bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Einsatz der kooperativen Katalyse für die Oberflächensynthese linearer heteroaromatischer Polymere durch selektive C‐H‐Aktivierung
Authors: Liu Xunshan , Matej Adam , Kratky Tim , Mendieta‐Moreno Jesús I. , Günther Sebastian , Mutombo Pingo , Decurtins Silvio , Aschauer Ulrich , Repp Jascha , Jelinek Pavel , Liu Shi‐Xia , Patera Laerte L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDie regiospezifische C‐H‐Aktivierung ist ein vielversprechender Ansatz, um ausgedehnte Polymere mit maßgeschneiderten Strukturen zu erhalten. Bei einem neueren synthetischen Ansatz, der die regioselektive Homokupplung von heteroaromatischen Molekülen auf der Oberfläche ermöglicht hat, wurden jedoch nur kleine Oligomere erreicht. In diesem Artikel wird zum ersten Mal über die selektive C‐H‐Aktivierung für dehydrierende C‐C‐Kupplungen von Hexaazatriphenylen durch die Scholl‐Reaktion berichtet. Durch die Kombination von Niedertemperatur‐Rastertunnelmikroskopie (RTM) und Rasterkraftmikroskopie (RKM) konnten wir die Bildung von eindimensionalen Polymeren mit einer Doppelkettenstruktur nachweisen. Die Details des Wachstumsprozesses werden durch Dichtefunktionaltheorie (DFT)‐Berechnungen beleuchtet, die auf eine kooperative katalytische Wirkung von Na‐ und Ag‐Atomen bei der Steuerung der C‐H‐Selektivität für die Polymerisation hinweisen.
Changing looks of the nucleus of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 1566 compared with other changing‐look AGNs
Authors: Oknyansky Victor 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe present results of a long‐term optical, UV, and X‐ray study of variability of the nearby changing‐look (CL) Seyfert NGC 1566 which was observed with the Swift Observatory from 2007 to 2020. We summarize our previously published spectroscopic and photometric results and present new observations. We reported on the alteration in the spectral type of NGC 1566 in 2018 (REF1). Moreover, we focused on the exceptional postmaximum behavior after 2018 July, when all bands dropped with some fluctuations (REF2). We observed four significant re‐brightenings in the postmaximum period. We have found differences in X‐ray and UV/Optical variability. The ratio was decreased during 2018–2020. New postmaximum spectra covering the period November 31, 2018 to September 23, 2019 show dramatic changes compared to August 2, 2018, with fading of the broad lines and [Fe X] λ6374 until 2019 March (REF2). Effectively, two changing‐look (CL) states were observed for this object: Changing to type 1.2 and then returning to the low state as a type 1.8 Sy. We suggest that the changes are mostly due to fluctuations in the energy generation. Variability properties of NGC1566 are compared with our results for other CL active galactic nuclei.
Metabolic analysis of the asparagine and glutamine dynamics in an industrial Chinese hamster ovary fed‐batch process
Authors: Kirsch Brian J. , Bennun Sandra V. , Mendez Adam , Johnson Amy S. , Wang Hongxia , Qiu Haibo , Li Ning , Lawrence Shawn M. , Bak Hanne , Betenbaugh Michael J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractChinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines are grown in cultures with varying asparagine and glutamine concentrations, but further study is needed to characterize the interplay between these amino acids. By following 13C‐glucose, 13C‐glutamine, and 13C‐asparagine tracers using metabolic flux analysis (MFA), CHO cell metabolism was characterized in an industrially relevant fed‐batch process under glutamine supplemented and low glutamine conditions during early and late exponential growth. For both conditions MFA revealed glucose as the primary carbon source to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle followed by glutamine and asparagine as secondary sources. Early exponential phase CHO cells prefer glutamine over asparagine to support the TCA cycle under the glutamine supplemented condition, while asparagine was critical for TCA activity for the low glutamine condition. Overall TCA fluxes were similar for both conditions due to the trade‐offs associated with reliance on glutamine and/or asparagine. However, glutamine supplementation increased fluxes to alanine, lactate and enrichment of glutathione, N‐acetyl‐glucosamine and pyrimidine‐containing‐molecules. The late exponential phase exhibited reduced central carbon metabolism dominated by glucose, while lactate reincorporation and aspartate uptake were preferred over glutamine and asparagine. These 13C studies demonstrate that metabolic flux is process time dependent and can be modulated by varying feed composition.
