bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negative Pressure Perturbations Associated With Tornado‐Scale Vortices in the Tropical Cyclone Boundary Layer
Authors: Feng Yecheng , Wu Liguang , Liu Qingyuan , Zhou Weican 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDangerous turbulences were observed in the eyewall of category 5 Hurricane Hugo (1989) and the surface pressure associated with the turbulence was 8 hPa lower than the mean pressure in the eye. In this study, it is demonstrated that small scale, negative pressure perturbations in the tropical cyclone eyewall are associated with the tornado‐scale vortex (TSV) simulated with the large‐eddy simulation technique in a semi‐idealized numerical experiment. The negative pressure perturbation associated with TSVs is nonhydrostatic, dynamically resulting from the shearing effect. As a result, the negative pressure perturbation is linearly correlated with the vertical component of relative vorticity and maximum wind perturbation. Since the TSV is prevalent near the inner edge of the tropical cyclone eyewall, it is suggested that caution should be taken to estimate the central pressure of tropical cyclones with the extremely low pressure observed in the eyewall.
Variable In Situ Stress Orientations Across the Northern Hikurangi Subduction Margin
Authors: McNamara D. D. , Behboudi E. , Wallace L. , Saffer D. , Cook A. E. , Fagereng A. , Paganoni M. , Wu Hung‐Yu , Kim G. , Lee H. , Savage H. M. , Barnes P. , Pecher I. , LeVay L. J. , Petronotis K. E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe constrain orientations of the horizontal stress field from borehole image data in a transect across the Hikurangi Subduction Margin. This region experiences NW‐SE convergence and is the site of recurrent slow slip events. The direction of the horizontal maximum stress is E‐W at an active splay thrust fault near the subduction margin trench. This trend changes to NNW‐SSE in a forearc trench slope basin on the offshore accretionary wedge, and to NE‐SW in the onshore forearc. Multiple, tectonic, and geological processes, either individually or in concert, may explain this variability. The observed offshore to onshore stress rotation may reflect a change from dominantly compressional tectonics at the deformation front, to a strike‐slip and/or extensional tectonic regime closer to the Taupo Volcanic Zone, further inland. In addition, the offshore stress may be affected by topography and/or stress rotation around subducting seamounts, and/or temporal stress changes during the slow slip cycle.
Halogen Bearing Amphiboles, Aqueous Fluids, and Melts in Subduction Zones: Insights on Halogen Cycle From Electrical Conductivity
Authors: Manthilake G. , Koga K. T. , Peng Y. , Mookherjee M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAmphiboles are hydrous minerals that are formed in the oceanic crust via hydrothermal alteration. The partial substitution of halogens for OH− makes amphibole one of the principal hosts of Cl and F in the subducting slab. In this study, we investigated the electrical conductivity of a suite of halogen bearing amphibole minerals at 1.5 GPa up to 1,400 K. The discontinuous electrical behavior indicates dehydration of amphibole at ∼915 K. This is followed by dehydration induced hydrous melting at temperatures above 1,070 K. We find that the released aqueous fluids have an electrical conductivity of ∼0.1 S/m. This high electrical conductivity is likely to explain anomalously high electrical conductivity observed in certain subduction zone settings. This high electrical conductivity of an order of magnitude greater than the electrical conductivity of pure aqueous fluids at similar conditions is likely due to the partitioning of the F and Cl into the aqueous fluids. We also noted that subsequent to the dehydration, secondary phases form due to the breakdown of the primary halogen bearing amphibole. Chemical analyses of these secondary phases indicate that they are repositories of F and Cl. Hence, we infer that upon dehydration of the primary halogen bearing amphibole, first the F and Cl are partitioned into the aqueous fluids and then the halogens are partitioned back to the secondary mineral phases. These secondary minerals are likely to transport the halogen to the deep Earth and may in part explain the halogen concentration observed in ocean island basalt.
