bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Separation and Characterization of the Related Substances of Bedaquiline Fumarate Using HPLC and Spectral Methods
Authors: Baksam Vijaya Kumar , Nimmakayala Saritha , Pocha Vasundara Reddy , Gouri Bhattacharyya , Shandilya Sanjeev , Kumar Pramod 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The study focuses on isolating and characterizing the potential degradation products (DPs) and impurities of Bedaquiline fumarate in bulk drug form. A stability-indicating related substance method was developed and validated using high-performance liquid chromatography. Agilent Poroshell 120EC- C18 (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 2.7 μm) column showed an optimum separation of 10 analytes. The mobile phase contained 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid, acetonitrile and methanol in a time gradient mode. Bedaquiline fumarate was susceptible to acid hydrolysis, oxidation, base hydrolysis and showed three potential DPs, including DP-1, DP-2 and Impurity-8. Degradation products, DP-1 and DP-2, were isolated and characterized by ESI-MS, 1H, NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The developed method was validated according to ICH tripartite guidelines and showed adequate specificity, accuracy and linearity. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation were 0.05 and 0.15 μg/mL, respectively.
Pleural effusion in Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome: an uncommon manifestation
Authors: Levy Faber Dan , Galili Ronen , Sharoni Erez 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome is characterized by a combination of vascular abnormalities and limb hypertrophy. Pleural effusion as a manifestation of this syndrome is almost never mentioned in the literature. We present a case of persistent bilateral pleural effusion in a patient with Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome and share our experiences treating this scenario.
On Weak and Viscosity Solutions of Nonlocal Double Phase Equations
Authors: Fang Yuzhou , Zhang Chao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe consider the nonlocal double phase equation $$\begin{align*} \textrm{P.V.} &\int_{\mathbb{R}^n}|u(x)-u(y)|^{p-2}(u(x)-u(y))K_{sp}(x,y)\,\textrm{d}y\\ &+\textrm{P.V.} \int_{\mathbb{R}^n} a(x,y)|u(x)-u(y)|^{q-2}(u(x)-u(y))K_{tq}(x,y)\,\textrm{d}y=0, \end{align*}$$where $1&lt;p\leq q$ and the modulating coefficient $a(\cdot ,\cdot )\geq 0$. Under some suitable hypotheses, we first use the De Giorgi–Nash–Moser methods to derive the local Hölder continuity for bounded weak solutions and then establish the relationship between weak solutions and viscosity solutions to such equations.
A ‘Sufi’ epistle on spiritual poverty, and its authors: authenticity, authority, and genre in textual reproduction
Authors: Kars Aydogan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A range of widely copied Arabic works on asceticism and spiritual poverty attributed to prominent Muslim scholars, Najm al-Dīn al-Kubrā, ʿUmar al-Suhrawardī, Yaḥyā al-Suhrawardī, Athīr al-Dīn al-Abharī, and Aḥmad Zarrūq, are either identical, or contain significant overlaps. This paper analyses the content and reception of this work, and the 36 manuscripts of it available, in order to clarify the issues around its authenticity, authorship, and genre. It makes four key arguments. First, it argues that Minhāj al-sālikīn widely attributed to al-Kubrā is not an authentic work. It is a recent ascription that invents this title and changes the creedal content of an originally longer work. Second, a shorter version of this work can be ascribed to ʿUmar al-Suhrawardī in a particular sense of pre-modern authorship. He compiled a selection from the longer work that was penned by someone else––in the same way his Irshād al-murīdīn is mostly selections from al-Qushayrī’s Risāla. Third, different versions of the treatise are mistakenly attributed to Zarrūq, Athīr al-Dīn al-Abharī, and Yaḥyā al-Suhrawardī in various publications and manuscripts. Finally, the original version was penned by one of the less-known teachers of Ibn al-ʿArabī, Abū ʿAmr ʿUthmān al-Abharī, and soon attributed to more celebrated figures. Through these later agents and their attributions, reproductions, redactions, and publications, the text came to be situated within a Sufi framework and genre. Thus, the epistle on poverty exemplifies not only the construction of ‘Sufism’ as a genre beyond the authorial intention, but also the dispersal of the author-function typical for this genre.
Women at the Table: Identifying Factors through Which Women Have the Opportunity to Influence Peace Agreement Design
Authors: Aduda Levke , Liesch Johanna 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUnited Nations Resolution 1325 asks all participants of peace talks to take on a gender perspective during negotiations. Consequently, the overall proportion of women participating in peace negotiations has increased; with this increase, more gender-specific topics are placed on the agenda of peace talks. However, because women are often invited to the negotiation table for window-dressing purposes only, the question arises: how do women at the negotiation table influence the scope and specificity of peace agreements regarding gender provisions? We argue that to influence peace agreements regarding gender provisions, delegates need to have the willingness and the opportunity to push for their inclusion. In our theoretical argument, we identify different factors through which female delegates have the opportunity to do so. Analyzing the peace processes in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Philippines, South Sudan, and Nepal we find that a combination of factors at and aside the negotiation table allows women to influence peace talks regarding the inclusion and specificity of gender provisions in peace agreements. Our findings imply that women need to have the opportunity to influence the talks; their sole presence does not suffice for the implementation of Resolution 1325.
A case of haemorrhagic cholecystitis with no risk factors
Authors: Khan Hotak Mirwais , Joseph Christo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Haemorrhagic cholecystitis (HC) is a rare cause of cholecystitis that can be fatal if management is delayed. HC could present in the setting of trauma, malignancy and bleeding diathesis, such as renal failure, cirrhosis and anticoagulation. Its symptoms are easily confused with acute calculous or acalculous cholecystitis and might include haemobilia or hematemesis as blood drains from the gallbladder into the gastrointestinal tract. Imaging of HC can be misleading unless the possibility of this diagnosis is considered. In this report, we present an interesting case of HC in a patient with none of the above comorbidities and the patient who was not on anticoagulation neither anti platelets. The case includes relevant imaging and a review of the literature on this rare subject.
A case of naevus sebaceus of Jadassohn of the scalp in Jamaica
Authors: Williams Geoffrey , Diaz Gabriella , Blake Garfield 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Naevus sebaceus (NS), also referred to as NS of Jadassohn, is a rare non-melanocytic congenital cutaneous hamartoma with mainly sebaceous differentiation. NS has pluripotent potential with the possible evolution of benign and/or malignant neoplastic transformation. Literature of clinical audit and retrospective analyses conclude that there is no need for prophylactic excision except for cases in which malignant transformation is suspected. Although malignant transformation is rare, there are psychosocial issues with which to contend. We present a case of a 5 year-old girl with a cerebriform mass to her right parietal scalp, which was present at birth.
