bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Memristive-based in-memory computing: from device to large-scale CMOS integration
Authors: Perez-Bosch Quesada E , Perez E , Mahadevaiah M Kalishettyhalli , Wenger C 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
With the rapid emergence of in-memory computing systems based on memristive technology, the integration of such memory devices in large-scale architectures is one of the main aspects to tackle. In this work we present a study of HfO
2-based memristive devices for their integration in large-scale CMOS systems, namely 200 mm wafers. The DC characteristics of single metal–insulator–metal devices are analyzed taking under consideration device-to-device variabilities and switching properties. Furthermore, the distribution of the leakage current levels in the pristine state of the samples are analyzed and correlated to the amount of formingless memristors found among the measured devices. Finally, the obtained results are fitted into a physic-based compact model that enables their integration into larger-scale simulation environments.
Radial regular and rupture solutions for a PDE problem with gradient term and two parameters
Authors: Ghergu Marius , Miyamoto Yasuhito 
Published: October 2021

We investigate radial solutions for the problem
\[

{

−
Δ
U
=

λ
+
δ

|

∇
U

|

2

1
−
U

,

U
>
0

a
m
p
;
in

B
,

U
=
0

a
m
p
;
on

∂
B
,

\begin {cases} \displaystyle -\Delta U=\frac {\lambda +\delta |\nabla U|^2}{1-U},\; U>0 & \text {in}\ B,\\ U=0 & \text {on}\ \partial B, \end {cases}

\]
where

B
⊂

R

N

B\subset \mathbb {R}^N

(
N
≥
2
)

(N\geq 2)

denotes the open unit ball and

λ
,
δ
>
0

\lambda , \delta >0

are real numbers. Two classes of solutions are considered in this work: (i) regular solutions, which satisfy

0
>
U
>
1

0>U>1

in

B
B

, and (ii) rupture solutions, which satisfy

U
(
0
)
=
1

U(0)=1

, and thus make the equation singular at the origin. Bifurcation with respect to parameter

λ
>
0

\lambda >0

is also discussed.
Working: The Role of Occupational Epidemiology
Authors: Eisen Ellen A , Elser Holly , Picciotto Sally 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has redemonstrated the importance of work as a determinant of health. During the pandemic, extant disparities were accentuated as the workforce was divided into the roughly 50% who could safely work from home and those who could not. With the spotlight on work, one might wonder where all the occupational epidemiologists have gone. To answer, we point to diminished research support and more limited workplace access that have led many epidemiologists to shift away from a focus on workers toward other vulnerable populations. Here we build on the renewed interest in work as a driver of health and inequality during the pandemic to highlight contributions of occupational epidemiology to public health. We consider: 1) etiological studies of chronic disease based on employment records to define cohorts and reconstruct long-term exposure; 2) studies of hypothetical interventions that are particularly appropriate for evaluating potential regulations to reduce workplace exposures; and 3) studies of disparities that take advantage of work as a potential source of social stratification and economic opportunity. As we have learned during the COVID-19 pandemic, workplaces can become venues for public health messaging and delivering interventions to enumerated populations of adults. By starting with COVID-19 prevention policies for the workplace, we have a chance to better protect public health.
COVID-19 Knowledge Graph from semantic integration of biomedical literature and databases
Authors: Chen Chuming , Ross Karen E , Gavali Sachin , Cowart Julie E , Wu Cathy H 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Summary
The global response to the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a rapid increase of scientific literature on this deadly disease. Extracting knowledge from biomedical literature and integrating it with relevant information from curated biological databases is essential to gain insight into COVID-19 etiology, diagnosis and treatment. We used Semantic Web technology RDF to integrate COVID-19 knowledge mined from literature by iTextMine, PubTator and SemRep with relevant biological databases and formalized the knowledge in a standardized and computable COVID-19 Knowledge Graph (KG). We published the COVID-19 KG via a SPARQL endpoint to support federated queries on the Semantic Web and developed a knowledge portal with browsing and searching interfaces. We also developed a RESTful API to support programmatic access and provided RDF dumps for download.

