bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct Ink Writing of Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3‐Based Solid‐State Electrolytes with Customized Shapes and Remarkable Electrochemical Behaviors
Authors: Liu Zixian , Tian Xiaocong , Liu Min , Duan Shanshan , Ren Yazhou , Ma Hui , Tang Kang , Shi Jianpeng , Hou Shuen , Jin Hongyun , Cao Guozhong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAll‐solid‐state lithium batteries have received extensive attention due to their high safety and promising energy density and are considered as the next‐generation electrochemical energy storage system. However, exploring solid‐state electrolytes in customized geometries without sacrificing the ionic transport is significant yet challenging. Herein, various 3D printable Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP)‐based inks are developed to construct ceramic and hybrid solid‐state electrolytes with arbitrary shapes as well as high conductivities. The obtained inks show suitable rheological behaviors and can be successfully extruded into solid‐state electrolytes using the direct ink writing (DIW) method. As‐printed free‐standing LATP ceramic solid‐state electrolytes deliver high ionic conductivity up to 4.24 × 10−4 S cm−1 and different shapes such as “L”, “T,” and “+” can be easily realized without sacrificing high ionic transport properties. Moreover, using this printing method, LATP‐based hybrid solid‐state electrolytes can be directly printed on LiFePO4 cathodes for solid‐state lithium batteries, where a high discharge capacity of 150 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C is obtained. The DIW strategy for solid‐state electrolytes demonstrates a new way toward advanced solid‐state energy storage with the high ionic transport and customized manufacturing ability.
The Impact of Lipid Digestion on the Dynamic and Structural Properties of Micelles
Authors: Pink Demi L. , Foglia Fabrizia , Barlow David J. , Lawrence M. Jayne , Lorenz Christian D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSelf‐assembled, lipid‐based micelles, such as those formed by the short‐chain phosphocholine, dihexanoylphosphatidylcholine (2C6PC), are degraded by the pancreatic enzyme, phospholipase A2 (PLA2). Degradation yields 1‐hexanoyl‐lysophosphocholine (C6LYSO) and hexanoic acid (C6FA) products. However, little is known about the behavior of these products during and after the degradation of 2C6PC. In this work, a combination of static and time‐resolved small angle neutron scattering, as well as all‐atom molecular dynamics simulations, is used to characterize the structure of 2C6PC micelles. In doing so a detailed understanding of the substrate and product aggregation behavior before, during and after degradation is gained. Consequently, the formation of mixed micelles containing 2C6PC, C6LYSO and C6FA is shown at every stage of the degradation process, as well as the formation of mixed C6LYSO/C6FA micelles after degradation is complete. The use of atomistic molecular dynamics has allowed us to characterize the structure of 2C6PC, 2C6PC/C6LYSO/C6FA, and C6LYSO/C6FA micelles throughout the degradation process, showing the localization of the different molecular species within the aggregates. In addition, the hydration of the 2C6PC, C6LYSO, and C6FA species both during micellization and as monomers in aqueous solution is documented to reveal the processes driving their micellization.
Nuclear Stiffness Decreases with Disruption of the Extracellular Matrix in Living Tissues
Authors: McCreery Kaitlin P. , Xu Xin , Scott Adrienne K. , Fajrial Apresio K. , Calve Sarah , Ding Xiaoyun , Neu Corey P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractReciprocal interactions between the cell nucleus and the extracellular matrix lead to macroscale tissue phenotype changes. However, little is known about how the extracellular matrix environment affects gene expression and cellular phenotype in the native tissue environment. Here, it is hypothesized that enzymatic disruption of the tissue matrix results in a softer tissue, affecting the stiffness of embedded cell and nuclear structures. The aim is to directly measure nuclear mechanics without perturbing the native tissue structure to better understand nuclear interplay with the cell and tissue microenvironments. To accomplish this, an atomic force microscopy needle‐tip probe technique that probes nuclear stiffness in cultured cells to measure the nuclear envelope and cell membrane stiffness within native tissue is expanded. This technique is validated by imaging needle penetration and subsequent repair of the plasma and nuclear membranes of HeLa cells stably expressing the membrane repair protein CHMP4B‐GFP. In the native tissue environment ex vivo, it is found that while enzymatic degradation of viable cartilage tissues with collagenase 3 (MMP‐13) and aggrecanase‐1 (ADAMTS‐4) decreased tissue matrix stiffness, cell and nuclear membrane stiffness is also decreased. Finally, the capability for cell and nucleus elastography using the AFM needle‐tip technique is demonstrated. These results demonstrate disruption of the native tissue environment that propagates to the plasma membrane and interior nuclear envelope structures of viable cells.
Robust Anode‐Supported Cells with Fast Oxygen Release Channels for Efficient and Stable CO2 Electrolysis at Ultrahigh Current Densities
Authors: Li Tianpei , Wang Tengpeng , Wei Tao , Hu Xun , Ye Zhengmao , Wang Zhi , Dong Dehua , Chen Bin , Wang Huanting , Shao Zongping 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHigh‐temperature electrolysis using solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) provides a promising way for the storage of renewable energy into chemical fuels. During the past, nickel‐based cathode‐supported thin‐film electrolyte configuration was widely adopted. However, such cells suffer from the serious challenge of anode delamination at high electrolysis currents due to enormous gaseous oxygen formation at the anode‐electrolyte interface with insufficient adhesion caused by low sintering temperatures for ensuring high anode porosity and cathode pulverization because of potential nickel redox reaction. Here, the authors propose, fabricate, and test asymmetric thick anode‐supported SOECs with firm anode‐electrolyte interface and graded anode gas diffusion channel for realizing efficient and stable electrolysis at ultrahigh currents. Such a specially structured anode allows the co‐sintering of anode support and electrolyte at high temperatures to form strong interface adhesion while suppressing anode sintering. The mixed oxygen‐ion and electron conducting anode with graded channel structure provides a fast oxygen release pathway, large anode surface for oxygen evolution reaction, and excellent support for depositing nanocatalysts, to further improve oxygen evolution activity. As a result, the as‐prepared cells demonstrate both high performance, comparable or even higher than state‐of‐the‐art cathode‐supported SOECs, and outstanding stability at a record current density of 2.5 A cm−2.