CmFSI8/CmOFP13 encoding an OVATE family protein controls fruit shape in melon
Authors: Ma Jian , Li Congcong , Zong Mei , Qiu Yanhong , Liu Yuemin , Huang Yating , Xie Yuli , Zhang Huijun , Wang Jianshe 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Fruit shape is an important quality and yield trait in melon (Cucumis melo). Although some quantitative trait loci for fruit shape have been reported in in this species, the genes responsible and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we identified and characterized a gene controlling fruit shape from two melon inbred lines, B8 with long-horn fruit and HP22 with flat-round fruit. Genetic analysis suggested that the shape was controlled by a single and incompletely dominant locus, which we designate as CmFSI8/CmOFP13. This gene was finely mapped to a 53.7-kb interval on chromosome 8 based on bulked-segregant analysis sequencing and map-based cloning strategies. CmFSI8/CmOFP13 encodes an OVATE family protein (OFP) and is orthologous to AtOFP1 and SlOFP20. The transcription level of CmFSI8/CmOFP13 in the ovary of HP22 was significantly higher than that in B8, and sequence analysis showed that a 12.5-kb genomic variation with a retrotransposon insertion identified in the promoter was responsible for elevating the expression, and this ultimately caused the differences in fruit shape. Ectopic overexpression of CmFSI8/CmOFP13 in Arabidopsis led to multiple phenotypic changes, including kidney-shaped leaves and shortened siliques. Taken together, our results demonstrate the involvement of an OFP in regulating fruit shape in melon, and our improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms will enable us to better manipulate fruit shape in breeding.
Gödelian sentences, Rosserian sentences and truth
Authors: Assadi Ziba , Salehi Saeed 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThere is a long-standing debate in the logico-philosophical community as to if/why the Gödelian sentences of a consistent and sufficiently strong theory are true ($\gamma $ is a Gödelian sentence of $T$ when $\gamma $ is equivalent to the $T$-unprovability of $\gamma $ inside $T$). The prevalent argument seems to be something like the following: since every one of the Gödelian sentences of such a theory is equivalent to the consistency statement of the theory, even provably so inside the theory, the truth of those sentences follows from the consistency of the theory in question; so, Gödelian sentences of consistent and sufficiently strong theories are true. In this paper, we critically examine this argument and present necessary and sufficient conditions for the truth of Gödelian sentences (and Rosserian sentences) of consistent and sufficiently strong arithmetical theories.
Origin of cool cores, cold fronts, and spiral structures in cool core clusters of galaxies
Authors: Inoue Hajime 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We consider a situation in which a brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) moves in ambient hot gas in the central region of a cool core cluster of galaxies, following the study by Inoue (2014, PASJ, 66, 60). In the rest frame of the BCG, the hot gas is supposed to flow toward the BCG in parallel from a sufficiently large distance. Then, it is expected that only the gas flowing with an impact parameter less than a critical value is trapped by the gravitation field of the BCG because of the efficient radiative cooling, getting a cooling flow, and that the remaining outer gas can get over the potential well. In such a circumstance, we can draw the following picture: A boundary layer between the out-flowing gas and the trapped gas arises around the stagnation point at the back side of the BCG. Since the boundary temperature is so low as to be X-ray dim, the boundary could be observed as the cold front in X-rays. The trapped gas stagnates on the inner side of the boundary and starts in-falling toward the BCG. Since the wandering motion of the BCG is likely to have a rotational component, the Coriolis force induces a rotational motion in the in-falling flow from the stagnation place to the BCG, forming a spiral structure around the BCG. The spiraling flow turns the BCG on the up stream side of the main flow from the far outside, and another boundary layer arises that has contact discontinuity with the main hot gas flow. These pictures reproduce the observed features such as cool cores, cold fronts, and spiral structures well. It can also be resolved how the cooling flow is suppressed from what the cooling flow hypothesis predicts, without any heating mechanism.
EEG alpha and theta signatures of socially and non-socially cued working memory in virtual reality
Authors: Gregory Samantha E A , Wang Hongfang , Kessler Klaus 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this preregistered study (https://osf.io/s4rm9) we investigated the behavioural and neurological [electroencephalography; alpha (attention) and theta (effort)] effects of dynamic non-predictive social and non-social cues on working memory. In a virtual environment realistic human-avatars dynamically looked to the left or right side of a table. A moving stick served as a non-social control cue. Kitchen items were presented in the valid cued or invalid un-cued location for encoding. Behavioural findings showed a similar influence of the cues on working memory performance. Alpha power changes were equivalent for the cues during cueing and encoding, reflecting similar attentional processing. However, theta power changes revealed different patterns for the cues. Theta power increased more strongly for the non-social cue compared to the social cue during initial cueing. Furthermore, while for the non-social cue there was a significantly larger increase in theta power for valid compared to invalid conditions during encoding, this was reversed for the social cue, with a significantly larger increase in theta power for the invalid compared to valid conditions, indicating differences in the cues’ effects on cognitive effort. Therefore, while social and non-social attention cues impact working memory performance in a similar fashion, the underlying neural mechanisms appear to differ.
Telehealth Professionalism Education for Advanced Practice Nursing Students
Authors: Chike-Harris Katherine E. , Lauerer Joy , Powers Angie , Stanley Angela 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Telehealth professionalism is an often-overlooked element when performing telehealth visits, but it is one that can impact patient and provider satisfaction with this health care delivery modality. This article describes a telehealth professionalism activity that was integrated into the education of advanced practice registered nursing students as one part of their telehealth education. Attainment in knowledge with this activity, in conjunction with positive student feedback, shows promise regarding the impact of the educational intervention and its sustainability.
Diotic and Antiphasic Digits-in-noise Testing as a Hearing Screening and Triage Tool to Classify Type of Hearing Loss
Authors: De Sousa Karina C. , Smits Cas , Moore David R. , Myburgh Hermanus C. , Swanepoel De Wet 
Published: November 2021

