bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PD-L1 Improves Motor Function and Alleviates Neuropathic Pain in Male Mice After Spinal Cord Injury by Inhibiting MAPK Pathway
Authors: Kong Fanqi , Sun Kaiqiang , Zhu Jian , Li Fudong , Lin Feng , Sun Xiaofei , Luo Xi , Ren Changzhen , Lu Lantao , Zhao ShuJie , Sun Jingchuan , Wang Yuan , Shi Jiangang 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundTraumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) causes severe motor dysfunction and persistent central neuropathic pain (Nep), which has not yet been effectively cured. Programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is typically produced by cancer cells and contributes to the immune-suppressive in tumor microenvironment. However, the role of PD-L1 in regulating inflammatory response and Nep after SCI remains unclear. A growing amount of researches have begun to investigate the effect of PD-L1 on macrophages and microglia in recent years. Considering the pivotal role of macrophages/microglia in the inflammatory response after SCI, we proposed the hypothesis that PD-L1 improved the recovery of locomotor and sensory functions after SCI through regulating macrophages and microglia.MethodsThe mice SCI model was established to determine the changes in expression patterns of PD-L1. Meanwhile, we constructed PD-L1 knockout mice to observe differences in functional recovery and phenotypes of macrophages/microglia post-SCI.ResultsIn present study, PD-L1 was significantly upregulated after SCI and highly expressed on macrophages/microglia at the injury epicenter. PD-L1 knockout (KO) mice showed worse locomotor recovery and more serious pathological pain compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Furthermore, deletion of PD-L1 significantly increased the polarization of M1-like macrophages/microglia. Mechanistic analysis revealed that PD-L1 may improve functional outcomes following SCI by inhibiting phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1/2.ConclusionsOur observations implicate the involvement of PD-L1 in recovery of SCI and provide a new treatment strategy for the prevention and treatment of this traumatic condition.
Chronic Migraine and Medication Overuse Headache Worsening After OnabotulinumtoxinA Withdrawn Due to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 Pandemic
Authors: Baraldi Carlo , Ornello Raffaele , Favoni Valentina , Sacco Simona , Caponnetto Valeria , Pierangeli Giulia , Pani Luca , Cevoli Sabina , Guerzoni Simona 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: OnabotulinumtoxinA (BT-A) is a preventive treatment for chronic migraine (CM), which needs to be administered regularly by a trained clinician every 3 months. The spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 pandemic has forced many patients to momentarily stop the scheduled BT-A injections. The goal of this study was to explore whether those patients experienced a worsening of their CM and, if any, the clinical predictors of migraine worsening after BT-A withdrawal.Methods: This was a retrospective, multicenter study. Patients' clinical data were obtained from their clinical documentation stored at each center. In particular, the following variables were collected: the mean number of headache days in the last month (NHD), the average number of painkillers taken in the last month (AC), the average number of days in which patients took, at least, one painkiller in the last month (NDM), the average intensity of migraine using the numeric rating scale (NRS) score in the last month, and the average score obtained at the six-item Headache Impact Test. The variables mentioned earlier were compared before and after BT-A withdrawal.Results: After BT-A suspension, there was a significant increase in the NHD (P = 0.0313, Kruskal–Wallis rank test), AC (P = 0.0421, Kruskal–Wallis rank test), NDM (P = 0.0394, paired t-test), NRS score (P = 0.0069, Kruskal–Wallis rank test), and six-item Headache Impact Test score (P = 0.0372, Kruskal–Wallis rank test). Patients who were not assuming other preventive treatments other than BT-A displayed similar results. Patients who experienced a &gt;30% worsening in NHD after BT-A was withdrawn displayed a longer CM history (P = 0.001, Kruskal–Wallis rank test), a longer MOH duration (P = 0.0017, Kruskal–Wallis rank test), a higher AC value at the baseline (P = 0.0149, Kruskal–Wallis rank test), a higher NDM (P = 0.0024, t-test), and a higher average value of the NRS score (P = 0.0073, Kruskal–Wallis rank test).Conclusion: BT-A withdrawn during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 pandemic was associated with a general worsening in patients suffering from CM, hence the need to continue BT-A injection to avoid patients' worsening.
