bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating the COVID-19 Spread Through Real-time Population Mobility Patterns: Surveillance in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Tyrovolas Stefanos , Giné-Vázquez Iago , Fernández Daniel , Morena Marianthi , Koyanagi Ai , Janko Mark , Haro Josep Maria , Lin Yang , Lee Paul , Pan William , Panagiotakos Demosthenes , Molassiotis Alex 
Published: February 2021

Background
On January 21, 2020, the World Health Organization reported the first case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, which rapidly evolved to the COVID-19 pandemic. Since then, the virus has also rapidly spread among Latin American, Caribbean, and African countries.

Objective
The first aim of this study is to identify new emerging COVID-19 clusters over time and space (from January 21 to mid-May 2020) in Latin American, Caribbean, and African regions, using a prospective space–time scan measurement approach. The second aim is to assess the impact of real-time population mobility patterns between January 21 and May 18, 2020, under the implemented government interventions, measurements, and policy restrictions on COVID-19 spread among those regions and worldwide.

Methods
We created a global COVID-19 database, of 218 countries and territories, merging the World Health Organization daily case reports with other measures such as population density and country income levels for January 21 to May 18, 2020. A score of government policy interventions was created for low, intermediate, high, and very high interventions. The population’s mobility patterns at the country level were
obtained from Google community mobility reports. The prospective space–time scan statistic method was applied in five time periods between January and May 2020, and a regression mixed model analysis was used.

Results
We found that COVID-19 emerging clusters within these five periods of time increased from 7 emerging clusters to 28 by mid-May 2020. We also detected various increasing and decreasing relative risk estimates of COVID-19 spread among Latin American, Caribbean, and African countries within the period of analysis. Globally, population mobility to parks and similar leisure areas during at least a minimum of implemented intermediate-level control policies (when compared to low-level control policies) was related to accelerated COVID-19 spread. Results were almost consistent when regional stratified analysis was applied. In addition, worldwide population mobility due to working during high implemented control policies and very high implemented control policies, when compared to low-level control policies, was related to positive COVID-19 spread.

Conclusions
The prospective space–time scan is an approach that low-income and middle-income countries could use to detect emerging clusters in a timely manner and implement specific control policies and interventions to slow down COVID-19 transmission. In addition, real-time population mobility obtained from crowdsourced digital data could be useful for current and future targeted public health and mitigation policies at a global and regional level.
Use of mHealth to Increase Physical Activity Among Breast Cancer Survivors With Fatigue: Qualitative Exploration
Authors: Martin Elise , Di Meglio Antonio , Charles Cecile , Ferreira Arlindo , Gbenou Arnauld , Blond Marine , Fagnou Benoit , Arvis Johanna , Pistilli Barbara , Saghatchian Mahasti , Vaz Luis Ines 
Published: February 2021

Background
Physical activity has shown beneficial effects in the treatment of breast cancer fatigue; nevertheless, a significant portion of patients remain insufficiently physically active after breast cancer. Currently most patients have a smartphone, and therefore mobile health (mHealth) holds the promise of promoting health behavior uptake for many of them.

Objective
In this study, we explored representations, levers, and barriers to physical activity and mHealth interventions among inactive breast cancer patients with fatigue.

Methods
This was an exploratory, qualitative study including breast cancer patients from a French cancer center. A total of 4 focus groups were conducted with 9 patients; 2 independent groups of patients (groups A and B) were interviewed at 2 consecutive times (sessions 1 to 4), before and after their participation in a 2-week mHealth group experience consisting of (1) a competitive virtual exercise group activity (a fictitious world tour), (2) participation in a daily chat network, and (3) access to physical activity information and world tour classification feedback. We used a thematic content analysis.

