bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Convergence of eigenfunction expansions for flexural gravity waves in infinite water depth
Authors: Koley Santanu , Panduranga Kottala 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the present paper, point-wise convergence of the eigenfunction expansion to the velocity potential associated with the flexural gravity waves problem in water wave theory is established for infinite water depth case. To take into account the hydroelastic boundary condition at the free surface, a flexible membrane is assumed to float in water waves. In this context, firstly the eigenfunction expansion for the velocity potentials is obtained. Thereafter, an appropriate Green’s function is constructed for the associated boundary value problem. Using suitable properties of the Green’s functions, the vertical components of the eigenfunction expansion is written in terms of the Dirac delta function. Finally, using the property of the Dirac delta function, the convergence of the eigenfunction expansion to the velocity potential is shown.
Conduction mechanism in (ZnO/PVC) polymer nanocomposite
Authors: Joy Singh A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The electrical conductivity of ZnO nanoparticle doped PVC polymer of different concentrations and thickness has been investigated as a function if applied electric field and temperature. The LnJ versus E1/2 plot for the pure sample shows transition field but for highly doped sample, the plot shows curvature for both low and high field, i.e., there is no transition field. This nonlinearity of the plot is due to space charge built up in the sample. The value of β is calculated from the slope of LnJ versus E1/2 plot and compared with the theoretical value. The result shows the Poole-Frenkel mechanism of conduction is operative.
Sleep quality assessment by parameter optimization
Authors: Adil H , Koser A A , Qureshi M S , Gupta A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Sleep quality measurement is a complex process requires large number of parameters to monitor sleep and sleep cycles. The Gold Standard Polysomnography (PSG) parameters are considered as standard parameters for sleep quality measurement. In the PSG process, number of monitoring parameters are involved for that large number of sensors are used which makes this process complex, expensive and obtrusive. There is need to find optimize parameters which are directly involve in providing accurate information about sleep and reduce the process complexity. Our Parameter Optimization method is based on parameter reduction by finding key parameters and their inter dependent parameters. Sleep monitoring by these optimize parameter is different from both, clinical complex (PSG) used in hospitals and commercially available devices which work on dependent and dynamic parameter sensing. Optimized parameters obtained from PSG parameters are Electrocardiogram (ECG), Electrooculogram (EOG), Electroencephalography (EEG) and Cerebral blood flow (CBF). These key parameters show close correlation with sleep and hence reduce complexity in sleep monitoring by providing simultaneous measurement of appropriate signals for sleep analysis.
Classical Fuzzy Retrial Queue with Working Vacation using Hexagonal Fuzzy Numbers
Authors: Kannadasan G. , Padmavathi V. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Using fuzzy techniques “Classical Fuzzy Retrial Queue with Working Vacation(WV) using Hexagonal Fuzzy Numbers” is discussed in this paper. We acquire model in fuzzy environment as the average orbit length, Probability(Pr) that the server busy, and Pr(the server is in a WV period), the sojourn time of a customer in the queue. Finally numerical results are presented.
On the induced metric of a photon qubit for different points of action in Bloch sphere
Authors: Kumar Vineet 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Travelling with harmonical actions about the referential line, the moment the photon qubit emits form the atom as a packet, not only embedded by the envelopes of quadratic nature overlap but also by the non-quadratic overlap effect as well in concurrent. This paper followed on by the subsistence of both ways of overlapping, focuses mainly on the induced metric of photon qubit, which concluded to be in 3-sphere by the local parameterization so called as Hopf coordinates. The protruded photon qubit in the induced Riemannian metric, for different points of the Bloch sphere, are in a manner that the stereographic projection of volume enveloped in 3-sphere determines the circular geometry in 2-sphere with the cross-sectional function in perpendicular to the continuum line of travel.
