bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution and changes in the sbGnRH system in Rastrelliger brachysoma males during the breeding season
Authors: Senarat Sinlapachai , Kettratad Jes , Jiraungkoorskul Wannee , Kangwanrangsan Niwat , Amano Masafumi , Shimizu Akio , Plumley F. Gerald , Tipdomrongpong Sasipong 
Published: September 2021

Rastrelliger brachysoma is a mariculture candidate species, but reproduction in captive fish has been problematic. This report examines the difference in the HPG axis, the neuroendocrine system and the development of reproductive tissues between captive vs. wild male R. brachysoma. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) of sexually mature male wild R. brachysoma was 1.12±0.34 and 1.94±0.26 during the non-breeding and breeding seasons, respectively. Captive R. brachysoma had a GSI of 1.88±0.17. All wild R. brachysoma were in the late spermatogenic stage irrespective of seasons. Immunostaining results showed that sbGnRH-immunoreactive neurons were distributed in three areas of the brain, namely the nucleus periventricularis, nucleus preopticus and nucleus lateralis tuberis. Follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone immunoreactivities were also observed in the pituitary gland. The levels of brain sbGnRH and GtH mRNA were not significantly different between the non-breeding and breeding seasons, but captive fish displayed (times or percent difference) lower mRNA levels than wild fish. These results suggest that these hormones control the testicular development in R. brachysoma and that the impaired reproduction in captivity may be due to their relative lower expression levels of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone genes.
Blow-up. Une enquête dans le fonds Roquefort des archives municipales de Marseille
Authors: Gouffran Laure-Hélène 
Published: September 2021

Cette contribution revient sur les recherches menées entre 2009 et 2015 autour de la figure de Bertrand Rocafort, marchand provençal du début du XVe siècle, dont l’étude a débuté par l’exploration d’un fonds d’archives éponyme conservé aux archives municipales de Marseille. D’agrandissement et agrandissement, l’analyse des pièces rares qui composent ce fonds a progressivement ouvert les portes vers d’autres questionnements et a également conduit à étendre le corpus ainsi que le sujet même de la recherche. Ainsi la progression dans cette enquête biographique s’est révélée avant tout constituer un cheminement à travers les archives. Ce parcours permet aujourd’hui de s’interroger sur les enjeux relatifs à la constitution d’un corpus destiné à la réalisation d’une biographie historique.
L’inventaire d’un petit monde. Étudier un groupe socio-professionnel à la fin du Moyen Âge
Authors: Troadec Cécile 
Published: September 2021

Comment constituer, ou reconstituer, le corpus documentaire propre à l’étude d’un groupe socio-professionnel ? C’est tout l’enjeu de l’enquête prosopographique lorsqu’elle s’intéresse à une profession. Plutôt que de se demander selon quels critères l’historien peut définir les contours du groupe, afin d’y inclure, ou d’en exclure, les multiples individus rencontrés au cours des dépouillements, il s’agit ici de prendre en compte le groupe tel qu’il est constitué par l’archive et les pratiques de l’écrit. À travers l’exemple des bouchers de Rome, connus grâce aux archives de la douane du xve siècle, on se propose de réfléchir sur la « cohésion de cet ensemble flou » qu’est le groupe socio-professionnel, pour reprendre une analyse de Luc Boltanski dans son essai sur les cadres.
De la formalisation des savoirs à la cartularisation
Authors: Bretthauer Isabelle 
Published: September 2021

Le manuel de Guillaume Flambart (c. 1470) contient des textes réglementaires sur la justice et un formulaire d’actes passés devant des juridictions normandes (1395-1469). Dans le formulaire, deux familles apparaissent, les Flambart et les Mustel. Partie d’un recueil juridique construit par un individu dans le cadre de pratiques professionnelles, l’étude traite du registre à la manière d’un cartulaire familial (activités des membres de la famille, réseaux), en croisant avec le chartrier d’une des seigneuries de la famille Flambart. L’historien est amené à analyser plusieurs corpus : celui du formulaire, celui du chartrier, l’ensemble construit à partir des deux. La démarche interroge le poids du biais des sources dans l’étude du statut d’une famille et de la diversité de la production écrite.
Evaluation of various preservation media for storage of donor corneas
Authors: Sharma Namrata , Shaikh Farin , Nagpal Ritu , Manumuraleekrishna  , Maharana Prafulla K , Agarwal Tushar , Sinha Rajesh , Satpathy Gita , Velpandian Thirumurthy , Titiyal Jeewan S 
Published: September 2021

Purpose:
To compare the physical and microbiological characteristics of McCarey-Kaufman (MK), Cornisol, and Optisol-GS media and evaluate the outcomes of keratoplasty performed using corneas stored in these three media.

