bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corneal higher-order aberrations after cataract surgery: Manual phacoemulsification versus femtosecond-laser assisted technique
Authors: Pohlmann Dominika , Pilger Daniel , Bertelmann Eckart , von Sonnleithner Christoph 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: To compare and evaluate corneal higher-order aberrations (c-HOA) between conventional manual phacoemulsification (Phaco), femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS), and femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery with astigmatic keratotomy (FSAK). Methods: In this retrospective single center study, 53 healthy individuals with cataract (73 eyes) underwent phacoemulsification with implantation of an intraocular lens. Three groups were formed: group A, Phaco ( n = 27 eyes of 21 patients); group B, FLACS ( n = 25 eyes of 15 patients); group C, FSAK ( n = 21 eyes of 17 patients). An iTrace aberrometer (Tracey Technologies, Houston, TX, USA) was used to perform aberrometry with a pupil scan size of 5.0 mm. We used ANOVA analysis and the paired sample t-test for statistical analysis. Results: There was no difference in total c-HOA between the groups prior to surgery ( F(2,66) = 2.2, p = 0.128), but some evidence for a difference between the groups after surgery (F(2,65) = 3.87, p = 0.025). After surgery, total c-HOA increased in all groups, but the greatest increase occurred FSAK. Conclusion: Manual phacoemulsification and femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery seem to have less impact on corneal higher-order aberrations than the combination of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery with astigmatic keratotomy.
Congenital primary primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the orbit in a newborn
Authors: Kasturi Nirupama , Sarkar Sandip , Gokhale Tanmay , Kaliaperumal Subashini , Ch Toi Pampa , Ramamoorthy Jaikumar Govindaswamy , Peruri Guru Prasad 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Primitive neuroectodermal tumors arise from the progenitor cells of the neural crest, in the central nervous system or other peripheral locations. Case presentation: We report a rare case of a congenital malignant tumor, diagnosed as a primary orbital primitive neuroectodermal tumor on histopathological examination. Conclusion: Multidisciplinary management with adjuvant chemotherapy needed for the management of these cases.
Human Resource Development Before, During, and After Military Leave
Authors: Sweet Kenneth M. , Black Stephanie L. 
Published: January 2021

The Problem Many organizations are ill-equipped to mitigate the talent management challenges associated with extended leave for military reservists. Today, reservists take more long-term leave from civilian employment than at any point in modern history, due to more frequent and longer periods of active service resulting from persistent conflict. Yet, there is a lack of research on managing the dual careers of military reservists, and limited guidance is available for human resource development (HRD) professionals. The Solution We propose that opportunity exists in the effective career management of reservists, who receive extensive military training. This article draws on inclusivity research to provide a model for managing the HRD aspects of extended military leave. Rather than focusing on the compliance aspects of military leave, we believe organizations can increase the performance, commitment, and career progression of reservists to better capitalize on the skills and competencies gained through military service. The Stakeholders This article offers practitioners of HRD and HRM insights into building inclusive organizations for military reservists. Implications may also be of interest to scholars of military psychology, military reservists, and military-connected employees.
Circulating tumor cells: A surrogate to predict the effect of treatment and overall survival in gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhu Yinxing , Chen Nan , Chen Manman , Cui Xiaowen , Yang Han , Zhu Xuedan , Dai Jiali , Gong Yang , Gu Dongying , Huo Xinying , Huang Huanhuan , Tang Cuiju 
Published: January 2021

