bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supporting the pursuit of professionalism during a crisis
Authors: Cooper William O , Lorenzi Nancy M , Davidson Heather A , Baldwin Cynthia A , Feinberg Daniel M , Hopkins Joseph , Spell Nathan O , Uthe Craig J , Hickson Gerald B 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundCrisis plans for healthcare organisations most often focus on operational needs including staffing, supplies and physical plant needs. Less attention is focused on how leaders can support and encourage individual clinical team members to conduct themselves as professionals during a crisis.MethodsThis qualitative study analysed observations from 79 leaders at 160 hospitals that participate in two national professionalism programmes who shared their observations in focus group discussions about what they believed were the essential elements of leading and addressing professional accountability during a crisis.ResultsAnalysis of focus group responses identified six leadership practices adopted by healthcare organisations, which were felt to be essential for organisations to navigate the crisis successfully. Unique aspects of maintaining professionalism during each phase of the pandemic were identified and described.ConclusionsLeaders need a plan to support an organiation’s pursuit of professionalism during a crisis. Leaders participating in this study identified practices that should be carefully woven into efforts to support the ongoing safety and quality of the care delivered by healthcare organisations before, during and after a crisis. The lessons learnt from the COVID-19 pandemic may be useful during subsequent crises and challenges that a healthcare organisation might experience.
Periodontitis is associated to increased systemic inflammation in postmyocardial infarction patients
Authors: Lira-Junior Ronaldo , Boström Elisabeth Almer , Gustafsson Anders 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivePeriodontitis has been independently associated to cardiovascular disease. However, the biological mechanisms underlying such association are still partially unknown. Thus, this study aimed to discover immunological clues accounting for the increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in patients having periodontitis.MethodsWe included 100 patients with a first MI, 50 with and 50 without severe periodontitis, and 100 age-matched, sex-matched and area-matched controls from the Periodontitis and Its Relation to Coronary Artery Disease Study. Participants underwent comprehensive clinical and laboratory examinations 6–10 weeks after the MI and plasma expression of 92 inflammation-related markers was assessed through proximity extension assay.ResultsPatients who had an MI displayed altered expression of CCL19, TNFRSF9 and LAP TGF-β1 in comparison with controls. TNFRSF9 correlated significantly with the amount of alveolar bone loss. MI patients with deep periodontal pockets showed increased white cell count and higher expression of FGF-21, HGF, OSM, CCL20 and IL-18R1 than patients without. White cell count correlated significantly with four of these proteins.ConclusionsCollectively, our results indicate molecular markers that could be responsible for the increased systemic inflammatory activity in patients with MI with periodontitis.
Buprenorphine management in the perioperative period: educational review and recommendations from a multisociety expert panel
Authors: Kohan Lynn , Potru Sudheer , Barreveld Antje M , Sprintz Michael , Lane Olabisi , Aryal Anuj , Emerick Trent , Dopp Anna , Chhay Sophia , Viscusi Eugene 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundThe past two decades have witnessed an epidemic of opioid use disorder (OUD) in the USA, resulting in catastrophic loss of life secondary to opioid overdoses. Medication treatment of opioid use disorder (MOUD) is effective, yet barriers to care continue to result in a large proportion of untreated individuals. Optimal analgesia can be obtained in patients with MOUD within the perioperative period. Anesthesiologists and pain physicians can recommend and consider initiating MOUD in patients with suspected OUD at the point of care; this can serve as a bridge to comprehensive treatment and ultimately save lives.MethodsThe Board of Directors of the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, American Society of Anesthesiologists, American Academy of Pain Medicine, American Society of Addiction Medicine and American Society of Health System Pharmacists approved the creation of a Multisociety Working Group on Opioid Use Disorder, representing the fields of pain medicine, addiction, and pharmacy health sciences. An extensive literature search was performed by members of the working group. Multiple study types were included and reviewed for quality. A modified Delphi process was used to assess the literature and expert opinion for each topic, with 100% consensus being achieved on the statements and each recommendation. The consensus statements were then graded by the committee members using the United States Preventive Services Task Force grading of evidence guidelines. In addition to the consensus recommendations, a narrative overview of buprenorphine, including pharmacology and legal statutes, was performed.ResultsTwo core topics were identified for the development of recommendations with >75% consensus as the goal for consensus; however, the working group achieved 100% consensus on both topics. Specific topics included (1) providing recommendations to aid physicians in the management of patients receiving buprenorphine for MOUD in the perioperative setting and (2) providing recommendations to aid physicians in the initiation of buprenorphine in patients with suspected OUD in the perioperative setting.ConclusionsTo decrease the risk of OUD recurrence, buprenorphine should not be routinely discontinued in the perioperative setting. Buprenorphine can be initiated in untreated patients with OUD and acute pain in the perioperative setting to decrease the risk of opioid recurrence and death from overdose.
A STUDY ON THE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE ENDOTHELIN-1, NITRIC OXIDE FUNCTION AND THE RENAL HEMODYNAMICS IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSIVE DISORDERS IN PREGNANCY IN HUBEI
Authors: LI MINGQUN , GUO HONG YAN , XI HONG LI , ZHOU SU FEN 
Published: August 2021

