bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Biogas through Chemically Treated Cottonseed Hull in Anaerobic Digestion with/without Cow Dung: An Experimental Study
Authors: R Venkateshkumar , S Shanmugam , AR Veerappan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Cow dung is generally used as the feedstock material for the anaerobic digestion to produce biogas. A selection of alternate biomass material is needed to reduce the consumption or to eliminate the use of cow dung. Recently, cottonseed hull has been considered as the primary substrate to produce biogas. In this paper, the effect of biogas production on anaerobic co-digestion of cow dung with pre-treated cottonseed hull using different concentrations of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrogen peroxide, and acetic acid is investigated. Sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide are used at different concentrations for pre-treatment of cottonseed hull. The enhancement of biogas production from the batch reactors at mesophilic temperature (35 ± 2 ℃) is observed for mono- and co-digestion of cow dung with treated cottonseed hull. Maximum biogas yield is achieved for the treated cottonseed hull at 6% sodium hydroxide during mono digestion and at 6% calcium hydroxide during co-digestion.
The Effects of Concentration Gradient of Nitrogen Compounds on the Ammonium-nitrogen and Nitrate-nitrogen Fluxes at Sediment-Water Interface
Authors: Wang Han , Wu Qing , Han Yuping 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The incubation experiments focused on altering concentration gradients of nitrogen between sediment and overlying water to examine the diffusion flux of ammonium-nitrogen (NH4+) and nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-) at sediment-water interface. In this study, the diffusion flux can be estimated based on calculating the average of the net change rate of nutrient concentrations in the overlying water. For the incubation experiment of different TN concentrations in the sediment, the results showed that the diffusion flux of ammonia at sediment-water interface is -52.57~84.57 mg·m-2·d-1, and for nitrate diffusion flux, the changing range during the incubation experiment is -110.13~143.25 mg·m-2·d-1. For the incubation experiment of different nitrogen concentrations in the overlying water, the results of NH4+-N diffusion flux in L, M, H treatment were 3.37, -4.94, -3.84 mg·m-2·d-1, respectively. And the average diffusion flux of nitrate in L (0 mg NO3--N, 0 mg NH4+-N), M (0.5 mg NO3--N, 1.5 mg NH4+-N) and H (1 mg NO3--N, 2.5 mg NH4+-N) treatment were 12.30, 10.39 and 7.11 mg·m-2·d-1. Results highlighted that concentrations gradient of nutrients were indeed an important factor affecting the diffusion flux at sediment-water interface. In addition, the diffusion of nutrients at sediment-water interface in aquatic ecosystem is not only controlled by concentration gradients, some other factors such as incoming water, hydrodynamics, dissolved oxygen content, sediment structure, biological disturbance, horizontal migration and diffusion of nutrients and turbulent diffusion caused by wind and wave, are equally important.
Federated Trusted Third Party as an Approach for Privacy Preserving Record Linkage in a Large Network of University Medicines in Pandemic Research
Authors: Hampf Christopher , Bialke Martin , Hund Hauke , Fegeler Christian , Lang Stefan , Penndorf Peter , Wöller Nico , Bahls Thomas , Moser Frank-Michael , Geidel Lars , Blumentritt Arne , Schuldt Ronny , Seidel Florian , Brunecker Peter , Wettstein Reto , Arnecke Lukas , Hoffmann Wolfgang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe Federal Ministry of Research and Education funded the Network of University Medicine for establishing an infrastructure for pandemic research. This includes the development of a COVID-19 Data Exchange Platform (CODEX) that provides standardised and harmonised data sets for COVID-19 research. Nearly all university hospitals in Germany are part of the project and transmit medical data from the local data integration centres to the CODEX platform. The medical data on a person that has been collected at several sites is to be made available on the CODEX platform in a merged form. To enable this, a federated trusted third party (fTTP) will be established, which will allow the pseudonymised merging of the medical data. The fTTP implements privacy preserving record linkage based on Bloom filters and assigns pseudonyms to enable re-pseudonymisation during data transfer to the CODEX platform.ResultsThe fTTP was implemented conceptually and technically. For this purpose, the processes that are necessary for data delivery were modelled. The resulting communication relationships were identified and corresponding interfaces were specified. These were developed according to the specifications in FHIR and validated with the help of external partners. Existing tools such as the identity management system E-PIX® were further developed accordingly so that sites can generate Bloom filters based on person identifying information. An extension for the comparison of Bloom filters was implemented for the federated trust third party. The correct implementation was shown in the form of a demonstrator and the connection of two data integration centres.ConclusionsThis article describes how the fTTP was modelled and implemented. In a first expansion stage, the fTTP was exemplarily connected through two sites and its functionality was demonstrated. Further expansion stages, which are already planned, have been technically specified and will be implemented in the future in order to also handle cases in which the privacy preserving record linkage achieves ambiguous results. The first expansion stage of the fTTP is available in the University Medicine network and will be connected by all participating sites in the ongoing test phase.