Background: Circulating tumor cells and serum tumor markers have been found significant in predicting outcome for several malignancies. However, their role in gastric cancer is not fully clarified. We conducted a retrospective study to explore the prognostic value of circulating tumor cells and their applicability in assessing the treatment efficacy in gastric cancers. Methods: From September 2015 to December 2018, 116 patients with newly pathologically diagnosed gastric adenocarcinoma were enrolled. At both baseline and two courses after chemotherapy, the data of circulating tumor cells and serum tumor markers, such as CEA, CA72-4, CA19-9, CA50, and CA242, were collected. The relationships between the change trend of circulating tumor cells and the treatment efficacy were analyzed after chemotherapy, with a paired t-test. Univariate and multivariable analysis were used to find prognostic factors for overall survival (OS). Results: We found there is a significant difference between the circulating tumor cells-positive and circulating tumor cells-negative before and after therapy (mOS 12.6 vs. 31.6 months, P<0.001; mOS 12.4 vs. 24.2 months, P=0.002), respectively. Also, differentiation, pre-therapeutic circulating tumor cells and therapeutic response were independent predictors of overall survival. Following two courses of chemotherapy, the number of circulating tumor cells increased obviously in the progressive disease group ( P=0.002), while they decreased in the non-progressive disease group ( P=0.02). Thus, the change in the circulating tumor cells count had a close association with the therapeutic response ( P=0.004). Conclusion: Generally, circulating tumor cells provide a novel tool to evaluate the outcomes of gastric cancer patients. Since the change of circulating tumor cells was highly related to treatment response, it may be an auxiliary to assess the effect of chemotherapy, leading an earlier adjustment of following regimens.
Restoration of the Posterior Glenoid in Recurrent Posterior Shoulder Instability Using an Arthroscopically Placed Iliac Crest Bone Graft: A Computed Tomography–Based Analysis
Authors: Camenzind Roland S. , Gossing Louis , Martin Becerra Javier , Ernstbrunner Lukas , Serane-Fresnel Julien , Lafosse Laurent 
Published: January 2021

Background: Posterior shoulder instability is uncommon, and its treatment is a challenging problem. An arthroscopically assisted technique for posterior iliac crest bone grafting (ICBG) has shown promising short- and long-term clinical results. Changes as shown on imaging scans after posterior ICBG for posterior shoulder instability have not been investigated in the recent literature. Purpose: To evaluate changes on computed tomography (CT) after arthroscopically assisted posterior ICBG and to assess clinical outcomes. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Patients with preoperative CT scans and at least 2 postoperative CT scans with a minimum follow-up of 2 years were included in the evaluation. Of 49 initial patients, 17 (follow-up rate, 35%) met the inclusion criteria and were available for follow-up. We measured the glenoid version angle and the glenohumeral and scapulohumeral indices on the preoperative CT scans and compared them with measurements on the postoperative CT scans. Postoperatively, graft surface, resorption, and defect coverage were measured and compared with those at early follow-up (within 16 months) and final follow-up (mean ± SD, 6.6 ± 2.8 years). Results: The mean preoperative glenoid version was –17° ± 13.5°, which was corrected to –9.9° ± 11.9° at final follow-up ( P < .001). The humeral head was able to be recentered and reached normal values as indicated by the glenohumeral index (51.8% ± 6%; P = .042) and scapulohumeral index (59.6% ± 10.2%; P < .001) at final follow-up. Graft surface area decreased over the follow-up period, from 24% ± 9% of the glenoid surface at early follow-up to 17% ± 10% at final follow-up ( P < .001). All clinical outcome scores had improved significantly. Progression of osteoarthritis was observed in 47% of the shoulders. Conclusion: Arthroscopically assisted posterior ICBG restored reliable parameters as shown on CT scans, especially glenoid version and the posterior subluxation indices. Graft resorption was common and could be observed in all shoulders. Patient-reported clinical outcome scores were improved. Osteoarthritis progression in almost 50% of patients is concerning for the long-term success of this procedure.
High-flow therapy: physiological effects and clinical applications
Authors: D'Cruz Rebecca F. , Hart Nicholas , Kaltsakas Georgios 
Published: January 2021

