bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Potential of Bone Marrow-Derived Cells to Differentiate to Glomerular Mesangial Cells
Authors: IMASAWA TOSHIYUKI , UTSUNOMIYA YASUNORI , KAWAMURA TETSUYA , ZHONG YU , NAGASAWA RYUJI , OKABE MASARU , MARUYAMA NAOKI , HOSOYA TATSUO , OHNO TSUNEYA 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.
Bone marrow stem cells (BMC) develop into hematopoietic and mesenchymal lineages but have not been known to differentiate into glomerular cells. To investigate whether such differentiation is possible, a search was made for donor glomerular cells in lethally irradiated C57BL/6j (B6) mice given transplants of BMC from syngeneic mice transgenic for green fluorescence protein (GFP) ([GFP→B6] mice). After the recipients of donor BMC manifested GFP-positive cells in their glomeruli, the numbers of such cells increased markedly, in a time-dependent manner, from 2 wk to 24 wk after bone marrow transplantation. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that most GFP-positive cells in the glomeruli were neither macrophages nor T cells. With the use of a laser-scanning confocal microscope, GFP-positive cells were observed within the mesangium of [GFP→B6] mice. Furthermore, indirect immunofluorescence assays demonstrated that desmin-positive cells in the glomeruli of these chimeric mice were also positive for GFP. Among glomerular cells isolated from [GFP→B6] mice 24 wk after bone marrow transplantation and then cultured, the majority of cells (approximately 84%) stained for desmin and approximately 60% of the desmin-positive cells expressed GFP. In addition, these GFP-positive cells in the cultures contracted in response to angiotensin II stimulation. These results suggest that bone marrow-derived cells may have the potential to differentiate into glomerular mesangial cells.
Impaired Angiogenesis in the Remnant Kidney Model
Authors: KANG DUK-HEE , HUGHES JEREMY , MAZZALI MARILDA , SCHREINER GEORGE F. , JOHNSON RICHARD J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.
Impaired angiogenesis and decreased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression were recently documented in the remnant kidney (RK) model of progressive renal failure. VEGF (50 μg/kg, twice daily) was administered to RK rats between weeks 4 and 8 after surgery, and rats were euthanized at week 8 for histologic study. During the administration of VEGF (n = 7) or vehicle (n = 6), systemic BP was comparable in the two groups. VEGF treatment resulted in improved renal function and lower mortality rates, compared with the vehicle-treated group. Renal histologic analyses confirmed a 3.5-fold increase in glomerular endothelial cell proliferation (0.14 ± 0.03 versus 0.04 ± 0.02 proliferating endothelial cells/glomerulus, VEGF versus vehicle, P < 0.05), a twofold increase in peritubular capillary endothelial cell proliferation (1.60 ± 0.30 versus 0.78 ± 0.17 cells/mm2, VEGF versus vehicle, P < 0.01), a threefold decrease in peritubular capillary rarefaction (P < 0.01), and a twofold increase in endothelial nitrix oxide synthase expression (P < 0.05) in the VEGF-treated group; an eightfold increase in urinary nitrate/nitrite levels (P < 0.05) was also noted. Although the difference in glomerulosclerosis scores did not reach statistical significance (0.67 ± 0.42 versus 1.22 ± 0.63, VEGF versus vehicle; range, 0 to 4; P = NS), VEGF-treated rats exhibited less interstitial collagen type III deposition (9.32 ± 3.26 versus 17.45 ± 7.50%, VEGF versus vehicle, P < 0.01) and reduced tubular epithelial cell injury, as manifested by osteopontin expression (5.57 ± 1.60 versus 9.58 ± 3.45%, VEGF versus vehicle, P < 0.01). In conclusion, VEGF treatment reduces fibrosis and stabilizes renal function in the RK model. The use of angiogenic factors may represent a new approach to the treatment of kidney disease.
Response to Single and Divided Doses of Shiga Toxin-1 in a Primate Model of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
Authors: SIEGLER RICHARD L. , PYSHER THEODORE J. , TESH VERNON L. , TAYLOR FLETCHER B. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.
