bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Functional End Ranges of Lower Limb Joints in Positions Commonly Used for ADLs in India
Authors: Patel Niketa , Khatri Lavina Rajesh , Parmar Lata 
Published: July 2021

Background: In many countries of Asian continent, floor sitting is preferred instead of chair supported sitting. Indian population differs noticeably in its cultural practice and daily tasks which involves squatting and cross-legged sitting on the ground.
Aim: The purpose of the study was to assess the functional end-ranges of the hip, knee and ankle joints in healthy Indian subjects in positions commonly used for ADLs in India which includes squatting and cross-legged sitting.
Methods: 66 healthy subjects were recruited from rural and urban populations with age range 30-50 years. Joint ROM of the lower extremities was measured using Universal Goniometer. All the subjects were asked to acquire squat and cross legged positions which were graded.
Results: Our results finding showed that the subjects in cross leg sitting grade 2 (independent CLS) had hip flexion ranges ≥1150, hip abduction ≥ 410, hip external rotation ≥ 420, ankle plantar flexion ≥ 460, p<0.005. For squatting, grade 2 (independent squat) had hip flexion ranges ≥ 1130,p>0.005, Knee flexion ≥1200, p>0.005 and ankle dorsiflexion ≥150, p<0.005.
Conclusion: From the results, it is suggested that squatting and cross-leg sitting multiple times a day can prevent the early closer of end ranges of the lower limbs.
Uncertainty in population estimates: A meta‐analysis for petrels
Authors: Bird Jeremy P. , Woodworth Bradley K. , Fuller Richard A. , Shaw Justine D. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Population estimates are commonly generated and used in conservation science. All estimates carry inherent uncertainty, but little attention has been given to when and how this uncertainty limits their use. This requires an understanding of the specific purposes for which population estimates are intended, an assessment of the level of uncertainty each purpose can tolerate, and information on current uncertainty.

We conducted a review and meta‐analysis for a widespread group of seabirds, the petrels, to better understand how and why population estimates are being used. Globally petrels are highly threatened, and aspects of their ecology make them difficult to survey, introducing high levels of uncertainty into population estimates.

We found that by far the most common intended use of population estimates was to inform status and trend assessments, while less common uses were trialling methods to improve estimates and assessing threat impacts and conservation outcomes.

The mean coefficient of variation for published estimates was 0.17 (SD = 0.14), with no evidence that uncertainty has been reduced through time. As a consequence of this high uncertainty, when we simulated declines equivalent to thresholds commonly used to trigger management, only 5% of studies could detect significant differences between population estimates collected 10 years apart for populations declining at a rate of 30% over three generations.

Reporting of uncertainty was variable with no dispersion statistics reported with 38% of population estimates and most not reporting key underlying parameters: nest numbers/density and nest occupancy. We also found no correlation between uncertainty in petrel population estimates and either island size, body size or species threat status – potential predictors of uncertainty.

Key recommendations for managers are to be mindful of uncertainty in past population estimates if aiming to collect contemporary estimates for comparison, to report uncertainty clearly for new estimates, and to give careful consideration to whether a proposed estimate is likely to achieve the requisite level of certainty for the investment in its generation to be warranted. We recommend a practitioner‐based value of information assessment to confirm where there is value in reducing uncertainty.
Biomarkers in colorectal liver metastases: Rising complexity and unknown clinical significance?
Authors: Diener Markus K. , Fichtner‐Feigl Stefan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSurgical resection of the liver is the standard treatment for colorectal liver metastases, but 70% of patients still experience recurrence, resulting in limited survival. Molecular biomarkers promise guidance within the selection process of individualized treatment and provide better prognostic forecasting of recurrence and response to treatment. Presently, most investigated biomarkers include mutations of KRAS, BRAF, TP53, PIK3CA, APC, expression of Ki‐67, and microsatellite instability. As some colorectal cancer tumors exhibit more than one molecular target, in line with a rising number of potential biomarkers, the complexity of their clinical implementation is rising steadily. Therefore, it is important to approach new insights into molecular biomarkers with explicit caution to their clinical applicability and significance, as there are contradictory results arising from multiple available studies and meta‐analyses. This review helps to shed light on the complexity of promising biomarkers in both the prognosis and diagnosis of colorectal liver metastases.
