bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of selected socio-economic variables on poultry farmers' choice of commercial and self-compounded feeds in Lagos area of Nigeria
Authors: Adebayo A. A. , Salami R. I. , Oloyinde L. 
Published: February 2021

The study aimed at examining the influence of some socio-economic variables on poultry farmers choice of feed types between self-compounded feeds and commercial feeds. Their choice was not affected by age, gender and experience in poultry business but was affected (P<0.05) by cost. The cost of commercial feeds was consistently higher than those compounded by the farmers themselves and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). It was then concluded that cost consideration was the major factor determining the choice of feed types by the farmers. It was also suggested that the survival of the poultry industry and its profitability depend on cost reduction which can be accomplished through self-compounding of feeds by the farmers. Suggestions were offered to this end.
Biochemical analysis of Brachystegia aurycoma harms seeds
Authors: Babajide S. O. , Oluwalana S. A. , Akinlawon O.  A. 
Published: February 2021

A biochemical analysis of Brachystegia eurycoma hurm seeds was conducted. Brachystegia, of the family Leguminosae sub-family: Caesalpinioideae is a timber tree whose seeds ``achi", are relished as soup condiment by the Igbo-speaking people of Nigeria. The seeds were subjected to oil extraction using the Sorhler method. The oil was subjected to chemical analysis to determine the saponification, iodine, free fatty acid and acid values. Proximate analysis was carried out on the seed meal and the seed coal. Results showed that the oil content was 3.33% which is of good quality and fit for Human consumption. The saponification value was 287.85mg/KOH/g, Free fally acid value 6.73mg/KOH/g. and iodine value 132.08%. The proximate analysis of the seed meal showed that the moisture content 11318 /5.77%, ash 25%, protein 4.25%, crude fibre 19.05% and nitrogen free extractives (carbohydrates) 21.58%. It shows the seed nical as a good source of plant protein and energy and of high roughage and mineral content. The proximate analysis of the seed coat showed that the ws/ content was 8.33%. The calcium and magnesium contents were 30.00 and 18.00% respectively. This shows that the seed coat can be a supplement in livestock feed.
Genetic aspects of growth and maturing rate in trypanotolerant beef cattle: N'Dama
Authors: Mgbere O. O , Olutogun O. 
Published: February 2021

Genetic parameters for Absolute Growth Rate (AGR), Relative Growth Rate (RGR) and Absolute Maturing Rate (AMR) at various age interval from birth to maturity in N 'Dama beef cattle raised in the humid Tropics of Nigeria were estimated. Performance data used were accumulated between 1948 and 1964 at Fasola cattle ranch in Oyo, Nigeria and the number of records analysed ranged from 44 to 678. prewering (B - W) growth and maturing rates in N’Dama calves were 0.377 ± 0.009 kg/day (AGR), 0.643 ± 0.006 %/day (RGR) and 0.120 ± 0.003% A/day (AMR) and fluctuated subsequently, following the animals' state of development and certain physiological stress conditions.
At post weaning (W-12), these rates decreased to 0.249 ± 0.049 kg/day, 0.204 ± 0.029 %/day and 0.075 ± 0.014 % A/day for AGR, RGR and AMR respectively. Estimates of heritability at the various age intervals were considered low in these growth traits with values obtained ranging from 0.03 to 0.24 for AGR, 0.03 to 0.21 for RGR and 0.02 to 0.42 for AMR, with high standard errors. The low estimates though, consistent with literature reports were attributed to the poor standard of animal management and production environment at Fasola. It was evident from this study that selection of N'Dama calves based on post weaning (W-12) growth or maturing rates would yield substantial genetic progress. However, improved animal management and production environment on the ranch would not only improve precision of the genetic parameter estimates but would also enhance N 'Dama growth performance generally.
Estimation of Organic matter digestibility and metabolizable energy content of Agro-industrial wastes using in vitro gas production
Authors: Aregheore E. M. , Abdulrazak S. A. 
Published: February 2021

Organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestibilities and metabolizableenergy content of some available agro-chemicals wastes (AIW) such as dry brewer's grain cocoa shell, cocoa dust, dessicated cocnut waste meal, wheat bran and rice bran used as ruminant feeds were setimated from in vitro gas production technique. Their crude protein (CP) content varieted from 13.7-25.6%, NDF ranged from 21.9-48.4% Om from 88.6-95.4% and non structural carbohydrates (NSC) estimates increased from 7.2 - 45.6%. Dessicated coconut waste meal(DCWM) had the lowest NSC content. Nutrient contents varied among AIW. Net gas production ranged from 7.7-23.1 ml/day and significant differences (P<0.05) were observed among the AIW in net gas production. The lowest and highest gas productions were obtained in cocoa dust (CD) and wheat bran (WB) respectively. Om digestibility also had higher ME values showed significantly the differences between the AIW. AIW with high OM digestibility also had higher ME values. Finally the investigation demonstrated that available AIW in the pacific Island countries have potential as animal feedstuffs
Performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chicken fed high fibre sunflower seed cake diets
Authors: Adeniji C. A. 
Published: February 2021

A feeding trial was conducted to assess the level of inclusion of high fibre sunflower seed cake (HFSSC) protein as ror soyabean cake protein replacement for soybean cake protein in the diets of broiler chicken at 0,25,50,75, and 100%. At the starter phase feed intake and feed efficiency ratio were significantly (p,0.05) increased as the level of HFSSC increased in the diets . weight gain and protein efficiency ratio were however significantly (p,0.05) reduced when over 25% of HFSSC was included in the diets . Atthe finisher phase the same trend was observed except that weight gain and protein efficiency ratio were significantly (p0.05) reduced when over 50% HFSSC was included in the diet. Significantly (p<0.05) differences were observed in live weight, plucked and dressing percentages at the starter and finisher phases. Reduction in abdominal fat deposition was obtained at the starter and finisher phases while gizzard weights wee significantly (p<0.05) increased. The result of this study show that 50% soybean cake protein in the diets of broiler chicken can be replaced by HSFFC.
Mineral profile and dietary mineral supplements on the concentrations of some minerals in the brain regions of pigs.
Authors: Adejumo D. O. , Okunola O. O. 
Published: February 2021

The nervous system though largely electrical in action is "powered" by its content of minerals which exist in ionic forms in nature and play a major role in neural action, membrane permeability and excitation. 20 grower boars were randomly assigned to two dietary groups of 10 boars each. The first ration was a conventional grower feed without vitamin/mineral premix while the second diet was supplemented with Agricare® premix* and more common salt than the conventional diet. The animals were fed ad libitum and slaughtered at 60kg body weight. The brains were dissected out into six brain parts namely: cerebellum, amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, cerebral cortex and medulla oblongata, and immediately analysed for electrolytes. Calcium in the cerebellum and hypothalamus of mineral-supplemented pigs was significantly higher (P<0.05) than concentrations in the pigs on unsupplemented diets. Calcium concentrations in the other brain regions did not show significant differences. Sodium concentrations were relatively stable in all the brain parts irrespective of dietary mineral supplementation although higher concentrations were recorded in the brain parts of pigs on mineral supplemented diets. However, sodium concentrations were higher in the cerebellum and cerebral cortex of the mineral-supplemented pigs with values of 15.0 mg di and 14.8 mg dt- which are significantly (P<0.05) higher than concentrations of 11.8 mg dr and11.3 mg dr respectively recorded for the pigs on the unsupplemented diet. This study has established a direct link between dietary minerals and salt on the mineral content of the pig brain
Performance of laying birds fed diets containing forage meal of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl A. Gray) and antibiotics
Authors: Ademola S. G. , Farinu G. O. 
Published: February 2021

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion of the forage meal of Tithonia diversifolia with or without antibiotic on the laying performance and egg quality of birds for a period of eleven weeks. T. diversifolia is also known as wild sunflower leaf. Wild sunflower leaf meal (WSFLM) was incorporated in the diets at 75g/kg (basal diet). Streptomycin and penicillin were added to basal diet at 100 ppm each. Mixture of penicillin and streptomycin, each at 100 ppm added to the fourth diet. Control diet neither contained WSFLM nor antibiotic. The results of weekly performance at first week of the study, showed that there were significant (P<0.01) increases for egg production, hen day production and feed efficiency for birds fed diets containing WSFLM, while egg weight and feed intake were not affected. Haugh Unit (P <0.05) and egg breadth (P <0.01) 8th week, whereas food consumption at second (P <0.05), fourth and fifth weeks (P <0. 01) were all significantly influenced by the dietary treatments. Yellow pigmentation of egg yolks was significantly (P <0.01) enhanced by WSFLM throughout 77 days. The summary of the data at the end of the study indicated that WSFLM significantly (P <0.01) enhanced egg. Weight, egg production, Egg yolk and hen day production (P < 0.05). Control birds and those fed basal diets with antibiotic significantly (P <0.05) retained protein and ether extract than those fed basal diet. Supplementation of basal diet with either penicillin or streptomycin positively affected the egg production and egg weight at 77th day, whereas the mixture of the two antibiotics adversely affected the performance of the birds. It is therefore advisable that WSFLM at 75 g kg-1 in combination with either penicillin or streptomycin at 100ppm may be included in the diet of laying birds
Effec of corticosteriod administration on the infectivity of Tyypansome brucei (8/18) in the Nigerian domestic chickens (Gallus Gallus Domesticus)
Authors: Adedapo A. A. , Olopade J. O. , Saba A. B. , Dina O. A. 
Published: February 2021

This study was aimed at determining how the infectivity of trypansome brucei could be affected by steriod administration to the local chickens. It has been shown that Nigeria domestic chickens were susceptible to Trypanosome brucei (8/18), In the course of this study the Try some brucei brucei (8/18) was found to have lost Its infectivity to the local chickens. Even steroid administration at both low (0.2mg/ml) and high (1.0inglinl) dosage and prolonged administration of the steroid could not change this occurrence. The study thus concluded that serial passage of T brucei brucei (8/18) over a time will make it loose infectivity to Nigerian domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus).
Effects of supplemental cocoa husk on testicular characteristics of pigs
Authors: Adejumo D. O. 
Published: February 2021

48 Large white boars with an average weight of 35 kg were randomly allocated to 6 experimental
rations compounded from conventional ingredients with maize and maize offal as the major energy
Sources. Ration 1, (R1) served as the control and contained no Cocoa husk (CH) supplement.
Rations 2.3.4,5 and 6 (R2-R6) contained 5%, 10%, 15% 20% and 25% inclusion levels of cocoa
husk, respectively effectively replacing maize offal at 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%, respectively. Significant effects (P<0.05) were observed on testicular weights with a mean of 150g in the control Digs and 168g in the pigs on 5% CH diet. Further increases in the dietary intake of CH decreased testicular weight. The weight of the tunica albuginea increased initially with increasing CH inclusion up to 10% level (17.8g) thereafter gradually decreasing with increasing CH to10. 6g at 25% CH level. The cauda epididymal weight also exhibited a similar trend. Gonadal sperm reserves were influenced by dietary CH rising from 2.74x109 in the control animals to 13.05 x109 in the 10% CH supplemented group and falling thereafter to 3.21 x109 at 20%CH supplementation. Epididymal reserves were also similar in concentration to the testicular sperm concentrations. Significant dimly effects were observed in calcium, potassium and sodium concentrations in the gonads. Calcium content of gonadal tissues decreased with increasing CH level. Potassium and sodium however rose linearly with increasing CH incorporation zip till 20% incorporation level, and declined sharply in the pigs fed the 25%CH diets. In summary, cocoa husk supported optimum testicular characteristics maximally in mature boars up to 10 % level of incorporation and is tolerated without adverse effects on testicular characteristics up to 15% level.
Performance of weaner rabbits fed graded levels of sun-dried sweet potato tuber meal (Ipomea batatas) diets
Authors: Orunmiyi M. , Bawa G. S. , Musa R. M. 
Published: February 2021

Forty weaned rabbits (8 weeks old) of mixed sexes and breed, with an average initial live-weight of 680g, were used in a nine-week feeding trial to evaluate their performance on diets in which sun-dried sweet potatoe tuber meal (Ipomoea batatas) was included at the rate of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% levels in a CP Isonitrogenous diets. Performance parameters showed that feed intake, weight gain and feed to gain ratio were not significantly different between treatments. Values obtained were poorer for the sweet potato based diets compared to the control. No mortality was recorded during the experiment. Carcass and oragn weights expressed as percentage of live-weight showed no significant differences (P>0.05) across the treatments. It was concluded that sweet potato meal can be included up to 40% level in diets of young rabbits.
Utilization of whole pods of Albizia saman in diets of growing rabbits
Authors: Oduguwa O. O. 
Published: February 2021

The effect of graded levels of whole pods of Albizia saman (Rain tree) on the performance nutrient utilization and haematology of growing rabbits were studied. Four experimental diets were formulated which contained 100, 200 and 300g whole pods of A. saman of diet. Forty-eight growing hybrid rabbits with average initial weight of 828.2g were used for the experiment. They were alloted on weight equalization basis to four dietary treatments that is 12 animals per treatment. The animals were housed individually and fed ad libitum with the respective diets through the eight weeks experimental period. Data on body weight, feed intake, feed to gain ratio and protein efficiency ratio were monitored. Metabolic trials were also carried out in the course of the experiment and the digestibility of dry matter and the proximate contents of the feed were determined. Some haematological indices of the experimental animals were also assayed, these include: packed cell volume, haemoglobin, red blood cells, white blood cells, serum total protein, serum albumin and serum creatine. Results showed that the dietary treatments had significant effect (P<0.05) on body weight, feed intake, feed to gain ratio and protein efficiency ratio. Rabbits fed 100g kg-1 A. saman diet had similar performance with those on the control diet (0g kg-1 A. saman) and performed better (P<0.05) than those fed 200g kg-1 and 300g kg-1 A. saman diets. The digestibility values of dry matter and other proximate fractions of the dietary treatments were not significantly different (P>0.05). However, when only the A. saman diets were considered, rabbits fed 100g kg-1 had the highest but non-significant digestibility values for all the measurement taken. The mean values for packed cell volume, haemoglobin, serum total protein and serum albumin decreased with increasing level of inclusion of A. saman. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the values of red blood cells and serum creatine. It was concluded that inclusion of whole pods of A. saman up to 100g kg-1 level in the diets of growing rabbits gave best results with no adverse effect on performance and nutrient digestibility.
Utilization of coconut meal based diets supplemented with lysine by broiler chicken
Authors: Dairo F. A. S. , Ogunmodede B. K. 
Published: February 2021

Coconut meal (CM) was included in a broiler diet to supply 40% of the total groundnut cake protein. The diet was formulated based on the recommendations of a previous study that coconut meal protein can replace 40% of groundnut cake (GNC) in broilers diet. A control diet was formulated containing 22% GNC, the protein of which was replaced by coconut meal protein. Five diets were prepared . The control (Diet A) and 4 others that contained essentially the same proximate composition (Diets B-E) were supplemented with synthetic lysine at 0.30, 0,60, 0.90 and 1.20% dietary levels. 240 broiler chicks were alotted into 5 dietary treatment groups of 3 sub-groupa. Each sub-group contained 16 birds. The dietary lysine content from diets A-E were 1.20, 1.15, 1.45, 1.76 and 2.00% respectively and were fed to the broilers for a period of 56 days. Performance indices, average feed consumption, average body gain, live weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) were monitored. The dry matter, protein and ether extractretentions were all equally monitored twice at the 4th and 8th week. Haematological and enzyme assays were investigated at 4th and 8th week. The average feed consumption and FCR were significantly increased (P<0.05) by the increasing level of lysine supplementation both at the 4th and 8th week. The body gain also decreased significantly (P<0.05) at the 4th and 8th week while the live weight was significantly (P<0.05) better in the control and 0.6% lysine supplementation at the 56th day of the study. The dry matter, nitrogen and other extract retentions significantly decreased (P<0.05) at the 4th and 8th week. The total protein and albumin decreased significantly (P<0.05) at the 4th and 8th week while, creatinine and urea increased with increasing level of lysine supplementation. The serum glutamate amino transaminase and alanine amino transaminase both increased significantly (P<0.05) at the 4th and 8th week. The study indicated that 0.6% lysine supplementation (of diet containing coconut meal contributing 40% protein of the major vegetable protein source) enhance the utilization of the coconut meal by broilers.
THE FEEDING VALUE OF CASSAVA MEAL DIETS FOR GROWING JAPANESE QUAIL (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica)
Authors: Edache J. A. , Musa U. , Karsin P. D. , Esilonu J. O. , Yisa A. , Okpala E. J. , Zwandor N. J. 
Published: February 2021

A six-week feeding trial was conducted to determine the replacement value of Cassava meal for maize in a piratical quail diet. It involved ninety six day-old quail chicks housed in cages in a brooding house. Four isonitrogenous (22%mde protein) diets incorporating graded levels (0.0, 15, 25 and 35%) of cassava meal as a replacement for maize were tested. The diets were also isocaloric (280Kcal/kg M. E.) and contained crude protein (25.53%; diet 1, 25.00%; diet 2, 24.34%; diet 3and 24.00% diet4) and were replicated three times. Feed intake weight gain feed/gain ratio and feed cost/kg gain did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) across the treatment. Feed cost decreased numerically across the treatments and was lowest for diet 4, i.e., the diet in which all the maize was replaced by 35% cassava meal. Feed cost/kg gain was numerically lower for diet 4 (146.34) than the other diets (233.16, 169.39, and 159.94). Results of this study indicated that at dietary crude protein levels of between 24 and 25% and M.E. of 2800Kcal/kg feed, 35% cassava meal based diet was suitable for acceptable ‘growth performance in Japanese quail chicks in the first six weeks of life’
Performance, blood biochemical constituents and mineral bal ance of west african dwarf sheep fed preserved elephant grass, layers' droppings and cassava peel diets during dry season
Authors: Sowande O. S. , Aina A. B. J. , Oguntona E. B. , Fanimo A. O. , Unaka V. U. , Hassan  T. A. , Oseni M. O. 
Published: February 2021

An experiment was conducted during the dry season to evaluate the performance, blood biochemical constituents and minerall balance in fifteen West African Dwarf rams fed diets containing preserved elephant grass 45,40,35% and layers’ dropping at 25, 30 and 35% respectively. The rams were divided into three groups of 5 animals each balanced for body weight. Each groups of ram were randomly allocated to one of the experiments diets in a day feeding trial. Results showed thatvoluntary dry matter intake (DM) decreased (P<0.05) from 396.92 to 325.88g/d as the proportion of layers’ droppings in the diet increased. The rams fed diet 3 were heavier compared to the rams on the other diets. Packed cell volume, RBC,WBC, BUN, glucose, total protein, Ca, K, Na and Cl were similar (P>0.05). sawdustash could be utilizedfor feeding sheep during the dry season for good
Effect of agricultural credit on the output and profitability of egg farms in Abia State, Nigeria
Authors: Tanko L. , Jirgi A. J. 
Published: February 2021

The study examined the effects of agricultural credit on the output and profitability of egg farms in Abia State, Nigeria Primary data were collected with structured questionnaire during the 2004 production season from a total of 120 ege farmers selected using purposive random sampling technique with which the productions, prosir and cost functions were estimated using the Ordinary I Synares (OLS regression focuique Results strow thar total quality of feed jam size and cost of drugs positively and significantly influenced egg out(% 7% and 5% levels respectively Results of the profit function reveals war total output output eggs, agricultural credit and average price of eggs per chale had positive and significant effects own profit at 1% 1% and 5% levels actively Sufficient evidence exists to suggest that productivity level differ across arms with and we wishow access to credit. This study recommends increased incentives to farmers in form of credit facilities, Farmers should be encouraged to belong to organized farmers' groups such as Co-operatives
The frequency and influence of spur gene on six metric traits in Nigeria Local Chicken
Authors: Oguntunji A. O , Ayorinde K. I. 
Published: February 2021

A study was collected in two local government arears of Oyo state,Nigerian, an adult, free-ranging indigenous chiken on the incidence and possible influence of the spur gene (sl) on the body weight and five other matric traits: Body length (BL), wing length (WL), shank length (SL), shank thickness (ST) and breast girth (BG) which are indicative of the body size and growth 486 (37.15%) of the 1039 sampled local fowls were sparrowed and the gene frequency was estimated to 0.61. the calculated gene and genotype frequencues were significantly different (p<0.05) from the expected values for a recessive gene where complete dominance is operating while sex analysis revealed high significant (P<0.01) incidene of the spur in males (70.3%). There was no significant (P>0.05) genotype effect on any of the metric traits under consideration. It is demonstrated in this study that the incidence of spur gene (sl) seems to be sex-influenced, higher than expected but had no effect on the six metric traits considered.