bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Childlessness, geographical proximity and non-family support in 12 European countries
Authors: Fihel Agnieszka , Kalbarczyk Małgorzata , Nicińska Anna 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe number of relatives and geographical proximity between them affects informal support provided to older persons. In this study, we investigate whether (a) childless persons and parents living remotely from their adult children experience similar shortages in informal support, and (b) whether neighbours, friends and other non-family helpers compensate for these shortages. On the basis of Survey on Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) data for 12 European countries, we estimate the probability and amount of informal non-financial support received by persons aged 65 and over who remain childless or live at different distances to their children. The contribution of non-family individuals is rather complementary to the help from family. Parents residing in the proximity of their children rely almost exclusively on family; as the geographical distance between adult children and older parents increases, the probability and amount of non-family support increase as well. But childless individuals differ from parents of remotely living children: the former rely on smaller support networks and resort more often to other relatives than the latter. Non-family individuals compensate for the scarcity of informal support only in the case of parents of distant children, but not in the case of childless individuals.
Exploring ageing and time as resources in men's mental health experiences
Authors: Roger Kerstin , Herron Rachel , Ahmadu Mairo , Allan Jonathan A. , Waddell Candice M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWhile research on men's mental health is increasing, it has not typically focused on the intersections between ageing, masculinity and mental health in a rural context. Given the significant increase not only in our global ageing population, but also our growing awareness of mental health problems in the general population, understanding men as they grow older in relation to mental health is a notable gap in research. In this paper, the authors explore the ageing experiences of male participants over 50 with self-identified mental health problems in rural Manitoba. We draw on semi-structured qualitative interviews from a larger project which focused on the diversity of rural men's perceptions, experiences and expressions of mental health and wellness. Specifically, we explore how these men reflect on their mental health and wellness. Participants in the study described their experiences as a cumulative process of making meaning, developing strategies, resources and a more positive sense of self – but sometimes also simply for survival. Men's sense of time over time – looking back and reflecting on the present and the future – appears to be a critical resource and a positive coping strategy for these men associated with ageing. The main themes include sustaining relationships; work, retirement and volunteering; and reflections on physical and emotional health. Our paper concludes with a discussion of the implications for new research on ageing men's mental health in a rural context.
The half life of economic injustice
Authors: Miles David 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper addresses a question which is fundamental to the perceived legitimacy of the distribution of resources today: to what extent does unfairness in how assets came to be acquired in the past affect incomes and wealth now? To answer that question requires two things: first, a principle to determine what is, and what is not, a just acquisition of wealth or a just source of income; second, a means of using that principle to estimate what fraction of wealth and income is now unjust. I use a principle put forward by Robert Nozick to provide the first of these things and then use a model of wealth accumulation and economic growth to illustrate its implications for the scale of unfairness today. The greater is depreciation of assets, the higher are saving rates out of labour income and the less important is human capital the more transient are the effects of past economic injustices. I use data on the perceived unfairness of economic outcomes to see if there is any evidence that those features which the model implies should influence the durability of injustice help explain cross-country differences in attitudes towards unfairness.
The role of prosodic and visual information in disambiguating wh-indeterminates: The case of Korean three-year-olds
Authors: CHO Hye-Jung , KIAER Jieun , CHOI Naya , SONG Jieun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn Korean language, questions containing ambiguous wh-words may be interpreted as either wh-questions or yes-no questions. This study investigated 43 Korean three-year-olds’ ability to disambiguate eight indeterminate questions using prosodic and visual cues. The intonation of each question provided a cue as to whether it should be interpreted as a wh-question or a yes-no question. The questions were presented alongside picture stimuli, which acted as either a matched (presentation of corresponding auditory-visual stimuli) or a mismatched contextual cue (presentation conflicting auditory-visual stimuli). Like adults, the children preferred to comprehend questions involving ambiguous wh-words as wh-questions, rather than yes-no questions. In addition, children were as effective as adults in disambiguating indeterminate questions using prosodic cues regardless of the visual cue. However, when confronted with conflicting auditory-visual stimuli (mismatched), the quality of children's responses was less accurate than adults’ responses.
