bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Oxygen Evolution in Perovskite Materials for Syngas Production and Water Splitting in Chemical Looping
Authors: Ambeth Prabhakaran Vanaraja , Ahmed Mohammed Hassan , Konarova Muxina 
Published: February 2025

Chemical looping of methane oxidation and water splitting is a promising method for cleaner production of syngas. This process depends on efficient oxygen carriers or catalysts to facilitate the reactions. Perovskite‐based oxygen carriers show great potential for chemical looping due to their excellent oxygen storage and catalytic properties. This study synthesizes and investigates the reactivity of novel solid oxide‐based oxygen carrier Ba1−xSrxCo1−xAxO3−δ (A=Mn/Ni/Fe) to accelerate the surface‐active sites for methane oxidation. Among the catalyst Ba0.5Sr0.5CO0.8Mn0.2O3 achieves methane conversion up to 80% at 850°C through effective selective methane oxidation through lattice oxygen migration. The addition of Mn at B‐site shows an enhanced performance when compared to other materials improving redox activity. It balances the surface oxygen and facilitates replenishment of lattice oxygen from the bulk enhancing the performance while reducing carbon deposition. This provides an enhanced durability and sustained syngas production for up to 40 minutes. Further during the water splitting stage, Mn doped perovskite shows a stable hydrogen production for up to 200 minutes by effectively replacing the lattice oxygen. The material exhibits a reduced CO oxidation when compared to other materials. These attribute makes Mn‐doped perovskite as a promising for advancing longevity and stability in a chemical loop reforming.
Electrochemical Borylation of C−C and C−Het Bonds
Authors: Cheung Tsoh Lam , Lyu Hairong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractRecently, electrochemical methods have been harnessed as a transition metal‐free strategy for borylation reactions in the synthesis of organoboron compounds. This article reviews the electrochemical borylation of C−C and C−Het bonds, offering a systematic discussion of C−C, C−N, C−O, and C−S bond borylation reactions. These transformations are applied to substrates including ammonium salts, aryl azo sulfones, carboxylic acids, arylhydrazines, nitroarenes, alcohols, and thioethers, showcasing broad compatibility. Additionally, the review discusses reaction mechanisms, scalability, and practical applications of these electrochemical strategies. The article concludes by outlining future research directions for electrochemical borylation reactions, aiming at expending their applications in incorporating boron into a wider array of organic compounds, including the challenging unactivated C−Het and C−F bond borylations.
Selective Synthesis of Bromo‐substituted 2H‐Pyrroles and 3H‐Pyrroles via Three‐Component Cascade Annulation of 1,3‐Enynes, NBS and TMSN3
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Song Qingting , Qin Fan , Yue Han , Xie Xiaoyu , Wang Lei , Miao Tao 
Published: February 2025

Comprehensive SummaryA novel and efficient method for selective synthesis of bromo‐substituted 2H‐pyrroles and 3H‐pyrroles has been achieved from 1,3‐enynes, NBS and TMSN3 via H2O‐promoted cyclization reactions or TFA‐catalyzed cyclization/2,3‐shift reactions, providing a range of structurally diverse products in moderate to good yields under mild conditions.
Enhanced Low‐Temperature Photothermal Combustion of C3H8 Using Surface‐Engineered Co3O4 Nanocatalysts
Authors: Wang Yajun , Xu Jianheng , Han Xinyu , zhang zeshu , Yang Xiangguang , Zhang Yibo 
Published: February 2025

Propane (C3H8), a challenging volatile organic compound (VOC), faces limitations in catalytic combustion due to high ignition temperatures and catalyst deactivation. Photothermal catalytic combustion for C3H8, an innovative catalysis approach, significantly improves the low‐temperature purification efficiency of catalysts but is limited by the band structure. This study addresses these issues by developing a photothermal Co3O4‐HT catalyst through hydrothermal synthesis, achieving breakthrough low‐temperature oxidation performance (T50 < 160 °C) under illumination. Key mechanistic insights reveal that the narrow bandgap and enhanced surface photocurrent of Co3O4‐HT facilitate efficient charge separation, while light irradiation synergistically accelerates lattice oxygen release via the Mars‐van Krevelen (MvK) mechanism and promotes gas‐phase oxygen activation. Crucially, photogenerated active oxygen species strengthen C3H8 adsorption and rapidly degrade carboxylate/carbonyl intermediates, overcoming conventional kinetic limitations. This work establishes a dual‐functional catalytic strategy that integrates photonic energy utilization with thermal activation, providing a universal framework for designing high‐efficiency VOC oxidation systems. The demonstrated synergy between band gap engineering and reaction pathway optimization opens new avenues for sustainable air pollution control technologies.