Role of Peer Support in Posttraumatic Growth Among Adolescent and Young Adult (AYA) Patients and Survivors with Pediatric and AYA Cancer
Authors: Matsui Motohiro , Taku Kanako , Tsutsumi Rina , Ueno Midori , Seto Mayuri , Makimoto Atsushi , Yuza Yuki 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose Adolescents and young adults (AYA) who undergo cancer treatment sometimes report posttraumatic growth (PTG) and experience posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Although the importance of peer support has been demonstrated, its association with PTG, especially in the five, distinct domains of PTG, needs to be investigated further in AYA cancer survivors. The present study examined the role of demographics, peer support, and PTSS in PTG among AYA cancer patients and survivors. MethodsThe present, multicenter, cross-sectional, prospective, web-based study enrolled AYA cancer patients and survivors (median age 28 years). Of 549 AYA patients recruited, 212 patients from 11 cancer centers and 12 cancer patient communities agreed to participate by completing a self-reported measure of PTG (PTGIX-J) and providing information about their diagnosis, treatment, peer support (affiliation with an AYA patient community or friendship with other AYA cancer patients), social status, and PTSS. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify significant correlates in the total score and five PTG domains. ResultsIn general, PTG was positively associated with male sex, years since diagnosis, having a confidant, and friendship with other AYA cancer patients. PTG was not significantly related to age, age at diagnosis, affiliation to an AYA patient community or PTSS. Friendship with other AYA cancer patients was positively associated with all five PTG subscales. PTSS was not associated with PTG but was associated with a subscale of “appreciation of life”. For the five subscale scores, “belonging to a religion” was positively associated with “spiritual change,” and “having a confidant” and “a good relationship with siblings” were positively associated with “appreciation of life.” Conclusion “Having a confidant” and “friendship with other AYA cancer patients” was positively associated with PTG. Psychosocial interventions mobilizing peer support can potentially contribute to promoting PTG in AYA cancer patients.
Impaired Pulmonary Vascular Adaptation to Exercise in Emphysema without Pulmonary Hypertension – A Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Capron Thibaut , Bartoli Axel , Rappacchi Stanislas , Gautier Clarisse , Bettayeb Faiza , Morange Sophie , Guye Maxime , Bernard Monique , Chanez Pascal , Gaubert Jean-Yves , Jacquier Alexis , Reynaud-Gaubert Martine 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with emphysema lead to respiratory disability beyond bronchial obstruction. The functional impact of pulmonary vascular lesions in emphysema remains unknown. We investigated pulmonary vascular adaptation to exercise in patients with extended emphysema.Methods: Chest magnetic resonance imaging was used to quantitatively assess right-heart function, pulmonary artery and distal pulmonary blood flow. This was performed at rest and during cycling exercise with a magnetic resonance imaging-compatible cyclo-ergometer. Seven emphysematous patients without pulmonary hypertension were compared to 7 healthy non-smokers matched in gender and age.Results: At rest, cardio-pulmonary hemodynamics and distal pulmonary vascular parameters were similar in both groups. Intrasubject adaptation to exercise in emphysematous patients was characterized by a higher increase in right-ventricular ejection fraction (ΔRVEF +8.1 vs. -2.4 %, P=0.046) though a lower right-cardiac output (4.41 vs. 5.79 L/min, P=0.04) at exercise. Accounting for right-cardiac output variation, the distal pulmonary vascular yield index trended to be decreased in patients (ΔPBF/ΔQf -0.78 vs. +18.83 %, P=0.18).Conclusions: Pulmonary vascular adaptation to exercise is impaired in emphysematous patients without identified pulmonary hypertension.Clinical trial registration NCT 04126616.