Results
Several physical activity levers emerged including (1) physical factors such as perception of physical benefit and previous practice, (2) psychological factors such as motivation increased by provider recommendations, (3) social factors such as group practice, and (4) organizational factors including preplanning physical activity sessions. The main barriers to physical activity identified included late effects of cancer treatment, lack of motivation, and lack of time. The lack of familiarity with connected devices was perceived as the main barrier to the use of mHealth as a means to promote physical activity. The tested mHealth group challenge was associated with several positive representations including well-being and good habit promotion and being a motivational catalyzer. Following feedback, modifications were implemented into the mHealth challenge.

Conclusions
mHealth-based, easily accessed group challenges were perceived as levers for the practice of physical activity in this population. mHealth-based group challenges should be explored as options to promote physical activity in a population with fatigue after breast cancer.
Role of Instruments in Pharmacoeconomics Perspective-An Overview
Authors: Bayya Subba Rao 
Published: February 2021

In health care usually physical scaling is helping in understanding the cure of a disease. In abstract scaling, one has to give his or her own feelings that does not have a fixed scale to compare with, but defined, evaluated and used. Documenting abstract scaling along with physical scaling is gaining its importance to assess a desired outcome achieved or not, which is usually not recorded. In certain circumstances, choice of treatment, therapy is up to the patient. Mathematical equations were established as cost, benefit, utility, effectiveness etc. Policies relating to health care are to increase lifespan of the individual so that losses in productivity or work are minimized. Holistically, in pharmacoeconomics, it is necessary to compile costs and benefits to come to scientific conclusions in selecting a treatment among the choices available and for reimbursements. The current review article illustrates the various approaches, mathematical models and need of abstract scaling for economical effective therapies.
Donation of Contraceptive Products through Special Import Permits: A Case Study in Zambia and Nigeria
Authors: Stachowski Courtney , Magubane Noxolo , Tshikosi Mbavhalelo Jade , Robles Wilberto 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Securing a special import permit for the donation of an unregistered contraceptive product can be a viable option to import the product in an expedited manner. However, this process can be difficult due to varying country requirements and the availability of accurate and timely information.
Case description: This paper will explore the process for securing import permits for donated contraceptive products in Zambia and Nigeria, comparing national guidelines to applicant experiences and providing recommendations to future applicants.
Discussion and evaluation: In practice, application requirements and timelines for special import permits in Zambia and Nigeria differed from national guidelines. Despite these differences, special import permits can be secured more quickly than formal product registration, which is a slower but more sustainable solution.
Conclusion: Due to a lack of comprehensive and up-to-date guidelines online for some low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), the regulatory community is encouraged to share their experiences with special import permit application processes.
A Review on Therapeutic Uses of Terpenoids
Authors: Bisht B. S. , Bankoti Harshita , Bharti Tanuja 
Published: February 2021

Terpenes are a huge and assorted class of natural mixes, created by an assortment of plants, especially conifers, other plants and by some insects. Terpenes regularly have a solid smell and may ensure the plants that produce them by deterring herbivores and by pulling in hunters and parasites of herbivores. Terpene are the essential constituents of the basic oils of numerous kinds of plan Essential oils are utilized generally as aromas in perfumery and for example, fragrant healing. Manufactured varieties and subsidiaries of regular terpenes extraordinarily extend the assortment of fragrances utilized in perfumery and flavors utilized in food added substances.
Keywords: Terpene, Medicinal, Therapeutic.
Development of High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography Method for Quantitation of Gallic Acid in Normacid Syrup: A Poly Herbal Formulation
Authors: Shah Kinjal H , Makwana Rajeshree 
Published: February 2021

Normacid syrup consisiting of 17 ingredients, used in the treatment of hyperacidity and gastritis. Gallic acid is one of the phytoconstituent present in Normacid syrup- a poly herbal formulation. In the present study an attempt has been made to develop a HPTLC method for quantitative estimation of gallic acid in dried fruits used in formulations. This HPTLC method was found to be reproducible, accurate, precise and detect gallic acid at nanogram level. The developed HPTLC method would be an important tool in the quality control method of poly herbal formulation.
Keywords: HPTLC, Polyherbal, Gallic acid, Gastritis
Mirabilis jalapa Flower Extract as Therapeutic Agent and Cellular Delivery by Nanoparticles
Authors: Rathi C R , Suresh S. N. 
Published: February 2021