Navigating Antibiotic Resistance in Gram‐Negative Bacteria: Current Challenges and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Kumari Reshma , Saraogi Ishu 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe rapid rise of antibiotic resistance poses a severe global health crisis, necessitating new approaches to counter this growing threat. The problem is exacerbated in Gram‐negative bacterial pathogens as many antibiotics are unable to enter these cells owing to their unique additional outer membrane barrier. In this review, we discuss the challenges of targeting Gram‐negative bacteria, including the complexity of the outer membrane, as well as the presence of efflux pumps and β‐lactamases that contribute to resistance. We also review solutions proposed to facilitate the entry and accumulation of antibiotics in Gram‐negative bacteria. These involve using existing antibiotics in combination with other inhibitors to attack the bacterial cell synergistically. We also highlight approaches to target Gram‐negative pathogens via novel modes of action, providing new strategies to tackle antibiotic resistance.
E2F1/CDK5/DRP1 axis mediates microglial mitochondrial division and autophagy in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion injury
Authors: Yuan Ya‐Jing , Chen Tingting , Yang Yan‐Ling , Han Hao‐Nan , Xu Li‐Ming 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundThe integrity of brain function is at stake due to cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion injury (CIRI), which encompasses mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, and neuroinflammation. The role of E2F1 in mediating these processes in microglia during CIRI remains unclear.MethodsA CIRI mouse model was utilized for single‐cell RNA transcriptome sequencing of brain tissues. The research comprised diverse gene expression, gene ontology (GO), and the enrichment of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. Experimental techniques included oxygen‐glucose deprivation (OGD/R) cell models, RT‐qPCR, Western Blot, ChIP assays, and microglia‐neuron co‐cultures.ResultsA significant aspect highlighted in the study was the involvement of CDK5 in the induction of mitochondrial abnormalities associated with CIRI. Upregulation of E2F1 and CDK5 in post‐CIRI microglia was observed. E2F1 facilitated CDK5 transcription, leading to DRP1 phosphorylation, exacerbating neurotoxic effects. Silencing E2F1 improved neurobehavioral outcomes in CIRI mice.ConclusionsActivation of E2F1‐mediated CDK5 drives mitochondrial division while inhibiting mitophagy in microglia, triggering inflammation, neuronal apoptosis, and exacerbating CIRI damage. Targeting this pathway could offer novel therapeutic strategies for mitigating CIRI‐induced brain injury.Key points
Identification of the E2F1/CDK5/DRP1 Axis in CIRI This study reveals that the E2F1 transcription factor upregulates CDK5 expression, which in turn phosphorylates DRP1, promoting excessive mitochondrial fission and inhibiting mitophagy in microglia. This mechanism plays a critical role in cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion injury (CIRI).
Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neuroinflammation The activation of DRP1 leads to mitochondrial fragmentation and excessive ROS accumulation, triggering microglial activation and inflammatory responses, exacerbating neuronal apoptosis and brain injury in CIRI.
Therapeutic Potential of E2F1 Silencing Knockdown of E2F1 in microglia effectively reduces mitochondrial damage, restores mitophagy, suppresses inflammation, and improves neurological outcomes in a CIRI mouse model, highlighting a promising therapeutic target for ischemic stroke intervention.
