bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Insights into the Substituents’ Effect on the Formation and Dissociation of Radical Anions: Dissociative Electron Transfer to Arylsulfonylphthalimides
Authors: Houmam Abdelaziz , Hamed Emad M. , Saley Michael A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe electrochemical reduction of a series of biologically relevant p‐substituted arylsulfonylphthalimides was investigated and the results were analysed using theoretical calculations and application of Savéant's dissociative electron transfer theory. The dissociation rate constants of the radical anion intermediates were calculated and showed that upon changing the substituent from the MeO, to Me, H, F, Cl and CN the dissociation became faster. A good correlation with the Hammett substituent constants was also obtained. With the NO2 substituent the trend was however inversed. These results and the electrolysis data showed that the dissociation involves the N−S chemical bond. Theoretical calculations showed that for all investigated compounds the extra electron was hosted by the phthalimidyl group except for the p‐NO2 substituted compound for which the extra electron was hosted by the nitrophenyl moiety. Thermodynamic considerations showed that the dissociation of the radical anion of the p‐NO2 compound followed a heterolytic cleavage whereas those of the rest of the investigated compounds followed a homolytic cleavage. The above intriguing result was rationalized through application of the extension of Savéant's dissociative electron transfer theory to the decomposition of radical anions. This study is important not only for understanding substituents’ effect on the biological activity of these compounds but also on the formation and dissociation of radical anions in general.
Cancer‐Mitochondria Dual‐Targeting Glycol/Ferrocenium‐Based Polydopamine Nanoparticles for Synergistic Photothermal and Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Qu Yun , Wang Xinxin , Pei Zhichao , Pei Yuxin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA cancer‐mitochondria dual‐targeting nanoparticle based on lactose and ferrocenium derivatives conjugated polydopamine (PDA@Lac/Fc/Hyp) was constructed, which exhibited cancer‐targeting and mitochondria‐targeting ability deriving from lactose and ferrocenium derivatives due to the specific carbohydrate‐protein interaction and cationic species properties, respectively. Moreover, PDA@Lac/Fc/Hyp showed great biocompatibility and phototherapeutic efficiency. This work displays a good example of constructing cancer‐mitochondria dual‐targeting nanoparticle for synergistic phototherapy.
Prevalence and risk factors of cancer‐related fatigue in childhood cancer survivors: A DCCSS LATER study
Authors: van Deuren Sylvia , Penson Adriaan , van Dulmen‐den Broeder Eline , Grootenhuis Martha A. , van der Heiden‐van der Loo Margriet , Bronkhorst Ewald , Blijlevens Nicole M. A. , Streefkerk Nina , Teepen Jop C. , Tissing Wim J. E. , van der Pal Helena J. H. , van den Heuvel‐Eibrink Marry M. , Versluys Birgitta A. B. , Bresters Dorine , van Leeuwen Flora E. , Ronckers Cécile M. , Kremer Leontien C. M. , Knoop Hans , Loonen Jacqueline J. ,   for the DCCSS‐LATER Consortium
Published: November 2021

BackgroundCancer‐related fatigue is a debilitating late effect after treatment for childhood cancer. The prevalence of fatigue in childhood cancer survivors (CCSs) and associated factors for fatigue has varied widely in previous studies. Two important aspects of cancer‐related fatigue, its severity and chronicity, are often not assessed. This study investigated the prevalence of, and risk factors for, severe chronic fatigue (CF) in a national cohort of Dutch CCSs.MethodsIn this study, 2810 CCSs (5‐year survivors of all childhood malignancies diagnosed between 1963 and 2001 with a current age of 12‐65 years) and 1040 sibling controls were included. CF was assessed with the Short Fatigue Questionnaire and was defined as a score ≥ 18 and persistence of fatigue for ≥6 months. Cancer‐ and treatment‐related characteristics, current health problems, and demographic and lifestyle variables were assessed as potential risk factors for CF via multivariable logistic regression analyses.ResultsIn adult CCSs and sibling controls (≥18 years old), the prevalence of CF was 26.1% and 14.1%, respectively (P < .001). In adolescent CCSs and sibling controls (<18 years old), the prevalence of CF was 10.9% and 3.2%, respectively. Female gender (odds ratio [OR], 2.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.73‐2.62), unemployment (OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.67‐2.85), having 1 or more health problems (OR for 1‐2, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.18‐1.87; OR for >2, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.50‐3.21), and a central nervous system diagnosis (OR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.17‐2.60) were significantly associated with CF in adult CCSs.ConclusionsThis study shows that CCSs, regardless of their cancer diagnosis, report CF more often than sibling controls. This study provides new evidence for the prevalence of fatigue in CCSs.
