bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supergravity with mimetic dark matter
Authors: Chamseddine Ali H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe formulate a supersymmetric version of gravity with mimetic dark matter. The coupling of a constrained chiral multiplet to $$N = 1$$

N
=
1

supergravity is made locally supersymmetric using the rules of tensor calculus. The chiral multiplet is constrained with a Lagrange multiplier multiplet that could be either a chiral multiplet or a linear multiplet. We obtain the fully supersymmetric Lagrangians in both cases. It is then shown that the system consisting of the supergravity multiplet, the chiral multiplet and the Lagrange multiplier multiplet can break supersymmetry spontaneously leading to a model of a graviton, massive gravitino and two scalar fields representing mimetic dark matter. The combination of the chiral multiplet and Lagrange multiplier multiplet can act as the hidden sector breaking local $$N = 1$$

N
=
1

supersymmetry.
Deciphering weak decays of triply heavy baryons by SU(3) analysis
Authors: Huang Fei , Xu Ji , Zhang Xi-Ruo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBaryons with three heavy quarks are the last missing pieces of the lowest-lying baryon multiplets in the quark model after the discovery of doubly heavy baryons. In this work, we study nonleptonic weak decays of triply heavy baryons $$\Omega _{ccc}^{++}$$

Ω

ccc

+
+

, $$\Omega _{bbb}^{-}$$

Ω

bbb

-

, $$\Omega _{ccb}^{+}$$

Ω

ccb

+

, and $$\Omega _{cbb}^{0}$$

Ω

cbb

0

. Decay amplitudes for various processes have been parametrized in terms of the SU(3) irreducible nonperturbative amplitudes. A number of relations for the partial decay widths can be deduced from these results that can be examined in future. Some decay channels and cascade decay modes which likely to be used to reconstruct the triply heavy baryons have been also listed.
Quantum technology for military applications
Authors: Krelina Michal 
Published: November 2021

AbstractQuantum technology is an emergent and potentially disruptive discipline, with the ability to affect many human activities. Quantum technologies are dual-use technologies, and as such are of interest to the defence and security industry and military and governmental actors. This report reviews and maps the possible quantum technology military applications, serving as an entry point for international peace and security assessment, ethics research, military and governmental policy, strategy and decision making. Quantum technologies for military applications introduce new capabilities, improving effectiveness and increasing precision, thus leading to ‘quantum warfare’, wherein new military strategies, doctrines, policies and ethics should be established. This report provides a basic overview of quantum technologies under development, also estimating the expected time scale of delivery or the utilisation impact. Particular military applications of quantum technology are described for various warfare domains (e.g. land, air, space, electronic, cyber and underwater warfare and ISTAR—intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition and reconnaissance), and related issues and challenges are articulated.
Blood Pressure and Safety Events With Vericiguat in the VICTORIA Trial
Authors: Lam Carolyn S. P. , Mulder Hillary , Lopatin Yuri , Vazquez‐Tanus Jose B. , Siu David , Ezekowitz Justin , Pieske Burkert , O’Connor Christopher M. , Roessig Lothar , Patel Mahesh J. , Anstrom Kevin J. , Hernandez Adrian F. , Armstrong Paul W. ,   the VICTORIA Study Group
Published: November 2021

Background
Although safety and tolerability of vericiguat were established in the VICTORIA (Vericiguat Global Study in Subjects With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction) trial in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, some subgroups may be more susceptible to symptomatic hypotension, such as older patients, those with lower baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP), or those concurrently taking angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors. We described the SBP trajectories over time and compared the occurrence of symptomatic hypotension or syncope by treatment arm in potentially vulnerable subgroups in VICTORIA. We also evaluated the relation between the efficacy of vericiguat and baseline SBP.