The ‘oldest dated document of the Cairo Genizah’ (Halper 331): The Seleucid era and sectarian Jewish calendars
Authors: KRAKOWSKI EVE , STERN SACHA 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHalper 331 is the fragment of a codex that has been styled the ‘oldest dated document of the Cairo Genizah’. It preserves the opening of a Jewish legal document dated to the year 1182 (Seleucid era), which appears to have been copied into this codex, probably as a formulary, not long after this date, in the late 9th century. In this article, the text of this fragment, in Aramaic and Hebrew, is edited, and its identification as the beginning of a marriage contract (ketubbah) is evaluated. Its Egyptian provenance is questioned, partly because the earliest evidence for the introduction of the Seleucid era by Jews in Egypt dates from the mid-10th century. The article surveys the history of Jewish dating methods in early medieval Egypt and the Near East, in an attempt to clarify this question. The specific date of the document deviates from the rabbinic calendar, but agrees with that of the contemporary Jewish Near Eastern sectarian groups of Abū ʿImrān al-Tiflīsī and Ismāʿīl al-ʿUkbarī; this document could thus uniquely attest one of these sectarian Jewish calendars.
Psychiatrische Intensivbetreuung
Authors: Rabenschlag Franziska , Schürmann Jan , Trachsel Manuel 
Published: March 2021

Was ist zu diesem Thema bereits bekannt? Um mit Menschen in Krisensituationen in Beziehung zu treten und um sie selber oder andere vor Gefährdung zu schützen, werden im stationären Setting Einzelbetreuungen angeboten und empfohlen: die psychiatrische Intensivbetreuung. Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht? Unmittelbare Begegnung ohne Zweck, Mitgefühl, Zuhören und Da-Sein sind wirkungsvolle Mittel und sollen bewusst eingesetzt werden. Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis? Interaktionen, Beziehungsaufbau und „Da-Sein“ kann eine Herausforderung sein und neben spezifischen Methoden als weniger zielgerichtet scheinen. Deshalb sind im Rahmen psychiatrischer Intensivbetreuung Weiterbildung und Supervision wichtig.
Wildfire Smoke Particulate Matter Concentration Measurements Using Radio Links From Cellular Communication Networks
Authors: Guyot Adrien , Pudashine Jayaram , Uijlenhoet Remko , Protat Alain , Pauwels Valentijn R. N. , Louf Valentin , Walker Jeffrey P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe monitoring of wildfire smoke is important to help mitigate impacts on people such as by sending early warnings to affected areas. Received signal levels (RSLs) from radio links have been used as an opportunistic way to accurately measure rainfall and humidity. Radio links provide integrated measurements along their paths and are an exceptional untapped resource to complement air quality stations in areas affected by smoke events, or in developing countries without air quality monitoring capability. This study analyzed radio link signal fluctuations during smoke events associated with the 2019–2020 Australian wildfires. Concurrently, the atmospheric boundary layer was characterized using atmospheric soundings and surface observations, as well as air quality proxies such as particulate matter concentrations less than 2.5 μm (10 μm), or PM2.5(PM10). Observations showed that dry air containing large amounts of smoke within a surface layer above the ground acted as a lid, reducing dispersion, trapping and maintaining high ground‐level concentrations of smoke. These conditions also created anomalous propagation conditions for radio links and operational weather radars. Power‐law relations between signal fluctuations and PM10and PM2.5were derived based on the link data collected and the closest air quality station observations. While there was variability in retrieval performance across smoke events, the best performance determination coefficients exceeded 0.5, with an RMSE on the order of less than 50 μg m−3for concentrations of more than 400 μg m−3. Mid‐range link lengths (5–20 km) provided the best results.