Objective: To analyze the correlation between the vascular endothelial function (characterized by endothelin-1 and nitric oxide) and the renal hemodynamics in patients with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP) by color Doppler ultrasound. Method: Depending on the severity of the disease, 76 HDP patients were divided into three groups, namely, pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) group ([Formula: see text]), mild preeclampsia (PE) group ([Formula: see text]), and severe PE group ([Formula: see text]). In the meantime, 28 healthy pregnant women were selected as controls. Color Doppler ultrasound was performed to determine the following parameters in the interlobar arteries of the kidney: Resistance index (RI), peak end-diastolic velocity (EDV), pulsatility index (PI), peak systolic velocity (PSV), and S/D ratio. The correlations of these parameters with the serum levels of ET-1 and NO were then analyzed. Result: (1) In the interlobar arteries of the kidney, RI, S/D, PI were positively significantly correlated to the serum level of ET-1 in HDP patients (All [Formula: see text]) and negatively to the serum level of NO (All [Formula: see text]). (2) RI, S/D, PI of the mild and severe PE groups were significantly higher than those of the control group (All [Formula: see text]). However, EDV of the mild and severe PE groups was significantly lower than that of the control group (All [Formula: see text]). (3) The serum level of ET-1 was significantly higher in the HDP patients than in the control group ([Formula: see text]). However, the serum level of NO was significantly lower in the former than in the latter ([Formula: see text]). As HDP became more severe, there was an elevation in the serum level of ET-1 and a decrease in NO. Conclusion: Indicators of renal hemodynamics measured by color Doppler ultrasound were correlated to the serum levels of ET-1 and NO characterizing the vascular endothelial function. They were sensitive indicators reflecting hemodynamic changes and renal impairment in HDP patients.
Hyponatremia and Renal Venous Congestion in Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Caraba Alexandru , Iurciuc Stela , Munteanu Andreea , Iurciuc Mircea 
Published: August 2021

Objective. The interrelationship between the heart and kidneys has a great importance in the homeostasis of the cardiovascular system. Heart failure patients present intrarenal arterial hypoperfusion and intrarenal venous congestion due to reduced left ventricle ejection fraction, which triggers numerous neurohormonal factors. The aim of this study was to investigate intrarenal vascularization (arterial and venous), as well as the links between it and systemic congestion and, on the other side, with the mortality in patients with heart failure. Material and Methods. This cross-sectional study was performed on a group of 44 patients with heart failure in different stages of evolution and 44 healthy subjects, matched for age and gender, as controls. Serum natremia, NT-proBNP, and creatinine analyses were performed in all patients and controls. Renal and cardiac ultrasonography was done in all patients and controls, recording intrarenal arterial resistive index (RRI), intrarenal venous flow (IRVF) pattern, renal venous stasis index (RVSI), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Data are recorded and presented as

mean
±
standard

deviation

. Statistical analyses were performed using the Student

t

-test, ANOVA test, and the Pearson correlation. Differences were considered statistically significant at the value of

