bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Singapore's health outcomes after critical illness in kids: A study protocol exploring health outcomes of families 6 months after critical illness
Authors: Poh Pei‐Fen , Lee Jan Hau , Manning Joseph C. , Carey Matthew C. , Sultana Rehena , Latour Jos M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimTo explore and understand the impact of paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission on longitudinal health outcomes, experiences and support needs of children and their parents in the first 6 months after PICU discharge and to examine the role of ethnicity.DesignThis study uses a prospective, longitudinal design.MethodsThe sample will include children (N = 110) and at least one parent (N = 110) admitted to the PICU (KKH‐AM start‐up fund, October 2020). Quantitative study: Participants will be recruited at PICU admission. Data will be collected at five time points: during PICU admission (T0), at PICU discharge (T1), 1 month (T2), 3 months (T3) and 6 months (T4) after PICU discharge. Questionnaires will assess physical and cognitive outcomes of the child survivor. Emotional and social health outcomes will be assessed for both the child and the parents. Qualitative study: At least 12 parents will take part in a semi‐structured interview conducted at both 1 and 6 months after PICU to explore their experiences and support needs after PICU discharge. All interviews will be audio‐recorded with verbatim transcription. We will use framework analysis for qualitative data analysis.DiscussionUnderstanding of Singapore health outcomes after critical illness in kids (SHACK) and their families is limited. There is an urgent need to comprehensively understand the health trajectory and consequences of the PICU child survivors and their families. This research will be the first to explore the health outcomes, needs and experiences after paediatric critical illness in Asia.ImpactThis study will provide an understanding of the health outcomes and trajectory of children and parents in the first 6 months after PICU discharge and examine the association between race and outcomes after PICU discharge. Identification of modifiable pre‐disposing risk factors during the PICU admission will inform future interventions to improve long‐term outcomes of children and parents following paediatric critical illness.Trial registration: Clinicaltrial.gov: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04637113.
Shared patterns of spatial accumulation of lineages across terrestrial vertebrates
Authors: Crouch Nicholas M. A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimWhether species co‐occur with closely related taxa has long been thought to influence both the rate of species formation and maximum clade diversity. However, it is unclear whether these processes act concordantly across entire clades and between taxa with disparate dispersal and life history strategies. Quantifying these patterns will yield a better understanding of the factors regulating biodiversity. I investigate whether allopatry promotes lineage diversification leading to greater clade richness. I also test whether slowdowns in diversification and family richness are correlated with increased sympatry.LocationGlobal.TaxonBirds, mammals, and amphibians.MethodsPosterior distributions of speciation rate estimates were compared between different definitions of lineage allopatry. Temporal changes in speciation rate were compared against family diversity as well as the mean and maximum number of overlapping familial ranges.ResultsMore diverse families accumulate more overlapping ranges, but this process is nonrandom with predominantly nonsister taxa overlapping. Sister species in allopatry have higher speciation rates, with rates generally suppressed when allopatry is defined using all confamilial taxa, suggesting that the effect changes over the course of a radiation. Slowdowns in diversification are uncorrelated with the maximum and mean number of regionally sympatric species, therefore appearing to be either an idiosyncratic feature of certain clades or at least not related to spatial packing of confamilial species.Main conclusions.Allopatry of sister species is correlated with rapid diversification at 1–3 Ma timescales. At the family level, maximal clade diversity is achieved through increased sympatry of member species, that is, packing of related species within a single geographic area.