Development of a Novel Bio‐based Redox Electrolyte using Pivalic Acid and Ascorbic Acid for the Activated Carbon‐based Supercapacitor Fabrication
Authors: Shakil Ragib , Shaikh M. Nasiruzzaman , Shah Syed Shaheen , Reaz Akter H. , Roy Chanchal Kumar , Chowdhury Al‐Nakib , Aziz Md. Abdul 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSupercapacitor is considered a promising energy storage device due to its high‐power density and high specific capacitance. Electrode materials and electrolytes are major components of supercapacitors. The most used electrolytes are not biocompatible, which limits their practical applications. Bio‐electrolytes often cause low performances of supercapacitors. However, the inadequate performances of bio‐electrolytes for supercapacitor applications could be improved using redox molecules. Here, we are reporting the development of a novel redox bio‐electrolyte based on pivalic acid (PA) and ascorbic acid (AA). The salts of PA and AA served as the bio‐electrolyte and redox molecules, respectively. It is worth to note that PA which can be generated from bio‐sources and industrial wastes, is soluble in alkaline solutions. AA is found in most living organisms, including plants. The developed supercapacitor with the bio‐based redox electrolyte provides a specific capacitance of 308 Fg−1 at a current density of 1 Ag−1 and achieved an energy density of 15 Whkg−1 at a power density of 300 Wkg−1. The supercapacitor demonstrates a good coulombic efficiency of ∼97% with capacitance retention of ∼72% after 10000 charge‐discharge cycles. This study is expected to widen the applications of bio‐based redox electrolytes for practical electrochemical energy storage applications and enables access to greener and more sustainable energy storage technology.
Homeotic change in segment identity derives the human vertebral formula from a chimpanzee‐like one
Authors: Williams Scott A. , Pilbeam David 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesOne of the most contentious issues in paleoanthropology is the nature of the last common ancestor of humans and our closest living relatives, chimpanzees and bonobos (panins). The numerical composition of the vertebral column has featured prominently, with multiple models predicting distinct patterns of evolution and contexts from which bipedalism evolved. Here, we study total numbers of vertebrae from a large sample of hominoids to quantify variation in and patterns of regional and total numbers of vertebrae in hominoids.Materials and MethodsWe compile and study a large sample (N = 893) of hominoid vertebral formulae (numbers of cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, caudal segments in each specimen) and analyze full vertebral formulae, total numbers of vertebrae, and super‐regional numbers of vertebrae: presacral (cervical, thoracic, lumbar) vertebrae and sacrococcygeal vertebrae. We quantify within‐ and between‐taxon variation using heterogeneity and similarity measures derived from population genetics.ResultsWe find that humans are most similar to African apes in total and super‐regional numbers of vertebrae. Additionally, our analyses demonstrate that selection for bipedalism reduced variation in numbers of vertebrae relative to other hominoids.DiscussionThe only proposed ancestral vertebral configuration for the last common ancestor of hominins and panins that is consistent with our results is the modal formula demonstrated by chimpanzees and bonobos (7 cervical‐13 thoracic‐4 lumbar‐6 sacral‐3 coccygeal). Hox gene expression boundaries suggest that a rostral shift in Hox10/Hox11‐mediated complexes could produce the human modal formula from the proposal ancestral and panin modal formula.
Effect of different surface treatments on polypropylene composites reinforced with yerba mate fibers: Physical, mechanical, chemical, and morphological properties
Authors: Borsoi Cleide , Hansen Betina , Gemmer Ruan Ezequiel , Dahlem Júnior Marcos Aurélio , Francisquetti Edson Luiz , Zattera Ademir José , Santana Ruth Marlene Campomanes , Catto André Luis 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study presents the preparation of post‐consumer polypropylene (r‐PP) composites filled with 30 wt% yerba mate (YM) stick particles. To improve the fiber–matrix adhesion, three surface treatments were performed: alkaline treatment with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and use of 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) and maleic anhydride graft polypropylene copolymer (PP‐g‐MA) as coupling agents. Mechanical properties including tensile, flexural, and impact resistance were determined, and chemical (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy [FTIR]), physical (water absorption), and morphological analyses were performed. The main findings show that the treatments were efficient in improving the mechanical properties of the composites, with emphasis on the r‐PP/YM30/APTS and r‐PP/YM30/PP‐g‐MA composites, which proved to be superior in tensile, flexion and impact strength and absorption of water compared to the untreated composite. The morphological analysis showed a better interaction between the fiber and the polymeric matrix for the composites with YM/APTS and YM/PP‐g‐MA, which corroborates the results of tensile and flexural strength, as well as with the spectra of FTIR in which the chemical modification of the fibers is observed. However, the results show that these treatments are promising in obtaining composites with recycled matrix with better properties.
