bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing ground‐based and aerial data at field scale during dry down on golf course fairways
Authors: Friell Joshua , Straw Chase 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSpatiotemporal data and analyses are gaining traction in the turfgrass industry as valuable tools to enable data‐driven management practices, but to date there has been minimal research in practical settings. The objective of this work was to quantify relationships between soil volumetric water content (VWC), proximal normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and several aerial measurements (visible, NDVI, and thermal infrared) collected in a real‐world application at field scale during a dry down. Data collection surveys were conducted in 2020 the morning of 25 Feb, afternoon of 25 Feb, and morning of 27 February on three golf course fairways in CA, USA. The first survey was initiated following an irrigation event, and then no additional irrigation or rainfall occurred prior to the second and third surveys. Ground‐based data were collected using the Precision Sense 6000™ (The Toro Company, Bloomington, MN) and aerial data were collected using an unmanned aerial vehicle (GreenSight Inc., Boston, MA). Data were appropriately georeferenced and analyzed to determine correlation between VWC and proximal NDVI, proximal and aerial NDVI, and VWC and aerial measurements. A significant, weak correlation (r = –0.21, p < .05) was found between VWC and proximal NDVI measurements, but only for the first survey immediately following the irrigation event. Significant, moderate to strong correlations were found between proximal and aerial NDVI during all three surveys (r = 0.63, p < .001; r = 0.64, p < .001; r = 0.85, p < .001), respectively]. Volumetric water content was significantly correlated with aerial NDVI measurements (r = –0.26, p < .001) but the relationship was weak and only existed for the first survey following the irrigation event. This study demonstrates the complexity of scaling remote sensing technologies from small plots to real‐world applications and identifies several barriers to providing quantitatively predictive and actionable data to turfgrass managers.
Low‐input golf course putting green performance of fine‐textured inter‐ and intra‐specific zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.)
Authors: Meeks Meghyn , Kong Siew Teck , Genovesi A. Dennis , Smith Brian , Chandra Ambika 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThirty fine‐textured inter‐ and intra‐specific zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.) hybrids and eight Z. pacifica (Goudsw.) M. Hotta & S. Kuroki genotypes were tested in comparison to Z. matrella (L.) Merr. cultivars, ‘Diamond’ and ‘L1F’, for their performance under low‐input golf course putting green management practices from 2014 to 2018 in Dallas, TX. Turfgrass quality, shoot density, genetic color, fall color, spring greenup, and winter survival were visually rated on a 1 to 9 scale (9 = high quality, dark green, very dense, and complete greenup). Seedheads were rated in spring, summer, and fall as a percentage of plot cover. Thirteen elite hybrids from seven different pedigrees were selected, and ball roll distance was measured 8 times between 15 August and 14 September in 2017. Clear statistical differences were not observed among pedigrees for most traits except seedhead production under the low‐input management conditions. However, strong genotype differences were evident. The results suggest under‐utilized species could be exploited by plant breeders to use as parental lines and develop hybrids with desirable traits such as finer leaf texture, low seedhead production, fall color retention and early spring green up. One Z. minima (Colenso) Zotov × Z. matrella hybrid and one (Z. minima × Z. matrella) × Z. japonica Steud. hybrid have been advanced to the 2019 National Warm‐Season Putting Green Trial conducted by the National Turfgrass Evaluation Progra (NTEP) for multi‐location and multi‐year performance testing.
Design of two natural deproteinized bovine bone scaffolds and evaluation of the effect of initial cell seeding density on repairing bone defects
Authors: Chen Peng , Xie Jie , Zhu Jianxi , Hu Yihe 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEngineering functional bone using combinations of cells, scaffolds, and bioactive factors is a promising strategy for the bone‐tissue regeneration, while challenge remains. Chemical methods deproteinizing natural bovine cancellous bone to remove immunogenic are poorly understood, and the cell seeding density to promote bone formation still needs to be clarified. In this study, 8.0 × 8.0 × 2.0 mm bovine cancellous bones were either treated with H2O2 for 8 hr or pepsin for 24 hr and then inoculated with MC3T3‐E1 osteoblasts with two cell densities (1 × 106 cells/ml or 4 × 106 cells/ml)separately. We compared the appearance of the bones treated by the two chemical deproteinizing methods, as well as the proliferation ability of the inoculating cell density at 1 × 106 cells/ml. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy was done to analyze the growth of cells on the surface of the material, and an alkaline phosphatase assay was performed to assess osteogenic differentiation. We showed that both treated bones treatments are biocompatible, but bones treated with H2O2 were more conducive to osteoblast differentiation and ALP secretion, especially when seeded at the higher cell density at 4 × 106 cells/ml. We concluded that chemical deproteinized bovine cancellous bones met the basic bone graft material requirements. Cell seeding density is an important factor to promote the material's osteogenic ability, with H2O2‐deproteinized bones exhibiting enhanced osteoblast differentiation.
