bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidermal changes during tail regeneration in the Bahamas lancelet, Asymmetron lucayanum (Cephalochordata)
Authors: Holland Nicholas D. , Somorjai Ildiko M. L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe epidermis of a cephalochordate is described by scanning electron microscopy before tail amputation and at the following intervals thereafter: 1 day, 3 days, 6 days, 10 days and 14 days. Before amputation, the epidermis covering the entire body, including the tail, was a monolayer of non‐ciliated cells in a hexagonal array. In one‐day amputees, epidermal cells from the wound edge migrated, evidently by means of contractile lobopodia, forming a loosely associated monolayer on the cut surface. In the three‐day amputee, cells covering the regenerate had resumed their tight‐packed hexagonal array; however, in the six‐ and ten‐day samples, the cells covering the regenerating tail were loosely associated again and smaller than before. Surprisingly, in the same six‐ and ten‐day samples, the epidermal cells covering all body regions anterior to the regenerate had changed conspicuously—their apical cell membranes had shrunk, thereby opening up an intercellular gap, although the cells maintained their hexagonal shape and appeared to have the same neighbours as before. This gapped stage (of unknown significance) lasted about a week, after which the gaps closed up, and all the epidermal cells, including those on the regenerating tail, resumed their close association with their neighbours in a hexagonal grid.
Mental health of Italian adults during COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Amendola Simone , Spensieri Valentina , Hengartner Michael P. , Cerutti Rita 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesOn 31 January 2020, a new type of coronavirus was first confirmed in Italy and spread rapidly across the country leading to a national lockdown. The aim of this pilot study was to explore the impact of the public health emergency due to COVID‐19 on individual’s mental health among 299 Italian adults after a month of home isolation due to COVID‐19.DesignCross‐sectional study design. Adults of the general population were invited to a voluntary online health survey.MethodsHierarchical multiple regressions were used to examine diverse psycho‐social and stressful contextual factors associated with symptoms of psychopathology.ResultsResults indicated that females reported higher symptoms of depression, anxiety and circadian rhythm dysregulation, than males. Age and the capacity to adapt to a new environment and to cope with illness were negatively associated with all symptoms of psychopathology. Conversely, engaging in verbally aggressive behaviours and having experienced stressful events related to COVID‐19 were positively related to psychopathological symptoms. Finally, social support was negatively associated with depressive symptoms, and substance use during the past months was related to circadian rhythm dysregulation.ConclusionsThe findings of this study raise particular concern about psychological well‐being considering the negative associations between stressful events during the COVID‐19 pandemic, symptoms of psychological distress, and perceived social support. These results have possible significant clinical implications.
Introducing positive behaviour support (PBS) into disability services for successful adoption: A synthesised systematic review
Authors: Hayward Brent A. , Poed Shiralee , McKay‐Brown Lisa , McVilly Keith R. 
Published: January 2021

Accessible Summary

Positive behaviour support is used by staff to help people with different disabilities, but we do not know what helps staff to keep using positive behaviour support.

We looked at all the reports that people have written about using positive behaviour support to find out what helps staff to keep using it.

We used a special way of putting everything together and found groups of important things to do with positive behaviour support, the people who use it, and things happening around them. These things can help staff use positive behaviour support better and for longer.

AbstractBackgroundIt is necessary to understand which variables successfully contribute to the adoption of positive behaviour support (PBS) in disability services if people with disability are to experience meaningful outcomes.MethodsA systematic review of the disability support literature was undertaken, and meta‐aggregation was used to synthesise the findings. The study applies ENTREQ statement criteria, and diffusion of innovations theory was used to analyse and interpret the results.ResultsTwenty‐seven papers were included in the analysis, from which over 300 findings were extracted. Forty‐one aggregated findings generated a final set of 26 principles which informed the development of a conceptual framework for the adoption of PBS in disability services.ConclusionThe conceptual framework and supporting principles will assist those interested in introducing PBS into disability services for successful adoption and are applicable to researchers, managers, and practitioners alike. Recommendations are made to expand research on the application of PBS in specific disability contexts and to broaden the application of PBS beyond challenging behaviour.
