bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Antibiotics on the Gut Microbiota in Children With Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors: Wang Wei , Xiao Yuan , Ma Shuang , Wang Xinqiong , Zhou Yiran , Wang Ting , Xv Chundi , Gong Biao , Shen Bai-Yong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Little is known about the effect of antibiotic treatment on the gut microbiota in children with chronic pancreatitis (CCP). Our objective was to identify the main gut microbiota genera and characterize these patients’ functional mutations after using antibiotics.METHODS: The 16S rRNA sequencing method was used to compare the gut microbiota of healthy controls (HCs) with CCP using and not using antibiotics.RESULTS: All CCP demonstrated a significantly reduced alpha diversity of the gut microbiota (P＜0.01). The gut microbiota's alpha diversity and the abundance of genera’s beta diversity did not show statistical differences between the non-antibiotics and antibiotics groups. There were 15 altered genera with common abundance in the non-antibiotics and antibiotics groups compared to the HC group. The area under the curve (AUC) of the top three probiotics, i.e., Faecalibacterium, Eubacterium, and Subdoligranulum, was 0.91. Among the 13 genera altered in the non-antibiotics group, the top three genera were not appropriate as biomarkers for cases receiving antibiotics. Compared to these 13 genera, the differences between the genera and the proportion of gram-positive bacteria in the 17 genera altered only in the antibiotics group were not statistically significant. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis indicated that the antibiotics caused alterations in the abundance of certain genera. The enriched functions and the altered gut microbiota in the two groups had their enriched functions.CONCLUSIONS: The use of antibiotics affects the gut microbiota of CCP, but the effect of disease on gut microbiota is still obvious.
Capacity losses due to solid electrolyte interphase formation and sodium diffusion in sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Ma Le Anh , Buckel Alexander , Nyholm Leif , Younesi Reza 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Knowledge about capacity losses due to the formation and dissolution of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) is still limited. One major challenge in SIBs is the fact that the SEI generally contains more soluble species than the corresponding SEI layers formed in Li-ion batteries. By cycling carbon black electrodes against Na-metal electrodes, to mimic the SEI formation on negative SIB electrodes, this study studies the associated capacity losses in different carbonate electrolyte systems. Using electrochemical testing and synchrotron-based X-ray photoelectron (XPS) experiments, the capacity losses due to changes in the SEI layer and diffusion of sodium in the carbon black electrodes during open circuit pauses of 50 h, 30 h, 15 h and 5 h are investigated in nine different electrolyte systems. The different contributions to the open circuit capacity loss were determined using a new approach involving different galvanostatic cycling protocols. It is shown that the capacity loss depends on the interplay between the electrolyte chemistry and the thickness and stability of the SEI layer. The results show, that the Na-diffusion into the bulk electrode gives rise to a larger capacity loss than the SEI dissolution. Hence, Na-trapping effect is one of the major contribution in the observed capacity losses. Furthermore, the SEI formed in NaPF6-EC:DEC was found to become slightly thicker during 50 h pause, due to self-diffused deintercalation of Na from the carbon black structure coupled by further electrolyte reduction. On the other hand, the SEI in NaTFSI with the same solvent goes into dissolution during pause. The highest SEI dissolution rate and capacity loss was observed in NaPF6-EC:DEC (0.57 μAh/hpause) and the lowest in NaTFSI-EC:DME (0.15 μAh/hpause).
Estimating Trends in COVID-19 Infected Cases Based on Panel Data Regression Modelling
Authors: ARUNACHALAM RAJARATHINAM , PAKKIRISAMY TAMILSELVAN 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background and Objective: The novel coronavirus pandemic, known as COVID-19, could not have been more predictable; thus, the world encountered health crises and substantial economic crises. This paper analysed the trends in COVID-19 cases in October 2020 in four southern districts of Tamil Nadu state, India, using a panel regression model. Materials and Methods: Panel data on the number of COVID-19-infected cases were collected from daily bulletins published through the official website www.stopcorona.tn.gov.in maintained by the Government of Tamil Nadu state, India. Panel data regression models were employed to study the trends. EViews Ver.11. Software was used to estimate the model and its parameters. Results: In all four districts, the COVID-19-infected case data followed a normal distribution. Maximum numbers of COVID-19-infected cases were registered in Kanniyakumari, followed by Tirunelveli, Thoothukudi and Tenkasi districts. The fewest COVID-19 cases were registered in Tenkasi, followed by Tirunelveli, Thoothukudi and Kanniyakumari districts. A random effects model was found to be an appropriate model to study the trend.Conclusion: The panel data regression model is found to be more appropriate than traditional models. The Hausman test and Wald test confirmed the selection of the random effects model. The Jarque-Bera normality test ensured the normality of the residuals. In all four districts under study, the number of COVID-19 infections showed a decreasing trend at a rate of 1.68% during October 2020.
