bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Women-Controlled Universal Vaginal Protection against STIs and Unintended Pregnancy
Authors: F. Omar Rabeea , Trottier Sylvie , Leboeuf Mathieu 
Published: December 2024

Men have a universal protection tool (male condom) under their control to protect themselves against sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV/AIDS, and to avoid unintended pregnancy. Unfortunately, it is not consistently used. Male condom is used in only one-third of at-risk sexual intercourse by men 15–44 years of age. On the other hand, despite being up to 8 times more at risk of getting STIs during an unprotected vaginal intercourse, women have no means under their control to protect themselves as men do. In addition, they are vulnerable to unintended pregnancy that represents about 45% of all pregnancies (of more than 200 million pregnancies annually) around the globe. It is primordial to empower women with vaginal multipurpose prevention technologies (MPTs) to protect themselves during sexual intercourse when men do not use means of protection. Women need safe, effective, affordable and accessible vaginal protection. Protecting women will be beneficial, not only for them, but also for the whole society as well.
Developmental Screening in Young Children: Subsequent Impacts in Academic Performance, Self-Management, and Parental Knowledge
Authors: Swindall Rebecca , Sorensen William , Horton Andria 
Published: December 2024

Developmental delays in children occur in communication, motor skills, problem-solving, and personal-social domains. Clinicians often overlook developmental delays. Studies show 1 in 6 of all children have a developmental delay, with increased prevalence if a child lives in an economically disadvantaged home. These delays are burdensome to individuals, families, education systems and society. Our aim was to launch an intervention by increasing developmental screenings through community collaboration. A non-profit collaborated with childcare centers to conduct center wide screenings, referrals for identified delays, and 4-month follow-up screenings with continued referral support. From November 2023 to February 2024, 617 Ages and Stages Questionnaires (3rd edition) were distributed. Of the caregivers who responded, 29.9% were at high or moderate risk of a developmental delay or had a caregiver concern (N = 80). We connected and provided referrals to 48% of those respondents. At the 4-month follow up, 84.6% of caregivers reported they followed through with referrals received and 83% reported developmental improvements; working with their child was the most cited factor for the progress (31%). The aim of this study was met; the authors subsequently speculate on short- and long-term consequences of this intervention not only for the child, but also for the caregiver and future school performance.
EFFECT OF USING TiO2 IN DYEING PROCESS TO LIQUID WASTE AND CHARACTERIZATION GLOVE LEATHER
Authors: Arya Prastyawan  , Rachmawati Laili , Susanto Heru Budi 
Published: December 2024

This study aims to reduce the use of kronos (content of TiO2 ³92,5%) to overcome the problem of dyeing liquid waste turbidity at PT Adi Satria Abadi, Yogyakarta. In this study, the characteristics of glove leather resulting from reducing the number of kronos. Post tanning process in wet blue sheepskin consist of: wetting back, dyeing, retanning, fatliquoring, fixing I, top fatliquoring, dan fixing II. The study is carried out in the dyeing process and divided into 3 treatments. Treatment I used 1.5% kronos, treatment II used 1% kronos, and the control used 2% kronos. The turbidity of the liquid waste from the dyeing process, the organoleptic and physical characteristics of glove leather were tested. The organoleptic test results for skin characteristics obtained from treatment I were compared with the control: evenness of color (very suitable), color match (suitable), defect covering (very suitable), and softness (very suitable). Meanwhile, the results obtained from treatment II were compared with the control: color evenness (very suitable), color match (quite suitable), defect covering (not suitable), and softness (very suitable). The results of physical tests on skin thickness and softness between control, treatment I and treatment II showed results that met the standards. The skin rubbing test result in treatments I and II was better than the control. The turbidity of dyeing waste shows that treatment I produces lower turbidity than treatment II, while treatment II shows a lower level of waste turbidity than the control. It was concluded that treatment I produced waste with lower turbidity than the control and produced glove leather characteristics that met PT Adi Satria Abadi standards.
Seminar: Reproducible Research with R, LaTeX, &amp; Sweave
Authors: Turner Stephen 
Published: December 2024

