bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developmental Factors That Predict Head Movement During Resting-State fMRI in Preschool-Age Children
Authors: Johnson Chelsea A. , Garnett Emily O. , Chow Ho Ming , Spray Gregory J. , Zhu David C. , Chang Soo-Eun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Early childhood marks a period of dynamic neurocognitive development. The preschool age coincides with the onset of many childhood disorders and is a developmental period that is frequently studied to determine markers of neurodevelopmental disorders. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often used to explore typical brain development and the neural bases of neurodevelopmental disorders. One advantage of MRI is that it provides comprehensive imaging data with high spatial resolution that is not possible with “child-friendly” techniques such as electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). However, acquiring high-quality MRI data in young children is challenging. The enclosed space and loud sounds can trigger unease and cause excessive head movement. A better understanding of potential factors that predict successful MRI acquisition would increase chances of collecting useable data in children with and without neurodevelopmental disorders.Methods: We investigated whether age, sex, stuttering status, and childhood temperament as measured using the Child Behavioral Questionnaire, could predict movement extent during resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) in 76 children aged 3 to 7 years, including 42 children who stutter (CWS). Results: The CWS did not differ significantly from controls in temperament or head movement during scanning. Boys exhibited significantly more movement than girls, and younger age was a consistent predictor of increased movement, unless temperament was considered. Effortful control and negative affectivity significantly predicted movement especially in young boys. Conclusions: Considering temperament, age, and sex may help predict the success of acquiring useable rs-fMRI data in young children and inform future studies developing better desensitization techniques for pediatric MR neuroimaging.
Predictors of Long-term Prognosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis-related Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: chen juan , Chen Yaqiong , Liu Dehao , Lin Yihua , Zhu Lei , Song Shuli , Hu Yudi , Liang Tao , Liu Yongliang , Liu Wei , Lin Weng , Li Qiyuan , Ge Shengxiang , Ascherman Dana P. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective. To identify specific clinical and serum protein biomarkers that are associated with longitudinal outcome of RA-associated interstitial lung disease（RA-ILD).Methods. 60 RA patients with clinical and serological profiles were assessed by HRCT and pulmonary function tests (PFTs) at baseline (Year 0) and 5 years post enrollment (Year 5). Progression versus non-progression was defined based on the changes in Quantitative Modified HRCT scores and PFTs over time. Specific serum protein biomarkers were assessed in serum samples at baseline and Year 5 by Multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs).Results. Based on changes of Quantitative Modified HRCT scores, 32% of patients demonstrated progressive RA-ILD, 35% were stable, and 33% improved. Baseline age and rheumatoid factor (RF) were significantly different between RA-ILD outcomes of progression versus no-progression (p=0.002 and 0.027, respectively). In multivariate analyses, changes in the serum levels of CXCL11/I-TAC and MMP13 from Year 0 to Year 5 (log Year 5-log Year 0) also distinguished RA-ILD outcomes (p< 0.05). A final binary logistic regression model revealed that baseline age and changes of MMP13 were associated with RA-ILD progression (Yes vs. No) at Year 5 (p< 0.05). Receiver Operating Characteristics analysis indicated that these variables predicted progression with an AUC of 0.7569.Conclusion. While baseline age and RF predicted RA-ILD outcomes of progression versus no-progression, changed levels of CXCL11/I-TAC and MMP-13 over 5 years were also correlated with long-term prognosis of RA-ILD. In multivariate analyses, baseline age and changed levels of MMP-13 were associated with the risk of progression of RA-ILD.Trial registrationNo
Adult acetonemic vomiting complicated with low body weight in a subject with Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease: A case report