Differential speciation rates, colonization time and niche conservatism affect community assembly across adjacent biogeographical regions
Authors: Benício Ronildo A. , Provete Diogo B. , Lyra Mariana L. , Heino Jani , Haddad Célio F. B. , Rossa‐Feres Denise de C. , da Silva Fernando R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimTo test the importance of evolutionary and biogeographical processes in shaping the assembly of local frog communities in two adjacent regions (hereafter, coastal and inland regions) with different historical signatures. We asked two main questions: (1) why does the coastal region harbour more frog species than the inland region? and (2) how do these processes affect the spatial variation in taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversities within and across these regions?Locationsoutheastern Brazil.TaxonAnurans.MethodsWe generated time‐calibrated phylogenies to estimate the relative timing of colonization, rates of speciation, extinction and dispersal between regions. We tested the phylogenetic signal in reproductive modes. These traits were also used to examine variation in functional composition across sites. We calculated metrics of phylogenetic community structure that capture the relationships near the root and tips of the tree. Finally, we tested the relationships between the spatial variation of multiple diversity dimensions and topographic complexity, Pleistocene and contemporary climate gradients for three spatial extents: (1) only coastal sites; (2) only inland sites; and (3) the two regions combined.ResultsThe structure of communities was related to the region in which they are located, with regional pool size being two times greater for the coastal than inland region. This pattern seems to reflect both a higher speciation rate and earlier colonization time in the coastal than in the inland region. Reproductive modes within frog genera were less variable than among families, indicating phylogenetic signal. This pattern influenced local community assembly within the inland region due to the absence of species with direct development, tadpoles in bromeliads or eggs and tadpoles in streams in this region.Main conclusionsMacroevolutionary dynamics, such as colonization time, differences in speciation rates and niche conservatism generate the disparity in species richness and assembly patterns of local communities between regions, but not within regions, in which local communities were more similar to each other.
Social Jetlag in adolescents: From a nursing perspective
Authors: Uslu Esra , Özsaban Aysel , Çağan Özlem 
Published: June 2021

AbstractProblemSocial Jetlag (SJL) is a condition leading to many important physical, mental, behavioral, and cognitive problems in adolescents.MethodsThe sample of this study, which used a descriptive and correlational design, consisted of 247 high school students. The SJL parameters were informed by the literature, while chronotype was identified using the Morningness‐Eveningness Scale for Children. The factors associated with SJL were determined using a structured questionnaire.FindingsStudents' SJL value was 2 h 10 min ± 01:11. As students' tendency to be an evening chronotype increased, the SJL value increased, as well (r = −0.472; p < 0.001). In terms of SJL, student's grade level (β = −0.167; p = 0.004) and chronotype (β = −0.438; p < 0.001) were a negative risk factor, while spending time in bed with TV/computer/smartphone before sleeping (β = 0.127; p = 0.031) was a positive risk factor.ConclusionsThe students had a high SJL value. The results might be useful for nurses to develop intervention strategies to improve adolescents sleep habits.
ASPP2 inhibits hepatitis B virus replication by preventing nucleus translocation of HSF1 and attenuating the transactivation of ATG7
Authors: Wang Shanshan , Sun Yu , Wang Yang , Wang Anna , Kou Buxin , Che Yang , Chen Dexi , Zhang Yulin , Shi Ying 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) is a kind of virus with the capability to induce autophagy, thereby facilitating its replication. Reducing hepatocyte autophagy is proved to be a useful way to inhibit HBV replication. Herein, we reported that p53‐binding protein 2 (apoptosis‐stimulating protein of p53‐2, ASPP2) could attenuate HBV‐induced hepatocyte autophagy in a p53‐independent manner. Mechanistically, overexpressed ASPP2 binds to HSF1 in cytoplasm of HBV‐infected cells, which prevents the translocation of HSF1 to nuclei, thereby inhibiting the transactivation of Atg7. By regulating the transcription of Atg7, ASPP2 reduces hepatocyte autophagy, thereby inhibiting HBV replication. Therefore, ASPP2 is a key regulator of cell autophagy, and overexpression of ASPP2 could be a novel method to inhibit HBV replication in hepatocytes.
