bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safe and effective delivery of supplemental iron to healthy older adults: The double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial protocol of the Safe Iron Study
Authors: Lewis Erin D. , Wu Dayong , Mason Joel B. , Chishti Athar H. , Leong John M. , Barger Kathryn , Meydani Simin N. , Combs Gerald F. 
Published: February 2021

The forms of iron currently available to correct iron deficiency have adverse effects, including infectious diarrhea, increased susceptibility to malaria, inflammation and detrimental changes to the gut microbiome. These adverse effects limit their use such that the growing burden of iron deficiency has not abated in recent decades. Here, we summarize the protocol of the “Safe Iron Study”, the first clinical study examining the safety and efficacy of novel forms of iron in healthy, iron-replete adults. The Safe Iron Study is a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial conducted in Boston, MA, USA. This study compares ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4·H2O) with two novel forms of iron supplements (iron hydroxide adipate tartrate (IHAT) and organic fungal iron metabolite (Aspiron™ Natural Koji Iron)). In Phase I, we will compare each source of iron administrated at a low dose (60 mg Fe/day). We will also determine the effect of FeSO4 co-administrated with a multiple micronutrient powder and weekly administration of FeSO4. The forms of iron found to produce no adverse effects, or adverse effects no greater than FeSO4 in Phase I, Phase II will evaluate a higher, i.e., a therapeutic dose (120 mg Fe/day). The primary outcomes of this study include ex vivo malaria (Plasmodium falciparum) infectivity of host erythrocytes, ex vivo bacterial proliferation (of selected species) in presence of host plasma and intestinal inflammation assessed by fecal calprotectin. This study will test the hypotheses that the novel forms of iron, administered at equivalent doses to FeSO4, will produce similar increases in iron status in iron-replete subjects, yet lower increases in ex vivo malaria infectivity, ex vivo bacterial proliferation, gut inflammation. Ultimately, this study seeks to contribute to development of safe and effective forms of supplemental iron to address the global burden of iron deficiency and anemia. Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03212677; registered: 11 July 2017.
A mixed methods protocol to evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of COVID-19 Community Assessment Hubs
Authors: Mulcahy Symmons Sophie , Fox Robert , Mannion Marese , Joyce David , De Brún Aoife , Glynn Liam , Ryan Damien , Keane Niamh , McAuliffe Eilish 
Published: February 2021

Background: Ireland’s health system has been under significant strain due to staff shortages and inadequate capacity. Critical care bed capacity per capita in Ireland is among the lowest in Europe, thus, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has put additional strain on an over-stretched system. COVID-19 Community Assessment Hubs (CAHs) were established to mitigate unnecessary admission to acute hospitals, and reduce infection spread by supporting COVID-19 positive or suspected positive patients to isolate at home, or in isolation facilities. There is some evidence that similar assessment centres may be a successful triage strategy to reduce burden on hospital and acute care. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 Community Assessment Hubs on service delivery in one region in Ireland. Methods: A mixed-methods approach will be used, incorporating co-design to engage stakeholders and ensure informed data capture and analysis. Online surveys will assess CAH patients’ experiences of access to and quality of care. Clinical patient data from CAHs will be collected and analysed using multinomial logistic regression to check for association with patient demographics and COVID-19 symptoms, and CAH early warning scores and outcomes (Transfer to Emergency Department, Transfer to isolation unit, Sent home with care plan). Semi-structured interviews will be conducted with: patients to elicit an in-depth understanding of experiences and acceptability of attending CAHs; and staff to understand challenges, benefits, and effectiveness of CAHs. Interview data will be analysed using a thematic analysis approach. Discussion: This study will provide valuable insights from both patient and staff perspectives on the operation of CAHs. We will evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of CAHs and propose areas for improvement of the service. This will contribute to international literature on the use of community assessment centres during infectious disease pandemics.
A New Global Optimization Scheme for Quadratic Programs with Low-Rank Nonconvexity
Authors: Cen Xiaoli , Xia Yong 
Published: February 2021