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Vitex Negundo Extracts and their Application in the Effluent Treatment of Cracker Industries
Authors: Kanthimathi G , Senthilkumar O , Sankar C , Prathibha B.S. , Senthil Kumar S.M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Silver nanoparticles were prepared by green synthesis, which is an eco-friendly and inexpensive method. The synthesis was carried out using Vitex Negundo leaf extract at room temperature. The nanoparticles were encapsulated with Poly Vinyl Alcohol (PVA) matrix to avoid agglomeration. The formation of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The morphology of the nanoparticles was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrum (EDX) confirmed the presence of elemental Ag. Adsorption experiments confirmed the removal of toxic cadmium and chromium present in the industrial effluents as analysed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The silver nanoparticles showed maximum adsorption efficiency for chromium compared to cadmium.
EPR study of Mn site substituted Pr based Doped Rare Earth Manganites
Authors: Uthra Dinesh , Sharma M P 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we present the investigations of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) on Mn site substituted Pr based Doped rare Earth Manganites i.e. Pr0.60Ca0.40MnO3 and Pr0.60Ca0.40Mn0.85Zn0.15O3. Changes in physical properties as lattice parameters, average valence of Mn site was observable of those manganites. X-ray diffraction pattern shows that both Pr0.60Ca0.40MnO3 and Pr0.60Ca0.40Mn0.85Zn0.15O3 have single phase and without the other secondary or impurity phase and indexed supported the Pbnm space group. The value of x in Pr0.60Ca0.40Mn1-xZnxO3 increases, the average valence V was increased except for a fixed composition, i.e. x remains unchanged, the average valence V was decreased as we go from less valency to high valency (i.e., from divalent to trivalent and from trivalent to tetravalent. The EDXS analysis of those materials shows good homogeneity, but there are experimental errors in composition. It is seen from the SEM images that is formed in different shape grains. The average grain sizes of the samples are different for Pr0.60Ca0.40MnO3 and Pr0.06Ca0.40Mn0.85Zn0.15O3 The paramagnetic resonance spectra parameters (effective g-factor, peak-to-peak line width) of Pr0.60Ca0.40MnO3 and Pr0.60Ca0.40Mn0.85Zn0.15O3.have been used to study the paramagnetic spin correlations and spin dynamics. As for Pr0.60Ca0.40MnO3 the line width becomes wider because of the contribution of small polaron jumping within the PM mechanism. However, as for Pr0.60Ca0.40Mn0.85Zn0.15O3 the broadening of EPR line-width is understood with the spin-lattice relaxation mechanism, g value decreased from 1.99 to 1.79. Therefore, the Zn dopant not solely changes the parent spin correlation in the PM regime however additionally suppresses the development of orbital ordering.
Control over Vertical Orientation of Liquid Crystal using Spin Coated Silica Nanoparticles Layer on Conductive Substrates
Authors: Dogra Ankit Rai , Sharma Vandna , Khanra Partha , Kumar Pankaj 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Recently, various techniques such as self-assembly, chemical vapour deposition and capillary method etc. are used for nanoparticles (NPs) deposition on the conductive substrates for the vertical alignment (VA) of liquid crystals (LCs). The initial VA of LCs in display devices have the potential impact on industry and various electro-optic devices applications. In the present work, vertical orientation of LCs was controlled on silica (SiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) layer deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrates using spin coating method. The VA LC cell was also prepared for conventional polyimide coated ITO glass substrates. The morphological images showed the initial darker textures under crossed polarizers and conoscopic image with dark cross confirmed the VA of LC on SiO2 NPs coated substrates analogous to the conventional VA LC cell. Further, electro-optic results revealed the reduction in applied voltage and better contrast ratio for SiO2 NPs coated VA LC cell compared with polyimide coated VA LC cell.
Advances in low-cost and nontoxic materials based solar cell devices
Authors: Hegde S S , Ramesh K 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Photovoltaics (PV) have become increasingly popular and reached as the third-largest renewable energy source. Thin-film solar cells made from earth-abundant, inexpensive and environmentally friendly materials are needed to replace the current PV technologies whose large-scale applications are limited by material and/or resource constraints. Near optimum direct optical bandgap of 1.3 eV, high absorption coefficient (>104 cm−1), less toxic, and abundant raw resources along with considerable scalability have made tin sulfide (SnS) as a strategic choice for next-generation PVs. In this review, limitations of leading commercial PV technologies and the status of a few alternate low-cost PV materials are outlined. Recent literature on crucial physical properties of SnS thin-films and the present status of SnS thin-film-based solar cells are discussed. Deficiency and adequacy of some of the key properties of SnS including carrier mobility (μ), minority carrier lifetime (τ), and absorption coefficient (α) are discussed in comparison of existing commercial solar cell materials. Future research trends on SnS based solar cells to enhance their conversion efficiencies towards the theoretical maximum of 24% from present ~5% and its prospectus as next-generation solar cell is also discussed.
