bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing Vancomycin Area Under the Curve With a Pharmacist Protocol that Incorporates Trough and Maximum Doses at a Children's Hospital
Authors: Al-Mazraawy Betool O. , Girotto Jennifer E. 
Published: September 2021

OBJECTIVE
Updated vancomycin guidelines suggest dose adjustment based on area under the curve in a 24-hour period (AUC24). This study aims to determine whether a pharmacist managed vancomycin protocol that incorporates maximum dosing paired with trough monitoring can achieve appropriate vancomycin AUC24 exposures.

METHODS
A retrospective review was performed evaluating vancomycin usage from October 2018 through September 2019 at a children's hospital. Patients with less than 4 doses or lack a trough concentration were excluded. Vancomycin AUC24 were estimated using 2 calculations: 1) the Le method, incorporating age and serum creatinine, and 2) the trapezoidal method based upon population data and patient-specific trough. Target AUC24 ranges were assessed. AUC24 goals were 400 to 600 mg·hr/L, but due to known variations between calculations, a variance of 20 mg·hr/L was allowed for each end of the goal. Secondary analyses included evaluations of efficacy and toxicity.

RESULTS
Two-hundred twenty-three patients were included. Initial doses were estimated to meet AUC24 goals in only 63%. After trough-based dose modification, 81% achieved a therapeutic AUC24. Using the trapezoidal method, therapeutic concentrations were found in 51% of patients based on the initial dose and 77% after dose modification. Only 6.3% of patients had kidney injury with only 1 of those patients having any calculated AUC24 &gt; 600 mg·hr/L and none above 620 mg·hr/L. No clinical failures were identified.

CONCLUSIONS
Increased initial dosing in infants and children is needed to result in AUC24 exposures recommended in the guidelines. Maximum dosing paired with trough monitoring may be an alternative to AUC24 monitoring in areas that are unable to perform AUC24 calculations. Prospective data are needed to validate these conclusions.
Mere undervisning, større studieintensitet? En multilevelanalyse af 7.917 studerendes tidsforbrug
Authors: Herrmann Kim Jesper , Bager-Elsborg Anna , Hansen Inger Borch , Nielsen Rasmus Borup 
Published: September 2021

Der har de seneste år været betydelig interesse for danske universitetsstuderendes studieintensitet, og der er blevet givet forskellige anbefalinger i forhold til, hvordan de studerende kan motiveres til at studere mere. Det empiriske grundlag for sådanne anbefalinger er imidlertid sparsomt. Formålet med dette studie er dels at beskrive den gennemsnitlige studieaktivitet blandt studerende på Aarhus Universitet, dels at analysere det indbyrdes forhold mellem undervisning og forberedelse. En multilevelanalyse af 7.917 studerendes selvrapporterede tidsforbrug viser overraskende en negativ sammenhæng mellem antallet af timer brugt på undervisning og antallet af timer brugt på forberedelse. Yderligere analyser tyder på, at sammenhængen mellem undervisningstid og forberedelsestid varierer på tværs af uddannelser. In recent years, the study habits of Danish university students have been a cause for concern, and various initiatives to improve motivation and encourage students to study harder have been introduced. However, the empirical support for such initiatives is limited. This article aims to describe the average student’s study habits and analyse the interrelationship between teaching and independent study time. A multilevel analysis of 7,917 students self-reported time budgets surprisingly reveals negative correlation between hours spent studying and hours spent participating in classes. Further analyses suggest that this correlation varies across study programmes.
Engelsksproget undervisning er ikke kun et spørgsmål om sprog – det er først og sidst undervisning
Authors: Lauridsen Karen M. , Lauridsen Ole 
Published: September 2021

