bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Alcohol use Disorder and its Associated Factors among Alcohol users of Medical and Surgical Outpatients Attending a Specialized Hospital in Gondar, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Demilew Demeke , Boru Berhanu , Tesfaw Getachew , Kerebih Habtamu , Salelew Endalamaw 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Alcohol use disorder increase the risk of physical harm, mental or social consequences for patients and others in the community. Studies on alcohol use disorder and associated factors among medical and surgical outpatients in Ethiopia are limited. Therefore, this study is meant to provide essential data on alcohol use disorder and associated factors among alcohol user medical and surgical outpatients to intervene in the future. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted by using the systematic random sampling technique. Alcohol use disorders were assessed using the World Health Organization’s 10-item Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed, a P-value less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant in the multivariate analysis and the strength of association was measured at a 95% confidence interval.Results: The prevalence of alcohol use disorder was 34.5% with a 95% CI (29.20, 39.80) among study participants. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, male sex (AOR=3.33, 95%CI: 1.40, 7.93), history of mental illness (AOR=2.68, 95%CI: 1.12, 6.38), drinking for relaxation (AOR=1.88, 95%CI: 1.02, 3.48) and history of lifetime tobacco use (AOR=5.64, 95%CI: 1.95, 16.29) were factors significantly associated with alcohol use disorder. Conclusion: The prevalence of alcohol use disorders among medical and surgical outpatients was found to be high. Male sex, history of mental illness, alcohol use for relaxation and lifetime cigarette smoking need more attention during the assessment of patients in the medical and surgical outpatient departments.
Geoeconomic interest of minerals assemblage of sebkha El Melah, southeastern Tunisia
Authors: Essefi Elhoucine , Tagorti Mohamed Ali 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis work aimed to study the formation of salt through a progressive evaporation of sebkha El Melah brine. The precipitated salt in the case of sebkha El Melah is variable along the progressive evaporation. Weights of salt after each phase of precipitation indicate a heterogeneous evaporation process cumulating at 315 g L−1. With an increasing evaporation of El Melah brine, the number of precipitated mineral species increased. The cumulative number of species along the evaporation process reached 20, including principally: Halite (NaCl) (73–95%), epsomite (MgSO4·7H2O) (7–14%), bischofite (MgCl2:6H2O) (1%), Kieserite Mg(SO4)(H2O) (0–2%), magnesite (MgCO3) (1–4%), polyhalite (K2Ca2Mg(SO4)4,2H2O). Also, the thermodynamic theoretical modeling of the El Melah brine shows convergence with geochemical and mineralogical experimental data. At an evaporation rate of 60%, the sebkha of El Melah annually provides with 315,000 tons of salt. The majority of salt (80%) is halite. The remaining 20% contains different species having a huge economic interest. From an industrial viewpoint, our study shows that the purity of halite is guaranteed at low rates of evaporation. Evaporation between 50 and 75% produces a mixture dominated by halite. Evaporation higher than 75% needs further studies to find the mineralogical composition and the phase of each mineral precipitation. The saline system of El Melah represents a geoeconomic interest due to the cheap natural process of production, its large quantity of halite with varieties of other accessory minerals, and cheap procedure of exportation.
Water storage practices for small-scale irrigation systems in East Hararghe zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Jilito Mideksa Fufa , Wedajo Desalegn Yadeta , Feyisa Bekele Wegi , Tuke Tsegaye Woldetsadik 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAgricultural productions of smallholder farmers are vulnerable to rainfall shortage and variability in Ethiopia. Thus, this study was aimed to examine water storage strategies practiced by farmers for small-scale irrigation systems in East Hararghe zone, Ethiopia. Data were collected from 300 irrigation user households using an interview schedule. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate probit (MVP) model. The research findings revealed that about 62.67, 54.33, 20.33 and 17.67% of households have used borehole, shallow wells, hand-dug, and farm pond water storage practices for small-scale irrigation, respectively. The finding of the MVP model showed that the choice of using borehole water storage practices affected by education level and frequency of extension contacts. The choice of shallow wells to store water was influenced by livestock size, participation in non-farm activities, and the use of the improved seed. Furthermore, the choice of using hand-dug is affected by household size, farm size, access to training, external support, and weather information. Finally, the size of livestock ownership influenced the choice of ponds for small-scale irrigation. Therefore, various stakeholders should work to enhance the water storage capacity of the farmers by reducing the hindrances and strengthening enabling factors in the study areas.
Simulation of surface runoff control effect by permeable pavement
Authors: Chen Wang , Zheng Mulian , Gao Qian , Deng Chaoxian , Ma Yue , Ji Guoqiang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Permeable pavement (PP) can be used to decrease urban surface runoff. However, few studies have been conducted to explore the runoff reduction effect of various structures of PP in the carriageway. In this study, several structures of PP used in the carriageway of sponge cities in China were investigated and divided into three types: surface drainage, base course storage and drainage, and fully permeable. Then, the runoff models were developed by Storm Water Management Model to simulate the effect of the three types under various rainfall recurrence periods. Results show that rainfall recurrence period, structure and thickness of the permeable layer were identified as the most influential factors in PP runoff reduction. The surface drainage can reduce total runoff depth and coefficient by more than 14%, and also delay runoff start time and duration by more than 40 minutes. Surface runoff in the base course storage and drainage can only be generated when recurrence period is 50 years. The fully permeable does not generate any runoff under all recurrence periods. Based on simulation results, a series of runoff coefficient values for PP were recommended to help the design and implementation of PP in mitigating urban waterlogging problems.
ANTI-MICROBIAL EFFECTIVENESS OF LEMON GRASS OIL (CYMBOPOGAN CITRATE) AGAINST AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC ORGANISMS
Authors: S. M. AJJAI , NAIR POOJA , GRACE J. R. LILLY , VENNILA ROSY 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To find the antibacterial effectiveness of lemon grass (Cymbopogan citrate) oil against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
Methods:This is an observational study conducted at Microbiology Clinical laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Chennai. It was done over a period of 3 mo from January to March. The extracts of lemongrass leaves were investigated for its effectiveness against Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus), Escherichia coli(E.coli) and Clostridium perfringens(C.perfringens) by Disc Diffusion assay.
Results:Our study indicates that the extract of lemongrass oil shows antibacterial activity. Among the tested organisms, aerobic organisms were sensitive.
Conclusion: This study thus provides insightful knowledge on antibacterial activity that would lead to further development of lemongrass oil for infectious diseases in the future.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ANTIDEPRESSANT-LIKE EFFECT OF THE LEAVES OF SAPINDUS EMARGINATUS AND ACORUS CALAMUS IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS
Authors: SHOUGRAKPAM PRIYADARSHINI , BHATTACHARJEE ABHISHEK , MEDHABATI MAYANGLAMBAM , GUNINDRO NGANGOM 
Published: January 2021

