bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smart advertising in prescription only medication; aligning it with prescriber’s or consumer’s behavior
Authors: Menebo Mesay Moges 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
This study has four objectives. First is to investigate and compare the immediate and carryover effects of four pharmaceutical marketing tools (prescriber detailing, medical events, journal ads and direct-to-consumer advertising [DTCA]) on sales. Based on the effect comparisons, the second objective is to determine whether advertising tools that are more compatible with prescriber’s behavior have superior impact on sales. Third is to examine empirical support for the argument that advertising directly to consumers, as a market follower versus leader, has a backfiring effect. Finally, this paper aims to assess the magnitude of variance in sales as a function of each advertising tool.

Design/methodology/approach
Data on unit sales and spending (on DTCA, journal ads, events and detailing) ranging 84 months are obtained for six prescription-only cholesterol-reducing brands. First, linearity is checked. Second, evolution versus stationarity is tested by applying the unit-root test. Third, potential endogeneity among variables is assessed with granger causality. Fourth, vector autoregressive model (VAR) that accounts for endogeneity and dynamic interactions is specified. Intercept, seasons and market share are added into the model specification as exogenous variables. Fifth, VAR with akaike selected lags and generalized impulse response are conducted. Finally, sales variance is decomposed with forecast error variance decomposition and Cholesky ordering.

Findings
A 10% increase on detailing or journal ads spending brought an immediate (one month) negative effect on sales in a market leader, whereas that same increase is insignificant in a market follower. A 10% increase on DTCA (vs detailing) spending led to a negative (vs positive) carryover effect for the market follower, giving empirical support to the backfiring effect of DTCA and partial evidentiary support suggested about prescriber friendly advertising. However, DTCA induces a larger short term and longer carryover effect in a market leader, with seven times more effect on sales than what detailing does. In addition, it explains 50% of the variation in sales.

Originality/value
The model applied captures extensive dynamics; hence, findings are robust. The analysis considered comparison in terms of prescriber friendly (vs not) advertising tools and brand market status and thus can make managers rethink strategy of advertising budget allocations. This study also introduced a new look onto DTCA and hence challenges the traditional thought held on consumer advertising response.
Which leadership roles modify employee perceptions of CSR activities? Job satisfaction implications in the case of the tourism industry
Authors: Trivellas Panagiotis , Dekoulou Paraskevi , Polychroniou Panagiotis , Tokakis Vassileios 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the influence of leadership roles on the corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities as perceived by employees, as well as their impact on job satisfaction.

Design/methodology/approach
Drawing upon a sample of 245 employees in the tourism industry, a structured questionnaire was developed to measure leadership roles and CSR activities as perceived by employees. The competing values model was adopted to operationalize leadership roles.

Findings
Results indicate that different leadership roles are linked with different dimensions of CSR activities, although innovator role proved to prevail on this association. More specifically, innovator role is related to all CSR dimensions, followed by monitor which is associated with the philanthropic and environmental dimensions. The broker role is related only to environmental CSR actions.

Research limitations/implications
The possibility to generalize the results to other countries with different characteristics (e.g. regulatory framework, economic development) needs to be investigated further by carrying out similar studies.

Practical implications
Understanding the nature of the association between leadership and CSR activities would enable practitioners to pursue or cultivate these roles and behaviors creating strategic value by fostering their multidimensional impact upon the social context.

Originality/value
The present research has led to the diagnosis of the leadership role profiles supporting CSR strategies in the tourism industry. Findings also highlighted the importance of the innovator leadership role in explaining the variance of different aspects of CSR activities.
Evaluating the innovation capability of cluster-based firms: a graph-theoretic approach
Authors: Gohr Cláudia Fabiana , Scoralick de Almeida Tavares Maryana , Morioka Sandra Naomi 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to propose an assessment framework to evaluate companies' innovation capability in the context of industrial clusters.

Design/methodology/approach
The assessment framework was built based on the Graph-Theoretic Approach (GTA) to measure the influence of the factors and sub-factors of innovation capabilities. To quantify the level of interdependence between factors and sub-factors of innovation capability Delphi method was adopted. The authors developed five case studies in firms from an Information and Communications Technology and Creative Economy cluster in Northeastern Brazil to test the framework's applicability.

Findings
The results showed that identifying and evaluating the factors of innovation capability allows a larger understanding of what affects these capabilities to a greater or lesser extent and contributes to strategic decision-making.

