bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arabidopsis PAP17 is a dual-localized purple acid phosphatase up-regulated during phosphate deprivation, senescence, and oxidative stress
Authors: O’Gallagher Bryden , Ghahremani Mina , Stigter Kyla , Walker Emma J L , Pyc Michal , Liu Ang-Yu , MacIntosh Gustavo C , Mullen Robert T , Plaxton William C 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A 35 kDa monomeric purple acid phosphatase (APase) was purified from cell wall extracts of Pi starved (–Pi) Arabidopsis thaliana suspension cells and identified as AtPAP17 (At3g17790) by mass spectrometry and N-terminal microsequencing. AtPAP17 was de novo synthesized and dual-localized to the secretome and/or intracellular fraction of –Pi or salt-stressed plants, or senescing leaves. Transiently expressed AtPAP17–green fluorescent protein localized to lytic vacuoles of the Arabidopsis suspension cells. No significant biochemical or phenotypical changes associated with AtPAP17 loss of function were observed in an atpap17 mutant during Pi deprivation, leaf senescence, or salinity stress. Nevertheless, AtPAP17 is hypothesized to contribute to Pi metabolism owing to its marked up-regulation during Pi starvation and leaf senescence, broad APase substrate selectivity and pH activity profile, and rapid repression and turnover following Pi resupply to –Pi plants. While AtPAP17 also catalyzed the peroxidation of luminol, which was optimal at pH 9.2, it exhibited a low Vmax and affinity for hydrogen peroxide relative to horseradish peroxidase. These results, coupled with absence of a phenotype in the salt-stressed or –Pi atpap17 mutant, do not support proposals that the peroxidase activity of AtPAP17 contributes to the detoxification of reactive oxygen species during stresses that trigger AtPAP17 up-regulation.
Predicting halo occupation and galaxy assembly bias with machine learning
Authors: Xu Xiaoju , Kumar Saurabh , Zehavi Idit , Contreras Sergio 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Understanding the impact of halo properties beyond halo mass on the clustering of galaxies (namely galaxy assembly bias) remains a challenge for contemporary models of galaxy clustering. We explore the use of machine learning to predict the halo occupations and recover galaxy clustering and assembly bias in a semi-analytic galaxy formation model. For stellar mass selected samples, we train a random forest algorithm on the number of central and satellite galaxies in each dark matter halo. With the predicted occupations, we create mock galaxy catalogues and measure the clustering and assembly bias. Using a range of halo and environment properties, we find that the machine learning predictions of the occupancy variations with secondary properties, galaxy clustering, and assembly bias are all in excellent agreement with those of our target galaxy formation model. Internal halo properties are most important for the central galaxies prediction, while environment plays a critical role for the satellites. Our machine learning models are all provided in a usable format. We demonstrate that machine learning is a powerful tool for modelling the galaxy–halo connection, and can be used to create realistic mock galaxy catalogues which accurately recover the expected occupancy variations, galaxy clustering, and galaxy assembly bias, imperative for cosmological analyses of upcoming surveys.
X-ray reverberation models of the disc wind in ultraluminous X-ray source NGC 5408 X−1
Authors: Luangtip W , Chainakun P , Loekkesee S , Deesamer C , Ngonsamrong T , Sintusiri T 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Majority of ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are believed to be super-Eddington objects, providing a nearby prototype for studying an accretion in supercritical regime. In this work, we present the study of time-lag spectra of the ULX NGC 5408 X−1 using a reverberation mapping technique. The time-lag data were binned using two different methods: time-averaged-based and luminosity-based spectral bins. These spectra were fitted using two proposed geometric models: single and multiple photon scattering models. While both models similarly assume that a fraction of hard photons emitted from inner accretion disc could be downscattered with the super-Eddington outflowing wind becoming lagged, soft photons, they are different by the number that the hard photons scattering with the wind, i.e. single versus multiple times. In case of an averaged spectrum, both models consistently constrained the mass of ULX in the range of ∼80–500 M⊙. However, for the modelling results from the luminosity-based spectra, the confidence interval of the BH mass is significantly improved and is constrained to the range of ∼75–90 M⊙. In addition, the models suggest that the wind geometry is extended in which the photons could downscatter with the wind at the distance of ∼104–10$^{6}\, r_{\rm g}$. The results also suggest the variability of the lag spectra as a function of ULX luminosity, but the clear trend of changing accretion disc geometry with the spectral variability is not observed.
A rheumatoid arthritis patient with delivery who started certolizumab pegol and tacrolimus during pregnancy
Authors: Ito Satoshi , Ishikawa Hajime , Kato Ryuta 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
We experienced a patient in her 30s with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who achieved delivery with the use of certolizumab pegol (CZP) and tacrolimus (TAC) during pregnancy. She developed RA in X - 3 year and was treated with salazosulfapyridine (SASP). In X - 2 year, she became pregnant and discontinued SASP and had a normal delivery despite joint pain during pregnancy. She restarted SASP in X - 1 year and became pregnant again in X year. She experienced a flare-up of RA and was referred to our rheumatic centre. We introduced CZP and TAC, and she discontinued these agents and started prednisolone just before delivery. There is reportedly minimal placental transfer of CZP because of its Fc-free structure, since the Fc part of CZP is replaced by polyethylene glycol. TAC was contraindicated during pregnancy until 2018, but its usage in such patients is now approved. Despite the flare-up of RA during pregnancy, we were able to reduce the disease activity by introducing CZP and TAC during pregnancy. We believe that the present findings support the efficacy of this approach for treating RA flare during pregnancy.
Digital Mandates and Their Management: Strategies for Usage of Social Media by Brazilian Federal Legislators
Authors: de Barros Antonio Teixeira , Bernardes Cristiane Brum , de Faria Cristiano Ferri Soares , Busanello Elisabete 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The study aims to analyse the strategies adopted by the Brazilian Federal Chamber of Deputies during the period 2019–2022 (56th legislature) on social media platforms. The survey with political advisers includes the following platforms: Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, Twitter, WhatsApp, Telegram and LinkedIn. The sample consists of 155 informants, 30.21% of the total of 513 parliamentary offices. The conclusions show that 65% of the offices adopt specific strategies for each type of social media, although there is a wider principle, which is the constitution of multi-networks, in a coordinated and complementary way. Within these strategies, the disclosure regarding the parliamentarian’s own actions and the agenda of their electoral bases is prioritized over institutional legislative activities.
Plant 3D Chromatin Organization: Important Insights from Chromosome Conformation Capture Analyses of the Last 10 Years
Authors: Zhang Xinxin , Wang Tianzuo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOver the past few decades, eukaryotic linear genomes and epigenomes have been widely and extensively studied for understanding gene expression regulation. More recently, the three-dimensional (3D) chromatin organization was found to be important for determining genome functionality, finely tuning physiological processes for appropriate cellular responses. With the development of visualization techniques and chromatin conformation capture (3C)-based techniques, increasing evidence indicates that chromosomal architecture characteristics and chromatin domains with different epigenetic modifications in the nucleus are correlated with transcriptional activities. Subsequent studies have further explored the intricate interplay between 3D genome organization and the function of interacting regions. In this review, we summarize spatial distribution patterns of chromatin, including chromatin positioning, configurations and domains, with a particular focus on the effect of a unique form of interaction between varieties of factors that shape the 3D genome conformation in plants. We further discuss the methods, advantages and limitations of various 3C-based techniques, highlighting the applications of these technologies in plants to identify chromatin domains, and address their dynamic changes and functional implications in evolution, and adaptation to development and changing environmental conditions. Moreover, the future implications and emerging research directions of 3D genome organization are discussed.
Evaluating the Efficacy of Intratympanic Dexamethasone in Protecting Against Irreversible Hearing Loss in Patients on Cisplatin-Based Cancer Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Phase IIIB Clinical Trial
Authors: Moreno Inmaculada , Belinchon Antonio 
Published: September 2021

