bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of Clinical Characteristics and Etiology With Death in Hospitalized Chinese Children After Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Single-Center, Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Huang Xiaoyan , Cheng Zicheng , Xu Ye , Xia Lingfan , Zhan Zhenxiang , Xu Tong , Cao Yungang , Han Zhao 
Published: February 2021

Objective: We retrospectively analyzed clinical characteristics, etiology, and mortality risk factors in pediatric cases of non-traumatic spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.Methods: This study involved children between 29 days and 18 years old with confirmed spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage based on head CT or MRI at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University and Yuying Children's Hospital from January 2008 to March 2020. Demographic and clinical characteristics, etiology, imaging, and treatment data were collected at baseline. Potential risk factors of in-hospital death were identified using univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression.Result: A total of 200 children (126 males, median age 5 years) were included in the study. Clinical symptoms of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage were typically non-specific (79.5%). One third of patients (31.1%) had a Glasgow Coma Scale score (GCS) ≤ 8, and nearly two-thirds (60.5%) showed a combination of ventricular hemorrhage or subarachnoid hemorrhage. Supratentorial hemorrhage was more common. Cerebrovascular disease (37.0%) and hematological disease (33.5%) were the most frequent etiologies of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Most patients (74.5%) received non-surgical treatment, while 25.5% received surgical treatment. After an average of 12 days of treatment, 167 children (83.5%) survived and 33 (16.5%) died. Multivariate logistic regression showed herniation syndrome, and low GCS (≤ 8) to be associated with increased risk of mortality, while hemorrhage due to arteriovenous malformation was associated with lower risk of mortality.Conclusion: Our data suggest that cerebrovascular disease is the most common cause of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage among children, and that arteriovenous malformation is associated with lower risk of death in hospital. Conversely, the presence of herniation syndrome, low GCS (≤ 8) increase risk of in-hospital mortality. Our results underscore the importance of timely imaging and supplementary examinations in cases of suspected spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.
Supplemental Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 and Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Pigs
Authors: Holgersen Kristine , Gao Xiaoyan , Narayanan Rangaraj , Gaur Tripti , Carey Galen , Barton Norman , Pan Xiaoyu , Muk Tik , Thymann Thomas , Sangild Per Torp 
Published: February 2021

Background: Recombinant human IGF-1/binding protein-3 (rhIGF-1/BP-3) is currently tested as a therapy in preterm infants but possible effects on the gut, including necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), have not been tested. The aim of this study was to evaluate if rhIGF-1/BP-3 supplementation in the first days after birth negatively affects clinical variables like growth, physical activity, blood chemistry and hematology and gut maturation (e.g., intestinal permeability, morphology, enzyme activities, cytokine levels, enterocyte proliferation, NEC lesions), using NEC-sensitive preterm pigs as a model for preterm infants.Methods: Preterm pigs were given twice daily subcutaneous injections of rhIGF-1/BP-3 or vehicle. Blood was collected for IGF-1 measurements and gut tissue for NEC evaluation and biochemical analyses on day 5.Results: Baseline circulating IGF-1 levels were low in preterm pigs compared with near-term pigs reared by their mother (&lt;20 vs. 70 ng/ml). Injection with rhIGF-1/BP-3 resulted in increased plasma IGF-1 levels for up to 6 h after injection (&gt;40 ng/mL). rhIGF-1/BP-3 treatment reduced the incidence of severe NEC lesions (7/24 vs.16/24, p = 0.01) and overall NEC severity (1.8 ± 0.2 vs. 2.6 ± 0.3, p &lt; 0.05, with most lesions occurring in colon). In the small intestine, villi length (405 ± 25 vs. 345 ± 33 μm) and activities of the brush border peptidases aminopeptidase N and dipeptidylpeptidase IV were increased in rhIGF-1/BP-3 treated pigs, relative to control pigs (+31–44%, both p &lt; 0.05). The treatment had no effects on body weight, blood chemistry or hematology, except for an increase in blood leucocyte and neutrophil counts (p &lt; 0.05, i.e., reduced neonatal neutropenia). Likewise, rhIGF-1/BP-3 treatment did not affect intestinal tissue cytokine levels (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNFα,), enterocyte proliferation, goblet cell density, permeability or bacterial translocation to the bone marrow.Conclusion: Supplemental rhIGF-1/BP-3 did not negatively affect any of the measured variables of clinical status or gut maturation in preterm pigs. Longer-term safety and efficacy of exogenous rhIGF-1/BP-3 to support maturation of the gut and other critical organs in preterm newborns remain to be investigated in both pigs and infants.
CT Angiography or Cardiac MRI for Detection of Coronary Artery Aneurysms in Kawasaki Disease
Authors: van Stijn Diana , Planken Nils , Kuipers Irene , Kuijpers Taco 
Published: February 2021

Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute vasculitis that mainly affects the coronary arteries. This inflammation can cause coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs). Patients with KD need cardiac assessment for risk stratification for the development of myocardial ischemia, based on Z-score (luminal diameter of the coronary artery corrected for body surface area). Echocardiography is the primary imaging modality in KD but has several important limitations. Coronary computed tomographic angiography (cCTA) and Cardiac MRI (CMR) are non-invasive imaging modalities and of additional value for assessment of CAAs with a high diagnostic yield. The objective of this single center, retrospective study is to explore the diagnostic potential of coronary artery assessment of cCTA vs. CMR in children with KD.Methods and Results: Out of 965 KD patients from our database, a total of 111 cCTAs (104 patients) and 311 CMR (225 patients) have been performed since 2010. For comparison, we identified 54 KD patients who had undergone both cCTA and CMR. CMR only identified eight patients with CAAs compared to 14 patients by cCTA. CMR missed 50% of the CAAs identified by cCTA.Conclusions: Our single center study demonstrates that cCTA may be a more sensitive diagnostic tool to detect CAAs in KD patients, compared to CMR.
Characterizing the Structural Pattern of Heavy Smokers Using Multivoxel Pattern Analysis
Authors: Ye Yufeng , Zhang Jian , Huang Bingsheng , Cai Xun , Wang Panying , Zeng Ping , Wu Songxiong , Ma Jinting , Huang Han , Liu Heng , Dan Guo , Wu Guangyao 
Published: February 2021

Background:Smoking addiction is a major public health issue which causes a series of chronic diseases and mortalities worldwide. We aimed to explore the most discriminative gray matter regions between heavy smokers and healthy controls with a data-driven multivoxel pattern analysis technique, and to explore the methodological differences between multivoxel pattern analysis and voxel-based morphometry.Methods:Traditional voxel-based morphometry has continuously contributed to finding smoking addiction-related regions on structural magnetic resonance imaging. However, voxel-based morphometry has its inherent limitations. In this study, a multivoxel pattern analysis using a searchlight algorithm and support vector machine was applied on structural magnetic resonance imaging to identify the spatial pattern of gray matter volume in heavy smokers.Results:Our proposed method yielded a voxel-wise accuracy of at least 81% for classifying heavy smokers from healthy controls. The identified regions were primarily located at the temporal cortex and prefrontal cortex, occipital cortex, thalamus (bilateral), insula (left), anterior and median cingulate gyri, and precuneus (left).Conclusions:Our results suggested that several regions, which were seldomly reported in voxel-based morphometry analysis, might be latently correlated with smoking addiction. Such findings might provide insights for understanding the mechanism of chronic smoking and the creation of effective cessation treatment. Multivoxel pattern analysis can be efficient in locating brain discriminative regions which were neglected by voxel-based morphometry.
Influencing Factors of Psychological Well-Being of the Non-designated Hospital Staff in China During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Yao Dandan , Lyu Jihui , Ma Zongjuan , Champ Mei , Xiong Qian , Li Mo , Li Wenjie , Mu Haiyan , Hu Yueqing , Gao Wenchao , Jia Dongmei 
Published: February 2021

