bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Association between Atopic Dermatitis Severity and Mood Disturbance among Adults: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Albakr Farah F. , Barakeh Maee M. , Alsanad Layan F. , Obaid Sultan B. , Alhawas Feras , Alsalamah Seham , Obaid Shahad B. , Alsuwayhib Alya , Alangari Abdullah O. , Obaid Sulaiman O. , Almukhadeb Eman 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Atopic dermatitis (AD), also known as eczema, is a chronic skin condition characterized by inflammation, itching, redness, and irritation of the skin. It affects a significant percentage of the global and local population. Eczema is associated with mood disturbances such as anxiety and depression. However, data on the impact of eczema severity on psychological health in adult eczema patients remain scarce. Addressing this correlation is crucial for improving therapy and clinical outcomes for eczema patients.

Purpose:
This study was carried out to assess the correlation between AD disease severity and mood disturbance in adult AD patients in King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH); a teaching facility with general and subspecialty medical services in King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Methods:
This study is a cross-sectional study targeting adults diagnosed with AD in KKUH. Patients visiting the dermatology clinic during the study period from March 2023 to August 2023 were asked to fill out an online based self-administered questionnaire to assess AD severity and psychological distress using the Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM) tool and the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Itch Questionnaire Mood and Sleep instruments respectively. Only patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 version statistical software.

Results:
Among 507 participants with AD, allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, and asthma were the highest concomitant associations. About 42.8% of participants with very severe AD had moderate mood disturbance. Among participants with very severe AD, 66% of them were diagnosed more than 5 years ago, and 71% had their last AD symptoms less than 6 months ago. AD severity was significantly associated with female gender, longer disease duration, and more recent episodes of AD symptoms. Mood disturbances were significantly associated with AD severity, disease duration, and the presence of sinusitis (55.6%, P = 0.009).

Conclusion:
Given the high prevalence of mood disturbances among AD patients, it is critical for health-care professionals and caregivers to recognize the mental health impact of AD and incorporate appropriate psychiatric screening methods into the management plan of AD patients so that they can be properly assessed and referred for appropriate therapy.
Unmasking the Hidden: A Case of Left Atrial Myxoma with Myriad Presentations Initially Overlooked
Authors: Shivashankarappa Arun B. , Kumar Pranav S. , Sridhar Lakshmana , Kumar Prasanna Simha Mohan , Ramegowda Kalpana Saligram , Bhat Prabhavathi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Cardiac myxomas are the most common primary cardiac tumors and are usually benign. They vary in size and location, with the left atrium (LA) being the most common site, typically attached to the fossa ovalis. Their manifestations range from asymptomatic to severe obstructive cardiac symptoms, embolic manifestations, or systemic findings, which can often occur without any primary cardiac symptoms. Here is a case of a 48-year-old man who initially presented with ischemic stroke. The myxoma was missed, and he later developed diverse manifestations such as weight loss and anorexia, ultimately presenting with biventricular failure. LA myxoma with biventricular failure is rare. Our patient showed significant improvement in both clinical status and biventricular function following myxoma excision.
Pericardial Mass in an Immunocompetent Young Male – An Elusive Case
Authors: Sachdeva Sidhant , Tandon Rohit , Sharma Kartik Joshua , Gupta Rajiv 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Invasive Cardiac aspergilloma involving only the pericardium are extremely rare tumors especially in patient who is not immunocomprised. Multimodality imaging is necessary although definitive diagnosis requires surgical excision because usually these patients require lifelong antifungal therapy.
Loeffler’s Endocarditis – Unforgiving Eosinophilic Damage to the Endocardium
Authors: Sinha Ajay , Kumar Pramod , Sharma Saket , Ranjan Shraddha 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is defined as hypereosinophilia due to any cause (absolute eosinophil count > 1500 cells/μL) in the peripheral blood, which leads to eosinophil-mediated multiorgan damage. Cardiac involvement is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with HES. Here, we discuss a case of eosinophilia-related endomyocardial involvement, also known as Loeffler’s endocarditis, a rare form of restrictive cardiomyopathy. Notably, on genetic analysis, he was found to have a rare FIP1-like-1-platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha-associated myeloproliferative variant of HES, which responded to imatinib, making it one of the very few reported cases of such kind.
Association of Fatigue Severity with Balance, Strength, and Functional Independence in Community Dwelling Poststroke Hemiparesis
Authors: Bhai Prajapati Nehal Harshad , Diwan Shraddha Jasmin 
Published: December 2024

