bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in alcohol‐related hospital visits during COVID‐19 in New York City
Authors: Schimmel Jonathan , Vargas‐Torres Carmen , Genes Nicholas , Probst Marc A. , Manini Alex F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsIncreased alcohol consumption has been proposed as a potential consequence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. There has been little scrutiny of alcohol use behaviors resulting in hospital visits, which is essential to guide pandemic public policy. We aimed to determine whether COVID‐19 peak restrictions were associated with increased hospital visits for alcohol use or withdrawal. Secondary objectives were to describe differences based on age, sex and race, and to examine alcohol‐related complication incidence.DesignMulti‐center, retrospective, pre–post study.SettingNew York City health system with five participating hospitals.ParticipantsAdult emergency department encounters for alcohol use, alcoholic gastritis or pancreatitis or hepatitis, alcohol withdrawal syndrome, withdrawal seizure or delirium tremens.MeasurementsAge, sex, race, site and encounter diagnosis. Encounters were compared between 2019 and 2020 for 1 March to 31 May.FindingsThere were 2790 alcohol‐related visits during the 2019 study period and 1793 in 2020, with a decrease in total hospital visits. Of 4583 alcohol‐related visits, median age was 47 years, with 22.3% females. In 2020 there was an increase in percentage of visits for alcohol withdrawal [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.07–1.67] and withdrawal with complications (aOR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.14–1.72), and a decline in percentage of hospital visits for alcohol use (aOR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.59–0.85) and use with complications (aOR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.58–0.88). It is unknown whether use visit changes mirror declines in other chief complaints. The age groups 18–29 and 60–69 years were associated with increased visits for use and decreased visits for withdrawal, as were non‐white race groups. Sex was not associated with alcohol‐related visit changes despite male predominance.ConclusionsIn New York City during the initial COVID‐19 peak (1 March to 31 May 2020), hospital visits for alcohol withdrawal increased while those for alcohol use decreased.
A large‐scale genome‐wide association analysis reveals QTL and candidate genes for intramuscular fat content in Duroc pigs
Authors: Zhuang Z. , Ding R. , Qiu Y. , Wu J. , Zhou S. , Quan J. , Zheng E. , Li Z. , Wu Z. , Yang J. 
Published: June 2021

SummaryThis study aimed at identifying genomic regions and genes associated with intramuscular fat content (IMF) in Duroc pigs using a weighted single‐step GWAS. Data from 3912 pigs, of which 3770 animals were genotyped with GeneSeek Porcine 50K Bead chip, were used for the association analysis. We identified 19 genomic regions that each explained >1% of the additive genetic variance associated with IMF. Notably, a consistent QTL on SSC7 (117.42–117.92 Mb) was confirmed, explaining 3.70% of the additive genetic variance, and two genes, BDKRB2 and ATG2B, were highlighted as promising candidates for IMF. Two QTL (SSC7, 94.19–94.64 Mb; SSC14, 123.25–123.75 Mb), which harbored MED6 and MAP3K9 genes and TCF7L2 gene respectively, were newly identified as associated with IMF. In conclusion, we identified a consistent QTL and additional genomic regions and genes that contributed to the genetic variance of IMF using a large‐scale sample size of genotyped pigs and genealogical information.
Development of a core outcome set for interventions to prevent stillbirth
Authors: Kim Bobae V. , Aromataris Edoardo C. , Middleton Philippa , Townsend Rosemary , Thangaratinam Shakila , Duffy James M. N. , de Lint Willem , Coat Suzette , Flenady Vicki , Khalil Asma , Mol Ben W. 
Published: June 2021

AimsTo develop a core outcome set for trials investigating interventions to prevent stillbirth.Materials & MethodsOutcomes identified from a systematic literature review and semi‐structured interviews with parents in Australia and the UK were entered into a two‐round online Delphi survey and focus group/consensus meetings.ResultsA core outcome set containing 11 outcomes in two categories. Five outcomes were related to the mother; fetal loss, onset of and mode of delivery, maternal mortality or near miss, psychological and social impact on the women, women's knowledge. Six outcomes were related to the baby; timing of stillbirth, neonatal mortality, gestational age at delivery, birthweight, congenital anomaly, NICU/SCBU or other higher‐level neonatal care length of stay.ConclusionsImplementation and dissemination of this core outcome set in future trials will contribute towards coordinated outcome reporting and advancing usefulness of research to guide clinical practice.
