bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coordination and consensus: the role of compromisers in Tibetan macaques
Authors: Wang Xi , Xia Dong-Po , Sun Bing-Hua , Li Jin-Hua 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Coordination and consensus in collective behavior have attracted a lot of research interest. Although previous studies have investigated the role of compromisers in group consensus, they provide little insight into why compromisers would allow such social arrangements to persist. In this study, the potential relationship between group movements and conflict management in Tibetan macaques in Anhui province, China, was investigated using hierarchical cluster analyses. Some members with higher social centrality or social rank often formed a front-runner cluster during group movements. They had higher leadership success than individuals outside the front-runner cluster. Other members with lower social centrality or social rank often followed the group movements initiated by the front-runner cluster, and thus formed the compromiser cluster. Compromisers’ proximity relations with front-runners increased with their following scores to front-runners. Compromisers had fewer events of being attacked when they followed group movements initiated by the front-runners. The compromising process made compromisers lose the choice of direction preference, but it could increase their individual safeties. This trade-off suggests that compromisers play a role of decision-maker in coordination and consensus scenarios among social animals.
Non-invasive characterization of pleural and pericardial effusions using T1 mapping by magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Rosmini Stefania , Seraphim Andreas , Knott Kristopher , Brown James T , Knight Daniel S , Zaman Sameer , Cole Graham , Sado Daniel , Captur Gabriella , Gomes Ana Caterina , Zemrak Filip , Treibel Thomas A , Cash Lizette , Culotta Veronica , O’Mahony Constantinos , Kellman Peter , Moon James C , Manisty Charlotte 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Aims
Differentiating exudative from transudative effusions is clinically important and is currently performed via biochemical analysis of invasively obtained samples using Light’s criteria. Diagnostic performance is however limited. Biochemical composition can be measured with T1 mapping using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) and hence may offer diagnostic utility for assessment of effusions.

Methods and results
A phantom consisting of serially diluted human albumin solutions (25–200 g/L) was constructed and scanned at 1.5 T to derive the relationship between fluid T1 values and fluid albumin concentration. Native T1 values of pleural and pericardial effusions from 86 patients undergoing clinical CMR studies retrospectively analysed at four tertiary centres. Effusions were classified using Light’s criteria where biochemical data was available (n = 55) or clinically in decompensated heart failure patients with presumed transudative effusions (n = 31). Fluid T1 and protein values were inversely correlated both in the phantom (r = −0.992) and clinical samples (r = −0.663, P &lt; 0.0001). T1 values were lower in exudative compared to transudative pleural (3252 ± 207 ms vs. 3596 ± 213 ms, P &lt; 0.0001) and pericardial (2749 ± 373 ms vs. 3337 ± 245 ms, P &lt; 0.0001) effusions. The diagnostic accuracy of T1 mapping for detecting transudates was very good for pleural and excellent for pericardial effusions, respectively [area under the curve 0.88, (95% CI 0.764–0.996), P = 0.001, 79% sensitivity, 89% specificity, and 0.93, (95% CI 0.855–1.000), P &lt; 0.0001, 95% sensitivity; 81% specificity].

Conclusion
Native T1 values of effusions measured using CMR correlate well with protein concentrations and may be helpful for discriminating between transudates and exudates. This may help focus the requirement for invasive diagnostic sampling, avoiding unnecessary intervention in patients with unequivocal transudative effusions.
Patch augmentation of small ascending aorta during stage I procedure reduces the risk of morbidity and mortality
Authors: Hoganson David M , Piekarski Breanna L , Quinonez Luis G , Kheir John J , Kaza Aditya K , Zurakowski David , Emani Sitaram M , Baird Chris W 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) with aortic atresia (AA) patients are prone to coronary insufficiency due to a small ascending aorta. Prophylactic patch augmentation of the small ascending aorta during the stage I procedure (S1P) may reduce the risk of coronary insufficiency as marked by ventricular dysfunction, need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenator (ECMO) support or mortality.

METHODS
Retrospective analysis of patients with HLHS with AA who underwent an S1P was completed. Baseline ascending aorta size, right ventricular (RV) function and outcome variables of transplant-free survival, ECMO support after the stage 1 operation and RV function at the time of the bidirectional Glenn and latest follow-up were collected.

