bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the joint use of GPR and ERT on mapping shallow subsurface features of karst critical zone in southwest China
Authors: Tao Min , Chen Xi , Cheng Qinbo , Binley Andrew 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe soils and underlying weathered carbonate rock in karstic regions play an important role in the infiltration, storage, and retention of water and nutrients. Because of significant heterogeneity of the karst, the use of individual geophysical techniques is often not sufficient for unambiguous assessment of the irregular distributions of soils and underlying fractures. In this study, ground penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) are jointly used with additional observations to delineate the shallow subsurface structure in two exposed profiles. The results show that ERT is effective for detecting the soil–rock interfaces, even for irregular terrain and fracture structures, such as a funnel‐shaped doline, as the soils and rocks show a large resistivity contrast. Although ERT may be able to sense the presence of extensive fracturing, it cannot detect individual small aperture fractures. Joint use of different frequencies of the GPR antenna (e.g., 100 and 500 MHz in this study) allowed the detection of most fractures at different depths in the study sites. However, forward modeling of typical weathered rock features illustrates that the GPR data cannot resolve any reflection signals of the vertical fractures, so the features of vertically enlarged fractures filled by soils cannot be seen from the GPR images. Moreover, large uncertainties of resistivity at the interface between soils or fractures and bedrock limit the identification of an irregularly distributed subsurface structure. Despite the limitations of individual techniques, the combination of ERT and GPR enhances the delineation of the soil–bedrock interface and identification of the fracture network, which can allow an enhanced geological interpretation of shallow subsurface features in the karst areas.
The Redundant Researcher: Fieldwork, Solidarity, and Migration
Authors: Galis Vasilis 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis chapter poses questions about research on a phenomenon that is polluted by politics, personal tragedies, ideological loyalties, and hazards for the subject of research. Is it possible to conduct research that contributes to freedom of movement, while reflecting on the emotions and political loyalties of the researcher? The chapter suggests four concrete principles for an emancipatory migration research paradigm and considers reflections, emotions, and narrations during and after the conduct of fieldwork at the Greek islands of Lesvos and Chios in the winter of 2019. This is also a call for future publications from researchers who have faced similar emotions, and dead ends in the field, and wish to engage in research compatible with solidarity with migrants.
Emotional Introspection: The Politics and Challenges of Contemporary Migration Research
Authors: Sørensen Ninna Nyberg 
Published: November 2021

AbstractField-based research increasingly involves working in complex, sometimes insecure, and often emotionally challenging situations. While most researchers are trained in issues pertaining to security, ethics, and responsibility, less preparation goes into the emotional aspects of conducting fieldwork and, upon return, dealing with the retrospective processing of often hard real-life experiences in our analysis and writing. Based on long-term observation and more recent systematic interviews with colleagues who all have worked in emotionally challenging situations, this chapter discusses the particularities of doing migration research in times of stricter migration policy and practice. Special emphasis is put on the institutional cultures and structures surrounding our research, the implications of emotions in the field, and the unequal relationship between the people being studied and the local co-researchers with a view to what can be doneprior to,duringandaftergoing to the field to maintain both security and emotional engagement, to “do no harm”, and to avoid occupational hazards of burnout, compassion fatigue or secondary traumatic stress among those involved.
Introduction
Authors: DeJaeghere Joan , Murphy-Graham Erin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of how life skills are conceptualized and taken up in curriculum, teaching, and measurement in different educational settings around the world, as discussed in the chapters in this book. We focus on life skills programming in low- and middle-income countries because bilateral and multilateral aid organizations have significantly shaped discourse and programming in life skills education. We intentionally included studies utilizing a variety of research methodologies, which allow for a deep understanding of both the micro level (curriculum, pedagogy, and youth engagement and outcomes) and macro level (organizational processes and assumptions) in life skills programming and policy. Chapters in the book highlight a disconnect between the dominant individualistic behavioral approach used by many organizations and programs and the life skills that youth and local communities emphasize as important to change social and economic problems. To respond to this disconnect, this chapter provides an overview of a capabilities approach to life skills, with the purpose of focusing on wellbeing. We suggest that life skills education should develop the capabilities that societies and individuals have reason to value.