A Vehicle Can Bus Anomaly Detection Method for Periodic Attacks Based on the Entropy Model
Authors: Duan Xuting , Yan Huiwen , Zhou Jianshan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Because of the rapid development of automobile intelligence and networking, cyber attackers can invade the vehicle network via wired and wireless interfaces, such as physical interfaces, short-range wireless interfaces, and long-range wireless interfaces. Thus, interfering with regular driving will immediately jeopardises the drivers’ and passengers’ personal and property safety. To accomplish security protection for the vehicle CAN (Controller Area Network) bus, we propose an anomaly detection method by calculating the information entropy based on the number of interval messages during the sliding window. It detects periodic attacks on the vehicle CAN bus, such as replay attacks and flooding attacks. First, we calculate the number of interval messages according to the CAN bus baud rate, the number of bits of a single frame message, and the time required to calculate information entropy within the window. Second, we compute the window information entropy of regular packet interval packets and determine the normal threshold range by setting a threshold coefficient. Finally, we calculate the information entropy of the data to be measured, determine whether it is greater than or less than the threshold, and detect the anomaly. The experiment uses CANoe software to simulate the vehicle network. It uses the body frame CAN bus network of a brand automobile body bench as the regular network, simulates attack nodes to attack the regular network periodically, collects message data, and verifies the proposed detection method. The results show that the proposed detection method has lower false-negative and false-positive rates for attack scenarios such as replay attacks and flood attacks across different attack cycles.
The Spatial Orientation and Interaction of Cell Wall Polymers in Bamboo Revealed with a Combination of Imaging Polarized FTIR and Directional Chemical Removal
Authors: Zhu Jiawei , Ren Wenting , Guo Fei , Wang Hankun , Yu Yan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The mechanical and physical properties of lignocellulosic materials are closely related to the orientation and interaction of the polymers within cell walls. In this work, Imaging Polarized FTIR, combined with directional chemical removal, was applied to characterize the spatial orientation and interaction of cell wall polymers in bamboo fibers and parenchyma cells from two bamboo species. The results demonstrate the cellulose in bamboo fibers is nearly axially oriented whereas it is almost transversely arranged in parenchyma cells. Xylan and lignin are both preferentially oriented alongside cellulose, but with less orientation degre in the parenchyma cells. After lignin removal, the average orientation of xylan and cellulose is little affected, suggesting a strong interaction between cellulose and xylan. Meanwhile, the alkaline treatment significantly weakens the orientation of lignin in both fibers and parenchyma cells, and more significant for the latter, indicating the easy-degradable nature of lignin in parenchyma cells. And, it seemed the lignin and xylan in fibers were more difficult to be removed as compared to parenchyma cells, supporting the assumption that stronger interaction exists between lignin and xylan in the fibers. In a word, it was believed parenchyma cells are more suitable for biorefinery owing to its less ordered and relatively loose molecular assembly, as compared to fibers.
