bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body fluids from the rat exposed to chlorpyrifos induce cytotoxicity against the corresponding tissue−derived cells in vitro
Authors: Liang Yu-Jie , Long Ding-Xin , Xu Ming-Yuan , Wang Hui-Ping , Sun Ying-Jian , Wu Yi-Jun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
This study aims to establish an in vitro monitoring approach to evaluate the pesticide exposures. We studied the in vitro cytotoxicity of three different body fluids of rats to the respective corresponding tissue-derived cells.

Methods
Wistar rats were orally administrated daily with three different doses of chlorpyrifos (1.30, 3.26, and 8.15 mg/kg body weight/day, which is equal to the doses of 1/125, 1/50, and 1/20 LD50, respectively) for consecutive 90 days. Blood samples as well as 24-hour urine and fecal samples were collected and processed. Then, urine, serum, and feces samples were used to treat the correspondent cell lines, i.e., T24 bladder cancer cells, Jurkat lymphocytes, and HT-29 colon cancer cells respectively, which derived from the correspondent tissues that could interact with the respective corresponding body fluids in organism. Cell viability was determined by using MTT or trypan blue staining.

Results
The results showed that urine, serum, and feces extract of the rats exposed to chlorpyrifos displayed concentration- and time-dependent cytotoxicity to the cell lines. Furthermore, we found that the cytotoxicity of body fluids from the exposed animals was mainly due to the presence of 3, 4, 5-trichloropyrindinol, the major toxic metabolite of chlorpyrifos.

Conclusions
These findings indicated that urine, serum, and feces extraction, especially urine, combining with the corresponding tissue-derived cell lines as the in vitro cell models could be used to evaluate the animal exposure to pesticides even at the low dose with no apparent toxicological signs in the animals. Thus, this in vitro approach could be served as complementary methodology to the existing toolbox of biological monitoring of long-term and low-dose exposure to environmental pesticide residues in practice.
Causal relationship between educational attainment and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Huang Guiwu , Cai Jiahao , Li Wenchang , Zhong Yanlin , Liao Weiming , Wu Peihui 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Educational attainment is moderately heritable and inversely associated with the risk of rheumatoid arthritis. However, the causality from educational attainment on rheumatoid arthritis remained unknown. Here, we aimed to determine whether educational attainment is causally associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by using Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.

Methods
Summary statistics data for RA were obtained from an available, published meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that included 14,361 RA cases and 43,923 controls of European ancestry. The instrumental variables for educational attainment were obtained from a GWAS meta-analysis that included over 1 million individuals (N = 1,131,881) of European ancestry. MR analyses were mainly performed using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method. Sensitivity analyses were further performed to test the robustness of the association using the weighted median method, MR-Egger, Cochran Q test, “leave-one-out” analysis and MR-PRESSO test.

Results
A total of 387 SNPs were employed as instrumental variables in our MR analysis. Genetically predicted higher educational attainment was associated with a significantly lower risk of RA using the IVW method (odds ratio [OR] = 0.42, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.34–0.52; p = 1.78 × 10− 14). The weighted median method and MR Egger regression analysis yielded consistent results. The effect estimate remained robust after the outlier variants and SNPs (associated with the confounding factors) were excluded. “Leave-one-out” analysis confirmed the stability of our results. Additionally, the results suggested the absence of the horizontal pleiotropy.