p
<
0.05

. Results. Hyponatremia was identified in 47.72% of the HF patients. This study revealed correlations between serum natremia and LVEF, NT-proBNP, serum creatinine, interlobar venous RVSI (

p
<
0.00001

), and interlobar artery RRI (

p
≤
0.002

). Hyponatremia and renal venous congestion represent negative prognostic factors in HF patients. Conclusion. In HF patients, hyponatremia was correlated with cardiac dysfunction and intrarenal venous congestion. Hyponatremia and renal venous congestion represented negative prognostic factors in HF patients.
Spatially Distinct Reprogramming of the Tumor Microenvironment Based On Tumor Invasion in Diffuse-Type Gastric Cancers
Authors: Jeong Hye Young , Ham In-Hye , Lee Sung Hak , Ryu Daeun , Son Sang-Yong , Han Sang-Uk , Kim Tae-Min , Hur Hoon 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurpose:Histologic features of diffuse-type gastric cancer indicate that the tumor microenvironment (TME) may substantially impact tumor invasiveness. However, cellular components and molecular features associated with cancer invasiveness in the TME of diffuse-type gastric cancers are poorly understood.Experimental Design:We performed single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) using tissue samples from superficial and deep invasive layers of cancerous and paired normal tissues freshly harvested from five patients with diffuse-type gastric cancer. The scRNA-seq results were validated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and duplex in situ hybridization (ISH) in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues.Results:Seven major cell types were identified. Fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and myeloid cells were categorized as being enriched in the deep layers. Cell type–specific clustering further revealed that the superficial-to-deep layer transition is associated with enrichment in inflammatory endothelial cells and fibroblasts with upregulated CCL2 transcripts. IHC and duplex ISH revealed the distribution of the major cell types and CCL2-expressing endothelial cells and fibroblasts, indicating tumor invasion. Elevation of CCL2 levels along the superficial-to-deep layer axis revealed the immunosuppressive immune cell subtypes that may contribute to tumor cell aggressiveness in the deep invasive layers of diffuse-type gastric cancer. The analyses of public datasets revealed the high-level coexpression of stromal cell–specific genes and that CCL2 correlated with poor survival outcomes in patients with gastric cancer.Conclusions:This study reveals the spatial reprogramming of the TME that may underlie invasive tumor potential in diffuse-type gastric cancer. This TME profiling across tumor layers suggests new targets, such as CCL2, that can modify the TME to inhibit tumor progression in diffuse-type gastric cancer.See related commentary by Huang and Brekken, p. 6284
Endothelial Hyaluronan Synthase 3 Augments Postischemic Arteriogenesis Through CD44/eNOS Signaling
Authors: Schneckmann Rebekka , Suvorava Tatsiana , Hundhausen Christian , Schuler Dominik , Lorenz Christin , Freudenberger Till , Kelm Malte , Fischer Jens W. , Flögel Ulrich , Grandoch Maria 
Published: August 2021

Objective:
The dominant driver of arteriogenesis is elevated shear stress sensed by the endothelial glycocalyx thereby promoting arterial outward remodeling. Hyaluronan, a critical component of the endothelial glycocalyx, is synthesized by 3 HAS isoenzymes (hyaluronan synthases 1-3) at the plasma membrane. Considering further the importance of HAS3 for smooth muscle cell and immune cell functions we aimed to evaluate its role in collateral artery growth.

Approach and Results:

Male
Has3
-deficient (
Has3
-KO) mice were subjected to hindlimb ischemia. Blood perfusion was monitored by laser Doppler perfusion imaging and endothelial function was assessed by measurement of flow-mediated dilation in vivo. Collateral remodeling was monitored by high resolution magnetic resonance angiography. A neutralizing antibody against CD44 (clone KM201) was injected intraperitoneally to analyze hyaluronan signaling in vivo. After hindlimb ischemia,
Has3
-KO mice showed a reduced arteriogenic response with decreased collateral remodeling and impaired perfusion recovery. While postischemic leukocyte infiltration was unaffected, a diminished flow-mediated dilation pointed towards an impaired endothelial cell function. Indeed, endothelial AKT (protein kinase B)-dependent eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) phosphorylation at Ser1177 was substantially reduced in
Has3
-KO thigh muscles. Endothelial-specific
Has3
-KO mice mimicked the hindlimb ischemia-induced phenotype of impaired perfusion recovery as observed in global
Has3
-deficiency. Mechanistically, blocking selectively the hyaluronan binding site of CD44 reduced flow-mediated dilation, thereby suggesting hyaluronan signaling through CD44 as the underlying signaling pathway.

