bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrothermal Origin of Early Permian Chert Nodules in the Central North China Craton Linked to Northern Margin Cratonic Activation
Authors: YAO Xu , LI Su , ZHOU Yaoqi , HINNOV Linda A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSedimentary chert phases from the Archean to the present are widely used to trace sedimentary environments and tectonic settings. Recently, chert nodules occurring within carbonates have been the subject of possible hydrothermal or biogenic origin, in lieu of a diagenetic origin. However, chert nodules from a vast cratonic basin represent extremely rich silica accumulations but less noted is how they respond to submarine hydrothermal activity (and/or surface siliceous organism productivity). The links between the cratonic‐type chert depositions and environmental changes regarding cratonic evolution need to be revisited at a large temporal‐spatial scale. The chert nodules are widespread throughout the Lower Permian Taiyuan Formation in the North China Craton (NCC). Several Taiyuan chert‐rich successions across the NCC have been selected to study possible links between chert deposition and cratonic evolution in scenario of partial cratonic activation of the northern NCC margin during the Late Paleozoic. Based on stratigraphic correlation, the chert nodules are ubiquitously, evenly distributed throughout the Taiyuan Formation at a large craton‐basin scale from the northern to southern interior NCC. Petrological results, elemental abundances, together with silicon and oxygen isotopic compositions of chert samples infer significant hydrothermal contributions for the silica accumulations. Therefore, the cratonic‐scale chert depositions of hydrothermal origin infer a giant and remote silica reservoir, linking to the large igneous province and magmatism in the NCC northern margins. The Taiyuan chert nodules could be unique marine sedimentary archives recording the Late Paleozoic NCC partial activation, which also generated continental records of igneous rocks, bauxites and tuffs. The strong tectonics of the northern margin, south‐dipping topography and northward transgression of the Early Permian NCC facilitated the chert deposition on the shallow marine platform in the cratonic interior.
Water installations and transhumance in four new Safaitic inscriptions from Birak al‐Wisād
Authors: al‐Ghul Omar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe four new inscriptions tackled here were written by four persons, three from the same social group ʾl ʾty, a hitherto sparsely attested group. They came to Birak al‐Wisād most probably seeking water and pasture for their animals and might have settled there from early summer until late summer. They designated the source of water they came to as nhy. After considering the epigraphic, linguistic and archaeological information, the paper confirms that this word should be understood as “pool”. In addition, the four inscriptions delivered two so far unattested personal names, Wrṯn and Ḫmrt. For the first time in Safaitic inscriptions, one of the inscriptions introduced the expression w wrd h‐ʾwl ʾns1 “And he went down to the water as the first of (all) people”.
Translating preclinical models of alcohol seeking and consumption into the human laboratory using intravenous alcohol self‐administration paradigms
Authors: Cyders Melissa A. , Plawecki Martin H. , Whitt Zachary T. , Kosobud Ann E.K. , Kareken David A. , Zimmermann Ulrich S. , O'Connor Sean J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPreclinical models of alcohol use disorder (AUD) have advanced theoretical, mechanistic, and pharmacological study of the human condition. “Liking” and “wanting” behaviors reflect core processes underlying several models of AUD. However, the development and application of translational models of these preclinical approaches are at an incipient stage. The goal of this study was to examine how intravenous free‐access and progressive‐ratio, operant‐response human alcohol self‐administration paradigms can be used as translational human model parallels of preclinical “liking” and “wanting.” Participants were 40 adults (mean age = 23.7, SD = 2.0; 45% female) of European descent who reported 12.6 drinking days (SD = 5.2) out of the previous 30 (average = 4.1 drinks per drinking day [SD = 1.7]). Individuals diverged in their alcohol self‐administration behavior, such that free‐access and progressive‐ratio paradigm outcomes were not significantly correlated (p = 0.44). Free‐access alcohol seeking was related to enjoying alcohol (p < 0.001), but not craving (p = 0.48), whereas progressive‐ratio seeking at similar levels of alcohol exposure was related to craving (p = 0.02), but not enjoying (p = 0.30). Family history of alcoholism, venturesomeness traits, and disinhibition traits were unrelated (ps > 0.70) to preferred level of breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) in the free‐access session, a measure of liking alcohol. Family history of alcoholism, disinhibition traits, and recent drinking history were significantly related (ps < 0.05) to alcohol seeking in the progressive‐ratio paradigm, a measure of wanting alcohol. We conclude that intravenous alcohol self‐administration paradigms show promise in modeling behaviors that characterize and parallel alcohol “liking” and “wanting” in preclinical models. These paradigms provide a translational link between preclinical methods and clinical trials.
