bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anemia Can Predict the Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer in the Pre-Operative Stage: A Retrospective Analysis.
Authors: Gvirtzman Rotem , Livovsky Dan Meir , Tahover Esther , Goldin Eran , Koslowsky Benjamin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) improves prognosis, yet many CRCs are diagnosed following symptoms. The aim of this study was to determine which CRC-related symptoms or signs can predict an advanced CRC in the pre-operative stage.Methods: Retrospective analysis of 300 patients who underwent surgery for CRC between the years 2008-2019. Patients' symptoms prior to CRC diagnosis were documented. Primary endpoint was the association of signs or/and symptoms with CRC diagnosis at TNM stages of 2-4 (i.e. highly advanced), compared to TNM score of 0-1 (i.e. locally advanced).Results: 300 patients, 91 with locally advanced and 209 with highly advanced CRC, were enrolled. There was a significant correlation between highly advanced CRC, compared to locally advanced, regarding tumor size (4.8 vs. 2.6 cm, p<0.001), presentation of any symptom prior to diagnosis (77% vs. 54%, p<0.001), anemia (46% vs. 29%, p=0.004), and severe anemia (17% vs. 4%, p=0.002). Mean Hemoglobin was 12.2 ± 2.2 and 13.1 ± 1.8 in the highly advanced compared to locally advanced CRC, respectively, p<0.001. Anemia correlated with the T stage of the tumor: 21% of patients diagnosed at stages 0-1 had anemia, 39% at stage 2, 44% at stage 3 and 66% at stage 4 (p=0.001).Conclusions: Anemia is the only finding that correlates with highly advanced CRC, in the pre- operative stage. Physicians should be aware that when anemia is present, the risk for highly advanced CRC increases, and therefore insist to pursue with CRC detection.
Theoretical Analysis of the Variation of Hydraulic Pressure in Cracks Under Uniaxial Compression of Water-saturated Rock Pillar
Authors: YANG Mengze , HUANG Houxu , YANG Yu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In order to analyse the variation of hydraulic pressure in cracks of water-saturated rock pillar under uniaxial compression,taking the water-saturated rock pillar as the research object,in which the cracks are divided into two types: longitudinal crack and inclined crack, and the elastic-brittle plastic model is used to describe the mechanical behavior of rock. Assuming that the long axial direction of the crack is consistent with the axial direction of the rock pillar, the expression of tensile stress in the direction perpendicular to the long axial direction of the crack under axial compression is derived by using Maxwell model and Inglis formula. Simplifying the crack to flat elliptic, clinical hydraulic pressure in the case of tensile shear failure and compressive shear damage of the cracks are deduced, and the distribution of clinical hydraulic pressure in uniaxial compression cracks with different growth pattern is analysed. The results show that with the propagation of cracks, the clinical hydraulic pressure near the tip is approach to zero, and in case of hydraulic fracturing, the extension should exhibit the characteristic of discontinuity.
Exosomal microRNA-let-7b-5p Derived From Pancreatic Cancer Cells Possibly Promotes Insulin Resistance in C2C12 Myotube Cells by Targeting SLC6A15
Authors: Wang Lantian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background Cancers trigger systemic metabolic disorder usually associated glucose intolerance, which as initial apparent phenomenon. One of the features of pancreatic cancer (PC) metabolic reprogramming is the crosstalk between PC and peripheral tissues (skeletal muscle and adipose tissues), emphasized by insulin resistance (IR). In our previous study (Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):5384), we reported that mice pancreatic cancer derived exosomes could induce skeletal muscle cells(C2C12) IR and exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) may exert an important effect. This work was carried out to investigate whether there exist a direct functional relationship between PC exosomal miRNAs and C2C12 cell genes, in the pathological process of IR.Methods The expression profiles of exosomal miRNAs were evaluated using the Agilent Mouse miRNA V21.0 chip (GSE95741). The differentially expressed genes were screened through Agilent SurePrint G3 Mouse GE V2.0 chip (GSE174058). TargetScan and miRbase databases were used for target genes prediction and the prediction results were verified by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay.Results The biochips (GSE95741 and GSE174058) revealed that exosomes derived from mouse pancreatic cancer cells had higher levels of miRNA-let-7b-5p (Log FC 8.6); SLC6A15 gene expression was down-regulated in C2C12 cells (Log FC -4.7). Related mice and human studies has showed that SLC6A15 is associated with IR of metabolic disorder. In this work, luciferase assays confirmed that a direct interaction between miRNA-let-7b-5p and the SLC6A15 3΄-untranslated region (3΄-UTR) was established, as predicted by the TargetScan and miRbase.Conclusions Our data suggest that exosomal miRNA-let-7b-5p may promote IR in C2C12 myotube cells targeting SLC6A15.
