bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Dimensional Stability of Y-Modified AlSi7Cu3Mg Alloy
Authors: Jin Yanzhu , Song Yulai , Liu Yaohui , Sun Chi , Dai Junliang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The application of rare earth modified AlSi7Cu3Mg alloy in automobile engine and motor casing has increased. The dimensional stability of this alloy is an important feature. In this paper, the effects of yttrium addition and different heat treatment on the microstructure and dimensional thermal stability of AlSi7Cu3Mg alloy were studied by OM, SEM and dimensional measurement. Research shows that: The dimensional stability of AiSi7Cu3Mg alloy after T6 heat treatment is better than that after T4 heat treatment, and the dimensional stability after T7 heat treatment is the best. The addition of rare earth Y can improve the dimensional stability of AiSi7Cu3Mg alloy.
Study on the Synthesis Technology of High Molecular Weight Hydrophilic Polyether
Authors: Zhao Xin , Xu Shirui , Huang Dandan , Ji Jinwei 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
KOH is used as a catalyst. The synthesis of a high molecular weight (relative molecular mass) hydrophilic polyether was carried out. One is to synthesize 1000 molecular weight (relative molecular mass) from the initiator, and then directly synthesize the product (original production process), and then carry out refining treatment by pipetting; the other is to synthesize 1000 molecular weight from the initiator. Molecular mass), further processing in the subsequent synthesis, when the molecular weight reaches 4000 (relative molecular mass), the curing degassing treatment is carried out, and after completion, the mixture of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide is continuously continued to synthesize the product (new production process) ), the synthesis is finished, and after aging, the liquid is pipetted to be refined. The results show that the quality of the new process product is improved, the yield of hydrophilic polyether is improved, and the waterproof effect is improved to 25%; the molecular weight of the old process is not up to the designed molecular weight, and the yield of hydrophilic polyether is lower and the waterproof application effect is less than 25%.
Static Gait Scheme for Horizontal Posture Slope Climbing with Quadruped Robot
Authors: Majithiya Ashish , Dave Jatin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
With a view to expanding serviceability in different applications, the slope climbing ability of a quadruped robot is important. In this paper, a gait scheme i.e. walking algorithm for slope climbing is proposed. It differs from the previous studies in terms of the posture of the robot while climbing. The presented scheme is designed such a way that the body of the robot maintains horizontal posture with positive static stability which can be used for carrying a load and disabled while climbing the slope. For this proposed scheme, different parameters of gait are shown. The algorithm is tested with a multibody simulation and based on the results of transformation of the inertial frame about the world frame; it is proven to be steady.
IoT based smart ferry system
Authors: Gahalyan Suraj , Sriramalakshmi P 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This research work discusses an IoT based smart ferry system. The proposed system is implemented in NODE Red based simulations. Each component is considered as nodes and analysis is done. The technical process is explained with the help of a flowchart. And how the information is passed on to the sailors, ferry crew, ferry operators, ferry controllers and maintenance engineer is discussed. In addition it is displayed using the Node red dashboard as well as through ThingSpeak cloud server for further analysis. The proposed idea is to build an IoT infrastructure consisting of smart devices which will measure different attributes of a boat and notify the captain or the rescue team of the difficulties or the problem faced by the boat during a trip. The monitoring system is based on open source software to retrieve data from the sensors at intervals and send them to the cloud in order to easily monitor them via a dashboard. Fully automated and robust IOT enabled smart devices are developed to collect the data from the boat. The Data to measure the weight and passenger on board is collected by Weight Sensor and IR Sensor and the Captain of the Ship is notified for the same. Temperature of the engine room is monitored and under severe circumstances the rescue team is notified for the same. The wind speed is also monitored in case of stormy conditions.
Roadmap to Implementation of Industry 4.0 in Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises in India
Authors: Bisht Vaibhav , Sridhar V G 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The paradigm of Industry 4.0 finds major promise for deployment in Indian industries. This paper discusses a qualitative research methodology and strategies for the implementation of Industry 4.0 in MSMEs from various sectors in India. The researchers have collected data from experts from different MSMES through questionnaires and personal interviews. Difficulties and barriers for implementation of industry 4.0 in India have been analysed using the snowball sampling method where the sample units expect different academic and government organisations to develop an apparatus for efficient implementation of the technologies of Industry 4.0. A technical framework for processing real-time big data using the Knowledge Data Discovery (KDD) pipeline for quick decision-making is discussed in this study. The study concludes with the use of the framework for use of process data to improve process efficiency.
