bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The concept of “whole perforator system” in the lateral thoracic region for latissimus dorsi muscle-preserving large flaps: An anatomical study and case series
Authors: Kagaya Yu , Arikawa Masaki , Sekiyama Takuya , Mitsuwa Hideyuki , Takanashi Ryo , Taga Marie , Akazawa Satoshi , Miyamoto Shimpei 
Published: September 2021

Background
Previous studies have reported on the abundant cutaneous perforating blood vessels around the latissimus dorsi (LD) lateral border, such as a thoracodorsal artery perforator (TDAP) of septocutaneous type (TDAP-sc) and muscle-perforating type (TDAP-mp), or the lateral thoracic artery perforator (LTAP). These perforators have been clinically utilized for flap elevation; however, there have been few studies that accurately examined all the cutaneous perforators (TDAP-sc, TDAP-mp, LTAP) around the LD lateral border. Here, we propose a new “whole perforator system” (WPS) concept in the lateral thoracic region and a methodology that enables elevating large flaps with reliable perfusion in a muscle-preserving manner.

Methods
We first performed an anatomical study that verified the number and perforating points of all perforators around the LD lateral border using the results of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of patients with breast cancer. Following the anatomical evaluation, we performed large muscle-preserving flap transfer that contained all of the perforators around the LD lateral border in an actual clinical setting.

Results
A total of 175 latissimus dorsi from 98 patients were included. The mean number of perforators (TDAP-sc + TDAP-mp + LTAP) per side was 4.51±1.44 (2–9); TDAP-sc was present in 57.1% (100/175) of cases, and TDAP-mp in 76.6% (134/175); the TDAP total prevalence rate (TDAP-sc + TDAP-mp) was 96.0% (168/175). The LTAP existence rate was 94.3% (165/175). Distance from the axillary artery to the TDAP-sc was 148.7±56.3 mm, which was significantly proximal to the TDAP-mp (183.8±54.2 mm) and LTAP (172.2±81.3 mm).

Conclusion
The lateral thoracic region has an abundant cutaneous perforator system derived from the descending branch of the thoracodorsal and lateral thoracic arteries. Clinical application of the lateral thoracic WPS flap is promising, with a large survival area even with muscle-preserving procedures and requiring a relatively simple procedure.
Can co-authorship networks be used to predict author research impact? A machine-learning based analysis within the field of degenerative cervical myelopathy research
Authors: Grodzinski Noah , Grodzinski Ben , Davies Benjamin M. 
Published: September 2021

Introduction
Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy (DCM) is a common and disabling condition, with a relatively modest research capacity. In order to accelerate knowledge discovery, the AO Spine RECODE-DCM project has recently established the top priorities for DCM research. Uptake of these priorities within the research community will require their effective dissemination, which can be supported by identifying key opinion leaders (KOLs). In this paper, we aim to identify KOLs using artificial intelligence. We produce and explore a DCM co-authorship network, to characterise researchers’ impact within the research field.

Methods
Through a bibliometric analysis of 1674 scientific papers in the DCM field, a co-authorship network was created. For each author, statistics about their connections to the co-authorship network (and so the nature of their collaboration) were generated. Using these connectedness statistics, a neural network was used to predict H-Index for each author (as a proxy for research impact). The neural network was retrospectively validated on an unseen author set.

Results
DCM research is regionally clustered, with strong collaboration across some international borders (e.g., North America) but not others (e.g., Western Europe). In retrospective validation, the neural network achieves a correlation coefficient of 0.86 (p<0.0001) between the true and predicted H-Index of each author. Thus, author impact can be accurately predicted using only the nature of an author’s collaborations.

Discussion
Analysis of the neural network shows that the nature of collaboration strongly impacts an author’s research visibility, and therefore suitability as a KOL. This also suggests greater collaboration within the DCM field could help to improve both individual research visibility and global synergy.
Characterization of the spontaneous degenerative mitral valve disease in FVB mice
Authors: Ayme-Dietrich Estelle , Da Silva Sylvia , Bouabout Ghina Alame , Arnoux Alizée , Guyonnet Jérôme , Becker Guillaume , Monassier Laurent 
Published: September 2021

Background
The development of new non-surgical treatments dedicated to mitral valve degeneration is limited by the absence of relevant spontaneous and rapidly progressing animal experimental models.

