bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Appendicitis in Far North Queensland: a new take on an old story
Authors: Swift Kate , Thompson Fintan , Roeder Luisa , Choy Kay Tai , McDonald Malcolm , de Costa Alan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAppendicitis is a leading cause of surgical hospital admission. To date, there have been no published epidemiological studies describing appendicitis in tropical and remote Australia and none specifically documenting appendicitis in Indigenous Australians. This descriptive study used available state data to investigate appendicitis across Far North Queensland (FNQ).MethodsQueensland Health hospital admission data for FNQ was analysed to explore appendicitis epidemiology and outcomes in FNQ, 2012–2018. Population data for the same time period provided rates.ResultsOver the study period, 3458 hospital presentations for appendicitis were available for analysis. Mean incidence was 178 per 100 000/yr. Median age was 27 years with 50.1% female patients. The annual rate of appendicitis was higher in the Indigenous population. Most patients had a laparoscopic procedure with a low rate of conversion to open surgery (2.6%). More than 80% of patients were discharged from hospital in less than 3 days. Intensive care (ICU) admission rate was low overall (1.1%) although higher for Indigenous people (2.4%). Following discharge, the hospital re‐admission rate was 3.8% and all‐cause mortality was 0.03%.ConclusionThe incidence of appendicitis in FNQ is higher than that reported in the rest of Australia in both Indigenous and non‐Indigenous populations. Despite logistical challenges of health care, clinical outcomes are in line with best practice across the country. Clinicians in FNQ should maintain a high index of suspicion for diagnosing appendicitis in rural and remote settings.
Assessment of synthetic red cell therapy for extremely preterm ovine fetuses maintained on an artificial placenta life‐support platform
Authors: Usuda Haruo , Saito Masatoshi , Ikeda Hideyuki , Sato Shinichi , Kumagai Yusaku , Saito Yuya , Kawamura Shinichi , Hanita Takushi , Sakai Hiromi , Kure Shigeo , Yaegashi Nobuo , Newnham John P. , Kemp Matthew W. , Watanabe Shimpei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundArtificial placenta therapy (APT) is an experimental care strategy for extremely preterm infants born at 21–24 weeks’ gestation. In our previous studies, blood taken from the maternal ewe was used as the basis of priming solutions for the artificial placenta circuit. However, the use of maternal blood as a priming solution is accompanied by several challenges. We explored the use of synthetic red cells (hemoglobin vesicles; HbV) as the basis of a priming solution for APT used to manage extremely early preterm ovine fetuses.MethodsSix ewes with singleton pregnancies at 95 d gestation (term = 150 d) were adapted to APT and maintained with constant monitoring of key vital parameters. The target maintenance period was 72 h in duration. A synthetic red cell solution consisting of HbV, sheep albumin and electrolytes was used as priming solutions for the APT circuit. Fetuses were evaluated on gross appearance, physiological parameters and bleeding after euthanasia.ResultsTwo out of six APT fetuses were successfully maintained for the targeted 72 h experimental period with controllable anemia (>10 g/dl) and methemoglobinemia (<10%) using an infusion of blood transfusion and nitroglycerin delivered >1 h after APT commencement, a sufficient period of time to cross‐match blood products and screen for viral agents of concern.ConclusionsExtremely preterm sheep fetuses were maintained for a period of up to 72 h using APT in combination with circuit priming using a synthetic red cell (HbV) preparation. Although significant further refinements are required, these findings demonstrated the potential clinical utility of synthetic blood products in the eventual clinical translation of artificial placenta technology to support extremely preterm infants.
