bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the stability of planetary orbits in binary star systems I. The S-type orbits
Authors: De Cesare G. , Capuzzo-Dolcetta R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMany exoplanets are discovered in binary star systems in internal or in circumbinary orbits. Whether the planet can be habitable or not depends on the possibility to maintain liquid water on its surface, and therefore on the luminosity of its host stars and on the dynamical properties of the planetary orbit. The trajectory of a planet in a double star system can be determined, approximating stars and planet with point masses, by solving numerically the equations of motion of the classical three-body system. In this study, we analyze a large data set of planetary orbits, made up with high precision long integration at varying: the mass of the planet, its distance from the primary star, the mass ratio for the two stars in the binary system, and the eccentricity of the star motion. To simulate the gravitational dynamics, we use a 15th order integration scheme (IAS15, available within the REBOUND framework), that provides an optimal solution for long-term integration. In our data analysis, we evaluate if an orbit is stable or not and also provide the statistics of different types of instability: collisions with the primary or secondary star and planets ejected away from the binary star system. Concerning the stability, we find a significant number of orbits that are only marginally stable, according to the classification introduced by Musielak et al. (Astron. Astrophys. 434:355, 2005). For planets of negligible mass, we estimate the critical semi-major axis $a_{c}$

a
c

as a function of the mass ratio and the eccentricity of the binary, in agreement with the results of Holman and Wiegert (Astron. J. 117:621, 1999). However we find that for very massive planets (Super-Jupiters) the critical semi-major axis decrease in some cases by a few percent, compared to cases in which the mass of the planet is negligible.
Effects of pore size and porosity on cytocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation of porous titanium
Authors: Yao Yi-tong , Yang Yue , Ye Qi , Cao Shan-shan , Zhang Xin-ping , Zhao Ke , Jian Yutao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo find out the optimal porosity and pore size of porous titanium (Ti) regarding the cytocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation. Six groups of porous Ti samples with different porosities and pore sizes were fabricated by the powder metallurgy process. The microstructure and compressive mechanical properties were characterized. The cytocompatibility was examined by a series of biological tests as protein absorption with BCA assay kit, cell attachment with laser scanning confocal microscopy and vinculin expression, cell proliferation with CCK-8 assay. Cell differentiation and calcification were detected by qPCR and Alizarin Red S dying respectively. Pores distributed homogeneously throughout the porous Ti samples. The compressive test results showed that Young’s modulus ranged from 2.80 ± 0.03 GPa to 5.43 ± 0.34 GPa and the compressive strength increased from 112.4 ± 3.6 MPa to 231.1 ± 9.4 MPa. Porous Ti with high porosity (53.3 ± 1.2%) and small pore size (191.6 ± 3.7 μm) adsorbed more proteins. More MC3T3-E1 cells adhered onto dense Ti samples than onto any other porous ones already after culture and no difference was identified within the porous groups. The porous structure of porous Ti with a porosity of 53.3 ± 1.2% and an average pore size of 191.6 ± 3.7 μm facilitated cell differentiation and calcification. Small pores were not beneficial to the osteo-initiation at the very beginning. Porous Ti with a porosity of 53.3 ± 1.2% and an average pore size of 191.6 ± 3.7 μm fabricated by powder metallurgy process showed the expected mechanical property and improved osseointegration as implants in dental treatment.
Examining the Effect of an Interdisciplinary Literacy Program on Student Learning
Authors: Wang Jia , Herman Joan L. , Leon Seth , Epstein Scott 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe literacy design collaborative (LDC) was created to support teachers in implementing college and career readiness standards. Teachers work collaboratively with coaches to further develop their expertise and design standards-driven, literacy-rich writing assignments within their existing curriculum across content areas. The current paper reports on early student academic outcome results from a multi-year mixed methods study of the implementation and effect of LDC using a quasi-experimental design, as implemented in one large urban school district. We found LDC had statistically significant effects on Cohort 2 middle school students’ English language arts (ELA) performance, an effect size of (d = 0.15) for students receiving LDC instruction in the three core content areas LDC focuses on: ELA, science, and social studies/history.
Carbon stock estimation by dual-polarized synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and forest inventory data in a Mediterranean forest landscape
Authors: Vatandaşlar Can , Abdikan Saygin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractForest ecosystems play a crucial role in mitigating global climate change by forming massive carbon sinks. Their carbon stocks and stock changes need to be quantified for carbon budget balancing and international reporting schemes. However, direct sampling and biomass weighing may not always be possible for quantification studies conducted in large forests. In these cases, indirect methods that use forest inventory information combined with remote sensing data can be beneficial. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images offer numerous opportunities to researchers as freely distributed remote sensing data. This study aims to estimate the amount of total carbon stock (TCS) in forested lands of the Kizildag Forest Enterprise. To this end, the actual storage capacities of five carbon pools, i.e. above- and below-ground, deadwood, litter, and soil, were calculated using the indirect method based on ground measurements of 264 forest inventory plots. They were then associated with the backscattered values from Sentinel-1 and ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 data in a Geographical Information System (GIS). Finally, TCS was separately modelled and mapped. The best regression model was developed using the HH polarization of ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 with an adjusted R2 of 0.78 (p < 0.05). According to the model, the estimated TCS was about 2 Mt for the entire forest, with an average carbon storage of 133 t ha−1. The map showed that the distribution of TCS was heterogenic across the study area. Carbon hotspots were mostly composed of pure stands of Anatolian black pine and mixed, over-mature stands of Lebanese cedar and Taurus fir. It was concluded that the total carbon stocks of forest ecosystems could be estimated using appropriate SAR images at acceptable accuracy levels for forestry purposes. The use of additional ancillary data may provide more delicate and reliable estimations in the future. Given the implications of this study, the spatiotemporal dynamics of carbon can be effectively controlled by forest management when coupled with easily accessible space-borne radar data.
Exceptionally preserved extracellular bone matrix proteins from the late Neogene proboscidean Anancus (Mammalia: Proboscidea)
Authors: Schmidt-Schultz Tyede H. , Reich Mike , Schultz Michael 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn an exceptional preservation state, bones conserve the entire pattern of extracellular bone matrix proteins over thousands or sometimes even millions of years. Here we present typical extracellular bone matrix proteins, which were extracted from a 3.0-million-year-old gomphothere proboscidean, and identified with special antibodies. For the first time, osteonectin, osteopontin and BMP-2 were confidently identified from the extinct Anancus arvernensis, based on late Pliocene material from Willershausen, Lower Saxony, Germany. Our study has value in demonstrating that the longevity of original extracellular bone matrix proteins is much greater than formerly expected, and that such materials may be stabilised for distinct geological periods of time, especially in Fossil Lagerstätten.
Source Rock Characterization for Hydrocarbon Generative Potential and Thermal Maturity of Sutunga Coals, (East Jaintia Hill) Meghalaya, India: Petrographic and Geochemical Approach
Authors: Kumar Alok , Nath Manabendra , Singh Alok K. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The study presents hydrocarbon generative potential and thermal maturity of the Paleogene coals from Sutunga, Meghalaya, India using petro-geochemical method. The petrographic examination showed that the analyzed samples contain abundant vitrinite group macerals (mean 71.8%) with a significant amount of the liptinite (17.4%) group maceral, while the concentration of inertinite group is less (3.1%). Vitrinite reflectance (0.38 to 0.69 %Rom), indicates that the rank of Sutunga coals as sub-bituminous ‘B’ to high volatile bituminous ‘C’. The results obtained from rockeval pyrolysis show that the hydrogen index (HI) ranges from 245 to 348 mg HC/g TOC and temperature at S2 peak (Tmax) is 412 to 441 °C. These coals contain Type III and Type II/III kerogen and are immature in nature. The total organic carbon (TOC) and S2 yield of Sutunga coals vary from 27.5−93.3 wt%, and 86.0−300.1 mg HC/g rock respectively indicating its high potential for hydrocarbon.
Chip-based quantum key distribution
Authors: Kwek Leong-Chuan , Cao Lin , Luo Wei , Wang Yunxiang , Sun Shihai , Wang Xiangbin , Liu Ai Qun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractQuantum key distribution is a matured quantum science and technology. Over the last 20 years, there has been substantial research and development in this area. Recently, silicon technology has offered tremendous promise in the field for improved miniaturization of quantum key distribution through integrated photonic chips. We expect further progress in this area both in terms of protocols, photon sources, and photon detectors. This review captures some of the recent advances in this area.
A compendium of community engagement responses to the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Eder Milton Mickey ,   The PACER Group, Millay Tamara A. , Cottler Linda B. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTIntroduction:Clinical and Translational Science Award Program (CTSA)-funded institutions were charged with developing clinical and translational science programs and transforming clinical research at their institutions. Community engagement (CE) was recognized as a key component and catalyst of that transformation. CE hub capacities for working with communities and translating knowledge into practice have been illustrated through their COVID-19 responses.Methods:CE hub leaders met and discussed their CTSA’s early responses regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. The 2-hour discussion was distilled into themes which were sent to the CE hub leaders with a request for written accounts describing actions taken to engage local partners, communities, and institutions. The written reports form the basis for this compendium.Results:Eighteen institutions submitted written reports describing activities in relation to six themes: (1) listen to the community and respond to concerns, (2) collect data to understand the impact of COVID-19 on distinct communities and groups, (3) communicate science and address misinformation, (4) collaborate with health departments, (5) engage hubs and underrepresented populations in COVID-19 research, and (6) support our own well-being and that of others.Conclusions:Bidirectional interactions comprise the foundation of CE, which requires trusted partnerships that sustain communication through a series of activities and goals. The nimble responses to the pandemic substantiate the need for CE programs to maintain the infrastructure necessary to achieve the primary CTSA goals of improving health within and across communities and localities as well as expanding research participation of community members.
Open-plan office noise is stressful: multimodal stress detection in a simulated work environment
Authors: Sander Elizabeth (Libby) J. , Marques Cecelia , Birt James , Stead Matthew , Baumann Oliver 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019)-induced changes in the workplace present a timely opportunity for human resource management practitioners to consider and remediate the deleterious effects of noise, a commonly cited complaint of employees working in open-plan office (OPO) environments. While self-reports suggest that OPO noise is perceived as a stressor, there is little experimental research comprehensively investigating the effects of noise on employees in terms of their cognitive performance, physiological indicators of stress, and affect. Employing a simulated office setting, we compared the effects of a typical OPO auditory environment to a quieter private office auditory environment on a range of objective and subjective measures of well-being and performance. While OPO noise did not reduce immediate cognitive task performance compared to the quieter environment, it did reduce psychological well-being as evidenced by self-reports of mood, facial expressions of emotion, and physiological indicators of stress in the form of heartrate and skin conductivity. Our research highlights the importance of using a multimodal approach to assess the impact of workplace stressors such as noise. Such an approach will allow HR practitioners to make data-driven recommendations about the design and modification of workspaces to minimize negative effects and support employee well-being.
The Role of Corporate Culture in Bad Times: Evidence from the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Li Kai , Liu Xing , Mai Feng , Zhang Tengfei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAfter fitting a topic model to 40,927 COVID-19–related paragraphs in 3,581 earnings calls over the period Jan. 22–Apr. 30, 2020, we obtain firm-level measures of exposure and response related to COVID-19 for 2,894 U.S. firms. We show that despite the large negative impact of COVID-19 on their operations, firms with a strong corporate culture outperform their peers without a strong culture. Moreover, these firms are more likely to support their community, embrace digital transformation, and develop new products than those peers. We conclude that corporate culture is an intangible asset designed to meet unforeseen contingencies as they arise.
Reduced willingness to expend effort for rewards is associated with risk for conversion and negative symptom severity in youth at clinical high-risk for psychosis
Authors: Strauss Gregory P. , Bartolomeo Lisa A. , Luther Lauren 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundSchizophrenia (SZ) is typically preceded by a prodromal (i.e. pre-illness) period characterized by attenuated positive symptoms and declining functional outcome. Negative symptoms are prominent among individuals at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis (i.e. those with prodromal syndromes) and predictive of conversion to illness. Mechanisms underlying negative symptoms are unclear in the CHR population.MethodsThe current study evaluated whether CHR participants demonstrated deficits in the willingness to expend effort for rewards and whether these impairments are associated with negative symptoms and greater risk for conversion. Participants included 44 CHR participants and 32 healthy controls (CN) who completed the Effort Expenditure for Reward Task (EEfRT).ResultsCompared to CN, CHR participants displayed reduced likelihood of exerting high effort for high probability and magnitude rewards. Among CHR participants, reduced effort expenditure was associated with greater negative symptom severity and greater probability of conversion to a psychotic disorder on a cross-sectional risk calculator.ConclusionsFindings suggest that effort-cost computation is a marker of illness liability and a transphasic mechanism underlying negative symptoms in the SZ spectrum.
Strategic voting revisited: the case of the 2018 Taipei City mayoral election
Authors: Wu Chung-li , Lin Alex Min-Wei , Chang Chingching 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this study, we examine whether strategic voting – in which a voter seeks to maximize the expected payoff from casting a ballot – occurred among late voters in the 2018 Taipei City mayoral election. This multi-candidate mayoral contest was noteworthy because ballot-counting started before all the votes had been cast, with preliminary results being leaked to the media. Theoretically, having access to real-time updates of voting figures could have influenced the decision of voters who were still in line waiting to cast their ballots. Analysis and reconstruction of aggregate polling data, however, demonstrate that there was very little (if any) strategic voting among these late voters on election day, even if they had information that might have induced them to vote strategically.
Seasonal Controls on Sediment Delivery and Hydrodynamics in a Vegetated Tidally Influenced Interdistributary Island
Authors: Styles Richard , Snedden Gregg A. , Smith S. Jarrell , Bryant Duncan B. , Boyd Brandon M. , Gailani Joseph Z. , Couvillion Brady , Race Edward 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRiver deltas are maintained by a continuous supply of terrestrial sediments that provide critical land building material to help sustain and protect vulnerable ecological communities and serve as natural storm protection barriers. Local hydrodynamics are important in determining the degree to which fluvial sediments are removed from the water column and retained on the delta complex. During 2014, we measured hydrodynamics and sediment transport characteristics at one of the world's most rapidly prograding deltas, the Wax Lake delta in Louisiana, USA. We observed waves to be the dominant source of bottom stress for 70% of our observations. Sediment concentration tended to increase with shear stress, but only after stresses exceeded 0.01–0.02 Pa. Significant wave height and bottom stress were substantially reduced after June, when the emergence of American lotus (Nelumbo lutea) formed a dense canopy over the intertidal regions of the island splay. Hydrodynamics during these summer vegetated conditions were much more favorable to floc formation, and by extension particle settling, as shown by trends in the Kolmogorov microscale parameter over the course of the measurement campaign. Together, these findings suggest that the timing between peak river discharge and the emergence of vegetation may have a strong influence on rates of progradation in seasonally vegetated delta splays, whereby sediments delivered by flood events that extend late into summer may be governed by hydrodynamics that favor particle deposition, whereas those delivered prior to the summer may be more prone to remain in suspension and bypass the delta complex.
Opportunities for Robustness of Water Footprints in Electricity Generation
Authors: Chini Christopher M. , Delorit Justin D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWater resources are required for cooling of thermoelectric power plants and in the production of hydroelectricity. Scarcity of water resources impacts the ability to generate electricity in grids across the globe. There is extensive literature and research on the electricity‐water nexus, spanning hydrology, policy, and energy sectors. Existing research often focuses on quantifying a static relationship and rarely accounts for expectations of annual, seasonal, and subseasonal water variability in nexus research. This omission leaves an important, unanswered question in the field: how can the water footprinting framework be operationalized in the electricity‐water nexus with hydroclimatic forecasts? Building off the work by Chowdhury et al. (https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EF001814), we comment on the opportunities for climate‐informed, seasonal, or subannual assessments of the electricity‐water nexus to facilitate decision‐making.
Identification of transdiagnostic psychiatric disorder subtypes using unsupervised learning
Authors: Pelin Helena , Ising Marcus , Stein Frederike , Meinert Susanne , Meller Tina , Brosch Katharina , Winter Nils R. , Krug Axel , Leenings Ramona , Lemke Hannah , Nenadić Igor , Heilmann-Heimbach Stefanie , Forstner Andreas J. , Nöthen Markus M. , Opel Nils , Repple Jonathan , Pfarr Julia , Ringwald Kai , Schmitt Simon , Thiel Katharina , Waltemate Lena , Winter Alexandra , Streit Fabian , Witt Stephanie , Rietschel Marcella , Dannlowski Udo , Kircher Tilo , Hahn Tim , Müller-Myhsok Bertram , Andlauer Till F. M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPsychiatric disorders show heterogeneous symptoms and trajectories, with current nosology not accurately reflecting their molecular etiology and the variability and symptomatic overlap within and between diagnostic classes. This heterogeneity impedes timely and targeted treatment. Our study aimed to identify psychiatric patient clusters that share clinical and genetic features and may profit from similar therapies. We used high-dimensional data clustering on deep clinical data to identify transdiagnostic groups in a discovery sample (N = 1250) of healthy controls and patients diagnosed with depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and other psychiatric disorders. We observed five diagnostically mixed clusters and ordered them based on severity. The least impaired cluster 0, containing most healthy controls, showed general well-being. Clusters 1–3 differed predominantly regarding levels of maltreatment, depression, daily functioning, and parental bonding. Cluster 4 contained most patients diagnosed with psychotic disorders and exhibited the highest severity in many dimensions, including medication load. Depressed patients were present in all clusters, indicating that we captured different disease stages or subtypes. We replicated all but the smallest cluster 1 in an independent sample (N = 622). Next, we analyzed genetic differences between clusters using polygenic scores (PGS) and the psychiatric family history. These genetic variables differed mainly between clusters 0 and 4 (prediction area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) = 81%; significant PGS: cross-disorder psychiatric risk, schizophrenia, and educational attainment). Our results confirm that psychiatric disorders consist of heterogeneous subtypes sharing molecular factors and symptoms. The identification of transdiagnostic clusters advances our understanding of the heterogeneity of psychiatric disorders and may support the development of personalized treatments.