bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface‐Preferred Crystal Plane for a Stable and Reversible Zinc Anode
Authors: Zhou Miao , Guo Shan , Li Jialin , Luo Xiongbin , Liu Zhexuan , Zhang Tengsheng , Cao Xinxin , Long Mengqiu , Lu Bingan , Pan Anqiang , Fang Guozhao , Zhou Jiang , Liang Shuquan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries are largely restricted by the unsatisfactory performance of zinc (Zn) anodes, including their poor stability and irreversibility. In particular, the mechanism behind the electrochemical contrast caused by the surface crystal plane, which is a decisive factor of the electrochemical characteristics of the hostless Zn anode, is still relatively indistinct. Hence, new insight into a novel anode with a surface‐preferred (002) crystal plane is provided. The interfacial reaction and morphology evolution are revealed by theoretical analysis and post‐mortem/operando experimental techniques, indicating that Zn anodes with more exposed (002) basal planes exhibit free dendrites, no by‐products, and weak hydrogen evolution, in sharp contrast to the (100) plane. These features benefit the Zn (002) anode by enabling a long cyclic life of more than 500 h and a high average coulombic efficiency of 97.71% for symmetric batteries, along with delivering long cycling stability and reversibility with life spans of over 2000 cycles for full batteries. This work provides new insights into the design of high‐performance Zn anodes for large‐scale energy storage and can potentially be applied to other metal anodes suffering from instability and irreversibility.
Highly Efficient Electroluminescence from Narrowband Green Circularly Polarized Multiple Resonance Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Enantiomers
Authors: Xu Yincai , Wang Qingyang , Cai Xinliang , Li Chenglong , Wang Yue 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurely organic fluorescent materials that concurrently exhibit high efficiency, narrowband emission, and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) remain an unaddressed issue despite their promising applications in wide color gamut‐ and 3D‐display. Herein, the CPL optical property and multiple resonance (MR) effect induced thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) emission are integrated with high color purity and luminous efficiency together. Two pairs of highly efficient green CP‐MR‐TADF enantiomers, namely, (R/S)‐OBN‐2CN‐BN and (R/S)‐OBN‐4CN‐BN, are developed. The enantiomer‐based organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) exhibit pure green emission with narrow full‐width at half‐maximums (FWHMs) of 30 and 33 nm, high maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of 29.4% and 24.5%, and clear circularly polarized electroluminescence (CPEL) signals with electroluminescence dissymmetry factors (gEL) of +1.43 × 10−3/−1.27 × 10−3 and +4.60 × 10−4/−4.76 × 10−4, respectively. This is the first example of a highly efficient OLED that exhibits CPEL signal, narrowband emission, and TADF concurrently.
An Insightful Picture of Nonlinear Photonics in 2D Materials and their Applications: Recent Advances and Future Prospects
Authors: Ahmed Shakeel , Jiang Xiantao , Wang Cong , Kalsoom Um e , Wang Bing , Khan Jahanzeb , Muhammad Yasin , Duan Yanmin , Zhu Haiyong , Ren Xiangzhong , Zhang Han 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe nonlinear optical (NLO) materials are playing a crucial role in almost all aspects of photonics including imaging frequency, manipulation, photon generation, transmission and detection. The nonlinear optics aims to investigate light response in NLO media, in which the NLO response is normally weak and low energy efficient. A comprehensive summary, discussion, and correlation of the light–matter interaction in the 2D nano‐platform, like graphene and TMDCs, would be inspirational and timely needed. In this contribution, a broad overview and discussion about recent experimental evolution regarding the NLO response and its corresponding applications in various 2D materials are presented. A wide material library including graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, MXenes, semimetals, polymer materials, and hybrid structures (0D, 1D, 3D) are discussed. In this review, the qualitative description of NLO is firstly illustrated, followed by various fundamental NLO processes being highlighted. Fundamental limits of nonlinear optics and some of NLO applications are prospected. It is hoped that this comprehensive review will shed a light on the development of nonlinear optics with 2D materials to be applied in the field of photonics and optoelectronics.