The Baby‐friendly Hospital Initiative for neonatal wards. A mini review
Authors: Maastrup Ragnhild , Hannula Leena , Hansen Mette Ness , Ezeonodo Aino , Haiek Laura N. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Baby‐friendly Hospital Initiative for Neonatal Wards (Neo‐BFHI) is an expansion of the WHO/UNICEF Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding to address the needs of infants and families in all levels of neonatal care. The Neo‐BFHI includes Three Guiding Principles as basic tenets, Ten Steps to protect, promote and support breastfeeding closely following the original Baby‐friendly Hospital Initiative, and adherence to the International Code of Marketing of Breast‐milk Substitutes. In 2020, the WHO/UNICEF published recommendations for breastfeeding small, sick and preterm newborns that aligns with the Neo‐BFHI. Conclusion: This mini review provides a brief description of the content in the Neo‐BFHI.
Home phototherapy of term neonates improves parental bonding and stress: Findings from a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Pettersson Miriam , Eriksson Mats , Odlind Andreas , Ohlin Andreas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimWe aimed to evaluate whether in‐home phototherapy for hyperbilirubinaemia could reduce the poorer parent‐infant bonding and increased parental stress associated with neonatal hospital treatment.MethodsIn this multicentre randomised controlled trial, we allocated families to either home phototherapy or standard hospital care. The primary outcome was parent‐infant bonding measured on the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire directly after therapy and 4 months later. Secondary outcomes were results on four other instruments measuring parental bonding, quality of life and mental health.ResultsWe randomised 78 of 147 newborn infants to intervention and 69 to the control group. No significant differences were detected in length of stay, mean bilirubin, or weight gain. Parents in the intervention group had better scores on bonding both at discharge (p = 0.034) and at 4 months (p = 0.008; effect size r = 0.2) and lower levels of stress at 4 months (p = 0.024) than controls. No statistically significant outcomes were found for the secondary outcomes.ConclusionIn‐home phototherapy improved bonding and reduced parental stress in comparison with usual in‐hospital treatment. Caregivers should consider offering home phototherapy to families of non‐immunised term infants with hyperbilirubinaemia.
Review article: the sphingosine 1 phosphate/sphingosine 1 phosphate receptor axis ‐ a unique therapeutic target in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Wang Jie , Goren Idan , Yang Bo , Lin Sinan , Li Jiannan , Elias Michael , Fiocchi Claudio , Rieder Florian 
Published: December 2021

SummaryBackgroundOzanimod, a high selective sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P) receptor (S1PR) 1/5 modulator was approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis. Additional S1PR modulators are being tested in clinical development programmes for both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.AimTo provide an overview of advances in understanding S1PRs biology and summarise preclinical and clinical investigations of S1P receptor modulators in chronic inflammatory disease with special emphasis on inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD).MethodsWe performed a narrative review using PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov.ResultsThrough S1PRs, S1P regulates multiple cellular processes, including proliferation, migration, survival, and vascular barrier integrity. The S1PRs function of regulating lymphocyte trafficking is well known, but new functions of S1PRs expand our knowledge of S1PRs biology. Several S1PR modulators are in clinical development for both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease and have shown promise in phase II and III studies with ozanimod now being approved for ulcerative colitis.ConclusionsS1P receptor modulators constitute a novel, promising, safe, and convenient strategy for the treatment of IBD.
Population pharmacokinetics and enterohepatic recirculation of hyzetimibe and its main metabolite in Chinese healthy subjects
Authors: Chen Wenjun , Ruan Zourong , Chen Jinliang , Yang Dandan , Shao Rong , Lou Honggang , Jiang Bo 
Published: December 2021

AimsHyzetimibe (HS‐25), a new drug approved for hypercholesterolaemia, exhibits obvious enterohepatic recirculation (EHC) after oral administration. Up to now, little is known about the kinetics of HS‐25. Therefore, we performed this population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) analysis aiming to describe the PK behaviour of HS‐25 and its main metabolite (M1), and to identify significant covariates contributing to the variability.MethodsThe plasma concentration data used for modelling were obtained from an open‐label, single‐dose, randomized, 2‐period crossover bioequivalence study. PopPK modelling was performed with NONMEM 7.4.1 using nonlinear mixed effect modelling approach. Goodness of fit plots, bootstrap and visual predictive check were used for model internal validation. Data from another study were used for external validation.ResultsData from 16 male and 8 female subjects were used in the PopPK analysis. HS‐25 and M1 concentrations in the modelling cohort were well described by a 1‐compartment model incorporating first‐pass metabolism and a gallbladder compartment, accounting for the EHC process. The release kinetic of gall was mimicked by a first‐order constant plus a switch on/off effect. Body weight was identified as a significant covariate effecting on the clearance and apparent distribution volume of HS‐25, as well as
, the transfer rate from metabolite compartment to gallbladder compartment. Internal and external validation demonstrated an acceptable predictive ability of the final model.ConclusionWe present the first PopPK model describing HS‐25 and M1 concentrations simultaneously, with the EHC process considered. The modelling and simulation results could provide reference for the clinical use of HS‐25.
