bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review of the effects of evidence-based psychotherapies on neurocognitive functioning in mood disorders
Authors: Groves Samantha J , Douglas Katie M , Milanovic Melissa , Bowie Christopher R , Porter Richard J 
Published: July 2021

Objective: Neurocognitive impairment is considered a core feature of mood disorders. Research has shown that neurocognitive impairment often persists beyond mood symptom resolution and can have significant deleterious effects on interpersonal relationships, academic achievement, occupational functioning and independent living. As such, neurocognitive impairment has become an important target for intervention. In this systematic review, we aimed to examine the extant literature to ascertain whether current standard evidence-based psychotherapies can improve neurocognitive functioning in mood disorders. Method: Studies examining changes in neurocognitive functioning following evidence-based psychotherapy were identified using MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Web of Science databases. Given the heterogeneity of study procedures, treatment protocols and patient samples, a narrative rather than meta-analytic review technique was employed. Results: Nineteen studies (21 articles) met inclusion criteria. There was preliminary evidence of improved executive functioning following evidence-based psychotherapy for Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder. There was also some signal of reduced negative biases in emotional information processing following psychotherapy in depression. Due to methodological variability across studies however, it was difficult to draw clear conclusions. Conclusion: Findings from the current review suggest that evidence-based psychotherapies may influence some aspects of neurocognitive functioning in mood disorders. This continues to be an ongoing area of importance and warrants further research.
Using Zoom and Card Game to Conduct Advance Care Planning Classes: An Innovative Practice
Authors: Phenwan Tharin , Peerawong Thanarpan , Jarusomboon Wanna , Sittiwantana Ekkapop , Satian Chararinchorn , Supanichwatana Sojirat 
Published: July 2021

Background This article demonstrates the innovative practice of using a card game to teach participants about Advance Care Planning (ACP) and palliative care in Thailand via Zoom during the COVID-19 pandemic. Aims To assess the feasibility of using online workshops to conduct sensitive topics of palliative care and death and dying. Methods The interactive online workshops were conducted after imposition of the COVID-19 restriction and national lockdown in Thailand between March and September 2020. The sessions were conducted via Zoom meetings and Facebook secret group. Trained facilitators plus one IT team member hosted each workshop. Participants were given an anonymous post-course evaluation with open-ended written feedback form. Content analysed was used. Results Eleven sessions were conducted. 103 participants joined the online classes. Participants gave an overwhelmingly positive of the workshops, emphasising on: (i) convenient; (ii) social connectedness during the lockdown; (iii) bichronous element of the activities.
Improving Patient Education of Facial Fractures Using 3‐Dimensional Computed Tomography
Authors: Wickwire Peter , Kahlon Sukhraj , Kazemi Soroush , Tollefson Travis , Steele Toby , Chang Jennifer , Strong Bradley 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveAdvances in 3‐dimensional modeling have revolutionized presurgical planning for maxillofacial reconstruction, yet little is known about how this technology may affect patient education. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of 2‐dimensional computed tomography versus 3‐dimensional computed tomography for patient education in maxillofacial reconstruction.Study DesignCrossover study.SettingGeneral otolaryngology outpatients from a tertiary referral center were recruited.MethodsA single computed tomography data set of a zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture was used to generate 2 educational video tutorials: one in a 2‐dimensional format and one in a 3‐dimensional format. The tutorials were embedded into the QualtricsXM platform. Participants were randomly assigned into 2 groups. Group 1 viewed the 2‐dimensional tutorial, took a self‐assessment survey, took an information recall survey, viewed the 3‐dimensional tutorial, and finally took a tutorial comparison survey. Group 2 followed the same sequence but viewed the 3‐dimensional tutorial followed by the 2‐dimensional tutorial.ResultsGroup 2 participants (viewing the 3‐dimensional tutorial first) scored better on the self‐assessment survey than their counterparts in group 1 did (P =. 023). Group 2 also scored better on the recall survey (P =. 042). Of all participants, 61% preferred the 3‐dimensional tutorial, and 31% preferred the use of both tutorials together in the comparison survey.ConclusionsThree‐dimensional patient educational tutorial regarding a zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture resulted in better knowledge retention and was preferred over the 2‐dimensional format.
Outcomes of extracorporeal life support for respiratory failure in children with primary immunodeficiencies
Authors: Henry Brandon Michael , Benscoter Alexis L , de Oliveira Maria Helena Santos , Vikse Jens , Perry Tanya , Cooper David S 
Published: July 2021

