bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical minds in Arabic and Islamic studies courses: A whiff of change
Authors: Al Kuhayli Halah A. , El Alaoui Khadija , Pilotti Maura A.E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn the present manuscript, we report the findings of a study that surveyed female college students' views of revamped Islamic and Arabic Culture courses embedded in the curriculum of a secular academic program in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Of interest were students' views of and responses to recently implemented features of the curriculum and instruction that exemplified active learning. The ancillary aim was to determine whether views and responses were linked to performance. At the end of the semester, students recognized that the courses' curriculum and instruction fostered active learning opportunities, and expressed an appreciation for learning that is impactful. Results involving performance were mixed though. In fact, whereas recitation and final test performance decreased with students' recognition that instruction prioritized understanding of facts and ideas, greater discussion of matters that engaged students' attention, such as cognitive distortions and personal views, was associated with higher midterm and final test performance. It was concluded that the novelty of activities capable of engaging students in the learning process might explain students' appreciation of active learning as well as such activities' mixed relationship with performance outcomes.
Increased myofilament calcium sensitivity is associated with decreased cardiac troponin I phosphorylation in the diabetic rat heart
Authors: Greenman Angela C. , Diffee Gary M. , Power Amelia S. , Wilkins Gerard T. , Gold Olivia M. S. , Erickson Jeffrey R. , Baldi James C. 
Published: October 2021

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
In Zucker Diabetic Fatty rats, does cardiomyocyte myofilament function change through the time course of diabetes and what are the mechanisms behind alterations in calcium sensitivity?
What is the main finding and its importance?
Zucker Diabetic Fatty rats had increased myofilament calcium sensitivity and reduced phosphorylation at cardiac troponin I without differential O‐GlcNAcylation.
AbstractThe diabetic heart has impaired systolic and diastolic function independent of other comorbidities. The availability of calcium is altered, but does not fully explain the cardiac dysfunction seen in the diabetic heart. Thus, we explored if myofilament calcium regulation of contraction is altered while also categorizing the levels of phosphorylation and O‐GlcNAcylation in the myofilaments. Calcium sensitivity (pCa50) was measured in Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rat hearts at the initial stage of diabetes (12 weeks old) and after 8 weeks of uncontrolled hyperglycaemia (20 weeks old) and in non‐diabetic (nDM) littermates. Skinned cardiomyocytes were connected to a capacitance‐gauge transducer and a torque motor to measure force as a function of pCa (−log[Ca2+]). Fluorescent gel stain (ProQ Diamond) was used to measure total protein phosphorylation. Specific phospho‐sites on cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and total cTnI O‐GlcNAcylation were quantified using immunoblot. pCa50 was greater in both 12‐ and 20‐week‐old diabetic (DM) rats compared to nDM littermates (P = 0.0001). Total cTnI and cTnI serine 23/24 phosphorylation were lower in DM rats (P = 0.003 and P = 0.01, respectively), but cTnI O‐GlcNAc protein expression was not different. pCa50 is greater in DM rats and corresponds with an overall reduction in cTnI phosphorylation. These findings indicate that myofilament calcium sensitivity is increased and cTnI phosphorylation is reduced in ZDF DM rats and suggests an important role for cTnI phosphorylation in the DM heart.
miR‐302a‐3p targets FMR1 to regulate pyroptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells induced by hypoxia–reoxygenation injury
Authors: Bai Tao , Cui Yanzhi , Yang Xian , Cui Xinyue , Yan Congmin , Tang Ying , Cao Xiaoming , Dong Chunhui 
Published: October 2021