Geographical Distribution and Impact of Backyard Chicken Varieties in India: A Retrospective Assessment
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Ullengala Rajkumar , Prince L L L , Rao S V Rama , Chatterjee R N 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The data collected on distribution of improved chicken varieties over the past 25 years (1992–2017) from the ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad (ICAR-DPR), poultry seed project centres (PSP) and other Government agencies who had taken parent stock from ICAR-DPR, were analysed to estimate the impact of the backyard poultry. A total of 7.56 million improved chicken germplasm (27%) to 20.37 thousand stakeholders from ICAR-DPR, Hyderabad and 1.7 million (6.09 %) to 28.38 thousand stakeholders from PSP were distributed during 1992–2017. Other agencies distributed 18.67 million (66.85%) germplasm to 311.17 thousand stakeholders. The majority of the beneficiaries were from southern region (35%) followed by central (23.4%) and eastern (20.8%) region of the country. Of the total varieties, Vanaraja constituted about 52% of the total germplasm followed by Gramapriya (38%). The share of improved chicken germplasm increased from 0.01 (1992) to 0.41% (2012) in the poultry population of India i.e., from 100 to 9433 indices as compared to 100 to 244 of the country. Contribution of improved germplasm to the Indian economy increased from 1.9 (8th plan) to 62. 5 (12th Plan) million USD. The total contribution during the 25 years was estimated to be about 168.7 million USD to Indian economy. Higher productivity of birds increased the income leading to socio-economic development of farmers. The study concluded that backyard poultry significantly contributed to the national economy and improved the livelihoods of the rural and tribal people, which needs to be further strengthened across the different geographical regions of the country.
Global Epidemic Trend Analysis of Influenza Type B Drug Resistance Sites From 2006 To 2018
Authors: Li He , Dong Wei , Yu Die , Qian Dan , Yue Lihuan , Wang Jing , Jiu Yaming , Hu Yihong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Influenza is a severe respiratory viral infection that causes significant morbidity and mortality, due to annual epidemics and unpredictable pandemics. At present, drugs used in influenza virus B infection treatment are mainly neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs). With the extensive use of NAI drugs, the influenza virus B has carried different drug-resistant mutations. This study aims to analyze the drug resistance mutations of the NA sequence in Flu B and provide guidance for clinical medication.Methods: Near full-length sequences of the NA region of all influenza B viruses from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2018 were downloaded from public databases GISAID and NCBI. Multiple sequence alignments were performed using Clustal Omega 1.2.4 software. Subsequently, phylogenetic trees were constructed by FastTree 2.1.11 and clustered by ClusterPickergui_1.2.3.JAR. Then, the major drug resistance sites and surrounding auxiliary sites were analyzed by Mega-X and Weblogo (http://weblogo.threeplusone.com/) tools.Results: Among the amino acid sequences of neuraminidase (NA) from 2006 to 2018, only Cluster 4 in 2018 carried D197N mutation of NA active site, while other drug resistance sites were conserved without mutation. According to the Weblogo analysis, a large number of N198, S295, K373, and K375 mutations were found in the amino acid residues at the auxiliary sites surround D197, N294, and R374 in the influenza B virus.Conclusion: We found the D197N mutation in Cluster 4 of the 2018 influenza B virus, with a large number of N198, S295, K373, and K375 mutations in the helper sites around N197, N294, R374 from 2006 to 2018. NA inhibitors are currently the only kind of specific antiviral agent for the influenza B virus, although these mutations cause mild NAIs resistance.