Animals
We characterized the spontaneous mitral valve degeneration in two inbred FVB mouse strains compared to C57BL/6J and investigated a contribution of the serotonergic system.

Methods
Males and females FVB/NJ and FVB/NRj were compared to the putative C57BL/6J control at 12, 16, 20 and 24 weeks of age. Body weight, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), whole blood and plasma serotonin, tail bleeding time, blood cell count, plasma TGF-β1 and plasma natriuretic peptide concentrations were measured. Myocardium and mitral valves were characterized by histology. mRNA mitral expression of 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B receptors was measured in the anterior leaflet. Cardiac anatomy and function were assessed by echocardiography.

Results
Compared to C57BL/6J, FVB mice strains did not significantly differ regarding body weight increase, arterial blood pressure and heart rate. A progressive augmentation of plasma pro-ANP was observed in FVB mice. Nevertheless, no cardiac hypertrophy or left-ventricular fibrosis were observed. Accordingly, plasma TGF-β1 was not different among the three strains. Conversely, FVB mice demonstrated a high prevalence of fibromyxoid highly cellularized and enriched in glycosaminoglycans lesions, inducing major mitral leaflets thickening without increase in length. The increased thickness was correlated with urinary 5-HIAA and blood platelet count. Whole blood serotonin concentration was similar in the two strains but, in FVB, a reduction of plasma serotonin was observed together with an increase of the bleeding time. Finally, echocardiography identified left atrial and left ventricular remodeling associated with thickening of both mitral leaflets and mitral insufficient in 30% of FVB mice but no systolic protrusion of mitral leaflets towards the atrium.

Conclusion
The FVB mouse strain is highly prone to spontaneous mitral myxomatous degeneration. A contribution of the peripheral serotonergic system is suggested.
Regional heterogeneity in violence and individual characteristics associated with recent transactional sex among Ugandan girls and young women: A national and regional analysis of data from the Violence Against Children and Youth Survey
Authors: Stamatakis Caroline , Howard Ashleigh , Chiang Laura , Massetti Greta M. , Apondi Rose , Stoebenau Kirsten , Hegle Jennifer , Wasula Lydia , Patel Pragna 
Published: September 2021

Objectives
This study assessed associations between recent transactional sex (TS) and potential determinants and variations in patterns across two geographic regions with high HIV burden compared to the rest of Uganda, among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW).

Methods
In 2015, a nationally representative cross-sectional household survey was conducted in Uganda. A stratified multi-stage cluster sample design produced nationally representative estimates and sub-national estimates for AGYW in two high HIV burden regions, DREAMS Central 1 (Bukomansimbi, Ssembabule, and Rakai districts) and DREAMS Central 2 (Mubende, Mityana, Gomba, and Mukono districts), and the rest of Uganda. To identify associations between recent TS (defined as sex in the past 12 months in exchange for material support or help) and risk factors, multivariable logistic regressions were conducted. Interaction terms assessed the associations between violence and recent TS across geographic regions.

Results
Nationally, 14.2% of sexually active AGYW engaged in recent TS. Region-specific significant associations emerged between recent TS and marriage, family wealth, friendship, orphanhood, and sexual debut. In DREAMS Central 1 and 2, AGYW who witnessed violence in the home or community, or experienced sexual, physical, or emotional violence had higher odds of recent TS than AGYW who did not experience that form of violence (adjusted odds ratio ranged between 2.10 (95% CI, 1.07, 4.13) and 8.25 (95% CI, 3.40, 20.06)). The magnitude of association between recent TS and types of violence varied by region.