Potential Impacts of Supersonic Aircraft Emissions on Ozone and Resulting Forcing on Climate: An Update on Historical Analysis
Authors: Zhang Jun , Wuebbles Donald , Kinnison Douglas , Baughcum Steven L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCommercial aircraft flying at supersonic speeds in the lower stratosphere are being discussed once again after a hiatus of almost 20 years. Potential environmental effects from fleets of such aircraft need to be understood for their possible impacts on stratospheric ozone; levels of stratospheric ozone determine the amount of biologically harmful ultraviolet radiation from the Sun reaching the Earth's surface. Changes in the distribution and concentrations of ozone also have implications on climate. This study evaluates the potential impact on stratospheric ozone and on climate forcing from different levels of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and water vapor (H2O) emissions from supersonic transport. Toward establishing a baseline relative to prior studies, we also compare these new analyses with results from the 1999 aviation assessments, using the same aviation emissions. Despite the understanding of atmospheric processes used in studying chemistry‐climate interactions have been greatly enhanced over the last 20 years, this study finds that, for the baseline scenario, the resulting effects on stratospheric ozone are similar to those from many of the models in the prior assessment, although with a stronger ozone sensitivity to NOx emissions. We show that the resulting ozone effects largely depend on the NOx and H2O emission levels and the net changes in stratospheric ozone are determined by the chemical interactions between different ozone production and depletion cycles. We also calculate the radiative forcing impact for the resulting changes in the distributions of ozone and H2O, and confirm that stratospheric H2O emissions are an important factor in potential climate impacts from supersonic aircraft emissions.
The Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Nighttime Ozone and Sulfur Dioxide in the Venus Mesosphere as Deduced From SPICAV UV Stellar Occultations
Authors: Evdokimova D. , Belyaev D. , Montmessin F. , Korablev O. , Bertaux J.‐L. , Verdier L. , Lefèvre F. , Marcq E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe nighttime ozone and sulfur dioxide distributions were analyzed using the entire Spectroscopy for the Investigation of the Characteristics of the Atmosphere of Venus (SPICAV) UV/Venus Express stellar occultation data set. After the discovery of an ozone layer at 100 km in the mesosphere reported by Montmessin, Bertaux, et al. (2011, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2011.08.010), 132 other detections were made during the entire 8 years long observing period of the SPICAV UV instrument. In the rare detections, the peak abundances of O3 accumulating in the mesosphere are observed with densities from 107 to 108 molecules⋅cm−3 at 85–110 km. The ozone layer is estimated to vary from 1 to 30 ppbv at 85–95 km while at 95–105 km the volume mixing ratio is expected within an interval from 6 to 120 ppbv. Below 93 km, a puzzling decrease of mixing ratio is observed towards midnight at 30°N. Our work also provides an improved sequel to the analysis of the sulfur dioxide survey previously made in the upper mesosphere by Belyaev, Evdokimova, et al. (2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2017.05.002). On average, the SO2 content is found to remain constant throughout the vertical profile at a value of around 135 ± 21 ppbv between 85 and 100 km. Rapid and large variations prevent to conclude firmly on any time or space pattern of SO2.
A Shorter, Sharper Rainy Season Amplifies California Wildfire Risk
Authors: Swain Daniel L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCalifornia has experienced increasingly severe autumn wildfires over the past several decades, which have exacted a rising human and environmental toll. Recent fire and climate science research has demonstrated a clear link between worsening California wildfires and climate change, mainly though the vegetation‐drying effect of rising temperatures and shifting precipitation seasonality. New work by Luković et al. (2021) explores observed changes in California's autumn precipitation in greater detail, finding that the rainy season has indeed become progressively delayed and that the “sharpness” of California precipitation seasonality has increased. These precipitation shifts have important implications for the region's ecology and wildfire risk, as they increase the degree of temporal overlap between extremely dry vegetation conditions and fire‐promoting downslope winds in late autumn. Both of these observed shifts are consistent with climate model projections for the region's future, suggesting that recent trends may offer an early preview of larger changes to come.