Direct Sunlight driven photocatalytic degradation of hazardous organic dyes using TiO2-NiO nanocomposite p-n junction
Authors: Padmavathy N , Narasimha Murthy B , Hemakumar K H 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
TiO2 is stable and nontoxic, an effective, low cost, semiconductor photo catalyst to degrade most of the organic pollutants. Nevertheless, the practical application of TiO2 are limited due to two important reasons, while one of the reasons is rapid recombination of electron and hole pair and other one is larger band gap 3.2ev, which permits to absorb 3-4% of solar energy. To enhance photocatalytic activity, several TiO2-metal oxide composites have been used. Due to their electron hole separation ability p-n junction, type semiconductor has become more focused in the last few years. TiO2-NiO nanocomposite is one such catalyst; the presence of NiO facilitates the separation of the hole and the electron pair and encourages the interfacial charge transfer; which facilitates TiO2-NiO a good photocatalyst under direct sunlight. The objective of the study is to synthesise nanocomposite of different mole ratios of NiO and TiO2, to investigate the physicochemical properties such as XRD for phase and purity test, SEM –EDX for morphology and percentage elemental composition, UVDRS for band gap analysis. Photocatalytic activity of TiO2-NiO p-n junction nano structures experiments were carried out under direct sunlight in different systems; using aqueous solution of the dye with effect of pH, concentration of dye, catalyst loading and time on degradation of the organic dye were studied. With increasing the concentration of NiO in to TiO2-NiO composite increases the photocatalytic activity due to narrowing of the band gap attributed to interfacial charge transfer or higher hole mobility.
The effect of temperature and pressure on nitrogen adsorption in amorphous silica
Authors: Fatriansyah J. F. , Dhaneswara D. , Kuskendrianto F. R. , Abdurrahman M. H. , Yusuf M. B. , Abdillah F. A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Nitrogen is an element that is widely found in nature can be used as a gas that is absorbed to help characterize materials, especially on the surface of the material. According to Brunauer – Emmet - Teller (BET) is a theory where nitrogen is used as a gas characterizing material because of its ability to high purity and can interact with solid elements and inert. BET can only produce quantitative data and does not show adsorption phenomena. Molecular dynamics simulation is conducted to observe the phenomena during nitrogen adsorption in amorphous silica, a porous material with a large surface area. In this study, the molecular dynamics simulations are arranged in a state of isotherm, where the temperature used is three variables: 77 K, 100 K, and 150 K in the variation of pressure used 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 atm for each equilibrium. In molecular dynamics simulation to simulate the interaction between atoms based on Coulomb force is using Lennard-Jones Potential. Based on the simulation results obtain, it was found that at 77 K temperature had the optimal ability to adsorb nitrogen compared to 100 K and 150 K. The higher the pressure given in the system, it will increase the amount of nitrogen adsorbed.
Facile Green Synthesis and Characterisation of Gold Nanoparticles using Fenugreek Seeds and Honey
Authors: Lilly Anitha M , Riya J , Rinita J , Christma Eunice P , Nirmala Jothi N S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Gold nanoparticles are frequently employed in a range of biological applications because of its versatility in biosynthetic pathways and complexation, good biocompatibility and ease of detection. This study discusses the application of green chemistry in the production of gold nanoparticles using fenugreek and honey. It discusses nanoparticle characterisation in order to investigate structural, morphological, and optical characteristics. The mean crystalline size of fenugreek-mediated gold nanoparticles is 12.035nm nm, while honey-mediated gold nanoparticles are almost 42.2225 nm, according to XRD analysis. The absorption and fluorescence spectra correlated well with particle size variance in that the absorption and fluorescence peak positions were observed to move as particle size increased. The spherical shape of the particles was shown by SEM and TEM analysis, and the particle size was confirmed by XRD. EDAX analysis demonstrated the sample’s purity. On the surface of the sample, the presence of a functional group with distinctive peaks of gold NPs is shown by FT-IR and FT-Raman analysis, indicating a high potential for hyperthermia treatment, biomarkers, and cancer diagnostics.
