bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global health in the era of sustainable development
Authors: Fleck Fiona 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of progress made in public health during the first two decades of the twenty-first century and charts the way forward to further improvements. It introduces the World Health Organization’s (WHO) current 5-year strategy, explains how this strategy is aligned with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and how impact will be measured at the national level. Based on the Sustainable Development Goals, the WHO has set its triple billion targets to achieve by 2023. These are: one billion more people benefitting from universal health coverage; one billion more people better protected from health emergencies; and one billion more people enjoying better health and well-being. Components of each of these goals are described here, and the chapter concludes with the cross-cutting areas of monitoring and evaluation, and data and innovation that are vital to achieving measurable health impact in every country, regardless of income level.
Detection of pairwise kSZ effect with DESI galaxy clusters and Planck
Authors: Chen Ziyang , Zhang Pengjie , Yang Xiaohu , Zheng Yi 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
We report a 5σ detection of the pairwise kinematic Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (kSZ) effect, combining galaxy clusters in DESI imaging surveys and the Planck temperature maps. The detection is facilitated by both improvements in the data and in the analysis method. For the data, we adopt the recently released DESI galaxy group catalog with ∼106 robustly identified groups, and construct various galaxy cluster samples for the kSZ measurement. The DESI group catalogue also provides estimation of halo mass, which further improves the kSZ measurement by $\sim 10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. For the analysis method, we derive an optimal estimator of pairwise kSZ through the maximum likelihood analysis. It also handles potential systematic errors self-consistently. The baseline cluster sample, containing the 1.2 × 105 richest galaxy clusters of typical mass ∼1014 M⊙/h at typical redshift 0.2–0.5, rules out the null hypothesis at 5σ. When fitting with a pairwise kSZ template from simulations, the signal is detected at 4.7σ and the average optical depth is constrained as $\bar{\tau }_e=(1.66\pm 0.35)\times 10^{-4}$. We perform various internal checks, with different cluster selection criteria, different sky coverage, and redshift range, different CMB maps, different filter sizes, different treatments of potential systematics, and the covariance matrix. The kSZ effect is consistently detected with 2.5 ≤S/N≤5.6 and acceptable $\chi ^2_{\rm min}$, across a variety of cluster samples. The S/N is limited by both the Planck resolution and the photo-z accuracy, and therefore, can be significant improved with DESI spectroscopic redshift information and with other CMB experiments.
The cosmic environment overtakes the local density in shaping galaxy star formation
Authors: Ren Jian , Pan Zhizheng , Zheng X Z , Qin Jianbo , Shi D D , Gonzalez Valentino , Bian Fuyan , Huang Jia-Sheng , Fang Min , Liu Wenhao , Wen Run , Zhang Yuheng , Qiao Man , Liu Shuang 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
The gas supply from the cosmic web is the key to sustain star formation in galaxies. It remains to be explored how the cosmic large-scale structure (LSS) effects on galaxy evolution at given local environments. We examine galaxy-specific star formation rate as a function of local density in a LSS at z = 0.735 in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South. The LSS is mapped by 732 galaxies with R &lt; 24 mag and redshift at 0.72 ≤ z ≤ 0.75 collected from the literature and our spectroscopic observations with Magellan/IMACS, consisting of five galaxy clusters/groups and surrounding filaments over an area of 23.9 × 22.7 co-moving Mpc2. The spread of spectroscopic redshifts corresponds a velocity dispersion of 494 km s−1, indicating the LSS likely to be a thin sheet with a galaxy density ≳ 3.9 times that of the general field. These clusters/groups in this LSS mostly exhibit elongated morphologies and multiple components connected with surrounding filaments. Strikingly, we find that star-forming galaxies in the LSS keep star formation at the same level as field, and show no dependence on local density but stellar mass. Meanwhile, an increasing fraction of quiescent galaxies is detected at increasing local density in both the LSS and the field, consistent with the expectation that galaxy mass and local dense environment hold the key to quench star formation. Combined together, we conclude that the cosmic environment of the LSS overtakes the local environment in remaining galaxy star formation to the level of the field.