Plasmonic Nanotweezers and Nanosensors for Point‐of‐Care Applications
Authors: Peng Xiaolei , Kotnala Abhay , Rajeeva Bharath Bangalore , Wang Mingsong , Yao Kan , Bhatt Neel , Penley Daniel , Zheng Yuebing 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe capabilities of manipulating and analyzing biological cells, bacteria, viruses, deoxyribonucleic acids (DNAs), and proteins at high resolution are significant in understanding biology and enabling early disease diagnosis. The progress in developments and applications of plasmonic nanotweezers and nanosensors is discussed, where the plasmon‐enhanced light‐matter interactions at the nanoscale improve the optical manipulation and analysis of biological objects. Selected examples are presented to illustrate their design and working principles. In the context of plasmofluidics, which merges plasmonics and fluidics, the integration of plasmonic nanotweezers and nanosensors with microfluidic systems for point‐of‐care (POC) applications is envisioned. Perspectives on the challenges and opportunities in further developing and applying the plasmofluidic POC devices are provided.
Self‐Assembled Ag2S‐QD Vesicles for In Situ Responsive NIR‐II Fluorescence Imaging‐Guided Photothermal Cancer Therapy
Authors: Liu Tianji , Zhang Xuan , Liu Dezhi , Chen Bin , Ge Xiaoguang , Gao Shi , Song Jibin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBioimaging guided photothermal therapy possesses great promise for lesion diagnosis and effective treatment. However, distinguishing lesion from normal tissues for precise cancer therapy remains a great challenge. Herein, a stimulation‐responsive assembled Ag2S vesicle (Ag2S Ve) is proposed by self‐assembly of Ag2S quantum dots (QDs) coated with pH‐sensitive copolymer thiolated polystyrene‐co‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine). The Ag2S Ve shows significant absorption enhancement in the near‐infrared (NIR) region and strong fluorescence inhibition in the second near infrared (NIR‐II) region. Triggered by the acidic environment, the release of Ag2S QDs promptly mediates the quenched NIR‐II fluorescence from “off” to “on.” In vivo studies reveal that the theranostic Ag2S Ve can be specifically activated in acidic tumor tissues, whereas it exhibits nonfunctional in normal tissues. Larger sizes endow vesicles a higher tumor accumulation efficiency and controllable disassembly shows illuminating characteristics toward lesion tissues, which provides an innovative therapeutic strategy for activated NIR‐II fluorescence imaging guided cancer therapy.
Nonlinear Optical Thermometry—A Novel Temperature Sensing Strategy via Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) and Upconversion Luminescence in BaTiO3:Ho3+,Yb3+ Perovskite
Authors: Zheng Teng , Runowski Marcin , Martín Inocencio R. , Lis Stefan , Vega Mauricio , Llanos Jaime 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNonlinear optical spectroscopy may be a powerful tool for sensing of various intrinsic properties of materials and different state functions of the system. This is due to the strong dependence of nonlinear phenomena on numerous physicochemical factors. The feasibility of simultaneously employing the second harmonic generation (SHG) and upconversion luminescence (UCL) processes in BaTiO3:Ho3+,Yb3+ for optical temperature sensing is demonstrated for the first time. Under 976 nm laser excitation, the evolution of the SHG and UCL band intensity ratio is correlated with temperature and calibrated within the temperature range of 25–305 °C. The band intensity ratio between SHG and UCL exhibits a sigmoidal dependence on temperature, and, hence, it can allow the detection of phase transitions from non‐centrosymmetric to centrosymmetric systems, and vice versa. Most importantly, from the perspective of optical temperature sensing, this work provides a novel and effective strategy for nonlinear optical thermometry, with high sensitivity of up to 2.78% °C–1.
Effectively Enhanced Broadband Phototransistors Based on Multilayer WSe2/Pentacene
Authors: Im Healin , Kim Sunkook 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBroadband photodetectors sensitive to light from visible to near‐infrared are essential for various applications such as thermal evaluation, bio‐imaging mapping, and bio‐health monitoring. Multilayer WSe2 offers broad light spectral responses and roles in broadband phototransistors’ active matrix. However, it shows relatively lower photoresponsivity than monolayer WSe2 due to layer‐dependent energy band variations. Pentacene islands, a p‐type organic material, are formed on the multilayer WSe2 to enhance its photoresponsivity under broadband lights. Pentacene islands can prominently absorb ultra‐violet to visible lights and generate enormous excitons. Besides, they have relatively long exciton diffusion lengths in micrometer scales to effectively enable exciton migration and charge transfer at the pentacene and WSe2 interface. Consequently, the photocurrent (Iph) and the photoresponsivity (Rph) in WSe2/pentacene transistors are 1.41 µA and 19.313 A W−1 for 638‐nm light and 0.20 µA and 1.16 A W−1 for 852‐nm light. Therefore, WSe2/pentacene‐based phototransistors can be applied for broadband photodetectors under visible to near‐infrared.