Conclusions
The MR analysis supported a potential inverse causative relationship between educational attainment and the risk of RA.
Narrating North Korean History through Socialist Bloc Archives: Opportunities and Pitfalls
Authors: Person James F. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
While the secretive North Korean government restricts access to its archives, and reliable statistical data is hard to come by, scholars have access to many more sources on North Korean history than most people think. Among the available materials is the diplomatic record of North Korea’s former communist allies, which provides backdoor access into prevailing political, economic, and cultural conditions in the DPRK throughout the Cold War. These materials have shed rare light on flash points in modern Korean history, including the Korean War and incidents that transformed North Korea’s political and diplomatic behavior, for example the 1956 August Plenum of the Korean Workers’ Party. Yet, as this article argues, these materials are not without their shortcomings and come with a few caveats. Scholars should not treat what these materials report as empirical fact on the grounds of which one can write an authoritative history of the DPRK. Just as no responsible scholar of American foreign relations would utilize US records without questioning them for evidence of Orientalist thinking, scholars utilizing the Soviet bloc records should first interrogate the materials for subjective perceptions or racialized assumptions about North Korea’s political and cultural inferiority that influenced the diplomats who authored the documents.
Interrupting “The Sadist’s Gaze”
Authors: Sanos Sandrine 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article proposes that returning Denise Riley’s work on (and troubling of) the category of “women” offers a feminist theorizing and politics that remains both critical and relevant to the political present. It argues that reading Riley again, alongside other anti-essentialist feminist thinkers, reveals the distinctiveness, force, and capaciousness of her project, which lay in her attention to historicity, form, language, and affect. It is precisely the poetics of Riley’s feminist thought that sustain the critical orientation that must animate feminism’s utopian desires.
Traditional Medicare Spending on Inpatient Episodes as Hospitalizations Decline
Authors: Keohane Laura M , Kripalani Sunil , Buntin Melinda B 
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVETo describe Medicare inpatient episode spending trends between 2009 and 2017 as inpatient use declined among traditional Medicare beneficiaries.METHODSInpatient episodes included claims for all traditional Medicare inpatient, outpatient, and Part D services provided during the 30 days prehospitalization, the inpatient stay, and the 90 subsequent days. We describe the mean number of episodes per 1000 beneficiaries, mean episode‐related spending per beneficiary, and mean spending per episode for all beneficiaries and for specific populations and types of episodes. Spending measures are reported with and without adjustment for payment rate increases over the study period.RESULTSThe number of inpatient‐initiated episodes per 1000 beneficiaries declined by 18.2% between 2009 and 2017 from 326 to 267. After adjusting for payment rate increases, Medicare spending per beneficiary on episode‐related care declined by 8.9%, although spending per episode increased by 11.4% over this period. Between 2009 and 2017, all subgroups defined by age, sex, race, or Medicaid status experienced declines in inpatient use accompanied by decreased overall episode‐related spending per beneficiary and increased spending per episode. Larger declines in the number of episodes per 1000 beneficiaries were seen among episodes that began with a planned admission (28.8%) or involved no use of post–acute care services (23.9%). When comparing admissions according to medical diagnosis, the largest decline occurred for episodes initiated by a hospitalization for a cardiac or circulatory condition (31.8%).CONCLUSIONMedicare inpatient episodes per beneficiary decreased, but spending decreases due to declining volume were offset by increased spending per episode.
A structured evaluation of the symptomatic medial Oxford unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA)
Authors: Janssen Stein J. , van Oost Iris , Breugem Stefan J.M. , van Geenen Rutger C.I. 
Published: October 2021

Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) has several advantages over total knee arthroplasty; however, in many reports, the risk of revision remains higher after UKA. Many reasons for failure of UKA exist. Successful treatment starts with accurate assessment of the symptomatic UKA as a specific mode of failure requires a specific solution. A structured and comprehensive evaluation aids assessment of the symptomatic UKA. This review provides an overview of the causes for a symptomatic medial UKA, its risk factors, diagnostic modalities that can be used, and briefly discusses treatment options. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:850-860. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200105
Two families, many stories and the value of autobiography
Authors: Finch Dame Janet , Morgan David H.J. 
Published: October 2021

This article is based on many enjoyable conversations with David Morgan over the years, on the topic of our own lived experiences of ‘family’. In order to consider them more systematically, we each wrote an autobiographical account of our experiences up to the age of eighteen, and began to compare them sociologically. When David died in June 2020 the project was by no means finished but he had left a preliminary paper, largely in note form, which he had presented to the annual meeting of the BSA (British Sociological Association) Auto/Biography study group in 2018. I have taken those notes and developed them into this article. It is not intended to be a polished academic piece. It is an account of an unfinished project, in which I have tried to stay as close as possible to David’s notes whilst making it appropriate for a readership rather than an audience.
Janet Finch
Using a new diagnostic tool to predict lymph node metastasis in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer leads to simple lymphadenectomy decision rules: A multicentre study from the FRANCOGYN group
Authors: Mimoun Camille , Paoletti Xavier , Gaillard Thomas , Crestani Adrien , Benifla Jean-Louis , Mezzadri Matthieu , Bendifallah Sofiane , Touboul Cyril , Bricou Alexandre , Dabi Yohann , Canlorbe Geoffroy , Kerbage Yohan , Lavoué Vincent , Ouldamer Lobna , Lecointre Lise , Coutant Charles , Fauconnier Arnaud , Rouzier Roman , Huchon Cyrille 
Published: October 2021

Objective
The aim of this study was to develop a new diagnostic tool to predict lymph node metastasis (LNM) in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer undergoing primary cytoreductive surgery.

Materials and method
The FRANCOGYN group’s multicenter retrospective ovarian cancer cohort furnished the patient population on which we developed a logistic regression model. The prediction model equation enabled us to create LNM risk groups with simple lymphadenectomy decision rules associated with a user-friendly free interactive web application called shinyLNM.