Clinical and histopathological features of myeloid neoplasms with concurrent Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) V617F and KIT proto‐oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase (KIT) D816V mutations
Authors: Naumann Nicole , Lübke Johannes , Shomali William , Reiter Lukas , Horny Hans‐Peter , Jawhar Mohamad , Dangelo Vito , Fabarius Alice , Metzgeroth Georgia , Kreil Sebastian , Sotlar Karl , Oni Claire , Harrison Claire , Hofmann Wolf‐Karsten , Cross Nicholas C. P. , Valent Peter , Radia Deepti , Gotlib Jason , Reiter Andreas , Schwaab Juliana 
Published: June 2021

SummaryWe report on 45 patients with myeloid neoplasms and concurrent Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) V617F and KIT proto‐oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase (KIT) D816V (JAK2pos./KITpos.) mutations, which are individually identified in >60% of patients with classical myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) and >90% of patients with systemic mastocytosis (SM) respectively. In SM, the concurrent presence of a clonal non‐mast cell neoplasm [SM with associated haematological neoplasm (SM‐AHN)] usually constitutes a distinct subtype associated with poor survival. All 45 patients presented with a heterogeneous combination of clinical/morphological features typical of the individual disorders (e.g. leuco‐/erythro‐/thrombocytosis and elevated lactate dehydrogenase for MPN; elevated serum tryptase and alkaline phosphatase for SM). Overlapping features identified in 70% of patients included splenomegaly, cytopenia(s), bone marrow fibrosis and additional somatic mutations. Molecular dissection revealed discordant development of variant allele frequency for both mutations and absence of concurrently positive single‐cell derived colonies, indicating disease evolution in two independent clones rather than monoclonal disease in >60% of patients examined. Overall survival of JAK2pos./KITpos. patients without additional somatic high‐risk mutations [HRM, e.g. in serine and arginine‐rich splicing factor 2 (SRSF2), additional sex combs like‐1 (ASXL1) or Runt‐related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1)] at 5 years was 77%, indicating that the mutual impact of JAK2 V617F and KIT D816V on prognosis is fundamentally different from the adverse impact of additional HRM in the individual disorders.
Interleukin-4 protects mice against lethal influenza and Streptococcus pneumoniae co-infected pneumonia
Authors: Peng Yang , Wang Xiaofang , Wang Hong , Xu Wenchun , Wu Kaifeng , Go Xuemei , Yin Yibing , Zhang Xuemei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae co-infection post-influenza is a major cause of mortality characterized by uncontrolled bacteria burden and excessive immune response during influenza pandemics. Interleukin (IL)-4 is a canonical type II immune cytokine known for its wide range of biological activities on different cell types. It displays protective roles in numerous infectious diseases and immune-related diseases, but its role in influenza and S. pneumoniae (influenza/S. pneumoniae) co-infected pneumonia has not been reported. In our study, we used C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and IL-4-deficient (IL-4−/−) mice to establish co-infection model with S. pneumoniae after influenza virus infection. Co-infected IL-4−/− mice showed increased mortality and weight loss compared with WT mice. IL-4 deficiency led to increased bacterial loads in lungs without altering influenza virus replication, suggesting a role of IL-4 in decreasing post-influenza susceptibility to S. pneumoniae co-infection. Loss of IL-4 also resulted in aggravated lung damage together with massive proinflammatory cytokine production and immune cell infiltration during co-infection. Administration of recombinant IL-4 rescued the survival and weight loss of IL-4−/− mice in lethal co-infection. Additionally, IL-4 deficiency led to more immune cell death in co-infection. Gasdermin D (GSDMD) during co-infection was induced in IL-4−/− mice that subsequently activated cell pyroptosis. Treatment of recombinant IL-4 or inhibition of GSDMD activity by disulfiram decreased immune cell death and bacterial loads in lungs of IL-4−/− co-infected mice. These results suggest that IL-4 decreases post-influenza susceptibility to S. pneumoniae co-infection via suppressing GSDMD-induced pyroptosis. Collectively, this study demonstrates the protective role of IL-4 in influenza/S. pneumoniae co-infected pneumonia.
