bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a point‐of‐care test for the detection of MDMA in latent fingerprints using surface plasmon resonance and lateral flow technology
Authors: Pollard Caroline , Hudson Mark , McDonnell James M. , Royall Paul G. , Wolff Kim 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo date, a specific point‐of‐care test (POCT) for 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy, ‘E’) in latent fingerprints (LFPs) has not been explored. Other POCTs identify MDMA in sweat by detecting the drug as a cross‐reactant rather than target analyte, thus decreasing the test's sensitivity. The study's aim was to design a sensitive POCT for the detection of MDMA in LFPs using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and lateral flow immunoassay (LFA) technology. A high‐affinity antibody binding pair was identified using the former technique, deeming the pair suitable for a LFA. Titrations of fluorescently labelled antibody and antigen concentrations were tested to identify a sharp drop‐in signal upon the addition of MDMA to allow a clear distinction between negative and positive outcomes. We trialled the LFA by producing dose response curves with MDMA and a group of drugs that share a similar chemical structure to MDMA. These were generated through spiking the LFA with increasing levels of drug (0–400 pg/10 μl of MDMA; 0–10,000 pg/10 μl of cross‐reactant). Fluorescent test signals were measured using a cartridge reader. The cut‐off (threshold) 60 pg/10 μl calculated better cartridge performance (1.00 sensitivity, 0.95 specificity and 0.98 accuracy), when compared with 40 pg/10 μl. The biggest cross‐reactant was PMMA (250%), followed by MDEA (183%), MBDB (167%), MDA (16%) and methamphetamine (16%). A sensitive LFP screening tool requiring no sample preparation was successfully designed.
Dose of furosemide before admission predicts diuretic efficiency and long‐term prognosis in acute heart failure
Authors: Blázquez‐Bermejo Zorba , Farré Nuria , Caravaca Perez Pedro , Llagostera Marc , Morán‐Fernández Laura , Fort Aleix , de Juan Bagudá Javier , García‐Cosio María Dolores , Ruiz‐Bustillo Sonia , Delgado Juan F. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimsThe outpatient diuretic dose is a marker of diuretic resistance and prognosis in chronic heart failure (HF). Still, the impact of the preadmission dose on diuretic efficiency (DE) and prognosis in acute HF is not fully known.Methods and resultsWe conducted an observational and prospective study. All patients admitted for acute HF treated with intravenous diuretic and at least one criterion of congestion on admission were evaluated. Decongestion [physical examination, hemoconcentration, N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) change, and lung ultrasound], DE (weight loss and urine output per unit of 40 mg furosemide), and urinary sodium were monitored on the fifth day of admission. DE was dichotomized into high–low based on the median value. A multivariate Cox regression analysis was conducted to find predictors of HF readmission or mortality. A total of 105 patients were included between July 2017 and July 2019. Mean age was 74.5 ± 12.0 years, 64.8% were male, 33.3% had de novo HF, and mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 46 ± 17%. Median follow‐up was 26 [15–35] months. Low DE based on weight loss was associated with a higher previous dose of furosemide (odds ratio [OR] 1.01 [1.00–1.02]), thiazide treatment before admission (OR 9.37 [2.19–40.14]), and lower diastolic blood pressure (OR 0.95 [0.91–0.98]) in the multivariate regression model. Only previous dose of furosemide (OR 1.01 [1.00–1.02]) and haemoglobin at admission (OR 0.76 [0.58–0.99]) were associated with low DE based on urine output in the multivariate analysis. The correlation between the previous dose of furosemide and DE based on weight loss was poor (r = −0.12; P = 0.209) and with DE based on urine output was weak to moderate (r = −0.33; P < 0.001). Low DE based on weight loss and urine output was associated with lesser decongestion measured by NT‐proBNP (P = 0.011; P = 0.007), hemoconcentration (P = 0.006; P = 0.044), and lung ultrasound (P = 0.034; P = 0.029), but not by physical examination (P = 0.506; P = 0.560). Survival and event‐free survival in acute decompensated HF (ADHF) were lower than in de novo HF; a preadmission dose of furosemide > 80 mg in ADHF identified patients with particularly poor prognosis (log‐rank < 0.001). In ADHF, the preadmission dose of furosemide (hazard ratio [HR] 1.34 [1.08–1.67] per 40 mg) and NT‐proBNP at admission (HR 1.03 [1.01–1.06] per 1000 pg/mL) were independently associated with mortality or HF readmission in the multivariate Cox regression analysis.ConclusionsThe outpatient dose of furosemide before acute HF admission predicts DE and must be taken into account when deciding on the initial diuretic dose. In ADHF, the outpatient dose of furosemide can predict long‐term prognosis better than DE during hospitalization.
