bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of spatial distribution models to predict subtidal burying habitat of the forage fish Ammodytes personatus in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Robinson Clifford L.K. , Proudfoot Beatrice , Rooper Christopher N. , Bertram Douglas F. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

The Pacific sand lance (Ammodytes personatus) is a key forage species for many commercially important fish (e.g. salmon and groundfish), marine birds, and whales found in nearshore coastal waters of British Columbia, Canada.
Sand lance lack a swim bladder and have a requirement for low‐silt, medium‐coarse sandy sea‐bed habitat for burying. Little information is available describing the distribution of burying habitat, partly because there are no commercial fisheries for A. personatus in British Columbia.
This information is required by habitat and wildlife managers to identify and protect uncommon patches of burying habitats from detrimental activities, including dredging, infilling, and oil spills.
In this study, habitat distribution results from five suitability modelling algorithms were evaluated: maximum entropy, generalized linear model, generalized additive model, random forest, and an ensemble model of the latter three.
The maximum entropy model had the highest performance score (area under the receiver operator characteristic curve was 0.78) and was selected as the model that most accurately identified the presence of suitable A. personatus burying habitat.
Model results indicate that suitable burying habitat is primarily influenced by derived sea‐bed substrate, distance to estuary, distance to sand‐gravel beaches, and bottom sea temperature.
Overall, the spatial modelling identified only 105 km2 of highly suitable sand lance burying habitat, or 2.6% of the study area (0–150 m), primarily in Haro Strait, along the east coast of Vancouver Island, and in northern regions of the strait near Cortes, Savary, and Harwood islands.
Identification of this uncommon and patchy burying habitat will contribute to the ongoing conservation of an important coastal prey species.
Prediction of potential freshwater pearl mussel habitat aids in discovery of a large population of Margaritifera laevis in Iturup Island, Russia
Authors: Popov Igor 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Freshwater pearl mussels (family Margaritiferidae) are sensitive to human impact and environmental changes. Large declines in their abundance have prompted studies of distribution and estimations of population densities.
Iturup Island, a part of Kuril Islands, Russia, is considered to be within the distribution area of freshwater pearl mussels, but this information is based on only two specimens collected several decades ago. Detailed survey of the island is challenging as most of its territory is nearly impassable.
A preliminary analysis of island rivers was carried out prior to the surveys to discover potential freshwater pearl mussel habitats. Based on previous experience from European Russia, freshwater pearl mussel habitat was expected to occur in rivers flowing out of lowland lakes.
Live individuals of Margaritifera laevis were found during surveys in one river together with the unionid Beringiana beringiana, which were also found in two other rivers where the predicted habitat occurred. Based on prediction and surveys, the occurrence of freshwater pearl mussels in other rivers of Iturup Island is unlikely.
Pearl mussels were concentrated in a small section of the Zmeika River with a population of about 100,000 mussels. Present threats to the population include overharvest of host fish masou salmon (Oncorhynchus masou).
Surveys using similar methods can help to reveal unknown freshwater mussel populations on other Kuril Islands and on the mainland.
Spawning aggregation behaviour in the Creole perch,Percichthys trucha(Percichthyidae): A target species for conservation
Authors: Fernández María Valeria , Macchi Patricio J. , Sosnovsky Alejandro , Zattara Eduardo E. , Lallement Mailén E. , Milano Daniela 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHabitat fragmentation and loss threaten freshwater biodiversity worldwide. Habitats that are essential as fish spawning and nursery sites are critical, and must be identified for conservation purposes. Littoral zones within Patagonian lakes, especially shallow vegetated areas, represent important areas for the Creole perch,Percichthys trucha.Spawning behaviour has been little studied, so it is not known whether these movements are performed in groups. A particular area of a deep lake in northern Patagonia was studied to identify the environmental conditions under which spawning occurs, and to analyse spawning aggregation behaviour in relation to the lunar cycle.To identify spawning sites, spawning occurrence time, and the environmental parameters that determine it, fish capture data were analysed. Underwater cameras were also set up at three depth strata in the shallow zone to detect spawning aggregation behaviour. Aggregation was scored as the greatest number of individuals present in a single frame, and the number present per depth stratum. The relationship between the lunar cycle and Creole perch abundance by depth was then determined.This is the first visual record of a spawning bed and the spawning aggregation behaviour of Creole perch in Patagonian lakes. The abundance of mature Creole perch in the shallow strata during the austral spring suggests that vegetated areas constitute spawning sites. Spawning aggregation takes place at a shallow depth 2 days before the full moon.As the reproductive behaviours of Creole perch are important phenomena in the life history of the species, the results of this study have important implications for conservation and management.