Life Skills Education in Ethiopia: Afar Pastoralists’ Perspectives
Authors: Yitbarek Sileshi , Wogasso Yohannes , Meagher Margaret , Strickland Lucy 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPastoralists constitute a large proportion of the population of Ethiopia, representing an estimated 14–18% of the population (MoE, A standard and manual for upgrading Alternative Basic Education (ABE) Centers, Level 1–4 to Level 1–6. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2018a). The provision of formal education through a school-based delivery model has failed to deliver the desired outcomes for Afar children and youth in terms of inclusion and participation, and quality of and relevance of education in support of building pastoralists’ skills for life and thriving. Formal education for pastoralists should be concerned with curricular relevance as experienced from the perspective of the pastoralists’ daily reality and extant knowledge that is well-adapted to environmental conditions and emphasizes collective community wellbeing (Krätli & Dyer, Mobile pastoralists and education: strategic options. International Institute for Environment and Development, 2009). This chapter explores the ways in which the current curriculum in the Afar region addresses Krätli and Dyer’s (Mobile pastoralists and education: strategic options. International Institute for Environment and Development, 2009) four dimensions of curricula necessary for pastoralist education to be considered relevant. It also explores key stakeholders’ perspectives about which life skills matter most to the Afar pastoralist community and the extent to which the current curriculum reflects and incorporates these skills. This chapter offers a new perspective on how to reconceptualize and teach these skills through the education system, highlighting recommended adaptations to the curriculum aligned with national and international development goals and notions of quality and relevance. These adaptations respond to the knowledge, attitudes, values, skills, mobility patterns, and calendars grounded in pastoralist populations’ values to maintain a complex and sustainable equilibrium among pastures, livestock, and people.
Social and Emotional Learning: From Conceptualization to Practical Application in a Global Context
Authors: Brush Katharine E. , Jones Stephanie M. , Bailey Rebecca , Nelson Bryan , Raisch Natasha , Meland Emily 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSocial and emotional learning (SEL) is an effective way to promote positive learning, health, and wellbeing outcomes among children and youth, but the field lacks consensus about which skills and competencies are most important, what they should be called, and how they should be promoted and measured across diverse global contexts. SEL is also referred to by many names, often overlapping with life skills education (LSE) and other initiatives to improve learning, health, and developmental outcomes for children and youth. This chapter begins by describing SEL and its relationship to LSE and the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals. It then showcases where clarity and cohesion do or do not exist within the field of SEL by exploring how SEL is conceptualized, measured, and promoted in different settings around the world. We draw on data collected over a series of research projects in which we applied a common coding system to SEL frameworks, programs, and measurement/assessment tools in order to identify areas of overlap and divergence between them. The chapter summarizes key findings from these projects while highlighting the need for deeper contextualization and localized research and development and concludes by discussing implications for research and practice.
Empowering Girls Through Sport: A Gender Transformative Approach to Life Skills?
Authors: Kwauk Christina Ting 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFrom the Pacific Islands to Sub-Saharan Africa, development organizations have positioned sport as an ideal tool for building important life skills that can be transferred from the playing field to day-to-day realities. Sport has also been positioned as a key space for girls’ empowerment, especially in contexts where gender norms limit girls’ mobility and/or their opportunities to engage in activities stereotyped as being for boys. But an approach that solely focuses on empowering girls through sport by depositing in her useful life skills ignores the structural conditions that have disempowered her in the first place. This chapter examines the gender transformative potential of sport-based life skills programs by exploring the skills that are being targeted, especially for girls’ empowerment, by the sport for development (SFD) community. The chapter then examines the implications for our understanding of life skills approaches to gender transformative social change, particularly as it pertains to addressing the conditions that have held girls back.
Life Skills Education for Urban Youth in Honduras and Guatemala: A Capability Analysis of the Sports-Based Job Training Program A Ganar
Authors: Murphy-Graham Erin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDrawing upon an extensive case study of a sports-based, life skills job training program for at-risk youth in Honduras and Guatemala, this chapter examines how program participants described the process of building skills, and how, if at all, this skill-building led to greater well-being. Second, it asks, to what extent are these experiences of program participants aligned with theories of education within the capability approach? These questions are addressed through a qualitative case study that was embedded within an experimental design (a randomized control trial) that took place over 5 years in urban areas of Honduras and Guatemala. The analysis suggests that the combination of exposure to new ideas and information in the three phases of the A Ganar program, coupled with concrete opportunities to test out such ideas, enabled youth to experience changes in their attitudes and behaviors around work, around themselves, and to develop new relationships and friendships. Based on these empirical results, the chapter identifies several elements that might better inform life skills education research and practice in s in the future. These include: (1) conceptualizing life skills as preconditions of capabilities (some of which might be better classified as values); (2) conceptualizing life skills as both ends and means of interventions, and (3) giving more consideration to the conversion factors, meaning the ability to convert resources into functionings, that limit the robustness of capabilities that life skills programs develop.
