bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urbanization in Peru is inversely associated with double burden of malnutrition: Pooled analysis of 92,841 mother–child pairs
Authors: Mendoza‐Quispe Daniel , Hernández‐Vásquez Akram , Miranda J. Jaime , Anza‐Ramirez Cecilia , Carrillo‐Larco Rodrigo M. , Pomati Marco , Nandy Shailen , Bernabe‐Ortiz Antonio 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study assessed the relationship between urbanization and the double burden of malnutrition (DBM) in Peru.MethodsA cross‐sectional analysis of the Demographic and Health Survey (2009 to 2016) was conducted. A DBM “case” comprised a child with undernutrition and a mother with overweight/obesity. For urbanization, three indicators were used: an eight‐category variable based on district‐level population density (inhabitants/km2), a dichotomous urban/rural variable, and place of residence (countryside, towns, small cities, or capital/large cities).ResultsThe prevalence of DBM was lower in urban than in rural areas (prevalence ratio [PR] 0.70; 95% CI: 0.65‐0.75), and compared with the countryside, DBM was less prevalent in towns (PR 0.75; 95% CI: 0.69‐0.82), small cities (PR 0.73; 95% CI: 0.67‐0.79), and capital/large cities (PR 0.53; 95% CI: 0.46‐0.61). Using population density, the adjusted prevalence of DBM was 9.7% (95% CI: 9.4%‐10.1%) in low‐density settings (1 to 500 inhabitants/km2), 5.9% (95% CI: 4.9%‐6.8%) in mid‐urbanized settings (1,001 to 2,500 inhabitants/km2), 5.8% (95% CI: 4.5%‐7.1%) in more densely populated settings (7,501 to 10,000 inhabitants/km2), and 5.5% (95% CI: 4.1%‐7.0%) in high‐density settings (>15,000 inhabitants/km2).ConclusionsThe prevalence of DBM is higher in the least‐urbanized settings such as rural and peri‐urban areas, particularly those under 2,500 inhabitants/km2.
Friction‐wear performance in environmentally friendly brake composites: A comparison of two different test methods
Authors: Akıncıoğlu Gülşah , Uygur İlyas , Akıncıoğlu Sıtkı , Öktem Hasan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this study, an eco‐friendly brake composite sample (EFP) was produced with 3.5% hazelnut shell dust as a natural additive material. Friction tests were performed on the manufactured pad sample and on a commercial pad (CP) using both a Chase‐type test machine and a specially designed device. A different approach is presented with the evaluation of the two different test device results. The experimental results were compared using the Taguchi method and it was concluded that the braking performance of the sample with hazelnut shell dust was in accordance with international standards. As a result of the study; the nominal friction coefficient value was found to be 0.505 μ. The shearing force of the EFP and CP samples was measured at 607.3 and 850.5 N, respectively. The friction coefficient values obtained from the EFP and CP samples were in accordance with the SAE J‐661 standard and are in the “F” letter class.
Development and evaluation of a proxy for baseline ECOG PS in advanced non‐small cell lung cancer, bladder cancer, and melanoma: An electronic health record study
Authors: Sadetsky Natalia , Chuo Ching‐Yi , Davidoff Amy J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeEastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) is an important predictor for receipt of treatment and overall survival (OS) but is often unreported in routine care. We developed a proxy for baseline ECOG PS using electronic health records (EHRs).MethodsWe analyzed patients who were diagnosed with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC), advanced bladder cancer (aBCa), and advanced melanoma (aMEL) between 2011 and 2018 and had a baseline (reported between diagnosis and treatment) ECOG PS in a real‐world database. We used stepwise multivariable logistic regression to model associations between baseline ECOG PS good (<2) versus poor (≥2) and sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory measures in each cancer type. Predictive accuracy of classifying ECOG PS was assessed. We tested the association between OS and observed and predicted ECOG PS.ResultsIn total, 20 697 aNSCLC patients, 2627 aBCa patients, and 2558 aMEL patients constituted the study population. Percentage of patients with poor ECOG PS ranged from 15.3% (aMEL) to 28.5% (aNSCLC). Poor ECOG PS was associated with more comorbid conditions, older age, lower body mass index, metastases, and abnormal laboratory indicators. Overall prediction accuracy using a 0.50 cutpoint was 73.3% for NSCLC, 73.8% for aBCa, and 85.4% for aMEL. The association of OS with ECOG PS was consistent between the observed and proxy measures.ConclusionsIn the EHR‐derived data, clinical, sociodemographic, and laboratory information were used to assign ECOG PS and enhance the use of real‐world data in outcome studies.
Psychotherapeutic case formulation: Plan analysis for narcissistic personality disorder
Authors: Grandjean Loris , Hummel Jana , Wyer Dominik , Beuchat Hélène , Caspar Franz , Sachse Rainer , Berger Thomas , Kramer Ueli 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundOne of the relevant case formulation methods for personality difficulties is plan analysis. The present study aimed at delivering a prototypical plan analysis for clients presenting with a diagnosis of narcissistic personality disorder (NPD).The sample consisted of 14 participants diagnosed with an NPD. Based on audio clinical material, we developed 14 individual plan analyses that we then merged into a single prototypical plan analysis. For explorative purposes, we ran an ordinary least squares regression model to predict the narcissistic symptoms severity (NAR) measured on a scale of 1–7 of the 14 clients by the presence (respectively absence) of certain plans in their individual plan analysis.The synthesis revealed that clients with pathological narcissism share common basic motives. Results of the regression model reveal that the presence of the plan ‘be strong’ reduces the NAR scale by 1.52 points (p = 0.011).DiscussionIn the treatment of psychological disorders, precise case formulations allow therapists for making clinically appropriate decision, personalizing the intervention and gaining insight into the client's subjective experience. In the prototypical plan structure we developed for NPD, clients strive to strengthen their self‐esteem and avoid loss of control, criticism and confrontation as well as to get support, understanding and solidarity. When beginning psychotherapy with a client presenting with NPD, the therapist can use these plans as valuable information to help writing tailored, and therefore more efficient, case formulations for their patients presenting with an NPD.