Research limitations/implications
The framework evaluates the innovation capability of each firm, not providing an index for the whole industrial cluster. Besides, the framework does not consider the innovations developed by the companies through the innovation's capabilities. As the Delphi technique was adopted to analyze the levels of influence or interdependence between factors and sub-factors of innovation capability, different experts may lead to different results.

Practical implications
Among the managerial implications, the authors can highlight the innovation capability index as a practical performance measure to stimulate improvement initiatives regarding innovations in industrial clusters. Besides, as the proposed framework is generic, research organizations, public institutions and regional governments can adopt it to analyze innovation capabilities in cluster-based companies.

Originality/value
Previous industrial cluster studies have concentrated on knowledge transfer as the main attribute influencing innovation capabilities. The literature also presents assessment frameworks focusing on qualitative analyses or innovation capabilities outcomes (patents and products). Differently, the authors proposed a quantitative assessment framework considering specific factors (and sub-factors) of innovation capabilities in industrial clusters.
Value co-creation in the B2B context: a diagnosis of knowledge management based on multiple case studies
Authors: Bonamigo Andrei , Frech Camila Guimarães , Lopes Ana Carolina Custódio 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
This study aims to empirically investigate how organizations delivering services in business-to-business relations deal with the boundary paradox and knowledge asymmetry in value co-creation.

Design/methodology/approach
This study adopted a qualitative multiple case study strategy. Datas were gathered through 13 semi-structured interviews that were then analyzed through the content analysis.

Findings
The authors identified three mechanisms that organizations use to deal with the boundary paradox and two strategies to handle the knowledge asymmetry.

Research limitations/implications
First, no opportunities were afforded to involve more participants. Second, owning to confidentiality reasons, not all organizations provided us documents to be analyzed.

Practical implications
The findings guide managers in balancing the use of contracts and trust in inter-firm collaborations and fostering the learning of customers. Also, insights to protect knowledge based on the paradox of openness in value co-creation.

Originality/value
This study’s findings address the gap in value co-creation literature concerning the lack of empirical studies.
Examining the prominence and congruence of organizational corporate social responsibility (CSR) communication in medical tourism provider websites
Authors: Mason Alicia , Spencer Elizabeth , Barnett Kaitlin , Bouchie Jaquelyn 
Published: October 2021

PurposeThis study examines the prominence and congruence or “fit” between corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities and medical tourism providers (MTPs). In doing so, this study seeks to understand the forms of CSR commonly used in the marketing of health-care services by international MTPs.Design/methodology/approachExploratory quantitative content analysis methods are used to examine CSR communication provided by MTPs. Descriptive statistics and analyses of variance are used to analyze the data.FindingsResults show that 22% of MTP websites provided CSR information. There was a high degree of congruence or “fit” between the MTPs and the CSR. Furthermore, each MTP averaged between three and six CSR engagements demonstrating a commitment to not only the practice of CSR but also the stakeholders and communities who benefit.Research limitations/implicationsThis analysis focused on organizational websites and did not examine CSR communications delivered through alternative media channels (e.g. digital platforms, promotional brochures, print advertising, etc.).Practical implicationsThis study adds to the CSR framework in the medical tourism context by discovering what forms of CSR are commonly used in the marketing and promotion of international health services and further analyzes the strategic communication techniques used to deliver these messages.Social implicationsCSR is argued to have direct impacts on employee satisfaction, investor relations and consumer behavior; therefore, current findings may contribute to the development of measurement tools for empirical studies that test relationships between the persuasiveness of CSR messages on the attitudes of medical tourists.Originality/valueResearch inquiries into the CSR strategic communication practices help to identify strengths and opportunities, while informing reputation management and relationship-building practices.
Customer engagement in online service brand communities
Authors: Chi Ming , Harrigan Paul , Xu Yongshun 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
Online service brand communities (OBCs) are an essential services marketing channel and relationship marketing tool, in which social capital (SC) is a critical success factor. Underpinned in social identity and social exchange theories, this paper aims to explore the effects of SC on customer brand engagement (CBE), considering the roles of collective psychological ownership (CPO), customer citizenship behaviour (CCB) and perceived community support (PCS).

Design/methodology/approach
The research model was tested using survey data from 256 participants; 137 from the Xiaomi Community and 119 from the Huawei Fan Club. Partial least squares-structural equation modelling analysis was used.

Findings
SC drives CBE. CPO and CCB are important mediators, whilst PCS is an important moderator.