Bio friendly green modest syntheses of nanoparticles are the present research in the extremity of nanotechnology. This study has been undertaken to explore the determinants of iron nanoparticles from 1 mM FeSO4 solution through profuse concentration of aqueous flower extract of Mirabilis jalapa reducing besides immobilizing agent. The attribute of iron nanoparticles was studied by using UV-VIS spectroscopy SEM and XRD. The XRD spectrum of the iron nanoparticles established the presence of elemental copper signal. Green synthesized iron nanoparticle manifests the zone of inhibition against isolated human pathogenic (Streptococcus species, Bacillus species, Staphylococcus species, Klebsiella species and E. coli) bacteria. The analytical chassis contains the flower pigment betalain the natural food dye resources can efficiently use in the production of iron nanoparticle and it could be utilized in various fields in therapeutics and nanotechnology.
Keywords: Nanoparticles, Mirabilis jalapa, UV-VIS spectroscopy, SEM- XRD.
Efficacy and Safety of 5-Hydroxytryptamine-3 Receptor Antagonists (5-HT3 RAs) for The Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Cancer Patients: A Review
Authors: Nisaurrahmah Nisaurrahmah , Sri Oktavia , Ifora Ifora 
Published: February 2021

Objective: This review provides an update review of the efficacy and safety of 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor antagonists in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in cancer patients.
Methods: The information was collected from electronic scientiﬁc search engines from PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The publication dates covered were from 2010 to 2020. The primary endpoint was the percentage of patients who achieved a complete response (CR), complete control (CC), no nausea, no emesis, or no rescue medication.The secondary endpoint was the percentage of patients who experience constipation related to 5-HT RA constipation, headache, diarrhea, or dizziness, as well as changes in heart rhythm.
Results: Fourteen articles were identified. Palonosetron has the same effectiveness as granisetron as but more effective than ondansetron in the delayed phase and overall. Adverse effects that often occur due to the use of palonosetron, granisetron, and ondansetron are constipation and headache. Some of the articles also mentioned that palonosetron does not cause changes in heart rhythm but granisetron and ondansetron do cause changes in the electrocardiogram (ECG) at certain doses.
Conclusion: Palonosetron has the same effectiveness as granisetron, and more effective than ondansetron in delayed, and overall phases. The use of palonosetron, granisetron, and ondansetron cause constipation and headaches at all doses, palonosetron does not cause ECG abnormalities whereas granisetron and ondansetron cause ECG changes.
Keywords: palonosetron, ondansetron, granisetron, 5-HT3 RAs, cancer, nausea, vomiting, CINV.
Assessment of Risk Factors and Management Associated with Preterm Deliveries and their Outcomes in Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
Authors: Susheela T. Lakshmi , Subbiah Meda. Venkata , Tabasum M. Ahamadi , Khan P. Amreen , Kumari M.V. Swetha , Kiranmai E. 
Published: February 2021

Background: Preterm is a major obstetrical challenge of health care. It is the top most cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality of neonatal deaths. The births of these neonates are at a greater risk of developmental disabilities, health and growth problems than neonates of full term. Aim and objective: To assess the risk factors and management associated with preterm deliveries and their outcomes. Materials & Methods: “A prospective observational cohort study” was conducted over a period of 6 months on 80 Preterm subjects, who were enrolled based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. A detailed questionnaire was used to record socio-demographic, clinical profile and prescribing management. Statistical analysis was performed by percentage method using parameters like mean, standard deviation. Results: The impact of incidence range in the present study was 31.52%. Maximum preterm deliveries were observed in the age group of 18-23 years (44%). Multiparous woman was at more risk for preterm i.e., about 51%. The commonest risk factor for preterm was Anemia (45%) followed by Pre-eclampsia (24%). The treatment prescribed for preterm was Betamethasone, Tidilon, Magnesium sulphate, Progesterone. The commonest neonatal outcome was found to be low birth weight with KMC and supplements of vitamins, iron, calcium as a therapy for their better recovery. Conclusion: The study suggests an urgent need for strengthening effective guidelines and appropriate counselling for prevention of preterm. Maintenance of good hygiene, adequate bed rest and proper antenatal care visits for the better outcomes. Keywords: preterm, multiparous, risk factors, neonatal outcomes, antenatal care, cohort.
Impact of Digitalization in the Eye Strain during Covid-19 Lockdown Period: An Epidemiological Study
Authors: Babu Johnson V. , Abraham Suja , Biju Minnu J. , Jose Joicy 
Published: February 2021

