bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quetiapine in the Anxiety Dimension of Mood Disorders
Authors: Crapanzano Calogero , Damiani Stefano , Guiot Cecilia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Purpose/Background
Bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder are heterogeneous conditions characterized by marked variations in mood. High levels of anxiety are often present in these conditions and are associated with increased suicidal risk, increased disease duration, and treatment resistance. Mood stabilizers or antipsychotics are recommended for the treatment of bipolar disorder in comorbidity with anxiety disorders. This study examines current knowledge to evaluate the efficacy of quetiapine in the treatment of anxiety in mood disorders.

Methods/Procedures
A systematic review was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and Cochrane guidelines, selecting randomized control trials that evaluated the efficacy of quetiapine on anxiety symptoms in patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder and included anxiety evaluation scales.

Findings/Results
We collected 27 studies (19 with primary data analysis, 8 with secondary data analysis) regarding the use of quetiapine in mood disorders. Quetiapine was more effective than placebo and active comparators in reducing anxiety in unipolar and bipolar patients in 20 of these studies. In 7 studies, quetiapine was not superior to psychoactive comparators or placebo on the anxiety dimension.

Implications/Conclusions
Statistical power might be limited by small sample size in 5 of the studies included in our review. Moreover, data on anxiety were a secondary outcome in most studies. Nevertheless, the reported studies show with good levels of concordance that quetiapine is effective in controlling anxiety symptoms in patients with mood disorders. This evidence supports current guidelines and recommendations concerning the use of quetiapine in clinical practice.
A Review of Nursing Position Statements on Racism Following the Murder of George Floyd and Other Black Americans
Authors: Knopf Amelia , Budhwani Henna , Logie Carmen H. , Oruche Ukamaka , Wyatt Erin , Draucker Claire Burke 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
National outrage over the killings of George Floyd and other Black Americans in the United States prompted public outcry against police brutality and racism in law enforcement and drew national attention to systemic racism as a public health crisis. In response, during the summer of 2020 many health organizations issued position statements in response to the murders. This article examines such statements issued by 3 prominent nursing organizations and 18 schools of nursing. Thematic analysis revealed six themes in the statements of the professional organizations, and a content analysis revealed that the statements of the schools of nursing were generally aligned with these themes. Such position statements can provide a viable approach to the public commitment to anti-racist reforms, but it is unclear if such statements can promote meaningful and measurable change.
Factors Associated with Perceived Insufficient Milk in the First Three Months of Breastfeeding
Authors: Wood Natsuko K. , Odom-Maryon Tamara , Smart Denise A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
Perceived insufficient milk is the predominant risk factor for early breastfeeding discontinuation globally. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between perceived insufficient milk in the first 3 months and infant factors, maternal factors, professional support, parenting decisions, and breastfeeding concerns. Sixty-nine mothers who had perceived insufficient milk and 301 mothers who did not were included.

Study Design and Methods:
A cross-sectional online survey design was used in a convenience sample of 370 U.S. mothers with a healthy singleton infant between 1 and 12 weeks who were breastfeeding directly on the breast as part of their feeding methods.

Results:
Using stratified multivariable logistic regression, we found that among 102 mothers of infants < 4 weeks of age, planned breastfeeding duration < 6 months (OR = 13.17; 95% CI [1.42, 122.48], p = .024), and concerns about infant crying or fussing (OR = 4.72; 95% CI [1.10, 20.00], p = .03) were associated with perceived insufficient milk. Among 256 mothers of infants 4 to 12 weeks of age, concerns about frequent feedings (OR = 4.05; 95% CI [1.95, 8.40], p = .000) and latching difficulty (OR = 2.95; 95% CI [1.33, 6.54], p = .008) were associated with perceived insufficient milk.

Clinical Implications:
Association between factors and perceived insufficient milk differed based on infant age. Maternal perceptions of crying or fussing, frequent feedings, and latching difficulty need to be assessed because of its attribution to perceived insufficient milk.
Sensitivity of Self-Reported Human Papillomavirus Vaccination History Among 18- to 26-Year-Old Men Who Have Sex With Men: Seattle, WA, 2016 to 2018
Authors: Forward Terra , Meites Elissa , Lin John , Hughes James P. , Unger Elizabeth R. , Markowitz Lauri E. , Golden Matthew , Swanson Fred , Faestel Paul M. , Winer Rachel L. 
Published: June 2021

Background
We assessed the sensitivity of self-reported human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among young adult men who have sex with men (MSM) with documented HPV vaccination.

