bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanofocusing: reaching out
Authors: Zenin Vladimir A. , Bozhevolnyi Sergey I. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Nanofocusing, the term coined by Mark Stockman, has been observed in many different tapered waveguide configurations, demonstrating the possibility for optical modes to be efficiently delivered to and concentrated into nanoscale regions far beyond the diffraction limit in dielectric media. Strong and broadband local field enhancement and slowdown effects associated with the nanofocusing have been exploited for enhancing linear and nonlinear optical phenomena and reaching out to a broad spectrum of diverse applications, from electron generation to water vaporization. Starting with the historical background, we carefully elaborate on the basic concepts and mechanisms involved. We then provide examples of the latest developments in this exciting quest for bringing the fundamental physical phenomenon of nanofocusing into the realm of practical applications in modern nanotechnology.
The crystal structure of cis-diaqua-bis (N-butyl-N-(pyridin-2-yl)pyridin-2-amine-κ
2
N,N′)cobalt(II)] dichloride trihydrate, C28H44Cl2N6O5Co
Authors: Alexander Orbett T. , Alberto Roger , Roodt Andreas 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
C28H44Cl2N6O5Co, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P&#x203e;{1}$

(no. 2), a = 11.20(2) Å, b = 12.70(3) Å, c = 12.80(4) Å, α = 100.30(12)°, β = 103.18(9)°, γ = 106.77(6)°, V = 1638(8) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0372, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0890, T = 100 K.
Crystal structure of (E)-2-((3-fluoropyridin-4-yl)methylene)-7-methoxy-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one, C17H14FNO2
Authors: Wang Chen , Wang Lei , Meng Qing-Guo , Huang Zhi-Xin , Ma Nuan-Nuan , Wang Chun-Hua 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
C17H14FNO2, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 8.0937(8) Å, b = 7.1326(6) Å, c = 22.367(2) Å, β = 90.863(9)°, V = 1291.1(2) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0404, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0974, T = 99.97(16) K.
Glossary of methods and terms used in analytical spectroscopy (IUPAC Recommendations 2019)
Authors: Goenaga Infante Heidi , Warren John , Chalmers John , Dent Geoffrey , Todoli Jose Luis , Collingwood Joanna , Telling Neil , Resano Martin , Limbeck Andreas , Schoenberger Torsten , Hibbert D. Brynn , LeGresley Adam , Adams Kristie , Craston Derek 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Recommendations are given concerning the terminology of concepts and methods used in spectroscopy in analytical chemistry, covering nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, atomic spectroscopy, and vibrational spectroscopy.
Organocatalysis emerging as a technology
Authors: Aukland Miles H. , List Benjamin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
During the last 20 years, organocatalysis has significantly advanced as a field. Thanks to contributions from hundreds of groups and companies around the world, the area has risen from a few mechanistically ill-defined niche reactions, to one of the most vibrant and innovative fields in chemistry, providing several well-defined generic activation modes for selective catalysis. Organocatalysis is also on the rise in industrial settings, especially for the production of enantiomers, which are of use in fine chemistry, pharma, crop-protection, and fragrance chemistry. Here we will look at some of the specific elements of organocatalysis that we think are particularly attractive and contribute to this successful development.
Small Size of Recorded Neuronal Structures Confines the Accuracy in Direct Axonal Voltage Measurements
Authors: Oláh Viktor János , Tarcsay Gergely , Brunner János 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPatch-clamp instruments including amplifier circuits and pipettes affect the recorded voltage signals. We hypothesized that realistic and completein silicorepresentation of recording instruments together with detailed morphology and biophysics of small recorded structures will reveal signal distortions and provide a tool that predicts native, instrument-free electrical signals from distorted voltage recordings. Therefore, we built a model that was verified by small axonal recordings. The model accurately recreated actual action potential (AP) measurements with typical recording artefacts and predicted the native electrical behavior. The simulations verified that recording instruments substantially filter voltage recordings. Moreover, we revealed that instrumentation directly interferes with local signal generation depending on the size of the recorded structures, which complicates the interpretation of recordings from smaller structures, such as axons. However, our model offers a straightforward approach that predicts the native waveforms of fast voltage signals and the underlying conductances even from the smallest neuronal structures.