Availability and implementation
The COVID-19 Knowledge Graph is publicly available under CC-BY 4.0 license at https://research.bioinformatics.udel.edu/covid19kg/.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Conceptus interferon gamma is essential for establishment of pregnancy in the pig
Authors: Johns Destiny N , Lucas Caroline G , Pfeiffer Caroline A , Chen Paula R , Meyer Ashley E , Perry Shelbi D , Spate Lee D , Cecil Raissa F , Fudge Melissa A , Samuel Melissa S , Spinka Christine M , Liu Hongyu , Lucy Matthew C , Wells Kevin D , Prather Randall S , Spencer Thomas E , Geisert Rodney D 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in the pig is a complex process that relies on conceptus regulation of the maternal proinflammatory response to endometrial attachment. Following elongation, pig conceptuses secrete interferon gamma (IFNG) during attachment to the endometrial luminal epithelium. The objective here was to determine if conceptus production of IFNG is important for early development and establishment of pregnancy. CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and somatic cell nuclear transfer technologies were used to create an IFNG loss-of-function study in pigs. Wild-type (IFNG+/+) and null (IFNG−/−) fibroblast cells were used to create embryos through somatic cell nuclear transfer. IFNG expression was not detected in IFNG−/− conceptuses on either day 15 or day 17 of pregnancy. Ablation of conceptus IFNG production resulted in the reduction of stromal CD3+ and mast cells, which localized to the site of conceptus attachment on day 15. The uteri of recipients with IFNG−/− conceptuses were inflamed, hyperemic and there was an abundance of erythrocytes in the uterine lumen associated with the degenerating conceptuses. The endometrial stromal extracellular matrix was altered in the IFNG−/− embryo pregnancies and there was an increased endometrial mRNA levels for collagen XVII (COL17A1), matrilin 1 (MATN1), secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), and cysteine-rich secretory protein 3 (CRISP3), which are involved with repair and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. These results indicate conceptus IFNG production is essential in modulating the endometrial proinflammatory response for conceptus attachment and survival in pigs.
Low frequency novel interictal EEG biomarker for localizing seizures and predicting outcomes
Authors: Lundstrom Brian Nils , Brinkmann Benjamin H , Worrell Gregory A 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLocalizing hyperexcitable brain tissue to treat focal seizures remains challenging. We want to identify the seizure onset zone from interictal EEG biomarkers. We hypothesize that a combination of interictal EEG biomarkers, including a novel low frequency marker, can predict mesial temporal involvement and can assist in prognosis related to surgical resections. Interictal direct current wide bandwidth invasive EEG recordings from 83 patients implanted with 5111 electrodes were retrospectively studied. Logistic regression was used to classify electrodes and patient outcomes. A feed-forward neural network was implemented to understand putative mechanisms. Interictal infraslow frequency EEG activity was decreased for seizure onset zone electrodes while faster frequencies such as delta (2–4 Hz) and beta-gamma (20–50 Hz) activity were increased. These spectral changes comprised a novel interictal EEG biomarker that was significantly increased for mesial temporal seizure onset zone electrodes compared to non-seizure onset zone electrodes. Interictal EEG biomarkers correctly classified mesial temporal seizure onset zone electrodes with a specificity of 87% and positive predictive value of 80%. These interictal EEG biomarkers also correctly classified patient outcomes after surgical resection with a specificity of 91% and positive predictive value of 87%. Interictal infraslow EEG activity is decreased near the seizure onset zone while higher frequency power is increased, which may suggest distinct underlying physiologic mechanisms. Narrowband interictal EEG power bands provide information about the seizure onset zone and can help predict mesial temporal involvement in seizure onset. Narrowband interictal EEG power bands may be less useful for predictions related to non-mesial temporal electrodes. Together with interictal epileptiform discharges and high-frequency oscillations, these interictal biomarkers may provide prognostic information prior to surgical resection. Computational modelling suggests changes in neural adaptation may be related to the observed low frequency power changes.
Breath Metabolites to Diagnose Infection
Authors: Berna Amalia Z , Odom John Audrey R 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Starkly highlighted by the current COVID-19 pandemic, infectious diseases continue to have an outsized impact on human health worldwide. Diagnostic testing for infection can be challenging due to resource limitations, time constraints, or shortcomings in the accuracy of existing diagnostics. Rapid, simple diagnostics are highly desirable. There is increasing interest in the development of diagnostics that use exhaled breath analysis as a convenient and safe diagnostic method, as breath sampling is noninvasive, secure, and easy to perform. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in exhaled breath reflect the fingerprint of the underlying metabolic and biophysical processes during disease.