Objective: Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) may serve as a life-saving rescue therapy in critically ill children with respiratory failure. While survival rates of ECMO in children with secondary immunodeficiency is considered relatively poor, survival rates in children with primary immunodeficiencies (PID) has yet to be thoroughly investigated. Design: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from children (29 days–18 years old). PID patients were identified by using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes. Setting: Data were retrieved from Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry (1989–2018). Interventions: ECMO for a pulmonary support indication. The survival-to-discharge rate was calculated and factors influencing outcomes were compared between survivors and non-survivors. Measurements and main results: A total of 73 eligible ECMO runs were included. The survival-to-discharge rate in pediatric PID patients was 45.2%. No differences were noted in survival based on type of immunodeficiency (p = 0.42) or decade of support (p = 0.98). There was no difference in the rate of pre-ECMO infection in survivors versus non-survivors (p = 0.69). The survival-to-discharge rate in patients with a culture positive infection during the ECMO run was 45.0% versus 45.3% in those with no infection (p = 0.98). In multivariate analysis, only cardiac complications (OR 5.09, 95% CI: 1.15–22.53), pulmonary complications (OR: 13.00, 95% CI: 1.20–141.25), and neurologic complications (OR: 9.86, 95% CI: 1.64–59.21) were independently associated with increased mortality. Conclusion: Children with a PID who require extracorporeal life support due to respiratory failure have a reasonable chance of survival and should be considered candidates for ECMO. The presence of a pre-ECMO infection should not be considered an ECMO contraindication.
Relationship between AGT rs2493132 polymorphism and the risk of coronary artery disease in patients with NAFLD in the Chinese Han population
Authors: Dong Mengzhen , Liu Shousheng , Wang Mengke , Wang Yifen , Xin Yongning , Xuan Shiying 
Published: July 2021

Objective To investigate the relationship between angiotensin ( AGT) rs2493132 gene polymorphism and the risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and coronary artery disease (CAD) in the Chinese Han population. Methods Polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine AGT genotypes. Anthropometric and clinical data were investigated and statistically analyzed in the clinical laboratory department of Qingdao Municipal Hospital. Results The AGT rs2493132 CT + TT genotype was an important risk factor for CAD in patients with NAFLD and NAFLD + CAD in healthy controls. The AGT rs2493132 T allele increased the risk of NAFLD + CAD in healthy controls. The AGT rs2493132 CT + TT genotype and T allele also significantly increased the risk of CAD in patients with NAFLD after adjustments for age, sex, and body mass index. In addition, AGT rs2493132 T allele carriers showed higher total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels compared with non-carriers. Conclusions The AGT rs2493132 CT + TT genotype and T allele significantly increased the risk of developing CAD in patients with NAFLD in the Chinese Han population. The AGT rs2493132 T allele was associated with increased serum TC and LDL levels.
Diagnosis and classification of headache associated with sexual activity using a composite algorithm: A cohort study
Authors: Lin Po-Tso , Wang Yen-Feng , Fuh Jong-Ling , Lirng Jiing-Feng , Ling Yu-Hsiang , Chen Shih-Pin , Wang Shuu-Jiun 
Published: July 2021

Background To differentiate primary headache associated with sexual activity from other devastating secondary causes. Methods In this prospective cohort, we recruited consecutive patients with at least 2 attacks of headache associated with sexual activity from the headache clinics or emergency department of a national medical center from 2005 to 2020. Detailed interview, neurological examination, and serial thorough neuroimaging including brain magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography scans were performed on registration and during follow-ups. Patients were categorized into four groups, i.e. primary headache associated with sexual activity, reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, probable reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, and other secondary headache associated with sexual activity through a composite clinic-radiological diagnostic algorithm. We compared the clinical profiles among these groups, including sex, age of onset, duration, quality, and clinical course (“chronic” indicates disease course ≥ 1 year). In addition, we also calculated the score of the reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome2, a scale developed to differentiate reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome from other intracranial vascular disorders. Results Overall, 245 patients with headache associated with sexual activity were enrolled. Our clinic-radiologic composite algorithm diagnosed and classified all patients into four groups, including 38 (15.5%) with primary headache associated with sexual activity, 174 (71.0%) with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, 26 (10.6%) with probable reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, and 7 (2.9%) with other secondary causes (aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (n = 4), right internal carotid artery dissection (n = 1), Moyamoya disease (n = 1), and meningioma with hemorrhage (n = 1)). These four groups shared similar clinical profiles, except 26% of the patients with primary headache associated with sexual activity had a 3 times greater chance of running a chronic course (≥ 1 year) than patients with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. Of note, the reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome2 score could not differentiate reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome from other groups. Conclusion Our composite clinic-radiological diagnostic algorithm successfully classified repeated headaches associated with sexual activity, which were predominantly secondary and related to vascular disorders, and predicted the prognosis. Primary headache associated with sexual activity and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome presented with repeated attacks of headache associated with sexual activity may be of the same disease spectrum.
Rehabilitation Exercises for Dysfunction of the Scapula: Exploration of Muscle Activity Using Fine-Wire EMG
Authors: Berckmans Kelly R. , Castelein Birgit , Borms Dorien , Parlevliet Thierry , Cools Ann 
Published: July 2021

