bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mild HIV‐induced maternal cachexia predicts adverse birth outcomes in rural Tanzania (620.5)
Authors: Wilkinson Amanda , Pedersen Sarah , Urassa Mark , Mkwashapi Denna , Andreasen Aura , Kinung’hi Safari , Todd Jim , Changalucha John , McDermid Joann 
Published: June 2021

Chronic HIV immune activation alters systemic levels of cytokines regulating appetite and body composition and we hypothesized this is contributing to a mild degree of cachexia that typically remains undetected during pregnancy in food insecure regions. We developed a novel cachexia scoring system adapted to this context that included nutritional status (body mass index, mid‐upper arm circumference), anorexia, quality of life, hemoglobin, CD4, plasma ghrelin and cytokines: IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, IFN‐γ, IL‐10. Forty‐four HIV+ (mean CD4=560 cells/µl) women who received antiretrovirals by delivery and 70 HIV‐ pregnant women volunteered for this prospective cohort. Women appeared similar and did not statistically differ by obstetrical histories, demographic, nutritional or clinical factors. More HIV+ women experienced adverse outcomes (combined miscarriage, stillbirth, low birth weight; 14 v 6 %) and delivered infants with lower mean birth weights (3026 v 3299 g; p=0.018) and lengths (45.7 v 47.0 cm; p=0.007). Among HIV+ women, cachexia score predicted lower birth weights (p=0.028) and lengths (p=0.002) indicating the observed cachexia explains in part less favorable birth outcomes in this setting.Grant Funding Source: Mario Einuadi Center for International Studies
Exploring behaviors related to positive growth in an urban slum of Mumbai (620.9)
Authors: D'Alimonte Mary , Deshmukh Devika , Jayaraman Anuja , Chanani Sheila , Humphries Debbie 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Within Mumbai slums 47% of children under five are severely stunted. The aim of this project was to apply the positive deviance approach to assess what contributes to positive child nutrition in the slum of Dharavi. Results will inform programs offered by the Society for Nutrition, Education and Health Action (SNEHA).METHODS: Children with a height‐for‐age z‐score (HAZ)>0 (n=10) or a HAZ<‐2.0 (n=12) were randomly selected from SNEHA’s Child Health and Nutrition program. Eligibility was restricted to households with limited resources and more than one child. Qualitative semi‐structured interviews were conducted with mothers. A 24‐hour dietary recall and anthropometric measurements were taken for the index child. An observation checklist assessed household hygiene. RESULTS: Themes from the mothers of children with HAZ>0 include: having strong social support or having an elder female present to assist with child rearing, borrowing food in times of food insecurity, feeding infant formula as a supplemental food, mothers actively seeking nutrition information, and mothers acknowledging the importance of maternal nutrition. Mothers of children with HAZ<‐2.0 reported lack of social and family support to help with child care and household tasks. CONCLUSIONS: Enhancing social support, complementary feeding practices and maternal nutrition knowledge may have potential as interventions, and should be explored in a larger sample.Grant Funding Source: Wilbur G. Downs Fellowship for International Research
Trends of body mass index among children and adolescents in China, 1997‐2011 (621.3)
Authors: Wang Huijun , Zhang Bing , Du Shufa 
Published: June 2021

This study is to analyze the association between energy intake and physical activity and changes in body mass index (BMI) among Chinese children and adolescents. We used a subsample of 2,814 participants aged 2‐18 years old from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) who had anthropometric data and physical activity data measured at least twice in 1997 – 2011. We used longitudinal quantile regression to investigate changes in BMI over time and IOTF references to define overweight and obesity. The prevalence of overweight and obesity increased by 9.8% among boys and 5.8% among girls during this study period. BMI increased more in higher percentiles than in lower percentiles. An addition of 100 kilocalories per day would increase BMI by 0.02 kg/m2 among boys and 0.03 kg/m2 BMI among girls. An addition of 1 metabolic equivalent task (MET) per hour would decrease BMI by 0.12 kg/m2 (95% CI: 0.006 – 0.24) among girls but no effects among boys. This study may shed insights into preventing and controlling overweight and obesity among children and adolescents.This study was supported by NIH (R01‐HD30880) and Fogarty International Center, NIH (5D43TW007709).Grant Funding Source: NIH
Sequencing the transcriptome of milk production: milk trumps mammary tissue (622.2)
Authors: Lemay Danielle , Hovey Russell , Hartono Stella , Hinde Katie , Smilowitz Jennifer , Ventimiglia Frank , Schmidt Kimberli , Lee Joyce , Islas‐Trejo Alma , Medrano Juan , Korf Ian , Barry Peter , German J. 
Published: June 2021