Experimental methodologies to evaluate the masking ability of dental materials: A systematic review
Authors: dos Santos Renan Brandenburg , Collares Kaue , Brandeburski Suzane Boa Nova , Pecho Oscar E. , Della Bona Alvaro 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review on the masking ability of discolored substrates, analyzing the capacity and quality of the response produced by the different methodologies and techniques applied to overcome this clinical challenge.Materials and methodsThe study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The electronic search was conducted in MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases, without date restriction. In vitro studies, written in English, applying different methodologies to evaluate masking ability were included. The variables of interest were: type, color and thickness of the restorative and/or cement material; use of pigments in the restorative material and/or cement; color of the substrate; and background color used for the evaluations.ResultsDatabase search retrieved 307 eligible papers with a final inclusion of 47 published papers. Approximately 98% of the studies used ΔE, 36% used TP, and only 6% used CR to evaluate the masking ability of restorative materials.ConclusionsThe most appropriate methodology to evaluate the masking ability is using color difference equations (ΔE) associated with the perceptibility and acceptability thresholds.Clinical significanceAs different methodologies have been used to evaluate the masking ability of esthetic restorative materials on colored substrates, there is an urgent need to reach a consensus and propose a method, which is suggested by the present systematic review.
Age and growth of early‐life‐stage Atlantic tarpon (Megalops atlanticus) from the northcentral Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Graham Patrick M. , Franks James S. , Anderson Evan J. , Leaf Robert T. , Tilley Jason D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAge and growth of early‐life‐stage Atlantic tarpon Megalops atlanticus collected from Mississippi coastal waters in the northcentral Gulf of Mexico (GOM) are described using otolith microstructure analysis. Tarpon leptocephali (n = 95, 16.0—27.8 mm standard length, LS) collected from June throughOctober 2013—2018, ranged in age from 22 to 43 days (mean = 30.9 ± 0.5 days). Leptocephalus somatic growth rates ranged 0.46—1.24 mm day−1 (mean = 0.76 ± 0.02 mm day−1), and leptocephalus otolith growth rates ranged 1.78—3.97 μm day−1 (mean = 2.58 ± 0.04 μm day−1). Growth rates were inversely correlated to leptocephalus age, indicating the shrinkage phase associated with leptocephalus metamorphosis. Juvenile tarpon (n = 358, 50—359 mm fork length, LF) were collected from August through December 2007—2018. Juveniles exhibited a positive allometric relationship (adjusted R2 = 0.99, P < 0.001) between length and mass. The age of 100 juveniles (71—277 mm LF) ranged from 76 to 174 days. Juvenile growth rate was estimated as 1.56 ± 0.11 mm day−1. Significant (P < 0.001) linear relationships were found between juvenile age and otolith metrics, including otolith mass (R2 = 0.81) and radius (R2 = 0.68). Evaluation of the backcalculated hatch dates suggests that specimens in the collection hatched from late May through mid‐September with slight peaks during July and August. A Rao's Spacing Test of Uniformity indicates the presence of significant lunar periodicity in leptocephalus hatch dates (n = 95, U = 250.1, P < 0.05), with 50% of the leptocephali hatched within 5 days (before or after) of the full moon. This study fills critical gaps in the scientific knowledge of tarpon and provides estimates of early‐life‐history metrics for an iconic game fish at the northernmost extent of its GOM range.
The changing times of Europe's largest remaining commercially harvested population of eel Anguilla anguilla L.
Authors: Aprahamian Miran W. , Evans Derek W. , Briand Cedric , Walker Alan M. , McElarney Yvonne , Allen Michelle 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study quantifies the processes involved in regulating the European eel population of Lough Neagh, a lake in Northern Ireland. The relationship between glass eel input and silver eel output for the 1923–1997 cohorts was best described by a Beverton–Holt stock recruitment model. Glass eel input time series was not complete and was thus derived from the relationship between catches elsewhere in Europe and Lough Neagh, together with the addition of stocked glass eel. Silver eel output was the sum of silver eel escapement, catch and yellow eel catch converted to silver eel equivalents. Natural mortality increased with glass eel density, ranging from 0.017 to 0.142 year−1. The mean carrying capacity increased from ≈3.25 M silver eels (≈26 kg ha−1) for the 1923–1943 cohorts to ≈5.0 M (≈40 kg ha−1) for the 1948–1971 cohorts before regressing back to ≈3.25 M. The total silver eel output was highest during the late 1970s/early 1980s at 35–45 kg ha−1 year−1 and lowest during the early years of the 20th century and is currently at 10–15 kg ha−1 year−1. The findings are discussed in relation to (a) the ecological changes that have occurred within the lough, associated with eutrophication and the introduction of roach (Rutilus rutilus L.), and (b) the decline of the wider European eel stock across its distribution range. The findings from this study have relevance for the wider management of the European eel stock.
