bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disparate Health Care in Barrett's Esophagus: The First Step Is Awareness
Authors: Katzka David A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Disparities in medical treatment related to differences in race, gender, and creed are present in all fields of practice. This a complex issue requires multiple perspectives to gain advancements in patient care. This editorial examines the recently published article uses the GI Quality Improving Consortium to investigate disparities in adherence to quality indicators in Barrett's esophagus.
Impact of COVID-19 on Prescribing Trends of Direct-Acting Antivirals for the Treatment of Hepatitis C in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Konstantelos Natalia , Shakeri Ahmad , McCormack Daniel , Feld Jordan J. , Gomes Tara , Tadrous Mina 
Published: April 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) are curative treatments for hepatitis C. However, initiation of these treatments requires adequate healthcare access. Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) resulted in restrictions to healthcare services in March 2020. We examined the impact of COVID-19 on the number of individuals dispensed DAAs.

METHODS:
This is a cross-sectional study examining the number of individuals dispensed DAAs in Ontario, Canada, from 2018 to 2020. Time-series models determined the impact of healthcare restrictions on DAA dispensations.

RESULTS:
Healthcare restrictions resulted in a 49.3% decrease in DAA dispensations (P = 0.026).

DISCUSSION:
COVID-19-related healthcare restrictions significantly affected access to DAAs. Studies exploring the long-term effects on reduced treatment are needed.
Trends in the Economic Burden of Chronic Liver Diseases and Cirrhosis in the United States: 1996–2016
Authors: Ma Christopher , Qian Alexander S. , Nguyen Nghia H. , Stukalin Igor , Congly Stephen E. , Shaheen Abdel Aziz , Swain Mark G. , Teriaky Anouar , Asrani Sumeet K. , Singh Siddharth 
Published: April 2021

INTRODUCTION:
The management of chronic liver diseases (CLDs) and cirrhosis is associated with substantial healthcare costs. We aimed to estimate trends in national healthcare spending for patients with CLDs or cirrhosis between 1996 and 2016 in the United States.

METHODS:
National-level healthcare expenditure data developed by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluations for the Disease Expenditure Project and prevalence of CLDs and cirrhosis derived from the Global Burden of Diseases Study were used to estimate temporal trends in inflation-adjusted US healthcare spending, stratified by setting of care (ambulatory, inpatient, emergency department, and nursing care). Joinpoint regression was used to evaluate temporal trends, expressed as annual percent change (APC) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Drivers of change in spending for ambulatory and inpatient services were also evaluated.

RESULTS:
Total expenditures in 2016 were $32.5 billion (95% CI, $27.0–$40.4 billion). Over 65% of spending was for inpatient or emergency department care. From 1996 to 2016, there was a 4.3%/year (95% CI, 2.8%–5.8%) increase in overall healthcare spending for patients with CLDs or cirrhosis, driven by a 17.8%/year (95% CI, 14.5%–21.6%) increase in price and intensity of hospital-based services. Total healthcare spending per patient with CLDs or cirrhosis began decreasing after 2008 (APC −1.7% [95% CI, −2.1% to −1.2%]), primarily because of reductions in ambulatory care spending (APC −9.1% [95% CI, −10.7% to −7.5%] after 2011).

DISCUSSION:
Healthcare expenditures for CLDs or cirrhosis are substantial in the United States, driven disproportionately by acute care in-hospital spending.
Colonoscopy Versus Fecal Immunochemical Test for Reducing Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Population-Based Case–Control Study
Authors: Kim Su Young , Kim Hyun-Soo , Kim Yun Tae , Lee Jung Kuk , Park Hong Jun , Kim Hee Man , Kang Dae Ryoung 
Published: April 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Use of colonoscopy or the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) for colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention is supported by previous studies. However, there is little specific evidence regarding comparative effectiveness of colonoscopy or FIT for reducing CRC risk. In this study, we compared the association of CRC risk with colonoscopy and FIT using a nationwide database.

