bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personality Change Profiles and Changes in Cognition Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults
Authors: Stieger Mirjam , Liu Yujun , Graham Eileen , DeFrancisco Jenna , Lachman Margie 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Previous research on the relationship between personality traits and cognitive abilities has primarily focused on cross-sectional studies or on specific personality traits in relation to selected cognitive dimensions. The present study extends existing research by exploring associations among 20-year personality change profiles and 10-year cognitive change in middle-aged and older adults. The present study included 2,652 participants of the Midlife in the United States study (MIDUS) ranging in age between 20 - 74 years (M = 46.61, SD = 11.26) at the first of the three measurement occasions. Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) was used to capture profiles of change across the Big Five personality traits of extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness, and emotional stability combined. Results of the LPA identified three personality change subgroups: Decreasers, Maintainers, and Increasers. Across the 20 years, the Decreasers showed greater decreases on the Big Five personality traits, the Maintainers remained mostly stable, and the Increasers showed greater personality trait increases. Also, the Maintainers and Decreasers were significantly older than the Increasers. Longitudinal multilevel models were used to examine the relationship between these three personality change profiles and cognitive change. Age, sex, education, physical activity, functional health, and self-rated health were added as covariates. Results show that cognitive decline was greater for the Decreasers and less for the Increasers compared to the other personality change profiles. The results have implications for developing interventions to target personality trait change in middle and later adulthood as a potential means for reducing declines in cognitive functioning.
Vision Impairment in Dementia Care
Authors: Whitson Heather 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Epidemiological evidence indicates that 3-4% of community-dwelling adults over age 65 years old have functionally limiting deficits in both vision and cognition. The comorbidity prevalence is higher in older age strata and in long-term care. Seniors with co-occurrence of vision impairment and dementia have six times higher odds of disability and higher average annual Medicare fee for service costs ($13,655 [95% confidence interval: $9,931-$18,798], compared to peers with dementia alone ($8,867 [95% confidence interval: $7,360-10,683]) or neither condition ($4,518 [95% confidence interval: $4,360-$4,682]). This talk will review evidence that people with early dementia and vision problems can experience improved function through appropriately tailored vision rehabilitation interventions. The talk will provide recommendations for unbiased cognitive assessment in visually impaired people. The session will outline research opportunities regarding the question of whether preventing or treating vision impairment may improve cognitive trajectories and neuropsychiatric symptoms in people with dementia.
Fit for the Next Fifty Exercise Program: 25 Years of Reflections, Results, and Partnerships
Authors: Pagan Mary 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Consistent exercise provides a multitude of physical, social, and emotional benefits. Common barriers to regular exercise for older adults include time, transportation, risk of injury, existing limitations, and negative experiences or attitudes about exercise. Fit for the Next Fifty is a comprehensive exercise and wellness program designed to address barriers and excuses. The program , based in CNY, has an impressive 25 year history of providing a unique mix of aerobic, strength training, yoga, and balance-based ballet. Participants (100-120) attend up to 5 classes per week at no charge during summer months and continue through winter months for a small fee. Developing and sustaining funding partnerships has been critical to the long-term success of Fit for the Next Fifty. Participants, ages 60-96, are active providers of feedback and suggestions, a key component to keeping the music, movements, and fellowship enjoyable and meaningful for over two decades. Program details, participant pictures and testimonials, research results, surveys across the years, and partnering/funding strategies provided. Of special interest is the social support dimension of the program. Participants have developed a sophisticated network to support each other outside of the exercise and wellness programs provided by Fit for the Next Fifty.
Resistance training improves mobility disability in community-dwelling older adults: a meta-analysis
Authors: Prevett Christina , Moncion Kevin , Phillips Stuart , Richardson Julie , Tang Ada 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Mobility disability is the impairment in function that affects the performance of daily tasks due to declines in physical function. Exercise interventions, particular resistance training, may have a positive impact on mobility disability, but the evidence for the effects of resistance training in older adults with mobility disability has not been previously systematically reviewed. This study was a systematic review of evidence related to resistance training on physical function for adults over 65 years of age with mobility disability. Four databases (PEDro, MedLine, Ovid, Web of Science) were searched from inception to February 2, 2021 for randomized controlled trials. Twenty-four articles from 22 studies (3,656 participants) were included in the review. Mean participant age ranged from 63-87 years and exercise interventions ranged from 10 weeks to 12 months in duration. Greater changes in 6-minute Walk Test (6MWT) distance (n=638, p&lt;0.0001; mean difference (MD) 16.1 metres; 95%CI 12.3-19.9), lower extremity strength (n=785, p&lt;0.0001; standard MD 2.01; 95%CI 1.27-2.75) and usual gait speed (n=2,106, p&lt;0.001; MD 0.05 metres/second, 95%CI 0.03-0.07) were seen with resistance training as compared to control. These results were maintained if resistance training was a sole intervention or a component of a multi-component program. Sensitivity analysis based on risk of bias concerns did not change results. This review demonstrates that resistance training improves walking capacity, strength and walking speed in community-dwelling older adults and may facilitate aging in place. Since improvements in strength and gait speed contribute to independence, our results indicate highly beneficial outcomes for older persons.
