bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enamel demineralization model in primary teeth: Micro‐CT and SEM assessments of artificial incipient lesion
Authors: González‐Sotelo Arlete , Contreras‐Bulnes Rosalía , Rodríguez‐Vilchis Laura E. , Moyaho‐Bernal Maria de los Angeles , Rubio‐Rosas Efraín , Cerna‐Cortez Jorge R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMany studies have analyzed different tooth demineralization models, which generate artificial incipient lesions; however, most of them are complex, slow, not clear and results could not be employed in both primary and permanent teeth because of chemical content differences among them. This study evaluates a demineralization model on primary enamel, under three incubation periods; quantifying artificial incipient lesions formation, and depth by micro‐CT, complementing with SEM for morphological characterization. Sixteen healthy human anterior primary teeth extracted for prolonged retention and orthopedic/orthodontic reasons were included in this study, previous informed consent. The sample was randomly assigned to four groups n = 4: G_Control, G_2D, G_4D, and G_7D. Micro‐CT and SEM were performed during two stages: before demineralization (BD) and after demineralization (AD). A t‐student test was carried out to determine differences among groups (p ≤ .05). No incipient lesions were observed in control group. Artificial lesion depth was similar among experimental groups; values were from 38.16 ± 05.40 μm to 42.61 ± 04.75 μm. An amount of 14 to 17 artificial incipient lesions were formed per group, the extension and distribution were different for each incubation period. Five erosive lesions were produced in G_7D. All experimental groups were able to form incipient artificial lesions in primary enamel. SEM characterization revealed more pronounced changes on the enamel surface, as the days of immersion in the demineralization solution increased. The 4‐day incubation period is the most recommended for the demineralization model, due to the formation of incipient lesions only and its extension, which facilitates their assessment.
Stress response of police officers during COVID‐19: A moderated mediation model
Authors: Jiang Qi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, police officers have been at the frontline of danger. Their mental health should arouse the attention of society. To test the relationship between the psychological support they received and their stress response, the present study built a moderated mediation model to examine this and the effects of underlying mechanisms. A total of 553 Chinese police officers participated in this study; four scales were measured by standardised questionnaires (Emotional Identity of Profession Scale; DSM‐5 Self‐Rated Level 1 Cross‐Cutting Symptom Measure‐Adult; Psychological Support Scale; Active Work Adaptation Scale). Stress response was negatively correlated with psychological support, emotional identity of profession and active work adaptation. Psychological support, emotional identity of profession and active work adaptation were all positively correlated. Psychological support had a negative direct effect on stress response, and emotional identity of profession's mediating effect was distinct and was moderated by active work adaptation.
Large‐scale synoptic atmospheric moisture circulation patterns associated with variability of daily precipitation overEast China
Authors: Liu Bingjun , Chen Shiling , Tan Xuezhi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study identifies the variability of large‐scale atmospheric patterns (LSMPs) and atmospheric moisture circulation patterns associated with the variability of daily precipitation over East China using the self‐organizing maps (SOM) method. The spatiotemporal characteristics of the occurrence and intensity of daily precipitation were linked with the variabilities of LSMPs. Results show that the synoptic moisture transport over East China in both dry season and rainy season can be classified into eight patterns, and the occurrence frequency and primary occurring months of the eight patterns are varied. In the dry season, the wetter pattern (the drier pattern) exhibits a significant decreasing (increasing) trend with a slope of −0.23 (0.63)% year−1at the confidence level of 0.95 during 1979–2018. The LSMPs corresponding to each atmospheric moisture circulation pattern, including the composite mean values of vertically integrated water vapour transport fields, 500 hPa geopotential height (Z500) anomalies and sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) in surrounding oceans, indicate that the primary oceanic moisture source of the dry season is western North Pacific (WNP), while that of the rainy season is WNP and the Indian Ocean. The location and intensity variabilities of subtropical high affect the transport and amount of water vapour along with its western flank to arrive in East China. SSTA has an influential link with the regional circulations and convection activity, and thus plays an important role in affecting water vapour transport.