Background: Recent studies report that hospital staff at the forefront of caring for COVID-19 patients experience increased psychological distress. To effectively manage the outbreak of COVID-19, China established COVID-19 designated and non-designated hospitals. To date, few studies have examined the impacts of COVID-19 on psychological health of staff working at non-designated hospitals. This study is to explore factors affecting psychological health of non-designated hospital staff in China during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: Data were collected through an online questionnaire between February and March 2020. The questionnaire consists of General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-20), Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ), sociodemographic characteristics, employment history, health status, and contact history of COVID-19. The questionnaire was distributed through hospital WeChat groups and work colleague referrals. A total of 470 non-designated hospital staff members completed the questionnaire. Multiple Linear Regression analysis was used to interpret the associations among social support, coping styles, sociodemographic factors, job roles, and psychological status. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0.Results: The non-designated hospital staff differed significantly in anxiety and depression subscores of the GHQ-20 by their job roles, levels of social support, and history of mental disorders. Staff with medical job roles, good self-reported health status, no previous mental disorders, adequate social support, and positive coping styles scored lower in GHQ-20 total score, which indicated healthier psychological status.Conclusions: The results indicate that history of mental health disorders, non-medical job roles, and inadequate social support are associated with greater psychological distress. Personalized support should be provided to those who are vulnerable and in need of social and psychological support.
Differences in Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients With Depressive vs. Manic First Episode of Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Wang Zhonggang , Cao Yuying , Zhu Yaya , Li Kunkun , Jiang Xianfei , Zhuo Chuanjun , Triplett Patrick , Li Jie 
Published: February 2021

Background: Bipolar disorder is a serious mental disease marked by episodes of depression, mania, hypomania, or mixed states. Patients with bipolar disorder may present with different symptoms at first onset. The aim of this study is to compare demographic and clinical variables based on a patient's first episode of bipolar disorder, including risk of recurrence over a 2-year period.Methods: A large cohort (N = 742) of patients with bipolar disorder in China was analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups according to their first episode of bipolar disorder, either depression or mania. Patients in mixed state first episode were classified based on predominant symptoms. Three hundred eighteen patients of the cohort had a first episode of mania and 424 patients had initial symptoms of depression. Demographic and clinical data were collected. All patients were followed up for 24 months. Data on compliance with follow-up appointments and recurrence of symptoms after 6, 12, 18, and 24 months were collected. Clinical characteristics (course of disease, age of onset, psychiatric family history, etc.) were compared between the mania group and depression groups.Results: More patients with bipolar disorder had a first episode of depression than mania (57.14 vs. 42.86%). Compared with the depression group, the mania group had later age of diagnosis of bipolar disorder [(38.64 ± 13.50) vs. (36.34 ± 14.94), P = 0.028], lower education level [(9.37 ± 4.34) vs. (10.17 ± 4.81), P = 0.017] and longer latency between an initial episode of psychiatric symptoms and formal bipolar diagnosis [(10.80 ± 10.76) vs. (8.85 ± 9.90), P = 0.012]. More patients in the mania group were male and without psychotic symptoms (all P &lt; 0.05). In comparison with the mania group, more patients in the depression group were female, with higher frequency of a reported precipitating event before first mood episode (all P &lt; 0.05). Compared with the depression group, the mania group had more recurrences of illness at the end of 12 months (Z =-2.156, P = 0.031), 18 months (Z =-2.192, P = 0.028), and 24 months (Z = −2.364, P = 0.018).Conclusions: In our study, there are a number of differences in demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with different onset syndromes of bipolar disorder. These differences include gender, education level, diagnosis age, the rate of recurrences, and others. These data of a cohort of Chinese patients add to the growing international literature on the relationship between index episode of bipolar disorder and clinical variables and outcomes. These results and further study may allow clinicians to offer patients and families more reliable prognostic information at the onset of disease.
Senior Housing as a Living Environment That Supports Well-Being in Old Age
Authors: Jolanki Outi Hannele 
Published: February 2021

