bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Incidence of Breast Cancer Recurrence 10-32 Years After Primary Diagnosis
Authors: Pedersen Rikke Nørgaard , Esen Buket Öztürk , Mellemkjær Lene , Christiansen Peer , Ejlertsen Bent , Lash Timothy Lee , Nørgaard Mette , Cronin-Fenton Deirdre 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Extended, more effective breast cancer treatments have increased the prevalence of long-term survivors. We investigated the risk of late breast cancer recurrence (BCR), 10 years or more after primary diagnosis, and associations between patient and tumor characteristics at primary diagnosis and late BCR up to 32 years after primary breast cancer diagnosis.

Methods
Using the Danish Breast Cancer Group clinical database, we identified all women with an incident early breast cancer diagnosed during 1987-2004. We restricted to women who survived 10 years without a recurrence or second cancer (10-year disease-free survivors) and followed them from 10 years after breast cancer diagnosis date until late recurrence, death, emigration, second cancer, or December 31, 2018. We calculated incidence rates per 1000 person-years and cumulative incidences for late BCR, stratifying by patient and tumor characteristics. Using Cox regression, we calculated adjusted hazard ratios for late BCR accounting for competing risks.

Results
Among 36 924 women with breast cancer, 20 315 became 10-year disease-free survivors. Of these, 2595 developed late BCR (incidence rate = 15.53 per 1000 person-years, 95% confidence interval = 14.94 to 16.14; cumulative incidence = 16.6%, 95% confidence interval = 15.8% to 17.5%) from year 10 to 32 after primary diagnosis. Tumor size larger than 20 mm, lymph node–positive disease, and estrogen receptor–positive tumors were associated with increased cumulative incidences and hazards for late BCR.

