bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SIX-YEAR SURVIVAL RATE OF PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION AND WITHOUT CONCOMITANT CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
Authors: Pereverzeva Kristina , Yakushin Sergey 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
To evaluate survival rate and determine factors, affecting risk of death for patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and without concomitant cardiovascular diseases (CVD) for 6 years of observation according to the register.

Design and method:
716 patients with AH and without another CVD took part in this research in 2012-2013.The median age is 56.7 [49.0; 63.8] years, 29.1% of them are men. Diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glycaemia were registered in 11.3% and 1.3% of cases, dyslipidemia – in 2.9%, obesity – in 12.7%, anemia – in 8.5% and hemorrhage – in 1.5%, diseases of the respiratory organs – in 17.6%, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract – in 44.6%, kidney diseases – in 30.4%. The frequency of prescription of beta-adrenergic blocker was 32.0%, angiotensin-converting enzyme/sartans – 76.7%, calcium channel blockers – 15.2%, diuretics – 39,4%, antagonists of mineralocorticoid receptors – 1.3%, central acting drugs – 2.4%, statins – 6.0%, aspirin – 23.0%.

Results:
The median of time from the moment of inclusion to the date of last contact was 6.1 [5.8; 6.7] years. Information about 95.7% of patients was received.The survival rate was 87.3%. Among the patients with know causes of death (n = 66) in 40.9% of cases CVD was the cause of death, the oncological disease – in 39.4%. Diseases of the respiratory organs were registered more frequently among deceased patients in 25.3% and 16.5% consequently (p = 0.04), but this factor did not have a statistically significant effect on the prognosis. Independent risks of death factors among patients with AH and without another CVD were age and gender: the risk of death for patients over the age of 60 was 6% higher, at the age of 70 years was 12% higher, at the age of 80 years was 21% higher compared with patients younger than 60 years (p < 0.05), the relative risk of death of male patients compared with female patients was 2.4 (1.6–3.4) times higher (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Six-year survival rate of patients with arterial hypertension and without concomitant cardiovascular diseases is 87.3%. Risk of death factors are age and male gender in this group of patients.
ANALYSIS OF HEART RATE AND OXYGEN SATURATION USING PULSE OXIMETER BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE AT HYDERABAD PAKISTAN
Authors: Ali Muhammad 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
By knowing heart rate, the condition of the heart can better judge. Tachycardia and Bradycardia are one of the factors that may leads to various moralities of the heart. Oxygen saturation may also relate with the heart and electrolyte balance system. The current study was conducted to analyze the heart rate and oxygen saturation in blood by using pulse oximeter.

Design and method:
The descriptive, observational study was conducted among 400 individuals from various places of Hyderabad, Pakistan. The age range of enrolled individuals are from 20 to 40 years of age including male and female. The duration of study was of six months from July to December 2019. The sampling technique was random. The place of study was from Hyderabad, Pakistan

Results:
Out of total 400 Individuals, 200 each male and female respectively were enrolled to get the equal response. The pulse oximeter showed the average heart rate was 87 + 15 and saturated oxygen was 99 + 2. While in female individuals, the average heart rate was 110 + 21 and saturated oxygen was 98 + 2. The maximum age was from 20 to 25 years of age in which maximum disturbance of heart rate was noted.

Conclusions:
The study concluded that the heart rate was more in female particularly girls as compared to boys. Further analysis will be required to sort out the reason.
RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES IN PEOPLE WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Chalakova Tatyana , Yotov Yoto , Tsochev Kaloyan , Bocheva Yana , Iotova Violeta , Usheva Natalya , Galcheva Sonya , Valchev Georgi 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
People with diabetes mellitus (DM) are at several times higher risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD).
The o objective is to assess the CVD risk in patients with long-lasting Type 1 DM (T1DM) and to compare several risk tools performance.