Modeling of Battery Management for Standalone PV System
Authors: Ashok Kumar B , Seshadri Parthasarathy , Senthilrani S , Bagavat Perumal T S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This work is focused on developing a model for a Battery management unit for a Solar PV based off grid standalone system and implementing the same using MATLAB tool. A secondary storage device in form a battery is essential to provide an energy backup in any autonomous system. In this work Lithium ion (Li Ion) battery has been considered for modeling as it offers good charge and discharge profile, high power density, occupies less space and less maintenance. It is essential to ensure secure function of such batteries by closely monitoring and control of their State of Charge (SOC). Determination of SOC ensures the remaining energy available in the battery which further helps in discharging the same based on system requirements. The major components of this work include representation of PV source, employing MPPT, regulating the DC output via boost converter, inverter and controlling the flow of energy between the source to battery, load and vice versa.
Effect of Geometrical Shape on Axial Deformation of Soft Actuator
Authors: Mehta Vishal , Chauhan Mihir 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Soft actuators are the latest trend of research because of their light weight and ease of manufacturing and control. Soft actuators have expanded their fields and taken place in many applications where linear or angular deflection is required. Soft actuators are very useful in the applications where deflection is required with soft touch. Soft Actuators are highly compliant and adaptive to unknown environments. Because of these characteristics, soft actuators are very popular in the field of medical and in the applications where interaction with fragile structure is required. The soft actuators can give required responses mostly depends on their shape. Linear or angular deformation can be achieved by changing the geometrical shape of actuators. This paper presents the effect of geometrical shape on axial deformation of soft pneumatic actuator. Samples of soft actuators are selected with various shapes for finite element analysis. Results are obtained in form of axial and lateral deformation. An attempt is made to achieve good amount of axial deformation with very less or negligible lateral deformation by selecting appropriate shape. Based on the generated results, the shape is identified which gives desired results and more suitable among the selected nine samples. This sample can be useful in the application having space constraint in lateral direction.
Additive Manufacturing of a Shredder
Authors: Aswin Alenkar K , Maanav Charan K S , Mirthul E S , Nandhini C , Sivarajan S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Shredders have become an indispensable pail of modern life. Variety of shredders are available for different purposes such as Paper shredders, metal shredders, etc. They come in different sizes, ranging from small sizes for household applications to large sizes for industrial applications. These shredders are used to break down the material into smaller pieces so that they could be disposed of more easily and efficiently. Currently, these shredders are majorly used by large industries for waste disposal systems. This process of shredding the large waste produced by common households by itself will take an enormous amount of energy when accumulated overall as they mainly use fossil fuels for this purpose. This can be reduced by reducing to an extent if all the possible household waste is manually shredded at houses themselves instead of taking it to the industries. For this purpose. in this study, an economical shredder that has the capability to plastics, wood, and few low strength metals like aluminium has been designed. Beginning with a base design and have worked to improvise it in considered parameters. These parameters are the shredder being efficient, economical, and lighter. The design was repaired and optimized in Meshmixer Software and then sliced in Ultimaker Cura Software and was made 3-D printable. The developed model was found to be more helpful than the conventional shredders, as to its economical viability, ease in use and handling, and to its efficiency in shredding the plastics. As a result, a successful and efficient design of a portable shredder has been developed.
Influence of Pitting Corrosion on TIG Welded Joints of AA2024 Aluminum Alloy Joints
Authors: Gunasekaran K N , Balamurugan D , Babin M , Barath Raj K J , Arun S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this investigation, AA2024 alloy was welded by tungsten inert gas welding. Access the influence of pitting corrosion on TIG weld; the joints were heat-treated after welding with different techniques. Moreover, the corrosion test was carried out with 3.5% NaCl solution under different pH values such as pH:5, pH:7, and pH: 12. From the experimental results, the joint treated with solution treatment with pH: 7 showed high corrosion resistance than its counterparts.