Triggered Dimerization and Trimerization of DNA Tetrahedra for Multiplexed miRNA Detection and Imaging of Cancer Cells
Authors: Zhou Zhixin , Fan Daoqing , Wang Jianbang , Sohn Yang Sung , Nechushtai Rachel , Willner Itamar 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe reversible and switchable triggered reconfiguration of tetrahedra nanostructures from monomer tetrahedra structures into dimer or trimer structures is introduced. The triggered bridging of monomer tetrahedra by K+‐ion‐stabilized G‐quadruplexes or T‐A•T triplexes leads to dimer or trimer tetrahedra structures that are separated by crown ether or basic pH conditions, respectively. The signal‐triggered dimerization/trimerization of DNA tetrahedra structures is used to develop multiplexed miRNA‐sensing platforms, and the tetrahedra mixture is used for intracellular sensing and imaging of miRNAs.
Sectional analysis of the flexural creep of cracked fiber reinforced concrete
Authors: Vrijdaghs Rutger , di Prisco Marco , Vandewalle Lucie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a sectional analysis of cracked fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) under flexural loading. The approach considers three separate loading conditions: monotonic, cyclic, and creep bending loads. Different parts of the approach are experimentally calibrated and validated with tests on polypropylene FRC. In the monotonic regime, numerical optimization is used to find the optimal stress–strain relation of FRC to capture the experimental bending behavior as closely as possible, while satisfying the horizontal force and bending moment equilibrium. To model the cyclic behavior, the constitutive law is extended by introducing a tension‐only scalar damage function. The agreement between the predicted and measured response is again very good, and the measured upwards shift of the neutral axis during unloading is predicted as well. Finally, the flexural creep response of a cracked FRC beam is simulated by using uniaxial creep data. The approach predicts the time‐dependent crack widening under sustained flexural loading and can be used to check SLS criteria in the design of FRC elements.
Measuring amphetamine‐induced dopamine release in humans: A comparative meta‐analysis of [11C]‐raclopride and [11C]‐(+)‐PHNO studies
Authors: Caravaggio Fernando , Porco Natasha , Kim Julia , Torres‐Carmona Edgardo , Brown Eric , Iwata Yusuke , Nakajima Shinichiro , Gerretsen Philip , Remington Gary , Graff‐Guerrero Ariel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe radiotracers [11C]‐raclopride and [11C]‐(+)‐PHNO are commonly used to measure differences in amphetamine‐induced dopamine release between healthy persons and persons with neuropsychiatric diseases. As an agonist radiotracer, [11C]‐(+)‐PHNO should theoretically be roughly 2.7 times more sensitive to displacement by endogenous dopamine than [11C]raclopride. To date, only one study has been published comparing the sensitivity of these two radiotracers to amphetamine‐induced dopamine release in healthy persons. Unfortunately, conflicting findings in the literature suggests that the dose of amphetamine they employed (0.3 mg/kg, p.o.) may not reliably reduce [11C]‐raclopride binding in the caudate. Thus, it is unclear whether the preponderance of evidence supports the theory that [11C]‐(+)‐PHNO is more sensitive to displacement by amphetamine in humans than [11C]‐raclopride. In order to clarify these issues, we conducted a comparative meta‐analysis summarizing the effects of amphetamine on [11C]‐raclopride and [11C]‐(+)‐PHNO binding in healthy humans. Our analysis indicates that amphetamine given at 0.3 mg/kg, p.o. does not reliably reduce [11C]‐raclopride binding in the caudate. Second, the greater sensitivity of [11C]‐(+)‐PHNO is evidenced at 0.5 mg/kg, p.o., but not at lower doses of amphetamine. Third, our analysis suggests that [11C]‐(+)‐PHNO may be roughly 1.5 to 2.5 times more sensitive to displacement by amphetamine than [11C]‐raclopride in healthy persons. We recommend that future displacement studies with these radiotracers employ 0.5 mg/kg, p.o. of amphetamine with a dose, post‐scan interval of at least 3 hr. Using this dose of amphetamine, [11C]‐raclopride studies should employ at leastn = 34 participants per group, while [11C]‐(+)‐PHNO studies should employ at leastn = 6 participants per group, in order to be sufficiently powered (80%) to detect changes in radiotracer binding within the caudate.
Combining transcranial magnetic stimulation with functional magnetic resonance imaging for probing and modulating neural circuits relevant to affective disorders
Authors: Oathes Desmond J. , Balderston Nicholas L. , Kording Konrad P. , DeLuisi Joseph A. , Perez Gianna M. , Medaglia John D. , Fan Yong , Duprat Romain J. , Satterthwaite Theodore D. , Sheline Yvette I. , Linn Kristin A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCombining transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with functional magnetic resonance imaging offers an unprecedented tool for studying how brain networks interact in vivo and how repetitive trains of TMS modulate those networks among patients diagnosed with affective disorders. TMS compliments neuroimaging by allowing the interrogation of causal control among brain circuits. Together with TMS, neuroimaging can provide valuable insight into the mechanisms underlying treatment effects and downstream circuit communication. Here we provide a background of the method, review relevant study designs, consider methodological and equipment options, and provide statistical recommendations. We conclude by describing emerging approaches that will extend these tools into exciting new applications.This article is categorized under:
Psychology > Emotion and Motivation
Psychology > Theory and Methods
Neuroscience > Clinical Neuroscience
Direct Democracy
Authors: Linder Wolf , Mueller Sean 
Published: January 2021

