bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bounded symbiosis and upwards reflection
Authors: Galeotti Lorenzo , Khomskii Yurii , Väänänen Jouko 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn Bagaria (J Symb Log 81(2), 584–604, 2016), Bagaria and Väänänen developed a framework for studying the large cardinal strength of downwards Löwenheim-Skolem theorems and related set theoretic reflection properties. The main tool was the notion of symbiosis, originally introduced by the third author in Väänänen (Applications of set theory to generalized quantifiers. PhD thesis, University of Manchester, 1967); Väänänen (in Logic Colloquium ’78 (Mons, 1978), volume 97 of Stud. Logic Foundations Math., pages 391–421. North-Holland, Amsterdam 1979) Symbiosis provides a way of relating model theoretic properties of strong logics to definability in set theory. In this paper we continue the systematic investigation of symbiosis and apply it to upwards Löwenheim-Skolem theorems and reflection principles. To achieve this, we need to adapt the notion of symbiosis to a new form, called bounded symbiosis. As one easy application, we obtain upper and lower bounds for the large cardinal strength of upwards Löwenheim–Skolem-type principles for second order logic.
Crashworthiness topology optimisation of a crash box to improve passive safety during a frontal impact
Authors: Silva Christian J. G. , Lopes Rogério F. F. , Domingues Tiago M. R. M. , Parente M. P. L. , Moreira Pedro M. G. P. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper focuses on the application of topology optimisation algorithms to improve the crashworthiness of heavy passenger vehicles, in frontal impact conditions. The objective is to find the optimal arrangement of material to minimise compliance, satisfying a volume constraint. Ultimately, it is intended to analyse the influence of this component in the energy absorption capability of the vehicle structure during a crash. Crashworthiness design plays a crucial role in the automotive industry, particularly in enhancing passenger safety. It aims to develop structures that can absorb more energy while minimising intrusion, to maintain the driver’s survival space. If so, crashworthiness design deals with conflicting objectives, and optimisation methods can be used to find a compromise between these parameters. The application of topological optimisation in the context of vehicle structure crashworthiness is still limited, mainly due to the high computational costs associated with crash simulations that deem these approaches impractical. To tackle this difficulty, this study performed the optimisation process on a single component, a crash box, employing optimisation algorithms built within a Matlab code, that iteratively interfaces with Abaqus® where the non-linear crash simulation is performed. Afterwards, the optimised component was incorporated into the coach chassis baseline and tested using an already established finite element model on VPS/PamCrash®, simulating a frontal impact, according to the ECE R29 regulation. The application of this methodology demonstrated that evolutionary algorithms can effectively be applied for topology optimisation under crashworthiness conditions, generating an optimised crash box that improves the crashworthiness metrics of the coach baseline structure.
Isoperimetric conditions, lower semicontinuity, and existence results for perimeter functionals with measure data
Authors: Schmidt Thomas 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe establish lower semicontinuity results for perimeter functionals with measure data on $${\mathbb {R}}^n$$

R

n

and deduce the existence of minimizers to these functionals with Dirichlet boundary conditions, obstacles, or volume-constraints. In other words, we lay foundations of a perimeter-based variational approach to mean curvature measures on $${\mathbb {R}}^n$$

R

n

capable of proving existence in various prescribed-mean-curvature problems with measure data. As crucial and essentially optimal assumption on the measure data we identify a new condition, called small-volume isoperimetric condition, which sharply captures cancellation effects and comes with surprisingly many properties and reformulations in itself. In particular, we show that the small-volume isoperimetric condition is satisfied for a wide class of $$(n{-}1)$$

(
n
-
1
)

-dimensional measures, which are thus admissible in our theory. Our analysis includes infinite measures and semicontinuity results on very general domains.
Methodology for pediatric head computed tomography image segmentation and volumetric calculation using a tablet computer and stylus pen
Authors: Hashimoto H. , Shimada M. , Takemoto O. , Chiba Y. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study presents a MATrix LABoratory (MATLAB)-based methodology for calculating intracranial volumes from head computed tomography (CT) data and compares it with established methods.