Quantitative study of the interannual variability of South Asian summer monsoon rainfall regulated by SST
Authors: Cai Fenying , Yang Song , Wang Ziqian , Hua Wei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMost of the rainfall over South Asia occurs from June to September, and its variation is strongly related to the fluctuation of sea surface temperature (SST) on a global scale. In this study, we investigate how and to what degree the interannual variance (IAV) of South Asian summer monsoon (SASM) rainfall is regulated by SST anomalies through comparing the multi‐model simulations forced by observed interannual SST variation and climatological SST just with annual cycle. Results indicate that the interannual change in global SST can explain nearly 50% of the IAV of SASM rainfall, in which dynamic process (via atmospheric circulation), instead of thermodynamic process (via water‐vapour effect), plays a dominated role. SST influences the IAV of SASM rainfall mainly through changing the lower‐ and upper‐level atmospheric circulations, namely, the large‐scale vertical wind shears. Additional sensitivity experiments with the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model show that the effect of tropical Pacific SST (~24.0%) is more important than that of tropical Indian Ocean SST (~15.3%) on regulating the IAV of SASM rainfall.
Laser‐induced phonon and magnon properties of NiO nanoparticles: A Raman study
Authors: Sunny Anoop , Balasubramanian Karthikeyan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the present study, the influence of laser intensity on phonon and magnon properties of nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles were extensively studied using room temperature Raman spectroscopy. The required NiO nanoparticles were synthesized using a simple sol–gel method. The structural and morphological properties were characterized using powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The rarely reported surface optical (SO) phonon modes of NiO nanoparticles were observed and well‐studied using the dielectric continuum (DC) model. A mismatch between the experimental and DC model SO phonon wavenumbers were observed and is attributed to one magnon‐induced first order phonon shift. The difference between the experimental and DC model SO phonon wavenumbers were reduced with increase in laser power, which indicates the diminishing behavior of magnon excitations. The laser power dependency of highly distinguishable two magnon (2 M) excitation of NiO nanoparticles were well studied. The 2 M modes were experienced a red shift and decrease in intensity with increase in laser power.
Preliminary study on the identification of synthetic cathinones in street seized samples by Raman spectroscopy and chemometrics
Authors: Braz André , Santos Silva Carolina , Peixoto Ana Christina , Pimentel Maria Fernanda , Pereira Goreti , Caixeta Castro Souza Braga Patrícia , Martini André Luiz , Lino Fernandes Alcântara Thaynara 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSynthetic cathinones are new psychoactive substances that are a menace to public health worldwide and a real forensic challenge. Given the recent changes in the Brazilian legislation that bans the generic structure of these substances, the forensic workflow of drug analysis has the opportunity to speed up the arrests by in loco screening analysis. This preliminary study investigated the use of portable Raman spectrometer and chemometrics for fast, direct, and non‐destructive presumptive identification of three synthetic cathinones in seized packages and confirmatory analysis using FTIR. The 40 samples were analyzed directly and included three 3,4‐methylenodioxy substituted cathinones and other legal and illegal substances that were identified by two police forces in Brazil. Due to lack of reference Raman spectra, a purification step of the cathinone samples was performed. PCA showed that the spectral region 1,560–1750 cm−1 was the most important region for differentiating these types of cathinones from the other substances. MCR‐ALS was used to resolve the spectral mixture of signals from adulterants and identify the presence of cathinones in the seizures. The purified spectra were used as initial estimates. The concentration profiles for each component indicated significant contributions of two characteristic bands around 1,606 and 1,680 cm−1. Additionally, analysis of the optimized spectral profiles showed Raman shifts and differences in the relative intensity of those bands which allowed discrimination among the samples. Band attribution of infrared spectra confirmed the results obtained with screening method. The method proposed has potential for objective and contactless identification of seized synthetic cathinones.