Researchers have begun using RNA extracted from milk as a non‐invasive assay of the mammary transcriptome during lactation. However, the use of RNA from milk has not been adequately validated. In this study, we assessed the effect of milk collection and processing techniques on RNA quality and origin in milk samples from five humans and six rhesus macaques. Compared with whole human milk, macaque whole milk contained similar amounts of putative RNA‐containing cytoplasmic crescents, but more nucleated cells. Milk RNA quality was affected by collection time, storage time and sample type.Using RNA sequencing, we compared RNA extracted from milk fat, milk cells and mammary biopsies at two stages of lactation in rhesus macaques. Mammary epithelial‐specific transcripts were more abundant in the milk fat fraction, whereas non‐epithelial transcripts associated with adipose or stromal cells were more abundant in mammary tissue. Functional analyses of the three sample types confirmed the validity of milk as an enriched source of RNA from milk‐producing cells. Although RNA extracted from the milk fat of lactating primates accurately portrayed the RNA profile of milk‐producing cells, this sample type required adherence to protocols that minimized RNA degradation.Grant Funding Source: Supported by CNPRC Pilot Grant to DL as supplement of NIH/NCRR P51 RR00169.
Docosahexaenoic acid, nervonic acid and iso‐20 (BCFA) concentrations in human milk from the Global Exploration of Human Milk Project (623.15)
Authors: Dingess Kelly , Valentine Christina , Davidson Barbara , Peng Yongmei , Guerrero M. , Ruiz‐Palacios Guillermo , Brenna J , McMahon Robert , Morrow Ardythe 
Published: June 2021

The fatty acids (FA) of human milk, including DHA, NA, and BCFA may confer distinct neurological and immune benefits to the infant. Milk FA profile varies with maternal diet, but global comparative data on milk FA composition is lacking. To address this gap, we examined FA concentrations in human milk from three urban populations with differing diets: Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Shanghai, China; and Mexico City, Mexico. Sample collection was standardized as part of the GEHM cohort study. Enrollment was limited to healthy mothers of term, singleton infants. Fatty acids were extracted from milk using the Bligh‐Dyer technique and analyzed by gas chromatography. Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA. Samples from 25 women were analyzed per site at postpartum week 4. Cincinnati, Shanghai and Mexico mothers, respectively, had mean prepregnancy BMIs of 27.1, 20.1, 28.1; age at delivery of 29.4, 28.5, 25.7 yrs; and parity of 2, 1, and 2. Mean concentrations (mol weight%) of FA differed by cohort, with the highest DHA and NA in milk from Shanghai, followed by Cincinnati, then Mexico (DHA: 0.47, 0.22, 0.16, p=0.001; and NA: 0.23, 0.16, 0.10, p=0.01). In contrast, BCFA (iso‐C20:0) was highest in Cincinnati (0.39), and equivalent in Shanghai and Mexico (0.24, 0.24; p=0.01). The FA intake of breastfed infants differs significantly worldwide; the significance of this to early infant health requires investigation.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH HD13021
Hyaluronan from human breast milk induces the expression of galectins 4 and 8 in intestinal epithelium (623.24)
Authors: Kim Yeojung , Petrey Aaron , Kessler Sean , Hill David , de la Motte Carol 
Published: June 2021

Human milk glycans play an important role in protecting infants from bacterial infections by providing antimicrobial molecules and promoting development of beneficial microbiota. We have shown that hyaluronan from human milk (milk HA), a milk glycan polymer, induces the expression of human beta defensin 2 (HBD2), an antimicrobial peptide in vitro and the mouse orthologue in vivo, through a Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) and CD44 dependent manner. Importantly, milk HA reduces Salmonella infection of intestinal epithelial cells in vitro. We hypothesized that in addition to HBD2, additional antimicrobial molecules are regulated by HA. Our data suggest that Galectins 4 and 8 (Gal4 and 8) are regulated by milk HA. Gal4 and 8 mediate killing of blood group B expressing pathogenic E.coli and Gal8 plays a role in Salmonella killing. Our result shows that in epithelial cells, milk HA increases LGALS 4 and 8 mRNA expression levels ~4‐fold. Immunofluorescence histochemistry of intestinal tissue demonstrated that after milk HA treatment of mice, Gal 4 and 8 proteins are upregulated in and around luminal epithelium in vivo. In conclusion, HA treatment enhances the expression of galectins in intestinal epithelium and is a potential mechanism of protection from Salmonella infection.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NICHD
Dietary bovine osteopontin increases vaccine response, T‐cell phenotype and cytokine secretion in piglets (623.7)
Authors: Monaco Marcia , Comstock Sarah , Liu Kilia , Kvistgaard Anne , Wejse Peter , Donovan Sharon 
Published: June 2021

Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional milk protein with immunoregulatory activities. Herein, the impact of the addition of bovine OPN to formula on influenza vaccination response, T‐cell phenotype and ex vivo cytokine secretion was assessed. Newborn piglets were fed formula alone (FF), formula+140 mg/L OPN (OPN) or were sow‐reared (SR) for 21d. Half the piglets in each diet group were vaccinated (FZ) against human influenza (Fluzone, Sanofi Pasteur) on d7 and 14. Blood samples were collected on d21 and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated for flow cytometry and ex vivo stimulation assays. Serum FZ‐specific IgG in OPN piglets was significantly greater than FF and was comparable to SR. Dietary OPN increased the percentage of CD4+ (T‐helper cells), while vaccination alone led to a higher percentage of natural killer (NK) cells in PBMCs. Dietary OPN alone, or in combination with vaccination, increased PHA‐induced secretion of IL‐12 and IL‐10 by PBMC ex vivo. Secretion of IL‐6, IL‐10 and IL‐12 were highest in PBMCs from the OPN group upon LPS stimulation. These findings indicate that OPN modulates both cell‐mediated and humoral immune response to the influenza vaccine. Furthermore, the addition of OPN to formula may support immune responses more similar to those observed in breast‐fed infants.Grant Funding Source: Arla Foods Ingredients Group P/S
Children food intake during the school recess in Mexico (624.25)
Authors: Morales Ruan M. del Carmen , Jimenez Aguilar Alejandra , Shamah Levy Teresa , Rivera Dommarco Juan , Lopez Olmedo Nancy Paulina 
Published: June 2021

Objective: To assess the food and drinks intake as well as their calorie value throughout school recess in a 9 to 11 years old children simple.Methods: Transversal study, using a random sample of 370 children from 109 Mexican schools. Food consumption during recess was registered, collecting for each food the name, type, amount and source (home or purchased at the school). Metric units (g or ml) were estimated for the total consumed portions, energy, macro and micronutrients were calculated.Results: Children who consumed home prepared foods during recess, shown an average energy intake of 242 kcal whereas for those who purchase them food at school was 343.3 kcal. In the case of the children who consume home food and also purchase food the average kcal increases to 421.5. Regarding protein, sugars, total, trans and saturated fats and sodium the intake was lower among the children that consumed only home prepared food compared with those who purchase and/or eat food from home.Conclusions: Energy intake during recess in children that purchase food at school is greater than the 276 kcal recommendation for the lunch.In spite of the government regulations about food sale in Mexican schools.
Variation in serum retinol concentrations overtime in Zambian children during an intervention study (624.27)
Authors: Tanumihardjo Jacob , Gannon Bryan , Tanumihardjo Sherry 
Published: June 2021

Serum retinol concentrations are often used to evaluate intervention programs. However, they are influenced by many factors including inflammation, co‐micronutrient deficiencies, and to a small extent, recent dietary intake. Further, during healthy states, serum retinol concentrations are homeostatically controlled and maintained at a constant level over a broad range of liver retinol concentrations. This study evaluated the variations in serum retinol concentrations during an intensive intervention study. The main study design was such that 4 serum retinol concentrations were successfully determined in the same Zambian children (n = 127) over a 5‐month period. After a baseline blood, children (age 5.8 +/‐ 1.0 y; n = 140) were randomized to treatments of white maize and placebo, biofortified orange maize and placebo, and white maize with a daily 400 ug retinol equivalents supplement. A follow‐up blood was two weeks later before the 15‐week intervention. Finally, blood samples were obtained at 18.5 and 20.5 weeks after recruitment. The range of serum retinol concentrations by time was 0.92 +/‐ 0.26 (time 4) to 1.07 +/‐ 0.29 umol/L (time 2). The coefficient of variation was 6.5% for the mean serum retinol over the four times. The child’s individual CV, on the other hand, was 17 +/‐ 7% over the four time periods. Therefore, the variation by individual child was much higher than the mean by time. Moreover, only 9/127 of the subjects showed mean serum retinol values <0.7 umol/L; yet, 44/127 had at least 1 time‐point where their serum retinol concentration was below or equal to that cutoff. An individual’s high retinol concentration in one time‐point may outweigh the others. Further, investigation will be done by serum volume analyzed.Grant Funding Source: Supported by HarvestPlus, UW‐Madison Global Health and NIH
Efficacy of an electronic intervention to improve health behaviors in college students (624.32)
Authors: Schweitzer Amy , Klein Catherine , Ross Jamisha , Lei Kai , Hurtado Maria , Mackey Eleanor 
Published: June 2021

