bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric liver transplantation activity in a high‐volume program during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Brazil
Authors: Fonseca Eduardo A. , Feier Flavia , Pugliese Renata , Freitas Aline F. , Porta Gilda , Miura Irene , Baggio Vera , Kondo Mario , Benavides Marcel , Vincenzi Rodrigo , Roda Karina , Oliveira Caio V. , Chapchap Paulo , Seda‐Neto João 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of the COVID pandemic on liver transplant (LT) programs varied among countries. Few data are available about that impact in pediatric liver transplant (PLT) programs. This study aimed at comparing the data of our program in Brazil (2019 vs. 2020).MethodsRetrospective cohort study.ResultsOne hundred and seventy‐four PLT were performed in the period (93% living donors). Patients were divided into two groups according to the LT date: pre‐COVID‐19 period (march/2019–February/2020) and COVID‐19 period (March/2020–February 2021). In the pre‐COVID‐19 period, 97 LTs were performed, and 77 LTs were performed in the COVID‐19 period. Patients in the COVID‐19 period were younger (10.9 months vs. 16 months, p 0.009), had higher PELD scores (15 vs. 14, p 0.04), more ascites (66.2 vs. 51.5%, p 0.03), and more frequently hospitalized before LT (27.3 vs. 17.5%). However, there was no difference in post‐LT complications, retransplantation nor survival rates. Six (6.2%) patients from pre‐COVID‐19 period were COVID positive at a median of 15.5 months (14–17.5), and 6 (7.8%) patients from COVID‐19 period were COVID positive at a median of 3 months (20 days–6 months) from LT. There was neither mortality nor complications in those patients. Four (33%) were hospitalized, and one had prolonged intubation. Four (33%) were asymptomatic, 4 (33%) had upper airways symptoms, and the remaining had gastrointestinal symptoms.ConclusionOverall, PLT was not affected during COVID‐19 period. Even though patients from COVID‐19 period were sicker, there was no significant impact in LT outcomes. All the recipients who tested positive for COVID had a favorable outcome.
Drought and crop yield
Authors: Dietz K.‐J. , Zörb C. , Geilfus C.‐M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEpisodes of water shortage occur in most agricultural regions of the world. Their durations and intensities increase, and their seasonal timing alters with changing climate. During the ontogenic cycle of crop plants, each development stage, such as seed germination, seedling establishment, vegetative root and shoot growth, flowering, pollination and seed and fruit development, is specifically sensitive to dehydration. Desiccation threatens yield and leads to specific patterns, depending on the type of crop plant and the harvested plant parts,e.g. leafy vegetables, tubers, tap roots or fruits. This review summarizes the effects of drought stress on crop plants and relates the dehydration‐dependent yield penalty to the harvested organ and tissue. The control of shoot transpiration and the reorganization of root architecture are of core importance for maintaining proper plant water relationships. Upon dehydration, the provision and partitioning of assimilates and the uptake and distribution of nutrients define remaining growth activity. Domestication of crops by selection for high yield under high input has restricted the genetic repertoire for achieving drought stress tolerance. Introgression of suitable alleles from wild relatives into commercial cultivars might improve the ability to grow with less water. Future research activities should focus more on field studies in order to generate more realistic improvements to crops. Robotic field phenotyping should be integrated into genetic mapping for the identification of relevant traits.
Treated municipal wastewater as a water source for sustainable aquaculture: A review
Authors: Zaibel Inbal , Arnon Shai , Zilberg Dina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAquaculture has been the fastest‐growing food production sector during the last decades. The supply–demand gap for fish is constantly widening, and declining freshwater availability is becoming a major limiting factor for production. Exploring alternative water resources, such as treated wastewater (TWW), has become a growing strategy for coping with the increasing water demand in agriculture. Reuse of wastewater or TWW for agriculture and aquaculture has been practiced around the world for centuries. However, the extent of the practice and the scientific attention paid to TWW reuse for aquaculture are negligible compared to those for agricultural irrigation. The objectives of this review are to present the existing literature on treated‐wastewater‐fed aquaculture, to evaluate the prospective reuse of TWW for aquaculture and its economic appraisal, and to identify the scientific and legislative gaps and challenges towards implementation. Most of the published studies on fish culture in TWW suggest that it is feasible in terms of fish survival and growth. Research also shows that fish are safe for human consumption in terms of microbiological contamination and the bioaccumulation of heavy metals and certain organic‐micropollutants, with levels found to be in accordance with international standards for human consumption. Moreover, reuse of TWW as an alternative water source for aquaculture holds economic and environmental advantages. It appears that the sociocultural perception is a major barrier, which can be overcome by a combination of further research, legislation and public relations, which can support the implementation of TWW reuse for aquaculture.
