bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Underrecognition of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Poorly Controlled Diabetes: A Call to Action in Diabetes Care
Authors: Alexopoulos Anastasia-Stefania , Duffy Ryan , Kobe Elizabeth A , German Jashalynn , Moylan Cynthia A , Soliman Diana , Jeffreys Amy S , Coffman Cynthia J , Crowley Matthew J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are at high risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and evidence suggests that poor glycemic control is linked to heightened risk of progressive NAFLD. We conducted an observational study based on data from a telehealth trial conducted in 2018-2020. Our objectives were to (1) characterize patterns of NAFLD testing/care in a cohort of individuals with poorly controlled T2DM; and (2) explore how laboratory based measures of NAFLD (eg, liver enzymes, fibrosis-4 [FIB-4]) vary by glycemic control. We included individuals with poorly controlled T2DM (n = 228), defined as hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≥ 8.5% despite clinic-based care. Two groups of interest were (1) T2DM without known NAFLD; and (2) T2DM with known NAFLD. Demographics, medical history, medication use, glycemic control (HbA1c), and NAFLD testing/care patterns were obtained by chart review. Among those without known NAFLD (n = 213), most were male (78.4%) and self-identified as Black race (68.5%). Mean HbA1c was 9.8%. Most had liver enzymes (85.4%) and platelets (84.5%) ordered in the outpatient department over a 2-year period that would allow for FIB-4 calculation, yet only 2 individuals had FIB-4 documented in clinical notes. Approximately one-third had abnormal liver enzymes at least once over a 2-year period, yet only 7% had undergone liver ultrasound and 4.7% had referral to hepatology. Among those with known NAFLD (n = 15), mean HbA1c was 9.5%. Only 4 individuals had undergone transient elastography, half of whom had advanced fibrosis. NAFLD is underrecognized in poorly controlled T2DM, even though this is a high-risk group for NAFLD and its complications.
Artificial intelligence and infrared thermography as auxiliary tools in the diagnosis of temporomandibular disorder
Authors: Diniz de Lima Elisa , Souza Paulino José Alberto , Lira de Farias Freitas Ana Priscila , Viana Ferreira José Eraldo , Barbosa Jussara da Silva , Bezerra Silva Diego Filipe , Bento Patrícia Meira , Araújo Maia Amorim Ana Marly , Melo Daniela Pita 
Published: October 2021

Objective:To assess three machine learning (ML) attribute extraction methods: radiomic, semantic and radiomic-semantic association on temporomandibular disorder (TMD) detection using infrared thermography (IT); and to determine which ML classifier, KNN, SVM and MLP, is the most efficient for this purpose.Methods and materials:78 patients were selected by applying the Fonseca questionnaire and RDC/TMD to categorize control patients (37) and TMD patients (41). IT lateral projections of each patient were acquired. The masseter and temporal muscles were selected as regions of interest (ROI) for attribute extraction. Three methods of extracting attributes were assessed: radiomic, semantic and radiomic-semantic association. For radiomic attribute extraction, 20 texture attributes were assessed using co-occurrence matrix in a standardized angulation of 0°. The semantic features were the ROI mean temperature and pain intensity data. For radiomic-semantic association, a single dataset composed of 28 features was assessed. The classification algorithms assessed were KNN, SVM and MLP. Hopkins’s statistic, Shapiro–Wilk, ANOVA and Tukey tests were used to assess data. The significance level was set at 5% (p < 0.05).Results:Training and testing accuracy values differed statistically for the radiomic-semantic association (p = 0.003). MLP differed from the other classifiers for the radiomic-semantic association (p = 0.004). Accuracy, precision and sensitivity values of semantic and radiomic-semantic association differed statistically from radiomic features (p = 0.008, p = 0.016 and p = 0.013).Conclusion:Semantic and radiomic-semantic-associated ML feature extraction methods and MLP classifier should be chosen for TMD detection using IT images and pain scale data. IT associated with ML presents promising results for TMD detection.
Sales Effort Management Under All-or-Nothing Constraint
Authors: Du Longyuan , Hu Ming , Wu Jiahua 
Published: October 2021