AbstractChapter 4 discusses the emergence, types and functioning of Swiss direct democracy and assesses its effects on power-sharing and the political system more broadly. Contrary to what many theorists have claimed, direct democracy is not too demanding for people in a highly developed industrial society. The fact that citizens have a direct say up to four times a year at federal level, in addition to frequent referendums at cantonal and local level, makes voting almost a routine exercise. It also allows today’s losers to become tomorrow’s winners—and vice versa, thus fostering mutual respect and cooperation. Yet contrary also to what some revolutionaries had hoped for, it has not led to radical change either. Instead, direct democracy has above all led to political conservatism, be that regarding welfare policies, defence or European integration.
Consensus Democracy: The Swiss System of Power-Sharing
Authors: Linder Wolf , Mueller Sean 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis chapter unpacks the notion of power-sharing and explains its centrality for political Switzerland. While direct democracy has played an important part in its evolution, law-making in Switzerland has become impossible without the participation of various interest groups at early stages of drafting already. The chapter details the functioning of Switzerland’s broad-based political pluralism, its structure of consociational democracy, the representation of the most important political parties and interest groups, and the ensuing processes of negotiation and mutual adjustment. It also discusses challenges and pitfalls of power-sharing.
Comparative Perspectives
Authors: Linder Wolf , Mueller Sean 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis chapter develops three comparative perspectives. Beginning with direct democracy, enhancing the direct participation of people as in Switzerland—considered revolutionary in the nineteenth century—may still be regarded a progressive form of democracy. But are increased political rights, offering the people not only a voice in electing their representatives but also a chance to decide major decisions directly, really an efficient way to improve democracy? The second perspective deals with federalism. Traditionally understood as a means for the vertical division of power within states, can it also play a role for the supranational division of power and the participation of minorities? The last section places political power-sharing in a context of conflict resolution, especially in multicultural societies. The chapter ends by stressing that power-sharing is not just an institutional arrangement, but that it also has to be based on the specific culture of a society that intends to practice it.
Far beyond the planar limit in strongly-coupled $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 SYM
Authors: Chester Shai M. , Pufu Silviu S. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
When the SU(N) $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super-Yang-Mills (SYM) theory with complexified gauge coupling τ is placed on a round four-sphere and deformed by an $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2-preserving mass parameter m, its free energy F (m, τ,$$ \overline{\tau} $$