Humidified high-flow therapy (HFT) is a noninvasive respiratory therapy, typically delivered through a nasal cannula interface, which delivers a stable fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) at flow rates of up to 60 L·min−1. It is well-tolerated, simple to set up and ideally applied at 37°C to permit optimal humidification of inspired gas. Flow rate andFIO2should be selected based on patients' inspiratory effort and severity of hypoxaemia. HFT yields beneficial physiological effects, including improved mucociliary clearance, enhanced dead space washout and optimisation of pulmonary mechanics. Robust evidence supports its application in the critical care setting (treatment of acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure and prevention of post-extubation respiratory failure) and emerging data supports HFT use during bronchoscopy, intubation and breaks from noninvasive ventilation or continuous positive airway pressure. There are limited data on HFT use in patients with hypercapnic respiratory failure, as an adjunct to pulmonary rehabilitation and in the palliative care setting, and further research is needed to validate the findings of small studies. The COVID-19 pandemic raises questions regarding HFT efficacy in COVID-19-related hypoxaemic respiratory failure and concerns regarding aerosolisation of respiratory droplets. Clinical trials are ongoing and healthcare professionals should implement strict precautions to mitigate the risk of nosocomial transmission.Educational aimsProvide a practical guide to HFT setup and delivery.Outline the physiological effects of HFT on the respiratory system.Describe clinical applications of HFT in adult respiratory and critical care medicine and evaluate the supporting evidence.Discuss application of HFT in COVID-19 and aerosolisation of respiratory droplets.
Research on the fate of polymeric nanoparticles in the process of the intestinal absorption based on model nanoparticles with various characteristics: size, surface charge and pro-hydrophobics
Authors: Guo Shiqi , Liang Yanzi , Liu Lanze , Yin Miaomiao , Wang Aiping , Sun Kaoxiang , Li Youxin , Shi Yanan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
The use of drug nanocarriers to encapsulate drugs for oral administration may become an important strategy in addressing the challenging oral absorption of some drugs. In this study—with the premise of controlling single variables—we prepared model nanoparticles with different particle sizes, surface charges, and surface hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity. The two key stages of intestinal nanoparticles (NPs) absorption—the intestinal mucus layer penetration stage and the trans-intestinal epithelial cell stage—were decoupled and analyzed. The intestinal absorption of each group of model NPs was then investigated.

Results
Differences in the behavioral trends of NPs in each stage of intestinal absorption were found to result from differences in particle properties. Small size, low-magnitude negative charge, and moderate hydrophilicity helped NPs pass through the small intestinal mucus layer more easily. Once through the mucus layer, an appropriate size, positive surface charge, and hydrophobic properties helped NPs complete the process of transintestinal epithelial cell transport.

Conclusions
To achieve high drug bioavailability, the basic properties of the delivery system must be suitable for overcoming the physiological barrier of the gastrointestinal tract.
Erythropoietin-derived peptide treatment reduced neurological deficit and neuropathological changes in a mouse model of tauopathy
Authors: Choi Yun-Beom , Dunn-Meynell Ambrose A. , Marchese Michelle , Blumberg Benjamin M. , Gaindh Deeya , Dowling Peter C. , Lu Wei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Prominent activation of microglial immune/inflammatory processes is a characteristic feature of brains of patients with tauopathies including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), suggesting that neuroinflammation may be a critical factor in their pathogenesis. Strategies aimed at developing new therapeutics for tauopathies based on anti-inflammation or immunomodulation are likely to be promising avenues of research. We previously developed JM4—a 19’mer cyclic peptide derived from the first loop of human erythropoietin. This peptide possesses beneficial immune modulatory and tissue protective effects while lacking the undesirable side effects of full-length erythropoietin. In this preclinical study, we investigated the effect of chronic JM4 treatment on the PS19 mouse that carries the P301S mutant human tau gene, linked to a form of frontotemporal dementia. This transgenic mouse has been widely used as a model of tauopathies including AD and related dementias.

Methods
Daily subcutaneous treatment of female PS19 mice with JM4 was initiated before disease onset and continued on for the animals’ lifespan. The progression of neurological deficit and the lifespan of these mice were assessed. To evaluate the effect of JM4 treatment on cognition of these animals, the PS19 mice underwent Barnes maze test and elevated plus maze test. In addition, neuronal loss, phosphorylated tau aggregation, and microglial activation were assessed using immunohistochemistry of PS19 mouse brain sections.