Comparison of the colour fading effects of sodium hypochlorite and ozone treatments
Authors: Yiğit İdil , Eren Semiha , Karalı Recep , Yıbar M. Fahri , Eren Hüseyin Aksel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractColour fading is a method that is used to achieve a vintage look in textile goods. It is desired by customers in the textile market. Additionally, customers demand that these types of products are produced by environmentally friendly methods. In this study, sodium hypochlorite and ozone were used as laboratory‐scale colour fading reagents on dyed cotton fabrics. Cotton fabrics were dyed with four different primary colours: red, yellow, blue and black. Dyed fabrics were subjected to ozone and sodium hypochlorite treatment under different treatment conditions. Ozone was chosen as an alternative for comparison and it was applied at fixed flow rate (5 L/min) and time (10 minutes). Colour differences, chemical oxygen demand, bursting strength and energy, water and chemical consumptions were measured. The surface morphology was characterised by scanning electron microscopy. We can conclude that ozonation is effective in discharging colour from dyed fabric samples, and the colour‐fading effect is uniform, like in sodium hypochlorite treatment. It was observed that both processes are similar in terms of strength and surface modification. Results showed a 90% cost reduction, 85% water conservation and a 26% chemical oxygen demand reduction.
Cohort profile: National Diabetes Audit for England and Wales
Authors: Holman Naomi , Knighton Peter , Wild Sarah H. , Sattar Naveed , Dew Chris , Gregg Edward W. , Khunti Kamlesh , Valabhji Jonathan , Young Bob 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe National Diabetes Audit (NDA) collates and analyses data on the quality and variation in clinical care and outcomes for people with diabetes. It also provides opportunities to assess trends, determinants, and outcomes of diabetes to help guide clinical and public health priorities.CohortBetween 1 January 2003 and 31 March 2020, a total of 5,280,885 people diagnosed with diabetes were included in at least one NDA data collection. To this date, median follow‐up was 12 and 8 years for people with type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes respectively. Comparisons with the 2019/20 Quality and Outcomes Framework show it included 98% of adults in England and Wales with diagnosed type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Data include demographic characteristics (age, sex, ethnicity, age at diagnosis, deprivation), risk factors (HbA1c, blood pressure, cholesterol, body mass index, smoking status) diabetic and cardiovascular complications and deaths.Secondary analysisSecondary analyses have included comparisons of HbA1c and blood pressure measurements in cohorts with similar characteristics to the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications study and the UK Prospective Diabetes Study; COVID‐19 related mortality in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes and incidence of type 2 diabetes following admission to intensive care units.Future plansCommissioned NDA reports will continue to inform service development in England and Wales. The same data, with or without linkages to other external datasets, are also a rich resource for clinically orientated research.
Embodied reflections of an able‐bodied disability scholar
Authors: Jammaers Eline 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis piece is written in liaison with the “writing differently” movement aimed to counter common academic writing through a non‐abstract, biographic, embodied account of 10 years as a female, able‐bodied disability, and gender researcher. The tone of the article is intentionally kept simple, while its form resembles a memoir. One day, I started to think and type about the times my body felt out of place and many months later this resulted in a timeline of “my body estranged.” I warn the reader in advance: there is nothing particularly shocking about these experiences: they are mostly ordinary and privileged. Anyone interested in the ordinariness of semi‐dominant bodies might find the memories relatable. Looking back, one constant bodily ambivalence stands out: loud mind, lips sealed – an abundance of silence and an absence of speaking up. With this writing, I break the silence, in my own voice, a voice free of jargon and abstract vocabulary (Grey & Sinclair, 2006). A voice readable to a broad community and illustrated through ambivalent art work (Figure 1).1Personal, political but not universal (Ambivalently Yours)image
Stromal cells in tertiary lymphoid structures: Architects of autoimmunity
Authors: Asam Saba , Nayar Saba , Gardner David , Barone Francesca 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe molecular mediators present within the inflammatory microenvironment are able, in certain conditions, to favor the initiation of tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) development. TLS is organized lymphocyte clusters able to support antigen‐specific immune response in non‐immune organs. Importantly, chronic inflammation does not always result in TLS formation; instead, TLS has been observed to develop specifically in permissive organs, suggesting the presence of tissue‐specific cues that are able to imprint the immune responses and form TLS hubs. Fibroblasts are tissue‐resident cells that define the anatomy and function of a specific tissue. Fibroblast plasticity and specialization in inflammatory conditions have recently been unraveled in both immune and non‐immune organs revealing a critical role for these structural cells in human physiology. Here, we describe the role of fibroblasts in the context of TLS formation and its functional maintenance in the tissue, highlighting their potential role as therapeutic disease targets in TLS‐associated diseases.