High‐Efficiency Microwave Attenuation of Magnetic Carbon Nanoparticle‐Decorated Tubular Carbon Nanofibers Composites at an Ultralow Filling Content
Authors: Kang Shuai , Qiao Shiya , Cao Yutong , Hu Zuming , Yu Junrong , Wang Yan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFaced with the formidable challenge to achieve a powerful absorption and broad bandwidth under a thin response thickness at a low filler content, tailoring the composition and microstructure of the absorbers is generally regarded as a potential method to tackle it. In the study, unprecedented tubular carbon nanofiber/Co/nanoporous carbon (TCNFs/Co/NPC) hybrids with rich holes are obtained by the direct thermal treatment of tubular polymer nanofibers/ZIF‐67 (TPNFs/ZIF‐67) precursor, which is fabricated by controllable anchor of ZIF‐67 nanocrystals on the surface of sulfonated TPNFs (TPNFs‐SO3H). The dielectric parameters of the resultant samples are reasonably monitored by adjustable TPNFs‐SO3H dosage and filling content. Benefiting from the dielectric‐magnetic compositions and unique heterogeneous and porous configurations, the boosted impedance matching and polarization relaxation are given. Hence, under an ultralow filling content of 8 wt%, a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) value of −54.1 dB corresponding to a matching thickness of 2 mm and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 6.2 GHz at 2.5 mm are exhibited at the TPNFs‐SO3H usage of 100 mg and carbonization temperature of 700 °C, respectively. This work provides an instructive guidance for constructing highly efficient absorbers with strong attenuation and wide frequency range at a low thickness.
Thermoelectric Metamaterials: Nano‐Waveguides for Thermoelectric Energy Conversion and Heat Management at the Nanoscale
Authors: Zianni Xanthippi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe idea of using metamaterials for thermoelectrics was proposed 10 years ago. Enhanced thermoelectric effects and decreased thermal conduction are theoretically demonstrated due to modification of electrons and phonons by quantum interference between propagating and scattered waves at geometrical discontinuities. These structures are now considered promising for breakthrough in thermoelectric energy conversion and heat management at the nanoscale. They could ideally power the Internet of things. This review is devoted to electron and phonon transport properties of thermoelectric metamaterials in the quantum confinement regime. Enhanced thermoelectric effects and decreased thermal conductivity are related with geometrically induced fluctuations, resonances, quasi‐localized states, and minibands. Conduction fluctuations show generic behavior amenable to experimental confirmation. It is emphasized that both electrons and phonons are affected by geometry modulation and that, contrary to what is often assumed, their properties cannot be a priori tuned independently. Effects of periodicity and disorder on electrons and phonons in the same structures indicate strategies to design geometry modulation for high thermoelectric efficiency. Generic principles of operation boost prospects to make technologically important materials (e.g., Si, III–Vs, graphene) efficient thermoelectric materials. Geometrically enhanced thermoelectric properties and controlled heat conduction can cooperate with other functionalities of metamaterials for next‐generation nanodevices.
Single‐ or Poly‐Crystalline Ni‐Rich Layered Cathode, Sulfide or Halide Solid Electrolyte: Which Will be the Winners for All‐Solid‐State Batteries?
