bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure, Properties and Applications of Two‐Dimensional Hexagonal Boron Nitride
Authors: Roy Soumyabrata , Zhang Xiang , Puthirath Anand B. , Meiyazhagan Ashokkumar , Bhattacharyya Sohini , Rahman Muhammad M. , Babu Ganguli , Susarla Sandhya , Saju Sreehari K. , Tran Mai Kim , Sassi Lucas M. , Saadi M. A. S. R. , Lai Jiawei , Sahin Onur , Sajadi Seyed Mohammad , Dharmarajan Bhuvaneswari , Salpekar Devashish , Chakingal Nithya , Baburaj Abhijit , Shuai Xinting , Adumbumkulath Aparna , Miller Kristen A. , Gayle Jessica M. , Ajnsztajn Alec , Prasankumar Thibeorchews , Harikrishnan Vijay Vedhan Jayanthi , Ojha Ved , Kannan Harikishan , Khater Ali Zein , Zhu Zhenwei , Iyengar Sathvik Ajay , Autreto Pedro Alves da Silva , Oliveira Eliezer Fernando , Gao Guanhui , Birdwell A. Glen , Neupane Mahesh R. , Ivanov Tony G. , Taha‐Tijerina Jaime , Yadav Ram Manohar , Arepalli Sivaram , Vajtai Robert , Ajayan Pulickel M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) has emerged as a strong candidate for two‐dimensional (2D) material owing to its exciting optoelectrical properties combined with mechanical robustness, thermal stability, and chemical inertness. Super‐thin h‐BN layers have gained significant attention from the scientific community for many applications, including nanoelectronics, photonics, biomedical, anti‐corrosion, and catalysis, among others. This review provides a systematic elaboration of the structural, electrical, mechanical, optical, and thermal properties of h‐BN followed by a comprehensive account of state‐of‐the‐art synthesis strategies for 2D h‐BN, including chemical exfoliation, chemical, and physical vapor deposition, and other methods that have been successfully developed in recent years. It further elaborates a wide variety of processing routes developed for doping, substitution, functionalization, and combination with other materials to form heterostructures. Based on the extraordinary properties and thermal‐mechanical‐chemical stability of 2D h‐BN, various potential applications of these structures are described.
Updated Insights into 3D Architecture Electrodes for Micropower Sources
Authors: Sha Mo , Zhao Huaping , Lei Yong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMicrobatteries (MBs) and microsupercapacitors (MSCs) are primary on‐chip micropower sources that drive autonomous and stand‐alone microelectronic devices for implementation of the Internet of Things (IoT). However, the performance of conventional MBs and MSCs is restricted by their 2D thin‐film electrode design, and these devices struggle to satisfy the increasing IoT energy demands for high energy density, high power density, and long lifespan. The energy densities of MBs and MSCs can be improved significantly through adoption of a 2D thick‐film electrode design; however, their power densities and lifespans deteriorate with increased electrode thickness. In contrast, 3D architecture electrodes offer remarkable opportunities to simultaneously improve MB and MSC energy density, power density, and lifespan. To date, various 3D architecture electrodes have been designed, fabricated, and investigated for MBs and MSCs. This review provides an update on the principal superiorities of 3D architecture electrodes over 2D thick‐film electrodes in the context of improved MB and MSC energy density, power density, and lifespan. In addition, the most recent and representative progress in 3D architecture electrode development for MBs and MSCs is highlighted. Finally, present challenges are discussed and key perspectives for future research in this field are outlined.
Understanding the Synergistic Oxidation in Dichalcogenides through Electrochemiluminescence Blinking at Millisecond Resolution
Authors: Zhu Hui , Jin Rong , Chang Yu‐Chung , Zhu Jun‐Jie , Jiang Dechen , Lin Yuehe , Zhu Wenlei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe oxidation of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) has been extensively studied and applied in electronics, optics, and energy sources because of its tunable structure and performance. However, due to the lack of appropriate technology, dynamically observe the oxidation process remains an arduous task. Herein, the synergistic oxidation between edge and basal plane in molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is observed through electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) blinking with a millisecond resolution. In addition, the ECL method provides a simple, convenient, and quick way to judge structural changes. The transient elevation of the ECL intensity proved the intermittent doping of oxygen at MoS2, which generates O‐atom active sites. High ECL intensity enhanced from the produced hydroperoxide intermediates eases the monitoring of MoS2 particles. Further study shows that the formation of sulfur vacancies at MoS2, by the edge activation of hydrogen peroxide and the migration of oxygen to the basal plane, is more conducive to oxygen doping that favors the formation of MoOMo as new active sites to induce bursts. The revealing of sulfur vacancy‐governed blinking from MoS2 indicates a complex interaction between oxygen and MoS2. The same phenomenon is observed on tungsten disulfide (WS2), which provides new information about the oxidation feature of 2D dichalcogenides.
