bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sociality, resilience and agency: how did young Australians experience online learning during Covid-19?
Authors: Naidoo Loshini , D’warte Jacqueline , Gannon Susanne , Jacobs Rachael 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn 2020 when schooling was abruptly reconfigured by the pandemic, young people were required to demonstrate new capabilities to manage their learning and their wellbeing. This paper reports on the feelings, thoughts and experiences of eight Year 9 and 10 students in NSW and Victoria about the initial period of online learning in Australian schools that resulted from the Covid-19 pandemic. Beyond dominant narratives of vulnerability and losses in learning, our participants offered counternarratives that stressed their capacities to rise and meet the times. We trace three central themes on how they: found moments of agency that increased their confidence, reconfigured resilience as a socially responsible set of practices, deployed sociality as a resource for the benefit of themselves and others. The pandemic opened up conversations with young people about where and how learning takes place and how schools might adapt and respond to young people’s growing sense of urgency about the future of schooling.
Multivariable connected sums and multiple polylogarithms
Authors: Kawamura Hanamichi , Maesaka Takumi , Seki Shin-ichiro 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe introduce the multivariable connected sum which is a generalization of Seki–Yamamoto’s connected sum and prove the fundamental identity for these sums by series manipulation. This identity yields explicit procedures for evaluating multivariable connected sums and for giving relations among special values of multiple polylogarithms. In particular, our class of relations contains Ohno’s relations for multiple polylogarithms.
Deterministic Dual Control of Phase Competition in Strained BiFeO3: A Multiparametric Structural Lithography Approach
Authors: Black Nathan , Edwards David , Browne Niall , Guy Joseph G. M. , Sharma Niyorjyoti , Holsgrove Kristina M. , Naden Aaron B. , McQuaid Raymond G. P. , Rodriguez Brian J. , Kumar Amit 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe realization of a mixed-phase microstructure in strained BiFeO3 (BFO) thin films has led to numerous novel effects derived from the coexistence of the tetragonal-like monoclinic phase (T phase) and rhombohedral-like monoclinic phase (R phase). Strong strain and polarization differences between the phases should result in a high level of transformation plasticity, which enables the continuous alteration of the relative proportion of R and T states in response to external forces. Although the potential for utilizing such plasticity to control mixed-phase populations under external stimuli is evident, direct experimental evidence backed by equilibrium predictions has not yet been fully demonstrated. Here we demonstrate deterministic control of mixed-phase populations in an epitaxially strained BFO thin film through the application of localized stresses and electric fields in a reversible manner. The results illustrate and rationalize deterministic control of mixed phases in strained BFO films, which could be crucial in tuning their functional properties. The findings also highlight a new multiparametric technique in the scanning probe lithography toolbox based on tip-assisted electric and strain field manipulation of functional properties that might find application beyond the ferroelectric domain and structural phase lithography.
Wie können Abrufübungen (nicht) für das Lernen in Schule und Hochschule relevant gemacht werden?
Authors: Roelle Julian , Endres Tino , Renkl Alexander 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungEs gibt eine beeindruckende Menge an Evidenz dafür, dass Abrufübungen das langfristige Behalten von Wissen bedeutend fördern können (oftmals als Testungs- oder Abrufübungseffekt bezeichnet). Es gibt allerdings auch Arbeiten, die zu kritischeren Schlüssen in Bezug auf den Nutzen von Abrufübungen kommen – insbesondere, was den Nutzen in Kontexten anbetrifft, in denen ein tiefes Verständnis komplexer Lerninhalte erworben werden soll. In diesem Beitrag werden die verschiedenen Sichtweisen auf den Nutzen von Abrufübungen mit einer zweifachen Zielsetzung reflektiert. Zum einen werden drei zentrale zu klärende Fragenkomplexe herausgearbeitet, deren Beantwortung von großer Relevanz für die breite Anwendung von Abrufübungen im Rahmen schulischen und hochschulischen Lernens wäre und es wird herausgestellt, inwiefern die Beiträge dieses Themenhefts zur Beantwortung dieser Fragenkomplexe beitragen. Zum anderen werden, ebenfalls informiert von den vier Beiträgen dieses Themenhefts, fünf Empfehlungen für Lehrkräfte formuliert, um bei der Gestaltung von Lehrveranstaltungen vom Erkenntnisstand zu Effekten von Abrufübungen profitieren zu können.
