bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathogens and Prognosis of Deep Neck Infection in End‐Stage Renal Disease Patients
Authors: Tsai Ming‐Shao , Yang Yao‐Hsu , Huang Tsung‐Yu , Tsai Yao‐Te , Lu Ang , Wu Ching‐Yuan , Hsu Cheng‐Ming , Liu Chia‐Yen , Lee Chuan‐Pin , Lin Meng‐Hung , Chang Pey‐Jium , Chang Geng‐He 
Published: November 2021

Objectives/HypothesisTo examine the pathogenic bacterial spectra and prognosis of deep neck infection (DNI) in end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) patients.Study DesignRetrospective study.MethodsPatients diagnosed with DNI between 2004 and 2015 in Chang Gung Memorial Hospital were enrolled and divided into three groups, namely ESRD‐DNI, chronic kidney disease (CKD)‐DNI, and non‐CKD‐DNI. Differences in pathogenic bacteria, treatment, and prognosis were compared across the three groups.ResultsThe bacterial spectra differed among the three groups. The main three facultative anaerobic or aerobic bacteria causing ESRD‐DNIs were methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA; 25.4%), methicillin‐susceptible S. aureus (MSSA; 14.1%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP; 12.7%). For CKD‐DNIs, they were KP (23.5%), Viridans streptococci (VS; 23.5%), and MSSA (14.7%). For non‐CKD‐DNIs, they were VS (31.7%), KP (17.2%), and coagulase‐negative staphylococci (8.0%). Compared with the other groups, the ESRD‐DNI group had higher white blood cell and C‐reactive protein levels, longer hospital stays, more frequent admissions to the intensive care unit, more mediastinal complications, and a significantly higher mortality rate.ConclusionsThe ESRD‐DNI group exhibited more severe disease activity and higher mortality compared with those of the CKD‐DNI and non‐CKD‐DNI groups. MRSA was the leading pathogen for patients with ESRD‐DNI. Physicians must implement strategies for the early detection of MRSA to accurately prescribe antibiotics and prevent nosocomial transmission.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 132:1403–1409, 2022
Contemporary management of paragangliomas of the head and neck
Authors: Cleere Eoin F. , Martin‐Grace Julie , Gendre Adrien , Sherlock Mark , O'Neill James P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHead and neck paragangliomas (HNPGLs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors typically arising from nonsecretory head and neck parasympathetic ganglia. Historically thought of as aggressive tumors that warranted equally aggressive surgical intervention, evidence has emerged demonstrating that the vast majority of HNPGLs are slow growing and indolent. It is also now recognized that a large proportion of HNPGLs are hereditary with succinate dehydrogenase gene mutations typically implicated. These recent advances have led to significant changes in the way in which clinicians investigate and treat HNPGLs with most now opting for more conservative treatment strategies. However, a proportion of patients present with more aggressive disease and still require nonconservative treatment strategies. Recent studies have sought to determine in which groups of patients the morbidity associated with treatment is justified. We summarize the recent advances in the understanding and management of these tumors and we provide our recommendations regarding the management of HNPGLs.
A learning approach to community response during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Applying the Cynefin framework to guide decision‐making
Authors: Holly Margaret , Bartels Sophia , Lewis Ninon , Howard Paul , Ramaswamy Rohit 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe United States has been unsuccessful in containing the rapid spread of COVID‐19. The complex epidemiology of the disease and the fragmented response to it has resulted in thousands of ways in which spread has occurred, creating a situation where each community needs to create its own local, context‐specific learning model while remaining compliant to county or state mandates.MethodsIn this paper, we demonstrate how cross sector collaborations can use the Cynefin Framework, a tool for decision‐making in complex systems, to guide community response to the COVID‐19 pandemic.ResultsWe explore circumstances under which communities can inhabit each of the four domains of systems complexity represented in the Cynefin framework: simple, complicated, chaotic, and complex, and describe the decision‐making process in each domain that balances health, economic, and social well‐being.ConclusionThis paper serves as a call to action for the creation of community learning systems to improve community resilience and capacity to make better‐informed decisions to address complex public health problems during the pandemic and beyond.