Methods
Regions of interest (ROI) were manually segmented on CT images using a stylus pen, facilitated by mirroring a computer desktop onto a tablet. The volumetric process involved three main steps: (1) calculating the volume of a single voxel, (2) counting the total number of voxels within the segmented ROI, and (3) multiplying this voxel count by the single-voxel volume. This method was applied to 83 pediatric head CT scans from patients with minor head trauma, and the volumetric results were compared with those obtained from OsiriX.

Results
A paired t-test revealed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) between volumes obtained with our MATLAB-based method and those from OsiriX, with our method measuring 0.32% higher. However, an unpaired t-test found no statistically significant differences between the volumetric population groups (p = 0.84).

Conclusion
The significant difference identified by the paired t-test likely reflects statistical distinctions arising from differences in the calculation methods of the two approaches. Conversely, the unpaired t-test suggests no statistically detectable differences between the volumetric populations. Although this does not imply that the two methods produce identical results, the volumetric populations derived from our method may originate from the same underlying population as those obtained using OsiriX. By taking these points into account, our method has the potential to serve as a valuable tool for volumetric measurements.
Seasonality of feedback mechanisms involved in Pacific coastal Niño events
Authors: Rudloff Daniel , Lübbecke Joke F. , Wahl Sebastian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The 2017 Pacific Coastal Niño Event was the strongest of its type. It caused torrential rainfall and devastating flooding in Peru and Ecuador and thus rapidly caught the attention of the scientific community. From reanalysis data, three similar events, occurring in 2008, 2012 and 2014, are identified which are however all weaker, peaked later during the year and led to very little socioeconomic impact. This study focuses on the role of seasonality for the evolution and impact of Coastal Niño events. Reanalysis products as well as historical simulations from a coupled climate model and targeted model sensitivity experiments are utilized to assess the seasonal varying contributions of surface heat fluxes, horizontal advection and subsurface processes to the modulation of sea surface temperatures off the Peruvian coast. As the atmospheric conditions underlay a strong seasonal cycle with convection only occurring between December and April, warm events in this season are shown to lead to stronger precipitation anomalies. Pacific coastal Niño events in general are shown to be primarily forced via oceanic processes, but in individual cases local atmospheric forcing plays an important role. However, there is a very high variability between the individual events, with especially the 2017 event standing out due to its forcing, timing, strength and associated precipitation response.
Assessment of insulin-degrading enzyme inhibitor for the treatment of corneal erosion in a rat model
Authors: Issac Levy , Dolev Dollberg , Irit Bahar , Assaf Dotan , Levy Issac 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Diabetes poses a risk to diabetic keratopathy in up to two-thirds of patients. Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) is a protease that can break down insulin and several growth factors and may impair wound healing. Increased IDE levels have been found in fluid from diabetic skin ulcers. This study sought to determine the effect of IDE inhibitor on corneal wound healing in a rat model.

Methods
Thirty-four male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: no diabetes and streptozocin-induced diabetes. Six weeks later, a 4-mm central corneal erosion was created under anesthesia in the right eye of all rats. In each group, half the rats were treated with ADT21 drops (IDE inhibitor) and half with NaCl 0.9% (sham) drops, four times daily. Image J analysis was performed to evaluate the area of erosion and healing rate.

Results
There was a trend for more rapid healing in rats treated with IDEI than NaCl drops, regardless of the diabetic condition. Comparison of erosion closure over time revealed that the wounds closed significantly more quickly in the non-diabetic rats treated with IDEI than in the non-diabetic rats treated with NaCl (p = 0.045), overall mean closure time 56.00 h, 95% CI [50.54, 61.46]. No such difference was seen in the diabetic group.

