bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subgap Dynamics of Double Quantum Dot Coupled Between Superconducting and Normal Leads
Authors: Baran Bartłomiej , Taranko Ryszard , Domański Tadeusz 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Dynamical processes induced by the external time-dependent fields can provide valuable insight into the characteristic energy scales of a given physical system. We investigate them here in a nanoscopic heterostructure, consisting of the double quantum dot coupled in series to the superconducting and the metallic reservoirs, analyzing its response to (i) abrupt bias voltage applied across the junction, (ii) sudden change of the energy levels, and imposed by (iii) their periodic driving. We explore subgap properties of this setup which are strictly related to the in-gap quasiparticles and discuss their signatures manifested in the time-dependent charge currents. The characteristic multi-mode oscillations, their beating patters and photon-assisted harmonics reveal a rich spectrum of dynamical features that might be important for designing the superconducting qubits.
WITHDRAWN: Microscopic Reaction Mechanism of Formic Acid Generated During Pyrolysis of Cellulosic Insulating Paper
Authors: Zheng Hanbo , Yang Enchen , Li Xufan , Yang Tao , Wang Zijian , Feng Yongji 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Cellulosic insulating paper is the component part of the insulation in power transformers. Under thermal stress inside the transformer, cellulosic insulating paper degrades to generate formic acid that will dissolve in insulating oil. In addition, the generation of formic acid further accelerates the aging process of insulating paper. This study took cellulose molecule with DP of 2 that was composed of D-glucose as the research object, the ReaxFF reaction force field was used to simulate the high temperature thermal aging process of cellulose. This study obtained the main reaction pathways of cellulose pyrolysis to generate formic acid. During the pyrolysis process, the number of formic acid molecules presented short-term fluctuations, which was the phenomenon of disappearance and regeneration of formic acid molecules. The combined element tracing method obtained three pathways of cellulose pyrolysis to generate formic acid: 1) The ether group oxygen atom O5(O'5) and C1(C'1) form a carbonyl group to generate formic acid. 2) Dehydrogenation of the primary alcohol hydroxyl group and the attached C atom form a carbonyl group to generate formic acid. 3) Dehydrogenation of the secondary alcohol hydroxyl group and the attached C atom form a carbonyl group to generate formic acid. Statistics found that the generation of formic acid molecules mainly come from the first pathway. The pre-exponential factor and activation energy of the calculated pyrolysis model were consistent with the experimental results. This study designed the accelerated thermal aging experiment of oil-paper insulation. The silanization derivatization method was used to detect the formic acid generated by the aging of insulating paper, which further verified the feasibility of formic acid as an index for evaluating the aging of cellulosic insulating paper.
Molecular Characterization of Chikungunya Virus Isolates From Two Localized Outbreaks During 2014-2019 in Kerala, India
Authors: Balakrishnan Anukumar , Thounaojam Asia Devi , Babu Aishwarya , Koshy Jijo , L Nikhil T , Purushottaman Sugunan Attayur 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
After the 2005-2009 chikungunya epidemic, intermittent outbreaks were reported in many parts of India. The outbreaks were caused by either locally circulating strains or imported viruses. Virus transmission route can be traced by complete genome sequencing studies. We investigated two outbreaks in the year 2014 and 2019 in Kerala, India. The chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was isolated from the samples and whole genome was sequenced for a 2014 isolate and a 2019 isolate. The phylogenetic tree revealed that the isolates formed a separate group with 2019 isolate from Pune, Maharashtra and belonged to the East/ Central/ South African (ECSA) genotype, Indian subcontinent sub lineage of Indian Ocean Lineage (IOL). A novel mutation at amino acid position 76 of E2 gene was observed in the group. The phylogenetic results suggest that the outbreaks might have caused by a virus, which has been circulating in India since 2014. Furthermore a detailed study is necessary to find out the evolution of CHIKV in India.
