bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The risk and protective factors for suicidal burden among 251 763 school-based adolescents in 77 low- and middle-income to high-income countries: assessing global, regional and national variations
Authors: Mahumud Rashidul Alam , Dawson Angela J. , Chen Wen , Biswas Tuhin , Keramat Syed Afroz , Morton Rachael Lisa , Renzaho Andre M.N. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundAdolescent suicide is a global public health concern and the second leading cause of adolescent death worldwide. This study aimed to estimate the burden of adolescent suicidal behaviours and its association with violence and unintentional injury, psychosocial, protective, lifestyle and food security-related factors amongst school-based adolescents across 77 countries in the six World Health Organization (WHO) regions.MethodsThis study comprised a sample of 251 763 adolescents drawn from the latest Global School-based Student Health Survey of school-based adolescents, aged 11–17 years, across 77 countries. Logistic regression analyses were employed to estimate the adjusted effect of independent factors on adolescent suicidal behaviours.ResultsThe population-weighted 12-month prevalence of suicidal ideation (SI), suicidal planning (SP) and suicidal attempts (SA) amongst school-based adolescents was 18, 18 and 16%, respectively. Adolescent suicidal behaviours (i.e. SI, SP and SA) were respectively associated with being physically attacked, physical fighting, high levels of anxiety, feeling lonely, being bullied, lack of parental support, poor peer support, not having close friends and high levels of sedentary behaviours. Overall, these associations also extended to the context of food insecurity across regions and country income groups, where the magnitude of association slightly varied from odds ratios of 1.25 times to 3.13.ConclusionsThe burden of school-going adolescent suicidal thoughts, suicide planning and suicide attempts is of particular concern in low-resource countries. Comprehensive suicide prevention programmes for school-going adolescents in LMICs are needed that address socio-cultural inequities related to violence and unintentional injury, social support and psychological factors, protective, and lifestyle-related factors.
ADVANCING THE STATE OF THE ART IN L2 SPEECH PERCEPTION-PRODUCTION RESEARCH: REVISITING THEORETICAL ASSUMPTIONS AND METHODOLOGICAL PRACTICES
Authors: Nagle Charles L. , Baese-Berk Melissa M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOne of the basic goals of second language (L2) speech research is to understand the perception-production link, or the relationship between L2 speech perception and L2 speech production. Although many studies have examined the link, they have done so with strikingly different conceptual foci and methods. Even studies that appear to use similar perception and production tasks often present nontrivial differences in task characteristics and implementation. This conceptual and methodological variation makes meaningful synthesis of perception-production findings difficult, and it also complicates the process of developing new perception-production models that specifically address how the link changes throughout L2 learning. In this study, we scrutinize theoretical and methodological issues in perception-production research and offer recommendations for advancing theory and practice in this domain. We focus on L2 sound learning because most work in the area has focused on segmental contrasts.
EULER CLASSES: SIX-FUNCTORS FORMALISM, DUALITIES, INTEGRALITY AND LINEAR SUBSPACES OF COMPLETE INTERSECTIONS
Authors: Bachmann Tom , Wickelgren Kirsten 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe equate various Euler classes of algebraic vector bundles, including those of [12] and one suggested by M. J. Hopkins, A. Raksit, and J.-P. Serre. We establish integrality results for this Euler class and give formulas for local indices at isolated zeros, both in terms of the six-functors formalism of coherent sheaves and as an explicit recipe in the commutative algebra of Scheja and Storch. As an application, we compute the Euler classes enriched in bilinear forms associated to arithmetic counts ofd-planes on complete intersections in$\mathbb P^n$in terms of topological Euler numbers over$\mathbb {R}$and$\mathbb {C}$.