Methods and Results

Among patients receiving at least 1 dose of the study drug (n=5034), potentially vulnerable subgroups were those >75 years old (n=1395), those with baseline SBP 100–110 mm Hg (n=1344), and those taking angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (n=730). SBP trajectory was plotted as mean change from baseline over time. The treatment effect on time to symptomatic hypotension or syncope was evaluated overall and by subgroup, and the primary efficacy composite outcome (heart failure hospitalization or cardiovascular death) across baseline SBP was examined using Cox proportional hazards models. SBP trajectories showed a small initial decline in SBP with vericiguat in those >75 years old (versus younger patients), as well as those receiving angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (versus none), with SBP returning to baseline thereafter. Patients with SBP <110 mm Hg at baseline showed a trend to increasing SBP over time, which was similar in both treatment arms. Safety event rates were generally low and similar between treatment arms within each subgroup. In Cox proportional hazards analysis, there were similar numbers of safety events with vericiguat versus placebo (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.18; 95% CI, 0.99–1.39;
P
=0.059).

No difference existed between treatment arms in landmark analysis beginning after the titration phase (ie, post 4 weeks) (adjusted HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.93–1.38;
P
=0.20). The benefit of vericiguat compared with placebo on the primary composite efficacy outcome was similar across the spectrum of baseline SBP (
P
for interaction=0.32).

Conclusions
These data demonstrate the safety of vericiguat in a broad population of patients with worsening heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, even among those predisposed to hypotension. Vericiguat’s efficacy persisted regardless of baseline SBP.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02861534.
Pathways by Which Food Insecurity Is Associated With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk
Authors: Palakshappa Deepak , Ip Edward H. , Berkowitz Seth A. , Bertoni Alain G. , Foley Kristie L. , Miller David P. , Vitolins Mara Z. , Rosenthal Gary E. 
Published: November 2021

Background
Food insecurity (FI) has been associated with an increased atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk; however, the pathways by which FI leads to worse cardiovascular health are unknown. We tested the hypothesis that FI is associated with ASCVD risk through nutritional/anthropometric (eg, worse diet quality and increased weight), psychological/mental health (eg, increased depressive symptoms and risk of substance abuse), and access to care pathways.

Methods and Results

We conducted a cross‐sectional study of adults (aged 40–79 years) using the 2007 to 2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Our primary exposure was household FI, and our outcome was 10‐year ASCVD risk categorized as low (<5%), borderline (≥5% –<7.5%), intermediate (≥7.5%–<20%), and high risk (≥20%). We used structural equation modeling to evaluate the pathways and multiple mediation analysis to determine direct and indirect effects. Of the 12 429 participants, 2231 (18.0%) reported living in a food‐insecure household; 5326 (42.9%) had a low ASCVD risk score, 1402 (11.3%) borderline, 3606 (29.0%) intermediate, and 2095 (16.9%) had a high‐risk score. In structural models, we found significant path coefficients between FI and the nutrition/anthropometric (β, 0.130; SE, 0.027;
P
<0.001), psychological/mental health (β, 0.612; SE, 0.043;
P
<0.001), and access to care (β, 0.110; SE, 0.036;
P
=0.002) pathways. We did not find a significant direct effect of FI on ASCVD risk, and the nutrition, psychological, and access to care pathways accounted for 31.6%, 43.9%, and 15.8% of the association, respectively.

Conclusions
We found that the association between FI and ASCVD risk category was mediated through the nutrition/anthropometric, psychological/mental health, and access to care pathways. Interventions that address all 3 pathways may be needed to mitigate the negative impact of FI on cardiovascular disease.
Loss of Endothelial Hypoxia Inducible Factor‐Prolyl Hydroxylase 2 Induces Cardiac Hypertrophy and Fibrosis
Authors: Dai Zhiyu , Cheng Jianding , Liu Bin , Yi Dan , Feng Anlin , Wang Ting , An Lingling , Gao Chen , Wang Yibin , Zhu Maggie M. , Zhang Xianming , Zhao You‐Yang 
Published: November 2021

Background
Cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis are common adaptive responses to injury and stress, eventually leading to heart failure. Hypoxia signaling is important to the (patho)physiological process of cardiac remodeling. However, the role of endothelial PHD2 (prolyl‐4 hydroxylase 2)/hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) signaling in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure remains elusive.

