bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health Perception System Design Based on Sensor Internet of Things for Transmission Tower’s Structure Status
Authors: Ling Qi , Hu Bo , Shen Xiang , Liao Hailin , Ni Hongyu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
By using Internet of Things smart terminal equipment based on low-power wireless sensing technology, integrated hybrid measurement technology and edge computing technology, this article designs a sensory perceptual system for structural health monitoring of transmission tower. This system have advantages over online monitoring, data fusion and unified transmission of status information related to tower inclination, structural stress, on-site images, status of lines and environmental meteorology, providing a practical and advanced solution for the informatization and intelligence of safe operation of the transmission tower, which can substantially improve the effectiveness and timeliness of patrol and protection, key positioning and early warning of hidden dangers of the transmission tower.
Nonlinear Dynamic Behaviors of the Arc Tooth Connected Rotor under Different Loads
Authors: Wang Longkai , Huang Qike , Wang Ailun , Yin Yijun , Heng Xing 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Due to the wear of wheels during operation, the unbalance is induced. To study the nonlinear vibration of the arc tooth connected rotor under different loads, the motion equation was built based on Lagrange equation, considering contact property of the arc tooth and the oil-film force. From the GW rough surface model, the interface contact stiffness for the arc end-tooth was calculated. The eventual contact force was simulated by a nonlinear spring. Rich nonlinear dynamic phenomena, such as periodic doubling bifurcation phenomenon, multiperiodic motion, quasi periodic motion, oil whirl, etc., were observed. The results show distinct phenomena caused by the load variations. To reduce the nonsynchronous vibration, the relative phase is suggested to be kept at 120°.
Modeling of Stress Distribution During Portland Cement Curing in Temperature Gradient Conditions
Authors: Gnyrya Aleksei , Abzaev Yurii , Korobkov Sergei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the two-dimensional model of Portland cement curing based on the finite element method. The cement curing lasts for 2 days in the temperature gradient conditions ranging from 65 to −20 °C. A cement rod 7×70 cm in size was used for modeling the von Mises stress distribution. It is shown that in the temperature gradient conditions, the stress maximum in curing Portland cement shifts toward the hot edge of the cement rod and exceeds the minimum stress level more than two times. The stress growth at the interfaces between the concrete timber and the cement rod exceeds the stress maximum inside the latter. This stress distribution is connected with the heat flow generation and superposition of direct and reverse heat flows. Superposition of the negative heat flows generates the stresses at the interfaces, which are higher than those generated by the positive heat flows. The concrete timber and the interface fixation are the additional factors that increase the stress level at the interfaces and promote the cement fracture.
Prospects of flexible employment using in the Arctic zone, based on the experience of Saint-Petersburg’s enterprises
Authors: Razumov Alexander , Tsygankova Inga , Ivanova Natalia , Vakhitova Lidiya 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article confirms the importance of the Arctic region for the economic development of Russia. The main problems, existing on the labour market of the Arctic zone (shortage of personnel, workforce demand and supply imbalance), are formulated. The authors investigated the forms and models of flexible employment and identified the features of their using at Russian enterprises. The main results of the conducted by the authors in November-December 2019 research on the work flexible forms using at enterprises of St. Petersburg are presented. They belong to high-tech sectors of the economy, namely: the development of Russian software, design and scientific developments in the field of shipbuilding and air traffic control. The performed data indicate, that the employees of the examined enterprises, especially young ones, successfully use such forms of employment as work with flexible start and end of the working day, flexible part-time employment and distance work. The advantages of work flexible forms using for young people are revealed. Among them: the ability to combine work and training, having a stable source of income; obtaining practical skills at the stage of education in an educational institution; successful formation of professional competencies, required for a work in a certain position. Based on the experience of these enterprises, the expediency of employment flexible forms using for young people in the Arctic zone of Russia is proved, the main purpose of which is reducing the shortage of personnel and labour resources imbalance.
The economic basis for the preservation of the traditional economy and the original culture of the indigenous peoples of the North
Authors: Larchenko L V , Paranina A N , Churilina I N , Anisimov T U 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article reveals the current problems of the development of the indigenous peoples of the North. The problems are especially acute in places of intensive development of oil and gas resources of the Arctic zone of Russia. To preserve the indigenous peoples of the North, as an ethnic group, a prerequisite is the sustainable development of traditional industries in their traditional places of residence. The article proposes a differentiated approach to the formation of the most gentle mechanisms for preserving the traditional economy and the original culture of the indigenous peoples of the North in places of development of natural resources. For a population that has not lost its distinctive features in the economic structure and worldview, and does not want to change anything in its lifestyle, it would seem that the idea of creating ethnoparks would be suitable. The second, the main part of the population employed in the traditional economy, will live and work on the territories of patrimonial and communal lands. To enter the market (or coexist alongside it), it is necessary to develop efforts in two directions. The first is marketing, which includes the entire arsenal of tools necessary to identify, create, promote a northern product or service on the market. The second direction is production, containing the organization of production or services. In the production area, in this case, the role of factorories is obvious. For the third part of the ethnos not employed in the traditional economy, such activities are necessary that would be associated with the traditional economy, being its continuation, and thereby do not destroy the unity of the ethnos.
