bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socio-clinical correlates of the perinatal outcome of severe perinatal asphyxia among referred newborn babies in Sagamu
Authors: Ogunfowora O.B. , Ogunlesi T.A. 
Published: May 2021

Background: Most deliveries in the developing world take place outside the hospital with poor assistance for the newborn. This puts the babies at risk of severe intrapartum events such as perinatal asphyxia. Most newborn babies admitted in tertiary centres with severe asphyxia are referred.Objectives: To determine the socio-demographic and clinical correlates of the perinatal outcome of neonates referred to a Nigerian tertiary facility on account of severe perinatal asphyxia.Methods: A prospective crosssectional study was conducted at the Children’s Emergency Room and Neonatal Ward among newborn babies referred with severe asphyxia. Socio-demographic and clinical parameters were recorded and statistically analysed.Results: A total of 72 mother infant pairs were studied. Half of the babies were admitted after 24 hours of birth and 75.0% of the families belonged to the lower socio-economic classes. Only 62.5% of mothers received antenatal care at orthodox health facilities. Most of the deliveries tookplace at private hospitals (29; 40.3%) and Traditional Birth Homes (18; 25.0%). Hypoxic- Ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) was diagnosed among 57 (79.2%) babies with 46 (80.7%) and 11 (19.3%) classified as Stages II and III HIE respectively. There were 15 (20.8%) early neonatal deaths giving a perinatal mortality rate of 208.3/1000 admissions. The poor perinatal outcome was associated with age at admission within 24 hours, poor intrapartum careseeking behaviour and the commencement of feeding before admission .Conclusion: The quality of antenatal care, intrapartum care, and delivery services appear to influence perinatal outcomes among referred babies with severe asphyxia.
Keywords: Asphyxia, Hypoxic-Ischaemic Encephalopathy, Intrapartum care, Perinatal mortality, Out-born
Comparative analyses of knowledge, attitude and practice of medical undergraduates and early career doctors about the use of clinical reasoning as a tool for medical diagnosis and management
Authors: Yarhere I.E. , Briggs D.C. , Okechukwu C. , Ogbonnaa-Njoku C. 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Developing the skills of clinical reasoning is a tedious process, especially for the novice learner and requires practice. The clinical reasoning skill is a cognitive process of systematic clinical decision making needed to reduce diagnostic errors. A clinical reasoning tool for diagnosis using the Bloom’s taxonomy of critical thinking has been in use in the Paediatrics Department of the University of Port Harcourt. However, little is known about the difficulties encountered by trainees (medical students and early career doctors) while using the tool during dailyclinical clerkship. We aimed to determine aspects of the clinical reasoning process trainees find difficult and ways to make this easier.
Methods: A well-structured, pretested questionnaire was administered to 67 medical undergraduates and 99 early career medical doctors which assessed responses to the definition of clinical reasoning, matching Bloom’s taxonomy hierarchy with steps in clinical reasoning, functional andstructural abnormalities and attitudes towards the use of the clinical reasoning tool. The Likert 5 point scale tool was used to assess attitudes and practice difficulties during the use of the tool. The differences in responses were tested for significance using Student’s T test, and Chi squared test,with p values <0.05 as significant.
Results: Of the 166 respondents analysed, 103 (62%) got the correct definition of clinical reasoning with early career doctors having a higher proportion of correct respondents, χ2 = 4.59, p = 0.032. Specific areas of difficulties identified were with making clinical diagnosis in 50 (30.1%) and pathologic diagnosis (es) in 38 (22.9%). Ninety-nine (59.6%) responded that clinical reasoning was time consuming and 42 (25.3%) thought it was difficult to practice in a busy clinic. One hundred and six (64.1%) respondents suggested a view of basic clinical studies before starting clinical practice in order to improve clinical reasoning.
Conclusion/Recommendation: Making clinical diagnosis is difficult for the clinical trainee while using the clinical reasoning tool, therefore the clinical teacher should help trainees move from one cognitive level to the next until the trainee can create logical conclusions from information gathered following clerking.
Keywords: Clinical reasoning, critical thinking, medical students, interns
Magnesium levels in stable children with asthma: It’s relationship with asthma control
Authors: Ogbuka F.N. , Ndu I.K. , Oguonu T. , Ikefuna A.N. , Ibe B.C. 
Published: May 2021

