bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin C protects against chronic social isolation stress-induced weight gain and depressive-like behavior in adult male rats
Authors: Dulabi Alireza Najaf , Shakerin Zeinab , Mehranfard Nasrin , Ghasemi Maedeh 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective. Considering the importance of ghrelin in stress-induced hyperphagia and a role of antioxidants in decreasing body weight, in the present study, the effect of vitamin C (VitC) on ghrelin secretion and food intake following chronic social isolation (CIS) was evaluated in rats.

Methods. Thirty two male Wistar rats (200–220g) were randomly divided into: control, VitC, CIS, and CIS + VitC groups. Animals received VitC (500 mg/kg/day)/saline by gavage for 3 weeks. For 24 h cumulative and post 18–20 h fasting food intake, fasting plasma ghrelin level, and body weight were measured. Gastric histopathology was also evaluated.

Results. Results showed a marked increase in fasting plasma ghrelin and food intake in stressed rats compared to controls. VitC prevented the increases in stressed rats. Histological assessment indicated a positive effect of VitC on gastric glandular cells compared to control, an effect that might partially be a reason of significant increase of plasma ghrelin levels in VitC rats. Elevated plasma ghrelin in VitC group was even higher than that one in stressed group, whereas there were no significant changes in the food intake. Assessment of the percentage of changes in body weight during 21 days showed a significant increase in stressed rats compared to controls. Vitamin C treatment prevented this increase. Stressed rats also displayed depression-like behavior as indicated by sucrose test, whereas VitC ameliorated it.

Conclusions. The data of the present study indicate that VitC may overcome ghrelin-induced hyperphagia and improve the abnormal feeding and depressive behavior in CIS rats.
Comparative Analysis of the Implementation of the Inflation Targeting Monetary Strategy in Canada and New Zealand
Authors: Stevanović Suzana , Milenković Ivan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Since the 1990s there have been major changes in the way monetary policy is conducted. Since other monetary strategies did not result in the desired outcome, the first concept of inflation targeting was presented in New Zealand (1990), then in Canada (1991), England (1992), Sweden and Finland (1993), Australia and Spain (1994), Israel, Chile, Brasil, the Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, Serbia and other countries. Thus, the application of this monetary regime has spread from economically developed to developing countries. This article examines the adoption, the formal framework for inflation targeting and the experience of the two countries that were leaders in the adoption of this modern strategy, New Zealand and Canada. At the time of the announcement of the inflation targets, inflation in both countries was around 6%. However, there are differences regarding the time frame. So, in New Zealand in a shorter period of time, credibility should have been achieved regarding the imbalance of monetary and fiscal policy. While, on the other hand, a longer time frame is envisaged for the Central Bank of Canada regarding achieving greater flexibility to mitigate price shocks. After all the above, it can be concluded that both observed countries (Canada and New Zealand) during the period 2008-2017, achieved positive effects from inflation targeting. In this sense inflation rates in the target range of 1-3% were achieved, except for a few years after the financial crisis (2008-2011), but after certain revisions of the formal framework, both countries successfully fought for greater economic growth and financial stability. The inflation targeting regime proved to be very successful in achieving the set targets, so both Central Banks continued to constantly update the formal and informal inflation targeting frameworks, in order to continuously achieve the expected effects.
The Dilemmas of Public Vs. Private Goods Discounting for Long-Term Investment Appraisal: The Puzzle of Citizen and Consumer Approaches to Valuation
Authors: Foltyn-Zarychta Monika 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Research background: An investment appraisal applies a single discount rate across all effects. However, this may be insufficient for heterogenous environmental impacts, mixing private and public goods as well as use and non-use values, where individuals may have multiple intertemporal preferences due to their duality to act as consumer or citizen.

Purpose: The paper aims at identifying the scope of discrepancies in the level of discount rate for public and private as well as use-and non-use investment gains.

Research methodology: The contingent valuation method is used to elicit stated discount rates for 2 hypothetical investments: environmental or financial gains to distinguish between public and private domain accompanied by two time-frames: short (use values) and long (non-use values).

Results: The discount rate for the environment is lower than for money. It is also lower for the long-term horizon in comparison with the short-term perspective. The discrepancies are observed also for explanatory variables in respect to a socio-economic profile and attitude characteristics.