Background: Scapular muscle activity during shoulder exercises has been explored with surface electromyography (EMG). However, knowledge about the activity of deeper-layer scapular muscles is still limited. Purpose: To investigate EMG activation of the deeper-layer scapular stabilizers (levator scapulae [LS], rhomboid major [RM], pectoralis minor [Pm] muscles) together with superficial muscle activity (upper [UT], middle [MT], and lower trapezius [LT] and serratus anterior [SA]) during 4 exercises often used for training scapular function. Based on the amplitude EMG of the deeper-layer muscles, scapular muscle activation ratios for the 4 exercises were calculated, hereby providing knowledge of the optimal muscle balance. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: A total of 26 healthy participants performed 4 shoulder exercises (side-lying external rotation [ER], side-lying forward flexion, prone horizontal abduction with ER, and prone extension) while simultaneously measuring scapular muscle activity. Intramuscular electrodes were used for the deeper layer, in contrast to surface electrodes for the superficial muscles. All data were normalized to percentage of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC), and the activation ratios (the muscle activity of the deeper layer relative to the other muscles) were calculated. A 1-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction was applied for statistical analysis. Results: Moderate activity was found in all exercises for the LS and RM (25%-45% MVIC). The Pm resulted in low activity during both side-lying exercises (13%-18% MVIC). Ratios involving LS or RM showed values >1 for all exercises (1.28-12.41) except for LS/MT, LS/LT, and LS/RM (0.85-0.98) during side-lying ER, and LS/MT, RM/MT and RM/LS (0.85-0.99) during side-lying forward flexion. Likewise, values <1 were found when MT (0.85) and LS (0.99) were involved with RM in the numerator during side-lying forward flexion. Ratios with Pm in the numerator showed values <1, apart from the ratios with UT and SA in the denominator. Conclusion: The study provides extended knowledge about the deeper-layer scapular muscle activity and related ratios during the 4 shoulder exercises mentioned here. Putting theory into practice, based on our results, we advise both side-lying exercises to be performed to strengthen LT and MT, even in case of hyperactivity of the Pm. However, the 4 exercises should be given carefully to patients with hyperactivity in the LS and/or RM. Clinical Relevance: The findings of this study may assist clinical decision making in exercise selection for restoring scapular function.
Measuring nurses’ moral courage: an explorative study
Authors: Konings Kasper Jean-Pierre , Gastmans Chris , Numminen Olivia Hanneli , Claerhout Roelant , Aerts Glenn , Leino-Kilpi Helena , de Casterlé Bernadette Dierckx 
Published: July 2021

Background: The 21-item Nurses’ Moral Courage Scale was developed and validated in 2018 in Finland with the purpose of measuring moral courage among nurses. Objectives: The objective of this study was to make a Dutch translation of the Nurses’ Moral Courage Scale to describe the level of nurses’ self-assessed moral courage and associated socio-demographic factors in Flanders, Belgium. Research design: A forward–backward translation method was applied to translate the English Nurses’ Moral Courage Scale to Dutch, and a pilot study was conducted to improve readability and understandability. A non-experimental, descriptive cross-sectional exploratory design was used to conduct a survey. Descriptive analysis was used. Participants: The data were collected from a convenience sample of 559 nurses from two hospitals in Flanders. Ethical considerations: Ethical approval was obtained from the university ethics committee, permission to conduct the study was obtained from the participating hospitals. Participants received a guide letter and gave their informed consent. Findings: The readability and understandability of the Dutch Nurses’ Moral Courage Scale were positively evaluated, and the scale revealed a good level of internal consistency for the total scale (α = .914) and all subscales. Nurses’ mean score of the 21-item Nurses’ Moral Courage Scale was 3.77 (standard deviation = 0.537). The total Nurses’ Moral Courage Scale score was associated with age (p < .001), experience (p < .001), professional function (p = .002), level of education (p = .002) and personal interest (p < .001). Discussion and Conclusion: The Nurses’ Moral Courage Scale was successfully translated to Dutch. The Flemish nurses perceived themselves as morally courageous, especially when they were in a direct interpersonal relationship with their patients. Acting courageously in ethical dilemmas that involved other actors or organizations appeared to be more challenging. The results strongly suggest the important role of education and ethical leadership in developing and supporting this essential virtue in nursing practice.
‘It’s Been a Massive Struggle’: Exploring the Experiences of Young People Leaving Care During COVID-19
Authors: Roberts Louise , Mannay Dawn , Rees Alyson , Bayfield Hannah , Corliss Cindy , Diaz Clive , Vaughan Rachael 
Published: July 2021

