bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exact models for the flying sidekick traveling salesman problem
Authors: Dell'Amico Mauro , Montemanni Roberto , Novellani Stefano 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper presents three enhanced formulations for the flying sidekick traveling salesman problem, where a truck and a drone cooperate to deliver parcels to customers minimizing the completion time. The drone can leave and must return to the truck after visiting one customer, performing flights not exceeding its battery endurance while the truck can serve other customers. The new formulations allow to decrease the number of “big‐M” constraints with respect to literature models and improve previous results by solving to optimality several benchmark instances for which an optimal solution was previously unknown. This paper also shows how to modify the new models to include several variants of the problem from the literature.
Identifying tree characteristics to determine the blocking effects of water conveyance for natural flood management in urban rivers
Authors: Shih Shang‐Shu , Chen Po‐Chih 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPlants, especially trees, provide ecological functions but may harm the flood conveyance efficiency of rivers. Understanding the impacts of tree heights, tree areas, and tree locations on flood levels is crucial for floodplain management. This study aims to present a methodology to improve the performance of hydrodynamic modeling by considering plant resistance with the goal of analyzing flood risk reduction strategies that support ecological conservation enhancement. An unmanned aerial vehicle was used to collect floodplain topography, landcover, and tree characteristic data. A modified maximum likelihood classification scheme was developed by incorporating the tree height information to improve the landcover classification. The water‐blocking effect of trees, which represents the reduced flood conveyance area, was investigated by establishing tree obstructions in hydrodynamic models. Two hydrodynamic models were established with different tree obstruction setups and Manning's n values, including blocked obstructions (BOs) and conventional high n‐values (Adj‐n). Among the model setups, the Manning's n values of the trees remained the same as that of the soil in the BO model, in which trees were modeled as blocking obstructions. The n‐values of trees were determined to be 0.022 in the BO model and refined to 0.055 in the Adj‐n model after the model calibration and verification processes. The results indicated that the simulated flood levels of the BO model were very similar to those of the Adj‐n model. The NSE values were 0.98 and 0.97 in the simulations of two historical typhoon events, indicating that the BO model could obtain reliable predictions without altering the n‐values. The verified BO model was used to evaluate the degrees of influence of tree heights, tree coverage areas, and tree locations on flood levels. Several nature‐based solutions were proposed to analyze the tradeoffs between reducing flood prevention and enhancing wetland restoration using the verified BO model, suggesting a win–win strategy for natural river management.
Catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) polymorphism predicts rapid gait speed changes in healthy older adults
Authors: Sprague Briana N. , Rosso Andrea L. , Zhu Xiaonan , Bohnen Nicolaas I. , Rosano Caterina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractImportanceAdapting one's gait speed to external circumstances is critical for safe ambulation. Dopamine (DA), critical for adapting to increased task demands, predicts usual gait speed and may exert a greater role in complex tasks like rapid gait speed.ObjectiveWe hypothesized that a genotypic proxy indicator of greater prefrontal DA signaling would predict significantly faster rapid gait.DesignLongitudinal cohort study over 8 years.SettingCommunity‐dwelling adults with no baseline mobility disability.ParticipantsN = 2353 participants from the Health ABC Study.MeasurementsRepeated measures of walking speed (meters/sec) were obtained in response to: “walk as fast as possible… (rapid gait) or “walk at your usual pace (usual gait).” Catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) val158met polymorphism indicated DA signaling (val/val = higher metabolism, lower DA signaling; met/met = lower metabolism, higher DA signaling).ResultsParticipants declined in rapid gait from 1.55 (SD = 0.33) to 1.35 m/s (SD = 0.34). Across the full follow‐up period, the met/met genotype was associated with significantly greater rapid gait slowing. In mixed effect models, between‐group differences were independent of covariates, and remained similar after adjustment for sensorimotor function, cognition, depressive symptoms, and energy. Follow‐up analyses indicated the met/met genotype had a significantly faster rapid gait speed compared to the val/val genotype for the first 3 years (p < 0.01) but not years 4–8 (p > 0.05).ConclusionGreater prefrontal DA measured with COMT polymorphism may facilitate short‐term adaptation to rapid walking demands that are lost over time. Studies should examine whether these effects are long‐term and the underlying mechanistic pathways.