METHODS:
This population-based case–control study used colonoscopy and FIT claims data from the Korean National Health Insurance System from 2002 to 2013. Data were analyzed from 61,221 patients with newly diagnosed CRC (case group) and 306,099 individuals without CRC (control group). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between CRC and colonoscopy or FIT.

RESULTS:
Colonoscopy was associated with a reduced subsequent CRC risk (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.29). Stronger associations were found between colonoscopy and distal CRC, compared with proximal CRC (0.24 vs 0.47). In an analysis stratified by sex, the association was weaker in female subjects compared with male subjects (0.33 vs 0.27). Any FIT exposure was associated with CRC risk with an OR of 0.74; this association was stronger for distal cancer. As the frequency of cumulative FIT assessments increased (from 1 to ≥5), the OR of FIT exposure for CRC gradually decreased from 0.81 to 0.45.

DISCUSSION:
The association of colonoscopy or FIT with reduced CRC risk was stronger for distal CRC than for proximal CRC. FIT showed less CRC risk reduction than colonoscopy. However, as the frequency of cumulative FIT assessments increased, the association with CRC prevention became stronger.
Comfortable Room Condition for Working and Resting
Authors: Wardana Jovina Evangeline , Dewi Ova Candra , Sari Joice Sandra 
Published: April 2021

This paper aims to determine the comfortable room condition in terms of room organization, lighting and room temperature. Due to the pandemic, many workers are forced to bring their outside home activities back home. Many of them struggle in finding one suitable and comfortable space as they do not have a dedicated space to do the work from home. A bedroom, as one of the potential rooms to maintain the balance between work and rest at home, are observed for space adjustment, especially the organisation of space, lighting and room temperature to maintain the comfort. The comfortable room condition needs to support the bedroom as a working and relaxing space. This study consists of literature review about space, lighting and temperature and observation of two study case studies. This study concludes that the room organization, lighting and room temperature affects the user physically and psychologically which results in the comfort of the user. As a worker, to increase comfort level and have good rest balance, the user needs to adjust the variables of lighting, room temperature and room organization to achieve the optimum comfort level.
In Searching Architecture and City Pattern as the Mark of Old Coastal Semarang, Indonesia
Authors: Rukayah R Siti , Abdullah Muhammad 
Published: April 2021

Based on the previous research on the former of Semarang capital city, Kanjengan, there is a supposition that the area is a coastal city. As the consequence of the sedimentation process occurred by Java Island, Semarang city, and some cities in Java are no longer on the seashore. The cities that are archived in the Map of Indonesia in the 15th century and some records from foreign sailors, absolutely have several different conditions compared to the past and the present condition. How the architecture and the city’s patterns of the Old Semarang? The method of this research was conducted by exploring historical articles, toponyms, maps, and old pictures which were then compared with the remaining architecture and spatial patterns. The reading of old maps and pictures was done by using the seeing by believing approach. The analysis was performed by using the manual sketch. The architectural heritage like the former lighthouse, commercial corridors in the north of the square, and toponyms were tools to prove that the area was a seaport and a waterfront city. Old Coastal Semarang has an Architecture and urban design concept as the main gate from the sea to the city center at the time. Surrounding the main gate, they were the existence of the former lighthouse (the Menara Layur Mosque), multi-ethnics houses, toponyms indicating that some places were a former harbor, and the remaining trade corridor connecting the port and the local government center. This concept is similar to the Islamic Sultanates on the north coast of Java and the waterfront-based cities in the interior of Java. It is assumed that Semarang Old city has a similar role with the other Islamic Sultanates. This area is proper to be a city conservation area and become a part that is integrated into future urban planning.
Faktor - Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Komitmen Dokter di Puskesmas untuk Tidak Merujuk Kasus Non-Spesialistik Pasien BPJS di Kota Semarang
Authors: Sucipto Hendro , Suryawati Chriswardani , Jati Sutopo Patria 
Published: April 2021