Anti‐Doping Testing at FIFA World Cup 2022
Authors: AlQahtani Alanod D. , Abushareeda Wadha , Vonaparti Ariadni , Kraiem Suhail , ElSaftawy Wesal , Saad Khadija , Al‐Wahaibi Aisha , Hilal Nayla , Dbes Najib , Nimker Vandana , Weber Alexis , Beotra Alka , Al Maadheed Mohammed 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe 22nd FIFA World Cup, the world championship for national football teams, was held in Qatar from November 20th to December 18th, 2022. The doping control analysis was successfully conducted by the Anti‐Doping Laboratory Qatar (ADLQ) using its state‐of‐the‐art facilities and instrumentation. To meet the short reporting timeline of 24–72 h, additional staff was recruited, trained, and incorporated into the routine activities during the event period. Furthermore, six scientific experts from other World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA)‐accredited laboratories were also invited to ensure adequate staffing throughout the event.In total, 57 scientific and non‐scientific staff of ADLQ participated in the FIFA testing. A total of 1612 samples (623 urine, 622 serum, and 367 whole blood samples) were collected and analyzed. The number of serum samples that were tested for hGH using the isoform method had been the highest compared to any other sport event in the past. The results of all the analyzed urine and blood samples were negative, with two cases each being reported to contain the monitoring substance codeine and the confounding factor carboxy finasteride.
Genomic Insights From Natural History Collections Reveal Cryptic Speciation in Coral Guard Crabs (Family: Trapeziidae)
Authors: Pollard Kenzie , Leiva Carlos , Rouzé Heloise , Lemer Sarah 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMutualistic relationships such as the one between Trapezia crabs and coral colonies are common in reef organisms and play a crucial role in coral resilience and resistance to climate‐induced stressor, yet very little is known about the taxonomic diversity and evolutionary history of the species involved. Despite being essential actors of coral reefs and threatened by the ongoing degradation of their habitat, little genetic information is available for Trapezia crabs, including the exact number of species and their relationships. To overcome this limitation, we sampled Natural History Collections, an important and underutilized source of genomic data. We used a novel approach optimized for degraded DNA to generate high‐quality genomic data from a combination of 166 museum tissues and freshly collected samples and recovered a strongly supported phylogeny of the Trapezia genus, clarifying species relationships of a majority of taxa and suggesting the potential division of Trapezia into two genera. We then focused on the most widespread species T. bidentata and identified four distinct genetic clusters, suggesting high divergence and cryptic speciation in the Indian Ocean and the Marquesas Islands. Populations of the Central and West Pacific showed signs of admixture across a heterogeneous seascape, attributing to a potentially long pelagic dispersal phase and expansive gene pool. Our results highlight the need to further explore the genetic diversity within other Trapezia species and other coral‐associated organisms, as they are likely to exhibit more complex genetic patterns than previously understood.
Gradient surface metrics of ecosystem structural diversity and their relationship with productivity across macrosystems
Authors: LaRue Elizabeth A. , Rezendes Kylie M. , Choi Dennis H. , Wang Jianmin , Downing Anna G. , Fei Songlin , Hardiman Brady S. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractStructural diversity—the volume and physical arrangement of vegetation within the three‐dimensional (3D) space of ecosystems—is a predictor of ecosystem function that can be measured at large scales with remote sensing. However, the landscape composition and configuration of structural diversity across macrosystems have not been well described. Using a relatively recently developed method to quantify landscape composition and configuration of continuous habitat or terrain, we propose the application of gradient surface metrics (GSMs) to quantify landscape patterns of structural diversity and provide insights into how its spatial pattern relates to ecosystem function. We first applied an example set of GSMs that represent landscape heterogeneity, dominance, and edge density to Lidar‐derived structural diversity within 28 forested landscapes at National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) sites. Second, we tested for forest type, geographic location, and climate drivers of macroscale variation in GSMs of structural diversity (GSM‐SD). Third, we demonstrated the utility of these metrics for understanding spatial patterns of ecosystem function in a case study with NDVI, a proxy of productivity. We found that GSM‐SD varied in landscapes within macrosystems, with forest type, geographic location, and climate being significantly related to some but not all metrics. We also found that dominance of high peaks of height and vertical complexity of canopy vegetation and the heterogeneity of the vertical complexity and coefficient of variation of canopy vegetation height within 120‐m patches were negatively correlated with NDVI across the 28 NEON sites. However, forest type always had a significant interaction term between these GSM‐SD and NDVI relationships. Our study demonstrates that GSMs are useful to describe the landscape composition and configuration of structural diversity and its relationship with productivity that warrants further consideration for spatially motivated management decisions.