microRNA-30c attenuates fibrosis progression and vascular dysfunction in systemic sclerosis model mice
Authors: Kanno Yosuke , Shu En , Niwa Hirofumi , Seishima Mariko , Ozaki Kei-ichi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterized by the fibrosis of skin and visceral organs, and peripheral circulatory disturbance. We recently demonstrated that α2-antiplasmin (α2AP) is elevated in SSc dermal fibroblasts and SSc model mice, and is associated with fibrosis progression and vascular dysfunction. In the present study, we predicted that α2AP could be a target of microRNA-30c (miR-30c) using TargetScan online database, and investigated the effect of miR-30c on the pathogenesis of SSc using a bleomycin-induced SSc model mice. miR-30c attenuated α2AP expression, and prevented the pro-fibrotic changes (increased dermal thickness, collagen deposition, myofibroblast accmulation) and the vascular dysfunction (the reduction of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and blood flow) in the skin of SSc model mice. Furthermore, miR-30c suppressed pulmonary fibrosis progression in the SSc model mice. These findings suggest that miR-30c exerts the anti-fibrotic and anti-angiopathy effects on SSc model mice, and might provide a basis for clinical strategies for SSc.
Proper Border Length Can Improve Soil Water Distribution, Promote Grain Yield of Winter Wheat, and Potentially Save Water Resources
Authors: Yan Feilong , Shi Yu , Yu Zhenwen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
With water resources becoming scarcer and a growing demand for increased food supplies, there is an urgent need to maximize the efficiency of irrigation systems. We aimed to find a suitable border length to reduce the quantity of irrigation water through a traditional border irrigation system and, thus, alleviate groundwater depletion in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain (3HP). A 2-year experiment (2017–2019) was conducted in 3HP, which three border lengths were tested: 15 m (L15), 25 m (L25), and 35 m (L35); supplementary irrigation was implemented during jointing and anthesis, inflow cutoff was set at 90%, and set a control treatment without irrigation (CK). The results showed that L25 significantly improved soil water distribution after irrigation, and increased soil water consumption compared with L15 and L35. The the dry matter accumulation post-anthesis was also higher in L25 than in the other treatments, as well as the WUE. The correlation analysis of soil water content after irrigation with yield confirmed that L25 was more conducive to high grain yield. Hence, under these test conditions, the irrigation field treatments with a border length of 25 m were considered the most efficient, given that these allow the reduction of the amount of water necessary for irrigation without compromising grain yield of winter wheat.
Effects of Mikania Sesquiterpene Lactones on Soil Microbes
Authors: Yu Hanxia , Roux Johannes J. Le , Zhao Mengxin , Li Weihua 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background and aims Allelopathy is frequently invoked as being important for successful invasion by non-native plants. Yet, the effects of specific phytochemicals of invasive plants on soil microbes remain unexplored. Methods Here we used manipulative experiments and next generation sequencing (NGS) approaches to investigate how the sesquiterpene lactones (STLs) of invasive Mikania micrantha influence soil microbial communities and nutrients.Results We found Mikania STLs to significantly increase the regulation of soil microbial activity (i.e. increased CO2 concentrations). Using the specific STL, dihydromikanolide, we found available soil nutrients to increase in the presence of this phytochemical and that bacterial richness increased while fungal richness decreased. The presence of dihydromikanolide also increased the abundance of beneficial soil bacteria and fungi associated with nutrient cycling and supply, while simultaneously lowering pathogen abundance. Clustering analysis found bacterial functional groups, such as those involved in carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur metabolism, to be similar in experimentally-treated dihydromikanolide soils and Mikania-invaded soils collected from the field, but significantly higher than those in uninvaded soils. This suggests that M. micrantha can enhance certain bacterial functional groups via its phytochemicals. Soil fungi, on the other hand, appeared to be less sensitive to dihydromikanolide than bacteria. Conclusions We conclude Mikania STLs, and in particular dihydromikanolide, may be key factors in determining soil microbial structure and function and may contribute to the invasion success of the species. Our findings provided a new perspective for understanding the effects of invasive plants on soil microbial communities via their impacts through phytochemicals.
Effectiveness and Safety of Apixaban in Japanese Elderly Atrial Fibrillation Patients With Extremely Low Body Weight
Authors: Kadosaka Takahide , Nagai Toshiyuki , Suzuki Shinya , Sakuma Ichiro , Akao Masaharu , Yamashita Takeshi , Okumura Ken , Anzai Toshihisa 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Although direct oral anticoagulants are effective and safe in preventing stroke in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with low body weight, data remain limited in AF patients with extremely low body weight (< 50 kg). We aimed to investigate the effectiveness and safety of apixaban in this category of patients.
