bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New York City: COVID-19 quarantine and crime
Authors: Esposito Michelle Marie , King Anna 
Published: May 2021

PurposeIn early 2020, the world faced a rapid life-changing pandemic in the form of the Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) crisis. Citywide lockdowns with stay-at-home orders and mass closings quickly became the “new normal.” With these new mandates, routine activity, mental health and financial securities all began to experience major deviations, and it became clear that this could prove to be rather valuable in providing the opportunity for large-scale criminology experiments. This study aims to explore New York City's (NYC) crime patterns during this unique social situation. Specifically, has crime as a whole increased or decreased, and have particular crimes increased or decreased during these stressful fluid times?Design/methodology/approachThe authors briefly review previous crises and worldwide trends but focus on NYC crime as collected by the New York Police Department's statistics unit, “CompStat.” An analysis of 13 crime types from March 30 to July 5 was completed, including percent differences and individual weekly incidence rates in citywide crimes compared to the same time in 2019.FindingsThe analysis demonstrated that all crimes analyzed, except for murder and burglary, exhibited a statistically significant difference during COVID-19 conditions compared to the same time the previous year. Grand larceny auto and gun violence crimes significantly increased during COVID-19 weeks, whereas rape, other sex crimes, robbery, felony assault, grand larceny, transit, housing, misdemeanor assault and petit larceny all significantly decreased.Originality/valueDue to the ongoing nature of the pandemic, this is amongst the first studies to examine trends in NYC crime during pandemic mandates. Expanding our knowledge in these situations can inform natural disaster responses, as well as criminal justice policy and practice to better protect the public in future crises.
EU institutions and ICT: a new challenge in transparency and dialogue with citizens
Authors: Leite Isabel Costa 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
This paper starts by presenting a theoretical framework based on the evolution of this problem through the EU treaties and a literature review. The focus is then turned to the role of some European institutions, namely, the European Parliament, through the Committee on Petitions, and the European Ombudsman for their close relationship: the information and communications technology (ICT)channels that introduced new mechanisms of communication and information; and what level of use this system of dialogue assures citizens’ rights to petition and to complain.

Design/methodology/approach
The first decades of the history of the European Union did not consider the link with citizens as a central priority in the evolution of the European integration process. The idea of Europe, built step by step, was much more dependent on the states’ political elites and bureaucratic European institutions. The democratic deficit, however, changed the perspectives of the different actors involved in the institutional framework. New initiatives were introduced alongside treaties to make the integration process more transparent and closer to European citizens.

Findings
Those results can be confirmed through the statistics and reports presented annually by those institutions.

Originality/value
Due to innovation in the use of ICT, transparency and dialogue with citizens became much more effective.
What should Indian tourism and hospitality managers focus on to stay competitive in the coming decade?
Authors: Sanjeev Gunjan M. 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThis paper aims to summarize and review the key areas of importance that will drive a paradigm shift over the next decade in the Indian tourism and hospitality industry.Design/methodology/approachThis paper identifies important issues from the findings and managerial implications as identified by the contributors to the theme issue: What should Indian tourism and hospitality managers focus on to stay competitive in the coming decade?FindingsThis theme issue has brought to light some interesting factors that are going to dominate the industry in the near future. These factors are: the role of social media in how businesses will operate in the near future; information technology applications as influencers of profitability; the evolution of risk management techniques; differentiated valuation models; innovative ways to retain talent; and remodelling education at higher educational institutions offering hospitality education.Practical implicationsIn an era of tough completion and disruptive innovations, the tourism and hospitality industry will need to be proactive rather than reactive to the anticipated changes that are going to take place over next ten years. These changes will be very useful to domestic and foreign operators, as they consider the key issues that will impact on the Indian context over the next ten years.Originality/valueThis theme issue and, in particular, this concluding paper bring together important findings related to the issues of importance that are shaping a paradigm shift in the way tourism and hospitality businesses operate. Building upon viewpoints and perspectives of practitioners in the tourism and hospitality industry, these findings are unique and contemporary as compared to any other published source. This will be a significant contribution to the field of research relating to the Indian hospitality and tourism industry.
Interactions between soil properties, agricultural management and cultivar type drive structural and functional adaptations of the wheat rhizosphere microbiome to drought
Authors: Breitkreuz Claudia , Herzig Laura , Buscot François , Reitz Thomas , Tarkka Mika 
Published: May 2021

