bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potensi Tindak Pidana Kriminal oleh Anak Remaja ditinjau dari Faktor Umur dan Pendidikan dengan Metode Multi Factor Evaluation Process (MFEP)
Authors: Limbong Riswan , Siregar Kristian 
Published: October 2021

According to statistics in 2013 there were 535 cases and in 2014 there were 723 cases, and based on the data there was an increase of Â± 1.35%. The cause of this crime is caused by many factors, but if the factors that cause this crime are known to be earlier by the parents (community), perhaps parents can educate their children and can reduce the number of juvenile perpetrators of physical criminal offenses. The physical crimes referred to in this study are: Robbery, Public order theft and murder.
Multifactor Evaluation Process (MFEP) is a quantitative method that uses a "weighting system". In multifactorial decision making, decision makers are subjectively and intuitively weighing various factors that have an important influence on their alternative choices. For decisions that have a strategic influence, it is advisable to use a quantitative approach such as MFEP. In MFEP, all criteria are first, which are important factors in making consideration given appropriate weighting. The same steps are also taken for the alternatives to be chosen, which can then be evaluated in relation to these consideration factors. The MFEP method determines that the alternative with the highest value is the best solution based on the selected criteria.
Fisiopatología en Breve Reflejo o Tríada de Cushing
Authors: Padilla Cuadra Juan Ignacio 
Published: October 2021

El reflejo o Triada de Cushing es reconocida como una manifestación de la hipertensión endocraneana. Aunque este epónimo se le atribuye al pionera de la neurocirugía, Harvey Cushing (Figura 1), existe controversia si fue realmente el primero en describirlo.Así, hay evidencia de descripciones de este fenómeno por otros autores como Paul Cramer, Ernst von Bergmann, Ernst von Leyden, Georg Althann, Friedrich Jolly, Friedrich Pagenstecher, Henri Duret, Bernard Naunyn, y Julius Schreiber (1).
Welcome Note From the Editor-in-Chief
Authors: Mehboob Riffat 
Published: October 2021

It gives me immense pleasure to welcome you to our new journal, Diet Factor, a journal of diet and nutritional sciences. This journal is initiated with an intention of creating, gathering, introducing and sharing the latest knowledge, nutritional value of different foods, healthy dietary practices, dietary habits and its consequences on health as well as research related to food sciences technology, preservation methods for food, increasing shelf life of edibles, storage and production of nutritious food and preservation of its nutrients. As we all know that, ‘Prevention is better than cure’, selection of healthy food with good nutrition value can prevent diseases. Food is a compulsory component of everyone’s life and a healthy diet is a major key for a healthy life.
Healthy diet keeps you healthy, energetic and boosts your mood. Composition of food, its macronutrients such as protein, carbohydrates, fats and fiber as well as micronutrients i.e. calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc and vitamins are very important to be taken in balanced amount. Similarly, processed food should be replaced by natural diet. However, it is also necessary to preserve the food, increase the shelf life and process it in such a way that the nutritious value is maintained and it can be kept for longer durations to withstand higher temperature and moisture conditions. In this way, wastage of food is avoided, it can be used for longer durations, and provide the same nutrition.
We intend to publish high quality research in the above-mentioned areas. Researches will be published as original research, review articles, letter to the editor and case control studies. This inaugural issue will provide a flavor of up-to-date researches in diet, nutrition and food sciences on national and international level. We hope to receive a lot of publications in this field and our strong editorial board and reviewerswill work togather to make it a great success! Suggestions and comments to improve this journal are always welcome from the authors and readers.
Corrosion and Natural Corrosion Inhibitors: A Case Study forC. microphyllus
Authors: Prasad Dwarika 
Published: October 2021

