bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a Computerized Automated System for Feed, Water and Sanitation Management in Animal Farms
Authors: Tangka Julius K. , EVINA Mathias N. W. , Ngah John Ngansi 
Published: March 2021

Frequent visits into animal farms either for cleaning, feed or water dispensation are a possible means of viral, and bacteria propagation into and out of the farms. The need for these visits compels the farmer to live in the farm and devote considerable time to these activities. A well-controlled automatic feed dispensation/water management system can considerably reduce labor and prevent frequent farm visits. This can in turn promote social distancing especially during the outbreak of epidemics. A solar energy powered automatic system for feed, water dispensation and sanitation management was developed for animal farms. It was made up of an Arduino UNO board, a water level/or feed sensor, a DS1307 Real Time Clock (RTC), two potentiometers, a buffer, an sim900 mini v3, a relay module for Arduino, a display (LCD) for visual monitoring of events. It was programmed to periodically command electric motors to release a desired quantity of feed and water into different troughs as well as open hydraulic valves to spray a jet of high pressure water to clean the enclosure. Required data was fed into the program by the farmer depending on the daily needs which in turn depend on the animal species, age and husbandry requirements. The system communicated with the farmer through a GSM card after each operation. Initial tests of the prototype revealed minimum of 83.33% efficiencies for all the units. The module was able to report to the farmer minutes after completing each task. It was concluded that such a system can considerably reduce labor in animal farms as well as disease propagation.
The Public Attitudes, Concerns and Behaviors towards Children Vaccination
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. , Alrawili Abdulrahman S. , Alkhawaja Faisal Z. 
Published: March 2021

Aim: The aim of this study was to identify the public concerns, attitudes and behavior towards vaccination.
Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study that included an online survey about the public concerns, attitudes and behavior towards vaccination in Saudi Arabia. The survey was translated to Arabic language and converted to an online form using google forms and after that it was sent to be filled by the parents.
Results: About 92% of the respondents said that children should be vaccinated in order to protect them and about 86% of them believed that vaccinations are safe for children in general. Regarding the concerns about vaccination, about 69% of the respondents were concerned about the distress to children of the injection itself and 59% of them were concerned about the increasing number of vaccines recommended for children. Furthermore, about 62% of the respondents were concerned that vaccines are not tested enough for safety.
Conclusion: The majority of respondents in this study reported positive attitude but more than half of them expressed some degree of concern regarding children vaccination. Healthcare professionals should play an active role in clarifying these concerns about vaccination with the public. Moreover, they should communicate with parents regarding the vaccinations and provide them with a trusted information about the vaccine.
The Adverse Effect of Mobile Phone Radiations on Dorsal Root Ganglion of Albino Rats
Authors: Taufiq Faisal , Babu Mohammed Bhilal , Ahmad Aqeel , Shariff Mohammed Eajaz Ahmed , Elbadawi Noureldaim Elnoman , Meerasa Semmal Syed 
Published: March 2021

Objectives: To assess the effect of Mobile Phone Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Radiation (RF-EMR) on the histological structure of dorsal root ganglia in albino rats.
Methods: Twenty-four albino rats divided into one control and three experimental groups were studied for four weeks. The experimental groups were exposed to three different levels of RF-EMR through complete missed calls of 80,120 and160 calls per day respectively, using a GSM mobile phone of 0.9GHz to1.8 GHz in silent mode. The dorsal root ganglia of the sacrificed Rats were examined under light and transmission electron microscope (TEM).
Results: Dorsal root ganglions of exposed rats showed considerable histological changes like reduction in cell size, condensation of cytoplasm, peripherally located heterochromatin nucleus, loss of nucleolus and densely packed myelinated nerve fibers. No such changes were observed in control rats.
Conclusion: Dorsal root ganglionic cells showed enduring and continuous changes when exposed to RF-EMR. The severity of histomorphological changes was dose-dependent, which increased constantly with radiation dosage increment. It might be fair to conclude that degenerative changes in the Dorsal Root Ganglion of the spinal cord, could be attributed to the long-term exposure to RF-EMR.