Acquired tetracycline resistance genes by transposons and virulence factors in enterococci recovered from overland and aquatic animals: A systematic review
Authors: Mussa Ebthag Almabruk Mohamed , Alsalahi Abdulsamad , Aljaberi Musheer A. , Jasni Azmiza Syawani , Desa Mohd Nasir Mohd , Al‐Mahdi Abdullah Yahya Mohammed , Hamat Rukman Awang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEnterococci possess a high propensity to spread their resistance genes between intra‐ and inter‐species via mobile genetic elements. Potential reservoirs for acquiring antibiotic resistance genes by commensal and environmental bacteria, including enterococci, have raised significant public health concerns over recent decades. This concern is further complicated by the rampant use of tetracyclines in aquaculture and animals for therapeutic and chemoprophylactic purposes. This systematic review was conducted to elucidate the occurrence of tetracycline‐resistant enterococcal species, their resistomes and virulence determinants in faecal samples of aquatic and overland animals. The PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect and Scopus databases were searched to retrieve relevant studies that matched the specific keywords. A total of 19 low‐bias studies were included. It was found that several tetracycline resistance genes such as tet(M), tet(L), and tet(M + L) genes encode for the ribosomal protection protein or for the efflux mechanism of tetracyclines in E. faecium, E. faecalis, E. hirae, E. durans, E. gallinarium and E. casseliflavus. Additionally, tet(M) and tet(M + L) or tet(M) genes were associated with transposons Tn916 and/or Tn5397 or Tn1545 plus Tn916, respectively. The acquisition of tet(M) and tet(M + L) genes may be assisted by transposons Tn916 and/or Tn5397 or Tn1545 plus Tn916. In conclusion, tetracycline‐resistant enterococci recovered from aquatic and overland animals could further complicate the management of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria in both humans and animals. Thus, a concerted, multisectoral and transdisciplinary approach (One Health) is needed for active surveillance to be exacted and for better public health measures to be initiated in the future.
Reproductive cells and peripheral parietal cells collaboratively participate in meiotic fate acquisition in rice anthers
Authors: Zhao Tingting , Ren Lijun , Zhao Yangzi , You Hanli , Zhou Yue , Tang Ding , Du Guijie , Shen Yi , Li Yafei , Cheng Zhukuan 
Published: August 2021

SUMMARYIn flowering plants, the transition from mitosis to meiosis is the precondition for gametogenesis, which is the most crucial event during sexual reproduction. Here, we report an intriguing mechanism whereby germ cells and surrounding somatic cells cooperatively involve in the meiotic switch during anther development in rice (Oryza sativa). In double mutants with loss function of both leptotene chromosome establishment‐ and somatic cell layer differentiation‐associated genes, chromosome morphology in the reproductive cells remains the same as that in somatic cells, and sporogenous cells fail to differentiate into pollen mother cells. OsSPOROCYTELESS and MICROSPORELESS1, two pivotal genes involved in meiosis entry, are prominently downregulated in anthers of plants with mutations in both MULTIPLE SPOROCYTE1 and LEPTOTENE 1. In addition, the transcription of redox‐related genes is also affected. Therefore, germ cells and the surrounding somatic cells collaboratively participate in meiosis initiation in rice.
