bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Atmospheric Attenuation on the Lightning Spectrum
Authors: Wan Ruibin , Yuan Ping , An Tingting , Liu Guorong , Wang Xuejuan , Wang Wangsheng , Huang Xin , Deng Hong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSpectrum carries important information reflecting atomic and molecular processes inside a light source. Accurate spectral diagnosis is vital in revealing the microscopic physical mechanism of the lightning discharge process. Spectral correction was applied considering the influence of atmospheric attenuation, grating efficiency, and camera response on the observed spectrum, thereby solving the problems of atmospheric attenuation in long‐distance lightning spectrum observations. Based on the restored spectrum, the temperature of the lightning return stroke channel was calculated by the ionic and atomic lines respectively. The result showed that corrected temperature at the initial stage of the return stroke, calculated by the ionic line, could reach up to 40,000 K, which was about 10,000 K higher than the values directly obtained from the observed spectrum. Atmospheric attenuation of the atomic spectral line in the near‐infrared band is relatively weak; therefore, atmospheric attenuation was inferred to have a relatively less effect on the channel temperature that was calculated by the atomic spectral lines. This work provided the attenuation ratio of the characteristic lines in lightning spectra with distance, and can used for more precisely quantitative investigation on the physical characteristics of the lightning process. It also has application value for improving the spectral diagnostic techniques on celestial body and other natural luminous process.
FTO promotes tumour proliferation in bladder cancer via the FTO/miR-576/CDK6 axis in an m6A-dependent manner
Authors: Zhou Guanwen , Yan Keqiang , Liu Jikai , Gao Lijian , Jiang Xianzhou , Fan Yidong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe aberrant expression of fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) has been confirmed to be associated with a variety of cancers and participates in the regulation of multiple biological behaviours. FTO plays an oncogenic role in bladder cancer, but few studies have focused on how FTO promotes bladder cancer progression by regulating miRNA synthesis. Here, we confirmed that FTO expression was significantly increased in bladder cancer and was associated with a poor prognosis. FTO overexpression promoted bladder cancer cell proliferation, whereas FTO knockdown inhibited bladder cancer cell proliferation. We also demonstrated that FTO promoted bladder cancer cell proliferation via the FTO/miR-576/CDK6 pathways. Taken together, our work revealed that FTO plays a critical role in bladder cancer and could be a potential diagnostic or prognostic biomarker for this disease.
D6 protein kinase in root xylem benefiting resistance to Fusarium reveals infection and defense mechanisms in tung trees
Authors: Zhang Qiyan , Wu Liwen , Yin Hengfu , Xu Zilong , Zhao Yunxiao , Gao Ming , Wu Hong , Chen Yicun , Wang Yangdong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFusarium oxysporum, a global soil-borne pathogen, causes severe disease in various cultivated plants. The mechanism underlying infection and resistance remains largely elusive.Vernicia fordii, known as the tung tree, suffers from disease caused byF. oxysporumf. sp.fordiis(Fof-1), while its sister speciesV. montanadisplays high resistance toFof-1. To investigate the process of infection and resistance ability, we demonstrated thatFof-1 can penetrate the epidermis of root hairs and then centripetally invade the cortex and phloem in both species. Furthermore,Fof-1 spread upwards through the root xylem in susceptibleV. fordiitrees, whereas it failed to infect the root xylem in resistantV. montanatrees. We found that D6 PROTEIN KINASE LIKE 2 (VmD6PKL2) was specifically expressed in the lateral root xylem and was induced afterFof-1 infection in resistant trees. Transgenic analysis inArabidopsisand tomato revealed thatVmD6PKL2significantly enhanced resistance in both species, whereas thed6pkl2mutant displayed reduced resistance againstFof-1. Additionally, VmD6PKL2 was identified to interact directly with synaptotagmin (VmSYT3), which is specifically expressed in the root xylem and mediates the negative regulation responding toFof-1. Our data suggested thatVmD6PKL2could act as a resistance gene againstFof-1 through suppression ofVmSYT3-mediated negative regulation in the lateral root xylem of the resistant species. These findings provide novel insight intoFusariumwilt resistance in plants.