Introduction:
Fatigue is a common and debilitating symptom experienced by many stroke survivors. Significant poststroke fatigue may predispose to other health complications such as fall, imbalance, decrease in strength, and functional independence.

Aims:
There is limited research on association of fatigue severity with balance, strength, and functional independence. Hence, it arises need of current research whether they are correlated or not and fill these gap for more accurate intervention program.

Material and Methods:
Ethic’s approval was taken. An cohort observational study was conducted on 34 poststroke survivors (acute [6], subacute [6], and chronic [22]) with mean age of 58.17 ± 9.8 years (Male:female = 28:6) from neurorehabilitation department of SBB college of physiotherapy. Subject aging between 40 and 75 years with ability to walk with/without walking aids with medium-to-low fall risk was selected. Subject with significant auditory, visual, or cognitive issues were excluded from the study. Functional independence measured (FIM) by FIM scale, fatigue with fatigue severity scale (FSS), balance by step test and strength was measured by five time sit-to-stand test. Data analyzed by SPSS version 20.

Results:
There is significant strong negative correlation between FSS and FIM (P = 0.01, r = −0.658), moderately negative correlation between FSS and step test (P = 0.071, r = −0.314) and significant moderately positive correlation between FSS and five time sit-to-stand (P = 0.006, r = 0.462).

Conclusion:
Fatigue can be a contributory factor for loss balance, strength, and functional independence. Early detection and treatment of fatigue can, therefore, help to reduce imbalance, functional dependence, and the risk of falling.
Genetic Factors and Antibodies to Vibrio cholerae in Diarrhea Patients, Central Hospital Auchi, Nigeria
Authors: Olaniyan Mathew Folaranmi , Ajiboye Kemi Felicia , Olaniyan Tolulope Busayo , Apoyovwere Obataze J. , Adeniran Medinat Taiwo , Odegbemi Odekunle Bola 
Published: December 2024

Introduction:
Cholera, caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, poses a significant public health challenge, particularly in regions with inadequate sanitation. Cholera outbreaks are common in low-resource settings, and understanding the genetic and immunological factors influencing susceptibility and severity is critical for developing targeted public health strategies.

Aims:
This study investigates the prevalence of Vibrio cholerae among diarrhea patients at a Central Hospital in Southsouth, Nigeria. It aims to examine the genetic factors and specific antibody responses associated with cholera susceptibility and severity.

Material and Methods:
This cross-sectional study included 300 patients presenting with acute diarrhea between January and December 2023. Stool and blood samples were collected and analyzed for *V. cholerae* isolation, genetic polymorphisms, and antibody levels. The analysis focused on toll-like receptor 4 (rs4986790) and interleukin-10 (rs1800896) polymorphisms. Specific IgG, IgM, and IgA antibody levels against V. cholerae were measured.

Results:

V. cholerae was identified in 18% of patients, with serotypes O1 and O139 being the most prevalent. Genetic analysis revealed significant associations between toll-like receptor 4 (rs4986790) polymorphisms and increased susceptibility to V. cholerae infection. In contrast, interleukin-10 (rs1800896) polymorphisms were associated with higher antibody levels and reduced disease severity. Infected patients exhibited elevated levels of IgG, IgM, and IgA specific to V. cholerae, which correlated with milder disease outcomes.