Design and method:
A total of T1DM 95 persons, 50 (52.6%) men, at an average age of 41.34 ± 10.3 years were studied. The average duration of T1DM was 25.22 ± 8.7 years, and the median HbA1c 8.15%. All participants completed a demographic questionnaire. Basic anthropometric and hemodynamic parameters were measured applying standard methods. Venous blood was drawn after 12 hours fast. The global CVD risk was assessed by two methods: Steno-2 formula and the recent recommendations of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). The coronary calcium score (CACS) was evaluated on computer tomography.a

Results:
Steno-2 method showed gender CVD risk difference - 69.4% of the men were at moderate or high risk while 57.8% of the women were at low risk (p = 0.029). ESC guidelines found that all patients are either at high, 39% and 31% for men and women or at very high risk - 61% and 69% resp. (p = 0.5). The two methods for risk characterization do not correlate well - 44% of people with T1DM who have high and very high risk (ESC) are at low risk according to Steno-2, Cohen's kappa for agreement of the two methods is 0.016, p = 0.78. When CACS is added, a large proportion of patients who are at moderate or high risk by Steno-2 method (20 and 21.3% in total) had CACS-0. Conversely, 10 (10.6%) of all T1DM participants had low Steno-2 risk and CACS > 0, Kendall's tau coefficient b = 0.4, p < 0.0001. The agreement between Steno-2 and CACS is mild (Cronbach's a = 0.501; Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, ICC = 0.44; p = 0.003). The addition of CACS to the clinical risk assessment model improves the diagnostic accuracy, with area under the curve (AUC) 0.72, 95% CI 0.61–0.84, p = 0.001.

Conclusions:
The T1DM CVD risk assessment methods do not agree well. The addition of CAC score further reclassifies the patients which is important for the timely CVD prevention.
WHICH AMBULATORY BLOOD PRESSURE PARAMETERS ARE RELATED TO COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND DEMENTIA IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS?
Authors: Germán-Salló Márta , Pál Tünde , Szentendrey Dalma Bálint , Tatar Cristina Maria , Sallay Márta , Nyulas Kinga , Preg Zoltán 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) parameters are more accurately linked to target organ damage than office or home blood pressure values. Few studies focus on the relationship between ABPM parameters and cognitive aging. We aimed to investigate the relationship between ABPM parameters and prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia among hypertensive patients.

Design and method:
In the present paper, we included 294 consecutive hypertensive patients admitted to a Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Clinic aged between 50–91years (mean age: 68.6 ± 8.8 years; 50.3% female; 49.7% male). After routine clinical assessment all participants had an ABPM recording (on antihypertensive medical treatment), completed the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test used for the detection of cognitive impairment, and the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) test for detection of dementia. We divided patients in two groups acording to cognitive status based on these cutoff values: 26 points for MOCA score, respectively 24 points for MMSE score – and compared ABPM parameters of the two groups. Statistical analysis was performed with the IBM SPSS v.20 program.

Results:
In patients with cognitive impairment (MOCA <26) we found significantly lower mean diastolic (69.9 vs. 72.4 mmHg, p = 0.023), daytime diastolic (72.0 vs. 75.1 mmHg, p = 0.012), nighttime diastolic (64.5 vs. 66.9 mmHg, p = 0.039), and higher pulse pressure values (average pulse pressure 61.5 vs. 55.5 mmHg, p = 0.002, daytime pulse pressure 61.7 vs. 56.6 mmHg, p = 0.003, nighttime pulse pressure (59.8 vs. 55.1 mmHg, p = 0.004). In patients with dementia (MMSE<24) we found significant differences between nighttime systolic values (129.7 vs. 124.5 mmHg, p = 0.04), average pulse pressure (63.5 vs. 58.9 mmHg, p = 0.038), and nighttime pulse pressure (63.5 vs. 57.4 mmHg, p = 0.003), values compared to patients with normal cognitive function.

Conclusions:
The presence of cognitive impairment was related to lower diastolic values, and higher pulse pressure values, while dementia was associated with higher nighttime systolic values in the studied patient population. Lowering too much diastolic blood pressure leading to higher pulse pressure and insufficient control of systolic blood pressure over night could have deleterious effect on neurocognitive abilities of treated hypertensive patients.
MORTALITY RATE OF PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION AND MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT
Authors: Yaneva-Sirakova Teodora , Dimov Anastas , Vassilev Dobrin , Traykov Latchezar 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
People with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are with elevated risk of death. On the other hand, patients with cardiovascular risk factors are at a higher risk of death in comparison with the general population. Thus, the combination of mild cognitive impairment and hypertension/high cardio-vascular risk, may lead to even higher mortality rate than expected. However, this has not been proven. The question is important in the light of effective early screening and prophylaxis, because the real patients in our everyday practice are not with a single isolated disease or risk factor.

