bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural moisturizing factors in children with and without eczema: Associations with lifestyle and genetic factors
Authors: Basu M.N. , Mortz C.G. , Jensen T.K. , Barington T. , Halken S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundFilaggrin‐derived natural moisturizing factors (NMF) play an important role in skin barrier function and in atopic dermatitis (AD). Its deficiency is associated with dry skin and increased surface pH. Studies on childhood environmental exposures and associations with NMF levels are scarce.ObjectivesTo investigate previous exposures and genetic factors and their associations with NMF levels in young children.MethodsIn a case‐control study nested in a prospective birth cohort (Odense Child Cohort), 169 healthy controls (HC) and 99 children with AD were included consecutively at the age of 7 years based on previous responses from questionnaires administered at 18 months, 3 years and 5 years, pertaining to past medical history, including allergy‐specific questions. NMF levels were measured via a stratum corneum tape‐stripping technique, genotyping for filaggrin (FLG) gene variants was performed and data on external exposures, including usage of moisturizer and topical steroids, antibiotics and early pet exposures, were obtained from questionnaires.ResultsNatural moisturizing factors levels were significantly lower in AD participants compared to HC (P < 0.001). This significance persisted after stratifying for AD subgroups of present AD, current AD during the last year and previous AD (P < 0.001, P = 0.039, P = 0.009 respectively). There was a significant association between NMF and FLG genotype (P = 0.016, P = 0.002 for HC, AD respectively). NMF levels were negatively correlated with early age moisturizer use (<18 months, P = 0.001) in HC but not significant in AD.ConclusionsWe found decreased levels of NMF with early moisturizer use and a genetic influence of the FLG variant on these levels. NMF was decreased in the AD subgroup with previous AD compared with HC, which could suggest the persistence of a Th2 cytokine milieu suppressing these levels.
Clinical and dermatoscopic predictors of squamous cell carcinoma of the lips: a case‐control, multicentric study
Authors: Lallas A. , Martínez G. , Arceu M. , Kyrgidis A. , Liopyris K. , Brancaccio G. , Longo C. , Errichetti E. , Sgouros D. , Papageorgiou C. , Fotiadou C. , Siskou S. , Manoli S.M. , Sotiriou E. , Ioannides D. , Katoulis A. , Lazaridou E. , Todorovska V. , Argenziano G. , Apalla Z. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundSquamous cell carcinoma of the lip accounts for 20% of all oral carcinomas. Its diagnosis may be challenging because it clinically resembles actinic cheilitis and inflammatory lesions of the lips.ObjectivesTo determine clinical and dermatoscopic predictors of squamous cell carcinoma of the lip vs. other lip lesions.MethodsMulticentre retrospective morphological study, including histologically confirmed cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the lip and controls consisting of actinic cheilitis and inflammatory lesions of the lips. Clinical and dermatoscopic images were evaluated for the presence of predefined criteria. Crude and adjusted odds ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated by univariate and multivariate logistic regression respectively.ResultsA total of 177 lip lesions were evaluated, 107 (60.5%) were squamous cell carcinomas and 70 (39.5%) were controls. The most frequent dermatoscopic criteria of lip squamous cell carcinoma were scales (100%), white halos (87.3%) and ulceration (79.4%). The majority of squamous cell carcinomas displayed polymorphic vessels (60.8%), with linear (68.6%) and hairpin (67.6%) being the most frequent types. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that clinical predictors of lip squamous cell carcinoma were exophytic appearance and clinical hyperkeratosis, with 43‐fold and 6‐fold higher probability respectively. White clods and ulceration in dermoscopy presented a 6‐fold and 4‐fold increased risk for squamous cell carcinoma respectively.ConclusionsA scaly lesion with exophytic growth, dermatoscopically displaying white clods, ulceration and linear and hairpin vessels is very likely a squamous cell carcinoma of the lip.