Being a good witness: The roles of benevolence and working memory capacity in rapport’s effect on eyewitness memory
Authors: Carol Rolando N. , Kieckhaefer Jenna M. , Johnson Joy , Peek Jillian , Schreiber Compo Nadja 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPrior studies suggest that building rapport with eyewitnesses can produce measurable recall improvements, but the underlying mechanisms of rapport’s possible effects on recall remain underexplored. The present study investigated two possible mechanisms for rapport’s impact: (1) improved working memory capacity and (2) increased benevolence. Participants (N = 105) viewed a mock theft video, followed by one of two possible pre‐interview interactions: rapport‐building or a control interaction. Next, participants completed measures of working memory, altruism, and benevolence (pre‐interview and post‐interview), before recalling details of the theft. Analyses revealed that, when controlling for the effects of the interaction duration and participants’ pre‐ and post‐interview benevolence, rapport did not affect eyewitness recall directly. However, rapport building did increase benevolence measured after and associated with the substantive eyewitness interview, which in turn predicted more accurate and new details reported, and fewer subjective/other details reported. These findings support benevolence toward the interviewer as a mechanism behind rapport’s effect on eyewitness recall. Implications for investigative interviews in relation to benevolence and motivating reciprocation are discussed.
Naa10p and IKKα interaction regulates EMT in oral squamous cell carcinoma via TGF‐β1/Smad pathway
Authors: Lv Sai , Luo Ting , Yang Yongyong , Li Yuqing , Yang Jie , Xu Jiang , Zheng Jun , Zeng Yan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEpithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been contributed to increase migration and invasion of cancer cells. However, the correlate of Naa10p and IKKα with EMT in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is not yet fully understood. In our present study, we found N‐α‐acetyltransferase 10 protein (Naa10p) and IκB kinase α (IKKα) were abnormally abundant in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Bioinformatic results indicate that the expression of Naa10p and IKKα is correlated with TGF‐β1/Smad and EMT‐related molecules. The Transwell migration, invasion, qRT‐PCR and Western blot assay indicated that Naa10p repressed OSCC cell migration, invasion and EMT, whereas IKKα promoted TGF‐β1–mediated OSCC cell migration, invasion and EMT. Mechanistically, Naa10p inhibited IKKα activation of Smad3 through the interaction with IKKα directly in OSCC cells after TGF‐β1 stimulation. Notably, knockdown of Naa10p reversed the IKKα‐induced change in the migration, invasion and EMT‐related molecules in OSCC cells after TGF‐β1 stimulation. These findings suggest that Naa10p interacted with IKKα mediates EMT in OSCC cells through TGF‐β1/Smad, a novel pathway for preventing OSCC.
24 hour polymerization shrinkage of resin composite core materials
Authors: Taylor Robert , Fuentealba Rodrigo , Brackett William W. , Roberts Howard W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeThe study's purpose was to evaluate the 24‐hour polymerization shrinkage of resin composite core materials.Material and methodsEleven resin composite core material samples (n = 12) were evaluated using a non‐contact imaging device with measurements obtained over 24 h. Shrinkage values were determined corresponding to proposed times involved with CAD/CAM same‐day treatment and at 24 h. Shrinkage data was statistically compared using Friedman/Dunn's test for intragroup analysis and Kruskal Wallis/Dunn's test for intergroup analysis, all at a 95% level of confidence (α = 0.05).ResultsMean results identified a wide volumetric shrinkage range with considerable similarity overlap. Inconsistent shrinkage behavior was evident and all materials reached maximum values before 24 h. No significant difference was observed during proposed digital same day all ceramic crown procedures, but some differences were noted at 24 h.ConclusionsUnder this study's conditions results were material specific, at times inconsistent, with wide variation. Shrinkage consistently increased for all products and it is not known if the continued shrinkage magnitude may compromise the stability and fit of all‐ceramic crowns at 24 h.