Differential effects of speed and volume on transfusion‐associated circulatory overload: A randomized study in rats
Authors: Klanderman Robert B. , Wijnberge Marije , Bosboom Joachim J. , Roelofs Joris J. T. H. , de Korte Dirk , van Bruggen Robin , Hollmann Markus W. , Vroom Margreeth B. , Veelo Denise P. , Juffermans Nicole P. , Geerts Bart F. , Vlaar Alexander P. J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTransfusion‐associated circulatory overload (TACO) is the primary cause of transfusion‐related mortality. Speed and volume of transfusion are major risk factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion speed and volume on the development of TACO.Materials and MethodsA validated model for TACO in anaemic Lewis rats with an acute myocardial infarction was used. The effect on pulmonary hydrostatic pressure of one, two or four units of packed RBCs transfused in either 30 or 60 min was evaluated (3.3–26.6 ml·kg−1·hr−1). Pulmonary capillary pressure was measured as left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure (LVEDP). Cardiac stress biomarkers atrial natriuretic‐peptide (ANP) and N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) were measured 1‐h post‐transfusion.ResultsThirty animals were included (n = 5 per group). Transfusion of RBCs increased LVEDP in a volume‐dependent manner (ΔLVEDP [mmHg]: −0.95, +0.50, +6.26, p < 0.001). Fast transfusion increased overall ΔLVEDP by +3.5 mmHg and up to +11.8 mmHg in the four units' group (p = 0.016). Doubling transfusion speed increased ΔLVEDP more than doubling volume in the larger volume groups. No difference in ANP or NT‐proBNP were seen in high transfusion volume or groups.ConclusionTransfusion volume dose‐dependently increased LVEDP, with speed of transfusion rapidly elevating LVEDP at higher transfusion volumes. ANP and NT‐proBNP were not impacted by transfusion volume or speed in this model. TACO is seen as purely volume overload, however, this study emphasizes that limiting transfusion speed, as a modifiable risk factor, might aid in preventing TACO.
Shape Effect of Polymetallic Nodules on Suction Forces and Flow Field During Seabed Hydraulic Collection
Authors: Zhao Guocheng , Lu Haining , Xiao Longfei , Hu Jingchao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Turbulent suction pipe flow around a near-wall ellipsoid nodule, as basic research of polymetallic nodule hydraulic collection, is investigated numerically and experimentally in this paper. Seven ellipsoids with axe ratios (a/b) ranging from 1 to 2 are considered as nodule models to reveal the shape effect on the characteristics of suction forces and suction flow field. Methods of particle image velocimetry (PIV) and dye tracing were used to visualize the suction flow field. The results indicate that (1) the suction force coefficient increases with a/b and its growth rate decreases with the ratio of bottom clearance to semi-thickness of the ellipsoid (h/c); (2) the weak vortex shedding in suction flow results in small-amplitude fluctuations of time-history suction forces; and (3) the detached eddy simulation (DES) method based on shear stress transport (SST) model is validated to be accurate and feasible for predicting the suction forces and suction flow field. It is expected to provide references for the design of nodule pick-up devices and to help us further understand the mechanism of hydraulic collection.
Tilt Pad Bearing Distributed Pad Inlet Temperature With Machine Learning—Part II: Morton Effect
Authors: Yang Jongin , Palazzolo Alan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The Morton effect (ME) occurs when a bearing journal experiences asymmetric heating due to synchronous vibration, resulting in thermal bowing of the shaft and increasing vibration. An accurate prediction of the journal's asymmetric temperature distribution is critical for reliable ME simulation. This distribution is strongly influenced by the film thermal boundary condition at the pad inlets. Part I utilizes machine learning (ML) to obtain a two-dimensional radial and axial distribution of temperatures over the leading-edge film cross section. The hybrid finite volume method (FVM)—bulk flow method of Part I eliminated film temperature discontinuities and is utilized in Part II for improving accuracy and efficiency of ME simulation.
Development and validation of a parent-proxy health-related quality of life survey for Australian First Nations children
Authors: Butten Kaley , Jones Lee , Newcombe Peter A , Chang Anne B , Sheffield Jeanie K , O'Grady Kerry-Ann F , Johnson Newell W , Bell Anna Maria , Ross Greggory , Toombs Maree 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveWithin Australia, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (First Nations) populations perceive health and well-being differently to non-Indigenous Australians. Existing health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) measurement tools do not account for these differences. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a culturally specific parent-proxy HR-QoL measurement tool for First Nations children.DesignScale development was informed by parents/carers of children with a chronic illness and an expert panel. The preliminary 39-item survey was reviewed (n=12) and tested (n=163) with parents/carers of First Nations children aged 0–12 years at baseline with comparative scales: the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, generic HR-QoL (Paediatric QoL Inventory 4.0, PedsQL4.0) and Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale, and repeated (n=46) 4 weeks later. Exploratory Factor Analysis was used for scale reduction. Reliability and validity were assessed by internal consistency, test–retest, and correlations with comparison scales.ResultsItems within our First Nations-Child Quality of Life (FirstNations-CQoL) were internally consistent with Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of ≥0.7 (quality of life, 0.808; patient experience, 0.880; patient support, 0.768) and overall test–retest reliability was good (r=0.75; 95% CI 0.593 to 0.856). Convergent validity was observed with the PedsQL4.0with Pearson’s coefficients of r=0.681 (ages 2–4 years); r=0.651 (ages 5–12 years) and with the Kessler Psychological Distress scale (r=−0.513). Divergent validity against the Spence Anxiety Scale was not demonstrated.ConclusionsThe FirstNations-CQoL scale was accepted by the participants, reliable and demonstrated convergent validity with comparison measures. This tool requires further evaluation to determine responsiveness, its minimal important difference and clinical utility.