Discrepancy in the evaluation of explicit and implicit nutrition care outcomes for patients at risk of malnutrition: A qualitative study
Authors: Al‐Adili Lina , Orrevall Ylva , McGreevy Jenny , Nydahl Margaretha , Boström Anne‐Marie , Lövestam Elin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundNutrition care plays a significant role in the prevention and treatment of malnutrition, although the challenge to establish the precise impact of a nutrition intervention on patient outcomes remains. Malnutrition can be associated with diverse underlying diseases and an increased risk of complications, which increases the difficulty of monitoring and evaluating the nutrition intervention. The aim is to gain an understanding of dietitians' reflections concerning nutrition care outcomes of interventions in patients at risk of malnutrition.MethodsSix semi‐structured audio‐recorded focus group discussions with registered dietitians from primary healthcare and hospitals (n = 29) in Sweden were held at the dietitians' place of work or at the University. Focus group transcripts were analysed thematically to reveal patterns in the data and identify themes and subthemes.ResultsThe dietitians described an approach to nutrition monitoring and evaluation of patients at risk of malnutrition that was categorised into three themes: (i) quantitative explicit outcomes, based on objective measures and described as rigorous; (ii) quantitative estimated outcomes, based on estimates and described as less rigorous and (iii) qualitative implicit outcomes, based on patients' subjective perceptions and experiences of their health and described as difficult to measure.ConclusionsFindings indicate the need for new strategies to promote systematic and comprehensive nutrition monitoring and evaluation.
Genomic signatures of admixture and selection are shared among populations of Zaprionus indianus across the western hemisphere
Authors: Comeault Aaron A. , Kautt Andreas F. , Matute Daniel R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroduced species have become an increasingly common component of biological communities around the world. A central goal in invasion biology is therefore to identify the demographic and evolutionary factors that underlie successful introductions. Here we use whole genome sequences, collected from populations in the native and introduced range of the African fig fly, Zaprionus indianus, to quantify genetic relationships among them, identify potential sources of the introductions, and test for selection at different spatial scales. We find that geographically widespread populations in the western hemisphere are genetically more similar to each other than to lineages sampled across Africa, and that these populations share a mixture of alleles derived from differentiated African lineages. Using patterns of allele‐sharing and demographic modelling we show that Z. indinaus have undergone a single expansion across the western hemisphere with admixture between African lineages predating this expansion. We also find support for selection that is shared across populations in the western hemisphere, and in some cases, with a subset of African populations. This suggests either that parallel selection has acted across a large part of Z. indianus's introduced range; or, more parsimoniously, that Z. indianus has experienced selection early on during (or prior‐to) its expansion into the western hemisphere. We suggest that the range expansion of Z. indianus has been facilitated by admixture and selection, and that management of this invasion could focus on minimizing future admixture by controlling the movement of individuals within this region rather than between the western and eastern hemisphere.
Genomics of altitude‐associated wing shape in two tropical butterflies
Authors: Montejo‐Kovacevich Gabriela , Salazar Patricio A. , Smith Sophie H. , Gavilanes Kimberly , Bacquet Caroline N. , Chan Yingguang Frank , Jiggins Chris D. , Meier Joana I. , Nadeau Nicola J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUnderstanding how organisms adapt to their local environment is central to evolution. With new whole‐genome sequencing technologies and the explosion of data, deciphering the genomic basis of complex traits that are ecologically relevant is becoming increasingly feasible. Here, we studied the genomic basis of wing shape in two Neotropical butterflies that inhabit large geographical ranges. Heliconius butterflies at high elevations have been shown to generally have rounder wings than those in the lowlands. We reared over 1,100 butterflies from 71 broods of H. erato and H. melpomene in common‐garden conditions and showed that wing aspect ratio, that is, elongatedness, is highly heritable in both species and that elevation‐associated wing aspect ratio differences are maintained. Genome‐wide associations with a published data set of 666 whole genomes from across a hybrid zone, uncovered a highly polygenic basis to wing aspect ratio variation in the wild. We identified several genes that have roles in wing morphogenesis or wing aspect ratio variation in Drosophila flies, making them promising candidates for future studies. There was little evidence for molecular parallelism in the two species, with only one shared candidate gene, nor for a role of the four known colour pattern loci, except for optix in H. erato. Thus, we present the first insights into the heritability and genomic basis of within‐species wing aspect ratio in two Heliconius species, adding to a growing body of evidence that polygenic adaptation may underlie many ecologically relevant traits.