Comprehensive Evaluation and Analysis of the Salinity Stress Response Mechanisms Based on Transcriptome and Metabolome of Staphylococcus Aureus
Authors: Feng Ying , Gu Dizhou , Wang Ziyan , Lu Chenyang , Fan Jingfeng , Zhou Jun , Wang Rixin , Su Xiurong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus possesses an extraordinary ability to deal with a wide range of osmotic pressure. To performed transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses on the potential mechanism of gradient salinity stress adaptation in S. aureus ZS01. The results revealed that CPS biosynthetic protein genes were candidate target genes for directly regulating the phenotypic changes of biofilm. Inositol phosphate metabolism was downregulated to reduce the conversion of functional molecules. Gluconeogenesis pathway was downregulated to reduce the production of endogenous glucose. Pyruvate metabolism pathway was upregulated to promote the accumulation of succinate. TCA cycle metabolism pathway was downregulated to reduce unnecessary energy loss. These self-protection mechanisms can protect cells from hypertonic environments, and help them focus on survival. In addition, we identified 10 hub genes. The findings will aid in the prevention and treatment strategies of S. aureus infections.
Using the Angle Index to Assess COVID-19 Damage at the Early Stage and Throughout 2020 in Comparison of Mathematical Models
Authors: Yang Daw-Hsin , Chien Tsair-wei , Chou Willy , Tsai Kang-Ting 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background:The negative impacts of COVID-19 are commonly assessed using the cumulative numbers of confirmed cases. However, whether different mathematical models yield disparate results based on varying time frames remains unclear. The angle index was proposed in this study to measure the negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods:Data used in this work were downloaded from the GitHub website. Three mathematical models were examined in two time-frame scenarios during the COVID-19 pandemic (early 20-day stage and the entire year of 2020). The angle index was determined by the ratio of a cumulative number of confirmed cases (CNCCs) divided by the inflection point. To evaluate the model’s accuracy and the prediction power in the two time-frame scenarios, both the R2 model and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) were used. The following findings were obtained: (1) the exponential growth (EXPO) and item response theory (IRT) models are superior to the quadratic equation (QE) model at the earlier outbreak stage; (2) the IRT model had a higher model R2 and smaller MAPE than the EXPO model in 2020; (3) Hubei Province in China had the highest angle index at the early stage; and (4) India, California (US), and the UK had the highest angle indexes in 2020. Results:The following findings were obtained: (1) the exponential growth (EXPO) and item response theory (IRT) models are superior to the quadratic equation (QE) model at the earlier outbreak stage; (2) the IRT model had a higher model R2 and smaller MAPE than the EXPO model in 2020; (3) Hubei Province in China had the highest angle index at the early stage; and (4) India, California (US), and the UK had the highest angle indexes in 2020.Conclusion:The three proposed models are available for measuring the negative impacts of COVID-19. Thus, the IRT model (superior in the long term) and the EXPO model (better at the early stage) are recommended to epidemiologists and policymakers for the effective management of disease outbreak.