Tryptophan 2,3‐dioxygenase in tumor cells is associated with resistance to immunotherapy in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Sumitomo Makoto , Takahara Kiyoshi , Zennami Kenji , Nagakawa Tomomi , Maeda Yasuhiro , Shiogama Kazuya , Yamamoto Yasuko , Muto Yoshinari , Nukaya Takuhisa , Takenaka Masashi , Fukaya Kosuke , Ichino Manabu , Sasaki Hitomi , Saito Kuniaki , Shiroki Ryoichi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIndoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a key enzyme associated with immunomodulation through its regulation of the tryptophan‐kynurenine (Kyn) pathway in advanced cancers, including metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). However, the failure of IDO1 inhibitors when used in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), as observed in clinical trials, raises a number of questions. This study aimed to investigate the association of tryptophan 2,3‐dioxygenase (TDO) and IDO1 with cancer development and resistance to immunotherapy in patients with RCC. In our analysis of RCC tissue samples, tissue Kyn levels were elevated in advanced‐stage RCC and correlated well with TDO expression levels in RCC tumor cells. In patients with mRCC, TDO rather than IDO1 was expressed in RCC tumor cells, showing a strong association with Kyn expression. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining of TDO was strongly associated with the staining intensity of forkhead box P3, as well as ICI therapy response and survival in patients with mRCC. Our study is the first to show that TDO expression in tumor tissues is associated with progression and survival, confirming its potential as a predictive biomarker of primary resistance to immunotherapy in patients with mRCC. Our findings suggest that strategies aimed at inhibiting TDO, rather than IDO1, in combination with ICI therapy may aid in the control of mRCC progression.
Short‐term cultured autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells as a potential immunogen to activate Tax‐specific CTL response in adult T‐cell leukemia patients
Authors: Ishizawa Miku , Ganbaatar Undrakh , Hasegawa Atsuhiko , Takatsuka Natsuko , Kondo Nobuyo , Yoneda Takeru , Katagiri Kuniko , Masuda Takao , Utsunomiya Atae , Kannagi Mari 
Published: January 2021

AbstractActivation of CD8+ Tax‐specific CTL is a new therapeutic concept for adult T‐cell leukemia (ATL) caused by HTLV‐1. A recent clinical study of the dendritic cell vaccine pulsed with Tax peptides corresponding to CTL epitopes showed promising outcomes in ATL patients possessing limited human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles. In this study, we aimed to develop another immunotherapy to activate Tax‐specific CTL without HLA limitation by using patients’ own HTLV‐1‐infected cells as a vaccine. To examine the potential of HTLV‐1‐infected T‐cells to activate CTL via antigen presenting cells, we established a unique co–culture system. We demonstrated that mitomycin C‐treated HLA‐A2‐negative HTLV‐1‐infected T‐cell lines or short‐term cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) derived from ATL patients induced cross–presentation of Tax antigen in co–cultured HLA‐A2‐positive antigen presenting cells, resulting in activation of HLA‐A2‐restricted CD8+ Tax‐specific CTL. This effect was not inhibited by a reverse transcriptase inhibitor. IL‐12 production and CD86 expression were also induced in antigen presenting cells co–cultured with HTLV‐1‐infected cells at various levels, which were improved by pre–treatment of the infected cells with histone deacetylase inhibitors. Furthermore, monocyte‐derived dendritic cells induced from PBMC of a chronic ATL patient produced IL‐12 and expressed enhanced levels of CD86 when co–cultured with autologous lymphocytes that had been isolated from the same PBMC and cultured for several days. These findings suggest that short‐term cultured autologous PBMC from ATL patients could potentially serve as a vaccine to evoke Tax‐specific CTL responses.
Family Structure, Family Instability, and Child Psychological Well‐Being in the Context of Migration: Evidence From Sequence Analysis in China
Authors: Lu Yao , Zhang Ruochen , Du Haifeng 
Published: January 2021

This study conceptualizes parental migration as a dynamic family process that exposes children to parental absence and family instability. Using detailed migration histories, this study identifies the left‐behind trajectories of rural Chinese children throughout childhood (age 1–12) and examines the impact on psychological well‐being (N = 3,961). Results indicate heterogeneity in children’s experience of parental migration, which is characterized by both persistence (prolonged parental absence) and instability (repeated parental migration). A quarter of rural children experienced prolonged parental migration, and for half of these, by both parents. Another 50% of rural children experienced repeated parental migration. Children continuously left behind by both parents and children who experienced substantial family instability both fared worse in psychological development than those in stable two‐parent families.