Background: Asthma prevalence is rising worldwide. Amongst the various factors influencing asthma control, the magnesium level of the affected individuals seems to make a major contribution to achieving asthma control through i ts anti - inflammatory and bronchodilation effects.This study therefore was aimed at determining the magnesium level of stable asthmatic children and its relationship, if any, with their levels of asthma control.Methods: A cross-sectional study where the serum magnesium levels of 30 stable asthmatic children attending Asthma clinic and those of 30 children without asthma attending Children Out-patient clinic (CHOP) both at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Enugu, were assessed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The levels of asthma control of children with asthma were assessed using asthma therapyassessment questionnaire (ATAQ). Mean serum magnesium levels of the different asthma control levels were compared using the analysis of variance (ANOVA).Results: The mean ages of children with asthma and those without asthma were 10.4 ± 2.98 years and 10.5 ±3.00 years respectively. The mean serum magnesium level of stable children with asthma (1.13 ±1.04 mmol/L) was found to be significantly lower than those of the non-asthmatic controls (1.46 ±1.01 mmol/L), p= 0.004.A significant association was also found between the serum magnesium levels and the levels of asthma control (p = 0.015).Conclusion: This study shows that the serum magnesium level of stable asthmatic children is significantly lower than that of children without asthma and there is a significant association between the mean serum magnesium levels and their levels of asthma control.
Keywords: Serum magnesium, asthma control, stable asthma
Mothers’ knowledge and utilization of non-routine childhood immunisation in Ibadan North Local Government Area, Oyo state, Nigeria
Authors: Ese A.O. , Brown V.B. , Oluwatosin O.A. 
Published: May 2021

Background: Vaccinepreventable- diseases are major contributors to child mortality in Africa. In Nigeria, apart from the routine childhood vaccines that are provided free by the government, there are additional lifesaving non-routine vaccines like Rotavirus, Pneumococcal Conjugate (PCV), Varicella, Cerebrospinal meningitis, and Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) vaccines. Until 2015 when PCV was included in the routine childhood immunisation, these five vaccines were optional and parents paid to immunize their children with them.Objective: To assess the level of knowledge and utilization of nonroutine immunisations among mothers.Methodology: A descriptive, cross -sectional study conducted in three infant welfare clinics purposively selected in Ibadan North Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria. Participants were 110 mothers of children aged 6-24 months. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection and analysis done using SPSS version 20.0. Descriptive statistics were computed and Chi-square test was used for investigating association between categorical variables at 0.05 level of significance.Results: The findings revealed that 62 (56.4%) of the 110 mothers were aware of non-routine immunisation of which 23 (20.9%) had good knowledge about it. Only 23 (20.9%) of their children were immunized with all the nonroutine vaccines. High income, higher level of education and good knowledge level about non-routine immunisation of mothers were associated with the utilization of all non-routine immunisation among their children (p<0.01).Conclusion: Knowledge of mothers about non-routine immunisation was poor and uptake of the vaccines among their children low. Health education to improve mothers’ knowledge and utilization of non-routine immunisation by their children is recommended.
Keywords: Vaccine-preventablediseases, Children, Optional, Immunisation, Awareness, Uptake, Ibadan, Nigeria
Home-based hand hygiene practices of mothers in relation to infections in their infants
Authors: Ogunfowora O.B. , Ogunlesi T.A. , Oba-Daini O.O. 
Published: May 2021