The Psychology of State Punishment
Authors: Wylie Jordan , Chiu Connie P. Y. , Dakin Nicolette M. , Cunningham William , Gantman Ana 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTA significant amount of punishment that happens in society is state punishment, that is, third‐party punishment carried out by an organized political community in response to a rule violation. We argue that a complete psychology of punishment must consider state punishment as a distinct form. State punishment is a unique type of punishment because it is a special case of third‐party punishment, pre‐specified to occur after the violation of official rules and policies, carried out by people acting on behalf of a nation or government. State punishment, especially as compared to interpersonal punishment, is regarded as a legitimate form of violence, which communicates not just disapproval but information about procedures and power. Moreover, state punishment is made possible by state rules, which, unlike norms, are formalized, can be fully articulated and are perfectly transmissible across generations. We end the paper with implications for the psychology of punishment more broadly and future directions for better understanding the unique psychology of state punishment.
Impact of modified Atkins diet on growth in infants and children with epilepsy
Authors: Chang Joshua , Schimpf Stephanie , Phitsanuwong Chalongchai 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveKetogenic diet (KD) is an effective treatment for epilepsy that has been widely used. Linear growth restriction has been a concern as a potential adverse effect of the KD, especially in young children and infants. Studies on the classic ketogenic diet (CKD) and its potential negative impact on linear growth have had varying results. Additional studies are needed to assess this concern in other varieties of the KD, such as the modified Atkins diet (MAD). The purpose of our study was to assess the impact that MAD had on growth metrics at various time points, paying particular attention to linear growth.MethodsThis study was a retrospective analysis of the MAD in children and infants with epilepsy. All participants were patients in the Ketogenic Diet clinic at The University of Chicago Comer Children's Hospital. Data were gathered at initial evaluation and again at visits at the 1‐, 6‐, and 12‐month marks.ResultsTwenty‐three patients were included in the analysis. Height, weight, and BMI Z‐scores were compared from baseline to the 6‐ and 12‐month marks. The analysis of the study showed no statistically significant difference in height Z‐score from baseline to 6 months (.12, p = .05) and 12 months (.269, p = .05) after the MAD initiation. When stratified by age group, there was no significant difference in height Z‐score from baseline to 12 months, including in the infant age group, age under 3 years, (.07, p = .05). Higher degrees of metabolic acidosis (serum bicarbonate <20 mEq/L), however, showed a statistically significant negative impact on linear growth while this association was not seen with the levels of average ketosis.SignificanceIn our study, the MAD does not have a significant negative impact on linear growth in infants and children with epilepsy for at least 12 months of treatment.