Methods and Results

Mice with

Egln1
Tie2Cre

(
Tie2
‐Cre‐mediated deletion of
Egln1
[encoding PHD2]) exhibited left ventricular hypertrophy evident by increased thickness of anterior and posterior wall and left ventricular mass, as well as cardiac fibrosis. Tamoxifen‐induced endothelial
Egln1
deletion in adult mice also induced left ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis. Additionally, we observed a marked decrease of PHD2 expression in heart tissues and cardiovascular endothelial cells from patients with cardiomyopathy. Moreover, genetic ablation of
Hif2a
but not
Hif1a
in

Egln1
Tie2Cre

mice normalized cardiac size and function. RNA sequencing analysis also demonstrated HIF‐2α as a critical mediator of signaling related to cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Pharmacological inhibition of HIF‐2α attenuated cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in

Egln1
Tie2Cre

mice.

Conclusions
The present study defines for the first time an unexpected role of endothelial PHD2 deficiency in inducing cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in an HIF‐2α–dependent manner. PHD2 was markedly decreased in cardiovascular endothelial cells in patients with cardiomyopathy. Thus, targeting PHD2/HIF‐2α signaling may represent a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of pathological cardiac hypertrophy and failure.
Transesophageal Echocardiography in Ischemic Stroke With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Tanaka Kanta , Koga Masatoshi , Lee Keon‐Joo , Kim Beom Joon , Mizoguchi Tadataka , Park Eun Lyeong , Lee Juneyoung , Yoshimura Sohei , Cha Jae‐Kwan , Lee Byung‐Chul , Koge Junpei , Bae Hee‐Joon , Toyoda Kazunori ,   for the CRCS‐K Investigators, the SAMURAI Study Investigators
Published: November 2021

Background
To clarify differences in clinical significance of intracardiac thrombi in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation‐associated stroke as identified by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE).

Methods and Results

Using patient data on nonvalvular atrial fibrillation‐associated ischemic stroke between 2011 and 2014 from 15 South Korean stroke centers (n=4841) and 18 Japanese centers (n=1192), implementation rates of TEE/TTE, and detection rates of intracardiac thrombi at each center were correlated. The primary outcome was recurrent ischemic stroke at 1 year after the onset. A total of 5648 patients (median age, 75 years; 2650 women) were analyzed. Intracardiac thrombi were detected in 75 patients (1.3%) overall. Thrombi were detected in 7.8% of patients with TEE (either TEE alone or TEE+TTE: n=679) and in 0.6% of those with TTE alone (n=3572). Thrombus detection rates varied between 0% and 14.3% among centers. As TEE implementation rates at each center increased from 0% to 56.7%, thrombus detection rates increased linearly (detection rate [%]=0.11×TEE rate [%]+1.09 [linear regression],
P
<0.01). TTE implementation rates (32.3%–100%) were not associated with thrombus detection rates (
P
=0.53). Intracardiac thrombi were associated with risk of recurrent ischemic stroke overall (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.35, 95% CI, 1.07–5.16). Thrombus‐associated ischemic stroke risk was high in patients with TEE (aHR, 3.13; 95% CI, 1.17–8.35), but not in those with TTE alone (aHR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.12–6.51).

Conclusions
Our data suggest clinical relevance of TEE for accurate detection and risk stratification of intracardiac thrombi in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation‐associated stroke.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01581502.
Comparative Analysis of Blood‐Derived Endothelial Cells for Designing Next‐Generation Personalized Organ‐on‐Chips
Authors: Mathur Tanmay , Tronolone James J. , Jain Abhishek 
Published: November 2021

Background
Organ‐on‐chip technology has accelerated in vitro preclinical research of the vascular system, and a key strength of this platform is its promise to impact personalized medicine by providing a primary human cell–culture environment where endothelial cells are directly biopsied from individual tissue or differentiated through stem cell biotechniques. However, these methods are difficult to adopt in laboratories, and often result in impurity and heterogeneity of cells. This limits the power of organ‐chips in making accurate physiological predictions. In this study, we report the use of blood‐derived endothelial cells as alternatives to primary and induced pluripotent stem cell–derived endothelial cells.

