bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tetraaryldiborane(4) Can Emit Dual Fluorescence Responding to the Structural Change around the B–B Bond
Authors: Shoji Yoshiaki , Tanaka Naoki , Ikabata Yasuhiro , Sakai Hayato , Hasobe Taku , Koch Norbert , Nakai Hiromi , Fukushima Takanori 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe report the successful synthesis of tetramesityldiborane(4) (Mes4B2) through the reductive coupling of a dimesitylborinium ion. Owing to the steric protection conferred by the mesityl groups, Mes4B2 shows exceptional chemical stability and remains intact in water. Single‐crystal X‐ray analysis revealed that Mes4B2 has an orthogonal geometry, where the B–B center is completely hidden by the mesityl groups. Remarkably, Mes4B2 emits dual fluorescence at 460 and 620 nm, both in solution and in the solid state. Theoretical calculations showed that Mes4B2 in the excited S1 state adopts a twisted or planar geometry, which is responsible for the shorter‐ or longer‐wavelength fluorescence, respectively. The intensity ratio of the dual fluorescence is sensitive to the viscosity of the medium, which suggests that Mes4B2 has potential as a ratiometric viscosity sensor.
Facile method towards mono‐component polyurea composite coating with excellent mechanical properties and self‐recovery ability
Authors: Zhu Yiqiao , Wen Jie , Wang Lin , Yi Longfei , Song Dayu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPolymeric coatings are often suffered from damages or irreversible deformations due to external impact during their server life, which may have adverse influences on the protection effect and aesthetics. Developing coatings that are mechanically robust and capable of recovering from deformation is urgently needed yet highly challenging. In this work, a class of mono‐component polyurea/asphalt composite coatings with excellent mechanical properties and self‐recovery ability is prepared through a facile method. The FTIR measurements indicate that the asphalt can react with polyurea, thus the interaction between asphalt and polyurea is enhanced. As a result, the mechanical stress and toughness of polyurea are increased. Moreover, the hydrogen bonds in the composite are identified by variable‐temperature FTIR, which endows the composite coating with self‐recovery ability as revealed by cyclic tensile tests. In addition, the thermal stability of polyurea is also improved after the inclusion of asphalt. Except for mechanically reinforcing, the incorporation of asphalt can also cut the cost as the mechanical properties of the composite coating are still better than pure polyurea even with 20 wt% asphalt. Moreover, the preparing process of the composite coating are quite facile, which hold great promise for large‐scale production and application.
Synthesis and characterization of phenylated phenylenediamine and bisphenol a diglycidyl ether epoxy networks
Authors: Budy Stephen M. , Wey Anderson , Wu Angelina , Son David Y. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA new highly aromatic hardener, phenylated phenylenediamine (PDA), was synthesized utilizing a Diels‐Alder reaction to afford a mixture of para and meta conformations. This new hardener was cured with bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE). To investigate the conformational mixture, pure 1,4‐benzenediamine and 1,3‐benzenediamine were cured with BADGE. DSC was employed to observe cure curves affording the onset (73, 74, and 146°C for 1,4‐benzenediamine, 1,3‐benzenediamaine, and phenylated phenylenediamine, respectively), peak (128, 151, and 206°C, respectively), and enthalpy change (385, 526, and 238 J/g, respectively), as well as the glass transition temperature (103, 151, and 212°C, respectively). ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy provided information on the structures of the cured network samples, including loss of oxirane and primary amine vibrations after curing. TGA and DMA were used to determine thermal stability (Td,N2 = 332, 367, and 380°C, respectively) and thermal mechanical properties including storage (E′ = 200, 150, and 350 MPa, respectively), loss modulus (E″ = 10, 10, and 40 MPa, respectively), and tan delta (102, 180, and 209°C, respectively).
New discussion about the approximate controllability of fractional stochastic differential inclusions with order 1 < r < 2
Authors: Dineshkumar C. , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy , Udhayakumar R. , Vijayakumar V. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this manuscript, our main focus is about the approximate controllability of fractional stochastic differential inclusions with order 1 < r < 2. With the utilization of the fractional calculations, the findings and facts associated with multivalued maps, the fixed‐point method, and the principal discussions are demonstrated. First, we focus on the approximate controllability of our system. Lastly, we provide an application for the demonstration of theoretical results.
