bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental distress among young adults in Great Britain: long-term trends and early changes during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Gagné T. , Schoon I. , McMunn A. , Sacker A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
In Great Britain, few studies documented mental health trends in young adults in the years preceding 2020, the mental health dimensions affected, and how these compare with changes observed during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
Long-term trends in mental health among 16–34 year old men and women between 1991 and 2018, and changes between 2018–19 and July–September 2020 were examined using all waves from the British Household Panel Study (1991–2008), the UK Household Longitudinal Study (2009–20), and the first five UKHLS COVID-19 waves administered in April, May, June, July, and September 2020. Findings are based on the GHQ-12 continuous score (0–36), clinically significant cases (4 + /12) and severe cases (7 + /12) for mental distress, and item endorsements.

Results
Between 1991 and 2018, the prevalence of cases (4 + /12) increased from 14–22% to 19–32% across groups. Increases were largest in women aged 16–24. In April 2020, the risk of caseness (4 + /12) increased across groups by 55% to 80% compared to the 2018–19 baseline. This increase, however, rapidly diminished over time: in July–September 2020, there was only a higher risk of caseness (4 + /12) in men aged 25–34 (prevalence ratio = 1.29, 95% CI 1.01–1.65) compared to the 2018–19 baseline.

Conclusion
Whereas distress surged in April 2020, its return to pre-pandemic levels by September 2020 highlights the nuanced impact that the pandemic may have over time. Given the magnitude of the decline in mental health over the past decade, attention must be given to young adults once the pandemic ends.
Social Machines
Authors: Draude Claude , Gruhl Christian , Hornung Gerrit , Kropf Jonathan , Lamla Jörn , Leimeister Jan Marco , Sick Bernhard , Stumme Gerd 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungSocial Machines sind ein Paradigma für die Gestaltung soziotechnischer Systeme, die unter Verwendung von Web- und Plattformlösungen das Potenzial digitaler Technologien mit der Eigenlogik sozialer Interaktion, Organisation und Strukturbildung auf neue Weise zusammenführen. Im Folgenden diskutieren wir das Paradigma der Social Machine aus den Perspektiven der Informatik, der Wirtschaftsinformatik, der Soziologie und des Rechts, um Orientierungspunkte für seine Gestaltung zu identifizieren. Der Begriff ist in der Literatur jedoch bisher nicht abschließend definiert sondern nur durch Beispiele illustriert.In diesem Artikel stellen wir zunächst die folgende Definition zur Diskussion: Social Machines sind soziotechnische Systeme, in denen die Prozesse sozialer Interaktion hybrid zwischen menschlichen und maschinellen Akteuren ablaufen und teilweise algorithmisiert sind. Im Anschluss beleuchten wir drei aktuelle, sich gegenseitig bedingende Entwicklungen von Social Machines: die immer stärkere Verschmelzung von Sozialität und Maschine, die Vermessung von Nutzeraktivitäten als Grundstoff gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhalts und die zunehmende Algorithmisierung gesellschaftlicher Prozesse. Abschließend diskutieren wir, dass eine teilhabeorientierte, demokratischen Werten folgende Gestaltung von Social Machines die Perspektiven der Nutzungsakzeptanz, der gesellschaftlichen Akzeptabilität und der nachhaltigen Wirtschaftlichkeit adressieren und umsetzen muss.
Electrochemical deposition of nickel from aqueous electrolytic baths prepared by dissolution of metallic powder
Authors: Próchniak M. , Grdeń M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA new method of preparation of aqueous electrolyte baths for electrochemical deposition of nickel targets for medical accelerators is presented. It starts with fast dissolution of metallic Ni powder in a HNO3-free solvent. Such obtained raw solution does not require additional treatment aimed to removal nitrates, such as the acid evaporation and Ni salt precipitation-dissolution. It is used directly for preparation of the nickel plating baths after dilution with water, setting up pH value and after possible addition of H3BO3. The pH of the baths ranges from alkaline to acidic. Deposition of 95% of ca. 50 mg of Ni dissolved in the bath takes ca. 3.5 h for the alkaline electrolyte while for the acidic solution it requires ca. 7 h. The Ni deposits obtained from the acidic bath are physically and chemically more stable and possess smoother and crack-free surfaces as compared to the coatings deposited from the alkaline bath. A method of estimation of concentration of H2O2in the electrolytic bath is also proposed.
