bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo Evaluation of Nanostructured Lipid Carrier System in Rats Bearing Breast Tumor
Authors: Tagde Priti , Nagpal Kalpana , Kulkarni Giriraj T. 
Published: December 2021

The aim of this work is to study the anti-proliferative potential of two anticancer drugs loaded in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs).The maximal inhibition of cell growth by Raloxifene (RLX) & Curcumin (CUM) nanostructured lipid carriers (RLX-CUM-NLCs) was determined by assessing the viability of MDA-MB 231 cells. As far as we know, this is the first research to look at the effects of RLX-CUM-NLCs on DMBA-induced breast carcinogenesis in a rat model. RLX-CUM-NLCs reduced the number of tumors in an in-vivo investigation. After 14 weeks of induction, we discovered a tumor with a 100% incidence rate. The incidence of experimental breast cancer was decreased to 83.33% in the RLX-treated group. In contrast, RLX-CUM-NLCs demonstrated a significant anticancer effect with a 50% incidence in the RLX-CUM-NLCs group. Compared to controls, the RLX-CUM-NLCs therapy did not cause any toxicity in the animals in terms of food intake, body weight, or activity levels until 300 mg/kg BW. The current research shows that the RLX-CUM-NLCs has a chemopreventive impact on DMBA-induced breast cancer in rats by decreasing tumor burden and restoring marker enzymes activity.
Consensus for Statements Regarding a Definition for Spinal Osteoarthritis for Use in Research and Clinical Practice: A Delphi Study
Authors: de Luca Katie , Chiarotto Alessandro , Cicuttini Flavia , Creemers Laura , de Schepper Evelien , Ferreira Paulo H. , Foster Nadine E. , Hartvigsen Jan , Kawchuk Gregory , Little Christopher B. , Oei Edwin H. , Suri Pradeep , Vleggeert‐Lankamp Carmen , Bierma‐Zeinstra Sita M. A. , Ferreira Manuela L. 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveTo determine consensus among an international, multidisciplinary group of experts regarding definitions of spinal osteoarthritis for research and for clinical practice.MethodsA 15‐member, multidisciplinary steering committee generated 117 statements for a 3‐round Delphi study. Experts in back pain and/or osteoarthritis were identified and invited to participate. In round 1, participants could propose additional statements for voting. All statements were rated on a 1–9 Likert scale, and consensus was set at ≥70% of respondents agreeing or disagreeing with the statement and <15% of respondents providing the opposite response.ResultsIn total, 255 experts from 11 different professional backgrounds were invited. From 173 available experts, 116 consented to participate. In round 1, 103 participants completed the survey, followed by 85 of 111 participants in round 2 (77%) and 87 of 101 participants in round 3 (86%). One‐third of participants were from Europe (30%), most were male (58%), one‐fifth were physical therapists (21%), and over one‐third had been in their profession for 11–20 years (35%). Of 131 statements, consensus was achieved for 71 statements (54%): 53 in agreement (75%) and 18 in disagreement (25%).ConclusionAlthough there was consensus for statements for definitions of spinal osteoarthritis that were analogous to definitions of osteoarthritis in appendicular joints, a future definition still needs refinement. Importantly, this Delphi highlighted that a future definition should be considered across a spectrum of structural changes and patient symptoms and expressed on a progressive scale.
Canakinumab's Effect Against Subsequent Gout Flares and High‐Sensitivity C‐Reactive Protein Levels: A Causal Mediation Analysis
Authors: Yoshida Kazuki , Glynn Robert J. , Choi Hyon K. , Everett Brendan M. , Li Yi , MacFadyen Jean G. , Ridker Paul M. , Solomon Daniel H. 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to quantify the value of early suppression of high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) levels as a biomarker of the protective role of canakinumab against future gout flares.MethodsWe conducted a post hoc causal mediation analysis of the Canakinumab Anti‐Inflammatory Thrombosis Outcome Study for gout flares. The 3‐month change in the log hsCRP level was the mediator of interest. We used linear regression for the hsCRP level mediator and Cox or Weibull regression for gout‐flare outcomes, combining them in causal mediation analysis. We examined the cohort overall, as well as stratified by prevalent gout at baseline.ResultsWe analyzed 9,221 patients without prevalent gout and 747 with prevalent gout. The Cox regression hazard ratio (HR) for a gout flare was 0.50 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.37–0.68) comparing canakinumab with placebo, of which 6% was explained by the mediated effect through hsCRP level reduction in the first 3 months. In the prevalent‐gout subgroup, the HR was 0.58 (95% CI 0.36–0.95), of which 31% was explained by the mediated effect through hsCRP level reduction. The Weibull analysis gave a proportion‐mediated estimate of 47%. The indirect effect via hsCRP level reductions was unclear in the subgroup without prevalent gout.ConclusionThe first 3‐month reduction in hsCRP level was not a good biomarker for canakinumab's protective effect on future gout flares in the overall cohort. Among patients with prevalent gout, there may be a potential role for early hsCRP level reduction as a biomarker for interleukin‐1β inhibitors' future gout‐flare benefit.
