bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of bunch maturation and chemical precursors on acrylamide formation in starchy banana chips
Authors: Udomkun Patchimaporn , Swennen Rony , Masso Cargele , Innawong Bhundit , Fotso Kuate Apollin , Alakonya Amos , Vanlauwe Bernard 
Published: July 2021

SummaryThe present study investigated the effect of ripening stages and chemical precursors on acrylamide formation in deep‐fried chips of five plantains and one cooking banana. The highest level of acrylamide was found in the cooking banana, followed by False Horn plantain and French plantain, respectively. French plantain hybrids exhibited a significantly lower (P < 0.05) level of acrylamide when compared to French plantain. The ripening stage demonstrated a positive Pearson correlation (P < 0.05, r = 0.57) with acrylamide formation. As ripening progressed, the levels of glucose and fructose significantly increased (P < 0.05) and showed a positive correlation with acrylamide formation (r = 0.85 and 0.96, respectively). The level of the amino acid asparagine during ripening was not correlated with acrylamide formation. In contrast, the level of histidine, arginine, iso‐leucine and cystine during ripening was positively correlated (P < 0.05, r > 0.60) with acrylamide formation in fried chips. The higher level of TP was significantly related (P < 0.05) to the lower level of acrylamide (r = −0.62). The reduced levels of carotenoid isomers, except lutein, during fruit ripening were positively correlated (P < 0.05) with acrylamide formation, especially trans‐BC (r = 0.72) and 9‐cis‐BC(r = 0.64).
Origin and transit migration of Afghans and Syrians to Germany: The influential actors and factors behind the destination choice
Authors: Torfa Masooma , Almohamed Salwa , Birner Regina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe use Process Net‐Maps to visualize the irregular migration patterns of refugees and identify influential actors/factors shaping their decisions. A qualitative case study was used that included 87 Afghan and Syrian refugees (52 individual in‐depth interviews and 35 participants in five focus group discussions) residing in Stuttgart, Germany. Results show a typical pattern for respondents to first migrate to a neighboring country, and then a mixture of decisive factors induce them to migrate onward. The perspective of refugees in the destination country covers the migration processes between transit and destination countries which is vital information for the stakeholders in international migration management, and policy developments on asylum migration, integration and repatriation.
Strengthening boron carbide by doping Si into grain boundaries
Authors: Shen Yidi , Yang Moon Young , Goddard William A. , An Qi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGrain boundaries, ubiquitous in real materials, play an important role in the mechanical properties of ceramics. Using boron carbide as a typical superhard but brittle material under hypervelocity impact, we report atomistic reactive molecular dynamics simulations using the ReaxFF reactive force field fitted to quantum mechanics to examine grain‐boundary engineering strategies aimed at improving the mechanical properties. In particular, we examine the dynamical mechanical response of two grain‐boundary models with or without doped Si as a function of finite shear deformation. Our simulations show that doping Si into the grain boundary significantly increases the shear strength and stress threshold for amorphization and failure for both grain‐boundary structures. These results provide validation of our suggestions that Si doping provides a promising approach to mitigate amorphous band formation and failure in superhard boron carbide.