Dapagliflozin and atrial fibrillation in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: insights from DAPA‐HF
Authors: Butt Jawad H. , Docherty Kieran F. , Jhund Pardeep S. , de Boer Rudolf A. , Böhm Michael , Desai Akshay S. , Howlett Jonathan G. , Inzucchi Silvio E. , Kosiborod Mikhail N. , Martinez Felipe A. , Nicolau Jose C. , Petrie Mark C. , Ponikowski Piotr , Bengtsson Olof , Langkilde Anna Maria , Schou Morten , Sjöstrand Mikaela , Solomon Scott D. , Sabatine Marc S. , McMurray John J.V. , Køber Lars 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimsAmong patients with heart failure (HF) and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), those with atrial fibrillation (AF) may respond differently to certain treatments than patients without AF. We investigated the efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin in patients with HFrEF with and without AF in the Dapagliflozin And Prevention of Adverse‐outcomes in Heart Failure trial (DAPA‐HF). We also examined the effect of dapagliflozin on new‐onset AF.Methods and resultsThe primary outcome was the composite of an episode of worsening HF (HF hospitalization or urgent HF visit requiring intravenous therapy) or cardiovascular death. Of the 4744 patients randomized, 1910 (40.3%) had ‘any AF’ (history of AF or AF on enrolment electrocardiogram). Compared with placebo, dapagliflozin reduced the risk of worsening HF or cardiovascular death to a similar extent in patients with and without any AF [hazard ratio (HR) 0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62–0.92 and 0.74, 95% CI 0.62–0.88, respectively; p for interaction = 0.88]. Consistent benefits were observed for the components of the primary outcome, all‐cause mortality, and improvement of Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire total symptom score. Among patients without AF at baseline, dapagliflozin did not significantly reduce the risk of new‐onset AF compared with placebo (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.60–1.22). However, patients with new‐onset AF had a 5 to 6‐fold higher risk of adverse outcomes when compared to those without incident AF.ConclusionsDapagliflozin, compared with placebo, reduced the risk of worsening HF events, cardiovascular death, and all‐cause death, and improved symptoms, in patients with and without AF. Dapagliflozin did not reduce the risk of new‐onset AF.
Synthesis and electrochemical studies of WO3‐based nanomaterials for environmental, energy and gas sensing applications
Authors: Boateng Emmanuel , Thind Sapanbir S. , Chen Shuai , Chen Aicheng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe increase of pollutants in the environment and the rapid decrease of nonrenewable energy resources are putting immense pressure on ecosystems. Semiconductor oxides possess some unique properties that may provide a foundation for the development of advanced functional materials to address the pressing environmental and energy issues. Among various metal oxides, WO3 based nanomaterials with an array of morphologies and sizes can be employed in a wide range of applications, including photocatalysis, water splitting, environmental protection, solar energy, and electrochromic devices. In this review article, following a brief introduction of WO3 and WO3 based nanostructured materials, various synthesis methods used for their fabrication are described and compared. Further, their electrochemical, photoelectrochemical properties, and promising energy and environmental applications are addressed and highlighted.
Electrochemical chemo‐ and biosensors based on microgels immobilized on electrode surface
Authors: Marcisz Kamil , Karbarz Marcin , Stojek Zbigniew 
Published: November 2021

AbstractApplications of nano‐ and microparticles of hydrogels in the modification of electrode surfaces and corresponding constructions of electrochemical sensors are presented in the study. Despite the fact that such a use of microgels started just a few years ago, several analytical possibilities were offered already. They include monitoring, under various conditions, of drugs including antibiotics, herbicides, glucose, and other molecules. A variety of electrochemical techniques were employed in the measurements.