Ultrasound for Non-invasive Assessment and Monitoring of Quadriceps Muscle Thickness in Critically Ill Patients With Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Sabatino Alice , Maggiore Umberto , Regolisti Giuseppe , Rossi Giovanni Maria , Di Mario Francesca , Gentile Micaela , Farina Maria Teresa , Fiaccadori Enrico 
Published: April 2021

Background and aims: Critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) undergo major muscle wasting in the first few days of ICU stay. An important concern in this clinical setting is the lack of adequate tools for routine bedside evaluation of the skeletal muscle mass, both for the determination of nutritional status at admission, and for monitoring. In this regard, the present study aims to ascertain if ultrasound (US) is able to detect changes in quadriceps muscle thickness of critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) over short periods of time.Methods: This is a prospective observational study with a follow-up at 5 days. All adult patients with AKI hospitalized at the Renal ICU of the Parma University Hospital over 12 months, with a hospital stay before ICU admission no longer than 72 h, and with a planned ICU stay of at least 5 days, were eligible for the study. An experienced investigator assessed quadriceps rectus femoris and vastus intermedius thickness (QRFT and QVIT) at baseline and after 5 days of ICU stay.Results: We enrolled 30 patients with 74 ± 11 years of age and APACHE II score of 22 ± 5. Muscle thickness decreased by 15 ± 13% within the first 5 days of ICU stay (P &lt; 0.001 for all sites as compared to ICU admission). Patients with more severe muscle loss had lower probability of being discharged home (OR: 0.04, 95%CI: 0.00–0.74; P = 0.031).Conclusions: In critically ill patients with AKI, bedside muscle US identifies patients with accelerated muscle wasting.
SQSTM1/p62 Promotes Cell Growth and Triggers Autophagy in Papillary Thyroid Cancer by Regulating the AKT/AMPK/mTOR Signaling Pathway
Authors: Yu Fangqin , Ma Runsheng , Liu Chenguang , Zhang Lele , Feng Kaixiang , Wang Meiqi , Yin Detao 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundThyroid cancer is one of the most common endocrine malignancies worldwide, and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common pathologic type of thyroid cancer. SQSTM1/p62 activity mediates different biological functions. This study aimed to investigate the effect of SQSTM1/p62, a multifunctional receptor, on biological function and autophagy characteristics in the human PTC cell line TPC-1.MethodsA total of 105 primary PTC samples and matched adjacent normal thyroid tissue samples were obtained to evaluate the expression of p62 in clinical patients. A similar p62 expression pattern was found in PTC cell lines and normal human thyroid follicular epithelial cells. To evaluate the effect of SQSTM1/p62 on TPC-1 cells, we constructed the p62 knockout cell line p62-KO-TPC-1. Cell proliferation, cell cycle, and cell apoptosis were analyzed by colony formation tests, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays and flow cytometry in vitro. TPC-1 and p62-KO-TPC-1 human PTC cell lines in the logarithmic growth phase were subcutaneously implanted into BALB/c nude mice to verify their proliferation effect in vivo. Furthermore, western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to detect the expression of AKT/AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway-related proteins.ResultsOverall, p62 expression was higher in tumor tissues than in normal tissues in 73 of 105 PTC patients (69.5%). The expression level of p62 in the PTC cell line was higher than that in the normal thyroid cell line. Our data indicated that in vitro, p62 deficiency could decrease the number of colonies, inhibit cell growth and the cell cycle, and induce apoptosis. Tumor xenograft experiments in BALB/c nude mice corroborated these findings. Moreover, the molecular mechanism was explored by western blotting, and we found that the AMPK/AKT/mTOR pathway was involved.ConclusionsThe results indicate that p62 might mediate cell autophagy and apoptosis in TPC-1 cells via the AMPK/AKT/mTOR pathway and could be used as a potential therapeutic approach for PTC.
