bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of international research fellows in neurosurgery: results from a single academic center
Authors: Yang Wuyang , Rincon-Torroella Jordina , Feghali James , Khalafallah Adham M. , Ishida Wataru , Perdomo-Pantoja Alexander , Quiñones-Hinojosa Alfredo , Lim Michael , Gallia Gary L. , Riggins Gregory J. , Anderson William S. , Lo Sheng-Fu Larry , Rigamonti Daniele , Tamargo Rafael J. , Witham Timothy F. , Bydon Ali , Cohen Alan R. , Jallo George I. , Latremoliere Alban , Luciano Mark G. , Mukherjee Debraj , Olivi Alessandro , Qu Lintao , Gokaslan Ziya L. , Sciubba Daniel M. , Tyler Betty , Brem Henry , Huang Judy 
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVE
International research fellows have been historically involved in academic neurosurgery in the United States (US). To date, the contribution of international research fellows has been underreported. Herein, the authors aimed to quantify the academic output of international research fellows in the Department of Neurosurgery at The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.

METHODS
Research fellows with Doctor of Medicine (MD), Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), or MD/PhD degrees from a non-US institution who worked in the Hopkins Department of Neurosurgery for at least 6 months over the past decade (2010–2020) were included in this study. Publications produced during fellowship, number of citations, and journal impact factors (IFs) were analyzed using ANOVA. A survey was sent to collect information on personal background, demographics, and academic activities.

RESULTS
Sixty-four international research fellows were included, with 42 (65.6%) having MD degrees, 17 (26.6%) having PhD degrees, and 5 (7.8%) having MD/PhD degrees. During an average 27.9 months of fellowship, 460 publications were produced in 136 unique journals, with 8628 citations and a cumulative journal IF of 1665.73. There was no significant difference in total number of publications, first-author publications, and total citations per person among the different degree holders. Persons holding MD/PhDs had a higher number of citations per publication per person (p = 0.027), whereas those with MDs had higher total IFs per person (p = 0.048). Among the 43 (67.2%) survey responders, 34 (79.1%) had nonimmigrant visas at the start of the fellowship, 16 (37.2%) were self-paid or funded by their country of origin, and 35 (81.4%) had mentored at least one US medical student, nonmedical graduate student, or undergraduate student.

CONCLUSIONS
International research fellows at the authors’ institution have contributed significantly to academic neurosurgery. Although they have faced major challenges like maintaining nonimmigrant visas, negotiating cultural/language differences, and managing self-sustainability, their scientific productivity has been substantial. Additionally, the majority of fellows have provided reciprocal mentorship to US students.
Spring-mediated cranioplasty versus endoscopic strip craniectomy for sagittal craniosynostosis
Authors: Lang Shih-Shan , Meier Petra M. , Paden William Z. , Storm Phillip B. , Heuer Gregory G. , Bartlett Scott P. , Taylor Jesse A. , Swanson Jordan W. , Meara John G. , Proctor Mark , Okunowo Oluwatimilehin , Stricker Paul A. , _ _ 
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVE
Endoscopic strip craniectomy (ESC) and spring-mediated cranioplasty (SMC) are two minimally invasive techniques for treating sagittal craniosynostosis in early infancy. Data comparing the perioperative outcomes of these two techniques are sparse. Here, the authors hypothesized that outcomes would be similar between patients undergoing SMC and those undergoing ESC and conducted a study using the multicenter Pediatric Craniofacial Surgery Perioperative Registry (PCSPR).

METHODS
The PCSPR was queried for infants under the age of 6 months who had undergone SMC or ESC for sagittal synostosis. SMC patients were propensity score matched 1:2 with ESC patients on age and weight. Primary outcomes were transfusion-free hospital course, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, ICU length of stay (LOS), and hospital length of stay (HLOS). The authors also obtained data points regarding spring removal. Comparisons of outcomes between matched groups were performed with multivariable regression models.

RESULTS
The query returned data from 676 infants who had undergone procedures from June 2012 through September 2019, comprising 580 ESC infants from 32 centers and 96 SMC infants from 5 centers. Ninety-six SMC patients were matched to 192 ESC patients. There was no difference in transfusion-free hospital course between the two groups (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.78, 95% CI 0.45–1.35). SMC patients were more likely to be admitted to the ICU (aOR 7.50, 95% CI 3.75–14.99) and had longer ICU LOSs (incident rate ratio [IRR] 1.42, 95% CI 1.37–1.48) and HLOSs (IRR 1.28, 95% CI 1.17–1.39).