Design and method:
This is a retrospective analysis. We compared the general death rate of hypertensive high-cardio-vascular-risk patients with and without MCI. Two hundred-forty-nine patients underwent neuropsychological screening twice at least 6 months apart with MMSE and MoCA, Geriatric Depression scale and 4-point version of the scale for evaluating the performance in instrumental activities of daily living (4-IADL). The patients also had laboratory testing, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, ECG echocardiography. Their death rate was examined 8 to 10 years afterwards.

Results:
The patients with arterial hypertension and clinically diagnosed mild cognitive impairment (MoCA and MMSE) had significantly higher general death rate compared to those without MCI. Logistic regression analysis showed that about 14.6% of the mortality rate in this high-risk group could be attributed to MCI. The home blood pressure values were not in the target range for 63.85% at the initial neuropsychological test and for 56.43% on the reevaluation 8–10 years ago, despite the multi-drug antihypertensive regimen. The yearly all-cause mortality rate for the recent years for Bulgaria was about 14.1–15.4/1000. The relative all-cause mortality rate of this studied population was about 25.7/1000 patient on yearly basis – 1.67 times higher.

Conclusions:
It is known that MCI is correlated with cardiovascular risk factors and mainly - arterial hypertension. We found that the combination of MCI and arterial hypertension may lead to high mortality rate. This has important clinical implications. We will study further this issue to define in detail the factors responsible for the higher death rate in this group.
RESULTS OF SIDI BEL ABBES PROSPECTIVE STROKE STUDY (SPSS)
Authors: Chami Mohammed Amine , Beghdadli Benal 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
Stroke represents a major public health concern worldwide. In Algeria, it is the first cause of cardiovascular mortality preceding myocardial infarction. Thus stroke is the third leading cause of death in developed countries.

Objectives:
to describe stroke's features among inpatients at the internal medicine department of the university hospital of Sidi Bel-Abbes (Algeria).

Design and method:
This is a cross-sectional descriptive study whose data were collected prospectively during the period from 01/10/2014 to 31/12/2017.
Both sexes with first or recurrent stroke were included.
Quantitative Data were presented in percentage and gender comparison with Student t test ± SD.

Results:
499 patients have been included in the study: 222 women (44.5%) and 277 men (55.5%). The mean age was 68.40 ± 13.72 years with no difference in gender (p > 0,05).
Admission time was respectively over 3 hours and over 4 h 30 mn 91,2% and 87,1%.
Mean length of stay was 10,23 ± 8,27 days.
Ischemic stroke represented 83,5%.
The most frequents risk factors were hypertension (65.1%), diabetes mellitus (34.1%) smoking 15,8% stroke history (14.4%).
The NIHSS score was more than 25, 5–25 and less than 5 in 4.8%, 79,4% and 14,6 % respectively.
At admission, no significant difference was shown in relation to glycemia, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol by gender.
Ischemic Stroke was caused by atrial fibrillation in 15% of cases.
According to Rankin Score, patients had moderately severe disability and severe disability respectively in 22,8% and 20,6%.

Conclusions:
The results of our study corroborate most studies of age, sex, stroke type and confirm that hypertension is the most important risk factor for stroke.
Diabetes is more commonly found in our study than in international data.
The delay in admission time is the main obstacle to the prescription of thrombolysis.
The stroke poses a management problem which requires an urgent opening of neuro-vascular units throughout the national territory beside carrying out an awareness campaign of the signs of stroke and the urgency of its medical care.
NOCTURNAL HOME VERSUS AMBULATORY BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS: ASSOCIATION WITH PRECLINICAL TARGET-ORGAN DAMAGE
Authors: Stambolliu Emelina , Kollias Anastasios , Bountzona Ioanna , Ntineri Angeliki , Servos George , Vazeou Andriani , Stergiou George 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective:
To evaluate the relationship between nighttime blood pressure (BP) assessed by home (HBP) or ambulatory (ABP) monitoring with preclinical damage in children and adolescents.

Design and method:
Apparently healthy children and adolescents (age 6–18 yeas) referred for elevated BP were subjected to (i) 24 h ABP monitoring (Microlife WatchBP O3), (ii) 7-day HBP monitoring during daytime (duplicate morning and evening measurements) and nighttime (3 nights, 3 readings/night) (Microlife WatchBP Home-N), and measurement of (iii) carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and carotid distensibility coefficient (cDC), (iv) carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV; Complior device), and (v) echocardiographic left ventricular mass index (LVMI).

