bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethanol exposure of human pancreatic normal ductal epithelial cells induces EMT phenotype and enhances pancreatic cancer development in KC (Pdx1‐Cre and LSL‐KrasG12D) mice
Authors: Yu Wei , Ma Yiming , Roy Sanjit K. , Srivastava Rashmi , Shankar Sharmila , Srivastava Rakesh K. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAlcohol is a risk factor for pancreatic cancer. However, the molecular mechanism by which chronic alcohol consumption influences pancreatic cancer development is not well understood. We have recently demonstrated that chronic ethanol exposure of pancreatic normal ductal epithelial cells (HPNE) induces cellular transformation by generating cancer stem cells (CSCs). Here, we examined whether chronic ethanol treatment induces epithelial–mesenchymal transition in HPNE cells and promotes pancreatic cancer development in KC (Pdx1‐Cre, and LSL‐KrasG12D) mice. Our data demonstrate that chronic ethanol exposure of HPNE cells induces SATB2 gene and those cells became highly motile. Ethanol treatment of HPNE cells results in downregulation of E‐Cadherin and upregulation of N‐Cadherin, Snail, Slug, Zeb1, Nanog and BMI‐1. Suppression of SATB2 expression in ethanol‐transformed HPNE cells inhibits EMT phenotypes. KC mice fed with an ethanol‐containing diet show enhanced pancreatic cancer growth and development than those fed with a control diet. Pancreas isolated from KC mice fed with an ethanol‐containing diet show higher expression of stem cell markers (CD133, CD44, CD24), pluripotency‐maintaining factors (cMyc, KLF4, SOX‐2, and Oct‐4), N‐Cadherin, EMT‐transcription factors (Snail, Slug, and Zeb1), and lower expression of E‐cadherin than those isolated from mice fed with a control diet. Furthermore, pancreas isolated from KC mice fed with an ethanol‐containing diet show higher expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐8) and PTGS‐2 (COX‐2) gene than those isolated from mice fed with a control diet. These data suggest that chronic alcohol consumption may contribute to pancreatic cancer development by generating inflammatory signals and CSCs.
The European Green Deal: More than an Exit Strategy to the Pandemic Crisis, a Building Block of a Sustainable European Economic Model*
Authors: Bongardt Annette , Torres Francisco 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article puts forward that the European Green Deal (EGD) is more than just another initiative for green growth. Instead, it adds a building block to the European economic model, alongside the single market and economic and monetary union. The pandemic crisis would therefore need to be addressed also through the EGD framework. We find that the Covid‐19 crisis provided a missing link between the EGD's long‐term objectives and conducive short‐term policies. We discuss to what extent economic governance changes reinforce the role of the EGD as a pillar of the European Union economic model, contributing also to creating strong (political, institutional and society) dynamics in favour of sustainability and promoting integration.
Par le Haut Ou Par les Pays‐Bas? French and Dutch Approaches to European Social Policy Coordination Compared*
Authors: Hennis Marjoleine 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEuropean leaders often seem to refer to the importance of social dialogue and the effectiveness of the European Semester as two sides of the same coin. This article wishes to contribute to a deeper understanding of the link between social dialogue at the national level and the effectiveness of the European Semester. It does so by comparing French and Dutch approaches to social dialogue engagement with respect to social policy coordination between 2011 and 2020. The findings indicate that meaningful engagement of social partners in this process does not lead to more effectiveness in terms of speed and number of the CSRs implemented. The article suggests to broaden the definition of effectiveness in order to better appreciate the progress made, and to contribute to a more comprehensive assessment of the European Semester.