Objectives:
The digits-in-noise test (DIN) is a popular self-test measure that has traditionally been used to screen for hearing loss by providing either a pass or refer result. Standard approaches either tested each ear monaurally or used a binaural diotic version where identical digits and noise were presented simultaneously to both ears. Recently, a dichotic, antiphasic version was developed, increasing sensitivity of the DIN to unilateral or asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and conductive hearing loss (CHL). The purpose of this study was to determine predictors and normative ranges of the antiphasic and diotic DIN and to determine if a combination of diotic and antiphasic DIN could accurately categorize hearing into (1) normal, (2) bilateral SNHL, or (3) unilateral SNHL or CHL.

Design:
The analytical sample consisted of 489 participants between the ages of 18 and 92 years with varying types, symmetry, and degrees of hearing loss. Degree and type of hearing loss were determined based on standard clinical four-frequency (0.5–4 kHz) pure-tone air and bone conduction threshold averages. The sample consisted of bilateral normal hearing (n = 293), bilateral SNHL (n = 172), unilateral SNHL (n = 42), and CHL (n = 32). All participants (n = 489) first completed an antiphasic DIN (digit stimuli 180° out-of-phase between ears), while 393 of the sample also completed a diotic DIN. Two procedures were assessed for their ability to categorize hearing into one of the three hearing groups. The first used a fixed antiphasic cutoff combined with a cutoff formed by a linear combination of antiphasic and diotic speech recognition threshold (SRT) or binaural intelligibility-level difference.