We consider a sales effort management problem under an all-or-nothing constraint. The seller will receive no bonus/revenue if the sales volume fails to reach a predetermined target at the end of the sales horizon. Throughout the sales horizon, the sales process can be moderated by the seller through costly effort. We show that the optimal sales rate is nonmonotonic with respect to the remaining time or the outstanding sales volume required to reach the target. Generally, it has a watershed structure, such that for any needed sales volume, there exists a cutoff point on the remaining time above which the optimal sales rate decreases in the remaining time and below which it increases in the remaining time. We then study easy-to-compute heuristics that can be implemented efficiently. We start with a static heuristic derived from the deterministic analog of the stochastic problem. With an all-or-nothing constraint, we show that the performance of the static heuristic hinges on how the profit-maximizing rate fares against the target rate, which is defined as the sales target divided by the length of the sales horizon. When the profit-maximizing rate is higher than the target rate, the static heuristic adopting the optimal deterministic rate is asymptotically optimal with negligible loss. On the other hand, when the profit-maximizing rate is lower than the target rate, the performance loss of any asymptotically optimal static heuristic is of an order greater than the square root of the scale parameter. To address the poor performance of the static heuristic in the latter case, we propose a modified resolving heuristic and show that it is asymptotically optimal and achieves a logarithmic performance loss. This paper was accepted by Gabriel Weintraub, revenue management and market analytics.
Electric-field-assisted resonance scanning spectroscopy based on a graphene-on-silicon dual-mode microring
Authors: Han Senmiao , Chen Weicehng , Hu Haofeng , Cheng Zhenzhou , Liu Tiegen 
Published: October 2021

Mid-infrared (mid-IR) microring resonators (MRRs) have been extensively studied for biochemical sensing. However, the temperature fluctuation is an undesirable cross-sensitive effect for refractive index (RI) sensing. Here, we study an electric-field-assisted resonance scanning (EARS) spectroscopic technique based on a graphene-on-silicon dual-mode MRR to overcome this limitation. Specifically, based on the proposed method, we theoretically achieved a RI measuring error of only 2% under a temperature fluctuation of 1 K, which is improved by a factor of ten compared with a single-mode MRR. Moreover, a single-wavelength mid-IR laser is utilized in the technique, significantly simplifying the characterization setup. Also, we discuss the limit of detection and range of measurement of the EARS technique. Our study paves a promising way of developing monolithically chip-integrated mid-IR sensing devices.
Asymmetrical bidirectional VLC based on beam homogenizer OAM generation technology
Authors: Chou Hsi-Hsir , Liu Kang-Yun 
Published: October 2021

An asymmetric bidirectional visible light communication (B-VLC) system is presented in this Letter. It combines beam homogenizers with a spatial light modulator (SLM) to implement the orbital angular momentum (OAM) generation technology at a terminal user for uplink data transmission. The major advantage of the proposed approach is that multiple OAM modes can be arbitrarily generated simultaneously by a single SLM. The uplink transmission capacity can also be significantly improved by multiplexing more generated OAM channels. For the proof of concept, an asymmetric B-VLC based on the OAM generation technology for uplink transmission at a distance of nearly 2 m has been implemented. The baseband modulation schemes, including on-off keying (OOK) and quadrature phase-shift keying, were also implemented to validate the transmission performance. The experimental results show that the downlink transmission capacity of up to 2.2 Gbit/s can be achieved using an

S

-polarization beam. In comparison, the uplink transmission capacity can also be significantly enhanced by using

P

-polarization through multiplexing four OAM channels, each with a maximum transmission rate of up to 800 Mbit/s. The bit error rates (BERs) of both uplink and downlink transmissions were all under the forward error correction limit (

B
E
R

=

3

×

10

−
3

).
Power-over-fiber in a 10  km long multicore fiber link within a 5G fronthaul scenario
Authors: López-Cardona J. D. , Rommel S. , Grivas E. , S. Montero D. , Dubov M. , Kritharidis D. , Tafur-Monroy I. , Vázquez C. 
Published: October 2021