Teamwork Makes the Dream Work on the Bois d'Arc Lake Program
Authors: Payne Adam , Bradley Greg , Butler Fain 
Published: September 2021

Key TakeawaysConstruction of Bois d'Arc Lake, a US$1.6 billion program in north Texas, required a strategic approach to quality control, quality assurance, field management, and inspection.Using a five‐package construction approach, the North Texas Municipal Water District has been able to break down the reservoir construction program into manageable projects.While the construction program has been largely successful, lessons learned include establishing quality assurance processes early and determining document control processes.
The antibacterial mechanism of perilla rosmarinic acid
Authors: Zhang Jinhua , Cui Xin , Zhang Min , Bai Baoqing , Yang Yukun , Fan Sanhong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRosmarinic acid (RosA) is a phenolic acid compound extracted from perilla. In this experiment, the Oxford cup method was used to verify the antibacterial activity of PerillaRosA against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, and Bacillus subtilis. By polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the effect of RosA on bacterial nucleic acid and bacterial Na+/K+‐ATP‐ase activity, and scanning electron microscope to exploration of its antibacterial mechanism preliminarily. The results showed that RosA had antibacterial properties against all four bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of E. coli were 0.8 and 0.9 mg/ml, respectively. The MIC and MBC of Salmonella were 0.9 and 1.0 mg/ml, respectively. The MIC and MBC of S. aureus and B. subtilis were both 1.0 and 1.1 mg/ml. RosA has the bacteriostasis function, which can destroy bacterial cells and cell proteins and inhibit the activity of Na+/K+‐ATP‐ase in cells.
Spectroscopic and computational studies on the binding interaction between gallic acid and Pin1
Authors: Zhu Guo Fei , Lyu Shao Li , Liu Yang , Ma Chao , Wang Wang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGallic acid (GA) is a natural ingredient in functional foods, which has various health‐promoting and antitumour effects. Peptidyl‐prolyl cis/trans isomerase Pin1 plays an important role in preventing the development of some malignant tumours. However, whether there was an interaction between Pin1 and GA remains unknown. In this work, the binding information of GA and Pin1 was investigated systematically using multiple spectral and computational methods. GA bound to Pin1 directly with moderate binding affinity in the order of 104 mol/L, therefore decreasing the activity of Pin1. Also, the binding process of GA to Pin1 was driven through weak van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonds, and electrostatic forces. In addition, the important residues Lys63, Arg68, and Arg69 played a significant role in maintaining the binding stability between Pin1 and GA. Interestingly, GA reduced the activity of Pin1 by affecting its conformational characteristics. Our present work showed that GA binds to Pin1 and inhibits its activity, affecting its structural and functional properties, which may contribute to the therapy of Pin1‐related diseases.
Cognitive impairment and all‐cause mortality among Chinese adults aged 80 years or older
Authors: Li Yaxi , Jiang Heng , Jin Xurui , Wang Huali , Ji John S. , Yan Lijing L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe oldest‐old (aged ≥80 years) are the fastest growing population segment and age is related to cognitive impairment. We aimed to estimate the association between cognitive impairment and all‐cause mortality, in addition to the relationship with different cognitive subdomains among the oldest‐old in China.MethodsWe analyzed 25,285 participants recruited from 22 out of 30 provinces in the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) from 1998 to 2008, with mortality follow‐up until 2014. Cognitive function was measured by the Chinese‐version 30‐item Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), classified as no (MMSE score: 25–30), mild (18–24), moderate (10–17), and severe (0–9) impairment. We used time‐dependent Cox model to evaluate the relationship between time‐varying cognition and mortality.ResultsThe relationship between cognition and mortality showed a dose–response pattern among the overall population. Compared to those with no impairment, participants with moderate (HR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.28–1.56) and severe (HR = 1.77, 95% CI 1.59–1.96) cognitive impairment showed increased mortality risk. Impairment in the subdomain of orientation was independently associated with increased mortality risk (HR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.05–1.36) among participants without overall cognitive impairment. Urban and rural residents had similar mortality risk.ConclusionsA consistent dose–response pattern existed between cognitive impairment and all‐cause mortality. Orientation was associated with mortality in the population without cognitive impairment. Similar mortality regardless of residence areas indicated scarce health care and treatment for cognitive impairment in China from 1998 to 2014.
