bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trait Phenotyping and Genic/Random SSR Markers Characterization for Breeding Early Maturing Wheat’s for Western-Himalayas
Authors: Shafi Safoora , Tahir Mohd , Khan Mohd Anwar , Bhat Mohd Ashraf , Kumar Uttam , Kumar Sanjay , Mir Reyazul Rouf 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The study involves evaluation of 96 wheat genotypes for early maturity and related traits and molecular characterization of trait specific candidate genotypes using 26 (20 random and 6 genic) SSR markers. Trait characterization revealed significant variation for early maturity and related traits. The analysis of genotypic data of 26 markers led to the detection of 166 alleles ranging from 2 to 8 alleles with an average of 3.8 alleles per locus. Separate analysis of genotypic data of 20 random and 06 trait specefic markers led to the identification of 118 and 51 alleles, respectively. Sub-population-wise allelic diversity in early and late maturing populations could detect a total of 167 and 144 alleles, respectively. Higher gene diversity was detected in early maturing sub-population (0.135) when compared to late maturing sub-population (0.071). Single marker analysis (SMA) revealed significant association of 05 random and 02 trait specific markers already reported for early maturity. Therefore, two trait specific markers (Xwmc1 and Xgwm271) have been validated during the present study and contributed 21.36% and 10.94% phenotypic variation for early maturity, respectively. In order to breed for early maturity for Western-Himalayas, F2 segregating populations were also developed by making crosses among spring × spring and spring × winter wheat genotypes and several important recombinants/ segregants for early maturity and related traits were identified. Overall, the findings of the present study will prove useful in future wheat improvement programs leading to development of early maturing wheat varieties.
Realizing room-temperature strong coupling of single-exciton with plasmons by controlling quantum exceptional point
Authors: Li Wei , Liu Renming , Li Junyu , Zhong Jie , Chen Huanjun , Wang Xue-Hua 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Single-exciton strong coupling with plasmons is highly desirable for exploiting room-temperature quantum devices and applications. However, the large plasmon decay makes the realization of such strong coupling extremely difficult. To overcome this challenge, here we propose an effective approach to easily achieve the single-exciton strong coupling at room temperature by controlling quantum exceptional point (QEP) of the coupling system via matching the decay between the localized plasmon mode (LPM) and exciton. The good match can be reached by suppressing the LPM’s decay with the use of a leaky Fabry-Perot cavity. Experimental results show that the LPM’s decay linewidth is greatly compressed from ~ 45 nm to ~ 15 nm, which is close to the excitonic linewidth (~ 10 nm), pushing their interaction from the Fano interference into the strong coupling. Our work opens a new way to flexibly control the QEP and more easily realize the single-exciton strong coupling in ambient conditions.
Micro-mechanical Insights Into the Dynamics of Crack Propagation in Snow Fracture Experiments
Authors: Bobillier Grégoire , Bergfeld Bastian , Dual Jürg , Gaume Johan , Herwijnen Alec , Schweizer Jürg 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Dry-snow slab avalanches result from the propagation of compacting shear bands in highly porous weak layers buried within a stratified and metastable snowpack. While our understanding of slab avalanche mechanisms improved with recent experimental and numerical advances, fundamental micro-mechanical processes remain poorly understood due to a lack of non-invasive monitoring techniques. Using a novel discrete micro-mechanical model, we reproduced crack propagation dynamics observed in field experiments, which employ the propagation saw test. The detailed microscopic analysis of weak layer stresses and bond breaking allowed us to define the crack tip location of closing crack faces, analyze its spatio-temporal characteristics and monitor the evolution of stress concentrations and the fracture process zone both in transient and steady-state regimes. Results highlight the occurrence of a steady state in crack speed and stress conditions for sufficiently long distances of crack propagation (> 4 m). Crack propagation without external driving shear force is possible due to the local mixed-mode shear-compression stress nature at the crack tip induced by slab bending and weak layer volumetric collapse. Our result shed light into the microscopic origin of dynamic crack propagation in snow slab avalanche release that eventually will improve the evaluation of avalanche release sizes and thus hazard management and forecasting in mountainous regions.