Western U.S. Superfloods in the Recent Instrumental Record
Authors: Tarouilly Emilie , Li Dongyue , Lettenmaier Dennis P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe examine the characteristics of extremely severe and extensive floods across the Western U.S., which we term superfloods. We develop a system to score each day from 1950 to 2010, across the conterminous U.S. west of the Continental Divide, according to the severity of flooding and the extent of the area affected on that day. In order to augment the available stream gauge data, we incorporate model output runoff from the Variable Infiltration Capacity model aggregated to the HUC‐8 basin level. The superfloods we identify include well‐known events such as the Christmas floods of December 1964. Once the superfloods are identified, we use modeled snow water equivalent and snowmelt in combination with gridded observed precipitation and air temperature to identify superflood drivers. We find that the superfloods fall into three distinct categories: (a) winter events, most of which are associated with Atmospheric Rivers, many enhanced by rain‐on‐snow; (b) late spring floods associated with snowmelt, including some events with rainfall contributions; and (c) rainfall‐driven warm season floods associated with tropical storms (primarily in the Southwest). We find that rainfall is often the primary driver of superfloods, although snowmelt also contributes in rain‐snow transition zones. Regardless of superflood characteristics, extreme conditions in combination are a common feature, including combinations of rainfall and snowmelt as well as successive rainstorms. Our results provide a regional view of flood drivers and how they have combined to produce superfloods across the region over our 61‐year study period.
Evaluating the deHoffmann‐Teller Cross‐Shock Potential at Real Collisionless Shocks
Authors: Schwartz Steven J. , Ergun Robert , Kucharek Harald , Wilson Lynn , Chen Li‐Jen , Goodrich Katherine , Turner Drew , Gingell Imogen , Madanian Hadi , Gershman Daniel , Strangeway Robert 
Published: July 2021

AbstractShock waves are common in the heliosphere and beyond. The collisionless nature of most astrophysical plasmas allows for the energy processed by shocks to be partitioned amongst particle sub‐populations and electromagnetic fields via physical mechanisms that are not well understood. The electrostatic potential across such shocks is frame dependent. In a frame where the incident bulk velocity is parallel to the magnetic field, the deHoffmann‐Teller frame, the potential is linked directly to the ambipolar electric field established by the electron pressure gradient. Thus measuring and understanding this potential solves the electron partition problem, and gives insight into other competing shock processes. Integrating measured electric fields in space is problematic since the measurements can have offsets that change with plasma conditions. The offsets, once integrated, can be as large or larger than the shock potential. Here we exploit the high‐quality field and plasma measurements from NASA's Magnetospheric Multiscale mission to attempt this calculation. We investigate recent adaptations of the deHoffmann‐Teller frame transformation to include time variability, and conclude that in practice these face difficulties inherent in the 3D time‐dependent nature of real shocks by comparison to 1D simulations. Potential estimates based on electron fluid and kinetic analyses provide the most robust measures of the deHoffmann‐Teller potential, but with some care direct integration of the electric fields can be made to agree. These results suggest that it will be difficult to independently assess the role of other processes, such as scattering by shock turbulence, in accounting for the electron heating.
A Globally Averaged Thermospheric Density Data Set Derived From Two‐Line Orbital Element Sets and Special Perturbations State Vectors
Authors: Emmert J. T. , Dhadly M. S. , Segerman A. M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe describe a long‐term data set of global average thermospheric mass density derived from orbit data on ∼7,700 objects in low Earth orbit, via the effect of atmospheric drag. The data cover the years 1967–2019 and altitudes 250–575 km, and the temporal resolution is 3–4 days for most years. The data set is an extension and revision of a previous version. The most important change is the use of more precise orbit data: special perturbation state vectors are now used starting in 2001, instead of mean Keplerian orbital elements. The data are suitable for climatological studies of thermospheric variations and trends, and for space weather studies on time scales longer than 3 days.
