bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protection of Students’ Personal Data in Times of Development of Biometric Technologies as a Challenge for Universities in Poland
Authors: Kupiec Mateusz 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Biometric technologies have been gaining popularity lately. An increasing number of enterprises and public entities worldwide are using them for security measures. Many universities in the European Union have also begun to recognise the benefits of implementing biometric systems in their organisations, and it is just a matter of time before universities in Poland join them as well. However, biometric data used by such systems are especially sensitive as they may reveal intimate information about data subjects. As such, they are counted among special categories of personal data, the processing of which is in principle prohibited by art. 9 (1) GPDR. Furthermore, the processing of students’ personal data demands special care from universities as they are vulnerable data subjects. Students are namely subordinate to university authorities, which significantly limits their scope of autonomy. Therefore, the use of biometric technologies poses a challenge for universities in Poland. The following article aims to present the main reasons why students are vulnerable data subjects and which legal grounds provided by GDPR are most suitable for processing their biometric data by universities.
The Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Distance Learning in Higher Education: Case Study of Belarusian Law Schools
Authors: Krasnitskaya Liubou , Khvatsik Yuliya 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The right to education is a fundamental human right making possible the realisation of other rights of human beings. The authors starts the research with the core characteristics of the human right to education. Human rights law prescribes that education of all types and at all levels should be accessible for everyone and adaptable to respond to the changing world order. In these uncertain times distance education is considered an appropriate form of education that ensures the access to knowledge and professional skills to a broad group of learners. The researchers pay attention to the legal regulations and practical aspects of the provision of distance education in the times of the pandemic. Distance learning in Belarus is analysed in the context of higher education in general and in realm of legal education in particular. The article is enriched by the findings of the empirical research carried out among the academic staff of the Belarusian law school. The survey makes an attempt to assess the capacity of law teachers to provide online legal education.
Severe Acute Neurologic Involvement in Children With Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome
Authors: Brown Clare C. , Garcia Xiomara , Bhakta Rupal T. , Sanders Emily , Prodhan Parthak 
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Acute severe neurologic involvement is the most threatening complication in children with hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). Our primary study objectives were to describe the association between acute neurologic manifestations (ANMs) and in-hospital mortality among children with HUS.METHODS:Using the Pediatric Health Information System database, in this retrospective multicenter cohort study, we identified the first HUS-related inpatient visit among children ≤18 years (years 2004–2018). Frequency of selected ANMs and combinations of ANMs, as well as the rate of mortality, was calculated. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the association of ANMs and the risk of in-hospital mortality.RESULTS:Among 3915 patients included in the analysis, an ANM was noted in 10.4% (n = 409) patients. Encephalopathy was the most common ANM (n = 245). Mortality was significantly higher among patients with an ANM compared with patients without an ANM (13.9% vs 1.8%; P &lt; .001). Individuals with any ANM had increased odds of mortality (odds ratio [OR]: 2.25; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.29–3.93; P = .004), with greater risk (OR: 2.60; 95% CI: 1.34–5.06; P = .005) among patients with ≥2 manifestations. Brain hemorrhage (OR: 3.09; 95% CI: 1.40–6.82; P = .005), brain infarction (OR: 2.64; 95% CI: 1.10–6.34; P = .03), anoxic brain injury (OR: 3.92; 95% CI: 1.49–10.31; P = .006), and brain edema (OR: 4.81; 95% CI: 1.82–12.71; P = .002) were independently associated with mortality.CONCLUSIONS:In this study, the largest systematic assessment of ANMs among children with HUS to date, we identify differences in in-hospital mortality based on the type of ANM, with increased risk observed for patients with multiple ANMs.
Palliative Care Referrals in Cardiac Disease
Authors: Moynihan Katie M. , Heith Catherine S. , Snaman Jennifer M. , Smith-Parrish Melissa , Bakas Anna , Ge Shirley , Cerqueira Amanda Vidotto , Bailey Valerie , Beke Dorothy , Wolfe Joanne , Morell Emily , Gauvreau Kimberlee , Blume Elizabeth D. 
