bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychiatric disorders in individuals with neurofibromatosis 1 in Denmark: A nationwide register‐based cohort study
Authors: Kenborg Line , Andersen Elisabeth W. , Duun‐Henriksen Anne Katrine , Jepsen Jens R. M. , Doser Karoline , Dalton Susanne O. , Bidstrup Pernille E. , Krøyer Anja , Frederiksen Line E. , Johansen Christoffer , Østergaard John R. , Hove Hanne , Sørensen Sven Asger , Riccardi Vincent M. , Mulvihill John J. , Winther Jeanette F. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the risks of psychiatric disorders in a large cohort of 905 individuals with NF1 and 7614 population comparisons matched on sex and year of birth. The cohort was linked to the Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register to ascertain information on hospital contacts for psychiatric disorders based on the International Classification of Diseases version 8 and 10. The hazard ratio (HR) for a first psychiatric hospital contact was higher in girls (4.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.81–9.69) and boys with NF1 (5.02, 95% CI 3.27–7.69) <7 years of age than in the population comparisons. Both sexes had increased HRs for developmental disorders, including attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders, autism spectrum disorders, and intellectual disabilities in childhood. Females with NF1 had also increased HRs for unipolar depression, other emotional and behavioral disorders, and severe stress reaction and adjustment disorders in early adulthood. The HRs for psychoses, schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, and substance abuse were similar in individuals with NF1 and the population comparisons. Finally, the cumulative incidence of a first hospital contact due to any psychiatric disorder by age 30 years was 35% (95% CI 29–41) in females and 28% (95% CI 19–37) in males with NF1. Thus, screening for psychiatric disorders may be important for early diagnosis and facilitation of appropriate and effective treatment in individuals with NF1.
Population level comparisons in central Mexico using cranial nonmetric traits
Authors: Meza‐Peñaloza Abigail , Zertuche Federico , Morehart Christopher 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesWe study the genetic diversity between Classic Teotihuacan and its neighboring towns trying to understand how far or close they are at the genetic level.Materials and methodsWe use cranial nonmetric traits to study a sample of 280 adult skulls from archaeological sites running from the late Preclassic to the early Postclassic. Samples of Classic Teotihuacan were studied for La Ventilla and San Sebastián Xolalpan neighbors. For the Epiclassic period, samples from Xaltocan, Toluca valley, Mogotes and Xico were used. For the Preclassic and Postclassic samples from Xico were also used. We used a parametric bootstrap for the mean measure of divergence for the statistical analysis.ResultsSamples from Xico have small biodistance from Preclassic to Postclassic. Samples from Los Mogotes differ depending on the functional context of deposition, with individuals from household burials (funerary) differing from non‐funerary, ceremonial interments and exhibiting affinities to Epiclassic samples from Toluca valley. Epiclassic populations from Xaltocan vary significantly from any samples analyzed. Samples from Classic period Teotihuacan vary considerably among them but form a separate genetic group from all the other populations under study.ConclusionsThe great biodistance separation among Classic Teotihuacan and its neighbor villages of central Mexico let us conclude that, contrary from the classical idea that those villages were confirmed by the inhabitants of Teotihuacan's collapse: They indeed remain as separate populations by themselves.
Paraspinal desmoid fibromatosis after lumbar epidural analgesia
Authors: Remedios E. , Sommerfield D. , Fellingham W. , Powers N. , Stannage K. , Hii J.W.S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA 14‐year‐old girl with cerebral palsy presented for bilateral lower limb surgery for spasticity. A lumbar epidural catheter was sited under general anaesthesia on the third attempt and used intra‐operatively with good effect. A local anaesthetic infusion was used for postoperative analgesia but was noted to be leaking under the dressing with a patchy, unilateral block. The catheter was therefore removed on the second postoperative day. Following discharge, the patient progressively developed new back and leg pain for which she was re‐admitted seven weeks later. This was investigated and initially thought to be myositis of the erector spinae muscles on magnetic resonance imaging. When the patient failed to respond to treatment, a muscle biopsy demonstrated desmoid fibromatosis. Trauma may cause or accelerate the development of desmoid fibromatosis, which has also been theorised to arise from scar tissue in previously injured areas. We hypothesise that challenging epidural placement or the leakage of the local anaesthetic agent into the surrounding muscular tissue, inducing local myonecrosis, could have been the triggering or accelerating event in tumour development. This may be the first reported case of extra‐abdominal desmoid fibromatosis in association with epidural placement.