CONCLUSIONS
In this multicenter study of ESC and SMC, the authors found similar transfusion-free hospital courses; however, SMC infants had longer ICU LOSs and HLOSs. A trial comparing longer-term outcomes in SMC versus ESC would further define the roles of these two approaches in the management of sagittal craniosynostosis.
Marketing strategies for functional food products
Authors: Chen Stella , Martirosyan Danik 
Published: August 2021

Functional foods are experiencing a growing demand worldwide as consumers seek ways to take control of their health. Despite this growing demand, the lack of a standard definition for functional food for formal categorization and regulation results in many functional food products run into hurdles for consumer acceptance, as many people are not familiar with the concept, and scientific evidence that could increase legitimacy of these products is not widely available. Of the 15 steps the Functional Food Center has outlined for development of functional food products, marketing a product to educate people is closely related to consumer acceptance and is therefore an important step to study to increase success of functional food products. This review article will focus on recent studies that examine carrier/ingredient combinations, information channels, credibility, and consumer targeting and how they can impact consumer intent to purchase or accept functional foods. These studies build off hypotheses tested in pre-existing studies or bring in novel determinants to consider. Finally, advice on marketing based on the results in the included papers and from an industry expert will be discussed.Keywords: Functional Food Marketing, Carrier/Ingredient Combinations, Perceived Fit, Information Channels, Credibility, Consumer Targeting, Advertising, Consumer Acceptance, Purchase Intent
EFFECT OF CURCUMIN ON SIDE EFFECTS OF CHEMOTHERAPY AS ASSESSED BY COMPLETE BLOOD COUNTS, R.F.T., L.F.T. IN PATIENT OF HAEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES AND SOLID TUMOURS
Authors: Yadav Surendra , Saini Makkhan Lal , Gahlot Sangeeta 
Published: August 2021

Background: Effect of curcumin on side effects of chemotherapy as assessed by complete blood counts, R.F.T., L.F.T. in patient of haematological malignancies and solid tumours.
Methods: The study population consisted of male and female patients of Haematological Malignancies & patient of solid tumours (stage 3 & 4 lung, breast, head & neck, ovary Cancer) selected from patients attending medical, radiotherapy and Birla Cancer OPD and medical in-patient wards.
Results: Comparing of total leucocyte count, absolute neutrophil count and platelet count of group A1 and B1 at 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 weeks, there is no significant difference found. Comparing of total leucocyte count and platelet count of group A2 and B2 at 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24weeks, there is no significant difference found.
Conclusion: No dose-limiting toxicities were seen in group-A for curcumin. Derangement of liver function tests occurred in 1 (5%) patients from group-A1 and 2 (10 %) patients from group-B1. No renal toxicity was encountered in group-A1 and B1.
Keywords: Neutrophil, Leucocyte, Haemoglobin
ANALISIS KELAYAKAN USAHATANI PEMBIBITAN PALA (Myristica Fragrans Houtt) POLA SAMBUNG PUCUK DI KABUPATEN ACEH SELATAN
Authors: Muhammad Ismail  
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di provinsi Aceh dari bulan Oktober hingga Desember tahun 2018. Kabupaten Aceh Selatan dipilih sebagai lokasi penelitian karena merupakan salah satu sentra produksi pala selain Kabupaten Aceh Barat Daya. Tujuan penulisan untuk menganalisis kelayakan usahatani pembibitan pala pola sambung pucuk. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey terstruktur, observasi, dan wawancara langsung dengan responden menggunakan kuesioner. Data primer dikumpulkan dari enam orang penangkar, dan dua orang penentu kebijakan perkebunan di kabupaten Aceh Selatan. Sedangkan data sekunder dikumpulkan dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), Dinas Pertanian Provinsi dan Kabupaten, dan Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian. Kelayakan usahatani pembibitan pala pola sambung pucuk dihitung melalui metode analisis input-output untuk mendapatkan nilai Beneficial Cost Ratio (B/C Ratio), dan Break Event Point (BEP). Secara ekonomis nilai B/C ratio sebesar 1,32 menunjukkan usahatani pembibitan pala pola sambung pucuk menguntungkan dan layak dikembangkan, dengan nilai Titik Impas Harga bibit sebesar Rp 15.113,75 per batang dan sebanyak 345,46 unit pada Titik Impas Produk yang diusahakan oleh para penangkar
Molecular Subtypes of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on Immunosuppression Genes Using a Deep Learning Approach
Authors: Li Simin , Mai Zhaoyi , Gu Wenli , Ogbuehi Anthony Chukwunonso , Acharya Aneesha , Pelekos George , Ning Wanchen , Liu Xiangqiong , Deng Yupei , Li Hanluo , Lethaus Bernd , Savkovic Vuk , Zimmerer Rüdiger , Ziebolz Dirk , Schmalz Gerhard , Wang Hao , Xiao Hui , Zhao Jianjiang 
Published: August 2021