Challenges to aboveground biomass prediction from waveform lidar
Authors: Bruening Jamis M , Fischer Rico , Bohn Friedrich J , Armston John , Armstrong Amanda H , Knapp Nikolai , Tang Hao , Huth Andreas , Dubayah Ralph 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAccurate accounting of aboveground biomass density (AGBD) is crucial for carbon cycle, biodiversity, and climate change science. The Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI), which maps global AGBD from waveform lidar, is the first of a new generation of Earth observation missions designed to improve carbon accounting. This paper explores the possibility that lidar waveforms may not be unique to AGBD—that forest stands with different AGBD may produce highly similar waveforms—and we hypothesize that non-uniqueness may contribute to the large uncertainties in AGBD predictions. Our analysis integrates simulated GEDI waveforms from 428in situstem maps with output from an individual-based forest gap model, which we use to generate a database of potential forest stands and simulate GEDI waveforms from those stands. We use this database to predict the AGBD of the 428in situstem maps via two different methods: a linear regression from waveform metrics, and a waveform-matching approach that accounts for waveform-AGBD non-uniqueness. We find that somein situwaveforms are more unique to AGBD than others, which notably impacts AGBD prediction uncertainty (7–411 Mg ha−1, average of 167 Mg ha−1). We also find that forest structure complexity may influence the non-uniqueness effect; stands with low structural complexity are more unique to AGBD than more mature stands with multiple cohorts and canopy layers. These findings suggest that the non-uniqueness phenomena may be introduced by the measuring characteristics of waveform lidar in combination with how forest structure manifests at small scales, and we discuss how this complexity may complicate uncertainty estimation in AGBD prediction. This analysis suggests a limit to the accuracy and precision of AGBD predictions from lidar waveforms seen in empirical studies, and underscores the need for further exploration of the relationships between lidar remote sensing measurements, forest structure, and AGBD.
Study of the tribological properties of nano lubricating oil blends for diesel engines
Authors: Kuang Xin , Yin Bifeng , Yang Xiping , Jia Hekun , Xu Bo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to evaluate and compare the tribological properties of lubricating oil blends with added nano graphene and nano cerium oxide (CeO2) on the key friction pairs of diesel engines. Dispersion stability is the premise of the study of tribological properties. In this paper, nano CeO2 particles were self-made and high-quality nano graphene was purchased. The dispersion stability of the two nanomaterials in lubricating oil was studied after the same modification. According to the working conditions of the cylinder liner and piston ring, friction and wear tests of the lubricating oil blends containing the modified nanomaterials were carried out at different temperatures. The results showed that both nanomaterials were successfully modified with oleic acid and stearic acid. The dispersion stability of the modified nanomaterials in lubricating oil was improved. The dispersion stability of the lubricating oil blends with graphene before and after modification was slightly higher than that of lubricating oil blends with CeO2 before and after modification. At high temperature, the anti-friction properties of the two nano lubricating oil blends were similar. At ambient temperature, lubricating oil blends containing modified CeO2 did not play a role in reducing friction, while lubricating oil blends with modified graphene had the effect of reducing friction. Whether at ambient temperature or high temperature, the anti-wear property when lubricated with lubricating oil blends with modified CeO2 within the right concentration range was better than that when lubricated with lubricating oil blends containing modified graphene.
Mary in the New Testament, history, and earliest Christianity
Authors: Leith Mary Joan Winn 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
‘Mary in the New Testament, history, and earliest Christianity’ discusses the Virgin Mary and her role in Christianity as it is first described in the New Testament Gospels. There are two key factors that are important in the development of Marian beliefs: the evolution of Christian doctrine over time and the idea of God’s plan of salvation. Mary can be examined based on relevant archaeological and historical data. There are discontinuities between the scriptural Mary of the New Testament and many Marian beliefs and doctrines that eventually developed within the Church. It is important also to remember the doctrinal disagreements about Mary among Christian denominations that arise from differences in how they approach the Bible.
Empress of heaven and hell
Authors: Leith Mary Joan Winn 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
‘Empress of heaven and hell’ recounts how the Virgin Mary came into her own during Europe’s High Middle Ages. Between 1150 and 1250, over 80 cathedrals and 500 churches were erected in honour of the Virgin Mary. There were a variety of factors that contributed to the explosion of Marian devotion in medieval and Renaissance spirituality. For example, Mary’s intercession with Christ acquired new urgency with a change in expectations about the soul’s fate after death. Related to this was belief in Mary’s Assumption, which is examined in light of theology and art. Mary’s place in medieval anti-Judaism is also worth considering. Historian Henry Adams’s description of medieval Marian energy carried over into the Renaissance, when Jesus’s humanity, based on Mary’s motherhood, became the touchstone for the humanist temper of the age.
History and politics
Authors: Whatmore Richard 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
‘History and politics’ starts with the editorial print by James Sayers from December 1783, elaborating how the history of political thought can explain the print of a plump man riding an elephant with a human face, which caused the Indian Bill to be rejected by parliament. The history of political thought reveals a variety of perceptions of political projects. There is of course Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s infamous Contrat social in 1762, which is considered a call to rebellion and acknowledgment of human bondage. Rousseau’s words sent a warning to people in commercial societies that they are to repeat a cycle of war and rule by tyrannical Caesar figures.