Novelty: The paper adds to the discussion on valuation discrepancies between self-interested consumers and socially oriented citizens. The scarcity of previous research examining discount rates for public/private goods as well as the short/long-time horizon make the results relevant for public policy dealing with climate change and environmental protection, providing an insight into individual intertemporal preferences.
Determining the value of standing timber for harvest planning optimization
Authors: Zaborski Karol , Banaś Jan , Kożuch Anna 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Forest managers conducting sustainable forest management are guided by the principles of sustainable use of natural resources, which involve the need for long and short-term planning in organizational units of the State Forests. Plans often differ from reality by the time individual treatments and cuts are to be performed. For economic reasons, it is important to optimize harvest planning, not only focusing on the volume of timber to be harvested, but also the price differences of individual tree species and sort types of wood.
The purpose of this study was to present methods evaluating standing timber and to assess their usefulness in optimizing the harvest volume using linear programming.
Stands designated to be cut were evaluated using transaction value methods, i.e. “the stumpage value method” M1, the “consumption value” method M2, as well as the net present value (NPV) method M3. The research material was obtained from the State Forests Information System (SILP) for the Marcule Forest District covering the years 2014–2018. The stand values were determined at the beginning and end of the 10-year planning period.
We observed that the stand value (standing timber) differed significantly between method M2 as compared to method M1. the value of stands determined by method M3, on the other hand, decreased as the discount rate increased.
In the process of optimizing the selection of stands for felling, economic criteria should also be taken into account and this is a direct measure of obtainable standing timber in terms of the cutting possibility in the given planning period. In stands where one species dominates, a simplified method of determining the value (M1) can be used, whereas in stands with significant species diversity, method M2 provides a significantly more accurate value for the cutting timber. However, if harvest volume optimization using linear programming methods is to take longer time periods into account, e.g. 30 years (three 10-year economic planning periods), the most reasonable method for determining the value of stands is the net present value method M3.
Proper names and minority language laws in Slovakia
Authors: Bauko Ján 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The use of official proper names is regulated by laws that contribute to the social codification and standardization of propria registration. The paper deals with minority language laws concerning the use of proper names of national minorities in Slovakia. The author gives an overview of the laws, or more precisely paragraphs dealing with the use of official anthroponyms, toponyms and names of institutions. In Slovakia, the largest national minority is Hungarian, so the paper gives examples of using the proper names of Hungarians living in Slovakia, that is, from Slovak-Hungarian bilingual municipalities. In an ethnically mixed environment, the variability of the forms of propria increases, since in the official (and non-official) sphere, proper names can be used not only in the state language, but also in the minority language. In bilingual municipalities, bilingual toponyms and names of institutions appear in both languages. Members of national minorities have the option of entering a personal name in the Register Offices in their mother tongue. Minority proper names fulfil an ethno-identification function, they are a source of individual and collective identity.
Performance analysis of optical fiber surface plasmon resonance sensor in single-mode operation region
Authors: Abu Shehab Wael F. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A new approach for studying the performance of single-mode optical fiber surface plasmon resonance sensor for refractive index sensing is presented. Intensity interrogation technique is used to observe and examine the effect of changing the value of the operating wavelength, within the single-mode operation region, on sensor performance. Effect of changing metal thickness, which is a critical parameter of the sensor structure, is also investigated. The results show that the selected operating wavelength within the mentioned region plays a very important role and has a significant impact on the sensor sensitivity. As the operating wavelength increases beyond the cut-off wavelength, above which the first higher-order mode disappears, the sensitivity increases while the refractive index range, for which the sensitivity is above its half maximum value, becomes narrower. In the proposed sensor structure, for a metal thickness of 25 nm, the maximum sensitivity reaches 2554 RIU−1 for analyte refractive index of 1.439 at a wavelength of 1500 nm. This sensitivity corresponds to a resolution of order 106 RIU by assuming 1% minimum reflectivity variation. The operating wavelength should be carefully selected and changed according to the refractive index values intended to be measured to ensure high sensor sensitivity at these values. The analysis provided in this paper enables to select and change the desired range of the sensed refractive index using low cost technique by just changing the operating wavelength in the single-mode operation region.
Japanese Bulb Onion: Production, Consumption, and Cultivars