Methods
During 2016–2018, MSM and transgender women aged 18 to 26 years were enrolled in Seattle, WA. A history of HPV vaccination was assessed via self-administered survey, clinic electronic medical records, and the Washington State Immunization Information System. We assessed self-report sensitivity among participants with documented prior HPV vaccination (≥1 dose) in either the electronic medical record or the Washington State Immunization Information System, and used logistic regression to compare sensitivity by age, number of doses, and time since first dose.

Results
Of 292 participants with ≥1 documented HPV vaccine dose, 243 self-reported ≥1 dose (sensitivity, 83.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 78.4%–87.3%). Compared with participants whose first dose was <1 year ago, the likelihood of self-report was lower among those with ≥3 years since first dose (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.2; 95% CI, 0.1–0.5). Furthermore, compared with participants with only 1 documented HPV vaccine dose, the likelihood of self-reporting ≥1 dose was higher among those with 2 (aOR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.0–5.5) or ≥3 doses (aOR, 6.2; 95% CI, 2.7–14.4). Among 115 participants with ≥3 documented doses, sensitivity for recalling ≥3 doses was 69.6% (95% CI, 60.3%–77.8%).

Conclusions
Most young adult MSM with a documented history of HPV vaccination self-reported prior HPV vaccination. Although recall was highest in those with ≥3 doses, 30% of this fully vaccinated subgroup did not correctly recall the number of doses received, highlighting limitations of self-reporting. Furthermore, results indicating reduced recall with ≥3 years since first dose suggest that sensitivity of self-report among young adult MSM may decline over time as adolescent vaccination coverage increases.
Improving Sampling Efficiency for Determining Pediatric HIV Prevalence in National Surveys: Evidence From 8 Sub-Saharan African Countries
Authors: Reid Giles , Voetsch Andrew C. , Stupp Paul , McCracken Stephen , Kalton Graham , Dlamini Sindisiwe , McOllogi Juma James , Kalua Thoko , Kirungi Wilford , Koto Masebeo , Mugurungi Owen , Mulenga Lloyd , Mutenda Nicholus , Marum Lawrence , Saito Suzue 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Measurement of mother-to-child HIV transmission through population-based surveys requires large sample sizes because of low HIV prevalence among children. We estimate potential improvements in sampling efficiency resulting from a targeted sample design.

Setting:
Eight countries in sub-Saharan Africa with completed Population‐based HIV Impact Assessment (PHIA) surveys as of 2017.

Methods:
The PHIA surveys used a geographically stratified 2-stage sample design with households sampled from randomly selected census enumeration areas. Children (0–14 years of age) were eligible for HIV testing within a random subsample of households (usually 50%). Estimates of child HIV prevalence in each country were calculated using jackknife replicate weights. We compared sample sizes and precision achieved using this design with a 2-phase disproportionate sample design applied to strata defined by maternal HIV status and mortality.

Results:
HIV prevalence among children ranged from 0.4% (95% confidence interval: 0.2 to 0.6) in Tanzania to 2.8% (95% confidence interval: 2.2 to 3.4) in Eswatini with achieved relative standard errors between 11% and 21%. The expected precision improved in the targeted design in all countries included in the analysis, with proportionate reductions in mean squared error ranging from 27% in Eswatini to 61% in Tanzania, assuming an equal sample size.