We consider the classical convex constrained nonconvex quadratic programming problem where the Hessian matrix of the objective to be minimized has r negative eigenvalues, denoted by (QPr). Based on a biconvex programming reformulation in a slightly higher dimension, we propose a novel branch-and-bound algorithm to solve (QP1) and show that it returns an [Formula: see text]-approximate solution of (QP1) in at most [Formula: see text] iterations. We further extend the new algorithm to solve the general (QPr) with r > 1. Computational comparison shows the efficiency of our proposed global optimization method for small r. Finally, we extend the explicit relaxation approach for (QP1) to (QPr) with r > 1. Summary of Contribution: Nonconvex quadratic program (QP) is a classical optimization problem in operations research. This paper aims at globally solving the QP where the Hessian matrix of the objective to be minimized has r negative eigenvalues. It is known to be nondeterministic polynomial-time hard even when r = 1. This paper presents a novel algorithm to globally solve the QP for r = 1 and then extends to general r. Numerical results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm in comparison with state-of-the-art algorithms/software for small r.
Current status of regenerative medicine in osteoarthritis
Authors: Im Gun-Il 
Published: February 2021

The high prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA), as well as the current lack of disease-modifying drugs for OA, has provided a rationale for regenerative medicine as a possible treatment modality for OA treatment. In this editorial, the current status of regenerative medicine in OA including stem cells, exosomes, and genes is summarized along with the author’s perspectives. Despite a tremendous interest, so far there is very little evidence proving the efficacy of this modality for clinical application. As symptomatic relief is not sufficient to justify the high cost associated with regenerative medicine, definitive structural improvement that would last for years or decades and obviate or delay the need for joint arthroplasty is essential for regenerative medicine to retain a place among OA treatment methods.Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(2):134–136.
The impact of noise in the operating theatre: a review of the evidence
Authors: Mcleod RWJ , Myint-Wilks L , Davies SE , Elhassan HA 
Published: February 2021

Introduction Noise has been recognised to have a negative impact on performance and wellbeing in many settings. Average noise levels have been found to range between 51dB and 79dB in operating theatres. Despite these levels of noise, there is little research investigating their effect on surgical team functioning. Methods A literature review to look at the impact of noise in the operating theatre was performed on MEDLINE, which included the search terms ‘noise’ OR ‘distraction’ AND ‘technical skill’ OR ‘Surgical skill’ OR ‘Operating Room’. Only 10 of 307 articles identified were deemed relevant. Findings Eight of ten studies found noise to be detrimental to communication and surgical performance, particularly regarding total errors and time to task completion. No studies found noise to be beneficial. Two studies found case-irrelevant verbal communication to be a frequent form of noise pollution in operating theatres; this is both perceived by surgeons to be distracting and delays patient care. Conclusion Noise and irrelevant verbal communications were both found to be harmful to surgical performance, surgeon experience and team functioning.
St Andrew's COVID-19 surgery safety (StACS) study: hand trauma
Authors: Miranda BH , Zberea DE , Pinto-Lopes R , Zweifel CJ , Sierakowski A , Sood MK ,   On behalf of the St Andrew's Collaborative
Published: February 2021

