bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Collaborative Murder Learning Model on Cognitive Ability and Learning Motivation
Authors: Ratnasari Jujun 
Published: January 2021

Research with this quasi-experimental method aims to determine the influence of collaborative learning models of Mood, Understand, Recall, Detect, Elaborate, and Review (MURDER) on the cognitive abilities and motivational learning of learners. The instrument used to measure the cognitive abilities in the form of written tests refers to the Bloom's taxonomy, while the instrument for measuring learning motivation are motivation questionnaires. Learning cognitive ability data in the form of increase in Pretest and Posttest i.e. the normalization Gain (N-Gain) tested statistically using Wilcoxon test. Wilcoxon test results at a significance level α = 0.05 with 95% confidence level indicates calculated W of 0, while the table W (0.05) (30) amounted to 137. It can be concluded that Ho is rejected meaning that the cognitive abilities in the experiment class and the control class differ significantly. Analysis of learning motivation data was taken from a questionnaire with a Likert scale 1-4. The results of the t test calculation at the significance level α = 0.05 95% confidence level showed calculated t of 0.75, and table t (0.975) (59) of 2,001. Because the t 0.975 (59) < t < t 0.975 (59), it can be concluded that Ho is accepted meaning there is no significant difference in students' learning motivation in the experimental class and the control class. In this study the MURDER collaborative learning model has an effect on cognitive ability, but does not affect learning motivation of students.
Global and local interference effects in ensemble encoding are best explained by interactions between summary representations of the mean and the range
Authors: Sama Marco A. , Srikanthan Dilakshan , Nestor Adrian , Cant Jonathan S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThrough ensemble encoding, the visual system compresses redundant statistical properties from multiple items into a single summary metric (e.g., average size). Numerous studies have shown that global summary information is extracted quickly, does not require access to single-item representations, and often interferes with reports of single items from the set. Yet a thorough understanding of ensemble processing would benefit from a more extensive investigation at the local level. Thus, the purpose of this study was to provide a more critical inspection of global-local processing in ensemble perception. Taking inspiration from Navon (Cognitive Psychology, 9(3), 353-383, 1977), we employed a novel paradigm that independently manipulates the degree of interference at the global (mean) or local (single item) level of the ensemble. Initial results were consistent with reciprocal interference between global and local ensemble processing. However, further testing revealed that local interference effects were better explained by interference from another summary statistic, the range of the set. Furthermore, participants were unable to disambiguate single items from the ensemble display from other items that were within the ensemble range but, critically, were not actually present in the ensemble. Thus, it appears that local item values are likely inferred based on their relationship to higher-order summary statistics such as the range and the mean. These results conflict with claims that local information is captured alongside global information in summary representations. In such studies, successful identification of set members was not compared with misidentification of items within the range, but which were nevertheless not presented within the set.
Modulation of early auditory processing by visual information: Prediction or bimodal integration?
Authors: Stuckenberg Maria V. , Schröger Erich , Widmann Andreas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWhat happens if a visual cue misleads auditory expectations? Previous studies revealed an early visuo–auditory incongruency effect, so-called incongruency response (IR) of the auditory event-related brain potential (ERP), occurring 100 ms after onset of the sound being incongruent to the preceding visual cue. So far, this effect has been ascribed to reflect the mismatch between auditory sensory expectation activated by visual predictive information and the actual sensory input. Thus, an IR should be confined to an asynchronous presentation of visual cue and sound. Alternatively, one could argue that frequently presented congruent visual-cue–sound combinations are integrated into a bimodal representation whereby violation of the visual–auditory relationship results in a bimodal feature mismatch (the IR should be obtained with asynchronous and with synchronous presentation). In an asynchronous condition, an either high-pitched or low-pitched sound was preceded by a visual note symbol presented above or below a fixation cross (90% congruent; 10% incongruent), while in a synchronous condition, both were presented simultaneously. High-pitched and low-pitched sounds were presented with different probabilities (83% vs. 17%) to form a strong association between bimodal stimuli. In both conditions, tones with pitch incongruent with the location of the note symbols elicited incongruency effects in the N2 and P3 ERPs; however, the IR was only elicited in the asynchronous condition. This finding supports the sensorial prediction error hypothesis stating that the amplitude of the auditory ERP 100 ms after sound onset is enhanced in response to unexpected compared with expected but otherwise identical sounds.
The analysis of the permeability process of calcium antagonists in developing transdermal forms with a cardiovascular effect
Authors: Shyteyeva Tatyana , Gubar Svitlana , Smielova Nataliia , Bezchasnyuk Elena , Budanova Liana 
Published: January 2021