Prerequisites and initial developments for economic specialization in lagging regions—A study of specialized villages in Iran
Authors: Ghorbani Masoumeh , Brenner Thomas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlthough the literature provides a huge number of studies on specialized regions, such as clusters and industrial districts, most of them concern developed regions. Studies that focus on the initial processes and preconditions for the emergence of economic specialization in lagging regions are rare, and studies of this kind considering a large number of cases not existing. We use the information on 140 villages in lagging rural regions in Iran to examine the initializing processes and preconditions as well as the connection between the two. We find that the conditions that are present in the region affect the potential initial processes and developments that might lead to specialization. Thus, the findings support the application of place-based policies.
Orthogonal Polynomials on Planar Cubic Curves
Authors: Fasondini Marco , Olver Sheehan , Xu Yuan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOrthogonal polynomials in two variables on cubic curves are considered. For an integral with respect to an appropriate weight function defined on a cubic curve, an explicit basis of orthogonal polynomials is constructed in terms of two families of orthogonal polynomials in one variable. We show that these orthogonal polynomials can be used to approximate functions with cubic and square root singularities, and demonstrate their usage for solving differential equations with singular solutions.
Understanding Early Mathematical Modelling: First Steps in the Process of Translation Between Real-world Contexts and Mathematics
Authors: Alsina Ángel , Salgado María 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study is to provide data to better understand the processes of early mathematical modelling. According to this, an early mathematical modelling activity carried out by 21 Spanish schoolchildren aged 5–6 years is analysed, using the validated tool “Rubric for the Evaluation of Mathematical Modelling Processes” (REMMP). The results show that children link the content of the problem with their prior knowledge (understanding); identify the important data of the problem and simplify it (structuring); show some difficulties in substituting the elements of the real context for mathematical objects (mathematizing); use progressively mathematical objects and strategies in order to propose solutions for the problem (working mathematically); compare the solution with the initial problem (interpretation); justify the proposed model via valid arguments (validation); and also communicate the decisions taken throughout the modelling process and the concrete model obtained applied to the real context (presenting). We conclude that the description of this type of activities and the tools for their analysis could be used for grading and teaching tool in order to promote mathematic modelling in early childhood education.
Dynamical System Related to Primal–Dual Splitting Projection Methods
Authors: Bednarczuk E. M. , Dhara R. N. , Rutkowski K. E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe introduce a dynamical system to the problem of finding zeros of the sum of two maximally monotone operators. We investigate the existence, uniqueness and extendability of solutions to this dynamical system in a Hilbert space. We prove that the trajectories of the proposed dynamical system converge strongly to a primal–dual solution of the considered problem. Under explicit time discretization of the dynamical system we obtain the best approximation algorithm for solving coupled monotone inclusion problem.
A comprehensive survey of industry practice in real-time systems
Authors: Akesson Benny , Nasri Mitra , Nelissen Geoffrey , Altmeyer Sebastian , Davis Robert I. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper presents results and observations from a survey of 120 industry practitioners in the field of real-time embedded systems. The survey provides insights into the characteristics of the systems being developed today and identifies important trends for the future. It extends the results from the survey data to the broader population that it is representative of, and discusses significant differences between application domains. The survey aims to inform both academics and practitioners, helping to avoid divergence between industry practice and academic research. The value of this research is highlighted by a study showing that the aggregate findings of the survey are not common knowledge in the real-time systems community.
