bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postpartum Recovery From Meningioma-Related Oculomotor Palsy
Authors: Dawoud Salma A. , Silverman Joanna I. M. , Chung Sophia M. 
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND:
We summarize a case of transient oculomotor nerve palsy in a pregnant woman with a cavernous sinus meningioma. When pregnant women present with acute ophthalmic signs and symptoms, meningioma should be considered during diagnostic workup given the common proximity of growing meningiomas to visual pathways and ocular motor nerves within the parasellar region.

CASE:
A 32-year-old woman, gravida 2 para 1, at 37 weeks of gestation, presented with 2 weeks of diplopia, left-sided ptosis, and left periocular headache. There were no signs of preeclampsia. Examination revealed a left mydriatic pupil, complete left-sided ptosis, and motility deficits consistent with a left pupil–involving oculomotor nerve palsy. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed a cavernous sinus meningioma. Five days after cesarean birth, the ptosis significantly improved; 2 weeks later, the diplopia resolved.

CONCLUSION:
Pregnancy is associated with increased likelihood of intracranial meningioma growth, particularly in the parasellar region. We highlight a rare case of a transient cranial nerve III palsy in a pregnant patient due to cavernous sinus meningioma and review prior published reports.
The Chinese guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (2020)
Authors: Wu Wenming , Chen Jie , Bai Chunmei , Chi Yihebali , Du Yiqi , Feng Shiting , Huo Li , Jiang Yuxin , Li Jingnan , Lou Wenhui , Luo Jie , Shao Chenghao , Shen Lin , Wang Feng , Wang Liwei , Wang Ou , Wang Yu , Wu Huanwen , Xing Xiaoping , Xu Jianming , Xue Huadan , Xue Ling , Yang Yang , Yu Xianjun , Yuan Chunhui , Zhao Hong , Zhu Xiongzeng , Zhao Yupei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs) are highly heterogeneous, and the management of pNENs patients can be intractable. To address this challenge, an expert committee was established on behalf of the Chinese Pancreatic Surgery Association, which consisted of surgical oncologists, gastroenterologists, medical oncologists, endocrinologists, radiologists, pathologists, and nuclear medicine specialists. By reviewing the important issues regarding the diagnosis and treatment of pNENs, the committee concluded evidence-based statements and recommendations in this article, in order to further improve the management of pNENs patients in China.
Angiotensin receptors and neuropathic pain
Authors: Balogh Mihály , Aguilar Clarissa , Nguyen Nicholas T. , Shepherd Andrew J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Growing evidence implicates the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) in multiple facets of neuropathic pain (NP). This narrative review focuses primarily on the major bioactive RAS peptide, Angiotensin II (Ang II), and its receptors, namely type 1 (AT1R) and type 2 (AT2R). Both receptors are involved in the development of NP and represent potential therapeutic targets. We first discuss the potential role of Ang II receptors in modulation of NP in the central nervous system. Ang II receptor expression is widespread in circuits associated with the perception and modulation of pain, but more studies are required to fully characterize receptor distribution, downstream signaling, and therapeutic potential of targeting the central nervous system RAS in NP. We then describe the peripheral neuronal and nonneuronal distribution of the RAS, and its contribution to NP. Other RAS modulators (such as Ang (1-7)) are briefly reviewed as well. AT1R antagonists are analgesic across different pain models, including NP. Several studies show neuronal protection and outgrowth downstream of AT2R activation, which may lead to the use of AT2R agonists in NP. However, blockade of AT2R results in analgesia. Furthermore, expression of the RAS in the immune system and a growing appreciation of neuroimmune crosstalk in NP add another layer of complexity and therapeutic potential of targeting this pathway. A growing number of human studies also hint at the analgesic potential of targeting Ang II signaling. Altogether, Ang II receptor signaling represents a promising, far-reaching, and novel strategy to treat NP.
