bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spirituality and ethical treatment of customers and employees by devout Thai women small business owners
Authors: Roenjun Jitnisa , Speece Mark , Tiangsoongnern Leela 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe role of spirituality in management is of growing interest, not least because it is closely related to business ethics, and, thus, how businesses treat customers and employees. The topic, however, still needs some conceptual development, as well as empirical research, especially outside Western, Christian contexts. This qualitative research examines spirituality among women small business owners in Thailand. These women follow Kuan Im bodhisattva, a Buddhist role model teaching compassion and morality. In Jackson's terminology, this is an example of an Eastern, practice‐oriented approach to ethics rather than (in his view) the somewhat theoretical wisdom‐oriented approach common in the West. The nature of their spirituality and their treatment of customers and employees maps strongly to a servant leadership style. Servant leadership has occasionally been proposed as the style most closely associated with spirituality. In this context, it seems to be thoroughly intertwined, and highly concerned with ethical treatment of others.
Loss of P2Y1 receptors triggers glaucoma‐like pathology in mice
Authors: Hamada Kentaro , Shinozaki Youichi , Namekata Kazuhiko , Matsumoto Mami , Ohno Nobuhiko , Segawa Takahiro , Kashiwagi Kenji , Harada Takayuki , Koizumi Schuichi 
Published: July 2021

Background and PurposeGlaucoma, the leading cause of blindness, damages the retinal ganglion cells. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a high‐risk factor for glaucoma, so topical hypotensive drugs are usually used for treatment. Because not all patients do not respond adequately to current treatments, there is a need to identify a new molecular target to reduce IOP. Here, we have assessed the role of P2Y1 receptors in mediating elevated IOP.Experimental ApproachP2Y1 receptor agonist was instilled into the eyes of mice, and the IOP changes were measured by a rebound‐type tonometer. Expression of P2Y1 receptors was estimated by immunohistochemistry. Ocular function was measured by a multifocal electroretinogram.Key ResultsA single dose of the P2Y1 receptor agonist transiently reduced IOP and such effects were absent in P2Y1 receptor‐deficient (P2Y1KO) mice. P2Y1 receptors were functionally expressed in the ciliary body, trabecular meshwork and Schlemm's canal. Activation of P2Y1 receptors negatively regulated aquaporin 4 (AQP4) function but up‐regulated endothelial NOS (eNOS). P2Y1KO mice showed chronic ocular hypertension regardless of age. P2Y1KO mice at 3 months old showed no damage to retinal ganglion cells, whereas 12‐month‐old mice showed a significant loss of these cells and impairment of ocular functions. Damage to retinal ganglion cells was attenuated by chronic administration of an IOP‐reducing agent.Conclusion and ImplicationsActivation of P2Y1 receptors reduced IOP via dual pathways including AQP4 and eNOS. Loss of P2Y1 receptors resulted in glaucomatous optic neuropathy, suggesting that P2Y1 receptors might provide an effective target in the treatment of glaucoma.
Fruit trees drive small‐scale movement of elephants in Kibale National Park, Uganda
Authors: Benitez Lorena , Queenborough Simon A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUnderstanding what motivates animal spatial behavior requires discerning the relationship between animals and the landscape in which they move. Many studies have focused on large scale trends that drive migrations and movement across broad landscapes, but few studies have focused on drivers of local movement within smaller areas based on fine‐scale landscape heterogeneity. This is especially true for African elephants (Loxodonta africana), whose movements in relation to landscape variables have frequently been studied across vast areas, but infrequently on a small scale. We report on how the local distribution of an important resource—fruit trees—shapes elephant movement patterns in Kibale National Park, Uganda. We hypothesized that the spatial location of elephant trails, and especially intersections in the network of trails, would be heavily associated with fruit trees, with trail density being higher in areas with greater fruit availability. Elephant trails and nearby fruit trees were mapped within a 64 km2 area within the interior of the Park. Trail and fruit tree sampling were conducted along 16 evenly spaced one‐km control transects and compared to 28.6 km of elephant trails arrayed throughout the park. Fruit tree basal area was higher along trails and at trail intersections. Trail density was also positively correlated with fruit tree density. Fruit trees may thus serve as a determinant of small‐scale elephant movement and could be used to predict patterns of elephant spatial behavior across forested habitat, which has potential implications for elephant management in the area.