Depression in 3/6‐year‐old children: clinical and psychosocial outcomes in later childhood and adolescence
Authors: Silver Jamilah , Olino Thomas M. , Carlson Gabrielle A. , Dougherty Lea R. , Bufferd Sara J. , Klein Daniel N. 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundIn recent years, epidemiological and clinical studies have revealed that depressive disorders can present in early childhood. To clarify the validity and prognostic significance of early childhood‐onset depression, we investigated diagnostic and functional outcomes in later childhood and adolescence.MethodsA community sample (N = 516) was assessed for psychopathology at ages 3 and 6 using the Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment. When participants were 9, 12, and 15 years old, children and parents completed the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia and measures of symptoms and functioning.ResultsIn models adjusting for covariates, depressed 3/6‐year‐old children were more likely to experience subsequent episodes of depressive disorders and exhibited significantly higher rates of later anxiety disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and suicidality compared to children without depressive disorders at age 3/6. Early childhood depression was also associated with higher levels of mother, but not child, reported depressive symptoms at age 15 compared to children without depressive disorders at age 3/6. Finally, depression at age 3/6 predicted lower levels of global and interpersonal functioning and higher rates of treatment at age 15 compared to children without depressive disorders at age 3/6.ConclusionsResults support the clinical significance of depression in 3/6‐year‐old children, although further studies with larger samples are needed.
Indications for rapid evolution of trait means and thermal plasticity in range‐expanding populations of a butterfly
Authors: Neu Anika , Fischer Klaus 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCurrently, poleward range expansions are observed in many taxa, often in response to anthropogenic climate change. At the expanding front, populations likely face cooler and more variable temperature conditions, imposing thermal selection. This may result in changes in trait means or plasticity, the relative contribution of which is not well understood. We, here, investigate evolutionary change in range‐expanding populations of the butterfly Pieris mannii, by comparing populations from the core and the newly established northern range under laboratory conditions. We observed both changes in trait means and in thermal reaction norms. Range‐expanding populations showed a more rapid development, potentially indicative of counter‐gradient variation and an increased cold tolerance compared with core populations. Genotype‐environment interactions prevailed in all associated traits, such that the above differences were restricted to cooler environmental conditions. In range‐expanding populations, plasticity was decreased in developmental traits enabling relatively rapid growth even under cooler conditions but increased in cold tolerance arguably promoting higher activity under thermally challenging conditions. Notably, these changes must have occurred within a time period of ca. 10 years only. Our results suggest, in line with contemporary theory, that the evolution of plasticity may play a hitherto underestimated role for adaptation to climatic variation. However, rather than generally increased or decreased levels of plasticity, our results indicate fine‐tuned, trait‐specific evolutionary responses to increase fitness in novel environments.
Does immediate dentin sealing influence postoperative sensitivity in teeth restored with indirect restorations? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Josic Uros , Sebold Maicon , Lins Rodrigo B. E. , Savovic Jelena , Mazzitelli Claudia , Maravic Tatjana , Mazzoni Annalisa , Breschi Lorenzo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study comprehensively reviewed clinical trials that investigated the effect of immediate dentin sealing (IDS) technique on postoperative sensitivity (POS) and clinical performance of indirect restorations.Materials and methodsThe systematic review was conducted according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses statement, and was guided by the PICOS strategy. Clinical trials in which adult patients received at least one indirect restoration cemented with IDS approach and one restoration cemented following the delayed dentin sealing (DDS) were considered.ResultsFollowing title screening and full‐text reading, four studies met the inclusion criteria and were included for qualitative synthesis, while two studies were selected for quantitative synthesis. According to Risk of bias‐2 tool, two studies were classified as “some concerns” for the outcome POS. No statistically significant differences were found between teeth restored with indirect restorations using the IDS and DDS approach for POS (p > 0.05), neither at the baseline (very low certainty of evidence according to GRADE) nor after 2 years of follow‐up (low certainty of evidence according to GRADE).ConclusionThere is low‐certainty evidence that IDS does not reduce POS in teeth restored with indirect restorations.Clinical significanceThere is no clinical evidence to favor IDS over DDS when restoring teeth with indirect restorations.