Worldwide, corrosion causes the value of the gross domestic product to decrease in industrialized countries by 4.26% and causes significant losses to industries including infrastructure. As a result, corrosion prevention and research related to it are extremely important. Some researchers are working to develop plant-based natural corrosion inhibitors, and experimental and computational studies are being conducted widely to prevent corrosion through cheap and environmental friendly coatings. A case study of Convolvulus microphyllus (C. microphyllus) extract was examined as eco-friendly for bio-corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in 0.5 M H2SO4 by using conventional weight loss, electrochemical polarization measurements, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The compounds responsible for decreasing the rate of corrosion are kaempferol and phydroxycinnamic acid present in the extract. This inhibitor slows down the corrosion rate. Out of many observations, the best result 89.87% corrosion resistance efficiency was obtained at 600 mg/L of C. microphyllus as extract for mild steel in 0.5 M H2SO4 by applying electrochemical and weight loss measurements. The presence of a heteroatom in the main component of C. microphyllus as extract is believed to be an excellent inhibitor. Theoretical research revealed an entirely important report about comparative inhibition effect of different phytochemicals.
Attitude of Sericulture Beneficiary Farmers towards the Activities of Technical Service Centres (TSCs) in Karnataka State of India
Authors: Harisha N. , Rao B. Mukunda , Krishna T. Gopi , Devi K. Uma , Nafeez Umar S. K. 
Published: October 2021

Sericulture in Karnataka is in the process of modernization in many phases through new demand driven extension approach called Technical Service Centres (TSCs) located at the grass-root level (Hobli and Taluka level). These centres mainly involved in the dissemination of the technologies developed by the Research Institutes and also in supply of mulberry cuttings/saplings, monitoring mulberry cultivation, silkworm rearing and providing information about loan facilities and subsidy schemes. There is a need to study the attitude of sericulture beneficiary farmers towards activities of TSCs. The study was conducted during 2018-20 in the Karnataka state of India. The Karnataka state was contributing 35.00 per cent of silk production in India. An ex-post facto research design was used or the study. An attitude was measured by Likert scale construction. The Ramanagara and Mandya districts were selected because these district having highest number of TSCs in Bangalore and Mysore division respectively. Mandya, Malavalli and K.R Pet taluks from Mandya district on the other hand Ramanagara, Channapatna and Kanakapura taluks from Ramanagara district were purposively selected for the study. Above taluks were selected based on top 3 taluks in TSCs in district. The four TSCs from each taluk leads to twelve from each district, Totally, 24 TSCs were selected for the study. Ten sericulture farmers under each TSC, collectively 240, were selected by using random sampling method. The study revealed that just little more than half (50.42%) of the sericulture farmers had medium favourable attitude towards activities of TSCs followed by high favourable attitude (35.00%) and only 14.58 per cent of the sericulture farmers had low favourable attitude. The probable reason might be majority of the sericulture farmers participated in trainings at Sericulture Training Institute at K.R Pet of Mandya District and Channapatna of Ramanagara district and also they were undergone for study tour to Kolar district. They were supplied subsidized mulberry saplings, bed disinfectants, growth promoters among sericulture farmers.
Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Total Phenols from Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides Leaves Treated Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Albino Rats
Authors: Ekwemba C. O. , Nwachukwu N. , Ibegbulem C. O. 
Published: October 2021

Aims: Ethyl acetate fraction of total phenols from Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides leaves was evaluated for its effects in alloxan-induced diabetic male albino rats.
Methodology: Diabetes was induced in rats by administrating alloxan monohydrate at a dose of 130 mg/kg body weight. The ethyl acetate fraction was administered to rats at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. daily for 15 days. Blood glucose, lipid profile and pancreatic histopathology were monitored using standard methods.
Results: Results indicated that two weeks after treatment with Z. zanthoxyloides, significant (p<0.05) reductions in hyperglycemic blood glucose, total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) were recorded; with lowest values recorded in the group treated with the highest concentration of the extract. Histopathological examination of pancreatic tissues supported the protective effect of Z. zanthoxyloides phenol extract against diabetic damage.
Conclusion: In conclusion, total phenols of Z. zanthoxyloides exerted antidiabetic effects in alloxan-induced diabetic rats and protected pancreatic tissues from diabetic damage.
Molecular Mechanism of Changes in Gene Expression of Cytosolic Cu/Zn SOD, Lipid Peroxidation and Hepatic Function Impairments during Experimental Fluorosis
Authors: Shashi A. , Thakur Sukanya 
Published: October 2021