Identification of novel topoisomerase II alpha inhibitors by virtual screening, molecular docking, and bioassay
Authors: Yu Che , Hu Jiabao , Luyten Walter , Sun Dan , Jiang Tao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBreast cancer is one of the most common tumors, and its treatment still leaves room for improvement. Topoisomerase II alpha is a potential target for the treatment of human diseases such as breast cancer. In this article, we attempted to discover a novel anticancer drug. We have used the topoisomerase II alpha protein‐Homo sapiens (Human) to hierarchically screen the Maybridge database. Based on their docking score, the top hit compounds have been assayed for inhibition in a topoisomerase II pBR322 DNA relaxation assay in vitro. Candidate compound 6 (CP6) was found to have the best inhibitory effect for topoisomerase II among the 20 tested compounds. In addition, CP6 had potent cytotoxicity against eight tested tumor cell lines. At the same time, CP6 was shown to have potential anti‐multidrug resistance capabilities. This study identifies CP6, which can contribute to the development of new topoisomerase II inhibitors as anticancer agents.
Atopic dermatitis trajectories to age 8 years in the GUSTO cohort
Authors: Suaini Noor H. A. , Yap Gaik Chin , Bui Do Phuong Tung , Loo Evelyn Xiu Ling , Goh Anne Eng Neo , Teoh Oon Hoe , Tan Kok Hian , Godfrey Keith M. , Lee Bee Wah , Shek Lynette Pei‐chi , Van Bever Hugo , Chong Yap Seng , Tham Elizabeth Huiwen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe heterogeneity of childhood atopic dermatitis (AD) underscores the need to understand latent phenotypes that may inform risk stratification and disease prognostication.ObjectiveTo identify AD trajectories across the first 8 years of life and investigate risk factors associated with each trajectory and their relationships with other comorbidities.MethodsData were collected prospectively from 1152 mother‐offspring dyads in the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) cohort from ages 3 months to 8 years. AD was defined based on parent‐reported doctor's diagnosis. An unsupervised machine learning technique was used to determine AD trajectories.ResultsThree AD trajectories were identified as follows: early‐onset transient (6.3%), late‐onset persistent (6.3%) and early‐onset persistent (2.1%), alongside a no AD/reference group (85.2%). Early‐onset transient AD was positively associated with male gender, family history of atopy, house dust mite sensitization and some measures of wheezing. Early‐onset persistent AD was associated with antenatal/intrapartum antibiotic use, food sensitization and some measures of wheezing. Late‐onset persistent AD was associated with a family history of atopy, some measures of house dust mite sensitization and some measures of allergic rhinitis and wheezing.Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceThree AD trajectories were identified in this birth cohort, with different risk factors and prognostic implications. Further work is needed to understand the molecular and immunological origins of these phenotypes.
CD4+LAG-3+ T cells are decreased in active psoriatic arthritis patients and their restorationin vitrois mediated by TNF inhibitors
Authors: Gertel Smadar , Polachek Ari , Furer Victoria , Levartovsky David , Elkayam Ori 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPsoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with T cell dysregulation. The lymphocyte-activation gene (LAG)-3 is one of the regulatory receptors expressed on T cells in a soluble form. LAG-3 expression on T cells was analyzed in vitro in PsA patients with minimal disease activity (MDA), active disease (non-MDA) and healthy controls. In cultured in-vitro peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), LAG-3 expression on CD4+ T cells was similar in both MDA PsA patients (7.5 ± 0.9) (n = 14) and healthy controls (7.8 ± 0.6) (n = 15), but significantly lower in non-MDA PsA patients (3.1 ± 0.3) (n = 13) (p &lt; 0.0001). An inverse correlation between PsA clinical disease activity and %CD4+LAG-3+ T cells in vitro was observed (composite psoriatic disease activity index r = −0.47, p &lt; 0.02 and psoriatic arthritis disease activity score, r = −0.51, p &lt; 0.008). In-vitro co-culture of CD4+ T cells with anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or anti-interleukin (IL)-17A had no effect on LAG-3+ expression in MDA PsA patients and healthy controls. In non-MDA patients, anti-TNF, but not anti-IL-17A, restored the %CD4+LAG-3+ T cells (7.9 ± 0.9 and 3.2 ± 0.4, respectively) (p &lt; 0.0004). Lower soluble LAG-3 levels were found in sera of naive to biological PsA patients (n = 39) compared to healthy controls (n = 35) (p &lt; 0.03). Impaired LAG-3 on CD4+ T cells may reflect active PsA disease state. Anti-TNFs have potency to up-regulate the CD4+LAG-3+ T cells in vitro.