Conclusions:
The findings highlight the influence of genetic factors and specific antibody responses in determining cholera susceptibility and disease severity. The study suggests that genetic screening could identify high-risk individuals, facilitating targeted public health interventions. Improving water, sanitation, and hygiene infrastructure remains essential for cholera prevention. While the cross-sectional design limits the ability to draw causal inferences, the study offers valuable insights into the genetic and immunological determinants of cholera, underscoring the need for integrated strategies to effectively manage and control cholera outbreaks.
Comparative Analysis of Immune-boosting Efficacy of Some Nigerian Medicinal Plants
Authors: Olaniyan Mathew Folaranmi , Ajiboye Kemi Felicia , Olaniyan Tolulope Busayo , Akpoyovwere Obataze Josephine , Adeniran Medinat Taiwo , Ugege Christian Onosetale , Muhibi Musa Abidemi , Odegbemi Odekunle Bola 
Published: December 2024

Introduction:
Nigeria boasts diverse medicinal plants traditionally used for immune enhancement. Despite widespread use, scientific validation of their efficacy remains limited. This study uses animal models to compare the immune-boosting potential of Moringa oleifera, Vernonia amygdalina, Garcinia kola, and Ocimum gratissimum.

Aim:
To evaluate the immune-boosting potential of aqueous extracts of M. oleifera, V. amygdalina, G. kola, and O. gratissimum using animal models.

Material and Methods:
Aqueous extracts of the selected plants were prepared and administered orally to male Wistar rats at 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg body weight daily for 30 days. The animals were divided into six groups: a control group; MO Group, which received M. oleifera extract; VA Group, which received V. amygdalina extract; GK Group, which received G. kola extract; OG Group, which received O. gratissimum extract; and a positive control group treated with levamisole (2.5 mg/kg). Immune function was assessed using hematological parameters, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), hemagglutination antibody (HA) titers, neutrophil adhesion, and carbon clearance tests.

Results:
All extracts significantly increased total leukocyte counts and lymphocyte percentages compared to controls (P < 0.01). High doses of M. oleifera and O. gratissimum showed the most substantial immune-boosting effects, with leukocyte counts increasing by up to 40% over baseline, comparable to levamisole. DTH responses, HA titers (up to a 2.4-fold increase), and phagocytic indices were significantly elevated by plant extracts (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
This study provides evidence supporting the immune-boosting properties of M. oleifera, V. amygdalina, G. kola, and O. gratissimum, underscoring their potential as natural immunomodulators with applications in therapeutic development.
The Correlation between Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Related to Diabetes Involving Ayurveda and Yoga in two Ayurveda and Allopathy Hospitals of Bengaluru
Authors: Vrinda  , Bhat Sulochana , Anjana K. S. , Kavya N. , Monica K. P. 
Published: December 2024

Introduction:
Diabetes is classified as an epidemic disease necessitating utmost contemplation for both controlling its onset and managing the condition effectively. To achieve this, a fundamental awareness of diabetes and the benefits Ayurveda and yoga can provide to combat the disease must be familiarized.

Aims:
The objective of the study is to understand the awareness of diabetes, perception and practices related to it and the role of Ayurveda and Yoga in its management within the population.

Materials and Methods:
It is a multi-centric hospital-based analytical cross-sectional study with a sample of 1200 participants. Eligible candidates visiting two government Ayurveda hospitals and allopathy hospitals each situated in urban and rural regions of Bangalore situated in Southern India of South Asia were made to answer or fill the structured questionnaire. It was subsequently converted to a digital format for statistical analysis. Overall KAP scores were calculated using Bloom’s cut-off point. P-value less than 0.05 and less than 0.001 were considered statistically significant. A Pearson correlation coefficient was employed to determine the relationship between knowledge, attitude and practice.

Results:
Our study showed good knowledge (49.58%) but moderate attitude (58.67%) and practice (47.5%) among the population. There was a weak but significant correlation between knowledge and attitude (r=0.181) as well as between knowledge and practice (r=0.349). But no correlation was found between attitude and practice (r=0.048).