Ventilation‐induced epithelial injury drives biological onset of lung trauma in vitro and is mitigated with prophylactic anti‐inflammatory therapeutics
Authors: Nof Eliram , Artzy‐Schnirman Arbel , Bhardwaj Saurabh , Sabatan Hadas , Waisman Dan , Hochwald Ori , Gruber Maayan , Borenstein‐Levin Liron , Sznitman Josué 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMortality rates among patients suffering from acute respiratory failure remain perplexingly high despite the maintenance of blood oxygen homeostasis during ventilatory support. The biotrauma hypothesis advocates that mechanical forces from invasive ventilation trigger immunological mediators that spread systemically. Yet, how these forces elicit an immune response remains unclear. Here, a biomimetic in vitro three‐dimensional (3D) upper airways model allows to recapitulate lung injury and immune responses induced during invasive mechanical ventilation in neonates. Under such ventilatory support, flow‐induced stresses injure the bronchial epithelium of the intubated airways model and directly modulate epithelial cell inflammatory cytokine secretion associated with pulmonary injury. Fluorescence microscopy and biochemical analyses reveal site‐specific susceptibility to epithelial erosion in airways from jet‐flow impaction and are linked to increases in cell apoptosis and modulated secretions of cytokines IL‐6, ‐8, and ‐10. In an effort to mitigate the onset of biotrauma, prophylactic pharmacological treatment with Montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, reduces apoptosis and pro‐inflammatory signaling during invasive ventilation of the in vitro model. This 3D airway platform points to a previously overlooked origin of lung injury and showcases translational opportunities in preclinical pulmonary research toward protective therapies and improved protocols for patient care.
New nomograms to predict overall and cancer‐specific survival of angiosarcoma
Authors: Liu Yuan‐Yuan , Xu Bu‐Shu , Pan Qiu‐Zhong , Weng De‐Sheng , Zhang Xing , Peng Rui‐Qing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study was designed to establish and validate promising and reliable nomograms for predicting the survival of angiosarcoma (AS) patients.MethodsThe Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was queried to collect the clinical information of 785 AS patients between 2004 and 2015. Data were split into a training cohort (n = 549) and a validation cohort (n = 236) without any preference. Univariate Cox and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to analyze the clinical parameters. Independent prognostic factors were then identified. Two nomograms were constructed to predict overall survival (OS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) at 3 and 5 years. Finally, the models were evaluated using concordance indices (C‐indices), calibration plots, and decision curve analysis (DCA).ResultsBased on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 785 individuals were included in this analysis. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that age, tumor size, and stage were prognostic factors independently associated with the OS of AS. Tumor site, tumor size, and stage were associated with the CSS of AS. Based on the statistical results and clinical significance of variables, nomograms were built. The nomograms for OS and CSS had C‐indices of 0.666 and 0.654, respectively. The calibration curves showed good agreement between the predictive values and the actual values. DCA also indicated that the nomograms were clinically useful.ConclusionWe established nomograms with good predictive ability that could provide clinicians with better predictions about the clinical outcomes of AS patients.
The effect of adding focal‐goal similar versus dissimilar attributes on convergence product purchase decision: The role of relational and item‐specific elaboration style
Authors: Lee Juyon , Chu Wujin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAdding novel attributes to the base product is the most widely used marketing strategy to develop convergence products, and numerous studies have confirmed the positive effect of adding novel attributes on product evaluations. However, adding new attributes to the base product may not always produce positive outcomes. Results of two studies using two product categories (refrigerator, smartwatch) show that focal‐goal dissimilarity between the base product and added attributes reduces consumers' purchase intention via perceived benefit understanding. Further, relational versus item‐specific elaboration style moderates this relationship. Specifically, relational (vs. item‐specific) elaboration increased perceived benefit understanding and purchase intention when a focal‐goal dissimilar attribute was added to the base product. In contrast, there was no differential effect of the relational versus item‐specific elaboration when the focal goal of the added attribute was similar to the focal goal of the base product. This study expands the extant knowledge on goal‐based product evaluation, cognitive elaboration, and information processing style, and provides marketers with effective strategies for communicating the benefits of new convergence products.