Electrospun Nanofibers for Wound Management
Authors: John Johnson V. , McCarthy Alec , Karan Anik , Xie Jingwei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractElectrospun nanofibers show great potential in biomedical applications. This minireview traces the recent advances in electrospun nanofibers for wound management via various approaches. Initially, we provide a short note on the four phases of wound healing, including hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Then, we state how the nanofiber dressings can stop bleeding and reduce the pain. Following that, we discuss the delivery of therapeutics and cells using different types of nanofibers for enhancing cell migration, angiogenesis, and re‐epithelialization, resulting in the promotion of wound healing. Finally, we present the conclusions and future perspectives regarding the use of electrospun nanofibers for wound management.
Activating ZnO‐Based Hierarchical Particles for Visible Light Dependent Photocatalytic Performance via Cr‐Incorporated Rapid Chemical Synthesis
Authors: Naeem Hafiz Muhammad , Tariq Salman , Moiz Muhammad Abdul , Khan Mahmood , Rehman Nagina , Basit Muhammad Abdul 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFlower like nanostructured ZnO hierarchical particles termed as NSPs exhibit high surface area as well as defect free growth which makes them competent for further exploration. In this work, a simple chemical approach to incorporate Chromium (Cr) as dopant in ZnO NSPs is utilized, ensuring the combined effect of effectual nature of pristine ZnO NSPs as well as visible light harvesting character owing to the Cr‐doping. Using a simple wet‐chemical approach, developed Cr‐doped ZnO NSPs are developed having appreciable nanostructure characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, UV–vis spectroscopy, and other relevant techniques. As affirmed by the change in the color of ZnO NSPs as well as reduction in the bandgap value (Eg≈ 2.9 eV), ZnO NSPs exhibit significant increase in the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye that is taken as reference for determination of evolution of visible light dependent characteristics in ZnO NSPs. Nearly 70% degradation of RhB is obtained just in an hour which reflects the efficient photoactive behavior of Cr‐doped ZnO NSPs.
A simplified approach for including the incidence angle effect in seismic risk assessment
Authors: Vargas‐Alzate Yeudy Felipe , Silva Vitor , Vamvatsikos Dimitrios , Pujades Lluis Gonzaga 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA simplified procedure is developed to consider the azimuthal orientation of buildings when estimating seismic risk. Two square‐plan reinforced concrete building models are considered as a testbed, one with similar and one with dissimilar properties along the two principal horizontal axes. The fragility of both structures is analysed using a set of ground motion records rotated to multiple incidence angles to develop orientation‐dependent fragility functions. It has been observed that, re‐orienting all records so that these structures have the same azimuth vis‐à‐vis the corresponding epicentre leads to significant differences compared to assuming random orientations. Additional results stemming from single‐degree‐of‐freedom oscillators further confirm such findings, showing a dependence to the proximity to the faults and the level of dissimilarity in the principal horizontal axes of the structure. The end results point to a non‐negligible bias in assessment studies when a structure's orientation with respect to governing rupture scenarios is not taken into account. It is shown that the median of fragility curves calculated for un‐rotated incidence angles can be bias‐corrected through shifted by an amount that depends on the azimuthal orientation and level of axes‐dissimilarity of structures.