Direct, Asymmetric Synthesis of Carbocycle‐Fused Uracils via [4+2] Cycloadditions: a Noncovalent Organocatalysis Approach
Authors: Marcantonio Enrico , Curti Claudio , Battistini Lucia , Sartori Andrea , Cardinale Luana , Pelosi Giorgio , Zanardi Franca 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe peculiar versatility of remotely enolizable 6‐methyluracil‐5‐carbaldehydes as useful vinylogous pronucleophiles in direct, asymmetric [4+2] cyclizations with suitable nitroolefins has been demonstrated. Under the strategic exploitation of noncovalent bifunctional organocatalysis, a dearomative remote enolization strategy was implemented, to generate oQDM‐type dienolate intermediates that were efficiently and stereoselectively trapped by either aromatic or aliphatic nitroolefins. A series of functionalized, chiral carbocycle‐fused uracils embedding three contiguous stereocenters were thus collected in one step in good yields, with generally good levels of enantioselectivity, and complete diastereocontrol. Furthermore, the ability to provide enantiopure products via simple one‐cycle recrystallizations and the possibility to further functionalize these scaffolds without losing their chiral integrity were demonstrated.magnified image
Temporarily Epigenetic Repression in Bergmann Glia Regulates the Migration of Granule Cells
Authors: Chen Shaoxuan , Zhang Kunkun , Zhang Boxin , Jiang Mengyun , Zhang Xue , Guo Yi , Yu Yingying , Qin Tianyu , Li Hongda , Chen Qiang , Cai Zhiyu , Luo Site , Huang Yi , Hu Jin , Mo Wei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractForming tight interaction with both Purkinje and granule cells (GCs), Bergmann glia (BG) are essential for cerebellar morphogenesis and neuronal homeostasis. However, how BG act in this process is unclear without comprehensive transcriptome landscape of BG. Here, high temporal‐resolution investigation of transcriptomes with FACS‐sorted BG revealed the dynamic expression of genes within given functions and pathways enabled BG to assist neural migration and construct neuron‐glia network. It is found that the peak time of GCs migration (P7‐10) strikingly coincides with the downregulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) related genes, and the disruption of which by Setdb1 ablation at P7‐10 in BG leads to significant migration defect of GCs emphasizing the criticality of Nfix‐Setdb1 mediated H3K9me3 repressive complex for the precise regulation of GCs migration in vivo. Thus, BG's transcriptomic landscapes offer an insight into the mechanism by which BG are in depth integrated in cerebellar neural network.
Hemimegalencephaly and intractable seizures associated with the NPRL3 gene variant in a newborn: A case report
Authors: Chandrasekar Indira , Tourney Anne , Loo Kamela , Carmichael Jason , James Kiely , Ellsworth Katarzyna A. , Dimmock David , Joseph Maries 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHemimegalencephaly (HME) is a rare hamartomatous congenital malformation of the brain characterized by dysplastic overgrowth of either one of the cerebral hemispheres. HME is associated with early onset seizures, abnormal neurological findings, and with subsequent cognitive and behavioral disabilities. Seizures associated with HME are often refractory to antiepileptic medications. Hemispherectomy is usually necessary to provide effective seizure control. The exact etiology of HME is not fully understood, but involves a disturbance in early brain development and likely involves genes responsible for patterning and symmetry of the brain. We present a female newborn who had refractory seizures due to HME. Whole genome sequencing revealed a novel, likely pathogenic, maternally inherited, 3Kb deletion encompassing exon 5 of the NPRL3 gene (chr16:161898‐164745x1). The NPRL3 gene encodes for a nitrogen permease regulator 3‐like protein, a subunit of the GATOR complex, which regulates the mTOR signaling pathway. A trial of mTOR inhibitor drug, Sirolimus, did not improve her seizure control. Functional hemispherectomy at 3 months of age resulted in total abatement of clinical seizures.
