bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“And now we resist”: Three testimonios on the importance of decoloniality within psychology
Authors: Silva Janelle M. , Fernández Jesica Siham , Nguyen Angela 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn recent years, the field of psychology has turned to decoloniality as a potential epistemological standpoint and framework to understand how systems of power reproduce oppression (Fanon, 1963; Fernández, 2018; Maldonado‐Torres, 2016; Quijano, 2000). In classroom and community‐engaged research settings, critical community psychologists, specifically those grounded in a decolonial feminist epistemology (Bell, 2018; Dutta, 2018; Fernandez, 2018; Silva & the Students for Diversity Now, 2018), use this standpoint to analyze how they can co‐create opportunities for decolonial justice. Using testimonios as decolonial method, we reflect on how we resist colonialism within our work, specifically our teaching, research, and practice. Drawing on our lived experiences, which have been rendered unwanted subjects within the field, our testimonios are an example of how we individually and relationally engage decoloniality and decolonization as both praxis and pedagogy. Combined, we illustrate how relational reflective narratives through testimonio can illuminate the field's commitment to decolonial liberation and the dismantling of oppressive systems.
Observational study using video recordings to explore the first hour after admission to a neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Aydon Laurene , Gill Andrew , Zimmer Margo , Sharp Mary , Woods Patricia , Seeber Carly , Mooney Deb , Murdoch Jamee 
Published: May 2021

AimTo explore the admission process to our neonatal intensive care unit.MethodsA first phase quality improvement initiative was conducted. We utilised observational video recording of a convenience sample of inborn admissions. Two remote GoPro cameras were placed, one giving an overview of activity and the other focussed on the infant. Recordings captured the first hour after admission including transfer to the neonatal intensive care unit by the birthing team. The video footage of each case study was reviewed by a multidisciplinary panel using an agreed semi‐quantitative analysis of events.ResultsTen admissions to the neonatal intensive care unit were video recorded between June and October 2018. Gestational age 282–401. A focus on maintaining airway support was inconsistent as was the ability to provide continuous monitoring of vital signs. Overall leadership of the process was lacking and handover often appeared fragmented. Median temperature on admission was 362 (354–373) °C. Vascular access and fluid management occurred at a median of 36 (13–67) minutes.ConclusionsPlanning and approval for this study were protracted, particularly negotiating the use of video recording. Anecdotally, this delay is thought to have contributed to an improvement in managing admissions, particularly when maintaining airway support and monitoring. However, our baseline data have highlighted a lack of leadership, fragmented handover, low admission temperatures and broad time frames to achieve vascular access. A guideline to streamline handover and nursery transition is currently being implemented; a subsequent evaluation cycle is planned.
Minimally invasive surfactant therapy for moderate to late premature neonates with respiratory distress syndrome born in a non‐tertiary unit
Authors: Tinoco Mendoza Giannina , Allgood Catherine , Tan Angela 
Published: May 2021

AimMinimally invasive surfactant therapy (MIST) is used to deliver exogenous surfactant to preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome. The objective of this study was to review the use of MIST in moderate to late preterm neonates born in a non‐tertiary unit.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted of neonates receiving MIST in a non‐tertiary unit. MIST was considered in neonates requiring continuous positive airway pressure ≥ 6 cm H2O and fraction of inspired oxygen ≥ 0.35. The Hobart method was used to deliver exogenous surfactant. The primary outcome was improvement in respiratory function. Secondary outcomes include intubation and transfer to a tertiary unit.ResultsBetween 2016 and 2020, 23 infants were treated with MIST. The median gestational age was 33+5 ± 2.7 weeks and mean age of surfactant administration was 6.6 ± 3.6 h. Surfactant administration resulted in a reduction in median fraction of inspired oxygen from 0.3 to 0.21 at 4 h post MIST (P value: 0.001), and a reduction in median positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) from 7 to 6 cm H2O at 24 h post MIST (P value: 0.003). Continuous positive airway pressure support was required for a median period of 3.5 days following MIST. There was respiratory improvement in 52 and 65% of neonates at 4 and 24 h, respectively, following MIST. The incidence of intubation was 13% and transfer to a tertiary unit was 44%.ConclusionsUse of MIST at this unit improved respiratory outcomes in moderate to late preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome. This procedure was well tolerated with few adverse events. Further research evaluating the efficacy of MIST in other non‐tertiary units is warranted.
