bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Worldwide sedation strategies for atrial fibrillation ablation: current status and evolution over the last decade
Authors: Garcia Rodrigue , Waldmann Victor , Vanduynhoven Philippe , Nesti Martina , Jansen de Oliveira Figueiredo Márcio , Narayanan Kumar , Conte Giulio , Guerra Jose M , Boveda Serge , Duncker David 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) has become one of the most common procedures in the electrophysiology lab with rapidly increasing volumes. Peri-procedural anaesthesia for AF ablation varies between centres, from general anaesthesia to deep or conscious sedation. The aim of this survey was to assess current sedation practices for AF ablation worldwide and its evolution over the last decade. Centres regularly performing AF ablation responded to an online survey. A total of 297 centres participated in the survey. Overall, the median (interquartile range) number of AF ablation procedures increased from 91 (43–200) to 200 (74–350) per year (P &lt; 0.001) between 2010 and 2019. The proportion of cryoablation also increased from 17.0% to 33.2% (P &lt; 0.001). In 2019, the most used sedation technique was general anaesthesia (40.5%), followed by conscious sedation (32.0%) and deep sedation (27.5%). Between 2010 and 2019, the proportion of procedures performed under general anaesthesia (+4.4%; P = 0.02) and deep sedation (+4.8%; P &lt; 0.01) increased, whereas the use of conscious sedation decreased (−9.2%; P &lt; 0.001). The most commonly used hypnotic drugs were propofol and midazolam, whereas the most commonly used opioid drugs were remifentanyl and fentanyl. This worldwide survey shows that the number of AF ablation procedures has more than doubled over the last decade and general anaesthesia remains most commonly used. Studies comparing outcomes between different sedation strategies are needed to guide optimal decision-making.
Fishing for the right probiotic: host–microbe interactions at the interface of effective aquaculture strategies
Authors: Langlois Luana , Akhtar Nadeem , Tam Kam C , Dixon Brian , Reid Gregor 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTEffective aquaculture management strategies are paramount to global food security. Growing demands stimulate the intensification of production and create the need for practices that are both economically viable and environmentally sustainable. Importantly, pathogenic microbes continue to be detrimental to fish growth and survival. In terms of host health, the intestinal mucosa and its associated consortium of microbes have a critical role in modulating fitness and present an attractive opportunity to promote health at this interface. In light of this, the administration of probiotic microorganisms is being considered as a means to restore and sustain health in fish. Current evidence suggests that certain probiotic strains might be able to augment immunity, enhance growth rate and protect against infection in salmonids, the most economically important family of farmed finfish. This review affirms the relevance of host–microbe interactions in salmonids in light of emerging evidence, with an emphasis on intestinal health. In addition, the current understanding of the mode of action of probiotics in salmonid fish is discussed, along with delivery systems that can effectively carry the living microbes.
The effect of self-efficacy on health literacy in the German population
Authors: Berens Eva-Maria , Pelikan Jürgen M , Schaeffer Doris 
Published: May 2021