Continuous and intermittent administration of intravenous sildenafil in critically ill infants with pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Sharma Chetan , Burns Joseph , Kulkarni Aparna , Cerise Jane E. , Molina Berganza Fernando , Hayes Denise A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntravenous (IV) sildenafil may be administered as a continuous infusion or intermittent bolus dosing in infants with pulmonary hypertension (PH). We aimed to compare these delivery methods.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated subjects less than 12 months old treated with IV sildenafil for PH. Vital signs, oxygen requirement, vasoactive‐inotropic score (VIS), and echocardiogram results before and after sildenafil initiation, and the need for discontinuation due to side effects, were noted.ResultsForty‐three subjects were identified (23 continuous, 20 intermittent). There were clinically significant differences in PH classifications between groups. The continuous group was significantly younger (p = 0.010) with higher baseline severity of illness suggested by higher inspired oxygen (FiO2) and VIS (p = 0.012). After sildenafil initiation, there were no significant differences in changes in blood pressure, oxygen saturation, FiO2, or VIS between groups, and no difference in the number of subjects requiring discontinuation due to side effects (4 continuous, 1 intermittent, p = 0.351). Eight continuous group subjects (34.8%) and 3 intermittent group subjects (15.0%) died (p = 0.024), but echocardiographic improvement in PH degree was more common in the continuous group (77.8% vs. 33.3%, p = 0.007).ConclusionIn this small cohort of infants treated with continuous or intermittent IV sildenafil, in the setting of different baseline characteristics between groups, there were no significant differences in changes in vital signs, VIS, FiO2, or need for discontinuation of therapy due to side effects. Higher continuous group mortality may be explained by greater baseline illness severity, but larger prospective, randomized studies are required to investigate these different delivery methods.
Quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical studies of photophysical properties of fluorescent proteins
Authors: Rossano‐Tapia Maria , Brown Alex 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLight‐responsive proteins are widely employed in bioimaging, for example, fluorescent proteins (FPs), which are comprised of a chromophore centered within a barrel‐shaped protein. FPs exhibit remarkable one‐ and multi‐photon absorption (1PA and MPA, respectively) in addition to their emissive properties. Over the last two decades, many types of quantum mechanical, molecular dynamics, and combined quantum mechanical/molecular‐mechanical (QM/MM) approaches have been employed in the study of the photophysics of FPs. Among the latter, QM/MM approaches have proven to be capable of capturing the strong correlation between FPs' light‐responsive properties and their chromophore–environment interactions. In particular, polarizable embedding QM/MM methods are gaining attention by reason of their outstanding performance in the computation of MPA in FPs. Herein, we discuss the outcomes of some of the investigations performed on the 1PA, MPA, and emissive features of FPs using QM/MM approaches. In addition, critical aspects of the use of QM/MM approaches to study FPs' 1PA and MPA features are described. To those researchers interested in starting to perform MPA computations for FPs using QM/MM methods, this review aims to be a compass to navigate among the relevant available literature.This article is categorized under:
Electronic Structure Theory > Combined QM/MM Methods
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Biochemistry and Biophysics
The Life Cycle Performance Assessment (LCPA) Methodology
Authors: Ahlers Reinhard 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe FENIX project has started to develop future business models for the efficient recovery of secondary resources. It would not be enough just to improve business models based on traditional linear approaches. Rather, new approaches must be developed with a particular focus on environmental and climate changes. Electronic scrap is no longer scrap, but must be seen as valuable material. Using the mobile phone as an example, FENIX has developed technologies to get recyclable materials out of scrapped mobile phones and to process them into new materials and final products. The developed technological approaches are not limited to mobile phones, but can be used for all types of electronic waste. FENIX has only focused on the logistic chain from the dismantling of the cell phones to the manufacturing of new materials and products (recycling chain). This, of course, involves a lot of effort in dismantling the e-waste, as the recycling process was not yet considered when developing the products currently on the market. Such eco-design approaches would certainly reduce the disassembly effort in the future. FENIX business models should not only be based on economic success but also consider ecological effects at the same time. Therefore, an accompanying Life Cycle Performance Assessment (LCPA) has been carried out to prove the advantages of the developed business models. From the interim assessment, recommendations for further technical development directions were repeatedly given to achieve the best possible economic and ecological solutions.
Notes on cluster algebras and some all-loop Feynman integrals
Authors: He Song , Li Zhenjie , Yang Qinglin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We study cluster algebras for some all-loop Feynman integrals, including box-ladder, penta-box-ladder, and double-penta-ladder integrals. In addition to the well-known box ladder whose symbol alphabet is $$ {D}_2\simeq {A}_1^2 $$