Enforced dual‐specificity tyrosine‐regulated kinase 2 expression by adenovirus‐mediated gene transfer inhibits tumor growth and metastasis of colorectal cancer
Authors: Imaizumi Yuta , Yoshida Saishu , Kanegae Yumi , Eto Ken , Yoshida Kiyotsugu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractColorectal cancer is one of the most common gastrointestinal tumors with good outcomes; however, with distant metastasis, the outcomes are poor. Novel treatment methods are urgently needed. Our in vitro studies indicate that dual‐specificity tyrosine‐regulated kinase 2 (DYRK2) functions as a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer by regulating cell survival, proliferation, and apoptosis induction. In addition, DYRK2 expression is decreased in tumor tissues compared to nontumor tissues in colorectal cancer, indicating a correlation with clinical prognosis. In this context, we devised a novel therapeutic strategy to overexpress DYRK2 in tumors by adenovirus‐mediated gene transfer. The present study shows that overexpression of DYRK2 in colon cancer cell lines by adenovirus inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in vitro. Furthermore, in mouse subcutaneous xenograft and liver metastasis models, enforced expression of DYRK2 by direct or intravenous injection of adenovirus to the tumor significantly inhibits tumor growth. Taken together, these findings show that adenovirus‐based overexpression of DYRK2 could be a novel gene therapy for liver metastasis of colorectal cancer.
One‐step mini‐emulsion copolymerisation of waterborne polysiloxane‐modified polyacrylate/pigment hybrid latex and its application in textile pigment printing
Authors: Wang Fenping , Li Jiawei , Lu Lin , Yan Xiaofei , Qi Dongming , Chen Zhijie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTextile pigment printing and dyeing is an environmentally friendly and sustainable clean production technology that has the advantages of saving water, saving energy and reducing pollution. However, the application of this technology in industry is severely limited because of the disadvantages of stiff hand feeling, poor wet rubbing fastness and other performance properties of traditional pigment‐printed fabric. To improve the pigment printing performance, a novel method of preparing hybrid pigment latex containing silicone by one‐step mini‐emulsion copolymerisation of silicone and acrylic monomers was explored in this work. Here, a comprehensive study of the effect of the ratio of silicone and acrylic, and the silicone component of alkoxysilane and cyclic siloxanes, on the properties of hybrid latex films and pigment‐printed polyester fibres, was conducted. It was found that, with an increasing amount of silicone, the hybrid pigment latex films gradually enhanced the water resistance, flexibility and thermal stability properties. Those water repellencies and smooth feeling properties were achieved by incorporating the hydrophobicity and the flexibility of the copolymer chains of silicone. The waterborne self‐adhesive hybrid pigment containing silicone can be directly applied for pigment printing of polyester fabric. Compared with the control printing system (without silicone), it not only exhibited an equivalent colour strength, but also improved the colour fastness and hand feel. Based on these results, this approach may provide insights into the rational design of waterborne self‐adhesive textile hybrid pigments for high‐quality printing performance.
