bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The short‐lived inhibitory effect of Brachiaria humidicola on nitrous oxide emissions following sheep urine application in a highly nitrifying soil
Authors: Ma Yan , Charteris Alice F. , Loick Nadine , Cardenas Laura M. , Sha Zhipeng , López‐Aizpún María , Chen Qing , Jones Davey L. , Chadwick David R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundBrachiaria humidicola (Bh) has the ability to produce biological nitrification inhibitors (NIs) and release NIs from the root to the soil.AimsTo compare the effects of growing Bh with Brachiaria ruziziensis (Br, which is not able to produce NIs) on soil nitrogen (N) dynamics, N gases and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and nitrifiers and denitrifiers following sheep urine application, a laboratory incubation was conducted in a He/O2 continuous flow denitrification system (DENIS). This incubation was conducted in the absence of light. Hence the measured effects of Bh and Br on N cycling were the residual effect of biological NIs released into the soil prior to the incubation and released via root death.MethodsThe treatments were: (1) Bh with water application (Bh + W); (2) Bh with sheep urine (Bh + U); (3) Br with water application (Br + W); (4) Br with sheep urine (Br + U).ResultsResults showed that soil NO3– concentration increased significantly in the soil with sheep urine application after the incubation. Soil nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitric oxide (NO) emissions increased immediately after the sheep urine application and peaked twice during the incubation. Cumulative emissions for the first peak were significantly lower from the Bh + U treatment (0.054 kg N ha–1) compared with the Br + U treatment (0.111 kg N ha–1), but no significant differences were observed in the total cumulative N2O and NO emissions between the Bh + U and Br + U treatment at the end of the incubation. Sheep urine addition did not affect the AOA, nirS and nosZ gene copies, but significantly increased the AOB gene copies after the incubation.ConclusionsWe conclude that the residual effect of Bh to mitigate N2O emissions in a highly nitrifying soil is short‐lived.
The influence of anisotropy on compaction bands: The case of coaxiality between stress and fabric anisotropy tensors
Authors: Prassa Chara , Alevizos Sotiris , Veveakis Manolis , Dafalias Yannis F. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCompaction bands are localized failure patterns that appear in highly porous rock material under the effect of relatively high confining pressure. Being affected mainly by volumetric compression, these bands appear to be almost perpendicular to the most compressive principal stress of a stress state at the so‐called “cap” of the yield surface (YS). In this study, we focus on the mechanism that leads to the onset of compaction bands by using a viscoplasticity model able to describe the post‐localization response of these materials. The proposed constitutive framework is based on the overstress theory of Perzyna (1966) and the anisotropic clay plasticity model of Dafalias (1986), which provides not only the necessary “cap” of the YS, but introduces a rotational hardening (RH) mechanism, thus, accounting for the effect of fabric anisotropy. Following the analysis of Veveakis and Regenauer‐Lieb (2015), we identify the compaction bands as “static” cnoidal wave formations in the medium that occur at a post‐yield regime, and we study the effect of rotational and isotropic hardening on their onset. Moreover, we determine a theoretical range of confining pressures in triaxial compression tests for the compaction bands to develop. Under the assumption of coaxiality between stress and anisotropy tensors, the results show that the isotropic hardening promotes compaction localization, whereas the RH has a slightly negative effect on the onset of compaction localization.
Highly stretchable covalent adaptive networks enabled by dynamic boronic diester linkages with nitrogen→boron coordination
Authors: Lyu Zhenyu , Sun Shiqi , Wu Tongfei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCovalent adaptive networks (CANs), which can be topologically rearranged, are of remarkable versatility. Here, the collaboration of dynamic boronic diester linkages with nitrogen→boron coordination was used to develop catalyst‐free, highly stretchable CANs. The CANs with different cross‐link densities were prepared via one‐pot synthesis of poly(propylene glycol) diglycidyl ether, 3‐amino‐1,2‐propanediol and benzene‐1,4‐diboronic acid. They were found thermorheologically simple, of which the linear viscoelasticity obeyed the principle of time–temperature superposition. Their topological rearrangements activated by the reshuffling of dynamic linkages was slowed down, while the activation energy on complex viscosity decreased with increasing the cross‐link density. The CANs demonstrated great stretchability, malleability and self‐healing ability, which could be stretched to 15,000× its original length with no break at a strain rate up to 33.3 min−1. Furthermore, the reshuffling of dynamic linkages contributed to efficient energy dissipation with a maximum efficiency of 91% at room temperature.