Dental prosthetic treatment reduced the risk of weight loss among older adults with tooth loss
Authors: Kusama Taro , Nakazawa Noriko , Kiuchi Sakura , Kondo Katsunori , Osaka Ken , Aida Jun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesWeight loss is a critical health issue in older adults. Oral function is essential for nutrient intake and can be restored using dental prosthetic treatments in patients with tooth loss. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between tooth loss and weight loss among the older adults and to evaluate the magnitude of its risk reduction by dental prosthetic treatment.DesignThree‐year follow‐up longitudinal study based on a self‐reported questionnaire.SettingCommunity‐dwelling older adults in Japan.ParticipantsAdults aged 65 and older (n = 53,690).MeasurementsWe used >10% weight loss during follow‐up, the number of remaining teeth, and the use of dental prostheses as the outcome variable, exposure variable, and mediator, respectively. We fitted the logistic regression model including possible confounders and calculated the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of the controlled direct effect (CDE) at the level of use or nonuse of the dental prosthesis based on a causal mediation analysis framework. Additionally, we calculated the proportion eliminated by the dental prosthesis.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 72.6 years (1 SD = 5.5), and 47.4% were males. About 5.8% (n = 3132) of them experienced >10% weight loss during the follow‐up. Weight loss was observed in 6.8% of the participants with 0–19 remaining teeth and in 4.3% of them with ≥20 remaining teeth. The CDE of 0–19 remaining teeth was greater when no one used dental prosthesis (OR = 1.41; 95% CI = 1.26–1.59) compared with that when all participants used dental prosthesis (OR = 1.26; 95% CI = 1.08–1.46). This indicated that dental prosthesis decreased the risk of weight loss by 37.3%.ConclusionOur study revealed that tooth loss increased the risk of clinically critical levels of weight loss among community‐dwelling older adults. However, this risk was reduced by dental prosthetic treatment.
Developing eHealth tools for diverse older adults: Lessons learned from the PREPARE for Your Care Program
Authors: Scheerens Charlotte , Gilissen Joni , Volow Aiesha M. , Powell Jana L. , Ferguson Clarissa M. , Farrell David , Li Brookelle , Berry Corinne , Sudore Rebecca L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesElectronic Health (eHealth) tools offer opportunities for people to access health information online; yet, most tools are not designed to meet the unique needs of diverse older adults, leading to health disparities. Our goal was to provide guidance for the development of eHealth tools for diverse older populations for use in geriatric care models.DesignGuidance for eHealth tools was compiled from user design resources and eHealth design literature. Pragmatic examples were provided from an evidenced‐based eHealth tool called PREPAREforYourCare.org (PREPARE). We used quantitative feasibility data from PREPARE research studies and qualitative analysis of PREPARE focus groups, cognitive interviews, and feedback from randomized trials to further inform our recommendations.ResultsGuidance and lessons learned include: (1) define clear objectives and a conceptual framework; (2) co‐create with the target population; (3) optimize the design and layout for accessibility and ease of use, such as text at the 5th grade reading level, closed captioning, etc.; (4) use simple, standardized navigation design; (5) use actionable information to enhance behavior change, such as modeling of behaviors; (6) align accompanying written materials with the eHealth tool; and (7) create tracking mechanisms for ongoing user feedback. PREPARE is used as a case example to provide pragmatic illustrations for how the guidance may be operationalized.ConclusioneHealth tools can be tailored to the unique characteristics, preferences, and needs of diverse older populations. Following the “lessons learned” may help decrease health disparities among diverse older adults and ensure eHealth tools are readily accessible and culturally appropriate.
