bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forensically reconstructing biomedical maintenance labor: PDF metadata under the epistemic conditions of COVID‐19
Authors: Hodges James A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study examines the documents circulated among biomedical equipment repair technicians in order to build a conceptual model that accounts for multilayered temporality in technical healthcare professional communities. A metadata analysis informed by digital forensics and trace ethnography is employed to model the overlapping temporal, format‐related, and annotation characteristics present in a corpus of repair manual files crowdsourced during collaborations between volunteer archivists and professional technicians. The corpus originates within iFixit.com's Medical Device Repair collection, a trove of more than 10,000 manuals contributed by working technicians in response to the strain placed on their colleagues and institutions due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. The study focuses in particular on the Respiratory Analyzer subcategory of documents, which aid in the maintenance of equipment central to the care of COVID‐19 patients experiencing respiratory symptoms. The 40 Respiratory Analyzer manuals in iFixit's collection are examined in terms of their original publication date, the apparent status of their original paper copies, the version of PDF used to encode them, and any additional metadata that is present. Based on these characteristics, the study advances a conceptual model accounting for circulation among multiple technicians, as well as alteration of documents during the course of their lifespans.
Plantation Botany: Slavery and the Infrastructure of Government Science in the St. Vincent Botanic Garden, 1765–1820 s**
Authors: Williams J'Nese 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis essay examines the aims, labor regime, and workers of the St. Vincent botanic garden to highlight differences in the infrastructure of government‐funded botany across the British empire. It argues that slavery was a foundational element of society and natural history in the Anglo‐Caribbean, and the St. Vincent botanic garden was both put into the service of slavery and transformed by it. When viewed from the Caribbean context and the perspective of enslaved workers, the St. Vincent garden's affiliation with imperial improvement becomes less salient than its support of the status quo of slavery as a system and labor regime. The garden was dependent on enslaved laborers, yet the conditions of work and contemporary prejudices led superintendents to see them as undifferentiated labor. The politics of the archive make it impossible for historians to reconstruct the experiences of the garden's enslaved workers as individuals, including the specific labor that they performed or skills that they possessed. Plantation slavery's appropriation of and influence on the infrastructure of colonial botany through the St. Vincent botanic garden suggests that historians should center the local logics of the societies where scientific knowledge making took place to reveal the many meanings of science.
Citizenship under COVID‐19: An analysis ofUKpolitical rhetoric during the first wave of the 2020 pandemic
Authors: Andreouli Eleni , Brice Emma 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe paper presents an analysis of the UK government discourse on citizenship during the first 9 months of the COVID‐19 pandemic (March–November 2020). We adopted a socio‐cultural approach to citizenship drawing on the scholarly tradition of ideological dilemmas and rhetorical psychology as well as interdisciplinary work on neoliberalism. In our analysis of over one hundred briefings and other material by the Prime Minister and members of the Cabinet, we identified five interrelated constructions of the ‘good citizen’: the confined, the heroic, the sacrificial, the unfree and the responsible citizen. The paper maps these constructions onto the ideological dilemmas of freedom/control, passive/active citizenship and individualism/collectivism. We show that, through the rhetorical use of notions of gratefulness for citizens' sacrifice and shared responsibility, the UK government's discourse appears to challenge the dominant model of the neoliberal citizen. However, it solidifies this very same model by responsibilizing individual citizens whilst abdicating itself from responsibility. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article'sCommunity and Social Impact Statement.
Recent Advances on the Selection Methods of DNA‐Encoded Libraries
Authors: Huang Yiran , Li Xiaoyu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDNA‐encoded libraries (DEL) have come of age and become a major technology platform for ligand discovery in both academia and the pharmaceutical industry. Technological maturation in the past two decades and the recent explosive developments of DEL‐compatible chemistries have greatly improved the chemical diversity of DELs and fueled its applications in drug discovery. A relatively less‐covered aspect of DELs is the selection method. Typically, DEL selection is considered as a binding assay and the selection is conducted with purified protein targets immobilized on a matrix, and the binders are separated from the non‐binding background via physical washes. However, the recent innovations in DEL selection methods have not only expanded the target scope of DELs, but also revealed the potential of the DEL technology as a powerful tool in exploring fundamental biology. In this Review, we first cover the “classic” DEL selection methods with purified proteins on solid phase, and then we discuss the strategies to realize DEL selections in solution phase. Finally, we focus on the emerging approaches for DELs to interrogate complex biological targets.