Neonatal quantitative electroencephalography and long‐term outcomes: a systematic review
Authors: van ’t Westende Charlotte , Geraedts Victor J , van Ramesdonk Tino , Dudink Jeroen , Schoonmade Linda J , van der Knaap Marjo S , Stam Cornelis J , van de Pol Laura A 
Published: December 2021

AimTo evaluate quantitative electroencephalogram (EEG) measures as predictors of long‐term neurodevelopmental outcome in infants with a postconceptional age below 46 weeks, including typically developing infants born at term, infants with heterogeneous underlying pathologies, and infants born preterm.MethodA comprehensive search was performed using PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from study inception up to 8th January 2021. Studies that examined associations between neonatal quantitative EEG measures, based on conventional and amplitude‐integrated EEG, and standardized neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years of age or older were reviewed. Significant associations between neonatal quantitative EEG and long‐term outcome measures were grouped into one or more of the following categories: cognitive outcome; motor outcome; composite scores; and other standardized outcome assessments.ResultsTwenty‐four out of 1740 studies were included. Multiple studies showed that conventional EEG‐based absolute power in the delta, theta, alpha, and beta frequency bands and conventional and amplitude‐integrated EEG‐related amplitudes were positively associated with favourable long‐term outcome across several domains, including cognition and motor performance. Furthermore, a lower presence of discontinuous background pattern was also associated with favourable outcomes. However, interpretation of the results is limited by heterogeneity in study design and populations.InterpretationNeonatal quantitative EEG measures may be used as prognostic biomarkers to identify those infants who will develop long‐term difficulties and who might benefit from early interventions.
Local responses to hostility to new asylum seeker centres in Norway
Authors: Strømsø Mette , Bygnes Susanne 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article investigates disagreement over how to respond to the establishment of asylum seeker centres in local communities. Building on interviews with individuals in one rural and one urban community in Norway, we analyse experiences and outcomes of the neighbourhood information meetings organized by the Directorate of Immigration before opening the new centres. We demonstrate that such meetings hold a broader social function, and they become arenas to raise concerns and manage disagreement among neighbours. When anti‐immigrant opinions expressed at the meetings are published in the media, community members counter the negative place representations that are not aligned with their own self‐identification. We identify three strategies of contestation deployed to counter negative media coverage: foreseeing conflict, claiming exceptionalism and mobilization to volunteer. Broader implications involve immigration authorities’ management of conflict when establishing such centres; their scope should not be limited to host‐guest relations but should include horizontal contestation within the community.
Figure of merit enhancement in thermoelectric materials based on γ‐Ln0.8Yb0.2S1.5‐y (Ln = Gd, Dy) solid solutions
Authors: V Sotnikov Aleksandr , M Syrokvashin Mikhail , V Bakovets Vladimir , Yu Filatova Irina , V Korotaev Evgeniy , Sh Agazhanov Alibek , A Samoshkin Dmitrii 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHere we report the study temperature dependencies of the Seebeck coefficient, the electrical resistivity (T = 300–750 K), the total thermal conductivity (T = 300–973 K), and the thermoelectric figure of merit (T = 300–750 K) of ceramic samples of γ‐Ln0.8Yb0.2S1.5‐y (Ln = Gd, Dy) solid solutions. It was found that Yb3+ ions in γ‐Ln0.8Yb0.2S1.5‐y act as the promoters of higher crystallite nucleation rate during the formation of solid solutions. This results in the sample dispersion increase and the formation of the additional phonon scattering centers (dislocations and strain stresses along the crystallites semi‐coherent boundaries). These features of the real structure determined the low value of thermal conductivity of γ‐Ln0.8Yb0.2S1.5‐y solid solutions. The lowest electrical resistivity 20 μΩ m at 750 K and the thermal conductivity 0.58 W/m K at 973 K, the highest Seebeck coefficient 125 μV/K at 700 K and the maximum thermoelectric efficiency, ZT = 0.60 (at 770 K) were obtained for γ‐Dy0.8Yb0.2S1.5‐y.
