bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy and risk of food allergy in young Japanese children
Authors: Tanaka Keiko , Okubo Hitomi , Sasaki Satoshi , Arakawa Masashi , Miyake Yoshihiro 
Published: January 2021

AimTo examine the association between maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy and the development of food allergy in young Japanese children up to 3 years of age.MethodsThe study involved 1522 mother–child pairs. Data on maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy were assessed with a validated diet history questionnaire. Food allergy was defined by a self‐reported claim of having a physicians' diagnosis of food allergy or of having an acute reaction to a food.ResultsCompared with the lowest tertile of maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy, the second tertile, but not the highest tertile, was significantly associated with an increased risk of food allergy. Further adjustment on suspicion or diagnosis of atopic eczema at around 4 months postpartum in a follow‐up survey did not substantially change the association between maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy and the risk of food allergy in children: further adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the second (T2), the highest tertiles (T3) and the second and the highest tertiles combined (T2 + T3) were 1.46 (1.10–1.96), 1.16 (0.85–1.56) and 1.31 (1.01–1.70), respectively.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy may be positively associated with the risk of food allergy in children.
Partial substitution of whole‐crop corn with bamboo shoot shell improves aerobic stability of total mixed ration silage without affecting in vitro digestibility
Authors: Zhao Jie , Wang Siran , Dong Zhihao , Chen Lei , Shao Tao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTo evaluate the feasibility of bamboo shoot shell (BSS) application in total mixed ration silage (TMR) production, the effects of BSS substitution for whole‐crop corn on the fermentation characteristics, nutritive value, aerobic stability and in vitro parameters of TMR silage were studied. Four TMR formulations were designed based on dry matter: (1) 0% bamboo shoot shell + 23% whole‐crop corn (BSS0); (2) 4% bamboo shoot shell + 19% whole‐crop corn (BSS4); (3) 8% bamboo shoot shell + 15% whole‐crop corn (BSS8); and (4) 12% bamboo shoot shell + 11% whole‐crop corn (BSS12). After 90 days of ensiling, the silos were opened and sampled for fermentation characteristics, nutritive value and in vitro analyses, and subsequent 14‐day aerobic stability test. All TMR silages were well preserved except BSS12, characterized by high lactic acid content and V‐score, low pH and NH3‐N and butyric acid content. With increasing proportion of BSS, crude protein increased (p<.05), and water soluble carbohydrate decreased (p< .05). Under aerobic exposure, BSS‐substituted (BSS4, BSS8and BSS12) silages were more stable than BSS0silage, as characterized by relatively low silage temperature and high water soluble carbohydrate content. No obvious (p> .05) difference of BSS substitution was observed on in vitro ruminal gas production, digestibility, metabolizable energy and net energy for lactation. The substitution of whole‐crop corn with 4% BSS and 8% BSS had no undesired effect on the fermentation characteristics and in vitro digestibility, and efficiently improving the aerobic stability of TMR silages. The BSS8substitution level is recommended to maximize the BSS utilization.
Population dynamics, growth, production, and reproduction of the purple clam Amiantispurpurata
Authors: Livore Juan P. , Arrighetti Florencia , Penchaszadeh Pablo E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAmiantis purpurata is the dominant clam of shallow subtidal soft bottom communities in Buenos Aires province where it is a major prey item of economically important fish and gastropods as well as anemones. Despite its significant role in the benthic food web, there are few studies dealing with the population biology of this species. Growth, age, mortality, and production along with reproductive patterns and size at first maturity of A. purpurata were investigated at Mar del Plata (38 ºS) area and compared with a population at the southernmost point of distribution, the only other studied population (42 ºS). Early growth was empirically documented for the first time for this species by following a newly recruited cohort throughout the first two years of growth. This allowed for the size and age at first maturity to be accurately determined and provided early growth data for models, which are often difficult to obtain. Larger asymptotic size and quicker rates were reached at lower latitudes. Reproduction followed patterns similar to other temperate venerid bivalve populations with a more extended period of spawning observed at Mar del Plata. The studied population shows relatively high growth rates, achieves sexual maturity at approximately two years of age, and successfully recruits in this area, which was not observed in the other studied population for over 15 years. The environmental conditions in this area are likely more favorable than that of the southernmost population which shows low growth rates and no successful recruitment.