Content
In this review, we overview the major biomarkers present in exhaled breath in infectious diseases. We outline the promising recent advances in breath-based diagnosis of respiratory infections, including those caused by influenza virus, SARS-CoV-2, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Aspergillus fumigatus. In addition, we review the current landscape of diagnosis of 2 other globally important infections: Helicobacter pylori gastrointestinal infection and malaria.

Summary
Characteristic and reproducible breath VOCs are associated with several infectious diseases, suggesting breath analysis as a promising strategy for diagnostic development. Ongoing challenges include poor standardization of breath collection and analysis and lack of validation studies. Further research is required to expand the applicability of breath analysis to clinical settings.
Glycated Albumin for the Diagnosis of Diabetes in US Adults
Authors: Fang Michael , Daya Natalie , Coresh Josef , Christenson Robert H , Selvin Elizabeth 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
There is growing interest in using glycated albumin for the diagnosis of diabetes, especially when standard tests (glucose and hemoglobin A1c [Hb A1c]) are unavailable. However, it is unknown how well glycated albumin identifies diabetes in the general population.

Methods
We measured glycated albumin in stored serum samples from the 1999–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We evaluated the ability of glycated albumin to identify undiagnosed diabetes in US adults aged ≥20 (n = 4785), overall and at thresholds corresponding to clinical cut points for Hb A1c and fasting plasma glucose (FPG). We assessed 4 reference definitions for undiagnosed diabetes: increased FPG (≥126 mg/dL) [≥6.99 mmol/L), increased Hb A1c (≥6.5%), either FPG or Hb A1c increased, or both FPG and Hb A1c increased.

Results
Among US adults, glycated albumin had excellent diagnostic accuracy across all 4 definitions of undiagnosed diabetes, with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) ranging from 0.824 to 0.951. Performance was generally consistent across patient demographic and clinical characteristics. Glycated albumin cut points of 16.5% and 17.8% were equivalent to an FPG of 126 mg/dL (6.99 mmol/L; 97th percentile) and Hb A1c of 6.5% (98th percentile) and had low to moderate sensitivity (0.273 to 0.707) but high specificity (0.980 to 0.992) for detecting undiagnosed diabetes.

Conclusion
The excellent diagnostic performance of glycated albumin to identify diabetes defined by either FPG or Hb A1c suggests that glycated albumin may be useful for identifying adults with undiagnosed diabetes when standard tests are unavailable.
Glycated Albumin and Risk of Mortality in the US Adult Population
Authors: Rooney Mary R , Daya Natalie , Tang Olive , McEvoy John William , Coresh Josef , Christenson Robert H , Selvin Elizabeth 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Glycated albumin is of growing interest as an alternative biomarker of glycemia. However, the association of glycated albumin with long-term outcomes in the general population is uncharacterized. We evaluated the associations of glycated albumin and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) with mortality in US adults.

Methods
We conducted a prospective analysis of 12 915 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2004. We used Cox regression to characterize associations of glycated albumin and HbA1c with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality through 2014. We categorized glycated albumin based on percentiles corresponding to clinical cut-points for HbA1c. No diagnosed diabetes: &lt;5.0% (&lt;12th percentile), 5.0% to 5.6% (12th–82nd percentile, reference), 5.7% to 6.4% (83rd–97th percentile), and ≥6.5% (≥98th percentile). Diagnosed diabetes: &lt;7.0% (&lt;50th percentile), 7.0% to 8.9% (50th–83rd percentile), and ≥9.0% (≥84th percentile).

Results
Among US adults (mean age 46 years), the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes was 6.8%. Glycated albumin and HbA1c were highly correlated (r = 0.76). Over the median 16.8 years follow-up, there were 2818 deaths (652 cardiovascular). Adults with diagnosed diabetes and glycated albumin ≥84th percentile had the highest risk for all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 3.96, 95% CI 3.06–5.13] and cardiovascular mortality (HR 6.80, 95% CI 4.20–11.03). HbA1c had associations with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality that were similar to those for glycated albumin.

