bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tolerability of Breast Radiotherapy Among Carriers of ATM Germline Variants
Authors: Modlin Leslie A. , Flynn Jessica , Zhang Zhigang , Cahlon Oren , Mueller Boris , Khan Atif J. , Gillespie Erin F. , McCormick Beryl , Stadler Zsofia K. , Robson Mark E. , Powell Simon N. , Braunstein Lior Z. 
Published: January 2021

PURPOSE ATM, a gene that controls repair of DNA double-strand breaks, confers an excess lifetime risk of breast cancer among carriers of germline pathogenic variants (PV). ATM PV homozygotes are particularly sensitive to DNA damage caused by ionizing radiation. Consequently, there is concern that adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) may cause excess morbidity among heterozygous carriers of ATM PV. We evaluated the tolerability of breast RT among carriers of ATM germline variants. METHODS Of 167 patients with ATM germline variants presenting to our institution with breast cancer, 91 received RT. Treatment-related toxicity was ascertained from medical records and graded across organ systems. Toxicities grade > 2 were recorded from the end of treatment to last evaluable follow-up and were analyzed according to ATM variant pathogenicity. RESULTS Of 91 evaluable carriers of ATM variants, with a median follow-up of 32 months following RT, 25% (n = 23) harbored a PV, whereas 75% (n = 68) harbored a variant of uncertain significance (VUS). Prevalence of grade ≥ 2 toxicity unrelated to post-mastectomy reconstruction among patients with ATM PV was: 32% at the end of treatment ( v 34% for VUS carriers), 11% at 1 year of follow-up ( v 4% for VUS carriers), and 8% at the last follow-up ( v 13% for VUS carriers), consistent with previous studies of RT among unselected populations. No grade 4 or 5 toxicities were observed. ATM variant pathogenicity was not associated with local toxicity, contralateral breast cancer, or secondary malignancy in this limited cohort of patients who received breast RT. CONCLUSION We found no evidence of excess RT-associated toxicity among carriers of pathogenic ATM germline variants. Breast-conserving therapy and adjuvant RT may be safely considered among appropriately selected carriers of ATM germline variants.
Evaluation of Microwave Vacuum Drying as an Alternative to Freeze-Drying of Biologics and Vaccines: the Power of Simple Modeling to Identify a Mechanism for Faster Drying Times Achieved with Microwave
Authors: Bhambhani Akhilesh , Stanbro Justin , Roth Daniel , Sullivan Elizabeth , Jones Morrisa , Evans Robert , Blue Jeffrey 
Published: January 2021

