bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
URGENSI PENGUATAN PAYUNG HUKUM DALAM PENGEMBANGAN OBJEK WISATA DI KABUPATEN JEPARA
Authors: Zulianto Restu Andi , Prasetyoningsih Nanik 
Published: April 2021

Kabupaten Kabupaten Jepara merupakan daerah ujung pulau Jawa yang berada di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Potensi Pariwisata di Kabupaten Jepara sangat banyak mengingat Kabupaten Jepara sendiri berada di antara tepi Pantai dan bukit-bukit kecil sehingga untuk mengembangkan objek wisata di Kabupaten Jepara diperlukan suatu strategi melalui Kebijakan Pemerintah daerah. Masih banyak yang perlu dibenahi di objek wisata yang ada di Kabupaten Jepara seperti toilet umum, tempat sampah, penginapan maupun jalan akses menuju objek wisata di Kabupaten Jepara. Untuk itulah dibutuhkan Kebijakan-kebiajakan Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Jepara untuk meningkatkan dan mengembangkan objek wista yang ada di kabupaten Jepara. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan untuk mengkaji lebih dalam tentang penelitian ini yaitu Menggunakan Pendekatan Perundang-Undangan hal ini dimaksudkan bahwa peneliti menggunakan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan sebagai dasar awal melakukan analisis serta menggunakan Penelitian Hukum Empiris Kualitatif yaitu wawancara, pengamatan, dan observasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana Kebijakan Pemerintah Kabupaten Jepara dalam Pengembangan objek wisata yang ada di Kabupaten Jepara. Penelitian ini mengkaji Kebijakan Pemerintah Daerah dalam Pengembangan objek wisata yang ada di Kabupaten Jepara. Hasil Penelitian ini bahwa Kebijakan Pemerintah daerah Kabupaten Jepara sudah diterapkan sesuai Perundang-undangan yang telah berlaku di Indonesia meskipun Kebijakan tersebut tidak merata sehingga bisa dikatakan kebijakan itu belum optimal.
Pertanggung Jawaban Pengelola Parkir Super Indo Godean Terkait Penerapan Klausula Eksonerasi Pada Karcis Parkir
Authors: Affisa Rizqa Nurfitriani , Fitriyanti Fadia 
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana tanggung jawab pengelola parkir di Super Indo Godean ketika terjadi kehilangan barang atau kendaraan ditempat parkir.dan bagaimana penerapan klausula eksonerasi di Super Indo Godean. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian gabungan antara penelitian hukum empiris dan penelitian hukum normatif.Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan wawancara kepada responden pengelola parkir di Super Indo Godean.Hasil penelitian ini adalah tanggung jawab pengelola parkir di Super Indo Godean menggunakan prinsip tanggung jawab karena kesalahan,beban pembuktian kepada konsumen jasa parkir. didukung oleh Peraturan Walikota Yogyakarta Nomor 16 Tahun 2011 tentang Petunjuk Pelaksanaan Peraturan Daerah Kota Yogyakarta Nomor 18 Thaun 2009 Tentang Penyelenggaraan Perparkiran. Selanjutnya penerapan klausula eksonerasi pada di Super Indo Godean diterapkan pada ketentuan parkir yang tercantum didalam karcis parkir ditinjau dengan Pasal 18 ayat 3 Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen adanya pengalihan tanggung jawab dinyatakan batal demi hukum. Serta pada Pasal 62 Ayat 1 Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 menyatakan pelaku usaha yang melanggar ketentuan pasal 18 dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 5 (lima) tahun atau pidana denda paling banyak Rp 2.000.000.000,00 (dua miliar rupiah).
Urban-Rural Migration under the devolved governance system in Kenya: Subsequent implications for income and occupation
Authors: Okumu Evans Taabu , Moenga Joash 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The study investigates the impact of urban-rural migration on income and occupation. The research aims to estimate the probabilities and significance of income and occupational change across different socio-economic characteristics and demographic profiles upon return to the rural areas from Nairobi city, particularly after the enactment of the 2013 Kenya devolution policy. The paper draws upon exploratory research using data comprising 69 interviews with the return migrants after they had established a stay in rural areas, two years subsequently after migrating from Nairobi city. By applying the empirical methods of probit regression model, the study finds that significant probability for income change varies across different socio-economic attributes and demographic profiles. Occupational change and associated probabilities are significantly determined by low education level, female gender, the old age, huge rural land size, and low migrant’s job-related expertise level. For both income and occupational change, rural land size more than 2.5 acres is a significant incentive for urban-rural migration; given the likelihood of return migrants shift to agriculture and in a long run establishes a robust source of income. This, after assigning other dummy variables, and setting the baseline at two years.