Patients who should be able to be treated at the health center (puskesmas) but because of some matters referred to and handled in a hospital, it is a waste of health costs. Hence, BPJS will pay more according to INA CBG's tariff. 3 Advanced Health Facilities, in this case a hospital, is also object to having to deal with non-specialist cases, while the case can actually be completed at the first health facility. Handling non-specialist cases in hospitals leads to health services being less well targeted. The hospital will be very busy handling patients who are not supposed to, while patients who really need treatment in the hospital can be neglected. 2 This study aims to analyze factors which influence the commitment of doctors not to refer to non-specialist cases in health centers in the city of Semarang The study was conducted with a cross sectional quantitative research design. The data were collected by calculating the total results of the questionnaire measurements on each variable with a Likert scale on 73 doctors in 37 health centers spread across the city of Semarang. The study was conducted during March to May 2018. The results showed that the number of non-specialist cases of BPJS Health participant patients was still relatively high. This has to do with the commitment of doctors at the health center not to refer to non-specialist cases. The most influence factor to the commitment of doctors not to refer to non-specialist cases was the doctor's perception of the completeness of facilities and infrastructure and the doctor's perception of his competence
The state of soil microbiotes during sunflower growing with an herbicide of imidazolinone group
Authors: Kostyuchenko Natalia , Lyakh Viktor , Soroka Anatoliy 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The effects of various concentrations of herbicide Euro-Lightning Plus on the state of microbiota in the root zone of sunflower have been studied. Soil of plant rhizosphere and interrow soil after treatment with the herbicide at the doses of 1.2 and 2.5 l/ha were taken for the analysis at the end of sunflower growing season. Rhizosphere soil without herbicide application was used as a control. The herbicide was applied at the stage of 2–4 true leaves. The total number of bacteria in the rhizosphere of control plants was 12.82 million CFU/g of soil while in the rhizosphere and in the interrow soil after herbicide treatment with a dose of 2.5 l/ha it decreased by 1.4–1.5 times. A general trend of decline in number of the basic ecological and trophic groups of bacterial microorganisms with the increase in a dose of herbicide was established. Microbiological coefficients that reflect the functional activity of the microflora indicate changes in its biological activity under the influence of the herbicide Euro-Lightning Plus, which leads to deterioration in the agroecological state of the studied soils. It was also found that herbicide application resulted in a rearrangement of micromycete complexes in the root zone of sunflower which led to a two-fold reduction, compared to the control, of mycobiota species diversity and the formation of a specific species composition of mycocenoses. A greater genus and species diversity of fungi of the microflora in the rhizosphere of control plants, in comparison with the herbicide-treated soil, was revealed. A reduction in species diversity of the genus Penicillium from six species in the control to 1–2 species in the rhizosphere of experimental sunflower plants as well as the absence of rare saprophytic fungi species from the genera Acremonium, Verticillium, Trichoderma and Paecilomyces were noted.
Fertilisers in the Long 19th Century and Beyond: Usage, Commercialisation and Production (c 1800–1939)
Authors: Strotmann Christine , Herment Laurent , Page Arnaud 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The introduction to the volume provides an overview of processes in the industrialization of agriculture in the 19th and 20th centuries with regard to fertilisation. It explains the interplay between the intensification of fertiliser usage and agricultural output which enabled immense population growth. It shows how chemical discoveries surrounding nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus (NPK) eventually led to a diversification of markets and the formation of big fertiliser businesses. Indeed, every specific fertiliser chain was linked to a wide set of markets and institutions, as to stakeholders with various and potentially conflicting interests. This issue aims to shed light on this aspect within several regions across Europe and beyond.
Synthesis, structural characterization, and properties of three Ag(I) complexes with oxazoline-containing chiral ligands
Authors: Kuai Hai-Wei , Cheng Xiao-Chun , Zhu Xiao-Hong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The two enantiopure chiral organic ligands 2-[(S)-4-isopropyl-2-oxazolyl]quinoline (L1) and 2-[(S)-4-benzyl-2-oxazolyl]quinoline (L2) react with different silver salts to give rise to three new silver complexes [Ag(L1)2](SbF6) (1), [Ag(L1)(CH3CN)](ClO4) (2), and [Ag(L2)(NO3)] (3), which have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, elemental and thermogravimetric analyses. Complexes 1–3 all display discrete mononuclear structures. The nonlinear optical properties of 1–3 were investigated.