Results:
94 individuals were analyzed (mean age 13.2 ± 2.8 years, 54 males, BMI 24.8 ± 5.2 kg/m2, 18 with 24 h ABP > 95th centile). Daytime HBP was slightly lower than daytime ABP (difference -2.0 ± 6.4/-0.8 ± 5.0 mmHg, systolic/diastolic, p < 0.01/NS), whereas nighttime HBP was slightly higher than nighttime ABP (2.5 ± 7.1/2.1 ± 6.2 mmHg, p < 0.01/ < 0.01). There was a strong association between ABP and HBP (daytime r = 0.83/0.79 and nighttime 0.79/0.60, systolic/diastolic) (all p < 0.05). Nighttime systolic ABP and HBP were associated with all indices of target-organ damage (LVMI r = 0.36/0.30 for ABP/HBP; cIMT 0.47/0.49; cCD -0.31/-0.25; PWV 0.50/0.56 (p = NS for HBP-ABP comparisons). The agreement between nighttime HBP and ABP in identifying: (i) subjects with asleep ABP > 90th percentile was 73% (kappa 0.38, p < 0.01) and (ii) non-dippers 55% (kappa 0.16).

Conclusions:
These results suggest that in children and adolescents nocturnal HBP monitoring is feasible, is strongly correlated with nighttime ABP and gives similar correlations with preclinical target-organ damage. The agreement between these methods in identifying individuals with nocturnal hypertension is satisfactory, whereas for non-dippers it is moderate.
REPRODUCIBILITY OF OFFICE, HOME AND AMBULATORY BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Bountzona Ioanna , Ntineri Angeliki , Kollias Anastasios , Stambolliu Emelina , Alamara Christina , Vazeou Andriani , Stergiou George 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective:
To compare the reproducibility of blood pressure measurements taken in the office (OBP), at home (HBP) and with ambulatory monitoring (ABP) in children and adolescents.

Design and method:
Apparently healthy children and adolescents (age 6–18 years) referred for elevated BP were included. OBP was measured in 2 visits (triplicate auscultatory measurements), HBP on 7 days (duplicate morning and evening measurements) and 24 h ABP at 20-minute intervals. All measurements were repeated after 1–6 months. The reproducibility of OBP (visit 1 and 2), HBP (7 days) and ABP (24 h, daytime, nighttime) was quantified using test-retest correlations coefficients (r) and standard deviation of differences (SDD) between repeated measurements.

Results:
58 subjects were included (mean age 13.0 ± 2.9 years, 60.3% boys, average interval between assessments 4.1 ± 2.1 months). All BP differences between sessions were non-significant apart from diastolic OBP at visit 1 (p < 0.05; Table). The reproducibility of HBP was comparable to that of 24 h ABP and both were superior to that of OBP. The reproducibility of 24 h ABP tended to be superior to that of daytime and nighttime values (Table). Similar conclusions were provided by SDD and r values.

Conclusions:
These data suggest that in children and adolescents out-of-office BP measurements are more reproducible than OBP measurements. 7-day HBP and 24 h ABP appear to have similar reproducibility.
PREDICTION OF EARLY ONSET OF ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION BY DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS IN CHILDREN
Authors: Samarina Olga , Chuykov Alexsander , Kovtun Olga 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective:
The prevalence of essential hypertension among children has risen over the last several decades in accordance with the rise in childhood obesity. Early identification and management of elevated blood pressure in the pediatric population are important to decrease the risks of end-organ damage and mortality in the pediatric and adult population. Using a discriminant analysis study of children, we sought to construct a predictive model of individuals who are at a higher risk factor of the occurrence of arterial hypertension in childhood.

Design and method:
The complex of genetic, environmental and biological risk factors were analyzed on a test sample of 75 subjects (49 patients with essential hypertension and 26 normotensive children). Linear discriminant analysis was used to generate a predictive model. The accuracy of our prognostic model was defined in another group of patients (n = 10).