Sandstone weathering processes in the painted rock shelters of Cerro Colorado (Córdoba, Argentina)
Authors: Peña‐Monné José Luis , Sampietro‐Vattuone María M. , Báez Walter Ariel , García‐Giménez Rosario , Stábile Franco Matías , Martínez Stagnaro Susana Y. , Tissera Luis E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTafoni, produced by physicochemical weathering of sandstones, are abundant in the Cerro Colorado (Córdoba province, Argentina). Many of the rock shelters are decorated with rock art of high heritage significance. This art belongs to semisedentary communities from the Late Prehispanic Period (ca. 1550–350 AP). They include morphologies inherited from more humid ancient climates combined with current weathering processes. Evolutionary relief study established that tafoni formation is a product of inherited past wetter climates. Mineralogical and petrographic analyses were performed on samples collected from the sandstones and from various morphologies, weathering residues, and wall and ceiling concretions at four rock shelters, Cueva del Indio, Ricci, Quitilipi, and La Trampa. Gypsum and other salts that are not part of the unaltered rock but the result of weathering reveal the magnitude of hydroclastic and haloclastic processes. These activities form active granular disintegration, flaking, and spalling, and impinge on some painted panels. Mapping the distribution of weathering features and processes at each rock shelter enables the planning of interventions to mitigate and alleviate the effects caused by infiltration of water through rock discontinuities, fractures, and overhangs. It also allows decreasing the accumulation of dust and minimizing muddy water flowing over the paintings. These actions are aimed at retarding the progression of rock art degradation and the visible loss of some paintings.
Screening and management options for severe thinness during pregnancy in India
Authors: Sethi Vani , Choedon Tashi , Chowdhury Ranadip , Bhatia Neena , Dinachandra Konsam , Murira Zivai , Bhanot Arti , Baswal Dinesh , de Wagt Arjan , Bhargava Madhavi , Meshram Indrapal Ishwarji , Babu Giridhara R. , Kulkarni Bharati , Divakar Hema , Jacob Chandni Maria , Killeen Sarah Louise , McAuliffe Fionnuala , Vergehese Mini , Ghosh Sebanti , Hanson Mark 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper answers research questions on screening and management of severe thinness in pregnancy, approaches that may potentially work in India, and what more is needed for implementing these approaches at scale. A desk review of studies in the last decade in South Asian countries was carried out collating evidence on six sets of strategies like balanced energy supplementation (BEP) alone and in combination with other interventions like nutrition education. Policies and guidelines from South Asian countries were reviewed to understand the approaches being used. A 10‐point grid covering public health dimensions covered by World Health Organization and others was created for discussion with policymakers and implementers, and review of government documents sourced from Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Eighteen studies were shortlisted covering Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Pakistan. BEP for longer duration, preconception initiation of supplementation, and better pre‐supplementation body mass index (BMI) positively influenced birthweight. Multiple micronutrient supplementation was more effective in improving gestational weight gain among women with better pre‐supplementation BMI. Behavior change communication and nutrition education showed positive outcomes on dietary practices like higher dietary diversity. Among South Asian countries, Sri Lanka and Nepal are the only two countries to have management of maternal thinness in their country guidelines. India has at least nine variations of supplementary foods and three variations of full meals for pregnant women, which can be modified to meet additional nutritional needs of those severely thin. Under the National Nutrition Mission, almost all of the globally recommended maternal nutrition interventions are covered, but the challenge of reaching, identifying, and managing cases of maternal severe thinness persists. This paper provides four actions for addressing maternal severe thinness through available public health programs, infrastructure, and human resources.