Results
277 patients from the FRANCOGYN cohort were included; 115 with no LNM and 162 with LNM. Three variables were independently and significantly (p<0.05) associated with LNM in multivariate analysis: pelvic and/or para-aortic LNM on CT and/or PET/CT (p<0.00), initial PCI ≥ 10 and/or diaphragmatic carcinosis (p = 0.02), and initial CA125 ≥ 500 (p = 0.02). The ROC-AUC of this prediction model after leave-one-out cross-validation was 0.72. There was no difference between the predicted and the observed probabilities of LNM (p = 0.09). Specificity for the group at high risk of LNM was 83.5%, the LR+ was 2.73, and the observed probability of LNM was 79.3%; sensitivity for the group at low-risk of LNM was 92.0%, the LR- was 0.24, and the observed probability of LNM was 25.0%.

Conclusion
This new tool may prove useful for improving surgical planning and provide useful information for patients.
Civil law and the role of the State
Authors: Harmathy Attila 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe profound changes in both everyday life and the legal system over the last hundred years have transformed civil law as well. While the notion that civil law concerns relationships of private persons still prevails, the traditional public law–civil law division now seems questionable. This paper points out some of the key changes in civil law within the framework of the transformation of the legal system as a whole, and seeks to outline a different approach that may help better to understand the present situation.
Intensity of Macrophage Infiltration in Glomeruli Predicts Response to Immunosuppressive Therapy in Patients with IgA Nephropathy
Authors: Xie Di , Zhao Hao , Xu Xin , Zhou Zhanmei , Su Cailing , Jia Nan , Liu Youhua , Hou Fan Fan 
Published: October 2021

Significance Statement
The lack of a tool for predicting the response to immunosuppressive therapy in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) limits patient-specific risk stratification and early treatment decisions. To derive and validate the models for predicting response to immunosuppressive therapy in IgAN that can be applied at the time of kidney biopsy, the authors conducted a prospective cohort study of 621 Chinese patients with IgAN. Patients had persistent proteinuria of ≥1 g/d, despite 3 months of optimized supportive care with renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, and received immunosuppressive therapy. The authors used immunohistochemistry to identify cellular infiltrates in biopsy specimens and digital image analysis to quantify them. The intensity of glomerular macrophage infiltration, alone or combined with clinical and histologic data, accurately predicted the response to immunosuppression and, thus, may help physicians identify patients with IgAN who will benefit from immunosuppression.

Background
The lack of a tool for predicting the response to immunosuppressive therapy in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) limits patient-specific risk stratification and early treatment decision making. Models for predicting response to immunosuppression in IgAN that can be applied at the time of kidney biopsy are needed.

Methods
This prospective cohort study involved 621 Chinese patients with IgAN who were at high risk for disease progression and had persistent proteinuria ≥1 g/d, despite 3 months of optimized supportive care with renin-angiotensin system inhibitors. Participants received immunosuppressive therapy for a median of 18 months. We used immunochemistry to identify macrophage and lymphocyte infiltrates in biopsy specimens and digital image analysis to quantify them. The outcome was response to immunosuppression, defined as complete or partial remission within 12 months of immunosuppression.

Results
Kidney infiltration of CD68+ and CD206+ macrophages increased in patients with IgAN. Having higher levels of glomerular CD206+ macrophage infiltration was associated with a 40-fold increased probability of response to immunosuppression in adjusted analysis compared with having lower levels. Patients with a higher intensity of glomerular CD68+ infiltrates had a 13-fold increase in probability of responding to immunosuppression. Intensity of glomerular CD206+ and CD68+ macrophage infiltration predicted the response to immunosuppression (area under the curve [AUC], 0.84; 95% CI, 0.81 to 0.88). The AUC increased to 0.87 (95% CI, 0.84 to 0.91) in a model combining the infiltration score of CD206+ and CD68+ infiltrates with the MEST-C score and clinical data at biopsy.

Conclusions
Intensity of glomerular macrophage infiltration predicted response to immunosuppressive therapy in patients with IgAN who were at high risk of progression, and may help physicians identify patients who will benefit from such treatment.
The study of the prevalence of vitamin D3 deficiency and its relationship with blood glucose level after coronary artery bypass graft operation among patients with diabetes
Authors: Nasiri Babak , Eghbal Mohammad Ali , Taban Sadeghi Mohammadreza , Parizad Razieh , Darzi Ali Asghar , Nazeri Parisa , Abbasnezhad Mohsen , Khezerlouy Aghdam Naser 
Published: October 2021

