bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Projected shifts in deadwood bryophyte communities under national climate and forestry scenarios benefit large competitors and impair small species
Authors: Löbel Swantje , Schröder Boris , Snäll Tord 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimClimate change and habitat loss are the main threats to forest biodiversity. Deadwood bryophyte communities are composed of species with different functional traits and are affected by these processes. Grouping species depending on their traits can help to anticipate community responses to global change, and to potential conservation actions.LocationNational scale of Sweden.TaxonDeadwood bryophyte species (15 liverworts and 8 mosses).MethodsGeneralized linear mixed‐effects models were applied to test for differences in projected relative changes in habitat suitability (matching species’ requirements) among species with contrasting traits under varying climate and forest scenarios during the years 2020–2100. Projections were based on ensembles of species distribution models (GLM, Poisson point‐process, MaxEnt), climate scenarios and national scenarios of forest management and conservation.ResultsShoot length was the best predictor of projected future changes in habitat suitability. Habitat suitabilities for small, short‐lived species will decline in a warmer and wetter macroclimate, whereas those for large, perennial species will increase. We expect stronger habitat suitability decreases for obligate than for facultative deadwood species. Increasing the proportion of set‐aside forests from 16% to 32%, and reducing the harvest levels in production forests, mitigated negative habitat trends of several sensitive species. However, the potential benefits of increased conservation were even larger for species with traits favoured by climate change, suggesting that these actions will also enhance the spread of these species.Main conclusionsClimate change is expected to lead to shifts in boreal bryophyte communities towards large, competitive species and to an overall decrease in diversity. High investment in conservation actions seems necessary to maintain diversity. This should include increasing the area of forest set aside beyond 16%, and reducing harvest levels in production forests. However, whilst these actions may prevent species extinctions, at least in the short term, changes in community structure seem inevitable.
Berberine as a promising natural compound for the treatment of periodontal disease: A focus on anti‐inflammatory properties
Authors: Mohammadian Haftcheshmeh Saeed , Momtazi‐Borojeni Amir Abbas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAccumulating evidence during the last two decades has addressed the potential anti‐inflammatory properties of berberine (BBR), a bioactive alkaloid compound isolated from Coptidis rhizoma, in controlling or treating several inflammatory diseases. Periodontitis is one of the most common chronic and serious inflammatory diseases, in which uncontrolled and unabated host immune responses against periodontopathic pathogens play critical and crucial roles in the disease pathogenesis. Hence, regulating inflammatory responses in periodontitis has a valuable approach and holds promise in treating periodontitis. For the first time, this paper reviews the evidence from in vitro and in vivo experimental models to explore the anti‐inflammatory effects of BBR in periodontitis and exhibits that BBR has the high potency to exert anti‐inflammatory effects by reducing expression and secretion of pro‐inflammatory mediators including TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐17, RANKL, MMP‐2, MMP‐9 and MCP‐1. The BBR‐mediated anti‐inflammatory actions could translate into the inhibition of the periodontal tissues and alveolar bone destruction and the control of the disease in vivo. As the second aim of this paper, we also paid attention to the therapeutic potential of BBR in treating human diseases regarding its anti‐inflammatory properties.
The skin redoxome
Authors: Schalka S. , Silva M.S. , Lopes L.F. , de Freitas L.M. , Baptista M.S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRedoxome is the network of redox reactions and redox active species (ReAS) that affect the homeostasis of cells and tissues. Due to the intense and constant interaction with external agents, the human skin has a robust redox signalling framework with specific pathways and magnitudes. The establishment of the skin redoxome concept is key to expanding knowledge of skin disorders and establishing better strategies for their prevention and treatment. This review starts with its definition and progress to propose how the master redox regulators are maintained and activated in the different conditions experienced by the skin and how the lack of redox regulation is involved in the accumulation of several oxidation end products that are correlated with various skin disorders.