Postdiarrheal hemolytic uremic syndrome is caused by Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli. It was shown previously that the baboon, like the human, has glycolipid receptors for Stx in the gut and the kidney and that a single 50- to 200-ng/kg intravenous dose of purified Stx-1 results in thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, and renal thrombotic microangiopathy. For further characterization of factors that modulate disease expression, the baboon's response to the intravenous administration of 100 ng/kg Stx-1 given either rapidly as a single bolus or slowly as four 25-ng/kg doses at 12-h intervals was compared. Animals that received the Stx-1 as a single dose developed thrombocytopenia, schistocytosis, and acute renal failure. Urinary but not plasma tumor necrosis factor-α concentrations rose significantly by 6 h and then declined rapidly. Urinary and plasma interleukin-6 concentrations rose later. Glomeruli showed reduced patency of capillary loops, fragmented red blood cells, fibrin and platelet microthrombi, necrosis and detachment of endothelial cells, and accumulation of flocculent material in subendothelial spaces. Damage to tubular epithelium and peritubular capillary endothelium also was seen. Animals that received four divided doses of Stx-1 developed no clinical or histologic features of hemolytic uremic syndrome. It is concluded that in the primate model, disease expression is modulated by the rate of Stx administration, and it is speculated that in the human, the rate of Stx absorption from the gut is one determinant of disease severity.
Effect of Ibandronate on Bone Loss and Renal Function after Kidney Transplantation
Authors: GROTZ WOLFGANG , NAGEL CHRISTIAN , POESCHEL DARIA , CYBULLA MARKUS , PETERSEN KARL-GEORG , UHL MARKUS , STREY CHRISTOPH , KIRSTE GU[Combining Diaeresis]NTER , OLSCHEWSKI MANFRED , REICHELT ACHIM , RUMP LARS CHRISTIAN 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.
Severe osteoporosis frequently is observed after organ transplantation. In kidney transplantation, it adds to pre-existing renal bone disease and strategies to prevent osteoporosis are not established. Eighty kidney recipients were included in a randomized controlled prospective intervention trial. Treated patients (n = 40) received an injection of ibandronate, a bisphosphonate, immediately before and at 3, 6, and 9 mo after transplantation. The primary outcome measured was the change in bone mineral density. Secondary measures included graft outcome, spinal deformities, fracture rate, body height, and hormonal and metabolic data. Loss of spongy and cortical bone after transplantation was prevented by ibandronate. Changes of bone mineral density (ibandronate versus controls) were as follows: lumbar spine, -0.9 ± 6.1% versus -6.5 ± 5.4% (P < 0.0001); femoral neck, +0.5 ± 5.2% versus -7.7 ± 6.5% (P < 0.0001); and midfemoral shaft, +2.7 ± 12.2% versus -4.0 ± 10.9% (P = 0.024). Fewer spinal deformities developed with ibandronate (7 patients with 7 deformities versus 12 patients with 23 deformities; P = 0.047). Loss of body height was 0.5 ± 1.0 cm versus 1.1 ± 1.0 cm in control subjects (P = 0.040). Two bone fractures occurred in each group. There were fewer acute rejection episodes with ibandronate (11 versus 22; P = 0.009). Graft function after 1 yr was comparable. Bone loss, spinal deformation, and loss of body height during the first year after kidney transplantation are prevented by injection of ibandronate at intervals of 3 mo. The smaller number of rejection episodes of the ibandronate-treated group should be confirmed and its mechanism should be explored in additional studies.
Determinants of Modality Selection among Incident US Dialysis Patients
Authors: Stack Austin G. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT.