On the origin of surprisingly cold gas discs in galaxies at high redshift
Authors: Kretschmer Michael , Dekel Avishai , Teyssier Romain 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
We address the puzzling observational indications for very ‘cold’ galactic discs at redshifts z ≳ 3, an epoch when discs are expected to be highly perturbed. Using a high-resolution cosmological zoom-in simulation, we identify such a cold disc at z ∼ 3.5, with a rotation velocity to velocity dispersion ratio of vϕ/σr ≃ 5 for the total gas. It forms as a result of a period of intense accretion of co-planar, co-rotating gas via cold cosmic-web streams. This thin disc survives for ∼5 orbital periods, after which it is disrupted by mergers and counter-rotating streams, longer but consistent with our estimate that a galaxy of this mass ($M_\star \sim 10^{10}\, \mathrm{M_\odot }$) typically survives merger-driven spin flips for ∼2–3 orbital periods. We find that vϕ/σr is highly sensitive to the tracer used to perform the kinematic analysis. While it is vϕ/σr ≃ 3.5 for atomic H i gas, it is vϕ/σr ≃ 8 for molecular CO and H2. This reflects the confinement of molecular gas to cold, dense clouds that reside near the disc mid-plane, while the atomic gas is spread into a turbulent and more extended thicker disc. The proposed mechanisms is a theoretical proposal that has not been validated yet with proper statistical measurements and it remains unclear whether it occurs frequently enough to explain the multiple discoveries of cold gas discs in high-z galaxies.
Identifying RR Lyrae in the ZTF DR3 data set
Authors: Huang Kuan-Wei , Koposov Sergey E 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
We present an RR Lyrae (RRL) catalogue based on the combination of the third data release of the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF DR3) and Gaia EDR3. We use a multistep classification pipeline relying on the Fourier decomposition fitting to the multiband ZTF light curves and random forest classification. The resulting catalogue contains 71 755 RRLs with period and light-curve parameter measurements and has a completeness of 0.92 and a purity of 0.92 with respect to the Specific Objects Study Gaia DR2 RRLs. The catalogue covers the Northern sky with declination ≥−28°, its completeness is ≳0.8 for heliocentric distance ≤80 kpc, and the most distant RRL is at 132 kpc. Compared with several other RRL catalogues covering the Northern sky, our catalogue has more RRLs around the Galactic halo and is more complete at low-Galactic latitude areas. Analysing the spatial distribution of RRL in the catalogue reveals the previously known major overdensities of the Galactic halo, such as the Virgo overdensity and the Hercules–Aquila Cloud, with some evidence of an association between the two. We also analyse the Oosterhoff fraction differences throughout the halo, comparing it with the density distribution, finding increasing Oosterhoff I fraction at the elliptical radii between 16 and 32 kpc and some evidence of different Oosterhoff fractions across various halo substructures.
ASAS J071404+7004.3 – a close, bright nova-like cataclysmic variable with gusty winds
Authors: Inight K , Gänsicke B T , Blondel D , Boyd D , Ashley R P , Knigge C , Long K S , Marsh T R , McCleery J , Scaringi S , Steeghs D , Thorstensen J R , Vanmunster T , Wheatley P J 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Despite being bright (V ≃ 11.8) and nearby (d = 212 pc) ASAS J071404+7004.3 has only recently been identified as a nova-like cataclysmic variable. We present time-resolved optical spectroscopy obtained at the Isaac Newton and the Hiltner and McGraw-Hill Telescopes, together with Swift X-ray and ultraviolet observations. We combined these with TESS photometry and find a period of 3.28 h and a mass transfer rate of $4\!-\!9\times 10^{-9}\, {\mathrm{M_{\odot }\, yr}^{-1}}$. Historical photometry shows at least one low state establishing the system as a VY Scl star. Our high-cadence spectroscopy also revealed rapidly changing winds emanating from the accretion disc. We have modelled these using the Monte Carlo python code and shown that all the emission lines could emanate from the wind – which would explain the lack of double-peaked lines in such systems. In passing, we discuss the effect of variability on the position of cataclysmic variables in the Gaia Hertzsprung–Russell diagram.