PLACK syndrome is potentially treatable with intralipids
Authors: Sawan Zinab A. , Almehaidib Ali , Binamer Yousef , Monies Dorota , Alsaleem Khalid A. , Aldekhail Wajeeh , Alkuraya Fowzan S. , Abanemai Mohammed 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe describe an 11‐year‐old girl with PLACK Syndrome (peeling skin, leukonychia, acral punctate keratosis, cheilitis, and knuckle pads), who was found to have a novel homozygous variant in CAST, the pathogenicity of which was confirmed using blood‐derived RNA. There is no established treatment for PLACK syndrome. However, we demonstrate for the first time that this condition is associated with low levels of vitamin A and essential fatty acids, which prompted us to consider a potential treatment strategy. Indeed, we initiated this patient on intravenous lipid infusion (Vitalipid®; an emulsion of fat‐soluble vitamins and lipofundin‐MCT/LCT 20%) and the response was dramatic. Following the fourth monthly course of treatment, pruritis disappeared and the skin lesions showed remarkable objective improvement. PLACK syndrome is a very rare genodermatosis and only six families have been described to date with pathogenic CAST variants. This is the first report of an objective response to a therapeutic agent, which suggests that PLACK is a potentially treatable condition. The remarkable response we report and the relative safety of the intervention should prompt healthcare providers who care for PLACK syndrome patients to explore this as a potential treatment strategy in future studies.
Biallelic deletion in a minimal CAPN15 intron in siblings with a recognizable syndrome of congenital malformations and developmental delay
Authors: Mor‐Shaked Hagar , Salah Somaya , Yanovsky‐Dagan Shira , Meiner Vardiella , Atawneh Osama M. , Abu‐Libdeh Bassam , Elpeleg Orly , Harel Tamar 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCalpainopathies constitute a heterogeneous group of disorders resulting from deficiencies in calpains, calcium‐specific proteases that modulate substrates by limited proteolysis. Clinical manifestations depend on tissue‐specific expression of the defective calpain and substrate specificity. CAPN15, encoding the Drosophila small optic lobes (sol) homolog, was recently found to cause various eye defects in individuals carrying bi‐allelic missense variants. Here we report on two siblings with manifestations reminiscent of Johanson‐Blizzard syndrome including failure to thrive, microcephaly, global developmental delay, dysmorphic features, endocrine abnormalities and congenital malformations, in addition to eye abnormalities. Exome sequencing identified a homozygous 47 base‐pair deletion in a minimal intron of CAPN15, including the splice donor site. Sequencing of cDNA revealed single exon skipping, resulting in an out‐of‐frame deletion with a predicted premature termination codon. These findings expand the phenotypic spectrum associated with CAPN15 variants, and suggest that complete loss‐of‐function is associated with a recognizable syndrome of congenital malformations and developmental delay, overlapping Johanson‐Blizzard syndrome and the recently observed brain defects in Capn15 knockout (KO) mice. Moreover, the data highlight the unique opportunity for indel detection in minimal introns.
Vocal behavior of the endangered splendid toadfish and potential masking by anthropogenic noise
Authors: Pyć Cynthia D. , Vallarta Jonathan , Rice Aaron N. , Zeddies David G. , Maxner Emily E. , Denes Samuel L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractVessel‐related noise is a potential stressor for coral reef fauna. The Parque Nacional Arrecifes de Cozumel (PNAC) is a Mexican Marine Protected Area that is exposed to pervasive vessel traffic. PNAC is also the primary range of splendid toadfish (Sanopus splendidus,family Batrachoididae), an IUCN red‐listed soniferous fish for which vessel noise may represent a threat. We conducted a passive acoustic monitoring survey during summer of 2017 at Paraiso Reef in PNAC and obtained the first scientific recordings from splendid toadfish, enabling a vocal characterization of the species. We simultaneously collected data on sound levels of vessels passing near the reef. High noise levels of cruise ship and small motorboat traffic caused elevated anthropogenic sound pressure levels for up to 15 hr per day in the same bandwidth as toadfish vocalizations. A single cruise ship added up to 4 dB above nighttime ambient levels while small motorboat traffic added up to 7 dB. The overlap of toadfish vocalizations and vessel‐related noise highlights the susceptibility of splendid toadfish to acoustic masking and reduction in communication space throughout the day, warranting further study. Because acoustic communication is critical to toadfish reproductive success, noise from cruise ships and small motorboats may threaten splendid toadfish individuals or population viability.