Eine chemo‐enzymatische Modifizierung der 5′‐Kappe erhält die Translation und erhöht die Immunogenität der mRNA
Authors: van Dülmen Melissa , Muthmann Nils , Rentmeister Andrea 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEukaryotische mRNAs zählen zu den neuartigen Modalitäten für Proteinersatztherapien und Schutzimpfungen. Die 5′‐Kappe ist für die mRNA‐Translation und die Immunantwort von Bedeutung und kann naturgemäß durch S‐Adenosyl‐l‐Methionin (AdoMet)‐abhängige Methyltransferasen (MTasen) an verschiedenen Positionen methyliert werden. Wir berichten vom Cosubstrat‐Spektrum der MTase CAPAM, die für die Methylierung der N6‐Position von Adenosin‐Start‐Nukleotiden verantwortlich ist und verwenden dazu synthetische AdoMet‐Analoga. Die chemo‐enzymatische Propargylierung ermöglicht die Herstellung von ortsspezifisch modifizierten Reporter‐mRNAs. Diese Kappen‐propargylierten mRNAs wurden effizient translatiert und zeigten eine ≈3‐fach erhöhte Immunantwort in menschlichen Zellen. Derselbe Effekt wurde beobachtet, wenn die Rezeptorbindedomäne (RBD) von SARS‐CoV2 – ein aktuell getestetes Epitop für mRNA‐Impfungen – verwendet wurde. Die ortsspezifische chemo‐enzymatische Modifizierung von eukaryotischer mRNA könnte somit eine geeignete Strategie zur Modulierung der Translation und Immunantwort eukaryotischer mRNAs für zukünftige therapeutische Applikationen darstellen.
Dicyclopentaannelated Hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronenes with a Singlet Biradical Ground State
Authors: Chen Qiang , Baumgarten Martin , Wagner Manfred , Hu Yunbin , Hou Ian Cheng‐Yi , Narita Akimitsu , Müllen Klaus 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSynthesis of two dicyclopentaannelated hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene (PHBC) regioisomers was carried out, using nonplanar oligoaryl precursors with fluorenyl groups: mPHBC 8 with two pentagons in the “meta”‐configuration was obtained as a stable molecule, while its structural isomer with the “para”‐configuration, pPHBC 16, could be generated and characterized only in situ due to its high chemical reactivity. Both PHBCs exhibit low energy gaps, as reflected by UV‐vis‐NIR absorption and electrochemical measurements. They also show open‐shell singlet ground states according to electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The use of fully benzenoid HBC as a bridging moiety leads to significant singlet biradical characters (y0) of 0.72 and 0.96 for mPHBC 8 and pPHBC 16, respectively, due to the strong rearomatization tendency of the HBC π‐system; these values are among the highest for planar carbon‐centered biradical molecules. The incorporation of fully unsaturated pentagons strongly perturbs the aromaticity of the parent HBC and makes the constituted benzene rings less aromatic or antiaromatic. These results illustrate the high impact of cyclopentaannelation on the electronic structures of fully benzenoid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and open up a new avenue towards open‐shell PAHs with prominent singlet biradical characters.
Structural Analysis of an Antigen Chemically Coupled on Virus‐Like Particles in Vaccine Formulation
Authors: Jaudzems Kristaps , Kirsteina Anna , Schubeis Tobias , Casano Gilles , Ouari Olivier , Bogans Janis , Kazaks Andris , Tars Kaspars , Lesage Anne , Pintacuda Guido 
Published: March 2021

AbstractStructure determination of adjuvant‐coupled antigens is essential for rational vaccine development but has so far been hampered by the relatively low antigen content in vaccine formulations and by their heterogeneous composition. Here we show that magic‐angle spinning (MAS) solid‐state NMR can be used to assess the structure of the influenza virus hemagglutinin stalk long alpha helix antigen, both in its free, unformulated form and once chemically coupled to the surface of large virus‐like particles (VLPs). The sensitivity boost provided by high‐field dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) and proton detection at fast MAS rates allows to overcome the penalty associated with the antigen dilution. Comparison of the MAS NMR fingerprints between the free and VLP‐coupled forms of the antigen provides structural evidence of the conservation of its native fold upon bioconjugation. This work demonstrates that high‐sensitivity MAS NMR is ripe to play a major role in vaccine design, formulation studies, and manufacturing process development.