Offering Biofeedback Assisted Relaxation Training in a Virtual World: Considerations and Future Directions
Authors: Schaefer Megan , Iskander Jeannette , Tams Sean , Butz Catherine 
Published: February 2021

Objective: As the landscape of health care continues to shift, providing mental health and pain management services via telehealth is becoming an ideal option to increase accessibility of care. Research demonstrates the benefit of biofeedback-assisted relaxation training (BART) for children. During the COVID-19 pandemic, clinicians required to use telehealth needed an alternative to provide ongoing services. This commentary seeks to illustrate the benefits of offering BART virtually with discussing considerations and future directions. Method: An existing BART protocol was modified for telehealth delivery. Variations to the approach included increased psychoeducation, more parental engagement, and a greater focus on mobile applications (apps) in treatment. Mobile apps were used to introduce relaxation strategies, encourage practice outside of session, and obtain physiological measurements pre- and postpractice of relaxation strategies. Results: Clinicians quickly pivoted their approach and provided services without interruption. Protocol changes illustrated the need for more thorough description of treatment sessions, increased focus on privacy and ethical considerations, and age-related factors. Conclusions: As the uncertainty of the pandemic continues, it is important for clinicians to innovate to provide effective remote clinical interventions for patients and families. Future research studies examining the provision of BART via telehealth and its impact on pain and overall functioning are warranted. Implications for Impact Statement Identifying innovative modalities to offer biofeedback assisted relaxation training (BART) to pediatric populations with chronic medical conditions is critical in increasing accessibility of care. Clinicians may consider modifying their BART protocols to offer this intervention via telehealth or in a hybrid manner.
LONP1 and ClpP cooperatively regulate mitochondrial proteostasis for cancer cell survival
Authors: Lee Yu Geon , Kim Hui Won , Nam Yeji , Shin Kyeong Jin , Lee Yu Jin , Park Do Hong , Rhee Hyun-Woo , Seo Jeong Kon , Chae Young Chan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMitochondrial proteases are key components in mitochondrial stress responses that maintain proteostasis and mitochondrial integrity in harsh environmental conditions, which leads to the acquisition of aggressive phenotypes, including chemoresistance and metastasis. However, the molecular mechanisms and exact role of mitochondrial proteases in cancer remain largely unexplored. Here, we identified functional crosstalk between LONP1 and ClpP, which are two mitochondrial matrix proteases that cooperate to attenuate proteotoxic stress and protect mitochondrial functions for cancer cell survival. LONP1 and ClpP genes closely localized on chromosome 19 and were co-expressed at high levels in most human cancers. Depletion of both genes synergistically attenuated cancer cell growth and induced cell death due to impaired mitochondrial functions and increased oxidative stress. Using mitochondrial matrix proteomic analysis with an engineered peroxidase (APEX)-mediated proximity biotinylation method, we identified the specific target substrates of these proteases, which were crucial components of mitochondrial functions, including oxidative phosphorylation, the TCA cycle, and amino acid and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, we found that LONP1 and ClpP shared many substrates, including serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2). Inhibition of both LONP1 and ClpP additively increased the amount of unfolded SHMT2 protein and enhanced sensitivity to SHMT2 inhibitor, resulting in significantly reduced cell growth and increased cell death under metabolic stress. Additionally, prostate cancer patients with higher LONP1 and ClpP expression exhibited poorer survival. These results suggest that interventions targeting the mitochondrial proteostasis network via LONP1 and ClpP could be potential therapeutic strategies for cancer.
Epigenetic regulation of TGF-β-induced EMT by JMJD3/KDM6B histone H3K27 demethylase
Authors: Lee Su-Hyun , Kim Okhwa , Kim Hyo-Jin , Hwangbo Cheol , Lee Jeong-Hyung 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTransforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathways are well-recognized for their role in proliferation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cancer cells, but much less is understood about their contribution to interactions with other signaling events. Recent studies have indicated that crosstalk between TGF-β and Ras signaling makes a contribution to TGF-β-mediated EMT. Here, we demonstrate that Jumonji domain containing-3 (JMJD3 also called KDM6B) promotes TGF-β-mediated Smad activation and EMT in Ras-activated lung cancer cells. JMJD3 in lung cancer patients was significantly increased and JMJD3 expression in lung tumor tissues was correlated with expression of K-Ras or H-Ras in particular, and its expression was regulated by Ras activity in lung cancer cells. JMJD3 promotes TGF-β-induced Smad activation and EMT in Ras-activated lung cancer cells through the induction of syntenin, a protein that regulates TGF-β receptor activation upon ligand binding. Tissue array and ChIP analysis revealed that JMJD3 epigenetically induces syntenin expression by directly regulating H3K27 methylation levels. Mechanical exploration identified a physical and functional association of JMJD3 with syntenin presiding over the TGF-β in Ras-activated lung cancer cells. Taken together, these findings provide new insight into the mechanisms by which JMJD3 promotes syntenin expression resulting in oncogenic Ras cooperation with TGF-β to promote EMT.
