bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drivers of the circumferential variation of stemflow inputs on the boles of Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine)
Authors: Pinos Juan , Latron Jérôme , Levia Delphis F. , Llorens Pilar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe spatial variability of stemflow on the bole of trees has rarely been the focal point of stemflow studies, despite its potential importance for stemflow‐induced changes to soils. This study helps close this data gap by supplying quantitative data on possible drivers of circumferential variation of stemflow on the boles of two Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine). Hence, the objectives of the present study were to quantify the circumferential spatial variability of stemflow on tree stems and to assess how some biotic and abiotic factors affect this variability. Continuous stemflow data observed for two trees within a mature stand of Scots pine during a 20‐month period (May 2018 to December 2019) showed the existence of preferential flowpaths around the stem, with patterns of stemflow distribution differing between the two trees. Data suggest that biotic factors (trunk lean, bark morphology and tree neighbourhood) have a greater influence on stemflow distribution on tree stems than abiotic factors (rainfall intensity peaks). Our comprehensive spatio‐temporal fine‐scale measurements strongly support prior observations of non‐uniform stemflow. Further studies of stemflow distribution across tree species and aboveground vegetative surfaces are needed to improve our mechanistic understanding of stemflow dynamics vis‐à‐vis rainfall interception processes and to gain further insight as to how the circumferential variation of stemflow on tree boles alters stemflow–soil interactions.
Microwave‐Assisted Condensation of Benzylic Alcohols and Alkynes Promoted by Zinc Halides: Concise Access to Alkenyl Halides
Authors: Nandi Poulomi , Goel Komal , Sreenivasulu Chinnabattigalla , Satyanarayana Gedu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA simple Lewis acid‐mediated route for the synthesis of alkenyl halides are described under microwave‐assisted conditions. The reaction proceeds through the condensation between secondary alcohols and terminal acetylenes and regioselective hydrohalogenation across the triple bond in the presence of simple and commercially available zinc halides. Unlike earlier reports, this methodology is successfully exemplified with three halide sources. As a result, a diverse range of alkenyl halide products has been accomplished. Further, indenes were obtained as the end products when tertiary alcohols and arylacetylenes were used, wherein the Thorpe–Ingold and electronic effects, would be dominant. Furthermore, when an electron‐rich arylacetylene was employed, the reaction directed to yield carbonyl products.
Influence of seasonal soil temperature variation and global warming on the seismic response of frozen soils in permafrost regions
Authors: Park Jamin , Kwon Oh‐Sung , Di Sarno Luigi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThere has been growing interest in seismic hazards in permafrost regions as development in those regions has increased. Because major infrastructure, such as natural gas pipelines, has been constructed in permafrost regions, it is necessary to evaluate the seismic safety of such a network system. As frozen soil's dynamic properties differ from those of its unfrozen state, the characteristics of seismic waves propagated through frozen soil layers in permafrost differ from those propagated through unfrozen soil. Thus, the dynamic properties and composition of frozen soil layers located between bedrock and the ground surface need to be realistically considered in evaluating the seismic hazards of permafrost regions. The frozen soil layer's composition greatly depends on soil temperatures which vary seasonally and are gradually increasing due to global warming, therefore it is necessary to consider soil temperature variation. In this study, comprehensive parametric site response analysis was carried out based on measured data regarding seasonal and annual temperature variation to investigate seismic hazards. The soil temperature variation between summer and winter and temperature increases due to global warming were the main considerations. The analysis results clearly show that the soil temperature variation significantly impacts seismic hazards in the permafrost region, leading to different site response characteristics than those in the non‐permafrost region.