Aim. The aim of the work was to evaluate the possibility of using calcium antagonists, namely, nifedipine and amlodipine besylate, while conducting transdermal delivery, that included the analysis of in vitro permeability process as a primary preformulation stage of pharmaceutical development of a transdermal dosage form, determination of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of a permeability process and the expediency analysis of development of a therapeutic transdermal system (TTS) with a cardiovascular effect.
Materials and methods. The active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) of nifedipine and amlodipine besylate. The study has been carried out in vitro by a dialysis method using a modified diffusion device of the Valia-Chien design.
Results. Character analysis, description of the mathematical model and definition of the kinetic parameters in the process of permeability of the studied medicinal products (MP) of nifedipine and amlodipine besylate allowed to evaluate their potential for creating TTS as being positive and appropriate. The implemented methodological approaches allow to substantiate the further algorithm for the development of cardiovascular TTS with the mentioned API.
Karl Kraus et le naturalisme
Authors: Le Rider Jacques 
Published: January 2021

Le rapport que Karl Kraus entretient avec le naturalisme est ambigu : s’il s’en prend à ce mouvement autant qu’au cercle de la « Jeune Vienne », il reste néanmoins un admirateur du Gerhart Hauptmann d’Avant l’aube et des Tisserands. La fidélité de Kraus envers Hauptmann résiste même à l’épreuve de la Grande Guerre et des écrits nationalistes et bellicistes du dramaturge allemand, car Kraus la limite « à la jeunesse révolutionnaire » de l’auteur. Cet attachement au Gerhart Hauptmann des années 1890 ne signifie cependant pas un rattachement de Kraus au naturalisme. Dès les premiers numéros de Die Fackel, Kraus ne rate pas une occasion de critiquer le théâtre naturaliste, notamment tel qu’il a été pratiqué sur les scènes berlinoises. À Zola, il reproche de renoncer à l’autonomie esthétique de l’œuvre et considère que son écriture serait contaminée par le journalisme, bête noire, comme l’on sait, de Kraus. À cette réticence esthétique s’ajoute sa méfiance pour les dreyfusards, notamment à cause de la manière dont la presse libérale a relaté et instrumentalisé l’Affaire. Par ailleurs, l’animosité de Kraus envers Theodor Herzl, dont le drame Das neue Ghetto (Le Nouveau Ghetto) porte des traces de l’influence naturaliste, notamment de Germinal, explique également son attitude ; irrité aussi par les jugements à l’emporte-pièce de Hermann Bahr, Kraus érige Frank Wedekind en contre-modèle en deçà et au-delà du naturalisme.
Le dilemme des déterminants. La réception du naturalisme de Zola par Hermann Broch et George Saiko et leur « naturalisme élargi »
Authors: Müller Sabine 
Published: January 2021

Cet article est consacré à deux écrivains autrichiens dont l’intérêt pour le naturalisme se manifeste à un moment où même sa critique par les tenants de la modernité viennoise appartient déjà au passé. Les deux auteurs profitent de ce décalage temporel pour pratiquer, sous le signe d’un « naturalisme élargi » (Broch), une poétique néo-naturaliste originale. L’article vise à reconstruire deux aspects qui ont particulièrement marqué leur stratégie littéraire. D’une part, il montre dans quelle mesure il s’agit là d’un positionnement à l’intérieur du champ littéraire contemporain, dans lequel différentes positions liées à la réception du naturalisme se font concurrence ; d’autre part, prenant en compte particulièrement la réception de Zola par Broch, il défend l’idée que le développement de ce nouveau positionnement exige des auteurs de relever un défi. Car ils sont confrontés à un dilemme constitué, d’un côté, par le maintien du présupposé naturaliste que des conditions extérieures déterminent le sujet, et, de l’autre, par l’attractivité de procédés littéraires bien établis depuis peu, comme la narration scénique, mettant l’accent sur des déterminants intérieurs, psychiques. Ils essaient de s’en sortir par des solutions qui, d’une manière signifiante, divergent aussi bien dans la théorie que dans la pratique.
« Die Erstaufführung einer tschechischnationalen Oper ». Jenůfa à Vienne
Authors: Vassogne Gaëlle 
Published: January 2021