Theresa Scott, instructor of the previously mentioned R workshop and weekly R clinic, is giving a lecture entitled &#34;Reproducible Research with R, LaTeX, &amp; Sweave&#34; in MRB III, room 1220, this Wednesday 11/18 at 1:30. You can see more details about the lecture here. Looks like her slides as well as much more introductory material on R, Latex, and Sweave are on her website. Reproducible Research with R, LaTeX, &amp;
GWAS Manhattan plots and QQ plots using ggplot2 in R
Authors: Turner Stephen 
Published: December 2024

<b>
**** UPDATE, May 15 2014 *****
</b>
<b>
The functions described here have now been wrapped into an R package. View the updated blog post or see the online package vignette for how to install and use. If you&#39;d still like to use the old code described here, you can access this at version 0.0.0 on GitHub.
</b>
QQ plots of p-values in R using ggplot2
Authors: Turner Stephen 
Published: December 2024

Way back will wrote on this topic. See his previous post for Stata code for doing this. Unfortunately the R package that was used to create QQ-plots here has been removed from CRAN, so I wrote my own using ggplot2 and some code I received from Daniel Shriner at NHGRI. Of course you can use R&#39;s built-in qqplot() function, but I could never figure out a way to add the diagonal using base graphics.
Seminar: Health Disparities in the Genomic Era: What are we Learning?
Authors: Turner Stephen 
Published: December 2024

This looks good. 208 Light Hall Wednesday 1/13/2010, Noon Charles Rotimi
<i>
Health Disparities in the Genomic Era: What are we Learning?
</i>
Charles Rotimi, PhD, a genetic epidemiologist and a biochemist, is a senior investigator in the Inherited Disease Branch of the NHGRI intramural program.
Browse R Graphics with the R Graph Gallery and the R Graphical Manual
Authors: Turner Stephen 
Published: December 2024

One of R&#39;s biggest strengths is its unparalleled graphing capabilities. Just see any of our previous posts on ggplot2, visualization, or other posts tagged with R. R has several fundamentally different systems for plotting, including base graphics, lattice, and ggplot2. Furthermore, many add-on packages come with their own functions for producing problem-domain specific graphics.
Upaya Meningkatkan Peran Masyarakat Dalam Pencegahan Hipertensi Melalui Edukasi Kesehatan
Authors: Musta’in Musta’in  , Ikrima Ikrima  , Tri Yuniarti  , Liss Dyah Dewi Arini  , Saryadi Saryadi  
Published: December 2024

High blood pressure is a serious health problem because it is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Results of an interview with the head of Posyandu Sakura 9 RW. 01 Manang, Grogol, Sukoharjo shows that more than 70% of people suffer from hypertension. Therefore, socialization through health counseling programs is needed to increase the role of the community in the context of preventing hypertension. At Posyandu Sakura 9 RW. 01 Manang, Grogol, Sukoharjo, community service activities are expected to be able to improve health degrees optimally. Through understanding ways to prevent hypertension, for example in the consumption of healthy foods and physical activity correctly, and can improve people's knowledge, behavior, and attitudes about hypertension. The solutions offered to partners are ways to prevent hypertension through health counseling activities on hypertension, healthy cooking demonstrations in order to reduce excessive consumption of sugar, salt and fat, and healthy heart gymnastics activities to increase physical activity. The conclusion of this community service activity is that the elderly at the Sakura 9 Posyandu are very enthusiastic and give appreciation regarding very useful activities.
Analysis of Organizational Policy Changes In Subdistrict and Village Administration Within The Samarinda Ilir Subdistrict Government, Samarinda City
Authors: Asnar Asnar 
Published: December 2024

This research was carried out in Samarinda Ilir District, Samarinda City with the aim of analyzing the policy of changing the organization of the sub-district and sub-district, as well as finding out the supporting and inhibiting factors in the policy of changing the organization of the sub-district and sub-district. This study uses quatitative approach, data collection was carried out by interview, observation and document analysis methods. The informants in this study were selected using the purposive sampling method, namely the Head of the Organization Section of the Samarinda City Regional Secretariat, Samarinda Ilir Sub-district, Samarinda Ilir District Secretary, and the Head of Section in Samarinda Ilir District. The data analysis used is descriptive analytical analysis, where data is obtained through primary and secondary data sources and then analyzed gradually and continuously. The results of the study show that the policy of changing the organization of sub-districts and sub-districts in Samarinda Ilir District has been running effectively which is reviewed from the coordination of government administration and public services. However, this organizational change has not been effective in terms of community empowerment.
IMPACTOS DE UMA REVISÃO ANATÔMICA EM CADÁVER NA PERSPECTIVA DE ESTUDANTES DE MEDICINA:
Authors: Hott Corrêa Maria Eugênia , Silva Rodrigues Eduarda , Pinheiro Prates Rayssa Kelen , Aloysio Amaral Ernani 
Published: December 2024