Tackling Humidity with Designer Ionic Liquid‐Based Gas Sensing Soft Materials
Authors: Esteves Carina , Palma Susana I. C. J. , Costa Henrique M. A. , Alves Cláudia , Santos Gonçalo M. C. , Ramou Efthymia , Carvalho Ana Luísa , Alves Vitor , Roque Ana C. A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRelative humidity is simultaneously a sensing target and a contaminant in gas and volatile organic compound (VOC) sensing systems, where strategies to control humidity interference are required. An unmet challenge is the creation of gas‐sensitive materials where the response to humidity is controlled by the material itself. Here, humidity effects are controlled through the design of gelatin formulations in ionic liquids without and with liquid crystals as electrical and optical sensors, respectively. In this design, the anions [DCA]− and [Cl]− of room temperature ionic liquids from the 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium family tailor the response to humidity and, subsequently, sensing of VOCs in dry and humid conditions. Due to the combined effect of the materials formulations and sensing mechanisms, changing the anion from [DCA]− to the much more hygroscopic [Cl]−, leads to stronger electrical responses and much weaker optical responses to humidity. Thus, either humidity sensors or humidity‐tolerant VOC sensors that do not require sample preconditioning or signal processing to correct humidity impact are obtained. With the wide spread of 3D‐ and 4D‐printing and intelligent devices, the monitoring and tuning of humidity in sustainable biobased materials offers excellent opportunities in e‐nose sensing arrays and wearable devices compatible with operation at room conditions.
Functional Magnetic Microdroplets for Antibody Extraction
Authors: Al‐Terke Hedar H. , Latikka Mika , Timonen Jaakko V. I. , Vékás Ladislau , Paananen Arja , Joensuu Jussi , Ras Robin H. A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAntibodies play an essential role in modern medicine for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Even though the production of antibodies is the fastest growing pharmaceutical industry area, the cost of antibodies remains high, which limits access to antibody‐based medicine both in developing and developed countries. The bottleneck and major cost factor in the production is purification of the antibody. Here, a proof‐of‐concept is presented for antibody extraction using ferrofluid microdroplets. An external magnetic field splits oil‐based ferrofluid droplets into an array of daughter microdroplets, which serve as a magnetically tunable, hydrophobic, liquid substrate with a relatively large surface area. A fusion protein (HFBI‐Protein A), added to the solution surrounding the magnetic droplets, adsorbs strongly at the liquid‐liquid interface by the hydrophobin HFBI moiety, creating a bifunctional monolayer that can catch antibody molecules. After adsorption at the liquid‐liquid interface, these antibody molecules can be released by decreasing the pH of the solution. The antibody extraction process is investigated using confocal microscopy and gel electrophoresis. In addition, the effect of HFBI on the field‐induced ferrofluid droplet splitting is examined. This study provides a proof of concept for utilizing liquid‐liquid instead of a solid‐liquid system in antibody handling.