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?How does miR‐302a‐3p play a role in hypoxia–reoxygenation‐induced pyroptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells?
What is the main finding and its importance?Hypoxia–reoxygenation treatment upregulated the expression of miR‐302a‐3p in HK‐2 cells, and then inhibited the transcription of FMRP translational regulator 1 (FMR1), so as to promote the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and aggravate the pyroptosis of HK‐2 cells. miR‐302a‐3p was used as a molecular target in this study, which provides a new theoretical basis for the treatment of renal failure.
AbstractHypoxia–reoxygenation (H/R) induction can affect miRNA expression and then control NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome‐mediated pyroptosis. This study investigated the mechanism of miR‐302a‐3p in H/R‐induced renal tubular epithelial cell (RTEC) pyroptosis. Human HK‐2 RTECs were induced by H/R. Lactate dehydrogenase content, cell activity and pyroptosis, and levels of NLRP3, GSDMD‐N, caspase‐1, interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐18, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde were detected to verify the effect of H/R on HK‐2 cells. The NLRP3 inflammasome action was evaluated after H/R‐induced HK‐2 cells were treated with BAY11‐7082, an inflammasome inhibitor. After inhibiting miR‐302a‐3p expression, the changes of pyroptosis were observed. The binding relation between miR‐302a‐3p and FMRP translational regulator 1 (FMR1) was verified. A function‐rescue experiment verified the role of FMR1 in the regulation of pyroptosis. H/R‐induced HK‐2 cells showed significant pyroptosis injury, and the NLRP3 inflammasome was activated. After inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome, H/R‐induced apoptosis was inhibited. After H/R treatment, miR‐302a‐3p in HK‐2 cells was increased, and miR‐302a‐3p downregulation limited H/R‐induced NLRP3 inflammasome‐mediated pyroptosis. FMR1 is the target of miR‐302a‐3p. Inhibition of FMR1 alleviated the inhibition of H/R‐induced HK‐2 cell pyroptosis by miR‐302a‐3p inhibitor. Collectively, inhibiting miR‐302a‐3p can weaken its targeted inhibition on FMR1, thereby inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes and reducing caspase‐1‐dependent pyroptosis in HK‐2 cells.
The Study of Genetic Polymorphism of Fungal Pathogens Using iPBS Assays
Authors: Khapilina O.N. , Turzhanova A.S. , Shevtsov V.A. , Tumenbaeva A.R. , Raiser O.B. , Tagimanova D.S. , Kalendar R.N. 
Published: October 2021

Species of the genus Alternaria are widely distributed as saprophytes on plant residues, as well as pathogens of various plant species. On wheat seeds, Alternaria fungi are localized in the endosperm and fruit shells, causing symptoms of "black germ" disease, and are a dominant component of the wheat seed microbiome. Recently, due to the high potential danger of these fungi, much attention has been paid to the study of the genetic variability of populations that exist in certain climatic conditions. Using retrotransposon sequences as markers increase knowledge about phylogenetic relationships within populations of phytopathogenic fungi, as well as their biodiversity.
The iPBS (inter-priming binding sites) method used in this work was applied to detect genetic polymorphism of isolates of the genus Alternaria, as the most frequently encountered genus (the frequency of isolation was more than 50%). The isolates were isolated from wheat seeds that were cultivated in various ecological regions. The 4 iPBS primers used in this study amplified 387 fragments, 352 of which were polymorphic. The level of detected polymorphism varied from 66% when using primer 2224 to 100% when using primer 2242. The information content index of the PIC (polymorphism information content) primers varied in the range of 0.894-0.987. Analysis of genetic polymorphism revealed significant genetic variability among fungal isolates. Genetic analysis of amplification profiles of isolates of fungi of the genus Alternaria conducted using the GenAlex 6.5 software differentiated all isolates into 2 large groups. Isolates of A. infectoria were isolated in a separate cluster. Isolates of A. alternata and A. tennuissima were grouped in a different cluster depending on the species. Research results show that the iPBS method is highly effective for the genetic differentiation of phytopathogenic fungi at both intraspecific and interspecific levels.
Molybdoenzyme Participation In Plant Biochemical Processes
Authors: Tokasheva D.S. , Nurbekova Zh.A. , Akbassova A.Zh. , Omarov R.T. 
Published: October 2021