Design aspects of COVID‐19 treatment trials: Improving probability and time of favorable events
Authors: Beyersmann Jan , Friede Tim , Schmoor Claudia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs a reaction to the pandemic of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), a multitude of clinical trials for the treatment of SARS‐CoV‐2 or the resulting corona disease 2019 (COVID‐19) are globally at various stages from planning to completion. Although some attempts were made to standardize study designs, this was hindered by the ferocity of the pandemic and the need to set up clinical trials quickly. We take the view that a successful treatment of COVID‐19 patients (i) increases the probability of a recovery or improvement within a certain time interval, say 28 days; (ii) aims to expedite favorable events within this time frame; and (iii) does not increase mortality over this time period. On this background, we discuss the choice of endpoint and its analysis. Furthermore, we consider consequences of this choice for other design aspects including sample size and power and provide some guidance on the application of adaptive designs in this particular context.
Average user ratings prompt disparate decision strategies in online retail shopping
Authors: LaCour Mark , Serra Michael J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOnline shoppers have a vast array of information available to aid their purchasing decisions (e.g., average user ratings, histograms of ratings). Past research is ambiguous regarding the degree to which shoppers try to simplify this information integration process. Some results suggest that customers will invest a substantial amount of time and effort into the decision process, while others suggest that customers prefer to keep the process as simple as possible and avoid extra effort. In the present study, we sought to examine the conditions under which people will use heuristic strategies versus more analytic ones. We found that the average user rating plays a large role in determining which strategy customers use to integrate product information into a purchasing decision. We show that people use a “binary bias”—assessing the relative number of “high” and “low” ratings and choosing items with the more favorable ratio—when products have a lackluster (~three‐star) average user rating. However, when average ratings are higher, customers instead use even simpler cues to make decisions. We also found evidence that individual differences in analytical thinking dispositions are associated with using more effortful information integration strategies. Thus, the present research suggests different strategies for displaying product information to customers depending on the average user ratings of the product and characteristics of the shoppers themselves.
A Bioorthogonal‐Activated Fluorescence Turn‐On Probe Based on Nitrone‐Modified 1,8‐Naphthalimide for Live‐Cell Imaging
Authors: Teng Yu , Yang Hong , Li Xiang , Wang Yongcheng , Yin Dali , Tian Yulin 
Published: October 2021

Comprehensive SummaryA nitrone‐modified 1,8‐naphthalimide was designed as a novel bioorthogonal‐activated turn‐on probe based on strain‐promoted alkyne‐nitrone cycloaddition (SPANC). The bioorthogonal cycloadducts were subsequently transformed into fluorescent rearrangement products by photo‐acceleration, which exhibited significant fluorescence enhancement, large stokes shift, and high fluorescence quantum yield. DFT calculations were performed to elucidate the fluorescence OFF‐ON mechanism. This fluorogenic strategy was successfully applied to labeling of proteins and visualizing mitochondria in live cells in real time.
Self‐help smoking cessation intervention for Spanish‐speaking Hispanics/Latinxs in the United States: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Simmons Vani N. , Sutton Steven K. , Medina‐Ramirez Patricia , Martinez Ursula , Brandon Karen O. , Byrne Margaret M. , Meade Cathy D. , Meltzer Lauren R. , Brandon Thomas H. 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundHispanic/Latinx smokers living in the United States face unique challenges in quitting smoking. This study evaluated the efficacy of a culturally relevant, Spanish‐language, extended self‐help smoking cessation intervention among Hispanic smokers.MethodsA 2‐arm parallel randomized controlled trial was conducted with Hispanic/Latinx smokers living in the United States who preferred health information in Spanish and smoked 5 or more cigarettes per week. Participants were randomly allocated to receive Libre del Cigarrillo (LDC), which consisted of 11 booklets and 9 pamphlets mailed monthly over 18 months, or the usual care (UC), which was a single Spanish‐language self‐help booklet from the National Cancer Institute. The primary outcome was self‐reported 7‐day point prevalence smoking abstinence assessed 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after the baseline. Eight prespecified moderators of the intervention were evaluated. Cost‐effectiveness was also evaluated. All statistical tests were 2‐sided.ResultsData from all participants randomized to LDC (n = 714) or UC (n = 703) were used for analyses after multiple imputation to manage missing data. Generalized estimating equation analyses indicated that LDC abstinence rates were higher (P < .001) across all assessments. Logistic regression analyses revealed that at 24 months, the abstinence rate was greater for LDC (33.1%) than UC (24.3%; odds ratio, 1.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.18‐2.02; P = .002). Men exhibited a strong intervention effect at all assessments (P values < .001), whereas the intervention effect for women was observed only at 6 and 12 months (P values < .018). In comparison with UC, the incremental cost per quitter in the LDC arm was $648.43 at 18 months and $683.93 at 24 months.ConclusionsA culturally relevant, Spanish‐language intervention was efficacious and cost‐effective for smoking cessation.Lay Summary

Research is needed to develop interventions for ethnic minority smokers.