Galacto‐Oligosaccharide Supplementation Modulates Pathogen‐Commensal Competition between Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus salivarius
Authors: Moore Rebecca E. , Thomas Harrison C. , Manning Shannon D. , Gaddy Jennifer A. , Townsend Steven D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe members of the infant microbiome are governed by feeding method (breastmilk vs. formula). Regardless of the source of nutrition, a competitive growth advantage can be provided to commensals through prebiotics – either human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) or plant oligosaccharides that are supplemented into formula. To characterize how prebiotics modulate commensal – pathogen interactions, we have designed and studied a minimal microbiome where a pathogen, Streptococcus agalactiae engages with a commensal, Streptococcus salivarius. We discovered that while S. agalactiae suppresses the growth of S. salivarius via increased lactic acid production, galacto‐oligosaccharides (GOS) supplementation reverses the effect. This result has major implications in characterizing how single species survive in the gut, what niche they occupy, and how they engage with other community members.
Targeting the Central Pocket of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lectin LecA
Authors: Siebs Eike , Shanina Elena , Kuhaudomlarp Sakonwan , da Silva Figueiredo Celestino Gomes Priscila , Fortin Cloé , Seeberger Peter H. , Rognan Didier , Rademacher Christoph , Imberty Anne , Titz Alexander 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic ESKAPE pathogen that produces two lectins, LecA and LecB, as part of its large arsenal of virulence factors. Both carbohydrate‐binding proteins are central to the initial and later persistent infection processes, i. e. bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. The biofilm matrix is a major resistance determinant and protects the bacteria against external threats such as the host immune system or antibiotic treatment. Therefore, the development of drugs against the P. aeruginosa biofilm is of particular interest to restore efficacy of antimicrobials. Carbohydrate‐based inhibitors for LecA and LecB were previously shown to efficiently reduce biofilm formations. Here, we report a new approach for inhibiting LecA with synthetic molecules bridging the established carbohydrate‐binding site and a central cavity located between two LecA protomers of the lectin tetramer. Inspired by in silico design, we synthesized various galactosidic LecA inhibitors with aromatic moieties targeting this central pocket. These compounds reached low micromolar affinities, validated in different biophysical assays. Finally, X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed the interactions of this compound class with LecA. This new mode of action paves the way to a novel route towards inhibition of P. aeruginosa biofilms.
Susceptibility of Palmer amaranth accessions in North Carolina to atrazine, dicamba, S‐metolachlor, and 2,4‐D
Authors: Moore Levi D. , Jennings Katherine M. , Monks David W. , Jordan David L. , Boyette Michael D. , Leon Ramon G. , Mahoney Dennis J. , Everman Wesley J. , Cahoon Charles W. 
Published: November 2021

Core Ideas
All of the 120 accessions of Palmer amaranth collected in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina were controlled by atrazine and dicamba applied at field use rates in the greenhouse.
Reduced sensitivity among accessions was noted when S‐metolachlor and 2,4‐D were applied to Palmer amaranth at field use rates in the greenhouse.
Additional research is needed to determine if reduced sensitivity of Palmer amaranth to S‐metolachlor and 2,4‐D is associated with evolved resistance.
Platinum‐Tin/Tin Oxide/CNT Catalysts for High‐Performance Electrocatalytic Ethanol Oxidation
Authors: Zheng Zhiping , Jiang Qiaorong , Cheng Xiqing , Han Xiao , Kuang Qin , Xie Zhaoxiong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEthanol is a promising liquid clean energy source in the energy conversion field. However, the self‐poisoning caused by the strongly adsorbed reaction intermediates (typically, CO) is a critical problem in ethanol oxidation reaction. To address this issue, we proposed a joint use of two strategies, alloying of Pt with other metals and building Pt/metal‐oxide interfaces, to achieve high‐performance electrocatalytic ethanol oxidation. For this, a well‐designed synthetic route combining wet impregnation with a two‐step thermal treatment process was established to construct PtSn/SnOx interfaces on carbon nanotubes. Using this route, the alloying of Pt−Sn and formation of PtSn−SnOx interfaces can simultaneously be achieved, and the coverage of SnOx thin films on PtSn alloy nanoparticles can be facilely tuned by the strong interaction between Pt and SnOx. The results revealed that the partial coverage of SnOx species not only retained the active sites, but also enhanced the CO anti‐poisoning ability of the catalyst. Consequently, the H−PtSn/SnOx/CNT‐2 catalyst with an optimized PtSn−SnOx interface showed significantly improved performances toward the ethanol oxidation reaction (825 mA mgPt−1). This study provides deep insights into the structure‐performance relationship of PtSn/metal oxide composite catalysts, which would be helpful for the future design and fabrication of high‐performance Pt‐based ethanol oxidation reaction catalysts.
