bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of EC2-04 and ACI318-19 strength provisions for reinforced concrete beams under pure torsion
Authors: Saleh Samoel Mahdi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
While the EC2-04 and ACI318-19 provisions use almost the same philosophy to evaluate the torsional strength of reinforced concrete beams, some important details and limitations in these two approaches differ greatly. The objective of the present study is to investigate the differences between these codes and their accuracy by how well they estimate the torsional strength of experimentally tested beams. The predicted torsional strengths based on EC2-04 and ACI318-19 approaches were compared with the results of 120 tested reinforced concrete beams under pure torsion. The inclination angle of the concrete compression struts of the idealized space truss model is chosen to be equals to 45°. It was observed that the ACI318-19 approach is more conservative than the EC2-04 approach in predicting the torsional strength of the tested beams. The graphical comparisons of the predicted to tested torsional strength ratios shows that the EC2-04 approach gives approximately normal distribution curve with a peak at a strength ratio of about 0.85.
CLSTMNet: A Deep Learning Model for Intrusion Detection
Authors: Ahmed ISSA Ahmed Sardar , ALBAYRAK Zafer 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Intrusion detection as well distributed denial of service (DDoS) are vital in ensuring computer network security. Some researchers claim that current approaches cannot meet the requirements of today’s networks are either not workable or sustainable. In a more specific sense, these concerns are related to an increasing number of human interactions, along with reducing levels of detection ability. With our study, a novel deep learning model for intrusion detection is developed for addressing these issues. We proposed a novel deep learning classification algorithm constructed using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) named CLSTMNet. Our proposed model has been implemented and evaluated using the benchmark NSL-KDD datasets. Compared with many conventional machine learning algorithms, the satisfied outcomes have been obtained from our model.
Social discounting, social costs of carbon, and their use in energy system models
Authors: Löffler Konstantin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Discounting plays a large role in cost-optimization models, but is nevertheless often only covered in little detail in energy system models. The aim of this paper is to highlight the effects of varying discount rates and social costs of carbon in energy system models with the example of the Global Energy System (GENeSYS-MOD), propagating open debate and transparency about chosen parameters for model applications. In doing so, this paper adds to the academic discourse on socio-economic factors in energy system models and gives an outline to modelers in the field by providing example results. The results show that close-to-zero discount rates that factor in intergenerational equality, total emissions could be reduced by up to 41% until 2050 compared to the baseline discount rate of 5%. This effect is even increased when a carbon price akin to the actual social costs of carbon is chosen. This underlines the importance of the topic, which is, up to now, seldom covered in cost-optimizing energy system models.
A-87 Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Self-Reported Somatic Anxiety
Authors: McDonald Bailey E , Spagna Samantha C , Parker Brittany D , Golden Charles , Willeumier Kristen , Amen Daniel 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
To identify regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) differences between individuals who self-reported either low or high symptoms of somatic anxiety.

Method
Individuals who reported low levels of somatic anxiety (0-20th percentile;n = 8962,Mage = 39.2,39.2% female,62.6% Caucasian) and individuals who reported high levels of somatic anxiety (80-100th percentile;n = 6427,Mage = 40.9,39.0% female,69.5% Caucasian) were selected from a deidentified adult clinical outpatient database. Those with comorbid diagnoses were included. Significant differences (alpha = 0.001) were found for age [t(15387) = 6.3], and race [χ2(15) = 119.4] between groups and therefore were controlled.

Results
Significant rCBF differences were noted bilaterally in the frontal lobe [left: F(1,15,384) = 16.4; right: F(1,15,384) = 13.2] and motor-sensory strip [left: F(1,15,384) = 4.3; right: F(1,15,384) = 5.1]. Group means comparisons indicated higher perfusion in the frontal lobe of the high levels of somatic anxiety group. Lower perfusion was found in the motor sensory strip of the high levels of somatic anxiety group. No significant differences were found bilaterally in the cerebellum, limbic system, basal ganglia, vermis, or occipital, parietal, or temporal lobes.