Elastic Lattice and Excess Charge Carrier Manipulation in 1D–3D Perovskite Solar Cells for Exceptionally Long‐Term Operational Stability
Authors: Zhan Yu , Yang Fu , Chen Weijie , Chen Haiyang , Shen Yunxiu , Li Yaowen , Li Yongfang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract3D organic–inorganic hybrid halide perovskite solar cells (pero‐SCs) inherently face severe instability issue due to ion migration under operational conditions. This ion migration inevitably results from the decomposition of ionic bonds under lattice strain and is accelerated by the existence of excess charge carriers. In this study, a 1D–3D mixed‐dimensional perovskite material is explored by adding an organic salt with a bulk benzimidazole cation (Bn+). The Bn+ can induce 3D perovskite crystalline growth with the preferred orientation and form a 1D BnPbI3 perovskite spatially distributed in the 3D perovskite film. For the first time, the electro‐strictive response, which has a significant influence on the lattice strain under an electric field, is observed in polycrystalline perovskite. The 1D–3D perovskite can effectively suppress electro‐strictive responses and unbalanced charge carrier extraction, providing an intrinsically stable lattice with enhanced ionic bonds and fewer excess charge carriers. As a result, the ion migration behavior of the p‐i‐n 1D–3D based pero‐SC is dramatically suppressed under operational conditions, showing ultra‐long‐term stability that retains 95.3% of its initial power conversion efficiency (PCE) under operation for 3072 h, and simultaneously achieving an excellent PCE with a hysteresis‐free photovoltaic behavior.
Molecularly Engineered Black Phosphorus Heterostructures with Improved Ambient Stability and Enhanced Charge Carrier Mobility
Authors: Shi Huanhuan , Fu Shuai , Liu Yannan , Neumann Christof , Wang Mingchao , Dong Haiyun , Kot Piotr , Bonn Mischa , Wang Hai I. , Turchanin Andrey , Schmidt Oliver G. , Shaygan Nia Ali , Yang Sheng , Feng Xinliang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOvercoming the intrinsic instability and preserving unique electronic properties are key challenges for the practical applications of black phosphorus (BP) under ambient conditions. Here, it is demonstrated that molecular heterostructures of BP and hexaazatriphenylene derivatives (BP/HATs) enable improved environmental stability and charge transport properties. The strong interfacial coupling and charge transfer between the HATs and the BP lattice decrease the surface electron density and protect BP sheets from oxidation, resulting in an excellent ambient lifetime of up to 21 d. Importantly, HATs increase the charge scattering time of BP, contributing to an improved carrier mobility of 97 cm2 V‐1 s‐1, almost three times of the pristine BP films, based on noninvasive THz spectroscopic studies. The film mobility is an order of magnitude larger than previously reported values in exfoliated 2D materials. The strategy opens up new avenues for versatile applications of BP sheets and provides an effective method for tuning the physicochemical properties of other air‐sensitive 2D semiconductors.
Engineering Photoresponsive Ligand Tethers for Mechanical Regulation of Stem Cells
Authors: Zhang Junsheng , Wong Siu Hong Dexter , Wu Xin , Lei Hai , Qin Meng , Shi Peng , Wang Wei , Bian Liming , Cao Yi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRegulating stem cell functions by precisely controlling the nanoscale presentation of bioactive ligands has a substantial impact on tissue engineering and regenerative medicine but remains a major challenge. Here it is shown that bioactive ligands can become mechanically “invisible” by increasing their tether lengths to the substrate beyond a critical length, providing a way to regulate mechanotransduction without changing the biochemical conditions. Building on this finding, light switchable tethers are rationally designed, whose lengths can be modulated reversibly by switching a light‐responsive protein, pdDronpa, in between monomer and dimer states. This allows the regulation of the adhesion, spreading, and differentiation of stem cells by light on substrates of well‐defined biochemical and physical properties. Spatiotemporal regulation of differential cell fates on the same substrate is further demonstrated, which may represent an important step toward constructing complex organoids or mini tissues by spatially defining the mechanical cues of the cellular microenvironment with light.