Electrochemical devices based on conducting surfaces modified with smart hydrogels: Outlook and perspective
Authors: Kaniewska Klaudia , Karbarz Marcin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe unique properties of smart hydrogels combined with conducting surfaces opened new possibilities in the construction of novel electrochemical devices. Electrodes modified with thin gel layers demonstrate the properties that are usually unachievable for bare electrodes. Usually a thin gel layer provides a highly permeable matrix for analytes, and can also serve as an immobilizing/impermeable matrix for larger molecules. Hydrogel barriers/layers are able to protect the electrode surface against the unwanted influence of the environment and to isolate the environment from the usually metallic, stiff, and hard electrode surfaces. A layer of hydrogel attached to the electrode surface can also serve as solid electrolyte, buffer and a reservoir for electroactive probes. In addition, the ability of smart gel materials to undergo a reversible volume phase transition related to significant changes in their volume and shape is very interesting from the point of view of the construction of switchable electrochemical systems. Such properties are strongly desired for the construction of various electrochemical devices. This review is focused on recent progress in the above field.
Menopausal hormone therapy and risk of biliary tract cancers
Authors: Jackson Sarah S. , Pfeiffer Ruth M. , Gabbi Chiara , Anderson Lesley , Gadalla Shahinaz M. , Koshiol Jill 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) has a female predominance, whereas the other biliary tract cancers (BTCs) have a male predominance, suggesting that sex hormones may be involved in carcinogenesis. We sought to evaluate the association between menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) and the risk of BTC in women.

Approach and Results
This nested case‐control study was conducted in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Cases diagnosed between 1990 and 2017 with incident primary cancers of the gallbladder (GBC), cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), ampulla of Vater (AVC), and mixed type were matched to 5 controls on birth year, diagnosis year, and years in the general practice using incidence density sampling. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate ORs and 95% CIs for associations between MHT use and BTC type. The sample consisted of 1,682 BTC cases (483 GBC, 870 CCA, 105 AVC, and 224 mixed) and 8,419 matched controls with a mean age of 73 (SD, 11) years. Combined formulations (estrogen‐progesterone) were associated with an increased GBC risk (OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.08, 3.59). Orally administered MHT was associated with an increased GBC risk (OR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.24, 4.17). Estrogen‐only formulations (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.34, 0.93) and cream or suppository administrations (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.34, 0.95) were associated with decreased CCA risk. The number of prescriptions, dose, duration of use, and time since last use were not associated with GBC or CCA risk. MHT use was not associated with risk of AVC or mixed cancer.

Conclusions
Combination MHT formulations and oral administrations were associated with increased GBC risk, whereas estrogen‐only formulations were associated with a lower CCA risk. MHT formulation and administration should be carefully considered when prescribing.
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients’ cancer care pathways in Queensland: Insights from health professionals
Authors: de Witt Audra , Matthews Veronica , Bailie Ross , Valery Patricia C. , Adams Jon , Garvey Gail , Martin Jennifer H. , Cunningham Frances C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo identify points for improvements within the health system where Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cancer patients may experience a lack of continuity in their cancer care. The optimal care pathway for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with cancer (OCP) framework was utilised as a tool in this work.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with health professionals at the primary health care (PHC) and hospital setting. Data were categorised into six steps using the OCP framework.ResultsThis study identified multiple time‐points in the cancer pathways that could be strengthened to increase the continuity of cancer care for these patients. In addition, the provision of person‐centred care and adequate education tailored to patients' and health professionals' needs can help minimise the likelihood of patients experiencing a lack of continuity in their cancer care. Participants were recruited from an urban hospital (n = 9) and from six Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services (n = 17) across geographical locations in Queensland. The provision of culturally competent care, effective communication, coordination and collaboration between services along the cancer pathway from prevention and early diagnosis through to end‐of‐life care were highlighted as important to enhance care continuity for Indigenous Australians.ConclusionThe implementation of recommendations outlined in the OCP framework may help with improving cancer care continuity for Indigenous patients with cancer.SummaryAboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people can sometimes find cancer care pathways complex and difficult to navigate. This study identified points in the cancer pathways that could be strengthened to increase the continuity of cancer care for these patients which could potentially lead to improved outcomes.