Combining137Cs,210Pband dendrochronology for improved reconstruction of erosion–sedimentation events in a loess gully system (southern Poland)
Authors: Malik Ireneusz , Poręba Grzegorz , Wistuba Małgorzata , Woskowicz‐Ślęzak Beata 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDetailed knowledge on the past events of erosion and redeposition is necessary to assess the frequency and magnitude of soil degradation and to provide more complete data, among all, to calculate rainfall thresholds and to develop strategies for controlling erosion. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to obtain a more comprehensive and accurate reconstruction of erosion–sedimentation events in a gully system by combining analyses of137Cs and210Pb with dendrochronological dating in the same sediment profiles. We aimed to precisely determine the number and the age of erosion–sedimentation events, which led to the development of study deposits and to determine the type of erosion providing material for deposition in particular events. To this purpose, 136 soil samples and 62 roots and tree stems samples were collected in eight research profiles at the gully bottom. We compared the results obtained with the two methods. Isotope analysis allowed us to estimate more general age of sediments and the type of erosion that provided material for individual layers. Dendrochronology provided a more precise reconstruction of the age of soil degradation events. By combining both techniques, we determined rainfall events responsible for erosion and sedimentation in the studied gully since 1980s and a rainfall threshold of 60 mm day−1for soil erosion and redeposition in the study area.
Family accommodation in Chinese individuals with obsessive‐compulsive disorder
Authors: Lee Eric B. , Rufino Katrina A. , Cuenod Morgan M. , Zhang Chen C. , Gong Hengfen , Zhang Yingying , Jin Haiyan , Yang Yong , Li Bin , Luo Xiao , Liu Wenjuan , Fang Fang , Li Bin , Sun Xirong , Schneider Sophie C. , McIngvale Elizabeth , Goodman Wayne K. , Storch Eric A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFamily accommodation is a common, treatment‐relevant construct related to obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) severity and treatment outcome. This initial study examined the nature, incidence, and clinical correlates of family accommodation in Chinese adults with OCD and their relative or person in a close relationship. One hundred four outpatients diagnosed with OCD completed self‐report measures of obsessive‐compulsive, anxiety, and depression symptoms. Additionally, the individuals with OCD and a relative completed a measure of family accommodation and impairment. Patient‐reports of family accommodation were significantly correlated with OCD symptomology and severity. A multiple linear regression indicated that OCD symptomology was a significant predictor of family accommodation, but anxiety, stress, and depression were not. In addition, the current Chinese sample demonstrated greater levels of family accommodation than previous English‐speaking samples. Potential explanations and implications of the high levels of reported family accommodation are discussed. Family accommodation could play a significant role in OCD development and/or maintenance in China. Future research considerations are discussed.
Preserved and variable spatial‐chemical changes of lipids across tomato leaves in response to central vein wounding reveals potential origin of linolenic acid in signal transduction cascade
Authors: Veličković Dušan , Chu Rosalie K. , Henkel Corinna , Nyhuis Annika , Tao Nannan , Kyle Jennifer E. , Adkins Joshua N. , Anderton Christopher R. , Paurus Vanessa , Bloodsworth Kent , Bramer Lisa M. , Cornett Dale S. , Curtis Wayne R. , Burnum‐Johnson Kristin E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMembrane lipids serve as substrates for the generation of numerous signaling lipids when plants are exposed to environmental stresses, and jasmonic acid, an oxidized product of 18‐carbon unsaturated fatty acids (e.g., linolenic acid), has been recognized as the essential signal in wound‐induced gene expression. Yet, the contribution of individual membrane lipids in linolenic acid generation is ill‐defined. In this work, we performed spatial lipidomic experiments to track lipid changes that occur locally at the sight of leaf injury to better understand the potential origin of linolenic and linoleic acids from individual membrane lipids. The central veins of tomato leaflets were crushed using surgical forceps, leaves were cryosectioned and analyzed by two orthogonal matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging platforms for insight into lipid spatial distribution. Significant changes in lipid composition are only observed 30 min after wounding, while after 60 min lipidome homeostasis has been re‐established. Phosphatidylcholines exhibit a variable pattern of spatial behavior in individual plants. Among lysolipids, lysophosphatidylcholines strongly co‐localize with the injured zone of wounded leaflets, while, for example, lysophosphatidylglycerol (LPG) (16:1) accumulated preferentially toward the apex in the injured zone of wounded leaflets. In contrast, two other LPGs (LPG [18:3] and LPG [18:2]) are depleted in the injured zone. Our high‐resolution co‐localization imaging analyses suggest that linolenic acids are predominantly released from PCs with 16_18 fatty acid composition along the entire leaf, while it seems that in the apex zone PG (16:1_18:3) significantly contributes to the linolenic acid pool. These results also indicate distinct localization and/or substrate preferences of phospholipase isoforms in leaf tissue.