Methods and Results
Here, the genotype, phenotype, and organ‐chip functional characteristics of blood‐derived outgrowth endothelial cells were compared against commercially available and most used primary endothelial cells and induced pluripotent stem cell–derived endothelial cells. The methods include RNA‐sequencing, as well as criterion standard assays of cell marker expression, growth kinetics, migration potential, and vasculogenesis. Finally, thromboinflammatory responses under shear using vessel‐chips engineered with blood‐derived endothelial cells were assessed. Blood‐derived endothelial cells exhibit the criterion standard hallmarks of typical endothelial cells. There are differences in gene expression profiles between different sources of endothelial cells, but blood‐derived cells are relatively closer to primary cells than induced pluripotent stem cell–derived. Furthermore, blood‐derived endothelial cells are much easier to obtain from individuals and yet, they serve as an equally effective cell source for functional studies and organ‐chips compared with primary cells or induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cells.

Conclusions
Blood‐derived endothelial cells may be used in preclinical research for developing more robust and personalized next‐generation disease models using organ‐on‐chips.
Causes of Death in People With Cardiovascular Disease: A UK Biobank Cohort Study
Authors: Drozd Michael , Pujades‐Rodriguez Mar , Sun Fei , Franks Kevin N. , Lillie Patrick J. , Witte Klaus K. , Kearney Mark T. , Cubbon Richard M. 
Published: November 2021

Background
Therapeutic advances have reduced cardiovascular death rates in people with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We aimed to define the rates of cardiovascular and noncardiovascular death in people with specified CVDs or accruing cardiovascular multimorbidity.

Methods and Results
We studied 493 280 UK residents enrolled in the UK Biobank cohort study. The proportion of deaths attributed to cardiovascular, cancer, infection, or other causes were calculated in groups defined by 9 distinct self‐reported CVDs at baseline, or by the number of these CVDs at baseline. Poisson regression analyses were then used to define adjusted incidence rate ratios for these causes of death, accounting for sociodemographic factors and comorbidity. Of 27 729 deaths, 20.4% were primarily attributed to CVD, 53.6% to cancer, 5.0% to infection, and 21.0% to other causes. As cardiovascular multimorbidity increased, the proportion of cardiovascular and infection‐related deaths was greater, contrasting with cancer and other deaths. Compared with people without CVD, those with 3 or more CVDs experienced adjusted incidence rate ratios of 7.0 (6.2–7.8) for cardiovascular death, 4.4 (3.4–5.6) for infection death, 1.5 (1.4–1.7) for cancer death, and 2.0 (1.7–2.4) for other causes of death. There was substantial heterogeneity in causes of death, both in terms of crude proportions and adjusted incidence rate ratios, among the 9 studied baseline CVDs.

Conclusions
Noncardiovascular death is common in people with CVD, although its contribution varies widely between people with different CVDs. Holistic and personalized care are likely to be important tools for continuing to improve outcomes in people with CVD.
Effect of cultivation media and temperature on metabolite profiles of three nematicidal Bacillus species
Authors: Horak Ilzé , Jansen van Rensburg Peet J. , Claassens Sarina 
Published: November 2021

Summary
Globally, root-knot nematode (RKN) infestations cause great financial losses. Although agrochemicals are used to manage these pests, there is increased interest in using biocontrol agents based on natural antagonistic microorganisms, such as Bacillus. These nematicidal bacteria demonstrate antagonism towards RKN through different modes of action, including specialised metabolite production. The aim of this study was to compare metabolite profiles of nematicidal Bacillus species and assess the influence of cultivation conditions on these profiles. Two hyphenated metabolomics platforms, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS), were employed to profile and compare metabolite features produced during the cultivation of three nematicidal Bacillus species (Bacillus firmus, B. cereus and B. soli) in complex Luria-Bertani broth (LB) and a simpler minimal broth (MB), at three different temperatures (25, 30 and 37°C). Cultivation in complex LB as opposed to simpler MB resulted in the production of more statistically significant metabolite features. Selected temperatures in this study did not have a significant influence on metabolite profiles. Moreover, media-specific influences outweighed temperature-specific influences on metabolite profiles. Results from this study are a valuable first step in establishing suitable cultivation conditions for the production of Bacillus metabolites of interest.
Capitalism and the Ecological Crisis: The Spirituality of Voluntary Sacrifice
Authors: Sihombing Hesron 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article seeks to consider the market fundamentalism inherent in global capitalism as the main cause and continual perpetuator of the climate crisis. Functioning in the market fundamentalism is the philosophical and theological grounds prevalent in the capitalistic system, such as desire, disconnectedness, anthropocentrism, individualism, and unilateral grace. This article analyzes some churches’ responses on climate change, especially the theological content concerning the economic system and its philosophy concerning the climate crisis. The call is made for the church to articulate a public theology that addresses the vexed relationship between the economic system and the climate crisis; there is an urgent need to embody the spirituality of voluntary sacrifice in order to challenge and provide an alternative to the underlying philosophical attitudes of the capitalist system for the planet’s sake.
Pour une histoire intellectuelle des organisations internationales : éléments de biographie collective
Authors: Dhermy-Mairal Marine 
Published: November 2021