Deciphering the Role of Anions and Secondary Coordination Sphere in Tuning Anisotropy in Dy(III) Air‐Stable D5h SIMs**
Authors: Gupta Sandeep K. , Dey Sourav , Rajeshkumar Thayalan , Rajaraman Gopalan , Murugavel Ramaswamy 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPrecise control of the crystal field and symmetry around the paramagnetic spin centre has recently facilitated the engineering of high‐temperature single‐ion magnets (SIMs), the smallest possible units for future spin‐based devices. In the present work, we report a series of air‐stable seven coordinate Dy(III) SIMs {[L2Dy(H2O)5][X]3⋅L2⋅n(H2O), n = 0, X = Cl (1), n=1, X = Br (2), I (3)} possessing pseudo‐D5h symmetry or pentagonal bipyramidal coordination geometry with high anisotropy energy barrier (Ueff) and blocking temperature (TB). While the strong axial coordination from the sterically encumbered phosphonamide, tBuPO(NHiPr)2 (L), increases the overall anisotropy of the system, the presence of high symmetry significantly quenches quantum tunnelling of magnetization, which is the prominent deactivating factor encountered in SIMs. The energy barrier (Ueff) and the blocking temperature (TB) decrease in the order 3>2>1 with the change of anions from larger iodide to smaller strongly hydrogen‐bonded chloride in the secondary coordination sphere, albeit the local coordination geometry and the symmetry around the Dy(III) display only slight deviations. Ab initio CASSCF/RASSI‐SO/SINGLE_ANISO calculations provide deeper insights into the dynamics of magnetic relaxation in addition to the role of the secondary coordination sphere in modulating the anisotropy of the D5h systems, using diverse models. Thus, in addition to the importance of the crystal field and the symmetry to obtain high‐temperature SIMs, this study also probes the significance of the secondary coordination sphere that can be tailored to accomplish novel SIMs.
Indeno[1,2,3,4‐pqra]Perylene: A Medium‐Sized Aromatic Hydrocarbon Exhibiting Full‐Range Visible‐Light Absorption
Authors: Kato Masaki , Fukui Norihito , Shinokubo Hiroshi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe report the synthesis and properties of indeno[1,2,3,4‐pqra]perylene, which was prepared by the fusion of one anthracene unit with one naphthalene unit via three carbon‐carbon bonds. The synthetic route through two‐fold C−H arylation enabled not only the synthesis of unsubstituted indenoperylene, but also rapid access to its arylated derivatives on the gram scale. Indenoperylene is a medium‐sized aromatic hydrocarbon with the composition C24H12 that is isomeric to coronene. Nevertheless, its absorption covers the entire visible region owing to its small HOMO‐LUMO gap. Furthermore, indenoperylene exhibits high stability despite the absence of peripheral substituents. We propose that the unique electronic structure of indenoperylene originates from the coexistence of an electron‐withdrawing subunit (benzoaceanthrylene) and an electron‐donating subunit (perylene). The electronic properties of indenoperylene were modulated via post‐functionalization through regioselective bromination. The current research demonstrates that indenoperylene is a promising candidate as a main skeleton for near‐infrared‐responsive and redox‐active materials.