O presente relato de experiência discorre sobre um minicurso intitulado Revisão Anatômica no Cadáver. A atividade foi realizada durante a X Semana Acadêmica de Medicina da Faculdade de Medicina do Mucuri, na Universidade Federal dos Vales Jequitinhonha e Mucuri em Teófilo Otoni-MG, sob a organização da Liga de Ciências Morfofuncionais Aplicadas. Esse minicurso teve a finalidade de proporcionar aos participantes uma revisão prática de estruturas anatômicas clinicamente relevantes por meio do contato direto com o cadáver, além de abordar aspectos éticos e técnicos do uso de corpos humanos para fins de estudo. O objetivo do relato é registrar e descrever o impacto da experiência no aprendizado em anatomia humana na perspectiva dos estudantes que participaram do minicurso. Por meio da aplicação de formulários de percepção, as impressões dos alunos cursistas e da equipe executora sobre o minicurso foram coletadas. A análise dos questionários de percepção evidenciou a contribuição significativa do minicurso para a evolução e consolidação do aprendizado anatômico e para sensibilização ética dos futuros profissionais da área médica. Além disso, o minicurso fortaleceu a compreensão da morfologia macroscópica do corpo humano, permitiu visualização das relações anatômicas entre as estruturas corporais e observação de variações anatômicas in situ.
4 Return migration, entrepreneurship and development in rural Kosova
Authors: Kadriu Lumnije 
Published: December 2024

Return migration has become very prominent a pattern in the migration trajectories of peoples’ mobility and thus increasingly researched, revealing a myriad of nuances and experiences. Mostly, the motive for emigration is based on the desire and goal to achieve a success which will prove fruitful upon return. However, the return is faced with different challenges which were/are being under the scrutiny of return migration theoretical explanations. Although Kosova is primarily known as a country of emigration due to its turbulent political history and ongoing economic challenges there are evidenced cases of voluntary return migration. In this paper I will bring experiences of several low-skilled returned emigrants in their villages of origin who established businesses upon return that resulted with certain degree of development and upward social status mobility at personal and communal level. The return of low-skilled workers in rural areas may be among the most challenging returns if considered limited opportunities these areas usually provide. However, new dynamics, especially in tourism potential, are emerging in rural areas. The cases in this paper are quite unique and serve as an illustration of different individual agencies of migrants used as strategy of return.
About the author
Lumnije Kadriu is a senior research associate at the Institute of Albanology, Department of Ethnology, in Prishtina. She is the author of two monographs: "Glocalization: Ethno-cultural Perspectives" and "Holidays, Family, and Homeland in the Practices of Kosovo Albanian Diaspora". She serves as a member of the editorial board for the journal "Gjurmime albanologjike: Folklor dhe etnologji", published by the Institute of Albanology in Prishtina, and for "Antropologji", published by the Institute of Anthropology and Arts Studies in Tirana. She is also a member of SIF (International Society for Ethnology and Folklore) and InASEA (International Association for Southeast European Anthropology). Her recent research interests focus on globalization, transnationalism and return migration.
ສຶກສາຜົນກະທົບຂອງການຫວ່າງງານຕໍ່ກັບການການເກີດອາຊະຍາກໍາ ໃນ ສປປ ລາວ
Authors: ວົງສະຫງ່າ ນິດດາວອນ , ບຸນວິໄລ ລໍາພູນ , ໄຊຍະວົງ ພອນອະໄພ , ສີຈັນທະລາ ບຸນວິໄລ , ໄຊຍະວົງ ແຫວນເພັດ 
Published: December 2024