L’opéra de Leoš Janácek, Jenůfa, représenté pour la première fois à Brno en 1904, dut patienter douze ans avant d’avoir les honneurs du Théâtre national tchèque de Prague : amis et admirateurs du compositeur parvinrent à vaincre la résistance du chef d’orchestre Karel Kovařovic. Le succès pragois et la recension publiée en Allemagne par Max Brod permirent à Janáček de signer un contrat avec Universal Verlag pour éditer la partition en allemand. Son directeur s’employa, avec succès, à faire représenter Jenůfa sur la scène du Hofoper de Vienne. Mais la date de la première, en février 1918, valut à l’opéra de se trouver au beau milieu d’une crise politique opposant nationalistes tchèques et allemands. Pouvait-on tolérer, durant la première guerre mondiale, la représentation, dans la Vienne allemande, d’un « opéra nationaliste tchèque » ? Son succès s’expliquait-il par une réelle qualité artistique ou n’était-il qu’une arme politique et le symptôme de tensions politiques insolubles ?
« Archaïscher Torso Apollos » (Torse archaïque d’Apollon) : un poème intraduisible ?
Authors: Macher Daniel 
Published: January 2021

À partir de l’étude du poème « Archaïscher Torso Apollos », cette contribution propose une réflexion sur la langue poétique de Rilke, sur sa stratification étymologique et sémantique, ainsi qu’une réflexion sur la possibilité ou l’impossibilité de la traduire. En s’appuyant sur les termes Bug et Sturz, plus énigmatiques et riches qu’il n’y paraît au premier abord, l’article revient sur les choix opérés par six traducteurs francophones différents, et montre comment traduction et interprétation s’interpénètrent. Une traduction raisonnée de ces deux termes fait en effet ressortir avec netteté une vision de l’œuvre d’art plastique qui va dans le sens d’une poétique de la surface, conforme à la vision rilkéenne. Une dernière traduction du poème, qui tient compte des éléments sémantiques ici dégagés, vient clore le propos.
Cutting Edge: Hypoxia-Induced Ubc9 Promoter Hypermethylation Regulates IL-17 Expression in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Kumar Ritesh , Singh Amir Kumar , Starokadomskyy Petro , Luo Weibo , Theiss Arianne L. , Burstein Ezra , Venuprasad K. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Dysregulated IL-17 expression is central to the pathogenesis of several inflammatory disorders, including ulcerative colitis. We have shown earlier that SUMOylation of ROR-γt, the transcription factor for IL-17, regulates colonic inflammation. In this study, we show that the expression of Ubc9, the E2 enzyme that targets ROR-γt for SUMOylation, is significantly reduced in the colonic mucosa of ulcerative colitis patients. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) binds to a CpG island within the Ubc9 gene promoter, resulting in its hypermethylation and reduced Ubc9 expression. CRISPR–Cas9-mediated inhibition of HIF-1α normalized Ubc9 and attenuated IL-17 expression in Th17 cells and reduced diseases severity in Rag1−/− mice upon adoptive transfer. Collectively, our study reveals a novel epigenetic mechanism of regulation of ROR-γt that could be exploited in inflammatory diseases.
IL-38 Ablation Reduces Local Inflammation and Disease Severity in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Huard Arnaud , Do Hoai Nam , Frank Ann-Christin , Sirait-Fischer Evelyn , Fuhrmann Dominik , Hofmann Martine Catharina Josephine , Raue Rebecca , Palmer Gaby , Brüne Bernhard , de Bruin Natasja , Weigert Andreas 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
IL-38 is an IL-1 family receptor antagonist that restricts IL-17–driven inflammation by limiting cytokine production from macrophages and T cells. In the current study, we aimed to explore its role in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice, which is, among others, driven by IL-17. Unexpectedly, IL-38–deficient mice showed strongly reduced clinical scores and histological markers of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. This was accompanied by reduced inflammatory cell infiltrates, including macrophages and T cells, as well as reduced expression of inflammatory markers in the spinal cord. IL-38 was highly expressed by infiltrating macrophages in the spinal cord, and in vitro activated IL-38–deficient bone marrow–derived macrophages showed reduced expression of inflammatory markers, accompanied by altered cellular metabolism. These data suggest an alternative cell-intrinsic role of IL-38 to promote inflammation in the CNS.
The Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on the Preventive Services in Qatar
Authors: Al-Kuwari Mohamed Ghaith , Abdulmalik Mariam Ali , Al-Mudahka Hamad Rashid , Bakri Ahmad Haj , Al-Baker Wadha Ahmed , Abushaikha Shaikha Sami , Kandy Mujeeb Chettiyam , Gibb John 
Published: January 2021