The effect of implant macrogeometry in immediate tooth replacement therapy: A case series
Authors: Saito Hanae , Chu Stephen J. , Tarnow Dennis P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe concept of immediate tooth replacement therapy (ITRT) in the esthetic zone has become a viable treatment modality and widely accepted in clinical practice. However, achieving adequate primary stability that enables immediate provisional restoration and desirable space for bone‐grafting with conventional tapered body implant designs is challenging. The macro‐hybrid implant design with a prosthetic angle correction and body‐shift feature in a singular form provides not only greater primary stability of a wider diameter implant but also circumferential gap distance both facially and interproximally preserve the labial bone plate and interdental attachment apparatus of the adjacent natural teeth thereby maintaining the interdental papilla. The present clinical series exemplifies the clinical advantages of this inverted body‐shift implant design in ITRT in various clinical scenarios in (1) single tooth replacement in a Type 1 intact socket with a thin periodontal phenotype, (2) single tooth replacement in a Type 2 socket with a dentoalveolar dehiscence of the labial bone plate, and (3) multiple adjacent teeth replacement of two maxillary central incisor.Clinical significanceThe macro‐hybrid design implant with a prosthetic angle correction and body‐shift feature in a singular form provides greater midfacial gap distance as well as tooth‐to‐implant distance to preserve the interdental attachment of the adjacent natural teeth thereby leaving the interdental papilla undisturbed, without sacrificing higher primary stability afforded by larger diameter implants.
Low serum pancreatic amylase levels as a novel latent risk factor for colorectal adenoma in non‐alcohol drinkers
Authors: Sasaki Yu , Abe Yasuhiko , Nishise Shoichi , Yagi Makoto , Mizumoto Naoko , Kon Takashi , Onozato Yusuke , Sakai Takayuki , Umehara Matsuki , Ito Minami , Ueno Yoshiyuki 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and AimObesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic alterations increase the risk of colorectal cancer and adenoma (CRA). Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or pancreatic disease (NAFPD) shares many risk factors with CRA that may have significant roles in its development; however, the relationship between CRA and NAFLD/NAFPD remains unclear.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study recruited 712 eligible participants without current drinking who had undergone total colonoscopy as part of a health checkup. These participants were classified into a CRA group (n = 236) and a control group (n = 439), which consisted of individuals without CRA and a history of polyp resection. NAFLD and NAFPD were diagnosed based on abdominal ultrasonography findings.ResultsNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease was observed more frequently in individuals with CRA than in the control group (55.9% vs 41.6%, P < 0.01). There was no significant association between NAFPD and CRA; however, serum pancreatic amylase (P‐amylase) levels were significantly lower in individuals with CRA. Although NAFLD was one of the factors increasing the presence of CRA (odds ratio [OR], 1.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07–2.10), low P‐amylase levels were significantly associated with the presence of CRA (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.04–2.88) independent of age, sex, current smoking, obesity, metabolic alterations including insulin resistance, and NAFLD.ConclusionsLow serum P‐amylase levels were a possible independent risk factor for CRA in the present study. The latent pancreatic exocrine–endocrine–gut relationship was considered a novel pathway involved in obesity‐related CRA development, in non‐alcoholic individuals.
Developmental trajectories of spatial‐sequential and spatial‐simultaneous working memory in Down syndrome
Authors: Carretti B. , Meneghetti C. , Doerr E. , Toffalini E. , Lanfranchi S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundWorking memory (WM) is generally considered an area of weakness in the cognitive profile associated with Down syndrome (DS). The great majority of studies explored WM in this population through a comparison with typical development (TD) on the basis of mental age or developmental level. However, it is also relevant to understand how these skills develop and whether such development could be more related to chronological or developmental level. In the present study, we explored cross‐sectional developmental trajectories of spatial‐sequential and spatial‐simultaneous WM in individuals with DS across chronological age and developmental level. Typically developing children (TD) of similar mental age were also included as a comparison group.MethodsEighty‐four individuals with DS (aged between 7 and 30 years) and 327 children with TD (aged between 4 and 8 years) were administered with tasks to assess spatial‐sequential and spatial‐simultaneous WM, together with tasks to assess both general verbal and spatial developmental levels.Results and conclusionPerformance in spatial‐simultaneous WM task was lower compared with spatial‐sequential WM task in both groups. In the case of individuals with DS, the developmental trajectories of chronological age are better described through a segmented model showing increased performance until approximately 13 years of age, followed by a rather flat progress. In the case of TD children, developmental trajectories are better described through a linear model in the spatial‐simultaneous WM task when chronological age is considered; in the spatial‐sequential WM, the increase in performance with age was however characterised by a discontinuity at age 6. The increase in performance followed a linear pattern in both groups (DS and TD) without substantial differences between the types of measure used (verbal vs. spatial) when the developmental level is considered.