Stimulating a Mature Body’s Defense System by Maintaining Physical Activity: A Literature Review
Authors: Murphy Mary 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This review provides summary of research findings on the effects of exercise for changes in the immune system most associated with aging. Immunosenescence is identified as an immune dysregulation with aging that leaves an older adult susceptible to infections and a host of immune-related disorders. Extrinsic modulators of immunosenescence include pathogens, mental stress, nutrition, and exercise. Moderate short acute exercise over time enhances the immune system. Heavy exertion or prolonged exercise bouts may contribute to immunosenescence. In one study, a J-curve result was identified for upper respiratory tract infection. A moderate exercise workload was associated with a 40-50% decrease in upper respiratory tract infections while a 2-6-fold increase was identified among individuals consistently completing heavy exertion. Transient increases of the inflammatory markers of C-reactive protein and Interleukin-6 are noted after excessive exercise. The older adult should consider small increments of change in an exercise load to limit exercise-induced inflammation. These same inflammatory markers are chronically expressed in obese individuals in a resting state. Strategies to manage weight within recommended range to avoid obesity will limit activation of proinflammatory immune cells. In conjunction with physical activity, the lifestyle behaviors that most support immune system health include adequate sleep, nutrition, hydration, and avoidance of excessive alcohol intake. When planning a safe moderate exercise workload, additionally consider hygienic practices to lower transmission of pathogens. Transmission decreases with hand washing, limited hand-to-face contact, distance from large crowds or those with cough, avoiding spaces with poor ventilation and update vaccinations.
Home- and Community-Based Services Use Patterns and Functional Improvement among Older Care Recipients in Taiwan
Authors: Yu Hsiao-Wei , Wu Shih-Cyuan , Chen Ya-Mei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The new version of Taiwan’s 10-Year Long-Term Care Plan launched in 2016 aims to reinforce the integration of home- and community-based services (HCBS). The underlying HCBS use patterns and effectiveness of functional improvement among care recipients merit investigation. The purpose of the study was to examine the association of HCBS and changes in ADLs among care recipients with different levels of disabilities in Taiwan. We accessed the sub data of Taiwan’s Long-Term Care Services Management Online System. Samples were aged 65 and over and had completed records of baseline and reassessment information during 2018 (N = 4787). Latent class analysis and multivariate linear regression were applied to examine the relationship of HCBS and functional changes. Four HCBS subpatterns were found: home-based personal care services (home-based PS) (59.16%), home-based reablement services (home-based RS) (23.90%), home-based multiple services (home-based MS) (11.93 %), and community-based services (5.01%). In the cases with mild disabilities at baseline, recipients receiving home-based RS had higher probabilities of improving in ADLs among four HCBS subgroups (for example: β = 2.65, SE = 1.19 in comparison to home-based PS). Care recipients with moderate-to-severe disability at baseline, ADLs improvement was only found in home-based PS (β = 1.63, SE = 0.82 in comparison of home-based MS). In the cases with profound disabilities, home-based PS showed positive effects on ADLs improvement (β = 2.45, SE = 0.80 in ADLs, compared to home-based RS). The study suggested that HCBS subpatterns had different impacts on older adults with different disability levels.
Abuse of and Intervention for Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Teaster Pamela , Bolkan Cory 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Beginning in the United States in 2020, SARS-CoV-2 lead to unprecedented changes in the lives of both younger and older people. Efforts to mitigate the spread of the novel coronavirus, which included physical distancing and self-quarantine not only upended the lives of many people but also created natural laboratory conditions for the mistreatment of older adults. Exploring the mistreatment of older adults during the pandemic presented an unprecedented opportunity to examine perspectives of service providers and affected older adults. This symposium offers four perspectives on this subject. Dr. Karen Roberto and colleagues will present changes and challenges that COVID-19 brought for Adult Protectives Service staff and the vulnerable adults whom they serve. Ms. Lori Smetanka and colleagues will present changes and challenges that COVID-19 created for state and local Long-Term Care Ombudsman. Dr. Holly Ramsey-Klawsnik and Ms. Tammy Seaver will report on how the pandemic affected Nevada Adult Protective Services clients, casework, and staff. Finally, Dr. Pamela Teaster and colleagues will discuss how older adults experienced exploitation attempts during the early months of the pandemic. Dr. Cory Bolkan will begin the discussion, highlighting how conditions brought about by COVID-19 both enabled and thwarted efforts to address elder abuse.