Periodized Resistance Training With and Without Functional Training Improves Functional Capacity, Balance, and Strength in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Strand Keri L. , Cherup Nicholas P. , Totillo Matthew C. , Castillo Diana C. , Gabor Noah J. , Signorile Joseph F. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Strand, KL, Cherup, NP, Totillo, MC, Castillo, DC, Gabor, NJ, and Signorile, JF. Periodized resistance training with and without functional training improves functional capacity, balance, and strength in Parkinson's disease. J Strength Cond Res 35(6): 1611–1619, 2021—Periodized progressive resistance training (PRT) is a common method used to improve strength in persons with Parkinson's disease (PD). Many researchers advocate the addition of functional training to optimize translation to activities of daily living; however, machine-based PRT, using both force and velocity training components, may elicit similar benefits. Thirty-five persons with PD (Hoehn and Yahr I–III) were randomized into a strength, power, and hypertrophy (SPH; n = 17) or strength, power, and functional (SP + Func; n = 18) group, training 3 times weekly for 12 weeks. Both groups performed machine-based strength and power training on days 1 and 2 each week, respectively; whereas, on day 3, SPH group performed machine-based hypertrophy training and SP + Func group performed functional training. Functional performance was tested using the timed up and go, 30-second sit-to-stand (30-s STS), gallon-jug shelf-transfer, and seated medicine ball throw (SMBT) tests. Balance (Mini-BESTest), strength, motor symptoms (UPDRS-III), quality of life, and freezing of gait (FOG) were also assessed. Repeated measures analysis of variance revealed a main effect for time (p ≤ 0.05) with significant improvements for the sample in the 30-s STS (p = 0.002), SMBT (p = 0.003), Mini-BESTest (p < 0.001), upper-body strength (p = 0.002) and lower-body strength (p < 0.001). A significant group × time interaction was seen for FOG, with SP + Func alone showing improvement (p = 0.04). Furthermore, the SPH group produced a clinically important difference for the UPDRS-III (mean difference = 4.39, p = 0.18). We conclude that both exercise strategies can be equally effective at improving functional capacity, balance, and muscular strength in individuals with PD. In addition, FOG and motor symptoms may be targeted through SP + Func and SPH, respectively. The results provide options for individualized exercise prescriptions.
Evaluation of Performance Characteristics and Internal and External Training Loads in Female Collegiate Beach Volleyball Players
Authors: Bozzini Brittany N. , McFadden Bridget A. , Scruggs Steven Keith , Arent Shawn M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Bozzini, BN, McFadden, BA, Scruggs, SK, and Arent, SM. Evaluation of performance characteristics and internal and external training loads in female collegiate beach volleyball players. J Strength Cond Res 35(6): 1559–1567, 2021—Although women's beach volleyball is the fastest growing collegiate sport, the training demands and performance characteristics have yet to be determined. The purpose of this study was to evaluate internal and external training loads throughout a competitive season and to quantify the performance characteristics of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I women's beach volleyball players. Female beach volleyball players (N = 20) were monitored throughout the 6-week competitive season (T1-T6) using integrative global positioning systems (GPS) and heart rate (HR)–monitoring technology, which was individualized based on preseason testing, for the determination of workload metrics. In addition to team data, all variables were analyzed between travel (n = 11, regular match participation) and non-travel (n = 7) squad athletes (p < 0.05). Team performance metrics demonstrated the explosive power emphasis of the sport, with travel squad players exhibiting significantly greater vertical jump and jump velocity abilities than their non-travel counterparts (p < 0.05). Although few time main effects from T1 to T6 were observed for team workload metrics, follow-ups revealed significant time × group interactions for training load (TL), exercise energy expenditure (EEE), total distance covered, and minutes spent in HR zones (HRZ1-Z5) over the season (p < 0.05). Finally, although average workloads were greater in practices than in matches, when accounting for pre-match warm-ups, competition load was greater than practice (p < 0.05). National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I women's beach volleyball is a demanding, explosive power sport characterized by overall large TL and EEE, particularly in-season when athletes compete in 4 matches per weekend. The workloads observed point to the need to assess and manage training loads and fueling requirements to optimize performance and decrease injury risk.
Natural radionuclides in soil profiles and sediment cores from Jundiaí reservoir, state of Sao Paulo.
Authors: Gonçalves Pedro do Nascimento , Damatto Sandra Regina , Leonardo Lucio , Souza Joseilton Marques 
Published: April 2021