Tocilizumab for juvenile Takayasu arteritis complicated with acute heart failure at onset
Authors: Kanamori Keita , Ogura Masao , Ishikura Kenji , Ishiguro Akira , Ito Shuichi 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Chronic heart failure caused by aortic valve regurgitation is a common complication of Takayasu arteritis (TA). However, fewer patients develop acute heart failure (AHF), and no specific treatment for AHF in TA has been established. We encountered a 12-year-old girl with TA who developed AHF at the onset. We successfully treated her with intravenous methylprednisolone and tocilizumab. She developed palpitations and shortness of breath 3 weeks before admission. Her symptoms exacerbated rapidly and she finally entered the intensive care unit due to respiratory distress and tachycardia. Blood pressure measurements on the left arm and bilateral legs were paradoxically lower than that on the right arm. Chest X-ray revealed a severely enlarged heart. Contrast computed tomography showed an expanded aorta, aortic aneurysm, meandering, and irregular diameter of the aorta. The left ventricular ejection fraction was 20% on cardiac ultrasound. Her medical condition was finally diagnosed as TA with AHF. Along with inotropes and diuretics, methylprednisolone pulse therapy was administered on hospital days 2–4 and hospital days 12–14, followed by oral prednisolone. However, cardiac function was not notably improved. As intravenous cyclophosphamide therapy requires hydration and may exacerbate AHF, we initiated weekly subcutaneous tocilizumab treatment (162 mg/week) from hospital day 20. Inotropes were discontinued on hospital day 51 and her left ventricular ejection fraction had gradually improved to 37.5% at discharge (day 63). As AHF in TA is presumed to be due to inflammation of the myocardium, tocilizumab could be a treatment option for TA with AHF.
The Mediterranean Jewish Diaspora of Late Antiquity
Authors: Kraemer Ross S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
No known literary sources survive from Jews living in the Mediterranean diaspora from the early fourth to the end of the sixth century. Mining the writings of non-Jews (primarily Christians), late Roman laws, the physical remains of a few synagogues, donor inscriptions, and numerous epitaphs, this chapter sketches aspects of their lives, including geographic distribution, economics, participation in ancient civic life, communal organizations, communication between Jewish populations, and their possible homogeneity or diversity. It also examines the pressures exerted on Jews to convert to Christianity, including the destruction of synagogues and exclusions from public offices and elite professions, and considers both the efficacy of such pressures and possible Jewish responses.
Diaspora as Nation
Authors: Ray Jonathan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This chapter traces the evolution of the so-called “Eastern” Sephardic diaspora in its Mediterranean context from 1492 to the late twentieth century. It looks at the way in which these exiles and their descendants forged a new diasporic identity characterized by sprawling mercantile networks that linked Jews and Conversos, new forms of Judeo-Spanish, and a nostalgia for medieval Spain. At first, the mutual sense of estrangement between the refugees and the native Jews among whom they came to settle reinforced communal solidarity among the Sephardim. From the eighteenth to the twentieth centuries, the Mediterranean Sephardim adopted aspects of Ottoman, North African, and Italian culture, but succeeded in maintaining a distinct communal character amid a shifting set of political contexts and associations. During the twentieth century, the mass migration of Mediterranean Sephardim to the State of Israel helped recast them as “Eastern” Jews, or Mizrahim.