Pattern of Recurrence in 428 Patients With Thoracic Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma After Radical Surgery and Its Implication in Postoperative Radiotherapeutic Clinical Target Volume
Authors: Cui Tiantian , Zhang Hongjiao , Yu Tao , Chen Yiru , Liu Chengxin , Zhao Qian , Zhu Jian , Li Baosheng , Huang Wei 
Published: April 2021

PurposeThis study aimed to analyze the recurrence patterns of thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) after radical surgery, and to understand its implication in the clinical target volume (CTV) design of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) in patients with ESCC.Methods and materialsA total of 428 recurrent ESCC patients after radical surgery between 2014 and 2018 were included in this study. Recurrence patterns, especially anastomotic and regional lymph node recurrence (LNR), were analyzed. A T-shaped CTV were proposed for PORT and were evaluated whether it could cover most of regional LNR.ResultsThese patients all experienced anastomotic and/or regional LNR. Among the 428 patients, 27 cases (6.3%) had anastomotic recurrence only, and184 cases (43.0%) had LNR only. Those sites with an LNR rate higher than 15% in upper thoracic ESCC were as follows: No.101, No.104R, No.104L, No.106recR, No.106recL, No.106pre, No.106tb, No.107, and No. 109. Those with middle thoracic ESCC were as follows: No.104R, No.104L, 106recR, No.106recL, No.106pre, No.106tb, and No.107. Lastly, individuals with lower thoracic ESCC were as follows: No.104L, 106recR, No.106recL, No. 106pre, No. 106tb, No.107, and abdominal No. 3. The proportion of LNR not included in the proposed T-shaped CTV was 12.5% (1/8), 4.7% (6/128), and 10.4% (5/48) in the upper, middle, and lower thoracic segments, respectively.ConclusionsLNR was the most common type of local-regional recurrence in patients after radical surgery. Supraclavicular, superior and middle mediastinal lymph nodes had the highest recurrence rate, the rate of LNR which was outside T-shaped PORT CTV we proposed was less than 15%.
Salvage Radiotherapy for Macroscopic Local Recurrence Following Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Zaine Hind , Vandendorpe Benjamin , Bataille Benoit , Lacornerie Thomas , Wallet Jennifer , Mirabel Xavier , Lartigau Eric , Pasquier David 
Published: April 2021

IntroductionSalvage radiotherapy is the only curative treatment for biochemical progression after radical prostatectomy. Macroscopic recurrence may be found in the prostatic bed. The purpose of our study is to evaluate the effectiveness of salvage radiotherapy of the prostate bed with a boost to the area of the macroscopic recurrence.Material and MethodsFrom January 2005 to January 2020, 89 patients with macroscopic recurrence in the prostatectomy bed were treated with salvage radiotherapy +/- hormone therapy. The average PSA level prior to radiotherapy was 1.1 ng/mL (SD: 1.6). At the time of biochemical progression, 96% of the patients had a MRI that revealed the macroscopic recurrence, and 58% had an additional choline PET scan. 67.4% of the patients got a boost to the macroscopic nodule, while 32.5% of the patients only underwent radiotherapy of the prostate bed without a boost. The median total dose of radiotherapy was 70 Gy (Min.: 60 – Max.: 74). The most commonly-used regimen was radiotherapy of the prostatectomy bed with a concomitant boost. 48% of the patients were concomitantly treated with hormone therapy.ResultsAfter a median follow-up of 53.7 months, 77 patients were alive and 12 had died, of which 4 following metastatic progression. The 5-year and 8-year survival rates (CI95%) are, respectively, 90.2% (78.9-95.6%) and 69.8% (46.4-84.4%). The 5-year biochemical progression-free survival rate (CI95%) is 50.8% (36.7-63.3). Metastatic recurrence occurred in 11.2% of the patients. We did not find any statistically significant impact from the various known prognostic factors for biochemical progression-free survival. No toxicity with a grade of &gt; or = to 3 was found.ConclusionsOur series is one of the largest published to date. Salvage radiotherapy has its place in the management of patients with biochemical progression with local recurrence in the prostate bed, with an acceptable toxicity profile. The interest of the boost is to be evaluated in prospective trials.