Chondroitin 6-sulphate is required for neuroplasticity and memory in ageing
Authors: Yang Sujeong , Gigout Sylvain , Molinaro Angelo , Naito-Matsui Yuko , Hilton Sam , Foscarin Simona , Nieuwenhuis Bart , Tan Chin Lik , Verhaagen Joost , Pizzorusso Tommaso , Saksida Lisa M. , Bussey Timothy M. , Kitagawa Hiroshi , Kwok Jessica C. F. , Fawcett James W. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPerineuronal nets (PNNs) are chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan-containing structures on the neuronal surface that have been implicated in the control of neuroplasticity and memory. Age-related reduction of chondroitin 6-sulphates (C6S) leads to PNNs becoming more inhibitory. Here, we investigated whether manipulation of the chondroitin sulphate (CS) composition of the PNNs could restore neuroplasticity and alleviate memory deficits in aged mice. We first confirmed that aged mice (20-months) showed memory and plasticity deficits. They were able to retain or regain their cognitive ability when CSs were digested or PNNs were attenuated. We then explored the role of C6S in memory and neuroplasticity. Transgenic deletion of chondroitin 6-sulfotransferase (chst3) led to a reduction of permissive C6S, simulating aged brains. These animals showed very early memory loss at 11 weeks old. Importantly, restoring C6S levels in aged animals rescued the memory deficits and restored cortical long-term potentiation, suggesting a strategy to improve age-related memory impairment.
Long non-coding RNA MIR200CHG promotes breast cancer proliferation, invasion, and drug resistance by interacting with and stabilizing YB-1
Authors: Tang Li , Wei Da , Xu Xinyu , Mao Xuelian , Mo Dongping , Yan Linping , Xu Weiguo , Yan Feng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) have been identified as key regulators of tumorigenesis and development. We aim to explore the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of lncRNA MIR200CHG in breast cancer. We found that MIR200CHG is highly expressed in breast cancer tissues and is related to the tumor size and histopathological grade. In vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed that MIR200CHG can promote breast cancer proliferation, invasion, and drug resistance. MIR200CHG directly binds to the transcription factor Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1), and inhibits its ubiquitination and degradation. MIR200CHG regulates YB-1 phosphorylation at serine 102, thereby affecting the expression of genes related to tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and drug resistance. Additionally, MIR200CHG partially affects the expression of miR-200c/141-3p encoded by its intron region. Therefore, MIR200CHG can promote the proliferation, invasion, and drug resistance of breast cancer by interacting with and stabilizing YB-1, and has the potential to become a target for breast cancer treatment.
Three-dimensional acetylenic modified graphene for high-performance optoelectronics and topological materials
Authors: Gao Yan , Zhong Chengyong , Yang Shengyuan A. , Liu Kai , Lu Zhong-Yi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSeeking carbon phases with versatile properties is one of the fundamental goals in physics, chemistry, and materials science. Here, based on the first-principles calculations, a family of three-dimensional (3D) graphene networks with abundant and fabulous electronic properties, including rarely reported dipole-allowed truly direct band gap semiconductors with suitable band gaps (1.07–1.87 eV) as optoelectronic/photovoltaic materials and topological nodal-ring semimetals, are proposed through stitching different graphene layers with acetylenic linkages. Remarkably, the optical absorption coefficients in some of those semiconducting carbon allotropes express possibly the highest performance among all of the semiconducting carbon phases known to date. On the other hand, the topological states in those topological nodal-ring semimetals are protected by the time-reversal and spatial symmetry and present nodal rings and nodal helical loops topological patterns. Those newly revealed carbon phases possess low formation energies and excellent thermodynamic stabilities; thus, they not only host a great potential in the application of optoelectronics, photovoltaics, and quantum topological materials etc., but also can be utilized as catalysis, molecule sieves or Li-ion anode materials and so on. Moreover, the approach used here to design novel carbon allotropes may also give more enlightenments to create various carbon phases with different applications.
Two-qubit sweet spots for capacitively coupled exchange-only spin qubits
Authors: Feng MengKe , Zaw Lin Htoo , Koh Teck Seng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe implementation of high fidelity two-qubit gates is a bottleneck in the progress toward universal quantum computation in semiconductor quantum dot qubits. We study capacitive coupling between two triple quantum dot spin qubits encoded in the S = 1/2, Sz = −1/2 decoherence-free subspace—the exchange-only (EO) spin qubits. We report exact gate sequences for CPHASE and CNOT gates, and demonstrate theoretically, the existence of multiple two-qubit sweet spots (2QSS) in the parameter space of capacitively coupled EO qubits. Gate operations have the advantage of being all-electrical, but charge noise that couple to electrical parameters of the qubits cause decoherence. Assuming noise with a 1/f spectrum, two-qubit gate fidelities and times are calculated, which provide useful information on the noise threshold necessary for fault-tolerance. We study two-qubit gates at single and multiple parameter 2QSS. In particular, for two existing EO implementations—the resonant exchange (RX) and the always-on exchange-only (AEON) qubits—we compare two-qubit gate fidelities and times at positions in parameter space where the 2QSS are simultaneously single-qubit sweet spots (1QSS) for the RX and AEON. These results provide a potential route to the realization of high fidelity quantum computation.