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in the city of Cape Town, South Africa: a retrospective, descriptive analysis of prehospital patient records
Authors: Stassen Willem , Wylie Craig , Djärv Therese , Wallis Lee A 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesWhile prospective epidemiological data for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) exists in many high-income settings, there is a dearth of such data for the African continent. The aim of this study was to describe OHCA in the Cape Town metropole, South Africa.DesignObservational study with a retrospective descriptive design.SettingCape Town metropole, Western Cape province, South Africa.ParticipantsAll patients with OHCA for the period 1 January 2018–31 December 2018 were extracted from public and private emergency medical services (EMS) and described.Outcome measuresDescription of patients with OHCA in terms of demographics, treatment and short-term outcome.ResultsA total of 929 patients with OHCA received an EMS response in the Cape Town metropole, corresponding to an annual prevalence of 23.2 per 100 000 persons. Most patients were adult (n=885; 96.5%) and male (n=526; 56.6%) with a median (IQR) age of 63 (26) years. The majority of cardiac arrests occurred in private residences (n=740; 79.7%) and presented with asystole (n=322; 34.6%). EMS resuscitation was only attempted in 7.4% (n=69) of cases and return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) occurred in 1.3% (n=13) of cases. Almost all patients (n=909; 97.8%) were declared dead on the scene.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this was the largest study investigating OHCA ever undertaken in Africa. We found that while the incidence of OHCA in Cape Town was similar to the literature, resuscitation is attempted in very few patients and ROSC-rates are negligible. This may be as a consequence of protracted response times, poor patient prognosis or an underdeveloped and under-resourced Chain of Survival in low- to middle-income countries, like South Africa. The development of contextual guidelines given resources and disease burden is essential.
Not enough can be enough: feasibility of the IdyllaEGFRmutation test when reuse of stained tissue slides is the only option available
Authors: Ercolani Cristiana , Di Benedetto Anna , Bonomo Claudia , Visca Paolo , Palange Aldo , Assisi Daniela , Forcella Daniele , Terrenato Irene , Pescarmona Edoardo , Ciliberto Gennaro , Cecere Fabiana Letizia , Cappuzzo Federico , Buglioni Simonetta 
Published: August 2021

AimsThe minimally invasive procedures used in the diagnostic workup of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) often provide poor yields of pathological material suitable for molecular analyses. Not infrequently, the DNA yield from small biopsies/cytological samples is insufficient for the assessment of genomic biomarkers that inform personalised therapies. The IdyllaEGFRmutation test (IEMT) has been specifically designed to process formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections without requiring preliminary DNA extraction.This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of IEMT when used to analyse archival histopathology material. More specifically, our objective was to establish whether or not different staining procedures could affect assay performance.MethodsTwenty NSCLC samples were selected accordingly toEGFRmutational status. To mimic archived stained material, sections were subjected to H&E staining, fluorescent in situ hybridisation analyses or immunodetection by immunohistochemistry before being processed for IEMT.ResultsParallel assessment ofEGFRmutational status by IEMT on stained sections and next-generation sequencing on DNA yielded a concordant result in 50 out of 60 tests (83.3%). The discoloration of H&E of the archived sample was found to be the optimal procedure to highlight all the actionable alterations ofEGFR.ConclusionsIEMT can provide remarkable diagnostic accuracy for the assessment ofEGFRmutational status also when the only source of pathological material available for molecular analyses is represented by H&E stained sections. Ad hoc supervision by a qualified molecular biologist is in any case recommended.