τ
¯

) can be computed exactly using supersymmetric localization. In this work, we derive a new exact relation between the fourth derivative $$ {\partial}_m^4F\left(m,\tau, \overline{\tau}\right)\left|{{}_m}_{=0}\right. $$

∂
m
4

F

m
τ

τ
¯

m

=
0

of the sphere free energy and the integrated stress-tensor multiplet four-point function in the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM theory. We then apply this exact relation, along with various other constraints derived in previous work (coming from analytic bootstrap, the mixed derivative $$ {\partial}_{\tau }{\partial}_{\overline{\tau}}{\partial}_m^2F\left(m,\tau, \overline{\tau}\right)\left|{{}_m}_{=0}\right. $$

∂
τ

∂

τ
¯

∂
m
2

F

m
τ

τ
¯

m

=
0

, and type IIB superstring theory scattering amplitudes) to determine various perturbative terms in the large N and large ’t Hooft coupling λ expansion of the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM correlator at separated points. In particular, we determine the leading large-λ term in the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM correlation function at order 1/N8. This is three orders beyond the planar limit.
The role of diversity and tolerance in economic development
Authors: Kwasnicki Witold 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper presents an evolutionary model of industry development, and uses simulations to investigation the role of diversity and heterogeneity in firms’ behaviour, and hence industrial development. The simulations suggest that economic growth is increased with greater variety, in the sense of the evolutionary process approaching the equilibrium faster and also, in the long run, moving faster from one equilibrium to a new, more advanced, equilibrium. This occurs due to higher variety caused by a more tolerant environment, and due to the higher probability of emergence of radical innovations.
Differentiation of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether isomers and their derivatives by HPLC-MS and GC-MS—comment on the published data
Authors: Kasperkowiak Małgorzata , Beszterda Monika , Bańczyk Izabela , Frański Rafał 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPositional isomers of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) have been analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS, GC-MS). Positional isomers of BFDGE derivatives (BFDGEx2H2O, BFDGExH2OxHCl) have been analyzed by HPLC-MS. On the basis of the obtained fragmentation patterns, the elution order of the isomers has been unequivocally determined, in standard solutions and in the sample of liquid obtained after rinsing an empty mackerel fish can with acetonitrile. Under HPLC condition, para,para isomers are eluted first, then ortho,para isomers’ elution follows, and ortho,ortho isomers are eluted last. Under GC condition, the reverse elution order has been obtained. For the first time, two ortho,para isomers of BFDGExH2OxHCl have been detected and their elution order has been determined. The obtained results are of key importance for determination of the isomer distribution of BFDGE and its derivatives in food samples.
Novel in vivo depiction of optic nerves hemorrhages in child abuse: a 3D-SWI pilot study
Authors: Zuccoli Giulio 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Until now, the diagnosis of optic nerves hemorrhages in abusive head trauma (AHT) has been obtained only in the postmortem setting. The aim of the IRB-approved study was to assess the presence of optic nerves hemorrhages in AHT patients using 3D-SWI.