Sleep and Behavior 24 Months After Early Tonsillectomy for Mild OSA: An RCT
Authors: Waters Karen A. , Chawla Jasneek , Harris Margaret-Anne , Heussler Helen , Cheng Alan T. , Black Robert J. 
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
The Preschool Obstructive Sleep Apnea Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy study is a prospective randomized controlled study of children aged 3 to 5 years. This follow-up evaluated postoperative outcomes 24 months after randomization.

METHODS
Baseline, 12-month, and 24-month assessments included intellectual ability, polysomnography, audiology, a pediatric sleep questionnaire, the parent rating scale of the Behavior Assessment System for Children, and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning.

RESULTS
In total, 117 (55% male) of 190 children, 61.6% of those initially randomly assigned, attended 24-month follow-up; 62 of 99 were assigned T/A within 2 months (eT/A); and 55 of 91 were assigned to T/A after the 12-month follow-up (T/A12). Intellectual ability, our primary outcome, did not differ according to the timing of T/A. Exploratory analyses revealed changes in both groups after T/A, including fewer children having day sleeps (eT/A from baseline 97% to 11%, T/A12 from 36% at 12 months to 9%), improved symptom scores (eT/A 0.62 to 0.25, T/A12 0.61 to 0.26; P &lt; .001), improved behavior T-scores (eT/A 71.0 to 59.9, T/A12 63.6 to 50.5; P &lt; .001), and improved polysomnography (obstructive apnea-hypopnea index eT/A 1.9 to 0.3 per hour, T/A12 1.3 to 0.3; P &lt; .001). The eT/A group revealed temporary postoperative improvement of Woodcock-Johnson III subscales (sound blending and incomplete word scores) and behavioral withdrawal.

CONCLUSIONS
T/A for mild obstructive sleep apnea led to large improvements in sleep and behavior in preschool-aged children, regardless of the timing of surgery.
Focal epilepsy due to de novo SCN1A mutation
Authors: Laur Domitille , Dozières‐Puyravel Blandine , Iléa Adina , Nava Caroline , Delanoë Catherine , Nasser Hala , Le Guern Eric , Auvin Stéphane 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjective. Our aim was to identify patients with SCN1A‐related epilepsy with a phenotype of pure focal epilepsy.Methods. We conducted a retrospective study and a systematic review in Pubmed to identify patients with focal epilepsy associated with SCN1A pathogenic variants.Results. We found three patients among 1,191 in our rare epilepsy database in 2017. The literature search from January 2000 to September 2019 led to identification of four patients with limited data. Our three patients had a common phenotype with focal‐onset seizures as the only seizure type. All patients showed normal psychomotor development in the first years of life, and no intellectual disability although they displayed some cognitive or behavioural problems. Fever or hyperthermia were triggers in all three patients. In addition, all had a history of brief recurrent febrile seizures in their first year, followed by a phenotype of pharmacoresistant focal epilepsy with normal brain imaging. Two of them were initially investigated for epilepsy surgery. Seizure precipitation by fever has also been reported in previously published patients.Significance. Focal epilepsy associated with SCN1A gene mutation should be recognized in patients with suggestive features, in particular among surgical candidates.
Sotos syndrome: a pitfall in the presurgical workup of temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Bättig Linda , Rosch Richard , Steindl Katharina , Bürki Sarah Elisabeth , Ramantani Georgia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTumour‐associated epilepsy accounts for a quarter of paediatric patients undergoing epilepsy surgery with the vast majority achieving long‐term seizure and drug freedom. We report the case of an eight‐year‐old patient who presented with developmental delay and overgrowth, followed by temporal lobe seizures that were attributed to a mesio‐temporal brain tumour, and who was eventually treated with epilepsy surgery. Histopathology revealed a diffuse astrocytoma but its gross total resection surprisingly failed to control the temporal lobe seizures. Genetic testing identified a de novo pathogenic variant in the NSD1 gene, thus establishing the diagnosis of Sotos syndrome. Sotos syndrome is a rare overgrowth syndrome with an increased incidence of malignancy, including the very rare occurrence of brain tumours. Seizures are frequent in patients with Sotos syndrome, often occurring with temporal lobe semiology and ictal EEG patterns in the absence of a brain lesion, and usually responding to anti‐seizure medication. Our case highlights Sotos syndrome as a rare but important pitfall in the presurgical workup of temporal lobe epilepsy that should be considered particularly in MRI‐negative cases but also in the presence of a focal lesion that does not fully explain the clinical picture. Most importantly, our observations underline the value of thorough presurgical diagnostics including genetic testing, even in apparently straightforward cases of lesional epilepsy, to rule out an underlying genetic aetiology that may not be treated by surgery. Finally, our findings emphasize the need to re‐evaluate our less successful epilepsy surgery cases and offer informed counselling and prognostication.