Conclusions:
Population-based surveys of adult HIV prevalence that also measure child HIV prevalence should consider targeted sampling of children to reduce required sample size, increase precision, and increase the number of positive children tested. The findings from the PHIA surveys can be used as baseline data for informing future sample designs.
Successful Use of Near Point-of-Care Early Infant Diagnosis in NAMPHIA to Improve Turnaround Times in a National Household Survey
Authors: Domaoal Robert A. , Sleeman Katrina , Sawadogo Souleymane , Dzinamarira Tafadzwa , Frans Ndahafa , Shatumbu Saara P. , Kakoma Ligamena N. , Shuumbwa Terthu K. , Cox Mackenzie Hurlston , Stephens Sally , Nisbet Lydia , Metz Melissa , Saito Suzue , Williams Daniel B. , Voetsch Andrew C. , Patel Hetal K. , Parekh Bharat S. , Duong Yen T. 
Published: June 2021

Background:
In the population-based HIV impact assessment surveys, early infant diagnosis (EID) was provided to infants <18 months without a prior diagnosis. For the Namibia population-based HIV impact assessment (NAMPHIA), the GeneXpert platform was assessed for the feasibility of near POC EID testing compared with the standard Roche COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan (CAP/CTM) platform. Quality assurance measures and turnaround time were compared to improve EID results reporting.

Methods:
NAMPHIA participants were screened for HIV exposure using Determine HIV-1/2 rapid test; samples reactive on Determine received EID testing on the GeneXpert instrument and Xpert HIV-1 Qual assay using whole blood. Results were confirmed at the Namibia Institute of Pathology using dried blood spots on the Roche CAP/CTM platform per national guidelines.

Results:
Of the 762 screened infants, 61 (8.0%) were Determine-reactive and considered HIV-exposed. Of the 61 exposed infants, 2 were found to be HIV-infected whereas 59 were negative on both GeneXpert and Roche platforms, achieving 100% concordance. Average turnaround time was 3.4 days for the Xpert HIV-1 Qual assay, and average time from collection to testing was 1.0 days for GeneXpert compared with 10.7 days for Roche. No samples failed using GeneXpert whereas 1 sample failed using Roche and was repeated.

Conclusion:
Quality POC EID testing is feasible in a national survey through extensive training and external quality assurance measures. The use of decentralized POC EID for national testing would provide rapid diagnosis and improve TATs which may prevent loss to follow-up, ensure linkage to care, and improve clinical outcomes for infants.
Unawareness of HIV Infection Among Men Aged 15–59 Years in 13 Sub-Saharan African Countries: Findings From the Population-Based HIV Impact Assessments, 2015–2019
Authors: West Christine A. , Chang Gregory C. , W. Currie Dustin , Bray Rachel , Kinchen Steve , Behel Stephanie , McCullough-Sanden Rachel , Low Andrea , Bissek Anne , Shang Judith D. , Ndongmo Clement B. , Dokubo Emily K. , Balachandra Shirish , Lobognon Legre R. , Dube Lenhle , Nuwagaba-Biribonwoha Harriet , Li Michelle , Pasipamire Munyaradzi , Getaneh Yimam , Lulseged Sileshi , Eshetu Frehywot , Kingwara Leonard , Zielinski-Gutierrez Emily , Tlhomola Mphotleng , Ramphalla Puleng , Kalua Thokozani , F. Auld Andrew , B. Williams Daniel , Remera Eric , Rwibasira Gallican N. , Mugisha Veronicah , Malamba Samuel S. , Mushi Jeremiah , Jalloh Mohamed F. , Mgomella George S. , Kirungi Wilford L. , Biraro Sam , C. Awor Anna , Barradas Danielle T. , Mugurungi Owen , H. Rogers John , Bronson Megan , M. Bodika Stephane , Ajiboye Aderonke , Gaffga Nicholas , Moore Carole , Patel Hetal K. , C. Voetsch Andrew 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Identifying men living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is critical to end the epidemic. We describe the underlying factors of unawareness among men aged 15–59 years who ever tested for HIV in 13 SSA countries.

Methods:
Using pooled data from the nationally representative Population-based HIV Impact Assessments, we fit a log-binomial regression model to identify characteristics related to HIV positivity among HIV-positive unaware and HIV-negative men ever tested for HIV.