Community identity profiles and COVID‐19‐related community participation
Authors: Wang Xiangkun , Yang Zhixu , Xin Ziqiang , Wu Yuntena , Qi Shisan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPrior studies have revealed that community identity promotes participation. However, it remains unclear whether heterogenous community identity profiles emerged and how they differed in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)‐related community participation. Thus, the current study used a person‐oriented approach to address these issues. A total of 1,083 Chinese residents participated in a national online survey in mid‐March 2020. A latent profile analysis found that residents belonged in one of four community identity profiles: Strong identifiers (43.7%), function‐dominant identifiers (25.0%), emotion‐dominant identifiers (19.8%) and weak identifiers (11.5%). The strong identifiers profile showed the most positive COVID‐19‐related community management attitude and the highest participation intention and participation behaviour among the four profiles. Compared with strong identifiers, other profiles displayed less positive management attitude and lower participation intention and, in turn, exhibited less participation behaviour. The findings can help community organizers and administrators design intervention programs targeting specific subgroups amid the COVID‐19 pandemic. Please refer to the Supplementary Materials section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Placenta accreta in the first trimester: A case report
Authors: De Gennaro Elena , Orsaria Maria , Driul Lorenza 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPlacenta accreta is a severe complication of pregnancy normally diagnosed during the second trimester. Early detection could reduce the risk of hemorrhage during abortion or miscarriage; however, guidelines on first‐trimester diagnosis are lacking. We describe a case of placenta accreta during the first trimester with its sonographic and histological features.
A novel mutation in the glutaryl‐CoA dehydrogenase gene (GCDH) in an Iranian patient affected with Glutaric acidemia type 1
Authors: Rayat Sima , Morovvati Saeid 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOur findings revealed the mutation c.536T>C (p. Leu179Pro) in GCDH gene although has not been reported so far, but the in‐silico analysis and clinical symptoms of the patient indicated that the mutation is pathogenic full stop. Also, it can be diagnosed and prevented in families affected by the disease.
Higher‐risk myelodysplastic syndrome in an elderly patient: Long‐term partial remission with low‐dose prednisone, G‐CSF, and epoetin alfa
Authors: Islam Anwarul 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCurrently, most patients with higher‐risk MDS are treated with 5‐azacitidine or decitabine. These agents are toxic. The treatment described here is safe, devoid of toxicity, fosters improved quality of life, and helps reduce transfusion requirements.
Engineering Pt Nanoparticles onto Resin‐Derived Iron and Nitrogen Co‐Doped Porous Carbon Nanostructure Boosts Oxygen Reduction Catalysis
Authors: Liao Wei , Zhou Shangyan , Wang Zhengcheng , Liu Fei , Pan Hongyan , Xie Tian , Wang Qingmei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe high cost and deficiency of long‐term durability of carbon supported Pt catalysts have been regarded as obstacle that impeding their practical proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) technologies. Furtherly, iron and nitrogen co‐doped carbons (Fe/NC) are emerging as a steady electrocatalyst. Unfortunately, there are less‐active sites in acidic electrolyte. Herein, combining the advantages of Fe/NC and Pt catalysts, we propose an in‐situ surfactant‐free self‐templating solution reduction strategy to construct Pt nanoparticles (NPs) onto well‐devised Fe/NC porous nanostructures in order to manufacture highly performing Pt−Fe/NC catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The obtained Pt−Fe/NC catalyst displays excellent ORR performance, realizing an account of 2.53 improvement in specific activity and an account of 1.20 strengthening in mass activity toward ORR compared to the commercial Pt/C catalysts. Stability tests confirm that the as‐synthesized Pt−Fe/NC catalyst is more electrochemically steady than the commercial Pt/C catalysts on account of the electronic interaction between Pt and N which result from the difference in electronegativity. Our work provides a promising strategy for exploring the accomplishment of better ORR in acid electrolytes.