The aim of the current study was to test a Spanish‐language adaptation of a validated and easily implemented self‐help smoking cessation intervention in a nationwide randomized controlled trial.

The findings demonstrated that the intervention produced greater smoking abstinence in comparison with a standard self‐help booklet.

Participants also were more satisfied with the intervention, and it was cost‐effective.

Efforts aimed at promoting tobacco abstinence in this underserved population could have significant public health implications, including potential reductions in cancer health disparities associated with tobacco smoking.
The effectiveness of the information‐motivation model and domestic brushing with a hypochlorite‐based formula on peri‐implant mucositis: A randomized clinical study
Authors: Cosola Saverio , Oldoini Giacomo , Giammarinaro Enrica , Covani Ugo , Genovesi Annamaria , Marconcini Simone 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveManagement of mucositis is essential for the long‐term maintenance of dental implants. This study determined the efficacy, in terms of clinical parameters, of an adjunctive domiciliary agent paired with non‐surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) for patients with peri‐implant mucositis.Materials and methodsPatients involved in a periodontal maintenance program were randomly distributed to the domestic use of a chlorhexidine toothpaste and mouthwash (control) or a hypochlorite‐based formula brushing solution (test) after diagnosis of peri‐implant mucositis. A modified approach towards NSPTwas performed after 10 days of domestic use of the assigned maintenance product in both groups. Clinical and patient‐related outcomes were recorded during a 90‐day follow‐up period.ResultsForty patients completed the three‐month study (20 patients per group). Both groups showed relevant clinical and patient outcome improvements after the NSPT (T2) and between T1 and T2 (p < 0 0.01), except for PPD. For the test group, the clinical improvement was significantly greater than that for the control group at the seventh‐day evaluation (T1) in the gingival index (0–3) and FMBS (%). Favorable outcomes were maintained during the entire follow‐up period.ConclusionThe present study showed that the modified NSPT paired with the domestic use of nitradine‐based formula helps resolve peri‐implant mucositis and that nitradine might represent an alternative to chlorhexidine in these cases.Clinical relevanceThe gold standard for nonsurgical maintenance is full‐mouth disinfection. A previous decontamination of the oral cavity with chlorhexidine or nitradine domiciliary for 10 days could reduce plaque and inflammation, resulting in a painless operative session. This protocol may help reduce airborne contamination and the risk of cross‐infection, and during the pandemic, the protocol is safer for clinicians. In the same clinical cases, nitradine may be more efficient than chlorhexidine, and the former has no side effects such as discolouration.
Revisiting the effect of PCR replication and sequencing depth on biodiversity metrics in environmental DNA metabarcoding
Authors: Shirazi Sabrina , Meyer Rachel S. , Shapiro Beth 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding is an increasingly popular tool for measuring and cataloguing biodiversity. Because the environments and substrates in which DNA is preserved differ considerably, eDNA research often requires bespoke approaches to generating eDNA data. Here, we explore how two experimental choices in eDNA study design—the number of PCR replicates and the depth of sequencing of PCR replicates—influence the composition and consistency of taxa recovered from eDNA extracts. We perform 24 PCR replicates from each of six soil samples using two of the most common metabarcodes for Fungi and Viridiplantae (ITS1 and ITS2), and sequence each replicate to an average depth of ~84,000 reads. We find that PCR replicates are broadly consistent in composition and relative abundance of dominant taxa, but that low abundance taxa are often unique to one or a few PCR replicates. Taxa observed in one out of 24 PCR replicates make up 21–29% of the total taxa detected. We also observe that sequencing depth or rarefaction influences alpha diversity and beta diversity estimates. Read sampling depth influences local contribution to beta diversity, placement in ordinations, and beta dispersion in ordinations. Our results suggest that, because common taxa drive some alpha diversity estimates, few PCR replicates and low read sampling depths may be sufficient for many biological applications of eDNA metabarcoding. However, because rare taxa are recovered stochastically, eDNA metabarcoding may never fully recover the true amplifiable alpha diversity in an eDNA extract. Rare taxa drive PCR replicate outliers of alpha and beta diversity and lead to dispersion differences at different read sampling depths. We conclude that researchers should consider the complexity and unevenness of a community when choosing analytical approaches, read sampling depths, and filtering thresholds to arrive at stable estimates.