Effect of bank levy introduction on bank risk-taking
Authors: Puławska Karolina 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Risk-taking by financial institutions is widely regarded as the one of the causes of the global financial crisis. To reduce the probability of crises and internalize the costs of financial institution distress, policymakers have introduced bank levies (BLs). In this study, we evaluate the effects of the Hungarian and German BLs on the risk-taking behavior of financial institutions. We compare two totally different BL designs. The results unambiguously demonstrate that a BL on assets has a negative impact on the financial sector’s stability. The results of analyzing the influence that introducing BLs has had on the German financial sector demonstrate that BLs on liabilities decrease credit risk. An improved understanding of the determinants of the risk of EU financial institutions is very important for regulators and supervisors interested in benchmarking and validation issues related to the new EU banking regulation.
Coal-to-Gas Bridge Incompatible with Paris Agreement Goals
Authors: Ganti Gaurav , Brecha Robert , Strefler Jessica , Uekcerdt Falko , Luderer Gunnar , Gidden Matthew 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Achieving the 1.5°C temperature target of the Paris Agreement requires rapid and significant reductions in emissions. There is strong evidence that electricity generation from coal must rapidly decrease to achieve this goal, but a large range of uncertainty over a potential bridging role of natural gas in the electricity sector. Using the integrated assessment model REMIND, we find that pathways that meet the 1.5°C temperature target with low overshoot show a marked ‘off-ramp’ characteristic for natural gas rather than a bridge. Natural gas electricity generation in 2030 decreases to 12–15 EJ (from 23 EJ currently) due to policy action implied by carbon prices above 250 USD/t; low carbon electricity generation reaches a median share of 80% and nearly 100% by 2050. This is driven by early and sustained investment in low carbon sources and storage capacity. The lack of a natural gas bridge globally has regional implications such as a coal-to-renewable switch for China, avoiding an intermediate natural gas stage, and the start of a natural gas phaseout in the USA.
Comparative toxicity of trophic exposures to polybrominated compounds (2, 4, 6 - Tribromophenol and BDE-209) to Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Ribeiro Ciro A Oliveira , Bozza Dandie Antunes , Esqu Luise , Oliveira Elton Celton de , Neto Francisco Filipak 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In the last decades, there has been an increase in demand for new polymers, including flame-retardants compounds, to meet fire prevention by international safety standards. The decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) is a polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congener still in use worldwide. This compound presents lipophilic properties and so is easily bioaccumulated in the food chain. The 2, 4, 6 - Tribromophenol (TBP) is a PBDE metabolite also used as pesticide and flame-retardant for wood conservation. In the current study, the acute and chronic toxicity of BDE-209 and TBP was evaluated in Oreochromis niloticus through the analyses of redox unbalance, neurotoxicity and histopathological biomarkers after acute (24, 48, 72 and 96 h) and chronic (90 days) exposures to 0.5, 5 and 50 ng/g of the PBDEs. The results showed effects in GST activity and damage to biomolecules in both acute and chronic exposures. Histopathological findings were observed in the acute experiment, while hepatocyte lesions were found in both experiments. Only BDE-209 presented neurotoxic effects. The current study revealed new endpoints related with polybrominated compounds in fish, highlighting the needs to review the risk of exposure to biota and human populations.
Disrupted Dynamic Functional Connectivity in Distinguishing Subjective Cognitive Decline and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment Based on the Triple-Network Model
Authors: Xue Chen , Qi Wenzhang , Yuan Qianqian , Hu Guanjie , Ge Honglin , Rao Jiang , Xiao Chaoyong , Chen Jiu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Aberrant static functional connectivity (FC) within the triple networks involving the default mode network (DMN), the salience network (SN), and the executive control network (ECN) was found in subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). However, dynamic FC (DFC) analysis within triple networks of SCD and aMCI was absent. We collected resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 44 SCD, 49 aMCI, and 58 controls (HC). DFC analysis were used to analyze the DFC variability within the triple networks among three groups. Then the correlation analysis was conducted to reveal the relationship between the altered DFC variability within the triple networks and the declined cognitive function. Furthermore, the logistic regression analysis was used to assess the diagnostic accuracy of altered DFC variability within the triple networks in SCD and aMCI. Compared to HC, SCD and aMCI both showed altered DFC variability within the triple networks. The DFC variability in the right middle temporal gyrus and left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) within ECN were significantly different between SCD and aMCI. Moreover, the altered DFC variability in the left IFG within ECN was obviously associated with the decline in episodic memory and executive function. Lastly, the logistic regression analysis showed multivariable analysis had high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of SCD and aMCI. The altered DFC variability and triple-network model proved to be an important biomarker to diagnosis and identification of preclinical AD spectrum.