Conclusion
Results indicated that individuals who report higher levels of somatic anxiety have higher perfusion in the frontal lobes and lower perfusion motor-sensory strip. Previous literature SPECT studies have found a link between individuals with panic disorder and increased activity in the right medial and superior frontal lobes. No research was found for anxiety in the motor-sensory strip. Limitations included the reliance on self-report measures of anxiety in place of clinical measures and the potential mediating effect of medication on somatic symptoms. Future research should examine perfusion in the motor-sensory strip, use clinical measures of anxiety, and control for mediation use.
A-97 Headache before and after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Acute-to-Subacute Outcomes in Patients with no Headache, Pre-Existing Headache, and Post-Traumatic Headache
Authors: Karr Justin E , Williams Michael W , Iverson Grant L , Huang Sheng-Jean , Yang Chi-Cheng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
Patients who experience a mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) may have a headache condition preceding injury, develop a post-traumatic headache after injury, or experience headache neither before nor after injury. This study examined whether MTBI patients with no headache, pre-existing headache, and post-traumatic headache differed in acute-to-subacute outcomes.

Method
Patients with MTBI were recruited from an outpatient neurosurgery clinic in Taipei, Taiwan after emergency department referral (N = 291; 40.2% men; M = 37.9 ± 13.9 years-old; Mdn = 7 days-since-injury, range = 0–21), completing neuropsychological tests of attention, memory, and verbal fluency and questionnaires evaluating depression, anxiety, and post-concussion symptoms. Participants with no headache (reported neither pre- or post-injury), pre-existing headache (reported pre-injury headache, of whom some reported worsened post-injury headache), and post-traumatic headache (denied pre-injury headache, reported post-injury headache) were compared using non-parametric ANCOVA, controlling for gender and days-since-injury.

Results
Neuropsychological test performances did not differ between headache groups. Participants with pre-injury headache and post-traumatic headache had greater change in self-reported physical (F = 25.52, p &lt; 0.011, η2 = 0.15) and cognitive symptoms (F = 3.74, p = 0.025, η2 = 0.03) than participants with no headache. Participants with pre-injury headache reported worse post-injury anxiety symptoms than participants with post-traumatic headache (F = 12.02, p &lt; 0.011, η2 = 0.08).

Conclusion(s)
Participants with pre-injury and post-traumatic headache did not differ in outcome within 21 days of injury but had worse self-reported physical and cognitive symptoms than participants with no headache. Most participants with pre-injury headache experienced worsened headache following MTBI (53.7%). Future research is needed to assess whether more specific headache subtypes are differentially associated with MTBI outcome.
A-105 Perceived Workload and Depression on the Rey 15-Item Recall and Recognition Test: The Impact of Ethnicity and Brain Injury
Authors: Cervantes Raymundo , Lopez-Hernandez Daniel W , Olmos Winter , Bichlmeier Amy , Rugh-Fraser Rachel A , Victor Tara L , Munoz Raelynn B , Mangassarian Selina , Fatoorechi Sarah , Bueno Alexis , Lopez Enrique , Nordberg Bethany A , Hovda David A , Vespa Paul M , Graub Nick , Fuster Joaquin M , Woo Ellen , Hardy David J , Boone Kyle B , Wright Matthew J 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Introduction
We examined the impact of perceived workload and depressive symptoms on Rey-15 plus recognition (RMT) in ethnic minority participants with traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods
The sample consisted of 63 healthy comparison [HC: 38 with ethnic minority status (EM) & 25 non-ethnic minority Caucasian (NEM)] participants and 40 persons with TBI (18 EM; 22 NEM). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale to measure depressive symptoms (HADS-D) and the NASA-Task Load Index (NASA TLX) to measure perceived workload.