A quantitative paleoclimatic reconstruction of the non-analogue environment of oxygen isotope stage 3: new data from small mammal records of southwestern Germany
Authors: Rhodes Sara E. , Conard Nicholas J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEnsuring comparability between results is a key goal of all paleoecological reconstructions. Quantitative estimates of meteorological variables, as opposed to relative qualitative descriptions, provide the opportunity to compare local paleoenvironmental records against global estimates and incrementally build regional paleoclimatic records. The Bioclimatic Method provides quantitative and qualitative estimates of past landscape composition and climate along with measures of statistical accuracy by applying linear discriminant functions analysis and transfer functions to faunal taxonomic abundance data. By applying this method to the rodent data from Geißenklösterle and Hohle Fels, two Paleolithic cave sites located in the Ach Valley of southwestern Germany, we classify the regional vegetation according to Walters’ zonobiome model. We also present new estimates of meteorological variables including mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation, and vegetative activity period of the Ach Valley for the period spanning ~ 60,000 to 35,000 cal BP. The results suggest the Ach Valley contained a non-analogous landscape of arctic tundra and temperate deciduous woodland with occasional arid steppe expansion. Meteorological estimates suggest the climate was significantly colder during the Middle and Upper Paleolithic than today, with higher annual precipitation and dramatic temperature shifts between seasons. These results fit well with climatic reconstructions from Switzerland and the Netherlands based on a variety of proxies. They also provide further evidence of a localized climatic response within southwestern Germany to the stadial-interstadial shifts preceding the Heinrich 4 event. Finally, these results reinforce our previous claims that climatic volatility was not a driving force in the loss of Neanderthal groups throughout the Swabian Jura during OIS 3.
Characteristics of water contamination in abandoned coal mines: a case study on Yudong River area, Kaili, Guizhou Province, China
Authors: Li Xiangdong , Cai Jieying , Chen Di , Feng Qiyan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe seasonal and spatial changes in the chemical composition of the water in abandoned mine drainages and rivers in Yudong River area in the years of 2017–2018 were analyzed. The effects of mine water drainage on the seasonality and physicochemical properties of the river water after mine closure were evaluated, and the feasibility of irrigation using river water and the degree of pollution to farmland were assessed using the Water Quality Standard for Farmland Irrigation. The results show that the mine water has low pH value (< 3.5–4) and high levels of total hardness, SO42−, Fe, Al, and Zn. In addition, the pH of the mine water is negatively correlated with the presence of other metal ions. The correlation coefficient between the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and Fe reached 0.989. While the pollution levels of Pinglu and Baishui rivers were low, the confluence region of the two rivers was seriously polluted. However, only the levels of Fe and Cd slightly exceeded the Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard after the confluence of Yudong and Chongan rivers. Overall, the heavy pollution type of the confluent river is consistent with mine water pollution. The water quality is slightly better in the dry season compared than in the high-water period. Sulfate and Fe content decreased by 39 and 16 mg/L, respectively, and Cd content decreased two-fold. Despite these findings, this study shows that from 2017 to 2018, the pH and Cd content of the rivers at the confluence exceeded the irrigation limit and the water quality continued to deteriorate, which may pose a soil contamination risk. Long-term use of the river for irrigation water may cause toxic elements such as Cd, Fe, Mn, SO42−, Al, and F- to enter the food chain, thereby endangering the life and health of villagers in Yudong River area.
Optimal design of optical analog solvers of linear systems
Authors: Imeri Kthim 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper, given a linear system of equations $$\mathbf {A}\, \mathbf {x}= \mathbf {b}$$

A

x
=
b

, we are finding locations in the plane to place objects such that sending waves from the source points and gathering them at the receiving points solves that linear system of equations. The ultimate goal is to have a fast physical method for solving linear systems. The issue discussed in this paper is to apply a fast and accurate algorithm to find the optimal locations of the scattering objects. We tackle this issue by using asymptotic expansions for the solution of the underlying partial differential equation. This also yields a potentially faster algorithm than the classical BEM for finding solutions to the Helmholtz equation.