Background In March 2020, Qatar started reporting increased numbers of COVID-19 cases. At that stage, containment measures were put in place. The health authority in Qatar developed an emergency action plan to respond to the outbreak with the Primary Health Care as the main component of that response and suspended all non-urgent services including preventive health services. The aim of the retrospective analysis to measure the Impact of COVID-19 on the preventive services provided in Qatar. Methods A retrospective data analysis was conducted for all the preventive services utilization volume across the 27 PHCC health centres from the 1st of January 2017 to the 31st of July 2020. Results With 17,012 no-show appointments, well-baby and Immunization services utilization demonstrated a reduction of 40% in May and started to come back to volumes higher than expected in June. The breast cancer and colorectal cancer screening programmes expected volumes demand has dropped by 100% in comparison to 2017 demand due to their respective appointments’ cancelation. Wellness services only met 20% of its projected utilization in April, however, the services picked up in June. Conclusion These findings will guide the public health policymakers to understand the effects COVID-19 on preventive services and the risk of having an increased number of outbreaks for childhood communicable disease, cancer cases with delayed diagnosis due to the screening services suspension. In addition, the plan will address the increased number of sedately behaviour due to the service's reduced utilization of wellness services.
Performance of Deep Transfer Learning for Detecting Abnormal Fundus Images
Authors: Yu Yan , Chen Xiao , Zhu XiangBing , Zhang PengFei , Hou YinFen , Zhang RongRong , Wu ChangFan 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
To develop and validate a deep transfer learning (DTL) algorithm for detecting abnormalities in fundus images from non-mydriatic fundus photography examinations.

Methods:
A total of 1295 fundus images were collected to develop and validate a DTL algorithm for detecting abnormal fundus images. After removing 366 poor images, the DTL model was developed using 929 (370 normal and 559 abnormal) fundus images. Data preprocessing was performed to normalize the images. The inception-ResNet-v2 architecture was applied to achieve transfer learning. We tested our model using a subset of the publicly available Messidor dataset (using 366 images) and evaluated the testing performance of the DTL model for detecting abnormal fundus images.

Results:
In the internal validation dataset (n = 273 images), the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, accuracy, and specificity of DTL for correctly classified fundus images were 0.997%, 97.41%, 97.07%, and 96.82%, respectively. For the test dataset (n = 273 images), the AUC, sensitivity, accuracy, and specificity of the DTL for correctly classifying fundus images were 0.926%, 88.17%, 87.18%, and 86.67%, respectively.

Conclusion:
DTL showed high sensitivity and specificity for detecting abnormal fundus-related diseases. Further research is necessary to improve this method and evaluate the applicability of DTL in community health-care centers.
Prevalence of Refractive Error and Visual Impairment among Rural Dwellers in Mashonaland Central Province, Zimbabwe
Authors: Tagoh Selassie , Kyei Samuel , Kwarteng Michael Agyemang , Aboagye Evans 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
To determine the prevalence of refractive error and visual impairment in a rural population of Zimbabwe.