Background: Infections are the leading causes of death in children. Most of these infections are transmitted through the hands of mothers, carers and health workers.Objective: To determine the pattern of home-based hand hygiene practices among mothers of young infants attending a tertiary facility clinic in relation to infections in their infants.Methods: A cross-sectional study of mothers of infants attending an immunization clinic was conducted using a self-designed, pretested questionnaire.Results: The mean age of the 203 mothers was 30.3 ±3.8 years. The majority of the mothers received counselling about hand washing as part of antenatal care (79.8%), had access to water at home (94.0%) and always washed hands with water and soap (48.3%). Although 149 (73.4%) knew hand sanitizers, only 28 (13.8%) used it. Close to half of their infants (46.3%) had various infections (diarrhoea, acute respiratory infections, and boils) within a month of the interview. Only counselling was associated with good quality hand washing practices (p<0.0001) while the age of child less than 6 months and good quality of hand washing were associated with the absence of infections in the infants (p = 0.029 and p<0.0001 respectively).Conclusion: Half of the cohort of mothers practiced good quality hand washing but with poor use of hand sanitizers. With various infections recorded in close to half of their infants, it is important to emphasise better hand washing techniques and improve access to alcohol-based hand sanitizers.
Key words: Alcohol-based Hand sanitizers, Hand hygiene, Hand washing, Infants, Infections, Sagamu.
Clinical and haematological features of newborns of mothers with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Omoniyi O.S. , Fajolu I.B. , Adediran A. , Temiye E.O. , Ladele J.I. 
Published: May 2021

Background: Newborns of mothers with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy have an increased risk of preterm delivery, low birth weight, perinatalasphyxia and haematological derangements such as polycythaemia, thrombocytopenia and neutropenia. These morbidities are associated with uteroplacental insufficiency. The haematological derangements however have not been studied in detail in African neonates.
Objective: To determine the clinical and haematological features of newborns of hypertensive mothers
Methods: Cross-sectional study involving 250 newborns; 125 newborns each of hypertensive mothers (cases), and normotensive mothers (controls). The babies were examined following delivery, their clinical data were recorded, and umbilical cord blood samples were analysed for haematological indices.
Results: Preterm deliveries were significantly higher amongst infants of hypertensive mothers (31.2%)compared with controls (12.0%);p = 0.000. Similarly, the birth weight, length and head circumference of the cases were significantly lower than the controls; p = 0.008, 0.003 and 0.004 respectively. Low fifth minute APGAR scores occurred more frequently in cases (8.0%) than controls (0.8%), p=0.010; whilst the mean haematocrit was also significantly higher in cases than the controls, p = 0.013. The median absolute neutrophil count and platelet count were significantly lower in cases than controls; p=0.023 and 0.047 respectively. Thrombocytopenia was identified in 40.0% of the cases compared to 27.2% of the controls, p = 0.041
Conclusion: The present study has shown that newborns of hypertensive mothers have an increased risk of neonatal morbidities such as preterm birth, LBW and thrombocytopenia compared to the newborns of mothers with normal blood pressure in pregnancy, hence close attention needs to be paid to them with emphasis on their haematological system.
Key words: newborn, pregnancy, hypertension, hypertensive disorders, haematological, clinical
Prevalence and associated morbidities of preterm neonatal admissions at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, North-Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Mustapha B. , Simon P. , Abdullahi B.I. , Abubakar H.I. 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Preterm delivery is of considerable concern to clinicians and researchers being a leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality in the industrialized countries and also contributes to substantial complications among survivors. Sub-Saharan Africa, including Nigeria accounts for significant proportion of preterm births, with over million deaths due to complication of prematurity.
Objectives: The study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated morbidities of preterm deliveries at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, North-Eastern Nigeria.
Patients and methods: This is a retrospective review of neonates delivered before 37 completed weeks of gestation and admitted into the Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU) of the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, from 1st January 2008 to 31st December 2015.
Results: There were 3435 admissions into the Special Care baby Unit (SCBU) during the 8 year period. Out of these 1129 were preterm babies giving a prevalence of 32.9%. Of the 1129 preterm babies managed in SCBU, 714 case records were retrieved and analyzed giving a retrieval rate of 63%. There were 372 (52.1%) males and 342 (47.9%) females; with the male to female ratio of 1:1.08. There were 17(2.3%) extreme low birth weight (<1000g), 288 (40.3%) very low birth weight (1000-1499 g), 406 (56.9%) low birth weight (1500- 2499 g) babies. The range of admission weights was 700-2500g with mean of 1600±900g.
Conclusion: The burden, complications and mortality from preterm newborns remain significant public health challenges to care givers in Nigeria.
Key words : Prevalence, preterm babies, associated morbidities, Maiduguri
Symmetrical peripheral gangrene in a child following severe malaria with concomitant sepsis
Authors: Katibi O.S. , Olorunshola B.S. , Akintade O.O. , Folayan O.S. 
Published: May 2021