Results:
Poorer ear pure-tone average was the strongest predictor of antiphasic DIN score, whereas better ear pure-tone average explained more of the variance in diotic SRT. The antiphasic DIN sensitivity and specificity was 90% and 84%, respectively, for detecting hearing loss, with outstanding area under the receiver operating characteristics values exceeding 0.93 to identify hearing loss in the poorer ear. The first fixed SRT cutoff procedure could categorize 75% of all participants correctly, while the second procedure increased correct categorization to 79%. False negative rates for both procedures were below 10%.

Conclusions:
A sequential antiphasic and diotic DIN could categorize hearing to a reasonable degree into three groups of (1) normal hearing; (2) bilateral SNHL; and (3) unilateral asymmetric SNHL or CHL. This type of approach could optimize care pathways using remote and contactless testing, by identifying unilateral SNHL and CHL as cases requiring medical referral. In contrast, bilateral SNHL cases could be referred directly to an audiologist, or nontraditional models like OTC hearing aids.
Methods of Quantifying Intraoperative Blood Loss in Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: McKibben Natasha S. , Lindsay Sarah E. , Friess Darin M. , Zusman Natalie L. , Working Zachary M. 
Published: November 2021

Objectives:
To collect and present the recently published methods of quantifying blood loss (BL) in orthopaedic trauma.

Data Sources:
A systematic review of English-language literature in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines on articles describing the methods of determining BL in orthopaedic trauma published since 2010.

Study Selection:
English, full-text, peer-reviewed articles documenting intraoperative BL in an adult patient population undergoing orthopaedic trauma surgery were eligible for inclusion.

Data Extraction:
Two authors independently extracted data from the included studies. Articles were assessed for quality and risk of bias using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias and ROBINS-I.

Data Synthesis:
The included studies proved to be heterogeneous in nature with insufficient data to make data pooling and analysis feasible.