Authors: Han Yoonjae , Jung Sung Hoo , Kwak Hiram , Jun Seunggoo , Kwak Hunho H. , Lee Jong Hoon , Hong Seung‐Tae , Jung Yoon Seok 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTwo newly emerging materials for application in all‐solid‐state batteries, namely, single‐crystalline Ni‐rich layered oxide cathode and halide solid electrolyte (SE), are of utmost interest because of their superior properties (good microstructural integrity and excellent electrochemical oxidation stability, respectively) to conventional polycrystalline layered oxides and sulfide SEs. In this work, four electrodes employing single‐ or polycrystalline LiNi0.88Co0.11Al0.01O2 (NCA) and Li3YCl6 or Li6PS5Cl0.5Br0.5 are rigorously characterized by complementary analyses. It is shown that the synergy of employing cracking‐free single‐crystalline NCA and oxidation‐tolerable Li3YCl6 can be achieved by considering intercoupled engineering factors that are prone to overlook, such as size, lightness, and mixing of particles. Accordingly, the highest level of performances in terms of discharge capacity (199 mA h g−1 at 0.1C), initial Coulombic efficiency (89.6%), cycling performance (96.8% of capacity retention at the 200th cycle), and rate capability (130 mA h g−1 at 4C) are demonstrated at 30 °C. Severe side reactions occurring at the Li6PS5Cl0.5Br0.5/NCA interfaces are also quantified and probed. Importantly, an overlooked but significant contribution of the side reaction of Li6PS5Cl0.5Br0.5 to the detrimental electrochemo‐mechanical degradation of polycrystalline NCA is revealed for the first time by postmortem scanning electron microscopy and operando electrochemical pressiometry measurements.
Porosity Engineering of MOF‐Based Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Du Ran , Wu Yifan , Yang Yuchen , Zhai Tingting , Zhou Tao , Shang Qiyao , Zhu Lihua , Shang Congxiao , Guo Zhengxiao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) feature rich chemistry, ordered micro‐/mesoporous structure and uniformly distributed active sites, offering great scope for electrochemical energy storage (EES) applications. Given the particular importance of porosity for charge transport and catalysis, a critical assessment of its design, formation, and engineering is needed for the development and optimization of EES devices. Such efforts can be realized via the design of reticular chemistry, multiscale pore engineering, synthesis methodologies, and postsynthesis treatment, which remarkably expand the scope of applications. By imparting conductive backbones, guest compounds, and/or redox‐active centers, MOFs and their derivatives have been heavily explored for EES in the last decade. To improve the design of MOF‐based materials for EES, the strategies of pore architecturing of MOFs and their derivatives are systematically analyzed and their applications reviewed for supercapacitors and metal‐ion batteries. Potential challenges and future opportunities are also discussed to guide future development.
Metal‐Organic Frameworks Nanocomposites with Different Dimensionalities for Energy Conversion and Storage
Authors: Bai Yang , Liu Chunli , Shan Yuying , Chen Tingting , Zhao Yan , Yu Chao , Pang Huan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as a promising material with unique features such as diverse composition, high porosity, tunable pore structure, and versatile functionality. These characteristics have attracted significant research interest in photochemical and electrochemical energy conversion and storage (ECS). However, the utilization of pristine MOFs in ECS is still hindered by their limited conductivity and functionality. Recently, the integration of MOFs with functional materials has been studied intensively to surmount the deficiencies of pristine MOFs while maintaining their original advantages. The MOFs act as the essential active species, or as supports to accommodate and stabilize these materials. The incorporation can deliver synergistic effects and enhance the properties of MOFs, thus greatly improving their efficiency and stability in ECS. The favorable nanostructures of MOF composites with different dimensionalities including 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D can further enrich their structural diversity. Their advanced nanostructures contribute greatly to the enhanced structural robustness, exposure of active sites, and mass/electron transport, which are promising for practical ECS. In this review, recent progress in the rational design of MOF composites with different dimensionalities is summarized. The extensive applications of MOF composites for ECS systems are also discussed for elucidating their advantages, challenges, and prospects.
Climatic constraints to yield and yield components of temperate japonica rice
Authors: Kim Yean‐Uk , Moon Kanghyun , Lee Byun‐Woo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAlthough temperate japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) production is limited by both low‐ and high‐temperature stresses, the primary constraint was reported to be cold stress in the past. However, the magnitudes of low‐ and high‐temperature stresses may have been altered by global warming. In this study, the major climatic constraints to the yield and yield components of temperate japonica rice grown in field conditions under the current climates were assessed using the random forests method with 14‐yr field trial data (n = 499). Low temperatures had negligible impacts on rice yield under the current climates (2005–2018) in South Korea. Meanwhile, high‐temperature stress was most significant during the ripening stage, followed by the reproductive stage. Yield losses by high temperatures were primarily associated with reduced filled‐grain percentage, followed by reduced 1,000‐grain weight. During the vegetative stage, higher temperature (or higher growing degree days, GDD) decreased the number of panicles per m2 and increased the number of spikelets per panicle, resulting in negligible changes in the number of spikelets per m2 and yield. The effect of solar radiation was most significant during the ripening stage. More solar radiation during the ripening stage enhanced rice yield by increasing filled‐grain percentage and 1,000‐grain weight. This study highlights that the primary constraints to temperate japonica rice grown under the current climates are high‐temperature stresses during the ripening and reproductive stages rather than low‐temperature stresses. Thus, there is an urgent need to explore options for improving the adaptation of temperate japonica rice to anticipated global warming.