Multistep Growth “Polymerizations”
Authors: Nerantzaki Maria , Lutz Jean‐François 
Published: November 2021

AbstractChain‐growth and step‐growth polymerizations are the two main mechanisms that are classically used to synthesize polymers. In this article, a third approach that is usually not listed in polymer textbooks is described, namely multistep growth “polymerization.” This synthetic strategy does not proceed in one pot as the aforementioned ones but relies on a series of distinct chemical reactions. It includes different types of stepwise syntheses such as solid‐phase iterative chemistry, exponential iterative growth, and dendrimer synthesis. Although these methods are more time‐consuming and experimentally demanding than chain‐growth and step‐growth polymerizations, they allow a very high level of control over macromolecular structure. In particular, they enable a perfect control over molecular parameters such as chain‐length, molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, tacticity, and comonomer sequence. Here, the common “multistep growth” mechanism shared by all these approaches is described and critically analyzed. Furthermore, the structure, properties, and applications of the formed polymers are discussed. This manuscript can serve as a reference guide to understand and rationalize the emerging domain of precision polymer synthesis.
Super‐Hydrophilic Zwitterionic Polymer Surface Modification Facilitates Liquid Transportation of Microfluidic Sweat Sensors
Authors: Fu Fanfan , Wang Jilei , Tan Yurong , Yu Jing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe transportation of sweat in an epidermal sweat sensor is critical for the monitoring of biochemical compositions of human sweat. However, it is still a challenge to engineer microfluidic devices with super‐wetting channels for such epidermal sweat sensors. Herein, a zwitterionic poly (2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC) modified microfluidic device with super‐wetting and good liquid transport ability via an azo coupling reaction of PMPC onto the surface of polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic devices is reported. The obtained PMPC‐modified microfluidic device can be integrated with flexible electrochemical sensor to measure the ion compositions of human sweat in real‐time. The super‐hydrophilic zwitterionic polymer surface modification can greatly facilitate the transportation of body fluids in microfluidic sensors for the detection of various biomarkers. Such microfluidic sensors have great potential for next‐generation personalized healthcare.
TMEM151A Variants Cause Paroxysmal Kinesigenic Dyskinesia: A Large‐Sample Study
Authors: Tian Wo‐Tu , Zhan Fei‐Xia , Liu Zhen‐Hua , Liu Zhe , Liu Qing , Guo Xia‐Nan , Zhou Zai‐Wei , Wang Shi‐Ge , Liu Xiao‐Rong , Jiang Hong , Li Xun‐Hua , Zhao Guo‐Hua , Li Hai‐Yan , Tang Jian‐Guang , Bi Guang‐Hui , Zhong Ping , Yin Xiao‐Meng , Liu Tao‐Tao , Ni Rui‐Long , Zheng Hao‐Ran , Liu Xiao‐Li , Qian Xiao‐Hang , Wu Jing‐Ying , Cao Yu‐Wen , Zhang Chao , Liu Shi‐Hua , Wu Ying‐Ying , Wang Qun‐Feng , Xu Ting , Hou Wen‐Zhe , Li Zi‐Yi , Ke Hui‐Yi , Zhu Ze‐Yu , Zheng Lan , Wang Tian , Rong Tian‐Yi , Wu Li , Zhang Yu , Fang Kan , Wang Zhan‐Hang , Zhang Ya‐Kun , Zhang Mei , Zhao Yu‐Wu , Tang Bei‐Sha , Luan Xing‐Hua , Huang Xiao‐Jun , Cao Li 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundParoxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) is the most common type of paroxysmal dyskinesias. Only one‐third of PKD patients are attributed to proline‐rich transmembrane protein 2 (PRRT2) mutations.ObjectiveWe aimed to explore the potential causative gene for PKD.MethodsA cohort of 196 PRRT2‐negative PKD probands were enrolled for whole‐exome sequencing (WES). Gene Ranking, Identification and Prediction Tool, a method of case–control analysis, was applied to identify the candidate genes. Another 325 PRRT2‐negative PKD probands were subsequently screened with Sanger sequencing.ResultsTransmembrane Protein 151 (TMEM151A) variants were mainly clustered in PKD patients compared with the control groups. 24 heterozygous variants were detected in 25 of 521 probands (frequency = 4.80%), including 18 missense and 6 nonsense mutations. In 29 patients with TMEM151A variants, the ratio of male to female was 2.63:1 and the mean age of onset was 12.93 ± 3.15 years. Compared with PRRT2 mutation carriers, TMEM151A‐related PKD were more common in sporadic PKD patients with pure phenotype. There was no significant difference in types of attack and treatment outcome between TMEM151A‐positive and PRRT2‐positive groups.ConclusionsWe consolidated mutations in TMEM151A causing PKD with the aid of case–control analysis of a large‐scale WES data, which broadens the genotypic spectrum of PKD. TMEM151A‐related PKD were more common in sporadic cases and tended to present as pure phenotype with a late onset. Extensive functional studies are needed to enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of TMEM151A‐related PKD. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Prevention of Atopic Dermatitis in Mice by Lactobacillus Reuteri Fn041 Through Induction of Regulatory T Cells and Modulation of the Gut Microbiota