SummaryRhizosphere microbial communities adapt their structural and functional compositions to water scarcity and have the potential to substantially mitigate drought stress of crops. To unlock this potential, it is crucial to understand community responses to drought in the complex interplay between soil properties, agricultural management and crop species. Two winter wheat cultivars, demanding and non‐demanding, were exposed to drought stress in loamy Chernozem and sandy Luvisol soils under conventional or organic farming management. Structural and functional adaptations of the rhizosphere bacteria were assessed by 16S amplicon sequencing, the predicted abundance of drought‐related functional genes in the bacterial community based on 16S amplicon sequences (Tax4Fun) and the activity potentials of extracellular enzymes involved in the carbon cycle. Bacterial community composition was strongly driven by drought and soil type. Under drought conditions, Gram‐positive phyla became relatively more abundant, but either less or more diverse in Luvisol and Chernozem soil respectively. Enzyme activities and functional gene abundances related to carbon degradation were increased under drought in the rhizosphere of the demanding wheat cultivar in organic farming. We demonstrate that soil type, farming system and wheat cultivar each constitute important factors during the structural and/or functional adaptation of rhizobacterial communities in response to drought.
Application of mucilaginous seeds (Alyssum homolocarpum and Salvia macrosiphon Boiss) and wheat bran in improving technological and nutritional properties of pasta
Authors: Naji‐Tabasi Sara , Niazmand Razieh , Modiri‐Dovom Atena 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn recent years, dietary fibers have attracted a lot of attention as they reduce calories and witness the glycemic index. In this study, wheat bran (WB) and mucilaginous seeds flour (Qodume Shirazi seeds [QSS], wild sage seeds [WSS]) as sources of insoluble and soluble dietary fiber were used for pasta enrichment (50% WB, 45% WB–5% seed flour, and 40% WB–10% seed flour). The cooking properties, microstructural, textural, glycemic index, and sensory properties of pasta samples were evaluated. Fiber ingredients increased moisture content, cooking loss, and ash of pasta samples. In contrast, swelling indexing, optimum cooking time, and water absorption decreased. The samples containing high fiber had a darker appearance with a stiffer structure. Microstructure confirmed the presence of a developed protein matrix in the witness sample. But by substitution of the WB, a heterogeneous and dense network with small and large cells formed. The mucilaginous seed flours (WB–QSS and WB–WSS samples) improved the uniformity of pasta microstructure in comparison with WB sample. WB pasta samples reduced all sensory scores, but adding seed flours had a more noticeable influence on increasing the sensory properties. The presence of QSS and WSS resulted in more starchy and elastic texture. By using mucilaginous seeds flour in the production of high‐fiber pasta, the glycemic index decreased more noticeably. This investigation indicates the positive impact of mucilaginous seeds, especially WSS, on pasta sensorial properties, in line with a strong influence on technological characteristics and decreasing the glycemic index.Practical ApplicationThis study determined a practical approach to produce high‐fiber pasta by applying mucilaginous seeds with the improvement of technological and sensory properties.
Model‐predicted capillary leakage in graded hypotension: Extended analysis of experimental spinal anesthesia
Authors: Hahn Robert G. , Drobin Dan 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundCrystalloid fluid infused during the induction of spinal anesthesia is involved in a complex set of physiological responses, including vasodilatation, reactive vasoconstriction, and changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP). The present evaluation compares the modeled capillary leakage in anesthetized versus nonanesthetized body regions.MethodsTen female volunteers (mean age, 29 years) received 25 ml/kg of Ringer's acetate over 60 min during experimental spinal anesthesia. Blood hemoglobin was measured repeatedly in the radial artery (reference), arm (cubital) vein, and leg (femoral) vein for 240 min. Each pattern of data served as a dependent variable in volume kinetic analyses that used mixed models software and MAP as covariate.ResultsThe capillary leakage of fluid from the plasma to the extravascular space peaked at 17 ml/min when MAP was 100 mmHg, and the two venous curves were virtually identical. At MAP 60 mmHg, the rate was reduced to 10‐12 ml/min when assessed in arterial blood and leg vein blood, but only 5 mmHg in blood collected from the arm vein. The distribution half‐life of infused fluid was then 40 min in the leg and 80 min in the arm. These results suggest that vasoconstriction in nonanesthetized body regions halves the capillary leakage that is observed in vasodilated, anesthetized body regions.ConclusionGraded hypotension during spinal anesthesia reduced the capillary filtration of fluid as determined by volume kinetic analysis. The effect was twice as great when venous blood was sampled from a nonanesthetized body region than from an anesthetized body region.
Regulatory KIR+RA+ T cells accumulate with age and are highly activated during viral respiratory disease
Authors: Pieren Daan K. J. , Smits Noortje A. M. , Hoeboer Jeroen , Kandiah Vinitha , Postel Rimke J. , Mariman Rob , van Beek Josine , van Baarle Debbie , de Wit Jelle , Guichelaar Teun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSevere respiratory viral infectious diseases such as influenza and COVID‐19 especially affect the older population. This is partly ascribed to diminished CD8+ T‐cell responses a result of aging. The phenotypical diversity of the CD8+ T‐cell population has made it difficult to identify the impact of aging on CD8+ T‐cell subsets associated with diminished CD8+ T‐cell responses. Here we identify a novel human CD8+ T‐cell subset characterized by expression of Killer‐cell Immunoglobulin‐like Receptors (KIR+) and CD45RA (RA+). These KIR+RA+ T cells accumulated with age in the blood of healthy individuals (20–82 years of age, n = 50), expressed high levels of aging‐related markers of T‐cell regulation, and were functionally capable of suppressing proliferation of other CD8+ T cells. Moreover, KIR+RA+ T cells were a major T‐cell subset becoming activated in older adults suffering from an acute respiratory viral infection (n = 36), including coronavirus and influenza virus infection. In addition, older adults with influenza A infection showed that higher activation status of their KIR+RA+ T cells associated with longer duration of respiratory symptoms. Together, our data indicate that KIR+RA+ T cells are a unique human T‐cell subset with regulatory properties that may explain susceptibility to viral respiratory disease at old age.
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of atraumatic restorative treatment to manage early childhood caries: microsimulation modelling
Authors: Tonmukayakul U , Forrest H , Arrow P 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study assessed the cost‐effectiveness of atraumatic restorative treatment and the Hall Technique approach (ART/HT) in managing dental caries in young children under the health provider perspective in order to explore a best‐buy alternative to dental general anaesthesia (DGA).MethodsSixty‐five observations from a randomized controlled trial were used to construct 20 000 microsimulations representing individual‐level clinical outcome and costs of the DGA and ART/HT. Outcome was percentage of successfully managed cases. Costs were reported in 2020 price. Three different scenarios with different assumptions of clinical success of the DGA and the ART/HT were analysed. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis was carried out.ResultsThe ART/HT successfully managed more cases at lower cost ($557) than the DGA when the system failure of the DGA was considered. Under per protocol analysis, participants in both arms were successfully managed, but the ART/HT costed $580 less than the DGA. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis confirmed the ART/HT was a dominant intervention.ConclusionsThe ART/HT approach was non‐inferior in managing dental caries in young children but at lower costs than the DGA. The ART/HT could be a viable option in the provision of comprehensive dental care in locations with limited access to DGA and reduce hospital admission.
Letter: the use of magnetic resonance scores (Anali) for risk stratification in PSC
Authors: Lemoinne Sara , Cazzagon Nora , Chazouillères Olivier , Corpechot Christophe , Arrivé Lionel 
Published: May 2021