A global dataset of inland fisheries expert knowledge
Authors: Stokes Gretchen L. , Lynch Abigail J. , Funge-Smith Simon , Valbo‐Jørgensen John , Beard T. Douglas , Lowe Benjamin S. , Wong Jesse P. , Smidt Samuel J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInland fisheries and their freshwater habitats face intensifying effects from multiple natural and anthropogenic pressures. Fish harvest and biodiversity data remain largely disparate and severely deficient in many areas, which makes assessing and managing inland fisheries difficult. Expert knowledge is increasingly used to improve and inform biological or vulnerability assessments, especially in data-poor areas. Integrating expert knowledge on the distribution, intensity, and relative influence of human activities can guide natural resource management strategies and institutional resource allocation and prioritization. This paper introduces a dataset summarizing the expert-perceived state of inland fisheries at the basin (fishery) level. An electronic survey distributed to professional networks (June-September 2020) captured expert perceptions (n = 536) of threats, successes, and adaptive capacity to fisheries across 93 hydrological basins, 79 countries, and all major freshwater habitat types. This dataset can be used to address research questions with conservation relevance, including: demographic influences on perceptions of threat, adaptive capacities for climate change, external factors driving multi-stressor interactions, and geospatial threat assessments.
A comprehensive meta-analysis and a case–control study give insights into genetic susceptibility of lung cancer and subgroups
Authors: Sengupta Debmalya , Banerjee Souradeep , Mukhopadhyay Pramiti , Mitra Ritabrata , Chaudhuri Tamohan , Sarkar Abhijit , Bhattacharjee Gautam , Nath Somsubhra , Roychoudhury Susanta , Bhattacharjee Samsiddhi , Sengupta Mainak 
Published: July 2021

AbstractReports of genetic association of polymorphisms with lung cancer in the Indian subcontinent are often conflicting. To summarise and replicate published evidence for association with lung cancer and its subgroups. We performed a meta-analysis of candidate associations on lung cancer, its histological subtypes and smoking status in the Indian subcontinent following PRISMA guidelines. Multiple testing corrections were done by the Benjamini–Hochberg method through assessment of significance at a false discovery rate of 10%. We genotyped and investigated rs1048943/CYP1A1 in a case–control sample from eastern India, followed by its global meta-analysis using a similar protocol. Meta-analysis of 18 variants of 11 genes reported in 39 studies (7630 cases and 8169 controls) showed significant association of rs1048943/CYP1A1 [2.07(1.49–2.87)] and rs4646903/CYP1A1 [1.48(1.93–1.95)] with overall lung cancer risk at 10% FDR, while nominal association (p < 0.05) was observed for del1/GSTT1, del2/GSTM1, rs1695/GSTP1 and rs17037102/ DKK2. Subtype analysis showed a significant association of del1/GSTT1 with adenocarcinoma, rs4646903/CYP1A1 with squamous carcinoma, and rs1048943/CYP1A1 with both. Association of rs4646903/CYP1A1 in smokers and effect modification by meta-regression analysis was observed. Genotyping of rs1048943/CYP1A1 that presented significant heterogeneity (p < 0.1) revealed an association with adenocarcinoma among eastern Indian smokers, while a global meta-analysis in 10458 cases and 10871 controls showed association with lung cancer and its subgroups. This study identified the susceptibility loci for lung cancer and its covariate-subgroups.