Centellosides in Centella Asiatica: Bioconversion (Ratios), Elite Lines, Biomarkers
Authors: Kunjumon Renju , Johnson Anil John , Kurup Rajani , Baby Sabulal 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Centellosides viz., asiatic acid (ASA), madecassic acid (MDA), asiaticoside (ASI), madecassoside (MAD), are the major bioactive molecules in Centella asiatica (CA). In this study MDA:ASA, MAD:ASI (C6-hydroxylation versus non-hydroxylation) and ASI:ASA, MAD:MDA (C28-glycoside versus aglycone) ratios in 50 CA accessions originally collected from wild locations in south India and grown under identical ecological conditions for six generations were determined using validated HPTLC-densitometry protocol(s). ASA, MDA, ASI and MAD ranged from 0.01-0.29% (average 0.06 ± 0.08%, n = 22; 28 accessions recorded ASA content as zero), 0.02-0.72% (0.12 ± 0.13%), 0.04-2.41% (0.44 ± 0.52%) and 0.15%-5.27% (1.59 ± 1.26%, n = 50), respectively. Distinctly, C6-hydroxylated (MDA:ASA 4.00, MAD:ASI 3.61) and C28-glycosylated (ASI:ASA 7.33, MAD:MDA 13.25) centellosides dominated over the respective non-derivatized entities. Our results infer that both C6-hydroxylation by P450-dependent monooxygenases and C28-glycosylation by UDP-Glc glucosyltransferases (UGTs) are dominant biosynthetic steps in CA. This study also discovered six elite clones of CA from south India with their (ASI+MAD) contents above the industrial benchmark (≥ 4%). Two elite clones with ASI contents ≥ 2% were also identified. These elite lines can be multiplied and utilized for the industrial applications of CA. Besides, this study emphasizes the need for standardizing all four centellosides as biomarkers in CA raw drugs, pharmaceutical and cosmetic products.
Hyperthermia increases HSP production in human PDMCs by stimulating ROS formation, p38 MAPK and Akt signaling, and increasing HSF1 activity
Authors: Liu Ju-Fang , Chen PoChun , Ling Thai-Yen , Hou Chun-Han 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundHuman placenta-derived multipotent cells (hPDMCs) are isolated from a source uncomplicated by ethical issues and are ideal for therapeutic applications because of their capacity for multilineage differentiation and proven immunosuppressive properties. It is known that heat-shock preconditioning induces the upregulation of heat-shock proteins (HSPs), which enhance survival and engraftment of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) during transplantation in live animal models, although whether heat-shock preconditioning has the same effects in hPDMCs is unclear. MethodsThe hPDMCs were isolated from placenta of healthy donors. The cells were treated with heat shock (43°C, 15 min), followed by evaluation of cell viability. Furthermore, the HSPs expression were assessed by Western blot, qPCR. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and signal pathway activation were determined by flow cytometry and Western blot, respectively. The regulatory pathways involved in HSPs expression were examined by pretreatment with chemical inhibitors, and siRNAs, and then investigating HSPs expression. ResultsThis study demonstrates that subjecting hPDMCs to heat shock treatment induced ROS generation and upregulated HSPs in hPDMCs. Heat shock stimulation also increased p38 MAPK and Akt phosphorylation. These effects were reduced by inhibitors of ROS, p38 MAPK and Akt. Moreover, we found that heat stress reduced levels of the transcription factor heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) in the cytosol, but that heat shock enhanced HSF1 translocation from the cytosol to the cell nucleus. Pretreatment of hPDMCs with ROS scavengers, SB203580 and Akt inhibitors also reduced the translocation of HSF1 induced by heat shock. ConclusionsOur data indicate that heat shock acts via ROS to activate p38 MAPK and Akt signaling, which subsequently activates HSF1, leading to HSP activation and contributing to the protective role of hPDMCs.