Clustering model responses in the frequency space for improved simulation‐based flood risk studies: The role of a cluster number
Authors: Sikorska‐Senoner Anna E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHydrologic models are often employed in flood risk studies to simulate possible hydrologic responses. They are, however, linked with uncertainty that is commonly represented with uncertainty intervals constructed based on a simulation ensemble. This work adapts an alternative clustering‐based approach to first, learn about hydrological responses in the frequency space, and second, select an optimal number of clusters and corresponding representative parameters sets for a hydrologic model. Each cluster is described with three parameter sets, which enable percentile and prediction intervals to be constructed. Based on a small Swiss catchment with 10,000 years of daily pseudo‐discharge simulations, it was found that clustering the ensemble of 1000 members into 5–7 groups is optimal to derive reliable flood prediction intervals in the frequency space. This lowers the computational costs of using a hydrological model by 98%. The developed approach is suitable for probabilistic flood risk analysis with current or future climate conditions to assess hydrologic changes.
The impact of a modified carbohydrate formula, and its constituents, on glycaemic control and inflammatory markers: A nested mechanistic sub‐study
Authors: Doola Ra'eesa , Deane Adam M. , Barrett Helen L. , Okano Satomi , Tolcher Debbie M. , Gregory Kye , Coombes Jeff S. , Schalkwijk Casper , Todd Alwyn S. , Forbes Josephine M. , Sturgess David J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundHyperglycaemia occurs frequently in the critically ill. Dietary intake of advanced glycation end‐products (AGEs), specifically Nε‐(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), may exacerbate hyperglycaemia through perturbation of insulin sensitivity. The present study aimed to determine whether the use of nutritional formulae, with varying AGE loads, affects the amount of insulin administered and inflammation.MethodsExclusively tube fed patients (n = 35) were randomised to receive Nutrison Protein Plus Multifibre®, Diason® or Glucerna Select®. Insulin administration was standardised according to protocol based on blood glucose (<10 mmol L–1). Samples were obtained at randomisation and 48 h later. AGEs in nutritional formula, plasma and urine were measured using mass spectrometry. Plasma inflammatory markers were measured using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and multiplex bead‐based assays.ResultsAGE concentrations of CML in nutritional formulae were greatest with delivery of Nutrison Protein Plus® (mean [SD]; 6335 pmol mol–1 [2436]) compared to Diason® (4836 pmol mol–1 [1849]) and Glucerna Select® (4493 pmol mol–1 [1829 pmol mol–1]) despite patients receiving similar amounts of energy (median [interquartile range]; 12 MJ [8.2–13.7 MJ], 11.5 MJ [8.3–14.5 MJ], 11.5 MJ [8.3–14.5 MJ]). More insulin was administered with Nutrison Protein Plus® (2.47 units h–1 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.57–3.37 units h–1]) compared to Diason® (1.06 units h–1 [95% CI = 0.24–1.89 units h–1]) or Glucerna Select® (1.11 units h–1 [95% CI = 0.25–1.97 units h–1]; p = 0.04). Blood glucose concentrations were similar. There were associations between greater insulin administration and reductions in circulating interleukin‐6 (r = –0.46, p < 0.01), tumour necrosis factor‐α (r = −0.44, p < 0.05), high sensitivity C‐reactive protein (r = −0.42, p < 0.05) and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end‐products (r = −0.45, p < 0.01) concentrations.ConclusionsThe administration of greater AGE load in nutritional formula potentially increases the amount of insulin required to maintain blood glucose within a normal range during critical illness. There was an inverse relationship between exogenous insulin and plasma inflammatory markers.