Practical implications
Brand marketers need to foster SC in OBCs to achieve the maximum level of customer engagement. The authors provide recommendations as to how to build structural, relational and cognitive SC, as well as CPO, CCB and PCS. In short, brand marketers need to foster an interactive, empowering and supportive environment.

Originality/value
The authors further service research around the humanisation of technology. Specifically, OBCs are social spaces for brands and customers, and a key enabler of relationship marketing principles, such as CBE. The authors test the roles of structural, cognitive and relational SC in engagement in OBCs, through CPO and CCB. This holistic picture of engagement in OBCs is an important foundation for future service research.
Dying for the job: police mortality, 1950–2018
Authors: Violanti John M. , Gu Ja K. , Charles Luenda E. , Fekedulegn Desta , Andrew Michael E. 
Published: October 2021

PurposeThis study is a mortality assessment on police officers (68-years, 1950–2018) and includes all causes of death.Design/methodology/approachThe authors investigated 1,853 police deaths (1950–2018) using sources of mortality that included the National Death Index, NY State, and available records from the Buffalo NY police department. Standardized Mortality Ratios were calculated. Death codes were obtained from 8th and 9th International Classification of Disease revisions in accordance with the year of death.FindingsCompared to the US general population, white male police officers from 1950–2018 had elevated mortality rates for some causes of death, including diseases of the circulatory system, malignant neoplasms, cirrhosis of the liver, and mental disorders. Black and female officers had lower mortality rates for all causes of death compared to the general population.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of elevated risk for chronic disease among police need to be studied in relation to stress, lifestyle, and exposure to chemical and physical agents. There is a special need to further study officers from minority populations as larger samples become available.Practical implicationsThe results of this study will provide police and occupational health practitioners with objective evidence to determine the health impact of work on law enforcement officers.Originality/valueThis study is longest running mortality assessment on police officers ever conducted (1950–2018) and includes white, black, and female officers.
Age‐specific fecundity under pathogenic threat in an insect: Terminal investment versus reproductive restraint
Authors: Jehan Charly , Sabarly Camille , Rigaud Thierry , Moret Yannick 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

The terminal investment hypothesis predicts that as an organism's prospects for survival decrease, through age or when exposed to a pathogenic infection, it will invest more in reproduction, which should trade‐off against somatic maintenance (including immunity) and therefore future survival. Attempts to test this hypothesis have produced mixed results, which, in addition, mainly rely on the assessment of changes in reproductive effort and often overlooking its impact on somatic defences and survival. Alternatively, animals may restrain current reproduction to sustain somatic protection, increasing the chance of surviving for additional reproductive opportunities.

We tested both of these hypotheses in females of the yellow mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor, an iteroparous insect with reproductive tactics similar to that of long‐lived organisms.

To achieve this, we mimicked pathogenic bacterial infections early or late in the life of breeding females by injecting them with a suspension of inactivated Bacillus cereus, a known natural pathogen of T. molitor, and measured female age‐specific fecundity, survival, body mass and immunity.

Inconsistent with a terminal investment, females given either an early or late‐life immune challenge did not exhibit reduced survival or enhance their reproductive output. Female fecundity declined with age and was reduced by the early but not the late immune challenge. Both early and late‐life fecundity correlated positively with life expectancy. Finally, young and old females exhibited similar antibacterial immune responses, suggesting that they both restrained reproduction to sustain immunity.

Our results clearly demonstrate that age‐specific reproduction of T. molitor females under pathogenic threat is inconsistent with a terminal investment. In contrast, our results instead suggest that females used a reproductive restraint strategy to sustain immunity and therefore subsequent reproductive opportunities. However, as infections were mimicked only, the fitness benefit of this reproductive restraint could not be shown.
Alternative biome states challenge the modelling of species' niche shifts under climate change
Authors: Pausas Juli G. , Bond William J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

It is common to characterise the species niche using climate and global species distribution maps. This is then used to predict changes in distribution under a warming climate. This approach assumes that climate is a major driver of species distribution and that each species responds individually (sensu Gleason) to climate.

However, in many world landscapes, for a given climate, strikingly different vegetation types co‐occur: forests and non‐forests. These two alternative biome states are maintained by different feedback processes and have radically different species with contrasting shade and disturbance tolerance traits.

We propose that to improve predictions of species distribution changes under a novel climate, we need to consider the presence or absence of forest shade, as species are likely to respond individually only within their forest or non‐forest biome, and not across biomes.