D
2

≃

A
1
2

, we show that penta-box ladder has an alphabet of D3 ≃ A3 and provide strong evidence that the alphabet of seven-point double-penta ladders can be identified with a D4 cluster algebra. We relate the symbol letters to the u variables of cluster configuration space, which provide a gauge-invariant description of the cluster algebra, and we find various sub-algebras associated with limits of the integrals. We comment on constraints similar to extended-Steinmann relations or cluster adjacency conditions on cluster function spaces. Our study of the symbol and alphabet is based on the recently proposed Wilson-loop d log representation, which allows us to predict higher-loop alphabet recursively; by applying it to certain eight-point and nine-point double-penta ladders, we also find D5 and D6 cluster functions respectively.
Systolic inequalities for K3 surfaces via stability conditions
Authors: Fan Yu-Wei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe introduce the notions of categorical systoles and categorical volumes of Bridgeland stability conditions on triangulated categories. We prove that for any projective K3 surface X, there exists a constant C depending only on the rank and discriminant of NS(X), such that $$\begin{aligned} \mathrm {sys}(\sigma )^2\le C\cdot \mathrm {vol}(\sigma ) \end{aligned}$$

sys

(
σ
)

2

≤
C
·
vol

(
σ
)

holds for any stability condition on $$\mathcal {D}^b\mathrm {Coh}(X)$$

D

b

Coh

(
X
)

