bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental study and numerical simulation of liquid–liquid dispersions in micro‐impinging jet mixers
Authors: Wu Bin , Chen Lin , Fan Yanchun , Zheng Huidong , Zhang Fuweng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the turbulent two‐phase dispersion of toluene‐water in micro‐impinging jet (MIJ) mixers using both experimental and numerical methods. We employ computational fluid dynamics combined with the population balance model (CFD‐PBM) to predict the mean droplet size (d32) and droplet size distribution (DSD). The numerical predictions align well with the experimental results. The liquid–liquid dispersion in the MIJ mixer is a two‐step process, each step governed by the velocity ratio (r) and Reynolds number (Rej), respectively. By increasing the volume flow rate (Q) and r, or by reducing the diameter of the outlet orifice of mixing chamber (Do), the dispersion process can be intensified. This leads to the production of smaller droplets with a narrow DSD within a millisecond timeframe. Additionally, we propose a correlation for d32 that accurately describes the two‐step dispersion process of the mixer, providing a reliable guide for the design and optimization of liquid–liquid systems.
Effects of supercritical carbon dioxide‐ethanol cocoa butter addition in cocoa butter‐based salad dressings
Authors: Hussain Norhayati , Maarof Syahida , Mohamad Roiaini , Rajentran Komati , Umar Nasiru Bilkisu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAddition of cocoa butter containing phytosterols and antioxidants into food products can provide additional health benefit towards consumers. This work aimed to extract cocoa butter from cocoa beans using supercritical fluid extraction to formulate salad dressing containing blends of soybean oil and cocoa butter and compared it with commercial salad dressing. The most similar (insignificant different) characteristics as the control sample in terms of consistency index, flow index, apparent viscosity and crossover value were 10%–35% cocoa butter salad dressing (CBSD). In contrast, the 30% CBSD shows insignificant difference of emulsion stability compared to commercial salad dressing. The most desirable ratio of cocoa butter to be added into salad dressing was 30%. The findings may benefit the local cocoa and salad dressing producer on product diversification.
Metal‐Mediated Protein Engineering within Live Cells
Authors: Ghosh Pritam 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMetal mediated several organic reactions are known which can be used inside the cellular medium for protein modifications, eventually for targeting diseases. Indeed, due to their ease of handling, rapid solubility, and effective cell penetration, metals are superior than any other competitor as a stimulus/mediator in organic reactions relevant with protein modifications. Metal mediated most effective reactions as a chemical biology tool are Cu(I)‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition(CuAAC)/click reactions or Pd mediated multiple chemical reactions for intra/extra cellular protein modifications etc. A few examples of Au(III), Ru(III) are also known. Among these, the click reaction has high potential for the management of biomolecules within cells, and thus this methodology is adopted broadly in chemistry, biology towards therapeutic applications in pharmacology. Fast kinetics in aqueous medium at ambient to normal temperature with specificity between precursors (e. g., azide and alkyne for click reactions which are bio‐orthogonal to cells) are essential aspects behind the success of metal mediated intracellular reactions. This review dealt with specifically metal mediated protein modifications within live cells, the achievements and challenges.
Duration of protection of peanut from late leaf spot disease by pydiflumetofen
Authors: Jordan David , Foote Ethan , Lux LeAnn , Shew Barbara 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLate leaf spot disease [caused by Nothopassalora personata (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous] and southern stem rot (caused by Athelia rolfsii Sacc.) are economically important diseases in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in North Carolina. Fungicides are often applied on a 14‐day schedule when these pathogens are active during the cropping cycle to protect peanut yield. The fungicide pydiflumetofen has been shown to provide protection from leaf spot disease for longer than 14 days and is labeled for protection for 28 days. However, efficacy for this length of protection has not been documented in North Carolina. Research was conducted from 2019 to 2022 in North Carolina to compare incidence of leaf spot and canopy defoliation when chlorothalonil plus tebuconazole were applied approximately 21, 28, and 35 days after pydiflumetofen was co‐applied with flutolanil or the commercial mixture of azoxystrobin and benzovindiflupyr. Pydiflumetofen does not control southern stem rot whereas flutolanil and azoxystrobin plus benzovindiflupyr do control this disease. Applying chlorothalonil plus tebuconazole 21 or 28 days after pydiflumetofen combinations was equally effective in protecting peanut from yield loss. In some cases, yield was lower when chlorothalonil plus tebuconazole were applied 35 days after pydiflumetofen combinations or when follow up fungicide was not applied. These data suggest that farmers in North Carolina can apply pydiflumetofen and expect 28 days of protection from late leaf spot. However, suppression of disease and peanut yield decreased in some cases when chlorothalonil plus tebuconazole does not occur until 35 days after pydiflumetofen combinations were applied.