AbstractVial-based lyophilization for biopharmaceuticals has been an indispensable cornerstone process for over 50 years. However, the process is not without significant challenges. Capital costs to realize a lyophilized drug product facility, for example, are very high. Similarly, heat and mass transfer limitations inherent in lyophilization result in drying cycle on the order of several days while putting practical constraints on available formulation space, such as solute mass percentage or fill volume in a vial. Through collaboration with an external partner, we are exploring microwave vacuum drying (MVD) as a faster drying process to vial lyophilization wherein the heat transfer process occurs by microwave radiation instead of pure conduction from the vial. Drying using this radiative process demonstrates greater than 80% reduction in drying time over traditional freeze-drying times while maintaining product activity and stability. Such reduction in freeze-drying process times from days to several hours is a welcome change as it enables flexible manufacturing by being able to better react to changes either in terms of product volume for on-demand manufacturing scenarios or facilities for production (e.g., scale-out over scale-up). Additionally, by utilizing first-principle modeling coupled with experimental verification, a mechanism for faster drying times associated with MVD is proposed in this article. This research, to the best of our knowledge, forms the very first report of utilizing microwave vacuum drying for vaccines while utilizing the power of simplified models to understand drying principles associated with MVD.
Equipment Capability Measurement of Laboratory Freeze-Dryers: a Comparison of Two Methods
Authors: Srinivasan Jayasree M. , Sacha Gregory A. , Kshirsagar Vaibhav , Alexeenko Alina , Nail Steven L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe objective of this investigation was to evaluate two methods for measuring the maximum sublimation rate that a freeze-dryer will support—the minimum controllable pressure method and the choke point method. Both methods gave equivalent results, but the minimum controllable pressure method is preferred, since it is easier, faster, and less subjective. The ratio of chamber pressure to condenser pressure corresponding to the onset of choked flow was considerably higher in this investigation (up to about 20:1) than in previously published reports. This ratio was not affected by the location of the pressure gauge on the condenser; that is, on the foreline of the vacuum pump versus on the body of the condenser itself. The total water loss due to sublimation as measured by tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy was consistently within 5% of gravimetrically determined weight loss, regardless of whether the measurement took place during choked versus non-choked process conditions.
Altered cytoskeletal arrangement in induced pluripotent stem cells and motor neurons from patients with riboflavin transporter deficiency
Authors: Niceforo Alessia , Marioli Chiara , Colasuonno Fiorella , Petrini Stefania , Massey Keith , Tartaglia Marco , Bertini Enrico , Moreno Sandra , Compagnucci Claudia 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
The cytoskeletal network plays a crucial role in the differentiation, morphogenesis, function and homeostasis of the nervous tissue, so that alterations in any of its components may lead to neurodegenerative diseases. Riboflavin transporter deficiency (RTD), a childhood-onset disorder characterized by degeneration of motor neurons (MNs), is caused by biallelic mutations in genes encoding the human riboflavin (RF) transporters. In a patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) model of RTD, we recently demonstrated altered cell-cell contacts, energy dysmetabolism and redox imbalance. The present study focuses on cytoskeletal composition and dynamics associated to RTD, utilizing patients' iPSCs and derived MNs. Abnormal expression and distribution of α- and β-tubulin (α- and β-TUB), as well as imbalanced tyrosination of α-TUB, accompanied by an impaired ability to re-polymerize after nocodazole treatment, were found in RTD patient-derived iPSCs. Following differentiation, MNs showed consistent changes in TUB content, which was associated with abnormal morphofunctional features, such as neurite length and Ca2+ homeostasis, suggesting impaired differentiation. Beneficial effects of RF supplementation, alone or in combination with the antioxidant molecule N-acetyl cystine (NAC), were assessed. RF administration resulted in partially improved cytoskeletal features in patients' iPSCs and MNs, suggesting that redundancy of transporters may rescue cell functionality in the presence of adequate concentrations of the vitamin. Moreover, supplementation with NAC was demonstrated to be effective in restoring all the considered parameters, when used in combination with RF, thus supporting the therapeutic use of both compounds.
Ammonia Combustion Catalysts
Authors: Hinokuma Satoshi , Sato Kazuhiko 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Recent developments for ammonia (NH3) combustion catalysts are covered in this highlight review. NH3 has been proposed as a renewable and carbon-free energy source. However, use of NH3 fuel poses the problems of high ignition temperature and nitrogen oxide (N2O/NOx) production. In order to overcome these issues, a novel catalytic combustion system was probed, and high performance catalysts were developed. This review introduces their research with including related studies.
Study Protocol for DeCOmPRESS: Defining the Disease Course and Immune Profile of COVID-19 in the Immunosuppressed Patient
Authors: Leacy Emma , Brady Gareth , Conlon Niall , Scott Jennifer , Dunne Jean , Phelan Thomas , McCormack William J. , Griffin Matthew D. , Kennedy Alan , Verrelli Alyssa , Molloy Eamonn , O'Sullivan Declan , Power Julie , Clarkson Michael , Zgaga Lina , O'Saughnessy Michelle , Little Mark A. 
Published: January 2021

The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Current advisory guidelines for high-risk groups—including people with autoimmune disease taking immunosuppressive therapies—are to take increased precautions and avoid any unnecessary contacts. The aim of the DeCOmPRESS study is to define the disease course and immune profile of COVID-19 in immunosuppressed patients. We will clinically phenotype patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) who develop COVID-19 using a customized REDCap data collection instrument embedded within the Rare Kidney Disease (RKD) Biobank. This dataset will be interoperable with the rheum-COVID, Global Rheumatology Alliance, and SPRINT-SARI datasets, facilitating international data linkage. Acute and convalescent blood samples will be analysed by flow cytometry and ELISA to define the immunophenotype and cytokine profile. Patients will track COVID-19 and AAV symptoms through a bespoke smartphone app. DeCOmPRESS study findings will rapidly inform management of immunosuppressed patients who contract COVID-19 by defining the natural history and immunological manifestations of the disease in these patients. We will also determine whether pre-existing immunosuppressant therapy lessens the cytokine storm associated with severe COVID-19 disease, thereby paradoxically improving rather than worsening clinical outcomes. This protocol document details the procedures for end-to-end completion of the DeCOmPRESS project and is complemented by an associated comprehensive Study Manual (accessible at: https://www.tcd.ie/medicine/thkc/decompress/).
Is acceptance of disease and life satisfaction of women with postmenopausal osteoporosis dependent on BMI?
Authors: Górczewska Bogumiła , Jakubowska-Pietkiewicz Elżbieta 
Published: January 2021