Explorative Experiments and Digital Humanism: Adding an Epistemic Dimension to the Ethical Debate
Authors: Schiaffonati Viola 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe rise of Digital Humanism calls for shaping digital technologies in accordance with human values and needs. I argue that to achieve this goal, an epistemic and methodological dimension should be added to the ethical reflections developed in the last years. In particular, I propose the framework of explorative experimentation in computer science and engineering to set an agenda for the reflection on the ethical issues of digital technologies that seriously considers their peculiarities from an epistemic point of view. As the traditional epistemic categories of the natural sciences cannot be directly adopted by computer science and engineering, the traditional moral principles guiding experimentation in the natural sciences should be reconsidered in the case of digital technologies where uncertainty about their impacts and risks is very high.
Social Robots: Their History and What They Can Do for Us
Authors: Thalmann Nadia Magnenat 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFrom antiquity to today, some scientists, writers, and artists are passionate about representing humans not only as beautiful statues but as automatons that can perform actions. Already in ancient Greece, we can find some examples of automatons that replaced servants. In this chapter, we go through the development of automatons until the social robots of today. We describe two examples of social robots, EVA and Nadine, that we have been working with. We present two case studies, one in an insurance company and the other one in an elderly home. We also mention the limits of the use of social robots, their dangers, and the importance to control their actions through ethical committees.
The Curation Chokepoint
Authors: Larus James 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA key rationale for Apple and Google’s app stores was that they curate apps to ensure that they do not contain malware. Curation has gone beyond this goal and now unduly constrains the apps that you can use on your smartphone. It needs to stop. App quality should be ensured with other techniques and by a wider range of organizations than just Apple and Google.
Business Model Innovation and the Rise of Technology Giants
Authors: Parker Geoffrey G. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTechnology giants owe much of their success to fundamental improvements in the science and technology of information and communications technology. However, complementary advancements were also necessary, and, much as firms had to learn to incorporate electricity in the last nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, we posit that the giant platforms have learned to harness the contributions of external actors in order to grow more rapidly than would otherwise have been possible. Thus, the drivers of the dramatic rise of the tech giant platform firm can be viewed as a business model innovation as well as a technical innovation. As orchestration business models become better understood, we expect that firms in non-platform sectors are increasingly likely to adapt practices that also allow them to participate in and benefit from external value creation. At the same time, we expect regulatory scrutiny to increase as the power and reach of technology giants increases and their influence is felt across the economy.
Data, Models, and Decisions: How We Can Shape Our World by Not Predicting the Future
Authors: Popper Niki 
Published: November 2021

AbstractModelling and simulation can be used for different goals and purposes. Prediction is only one of them, and, as this chapter highlights, it might not be the main goal—even if it was in the spotlight during the COVID-19 crisis. Predicting the future is a vanity. Instead, we aim to prevent certain events in the future by describing scenarios, or, even better, we try to actively shape the future according to our social, technological, or economic goals. Thus, modellers can contribute to debate and social discourse; this is one of the aims of Digital Humanism.
Lessons Learned from the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Fuggetta Alfonso 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic is having a tragic and profound impact on our planet. Thousands of lives have been lost, millions of jobs have been destroyed, and the life of billions of people has been changed and disrupted. In this dramatic turmoil, digital technologies have been playing an essential role. The Internet and all its services have enabled our societies to keep working and operating; social networks have provided valuable channels to disseminate information and kept people connected despite lockdowns and the block of most travels; most importantly, digital technologies are key to support researchers, epidemiologists, and public officers in studying, monitoring, controlling, and managing this unprecedented emergency.After more than a year, it is possible and worthwhile to propose some reflections on the strengths and weaknesses we have experienced and, most importantly, on the lessons learned that must drive our future policies and roadmaps. This is unavoidable not just to improve our ability to react to these dramatic situation, but, most importantly, to proactively design and develop a better future for our society.