ບົດຄົ້ນຄວ້າສະບັບນີ້ແມ່ນໄດ້ສຶກສາຜົນກະທົບຂອງການຫວ່າງງານຕໍ່ກັບການກໍ່ອາຊະຍາກໍາໃນ ສປປ ລາວ.ໂດຍມີຈຸດປະສົງເພື່ອສຶກສາສະພາບລວມຂອງການກໍ່ອາຊະຍາກໍາ ໃນ ສປປ ລາວ ຕັ້ງແຕ່ປີ 2013-2019 ແລະ ຜົນກະທົບຂອງການຫວ່າງງານ ແລະ ປັດໄຈອື່ນໆທີ່ມີຜົນຕໍ່ກັບການກໍ່ອາຊະຍາກໍາ ໃນ ສປປ ລາວ.ໂດຍ ນໍາໃຊ້ວິທີການວິເຄາະໃນຮູບແບບສົມຜົນການຄາດປະ ມານກໍາລັງສອງນ້ອຍສຸດເຂົ້າໃນການປະເມີນຄ່າສໍາປະສິດທີ່ສະແດງເຖິງຄວາມສໍາພັນລະຫວ່າງຕົວປ່ຽນຕາມ ແລະ ຕົວປ່ຽນອິດສະຫຼະທີ່ກ່ຽວຂ້ອງໃນແບບຈໍາ ລອງ, ພ້ອມທັງກວດສອບບັນຫາພະຫຸສໍາພັນໂດຍນໍາໃຊ້ວິທີ Correlation Matrix ແລະ ກວດບັນຫາສະຫະສໍາພັນດ້ວຍນໍາໃຊ້ວິທີ Breusch-pagan/Cook - Weisberg test ແລະ ແກ້ໄຂບັນຫາດັ່ງກ່າວດ້ວຍວິທີການປັບປ່ຽນຄ່າຜັນປ່ຽນມາດຕະຖານຂອງ OLS.ຜົນການຄົ້ນຄວ້າສາມາສະຫຼຸບໄດ້ວ່າ: ສະພາບລວມຂອງການກໍ່ອາຊະຍາກໍາໃນ ສປປ ລາວນັບແຕ່ປີ 2013-2019 ສາມາດສະຫຼຸບໄດ້ຄື: ປີ 2013 ມີອາຊະຍາກໍາເກີດຂຶ້ນ 3,385 ຄັ້ງ, 2014 ມີ 3,959 ຄັ້ງ(ທຽບກັບ2013ເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນ16.95%), 2015 ມີ 5,147 ຄັ້ງ(ທຽບກັບ 2014 ເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນ 30%), ປີ 2016 ມີ 5,066 ຄັ້ງ(ທຽບໃສ່ 2015 ຫຼຸດລົງ 1.5%), ປີ 2017 ມີ 5,136 ຄັ້ງ (ທຽບໃສ່ 2016 ເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນ 1.3%), ປີ 2018 ມີ 6,171ຄັ້ງ(ທຽບກັບ 2017 ເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນ 20.15%), ປີ2019 ມີ 5,820 ຄັ້ງ (ທຽບກັບ2018ຫຼຸດລົງ 5.6%) ແລະ ການຫວ່າງງານໃນ ສປປ ລາວ ໃນ ປີ 2017 ແມ່ນ 9.4% ເຊິ່ງແບ່ງເປັນແຕ່ລະແຂວງໄດ້ດັ່ງນີ້: ນະຄອນຫຼວງວຽງຈັນ 0.03%, ຜົ້ງສາລີ 0.04%, ຫຼວງນໍ້າທາ 0.06%, ອຸດົມໄຊ 0.06%, ບໍ່ແກ້ວ 0.06%, ຫຼວງພະບາງ0.05%, ຫົວພັນ 0.07%, ໄຊຍະບູລີ 0.03%, ຊຽງຂວາງ 0.04%, ວຽງຈັນ 0.06%, ບໍລິຄໍາໄຊ 0.06%, ຄໍາມ່ວນ 0.06%, ສະຫວັນນະເຂດ 0.08%, ຈໍາປາສັກ 0.05%, ສາລະວັນ 0.07%, ເຊກອງ 0.05%, ອັດຕະປື 0.05%, ໄຊສົມບູນ 0.06%. ເຊິ່ງແຂວງທີ່ມີການຫວ່າງງານສູງທີ່ສຸດແມ່ນແຂວງສະຫວັນນະເຂດ ແລະ ແຂວງທີ່ມີການຫວ່າງງານຕໍ່າສຸດແມ່ນແຂວງໄຊຍະບູລີ. ຈາກການວິເຄາະເຫັນໄດ້ວ່າ ຄວາມໜ້າແໜ້ນຂອງປະຊາກອນ,ຈໍານວນຫົວໜ່ວຍທຸລະກິດ ແລະ ລາຍໄດ້ຂອງຄົວເຮືອນສົ່ງຜົນເຮັດໃຫ້ມີການກໍ່ອາຊະຍາກໍາເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນ,ແຕ່ພົນລະເມືອງທີ່ອາໄສຢູ່ໃນຕົວເມືອງເຮັດໃຫ້ການກໍ່ອາຊະຍາກໍາຫຼຸດລົງ. ສ່ວນການຫວ່າງງານ,ຈໍານວນເຈົ້າໜ້າທີ່ຕໍາຫຼວດແລະ ລະດັບການສຶກສາຂອງພົນລະເມືອງບໍ່ມີຜົນຕໍ່ກັບການກໍ່ອາຊະຍາກໍາ.ຄໍາສັບສໍາຄັນ: ຜົນກະທົບ, ການຫວ່າງງານ, ການການເກີດອາຊະຍາກໍາ ແລະ ສປປ ລາວ
ການພັດທະນາຊັບພະຍາກອນມະນຸດເພື່ອຕອບສະໜອງຄວາມຮຽກຮ້ອງຕ້ອງການຂອງການພັດທະນາປະເທດຊາດໃນໄລຍະໃໝ່
Authors: ມາລາສິງ ຄໍາໃບ 
Published: December 2024