Conclusions:
Combating the diabetes epidemic requires more than just raising awareness about the disease. Encouraging healthy behaviors and shifting people’s perspective around lifestyle choices is paramount to effectively address the root cause of increasing rate of diabetes.
The chronicles of green complex bacteria
Authors: Ojha Moitri , Amrita  , Gupta Disha , Verma Vartika 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Periodontal pathogens have always captivated the attention of periodontists and microbiologists as it account for causing periodontal disease in 90% of the population globally. Clinical and experimental studies have confirmed that destructive activity on the periodontium is due to certain strains of bacteria that occupy a relatively small portion of dental biofilm. Among them, the green and the red complex bacteria enjoy the popularity of being the most notorious strain in disease initiation and progression. The genera of green complex bacteria comprise three pathogens- Aggregatibacter actinomyecetecomitans, Capnocytophaga, and Eikenella corrodens. The group possesses several stratagems and key elements that aid them in escaping the immune surveillance and creating a harsh environment for the periodontium. The review focuses on defining the green complex bacteria and their role in periodontitis.
Comparative evaluation of Fascin-1 with clinicopathological parameters and recurrence in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Saify Fatema , Chaudhary Minal , Tiwari Nidhi , Jain Shilpa , Deb Sikhdar Sarbani , Sood Meenakshi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common epithelial malignancy of the oral cavity. The 5-year survival rate is approximately 50% and is even lower, that is, 30% in the patients with recurrence of this disease. Because recurrence has a major influence on 5-year survival, it becomes imperative to identify the molecular elements responsible for the recurrence of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Aim:
To evaluate the expression of fascin-1 and its correlation with clinicopathological parameters and recurrence in the patients of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Materials and Methods:
A cohort study was conducted in the Department of Oral Pathology, SPDC, Wardha. A 4 μm thick section from paraffin-embedded blocks of formalin-fixed biopsy tissues of 60 cases having primary oral squamous cell carcinoma was processed and stained with mouse monoclonal fascin-1 (Clone: SPM133) antibodies.

Results:
In the present study, all cases which had a final score above 2, denotes a strong positive immunostaining of fascin in OSCC. Tumour size was significantly correlated with fascin expression, whereas no significant association was found for other parameters, such as age, gender, node involvement, and grade of the tumour and recurrence.

Conclusion:
Fascin was found to be significantly correlated with tumour size. Fascin expression was found to be related with recurrence but no significant association exists. As recurrence is directly related to the poor prognosis and survival rate; so, it is essential to identify molecular markers indicative of recurrence. Fascin can be used to identify a subset of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients that are prone to recurrence.
Assessment of clinical and histopathological changes in leukoplakia using curcumin lozenges based on revised WHO criteria- A pilot study
Authors: Khare Parul , Devra Anshu Gupta , Patidar Madhvika , Punga Rohit , Gupta Nirupama , Sohn Soo-Yeon 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Oral epithelial dysplasia, such as leukoplakia has a risk of malignant transformation. Curcumin, a natural polyphenol with anticancer properties, has been explored for many years as an alternative treatment for leukoplakia.

Aim:
To evaluate clinical and histopathological changes in oral leukoplakia from curcumin lozenges, this study compares pre- and post-medication effects. It is the first to involve general and oral pathologists from India and the USA, who independently assessed changes using WHO 2022 criteria.

Material and Method:
The study involved 10 patients and was conducted in three phases. Initial biopsy, and administration of curcumin lozenges (2 tablets thrice daily for 3 months) with clinical evaluation every month followed by a second biopsy.

Results:
Post-medication, clinically in a few cases reduction of lesion size was observed as a change from white to gray patches. Histopathological analysis was subjective and the three experts reported an overall improvement in architectural as well as cytological features suggesting the possible use of curcumin in treating cases of mild dysplasia.