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation for degenerated aortic valves: Experience with a new supra‐annular device. The Spanish Allegra valve‐in‐valve (SAVIV) registry
Authors: Moreno Raúl , Baz José‐Antonio , Moreu José , Berenguer Alberto , Gonzálvez‐García Ariana , Galeote Guillermo , Hernández Ubaldo , Cantón Tomás , Jiménez‐Valero Santiago , Jurado‐Román Alfonso , Moya Halley , Lázaro Esther 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe objective was to evaluate the results of valve‐in‐valve procedures performed with the Allegra device.BackgroundTranscatheter aortic valve implantation to treat degenerated biological aortic valves (valve‐in‐valve) is an established procedure in most catheterization laboratories, but the results are poorer than procedures done in native aortic stenosis. The Allegra device (Biosensors, Morges, Switzerland) has an excellent design to treat these patients.MethodsAll patients with severely degenerated biological aortic valve treated with the Allegra device in centers from Spain until December 2020 were included (n = 29). Hemodynamic results and 30‐day clinical outcomes were evaluated. The predominant hemodynamic failure was stenosis in 15, regurgitation in 11, and a combination of both in 3 cases. Time from aortic valve replacement to valve‐in‐valve procedure was 8.4 ± 3.9 years (range 3.3–22.1).ResultsAfter the procedure, maximum and mean trans‐valvular gradients were 17.4 ± 12.3 and 8.4 ± 6.1 mmHg, respectively. Device success was obtained in 28 patients (96.6%). In one patient with a degenerated 19 mm prosthetic valve, mean gradient after the procedure was 22 mmHg. No patients had a para‐valvular leak grade >1. There were no deaths during the hospitalization or at 30 days and one patient suffered a stroke.ConclusionsThe Allegra trans‐catheter aortic valve offers optimal hemodynamic results in patients with severely degenerated biological aortic valve.
Amorphous Calcium Phosphates: Solvent‐Controlled Growth and Stabilization through the Epoxide Route
Authors: Borovik Paula , Oestreicher Víctor , Huck‐Iriart Cristián , Jobbágy Matías 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCalcium phosphates stand among the most promising nanobiomaterials in key biomedical applications, such as bone repairment, signalling or drug/gene delivery. Their intrinsic properties as crystalline structure, composition, particle shape and size define their successful use. Among these compounds, metastable amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) is currently gaining particular attention due to its inherently high reactivity in solution, which is crucial in bone development mechanisms. However, the preparation of this highly desired (bio)material with control over its shape, size and phase purity remains as a synthetic challenge. In this work, the epoxide route was adapted for the synthesis of pure and stable ACP colloids. By using biocompatible solvents, such as ethylene glycol and/or glycerine, it was possible to avoid the natural tendency of ACP to maturate into more stable and crystalline apatites. Moreover, this procedure offers size control, ranging from small nanoparticles (60 nm) to micrometric spheroids (>500 nm). The eventual fractalization of the internal mesostructured can be tuned, by simply adjusting the composition of the ethylene glycol:glycerine solvent mixture. These findings introduce the use of green solvents as a new tool to control crystallinity and/or particle size in the synthesis of nanomaterials, avoiding the use of capping agents and preserving the natural chemical reactivity of the pristine surface.
One‐Step Template/Solvent‐Free Pyrolysis for In Situ Immobilization of CoP Nanoparticles onto N and P Co‐Doped Carbon Porous Nanosheets towards High‐efficiency Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Feng Xiaoxuan , Zhou Guangyao , Fang Linya , Pang Huan , Yang Jun , Xu Lin , Sun Dongmei , Tang Yawen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe search for economical, active and stable electrocatalysts towards the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is highly imperative for the progression of water electrolysis technology and related sustainable energy conversion technologies. The delicate optimization of chemical composition and architectural configuration is paramount to design high‐efficiency non‐precious metal HER electrocatalysts. Herein, we report a one‐step scalable template/solvent‐free pyrolysis approach for in situ immobilizing uniform CoP nanoparticles onto N and P co‐doped carbon porous nanosheets (denoted as CoP@N,P‐CNSs hereafter). The simultaneous consideration of architectural design and nanocarbon hybridization renders the formed CoP@N,P‐CNSs with plentiful well‐dispersed anchored active sites, shortened pathway for mass diffusion, enhanced electric conductivity, and reinforced mechanical stability. As a consequence, the optimized CoP@N,P‐CNSs exhibit an overpotential of 115 mV to afford a current density of 10 mA cm−2, small Tafel slope of 74.2 mV dec−1, high Faradaic efficiency of nearly 100 %, and superb long‐term durability in an alkaline medium. Given the fabrication feasibility, mass production potential and outstanding HER performance, the CoP@N,P‐CNSs may hold great promise for large‐scale electrochemical water splitting. More importantly, the explored one‐step template/solvent‐free pyrolysis methodology offers a feasible and versatile route to fabricate carbon nanosheet‐based nanocomposites for diverse energy conversation‐related applications.