Iron‐Catalyzed Radical Asymmetric Aminoazidation and Diazidation of Styrenes
Authors: Lv Daqi , Sun Qiao , Zhou Huan , Ge Liang , Qu Yanjie , Li Taian , Ma Xiaoxu , Li Yajun , Bao Hongli 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAsymmetric aminoazidation and diazidation of alkenes are straightforward strategies to build value‐added chiral nitrogen‐containing compounds from feedstock chemicals. They provide direct access to chiral organoazides and complement enantioselective diamination. Despite the advances in non‐asymmetric reactions, asymmetric aminoazidation or diazidation based on acyclic systems has not been previously reported. Here we describe the iron‐catalyzed intermolecular asymmetric aminoazidation and diazidation of styrenes. The method is practically useful and requires relatively low loading of catalyst and chiral ligand. With mild reaction conditions, the reaction can be completed on a 20 mmol scale. Studies of the mechanism suggest that the reaction proceeds via a radical pathway and involves stereocontrol of an acyclic free radical which probably takes place through a group transfer mechanism.
Uncovering a Functional Motif of Nonlinear Optical Materials by In Situ Electron Density and Wavefunction Studies Under Laser Irradiation
Authors: Jiang Xiao‐Ming , Lin Shu‐Juan , He Chao , Liu Bin‐Wen , Guo Guo‐Cong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractExploring nonlinear optical (NLO) functional motifs (FM, the structural origin of NLO efficiency) is vital for the rational design of NLO materials. Normal spectrum techniques applied in studying photon exciting materials are invalid for NLO materials, in which electrons are not excited substantially but only distorted under laser. A general strategy of determining NLO FM is proposed by comparative studies of experimental electron density (ED) without and under the laser. The in situ experimental ED and wavefunction of typical NLO material LiB3O5 (LBO) under dark and 360 and 1064 nm lasers are investigated. Compared with the initial state under dark, the ED of [B3O5]− unit at functional states under laser irradiation exhibits remarkable changes of topological atomic and bond properties, confirming the NLO FM being [B3O5]−. The work extracts for the first time the FM of a NLO material experimentally and highlights the crucial role of in situ ED analysis in studying NLO mechanisms.
Occupational Exposures and Smoking in Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Maritati Federica , Peyronel Francesco , Fenaroli Paride , Pegoraro Francesco , Lastrucci Vieri , Benigno Giuseppe D. , Palmisano Alessandra , Rossi Giovanni M. , Urban Maria L. , Alberici Federico , Fraticelli Paolo , Emmi Giacomo , Corradi Massimo , Vaglio Augusto 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveEosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a rare antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)–associated vasculitis. Environmental agents and occupational exposures may confer susceptibility to EGPA, but data are scarce. This study was undertaken to investigate the association between occupational exposures (e.g., silica, farming, asbestos, and organic solvents) and other environmental agents (e.g., smoking) and the risk of EGPA.MethodsPatients with newly diagnosed EGPA (n = 111) and general population controls (n = 333) who were matched for age, sex, and geographic area of origin were recruited at a national referral center for EGPA. Exposures were assessed using a dedicated questionnaire administered by a specialist in occupational medicine, under blinded conditions. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated.ResultsExposures to silica (OR 2.79 [95% CI 1.55–5.01], P = 0.001), organic solvents (OR 3.19 [95% CI 1.91–5.34], P < 0.001), and farming (OR 2.71 [95% CI 1.71–4.29], P < 0.001) were associated with an increased risk of EGPA. Co‐exposure to silica and farming yielded an OR of 9.12 (95% CI 3.06–27.19, P < 0.001), suggesting a multiplicative effect between these 2 exposures. Smoking (current and former smokers combined) was significantly less frequent among patients with EGPA compared to controls (OR 0.49 [95% CI 0.29–0.70], P < 0.001). The pack‐year index was also lower among patients with EGPA (OR 0.96 [95% CI 0.94–0.98], P < 0.001). The association of silica and farming was primarily aligned with ANCA‐positive EGPA, while the association of smoking status and organic solvents was primarily aligned with ANCA‐negative EGPA.ConclusionThe environment can influence susceptibility to EGPA. Exposure to silica, farming, or organic solvents is associated with an increased risk of EGPA, while smoking is associated with a lower risk. These exposures seem to have distinct effects on different EGPA subsets.