Authors: Tanaka Hitomi , Anno Takatoshi , Takenouchi Haruka , Kawasaki Fumiko , Kurokawa Katsumi , Okimoto Niro , Tomoda Koichi , Kaneto Hideaki 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPulmonary diseases often bring about a significant health issue and nutritional disorders. Weight loss and malnutrition are related to the severity of obstructive disorders. Therefore, such patients easily fall into lack of nutritional energy. Acetonemic vomiting is caused by acetonemic syndrome and recently it has been considered that acetonemic vomiting can occur at any age from infancy to adulthood. It is considered that acetonemic vomiting is likely brought about in subjects with low body weight, because stored carbohydrates in the body are reduced and fats are mainly utilized. As the results, large amounts of acetone are produced, which causes nausea and vomiting together with hypoglycemia.Case presentationA 79-year-old Japanese woman was brought to an emergency room with symptoms of nausea and vomiting. She was diagnosed as MAC pulmonary disease at the age of 52. Her height, body weight and body mass index (BMI) were 155.4 cm, 33.5 kg and 13.9 kg/m2, respectively. she had slight hypoglycemia and urinary ketone bodies. Surprisingly, she had been hospitalized four times within one year and her main complaint in every hospitalization were nausea and vomiting. Moreover, at every hospitalization, she had repeated slight hypoglycemia and urinary ketone bodies. Based on such findings, we finally diagnosed her as acetonemic vomiting complicated with low body weight. We started the education and diet therapy for her and after then she has not been hospitalized for one year.ConclusionsWe should bear in mind that the subjects with pulmonary diseases are often complicated with low body weight and thereby they could have acetonemic vomiting with slight hypoglycemia and ketosis. It is very important that such pulmonary diseases patients with low body weight and repeated nausea and/or vomiting get appropriate education and diet therapy, because their repeated symptoms can be mitigated by such therapy.
Experiences and Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Students and Academics in Health Care Education in Universiti Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Idris Fazean , Zulkipli Ihsan , Mumin Khadizah Abdul , Ahmad Rohaiza , Mitha Shahid , Rahman Hanif Abdul , Rajabalaya Rajan , David Sheba , Naing Lin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: In keeping with nation-wide efforts to contain the spread of COVID-19, Universiti Brunei Darussalam (UBD) made the move towards online teaching to ensure students continue to receive their education while minimizing the risks of exposure and community spread of COVID-19. We investigated teaching and learning experiences, physical and mental health of undergraduate students and academic staff during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on undergraduate students and academic staff in a health science faculty using a self-developed pretested questionnaire through anonymous online data collection method.Results: 56 academics (100% response rate) and 279 students (83.3% response rate) participated. The positive experiences as reported by students include: becoming independent (72.8%), adapting to online learning (67.4%) and sudden changes (62.0%), learning to manage scheduling (58.8%), and being self-motivated (57.7%); while academics’ positive experiences included new teaching techniques (50.0%), flexible schedules (50.0%), remote teaching (48.2%) and improved teaching tools (46.4%). Students reported negative experiences as being distracted at home (72.0%), feeling of uncertainty with regards to examinations (66.7%), and getting a slow response from lecturers (55.6%). With regards to health, both students and academics reported stress, anxiety, loneliness, back problems, and eye strain.Conclusion: In this challenging period towards an abrupt shift to online teaching, students and academic staff of UBD identified both positive and negative experiences including the impact on their physical and mental health. Our findings are important to provide the evidence for online pedagogical benefits and can serve to promote the enhancement and adaptation of digital technology in education. Our findings also aim to promote the importance of addressing physical and mental health issues of the university community’s well-being through provision of emotional and mental health support and appropriate programs.
Successful Treatment of Refractory Status Asthmaticus With Omalizumab.
Authors: Benes Jan , Skulec Roman , Jilek Dalibor , Fibigr Ondrej , Cerny Vladimir 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The presented case demonstrates the efficacy of omalizumab as a rescue therapy of refractory status asthmaticus associated with high IgE levels. Omalizumab should be considered in patients with status asthmaticus unresponsive to standard treatment.