A unique and effective method of anatomy education: Small‐group learning with prosected plastinated specimens
Authors: Lopez Elisabeth K. N. , Johnson Joshua H. , Cunningham Elena P. , Warshaw Johanna , Baker Eric W. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveAt the New York University College of Dentistry, we are faced with the challenge of teaching Head and Neck Anatomy to a class of approximately 380 first‐year students. We have developed an innovative anatomy curriculum that has proven effective in facilitating students’ learning and long‐term retention of the material. It has the added benefit of being time‐ and cost‐efficient. Here, we share the structure of our curriculum and examine the student outcomes and student feedback.Materials and MethodsIn this paper, we describe the evidence‐based methods used in our course and present measures of student success. We also surveyed students about aspects of the anatomy curriculum.ResultsOur curriculum efficiently manages cost, instructional time, and classroom space, while promoting student success. Over the last 9 years, NYU Dentistry students have achieved a mean first‐time pass rate of 98.6% and an average anatomy score of 1.74 standard deviations above the national mean on the National Board Dental Examination Part I. Students agree with instructor assessments of which features of the curriculum are valuable and state that the course helps them prepare for clinical courses.ConclusionWe believe that the main factors in the success of our course are the small group setting, the benefits of spaced repetition and frequent quizzes, and the use of plastinated specimens in place of wet cadavers.
A Comparative Study of Amide Proton Transfer Weighted Imaging and Intravoxel Incoherent Motion MRI Techniques Versus (18) F‐FDG PET to Distinguish Solitary Pulmonary Lesions and Their Subtypes
Authors: Fang Ting , Meng Nan , Feng Pengyang , Huang Zhun , Li Ziqiang , Fu Fangfang , Yuan Jianmin , Yang Yang , Liu Hui , Roberts Neil , Wang Meiyun 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundAmide proton transfer weighted imaging (APTw), intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM), and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging all have the potential to characterize solitary pulmonary lesions (SPLs).PurposeTo compare APTw and IVIM with PET imaging for distinguishing between benign and malignant SPLs and their subtypes.Study TypeProspective.PopulationNinety‐five patients, 78 with malignant SPLs (including 48 with adenocarcinoma [AC] and 17 with squamous cell carcinoma [SCC]), and 17 with benign SPLs.Field Strength/SequenceFast spin‐echo (FSE) T2WI, FSE APTw and echo‐planar imaging IVIM, MR‐base attenuation correction (MRAC), and PET imaging on a 3‐T whole‐body PET/MR system.AssessmentThe magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry (MTRasym) at 3.5 ppm, diffusion coefficient (D), pseudo diffusion coefficient (D*), perfusion fraction (f), and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) were analyzed.Statistical TestsIndividual sample t‐test, Delong test, Pearson's correlation analysis, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). P < 0.05 indicated statistical significance.ResultsThe MTRasym and SUVmax were significantly higher, and D was significantly lower in the malignant group (3.3 ± 2.6 [%], 7.8 ± 5, and 1.2 ± 0.3 [×10−3 mm2/second]) compared to the benign group (−0.3 ± 1.6 [%], 3.1 ± 3.8, and 1.6 ± 0.3 [×10−3 mm2/second]). The MTRasym and D were significantly lower, and SUVmax was significantly higher in the SCC group (0.8 ± 1.0 [%], 1.0 ± 0.2 [×10−3 mm2/second] than in the AC group (4.1 ± 2.6 [%], 1.3 ± 0.3 [×10−3 mm2/second], 6.7 ± 4.6). Besides, the combination (AUC = 0.964) of these three methods showed higher diagnostic efficacy than any individual method (AUC = 0.917, 0.851, 0.82, respectively) in identifying malignant and benign SPLs. However, APTw showed better diagnostic efficacy than the combination of three methods or PET imaging alone in distinguishing SCC and AC groups (AUC = 0.934, 0.781, 0.725, respectively).Data ConclusionAPTw, IVIM, and PET imaging are all effective methods to distinguish benign and malignant SPLs and their subtypes. APTw is potentially more capable than PET imaging of distinguishing lung SCC from AC.Level of Evidence2Technical EfficacyStage 2
Agri‐residual waste, wheat bran as a biosorbent for mitigation of dye pollution in industrial wastewaters