Symmetrical peripheral gangrene (SPG) is a welldocumented but rare clinical syndrome characterized by symmetrical distal ischemic damage leading to gangrene of two or more sites in the absence of large vessel obstruction or vasculitis. The aetiological factors responsible for SPG are vast and it could follow many common diseases such as malaria. This is a report of a 9month old child who developed symmetric peripheral gangrene following severe malaria (severe anaemia) and sepsis. Gangrene involved the 2nd to the 5thdigits and 3rd and 4thdigits of the left and right hands and all the toes. Autoamputation of the affected digits followed several weeks after discharge and was limited to the distal interphalangeal joints. There is the need for a high index of suspicion, early detection and prompt management of patients with disorders associated with SPG in order to limit the risk of permanent disability in otherwise treatable diseases.
Key words: peripheral, gangrene, malaria, child
Childhood accidental poisoning among hospitalised children in a tertiary health care in North Central Nigeria - A two year prospective report
Authors: Ahmed P.A. , Nwatah V.E. , Ulonnam C.C. 
Published: May 2021

Background: The young child can be at risk of accidental poisoning because of its being very inquisitive to mouth objects. The prevalence and typesof poisoning vary within Nigeria and different parts of the world.
Aim: To describe the sociodemographics, clinical features and outcome in childhood poisoning seen at the National hospital Abuja (NHA) Nigeria.
Subjects and Methods: A descriptive prospective study on children admitted for acute poisoning from September 2014 -August 2016. Consecutive children with a history of poisoning were recruited during the study period. The children were examined, and poison severity scores were recorded into a proforma, and followed up till discharge or demise.
Results: Twenty-two children were admitted for acute poisoning, out of the 2336 children seen during the study period, with a prevalence rate of 0.94%. Fourteen (63.6%) were of upper social class, with 12 (54. 5%) mothers having tertiary level education. The mean time (±SD) of presentation was 11.9 ± 23.9 hours, while the mean (SD) duration of hospital stay was 4.8 ± 6.2 days; hospital stay was significant with types of poisoning (Fisher exact test 22.062, p<0.0001). The common poisoning agents were kerosene and organophosphate, 8(36.4%) each, while main clinical features were cough in 8 (36.4%), tachypnoea in 7(31.8%), fever in 6 (27.3%) and 8(36.4%) had home intervention. Two (9.1%) and 4(18.2%) had poison severity scores (PSS) of 3 and 4 respectively, which was significant for time interval of presentation and use of harmful home intervention (Fisher exact test3.697, p=0.024) and (Fisher exact test10.04, p=0.018) respectively. Fatality was 18.2%.
Conclusion: kerosene and organophosphate were most common poison agents, while PSS was related to time of presentation, home intervention and types of poisoning agents.
Key words: childhood, poisoning, hospitalized, outcome.
Is there a relationship between hand grip strength and knee osteoarthritis in terms of radiological and functional findings in female patients?
Authors: Kulaklı Fazıl , Fatih Sarı İlker 
Published: May 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the presence of the relationship between hand grip strength (HGS) and radiological and functional signs of knee osteoarthritis (KOA).
Patients and methods: Between March 2019 and January 2020, a total of 64 female patients (mean age: 63.4±8.8 years; range, 50 to 80 years) with bilateral chronic knee pain who were diagnosed with KOA using radiological and clinical findings according to the 2019 American College of Rheumatology guidelines were included in the study. Patient demographics, body mass index (BMI) values, and hand dominance were recorded. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) and Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) were used for the assessment of KOA functionality. The Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grading system was used for the radiological assessment of KOA. Electronic dynamometer was used for HGS measurement and values were normalized according to BMI results.
Results: In the assessment of relationship between HGS and functionality of KOA, a negative, moderate correlation was found between the WOMAC and HGS-Dominant (D) (r=0.312, p<0.05) and HGS-Non-Dominant (ND) (r=0.391, p<0.01). In addition, a positive, moderate correlation was found between the LEFS and HGS-D (r=0.344, p<0.01) and HGS-ND (r=0.371, p<0.01). There was a weak, negative correlation between the HGS-ND, KL-D (r=0.256, p<0.05) and KL-ND (r=0.283, p<0.05), while no significant correlation was found between the HGS-D and KL.
Conclusion: Our study results show that HGS-ND is associated with KOA radiologically and functionally. The HGS should be added in the WOMAC and LEFS scales in the functional assessment of KOA and new scales including HGS assessment should be developed.
The Effect of the Addition of Turbo cyclone on the Inlet Air on Torque and Power in the Toyota Avanza 1300 CC
Authors: Zikri Ilham , Lapisa Remon 
Published: May 2021

