bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiences and needs of persons living with a household member infected with SARS-CoV-2: A mixed method study
Authors: Verberk Janneke D. M. , Anthierens Sibyl A. , Tonkin-Crine Sarah , Goossens Herman , Kinsman John , de Hoog Marieke L. A. , Bielicki Julia A. , Bruijning-Verhagen Patricia C. J. L. , Gobat Nina H. 
Published: March 2021

Background
Households are important sites for transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and preventive measures are recommended. This study aimed to 1) investigate the impact of living with a person infected with SARS-CoV-2; 2) understand how household members implemented infection control recommendations in their home; and 3) identify the information and support needs of household members.

Methods
For this observational mixed-methods study, households with a person with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were recruited via drive-through testing sites of Municipal Health Services, healthcare worker screening or hospital emergency visits in the University Medical Centre Utrecht, the Netherlands and via primary care physicians, hospital emergency visits or preoperative screening in the University Hospital of Antwerp, Belgium. We recorded household characteristics, including characteristics of all household members, together with their views on prevention measures. In a subset of households one adult household member was asked to participate in an interview investigating their views on preventive measures. Survey data were analysed using descriptive statistics and interview data by rapid framework analysis. A triangulation protocol was used to integrate findings.

Results
Thirty-four households (120 household members) were included in the quantitative survey. Twenty-two households were invited to be interviewed, of which 18 completed an interview (response 81.8%). Survey data showed that almost all households implemented some preventive measures, the use of face masks being least frequently reported. Measures taken depended on what was physically possible, the perceived severity of illness of the index patient and to what extent household members were willing to limit social interaction. Respondents did not believe in the effectiveness of wearing face masks within the house, and from the interviews this was explained by media coverage of face masks, impracticality and the stigma associated with wearing masks. Interviewees reported that quarantine had a high emotional burden and wished to have more information about the exact duration of quarantine, their own COVID-19 status, symptoms and when to seek medical help.

Conclusion
People were willing to implement prevention measures, however actual adherence depended on perceived severity of illness and the perceived risk of becoming infected. Homes are social environments and recommendations for infection prevention should account for this context. Incorporating our findings into policy making could provide households with more relevant and actionable advice.
Editorial – n.71 v.34 - maio/ago. 2020
Authors: Matos dos Santos Vanessa 
Published: March 2021

Com muito orgulho, apresentamos esta nova edição, de número 71, da Revista Educação e Filosofia. Publicada em meio a um cenário marcado pelas instabilidades (sanitária, política, econômica etc), esta edição, composta por 5 artigos que abordam o tema específico do dossiê Fenomenologia e mais 11 artigos nas áreas de Educação e de Filosofia, se coloca como voz de resistência em um contexto pandêmico que alterou (e segue alterando) não apenas as estruturas da sociedade, mas sobretudo a dimensão dos nossos afetos, nossas formas de sentir e interagir com o Outro e conosco mesmo enquanto seres no mundo e não apenas do mundo.
Apesar dos tempos duros e sombrios, insistimos, seguimos, lutamos. Neste sentido, a temática deste dossiê é um convite à reflexão a partir de nós mesmos, nossas vivências cotidianas, relações e contradições.
Effect of selected Rwandan wheat varieties on the physicochemical characteristics of whole wheat flour
Authors: RWUBATSE Bernard , OKOTH Michael Wandayi , ANDAGO Angela Adhiambo , NGALA Sophia , KIMONYO Anastase , BITWAYIKI Clement 
Published: March 2021