WITHDRAWN: Exploring the Ethical Constructs of Dental Patients to Guide Dental Ethics Teaching
Authors: Imtiaz Muhammad , Mahboob Usman , Khan Rehan Ahmed , Yasmeen Rahila 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundDental ethics as a construct is mostly developed based on the ethics theory and experiences of professionals. Dental patients, as a stakeholder can guide us about their ethical constructs thereby curriculum developer can contextualize ethics to the local needs. The purpose of this study is to explore the ethical constructs of dental patients to guide dental ethical teaching. MethodsA grounded theory approach, inspired by the socio-constructivist paradigm was used for data collection. The duration of the study was six months and non-probability, purposive, convenience, theoretical sampling was used. Dental patients visiting the various department of dental colleges in Lahore, Pakistan were interviewed to explore their ethical constructs and thematic analysis was done. ResultsNineteen dental patients were interviewed. Three themes were derived from four hundred and sixty-two codes. Three themes were: dental patient ethical constructs, dental ethics teaching, and ethical context. Under these themes, honesty, good communication ethics and respect for patients were the main ethical constructs of dental patients. Dental patient also emphasized effective ethics teaching and assessment. Finally, for the dental patient, religion and economic condition were two main contextual factors effecting ethical construct. ConclusionDental patient desire honesty, good communication ethics, and respect for patient from dental students. The patient defined ethical context and ethical constructs may help curriculum developer to contextualize and emphasize dental ethics teaching. Religion and the financial aspect are the two contextual factors effecting ethical construct that play key roles.
Assessing the Relative Importance of Key Quality of Life Dimensions for People With and Without a Disability: an Empirical Ranking Comparison Study.
Authors: Crocker Matthew , Hutchinson Claire , Mpundu-Kaambwa Christine , Walker Ruth , Chen Gang , Ratcliffe Julie 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: In economic evaluation, the quality of life of people with a disability has traditionally been assessed by applying established generic preference-based measures. To provide robust measurement of the effectiveness of programs designed to improve the quality of life of people living with a disability, preference-based measures need to be sufficiently sensitive to detect incremental changes in the quality of life dimensions that are most important to people who have a disability.Methods: An online survey was developed and administered Australia wide to two different population samples. The first sample (n = 410) comprised adults (aged 18 years and above) with a disability (n = 208) and family carers of person/s with a disability (n = 202). The second sample included adults (aged 18 years and above) without disability (n = 443). Respondents were asked to rank the importance of 12 quality of life dimensions extracted from the content of established preference based quality of life measures (EQ-5D, AQoL and ASCOT) in terms of their relative importance to their overall quality of life. The results were combined, and the preference rankings between groups were compared.Results: People with a disability placed relatively higher importance on broader quality of life dimensions (e.g. Control, Independence, Self-care) relative to health status focused dimensions (e.g. Vision, Hearing, Physical mobility), whereas these two dimension categories were less clearly differentiable for the ‘without disability’ group. The biggest differences between the groups in what dimensions were ranked as the most important (i.e. 1st preference) were in: Vision (‘with disability’ = 10th, ‘without disability’ = 4th), Self-care (‘with disability’ = 3rd, ‘without disability’ = 7th) and Mental well-being (‘with disability’ = 6th, ‘without disability’ = 2nd) Conclusions: Quality of life preferences for people with a disability differ to those without a disability. As quality of life is a key outcome for economic evaluation and for assessing the impact of disability care policy and practice in Australia and internationally, it is important that new preference-based measures of quality of life are developed which are sufficiently sensitive to and incorporate the quality of life preferences of people with a disability.
Catching the Main Ethiopian Rift Evolving Towards Plate Divergence
Authors: Nicotra Eugenio , Viccaro Marco , Donato Paola , Acocella Valerio , Rosa Rosanna 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Magmatism accompanies rifting along divergent plate boundaries, although its role before continental breakup remains poorly understood. For example, the magma-assisted Northern Main Ethiopian Rift (NMER) lacks current volcanism and clear tectono-magmatic relationships with its contiguous rift portions. Here we define its magmatic behaviour, identifying the most recent eruptive fissures (EF) whose aphyric basalts have a higher Ti content than those of older monogenetic scoria cones (MSC), which are porphyritic and plagioclase-dominated. Despite the similar parental melt, EF and MSC magmas underwent different evolutionary processes. While MSC magmas were stored at intermediate crustal levels, EF magmas rose directly from the Moho without contamination, even below older polygenetic volcanoes, suggesting rapid propagation of transcrustal dikes across solidified magma chambers. Whether this recent condition in the NMER is stable or transient, it highlights a transition from central polygenetic to linear fissure volcanism, indicative of increased tensile conditions and volcanism directly fed from the Moho, suggesting transition towards mature rifting.