CD33‐directed immunotherapy with third‐generation chimeric antigen receptor T cells and gemtuzumab ozogamicin in intact and CD33‐edited acute myeloid leukemia and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells
Authors: Liu Yi , Wang Sanmei , Schubert Maria‐Luisa , Lauk Annika , Yao Hao , Blank Maximilian Felix , Cui Chunhong , Janssen Maike , Schmidt Christina , Göllner Stefanie , Kleist Christian , Zhou Fengbiao , Rahfeld Jens‐Ulrich , Sauer Tim , Schmitt Michael , Müller‐Tidow Carsten 
Published: November 2021

AbstractImmunotherapies, such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) modified T cells and antibody‐drug conjugates (ADCs), have revolutionized the treatment of cancer, especially of lymphoid malignancies. The application of targeted immunotherapy to patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been limited in particular by the lack of a tumor‐specific target antigen. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO), an ADC targeting CD33, is the only approved immunotherapeutic agent in AML. In our study, we introduce a CD33‐directed third‐generation CAR T‐cell product (3G.CAR33‐T) for the treatment of patients with AML. 3G.CAR33‐T cells could be expanded up to the end‐of‐culture, that is, 17 days after transduction, and displayed significant cytokine secretion and robust cytotoxic activity when incubated with CD33‐positive cells including cell lines, drug‐resistant cells, primary blasts as well as normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). When compared to second‐generation CAR33‐T cells, 3G.CAR33‐T cells exhibited higher viability, increased proliferation and stronger cytotoxicity. Also, GO exerted strong antileukemia activity against CD33‐positive AML cells. Upon genomic deletion of CD33 in HSPCs, 3G.CAR33‐T cells and GO preferentially killed wildtype leukemia cells, while sparing CD33‐deficient HSPCs. Our data provide evidence for the applicability of CD33‐targeted immunotherapies in AML and its potential implementation in CD33 genome‐edited stem cell transplantation approaches.
The effects of TNF‐α/TNFR2 in regulatory T cells on the microenvironment and progression of gastric cancer
Authors: Qu Yang , Wang Xianhao , Bai Shuai , Niu Liling , Zhao Gang , Yao Yuan , Li Bin , Li Hui 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTNFR2+ regulatory T cells preferentially accumulate in the tumor microenvironment, express high levels of immunosuppressive molecules and possess strong suppressive activity. Our study aimed to explore the characteristics and role of TNFR2+ Tregs in the microenvironment and progression of gastric cancer via polychromatic immunofluorescence, single‐cell RNA sequencing and flow cytometry assays. The TNFR2+ Treg infiltration level in the tumor microenvironment increased significantly as gastric cancer progressed and was demonstrated to be a prognostic marker. Single‐cell RNA sequencing revealed high levels of TNFR2 in tumor‐infiltrating Tregs. The TNF‐α/TNFR2 signaling pathway was activated, accompanied by the upregulation of costimulatory molecules. Unlike blood Tregs, tumor‐infiltrating Tregs existed in activated and effector states. In addition to expressing costimulatory molecules such as TNFR2, 4‐1BB, OX40 and GITR, tumor‐infiltrating Tregs were also characterized by high expression levels of immune checkpoints such as CTLA‐4 and TIGIT and chemokines such as CCR6. In vitro studies showed that the TNF‐α/TNFR2 pathway increased the Foxp3 expression in CD4+CD25+ T cells and the latent TGF‐β production in Tregs as well as enhanced the immunosuppressive function of Tregs. In summary, our study revealed high infiltration levels of TNFR2+ Tregs that were in activated and effector states in the tumor microenvironment. The infiltration level of TNFR2+ Tregs is a prognostic marker and an independent risk factor for gastric cancer. Activation of the TNF‐α/TNFR2 pathway promotes the immunosuppressive phenotype and function of Tregs. Our study provides a new theoretical basis for TNFR2+ Tregs as a therapeutic target in gastric cancer.