The history of political thought and Marxism
Authors: Whatmore Richard 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
‘The history of political thought and Marxism’ focuses on Marxism, which became the most global and scientific philosophy in the twentieth century. An important figure here is Karl Marx, the outcast from Prussian Trier that famously contributed to the science of historical materialism. Marx’s The Condition of the Working Class in England justified revolution through a philosophy that emerged from reading European history. Marx, along with Friedrich Engels, accepted that the progress of commerce by the end of the eighteenth century made European states more powerful than others in history. Marx’s contemporaries believed that the study of societies in every stage of history is vital in understanding the future.
The ‘Cambridge School’
Authors: Whatmore Richard 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
‘The ‘Cambridge School’’ talks about the Cambridge School of the History of Political Thought, which rejected Marxist approaches for propagating bad history. Cambridge School’s story is very complex and is the product of John Pocock, Quentin Skinner, and John Dunn. The three scholars formulated their ideas about how the history of political thought should become a field in the 1960s. It is worth considering the history of political thought in Britain and Cambridge as a way to understand why Pocock, Skinner, and Dunn wanted to do things differently. The story of the three scholars is tied to the history of liberalism or the story of Britain as a liberal state.
Koselleck and conceptual history
Authors: Whatmore Richard 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
‘Koselleck and conceptual history’ reviews how the study of the history of political thought ended up as the site of the Third Reich and the Holocaust. The question to ask is what had gone wrong with the German traditions of philology and lexicography that is associated with studies of the classical past? Systematic knowledge can be defined through foundational concepts. The disaster of modern history and the failure of historical sensibility in Germany can be used as new techniques to investigate how the past explained the sense of national and cultural failure. The project of ‘conceptual history’ was formulated in the 1950s by Otto Brunner, Werner Conze, and Reinhart Koselleck.
Michel Foucault and governmentality
Authors: Whatmore Richard 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
‘Michel Foucault and governmentality’ talks about Michel Foucault, who is often associated with the poststructuralist and postmodernist ideas of Jacques Derrida, Gilles Deleuze, and Jean-François Lyotard. Lyotard’s famous La condition postmoderne in 1979 gave common currency to the term postmodern. Texts that contributed to mental climates in diverse ways are being adapted to the passage of time and alteration of circumstance. Derrida’s 'arche-writing' is an innovative approach to the study of texts. Derrida claimed that the author’s intentions are constrained by language and logic that relied upon the expression of ideas, as the text could go beyond the limits imagined by the author.
Globality, morality, and the future
Authors: Whatmore Richard 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
‘Globality, morality, and the future’ recounts the 1960s research in the history of political thought, which was inspired by the writings of Leo Strauss, Michel Foucault, Reinhart Koselleck, and the Cambridge School authors. The reconstruction of the meaning of texts can be seen through the scholars’ ideological contexts and perspectives. Despite the rejection of Marxist categories for interrogating history and proletarian revolution, the world created by capitalism continues to be attacked for its endemic war and fanatical politics. Aspects of the history of political thought trained scholars to see the problems of contemporary society. The history of political thought allowed political actions to be charted and evaluated for success.
Minimum Alcohol Pricing and Motor Vehicle Collisions in Scotland
Authors: Vandoros Sotiris , Kawachi Ichiro 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
On May 1, 2018, Scotland introduced a minimum price of 50 pence per unit of alcohol, which led to a reduction in alcohol consumption. As drink-driving is an important risk factor for motor vehicle collisions, we examined whether the minimum alcohol pricing was followed by a decrease in collisions. We took advantage of a case where the minimum price was introduced to 1 population during the study period (Scotland) and another population that served as the control group did not experience this intervention (England and Wales). We used data on the daily number of motor vehicle collisions resulting in death or injury in 2018 and used a differences-in-differences econometric approach, comparing trends before and after the introduction of the minimum price. Controlling for seasonality, we found a small relative decrease in collisions in Scotland compared with England and Wales (difference-in-difference interaction coefficient, −0.35; 95% confidence interval: −0.65, −0.04; P = 0.03). Our results suggest that there was a relative decrease in motor vehicle collisions in Scotland of between 1.52 and 1.90, on average, in the first months after the introduction of the policy. More research is needed to understand any long-term impacts of minimum alcohol pricing.