Longitudinal evaluation of azithromycin and cytokine concentrations in amniotic fluid following one‐time oral dosing in pregnancy
Authors: Boelig Rupsa C. , Lam Edwin , Rochani Ankit , Kaushal Gagan , Roman Amanda , Kraft Walter K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo utilize noninvasive collection of amniotic fluid in the setting of preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROMs) to report the time concentration profile of azithromycin in amniotic fluid over 7 days from a single dose, and evaluate the correlation between azithromycin concentration and inflammatory markers in amniotic fluid. Prospective cohort study of five pregnant patients admitted with PPROMs and treated with a single 1 g oral azithromycin dose. Amniotic fluid was collected from pads and used to quantify azithromycin concentration as well as TNFa, IL‐1a, IL‐1b, IL‐6, IL‐8, and IL‐10 concentrations. Primary outcome was time/concentration profile of azithromycin in amniotic fluid. Secondary outcome included correlation between azithromycin concentration and cytokine concentrations. Five patients were enrolled. Mean gestational age on admission with PPROM was 27.5 ± 2.3 weeks with a median latency of 7 days (interquartile range [IQR] = 4–13). A median of two samples/day (IQR = 1–3) were collected per participant. Azithromycin was quantified in duplicate; intra‐assay coefficient of variation was 17%. Azithromycin concentration was less than 60 ng/ml after day 3. Azithromycin concentration was positively correlated with IL‐8 (r = 0.38, p = 0.03), IL1a (r = 0.39, p = 0.03), and IL‐1b (r = 0.36, p = 0.04) in amniotic fluid. Azithromycin is detectable in amniotic fluid over 7 days from a single 1 g maternal dose, however, it is not sustained over the range of minimum inhibitory concentration for common genitourinary flora. Based on correlation with specific cytokines, azithromycin penetration in amniotic fluid may relate to maternal monocyte concentration in amniotic fluid in the setting of PPROM.
Antagonistic effect in vitro of three commercial strains of Bacillus sp. against the forest pathogen Diplodia corticola
Authors: Muñoz‐Adalia Emigdio Jordán , Meijer Andreu , Campillo‐Brocal Jonatan C. , Colinas Carlos 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBotryosphaeria canker of Quercus suber (causal agent: Diplodia corticola) poses a major threat for cork production along the western Mediterranean Basin. Infection by D. corticola induces cankers, which reduce tree vigour and compromise phellem regeneration. European policies in forest health advise the use of environmentally friendly methods, such as biocontrol, rather than the use of chemicals in natural stands. In this study, we assessed the antagonistic potential of three commercial products involving bacteria (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus mojavensis) using two culture media [potato‐dextrose‐agar medium (PDA), and PDA amended with copper oxychloride, an inorganic fungicide] against D. corticola. Five indices based on colony dimensions showed significant antagonistic effects of bacteria on fungal growth in vitro. The copper salt showed high toxicity against D. corticola. Preliminary results suggest that the three commercial products might be used as biocontrol agents against D. corticola, whose control capacities in the field deserve further investigation.
Contrasted patterns in climate change risk for Mediterranean fisheries
Authors: Pita Ignacio , Mouillot David , Moullec Fabien , Shin Yunne‐Jai 
Published: July 2021

AbstractClimate change is rapidly becoming one of the biggest threats to marine life, and its impacts have the potential to strongly affect fisheries upon which millions of people rely. This is particularly crucial for the Mediterranean Sea, which is one of the world's biodiversity hotspots, one of the world's most overfished regions, and where temperatures are rising 25% faster than in the rest of the ocean on average. In this study, we calculated a vulnerability index for 100 species that compose 95% of the Mediterranean catches, through a trait‐based approach. The Climate Risk Assessment (CRA) methodology was subsequently used to assess the risks due to climate change of Mediterranean fisheries. We found that the northern Mediterranean fisheries target more vulnerable species than their southern counterparts. However, when combining this catch‐based vulnerability with a suite of socio‐economic parameters, north African countries stand out as the most vulnerable to climate change impacts. Indeed, considering countries’ exposure of the fisheries sector and their vulnerability to climate change, a sharp contrast between northern and southern Mediterranean appears, with Egypt and Tunisia scoring the highest risk. By integrating a trait‐based approach on targeted marine species with socio‐economic features, our analysis helps to better understand the ramifications of climate change consequences on Mediterranean fisheries and highlights the regions that could potentially be particularly affected.