Changes in blood–spinal cord barrier permeability and neuroimmune interactions in the underlying mechanisms of chronic pain
Authors: Montague-Cardoso Karli , Malcangio Marzia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Advancing our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of chronic pain is instrumental to the identification of new potential therapeutic targets. Neuroimmune communication throughout the pain pathway is of crucial mechanistic importance and has been a major focus of preclinical chronic pain research over the last 2 decades. In the spinal cord, not only do dorsal horn neurons partake in mechanistically important bidirectional communication with resident immune cells such as microglia, but in some cases, they can also partake in bidirectional crosstalk with immune cells, such as monocytes/macrophages, which have infiltrated into the spinal cord from the circulation. The infiltration of immune cells into the spinal cord can be partly regulated by changes in permeability of the blood–spinal cord barrier (BSCB). Here, we discuss evidence for and against a mechanistic role for BSCB disruption and associated changes in neuroimmune crosstalk in preclinical chronic pain. We also consider recent evidence for its potential involvement in the vincristine model of chemotherapy-induced painful neuropathy. We conclude that current knowledge warrants further investigation to establish whether preventing BSCB disruption, or targeting the changes associated with this disruption, could be used for the development of novel approaches to treating chronic pain.
Contribution of colony-stimulating factor 1 to neuropathic pain
Authors: Yu Xiaobing , Basbaum Allan , Guan Zhonghui 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Molecular and cellular interactions among spinal dorsal horn neurons and microglia, the resident macrophages of the central nervous system, contribute to the induction and maintenance of neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury. Emerging evidence also demonstrates that reciprocal interactions between macrophages and nociceptive sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglion contribute to the initiation and persistence of nerve injury-induced mechanical hypersensitivity (allodynia). We previously reported that sensory neuron-derived colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1), by engaging the CSF1 receptor (CSF1R) that is expressed by both microglia and macrophages, triggers the nerve injury-induced expansion of both resident microglia in the spinal cord and macrophages in the dorsal root ganglion and induces their respective contributions to the neuropathic pain phenotype. Here, we review recent research and discuss unanswered questions regarding CSF1/CSF1R-mediated microglial and macrophage signaling in the generation of neuropathic pain.
Neuroimmune interactions and osteoarthritis pain: focus on macrophages
Authors: Geraghty Terese , Winter Deborah R. , Miller Richard J. , Miller Rachel E. , Malfait Anne-Marie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Bidirectional interactions between the immune system and the nervous system are increasingly appreciated as playing a pathogenic role in chronic pain. Unraveling the mechanisms by which inflammatory pain is mediated through communication between nerves and immune cells may lead to exciting new strategies for therapeutic intervention. In this narrative review, we focus on the role of macrophages in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) pain. From regulating homeostasis to conducting phagocytosis, and from inducing inflammation to resolving it, macrophages are plastic cells that are highly adaptable to their environment. They rely on communicating with the environment through cytokines, growth factors, neuropeptides, and other signals to respond to inflammation or injury. The contribution of macrophages to OA joint damage has garnered much attention in recent years. Here, we discuss how macrophages may participate in the initiation and maintenance of pain in OA. We aim to summarize what is currently known about macrophages in OA pain and identify important gaps in the field to fuel future investigations.