High‐Quality Coating of Conformal and Oriented Metal–Organic Framework Cocatalyst Layer for Efficient Photoelectrocatalysis
Authors: Xie Jiale , Yang Pingping , Tang Chun , Chen Tao , Zhong Canyu , Wang Liuliu , Huang Yuelong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as cocatalyst for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is promising but still in its infancy due to the challenge to fabricate high‐quality MOFs coated photoelectrodes. Herein, a successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method is used to fabricate high‐quality conformal and ultrathin MOFs overlayer with preferred orientation on nanoporous BiVO4 films. 20 molecular monolayers of Co‐MOF coated BiVO4 photoanodes exhibit 3.1‐folds of photocurrent density in comparison with pristine BiVO4. The onset potential shows a negative shift of 320 mV. To further demonstrate the extensibility of SILAR method, the alternative Co‐MOF and Ni‐MOF coated BiVO4 photoanodes deliver an enhanced photocurrent density of 2.97 mA cm−2. The PEC performance achieved rivals the reported results of BiVO4 and MOF hybrid photoanodes. The PEC improvements should be attributed to the high‐quality conformal and ultrathin MOFs overlayer, which can efficiently passivate the surface states of BiVO4, and accelerate the hole transfer through Co‐MOF layer. Three critical roles of Co‐MOF overlayer are elaborately revealed. In contrast, hydrothermally prepared BiVO4/Co‐MOF photoanodes possess inferior PEC performance, such as the photocurrent, and stability. This work clearly demonstrates SILAR method is a simple and efficient approach to realize conformal and ultrathin MOF coating with high‐quality.
Facile, Low‐Cost and Flexible Ammonia Sensor Arrays Based on Metallic Ion Charge Carriers and Polymer Matrices
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Li Li , Lu Yang , Zhang Shiqi , Zhang Junyao , Shi Qianqian , Huang Jia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWith the development of industrial and medical technology, chemical sensors based on electron charge carriers are difficult to meet the upping requirements on excellent sensitivity, good selectivity, and portability. Herein, a new type of sensing material is developed via facile preparation method. Metal ions, instead of electrons, are used as charge carriers and distributed in the polymer matrix. As a representative, the ionic conductive gas sensor based on polyacrylic acid and copper ions (PAA‐Cu(II)) is fabricated. The PAA‐Cu(II) sensor exhibits excellent linear response to ammonia (NH3), together with high sensitivity (50.3% for 50 ppm NH3), good selectivity, and fast response/recovery time (10/10.5 s). The sensor also displays high transparency, long‐term air stability, and excellent flexibility. In addition, sensor arrays based on various metal ions (Cu2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Ag+, Fe3+, Mg2+) and polymers (polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethyleneimine) are also developed, and the sensing properties are investigated. The results suggest that metal ions‐based capacitive flexible sensors have great potential for low‐cost chemical sensors and provide a promising strategy for developing new sensing materials.
Multi‐Photon 4D Printing of Complex Liquid Crystalline Microstructures by In Situ Alignment Using Electric Fields
Authors: Münchinger Alexander , Hahn Vincent , Beutel Dominik , Woska Simon , Monti Joël , Rockstuhl Carsten , Blasco Eva , Wegener Martin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAn approach is presented to align the direction of liquid crystal networks or elastomers in situ during multi‐photon laser printing for each voxel in three dimensions by applying a quasi‐static electric field with variable orientation. This approach enables the making of 3D micro‐heterostructures operating under ambient conditions that show large‐amplitude elastic actuation, with temperature serving as the stimulus (“4D microstructures”). The approach involves two novelties. First, a dedicated sample cell with a variable height suitable for laser printing is introduced. It is based on optically transparent electrodes and allows to apply arbitrary electric field vectors in three dimensions, for example, parallel or normal to the substrate plane. Second, a variable optical phase plate combined with a pivotable half‐wave plate warrants a single well‐defined laser focus for nearly all possible quasi‐static electric field vectors. Without the latter, one generally obtains two spatially separated laser foci, an ordinary and an extraordinary one, due to the optical birefringence of the medium induced by the alignment of the liquid crystal director via the applied quasi‐static electric field. The versatility of the approach is illustrated by manufacturing and characterizing several exemplary architectures.