Conclusions
Violence is strongly and consistently associated with recent TS, and patterns in prevalence and risk factors vary across regions in Uganda. Given the high risk of HIV association with recent TS, HIV epidemic control efforts may benefit from focus on comprehensive violence prevention and target persons who engage in TS. Comprehensive HIV prevention programming aimed at keeping AGYW HIV-negative should incorporate prevention of violence and TS as key components to facilitate HIV epidemic control in this vulnerable population.
New asymptotically quadratic conditions for Hamiltonian elliptic systems
Authors: Liao Fangfang , Zhang Wen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper is concerned with the following Hamiltonian elliptic system

−
Δ
u
+
V
(
x
)
u
=

W

v

(
x
,
u
,
v
)
,

x
∈

R

N

,

−
Δ
v
+
V
(
x
)
v
=

W

u

(
x
,
u
,
v
)
,

x
∈

R

N

,

$$
\left\{
\begin{array}{ll}
-\Delta u+V(x)u=W_{v}(x, u, v), \ \ \ \ x\in {\mathbb{R}}^{N},\\
-\Delta v+V(x)v=W_{u}(x, u, v), \ \ \ \ x\in {\mathbb{R}}^{N},\\
\end{array}
\right.
$$

where z = (u, v) : ℝ
N
→ ℝ2, V(x) and W(x, z) are 1-periodic in x. By making use of variational approach for strongly indefinite problems, we obtain a new existence result of nontrivial solution under new conditions that the nonlinearity

W
(
x
,
z
)
:=

1
2

V

∞

(
x
)

|

A
z

|

2

+
F
(
x
,
z
)

$ W(x,z):=\frac{1}{2}V_{\infty}(x)|Az|^2+F(x, z) $

is general asymptotically quadratic, where V
∞(x) ∈ (ℝ
N
, ℝ) is 1-periodic in x and infℝ
N

V
∞(x) > minℝ
N

V(x), and A is a symmetric non-negative definite matrix.
Topological indices of bipolar fuzzy incidence graph
Authors: Gong Shu , Hua Gang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The topological index of graph has a wide range of applications in theoretical chemistry, network design, data transmission, etc. In fuzzy graph settings, these topological indices have completely different definitions and connotations. In this work, we define new Wiener index and connectivity index for bipolar fuzzy incidence graphs, and obtain the characteristics of these indices by means of the definition of fuzzy membership functions. Furthermore, the interrelationship between Wiener index and connectivity index is considered.
A wideband 4-port MIMO antenna supporting sub-6 GHz spectrum for 5G mobile terminals
Authors: Salamin Mohammad Ahmad , Hussain Niamat 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this work, a unique wideband multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for fifth-generation (5G) applications is introduced. Each antenna element in the MIMO system is formed using a modified parasitic ring. To improve the performance of the antenna, a rectangular-shaped region is etched into the opposite side of each element in the ground plane. The proposed MIMO antenna is designed on a commercially available FR-4 substrate, having total dimensions of 100 × 60 × 0.8 mm3. Most interestingly, the antenna has a measured bandwidth from 2.60 to 5.97 GHz. This will effectively encompass the most predicted feasible bands for futuristic 5G communications, including 5G new radio frequency bands (N77/N78/N79) and long-term evolution (LTE) 46 band. The performance of a single antenna is evaluated in terms of S-parameters, gain, radiation patterns and efficiency. The performance of the MIMO system is also evaluated in terms of the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) and diversity gain (DG). The designed antenna is fabricated, and the simulation results are verified practically. Good agreement is reached between simulation and measurement results. The proposed design is a good choice for 5G applications that require wideband capabilities.
An improved method for analysis of interrupted time series (ITS) data: accounting for patient heterogeneity using weighted analysis
Authors: Ewusie Joycelyne , Beyene Joseph , Thabane Lehana , Straus Sharon E. , Hamid Jemila S. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Interrupted time series (ITS) design is commonly used to evaluate the impact of interventions in healthcare settings. Segmented regression (SR) is the most commonly used statistical method and has been shown to be useful in practical applications involving ITS designs. Nevertheless, SR is prone to aggregation bias, which leads to imprecision and loss of power to detect clinically meaningful differences. The objective of this article is to present a weighted SR method, where variability across patients within the healthcare facility and across time points is incorporated through weights. We present the methodological framework, provide optimal weights associated with data at each time point and discuss relevant statistical inference. We conduct extensive simulations to evaluate performance of our method and provide comparative analysis with the traditional SR using established performance criteria such as bias, mean square error and statistical power. Illustrations using real data is also provided. In most simulation scenarios considered, the weighted SR method produced estimators that are uniformly more precise and relatively less biased compared to the traditional SR. The weighted approach also associated with higher statistical power in the scenarios considered. The performance difference is much larger for data with high variability across patients within healthcare facilities. The weighted method proposed here allows us to account for the heterogeneity in the patient population, leading to increased accuracy and power across all scenarios. We recommend researchers to carefully design their studies and determine their sample size by incorporating heterogeneity in the patient population.
Biosecurity at the Border: How the Federal Government can Fulfill Its Duty and Ensure Its Citizens’ Rights by Minimizing the Public Health Risk Posed by Foreign Entrants
Authors: Patterson Cole Anthony 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The Federal Government has an obligation to protect its citizens from the biosecurity threat posed by foreign entrants. Similarly, American citizens have a constitutional right to be protected. This article identifies the specific public health threats posed by foreign entrants, analyzes the relevant law, and then proposes specific solutions to ameliorate the problem.
Global existence and boundedness in a two-species chemotaxis system with nonlinear diffusion
Authors: Huang Ting , Hou Zhibo , Han Yongjie 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper is concerned with a chemotaxis system