Heat transfer characteristics and entropy generation analysis in a plate heat exchanger using ethylene glycol and water mixture‐based Al2O3nanofluid
Authors: Yashawantha Kyathanahalli Marigowda , Vinod A. Venu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe present study aims to study the heat transfer and entropy generation analysis in a plate heat exchanger by dispersing Al2O3nanoparticles into a water and ethylene glycol mixture (base fluid) of a 65:35 volume ratio. The study was carried out by varying the nanofluid concentration from 0.2 to 2 wt%. The effects of Peclet number and weight concentration of water:ethylene glycol–Al2O3nanofluid on heat transfer characteristics and entropy generation were investigated. The nanofluid and distilled water were considered as a cold medium and hot medium on the plate heat exchanger, respectively, for the experimental study. The study showed considerable improvement in convective heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number with the increase in nanofluid concentration. The study showed a 19.32% enhancement in overall heat transfer coefficient compared with base fluid at identical Peclet number. Pressure drop and pumping power were increased due to the addition of nanoparticles. Improved effectiveness was observed with the increase in concentration at higher Peclet numbers. Thermal entropy generation and friction entropy generation showed descending and ascending trends, respectively, for the considered weight concentration of nanofluid for the increased Peclet number. The Bejan number and entropy generation number demonstrated the roles of heat and friction in the entropy generation. A correlation was developed to predict the Nusselt number considering the experimental data. The prediction of the Nusselt number obtained from the present study showed good agreement with the experimental results.
Integrated analysis on the N6‐methyladenosine‐related long noncoding RNAs prognostic signature, immune checkpoints, and immune cell infiltration in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Qiu Yuqin , Wang Xiaogang , Fan Zhenjia , Zhan Shanhui , Jiang Xin , Huang Jinchang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients with advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) have a poor prognosis and lack effective prognostic biomarkers. N6‐methyladenosine‐related lncRNAs (m6A‐related long noncoding RNAs [lncRNAs]) have been confirmed to be associated with the development of multiple tumors, but its role in ccRCC is not clear.MethodsGene expression data and clinical information of ccRCC patients were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas Database. The prognostic m6A‐related lncRNAs were obtained by Pearson's correlation analysis and univariate Cox regression analysis. Afterward, the cluster classification and its correlation with prognosis, clinical characteristics, and immunity were analyzed. LASSO regression was used to establish the prognostic risk model. The predictive performance of the prognostic model was evaluated and validated by survival analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, et al. The expression of immune checkpoints and immune cell infiltration in patients with different risks were systematically analyzed.ResultsA total of 27 prognostic m6A‐related lncRNAs were identified. These m6A‐related lncRNAs were differentially expressed between tumor and normal tissues. Among them, 24 high‐risk m6A‐related lncRNAs were overexpressed in Cluster 2 and correlated with poor prognosis, low stromal score, high expression of immune checkpoints, and immunosuppressive cells infiltration. Based upon, a prognostic risk model composed of seven m6A‐related lncRNAs was constructed. After a series of analyses, it was proved that this model had good sensitivity and specificity, and could predict the prognosis of patients with different clinical stratification. The expression of PD‐1, PD‐L1, CTLA‐4, LAG‐3, TIM‐3, and TIGIT were significantly increased in the high‐risk patients, and there was a correlation between the risk score and immune cell infiltration.ConclusionsThe seven m6A‐related lncRNAs prognostic risk signature showed reliable prognostic predictive power for ccRCC and was associated with the expression of immune checkpoints and immune cell infiltration. This seven m6A‐related lncRNAs signature will be helpful in managing ccRCC and guiding individualized immunotherapy.
A case of clear cell renal cell carcinoma with vena cava thrombus responding to presurgical avelumab, and axitinib
Authors: Suzuki Issei , Kijima Toshiki , Takada‐Owada Atsuko , Nakamura Gaku , Uematsu Toshitaka , Sakamoto Kazumasa , Nishihara Daisaku , Ishida Kazuyuki , Kamai Takao 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionWe report a case of renal cell carcinoma with vena cava thrombus showing a marked reduction with presurgical avelumab plus axitinib, facilitating nephrectomy with thrombectomy.Case presentationA 50‐year‐old man was taken to emergent care unit due to spontaneous renal rupture and was diagnosed to have left‐sided renal cell carcinoma with level IV tumor thrombus. After hemostasis was obtained via transcatheter arterial embolization, avelumab plus axitinib was introduced because upfront surgery was deemed unfeasible due to poor performance status and possible retroperitoneal tumor dissemination. After four treatment cycles, thrombus was reduced to level II, and nephrectomy with thrombectomy was performed. Histological analyses revealed massive CD8+ T cell infiltration in the thrombus, suggesting immunotherapy efficacy. He has remained recurrence‐free without any additional treatment for eight months.ConclusionFor locally advanced renal cell carcinoma with vena cava thrombus, presurgical combination therapy with avelumab plus axitinib could be an option to facilitate curative surgery.