Methods
The J-ELD AF Registry is a large-scale, multicenter prospective observational study of Japanese non-valvular AF patients aged ≥ 75 years taking on-label doses of apixaban. The entire cohort (3,025 patients from 110 institutions) was divided into three body weight subgroups: >60 kg (n = 1,019, 33.7 %), 50–60 kg (n = 1,126, 37.2 %), and < 50 kg (n = 880, 29.1%).
Results
The event incidence rates (/100 person-years) were 1.69, 1.82 and 1.23 for stroke or systemic embolism (P = 0.60); 1.37, 1.73 and 2.73 for bleeding requiring hospitalization (P = 0.154); 2.02, 2.67 and 4.92 for total death (P = 0.003); and 0.73, 0.95 and 1.23 for cardiovascular death (P = 0.57), respectively. After adjusting for confounders by Cox regression analysis, body weight < 50 kg was an independent risk for total death but not for stroke or systemic embolism, bleeding requiring hospitalization or cardiovascular death.
Conclusions
The incidence of events in each body weight group was comparable for stroke or systemic embolism, bleeding requiring hospitalization, and cardiovascular death, and significantly higher for total death in the body weight < 50 kg group in Japanese non-valvular AF patients aged ≥ 75 years taking on-label doses of apixaban.
Dielectric relaxation in amorphous and crystalline Sb2Te3 thin films
Authors: Kononov Aleksei , Castro Rene Alejandro , Saito Yuta , Fons Paul , Bordovsky Gennady , Anisimova Nadezhda , Kolobov Alexandr 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Sb2Te3 is an end-point of the GeTe-Sb2Te3 quasibinary tie-line that represents phase-change alloys widely used in optical and non-volatile phase-change memory devices. In the crystalline form it is also a prototypical topological insulator with a layered structure where covalently bonded quintuple layers are held together by weak van der Waals forces. One of the ways to fabricate a crystalline phase is solid-state crystallisation of an amorphous film, whereby the three-dimensional (3D) structure relaxes to the two-dimensional (2D) crystalline phase. The mechanism of the 3D-2D transformation remains unclear. In this work, we performed a study of relaxation processes in thin Sb2Te3 films in both amorphous and crystalline phases. We found that both phases possess two kinds of relaxators (type I and type II), where the type I fragments are identical in the two phases, while the relaxation of type II fragments are shifted to lower temperature in the amorphous phases. The activation energies of the associated relaxation processes and the values of the Havriliak-Negami parameters were determined. The differences between the relaxation processes in the two phases are discussed. The obtained result will contribute to better understanding of the 3D-2D transformation during the crystallisation of van der Waals solids.
Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Protect Neurons by Inhibiting Microglial Inflammation
Authors: Yan Ke , Bian Jia-rong , He Liang , Song Bing-wei , Dong Lun , He Jia-wei , Shen Lin-hai , Zhou Xin-zhi , Zhen Yong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Microglia are considered neurotoxic when activated. Regulating microglial activity during inflammatory stress is an important aspect in treating many central nervous system (CNS) diseases because microglia produce various substances that affect neurons and glial cells. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) have been shown to have a therapeutic effect following neuronal damage, which is attributed to the fact that ADSCs can differentiate into neurons or produce neurotrophic factors. However, whether ADSCs play a therapeutic role by affecting microglial activity is unclear. In this study, microglia were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to trigger an inflammatory response, and these activated microglia were co-cultured either directly with ADSCs or in ADSCs-conditioned media (ADSCs-CM). ADSCs or ADSCs-CM significantly inhibited not only microglia migration and phagocytosis but also the secretion of proinflammatory factors by microglia. Furthermore, primary hippocampal neurons were cultured with activated microglia in a Transwell co-culture system, and ADSCs or ADSCs-CM were added to investigate whether ADSCs could influence neuronal apoptosis. ADSCs could significantly inhibit neuronal apoptosis in the inflammatory state. The experimental results provided evidence that ADSCs might control microglial activation by producing different substances, indicating that ADSCs can be effective therapeutic strategies for treating diseases associated with microglial inflammation.