Contemporary Czech migration policy: ‘Labour, not people’?
Authors: Stojanov Robert , Klvaňová Radka , Seidlová Aneta , Bureš Oldřich 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper offers an analysis of the Czech migration policy since the so‐called European Union (EU) migration crisis in 2015 and its key instruments when it comes to migrant workers from third (non‐EU) countries. On the basis of semi‐structured interviews with 80 experts on various aspects of migration policymaking, we identified three key features of Czech migration policymaking: (i) perception of migration as a threat, (ii) orientation on temporary labour migration and (iii) lack of coherent and systematic conceptual approach towards migration. Jointly, these features explain a central paradox of the contemporary Czech migration policy: the contradiction between a strong anti‐immigration political discourse and the actual numbers of immigrants that has been rising steadily. Similarly to other European countries, there has been a growing tendency towards selectiveness in Czech migration policy, manifested in recent instruments specifically focused on attracting highly qualified migrants. However, the selection criteria are mainly based on the country of origin, and the quotas for incoming migrants reflect the existing administrative capacities and short‐term needs of the current Czech labour market for low‐ and middle‐qualified professionals rather than long‐term economic goals and demographic needs. Since the global economic recession (2008–2010), Czech migration policies have still not genuinely considered the fact that it is people, rather than just ‘labour’, who come to the Czech Republic.
Monopoles and dualities in 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 quivers
Authors: Benvenuti Sergio , Garozzo Ivan , Monaco Gabriele Lo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Seiberg-like dualities in 2 + 1d quiver gauge theories with 4 supercharges are investigated. We consider quivers made of various combinations of classical gauge groups U(N), Sp(N), SO(N) and SU(N). Our main focus is the mapping of the supersymmetric monopole operators across the dual theories. There is a simple general rule that encodes the mapping of the monopoles upon dualizing a single node. This rule dictates the mapping of all the monopoles which are not dressed by baryonic operators. We also study more general situations involving baryons and baryon-monopoles, focussing on three examples: SU − Sp, SO − SO and SO − Sp quivers.
Gravitational waves from first-order phase transitions in Majoron models of neutrino mass
Authors: Di Bari Pasquale , Marfatia Danny , Zhou Ye-Ling 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We show how the generation of right-handed neutrino masses in Majoron models may be associated with a first-order phase transition and accompanied by the production of a stochastic background of gravitational waves (GWs). We explore different energy scales with only renormalizable operators in the effective potential. If the phase transition occurs above the electroweak scale, the signal can be tested by future interferometers. We consider two possible energy scales for phase transitions below the electroweak scale. If the phase transition occurs at a GeV, the signal can be tested at LISA and provide a complementary cosmological probe to right-handed neutrino searches at the FASER detector. If the phase transition occurs below 100 keV, we find that the peak of the GW spectrum is two or more orders of magnitude below the putative NANOGrav GW signal at low frequencies, but well within reach of the SKA and THEIA experiments. We show how searches of very low frequency GWs are motivated by solutions to the Hubble tension in which ordinary neutrinos interact with the dark sector. We also present general calculations of the phase transition temperature and Euclidean action that apply beyond Majoron models.
No-scale gauge non-singlet inflation inducing TeV scale inverse seesaw mechanism
Authors: Moursy Ahmad 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We develop a model of sneutrino inflation that is charged under U(1)B−L gauge symmetry, in no-scale supergravity framework. The model provides an interesting modification of tribrid inflation. We impose U(1)R symmetry on the renormalizable level while allow Planck suppressed non-renormalizable operators that break R-symmetry. This plays a crucial role in realizing a Starobinsly-like inflation scenario from one hand. On the other hand it plays an essential role, as well as SUSY breaking effects, in deriving the tiny neutrino masses via TeV inverse seesaw mechanism. Thus, we provide an interpretation for the extremely small value of the μS mass parameter required for inverse seesaw mechanism. We discuss a reheating scenario and possible constraints on the model parameter space in connection to neutrino masses.
Pragmatic authenticated key agreement for IEEE Std 802.15.6