Conclusions
Among US adults, increased values of glycated albumin and HbA1c were associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, particularly in persons with diagnosed diabetes. Glycated albumin may be a useful alternative test of glycemia.
Superiority of urgent vs early endoscopic hemostasis in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding with high-risk stigmata
Authors: Horibe Masayasu , Iwasaki Eisuke , Matsuzaki Juntaro , Bazerbachi Fateh , Kaneko Tetsuji , Minami Kazuhiro , Fukuhara Seiichiro , Masaoka Tatsuhiro , Hosoe Naoki , Ogura Yuki , Namiki Shin , Hosoda Yasuo , Ogata Haruhiko , Kanai Takanori 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Guidelines recommend that all patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) undergo endoscopy within 24 h. It is unclear whether a subgroup may benefit from an urgent intervention. We aimed to evaluate the influence of endoscopic hemostasis and urgent endoscopy on mortality in UGIB patients with high-risk stigmata (HRS).

Methods
Consecutive patients with suspected UGIB were enrolled in three Japanese hospitals with a policy to perform endoscopy within 24 h. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality. Endoscopic hemostasis and endoscopy timing (urgent, ≤6 h; early, &gt;6 h) were evaluated in a regression model adjusting for age, systolic pressure, heart rate, hemoglobin, creatinine, and variceal bleeding in multivariate analysis. A propensity score of 1:1 matched sensitivity analysis was also performed.

Results
HRS were present in 886 of 1966 patients, and 35 of 886 (3.95%) patients perished. Median urgent-endoscopy time (n = 769) was 3.0 h (interquartile range [IQR], 2.0–4.0 h) and early endoscopy (n = 117) was 12.0 h (IQR, 8.5–19.0 h). Successful endoscopic hemostasis and urgent endoscopy were significantly associated with reduced mortality in multivariable analysis (odds ratio [OR], 0.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.09–0.52; P = 0.0006, and OR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.16–0.87; P = 0.023, respectively). In a propensity-score-matched analysis of 115 pairs, adjusted comparisons showed significantly lower mortality of urgent vs early endoscopy (2.61% vs 7.83%, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
A subgroup of UGIB patients, namely those harboring HRS, may benefit from endoscopic hemostasis and urgent endoscopy rather than early endoscopy in reducing mortality. Implementing triage scores that predict the presence of such lesions is important.
Overt and concealed genetic loads revealed by QTL mapping of genotype-dependent viability in the Pacific oysterCrassostrea gigas
Authors: Yin Xiaoshen , Hedgecock Dennis 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the genetic bases of inbreeding depression, heterosis, and genetic load is integral to understanding how genetic diversity is maintained in natural populations. The Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, like many long-lived plants, has high fecundity and high early mortality (type-III survivorship), manifesting a large, overt, genetic load; the oyster harbors an even greater concealed genetic load revealed by inbreeding. Here, we map viability QTL (vQTL) in six interrelated F2 oyster families, using high-density linkage maps of single nucleotide polymorphisms generated by genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) methods. Altogether, we detect 70 vQTL and provisionally infer 89 causal mutations, 11 to 20 per family. Genetic mortality caused by independent (unlinked) vQTL ranges from 94.2% to 97.8% across families, consistent with previous reports. High-density maps provide better resolution of genetic mechanisms, however. Models of one causal mutation present in both identical-by-descent (IBD) homozygotes and heterozygotes fit genotype frequencies at 37 vQTL; consistent with the mutation-selection balance theory of genetic load, 20 are highly deleterious, completely recessive mutations and 17 are less deleterious, partially dominant mutations. Another 22 vQTL require pairs of recessive or partially dominant causal mutations, half showing selection against recessive mutations linked in repulsion, producing pseudo-overdominance. Only eight vQTL appear to support the overdominance theory of genetic load, with deficiencies of both IBD homozygotes, but at least four of these are likely caused by pseudo-overdominance. Evidence for epistasis is absent. A high mutation rate, random genetic drift, and pseudo-overdominance may explain both the oyster’s extremely high genetic diversity and a high genetic load maintained primarily by mutation-selection balance.
The Interactive Effects of Education and Social Support on Blood Pressure in African Americans
Authors: Byrd DeAnnah R , Jiang Yanping , Zilioli Samuele , Thorpe Roland J , Lichtenberg Peter A , Whitfield Keith E 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
This study examined whether the effects of received and provided social support on blood pressure (BP) would differ by education.

