bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nephrotic Syndrome Family Self-Assessments Questioned
Authors: Sabbeth Barbara F. 
Published: December 2021

The report by Vance et al "Effects of Nephrotic Syndrome on the Family: A Controlled Study"1 warrants further comment. The authors conclude that in general the frequency of serious problems experienced by parents and siblings of children with nephrotic syndrome may not be as great as was once assumed. Their conclusion is inadequately supported by data which consist mainly of self-assessments.
Usually an individual's assessment of his/her problems differs considerably from an interviewer's more objective judgment and from scores on a standardized test.
Paper Diapers and Positive Ferric Chloride Test
Authors: Porter George E. 
Published: December 2021

We have had an interesting experience in our office where we do routine ferric chloride tests on our newborn infants as well as a check for glucose at the time of their first visit.
We recently came up with a positive ferric chloride test on a child's diaper. Urine was collected and sent to the Metabolic Disorders Laboratory at the Massachusetts Department of Public Health State Laboratory in Jamaica Plain; test results were normal. Results of tests performed at the time of the child's birth were also normal.
Dose of Mannitol for Increased Intracranial Pressure
Authors: Porayko Michael K. , Baptist Errol C. 
Published: December 2021

We read with interest the recent article on Reye's syndrome by Shaywitz et al1 with its excellent treatment protocol.
The article, however, contains a serious error in the dose of mannitol given, both in Table 3 and in the text. The dose of 0.25 to 1 mg/kg/dose is far too low and should have read 0.25 to 1 gm/kg/dose, in accordance with the dose in current use.
ABRAHAM JACOBI ON MEDICAL SPECIALIZATION, AS VIEWED IN 1880
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Abraham Jacobi (1830-1919), this country's first professor of infantile pathology and therapeutics, and the first to establish a children's clinic in the United States (1860), had strong views concerning medical specialization. This is evident in the quotation below, taken from an address he gave at the 1880 meeting of the American Medical Association.1
We are surrounded by specialists of all sizes and regions. The human body is held no longer to be an organism, but a conglomerate of organs which have no connection with each other. One man doctors the eye as another plays on the violin; another the larynx, as one plays the harp; another on the rectum, as one handles the bass. Eyes are by this time a recognized specialty, the practice on which requires a great deal of practical skill and dexterity. The ears have been thrown in, as, though the diagnosis of their diseases has made great progress, their medication and other treatment is, in many cases, rather a thankless task. Nose, throat, and larynx have been conquered as special property. Lungs and heart are also claimed as such; the urinary organs are invaded by specialists; the sexual organs of the male are the field of operation on the part of specialists; the sexual organs of the female, with their appendages, are sacred property of another class, and these appendages are said to extend from top to toe; the skin, this fourteen square feet domain, is no longer subject to the general practitioner; the hair is coveted by one specialist, corns by another, nervous diseases by this, rheumatism by that specialist.
Prophylaxis of Otitis Media
Authors: Kishel Mark , Borg Sandra 
Published: December 2021

We read with interest Dr Paradise's article1 on otitis media and would like to comment on the appropriate use of penicillin G in the chemoprophylaxis of otitis media in susceptible children.
Although Drs Klein and Finland2 found lower minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) needed for penicillin G than penicillin V against Haemophilus influenzae, we found subsequent studies that indicate even higher MICs are necessary for penicfflin G.3,4 Maintaining adequate blood levels with penicillin G presents problems, in that the drug is excreted rapidly by the kidneys, and excreted even more rapidly in children.5
Must We Teach ‘Clinical Judgement’?
Authors: Bloom Henry R. 
Published: December 2021

The senior clinician enters the examination room with the resident, intern, and student. On the examination table sits a disconsolately crying toddler with a temperature of 40 C. The mother sits anxiously next to the table.
The clinician tells the mother to put the child on her lap and begins, in a quiet, sympathetic way, to talk with the mother about the child's history. The clinician listens carefully, repeating the mother's phrases back to her. She begins to relax and smile a bit as her child accepts a shiny penlight from the clinician who is listening to her recital.
Chloride Deficiency and Alkalosis
Authors: Finberg Laurence 
Published: December 2021