From Big Data to the Clinic: Methodological and Statistical Enhancements to Implement the UK Biobank Imaging Framework in a Memory Clinic
Authors: Gillis Grace , Bhalerao Gaurav , Blane Jasmine , Mitchell Robert , Pretorius Pieter M. , McCracken Celeste , Nichols Thomas E. , Smith Stephen M. , Miller Karla L. , Alfaro‐Almagro Fidel , Raymont Vanessa , Martos Lola , Mackay Clare E. , Griffanti Ludovica 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe analysis tools and statistical methods used in large neuroimaging research studies differ from those applied in clinical contexts, making it unclear whether these techniques can be translated to a memory clinic setting. The Oxford Brain Health Clinic (OBHC) was established in 2020 to bridge this gap between research studies and memory clinics. We optimised the UK Biobank imaging framework for the memory clinic setting by integrating enhanced quality control (QC) processes (MRIQC, QUAD, and DSE decomposition) and supplementary dementia‐informed analyses (lobar volumes, NBM volumes, WMH classification, PSMD, cortical diffusion MRI metrics, and tract volumes) into the analysis pipeline. We explored associations between resultant imaging‐derived phenotypes (IDPs) and clinical phenotypes in the OBHC patient population (N = 213), applying hierarchical FDR correction to account for multiple testing. 14%–24% of scans were flagged by automated QC tools, but upon visual inspection, only 0%–2.4% of outputs were excluded. The pipeline successfully generated 5683 IDPs aligned with UK Biobank and 110 IDPs targeted towards dementia‐related changes. We replicated established associations and found novel associations between brain metrics and age, cognition, and dementia‐related diagnoses. The imaging protocol is feasible, acceptable, and yields high‐quality data that is usable for both clinical and research purposes. We validated the use of this methodology in a real‐world memory clinic population, which demonstrates the potential of this enhanced pipeline to bridge the gap between big data studies and clinical settings.
Enhancement of Heat Transfer in Double‐Pipe Heat Exchangers Using Wavy Edge Twisted Tape With Varying Twist Ratios and Perforated Diameters
Authors: Saleh Zainab Mahdi , Al‐Turaihi Riyadh S. , Kadhim Zena Khalefa 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTA computational simulation of an enhanced double‐pipe heat exchanger equipped with inserted twisted tape. The Navier–Stokes, energy, and turbulence equations were employed to represent fluid flow and heat transmission, utilizing a k–ε model for turbulence. ANSYS Fluent 22 is used to solve the governing equations and investigate how the perforated wavy edge tape, along with the diameter of its holes (5, 15, and 30 mm), twisting ratio of a wavy edge twisted tape ratio (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3), affects heat transfer and pressure drop at ranging Reynolds numbers (6957–187,837), compared to a plain tube. Hot air is utilized in the inner tube, which incorporates twisted tapes to enhance turbulence and heat transfer and cold oil in the outer tube to establish a counter‐flow system and experience the improved flow's effects. Results demonstrate significant improvements in oil outlet temperature. The Nusselt number (Nu) increases with increasing Reynolds numbers and twist ratios; the enhanced tubes increase Nu and friction factor by about 41% and 2.6 times greater than the smooth tube. Increasing the Reynolds number and twisted tape ratio generally leads to higher heat transfer rates and pressure drop. Optimal configurations of PWETT with Tr = 2 and WET with a hole diameter of 30 mm gave the best thermal performance index (1.11 and 1.24) when balancing heat transfer and pressure drop. The findings provide valuable insights for designing and optimizing heat exchangers in applications demanding efficient heat transfer.
Tailored chemical processes: opportunities and challenges in shaping a sustainable future
Authors: Sánchez‐Ramírez Eduardo 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe chemical industry is at a critical juncture, where traditional mass production is increasingly being challenged by the need for more flexible, efficient and sustainable approaches. This perspective article explores the viability of tailored chemical production as a future model for the industry, focusing on the opportunities and challenges inherent in moving towards a more personalized, customer‐driven production paradigm. Tailored chemical processes have the potential to revolutionize how we meet rapidly evolving societal demands, adapt to shifting political landscapes such as the 2030 and 2050 sustainability agendas, and leverage technological advances in digitalization and automation. By critically analyzing the economic and environmental aspects, as well as the implications of advanced technologies such as process intensification, modular reactors and artificial intelligence, this article aims to provide a comprehensive view of whether a future of tailored chemical production is both viable and desirable. We also discuss the importance of aligning these processes with the principles of the circular economy and propose concrete steps the industry should take—including fostering collaboration between academia, industry, and government—to transition successfully towards this promising future. This perspective seeks to inspire a deeper consideration of the role that personalized chemical production can play in advancing sustainability, adaptability and resilience in the chemical sector. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).