Life Interrupted: Experiences of adolescents, young adults and their family living with malignant melanoma
Authors: McInally Wendy , Gray‐Brunton Carol , Chouliara Zoe , Kyle Richard G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimMelanoma is one of the most common human malignancies; yet, it is often thought of as a disease of adulthood rather than one affecting adolescents and young adults. This study sought to understand the experiences of adolescents, young adults and their family living with malignant melanoma.DesignA qualitative study using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis, through a multi‐perspective design.MethodsData collection was conducted between January and August 2018 in each participant's Primary Care Centre when they were attending for an outpatient appointment. Each young person and a nominated family member were interviewed (n = 10) either individually (n = 4) or as a dyad (n = 6) according to their personal choice. In‐depth semi‐structured interviews were conducted and audio‐recorded with the participant's consent. Interview data were transcribed verbatim and analysed.FindingsThe metanarrative ‘Life Interrupted’ was the core conceptual thread woven throughout the findings. It represents the interconnections and interrelationships between the adolescent or young adult and their family. Being able to recognize the disease and seek support was challenging with often limited physical, emotional or social support resulting in feelings of fear and isolation. Four super‐ordinate themes were identified: (a) ‘Is it Serious’, (b) ‘Too Much too Young’, (c) ‘Not the Same’ and (d) ‘Time to Live’.ConclusionsWith the rising incidence of MM in the adolescents and young adults population globally, there are demands to improve healthcare professionals and nurse's knowledge and understanding of MM. As young people with MM experience their journey outside specialist cancer services, the care delivery for this patient group and their families require stronger links between services.ImpactThis study will inform the improvement of care delivery for MM in order that this patient group is provided with the same access to service delivery as other adolescents and young adults with cancer.
Being an older nurse or midwife in the healthcare workplace– A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Denton Julie , Evans David , Xu Qunyan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimTo explore the experiences of being an older nurse or midwife employed in the healthcare workplace.DesignA qualitative descriptive study.MethodSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with nurses and midwives who self‐identified as older workers. All Australian states were represented and given recruitment was undertaken nationally, most interviews were conducted via telephone. Data were collected between November 2018 and October 2019. Audio recordings were transcribed verbatim and then thematically analysed.ResultsA total of 50 nurses and midwives were recruited, aged between 46 and 74 years. Three themes were identified. Ageing body: Being an older worker meant increased fatigue and physical changes affecting their ability to function at full capacity. Youth focus: For many, being an older worker was about being viewed as a poor‐quality worker, with limited access to education and promotional opportunities because of their age. Wise worker: For a small number of older nurses and midwives, it was about being valued and respected for their knowledge, experience and skills.ConclusionParticipants self‐identifying as older nurses or midwives represented a wide age range. Spanning across the age spectrum, many experienced fatigue, physical changes or loss of value to the workplace which often impacted on their working lives. The findings contributed to an understanding about what it is to be an older nurse or midwife in terms of how their contribution is regarded and valued by others in the workplace.ImpactThis study highlighted there is a need for support of older nurses and midwives in managing age‐related fatigue and physical changes. It also suggests consideration of a wise‐worker model as a means to recognize the important contribution that older workers can offer.
Late dislodgement of left bundle branch pacing lead and successful extraction
Authors: Ponnusamy Shunmuga Sundaram , Vijayaraman Pugazhendhi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA 61‐years‐old male underwent left bundle branch pacing for nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy with recurrent heart failure. Left bundle branch pacing (LBBP) resulted in reduction in QRS duration along with improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) to 64% during follow‐up. Two years after implantation he had recurrence of symptoms along with decline in LVEF to 51%. Late lead dislodgement was diagnosed and re‐do LBBP was planned. The lead was extracted en‐masse without complication and a new 3830 lead was positioned deep inside the proximal septum to capture the left bundle. Postprocedure echocardiography showed no ventricular septal defect or damage to tricuspid leaflet.
When amputation is not the end of the challenge: A successful therapy for osteomyelitis and soft tissue infection in a patient with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Caruso Paola , Gicchino Maurizio , Longo Miriam , Scappaticcio Lorenzo , Campitiello Ferdinando , Esposito Katherine 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInfection is a common complication in patients with diabetic foot ulcer, leading to lower extremities amputation and healing failure. In this article, we report the case of a 39‐year‐old man with diabetes who developed a severe soft tissue infection and osteomyelitis after experiencing a major amputation for wet gangrene of both the foot and the ankle.