Results:
A total of 114,776 men were interviewed and tested for HIV; 4.4% were HIV-positive. Of those, 33.7% were unaware of their HIV-positive status, (range: 20.2%–58.7%, in Rwanda and Cote d’Ivoire). Most unaware men reported they had ever received an HIV test (63.0%). Age, region, marital status, and education were significantly associated with HIV positivity. Men who had HIV-positive sexual partners (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]: 5.73; confidence interval [95% CI]: 4.13 to 7.95) or sexual partners with unknown HIV status (aPR: 2.32; 95% CI: 1.89 to 2.84) were more likely to be HIV-positive unaware, as were men who tested more than 12 months compared with HIV-negative men who tested within 12 months before the interview (aPR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.31 to 1.91). Tuberculosis diagnosis and not being circumcised were also associated with HIV positivity.

Conclusion:
Targeting subgroups of men at risk for infection who once tested negative could improve yield of testing programs. Interventions include improving partner testing, frequency of testing, outreach and educational strategies, and availability of HIV testing where men are accessing routine health services.
Signature transcriptome analysis of stage specific atherosclerotic plaques of patients
Authors: Verma Sonia , Kumar Abhay , Narang Rajiv , Bisoi Akshay K , Mitra Dipendra K 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundInflammation plays an important role in all the stages of atherosclerotic plaque development. The current study aimed at assessing the altered expression of genes functioning in inflammation within the early stage (ES)and advanced stage (AS) atherosclerotic plaques obtained from patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery and identifying biomarker panel/sthat may detect the status of plaque stages using peripheral blood samples.MethodsA section of ES and ASplaques and normal left internal mammary arteries (LIMA) were obtained from 8 patients undergoing theCABG surgery. Total RNA isolated was analysed for mRNA and miRNAexpression profile by Affymetrix arrays. Significant number of mRNAs was found to be differentially expressed in ES and ASplaque tissues relative to LIMA. The pathway analysis of differentially expressed mRNAs in the two plaque stages was also performed using DAVID Bioinformatics Database.ResultsThe mRNAs were found to be involved in critical inflammatory processes such as Toll-like receptor signalling pathway and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. Few miRNAs targeting these mRNAs were also altered in the two plaque conditions. QRT-PCR results showedsimilar expression pattern of few of themRNAs and miRNAsin peripheral blood of same patients relative to healthy controls.ConclusionChanges in mRNA and miRNA expression associated with various inflammatory processes occur in different atherosclerotic stage plaques as well as peripheral blood. Detection of such variations in patients’ blood can be used as a possible prognostic tool to detect and/or predict the risk and stage of atherosclerosis.
Improving prediction of amyloid deposition in Mild Cognitive Impairment with a timed motor task
Authors: Schaefer Sydney Y. , Duff Kevin , Hooyman Andrew , Hoffman John M. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTCortical amyloid deposition is one of the hallmark biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease. However, given how cost- and time-intensive amyloid imaging can be, there is a continued need for a low-cost, non-invasive, and accessible enrichment strategy to pre-screen individuals for their likelihood of amyloid prior to imaging. Previous work supports the use of coordinated limb movement as a potential screening tool, even after controlling for cognitive and daily function. Thirty-six patients diagnosed with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment over the age of 65 underwent 18F-Flutemetamol amyloid-positron emission tomography imaging, then completed a timed motor task involving upper limb coordination. This task takes ∼5 minutes to administer and score. Multivariate linear regression and Receiver Operator Characteristic analyses showed that including motor task performance improved model prediction of amyloid burden. Results support the rationale for including functional upper extremity motor assessment as a cost- and time-effective means to screen participants for amyloid deposition.
The Impact of Legislation on Covid-19 Mortality in a Brazilian Federative Unit was Mediated by Social Isolation