Bidispersed Colloidal Assemblies Containing Xanthommatin Produce Angle‐Independent Photonic Structures
Authors: Lin Zhuangsheng , Gong Zhe , Bower Duncan Q. , Lee Daeyeon , Deravi Leila F. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe biological chromophore xanthommatin (Xa) contributes to the yellow, red, and brown colors and hues in cephalopods and arthropods. In many cases, Xa is also present as part of or coupled to supramolecular nanostructures, whose function has yet to be fully explored. To investigate how such structural elements impact the perceived color of these natural chromophores, amorphous photonic assemblies containing Xa chemically coupled to 100 nm polystyrene nanoparticles (PS100‐XA) are fabricated, and blended with pure polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles of varying sizes. Structural colors are observed comprising these bidispersed colloidal assemblies that are tuned by the particle size of PS nanoparticles, the concentration of PS100‐XA, the local environment, and the method of assembly. In all cases, the addition of PS100‐XA regulates the color hue and contrast of the resultant assemblies by increasing light absorption while minimizing incoherent light scattering. Taken together, the results demonstrate how biochromes like Xa can enhance the color intensity and the diversity in colors present in common photonic assemblies.
Phase Enabled Circular Dichroism Reversal in Twisted Bi‐Chiral Propeller Metamolecule Arrays
Authors: Li Xia , Ji Chang‐Yin , Chen Shanshan , Han Yu , Liu Juan , Li Jiafang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractArtificial chiral structures play a crucial role in the realization of strong chiroptical responses and flexible light manipulation. Here, a unique bi‐chiral propeller metamolecule array is demonstrated in which the geometric chirality of the subunit with intracellular blades is opposite to that of the subunit with intercellular blades. Benefited from the special propeller twists, it is demonstrated that the propeller metamolecule arrays support the phase controlled chiral surface lattice resonances, whose amplitude can be tailored by tuning the coupling of chiral centers to change the interference phase. Specifically, the circular dichroism of the metamolecule array is readily reversed by rotating the propeller blades without changing the local geometry and the lattice parameters. The proposed bi‐chiral propeller metamolecule array and the exotic circular dichroism reversal are further demonstrated in experiments by adopting a nano‐kirigami fabrication method. This work provides a novel paradigm to investigate the profound chiroptical responses and manipulate the advanced spin states of light.
Tailoring the Reactivity of the Langlois Reagent and Styrenes with Cyanoarenes Organophotocatalysts under Visible‐Light
Authors: Louvel Dan , Souibgui Amel , Taponard Alexis , Rouillon Jean , ben Mosbah Mongi , Moussaoui Younes , Pilet Guillaume , Khrouz Lhoussain , Monnereau Cyrille , Vantourout Julien C. , Tlili Anis 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe selective one‐step access to fluoroalkylated hexestrol derivatives, nonsteroidal estrogens, is achieved in good to excellent isolated yields under organophotoredox conditions by using the stable and easy to handle Langlois reagent. Furthermore, the challenging selective hydrotrifluoromethylation of styrenes proceeds under mild reaction conditions without the requirement for any additive. We assume that the solvent drives the reaction pathway towards either the reduction or the dimerization of the radical intermediate generated after initial addition of the fluoroalkyl radical to the styrene. The versatility of the developed system is also extended to encompass radical‐radical cross‐coupling as exemplified here using cyanopyridine. Mechanistic investigations including luminescence and EPR spectroscopy allow to shed light on the different mechanisms.magnified image
Phosphine‐Mediated Rauhut‐Currier‐Type/Acyl Transfer/Wittig Strategy for Synthesis of Spirocyclopenta[c]chromene‐Indolinones
Authors: Sambhaji Vagh Sandip , Hou Bo‐Jhih , Edukondalu Athukuri , Wang Pin‐Ching , Chen Yi‐Ru , Lin Wenwei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA phosphine‐mediated reaction for the construction of spirocyclopenta[c]chromene‐indolinones is reported via a Rauhut‐Currier (RC)‐type/acyl transfer/Wittig sequence. This methodology attributes the chemoselective phosphine addition to the alkynoate which generates the phosphorus zwitterion via RC‐type reaction, and that further undergoes O‐acylation to form the seven‐membered betaine intermediate with acyl chloride in the presence of base. Extensive investigations reveal that the exceptional δ‐acylation occurs through the C−O bond cleavage upon the seven‐membered betaine, and the subsequent Wittig reaction preferentially result in the aforementioned spiro compounds. Furthermore, our protocol could also be applicable to different alkynoates to provide a series of spirocyclopenta[c]chromenones bearing privileged skeletons.magnified image