MYB oncoproteins: emerging players and potential therapeutic targets in human cancer
Authors: Cicirò Ylenia , Sala Arturo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMYB transcription factors are highly conserved from plants to vertebrates, indicating that their functions embrace fundamental mechanisms in the biology of cells and organisms. In humans, theMYBgene family is composed of three members:MYB,MYBL1andMYBL2, encoding the transcription factors MYB, MYBL1, and MYBL2 (also known as c-MYB, A-MYB, and B-MYB), respectively. A truncated version of MYB, the prototype member of the MYB family, was originally identified as the product of the retroviral oncogenev-myb, which causes leukaemia in birds. This led to the hypothesis that aberrant activation of vertebrate MYB could also cause cancer. Despite more than three decades have elapsed since the isolation of v-myb, only recently investigators were able to detectMYBgenes rearrangements and mutations, smoking gun evidence of the involvement ofMYBfamily members in human cancer. In this review, we will highlight studies linking the activity ofMYBfamily members to human malignancies and experimental therapeutic interventions tailored forMYB-expressing cancers.
Development of a nanobody-based immunoassay for the sensitive detection of fibrinogen-like protein 1
Authors: Zhang Wan-ting , Liu Ting-ting , Wu Man , Chen Xiao-chen , Han Li , Shi Zhen-zhong , Li Yu-ying , Li Xi-yang , Xu Hai-xing , Gong Li-kun , Xu Pei-hu , Geng Yong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibition is an important strategy in cancer therapy. Blockade of CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 is well developed in clinical practice. In the last few years, LAG-3 has received much interest as an emerging novel target in immunotherapy. It was recently reported that FGL1 is a major ligand of LAG-3, which is normally secreted by the liver but is upregulated in several human cancers. FGL1 is a crucial biomarker and target for cancer immunotherapy. As the efficacy of immunotherapy is limited to specific types of patients, the subset of patients needs to be selected appropriately to receive precise treatment according to different biomarkers. To date, there is no test to accurately assess FGL1 expression levels. Nanobodies have some outstanding features, such as high stability, solubility and affinity for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Here, we report the development and validation of a rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective nanobody-based immunoassay for the detection of FGL1 in human serum. In this study, human FGL1 recombinant protein was expressed and purified for the first time as an immunized antigen. Then, we constructed a nanobody phage display library and screened several nanobodies that bind FGL1 with high affinity. We selected two nanobodies targeting different epitopes of FGL1, one as a capture and the other conjugated with HRP as a probe. The double nanobody-based sandwich ELISA to detect the concentration of FGL1 showed a good response relationship in the range of 15.625–2000 ng/mL, and the recoveries from the spiked sample were in the range of 78% and 100%. This assay could be used as a potential approach for evaluating FGL1 expression for patient stratification and for predicting the therapeutic efficacy of targeting the LAG3/FGL1 axis.
Effects of oral moisturizing gel containing propolis following head and neck radiotherapy: randomized controlled pilot trial
Authors: Nakao Ryoma , Ueno Takao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Aim
Topical administration of oral gel may reduce radiotherapy-related oral complications. The aim of this study was to examine clinical and microbiological effects of self-administration of different gel formulations to oral mucosa in head and neck cancer patients.

Materials and methods
Twenty-seven subjects were recruited from outpatients who underwent radiotherapy of at least 50 Gy to the head and neck area. They were randomly assigned to oral gel with the following different ingredients: placebo, chlorhexidine, curry leaf, propolis, and turmeric. Before and after intervention, oral symptoms were evaluated, and nine oral pathogens in saliva were also quantified using real-time PCR.