Anemia, nutrition, and ambulatory oxygen weaning in a cohort of oxygen‐dependent premature infants
Authors: Montealegre‐Pomar Adriana del Pilar , Charpak Nathalie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn Bogotá, Colombia, oxygen‐dependent (OD) preterm infants are home discharged in Kangaroo Position, to a Kangaroo Mother Care Program (KMCP) with ambulatory oxygen, strict follow‐up, and oxygen weaning protocols.Objectives(1) To describe growth, morbimortality, and oxygen monitoring up to 6 months in OD preterm infants. (2) To explore associations between oxygen weaning, perinatal history, Hb levels, transfusions, feeding patterns, and growth.MethodsA prospective cohort study. Descriptive and multivariate analysis.ResultsRecruited patients were 407 with 33 weeks median gestational age (GA). Mothers presented infections >28%, pre‐eclampsia in 22%, and 80% received antenatal corticosteroids. Upon KMCP admission, median GA, chronological age, and hospital stay were 36 weeks, 21 and 17 days, respectively; 56.8% of patients had neonatal sepsis and 67.8% were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. At oxygen weaning, patients had a median of 54 days with oxygen, median weight 3240 g and GA 41 weeks. Median follow‐up oxygen saturation was 94% with 1/64–1/2 L/min of oxygen. One‐year mortality was 0.2% and attrition 20%. At 6 months, all patients had appropriate growth and 67% were breastfeeding. Multiple regression analysis showed that higher GA, Hb levels, weight gain, and exclusive breastfeeding decreased oxygen requirement while invasive ventilation and transfusions had the opposite effect (R2 = .49).ConclusionsIn OD preterm infants, there is a close relationship between days of oxygen requirement and GA, mechanical ventilation, Hb levels at discharge, transfusions, exclusive breastfeeding, and weight gain. Strict monitoring with established protocols in an ambulatory KMCP allows adequate growth and safe oxygen weaning.
Assessment of convection‐permitting versions of the Unified Model over the Lake Victoria basin region
Authors: Hanley Kirsty E. , Pirret Jennifer S. R. , Bain Caroline L. , Hartley Andrew J. , Lean Humphrey W. , Webster Stuart , Woodhams Beth J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Met Office runs an operational high‐resolution convection‐permitting model over Tropical Africa to support National Meteorological Services across the continent. This article evaluates the prediction of convective storms in two convection‐permitting versions of the Met Office Unified Model over the Lake Victoria basin region in East Africa. Two model configurations are compared for a case of severe convection: the first was tuned for tropical regions and the second was based on the operational UK model configuration. The tropical configuration compares better with satellite‐derived rainfall observations in terms of domain‐average rain‐rate and the distribution of rain‐rates is better, particularly for the more intense rain‐rates. However, both configurations generally produce too much rain, too many small storms, and a lack of light rain, which is compensated for by heavy rain in the cores of the storms. The tropical configuration was then assessed over two rainy seasons. In both seasons, the onset time of night‐time precipitation over Lake Victoria is delayed and the amount of precipitation is underestimated, which suggests the model may miss night‐time storms that occur over the lake. During the first 12–24 hr of the simulations, the precipitation field is still spinning up from the lower‐resolution global model fields used to initialise the convection‐permitting model. This leads to large overestimates in the domain‐average precipitation during this period and highlights the need to run convection‐permitting models for at least two days to reduce the impact of cold‐starting from a non‐convective‐permitting analysis. Despite the spin‐up issues, fractions skill score analysis shows that forecast skill decreases with increasing lead time. This implies that there is inherent skill in the early stages of the model forecast and underlines that short‐term forecast (0–48 hr) improvements in the model are likely to be achieved when using an improved analysis for initialisation.
Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution study of 18 bioactive components in healthy and chronic heart failure rats after oral administration of Qi‐Shen‐Ke‐Li formula using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhou Hui , He Yang , Zheng Zhong , Xing Junpeng , Liu Zhiqiang , Pi Zifeng , Liu Shu 
Published: February 2021

RationaleQi‐Shen‐Ke‐Li (QSKL) is a traditional Chinese formula used in clinical practice to treat chronic heart failure (CHF) in humans. To rationalize the use of this formula in clinical practice, the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution in rats after oral administration of QSKL were investigated using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC/TQ‐MS).MethodsThe CHF model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of isoprenaline (ISO; also known as isoproterenol) and evaluated by HE staining and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) measurement. The UHPLC/TQ‐MS method was then applied to determine the concentrations of 18 bioactive components in rat plasma and tissues of heathy and CHF rats after oral administration of QSKL. This was followed by investigating the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution profiles of these bioactive compounds in the heathy and CHF rats.ResultsThe pharmacokinetics results showed that the duration time of two compounds was prolonged, the absorption rate of four compounds was accelerated, and the bioavailability of four compounds was increased in the CHF rats compared with the healthy rats. Meanwhile, the tissue distribution results showed that the QSKL formula could be distributed rapidly and widely in different rat tissues. The bioavailability of eight compounds in the liver was enhanced in CHF rats. This suggested that the drug/toxic effects should be considered in clinical practice, as drug–drug interactions might occur in liver metabolism during the drug combination.ConclusionsThe pharmacokinetic profiles and tissue distribution of 18 bioactive compounds in QSKL are altered by the CHF status. This study provides insight for better clinical applications of this formula in the future and lays the foundation for the development of a new drug for chronic heart failure based on the QSKL formula.
Mesenchymal stromal cell delivery via an ex vivo bioreactor preclinical test system attenuates clot formation for intravascular application
Authors: O'Rourke Brian , Nguyen Sunny , Tilles Arno W. , Bynum James A. , Cap Andrew P. , Parekkadan Biju , Barcia Rita N. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
While mesenchymal stromal cells are an appealing therapeutic option for a range of clinical applications, their potential to induce clotting when used systemically remains a safety concern, particularly in hypercoagulable conditions, such as in patients with severe COVID-19, trauma, or cancers. Here, we tested a novel preclinical approach aimed at improving the safety of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) systemic administration by use of a bioreactor. In this system, MSCs are seeded on the exterior of a hollow-fiber filter, sequestering them behind a hemocompatible semipermeable membrane with defined pore-size and permeability to allow for a molecularly defined cross talk between the therapeutic cells and the whole blood environment, including blood cells and signaling molecules. The potential for these bioreactor MSCs to induce clots in coagulable plasma was compared against directly injected “free” MSCs, a model of systemic administration. Our results showed that restricting MSCs exposure to plasma via a bioreactor extends the time necessary for clot formation to occur when compared with “free” MSCs. Measurement of cell surface data indicates the presence of known clot inducing factors, namely tissue factor and phosphatidylserine. Results also showed that recovering cells and flushing the bioreactor prior to use further prolonged clot formation time. Furthermore, application of this technology in two in vivo models did not require additional heparin in fully anticoagulated experimental animals to maintain target activated clotting time levels relative to heparin anticoagulated controls. Taken together the clinical use of bioreactor housed MSCs could offer a novel method to control systemic MSC exposure and prolong clot formation time.