A diet and exercise intervention program was delivered by e‐mail to college students for 24 weeks to assess whether the program helped improve health habits. The intervention involved tailored, interactive diet and exercise goals. The control group received health fact sheets. Baseline, 12‐week, and 24‐week diet and exercise surveys were completed online. Height, weight, waist circumference (WC) and percent fat mass (FM%) by bioelectrical impedance analysis, were measured at each visit. Subjects were 183 healthy college students (18‐20 years), primarily female (70%) and diverse (36% African American, 33% Caucasian, 19% Asian, 4% Hispanic, 8% Other). At baseline 28% were overweight/obese by BMI, 43% had FM% higher than recommended, 90% consumed <5 fruits and vegetables daily, and 13% exceeded healthy WC guidelines. Mean baseline WC, BMI, FM%, and reported energy intake were not significantly different between control and intervention; furthermore, these measures did not change over time for either group. Healthy college students did not show significant changes in health measures after electronic intervention. Future electronic interventions in college students should focus on students who are at risk for overweight/obesity.Grant Funding Source: Supported by University of MAryland Designated Research Initiative Fund, NIH Award UL1RR031988
The effects of healthy Han‐sik nutrition education on metabolic syndrome in Korean adults with metabolic syndrome risk factors (626.6)
Authors: Kang Minji , Park Young‐Hee , Baik Hyun Wook , Paik Hee Young , Joung Hyojee 
Published: June 2021

Dietary habit is one of the most important factors contributing to the risk of metabolic syndrome. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of nutrition education program on metabolic syndrome in Korean adults with metabolic syndrome risk factors. The 411 Korean adults between 30 and 59 years of age were randomly allocated to three intervention groups: Han‐sik Education Group (HG), Balance Diet Education Group (EG), and Control Group (CG). HG and EG received four times of face‐to‐face nutrition education during 16 weeks. Nutrition education was tailored to individual’s dietary problems to prevent the metabolic syndrome. In addition, HG was recommended to use mainly Han‐sik in their menu planning. After the nutrition education, the overall adherence to the Korean Food Guidance System was increased in HG (p=0.0219). These changes in dietary behaviors induced a beneficial effect on the decreasing risk of low‐HDL cholesterol in HG (OR=0.57; 0.33‐0.99) and hypertriglyceridemia in both HG (OR = 0.52; 0.31 ‐ 0.88) and EG (OR=0.55; 0.32‐0.93). In summary, the developed nutrition education program for improving nutritional balance and increasing Han‐sik intakes were effective on the reducing metabolic syndrome risks among Koreans.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Agriculture Science & Technology Development (no.PJ007211), RDA, Republic of Korea.
Fatty and lean red meat consumption: different effects on Chinese abdominal obesity (628.1)
Authors: Wang Zhihong , Zhai Fengying , Zhang Bing , Popkin Barry 
Published: June 2021