Conclusions
Recurrences continued to occur up to 32 years after primary diagnosis. Women with high lymph node burden, large tumor size, and estrogen receptor–positive tumors had increased risk of late recurrence. Such patients may warrant extended surveillance, more aggressive treatment, or new therapy approaches.
Using breeding and quantitative genetics to understand the C4 pathway
Authors: Simpson Conor J C , Reeves Gregory , Tripathi Anoop , Singh Pallavi , Hibberd Julian M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Reducing photorespiration in C3 crops could significantly increase rates of photosynthesis and yield. One method to achieve this would be to integrate C4 photosynthesis into C3 species. This objective is challenging as it involves engineering incompletely understood traits into C3 leaves, including complex changes to their biochemistry, cell biology, and anatomy. Quantitative genetics and selective breeding offer underexplored routes to identify regulators of these processes. We first review examples of natural intraspecific variation in C4 photosynthesis as well as the potential for hybridization between C3 and C4 species. We then discuss how quantitative genetic approaches including artificial selection and genome-wide association could be used to better understand the C4 syndrome and in so doing guide the engineering of the C4 pathway into C3 crops.
A novel chicory fructanase can degrade common microbial fructan product profiles and displays positive cooperativity
Authors: Versluys Maxime , Porras-Domínguez Jaime Ricardo , De Coninck Tibo , Van Damme Els J M , Van den Ende Wim 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Fructan metabolism in bacteria and plants relies on fructosyltransferases and fructanases. Plant fructanases (fructan exohydrolase, FEH) only hydrolyse terminal fructose residues. Levan (β-2,6 linkages) is the most abundant fructan type in bacteria. Dicot fructan accumulators, such as chicory (Cichorium intybus), accumulate inulin (β-2,1 linkages), harbouring several 1-FEH isoforms for their degradation. Here, a novel chicory fructanase with high affinity for levan was characterized, providing evidence that such enzymes widely occur in higher plants. It is adapted to common microbial fructan profiles, but has low affinity towards chicory inulin, in line with a function in trimming of microbial fructans in the extracellular environment. Docking experiments indicate the importance of an N-glycosylation site close to the active site for substrate specificity. Optimal pH and temperature for levan hydrolysis are 5.0 and 43.7 °C, respectively. Docking experiments suggested multiple substrate binding sites and levan-mediated enzyme dimerization, explaining the observed positive cooperativity. Alignments show a single amino acid shift in the position of a conserved DXX(R/K) couple, typical for sucrose binding in cell wall invertases. A possible involvement of plant fructanases in levan trimming is discussed, in line with the emerging ‘fructan detour’ concepts, suggesting that levan oligosaccharides act as signalling entities during plant-microbial interactions.
A machine learning approach to mapping baryons on to dark matter haloes using theeagleandC-EAGLEsimulations
Authors: Lovell Christopher C , Wilkins Stephen M , Thomas Peter A , Schaller Matthieu , Baugh Carlton M , Fabbian Giulio , Bahé Yannick 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTHigh-resolution cosmological hydrodynamic simulations are currently limited to relatively small volumes due to their computational expense. However, much larger volumes are required to probe rare, overdense environments, and measure clustering statistics of the large-scale structure. Typically, zoom simulations of individual regions are used to study rare environments, and semi-analytic models and halo occupation models applied to dark-matter-only (DMO) simulations are used to study the Universe in the large-volume regime. We propose a new approach, using a machine learning framework, to explore the halo–galaxy relationship in the periodic eagle simulations, and zoom C-EAGLE simulations of galaxy clusters. We train a tree-based machine learning method to predict the baryonic properties of galaxies based on their host dark matter halo properties. The trained model successfully reproduces a number of key distribution functions for an infinitesimal fraction of the computational cost of a full hydrodynamic simulation. By training on both periodic simulations and zooms of overdense environments, we learn the bias of galaxy evolution in differing environments. This allows us to apply the trained model to a larger DMO volume than would be possible if we only trained on a periodic simulation. We demonstrate this application using the (800 Mpc)3 P-Millennium simulation, and present predictions for key baryonic distribution functions and clustering statistics from the eagle model in this large volume.
A comprehensive chemical abundance analysis of the extremely metal poor Leoncino Dwarf galaxy (AGC 198691)
Authors: Aver Erik , Berg Danielle A , Hirschauer Alec S , Olive Keith A , Pogge Richard W , Rogers Noah S J , Salzer John J , Skillman Evan D 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