In situ Imaging for Multiplex Tumor Microbiome Interactions via Imaging Mass Cytometry on Single-Cell Level
Authors: Feng Zijian , Ding Xianting , Shen Guangxia , Hu Yuli , Wang Xin , Li Yiyang , Zhang Lulu , He Jie , Li Hongxia , Zhang Ting , Yu Youyi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Co-detection of multiplex cancer subtypes and bacteria subtypes in situ is crucial for understanding tumor microbiome interactions in tumor microenvironment. Current standard techniques such as immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence staining are limited for their multiplicity. Simultaneously visualizing detailed cell subtypes and bacteria distribution across the same pathological section remains a major technical challenge. Results: Herein, we developed a rapid semi-quantitative method for in situ imaging of bacteria and multiplex cell phenotypes on the same solid tumor tissue sections. We designed a panel of antibody probes labeled with mass tags, namely prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell hybrid probes for in situ imaging (PEHPSI). For application demonstration, PEHPSI stained two bacteria subtypes (lipopolysaccharides (LPS) for Gram-negative bacteria and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) for Gram-positive bacteria) simultaneously with four types of immune cells (leukocytes, CD8+T-cells, B-cells and macrophages) and four breast cancer subtypes (classified by a panel of 12 human proteins) on the same tissue section. Conclusions: We unveiled that breast cancer cells are commonly enriched with Gram-negative bacteria and almost absent of Gram-positive bacteria, regardless of the cancer subtypes (triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), HER2+, Luminal A and Luminal B). Further analysis revealed that on the single-cell level, Gram-negative bacteria have a significant correlation with CD8+T-cells only in HER2+ breast cancer, while PKCD, ER, PR and Ki67 are correlated with Gram-negative bacteria in the other three subtypes of breast cancers. On the cell population level, in TNBC, CD19 expression intensity is up-regulated by approximately 25% in bacteria-enriched cells, while for HER2+, Luminal A and Luminal B breast cancers, the intensity of biomarkers associated with the malignancy, metastasis and proliferation of cancer cells (PKCD, ISG15 and IFI6) is down-regulated by 29-38%. The flexible and expandable PEHPSI system permits intuitive multiplex co-visualization of bacteria and mammalian cells, which facilitates future research on tumor microbiome and tumor pathogenesis.
Risk Factors for Digital Stress in German Public Administrations
Authors: Wrede Sammy Joelle Shirley , Anjos Dominique Rodil dos , Kettschau Jan Patrick , Claaßen Kevin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective: While the digitization of the working world progresses, the demands on employees are changing. Not least this is true for the setting of public administrations in Germany which is currently affected by the transformation to E-Government. This study aims at identifying and describing a risk cluster of digitally stressed employees in those public administrations. Methods: An online sample of 710 employees from three public administrations in North Rhine-Westphalia was asked about digital stress (7 items) and several potential risk factors (19 items) which were derived from current research. In a first step, a hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis is used to detect the risk cluster. This is followed by a comparison to the group of the remaining employees regarding their risk profiles. Results: The analysis states, that the cluster of digitally stressed takes around ten percent of the public administration’s employees of the total sample. Employees in the risk cluster are less satisfied with on-site work overall, experience less collegial support on-site, experience less collegial support in the home office, resign more often, are more likely to feel overwhelmed, are less educated, are older in age and more often have relatives in need of care.Conclusion: This work managed to identify and describe a group of digitally stressed, rather than left-behind employees in public administrations to bring awareness to potentially destructive factors in the digital transformation process, but eventually to social inequalities as well. The findings offer the basis for interventions to arise as well as it evokes potential for further research.
A Retrospective Study on the Clinical Effect of Uterine Artery Embolization Combined with Cervical Double Balloon for Patients with Complete Placenta Previa Undergoing Pregnancy Termination in the Second Trimester
Authors: Li Ruobing , Du Shuguo , Peng Jing , Zheng Xuan , Wu Shiyao , Ma Hongwen , Yang Hui , Li Min , Tang Fei , Qin Qi , Zhao Yun , Yin Heng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Pregnancy termination in the second trimester is a complex and delicate situation for patients with complete placenta previa (CPP), which has less been reported. The objective of this research was to investigate and evaluate the clinical effect of uterine artery embolization(UAE) combined with cervical double balloon(CDB) for patients with CPP. Methods We conducted a retrospective study based on a large medical center. The medical records of patients who were diagnosed with CPP and treated UAE combined with CDB for termination in the second trimester in our hospital from January 2017 and March 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical outcomes were analyzed.Results A total of 11 patients with CPP were included in this study. Prenatal diagnosis of CPP was realized by trans-vaginal ultrasound. The average age was 34.2 years old, and the gestational week was 21.6 weeks. Of the selected patients, 3 cases (3/11) had previous caesarean delivery, 5 cases were at older maternal age (≥35 years old), 10 cases underwent emergency UAE for prenatal bleeding equal or up to 400 mL and 1 case underwent prophylactic UAE for placenta percreta, and all cases underwent CDB to promote cervical ripening. It was worth noting that 5 cases (5/11) of selected patients underwent curettage to take out fetus and placenta. The uterus preservation was achieved in all 11 patients. The complications associated with conservative management included prenatal hemorrhaging (10/11), blood transfusion (5/11), fever (2/11), and septicemia (1/11). The mean dilation of cervix was from 0cm to 1.9cm, the length of cervix was from 3.5cm to 0.6cm and the Bishop scores were from 1.5 to 7.3 after using CDB, the changes of cervical conditions were statistically significant (p＜0.05). The levels of WBC and CRP were higher after termination with medicine+UAE+CDB and/or curettage. Conclusion The adjuvant therapy of UAE, CDB, and/curettage step by step is a preferred choice for patients with CPP who underwent pregnancy termination in the second trimester.