Feeling valued versus abandoned: Voices of persons who have completed a cognitive assessment
Authors: Tyrrell Marie , Hedman Ragnhild , Fossum Bjöörn , Skovdahl Kirsti , Religa Dorota , Hillerås Pernilla 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimTo describe older persons’ experiences of a cognitive assessment and possible neuropsychiatric symptoms [NPS] related to a neurocognitive diagnosis.BackgroundA cognitive assessment in primary care is offered to persons with suspected dementia with subsequent referral to a specialist clinic if required. The assessment process, with the likelihood of receiving a dementia diagnosis, is surrounded by uncertainty with long waiting times. Although NPS are common among persons with cognitive impairment persons are not routinely asked about these symptoms during a cognitive assessment.MethodInterviews were held with 18 participants who had completed a cognitive assessment. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory [NPI] was incorporated into one of the interview questions enabling participants to self‐report NPS, if present. Interview data were analysed using Interpretive Description.ResultsTwo main themes were identified: a matter of trust and making sense of a cognitive diagnosis. Experiences of the assessment process ranged from feeling valued to abandoned with variations of trust in the process. A diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment was experienced as an abstract diagnosis devoid of follow‐up support. A lack of preparedness for the assessment existed among participants. Some experienced the process as standardised. One half of participants self‐reported the presence of one to four NPS, regardless of neurocognitive diagnosis. Irritability and depression were most common NPS identified.ConclusionsExperiences of a cognitive assessment varied from feeling valued by society to abandoned in the absence of follow‐up support. The assessment was viewed as a standardised procedure failing to see the person behind the testing. Diagnosis disclosure conversations were experienced as diffuse with participants unprepared for a dementia diagnosis. The NPI enabled participants to identify and report the presence of NPS which otherwise could go undetected during the cognitive assessment, impacting on the person's well‐being and daily life.
Effect of leg lift on stroke volume index in children 11–17 years old before and after induction of general anesthesia
Authors: Stasic Andrew F. , Wolf Bethany J. , Dierdorf Stephen F. , Horn Nicole D. , Vecchione Korey , Egan Brian N. , Acquaviva Michael A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundFluid administration in ERAS is one component which anesthesiologists have control. Change in stroke volume index (SVI) is used to assess fluid responsiveness. This study sought the effect of perioperative fluid responsiveness in pediatric patients. The Cheetah NICOM™ (noninvasive CO monitor) was employed because of correlation with other CO monitors.AimsThe Cheetah NICOM™ is an FDA‐approved device in adults. Its indications in children are unknown. 24 enrolled patients (age 11–17) were ASA 1 or 2 without cardiopulmonary disease. The study examined changes in SVI, HR, SBP, and DBP between the semi‐recumbent and legs lifted positions, both awake and after anesthesia.MethodsEach patient had baseline vital signs measured and fluid responsiveness determined with the Cheetah NICOM™ monitor. Stroke volume index (SVI) was measured in both the semi‐recumbent position and after passive leg lift. Measurements were repeated immediately after induction of general anesthesia. Twenty‐one of 24 patients received inhalation induction with sevoflurane and three patients received intravenous propofol followed by sevoflurane. Airway management included intubation in 19 of 24 and a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) in five of 24 patients.ResultsThere was a 25% increase in SVI after leg lift from 54.8 ml/m2 to 68.0 ml/m2 in awake patients (p &lt; 0.001). Diastolic pressure decreased by 15.4% from 67.9 mm Hg to 58.2 mm Hg from semi‐recumbent position and leg lift, respectively (p = .004). No significant change in heart rate or SBP was found. Following induction, patient SVI increased with leg lift by 25.6% from 42.6 ml/m2 to 53.5 ml/m2 after leg lift (p = .003). Heart rate decreased by 9.3% and SBP increased 2.8% with leg lift.Conclusions96% of normal 11–17‐year‐old children were fluid responsive while awake and 79% after induction of general anesthesia.
Effect of intravenous low‐dose S‐ketamine on pain in patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Mangnus Thomas J. P. , Dirckx Maaike , Bharwani Krishna D. , de Vos Cecile C. , Frankema Sander P. G. , Stronks Dirk L. , Huygen Frank J. P. M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a low‐dose intravenous S‐ketamine treatment on refractory pain in patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS).MethodsIn this retrospective study, patients with CRPS who received intravenous S‐ketamine from March 2010 to April 2019 were included. According to our inpatient protocol, S‐ketamine dose was increased until pain reduction was achieved or side effects were observed. Maximum dose was 14 mg/h and treatment duration was 7 days. Primary outcome parameters were pain scores (Numeric Rating Scale) at baseline (T0), end of infusion (T1), and approximately 4 weeks postinfusion (T2). Patients were categorized as responder/nonresponder at T1 and T2. Patients were considered a responder in case there was pain score reduction of greater than or equal to 2 points or if treatment was reported as successful.ResultsForty‐eight patients were included. Mean disease duration was 5 years (interquartile range [IQR] = 6 years). Median pain score significantly decreased from 8 (IQR = 2) at T0 to 6 (IQR = 4) at T1 (p < 0.001). At T1, 62% of the patients were responders. At T2, 48% of the patients remained a responder. A significant proportion of the responders at T1 turned into nonresponders at T2 (p = 0.03).ConclusionIn a group of patients with CRPS with refractory pain, low‐dose intravenous S‐ketamine treatment resulted in effective pain relief during infusion. Although a significant proportion of initial responders became nonresponders at follow‐up, half of the patients were still a responder at ~ 4 weeks postinfusion. Further research is needed to investigate mechanisms responsible for pain relief by S‐ketamine infusions and to ascertain possible predictors of response to the treatment.