Confronting Racism to Advance Our Science
Authors: Zeitler Peter , Barros Ana P. , Becker Thorsten W. , Davidson Eric A. , Ehlmann Bethany L. , Gruber Nicolas , Hofmann Eileen E. , Hudson Mary K. , Illangasekare Tissa H. , Kang Sarah M. , Malanotte‐Rizzoli Paola , Moerchen Margaret , Nimmo Francis , Parsons Tom , Salters Vincent J. M. , Stevens Bjorn , Trumbore Susan , Wuebbles Donald J. , Zhu Tong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAs individuals serving on the AGU Advances editorial board, we condemn racism, affirm that Black Lives Matter, and recognize that inequality is built into the systems that have allowed us to prosper. We aim to persistently foster discussion about racism, inequity, and the need to make our community more diverse and inclusive. This will help AGU Advances do a better job in publishing important science that inclusively reflects the ideas and contributions of all in our community.
Counteracting Systemic Bias in the Lab, Field, and Classroom
Authors: Cooperdock Emily H. G. , Chen Christine Y. , Guevara Victor E. , Metcalf James R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGrappling with systemic discrimination and bias in geosciences can be overwhelming to the point that one may feel powerless to fix them. Despite the sweeping nature of this challenge, faculty, principal investigators, and other scientists with leadership roles have unparalleled power to mitigate harm in environments they oversee. Here, we identify ways that scientists in these roles can immediately address bias in three common spaces—the lab, field, and classroom. We highlight key actions that can be taken to improve the quality of life of marginalized students and other trainees quickly, while important but comparatively slow institutional changes proceed.
Combating Racism in the Geosciences: Reflections From a Black Professor
Authors: Morris Vernon R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRacism is part of my lived experience as a Black person in America. Similarly, microaggressions and systemic racism form part of the common experience for BIPOC+ Geoscientists. This commentary is not intended to be fodder for the oppression‐porn industry that stokes the passions of the “recently woke.” I speak with a unique perspective on the geoscience community and provide concrete recommendations for systemic change. It is time that we faced the realities of structural racism and invested in the real work necessary to make the geosciences diverse, equitable, and inclusive. Geoscientists need the entire community to work together to become anti‐racist.
Observational Evidence of Increasing Global Radiative Forcing
Authors: Kramer Ryan J. , He Haozhe , Soden Brian J. , Oreopoulos Lazaros , Myhre Gunnar , Forster Piers M. , Smith Christopher J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractChanges in atmospheric composition, such as increasing greenhouse gases, cause an initial radiative imbalance to the climate system, quantified as the instantaneous radiative forcing. This fundamental metric has not been directly observed globally and previous estimates have come from models. In part, this is because current space‐based instruments cannot distinguish the instantaneous radiative forcing from the climate’s radiative response. We apply radiative kernels to satellite observations to disentangle these components and find all‐sky instantaneous radiative forcing has increased 0.53 ± 0.11 W/m2 from 2003 to 2018, accounting for positive trends in the total planetary radiative imbalance. This increase has been due to a combination of rising concentrations of well‐mixed greenhouse gases and recent reductions in aerosol emissions. These results highlight distinct fingerprints of anthropogenic activity in Earth’s changing energy budget, which we find observations can detect within 4 years.
Spin-decoupled metasurface for simultaneous detection of spin and orbital angular momenta via momentum transformation
Authors: Guo Yinghui , Zhang Shicong , Pu Mingbo , He Qiong , Jin Jinjin , Xu Mingfeng , Zhang Yaxin , Gao Ping , Luo Xiangang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWith inherent orthogonality, both the spin angular momentum (SAM) and orbital angular momentum (OAM) of photons have been utilized to expand the dimensions of quantum information, optical communications, and information processing, wherein simultaneous detection of SAMs and OAMs with a single element and a single-shot measurement is highly anticipated. Here, a single azimuthal-quadratic phase metasurface-based photonic momentum transformation (PMT) is illustrated and utilized for vortex recognition. Since different vortices are converted into focusing patterns with distinct azimuthal coordinates on a transverse plane through PMT, OAMs within a large mode space can be determined through a single-shot measurement. Moreover, spin-controlled dual-functional PMTs are proposed for simultaneous SAM and OAM sorting, which is implemented by a single spin-decoupled metasurface that merges both the geometric phase and dynamic phase. Interestingly, our proposed method can detect vectorial vortices with both phase and polarization singularities, as well as superimposed vortices with a certain interval step. Experimental results obtained at several wavelengths in the visible band exhibit good agreement with the numerical modeling. With the merits of ultracompact device size, simple optical configuration, and prominent vortex recognition ability, our approach may underpin the development of integrated and high-dimensional optical and quantum systems.