Genetic and phenotypic analyses reveal major quantitative loci associated to fruit size and shape traits in a non-flat peach collection (P. persica L. Batsch)
Authors: Cirilli Marco , Baccichet Irina , Chiozzotto Remo , Silvestri Cristian , Rossini Laura , Bassi Daniele 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFruit size and shape are critical agronomical and pomological attributes and prime targets in peach breeding programs. Apart from the flat peach type, a Mendelian trait well-characterized at the genetic level, ample diversity of fruit size and shapes is present across peach germplasms. Nevertheless, knowledge of the underlying genomic loci remains limited. In this work, fruit size and shape were assessed in a collection of non-flat peach accessions and selections, under controlled fruit load conditions. The architecture of these traits was then dissected by combining association and linkage mapping, revealing a major locus on the proximal end of chromosome 6 (qSHL/Fs6.1) explaining a large proportion of phenotypic variability for longitudinal shape and also affecting fruit size. A second major locus for fruit longitudinal shape (qSHL5.1), probably also affecting fruit size, was found co-localizing at locus G, suggesting pleiotropic effects of peach/nectarine traits. An additional QTL for fruit longitudinal shape (qSHL6.2) was identified in the distal end of chromosome 6 in a cross with an ornamental double-flower peach and co-localized with theDi2locus, controlling flower morphology. Besides assisting breeding activities, knowledge of loci controlling fruit size and shape paves the way for more in-depth studies aimed at the identification of underlying genetic variant(s).
The regulation of cell wall lignification and lignin biosynthesis during pigmentation of winter jujube
Authors: Zhang Qiong , Wang Lihu , Wang Zhongtang , Zhang Rentang , Liu Ping , Liu Mengjun , Liu Zhiguo , Zhao Zhihui , Wang Lili , Chen Xin , Xu Haifeng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFruit lignification is due to lignin deposition in the cell wall during cell development. However, there are few studies on the regulation of cell wall lignification and lignin biosynthesis during fruit pigmentation. In this study, we investigated the regulation of cell wall lignification and lignin biosynthesis during pigmentation of winter jujube. The cellulose content decreased, while the lignin content increased in the winter jujube pericarp during pigmentation. Safranin O-fast green staining showed that the cellulose content was higher in the cell wall of winter jujube prior to pigmentation, whereas the lignin in the cell wall increased after pigmentation. The thickness of the epidermal cells decreased with pericarp pigmentation. A combined metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis showed that guaiacyl-syringyl (G-S) lignin was the main lignin type in the pericarp of winter jujube, and F5H (LOC107424406) and CCR (LOC107420974) were preliminarily identified as the key genes modulating lignin biosynthesis in winter jujube. Seventeen MYB and six NAC transcription factors (TFs) with potential regulation of lignin biosynthesis were screened out based on phylogenetic analysis. Three MYB and two NAC TFs were selected as candidate genes and further studied in detail. Arabidopsis ectopic expression and winter jujube pericarp injection of the candidate genes indicated that the MYB activator (LOC107425254) and the MYB repressor (LOC107415078) control lignin biosynthesis by regulating CCR and F5H, while the NAC (LOC107435239) TF promotes F5H expression and positively regulates lignin biosynthesis. These findings revealed the lignin biosynthetic pathway and associated genes during pigmentation of winter jujube pericarp and provide a basis for further research on lignin regulation.