Objectives: Nowadays, vitamin D3 (VitD3) deficiency is among the most common dietary deficiencies around the world. Researchers have paid more attention to VitD3 because it is a vital element of the body and has a plausible relationship with various diseases such as diabetes mellitus type II. This study was conducted to examine the prevalence of vitamin D3 deficiency and its relationship with blood sugar levels in people with diabetes undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).
Methods: An observational study was conducted in 2017 in Shahid Madani Hospital, Tabriz, Iran, for 8 months. Due to the use of census sampling, only 115 patients with diabetes and open-heart surgery were enrolled in the study. A questionnaire collected information on the participants' demographics, medical history, VitD3 levels and blood glucose levels. Data were analyzed using SPSS ver. 25. Independent t-test was used to compare quantitative data, and chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables.
Results: One hundred and fifteen out of 348 patients who had CABG surgery were diabetic. Moreover, 24.7% of patients with diabetes had VitD3 deficiency. The results of the coefficient-correlation test indicated that there was a significant relationship between the mean blood glucose level and VitD3 level (p < 0.05).
Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that patients with diabetes can improve their blood glucose control after CABG surgery by taking sufficient VitD3. Therefore, it should be considered as a principle of the hospital operation to prescribe VitD3 prior to surgery for these patients.
Increasing the durability of cylindrical parts of wheelcarms of railway
Authors: Aftanaziv Ivan , Shevchuk Lily , Strogan Orissa , Strutynska Lesya , Strogan I. 
Published: October 2021

A description of a new design of a vibrating machine for strengthening the surface plastic deformation of cylindrical long parts, in particular stabilizers of wheeled carriages of railway cars, is given. The main design and technological parameters of the process of vibration – centrifugal strengthening of these parts are outlined. The influence of technological parameters of this hardening process on such basic indicator of hardening processing as depth of hardening is experimentally investigated on cylindrical samples from 45 steel. Mathematical dependences for the choice of optimal values of design and technological parameters of this hardening treatment are given.
The list of long cylindrical parts for which vibration – centrifugal strengthening treatment is suitable and effective is outlined, among which torsion shafts of suspension of military tanks, axles of wheels of railway transport, drilling and casing pipes of gas and oil wells.
A Phase-Field Based Approach for Modeling the Cementation and Shear Slip of Fracture Networks
Authors: Jammoul Mohamad , Wheeler Mary 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Modeling the geomechanical deformations of fracture networks has become an integral part of designing enhanced geothermal systems and recovery mechanisms for unconventional reservoirs. Stress changes in the reservoir can cause large variations in the apertures of fractures resulting in drastic changes in their transmissivities. At the same time, sustained high injection pressures can induce shear slipping along existing fractures and faults and trigger seismic activity.
In this work, a novel approach is introduced for the simulation of cementation and shear slip of fractures on very general semi-structured grids. Natural fracture networks are represented in large scale reservoirs using the phase-field approach. The fluid flow through fractures is simulated on spatially non-conforming grids using the enhanced velocity mixed finite element method. The geomechanics equations are discretized using the continuous Galerkin finite element method. The single-phase flow and mechanics equations are decoupled using the fixed stress iterative scheme. The model can predict shear slipping and opening/closure of fractures due to induced stresses and poromechanical effects.
Two synthetic examples are presented to model the effects of injection/production processes on the cementation and shear slip of fractures. The impact of the fractures' orientation and their connectivity on the hydromechanical response of the reservoir is also considered. The examples illustrate the strong impact of the dynamic behavior of fractures and the accompanying poroelastic deformations on the safety and productivity of subsurface projects.
Acute PEBI Grid Generation for Reservoir Geometries
Authors: Manzooor Shahid , Edwards Michael G. , Dogru Ali H. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
An unstructured grid generation method is presented that automates control-volume boundary alignment to geological objects and control point alignment to complex wells. The grid generation method is coupled with an iterative acute mesh reconstruction technique, to construct essentially acute triangulations, while satisfying quite general geometric constraints. For well aligned grids control points are constrained to the well trajectory and protection circles are used, whereas for boundary aligned grids halo construction is performed. Unstructured Delaunay triangulations (DT) have the desirable locally orthogonal perpendicular bisectional (PEBI) property, required by the industry standard two-point flux approximation for consistency for isotropic fields. The PEBI property can only be exploited if such grids are comprised of acute simplexes, with circumcentres located inside their respective elements. The method presented enables acute DT layered mesh generation while honoring internal boundaries and wells in a two dimensional space. A dual (Voronoi) grid derived from a feature honored simplicial mesh is then projected in the vertical direction generating 2.5D PEBI grids. Effectiveness of the method to construct acute PEBI grids honoring geological objects and complex wells is demonstrated by meshing representative reservoir geometries. Numerical results are presented that verify consistency of the two-point flux on the resulting boundary-aligned acute PEBI grids. Development of an unstructured grid generation method which 1) Automates interior boundary alignment, 2) Honors features with respect to control point and/or control volume, and 3) Generates acute PEBI grids for reservoir geometries is presented. A unique workflow is presented to generate boundary aligned acute PEBI grids for complex geometries. Development of boundary aligned grids that honor both geological objects and multilateral complex wells, together with mesh reconstruction to ensure circumcenter containment is presented. Further, 3D PEBI grid generation method which can limit refinement to well perforations and geological objects is also described.