Molybdenum is a key microelement in plant vital functioning. The microelement can be absorbed by the plants only in the form of molybdate-anion. The Molybdenum deficiency affects negatively to the most important agricultural growing. As molybdenum takes part in such vital mechanisms as nitrogen and sulfur metabolism, plant hormone biosynthesis, and purine banding catabolism. Molybdenum is included in enzyme content which is called molybdoenzyms. Having bonded with molybdopterin it creates molybdenum co-factor (Moco) and gets oxidation-reduction properties. Moco is included in active site of molybdoenzymes. They take part in sulfur and nitrogen metabolism, and detrimental compound detoxication. Molybdenum deficiency is characterized by the slow plant growth, low amount of chlorophyll ascorbic acid capacity.It was noticed that plants suffering from the molybdenum deficiency can be saved, sodium molibdate can be used, it can be put directly in the soil or plant leaves can sprayed with the solution. There are five plant molibdoenzymes which are currently known: sulfite oxidase (SO), xanthine dehydrogenase (XD), nitrate reductase (NR), aldehyde oxidase (AO) and mitochondrial amidoxim-regenerative component. Nitrate reductase catalyzes the first stage of nitrate assimilation, eucariotic organisms contain three isoforms of the molybdoezimes: A NADH, A NAD(P)H и NADPH. Xanthine dehydrogenase regulates purine metabolism. XD increases plant antioxidant ability and slows down leaves aging. Molybdoenzymess are involved in the process of the stress adaptation, defining of the mechanisms and their reaction to environmental stress conditions is important for plant stress resistance.
Genetic Engineering Materials Bank of The National Center for Biotechnology
Authors: Sarsen A. , Saginova M. , Mukanov B. , Aktayeva S. , Akishev Zh. , Mussakhmetov A. , Kiribayeva A. , Baltin K. , Silayev D. , Khassenov B. 
Published: October 2021

For the development of science-intensive technologies in biology, biotechnology and medicine, it is necessary to store valuable DNA samples: genes of enzymes, antigens, proteins for various purposes, and DNA loci in a depository. Storing DNA is inexpensive, and having such a depository will reduce the time spent on research in basic and applied science.
The genetically engineered materials bank has been formed at the National center for biotechnology. Now, the bank has 88 samples of cloned genes of enzymes, antigens, proteins and diagnostically significant loci. Plasmid vectors with cloned genes are stored at a temperature -20°С. Besides competent cells of Escherichia coli strain DH5α were transformed with vectors and recombinant strains were isolated. Recombinant strains carrying the required plasmid vectors are stored for cryopreservation at a temperature -80°С.
Specifications of Nutrition with Healthy and Pathological Conditions of Psoriasis
Authors: Nurgozhina A. , Yermekbayeva B. , Gulyayev A. , Kozhakhmetov S. , Sergazy Sh. , Nurgaziyev M. , Aitenov Y. , Chulenbayeva L. , Tuyakova A. , Kushugulova A. 
Published: October 2021