Roan, ticked and clear coat patterns in the canine are associated with three haplotypes near usherin on CFA38
Authors: Brancalion L. , Haase B. , Mazrier H. , Willet C. E. , Lindblad‐Toh K. , Lingaas F. , Wade C. M. 
Published: February 2021

SummaryWhite coat patterning is a feature of many dog breeds and is known to be coded primarily by the gene micropthalmia‐associated transcription factor (MITF). This patterning in the coat can be modified by other factors to produce the attractive phenotypes termed ‘ticked’ and ‘roan’ that describe the presence of flecks of color that vary in distribution and intensity within otherwise ‘clear’ white markings. The appearance of the pigment in the white patterning caused by ticking and roaning intensifies in the weeks after birth. We applied genome‐wide association to compare English Cocker Spaniels of roan phenotype (N = 34) with parti‐color (non‐roan) English Cocker Spaniels (N = 9) and identified an associated locus on CFA 38, CFA38:11 057 040 (Praw = 8.9 × 10−10, Pgenome = 2.7 × 10−5). A local case–control association in English Springer Spaniels comparing 11 ticked and six clear dogs identified indicative association with a different haplotype, CFA38:11 122 467G>T (Praw = 1.7 × 10−5) and CFA38:11 124 294A>C (Praw = 1.7 × 10−5). We characterize three haplotypes in Spaniels according to their putative functional variant profiles at CFA38:11 111 286C>T (missense), CFA38:11 131 841–11 143 239DUP.insTTAA (using strongly linked marker CFA38:11 143 243C>T) and CFA38:11 156 425T>C (splice site). In Spaniels, the haplotypes work as an allelic series including alleles (t, recessive clear; T, dominant ticked/parti‐color; and TR, incomplete dominant roan) to control the appearance of pigmented spots or flecks in otherwise white areas of the canine coat. In Spaniels the associated haplotypes are t (CCT), T (TCC) and TR (TTT) for SNP markers on CFA38 at 11 111 286C>T, 11 143 243C>T and 11 156 425T>C respectively. It is likely that other alleles exist in this series and together the haplotypes result in a complex range of patterning that is only visible when dogs have white patterning resulting from the epistatic gene Micropthalmia‐associated transcription factor (the S‐locus).
Health service utilisation and health outcomes of residential aged care residents referred to a hospital avoidance program: A multi‐site retrospective quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Testa Luke , Hardy James E. , Jepson Therese , Braithwaite Jeffrey , Mitchell Rebecca J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the health system utilisation patterns and health outcomes of residential aged care facility (RACF) residents reviewed by a hospital avoidance program to those of RACF residents who received usual care.MethodsA retrospective evaluation of a hospital avoidance program provided by a hospital‐based medical and nursing outreach team. Residents reviewed by the program were randomly matched 1:1 to comparison group residents based on age group, sex and number of co‐morbidities. Number of hospital admissions, excess hospital length of stay and excess hospital treatment costs were compared.ResultsResidents reviewed by the program spent an average 9‐10 days fewer in hospital with AUD$2,091 to $8,014 lower hospital treatment costs compared to comparison group residents.ConclusionRapid provision of outreach services for the management of acute care of RACF residents may reduce the number of days residents spend in hospital, as well as reducing the associated hospital treatment costs.