The decrease in the performance of the vehicle is influenced by several factors such as low air pressure entering the throttle body . The purpose of this research is to improve vehicle performance again. This study used an experimental method conducted at the UNP Automotive Engineering Vehicle Testing Workshop using a Toyota Avanza 1300 CC vehicle, power and torque research was carried out by adding a turbo cyclone. Research data collection was carried out three times in each test. The results of research that has been carried out on the Toyota Avanza 1300 CC vehicle. 1) Installation of a turbo cyclone at a slope of 55o is the biggest increase in power, which is 3.3 Kw / 4.422 Hp. 2) Installation of a turbo cyclone at a slope of 65o, the largest increase in torque, which is 7.3 Nm. From the use of a turbo cylone so as to make air pressure increase, it affects torque and power.
Penurunan kinerja dari kendaraan dipengaruhi beberapa faktor seperti rendahnya tekanan udara yang masuk kedalam throttle body . Tujuan penelitian ini untuk meningkatkan kembali performa kendaraan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen yang dilakukan di Workshop Pengujian Kendaraan Teknik Otomotif UNP dengan menggunakan kendaraan Toyota Avanza 1300 CC, penelitian daya dan torsi dilakukan dengan menambahkan turbo cyclone. Pengambilan data penelitian dilakukan tiga kali pada tiap pengujian. Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan pada kendaraan Toyota Avanza 1300 CC. 1) Pemasangan turbo cyclone pada kemiringan 55o, menjadi peningkatan daya paling besar yaitu sebesar 3,3 Kw / 4,422 Hp. 2) Pemasangan turbo cyclone pada kemiringan 65o, menjadi peningkatan torsi paling besar yaitu sebesar 7,3 Nm. Dari penggunaan turbo cylone sehingga membuat tekanan udara meningkat mempengaruhi torsi dan daya.
Logistics 4.0 in organizations: a theoretical approach
Authors: Bianchi Renata Coradini , Henrique Aline Daniel , Hollveg Scheila Daiana Severo , Zonatto Patrinês Aparecida França 
Published: May 2021

Currently, service providers have been implementing new technologies to improve the service to their consumers, at the same time that it makes possible the optimization of resources it forms the reduction of the costs.
In this sense, the objective of this work was to analyze the effects of changes and the benefits that logistics 4.0 provides in service providers. For this, this research is structured in a qualitative approach of exploratory nature, with data collected through a bibliographic search in scientific articles that discuss Logistics 4.0. The research findings show that the result of the change in the institutions occurred through Logistics 4.0, an innovative tool that is based on the insertion of new technologies that benefit companies in the competitive scenario in which they are inserted. The solutions brought by Logistics 4.0 are called Big Data, Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Blockchain, among others. It was evidenced in the study, that these tools enable organizational growth, and contribute to an increase in productivity and efficiency in the operations carried out in the companies providing services.