Genotype by environment interaction on phenology and synchronous maturity of mungbean
Authors: Marwiyah Siti , Suwarno Willy Bayuardi , Wirnas Desta , Trikoesoemaningtyas  , Sutjahjo Surjono Hadi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGenotype × environment interaction (G×E) of harvest period should be involved to assess the suitability of mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) for monoculture or intercropping cultivations. This research was aimed to study the effect of G×E interactions on phenology and synchronous maturity, the change of genetic parameter estimates, and the stability of harvest period in mungbean. The study was conducted in Bogor, Indonesia, from December 2017 to October 2018 in four environments: wet season, monoculture (WS.M) and intercropping (WS.I); dry season, monoculture (DS.M) and intercropping (DS.I). Ten mungbean genotypes were evaluated in monoculture and intercropping with sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] cultivar Numbu using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The phenological traits, namely days to flowering, days to the first harvest, days to 90% harvest, plant height, number of productive branches, seed weight per plant (SWP), and the synchronous maturity traits, namely harvest period, degree indetermination of plant height (DDh1), degree of indetermination of harvest period (DDd2), were observed. The results showed that the G×E interaction effect was highly significant (p < .01) for all phenological and synchronous maturity traits except DDd2. Phenotypic expression of all traits, except SWP and DDh1, were largely controlled by the genetic factor (h2bs > 59.83%). Kefa, Kawur, VR480B, Lom2, MLB, Vima 2, VR10, VR60 were stable (bi = 1), VR05 was sensitive (bi = 1.70), and No.129 was insensitive (bi = 0.66) and suitable for monoculture in the dry season. The GGE biplot showed Kefa as a stable genotype with the shortest harvest period. Mungbean selection for synchronous maturity can use harvest period trait in monoculture at dry season.
Genetic parameters and selection indexes in F2 and F2:3 soybean populations
Authors: Silva Carolina Oliveira , Hamawaki Osvaldo Toshiyuki , Nogueira Ana Paula Oliveira , Almeida Myckell Ramos Campos de , Castro Douglas Goulart , Marques Fábio Serafim , Lemes Hamawaki Raphael , Hamawaki Cristiane Divina Lemes , Cardoso Gabriela Marques , Diniz Victor Hugo Rodrigues 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe evaluation of genetic parameters in early generations select individuals in F2 and F2:3 and advancing only progenies with the potential to generate pure productive lines. The objectives of this study were to estimate genetic and phenotypic parameters in F2 and F2:3 populations derived from UFUS 7415 and TMG 7161 RR, evaluate different genotype selection strategies, and select progenies to improve agronomic traits. Populations in the F2 and F2:3 generations derived from a biparental cross between the parents UFUS 7415 and TMG 7161 RR were evaluated. The genetic parameters of 360 individuals in the F2 generation and 150 genotypes of each parent were evaluated. Heritability varied from 4.66% for the number of seeds per pod to 86.06% for plant height at flowering. The greatest selection gain was obtained for plant height at flowering (29.68%), related to grain production. In the F2:3 generation, 145 genotypes were evaluated and their parents, in a randomized block design with two replications. The correlations between characters and the genetic gains obtained by direct and indirect selection and based on the genotype–ideotype distance index and the Mulamba and Mock index of the sum of “ranks” were evaluated. With direct selection, selection gains ranged from –5.34 to 16.19%. The genotype–ideotype distance index showed a total selection gain of 40.49%, while the Mulamba and Mock index of the sum of ranks obtained a total gain of 39.35%. Twenty‐three genotypes were selected for the characters evaluated with both indexes in the F3 generation.