Application of Janus Magnetic Nanoparticle Fe3O4@SiN functionalized with beta‐cyclodextrin in thymol drug delivery procedure: An in vitro study
Authors: Taherkhani Ali , Fazli Hossein , Taherkhani Farid 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this work, a novel drug delivery system was developed for thymol. Thymol is an herbal medicine that has low chemical reactivity. The drug delivery platform was Janus Magnetic Nanoparticle. The carrier's core‐shell structure was Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4) as core and thin layer SiO2 (SiN) as a shell. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized using the co‐precipitation method. A thin layer of SiO2 was covered on the surface of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The whole Janus magnetic nanoparticle, Fe3O4@SiN, was functionalized with beta‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) and used as a drug delivery platform. The binding between thymol and the Fe3O4@SiN/β‐CD was made possible through bipolar‐bipolar and hydrogen bonding. The structure, magnetic behavior, and applicability of Fe3O4@SiN for drug delivery purposes were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, UV–Vis spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) indicated that the Fe3O4@SiN has a weak ferromagnetic behavior (Hc = 65.748G) at temperature 300 K and a permeability of 35.759 × 10−3 emu gG−1. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that the particle size of Fe3O4@SiN is 40 nm. Finally, the Fe3O4@SiN/β‐CD was successfully applied to simulated body fluid.
The genetic structure of SARS‐CoV‐2 is consistent with both natural or laboratory origin: Response to Tyshkovskiy and Panchin (10.1002/bies.202000325)
Authors: Deigin Yuri , Segreto Rossana 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTyshkovskiy and Panchin have recently published a commentary on our paper in which they outline several “points of disagreement with the Segreto/Deigin hypothesis.” As our paper is titled “The genetic structure of SARS‐CoV‐2 does not rule out a laboratory origin,” points of disagreement should provide evidence that rules out a laboratory origin. However, Tyshkovskiy and Panchin provide no such evidence and instead attempt to criticize our arguments that highlight aspects of SARS‐CoV‐2 that could be consistent with the lab leak hypothesis. Strikingly, Tyshkovskiy and Panchin's main point of criticism is based on a false premise that we have claimed RaTG13 to be a direct progenitor of SARS‐CoV‐2, and their other points of criticism are either not valid, based on flawed mathematical analysis, or are unrelated to our hypotheses. Thus, the genetic structure of SARS‐CoV‐2 remains consistent with both natural or laboratory origin, which means that both the zoonotic and the lab leak hypothesis need to be investigated equally thoroughly.
Regression models for order‐of‐addition experiments
Authors: Piepho Hans‐Peter , Williams Emlyn R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe purpose of order‐of‐addition (OofA) experiments is to identify the best order in a sequence ofmcomponents in a system. Such experiments may be analyzed by various regression models, the most popular ones being based on pairwise ordering (PWO) factors or on component‐position (CP) factors. This paper reviews these models and extensions and proposes a new class of models based on response surface (RS) regression using component position numbers as predictor variables. Using two published examples, it is shown that RS models can be quite competitive. In case of model uncertainty, we advocate the use of model averaging for analysis. The averaging idea leads naturally to a design approach based on a compound optimality criterion assigning weights to each candidate model.