Stemflow infiltration areas into forest soils around American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) trees
Authors: Llorens Pilar , Latron Jérôme , Carlyle‐Moses Darryl E. , Näthe Kerstin , Chang Jeffrey L. , Nanko Kazuki , Iida Shin'ichi , Levia Delphis F. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe size of stemflow infiltration areas around the boles of trees is currently a topic of interest and debate within the hydrologic community. There is a gap in our knowledge of stemflow infiltration areas in many wooded ecosystems and a need for more than the few studies that have examined stemflow infiltration areas directly. Hence, this field study was specifically undertaken to mitigate the existing data gap by providing direct measurements of stemflow infiltration areas from high stemflow‐producing American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) trees. Different stemflow rates (290, 72 and 31 L h−1) were simulated using dye‐infused stemflow and the areas of stemflow infiltration around four trees determined by measuring the areal extent of dye on the soil surface. Our results revealed that stemflow infiltration areas ranged from 0.0035 to 0.0951 m2 tree−1. The mean basal area funnelling ratio was 46.5 ± 1.8, whereas the funnelling ratios per unit infiltration areas,
, were between 32.0 and 258.4. Despite intentionally high stemflow rates, chosen to compensate for the high infiltration capacities of forest soils, these results reinforce the fact that stemflow is an extremely localized input in natural forests. Thus, these results, even if specific to F. grandifolia within a particular forest and soil type, support a growing body of work indicating that stemflow infiltration areas are usually <1 m2, and often much smaller, in natural forests. Moreover, the high values of
provide further evidence indicating that stemflow inputs are important for the development of hot spots in near‐trunk soils.
Marine restoration governance arrangements: Issues of legitimacy
Authors: Ramírez‐Monsalve Paulina , Coelho Nelson F. , Carballo‐Cárdenas Eira , van Tatenhove Jan P. M. , Papadopoulou Nadia , Smith Chris J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA new motivation for marine restoration has been observed, associated with the dissatisfaction with current marine restoration governance arrangements (MRGAs). An MRGA consists of alliances of public and private actors (coalitions) who, through their common conceptualisation of the problem (discourses), try to influence and design marine restoration activities while considering the rules of decision‐making, and the management of limited resources. Emerging MRGAs rise in parallel to existing ones and aim to contribute to the same goals or show another way of reaching those goals. This phenomenon raises questions of legitimacy both for the emerging and the existing arrangement. Building on existing literature, this paper proposes an analytical framework to simultaneously explore input, throughput and output legitimacy as three essential pre‐conditions of legitimacy for MRGAs. The framework is tested in three European cases of MRGAs that were part of the European Union MERCES project (http://www.merces-project.eu/). Analysis showed that actors who are influential in achieving restoration goals, and also those who are impacted by restoration actions, should be involved in the MRGAs (input legitimacy); actors within MRGAs should establish and follow procedures for decision‐making that are both transparent and clear (throughput legitimacy); and actors within MRGAs need to establish a common understanding of restoration, of the goal to reach and of the related uncertainties (output legitimacy). Awareness of these pre‐conditions allows actors internal and external to MRGAs to address aspects that give legitimacy to restoration actions. It also creates a language that allows actors to engage in discussion on legitimacy that goes beyond the mere application of the rule of law.
Synthesis of Novel Pseudocloso Ruthenacarboranes based on an Unsubstituted nido‐C2B9H112− Ligand
Authors: Kaltenberg Alexander A. , Somov Nikolay V. , Malysheva Yulia B. , Vorozhtsov Dmitry L. , Grishin Ivan D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe reaction of the known closo‐ruthenacarborane 3‐H‐3‐Cl‐3,3‐(PPh3)2‐closo‐3,1,2‐RuC2B9H11 with tridentade nitrogen‐based ligands of the general formula (C5NH4CH2)2NR (R=H, Me, Et, iPr, But) in benzene solution at 60 °C allowed us to isolate novel ruthenacarborane clusters 3,3,3‐(2’‐NC5H4CH2)2NR‐pseudocloso‐3,1,2‐RuC2B9H11. According to the performed X‐ray study, the obtained compounds are the first examples of pseudocloso‐metallacarboranes bearing unsubstituted C2B92− nido‐carborane ligand. In spite of the determined pseudocloso structure of the complexes in the solid state, the recorded 11B{1H} NMR spectra indicate that some of them are converted into the closo isomers in solution. The conducted quantum‐chemical calculations have confirmed the subtle difference between two configurations and possible rearrangement in solution. The performed electrochemical investigations show the ability of the formed ruthenacarboranes to undergo reversible oxidation to Ru(III) species.