Results:
Seventeen variables were found to be predictive of early onset of arterial hypertension in children. Stepwise discriminant analysis revealed that the overweight and obesity (Wilks Lambda = 0.552; F = 53.895; P < 0.001), the familial tendency to high blood pressure (Wilks Lambda = 0.352; F = 14.445; P < 0.001), the individual accumulation of risk factors (Wilks Lambda = 0.333; F = 10.654; P = 0.001), low weight at birth (Wilks Lambda = 0.351; F = 14.319; P < 0.001) and living in poor socioeconomic conditions (Wilks Lambda = 0.350; F = 14.045; P < 0.001) were the strongest discriminators in the model. The ‘low-risk’ persons could be distinguished from the ‘high-risk’ individuals with an almost 97% correctness. The model of prognosis was tested on the control group. The accuracy of prognosis was 90%, with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 80%.

Conclusions:
A personalized prognostic model makes it possible to predict the early onset of arterial hypertension in children. This reliable method for identification of the subset of the pediatric population predisposed to arterial hypertension would aid a targeted implementation of intervention strategies.
IMPACT OF 2017 AAP AND 2016 ESH GUIDELINES ON PAEDIATRIC HYPERTENSION PREVALENCE
Authors: Fanelli Elvira , Di Monaco Silvia , Pappaccogli Marco , Eula Elisabetta , Fasano Chiara , Masera Guglielmo , Rabbone Ivana , Rabbia Franco , Veglio Franco 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective:
2016 European Society Hypertension (ESH) and 2017 American Academy of Paediatrics (AAP) guidelines on hypertension in children and adolescents substantially diverge, for the first time, in the definition of hypertension. The aim of this study was to retrospectively assess the impact of the two different guidelines on prevalence of high blood pressure in a population of obese and normal-weight children and adolescents.

Design and method:
This study included an historical cohort of 624 subjects in age range 2–18 years, among referred to Paediatric Endocrinology Division and Hypertension Centre. They had previously undergone a blood pressure and anthropometric parameters measurement. Subjects were classified in normotensive, pre-hypertensive or hypertensive on the base of the latest ESH and AAP guidelines. Weight, height and body mass index (BMI) percentiles were considered according to age and gender. Subgroups by gender, BMI, age range were examined.

Results:
Mean age was 12 ± 3 years, with male accounting for 59% of population. According to 2017 AAP guidelines cut-offs, 204 subjects (32,7%) were hypertensive, while only 110 subjects (17,6%) were hypertensive according the 2016 ESH definition, with a statistical significance of difference observed (p < 0,01). A higher proportion of hypertensive subjects when applied AAP nomograms was observed in all different subgroups for age, sex and BMI. However, the greater disagreement in the two classification was observed in aged less than 16 years of age and normal-weight subjects.

Conclusions:
AAP and ESH BP guidelines implies significant differences in BP classification in children and adolescent: with AAP nomograms application, excluding overweight subjects, a higher proportion of subjects were, and in the future will be, classified as hypertensive in all categories group.
ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR - NEPRILYSIN INHIBITION IS SUPERIOR TO ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR INHIBITION ALONE FOR THE TREATMENT OF SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION IN FEMALE SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS
Authors: Zhuang Chenchen , Wang Qiongying , Mou Yuping , Yu Jing 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective:
We investigate the effect of angiotensin receptor - neprilysin inhibition on sexual dysfunction (SD) for female SHR rats.

Design and method:
A total of 50 female SHR rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 10/group): Wistar rats (no medication); SHR rats (no medication); Valsartan (30 mg/kg/day p.o.); Sacubitril / valsartan (SAC/VAL) (60 mg/kg/day p.o.); SAC/VAL + A799 (100ng/kg/day i.v.). The blood pressure was measured before intervention and after 1-month intervention. Vaginal smears were performed and examined daily via light microscopy for determination of the stage of each rat's estrous cycle. Paced mating behavior is observed in nighttime, including number of mounts, intromissions, smelling female vagina, and rejection by kicking male rats.

Results:
Blood pressure in SHR rats received SAC/VAL was obviously lower than SHR rats without intervention, but similar to valsartan. The different cell populations across the cycle were improved in SAC/VAL, and worse in SHR rats without intervention. The numbers of mounts, intromissions, smelling and kicking male rats for rejection were significantly superior to Valsartan and SHR without intervention, and the difference was significant statistic.

Conclusions:
SAC/VAL is a novel drug of angiotensin receptor - neprilysin inhibition to improve blood pressure and SD.