Bipartite output regulation for singular heterogeneous multi‐agent systems on signed graph
Authors: Wu Jie , Deng Qun , Han Tao , Yan Huai‐Cheng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe paper primarily tends to handle bipartite output regulation problem for singular heterogeneous multi‐agent systems with signed graph. This disturbance and reference signals are produced by exosystem, respectively. By virtue of output regulation theory, two new distributed feedback controllers with state feedback and output feedback are considered to realize the bipartite output regulation, respectively. For each case, a distributed dynamical compensator is proposed, and stability analysis of the closed‐loop system is conducted without constructing the standard reduction transformation matrices. Furthermore, local state observer is incorporated into an output feedback controller, which is suitable when the system states cannot be available. Simulations are finally presented in demonstrating the feasibility of results.
QKI 6 ameliorates CIRI through promoting synthesis of triglyceride in neuron and inhibiting neuronal apoptosis associated with SIRT1‐PPARγ‐PGC‐1α axis
Authors: Liu Rui , Li Hongzeng , Deng Jingyuan , Wu Qunqiang , Liao Chunhua , Xiao Qun , Chang Qi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe stroke induced by ischemia of brain remains high incidence and death rate. The study wanted to confirm the effects of Quaking 6 (QKI 6) on the protection role in neurons of rat model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI).Material and methodsThe rat model with CIRI induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion was well established and rat neurons were isolated to characterize the effects of QKI 6 mediated by sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) on synthesis of triglyceride in neuron and neuronal apoptosis via activation of SIRT1‐peroxisome proliferater‐activated receptor (PPAR)γ‐ peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor coactivator (PGC)‐1α signaling pathway.ResultsThe expression levels of SIRT1 or QKI 6, and acetylation level of QKI 6 were decreased in neurons of rat model with CIRI. QKI 6 deacetylated and mediated by SIRT1 that contributed to suppressing the progression of neuronal apoptosis in rat through promoting synthesis of triglyceride in vivo and in vitro via SIRT1‐PPARγ‐PGC‐1α signaling pathway, then inhibiting CIRI.ConclusionsOur results demonstrated SIRT1 deacetylates QKI 6, the RNA‐binding protein, that affects significantly the synthesis of triglyceride in neurons of CIRI rat model. Moreover, it activated transcription factor peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptorγ coactivator‐1α (PGC‐1α) through post‐transcriptional regulation of the expression of PPARγ, and further enhanced synthesis of triglyceride, thereby restrained the progression of neural apoptosis and CIRI.
Expression of 5‐methylcytosine regulators is highly associated with the clinical phenotypes of prostate cancer and DNMTs expression predicts biochemical recurrence
Authors: Wang Lin , Ren Guoping , Lin Biaoyang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn patients with prostate cancer (PCa), there is a high rate of overdiagnosis and frequent overtreatment. Therefore, there is an urgent need for more accurate prediction of biochemical recurrence (BCR). DNA methylation regulation patterns play crucial roles in tumorigenicity, progression, and treatment efficacy in PCa. However, the global relationship between epigenetic alterations, changes in mRNA levels, and pathologic phenotypes of PCa remain largely undefined. Here, we conducted a systematic analysis to identify global coexpression and comethylation modules in PCa. We identified coregulated methylation and expression modules and the relationships between epigenetic modifications, tumor progression, and the corresponding immune microenvironment in PCa. Our results show that DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) are strongly associated with pathologic phenotypes and immune infiltration patterns in PCa. We built a two‐factor predictive model using the expression features of DNMT3B and DNMT1. The model was used to predict the BCR status of patients with PCa and achieved area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values of 0.70 and 0.88 in the training and independent testing datasets, respectively.