The Microbiome Profile In Ulcerative Colitis And Pouchitis
Authors: Gao Xin , Huang Di , Yang Lisheng , He Anqi , Li Kaiyu , Liu Tong , Liu Gang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Both ulcerative colitis and pouchitis are associated with an imbalance in the intestinal microbiota, which may be related to the immune response. The objective was to determine the bacterial composition in pouchitis and ulcerative colitis in order to explore the underlying pathogenesis. Microbiome was profiled and evaluated by 16S ribosomal DNA gene sequencing in stool samples of 37 patients with ulcerative colitis, 15 patients with normal ulcerative colitis-pouch, 15 patients with ulcerative colitis-pouchitis and 18 healthy volunteers, PICRUSt and PICRUSt2 were performed to analyze the function of dominant bacteria. In our Chinese cohort, with aggravation of ulcerative colitis, intestinal microorganisms were characterized by a gradual decreased in diversity and numbers of butyrate-producing bacteria and Bacteroides. Besides, in addition to the decrease of probiotics, the bloom of Escherichia-Shigella and Ruminococcus_gnavus was observed in pouchitis which related to multiple infection pathways according to KEEG pathway analysis. Our results showed that pouchitis and ulcerative colitis differ in their intestinal microbial structures and metabolic pathways, but the reasons need to be further explored.
A Statistical Model To Evaluate Fiber Bending Flexibility
Authors: Jin Chao , Yu Hui , Yang Guanghui , Yang Yuliang , Zhang Hongdong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A statistical model, that is the Kratky-Porod (KP) chain model (Kratky and Porod 1949), was first introduced to the pulp and paper field in this paper. Based on this model, a new method for characterizing the bending flexibility of fibers was developed and the pulp demand of the thinnest sheet was evaluated. Firstly, for the three types of pulps, the experimental results were compared with the KP chain model, and the resulting determination coefficients were all above 0.95, which proved that the model was feasible to be applied to these three fibers. Then, the relation between fiber bending rigidity and that of cellulosic chains inside was discussed to deduce the fiber bending flexibility. The results that have certain statistically significant were in the range of 0.6×1011~3.5×1011 N-1m-2, which was comparable to that of other direct methods recorded. Finally, as an application of the model, the critical concentration of paper-forming was evaluated by the fiber dimension quantified in the KP chain model. At this concentration, fiber network in one layer represented the thinnest paper in theory. To form a paper sheet with the area of 1m2, the minimum pulp assumption was in the range of 0.06~0.44g in theory. In conclusion, the KP chain model can be well applicable to describe the morphological characteristics of plant fibers, which will have more potential applications in the pulp and paper field.
Dynamic Colonization of Gut Microbiota and Its Influencing Factors Among The Breast-Feeding Infants During The First Two Year of Life
Authors: Li Ping , Chang Xuelian , Chen Xiaoyu , Tang Tiantian , Liu Yajing , Shang Yu , Qi Kemin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Maturation of the infant gut microbiota has lifelong implications on health, which has been proposed as the major events during the first year of life. However, little was known about dynamic colonization of the gut microbiota and its influencing elements among the two-year infancy as well as into the adulthood.
Results

Based on the 16S rRNA sequencing data in the V3-V4 regions among 30 healthy mother-infant pairs with the normal range of the growth and development index from birth to two years old, the diversity of the gut microbiota was significantly increased from Six-month to Two-year subgroups. Furthermore, the dynamic colonization of gut microbiota was that the significant trends of Firmicutes (Faecalibacterium, Blautia, Enterococcus, Subdoligranulum, Agathobacter, Unidentified_Erysipelotrichaceae, Staphylococcus, Acinetobacillus, Unidentified_ Ruminococcaceae and Fusicatenibacter), Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia were increased, while Actinobacteria (Bifidobacterium) and Proteobacteria (Enterobacteriaceae and Klebsiella) were decreased with the increased age at the phylum and genus levels. These above results revealed that certain bacteria might modulate the host pathways, such as Chemoheterotrophy, Fermentation, Parasites_or _symbionts, Nitrate_reduction and Aerobic_chemoheterotrophy metabolism. Moreover, there were significant associations between maternal (gut microbiota in the milk, Pre-pregnancy BMI-M.BMI, BMI gain during the pregnancy-I.BMI) and infant characteristics (BMI at birth-B.BMI and increment of BMI-G.BMI), and the compositions of gut microbiota in the faeces, but not differences were shown between the different sex and mode of productive subgroups.