Comparative Transcriptomics Reveals Osmotic and Ionic Stress Key Genes Contributing To Salinity Tolerance Differential in Two Pak Choi Cultivars
Authors: Du Xueling , Yu Rugang , Shi Changqian , Wang Ying , Meng Rui , Shi Wenwen , Jin Mengyao , Wei Xiuqi , Sun Tao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Pak choi is an important leafy vegetable crop. Salinity is among the most harmful agents that negatively influence pak choi yield. However, the mechanism of salinity tolerance in pak choi has not been well understood. In this study, the root transcriptomics of two cultivars differing in salinity tolerant, Shanghaijimaocai (S, salinity tolerant) and Te’aiqing (T, salinity sensitive), were investigated under 0 and 100 mM NaCl treatments.Results: Using de novo assembly, 214,952 assembled unigenes were generated. Totals of 6765, 2454, 2451 and 5798 differentially expressed unigenes (DEUs) were identified in comparison of S100/S0, T100/T0, S0/T0 and S100/T100, respectively. Shanghaijimaocai is more sensitive to NaCl stress than Te’aiqing in terms of root transcriptomics. Based on GO and KEGG pathway analysis, several osmotic and ionic stress-related genes including MP3K18, PYL8, PP2C15/16/49, ARF2, bHLH112, bZIP43, COL5, CDF1/3, ERF25/60, HSFA6, MYBS3/59/92/CCA1/PHL5, POD21, GOLS7, CIPK4/7/12, NHX7, SLAH1 and ALMT13, showed higher expression in Shanghaijimaocai than in Te’aiqing. These genes, therefore, might be contributed to the difference in salinity tolerance. Moreover, the physiological shift of peroxidase activity was in accordance with dynamic transcript profile of the relevant unigenes. Conclusions: We determined digital expression profile and discovered a broad survey of unigenes associated with the difference of salinity tolerance between Shanghaijimaocai and Te’aiqing. These findings would be useful for further functional analysis as potential targets to improve resistance to salinity stress via genetic engineering.
Clinical implication of metabolic syndrome in nonobese patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis
Authors: Lee Soo Bin , Kwon Hyeok Chan , Pyo Jung Yoon , Kang Mi Il , Song Jason Jungsik , Park Yong-Beom , Park Jun Yong , Lee Sang-Won 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective: We investigated the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in all or nonobese patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) and compared it with age- and gender-matched controls. Also, we assessed the effect of variables at diagnosis on the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in all or nonobese AAV patients. Methods: In this study, 173 AAV patients and 344 controls were included and MetS was defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adults Treatment Panel III criteria. The obesity based on body mass index (BMI) was defined as BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. The follow-up duration was defined as the period from diagnosis to the last visit or to each poor outcome occurrence.Results: The median age of AAV patients was 58.7 years and 57 patients were men. The prevalence of MetS was 50.9% in all AAV patients and 46.5% in nonobese AAV patients, which were significantly higher than 37.8% in all controls and 28.2% in nonobese controls. In the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, Mets at diagnosis significantly reduced the cumulative CVD-free survival rate in both all and nonobese AAV patients. In the multivariable Cox hazards model analysis, CVD during follow-up was significantly associated with both BVAS (HR 1.159) and MetS at diagnosis (HR 9.036) in nonobese AAV patients.Conclusions: The prevalence of MetS at diagnosis in all or nonobese AAV patients was significantly higher than those in all or nonobese controls. Furthermore, both BVAS and MetS at diagnosis increased the risk of CVD in nonobese AAV patients.