Background: The mechanisms through which immunosuppressed patients bear increased risk and worse survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are unclear. Here, we used deep learning to investigate the genetic mechanisms underlying immunosuppression in the survival of OSCC patients, especially from the aspect of various survival-related subtypes.Materials and methods: OSCC samples data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC), and OSCC-related genetic datasets with survival data in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Immunosuppression genes (ISGs) were obtained from the HisgAtlas and DisGeNET databases. Survival analyses were performed to identify the ISGs with significant prognostic values in OSCC. A deep learning (DL)-based model was established for robustly differentiating the survival subpopulations of OSCC samples. In order to understand the characteristics of the different survival-risk subtypes of OSCC samples, differential expression analysis and functional enrichment analysis were performed.Results: A total of 317 OSCC samples were divided into one inferring cohort (TCGA) and four confirmation cohorts (ICGC set, GSE41613, GSE42743, and GSE75538). Eleven ISGs (i.e., BGLAP, CALCA, CTLA4, CXCL8, FGFR3, HPRT1, IL22, ORMDL3, TLR3, SPHK1, and INHBB) showed prognostic value in OSCC. The DL-based model provided two optimal subgroups of TCGA-OSCC samples with significant differences (p = 4.91E-22) and good model fitness [concordance index (C-index) = 0.77]. The DL model was validated by using four external confirmation cohorts: ICGC cohort (n = 40, C-index = 0.39), GSE41613 dataset (n = 97, C-index = 0.86), GSE42743 dataset (n = 71, C-index = 0.87), and GSE75538 dataset (n = 14, C-index = 0.48). Importantly, subtype Sub1 demonstrated a lower probability of survival and thus a more aggressive nature compared with subtype Sub2. ISGs in subtype Sub1 were enriched in the tumor-infiltrating immune cells-related pathways and cancer progression-related pathways, while those in subtype Sub2 were enriched in the metabolism-related pathways.Conclusion: The two survival subtypes of OSCC identified by deep learning can benefit clinical practitioners to divide immunocompromised patients with oral cancer into two subpopulations and give them target drugs and thus might be helpful for improving the survival of these patients and providing novel therapeutic strategies in the precision medicine area.
Experimental Investigation of Self-Assembled Particles on Profile Control in the Fuyu Oilfield
Authors: Dong Lifei , Wang Miao , He Jie , Ding Mingchen , Lin Hun 
Published: August 2021

The particle system is one of the widely used profile control agents in many oilfields, and the matching relationship between the particle and the reservoir pore throat is significant for the profile control effect. In order to enhance oil recovery after water breakthrough in the Fuyu oilfield, a self-assembled particle with some branches on the surface, compounded by inverse emulsion polymerization and added, is introduced as the profile control agent in this paper. Then the permeabilities of the water channel and the oil remaining area in the Fuyu oilfield are achieved after the statistic analysis of 1,022 cores from the practical reservoir. Furthermore, the oil restarting pressure in the oil remaining area and the self-assembled particle plugging strength in the water channel are tested. Finally, the adaption of the self-assembled particle and effect of profile control in the Fuyu oilfield are evaluated by comparing the oil restarting pressure and the plugging strength. The results show that the self-assembled particles can be gathered together easily by the force of the ionic bond, which is good for water channel plugging. The permeability of the water channel in the Fuyu oilfield ranges from 1,000 mD to 1,500 mD. The oil restarting pressure increases with the decreasing of permeability, and the increasing rate grows rapidly when it drops below 50 mD. Comparing the oil restarting pressure with the plugging strength, a self-assembled particle with a diameter of 20–40 μm in the water channel with a permeability of 1,265.7 mD can provide sufficient plugging strength to restart the remaining oil in the oil remaining areas with a permeability over 3.38 mD. The matched window of the self-assembled particle is wider than a normal particle in the Fuyu oilfield.
Solvothermal-Based Lignin Fractionation From Corn Stover: Process Optimization and Product Characteristics
Authors: Khongchamnan Punjarat , Wanmolee Wanwitoo , Laosiripojana Navadol , Champreda Verawat , Suriyachai Nopparat , Kreetachat Torpong , Sakulthaew Chainarong , Chokejaroenrat Chanat , Imman Saksit 
Published: August 2021