Results
JM4 treatment of PS19 mice initiated before disease onset reduced neurological deficit, prolonged lifespan, and rescued memory impairment. The beneficial effects of JM4 were accompanied by reductions in neuronal loss, phosphorylated tau aggregation, and microglial activation in the PS19 mouse brain.

Limitations
Use of a single dose of JM4 and female mice only.

Conclusion
JM4 is a potential novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of tauopathies including AD and related dementias.
Assessing the genetic impact of Enterococcus faecalis infection on gastric cell line MKN74
Authors: Turk Seyhan , Turk Can , Temirci Elif Sena , Malkan Umit Yavuz , Ucar Gulberk , Ozguven Sukru Volkan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurposeEnterococcus faecalis(E. faecalis) is an important commensal microbiota member of the human gastrointestinal tract. It has been shown in many studies that infection rates withE. faecalisin gastric cancer significantly increase. It has been scientifically proven that some infections develop during the progression of cancer, but it is still unclear whether this infection factor is beneficial (reduction in metastasis) or harmful (increase in proliferation, invasion, stem cell-like phenotype) of the host. These opposed data can significantly contribute to the understanding of cancer progress when analyzed in detail.MethodsThe gene expression data were retrieved from Array Express (E-MEXP-3496). Variance,ttest and linear regression analysis, hierarchical clustering, network, and pathway analysis were performed.ResultsIn this study, we identified altered genes involved inE. faecalisinfection in the gastric cell line MKN74 and the relevant pathways to understand whether the infection slows down cancer progression. Twelve genes corresponding 15 probe sets were downregulated following the live infection of gastric cancer cells withE. faecalis. We identified a network between these genes and pathways they belong to. Pathway analysis showed that these genes are mostly associated with cancer cell proliferation.ConclusionNDC80, NCAPG, CENPA, KIF23, BUB1B, BUB1, CASC5, KIF2C, CENPF, SPC25, SMC4, and KIF20A genes were found to be associated with gastric cancer pathogenesis. Almost all of these genes are effective in the proliferation of cancer cells, especially during the infection process. Therefore, it is hypothesized that downregulation of these genes may affect gastric cancer pathogenesis by reducing cell proliferation. And, it is predicted thatE. faecalisinfection may be an important factor for gastric cancer.
Ovarian mature cystic teratoma with malignant transformation: two case reports
Authors: Tehranian Afsaneh , Ghahghaei-Nezamabadi Akram , Seifollahi Akram , Kasraei Sara , Dehghani-Nejad Hamideh , Maleki-Hajiagha Arezoo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Mature Cystic Teratoma (MCT) is a benign tumor that can lead to malignant transformation (MT) in 1–3% of cases. Management of MT is a big challenge for gynecologic oncologists due to the lack of specific diagnostic and treatment protocols.

Case presentation
We reported two Iranian cases of MT of MCT with two different stages and prognosis. Our both cases presented the same symptoms, including chronic abdominal pain and distention, loss of appetite, and weight loss. In case number 1, despite the large size of the tumor, the disease was at stage Ia and had a good prognosis; while, case number 2 was at stage IIIc of the disease with a poor prognosis.