Effects of fish oil supplementation on spatial memory in rats with pilocarpine‐induced epilepsy assessed using the Morris Water Maze test
Authors: Nejm Mariana Bocca , Victorino Daniella Balduino , Guimarães‐Marques Marcia Jonathas , Scorza Carla Alessandra , Finsterer Josef , Scorza Fulvio Alexandre , Cysneiros Roberta Monterazzo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjective. Patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) are at high risk of experiencing cognitive impairment. Such dysfunction is also observed in an animal model of TLE, the rat model of pilocarpine‐induced epilepsy.Methods. We investigated the effects of fish oil supplementation on spatial memory in rats with pilocarpine‐induced epilepsy using the Morris Water Maze (MWM) test.Results. Although rats with pilocarpine‐induced epilepsy treated with fish oil learned the platform location significantly faster by Day 7 of the acquisition phase, spatial memory performance of these rats was unaffected by fish oil supplementation during probe trials.Significance. Our study provides insights into the importance of considering nutraceutical strategies for enhancing cognitive abilities in patients with TLE.
Simulation of Strong Ground Motion in the National Capital Region, India, from a Future 8.5 Magnitude Earthquake Using Two-Step Empirical Green’s Function Method
Authors: Sivaram Krishnavajjhala 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
In this study, I simulate high-frequency ground motions at five stations in the National Capital Region (NCR) of India for a large hypothetical Mw 8.5 earthquake in the Himalayan central seismic gap, at fault-distances of about 200–300 km. A smaller magnitude earthquake (22 July 2007 Mw 4.9 Kharsali) is used as the first-step empirical Green’s function (EGF) for the synthesis of an intermediate-sized earthquake of magnitude Mw 6.8 (1991 Uttarkashi earthquake). In the second step, the records of Mw 6.8 synthetics are further used as the EGF in the simulation of the postulated Mw 8.5 earthquake. Because the target region for the postulated earthquake is devoid of the necessary information on the geophysical constraints, I perform a suite of simulations for plausible scenarios of fault dimensions, stress-drop ratios, C, and scaling factor, N (between the EGF and target earthquake). This article uses heterogeneous slip distributions and variable stress drops on the rupture plane to simulate the target earthquake, based on the power spectral density of the von Karman correlation function. The estimated values of the ground-motion intensity measure (GMIM) such as peak ground acceleration, along with the engineering parameters such as the 5% damped, pseudospectral acceleration (Sa), Arias intensity (IA), and significant duration (TD), are compared for both the recorded and the simulated time histories. The estimated GMIMs of the Mw 6.8 synthetics are examined with those of the 1991 Mw 6.8 Uttarkashi earthquake, whereas the Mw 8.5 simulations are compared with those predicted by prevalent ground-motion prediction equations for rock sites. The Mw 8.5 earthquake scenarios indicate higher GMIMs and seismic hazard in the NCR, principally due to the area being underlain by sediment layers and fluvial deposits.