. This is an algebro-geometric generalization of a classical systolic inequality on two-tori. We also discuss applications of this inequality in symplectic geometry.
Dynamical reduced basis methods for Hamiltonian systems
Authors: Pagliantini Cecilia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe consider model order reduction of parameterized Hamiltonian systems describing nondissipative phenomena, like wave-type and transport dominated problems. The development of reduced basis methods for such models is challenged by two main factors: the rich geometric structure encoding the physical and stability properties of the dynamics and its local low-rank nature. To address these aspects, we propose a nonlinear structure-preserving model reduction where the reduced phase space evolves in time. In the spirit of dynamical low-rank approximation, the reduced dynamics is obtained by a symplectic projection of the Hamiltonian vector field onto the tangent space of the approximation manifold at each reduced state. A priori error estimates are established in terms of the projection error of the full model solution onto the reduced manifold. For the temporal discretization of the reduced dynamics we employ splitting techniques. The reduced basis satisfies an evolution equation on the manifold of symplectic and orthogonal rectangular matrices having one dimension equal to the size of the full model. We recast the problem on the tangent space of the matrix manifold and develop intrinsic temporal integrators based on Lie group techniques together with explicit Runge–Kutta (RK) schemes. The resulting methods are shown to converge with the order of the RK integrator and their computational complexity depends only linearly on the dimension of the full model, provided the evaluation of the reduced flow velocity has a comparable cost.
Advanced tandem mass spectrometry in metabolomics and lipidomics—methods and applications
Authors: Heiles Sven 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMetabolomics and lipidomics are new drivers of the omics era as molecular signatures and selected analytes allow phenotypic characterization and serve as biomarkers, respectively. The growing capabilities of untargeted and targeted workflows, which primarily rely on mass spectrometric platforms, enable extensive charting or identification of bioactive metabolites and lipids. Structural annotation of these compounds is key in order to link specific molecular entities to defined biochemical functions or phenotypes. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS), first and foremost collision-induced dissociation (CID), is the method of choice to unveil structural details of metabolites and lipids. But CID fragment ions are often not sufficient to fully characterize analytes. Therefore, recent years have seen a surge in alternative tandem MS methodologies that aim to offer full structural characterization of metabolites and lipids. In this article, principles, capabilities, drawbacks, and first applications of these “advanced tandem mass spectrometry” strategies will be critically reviewed. This includes tandem MS methods that are based on electrons, photons, and ion/molecule, as well as ion/ion reactions, combining tandem MS with concepts from optical spectroscopy and making use of derivatization strategies. In the final sections of this review, the first applications of these methodologies in combination with liquid chromatography or mass spectrometry imaging are highlighted and future perspectives for research in metabolomics and lipidomics are discussed.
Graphical abstract
Towards rare earth element recovery from wastewaters: biosorption using phototrophic organisms
Authors: Heilmann Marcus , Breiter Roman , Becker Anna Maria 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Whilst the biosorption of metal ions by phototrophic (micro)organisms has been demonstrated in earlier and more recent research, the isolation of rare earth elements (REEs) from highly dilute aqueous solutions with this type of biomass remains largely unexplored. Therefore, the selective binding abilities of two microalgae (Calothrix brevissima, Chlorella kessleri) and one moss (Physcomitrella patens) were examined using Neodym and Europium as examples. The biomass of P. patens showed the highest sorption capacities for both REEs (Nd3+: 0.74 ± 0.05 mmol*g−1; Eu3+: 0.48 ± 0.05 mmol*g−1). A comparison with the sorption of precious metals (Au3+, Pt4+) and typical metal ions contained in wastewaters (Pb2+, Fe2+, Cu2+, Ni2+), which might compete for binding sites, revealed that the sorption capacities for Au3+ (1.59 ± 0.07 mmol*g−1) and Pb2+ (0.83 ± 0.02 mmol*g−1) are even higher. Although different patterns of maximum sorption capacities for the tested metal ions were observed for the microalgae, they too showed the highest affinities for Au3+, Pb2+, and Nd3+. Nd-sorption experiments in the pH range from 1 to 6 and the recorded adsorption isotherms for this element showed that the biomass of P. patens has favourable properties as biosorbent compared to the microalgae investigated here. Whilst the cultivation mode did not influence the sorption capacities for the target elements of the two algal species, it had a great impact on the properties of the moss. Thus, further studies are necessary to develop effective biosorption processes for the recovery of REEs from alternative and so far unexploited sources.