Control of Surface Wrinkling through Compliant Nanostructured Interfaces
Authors: Hung Kuo‐Kang , Chasiotis Ioannis 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSurface wrinkling occurs due to the mechanical instability induced by the stiffness mismatch between a soft substrate and a stiff film. In a two‐layer system comprised of a thick compliant substrate and a thin stiff film, the wrinkle pattern, as described by the wrinkle wavelength, amplitude, and orientation, is limited by the material properties and thickness of the two layers. In this work, an interface layer of nanostructures fabricated by glancing angle deposition (GLAD) is introduced to modify the surface wrinkling of polydimethylsiloxane due to a Cu film, thus enabling improved control of wrinkling in an otherwise constrained material system. Isotropic (nanospring) and orthotropic (nanochevron) Cu interfaces are GLAD‐deposited with different geometric parameters to control the in‐plane stiffness of the interface. The isotropic nanospring films provide a novel means to control the physical length scale of wrinkle patterns, namely, both the wavelength and the amplitude of surface wrinkles, while maintaining the amplitude‐to‐wavelength aspect ratio. The anisotropic nanochevron films result in anisotropy ratio of ≈10 which provides a unique means to modify the wrinkle direction independently of the direction of the applied load. The prediction by the experimentally calibrated analytical model is shown to be in good agreement with the experiment.
Disordered Nano‐Hemisphere Molybdenum Trioxide for Enhanced Light Out‐Coupling in Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Ren ZhanPeng , Cheng Jiang , Liao XiaoQing , Song Zhihao , Xu Da , Li Lu , Yu Junsheng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA 2D‐array scattering layer composed of disordered, wavelength‐sized molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) nano‐hemispheres that are introduced into existing organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) can maximize light out‐coupling. This MoO3 nano‐hemisphere scattering layer (M‐NSL) obtained by in situ annealing‐spraying is investigated in depth based on considerations of larger refractive index, higher transparency, and internal light scattering. With the simulation of finite‐difference time‐domain, M‐NSL can effectively reduce the optical loss among the structural layers caused by the mismatch of refractive indexes is observed and induce strong diffuse transmission, which reduces the total internal reflection in the substrate, thus improving light out‐coupling. The power efficiency and external quantum efficiency of the device with M‐NSL demonstrated performance metrics of 139.5 lm W−1 power efficiency and 47.5% external quantum efficiency at 1000 cd m−2, which increased by 82.4% and 64.5%, respectively, compared with the control device without M‐NSL. Potentially, the scheme will be easy to implement and incorporate into existing semiconductor device technologies, and it can be used separately or in conjunction with other methods to mitigate the critical angle loss in OLEDs.
Characterize and Retard the Impact of the Bias‐Induced Mobile Ions in CH3NH3PbBr3 Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Shen Teng Lam , Loganathan Aswaghosh , Do Thi Hoai , Wu Chang‐Min , Chen Yu‐Ting , Chen Zheng‐Jun , Chiu Nan‐Chieh , Shih Chun‐Hua , Wang Hsin‐Chih , Chou Jia‐Hsian , Hsu Yao‐Yuan , Liu Chi‐Ching , Chang Yun‐Chorng , Fu Yaw‐Shyan , Lai Wei‐Chi , Chen Peter , Wen Ten‐Chin , Guo Tzung‐Fang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHerein, the aspects of ion migration in polycrystalline CH3NH3PbBr3 thin film and their phenomenal influences on the output performance of perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are reported. The physical insight of bias‐induced migration of mobile ions in the perovskite active layer effectuating the observed non‐linearity in the increased magnitude of electroluminescence (EL) and luminous efficiency (LE) as a function of current density for PeLEDs is directly evidenced using the capacitance spectroscopy. Adding the zwitterion molecule, Choline chloride (Ch.Cl), in CH3NH3PbBr3 precursor solution for preparing polycrystalline perovskite film effectively passivates the charged defects, either positively or negatively, in organic‐inorganic halide perovskite and most importantly interferes the migration of ions crossing the grains in PeLEDs as verified by the higher calculated magnitude of the activation energy for the migration of mobile ions. As a result, the Ch.Cl‐additive devices exhibit the rather stable EL and LE magnitude under the electric bias. EL magnitude increases linearly as a function of current density, revealing the epitome of output characteristics for decent light‐emitting diodes. To suppress the influence of the migrating ions on operating PeLEDs is a key issue before it is stepped further to advance the efficiencies and the operational stabilities of perovskite devices.
