly intensifying selection pressure on biodiversity across the globe and, particularly, on the world's coral reefs. The rate of adaptation to climate change is proportional to the amount of phenotypic variation that can be inherited by subsequent generations (i.e., narrow‐sense heritability, h2). Thus, traits that have higher heritability (e.g., h2 > 0.5) are likely to adapt to future conditions faster than traits with lower heritability (e.g., h2 < 0.1). Here, we synthesize 95 heritability estimates across 19 species of reef‐building corals. Our meta‐analysis reveals low heritability (h2 < 0.25) of gene expression metrics, intermediate heritability (h2 = 0.25–0.50) of photochemistry, growth, and bleaching, and high heritability (h2 > 0.50) for metrics related to survival and immune responses. Some of these values are higher than typically observed in other taxa, such as survival and growth, while others were more comparable, such as gene expression and photochemistry. There was no detectable effect of temperature on heritability, but narrow‐sense heritability estimates were generally lower than broad‐sense estimates, indicative of significant non‐additive genetic variation across traits. Trait heritability also varied depending on coral life stage, with bleaching and growth in juveniles generally having lower heritability compared to bleaching and growth in larvae and adults. These differences may be the result of previous stabilizing selection on juveniles or may be due to constrained evolution resulting from genetic trade‐offs or genetic correlations between growth and thermotolerance. While we find no evidence that heritability decreases under temperature stress, explicit tests of the heritability of thermal tolerance itself—such as coral thermal reaction norm shape—are lacking. Nevertheless, our findings overall reveal high trait heritability for the majority of coral traits, suggesting corals may have a greater potential to adapt to climate change than has been assumed in recent evolutionary models.
Crustal anorthosite formation by deep‐seated hydrothermal circulation beneath fast‐spreading axis: Constraints from chronological approach, Sr isotope, and fluid–chromite inclusion investigation
Authors: Akizawa Norikatsu , Miyake Akira , Igami Yohei , Tsuchiyama Akira , Asanuma Hisashi , Kogiso Tetsu , Wakaki Shigeyuki , Ishikawa Tsuyoshi , Arai Shoji , Eom Jiwon , Kawahata Hodaka , Aze Takahiro , Yokoyama Yusuke 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHydrothermal circulation beneath the spreading axis plays a significant role in the exchange of energy and mass between the solid Earth and the oceans. Deep‐seated hydrothermal circulation down to the crust/mantle boundary in the fast‐spreading axis has been introduced by a number of studies regarding geological investigations and numerical models. In order to assess a reaction between hydrothermal fluid and host rock around the crust/mantle boundary, we conducted bulk trace element and Sr isotope analyses with a series of in situ investigations for crustal anorthosite, a reaction product between hydrothermal fluid and gabbro in the lowermost crustal section along Wadi Fizh, northern Oman ophiolite. In addition, we conducted titanite U–Pb isotope analyses to evaluate timing of the crustal anorthosite formation in the framework of the evolutional process of the Oman ophiolite. We estimated the formation age of the crustal anorthosite at 97.5 Ma ± 5.0 Ma, overlapping with the timing of the crust formation in the paleo spreading axis. The crustal anorthosite shows high‐Th/U ratio (~2.5) and high‐initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio (0.7050) due to seawater‐derived hydrothermal fluid ingress into the precursor gabbro. With using analytical technique of micro‐excavation at cryo‐temperature, we detected Cl from a few micrometer‐sized inclusion of aqueous fluid and chromite grains. The solubility of Cr was enhanced by complexation reactions with Cl in the hydrothermal fluid. Regarding reconstructed three‐dimensional mass distribution of the inclusion and chromite composition, maximum Cr content of parental fluid was estimated at ~69 000 μg/g. The exceptionally high‐Cr content was achieved locally by leaking of fluid and synchronous chromite crystallization during fluid entrapment. Presence of the deep‐seated hydrothermal circulation could be assigned to the segment end, where cold seawater penetrates into the lowermost crust and extract heat along widely spaced network‐like fluid channel.
Intraluminal diamond‐like carbon coating with anti‐adhesion and anti‐biofilm effects for uropathogens: A novel technology applicable to urinary catheters
Authors: Watari Shogo , Wada Koichiro , Araki Motoo , Sadahira Takuya , Ousaka Daiki , Oozawa Susumu , Nakatani Tatsuyuki , Imai Yuichi , Kato Junichi , Kariyama Reiko , Watanabe Toyohiko , Nasu Yasutomo 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesTo examine anti‐adhesion and anti‐biofilm effects of a diamond‐like carbon coating deposited via a novel technique on the inner surface of a thin silicon tube.MethodsDiamond‐like carbon coatings were deposited into the lumen of a silicon tube with inner diameters of 2 mm. The surface of the diamond‐like carbon was evaluated using physicochemical methods. We used three clinical isolates including green fluorescent protein‐expressing Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. We employed a continuous flow system for evaluation of both bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. Bacterial adhesion assays consisted of counting the number of colony‐forming units and visualization of adhered bacterial cells by scanning electron microscope to evaluate the diamond‐like carbon‐coated/uncoated samples. The biofilm structure was analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy on days 3, 5, 7 and 14 for green fluorescent protein‐expressing Pseudomonas aeruginosa.ResultsThe smooth and carbon‐rich structure of the intraluminal diamond‐like carbon film remained unchanged after the experiments. The numbers of colony‐forming units suggested lower adherence of green fluorescent protein‐expressing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli in the diamond‐like carbon‐coated samples compared with the uncoated samples. The scanning electron microscope images showed adhered green fluorescent protein‐expressing Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells without formation of microcolonies on the diamond‐like carbon‐coated samples. Finally, biofilm formation on the diamond‐like carbon‐coated samples was lower until at least day 14 compared with the uncoated samples.ConclusionsIntraluminal diamond‐like carbon coating on a silicone tube has anti‐adhesion and anti‐biofilm effects. This technology can be applied to urinary catheters made from various materials.
Fine‐tuning language discrimination: Bilingual and monolingual infants’ detection of language switching
Authors: Schott Esther , Mastroberardino Meghan , Fourakis Eva , Lew‐Williams Casey , Byers‐Heinlein Krista 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe ability to differentiate between two languages sets the stage for bilingual learning. Infants can discriminate languages when hearing long passages, but language switches often occur on short time scales with few cues to language identity. As bilingual infants begin learning sequences of sounds and words, how do they detect the dynamics of two languages? In two studies using the head‐turn preference procedure, we investigated whether infants (n = 44) can discriminate languages at the level of individual words. In Study 1, bilingual and monolingual 8‐ to 12‐month‐olds were tested on their detection of single‐word language switching in lists of words (e.g., “dog… lait [fr. milk]”). In Study 2, they were tested on language switching within sentences (e.g., “Do you like the lait?”). We found that infants were unable to detect language switching in lists of words, but the results were inconclusive about infants’ ability to detect language switching within sentences. No differences were observed between bilinguals and monolinguals. Given that bilingual proficiency eventually requires detection of sound sequences across two languages, more research will be needed to conclusively understand when and how this skill emerges. Materials, data, and analysis scripts are available at https://osf.io/9dtwn/.