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVES:With evidence of benefits of pediatric palliative care (PPC) integration, we sought to characterize subspecialty PPC referral patterns and end of life (EOL) care in pediatric advanced heart disease (AHD).METHODS:In this retrospective cohort study, we compared inpatient pediatric (&lt;21 years) deaths due to AHD in 2 separate 3-year epochs: 2007–2009 (early) and 2015–2018 (late). Demographics, disease burden, medical interventions, mode of death, and hospital charges were evaluated for temporal changes and PPC influence.RESULTS:Of 3409 early-epoch admissions, there were 110 deaths; the late epoch had 99 deaths in 4032 admissions. In the early epoch, 45 patients (1.3% admissions, 17% deaths) were referred for PPC, compared with 146 late-epoch patients (3.6% admissions, 58% deaths). Most deaths (186 [89%]) occurred in the cardiac ICU after discontinuation of life-sustaining therapy (138 [66%]). Medical therapies included ventilation (189 [90%]), inotropes (184 [88%]), cardiopulmonary resuscitation (68 [33%]), or mechanical circulatory support (67 [32%]), with no temporal difference observed. PPC involvement was associated with decreased mechanical circulatory support, ventilation, inotropes, or cardiopulmonary resuscitation at EOL, and children were more likely to be awake and be receiving enteral feeds. PPC involvement increased advance care planning, with lower hospital charges on day of death and 7 days before (respective differences $5058 [P = .02] and $25 634 [P = .02]).CONCLUSIONS:Pediatric AHD deaths are associated with high medical intensity; however, children with PPC consultation experienced substantially less invasive interventions at EOL. Further study is warranted to explore these findings and how palliative care principles can be better integrated into care.
Development of a rapid UPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of toddalolactone in mouse blood and its application in pharmacokinetics
Authors: Zhou Jing , Wang Hongzhe , Miao Caiyun , Yao Yunxi , Ma Jianshe 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A rapid and simple UPLC-MS/MS method was developed to determine toddalolactone in mouse blood and applied to measure the pharmacokinetics of toddalolactone in mice. Blood samples were first preprocessed by ethyl acetate liquid-liquid extraction. Oxypeucedanin hydrate (internal standard, IS) and toddalolactone were gradient eluted from a UPLC BEH C18 column using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water (0.1% formic acid). Using electrospray ionization (ESI) as the ionization source, multiple reaction monitoring was used to detect the precursor and product ions of m/z 309.2 and 205.2, respectively, for toddalolactone and of m/z 305.1 and 203.0 for IS, respectively, for quantitative detection. A calibration curve was run over the concentration range of 5–4,000 ng/mL (r > 0.995). The matrix effects ranged from 93.5 to 98.4%, and the recovery was higher than 77.3%. The precision was less than 13%, and the accuracy ranged from 90.9 to 108.4%. The developed UPLC-MS/MS method was successfully used for measuring the pharmacokinetics of toddalolactone in mice after oral (20 mg/kg) and intravenous administration (5 mg/kg), and the absolute bioavailability of toddalolactone was 22.4%.
Security für die NAMUR Open Architecture
Authors: Runde Markus , Barth Christian , Brcic Mirko , Wartmann Gerd 
Published: February 2021

Die Digitalisierung hält mit verschiedenen Konzepten Einzug in die Prozessautomatisierung. Die NAMUR Open Architecture zielt dabei auf eine Ergänzung vorhandener Automatisierungssysteme ab. Die durch diese Anwendungen bedingten Security-Anforderungen dieser Anwendung sind dabei auf Komponenten- wie auch auf Systemeebene zu betrachten und im Weiterbetrieb zugewährleisten.
<sup>18</sup>F-FDG positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography in renal cell carcinoma diagnostics
Authors: Ilyakov V. S. , Pronin Artem , Mikhaylov A. I. , Parnas A. V. , Meshcheriakova Nadezhda , Kamolova Z. H. 
Published: February 2021

Positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET/CT) is a method, capable of evaluation of not only structural, but also metabolic alterations in organs and tissues.18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-PDG) PET/CT is widely used in diagnostics of various malignant tumors, but its role in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains obscure.Despite its limited effectiveness in primary and differential diagnosis of RCC, PET/CT can be used to determine the grade of malignancy and the histological type of tumor. According to various authors,18F-FDG standardized uptake value (SUV) of a renal neoplasm can serve as an independent prognostic factor of overall survival.18F-FDG PET/CT is widely used to detect local recurrence and metastatic lesions in various neoplastic processes. Numerous studies confirm the high efficiency of PET/CT in detection of metastases and recurrence discernment for RCC.The ability to assess the metabolic activity of neoplastic foci using PET/CT may allow for evaluation of RCC therapy effectiveness, which is confirmed by clinical studies of various targeted therapy agents, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, and monoclonal antibodies.Thus, there is growing evidence that18F-FDG PET/CT is a useful tool in diagnostics of RCC.