A new constructed wetland combined with microbial desalination cell and its application
Authors: Zhao zhimiao , Mengqi Cheng , Yanan Li , Xinshan Song , Yuhui Wang , Zhang Yinjiang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Wastewater recycling can alleviate the shortage of water resources. Saline water is seldom treated with biological processes and the recycling utilization is low. Constructed wetland (CW) is a safe and economical ecological water treatment. However, the saline water treatment performance of CW is not good. Microbial desalination cell (MDC) utilizing the bioelectro-chemical principle achieves the functions of desalination and power generation. In this study, MDC was used to strengthen CW to form a composite system, MDC-CW, through optimizing design parameters. MDC-CW was applied in the treatment of salt-containing water. The average total nitrogen removal rate in MDC-CW-P1 reached 87.33% and the average COD removal rate was 92.79%. The average desalination rate of MDC-CW-P1 was 55.78% and the average voltage of MDC-CW-P1 reached 0.40 mV. It was found that planting canna indica in the MDC-CW was conducive to the functions of desalination and power generation. The above results were also verified by the microbial testing results of gravels in substrate, plant rhizosphere and electrodes. In addition, the decontamination of the device mainly depended on the functions of the bacteria commonly used in water treatment, such as Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, whereas the generation of power depended on the function of Geobacter. Salt ions moved spontaneously to the cathode and anode under the premise of current generation, so that the desalination function was realized under the selective isolation function of exchange membranes. The device design and laboratory application of MDC-CW experimentally accomplished the electrochemical technology and enlarged the treatment scale of CW.
Chronic effects of different neuromuscular training on hemodynamic responses estimated vo2max and walking performance in the elderly
Authors: Scartoni Fabiana Rodrigues , Sant’Ana Leandro Oliveira , Vianna Jeferson Macedo , Machado Sérgio , Dantas Estélio Henrique Martin , Budde Henning 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Resistance training is an excellent intervention for obtaining different physiological improvements in the elderly. The present study aimed to investigate the chronic effects of different neuromuscular training on cardiovascular, cardiorespiratory, and walking performance responses in the elderly. One hundred five people (64 women and 41 men) participated in the study, physically active, all over 60 years old. They were randomized to compose three groups: Strength Group, (n = 35), Resistance Group (n = 35), and Control Group, (n = 35). Both experimental groups (Strength Group and resistance group) performed four weeks of adaptation and 12 weeks of specific training. The Strength Group and the resistance group did four weeks adaptation phase and 12 weeks intervention load with 70-85% and 50-70%, respectively. The same exercise program was used in the experimental groups, using the alternating method by segment with the bench press, squat, one-sided curved stroke, leg extension, biceps curl, knee flexion, Triceps forehead. Both strength and resistance groups carried out two weekly sessions with an interval of at least 48 and a maximum of 72 hours. A pre and post-evaluation of resting heart rate (HR), blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), rate pressure product (RPP) was performed, and oxygen absorption (VO2max) and walking performance were estimated through the 1600 test meters. In systolic pressure, there was an improvement for the Strength Group (p=0.007) but not for the resistance group (p=0.172) and control group (p=0.999). Between groups, differences were observed between the Strength Group with the control group (p <0.0001). For diastolic pressure, there was a difference for the Strength Group (p=0.000) and not for the resistance group (p=0.916) and the control group (p=0.107). in an inter-group comparison, differences were observed for the Strength Group (p<0.0001) and resistance group (p=0.001) when compared with the control group. For heart hate and double product, in the intra-group analysis, no difference was observed (p>0.05), but in the intergroup, for both variables, the difference was observed for the Strength Group and resistance group when compared with the control group (p<0.0001). Concerning VO2max, the resistance group presents better intra and inter-group results (p<0.05). In walking performance, there were improvements for the Strength Group (p=0.027) and resistance group (p<0.0001). among the groups, the resistance group was the best compared to the Strength Group (p=0.000) and the control group (p<0.0001). Conclusion resistance training can be a great strategy for hemodynamic and cardiorespiratory improvement in the elderly.