Economic Analysis For Sustainable Utilization of Ethanol Production Residues From Grain and Inedible Plant Wastes
Authors: Li Chao'en , Lee May-Suan , Hoadley Andrew , Patel Jim , Lim Seng , Kozielski Karen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The global initiative to find alternative fuel sources to fossil fuels is an ongoing process. As such, bioethanol is used as a fuel blend with petrol. However, large number of solid wastes is produced from ethanol plants sourcing from grain and inedible plant wastes, for example, WDGS (wet distiller’s grain with soluble) and DDGS (dry distiller’s grain with soluble) produced from ethanol plants using corn. This study investigates alternative methods for using these co-products through combustion and anaerobic digestion. Process simulation and economic analysis were conducted using current market prices to evaluate the viability of the processes. Products in the form of energy are produced. Optimization of the corn ethanol plant was also explored for re-using the heat and electricity produced in those processes. The profits of combustion and anaerobic digestion were compared. It was found that these processes will supply more viable options to simply selling the grain as feed for livestock. The anaerobic digestion of WDGS to produce electricity scenario was found to have the biggest profit among the four scenarios which can bring the annual income of 14.1 million Australian dollar to the ethanol plant. An environmental analysis of the CO2 emissions was also conducted. Using the Australian state emission factor, the amount of CO2 offset through both combustion and anaerobic digestion can be seen. The anaerobic digestion of WDGS to supply heat to the plant was proved having the largest CO2 abatement with the value of 0.58 kg-CO2e/L-EtOH.
A Systems Approach Discovers the Role and Characteristics of Seven LysR Type Transcription Factors in Escherichia Coli
Authors: Rodionova Irina , Palsson Bernhard , Gao Ye , Wong Nicholas , Szubin Richard , Lim Hyun Gyu , Rodionov Dmitry , Zhang Zhongge , Saier Milton 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Although Escherichia coli K-12 strains represent perhaps the best known model bacteria, we do not know the identity or functions of all of their transcription factors (TFs). It is now possible to systematically discover the physiological function of TFs in E. coli BW25113 using a set of synergistic methods; including ChIP-exo, growth phenotyping, conserved gene clustering, and transcriptome analysis. Among 47 LysR-type TFs (LTFs) found on the E. coli K-12 genome, many regulate nitrogen source utilization or amino acid metabolism. However, 19 LTFs remain unknown. In this study, we elucidated the regulation of seven of these 19 LTFs: YbdO, YbeF, YgfI, YiaU, YneJ, YcaN, YbhD. We show that: 1) YbdO regulation has an effect on bacterial growth at low pH with citrate supplementation. YbdO is a repressor of the ybdNM operon and is implicated in the regulation of citrate lyase genes (citCDEFG); 2) YgfI activates the dhaKLM operon that encodes the phosphotransferase system involved in glycerol and dihydroxyacetone utilization; 3) YiaU regulates the yiaT gene encoding an outer membrane protein, and waaPSBOJYZU operon is also important in determining cell density at the stationary phase; 4) YneJ, re-named here as PtrR, directly regulates the expression of the succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, Sad (also known as YneI), and is a predicted regulator of fnrS (a small RNA molecule). PtrR is important for bacterial growth in the presence of L-glutamate and putrescine as nitrogen sources; and 5) YbhD and YcaN regulate adjacent y-genes on the genome and YbeF is involved in flagella gene regulation. We have thus established the functions for four LTFs and identified the target genes for three LTFs.
Dexmedetomidine - Oxycodone Combination for Conscious Sedation During Colonoscopy in Obese Patients: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Wang Xinran , Zhang Zhen , Zhang Manman , Zhou Meiyan , Han Sun , Zhang Rui , Ahmad Niall , Shi Rongxia , Zhu Yangzi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: The objective of this trial was to investigate the effectiveness and safety of dexmedetomidine plus oxycodone for conscious sedation during colonoscopy in obese patients. Methods: A total of 138 patients undergoing colonoscopy were randomly assigned into one of two groups: group Dex+oxy received sedation with dexmedetomidine plus oxycodone; while group Pro+suf received anaesthesia with propofol plus sufentanil. Parameters including blood pressure, heart rate, respiration, blood oxygen saturation, injection pain, and recovery were recorded for both groups. Results: The incidence of hypoxaemia was significantly reduced in group Dex+oxy compared with group Pro+suf (4.9% vs 20.3%, P = 0.011). Blood pressure was significantly increased, and heart rate was reduced in group Dex+oxy compared with group Pro+suf (P < 0.05). Moreover, the caecal insertion time, recovery time to orientation, and recovery time to walking were significantly reduced in group Dex+oxy compared with group Pro+suf (P < 0.05). Endoscopist satisfaction scores were significantly higher in group Dex+oxy compared with group Pro+suf (P = 0.042). Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine plus oxycodone provides effective sedation with minimal adverse effects for obese patients, while also reducing colonoscopy operation difficulty by allowing obese patients to reposition. Thus, dexmedetomidine plus oxycodone could be used safely as a conscious sedation method for colonoscopy in obese patients.Trial registration The protocol was registered at www.chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR1800017283, 21/07/2018)