Background:In different parts of the world new models of senior housing have rapidly appeared, which indicates that existing housing and care models are not fulfilling the hopes and needs of current and new generations of older people.Material and Methods:This qualitative study focuses on one type of communal senior housing complex located in a mid-sized town in Central Finland. The complex was designed to have accessible low-maintenance apartments and common spaces, and to be near easily accessible green spaces, amenities, services, and public transport. The complex has a part-time community coordinator. The minimum age limit is set at 55 years. The data consists of 36 qualitative interviews with residents (21 women, 15 men) aged 66–93, conducted between November 2018 and February 2019. The semi-structured interviews were recorded and transcribed. The data analysis focused on how different aspects of the manmade, natural, and social environment were portrayed in residents' descriptions of day-to-day life. Theoretical framework adopted for the study draws from the ideas of environmental and geographic gerontology. The data was analyzed using positioning analysis which is one form of discourse analysis.Results:The senior housing in this study fulfilled its promise of providing accessible a physical and social environment which encourages and enables residents to be physically active and independent, yet which also provides social activities and feeling safe. In this respect, the senior housing complex offered an environment which supports well-being and healthy aging. However, the residents' interpretations of what the senior housing complex represented varied. For some of the residents it was first and foremost a social place, which provided opportunities for social contacts and social activities. For some of the residents the most important were maintenance-free apartments and outdoor areas. The question remains as to how social practices, in the form of government policies and market systems can support the development of different kinds of senior housing which are affordable and accessible for all.
Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Physical Activity Among the Chinese Youths: The COVID-19 Impact on Lifestyle Change Survey (COINLICS)
Authors: Zhou Junmin , Xie Xiaofen , Guo Bing , Pei Rong , Pei Xiaofang , Yang Shujuan , Jia Peng 
Published: February 2021

Background: The study sought to assess the changes in physical activity (PA) and sedentary time among Chinese youths at different stages after the COVID-19 outbreak.Methods: It was based on a retrospective online survey conducted in May 2020. More than 10,000 youths voluntarily recalled their PA-related information at three stages: before COVID-19 (January), during lockdown (February), and after lockdown (May). χ2 tests were conducted to evaluate the significance of the differences in participants' characteristics between sexes, and Wilcoxon Rank Sum tests were performed to examine the significance of differences in changes in PA and sedentary behavior levels between sexes.Results: A total of 8,115 participants were included, with a mean age of 20. The percentage of no PA per week increased significantly and then slightly fell, and that of ≥150 min/week substantially decreased and then rebounded partially (all p &lt; 0.001) (for instance, the percentage of ≥150 min/week of PA total decreased from 38.6 to 19.4%, then rebounded back to 25.3%). Means hours per day spent in sedentary behaviors had significantly increased during lockdown comparing to pre-COVID-19 (all p &lt; 0.001). There were more participants reported reduced PA level than those indicated increased, and more participating youths had their sedentary behavior level increased than those who had it decreased.Conclusions: The study found COVID-19 had both immediate and longer-term impacts on self-reported physical activities and sedentary behaviors among Chinese youths. Relevant efforts should be strengthened to get youths physically moving again.
PENYAJIAN DAN PENGUNGKAPAN DANA NON HALAL PADA LAPORAN KEUANGAN BAZNAS KOTA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Sholihah Ria Anisatus 
Published: February 2021

Organisasi Pengelola Zakat (OPZ) merupakan institusi yang memiliki fungsi untuk proses pengumpulan serta penyaluran zakat Penyusunan laporan keuangan OPZ berpedoman pada PSAK No. 109 tentang Akuntansi Zakat. Dalam melakukan kegiatan operasionalnya, BAZNAS Kota Yogyakarta memiliki transaksi dengan Lembaga Keuangan Konvensional, yaitu adanya pendapatan bunga bank dan bonus giro dari bank kovensional. Transaksi dengan bank konvensional tersebut menimbulkan adanya penerimaan atau pendapatan yang dapat dikategorikan sebagai dana non halal dan harus diungkapkan dalam laporan keuangan. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran dana non halal serta pengungkapan dan penyajian dana non halal pada laporan keuangan BAZNAS Kota Yogyakarta mulai tahun 2016-2018. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyajian dan pengungkapan dana non halal pada BAZNAS Kota Yogyakarta telah sesuai dengan PSAK 109. Penerimaan non halal yang berasal dari penerimaan bunga bank, jasa giro (bank konvensional), dan atau dana non syariah lainnya telah terpisah dari dana zakat, dana infak/sedekah dan dana amil. Penggunaan dana non halal perlu dipisahkan dari pengeluaran beban operasional BAZNAS Kota Yogyakarta dan harus disalurkan untuk kegiatan membantu pembangunan fasilitas umum.
التنظيم الدستوري والقانوني لحق مخاطبة السلطات العامة
Authors: يونس مها بهجت , جبار جمال ناصر 
Published: February 2021