Spike vs nucleocapsid SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection: application in nasopharyngeal swab specimens
Authors: Barlev-Gross Moria , Weiss Shay , Ben-Shmuel Amir , Sittner Assa , Eden Keren , Mazuz Noam , Glinert Itai , Bar-David Elad , Puni Reut , Amit Sharon , Kriger Or , Schuster Ofir , Alcalay Ron , Makdasi Efi , Epstein Eyal , Noy-Porat Tal , Rosenfeld Ronit , Achdout Hagit , Mazor Ohad , Israely Tomer , Levy Haim , Mechaly Adva 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPublic health experts emphasize the need for quick, point-of-care SARS-CoV-2 detection as an effective strategy for controlling virus spread. To this end, many “antigen” detection devices were developed and commercialized. These devices are mostly based on detecting SARS-CoV-2’s nucleocapsid protein. Recently, alerts issued by both the FDA and the CDC raised concerns regarding the devices’ tendency to exhibit false positive results. In this work we developed a novel alternative spike-based antigen assay, comprised of four high-affinity, specific monoclonal antibodies, directed against different epitopes on the spike’s S1 subunit. The assay’s performance was evaluated for COVID-19 detection from nasopharyngeal swabs, compared to an in-house nucleocapsid-based assay, composed of antibodies directed against the nucleocapsid. Detection of COVID-19 was carried out in a cohort of 284 qRT-PCR positive and negative nasopharyngeal swab samples. The time resolved fluorescence (TRF) ELISA spike-assay displayed very high specificity (99%) accompanied with a somewhat lower sensitivity (66% for Ct<25), compared to the nucleocapsid ELISA assay which was more sensitive (85% for Ct<25) while less specific (87% specificity). Despite being out-performed by qRT-PCR, we suggest that there is room for such tests in the clinical setting, as cheap and rapid pre-screening tools. Our results further suggest that when applying antigen detection, one must consider its intended application (sensitivity vs specificity), taking into consideration that the nucleocapsid might not be the optimal target. In this regard, we propose that a combination of both antigens might contribute to the validity of the results.Abstract FigureGraphic abstractSchematic representation of sample collection and analysis. The figure was created using BioRender.com
Efficacy of high-pressure balloon for the treatment of arteriovenous fistula stenosis: a meta-analysis
Authors: Li Yu , Cui Wenhao , Wang Jukun , Zhang Chao , Luo Tao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of high-pressure balloon (HPB) versus conventional balloon angioplasty (BA) in treating arteriovenous fistula (AVF) stenosis.Materials and MethodsA meta-analysis was conducted using data acquired from PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, SinoMed, CNKI, WanFang and VIP databases from the time the databases were established to November 2020. All analyses included in the studies comprised the subgroups of HPB and BA. The patency of AVF was compared between the two groups at 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after operation.ResultsNine studies comprising 475 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled results revealed that stenosis rate of AVFs treated with HPB was significantly lower than that of AVFs treated with conventional balloon at 3 months (OR= 0.37, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.67, p<0.001) and 6 months after operation (OR= 0.33, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.75, p=0.008). In addition, the technical success rate of HPB groups was high (OR= 0.14, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.35, p<0.001). However, no significant difference was observed between the experimental and control groups at 12 months after operation (OR= 0.61, 95% CI 0.29 to 1.25, p=0.18). No significant publication bias was observed in the analyses.ConclusionHPB is a potential primary option for the treatment of AVF stenosis, with a lower 3- and 6-month stenosis rate than BA. However, the long-term effect of HPB was not satisfactory; therefore, further research should be conducted to elucidate the relationship between the two groups.
Structural connectome quantifies tumor invasion and predicts survival in glioblastoma patients
Authors: Wei Yiran , Li Chao , Cui Zaixu , Mayrand Roxanne C. , Zou Jingjing , Wong Adrianna L.K.C. , Sinha Rohitashwa , Matys Tomasz , Schönlieb Carola-Bibiane , Price Stephen John 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGlioblastoma widely affects brain structure and function, and remodels neural connectivity. Characterizing the neural connectivity in glioblastoma may provide a tool to understand tumor invasion. Here, using a structural connectome approach based on diffusion MRI, we quantify the global and regional connectome disruptions in individual glioblastoma patients and investigate the prognostic value of connectome disruptions and topological properties. We show that the disruptions in the normal-appearing brain beyond the lesion could mediate the topological alteration of the connectome (P<0.001), associated with worse patient performance (P<0.001), cognitive function (P<0.001), and survival (overall survival: HR: 1.46,P= 0.049; progression-free survival: HR: 1.49,P= 0.019). Further, the preserved connectome in the normal-appearing brain demonstrates evidence of remodeling, where increased connectivity is associated with better overall survival (log-rankP= 0.005). Our approach reveals the glioblastoma invasion invisible on conventional MRI, promising to benefit patient stratification and precise treatment.