Return to Freedom: Governance of Fair Innovation Ecosystems
Authors: Akkermans Hans , Gordijn Jaap , Bon Anna 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Vienna Manifesto on Digital Humanism attaches great importance to the innovation processes shaping the digital society. The digital humanism question we pose in this chapter is: if innovation is a shaping force, can it itself be shaped by humans and based on human values of a just and democratic society? Nowadays, innovation is commonly theorized in policy and academic research in terms of ecosystems. Although this framing makes room for multiple stakeholders and their interaction, it is limited as it still positions innovation as a natural process. Thus, it underplays the human value and societal design dimensions of technosocial innovation. We discuss some ideas and proposals for the governance of digital innovation ecosystems such that they are fair and equitable. Design-for-fairness has as its basis a just and democratic societal conception of freedom.
Decolonizing Technology and Society: A Perspective from the Global South
Authors: Bon Anna , Dittoh Francis , Lô Gossa , Pini Mónica , Bwana Robert , WaiShiang Cheah , Kulathuramaiyer Narayanan , Baart André 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDespite the large impact of digital technology on the lives and future of all people on the planet, many people, especially from the Global South, are not included in the debates about the future of the digital society. This inequality is a systemic problem which has roots in the real world. We refer to this problem as “digital coloniality.” We argue that to achieve a more equitable and inclusive global digital society, active involvement of stakeholders from poor regions of the world as co-researchers, co-creators, and co-designers of technology is required. We briefly discuss a few collaborative, community-oriented technology development projects as examples of transdisciplinary knowledge production and action research for a more inclusive digital society.
The Global Greyfields Transition: Why Urban Redevelopment in Low-Density, Car-Based Middle Suburbs Needs a New Model
Authors: Newton Peter W. , Newman Peter , Glackin Stephen , Thomson Giles 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis chapter provides the framework and rationale forGreening the Greyfieldsand its two new models for greyfield precinct regeneration (GPR): place-activated and transit-activated GPR. They provide a basis for regenerative urban redevelopment in the middle-ring greyfield suburbs of fast-growing, low-density cities. Place-activated GPR advances a new development model for the ‘missing middle’ in cities: new medium-density housing at precinct scale. Transit-activated GPR extends new sustainable modes of mobility into car-dependent suburbs. Both processes are required for retrofitting suburbia to fix the shortcomings of mid- to late-twentieth-century urban planning and development.
The Greyfield Challenge to Australian Governments
Authors: Newton Peter W. , Newman Peter W. G. , Glackin Stephen , Thomson Giles 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBetween 2000 and 2020, Australia’s population grew almost 24% to 25 million. Most of this growth occurred in Australia’s major cities, acutely exacerbating sprawl, which has been a planning challenge since the mid- to late twentieth century. The urban-policy response has been toward more compact cities via ‘infill’—redevelopment within existing urban boundaries. This chapter distinguishes between former industrial ‘brownfield’ infill and the more challenging ‘greyfield’ infill. Greyfields comprise ageing, under-capitalised, low-density suburbia. Most metropolitan planning strategies enable small-scale, ad hoc greyfield redevelopment that tends to erase suburban qualities while only slightly increasing density. As a result, infill targets are not being met. But there is another way, outlined here as ‘greyfield precinct regeneration’: larger-scale integrated redevelopment facilitated through land assembly and supportive state and municipal planning policy.
Two-loop application of the Breitenlohner-Maison/’t Hooft-Veltman scheme with non-anticommuting γ5: full renormalization and symmetry-restoring counterterms in an abelian chiral gauge theory
Authors: Bélusca-Maïto Hermès , Ilakovac Amon , Kühler Paul , Mador-Božinović Marija , Stöckinger Dominik 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We apply the BMHV scheme for non-anticommuting γ5 to an abelian chiral gauge theory at the two-loop level. As our main result, we determine the full structure of symmetry-restoring counterterms up to the two-loop level. These counterterms turn out to have the same structure as at the one-loop level and a simple interpretation in terms of restoration of well-known Ward identities. In addition, we show that the ultraviolet divergences cannot be canceled completely by counterterms generated by field and parameter renormalization, and we determine needed UV divergent evanescent counterterms. The paper establishes the two-loop methodology based on the quantum action principle and direct computations of Slavnov-Taylor identity breakings. The same method will be applicable to nonabelian gauge theories.