AFibNet: An Implementation of Atrial Fibrillation Detection With Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Tutuko Bambang , Nurmaini Siti , Tondas Alexander Edo , Rachmatullah Muhammad Naufal , Darmawahyuni Annisa , Esafri Ria , Firdaus Firdaus , Sapitri Ade Iriani 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Generalization model capacity of deep learning (DL) approach for atrial fibrillation (AF) detection remains lacking. It can be seen from previous researches, the DL model formation used only a single frequency sampling of the specific device. Besides, each electrocardiogram (ECG) acquisition dataset produces a different length and sampling frequency to ensure sufficient precision of the R-R intervals to determine the Heart Rate Variability (HRV). An accurate HRV is the gold standard for predicting the AF condition. Hence, we propose a DL approach to analyze massive amounts of ECG raw data in a broad range of devices to overcome a current challenge.Results: This paper demonstrates powerful results for end-to-end implementation of AF detection based on a convolutional neural network (AFibNet). The method used a single learning system without considering the variety of signal lengths and frequency samplings. For implementation, the AFibNet is processed with a computational cloud-based DL approach. This study utilized a one-dimension convolutional neural networks (1D-CNNs) model for 11,842 subjects. It was trained and validated with 8,232 records based on three datasets and tested with 3,610 records based on eight datasets. The predicted results, when compared with the diagnosis results indicated by human practitioners, showed a 99.80% accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. When tested with unseen data, the AF detection reaches 98.94% accuracy, 98.97% sensitivity, and 98.97% specificity in 0.02 seconds for one instance when processed in theDL-Cloud System.Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that the proposed model approach can used in a broad range of devices and validated to unknown data to derive feature maps and reliably detect the AF periods. We have found that our cloud-DL system is suitable for practical deployment.
Multi-class Classification Method of Support Vector Machine Based on Error Correction Coding
Authors: Junfei Li , Longhai Zhao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the space radiation environment, there will be many errors in the multi-classification results of support vector machine which caused by single event flipping , the ability of correcting classification errors through error correction coding is studied in this paper, results of simulation confirm that error correction coding can increase the accuracy ,which is beneficial for anti-single event flip.
Identification of novel candidate CD8+ T cell epitopes of the SARS-CoV2 with homology to other seasonal coronaviruses
Authors: Pushpakumara Pradeep , Madusanka Deshan , Danasekara Saubhagyagya , Jeewandara Chandima , Ogg Graham , Malavige Gathsaurie Neelika 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Individuals who have not been exposed to the SARS-CoV2 virus have been shown to have T cells that respond to the virus, possibly due to the presence of cross-reactive T cell responses to other seasonal human coronaviruses (HCoVs). Such cross-reactive T cell immunity may lead to immunopathology or protection.
Results
To understand the influence of such cross-reactive T cell responses, we used IEDB (Immune epitope database) and NetMHCpan (ver. 4.1) to identify candidate CD8 + T cell epitopes, restricted through HLA-A and B alleles, which are seen in a frequency of > 10% in the Sri Lankan population. Conservation analysis was carried out for these candidate epitopes with the HCoVs, OC43, HKU1, NL63 and with the current circulating different variants of SARS-CoV2. 12/18 the candidate CD8 + T cell epitopes (binding score of ≥ 0.90), which had a high degree of homology (> 75%) with the other three HCoVs were within the NSP12 and NSP13 proteins. They were predicted to be restricted through HLA-A*2402, HLA-A*201, HLA-A*206 and HLA-B alleles B*3501. 31 candidate CD8 + T cell epitopes that were specific to SARS-CoV2 virus (< 25% homology with other HCoVs) were predominantly identified within the structural proteins (spike, envelop, membrane and nucleocapsid) and the NSP1, NSP2 and NSP3. They were predominantly restricted through HLA-B*3501 (6/31), HLA-B*4001 (6/31), HLA-B*4403(7/31) and HLA-A*2402 (8/31). The candidate CD8 + T cell epitopes that were homologous or were specific, with a binding score of ≥ 0.90, were found to be highly conserved within the SARS-CoV2 variants identified so far.
Conclusions
It would be crucial to understand T cell responses that associate with protection and the differences in the functionality and phenotype of epitope specific T cell responses, presented through different HLA alleles common in different geographical groups in order to understand disease pathogenesis.