ຈູດປະສົງຂອງການສຶກສາແມ່ນເພື່ອສຶກສາຄວາມສໍາເລັດຂອງການພັດທະນາຊັບພະຍາກອນມະນຸດໃນໄລຍະຜ່ານ ມາ (1986-2022), ສຶກສາບັນຫາຂອງການພັດທະນາຊັບພະຍາກອນມະນຸດ ແລະ ສຶກສາວິທີການພັດທະນາຊັບ ພະຍາກອນມະນຸດເພື່ອຕອບສະໜອງຄວາມຮຽກຮ້ອງຕ້ອງການຂອງການພັດທະນາປະເທດຊາດໃນໄລຍະໃໝ່. ສຶກສາແບບຄຸນນະພາບ ເນັ້ນສຶກສາ ແລະ ວິເຄາະເອກະສານ ຜົນການສຶກສາພົບວ່າ ຜົນສໍາເລັດໃນການພັດທະນາຊັບພະຍາກອນມະນຸດ ໃນໄລຍະຜ່ານມາ (1986-2022) ເຫັນວ່າ ຖືກຕ້ອງສອດຄ່ອງກັບແນວທາງການປ່ຽນແປງໃໝ່ທີ່ຖືເອົາການພັດທະນາຊັບພະຍາກອນມະນຸດເປັນໃຈກາງໃນການພັດທະນາປະເທດຊາດ ເຮັດໃຫ້ການພັດທະນາຊັບພະຍາກອນມະນຸດໃນແຕ່ລະຂົງເຂດປະສົບຜົນສໍາເລັດສົມຄວນຄື ການສ້າງ ແລະ ປັບປຸງນິຕິກໍາການພັດທະນາຊັບພະຍາກອນມະນຸດໄດ້ດໍາເນີນການຢ່າງຕໍ່ເນື່ອງ ນັ້ນກໍເພື່ອເປັນເຄື່ອງມື ແລະ ພື້ນຖານທາງດ້ານກົດໝາຍທີ່ສຳຄັນໃຫ້ແກ່ການຄຸ້ມຄອງ ແລະ ພັດທະນາຊັບພະຍາກອນມະນຸດ ສາມາດບັນລຸເປົ້າໝາຍ ແລະ ດີຂຶ້ນເທື່ອລະກ້າວໃນແຕ່ລະຂົງເຂດເປັນຕົ້ນແມ່ນຂົງເຂດການສຶກສາ, ສາທາ ແລະ ແຮງງານ ຖືວ່າເປັນໃຈກາງສໍາຄັນຂອງການພັດທະນາປະເທດຊາດ. ບັນຫາຂອງການພັດທະນາຊັບພະຍາກອນມະນຸດ ພົບວ່າ ການສ້າງ ແລະ ປະກາດໃຊ້ບັນດານິຕິກຳຈຳນວນຫຼວງ ຫຼາຍ ແຕ່ກໍຍັງເຫັນວ່າຍັງບໍ່ທັນຮັດກຸມ, ມີຊ່ອງຫວ່າງ ແລະ ຊຳ້ຊ້ອນ; ການບັງຄັບໃຊ້ຍັງບໍ່ທົ່ວເຖິງ ແລະ ປະສິດພາບບໍ່ສູງ. ສ່ວນວິທີການພັດທະນາຊັບພະຍາກອນມະນຸດເພື່ອຕອບສະໜອງຄວາມຮຽກຮ້ອງຕ້ອງການຂອງການພັດທະນາປະເທດຊາດໃນໄລຍະໃໝ່ແມ່ນຄວນຜັນຂະຫຍາຍມະຕິກອງປະຊຸມໃຫຍ່ຄັ້ງທີ XI ຂອງພັກໃນການພັດທະນາຊັບພະຍາກອນມະນຸດໃນເງື່ອນໄຂໃໝ່, ຕ້ອງສ້າງຄົນລາວໃຫ້ມີຄວາມພ້ອມໃນທຸກດ້ານ, ຢ່າງຕໍ່ເນື່ອງໃຫ້ສອດຄ່ອງກັບທິດພັດທະນາຊັບພະຍາກອນມະນຸດ. ພ້ອມກັນນັ້ນ, ຕ້ອງສົ່ງເສີມການຄົ້ນ ຄວ້າ ແລະ ຖືສໍາຄັນການປົກປ້ອງລິຂະສິດ, ຕອບສະໜອງຜົນປະໂຫຍດຢ່າງສົມເຫດສົມຜົນໃຫ້ຜູ້ທີ່ມີຜົນງານປະດິດສ້າງ, ປັບປຸງເນື້ອໃນຫູັກສູດ ແລະ ວິທີສິດສອນໃນລະບົບການສຶກສາສາມັນແຕ່ລະຂັ້ນ, ຮັບປະກັນໃຫ້ຄົນລາວມີລະດັບການສຶກສາພື້ນຖານທີ່ມີຄຸນນະພາບ, ມີການພັດທະນາດ້ານອາຊີບ ແລະ ມີສີມືການອອກແຮງງານທີ່ດີ, ສາມາດຄົ້ນຄວ້າປະດິດສ້າງ ແລະ ເປັນເຈົ້າການນໍາໃຊ້ວິທະຍາສາດ-ເຕັກໂນໂລຊີທີ່ທັນສະໄໝ ໂດຍສະເພາະແມ່ນເຕັກໂນໂລຊີຂ່າວສານ ແລະ ການສື່ສານທີ່ທັນສະໄໝ ໃຫ້ທຽບພາກພື້ນ ແລະ ສາກົນ, ແລະ ປະຕິບັດຍຸດທະສາດພັດທະນາຄົນໃນດ້ານສຸຂະພາບ, ຮ່າງກາຍຢ່າງຕໍ່ເນື່ອງ ດ້ວຍການສ້າງລະບົບບໍລິການສຸຂະພາບໃຫ້ທົ່ວເຖິງ ແລະ ມີຄຸນນະພາບ, ສຸມໃສ່ຍົກລະດັບບາງໂຮງໝໍໃຫ້ຢູ່ນະຄອນຫຼວງວຽງຈັນ ແລະ ເຂດແຄ້ວນໃຫ້ມີລະດັບການກວດ ແລະ ປິ່ນປົວທີ່ມີຄຸນນະພາບສູງ, ສະໜອງຄວາມຮູ້ໂພສະນາການໃຫ້ກວ້າງຂວາງ, ເລິກເຊິ່ງໃຫ້ປະຊາຊົນຕື່ນຕົວເປັນເຈົ້າການໃນການຮັກສາສຸຂະພາບຂອງຕົນເອງ, ຂອງຄອບຄົວ ແລະ ຂອງຊຸມຊົນ ແລະ ການພັດທະນາຄຸນຄ່າວັດທະນະທໍາຂອງຊາດ, ຮຽນຮູ້ມູນເຊື້ອຄວາມສາມັກຄີປອງດອງ, ມີສະຕິຮັກຊາດ ແລະ ເສຍສະຫຼະເພື່ອຜົນປະໂຫຍດ ລວມ, ປູກຈິດສໍານຶກ ແລະ ຄວາມຮັບຜິດຊອບຕໍ່ສັງຄົມ, ສ້າງສະຕິເຄົາລົບກົດໝາຍ, ຕື່ນຕົວປະຕິບັດພັນທະພົນລະເມືອງ ແລະມີຈັນຍາບັນໃນການປະຕິບັດໜ້າທີ່ເພື່ອສັງຄົມ.ຄໍາສັບສໍາຄັນ: ການພັດທະນາ, ຊັບພະຍາກອນມະນຸດ, ການພັດທະນາປະເທດຊາດ ແລະ ໄລຍະໃໝ່
ການພັດທະນາຮູບແບບການບໍລິຫານໂຮງຮຽນພອນສະຫວັນກິລາ-ກາຍຍະກໍາ
Authors: ເພັງສີດາລາ ຄໍາຫຼ້າ , ສຸຂະວົງ ສີຖານ , ວົງຄໍາຈັນ ສຸນຽງ 
Published: December 2024