Methods:
The study involved 60 donor corneas which were distributed in 3 groups: MK, Cornisol, and Optisol-GS. Corneas in these groups were further analyzed based on the type of keratoplasty performed (full thickness versus endothelial keratoplasty). At baseline, the endothelial cell density and death to preservation time of donor corneas were recorded. Following keratoplasty, patients were evaluated on day 1, at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months follow-up. Outcomes were assessed in terms of corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), endothelial cell density, percentage endothelial cell loss, and corneal thickness. The storage media were also assessed for their physical quality and their microbiological characteristics.

Results:
Physical characteristics of all three media were found to be within normal limits. Mean CDVA was comparable among the 3 groups at 6-month follow-up. The absolute endothelial cell count values were significantly lower for corneas stored in MK medium (1873.7 ± 261.1 cells/mm2) compared to the Cornisol (2085.0 ± 230.3 cells/mm2) and Optisol-GS media [(2180.3 ± 217.2 cells/mm2) (P = <0.001)]. Corneas stored in Optisol-GS medium were significantly thinner at 1-month follow-up with no significant difference at 6 months (P = 0.66).

Conclusion:
Optisol-GS and Cornisol media were found to preserve endothelial cell density better and stabilize corneal thickness earlier as compared to the MK medium. However, the functional outcomes were comparable among the three groups.
Topical interferon – A novel treatment for pseudophakic macular edema
Authors: Kawali Ankush , Snehith Ram , Singh Vivek , Sanjay Srinivasan , Mahendradas Padmamalini , Shetty Rohit 
Published: September 2021

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of topical interferon (IFN) therapy in pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (P-CME).

Methods:
This is a prospective, interventional case series of patients with P-CME. Patients presenting with P-CME were given the option of topical IFN therapy against conventional treatment with oral, topical, intravitreal, and periocular steroid therapy and antivascular growth factors. Patients who consented for the same were advised to use the IFN drops four times/day. Commercially available injection IFN alfa-2b was reconstituted to prepare the eye drops (1 MIU/ml). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was done at the baseline and on each review visit until complete resolution of P-CME.

Results:
Eight eyes of eight patients diagnosed with P-CME were studied. Mean central macular thickness (CMT) on OCT at the presentation (n = 8) and at 4 weeks post topical IFN therapy (n = 6) was 560.1 μm (range: 349–702 μm) and 344.33 μm (range: 250–390 μm), respectively. All eyes except one had posterior capsular rent (PCR). Five patients had regular follow-up until resolution. The mean duration of complete first resolution of P-CME was 5 weeks (range: 4–7.1 weeks) in those patients. Relapse was seen in three patients who responded after resuming or continuing the therapy. Case 1 had 9 months follow-up after completion of IFN therapy, and no recurrence was noted. No ocular or systemic side effects related to the topical IFN therapy were noted clinically, except papillary conjunctivitis in one patient.

Conclusion:
Topical IFN therapy can be a noninvasive, economical, and effective choice of treatment for P-CME, especially in the case of PCR, and where steroids are contraindicated.
A novel indigenous technique for corneal tattooing using self-prepared do-it-yourself carbon soot pigment
Authors: Ravindra M S , Meda Deepthi R 
Published: September 2021