Optical Performance of Tin Doped Indium Oxide (ITO) Thin Films Prepared By Sol Gel Dip Coating Techniques Using Acrylamide Route
Authors: Govindarajan Ramanathan , K.R Murali 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
At present various oxide of metal semiconductors play significant role in the field of electronics device. Most of the semiconductor devices exploit the special characteristics of the junction between a p-type and n-type semiconductor, these devices can be made extremely small in size and they are incredibly fast in their response. Generally metal have good reflectivity in the electromagnetic region of infrared and visible radiation. Indium oxide material doped with tin (ITO) are recently used in the substrate material for various applications, because of it has special properties are low resistivity and high optical transmittance in the visible region. In this paper, we prepare ITO films with different tin concentration (5%, 10%, 30%, 50% and 70%) using acrylamide sol gel dip coated method and its results were reported. TCO materials have good electrical conductivity and optical transparency, and also it has n-type semiconductor with a band gap between 3.5 and 4.3 eV. An X-ray study indicates all the prepared samples were bixbyte structure. Optical behaviour of materials can be understood in the near infrared and visible spectrum. Some optical parameters refractive index, extinction coefficient and dielectric constant of ITO films are calculated from the data received from the UV transmission studies. Using W-D model the dispersion of refractive index was calculated. The optical band gap, oscillator energy, dispersion energy and optical conductivity and N/m* ratio were estimated and this material is well suitable for dye sensitized solar cell and sensor application.
Wideband MR Echo Planar Imaging: A High Temporal/Spatial Resolution Neuro-architecture study of Rodent Brain
Authors: Cheng Po-Wei , Chiueh Tzi-Dar , Chen Jyh-Horng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Latest simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) methods greatly benefit MR efficiency for recent studies using parallel imaging technique. However, these methods are limited by the requirement of array coils. The proposed Coherent Wideband method, which employs an extended field of view to separate multiple excited slices, can be applied to any existing MRI instrument, even those without array coils. In this study, the Coherent Wideband echo-planar imaging method was implemented on 7T animal MRI to exhibit comprehensive enhancements in neuro-architecture, including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and functional MR studies (fMRI). Under the same scan time, the time-saving effect can be manipulated to increase the number of averages for DTI SNR improvement, reducing fractional anisotropy difference by 56.9% (from 0.072 to 0.041) and the deviation angle by 64% (from 25.3⁰ to 16.2⁰). In summary, Coherent Wideband EPI will provide faster, higher resolution, thinner slice, or higher SNR imaging for precision neuro-architecture studies.
Comparative Study of Brain Ontogeny: Marsupials, Humans and Other Eutherians
Authors: Miguel Carmen De , Saniotis Arthur , Cieslik Agata , Henneberg Maciej 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The human brain is commonly considered unique in its growth pattern, especially in its fast growth in early infancy. Consequently, many researchers were encouraged to find peculiarities in the human brain and development which differentiated it from the brains of other animals. In this paper, we argue that the pattern of human brain growth is not different from that of other mammals, both marsupials and eutherians. Thus, our study, challenges the notion of the uniqueness of the human brain and its development indicating that specifically human mental abilities are not a result of brain morphology or size. In order to test our hypothesis we studied the ontogeny of brain weight relative to body weight using pouch young sample of 43 koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus), 28 possums (Trichosurus vulpecula), and 36 tammar wallabies (Macropus eugenii) preserved in a solution of 10 % buffered formalin. We also analysed the growth of brain vs. body size in all eutherian species falling into this group (humans, rhesus monkeys, dogs, cats, rats and mice).
Cervical approach for retro-sternal goiter reaching the arch of aorta
Authors: Hafez Mohamed Tarek , Abdelmaksoud Mostafa M. , Awny Shadi , Jamjoom Alaa , Mashat Abdullah , Abdelwahab Khaled , ElMaadawy Merit 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Although the retrosternal goiters are characterized by the protrusion of at least 50% of the thyroid tissue below the level of the thoracic inlet, their definite definition is still controversial. Total thyroidectomy for retrosternal goiter has a great challenge and mostly requires an experienced thyroid surgeon. Excision could be possible through a cervical incision in most cases, though Sternotomy remains an option. Patients and Methods: We report fourteen patients who presented to our academic medical center between 2016 and 2019 with large thyroid goiters and retrosternal extension proven by computerized tomography scan of the neck, presented in both Mansoura University Oncology Center, Egypt and East Jeddah Hospital, Saudi Arabia from 2016 to 2019. Results: Fourteen cases with retrosternal goiter been undergone total thyroidectomy through a cervical incision without the need for median sternotomy, although the thoracic surgeon was stand-by in three cases. Six patients were found to have a malignancy in the post-operative histopathological assessment.CONCLUSION: Surgical procedures for most all retrosternal goiters can be completed successfully using a cervical approach; however, a sternotomy is required in a small number of such patients.