Objective:
To determine the efficacy of long-term high-dose intratympanic dexamethasone in protecting the hearing capacity of cancer patients undergoing cisplatin-based ototoxic treatment.

Design:
A randomized controlled phase IIIB clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of dexamethasone in protecting against hearing loss in patients undergoing cisplatin treatment. The subjects participating in the clinical trial were patients with a neoplastic disease whose treatment protocol included cisplatin. The average dose of cisplatin was 444.87 mg (SD 235.2 mg). Treatment consisted of intratympanically administering dexamethasone via a passive diffusion device called Microwick (8 mg/24 h dose) from the start of treatment with cisplatin to 3 weeks after the last cycle. Patients were administered the medication to one ear, and the contralateral ear was used as the control. The treated ears were randomly chosen using a computer system (randomization). The hearing threshold was evaluated using pure tone audiometry before each cisplatin cycle.

Results:
Thirty-four patients were recruited over a 2-year period at a reference tertiary hospital, of whom 11 were excluded. Forty-six ears were analyzed (23 treated and 23 control ears). When treatment was completed, the audiometric analysis showed a higher hearing threshold in the study group than in the control group. Differences were statistically significant at frequencies of 500, 1000, and 6000 Hz: 4.9 dB (1.1 to 8.7), 5.5 dB (0.8 to 10.3), and 16 dB (3.2 to 28.7), respectively, (p < 0.05, 95% confidence interval), but were not clinically significant according to the ASHA hearing loss criteria. Both 8.69% infection complications during treatment and 34.8% permanent perforation at 6 mo were detected after device removal.