Fractionation of lignocellulosic is a fundamental step in the production of value-added biobased products. This work proposes an initiative to efficiently extract lignin from the corn stover using a single-step solvothermal fractionation in the presence of an acid promoter (H2SO4). The organic solvent mixture used consists of ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water at a ratio of 30: 25:45 (v/v), respectively. H2SO4 was utilized as a promoter to improve the performance and selectivity of lignin removal from the solid phase and to increase the amount of recovered lignin in the organic phase. The optimal conditions for this extraction, based on response surface methodology (RSM), are a temperature of 180°C maintained for 49.1 min at an H2SO4 concentration of 0.08 M. The optimal conditions show an efficient reaction with 98.0% cellulose yield and 75.0% lignin removal corresponding to 72.9% lignin recovery. In addition, the extracted lignin fractions, chemical composition, and structural features were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, elemental analysis, and two-dimensional heteronuclear single quantum coherence nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (2D-HSQC NMR). The results indicate that the recovered lignin primarily contains a β-O-4 linking motif based on 2D-HSQC spectra. In addition, new C–C inter-unit linkages (i.e., β-β, and β-5) are not formed in the recovered lignin during H2SO4-catalyzed solvothermal pretreatment. This work facilitates effective valorization of lignin into value-added chemicals and fuels.
Genetic Characteristics and Transcriptional Regulation of Sodium Channel Related Genes in Chinese Patients With Brugada Syndrome
Authors: Zhang Ziguan , Chen Hongwei , Chen Wenbo , Zhang Zhenghao , Li Runjing , Xu Jiajia , Yang Cui , Chen Minwei , Liu Shixiao , Li Yanling , Wang TzungDau , Tu Xin , Huang Zhengrong 
Published: August 2021

Objective: To investigate the genetic characteristics and transcriptional regulation of the SCN5A gene of Brugada syndrome (BrS) patients in China.Methods: Using PubMed, Medline, China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI), and Wanfang Database, Chinese patients with BrS who underwent SCN5A gene testing were studied.Results: A total of 27 suitable studies involving Chinese BrS patients who underwent the SCN5A gene test were included. A total of 55 SCN5A gene mutations/variations were reported in Chinese BrS patients, including 10 from southern China and 45 from northern China. Mutations/variations of BrS patients from southern China mostly occurred in the regions of the α-subunit of Nav1.5, including DIII (Domain III), DIV, DIII-DIV, C-terminus regions, and the 3'UTR region. Furthermore, we analyzed the post-transcriptional modifications (PTMs) throughout the Nav1.5 protein encoded by SCN5A and found that the PTM changes happened in 72.7% of BrS patients from southern China and 26.7% from northern China.Conclusions: SCN5A mutations/variations of BrS patients in southern China mostly occurred in the DIII-DIV to C-terminus region and the 3'-UTR region of the SCN5A gene, different from northern China. PTM changes were consistent with the mutation/variation distribution of SCN5A, which might be involved in the regulation of the pathogenesis of BrS patients.
Paleoseismological Findings at a New Trench Indicate the 1714 M8.1 Earthquake Ruptured the Main Frontal Thrust Over all the Bhutan Himalaya
Authors: Zhao Yuqiu , Grujic Djordje , Baruah Santanu , Drukpa Dawchu , Elkadi Joanne , Hetényi György , King Georgina E. , Mildon Zoë K. , Nepal Nityam , Welte Caroline 
Published: August 2021