“There was no panic”—Nurse managers’ organising work for COVID‐19 patients in an outpatient clinic: A qualitative study
Authors: Jónsdóttir Helga , Sverrisdóttir Sólveig H. , Hafberg Anna , Ómarsdóttir Geirný , Ragnarsdóttir Erla D. , Ingvarsdóttir Steinunn , Ingadóttir Brynja , Hafsteinsdóttir Elín J. G. , Zoëga Sigríður , Blöndal Katrín 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimTo provide insight into the contribution of nursing to the establishment and running of a hospital‐based outpatient clinic for COVID‐19 infected patients, and thereby to inform the development of similar nursing care and healthcare more generally.DesignQualitative descriptive study centred on collaboration between nurse managers and researchers.MethodsDrawing on Donabedian’s model of quality health services and the work of Allen on “Nurses’ organising work”, data were collected using four semi‐structured, audio‐recorded, focus group interviews with five nurse managers. The interviews were conducted in May and June 2020, transcribed, and subsequently analysed using deductive and inductive content analysis into an overarching category, main categories, and sub‐categories.Results“There was no panic – challenged by the unprecedented” was a strong thread, which was reflected in two categories: (a) Everyone walked in step, containing the sub‐categories: Public officials set the tone, Creating order in disorder, and Mutual respect and teamwork, and (b) Inspired by extraordinary accomplishments, encompassing the sub‐categories: Realising one's potential and Unexpectedly rewarding. In exceptional circumstances the nurse managers’ decision‐making authority grew, material and manpower resources were sufficient, promptly constructed work procedures were in place, and tasks were completed instantly in trusting and respectful interdisciplinary collaboration. With sound support and trust from hospital directors, the nurse managers utilised their expertise to the fullest and they were proud of their work.ConclusionThe findings portray the almost invisible work of nurse managers in organising complex care. Although the circumstances were exceptional the findings speak to the accomplishments that can be gained when nurse managers have autonomy and the opportunity to utilise their professional capacity to the fullest.ImpactThe findings reveal the almost invisible work of nurses in organising complex care and can inform the establishment of outpatient clinics for patients infected with COVID‐19 and of healthcare development more generally.
Men who self‐harm—A scoping review of a complex phenomenon
Authors: Tofthagen Randi , Gabrielsson Sebastian , Fagerström Lisbeth , Haugerud Lena‐Maria , Lindgren Bitt‐Marie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo understand and care for men who self‐harm, it is important that healthcare professionals have understanding of how and why men self‐harm, men's experiences of self‐harm and what can be done to hinder or prevent self‐harm.AimsThe aim of this study was to synthesize the existing knowledge on men who self‐harm, with a special emphasis on background, self‐harming methods, experiences and reported therapeutic interventions and/or care approaches.DesignScoping review of internationally published and grey literature, based on a methodological framework by Arksey and O’Malley.Data sourcesSystematic electronic database searches were conducted in CINAHL, MEDLINE (Ovid) and PsycINFO. From a total of 684 studies found, 24 studies met the inclusion criteria: full‐text, published in English, peer‐reviewed studies and grey literature including a focus on men who self‐harm, men aged between 18 and 65 years, and published between 2010 and 2019.ResultsMen's self‐harm was understood as being related to mental disorders, a means of affect regulation, a loss of self‐control, and a means of interpersonal communication. Self‐harm can be a positive or negative experience, and there is a wide variety in the methods that men use to self‐harm: sharp objects, injection, ingestion, without aids or riskful behaviour. Few studies reported on therapeutic interventions and/or care approaches for men who self‐harm.ConclusionMen's self‐harm should be understood as a complex, socially and culturally conditioned phenomenon and studied from a multitude of perspectives.ImpactThis scoping review concludes that self‐harm among men should be understood as a complex, socially and culturally conditioned phenomenon. To empower men and support their recovery from self‐harm, a person‐centred approach should be incorporated into research on the subject and practice.