ان حق مخاطبة السلطات العامة عن طريق العرائض والشكاوى يعد احد الوسائل الفردية للمشاركة في الشؤون العامة المقررة للافراد، وذلك لما تتضمنه هذه العرائض من مسائل مهمة للفرد والمجتمع والسلطات العامة على حد سواء، كما ان حق مخاطبة السلطات العامة يمنح المواطن دورا ايجابيا ومهما في الحياة العامة لانه يتيح له الاتصال بالسلطات بشكل مباشر وتقديم مقترحاته وتظلماته، كما ان حق مخاطبة السلطات العامة يعد ضامنا حقيقيا للحقوق والحريات العامة وحمايتها من الانتهاك من قبل اي طرف بما يحقق المزيد من الاستقرار في المجتمع ويعزز روح المواطنة والانتماء بين افراده.
وبهذا الصدد نلاحظ ان العديد من الدساتير في مختلف دول العالم تؤكد على هذا الحق وتنص عليه في صلب الوثيقة الدستورية، اضافة الى تنظيمه بواسطة القوانين العادية المكملة للتنظيم الدستوري، وتمنح المواطنين حق مخاطبة السلطات العامة بشكل فردي او جماعي، وسواء تعلق موضوع العريضة بامور شخصية او عامة.
ويلقي البحث الضوء على ما هو موقف دستور جمهورية العراق لعام 2005، من حق مخاطبة السلطات العامة وهل يتضمن الدستور نصوصا يمكن ان تشكل اساسا دستوريا لممارسة هذا الحق؟ وهل ان تنظيم هذا الحق بواسطة القوانين العادية يكفل ممارسته من قبل الافراد وعدم فرض اي قيود تحد او تضيق من ذلك؟ وذلك بالمقارنة مع كل من الدستور الفرنسي لعام ١٩٥٨ المعدل والدستور اللبناني لعام ١٩٢٦ المعدل.
حق الرجوع على الشريك في المال الشائع في حالة الانتفاع والتصرف
Authors: عبدالرضا حسين عبدالله , صالح قتيبة مهدي 
Published: February 2021

يعتبر موضوع حق الرجوع على الشريك في المال الشائع في حالة الانتفاع والتصرف من المواضيع المهمة في الحقوق العينية ، وتكمن اهميته من خلال تحديد النطاق الذي يسمح به القانون للشريك بماشرة السلطات التي يخولها اياه حق الملكية على حصته الشائعة ، اذ لا يسمح القانون بتجاوز هذا النطاق من قبل اي شريك لأنه يعد تعدي على حقوق الشركاء الاخرين ، ومن ثم ينشأ للشريك الاخر الحق في الرجوع على الشريك المتعدي.
ومن خلال البحث موضوع الدراسة سوف يتبين لنا الحالات التي تشكل تعديا على حق الشريك الاخر ، ومن خلال هذه الحالات يكون للشريك مباشرة حقه في الرجوع على الشريك الذي انتفع او تصرف في المال الشائع متجاوزا النطاق الذي سمح به القانون.
فالشريك الشائع اذا كان يسمح له القانون باستعمال حصته الشائعة واستغلالها والتصرف فيها، فأن ذلك يجب ان يكون في الحدود القانونية بمعنى ان تكون بمقدار الحصة الشائعة فاذا انتفع الشريك او تصرف بمقدار يزيد عن حصته الشائعة او بكل المال الشائع ، او تسبب من خلال مباشرة سلطته بالانتفاع او التصرف بضرر لحصص باقي الشركاء ، ففي مثل هذه الحالات يكون للشريك الاخر مباشرة حقه في الرجوع عليه عن هذا التجاوز او التسبب .
المطالبات في عقود الانشاءات (الفيديك)
Authors: عبد الصاحب علي مطشر , علي علي داود 
Published: February 2021