Ecophysiology of the cosmopolitan OM252 bacterioplankton (Gammaproteobacteria)
Authors: Savoie Emily R. , Lanclos V. Celeste , Henson Michael W. , Cheng Chuankai , Getz Eric W. , Barnes Shelby J. , LaRowe Douglas E. , Rappé Michael S. , Thrash J. Cameron 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAmong the thousands of species that comprise marine bacterioplankton communities, most remain functionally obscure. One key cosmopolitan group in this understudied majority is the OM252 clade of Gammaproteobacteria. Although frequently found in sequence data and even previously cultured, the diversity, metabolic potential, physiology, and distribution of this clade has not been thoroughly investigated. Here we examined these features of OM252 bacterioplankton using a newly isolated strain and genomes from publicly available databases. We demonstrated that this group constitutes a globally distributed novel genus (CandidatusHalomarinus), sister toLitoricola, comprising two subclades and multiple distinct species. OM252 organisms have small genomes (median 2.21 Mbp) and are predicted obligate aerobes capable of alternating between chemoorganoheterotrophic and chemolithotrophic growth using reduced sulfur compounds as electron donors, with subclade I genomes encoding the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle for carbon fixation. One representative strain of subclade I, LSUCC0096, had extensive halotolerance but a mesophilic temperature range for growth, with a maximum of 0.36 doublings/hr at 35°C. Cells were curved rod/spirillum-shaped, ~1.5 × 0.2 μm. Growth on thiosulfate as the sole electron donor under autotrophic conditions was roughly one third that of heterotrophic growth, even though calculations indicated similar Gibbs energies for both catabolisms. These phenotypic data show that someCa.Halomarinus organisms can switch between serving as carbon sources or sinks and indicate the likely anabolic cost of lithoautotrophic growth. Our results thus provide new hypotheses about the roles of these organisms in global biogeochemical cycling of carbon and sulfur.ImportanceMarine microbial communities are teeming with understudied taxa due to the sheer numbers of species in any given sample of seawater. One group, the OM252 clade of Gammaproteobacteria, has been identified in gene surveys from myriad locations, and one isolated organism has even been genome sequenced (HIMB30). However, further study of these organisms has not occurred. Using another isolated representative (strain LSUCC0096) and publicly available genome sequences from metagenomic and single-cell genomic datasets, we examined the diversity within the OM252 clade, the distribution of these taxa in the world’s oceans, reconstructed the predicted metabolism of the group, and quantified growth dynamics in LSUCC0096. Our results generate new knowledge about the previously enigmatic OM252 clade and point towards the importance of facultative chemolithoautotrophy for supporting some clades of ostensibly “heterotrophic” taxa.
Cannabidiol Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Replication and Promotes the Host Innate Immune Response
Authors: Nguyen Long Chi , Yang Dongbo , Nicolaescu Vlad , Best Thomas J. , Ohtsuki Takashi , Chen Shao-Nong , Friesen J. Brent , Drayman Nir , Mohamed Adil , Dann Christopher , Silva Diane , Gula Haley , Jones Krysten A. , Millis J. Michael , Dickinson Bryan C. , Tay Savaş , Oakes Scott A. , Pauli Guido F. , Meltzer David O. , Randall Glenn , Rosner Marsha Rich 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTThe rapid spread of COVID-19 underscores the need for new treatments. Here we report that cannabidiol (CBD), a compound produced by the cannabis plant, inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection. CBD and its metabolite, 7-OH-CBD, but not congeneric cannabinoids, potently block SARS-CoV-2 replication in lung epithelial cells. CBD acts after cellular infection, inhibiting viral gene expression and reversing many effects of SARS-CoV-2 on host gene transcription. CBD induces interferon expression and up-regulates its antiviral signaling pathway. A cohort of human patients previously taking CBD had significantly lower SARS-CoV-2 infection incidence of up to an order of magnitude relative to matched pairs or the general population. This study highlights CBD, and its active metabolite, 7-OH-CBD, as potential preventative agents and therapeutic treatments for SARS-CoV-2 at early stages of infection.