Effect of different fabrication steps on color and translucency of a CAD‐CAM feldspathic ceramic
Authors: Sampaio Camila S. , Belfus Joyce , Avila Anai , Cordero Carla , Freitte Maria , Ferrari Vanina , Atria Pablo J. , Jorquera Gilbert 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate color differences (ΔE) of different fabrication steps performed on a feldspathic ceramic and relative translucency parameter (RTP) after glazing; and to evaluate their effects on the color parameters: L*, a* and b*.Material and MethodsComputer‐aided design/computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD‐CAM) feldspathic maxillary right central incisor ceramic crowns (Cerec Blocs; 1.4 mm thickness) were fabricated through scanning a model preparation and milling. A total of 20 specimens were used and different parameters were compared with each other for color difference (ΔE): original block, milling, polishing, glazing and try‐in cements; RTP was measured after glazing. Color parameters (L*, a*, and b*) were evaluated after each step with a spectrophotometer (Vita Easyshade V) and compared using the CIEDE2000 formula. Statistical analyses were done using one‐way ANOVA and post‐hoc tests.ResultsThe highest ΔE value was observed for Original versus Milling group (4.73) and the lowest for Polishing versus Glazing (0.49). RTP after glazing presented a value of 12.01. L*, a*, and b* parameters were different among groups. Milling group was the one that presented more differences compared to the Original block regarding L*, a*, and b* parameters.ConclusionsDifferent fabrication steps resulted in perceptible color differences within themselves, and L*, a*, and b* parameters changed according to each step. All milling specimens presented unacceptable color differences when compared to the other steps, and milling specimens showed all color parameters (L*, a*, and b*) statistically different compared to the Original block. A high RTP value was observed, demonstrating that, at 1.4 mm thickness, the feldspathic ceramic presented high translucency, showing that opacification of substrate might be necessary.Clinical SignificanceDifferent fabrication steps can greatly affect the optical properties of the feldspathic ceramic restoration studied and cause a relevant impact when compared to the ceramic block itself. Crowns evaluated right after milling presented the highest color differences. In order to obtain optical properties as close as possible to the original feldspathic ceramic block, either polishing or polishing and glazing needs to be performed.
Feeding habitat and silvering stage affect lipid content and fatty acid composition of European eel Anguilla anguilla tissues
Authors: Parzanini Camilla , Arts Michael T. , Rohtla Mehis , Koprivnikar Janet , Power Michael , Skiftesvik Anne Berit , Browman Howard I. , Milotic Dino , Durif Caroline M. F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLipids, particularly fatty acids (FAs), are major sources of energy and nutrients in aquatic ecosystems and play key roles during vertebrate development. The European eel Anguilla anguilla goes through major biochemical and physiological changes throughout its lifecycle as it inhabits sea‐ (SW), and/or brackish‐ (BW) and/or freshwater (FW) habitats. With the ultimate goal being to understand the reasons for eels adopting a certain life history strategy (FW or SW residency vs. ‘habitat shifting’), we explored differences in lipid content and FA composition of muscle, liver and eyes from eels collected across Norwegian SW, BW and FW habitats, and at different lifecycle stages (yellow to silver). FW and SW eels had a higher lipid content overall compared to BW eels, reflecting differences in food availability and life history strategies. SW eels had higher proportions of certain monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs; 18:1n‐9, 20:1n‐9), and of the essential polyunsaturated FAs 20:5n‐3 (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA) and 22:6n‐3 (docosahexaenoic acid) than FW eels, reflecting a marine‐based diet. In contrast, the muscle of FW eels had higher proportions of 18:3n‐3, 18:2n‐6 and 20:4n‐6 (arachidonic acid), as is typical of FW organisms. MUFA proportions increased in later stage eels, consistent with the hypothesis that the eels accumulate energy stores prior to migration. In addition, the decrease of EPA with advancing stage may be associated with the critical role that this FA plays in eel sexual development. Lipid and FA information provided further understanding of the habitat use and overall ecology of this critically endangered species.