Objective: Depression is an affective disorder characterized by a change in mood, lack of confidence, lack of interest in surroundings and many natural products that have been tried to treat the disease. The study was aimed to evaluate and compare the antidepressant activity of methanol leave extract of SapindusemarginatusVahl. (MESE) and Acoruscalamus Linn. (MEAC) in experimental models in albino mice.
Methods: Methanol Extracts of the plants were prepared by soxhlet extraction method. Forced swimming test (FST) and Tail suspension test (TST) models were chosen to evaluate antidepressant activity.Albino mice were selected and divided into six groups of six animals for each experimental model. Group I received 1% gum acacia in distilled water (DW) at a dose of 1 ml/100 g orally. Group II received sertraline-10 mg/kg orally. Group III and IV were administered 200 and 400 mg/kg of MESE respectively. Group V and VI were treated with 200 and 400 mg/kg of MEAC, respectively.
Results: Methanol extracts of Sapindusemarginatus and Acoruscalamus at the two different doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg demonstrated a significant decrease in immobility time when compared with the control in both animal models. The extracts at the higher dose of 400 mg/kg revealed a significant reduction in immobility time compared to 200 mg/kg of the same extract.
Conclusion: The results suggest that the methanol extracts of SapindusemarginatusVahl. andAcoruscalamus Linn. possessthe anticonvulsant activityand justify their use in folk medicine.
COMPARISON OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF GARLIC AGAINST AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC BACTERIA
Authors: DHANUSH K. G. , UMAMAGESWARI S. S. M. , MALAVIKA M. , BHUVANESHWARI G. 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To compare the antibacterial activity of garlic against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
Methods: Antimicrobial activity of garlic is performed by Agar cup diffusion technique for 3 bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and clostridium perfringens.
Results: By performing the technique with proper guidance, it is observed that the Staphylococcus aureus specimen shows sensitivity to garlic whereas the other two specimens Escherichia coli and clostridium perfringens doesn’t show any sensitivity to garlic.
Conclusion: Due to its vast antibacterial activity of garlic, it can be used along with other antibiotics to increase its efficiency.
PREVALENCE AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF HIGH LEVEL AMINOGLYCOSIDE RESISTANCE AMONG GRAM POSITIVE ORGANISMS IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE
Authors: A. DIVYA PRABHA , NAIR POOJA , UMAMAGESWARI S. S. M. , MONICA R. , VENNILA ROSY 
Published: January 2021