Genetic diversity and virulence spectrum of Rhizoctonia solani, the incitant of banded leaf and sheath blight of maize
Authors: Kumar Sanjay , Kaur Harleen , Hunjan Mandeep Singh 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBanded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB) of maize caused by Rhizoctonia solani is one of the most important yield‐limiting factors faced by growers in India. The pathogen is known to be highly diverse, and several species are known to cause BLSB. In the current study, forty‐four isolates of R. solani associated with maize were collected from different agro‐ecological zones of Punjab, a north Indian state. These were characterized genetically and phenotypically and for their virulence behaviour. Using internal transcribed spacer (ITS)‐based species‐specific markers, we confirmed the association of two species viz., solani (100%) and oryzae‐sativae (18.18%) with BLSB with later being detected in mixed infection. All the isolates belonged to anastomosis group AG1‐IA with a typical amplicon size of 265 bp. Genetic variation in the associated Rhizoctonia sp. was analysed using 27 inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers which revealed high degree of polymorphism (PIC value ranging from 0.819 to 0.921) and clustered the Rhizoctonia population into two major groups. Based on fungal morphology, the hierarchical cluster analysis placed 44 Rhizoctonia isolates into six major groups (M1–M6). The virulence of each isolate studied on four hybrids and seven inbred maize lines revealed that maize hybrid JH3459 and inbred LMDR‐2 were less susceptible to Punjab population of Rhizoctonia species. Partial correlation was also obtained between genetic diversity, pathological variation and geographical origins of isolates. This is the first attempt to study the diversity of Rhizoctonia sp. associated with banded leaf and sheath blight of maize in Punjab state.
ausplotsR: An R package for rapid extraction and analysis of vegetation and soil data collected by Australia's Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network
Authors: Munroe Samantha , Guerin Greg , Saleeba Tom , Martín‐Forés Irene , Blanco‐Martin Bernardo , Sparrow Ben , Tokmakoff Andrew 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network (TERN), Australia's national land ecosystem monitoring programme, measures critical environmental attributes from local to continental scale and generates quality data for research and land management. Since 2011, TERN has performed standardised field surveys and sampling across a national plot network. At each plot, TERN records vegetation structure, composition and diversity, soil characteristics, and collects plant and soil samples for analysis. At the time of submission, TERN has established over 750 plots and performed over 1,000 plot surveys across Australia. Here we present ausplotsR, an R package for the R statistical computing environment that provides a user‐friendly interface to rapidly import, visualise, and analyse TERN plot data. Easy‐to‐use functions extract the data and compile data tables that can be incorporated into a variety of statistical analysis, most notably multivariate applications requiring plant community data with standardised relative abundances. ausplotsR includes functions to calculate useful vegetation metrics, such as species presence/absence, cover, and basal area. The package also provides information on TERN’s extensive soil and plant sample collection. We expect ausplotsR will help facilitate and advance ecological research and management throughout Australia and provide useful data for vegetation modellers globally.