Résumé
Cet article propose d’étudier les organisations internationales à travers le prisme de l’histoire intellectuelle, afin de saisir leur contribution à la transformation des savoirs économiques et sociaux. Le Bureau international du travail entre les années 1920 et 1939 est pris ici comme objet d’investigation. Après avoir montré que cet organisme international pouvait être considéré comme relevant d’un laboratoire de recherche scientifique, l’article décrit la diversité des trajectoires intellectuelles de l’ensemble des fonctionnaires de l’organisation et de la section statistique en particulier, et interroge la nature de leurs savoirs économiques. Il réduit ensuite la focale pour comparer deux articles rédigés par des économistes du bureau autour de la mesure du risque social, et montre l’existence manifeste de deux styles cognitifs distincts.
Prendre en compte des comptes : Scribes, tablettes cunéiformes et historiens du Proche-Orient ancien
Authors: Chambon Grégory 
Published: November 2021

Résumé
Bien que la documentation cunéiforme du Proche-Orient ancien soit composée essentiellement de textes administratifs, rédigés par les palais, les temples ou des particuliers, les pratiques de comptes en tant que telles ne suscitent en général pas l’intérêt des assyriologues. Ces derniers préfèrent traditionnellement subordonner leur étude à l’histoire quantitative ou bien à l’analyse archivistique. Pourtant, le programme d’histoire concrète de l’abstraction proposé par Jean-Claude Perrot invite à enquêter sur cet objet historique dans la perspective d’une histoire totale, où l’économique pourrait expliquer le social et le politique. Il s’agit de mener de front, d’une part, une démarche réflexive sur la conception de la comptabilité par les historiens mais également par les professionnels des sciences de gestion, et d’autre part, une approche émique qui prendrait en considération les modes d’intellection, le rapport à la matérialité et les motivations d’ordre social et politique des Anciens.
Horses and Habitations: Iron Age Rock Art from Fortified Hilltop Settlements in the Wadi Draa, Morocco
Authors: Bokbot Youssef , Fenwick Corisande , Mattingly David J. , Sheldrick Nichole , Sterry Martin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The article presents important results from the Middle Draa Project (MDP) in southern Morocco related to two mid-1st millennium CE hilltop settlements (hillforts) that were associated with significant rock art assemblages. The combination of detailed survey and radiocarbon dating of these remarkable sites provides a unique window on the Saharan world in which the pecked engravings, predominantly of horses, were produced. As the horse imagery featured on the walls of buildings within the settlement, the radiocarbon dating around the mid-1st millennium CE can also be applied in this instance to the rock art. The rarity of rock art of this period within habitation sites is also discussed and it is argued that its occurrence at both these locations indicates that they had some special social or sacred significance for their occupants. While it is commonplace for rock art of this era, featuring horses and camels, to be attributed by modern scholars to mobile pastoralists, a further argument of the paper is that the desert societies were in a period of transformation at this time, with the development of oases. The association of the rock art imagery with sedentary settlements, where grain was certainly being processed and stored, is thus an additional new element of contextual information for the widespread Saharan images of horses and horse and riders.