Objective: The study is done to determine the prevalence and the antimicrobial susceptibility against the gram positive organisms with high level amino glycosides resistance.
Methods: This is a prospective study involving the analysis of clinical samples for gram positive organisms like Streptococcus species, Enterococcus species and Staphylococcus species and determining their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern.
Results: From the collected clinical samples, all the gram positive organisms show resistance to gentamicin. Most of the Staphylococcus species showed a wide resistance to erythromycin followed by ceftrioxazone and many Enterococcus species shows resistance to penicillin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin.
Conclusion: The high level aminoglycoside resistant (HLAR) gram positive organisms showed susceptibility to few drugs that are prevalent in various clinical samples. Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and sensitivity is essential in managing and control of infection.
PREVALENCE AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF PSEUDOMONAS SPECIES ISOLATED FROM CLINICAL SAMPLES IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: RAHMAN M. ABDUR , NAIR POOJA 
Published: January 2021

Objective: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the commonest agent causing opportunistic nosocomial infections, contributing to mortality and morbidity worldwide. Along with its intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms, infections caused by Pseudomonas species further lead to treatment failure. This study was done to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of different species of Pseudomonas isolated from various clinical samples by phenotypic methods.
Methods: This study involved the examination of clinical samples for various species of Pseudomonas by using different standard biochemical tests. Their antimicrobial susceptibility profile was performed by the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Analysis of the antibiogram pattern was done to study the multi-drug resistance among Pseudomonas species.
Results: Out of the 1249 bacterial isolates, Pseudomonas species accounted for 12.9%. Pseudomonas species showed maximum resistance to gentamicin (31.4%), followed by ciprofloxacin (30.2%. and showed the least resistance tocolistin and polymyxin B. 46 isolates out of the 162 (28%) were found to be Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Conclusion: The present study highlights that Pseudomonas species remains a major cause of hospital-acquired infections. Multidrug resistance was observed in most of the strains, which makes the therapeutic options more difficult. Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and strict infection control measures are essentially to be practiced in managing and control of infections caused by Pseudomonas.
Pharmacological Benefits of Miswak Users and Its Impact on COVID-19 Patients – A Review
Authors: Sumayya Rehaman  
Published: January 2021