Intraspecific genetic variation matters when predicting seagrass distribution under climate change
Authors: Hu Zi‐Min , Zhang Quan‐Sheng , Zhang Jie , Kass Jamie M. , Mammola Stefano , Fresia Pablo , Draisma Stefano G. A. , Assis Jorge , Jueterbock Alexander , Yokota Masashi , Zhang Zhixin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSeagrasses play a vital role in structuring coastal marine ecosystems, but their distributional range and genetic diversity have declined rapidly in recent decades. To improve conservation of seagrass species, it is important to predict how climate change may impact their ranges. Such predictions are typically made with correlative species distribution models (SDMs), which can estimate a species’ potential distribution under present and future climatic scenarios given species’ presence data and climatic predictor variables. However, these models are typically constructed with species‐level data, and thus ignore intraspecific genetic variability, which can give rise to populations with adaptations to heterogeneous climatic conditions. Here, we explore the link between intraspecific adaptation and niche differentiation inThalassia hemprichii, a seagrass broadly distributed in the tropical Indo‐Pacific Ocean and a crucial provider of habitat for numerous marine species. By retrieving and re‐analysing microsatellite data from previous studies, we delimited two distinct phylogeographical lineages within the nominal species and found an intermediate level of differentiation in their multidimensional environmental niches, suggesting the possibility for local adaptation. We then compared projections of the species’ habitat suitability under climate change scenarios using species‐level and lineage‐level SDMs. In the Central Tropical Indo‐Pacific region, models for both levels predicted considerable range contraction in the future, but the lineage‐level models predicted more severe habitat loss. Importantly, the two modelling approaches predicted opposite patterns of habitat change in the Western Tropical Indo‐Pacific region. Our results highlight the necessity of conserving distinct populations and genetic pools to avoid regional extinction due to climate change and have important implications for guiding future management of seagrasses.
Epidemiological features of the first Unusual Mortality Event linked to cetacean morbillivirus in the South Atlantic (Brazil, 2017–2018)
Authors: Cunha Haydée A. , Santos‐Neto Elitieri B. , Carvalho Rafael R. , Ikeda Joana M. P. , Groch Katia R. , Díaz‐Delgado Josué , Guari Emi B. , Brião Juliana A. , Oliveira Raissa B. , Flach Leonardo , Bisi Tatiana L. , Catão‐Dias José L. , Azevedo Alexandre F. , Lailson‐Brito José 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSince the 1980s, cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) has caused mass mortality events worldwide. However, no epizootics had been recorded in the South Atlantic, until an unusual mortality event (UME) linked to Guiana dolphin cetacean morbillivirus (GD‐CeMV) began in Ilha Grande Bay, southeastern Brazil, in November 2017. In a five‐month period, the UME spread to neighboring Sepetiba Bay and accounted for the death of at least 277 Guiana dolphins (Sotalia guianensis). Prevalence of morbillivirus positive dolphins, as estimated from RT‐PCR diagnostics, was 92.3% (24/26) in Ilha Grande Bay and 91.9% (57/62) in Sepetiba Bay. Females had higher mortality rates during the UME (1.5:1), in contrast with historical mortality data from both bays that showed a 2:1 male to female death ratio. Calf mortality rates also increased in both bays. These results suggest that females and calves were more vulnerable to morbilliviral infection. Herein, we discuss possible explanations for such sex‐biased death pattern during the UME and their implication for the conservation of endangered Guiana dolphins. We also speculate about the origin and spread of morbillivirus in the South Atlantic Ocean.
Clinical applicability of automated cephalometric landmark identification: Part I—Patient‐related identification errors
Authors: Tanikawa Chihiro , Lee Chonho , Lim Jaeyoen , Oka Ayaka , Yamashiro Takashi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo determine whether AI systems that recognize cephalometric landmarks can apply to various patient groups and to examine the patient‐related factors associated with identification errors.Setting and sample populationThe present retrospective cohort study analysed digital lateral cephalograms obtained from 1785 Japanese orthodontic patients. Patients were categorized into eight subgroups according to dental age, cleft lip and/or palate, orthodontic appliance use and overjet.Materials and MethodsAn AI system that automatically recognizes anatomic landmarks on lateral cephalograms was used. Thirty cephalograms in each subgroup were randomly selected and used to test the system's performance. The remaining cephalograms were used for system learning. The success rates in landmark recognition were evaluated using confidence ellipses with α = 0.99 for each landmark. The selection of test samples, learning of the system and evaluation of the system were repeated five times for each subgroup. The mean success rate and identification error were calculated. Factors associated with identification errors were examined using a multiple linear regression model.ResultsThe success rate and error varied among subgroups, ranging from 85% to 91% and 1.32 mm to 1.50 mm, respectively. Cleft lip and/or palate was found to be a factor associated with greater identification errors, whereas dental age, orthodontic appliances and overjet were not significant factors (all, P < .05).ConclusionArtificial intelligence systems that recognize cephalometric landmarks could be applied to various patient groups. Patient‐oriented errors were found in patients with cleft lip and/or palate.