Viability of five fairway turfgrasses with and without chemical inputs
Authors: Pease Benjamin W. , Stier John C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractInterest in low‐input alternative fairway turfs has increased because of restrictions. This study compared the volumetric soil water content (VSWC) and turf quality of five fairway turfs under reduced irrigation and low nitrogen. The main plots were ‘Epic’ strong creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra ssp. rubra L., SCRF), ‘Vesper’ velvet bentgrass (Agrostis canina L., VBG), ‘Shark’ creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L., CBG), ‘Diva’ Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L., KBG), and a 5:95 Vesper–Epic mixture (VBG–SCRF). Urea at annual N rates (0 and 98 kg ha–1) and three fungicide programs (none, integrated pest management, and full preventative) were applied. Turf quality and VSWC were assessed from June to September. Rating date interacted with all main factors in both years. On most 2010 dates, SCRF had lower quality (<3.1) than VBG–SCRF (<4.8) and VBG had higher quality than both (>5.1). In 2011, VBG and CBG were usually similar (>5.8), with acceptable quality all year. The KBG had acceptable quality (>5.0), declining in late 2011 through weed infestation of nonfertilized plots. In 2010, fertilized experimental units had lower VSWC (39.9%) than nonfertilized units (41.1%); VBG and KBG had higher VSWC than VBG–SCRF and CBG. Drought never occurred, as VSWC was above 20%. In 2011, the turf type × rating date interaction was significant. Creeping bentgrass had lower VSWC than at least one other turf type on 15 of 16 dates. Velvet bentgrass and VBG–SCRF provided the best turf quality of the grasses tested in this setting.
Integrating membrane separation with gold‐catalyzed carboxylative cyclization of propargylamine and catalyst recovery via organic solvent nanofiltration
Authors: ACA Bayrakdar Tahani , Nahra Fady , Ormerod Dominic , Nolan Steven P 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDTransition metal catalysis has, over recent decades, developed into one of the most important methods of constructing molecules. However, although efficient in the construction of complex molecules, these catalysts can be expensive as they are often based upon second‐ and third‐row transition metals which have, for the most part, low terrestrial abundance. Present removal and recovery techniques for homogeneous catalysts tend, at best, to focus on recovering the metal center and to consider ligands as single‐use components. Recovery of the whole catalyst would be more beneficial from economic and environmental points of view.RESULTSThe integration of a membrane separation protocol with gold‐catalyzed carboxylative cyclization of propargylamine was investigated. Filtration conditions were identified in membrane screening experiments with the dinuclear catalyst [Au2Cl2(L)] (Au‐1) and the mononuclear catalyst [Au(IPr)Cl] (Au‐2). Recovery of the whole catalyst was then investigated. Catalyst Au‐1 proved unstable and led to metal recovery for reprocessing upon completion of the process. However, the membrane methodology does allow recovery of the catalyst within the reaction mixture which increases its efficiency. On the other hand, catalyst Au‐2 proved more stable and can be recovered along with its ancillary ligands.CONCLUSIONSFor both catalysts a membrane‐based recovery protocol was successfully demonstrated. This protocol was either internal or external in that the Au complex along with its ligands can be recovered after reaction. This initial work shows the possibility that ligands do not always need to be considered as single‐use components. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Comparative Effectiveness of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Monitoring Techniques in Pediatric Surgery
Authors: Lawlor Claire M. , Meisner Jay , Jennings Russell W. , Zendejas Benjamin , Choi Sukgi S. 