Authors: Khan Haibat , Dowling Benjamin , Martin Keith M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe IEEE Std 802.15.6 is the latest international standard for Wireless Body Area Networks. The security of communication in this standard is based upon four elliptic-curve-based key agreement protocols. These protocols have been shown to exhibit serious security vulnerabilities but surprisingly, do not provision any privacy guarantees. To date, no suitable key agreement protocol has been proposed which fulfills all the requisite objectives for IEEE Std 802.15.6. In this paper, two key agreement protocols are presented which, in addition to being efficient and provisioning advance security properties, also offer the essential privacy attributes of anonymity and unlinkability. We develop a formal security and privacy model in an appropriate complexity-theoretic framework and prove the proposed protocols secure in this model.
Python software to transform GPS SNR wave phases to volumetric water content
Authors: Martín Angel , Anquela Ana Belén , Ibáñez Sara , Baixauli Carlos , Blanc Sara 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe global navigation satellite system interferometric reflectometry is often used to extract information about the environment surrounding the antenna. One of the most important applications is soil moisture monitoring. This manuscript presents the main ideas and implementation decisions needed to write the Python code to transform the derived phase of the interferometric GPS waves, obtained from signal-to-noise ratio data continuously observed during a period of several weeks (or months), to volumetric water content. The main goal of the manuscript is to share the software with the scientific community to help users in the GPS-IR computation.
Qarakhanids on the Edge of the Bukhara Oasis: Archaeobotany of Medieval Paykend
Authors: Mir-Makhamad Basira , Mirzaakhmedov Sirojidin , Rahmonov Husniddin , Stark Sören , Omel’chenko Andrey , Spengler Robert N. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe urban center of Paykend was an exchange node just off the main corridor of the Silk Road in the Bukhara Oasis on the edge of the hyperarid Kyzyl–Kum Desert. The city was occupied from the end of 4 century B.C.E. to the mid–12 century C.E.; our study focuses on the Qarakhanid period (C.E. 999 – 1211), the last imperial phase of urban occupation at Paykend before its abandonment. In this study, we present the results of an analysis of archaeobotanical remains recovered from a multifunction rabat, which appears to have comprised a domicile, military structure, center of commerce, and/or a caravanserai, a roadside inn for travelers. We shed light on how people adapted a productive economy to the local ecological constraints. By adding these data to the limited Qarakhanid archaeobotany from across Central Asia, we provide the first glimpses into cultivation, commerce, and consumption at a Silk Road trading town along the King’s Road, the central artery of ancient Eurasia.
Effects of Local Administration of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in the Prefrontal Cortex, Striatum, and Hippocampus of Rats
Authors: Irrsack Ellen , Schuller Julia , Petters Charlotte , Willmann Wiebke , Dringen Ralf , Koch Michael 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are used for diverse medical approaches, although the potential health risks, for example adverse effects on brain functions, are not fully clarified. Several in vitro studies demonstrated that the different types of brain cells are able to accumulate IONPs and reported a toxic potential for IONPs, at least for microglia. However, little information is available for the in vivo effects of direct application of IONPs into the brain over time. Therefore, we examined the cellular responses and the distribution of iron in the rat brain at different time points after local infusion of IONPs into selected brain areas. Dispersed IONPs or an equivalent amount of low molecular weight iron complex ferric ammonium citrate or vehicle were infused into the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), the caudate putamen (CPu), or the dorsal hippocampus (dHip). Rats were sacrificed 1 day, 1 week, or 4 weeks post-infusion and brain sections were histologically examined for treatment effects on astrocytes, microglia, and neurons. Glial scar formation was observed in the mPFC and CPu 1 week post-infusion independent of the substance and probably resulted from the infusion procedure. Compared to vehicle, IONPs did not cause any obvious additional adverse effects and no additional tissue damage, while the infusion of ferric ammonium citrate enhanced neurodegeneration in the mPFC. Results of iron staining indicate that IONPs were mainly accumulated in microglia. Our results demonstrate that local infusions of IONPs in selected brain areas do not cause any additional adverse effects or neurodegeneration compared to vehicle.
Hydrogel sphere impact cratering, spreading and bouncing on granular media
Authors: Ye Xiaoyan , van der Meer Devaraj 
Published: October 2021