Prognostic Factors to Predict ICU Mortality in Patients with ARDS Who Received Early and Prolonged Prone Positioning Therapy
Authors: Lee Po-Hsin , Fu Pin-Kuei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Early and prolonged prone positioning (PP) could reduce the mortality in patients with moderate to severe ARDS, however, factors associated with mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU) remain unclear. The aim of this study is to identified factors associated with mortality and create the prognostic score in patients with ARDS who underwent early and prolonged PP. Methods: This retrospective study included patients with moderate to severe ARDS admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) from January 2015 to June 2018 in a tertiary referral center in Taiwan and who received early and prolonged PP. Demographic data, disease severity score, comorbidities, and clinical outcomes were recorded. Univariate and multivariate regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of ICU mortality. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were performed to identify the cutoff value of parameters. Results: A total of 116 patients were enrolled. In the multivariate analysis, three factors were significantly associated with mortality: renal replacement therapy (RRT; OR: 3.38, 1.55–7.36), malignant comorbidity (OR: 7.42, 2.06–26.70), and noninfluenza-related ARDS (OR: 3.78, 1.07–13.29). Age, RRT, noninfluenza-related ARDS, malignant comorbidity, and APACHE II score were included in a composite prone score, which demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.816 for predicting mortality risk. The mortality risk in ICU was 27.1% in the low-risk group (prone score: 0–2) and 84.2% in the high-risk group (prone score: 3–5). Conclusions: For patients with moderate to severe ARDS even receiving early and prolonged PP in ICU, poor prognostic factors were age, RRT, malignant comorbidity, noninfluenza-related ARDS, and higher APACHE II score. High mortality should be informed to the family of patient if their prone score was more than 3 points.
Characterizing Spatiotemporal Patterns of Drought among the Pastoralists of Southern Ethiopia, Eastern Africa
Authors: Guye Mekuria , Legesse Abiyot , Mohammed Yimer 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper is an inquiry of investigating trends and spatiotemporal patterns of meteorological drought in semi-arid pastoral areas in southern Ethiopia. Monthly gridded rainfall and temperature data for thirty years between 1986 to 2016 were obtained d from Ethiopian Meteorological Agency. Nonparametric Mann Kendall’s test (MK) along with Sen’s slope estimator was employed to see trends of drought. In addition, Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI) was used to characterize the drought patterns. The result indicates that under all time scale, drought events tend to show an increasing trend with varying magnitude and intensity. The highest drought severity category for major and small rainy months was identified during May 2000 with RDI= -2.28 and September 2000 with RDI= -2.55 . The drought magnitudes of the small rainy months range from -11.15 in November to -11.76 in September, while it ranges from -10.08 in April to -11.38 in March for the major rainy months. There are some variations of drought magnitude among the seasons while rainfall tend to show gradual decline as a manifestation of spatially varying drought severity, frequency and intensity in the watershed.
Synthesis and Evaluation of New Semi-Organic Non-Linear Optical L-Glutamic Acid Manganese Chloride (LGAMC) Crystal for Frequency Conversion Applications
Authors: Shanthi C. , M.  , Sagayaraj P. , Selvakumar S. , Venkatachalam V. , Devakirubai I. Epsy , Kubendiren T. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this Work, L-Glutamic acid manganese chloride (LGAMC) semi-organic nonlinear optical crystal has been grown by slow evaporation technique. Crystal structure and essential functional groups of LGAMC crystal were confirmed by single crystal XRD and FTIR analyses. Thermal stability and surface trait were determined by using TG/DTand SEM analyses. Linear optical studies revealed the lower cut-off wavelength at 244 nm in transparency UV-Visible region. Mechanical behavior of the crystal was analyzed by microhardness test which indicates that the hard category material. From photoluminescence spectrum, a sharp emission peak was observed at 532 nm which demonstrates that the grown crystal has good nonlinear optical behavior. The SHG efficiency of LGAMC crystal was found to be 1.3 times superior than well-known reference KDP crystal.