Mutation Analysis of ASXL1 in Normal Karyotype Myelodysplastic Syndromes: Experience From Pakistan
Authors: Shaikh Sumera , Anwar Nida , Shahid Saba , Mushtaq Shamim , Fatima Naveena , Siddiqui Saima , Jammal Qammar 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe challenges in advancing treatment modalities for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) may stem from an incomplete understanding of the disease's complex pathophysiology and lack of reliable prognostic molecular markers. Advanced genomic techniques have revolutionized disease prognosis and risk stratification, particularly for cases with a normal karyotype.AimThe present study aimed to analyze ASXL1 mutations in MDS exhibiting a normal karyotype.Methods and ResultsThe study enrolled 41 MDS patients with normal karyotypes. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples, followed by Sanger sequencing. The Chi‐square and Mann–Whitney U tests were applied to assess the association of age and hemogram with the occurrence of mutations. Survival analysis was done via the Kaplan–Meier method. Statistical operations were performed employing the IBM SPSS Statistics version 24. The patients had a median age of 40 years comprising 28 (68.3%) males and 13 (31.7%) females. ASXL1 mutations were identified in 8 (19.5%), particularly stopgain single nucleotide variant (SNV) and frameshift insertion. The median total leucocyte count × 109/L and blast percentage among the patients with ASXL1 mutation were 3.9 and 4.5, respectively. A survival of 85 weeks was recorded for ASXL1‐mutated and nonmutated cases. The association of ASXL1 mutation status with age and studied hematological parameters was found nonsignificant.ConclusionASXL1 mutation plays a pivotal role in MDS prognosis, warranting assessment at diagnosis for risk stratification and treatment decisions. Early identification of ASXL1 mutation, particularly in low‐risk patients or those with normal karyotype, is imminent to identify patients exhibiting unfavorable prognosis. Integrating molecular insights into existing risk assessment holds significance for improved clinical outcomes, reduction in disease progression, and ultimately the improved quality of life and should be identified early in the course of disease even in the developing world.
A flow‐type scaling limit for random growth with memory
Authors: Dembo Amir , Yang Kevin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe study a stochastic Laplacian growth model, where a set grows according to a reflecting Brownian motion in stopped at level sets of its boundary local time. We derive a scaling limit for the leading‐order behavior of the growing boundary (i.e., “interface”). It is given by a geometric flow‐type pde. It is obtained by an averaging principle for the reflecting Brownian motion. We also show that this geometric flow‐type pde is locally well‐posed, and its blow‐up times correspond to changes in the diffeomorphism class of the growth model. Our results extend those of Dembo et al., which restricts to star‐shaped growth domains and radially outwards growth, so that in polar coordinates, the geometric flow transforms into a simple ode with infinite lifetime. Also, we remove the “separation of scales” assumption that was taken in Dembo et al.; this forces us to understand the local geometry of the growing interface.