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the wheat varieties newly introduced in Rwanda on the physicochemical characteristics of their whole wheat grains in order to know their potentials for processing. Gihundo wheat grain variety had the highest values for extraction yield (99.20 %), contents of ash (1.47 %) and total dietary fiber (15.97 %), water absorption capacity (89.00 %), dough development time (7.62 min) and brightness (84.67 %). For the same physicochemical characteristics, whole flour from Nyaruka wheat variety showed the lowest values for extraction yield (96.20%), water absorption capacity (80.00 %), dough development time (6.33 min) and brightness (80.33), while whole flour from Reberaho wheat variety exhibited the lowest values for the contents of ash (0.98 %) and total dietary fiber (12.44 %). The protein content ranged between 10.00 % and 10.85 % for whole flours from all wheat varieties. The results showed that whole flour from Gihundo wheat grain variety exhibited high values for most of the physicochemical characteristics determined in comparison to the other three varieties. It is important to select grains or flour from these wheat varieties newly introduced in Rwanda based on the individual cultivar because their derivative products could have a more desired quality.
Does women’s intra-household bargaining power have effect on child welfare? Evidence from farm households in Ogun state, Nigeria
Authors: ADEKUNLE Chioma Patricia , ALORI David Alaba , KUTU Adebayo Augustine 
Published: March 2021

This study examines whether greater women’s household bargaining power is associated with the improvement in children’s welfare in Ogun State, Nigeria. Using data from 320 farm households with a Logit regression model, the study revealed that 31.86 % of children under-five years of age were stunted, 32 % were underweight and 16.2 % were wasted. Children growing up healthy were 62 %, implying that one – third of under-five children in the study area still experience nutrition deficiency. About 3.33 % and 1.05 % children simultaneously experienced stunting and wasting together, which perhaps suggests a harsh deprivation environment. In addition, 63.33 % of women in the study area had low bargaining power implying that they lack control over important decisions in their households. Women who enjoy decision-making power in their households, particularly with large purchasing power, are associated with having children with better height-for-age, mass-for-age, and mass-for-height ratios. Women’s inequality as relates to intra-household bargaining power negatively affects children’s welfare and leads to chronic malnutrition. As a policy recommendation, it is therefore, important to enhance women’s status, which, with time will lead to more investment in their children’s education, health, and overall welfare.
Nutritional indices and biochemical profile of Helicoverpa armigera [Hübner (1808)] on different groundnut genotypes
Authors: WAR Abdul Rasheed , HUSSAIN Barkat , MISHRA Suraj Prashad , MUNGHATE Rajendra S , SHARMA Hari C 
Published: March 2021

Nutritional indices and biochemical profile of Helicoverpa armigera in response to feeding on different groundnut genotypes was studied. The moderately resistant genotypes were ICGV 86699, ICGV 86031, ICG 2271 and ICG 1697. JL 24 was used as the susceptible check. Consumption index (CI), approximate digestibility (AD), efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) and efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD) were recorded. In addition, the activities of digestive and defensive enzymes of H. armigera were studied. H. armigera larvae showed significantly lower CI, AD, ECI and EDI when fed on moderately resistant genotypes than the insects fed on JL 24. Serine protease and trypsin activities were low in insects fed on resistant genotypes than the ones fed on JL 24. Further, insects fed on resistant genotypes showed significantly greater glutathione-S-transferase activity than the insects fed on JL 24. A reverse trend was observed for esterase activity. Similar trend was observed for total protein content of the insects. Thus, nutritional quality of host plants affects insect’s physiology and could be used as an important indicator of host plant resistance against insect pests and to understand the adaptation of insect pests, if any, to various genotypes/host plants.
Flow cytometric measurements as a proxy for sporulation intensity in the cultured macroalga Ulva (Chlorophyta)
Authors: Nahor Omri , Morales-Reyes Cristina F. , Califano Gianmaria , Wichard Thomas , Golberg Alexander , Israel Álvaro 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Controlling the life cycle of the green macroalga Ulva (Chlorophyta) is essential to maintain its efficient aquaculture. A fundamental shift in cultivation occurs by transforming the thallus cells into gametangia and sporangia (sporulation), with the subsequent release of gametes and zoids. Sporulation occurrence depends on algal age and abiotic stimuli and is controlled by sporulation inhibitors. Thus, quantification of sporulation intensity is critical for identifying the biotic and abiotic factors that influence the transition to reproductive growth. Here, we propose to determine the sporulation index by measuring the number of released gametes using flow cytometry, in proportion to the total number of thallus cells present before the occurrence of the sporulation event. The flow cytometric measurements were validated by manually counting the number of released gametes. We observed a variation in the autofluorescence levels of the gametes which were released from the gametangia. High autofluorescence level correlated to phototactically active behaviour of the gametes. As autofluorescence levels varied between different groups of gametes related to their mobility, flow cytometry can also determine the physiological status of the gametes used as feedstock in seaweed cultivation.
句對閱讀中的連貫作用
Authors: 妘珊 周 , 惠貞 蕭 
Published: March 2021