u

t

=
Δ

u

m

−

∇

⋅

(

χ

1

(

w

)

u

∇

w

)

+

μ

1

u

(

1
−
u
−

a

1

v

)

,

x
∈
Ω
,

t
>
0
,

v

t

=
Δ

v

n

−

∇

⋅

(

χ

2

(

w

)

v

∇

w

)

+

μ

2

v

(

1
−

a

2

u
−
v

)

,

x
∈
Ω
,

t
>
0
,

w

t

=
Δ
w
−

(

α
u
+
β
v

)

w
,

x
∈
Ω
,

t
>
0
,

\left\{\begin{array}{ll}{u}_{t}=\Delta {u}^{m}-\nabla \cdot \left({\chi }_{1}\left(w)u\nabla w)+{\mu }_{1}u\left(1-u-{a}_{1}v),& x\in \Omega ,\hspace{0.33em}t\gt 0,\\ {v}_{t}=\Delta {v}^{n}-\nabla \cdot \left({\chi }_{2}\left(w)v\nabla w)+{\mu }_{2}v\left(1-{a}_{2}u-v),& x\in \Omega ,\hspace{0.33em}t\gt 0,\\ {w}_{t}=\Delta w-\left(\alpha u+\beta v)w,& x\in \Omega ,\hspace{0.33em}t\gt 0,\end{array}\right.

under homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions in a bounded domain

Ω
⊂

R

3

\Omega \subset {{\mathbb{R}}}^{3}

with smooth boundary, where

μ

1

,

μ

2

>
0

{\mu }_{1},{\mu }_{2}\gt 0

,

a

1

,

a

2

>
0

{a}_{1},{a}_{2}\gt 0

,

α
,
β
>
0

\alpha ,\beta \gt 0

, and the chemotactic sensitivity function

χ

i

∈

C

1

(

[

0
,
∞

)

)

{\chi }_{i}\in {C}^{1}({[}0,\infty ))