Authors: Zhao Yuning , Qi Ce , Li Xinyue , Lu Mengyao , Zhang Haowen , Zhou Jingbo , Dang Hongyang , Chen Jie , Li Shuangqi , Sun Jin , Yu Renqiang , Li Duo 
Published: November 2021

ScopeThe development of atopic dermatitis (AD) in infants is closely related to the lagging development of intestinal microbiota, including that inoculated by breast milk bacteria, and immune development. Lactobacillus reuteri Fn041 is a secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) ‐coated bacterium derived from human milk.Methods and ResultsWe intervene with L. reuteri Fn041 in maternal and offspring BALB/C mice during late gestation and lactation and after weaning of the pups, respectively. AD is then induced with MC903. L. reuteri Fn041 significantly suppresses AD symptoms such as skin swelling, mast cell, and eosinophil infiltration. This effect is attributed to the regulation of the systemic Th1 and Th2 cytokine ratios and the promotion of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cell proliferation in mesenteric lymph nodes. It is also associated with the regulation of intestinal microbiota, particularly promoting Lactobacillus and Akkermansia.ConclusionOur study strengthens the understanding that breast milk‐derived sIgA coated potential probiotics are involved in the development of infant intestinal microbiota, thus promoting immune development and preventing allergic diseases, and expanding the knowledge of breast milk sIgA and bacterial interactions on infant immune development.
Use of a DVH overlay technique for quality assurance of deformable image registration‐based dose accumulation
Authors: Kainz Kristofer , Garcia Alvarez Juan , Zhong Hualiang , Lim Sara , Ahunbay Ergun , Tai An , Erickson Beth , Lawton Colleen , Li X. Allen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeWe present a DVH overlay technique as a quality assurance (QA) metric for deformable image registration‐based dose accumulation (DIR‐DA). We use the technique to estimate the uncertainty in a DIR‐DA for a revised treatment plan, and to compare two different DIR algorithms.Materials and methodsThe required inputs to the DVH overlay workflow are deformably registered primary and secondary images, primary regions‐of‐interest (ROIs), and secondary dose distribution. The primary ROIs were forward warped to the secondary image, the secondary dose was inversely warped to the primary image, and the DVHs for each image were compiled. Congruent DVHs imply minimal inverse consistency error (ICE) within an ROI. For a pancreas case re‐planned after 21 fractions of a 29‐fraction course, the workflow was used to quantify dose accumulation error attributable to ICE, based on a hybrid contour‐and‐intensity‐based DIR. The usefulness of the workflow was further demonstrated by assessing the performance of two DIR algorithms (one free‐form intensity‐based, FFIB, the other using normalized correlation coefficients, NCC, over small neighborhood patches) as applied toward kilovoltage computed tomography (kVCT)‐to‐megavoltage computed tomography (MVCT) registration and five‐fraction dose accumulation of ten male pelvis cases.ResultsFor the re‐planned pancreas case, when applying the DVH‐overlay‐based uncertainties the resulting accumulated dose remained compliant with all but two of the original plan objectives. Among the male pelvis cases, FFIB and NCC DIR showed good invertibility within the planning target volume (PTV), according to the DVH overlay QA results. NCC DIR exhibited better invertibility for the bladder and rectum compared with FFIB. However, compared with FFIB, NCC DIR exhibited less regional deformation for the bladder and a tendency for increased local contraction of the rectum ROI. For the five‐fraction summations, ICE for the PTV V100%Rx is comparable for both algorithms (FFIB 0.8 ± 0.7%, NCC 0.7 ± 0.3%). For the bladder and rectum V70%Rx, ICE is greater for FFIB (1.8 ± 0.7% for bladder, 1.7 ± 0.6% for rectum) than for NCC (1.0 ± 0.3% for bladder, 1.0 ± 0.4% for rectum).ConclusionsThe DVH overlay technique identified instances in which a DIR exhibits favorable invertibility, implying low ICE in a DIR‐based dose accumulation. Differences in the overlaid DVHs can also estimate dose accumulation errors attributable to ICE for given ROIs.