RESULTS
Between January 2010 and April 2020, 11 patients underwent prophylactic ascending aorta augmentation at the time of the S1P as a planned portion of the procedure. A total of 125 patients underwent S1P during this period as a comparison. Overall survival was 100% for the augmented group and 74% for the control group (P = 0.66). A composite end point of transplant-free survival, no post-S1P ECMO and less than moderate RV dysfunction was created. At the time of BDG, this composite end point was 100% for the augmented group and 61.8% for the control group (P = 0.008) and at most recent follow-up was 100% for the augmented group and 59.3% for control (P = 0.007). Eight patients required a rescue procedure for the clinical evidence of coronary insufficiency following S1P that included ascending aorta patch augmentation or stent placement. When comparing these rescue versus prophylactic ascending aortic augmentations, there were also differences in the composite outcome 100% for augmented and 60% for rescue (P = 0.009) and at the time of most recent follow-up 100% for augmented and 50% for rescue (P = 0.029).

CONCLUSIONS
Prophylactic patch augmentation of the ascending aorta in HLHS patients with AA may reduce the risk of mortality, ECMO and reduced RV function. Patients not initially undergoing augmentation but then requiring a rescue procedure have particularly poor outcomes. Patch augmentation for smaller ascending aortic diameters should be considered and further clinical experience may help delineate aorta diameter threshold for augmentation.
The V6-V1 interpeak interval: a novel criterion for the diagnosis of left bundle branch capture
Authors: Jastrzębski Marek , Burri Haran , Kiełbasa Grzegorz , Curila Karol , Moskal Paweł , Bednarek Agnieszka , Rajzer Marek , Vijayaraman Pugazhendhi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Aims
We hypothesized that during left bundle branch (LBB) area pacing, the various possible combinations of direct capture/non-capture of the septal myocardium and the LBB result in distinct patterns of right and left ventricular activation. This could translate into different combinations of R-wave peak time (RWPT) in V1 and V6. Consequently, the V6-V1 interpeak interval could differentiate the three types of LBB area capture: non-selective (ns-)LBB, selective (s-)LBB, and left ventricular septal (LVS).

Methods and results
Patients with unquestionable evidence of LBB capture were included. The V6-V1 interpeak interval, V6RWPT, and V1RWPT were compared between different types of LBB area capture. A total of 468 patients from two centres were screened, with 124 patients (239 electrocardiograms) included in the analysis. Loss of LVS capture resulted in an increase in V1RWPT by ≥15 ms but did not impact V6RWPT. Loss of LBB capture resulted in an increase in V6RWPT by ≥15 ms but only minimally influenced V1RWPT. Consequently, the V6-V1 interval was longest during s-LBB capture (62.3 ± 21.4 ms), intermediate during ns-LBB capture (41.3 ± 14.0 ms), and shortest during LVS capture (26.5 ± 8.6 ms). The optimal value of the V6-V1 interval value for the differentiation between ns-LBB and LVS capture was 33 ms (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 84.7%). A specificity of 100% for the diagnosis of LBB capture was obtained with a cut-off value of &gt;44 ms.