This study prospectively investigates the association between red meat (RM) and subtypes intakes on the risk of abdominal obesity in Chinese adults aged 18 to 75 year. Data are from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) consisting of 47,785 observations from 16,822 adults from 1993 to 2011. RM intake was assessed with 3 d 24‐h dietary recalls. Abdominal obesity was defined as a waist circumference (WC) 蠅85 cm for men and 蠅80 cm for women. Multilevel mixed‐effect regression models showed that men had an increase in 0.74 cm (95% CI: 0.39, 1.09, p<0.001), 0.59 cm (95% CI: 0.24, 0. 95, p=0.01) of WC from higher intake of total RM and fatty RM but not lean RM intake [0.14 cm (95% CI: ‐0.39, 0.66, p=0.92)] in the top vs. the bottom quartile when adjusted for confounders of diet and activity and socioeconomic factors. In contrast, after additional adjustment for baseline WC, the odds ratios of abdominal obesity in men were deattentuated for total RM [1.25 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.47, p=0.01)] and fatty RM [1.22 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.44, p=0.14)] but still not affected by lean RM [0.95 (95% CI: 0.75, 1.22, p=0.74)]. No significant effects were seen in women’s WC and abdominal obesity. The gender effects and differential effects of fatty vs. lean RM warrant further study.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH R01‐HD30880 and R01‐HD38700 and the Fogarty International Center
Nutritional characteristics of chronic fatigue syndrome in Korean college students (628.16)
Authors: Shin Dongsoon , Yang Seul‐Gi 
Published: June 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship nutritional characteristics and chronic fatigue in college students in Korea. Total subjects were 130 students which numbers of male and female were sixty respectively. The measurement for chronic fatigue was Korean version of Fatigue Assessment Instrument (FAI). And blood pressure and body fat contents etc. were analyzed. In the case that the average BMI was 21, the group with high systolic pressure showed lower FAI scores than the group with low systolic pressure. The same pattern was showed in diastolic pressure and % body fat except blood glucose level. Moreover the sleep tended to be longer in the high systolic pressure group even though there was no significant difference. Between the group that BMI was under 18.9 and the group BMI was over 24, the former group showed higher FAI scores than the latter. The results might suggest that some increase of blood pressure and body fat could alleviate the chronic fatigue syndrome in adults.Grant Funding Source: Kyungnam University
Consumption of whole grain and cereal fiber with total and cause‐specific mortality: prospective analysis of 367,442 individuals (628.17)
Authors: Qi Lu , Xu Min , Huang Tao , Lee Albert , Cho Susan 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE: To prospectively assess the associations of intakes of whole grain and cereal fiber with all causes and cause‐specific mortality.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The study included 367,442 participants from the prospective NIH‐AARP Diet and Health Study (enrolled in 1995 and followed through 2009). Participants with cancer, heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and self‐reported end‐stage renal disease at baseline were excluded.EXPOSURE: Baseline intakes of whole grain and cereal fiber.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: All‐cause mortality and death from CVD, cancer, diabetes, respiratory disease, and infections.RESULTS: Over an average of 14 years of follow‐up, in total 46,067 deaths were documented. Consumption of whole grain was inversely associated with risk of all‐cause mortality and death from cancer, CVD, diabetes, respiratory disease, and infections. In multivariable models, as compared with individuals with the lowest intakes, those in the highest intake of whole grain had a 17% (95% CI 14‐19%) lower risk of all‐cause mortality and 11‐48% lower risk of disease‐specific mortality (all P for trend < 0.023); those in the highest intake of cereal fiber had a 19% (95% CI 16‐21%) lower risk of all‐cause mortality and 15‐34% lower risk of disease‐specific mortality (all P for trend < 0.005). When cereal fiber was further adjusted, the associations of whole grain with death from CVD, respiratory disease and infections became not significant; the associations with all‐cause mortality and death from cancer and diabetes were attenuated but remained significant (P for trend < 0.029).CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: Consumption of whole grain and cereal fiber inversely associated with reduced total and cause‐specific mortality; and our data suggest cereal fiber is the potentially protective component.
Red meat intake and serum levels of leptin, TNF‐α, and CRP in the Multiethnic Cohort (628.21)
Authors: Chai Weiwen , Morimoto Yukiko , Cooney Robert , Le Marchand Loic , Franke Adrian , Wilkens Lynne , Maskarinec Gertraud 
Published: June 2021

Objective: Given that chronic inflammation is considered a possible etiologic factor for cancer, the influence of dietary factors on inflammation is of interest. The current study examined the association of red meat intake with serum leptin, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and C‐reactive protein (CRP).Methods: This study utilized the data from control subjects (312 males, 911 females) in two nested case‐control studies of cancer within the Multiethnic Cohort. Linear models were applied to assess the association between red meat consumption and serum biomarkers while adjusting for potential confounders. Log‐transformed values were used.Results: Median time between the food frequency questionnaire and blood draw was 9.6 years. Red meat intake was positively associated with serum leptin levels in both men (β=0.18, P=0.003) and women (β=0.16, P=0.0001). In men, an inverse association was observed between red meat intake and serum TNF‐α levels (β=‐0.22, P=0.02). In women, higher red meat intake was significantly associated with higher serum CRP levels (β=0.10, P=0.001).Conclusions: Our results suggest that red meat consumption may play a role in cancer etiology through an inflammatory pathway.Grant Funding Source: National Cancer Institute grants R37 CA 54281 and P01 CA 33619