Key points
• The highest binding capacity for selected REEs was registered for P. patens.
• The highest biosorption was found for Au and the biomass of the examined moss.
• Biosorption capacities of P. patens seem to depend on the cultivation mode.
Modelling the interplay between the CD4$$^{+}$$/CD8$$^{+}$$ T-cell ratio and the expression of MHC-I in tumours
Authors: Hurry Christian John , Mozeika Alexander , Annibale Alessia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDescribing the anti-tumour immune response as a series of cellular kinetic reactions from known immunological mechanisms, we create a mathematical model that shows the CD4$$^{+}$$+/CD8$$^{+}$$+T-cell ratio, T-cell infiltration and the expression of MHC-I to be interacting factors in tumour elimination. Methods from dynamical systems theory and non-equilibrium statistical mechanics are used to model the T-cell dependent anti-tumour immune response. Our model predicts a critical level of MHC-I expression which determines whether or not the tumour escapes the immune response. This critical level of MHC-I depends on the helper/cytotoxic T-cell ratio. However, our model also suggests that the immune system is robust against small changes in this ratio. We also find that T-cell infiltration and the specificity of the intra-tumour TCR repertoire will affect the critical MHC-I expression. Our work suggests that the functional form of the time evolution of MHC-I expression may explain the qualitative behaviour of tumour growth seen in patients.
Sleep behavior of infants with infantile hemangioma treated with propranolol—a cohort study
Authors: Theiler Martin , Knöpfel Nicole , von der Heydt Susanne , Schwieger-Briel Agnes , Luchsinger Isabelle , Smith Alexandra , Kernland-Lang Kristin , Waelchli Regula , Neuhaus Kathrin , Kohler Malcolm , Gnannt Ralph , Schoch Sarah F. , Weibel Lisa , Kurth Salome 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSleep problems are frequently reported in infants treated with propranolol for infantile hemangiomas, possibly serving as a marker for a negative impact on central nervous system function. In this cohort study, we objectively investigate the sleep behavior of infants with infantile hemangiomas on propranolol compared to a healthy, untreated control group. Sleep of propranolol-treated infants and controls was investigated using ankle actigraphy and a 24-h diary for 7–10 days at ages 3 and 6 months. The main outcome measures were theNumber of Nighttime AwakeningsandSleep Efficiency. The main secondary outcome measures included24-hour Total Sleep, daytime sleep behavior, and parent-rated infant sleep quality and behavioral development based on the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ) and the age-appropriate Ages-and-Stages Questionnaire (ASQ), respectively. Fifty-four term-born infants were included in each cohort. No group difference in any investigated parameter was seen at age 3 months. At age 6 months, the propranolol group exhibited a decrease inSleep Efficiencyand a trend towards an increasedNumber of Nighttime Awakeningscompared to the control group. Treated infants at 6 months also had shorter daytime waking periods.24-hour Total Sleepwas unaffected by propranolol. No negative impact of propranolol on subjective sleep quality and behavioral development was noted.Conclusion: Propranolol exerts a measurable yet mild impact on objectively assessed infants’ sleep measures. Behavioral developmental scores were unaffected. Our results support propranolol as first-line therapy for complicated infantile hemangiomas.What is Known:• Sleep disorders are frequently reported in infants with infantile hemangiomas treated with propranolol and often lead to treatment discontinuation.• Investigations of the sleep pattern in this patient group using objective measures are lacking.What is New:• The sleep pattern of propranolol-treated infants is assessed using actigraphy and a 24-h sleep diary and compared to healthy, untreated controls.• Propranolol leads to a decreased sleep efficiency at night and an increased demand of daytime sleep, yet effects are mild overall.