Psoriasis is a long-lasting autoimmune disease characterized by patches of abnormal skin. 183 participants in the experiment were selected for the study, half of which are with psoriasis disease. All participants in the study passed the EPIC-Norfolk Food Frequency Questionnaire, which was completed once and included a diet over the past week. The aim of the study was to identify the intakes of different nutrients in two groups by age. After questionnaire FETA tool was used to analyze all answers (http://www.srl.cam.ac.uk/epic/epicffq/). The output was the results for all nutrients and macro and microelements that are in the food. Significant differences in patients were in eight nutrients, namely: betacarotene, carotene, fructose, potassium, potatoes, fruits, nuts and seeds, and vegetables. All differences are in favor of healthy patients. Patients with psoriasis had a diet with low income of fruits and vegetables which brought to the deficiency in some nutrients and vitamins. The used tool for converting food frequency questionnaire data into nutrient and food group values can be used widely for different study populations.
Illness and injury among Norwegian Para athletes over five consecutive Paralympic Summer and Winter Games cycles: prevailing high illness burden on the road from 2012 to 2020
Authors: Steffen Kathrin , Clarsen Benjamin , Gjelsvik Hilde , Haugvad Lars , Koivisto-Mørk Anu , Bahr Roald , Berge Hilde Moseby 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveTo describe the illness and injury pattern of Norwegian Para athletes over five consecutive Paralympic Summer and Winter Games cycles and to identify which health problems should be targeted in risk management plans with respect to impairment types.MethodsWe monitored athletes from 12 to 18 months prior to each Game using a weekly online questionnaire (Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center-H2 (OSTRC-H2)). We asked them to report all health problems they had experienced in the preceding 7 days, irrespective of their consequences on their sports participation or performance and whether they had sought medical attention.ResultsBetween 2011 and 2020, 94 candidate athletes were included in this monitoring programme and prepared to represent Norway; of these, 66 (71%) were finally selected for multiple Paralympic Games. The overall response rate to the weekly questionnaires was 87%. At any given time during the five observation cycles, 37% of the athletes (95% CI 36% to 38%) reported having at least one health problem. Athletes with neurological impairments (n=51) lost 10 days per year due to respiratory problems (95% CI 9 to 11) compared with 9 days (8-10) among those with musculoskeletal impairments (n=37). Gastrointestinal problems caused a time loss of on average 4 days per year in athletes with neurological impairments versus 1 day in athletes with musculoskeletal impairments (mean difference 2.7 days, 2.1–3.3). Musculoskeletal injuries generated a high burden for both athlete groups, in particular, to the elbow, shoulder and lumbosacral regions.ConclusionAt any given time, nearly two out of five elite Norwegian Para athletes reported at least one health problem. Respiratory tract and other infections; gastrointestinal problems, injuries to the shoulder, elbow and lumbosacral regions represented the greatest health burden. Our findings can help guide the allocation of clinical resources, which should include a broad network of medical specialists, together with dieticians and physiotherapists, to meet the health challenges in Para athletes.
Whole blood versus component therapy for haemostatic resuscitation of major bleeding: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ssentongo Anna E , Ssentongo Paddy , Heilbrunn Emily , Laufenberg Puopolo Lacee , Chinchilli Vernon M , Oh John , Hazelton Joshua 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionThere is a renewed interest in the use of whole blood (WB) to manage patients with life-threatening bleeding. We aimed to estimate mortality and complications risk between WB and blood component therapy for haemostatic resuscitation of major bleeding.MethodsWe will conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published between 1 January 1980 and 1 January 2020, identified from PubMed and Scopus databases. Population will be patients who require blood transfusion (traumatic operative, obstetric and gastrointestinal bleeding). Intervention is WB transfusion such as fresh WB (WB unit stored for less than 48 hours), leukoreduced modified WB (with platelets removed during filtration), warm fresh WB (stored warm at 22°C for up to 8 hours and then for a maximum of an additional 24 hours at 4°C). The primary outcomes will be the 24-hour and 30-day survival rates (in-hospital mortality). Comparator is blood component therapy (red blood cells, fresh-frozen plasma and platelets given together in a 1:1:1 unit ratio). The Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomised controlled trials and Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies - of Interventions (ROBINS-I) for observation studies will be used to assess the risk of bias of included studies. We will use random-effects models for the pooling of studies. Interstudy heterogeneity will be assessed by the Cochran Q statistic, where p<0.10 will be considered statistically significant and quantified by I2statistic, where I2≥50% will indicate substantial heterogeneity. We will perform subgroup and meta-regression analyses to assess geographical differences and other study-level factors explaining variations in the reported mortality risk. Results will be reported as risk ratios and their 95% CIs.Ethics and disseminationNo ethics clearance is required as no primary data will be collected. The results will be presented at scientific conferences and published in a peer-reviewed journal.
Spatiotemporal analysis of the first wave of COVID-19 hospitalisations in Birmingham, UK
Authors: Watson Samuel I , Diggle Peter J , Chipeta Michael G , Lilford Richard J 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesTo evaluate the spatiotemporal distribution of the incidence of COVID-19 hospitalisations in Birmingham, UK during the first wave of the pandemic to support the design of public health disease control policies.DesignA geospatial statistical model was estimated as part of a real-time disease surveillance system to predict local daily incidence of COVID-19.ParticipantsAll hospitalisations for COVID-19 to University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust between 1 February 2020 and 30 September 2020.Outcome measuresPredictions of the incidence and cumulative incidence of COVID-19 hospitalisations in local areas, its weekly change and identification of predictive covariates.ResultsPeak hospitalisations occurred in the first and second weeks of April 2020 with significant variation in incidence and incidence rate ratios across the city. Population age, ethnicity and socioeconomic deprivation were strong predictors of local incidence. Hospitalisations demonstrated strong day of the week effects with fewer hospitalisations (10%–20% less) at the weekend. There was low temporal correlation in unexplained variance. By day 50 at the end of the first lockdown period, the top 2.5% of small areas had experienced five times as many cases per 10 000 population as the bottom 2.5%.ConclusionsLocal demographic factors were strong predictors of relative levels of incidence and can be used to target local areas for disease control measures. The real-time disease surveillance system provides a useful complement to other surveillance approaches by producing real-time, quantitative and probabilistic summaries of key outcomes at fine spatial resolution to inform disease control programmes.
Invasive alien species in protected areas: the dynamics of Pinus taeda at Rio Canoas State Park – Brazil
Authors: Ricardo Bruna Hellen , Siminski Alexandre , dos Reis Maurício Sedrez 
Published: October 2021