Workplace Violence Against Chinese Frontline Clinicians During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Associations With Demographic and Clinical Characteristics and Quality of Life: A Structural Equation Modeling Investigation
Authors: Yang Yuan , Li Yue , An Ying , Zhao Yan-Jie , Zhang Ling , Cheung Teris , Hall Brian J. , Ungvari Gabor S. , An Feng-Rong , Xiang Yu-Tao 
Published: April 2021

Background: Workplace violence is a major concern for clinicians worldwide. There has been little data on the epidemiology of workplace violence against frontline clinicians during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined the pattern of workplace violence and its association with quality of life (QOL) against frontline clinicians during the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic in China.Methods: A cross-sectional online study was conducted in China between March 15 and March 20, 2020. Frontline clinicians' experience with workplace violence was measured with six standardized questions derived from the Workplace Violence Scale, while anxiety, depressive, and insomnia symptoms, and QOL were measured using the General Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire, the Patient Health Questionnaire, the Insomnia Severity Index, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire, respectively. Univariate analyses, multivariable logistic regression analyses, and structural equation modeling (SEM) were conducted.Results: A total of 15,531 clinicians completed the assessment; 2,878 (18.5, 95% CI = 17.92–19.14%) reported workplace violence during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic (verbal violence: 16.1%; physical violence: 6.9%). According to multivariable models, key correlates of workplace violence were male gender, longer work experience, higher education level, smoking, working in the psychiatry or emergency department, working in tertiary hospitals, being involved in direct care of infected patients, having infected family/ friends/ colleagues, and frequently using social communication programs. Clinicians working in inpatient departments were less likely to report workplace violence compared to those working in outpatient departments. SEM analysis revealed that both violence and emotional disturbances (anxiety, depression, and insomnia) directly affected QOL (standardized direct effect = −0.031, and −0.566, respectively, P &lt; 0.05), while emotional disturbances partly mediated the association between work violence and QOL (standardized indirect effect = −0.184, P &lt; 0.05).Conclusion: Frontline clinicians were vulnerable to workplace violence during the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the negative impact of workplace violence on quality of care and clinicians' QOL, health authorities and policymakers should take effective measures to reduce workplace violence against clinicians.
Deep Neural Network to Differentiate Brain Activity Between Patients With First-Episode Schizophrenia and Healthy Individuals: A Multi-Channel Near Infrared Spectroscopy Study
Authors: Chou Po-Han , Yao Yun-Han , Zheng Rui-Xuan , Liou Yi-Long , Liu Tsung-Te , Lane Hsien-Yuan , Yang Albert C. , Wang Shao-Cheng 
Published: April 2021

Backgrounds:Reduced brain cortical activity over the frontotemporal regions measured by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been reported in patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES). This study aimed to differentiate between patients with FES and healthy controls (HCs) on basis of the frontotemporal activity measured by NIRS with a support vector machine (SVM) and deep neural network (DNN) classifier. In addition, we compared the accuracy of performance of SVM and DNN.Methods:In total, 33 FES patients and 34 HCs were recruited. Their brain cortical activities were measured using NIRS while performing letter and category versions of verbal fluency tests (VFTs). The integral and centroid values of brain cortical activity in the bilateral frontotemporal regions during the VFTs were selected as features in SVM and DNN classifier.Results:Compared to HCs, FES patients displayed reduced brain cortical activity over the bilateral frontotemporal regions during both types of VFTs. Regarding the classifier performance, SVM reached an accuracy of 68.6%, sensitivity of 70.1%, and specificity of 64.6%, while DNN reached an accuracy of 79.7%, sensitivity of 88.8%, and specificity of 74.9% in the classification of FES patients and HCs.Conclusions:Compared to findings of previous structural neuroimaging studies, we found that using DNN to measure the NIRS signals during the VFTs to differentiate between FES patients and HCs could achieve a higher accuracy, indicating that NIRS can be used as a potential marker to classify FES patients from HCs. Future additional independent datasets are needed to confirm the validity of our model.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI NIAT MELAKUKAN PENGGELAPAN PAJAK
Authors: Karlina Yuliani , Kurniawan Asep , Umiyati Indah 
Published: April 2021

Indonesia is a developing country that needs funds to finance its development. In order to finance all the interests of the state in realizing a better national economy, an APBN (State Revenue and Expenditure Budget) is prepared. The taxation sector is the largest sector that contributes to the State Budget. However, in the implementation of tax revenue does not match the predetermined target, one of the causes of this is due to tax evasion by taxpayers.
This study aims to examine the factors that influence the intention to commit tax evasion. This research is a quantitative research with data collection techniques using a questionnaire distributed to taxpayers who are registered free workers at KPP Pratama Subang. The sample used in this study was 118 respondents using purposive sampling technique and an error rate of 5%. The analysis technique uses multiple linear regression analysis.