Background: Over past few months due to COVID-19 lockdown, our society has been in indoor settings where the education, work and entertainment are through digital platform. This created an increase in rate of digital eye strain. Method & materials: An epidemiological observational study conducted during lockdown period among people of Kerala with a structured and validated questionnaire using Google form. People with age ≥ 18 years, using digital screen on continuous basis were included in the study.Inform consent were collected from the participants before the survey.The statistical analysis were done using SPSS software. Results and Discussions: A total of 584 were participated in the study where more than 86% reported at least one symptom. Smart phone and computer were the major platform used by participants mainly for learning and entertainment.31% of participants were continuously using digital screen for >2hours.One fourth of participants were using the screen for >9 hours and a 20% uses the screen in dark room or dim light for >5 hours. 66% had mild and 2.2% had severe symptoms.Headache was the common symptom found followed by eye pain and neck/shoulder/joint pain. Females were found to be more prone to develop CVS. Headache, eye redness, burning, etc. were correlated with duration of use. Conclusion: The digital screens demands high visual strain, much attention and care should be taken for vision problems and related issues.Since we are depending on digital screens for many of the daily activities, the information related to CVS and associated discomfort along with the prevention strategies should be explained by health professionals.
Keywords: Digital Eye Strain, Computer vision syndrome, Lockdown, COVID-19
Plate-Rich Plasma and its Utility in Clinical Conditions: A Systematic Review
Authors: Khare Saurabh , Dal Shruti Shrirang , Lingam Suresh , Veeramanikandan V , Balaji Paulraj , Hota Anil , Kannaiyan Jaianand 
Published: February 2021

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous product derived from whole blood through the process of density gradient centrifugation which contains a concentrated form of a large number of platelets in a small volume of plasma. PRP has a higher concentration of growth factors than whole blood. These growth factors promote natural healing. PRP is becoming more popular as a treatment option for a broad spectrum of medical disorders. PRP has been studied but has received less attention. The objective of this literature review was to focus on the utility of PRP on various medical conditions and, to consolidate the available evidence on PRP for the practicing dermatological conditions.
Keywords: Pure Platelet-Rich Plasma (P-PRP), Leukocyte-and Platelet-Rich Plasma (L-PRP), Red - Platelet-Rich Plasma (R-PRP), Injectable Platelet Rich Fibrin (i-PRF), Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), Platelet-poor plasma (PPP), Cytokines, Growth factors.
Corona Viruses and Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) alleles
Authors: Babiker Nihad Elsadig , Gassoum Alsadig , Hamed Sawsan A. , Babiker Sara Elsadig , Fadl-Elmula Imad 
Published: February 2021