Genetic population structure constrains local adaptation in sticklebacks
Authors: Kemppainen Petri , Li Zitong , Rastas Pasi , Löytynoja Ari , Fang Bohao , Yang Jing , Guo Baocheng , Shikano Takahito , Merilä Juha 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRepeated and independent adaptation to specific environmental conditions from standing genetic variation is common. However, if genetic variation is limited, the evolution of similar locally adapted traits may be restricted to genetically different and potentially less optimal solutions or prevented from happening altogether. Using a quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping approach, we identified the genomic regions responsible for the repeated pelvic reduction (PR) in three crosses between nine‐spined stickleback populations expressing full and reduced pelvic structures. In one cross, PR mapped to linkage group 7 (LG7) containing the genePitx1, known to control pelvic reduction also in the three‐spined stickleback. In the two other crosses, PR was polygenic and attributed to 10 novel QTL, of which 90% were unique to specific crosses. When screening the genomes from 27 different populations for deletions in thePitx1regulatory element, these were only found in the population in which PR mapped to LG7, even though the morphological data indicated large‐effect QTL for PR in several other populations as well. Consistent with the available theory and simulations parameterized on empirical data, we hypothesize that the observed variability in genetic architecture of PR is due to heterogeneity in the spatial distribution of standing genetic variation caused by >2× stronger population structuring among freshwater populations and >10× stronger genetic isolation by distance in the sea in nine‐spined sticklebacks as compared to three‐spined sticklebacks.
A multicenter study of anorectal pressures and rectal sensation measured with portable manometry in healthy women and men
Authors: Sharma Mayank , Lowry Ann C. , Rao Satish S. , Whitehead William E. , Szarka Lawrence A. , Hamilton Frank A. , Bharucha Adil E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe equipment and methods for performing anorectal manometry and biofeedback therapy are different and not standardized. Normal values are influenced by age and sex. Our aims were to generate reference values, examine effects of gender and age, and compare anorectal pressures measured with diagnostic and biofeedback catheters and a portable manometry system.MethodsIn this multicenter study, anorectal pressures at rest, during squeeze, and evacuation were measured with diagnostic and biofeedback catheters using Mcompass™ portable device in healthy subjects. Balloon expulsion time and rectal sensation were evaluated. The effects of age and gender were assessed.ResultsThe final dataset comprised 108 (74 women) of 124 participants with normal rectal balloon expulsion time (less than 60 s). During squeeze, anal resting pressure increased by approximately twofold in women and threefold in men. During evacuation, anal pressure exceeded rectal pressure in 87 participants (diagnostic catheter). The specific rectoanal pressures (e.g., resting pressure) were significantly correlated and not different between diagnostic and biofeedback catheters. With the diagnostic catheter, the anal squeeze pressure and rectal pressure during evacuation were greater in men than women (p ≤ 0.02). Among women, women aged 50 years and older had lower anal resting pressure; rectal pressure and the rectoanal gradient during evacuation were greater in older than younger women (p ≤ 0.01).ConclusionsAnal and rectal pressures measured with diagnostic and biofeedback manometry catheters were correlated and not significantly different. Pressures were influenced by age and sex, providing reference values in men and women.