提 要本文旨在探究漢語母語者閱讀由不同因果關聯以及語意關聯所組成之連貫句對時, 連貫關係作用於句對處理之影響。整個實驗透過E-Prime軟體進行, 調查母語者閱讀不同句對時, 其反應在連貫性評估、目標句閱讀時間以及目標句回憶表現的情況與差異。研究結果發現, 首先, 當因果關聯的連貫關係高, 受試者認為該句對較有連貫性, 語意關聯亦是如此。第二, 因果關聯高的句對, 其目標句閱讀時間較短;語意關聯的效果僅在高因果時, 使高語意的目標句閱讀時間較低語意來得快。第三, 受試者閱讀因果關聯和語意關聯皆高的句對時, 其目標句回憶表現較佳。
Determinants of serum adiponectin levels: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sattarinezhad Azar , Rasekhi Kazerouni Akbar , Omrani Gholamhossein Ranjbar , Shams Mesbah 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To review non-surgical prevention strategies in women with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndromes.

Content
Women with a gBRCA1 or 2 mutations face a high cumulative breast and ovarian cancer risk. While bilateral mastectomy (PBM) and bilateral salpingo-oophrectomy (PBSO) profoundly reduce the respective cancer risks, they are also associated with considerable side effects. There is therefore an urgent need for alternative and non-surgical risk reduction options. Tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors have both been evaluated in secondary prevention, but their benefit in primary prevention is currently unknown in BRCA mutation carriers. In addition, their use is compromised by their side effect profile which makes them less appealing for a use in chemoprevention.

Summary and outlook
Denosumab is a well-tolerated osteoprotective drug, which has been demonstrated to have a potential preventive effect particularly in BRCA1-deficient models in vitro. The prospectively randomized double-blind BRCA-P trial is currently investigating the preventative effect of denosumab in healthy BRCA1 germ line mutation carriers.
A Signaled Locomotor Avoidance Action Is Fully Represented in the Neural Activity of the Midbrain Tegmentum
Authors: Hormigo Sebastian , Shanmugasundaram Bharanidharan , Zhou Ji , Castro-Alamancos Manuel A. 
Published: March 2021