Metro Stations as Crowd-shipping Catalysts: An Empirical and Computational Study
Authors: Filippi Carlo , Plebani Francesca 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Crowd-shipping is a promising shared mobility service that involves the delivery of goods using non-professional shippers. This service is mainly intended to reduce congestion and pollution in city centers but, as some authors observe, in most crowd-shipping initiatives the crowd rely on private motorized vehicles and hence the environmental benefits could be small, if not negative. Conversely, a crowd-shipping service relying on public transport should maximize the environmental benefits. Motivated by this observation, in this study we assess the potentials of crowd-shipping based on metro commuters in the city of Brescia, Italy. Our contribution is twofold. First, we analyze the results of a survey conducted among metro users to assess their willingness to act as crowd-shippers. The main result is that most young commuters and retirees are willing to be crowd-shippers even for a null reward. Second, we assess the potential economic impact of using metro-based crowd-shipping coupled with a traditional home delivery service. To this end, we formulate a variant of the VRP model where the customers closest to the metro stations may be served either by a conventional vehicle or by a crowd-shipper. The model is implemented using Python with Gurobi solver. A computational study based on the Brescia case is performed to get insights on the economic advantages that a metro-based crowd delivery option may have for a retailing company.
IgE-Mediated Hypersensitivity in Two Pediatric Patients After Intraoperative Bacitracin Irrigation
Authors: Droghini Harris Richard , Slack Ian , Lierl Michelle 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Bacitracin is a common topical antibiotic that is also used for tissue irrigation in the operative setting. While bacitracin is generally well tolerated, Twelve reports of anaphylaxis to intraoperative applications have been published, all in adults.Case presentation: Here, we present the first reported cases of intraoperative Immunoglobulin E-mediated hypersensitivity to bacitracin irrigation in the pediatric population. Both cases were corroborated by allergy testing. Case 1 is a 10 year old male who had surgery to remove an infected tissue expander placed in setting of trauma from motor vehicle accident. Case 2 is a 6 year old female with history of spina bifida who underwent vesicostomy recreation.Conclusions: Bacitracin should be considered a potential occult allergen in the perioperative setting in both adult and pediatric populations.
[18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-sorbitol PET Imaging for Quantitative Estimation of Blood-brain Barrier Permeability in vivo
Authors: Hugon Gaelle , Goutal Sébastien , Dauba Ambre , Breuil Louise , Winkeler Alexandra , Novell Anthony , Tournier Nicolas 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose The non-transported and non-metabolized sorbitol derivative [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-sorbitol ([18F]FDS) can be straightforwardly obtained from chemical reduction of commercial [18F]2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose. [18F]FDS was evaluated as a small-molecule (paracellular) marker of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity for PET. Methods Five mice underwent focused ultrasound (FUS) to generate spatially controlled BBB disruption in the right hemisphere. PET kinetics of [18F]FDS in each brain hemisphere were described by a 1-tissue compartment model using an image-derived input function. Results BBB disruption resulted in a 2.4±0.8-fold increase in the brain distribution (VT, p<0.01) of [18F]FDS. Enhanced brain uptake was associated with an increase in the influx transfer rate K1 (+1.4±0.7-fold, p<0.05) and a decrease in the efflux transfer rate k2 (-1.7±0.4-fold, p<0.01). Conclusion Thanks to the quantitative performance of PET compared with other neuroimaging techniques, [18F]FDS PET and kinetic modelling provides a readily available and sensitive method for non-invasive determination of different levels of BBB permeability in vivo.
Ophthalmology Education Leadership Attitudes Towards Gender-specific Mentorship
Authors: Paul Megan , Dweck Monica , Chadha Nisha 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background:Despite relatively equal gender representation among US medical students, a gender gap exists in female representation within academic medicine. Numerous studies have emphasized the influence of gender-specific mentors in medical students' career decisions, but this has not been explored fully in ophthalmology. Therefore, this study evaluated ophthalmology educators’ attitudes towards gender-specific mentorship, to better understand how this relates to medical students’ decision to enter the field and their career development.Methods:A 22-question survey was sent to AUPO Department Chairs, Residency Program Directors, and Medical Student Educators. Additionally, the gender breakdown of current AUPO members was determined through a review of the AUPO membership directory. The authors also compared the number of female students applying to ophthalmology residency with the number of female ophthalmology faculty using AUPO and AAMC workforce data. Student’s t-tests and chi square were used for analysis.Results:75 members responded (23.7%), including 17 of 135 Chairs (12.6%), 34 of 114 PDs (29.8%), and 30 of 72 MSEs (41.7%). Of AUPO members, 85.2% of Chairs, 67.5% of Program Directors, and 43% of MSEs are male. Of respondents, 55.4% identified as female and 44.6% as male.Male and female members had 47.9% and 47.6% female mentees, respectively, (p=0.451). However, 21.2% of male and 56.1% of female members agreed that a mentee of the same gender was important, (p<0.01). Furthermore, 13 of 40 female members (32.5%) reported having a significant female mentor themselves vs. 1 of 29 male members (3%), (p<0.05).Conclusions:Male and female AUPO members reported no difference in the ratio of female mentees. However, female members were more likely to feel gender-specific mentorship was important, suggesting room for further development of this resource. Expansion of gender-specific mentorship in ophthalmology can promote equity in training and help address the lack of female representation in academic leadership.