Localization and characterization of human papillomavirus‐16 in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Saleh Wafaa , Cha Seunghee , Banasser Abdulaziz , Fitzpatrick Sarah G. , Bhattacharyya Indraneel , Youssef Jilan M. , Anees Mohamed M. , Elzahaby Islam A. , Katz Joseph 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe role of Human papillomavirus (HPV) in the oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not been completely elucidated. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and localization of HPV‐16 virus in OSCC and to correlate HPV‐16 positivity and p16INK4A expression with the clinical and pathological features of OSCC.MethodsThe archives of Oral Pathology at the University of Florida, College of Dentistry were accessed for demographic, clinical, histopathological data, and slides of 114 OSCC patients. HPV‐16 positivity of OSCC was evaluated by p16INK4A immunohistochemistry (IHC) and HPV‐16 E6/E7mRNA by in situ hybridization (ISH).ResultsOut of 114 consecutive pathological slides of OSCC, 16 samples (14%) showed positivity for p16INK4A by IHC and 14 samples (12%) were positive for HPV‐16 E6/E7mRNA ISH and the Positivity showed a significant correlation with the patients' age, alcohol consumption, and the degree of OSSC differentiation. The hard palate showed the highest positivity of p16INK4A IHC and HPV‐16 mRNA ISH (38%, 36% respectively).ConclusionHPV‐16 is a significant factor in oral carcinogenesis. We recommend using p16INK4A as a surrogate marker for HPV detection in OSCC, which can be complemented by RNA ISH for the identification of HPV subtypes.
Intention as Belief
Authors: Schwenkler John 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhat's the relationship between (1) intending to do something, (2) believing that you are going to do this, and (3) its being the case that you are going to do the thing in question? I propose a position on which all three categories, correctly understood, amount in the fundamental case to the very same thing. The belief that constitutes future‐directed intention, when strong, likewise constitutes one as having a real tendency to act in the intended way.
Ultrasound‐guided pulsed radiofrequency of the saphenous nerve in a complex regional pain syndrome patient with lower limb pain
Authors: Oh Saecheol , Kang Sang Ji , Park Yoo Jung 
Published: May 2021

AbstractComplex regional pain syndrome is a painful and debilitating syndrome in which the patient presents with disabling pain, edema, and/or vasomotor or sudomotor abnormalities. The mechanism is complex and not well understood. There is no definitive treatment for the condition yet. Pulsed radiofrequency is a minimally invasive, minimal destructive, and safe intervention. It can be used for neuropathic pain. A 40‐year‐old man with complex regional pain syndrome complained of intractable pain of the lower limb secondary to injury to the saphenous nerve due to a third‐degree burn. Conventional medications, epidural block, and sympathetic nerve block provided temporary relief. We performed pulsed radiofrequency of the saphenous nerve for the management of lower limb pain, and the symptoms remained under control at 3 months. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first application of ultrasound‐guided pulsed radiofrequency of the saphenous nerve for the management of complex regional pain syndrome.