Cel pracyOcena poziomu akceptacji choroby i satysfakcji z życia kobiet z osteoporozą pomenopauzalną w zależności od wskaźnika masy ciała.MetodaBadaniem objęto grupę 198 kobiet, w wieku 72,31±8,59 lat z rozpoznaną osteoporozą pomenopauzalną w dwóch Poradniach Leczenia Osteoporozy na terenie miasta Łodzi. W pracy wykorzystano kwestionariusz Skali Akceptacji Choroby (AIS), Skali Satysfakcji z Życia (SWLS), skalę oceny bólu (VAS) oraz ankietę własnego autorstwa.WynikiŚrednia w skali AIS wyniosła 25,95±10,2 punktów, co świadczy o średnim poziomie akceptacji oraz adaptacji do choroby badanej grupy. Poziom satysfakcji z życia oceniany w SWLS wyniósł średnio 19,37±7,31 punktów i wskazuje na przeciętne zadowolenie z życia. W grupie badanej najniższą akceptację choroby (24,38±11,3 pkt.) miały osoby z niedowagą. Natomiast najniższą satysfakcję z życia (17,75±7,50 pkt.) wykazały kobiety z otyłością. Badane prezentowały łagodny poziom bólu oceniony w skali VAS (4,87±2,39 pkt.). Ankietowane z prawidłową masą ciała najlepiej oceniały swój stan psychiczny pod względem akceptacji choroby oraz satysfakcji z życia.WnioskiPoziom akceptacji choroby oraz stopień zadowolenia z życia kobiet z osteoporozą pomenopauzalną nie różni się istotnie statystycznie w zależności od wskaźnika masy ciała. Wykazano, że im większa akceptacja choroby, tym większa satysfakcja z życia osób chorych na osteoporozę. Aspekty psychologiczne (kwestionariusz AIS, SWLS) powinny być elementem oceny efektywności terapii u osób przewlekle leczonych z powodu osteoporozy pomenopauzalnej.
ESCOLAS DO RIO DE JANEIRO OCUPADAS: NOVOS MOVIMENTOS SOCIAIS E A VONTADE COLETIVA ESTUDANTIL
Authors: Bastos Rafael , Da Costa Viviane Marinho 
Published: January 2021

O objeto deste texto consiste na análise de ocupações de escolas públicas da rede básica de educação do estado do Rio de Janeiro. As metodologias utilizadas foram: observação participante em quatro escolas das regiões metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro e da serrana; análises das representações sociais dos discentes (obtida por meio de questionários, entrevistas e consulta a páginas em mídias sociais). Verificamos que as experiências políticas vividas, assim como o contexto contemporâneo de mobilizações sociais constantes (sobretudo por meio do uso de redes sociais), foram significativas para a construção da vontade coletiva dos sujeitos envolvidos nas ocupações. Nos apoiamos no pensamento de Gramsci para discutir as possibilidades e contradições do debate complexo que estes Novos Movimentos Sociais brasileiros protagonizam. Esta investigação permitiu sistematizar um conjunto de categorias de conteúdo que expressam demandas contemporâneas, tais como as características da luta desses jovens por uma educação de qualidade, além do empoderamento feminino.
O DESAFIO EDUCACIONAL” DE FLORESTAN FERNANDES
Authors: Frigotto Gaudêncio 
Published: January 2021

Eu nunca teria sido o sociólogo em que me converti sem o meu passado e sem a socialização pré e extraescolar que recebi através das duras lições da vida. (...) ainda que isso pareça pouco ortodoxo e anti-intelectualista, afirmo que iniciei a minha aprendizagem sociológica aos seis anos, quando precisei ganhar a vida como se fosse um adulto.” (FERNANDES, 1994, p. 1)
Experimental investigation of femtosecond laser through-hole drilling of stainless steel with and without transverse magnetic assistance
Authors: Xia Kaibo , Ren Naifei , Lin Qing , Li Tao , Gao Fuqiang , Yang Huayu , Song Shiwen 
Published: January 2021

An experimental investigation of femtosecond laser through-hole drilling of stainless-steel 304 with and without transverse magnetic assistance was conducted. The characteristics of the through-hole geometry and sidewall as well as the chemical composition of the through-hole sidewall surface were analyzed. In addition, a theoretical analysis of magnetic-field-assisted femtosecond laser through-hole drilling is proposed. The results showed that transverse magnetic assistance could improve both the femtosecond laser through-hole drilling quality (through-hole geometry and sidewall characteristics) and efficiency. The primary reason is that transverse magnetic assistance changes the distribution of plasma and reduces the plasma density, which weakens the shielding effect of the plasma. However, compared with nanosecond laser drilling, the effect of the magnetic field on the femtosecond laser through-hole drilling was not obvious. A noticeable thermal effect appeared near the through-hole entrance at a pulse repetition rate of 500 kHz, and a heat affected zone and oxidation zone were produced, which is disadvantageous to laser drilling. This research has good prospects for industrial applications.
Saturation efficiency for detecting 1550  nm photons with a 2 × 2 array of Mo0.8Si0.2 nanowires at 2.2  K
Authors: Li Feiyan , Han Hang , Chen Qi , Zhang Biao , Bao Han , Dai Yue , Ge Rui , Guo Shuya , He Guanglong , Fei Yue , Yang Shuchao , Wang Xiaohan , Wang Hao , Jia Xiaoqing , Zhao Qingyuan , Zhang Labao , Kang Lin , Wu Peiheng 
Published: January 2021

Amorphous materials are attractive candidates for fabricating the superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) due to their superior tolerance and scalability over crystalline niobium nitride. However, the reduced superconducting transition temperature degenerates both operating temperature and saturation efficiency. Herein, the SNSPD (6.5 nm thickness and 50 nm width) based on the amorphous

Mo

0.8

Si

0.2

film with a high optical absorption coefficient demonstrates close-to-unity intrinsic detection efficiency for 1550 nm photons from 75 mK to 2.2 K. Further, a high-performance array SNSPD with optimized 90 nm-width wires is also demonstrated. As-fabricated uniform 4-pixel SNSPD exhibits a saturation plateau for the photon counts at 2.2 K, which overcomes the limitation of operation at low temperature (

<
1

K

) for traditional amorphous SNSPDs. Coupled with superior intrinsic quantum efficiency, highly efficient photon counts, and low dark count ratio, this detector paves a way for achieving high efficiency and superior yield for large array systems.
The Mbam drainage system and onchocerciasis transmission post ivermectin mass drug administration (MDA) campaign, Cameroon
Authors: Abong Raphael Awah , Amambo Glory Ngongeh , Hamid Ali Ahamat , Enow Belinda Agbor , Beng Amuam Andrew , Nietcho Franck Noel , Nji Theobald Mue , Njouendou Abdel Jelil , Ritter Manuel , Esum Mathias Eyong , Deribe Kebede , Cho Jerome Fru , Fombad Fanny Fri , Enyong Peter Ivo , Poole Catherine , Pfarr Kenneth , Hoerauf Achim , Carlow Clotilde , Wanji Samuel 
Published: January 2021

Background
The impact of large scale Mass Drug Adminstration (MDA) of ivermectin on active onchocerciasis transmission by Simulium damnosum, which transmits the parasite O. volvulus is of great importance for onchocerciasis control programmes. We investigated in the Mbam river system area, the impact of MDA of ivermectin on entomological indices and also verify if there are river system factors that could have favoured the transmission of onchocerciasis in this area and contribute to the persistence of disease. We compared three independent techniques to detect Onchocerca larvae in blackflies and also analyzed the river system within 9 months post-MDA of ivermectin.

Method
Simulium flies were captured before and after 1, 3, 6 and 9months of ivermectin-MDA. The biting rate was determined and 41% of the flies dissected while the rest were grouped into pools of 100 flies for DNA extraction. The extracted DNA was then subjected to O-150 LAMP and real-time PCR for the detection of infection by Onchocerca species using pool screening. The river system was analysed and the water discharge compared between rainy and dry seasons.

Principal findings
We used human landing collection method (previously called human bait) to collect 22,274 adult female Simulium flies from Mbam River System. Of this number, 9,134 were dissected while 129 pools constituted for molecular screening. Overall biting and parous rates of 1113 flies/man/day and 24.7%, respectively, were observed. All diagnostic techniques detected similar rates of O. volvulus infection (P = 0.9252) and infectivity (P = 0.4825) at all monitoring time points. Onchocerca ochengi larvae were only detected in 2 of the 129 pools. Analysis of the river drainage revealed two hydroelectric dams constructed on the tributaries of the Mbam river were the key contributing factor to the high-water discharge during both rainy and dry seasons.

Conclusion
Results from fly dissection (Microscopy), real-time PCR and LAMP revealed the same trends pre- and post-MDA. The infection rate with animal Onchocerca sp was exceptionally low. The dense river system generate important breeding sites that govern the abundance of Simulium during both dry and rainy seasons.
Factors affecting the uptake of preventive chemotherapy treatment for schistosomiasis in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review
Authors: Torres-Vitolas Carlos A. , Dhanani Neerav , Fleming Fiona M. 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundSchistosomiasis affects nearly 220 million people worldwide, mainly in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Preventive chemotherapy (PC) treatment, through regular mass-drug administration (MDA) of Praziquantel tablets remains the control measure of choice by Ministries of Health. Current guidelines recommend that 75% of school-aged children receive treatment. Many programmes, however, struggle to achieve this target. Given the risk of high reinfection rates, attaining sustained high levels of treatment coverage is essential. This study provides a comprehensive review of the barriers and facilitators operating at different levels of analysis, from the individual to the policy level, conditioning the uptake of PC for schistosomiasis in SSA.Methodology/Principal findingsA systematic literature search was conducted in several databases for publications released between January 2002 and 2019 that examined factors conditioning the uptake of Praziquantel in the context of MDA campaigns in SSA. A total of 2,258 unique abstracts were identified, of which 65 were selected for full text review and 30 met all eligibility criteria. Joanna Briggs Institute’s Critical Appraisal and the Mixed-Methods Assessment tools were used to assess the strength of the evidence. This review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42017058525).A meta-synthesis approach was used. Results indicated publication bias, with the literature focusing on East African rural settings and evidence at the individual and programmatic levels. The main influencing factors identified included material wellbeing, drug properties, knowledge and attitudes towards schistosomiasis and MDAs, fears of side effects, gender values, community and health systems support, alongside programme design features, like training, sensitisation, and provision of incentives for drug-distributors. The effect of these factors on determining Praziquantel uptake were explored in detail.Conclusions/SignificanceMultiple determinants of treatment uptake were found in each level of analysis examined. Some of them interact with each other, thus affecting outcomes directly and indirectly. The promotion of context-based transdisciplinary research on the complex dynamics of treatment uptake is not only desirable, but essential, to design effective strategies to attain high levels of treatment coverage.
Effect of high-intensity interval training on metabolic parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Santos Isis Kelly dos , Nunes Fernando Antônio Santana de Souza , Queiros Victor Sabino , Cobucci Ricardo Ney , Dantas Pedro Bruch , Soares Gustavo Mafaldo , Cabral Breno Guilherme de Araújo Tinoco , Maranhão Tecia Maria de Oliveira , Dantas Paulo Moreira Silva 
Published: January 2021

Background
Our aim was to assess the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on metabolic parameters and body composition in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Methods and analysis
A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted using Embase, MEDLINE (via Ovid), PubMed, Sport Discus, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar (advanced feature) up to September 2020. Two authors independently screened citations and determined the risk of bias and quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Meta-analyses were conducted using random effects model.

Results
Seven trials (n = 423) were included in the systematic review. The studies included HIIT interventions vs. moderate exercise or control groups. Most studies were small (average 32, range 24–110 participants) and of relatively short duration (10–16 weeks). The training intensity was performed between 90% and 95% of the maximum heart rate, three times a week, for at least 10 weeks. Insulin resistance, measured using homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and body mass index (BMI) showed a significant decrease (MD −0.57; 95% CI, −0.98 to −0.16, p = 0.01), (MD −1.90, 95% CI −3.37, −0.42, p = 0.01) with moderate and high certainty of evidence, respectively.

Conclusion
Results support that HIIT alone is effective for reducing HOMA-IR and BMI in women with PCOS. However, evidence is limited to discern the effect of HIIT on other outcomes. Future studies with a longer duration (> 16 weeks), larger sample sizes and other outcomes are needed.