Photon Phase Shift Imaging Research on Frequency Domain Diffuse Optic Tomography
Authors: kazanci huseyin ozgur 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Diffuse optic imaging is an important biomedical optic research tool. Diffuse optic tomography (DOT) modality needs progressive philosophical approaches for scientific contribution. Technological developments and philosophical approaches should both go forward. Phase-shift based frequency domain (FD) diffuse optical tomography (FDDOT) method was well established in the literature. The instruments were tested for brain neurofunctional imaging. A mixture of AC laser intensity and phase data were used at these works. According to those works; deep volume resolution was improved by only using phase data. Because phase data is only related to the photon mean free path in imaging tissue media. Besides this advantage, laser intensity data is also affected by noisy background light and electrical artifacts. Another most important advantage of only using phase data can be explained as time-resolved temporal change can be directly related to phase shift of modulated frequency source. At this work, the frequency domain (FD) DOT imaging method which uses phase shift data were used for simulation phantom. Laser source-driven forward model problem weight matrix simulation data was given to the simple pseudo-inverse-based inverse problem solution algorithm for one inclusion example. The inclusion image was reconstructed and demonstrated successfully. Forward model problem weight functions inside the tissue simulation media were calculated and used based on the phase shifts at the same core modulation frequency. 100 MHz modulation frequency was selected due to its FDDOT standard. 13 sources and 13 detectors were placed on the back-reflected imaging surface. 40 x, y, z cartesian coordinate grid elements were used in the image reconstruction algorithm. Photon absorption coefficient: ma = 0.1 cm-1, and scattering coefficient: ms = 100 cm-1 values were set for background simulation phantom. One inclusion object was embedded inside the imaging tissue simulation phantom background. x, y, z cartesian coordinate grid sizes were selected for 100 mm for each direction. Photon phase shift fluencies were added to the forward model problem. The forward model problem was built according to the frequency domain photon migration diffusion approximation. Forward model problem photon fluencies were calculated according to the diffusion equation approximation. The simple pseudoinverse mathematical inverse problem solution algorithm was applied to test the results. The embedded inclusion object was reconstructed successfully with the high-resolution image quality. In general, DOT techniques suffer for the low image quality, but in this work, the high-quality image was reconstructed and demonstrated. The philosophical approach has future promising DOT imaging capability. The phase shift version of the FDDOT modality has an important advantage for future purpose.
Hsa_circ_0063526 promotes the development of endometriosis by sponging miRNA-141-5p
Authors: Wei Zhangming , Zhang Mengmeng , Zhang Xinyue , Fang Xiaoling , Li Liping 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background:Endometriosis can cause various social burdens. Abnormal circular RNAs level lead to changes of related gene expression, thereby mediating the occurrence and development of a series of diseases. The research of circRNA in endometriosis is still in its infancy. This study will explore the role of hsa_circ_0063526 with microRNA-141-5p in the development of endometriosis.Methods:The expression of genes was detected by RT-qPCR. Transwell, wound-healing, EdU assay were performed on endometriosis patient’s End1 / E6E7 cell. PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of candidate regulatory genes in ectopic lesions in endometriosis mice model.Results:The expression level of hsa_circ_0063526 in endometriosis patients’ ectopic tissue is higher than control(P <0.05), The expression levels of hsa_circ_0063526 and miRNA-141-5P in ectopic tissue of endometriosis were negatively correlated (P < 0.05).Knockdown hsa_circ_0063526 inhibited the invasion, metastasis, and proliferation ability of End1 / E6E7 cell. The inhibition of microRNA-141-5p can rescue this inhibitory effect (P <0.05). In-vivo experiments showed miR-141-5p and si-hsa_circ_0063526 treatment reduced the lesion size and regulated endometriosis genes.Conclusion:Hsa_circ_0063526 is probably involved in regulating the occurrence and development of endometriosis by sponging miR-141-5p. hsa_circ_0063526 and miR-141-5p are possible to become biomarkers and therapeutic targets for endometriosis.