I was pleased to see the excellent paper by Grossman et al entitled "The Dietary Chloride Deficiency Syndrome" (Pediatrics 66:366, 1980). The very carefully reported growth data will be useful to all of us interested in electrolyte abnormalities. I should like to add a nuance concerning the pathophysiology of alkalosis secondary to chloride deficiency.
Whereas everything the authors said is surely correct insofar as our present understanding is concerned, there is now evidence that makes it even easier to understand how a chloride-deficient state leads to alkalosis.
Expanding Horizons on a Diminishing Planet
Authors: Henderson Donald A. 
Published: December 2021

I am honored and pleased to be given the opportunity to participate with you today in your celebration of an extraordinary 50 years of achivement1—a history which, even when viewed through a critical retrospective lens, can bear with distinction the appellations of prescient, bold, imaginative, and progressive. I doubt there is today any other professional medical organization which can display with pride such a record without developing a revisionist history adapted to the flow of subsequent events. It is obvious that the Academy has led, not followed; that it has deliberately and aggressively pursued concepts in prevention which were often more visionary than those advocated by leaders in my own field; and that this year, it has boldly extended its purview to embrace an even broader range of objectives in stating its "National Child Health Goals."2
Rightly, the Academy has recognized that solutions today must transcend the conventional boundaries of curative medicine. In enunciating your goals, you have implicitly recognized this in identifying objectives which will require an active partnership with educators and environmentalists, behavioral scientists, and politicians alike in the interests of healthier children.
The past 50 years have witnessed unprecedented changes in medicine, in science in its totality—indeed, in our entire social structure and values. We can be confident that the next 50 years will bring even more revolutionary changes, but can we anticipate them any better than we anticipated the computer, organ transplantation, or the atom bomb? At a far more mundane level could the surgeon-general in the midst of a 1930 Washington heat wave have anticipated that the now ubiquitous air-conditioner would be in common use only 20 years hence?
THE FIRST JOURNAL DEVOTED EXCLUSIVELY TO PEDIATRICS (1834)
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

The first pediatric journal ever published appeared in 1834 and was known as the Analekten über Kinderkrankheiten; it was published in Stuttgart and lasted for only three years. During its short life this journal contained several notable articles which could stifi be read with interest by present-day pediatricians.
Among the authors whose articles were published were: C. W. Hufeland (1762-1836), Court physician at Weimar and author of one of the most popular books of its time on personal hygiene, published in 1797; J. B. Bouillard (1796-1881), who in 1835 was the first to demonstrate the frequency and importance of heart disease coincident with acute articular rheumatism; and P. DuBois (1795-1871), who published the first detailed description of hyperemesis gravidarum in 1852.
ON THE PROPER TREATMENT OF INFANTS ACCORDING TO DAVID RAMSAY OF SOUTH CAROLINA (1790)
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

David Ramsay (1749-1815), a pupil of Benjamin Rush, was a Revolutionary patriot and statesman, historian, and practitioner. In 1790, in a dissertation which he read before the Medical Society of South Carolina, he offered the following suggestions to those caring for infants.
The foundation of good health through life, should be laid in a proper treatment of infants. Their limbs should be unconfined, and frequently rubbed. Their food ought to be plain and simple. They should be constantly clean, and never suffered to remain wet for any length of time. Caps should be laid aside after the third or fourth month in winter, and much sooner in summer. Shoes and stockings may well be dispensed with through the whole period of infancy. Every prudent exertion should be early made for hardening the constitution against sudden changes of the atmosphere. To this end exercise should be freely and daily taken in the open air. When the weather turns suddenly cold, some additional clothing may be proper; but it is often more for the interest of children to habituate them to all the differences of our weather, and even to expose them to occasional colds, than by an excess of care and tenderness to induce a delicacy of habit....
In nursing cradles are hurtful. They add much to the heat of the infants who are confined between their narrow sides. A hard mattress is much cooler and on many accounts preferable. The youths who are accustomed to sleep on the floor with bare blankets will pass through life with more independence and with greater advantages than they who are accustomed to the relaxing indulgencies of soft beds....
THE HEALTHIEST COUPLE
Authors: Carlyon William 
Published: December 2021