Defect Engineered Ru‐CoMOF@MoS2 Heterointerface Facilitate Water Oxidation Process
Authors: Banti Boka Fikadu , Goddati Mahendra , Nwaji Njemuwa , Gwak Juyoung , Gicha Birhanu Bayissa , Kang Hyojin , Asgaran Sohrab , Chun Hee‐Joon , Lee Jaebeom 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCatalyst design plays a critical role in ensuring sustainable and effective energy conversion. Electrocatalytic materials need to be able to control active sites and introduce defects in both acidic and alkaline electrolytes. Furthermore, producing efficient catalysts with a distinct surface structure advances our comprehension of the mechanism. Here, a defect‐engineered heterointerface of ruthenium doped cobalt metal organic frame (Ru‐CoMOF) core confined in MoS2 is reported. A tailored design approach at room temperature was used to induce defects and form an electron transfer interface that enhanced the electrocatalytic performance. The Ru‐CoMOF@MoS2 heterointerface obtains a geometrical current density of 10 mA−2 by providing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at small overpotentials of 240 and 289 mV, respectively. Density functional theory simulation shows that the Co‐site maximizes the evolution of hydrogen intermediate energy for adsorption and enhances HER, while the Ru‐site, on the other hand, is where OER happens. The heterointerface provides a channel for electron transfer and promotes reactions at the solid‐liquid interface. The Ru‐CoMOF@MoS2 model exhibits improved OER and HER efficiency, indicating that it could be a valuable material for the production of water‐alkaline and acidic catalysts.
Pathogenic and Nonpathogenic Antibody Responses in Allergic Diseases
Authors: Ehlers Marc , Jönsson Friederike 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAllergen‐specific antibodies, particularly of the IgE class, are a hallmark of many allergic diseases. Yet paradoxically, (1) a proportion of healthy individuals possess allergen‐specific IgE without clinical signs of allergy; (2) some, but not all, allergic individuals develop a more severe disease over time or fail to respond to allergen‐specific immunotherapy; and (3) allergen‐specific IgG antibodies can inhibit IgE‐mediated responses but they can also induce allergic reactions. In this review, we discuss the occurrence of and transition between nonpathogenic and pathogenic allergen‐specific antibody responses in the light of a two‐stage model. We recapitulate different factors and scenarios that may induce different inflammatory conditions and qualitatively distinct allergen‐specific T‐ and B‐cell responses, influencing IgE origins and affinities, IgE/IgG(4) ratios, IgG effector functions, antibody glycosylation patterns, Fc and glycan‐binding receptor expression and involvement, and ultimately their propensity to elicit allergic responses. Differences in these antibody characteristics may determine the onset of symptomatic allergy and the severity or remission of the disease.
A New Empirical Equation to Take Into Account the Influence of Ionic Strength on Electrophoretic Mobility and Determination of Binding Constants of Ester Betulin Derivatives With Sulfated β‐Cyclodextrin by Affinity Capillary Electrophoresis
Authors: Sursyakova Viktoria V. , Levdansky Vladimir A. , Rubaylo Anatoly I. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAn empirical equation relating electrophoretic mobility and ionic strength was proposed. The equation includes a number of parameters that are found using the mobilities of reference ions: two coefficients in the numerator describing the linear relationship of the multiplier in front of the square root of the ionic strength with the product of the ion mobility in the background electrolyte (BGE) without additives by the modulus of the charge number, raised to a certain power, and also the multiplier in the denominator before the square root of the ionic strength. The proposed equation was tested using the mobilities measured in BGEs with the addition of sodium chloride to adjust ionic strength and sulfated β‐cyclodextrin (S‐β‐CD) for 11 anions with charge numbers from −1 to −4. Measuring anion electrophoretic mobility over a wide range of values, from −17 to −76 × 10−9 m2 V−1 s−1, was achieved through a combination of conventional separation and separation in a thermostatically controlled part of a capillary. The equation describes experimental data much more accurately (the discrepancy is no more than 1.1%) compared to the previously used simple empirical equation. For the S‐β‐CD complexes of betulin derivatives, the apparent binding constants determined are equal to 40–60 M−1.