Restructuring of the economy of resource-extracting regions of the Russian North and the Arctic as a necessary condition for sustainable territorial development
Authors: Larchenko L V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The practice of developing foreign and Russian extractive northern and Arctic territories shows that many problems are based on the narrow-raw nature of the economy. A study of the dynamics of the sectoral structure of the oil and gas producing regions of the Russian North and the Arctic showed that the mono-industry orientation of the economy is growing, which makes the economic situation largely unpredictable and fraught with crisis phenomena. The article shows that already at an early stage of production it is necessary not only to predict, but also to take practical actions to solve the problem of the development of the territory. The authors proposed the main directions for the transition of the mining region from narrow-source specialization to diversified economy, including approaches to partial diversification and restructuring of the regional economy, the implementation of which will create the necessary prerequisites for sustainable integrated development of the region in the long term, including the time when raw materials will be exhausted . Diversification of raw materials industries is, first of all, expanding the sphere of activity in the extractive sector by creating deep processing industries for raw materials, as well as serving and auxiliary ones. Diversification should affect not only the raw materials industries, whose products are in demand on world markets, but also less profitable, but having a development base in the conditions of the raw materials orientation of the region. Restructuring of the region’s economy implies the emergence of new areas of specialization within the existing resource base, the development of high-tech and high-tech production, and the expansion of the service sector, including tourism, transport, computer science, communications.
Live, work or leave? Arctic youth survey results
Authors: Pitukhina Maria , Tolstoguzov Oleg , Ilyin Alexander 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article deals with arctic youth survey results analysis within the framework of international Russian-Finnish project “Live, Work or Leave! Youth – wellbeing and the viablity of (post) extractive Arctic industrial cities in Finland and Russia” focusing on youth well-being in the Arctic industrial cities. Sociological survey results of youth living in 3 Russian Arctic regions of the Russian Federation (Murmanskaya oblast, Yamalo-nenetsky autonomous district, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)) made it possible to assess the attractiveness of various industrial cities in the Arctic as places to live and work. There were 600 respondents aged from 14 to 30 years. The survey results have showed both arctic youth migratory trends as well as level of their happiness and well-being. Arctic youth survey results explore a number of positive perspectives - pursuit of happiness and opportunity, as today’s youth wants to get out of constant mode of survival. The survey results has showed that despite socio-economic difficulties faced by young people, the feeling of happiness is still common for all of them.
Ensuring Environmental Control During Soapstock Processing In The Arctic Climate
Authors: Marchenko Lyudmila , Shperber Elizar , Bokovikova Tatyana , Shperber David 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article is a comprehensive analysis of the Arctic legislation of the Russian Federation in the context of the implementation of the main geopolitical and socio-economic interests of the country in the Arctic region. The relevance of the presented research is determined by the need for further development of international legal norms regulating various aspects of the development of the Arctic region, as well as domestic legislation that defines Russia’s strategic interests in the Arctic zone and the competence of state authorities in the implementation of these interests, taking into account the basic principles and provisions of international public and private law and the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
Revision of the characteristics of oil spill response technologies for the Arctic seas
Authors: Moninets Sergey 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article attempts to re-evaluate the accepted methods for determining readiness in the event of an oil spill in the Arctic seas. The emphasis is on the need to take into account the natural processes of interaction between ice and oil in different seasons. The importance of testing technologies for oil harvesting in the conditions of its interaction with ice is proved. The article analyses the foreign experience of testing oil-recovery systems in order to determine their performance and efficiency. The author substantiates the claim that the existing test methods do not fully allow evaluating the efficiency of oil collection systems in ice conditions. The author gives a brief description of the methodology developed by him for testing oil-gathering equipment and the first results of its application at a specially created testing site. The conclusion of the article is that we need to change the approach to calculating the performance of oil recovery systems. Also, is necessary to continue the research of oil behaviour and response method implementation in the freezing seas conditions.