Myogenetic oligodeoxynucleotide (myoDN) recovers the differentiation of skeletal muscle myoblasts deteriorated by diabetes mellitus
Authors: Nakamura Shunichi , Yonekura Shinichi , Shimosato Takeshi , Takaya Tomohide 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSarcopenic obesity is a complication of decreased muscle mass and strength associated with obesity, and sarcopenia associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious risk factor that may result in mortality. Deteriorated differentiation of muscle precursor cells, called myoblasts, in DM patients is considered to be one of the causes of muscle atrophy. We recently developed myogenetic oligodeoxynucleotides (myoDNs), which are 18-base single-strand DNAs that promote myoblast differentiation by targeting nucleolin. Herein, we report the applicability of a myoDN, iSN04, to myoblasts isolated from patients with type 1 and type 2 DM. Myogenesis of DM myoblasts was exacerbated concordantly with a delayed shift of myogenic transcription and induction of interleukins. Analogous phenotypes were reproduced in healthy myoblasts cultured with excessive glucose or palmitic acid, mimicking hyperglycemia or hyperlipidemia. iSN04 treatment recovered the deteriorated differentiation of plural DM myoblasts by downregulating myostatin and interleukin-8. iSN04 also ameliorated the impaired myogenic differentiation induced by glucose or palmitic acid. These results demonstrate that myoDNs can directly facilitate myoblast differentiation in DM patients, making them novel candidates for nucleic acid drugs to treat sarcopenic obesity.
Efficient Genomic Control for Mixed Model Associations in Large-scale Population
Authors: Hao Zhiyu , Gao Jin , Song Yuxin , Yang Runqing , Liu Di 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAmong linear mixed model-based association methods, GRAMMAR has the lowest computing complexity for association tests, but it produces a high false-negative rate due to the deflation of test statistics for complex population structure. Here, we present an optimized GRAMMAR method by efficient genomic control, Optim-GRAMMAR, that estimates the phenotype residuals by regulating downward genomic heritability in the genomic best linear unbiased prediction. Even though using the fewer sampling markers to evaluate genomic relationship matrices and genomic controls, Optim-GRAMMAR retains a similar statistical power to the exact mixed model association analysis, which infers an extremely efficient approach to handle large-scale data. Moreover, joint association analysis significantly improved statistical power over existing methods.
DeepSea: An efficient deep learning model for single-cell segmentation and tracking of time-lapse microscopy images
Authors: Zargari Abolfazl , Lodewijk Gerrald A. , Mashhadi Najmeh , Cook Nathan , Neudorf Celine W. , Araghbidikashani Kimiasadat , Rubio Stefany , Hrabeta-Robinson Eva , Brooks Angela N. , Hinck Lindsay , Shariati S. Ali 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDynamics and non-genetic heterogeneity are two fundamental characteristics of basic processes of life such as cell division or differentiation. Time-lapse microscopy is the only method that can directly capture the dynamics and heterogeneity of fundamental cellular processes at the singlecell level with high temporal resolution. Successful application of single-cell time-lapse microscopy requires automated segmentation and tracking of hundreds of individual cells over several time points. Recently, deep learning models have ushered in a new era in the quantitative analysis of microscopy images. However, integrated segmentation and tracking of single cells remain challenges for the analysis of time-lapse microscopy images. This work presents a versatile and trainable deep-learning software, termed DeepSea, that allows for both segmentation and tracking of single cells in sequences of phase-contrast live microscopy images. Our segmentation model can easily be trained to segment phase-contrast images of different cell types with higher precision than existing models. Our tracking model allows for quantification of dynamics of several cell biological features of individual cells, such as cell division cycle, mitosis, cell morphology, and cell size, with high precision using phase-contrast images. We showcase the application of DeepSea by analyzing cell size regulation in embryonic stem cells. Our findings show that embryonic stem cells exhibit cell size control in the G1 phase of the cell cycle despite their unusual fast division cycle. Our training dataset, user-friendly software, and code are available herehttps://deepseas.org.