Acute papillary stone impaction: An ideal indication for upfront needle knife papillotomy (“needle knife excision”)
Authors: Zimmer Vincent 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNeedle knife papillotomy (NKP) is still considered a rescue technique after conventional access failure due to traditional high complication rates, albeit data are maturing for early use of NKP in standard endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography indications. By contrast, in certain settings NKP should be prioritized to a first‐class indication, such as in choledochocele management and/or, more often encountered in clinical practice, true papillary stone impaction with or without gallstone pancreatitis. The latter results in prompt stone release; thus, the procedure might become alternatively designated as “needle knife excision.”
A 7‐year‐old boy with toxic epidermal necrolysis, heart failure, and sepsis treated with the guidance of invasive hemodynamic monitoring: A case report
Authors: Saeed Amir , Mehdizadegan Nima 
Published: July 2021

AbstractToxic epidermal necrolysis is a rare immunological disease that is secondary to some medications or upper respiratory infections, with more than 30% involvement of skin and mucosa. Herein, we describe a 7‐year‐old boy with TEN, heart failure, and sepsis treated with the guidance of an invasive hemodynamic monitoring device.
Synthesis of Activated Carbon Using Bagasse and Recycled Carbon Fibers
Authors: Yamamoto Tetsuya , Makino Yuta , Irisawa Toshihira 
Published: July 2021

AbstractActivated carbon was prepared using bagasse and carbon fiber (RCF) recycled from carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP). The RCF surface has a sufficient amount of functional groups and can be used as a catalyst for the hydrolysis of bagasse cellulose. An RCF‐bagasse composite was fabricated by ultrasonic irradiation. During cellulose hydrolysis, carbon from the bagasse was activated with sulfuric acid, which impregnated the cellulose pores. When bagasse was subjected to high temperatures, the impregnated pores decomposed, resulting in micropores. The addition of RCF increased the specific surface area of activated carbon by up to 20 % when heat treatment was performed at a temperature higher than the carbonization temperature of bagasse.
Electrochemical Cleaning Stability and Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity of 1‐2 nm Dendrimer‐Encapsulated Au Nanoparticles
Authors: Strasser Juliette W. , Hersbach Thomas J. P. , Liu Jing , Lapp Aliya S. , Frenkel Anatoly I. , Crooks Richard M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHere we show that just three electrochemical scans to modest positive potentials result in substantial growth of 1–2 nm Au dendrimer‐encapsulated nanoparticles (DENs). We examined two sizes of Au DENs, denoted as G6‐NH2(Au147) and G6‐NH2(Au55), where G6‐NH2 represents a sixth‐generation, amine‐terminated, poly(amidoamine) dendrimer and the subscripts, 147 and 55, represent the average number of atoms in each size of DENs. Ex situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and in situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) results indicate that G6‐NH2(Au55) DENs grow to the same size as the G6‐NH2(Au147) DENs following these scans. Importantly, this growth occurs prior to the onset of detectable faradaic Au oxidation or reduction current. The observed growth in the size of the DENs directly correlates to changes in the electrocatalytic ORR activity. The key point is that after just three positive scans the G6‐NH2(Au147) and G6‐NH2(Au55) DENs are essentially indistinguishable in terms of both physical and electrocatalytic properties.