ການ​ຄົ້​ນ​ຄ້ວ​ຄັ້ງ​ນີ້ ມີ​ຈຸດ​ປະ​ສົງ ເພື່ອ​ພັດ​ທະ​ນາ​ຮູບ​ແບບການ​ບໍ​ລິ​ຫານ​ໂຮງ​ຮຽນ​ພອນ​ສະ​ຫວັນ​ກິ​ລາ-ກາຍ​ຍະ​ກຳ ໂດຍ​ດຳ​ເນີ​ການ​ຄົ້ນ​ຄວ້າ​ເປັນ 4 ໄລ​ຍະ ຄື ໄລ​ຍະ​ທີ່ 1 ສຶກສາສະພາບການບໍລິຫານໂຮງຮຽນພອນສະຫວັນກິລາ-ກາຍຍະກຳ ໂດຍນຳໃຊ້​ການ​ວິ​ເຄາະ​ເອກ​ກະ​ສານ ແລະ ການ​ສຶກ​ສາ​ສໍາຫຼວດ (Survey) ຄວາມຄິດເຫັນຜູ້ບໍລິຫານ ແລະ ວິຊາການ ຈໍານວນ 154 ທ່ານ ໂດຍການ​ເລືອກກຸ່ມເປົ້າ​ໝາຍແບບເຈາະຈົງ (Purposive Sampling), ໄລຍະທີ 2 ພັດທະນາຮູບແບບການບໍລິຫານໂຮງຮຽນພອນສະຫວັນກິລາ-ກາຍຍະກໍາ ໃຊ້ເທັກນິກເດວຟາຍ (Delphi Technique) ໂດຍ​ລວບ​ລວມ​ຄວາມ​ຄິດ​ເຫັນ​ຈາກ​ຜູ້​ຊ່ຽວຊານ ຈຳ​ນວນ 19 ທ່ານ, ໄລຍະທີ3 ກວດ​ສອບ​ຄວາມ​ເປັນ​ໄປ​ໄດ້ຂອງຮູບແບບການບໍລິຫານໂຮງຮຽນພອນສະຫວັນກິລາ-ກາຍຍະກໍາ ໃຊ້​ການ​ປະ​ຊຸມຜູ້ອາ​ວຸດ​ໂສ (Expert Meeting) ຈໍານວນ 9 ທ່ານ ແລະ ໄລຍະທີ 4
ປະເມີນ ຢືນ​ຢັນຮູບແບບການບໍລິຫານໂຮງຮຽນພອນສະ ຫວັນກິລາ-ກາຍຍະກໍາ ໃຊ້​ການ​ສຳຫຼວດຄວາມຄິດເຫັນຜູ້ບໍລິຫານ ແລະ ວິຊາການ ຈໍານວນ 39 ທ່ານ. ເຄື່ອງ​ມື​ທີ່​ໃຊ້ເປັນ​ແບບ​ສອບ​ຖາມ​ມາດ​ຕາ​ສ່ວນ​ປະ​ເມີນ​ຄ່າ 5 ລະ​ດັບ ເພື່ອ​ປະ​ເມີນ​ຄວາມ​ຄິດ​ເຫັນ​ຂອງ​ຜູ້​ຊ່ຽວ​ຊານ ຜູ້​ບໍ​ລິ​ຫານ ແລະ ວິ​ຊາ​ການ. ສະ​ຖິ​ຕິ​ທີ່​ໃຊ້​ໄດ້​ແກ່​ຄ່າສະເລ່ຍ () ແລະ ຄ່າຜັນປ່ຽນມາດຕະຖານ (S.D).
ຜົນ​ການ​ຄົ້ນ​ຄວ້າ​ພົບ​ວ່າ ຮູບແບບຂອງການບໍລິຫານໂຮງຮຽນພອນສະຫວັນກິລາ-ກາຍຍະກໍາ ປະ​ກອບ​ມີ 9 ອົງປະກອບຄືອົງປະກອບດ້ານນະໂຍບາຍ (Politic), ອົງ​ປະ​ກອບດ້ານການຈັດການງົບປະມານ (Budgeting), ອົງ​ປະກອບ​ດ້ານບຸກ​ຄະ​ລາ​ກອນ (Personel), ອົງປະກອບດ້ານການລາຍງານ (Report), ອົງປະກອບດ້ານການປະ ສານງານ (Coordingting), ອົງປະກອບດ້ານການວາງແຜນ (Planning), ອົງປະກອບດ້ານການຄວບຄຸມ (Controlling), ອົງປະກອບດ້ານການຈັດການອົງກອນ (Organizing) ແລະ ອົງປະກອບດ້ານການນໍາພາ (Leading).
ຄໍາສັບສໍາຄັນ ການພັດທະນາ, ຮູບແບບການບໍລິຫານ ແລະ ໂຮງຮຽນພອນສະຫວັນກິລາ-ກາຍຍະກໍາ
The effect of combining antibiotics on resistance: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Siedentop Berit , Kachalov Viacheslav N , Witzany Christopher , Egger Matthias , Kouyos Roger D , Bonhoeffer Sebastian 
Published: December 2024