Purpose:To evaluate the cosmetic efficacy and safety of an indigenous novel corneal tattooing technique using a self-prepared candle soot pigment.Methods:This pilot observational study involved 22 eyes of patients at a Bengaluru-based ophthalmology setting. The study considered only eyes with nil or low visual potential. Eyes with active ocular inflammation, nasolacrimal obstruction, severe hypotony, and shrunken globe due to phthisis bulbi were excluded. The surgery was carried out under aseptic conditions using a self-prepared carbon soot pigment. Different methods such as lamellar, surface needle micropuncture, machine-assisted surface tattooing, or a combination were used for pigment application.Results:Ten eyes underwent combined lamellar and surface tattooing; lamellar tattooing was performed for 11 eyes, and surface tattooing for one eye. Nineteen patients underwent limbus-to-limbus corneal tattooing and three patients had undergone focal tattooing to cover nasal pterygium scar, inferior iridectomy, and leukocoria due to calcific cataract. Nearly 91% were subjectively satisfied with the tattooing technique and 82% had excellent cosmetic coverage along with subjective satisfaction. None of the subjects required a repeat surgery or augmentation of tattooing. There was no reported case of corneal inflammation, epithelial erosions, infiltrations, infections, nonhealing areas, stromal melting, or any other complications.Conclusion:This novel procedure, involving self-prepared carbon soot pigment tattooing, provides excellent cosmetic results and high patient satisfaction. It is relatively safe, easy to perform, and the conventional steps of tattooing such as pigment procurement, storage, and sterilization can be avoided, as the carbon pigment is freshly prepared under aseptic conditions.
Experimental evaluation of safety and efficacy of plasma-treated poly-ε-caprolactone membrane as a substitute for human amniotic membrane in treating corneal epithelial defects in rabbit eyes
Authors: Ravani Raghav D , Yadav Saumya , Takkar Brijesh , Sen Seema , Kashyap Seema , Gupta Deepika , Jassal Manjeet , Agrawal Ashwini , Mohanty Sujata , Tandon Radhika 
Published: September 2021

Purpose:
To evaluate biocompatibility and safety of plasma-treated poly-ε-caprolactone (pPCL) membrane compared to the human amniotic membrane in the healing of corneal epithelial defects in an experimental model.

Methods:
This is a prospective, randomized animal study including 12 rabbits. Circular epithelial injury measuring 6 mm in diameter was induced over the central cornea of one eye in twelve rabbits. The rabbits were randomized into two groups; in group A, the defect was covered with human amniotic membrane, while in group B, an artificial membrane made of bio-polymer plasma-treated poly-ε-caprolactone was grafted. Six rabbits were euthanized after 1 month and the other six after 3 months and the corneal epithelium was evaluated histopathologically and with immunohistochemistry.

Results:
Light microscopy of the corneal tissue performed after 1 month and 3 months demonstrated similar findings with no significant complications in either group. Immunohistochemistry with anti-CK-3 antibody showed characteristic corneal phenotype in the healed epithelium. In eyes grafted with pPCL membrane, epithelial healing as estimated by a decrease in size of the defect was significantly better than the group treated with the human amniotic membrane at all time periods monitored (P < 0.05), except day 1 (P = 0.83). The percentage reduction in the size of the epithelial defect was also significantly more in the pPCL membrane group as compared to the human amniotic membrane at all time periods (P < 0.05 at all observations) post-implantation except day 1 (P = 0.73).

Conclusion:
Plasma-treated poly-ε-caprolactone membrane is safe, biocompatible, and effective in the healing of corneal epithelial defects in rabbits.
Initial experience with phacoemulsification and goniotomy using the Kahook dual blade in advanced open-angle glaucoma: Six-month outcomes in Indian eyes
Authors: Krishnamurthy Rashmi , Senthil Sirisha , Choudhari Nikhil 
Published: September 2021

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to report our initial experience on the outcomes of phacoemulsification in combination with goniotomy using the Kahook Dual Blade (KDB) in eyes with advanced open-angle glaucoma (OAG).

Methods:
The outcomes of phaco-goniotomy with KDB in advanced OAG in Indian eyes were retrospectively analyzed. Based on the Hodapp-Anderson-Parrish criteria of visual field defects, severe glaucoma (mean deviation on standard automated perimetry worse than 12 dB) was considered as advance glaucoma. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative data were collected through 6 months of follow-up. Outcome measures included antiglaucoma medications (AGM), the proportion of eyes achieving >1AGM reduction, intraocular pressure (IOP), and visual acuity.

Results:
Median (interquartile range) number of AGM in eyes that underwent phaco-KDB goniotomy reduced from 2 (2,3) at baseline to 1 (0,1) at 6 months (P = 0.002). Median IOP reduced from 20 (20,26) mmHg at baseline to 14 (12,15) mmHg at 6 months (P = 0.02). The proportion of eyes achieving >1 medication reduction was 88% eyes (8/9). Adverse events noted were IOP spike (22 mmHg) in 2 eyes and intra-op hyphema in 1 eye on postoperative day-1, both resolved in a week with conservative management. Except one eye with central corneal scar due to prior pterygium surgery, 8 eyes had 20/20 vision at 1 week which was maintained till last follow-up.