Associations between the spatiotemporal distribution of Kawasaki disease and environmental factors: evidence supporting a multifactorial etiologic model
Authors: Low Tisiana , McCrindle Brian W. , Mueller Brigitte , Fan Chun-Po S. , Somerset Emily , O’Shea Sunita , Tsuji Leonard J. S. , Chen Hong , Manlhiot Cedric 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe etiology of Kawasaki Disease (KD), the most common cause of acquired heart disease in children in developed countries, remains elusive, but could be multifactorial in nature as suggested by the numerous environmental and infectious exposures that have previously been linked to its epidemiology. There is still a lack of a comprehensive model describing these complex associations. We present a Bayesian disease model that provides insight in the spatiotemporal distribution of KD in Canada from 2004 to 2017. The disease model including environmental factors had improved Watanabe-Akaike information criterion (WAIC) compared to the base model which included only spatiotemporal and demographic effects and had excellent performance in recapitulating the spatiotemporal distribution of KD in Canada (98% and 86% spatial and temporal correlations, respectively). The model suggests an association between the distribution of KD and population composition, weather-related factors, aeroallergen exposure, pollution, atmospheric concentration of spores and algae, and the incidence of healthcare encounters for bacterial pneumonia or viral intestinal infections. This model could be the basis of a hypothetical data-driven framework for the spatiotemporal distribution of KD. It also generates novel hypotheses about the etiology of KD, and provides a basis for the future development of a predictive and surveillance model.
Long-term outcomes of ranibizumab vs. aflibercept for neovascular age-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy
Authors: Jin Ki Won , Kim Jae Hui , Park Jun Young , Park Sang Jun , Park Kyu Hyung , Lee Joo Yong , Woo Se Joon 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo evaluate the long-term outcomes of ranibizumab (RBZ) vs. aflibercept (AFL) in treatment-naïve eyes with typical neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). This multicenter, retrospective, matched-cohort analysis was conducted on data up to 4 years of follow-ups. The primary outcome was the visual acuity (VA) change from baseline. The secondary outcomes included the number of injections, proportion of eyes without a yearly injection, and the number of eyes with treatment switching. Subgroup analyses were performed for typical nAMD and PCV. Typical nAMD was defined as nAMD other than PCV. We included VA-matched 215 eyes of 209 patients (131 and 84 eyes with RBZ and AFL, respectively). The crude mean VA changes from baseline were + 6.7 vs. + 2.6, + 2.1 vs. − 0.4, − 1.3 vs. − 1.8, and − 2.2 vs. − 5.0 letters in the RBZ and AFL groups, at 1, 2, 3, and 4 years, respectively (p > 0.05). The adjusted predicted VA by linear mixed model, proportion of eyes stratified by VA, and the survival curve for significant vision loss were comparable during the 4-year follow-up (p > 0.05). The mean number of injections were similar between the RBZ and AFL groups (2.9 vs. 3.0, respectively, p = 0.692). The subgroup analysis for typical nAMD and PCV showed similar results between the groups. The visual outcomes did not differ between RBZ and AFL during 4 years with comparable numbers of injections. Our study reflects the long-term, real-world clinical practice and treatment pattern of two treatments for typical nAMD and PCV.
Non-linear association of anthropometric measurements and pulmonary function
Authors: Zhang Rui-Heng , Zhou Jian-Bo , Cai Yao-Hua , Shu Lin-Ping , Yang Jinkui , Wei Wenbin , Lecube Albert 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study examined the association of anthropometric measurements [body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), percentage body fat (PBF), body roundness index (BRI) and A Body Shape Index (ABSI)] with pulmonary function using a United States national cohort. This cross-sectional study included 7346 participants. The association between anthropometric measurements and pulmonary function was assessed by multivariable linear regression. Where there was evidence of non-linearity, we applied a restricted cubic spline to explore the non-linear association. All analyses were weighted to represent the U.S. population and to account for the intricate survey design. After adjusting for age, race, education, smoking, and physical activity, both underweight and obesity were associated with reduced forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC). Furthermore, the associations between BMI and FEV1, as well as FVC, were reversed U-shape in both males and females. Similar non-linear association shape occurred in WC, PBF, BRI and ABSI. Conclusion: BMI, WC, PBF, BRI, ABSI are non-linearly associated with pulmonary function. Reduced pulmonary function is a risk factor for future all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events; thus, this nonlinearity may explain the U-shape or J-shape association of BMI with overall mortality and cardiovascular events.