Background: Long term intake of high amount of fluoride leads to fluorosis causing metabolic, functional and structural damages affecting many tissues and organs including dental and skeletal manifestations. The liver is the most susceptible organ to fluoride toxicity because of its active and major role in digestion and detoxification.
Aim: The present study aims to elucidate the effects of sodium fluoride on hepatic function biomarkers, lipid peroxidation and gene expression of Cu/Zn SOD in albino rats.
Materials and Methods: Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned to three groups. The control rats were given 1 ml deionized water orally for 40 days. Groups II and III were administered 300 and 600 mg NaF/kg b.w. /day for the same period. Animals were sacrificed under anaesthesia, liver tissue was excised and used for biochemical and molecular analysis. The level of fluoride and lipid peroxidation (MDA) as well as reduced glutathione (GSH) content was determined. The activities of cytosolic copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD), aminotransferases (ALT and AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the hepatic tissue were determined. The analysis of gene expression of Cu/Zn SOD in the liver was determined using Real-time PCR.
Results: The results revealed significantly (P<0.0001) higher concentration of fluoride and MDA in the liver of rats exposed to fluoride when compared to control. The GSH content reduced significantly (P<0.0001) in fluorotic rats. The activities of hepatic function biomarkers viz; ALT, AST, LDH and ALP elevated significantly (P<0.0001) compared to the control. An elevation of 108.60% (ALP), 121.45% (AST), 33.77% (LDH) and least 24.40% (ALT) was found in rats treated with 300 mg/L fluoride and maximum elevation of 226.20% (ALP), 211.52% (AST), 57.75% (LDH) and least 56.79% (ALT) was registered in rats exposed to 600 mg/L fluoride in drinking water. The activity of cytosolic Cu/Zn SOD decreased significantly (P<0.0001) in fluorotic rats. Pearson’s bivariate correlation and simple linear regression analysis exhibited strong positive correlation between level of hepatic tissue fluoride and activities of ALT (Pearson r= 0.85), AST (Pearson r= 0.94), LDH (Pearson r= 0.89), ALP (Pearson r= 0.86) and in MDA (Pearson r=0.984) while negative correlations existed between levels of fluoride and GSH (Pearson r=-0.93) as well as activity of Cu/Zn SOD (Pearson r= -0.99). The gene expression of cytosolic Cu/Zn SOD was significantly (P<0.0001) reduced in fluorotic rats.
Conclusion: The present study revealed that fluoride declined the antioxidant activity of hepatic Cu/Zn SOD at biochemical as well as molecular level which leads to oxidative stress and tissue damage. This further affirms by increased activities of hepatic function biomarkers in correlation with high fluoride level during experimental fluorosis.
Prescription Patterns for Empagliflozin among Adults with Diabetes Mellitus in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Shill Diponkor Kumar , Jahan Sadia , Reza Md. Shahjalal , Shohan Shahriar Mohammad , Rajbangshi Joy Chandra 
Published: October 2021