Biological invasion is a growing problem, and species of the genus Pinus are known to be a problem in the forests of southern Brazil, including in conservation units. Here, we studied the ecology of Pinus taeda L. invasion in Rio Canoas State Park (PAERC) in regards to forest inventory, soil seed bank analysis, and seed rain assessment, in three distinct successional stages inside the park referred to as “Pinus invasion”, “Old Growth Vegetation”, and “Initial Vegetation”. The forest inventory of 33 (20 m × 20 m) plots found Pinus in two of the three evaluated environments. Seed rain was collected bimonthly using 33 (1 m × 1 m) seed traps for a period of 1 year. The major seed distribution periods were in April and June, confirming data found in the literature. The seed bank was analyzed in February (summer) and June (winter) of 2018. Samples were kept in a greenhouse for a period of 120 days each. Summer evaluation showed no emergence of Pinus taeda seedlings, but the winter evaluation (June) did show the emergence of seedlings. The results showed that the soil seed bank is not persistent. Accordingly, the Pinus invasion reported at PAERC requires a restoration program, as well as one that controls reinfestation.
Interculturalidades en danza: recreaciones del imaginario identitario argentino
Authors: Citro Silvia 
Published: October 2021

El artículo analiza cómo las políticas culturales emprendidas en Argentina entre 2010-2015 intentaron confrontar el tradicional imaginario identitario sobre “el origen blanco-europeo” de los argentinos. Para ello, inicialmente, realizo una genealogía de las principales transformaciones históricas de esas políticas e imaginarios, para luego focalizar en las actuaciones del Combinado Argentino de Danza (CAD), en las celebraciones de conmemoración de estado-nación argentino, organizadas por el Ministerio de Cultura de la Nación durante este período. El CAD es el primer grupo de la escena local que propuso combinar géneros folklóricos nacionales que revalorizan influencias indígenas, con el hip hop, la danza contemporánea y la música electrónica, articulando a artistas de distintas procedencias regionales y estéticas. A través de este caso, reflexiono sobre los modos en que las ideologías multiculturalistas globales han sido reelaboradas localmente, en los intentos políticos por legitimar un nuevo imaginario nacional intercultural, popular y no sexista.
Ischemic Stroke in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy According to Presence or Absence of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Fauchier Laurent , Bisson Arnaud , Bodin Alexandre , Herbert Julien , Spiesser Pascal , Pierre Bertrand , Clementy Nicolas , Bernard Anne , Babuty Dominique , Lip Gregory Y.H. 
Published: October 2021

Background and Purpose:
Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) have high risk of ischemic stroke (IS), especially if atrial fibrillation (AF) is present. Improvements in risk stratification are needed to help identify those patients with HCM at higher risk of stroke, whether AF is present or not.

Methods:

This French longitudinal cohort study from the database covering hospital care from 2010 to 2019 analyzed adults hospitalized with isolated HCM. A logistic regression model was used to construct a French HCM score, which was compared with the HCM Risk-CVA and CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc scores using c-indexes and calibration analysis.

Results:

In 32 206 patients with isolated HCM, 12 498 (38.8%) had AF, and 2489 (7.7%) sustained an IS during follow-up. AF in patients with HCM was independently associated with a higher risk for death (hazard ratio, 1.129 [95% CI, 1.088–1.172]), cardiovascular death (hazard ratio, 1.254 [95% CI, 1.177–1.337]), IS (hazard ratio, 1.210 [95% CI, 1.111–1.317]), and other major cardiovascular events. Independent predictors of IS in HCM were older age, heart failure, AF, prior IS, smoking and poor nutrition (all
P
<0.05). For the HCM Risk-CVA score, CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc score and a French HCM score, all c-indexes were 0.65 to 0.70, with good calibration. Among patients with AF, the CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc score had marginal improvement over the HCM Risk-CVA score but was less predictive compared with the French HCM score (
P
=0.001). In patients without AF, both HCM Risk-CVA score and the French HCM score had significantly better prediction compared with CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc (both
P
<0.0001). Decision curve analysis demonstrated that the French HCM score had the best clinical usefulness of the 3 tested risk scores.

Conclusions:
Patients with HCM have a high prevalence of AF and a significant risk of IS, and the presence of AF in patients with HCM was independently associated with worse outcomes. A simple French HCM score shows good prediction of IS in patients with HCM and clinical usefulness, with good calibration.