Few studies have comprehensively addressed the association of social factors and elements of pre–end-stage renal disease (ESRD) care with the selection of dialysis modality. This study examines the relative contribution of demographic, medical, social, pre-ESRD, and geographic factors to modality assignment among new ESRD patients. Data were collected from the Dialysis Mortality and Morbidity Wave 2 Study, a national random sample of 4025 patients in 1996 and 1997. In multivariate analyses, the selection of peritoneal dialysis (PD) over hemodialysis (HD) was significantly associated with younger age, white race, fewer comorbid conditions, and lower serum albumin. Greater use of PD was seen in patients who were employed, married, and living with someone before the start of ESRD and in those who were more autonomous and more accomplished educationally. Patients referred earlier to a nephrologist (>4 mo versus ≤4 mo) and seen more frequently by a nephrologist (≥2 visits versus <2 visits) in the pre-ESRD period had greater PD use. Of the factors listed, 25% of the variability (R2) in PD use was explained by demographic (4.1%), comorbid (1.2%), social/pre-ESRD (14.5%), and geographic (5.2%) factors. This study identifies several clinical, social, and pre-ESRD factors with the selection of PD, and it underscores the importance of patient education, autonomy, and a strong social support system in improving rates of PD use in the United States. As pre-ESRD patient care is an important contributor to PD use in the United States, greater efforts should be expended in improving its delivery earlier in the pre-ESRD period.
Long-term results of treatment for patients with locally advanced external ear skin cancer
Authors: Mudunov A. M. , Khazarova E. G. , Bolotin M. V. 
Published: April 2021

The study objective is to assess long-term results of treatment for patients with locally advanced external ear skin cancer.Materials and methods. This research work based on a retrospective and prospective analysis case history for patients with locally advanced external ear skin cancer. These are 45 patients, who received treatment in surgical department of head and neck tumors in Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology between 1994 and 2020. Patient observation time averaged 30.0 ± 32.3 months (from 0.7 to 117.4 months, median 12.0 months). We divided patients into 3 groups depending on treatment methods. Group 1 consisted of patients who received combined or complex treatment (33.3 %, n = 15). Treatment for first group patients involved subtotal, lateral temporal bone resection or incomplete lateral resection and postoperative radiation therapy on the area of primary tumor and regional metastasis zone (total focal dose from 60 Gy). In the case of complex treatment, radiation therapy had carried out against background cisplatin introduction. The second group consisted of patients who received only surgical treatment (40.0 %, n = 18). Temporal bone resections were not performed for patients of the third group (26.7 %, n = 12). Treatment for patients of the third group involved one of the treatment methods: cryodestruction, laser destruction, photodynamic therapy, radiotherapy or chemoradiation treatment.Results. Five-year survival without signs of progression in a group of patients with locally advanced of the ear skin cancer, who received combined or complex treatment was 73.8 ± 13.1. Median progression-free survival not achieved. In the surgical treatment group 5 year progression-free survival was 40.4 ± 13.0, median was 34.1 months. In a group of patients who did not undergo temporal bone resection (3rd group) median progression-free survival was 4.5 months. Group differences are statistically significant (p <0.05). The most significant adverse prognosis factors that reduce overall survival for patients with locally advanced external ear skin cancer are positive histological margin (p = 0.0001, hazard ratio (HR) = 10.611, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 3.058-36.820), signs of destruction branch of the lower jaw/ zygomatic bone (p = 0.027, HR = 4.65, 95 % CI 1.193-18.116). Facial paralysis is the most unfavorable prognosis factor, reducing tumor-specific survival in patients with locally advanced outer ear skin cancer (p = 0.0001, HR = 19.146, 95 % CI 4.056-90.388).Conclusion. Combined/complex treatment of patients with locally advanced ear skin cancer (surgery with postoperative radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy) provides better long-term results compared to other treatment options.
Results of conservative treatment of locally advanced larynx squamous cell carcinoma using intraarterial regional polychemotherapy
Authors: Safarov D. A. , Mudunov A. M. , Dolgushin B. I. , Akhundov A. A. , Zaderenko I. A. , Peshko D. A. 