A Graphene-Based THz Wave Duplexer and Filter: Switching via Gate Biasing
Authors: Khani AmirAli Mohammad 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This work introduces a Graphene-based multi-layer reconfigurable device as a wave duplexer in the THz frequency range. Adjusting transmitting and reflecting parts of incident waves alongside controlling absorption provides the interesting capability to select target waves in different frequencies. The proposed device includes periodic graphene patterns on both sides of silicon dioxide as substrate. Additionally, the patterns are biased differently compared to conventional patterns which makes it possible to achieve two distinct behaviors versus frequency. Exploiting equivalent circuit models (ECM) for graphene and dielectric, the whole device is modeled by passive RLC circuits. According to simulation results, the proposed device can transmit and reflect incident THz waves at desired frequencies in 0.1 THz to 30 THz which makes it an ideal candidate for manipulating THz waves in terms of transmission and reflection.
Patterns of Distant Metastases in Patients With Triple-Negative Breast Cancer –– A Population-Based Study
Authors: Gao Yang , Gu Kang , Bian Chuanzhen , Yan Ping , Zhao Yunian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Currently, the prognosis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients remained poor mainly due to resistance, recurrence, metastasis and severe side effects. The study provided systematic insights into the patterns of TNBC distant metastases (DM), as well as investigating the related elements for the prognosis prediction of TNBC patients on the basis of on large sample.
Methods
We screened eligible patients with triple-negative breast cancer from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 2010 and 2015. Besides, we analyzed differences in baseline characteristics among patients with diverse modes of metastasis. Meanwhile, we calculated proportional mortality ratio (PMR) and the expression of proportional trends in different patients. Subsequently, Kaplan-Meier (KM) analysis was employed to investigate the survival outcomes. Finally, the predictive and prognostic factors of DM were identified.
Results
In this study, we included 24,822 TNBC patients, including 1,026 DM patients and 23,796 non-DM patients. At the time of initial diagnosis, 4.1% of patients had DM, and 36.9% had multiple metastases. According to the study, the most common sites of metastasis in DM patients were bone (251 cases) and lung (244 cases), while the least common organ of metastasis was brain (37 cases). Age, tumor grade, T, N and marital status were deemed as risk elements of DM. T stage, insurance status, marital status, surgery treatment, chemotherapy, number of metastatic sites and metastatic sites also effect the diagnosis of DM significantly.
Conclusion
Our study showed that the most common site of metastasis in TNBC patients with DM was bone and the least common site was brain. Different modes of metastasis have different survival and prognostic characteristics. Thus, our research may have important implications for the clinical practice of TNBC patients in the future.
Advanced Optimization Models For Bandwidth Provisioning And Routing In Fixed Microwave Backhaul Networks
Authors: Mehadji Djamil , Kaddour Mejdi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper addresses the problem of determining bandwidth allocation and traffic routes in fixed microwave networks such that overall bandwidth cost is minimized while traffic demands are satisfied with a required reliability level. These networks exhibit high variability in link throughput as modulations schemes are adapted dynamically to ensure acceptable bit-error rate at the receivers according to external conditions such as the weather. First, we formulate an optimal optimization approach based on mixed-integer linear programming, which is subsequently reinforced by inserting problem-specific valid inequalities based on global network capacity and feasible bandwidth/modulation combinations. Then, we introduce a Lagrangian-based heuristic that provides near optimal solutions while reducing drastically the computation time. In comparison to previous work, our experimental results show that our approaches are capable to solve large real-world network instances in an effective manner. Furthermore, the results evaluate the impact of reliability and transported traffic demands on bandwidth cost.