Recovery of High Purity Chlorine by Cu‐Doped Fe2O3 in Nitrogen Containing Carbon Matrix: A Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for HCl Electrolysis
Authors: Gupta Divyani , Kafle Alankar , Chaturvedi Akansha , Nagaiah Tharamani C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn environmentally benign approach towards synthesis of a non‐noble metal and/or metal oxide doped incorporated in nitrogen containing carbon matrix (Cu−Fe2O3/NC) is premeditated in this study. In‐situ incorporation of Cu, Fe2O3 as well as nitrogen into the carbon matrix using a single gel precursor simplified the synthetic route and divulged bifunctional activity assisting chlorine evolution at anode and oxygen reduction reaction at cathodic counterpart during HCl electrolysis. As a result of synergy between Cu and Fe2O3 in N‐ doped carbon matrix, enhanced activity and stability is stimulated. Catalyst optimization was executed by varying the weight percentage of metal reactants added during precursor synthesis (2, 5 and 10 wt. %), which rendered different composition of Cu, Fe2O3 and N in the composite with flake‐like morphology at same thermal treatment conditions. Electrochemical studies were performed in 0.4 M HCl analogous to industrial waste HCl, to investigate the bifunctional activity of catalyst where Cu−Fe2O3 (5 %)/NC came out to be the most active and exhibited long term stability for 24 hours at onset potential of chlorine evolution. It offered a higher current density of 92.1 mA cm−2 at 1.7 V vs. RHE during chlorine evolution and comparable activity to that of benchmark noble metal based catalyst along with more positive onset potential and high diffusion limiting current density of 0.78 V vs. RHE and 6 mA cm−2 during oxygen reduction respectively.
Promotion and Tuning of the Electrochemical Reduction of Hetero‐ and Homobimetallic Zinc Complexes
Authors: Kelsey Shaun R. , Kumar Amit , Oliver Allen G. , Day Victor W. , Blakemore James D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is the group of Prof. James Blakemore from the University of Kansas. The photo above shows co‐authors Amit Kumar, Victor Day, Shaun Kelsey, and James Blakemore in the back row. Co‐author Allen Oliver is not pictured, but undergraduate Claire Dopp is also shown in the photo—she recently joined the research team working on heterobimetallic chemistry in Prof. Blakemore's group. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/celc.202100358.
Controlling Antibacterial Activity Exclusively with Visible Light: Introducing a Tetra‐ortho‐Chloro‐Azobenzene Amino Acid
Authors: Just‐Baringo Xavier , Yeste‐Vázquez Alejandro , Moreno‐Morales Javier , Ballesté‐Delpierre Clara , Vila Jordi , Giralt Ernest 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe introduction of a novel tetra‐ortho‐chloroazobenzene amino acid (CEBA) has enabled photoswitching of the antimicrobial activity of tyrocidine A analogues by using exclusively visible light, granting spatiotemporal control under benign conditions. Compounds bearing this photoswitchable amino acid become active upon irradiation with red light, but quickly turn‐off upon exposure to other visible light wavelengths. Critically, sunlight quickly triggers isomerisation of the red light‐activated compounds into their original trans form, offering an ideal platform for self‐deactivation upon release into the environment. Linear analogues of tyrocidine A were found to provide the best photocontrol of their antimicrobial activity, leading to compounds active against Acinetobacter baumannii upon isomerisation. Exploration of their N‐ and C‐termini has provided insights into key elements of their structure and has allowed obtaining new antimicrobials displaying excellent strain selectivity and photocontrol.
PROTOCOL: The effects of empowerment‐based nutrition interventions on the nutritional status of women of reproductive age in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Riddle Alison , Ramage Abby , Kroeger Cynthia M. , Bhutta Zulfiqar A. , Kristjansson Elizabeth , Taljaard Monica , Vlassoff Carol , Wuehler Sara , Skidmore Becky , Bennett Alexandria L. , Rizvi Anita , Welch Vivian , Wells George A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe systematic review will answer the follow research questions: (1) What is the effectiveness of different empowerment approaches employed within nutrition interventions on the nutritional status of women of reproductive age in low‐ and middle‐income countries? (2) What implementation and contextual factors contribute to or detract from the effectiveness of these interventions?
PROTOCOL: Effectiveness of interventions for improving livelihood outcomes for people with disabilities in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A systematic review
Authors: Hunt Xanthe , Saran Ashrita , Banks Lena Morgon , White Howard , Kuper Hannah 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe objectives of this review are to answer the following research questions: (1) What is the effect size of the effectiveness of interventions to improve livelihood outcomes for people with disabilities in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), and what is the quality of the evidence base? (2) What works to improve livelihood outcomes for people with disabilities in LMICs? (3) Which interventions appear most effective for different categories of disability? (4) What are the barriers and facilitators to the improvement of livelihood outcomes to people with disabilities?