A nine‐channel transmit/receive array for spine imaging at 10.5 T: Introduction to a nonuniform dielectric substrate antenna
Authors: Sadeghi‐Tarakameh Alireza , Jungst Steve , Lanagan Mike , DelaBarre Lance , Wu Xiaoping , Adriany Gregor , Metzger Gregory J. , Van de Moortele Pierre‐Francois , Ugurbil Kamil , Atalar Ergin , Eryaman Yigitcan 
Published: November 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to introduce a new antenna element with improved transmit performance, named the nonuniform dielectric substrate (NODES) antenna, for building transmit arrays at ultrahigh‐field.MethodsWe optimized a dipole antenna at 10.5 Tesla by maximizing the ‐SAR efficiency in a phantom for a human spine target. The optimization parameters included permittivity variation in the substrate, substrate thickness, antenna length, and conductor geometry. We conducted electromagnetic simulations as well as phantom experiments to compare the transmit/receive performance of the proposed NODES antenna design with existing coil elements from the literature.ResultsSingle NODES element showed up to 18% and 30% higher ‐SAR efficiency than the fractionated dipole and loop elements, respectively. The new element is substantially shorter than a commonly used dipole, which enables z‐stacked array formation; it is additionally capable of providing a relatively uniform current distribution along its conductors. The nine‐channel transmit/receive NODES array achieved 7.5% higher homogeneity than a loop array with the same number of elements. Excitation with the NODES array resulted in 33% lower peak 10g‐averaged SAR and required 34% lower input power than the loop array for the target anatomy of the spine.ConclusionIn this study, we introduced a new RF coil element: the NODES antenna. NODES antenna outperformed the widely used loop and dipole elements and may provide improved transmit/receive performance for future ultrahigh field MRI applications.
Configuration space representation of MRI sequences
Authors: Ganter Carl 
Published: November 2021

PurposeLocal solutions provide little intuition about the contrast, generated by MRI sequences with unbalanced gradients. A configuration space representation of the spin density allows to formalize signal localization and thereby overcome these limitations.Theory and MethodsThe continuous configuration model (CCM) constitutes a Fourier integral decomposition of the spin density, such that intrinsic tissue properties are separated from accumulated effects due to gradients and/or bulk off‐resonance. Thereby, any set of local dynamic equations is automatically transformed into a corresponding set of differential equations between configurations.ResultsThe CCM generalizes the Fourier‐based EPG formalism such that it becomes applicable to arbitrary MRI sequences. It enables a rigorous and concise treatment of signal localization (selective excitation, spatial encoding), inhomogeneous broadening and motion. Applied to frequency swept NMR, a close connection between SWIFT and SSFP sequences can be found.ConclusionThe CCM allows to view arbitrary MRI sequences from a signal processing perspective, which might simplify the development and optimization of novel imaging strategies.
Correlated functional connectivity and glucose metabolism in brain white matter revealed by simultaneous MRI/positron emission tomography
Authors: Guo Bin , Zhou Fugen , Li Muwei , Gore John C. , Ding Zhaohua 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeThere has been converging evidence of reliable detections of blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signals evoked by neural stimulation and in a resting state in white matter (WM), within which few studies examined the relationship between BOLD functional signals and tissue metabolism. The purpose of the present study was to explore whether such relationship exists using combined functional MRI and positron emission tomography (PET) measurements of glucose uptake.MethodsFunctional and metabolic imaging data from 25 right‐handed healthy human adults (aged 18–23 years, 18 females) were analyzed. Measures, including average resting state functional connectivity (FC) with respect to 82 Brodmann areas, fractional amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations (FALFF), and average fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake by PET, were computed for 48 predefined WM bundles. Pearson correlations across the bundles and 25 subjects studied were calculated among these measures. Linear mixed effects models were used to estimate the variance explainable by a predictor variable in the absence of inter‐subject variations.ResultsAnalysis of six separate imaging intervals found that average FC the bundles was significantly correlated with local FDG uptake (r = 0.25, p < 0.001), and the FC also covaried significantly with FALFF (r = 0.41, p < 0.001). When random effects from inter‐subject variations were controlled, these correlations appeared to be medium to strong (r = 0.41 for FC vs. FDG uptake, and r = 0.65 for FALFF vs. FC).ConclusionThis study indicates that BOLD signals in WM are directly related to variations in metabolic demand and engagement with cortical processing and suggests they should be incorporated into more complete models of brain function.