Animals, including humans, readily learn to avoid harmful and threatening situations by moving in response to cues that predict the threat (e.g., fire alarm, traffic light). During a negatively reinforced sensory-guided locomotor action, known as signaled active avoidance, animals learn to avoid a harmful unconditioned stimulus (US) by moving away when signaled by a harmless conditioned stimulus (CS) that predicts the threat. CaMKII-expressing neurons in the pedunculopontine tegmentum area (PPT) of the midbrain locomotor region have been shown to play a critical role in the expression of this learned behavior, but the activity of these neurons during learned behavior is unknown. Using calcium imaging fiber photometry in freely behaving mice, we show that PPT neurons sharply activate during presentation of the auditory CS that predicts the threat before onset of avoidance movement. PPT neurons activate further during the succeeding CS-driven avoidance movement, or during the faster US-driven escape movement. PPT neuron activation was weak during slow spontaneous movements but correlated sharply with movement speed and, therefore, with the urgency of the behavior. Moreover, using optogenetics, we found that these neurons must discharge during the signaled avoidance interval for naive mice to effectively learn the active avoidance behavior. As an essential hub for signaled active avoidance, neurons in the midbrain tegmentum process the conditioned cue that predicts the threat and discharge sharply relative to the speed or apparent urgency of the avoidance (learned) and escape (innate) responses.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDuring signaled active avoidance behavior, subjects move away to avoid a threat when directed by an innocuous sensory stimulus. Using imaging methods in freely behaving mice, we found that the activity of neurons in a part of the midbrain, known as the pedunculopontime tegmentum, increases during the presentation of the innocuous sensory stimulus that predicts the threat and also during the expression of the learned behavior as mice move away to avoid the threat. In addition, inhibiting these neurons abolishes the ability of mice to learn the behavior. Thus, neurons in this part of the midbrain code and are essential for signaled active avoidance behavior.
Life Across the River: Exploring the Impact of Urbanisation in 18th–19th Century Panevėžys
Authors: Brindzaitė Rūta 
Published: March 2021

Studies aimed at considering the impact of industrialisation, urbanisation and modernisation on human health in 19th-century society are becoming increasingly relevant. Although it is exceptionally rare to encounter human skeletal material from the 19th century in present-day Lithuania, this study explores whether changes which occurred in that century had any impact on human health. This research presents the preliminary results of an anthropological analysis of the human remains discovered in Panevėžys Cemetery, with material spanning the 18th–19th centuries. In total, 90 individuals were examined, including 57 males, 15 females and 18 nonadult individuals. Fractures and nonspecific inflammatory lesions were the most prevalent pathological changes. However, the values of the average height of males and females did not reveal a significant change in stature. Overall, the results demonstrated inconsistent evidence of the effects of urbanisation on the skeletal population. It can be concluded that both the sample size and the observed pathologies represent only part of the community. Therefore, a more representative sample and additional analyses are required in the future, to provide comprehensive results and more solid conclusions.
Judicial Trend in Protecting Human Rights of Persons in Police Custody
Authors: Kumar N Krishna 
Published: March 2021

A person is not liable to be arrested merely on the suspicion of complicity in an offence. The date and time of arrest shall be recorded in the memo which must also be countersigned by the arrestee. The right to counsel begins when a person is being interrogated and continues through pre-trial stages to trial and into appeal since it is an essential ingredient of reasonable, fair and just procedure. It would be prudent for the police officer to allow a lawyer where the accused wants to have one at the time of interrogation, if he wants to escape the censure that the interrogation is carried on in secrecy by physical and psychic torture. However these formalities are not at followed in all cases and in all countries. The higher police officials, even though they may be privately be critical of the actions of the lower officials, are having tendency to protect their fellowmen or the government from civil liability. Keywords: Arbitrary Arrest, Custodial Death, Judicial Review, Torture, Victim
The bond strength of self-compacting concrete exposed to elevated temperature
Authors: Mathews Mervin Ealiyas , Anand N. , Kodur Venkatesh K. R. , Arulraj Prince 
Published: March 2021

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a flowable concrete that can flow, fill and pass through congested area of reinforcement without segregation. As a material used in massive constructions, understanding of the effects of elevated temperature exposure on the properties of SCC is vital. The bond between concrete and embedded steel, which degrades with an increase in temperature, influences the load-carrying capacity and thus the fire resistance of reinforced concrete elements. The objective of this study was to evaluate the bond strength of SCC specimens made with fly ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) and expanded perlite aggregate (EPA) under elevated temperature exposure. EPA was introduced to enhance the fire endurance of the SCC. Slump flow, J-ring and V-funnel tests were conducted as per EFNARC guidelines to check the rheological characteristics of SCC. Specimens were exposed to elevated temperature following the ISO 834 standard fire curve. Pull-out tests were carried out to determine the bond strength of reference SCC specimens and specimens exposed to elevated temperature. Data from the tests showed that the SCC specimens made with a combination of GGBFS and EPA exhibited improved bond strength, both at room and elevated temperatures.
Mercy Killing and the Specific Features of Its Subjective Side
Authors: Ulitin Ilya 
Published: March 2021