Conclusion

Overall, the gut microbial community was significantly matured into adulthood with the increased age subgroups. It also identified that there were significant correlations between the features of gut microbiota and maternal (gut microbiota in the milk, M.BMI and I.BMI) and infant characteristics (B.BMI and G.BMI), which will provide a new direction for the host-gut microbiota interplay during the two years of life.
A Low Aldosterone/Renin Ratio and High Soluble ACE2 Associate with COVID-19 Severity
Authors: Akin Sakir , Schriek Paula , Nieuwkoop Cees van , Neuman Rugina I. , Meynaar Iwan , Helden Erik J. van , Bouazzaoui Hassan El , Baak Remon , Veuger Marjan , Mairuhu Ronne A.T.A. , Berg Lettie van den , Driel Vincent van , Visser Loes E. , de Jonge Evert , Garrelds Ingrid M. , Duynstee Jan Friso A. B. , Rooden Jan Kees van , Ludikhuize Jeroen , Verdonk Koen , Caliskan Kadir , Jansen Tim , Schaik Ron H.N. van , Danser A.H. Jan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background The severity of COVID-19 after SARS-CoV-2 infection is unpredictable. Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) is the receptor responsible for coronavirus binding, while subsequent cell entry relies on priming by the serine protease TMPRSS2 (transmembrane protease, serine 2). Although renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system (RAAS) blockers have been suggested to upregulate ACE2, their use in COVID-19 patients is now considered safe. The aim of our study was to investigate parameters that determine COVID-19 severity, focusing on RAAS-components and variation in the genes encoding for ACE2 and TMPRSS2.MethodsAdult patients hospitalized due to SARS-CoV-2 infection between May 2020 and October 2020 in the Haga Teaching Hospital were included, and soluble ACE2 (sACE2), renin, aldosterone (in heparin plasma), and polymorphisms in the ACE2 and TMPRSS2 genes (in DNA obtained from EDTA blood) were determined. Measurements and main resultsOf the 188 patients that were included, 60 were defined as severe COVID-19 (ICU and/or death). These patients more often used antidiabetic drugs, were older, had higher renin and sACE2 levels, lower aldosterone levels, and a lower aldosterone/renin ratio. In addition, they displayed the TMPRSS2-rs2070788 AA genotype less frequently. No ACE2 polymorphism-related differences were observed. Multivariate regression analysis revealed independent significance for age, sACE2, the aldosterone/renin ratio, and the TMPRSS2 rs2070788 non-AA genotype as predictors of COVID-19 severity, together yielding a C-index of 0.79. Findings were independent of the use of RAAS blockers. Conclusion High sACE2, a low aldosterone/renin ration, and having the TMPRSS2 rs2070788 non-AA genotype are novel independent determinants that may help to predict COVID-19 disease severity. Trial registration: retrospectively registered
Benefits, Risks, and Cost-Effectiveness of Corona Self-Tests from a Consumer's Perspective
Authors: Gandjour Afschin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study is to quantify the health benefits, risks, and cost-effectiveness of corona self-tests from a consumer's perspective in Germany.Methods: The clinical endpoints considered in this analysis are avoided SARS-CoV-2 infections and secondary severe clinical events (death, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and long COVID syndrome). The study determines the number of self-tests that must be conducted under the current 7-day incidence rate (30 per 100,000) to prevent one infection or severe clinical event. The (testing) costs per avoided clinical event and quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained are calculated from a consumer perspective. In a sensitivity analysis, the number of unreported cases is calculated considering the infection fatality rate.Results: Disregarding the rate of unreported COVID-19 cases, 13,148 self-tests have to be conducted (over 36 years) in order to avoid one undesirable event (death, intensive care unit stay, or long COVID syndrome). Three quarters of infections are not avoided with direct contact persons but along the chain of infection. The costs per quality-adjusted life year gained from a consumer’s perspective are €22,715. Taking into account the number of unreported cases reduces the number of testing years to prevent one undesirable event to 28.Conclusions: The benefits and cost-effectiveness of self-testing in the general population at a 7-day incidence rate (30 per 100,000) appear to be no more than modest.