Background:Under which conditions antibiotic combination therapy decelerates rather than accelerates resistance evolution is not well understood. We examined the effect of combining antibiotics on within-patient resistance development across various bacterial pathogens and antibiotics.Methods:We searched CENTRAL, EMBASE, and PubMed for (quasi)-randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published from database inception to 24 November 2022. Trials comparing antibiotic treatments with different numbers of antibiotics were included. Patients were considered to have acquired resistance if, at the follow-up culture, a resistant bacterium (as defined by the study authors) was detected that had not been present in the baseline culture. We combined results using a random effects model and performed meta-regression and stratified analyses. The trials’ risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane tool.Results:42 trials were eligible and 29, including 5054 patients, qualified for statistical analysis. In most trials, resistance development was not the primary outcome and studies lacked power. The combined odds ratio for the acquisition of resistance comparing the group with the higher number of antibiotics with the comparison group was 1.23 (95% CI 0.68–2.25), with substantial between-study heterogeneity (I2=77%). We identified tentative evidence for potential beneficial or detrimental effects of antibiotic combination therapy for specific pathogens or medical conditions.Conclusions:The evidence for combining a higher number of antibiotics compared to fewer from RCTs is scarce and overall compatible with both benefit or harm. Trials powered to detect differences in resistance development or well-designed observational studies are required to clarify the impact of combination therapy on resistance.Funding:Support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant 310030B_176401 (SB, BS, CW), grant 32FP30-174281 (ME), grant 324730_207957 (RDK)) and from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID, cooperative agreement AI069924 (ME)) is gratefully acknowledged.