In the quest of vaccine/medicine for the Covid-19, a major challenge for the intact community on the Earth, the scientists are eagerly involved in the struggle to achieve a new vision in the field of drug discovery. In meantime, we have also forgotten the usage of preexisting medicinal plants and searching the treasure in the dark. To enlighten on, and to dig the hidden boon, this review paper highlights Salvadora persica, a miracle twig’s various medicinal properties and also about major influence against the viral activities and the asymptomatic conditions in Covid-19 patients of miswak users. It also highlights the literature evidence on the isolated chemical metabolites present in the root and stem of the tree which emphasize its beneficial effects against the bacterial and viral load. This review will hopefully encourage the upcoming search to widen their research on miswak in nCoV of Covid-19 patients and the common people need to document for the regular usage of miswak with brushing the teeth, to attain its properties.
An Observational Study to Correlate Uterine Fibroid with Vyadhi in Ayurveda
Authors: Dr. Rajni K. Gurmule  , Dr. GopalSharma  , Dr. Priti Desai  
Published: January 2021

Uterine fibroid is the common type of benign tumor of uterus which affects the health of women. These are mostly asymptomatic but still cause major morbidity in women. Along with menorrhagia, dysmenorrhoea fibroid also shows symptoms such as infertility, pain in lower abdomen, anemia due to blood loss. Hormonal therapy and symptomatic treatment are carried out to treat this disease. . In some advance cases, surgery is carried out. But there is no absolute treatment for cure of uterine fibroid till today. There is a description of various Ayurvedic diseases affecting the health of women. There is somewhat resemblance between Vyadhis in Ayurveda and uterine fibroid such as RaktajaGulma, Granthi and Arbuda. But there is an evidence gap regarding correlation of uterine fibroid with disease mentioned in Ayurveda. So we have made sincere effects to correlate Ayurvedic disease with uterine fibroid with the help of an observational study. Our study will aid to treat uterine fibroid using Ayurvedic principles. For this observational , study 30 womenof the age group 30-60 having uterine fibroid after takingtheir prior consent were taken by considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. Their USG reports of abdomen and pelvis were collected. Detailed clinical examination was carried out and case report formsfilled. After hysterectomy, gross examination of fibroid was carried out and their histopathology reports were collected for further study. We found mean age of occurrence of fibroid was40.4 years.Mean of symptoms to be visible was 22.44. Avednam, Snigdha, Na-Anyavearnam, Ashmopam, Apakam,AprachalyamaLakshana was found in 80%, 90%, 100%, 66.66%, 93%, 63.33% respectively From all the observation and results, at the end of this study, we concluded that uterine fibroid can be correlated with Arbuda and its subtype Mansarbuda.
Larvicidal Effects Of Pongamiaglabra and Syzygiumaromaticum On Aedes Aegypti Mosquito Larvae
Authors: Ananya Bar  , J. Andrew  , Akshay Botle  , Manojsingh  
Published: January 2021

Mosquitoes are considered as the most nuisance causing vectors as they are responsible for a widespread of diseases. Malaria-borne mosquitoes are responsible of killing two to three million people and infect an estimated two hundred million or more annually. A host of other mosquito-borne diseases including filariasis, yellow fever, dengue, and encephalitis kill and debilitate hundreds of millions more. The present study investigates the bio efficacy of two commercially available plant oils from Pongamia glabra (Karanja) and Syzygium aromaticum (Clove). These two plant oils were tested against Aedes aegypti (Dengue fever mosquito) to determine their lethal concentration doses (LC50). A larval toxicity assay was performed where a stock solution of 10% was prepared for both the oils at a concentration range of 100 to 900 ppm and 90 to 1300 ppm was set for Pongamia glabra and Syzygium aromaticum respectively. A batch of each 10 IVth instar larvae was subjected to the assay with test, combination and a control set for a period of 24 and 48 hrs. LC50 of two oils were determined while the combination of two oils showed a synergistic effect. The effect of P. glabra and S. aromaticum on the anterior and posterior regions of the midgut region of A. aegypti larvae were found damage to epithelial cells, basement membrane, peritrophic membrane, fat body cells and nuclei were observed. The results of the study showed that the synergistic method of using common eco-safe combination of plant oils were effective to handle and monitor A. aegypti larva. Pongamia glabra and Syzygium aromaticum are among the successful mosquito control agents.
Effectiveness of Muscle Energy Technique and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation in Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Minal Bharat Masekar  , Dr. Amrutkuvar Rayjade  , Dr.Trupti Yadav  , Dr.Khushboo Chotai  
Published: January 2021