A role for deficits in GABAergic neurosteroids and their metabolites with NMDA receptor antagonist activity in the pathophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Rasmusson Ann M. , Pineles Suzanne L. , Brown Kayla D. , Pinna Graziano 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTrauma‐focused psychotherapies show general efficacy in post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), although outcomes vary substantially among individuals with PTSD and many patients do not achieve clinically meaningful symptom improvement. Several factors may contribute to poor treatment response, including genetic or environmental (e.g., stress) effects on neurobiological factors involved in learning and memory processes critical to PTSD recovery. In this review, we discuss the relationship between deficient GABAergic neurosteroid metabolites of progesterone, allopregnanolone (Allo) and pregnanolone (PA), and PTSD symptoms in men and women or PTSD‐like behavioral abnormalities observed in male rodent models of PTSD. We also review the role and molecular underpinnings of learning and memory processes relevant to PTSD recovery, including extinction, extinction retention, reconsolidation of reactivated aversive memories and episodic non‐aversive memory. We then discuss preclinical and clinical research that supports a role in these learning and memory processes for GABAergic neurosteroids and sulfated metabolites of Allo and PA that allosterically antagonize NMDA receptor function. Studies supporting the possible therapeutic impact of appropriately timed, acutely administered Allo or Allo analogs to facilitate extinction retention and/or block reconsolidation of aversive memories are also reviewed. Finally, we discuss important future directions for research in this area. Examining the varied and composite effects in PTSD of these metabolites of progesterone, as well as neuroactive derivatives of other parent steroids produced in the brain and the periphery, will likely enable a broadening of targets for treatment development. Defining contributions of these neuroactive steroids to common PTSD‐comorbid psychiatric and medical conditions, as well as subpopulation‐specific underlying dysfunctional physiological processes such as hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis and immune system dysregulation, may also enable development of more effective multisystem precision medicines to prevent and treat the broader, polymorbid sequelae of extreme and chronic stress.
Optimal application method of a moisturizer on the basis of skin physiological functions
Authors: Ueda Yukiko , Murakami Yumi , Saya Yumiko , Matsunaka Hiroshi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundClinical studies have clarified the usefulness of moisturizers for dry skin diseases. However, few reports exist on the appropriate application of moisturizers with respect to the skin physiological functions.AimsTo clarify the optimal moisturizer application method on the basis of skin physiological functions.MethodsThis study investigated the appropriate time, dose, and frequency of moisturizer application from the perspective of skin physiology. In healthy subjects, the stratum corneum water content (SCW) was compared between different moisturizer application times (immediately [≤5 min] and 90 min after bathing), doses (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/cm2), and frequencies (once and twice daily). Thereafter, patients with dry skin were treated with the moisturizer once or twice daily for 8 weeks at the time, and application dose was determined to be optimal for the healthy subjects; the moisturizing effect was evaluated based on the SCW, trypsin activity, and desmoglein 1 localization score in the stratum corneum.ResultsIn healthy subjects, compared to at control sites, the SCW was significantly higher at sites treated with the moisturizer immediately after bathing, with 1.0 and 2.0 mg/cm2 of the moisturizer, and with once‐ and twice‐daily applications.In patients with dry skin, the SCW was significantly higher compared to control sites and the desmoglein 1 localization score was significantly lower after 8 weeks only when the moisturizer was applied twice daily.ConclusionsMoisturizer application of ≥1.0 mg/cm2 twice daily (immediately after bathing at night and in the morning) had a moisturizing effect, as verified from the skin physiological functions.
Advanced osmotic dehydration techniques combined with emerging drying methods for sustainable food production: Impact on bioactive components, texture, color, and sensory properties of food
Authors: Pandiselvam Ravi , Tak Yamini , Olum Emine , Sujayasree O. J. , Tekgül Yeliz , Çalışkan Koç Gülşah , Kaur Manpreet , Nayi Pratik , Kothakota Anjineyulu , Kumar Manoj 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe food industries are looking for potential preservation methods for fruits and vegetables. The combination of osmosis and drying has proved the efficient method to improve the food quality. Osmotic dehydration is a mass transfer process in which water molecules from the food move to an osmo‐active solution and the solutes from the solution migrate into the food. Advanced osmotic dehydration techniques such as electric field pulse treatment, ultrasonic and microwave‐assisted dehydration, pulsed vacuum, and osmodehydrofreezing can improve the nutritional quality (bioactive) and sensory properties (color, texture, aroma, flavor) of fresh and cut‐fruits without changing their reliability. Emerging osmotic dehydration technologies can preserve the structure of fruit tissue by forming microscopic channels and increasing effective water diffusivity. However, it is important to analyze the effect of advanced osmotic dehydration techniques on the quality of food products to understand the industrial scalability of these techniques. The present paper discusses the impact of recent osmotic dehydration techniques on bioactive, antioxidant capacity, color, and sensory profile of food.