Menopausal status, age and management among women living with HIV in the UK
Authors: Okhai Hajra , Sabin Caroline A. , Haag Katharina , Sherr Lorraine , Dhairyawan Rageshri , Burns Fiona , Gilson Richard , Post Frank , Ross Jonathan , Mackie Nicola , Sullivan Ann , Shepherd Jane , Tariq Anjum , Jones Rachael , Fox Julie , Rosenvinge Melanie , Tariq Shema 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is currently little evidence exploring menopausal status, age at last menstrual period (LMP) and management of menopause among women living with HIV aged 45–60 years in England.MethodsSocio‐demographic, lifestyle and clinical data were collected through a self‐completed cross‐sectional survey. Longitudinal CD4 count and viral load data were available from linkage to clinical records, if consent was provided. Women were categorised as pre‐, peri‐ or post‐menopausal. Factors associated with menopausal stage were examined using ordinal logistic regression adjusting for age. Age at LMP was estimated using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis.ResultsThe 847 women had a median age of 49 [interquartile range (IQR): 47–52] years. Most were of black ethnicity (81.3%), were born outside the UK (85.0%) and had completed secondary education (88.7%); 177 (20.4%), 373 (43.0%) and 297 (34.2%) were pre‐, peri‐ or post‐menopausal, respectively. After adjusting for age, associations of menopausal status with non‐cohabiting relationship [adjusted odds ratio = 0.63 (95% confidence interval: 0.43–0.91)], baseline viral load ≥ 100 000 copies/mL [2.67 (1.20–5.94)] and unemployment [1.34 (0.97–1.84)] remained significant. Median (IQR) age at LMP was 54 (51–55) years in the group. In total, 27.9% (233/836) of women reported severe menopausal symptoms; 45.6% of those with somatic symptoms had heard of hormone replacement therapy and 8.7% had used it. Only 5.6% of women with urogenital symptoms had used topical oestrogen.ConclusionsOur findings highlight the importance of educating both women and their healthcare providers about menopausal symptoms and management options.
Multicomponent high‐entropy Zr‐Y‐Yb‐Ta‐Nb‐O oxides for next‐generation thermal barrier coating applications
Authors: Yao Yao , Yang Fan , Zhao Xiaofeng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe report a multicomponent ceramic material with exceptional high‐temperature stability and superior thermo‐mechanical properties for next‐generation thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) for aeroengines. The multicomponent oxides (Zr1‐4xYxYbxTaxNbxO2) designed via a high‐entropy concept could exhibit a double tetragonal phase. The optimized composition breaks the limitation of intrinsic brittleness in mostly previously reported TBC candidate materials and shows a superior toughness up to ~4.59 MPa m1/2 due to ferroelastic and phase transformation toughening mechanisms. It also shows a remarkable high‐temperature stability at 1600°C, which is almost 400°C higher than the state‐of‐the‐art yttria‐stabilized zirconia TBC material. In addition, it also exhibits a significantly lower thermal conductivity (~1.37 W m−1 K−1 at 900°C) and a higher coefficient of thermal expansion (~11.3 × 10−6 K−1 at 1000°C), as well as excellent corrosion resistance to molten silicate (~2.9 μm/h at 1300°C). This work provides a new sight to design ceramics by extending the high‐entropy concept to both medium‐entropy and high‐entropy compositions searching for multifunctional properties.