Ocena efektywności ekonomicznej procesu WAG na podstawie danych eksperymentalnych dla jednego z krajowych złóż ropy naftowej
Authors:   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Wojnicki Mirosław , Kuśnierczyk Jerzy ,   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Szuflita Sławomir ,   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Warnecki Marcin ,   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Published: February 2021

The challenge related to the need for an increase of the recovery factor concerns numerous mature, also domestic oilfields, including the most important ones – located in Main Dolomite formation. Satisfactory recovery factor can be ensured only through applying an effective enhanced oil recovery method (EOR). Water Alternating Gas (WAG), as one of the most effective EOR methods, has been tested in conditions characteristic for domestic deposits in carbonate formations. The results of experimental and simulation works carried out at the Oil and Gas Institute (INiG – PIB) indicate significant potential for the application of the WAG method in domestic conditions. An unquestionable advantage of the WAG method is the opportunity to utilize various types of gases, including flue/waste gas or low-energy natural gas. This issue deserves special attention because, as we know, the reduction in the emissions of gases involved in global warming is critical for the future of our planet. Their utilization in EOR methods, coupled with their safe storage in geological structures, constitute measures that reduce the environmental footprint of produced oil. In the article, based on the of experimental results, a simplified economic analysis of the utilization of four gas types in the form of acidic gases (carbon dioxide and its mixture with hydrogen sulfide) and natural gases (high and very high nitrogen content) in the WAG method was carried out. That allowed to identify the most economically optimal variants of the WAG method. The results showed that despite significantly lower effectiveness of nitrogen-rich natural gases in enhancing oil recovery (in the context of recovery factor), their application might be justified in economic terms. The selection of the optimal variant for enhancing recovery is strongly influenced by the assumed (current) cost of acquiring the injected media, and of course by the current (and forecasted) crude oil price.
Wpływ nanorurek węglowych (CNTs) na parametry mechaniczne kamieni cementowych w warunkach HPHT
Authors:   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Kędzierski Miłosz , Rzepka Marcin ,   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Kremieniewski Marcin ,   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Published: February 2021

The article presents the results of testing the influence of carbon nanotubes on the mechanical parameters of cement stones under HPHT conditions. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with an external diameter of 10–20 nm and a length of 10–30 μm were used for testing. 0.1% of carbon nanotubes was added to the cement slurry. Laboratory tests of cement slurries were carried out at Oil and Gas Institute – National Research Institute. The tests were carried out under conditions of increased pressure and temperature in the temperature range of 60–130°C and the pressure range of 25–80 MPa. CEM I 42.5R Portland cement and Class G drilling cement were used to make the slurries at temperature of 60oC. Cement slurries for temperatures from 80oC to 130oC were prepared on the basis of class G drilling cement. The recipes were developed on the basis of the requirements to be met by cement slurry for the cementing of casing under conditions of very high temperatures and reservoir pressures. The densities of tested slurries ranged from 1,840 kg/m3 (slurries at a temperature of 60°C) to 2.250 kg/m3 (slurries with the addition of hematite).Compressive strength tests and adhesion measurements were carried out after 2, 7, 14 and 28 days. Cement slurry recipes with very good technological parameters were developed, which after curing (after 28 days of hydration) showed very high values of compressive strength, reaching up to 44 MPa. Cements were characterized by high values of adhesion to pipes reaching up 8 MPa after 28 days and flexural strength of about 11 MPa. The test results show that the addition of carbon nanotubes has a positive effect on the mechanical strength of cement stones with their addition. The stones modified in this way are characterized by high compressive strength and high adhesion to steel pipes. Further research is needed to determine the influence of carbon nanotubes on the microstructure of hardened cement slurries. It is also necessary to conduct further research on the determination of the optimal amounts of these agents and the selection of the most compatible additives for cement slurries that work optimally in combination with nanoparticles.
U-IMD: The first Unified European registry for Inherited Metabolic Diseases
Authors: Opladen Thomas , Gleich Florian , Kozich Viktor , Scarpa Maurizio , Martinelli Diego , Schaefer Franz , Jeltsch Kathrin , Palacios Natalia Julia , Cazorla Angels Garcia , Vici Carlo Dionisi , Kölker Stefan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Following the broad application of new analytical methods, more and more pathophysiological processes in previously unknown diseases have been elucidated. The spectrum of clinical presentation of rare inherited metabolic diseases (IMDs) is broad and ranges from single organ involvement to multisystemic diseases. With the aim of overcoming the limited knowledge about the natural course, current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, the project has established the first unified patient registry for IMDs that fully meets the requirements of the European Infrastructure for Rare Diseases (ERDRI).
Results : In collaboration with the European Reference Network for Rare Hereditary Metabolic Disorders (MetabERN), the Unified European registry for Inherited Metabolic Diseases (U-IMD) was established to collect patient data as an observational, non-interventional natural history study. Following the recommendations of the ERDRI the U-IMD registry uses common data elements to define the IMDs, report the clinical phenotype, describe the biochemical markers and to capture the drug treatment. Until today, more than 1100 IMD patients have been registered.