Mitochondrial haplogroups have a better correlation to insulin requirement than nuclear genetic variants for type 2 diabetes mellitus in Taiwanese individuals
Authors: Shen Feng‐Chih , Weng Shao‐Wen , Tsai Meng‐Han , Su Yu‐Jih , Li Sung‐Chou , Chang Shun‐Jen , Chen Jung‐Fu , Chang Yen‐Hsiang , Liou Chia‐Wei , Lin Tsu‐Kung , Chuang Jiin‐Haur , Lin Ching‐Yi , Wang Pei‐Wen 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionIdentifying diabetes‐susceptible genetic variants will help to provide personalized therapy for the management of type 2 diabetes. Previous studies have reported a genetic risk score (GRS), computed by the sum of nuclear DNA (nDNA) risk alleles, that may predict the future requirement for insulin therapy. Although mitochondrial dysfunction has a close association with insulin resistance (IR), there are few studies investigating whether genetic variants of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) will affect the clinical characteristics of type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsMitochondrial haplogroups were determined using mtDNA whole genome next generation sequencing and 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in nDNA susceptibility loci of 13 genes in 604 Taiwanese subjects with type 2 diabetes. A GRS of nDNA was computed by summation of the number of risk alleles. The correlation between the mtDNA haplogroup and the clinical characteristics of type 2 diabetes was assessed by logistic regression analysis. The results were compared with the GRS subgroups for the risk of insulin requirement.ResultsMitochondrial haplogroups modulate the clinical characteristics of type 2 diabetes, in which patients harboring haplogroup D4, compared with those harboring non‐D4 haplotypes, were less prone to require insulin treatment, after adjusting for age, gender, and diabetes duration. However, there was no association between insulin requirement and GRS calculated from nuclear genetic variants.ConclusionsMitochondrial haplogroups, but not nuclear genetic variants, have a better association with the insulin requirement. The results highlight the role of mitochondria in the management of common metabolic diseases.
A comprehensive biochemical characterization of settlement stage leptocephalus larvae of bonefish (Albula vulpes)
Authors: Uribe Victoria , Wills Paul S. , Shenker Jon M. , Adams Aaron J. , Mejri Sahar 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTLittle is known about early development of the near‐threatened bonefish (Albula vulpes), a member of superorder Elopomorpha. Members of Elopomorpha are partially defined by their synapomorphic leptocephalus larval stage, for which the nutritional requirements are not well understood. Characterizing the nutritional profile, including major nutrients (such as lipids) used for energetic processes, can help to gain a better understanding of the nutritional requirements for leptocephalus larvae. A total of 24 settlement stage A. vulpes leptocephalus larvae were collected at Long Caye Island, Belize. Samples were used to determine various biochemical characteristics including lipid class, fatty acid and glycosaminoglycan compositions. Each of these biochemical components plays a role in early developmental processes such as cellular membrane formation and is crucial for healthy development. Biochemical characteristics of settlement stage A. vulpes leptocephalus are presented in this study for the first time. The dominant lipid classes and fatty acids detected in these samples were consistent with prior studies using closely related species like the Japanese eel, indicating possible similarities in diets at this stage. In the future, similar analyses can be applied to other species that share the leptocephalus life stage to determine if nutritional requirements at this stage of development are unique to this species. The findings in this study will also help to facilitate the establishment of adequate aquaculture systems for captive bonefish, ultimately leading to improved management strategies for wild bonefish habitats.
Enhancing knowledge on low‐value fishing species: the distinct reproductive strategy of two gurnard species
Authors: Neves Ana , Sousa Inês , Sequeira Vera , Vieira Ana Rita , Silva Elisabete , Silva Frederica , Duarte Ana Marta , Mendes Susana , Ganhão Rui , Assis Carlos , Rebelo Rui , Magalhães Maria Filomena , Gil Maria Manuel , Gordo Leonel Serrano 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTThe depletion and overexploitation of several fish stock demands for a valorisation of non‐target and discarded species. Nonetheless, such species are often poorly studied, and information on their biological parameters must be gathered for effective population management. For 1 year, the reproductive strategy of the piper gurnard Trigla lyra and the red gurnard Chelidonichthys cuculus was studied by monthly samples obtained from commercial boats operating on western Portuguese coast. Both species showed a biased sex ratio towards females, especially for larger length classes. Length at first maturity could be estimated only for red gurnard (22.1 and 19.9 cm for females and males, respectively) because all piper gurnard individuals caught were mature. Piper gurnard showed determinate fecundity and a short spawning season, from November to February with a peak in January, whereas red gurnard showed indeterminate fecundity and a wide spawning season, from late December to May. The relative annual fecundity estimated for red gurnard (1893 ± 728 oocytes × g−1 eviscerated weight [EW]) was higher than the one estimated for piper gurnard (1018 ± 250 oocytes×g−1 EW). Although important information for understanding the species dynamics is presented in this study, additional information on other life‐history parameters and of species landings is required.