Conclusions:
Long-term high-dose intratympanic dexamethasone treatment did not prevent cisplatin-induced hearing loss.
Epidemiology and factors predicting survival of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in a large Chinese cohort
Authors: Gao Ming , Liu Na , Li Xue-Mei , Chao Liu-Wen , Lin Hong-Qi , Wang Yan , Sun Yan , Huang Chen , Li Xiao-Gang , Deng Min 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background:
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder associated with loss of motor neurons. Our objective was to explore the epidemiology, clinical features, and survival factors of 1809 patients with ALS.

Methods:
We analyzed 1809 ALS patients, who were recruited from the Peking University Third Hospital from January 2005 to December 2015. Demographic data and disease-related parameters were collected. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to compare survival time. Cox proportional hazards function and the hazard ratio were used to identify adjusted prognostic predictors.

Results:
The results showed that the average annual incidence in Beijing alone was 0.38 cases/100,000 person-years and the mean age of onset was 48.88 ± 11.35 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 48.17–49.85) years. The median survival time from onset to death/tracheostomy was 58.89 ± 33.03 (95% CI: 51.46–63.84) months. In the adjusted Cox proportional hazard model, age of onset, diagnosis delay, rate of disease progression (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale Revised decline [points/month]), and body mass index all had an independent effect on survival in ALS.

Conclusions:
Our study provides information on epidemiology, clinical features, and survival factors of patients with ALS in China. These results can be helpful in clinical practice, clinical trial design, and validation of new tools to predict disease progression.
Concordance of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Histologic Grading Among Dermatopathologists and Mohs Surgeons
Authors: Prezzano James C. , Scott Glynis A. , Lambert Smith Franki , Mannava Kathleen A. , Ibrahim Sherrif F. 
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND
Current staging systems for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) incorporate histologic grade. There are no universally agreed on criteria to define differentiation for cSCC.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the interrater and intrarater reliability among dermatopathologists and Mohs surgeons in grading histological differentiation for cSCC.

METHODS AND MATERIALS
One hundred thirty-one archived slides were selected. Three dermatopathologists and 3 Mohs surgeons graded the tumors in a blinded manner (Round 1). In an attempt to improve concordance, all 6 participants were then asked to regrade the tumors based on a devised quantitative grading scale (Round 2).

RESULTS
For Round 1, overall κ was 0.56 corresponding to a weak agreement. κ for well, moderate, and poorly differentiated tumors was 0.68, 0.39, and 0.59, respectively, corresponding to moderate, minimal, and weak concordance. For Round 2 of the study, overall κ was 0.60, with κ = 0.75, 0.46, and 0.61 for well, moderate, and poorly differentiated tumors, respectively. Overall intrarater reliability was 0.70 (κ = 0.70, 0.77, 0.68, 0.71, 0.56, and 0.75), corresponding to a moderate concordance.

CONCLUSION
Overall concordance for cSCC histologic grading is weak to moderate among the experimental group. Substantial differences in concordance exist among histological degrees of differentiation, with lowest agreement in moderately differentiated tumors.
Evaluation of coronary stenosis versus plaque burden for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk assessment and management
Authors: Dzaye Omar , Razavi Alexander C. , Blaha Michael J. , Mortensen Martin Bødtker 
Published: September 2021

Purpose of review
To provide a summary of recent literature on the relative impact of luminal stenosis versus atherosclerotic plaque burden in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk stratification and management.

Recent findings
Recent results from both randomized controlled clinical trials as well as observational cohort studies have demonstrated that ASCVD risk is mediated mainly by the extent of atherosclerotic disease burden rather than by the presence of coronary stenosis or inducible ischemia. Although patients with obstructive CAD are generally at higher risk for ASCVD events than patients with nonobstructive CAD, this is driven by a higher plaque burden in those with obstructive CAD. Accordingly, the ASCVD risk for a given plaque burden is similar in patients with and without obstructive CAD. Accompanying these observations are randomized controlled trial data, which show that optimization of medical therapy instead of early revascularization is most important for improving prognosis in patients with stable obstructive CAD.

Summary
Emerging evidence shows that atherosclerotic plaque burden, and not stenosis per se, is the main driver of ASCVD risk in patients with CAD. This information challenges the current paradigm of selecting patients for intensive secondary prevention measures based primarily on the presence of obstructive CAD.
Distinct pathological mechanisms distinguish acute coronary syndrome caused by plaque erosion from plaque rupture
Authors: Meteva Denitsa , Seppelt Claudio , Abdelwahed Youssef S. , Leistner David M. 
Published: September 2021

Purpose of review
The current systematic review aims to provide novel insights into the distinct pathological features of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with intact fibrous cap, also known as ‘plaque erosion’. A more detailed understanding of its underlying pathomechanisms provides the basis for future personalized therapeutic approaches to ACS.