Covered self‐expandable metal stents versus plastic stents for preoperative biliary drainage in patient receiving neo‐adjuvant chemotherapy for borderline resectable pancreatic cancer: Prospective randomized study
Authors: Tamura Takashi , Itonaga Masahiro , Ashida Reiko , Yamashita Yasunobu , Hatamaru Keiichi , Kawaji Yuki , Emori Tomoya , Kitahata Yuji , Miyazawa Motoki , Hirono Seiko , Okada Ken‐ichi , Kawai Manabu , Shimokawa Toshio , Yamaue Hiroki , Kitano Masayuki 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesThis single‐center comparative randomized superiority study compared biliary stenting using fully covered self‐expandable metal stents (FCSEMS) and biliary stenting using plastic stents (PS) in preoperative biliary drainage of patients with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer (BRPC) who are planned to undergo a single regimen of neo‐adjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).MethodsTwenty‐two patients with BRPC who required preoperative biliary drainage before NAC (Gemcitabine plus Nab‐paclitaxel) were randomly assigned 1:1 to the FCSEMS or PS group. The primary endpoint was the rate of stent dysfunction until surgery or tumor progression. Secondary endpoints were stent patency, number of re‐interventions, adverse events of endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage (EBD), operation time, volume of intraoperative bleeding, postoperative hospitalization, postoperative adverse events and medical costs.ResultsEleven patients in each of the groups reached the primary endpoint. The FCSEMS group showed a significantly lower rate of stent dysfunction (18.2% vs. 72.8%, P = 0.015), longer stent patency (P = 0.02), and lower number of re‐interventions for stent dysfunction (0.27 ± 0.65 vs. 1.27 ± 1.1, P = 0.001) than the PS group. The adverse events of EBD, operation time, volume of intraoperative bleeding, postoperative hospitalization, postoperative adverse events and medical costs did not significantly differ between the two groups.ConclusionsIn patients with BRPC for preoperative biliary drainage, stent dysfunction occurred less frequently with FCSEMSs than with PSs. In addition, FCSEMS and PS provided similar preoperative management of BRPC in terms of the safety of surgery and medical costs. (UMIN ID000030473).
Cause for concern: Australian youth engaged with alcohol and other drug services are falling behind our community progress in reducing tobacco use
Authors: Hallam Karen Tracey , Wishart Madeline , Davidson Ora 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimTobacco use is decreasing in the general youth population yet little evidence is tracking changes in young people who are engaged with youth alcohol and other drug (AOD) services that are often disengaged from school and wok settings.MethodThis study reviews tobacco use amongst 1823 young people engaged with youth AOD services in Victoria in 2013 and 2017 from the Youth Needs Census. This study contrasted use patterns over the three‐year period against Australian population data.ResultsThe results show tobacco use is not declining in the youth AOD engaged population as observed with other young Australians. Further, reductions in tobacco use observed in the community sample were not evident in the youth AOD group. Finally, high rates of tobacco dependence are shown in the 2016 cohort.ConclusionThe results highlight a need for the adoption of evidence‐based tobacco early intervention programs in youth AOD services to address this significant health risk.