Impact of dementia: Health disparities, population trends, care interventions, and economic costs
Authors: Aranda María P. , Kremer Ian N. , Hinton Ladson , Zissimopoulos Julie , Whitmer Rachel A. , Hummel Cynthia Huling , Trejo Laura , Fabius Chanee 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe dementia experience is not a monolithic phenomenon—and while core elements of dementia are considered universal—people living with dementia experience the disorder differently. Understanding the patterning of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) in the population with regards to incidence, risk factors, impacts on dementia care, and economic costs associated with ADRD can provide clues to target risk and protective factors for all populations as well as addressing health disparities.MethodsWe discuss information presented at the 2020 National Research Summit on Care, Services, and Supports for Persons with Dementia and Their Caregivers, Theme 1: Impact of Dementia. In this article, we describe select population trends, care interventions, and economic impacts, health disparities and implications for future research from the perspective of our diverse panel comprised of academic stakeholders, and persons living with dementia, and care partners.ResultsDementia incidence is decreasing yet the advances in population health are uneven. Studies examining the educational, geographic and race/ethnic distribution of ADRD have identified clear disparities. Disparities in health and healthcare may be amplified by significant gaps in the evidence base for pharmacological and non‐pharmacological interventions. The economic costs for persons living with dementia and the value of family care partners' time are high, and may persist into future generations.ConclusionsSignificant research gaps remain. Ensuring that ADRD healthcare services and long‐term care services and supports are accessible, affordable, and effective for all segments of our population is essential for health equity. Policy‐level interventions are in short supply to redress broad unmet needs and systemic sources of disparities. Whole of society challenges demand research producing whole of society solutions. The urgency, complexity, and scale merit a “whole of government” approach involving collaboration across numerous federal agencies.
Antecedent infections inGuillain‐Barrésyndrome patients from south India
Authors: Dutta Debprasad , Debnath Monojit , Nagappa Madhu , Das Sumit Kumar , Wahatule Rahul , Sinha Sanjib , Taly Arun B. , Ravi Vasanthapuram 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGuillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) is the commonest post‐infectious inflammatory peripheral neuropathy with undiscerned aetiology. The commonly reported antecedent infections implicated in India includeCampylobacter jejuni, chikungunya, dengue, and Japanese encephalitis (JE). In this study from south India, we investigated the role of these four agents in triggering GBS. This case‐control study was performed on 150 treatment‐naive patients with GBS and 150 age and sex‐matched controls from the same community. IgM immunoreactivity forC. jejuni, chikungunya, and dengue was detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in serum of patients with GBS and control subjects. Immunoreactivity against JE was detected in serum as well as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients (n = 150) and orthopaedic control (n = 45) subjects. The immunoreactivity against infections was compared between demyelinating and axonal subtypes of GBS. Overall, 119/150 patients with GBS had serological evidence of antecedent infection. Amongst those with evidence of antecedent infection, 24 (16%), 8 (5%), and 9 (6%) patients were exclusively immunoreactive to chikungunya, JE, andC. jejuni, respectively. In the remaining patients (78/119), immunoreactivity to multiple pathogens was noted. Immunoreactivity toC. jejuniinfection was found in 32% of GBS patients compared to 2.7% controls (P < .001), whereas to chikungunya virus was reported in 66.7% of patients with GBS compared to 44.7% controls (P = .006). Anti‐dengue immunoreactivity was significantly associated with the demyelinating subtype of GBS. Patients positive for JE IgM (CSF) manifested demyelinating electrophysiology. In this large case‐control study, immunoreactivity against multiple infectious agents was observed in a subset of patients. Chikungunya was the commonest antecedent infection, followed byC. jejuni.