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Mazhar & Russo papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16296 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16397
Review article: the role of nutrition in alcohol‐associated liver disease
Authors: Bhavsar‐Burke Indira , Jansson‐Knodell Claire L. , Gilmore Ashley C. , Crabb David W. 
Published: May 2021

SummaryBackgroundMalnutrition is a commonly encountered issue in patients with alcohol‐associated liver disease. The role of nutritional supplementation in the management of alcohol‐associated liver disease is integral to patient outcomes—it has been shown to decrease rates of hepatic encephalopathy, improve outcomes post‐liver transplant, reduce 90‐day hospital readmissions and lower mortality. Despite these benefits, many studies have shown nutritional support to be an underutilised tool in the care of patients with alcohol‐associated liver disease.AimsTo review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, recommendations for nutritional assessment and supplementation, as well as future directions for research of the relationship between nutrition and alcohol‐associated liver disease.MethodsA literature search was conducted via PubMed using MeSH terms to inform this narrative review.ResultsDecreased dietary intake, socioeconomic status, impaired absorption of nutrients and increased free radical species are implicated in the pathophysiology of malnutrition in alcohol‐associated liver disease.ConclusionsMalnutrition is common in alcohol‐associated liver disease, and physicians should be aware of its association with poor clinical outcomes. Routine nutritional assessment, involvement of a dietician and nutritional supplementation are recommended to improve clinical outcomes in patients with alcohol‐associated liver disease.
Letter: the use of magnetic resonance scores (Anali) for risk stratification in PSC—authors' reply
Authors: Russo Mark W. , Mazhar Areej 
Published: May 2021

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Mazhar & Russo and Lemoinne et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16296 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16378
Editorial: total anti‐drug antibodies detected using drug‐tolerant assays during induction with anti‐TNF therapy are associated with treatment failure—out of sight but not out of mind. Authors' reply
Authors: Roblin Xavier , Nancey Stephane , Paul Stéphane 
Published: May 2021