Functional assessment of the genetic findings indicating mucopolysaccharidosis type II in the prenatal setting
Authors: Fuller Maria , Ketteridge David 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) is a multi‐systemic disorder arising due to pathogenic variants in the gene located on chromosome Xq28 encoding the lysosomal enzyme, iduronate 2‐sulfatase (IDS). The broad clinical heterogeneity of MPS II can be partly ascribed to the high level of molecular diversity in the gene locus with the majority of variants localised within one family. Here, we describe a case of fetal hepatomegaly that was causatively investigated for 151 genes associated with fetal hydrops and lysosomal diseases. Sequence analysis identified a novel hemizygous variant, pAsp532Gly, in exon 9 of the IDS gene. Determination of IDS activity in cultured amniotic fluid cells returned 8% of normal activity and analysis of a second sulfatase was normal, the latter virtually excluding multiple sulfatase deficiency. Together, these data supported a diagnosis of MPS II in the fetus. Additional measurement of a signature disaccharide in the amniotic fluid was normal, conflicting with enzymology indications. The baby was unremarkable at birth and 3 years later shows no clinical suspicion of MPS II, normal urinary disaccharide concentrations, and reduced IDS activity in leukocytes. His 5‐year‐old brother was subsequently shown to carry the same pAsp532Gly variant, with normal urinary disaccharide concentrations, reduced leukocyte IDS activity and normal phenotype. This case highlights the importance of thorough biochemical investigations, clinical and family correlation in determining the significance of genetic variants in IDS.
Enriching neural stem cell and anti‐inflammatory glial phenotypes with electrical stimulation after traumatic brain injury in male rats
Authors: Park Eunyoung , Lyon Johnathan G. , Alvarado‐Velez Melissa , Betancur Martha I. , Mokarram Nassir , Shin Jennifer H. , Bellamkonda Ravi V. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) by an external physical impact results in compromised brain function via undesired neuronal death. Following the injury, resident and peripheral immune cells, astrocytes, and neural stem cells (NSCs) cooperatively contribute to the recovery of the neuronal function after TBI. However, excessive pro‐inflammatory responses of immune cells, and the disappearance of endogenous NSCs at the injury site during the acute phase of TBI, can exacerbate TBI progression leading to incomplete healing. Therefore, positive outcomes may depend on early interventions to control the injury‐associated cellular milieu in the early phase of injury. Here, we explore electrical stimulation (ES) of the injury site in a rodent model (male Sprague–Dawley rats) to investigate its overall effect on the constituent brain cell phenotype and composition during the acute phase of TBI. Our data showed that a brief ES for 1 hr on day 2 of TBI promoted anti‐inflammatory phenotypes of microglia as assessed by CD206 expression and increased the population of NSCs and Nestin+ astrocytes at 7 days post‐TBI. Also, ES effectively increased the number of viable neurons when compared to the unstimulated control group. Given the salience of microglia and neural stem cells for healing after TBI, our results strongly support the potential benefit of the therapeutic use of ES during the acute phase of TBI to regulate neuroinflammation and to enhance neuroregeneration.