Published: August 2021

Objectives/HypothesisThe recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is at risk during pediatric cervical, thoracic, and cardiac surgery. We aim to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of RLN monitoring techniques in all pediatric patients.Study DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsRetrospective review of patients/procedures with RLN(s) at risk and RLN monitoring at Boston Children's Hospital July 2019–October 2020. Primary outcomes: pre/postoperative vocal fold mobility by awake flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy (FFL).ResultsOne hundred one patients (median [interquartile range, IQR] age 14.6 months [4.6–49.7 months], weight 10 kg [5.2–16.2 kg]) underwent 122 procedures with RLN(s) at risk. RLN monitoring attempted 111 cases, successful 96 (84%). Surgical indications: esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula, and tracheobronchomalacia. Sixty‐two (56%) procedures in reoperative field. Median follow‐up 112 days (IQR 41–230). Pre/postoperative FFL performed 84 procedures (69%), 19 new postoperative RLN injuries (16%), median age 12 months, reoperative fields 11 (18%). Prass probes: 34 cases (28 successful, 82%), 6 injuries (18%), age 12.2 (5.8–23.6) months. Dragonfly electrodes: 45 cases (37 successful, 82%), 8 injuries (18%), age 7.5 (3.8–19) months. Nerve integrity monitoring (NIM) integrated electrode endotracheal tube: 33 cases (33 successful, 100%), 5 injuries (15%), age 90 (58.8–136.7) months. Automatic periodic stimulation (APS): 16 cases, 13 successful (81%), four injuries (25%), age 7.2 (5.3–20.6) months. NIM RLN monitoring is significantly more successful than Prass, Dragonfly (95%CI −0.3 to 0.02, P = .02; and 95%CI 0.05–0.31, P = .008). Rates of injury are not different between types of RLN monitoring (P = .94), with APS use (P = .47), or with monitoring success (95%CI −0.36 to 0.09, P = .28).ConclusionsRLN monitoring is feasible in pediatric patients of all ages. Although NIM type RLN monitoring success is superior, all forms offer similar rates of nerve protection.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 132:889–894, 2022
The clinico‐radiological findings of MSUD in a group of Egyptian children: Contribution to early diagnosis and outcome
Authors: Mohamed Montaser M. , Bakheet Mohamed A. , Magdy Rofaida M. , El‐Abd Heba S. , Alam‐Eldeen Mohamad Hasan , Abo‐Haded Hany M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundMaple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is an autosomal recessive inborn error of amino acid metabolism, with unique clinico‐radiological findings. This study aims to show the benefit of using the clinico‐radiological findings for early diagnosis of children with MSUD, and confirming this diagnosis using the tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), in order to avoid deleterious outcome.MethodsA prospective cohort study conducted in the period from August 2016 to December 2020. Twenty‐one children were included either by selective screening or by high‐risk screening. All children had clinical and neurodevelopmental evaluation, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessment, and blood amino acids analysis at diagnosis. Patients were followed clinically.ResultsMost children had acute onsets neuro‐developmental symptoms, with wide range of brain parenchyma involvement on MRI (hyperintensity). Diagnosis of MSUD was confirmed by detecting high serum levels of leucine/isoleucine (mean value 2085.5 μmol/L) in all patients, and elevated levels of serum valine in (81%) of children. In addition, all children showed elevated leucine: alanine ratio, and leucine: phenylalanine ratio.ConclusionsThe characteristic clinico‐radiological features can help in the early diagnosis of MSUD children, thus preventing the delay in laboratory diagnosis and improving their outcomes.
Weight and body composition changes affect resting energy expenditure predictive equations during a 12‐month weight‐loss intervention
Authors: Dahle Jared H. , Ostendorf Danielle M. , Pan Zhaoxing , MacLean Paul S. , Bessesen Daniel H. , Heymsfield Steven B. , Melanson Edward L. , Catenacci Victoria A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveMathematical equations that predict resting energy expenditure (REE) are widely used to derive calorie prescriptions during weight‐loss interventions. Although such equations are known to introduce group‐ and individual‐level error into REE prediction, their validity has largely been assessed in weight‐stable populations. Therefore, this study sought to characterize how weight change affects the validity of commonly used REE predictive models throughout a 12‐month weight‐loss intervention.MethodsChanges in predictive error of four models (Mifflin‐St‐Jeor, Harris‐Benedict, Owen, and World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture) were assessed at 1‐, 6‐, and 12‐month time points in adults (n = 66, 76% female, aged 18‐55 years, BMI = 27‐45 kg/m2) enrolled in a randomized clinical weight‐loss trial.ResultsAll equations experienced significant negative shifts in bias (measured − predicted REE) toward overprediction from baseline to 1 month (p < 0.05). Three equations showed reversal of bias in the positive direction (toward underprediction) from baseline to 12 months (p < 0.05). Early changes in bias were correlated with decreased fat‐free mass (p ≤ 0.01).ConclusionsChanges in body composition and mass during a 12‐month weight‐loss intervention significantly affected REE predictive error in adults with overweight and obesity. Weight history should be considered when using mathematical models to predict REE during periods of weight fluctuation.