تعد عقود الفيديك إنعكاسا واضحا للتطورات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية والتقنية في اعمال البناء, والتي فرضت اتجاها دوليا لتوحيد القوانين نظرا لترابط وتوسع المصالح الدولية واجتياز انشطة شركات المقاولات الكبرى خارج حدود بلدانها, اذ نجد ان معظم القوانين الوطنية قامت باعتماد عقود الفيديك FIDIC والتي تم صياغتها من قبل الاتحاد الدولي للمهندسين الاستشاريين, واخرها كان عقد التشييد للمباني والاعمال الهندسية المصممة من قبل رب العمل والصادر عام 1999 والمعروف بالكتاب الاحمر الجديدNew Red Book, الذي جاء متميزا عن الاصدارات السابقة باعتماده التصميم الذي يقدمه رب العمل او مهندسة الاستشاري على ان يقوم المقاول بتشييد الاعمال وفقا لذلك التصميم بغض النظر عن نوعية الاعمال, فهو يصلح لاعمال الهندسة المدنية وكذلك الميكانيكية والكهربائية, هذا النموذج الذي اعتمده العراق مؤخرا ضمن الوثائق القياسية لعقود تنفيذ الاشغال العامة التي اصدرتها دائرة تنفيذ العقود الحكومية في وزارة التخطيط .
ان اصدار عقد الفيديك الجديد هذا قد ميز بين مفهوم المطالباتclaims ومفهوم المنازعاتdisputes , اذ قرر لكل منهما احكاما وآثارا معينة لذا كان من الضروري ان نتعرض في هذا البحث الى التمييز بينهما. من ناحية اخرى نرى ان المطالبات في عقود المقاولات الانشائية قد اصبحت امرا مسلما به, اذ لا يخلو اي عمل انشائي من مطالبات يطالب بها المقاول ورب العمل بعضهم البعض, رغم ان الغالبية العظمى من المطالبات تكون للمقاول الذي قد يقدمها ضد رب العمل او ضد رب العمل والمهندس الاستشاري متضامنين , وقد يقدمها ضد المقاول من الباطن . لذلك فقد اصبحت تلك المطالبات من آثار عقد الانشاءات(الفيديك) نظرا لما تشكله من دور فاعل في اثارة النزاع بين المقاول ورب العمل, لذا فان هذا البحث سيبين تصنيف المطالبات واسبابها وكذلك تنظيمها مع بيان دور المهندس الاستشاري في فحص وتقرير واستلام الاشعارات الخاصة بالمطالبات وكذلك بيان كيفية تجنبها والاجراءات المتبعة في حل المطالبات
حجية البصمة الوراثية وسلطة المحكمة في الأخذ بها بالاثبات الجزائي (دراسة مقارنة)
Authors: سليمان نصر محمد 
Published: February 2021

يَنصَبُ هذا البحث على حجية البصمة الوراثية في الإثبات الجزائي, ودورها في تكوين قناعة القاضي، كما ويعالج مشكلة أساسية على درجة كبيرة من الاهمية، وهي مدى إمكانية إستخدام البصمة الوراثية كبينة, أو كدليل قاطع في الإثبات الجزائي, وذلك في ظل العقبات العديدة التي تعترض طريق إستخدامها, ومن بينها إجبار المتهم على الخضوع لإجراء التحليل, ومدى المساس بحقه في خصوصيته الجينية وسلامة جسده, إذ إن الدستور والقانون كفلا حق الافراد في حماية أنفسهم وخصوصياتهم.
ولذلك تم تقسيم هذه الورقة البحثية الى مبحثين إثنين تناول المبحث الأول البصمة الوراثية ومدى حجيتها في القضاء, اما المبحث الثاني فقد تناول سلطة المحكمة بالأخذ بالبصمة الوراثية في الإثبات الجزائي, ومن ثم في الخاتمة تم تضمين أهم نتائج البحث والتوصيات.