Authors: Tsuchiya Yusuke , Nakamura Yusuke , Mikami Tetsuo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Bulb onion is an ancient vegetable crop that has been cultivated for at least 5,000 years. In Japan, this cultivation has only 150 years of history, but nowadays, it ranks fourth in total production, fourth in cropping acreage, and second in consumption among vegetables grown domestically. Until the 1970s, open-pollinated onion cultivars were predominantly cultivated throughout the country; they were selected mainly from old US cultivars. Over the past three decades, these open-pollinated cultivars have been replaced with F1 hybrid cultivars that offer higher yield, better disease resistance, uniformity at maturity, and high bulb quality. In this review, an attempt is made to characterize the commercial production and consumption of Japanese bulb onion as well as agronomic characteristics of representative cultivars.
Geology and genesis of vein-type corundum deposits in the Hafafit-Nugrus area, South Eastern Desert, Egypt
Authors: Mahmoud Soliman Abu Elatta A. , Ali Hani H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUnusual deposits formed by corundum are described from two separate pegmatitic veins in the Hafafit-Nugrus area of the South Eastern Desert of Egypt. Other related minerals are described too. The vein-type of corundum at Locality 1 (Vein 1) crosscuts through exposed rocks of an ophiolitic mélange, whereas at Locality 2 (Vein 2), it crosscuts through exposed serpentinised ultramafic rocks. The main minerals in Vein 1 are plagioclase, corundum, grossular, phlogopite, muscovite and clinochlore, while almandine, xenotime-(Y), allanite-(Ce), zircon, Cr-rich spinel, apatite, titanite, fergusonite-(Y), meta-ankoleite, U-rich thorite (uranothorite), carbonate and illite are the accessories. In Vein 2, the main minerals are plagioclase, corundum, phlogopite and chlorite, while clinochlore, euxenite-(Y), Nb-rich rutile, almandine, xenotime-(Y), allanite-(Ce), zircon, spinel, apatite, titanite, kasolite, dickite, illite, carbonate, antigorite and talc are accessories. The two types of corundum veins differ in their concentrations of Th, U, Zr, Nb, Ta, REE, Y and Li in whole-rock compositions. Field observations, mineralogy and chemical analyses of samples from the two veins of corundum deposits, as well as concentrations of chromophore elements in corundum crystals, suggest metasomatic origins. The present study suggests that the two types of corundum veins formed at different ages from different residual magmas that underwentin-situhybridisation with the host rocks.
Analysis of reservoir parameters on the basis of well logging and DST of Miocene gas reservoirs in the central part of the Carpathian Foredeep, Poland
Authors: Maruta Michał , Solecki Marek L. , Chruszcz-Lipska Katarzyna , Stachowicz Katarzyna , Dubiel Stanisław , Zubrzycki Adam 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In the Polish part of the Carpathian Foredeep, an intensification of gas exploration and exploitation from Miocene strata took place in the middle of the twentieth century. In spite of a good degree of geological and reservoir recognition, the area of the Carpathian Foredeep is still considered to be prospective for the discovery of new gas reservoirs. Here we analyse statistically selected reservoir parameters of Miocene deposits, such as total porosity, effective permeability and reservoir water inflow. These parameters have been determined on the basis of interpretations of results of well logs and reservoir tests with tubular bed samplers (DST, Drill Stem Test). Analytical results in the form of regression and dependence of the logarithm of permeability as a function of porosity show a weak correlation. However, in the study area, the distribution of porosity values for Miocene strata is close to normal.
The Influence of Mass Loss on Wooden Elements Case Study
Authors: Teodorescu Ioana 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The durability of wooden structures is a subject of great interest because a better understanding of the evolution of wooden elements is needed, together with the factors that intervene in the degradation process and the manner in which they can be prevented. The exposure time of structures to environmental variations is important because the presence of humidity is affecting wooden elements the most. Their exposure to humid surroundings or in which temperature and humidity variations are not constant, increases the moisture content of wood and leads to the formation of biological environments that attack the wood and reduce its resistance, intervening in the building safety and utility. The current study follows the evolution of a wooden structure subjected to changes of the transversal section due to the presence of humidity until the moment in which the wooden piece does not verify anymore the safety conditions from the calculations for compression, tension and bending.
Enhancing color quality of WLEDs with dual-layer remote phosphor geometry
Authors: That Phung Ton , Loan Nguyen Thi Phuong , Van Tho Le , Anh Nguyen Doan Quoc , Liao Hsing-Yuan , Luo Guo-Feng , Lee Hsiao-Yi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Usually, remote phosphor structures are beneficial in terms of flux but unfavorable in terms of color quality compared to conformal phosphor or in-cup phosphor packages. To eliminate this disadvantage, many studies have focused on increasing the chromatic quality of the remote phosphor configuration, which requires great efforts in improving two parameters of color: color rendering index (CRI) and color quality scale (CQS). CRI is known as the most useful quantitative method used to measure the ability of a light source to reproduce the colors of illuminated objects faithfully and naturally. Similarly, CQS is also a method of lighting quality determination and analysis, especially used as an alternative to the unsaturated CRI colors. In this paper, we proposed dual-layer remote phosphor structure as a novel method of CRI and CQS enhancement to improve WLEDs’ color quality. Five alike WLEDs but having different color temperatures in the range of 5600 K to 8500 K were applied in this study. The idea behind the study is to place a red phosphor layer SrwFxByOz:Eu2+,Sm2+ on the yellow phosphor layer YAG:Ce3+ and then determining an appropriate concentration of SrwFxByOz:Eu2+,Sm2+ added to achieve the highest color quality. The results point out that SrwFxByOz:Eu2+,Sm2+ brings great benefits to the improvement of CRI and CQS parameters. Specifically, the higher the SrwFxByOz:Eu2+,Sm2+ concentration results in the greater CRI and CQS, owning to the enriched red light components in the WLEDs. However, the flux has a tendency of dropping when SrwFxByOz:Eu2+,Sm2+ concentration rises excessively. This has been proved by using the Mie-scattering theory and the Lambert-Beer law. The results of this article are essential references for manufacturing WLEDs with higher chromatic quality.