FundAl Retroflexion (FAR) Angle is a Novel Sonographic Marker Associated With Cesarean Scar Pregnancies in the First Trimester
Authors: Zhang‐Rutledge Kathy , Pinson Kelsey , Perez Mishella , Adami Rebecca R , Melber Dora , Jacobs Marni , Parast Mana , Lamale‐Smith Leah , Averbach Sarah , Hahn Michael , Pretorius Dolores , Ballas Jerasimos 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesEarly diagnosis of Cesarean scar pregnancies (CSP) remains difficult. This study describes a novel sonographic marker, the FundAl Retroflexion (FAR) angle, that may be used in the first trimester. The objective of the study is to compare the FAR angle between CSP and normal pregnancies.MethodsFor this case–control study, we reviewed images from our institution's database that were acquired from January 2016 to December 2019. All cases of CSP and randomly selected controls, defined as patients with history of Cesarean delivery and normal implantation, that underwent ultrasound evaluation at <14 weeks were included. The FAR angle, defined as the acute angle created between the endometrial echo and cervical canal, was measured. The mean FAR angle was then compared between the two groups and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was generated.ResultsWe identified 15 cases of CSP during the study period and were able to measure the FAR angle in 14 of the cases. The mean FAR angle was larger in CSP than in normal control pregnancies (45° versus 27°, respectively, P < 0.001). Using an ROC curve, a FAR angle cut off of 40° maximizes the ability to distinguish between CSP from normal pregnancies.ConclusionsThe FAR angle provides an easily obtainable and numerical measurement. CSP have larger FAR angle compared to normal controls with a distinguishing cut off of 40°. Larger studies are needed to determine if using the FAR angle can improve first trimester diagnosis for CSP.
Treatment of head and neck carcinoma of unknown primary: Cracking a nut with a sledgehammer?
Authors: Berzenji Diako , Monserez Dominiek A. , Verduijn Gerda M. , Dronkers Emilie A.C. , Jansen Peter P. , Keereweer Stijn , Sewnaik Aniel , Baatenburg de Jong Robert J. , Hardillo Jose A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the impact on survival and late radiation toxicity of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary who were treated with ipsilateral neck dissection and ipsilateral postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) and patients treated with ipsilateral neck dissection and PORT to both sides of the neck plus the pharyngeal axis.MethodsRetrospective cohort study performed at the Erasmus University Medical Center in which 78 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary were identified. Thirty‐nine patients received PORT to both sides of the neck plus the pharyngeal axis (BILAX) and another 39 patients were irradiated on the ipsilateral neck (IPSI) only. The endpoints of the present study were 3‐year overall survival (OS), 3‐year disease‐free survival (DFS), and overall late radiation toxicity.ResultsThe 3‐year OS rate of the entire group of 78 patients was 74.2% and the 3‐year DFS rate was 72.7%. The 3‐year OS rates for the IPSI and the BILAX groups were 74.4% and 74.1%, respectively (P = .654). The most common late radiation toxicity experienced was xerostomia (64.8%), which was significantly more often seen in the BILAX group than in the IPSI group (83.8% and 44.1%, respectively, P = .001). Overall late radiation toxicity was significantly higher in the BILAX group (P = .003).ConclusionThere was no significant difference in OS and DFS rates between the IPSI and the BILAX group. Late radiation toxicity was significantly higher in the BILAX group.Level of EvidenceLevel 2b: Individual retrospective cohort study.
Resources and Practices to Improve Diatom Data Quality
Authors: Alers‐García Janice , Lee Sylvia S. , Spaulding Sarah A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEnvironmental programs in the United States face technical challenges that inhibit the ability to use diatoms in water quality monitoring and assessment projects. Specifically, inconsistent taxonomy can obscure diatom responses to environmental variables. Problems are the result of (1) limited access to a common set of taxonomic references, especially those that are geographically relevant, (2) inefficient enumeration protocols, (3) lack of complete and transparent documentation of taxa, and (4) limited opportunities for continued education, training, and knowledge sharing. However, robust resources and practices are available to improve diatom data quality and interpretation. Several resources improve diatom data quality, including a publicly accessible taxonomic reference (diatoms.org) and recommended practices. These practices include adoption of the voucher floras, random sample assignment, replicate microscope slides, and improved quality control. Finally, the Society for Freshwater Science Diatom Taxonomic Certification Committee is developing educational materials and certification exams to support practitioner training and to increase the diatom research knowledge base. The resources and practices in this article are broadly applicable to improving basic and applied research on diatoms worldwide.