We evaluate the impact of Power-over-Fiber (PoF) technology on the
fronthaul of a 5G-NR network with an Analog-Radio-over-Fiber at
25.5 GHz on a 10 km long multicore fiber. The study in this Letter
analyzes the bit error rate (BER) performance for different levels of
energy transmitted by the PoF system. 133 mW of maximum optical power
at reception is demonstrated showing negligible BER impact or data
transmission BER improvement in a dedicated and shared scenario.
Polymer/silica hybrid waveguide amplifier at 532  nm based on NaYF4:Er3+, Yb3+ nanocrystals
Authors: Sun Tonghe , Fu Yuewu , Cao Zhigeng , Tao Siliang , Yan Jinming , Zhao Dan , Zhang Dan , Wang Fei , Zhang Daming 
Published: October 2021

An optical waveguide amplifier, which can solve the problem of optical attenuation in optical network transmission, is the key technology to solve optical chip integration and optical interconnection. Here, to the best of our knowledge, we propose a novel polymer/silica hybrid waveguide amplifier at 532 nm for the first time. The research is of great significance to the improvement of short distance communication and visible light communication system. The waveguide amplifier was designed as an embedded structure based on

N
a
Y
F

4

:

E
r

3
+

Y
b

3
+

nanocrystals, which were synthesized by high-temperature thermal decomposition. When the input signal power was 0.1 mW, and the pump power was 300 mW, a relative gain of 4.3 dB was obtained on an 8 mm waveguide. This result is of great research significance to break the distance limit and make all-optical transmission a reality.
Prevalence of bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis and associated risk factors: A community survey in Thirvallur District, south India
Authors: Dolla Chandra Kumar , Dhanaraj Bhaskaran , Chandrasekaran Padmapriyadarsini , Selvaraj Sriram , Menon Pradeep Aravindan , Thiruvengadam Kannan , Krishnan Rajendran , Mondal Rajesh , Malaisamy Muniyandi , Marinaik Srinivasa B. , Murali Lakshmi , Tripathy Srikanth Prasad 
Published: October 2021

Background
Tuberculosis (TB) prevalence surveys add to the active case detection in the community level burden of TB both national and regional levels. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in the community.

Methods
Household community-based tuberculosis disease survey was conducted targeting 69054 population from 43 villages of 5 blocks in Tiruvallure district adopting cluster sampling methodology of ≥15 years old adult rural population of South India during 2015–2018. All eligible individuals with suspected symptoms of PTB were screened with chest X-ray. Two sputum specimens (one spot and the other early morning sample) were collected for M.tb smear and culture examination. Conversely demographical, smoking and alcohol drinking habits information were also collected to explore the risk factor. Stepwise logistic regression was employed to associate risk factors for PTB.

Results
A total of 62494 were screened among 69054 eligible population, of whom 6340 were eligible for sputum specimen collection. Sputum for M.tb smear and culture examination were collected in 93% of participants. The derived prevalence of PTB was 307/100000 population (smear-positive 130; culture positive 277). As expected that PTB has decreased substantially compared to preceding surveys and it showed that older age, male, low BMI, diabetes, earlier history of TB and alcohol users were significantly associated (p < .0001) with an increased risk of developing PTB.

Conclusion
Upshot of the active survey has established a reduction in the prevalence of PTB in the rural area which can be accredited to better programmatic implementation and success of the National TB Control Programme in this district. It also has highlighted the need for risk reduction interventions accelerate faster elimination of TB.
Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice toward COVID-19 and associated factors among health care workers in Silte Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Yesse Mubarek , Muze Mohammed , Kedir Shemsu , Argaw Bedru , Dengo Mohammed , Nesre Tajudin , Hamdalla Faris , Saliha Awol , Mussa Tofik , Kasim India , Kedir Abdulfeta , Delebo Tofik , Sunkemo Awol , Badeg Yesuf , Ensarmu Dureti , Abebe Dereje , Dessalegn Amara , Ayelign Henok 
Published: October 2021

Introduction
COVID-19 is a pandemic respiratory disease caused by the highly contagious novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV 2). The disease is now quickly spreading around the world, resulting in ongoing coronavirus pandemic. Healthcare workers are more susceptible to COVID-19 infection than the general population due to frequent contact with infected individuals.