Correlation among the oxide ion polarizability, optical basicity and interaction parameter in Gd3+ ions doped oxyhalide borate glasses
Authors: Chandrashekaraiah G , Veeranna Gowda V C , Jayasheelan A , Narayana Reddy C , Mallikarjunaiah K J 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A borate glasses doped with rare earth Gd3+ ion in the system [6OB2O3 + 30 L12O + x Gd2O3 + (10-x) BiCl3] is prepared by the conventional melt quenching method and their optical properties have been studied. The oxide ion polarizability parameter is calculating by using refractive index of glass materials, which is obtained from UV-Vis spectra. The borate glasses are known to possess high oxide ion polarizability, high refractive index, high basicity and low interaction parameter values. In this present study, theoretical calculation of basicity and interaction parameter, using oxide ion polarization, of the glass network has been addressed. A good linear correlation between the interaction parameter and basicity is observed.
A theoretical study on photo absorption in silicon decorated boron clusters (BnSi, n=7-10)
Authors: Jaiswal Ankita , Ray Shakti S , Sahu Sridhar 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this work, we have studied the optical absorption spectra of small boron clusters doped with single silicon atom (BnSi, n=7-10) and is reported employing CAM-B3LYP functional with 6-311+G(d) basis –set within the framework of time dependent density functional study (TD-DFT). We have computed excitation energy, oscillator strength, wavelength and the corresponding orbital transitions associated with a given oscillator strength. Analysis of optical absorption spectra of studied clusters shows that most of the absorption peaks are found in the ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) region (200 nm-700 nm). The major peaks are found to fall in UV region along with some weaker peaks at visible region. The most intense peak is recorded for B8Si cluster at 232 nm and oscillator strength of 0.084. This peak is associated with the orbital transition from H-4→L+1.
Phenomenological explanation of spontaneous polarisation and onset ferroelectric Phase transition in RbH2AsO4 (RDA) crystal
Authors: Kumar K , Upadhyay T C , Joshi A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
By applying two-time thermal dependent Zuberav’s statistical, retarded Green function approach and modified earlier simple PLCM model Hamiltonian by adding some extra terms into it, like third-order and fourth-order, phonon anharmonic interactions, direct spin-spin terms, extra spin-lattice terms, and four body interaction terms, for theoretical investigation of thermal dependent spontaneous polarization and ferroelectric phase transition in the first-order phase, of RbH2AsO4crystal. It undergoes a ferroelectric phase transition at 109.9K. With the help of Dyson’s equation in the Mean-Field Approximation (MFA), theoretical formulae are obtained for electrical permittivity, tangent delta, Cochran’s mode frequency, spontaneous polarization, and response function. Model values are fitted for the above physical parameters to obtain variations with temperature. A comparison of theoretical finding has been made with the experimental finding reported by Blinc et al [12], and Zolototrubov et al[8].
Moisture trajectories during heavy rainfall events using Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model
Authors: Aryalakshmi S , Madhu Dhanya 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Heavy rainfall inducing other catastrophic events are frequently experienced globally. Understanding the mechanisms of moisture transport during such events will help in furthering our knowledge about such systems. In the current study, estimation of most likely moisture trajectoriesis performed using back trajectory analyses. Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model available from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) is used for the purpose. A preliminary analysis is conducted by calculating the frequencies of back trajectories from two locations in Kerala for three heavy rainfall cases. The analysis indicates that both the locations have similar pattern of moisture trajectories during the cases occurring in south west monsoon and pre monsoon periods. However, a change in the behaviour of the trajectories for the two locations is observed for the case during the north east monsoon period. Since this study involved only individual cases, robust conclusions cannot be made based on this for the dynamics of moisture transport for these locations. More detailed analysis will follow this preliminary study in future for the purpose.