This article explores the experiences of young people leaving state care during COVID-19. Twenty-one young people, predominantly from Wales, engaged in semi-structured interviews and/or contributed poems and artwork conveying their experiences of the pandemic. The data generated offered insights into young people’s daily lives, including their routines and relationships, as well as access to resources and services. The study found stark disparity in young people’s experiences, with some reassured by support responses, and others feeling neglected and forgotten. As an already disadvantaged group, the challenges presented by COVID-19 further hinder young people’s transitions to adulthood. The ‘massive struggles’ faced by some young people reflect immediate difficulties which also have the potential for longer-term impacts. The recommendations of the study, informed by care-experienced young people, seek to positively influence policy and practice.
The Association Between the XRCC1 Arg399Gln Polymorphism and the Risk of Head and Neck Cancer: An Updated Meta-Analysis Including 14586 Subjects
Authors: Xia Shitong , Wu Sihai , Wang Minghao 
Published: July 2021

Background: Accumulated evidence shows that DNA repair gene X-ray repair cross complementing group 1 (XRCC1) may determine individual susceptibility to head and neck cancer (HNC) as a major DNA repair gene. However, the results from previous studies have been conflictive and inconsistent. In order to more accurately estimate and integrate the association between XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism and HNC risk, we conducted a meta-analysis including 14586 subjects. Methods: In this meta-analysis, literatures were collected up until September 15, 2020 through multifarious retrieval strategies by searching through electronic databases of PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Medline, Web of Science and CNKI. The association between the XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism and HNC was analyzed through calculating summary odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Thirty-one studies consisting of 6025 cases and 8561 controls were identified and analyzed. No significant association between XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphisms and HNC risk was found under the allelic (OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.82-1.07, P = 0.35), homozygous (OR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.81-1.21, P = 0.91), heterozygous (OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.90-1.13, P = 0.91), dominant (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.85-1.29, P = 0.67) or recessive (OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.80-1.08, P = 0.35) genetic models in the overall comparison. In addition, subgroup analyses according to tumor site also displayed no significant association between XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphisms and HNC risk. However, subgroup analyses based on ethnicity indicated that HNC risk was significantly related to Arg399Gln genetic heterozygous model (OR = 1.21, 95%CI: 1.04-1.42, P = 0.02) and dominant model (OR = 1.27, 95%CI: 1.02-1.60, P = 0.04) in Caucasians populations. Conclusion: The results from this meta-analysis suggest that the XRCC1 Arg399Gln variants (Arg/Gln and Arg/Arg+Arg/Gln) may contribute to high HNC risk among Caucasians. Further well-designed studies and larger sample sizes are needed to validate our findings.
Inhabiting the ‘posts’
Authors: Oldfield Sophie 
Published: July 2021

In this commentary, I reflect on Myriam Houssay-Holzschuch’s critical re-conceptualization of the ‘post’ as space-time regime and a means to unearth and engage complex geographies of change in South Africa and other post-colonial and post-socialist contexts. I situate our parallel imperatives to work through entanglements: in Myriam’s case, through metaphors that help engage the complex directionalities that might articulate space-time configurations and their possibilities; in my case, in the wide array of practices, the dialogues and collaboration, the contestations, which root intellectual practice, and the ways in which we inhabit ‘post space-time’. I particularly explore her invitation to engage critically with language to create vocabularies – metaphors and ordinary words – which help ground our work in the imperatives and urgencies, as well as the productive tensions and inspirations, which shape complex ‘post’ configurations.
Development of an interdisciplinary specialist facial pain management programme
Authors: Tetlow John , Ainsley Christian , Twiddy Hannah , Derbyshire Graham , Chawla Rajiv 
Published: July 2021

Aims: This article aims to describe the development of a specialist chronic facial pain (CFP) management programme within an already well-established pain management service, including the content from a multidisciplinary perspective, and present preliminary descriptive 6-month outcomes from patients who have attended the programme. Methods: Authors used their clinical experience of working with people who have a diagnosis of CFP. They researched available literature, liaised with CFP support organisations and visited an existing UK-based CFP programme. Programme content was designed based on findings. The roles of pain interdisciplinary team members involved in delivering the programme are described, as well as a brief description of the structure of the programme and programme sessions provided by each discipline. Results: Clinical outcomes from programme participants were collected at assessment, end of treatment and 6 months post-treatment, which measured relevant outcomes for a pain management programme (PMP). Outcomes from 36 participants at both end of programme and 6 months following completion of programme demonstrate promising improvements. Qualitative data from patient satisfaction questionnaires completed at the end of programme suggest that providing a CFP-specific programme was beneficial for participants, with the main critique being that the programme sessions should be longer than 45 minutes. Conclusion: Attending a CFP-specific programme demonstrated positive 6-month changes in relevant outcome measures for people with CFP. With a small sample size, there is a need for further research into the effectiveness. It would also be beneficial to compare outcomes from the usual PMP treatment with people who have CFP, with outcomes from a CFP-specific programme.