Can the Arctic be saved for the next generations? Study of examples and internships in Murmansk District
Authors: Huber Miłosz , Iakovleva Olga , Zhigunova Galina , Menshakova Marija , Gainanova Ramziya 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This text highlights the environmental aspects of the Arctic in the Murmansk District. Its geographical, natural, geological, and historical characteristics are presented. Examples of environmental protection facilities have been shown and aspects of their features that make the region attractive for tourists have been indicated. Proposals for the development of tourist infrastructure were shown, models for the development of the cultural and industrial landscape of cities were proposed, as well as the exhibition of natural and post-industrial heritage in the context of the possibility of its protection and exhibition for visitors. The influence of social awareness of inhabitants and the role of their quality of life in the context of the possibility of effective nature protection was indicated. Examples are also shown that allow for the sustainable development of these areas also through the diversification of income with the participation of the tourism industry, economic recovery of post-industrial areas, and the possibility of further protection of the Arctic for future generations.
Gas and water content’s monitoring of crude oil in pipeline during production in Arctic shelf
Authors: Voytyuk Irina 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The gradual depletion of onshore oil and gas fields and the aggravation of the global energy crisis lead to intensive development of oil and gas resources on the continental shelf, in particular, the Arctic shelf. When monitoring of oil production from wells in the conditions of Arctic shelf, it is necessary to measure free gas concentration and water content in oil-gas-water mixture in a pipeline. The paper discloses a method for non-contact monitoring of gas concentration and the water cut of products of oil wells in a pipeline, as well as presents the results of industrial studies of the interaction between gamma radiation and a flow of oil-gas-water mixture. Conclusions are formulated about the advantages of using and the feasibility of using this method for measuring the concentration of free gas and the water content in the oil-gas-water mixture during oil production.
Study of frequency dispersion of capacitance-voltage characteristics of boron-doped diamond Schottky diodes
Authors: Solomnikova Anna , Tylintsev Maksim , Lukashkin Vadim 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA single-crystal diamond doped with boron was studied in this work. For electrical measurements an array of Schottky contacts and a large Ohmic contact were fabricated. The capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics of the sample were obtained experimentally in wide temperature range and modeled. At high temperature (445 K) the slope of the C-V characteristics does not depend on the test signal frequency. The calculated concentration of free charge carriers is the same for all frequencies within the experimental error and approximately corresponds to the total boron concentration. At low temperatures (235 K), there is a significant difference in capacitances measured at different frequencies, the calculated concentration varies from 5·1017 cm-3 to 5·1015 cm-3 in the available frequency range. The reasons for the frequency dispersion of capacitance-voltage characteristics of boron-doped diamond diodes are discussed.
Revealing capacity fading in Sb-based anodes using symmetric sodium-ion cells
Authors: Tesfamhret Yonas , Carboni Marco , Asfaw Habtom Desta , Kullgren Jolla , Younesi Reza 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The electrochemical performance of negative active materials employed in sodium-ion batteries is dependent on the amount of Na+ available in the test cells. As such, electrodes that exhibit long cycle-life and high coulombic efficiency (CE) in half-cells could suffer from fast capacity fading in full-cells as a result of unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and mechanical degradation leading to loss of active materials. In this work, the performance of Sb–graphite composite active materials prepared by extended ball-milling was evaluated in sodium half-cells and various types of symmetric cells (SCs). In half-cell tests, the composite electrodes provided specific capacities in the range 350–600 mAh g−1 at C/20 with initial CE of 82%. A stable capacity of 380 mAh g−1 was observed in the subsequent 100 cycles with the CE increasing to nearly 99%. However, self-discharge tests on half-cells and galvanostatic cycling of SCs revealed poor capacity retention as a result of parasitic reaction occurring through the SEI layer. Contrary to half-cells, the SCs revealed that Sb electrodes suffered from sharp capacity losses when a limited amount of Na+ ions was available in the cells. This is also characteristic of full-cells in which the sodium ions are supplied by the positive electrode.
GPU coprocessors as a service for deep learning inference in high energy physics
Authors: Krupa Jeffrey , Lin Kelvin , Acosta Flechas Maria , Dinsmore Jack , Duarte Javier , Harris Philip , Hauck Scott , Holzman Burt , Hsu Shih-Chieh , Klijnsma Thomas , Liu Mia , Pedro Kevin , Rankin Dylan , Suaysom Natchanon , Trahms Matt , Tran Nhan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the next decade, the demands for computing in large scientific experiments are expected to grow tremendously. During the same time period, CPU performance increases will be limited. At the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), these two issues will confront one another as the collider is upgraded for high luminosity running. Alternative processors such as graphics processing units (GPUs) can resolve this confrontation provided that algorithms can be sufficiently accelerated. In many cases, algorithmic speedups are found to be largest through the adoption of deep learning algorithms. We present a comprehensive exploration of the use of GPU-based hardware acceleration for deep learning inference within the data reconstruction workflow of high energy physics. We present several realistic examples and discuss a strategy for the seamless integration of coprocessors so that the LHC can maintain, if not exceed, its current performance throughout its running.