Pre‐emergence herbicides, not carrier volume, impacted weed management in conventional tillage systems
Authors: Striegel Sarah , DeWerff Ryan P. , Arneson Nicholas J. , Oliveira Maxwel C. , Werle Rodrigo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe use of pre‐emergence (PRE) herbicides is resurging as a standard practice for weed management in corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in the U.S. north‐central region. The increased use of PRE herbicides warrants investigation on the impact of spray carrier volume on weed control. Field experiments were established at Arlington, WI, in 2018 and 2019 and Janesville, WI, in 2018 to evaluate the influence of carrier volume on weed control of PRE herbicides in conventional tilled corn and soybean. Each experiment included three PRE herbicide premixes applied at crop planting at five carrier volumes (2.5, 5, 10, 15, and 17.5 gal acre−1). A nontreated control was also included in the experiment. Carrier volume did not influence weed control but PRE herbicide selection did. In corn, acetochlor + clopyralid + mesotrione and bicyclopyrone + mesotrione + S‐metolachlor provided 10–13% better annual grass, common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), and giant ragweed (A. trifida L.) control than fluthiacet‐methyl + pyroxasulfone. In soybean, dimethenamid‐P + saflufenacil resulted in similar common ragweed control as the flumioxazin + pyroxasulfone treatment (79–85%), and 6 and 14% higher annual grass control and biomass reduction, respectively, compared to metribuzin + chlorimuron‐ethyl at Arlington. At Janesville, due to the high giant ragweed density in soybean, all herbicide treatments provided low levels of giant ragweed control (48–56%). Results from these field experiments suggest that lower carrier volumes could be used for PRE herbicide applications without compromising weed control in conventional tillage systems.
Accessing Extended Fused Isoindolinones Via Sequential Anionic Intramolecular Cyclizations
Authors: Infante Genesis , Eisler Sara 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSequential anionic intramolecular cyclizations and modelling were used for the first time to access unusual fused heterocyclic frameworks in excellent yields. 5‐Exo‐digcyclizations yielded isoindolinone motifs and a subsequent 6‐exo‐ and 7‐endo‐digcyclization was directed to provide either fused isoquinoline or azepine frameworks. Regioselectivities were controlled by exploiting stereoelectronic effects via nC−→π*(Ph)interactions, and modelling studies provided reaction scope.
Rücklaufmengen und Verwertungswege von Altbatterien aus Elektromobilen in Deutschland
Authors: Glöser‐Chahoud Simon , Huster Sandra , Rosenberg Sonja , Schultmann Frank 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDie Elektromobilität wird als Schlüsseltechnologie zur Senkung der CO2‐Emissionen im Straßenverkehr gesehen. In der Diskussion um die Klimabilanz der Elektromobilität wird allerdings der hohe ökologische Fußabdruck in der Herstellung batterieelektrischer Fahrzeuge wenig adressiert, der sich insb. durch die ressourcenintensive Traktionsbatterie ergibt. Neben der Bereitstellung von regenerativem Ladestrom ist eine effiziente Kreislaufführung der Batteriematerialien und eine möglichst lange Nutzung der Batteriesysteme und Komponenten Voraussetzung für die nachhaltige Gestaltung der Elektromobilität. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick zur kreislaufwirtschaftlichen Wertschöpfungskette von obsoleten Traktionsbatterien aus Elektromobilen. Mithilfe eines systemdynamischen und eines ereignisdiskreten Simulationsansatzes werden zukünftige Rücklaufmengen obsoleter Traktionsbatterien auf Basis aktueller Diffusionsszenarien abgeschätzt sowie unterschiedliche Verwertungsoptionen von 2nd‐Life‐Konzepten bis hin zu alternativen Recyclingverfahren dargestellt und diskutiert.