They brush and they floss with care every day, But not before breakfast of both curds and whey.
He jogs for his heart she bikes for her nerves; They assert themselves daily with appropriate verve.
He is loving and tender and caring and kind, Not one chauvinist thought is allowed in his mind.
They are slim and attractive well-dressed and just fun. They are strong and well-immunized against everything under the sun.
They are sparkling and lively and having a ball. Their diet? High fiber and low cholesterol.
Cocktails are avoided in favor of juice; Cigarettes are shunned as one would the noose;
They drive their car safely with belts well in place; at home not one hazard ever will they face.
1.2 children they raise, both sharing the job. One is named Betty, .2 is named Bob.
And when at the age of two hundred and three they jog from this life to one still more free,
Theyll pass through those portals to claim their reward and St. Peter will stop them "just for a word."
"What Ho" he will say, "You cannot go in. This place is reserved for those without sin."
"But weve followed the rules" she'll say with a fright. "We're healthy"– "Near perfect"– "And incredibly bright."
"But thats it" will say Peter, drawing himself tall "You've missed the point of living By thinking so small."
"Life is more than health habits, Though useful they be, It is purpose and meaning, the grand mystery."
"You've discovered a part of what makes humans whole and mistaken that part for the shape of the soul."
THE APPALLING INDUSTRIAL HAZARDS TO WHICH AMERICAN WORKING CHILDREN WERE EXPOSED IN 1900
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

In 1900 one-third of the workers in our Southern mills were children. For the United States at large about twenty percent of all children between 10 to 15 years of age were employed as full-time factory workers. At the turn of the century child labor was a practice encouraged by industry, agreed to by parents, and generally ignored by government. To call attention to the evils of child labor, John Spargo, an American reformer and author, published his impassioned book entitled, The Bitter Cry of Children, in 1906.
In it he wrote:
It is a sorry but indisputable fact that where children are employed, the most unheathful work is generally given them. In the spinning and carding rooms of cotton and woollen mills, where large numbers of children are employed, clouds of lint-dust fill the lungs and menace the health. The children have often a distressing cough, caused by the irritation of the throat, and many are hoarse from the same cause. In bottle factories and other branches of glass manufacture, the atmosphere is constantly charged with microscopic particles of glass. In the wood working industries, such as the manufacture of cheap furniture and wooden boxes, and packing cases, the air is laden with fine sawdust. Children employed in soap and soap-powder factories work, many of them, in clouds of alkaline dust which inflames the eyelids and nostrils. Boys employed in filling boxes of soap-powder work all day long with handkerchiefs tied over their mouths. In the coal-mines the breaker boys breathe air that is heavy and thick with particles of coal, and their lungs become black in consequence.
The ‘Infant Formula Controversy’: A Notorious Threat to Reason in Matters of Health
Authors: May Charles D. 
Published: December 2021

Few pediatricians could have spared the time to follow the so-called "infant formula controversy" closely enough to sift out the main issue, nor could much help have come from the confused coverage in the mass media. The infant formula controversy refers to intemperate attacks on those companies marketing prepared infant formulas in Third World countries, in which epithets like "Baby Killers" and "Declaring War on Babies" were broadcast.
The agitation behind these outbursts was originally stimulated by a growing concern shared by many that the already frightful infant morbidity and mortality in underdeveloped countries could be aggravated by a decline in prevalence of breast- feeding observed in some regions.
The World Health Organization Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes
Authors:   Board of Directors of the Ambulatory Pediatric Association
Published: December 2021