Efficient Propagation of Epistemic Uncertainty for Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analyses (PSHAs) Including Partial Correlation of Magnitude–Distance Scaling
Authors: Lacour Maxime , Abrahamson Norman 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) is moving from ergodic ground-motion models (GMMs) to nonergodic GMMs that account for site-source-specific source, path, and site effects and which require a much larger number of GMM branches on the logic tree to capture the full epistemic uncertainty. An efficient method for computing PSHA with a large number of GMM branches was developed by Lacour and Abrahamson (2019) using polynomial chaos (PC) expansion with the key assumption that the epistemic uncertainty in the median ground motion is fully correlated. In the current study, we remove the assumption of full correlation using a multivariate PC expansion. The correlation structure of the available median GMMs across scenarios is computed empirically. The median ground motion is modeled as a Gaussian random process with the correlation structure of the GMMs across the range of relevant earthquake scenarios. This Gaussian random process is discretized using the Karhunen–Loeve expansion, which leads to multivariate PC expansions of uncertain hazard curves. The hazard fractiles can be reconstructed during an efficient postprocessing phase that includes the effects of partial correlation between the GMMs. Multivariate PC expansions require significantly more terms than for the fully correlated case, which increases the calculation time by about a factor of 5, but it is still much more efficient than direct sampling of the branches of the GMM logic for a large number of branches. An example hazard calculation shows that the effect of using partial correlation in place of full correlation of the GMMs is small for the Next Generation Attenuation-West2 (NGA-West2) set of GMMs, indicating that the fully correlated assumption may be adequate for many applications. The multivariate PC method can be used to evaluate the effects of the partial correlation of the GMMs for sets of GMMs that are different from the NGA-West2 GMMs.
Effects of Earthquake Magnitude, Distance, and Site Conditions on Spectral and Pseudospectral Velocity Relationship
Authors: Zhang Haizhong , Zhao Yan-Gang 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
The spectral velocity (SV) is necessary information in the seismic design of structures with supplemental velocity-dependent dampers, and it is conventionally approximated by the pseudospectral velocity (PSV), which is available in seismic codes. Because of the significant approximation error, it is important to clarify the relationship between the two spectra to establish a suitable formulation to relate SV to PSV. Recent studies have point out that this relationship is influenced not only by the oscillator period and damping ratio but also by earthquake characteristics (Papagiannopoulos et al., 2013; Samdaria and Gupta, 2018). To clarify the seismological effects, in this study, an approach to relate SV to PSV based on the random vibration theory is proposed, and it is verified by comparing its results with those of traditional time-series analysis. The effects of earthquake magnitude and distance as well as site conditions on the relationship between the two spectra are explored based on the proposed approach as well as statistical analysis of recorded seismic motions. It is found that the SV approaches the PSV with increasing magnitudes at long oscillator periods but performs oppositely at short oscillator periods. The demarcation range beyond which the opposite trend is observed varies from (0.07–0.24) to (0.12–0.87) s using the proposed approach and considering the regions of central and eastern North America. The range varies from (0.1–0.15) to (0.3–0.7) s based on the results obtained by the statistical analysis of seismic records in Japan. The observed phenomena were theoretically explained, and the seismological effects were found to be governed by the ground-motion frequency content.
The 1953 Suva earthquake and tsunami
Authors: Houtz R. E. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The epicenter of the Suva earthquake of Sept. 14, 1953, (U.S.C. & G.S. data: H = 00h26m36s UT 1812°S,17812°E;M=634; h about 60 kilometers) has been redetermined on the basis of landslide intensity, isoseismic analysis, damage criteria, the bathymetry of the epicentral zone, and by other means. The new epicenter is at 18.2° S, 178.3° E with an estimated probable error of five miles. Employing the new epicenter, P residuals of 15 stations (U.S.C. & G.S. data) were computed, assuming a normal and a 60 kilometer depth of focus. A normal depth of focus was decidedly the most likely.
Arrival times of the ensuing tsunami at various points were reconciled to show that the tsunami had an extended source from Suva harbor to Beqa island. The tsunami was clearly caused by the slumping of marine sediments immediately after the earthquake. The direct action of the earthquake produced small waves that served as warnings on Beqa and Kadavu islands. These waves are presumed to have been created by the vibration of the reef against the water. The destructive waves, arriving later, were produced by slumping effects originating on the edge of the marginal shelf. Their observed arrivals are consistent with this mechanism.
The bathymetry of the affected area was resurveyed and bottom changes up to 300 feet vertically were found. At a distance of more than 30 miles from the slumps, submarine cables were disrupted and displaced by as much as 13,000 feet. It is inferred that these effects were caused by turbidity currents travelling down a gradient of about 5 per cent for the first 10 miles and nearly flat thereafter.