Cancer‐related mortality among people with intellectual disabilities: A nationwide population‐based cohort study
Authors: Cuypers Maarten , Schalk Bianca W. M. , Boonman Anne J. N. , Naaldenberg Jenneken , Leusink Geraline L. 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundConcerns have been raised about access to cancer screening and the timely receipt of cancer care for people with an intellectual disability (ID). However, knowledge about cancer mortality as a potential consequence of these disparities is still limited. This study, therefore, compared cancer‐related mortality patterns between people with and without ID.MethodsA historical cohort study (2015‐2019) linked the Dutch adult population (approximately 12 million people with an ID prevalence of 1.45%) and mortality registries. Cancer‐related mortality was identified by the underlying cause of death (according to the chapter on neoplasms in the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision). Observed mortality and calculated age‐ and sex‐standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported.ResultsThere were 11,102 deaths in the ID population (21.7% cancer‐related; n = 2408) and 730,405 deaths in the general population (31.2%; n = 228,120) available for analysis. Cancer was noted as the cause of death more often among people with ID in comparison with the general population (SMR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.42‐1.54), particularly in the young age groups. High‐mortality cancers included cancers within the national screening program (SMRs, 1.43‐1.94), digestive cancers (SMRs, 1.24‐2.56), bladder cancer (SMR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.61‐2.54), and cancers of unknown primary (SMR, 2.48; 95% CI, 2.06‐2.89).ConclusionsCancer was reported as the cause of death approximately 1.5 times more often in people with ID compared with the general population. This mortality disparity may indicate adverse effects from inequalities in screening and cancer care experienced by people with ID.Lay Summary

People with an intellectual disability (ID) may find it challenging to participate in cancer screening or to receive timely cancer care.

To understand potential consequences in terms of mortality, this study compared cancer‐related mortality between people with and without ID in the Netherlands.

Cancer was reported as the cause of death approximately 1.5 times more often among people with ID than others.

Because large differences were found that were related to screening cancers and cancers for which the primary tumor was unknown, this study's results raise concerns about equality in screening practices and cancer care for people with ID.
Poor relationships between NEON Airborne Observation Platform data and field‐based vegetation traits at a mesic grassland
Authors: Pau Stephanie , Nippert Jesse B. , Slapikas Ryan , Griffith Daniel , Bachle Seton , Helliker Brent R. , O’Connor Rory C. , Riley William J. , Still Christopher J. , Zaricor Marissa 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUnderstanding spatial and temporal variation in plant traits is needed to accurately predict how communities and ecosystems will respond to global change. The National Ecological Observatory Network’s (NEON’s) Airborne Observation Platform (AOP) provides hyperspectral images and associated data products at numerous field sites at 1 m spatial resolution, potentially allowing high‐resolution trait mapping. We tested the accuracy of readily available data products of NEON’s AOP, such as Leaf Area Index (LAI), Total Biomass, Ecosystem Structure (Canopy height model [CHM]), and Canopy Nitrogen, by comparing them to spatially extensive field measurements from a mesic tallgrass prairie. Correlations with AOP data products exhibited generally weak or no relationships with corresponding field measurements. The strongest relationships were between AOP LAI and ground‐measured LAI (r = 0.32) and AOP Total Biomass and ground‐measured biomass (r = 0.23). We also examined how well the full reflectance spectra (380–2,500 nm), as opposed to derived products, could predict vegetation traits using partial least‐squares regression (PLSR) models. Among all the eight traits examined, only Nitrogen had a validation of more than 0.25. For all vegetation traits, validation ranged from 0.08 to 0.29 and the range of the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) was 14–64%. Our results suggest that currently available AOP‐derived data products should not be used without extensive ground‐based validation. Relationships using the full reflectance spectra may be more promising, although careful consideration of field and AOP data mismatches in space and/or time, biases in field‐based measurements or AOP algorithms, and model uncertainty are needed. Finally, grassland sites may be especially challenging for airborne spectroscopy because of their high species diversity within a small area, mixed functional types of plant communities, and heterogeneous mosaics of disturbance and resource availability. Remote sensing observations are one of the most promising approaches to understanding ecological patterns across space and time. But the opportunity to engage a diverse community of NEON data users will depend on establishing rigorous links with in‐situ field measurements across a diversity of sites.
Determination of Anti‐Parkinson Drug Pramipexole Using a Label‐free Biosensor and Evaluation of its Interaction with ds‐DNA
Authors: Mahmoudi‐Moghaddam Hadi , Garkani‐Nejad Zahra 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this study, we fabricated an effective and sensitive DNA biosensor based on flower‐like Pt/NiCo2O4 modified carbon paste electrode (FL‐Pt/NiCo2O4/CPE) for detection of pramipexole (PPX). Spectrophotometry, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and docking methods were employed to evaluate the interaction of DNA‐PPX. Moreover, the DPV technique was chosen to monitor the electrochemical response of guanine on the DNA biosensor. The relationship between the concentration of PPX and the oxidation signal of guanine was linear in the range of 0.4 to 310.0 μM and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.09 μM was calculated.