Results
ANCOVAs revealed that NEM outperformed EM on the RMT, p = 0.000, ηp2 = 0.37. TBI survivors reported higher levels of HADS-D compared to HC participants, p = 0.018, ηp2 = 0.06. Additionally, the EM group reported higher levels of frustration on the RMT compared to NEMs, p = 0.033, ηp2 = 0.05. Interactions emerged for physical demand where NEM participant’s with TBI had higher ratings than EM participants with TBI. For HCs, the EM participants provided higher physical demand ratings than their NEM counterparts, p = 0.029, ηp2 = 0.05. Additionally, a significant relationship between HADS-D and RMT was observed in the healthy NEM participants (r = −0.558, p = 0.004) and NEM participants with TBI (r = −0.288, p = 0.080). Finally, significant relationships between HADS-D and mental demand, physical demand, temporal demand, frustration, and overall subjective workload were observed in healthy EM participants, r = 0.342–0.431, p &lt; 0.05.

Conclusion
Consistent with previous research, TBI survivors reported higher levels of depressive symptoms, which were associated with RMT performances. Overall, our data suggest the relationship between perceived workload, depression, and performance is complex and that investigators should interpret performance validity scores in person with TBI, depression, and/or EM status with great care.
A-115 Does Cognitive Reserve Moderate Functional Outcomes for Collegiate Athletes with Sports-Related Concussion?
Authors: Guty Erin T , Cadden Margaret H , Riegler Kaitlin E , Thomas Garrett A , Arnett Peter A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
Studies are lacking that examine whether cognitive reserve (CR) plays a role in differential outcomes for individuals in sports-related concussion (SRC), particularly within the acute phase. This study explored the relationship between CR (WTAR FSIQ), concussion severity (total PCSS score), and three separate outcome measures: cognitive functioning, return-to-play (RTP) time, and depression symptoms.

Method
The total sample included 175 (Males = 131, Females = 44) student-athletes at a Division I University, but only a subset of participants had RTP data available (N = 72; Males = 57, Females = 15). Regression analyses were conducted with CR, PCSS, and their interaction as the main predictor variables for the three separate dependent variables (neurocognitive composite, days to RTP, and BDI-FS total). Sex was found to be significantly related to the neurocognitive variable and the RTP variable and was included in those analyses as a covariate.

Results
For the first regression predicting neurocognitive performance, sex (t = 4.63, p &lt; 0.001) was the only significant predictor. For the second regression predicting depression symptoms, PCSS (t = 4.52, p &lt; 0.001) was the only significant predictor. For the third regression predicting RTP time, sex (t = 3.77, p &lt; 0.001) was the only significant predictor.

Conclusion
Our results did not support a significant moderating effect of CR on the relationship between concussion symptom severity and our three outcome measures (cognitive performance, depression symptoms, RTP time). However, sex appeared to be an important predictor for neurocognitive performance, with females performing significantly higher on average than males, and for RTP times, with females having significantly longer RTP times than males.
A-117 Strategic Memory and Advanced Reasoning Training for Rehabilitation of Warfighters with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Bailie Jason , Sargent Paul , Chapman Sandi , Caswell Melissa , Lopez Juan , Basham Angela , Westphal Alia , Barnard Lori , Siblesz Ana , Venza Erin , Zientz Jennifer , Remigio-Baker Rosemay , Babakhanyan Ida 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Military personnel require a level of cognitive readiness that ensures they function safely and effectively in high-stress situations. Warfighters who experienced a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) often complain of persistent cognitive issues that may impact those abilities. This study presents preliminary data on the efficacy of a 4-week Strategic Memory Advanced Reasoning Training (SMART) for warfighter rehabilitation. SMART improves executive functioning in order to enhance overall cognitive abilities.

Methods
This is part of a randomized clinical trial (Validation of Cognitive Enhancement Therapy for mTBI). 22 Marines with prior mTBI and current cognitive complaints; 7 of whom completed SMART and were included in the analysis. Cognitive tests of interest included the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System Color Word (CW) and Trail Making (TM).