Cardiomyocyte electrical-mechanical synchronized model for high-content, dose-quantitative and time-dependent drug assessment
Authors: Fang Jiaru , Wei Xinwei , Li Hongbo , Hu Ning , Liu Xingxing , Xu Dongxin , Zhang Tao , Wan Hao , Wang Ping , Xie Xi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCardiovascular diseases have emerged as a significant threat to human health. However, drug development is a time-consuming and costly process, and few drugs pass the preclinical assessment of safety and efficacy. The existing patch-clamp, Ca2+ imaging, and microelectrode array technologies in cardiomyocyte models for drug preclinical screening have suffered from issues of low throughput, limited long-term assessment, or inability to synchronously and correlatively analyze electrical and mechanical signals. Here, we develop a high-content, dose-quantitative and time-dependent drug assessment platform based on an electrical-mechanical synchronized (EMS) biosensing system. This microfabricated EMS can record both firing potential (FP) and mechanical beating (MB) signals from cardiomyocytes and extract a variety of characteristic parameters from these two signals (FP–MB) for further analysis. This system was applied to test typical ion channel drugs (lidocaine and isradipine), and the dynamic responses of cardiomyocytes to the tested drugs were recorded and analyzed. The high-throughput characteristics of the system can facilitate simultaneous experiments on a large number of samples. Furthermore, a database of various cardiac drugs can be established by heat map analysis for rapid and effective screening of drugs. The EMS biosensing system is highly promising as a powerful tool for the preclinical development of new medicines.
Gray matter networks associated with attention and working memory deficit in ADHD across adolescence and adulthood
Authors: Duan Kuaikuai , Jiang Wenhao , Rootes-Murdy Kelly , Schoenmacker Gido H. , Arias-Vasquez Alejandro , Buitelaar Jan K. , Hoogman Martine , Oosterlaan Jaap , Hoekstra Pieter J. , Heslenfeld Dirk J. , Hartman Catharina A. , Calhoun Vince D. , Turner Jessica A. , Liu Jingyu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood-onset neuropsychiatric disorder and may persist into adulthood. Working memory and attention deficits have been reported to persist from childhood to adulthood. How neuronal underpinnings of deficits differ across adolescence and adulthood is not clear. In this study, we investigated gray matter of two cohorts, 486 adults and 508 adolescents, each including participants from ADHD and healthy controls families. Two cohorts both presented significant attention and working memory deficits in individuals with ADHD. Independent component analysis was applied to the gray matter of each cohort, separately, to extract cohort-inherent networks. Then, we identified gray matter networks associated with inattention or working memory in each cohort, and projected them onto the other cohort for comparison. Two components in the inferior, middle/superior frontal regions identified in adults and one component in the insula and inferior frontal region identified in adolescents were significantly associated with working memory in both cohorts. One component in bilateral cerebellar tonsil and culmen identified in adults and one component in left cerebellar region identified in adolescents were significantly associated with inattention in both cohorts. All these components presented a significant or nominal level of gray matter reduction for ADHD participants in adolescents, but only one showed nominal reduction in adults. Our findings suggest although the gray matter reduction of these regions may not be indicative of persistency of ADHD, their persistent associations with inattention or working memory indicate an important role of these regions in the mechanism of persistence or remission of the disorder.