Hydrogen Peroxide Can Be a Plausible Biomarker in Cyanobacterial Bloom Treatment
Authors: Asaeda Takashi , Rahman Mizanur , Abeynayaka Helayaye Damitha Lakmali 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The effect of combined stresses, photoinhibition and nutrient depletion, on the oxidative stress of cyanobacteria was measured in laboratory experiments, to develop the biomass prediction model. Phormidium ambiguum was exposed to various photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) intensities and phosphorous concentrations with fixed nitrogen concentration. The samples were subjected to stress assays by detecting hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration and antioxidant activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). H2O2 concentration decreased to 30 µmolm-2s-1 of PAR, then increased further with higher PAR intensity. Regarding phosphorus concentration, H2O2 concentration generally decreased with increasing phosphorus concentration. SOD and CAT activities were proportionate to the H2O2 protein-1. No H2O2 concentration detected outside of cells indicated the biological production of H2O2, and the accumulated H2O2 concentration inside cells was parameterized with H2O2 concentration protein-1. Over 30 µmolm-2s-1 of PAR, H2O2 concentration protein-1 had a similar increasing trend with PAR intensity, independently of phosphorous concentration. Meanwhile, with increasing phosphorous concentration, H2O2 protein-1 decreased in a similar pattern regardless of PAR intensity. Protein content decreased with increasing H2O2 gradually up to 4nmol H2O2 mg-1protein, which provides a threshold to restrict the growth of cyanobacteria. With these results. an empirical formula was developed to obtain the cyanobacteria biomass.
On Site Production of [18F]-PSMA1007 Using Different [18F]-fluoride Activities. Practical, Technical and Economical Impact.
Authors: Maisto Costantina , Morisco Anna , de Marino Roberta , Elisabetta Squame , Porfidia Valentina , D'ambrosio Laura , Martino Daria Di , Gaballo Paolo , Aurilio Michela , Buonanno Monica , Esposito Aureliana , Raddi Marco , Lastoria Secondo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundProstate-Specific Membrane Antigen is overexpressed in prostate cancer and it is considered a good target for staging of primary and recurrences as well as for radioligand therapy. Different PSMA-analogues have been investigated, labeled with [68Ga], showing excellent imaging properties; although, only small amounts can be produced for single synthesis. Recently, a fluorinated PSMA-inhibitor, [18F]-PSMA-1007, has been introduced, ensuring large-scale productions. In this study, the radiosynthesis of [18F]-PSMA-1007 using low (A), medium (B) and high (C) starting activities of [18F]-Fluoride, has been fully tested. The following parameters radiochemical yield, radiochemical purity and stability of [18F]-PSMA-1007 have been measured in 65, consecutive batches to verify the effects of the three different conditions. In addition, the analysis of the costs for the production has been performed. ResultsThe radiochemical yield percentage for low and medium range of activities of [18F]-Fluoride was 52%, while for the high range it decreases to 40%. The radiochemical purity was 99% in all three tested starting activities. [18F]-PSMA-1007 did not show radiolysis up to 8 hours after the end of synthesis, confirming that the radiopharmaceutical is stable an suitable for PET studies in humans. Furthermore, stability studies performed in fetal bovine serum demonstrated radiochemical stability at 37°C for 120’. ConclusionsA starting activity of [18F]-Fluoride of 90 GBq (range B) enables a final amount of [18F]-PSMA-1007 of about 50 GBq, which is powerful for different choices: to perform up to 25 PET/CT scans in a referral institution for prostate cancer, and/or to supply the eventual peripheral PET centers.