Wafer‐Scale Two‐Dimensional Molybdenum Diselenide Phototransistor Array via Liquid‐Precursor‐Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Jeon Youngseo , Seo Jihyung , Kim Jihyun , Rhee Dongjoon , Jung Myeongjin , Park Hyesung , Kang Joohoon 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMonolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have received considerable interest as a candidate material for ultrathin photodetectors, but their practical applications are hindered by difficulties in synthesizing high‐quality films over centimeter‐scale areas. Although chemical vapor deposition (CVD) based on liquid‐phase precursors has shown promise for large‐area synthesis of TMDs, the resulting films typically exhibit much lower optoelectronic performance due to the lack of wafer‐scale uniformity with monolayer thickness and inferior electrical properties induced by defects. In this article, the authors present a wafer‐scale, gate‐tunable photodetector array from high‐quality monolayer molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2) films synthesized with the liquid‐phase CVD process assisted by a growth promoter. Continuous monolayer MoSe2 can form by introducing potassium iodide as a growth promoter for selenizing the metal‐precursor film. Side‐by‐side comparison between MoSe2 formed with and without the potassium iodide reveal that the promoter‐assisted growth strategy significantly improves the crystallinity, which results in enhanced optoelectronic properties. The resulting photodetector array is highly photosensitive over the visible wavelengths with photoresponsivities higher than those of the previously reported devices based on CVD‐synthesized monolayer TMDs and even comparable to the devices fabricated from mechanical exfoliation approach.
Quantifying Exciton Annihilation Effects in Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials
Authors: Thakur Kalyani , van der Zee Bas , Wetzelaer Gert‐Jan A. H. , Ramanan Charusheela , Blom Paul W. M 
Published: December 2021

AbstractImportant parameters for the design and performance of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters are the forward and reverse intersystem crossing rates between singlet and triplet states. The magnitude of these rates is determined from the prompt and delayed transient photoluminescence decay. It is demonstrated that this photoluminescence decay strongly depends on the initial photoexcited population density due to exciton–exciton annihilation processes. By kinetic modeling of the power‐dependent time‐resolved photoluminescence of the TADF emitter 9,10‐bis(4‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)‐2,6‐dimethylphenyl)‐9,10‐diboraanthracene (CzDBA), singlet–triplet annihilation and triplet–triplet annihilation are identified as the main loss processes with rate constants in the order of 10−17 m3 s−1. Neglecting these quenching processes leads to erroneous estimates of the (reverse) intersystem crossing rates.
Tailoring Circular Dichroism in an Isomeric Manner: Complete Control of Amplitude and Phase for High‐Quality Hologram and Beam Forming
Authors: Li Yongfeng , Pang Yongqiang , Wang Jiafu , Zheng Qiqi , Zhang Jieqiu , Zhang Jingjing , Jing Yao , Zheng Lin , Feng Maochang , Wang He , Qu Shaobo , Cui Tiejun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNowadays, the research of metasurfaces has been developed from single‐dimensional toward multi‐dimensional manipulation of electromagnetic (EM) waves, which greatly boosts the practical application of metasurfaces in both microwave and optics regimes. Currently, the demand for new methods to implement effective manipulation of EM waves in multiple dimensions is ever being increased yet it is still a challenging task. Here, a metasurface‐based paradigm is proposed for tailoring both amplitude and phase by isomeric manner in a dichroism level, which reveals a flexible capability of manipulating EM waves within all isotropic, anisotropic and chiral characteristics. Circular dichroism (CD) meta‐atoms are implemented via loading lumped resistors into planar chiral resonators. The cross‐polarization reflection amplitude of the circularly polarized wave is tailored precisely and continuously from 0 to 1 using the diastereomers of CD meta‐atoms, while the phase is independently manipulated by the rotamer counterparts based on Pancharatnam‐Berry (PB) phase. By controlling both amplitude and phase profiles of the metasurfaces with subwavelength spatial resolution, high‐quality complex amplitude hologram and far‐field beam forming are demonstrated. Encouragingly, this approach for achieving simultaneous control of amplitude and phase makes a milestone on multi‐dimensional metasurfaces which may find applications in integrated planar EM functional systems.
Innovation Quinary and n‐Value toward Fuzzy Logic QCA Cell Design
Authors: Akbari‐Hasanjani Reza , Sabbaghi‐Nadooshan Reza 
Published: December 2021

AbstractQuantum Cellular automata (QCA) is a technology developed to replace complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) technology that faces increasing challenges due to the miniaturization of CMOS dimensions. The use of multi‐valued QCA is of interest because of its proximity to fuzzy logic, and lower power consumption. A two‐layer quinary system is proposed and the basic logic gates are examined and simulated to confirm the correct performance of the proposed cell. The proposed cell employs two layers because the presence of more than two particles per layer destabilizes the design of logic gates. The proposed Quinary QCA(QuQCA) cell can be implemented in one layer using input and output derives. Simple relationships are proposed to calculate the polarization values and the number and type of layers, so complex quantum computations can be avoided. The quantum power consumption and the proposed cell power consumption of the quinary system are calculated and compared. Finally, we present n‐valued cells without using quantum computation, and these cells are examined in terms of the number of particles, polarization value, and cell structure. The n‐level cell can be investigated more easily than other technologies due to its proximity to fuzzy logic and the design of the input, output, and fuzzy membership function.