On reliability improvement for coherent systems with a relevation
Authors: Wu Junyan , Ding Weiyong , Zhang Yiying , Zhao Peng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTaking repair action has proven to be an effective and flexible way to maintain the proper functioning of reliability systems. As a generalization of the minimal repair policy, the relevation is one of models for describing the repair effect. However, there are few studies in the literature dealing with the optimal allocation problem of repair resources to coherent systems because of their complex distribution theory. In this study, we tackle the allocation problem of a single relevation resource for coherent systems. Sufficient conditions based on the orderings among components lifetimes and repair effects are established for improving the system reliability by distinguishing the structural relationships of the minimal path/cut sets, which answer the problems proposed by Belzunce et al. Several numerical examples are also presented to illustrate the main results.
Simultaneous bilateral T1, T2, and T1ρ relaxation mapping of the hip joint with magnetic resonance fingerprinting
Authors: Sharafi Azadeh , Zibetti Marcelo V. W. , Chang Gregory , Cloos Martijn A. , Regatte Ravinder R. 
Published: November 2021

Quantitative MRI can detect early biochemical changes in cartilage, but its bilateral use in clinical routines is challenging. The aim of this prospective study was to demonstrate the feasibility of magnetic resonance fingerprinting for bilateral simultaneous T1, T2, and T1ρ mapping of the hip joint. The study population consisted of six healthy volunteers with no known trauma or pain in the hip. Monoexponential T1, T2, and T1ρ relaxation components were assessed in femoral lateral, superolateral, and superomedial, and inferior, as well as acetabular, superolateral, and superomedial subregions in left and right hip cartilage. Aligned ranked nonparametric factorial analysis was used to assess the side's impact on the subregions. Kruskal–Wallis and Wilcoxon tests were used to compare subregions, and coefficient of variation to assess repeatability. Global averages of T1 (676.0 ± 45.4 and 687.6 ± 44.5 ms), T2 (22.5 ± 2.6 and 22.1 ± 2.5 ms), and T1ρ (38.2 ± 5.5 and 38.2 ± 5.5 ms) were measured in the left and right hip, and articular cartilage, respectively. The Kruskal–Wallis test showed a significant difference between different subregions’ relaxation times regardless of the hip side (p < 0.001 for T1, p = 0.012 for T2, and p < 0.001 for T1ρ). The Wilcoxon test showed that T1 of femoral layers was significantly (p < 0.003) higher than that for acetabular cartilage. The experiments showed excellent repeatability with CVrms of 1%, 2%, and 4% for T1, T2, and T1ρ, respectively. It was concluded that bilateral T1, T2, and T1ρ relaxation times, as well as B1+ maps, can be acquired simultaneously from hip joints using the proposed MRF sequence.
Preparation of high‐efficient ethylene‐vinyl acetate‐based thermal management materials by reducing interfacial thermal resistance with the assistance of polydopamine
Authors: Wang Shuzhan , He Hui , Huang Bai 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe rapid development of electronic technology puts forward higher requirements for thermal management materials. In this paper, polydopamine (PDA) was employed to improve the interfacial interaction between filler and matrix, and then to further regulate the interfacial thermal resistance and thermal conductivity of ethylene‐vinyl acetate (EVA) composites. It was found that boron nitride (BN) sheets and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can fully exert the synergistic heat conduction effect with the assistance of PDA, and construct continuous and efficient heat conduction channels in EVA matrix. When 30 vol% BN and 2 vol% CNTs were added, the in‐plane thermal conductivity of the composite reached 9.61 W·m−1·K−1, which was about 3225% higher than that of EVA matrix. The contribution of PDA to auxiliary enhanced thermal conductivity was further verified by the fitting and calculation of the interfacial thermal resistance of the composites. In addition, the EVA composite material had sensitive thermal response and stable electrical insulation properties, which ensured its thermal management applications in electronic equipment.