Chinese Technology Transfer to Local Farmers in the Russian Far East
Authors: Yi Fujin , Gudaj Richard T. , Arefieva Valeria , Yanbykh Renata , Mishchuk Svetlana , Potenko Tatiana A. , Zhou Jiayi , Zuenko Ivan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe availability of large areas of uncultivated land in the Russian Far East (RFE) and the close proximity of millions of skilled, landless farmers in northeastern China has created an opportunity for cooperation in developing the eastern frontier of Russia with Chinese technology. Some Russian scientists claim that there is no advanced technology used in Chinese cultivation. Chinese scientists believe that Russian agricultural technology and genetic seed development stopped in the 1960s. Until now, no economic research has been conducted to determine empirically whether technology transfer is feasible. We applied an econometric model to analyze whether Chinese farmers in the RFE have transferred knowledge of leading plant cultivation methods. We find some evidence of improved yields among Russian farmers who communicate with Chinese farmers in the RFE, strongly suggesting that informal technology transfer is taking place.
Political Determinants of Economic Exchange: Evidence from a Business Experiment in Senegal
Authors: Bhandari Abhit 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEconomic growth requires confidence in the state's ability to enforce secure exchange. But when states selectively enforce rule of law, political considerations can moderate the trust that buyers have in sellers. I argue that political connections produce moral hazard in exchange because they introduce biases in expectations of judicial enforcement. Buyers avoid trade with politically connected sellers, and, in this context of unequal enforcement, formal contracts disproportionately protect politically connected buyers. To examine these features of connections and contracts, I created a sales business in Senegal and randomized whether employees signaled political connections and/or offered formal contracts during transactions. The results show that political connections decreased buyers' willingness to exchange. Formal contracts increased exchange, though primarily for connected buyers. These findings show that asymmetric political connections can impede daily trade and intensify economic inequalities in developing contexts, while simultaneously demonstrating the limits of state institutions for mitigating politically driven moral hazard.
Overview of oral tolerance induction for prevention of food allergy—Where are we now?
Authors: Krawiec Marta , Fisher Helen R. , Du Toit George , Bahnson Henry T. , Lack Gideon 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOral tolerance induction through early introduction of allergenic food has proven effective in randomized controlled trials. This new approach to weaning has been incorporated into many national and international infants’ feeding guidelines. However, there are questions that require further discussion, such as, which foods should be introduced early, should the intervention be targeted to infants at high‐risk or to the general population, and what is the ideal timing for early food introduction. This review examines the extent to which recent trials address these critical questions and highlights areas where further research is required.
Pertussis in infants in Nordic countries
Authors: Bhavsar Amit , Mertsola Jussi , Poulsen Anja , Silfverdal Sven‐Arne 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimA life‐course immunisation approach is required to prevent and control pertussis. We aimed at reviewing pertussis incidence among infants in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden, and at putting these data in the context of national surveillance systems and vaccination schedules.MethodsWe collected 2014–2018 data on pertussis incidence, on pertussis vaccination schedules and on coverage of the third dose of the diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid and acellular pertussis vaccine from publicly available sources. We gathered opinions on national surveillance systems from public health and paediatrics experts of the relevant countries.ResultsThe pertussis vaccination schedules and coverage in infancy were similar across countries. All countries except Denmark recommended an additional booster vaccine dose for adolescents. None of the countries had maternal immunisation recommendation. Mean pertussis incidence in Denmark, Sweden and Finland was 168, 76 and 35 per 100,000 infant‐years, respectively. Data were insufficient to derive a mean incidence in Norway. There were no systematic differences in the national surveillance systems across the countries.ConclusionThe higher mean pertussis incidence in Denmark may be explained by the lack of recommendations for adolescent pertussis booster vaccination. Further investigations are warranted.