Results
Improvements were observed on TM Number Sequencing (Pre: M = 9.71, SD = 2.06; Post: M = 11.86, SD = 1.35, p = 0.011, d = 1.37) and approached significance on Letter Sequencing (Pre: M = 10.29, SD = 1.81; Post: M = 12.57, SD = 1.13, p = 0.066, d = 1.26). Though non-significant, a large clinically-relevant effect size was found for Number-Letter Switching (Pre: M = 8.14, SD = 1.95; Post: M = 9.57, SD = 2.15, p = 0.106, d = 0.72). CW performance improved on Inhibition (Pre: M = 5.29, SD = 3.86; Post: M = 8.86, SD = 2.34, p = 0.034, d = 1.03) and Inhibition/Switching (Pre: M = 4.86, SD = 4.06; Post: M = 8.43, SD = 4.12, p = 0.015, d = 1.26).

Conclusions
The SMART program resulted in large improvements in the executive functioning of a small sample of warfighters with persistent cognitive complaints following a mTBI. The results support further examination of the efficacy of SMART for warfighter rehabilitation.
A-119 PPVT Impacted by Neuropathology in Moderate to Severe TBI
Authors: Krch Denise , Frank Lea , Weber Erica 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
Estimating premorbid intellectual functioning after brain injury is a critical element of determining cognitive decline. However, little research has been conducted on how Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT-IV) performs in adults after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Given that PPVT measures receptive vocabulary, it has potential to serve as a hold measure test. The objective was to explore characteristics of PPVT in TBI relative to a commonly used proxy of premorbid function (Wechsler Test of Adult Reading, WTAR).

Method
Sixty-one adults with moderate to severe TBI underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation and structural neuroimaging. Principal components analyses were used to create cognitive composite scores. Pearson’s correlations were conducted to explore the relationships between PPVT/WTAR standard scores (SS) and neuropathology (white matter integrity as whole brain functional anisotropy [FA]). The relationships between PPVT/WTAR SSs and cognitive constructs were similarly examined.

Results
PPVT was significantly related to FA (r = 0.34, p = 0.014). However, there was no relationship between WTAR and neuropathology. PPVT was significantly related to age (r = 0.38, p = 0.006), so this variable was controlled for in associated analyses (NB. WTAR was not related to age). PPVT was found to be significantly related to contextualized and noncontextualized memory, attention, executive function, and processing speed (all ps &lt; 0.05). In contrast, WTAR was only significantly related to contextualized memory, attention, and executive function.

Conclusions
PPVT appears to be impacted by neuropathology, indicating that it may not be appropriate as a hold measure after TBI. This may be explained by PPVT’s significant relationship with fluid intelligence domains known to be impacted after neurologic insult.
A-130 Validity-10, Remaining-12 and Total NSI Scores as Measures of Symptom Validity in Service Members with a History of mTBI
Authors: Hungerford Lars , Lippa Sara , Armistead-Jehle Patrick , Brickell Tracey , French Louis , Lange Rael 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
The Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI), a commonly used self-report measure of concussive symptoms, is frequently employed throughout the Defense Health Agency. Embedded measures of symptom validity have been developed that include the Validity-10 and total NSI score. A recent investigation in a small sample of veterans (n = 45) suggested that the 12 items on the NSI that do not contribute to the Validity-10 (Remaining-12) perform in a manner similar to the Validity-10. The current study sought to evaluate the classification accuracy of the Validity-10, Remaining-12 and total NSI score in a larger sample to assess the relative utility of each.

Method
The NSI and MMPI-2-RF scores of 255 active duty Service Members and Veterans seen ≥4 months after mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) were evaluated. MMPI-2-RF criterion were defined as over-reporting (&gt;79 on Fs, RBS, and/or FBS-r; &gt;78 on F-r; &gt;69 on Fp-r) and invalid (&gt;119 on F; &gt;99 on all other scales).

Results
Correlations between all MMPI-2-RF over-report scales and the Validity-10, Remaining-12, and NSI total were roughly commensurate and significant at the p &lt; 0.001 level. AUC values for the RF over-report protocols were as followings: Validity-10 = 0.87, Remaining-12 = 0.89, NSI total = 0.89. AUC values for invalid RF protocols were as follows: Validity-10 = 0.91, Remaining-12 = 0.92, NSI total = 0.93.