Effect of Cutting Parameters on Chips and Burrs Formation With Traditional Micromilling and Ultrasonic Vibration Assisted Micromilling
Authors: Yuan Zhonghang , Fang Bin , Zhang Yuanbin , Wang Fei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In the traditional micromilling(TMM) of Inconel718 alloy, due to the influence of material plasticity and size effect, relatively large burr will be produced. In order to solve the burr problem in micromilling, ultrasonic vibration in feed direction is applied to the workpiece to complete vibration cutting. Combined with trajectory simulation and cutting experiment, the burr formation mechanism of TMM and ultrasonic vibration assisted micromilling(UVAMM) was studied. The results show that when the ratio of amplitude(A) to feed per tooth(ƒz) is greater than 0.5, continuous cutting changes to intermittent cutting. Compared with TMM, UVAMM improves chip breaking ability, facilitates the propagation of burr crack and effectively inhibits the formation of burr. However, due to the influence of cutting edge radius, A/ƒz should be set larger. When the chip breaking condition is reached, the burr shape is usually tearing or flocculent. Under the conditions of low speed(n), large ƒz and large A, the burr suppression is more obvious.
Leucine supplementation during late gestation globally altered placental metabolism and nutrient transport via modulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway
Authors: Cui Chang , Wu Caichi , Zhu Pengwei , Wang Jun , Ma Ziwei , Zheng Xiaoyu , Guan Wutai , Zhang Shihai , Chen Fang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Our previous study found that sow dietary leucine supplementation signicicantly improved fetal intrauterine growth and newborn piglet birth weight. But we still have limited knowledge how leucine regulated placental functions to promote the nutrient supply to fetus to support its intrauterine development.
Methods

150 sows at day 90 of gestiation were divided into three groups and fed with either control diet (CON), CON + 0.4% Leu or CON + 0.8% Leu separately until parturition. Placental metabolomics, full spectrum amino acids and nutrient transporters were systematically analyzed.
Results

Leu supplementation lead to an altered placental metabolism with higher amount of metabolites related to glycolysis and fatty acids oxidatation, and more amino acids accumulation in placenta. Besides, nutrient transporters including amino acids transporters, glucose transporters and fatty acids transporters in placenta were globally enhanced and several enzymes related to energy metabolism including hexokinase, succinatede hydrogenase, lactated hydrogenase, glycogen phosphorylase and hydroxyaryl-CoA-dehydrogenase were significantly increased with no change in antioxidative status in the groups with Leu supplementation. Futhermore, Leu supplementation significantly increased phosphalation of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR in placenta compared with control group.
Conclusions

Leu supplementation during late gestation globally altered placental metabolism, nutrient transport (amino acids, glucose, and fatty acids) via modulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway.
Self-Controlling Photonic-on-Chip Networks With Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Do Nguyen , Truong Dung , Nguyen Duy , Hoai Minh , Pham Cuong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We present a novel photonic chip design for high bandwidth four-degree optical switches that support high-dimensional switching mechanisms with low insertion loss and low crosstalk in a low power consumption level and a short switching time. Such four-degree photonic chips can be used to build an integrated full-grid Photonic-on-Chip Network (PCN). With four distinct input/output directions, the proposed photonic chips are superior compared to the current bidirectional photonic switches, where a conventionally sizable PCN can only be constructed as a linear chain of bidirectional chips. Our four-directional photonic chips are more flexible and scalable for the design of modern optical switches, enabling the construction of multi-dimensional photonic chip networks that are widely applied for intra-chip communication networks and photonic data centers. More noticeably, our photonic networks can be self-controlling with our proposed Multi-Sample Discovery model, a deep reinforcement learning model based on Proximal Policy Optimization. On a PCN, we can optimize many criteria such as transmission loss, power consumption, and routing time, while preserving performance and scaling up the network with dynamic changes. Experiments on simulated data demonstrate the effectiveness and scalability of the proposed architectural design and optimization algorithm. Perceivable insights make the constructed architecture become the self-controlling photonic-on-chip networks.