Published: April 2021

The study objective is to evaluate the results of organ-preserving treatment of locally advanced larynx squamous cell carcinoma.Materials and methods. Analysis of 28 patients with locally advanced larynx squamous cell carcinoma (stages III-IV) who underwent treatment at the N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of Russia between 2017 and 2020 was performed. At the first stage, 2-3 courses of combined inductive polychemotherapy per the DCF scheme with 21-day interval were performed (docetaxel 60 mg/m2, cisplatin 60 mg/m2 intraarterially bolus with detoxication with sodium thiosulfate, 5-fluorouracil 1000 mg/m2/day as 96-hour infusion). The second stage included external beam radiotherapy (60-70 Gy, 2 Gy per day 5 days a week) as monotreatment if complete clinical response after chemotherapy was achieved or with regional administration of cisplatin (60 mg/m2 once per 3 weeks) if after inductive stage full clinical response wasn»t observed.Results. In 20 (71.5 %) patients, complete clinical response was observed after inductive treatment; in 7 (25 %) patients, partial response was observed. Tumor stabilization was detected in 1 (3.5 %) patient. Two-year overall survival was 95.8 ± 4.1 %, progression-free survival was 90.1 ± 6.8 %.Conclusion. The proposed strategy of organ-preserving treatment of stage III-IV larynx cancer with substitution of systemic chemotherapy with regional intraarterial chemotherapy prior to radiotherapy is highly effective from the point of view of direct anti-tumor effect and recurrence-free and overall survival.
Immunity of States and International Organizations in the Court of Justice of the European Union Practice and its Significance in the Implementation of Megascience Projects
Authors: Chetverikov A. O. 
Published: April 2021

In recent years, Russia has invested significant assets in unique scientific facility of the “Megascience” class that are being built or are already operating on the territory of foreign countries, mainly member states of the European Union: the International Thermonuclear Research Reactor-ITER (France), the European X-ray Free Electron Laser-European XFEL, the Large Hadron Collider (Switzerland and France), etc.How reliable and safe are such investments in the context of the sanctions policy of the West, including the EU, against our country? To what extent are they protected by the principle of immunity of states and international organizations, which is generally recognized, but is not interpreted and applied in different legal systems? The paper considers these issues in the context of the development of the judicial practice of the supranational institution of the judicial power of the EU, namely the Court of Justice of the European Union and the concept of relative immunity (immunité relative) formulated herein.Having conducted a comparative legal review of the current state of the sources of law and doctrine on the issues of immunity of states and international organizations, the author analyses and evaluates the decisions of the EU Court of Justice and the legal positions of its attorneys General: — Mahamdia v. Algeria, 2012: for the first time ECJ formulates the concept of relative immunity in relation to states;— "Rina" and "Suprim" cases, 2020: EU Court clarifies the interpretation of the concept of acta iure imperii (acts of public authority), in respect of which states retain immunity in the EU, and extends its concept of relative immunity to international intergovernmental organizations.The final section deals with legal issues that yet to get a clear answer in the practice of the EU Court of Justice. In this regard, the author highlights possible directions of its evolution, and studies other recent decisions of the EU Court of Justice that may affect Russia’s national interests in the context of cooperation with EU member states in the scientific and technical sphere, including megascience, and in other areas.
Some Problems of Investigative Experiment Regulatory Framework
Authors: Stelmakh V. Yu. 
Published: April 2021

The paper analyzes the investigative experiment regulatory issues. It is stated that because of the extreme conciseness of legal regulation, many aspects are based on scientific developments. The purpose of the investigative experiment is to establish whether the algorithm of trace formation as a result of the experimental actions performed by the investigator corresponds to the mechanism that took place when committing a criminal act.The conditions of the investigative experiment are highlighted: 1) exclusion of danger to the health and life of its participants; 2) similarity of the situation with that which took place during the checked event; 3) voluntary participation; 4) the inadmissibility of reproducing a crime. The cases in which the participation of the person who committed the act in the course of the crime is required (to check individual characteristics and skills), and in which the replacement of this person with a stand-in is possible (to check the fundamental possibility of a phenomenon that is not related to individual qualities) are differentiated.The main participant of the investigative experiment, if his personal characteristics are checked, must have the procedural status of a witness, victim, suspect or accused. Specific participants of the investigative experiment are distinguished: the understudy and the assistant, who are not given an independent procedural status. Proposals for participation in the investigative experiment of all persons who are in one way or another concerned with the results of experimental actions are considered. Such proposals are unrealistic, instead, it is proposed to use a video recording to record the progress of the investigative experiment, which can be demonstrated to other participants in the proceedings.Taking into account the legal nature of the investigative experiment, it is stated that it is impossible to seize material objects directly within the framework of this investigative action; they can be seized after its completion, during inspection or seizure.