Pre‐Exposure Prophylaxis for HIV Infection and the Role of the Women's Health Care Provider in HIV Prevention
Authors: Ruppe Leah B. , Spencer Lisa A. , Kriebs Jan M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHIV infection is a major public health problem for women in the United States. Prevention of new HIV infections is essential to the goal of eliminating HIV in the United States. Pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective and safe HIV prevention method recommended for women at increased risk for HIV infection, including during pregnancy and lactation. The recommended PrEP regimen is a fixed‐dose combination of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine administered as a single daily dose. The initial evaluation for individuals desiring PrEP for HIV prevention includes obtaining a history, laboratory evaluation, and evaluation of the accessibility and acceptability of PrEP. Individuals using PrEP medications are seen every 3 months for follow‐up. These follow‐up visits include evaluation for signs and symptoms of seroconversion, management of side effects and adverse reactions, and evaluation of adherence to PrEP. Follow‐up visits also include testing for HIV, sexually transmitted infections, and renal function and a review of HIV prevention and risk reduction methods. Despite known safety and efficacy of PrEP among women, PrEP use in women in the United States remains low. Gaps exist in HIV prevention that can in part be addressed by women's health care providers through risk screening and provision of HIV prevention methods. All providers of comprehensive sexual health care can and should assess individuals for risk factors for HIV infection and offer HIV prevention methods, including PrEP, to individuals at risk for HIV.
European Academy of Neurology/Peripheral Nerve Society guideline on diagnosis and treatment of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: Report of a joint Task Force—Second revision
Authors: Van den Bergh Peter Y. K. , van Doorn Pieter A. , Hadden Robert D. M. , Avau Bert , Vankrunkelsven Patrik , Allen Jeffrey A. , Attarian Shahram , Blomkwist‐Markens Patricia H. , Cornblath David R. , Eftimov Filip , Goedee H. Stephan , Harbo Thomas , Kuwabara Satoshi , Lewis Richard A. , Lunn Michael P. , Nobile‐Orazio Eduardo , Querol Luis , Rajabally Yusuf A. , Sommer Claudia , Topaloglu Haluk A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo revise the 2010 consensus guideline on chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP). Seventeen disease experts, a patient representative, and two Cochrane methodologists constructed 12 Population/Intervention/Comparison/Outcome (PICO) questions regarding diagnosis and treatment to guide the literature search. Data were extracted and summarized in GRADE summary of findings (for treatment PICOs) or evidence tables (for diagnostic PICOs). Statements were prepared according to the GRADE Evidence‐to‐Decision frameworks. Typical CIDP and CIDP variants were distinguished. The previous term “atypical CIDP” was replaced by “CIDP variants” because these are well characterized entities (multifocal, focal, distal, motor, or sensory CIDP). The levels of diagnostic certainty were reduced from three (definite, probable, possible CIDP) to only two (CIDP and possible CIDP), because the diagnostic accuracy of criteria for probable and definite CIDP did not significantly differ. Good Practice Points were formulated for supportive criteria and investigations to be considered to diagnose CIDP. The principal treatment recommendations were: (a) intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) or corticosteroids are strongly recommended as initial treatment in typical CIDP and CIDP variants; (b) plasma exchange is strongly recommended if IVIg and corticosteroids are ineffective; (c) IVIg should be considered as first‐line treatment in motor CIDP (Good Practice Point); (d) for maintenance treatment, IVIg, subcutaneous immunoglobulin or corticosteroids are recommended; (e) if the maintenance dose of any of these is high, consider either combination treatments or adding an immunosuppressant or immunomodulatory drug (Good Practice Point); and (f) if pain is present, consider drugs against neuropathic pain and multidisciplinary management (Good Practice Point).