Conclusion: The U-IMD registry is the first observational, non-interventional patient registry that encompasses all known IMDs. Full semantic interoperability for other registries has been achieved, as demonstrated by the use of a minimum common core data set for equivalent description of metabolic patients in U-IMD and in the patient registry of the European Rare Kidney Disease Reference Network (ERKNet). In conclusion, the U-IMD registry will contribute to a better understanding of the long-term course of IMDs and improved patients care by understanding the natural disease course and by enabling an optimization of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Rabbit thyroid extracellular matrix as a 3D bioscaffold for thyroid bioengineering: a&nbsp;preliminary&nbsp;in&nbsp;vitro&nbsp;study
Authors: Weng Jie , Chen Bi , Xie Mengying , Wan Xinlong , Peng Wang , Zhou Xiaoming , Zhou Zhiliang , Mei Jin , Wang Liang , Huang Duping , Wang Zhibin , Wang Zhiyi , Chen Chan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Advances in regenerative medicine technologies have been strongly proposed in the management of thyroid diseases. Mechanistically, the adoption of thyroid bioengineering requires a scaffold that shares a similar three dimensional (3D) space structure, biomechanical properties, protein component, and cytokines to the native extracellular matrix (ECM).Methods: 24 male New Zealand white rabbits were used in this experimental study. The rabbit thyroid glands were decellularized by immersion/agitation decellularization protocol. The 3D thyroid decellularization scaffolds were tested with histological and immunostaining analyses, scanning electron microscopy, DNA quantification, mechanical properties test, cytokine assay and cytotoxicity assays. Meanwhile, the decellularization scaffold were seeded with human thyroid follicular cells, cell proliferation and thyroid peroxidase were determined to explore the biocompatibility in vitro.Results: Notably, through the imaging studies, it was distinctly evident that our protocol intervention minimized cellular materials and maintained the 3D spatial structure, biomechanical properties, ECM composition, and biologic cytokine. Consequently, the decellularization scaffold was seeded with human thyroid follicular cells, thus strongly revealing its potential in reinforcing cell adhesion, proliferation, and preserve important protein expression.Conclusions: The adoption of our protocol to generate a decellularized thyroid scaffold can potentially be utilized in transplantation to manage thyroid diseases through thyroid bioengineering.
Origin, behaviour, and genetics of reproductive workers in an invasive ant
Authors: Lenancker Pauline , Feldhaar Heike , Holzinger Anja , Greenfield Melinda , Strain Angela , Yeeles Peter , Hoffmann Benjamin D , Tay Wee Tek , Lach Lori 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Worker reproduction has an important influence on the social cohesion and efficiency of social insect colonies, but its role in the success of invasive ants has been neglected. We used observations of 233 captive colonies, laboratory experiments, and genetic analyses to investigate the conditions for worker reproduction in the invasive Anoplolepis gracilipes (yellow crazy ant) and its potential cost on interspecific defence. We determined the prevalence of worker production of males and whether it is triggered by queen absence; whether physogastric workers with enlarged abdomens are more likely to be reproductive, how normal workers and physogastric workers compare in their contributions to foraging and defence; and whether worker-produced males and males that could have been queen- or worker-produced differ in their size and heterozygosity.Results: Sixty-six of our 233 captive colonies produced males, and in 25 of these, some males could only have been produced by workers. Colonies with more workers were more likely to produce males, especially for queenless colonies. The average number of days between the first appearance of eggs and adult males in our colonies was 54.1± 10.2 (mean ± SD, n=20). In our laboratory experiment, queen removal triggered an increase in the proportion of physogastric workers. Physogastric workers were more likely to have yolky oocytes (37-54.9%) than normal workers (2-25.6%), which is an indicator of fertile or trophic egg production. Physogastric workers were less aggressive during interspecific aggression tests and foraged less than normal workers. The head width and wing length of worker-produced males were on average 4.0% and 4.3% greater respectively than those of males of undetermined source. Our microsatellite DNA analyses indicate that 5.5% of worker-produced males and 14.3% of males of undetermined source were heterozygous, which suggests the presence of diploid males and/or genetic mosaics in A. gracilipes. Conclusions: Our experimental work provides crucial information on worker reproduction in A. gracilipes and its potential cost to colony defence. The ability of A. gracilipes workers to produce males in the absence of queens may also contribute to its success as an invasive species if intranidal mating can take place between virgin queens and worker-produced males.