Conclusion:
Phacoemulsification with KDB Goniotomy significantly lowered the need for AGM with moderate IOP reduction in advanced OAG eyes. There were no serious complications and the visual recovery was good and early.
Incidence of presumed steroid response in contralateral eye of patients who underwent glaucoma filtration surgery
Authors: Pandit Rinal , George Ronnie J , Lingam Vijaya , Balekudaru Shantha 
Published: September 2021

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to report the incidence of presumed steroid response in contralateral eye of patients who underwent glaucoma filtration surgery.

Methods:
We reviewed records of 298 glaucoma patients (147 PACG [primary angle-closure glaucoma], 129 POAG [primary open-angle glaucoma], and 22 JOAG [juvenile open-angle glaucoma]) who underwent either trabeculectomy alone or trabeculectomy with cataract extraction. All patients received prednisolone acetate 1% eye drop postoperatively in the operated eye for up to 6 to 8 weeks. The contralateral eye received the same antiglaucoma medications as before. Information collected included age, sex, number of antiglaucoma medications in the fellow eye preoperatively, and VFI (visual field index). The preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) in the contralateral eye was taken as the baseline. The maximum IOP recorded postoperatively up to a follow-up period of 6 to 8 weeks was noted. A steroid response was defined as rise in the IOP by ≥6 mmHg.

Results:
In this study, 298 eyes of 298 glaucoma patients were included. The mean age of patients was 60.1 ± 13.7 years. The mean number of antiglaucoma medications in the fellow eye pre-operatively was 2.4 ± 1.2. Mean preoperative and postoperative IOP in the fellow eye were 17.46 ± 7 and 19.37 ± 7.1 mmHg, respectively. Sixty-three eyes out of 298 eyes (21.14%) showed a rise in IOP by 6 mmHg. The maximum IOP difference noted was 15 mmHg. The average time interval to the defined steroid response was 16.13 days. The majority showed a steroid response within 19 days.

Conclusion:
Steroid response is a significant factor leading to elevated IOP postoperatively in the contralateral eye as well.
A questionnaire-based assessment of Safe Eye Examination (SEE) technique
Authors: Mishra Divyansh , Shanmugam Mahesh P , Chaitanya E Vivek , Murali Kaushik , Ramanjulu Rajesh , Kulkarni Mayur , Nair Sukanya 
Published: September 2021

Purpose:
This study aims to assess the novel and innovative method of Safe Eye Examination (SEE) technique using the model eye for the purpose of teaching, training, and resident examination.

Methods:
A questionnaire-based study (Descriptive Data) with 53 participants, including ophthalmology residents, fellows in various subspecialties, and trainee optometrists was used. In our study, we used the Reti Eye model, but instead of the usual retina template sheet, we used prominent pathological fundus photographs loaded into the model eye. The study participants were asked to view prominent pathological fundus images printed on a matte finish paper. A circular image was cut and was placed in the Reti Eye model. The candidates were made to perform indirect ophthalmoscopy with a + 20D lens and to fill up a Google image assessment scale questionnaire with characteristics, including pixelation, sharpness, contrast, reflexes, blotchy appearance, and diagnostic confidence, which were then analyzed and depicted. Association between categorical variables was analyzed using Fisher exact test and Chi-square test. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. All data were analyzed with a statistical software package (SPSS, Version 16.0 for Windows).

Results:
The number of positive responses (>90%) obtained for the pixelation, sharpness, contrast, reflexes, blotchy appearance, and diagnostic confidence of the image viewed were statistically more significant than the negative responses (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The SEE technique of using the model eye can be incorporated for teaching, training, and skill assessment in the examinations in these difficult times of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic.
Effect of pupil size on posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens vault measurements
Authors: Srirampur Arjun , Pesala Veerendranath , Mansoori Tarannum , Gadde Aruna Kumari , Kola Pravalika 
Published: September 2021

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to measure the implantable collamer lens (ICL) vault changes with anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) after the implantation of the Visian posterior chamber phakic ICL with a central hole (V4c) in relation to the pupil size.