Making the Most of Adversity: A Fully Remote Ecological Momentary Assessment and Actigraphy Study of Hospital Nurses
Authors: Vigoureux Taylor , Mu Christina , Lee Soomi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has created challenges and opportunities for research. This is especially true for research on essential workers, such as hospital nurses. In adaptation to the pandemic, the current study aimed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a fully remote study to collect data on psychological and behavioral measures such as daily stress and sleep, utilizing ecological momentary assessments (EMA) and sleep actigraphy. Our remote study protocol was conducted through a web platform that provided detailed video and written instructions regarding the study and facilitated virtual onboarding meetings with participants. Outpatient day shift nurses (n=86) responded to a background survey, 84 of whom completed 14 days of EMA and sleep actigraphy. Feasibility was assessed by compliance rates to the 14-day study protocol. Acceptability was assessed by analyzing qualitative feedback provided during onboarding meetings (n=82). The compliance rates of EMA (91.8%) and actigraphy (97.9%) were high. The EMA compliance was higher than that from a pre-COVID, non-remote study of inpatient day shift nurses from the same hospital (86.6%, p=.030). Themes from content analysis were mostly positive with 51.2% reporting “easy, clear, simple onboarding process” and 16.3% reporting “helpful website”. Only six participants provided solely negative feedback (e.g., “communication problems” or “technical difficulties/preferences”). Our remote study protocol was feasible and well-accepted by nurses. A similar methodology could be used in studies on broader healthcare workers and those caring for aging populations to better understand their unique challenges and develop effective strategies to help them, both during and after the pandemic.
Trends in short sleep duration in the National Health and Interview Survey 2004-2018: A Decomposition Analysis
Authors: Xu Jiahui , Buxton Orfeu , Luo Liying , Gamaldo Alyssa , Verdery Ashton , Hardy Melissa , Xiao Qian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Since the early 2000s, it is increasingly common that people have short sleep durations (&lt;=6 per 24-hour), making this a high-prevalence public health issue, especially among Black individuals. We investigate how trends in short sleep duration are influenced by changes in population aging, socioeconomic factors (e.g., education, labor force participation, marital status), and health conditions and behaviors (e.g., pain, smoking, drinking, obesity, psychological distress). We use the pooled cross-sectional data from the 2004-2018 National Health and Interview Survey, a large and nationally representative study. We partition overall trends in short sleep duration into (a) compositional effects due to distributional changes in age structure, socioeconomic and health factors and (b) unexplained rate effects. Subsequently, we compare the relative contribution of each factor to the total compositional effects among Black and White participants. Results demonstrate that greater education is associated with greater prevalence of short sleep duration among Black Americans, but reduced prevalence among White Americans. For both racial groups, population aging contributes relatively little to temporal patterns in short sleep duration; by contrast, higher distress and lower labor force participation in recent years are associated with the increasing prevalence of short sleep duration.
Aging Men and Masculinity Ideologies: Variance Composition of the MRNS-BF and Measurement Invariance by Men's Age
Authors: Thompson Edward , Levant Ronald 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The construct traditional masculinity ideology (TMI, Levant & Richmond, 2016), like the construct dominant masculinities (Coles, 2009; Messerschmidt, 2019), refers to culturally-based principles about proper gender practices for men. The present study aimed to create a briefer and psychometrically stronger form of the Male Role Norms Scale (MRNS), a long-standing and important measure of TMI. Using an archival data set (N = 626) with men age 25 and older, the MRNS was shortened using a set of recommended practices. Confirmatory factor analysis and assessment of measurement invariance showed the resulting MRNS-BF satisfies good fit principles with configural, metric, yet not reliable scalar invariance for age. It is a 6-item measure whose common factor measures TMI through two dimensions that mimic tenets Brannon (1976) and Connell (1995) theorized as underlying principles of masculinity ideologies in Western cultures: Earning and maintaining Respect/status, and No sissy stuff/avoidance of femininity in gender practices. Mean scores importantly show perhaps generational, certainly age cohort differences – aging men differed from established and middle-aged men by more moderately endorsing norms that specify men must strive to earn others’ respect and the cultural emphasis on no sissy stuff. Younger age cohorts strongly adopted principles of gender equality. These observed differences must be interpreted with great caution, since the men in the three age groups did not seem to have a common zero point. Still, the MRNS-BF has good psychometric properties, and its brevity can assist future research on how gender guidelines influence aging men’s health decisions and behavior.