Co(II) Amide, Pyrrolate, and Aminopyridinate Complexes: Assessment of their Manifold Structural Chemistry and Thermal Properties**
Authors: Zanders David , Boysen Nils , Land Michael A. , Obenlüneschloß Jorit , Masuda Jason D. , Mallick Bert , Barry Seán T. , Devi Anjana 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA series of cobalt(II) (silyl)amides, pyrrolates and aminopyridinates were synthesized. Inspired by the dimeric bis(trimethylsilylamido)cobalt(II) complex ([Co(TMSA)2]2), facile salt metathesis employing the ligand 2,2,5,5‐tetramethyl‐1,2,5‐azadisilolidinyl (TMADS) yielded its congener [Co(TMADS)2]2. Novel, heteroleptic Lewis adducts of the former resulted in unusual three‐ to four‐fold coordination geometry around the metal center. Similarily, the salt [Li(DAD)2][Co(TMADS)3] was isolated which demonstrates an ion separated Co(II) anion with silylamide ligation and Li+ counter cation. Transpyrrolylation using [Co(TMSA)2]2 was established for the synthesis of bis[N,N’‐2‐(dimethylaminomethyl)pyrrolyl]cobalt(II), and bis(N‐2‐(tert‐butyliminomethyl)pyrrolyl)cobalt(II). Treatment of CoCl2 with two equivalents of lithiated N,N‐dimethyl(N’‐tert‐butyl)ethane‐1‐amino‐2‐amide and N,N‐dimethyl(N’‐trimethylsilyl)ethane‐1‐amino‐2‐amide resulted in the respective Co(II) amido‐amines. Reaction of CoCl2 with lithium 4‐methyl‐N‐(trimethylsilyl)pyridine‐2‐amide yielded the first binuclear, homoleptic Co(II) aminopyridinate complex with a distorted trigonal bipyramidal coordination environment (τ5=0.533) for one central Co(II) ion and a weakly distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry (τ4=0.845) for the other. All of the new compounds were thoroughly characterized in terms of composition and structure. Finally, the key thermal characteristics of volatility and thermal stability were assessed using a combination of thermogravimetric analysis and complementary bulk sublimation experiments.
From Enantioenriched Donor‐Acceptor Cyclopropylcarbinols to Axially Chiral Arylnaphthalenes through Aryldihydronaphthalenes: Central‐to‐Axial Chirality Exchange
Authors: Saito Taichi , Shimizu Yuka , Araki Yusuke , Ohgami Yoshino , Kitazawa Yu , Nishii Yoshinori 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTransformations of enantioenriched donor‐acceptor (D−A) cyclopropylcarbinols to enantioenriched 1‐arylnaphthalenes that bear anortho‐substituent on a benzene ring provided a successful chirality‐exchange method with a high level of stereoinduction. A central chirality‐transfer step, i. e., a Lewis‐acid‐mediated ring‐opening cyclization of enantioenriched D‐A cyclopropylcarbinols (97 to >99 % ee), afforded 1‐aryl‐1,2‐dihydronaphthalenes with anortho‐substituent (Me, Br, OMe, OBn, or OiPr) on the benzene ring with high enantioselectivity (97 to >99 % ee). The central‐to‐axial chirality‐exchange step, i. e., the dehydrogenation of the obtained enantioenriched 1‐aryl‐1,2‐dihydronaphthalenes using DDQ, furnished the axially chiral 1‐arylnaphthalenes with high enantioselectivity (90 to >99 % ee). Importantly, we developed a highly enantioselective synthesis of a 1‐arylnaphthalene with anortho‐alkoxy group on the benzene ring. Moreover, we improved the chirality exchange to furnish a 1‐arylnaphthalene with anortho‐alkoxy‐substituted benzene ring in high yield with high ee.