Antibacterial Activity of Fractions from Extract Ethanolic of Hylocereus Polyrhizus Peel Against E. Coli and S. aureus
Authors: Khotimah Tsania Khusnul , Krisridwany Annisa , Orbayinah Salmah , Harimurti Sabtanti 
Published: April 2021

Peel of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) is one of the plants used as an antibacterial agent as it contains saponin triterpenoid compounds, flavonoid compounds, and alkaloid compounds which can have antibacterial activity. This research aims to determine the antibacterial effect of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol fraction of red dragon fruit’s peel against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by the concentration of 10mg/ml, 20mg/ml, 40mg/ml, 80mg/ml dan 160mg/ml. This research was conducted by using laboratory experiments. The simplicia was macerated with 96% ethanol and fractionated by n-hexane and ethyl acetate. The phytochemical screening of the fraction was n-hexane fraction containing saponin and alkaloid, while the ethyl acetate fraction contained saponin and flavonoid. Kanamycin was used as a positive control, while DMSO was used as a negative control. According to this research, the MIC value of ethanol fraction, n-hexane fraction, and ethyl acetate fraction were 80mg/ml, 20mg/ml, and 80mg/ml, respectively, for E. coli and all fractions were 10mg/ml for S. aureus. Based on the average diameter of the inhibition zone, the largest diameter zone in E. coli was ethyl acetate fraction with 160mg/ml concentration that was 10,33mm. Meanwhile, in S. aureus n-hexane fraction, it was 160mg/ml, which was 11,20mm. This result showed that the n-hexane fraction has good gram-positive activity while the ethyl acetate fraction has good activity on gram-negative.
EXPLORING SELF THROUGH GHAZALIAN THEORY OF SOUL AND FREUDIAN PSYCHOANALYSIS: THE STUDY OF PROFESSOR SOHAIL IN RAJA GIDH
Authors: Mazhar Shumaila , Ayub Alia , Sharjeel Muhammad Yousaf , Jabeen Rizwana , Husain Fazli 
Published: April 2021

Purpose of the study: The current study explores the psychological dimensions of Professor Sohail in a famous Pakistani novel Raja Gidh (1981) written by Bano Qudsia. A quick glance at the entire plot of the selected novel strengthens our belief that psychological sufferings or regeneration greatly affect the external life of an individual. For an in-depth analysis, Ghazali, the famous 11th-century scholar of the Muslim world, and Freud, the genius of the 20th century, have provided the conceptual underpinnings.
Methodology: For the thematic analysis of the selected novel, this study has adapted Attride-Stirling’s (2001) model of the textual data analysis, which is divided into three stages i.e., data reduction, exploration, and data complication or interpretation. Ghazalain nafs e ammara, nafs e lawwamma, nafs e mutmainna and aql, and Freudian id, ego and superego have guided the coding and interpretation of the selected character.
Main Findings: A close analysis of the selected character through the lens of these theorists exposes that sometimes nafs e ammara or id makes him fall into the abyss of evils or sometimes nafs e lawwama or superego cause a relentless internal conflict which has been intermediated by aq’l or ego.
Applications of this study: This work, inside the parameter of the selected theories, offers an insight into the relevance of the psychological issues in the modern world, thus, establishing our belief in the similar workings of the human mind, regardless of the variances in time and space. Moreover, it has also revealed that the incorporation of Eastern and Western insights for studying the human mind has the potential of becoming an effective critical approach for psychological analysis in the realm of English literature.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The current study makes the readers dive deep into the darkest abyss of the human mind, to bring to the surface not only his deep-rooted fears and anxieties but also the magnificent gems of spiritual insight.
Pierre Bourdieu, Norbert Elias e a dicotomia entre análises externas e leituras internas
Authors: Monteiro Guilherme Seto 
Published: April 2021

O objetivo do artigo é apresentar e discutir as diferentes propostas de superação da clássica dicotomia entre análises externas e leituras internas de produtos culturais presentes nas obras de Pierre Bourdieu (As regras da arte) e Norbert Elias (Mozart, sociologia de um gênio).