Introduction Adaptation is vital to ensure successful healthcare recovery during the COVID-19 pandemic. Hand trauma represents the most common acute emergency department presentation internationally. This study prospectively evaluates the COVID-19 related patient risk, when undergoing management within one of the largest specialist tertiary referral centres in Europe, which rapidly implemented national COVID-19 safety guidelines. Materials and methods A prospective cohort study was undertaken in all patients referred to the integrated hand trauma service, during the UK COVID-19 pandemic peak (April–May 2020); all were evaluated for 30-day COVID-19 related death. Random selection was undertaken for patients with hand trauma who either underwent non-operative (control group) or operative (surgery group) management; these groups were prospectively followed-up within a controlled cohort study design and telephoned at 30 days following first intervention (control group) or postoperatively (surgery group). Results Of 731 referred patients (566 operations), there were no COVID-19 related deaths. Both groups were matched for sex, age, ethnicity, body mass index, comorbidities, smoking, preoperative/first assessment COVID-19 symptoms, pre- and postoperative/first assessment isolation and positive COVID-19 contact (p > 0.050). There were no differences in high service satisfaction (10/10 compared with 10/10; p = 0.067) and treatment outcome (10/10 compared with 10/10; p = 0.961) scores, postoperative/first assessment symptoms (1%, 1/100 compared with 0.8%, 2/250; p = 1.000) or proportion of positive tests (7.1%, 1/14 compared with 2.2%, 2/92; p = 0.349), between the control (n = 100) and surgery (n = 250) groups. Conclusion These data support continued and safe service provision and no increased risk to patients who require surgical management. Such findings are vital for healthcare providers when considering service adaptations to reinstate patient treatment.
Third optical harmonic generation reveals circular anisotropy in tilted silicon nanowire array
Authors: Ustinov Alexey S. , Osminkina Liubov A. , Presnov Denis E. , Golovan Leonid A. 
Published: February 2021

In this Letter, we report on the circular anisotropy of third-harmonic (TH) generation in an array of silicon nanowires (SiNWs) of approximately 100 nm in diameter tilted to the crystalline silicon substrate at an angle of 45°. Numerical simulations of the scattering at the fundamental and TH frequencies of circularly polarized light by a single SiNW and an ansatz structure composed of 13 SiNWs used as a geometrical approximation of the real SiNW array indicate asymmetric scattering diagrams, which is a manifestation of the photonic spin Hall effect mediated by the synthetic gauge field arising due to the special guided-like mode structure in each SiNW. Despite strong light scattering in the SiNW array, the experimentally measured TH signal demonstrated significant dependence on the polarization state of incident radiation and the SiNW array spacial orientation in regard to the wave vector direction.
Improving the prioritization of children at the emergency department: Updating the Manchester Triage System using vital signs
Authors: Zachariasse Joany M. , Maconochie Ian K. , Nijman Ruud G. , Greber-Platzer Susanne , Smit Frank J. , Nieboer Daan , van der Lei Johan , Alves Claudio F. , Moll Henriëtte A. 
Published: February 2021

Background
Vital signs are used in emergency care settings in the first assessment of children to identify those that need immediate attention. We aimed to develop and validate vital sign based Manchester Triage System (MTS) discriminators to improve triage of children at the emergency department.

Methods and findings
The TrIAGE project is a prospective observational study based on electronic health record data from five European EDs (Netherlands (n = 2), United Kingdom, Austria, and Portugal). In the current study, we included 117,438 consecutive children <16 years presenting to the ED during the study period (2012–2015). We derived new discriminators based on heart rate, respiratory rate, and/or capillary refill time for specific subgroups of MTS flowcharts. Moreover, we determined the optimal cut-off value for each vital sign. The main outcome measure was a previously developed 3-category reference standard (high, intermediate, low urgency) for the required urgency of care, based on mortality at the ED, immediate lifesaving interventions, disposition and resource use. We determined six new discriminators for children <1 year and ≥1 year: “Very abnormal respiratory rate”, “Abnormal heart rate”, and “Abnormal respiratory rate”, with optimal cut-offs, and specific subgroups of flowcharts. Application of the modified MTS reclassified 744 patients (2.5%). Sensitivity increased from 0.66 (95%CI 0.60–0.72) to 0.71 (0.66–0.75) for high urgency patients and from 0.67 (0.54–0.76) to 0.70 (0.58–0.80) for high and intermediate urgency patients. Specificity decreased from 0.90 (0.86–0.93) to 0.89 (0.85–0.92) for high and 0.66 (0.52–0.78) to 0.63 (0.50–0.75) for high and intermediate urgency patients. These differences were statistically significant. Overall performance improved (R2 0.199 versus 0.204).