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Tournier et al and Turbayne and Ward papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16333 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16359
Tracking a central banker's preference: A nonparametric regression approach
Authors: Park Cheolbeom , Park Sookyung 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe examine how the Fed's preference influences the behavior of inflation rate and unemployment rate using US data over the period of 1960–2017. After showing instability in a constant‐coefficient regression, we run a nonparametric regression, and find that the Fed's preference parameters have moved, implying that its preference can be represented by the asymmetric preference model putting more weights on high unemployment rate approximately before the era of Volcker's chairmanship and by the inflation targeting model during the 1980s and 1990s. The Fed's preferences again seem concerned about higher unemployment after the Global Financial Crisis.
Long‐term efficacy and safety of percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) in cystic thyroid nodules: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Cesareo Roberto , Tabacco Gaia , Naciu Anda Mihaela , Crescenzi Anna , Bernardi Stella , Romanelli Francesco , Deandrea Maurilio , Trimboli Pierpaolo , Palermo Andrea , Castellana Marco 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundPercutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) is used for the treatment of benign cystic thyroid nodules. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to obtain strong evidence of its long‐term efficacy and safety.MethodsPubMed, CENTRAL, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched until November 2020 for studies reporting data on volume reduction rate (VRR), compressive symptoms and cosmetic concerns. Associated complications were assessed. A random‐effects model was designed to pool the data.ResultsOut of 385 papers, nine studies evaluating 1667 nodules were finally included. Overall, VRR at 6, 12, 24, 36, 60 and 120 months was 77%, 81%, 72%, 68%, 74% and 69%, respectively. Significant reductions in the compressive symptoms and cosmetic concerns were observed. No permanent complications were observed.ConclusionsThe present meta‐analysis showed that PEI could significantly reduce the volume of benign cystic thyroid nodules. This reduction was already effective at 6 months post‐treatment, and the effect was stable over time.
The role of offline trade in sharing accommodation
Authors: Li Yating , Mu Liying 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOver the past few years, sharing accommodation—wherein hosts with vacant properties trade with consumers in need of accommodation through an intermediary platform—has emerged as a prevalent business model; popular examples include Airbnb (United States) and Tujia (China). The platform serves as an intermediary that connects two sides of the market and earns a profit by collecting service fees from both parties. Recently, an interesting phenomenon—where property hosts and consumers bypass the intermediary and trade offline—has been widely reported in practice. Motivated by this observation, this article studies the decision making of the platform (e.g., service fees, penalties) in the presence of offline trading. Our analysis reveals several interesting insights. First, in contrast to conventional wisdom, consumers may be harmed by the introduction of offline trading. This provides a novel direction for the platform to mitigate offline trading—advertising the harm that offline trading poses to consumers and advocating for a refusal of offline trade at the source. Further, while the service fees charged from the hosts and consumers are, in some sense, substitutable when offline trade is ignored, the platform should limit the service fees charged to the consumers in the presence of offline trading. Finally, a higher penalty charged on detected offline trade could backfire and lead to a lower profit for the platform; as such, our results caution policymakers to take offline trading into account before making any operational decisions.
Cerebral visual impairment in CDKL5 deficiency disorder: vision as an outcome measure
Authors: Olson Heather E , Costantini Julia G , Swanson Lindsay C , Kaufmann Walter E , Benke Timothy A , Fulton Anne B , Hansen Ronald , Poduri Annapurna , Heidary Gena 
Published: May 2021

AimTo characterize the neuro‐ophthalmological phenotype of cyclin‐dependent kinase‐like 5 (CDKL5) deficiency disorder (CDD) and assess visual acuity as a reproducible, quantitative outcome measure.MethodWe retrospectively analyzed clinical data from patients with CDD. Complete neuro‐ophthalmological assessments, including visual acuity, were evaluated.ResultsOf 26 patients (22 females, four males; median age 4y, interquartile range 2y 1mo–7y 10mo), cerebral visual impairment (CVI), defined as visual dysfunction in the absence of ocular or anterior visual pathway abnormalities, was diagnosed in all those over 2 years of age. Ophthalmological examinations revealed nystagmus in 10 patients and strabismus in 24 patients. Visual acuity was measured in 24 patients, by preferential looking in all and by sweep visual evoked potential in 13. Visual acuities were lower than age expectations and demonstrated improvement in the first 3 years. Adjusting for age and sex, average preferential looking visual acuity after 2 years of age was higher in patients with intact mobility than in those who were non‐mobile.InterpretationCVI was observed in patients with CDD. Visual acuity improved over time and correlated with mobility. Visual acuity, as a quantifiable measure of visual function, should be considered as an outcome measure in pre‐clinical and clinical studies for CDD.
What this paper adds

Cerebral visual impairment is highly prevalent in cyclin‐dependent kinase‐like 5 deficiency disorder (CDD).

Visual acuity is a measurable quantitative outcome measure in CDD.

Visual acuity in CDD correlates with gross motor ability.