,

χ

i

′

≥
0

{\chi }_{i}^{^{\prime} }\ge 0

. It is proved that for any large initial data, for any

m
,
n
>
1

m,n\gt 1

, the system admits a global weak solution, which is uniformly bounded.
Electroluminescence in plasmonic actuator based on Au/SiO2/n-Si tunnel junction
Authors: Liu Yan , Chua Soo-Jin , Gao Siping , Hu Wenrui , Guo Yongxin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA compact electrical source capable of generating surface plasmon polaritons would represent a crucial step for on-chip plasmonic circuitry. The device fabrication of plasmonic actuator based on Au/SiO2/n++Si tunnel junction and performance have been reported in [ACS photonics, 2021, 8, 7, 1951–1960]. This work focuses on the underlying mechanisms of electroluminescence. The n-type Si samples were doped with concentrations ranging from 1.6 × 1015 cm−3to 1.0 × 1020 cm−3. A low voltage of 1.4 V for intense light emission was achieved at the highest concentration. The electrical/spectral characteristics and energy band diagrams calculation show two distinct behaviors indicating two distinct mechanisms of light emission are at work in the heavily doped versus the lightly doped Si. In the heavily doped case, the light output is correlated to tunneling current and the subsequent conversion of surface plasmons to photons, while that for the lightly doped case is due to indirect band-to-band recombination in silicon. The results are validated by numerical simulation which indicates that the heavy doping of the n++-Si is necessary to achieve surface plasmon generation via electron tunneling due to the presence of band tail states and their effect on lowering the barrier height.
Soft and plasmonic hydrogel optical probe for glucose monitoring
Authors: Guo Jingjing , Zhou Bingqian , Du Zhou , Yang Changxi , Kong Lingjie , Xu Lijun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Glucose monitoring sensors with high softness and flexibility are critical for the developments of wearable and implantable healthcare devices that enable diagnosis, prognosis, and management of diabetes. The design and implementation of such sensors have been extensively exploited by electrochemical strategies, which, however, suffer from poor reusability and complex modification procedures, and necessitate frequent calibration or sensor replacement due to enzymatic reaction instability. Here, a soft and plasmonic hydrogel optical sensor is created for quantitative and continuous glucose monitoring under physiological conditions. The optical sensor consists of a flexible optical fiber made from composites of gold nanoparticles and glucose-responsive hydrogels. The reversible binding of glucose to the nanocomposite optical fiber results in dynamic volume expansion of the hydrogel matrix, which modulates the localized surface plasmon resonance effect, enabling glucose to be quantified from the light transmission. To achieve robust readout, a dual-wavelength differential approach is employed to endow the sensor with self calibration capability. We show that the sensor is reversible and reusable for detecting physiological glucose levels with high linearity and negligible hysteresis. The soft and flexible glucose sensor holds great promises of serving as a minimally-invasive probe for point-of-care glucose monitoring in clinics.
The effects of oral steroid therapy on prolidase enzyme activity in patients with nasal polyps
Authors: Ekinci Adnan , Kayadibi Huseyin , Demir Emre , Ozcan Muge 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objective
To compare prolidase enzyme activity (PEA) in serum and polyp specimens of patients with nasal polyps obtained before and after the oral steroid therapy.

Materials and methods
Thirty three patients with nasal polyps (39 ± 13 years) received 1 mg/kg of oral steroids. Serum samples were collected from each patient, but nasal polyp specimens could be obtained only from 23 patients (38 ± 13 years) before and after the oral steroid therapy. PEA was measured by ELISA method.

Results
Serum PEA values were 210 (176–242) U/L and 184 (147–217) U/L before and after the oral steroid therapy, respectively (p = 0.015). Polyp tissue PEA was 1337 (738–2130) U/g and 871 (590–1663) U/g before and after the oral steroid therapy, respectively (p = 0.429).

Conclusion
In patients with nasal polyps, significantly lower serum PEA after the oral steroid therapy may be a consequence of the role of prolidase enzyme in inflammatory processes which are important for the development of nasal polyps. More comprehensive studies with larger sample sizes are needed to elucidate the role of PEA in the pathogenesis of nasal polyps.
Márkus Dezső a nőkérdésről II.
Authors: Császár Kinga 
Published: September 2021

This paper shows the standpoints of the representatives of the legal practice about women’s legal status in Hungary between 1867 – 1918. The actuality of the examination was the fact that the drafts of the first Civil Code in Hungary (1900 –1928) were under editing at the same time. The articles about alimony and jointure are described in this paper. The study shows the attitude of the members of the legal profession towards the extension of women’s rights and the significant contradictions in case law.