Substituent Effects on the σ···π Interactions Between Au6 Cluster and Substituted Benzene
Authors: Zhao Qiang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The σ···π interactions in the Au6···PhX (X=H, CH3, OH, OCH3, NH2, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO2) complexes are studied using quantum chemical methods. The present study focuses on the different effects of electron-donating and -withdrawing substituent. The structure and binding strength of the complexes are examined. The interactions between Au6 cluster and various substituted benzene become strengthened relative to the Au6···benzene complex. The interaction region indicator analysis was performed, and the interaction region and interaction between the substituent and Au6 cluster are discussed. It is found that the substituent effects on the σ···π interactions between Au6 cluster and substituted benzene are different from π···π interactions of benzene dimer. Energy decomposition analysis was carried out to study the nature of σ···π interactions, and the substituent effects are mainly reflected on the electrostatic interaction and dispersion.
A Low Computational Complexity DOA Estimation using Sum/difference Pattern based on DNN
Authors: Xu Saiqin , Chen Baixiao , Xiang Houhong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Tracking low-elevation targets over an uneven surface is challenging because of the complicated and volatile multipath signals. Multipath signals cause the amplitude and phase distortion of direct signal, which degrades the performance and generates mismatch between existing classical multipath signal and actual model. Machine learning-based methods are data-driven, they do not rely on prior assumptions about array geometries, and are expected to adapt better to array imperfections. The amplitude comparison Direction-of-Arrival (DOA) algorithm performs a few calculations, has a simple system structure, and is widely used. In this paper, an efficient DOA estimation approach based on Sum/Difference pattern is merged with deep neural network. Fully learn the potential features of the direct signal from the echo signal. In order to integrate more phase features, the covariance matrix is applied to the amplitude comparison algorithm, it can accommodate multiple snapshot signals instead of a single pulse automatically. The outputs of the deep neural network (DNN) are concatenated to reconstruct a covariance matrix for DOA estimation. Moreover, the superiority in computational complexity and generalization of proposed method are proved by simulation experiments compared with state-of-the-art physics-driven and data-driven methods. Field data sets acquired from a VHF array radar are carried out to verify the proposed method satisfies practicability in the severe multipath effect.
Incidence and Predictors of Loss to Follow-Up Among Pregnant and Lactating Mothers Living with HIV and Enrolled in HIV Care Clinic in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ayenew Asteray 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMother-to-Child Transmission of HIV accounts for more than 90% of all pediatric HIV infections. Ethiopia has recently adopted lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) for all HIV-positive pregnant and breastfeeding women (Option B+ strategy), regardless of CD4 count or clinical stage. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the pooled incidence and predictors of loss to follow-up among pregnant and lactating mothers living with HIV and enrolled in HIV care clinics in Ethiopia.MethodThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was followed. All observational published studies were retrieved using relevant search terms in PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Scopus, African Journals Online, CINHAL, and Ethiopian's university research repository online library. STATA 11 software was used to analyze the data. The Cochrane Q and I2 tests were used to assess the heterogeneity of studies. The pooled estimated prevalence and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were computed by a random-effects model.Result: The pooled magnitude of loss to follow-up among pregnant and lactating mothers living with HIV and enrolled in HIV care clinics in Ethiopia was 14.28% (95%CI: 10.12-18.44). Poor/fair antiretroviral treatment adherence (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.68; 95% CI: 2.89–4.69), who does not know their CD4 level (AOR = 3.68; 95% CI: 2.40–5.63), disclosure of HIV status to partner (AOR = 2.69; 95% CI: 2.08–3.48), experienced drug side effect (AOR =7.91; 95% CI: 2.94–21.33), residing in the rural area (AOR =2.66; 95% CI: 2.34–3.03), and no education (AOR =4.28; 95% CI: 3.62–5.00) were the significant predictors of loss to follow up.ConclusionThe magnitude of loss to follow-up among pregnant and lactating mothers was high in Ethiopia. Thus, counseling, strengthening the linkage and referral system, establishing appropriate tracing mechanisms, and determining CD4 level is crucial to decrease loss to follow-up among pregnant and lactating mothers living with HIV.