Study on Significance of Receptor Targeting in Killing of Intracellular Bacteria with Membrane‐Impermeable Antibiotics
Authors: Catania Rosa , Mastrotto Francesca , Moore Chris J. , Bosquillon Cynthia , Falcone Franco H. , Huett Alan , Mantovani Giuseppe , Stolnik Snow 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWater‐soluble antibiotics are largely excluded from therapy of intracellular infections, such as Shigella spp., Listeria spp., or Salmonella spp., due to their inability to permeate mammalian cell membrane. Here, the authors study if targeting offers an advantage to deliver killing doses of membrane‐impermeable antibiotics intracellularly to infected cells. Mannose‐decorated liposomes, loaded with gentamicin, are fabricated to target mannose receptor, a recognition system of (infected) macrophages. Designing a family of liposomes with varying surface presentation of mannose ligand, the authors show a clear dependence of cellular internalization on the ligand surface presentation. Significantly for the killing of intracellular bacteria, the study demonstrates internalization of mannosylated liposomes by the entire population of macrophages, both Salmonella‐infected and non‐infected, resulting in an efficient treatment of intracellular infection. This contrasts with non‐targeted liposomes, where internalization does not occur by a substantial subpopulation of infected cells. The study points to the significance of targeted delivery of antibiotics for treatment of intracellular infections.
Inorganic Nanomaterials with Intrinsic Singlet Oxygen Generation for Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Younis Muhammad Rizwan , He Gang , Qu Junle , Lin Jing , Huang Peng , Xia Xing‐Hua 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInorganic nanomaterials with intrinsic singlet oxygen (1O2) generation capacity, are emerged yet dynamically developing materials as nano‐photosensitizers (NPSs) for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Compared to previously reported nanomaterials that have been used as either carriers to load organic PSs or energy donors to excite the attached organic PSs through a Foster resonance energy transfer process, these NPSs possess intrinsic 1O2 generation capacity with extremely high 1O2 quantum yield (e.g., 1.56, 1.3, 1.26, and 1.09) than any classical organic PS reported to date, and thus are facilitating to make a revolution in PDT. In this review, the recent advances in the development of various inorganic nanomaterials as NPSs, including metal‐based (gold, silver, and tungsten), metal oxide‐based (titanium dioxide, tungsten oxide, and bismuth oxyhalide), metal sulfide‐based (copper and molybdenum sulfide), carbon‐based (graphene, fullerene, and graphitic carbon nitride), phosphorus‐based, and others (hybrids and MXenes‐based NPSs) are summarized, with an emphasis on the design principle and 1O2 generation mechanism, and the photodynamic therapeutic performance against different types of cancers. Finally, the current challenges and an outlook of future research are also discussed. This review may provide a comprehensive account capable of explaining recent progress as well as future research of this emerging paradigm.
Repairable Polymer Solid Electrolyte Gated MoS2 Field Effect Devices with Large Radiation Tolerance
Authors: Chen Di , Li Jiankun , Wei Zheng , Wei Xinjian , Zhu Maguang , Liu Jing , Zhang Guangyu , Zhang Zhiyong , Chen Jian‐Hao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAs human activities expand into naturally or man‐made radiation‐prone environment, the need for radiation‐hardened (Rad‐Hard) electronic hardware surges. The state‐of‐the‐art silicon‐based and 2D materials‐based Rad‐Hard transistors can withstand up to 1 Mrad (Si) of total ionization dose (TID), while higher TID tolerance is being heatedly sought after. Here, few‐layer MoS2 Rad‐Hard field‐effect transistors (FETs) with polymer solid electrolyte (PSE) gate dielectrics are presented. The MoS2 PSE‐FETs exhibit a TID tolerance of up to 3.75 Mrad (Si) at a dose rate of 523 rad (Si) s−1 and can be repaired with a moderate thermal annealing at 100 °C for 5 min. Combining the excellent intrinsic radiation tolerance and the reparability, the MoS2 PSE‐FETs reach a TID tolerance of up to 10 Mrad (Si). Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor‐like MoS2 PSE‐inverters are built and show high radiation tolerance as well. Furthermore, the feasibility of wafer‐scale Rad‐Hard PSE‐inverter array is demonstrated using chemical vapor deposition grown monolayer MoS2. These studies uncover the potential of 2D materials‐based PSE devices in future Rad‐Hard integrated circuits.