Recent findings
In the past years, a mounting proportion of evidence point towards the concept of plaque erosion being responsible for more than one-third of all cases of ACS and representing an autonomous ACS-causing entity driven by biomechanical forces, immunological alternations and systemic elevation of inflammatory mediators. First pilot studies proved a therapeutic paradigm shift from primary PCI at the ACS-causing culprit lesion to systemic therapies in patients with ACS caused by plaque erosion.

Summary
This review provides the current status of the broad basic and clinical studies focused to the topic of plaque erosion: a new ACS-causing pathophysiology with different pathological aspects providing appropriate implications for personalized therapies in ACS.
Current evidence on the safety and efficacy of combined atrial fibrillation ablation and left atrial appendage closure
Authors: Mo Bin-Feng , Lian Xiao-Ming , Li Yi-Gang 
Published: September 2021

Purpose of review
Combined atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation and left atrial (LA) appendage (LAA) closure (LAAC) has been practiced for management of both the symptoms and the high stroke risk of AF. The purpose of this review is to review recent evidence regarding the combined procedure.

Recent findings
Newly acquired long-term data of combined AF ablation and LAAC supplied satisfactory evidence on the safety and efficacy of the combined procedure. Studies also showed LA structural remodeling following combined procedure was mainly affected by sinus rhythm status post catheter ablation, not by LAAC. A cost-effectiveness study revealed that combined procedure was a cost-effective therapeutic option in symptomatic AF patients with high stroke and bleeding risk. Due to recent evidence of high incidences of LAA thrombus formation after LAA electrical isolation (LAAEI) and benefit of LAAC after LAAEI, an extended combined procedure of standard AF ablation plus LAAEI and LAAC was considered as a potential therapeutic option for persistent AF patients with high stroke risk.

Summary
In conclusion, combined AF ablation and LAAC serve as a promising option for patients with symptomatic AF and high risk of stroke and/or bleeding.
The Treatment of Obesity in Cardiac Rehabilitation
Authors: Ades Philip A. , Savage Patrick D. 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs have evolved from exercise-only programs designed to improve cardiorespiratory fitness to secondary prevention programs with a broader mandate to alter lifestyle-related behaviors that control cardiac risk factors and, thereby, reduce overall cardiovascular risk. As the obesity epidemic has evolved in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the metabolic syndrome have soared and blunted the otherwise expected downturn in deaths from coronary heart disease related to better control of risk factors. In that the causes of obesity are behavioral in origin, the most effective treatment strategy requires a comprehensive, behavioral-based approach.

Purpose:
In this review, we outline optimal lifestyle approaches that can be delivered in the CR setting to assist cardiac patients with their long-term goals of reducing weight and improving cardiac risk factors while concurrently improving cardiorespiratory fitness. We also performed a survey of CR program throughout the United States and found that only 8% currently deliver a behavioral weight programs.

Conclusions:
Cardiac rehabilitation programs need to take on an important challenge of secondary prevention, which is to develop behavioral weight loss programs to assist cardiac patients to lose weight and, thereby, improve multiple risk factors and long-term prognosis.
CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND VISUAL OUTCOMES IN ENDOPHTHALMITIS AFTER KERATOPROSTHESIS IMPLANTATION
Authors: Lee Terry , Robbins Cason B. , Wisely Clayton E. , Grewal Dilraj S. , Daluvoy Melissa B. , Fekrat Sharon 
Published: September 2021

Purpose:To describe the presentation, microbiology, management, and prognosis of eyes with endophthalmitis after Boston keratoprosthesis implantation.Methods:Retrospective case series with history, diagnostics, management, and outcomes data in endophthalmitis after keratoprosthesis implantation presenting to a tertiary center between 2009 and 2020.Results:Of 137 keratoprosthesis-implanted eyes, 7 eyes of 7 patients (5%) developed endophthalmitis. On presentation, 6 (86%) reported decreased visual acuity, and only 1 (14%) reported pain. Peripheral corneal ulcers were present in 2 eyes (29%). Seidel testing was negative in all cases. Six eyes (86%) had retroprosthetic membranes. One (14%) underwent initial pars plana vitrectomy with mechanical vitreous biopsy, whereas 6 (86%) received a needle vitreous tap—half of which were dry. Organisms were isolated after vitreous tap in two eyes:Streptococcus intermediusandMycobacterium abscessus. The mean visual acuity preendophthalmitis, at presentation, and at 6 months were 20/267, 20/5,944, and 20/734, respectively. The visual acuity improved 9.08 ± 11.78 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study lines from presentation to 6 months. Six-month visual acuity was correlated with preendophthalmitis visual acuity (r = 0.92,P= 0.003) but not presenting visual acuity (P= 0.838).Conclusion:Visual acuity at 6 months is correlated with preendophthalmitis visual acuity, not presenting visual acuity. Endophthalmitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of painless intraocular inflammation any time after keratoprosthesis implantation, even if Seidel negative.