FIT and bHLH Ib transcription factors modulate iron and copper crosstalk in Arabidopsis
Authors: Cai Yuerong , Li Yang , Liang Gang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAlthough the crosstalk between iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) homeostasis signalling networks exists in plants, the underlined molecular mechanism remains unclear. FIT (FER‐LIKE IRON DEFICIENCY‐INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR) and four bHLH Ib members (bHLH38, bHLH39, bHLH100 and bHLH101) are the key regulators of Fe homeostasis. Here, we reveal that FIT and bHLH Ib control the up‐regulation of Cu‐uptake genes (COPT2, FRO4 and FRO5) by Fe deficiency, and Cu is required for improving plant growth under Fe‐deficiency conditions. The induction of Cu‐uptake gene expression and the elevation of Cu concentration are inhibited in the fit‐2 or bhlh4x (the quadruple mutant of four bHLH Ib genes) under Fe‐deficiency conditions. The dual overexpression of both bHLH38 (or bHLH39) and FIT activates the expression of COPT2, FRO4 and FRO5 and increases Cu accumulation. Furthermore, bHLH Ib proteins directly bind to the promoters of COPT2, FRO4 and FRO5. Either Cu supplement or overexpression of COPT2 or FRO4 improves the growth of fit‐2 under Fe‐deficiency conditions. Moreover, the induction of COPT2, FRO4 and FRO5 by Fe deficiency is independent of SPL7, a central regulator of Cu‐deficiency responses. This work through the link between bHLH Ib/FIT and COPT2/FRO4/FRO5 under Fe‐deficiency conditions establishes a new relationship between Cu and Fe homeostasis.
Political philosophy beyond methodological nationalism
Authors: Sager Alex 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInterdisciplinary work on the nature of borders and society has enriched and complicated our understanding of democracy, community, distributive justice, and migration. It reveals the cognitive bias of methodological nationalism, which has distorted normative political thought on these topics, uncritically and often unconsciously adapting and reifying state‐centered conceptions of territory, space, and community. Under methodological nationalism, state territories demarcate the boundaries of the political; society is conceived as composed of immobile, culturally homogenous citizens, each belonging to one and only one state; and the distribution of goods is analyzed according to a stark opposition between the domestic and the international. This article describes how methodological nationalism has shaped central debates in political philosophy and introduces recent work that helps dispel this bias.
Acquaintance
Authors: Duncan Matt 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTo be acquainted with something (in the philosophical sense of “acquainted” discussed here) is to be directly aware of it. The idea that we are acquainted with certain things we experience has been discussed throughout the history of Western Philosophy, but in the early 20th century it gained especially focused attention among analytic philosophers who drew their inspiration from Bertrand Russell's work on acquaintance. Since then, many philosophers—particularly those working on self‐knowledge or perception—have used the notion of acquaintance to explain various facts about human experience and knowledge. In this paper, I offer an overview of this work, with particular focus on the resurgent literature on acquaintance in contemporary analytic philosophy. After more fully explaining what acquaintance is (or is supposed to be), I describe some reasons for thinking that we are indeed acquainted with certain things we experience, and then I survey some of the facts about experience and knowledge that acquaintance may help explain.
How (not) to Read Wittgenstein: McNally on Wittgenstein on Love
Authors: Lin Francis Y. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThomas McNally’s “More than a feeling: Wittgenstein and William James on love and other emotions” is one of the very few studies on Wittgenstein on love. McNally claims that Wittgenstein does not have a unified account of emotions. In his opinion, Wittgenstein’s criterial view applies to simple emotions and simple kinds of love, but not to deep kinds of love. In this paper, I show that McNally’s interpretation contains a number of misunderstandings of Wittgenstein’s criterial view and his treatment of emotions and of love. I offer an alternative interpretation, which corrects these misunderstandings. I show that Wittgenstein’s criterial view is applicable to all mental phenomena, including all kinds of love.
On anti‐abortion violence
Authors: Williams Jeremy 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAnti‐abortion violence (‘AAV’) is anathema to almost everyone, on all sides of the abortion debate. Yet, as this article aims to show, it is far more difficult than has previously been recognised to avoid the deeply unpalatable conclusion that it can sometimes be justified. Some of the most frequently‐occupied positions on the morality of abortion will imply precisely that conclusion, I argue, unless conjoined with an especially stringent and unattractive form of pacifism. This is true not only of strict anti‐abortion views, but also, more surprisingly, of some of the most familiar and influential moderate defences of abortion rights. The latter conclusion raises the question, which further work will be required to fully resolve, of what our account of abortion ethics and prenatal moral status must be if it is to enable reconciliation of the common‐sense rejections of both pacifism and AAV. I end with reasons to expect that the path to an account that satisfies this demand, without generating further significant intuitive problems, will be far from straightforward.