Jewish Food in the Diaspora
Authors: Ariel Ari 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This chapter uses foodways as a lens into the tension between Jewishness as an ethnicity and Judaism as a religion. While kashrut links Jews across the globe and may work to prevent assimilation, regional and ethnic food practices distinguish Jewish communities from one another and highlight Jewish integration into non-Jewish societies. Most obviously, Ashkenazi foodways are quite different from those of Sephardic and Middle Eastern Jews. This chapter argues that although there is no single Jewish cuisine, kashrut and holiday observance produce a structure through which foods are marked as Jewish in specific contexts. Foodways, therefore, call Jewishness into being while representing the diversity of the Jewish people.
Liturgical Music in the Jewish Tradition
Authors: Kligman Mark 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Music in the Jewish tradition is based on long-standing historic traditions and the influence of changing cultural surroundings as communities moved to new locations. This chapter begins by discussing textual sources, including biblical passages that describe the role of music in Jewish life and rabbinic sources that state music’s role during the ancient Temple service. Various regional traditions developed ranging from ancient Israel to communities throughout the Middle East, the Mediterranean, Spain, Europe, and the Americas. This chapter describes the practices of known liturgical musical traditions in Jewish communities of the last two hundred years, as these sources and documents allow us to best determine liturgical music in these contexts. The chapter focuses predominately on two main traditions—Ashkenazi and Sephardi/Mizrahi and three musical practices: cantillation, chant, and song.
Zionism and the Negation of the Diaspora
Authors: Engel David 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This chapter traces the origins and evolution of the idea that the welfare of Jews in the diaspora depends upon a strong Jewish presence in Palestine. The idea was initially generated out of a debate between Ahad Ha’am and Simon Dubnow over the prospects for developing a secular, “national” diaspora Jewish culture. Ahad Ha’am denied the possibility, insisting that only a “fixed center” in Palestine could weld dispersed Jews into a single cultural whole. Other Zionist spokesmen went farther, arguing that the diaspora was a source of physical danger or moral degeneracy that could be cured only by transplanting all the world’s Jews to Palestine. The chapter examines variations on this theme and the key texts in which they were introduced.
Reporting the Diaspora
Authors: Tsur Yaron 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This chapter presents a historical typology of Jewish periodicals, beginning with Moses Mendelsohn and his pupils in eighteenth century Germany. Two main trajectories, distinguished by the extent of the periodicals’ openness to the surrounding society, characterized the development of the Jewish press—that of Western Jewish communities, on the one hand, and that of Eastern Europe and the Middle East and North Africa, on the other. Dividing modern and contemporary Jewish history into two periods of demographic turmoil (1880–-1945 and 1947–-2000), the chapter surveys the evolution of the Jewish press in various parts of the diaspora, paying particular attention to the role of demographic transformations in these developments.
Public Sculpture and Social Practice in the Roman Republic
Authors: Di Cesare Riccardo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This chapter examines the production, function, and social use of public sculpture during the Roman Republic (509–27 bce). After an historical introduction, it focuses on the active interaction of plastic arts with the viewer and the different levels of meaning and understanding, surveying the types, subjects, and materials and the intent (honorary, commemorative, votive, funerary, or cult images) of republican sculpture. The state-regulated management of statues in public places—mainly honorary portraiture, which spread from the fourth century bce onward—is also discussed. Space is devoted to the viewing and reception of a portrait, which was a system of visual and material signs. Besides, statues “functioned” in a specific topographical setting. The chapter then discusses the urban scenography for statues along the triumphal route in Rome; the impact of the new Greece-oriented artistic tendencies in marble sculpture and acrolithic cult statues with respect to the conservative perception of the traditional terracotta plastic; and the ideological and religious meaning of the temple coroplastic art, which followed the spread of sacred buildings constructed both in Rome and in Italy.