Experimental investigation of PL modes in a single layer
Authors: Gilbert Freeman , Laster Stanley J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A two dimensional seismic model has been set up to simulate the problem of elastic wave propagation in a single layer overlying a uniform half space. Both the source and the receiver are mounted on the free surface of the layer. Seismograms are presented as a funciton of range. In addition to the Rayleigh and shear modes, PL modes are observed. Experimentally determined phase and group velocities compare fairly well with theoretical curves. The decay factor for PL is maximum at the arrival time of P waves in the half-space. There is also a secondary maximum at the arrival time of P waves in the layer. Although the decay of PL is small, phase equalization of PL does not yield the initial pulse shape because the mode embraces an insufficient frequency band to permit good resolution.
Effects of decoupling on spectra of seismic waves
Authors: Willis D. E. , Wilson James T. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A series of controlled high explosive shots were conducted by the Atomic Energy Commission in a salt mine near Winnfield, Louisiana, to investigate seismic decoupling theories. Two recording stations were used by the University of Michigan at various distances between 1.1 and 14.7 kilometers for a majority of these shots. Frequency analyses of the magnetic tape recordings were made and the results are presented showing the relationship of the frequency spectra as a function of charge size, distance from the source, and coupled vs decoupled shots. The smaller decoupled shots detonated in the large spherical cavities were observed to have somewhat higher predominate frequencies than the equivalent size coupled shots. A change in cavity size produced no significant difference in the shape of the spectra of the large decoupled shots.
Observed asymmetry of amplitudes from a high explosive source
Authors: DeNoyer John , Willis D. E. , Wilson James T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFrequency analysis of seismic magnetic tape records from a 500-ton high-explosive source shows a pronounced variation of amplitude with frequency for two different azimuths from the source. This amplitude variation is attributed, at least in part, to diffraction effects produced by the geologic structure in the vicinity of the source. The possibility of generating both SV and SH waves from P waves within this structure seems very probable.
A worldwide storm of microseisms with periods of about 27 seconds
Authors: Oliver Jack 
Published: July 2021

abstract
On 6 June 1961, a storm of microseisms with periods of about 27 seconds and a duration of about 8 hours was detected by long period seismographs throughout the world. At Palisades, ultra-sensitive seismographs detected the storm for an interval of about 2 days during which the periods of the waves decreased from about 28 to about 20 seconds. The seismic waves appear to be largely of the Rayleigh type and seem to originate in the southern or equatorial Atlantic Ocean.
The favored hypothesis on the nature of the source mechanism suggests that the seismic waves were generated by dispersed ocean waves striking the coast of the Gulf of Guinea. A second hypothesis suggests that the microseisms are a form of harmonic tremor associated with magmatic activity beneath the South Atlantic Ocean.
The travel times of the longitudinal waves of the Logan and Blanca atomic explosions and their velocities in the upper mantle
Authors: Lehmann I. 
Published: July 2021

abstract
The P travel times of the Logan and Blanca atomic explosions are found to be consistent with an upper mantile structure having a discontinuity surface at about 215 km depth at which the velocity and the velocity gradient increase abruptly while the velocity varies only slightly or is constant above this depth.
A direct digitizing seismograph
Authors: De Bremaecker J. Cl. , Donoho Paul , Michel J. G. 
Published: July 2021

abstract
A seismograph is described in which capacitance transducers on either side of the inertial reactor determine the frequencies of two Clapp oscillators. The oscillators are heterodyned and the resulting frequency, varying between 10 kc and 100 kc, is detected by a frequency or period counter and an analog output. The latter drives a self-balancing potentiometer through a cathode follower and an adjustable twin-T filter. It also drives a circuit with a very long time constant which keeps the boom centered through a coil and magnet transducer. The electronic noise corresponds to a boom displacement of less than 1.25 mμ. The sensitivity is about 400 cps per micron. The dynamic range is about 100 db at constant resolution. The digital output is temporarily in the form of printed or punched tape. A special magnetic tape recorder is being built.