The impact of a hydrogel sphere onto a granular target results in both the deformation of the sphere and the formation of a prominent topographic feature known as an impact crater on the granular surface. We investigate the crater formation and scaling, together with the spreading diameter and post-impact dynamics of spheres by performing a series of experiments, varying the Young's modulus

$Y$

and impact speed

$U_{0}$

of the hydrogel spheres, and the packing fraction and grain size of the granular target. We determine how the crater diameter and depth depend on

$Y$

and show the data to be consistent with those from earlier experiments using droplets and hard spheres. Most specifically, we find that the crater diameter data are consistent with a power law, where the power exponent changes more sharply when

$Y$

becomes less than 200 Pa. Next, we introduce an estimate for the portion of the impact kinetic energy that is stored as elastic energy during impact, and thus correct the energy that remains available for crater formation. Subsequently, we determine the deformation of the hydrogel spheres and find that the normalized spreading diameter data are well collapsed introducing an equivalent velocity from an energy balance of the initial kinetic energy against surface and elastic energy. Finally, we observe that under certain intermediate values for the Young's modulus and impact velocities, the particles rebound from the impact crater. We determine the phase diagram and explain our findings from a comparison of the elastocapillary spreading time and the impact duration.
A fully-coupled 3D model of a large Greenlandic outlet glacier with evolving subglacial hydrology, frontal plume melting and calving
Authors: Cook Samuel J. , Christoffersen Poul , Todd Joe 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe present the first fully coupled 3D full-Stokes model of a tidewater glacier, incorporating ice flow, subglacial hydrology, plume-induced frontal melting and calving. We apply the model to Store Glacier (Sermeq Kujalleq) in west Greenland to simulate a year of high melt (2012) and one of low melt (2017). In terms of modelled hydrology, we find perennial channels extending 5 km inland from the terminus and up to 41 and 29 km inland in summer 2012 and 2017, respectively. We also report a hydrodynamic feedback that suppresses channel growth under thicker ice inland and allows water to be stored in the distributed system. At the terminus, we find hydrodynamic feedbacks exert a major control on calving through their impact on velocity. We show that 2012 marked a year in which Store Glacier developed a fully channelised drainage system, unlike 2017, where it remained only partially developed. This contrast in modelled behaviour indicates that tidewater glaciers can experience a strong hydrological, as well as oceanic, control, which is consistent with observations showing glaciers switching between types of behaviour. The fully coupled nature of the model allows us to demonstrate the likely lack of any hydrological or ice-dynamic memory at Store Glacier.
Improved swallow outcomes with early intervention using combined swallow therapy in advanced oropharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Kwon D I , Villegas B C , Ouyoung L M , Sinha U K 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of early intervention using combined swallow therapy, consisting of traditional swallow exercises and transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation, on patients with advanced oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.MethodsA cohort study of 60 prospectively enrolled patients was performed. Thirty patients with advanced oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma starting combined swallow therapy two weeks after surgery that continued throughout chemoradiotherapy were compared with a matched cohort of 30 patients starting combined swallow therapy after cancer treatment completion. Gastrostomy tube status, modified barium swallow, and Functional Oral Intake Scale scores were assessed before and after therapy.ResultsBoth cohorts demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in Functional Oral Intake Scale scores. All patients in the early intervention cohort discontinued gastrostomy tube use, compared with one-third in the control cohort, with greater improvements in Functional Oral Intake Scale scores. The tongue base was the site of greatest improvement in the early intervention group.ConclusionEarly initiation of combined swallow therapy may optimise swallow outcomes in patients with advanced oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
Does turbinate reduction combined with septoplasty have better outcomes than septoplasty alone? A randomised, controlled study
Authors: Seden N , Araz Server E , Yigit O , Misir E 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigated whether inferior turbinate reduction combined with septoplasty improves patients’ outcomes, as assessed by objective and subjective methods.MethodsA single-centre, parallel-group, randomised, open-label trial was conducted at a tertiary hospital ENT clinic. Patients who underwent septoplasty were divided into two groups: group A underwent septoplasty with radiofrequency ablation; group B underwent only septoplasty. All patients were assessed before and three months after surgery using acoustic rhinometry and peak nasal inspiratory flow measurements, as well as Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation scale and Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 scores.ResultsSeventy-four patients completed the study (36 in group A and 38 in group B). The patients in both groups showed significant improvements in acoustic rhinometry and peak nasal inspiratory flow measurements and in Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation scale and Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 scores after the surgery (p < 0.05). However, the differences between the groups were not significant (p > 0.05).ConclusionInferior turbinate ablation combined with septoplasty does not provide any more benefit to the objective and subjective outcomes of patients than septoplasty alone.
TRIPS Pluralism
Authors: Gervais Daniel J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe article explains that the interpretation of the TRIPS Agreement by WTO dispute-settlement panels and the Appellate Body has palpably shifted since the establishment of the WTO in 1995. Some of this shift is also arguably present in disputes concerning other WTO instruments. This progressive shift comes at a time when key debates about TRIPS waivers are taking place on the rue de Lausanne, namely a first for the COVID-19 pandemic and a second possible one for environmental protection measures related to climate change. According to the proposed pluralist analysis of TRIPS, it was less likely as of 2020 that the WTO dispute-settlement system would find unjustifiable inconsistencies between WTO commitments, on the one hand, and measures to protect public health or mitigate climate change, on the other hand. Whether future Appellate Body will follow that jurisprudence is an open question. Though the analysis contained in the article may make the COVID-related TRIPS waivers doctrinally unnecessary and allow Members to take measures now, its main aim is to inform the debates about the waivers and the future interpretation of the TRIPS Agreement, including the three-step test.
Anorektale und perineale Schmerzen
Authors: Kugener André , Baumann Philippe 
Published: October 2021