At its business meeting in April 1981, the Ambulatory Pediatric Association voted to urge the United States delegation to the World Health Assembly to vote for the adoption of the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes. (The APA resolution, which summarizes salient features of the Code, is shown in the Table.) This action followed two prior resolutions: one at the 1979 meeting expressing concern about "significant risks to child health ... associated with artificial feeding in the developing world," and the second in 1980, supporting the boycott of Nestle's products. In May 1981, the United States was the only nation to vote against the Code. Following the vote, the US House of Representatives condemned the Administration's position by a vote of 301 to 100, and the Senate expressed its concern by a vote of 89 to 2. In view of the current controversy and the crucial role pediatricians play in influencing feeding practices, we think it important to consider (1) the effects of promotion of infant formulas, (2) criticisms of the Code, and (3) the responsibility of pediatricians toward promotion of infant formula.
Despite claims to the contrary, marketing of infant formula influences maternal feeding practices. In recent testimony before the House Subcommittee on International Economic Policy and Trade, Carl Taylor, Professor and Head of the Department of International Health at the Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health presented some evidence:1 Massive advertising and availability of formula have been associated with a decline in breast-feeding in oil-rich Arab countries so that only 15% of mothers are nursing their babies at 3 months of age.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Starko Karen M. , Ray C. George 
Published: December 2021

We believe the evidence presented by Drs Clark and Fitzgerald is insufficient to reject the hypothesis that salicylate causes or contributes to the cause of Reye's syndrome.
First, at least for single-dose ingestions, a critical factor in the interpretation of serum salicylate bevels is the time between ingestion and the determination of the level.1 Although the salicylate levels described by Clark and Fitzgerald are within the range of what is generally considered nontoxic, the significance of these levels is unclear without knowledge of the time that had elapsed since ingestion.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: McAnarney Elizabeth R. 
Published: December 2021

The article entitled "Teenaged and Pre-teenaged Pregnancies: Consequences of the Fetal-Maternal Competition for Nutrients" (Pediatrics 67:146, 1981) is a timely and important contribution. One of the greatest strengths of the paper is that Dr Naeye considered factors other than maternal age that affect fetal growth: namely, maternal pregravid body weight for height, pregnancy weight gain, parity, and cigarette smoking.
There are several comments that might be pertinent in considering these data as the debate still continues whether the very young adolescent (10 to 14 years of age) has a biologic predisposition to bear more low birth weight babies than older adolescents or adults or whether the increased incidence of low birth weight infants born to the very young adolescent reflects fewer prenatal visits and inadequate care and thus, with good care, might be eliminated.
JOB LEWIS SMITH ON MATERNAL IMPRESSIONS AS A CAUSE OF CLEFT LIP AND PALATE (1890)
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Job Lewis Smith (1827-1897), a founder of the American Pediatric Society and who, with Abraham Jacobi, established pediatrics as a specialty in our country, was a firm believer that strong mental impressions during pregnancy might be a cause of congenital malformations.
He gave the following explanation of the cause of cleft lip and palate in the seventh edition of his textbook, published in 1890.1
Mrs. D[unknown], Eighth avenue, New York, seven months before the birth of her child, when visiting at a distance, accidentally broke the plate of a full set of upper teeth. The line of fracture was antero-posterior and through the centre of the plate. Being away from home, she was much annoyed by the accident and retained the fragments of the plate in situ by pressure with the tongue. As she could not open her mouth without the plate falling out, except it was retained by pressure with the tongue, her mind was dwelling almost constantly on the accident during the few days of her visit. Her boy, born seven months subsequently, had a hare-lip and cleft palate. The mother stated that the deficiency in the lip and palate corresponded precisely to the location of the fracture in the plate.
A NEW BREED OF NURSES NEEDS TO BRIND NURSING BACK TO THE BEDSIDE
Authors: Roberts A. D. 
Published: December 2021