Increased variability in Greenland Ice Sheet runoff from satellite observations
Authors: Slater Thomas , Shepherd Andrew , McMillan Malcolm , Leeson Amber , Gilbert Lin , Muir Alan , Munneke Peter Kuipers , Noël Brice , Fettweis Xavier , van den Broeke Michiel , Briggs Kate 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRunoff from the Greenland Ice Sheet has increased over recent decades affecting global sea level, regional ocean circulation, and coastal marine ecosystems, and it now accounts for most of the contemporary mass imbalance. Estimates of runoff are typically derived from regional climate models because satellite records have been limited to assessments of melting extent. Here, we use CryoSat-2 satellite altimetry to produce direct measurements of Greenland’s runoff variability, based on seasonal changes in the ice sheet’s surface elevation. Between 2011 and 2020, Greenland’s ablation zone thinned on average by 1.4 ± 0.4 m each summer and thickened by 0.9 ± 0.4 m each winter. By adjusting for the steady-state divergence of ice, we estimate that runoff was 357 ± 58 Gt/yr on average – in close agreement with regional climate model simulations (root mean square difference of 47 to 60 Gt/yr). As well as being 21 % higher between 2011 and 2020 than over the preceding three decades, runoff is now also 60 % more variable from year-to-year as a consequence of large-scale fluctuations in atmospheric circulation. Because this variability is not captured in global climate model simulations, our satellite record of runoff should help to refine them and improve confidence in their projections.
A large invasive consumer reduces coastal ecosystem resilience by disabling positive species interactions
Authors: Hensel Marc J. S. , Silliman Brian R. , van de Koppel Johan , Hensel Enie , Sharp Sean J. , Crotty Sinead M. , Byrnes Jarrett E. K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInvasive consumers can cause extensive ecological damage to native communities but effects on ecosystem resilience are less understood. Here, we use drone surveys, manipulative experiments, and mathematical models to show how feral hogs reduce resilience in southeastern US salt marshes by dismantling an essential marsh cordgrass-ribbed mussel mutualism. Mussels usually double plant growth and enhance marsh resilience to extreme drought but, when hogs invade, switch from being essential for plant survival to a liability; hogs selectively forage in mussel-rich areas leading to a 50% reduction in plant biomass and slower post-drought recovery rate. Hogs increase habitat fragmentation across landscapes by maintaining large, disturbed areas through trampling of cordgrass during targeted mussel consumption. Experiments and climate-disturbance recovery models show trampling alone slows marsh recovery by 3x while focused mussel predation creates marshes that may never recover from large-scale disturbances without hog eradication. Our work highlights that an invasive consumer can reshape ecosystems not just via competition and predation, but by disrupting key, positive species interactions that underlie resilience to climatic disturbances.
Control of osteocyte dendrite formation by Sp7 and its target gene osteocrin
Authors: Wang Jialiang S. , Kamath Tushar , Mazur Courtney M. , Mirzamohammadi Fatemeh , Rotter Daniel , Hojo Hironori , Castro Christian D. , Tokavanich Nicha , Patel Rushi , Govea Nicolas , Enishi Tetsuya , Wu Yunshu , da Silva Martins Janaina , Bruce Michael , Brooks Daniel J. , Bouxsein Mary L. , Tokarz Danielle , Lin Charles P. , Abdul Abdul , Macosko Evan Z. , Fiscaletti Melissa , Munns Craig F. , Ryder Pearl , Kost-Alimova Maria , Byrne Patrick , Cimini Beth , Fujiwara Makoto , Kronenberg Henry M. , Wein Marc N. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSome osteoblasts embed within bone matrix, change shape, and become dendrite-bearing osteocytes. The circuitry that drives dendrite formation during “osteocytogenesis” is poorly understood. Here we show that deletion of Sp7 in osteoblasts and osteocytes causes defects in osteocyte dendrites. Profiling of Sp7 target genes and binding sites reveals unexpected repurposing of this transcription factor to drive dendrite formation. Osteocrin is a Sp7 target gene that promotes osteocyte dendrite formation and rescues defects in Sp7-deficient mice. Single-cell RNA-sequencing demonstrates defects in osteocyte maturation in the absence of Sp7. Sp7-dependent osteocyte gene networks are associated with human skeletal diseases. Moreover, humans with a SP7R316C mutation show defective osteocyte morphology. Sp7-dependent genes that mark osteocytes are enriched in neurons, highlighting shared features between osteocytic and neuronal connectivity. These findings reveal a role for Sp7 and its target gene Osteocrin in osteocytogenesis, revealing that pathways that control osteocyte development influence human bone diseases.