Coin Iconography and Social Practice in the Roman Empire
Authors: Kemmers Fleur 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The aim of this chapter is not to give a comprehensive overview on the different images gracing Roman coins of the imperial period or to trace the developments therein. Rather, it focuses on how and if the users of coins interacted with the iconography presented on the coins. Therefore, this chapter primarily discusses the literary, archaeological, and numismatic evidence for the perception and appropriation of coin imagery. In this way, we might be able to bridge the gap between iconography commissioned by the Roman state and daily life in Rome’s enormous empire. Before addressing these topics, however, we will briefly explore some of the characteristics of the medium, sketch iconographic developments on a general level, and, importantly, analyze how much the Roman state designed and targeted coin iconography with certain audiences in mind.
Word & Image
Authors: Squire Michael 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This chapter examines the relationships between visual and verbal media in Roman antiquity. More specifically, it demonstrates how the study of Roman art intersects with the study of ancient Greek and Latin texts, and vice versa. Despite the tendency to segregate areas of scholarly expertise—above all, to separate “classical archaeology” from “classical philology”—any critical engagement with Roman imagery and iconography must go hand in hand with critical readings of written materials. The chapter proceeds in three parts. First, it explores some of the ways in which Roman literary texts (both Greek and Latin) engaged with visual subjects. Second, it discusses the textuality of Roman visual culture, surveying the roles that inscriptions played on Roman buildings, statues, mosaics, paintings, and other media. Third, it demonstrates the “intermedial”—or, perhaps better, the “iconotextual”—workings of Roman texts and images, with particular reference to the fourth-century ce picture-poems of Optatian.
Iconography and Archaeology
Authors: Marlowe Elizabeth 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This chapter critically examines how scholars have interpreted Roman portraits of the third century ce. It focuses on two case studies. The first is a famous portrait of Maximinus Thrax from the Albani collection and now in the Capitoline Museum. Read through the lens of late antique literary sources, the portrait has been seen by art historians as portraying Maximinus’ ferocity, physical strength, and low class, barbarian origins. The second case study is a far less well-known pair of portraits excavated at the Roman villa of Lullingstone, south of London, which became the object of a highly unusual domestic cult in late antiquity. These case studies are used to argue that the heavy reliance on iconography and literary sources required to interpret portraits lacking archaeological context is less reliable and less informative than interpretations derived from a combination of iconography and archaeology.
Image and Authority
Authors: Faust Stephan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This chapter investigates the role of authorities in the production of images in Roman culture. It focuses on imperial art of the Julio-Claudian period by analyzing significant visual and literary evidence in order to reconstruct social interactions and power relations among agents such as the emperor, the Senate and People of Rome, provincial elites, artists, and soldiers. The first part of the chapter addresses the question of how the images of public monuments erected within the city of Rome reflect the interests of the parties involved. This leads to some general considerations about authority and auctoritas in Roman society. The following section discusses the intentions of the local elites who initiated the construction of imperial monuments in provincial cities, interpreting the specific visual language of the decoration of these monuments. Finally, the impact of imperial motifs and themes on images in the military and private realm is discussed.
A Tour of Gang Ethnographies: Key Themes in Contemporary Studies around the World
Authors: Van Hellemont Elke 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This chapter offers a review of recently published gang ethnographies across four continents. Historically rooted in the United States, today the gang phenomena as well as gang ethnographies are subjected to processes of globalization. Europe, Latin America, and increasingly the Global South are emerging as important field sites for ethnographic research. Contemporary unprecedented levels of international migration, displacement, and deportation of people shape current gang ethnographies and have led to reconfigurations of century-old debates. Global forces also push the traditional boundaries of ethnographic field site across nation-state borders and into the online world. In the past two decades, the nationality, gender, as well as the disciplinary background of gang ethnographers has also dramatically diversified. Nonetheless, the visibility of gang ethnographies is still highly dependent of an ethnographers’ nationality and linguistic skills. Here Anglophone researchers as well as ethnographers associated with countries that are more affluent and universities still have a clear advantage over the majority of scholars of the Global South.