Conclusions
Six new discriminators based on vital signs lead to a small but relevant increase in performance and should be implemented in the MTS.
INVESTIGATION OF STRESS IN PRIMATES MAINTAINED IN ZOO AND ITS MAIN IMPLICATIONS ON BEHAVIOR AND WELL-BEING
Authors: Conceição Maria Gabriella , Sandra Conceição  
Published: February 2021

O Brasil é considerado o país com maior número de espécies de primatas conhecidos. Ambientes de cativeiros que não possuem um programa de enriquecimento ambiental, é comum que fiquem desestimulados facilmente com a vida em cativeiro, principalmente em zoológicos, podendo desenvolver uma condição de estresse crônico. Objetivo: Levantar por meio de revisão integrativa, as causas do estresse em primatas mantidos em zoológicos, enfocando as reações decorrentes dessas alterações, bem como suas implicâncias no comportamento e bem-estar. Metodologia: Revisão integrativa da literatura utilizando os descritores “Fisiopatologia”, “Estresse”, “Primatas”, “Zoológicos” e “Bem-Estar” nas principais bases de pesquisa cientifica. Resultados: De 38 artigos encontrados, 30 foram incluídos. Conclusão: Conclui-se que variações individuais no perfil comportamental expõem os primatas de maneira diferente às condições estressoras. No zoológico, a visitação, a ausência de estrutura, a diminuição do recinto, o manejo nutricional incorreto e o ambiente sem estímulos, podem ser potenciais fontes de estresse para alguns primatas alojados.
Palavras chave: Fisiopatologia; Estresse; Primatas; Zoológicos; Bem-Estar.
La moûsa canta la guerra: fragmentos de la cultura bélica por el mundo antiguo / Moûsa sings the war: fragments of the culture of war by the ancient world
Authors: Segundo Guzmán Miguel Ángel 
Published: February 2021