The activity concentration of natural radionuclides in soils and sediments is dependent on many factors, such as the rock parental material, pedogenic and weathering processes, physical and chemical properties of the environment, anthropogenic sources, among other aspects. There are few studies about the levels of natural radionuclides in reservoirs in both, international and national, literature. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the activity concentrations of 238U and 232Th by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis and 226Ra, 210Pb, 228Ra, 228Th and 40K by gamma spectrometry in two soil profiles and three sediment cores collected in the catchment area of Jundiai reservoir, located in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Principal component analysis was applied to verify the correlation of the activity concentrations of the natural radionuclides with physical and chemical properties of soil and sediment samples. The mean activity concentrations of the radionuclides in the soil profiles 1 and 2 were, respectively: 238U – 37(1) and 32(1) Bq.kg-1; 232Th – 91(1) and 60(1) Bq.kg-1; 226Ra – 66(1) and 51(1) Bq.kg-1; 210Pb – 35(1) and 37(1) Bq.kg-1; 228Ra – 34(1) and 27(1) Bq.kg-1; 228Th – 78(1) and 58(1) Bq.kg-1; 40K – 96(2) and 171(7) Bq.kg-1. For the three sediment cores analyzed, the average activities concentrations of the radionuclides were, respectively: 238U – 64(0.5), 47(0.1) and 44(0.2) Bq.kg-1; 232Th – 122(2), 100(1) and 64(1) Bq.kg-1; 226Ra – 74(2), 71(1) and 45(1) Bq.kg-1; 210Pb – 70(3), 56(2) and 55(2) Bq.kg-1; 228Ra – 53(1), 41(1) and 33(1) Bq.kg-1; 228Th – 100(2), 92(1) and 63(2); 40K – 316(5), 237(1) and 136(2) Bq.kg-1.
Study of the petrology of the shale rock from the Parana basin
Authors: Bernardes Thiago Lynyker da Silva , Amadeu Rafael Aquino , Santos Rodrigo Sousa , Garcia Rafael H. L. , Velo Alexandre França , Cavallaro Francisco Assis , Mesquita Carlos Henrique , Hamada Margarida Mizue 
Published: April 2021

In the present work, the characteristics of the shale rock, collected in the surrounds of Limeira, in the interior of São Paulo, were studied. Shales are mostly fine granules, susceptible to the mineralogical rearrangement, and their chemical composition is quite varied due to the geomorphology and the tectonism undergone by the sedimentary basins. They are impermeable structures, formed by the consolidation of layered clay with thin laminations. Because of these characteristics presented, together with the decline of petroleum production, a growing interest in a better understanding and knowledge of the physical-chemical properties of the shale rocks inner is observed. In this work, the gamma-ray computed industrial tomography technique was established to be used in the characterization of the shale samples. The results were validated using those obtained by conventional methodologies, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray fluorescence and x-ray diffraction. Several characteristics have been studied, such as the analysis of the particle morphology, the contrasts and distributions of these particles in the internal structure of the rock, identification of the types of elements present (quantitative analysis), as well as establishing the proportion of each element present in the mineral through its crystalline structure, with images of the rock internal structure.