UAV‐based framework for effective data analysis of forest fire detection using 5G networks: An effective approach towards smart cities solutions
Authors: Sharma Amit , Singh Pradeep Kumar 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThe wireless communication among the unmanned aerial vehicles is one of the most promising technologies for many of the future systems. The requirement of high performance especially with 5G networks, coverage and efficient area mapping is critical issues that requires installation of more stations by service providers. This work emphasizes the use of unmanned aerial vehicles for the application of fire detection. The trajectory of UAV for the efficient communication of multiple UAVs to the ground station is analysed. The objective behind this study is to present a system that considers two parameters: the network delay with maximum coverage through UAVs and communication throughput. Therefore, we first introduce the mathematical model for the network delay through the speed, acceleration and direction of the moving UAV. For the trajectory optimization, the speed and radius of the UAV flight are optimized for increasing the energy efficiency in communication. Additionally, an efficient architecture is proposed for the energy efficient UAV communications with general constraints such as begin/end locations and their velocities along with the acceleration and top speed. The experimental result presents that the proposed scheme attains better energy efficiency among UAV communication with considering other proposed schemes. This may be found useful for detecting forest fires and reporting the event at early stage to control room setup in smart cities using UAV and 5G assisted technologies.
Shifts in mosquito diversity and abundance along a gradient from oil palm plantations to conterminous forests in Borneo
Authors: Young Katherine I. , Buenemann Michaela , Vasilakis Nikos , Perera David , Hanley Kathryn A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDeforestation precipitates spillover of enzootic, vector‐borne viruses into humans, but specific mechanisms for this effect have rarely been investigated. Expansion of oil palm cultivation is a major driver of deforestation. Here, we demonstrate that mosquito abundance decreased over ten stepwise distances from interior forest into conterminous palm plantations in Borneo. Diversity in interior plantation narrowed to one species, Aedes albopictus, a potential bridge vector for spillover of multiple viruses. A. albopictus was equally abundant across all distances in forests, forest‐plantation edge, and plantations, while A. niveus, a known vector of sylvatic dengue virus, was found only in forests. A. albopictus collections were significantly female‐biased in plantation but not in edge or forest. Our data reveal that the likelihood of encountering any mosquito is greater in interior forest and edge than plantation, while the likelihood of encountering A. albopictus is equivalent across the gradient sampled from interior plantation to interior forest.
Mercury and water level management in lakes of northern Minnesota
Authors: Larson James H. , Maki Ryan P. , Christensen Victoria G. , Hlavacek Enrika J. , Sandheinrich Mark B. , LeDuc Jaime F. , Kissane Claire , Knights Brent C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWater level (WL) fluctuations substantially alter the fauna, flora, and microbial community of nearshore aquatic ecosystems. Water level management therefore has the potential to strongly influence a wide variety of ecosystem processes. Many northern temperate lake food webs experience substantial methylmercury contamination, which is partially mediated by the action of sulfate‐reducing bacteria occurring in sediments that are periodically inundated. For lakes with elevated methylmercury, WL management could be designed to reduce methylmercury contamination. At the lake scale, this concept is supported by studies that identified statistical associations between fish mercury content and water level (WL) fluctuations. Here, we compiled a long‐term dataset (1997–2015) of mercury content in young‐of‐year Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens) from six lakes on the border of the United States and Canada and examined whether mercury content was associated with WL fluctuation. Many WL metrics covary and appear to have strong associations with Yellow Perch mercury. However, these associations appear to vary by lake, and lake‐specific models are needed to identify relationships between WL fluctuation and Yellow Perch mercury content. We used partial least‐squares regression (PLSR) to identify the associations between Yellow Perch mercury content and WL metrics, temperature, and annual deposition data for lakes in northern Minnesota. These PLSR models not only showed some variation among lakes, but also supported strong associations between WL fluctuations and annual variation in Yellow Perch mercury content. The study lakes underwent a change in WL management in 2000, when winter WL minimums were increased by about 1 m in five of the six study lakes, which reduced annual WL fluctuation on those lakes. Using the PLSR models, we estimated how this change in WL management would have affected Yellow Perch mercury content. In four of the five study lakes in which annual WL fluctuation was reduced in 2000, the change in WL management likely reduced Yellow Perch mercury content, relative to the previous WL management regime.