A MUCINs expression signature impacts overall survival in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Meng Hui , Jiang Xuewen , Huang Huangwei , Shen Neng , Guo Changsheng , Yu Chunxiao , Yin Gang , Wang Yu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundKidney cancer, especially clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), is one of the most common cancers in the urinary system. Previous studies suggested that certain members of MUCINs could serve as independent predictors for the survival of ccRCC patients. None of them, however, is robust enough to predict prognosis accurately.ObjectiveTo analyze the correlation of MUCINs alterations and their expression levels with the prognosis of ccRCC patients and develop a prognosis‐related predictor.MethodsWe applied whole‐exome sequencing in samples from 22 Chinese ccRCC patients to identify genetic alterations in MUCIN genes and analyzed their genetic alterations, expression, and correlation with survival using the TCGA, GSE73731, and GSE29069 datasets.ResultGenetic alternations in MUCINs were identified in 91% and 51% of ccRCC patients in our cohort and the TCGA database, respectively. No correlation with survival was found for the genetic alterations. Using unsupervised clustering analysis of gene expression, we identified two major clusters of MUCIN expression patterns. Cluster 1 was characterized by a global overexpression of MUC1, MUC12, MUC13, MUC16, and OVGP1; and cluster 2 was characterized by a global overexpression of MUC4, MUC5B, MUC6, MUC20, EMCN, and MCAM. Patients with cluster 1 expression pattern had significantly shorter overall survival time and worse clinical features, including higher tumor grades and metastasis. Meanwhile, they had a higher level of mutation counts and more infiltrated immune cells, but lower enrichment in angiogenesis signature genes. A five‐MUCINs expression signature was constructed from cluster 1, and notably, it was demonstrated to be associated with shorter overall survival. A similar worse clinical feature, lower angiogenesis but the more immune signature, was identified in samples presented with signature 1. In the validation data set GSE29069, patients with signature 1 were also associated with a trend of poor survival outcomes.ConclusionWe established a five‐MUCINs expression signature as a new prognostic marker for ccRCC. The distinct tumor microenvironment feature between the two signatures may further affect ccRCC patients’ clinical management.
Association of abdominal muscle area and density with glucose regulation: The multi‐ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA)
Authors: Gold Rebecca S. , Unkart Jonathan T. , Larsen Britta A. , Price Candice A. , Cless Mallory , Araneta Maria Rosario G. , Allison Matthew A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsPrevious characterisation of body composition as a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk factor has largely focused on adiposity, but less is known about the independent role of skeletal muscle. We examined associations between abdominal muscle and measures of glucose regulation.Materials and MethodsCross‐sectional analysis of 1,891 adults enrolled in the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Multivariable regression assessed associations between abdominal muscle area and density (measured by computed tomography) with fasting glucose, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR), and prevalent T2DM (fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL or medication use).ResultsIn minimally adjusted models (age, sex, race/ethnicity, income), a 1‐SD increment in abdominal muscle area was associated with higher HOMA‐IR (β = 0.20 ± SE 0.03; 95%CI: 0.15, 0.25; P < 0.01) and odds of T2DM (OR = 1.47; 95%CI: 1.18, 1.84; P < 0.01), while higher density was associated with lower fasting glucose (−4.49 ± 0.90; −6.26, −2.72; P < 0.01), HOMA‐IR (−0.16 ± 0.02; −0.20, −0.12; P < 0.01), and odds of T2DM (0.64; 0.52, 0.77; P < 0.01). All associations persisted after adjustment for comorbidities and health behaviours. However, after controlling for height, BMI, and visceral adiposity, increasing muscle area became negatively associated with fasting glucose (−2.23 ± 1.01; −4.22, −0.24; P = 0.03), while density became positively associated with HOMA‐IR (0.09 ± 0.02; 0.05, 0.13; P < 0.01).ConclusionsIncreasing muscle density was associated with salutary markers of glucose regulation, but associations inverted with further adjustment for body size and visceral adiposity. Conversely, after full adjustment, increasing muscle area was associated with lower fasting glucose, suggesting some patients may benefit from muscle‐building interventions.