Antibacterial treatment of lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) experimentally challenged withVibrio anguillarum, atypicalAeromonas salmonicidaandPasteurella atlantica
Authors: Kverme Karen O. , Kallekleiv Marielle , Larsen Kristina , Rønneseth Anita , Wergeland Heidrun I. , Samuelsen Ole B. , Haugland Gyri T. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLumpfish is a novel farmed species used as cleaner fish for the removal of lice from farmed salmon. As often with new, farmed species, there are challenges with bacterial infections. The frequency of prescription of antibiotic agents to lumpfish is increasing, despite the lack of knowledge about appropriate doses, duration of treatment and application protocols for the various antibacterial agents. In the current study, we have tested the effect of medicated feed with florfenicol (FFC), oxolinic acid (OA) and flumequine (FLU) on lumpfish experimentally challenged withVibrio anguillarum, atypicalAeromonas salmonicidaandPasteurella atlantica. We found that all three antibacterial agents efficiently treated lumpfish with vibriosis using 10 and 20 mg kg−1 day−1of FFC, 25 mg kg−1 day−1of OA and 25 mg kg−1 day−1FLU, whereas only FFC (20 mg kg−1 day−1) had good effect on lumpfish with pasteurellosis. None of the antibacterial agents were efficient to treat lumpfish with atypical furunculosis. FFC 20 mg kg−1 day−1showed promising results in the beginning of the experiment, but the mortality increased rapidly 14 days post‐medication. Efficient treatment is important for the welfare of lumpfish and for reducing the risk of development of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria. To our knowledge, this is the first study to establish protocols for antibacterial treatment of lumpfish.
Interaction between body weight status and spicy food consumption on the risk of rosacea: A multi‐central, hospital‐based, case‐control study
Authors: Wang Ben , Huang Xin , Zhao Zhixiang , Tang Yan , Xie Hongfu , Deng Zhili , Li Ji 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundNo researches about the interaction among the risk factors for rosacea were conducted. Some studies prompted obesity and spicy food may have some common pathways.AimsTo clarify the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and rosacea, and explore the interaction between BMI and spicy food consumption in rosacea.MethodsThis hospital‐based case‐control study enrolled 1347 rosacea patients and 1290 healthy subjects. The demographic data and clinical data were collected. The association between BMI and rosacea, and the relative excess risk due to interaction of BMI and spicy food consumption was calculated.ResultsNo interaction was found between underweight, overweight/obesity, and spicy food consumption with regard to the risk of rosacea, mild‐to‐moderate rosacea, papulopustular rosacea (PPR), or phymatous rosacea (PhR). And underweight and overweight/obesity were not significant associated with rosacea, mild‐to‐moderate rosacea, PPR, or PhR (p > 0.05). However, spicy food consumption was significantly interacted with underweight on the risk of erythematotelangiectatic rosacea (ETR), and with overweight/obesity on the risk of severe rosacea. Underweight was associated with increased risk of ETR (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.91, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21, 3.03) among spicy no users, but the association was attenuated into insignificant level when mixed with spicy food factor (p > 0.05). Among moderated spicy food consumers, overweight/obesity was associated with decreased risk of severe rosacea (aOR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.50, 0.98), but overweight/obesity was insignificant associated with severe rosacea among spicy no users and heavy spicy food consumers (p > 0.05).ConclusionsBody weight status alone was not significantly associated with rosacea, but the interaction between body weight status and spicy food consumption is involved in the rosacea.