Prevalence and self‐report of bullying after in‐class police orientation talk
Authors: Zafra Jose A. , Bonilla‐Carrasco Maria I. , Carreiro‐Alonso Miguel A. , González‐de Paz Luis 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe assessed the prevalence of bullying and cyberbullying in 12–16‐year‐olds and the association with student self‐reports after a police informative talk.DesignWe used a survey to assess the impact of the intervention: 1458 high school students received a police informative talk during the 2018–2019 school year and completed the self‐administered EBIP‐Q and ECI‐Q questionnaires. Perceptions of conduct and bystanders' attitudes were assessed. Correspondence indexes were calculated using Cohen's kappa and gender differences studied using logistic regression.Results81.34% (95% CI: 79.33–83.34) of students were involved in bullying and 54.75% (95% CI: 52.19–56.76) in cyberbullying. Almost 90% of participants did not perceive their real bullying correctly. Girls were more frequently victims of bullying and cyberbullying (OR = 1.67 and OR = 1.22, p = .004), but more frequently self‐reported being bullies or victim/bully (OR = 0.57 and 0.39, p < .05). Male bystanders reported 7.33% (p < .001) more feelings of inadequacy than girls when witnessing bullying.ConclusionPoor self‐reporting reflects poor understanding of bullying and cyber‐bullying. Police information sessions might produce the opposite reactions in adolescents, as they reduce bullying to visible, harmful violence. Educators should focus on adolescent relationships rather than violence prevention. A friendly, male‐targeted approach is needed.
Medication errors in homecare setting: An Italian validation study
Authors: Dionisi Sara , Giannetta Noemi , Maselli Nicoletta , Di Muzio Marco , Di Simone Emanuele 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveMedication errors are a concern in overall the world. Although there are studies that investigate what may be the main causes that lead to the genesis of the medication error in the home care setting, there is no tool that correlates knowledge, attitudes, and behavior to medication errors in the context of home care. This study aimed to psychometrically test to the questionnaire on knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors in the administration of medication in the new setting: home care setting.DesignThis observational study was reported according to the STROBE checklist.SampleSixty two nurses working in home care setting responded to the online survey.MeasurementThe face and content validity of the items generated was assessed. An Exploratory Factorial Analysis descriptive statistical analysis was conducted. The final questionnaire is composed of 20 items.ResultsThe results of the statistical analyses allowed to validate the questionnaire, ensuring good internal consistency and reliability. Most of the sample pointed out that the use of electronic health record, medication reconciliation and the pharmacist's figure are all useful strategies for reducing the risk of medication errors.ConclusionThe questionnaire is reliable to measure knowledge, attitude, and behavior about medication errors prevention in home care settings.
Composition as Identity and the Innocence of Mereology
Authors: Loss Roberto 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAccording to the thesis known as ‘Composition as Identity’ (‘CAI’), every entity is identical to the parts it fuses. Many authors in the literature acknowledge that, in spite of its controversial character, one attractive virtue of CAI is its apparent ability to give a straightforward account of the innocence of mereology. In this paper I will present a simple argument according to which CAI entails that no composite entity can be said to be ontologically innocent in the relevant sense. After having shown that said argument is independent from the problems surrounding the infamous ‘Collapse Principle’, I will conclude that CAI‐theorists should endorse a suitably ‘restricted’ version of CAI. In the final part of the paper I will then argue that the best restricted version of CAI is the theory according to which every composite entity is identical to the plurality of its atomic parts.
Reward facilitates response conflict resolution via global motor inhibition: Electromyography evidence
Authors: Wang Lihui , Luo Xiaoxiao , Yuan Ti‐Fei , Zhou Xiaolin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIt is crucial for humans to coordinate between behavioural tendencies that can lead to reward but are in conflict with each other. This response conflict can be measured in a reward‐modulated Simon task, in which a discriminative response to the identity of a lateral target is required and the target is associated with either high‐ or low‐reward. Critically, the lateral target is presented either congruent or incongruent with the location of the responding hand. It has been shown that relative to the low‐reward target, the high‐reward target induced a larger response conflict when the target was incongruent with the position of the task‐required, reward‐obtaining hand. Here we investigated how this response conflict is resolved by acquiring 24 healthy participants’ electromyography (EMG) signals from both the task‐required responding hand (i.e., goal‐directed effector) and the alternative hand (i.e., inappropriate effector). During the coping with the response conflict, motor inhibition (indexed by reduction in EMG signals between conditions) was observed not only at the inappropriate effector but also at the goal‐directed effector. Individuals who showed stronger inhibition on the inappropriate effector suffered less from the inhibition on the goal‐directed effector, and had more efficient implementation of the reward‐obtaining response. Our findings suggest a global motor inhibition that may function to increase the signal‐noise ratio in the motor system so as to implement reward‐guided behavior.