Duration of mechanical ventilation and prediction of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and home oxygen in extremely preterm infants
Authors: Dassios Theodore , Williams Emma E. , Hickey Ann , Greenough Anne 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimTo determine whether the duration of invasive ventilation predicted the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and need for discharge home on supplementary oxygen in extremely preterm infants.MethodsRetrospective whole‐population study of all infants <28 weeks of gestation admitted to a neonatal unit in England between 2014 and 2018. BPD development was defined as any respiratory support at 36 weeks postmenstrual age. The performance of the duration of mechanical ventilation to predict BPD or discharge home on oxygen was assessed by receiver operator characteristic curve analysis.ResultsThe 11,806 infants had a median (IQR) gestational age of 26.0(24.9–27.1) weeks and birthweight of 0.81(0.67–0.96) kg. At discharge from neonatal care, 9,415 infants (79.7%) were alive. The incidence of BPD was 57.5% and of home oxygen 29.4%. Mechanical ventilation duration had areas under the curve of 0.793 and 0.703 in predicting BPD and home oxygen, respectively. Mechanical ventilation for >8 days predicted BPD development with 71% sensitivity and 71% specificity and mechanical ventilation for >10 days predicted discharge on home oxygen with 66% sensitivity and 65% specificity.ConclusionIn extremely preterm infants, the duration of invasive support predicted BPD and need for home oxygen with moderate sensitivity and specificity.
The validity of the Language Environment Analysis system in two neonatal intensive care units
Authors: Ståhlberg‐Forsén Eva , Aija Anette , Kaasik Birgit , Latva Reija , Ahlqvist‐Björkroth Sari , Toome Liis , Lehtonen Liisa , Stolt Suvi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the validity of the Language Environment Analysis (LENA) system's automatic measures in two neonatal intensive care units supporting parent‐infant closeness, and in two Finno‐Ugric languages: Finnish and Estonian.MethodsThe sound environment of 70 very preterm infants was recorded for 16 h in the neonatal intensive care units with the LENA system roughly at the gestational age of 32 (+2) weeks. Of these, the recordings of 14 infants (20%, two 5‐min samples with a high percentage of speech, totally 140 min) were analysed in detail and in two different ways. Parental closeness diaries were used to document the presence of the parents. Agreements between LENA system and human coder estimates were analysed.ResultsFindings showed a high variation in agreements. The highest agreements were found in female and adult word counts (r = 0.91 and 0.95). The agreements for child vocalisation count, conversational turns and silence were modest or low (r = −0.03 to 0.64).ConclusionOur study provides novel information on the validity of the LENA system in the neonatal intensive care unit. Findings show that the LENA system provides valid information on adult words, but LENA estimates for child vocalisations were less valid at this early age.
Mitochondrial dysfunction in fatal ventricular arrhythmias
Authors: Wongtanasarasin Wachira , Siri‐Angkul Natthaphat , Wittayachamnankul Borwon , Chattipakorn Siriporn C. , Chattipakorn Nipon 
Published: February 2021

AbstractVentricular fibrillation (VF) and sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) remain some of the most important public health concerns worldwide. For the past 50 years, the recommendation in the Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) guidelines has been that defibrillation is the only option for shockable cardiac arrest. There is growing evidence to demonstrate that mitochondria play a vital role in the outcome of postresuscitation cardiac function. Although targeting mitochondria to improve resuscitation outcome following cardiac arrest has been proposed for many years, understanding concerning the changes in mitochondria during cardiac arrest, especially in the case of VF, is still limited. In addition, despite new research initiatives and improved medical technology, the overall survival rates of patients with SCA still remain the same. Understanding cardiac mitochondrial alterations during fatal arrhythmias may help to enable the formulation of strategies to improve the outcomes of resuscitation. The attenuation of cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction during VF through pharmacological intervention as well as ischaemic postconditioning could also be a promising target for intervention and inform a new paradigm of treatments. In this review, the existing evidence available from in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo studies regarding the roles of mitochondrial dysfunction during VF is comprehensively summarized and discussed. In addition, the effects of interventions targeting cardiac mitochondria during fatal ventricular arrhythmias are presented. Since there are no clinical reports from studies targeting mitochondria to improve resuscitation outcome available, this review will provide important information to encourage further investigations in a clinical setting.