Results
Twenty-five subjects completed the study and their data were analyzed. The number of Porphyromonas gingivalis in saliva significantly decreased after treatment with propolis gel, but not after any other treatments. Propolis gel treatment also relieved oral pain in all subjects who had oral pain at the baseline.

Conclusions
Topical administration with propolis gel may not only reduce P. gingivalis carriage in saliva, but also relieve oral pain.

Discussion
A future larger-scale clinical trial of oral propolis gel is needed to determine its clinical efficacy in radiotherapy-related oral complications of head and neck cancer patients.
The path from trigeminal asymmetry to cognitive impairment: a behavioral and molecular study
Authors: Tramonti Fantozzi Maria Paola , Lazzarini Giulia , De Cicco Vincenzo , Briganti Angela , Argento Serena , De Cicco Davide , Barresi Massimo , Cataldo Enrico , Bruschini Luca , d’Ascanio Paola , Pirone Andrea , Lenzi Carla , Vannozzi Iacopo , Miragliotta Vincenzo , Faraguna Ugo , Manzoni Diego 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTrigeminal input exerts acute and chronic effects on the brain, modulating cognitive functions. Here, new data from humans and animals suggest that these effects are caused by trigeminal influences on the Locus Coeruleus (LC). In humans subjects clenching with masseter asymmetric activity, occlusal correction improved cognition, alongside with reductions in pupil size and anisocoria, proxies of LC activity and asymmetry, respectively. Notably, reductions in pupil size at rest on the hypertonic side predicted cognitive improvements. In adult rats, a distal unilateral section of the trigeminal mandibular branch reduced, on the contralateral side, the expression of c-Fos (brainstem) and BDNF (brainstem, hippocampus, frontal cortex). This counterintuitive finding can be explained by the following model: teeth contact perception loss on the lesioned side results in an increased occlusal effort, which enhances afferent inputs from muscle spindles and posterior periodontal receptors, spared by the distal lesion. Such effort leads to a reduced engagement of the intact side, with a corresponding reduction in the afferent inputs to the LC and in c-Fos and BDNF gene expression. In conclusion, acute effects of malocclusion on performance seem mediated by the LC, which could also contribute to the chronic trophic dysfunction induced by loss of trigeminal input.
BKM120 sensitizes BRCA-proficient triple negative breast cancer cells to olaparib through regulating FOXM1 and Exo1 expression
Authors: Li Yu , Wang Yuantao , Zhang Wanpeng , Wang Xinchen , Chen Lu , Wang Shuping 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPoly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors offer a significant clinical benefit for triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) with BRCA1/2 mutation. However, the narrow clinical indication limits the development of PARP inhibitors. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibition sensitizes BRCA-proficient TNBC to PARP inhibition, which broadens the indication of PARP inhibitors. Previously researches have reported that PI3K inhibition induced the defect of homologous recombination (HR) mediated repair by downregulating the expression of BRCA1/2 and Rad51. However, the mechanism for their synergistic effects in the treatment of TNBC is still unclear. Herein, we focused on DNA damage, DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) repair and DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) repair three aspects to investigate the mechanism of dual PI3K and PARP inhibition in DNA damage response. We found that dual PI3K and PARP inhibition with BKM120 and olaparib significantly reduced the proliferation of BRCA-proficient TNBC cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MDA231-LM2. BKM120 increased cellular ROS to cause DNA oxidative damage. Olaparib resulted in concomitant gain of PARP1, forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) and Exonuclease 1 (Exo1) while inhibited the activity of PARP. BKM120 downregulated the expression of PARP1 and PARP2 to assist olaparib in blocking PARP mediated repair of DNA SSBs. Meanwhile, BKM120 inhibited the expression of BRAC1/2 and Rad51/52 to block HR mediated repair through the PI3K/Akt/NFκB/c-Myc signaling pathway and PI3K/Akt/ FOXM1/Exo1 signaling pathway. BKM120 induced HR deficiency expanded the application of olaparib to HR proficient TNBCs. Our findings proved that PI3K inhibition impaired the repair of both DNA SSBs and DNA DSBs. FOXM1 and Exo1 are novel therapeutic targets that serves important roles in DNA damage response.