Authors: Diaz-Quijano Fredi A. , Ribeiro Tatiane Bomfim , da Rosa Aléxia Viana , Reis Rossana , Aith Fernando , Ventura Deisy F. L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to estimate the effect of restrictive laws on actual social isolation and COVID-19 mortality. Moreover, we evaluated how community adherence, measured with an index of social isolation, would mediate the lockdown effect on COVID-19 mortality.MethodsThis ecological study assessed the legislations published until June 30, 2020, in the Brazilian state of Ceará. We performed a systematic review and classification of restrictive norms and estimated their immediate effect on social isolation, measured by an index based on mobile data, and the subsequent impact on COVID-19 mortality (three weeks later). A mediation analysis was performed to estimate the effect of rigid lockdown on mortality that was explained for effective social isolation.ResultsThe social isolation index showed an increase of 11.9% (95% CI: 2.9% - 21%) during the days in which a rigid isolation norm (lockdown) was implemented. Moreover, this rigid lockdown was associated with a reduction of 26% (95% CI: 21% - 31%) in the three-week-delayed mortality. We also calculated that the rigid lockdown had the indirect effect, i.e., mediated by adherence to social isolation, of reducing COVID-19 mortality by 38.24% (95% CI: 21.64% to 56.07%). Therefore, the preventive effect of this norm was fully explained by the actual population adherence, reflected in the social isolation index. On the other hand, mandatory mask use was associated with 11% reduction in COVID-19 mortality (95% CI: 8% −13%).ConclusionsWe estimated the effect of quarantine regulations on social isolation and evidenced that a rigid lockdown law led to a reduction of COVID-19 mortality in one state of Brazil. In addition, the mandatory masks norm was an additional determinant of the reduction of this outcome.
Safe in my heart: resting heart rate variability longitudinally predicts emotion regulation, worry and sense of safeness during COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Makovac Elena , Carnevali Luca , Hernandez-Medina Sonia , Sgoifo Andrea , Petrocchi Nicola , Ottaviani Cristina 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDue to its ability to reflect the capacity to engage in context-appropriate responses, tonic heart rate variability (HRV) is considered a putative biomarker of stress resilience. However, most studies are cross-sectional, precluding causal inferences. The high levels of uncertainty and fear at a global level that characterize the COVID-19 pandemic offer a unique opportunity to investigate the longitudinal role of HRV in stress resilience. The present study examined whether HRV, measured about 2 years earlier (Time 0), could predict emotion regulation strategies and daily affect in healthy adults during the May 2020 lockdown (Time 1). Moreover, we evaluated the association between HRV measures, emotion regulation strategies, subjective perception of COVID-19 risk, and self-reported depressive symptoms at Time 1. Higher tonic HRV at Time 0 resulted a significant predictor of a stronger engagement in more functional emotion regulation strategies, as well as of higher daily feelings of safeness and reduced daily worry at Time 1. Moreover, depressive symptoms negatively correlated with HRV and positively correlated with the subjective perception of COVID-19 risk at Time 1. Current data support the view that HRV might be not only a marker but also a precursor of resilience under stressful times.
The mental health of NHS staff during the COVID-19 pandemic: a two-wave cohort study
Authors: De Kock Johannes H. , Latham Helen Ann , Cowden Richard G. , Cullen Breda , Narzisi Katia , Jerdan Shaun , Munoz Sarah-Anne , Leslie Stephen J. , Boggon Adam , Humphry Roger W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundHealth and social care workers(HSCWs) are at risk of experiencing adverse mental health (MH) outcomes (e.g., higher levels of anxiety and depression) as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. This can have a detrimental impact on quality of care, the national response to the pandemic and its aftermath.AimsA longitudinal design provided follow-up evidence on the MH(changes in the prevalence of disease over time) of NHS staff working in a remote health board in Scotland during the COVID-19 pandemic and investigated the determinants of MH outcomes over time.MethodA two-wave longitudinal study was conducted from July to September 2020. Participants self-reported levels of depression(PHQ-9), anxiety(GAD-7), and mental well-being(WEMWBS) at baseline and again 1.5 months later.ResultsThe analytic sample of 169 participants, working in community(43%) and hospital(44%) settings reported substantial levels of probable clinical depression, anxiety and low mental well-being(MWB) at baseline(depression:30.8%, anxiety:20.1%, low-MWB:31.9%). Whilst the MH of participants remained mostly constant over time, the proportion of participants meeting the threshold for clinical anxiety increased to 27.2% at follow-up. Multivariable modelling indicated that working with, and disruption due to COVID-19 were associated with adverse MH changes over time.ConclusionsHSCWs working in a remote area with low COVID-19 prevalence, reported similar levels of substantial anxiety and depression as those working in areas of the UK with high rates of COVID-19 infections. Efforts to support HSCW MH must remain a priority and should minimize the adverse effects of working with, and the disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.