Resumen. La guerra en el mundo antiguo fue densamente simbolizada en varios registros, penetró múltiples estratos de lo social. El presente escrito mostrará los diversos caminos que recorrió la tradición guerrera entre algunas de las más representativas fuentes literarias de la cultura griega antigua. La violencia militar fue una parte central en la construcción de los imaginarios y las prácticas de los sujetos. En el marco de una civilización agonística, permitió traducir la existencia social, tejiendo, por medio de sus símbolos, las distintas facetas del hombre. La guerra en la poesía adquirió una dimensión épica: las gloriosas narraciones hicieron posible apropiarse de la violencia, embelleciéndola para el oído masculino en el marco de una civilización signada por los ideales bélicos. Palabras clave: Guerra, épica, honor, Antigüedad, representaciones.Abstract. In the ancient world, war was heavily symbolized in various records, penetrating multiple layers of the social stratums. The present paper shows the various paths the warrior tradition crossed among some of the most representative literary sources of Greek culture. A central part of the imaginary construct and subjects practices was the war violence. As part of an agonistic civilization, it allowed translate social existence, weaving, by its symbols, the different facets of man. Through poetry, war acquired an epic dimension: glorious stories make possible appropriating violence, embellishing it for the male ear in context with a civilization signed by military ideals. Keywords: War, epic, honor, Antiquity, representations.
Mitophagy receptor FUNDC1 is regulated by PGC‐1α/NRF1 to fine tune mitochondrial homeostasis
Authors: Liu Lei , Li Yanjun , Wang Jianing , Zhang Di , Wu Hao , Li Wenhui , Wei Huifang , Ta Na , Fan Yuyuan , Liu Yujiao , Wang Xiaohui , Wang Jun , Pan Xin , Liao Xudong , Zhu Yushan , Chen Quan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMitophagy is an essential cellular autophagic process that selectively removes superfluous and damaged mitochondria, and it is coordinated with mitochondrial biogenesis to fine tune the quantity and quality of mitochondria. Coordination between these two opposing processes to maintain the functional mitochondrial network is of paramount importance for normal cellular and organismal metabolism. However, the underlying mechanism is not completely understood. Here we report that PGC‐1α and nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1), master regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolic adaptation, also transcriptionally upregulate the gene encoding FUNDC1, a previously characterized mitophagy receptor, in response to cold stress in brown fat tissue. NRF1 binds to the classic consensus site in the promoter of Fundc1 to upregulate its expression and to enhance mitophagy through its interaction with LC3. Specific knockout of Fundc1 in BAT results in reduced mitochondrial turnover and accumulation of functionally compromised mitochondria, leading to impaired adaptive thermogenesis. Our results demonstrate that FUNDC1‐dependent mitophagy is directly coupled with mitochondrial biogenesis through the PGC‐1α/NRF1 pathway, which dictates mitochondrial quantity, quality, and turnover and contributes to adaptive thermogenesis.
Mobile late endosomes modulate peripheral endoplasmic reticulum network architecture
Authors: Spits Menno , Heesterbeek Iris T , Voortman Lennard M , Akkermans Jimmy J , Wijdeven Ruud H , Cabukusta Birol , Neefjes Jacques 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest organelle contacting virtually every other organelle for information exchange and control of processes such as transport, fusion, and fission. Here, we studied the role of the other organelles on ER network architecture in the cell periphery. We show that the co‐migration of the ER with other organelles, called ER hitchhiking facilitated by late endosomes and lysosomes is a major mechanism controlling ER network architecture. When hitchhiking occurs, emerging ER structures may fuse with the existing ER tubules to alter the local ER architecture. This couples late endosomal/lysosomal positioning and mobility to ER network architecture. Conditions restricting late endosomal movement—including cell starvation—or the depletion of tether proteins that link the ER to late endosomes reduce ER dynamics and limit the complexity of the peripheral ER network architecture. This indicates that among many factors, the ER is controlled by late endosomal movement resulting in an alteration of the ER network architecture.
KEEFEKTIFAN MODEL MIND MAPPING BERBANTUAN MEDIA DISPLAY TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR IPS
Authors: Damayanti Rafika 
Published: February 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji keefektifan model Pembelajaran Mind Mapping berbantuan Media Display terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas IV SD N Gugus KH.Samanhudi Kendal.Penelitian ini menggunakan Metode Kuantitatif dan jenis penelitian quasi eksperimen. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah kelas IV SD N Sendangdawuhan 02 sebanyak 26 siswa sebagai kelas eksperimen, kelas IV SD N Bulak 02 sebanyak 28 siswa.Data hasil belajar dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji-t untuk menguji perbedaan rata-rata kelas kontrol dan kelas eksperimen. Hasil perhitungan menggunakan Independent Sample T-Test menujukan jika nilai (2-tailed) < 0,05 ,karena hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kolom (2- tailed) yaitu sebesar 0,000 yang berarti lebih kecil dari 0.05. Simpulannya bahwa model pembelajaran Mind Mapping berbantuan media display efektif digunakan dalam pembelajaran IPS . Saran guru dan siswa diharapkan untuk menerapkan model pembelajaran Mind Mapping berbantuan media display dalam pembelajaran di kelas dan untuk model mencatat sehari-hari agar dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa sehingga mutu sekolah dapat meningkat.
The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of the Mind Mapping Learning Model assisted by Display Media in the fourth grade students' learning outcomes at KH. Samanhudi Cluster Elementary School, Kendal Regency. This study used a quantitative method and quasi-experimental type of research. The samples in this study were the fourth grade students at Sendangdawuhan 02 Elementary School in the number of 26 students as the experimental class, the fourth grade students at Bulak 02 Elementary School in the number of 28 students. The learning outcomes were analyzed using t-test to test the average difference of the control class and the experimental class. The result of calculations using the Independent Sample T-Test addressed if the value (2-tailed) <0.05, because the results of the study showed that the column (2- tailed) was equal to 0,000 which means it was smaller than 0.05. The conclusion was the Mind Mapping learning model assisted by display media was effectively used in social studies learning. It was suggested for the teachers and the students to apply Mind Mapping learning model assisted by display media in the classroom and for note-writing in order to improve students' learning outcomes so that the school quality could also improve.