Growth and study of 4-sulfobenzenaminium potassium dihydrogenphosphate for mechanical, dielectric and photonics applications
Authors: Vinoth E. , Vetrivel S. , Gopinath S. , Mullai R.U. , Aruljothi R. , Suresh T. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article describes the growth and characterization of 4-sulfobenzenaminium potassium hydrogen phosphate (SPH) sulphanilic acid with potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) doped semi-organic single crystals. The crystal was grown by the slow evaporation method. Examination of the crystalline nature of the sample was carried out by single crystal X-ray diffraction and it confirmed that the sample crystallizes in orthorhombic structure in the centrosymmetric space group P212121. The optical transmittance behavior was tested by UV-Vis spectral analysis. FT-IR spectral investigations have been carried out to indicate the presence of functional groups. The chemical structure of the compound was established by 1H and 13C NMR spectra. The SHG efficiency of the powdered SPH crystal is around 1.7 times that of pure KDP. The grown crystal was stable up to 270 °C as observed from TGA and DTA curves. The microhardness test was carried out to study the load dependency of hardness. The result of this study indicates that SPH crystal is a malleable material. From the hardness values, the stiffness constant and yield strength were calculated. The dielectric response of the novel crystal was studied in the frequency range of 50 Hz to 5 MHz at various temperatures. By employing FE-SEM, the surface morphology and the particle size of the crystal were assessed.
New Electronic Interface Circuits for Humidity Measurement Based on the Current Processing Technique
Authors: Petrović Predrag B. , Nikolić Maria Vesna , Tatović Mihajlo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The paper describes a new electronic conditioning circuit based on the current-processing technique for accurate and reliable humidity measurement, without post-processing requirements. Pseudobrookite nanocrystalline (Fe2TiO5) thick film was used as capacitive humidity transducer in the proposed design. The interface integrated circuit was realized in TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS technology, but commercial devices were used for practical realization. The sensing principle of the sensor was obtained by converting the information on environment humidity into a frequency variable square-wave electric current signal. The proposed solution features high linearity, insensitivity to temperature, as well as low power consumption. The sensor has a linear function with relative humidity in the range of Relative Humidity (RH) 30-90 %, error below 1.5 %, and sensitivity 8.3 x 1014 Hz/F evaluated over the full range of changes. A fast recovery without the need of any refreshing methods was observed with a change in RH. The total power dissipation of readout circuitry was 1 mW.
Other flesh: Embodiment in Couple and Group Dances
Authors: Hoppu Petri 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In my article, I investigate the possibilities of an embodied perspective in the research of couple and group dances. I intend to find ways to cross the boundaries between structural and cultural approaches, which have been in the main stream of the research of social dancing. In order to reach this purpose, I use the phenomenological concepts of flesh, reversibility and empathy to make a connection between the individual and community as well as form and experience. Importantly, I shall elucidate the idea of shared experience, which can be understood on the basis of these concepts. I wish to address how couple and group dances are fundamentally based on sharing certain horizons of experience, where bodies unfold themselves to other dancers through empathy in the context of shared dance forms and movement patterns. Consequently, the research of social dances should not concentrate merely on external or formal behaviour but on dancing as a part of embodied social reality.
Core Elements in The Training of Upper Secondary School Dance Pupils in Norway
Authors: Iversen Anette Sture 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In Norway’s upper secondary schools, pupils can choose dance as their main subject of study in a programme designed to prepare them for higher education in general and, more specifically, higher education in dance. A committee selected by the Norwegian Directorate for Education and Training was appointed in autumn of 2015 and given a mandate to evaluate the structure of the programme and suggest changes that would increase its relevance. A reference group was selected to respond to the committee’s first draft in December 2015, before the draft was open to comments from the rest of the dance environment (spring 2016). The author took part in the reference group. In this process, several individuals representing the fields of education and professional dance argued that the traditional hegemony of the three scenic dance forms (classical ballet, jazz and contemporary dance) needs to be challenged as it no longer sufficiently prepares pupils for a career in dance. One could argue that new dance forms, personal expression, performative and collaborative skills are more in demand today. In her own teaching of contemporary dance in upper secondary school, the author has found it relevant to focus on what she sees as core elements in the training of today’s performers in addition to, and sometimes instead of, (traditional) technical exercises, especially early on in pupils’ dance education. She proposes that it would be beneficial to pupils to replace some of the technical training in the scenic dance forms with these core elements in a restructuring of the dance programmes in upper secondary education.