Enhanced Terahertz Spectral‐Fingerprint Detection of α‐Lactose Using Sub‐Micrometer‐Gap On‐Chip Waveguides
Authors: Park Sae June , Parker‐Jervis Rowan S. , Cunningham John E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe investigate using finite element methods how sub‐micrometer to micrometer‐scale coplanar waveguide (CPW) can be used for the detection of fingerprint spectra of very small (of order 10−14 mL) volumes of analytes in the terahertz (THz) frequency range. The electric field distribution is investigated near the waveguide for various gap widths between the center conductor and ground plane using a finite element simulation (ANSYS High Frequency Structure Simulator, HFSS). Taking lactose monohydrate as an exemplar material, a Drude–Lorentz model is combined for its real and imaginary permittivities with this numerical simulation, finding a significant enhancement in fingerprint detection as the gap width is reduced; the electric field in the CPW is found to increase by a factor ≈14 times moving from a 20 to 0.5‐µm‐wide gap between center conductor and ground plane, while the on‐resonance THz absorption increases ≈14 times. The effective absorption coefficient of the lactose at 530 GHz is investigated as a function of the slot width for various lactose block thicknesses to understand how change in the field confinement and in the effective overlap between the lactose block and incident THz waves affect the effective absorption coefficient.
Compact SchCas9 Recognizes the Simple NNGR PAM
Authors: Wang Shuai , Mao Huilin , Hou Linghui , Hu Ziying , Wang Yao , Qi Tao , Tao Chen , Yang Yuan , Zhang Chengdong , Li Miaomiao , Liu Huihui , Hu Shijun , Chai Renjie , Wang Yongming 
Published: December 2021

AbstractClustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/SaCas9 is the most popular tool for in vivo genome editing due to its high efficiency and small genome. The authors previously developed four SaCas9 orthologs as genome‐editing tools. Here, to expand the targeting scope, they investigate the diversity of protospacer adjacent motifs (PAMs) by screening a list of 16 SaCas9 orthologs, twelve of which display editing activity in mammalian cells. They recognize five types of PAMs: NNGRRT, NNGRRR, NNGRC, NNGA, and NNGR. Importantly, SchCas9 recognizes the simple NNGR PAM, representing the most relaxed PAM preference of compact Cas9s to date. It is further demonstrated that SchCas9 enables efficient genome editing in multiple human cell lines. Altogether, these compact Cas9 tools offer a new option for both basic research and clinical applications.
Identification of root bacteria associated with different stripe rust resistance in wheat cultivars
Authors: Yang Zhengting , Huang Yufeng , Shi Tianlong , Liu Jie , Yi Yin , Tang Xiaoxin , Li Fei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe plant rhizosphere bacterial community influences plant stress resistance. Stripe rust causes severe damage to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. To reveal the composition and function of root bacterial communities in wheat cultivars with different stripe rust resistance, rhizosphere soil samples were collected from four wheat cultivars. High‐throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to study the rhizobacterial community structure and function in stripe rust‐resistant (Guinong 19 and Huamai 1223) and ‐susceptible (Mingxian 169 and Taichung 29) wheat cultivars. A total of 6,392 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected, belonging to 29 bacterial phyla. Analysis showed the susceptible and resistant wheat cultivars had different microbial communities. Principal coordinate analysis showed that all wheat rhizosphere bacterial samples could be divided into two groups, according to different disease resistance. Linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis showed that different bacterial taxa were enriched in the rhizosphere soil between resistant and susceptible wheat cultivars. Functional analysis showed that the bacterial community in stripe rust‐resistant wheat had greater amino acid transport and metabolic functions. Our research not only provides basic knowledge of the composition of wheat‐related microbiota but also reveals the microbial taxa that could be integrated into the management strategy of wheat stripe rust.