Putin, der Cliotherapeut. Überdosis an Geschichte und politisierte Erinnerungskonflikte in Osteuropa
Authors: Gestwa Klaus 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag trägt verschiedene geschichtspolitische Interventionen in Osteuropa zusammen und diskutiert vor allem am Beispiel der Geschichtspolitik des russischen Präsidenten Putin Versuche, durch historische Umdeutungen politische Ziele zu legitimieren und von gesellschaftlichen Krisen abzulenken. Zunächst werden die zivilgesellschaftlichen Ursprünge sowie Kommerzialisierung und Institutionalisierung des geschichtlichen Interesses in den post-sowjetischen Ländern skizziert. Anschließend analysiert der Beitrag am Beispiel des russisch-estnischen Denkmalstreits sowie einer Auseinandersetzung über die Interpretation des Zweiten Weltkriegs die Bedeutung von Geschichtspolitik als Mittel von Spaltung oder Versöhnung. Die geschichtspolitische Landschaft in Osteuropa wird als umkämpftes „Schlachtfeld der Erinnerungen“ charakterisiert.
The immunology and immunotherapy for COVID-19
Authors: Liu Yixin , Zhou Xinsheng , Liu Xuan , Jiang Xiaotao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and significantly impacts the world economy and daily life. Symptoms of COVID-19 range from asymptomatic to fever, dyspnoea, acute respiratory distress and multiple organ failure. Critical cases often occur in the elderly and patients with pre-existing conditions. By binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor, SARS-CoV-2 can enter and replicate in the host cell, exerting a cytotoxic effect and causing local and systemic inflammation. Currently, there is no specific treatment for COVID-19, and immunotherapy has consistently attracted attention because of its essential role in boosting host immunity to the virus and reducing overwhelming inflammation. In this review, we summarise the immunopathogenic features of COVID-19 and highlight recent advances in immunotherapy to illuminate ideas for the development of new potential therapies.
Sustained reductions in unnecessary antimicrobial administration and hospital Clostridioides difficile rates via stewardship in a nonacademic setting
Authors: Gaffin Neil , Spellberg Brad 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA large community hospital sought to reduce its burden of hospital-acquired Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). We implemented an antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP), resulting in marked reductions in unnecessary antimicrobial use, CDI rates, antimicrobial acquisition costs, with preservation of gram-negative susceptibilities. ASP programs are effective in a community setting.
Optimisation of the geometry of axisymmetric point-absorber wave energy converters
Authors: Edwards Emma C. , Yue Dick K.-P. 
Published: December 2021

We propose a scientifically rigorous framework to find realistic optimal geometries of wave energy converters (WECs). For specificity, we assume WECs to be axisymmetric point absorbers in a monochromatic unidirectional incident wave, all within the context of linearised potential theory. We consider separately the problem of a WEC moving and extracting wave energy in heave only and then the more general case of motion and extraction in combined heave, surge and pitch. We describe the axisymmetric geometries using polynomial basis functions, allowing for discontinuities in slope. Our framework involves ensuring maximum power, specifying practical motion constraints and then minimising surface area (as a proxy for cost). The framework is robust and well-posed, and the optimisation produces feasible WEC geometries. Using the proposed framework, we develop a systematic computational and theoretical approach, and we obtain results and insights for the optimal WEC geometries. The optimisation process is sped up significantly by a new theoretical result to obtain roots of the heave resonance equation. For both the heave-only, and the heave-surge-pitch combined problems, we find that geometries which protrude outward below the waterline are generally optimal. These optimal geometries have up to 73 % less surface area and 90 % less volume than the optimal cylinders which extract the same power.