Comparison between 308‐nm excimer light alone versus 308‐nm excimer light and platelet‐rich plasma in the treatment for localized vitiligo
Authors: Elsaadany Ahmed Elsaeed , El‐Khalawany Mohamed , Elshahid Ahmed Rashad , Seddeik Abdel‐Hameed Ahmad Kamel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundMonochromatic excimer light (MEL) is a safe and effective treatment for localized stable vitiligo. Previous reports of the combination of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) with narrowband ultraviolet B (NB‐UVB) or excimer laser yielded conflicting results.AimsThis prospective, self‐controlled, randomized, comparative study aimed to assess whether the addition of PRP to MEL therapy would be of an additive benefit in the treatment for localized stable vitiligo.Patients/Methods The current study included 36 patients with at least 2 more or less symmetrical patches of localized stable vitiligo (72 patches). For each patient, each of the 2 vitiligo patches was randomly assigned to receive either MEL therapy (twice weekly) with bi‐weekly intradermal PRP (group A) or MEL therapy alone (group B) for a maximum of 4 months or till complete repigmentation. The degree of repigmentation was categorized as absent (0%), poor (1–25%), moderate (26–50%), good (51–75%), or excellent (>75%). Patients were asked about their level of satisfaction (not satisfied at all, partially satisfied, satisfied, or completely satisfied). Side effects were recorded, and follow‐up for 3 months was done.ResultsNo statistically significant difference was observed between the 2 groups regarding the degree of repigmentation, the patients’ level of satisfaction, and the frequency of side effects (p = 0.504, 0.490, and 0.912, respectively). At the end of the follow‐up period, recurrence was observed in only 3 patients.ConclusionsThe current study showed no statistically significant difference between using MEL alone or with intradermal PRP in the treatment for localized stable vitiligo.
Financial development and growth in European regions
Authors: Rossi Paola , Scalise Diego 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe study the relationship between financial development and economic growth across 110 European regions from 1997 to 2018. We single out two dimensions of financial development in the data capturing the capillarity of bank branches and the agglomeration of the financial industry at large and study their relationship with regional economic growth. To establish a causal nexus, we employ two‐ways fixed effects, instrumental variables, and the Arellano–Bond estimator. Our estimates indicate that what matters the most for regional economic growth is the agglomeration of a complex financial sector rather than the mere presence of bank branches.
Regional borders, local unemployment, and life satisfaction
Authors: Di Paolo Antonio , Ferrer‐i‐Carbonell Ada 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we provide novel evidence on the effect of local unemployment rate on life satisfaction. With this, we contribute to the expanding literature that aims to understand the role of the local labor market's conditions for individual well‐being. This information can be used to only analyze the impact of regional economic policies, as well as to understand individuals' behavior and reactions to policy changes. In concrete, we investigate how changes in local unemployment rate affect subjective well‐being in Germany, allowing for the presence of spatial spillovers and considering the role played by regional borders. The results indicate that higher unemployment in the own local area of residence has a negative effect on satisfaction. Similarly, individuals' happiness negatively correlates with the unemployment rate in contiguous local areas, but only if these areas are located in the same Federal State as the one where the individual lives. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that these negative effects of local unemployment rate are larger for individuals with stronger ties to the job market and less secure jobs.
Walking on eggshells: A life defined by obsessive–compulsive personality disorder
Authors: Grech Paulann , Spiteri Ana 
Published: October 2021

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject?Obsessive–compulsive personality disorder (OCPD), which is experienced by 2.1–7.9% of the population, is characterized by an excessive need for orderliness, neatness and perfectionism.What does the paper add to existing knowledge?Existing studies on OCPD commonly focus on the physiological aspects, treatment and/or comparison of features with other disorders. Studies that explore the personal experiences related to OCPD are lacking and so the human element of this condition is missing. This paper contributes to this gap by presenting a glimpse into life with OCPD. The narrative is provided by the daughter of a person who lived with OCPD and presents the ordeals, victories and aspects of everyday life as framed by the condition. Whilst personality disorders such as OCPD are subjected to a high level of stigma, this relative's story shows that love and compassion can be found even in the darkest corridors that OCPD can take one to. As the story shows, behind every disorder there is a human being and the disorder is not the totality of that being. In this view, the paper sheds light on the human element related to the condition.What are the implications for practice?The paper highlights the need for continuous, hands‐on community support to those experiencing OCPD and their significant others. In order to enhance continuity of care, support is ideally centralized and provided by one keyworker who builds a strong therapeutic relationship with the person and their loved ones.