Methods
Thirteen children with a final confirmed multidisciplinary diagnosis of AHT underwent coronal and axial 3D-SWI imaging of the orbits. The presence of optic nerve sheath (ONS) hemorrhages was defined by thickening and marked 3D-SWI hypointensity of the ONS, resulting in mass effect upon the CSF space. Optic nerve (ON) hemorrhages were defined by areas of susceptibility artifacts in the ON parenchyma. Superficial siderosis was defined by susceptibility artifact coating the ON. Furthermore, data about post-traumatic deformity of the ONS at the head of the optic nerve were collected.

Results
The average age of the population was 7.9 ± 5.9 months old. The average GCS was 11.8 ± 4.5. The male to female ratio was 7:6. ONS hemorrhages were identified in 69.2% of cases. Superficial siderosis and ON hemorrhages were identified in 38.5 and 76.9% of cases, respectively. 3D-SWI also depicted traumatic deformity of the ONS at the level of the optic nerve head in 10 cases (76.9%). No statistical correlations were identified between RetCam findings and 3D-SWI findings or GCS and ON hemorrhages.

Conclusion
This research shows that dedicated MRI with volumetric SWI of the orbits can depict hemorrhages in the ON, ONS, and ONS injury, in AHT victims.
Reliability of a Caton-Deschamps-derived patella height index for knee arthroplasty
Authors: Konrads Christian , Grosse Lucia C. , Ahmad Sufian S. , Springer Fabian , Schreiner Anna J. , Schmidutz Florian , Erne Felix 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurposeThe original Caton-Deschamps index (oCDI) detects functional patella height. It cannot be used in knees with an implanted endoprosthesis. The “modified Caton-Deschamps index” (mCDI) for knee arthroplasty can miss pseudo-patella-infera (PPI), which is common after TKA. A derivate of the oCDI could be a simple analogue to the index published in 1982 using a modified tibial reference point at the anterior proximal point of the inlay, which can indirectly be located on the lateral knee radiograph. It was the aim of this study to determine the intra- and inter-rater agreement of a derived Caton-Deschamps index (dCDI) for knee arthroplasty. We hypothesized that the derived Caton-Deschamps index (dCDI) is a reliable radiological measure for patella height in knee arthroplasty.MethodsSeveral patella height indices were measured by three independent raters in two passes. The second pass was performed after 6 weeks in random order. Intra- and inter-observer agreements were determined and analyzed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). For radiographic evaluation, digital lateral radiographs of 150 knees before and after primary TKA were used.ResultsWe found high interrater reliability for all analyzed indices. We found the highest agreements for the ISI preop (ICC = 0.914) and postop (ICC = 0.920), respectively. We also found very good intra-rater reliability for the CDI (ICCpreop = 0.954), dCDI (ICCpostop = 0.945), ISI (ICCpreop = 0.960; ICCpostop=0.940) and BPI (ICCpreop = 0.969; ICCpostop = 0.955). Fourteen cases (9.3%) with insignificant PPI were found.ConclusionThe derived Caton-Deschamps index (dCDI) can easily be used in knee arthroplasty and demonstrated high intra- and interrater agreement, which was similar to other commonly used and established patella height indices.
Polarization control and mode optimization of 850 nm multi-mode VCSELs using surface grating
Authors: Liao Wenyuan , Li Chuanchuan , Li Jian , Guo Xiaofeng , Guo Wentao , Wei Xin , Tan Manqing 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTo control the polarization of 850 nm multi-mode oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs), monolithically integrated surface gratings are investigated. VCSELs with different grating parameters are simulated by the rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) method. Optical field intensity of two polarization orientations with different grating periods and duty cycles is obtained. The mode characteristics of VCSELs with different grating parameters are achieved by FDTD method. 850 nm surface grating VCSELs are fabricated and characterized, a maximum orthogonal polarization suppression ratio (OPSR) of 20.7 dB is observed. Meanwhile, VCSEL’s output mode characteristics are improved by integrating the surface grating. Application of integrated surface grating technique to achieve dynamically polarization-stable multi-mode VCSELs which enable polarization division multiplexed data transmission, the data throughput over a given link can be doubled.