Transitions for whom? Political alignment and subsidies for solar energy projects in rural Colombian municipalities
Authors: Cunial Santiago L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDoes having a politically aligned mayor affect the amount of funds that municipalities receive to develop solar energy? This article contributes to the literature on energy transitions by considering how political alignment affects the subnational distribution of subsidies for the development of small‐scale solar projects in noninterconnected municipalities in Colombia. By analyzing the 2015 Colombian mayoral elections with a regression discontinuity design, I show that municipalities that have a mayor aligned with the national incumbent party receive on the average U.S.$256 per capita more than those in which the major is not politically aligned. Yet, this effect holds only for municipalities with close elections, which in turn provides evidence of the swing‐voter hypothesis. I theorize that these differences can be explained by the nature of off‐grid solar systems as a private good in Colombian municipalities. The allocation of subsidies to aligned subnational regions is a strategy to consolidate the rule of the national party at the local level, whereby the national government can optimize electoral outcomes and legislative outputs.¿En que medida tener un alcalde alineado políticamente con el gobierno central afecta el financiamiento que recibe una municipalidad para desarrollar energía solar? Este artículo contribuye a la literatura sobre transiciones energéticas al considerar cómo el alineamiento político afecta la distribución subnacional de subsidios para el desarrollo de proyectos solares de pequeña escala en municipios no interconectados de Colombia. Analizo las elecciones a las alcaldías colombianas de 2015, con un diseño de regresión discontinua, y muestro que los municipios que tienen un alcalde alineado con el gobierno nacional reciben en promedio U.S.$256 per cápita más que aquéllos en los que el alcalde no está políticamente alineado. Este efecto persiste en los municipios con elecciones más competitivas, lo que proporciona evidencia de la hipótesis del votante indeciso. Argumento que estas diferencias pueden explicarse por la naturaleza de los proyectos solares de pequeña escala como bienes privados. La asignación de subsidios a regiones subnacionales alineadas es una estrategia para consolidar el gobierno del partido nacional a nivel local, mediante el cual el gobierno nacional puede optimizar los resultados electorales y legislativos.拥有一个政治倾向与执政党一致的市长，能影响城市用于开发太阳能所获得的资金数量吗？本文通过衡量政治倾向如何影响哥伦比亚不通电地区中用于开发小规模太阳能项目的地方补贴分配，进而对关于能源转型的文献作贡献。通过使用断点回归设计分析2015年哥伦比亚市长竞选，我发现，市长的政治倾向与国家执政党一致的城市所获得的资金数比其他城市平均高出256美金/每人。不过，这仅在选举结果势均力敌的的城市中成立，这反过来证明了中间选民假设（swing‐voter hypothesis）。我提出理论认为，哥伦比亚城市中离网太阳能系统作为私有物品的性质能解释这些差异。将补贴分配给政治倾向与执政党一致的地区是一种策略，用于巩固执政党对地方的控制，国家政府借此能优化选举结果和法律输出。
Abundance and importance of petrological type 1 chondritic material
Authors: Russell Sara S. , Suttle M. D. , King A. J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe review the mineralogy, petrology, and abundance of petrological type 1 extraterrestrial material. Such material has been completely altered by aqueous processing on its parent bodies. As well as the four meteorite groups that contain type 1 members (CI, CM, CR, and CY), we summarize data from the 2019 fall Flensburg and a recent reanalysis of the “meteorite” Bench Crater found on the Moon, along with fine‐grained micrometeorites, interplanetary dust particles, and xenoliths in meteorites. Type 1 materials exhibit a remarkably high diversity of alteration conditions (temperature, water‐to‐rock [W/R] ratios, and fluid composition) and starting mineralogy. Type 1 material comprises a significant component of the modern extraterrestrial flux to the Earth and was likely common throughout the solar system during the whole course of its history, pointing to both widespread accretion with ices and heating of parent bodies. Type 1 materials are composed predominantly of various phyllosilicates, carbonates, sulfides, and magnetite. Some type 1 materials appear to be part of a “CM clan” typified by serpentine‐rich phyllosilicate compositions and an oxygen isotope composition that falls in the 16O‐rich part of the CM field. Others span a wide range in δ18O (>30‰) and fall on or above the terrestrial fractionation line (+ve Δ17O). Positive Δ17O values are unusual for carbonaceous meteorites but are relatively common in type 1 materials. The wide variation in oxygen isotopes, as well as in textures, mineralogy, and bulk chemistry, points to multiple parent bodies that may originate in the inner and/or outer solar system. Cometary materials, or transition objects such as Main Belt comets or type D asteroids, are likely the source of much of the type 1 materials on Earth but relating them to specific parents requires more study.