Conclusions
The current findings indicate reasonable and equivalent classification accuracies for the Validity-10, Remaining-12, and NSI total score. These data can be taken to suggest that there is limited uniqueness of the Validity-10 relative to the remaining NSI items.
A-132 Long-Term Vocational Outcomes Following Cognitive Rehabilitation for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI): 5-Year Follow-Up of a Cohort from the SCORE Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Cooper Douglas , Bowles Amy O , Curtiss Glenn , Eapen Blessen , Grills Chad , Tate David , Vanderploeg Rodney , Kennedy Jan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
Vocational functioning was examined in a cohort of military service members 5 years after completing a randomized, 4-arm controlled trial (RCT) exploring the efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation (CR) for persistent cognitive symptoms following mTBI.

Methods
Inception cohort design included 69 of the 103 participants (67%) who completed both the study intervention and a 6-week follow-up, contacted by phone at 5-year follow-up. Outcome measures included post-concussive symptoms, emotional distress, functional cognitive complaints, and occupational status. Participants were dichotomized into good and poor occupational outcome groups (Good — returned to duty or retired at the end of the term of service; Poor — medically retired or found unfit for duty by a medical evaluation board).

Results
Results of a 2X4 contingency table analysis (good/poor occupational outcome by CR treatment group) found 44% of the sample had good occupational outcomes at 5 years. Good outcomes did not significantly differ by CR treatment arm: psychoeducation 56%, computer-directed 18%, therapist-directed 43%, therapist-directed plus psychotherapeutic intervention 50%, χ2(3) = 4.213, p = 0.239. Logistic regression predicting occupational outcome by CR treatment arm found no significant findings of treatment arm (Computer vs. Psychoeducation β = −1.755, p = 0.059; Therapist-directed vs Psychoeducation β = −0.514, p = 0.434; Integrated vs. Psychoeducation β = −0.251, p = 0.716). Psychoeducation treatment arm was coded as the reference group.

Conclusions
Contrary to our hypotheses, long-term vocational outcomes were lower than expected, despite reductions in overall post-concussive complaints, functional cognitive difficulties, and emotional distress, underscoring the complexity of vocational functioning in post-deployment service members.
A-137 Role of Neuropsychology in Framing and Assisting the Development of Recovery Efforts: Education for Providers across Disciplines
Authors: Tozser Timea , Ergun Gokce 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
Information regarding differences in concussion and mild TBI recovery management protocols and recovery expectations vary across disciplines. This often leads to imprecise expectations for prognosis and adverse impacts on effective treatment and recovery. National groups and institutions provide training regarding concussion by neuropsychologists and rehabilitation psychologists to psychologists; however, broadband cross-discipline training is limited. Clinically, psychoeducation and clarification fall on Neuropsychologists and Rehabilitation psychologists. The purpose of this poster is to highlight the importance of the role of neuropsychologists in the education of concussion versus TBI recovery to support medical providers, teachers, and educators to facilitate appropriate care.

Data Selection
The current literature was review and obtained through the search within various databases such as PsycInfo, Google Scholar, and OhioLink. Keywords such as concussion, mild traumatic brain injury, psychoeducation, and neuropsychology were utilized to provide an inclusive review of the current research (2016–2021).

Data Synthesis
The focus of existing literature supports the education of concussions for patients and their families. Much of the literature supports the role of many disciplines to aid in recovery. There is limited research to support neuropsychology/Rehabilitation psychology’s efficacy to provide didactic training for providers of different fields supporting this population.

Conclusion
Through research, advocacy, and program development, the field of Neuropsychology and Rehabilitation psychology can utilize the holistic framework of the brain–body relationship to further facilitate the discussion of concussion and TBI recovery for providers of other disciplines serving these populations. Since treatment is multi-disciplinary for this clinical population, further programmatic evaluation provides interdisciplinary didactics to improve patient care.