Synthesis. By considering shade as a biotic filter in niche modelling, we are not only improving our predictive capacity, but we are also reconciling the two views of communities: both the individualistic (within biome) and the organismal (across biomes) views of the community concept become relevant and complementary.
Margaret McNair Stokes (1832–1900): Negotiating Cultural Values Within Nineteenth‐Century Irish Antiquarian Discourse
Authors: NICGHABHANN NIAMH , THOMAS COLLEEN M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn her own time, Margaret McNair Stokes (1832‐1900) was an esteemed antiquarian and artist. Her work on early Christian architecture and monumental sculpture in Ireland was pioneering and foundational and continues to inform contemporary research on these topics. Facilitated by her family and their social networks, Stokes was part of an active antiquarian culture based in Dublin which involved membership of scholarly associations as well as social events both at home and on tour throughout the country. Stokes played an important role within these circles, taking on significant editorial projects as well as advancing her own research interests. However, in order to critically assess Stokes's specific contribution to Irish antiquarianism, this article examines two key aspects of her work – the development of new methodologies for the study of Irish sculptured stone monuments, and her advancement of a specific model of periodisation in relation to Irish medieval art and architecture, one which was highly nationalistic, focused on ideas of cultural purity, and which eschewed the prevailing trends within Irish antiquarianism and historiography away from politicised interpretations of the Irish early Christian and medieval past. In considering these facets of Stokes's contribution to Irish antiquarianism and historiography, this article repositions her as a pivotal figure, forging and heralding significant changes of scholarly direction in relation to the fields of research in which she engaged.
Jacqueline Dawson Chittenden: A Forgotten Classical Scholar
Authors: KOUNENI LENIA 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article explores the life and career of Jacqueline Chittenden, a classical scholar whose story and voice exist in archives across the world, but whose achievements and career have hitherto been omitted from accounts of either classical or archaeological scholarship. Chittenden was an American archaeologist, classicist, collector, curator and cataloguer with close ties to the University of Cambridge and Newnham College. Her career flourished during and in the immediate aftermath of the Second World War in Britain and is closely linked to opportunities that arose during this period. Through study of her curatorial work, collecting and academic publications, Chittenden emerges as a significant scholar whose work had important implications on the fields of archaeology and classics, and one whose work was shaped, and limited, by her gender. Chittenden's input in wartime Greek art exhibitions emphasised the voice of Greek women and their art of embroidery, revealing their contribution to the heritage of ancient Greece. This article discusses and evaluates Chittenden's work in order to give a better understanding of the significant role of women in the study of the material culture of the past and, in particular, the historiography of women's art and ancient religion.
Women and History Now: A Conversation
Authors: HARRIS ALANA , THORNTON AMARA , CARR HELEN , BRUNSON TAKKARA 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs part of this special issue of History, we invited four scholars working across academia and public history roles in the UK and US to respond to a series of questions relating to their work as historians today: Alana Harris, Takkara Brunson, Amara Thornton and Helen Carr. In foregrounding diverse textual, material and digital modes of historical work being undertaken by women in our own moment, the following conversation is intended as an expansion of many of the themes raised across this issue. It looks to some of the difficulties faced by practitioners of history today and the innovative mechanisms being developed in order to meet those challenges.
Redistribution attitudes and vote choice across the educational divide
Authors: ATTEWELL DAVID 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHow does the educational divide impact contemporary redistributive politics in the knowledge economy? Traditional political economy models which see education as a labour market asset predict the relatively secure educated will oppose redistribution, while the precarious less‐educated will support it. In contrast, a conception of education as a marker of social status suggests that the less‐educated may be more inclined than status‐secure university graduates to draw harsh boundaries against welfare state beneficiaries as a means to maintain social esteem. Building on both theoretical approaches, I analyze 2016 European Social Survey data from 15 Western European countries. I find that education has a negative relationship to support for an expansive welfare state. By contrast, education is strongly positively associated with perceptions of welfare state beneficiaries as deserving.This has implications for education as a structural divide in electoral politics. Evidence that attitudes towards the scope of the welfare state mediate the effects of education on vote choice is mixed. However, KHB mediation analyses decomposing the effects of education on vote choice reveal that deservingness perceptions are a particularly substantial mediator of education effects on voting for radical right and green parties. This explains in part why these parties represent the poles of the educational divide, whose attitudinal basis is usually understood to be socio‐cultural rather than redistributive.