Traveling waves for the nonlinear variational wave equation
Authors: Grunert Katrin , Reigstad Audun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe study traveling wave solutions of the nonlinear variational wave equation. In particular, we show how to obtain global, bounded, weak traveling wave solutions from local, classical ones. The resulting waves consist of monotone and constant segments, glued together at points where at least one one-sided derivative is unbounded. Applying the method of proof to the Camassa–Holm equation, we recover some well-known results on its traveling wave solutions.
On the rate of error growth in time for numerical solutions of nonlinear dispersive wave equations
Authors: Ranocha Hendrik , de Luna Manuel Quezada , Ketcheson David I. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe study the numerical error in solitary wave solutions of nonlinear dispersive wave equations. A number of existing results for discretizations of solitary wave solutions of particular equations indicate that the error grows quadratically in time for numerical methods that do not conserve energy, but grows only linearly for conservative methods. We provide numerical experiments suggesting that this result extends to a very broad class of equations and numerical methods.
Placenta Percreta Presents with Neoangiogenesis of Arteries with Von Willebrand Factor-Negative Endothelium
Authors: Schwickert Alexander , Henrich Wolfgang , Vogel Martin , Melchior Kerstin , Ehrlich Loreen , Ochs Matthias , Braun Thorsten 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn placenta percreta cases, large vessels are present on the precrete surface area. As these vessels are not found in normal placentation, we examined their histological structure for features that might explain the pathogenesis of neoangiogenesis induced by placenta accreta spectrum disorders (PAS). In two patients with placenta percreta (FIGO grade 3a) of the anterior uterine wall, one strikingly large vessel of 2 cm length was excised. The samples were formalin fixed and paraffin-embedded. Gomori trichrome staining was used to evaluate the muscular layers and Weigert-Van Gieson staining for elastic fibers. Immunohistochemical staining of the vessel endothelium was performed for Von Willebrand factor (VWF), platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (CD31), Ephrin B2, and EPH receptor B4. The structure of the vessel walls appeared artery-like. The vessel of patient one further exhibited an unorderly muscular layer and a lack of elastic laminae, whereas these features appeared normal in the vessel of the other patient. The endothelium of both vessels stained VWF-negative and CD31-positive. In conclusion, this study showed VWF-negative vessel endothelia of epiplacental arteries in placenta accreta spectrum. VWF is known to regulate artery formation, as the absence of VWF has been shown to cause enhanced vascularization. Therefore, we suppose that PAS provokes increased vascularization through suppression of VWF. This process might be associated with the immature vessel architecture as found in one of the vessels and Ephrin B2 and EPH receptor B4 negativity of both artery-like vessels. The underlying pathomechanism needs to be evaluated in a greater set of patients.
Answering the Call of Conscience
Authors: Clayton Obie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis essay shows how three institutions—family, religion, and education—coalesced to shape the moral life of John Lewis. Lewis was born into a very religious, though uneducated, family who wished to see their son receive the education they were denied. The young Lewis took their zeal for education and religion into seminary and later college. It was in college that Lewis developed an intolerance for discrimination and came to champion the civil and human rights of all individuals. His call of conscience would not condone the suffering and abuse being generated by a segregated society. This passion for human rights led to his rising into prominence in the political arena, where many referred to him as the “conscience of the nation.”
A new perspective on women’s care burden and employment in Turkey
Authors: Ekiz Gökmen Çisel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWomen’s intra-household care burden is one of the main reasons behind women’s low employment rates in Turkey. Many empirical studies have tested this relationship by focusing on the existence of dependent household members, if any. They have largely overlooked the use of care services and the time spent on caring for dependent household members to evaluate women’s care burden.The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between women’s care burden and employment prospects and status in Turkey from the perspective of access to care services and the time dimension of the care burden. This relationship is analyzed through the logit model by using latest available data from the 2014–2015 Time Use Survey. The article shows that the time spent by women caring for dependent household members, and access to care services, are the most important factors influencing women’s employment probability in Turkey. Benefiting from informal childcare services increases the employment probability of women approximately twenty-seven times, while benefiting from formal childcare services increases two times and informal adult-care services 2.6 times. Ensuring the accessibility of institutional care services improves women’s employment status by enabling women’s transition from part-time to full-time jobs, and from unskilled to professional jobs.