Changes in the avascular area of the meniscus using mesenchymal stem cells and growth plate chondrocytes in a pig model
Authors: Tomaszewski Ryszard , Rost‐Roszkowska Magdalena , Wilczek Grażyna , Gap Artur , Wiktor Łukasz 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMenisci are wedge‐shaped cartilage discs that are divided into two parts: the avascular and vascular regions. They are formed by fibrocartilage tissue, which contains round cartilage‐like cells and extracellular matrix. Meniscus injury in animals is a common orthopedic problem, but data on the natural healing process mainly deals with the vascular zone. The healing processes in the avascular zone of the meniscus are significantly limited. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate autologous growth plate chondrocytes' impact on the healing process of a damaged meniscus in the avascular zone based on a growing animal model. The study group consisted of 10 pigs at about three months of age. From each animal, chondrocytes from the iliac growth plate and from concentrated bone marrow were taken. Knee joints were divided into right (R) and left (L). The medial meniscus of the R knee joint was treated with a hyaluronic acid based scaffold incubated with bone marrow cells from marrow aspirates (nCHON). The medial meniscus of the L knee joint was treated with a hyaluronic acid based scaffold incubated with bone marrow cells from marrow aspirates supplemented with immature chondrocytes isolated from growth plates (wCHON). The meniscus was damaged in the avascular zone in both knee joints. Followingly, the damaged part of the meniscus was filled with a scaffold with cells from the concentrated bone marrow and from growth plate chondrocytes. In the control group, a scaffold with concentrated bone marrow cells was used. After three months the animals were euthanized and preparations (microscopic slides) were made from the meniscus' damaged part. A qualitative and quantitative analysis have been prepared. The wCHON group in comparison with the nCHON group showed a statistically significantly higher number of fusiform cells on the surface of the graft as well as better healing of the graft. In addition, the degree of vascularization was higher in specimens from the wCHON group than in the nCHON group. The results of our research on immature pig knees revealed that mesenchymal stem cell and growth plate chondrocytes could be treated as the cell source for meniscus reconstruction, and growth plate chondrocytes enhance healing processes in the avascular zone of the injured meniscus.
Target‐Specific Sandwich Technique: Facial rejuvenation leveraging CPM technology
Authors: Lim Tingsong , Frank Konstantin , Hadjab Basste 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInjectable rejuvenation treatments used in Caucasians might not always suit Asians as the visible signs of aging manifest differently, underscoring a need for Asian‐specific strategies that correct underlying structural deficiencies and cumulative age‐related changes. The presented Target‐Specific Sandwich Technique (TSST) aims to simultaneously restore, rejuvenate, and enhance faces through the distribution of minute amounts of different fillers with different rheologies, using a minimal number of entry points in strategic facial areas and different soft tissue layers in Asians.A total of 14 patients underwent the presented TSST and were subsequently assessed for satisfaction with the treatment and the outcome of the treatment.With 3 cc of fillers, patients experienced a rejuvenated appearance with brow support, brow ridge softening, less severe nasolabial folds, and corrected tear trough hollows. Fillers in the lateral canthal and mandibular angles lifted mouth corners, improved submandibular jowls, and defined the lower face. Although the prejowl sulcus received minimal filler, it appeared subtler, relaxed, and had fewer lines visible while smiling.Overall, patients appeared less tense, rejuvenated, and had improved light reflection and firmer skin. These were due to tissues being supported upward and laterally by fillers in areas of bone resorption–induced volume loss.