How did COVID-19 measures impact sexual behaviour and access to HIV/STI services in Panama? Results from a national cross-sectional online survey
Authors: Gabster Amanda , Erausquin Jennifer Toller , Michielsen Kristien , Mayaud Philippe , Pascale Juan Miguel , Pericas Carles , Marks Michael , Katz Jennifer , Talavero Gonzalo Cabezas , de Argote Marilu , Murillo Anet , Tucker Joseph D 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveTo describe reported changes in sexual behaviours, including virtual sex (sexting and cybersex), and access to HIV/STI testing and care during COVID-19 measures in Panama.MethodsWe conducted an online cross-sectional survey from 8 August to 12 September 2020 among adults (≥18 years) residing in Panama. Participants were recruited through social media. Questions included demographics, access to HIV/STI testing and HIV care, and sexual behaviours 3 months before COVID-19 social distancing measures and during social distancing measures (COVID-19 measures). Logistic regression was used to identify associations between variables and behavioural changes.ResultsWe recruited 960 participants; 526 (54.8%) identified as cis-women, 366 (38.1%) cis-men and 68 (7.1%) non-binary or another gender. The median age was 28 years (IQR: 23–37 years), and 531 of 957 (55.5%) were of mixed ethnicity (mixed Indigenous/European/Afro-descendant ancestry). Before COVID-19 measures, virtual sex was reported by 38.5% (181 of 470) of cis-women, 58.4% (184 of 315) cis-men and 45.0% (27 of 60) non-binary participants. During COVID-19 measures, virtual sex increased among 17.2% of cis-women, 24.7% cis-men and 8.9% non-binary participants. During COVID-19 measures, 230 of 800 (28.8%) participants reported decreased casual sex compared with pre-COVID-19 measures. Compared with pre-COVID-19 measures, decreased casual sex was reported more frequently during COVID-19 measures by cis-men compared with cis-women (39.2% vs 22.9%, urban/rural adjusted OR (AOR)=2.17, 95% CI 1.57 to 3.01), and by Afro-descendant compared with participants of mixed ethnicity (40.0% vs 29.8%, AOR=1.78, 95% CI 1.07 to 2.94). Compared with no change in virtual sex (16.8%), increased virtual sex (38.5%, AOR=1.78, 95% CI 1.10 to 2.88) and decreased virtual sex (86.7%, AOR=16.53, 95% CI 7.74 to 35.27) were associated with decreased casual sex encounters. During COVID-19 measures, HIV/STI testing could not be obtained by 58.0% (58 of 100) of the participants who needed a test, and interrupted HIV care was reported by 53.3% (8 of 15) of participants living with HIV.ConclusionsCOVID-19 measures in Panama were associated with a decrease in casual sex among cis-men and Afro-descendant people, while access to HIV/STI testing and care was seriously disrupted.
Perceived effectiveness of four different cigarette health warning label themes among a sample of urban smokers and non-smokers in China
Authors: Nian Qinghua , Hardesty Jeffrey J , Cohen Joanna E , Xie Xiangqiang , Kennedy Ryan David 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveThis study, conducted in China, evaluated the effectiveness of four different themes of health warning labels (HWLs) that used both text and pictures: (1) self-harm from using cigarettes, (2) harming family or children with secondhand smoke, (3) reinforcing compliance with existing smoke-free policies and (4) anticigarette gift giving practices.MethodsA cross-sectional randomised experimental survey was conducted among 3247 adult (aged 18+ years) participants in Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen in 2017, using quotas for age group, gender and smoking status. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the four HWL themes. Each participant viewed eight HWLs and rated how effective these themed-labels were in terms of credibility, raising awareness of health harms of smoking on family and children, improving compliance with public smoking bans, stopping the practice of gifting cigarettes, thinking about quitting and preventing smoking using a 10-point scale, with 10 being most effective. Analysis of variance and independent t-tests were used to analyse these data.FindingsAll four HWL themes performed well for each outcome with average ratings >6.5. Harming family or children with secondhand smoke was the theme that received the highest ratings for each outcome, with credibility (8.0, 95% CI 7.86 to 8.09) and prevention of smoking (8.8, 95% CI 8.63 to 8.91) outcomes being significantly higher (p<0.05). Overall, analysis of ratings by gender, income and education did not impact outcomes.ConclusionAll four HWL themes tested could be effective in China; the theme of secondhand smoke harming family or children may be a particularly credible/effective theme.