Ways that Animal Wings Produce Sound
Authors: Clark Christopher J 
Published: March 2021

SynopsisThere are at least eight ways that wings potentially produce sound. Five mechanisms are aerodynamic sounds, created by airflow, and three are structural sound created by interactions of solid surfaces. Animal flight is low Mach (M), meaning all animals move at &lt;30% of the speed of sound. Thus in aerodynamic mechanisms the effects of air compressibility can be ignored, except in mechanism #1. Mechanism #1 is trapped air, in which air approaches or exceeds Mach 1 as it escapes a constriction. This mechanism is hypothetical but likely. #2 is Gutin sound, the aerodynamic reaction to lift and drag. This mechanism is ubiquitous in flight, and generates low frequency sound such as the humming of hummingbirds or insect wing tones. #3 is turbulence-generated atonal whooshing sounds, which are also widespread in animal flight. #4 are whistles, tonal sounds generated by geometry-induced flow feedback. This mechanism is hypothetical. #5 is aeroelastic flutter, sound generated by elasticity-induced feedback that is usually but not always tonal. This is widespread in birds (feathers are predisposed to flutter) but apparently not bats or insects. Mechanism #6 is rubbing sound (including stridulation), created when bird feathers or insect wings slide past each other. Atonal rubbing sounds are widespread in bird flight and insects; tonal stridulation is widespread in insects. #7 is percussion, created when two stiff elements collide and vibrate, and is present in some birds and insects. Mechanism #8 are tymbals and other bistable conformations. These are stiff elements that snap back and forth between two conformations, producing impulsive, atonal sound. Tymbals are widespread in insects but not birds or bats; insect cuticle appears predisposed to form tymbals. There are few examples of bat wing sounds: are bats intrinsically quiet, or just under-studied? These mechanisms, especially Gutin sound, whooshes, and rubbing (#2, #3, and #6) are prominent cues in ordinary flight of all flying animals, and are the “acoustic substrate” available to be converted from an adventitious sound (cue) into a communication signal. For instance, wing sounds have many times evolved into signals that are incorporated into courtship displays. Conversely, these are the sounds selected to be suppressed if quiet flight is selected for. The physical mechanisms that underlie animal sounds provide context for understanding the ways in which signals and cues may evolve.
Is the Yedikule-solitary pulmonary nodule malignancy risk score sufficient to predict malignancy? An internal validation study
Authors: Erdoğu Volkan , Çitak Necati , Yerlioğlu Aynur , Aksoy Yunus , Emetli Yasemin , Pekçolaklar Atilla , Saydam Özkan , Metin Muzaffer 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
We aimed to develop a malignancy risk score model for solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) using the demographic, radiological and clinical characteristics of patients in our centre. The model was then internally validated for malignancy risk estimation.

METHODS
A total of 270 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for SPN between June 2017 and May 2019 were retrospectively analysed. Using the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, cut-off values were determined for radiological tumour diameter, maximum standardized uptake value and the Brock University probability of malignancy (BU-PM) model. The Yedikule-SPN malignancy risk model was developed using these cut-off values and demographic, radiological and clinical criteria in the first 180 patients (study cohort) and internally validated with the next 90 patients (validation cohort). The Yedikule-SPN model was then compared with the BU-PM model in terms of malignancy prediction.

RESULTS
Malignancy was reported in 171 patients (63.3%). Maximum standardized uptake value and BU-PM scores were sufficient to predict malignancy (P &lt; 0.001 for both), while the effectiveness of nodule size determined on thoracic computed tomography did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.09). When the Yedikule-SPN model developed with the study cohort was applied to the validation cohort, it significantly predicted malignancy (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.883, 95% confidence interval: 0.827–0.957, P &lt; 0.001). Comparison of patients in the validation group with Yedikule-SPN scores above (n = 53) and below (n = 37) the cut-off value of 65.75 showed that the malignancy rate was significantly higher among patients with Yedikule-SPN score over 65.75 (86.8% vs 21.6%, P &lt; 0.001, odds ratio = 23.821, 95% confidence interval: 7.805–72.701). When compared with the BU-PM model in all patients, the Yedikule-SPN model tended to be a better predictor of malignancy (P = 0.06).

CONCLUSIONS
The internally validated Yedikule-SPN model is also a good predictor of the malignancy of SPN(s). Prospective and multicentre external validation studies with large patients’ cohorts are needed.