Summary
Concerning the determinants of health literacy (HL) mostly socio-demographic or -economic factors have been considered, much less so psychological factors such as self-efficacy. To date, it has mostly been considered to explain the relationship of HL and health outcomes. However, self-efficacy could also be an important determinant for HL. This study therefore examines the effect of self-efficacy on comprehensive HL within the general population in Germany. Data from the German HL Survey (HLS-GER), a cross-sectional, computer-assisted personal interview study among 2000 respondents aged 15+ years in 2014 were used. Self-efficacy was measured using the German version of general self-efficacy short scale (ASKU), comprehensive HL was measured using the German version of the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q47). Correlation and multi-variate linear regression analyses were performed to analyze independent effects of socio-demographic factors—age, gender, social status, educational level and migration background—functional HL and self-efficacy on comprehensive HL. Self-efficacy and comprehensive HL are statistically significantly correlated (Spearman’s Rho = 0.405; p &lt; 0.01), respondents with better self-efficacy had better HL scores. Both concepts are significantly associated with most socio-demographic factors and functional HL. Self-efficacy showed the strongest association with HL in the multivariate analyses (model 2: β =0.310, p &lt; 0.001). The effect size of the other predictors decreased, when adding self-efficacy into the equation, but remained statistically significant. Self-efficacy is a rather strong predictor of comprehensive HL. Future research and measures to improve HL should therefore take self-efficacy adequately into account.
Fish hearing and how it is best determined
Authors: Popper Arthur N , Hawkins Anthony D 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Hearing, as defined by numerous investigators of vertebrate hearing, involves not only detection of a sound, but the ability to respond to the sound behaviourally. Thus, in order to understand what a fish (or any animal) hears, it is important to use behavioural methods that allow an animal to “tell the investigator” which sounds are detected and which are not. However, since the 1980’s, most studies that suggest they are measuring fish hearing have used electrophysiological approaches to measure the response of the ear or lower levels of the central auditory system to sounds. In this paper, we argue that these electrophysiological measures do not represent hearing since they do not indicate what sounds a fish can potentially respond to behaviourally. Thus, while the electrophysiological measures provide some useful and interesting insights into fish sound detection mechanisms, the most valid measures of hearing sensitivity, and understanding which sounds (anthropogenic or otherwise) that fish are able to respond to, are obtained using behavioural studies. We also argue that these studies must be done in carefully designed acoustic setups so that the nature of the stimulus to which the fish responds is appropriate and well understood.
SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Human Antibodies Protect Against Lower Respiratory Tract Disease in a Hamster Model
Authors: Haagmans Bart L , Noack Danny , Okba Nisreen M A , Li Wentao , Wang Chunyan , Bestebroer Theo , de Vries Rory , Herfst Sander , de Meulder Dennis , Verveer Elwin , van Run Peter , Lamers Mart M , Rijnders Bart , Rokx Casper , van Kuppeveld Frank , Grosveld Frank , Drabek Dubravka , Geurts van Kessel Corine , Koopmans Marion , Bosch Berend Jan , Kuiken Thijs , Rockx Barry 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEffective clinical intervention strategies for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are urgently needed. Although several clinical trials have evaluated use of convalescent plasma containing virus-neutralizing antibodies, levels of neutralizing antibodies are usually not assessed and the effectiveness has not been proven. We show that hamsters treated prophylactically with a 1:2560 titer of human convalescent plasma or a 1:5260 titer of monoclonal antibody were protected against weight loss, had a significant reduction of virus replication in the lungs, and showed reduced pneumonia. Interestingly, this protective effect was lost with a titer of 1:320 of convalescent plasma. These data highlight the importance of screening plasma donors for high levels of neutralizing antibodies. Our data show that prophylactic administration of high levels of neutralizing antibody, either monoclonal or from convalescent plasma, prevent severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in a hamster model, and could be used as an alternative or complementary to other antiviral treatments for COVID-19.
CSF concentration of cefotaxime in adult patients with pneumococcal meningitis: a multicentre retrospective study
Authors: Le Turnier Paul , El Helali Najoua , Guilhaumou Romain , Pilmis Benoit , Revest Matthieu , Velly Lionel J. , Leroy Anne-Gaëlle , Duval Xavier , Lemaitre Florian , Gregoire Matthieu ,   DIFCEFO study group, Le Turnier Paul , Gregoire Matthieu , Leroy Anne-Gaëlle , El-Helali Najoua , Pilmis Benoît , Revest Matthieu , Lemaitre Florian , Guilhaumou Romain , Velly Lionel , Talarmin Jean-Philippe , Schmit Jean-Luc , Bennis Youssef , Charmillon Alexandre , Scala-Bertola Julien , Mootien Joy , Kernéis Solen , Bani-Sadr Firouze , Nguyen Yohan , Djerada Zoubir , Duval Xavier 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background and objectives
Pneumococcal meningitis is a devastating disease that requires adequate meningeal antibiotic penetration to limit the mortality. Despite a large usage in this indication, data about CSF concentration of cefotaxime during pneumococcal meningitis in adults are scarce. Therefore, we aimed to describe the CSF concentration obtained after high-dose cefotaxime administration in adult patients treated for Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis.

Patients and methods
In this multicentre, observational, retrospective study, cases of adult patients with S. pneumoniae meningitis hospitalized between January 2013 and October 2019 for whom cefotaxime concentration was measured in CSF were reviewed.