Commodity Shocks and Incumbency Effects
Authors: Novaes Lucas M. , Schiumerini Luis 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWhy do incumbents enjoy an electoral advantage in some political settings but suffer from a disadvantage in others? We propose a novel explanation linking variation in incumbency effects with exogenous commodity shocks. While voters attempt to sanction incumbents for economic performance, changes in commodity prices affect their evaluations and condition the electoral fortunes of incumbents vis-à-vis challengers. We test our argument in Brazilian municipalities, combining a plausibly exogenous measure of variation in commodity prices with a close election regression discontinuity design. Our results show that increases in the price of agricultural commodities greatly enhance the prospects of incumbents, while negative shocks exacerbate their incumbency disadvantage, especially in rural municipalities. Further investigation suggests that commodity shocks do not operate via voter learning about candidate quality, changes in the pool of candidates, shifts in voter preferences, or strategic elite investments. Instead, we find suggestive evidence that commodity shocks affect voters' evaluations through their effect on local economic growth.
Phantom Pains: The Effect of Police Killings of Black Americans on Black British Attitudes
Authors: Laniyonu Ayobami 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWhat effect does black politics in the United States have on the attitudes of black citizens in other national contexts? Literature on the black diaspora and transnationalism has characterized cultural and political linkages between black communities in North America, the Caribbean, and Europe, especially during the mid-20th century. In this article, I exploit random timing in the administration of a public attitudes survey to demonstrate that such linkages persist and that the police killing of Eric Garner in 2014 negatively affected black Londoners’ attitudes toward the Metropolitan Police. Notably, I find the effect was largely concentrated among black Londoners: estimates of an effect on white and South Asian Londoners were small and largely insignificant. The evidence presented here demonstrates that racial violence in the United States can affect racial politics in other national contexts and helps frame the emergence of Black Lives Matter chapters and protests beyond the United States.
The use of N-terminal (1–76) pro-brain natriuretic peptide in the aetiology of severe respiratory distress in the paediatric emergency department
Authors: Doğan Eser , Turan Caner , Yurtseven Ali , Turan Benay , Saz Eylem Ulaş 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroduction:Acute respiratory distress is one of the most common reasons for paediatric emergency visits. Paediatric patients require rapid diagnosis and treatment. Our aim in this study was to use N-terminal (1–76) pro-brain natriuretic peptide to differentiate respiratory distress of cardiac and pulmonary origin in children. Our aim was to investigate the role of N-terminal (1–76) pro-brain natriuretic peptide in the detection of patients with new-onset heart failure in the absence of an underlying congenital heart anomaly.Methods:All children aged 0–18 years who presented to the paediatric emergency department due to severe respiratory distress were included in the study prospectively. The patients’ demographic characteristics, presenting complaints, clinical findings, and N-terminal (1–76) pro-brain natriuretic peptide concentrations, were investigated. In patients with severe Pediatric Respiratory Severity Score, congestive heart failure score was calculated using the modified Ross Score.Results:This study included 47 children between the ages of 1 month and 14 years. The median N-terminal (1–76) pro-brain natriuretic peptide concentration was 5717 (IQR:16158) pg/mL in the 25 patients with severe respiratory distress due to heart failure and in the 22 patients with severe respiratory distress due to lung pathology was 437 (IQR:874) pg/mL (p < 0.001). In the 25 patients with severe respiratory distress due to heart failure, 8281 (IQR:8372) pg/mL in the 16 patients with underlying congenital heart anomalies, and 1983 (IQR:2150) pg/mL in the 9 patients without a congenital heart anomaly (p < 0.001). The 45 patients in the control group had a median N-terminal (1–76) pro-brain natriuretic peptide concentration of 47.2 (IQR:56.2) pg/mL.Conclusion:Using scoring systems in combination with N-terminal (1–76) pro-brain natriuretic peptide cut-off values can help direct and manage treatment.