Objective
This study was aimed to assess knowledge, attitude and practice towards COVID-19 and associated factors among health care workers.

Methods
Facility-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among health care workers in Silte Zone. A total of 379 health professionals were selected using multistage stratified sampling technique. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Binary logistic regression model was used to see association between outcome and independent variables.

Results
This study found 74.9%, 84.2% and 68.9% prevalence of adequate knowledge, positive attitude and good practice respectively. Working in comprehensive specialized hospital (AOR = 4.46, 95% CI = 1.46–13.62).having MSC degree (AOR = 10.26, 95% CI = 2.27–46.44), and training on COVID-19 (AOR = 6.59, 95% CI = 2.97–14.65) were strongly associated with knowledge of health care workers. On the other hand, older age (AOR = 3.35, 95% CI = 1.07–10.50), training on COVID-19 (AOR = 3.73, 95% CI = 1.82–7.63), Work experience (AOR = 3.78, 95% CI = 1.46–9.80) and Knowledge (AOR = 5.45, 95% CI = 2.60–11.43) were significantly associated with attitude, whereas source of information from friends or colleagues (AOR = 3.13, 95% CI = 1.28–7.66), working in primary hospital (AOR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.21–0.620) and having good knowledge (AOR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.03–3.14) were strongly associated with good practice of health care workers.

Conclusion
This study found majority of health care workers had good level of knowledge and positive attitude toward COVID-19, but lower proportion of health care workers practices sufficiently in the study area. Type of health facilities, level of education, training on COVID-19, work experience, type of source of information were significantly associated with knowledge, attitude and practice of health care workers. Stakeholders need to focus on interventions that increase preventive practices of health care workers.
Divergence of bacterial communities in the lower airways of CF patients in early childhood
Authors: O’Connor John B. , Mottlowitz Madison M. , Wagner Brandie D. , Boyne Kathleen L. , Stevens Mark J. , Robertson Charles E. , Harris Jonathan K. , Laguna Theresa A. 
Published: October 2021

Rationale
Chronic airway infection and inflammation resulting in progressive, obstructive lung disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis. Understanding the lower airway microbiota across the ages can provide valuable insight and potential therapeutic targets.

Objectives
To characterize and compare the lower airway microbiota in cystic fibrosis and disease control subjects across the pediatric age spectrum.

Methods
Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples from 191 subjects (63 with cystic fibrosis) aged 0 to 21 years were collected along with relevant clinical data. We measured total bacterial load using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing to characterize bacterial communities with species-level sensitivity for select genera. Clinical comparisons were investigated.

Measurements and main results
Cystic fibrosis samples had higher total bacterial load and lower microbial diversity, with a divergence from disease controls around 2–5 years of age, as well as higher neutrophilic inflammation relative to bacterial burden. Cystic fibrosis samples had increased abundance of traditional cystic fibrosis pathogens and decreased abundance of the Streptococcus mitis species group in older subjects. Interestingly, increased diversity in the heterogeneous disease controls was independent of diagnosis and indication. Sequencing was more sensitive than culture, and antibiotic exposure was more common in disease controls, which showed a negative relationship with load and neutrophilic inflammation.

Conclusions
Analysis of lower airway samples from people with cystic fibrosis and disease controls across the ages revealed key differences in airway microbiota and inflammation. The divergence in subjects during early childhood may represent a window of opportunity for intervention and additional study.
The epidemiology of atopic dermatitis in older adults: A population-based study in the United Kingdom
Authors: Chan Leslie N. , Magyari Alexa , Ye Morgan , Al-Alusi Noor A. , Langan Sinead M. , Margolis David , McCulloch Charles E. , Abuabara Katrina 
Published: October 2021

Background
Atopic dermatitis is known to be common among children, but there are few studies examining the epidemiology across the life course. In particular, there is a paucity of data on atopic dermatitis among older adults.