Results
Cefotaxime concentration was analysed in 44 CSF samples collected among 31 patients. Median (IQR) age was 61 years (52–69). Dexamethasone was administered in 27 subjects. Median (IQR) cefotaxime daily dosage was 15 g (12–19), corresponding to 200 mg/kg (150–280). CSF samples were collected approximately 5 days after cefotaxime initiation. Median (IQR, range) cefotaxime CSF concentration was 10.3 mg/L (4.8–19.3, 1.2–43.4). Median (range) MIC for Streptococcus pneumoniae was 0.25 mg/L (0.008–1) (n = 22). The median (IQR, range) CSF/MIC ratio was 38 (12–146, 4–1844). Twenty-five CSF concentrations (81%) were above 10 times the MIC. Cefotaxime was discontinued in two patients for toxicity. In-hospital mortality rate was 29%.

Conclusions
Adult patients with pneumococcal meningitis treated with a high dose of cefotaxime (200 mg/kg/day) had elevated CSF concentrations with satisfying pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics parameters and tolerability profile. This study brings reassuring pharmacological data regarding the use of high-dose cefotaxime monotherapy for treating pneumococcal meningitis with susceptible strains to cefotaxime.
Pyocin efficacy in a murine model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis
Authors: Six Anne , Mosbahi Khedidja , Barge Madhuri , Kleanthous Colin , Evans Thomas , Walker Daniel 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Bloodstream infections with antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa are common and increasingly difficult to treat. Pyocins are naturally occurring protein antibiotics produced by P. aeruginosa that have potential for human use.

Objectives
To determine if pyocin treatment is effective in a murine model of sepsis with P. aeruginosa.

Methods
Recombinant pyocins S5 and AP41 were purified and tested for efficacy in a Galleria mellonella infection model and a murine model of P. aeruginosa sepsis.

Results
Both pyocins produced no adverse effects when injected alone into mice and showed good in vitro antipseudomonal activity. In an invertebrate model of sepsis using G. mellonella, both pyocins significantly prolonged survival from 1/10 (10%) survival in controls to 80%–100% survival among groups of 10 pyocin-treated larvae. Following injection into mice, both showed extensive distribution into different organs. When administered 5 h after infection, pyocin S5 significantly increased survival from 33% (2/6) to 83% (5/6) in a murine model of sepsis (difference significant by log-rank test, P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
Pyocins S5 and AP41 show in vivo biological activity and can improve survival in two models of P. aeruginosa infection. They hold promise as novel antimicrobial agents for treatment of MDR infections with this microbe.
Neonatal Exposure to Tramadol through Mother’s Breast Milk
Authors: Gesseck Ashley M , Peace Michelle R , Nanco Carrol R , Wolf Carl E , Hendricks-Muñoz Karen D , Xu Jie , Poklis Justin L 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Tramadol is an opioid used in the treatment of moderate to moderately severe pain. Tramadol’s use during pregnancy is generally avoided and may cause some reversible withdrawal effects in neonates, and its use during lactation is not licensed by the manufacturer. A small clinical trial reported infants were exposed to &lt;3% of a mother’s tramadol dose through breast milk with no evidence of harmful effects. Presented is a case study of breast milk, neonatal urine, and neonatal oral fluid for the analysis of tramadol and its metabolites, along with the validation of a method for the analysis of tramadol, O-desmethyltramadol, and N-desmethyltramadol in breast milk. Tramadol and its metabolites were extracted by solid-phase extraction after saponification of breast milk to remove lipids. Samples were analyzed by ultra-pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. To the author’s knowledge, this is the first report of tramadol and its metabolites in neonatal oral fluid. The breast milk concentrations were 63, 22, and 76 ng/mL for the analysis of tramadol, O-desmethyltramadol, and N-desmethyltramadol, respectively, on day of life 12. On day of life 20, the breast milk concentrations were 1,254, 388, and 937 ng/mL for the analysis of tramadol, O-desmethyltramadol, and N-desmethyltramadol, respectively. Oral fluid concentrations were 1,011, 1,499, and 406 ng/mL for the analysis of tramadol, O-desmethyltramadol, and N-desmethyltramadol, respectively, on day of life 20. Oral fluid concentrations were similar to breast milk for tramadol, almost four times higher for O-desmethyltramadol, and less than half for N-desmethyltramadol. The absolute infant dose was calculated to be 10 μg/kg/day and 294 μg/kg/day for tramadol on day of life 12 and 20, respectively.
A Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly of the Parasitoid Wasp,Cotesia glomerata(Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Authors: Pinto Brendan J , Weis Jerome J , Gamble Tony , Ode Paul J , Paul Ryan , Zaspel Jennifer M 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHymenopterans make up about 20% of all animal species, but most are poorly known and lack high-quality genomic resources. One group of important, yet understudied hymenopterans are parasitoid wasps in the family Braconidae. Among this understudied group is the genus Cotesia, a clade of ~1,000 species routinely used in studies of physiology, ecology, biological control, and genetics. However, our ability to understand these organisms has been hindered by a lack of genomic resources. We helped bridge this gap by generating a high-quality genome assembly for the parasitoid wasp, Cotesia glomerata (Braconidae; Microgastrinae). We generated this assembly using multiple sequencing technologies, including Oxford Nanopore, whole-genome shotgun sequencing, and 3D chromatin contact information (HiC). Our assembly is one of the most contiguous, complete, and publicly available hymenopteran genomes, represented by 3,355 scaffolds with a scaffold N50 of ~28 Mb and a BUSCO score of ~99%. Given the genome sizes found in closely related species, our genome assembly was ~50% larger than expected, which was apparently induced by runaway amplification of 3 types of repetitive elements: simple repeats, long terminal repeats, and long interspersed nuclear elements. This assembly is another step forward for genomics across this hyperdiverse, yet understudied order of insects. The assembled genomic data and metadata files are publicly available via Figshare (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.13010549).
Leaf hydraulic traits of larch and ash trees in response to long-term nitrogen addition in northeastern China
Authors: Jin Ying , Wang Chuankuan , Zhou Zhenghu , Gu Jiacun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Aims
Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition influences tree hydraulic architecture and thus the growth and survival; but the responses of leaf hydraulic traits remain uncertain, and may vary with species or plant functional types.