Nitrogen isotopic constraints on nutrient transport to the upper ocean
Authors: Fripiat François , Martínez-García Alfredo , Marconi Dario , Fawcett Sarah E. , Kopf Sebastian H. , Luu Victoria H. , Rafter Patrick A. , Zhang Run , Sigman Daniel M. , Haug Gerald H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOcean circulation supplies the surface ocean with the nutrients that fuel global ocean productivity. However, the mechanisms and rates of water and nutrient transport from the deep ocean to the upper ocean are poorly known. Here, we use the nitrogen isotopic composition of nitrate to place observational constraints on nutrient transport from the Southern Ocean surface into the global pycnocline (roughly the upper 1.2 km), as opposed to directly from the deep ocean. We estimate that 62 ± 5% of the pycnocline nitrate and phosphate originate from the Southern Ocean. Mixing, as opposed to advection, accounts for most of the gross nutrient input to the pycnocline. However, in net, mixing carries nutrients away from the pycnocline. Despite the quantitative dominance of mixing in the gross nutrient transport, the nutrient richness of the pycnocline relies on the large-scale advective flow, through which nutrient-rich water is converted to nutrient-poor surface water that eventually flows to the North Atlantic.
MISpheroID: a knowledgebase and transparency tool for minimum information in spheroid identity
Authors: Peirsman Arne , Blondeel Eva , Ahmed Tasdiq , Anckaert Jasper , Audenaert Dominique , Boterberg Tom , Buzas Krisztina , Carragher Neil , Castellani Gastone , Castro Flávia , Dangles-Marie Virginie , Dawson John , De Tullio Pascal , De Vlieghere Elly , Dedeyne Sándor , Depypere Herman , Diosdi Akos , Dmitriev Ruslan I. , Dolznig Helmut , Fischer Suzanne , Gespach Christian , Goossens Vera , Heino Jyrki , Hendrix An , Horvath Peter , Kunz-Schughart Leoni A. , Maes Sebastiaan , Mangodt Christophe , Mestdagh Pieter , Michlíková Soňa , Oliveira Maria José , Pampaloni Francesco , Piccinini Filippo , Pinheiro Cláudio , Rahn Jennifer , Robbins Stephen M. , Siljamäki Elina , Steigemann Patrick , Sys Gwen , Takayama Shuichi , Tesei Anna , Tulkens Joeri , Van Waeyenberge Michiel , Vandesompele Jo , Wagemans Glenn , Weindorfer Claudia , Yigit Nurten , Zablowsky Nina , Zanoni Michele , Blondeel Phillip , De Wever Olivier 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSpheroids are three-dimensional cellular models with widespread basic and translational application across academia and industry. However, methodological transparency and guidelines for spheroid research have not yet been established. The MISpheroID Consortium developed a crowdsourcing knowledgebase that assembles the experimental parameters of 3,058 published spheroid-related experiments. Interrogation of this knowledgebase identified heterogeneity in the methodological setup of spheroids. Empirical evaluation and interlaboratory validation of selected variations in spheroid methodology revealed diverse impacts on spheroid metrics. To facilitate interpretation, stimulate transparency and increase awareness, the Consortium defines the MISpheroID string, a minimum set of experimental parameters required to report spheroid research. Thus, MISpheroID combines a valuable resource and a tool for three-dimensional cellular models to mine experimental parameters and to improve reproducibility.