Dynamic multistate occupancy modeling to evaluate population dynamics under a scenario of preferential sampling
Authors: Fandos Guillermo , Kéry Marc , Cano‐Alonso Luis Santiago , Carbonell Isidoro , Luis Tellería José 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEffective conservation of animal populations depends on the availability of reliable data derived from rigorous monitoring protocols, which allows us to assess trends and understand the processes they are governed by. Nevertheless, population monitoring schemes are hampered by multiple sources of errors resulting from specific logistical and survey constraints. Two common complications are the non‐visitation of some sites in certain years and preferential sampling (PS), that is, the tendency to survey “better” sites disproportionately more often. Both factors can lead to serious biases unless accommodated into models. We used 22 yr of nest‐monitoring data to develop a dynamic multistate occupancy model, including a PS component to investigate occupancy and reproduction dynamics in a peripheral Black Stork (Ciconia nigra) population in Spain. We analyzed the effects of climate and nesting substrate (tree vs. cliff) on population dynamics and accounted for PS and non‐visitation biases using a model that distinguished three territorial states: unoccupied, occupied without, or occupied with successful reproduction. We found strong evidence for positive PS, and when accounting for this bias, lower population size estimates were generated. Black stork nests had a high probability of remaining in the same state from one year to the next, with successful nests more likely to be occupied again and to be successful the following year than occupied but unsuccessful or unoccupied nests. Nesting substrate and spring precipitation did not influence state transition probabilities or the probability of reproductive success; nevertheless, cliff nest occupancy was overall higher than tree nest occupancy. Our results highlight the importance of correcting for non‐visitation and PS in habitat occupancy models. If these potential biasing effects are not accounted for, inferences of population size may be overestimate. Multistate occupancy models with correction for PS offer a powerful analytical framework for data collected as part of population studies of unmarked animals. These models compensate for common methodological biases in biological surveys and can help implement efficient conservation strategies based on robust population dynamics estimates.
Abundance of spring‐ and winter‐active arthropods declines with warming
Authors: Fitzgerald Jacquelyn L. , Stuble Katharine L. , Nichols Lauren M. , Diamond Sarah E. , Wentworth Thomas R. , Pelini Shannon L. , Gotelli Nicholas J. , Sanders Nathan J. , Dunn Robert R. , Penick Clint A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBecause ectotherm activity and metabolism are sensitive to temperature, terrestrial arthropods may be especially responsive to ongoing climatic warming. Here, we quantified responses of arthropod abundance to two years of warming in an outdoor temperature manipulation experiment at Duke Forest, North Carolina, USA. Nine open‐top chambers were individually heated year‐round from 1.5° to 5.5°C above ambient temperature. From two years of monthly pitfall trapping, we collected and identified 4,468 arthropods representing 24 orders. We initially predicted that arthropods would experience the greatest negative effects of experimental warming during the summer months, when temperatures reach their yearly maximum and arthropods may be close to their maximum thermal tolerance limits. Instead, we found that the strongest negative effects on arthropod abundance occurred during the winter and spring, when ambient temperatures are relatively cooler, whereas the effects of experimental warming on abundance were not significant during the summer or fall. During the spring of 2012, the warmest spring on record for the southeastern USA, total arthropod abundance declined 20% per °C of experimental warming. Abundance declines were driven largely by flies (Diptera), which were the most abundant insect order, representing approximately a third of all arthropods collected. The most abundant arthropod family, Mycetophilidae (fungus gnats), declined 64% per °C of warming during the spring of 2012. Although previous research on climatic warming has focused on the impact of maximum yearly temperatures on organismal performance, our results are more consistent with the cool‐season sensitivity hypothesis, which posits that arthropods adapted for cooler conditions are likely to face the strongest negative effects of warming during the cooler seasons.
Expansion of elevational range in a forest pest: Can parasitoids track their hosts?
Authors: Hódar José A. , Cayuela Luis , Heras Daniel , Pérez‐Luque Antonio J. , Torres‐Muros Lucía 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGradients in elevation impose changes in environmental conditions, which in turn modulate species distribution and abundance as well as the interactions they maintain. Along the gradient, interacting species (e.g., predators, parasitoids) can respond to changes in different ways. This study aims to investigate how egg parasitism of a forest pest, the pine processionary moth (PPM), Thaumetopoea pityocampa, vary along an elevational gradient (190–2000 m.a.s.l.) in a mountain range of SE Spain, including areas of recent elevational expansion, for a seven years period (2008–2014). We used generalized linear mixed models to ascertain the effect of both elevation and the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index (a proxy of interannual climatic conditions) on the rate of parasitism, and the occurrence probabilities of two parasitoid species: a PPM specialist and a generalist species. Since four pine species are stratified along the elevational gradient, we repeated all the analyses separately for lowlands (190–1300 m. a.s.l.) and uplands (1350–2000 m. a.s.l.). Results showed a decrease in both parasitism rate and probability of occurrence of the two main parasitoid species with elevation, although decline was more severe for the specialist species. The effect of elevation was more conspicuous and intense in uplands than in lowlands. Positive NAO winter values, associated with cold and dry winters, reduced the rate of parasitism and the probability of occurrence of the two main parasitoid species—but particularly for the generalist species—as elevation increases. In a context of climate warming, it is crucial to mitigate PPM elevational and latitudinal expansion. Increasing tree diversity at the PPM expansion areas may favor the establishment of parasitoids, which could contribute to synchronizing host– parasitoid interactions and minimize the risk of PPM outbreaks.