Authors: Das Sujata , Singh Shalini , Garg Shashank 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the current investigation, a comparison of mitigation of industrial‐grade, Dispersive Dark Red (DDR) (93.55%), Disperse Orange (DO) (93.48%) and lab grade, Malachite Green (MG) (95.25%), and Congo Red (CR) (97.02%) dyes using biosorptive ability of wheat bran (WB) (efficient, economical, readily available and environment‐friendly adsorbent) has been reported. WB obtained from wheat (a type of grass plant, a major human food crop), is a waste product generated from agricultural practices. The effect of different variables, namely, pH, adsorbate concentration, incubation time, adsorbent dosage, and temperature were investigated to determine the optimal parameters for dye sorption. The influence of the chemical modification of the sorbent on its adsorption capacity was also tested, which showed a positive effect of acid modification towards acidic dyes and vice versa towards the basic dyes. For all the dyes, in comparison to the Freundlich model, nonlinear Langmuir model of isotherm has given better conformity, with maximum adsorption capacity of 11.14 (MG), 15.17 (CR), 12.34 (DDR), and 15.98 (DO) mg/g at their respective optimal temperature following a pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model for adsorption, proving it to be dependent on adsorption capacity of WB. The findings clearly suggest WB to be an efficient dye remover from aqueous solutions and can, thus, be well explored for dye pollution reduction in industrial wastewaters.
Prophylactic anticoagulation in children receiving home parenteral nutrition
Authors: Nagelkerke Sjoerd Cornelis Johannes , Schoenmaker Melissa H.A. , Tabbers Merit M. , Benninga Marc Alexander , van Ommen C. Heleen , Gouw Samantha C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundChildren with intestinal failure (IF) are at risk of loss of vascular access because of catheter‐related venous thrombosis. Whether primary prophylactic anticoagulation is effective and safe in preventing catheter‐related thrombosis is largely unknown. Our aim was to assess the incidences of catheter‐related venous thrombosis and bleeding complications in children with IF receiving home parenteral nutrition (HPN) treated with primary prophylactic anticoagulation.MethodsAll children, aged 0–18 years, treated with HPN at the Emma Children's Hospital/Amsterdam UMC were followed from January 2007 to July 2019. All patients were offered primary prophylactic anticoagulation from the start of HPN. The primary outcomes were catheter‐related venous thrombosis and bleeding on prophylactic anticoagulation.ResultsIn total, 55 (76%) of 74 patients received primary prophylactic anticoagulation. The median age at the start of prophylaxis was 8.4 (interquartile range [IQR], 5.0–55.7) months. Patients were followed for a median of 31.2 (IQR, 10.7–53.5) months, with a total of 65,463 catheter days. The incidence of catheter‐related thrombosis on prophylactic anticoagulation was 0.2 per 1000 catheter days. In total, the incidence of clinically relevant bleeding was 0.1 per 1000 catheter days. The median time to first event was 1268 (IQR, 149–2014) days for thrombosis and 389 (IQR, 227–2912) days for clinically relevant bleeding. Cumulative event‐free survival after 5 years was 78% for thrombosis.ConclusionsOur study shows a low rate of catheter‐related venous thrombosis and a slightly elevated rate of clinically relevant bleeding in children receiving HPN and primary prophylactic anticoagulation.
Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2017–2018
Authors: Harvey David J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis review is the tenth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2018. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to glycan and glycoprotein analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, new methods, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation and the use of arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo‐ and poly‐saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Most of the applications are presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. The reported work shows increasing use of combined new techniques such as ion mobility and highlights the impact that MALDI imaging is having across a range of diciplines. MALDI is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and the range of applications continue steady progress.