Abstract:Denne artikel beskriver indhold og resultater af et længerevarende og obligatorisk kompetenceudviklingsprojekt for undervisere på et universitetsinstituts engelsksprogede uddannelser og diskuterer kort de resultater der blev opnået. Projektet blev gennemført i 2014-2015 med i alt tre hold undervisere. For hvert hold omfattede programmet i det første semester en individuel supervision med formativ feedback (supermentoring), et todages seminar og udarbejdelsen af en individuel handlingsplan for udvikling af de enkelte underviseres undervisning. I det andet semester blev dette fulgt op af endnu en individuel supermentoring samt en afsluttende workshop. Anden runde supermentoring, deltagerevalueringer og en afsluttende spørgeskemaundersøgelse viser samstemmende at de deltagende undervisere udviklede deres engelsksprogede undervisning i forløbet, en del af dem endda markant. I modsætning til hvad mange studieansvarlige og undervisere synes at mene, er de problemer der måtte opstå på engelsksprogede programmer ikke nødvendigvis af sproglig karakter, men omfatter i mindst lige så høj grad almene pædagogisk-didaktiske forhold samt interkulturelle kompetencer og kommunikation. Abstract:This article describes the content and results of a year-long and mandatory professional development project for lecturers in English Medium Instruction programmes at a Danish university department and briefly discusses the results obtained in the course of the project. It took place in 2014-2015 with altogether three cohorts of lecturers. For every cohort, in the first semester, the programme comprised an individual supervision session with formative feedback (supermentoring), a two-day seminar and the development of an action plan for the development of the individual lecturers’ teaching. In the second semester this was continued with a second supermentoring session and a final workshop. The second supermentoring sessions, the participant evaluations and a final survey unanimously indicate that the participating lecturers developed their EMI teaching in the course of the project, some of them significantly so. Contrary to what many course responsibles and lecturers seem to think, the problems that might be found in the teaching of EMI programmes are not necessarily of a linguistic nature, but might as well be of a general pedagogic or didactic nature, or be related to intercultural competences and communication.
DUT Guide: Studielederråd
Authors: Dolin Jens 
Published: September 2021

Studielederens officielle rolle er fastlagt i Universitetsloven:Studielederen har til opgave i samarbejde med studienævnet at forestå den praktisketilrettelæggelse af undervisning og af prøver og anden bedømmelse, der indgår i eksamen.Studielederen godkender opgaveformulering og afleveringstidspunkt for kandidatspecialetsamt i tilknytning hertil en plan for vejledningen af den studerende.(https://danskelove.dk/universitetsloven)Rollen er så løst beskrevet, at der er rig mulighed for fortolkning og udvikling af forskellige praksisser, og det er også, hvad der er sket. I sin ph.d. interviewede Thomas Harboe (2013) en række studieledere om deres opfattelse af studielederrollen, og der tegnede sig et billede af en løst defineret ledelsesfunktion, som var præget af forhandling og løse koblinger til deres omgivelser. Studielederne gav klart udtryk for, at deres arbejde var stærkt underlagt den New Public Management-politik, der på det tidspunkt gav sig udslag i styringsmæssige reformer, som de så skulle implementere. Sådan er det stadig. Uddannelsesområdet er præget af stramninger og kontrol og reguleringer, selv om der ses tendenser til, at andre værdier begynder at præge debatten og den førte politik. Men når universiteterne presses af NPMtiltag som fx akkreditering eller af nedskæringstiltag som fx fremdriftsreform og 2 % nedskæring, så er det ofte studielederen, der skal få det til at fungere.Studielederen er således en typisk mellemleder med mange opgaver og et ansvar for, at uddannelserne rent faktisk fungerer – uden formel kompetence til at bestemme over ressourcer og personale. Klemt mellem ledelse, VIP’ere/TAP’ere og studerende og under meget forskellige vilkår, hvad angår det timemæssige omfang af ledelsesfunktionen, og hvad angår nærhed til ledelsesstrengen, skal studielederen få enderne til at mødes på en måde som gør alle tilfredse – eller lige utilfredse.Således kan Harboe et al. (2017) slå fast, at studieledelse ”... kræver studieledere, der til stadighed kan balancere kompetent mellem pædagogisk og administrativ ledelse samt mellem det personlige, det lokale og det organisatoriske niveau på universitetet” (s. 48).Det følgende er nogle råd til at kunne navigere helskindet og helhjertet gennem studieledelsens minefyldte farvand.
DUT Guide: Strategies for criteria-aligned, fair and inclusive oral exams
Authors: Hurford Donna 
Published: September 2021