Incidence of influenza and other respiratory viruses among pregnant women: A multi‐country, multiyear cohort
Authors: Azziz‐Baumgartner Eduardo , Veguilla Vic , Calvo Arlene , Franco Danilo , Dominguez Rhina , Rauda Rafael , Armero Julio , Hall Aron J. , Pascale Juan M. , González Rosalba 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify rates of influenza illness and assess value of influenza vaccination among pregnant women in Panama and El Salvador.MethodsPregnant women were enrolled and followed each week in a prospective cohort study to identify acute respiratory illnesses (ARI). Nasopharyngeal swabs obtained from women with febrile ARI were tested by reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction for influenza and other respiratory viruses.ResultsWe enrolled 2556 women between October 2014 and April 2017. Sixteen percent developed at least one ARI; 59 had two ARI, and five had three ARI for a total of 463 ARI. Women in El Salvador and Panama contributed 297 person‐years (py) and 293 py, respectively, during influenza circulation. Twenty‐one (11%) of 196 sampled women tested positive for influenza. Influenza incidence was 5.0/100 py (5.7/100 py in El Salvador and 4.3/100 py in Panama). Only 13% of women in El Salvador and 43% in Panama had been vaccinated against influenza before influenza epidemics (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsOne in six pregnant women developed ARI and more than one in ten ARI were attributable to vaccine‐preventable influenza. While women were at risk of influenza, few had been vaccinated before each epidemic. Such findings suggest the utility of evaluations to optimize vaccine timing and coverage.
Associations between Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and bone health among postmenopausal women in the United States
Authors: Li Ruiqiang , Zhan Wenqiang , Huang Xin , Wang Jiaqi , Lv ShuaiShuai , Liang Luyao , Zhang Fan , Ma Yuxia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) score and the bone health of menopausal women.MethodsA total of 2461 participants were included in the analysis from the NHANES database 2009–2018 and 2005–2006. The association between the DII and Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) was evaluated through a multiple linear regression model.ResultsThe mean DII in this study was +0.89 (SD 0.18) and the scores ranged from −5.46 (most anti‐inflammatory) to +4.58 (most pro‐inflammatory). After adjusting for confounding factors, higher DII is associated with an increased risk of decreased total bone density (Model III, β −0.012; 95% CI −0.023, −0.001). There is a similar correlation found in bone density content and other indicators of bone mineral density. At the same time, we used BMI as a stratified variable for subgroup analysis, we found that higher DII (continuous) was associated with a significantly higher risk of decreased total bone density in overweight/obese postmenopausal women (β −0.018; 95% CI −0.025, −0.006).ConclusionA higher DII score is significantly associated with lower bone density and bone density in postmenopausal women, especially women who are overweight/obese.
Assessment of diabetic small‐fiber neuropathy by using short‐wave infrared hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Sheen Yi‐Jing , Sheu Wayne Huey‐Herng , Wang Hsin‐Che , Chen Jun‐Peng , Sun Yi‐Hsuan , Chen Hsian‐Min 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAmong patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the association between hyperspectral imaging (HSI) examination and diabetic neuropathy (DN) is ascertained using HSI of the feet using four types of spectral difference measurements. DN was evaluated by traditional Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI), evaluation of painful neuropathy (ID‐Pain, DN4) and sudomotor function by measuring electrochemical skin conductance (ESC). Of the 120 T2DM patients and 20 healthy adults enrolled, T2DM patients are categorized into normal sudomotor (ESC >60 μS) and sudomotor dysfunction (ESC ≤ 60 μS) groups. Spectral difference analyses reveal significant intergroup differences, whereas traditional examinations cannot distinguish between the two groups. HSI waveform reflectance gradually increases with disease severity, at 1400 to 1600 nm. The area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis for abnormal ESC is ≥0.8 for all four HSI methods. HSI could be an objective, sensitive, rapid, noninvasive and remote approach to identify early small‐fiber DN.