Associations Between Neighborhood SES Disadvantage and Feelings of Depression and Loneliness in Older Adults
Authors: McCain Dextiny , Morgan Adrienne Aiken , Wright Regina 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Previous research suggests depressive symptoms and loneliness are increasingly prevalent among older adults living in lower-income neighborhoods. The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) was associated with depressive symptoms and loneliness among a sample of older adults from the Healthy Heart and Mind Study (N = 165; mean age = 68.48 (SD = 6.26); 66.7% women; 40.6% African American). It was hypothesized that older adults living in neighborhoods with greater socioeconomic disadvantage would report more depressive symptoms and loneliness than those residing in neighborhoods with less socioeconomic disadvantage. Depression was assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and loneliness was assessed using the Revised University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness scale. Neighborhood SES was measured with the Area Deprivation Index (ADI), which allows rankings of neighborhoods by SES disadvantage both statewide and nationally. After controlling for demographic variables (age, sex, and race), linear regression analyses showed that greater neighborhood SES disadvantage was associated with higher depression scores (β = -.094; p = .041) and higher loneliness scores (β = -.258; p = .003). These findings highlight the importance of neighborhood context on mental health in older adults, as underserved populations are more likely to experience declines in mental health under strenuous circumstances. Future research should investigate the impact of neighborhood SES on mental health in aging adults.
Typology of Traumatic Events and Physical Function
Authors: Dong Gabriella , Li Mengting 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Individuals experience various traumatic events over the life course, but little is known about the patterns of lifetime exposure to traumatic events. This study aims to identify traumatic event typology and examine its relationship with physical function. Data were from the 2017-2019 PINE study (N= 3,125). Traumatic events were evaluated by earthquake, typhoon, tornado, residential fire, physical assault, robbery, sexual assault, divorce, bereavement, cancer, homeless, imprisonment, and falsely accused. Physical function was measured by activities of daily living (ADL), with lower scores indicating better physical function. Analysis was conducted using latent class analysis and the four-class model fits the data best. We identified four typologies: limited trauma, severe trauma, natural disaster, and mild-to-moderate trauma. The “limited trauma” (33.8%) has the lowest exposure to all traumatic events except typhoon and homeless. In contrast, an equivalent “severe trauma” (33.3%) has the highest exposure to all traumatic events except natural disasters. A small “natural disaster” (4.8%) has the highest exposure to natural disaster and moderate exposure to other traumatic events. The “mild-to-moderate trauma” (28.2%) has mild-to-moderate trauma exposures. The mild-to-moderate trauma group (M=0.38, SD=2.12) has better physical function than limited trauma (M=0.69, SD=3.08), severe trauma (M=0.61, SD=2.81), and natural disaster (M=0.71, SD=3.22) groups. After controlling confounding variables, the mild-to-moderate trauma group has lower risks of ADL impairment than the limited trauma group (OR=0.66, 95%CI=0.47-0.93). The findings suggest mild-to-moderate exposure to traumatic events might benefit older adults’ health, while limited trauma might not be able to develop resilience and severe trauma overwhelms coping strategies.
Longitudinal Relationship Between Living Alone and Activity Engagement of Chinese Older Adults
Authors: Tang Fengyan , Li Ke 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The living arrangement of older adults plays a key role in their health status and psychological well-being. Yet the relationship between living arrangement and activity engagement remains unclear. Using data from three waves of the nationally representative China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) with a study sample of 7,479 respondents aged 60 or older, this study examined the effect of living alone on the frequency of activity engagement among Chinese older adults. Two types of activity engagement were examined in this study, including social interaction with friends and leisure activity (i.e., play chess, go to a sport or club). The multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed using generalized structural equation modeling (GSEM). Compared with those living with others, older adults living alone were older, more likely to be female and living in urban areas, and with fewer years of education and more functional limitations. The results also indicated that after controlling for a set of covariates, living alone status was significantly associated with the increased likelihood of high and medium frequency of both social interaction and leisure activity in reference to no engagement. This study not only improves the understanding of activity engagement preference of Chinese older adults who are living alone but also indicates the importance of improving community facilities and outdoor spaces to promote activity engagement among older adults.