Effect of Solvophilic Chain Length in PISA Particles on Pickering Emulsion†
Authors: Zeng Min , Zhou Shuo , Sui Xiaofeng , Yuan Jinying 
Published: September 2021

Main observation and conclusionThe morphology of polymeric nanoparticles prepared by polymerization‐induced self‐assembly (PISA) is depended on the degree of polymerization of the solvophilic and solvophobic blocks. Herein, a series of poly (N,N‐dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)‐b‐poly (benzyl methacrylate) (PDMA‐b‐PBzMA) diblock copolymer spherical nanoparticles were synthesized via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) mediated PISA. These diblock copolymer nanoparticles are with nearly the same hydrodynamic size and solvophobic chain length, but with different solvophilic chain length. We used these nanoparticles to stabilize the oil‐in‐water Pickering emulsion. We find that the stability of Pickering emulsion increases with the length of solvophilic chain of the nanoparticles. Moreover, the droplet size of the Pickering emulsion can be tailored by varying the oil/water ratio and concentration of nanoparticles.
Plasma catecholamine levels in the acute and subacute stages of takotsubo syndrome: Results from the Stockholm myocardial infarction with normal coronaries 2 study
Authors: Y‐Hassan Shams , Sörensson Peder , Ekenbäck Christina , Lundin Magnus , Agewall Stefan , Brolin Elin Bacsovics , Caidahl Kenneth , Cederlund Kerstin , Collste Olov , Daniel Maria , Jensen Jens , Hofman‐Bang Claes , Lyngå Patrik , Maret Eva , Sarkar Nondita , Spaak Jonas , Winnberg Oscar , Ugander Martin , Tornvall Per , Henareh Loghman 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsIt is well‐accepted that takotsubo syndrome (TS) is characterized by a massive surge of plasma catecholamines despite lack of solid evidence. The objective of this study was to examine the hypothesis of a massive catecholamine elevation in TS by studying plasma‐free catecholamine metabolites in patients participating in the Stockholm myocardial infarction (MI) with normal coronaries 2 (SMINC‐2) study where TS constituted more than one third of the patients.Methods and resultsThe patients included in the SMINC‐2 study were classified, according to cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging findings (148 patients), which was performed at a median of 3 days after hospital admission. Plasma‐free catecholamine metabolites; metanephrine, normetanephrine, and methoxy‐tyramine were measured on day 2–4 after admission. Catecholamine metabolite levels were available in 125 patients. One hundred and ten (88%) of the 125 patients included in SMINC‐2 study, and 38 (86.4%) of the 44 patients with TS had completely normal plasma metanephrine and normetanephrine levels. All patients had normal plasma methoxy‐tyramine levels. Fourteen (11.2%) of the 125 patients included in SMINC‐2 study, and 5 (11.6%) of the 43 patients with TS had mild elevations (approximately 1.2 times the upper normal limits) of either plasma metanephrine or normetanephrine. One patient with pheochromocytoma‐triggered TS had marked elevation of plasma metanephrine and mild elevation of plasma normetanephrine. There were no significant differences between the number or degree of catecholamine metabolite elevations between the different groups of patients with CMR imaging diagnosis included in SMINC‐2 study.ConclusionThere was no evidence of massive catecholamine elevations in the acute and subacute stages of TS apart from one patient with pheochromocytoma‐induced TS. Most of the TS patients had normal catecholamine metabolites indicating that blood‐borne catecholamines do not play a direct role in the pathogenesis of TS.
Shorting attack: Predatory, destructive short selling on Proof‐of‐Stake cryptocurrencies
Authors: Lee Suhyeon , Kim Seungjoo 
Published: September 2021

SummaryBitcoin introduced blockchain which is the transparent and decentralized way of recording the lists of digital currency transactions. Bitcoin's blockchain uses Proof‐of‐Work as a Sybil control mechanism. However, PoW wastes energy since it uses hash computing competitions to find a block. Hence, various alternative mechanisms have been proposed. Among them, Proof‐of‐Stake, which is based on the deposit, has been spotlighted. As opposed to Proof‐of‐Work, Proof‐of‐Stake requires nodes to have a certain amount of tokens (stake) in order to qualify to validate blocks. The “one‐sentence philosophy” of proof of stake is not “security comes from burning energy,” but rather “security comes from putting up economic value‐at‐loss.” In this article, contrary to popular belief, we point out that this value‐at‐loss can be hedged by short selling or other financial products. We propose a “shorting attack,” which makes a profit by massive short selling and sabotage to a Proof‐of‐Stake‐based cryptocurrency. The shorting attack implies that the security of Proof‐of‐Stake‐based cryptocurrency can be vulnerable by a low stake ratio.