We re-examine the extremely metal-poor dwarf galaxy AGC 198691 using a high quality spectrum obtained by the LBT’s MODS instrument. Previous spectral observations obtained from KOSMOS on the Mayall 4-m and the Blue channel spectrograph on the MMT 6.5-m telescope did not allow for the determination of sulfur, argon, or helium abundances. We report an updated and full chemical abundance analysis for AGC 198691, including confirmation of the extremely low “direct” oxygen abundance with a value of 12 + log (O/H) = 7.06 ± 0.03. AGC 198691’s low metallicity potentially makes it a high value target for helping determine the primordial helium abundance (Yp). Though complicated by a Na i night sky line partially overlaying the He i λ5876 emission line, the LBT/MODS spectrum proved adequate for determining AGC 198691’s helium abundance. We employ the recently expanded and improved model of Aver et al., incorporating higher Balmer and Paschen lines, augmented by the observation of the infrared helium emission line He i λ10830 obtained by Hsyu et al. Applying our full model produced a reliable helium abundance determination, consistent with the expectation for its metallicity. Although this is the lowest metallicity object with a detailed helium abundance, unfortunately, due to its faintness [EW(Hβ) &lt; 100 Å] and the compromised He i λ5876, the resultant uncertainty on the helium abundance is too large to allow a significant improvement on the measurement of Yp.
Chemical environments of 6.7 GHz methanol maser sources
Authors: Paulson Sonu Tabitha , Pandian Jagadheep D 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
6.7 GHz methanol masers are the brightest of class II methanol masers that are regarded as excellent signposts in the formation of young massive stars. We present here a molecular line study of 68 6.7 GHz methanol maser hosts chosen from the Methanol Multibeam survey catalogue, which have MALT90 data available. We performed (1) pixel-by-pixel study of 9 methanol maser sources that have high signal-to-noise ratio and (2) statistical study taking into account the entire 68 sources. We estimated the molecular column densities and abundances of N2H+(1–0), HCO+(1–0), HCN(1–0), and HNC(1–0) lines. The derived abundances are found to be in congruence with the typical values found towards high-mass star-forming regions. We derived the column density and abundance ratios between these molecular species as an attempt to unveil the evolutionary stage of methanol maser sources. We found the column density and abundance ratio of HCN to HNC to increase and that of N2H+ to HCO+ to decline with source evolution, as suggested by the chemical models. The HCN/HNC, N2H+/HCO+, HNC/HCO+, and N2H+/HNC ratios of the methanol maser sources are consistent with them being at a later evolutionary state than quiescent phase and possibly protostellar phase, but at an earlier stage than $\mathrm{H}\, \small {{\rm II}}$ regions and photo-dominated regions.
Mapping dark matter on the celestial sphere with weak gravitational lensing
Authors: Wallis Christopher G R , Price Matthew A , McEwen Jason D , Kitching Thomas D , Leistedt Boris , Plouviez Antoine 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Convergence maps of the integrated matter distribution are a key science result from weak gravitational lensing surveys. To date, recovering convergence maps has been performed using a planar approximation of the celestial sphere. However, with the increasing area of sky covered by dark energy experiments, such as Euclid, the Vera Rubin Observatory’s Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), and the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, this assumption will no longer be valid. We recover convergence fields on the celestial sphere using an extension of the Kaiser–Squires estimator to the spherical setting. Through simulations, we study the error introduced by planar approximations. Moreover, we examine how best to recover convergence maps in the planar setting, considering a variety of different projections and defining the local rotations that are required when projecting spin fields such as cosmic shear. For the sky coverages typical of future surveys, errors introduced by projection effects can be of the order of tens of percent, exceeding 50 per cent in some cases. The stereographic projection, which is conformal and so preserves local angles, is the most effective planar projection. In any case, these errors can be avoided entirely by recovering convergence fields directly on the celestial sphere. We apply the spherical Kaiser–Squires mass-mapping method presented to the public Dark Energy Survey science verification data to recover convergence maps directly on the celestial sphere.
The scientific observation campaign of the Hayabusa-2 capsule re-entry
Authors: Sansom Eleanor K , Devillepoix Hadrien A R , Yamamoto Masa-yuki , Abe Shinsuke , Nozawa Satoshi , Towner Martin C , Cupák Martin , Hiramatsu Yoshihiro , Kawamura Taichi , Fujita Kazuhisa , Yoshikawa Makoto , Ishihara Yoshiaki , Hamama Islam , Segawa Norihisa , Kakinami Yoshihiro , Furumoto Muneyoshi , Katao Hiroshi , Inoue Yuichiro , Cool Andrew , Bonning Geoffrey , Howie Robert M , Bland Phil A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
On 2020 December 5 at 17:28 UTC, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency’s Hayabusa-2 sample return capsule came back to the Earth. It re-entered the atmosphere over South Australia, visible for 53 seconds as a fireball from near the Northern Territory border toward Woomera where it landed in the the Woomera military test range. A scientific observation campaign was planned to observe the optical, seismo-acoustic, radio, and high energy particle phenomena associated with the entry of an interplanetary object. A multi-institutional collaboration between Australian and Japanese universities resulted in the deployment of 49 instruments, with a further 13 permanent observation sites. The campaign successfully recorded optical, seismo-acoustic, and spectral data for this event which will allow an in-depth analysis of the effects produced by interplanetary objects impacting the Earth’s atmosphere. This will allow future comparison and insights to be made with natural meteoroid objects.