The afterlife of living under contract, an epilogue
Authors: Little Peter D. , Watts Michael 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis epilogue summarizes key challenges in the critical study of contract farming (CF) that are highlighted in this special issue, and it utilizes our co‐edited volume Living under contract as the platform to ask what has been learned and what questions remain nearly three decades after the book's publication. It discusses the political and historical moment of the late 1980s when our CF project was started and the neo‐liberal roots of structural adjustment programmes (SAPs) were firmly implanted, especially in Africa—the regional focus of our book. We argue that this neoliberal turn continues to shape many topics addressed in this special issue, including the role of the state, labour and land (and ecology) relations, and the vertical integration of CF within global values chains. The epilogue concludes with a plea for more systematic comparisons and “big picture” analyses that highlight how space, local agrarian formations and classes, state powers, and materiality (the commodity itself) shape the character and dynamics of CF schemes.
Measuring social diversity in economic literature: An overview for cross‐country studies
Authors: Buitrago Eva M. , Caraballo M. Ángeles 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOver recent decades, the growing research on social diversity at country level has striven to explain several outcomes such as the differences in income across countries and the origins of civil conflicts. The literature employs a wide range of indices to measure social diversity that hinders the comparison of the results with respect to their effects on socio‐economic performance. This paper intends to disentangle such a variety of indices and their applications. To achieve this goal, we have collected the social diversity indices used in cross‐country studies, and have ascertained not only their similarities and differences, and the relationships between them, but also their main applications. Studies at country level have been selected that construct their own indices and that make their databases available. We show that the dimension and the index chosen to measure social diversity, the level of disaggregation of the social groups, and the geographical unit of analysis explain the tangle of indices and the mixed results achieved by the literature focused on socio‐economic outcomes of social diversity. This paper enables the suitable evaluation and comparison of the effects of social diversity and the selection of the appropriate index depending on the analysis to be carried out.
Caregivers' report of preventive dental care visits and services for US WIC‐participating and non‐participating children
Authors: Claiborne Denise M. , Chen Chun , Zhang Qi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo determine whether children participating in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) had more caregiver‐reported preventive dental care visits (PDCVs) and preventive dental services (PDS) than nonparticipating children.MethodsA secondary data analysis was performed utilizing the National Survey of Children's Health 2017 and 2018 combined datasets. The analytic sample included 10,356 children aged 1–4 years. It was further stratified into three groups by WIC eligibility and participation to include WIC participation, income‐eligible nonparticipants, and higher‐income nonparticipants. The independent variables included child‐level characteristics (age, sex, race/ethnicity, and insurance) and caregiver‐level characteristics (age of mother and the highest level of education in the household). The dependent variable was the report of PDCV and PDS (dental cleaning, toothbrushing instructions, and fluoride treatment) in the past 12 months.ResultsOf the 10,356 children aged 1–4 years, 3025 were eligible for WIC and nearly half of those eligible (49.5%) reported participating in the WIC program. Caregivers of WIC‐participating children had a higher reported prevalence of PDCV for their children than those of income‐eligible nonparticipants (57.6% vs. 49.6%, respectively) (p < 0.05). In addition, caregivers of WIC‐participating children reported their children receiving more PDS than income‐eligible nonparticipants, including dental cleanings (38.5% vs. 33.6%), toothbrushing instructions (25.5% vs. 22.7%), and fluoride treatments (22.7% vs. 21.2%) (p < 0.05).ConclusionsWIC‐participating children had a higher reported prevalence of PDCVs and PDS than income‐eligible nonparticipating children. Further research is needed to understand differences in the reports of specific PDSs received.
Social disorganization and new HIV diagnoses, 2013‐2017, Florida: Rural‐urban differences
Authors: Trepka Mary Jo , Dawit Rahel , Fernandez Sofia B. , Sheehan Diana M. , Degarege Abraham , Li Tan , Maddox Lorene M. , Spencer Emma C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeTo compare the role of neighborhood social disorganization factors on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnosis rates in urban and rural areas in Florida, we conducted an ecologic study of HIV diagnosis rates during 2013‐2017 and social disorganization components, including concentrated disadvantage, ethnic heterogeneity, and residential instability.MethodsIndices of social disorganization components were obtained from principal component analyses of American Community Survey variables for 910 postal codes. Rural/urban classification was based on the United States Department of Agriculture Rural Urban Commuting Area codes. Using multivariable linear regression, the relationship between social disorganization indices and HIV diagnosis rates was assessed.FindingsThe only social disorganization index that was significantly higher in rural than urban areas was concentrated disadvantage. In rural areas, the concentrated disadvantage index was significantly associated with HIV diagnosis rates (P = .007) when controlling for the other social disorganization factors but was no longer significant after additionally controlling for prevalence of people with an HIV diagnosis who were not virally suppressed. In urban areas, even after controlling for prevalence of people with HIV who were not virally suppressed, lower male‐to‐female population ratios and higher scores of residential instability, concentrated disadvantage, and LatinX/immigrant density indices were associated with higher HIV diagnosis rates (all P < .01).ConclusionsIn addition to improving community levels of viral suppression, the community contextual environment, including the rurality of the environment, needs to be considered in strategies to end the HIV epidemic in the United States.
Urinary 11‐dehydrothromboxane B2 concentrations in 20 dogs with primary immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia
Authors: Conway Elizabeth A. , Evans Neil P. , Ridyard Alison E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThromboembolic disease is a major cause of mortality in dogs with immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA). At present, no reliable biomarkers of individual patient thrombotic risk are available. In human medicine, increased urinary thromboxane concentrations have utility as markers of prothrombotic tendency in various situations.Hypothesis/ObjectivesFirst, to determine if urinary 11‐dehydrothromboxane B2 (u11‐dTXB) concentrations are increased in dogs with primary IMHA compared to normal dogs; second, to assess whether u11‐dTXB concentration is associated with survival, known prognostic indicators, or frequency of thrombosis in dogs with IMHA.AnimalsTwenty client‐owned dogs diagnosed with primary IMHA and 17 healthy dogs volunteered by hospital staff.MethodsProspective case‐control study. A previously validated ELISA was used to measure urine 11‐dTXB concentrations, which were normalized to urine creatinine concentration (u11‐dTXB:Cr). Samples were obtained at presentation from patients with primary IMHA. Standard clincopathological data at baseline and survival data were collected. Urinary 11‐dTXB:Cr was compared between outcome subgroups, and correlated with known markers of disease severity.ResultsBaseline u11‐dTXB:Cr was significantly higher in dogs with IMHA than in healthy dogs (median, 3.75; range, 0.83‐25.36 vs 0.65; 0.24‐2.57; P = .003) but did not differ between dogs with IMHA that survived and did not survive to 30 days after presentation, nor between dogs with and without clinical suspicion of thrombotic disease.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceUrinary 11‐dTXB:Cr is increased in dogs with IMHA compared to healthy controls, consistent with a prothrombotic state. However, in this IMHA population u11‐dTXB:Cr was not associated with survival or suspected thrombosis.