Inventory of the benthic eukaryotic diversity in the oldest European lake
Authors: Wilden Benjamin , Traunspurger Walter , Geisen Stefan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe have profound knowledge on biodiversity on Earth including plants and animals. In the recent decade, we have also increased our understanding on microorganisms in different hosts and the environment. However, biodiversity is not equally well studied among different biodiversity groups and Earth's systems with eukaryotes in freshwater sediments being among the least known. In this study, we used high‐throughput sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene to investigate the entire diversity of benthic eukaryotes in three distinct habitats (littoral sediment and hard substrate, profundal sediment) of Lake Ohrid, the oldest European lake. Eukaryotic sequences were dominated by annelid and arthropod animals (54% of all eukaryotic reads) and protists (Ochrophyta and Ciliophora; together 40% of all reads). Eukaryotic diversity was 15% higher in the deep profundal than on either near‐surface hard substrates or littoral sediments. The three habitats differed in their taxonomic and functional community composition. Specifically, heterotrophic organisms accounted for 92% of the reads in the profundal, whereas phototrophs accounted for 43% on the littoral hard substrate. The profundal community was the most homogeneous, and its network was the most complex, suggesting its highest stability among the sampled habitats.
The role of anthropogenic dispersal in shaping the distribution and genetic composition of a widespread North American tree species
Authors: Wyatt Graham E. , Hamrick J. L. , Trapnell Dorset W. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDispersal and colonization are among the most important ecological processes for species persistence as they allow species to track changing environmental conditions. During the last glacial maximum (LGM), many cold‐intolerant Northern Hemisphere plants retreated to southern glacial refugia. During subsequent warming periods, these species expanded their ranges northward. Interestingly, some tree species with limited seed dispersal migrated considerable distances after the LGM ~19,000 years before present (YBP). It has been hypothesized that indigenous peoples may have dispersed valued species, in some cases beyond the southern limits of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. To investigate this question, we employed a molecular genetics approach on a widespread North American understory tree species whose fruit was valued by indigenous peoples. Twenty putative anthropogenic (near pre‐Columbian habitations) and 62 wild populations ofAsimina triloba(pawpaw), which produces the largest edible fruit of any North American tree, were genetically assayed with nine microsatellite loci. Putative anthropogenic populations were characterized by reduced genetic diversity and greater excess heterozygosity relative to wild populations. Anthropogenic populations in regions that were glaciated during the LGM had profiles consistent with founder effects and reduced gene flow, and shared rare alleles with wild populations hundreds of kilometers away (mean = 723 km). Some of the most compelling evidence for human‐mediated dispersal is that putative anthropogenic and wild populations sharing rare alleles were separated by significantly greater distances (mean = 695 km) than wild populations sharing rare alleles (mean = 607 km;p = .014). Collectively, the genetic data suggest that long‐distance dispersal played an important role in the distribution of pawpaw and is consistent with the hypothesized role of indigenous peoples.
Presence of active myocarditis at the 6 month follow‐up appointment for a severe form of COVID‐19: a case report
Authors: Meyer Maxence , Vogel Thomas , Meyer Anita , Constancias Florentin , Porter Louise F. , Kaltenbach Georges , Schmitt Elise , Chayer Saïd , Zeyons Floriane , Riou Marianne , Fafi‐Kremer Samira , Velay Aurélie , El Ghannudi Soraya 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHere, we present the case of an 81‐year‐old male patient, who was hospitalized for a severe form of COVID‐19. Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) performed 1 month after symptom onset was normal. Respiratory evolution was favourable, and the patient was discharged at Day 78. At 6 months, despite a good functional recovery, he presented pulmonary sequelae, and the TTE revealed a clear reduction of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and mild LV dilatation without cardiac symptoms. The cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) using Lake Louise Criteria (LLC), T1 and T2 mapping showed focal infero‐basal LV wall oedema, elevated T1 and T2 myocardial relaxation times especially in basal inferior and infero‐lateral LV walls, and sub‐epicardial late gadolinium enhancement in those LV walls. The diagnosis of active myocarditis was raised especially based on TTE abnormalities and CMR LLC, T1 and T2 mapping. Currently, we are not aware of published reports of a 6 month post‐COVID‐19 active myocarditis.