Melatonin improves the seed filling rate and endogenous hormonal mechanism in grains of summer maize
Authors: Ahmad Shakeel , Kamran Muhammad , Zhou Xunbo , Ahmad Irshad , Meng Xiangping , Javed Tehseen , Iqbal Anas , Wang Guoyun , Su Wennan , Wu Xiaorong , Ahmad Parvaiz , Han Qingfang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe unpredictable precipitation and water deficit conditions in semiarid regions significantly reduce the yield of summer maize. The exogenous application of plant growth regulators can be used as a strategy to enhance plant stress tolerance and improve the growth and yield of maize under semiarid conditions. Here, we studied the protective role of melatonin application on maize yield using grain filling rate and hormonal crosstalk in maize grains. In the first field experiment, seeds were soaked with melatonin at a concentration of 0 (SM0), 25 (SM1), 50 (SM2), and 75 μM (SM3) μM. In contrast, in the second experiment, melatonin was applied on the foliage at the ninth leaf stage at a concentration of 0 (FM0), 25 (FM1), 50 (FM2), and 75 (FM3) μM. Our findings showed that melatonin treatments as seed soaking significantly increased single seed weight, seed filling rate in superior, medium and inferior seeds by regulating the hormone levels compared to foliar application. Application of melatonin significantly increased the zeatin+zeatin riboside (Z+ZR), indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA), and gibberellic acid (GA) contents. However, it significantly inhibited the contents of abscisic acid (ABA) during the seed filling period. The content of Z+ZR, IAA, and GA was positively correlated with the maximum seed filling rate, seed weight, and mean filling rate in middle, superior and lower seeds, while the ABA was negatively correlated. The ABA content in inferior seeds was positively correlated with the maximum and mean seed filling rate. In semiarid regions, melatonin treatment of SM2 and FM2 significantly increased the dry matter per plant, 100‐grain weight, seed filling rate, IAA, Z+ZR, GA contents, ear characteristics, and maize yield.
Melatonin alleviates drought impact on growth and essential oil yield of lemon verbena by enhancing antioxidant responses, mineral balance, and abscisic acid content
Authors: Hosseini Marjan Sadat , Samsampour Davood , Zahedi Seyed Morteza , Zamanian Kazem , Rahman Md. Mezanur , Mostofa Mohammad Golam , Tran Lam‐Son Phan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMelatonin has recently emerged as a multifunctional biomolecule with promising aspects in plant stress tolerance. The present study examined the effects of foliar‐sprayed melatonin (0, 100, and 200 μM) on growth and essential oil yield attributes of lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora) under water‐shortage (mild, moderate and severe). Results revealed that melatonin minimized drought effects on lemon verbena, resulting in improved growth and essential oils yield. Drought impositions gradually and significantly reduced several growth parameters, such as plant height and biomass, whereas melatonin application revived the growth performance of lemon verbena. Melatonin protected the photosynthetic pigments and helped maintain the mineral balance at all levels of drought. Melatonin stimulated the accumulation of proline, soluble sugars and abscisic acid, which were positively correlated with a better preservation of leaf water status in drought‐stressed plants. Melatonin also prevented oxidative damages by enhancing the superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and catalase activities. Furthermore, increased levels of total phenolic compounds, chicoric acid, caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid, as well as ascorbate and total antioxidant capacity in melatonin‐sprayed drought‐stressed plants indicated that melatonin helped verbena plants to sustain antioxidant and medicinal properties during drought. Finally, melatonin treatments upheld the concentrations and yield of essential oils in the leaves of lemon verbena regardless of drought severities. These results provided new insights into melatonin‐mediated drought tolerance in lemon verbena, and this strategy could be implemented for the successful cultivation of lemon verbena, and perhaps other medicinal plants, in drought‐prone areas worldwide.