Machine learning enhances genotoxicity assessment using MultiFlow® DNA damage assay
Authors: Trairatphisan Panuwat , Dorsheimer Lena , Monecke Peter , Wenzel Jan , James Rubin , Czich Andreas , Dietz‐Baum Yasmin , Schmidt Friedemann 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGenotoxicity is a critical determinant for assessing the safety of pharmaceutical drugs, their metabolites, and impurities. Among genotoxicity tests, mechanistic assays such as the MultiFlow® DNA damage assay (MFA) allows the investigations on mode of action (MoA) of DNA damage through four mechanistic markers recorded at two time points. Previous studies have shown that machine learning (ML) can enhance precision on classifying the MoA of genotoxicants. Nevertheless, these approaches need to be tailored to specific chemical spaces and lab conditions for accurate risk assessment. In this study, we applied various state‐of‐the‐art ML algorithms available in an open‐source R package (caret) to build MFA‐ML models using data from Bryce et al. (2016). The best model achieved 95% accuracy on the training dataset and correctly predicted genotoxicity in 16 out of 17 cases in the test dataset. Incorporating molecular descriptors properties from established in silico models demonstrated further improved performance of the approach to cover challenging examples of pharmaceuticals exhibiting a pharmacological mode of action that could interfere with the biomarker response. Further model validation on an external test set with 49 non‐overlapped compounds showed a high model accuracy at 92%. Additionally, a tailored graphical user interface was developed using a freely available R package (shiny) to support visual analysis of MFA data including MoA predictions, facilitating broad usage by laboratory scientists. Lastly, a perspective on the integration of MoA predictions as additional evidence into a genotoxicity assessment workflow is proposed.
Effect of functionalization on the energy storage performance of super capacitors derived from wood charcoal
Authors: Mathew Elma Elizaba , Balachandran Manoj 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe electrochemical performance of wood charcoal is investigated with respect to the disorders in the system after subjecting to oxidation and exfoliation conditions. The Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge discharge curves indicate an improvement in the electrochemical behavior, resulting in a marginal increase in the specific capacitance values at higher exfoliation temperatures. The improvement is predominantly due to the change in the structural disorder in the system accompanied by the incorporation of oxygen functional groups which act as electrochemical active species. The exfoliation of wood charcoal at 160 and 200°C yield a specific capacitance of 6.23 and 12.24 F/g at a current density of 0.01 A/g. The ESR values representing the overall resistance of the system are observed to be 6.07 Ω for 200°C as opposed to 10.41 Ω of the bare material, making the material more conducting. The drastic change in the structural morphology along with the optimal amount of oxygen functional groups can be the reason for this behavior. The acquired results offer useful information for investigating the possibilities of fabricating supercapacitors with wood charcoal by tuning the defects of the system.
Communalizing private costs: Ownership concentration, institutions, and corporate environmental performance
Authors: Arora Punit , Jain Tanusree , Gaur Ajai 
Published: December 2024

AbstractResearch SummaryWe extend the property rights theory to show that stronger ownership control incentivizes owners to push for communalizing private environmental costs unless counterbalancing internal and external governance mechanisms are prevalent. Using a sample of 16,286 observations for 3275 firms across 43 countries between 2008 and 2017, we find robust evidence for a negative effect of ownership concentration on corporate environmental performance (CEP). However, we find that ownership concentration has a diametrically opposite effect in strong and weak governance contexts. In the presence of strong external (regulatory institutions) and internal (high board independence) governance, ownership concentration improves CEP. In contrast, it has the opposite effect in the presence of weak regulatory institutions and low board independence. We contribute to the open system logic of corporate governance for environmental sustainability.Managerial SummaryOur study shows that ownership concentration negatively impacts corporate environmental performance in the form of increased resource usage, emissions, and ESG controversies. This finding implies that there is a tussle over who bears environmental costs (i.e., privatized to the firms or communalized to the larger stakeholder bodies). However, we find that this negative performance outcome can be successfully mitigated by the quality of external (regulatory institutions) and internal governance (high board independence) mechanisms. Our study informs policymakers regarding the governance mechanisms through which the interests of the environment can be sincerely safeguarded in the face of short‐term value‐maximizing pressures from investors. These results also inform other stakeholders on how to nudge delinquent firms toward improving their CEP.