Effect of bilingualism on infants’ cognitive flexibility
Authors: Poulin-Dubois Diane , Neumann Cassandra , Masoud Sandra , Gazith Adina 
Published: December 2021

AbstractResearch suggests that bilinguals often outperform monolinguals on tasks that tap into executive functions, such as those requiring conflict resolution and cognitive flexibility. Recently, better attentional control has been detected in infants as young as 6 months, thereby providing a possible basis for a cognitive benefit before language production. The goal of the present study was to examine if cognitive flexibility is more advanced in bilingual infants. A detour reaching task assessing conflict resolution, a delayed response task assessing shifting, and a multiple location task assessing maintaining, were administered to 17-month-old infants. The main findings revealed that being bilingual did not improve performance on any of the executive function tasks. Furthermore, current exposure to a second language or language proficiency did not impact executive functioning. We conclude that a bilingual advantage in cognitive flexibility may not be present before children have enough experience in code switching.
A simple and effective broadband decoupling structure for UWB-MIMO antenna
Authors: Zhai Huiqing , Zhang Kunming , Huo Yu , Guo Chaozong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A new type of closed square ring decoupling structure is proposed in this letter, which can effectively reduce the coupling of antennas. The designed antenna is composed of two elliptical monopoles and a common ground loaded with a broadband parasitic decoupling structure. Considering the impedance matching, each antenna element is changed from the original rectangular microstrip feed to a tapered microstrip feed and etched a circular slot on the elliptical monopole patch. By comparison with the original antenna without any decoupling structure, through loading the broadband decoupling structure on the ground, the antenna isolation is improved by 10 dB in most frequency bands. Comparing simulation and measurement results, the antenna achieves better than 25 dB isolation over the whole operating band (3.3–12 GHz). By manufacturing and testing the antenna designed in this article, the excellent performance parameters obtained also prove that the antenna can be used in portable devices.
Suppression of Ionospheric Irregularity Due to Auroral Particle Impact
Authors: Takahashi Toru , Spicher Andres , Di Mare Francesca , Rowland Douglas E. , Pfaff Robert F. , Collier Michael R. , Clausen Lasse Boy Novock , Moen Jøran Idar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe VISIONS‐2 35.039 sounding rocket was launched from Ny‐Ålesund, Svalbard, on 7 December 2018 at 11:06 UT, and traveled overhead of the cusp aurora. The payload reached an apogee of 806.6 km and provided measurements of the electric field (E) and electron density (Ne) with a high sampling rate of 6,250 Hz. The high‐sampling‐data make it possible to estimate the horizontal structure of E and Ne on scales ranging from meters to kilometers scale. The horizontal variation in the electron density and electric field (ΔNe/Ne and ΔE) and integrated power of Ne and E (ΣPNe and ΣPE) for 1–10, 10–100, and 100–1,000 Hz range were derived. The derived values were compared with the 557.7 and 630.0 nm emission intensities obtained from an all‐sky camera installed in Ny‐Ålesund projected at the footprint of the rocket, which was calculated by tracing the Earth's magnetic field line from the rocket altitude to the emission layer. ΔNe/Ne, ΔE, ΣPNe, and ΣPE increased with the 630.0 nm emission intensity. Of particular interest is the lower level irregularity was observed when the 557.7 nm emission intensity exceeded 4.5 kR compared with other time interval. This may suggest that particle impact ionization created sufficient Pedersen conductance in the E‐region to short the F‐region current. This short‐circuit seemed to cause the suppression of the irregularities in the F‐region and lower level irregularities were also observed in the rocket altitude.