Axion cloud decay due to the axion–photon conversion with background magnetic fields
Authors: Yoo Chul-Moon , Naruko Atsushi , Sakurai Yusuke , Takahashi Keitaro , Takamori Yohsuke , Yamauchi Daisuke 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We consider an axion cloud around a black hole with background magnetic fields. We calculate the decay rate of the axion cloud due to the axion–photon conversion associated with the axion–photon coupling. For simplicity, we consider the situation where the axion configuration is dominated by a solution for the eigenvalue equation equivalent to that for the hydrogen atom, and the coupling term can be evaluated by a successive perturbation method. For the monopole background, we find the decay rate of the axion cloud is given by ∼q2κ2(GM)5μ8, where μ, M, G, κ, and q are the axion mass, black hole mass, gravitational constant, coupling constant of the axion–photon coupling, and monopole charge, respectively. For the uniform background magnetic field, we obtain the decay rate of the axion cloud $\sim B_0^2\kappa ^2 (GM)^7\mu ^6$, where B0 is the magnetic field strength. Applying our formula to the central black hole in our galaxy, we find that the value of the decay rate for the case of the uniform magnetic field is comparable to the growth rate of the superradiant instability with κ ∼ 10−12 GeV−1, B0 ∼ 103 G and μ ∼ 10−18 eV. The ratio is 105 times larger for the monopole magnetic field with the same values for the parameters.
Stomatal responses ofEucalyptusspp. under drought can be predicted with a gain–risk optimization model
Authors: Saunders Alta , Drew David M 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe frequency and severity of drought events are expected to increase due to climate change, with optimal environmental conditions for forestry likely to shift. Modeling plant responses to a changing climate is therefore vital. We tested the process-based gain–risk model to predict stomatal responses to drought of two Eucalyptus hybrids. The process-based gain-risk model has the advantage that all the parameters used within the model are based on measurable plant traits. The gain-risk model proposes that plants optimize photosynthetic gain while minimizing a hydraulic cost. Previous versions of the model used hydraulic risk as a cost function; however, they did not account for delayed or reduced hydraulic recovery rates from embolism post-drought. Hydraulic recovery has been seen in many species, however it is still unclear how this inclusion of a partial or delayed hydraulic recovery would affect the predictive power of the gain-risk model. Many hydraulic parameters required by the model are also difficult to measure and are not freely available. We therefore tested a simplified gain-risk model that includes a delayed or reduced hydraulic recovery component post-drought. The simplified gain-risk model performed well at predicting stomatal responses in both Eucalyptus grandis × camaldulensis (GC) and Eucalyptus urophylla × grandis (UG). In this study two distinct strategies were seen between GC and UG, with GC being more resistant to embolism formation, however it could not recover hydraulic conductance compared with UG. The inclusion of a delayed or reduced hydraulic recovery component slightly improved model predictions for GC, however not for UG, which can be related to UG being able to recover lost hydraulic conductance and therefore can maintain stomatal conductance regardless of hydraulic risk. Even though the gain-risk model shows promise in predicting plant responses, more information is needed regarding hydraulic recovery after drought.
Phylogeny and revised classification of the saucer bugs (Hemiptera: Nepomorpha: Naucoridae)
Authors: Sites Robert W 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The true bug infraorder Nepomorpha contains 11 families with classifications mostly using morphological features and not based on phylogenetic analyses. Presented here is the first molecular-based phylogeny for a family of Nepomorpha including more than half of the constituent taxa. Two nuclear (18S rRNA and 28S rRNA) and two mitochondrial (COI and COII) genes were used to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships with both Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analyses. Ingroup taxa included all six subfamilies, 41 of the 43 genera, and 221 species and subspecies. Results of the analyses were mostly congruent and revealed Naucoridae to be monophyletic, but two of the subfamilies (Cheirochelinae and Naucorinae) and three genera (Heleocoris, Laccocoris and Naucoris) as polyphyletic. Two clades formerly in Naucorinae were recovered as distinct subfamily-level clades: Macrocorinae subfam. nov. contains the African Macrocoris and Neomacrocoris, and Ilyocorinae stat. nov. contains the Palaearctic Ilyocoris and Neotropical Placomerus. Laccocorinae is unchanged in its constituent membership, but its organization now includes four tribe-level groups. Limnocorinae and the recently revised Cryphocricinae and Ambrysinae are unchanged. An annotated list of all subfamily-, tribe- and genus-group taxa is presented, including new taxa descriptions, synonymies and new combinations.
t(14;18) Translocations in Dioxin-Exposed Workers
Authors: Hryhorczuk Daniel , Dardynskaia Irina , Hirt Carsten , Dardynskiy Oleg , Turner Wayman , Ruestow Peter , Bartell Scott , Steenland Kyle , Zvinchuk Oleksandr , Baccarelli Andrea A. 
Published: November 2021