The oral exam is an established assessment method in Danish higher education institutions (HEIs), favoured for its focus on oracy and authenticity. The planning and implementation of oral exams in Danish HEIs’ Programmes of Study provides the context for this guide’s discussion; however, the recommendations on inclusive practices are more widely applicable. This guide reviews current understanding of how oral exams can facilitate deep learning and strategies for ensuring they are criteriaaligned, fair and inclusive. The guide comprises ten practical points and links to further resources, which include praxis-based suggestions for teachers, examiners and censors with responsibility for oral exams.
Bilateral back squat strength is increased during a 3-week undulating resistance training program with and without variable resistance in DIII collegiate football players
Authors: Sawyer Jason , Higgins Paul , Cacolice Paul A. , Doming Troy 
Published: September 2021

Background
Optimizing training adaptations is of the utmost importance for the strength and conditioning professional. The pre-season of any sport is particularly important to ensure preparedness of the athletes. In DIII Collegiate Football pre-season consists of approximately 3 weeks. The abbreviated time of the pre-season increases the importance of optimizing training using safe methods, including alternative loading strategies. The purpose of the current study was to determine if a 3-week variable resistance training VRT during an undulating (UL) resistance training program elicited a greater increase in back squat strength compared to traditional loading methods.

Methods and Materials
Forty DIII Football players (age range: 18–25 years) participated in a 3-week UL bilateral back squat (BBS) program. Both groups performed the BBS 3 times per week with a minimum of 24 hours between exercise sessions. The control group (C) (n = 20) (height = 182.3 + 5.1 cm, body mass: pre = 102.8 ± 17.7 kg, post = 104.1 ± 17.8 kg) used traditional loading methods (i.e., Olympic weights only) and the experimental group (E) (n = 20) (height = 180.7 ± 8.0 cm, body mass: pre = 100.3 ± 27.1 kg, post = 101.0 ± 27.7 kg) used traditional loading methods and variable resistance (i.e., resistance bands). The variable resistance accounted for approximately 20% of the total resistance while 80% of the resistance was supplied by traditional loading methods.

Results
When all data was pooled, subjects had a significant increase (p < 0.05) in 1-RM BBS from pre (154.2 + 26.1 kg) to post (166.8 + 26.2 kg), with a percent increase of 8.13% at the completion of the 3-week training program. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the C and E groups for muscular strength, muscular power, or vertical jump. Volume-loads were not significantly (p > 0.05) different between groups for any of the weeks (C: Week 1 = 858.1 + 101.3, Week 2 = 588.6 + 69.2, Week 3 = 332.5 + 38.9, Total = 1179.2 + 209.4 vs. E: Week 1 = 835.2 + 179.7, Week 2 = 572.2 + 123.4, Week 3 = 323.5 + 68.8, Total = 1730.9 + 371.8) or for the pre-season as a whole.

Conclusion
A traditional UL resistance training program and training program with variable resistance are both effective methods at increasing back squat strength during 3 weeks of training. Resistance band variable resistance (VR) does not enhance training effects within a 3-week mesocycle greater than traditional resistance.
Crop Geometry and Nitrogen Levels Influence on Growth, Yield and Economics of Compact Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in Rainfed Vertisols
Authors: Nayak B. B. , Bharathi S. , Rekha M. Sree , Jayalalitha K. 
Published: September 2021

Aims: To study the effect of crop geometry and nitrogen levels on compact cotton genotype in rainfed vertisols condition.
Study Design: The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with a factorial concept with 3 levels of crop geometry and four levels of nitrogen with 12 treatment combinations and replicated thrice.
Place and Duration of Study: A field experiment was conducted on vertisols under rainfed conditions at Regional Agricultural Research Station Lam, Guntur during the year 2018 – 2019.
Methodology: The treatments consisted of three crop geometries S1 – 60 cm × 10 cm, S2- 75 cm × 10 cm, S3- 90 cm × 45 cm in combination with four nitrogen levels N1- 45kg N ha-1, N2- 90kg N ha-1, N3- 135 kg N ha-1, N4- 180 kg ha-1.
Results: Closer crop geometry of 60 cm × 10 cm recorded taller plants and maximum dry matter accumulation, functional leaves per square meter, leaf area index, maximum chlorophyll content, number of bolls per square meter and seed cotton yield per ha-1, net returns and returns per rupee. However, the number of sympodial branches per plant and sympodial length was highest with wider crop geometry of 90 cm × 45 cm. All the growth and yield parameters recorded were maximum with the application of 180Kg N ha-1 than all the other levels of nitrogen tested.
Conclusion: Overall, the results showed that the Crop geometry of 60cm × 10 cm with application of 135 kg N ha-1 was found to be optimum to realize of maximum seed cotton yield and net returns.
The Value of Serum Adiponectin in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Deghaidy Hagar Abd Elrahman , Ahmed Mona Khalid Omar Amira Youssef , Rakha Elsayed Fetouh 
Published: September 2021