Reconstruction of the transmission dynamics of the first COVID-19 epidemic wave in Thailand
Authors: Wilasang Chaiwat , Jitsuk Natcha , Sararat Chayanin , Modchang Charin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Thailand was the first country reporting the first Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infected individual outside mainland China. Here we delineated the course of the COVID-19 outbreak together with the timeline of the control measures and public health policies employed by the Thai government during the first wave of the COVID-19 outbreak in Thailand. Based on the comprehensive epidemiological data, we reconstructed the dynamics of COVID-19 transmission in Thailand using a stochastic modelling approach. Our stochastic model incorporated effects of individual heterogeneity in infectiousness on the disease transmission, which allows us to capture relevant features of superspreading events. We found that our model could accurately capture the transmission dynamics of the first COVID-19 epidemic wave in Thailand. The model predicted that at the end of the first wave, the number of cumulative confirmed cases was 3,091 (95%CI: 2,782 - 3,400). We also estimated the time-varying reproduction number (Rt) during the first epidemic wave. We found that after implementing the nationwide interventions, the Rt in Thailand decreased from the peak value of 5.67 to a value below one in less than one month, indicating that the control measures employed by the Thai government during the first COVID-19 epidemic wave were effective. Finally, effects of transmission heterogeneity and control measures on the likelihood of outbreak extinction were also investigated.
Low Preoperative Antithrombin III level is Associated with Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury after Liver Transplantation
Authors: Kim Kyoung-Sun , Moon Young-Jin , Kim Sung-Hoon , Jun In-Gu , Kwon Hye-Mee , Song Jun-Gol , Hwang Gyu-Sam 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background: The reno-protective effect of Antithrombin III (ATIII) has been well-studied in various animal studies; however, little is known about the effect of ATIII on kidney function in patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT). This study aimed to determine the association between preoperative ATIII level and postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) after LT (post-LT AKI).Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 2,395 LT recipients between 2010 and 2018 whose data of perioperative ATIII levels were available. Patients were divided into two groups based on the preoperative level of ATIII (ATIII<50% vs. ATIII≥50%). Multivariable regression analysis was performed to assess the risk factors for post-LT AKI. In addition, subgroup analysis for the Model for End-stage liver disease (MELD) score (<20, ≥20) and donor types (deceased vs. living) were performed to identify the predictive value of ATIII.Results: The mean preoperative ATIII levels were 30.2±11.8% in the ATIII<50% group and 67.2±13.2% in the ATIII≥50% group. The incidence of post-LT AKI was significantly lower in ATIII≥50% group compared to that in the ATIII<50% group (54.7% vs. 75.5%, P<0.001; odds ratio [OR, per 10% increase of ATIII level] 0.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.81–0.92; P<0.001). The prognostic value of ATIII was found to be statistically significant in the low-MELD group (<20, OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.77–0.87, P<0.001) and living donor LT (OR 0.89, CI 0.85–0.94, P<0.001) group. After a backward stepwise regression model, female sex, high body mass index, low albumin, deceased donor LT, longer duration of surgery, and high red blood cell transfusion remained significantly associated with post-LT AKI.Conclusion: Low preoperative ATIII level is associated with post-LT AKI, suggesting that preoperative ATIII might be a prognostic factor for predicting post-LT AKI.
Role of Ecologic ACE I/D Polymorphism Data Towards Prediction of COVID-19 Epidemiology
Authors: Amar Ali , Khan Abdul Rafay , Shakoor Madiha , Abid Aiysha , Khaliq Shagufta 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
COVID-19 displays marked variability in the clinical course as well as regional epidemiology. Abnormalities in RAAS system especially stemming from genetic variability in ACE and ACE2 expression (including ACE I/D polymorphism) have been proposed to explain underlying pathogenesis and variability in SARS-CoV-2 infection. In a meta-regression data set of 30 countries, we found significant associations of ACE I/D ratio and COVID-19 prevalence, deaths and recovery rate but not when adjusted for possible confounders. This ecological study suggests potential of ACE I/D data as predictive biomarker COVID-19 risk and severity in a population specific manner, subject to validation in large genetic epidemiological and functional studies.