Carcass characteristics and meat quality of lambs fed with cassava foliage hay and spineless cactus
Authors: Lima Amanda Silva de , Silva José Fábio dos Santos , Souza Mariah Tenório de Carvalho , Vieira Marianna Suellen Bispo , Praxedes Raniallef França , Ribeiro Julimar do Sacramento , Cardoso Daniel Barros , Rangel Adriano Henrique do Nascimento , Carvalho Francisco Fernando Ramos de , Lima Júnior Dorgival Morais de 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the total or partial replacement of Tifton 85 hay (TH) by cassava foliage hay (CH) and/or spineless cactus (SC) on the carcass characteristics and meat quality of confined lambs. Thirty‐five Dorper x Santa Inês crossbred lambs were used, with an initial average weight of 16.0 ± 1.9 kg, fed with five treatment diets: 70% TH, 70% CH, 35% TH + 35% CH, 35% TH + 35% SC, and 35% CH + 35% SC. After 90 days of confinement, the animals were slaughtered and the carcass and meat data were compared using the Tukey test at 5%. The partial replacement of TH by SC increased the cold carcass weight by 3.9 kg (p < .05). The proportion of fat (%) increased (p < .05) when TH was replaced by CH + SC. The intensity of red (a*) was lower (p < .05) in the meat of animals fed with CH or CH + SC. It is recommended to partially replace TH with SC, or to replace totally with CH in association with SC.
Coastal reclamation and Balinese identity
Authors: Tans Ryan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe proposed reclamation of Benoa Bay triggered huge demonstrations that rejected the project in the name of Balinese identity. Yet, the politicization of identity seems ill‐suited to an anti‐reclamation movement, because the location‐specific costs of reclamation encourage local, not regional, resistance. The politicization of identity likewise has few precedents in Bali's own history, where politics usually revolves around class, caste, and region. This article explains this divergent outcome with reference to the specific social and institutional context of opposition to reclamation. Specifically, the anti‐reclamation movement embraced Balinese identity as a motivating principle because identity provided the only means to mobilize cross‐class protests large enough to block the project. Using the Bali Post archive and primary sources, the article shows that leaders of the opposition constructed reclamation as a threat to Balinese identity only after parochial, region‐specific efforts failed to block the project.
Social norms in adolescent risk engagement and recommendation
Authors: Ciranka Simon , van den Bos Wouter 
Published: February 2021

Social influence is an important determinant of adolescent risk‐taking, but little is known about how social norms contribute to adolescents’ tendency to recommend and engage in risky behaviours. Using the Adolescent Risk‐taking Questionnaire, we assessed subjects’ (n = 198, age = 10–26) propensity to engage in and recommend risk‐taking as well as their perception of risk norms. Adolescents recommended risk‐taking more often compared to children and young adults. Perceived social norms were the most important factor predicting engagement in risky behaviours, and adolescents perceived risk‐taking to be more normative than children or adults. Our findings highlight two mechanisms that contribute to adolescent risk‐taking, active recommendation and perceived social norms. On this basis, we discuss potential means to attenuate excessive adolescent risk‐taking.
Recency of immigration and utilization of dental care services in Canada
Authors: Okechukwu Chidubem Ekpereamaka , Ells Carolyn , Newbold Kenneth Bruce , Joe‐Ikechebelu Ngozi , Manneh Balanding 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the association between recency of immigration to Canada and the utilization of dental health services.MethodsThe cross‐sectional study sample (n = 2137) was drawn from the 2015‐2016 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). It consisted of Canadian residents aged 12 years and older who resided in the two provinces and one territory who opted into the optional dental module and gave valid responses to the questions ‘How often do you usually see a dental professional, such as a dentist, a dental hygienist or a denturologist?’ and ‘Length of time since immigration to Canada?’ for the outcome and independent variable, respectively. Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyse the data, and all statistics were weighted using sampling weights provided by Statistics Canada.ResultsThe adjusted odds ratios were lower for recent immigrants than for established immigrants and for visits more than once per year (OR = 0.35; 95% CI 0.14, 0.92), about once per year (OR = 0.34; 95% CI 0.13, 0.90) and for less than once per year (OR = 0.22; 95% CI 0.07, 0.64) than for those who never visited a dental professional. Recent immigrants, males, individuals aged 70 years or more and those with a low household income were less likely to visit a dental professional than established immigrants, females, younger age groups or those with higher incomes.ConclusionBetter policies are needed to address the dental health concerns of recent immigrants who may suffer from poorer dental health, to ensure that they receive the care they require.