Brain metabolic and microstructural alterations associated with hepatitis C virus infection, autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cholangitis
Authors: Reichardt Jan‐Luca , Dirks Meike , Wirries Ann‐Katrin , Pflugrad Henning , Nösel Patrick , Haag Kim , Lanfermann Heinrich , Wedemeyer Heiner , Potthoff Andrej , Weissenborn Karin , Ding Xiao‐Qi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsNeuropsychiatric symptoms in hepatitis C (HCV) patients resemble those of patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) or primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), whilst the mechanisms behind them are unknown. Here we looked for cerebral metabolic and/or microstructural alterations in patients with HCV, AIH or PBC as possible causes behind these symptoms.MethodsPatients with HCV infection (n = 17), AIH (n = 14) or PBC (n = 11) and age‐adjusted healthy controls (n = 18) underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and psychometric assessment of memory and attention. Brain relative proton density (PD) and T2 relaxation time (T2) were determined in 17 regions of interest (ROIs), as were the concentrations of N‐acetyl‐aspartate, choline, creatine, myo‐inositol and glutamine + glutamate in frontal‐ (fWM) and parietal white matter (pWM). One‐way analysis of variance and Kruskal‐Wallis tests were used for group comparison. Correlations between altered neuropsychological findings and MRI/MRS observations were estimated with the Spearman ρ test.ResultsHCV, AIH and PBC patients revealed similar alterations in brain PD and metabolites compared to controls: significantly decreased PD in 7/17 ROIs in the HCV group, 16/17 ROIs in the PBC group and 14/17 ROIs in the AIH group, significantly increased N‐acetyl‐aspartate in fWM in all patients, significantly increased choline in the PBC group in both fWM and pWM, in the AIH group only in pWM and with a trend in the HCV group in pWM. Correlation analysis did not reveal significant associations between MRI/MRS alterations and neuropsychological dysfunction.ConclusionThe findings suggest similar pathophysiological mechanisms behind neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with HCV infection, AIH and PBC.
Aurora kinase A regulates liver regeneration through macrophages polarization and Wnt/β‐catenin signalling
Authors: Yin Yanze , Kong Defu , He Kang , Xia Qiang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsLiver regeneration is a complex process regulated by a variety of cells, cytokines and biological pathways. Aurora kinase A (AURKA) is a serine/threonine kinase that plays a role in centrosome maturation and spindle formation during the cell division cycle. The purpose of this study was to further explore the mechanism of AURKA on liver regeneration and to identify new possible targets for liver regeneration.MethodsThe effect and mechanism of AURKA on liver regeneration were studied using a 70% hepatectomy model. Human liver organoids were used as an in vitro model to investigate the effect of AURKA on hepatocyte proliferation.ResultsAURKA inhibition significantly reduced the level of β‐catenin protein by reducing the phosphorylation level of glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK‐3β), leading to the inhibition of liver regeneration. Further studies showed that AURKA co‐localized and interacted with GSK‐3β in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. When phosphorylation of GSK‐3β was enhanced, the total GSK‐3β level remained unchanged, while AURKA was not affected, and β‐catenin protein levels were increased. In addition, AURKA inhibition affected the formation and proliferation of human liver organoids. Furthermore, AURKA inhibition led to the polarization of M1 macrophages and the release of interleukin‐6 and Tumour necrosis factor α, which also led to reduced liver regeneration and increased liver injury.ConclusionsThese results provide more details on the mechanism of liver regeneration and suggest that AURKA is an important regulator of this mechanism.