Submandibular Gland Flap Reconstruction for Oropharyngeal Defects After Transoral Robotic Surgery (TORS)
Authors: Lander Daniel P. , Vettikattu Nikhil , Sawaf Tuleen , Wang Naomi , Patel Mihir R. , Kaka Azeem S. , Bur Andrés M. , Jackson Ryan S. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundTo describe utilization and outcomes of submandibular gland flap (SGF) reconstruction after transoral robotic surgery (TORS) for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC).MethodsA multi‐institutional retrospective case series of patients who underwent TORS for OPSCC followed by SGF reconstruction with harvest via transcervical approach from 1/1/2016 to 4/1/2023.ResultsIn total, 14 patients underwent SGF reconstruction after TORS for OPSCC. All patients had HPV‐positive disease, predominantly in early local (N = 10 with pT1/pT2 disease, 71%) and regional stages (N = 11 with pN0/pN1 disease, 79%). Most patients received adjuvant radiation treatment (N = 9, 64%). Median hospital LOS after surgery was 4 days (IQR 2 days) with median functional oral intake scale (FOIS) score of 5 (IQR 0.8) at 1–3 weeks after surgery.ConclusionsSGF reconstruction is a useful technique for closure of appropriately selected TORS defects requiring reconstruction beyond healing by secondary intention and mobilization of adjacent tissue but not large enough to warrant free flap reconstruction.
“Stop Saying That You Are Not Good Enough”: Crafting Asset‐Based Identities of International Asian Women Scholars Through Relational Mentoring
Authors: Sim Eunbi , Chaudhuri Sanghamitra , Niu Yuanlu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis trioethnographical study explores the influence of relational mentoring in developing the identities of three international Asian women scholars from different career stages within the field of human resource development (HRD) in the United States. By capturing our voices through personal narratives drawn from our day‐to‐day lived experiences, the study documents our transformative journey from “being” to “becoming.” Through a collaborative, qualitative analysis of mentoring transcripts and daily journals, the findings illustrate how relational mentoring serves as a framework to deconstruct our deficit‐based identities. This deconstruction is facilitated by dismantling hierarchy, questioning presumed incompetence, and problematizing structural inequities. Engaging in constructive dialogues within this framework enabled us to craft our asset‐based identities, where we embraced the roles of supporters, decenterers, and connectors.
Circulating sex hormones and volumetric breast density: A prospective study in women from the EPIC Florence cohort
Authors: Bendinelli Benedetta , Danza Giovanna , Assedi Melania , Villanelli Fabio , Vagnoni Giulia , Pastore Elisa , Saieva Calogero , Caini Saverio , Vignozzi Linda , Masala Giovanna 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMammographic breast density (MBD) is a known risk factor for breast cancer. This study aimed to evaluate prospectively how circulating levels of sex hormones and sex hormones binding globulin (SHBG) are associated with volumetric percent density (VPD, %) and absolute breast dense volume (DV, cm3) measured after an average 13.5 years of follow up. We included 422 post‐ and 445 pre‐menopausal women enrolled in the Florence section of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study. Blood levels of circulating sex hormones and SHBG were determined in serum samples collected at enrollment. The automated Volpara™ density software was used to obtain DV and VPD measures from the first available full‐field digital mammography performed after enrollment. We carried out adjusted linear regression models for post‐menopausal and pre‐menopausal women, separately. Higher baseline blood levels of SHBG were associated with higher VPD both in post‐menopausal (%Diff 17.2 III vs. I tertile, p‐value 0.02, p‐trend 0.02) and pre‐menopausal women (%Diff 21.1 III vs. I tertile, p‐value 0.004, p‐trend 0.004). Among pre‐menopausal women a modifying effect of parity emerged, with significant inverse associations of estradiol, free estradiol, estrone, and free testosterone with VPD in women with a lower number of births or higher age at every birth. DV was not associated with sex hormones or SHBG. A direct association between increasing serum level of SHBG and VPD was observed both in post‐ and pre‐menopausal women. This association need to be further investigated in order to better understand the underlying mechanisms.