Objective:
To determine if occupational exposure to dioxins is associated with an increased frequency of t(14;18) translocations.

Methods:
A cross-sectional analysis of serum dioxin levels and t(14;18) frequencies in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in 218 former chemical plant workers and 150 population controls.

Results:
The workers had significantly higher geometric mean serum levels of 2,3,7,8-TCDD (26.2 vs 2.5 ppt) and TEQ (73.8 vs 17.7 ppt) than controls. There were no significant differences in the prevalence or frequency of t(14;18) translocations in the workers compared to controls. Among former workers with current or past chloracne who were t(14;18) positive, the frequency of translocations significantly increased with quartiles of 2,3,7,8-TCDD and TEQ.

Conclusion:
Chloracne appears to modulate the association between dioxin exposure and increased frequency of t(14;18) translocations.
Cochlear Implantation in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis
Authors: Mathew Rajeev , Bryan James , Chaudhry Daoud , Chaudhry Abdullah , Kuhn Isla , Tysome James , Donnelly Neil , Axon Patrick , Bance Manohar 
Published: November 2021

Objective:
To determine outcomes following cochlear implantation (CI) in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Databases Reviewed:
MEDLINE, Embase, Web of science, Cochrane Library, and Clinicaltrial.gov.

Methods:
The review was performed according to the PRISMA statement. Primary outcomes measures were changes in speech perception and speech production scores. Secondary outcome measures included communication mode, device use, parental recommendation of implant, postoperative hyperacusis, and quality of life measures. Pooled analysis of outcomes was performed if possible.

Results:
Twenty-four studies reported on 159 children with ASD. There were improvements in speech perception in 78% of cases and in speech expression in 63% of cases, though the extent of this improvement was variable. Seventy-four percent of children with ASD and CI are nonoral communicators. Intermittent/nonuse rate was 31%. Hearing outcomes are worse compared to children with other disabilities. The vast majority of parents would recommend CI based on their experiences.

Conclusion:
Outcome in children with ASD and CI are highly variable and significantly poorer compared to non-ASD children. Despite this, most parents report positive experiences and the evidence supports the use of CI in children with ASD.
Relationship Between Intraoperative Electrocochleography and Hearing Preservation
Authors: Lenarz Thomas , Buechner Andreas , Gantz Bruce , Hansen Marlan , Tejani Viral D. , Labadie Robert , O’Connell Brendan , Buchman Craig Alan , Valenzuela Carla V. , Adunka Oliver F. , Harris Michael S. , Riggs William J. , Fitzpatrick Douglas , Koka Kanthaiah 
Published: November 2021

Objectives:
To compare intraoperative intracochlear electrocochleography (ECochG) with hearing preservation outcomes in cochlear implant (CI) subjects.

Design:
Intraoperative electrocochleography was performed in adult CI subjects who were recipients of Advanced Bionics’ Bionics LLC precurved HiFocus MidScala or straight HiFocus SlimJ electrode arrays. ECochG responses were recorded from the most apical electrode contact during insertion. No changes to the insertions were made due to ECochG monitoring. No information about insertion resistance was collected. ECochG drops were estimated as the change in amplitude from peak (defined as maximum amplitude response) to drop (largest drop) point after the peak during insertion was measured following the peak response. Audiometric thresholds from each subject were obtained before and approximately 1 month after CI surgery. The change in pure tone average for frequencies between 125 Hz and 500 Hz was measured after surgery. No postoperative CT scans were collected as part of this study.

Results:
A total of 68 subjects from five surgical centers participated in the study. The study sample included 30 MidScala and 38 SlimJ electrodes implanted by approximately 20 surgeons who contributed to the study. Although a wide range of results were observed, there was a moderate positive correlation (Pearson Correlation coefficient, r = 0.56, p < 0.01) between the size of the ECochG drop and the magnitude of pure tone average change. This trend was present for both the MidScala and SlimJ arrays. The SlimJ and MidScala arrays produced significantly different hearing loss after surgery.

Conclusion:
Large ECochG amplitude drops observed during electrode insertion indicated poorer hearing preservation. Although the outcomes were variable, this information may be helpful to guide surgical decision-making when contemplating full electrode insertion and the likelihood of hearing preservation.