Conclusion
The V6-V1 interpeak interval is a promising novel criterion for the diagnosis of LBB area capture.
The evolution of the PC
Authors: Fowler Kylie , Josey Richard , Norfolk David 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A collaborative article by Strategy Consultant Kylie Fowler FBCS, Lead Service Management Solution Architect Richard Josey CITP MBCS and Bloor Analyst David Norfolk CITP MBCS: all committee members of the BCS SM-ITAM Specialist Group. They explore the demand, usage and evolution of the device.
A divide and conquer approach to leads-to-model checking
Authors: Phyo Yati , Do Canh Minh , Kazuhiro Ogata 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The paper ‘A Divide and Conquer Approach to Leads-to Model Checking’, by Yati Phyo, Canh Minh Do and Kazuhiro Ogata, published in The Computer Journal (February 2021), explores a new leads-to model method to negate the state involvement in model checking.
The effect of short-term phytase supplementation on the apparent total tract digestibility of calcium and phosphorus and the reproductive performance of late-gestation and lactating sows fed diets without mineral phosphorus
Authors: Zhai H , Cowieson A J , Pappenberger G , Zhang J , Wu J 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The objective of this study was to measure apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of Ca and P as well as reproductive performance in late-gestation and lactating sows supplemented with a novel phytase and to compare the response to phytase supplementation between late-gestation and lactating sows. Forty-five late-gestation sows and 45 lactating sows were used in experiments 1 and 2, respectively, in a completely randomized design. The sows were provided with a control diet or the control diet supplemented with 187.5 or 375 FYT phytase/kg feed for 10 days. The diets were prepared according to the formulas in use for production but without any inorganic P supplement. Titanium dioxide was included at 3 g/kg feed as an indigestible marker. Each dietary treatment was replicated with 15 sows individually-housed in farrowing stalls. The sows were allowed to adapt to the experimental diets for 5 days before a 5-d fecal collection by grab sampling, and the performance of the sows and their litters were measured until weaning. The results showed that the ATTD of Ca increased linearly (P &lt; 0.001) while the ATTD of P increased both linearly and quadratically (P &lt; 0.01) with increasing supplementation of phytase in both late-gestation and lactating sows. There was no significant effect of phytase on the ATTD of dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy, and the performance of the sows and their progenies. The phytase added at 187.5 and 375 FYT/kg feed released 0.07% and 0.10% digested P, respectively, in late-gestation sows, which compared with 0.09% and 0.12% digested P in lactating sows. In conclusion, a novel phytase at 187.5 to 375 FYT/kg feed could release 0.07 to 0.12% digestible P for sows. It appeared that using the P digestibility values of feed ingredients listed by NRC (2012) to formulate a diet for sows might overestimate dietary P supply and a greater response to phytase supplementation could be expected in lactating sows than in late-gestation sows.
Dermal Nanoemulsion Treatment Reduces Burn Wound Conversion and Improves Skin Healing in a Porcine Model of Thermal Burn Injury
Authors: Dolgachev Vladislav A , Ciotti Susan , Liechty Emma , Levi Benjamin , Wang Stewart C , Baker James R , Hemmila Mark R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Burn wound progression is an inflammation-driven process where an initial partial-thickness thermal burn wound can evolve over time to a full-thickness injury. We have developed an oil-in-water nanoemulsion formulation (NB-201) containing benzalkonium chloride for use in burn wounds that is antimicrobial and potentially inhibits burn wound progression. We used a porcine burn injury model to evaluate the effect of topical nanoemulsion treatment on burn wound conversion and healing. Anesthetized swine received thermal burn wounds using a 25-cm2 surface area copper bar heated to 80°C. Three different concentrations of NB-201 (10, 20, or 40% nanoemulsion), silver sulfadiazine cream, or saline were applied to burned skin immediately after injury and on days 1, 2, 4, 7, 10, 14, and 18 postinjury. Digital images and skin biopsies were taken at each dressing change. Skin biopsy samples were stained for histological evaluation and graded. Skin tissue samples were also assayed for mediators of inflammation. Dermal treatment with NB-201 diminished thermal burn wound conversion to a full-thickness injury as determined by both histological and visual evaluation. Comparison of epithelial restoration on day 21 showed that 77.8% of the nanoemulsion-treated wounds had an epidermal injury score of 0 compared to 16.7% of the silver sulfadiazine-treated burns (P = .01). Silver sulfadiazine cream- and saline-treated wounds (controls) converted to full-thickness burns by day 4. Histological evaluation revealed reduced inflammation and evidence of skin injury in NB-201-treated sites compared to control wounds. The nanoemulsion-treated wounds often healed with complete regrowth of epithelium and no loss of hair follicles (NB-201: 4.8 ± 2.1, saline: 0 ± 0, silver sulfadiazine: 0 ± 0 hair follicles per 4-mm biopsy section, P &lt; .05). Production of inflammatory mediators and sequestration of neutrophils were also inhibited by NB-201. Topically applied NB-201 prevented the progression of a partial-thickness burn wound to full-thickness injury and was associated with a concurrent decrease in dermal inflammation.
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis presenting as a cystic mass: a rare case report
Authors: Saadi Mohamed Hafedh , Bibi Mokhtar , Rekik Issam , Ouanes Yassine , Dali Khaireddine Mrad , Kassar Alia Zehani , Sellami Ahmed , Rhouma Sami Ben , Nouira Yassine 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis may, rarely, occur as a renal cystic mass. We report a case report of a 50-year-old with a history of medically treated renal lithiasis, who consults for left low back pain. Imaging findings concluded to a Bosniak type-3 hemorrhagic cystic mass of the left kidney. The diagnosis of xanthogranumolatous pyelonephritis on its focal form was made histologically. The diagnosis of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is often difficult even with surgical findings and frequently a histological surprise. This points out the importance of identifying it in pre-operative staging; the diagnosis may be suggested by the association of chronic pyelonephritis, renal stones and hypovascular renal tumor syndrome without specificity at sonography and CT.
Comparisons of photosynthetic and anatomical traits between wild and domesticated cotton
Authors: Lei Zhangying , Liu Fang , Wright Ian J , Carriquí Marc , Niinemets Ülo , Han Jimei , Jia Mengmeng , Atwell Brian J , Cai Xiaoyan , Zhang Wangfeng , Zhou Zhongli , Zhang Yali 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Mesophyll conductance (gm) is a crucial leaf trait contributing to the photosynthetic rate (AN). Plant domestication typically leads to an enhancement of AN that is often associated with profound anatomical modifications, but it is unclear which of these structural alterations influence gm. We analyzed the implication of domestication on leaf anatomy and its effect on gm in 26 wild and 31 domesticated cotton genotypes (Gossypium sp.) grown under field conditions. We found that domesticated genotypes had higher AN but similar gm to wild genotypes. Consistent with this, domestication did not translate into significant differences in the fraction of mesophyll occupied by intercellular air spaces (fias) or mesophyll and chloroplast surface area exposed to intercellular air space (Sm/S and Sc/S, respectively). However, leaves of domesticated genotypes were significantly thicker, with larger but fewer mesophyll cells with thinner cell walls. Moreover, domesticated genotypes had higher cell wall conductance (gcw) but smaller cytoplasmic conductance (gcyt) than wild genotypes. It appears that domestication in cotton has not generally led to significant improvement in gm, in part because their thinner mesophyll cell walls (increasing gcw) compensate for their lower gcyt, itself due to larger distance between plasmalemma and chloroplast envelopes.
Application of Raman spectroscopy for detection of histologically distinct areas in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded glioblastoma
Authors: Klamminger Gilbert Georg , Gérardy Jean-Jacques , Jelke Finn , Mirizzi Giulia , Slimani Rédouane , Klein Karoline , Husch Andreas , Hertel Frank , Mittelbronn Michel , Kleine-Borgmann Felix B 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Although microscopic assessment is still the diagnostic gold standard in pathology, non-light microscopic methods such as new imaging methods and molecular pathology have considerably contributed to more precise diagnostics. As an upcoming method, Raman spectroscopy (RS) offers a “molecular fingerprint” that could be used to differentiate tissue heterogeneity or diagnostic entities. RS has been successfully applied on fresh and frozen tissue, however more aggressively, chemically treated tissue such as formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples are challenging for RS.