Reciprocal YAP1 loss and INSM1 expression in neuroendocrine prostate cancer
Authors: Asrani Kaushal , Torres Alba FC , Woo Juhyung , Vidotto Thiago , Tsai Harrison K , Luo Jun , Corey Eva , Hanratty Brian , Coleman Ilsa , Yegnasubramanian Srinivasan , De Marzo Angelo M , Nelson Peter S , Haffner Michael C , Lotan Tamara L 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNeuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is a rare but aggressive histologic variant of prostate cancer that responds poorly to androgen deprivation therapy. Hybrid NEPC‐adenocarcinoma (AdCa) tumors are common, often eluding accurate pathologic diagnosis and requiring ancillary markers for classification. We recently performed an outlier‐based meta‐analysis across a number of independent gene expression microarray datasets to identify novel markers that differentiate NEPC from AdCa, including up‐regulation of insulinoma‐associated protein 1 (INSM1) and loss of Yes‐associated protein 1 (YAP1). Here, using diverse cancer gene expression datasets, we show that Hippo pathway‐related genes, including YAP1, are among the top down‐regulated gene sets with expression of the neuroendocrine transcription factors, including INSM1. In prostate cancer cell lines, transgenic mouse models, and human prostate tumor cohorts, we confirm that YAP1 RNA and YAP1 protein expression are silenced in NEPC and demonstrate that the inverse correlation of INSM1 and YAP1 expression helps to distinguish AdCa from NEPC. Mechanistically, we find that YAP1 loss in NEPC may help to maintain INSM1 expression in prostate cancer cell lines and we further demonstrate that YAP1 silencing likely occurs epigenetically, via CpG hypermethylation near its transcriptional start site. Taken together, these data nominate two additional markers to distinguish NEPC from AdCa and add to data from other tumor types suggesting that Hippo signaling is tightly reciprocally regulated with neuroendocrine transcription factor expression. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CLN6 deficiency causes selective changes in the lysosomal protein composition
Authors: Tuermer Andreas , Mausbach Simone , Kaade Edgar , Damme Markus , Sylvester Marc , Gieselmann Volkmar , Thelen Melanie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNeuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) collectively account for the highest prevalence of inherited neurodegenerative diseases in childhood. This disease group is classified by the deposition of similar autofluorescence storage material in lysosomes that is accompanied by seizures, blindness and premature mortality in later disease stages. Defects in several genes affecting various proteins lead to NCL, one of them being CLN6, a transmembrane protein resident in the endoplasmic reticulum. Dysfunctionality of CLN6 causes variant late infantile NCL (vLINCL). The function of CLN6 and how its deficiency affects lysosomal integrity remains unknown. In this work, we performed a comparative proteomic analysis of isolated lysosomal fractions from liver tissue of nclf mice, a natural mouse model displaying a similar disease course than its human counterpart. We could identify a drastic reduction in the protein amounts of selected lysosomal proteins, amongst them several members of the NCL protein family. Most of these proteins were N‐glycosylated, soluble hydrolases and their reduction in protein levels was verified by western blotting and enzymatic assays. Hereby we could directly link Cln6 dysfunction to changes in the lysosomal compartment and to other NCL forms.
The equatorial wave skeleton of the Madden–Julian Oscillation
Authors: Castanheira José M. , Marques Carlos A. F. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAn analysis of the energy equation of the three‐dimensional normal modes of the atmospheric circulation provides evidence on the behaviour of the most important equatorial waves which compose the Madden–Julian Oscillation. They are the equatorial Rossby waves of zonal wavenumber 1 and 3 and the Kelvin waves of zonal wavenumber 1. In the mean, the equatorial Rossby waves gain energy by convective heating and atmospheric column stretching and transfer it to the circulation field, whereas the Kelvin waves draw energy from the circulation field and dissipate it by surface friction. The convergence associated with the Kelvin waves contributes to the moisture fuelling of the convection centre. Therefore, the coupling between equatorial Rossby and Kelvin waves is mediated by convective heating/column stretching excitation of Rossby waves and moisture convergence by Kelvin waves.