COVID-19 and cancer registries: learning from the first peak of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
Authors: Lee Alvin J. X. , Purshouse Karin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe SARS-Cov-2 pandemic in 2020 has caused oncology teams around the world to adapt their practice in the aim of protecting patients. Early evidence from China indicated that patients with cancer, and particularly those who had recently received chemotherapy or surgery, were at increased risk of adverse outcomes following SARS-Cov-2 infection. Many registries of cancer patients infected with SARS-Cov-2 emerged during the first wave. We collate the evidence from these national and international studies and focus on the risk factors for patients with solid cancers and the contribution of systemic anti-cancer treatments (SACT—chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted and hormone therapy) to outcomes following SARS-Cov-2 infection. Patients with cancer infected with SARS-Cov-2 have a higher probability of death compared with patients without cancer. Common risk factors for mortality following COVID-19 include age, male sex, smoking history, number of comorbidities and poor performance status. Oncological features that may predict for worse outcomes include tumour stage, disease trajectory and lung cancer. Most studies did not identify an association between SACT and adverse outcomes. Recent data suggest that the timing of receipt of SACT may be associated with risk of mortality. Ongoing recruitment to these registries will enable us to provide evidence-based care.
FBXO6-mediated RNASET2 ubiquitination and degradation governs the development of ovarian cancer
Authors: Ji Mei , Zhao Zhao , Li Yue , Xu Penglin , Shi Jia , Li Zhe , Wang Kaige , Huang Xiaotian , Liu Bin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRNASET2 (Ribonuclease T2) functions as a tumor suppressor in preventing ovarian tumorigenesis. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of RNASET2 protein are completely unknown. Here we identified the F-box protein FBXO6, a substrate recognition subunit of an SCF (Skp1-Cul1-F-box protein) complex, as the ubiquitin E3 ligase for RNASET2. We found that the interaction between FBXO6 and RNASET2 induced RNASET2 instability through the ubiquitin-mediated proteasome degradation pathway. FBXO6 promoted K48-dependent ubiquitination of RNASET2 via its FBA domain. Through analysis of the TCGA dataset, we found that FBXO6 was significantly increased in ovarian cancer tissues and the high expression of FBXO6 was related to the poor overall survival (OS) of ovarian cancer patients at advanced stages. An inverse correlation between the protein levels of FBXO6 and RNASET2 was observed in clinic ovarian cancer samples. Depletion of FBXO6 promoted ovarian cancer cells proliferation, migration, and invasion, which could be partially reversed by RNASET2 silencing. Thus, our data revealed a novel FBXO6-RNASET2 axis, which might contribute to the development of ovarian cancer. We propose that inhibition of FBXO6 might represent an effective therapeutic strategy for ovarian cancer treatment.
A novel lncRNA TCLlnc1 promotes peripheral T cell lymphoma progression through acting as a modular scaffold of HNRNPD and YBX1 complexes
Authors: Zhao Ping , Ji Meng-Meng , Fang Ying , Li Xiao , Yi Hong-Mei , Yan Zi-Xun , Cheng Shu , Xu Peng-Peng , Janin Anne , Wang Chao-Fu , Wang Li , Zhao Wei-Li 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an essential role in tumor progression. Few researches focused on the clinical and biological relevance of lncRNAs in peripheral T cell lymphoma (PTCL). In this research, a novel lncRNA (ENST00000503502) was identified overexpressed in the main subtypes of PTCL, and designated as T cell lymphoma-associated lncRNA1 (TCLlnc1). Serum TCLlnc1 was associated with extranodal involvement, high-risk International Prognostic Index, and poor prognosis of the patients. Both in vitro and in vivo, overexpression of TCLlnc1 promoted T-lymphoma cell proliferation and migration, both of which were counteracted by the knockdown of TCLlnc1 using small interfering RNAs. As the mechanism of action, TCLlnc1 directly interacted with transcription activator heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D (HNRNPD) and Y-box binding protein-1 (YBX1) by acting as a modular scaffold. TCLlnc1/HNRNPD/YBX1 complex upregulated transcription of TGFB2 and TGFBR1 genes, activated the tumor growth factor-β signaling pathway, resulting in lymphoma progression, and might be a potential target in PTCL.