Methods
To address this issue, we examined FFPE samples of morphologically highly heterogeneous glioblastoma (GBM) using RS in order to classify histologically defined GBM areas according to RS spectral properties. We have set up an SVM (support vector machine)-based classifier in a training cohort and corroborated our findings in a validation cohort.

Results
Our trained classifier identified distinct histological areas such as tumor core and necroses in GBM with an overall accuracy of 70.5% based on the spectral properties of RS. With an absolute misclassification of 21 out of 471 Raman measurements, our classifier has the property of precisely distinguishing between normal-appearing brain tissue and necrosis. When verifying the suitability of our classifier system in a second independent dataset, very little overlap between necrosis and normal-appearing brain tissue can be detected.

Conclusion
These findings show that histologically highly variable samples such as GBM can be reliably recognized by their spectral properties using RS. As conclusion, we propose that RS may serve useful as a future method in the pathological toolbox.
Descriptive and retrospective analysis of diffuse glioma patients with symptomatic SARS-CoV2 infection during the first wave of the pandemic
Authors: Lozano-Sanchez Fernando , Ursu Renata , Di-Stefano Anna Luisa , Ducray Francois , Younan Nadia , Touat Mehdi , Groh Matthieu , Agguini Hanane , Belin Catherine , Garnier Luois , Delattre Jean-Yves , Carpentier Antoine , Idbaih Ahmed 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Little is known about diffuse glioma patients infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2).