A second independent audit of electroconvulsive therapy in England, 2019: Usage, demographics, consent, and adherence to guidelines and legislation
Authors: Read John , Harrop Christopher , Geekie Jim , Renton Julia , Cunliffe Sue 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesTo assess progress towards improving the administering of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in England since an audit covering 2011, 2013, and 2015. The same information was gathered, for 2019, on usage, demographics, consent, and adherence to national guidelines and the Mental Health Act.Design and MethodsFreedom of Information Act requests were sent to 56 National Health Service Trusts.ResultsThirty‐seven trusts (66%) provided data. The gradual decline in the use of ECT in England has levelled off at about 2,500 people per year. There was a 47‐fold difference between the Trusts with the highest and lowest rates per capita. Most recipients are still women (67%) and over 60 (58%). Only one Trust could report how many people received psychological therapy prior to ECT, as required by government (NICE) guidelines. More than a third of ECT (37%) is still given without consent, with 18% of Trusts non‐compliant with legislation concerning second opinions. There were slight declines, compared to a previous audit, in the use of standardized depression scales, down to 30%, and standardized measures of cognitive dysfunction, down to 24%. Only six Trusts provided any data for positive outcomes and seven for adverse effects. None provided data on efficacy or adverse effects beyond the end of treatment. Twelve Trusts used identical sentences to each other, verbatim, in response to one or more questions.ConclusionsGiven the apparent failure of current monitoring and accrediting of ECT clinics in England, by the Royal College of Psychiatrists’ ECT Accreditation Service (ECTAS), an independent government sponsored review is urgently needed.Practitioner points

Psychologists and other mental health staff should ensure that people are offered evidence‐based psychological treatments before being offered E.C.T.

All staff should ensure that patients are fully informed of the high risk of memory loss and the smaller risk of cardiovascular failure and mortality.

Individuals receiving ECT should be closely monitored for adverse cognitive effects, and treatment immediately terminated if these become apparent.

Because of increased risk of memory loss for women and older people, the use of ECT should be kept to a minimum and avoided where possible, with these two groups.
Why disagreeableness (in married men) leads to earning more: A theory and test of social exchange at home
Authors: Solomon Brittany C. , Hall Matthew E. K. , Muir (Zapata) Cindy P. , Campbell Elizabeth M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractResearch has shown that disagreeableness predicts financial success (especially for men), and this association is attributed to workplace behavior. However, this effect remains puzzling given that disagreeableness is negatively associated with valued workplace behaviors, such as cooperation and prosocial behavior. We theorize that the male disagreeableness premium can be further understood by considering social exchangesat homein which married men are less concerned with and helpful to their wives, especially when harboring traditional gender role attitudes. Such exchanges should allow disagreeable men to demonstrate higher job involvement, resulting in higher pay, especially when their wives demonstrate higher household performance and are highly conscientious. As expected, Study 1 data from 195 married couples indicated that male disagreeableness predicts higher pay as mediated by lower wife‐orientation and higher job involvement, and moderated by traditionalism and a wife's household performance (and conscientiousness). In Study 2, we replicated key aspects of our model in a nationally representative sample of 1,558 married couples: Again, disagreeableness in married men predicts higher pay if they are more traditional and their wives are more conscientious. Our findings build on the literature's conventional wisdom (that organizations seem to reward disagreeable workplace behaviors) and highlight the importance of social exchange at home for success at work.
Photochemistry of N‐Phenyl Dibenzothiophene Sulfoximine†
Authors: Isor Ankita , Hommelsheim Renè , Cone Grant W. , Frings Marcus , Petroff John T. , Bolm Carsten , McCulla Ryan D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSulfoximines are popular scaffolds in drug discovery due to their hydrogen bonding properties and chemical stability. In recent years, the role of reactive intermediates such as nitrenes has been studied in the synthesis and degradation of sulfoximines. In this work, the photochemistry of N‐phenyl dibenzothiophene sulfoximine [5‐(phenylimino)‐5H‐5λ4‐dibenzo[b,d]thiophene S‐oxide] was analyzed. The structure resembles a combination of N‐phenyl iminodibenzothiophene and dibenzothiophene S‐oxide, which generate nitrene and O(3P) upon UV‐A irradiation, respectively. The photochemistry of N‐phenyl dibenzothiophene sulfoximine was explored by monitoring the formation of azobenzene, a photoproduct of triplet nitrene, using direct irradiation and sensitized experiments. The reactivity profile was further studied through direct irradiation experiments in the presence of diethylamine (DEA) as a nucleophile. The studies demonstrated that N‐phenyl dibenzothiophene sulfoximine underwent S–N photocleavage to release singlet phenyl nitrene which formed a mixture of azepines in the presence of DEA and generated moderate amounts of azobenzene in the absence of DEA to indicate formation of triplet phenyl nitrene.