Concentrate development from Litchi Juice and quality evaluation during storage
Authors: Rani Jyoti , Shelke Anil , Bansal Bharti , Gautam Vinay 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
An attempt has been made to concentrate Litchi juice using fresh juice, using class-II preservatives via laboratory scale single stage single effect glass evaporator with vacuum in a batch. Two litchi varieties viz. Dehradun and Seedless late were procured from the Regional Fruit Research Station, Gangian (Distt. Hoshiarpur) and processing was done at Food Science and Technology department (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab) pilot-plant. The extraction of juice was attempted via screw-based juice extractor with subsequent muslin cloth filtration. The filtered juice was divided into two lots of which one was concentrated via evaporation while another was preserved using 2000 ppm potassium metabisulphite in glass bottles for later on concentration. The juice was concentrated at 50-55oC temperature with a vacuum of 27-30 inches of Hg. The final concentration of juice was maintained at 80 oBrix in all the cases. Product was packed in pearl pet jars and was stored at ambient room temperature (12-38 oC) (RT) and low temperature (LT) i.e., refrigerated (0-4oC) for 6 months periodic quality evaluation like physico-chemical because of storage. Stored product was analyzed at 0, 2, 4 and 6 months interval for various storage physico-chemical changes like TSS, pH, acidity, ascorbic acid, sugars, browning, pectin, viscosity, tannins and sensory quality. The result outcome proposed that seedless variety yield more juice, pulp and less seed in comparison to Dehradun variety while the sensory characteristics were found more acceptable in Dehradun variety rather than Seedless variety. Physico-chemical properties observed in concentrates from both litchi varieties doesn’t show much difference but a clear difference can be seen room temperature stored concentrate to low temperature stored concentrate. The flow behavior for the concentrates was found to be decreasing slightly with storage period as compared to controls. However, considerable decrease in flow behavior index was observed for the concentrates prepared from Dehradun variety stored at low temperature for 6 months to the seedless variety. The consistency index values has shown positive drift with extending storage time especially for those low temperature concentrates. So, it can be said concentrates from both varieties could be commercially produced with acceptable sensory characteristics.
CoSe2/graphene composite: a low-cost, high performance counter electrode for dye sensitized solar cells
Authors: Tamilselvi C. , Duraisamy P. , Subathra N. , Sumathi T. , Sonia Fredrick R 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this study, Pt-free dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were fabricated using cobalt selenide (CoSe2)/graphene sheets using facile hydrothermal technique. The Pt free counter electrode (CE) was systematically investigated their physico-chemical properties by using SEM, TEM, XRD, Raman, UV, PL, XPS and BET analysis. Under typical AM 1.5G illumination, the DSSC based on the CoSeSe2 counter electrode achieves a maximum PCE of 12.2 % (Jsc = 22.3 mA/cm2, Voc= 810 mV, and FF= 0.71), which is 5.8 times higher than that of conventional Pt-based DSSC. The improved electro catalytic activity and photo conversion efficiency of the CoSeSe2/graphene CE is due to prevent the recombination of electron-hole pair and extended the visible light absorption of composite samples.
Comparison of Single User with Multi User Cooperative Spectrum Sensing for Energy Detector at Low SNR Wall
Authors: Bani Kavita , Kulkarni Vaishali 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
With rapidly increasing demand in wireless communication, available licensed spectrum resources should be utilized efficiently and actively. Cognitive radio is a device which learns from surrounding environment and transmit its signal when license spectrum is unutilized. Spectrum sensing is the need for Cognitive radio. In this paper, Energy detector is implemented though MATLAB software for single and multiusers. Region of Convergence (ROC) curve is plotted for both normal ED and Cooperative spectrum sensing ED. Results show while increasing number of samples from 1k to 100k, probability of detection is also achieved 0.9 maximum. Increasing SNR from -20dB, -15dB to -10 dB, probability of detection is improved in ROC curve. Also cooperative spectrum sensing with OR rule gives good probability of detection 0.9 to 1.