Objective: To evaluate the prescribing pattern of empagliflozin with respect to other concomitant prescribed drugs in a diabetic patient.
Methods: The present research study was conducted in Dhaka from May 2021 to July 2021 at National Healthcare Network (NHN), Dhaka (Jurain, Uttara and Mirpur Branch). A total of 139 were included in this study by following a simple random procedure.
Results: According to the research criterion, 198 prescriptions were collected and 139 were assessed for the study. 78 (56.12%) were male and 72 (51.8%) belonged to the age group 30-64 years, and 67 (48.2%) were in the age group of 65-79 years. 57 (41%) had normal weight, followed by 33 (23.74%) who were overweight, and 49 (35.25%) patients were obese. Approximately 73 (52.52%) of prescriptions prescribed empagliflozin alone, whereas 76 (54.68%) of prescriptions prescribed the combination of empagliflozin and metformin. Among 202 co-prescribed anti-diabetic preparations other than empagliflozin (either monotherapy or combination therapy), 142 (70.30%) were oral hypoglycemic and 60 (29.70%) were insulin preparations. Apart from anti-diabetics, 396 medications were prescribed in this study, including anti-hypertensives (n=47;11.87%) and lipid-lowering drugs (n=43;10.86%). The number of protein pump inhibitors (PPIs) and nutritional supplements were 106 (26.77%) and 84 (21.21%) prescriptions respectively.
Conclusion: Empagliflozin is one of the most often recommended anti-diabetic medications in Bangladesh to treat diabetes with or without cardiovascular and obesity-related complications. Other drug classes are prescribed as well, with no apparent contradictions.
Profiling research on PFAS in wildlife: Protocol of a systematic evidence map and bibliometric analysis
Authors: Vendl Catharina , Taylor Matthew D. , Bräunig Jennifer , Gibson Matthew J. , Hesselson Daniel , Neely G. Gregory , Lagisz Malgorzata , Nakagawa Shinichi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large group of manufactured chemicals. Since the beginning of their commercial production in the 1950s, PFAS have not only found their way into numerous industrial and commercial applications, but also into the bloodstream of much of the human population, the natural environment and wildlife. Exposure to high levels of PFAS poses a health risk for humans and animals, and may exacerbate the effects of other anthropogenic impacts faced by wildlife species. To gain a comprehensive overview of the abundance and distribution of PFAS research on wildlife species, and to better understand the drivers of this research, we will collate the available literature into a systematic evidence map and perform bibliometric analyses. The systematic mapping will present the distribution of research evidence that exists on PFAS in wildlife. The bibliometric analysis will provide an insight into the historical trends, interdisciplinarity, connectedness and the impact of the individual papers.
We will conduct a systematic literature search on Scopus, Web of Science and 10 other databases using predefined search strings. We will screen title, abstract and keywords first. We will then screen full‐text papers. Two reviewers will be involved in the screening process. We will only consider publications in English, peer‐reviewed articles, preprints and theses. We will include papers reporting concentrations of any of 34 main PFAS types (based on a previous study) in wild animals. We will assess all publications included in the systematic map for predetermined indicators of quality and potential study‐level biases. In addition, we will use bibliometric records from Scopus to perform impact and network analyses. We will present the results using a narrative summary, tables and colour‐coded maps, bar and network plots. Results and associated database will be available on a dedicated freely accessible website.
This study will provide critical insight into the gaps and clusters of the literature with regard to the PFAS concentrations in wildlife. Our study will inform and direct future research efforts to fill the gaps revealed.
Artificial Spider Silk Based Programmable Woven Textile for Efficient Wound Management
Authors: Cheng Cheng , Qiu Yumeng , Tang Shimeng , Lin Baoyang , Guo Maoze , Gao Bingbing , He Bingfang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTrauma often causes great damage to the human body's skin and soft tissues, and results in severe fractures. Though the regeneration of wound tissue and the sensing of wound secretions have been studied extensively, wound therapy remains challenging. Herein, an intelligent artificial spider silk protein (spidroin) composite programmable woven textile (i‐SPT) with high tensile properties is developed, which possesses biochemical sensing abilities and air permeability as well as motion monitoring capabilities for wound management. The patterned microfluidic channels on i‐SPT allow liquids to flow spontaneously through the channels, and the pH‐responsive photonic crystals (PC) enables the i‐SPT for sensitive hydrogen ion concentration sensing in wound area, meanwhile, the highly integrated microelectronic circuit on i‐SPT endowed high sensitivity for motion monitoring. The capability of i‐SPT in promoting wound healing has been illustrated by the treatment of the full skin wounds of diabetic mouse models. Thus, i‐SPT provides a novel and effective solution for wound management.
Engineered Cell Membrane‐Derived Nanoparticles in Immune Modulation
Authors: Yang Yixiao , Wang Kai , Pan Yuanwei , Rao Lang , Luo Gaoxing 
Published: October 2021