The Woman Who Testified: The Pentecostalization of Psychiatry in Yaoundé, Republic of Cameroon
Authors: Durham Elizabeth 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article takes a case study approach to the predominance of Pentecostalism, a Christian movement emphasizing conversion and testimony to divine grace, among patients at Sommeil Psychiatric Hospital in Yaoundé, Republic of Cameroon. I argue that certain patients’ desire to serve as témoignage (French) or “testimony” (English) to life before and after Sommeil—to the efficacy of biomedical psychiatry—indicates a pattern in which patients drew on their Pentecostal affiliation to navigate psychiatric treatment. Grounded in 24 months of fieldwork with patients and families and hospital staff, I contend that patient experiences of treatment imperfectly paralleled prior and ongoing experiences of Pentecostalism, including cultivation of the desire to convert and testify. Taking this cultivation of desire as a form of subject‐making, I conceptualize the entanglement of religious and therapeutic subjectivities at Sommeil as a patient‐driven “Pentecostalization” of psychiatry, which offers patients plural possibilities and timeframes of health.
Bargaining theory over opportunity assignments and the egalitarian solution
Authors: Xu Yongsheng , Yoshihara Naoki 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper discusses issues of axiomatic bargaining problems over opportunity assignments. The fair arbitrator uses the principle of “equal opportunity” for all players to make the recommendation on resource allocations. A framework in such a context is developed and the egalitarian solution to standard bargaining problems is reformulated and axiomatically characterized.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients: A scoping review
Authors: Thomson Benjamin K. A. , Vaughan Stephen , Momciu Bogdan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical syndrome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) peritoneal dialysis (PD) peritonitis is poorly understood. Whether local tuberculosis (TB) patterns modify the clinical syndrome, and what factors associate with poor outcomes is also unknown.MethodsA scoping review identified published cases of TB PD peritonitis. Cases from low‐ and high‐TB burden areas were compared, and cases that did or did not suffer a poor clinical outcome were compared.ResultsThere were 216 cases identified. Demographics, presentation, diagnosis, treatment and outcomes were described. Significant delays in diagnosis were common (6.1 weeks) and were longer in patients from low‐TB burden regions (7.3 vs. 3.7 weeks). In low‐TB burden areas, slower diagnostic methods were more commonly used like PD fluid culture (64.3% vs. 32.7%), and treatment was less likely with quinolone antibiotics (6.9% vs. 34.1%). Higher national TB incidence and lower GDP per capita were found in cases that suffered PD catheter removal or death. Diagnostic delays were not longer in cases in which a patient suffered PD catheter removal or death. Cases that suffered death were older (51.9 vs. 45.1 years) and less likely female (37.8% vs. 55.7%). Removal of PD catheter was more common in cases in which a patient died (62.0% vs. 49.1%).ConclusionsOutcomes in TB PD peritonitis are best predicted by national TB incidence, patient age and sex. Several unique features are identified to alert clinicians to use more rapid diagnostic methods that might enhance outcomes in TB PD peritonitis.
Transient out‐of‐range impedance in “hybrid” implantable cardioverter‐defibrilator system: A case series
Authors: Orszulak Michał , Orszulak Witold , Urbańczyk‐Swić Dagmara , Filipecki Artur , Kwaśniewski Wojciech , Mizia‐Stec Katarzyna 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA retrospective analysis of 60 patients with hybrid implantable cardioverter‐defibrilator (ICD) systems: Boston Scientific device paired with non‐Boston leads. In 10 (17%) patients transient, out‐of‐range peaks of ventricular pace impedance trend were observed. Probable cause is header‐lead interaction incompatibility. This matter is known mainly for pacemakers systems but not for ICDs. Investigation this issue is crucial because consequences in ICD systems are unpredictable and risk might be higher than in pacing systems.