Conclusions
To our knowledge, this is the first study to test ADT21 drops as a novel treatment for corneal wound repair. Our results suggest a potential benefit of IDE inhibitor for treating corneal injury.
Reference values for the adolescent post version of the Postconcussion Symptom Inventory from the German general population
Authors: Zeldovich Marina , Krol Leonie , Timmermann Dagmar , Gioia Gerard , Cunitz Katrin , Buchheim Anna , von Steinbuechel Nicole 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The present study aims at providing reference values from the general pediatric population for the German version of the 21-item self-report post version of the Postconcussion Symptom Inventory for adolescents aged 13–17 years (PCSI-SR13) following pediatric traumatic brain injury (pTBI). A total of N = 950 adolescents completed an adapted version of the PCSI-SR13. Prior to establishing reference values using percentiles, psychometric properties (i.e., reliability and factorial validity) and regression analyses were examined to identify factors contributing to PCSI-SR13 scores. In addition, construct assessment in the general population sample was compared to that in the pTBI sample (N = 234) using measurement invariance analyses and direct comparisons at the score levels. The results indicate good reliability (Cronbach’s α and McDonald’s ω of 0.97 each). The four-factor structure covering physical, emotional, cognitive, and fatigue symptom groups could be replicated with χ
2(183) = 995.96, p < 0.001, χ
2/df = 5.44, CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.98, RMSEA (90% CI) = 0.068 (0.064, 0.073), SRMR = 0.03. With minor restrictions, the assessment of symptoms was comparable between the general population and the pTBI samples. Participants in the pTBI sample reported a significantly higher symptom burden than those in the general population sample. Reference values were provided using the total sample without further stratification.

Conclusion: For the German post version of the PCSI-SR13, reference values are now available for direct score comparisons and for drawing conclusions about the clinical relevance of the reported symptoms, while considering the prevalence in a comparable general population without a history of pTBI.

Trial registration: The study is retrospectively registered in the German Clinical Trials Register and in the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ID DRKS00032854).

What is Known:

• Pediatric traumatic brain injury (pTBI) is a major cause of death and disability, with a wide range of incidence rates and symptoms that interfere with daily functioning and recovery.• The Postconcussion Symptom Inventory (PCSI), including recently translated and validated German versions, is a recommended tool for measuring self-reported symptoms in affected children and adolescents.

What is New:

• This study provides German-specific reference values for the PCSI-SR13, allowing health care professionals to better differentiate between symptoms that may occur in the general adolescent population with and without chronic health conditions and those caused by pTBI.• It highlights that adolescents with chronic health conditions but without a history of pTBI often report higher levels of emotional symptoms and fatigue, emphasizing the importance of a nuanced clinical assessment, including medical history.
Transösophageale Echokardiographie bei kritisch kranken Patienten im Schockraum
Authors: Weißler Simon , Scheyer Daniel , Sixt Stephan , Kienbaum Peter , Knapp Jürgen , Hammer Niels , Heinen Yvonne , Bernhard Michael 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Echokardiographie ist ein zentrales Element in der Diagnostik von Patienten in der Notfall- und Intensivmedizin. Die transösophageale Echokardiographie (TEE) kann im Gegensatz zur transthorakalen Echokardiographie (TTE) unabhängig von Patientenhabitus, Beatmung und Lagerung durchgeführt werden und liefert dadurch eine konstant gute Bildqualität. Relevante Pathologien und reversible Ursachen eines Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstands (z. B. Lungenarterienembolie, Perikardtamponade) können schnell diagnostiziert und damit einer Behandlung zugänglich werden. Zusätzlich bleiben im Rahmen der kardiopulmonalen Reanimation ununterbrochene Thoraxkompressionen während der Diagnostik mittels TEE gewährleistet und es kommt zu keiner diagnostikbedingten Verlängerung der „no-flow-time“ (Unterbrechung der Thoraxkompressionen während der kardiopulmonalen Reanimation). Einige Studien beschreiben auch den Nutzen der TEE zur Termination der Reanimationsmaßnahmen bei ausbleibender mechanischer Herzaktivität. Ein weiteres Anwendungsgebiet der TEE stellt die Implantation und (Re‑)Positionierung der Kanülierung von Kreislaufunterstützungssystemen (z. B. „extracorporeal life support“, ECLS) dar. Zusammengefasst ist die TEE ein sicheres, schnell erlernbares und der TTE in einigen Aspekten überlegenes Verfahren zur Diagnostik von Schockraumpatienten. Die TEE kann bei ausreichender Expertise zu einem diagnostischen Instrument im Rahmen der kardiopulmonalen Reanimation werden. Die Anwendungsgebiete, Vorteile und potenzielle Risiken der TEE im Rahmen der Versorgung kritisch kranker Schockraumpatienten, einschließlich Reanimationssituationen, sollen dargestellt werden.
A prospective study comparing highly qualified Molecular Tumor Boards with AI-powered software as a medical device
Authors: Bando Hideaki , Naito Yoichi , Yamada Tomoyuki , Fujisawa Takao , Imai Mitsuho , Sakamoto Yasutoshi , Saigusa Yusuke , Yamamoto Kouji , Tomioka Yutaka , Takeshita Nobuyoshi , Sunami Kuniko , Futamura Megumi , Notake Chiemi , Aoki Satoko , Okano Kazunori , Yoshino Takayuki 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
The implementation of cancer precision medicine in Japan is deeply intertwined with insurance reimbursement policies and requires case-by-case reviews by Molecular Tumor Boards (MTBs), which impose considerable operational burdens on healthcare facilities. The extensive preparation and review times required by MTBs hinder their ability to efficiently assess comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) test results. Despite attempts to optimize MTB operations, significant challenges remain. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of QA Commons, an artificial intelligence-driven system designed to improve treatment planning using CGP analysis. QA Commons utilizes a comprehensive knowledge base of drugs, regulatory approvals, and clinical trials linked to genetic biomarkers, thereby enabling the delivery of consistent and standardized treatment recommendations. Initial assessments revealed that the QA Commons’ recommendations closely matched the ideal treatment recommendations (consensus annotations), outperforming the average results of MTBs at Cancer Genomic Medicine Core Hospitals.

Methods
A clinical performance evaluation study will be conducted by comparing the QA Commons’ treatment recommendations with those of the Academia Assembly, which includes medical professionals from the Cancer Genomic Medicine Core and Hub Hospitals. One hundred cases selected from the “Registry of the Academia Assembly,” based on defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, will be analyzed to assess the concordance of recommendations.