AbstractImmune modulation is one of the most effective approaches in the therapy of complex diseases, including public health emergency. However, most immune therapeutics such as drugs, vaccines, and cellular therapy suffer from the limitations of poor efficacy and adverse side effects. Fortunately, cell membrane‐derived nanoparticles (CMDNs) have superior compatibility with other therapeutics and offer new opportunities to push the limits of current treatments in immune modulation. As the interface between cells and outer surroundings, cell membrane contains components which instruct intercellular communication and the plasticity of cytomembrane has significantly potentiated CMDNs to leverage our immune system. Therefore, cell membranes employed in immunomodulatory CMDNs have gradually shifted from natural to engineered. In this review, unique properties of immunomodulatory CMDNs and engineering strategies of emerging CMDNs for immune modulation, with an emphasis on the design logic are summarized. Further, this review points out some pressing problems to be solved during clinical translation and put forward some suggestions on the prospect of immunoregulatory CMDNs. It is anticipated that this review can provide new insights on the design of immunoregulatory CMDNs and expand their potentiation in the precise control of the dysregulated immune system.
Effects of contract farming on diets and nutrition in Ghana
Authors: Debela Bethelhem Legesse , Ruml Anette , Qaim Matin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractContract farming gained importance in many developing countries. While effects of contracting on smallholder farmers' incomes were analyzed in previous studies, diet and nutrition effects are not yet well understood. Here, we examine the effects of contract farming on dietary diversity and child anthropometrics, using survey data from the palm oil sector in Ghana. Contracting improves smallholder nutrition, but the effects vary by contract type. We distinguish between marketing contracts and resource‐providing contracts that affect household labor use and gender roles differently. For both contract types, contracting female farmers has larger positive child nutrition effects than contracting male farmers.
Deep sequencing across multiple host species tests pine‐endophyte specificity
Authors: Sarver Jake , Schultz Ella , Apigo Austen , Gernandt David S. , Salas‐Lizana Rodolfo , Oono Ryoko 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPremiseFoliar fungal endophytes vary in their distributions across landscapes or plant host taxa, indicative of specialized ecologies and host specific adaptations. Accounts of specialization, however, depend on the taxonomic breadth and geographic range of the host plants included in each study. A broad region‐scale study or deep sampling of diverse potential host species still remains relatively rare but is becoming increasingly possible with high‐throughput sequencing.MethodsAmplicon sequencing was used to rapidly identify the fungal endophytic community among six pine (Pinus, Pinaceae) species co‐occurring across northeastern United States and to test for site and host specialization. We focused on the endophytic genus Lophodermium (Rhytismataceae), whose species members are thought to specialize on different pine species, to test if amplicon sequencing could rapidly verify previously implied or discover new patterns of host specificity.ResultsWhile amplicon sequencing could analyze more samples at greater depths and recover greater numbers of unique Lophodermium taxa than when endophyte communities were surveyed with traditional culturing methods, patterns of specialization were not better supported. This may be because amplicon sequencing can indiscriminately capture non‐host specific organisms found incidentally from plant tissues or because we have overestimated host‐specificity in the past with biased culturing techniques.ConclusionsAmplicon sequencing can quickly identify patterns of host specificity by allowing large‐scale surveys but has limitations in quantifying the level of intimacy of these relationships.
Photoschaltbare Stickstoff‐Superbasen: Mit Licht Kohlenstoffdioxid reversibel fixieren
Authors: Wilm Lukas F. B. , Das Mowpriya , Janssen‐Müller Daniel , Mück‐Lichtenfeld Christian , Glorius Frank , Dielmann Fabian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDie Nutzung von Licht als externem Stimulus zur Veränderung der Reaktivität von Lewis‐Basen ist ein faszinierendes Instrument zur Steuerung chemischer Reaktionen. Reversible Photoreaktionen, die mit ausgeprägten Reaktivitätsänderungen einhergehen, sind in dieser Hinsicht besonders wertvoll. Wir berichten hier über die ersten photoschaltbaren Stickstoff‐Superbasen auf der Basis von Guanidinen, die mit einer photochromen Dithienylethen‐Einheit ausgestattet sind. Anhand mehrerer Cyclen wird demonstriert, dass die resultierenden N‐heterocyclischen Imine (NHIs) eine reversible, nahezu quantitative elektrocyclische Isomerisierung durchlaufen, wenn sie nacheinander UV‐ und sichtbarer Strahlung ausgesetzt werden. Der Wechsel zwischen dem ringgeöffneten und dem ringgeschlossenen Zustand geht mit erheblichen pKa‐Verschiebungen der NHIs um bis zu 8.7 Einheiten einher. Da nur die ringgeschlossenen Isomere ausreichend basisch sind, um CO2 über die Bildung von zwitterionischen Lewis‐Basen‐Addukten zu aktivieren, ermöglicht der Wechsel zwischen den beiden isomeren Zuständen die lichtgesteuerte Fixierung und Freisetzung von CO2.