Heterogeneous synthesis of tetrahydroquinoline derivatives via cascade Povarov reaction catalyzed by sulfonic acid functionalized metal‐organic frameworks
Authors: Liu Mingjie , Chen Xiaoling , Zhou Kai , Chen Jingwen , Bao Zongbi , Yang Qiwei , Ren Qilong , Zhang Zhiguo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe report a facile synthesis of tetrahydroquinoline derivatives via heterogeneous cascade Povarov reaction catalyzed by sulfonic acid functionalized metal‐organic frameworks (MIL‒101(Cr)‒SO3H). The porous MIL‒101(Cr)‒SO3H demonstrates superior catalytic activities and stabilities for this reaction in comparison either to homogeneous sulfonic acids or heterogeneous sulfonic acid resins. Experimental investigations reveal that the high catalytic performance is attributed to the cooperative action of dual Lewis‐ and Brønsted acid sites within the pores of MIL‒101(Cr)‒SO3H. In addition, this reaction proceeds smoothly at room temperature with a broad substrate scope, which provides an alternative approach in the construction of tetrahydroquinoline skeletons.
Implicit and explicit discrete‐time realizations of homogeneous differentiators
Authors: Carvajal‐Rubio Jose Eduardo , Sánchez‐Torres Juan Diego , Defoort Michael , Djemai Mohamed , Loukianov Alexander G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article presents explicit and implicit discrete‐time realizations for a class of homogeneous sliding mode‐based differentiators. The proposed approach relies on the method of exact discretization for linear systems with a zero‐order holder. The two discrete‐time schemes present the homogeneity property and, after a finite time, the accuracy of its continuous‐time counterpart, even in the presence of bounded noise. In comparison to the explicit realization, which makes it possible to determine the state of the system later from the state at present, for this case, the implicit method requires finding a solution by solving generalized equations that involve the current state of the system and two support variables. Therefore, this document proves that the polynomial's unique positive root defines the required solution as part of the main results. Hence, it is possible to introduce a non‐anticipative method to implement the implicit discrete‐time realization, including an appropriate root‐finding method for the polynomial. Finally, the simulation results include comparisons between the proposed implicit and explicit discrete methods with other existing schemes. Numerical studies clearly show that the implicit method supersedes the explicit one, consistent with the implicit and explicit time discretization of other continuous‐time algorithms.
Highly Efficient Synthesis of N‐Alkyl‐α‐amino Acid Methyl Esters by Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Ghaffari Saeedeh , Kazemi Foad 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this report at first we prepared N‐nosyl‐α‐amino acid methyl esters from α‐amino acids in a simple method, with short reaction times and good yields. Then, N‐nosyl‐α‐amino acid methyl esters were N‐alkylated using alkyl tosylates under microwave irradiation to produce N‐alkyl‐N‐nosyl‐α‐amino acid methyl esters in convenient times and with good yields. At the end, efficient and convenient deprotection of o‐nitrobenzenesulfonyl group with use of HSCH2CH2OH/K2CO3 was done to produced N‐alkyl‐α‐amino acid methyl esters.
Riveting Hydroxyl Ionic Liquids onto Melem Oligomers for CO2 Cycloaddition into Cyclic Carbonates
Authors: Ding Hui , He Yuting , Ding Jing , Wan Hui , Guan Guofeng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe product of cyclic carbonates from carbon dioxide (CO2) and epoxides under solvent‐free and co‐catalyst‐free conditions is an environmental‐friendly and economical route. However, the core of this route lies in the design and preparation of efficient and low‐cost catalysts. In this work, hydroxyl ionic liquids (HEIMBr) modified melem oligomers (CN‐HEIMBr) was fabricated and used for the cycloaddition of CO2 into cyclic carbonates. The characterizations for these catalysts, such as XPS, TGA, SEM, FT‐IR, etc, all confirmed that HEIMBr was successfully grafted onto melem oligomers. The synergistic effects of edge defects (−NH and −NH2) of melem oligomers, hydroxyl groups and halogen anions of ionic liquids were conductive to promoting CO2 cycloaddition. The influences of CO2 pressure, catalyst dosage, reaction time and temperature on the conversion and yield were investigated in detailed. In the conditions of co‐catalyst‐free and solvent‐free, the conversion of epichlorohydrin (ECH) was 99 % and the yield of chloropronene carbonate (CPC) was 97 % under optimal conditions (140 °C, 2.0 MPa, 2 h, catalyst 0.1 g, ECH 30 mmol). Moreover, the catalyst was reused at least five runs without any significantly loss of catalytic performance. Furthermore, a credible multi‐synergetic catalytic mechanism was proposed. An originality idea was provided for designing high‐efficiency catalysts for coupling of CO2 and epoxides, and put forward the multi‐synergistic effects of catalysts on CO2 conversion.