Methods:
This community-based, cross-sectional study used a multi-stage sampling to select the participants from households in four communities within three rural districts in Mashonaland Central Province. Participants' demographic data were collated, and their presenting visual acuity (VA) was measured using the logMAR E chart. Clinical refraction was preceded by an anterior segment and posterior segment eye examinations. Visual impairment was defined as presenting VA worse than 6/12 (0.3 logMAR) in the better eye. Descriptive statistics were presented as frequencies.

Results:
A total of 519 participants were involved in this study. Their ages ranged from 5 to 100 years (mean age = 50.94; standard deviation ± 21.12 years). Out of the 519 participants, 233 (44.9%) were male, and 286 (55.1%) were female. The prevalence of visual impairment was 56.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 55.7–67.2), and blindness was 13.1% (95% CI: 11.2–17.6). The prevalence of near visual impairment based on presenting near VA (N = 408) was 78.6% (95% CI: 78.1–85.4). The two most common causes of visual impairment were uncorrected refractive errors (UREs) (54.2%) and cataract (24.8%). The most common cause of blindness was cataract (41.2%). Hypermetropia (56.9%) was the most common refractive error.

Conclusions:
A high burden of visual impairment due to UREs and cataracts was observed among the rural dwellers of Zimbabwe. Public health education, access to refractive error services, and cataract surgery are necessary to mitigate this high burden of visual impairment.
Re-Endothelialization of Bare Stroma after Descemet's Detachment Due to Macroperforation During Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty
Authors: Ashena Zahra , Nanavaty Mayank A 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
To report a case with spontaneous re-endothelialization of bare stroma after subtotal detachment of Descemet's membrane (DM) due to macroperforation during deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK).

Methods:
Case report.

Results:
A 64-year-old patient underwent DALK for deep stromal scarring secondary to herpetic keratitis. During manual dissection, DM macroperforation occurred, and this was successfully managed intraoperatively and postoperatively. The DM with host posterior stroma remained attached for 10 months when it detached from the bare donor stroma. The cornea remained clear, with uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCVA) of 0.17 logMAR. After graft suture removal 30 months later, he was noted to have regular astigmatism and cataract for which he underwent phacoemulsification with toric intraocular lens implantation. Twenty-four months following his cataract surgery and 58 months following his DALK, his UCVA remains 0.17 logMAR and the cornea remains clear with no evidence of edema. His average specular count at 58 months was 1296 cell/mm2.

Conclusion:
This case shows a very good visual outcome with clear cornea at 58 months despite of large DM detachment which happened 10 months following manual DALK with intraoperative macroperforation.
Long-Term Intraocular Pressure Changes after Pars Plana Vitrectomy
Authors: Omidtabrizi Arash , Ghavami Vahid , Shafiee Masoud , Bayani Razieh , Banaee Touka 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
To investigate the long-term changes of intraocular pressure (IOP) after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV).

Methods:
This was a retrospective historical cohort study. Patients with a history of vitrectomy in one eye by a single surgeon were enrolled. IOP of the operated eye was compared to the fellow eye. Previous scleral buckling, IOP rise due to surgical/anatomic complications, silicone oil (SO) emulsification, and contralateral ocular hypertension/glaucoma at recruitment were exclusion criteria. “Significant IOP rise” (>6.0 mmHg) and development of open angle glaucoma (OAG) were the main outcome measures.

Results:
Two hundred and twenty-five eyes were included. Mean and median follow-up duration were 20.6 and 9.0 months, respectively. Mean baseline IOP and mean final IOP were 13.53 ± 3.75 mmHg and 16.52 ± 6.95 mmHg, respectively (P < 0.001). Forty-three patients developed “significant IOP rise” with no statistically significant relation to the indication of vitrectomy, the postoperative lens status, and number of vitrectomies (P = 0.410,P= 0.900, andP= 0.160, respectively). SO injection raised the probability of IOP rise in the long-term (P = 0.028). OAG occurred in 17 patients (7.5%) with no association to SO tamponade (P = 0.840). “Significant IOP rise” and OAG occurred in 3 and 1 control eyes, respectively, significantly lower than the rates in study eyes (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Mean IOP slightly rose in the long-term after PPV. SO tamponade was associated with IOP rise in the long-term but not with the incidence of OAG. Both IOP rise and OAG were more probable after vitrectomy.