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition in women at reproductive age associated with reproductive and metabolic dysfunction. It may be the most common cause of anovulation, early pregnancy loss, and later pregnancy complications. Adiponectin is the most abundant adipokine and is mainly secreted from visceral fat cells. It might be responsible for the metabolic and neuroendocrine derangements characteristic of obesity and obesity-related disease, such as PCOS. We aimed to evaluate the level of serum adiponectin in PCOS and the potential use of adiponectin as a biomarker for PCOS.
Methods: This case control study was carried on 100 patients, aged between 20–35 years, who were equally divided into four groups based on the diagnosis of PCOS; 2 case groups and 2 control groups. Group 1 were non-obese PCOS subjects with body mass index (BMI) <25 kg/m2. Group 2 were obese PCOS subjects with BMI >25 kg/m2. Control groups were selected as; group 3 were non-obese control group with BMI <25 kg/m2. Group 4 were obese control group with BMI >25 kg/m2.
Results: Adiponectin was significantly lower in group 1 than group 3 and 4 (P2 and P3 <0.001). While it was significantly lower in group 2 than group 1, 3 and 4 and was significantly lower in group 4 than group 3 (P1 = 0.021, P4 and P5 <0.001).
Conclusion: Serum adiponectin level may be taken into consideration as a biomarker for confirmation of PCOS diagnosis. The relationship between adiponectin and BMI suggests that adiponectin could serve as a marker for disease risk and provide opportunity for earlier intervention.
Morphometric Evaluation of Frontal and Maxillary Sinuses and Bizygomatic Distance of Igbos In South-East and Ogonis in South-South Nigeria Using Computerized Tomography Scan
Authors: Anyanwu Godson Emeka , Ezeofor Salome Nwaelom , Obikili Emmanuel Nebuwa , Ugbor Ekene Valentine 
Published: September 2021

Background: Radiological identification is important in clinical, surgical and forensic medicine particularly in the absence of comparative deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) samples and fingerprints. Aim is to establish the morphometry of frontal sinus (FS), maxillary sinus (MS) and bizygomatic distance (BZD) and their relationship with age and gender in Igbos and Ogonis of Nigeria using computed tomography (CT).
Methods: Head CT scans of 625 subjects (477 Igbos and 148 Ogonis) between 18 and 85 years, showing normal FS, MS and BZD, were measured using DICOM viewer software. The Igbos and Ogonis were 247 males and 230 females; 84 males and 64 females respectively. The height, width and depth of the sinuses, intermaxillary sinus distances (IMD) and BZD were measured in centimeters (cm). The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 and difference between groups was obtained using one way ANOVA. P-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Results: Mean values for the right and left MS volume for the Igbos are 13.79 ±10.91 and 13.81±11.03 and for the Ogonis 20.84±5.83 and 20.19±5.59 cm respectively. All FS dimensions are higher in the Igbos (P<0.001) except right FS depth. Mean IMD are 3.64±0.50 and 3.39±0.45 cm in the Igbos and Ogonis respectively (P<0.001). Ogonis have higher BZD (P>0.05). In both groups, males had larger values in both FS depth, MS dimensions and BZD (P<0.001). Age correlated positively with left FS height and IMD. Prevalence of unilateral FS aplasia was 3.35% on the right and 1.47% on the left among the Igbos while the Ogonis have 2.03% on the right and 2.70% on the left. Bilateral FS aplasia was 2.94% among the Igbos but not observed among the Ogonis.
Conclusion: Normative values is established. Ethnic differences exists with Igbos significantly having higher values of FS and IMD while in the Ogonis, the MS dimensions are higher. These findings would act as a guide for facial reconstructive surgeries, forensic experts and classification of fossil remains in anthropology.
Coping, resilience, and emotional well-being in pharmacy students during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Fuentes Andrea V. , Jacobs Robin J. , Ip Eric , Owens Ryan E. , Caballero Joshua 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Introduction
The purpose of this study was to investigate the significant contributions of coping, resilience, personal characteristics, and health behaviors on the emotional well-being of pharmacy students during the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 was identified in December 2019 and declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. Pharmacy students may experience greater stress during this outbreak because of interruptions in classes or rotations, concerns regarding personal or family health, and social isolation from peers. These changes may result in behavior shifts, difficulty concentrating, and increased use of negative coping strategies. The extent to which these factors affect overall student well-being during a pandemic is largely unknown.