Identification of antigenic epitopes for Guertu virus nucleocapsid protein
Authors: Wang Siyuan , Yue Xihong , Shalitanati Alai , Moming Abulimiti , Shen Shu , Xu Wanxiang , Shi Shen , Ding Juntao , Deng Fei , Zhang Yujiang , Li Yijie , Sun Surong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Guertu virus (GTV), a novel tick-borne virus with potential pathogenicity, was first isolated from Dermacentor nuttalli in Xinjiang, China, in 2014. GTV has been shown to infect animal and human cell lines and to be pathogenic in mice. The viral nucleoprotein (NP) is the most conserved immunogenic protein. Elucidating the B-cell epitopes (BCEs) in the immunodominant region of the NP is important for the development of virus detection methods and vaccines. In order to identify the minimal motifs of linear BCEs in the NP of the GTV DXM strain, we used an improved biosynthetic peptide (BSP) method to truncate GTV NP into 30 16mer-peptides with 8 overlapping amino acid residues spanning the full length of the protein. The peptides were analyzed by western blot using rabbit anti-GTV NP polyclonal antiserum, and four positive 16mer-peptides were obtained. The 16mer-peptides were then truncated into 31 8mer-peptides with 7 overlapping amino acid residues and 10mer-peptides with 9 overlapping amino acid residues to screen for BCEs that can react with the rabbit anti-GTV NP polyclonal antiserum. The results showed that there were 6 minimal BCE motifs, namely, Enp1, 88EKYGLVER95; Enp2, 88EKYGLVER95; Enp3, 162TTKILMEA169; Enp4, 187GASKAEVY194; Enp5, 191AEVYNSFR198; and Enp6, 236ETAAAAYRNL245. Positive sheep sera could recognize all six BCEs with anti-GTV antibodies. The BCEs were aligned with the sequences of eight representative severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome phlebovirus strains from different countries and regions that were evolutionarily closely related to GTV. The sequence identity of the BCEs ranged from 80–100%, thus showing high conservation. The fine epitope mapping of GTV NP can be used to explore the biological and immunological properties of GTV NP antigens and serve as basic data for the development of multi-epitope detection reagents and vaccine design for GTV.
Anti-inflammatory components isolated from Atractylodes macrocephala in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages and BV2 microglia
Authors: Jin Hong-Quang , Kim Kwan-Woo , Li Jing , Lee Dae Young , Yoon Dahye , Jeong Jin Tae , Kim Geum-Soog , Oh Hyuncheol , An Ren-Bo , Kim Youn-Chul 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The phytochemical investigation on the methanol extract of the rhizomes of Atractylodes macrocephala resulted in the discovery of one new compound 9α-hydroxyatractylenolide (1) and 21 known compounds including atractylone (2), 3β-acetoxyatractylon (3), atractylenolide I (4), atractylenolide II (5), 8-epiasterolid (6), atractylenolide III (7), atractylenolide VII (8), 8-epiatractylenolide III (9), eudesm-4(15)-ene-7α,11-diol (10), linoleic acid (11), myristic acid (12), 3-O-caffeoyl-1-methyquinic acid (13), (2E,8E,10E)-tetradecatriene-4,6-diyne-1,14-diol (14), 14-aceroxy-12-senecioyloxytetradeca-2E,8Z,10E-trien-4,6-diyn-1-ol (15), isoscopoletin (16), caffeic acid (17), protocatechic acid (18), 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid (19), 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid (20), 1,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (21), and nicotinic acid (22). Their structures were identified using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectroscopy, and by comparison with previously published data. Compounds 4, 5, 6, 8, and 10–22 significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 macrophages, and compounds 4, 5, 6, 16, and 17 showed those responses in BV2 microglial cells. Especially, compound 6 showed the second-best effect, and inhibited the LPS-induced production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), the protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and the production of cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in both cells. These inhibitory effects were mediated by the inactivation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway.