bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of Direct Spectrophotometric Method for the Estimation of Glimepiride
Authors: Chafle Dilip , Awale Lata 
Published: June 2021

Aims: To develop simple, sensitive and direct spectrophotometric methods for the estimation of widely prescribed antidiabetic hypoglycemic agent Glimepiride in pure and pharmaceutical dosage form.
Place and duration of study: Research Centre of Taywade Group of Institution Koradi, Nagpur affiliated to Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University Nagpur between June 2020 and March 2021.
Methodology: Two spectrophotometric methods were developed based on ion-pair formation of drug with Cresol Red dye (Method A) and Bromophenol Blue dye (Method B) in methanol and chloroform. The possible reaction mechanism was proposed with evaluation of statistical parameters. The methods were validated for its application to determine Glimepiride in bulk as well as in pharmaceutical formulations
Results: The Beer's law was found linear in the range 10 - 60 µgml-1 at 450 nm for method A and 2 - 20 µgml-1 at 578 nm for method B, respectively. The linear regression equation obtained by applying least square regression analysis for Glimepiride were found to be Absorbance = 0.0136 x Concentration in µgml-1 + 0.028; R2 = 0.9965 for method A and Absorbance = 0.0428x Concentration in µgml-1 +0.0722; R2 = 0.9949 for method B. The Sandell's sensitivity was found to be 0.0696 and 0.0177 for method A and B respectively. The apparent molar absorptivity calculated to be for both methods were 6.6724 x103 and 2.0999 x104 l mol-1 cm-1.
Conclusion: Two direct spectrophotometric methods for determination of Glimepiride have been developed successfully and validated for sensitivity, accuracy, precision, repeatability and robustness as per ICH guidelines. The developed methods are suitable for the routine estimation of Glimepiride in pure and dosage form.
Robust Compensating Function Scheme for Adequate Electrical Power System Stabilization
Authors: Macmammah Michael , Atuchukwu J. , Obinwa C. I. , Agbaraji Chukwudi E. 
Published: June 2021

This work centers on robust compensating function scheme for adequate electrical power system stabilization. There has been high level of disturbances in the power line and lack of adequate compensation technique to cancel the effects of the resultant instability which has caused power failures. The problem was addressed by the consideration of disturbances in the power line during the design of the compensating function for the improvement of the power system performance and stability. H-Infinity synthesis robust compensating function design method was used to design an adequate compensator that can improve the performance and stability of the power system. From the results, the H-infinity Synthesis Controlled Generating Plant (HCGP) recorded an overshoot of 0%, settling time of 1.04 seconds, tracking error of 0dB, gain margin of 21.7dB and phase margin of 79.6 degrees. The simulation was repeated by varying the value to k to -0.3, and the generating plant produced same results. This shows that the system can maintain performance and stability equilibrium even when there is change in its parameters. Since the HCGP satisfied the performance and stability robustness, therefore it was concluded that power system robust compensating function scheme for improved performance and stability robustness was achieved using H-Infinity synthesis method.
Role of Stronger Interlayer van der Waals Coupling in Twin‐Free Molecular Beam Epitaxy of 2D Chalcogenides
Authors: Mortelmans Wouter , De Smet Karel , Meng Ruishen , Houssa Michel , De Gendt Stefan , Heyns Marc , Merckling Clement 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLarge‐area epitaxy of layered materials is one of the cornerstones for a successful exploitation of van der Waals (vdW) materials in the semiconductor industry. The formation of 60° twin stacking faults and 60° grain boundaries is of major concern for the defect‐free epitaxial growth. Although strategies to overcome the occurrence of these defects are being considered, more fundamental understanding on the origin of these defects is highly essential. This work focuses on understanding the formation of 60° twins in (quasi‐)vdW epitaxy of 2D chalcogenides. Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) experiments reveal the striking difference in 60° twin occurrence between WSe2 and Bi2Se3 in both quasi‐vdW heteroepitaxy and vdW homoepitaxy. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations link this difference to the interlayer vdW coupling strength at the unit cell level. The stronger interlayer vdW coupling in Bi2Se3 unit cells compared to WSe2 unit cells is explained to result in a reduced twin occurrence. Hence, such compounds show significantly more promise for defect‐free epitaxial integration. This interesting aspect of (quasi‐)vdW epitaxy reveals that the strength of interlayer vdW coupling is key for workable 2D materials and opens perspectives for other strongly coupled vdW materials.
Detection of Subsurface, Nanometer‐Scale Crystallographic Defects by Nonlinear Light Scattering and Localization
Authors: Shafiei Farbod , Orzali Tommaso , Vert Alexey , Miri Mohammad‐Ali , Hung Pui Yee , Wong Man Hoi , Alù Andrea , Bersuker Gennadi , Downer Michael C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHeteroepitaxial crystalline films underlie many electronic and optical technologies but are prone to forming defects at their heterointerfaces. Atomic‐scale defects such as threading dislocations that propagate into a film impede the flow of charge carriers and light degrading electrical/optical performance of devices. Diagnosis of subsurface defects traditionally requires time‐consuming invasive techniques such as cross‐sectional transmission electron microscopy. Using III–V films grown on Si, noninvasive, bench‐top diagnosis of subsurface defects have been demonstrated by optical second‐harmonic scanning probe microscope. A high‐contrast pattern is observed of subwavelength “hot spots” caused by scattering and localization of fundamental light by defect scattering sites. Size of these observed hotspots are strongly correlated to the density of dislocation defects. The results not only demonstrate a global and versatile method for diagnosing subsurface scattering sites but uniquely elucidate optical properties of disordered media. An extension to third harmonics would enable irregularities detection in non‐χ(2) materials making the technique universally applicable.
Selection of elite Rhizobium strains by biometric techniques for inoculation in common bean
Authors: Pádua Oliveira Dâmiany , Lima Soares Bruno , Avelar Ferreira Paulo Ademar , Ribeiro Passos Thiago , Bastos de Andrade Messias José , Furtado Ferreira Daniel , de Souza Moreira Fatima Maria 
Published: June 2021

AbstractVariation in plant responses to inoculation with rhizobia strains in different environments can be analyzed with the aid of biometric techniques. The Annicchiarico methodology and the Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction Analysis (AMMI) and Toler models are here applied to the genotype × environment (GE) interaction to determine the adaptability and phenotypic stability of N2‐fixing bacteria in symbiosis with common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in environments with high, moderate, and low acidity and with deficiencies or excessive concentrations of nutrients. A randomized block design was used in eight environments, with four replications and seven bacterial genotypes, including two controls with native soil bacterial communities (with or addition without mineral‐N fertilization). Individual and combined analyses of variance and biometric analyses were conducted on the yield values. CIAT899, UFLA02‐127, and native rhizobia were the most stable genotypes in relation to environments (AMMI models). CIAT899 and native rhizobia are the least adapted (Toler models), whereas the genotype UFLA02‐127 has the best response to the environments (Toler models). The Annicchiarico method showed that the reliability of adoption of UFLA02‐127 and native rhizobia fertilized with mineral N exceeds 85%, indicating high probability of increase in common bean yield if adopted in the field. Conversely, native rhizobia have <65% reliability.
Transformation of microstructure of coal‐based and petroleum‐based needle coke: Effects of calcination temperature
Authors: Zhu Huihui , Zhu Yaming , Xu Yunliang , Hu Chaoshuai , Lai Shiquan , Gao Lijuan , Zhao Xuefei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNeedle coke was recognized as one of the most important precursor to produce ultra‐high power graphite electrode, commercial anode materials for lithium‐ion battery, and special graphite materials. It was generally accepted that the microstructure of needle coke has been acted as a key role on the quality of its derived graphite materials. In this work, four kinds of green needle cokes (coal‐based green needle coke and petroleum‐based green needle coke) have been used as the raw materials to investigate the changes of micro‐structure during the calcination process. The micro‐structure of needle cokes at different calcination temperature has been detailed characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectrum, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. Briefly, the size of carbon crystalline (Lc), the content of graphite carbon (IG/IAll), and the content of regular carbon microcrystals (Ig) in coal‐based needle coke were higher than petroleum‐based needle coke when the calcinations temperature was below 1500°C. What's more, the calcinations temperature of 1400°C is the characteristic temperature of the transition of carbon microcrystalline. In other words, the coal‐based needle coke was easier to graphitization than petroleum‐based needle coke.
Platinum Nanosheets Intercalated into Natural and Artificial Graphite Powders
Authors: Shirai Masayuki , Kubo Kohei , Sodeno Mika , Nanao Hidetaka 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInsertion of sheet‐type platinum particles (platinum nanosheets) between graphite layers was achieved by a thermal treatment of a mixture of platinum chloride (IV) and graphite powder (natural graphite or artificial graphite) under 0.3 MPa of chlorine at 723 K, followed by the treatment under 40 kPa of hydrogen pressure. Similar platinum nanosheets, which were 1–3 nm in thickness and 100–500 nm in width and had a number of hexagonal holes and edges with 120° angle, were formed between the layers of both natural graphite or artificial graphite; however, their location in the graphite layers depended on the type of graphite used. A number of platinum nanosheets were observed in the edge region of natural graphite particles which have flat surface. On the other hand, a number of platinum nanosheets were found inside and away from the edge of the artificial graphite particles especially in the vicinity of the cracks. Both the platinum nanosheet‐containing artificial and natural graphite samples showed high selectivity to cinnamyl alcohol in cinnamaldehyde hydrogenation under supercritical carbon dioxide conditions, while spherical platinum particles, which were located on the surface of natural and artificial graphite, showed lower selectivity.
Advances in production and structural derivatization of the promising molecule ursolic acid
Authors: Liu Hao‐Ran , Ahmad Nadeem , Lv Bo , Li Chun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUrsolic acid (UA) is a ursane‐type pentacyclic triterpenoid compound, naturally produced in plants via specialized metabolism and exhibits vast range of remarkable physiological activities and pharmacological manifestations. Owing to significant safety and efficacy in different medical conditions, UA may serve as a backbone to produce its derivatives with novel therapeutic functions. This review aims to provide ideas for exploring more diverse structures to improve UA pharmacological activity and increasing its biological yield to meet the industrial requirements by systematically reviewing the current research progress of UA. We first provides an overview of the pharmacological activities, acquisition methods and structural modifications of UA. Among them, we focused on the synthetic modifications of UA to yield valuable derivatives with enhanced therapeutic potential. Furthermore, harnessing the essential advances for green synthesis of UA and its derivatives by advent of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology are of great concern. In this regard, all pivotal advances for enhancing the production of UA have been discussed. In combination with the advantages of UA biosynthesis and transformation strategy, large‐scale microbial production of UA is a promising platform for further exploration.
Double‐Layer Technique Using an Acellular Dermal Matrix and Coronally Advanced Flap to Treat a Mandibular Incisor with a Cairo RT2 Defect: 8.5‐Year Results
Authors: Mahn Douglas H. 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionThe purpose of this case report is to document the 8.5 years result of treatment of a mandibular incisor having a buccal Cairo Recession Type 2 (RT2) gingival recession defect (GRD) using a double‐layer technique using an acellular dermal matrix (ADM) with a coronally advanced flap (CAF). To the author's knowledge, no long‐term results of this treatment modality in the mandibular incisor area have been reported.Case PresentationA 65‐year‐old non‐smoking female presented with an RT2 GRD on the buccal aspect of tooth #25 (International Standards Organization, ISO #41). Her overall periodontal status was healthy. This GRD was treated using a double‐layer of an ADM with a CAF. Tension‐free flap advancement was permitted by eliminating a frenum pull. Improved root coverage and stable gingival margins were found after 8.5 years.ConclusionThis report provides evidence to support the use of a double‐layer technique using an ADM with a CAF to treat a mandibular incisor with an RT2 GRD.
Mineral Content, Antioxidant Activity and Essential Oil of Allophylus edulis (A. St.‐Hil., A. Juss. & Cambess.) Radlk. Leaves: Plant from South American Biodiversity
Authors: Piekarski‐Barchik Paula , Ávila Suelen , Ferreira Sila M. R. , Santos Nayana C. S. , Marques Francisco A. , dos Santos Mayara P. , Grassi Marco T. , Miguel Marilis D. , Miguel Obdulio G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAllophylus edulis (A. St.‐Hil., A. Juss. & Cambess.) Radlk. (Sapindaceae) is an edible plant from the South American biodiversity that is a potential source of bioactive compounds. The mineral content and antioxidant activity of Allophylus edulis leaves were investigated, as well as the composition and the antioxidant activity of the essential oil. The mineral content was determined by ICP – OES and the antioxidant assays were assessed by ABTS, DPPH and FRAP. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC/MS. Calcium, potassium, phosphorus, sulfur, and magnesium were the main minerals found in A. edulis leaves. Of the toxic metals that were present, a low level of aluminum was detected. The essential oil of A. edulis has (E)‐nerolidol as major compound and both, the leaves, and the essential oil isolated from the leaves have antioxidant potential. These findings could provide a framework for developing new food and non‐food products with A. edulis leaves.
Recent Advances in Catalytic Atroposelective Construction of Pentatomic Heterobiaryl Scaffolds
Authors: He Xiao‐Long , Wang Cheng , Wen You‐Wu , Wang Zhouyu , Qian Shan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPentatomic heterobiaryl performs as a key structural motif in various natural products and bioactive compounds. With the rapid growth of asymmetric catalysis, five‐membered heterobiaryl‐based catalysts and ligands have emerged as an efficient complementary toolbox for asymmetric catalysis. Therefore, the development of enantioselective construction of such pentatomic atropisomers has received significant attention in recent decade. Various catalytic asymmetric strategies have been established, including central to axial chirality conversion, direct generation of heteroaryl, direct assembly of aryl‐heteroaryls, functionalization of racemic or prochiral biaryls, and chirality transfer from atropisomeric alkenes. Hundreds of unprecedented pentatomic atropisomers have proliferated. Importantly, a few promising axially chiral catalysts and ligands have been obtained from the prepared heterobiaryls after simple transformations. Hence, recent advances of catalytic asymmetric construction of axially chiral pentatomic heterobiaryls through asymmetric catalysis are summarized in this review, involving their scope, mechanism, transformations, and applications.
Pyrazole‐Thiazole Core‐Containing Analogs Exhibit Adjunctive Activity with Meropenem against Carbapenem‐Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE)
Authors: Kim Chungsik , Kassu Mintesinot , Smith Kenneth P. , Kirby James E. , Manetsch Roman 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPyrazole‐thiazole core‐containing compound KP‐40 and 20 novel derivatives were designed and synthesized through traditional SAR analysis. These molecules displayed adjunctive activity with meropenem against Gram‐negative bacteria evidenced by a range of fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC=0.5–0.25) and minimum adjunctive concentration (MAC=128–32 μM) values. Of this series of molecules, four compounds displayed notable adjunctive potential, with FIC and MAC values of 0.25 and 32 μM, respectively. Moreover, the solubility of these compounds was improved to an acceptable range. Further analysis using our “in house” permeation and efflux multi parameter optimization (PEMPO) algorithm revealed key physicochemical properties that may be critical for the development of active Gram‐negative antibacterials. Taking PEMPO scores into consideration prior to executing synthesis of analogs may be a simple, yet rapid and effective strategy that can be used in conjunction with traditional SAR approaches to aid in the design of potent Gram‐negative antibacterials.
Study on the Dynamics of Phase Formation and Degradation of 2D Layered Hybrid Perovskites and Low‐dimensional Hybrids Containing Mono‐functionalized Oligothiophene Cations
Authors: Van Gompel Wouter T. M. , Herckens Roald , Mertens Martijn , Denis Paul‐Henry , Ruttens Bart , D'Haen Jan , Van Hecke Kristof , Lutsen Laurence , Vanderzande Dirk 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLow‐dimensional (2D or 1D) hybrid perovskites are receiving increased attention due to their structural flexibility and enhanced stability compared to their 3D counterparts. Understanding the phase formation and degradation behavior of these materials is crucial towards their use in optoelectronic devices, since different crystal phases possess different optical and electronic properties. In this communication, we study the phase formation and degradation of a series of hybrids containing bithiophene, terthiophene and quaterthiophene derivatives. We show that two crystal phases can be formed for each of these systems, depending on the processing conditions. One phase corresponds to a 2D layered perovskite and the other phase has optical properties corresponding to a dimensionality intermediate between a 2D and a 1D hybrid.
Non‐Fullerene Acceptors with an Extended π‐Conjugated Core: Third Components in Ternary Blends for High‐Efficiency, Post‐Treatment‐Free Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Avalos‐Quiroz Yatzil Alejandra , Bardagot Olivier , Kervella Yann , Aumaître Cyril , Cabau Lydia , Rivaton Agnès , Margeat Olivier , Videlot‐Ackermann Christine , Vongsaysy Uyxing , Ackermann Jörg , Demadrille Renaud 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe synthesis of four non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs) with a “A–π–D–π–A” structure, in which the electron‐donating core is extended, was achieved. The molecules differed by the nature of the solubilizing groups on the π‐spacer and/or the presence of fluorine atoms on the peripheral electron‐accepting units. The optoelectronic properties of the molecules were characterized in solution, in thin film, and in photovoltaic devices. The nature of the solubilizing groups had a minor influence on the optoelectronic properties but affected the organization in the solid state. On the other hand, the fluorine atoms influenced the optoelectronics properties and increased the photo‐stability of the molecules in thin films. Compared to reference ITIC, the extended molecules showed a wider absorption across the visible range and higher lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels. The photovoltaic performances of the four NFAs were assessed in binary blends using PM6 (PBDB‐T‐2F) as the donating polymer and in ternary blends with ITIC‐4F. Solar cells (active area 0.27 cm2) showed power conversion efficiencies of up to 11.1 % when ternary blends were processed from non‐halogenated solvents, without any thermal post‐treatment or use of halogenated additives, making this process compatible with industrial requirements.
m6A modification of lncRNA PCAT6 promotes bone metastasis in prostate cancer through IGF2BP2‐mediated IGF1R mRNA stabilization
Authors: Lang Chuandong , Yin Chi , Lin Kaiyuan , Li Yue , Yang Qing , Wu Zhengquan , Du Hong , Ren Dong , Dai Yuhu , Peng Xinsheng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundBone metastasis is the leading cause of tumor‐related death in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been well documented to be involved in the progression of multiple cancers. Nevertheless, the role of lncRNAs in PCa bone metastasis remains largely unclear.MethodsThe expression of prostate cancer‐associated transcripts was analyzed in published datasets and further verified in clinical samples and cell lines by RT‐qPCR and in situ hybridization assays. Colony formation assay, MTT assay, cell cycle analysis, EdU assay, Transwell migration and invasion assays, wound healing assay, and in vivo experiments were carried out to investigate the function of prostate cancer‐associated transcript 6 (PCAT6) in bone metastasis and tumor growth of PCa. Bioinformatic analysis, RNA pull‐down, and RIP assays were conducted to identify the proteins binding to PCAT6 and the potential targets of PCAT6. The therapeutic potential of targeting PCAT6 by antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) was further explored in vivo.ResultsPCAT6 was upregulated in PCa tissues with bone metastasis and increased PCAT6 expression predicted poor prognosis in PCa patients. Functional experiments found that PCAT6 knockdown significantly inhibited PCa cell invasion, migration, and proliferation in vitro, as well as bone metastasis and tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, METTL3‐mediated m6A modification contributed to PCAT6 upregulation in an IGF2BP2‐dependent manner. Furthermore, PCAT6 upregulated IGF1R expression by enhancing IGF1R mRNA stability through the PCAT6/IGF2BP2/IGF1R RNA‐protein three‐dimensional complex. Importantly, PCAT6 inhibition by ASO in vivo showed therapeutic potential against bone metastasis in PCa. Finally, the clinical correlation of METTL3, IGF2BP2, IGF1R, and PCAT6 was further demonstrated in PCa tissues and cells.ConclusionsOur study uncovers a novel molecular mechanism by which the m6A‐induced PCAT6/IGF2BP2/IGF1R axis promotes PCa bone metastasis and tumor growth, suggesting that PCAT6 may serve as a promising prognostic marker and therapeutic target against bone‐metastatic PCa.