Unemployment effects of trade with a low‐wage country: A minimum‐wage model with sector‐specific factors
Authors: Brecher Richard A. , Yu Zhihao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractContrary to conventional wisdom, this paper shows that a high‐wage economy can paradoxically reduce its level of aggregate unemployment by engaging in international trade with a low‐wage country. We demonstrate this possibility after introducing a minimum wage into the basic specific‐factor model (with immobile capital and mobile labor), even though the opposite result is known to arise in the longer‐run framework of the standard Heckscher–Ohlin–Samuelson model (with both inputs mobile). Our result provides a cautionary note for public‐policy discussions that promote trade barriers as a way to reduce unemployment.
Al(NO3)3 Induced Morphological Changes in Nickel and Cobalt Salts as Advanced Electrodes for Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Yong , Yang Jing , Mei Han-xin , Gao Hai-li , Jia Xiao-dong , Luo He-wei , Yan Ji , Cao Yang , Zhang Ai-qin , Gao Ke-zheng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
As one of the important components of the supercapacitor, electrode material has a significant influence on the electrochemical performance of the device. In this study, Ni2(NO3)2(OH)2 · 2H2O/(Co(NH3)5(N3))(N3)2 (NC) composite material was prepared by the microwave-assisted method. The effects of Al(NO3)3 contents on the morphology and structure of the composites were studied by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectrum, and laser particle size distribution analyzer. The capacitive properties of the composite were analyzed by cyclic voltammetry, constant current charge and discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. The results show that the Al(NO3)3 has a significant effect on the morphology and capacitance of NC. When the contents of Al(NO3)3 are 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt%, the discharge capacities of NC, NCA-5, NCA-10, NCA-15, and NCA-20 samples obtained under 1 A/g current density are 1674, 1759, 2645, 1098, and 1321 F/g, respectively. At higher current densities of 4, 7, and 10 A/g, the discharge specific capacities reached 1350, 1064, and 894 F/g, indicating that the NCA-10 composite is a promising electrode material for supercapacitors.
Electric-Drive Vehicle Power Electronics Thermal Management: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Directions
Authors: Moreno Gilberto , Narumanchi Sreekant , Feng Xuhui , Anschel Paul , Myers Steve , Keller Phil 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Effective thermal management of traction-drive power electronics is critical to the advancement of electric-drive vehicles (EDVs) and is necessary for increasing power density and improving reliability. Replacing traditional silicon devices with more efficient, higher temperature, higher voltage, and higher frequency wide-bandgap (WBG) devices will enable increased power density but will result in higher device heat fluxes. Compact packaging of high-temperature WBG devices near low-temperature-rated components creates thermal management challenges that need to be addressed for future power-dense systems. This paper summarizes the thermal performance of on-road automotive power electronics thermal management systems and provides thermal performance metrics for select vehicles. Thermal analyses reveal that the package resistance dominates the total thermal resistance (for existing automotive systems). Advanced packaging concepts were modeled and the results were compared with existing packaging designs to quantify their thermal performance enhancements. Double-side (DS)-cooled configurations that do not use thermal interface materials (TIMs) are package concepts predicted to provide a low junction-to-fluid thermal resistance (compared to current packages). Dielectric-fluid-cooled concepts enable a redesign of the package to reduce the package resistance, can be implemented in single- and two-phase cooling approaches, and allow for cooling of passive components (e.g., capacitors) and bus bars.
Numerical Study on the Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing
Authors: Yang Xue , Wang Shuobang , Yin Zhifu , Wang Jili , Hu Wei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractElectrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing is an alternative method to fabricate high-resolution micro- and nanostructures with high efficiency, low cost, and low pollution. Numerical simulation is an effective approach to systematically investigate the formation process of EHD jet. However, there are a few articles performing this work. In this study, a finite element model was established. The jet formation process and jetting modes were analyzed. The influence of applied voltage and printing distance on the maximum electric field near the nozzle tip was investigated. The effect of flow rate on the jet diameters was studied. Comparison between numerical and experimental results demonstrated that the proposed simulation model had a high potential for EHD jet analysis. According to the optimized printing conditions (printing distance of 200–300 μm, applied voltage of ∼1100 V, and flow rate of 0.1–0.3 ml/h), stable EHD jet can generate and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) lines with minimum line-width of 0.9 μm can be printed onto the glass slide.