Nanovaccine‐Based Strategies to Overcome Challenges in the Whole Vaccination Cascade for Tumor Immunotherapy
Authors: Qin Lin , Zhang Huilin , Zhou Yang , Umeshappa Channakeshava Sokke , Gao Huile 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNanovaccine‐based immunotherapy (NBI) has received greater attention recently for its potential to prime tumor‐specific immunity and establish a long‐term immune memory that prevents tumor recurrence. Despite encouraging results in the recent studies, there are still numerous challenges to be tackled for eliciting potent antitumor immunity using NBI strategies. Based on the principles that govern immune response, here it is proposed that these challenges need to be addressed at the five critical cascading events: Loading tumor‐specific antigens by nanoscale drug delivery systems (L); Draining tumor antigens to lymph nodes (D); Internalization by dendritic cells (DCs) (I); Maturation of DCs by costimulatory signaling (M); and Presenting tumor‐peptide‐major histocompatibility complexes to T cells (P) (LDIMP cascade in short). This review provides a detailed and objective overview of emerging NBI strategies to improve the efficacy of nanovaccines in each step of the LDIMP cascade. It is concluded that the balance between each step must be optimized by delicate designing and modification of nanovaccines and by combining with complementary approaches to provide a synergistic immunity in the fight against cancer.
Superhydrophilic Ni‐based Multicomponent Nanorod‐Confined‐Nanoflake Array Electrode Achieves Waste‐Battery‐Driven Hydrogen Evolution and Hydrazine Oxidation
Authors: Li Yapeng , Li Jianming , Qian Qizhu , Jin Xu , Liu Yi , Li Ziyun , Zhu Yin , Guo Yiming , Zhang Genqiang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe low thermodynamic potential (−0.33 V) and safe by‐product of N2/H2O, make utilizing hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) to replace thermodynamically‐unfavorable and kinetically‐sluggish oxygen evolution reaction a promising tactic for energy‐efficient hydrogen production. However, the complexity of bifunctionality increases difficulties for effective material design, thus hindering the large‐scale hydrogen generation. Herein, we present the rationally designed synthesis of superhydrophilic Ni‐based multicomponent arrays (Ni NCNAs) composed of 1D nanorod‐confined‐nanoflakes (2D), which only needs −26 mV of working potential and 47 mV of overpotential to reach 10 mA cm−2 for HzOR and HER, respectively. Impressively, this Ni NCNA electrode exhibits the top‐level bifunctional activity for overall hydrazine splitting (OHzS) with an ultralow voltage of 23 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a record‐high current density of 892 mA cm−2 at just 0.485 V, also achieves the high‐speed hydrogen yield driven by a waste AAA battery for OHzS.
The effects of gene × environment interactions on silver nanoparticle toxicity in the respiratory system: An adverse outcome pathway
Authors: Nicholas Tyler P. , Boyes William K. , Scoville David K. , Workman Tomomi W. , Kavanagh Terrance J. , Altemeier William A. , Faustman Elaine M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework is serving as a basis to integrate new data streams in order to enhance the power of predictive toxicology. AOP development for engineered nanomaterials (ENM), including silver nanoparticles (AgNP), is currently lagging behind other chemicals of regulatory interest due to our limited understanding of the mechanism by which underlying genetics or diseases directly modify host response to AgNP exposures. This also highlights the importance of considering the Aggregate Exposure Pathway (AEP) framework, which precedes the AOP framework and outlines source to target site exposure. The AEP and AOP frameworks interface at the target site, where a molecular initiating event (MIE) occurs and is followed by key events (KE) for adverse cellular and organ responses along a biological pathway and ends with the adverse organism response. The primary goal of this study is to use AgNP to interrogate the AEP‐AOP framework by organizing and integrating in vitro dose–response data and in vivo exposure‐response data from previous studies to evaluate the effects of interactions between host genetic and acquired factors, or gene × environment interactions (G × E), on AgNP toxicity in the respiratory system. Using this framework will help us to identify plausible key event relationships (KER) between MIE and adverse organism responses when KE are not measured using the same assay in order to derive future predictive models, guide research, and support development of tools for making risk‐based, regulatory decisions on ENM.This article is categorized under:
Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials
Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Regulatory and Policy Issues in Nanomedicine