Genomic vulnerability and socio‐economic threats under climate change in an African rainforest bird
Authors: Smith Thomas B. , Fuller Trevon L. , Zhen Ying , Zaunbrecher Virginia , Thomassen Henri A. , Njabo Kevin , Anthony Nicola M. , Gonder Mary K. , Buermann Wolfgang , Larison Brenda , Ruegg Kristen , Harrigan Ryan J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPreserving biodiversity under rapidly changing climate conditions is challenging. One approach for estimating impacts and their magnitude is to model current relationships between genomic and environmental data and then to forecast those relationships under future climate scenarios. In this way, understanding future genomic and environmental relationships can help guide management decisions, such as where to establish new protected areas where populations might be buffered from high temperatures or major changes in rainfall. However, climate warming is only one of many anthropogenic threats one must consider in rapidly developing parts of the world. In Central Africa, deforestation, mining, and infrastructure development are accelerating population declines of rainforest species. Here we investigate multiple anthropogenic threats in a Central African rainforest songbird, the little greenbul (Andropadus virens). We examine current climate and genomic variation in order to explore the association between genome and environment under future climate conditions. Specifically, we estimate Genomic Vulnerability, defined as the mismatch between current and predicted future genomic variation based on genotype–environment relationships modeled across contemporary populations. We do so while considering other anthropogenic impacts. We find that coastal and central Cameroon populations will require the greatest shifts in adaptive genomic variation, because both climate and land use in these areas are predicted to change dramatically. In contrast, in the more northern forest–savanna ecotones, genomic shifts required to keep pace with climate will be more moderate, and other anthropogenic impacts are expected to be comparatively low in magnitude. While an analysis of diverse taxa will be necessary for making comprehensive conservation decisions, the species‐specific results presented illustrate how evolutionary genomics and other anthropogenic threats may be mapped and used to inform mitigation efforts. To this end, we present an integrated conceptual model demonstrating how the approach for a single species can be expanded to many taxonomically diverse species.
Different anaesthesia methods affect the development of hepatoblastoma after platelet activation
Authors: Fei Guoxiong , Cao Meili , Ge Chunlin , Xie Yan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study aims to compare the influence of different anaesthesia methods on the mechanisms involved in the development of hepatoblastoma (HB). HB rabbit models were constructed and divided into three groups: disoprofol, pentobarbital sodium and HB groups. After anaesthesia, rabbit blood was collected from the tail vein. Haematological analysis (platelets) and an ELISA was used to measure the thrombopoietin (TPO) and 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT). Flow cytometry was used to determine expression of P‐selectin and PAF. The expression of 5‐HTR2B, PCNA, vWF, P70s6k, 4E‐BP1, mTOR and FRAP was determined in the tumour itself or in vascular tissues obtained from the rabbits. The platelet content in the disoprofol group. The content or expression of TPO, 5‐HT, P‐selectin, PAF, 5‐HTR2B, PCNA, vWF, P70s6k, 4E‐BP1, mTOR and FRAP was significantly higher in the disoprofol group compared to pentobarbital sodium and HB groups. Expression of these molecules was much higher in the pentobarbital sodium group compared with the HB group. These findings suggest that disoprofol anaesthesia can promote HB development via the mTOR/p70S6K1 and FRAP signalling pathway.
A case report of rhabdomyolysis caused by the use of roxadustat in the treatment caused by renal anaemia
Authors: Yang Qin , Wang Xin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCase presentationIn this case, we share a case of one of our patients developed rhabdomyolysis after he was administered roxadustat to treat anaemia caused by chronic renal failure.DiscussionMore than 1.2 million people died from chronic kidney damage (CKD) globally, in 2017. Anaemia is a common complication of CKD. Roxadustat is an oral hypoxia‐inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor that stimulates erythropoiesis and regulates iron metabolism. Roxadustat is often used to treat anaemia caused by renal failure. Its adverse effects include high blood pressure, myocardial infarction, heart failure, high potassium, and dizziness; however, there are no reports about rhabdomyolysis associated with roxadustat.ConclusionPhysicians should be alert about the occurrence of rhabdomyolysis when roxadustat is used.
Immunogenetics of xenotransplantation
Authors: Carvalho‐Oliveira Marco , Valdivia Emilio , Blasczyk Rainer , Figueiredo Constanca 
Published: January 2021

AbstractXenotransplantation may become the highly desired solution to close the gap between the availability of donated organs and number of patients on the waiting list. In recent years, enormous progress has been made in the development of genetically engineered donor pigs. The introduced genetic modifications showed to be efficient in prolonging xenograft survival. In this review, we focus on the type of immune responses that may target xeno‐organs after transplantation and promising immunogenetic modifications that show a beneficial effect in ameliorating or eliminating harmful xenogeneic immune responses. Increasing histocompatibility of xenografts by eliminating genetic discrepancies between species will pave their way into clinical application.