Methods:
This retrospective observational pilot study included 32 eyes of 16 patients, who underwent V4c ICL implantation. ICL vault was measured with AS-OCT in undilated and fully dilate state of the pupil. Primary outcome measure was the change in the vault of V4c ICL at the maximum and minimum pupil size.

Results:
Median (IQR) undilated and post-dilated vault measurement was 393.00 (335.50–493.50) microns and 421.00 (338.50–503.75) microns, respectively, which was not statistically significant (P = 0.44).

Conclusion:
No statistically significant difference was observed between the undilated and post-dilated ICL vault measurements. Hence, the postoperative vault can be measured either in resting, undilated state or fully dilated state of the pupil and would be similar irrespective of the pupil size.
Demographics and clinical profile of patients with ocular Calotropis poisoning in India
Authors: Rathi Varsha M , Das Anthony Vipin , Mahajan Mayank , Khanna Rohit C 
Published: September 2021

Purpose:
To describe the clinical profile of patients with ocular Calotropis poisoning presenting to a multitier ophthalmology hospital network in India.

Methods:
This cross-sectional hospital-based study included 2,047,360 new patients presenting between August 2010 and March 2020. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of Calotropis poisoning in at least one eye were included. The data were collected using an electronic medical record system. Descriptive statistics using mean ± standard deviation and median with inter-quartile range (IQR) were used to elucidate the demographic data. Chi-square test was done for univariate analysis.

Results:
Overall, 362 (0.018%) new patients were diagnosed with ocular Calotropis poisoning during the study period. The mean age of the patients was 44.10 ± 18.61 years. The incidence rates were 0.013% in children and 0.018% in adults. Males were 57.46% and 87.29% had unilateral affliction. A significant number of patients presented from the rural geography (59.67%) and were from the higher socioeconomic class (72.65%). About a fourth of the patients were homemakers (23.48%) followed by agriculture workers (18.23%). Of the 408 affected eyes, 49.26% had mild visual impairment (<20/70) followed by moderate visual impairment (>20/70 to ≤ 20/200) in 23.28%. The most common clinical signs were conjunctival congestion (61.03%), descemet membrane folds (57.35%), stromal edema (30.39%), and corneal epithelial defect (24.51%).

Conclusion:

Calotropis poisoning in individuals seeking eye care in India is very rare. It is commonly unilateral and occurs more in the rural geography. It is common in middle-aged males and may affect vision due to involvement of the cornea.
Accuracy of the Barrett Universal II formula integrated into a commercially available optical biometer when using a preloaded single-piece intraocular lens
Authors: Mieno Hiroki , Hieda Osamu , Ikeda Toshihide , Hayashi Shino , Hashida Masatsugu , Urabe Kimiaki , Sotozono Chie 
Published: September 2021

Purpose:
To compare the commonly used formulas for intraocular lens (IOL) selection using IOLMaster®700 (Carl Zeiss Meditec) and to evaluate the Barrett Universal II (BU-II) formula accuracy when using the Vivinex™ iSert® XY1 IOL (Hoya Corporation Medical Division).

Methods:
A retrospective chart review was performed that included patients who underwent uneventful cataract surgery with in-the-bag insertion of Vivinex™ iSert® XY1 IOL. Prediction errors at 3 months postoperative of IOLMaster® 700 with Haigis, Holladay 1, SRK/T, and BU-II formulas were compared. As a subgroup analysis, we focused on the axial length (AL) and IOL power. AL subgroup analysis was based on the following AL subgroups: short (<22.5 mm), medium (22.5–25.5 mm), and long (>25.5 mm). IOL power subgroup analysis was based on the following IOL power subgroups: low (≤18.0 diopters [D]), medium (18.5–24.0 D), and high (≥24.5 D).

Results:
This study included 590 eyes of 590 patients. Overall, the four IOL calculation formulas appeared to be similarly accurate. In the long AL subgroup, the BU-II formula had a significantly lower absolute error (AE) than the Holladay 1 formula. In the low-power subgroup, the BU-II formula had a significantly lower AE than the Holladay 1 and SRK/T formulas. On the other hand, in the high-power subgroup, the BU-II formula was significantly less accurate than the SRK/T formula and also appeared to be worse than the Holladay 1 formula (P = 0.052).

Conclusion:
The BU-II formula might be less accurate when using a Vivinex™ iSert® XY1 IOL of 24.5 D or greater.