Building a rule-of-law state requires establishing rational priorities for legal protection. Human life and health should undoubtedly hold a center place in the criminal law policy as objects of protection against criminal infringements. Murder is one of such harmful infringements. At the same time, there is sometimes a considerable difference in the degree of public danger of its different varieties. Russian criminal law policy is aimed at a further humanization and harmonization of criminal law, which makes it necessary to examine the regulation of mercy killings. A killing committed out of mercy, at the victim’s request, to relief pain and unbearable suffering caused by a severe incurable illness is not regulated by Russian legislation. This type of killings is currently qualified by Russian law enforcers under Clause «в», Part 2, Art. 105 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Thus, Russian legislation views this type of killing as a qualified crime which, according to the author, is not quite correct. The article cites international practice that categorizes mercy killing as a privileged type of crime. Besides, some theoretical considerations in the article are illustrated by examples from Russian court practice on this type of killing. The article is based on both Russian and foreign works in the sphere of criminal law. It discusses some disputed aspects of delineating a mercy killing and offences with similar corpus delicti. The author concludes that there is an objective necessity to legally fix the specific offence of mercy killing, and to amend the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation to include this offence. A draft article of the CC of the RF regulating mercy killing is presented. The suggested and substantiated directions of amending Russian criminal legislation could be used in the lawmaking process for the future improvement of criminal legislation of the Russian Federation, and in teaching criminal law disciplines.
Цифровизация в управлении городом: исследование коммуникационных каналов приема и обработки обращений граждан в Петербурге
Authors: Видясов Евгений Юрьевич , Видясова Людмила Александровна 
Published: March 2021

В настоящее время тенденция цифровизации активно затрагивает сферу гражданского участия в управлении городом. В статье приводятся результаты исследования возможностей цифровых технологий обеспечивать участие горожан в управлении территорией, на которой они проживают, а также эффективно получать государственные услуги в Санкт-Петербурге. Особое внимание уделяется следующим коммуникационным каналам: личные визиты, портал «Наш Петербург», электронная приемная губернатора, системы электронного голосования, краудсорсинговые платформы, площадки инициативного бюджетирования. Каждый из каналов коммуникации оценивался по набору социально-экономических, организационных и технологических критериев. Исследование выполнено в рамках неоинституционального подхода, согласно которому существуют регулятивные, нормативные и когнитивные измерения институтов. Эти три измерения оказывают влияние на то, как граждане воспринимают новые институциональные изменения. Регулятивное измерение создает основу для развития инициатив умного города, а нормативное и когнитивное отражают расхождения в выявленных представлениях всех участников данного процесса. Исследование проведено методом экспертного опроса 50 сотрудников Администрации Санкт-Петербурга, органов местного самоуправления, управляющих компаний и других организаций в сфере ЖКХ, подведомственных органам власти учреждений. Для определения наиболее значимых критериев оценки коммуникационных каналов был проведен факторный анализ с использованием метода главных компонент. Для оценки адекватности данных использована мера адекватности выборки Кайзера-Мейера-Олкина (КМО), а также критерий сферичности Бартлетта. По результатам исследования были выявлены институциональные изменения во взаимодействиях участников в рамках рассмотренной модели в Петербурге по трем каналам коммуникации: портал решения городских проблем «Наш Петербург», электронная приемная губернатора и личные визиты в органы власти. Обозначенные каналы являются наиболее востребованными у всех участников институционального взаимодействия: граждан, представителей НКО и бизнеса. Для трех коммуникационных каналов были построены факторные модели, отражающие наиболее значимые для них параметры.