Conclusion
The expected outcomes suggest that QA Commons could reduce the workload of MTB members, standardize the quality of MTB discussions, and provide consistent outcomes in repeated patient consultations. In addition, the global expansion of QA Commons could promote worldwide adoption of Japan’s pioneering precision oncology system.
PhD candidates’ and supervisors’ wellbeing and experiences of supervision
Authors: Tikkanen Lotta , Ketonen Elina , Toom Auli , Pyhältö Kirsi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPhD candidates’ wellbeing has become a global concern over the past decade, and the topic has been addressed in several studies. At the same time, PhD supervisors’ wellbeing has remained largely unexplored. Also, most studies about supervisors’ and supervisees’ wellbeing have focused on negative aspects, such as stress and burnout, and they have generally ignored positive aspects, such as work engagement. For this study, we explored the variations in PhD candidates’ and supervisors’ occupational wellbeing regarding experienced burnout and engagement. In addition, we explored whether the perceptions of the quantity and quality of supervision were related to such variations among PhD candidates and supervisors. Overall, 768 PhD candidates and 560 supervisors from a research-intensive, multidisciplinary university participated in this quantitative study, and questionnaire data from the study were analysed using latent profile analysis. Four engagement–burnout profiles were identified among PhD candidates and supervisors, each showing unique combinations of the levels of the dimensions that were measured. The results showed that the supervisory experience was related to the wellbeing of both the PhD candidates and the supervisors, in terms of engagement and burnout, but in slightly different ways. The findings imply that developing functional supervisory practices is an investment not only in degree completion, but also in supervisors’ and supervisees’ wellbeing.
On the non-substantiality of logic: a case study
Authors: Carrara Massimiliano , Strollo Andrea 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOne of the goals of the natural sciences– for example biology– is to provide new information about certain phenomena with previously unknown nature. Their contribution to our knowledge is substantial. From this perspective, logic is seemingly not substantial. Sometimes, logic’s insubstantiality is taken for granted while explaining the alleged insubstantiality of other notions. For example, according to truth deflationism, truth is a non-substantial notion in the sense of being a logical property. However, it is not fully clear to what such an insubstantiality amounts. It is also debatable whether logic really is insubstantial. In this paper, we aim to clarify this issue by proposing a formal way of looking at it. In particular, we used the notion of conservativity, which has already been used by truth deflationism, for a similar aim. We show that if insubstantiality is read in terms of conservativity, then classical logic is substantial. We then argue that such a verdict of substantiality can be resisted if precise stances on certain prima facie unrelated issues of philosophy of logic are taken, or an anti-exceptionalist view is adopted.
Microstructure Formation in Hypoeutectic Alloys in the Fe–C–B–Cr–W System
Authors: Schaefer Hendric Maxwell , Lentz Jonathan , Röttger Arne , Weber Sebastian 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis work investigates the influence of tungsten (W) on the microstructure of alloys in the system Fe–C–B–Cr. The main goal is to examine the effect of W-additions on the microstructure and especially the potential stabilization of primary or eutectic borides in alloys with the compositions of Fe–0.4C–1B–2.5Cr + W. Thermodynamic equilibrium and Scheil–Gulliver calculations are performed to identify microstructurally significant alloy-compositions which are also devoid of borocarbides at austenitizing temperature. Accordingly, laboratory melts are cast, samples are swaged, austenitized, quenched and tempered. Additionaly, a near-equilibrium state is created by a diffusion annealing step to validate the equilibrium calculation. The resulting microstructures are characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy. It is shown that swaging can effectively convert the eutectic network into a powder-metallurgical-like spherical and isotropic hard phase dispersion without introducing microscopic or macroscopic defects. W-additions lead to the stabilization of eutectic FeWB and B-rich M23(B,C)6 carboborides as opposed to C-rich M23(C,B)6 formed in the quarternary Fe–C–B–Cr system. Thus, the chemical binding of B in M23(B,C)6 leads to a significant destabilization of the M2B-type borides FeWB and (Fe,Cr)2B. The results show that W-addition strongly influences the solidification reaction of Fe–Cr–C–B–W alloys and thus the present phases, even after diffusion annealing.
Simulating effects of sensor-to-segment alignment errors on IMU-based estimates of lower limb joint angles during running
Authors: Potter Michael V. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWearable inertial measurement units offer opportunities to monitor and study running kinematics in relatively unconstrained environments. However, there remain many challenges for accurately estimating joint angles from inertial measurement unit sensor data. One important challenge involves determining the sensor-to-segment alignment parameters which specify the relative positions and orientations between the sensor and anatomical coordinate frames. Errors in these parameters can lead to errors in joint angle estimates, so it is important for practitioners, researchers, and algorithm developers to understand the required accuracy of sensor-to-segment alignment parameters for different applications. In this study, 480,000 simulations were used to investigate the effects of varying levels of simultaneous sensor-to-segment alignment errors on the accuracy of joint angle estimates from an inertial measurement unit-based method for running. The results demonstrate that accurate lower limb joint angle estimates are obtainable with this method when sensor-to-segment alignment errors are low, but these estimates rapidly degrade as errors in the relative orientations between frames grow. The results give guidance on how accurate sensor-to-segment alignment parameters must be for different applications. The methods used in this paper may also provide a valuable framework for assessing the impact of simultaneous sensor-to-segment alignment errors for other inertial measurement unit based algorithms and activities.