What are we offered today by the aggressive new breed of leaders and educators in nursing? An angry, dwindling profession, failing with increasing frequency to meet the needs of patients and physicians and in the process making themselves and everyone else miserable. The idealistic young people who come into the profession to actually nurse patients are sometimes made to feel like Aunt Jemiinas, become discouraged and leave, or, if they remain, are denied status, promotions and raises.
The "new model" nursing leaders and educators pursue higher status, higher incomes, more respect and recognition—as indeed most of us do. There's nothing wrong with that. What is damaging is the mode of attack.
By striving to capture some independent middle ground between classical nursing and medical practice, nursing leaders threaten to make of their professionals neither nurses nor physicians, fit only to cause trouble: trouble for people who really want to nurse, trouble for physicians and administrators who can't get the help they need and, most of all, trouble for patients, who often cannot get timely medicines and competent ministrations without hiring a private-duty nurse. And even then competence is far from assured.
Many nursing leaders and educators seem intent on abandoning a badly needed profession in the search for a new category of health-care professional that no one has asked for and hardly anyone needs. They have not merely neglected and downgraded classical, basic nursing; they have also sought to restrict entry into the profession by raising the standards of accreditation of schools of nursing and of licensure of individuals in many instances beyond what is necessary for the basic skills that are in such short supply.
Pulmonary Embolism in a 14-Year-Old Following an Elective Abortion
Authors: Nudelman Robert , Best Lincoln , Tharp Susan 
Published: December 2021

In the United States 300,000 or more adolescent pregnancies are terminated annually by legal abortions.1,2 Pulmonary embolism is an infrequent, yet known, complication of this procedure.3 To increase the awareness of this potential problem in pediatrics, we report the case of a 14-year-old girl with radiologically documented pulmonary embolism associated with a prior elective abortion.
CASE REPORT
A black 14-year-old gravida 2, para 1, abortus 1 was seen at the emergency room of another hospital with a four-day history of increasing left-sided pleuritic chest pain. During the first two days of her illness, the patient also complained of shaking chills and fever.
Burn Hazard of Isopropyl Alcohol in the Neonate
Authors: Schick James B. , Milstein Jay M. 
Published: December 2021

Isopropyl alcohol is a commonly used disinfectant. In the hospital setting, alcohol pledgets have occasionally been substituted for conducting electrode paste beneath limb electrodes. To our knowledge, there are no reports of complications of this or any other use of isopropyl alcohol in the nursery. We report two cases of second-and third-degree burns in premature infants.
CASE REPORTS
Case 1
A 756-gm female infant of 27 weeks' gestation was born vaginally to a 22-year-old primigravida following 36 hours of bleeding. Apgar scores were 2 and 6 at one and five minutes, respectively. Initially, the infant required vigorous resuscitation, followed by gradual clinical deterioration on day 1, including increasing hypotension, ventilator dependency, and intraventricular hemorrhage.
Stretching a Minute
Authors: Ross Maurice 
Published: December 2021

article by Reisinger and Bires entitled "Anticipatory Guidance in Pediatric Practice"1 and Hoekelman's commmentary, "Got a Minute,"2 in the December 1980 issue of Pediatrics offer a challenge to the practi perician.
The real issue may be whether or not time at a specific visit is an appropriate parameter for measuring anticipatory guidance. Does every patient require anticipatory guidance at every visit? Perhaps one should consider well-child visits as rituals that afford pediatricians an opportunity to assess the need for anticipatory guidance and offer it when indicated.
There are numerous methods of rapidly assessing patients' needs. These include measurements of height, weight, and head circumference plotted on growth charts; health questionnaires that include review of systems, emotional problems, and school performance; and developmental lag check lists such as the Denver Prescreening Developmental Questionnaires.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Korsch Barbara 
Published: December 2021

The observations and conclusions of Schaff and Hoekelman are consistent with our own findings based on a systematic study of four internship years. We are glad to see others interested in the process and quality of the educational experience, although their emphasis primarily on scheduling and workload is slightly different from ours.
We also are pursuing ways of reducing the multiple stresses in the training program. However, many of these stresses are unavoidable, not only during the training period, but also in the subsequent clinical practice of pediatrics.