The N170 event‐related potential reflects delayed neural response to faces when visual attention is directed to the eyes in youths with ASD
Authors: Parker Termara C. , Crowley Michael J. , Naples Adam J. , Rolison Max J. , Wu Jia , Trapani Julie A. , McPartland James C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAtypical neural response to faces is thought to contribute to social deficits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Compared to typically developing (TD) controls, individuals with ASD exhibit delayed brain responses to upright faces at a face‐sensitive event‐related potential (ERP), the N170. Given observed differences in patterns of visual attention to faces, it is not known whether slowed neural processing may simply reflect atypical looking to faces. The present study manipulated visual attention to facial features to examine whether directed attention to the eyes normalizes N170 latency in ASD. ERPs were recorded in 30 children and adolescents with ASD as well as 26 TD children and adolescents. Results replicated prior findings of shorter N170 latency to the eye region of the face in TD individuals. In contrast, those with ASD did not demonstrate modulation of N170 latency by point of regard to the face. Group differences in latency were most pronounced when attention was directed to the eyes. Results suggest that well‐replicated findings of N170 delays in ASD do not simply reflect atypical patterns of visual engagement with experimental stimuli. These findings add to a body of evidence indicating that N170 delays are a promising marker of atypical neural response to social information in ASD.Lay SummaryThis study looks at how children's and adolescents' brains respond when looking at different parts of a face. Typically developing children and adolescents processed eyes faster than other parts of the face, whereas this pattern was not seen in ASD. Children and adolescents with ASD processed eyes more slowly than typically developing children. These findings suggest that observed inefficiencies in face processing in ASD are not simply reflective of failure to attend to the eyes.
Proposing effective strategies for meeting an environmental regulation with attainable technology improvement targets
Authors: Eguchi Shogo , Takayabu Hirotaka , Kaneko Mitsuki , Kagawa Shigemi , Hienuki Shunichi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Japanese government will adopt the CAFE standard after 2020. By using a “modified” slacks‐based measure (SBM) model, this study analyzed the technical efficiency of 113 gasoline vehicle models (GVs) and 54 hybrid vehicle models (HVs) sold by Japanese manufacturers in 2016. We also estimated attainable fuel efficiency of specific vehicle models that can be further improved referring to the nearest point on the best practice frontier. The improved CAFE values and standards of the nine automobile manufacturers were calculated. The technology gap from the vehicle technology frontier was more noticeable among gasoline vehicles than among hybrids. Moreover, most automobile manufacturers can achieve the CAFE standard through an effective achievement strategy based on best practice technologies, whereas the others will not achieve the CAFE standard even given a rapid technology innovation beyond the best practice frontiers for GVs and HVs.
Early radial artery occlusion following the use of a transradial7‐Frenchsheath for complex coronary interventions in Chinese patients
Authors: Wang Hao , Wang Hao‐Yu , Yin Dong , Feng Lei , Song Wei‐Hua , Wang Hong‐Jian , Zhu Cheng‐Gang , Dou Ke‐Fei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to explore the impact of 7‐Fr sheaths on the incidence of early radial artery occlusion (RAO) after transradial coronary intervention (TRI) in Chinese patients.BackgroundRAO precludes future use of the vessel for vascular access. Transradial catheterization is usually performed via 5‐Fr or 6‐Fr catheters; 7‐Fr sheath insertion enables complex coronary interventions but may increase the RAO risk.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled 130 consecutive patients undergoing complex TRI using 7‐Fr sheaths. Radial artery ultrasound assessment was performed before and after TRI. Early RAO was defined as the absence of flow on ultrasound within 6–24 hr after TRI. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the factors related to early RAO after TRI.Results7‐Fr sheaths were mainly used for chronic total occlusion (44.6%), bifurcation (30.0%), and tortuous calcification (25.4%) lesions. All patients were successfully sheathed. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedural success was 96.2%; 119 patients (91.5%) had preserved radial artery patency after TRI. All 11 RAO cases (8.5%) were asymptomatic. The radial artery diameter was significantly larger postoperatively (3.1 ± 0.4 mm) than preoperatively (2.6 ± 0.5 mm) (p < .001). No parameters significantly differed between patients with and without RAO. TRI history was the only independent risk factor of early RAO (odds ratio: 6.047, 95% confidence interval: 1.100–33.253,p= .039).Conclusions7‐Fr sheath use after transradial access for complex PCI is feasible and safe. Evaluating the radial artery within 24 hr after TRI allows timely RAO recognition, important for taking measures to maintain radial artery patency and preserve access for future TRIs.