Conclusion
The stage of the disease is the most important prognostic factor, and early diagnosis and treatment are very critical for better survival.
Herd dynamics, production and marketing constraints in the commercialization of cattle across Nguni Cattle Project beneficiaries in Eastern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Malusi N. , Falowo A. B. , Idamokoro E. M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the challenges restricting the commercialization of cattle across Nguni Cattle Project beneficiaries in South Africa. Data were collected from one hundred and twenty (120) Nguni cattle beneficiaries using a structured questionnaire across six district municipalities of the Eastern Cape Province. Results revealed that majority of Nguni cattle beneficiaries were males, were above 60 years old, and have received formal training in livestock farming. Most of the beneficiaries reared cattle with other livestock species, with 45% owned non-descript breeds, 33% Nguni and 22% other breeds such as Bonsmara and Brahman. About 79.2% of the beneficiaries practised continuous grazing while 52.5% give their cattle supplements, with most commonly (48%) using rivers as the source of water. Most beneficiaries (38.4%) reported diseases as main production constraints, followed by stock theft (27.5%) and feed shortages (22.5%). Furthermore, results showed that 80.8% of beneficiaries market one to 10 cattle per year, 64.8% adult cattle (2+ years old) and 35.2% weaners (8 months to 1 year). Most beneficiaries (78.7%) used private marketing channels to sell their animals, while 4.3% used abattoirs. Factors identified as the main market constraints included low cattle numbers (41.7%), inability to meet formal market standards (25%) and inadequate government support. There was a strong association between formal livestock training and cattle marketing attributes as well as production constraints. In conclusion, more emphasis should be given to improve cattle production and commercialization through provision of more cattle, livestock trainings and market services to communal farmers.
Evaluation on the Bond Capacity of the Fire-Protected FRP Bonded to Concrete Under High Temperature
Authors: Seo Soo-yeon , Lim Jong-wook , Jeong Su-hyun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTo figure out the change in the reinforcing effect of FRP system used for the retrofit of RC beam when it is exposed to high temperature, it is required to evaluate not only the behavior of the entire beam, but also the bond performance at anchorage zone through a bond test according to the increase of external temperature. Moreover, the study to find various fire-protection methods is necessary to prevent the epoxy from reaching the critical temperature during an exposure to high temperature. In this manner, the fire-resistance performances of externally bonded (EB) FRP and near-surface-mounted (NSM) FRP to concrete block were evaluated by high-temperature exposure tests after performing a fire-protection on the surface in this paper. Board-type insulation with mortar was considered for the fire-protection of FRP system. After the fire-protection of the FRPs bonded to concrete blocks, an increasing exposure temperature was applied to the specimens with keeping a constant shear bond stress between concrete and the FRP. Based on the result, the temperature when the bond strength of the FRP disappears was evaluated. In addition, a finite element analysis was performed to find a proper method for predicting the temperature variation of the epoxy which is fire-protected with board-type insulation during the increase of external temperature. As a result of the test, despite the same fire-protection, NSM specimens were able to resist 1.54–2.08 times higher temperature than EB specimens. In the design of fire-protection of FRP system with the board-type insulation, it is necessary to consider the transfer from sides as well as the face with FRP. If there is no insulation of FP boards on the sides, the epoxy easily reaches its critical temperature by the heat penetrated to the sides, and increasing the thickness of the FP board alone for the face with FRP does not increase the fire-resistance capacity. As a result of the FE analysis, the temperature variation at epoxy can be predicted using the analytical approach with the proper thermal properties of FP mortar and board.
Strengthening of masonry rings with composite materials
Authors: Jasieńko Jerzy , Raszczuk Krzysztof , Frąckiewicz Piotr , Kleszcz Kajetan , Bednarz Łukasz 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the results of experimental testing of six masonry rings built to technical scale and strengthened with CFRP strips and sheets and also with an FRCM system with PBO, glass, basalt and carbon fibers. The rings were subjected to tensile loads induced by four hydraulic jacks. The assumption is that the masonry rings are a representative simplification of domes, especially their structural support. Both single layered domes and ribbed domes are exposed to tensile stress in up to one third of their height.
During the tests, the following information was collected: loads, displacements, strains of composites and failure modes. In some cases, an initial prestressing of reinforcements was carried out. Recommendations and limitations related to the use of the materials tested for reinforcing round, masonry structures under tensile stresses are discussed. The criterion for choosing the best solution was not only based on comparing the tensile strength of the reinforcement but also its stiffness. A strengthening efficiency index is proposed. The assessment of strengthening effectiveness was carried out, taking into account also heritage building conservation standards. Adopting the EF indicator as the criterion for assessing the effectiveness of reinforcement, it can be concluded that the application of the following methods should be considered in the structural maintenance of historical buildings: PBO mesh reinforcement in the PBO-FRCM system, carbon mesh reinforcement in the C-FRCM system and also basalt reinforcement in the B-FRCM system.