Methods
We performed a descriptive and retrospective analysis of 41 diffuse glioma patients with symptomatic SARS-CoV2 infection during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results
Confusion with or without fever was the most common neurological symptom (32%) supporting SARS-CoV2 testing in glioma patients with acute and unexplained confusion. Sixteen patients (39%) died after a median delay of 13 days. While multiple clinical, biological, and pathological features, COVID-19- or diffuse glioma-related, at hospital admission appeared to have a pejorative prognostic impact, none was significantly associated with death. Oncological treatments were interrupted at COVID-19 diagnosis and re-initiated with a median delay of 30 days after the end of COVID-19 symptoms.

Conclusions
Interestingly, our retrospective study describes for the first time the characteristics of a cohort of diffuse glioma patients with symptomatic COVID-19. Diffuse glioma patients with poorly symptomatic COVID-19 did not come to the attention of physicians and were not enrolled in the study skewing the denominator for prognostic analysis. Further studies are warranted to specify prognosis of overall population of diffuse glioma patients with COVID-19, including asymptomatic patients, and interactions of prognostic factors of both COVID-19 and diffuse gliomas.
Ethics consultations in neuro-oncology
Authors: Sener Ugur , Neil Elizabeth C , Scharf Amy , Carver Alan C , Buthorn Justin B , Bossert Dana , Sigler Allison M , Voigt Louis P , Diamond Eli L 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundManagement of patients with brain tumors can lead to ethical and decisional dilemmas. The aim of this study was to characterize ethical conflicts encountered in neuro-oncologic patients.MethodsRetrospective review of ethics consultations performed upon patients with primary and metastatic brain tumors at a tertiary cancer center. An ethics consultation database was examined to characterize ethical conflicts, contextual factors, and interventions by the consultation team.ResultsFifty consultations were reviewed; 28 (56%) patients were women, median age 54 (range 4-86); 27 (54%) patients had a primary central nervous system malignancy; 20 (40%) had brain metastasis. At the time of consultations, 41 (82%) patients lacked decisional capacity; 48 (96%) had a designated surrogate decision maker; 3 (6%) had an advance directive outlining wishes regarding medical treatment; 12 (24%) had a Do Not Attempt Resuscitation (DNAR) order. Ethical conflicts centered upon management of end-of-life (EOL) circumstances in 37 (72%) of cases; of these, 30 did not have decisional capacity. The most common ethical issues were DNAR status, surrogate decision making, and request for nonbeneficial treatment. Consultants resolved conflicts by facilitating decision making for incapacitated patients in 30 (60%) cases, communication between conflicting parties in 10 (20%), and re-articulation of patients’ previously stated wishes in 6 (12%).ConclusionsDecisional capacity at EOL represents the primary ethical challenge in care of neuro-oncologic patients. Incomplete awareness among surrogate decision makers of patients’ prognosis and preferences contributes to communication gaps and dilemmas. Early facilitation of communication between patients, caregivers, and medical providers may prevent or mitigate conflicts and allow the enactment of patients’ goals and values.
Financial Intermediation in the Age of FinTech: P2P Lending and the Reinvention of Banking
Authors: Bavoso Vincenzo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article focuses on the rise of FinTech over the past 10 years, particularly with respect to the role of technology-based platforms in the provision of credit. In this specific context, peer-to-peer (P2P) lending has acquired an increasing importance, with a larger share of loans having been originated through P2P platforms instead of traditional banking channels. This trend has been welcomed by policy makers as a move towards alternative market-based finance, which should contribute to better risk diversification by moving risks away from systemic financial institutions. At the same time, this shift presents a number of regulatory questions that have remained largely unexplored. This is so because the nature and role of P2P platforms have remained loosely defined, which means that it has been difficult to identify relevant regulatory challenges emerging from these channels of finance. This research tackles two interrelated questions. First, it addresses the conceptual redefinition of financial intermediation. This enables understanding of the function of P2P platforms, and whether they have supplemented the intermediation role traditionally conducted by banks. Secondly, it explores the risks that arise in connection with P2P lending channels. This second enquiry highlights outstanding policy and regulatory issues that have remained unexplored or downplayed in current debates.