Zusammenfassung. Anorektalen Schmerzen liegen meistens organische Erkrankungen im Sinne einer Analfissur, Perianalvenenthrombose, Proktitis, Hämorrhoidalleiden oder gar einer Neoplasie zu Grunde. Die digital rektale Untersuchung wird leider oft vernachlässigt, obwohl anhand dieser die Problematik häufig eingegrenzt werden kann. Allzuoft wird jedoch kein klinisches Korrelat für die Schmerzen gefunden. Spätestens dann kommen, nach Ausschluss einer relevanten Pathologie in der apparativen Diagnostik, die Differentialdiagnosen der funktionellen anorektalen Schmerzen und Pathologien des Beckenbodens mit Ausstrahlung ins Perineum ins Spiel. Namentlich handelt es sich um die Proctalgia fugax, das Levator-ani-Syndrom, die Coccygodynie, die chronische Prostatitis und die interstitielle Zystitis. Die Proctalgia fugax dauert max. 30 min an und die Diagnose stellt sich anhand der Anamnese. Die Therapie ist supportiv (Massage, Sitzbäder, Analdilatation, Vasodilatatoren). Das Levator-ani-Syndroms ist durch eine Schmerzdauer über 30 Minuten und einer schmerzhaften Abtastung der Puborektalschlinge charakterisiert. Durch eine Biofeedbacktherapie, Sitzbäder, Massage oder Neurostimulation kann eine Symptomlinderung erreicht werden. Die neuropathischen und urogenitalen Schmerzbilder mit perinealer Schmerzausstrahlung werden konservativ mit Analgetika, schmerzmodulierenden Antidepressiva oder Antikonvulsiva behandelt. Alternativ kann eine Infiltrationstherapie der Triggerpunkte vorgenommen werden. Die Coccygodynie zählt nicht zu den funktionellen Erkrankungen. Durch gezielte Manipulationen des Steissbeines kann teils eine rasche Beschwerdebesserung erreicht werden.