The results showed that the coefficient of determination R2 was 0.374, which means that the dependent variable could be explained by the independent variable at 37.4% and the remaining 62.6% was explained by other variables. The results of this study conclude that partially the variable love of money, tax system, tax justice, tax discrimination, and tax sanctions has no effect on tax evasion, while the variable understanding of taxation has a negative effect on tax evasion and the variable religiosity has a negative effect on tax evasion. Simultaneously, the variable love of money, tax system, tax justice, tax discrimination, understanding of taxation, taxation sanctions and religiosity have an effect on the variable tax evasion.
Experimental detection of liquid-phase OH radical decay originating from atmospheric-pressure plasma exposure
Authors: Takeda Kazuki , Sasaki Shota , Luo Wencheng , Takashima Keisuke , Kaneko Toshiro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Breaking-through methods for experimental observation on short-lived reactive species in the liquid phase, generated at the interface of atmospheric-pressure plasmas (APPs), can contribute greatly to an understanding of the reaction processes. A newly developed high-speed liquid flow interface in helium plasma transports APP-generated liquid-phase OH radical (·OH) by advection, enabling observation of rapid APP-generated ·OH decay within approximately 0.5 ms for the first time, to our best knowledge. This experimental detection and the deduced quantification of the rapid ·OH decay suggests a surface localization of ·OH, and thus can be an important finding to characterize the inhomogeneous ·OH distribution.
Pengaruh Motivasi, Budaya Organisasi, dan Kompensasi terhadap Kinerja Pegawai RSUD Kabupaten Cirebon
Authors: Komara Siti 
Published: April 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: Untuk menganalisis bagaimana pengaruh Motivasi, Budaya Organisasi, dan Kompensasi terhadap Kinerja Pegawai RSUD Kab. Cirebon. Peneliti ini menggunakan metode asosiatif, Metode penelitian asosiatif adalah penelitian yang bersifat menanyakan hubungan antara dua variabel atau lebih. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dengan bantuan perhitungan SPSS 17.0 for Windows diperoleh pengaruh untuk variabel Motivasi terhadap Kinerja Pegawai sebesar 37.1 %. Hal ini diperkuat dengan nilai thitung sebesar 2.268, sedangkan ttabel dengan derajat kebebasan (df) = 40 pada taraf signifikansi 0.05 sebesar 2.026. Dengan demikian, thitung > ttabel. Artinya Motivasi mempunyai pengaruh yang positif terhadap Kinerja Pegawai RSUD Kab. Cirebon. Variabel Motivasi (X1) berpengaruh yang tinggi terhadap kinerja pegawai (Y) secara, karena rhitung > rtabel atau 0.609 > 0.344, Sedangkan berdasarkan hasil uji regresi sederhana dimana nilai thitung > ttabel atau 2.268 > 2.026 dan nilai Sig 0.000 < 0.05 artinya H0 ditolak H1 diterima. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara parsial Motivasi terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap Kinerja Pegawai RSUD Kab.Cirebon. Jika hasil variabel Motivasi meningkat 1% terdapat kinerja pegawai sebesar 37.1%.
Hubungan Disiplin dan Kreatifitas Guru dengan Produktifitas Kerja Guru Di MTs Salafiyah Bode Plumbon Cirebon
Authors: Daimah Daimah 
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana hubungan disiplin dan kreativitas guru dengan produktivtas guru. metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survey. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Hubungan antara disiplin guru dengan produktivitas guru (rX1,X2) adalah kuat dan positif, dengan demikian hipotesis Ho ditolak dan H1 diterima. Hubungan tersebut merupakan hubungan yang linier; 2) Hubungan antara kreatifitas guru dengan produktivitas guru (rX2,Y) adalah kuat dan positif, dengan demikian hipotesis Ho ditolak dan H1 diterima. Hubungan tersebut merupakan hubungan yang linier. 3) Hubungan langsung antara disiplin guru dengan kreativitas secara bersama-sama (rX1,Y) adalah sangat kuat dan positif, dengan demikian hipotesis Ho ditolak dan H1 diterima. Hubungan tersebut merupakan hubungan yang linier.