Novel Streptococcus uberis sequence types causing bovine subclinical mastitis in Hainan, China
Authors: Zeng Jifeng , Wang Yu , Fan Lixia , Yang Nuo , Pan Jiwen , Han Yu , Wang Xin , Li Qian , Guo Guiying , Zheng Jiping , Zeng Weixin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Aim
To determine the molecular epidemiology, genotypes and phenotypes of the major species of Streptococcus associated with bovine subclinical mastitis in Hainan, China.

Methods and Results
In total, 150 subclinical mastitis milk samples were collected from two large dairy farms in Hainan. On the basis of biochemical tests and 16S rDNA sequencing, 39 samples were Streptococcus positive and the most frequently isolated species was Streptococcus uberis (n = 29, 74.4%). According to multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and assays of biofilm formation, antimicrobial susceptibility, resistance and virulence genes, the S. uberis isolates were clustered into nine new sequence types (STs; ST986–ST994) but were not merged into a clonal group (except for ST991 [CC143]). All isolates produced biofilm, but most weakly. The dominant virulence pattern was hasABC + sua + gapC + oppF + pauA + mtuA + cfu (27/29, 91.1%), based on the 11 virulence genes tested. The majority of isolates (88.46%) carried at least one resistance gene, and more than half (58.62%) were multidrug-resistant. The main resistance genes were linB (65.5%), ermB (37.9%) and tetS (34.5%), among the six antibiotic resistance genes and 11 antimicrobials tested.

Conclusion
Environmental S. uberis is important in bovine subclinical mastitis in Hainan.

Significance and Impact of the Study
Streptococcus uberis isolates in Hainan, China, show distinct MLST, virulence and antibiotic resistance characteristics.
Social inclusion of LGBTQ and gender diverse adults with intellectual disability in disability services: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Smith Elizabeth , Zirnsak Tessa‐May , Power Jennifer , Lyons Anthony , Bigby Christine 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundLesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer (LGBTQ) and gender diverse adults with intellectual disability experience exclusion within disability services.ObjectiveThis review explores the experiences of social inclusion/exclusion of this cohort in the context of disability services.Search MethodA systematic search was conducted of peer‐reviewed research published between January 2014 and April 2019. Five databases returned 66 articles plus three from hand searches.Appraisal and SynthesisNine articles were included in this review. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool was used to assess the quality of the research. NVivo 12 was used as a tool to organise the articles.ResultsMarginalisation of LGBTQ adults with intellectual disability in western societies is mirrored in disability organisations. There remains a dearth of research into experiences of transgender people with intellectual disability who use disability services.ConclusionsResearch into interventions that support the inclusion of this cohort in disability support services is needed.
Terminology of the branches of the lateral circumflex femoral artery: Who is Who?
Authors: Palackic Alen , Skias Christoph , Winter Raimund , Hubmer Martin , Andrianakis Alexandros , Feigl Georg 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe anterolateral thigh flap and the tensor fasciae latae flap are supplied by the lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA). Different branching patterns of the LCFA have been described, leading to confusion, discrepancies and difficulties in clinical and cadaveric study comparisons. The aim of this study was to evaluate the branching patterns of the LCFA in dissected lower limbs and propose a simplified nomenclature. One hundred and two lower limbs fixed with Thiel's method were investigated. Meticulous dissection was performed, and the branching pattern of the arteries was documented by illustration and photography. These were analysed and allocated to the currently existing terminologies regarding the numbers of the branches (Part 1), and these subgroups were evaluated according to the variability of the trunk formations (Part 2). In Part 1, four subgroups could be classified (A, B, C and D). Group A included a total number of three branches (n = 50), Group B included four (n = 41), Group C included five (n = 5) and Group D included only two branches (n = 6). Part 2 showed in total 11 different trunk variations. Group A had four trunk variations: A1 (n = 38), A2 (n = 5), A3 (n = 2) and A4 (n = 6); Group B also had four variations: B1 (n = 16), B2 (n = 18), B3 (n = 3) and B4 (n = 4); Group C displayed two variations: C1 (n = 1) and C2 (n = 4); and in Group D, there was only one variation observed D1 (n = 6). Branching patterns were highly variable and inconsistent in terms of the number of branches and trunk variations, which resulted in different possible and justified interpretations and classifications. A new terminology should be defined cooperatively among anatomists and clinicians that will be useful for everybody. We propose a terminology oriented to the associated muscles.