Incision of Submarine Channels Over Pockmark Trains in the South China Sea
Authors: Yu Kaiqi , Miramontes Elda , Alves Tiago M. , Li Wei , Liang Linlin , Li Shuang , Zhan Wenhuan , Wu Shiguo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe genesis of submarine channels is often controlled by gravity flows, but channels can also be formed by oceanographic processes. Using multibeam bathymetry and two‐dimensional seismic data from the western South China Sea, this study reveals how pockmarks can ultimately form channels under the effect of bottom currents and gravity‐driven sedimentary processes. We demonstrate that alongslope and across‐slope channels were initiated by pockmark trains on the seafloor. Discrete pockmarks were elongated due to the erosion of gravity‐driven sedimentary processes and bottom currents, and later coalesced to form immature channels with irregular thalwegs. These gradually evolved into mature channels with continuous overbanks and smooth thalwegs. Submarine channel evolution was significantly influenced by seafloor topography since the Late Miocene. The evolutionary model documented here is a key to understanding how channels are formed in deep‐water environments.
The MJO From CMIP5 to CMIP6: Perspectives From Tracking MJO Precipitation
Authors: Chen Guiwan , Ling Jian , Zhang Rongwang , Xiao Ziniu , Li Chongyin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractReproducing the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) remains a challenge in many climate models. This study compares the MJO simulation skills in 17 pairs of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) simulations. Generally, the MJO characteristics are better reproduced in CMIP6, their inter‐model spreads are obviously reduced in CMIP6. However, most CMIP6 models still underestimate the frequency of MJO initiation over the Indian Ocean and the MJO amplitude, exaggerate the barrier effect of the Maritime Continent (MC) on MJO propagation. Models with lower MJO simulation skills in their CMIP5 versions show improvements in CMIP6, while other models tend to show degraded MJO simulation skills in CMIP6. The possible reasons for the apparent improvements of MJO simulations from CMIP5 to CMIP6 in six models was further explored. It was found that the enhanced land precipitation over the MC prior to the MJO convection entering this region is more obvious in CMIP6.
Competitive Influences of Different Plasma Waves on the Pitch Angle Distribution of Energetic Electrons Inside and Outside Plasmasphere
Authors: Li L. Y. , Yu J. , Cao J. B. , Chen L. J. , Reeves G. D. , Blake J. B. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBy analyzing the Van Allen Probe B observations and 2‐D simulations, we found that the competitive influences of different plasma waves on the pitch angle distribution of energetic electrons (hundreds of keV) depend on density of ambient plasmas and relative intensity of waves. In the high‐density plasmasphere (>70 cm−3), plasmaspheric hiss is able to effectively remove small pitch angle electrons (<60°), while the participation of intense magnetosonic (MS) waves merely increases part of large pitch angle electrons (>60°). The combined diffusions by the two waves create pancake‐like electron pitch angle distributions in the high‐density region. Outside the plasmapause, the same‐intensity MS waves and weak exohiss waves mainly reduce large pitch angle electrons and thus create butterfly‐like pitch angle distributions in the low‐density trough (<70 cm−3). These results indicate that energetic electrons could have different pitch angle distributions under similar wave environments but different plasma densities.
Bathymetry Beneath the Amery Ice Shelf, East Antarctica, Revealed by Airborne Gravity
Authors: Yang Junjun , Guo Jingxue , Greenbaum Jamin S. , Cui Xiangbin , Tu Liangcheng , Li Lin , Jong Lenneke M. , Tang Xueyuan , Li Bingrui , Blankenship Donald D. , Roberts Jason L. , van Ommen Tas , Sun Bo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe bathymetry under the Amery Ice Shelf steers the flow of ocean currents transporting ocean heat, and thus is a prerequisite for precise modeling of ice‐ocean interactions. However, hampered by thick ice, direct observations of sub‐ice‐shelf bathymetry are rare, limiting our ability to quantify the evolution of this sector and its future contribution to global mean sea level rise. We estimated the bathymetry of this region from airborne gravity anomaly using simulated annealing. Unlike the current model which shows a comparatively flat seafloor beneath the calving front, our estimation results reveal a 255‐m‐deep shoal at the western side and a 1,050‐m‐deep trough at the eastern side, which are important topographic features controlling the ocean heat transport into the sub‐ice cavity. The new model also reveals previously unknown depressions and sills that are critical to an improved modeling of the sub‐ice‐shelf ocean circulation and induced basal melting.