Efficacy of the hemostatic device VasoSTAT and the study of hemostatic factor
Authors: Naganawa Hirokazu , Ito Akira , Saiki Shinrou , Nishi Daisuke , Takamatsu Shinichi , Ito Yoshihisa , Suzuki Takeshi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecently, trans-radial intervention has gained popularity as a common procedure to reduce hemorrhagic complications. However, the cuff-type hemostatic device (TR Band) previously used at our institution required 6 h to achieve hemostasis. Since July 2016, we have been using the VasoSTAT, a new hemostatic device that could achieve hemostasis in 4 h. In a verification study, we found that prolonged activated clotting time (ACT) was related to transient hemorrhage occurrence after the hemostatic procedure. Therefore, we designed a hemostatic protocol based on ACT and evaluated its efficacy. In this retrospective and observational study, 78 and 111 patients used the VasoSTAT and TR Band, respectively, from July 2015 to May 2017. In the VasoSTAT group, the ACTs were significantly lower in the hemostasis success (246 ± 46 s) than in the failure group patients (327 ± 59 s) (P < 0.01). Therefore, we applied the hemostatic protocol to 271 patients from May 2017 to March 2020. The hemostasis success rate was 96% in the post-protocol applied group patients, which was significantly higher than the 82% success rate in the pre-protocol applied group patients (P < 0.01). VasoSTAT resulted in adequate hemostasis in 4 h. Further, ACT was predictive of adequate hemostasis.
Curved, expanded and inclined patterns of dynamic double slit/cross‐double slit/grating experiments
Authors: Peng Hui 
Published: November 2021

AbstractYoung's 1D‐double‐slit experiments have been extended to 2D‐cross‐double‐slit experiments, in which more than one 1D‐double‐slits are crossed at the same spot and each 1D‐double‐slit creates the interference pattern independently. In this article, the varieties of the double‐slit/cross‐double‐slit/grating experiments are presented. The universal novel phenomena are: (1) the interference/diffraction patterns (hereafter referred as “patterns”) are curved; (2) the patterns are expanded; and (3) the patterns created by the tilt‐double slits are inclined to the axis perpendicular to the axis the diaphragm rotates around. The directions of the patterns curved towards are determined by whether the diaphragm rotates clockwise or counter‐clockwise. To determine the directions, right‐hand rule and left‐hand rule are proposed. The degrees of the expansions depend on both the original orientation of the double slit and the angle of the diaphragm rotates. The formulars to calculate the expansion and the inclination of the patterns are derived. The experimental observations support the formulars. The novel phenomena not only make the Feynman's mystery more mysterious, but also provide the comprehensive data/information to theoretical study of the mystery of double slit experiments. Furthermore, the novel phenomena may have potential applications, for example, in antenna system. The phenomenon of the expanded Airy pattern is presented.
SRG/eROSITA discovery of 164 s pulsations from the SMC Be/X-ray binary XMMU J010429.4-723136
Authors: Carpano S. , Haberl F. , Maitra C. , Freyberg M. , Dennerl K. , Schwope A. , Buckley A. H. , Monageng I. M. 
Published: November 2021

Context.The Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) hosts many known high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs), and all but one (SMC X-1) have a Be companion star. Through the calibration and verification phase of eROSITA on board the Spektrum-Roentgen-Gamma (SRG) spacecraft, the Be/X-ray binary XMMU J010429.4-723136 was in the field of view during observations of the supernova remnant, 1E0102.2-7219, used as a calibration standard.Aims.We report timing and spectral analyses of XMMU J010429.4-723136 based on three eROSITA observations of the field, two of which were performed on 2019 November 7-9, with the third on 2020 June 18-19. We also reanalyse the OGLE-IV light curve for that source in order to determine the orbital period.Methods.We performed a Lomb-Scargle periodogram analysis to search for pulsations (from the X-ray data) and for the orbital period (from the OGLE data). X-ray spectral parameters and fluxes were retrieved from the best-fit model.Results.We detect, for the first time, the pulsations of XMMU J010429.4-723136 at a period of -164 s, and therefore designate the source as SXP 164. From the spectral fitting, we derive a source flux of ~1 × 10−12erg s−1cm−2for all three observations, corresponding to a luminosity of ~4 × 1035erg s−1at the distance of the SMC. Furthermore, reanalysing the OGLE light curve, including the latest observations, we find a significant periodic signal that we believe is likely be the orbital period; at 22.3 days, this is shorter than the previously reported values. TheSwift/XRTlight curve, extracted from two long monitorings of the field and folded at the same period, suggests that a modulation is also present in the X-ray data.