This study was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of techniques such as muscle energy technique and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation in reduction of pain levels, improvement in flexibility of hamstring muscle and functional mobility, in patients with osteoarthritis of knee. An experimental study was carried out using a pre test and post test study design. The study was carried out in Krishna Hospital, Karad with a sample size of 36 individuals suffering from osteoarthritis of knee using a random sampling method. Individuals with Osteoarthritis of knee within the age group 40-60 years have been included. The collected data was analysed using paired and unpaired ‘t’ tests. When the data was analysed, the results showed that the patients in Group A and B receiving PNF stretching and MET respectively, the pain levels measured using NPRS shows more improvement in group A(7.66 ±1.02 ) as compared to group B (3.44 ±0.92). Hamstring flexibility in group A (10.63 ±4.89) was also found to be higher than in group B (4.37±2.01) when Active knee extension test was performed as a measure for hamstring flexibility, when functional mobility was measured using Western Ontario and McMaster universities arthritis index, improvement seen in group A (27.21 ±12.31) was significantly higher than in group B (14.11±7.88). The primary finding was that the patients of group A receiving PNF stretching along with the baseline protocol showed better improvement in pain levels, hamstring flexibility and level of functional mobility as compared to the patients in group B receiving MET along. with baseline protocol
Socio-Economic Conditions and Occupational Health Hazards of Fish Hook Makers in Rural Bengal
Authors: Animesh Mandal  , Rajendra Prasad Mondal  
Published: January 2021

Fish hook making is subject to health risks In the rural areas of West Bengal, a notable part of population is engaged in fish related activities in diverse ways either instantaneously or incidentally. The sector of activity of fish hook making is essentially rural and it being most haphazard, no focus has been given to the occupational health problems of these workers by politicians, planners, administrators and scientists. The objectives of our study is to access the occupational health hazards of fish hook makers and to give essential suggestions for the mitigation measures of those hazards resulting in a more desirable quality of life for the countryside inhabitants. A standardized structured questionnaire, with modification to suit the local context was used to collect the data. Data was analyzed in the form of percentage (%),mean and standard deviation. Out of the total 51 respondents 15 weremale and 36 were female. It revealed that in supreme number of cases hook workers experience hazards due tomachinery induced injury, musculo-skeletal disease, eye disease, skin disease due to working in unhealthy workplaces, manual handling of machines and not using personal protective equipments. So, fish hook makers need a notable degree of consciousness through regular safety training for minimizing their occupational health hazards.,
Pharmacognostic Characterization for Taxonomic Identification of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. for Quality Control
Authors: Naureen Shaba Khan  , Bhaskar Chaurasia  , Ashwini Kumar Dixit  
Published: January 2021

Pharmacognostic studies played a crucial role in checking the possibilities and threat of adulteration among natural drugs by macroscopic and microscopic examination of plant materials. Organoleptic characters, macroscopic and microscopic studies, physicochemical and fluorescence analysis of Bacopa monnieri (L.)Wettst. has been carried out to determine the anatomical and pharmacognostic portrayal. The organoleptic studies revealed that B. monnieri is green in colour, bears a characteristic smell, leaves have smooth soft texture and bitter in taste. Stomata of anomocytic type and stomatal index was 17.77 and 18.18 in upper and lower epidermis respectively. Glandular trichome was present on the leaf surface and petiole. Study of powder microscopic analysis and fluorescence characteristics reveals round and oval starch granules, sclerenchymatous cells, lignified fibres, vascular bundles, spherical oil globules, raphides, druses, thin fibres and compounds oil droplets, xylem vessels with spiral and reticulates thickenings in the powder of different part of the plant. Observations revealed that the study has a great potential in unraveling the identification keys of plants species by highlighting various pharmacognostic aids.