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is consisted of cluster of genes known as human leukocyte antigen HLA, these genes are committed to process and present antigens to T lymphocyte. Corona viruses, belonging to a genus of the corona viridae family, are enveloped viruses containing single stranded RNA 27-32 kb. This study was conducted to highlight some observations that may help other researcher for rapid research advances; the new corona virus genome sequence was obtained from Virus pathogen database, the spike protein (surface glycoprotein) was aligned with SPIKE_CVHSA Spike glycoprotein OS=Human SARS coronavirus OX=694009 GN=S PE=1 SV=1 which was retrieved from Uniprot data base Distribution of HLA alleles was obtained from allele frequencies database, IEDB server was used for MHC 1 prediction. The distribution of HLA-A alleles among population revealed that, the most common wasHLA-A*11:01. The affinity prediction of HLA-A*03:01(AAAYFVGYLK) and HLA-A*11:01(AAYFVGYLK) alleles to the spike peptide were positive. The two positive predicted peptides for both 2 alleles showed mutation of K245Q, This mutation may affect the binding affinity of the protein peptides to HLA-A alleles.
Keywords: HLA. MHC, alleles, Corona viruses, SARS, APS
REINTERPRETASI SURAT AL-FIIL DALAM KONTEKS WABAH
Authors: Ghozali Mahbub , Dewi Chandra Kartika 
Published: February 2021

This study aims at rereadingÂ Â the interpretation ofÂ suraÂ (chapter) Al-Fiil with a historical approach. The context of thisÂ suraÂ is the incident of the attack of the elephant army led by Abrahah to Makkah. This event coincided with the outbreak of theÂ Justinian Plagueepidemic in Ethiopia. Thus, it is necessary to rereadÂ Â thisÂ surawith consideration to the pandemic. This study concludes that certain terms in theÂ suraAl-Fiil represent the events of the pandemic that caused the destruction of Abrahahâ€™s army.Â Thayr,Â ababil, andÂ sijjilbecome key terms whose meaning could refer to the cause, spread, and media of the outbreak contracting Abrahah and his army. In addition, a multidisciplinary approach in the interpretation ofÂ suraÂ Al-Fiil can support the argument of the miracles of the Qurâ€™an often attributed to the meaning of thisÂ suraby some classical interpreters. Similarly, the evidence for the miracles of the Qurâ€™an resulted from this study might reinforce the existence ofÂ tafsir bi al-â€˜ilm.
KONSEP MODERASI ISLAM DAN ETIKA KEUTAMAAN ARISTOTELES
Authors: Nia'am M Khusnun , Lestari Puput Dwi 
Published: February 2021

This article aims to describe and analyze issues related to Islamic moderation in the perspective of Aristotle's ethics. Departing from the phenomenon of Islamic rigidity brought by a group with a one-sided truth claim that is not in line with the essence of Islam as a blessing for the universe. Truth claimÂ contrasts to the concept of moderation in Islam. This article will compare the concept of moderation in Islam to Aristotleâ€™s concept of the ethics of virtue. Thus it is interesting to see the concept of ethics in the context of religious moderation. Applying a descriptive-analysis approach, this article shows that the concept of Islamic moderation has in common with Aristotle's view of virtue. Aristotle views that moderation is a wisdom since it comes from the experience of thinking by combining the two choises until becoming a habit. It is the core argument of this article that tries to position reason and theory as a nature for justice.
PANDANGAN POLITIK JARINGAN ISLAM LIBERAL DI INDONESIA
Authors: Azmy Ana Sabhana , Yusra Amri 
Published: February 2021

This article aims to look at the political views of the Jaringan Islam Liberal (Liberal Islam Network) in Indonesia. As a community that wants to carry out reforms with the spirit of modernization and rationality in religion, seeing it in political and democratic contestation in Indonesia is interesting. So this article questions two things; how does Jaringan Islam Liberal view the relevance of religion and politics? and how does Jaringan Islam Liberal view the implementation of democracy? The method used in this paper is a literature study that seeks to collect data from journal articles, books, and other related reading materials. This article shows that the Jaringan Islam Liberal (Liberal Islam Network)Â rejects forms of political Islam that try to formally fight for the superiority of Islamic value systems and symbols in the political sphere. TheyÂ also reject the idea ofÂ an Islamic state and the formalization of shari'ah, andÂ sees democracy as a value that must be implemented in a country. This is because it is in accordance with the basic rights that must be owned by individuals, which are known as human rights.