Methods
Data from 602 African American adults (48–95 years) enrolled in the Baltimore Study of Black Aging—Patterns of Cognitive Aging were analyzed using multiple linear regression.

Results
We found no main effects of received and provided social support on BP. However, a significant moderation effect was observed for systolic BP, such that greater received social support was positively associated with higher systolic BP among individuals with low levels of education, adjusting for age, sex, chronic health conditions, and depressive symptoms.

Conclusions
The findings demonstrate that social support and education have joint effects on BP, which highlights the importance of considering psychosocial determinants of adverse cardiovascular health outcomes that disproportionately affect African Americans.
Growth Hormone Signaling Shapes the Impact of Environmental Temperature on Transcriptomic Profile of Different Adipose Tissue Depots in Male Mice
Authors: Schneider Augusto , Victoria Berta , Schiavon Cousen Maria Isabel , Fang Yimin , McFadden Samuel , Darcy Justin , Gesing Adam , Hascup Erin R , Hascup Kevin N , Bartke Andrzej , Masternak Michal M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Growth hormone receptor knockout (GHRKO) mice are smaller, long living, and have an increased metabolic rate compared with normal (N) littermates. However, it is known that thermoneutral conditions (30–32°C) elicit metabolic adaptations in mice, increasing the metabolic rate. Therefore, we hypothesized that environmental temperature would affect the expression profile of different adipose tissue depots in GHRKO mice. For this, N (n = 12) and GHRKO (n = 11) male mice were maintained at 23 or 30°C from weaning until 11 months of age. RNA sequencing from adipose tissue depots (epididymal—eWAT, perirenal—pWAT, subcutaneous—sWAT, and brown fat—BAT) was performed. Thermoneutrality increased body weight gain in GHRKO mice, but not in N mice. Only a few genes were commonly regulated by temperature in N and GHRKO mice. The BAT was the most responsive to changes in temperature in both N and GHRKO mice. BAT Ucp1 and Ucp3 expression were decreased to a similar extent in both N and GHRKO mice under thermoneutrality. In contrast, eWAT was mostly unresponsive to changes in temperature. The response to thermoneutrality in GHRKO mice was most divergent from N mice in sWAT. Relative weight of sWAT was almost 4 times greater in GHRKO mice. Very few genes were regulated in N mice sWAT when compared with GHRKO mice. This suggests that this WAT depot has a central role in the adaptation of GHRKO mice to changes in temperature.
Unobtrusive Sensing Technology Detects Ecologically Valid Spatiotemporal Patterns of Daily Routines Distinctive to Persons With Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Wu Chao-Yi , Dodge Hiroko H , Gothard Sarah , Mattek Nora , Wright Kirsten , Barnes Lisa L , Silbert Lisa C , Lim Miranda M , Kaye Jeffrey A , Beattie Zachary 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
The ability to capture people’s movement throughout their home is a powerful approach to inform spatiotemporal patterns of routines associated with cognitive impairment. The study estimated indoor room activities over 24 hours and investigated relationships between diurnal activity patterns and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Methods
One hundred and sixty-one older adults (26 with MCI) living alone (age = 78.9 ± 9.2) were included from 2 study cohorts—the Oregon Center for Aging & Technology and the Minority Aging Research Study. Indoor room activities were measured by the number of trips made to rooms (bathroom, bedroom, kitchen, living room). Trips made to rooms (transitions) were detected using passive infrared motion sensors fixed on the walls for a month. Latent trajectory models were used to identify distinct diurnal patterns of room activities and characteristics associated with each trajectory.

Results
Latent trajectory models identified 2 diurnal patterns of bathroom usage (high and low usage). Participants with MCI were more likely to be in the high bathroom usage group that exhibited more trips to the bathroom than the low-usage group (odds ratio [OR] = 4.1, 95% CI [1.3–13.5], p = .02). For kitchen activity, 2 diurnal patterns were identified (high and low activity). Participants with MCI were more likely to be in the high kitchen activity group that exhibited more transitions to the kitchen throughout the day and night than the low kitchen activity group (OR = 3.2, 95% CI [1.1–9.1], p = .03).

Conclusions
The linkage between bathroom and kitchen activities with MCI may be the result of biological, health, and environmental factors in play. In-home, real-time unobtrusive-sensing offers a novel way of delineating cognitive health with chronologically-ordered movement across indoor locations.