The interplay of childhood maltreatment and maternal depression in relation to the reward positivity in youth
Authors: Suor Jennifer H. , Granros Maria , Calentino Alison E. , Phan K. Luan , Burkhouse Katie L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGuided by developmental psychopathology and dual-risk frameworks, the present study examined the interplay between childhood maltreatment and maternal major depression history in relation to neural reward responsiveness in youth. The sample consisted of 96 youth (ages 9–16; M = 12.29 years, SD = 2.20; 68.8% female) drawn from a large metropolitan city. Youth were recruited based on whether their mothers had a history of major depressive disorder (MDD) and were categorized into two groups: youth with mothers with a history of MDD (high risk; HR; n = 56) and youth with mothers with no history of psychiatric disorders (low risk; LR; n = 40). The reward positivity (RewP), an event-related potential component, was utilized to measure reward responsiveness and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire measured childhood maltreatment. We found a significant two-way interaction between childhood maltreatment and risk group in relation to RewP. Simple slope analysis revealed that in the HR group, greater childhood maltreatment was significantly associated with reduced RewP. The relationship between childhood maltreatment and RewP was not significant among the LR youth. The present findings demonstrate that the association between childhood maltreatment and blunted reward responsiveness is dependent on whether offspring have mothers with histories of MDD.
Extreme Water Vapor Transport During the March 2021 Sydney Floods in the Context of Climate Projections
Authors: Reid Kimberley J. , O'Brien Travis A. , King Andrew D. , Lane Todd P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDuring March 2021, large regions of Eastern Australia experienced prolonged heavy rainfall and extensive flooding. The maximum daily mean column integrated water vapor transport (IVT) over Sydney during this event was within the top 0.3% of all days since 1980, and the 10‐day mean IVT was in the top 0.2%. In this study, we have examined the change in frequency of extreme IVT events over Sydney in 16 climate models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 under two Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP245 and SSP585). Generalized Extreme Value modeling was used to further analyze the change in frequency of extreme IVT events. We found the probability of long duration high IVT events is projected to increase by 80% at the end of the century, but the future change in IVT is correlated to the rate of global and regional warming in each model.
Probabilistic Linear Inversion of Satellite Gravity Gradient Data Applied to the Northeast Atlantic
Authors: Minakov Alexander , Gaina Carmen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe explore the mantle density structure of the northeast Atlantic region using constrained linear inversion of the satellite gravity gradient data based on statistical prior information and assuming a Gaussian model. The uncertainty of the residual gravity gradient signal is characterized by a covariance matrix obtained using geostatistical analysis of controlled‐source seismic data. The forward modeling of the gravity gradients in the 3D reference crustal model is performed using a global spherical harmonics analysis. We estimate the model covariance function in the radial and angular directions using a variogram method. We compute volumetric gravity gradient kernels for a spherical shell covering the northeast Atlantic region down to the mantle transition zone (410 km depth). The solution of the linear inverse problem in the form of the mean density model and the posterior covariance matrix follows a least squares approach. The results indicate that on average the seismic velocity variation is proportional to the density variation in the northeast Atlantic region. However, a noticeable mismatch or anti‐correlation exists in some areas, such as the Greenland‐Iceland‐Faroe ridge and southwestern Norway. The predicted low‐density anomalies at depths of 100–150 km underneath the northeast Atlantic Ocean are correlated with the distribution of Cenozoic submarine volcanoes and seamount‐like features of the seafloor.