Conclusions:
Eleven methods were identified: 6 unique formulas with multiple variations, changes in hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, measured suction volume and weighed surgical gauze, transfusion quantification, cell salvage volumes, and hematoma evacuation frequency. Formulas included those of Gross, Mercuriali, Lisander, Sehat, Foss, and Stahl, with Gross being the most common (25%). All formulas used blood volume estimation, determined by equations from Nadler (94%) or Moore (6%), and measure change in preoperative and postoperative blood counts. This systematic review highlights the variability in BL estimation methods published in current orthopaedic trauma literature. Methods of quantifying BL should be taken into consideration when designing and evaluating research.
Normal Humeral Head Ossification in Pediatric and Adolescent Shoulders Can Mimic Hill-Sachs Lesions: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging–based Study
Authors: Kelly Alexander , Heath Madison R. , Amoroso Elizabeth E. , Mackie Alexandra T. , Greditzer Harry G. , Owens Brett D. , Fabricant Peter D. 
Published: November 2021

Background:
The sequential maturation of the humeral head (HH) as viewed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has not been described to date. Proper assessment may be complicated by the presence of physeal tissue in pediatric patients. Past studies suggest that skeletally immature patients may also have a higher risk of a false-positive diagnosis of Hill-Sachs lesion on MRI. The purpose of this study was to define pediatric HH developmental patterns using MRI and to investigate for any associations with findings of known false-positive Hill-Sachs.

Methods:
Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) records at an urban academic tertiary care musculoskeletal facility from 2014 to 2020 were queried for shoulder MRI in patients aged 0 to 15 years. Patients were excluded if they had a history of glenohumeral instability, fracture, growth arrest, brachial plexus injury, surgery, or infection. All images were independently evaluated by a musculoskeletal fellowship-trained radiologist. Each HH was staged based on skeletal maturity.

Results:
For both sexes, HHs matured in a predictable manner with increasing chronological age associated with a higher ossification stage. False Hill-Sachs lesions were observed in girls aged 4 to 7 and boys aged 5 to 14, exclusively during stage I to II ossification.

Conclusions:
False Hill-Sachs lesions were visualized on MRI in stage I to II proximal humerus ossification. Due to differential timing of skeletal maturation, males present with false Hill-Sachs lesions at a later age than females on average. When interpreting shoulder MRI for glenohumeral instability, clinicians should be cautious of false Hill-Sachs lesions, especially in younger patients with distinct greater tuberosity and HH ossification centers (stage I to II ossification).

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Peer Review Processes for Quality Improvement in Health Care Settings and Their Implications for Health Care Professionals: A Meta-Ethnography
Authors: Tang Sammer , Bowles Alexandra , Minns Lowe Catherine 
Published: November 2021

Introduction:
Peer review processes are used to improve professional practice in health care, although no synthesis of existing studies has yet been undertaken. These processes are included in the UK professional revalidation processes for medical practitioners and nurses and midwives but not for allied health professionals. The purpose of this review was to identify, appraise, and synthesize the available qualitative evidence regarding health care professionals' experiences and views about peer review processes and to explore the implications for health care professionals in the United Kingdom.

Methods:
Qualitative review using meta-ethnography, reported according to Meta-ethnography Reporting Guidance guidance. Search strategy was developed using MeSH headings. The following data sources were searched: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, MEDLINE, and Ovid full text (between May 2007 and May 2019) (one reviewer with librarian support) plus manual searching. Screening, data extraction, and evaluation were undertaken independently by two reviewers. Studies were independently appraised for quality by two reviewers to identify concepts which were compared and developed into a conceptual model by the team.

Results:
Thirteen studies (937 participants) were included. Findings explored peer review processes and three key components, namely, purpose, process, and peers. Participants' perceptions of peer review processes were categorized by four main concepts: value/benefits, reflection/shared learning, anxiety about the process, and how to improve “buy-in.”

Discussion:
Evidence supports the introduction and use of peer review processes as a quality improvement tool. Further research exploring whether/how to incorporate peer review processes into the process of assessing continuing fitness to practice for allied health professionals seems appropriate. The time and resources required to implement peer review processes are considered barriers to implementation.