Methods
We used the 16-year N addition experiment (10 g N m−2 year−1) on Fraxinus mandshurica (ash, broadleaf angiosperm) and Larix gmelinii (larch, conifer gymnosperm) plantations in northeastern China and examined the effect of N addition on their leaf hydraulics. We measured the leaf pressure–volume traits by the bench drying method and quantified the maximum leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf_max) and resistance to embolism (P50leaf) by the timed rehydration method.

Important Findings
Larch had higher Kleaf_max and stronger drought tolerance (i.e., lower relative water content at turgor loss point (RWCtlp) and modulus of elasticity (ε), and more negative P50leaf) than ash. N addition increased the leaf osmotic potential at turgor loss (πtlp) and full turgor (π0), and leaf capacitance (Cleaf_mass) for ash but not for larch, indicating that ash is more sensitive to N addition. N addition consistently increased Kleaf_max and P50leaf values for both species. πtlp and π0 were positively while Cleaf_mass was negatively correlated with leaf density (LD) for ash. Kleaf_max was positively but P50leaf was negatively related with LD for larch. There were negative relationships between Kleaf_max and P50leaf for both species. Overall, our findings suggest that long-term N addition decreases the leaf drought tolerance for these two important tree species, which improve the understanding of the tree hydraulic performance under N deposition.
The Thousand-Pulsar-Array programme on MeerKAT – III. Giant pulse characteristics of PSR J0540−6919
Authors: Geyer M , Serylak M , Abbate F , Bailes M , Buchner S , Chilufya J , Johnston S , Karastergiou A , Main R , van Straten W , Shamohammadi M 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
PSR J0540−6919 is the second-most energetic radio pulsar known and resides in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Like the Crab pulsar, it is observed to emit giant radio pulses (GPs). We used the newly commissioned PTUSE instrument on the MeerKAT radio telescope to search for GPs across three observations. In a total integration time of 5.7 h, we detected 865 pulses above our 7σ threshold. With full polarization information for a subset of the data, we estimated the Faraday rotation measure, $\rm {RM}=-245.8 \pm 1.0$ rad m−2 towards the pulsar. The brightest of these pulses is ∼60 per cent linearly polarized but the pulse-to-pulse variability in the polarization fraction is significant. We find that the cumulative GP flux distribution follows a power-law distribution with index −2.75 ± 0.02. Although the detected GPs make up only ∼10 per cent of the mean flux, their average pulse shape is indistinguishable from the integrated pulse profile, and we postulate that, unlike in the Crab pulsar, there are no additional regular emission components. The pulses are scattered at L-band frequencies with the brightest pulse exhibiting a scattering time-scale of τ = 0.92 ± 0.02 ms at 1.2 GHz. We find several of the giants display very narrow-band flux knots similar to those seen in many Fast Radio Bursts, which we assert cannot be due to scintillation or plasma lensing. The GP time-of-arrival distribution is found to be Poissonian on all but the shortest time-scales where we find four GPs in six rotations, which if GPs are statistically independent is expected to occur in only 1 of 7000 observations equivalent to our data.
Dark Energy Survey Year 3 results: redshift calibration of the weak lensing source galaxies