Conclusion:
The pilot study suggests curcumin lozenges may benefit leukoplakia patients, but the small sample size limits definitive conclusions. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings and assess long-term efficacy. WHO 2022 criteria showed subjectivity and variability. Despite this, they were useful for identifying specific changes. To the best of our knowledge to date, no other study has validated these WHO 2022 features in repeated biopsies.
Gingival exophytic lesions – A proposed diagnostic algorithm to approach the clinical enigma
Authors: Rehani Shweta , Sethi Sneha , Khorana Sonia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A diagnostic algorithm is a step-by-step method of diagnosis using a combination of symptoms or signs to identify pathology wherein even various different investigations can also be applied. As solitary gingival exophytic lesions are frequently encountered and commonly misdiagnosed; so well organized diagnostic algorithm is imperative to reach correct diagnosis timely. The purpose of this brief communication is to provide such diagnostic algorithm wherein valuable points such as lesional clinical presentation as well as their microscopic points are incorporated. Such an algorithm is illustrative and can be easily used by dental practitioners in their regular routine dental practice.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors: Utilizing patient’s own immunity to treat oral cancer
Authors: Phulari Rashmi GS , Solanki Bharvi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Head and Neck squamous cell carcinoma is an immunosuppressive state. HNSCC evades immune responses through multiple resistance mechanisms. Because of better understanding of interaction between tumour microenvironment and immune regulators, there is increasing interest in role of immunotherapy as a treatment modality of HNSCC. Many clinical trials have been performed using checkpoint inhibitors, as monotherapies and combination therapies. Immune checkpoint molecule, programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) has shown promising results as a treatment of Recurrent and Metastatic HNSCC. This review discusses immune checkpoint molecules, their functional mechanisms, role of immunotherapy as a monotherapies and combination therapy for better treatment and prognosis of HNSCC patients.
Liquid-based cytology in the diagnosis of oral pre-cancer, cancer, and other oral lesions – A narrative review
Authors: Hegde Usha , Sheshanna Sreeshyla H. , Jaishankar HP , Shashidara R 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Though cytology is one of the most simple and economical diagnostic techniques, several disadvantages set it back as a good diagnostic tool. Liquid-based cytology (LBC) is an advanced diagnostic cytological technique that is being technically modified from conventional cytology to produce better sample preparation to aid in improved diagnosis. It produces a more representative sample of the specimen, with reduced obscuring background material which allows for faster and more reliable screening. Instead of being spread onto a glass slide and fixed, the samples are suspended in a vial of liquid preservative, processed to break the clot and remove the debris. The cell pellet is then placed onto the glass slide to obtain a thin monolayer of cells with a clean background. LBC is found to have several advantages against the conventional techniques. LBC has been researched in cervical cytology and has shown good sensitivity, specificity, improved sampling, and quality of smears. It has been adopted to study several oral lesions and has been found to be a reliable substitute for conventional smear. This article reviews LBC technique and its applications to oral diseases, in specific to oral cancer and pre-cancer.
Study on thyroid autoimmunity of oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid mucositis
Authors: Lavanya C , Ranganathan K. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Context:
Oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral lichenoid mucositis (OLM) are immune-mediated mucosal conditions with multifactorial etiology, with similar clinical and histological characteristics. Diagnosis should be confirmed considering both clinical and histological aspects. Some subsets are associated with immune-mediated thyroid dysfunction due to anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO) and anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TGA).

Aims:
To ascertain the presence of thyroid autoantibodies in a cohort of patients with OLP and OLM from a South Indian population.

Methods and Materials:
This observational study comprised 21 patients with 7 cases of OLP (Group I) and 14 cases of OLM (Group II) who reported from 2021–2023 for 2 years. Serum anti-thyroid antibodies including TPO and TGA was estimated using chemiluminescence immunoassay technique along with clinical and histological aspects. Altered levels of serological parameters were compared with respect to these auto-immune conditions.

Results:
Increased level of thyroid autoantibodies was observed in three (42%) of the seven cases of OLP. Two cases had elevated TPO (3-4 folds) and TGA (6-38 folds) and the subjects were above 50 years. Seven (50%) of the 14 OLM cases exhibited increased thyroid autoantibody levels and were above 50 years, predominantly females. TPO levels were increased in the range of 12 to 178 and TGA from 2 to 136 folds. Duration of these lesions were more than a year.

Conclusions:
Increased thyroid autoantibodies observed in both OLP and OLM represent an underlying autoimmune response. Long-term monitoring will enable the clinicians to correlate the antibody levels with the management of these lesions.