The 1714 Bhutan earthquake was one of the largest in the Himalaya in the last millennium. We show that the surface rupture caused by this earthquake extended further to the east than previously known, it was at least 175 km long, with slip exceeding 11 m at our study site. The age of the surface rupture was constrained by a combination of radiocarbon and traditional optically stimulated luminescence dating of affected river sediments. Computations using empirical scaling relationships, fitting historical observations and paleoseismic data, yielded a plausible magnitude of Mw 8.1 ± 0.4 and placed the hypocentre of the 1714 Bhutan earthquake on the flat segment of the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT), the basal décollement of the Himalayan orogen. Calculations of Coulomb stress transfer indicate that great earthquakes along the leading part of the MHT would cause surface rupture. In contrast, distal earthquakes may not immediately trigger surface rupture, although they would increase the stresses in the leading part of the MHT, facilitating future surface-rupturing earthquakes. Frontal earthquakes would also transfer stress into the modern foreland basin facilitating southward propagation of the MHT as a blind basal décollement. In conclusion, studies of surface-rupturing events alone likely underestimate the seismic slip along the Himalayan megathrust.
Modeling of Spherical Dust Particle Charging due to Ion Attachment
Authors: Mallios Sotirios A. , Papangelis Georgios , Hloupis George , Papaioannou Athanasios , Daskalopoulou Vasiliki , Amiridis Vassilis 
Published: August 2021

The attachment of positive and negative ions to settling spherical dust particles is studied. A novel 1D numerical model has been developed to parameterize the charging process in the presence of a large-scale electric field. The model is able to self-consistently calculate the modification of atmospheric ion densities in the presence of the dust particles, and the consequent alteration of the atmospheric electrical conductivity and the large-scale electric field. Moreover, the model estimates the acquired electrical charge on the dust particles and calculates the electrical force that is applied on them. Using observed dust size distributions, we find that the particles can acquire electrical charge in the range of 1–1,000 elementary charges depending on their size and number density. The particles become mainly negatively charged, but under specific conditions giant mode particles (larger than 50 μm radius) can be positive. Moreover, the large-scale electric field can increase up to 20 times as much as the fair weather value. However, our approach shows that the resultant electrical force is not enough to significantly influence their gravitational settling, as the ratio between the electrical force magnitude and the gravity magnitude does not exceed the value of 0.01. This indicates that the process of ion attachment alone is not sufficient to create strong electrical effects for the modification of particle dynamics. Therefore, other processes, such as the triboelectric effect and updrafts, must be included in the model to fully represent the impact of electricity on particle dynamics.
Decreased Sclerostin Secretion in Humans and Mice With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Zhou Fangli , Wang Yan , Li Yujue , Tang Mengjia , Wan Shan , Tian Haoming , Chen Xiang 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesGrowing evidence argues for a relationship between liver and bone metabolisms. Sclerostin is a secreted glycoprotein and could antagonize osteoblast-mediated bone formation. Previous studies indicated that circulating sclerostin levels may be associated with metabolic parameters with inconsistent results. This study was designed to evaluate serum sclerostin in patients with or without nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and to analyze its relationship with metabolic parameters in different populations.MethodsA cross-sectional study was designed and 168 NAFLD subjects and 85 control subjects were included in this study. Serum sclerostin and metabolic parameters were measured. Mouse models of NAFLD were also induced by high-fat diet. Bone structural parameters were determined using microCT and mRNA expression levels of sclerostin in bone and liver tissues were measured.ResultsOur study suggested that circulating sclerostin levels were significantly lower in NAFLD subjects compared with normal controls. In NAFLD subjects, sclerostin was negatively correlated with multiple metabolic parameters, including waist circumference, urea, hepatic enzyme, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and triglyceride, while such correlation was not significant in control subjects. Circulating sclerostin was also negatively correlated with fatty liver index in NAFLD subjects but not in control subjects. Mice fed on a high-fat diet had reduced bone mass and lower sclerostin expression levels in both the bone and liver tissues.ConclusionsOur study suggested that the liver-lipid-bone interactions may play a key role in the abnormal bone metabolism in NAFLD, and circulating sclerostin may be a surrogate marker to reflect bone metabolism status in NAFLD subjects.