Authors: Myles J , Alarcon A , Amon A , Sánchez C , Everett S , DeRose J , McCullough J , Gruen D , Bernstein G M , Troxel M A , Dodelson S , Campos A , MacCrann N , Yin B , Raveri M , Amara A , Becker M R , Choi A , Cordero J , Eckert K , Gatti M , Giannini G , Gschwend J , Gruendl R A , Harrison I , Hartley W G , Huff E M , Kuropatkin N , Lin H , Masters D , Miquel R , Prat J , Roodman A , Rykoff E S , Sevilla-Noarbe I , Sheldon E , Wechsler R H , Yanny B , Abbott T M C , Aguena M , Allam S , Annis J , Bacon D , Bertin E , Bhargava S , Bridle S L , Brooks D , Burke D L , Carnero Rosell A , Carrasco Kind M , Carretero J , Castander F J , Conselice C , Costanzi M , Crocce M , da Costa L N , Pereira M E S , Desai S , Diehl H T , Eifler T F , Elvin-Poole J , Evrard A E , Ferrero I , Ferté A , Flaugher B , Fosalba P , Frieman J , García-Bellido J , Gaztanaga E , Giannantonio T , Hinton S R , Hollowood D L , Honscheid K , Hoyle B , Huterer D , James D J , Krause E , Kuehn K , Lahav O , Lima M , Maia M A G , Marshall J L , Martini P , Melchior P , Menanteau F , Mohr J J , Morgan R , Muir J , Ogando R L C , Palmese A , Paz-Chinchón F , Plazas A A , Rodriguez-Monroy M , Samuroff S , Sanchez E , Scarpine V , Secco L F , Serrano S , Smith M , Soares-Santos M , Suchyta E , Swanson M E C , Tarle G , Thomas D , To C , Varga T N , Weller J , Wester W 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Determining the distribution of redshifts of galaxies observed by wide-field photometric experiments like the Dark Energy Survey (DES) is an essential component to mapping the matter density field with gravitational lensing. In this work we describe the methods used to assign individual weak lensing source galaxies from the DES Year 3 Weak Lensing Source Catalogue to four tomographic bins and to estimate the redshift distributions in these bins. As the first application of these methods to data, we validate that the assumptions made apply to the DES Y3 weak lensing source galaxies and develop a full treatment of systematic uncertainties. Our method consists of combining information from three independent likelihood functions: self-organizing map p(z) (sompz), a method for constraining redshifts from galaxy photometry; clustering redshifts (WZ), constraints on redshifts from cross-correlations of galaxy density functions; and shear ratios (SRs), which provide constraints on redshifts from the ratios of the galaxy-shear correlation functions at small scales. Finally, we describe how these independent probes are combined to yield an ensemble of redshift distributions encapsulating our full uncertainty. We calibrate redshifts with combined effective uncertainties of σ〈z〉 ∼ 0.01 on the mean redshift in each tomographic bin.
Deep learning approach for identification of H ii regions during reionization in 21-cm observations
Authors: Bianco Michele , Giri Sambit K , Iliev Ilian T , Mellema Garrelt 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
The upcoming Square Kilometre Array (SKA-Low) will map the distribution of neutral hydrogen during reionization and produce a tremendous amount of three-dimensional tomographic data. These image cubes will be subject to instrumental limitations, such as noise and limited resolution. Here, we present SegU-Net, a stable and reliable method for identifying neutral and ionized regions in these images. SegU-Net is a U-Net architecture-based convolutional neural network for image segmentation. It is capable of segmenting our image data into meaningful features (ionized and neutral regions) with greater accuracy compared to previous methods. We can estimate the ionization history from our mock observation of SKA with an observation time of 1000 h with more than 87 per cent accuracy. We also show that SegU-Net can be used to recover the size distributions and Betti numbers, with a relative difference of only a few per cent from the values derived from the original smoothed and then binarized neutral fraction field. These summary statistics characterize the non-Gaussian nature of the reionization process.