Objective
To evaluate participant characteristics, patterns of disease activity and severity, and calendar trends in older adult atopic dermatitis in comparison to other age groups in a large population-based cohort.

Methods
This was a cohort study of 9,154,936 individuals aged 0–99 years registered in The Health Improvement Network, a database comprised of electronic health records from general practices in the United Kingdom between 1994 and 2013. Atopic dermatitis was defined by a previously validated algorithm using a combination of at least one recorded atopic dermatitis diagnostic code in primary care and two atopic dermatitis therapies recorded on separate days. Cross-sectional analyses of disease prevalence were conducted at each age. Logistic mixed effect regression models were used to identify predictors of prevalent disease over time among children (0–17 years), adults (18–74 years), and older adults (75–99 years).

Results
Physician-diagnosed atopic dermatitis was identified in 894,454 individuals with the following proportions in each age group: 18.3% of children, 7.7% of adults, and 11.6% of older adults. Additionally, atopic dermatitis prevalence increased across the 2-decade period (beta from linear regression test for trend in the change in proportion per year = 0.005, p = 0.044). In older adults, atopic dermatitis was 27% less common among females (adjusted OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.70–0.76) and was more likely to be active (59.7%, 95% CI 59.5–59.9%) and of higher severity (mean annual percentage with moderate and severe disease: 31.8% and 3.0%, respectively) than in other age groups.

Conclusion
In a large population-based cohort, the prevalence of physician-diagnosed atopic dermatitis has increased throughout adulthood and was most common among males age 75 years and above. Compared to children ages 0–17 and adults ages 18–74, older adult atopic dermatitis was more active and severe. Because the prevalence of atopic dermatitis among older adults has increased over time, additional characterization of disease triggers and mechanisms and targeted treatment recommendations are needed for this population.
Surgical complications after caesarean section: A population-based cohort study
Authors: Larsson Charlotta , Djuvfelt Elin , Lindam Anna , Tunón Katarina , Nordin Pär 
Published: October 2021

Background
The rate of caesarean section without medical indication is rising but the risk for surgical complications has not been fully explored.

Methods
Altogether 79 052 women from the Swedish Medical Birth Register who delivered by caesarean section only from 2005 through 2016 were identified and compared with a control group of women delivering vaginally only from the same register and the same period of time. By cross-linking data with the National Patient Register the risks for bowel obstruction, incisional hernia and abdominal pain were analysed, as well as risk factors for these complications. We also analysed acute complications, uterine rupture, and placenta praevia.

Findings
Caesarean section is associated with an increased risk for bowel obstruction (OR 2.92; CI 2.55–3.34), surgery for bowel obstruction (OR 2.12; CI 1.70–2.65), incisional hernia (OR 2.71; CI 2.46–3.00), surgery for incisional hernia (OR 3.35; CI 2.68–4.18), and abdominal pain (OR 1.41; CI 1.38–1.44). Smoking, obesity, and more than one section delivery added significantly to the risk for these complications.

Interpretation
Caesarean section is considered a safe procedure, but awareness of the risk for serious complications is important when deciding on mode of delivery. In this study, more than one section, obesity and smoking significantly increased the risk for complications after caesarean section. Prevention of smoking and obesity among fertile women worldwide must continue to be a high priority.
Successful Minimally Invasive Management of a Gastroduodenal Artery Pseudoaneurysm Causing Extrinsic Bile Duct Compression
Authors: Shell Mark , Reinhart Evan , Smith Stephen , DeMarris Darryl , Naumann Christopher 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Gastroduodenal artery (GDA) pseudoaneurysms are rare clinical entities that typically develop in the setting of chronic inflammation of the pancreas, although idiopathic pseudoaneurysms can occur. Although GDA pseudoaneurysms carry the risk of rupture with resultant hemorrhage, they seldom are reported to cause biliary obstruction. We report a unique case of biliary obstruction secondary to extrinsic compression of the bile duct by a GDA pseudoaneurysm successfully managed by nonoperative means.