Methods
A cross-sectional study of 3 colleges of pharmacy was completed during May to July 2020 via an online, anonymous 64-item questionnaire using REDCap software. Linear regression and descriptive statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 26.

Results
Using the enter method, levels of coping strategies, personal resilience, and Hispanic ethnic identity explain 29% of the variance in emotional well-being scores in pharmacy students during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic (F (2,76) = 11.785, P &lt; .000, R2 = 0.317, R2adjusted = 0.291). For this sample (N = 104), higher levels of resilience, greater use of coping strategies, and identifying as Hispanic were significant predictors of emotional well-being.

Discussion
Student mental health continues to be important, especially during crises and pandemics. Therefore, pharmacy programs should cultivate an environment that supports the emotional well-being of their students. Campus-based initiatives may be needed to encourage healthy coping behaviors and bolster students' personal resilience to better prepare them for providing front-line patient care in the future.
COVID-19 reinfection in a patient with a serious mental illness within a long-term inpatient psychiatric care hospital
Authors: Englett Brianna , Magdalany Amy , Gordon Tiffany L. , Holladay Kelly 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
There is an increasing number of case reports of COVID-19 reinfection. The mechanism of reinfection is poorly understood and evolving. Prevention of the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 for those with a serious mental illness (SMI) living in a congregate setting presents unique challenges. In this case report, we describe an individual with an SMI in a long-term inpatient psychiatric care hospital who was initially diagnosed in June 2020 with COVID-19 infection via a polymerase chain reaction test. Approximately 6 months later, the patient presented with a COVID-19 reinfection and more severe COVID-like symptoms.
Adipocytokines and Associations With Abnormal Body Composition in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Baker Joshua F. , Katz Patricia , Weber David R. , Gould Patrick , George Michael D. , Long Jin , Zemel Babette S. , Giles Jon T. 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveWe determined associations between adipokines and abnormal body composition in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsCombining data from three RA cohorts, whole‐body dual‐energy absorptiometry measures of appendicular lean mass and fat mass indices were converted to age‐, sex‐, and race‐ and ethnicity‐specific Z scores. Lean mass relative to fat mass was determined based on prior methods. Independent associations between body composition profiles and circulating levels of adiponectin, leptin, and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)‐21 were assessed using linear and logistic regression models adjusting for demographic characteristics and study cohort. We also determined the improvement in the area under the curve (AUC) for prediction of low lean mass when adipokines were added to predictive models that included clinical factors such as demographic characteristics, study, and body mass index (BMI).ResultsAmong 419 participants, older age was associated with higher levels of all adipokines, whereas higher C‐reactive protein level was associated with lower adiponectin levels and higher FGF‐21 levels. Greater fat mass was strongly associated with lower adiponectin levels and higher leptin and FGF‐21 levels. Higher levels of adiponectin, leptin, and FGF‐21 were independently associated with low lean mass. The addition of adiponectin and leptin levels to regression models improved prediction of low lean mass when combined with demographic characteristics, study, and BMI (AUC 0.75 vs. 0.66).ConclusionAdipokines are associated with both excess adiposity and low lean mass in patients with RA. Improvements in the prediction of body composition abnormalities suggest that laboratory screening could help identify patients with altered body composition who may be at greater risk of adverse outcomes.