Efficient Synthesis of tert‐Butyl 2,4‐Dialkynylated and 2‐Alkynylated‐4‐Arylated‐1H‐Imidazole‐1‐Carboxylate via Regioselective Sonogashira Cross‐Coupling Reaction
Authors: Jismy Badr , El Qami Abdelkarim , Jacquemin Johan , Guillot Regis , Tikad Abdellatif , Abarbri Mohamed 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn efficient regioselective cross‐coupling reactions of tert‐butyl 2,4‐dibrominated‐5‐methyl‐1H‐imidazole‐1‐carboxylate is reported. This new synthetic route runs under simple and mild conditions and selectively gives an easy access to 2,4‐dialkynylated and 2‐alkynylated‐4‐arylated‐1H‐imidazole‐1‐carboxylate in good to excellent yields.
Peak to average power ratio alleviation by utilizing swarm intelligence along with machine learning for multiple input multiple output‐orthogonal frequency division multiplexing based underwater acoustic communication system
Authors: Banoori Farhad , Shi Jinglun , Arshad Jehangir , Han Ruiyan , Usman Muhammad 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn underwater acoustic (UWA) network uses multiple input multiple output‐orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO‐OFDM) to achieve high data rate with high amplitude that results in terms of augmented peak to average power ratio (PAPR). This significant PAPR deemed as a stumbling block to degrade the performance of MIMO‐OFDM in UWA communication by causing nonlinear distortion within the high‐power amplifier (HPA). While PAPR mitigation techniques have been suggested for the single input single output UWA case, there has been limited research work on controlling the PAPR dilemma in the MIMO‐OFDM UWA case. To address this flaw, this article proposes a modified behavior of the artificial bee colony algorithm at the transmission end, which is further cross‐verified using machine learning techniques. The simulation results show that the proposed technique outperforms current state‐of‐the‐art PAPR diminishing methods, which is further enhanced in accordance with varying neuron counts and population size. Following that, we also analyzed and compared energy efficiency and performance gain of our proposed technique along with various advanced techniques. Furthermore, a desirable ratio between new and trained data was obtained to improve network efficiency by keeping PAPR values low.
Age and tectonic setting of Neoproterozoic gneissic granites in the southern Yili Block (NW China) and implications for the origins of the continental blocks in SW Central Asian Orogenic Belt
Authors: Sun Zhaochen , Wang Bo , Liu Jiashuo , Ni Xinghua , Song Fang 
Published: July 2021

Several ribbon‐like continental fragments with Precambrian basement were wrapped within Palaeozoic accretionary complexes in the southwest Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). Their origins and tectonic evolution are essential for understanding the accretionary orogeny of the CAOB and crustal growth versus continental reworking in Phanerozoic. The southern Yili Block in NW of China is one of the major continental fragments in SW CAOB. In order to better constrain the tectonic settings of the Precambrian basement of the southern Yili Block, we present new data of field structures, whole‐rock geochemical compositions, zircon U–Pb ages and Lu‐Hf isotopic ratios of the Neoproterozoic gneissic granites. Ductile deformation characterized by mylonitic foliations and stretching/mineral lineation is commonly recognized in the gneissic granites, which were cross‐cut by undeformed granitoids and mafic dykes. The gneissic granites yielded zircon U–Pb ages of 968 ± 5 Ma, 948 ± 8 Ma, and 873 ± 9 Ma. These gneissic granites show geochemical features of high potassium, peraluminous, calc‐alkaline series, enrichment of Th, K, Rb and depletion of Ba, Nd, Sr. They show zircon εHf(t) values from −5.5 to 2.0 and two‐stage zircon Hf model ages between 1.7 and 2.1 Ga. These new results indicate that the Neoproterozoic gneissic granites in the southern Yili Block derived from partial melting of meta‐greywackes that most likely had formed in a continental arc setting. A comparison of stratigraphy, magmatism and detrital zircon ages suggests that the southern Yili Block is similar with the northern Yili Block and Chinese Central Tianshan Block in term of Precambrian basement, and these continental fragments might have originated from Neoproterozoic orogenic belts.