Conclusions:
In summary, HAS3 contributes to arteriogenesis in hindlimb ischemia by hyaluronan/CD44-mediated stimulation of eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1177. Thus, strategies augmenting endothelial HAS3 or CD44 could be envisioned to enhance vascularization under pathological conditions.
Dach1 Extends Artery Networks and Protects Against Cardiac Injury
Authors: Raftrey Brian , Williams Ian M. , Rios Coronado Pamela E. , Fan Xiaochen , Chang Andrew H. , Zhao Mingming , Roth Robert , Trimm Emily , Racelis Raquel , D’Amato Gaetano , Phansalkar Ragini , Nguyen Alana , Chai Timothy , Gonzalez Karen M. , Zhang Yue , Ang Lay Teng , Loh Kyle M. , Bernstein Daniel , Red-Horse Kristy 
Published: August 2021

Rationale:

Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, but there are currently no methods to stimulate artery growth or regeneration in diseased hearts. Studying how arteries are built during development could illuminate strategies for re-building these vessels during ischemic heart disease. We previously found that
Dach1
deletion in mouse embryos resulted in small coronary arteries. However, it was not known whether
Dach1
gain-of-function would be sufficient to increase arterial vessels and whether this could benefit injury responses.

Objective:
We investigated how Dach1 overexpression in endothelial cells affected transcription and artery differentiation, and how it influenced recovery from myocardial infarction.

Methods and Results:

Dach1 was genetically overexpressed in coronary endothelial cells in either developing or adult hearts using
ApjCreER.
This increased the length and number of arterial end branches expanded arteries during development, in both the heart and retina, by inducing capillary endothelial cells to differentiate and contribute to growing arteries. Single-cell RNA sequencing of endothelial cells undergoing
Dach1
-induced arterial specification indicated that it potentiated normal artery differentiation, rather than functioning as a master regulator of artery cell fate. Single-cell RNA sequencing also showed that normal arterial differentiation is accompanied by repression of lipid metabolism genes, which were also repressed by Dach1. In adults,
Dach1
overexpression did not cause a statistically significant change artery structure before injury, but increased the number of perfused arteries in the injury zone post-myocardial infarction.

Conclusions:

Our data demonstrate that increasing
Dach1
is a novel method for driving artery specification and extending arterial branches, which could be explored as a means of mitigating the effects of coronary artery disease.
Saving for Multiple Financial Needs: Evidence from Lockboxes and Mobile Money in Malawi
Authors: Aggarwal Shilpa , Brailovskaya Valentina , Robinson Jonathan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We test whether the provision of multiple labeled savings accounts affects savings and downstream outcomes in an experiment with 761 microentrepreneurs in urban Malawi. Treatment respondents received one or multiple savings accounts, in the form of lockboxes or mobile money. We find that while providing additional boxes increased savings by 40%, technical issues marred the efficacy of a second mobile money account. Data from novel high-frequency surveys suggest that both types of accounts had impacts on downstream outcomes, including farming decisions and credit extended to customers. We do not detect differential downstream effects by the number or modality of accounts.
The Cost of Privacy: Welfare Effects of the Disclosure of COVID-19 Cases
Authors: Argente David , Hsieh Chang-Tai , Lee Munseob 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
South Korea publicly disclosed detailed location information of individuals who tested positive for COVID-19. We quantify the effect of public disclosure on the transmission of the virus and economic losses in Seoul. The change in commuting patterns due to public disclosure lowers the number of cases by 60,000 and the number of deaths by 2,000 in Seoul over two years. Compared to a city-wide lockdown that results in the same number of cases over two years as the disclosure scenario, the economic cost of such a lockdown is almost four times higher.
Exhibiting Faith against an Imperial Background: Angola and the Spiritans at the Vatican Missionary Exhibition (1925)
Authors: Amaral Ana Rita 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In 1925 the Vatican Missionary Exhibition took place, presenting thousands of objects sent by Catholic missions around the world. Resulting from substantial efforts by the Church, the exhibition had a significant public impact, with an estimated one million visitors. It marked a critical moment in the international affirmation of the Church, as well as the reformulation and expansion of its missionary policy in the aftermath of the Great War.
Catholic missions and congregations in the Portuguese colonial empire participated in the exhibition. This article focuses on the Angolan case, where the Congregation of the Holy Spirit was the main protagonist of Catholic missionisation. I examine the organisation process, the circulation of norms and objects across imperial borders, and their exhibition at the Vatican. I discuss the tensions between the pontifical message and Portuguese missionary politics, as well as the intermediary position that the Spiritans occupied.
What Is Religion in Africa? Relational Dynamics in an Entangled World
Authors: Meyer Birgit 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Addressing the implications of the introduction of the concept of religion to Africa in the colonial era, this essay approaches religion from a relational angle that takes into account the connections between Africa and Europe. Much can be learned about the complexity and power dynamics of these connections by studying religion not simply in but also from Africa. Referring to historical and current materials from my research in Ghana by way of example, my concern is to show how a focus on religion can serve as a productive entry point into the longstanding relational dynamics through which Africa and Europe are entangled. This is a necessary step in decolonizing scholarly knowledge production about religion in Africa, and in religious studies at large.
An Econometric Analysis of Maize Farmer’s Choice of Land Ownership Systems: Evidence Using Panel Data from Tanzania
Authors: Lasway Jovin A. , Selejio Onesmo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper determines the socioeconomic and physical characteristics that influence maize farmer’s choice of land ownership systems in Tanzania, i.e., owned, sharecropped, and rented title land. The paper uses the Tanzania National Panel Survey (TZNPS) data basing on 2,073 observations comprising of a sample size of 691 households in three consecutive waves 2008/2009, 2010/2011, and 2012/2013. Using a t-test for mean comparison, the paper found that there is a significant difference between male and female-headed households across socioeconomic and physical factors determining the choice of land ownership systems among maize smallholder farmers. Moreover, the paper findings revealed that 90 percent, 7 percent, and 3 percent of the sampled maize smallholder farmers chose to farm under-owned, shared, and rented title land system respectively. Furthermore, the econometric analysis which is grounded from the multinomial logit regression model showed that accessibility, farm size, quantity harvested, accessibility of extension services, gender, household size, and age are all pertinent in influencing the smallholder maize farmer’s choice of land ownership. The paper recommends that these characteristics of the smallholder maize producers should be critically considered when formulating any land and agricultural policies to enhance proper decision making by smallholder farmers on the choice of land ownership system that may led to sustainable agricultural production, productivity, and food security in developing countries particularly in Tanzania.
Multisensory Effects on Illusory Self-Motion (Vection): the Role of Visual, Auditory, and Tactile Cues
Authors: Murovec Brandy , Spaniol Julia , Campos Jennifer L. , Keshavarz Behrang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A critical component to many immersive experiences in virtual reality (VR) is vection, defined as the illusion of self-motion. Traditionally, vection has been described as a visual phenomenon, but more recent research suggests that vection can be influenced by a variety of senses. The goal of the present study was to investigate the role of multisensory cues on vection by manipulating the availability of visual, auditory, and tactile stimuli in a VR setting. To achieve this, 24 adults (Mage = 25.04) were presented with a rotating stimulus aimed to induce circular vection. All participants completed trials that included a single sensory cue, a combination of two cues, or all three cues presented together. The size of the field of view (FOV) was manipulated across four levels (no-visuals, small, medium, full). Participants rated vection intensity and duration verbally after each trial. Results showed that all three sensory cues induced vection when presented in isolation, with visual cues eliciting the highest intensity and longest duration. The presence of auditory and tactile cues further increased vection intensity and duration compared to conditions where these cues were not presented. These findings support the idea that vection can be induced via multiple types of sensory inputs and can be intensified when multiple sensory inputs are combined.