Genomic prediction in the wild: A case study in Soay sheep
Authors: Ashraf Bilal , Hunter Darren C. , Bérénos Camillo , Ellis Philip A. , Johnston Susan E. , Pilkington Jill G. , Pemberton Josephine M. , Slate Jon 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGenomic prediction, the technique whereby an individual's genetic component of their phenotype is estimated from its genome, has revolutionised animal and plant breeding and medical genetics. However, despite being first introduced nearly two decades ago, it has hardly been adopted by the evolutionary genetics community studying wild organisms. Here, genomic prediction is performed on eight traits in a wild population of Soay sheep. The population has been the focus of a >30 year evolutionary ecology study and there is already considerable understanding of the genetic architecture of the focal Mendelian and quantitative traits. We show that the accuracy of genomic prediction is high for all traits, but especially those with loci of large effect segregating. Five different methods are compared, and the two methods that can accommodate zero‐effect and large‐effect loci in the same model tend to perform best. If the accuracy of genomic prediction is similar in other wild populations, then there is a real opportunity for pedigree‐free molecular quantitative genetics research to be enabled in many more wild populations; currently the literature is dominated by studies that have required decades of field data collection to generate sufficiently deep pedigrees. Finally, some of the potential applications of genomic prediction in wild populations are discussed.
Different epitopes of Ralstonia solanacearum effector RipAW are recognized by two Nicotiana species and trigger immune responses
Authors: Niu Yang , Fu Shouyang , Chen Gong , Wang Huijuan , Wang Yisa , Hu JinXue , Jin Xin , Zhang Mancang , Lu Mingxia , He Yizhe , Wang Dongdong , Chen Yue , Zhang Yong , Coll Núria S. , Valls Marc , Zhao Cuizhu , Chen Qin , Lu Haibin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDiverse pathogen effectors convergently target conserved components in plant immunity guarded by intracellular nucleotide‐binding domain leucine‐rich repeat receptors (NLRs) and activate effector‐triggered immunity (ETI), often causing cell death. Little is known of the differences underlying ETI in different plants triggered by the same effector. In this study, we demonstrated that effector RipAW triggers ETI on Nicotiana benthamiana and Nicotiana tabacum. Both the first 107 amino acids (N1‐107) and RipAW E3‐ligase activity are required but not sufficient for triggering ETI on N. benthamiana. However, on N. tabacum, the N1‐107 fragment is essential and sufficient for inducing cell death. The first 60 amino acids of the protein are not essential for RipAW‐triggered cell death on either N. benthamiana or N. tabacum. Furthermore, simultaneous mutation of both R75 and R78 disrupts RipAW‐triggered ETI on N. tabacum, but not on N. benthamiana. In addition, N. tabacum recognizes more RipAW orthologs than N. benthamiana. These data showcase the commonalities and specificities of RipAW‐activated ETI in two evolutionally related species, suggesting Nicotiana species have acquired different abilities to perceive RipAW and activate plant defences during plant–pathogen co‐evolution.
Attitudes towards older adults (80 years and older): A measurement with the ageing semantic differential ‐ A cross‐sectional study of Austrian students
Authors: Schüttengruber Gerhilde , Stolz Erwin , Lohrmann Christa , Kriebernegg Ulla , Halfens Ruud , Großschädl Franziska 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe aims of the study were to investigate the four‐factor structure of the German version of the Aging Semantic Differential (ASD) and to gain initial insights into the attitudes of nursing, medical and humanities students towards older people in Austria.MethodA cross‐sectional study design with a convenience sample was chosen.ResultsThe ASD was completed by 255 Austrian nursing, medicine, and humanities students, who described their attitudes towards persons who are 80 years of age and older. The applicability of the four‐factor structure (instrumentality, autonomy, acceptability and integrity) of the German version was confirmed by performing a confirmatory factor analysis. The mean age of students in our sample was 23.6 years; 79% of these were female. The sample displayed negative attitudes regarding the factors of autonomy and instrumentality, but more positive attitudes regarding the factors integrity and acceptability. The attitudes of the students in the three study programmes differed, with the medical students displaying the most negative attitudes. Students who displayed positive attitudes had statistically significantly higher levels of knowledge about ageism and better possibilities to hold personal conversations with older people (80+) in the family or circle of friends.ConclusionWe conclude that having more knowledge about ageism and close personal contacts to older persons can support positive attitudes towards older individuals.