bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of deep‐time palaeoclimate on the sedimentary records and morphology of lacustrine shoal‐water deltas, Upper Eocene Dongying Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, China
Authors: Qin Yi , Zhu Xiaomin , Zhu Shifa , McElroy Brandon 
Published: May 2021

AbstractShoal‐water deltaic systems are predominant during the deposition of the second member of the Eocene Shahejie Formation (Es2) in the Dongying Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, China, and their presence is ascribed to low slopes, shallow water bodies and extremely slow tectonic subsidence. Integrated analyses of sedimentological, seismic geomorphological, palaeohydraulic, palynological and element‐geochemical data reveal the influence of palaeoclimate on the morphology and depositional processes of distributary networks in shoal‐water deltaic strata. Two contrasting palaeoclimatic stages were identified based on palynological and geochemical evidence, namely the earlier warm and humid climatic stage, and the later arid climatic stage. Compared with the earlier humid stage, the arid stage features much more abundant xerophytic species (Labiatae and Ephedra) as well as much higher Mg/Ca, Sr/Ba, and Th/U ratios and B content, indicating extensive evaporation. A third‐order sequence stratigraphic unit was recognized, consisting of a transgressive systems tract with landward stepping parasequence sets, a poorly developed highstand systems tract, and a falling stage systems tract with basinward stepping parasequence sets, which were products of the humid and arid climatic stages, respectively. A series of distributary channel complexes exhibiting reticular patterns was identified in the strata corresponding to the humid climatic stage, with amalgamated, multi‐storey distributary channel sandbodies showing a sinuosity range of 1.1 to 1.3. In contrast, the strata corresponding to the arid climatic stage are dominantly composed of distributary channel systems exhibiting dendritic forms, with prevalent single‐storey channel fills and a low sinuosity range of 1.0 to 1.2. The dendritic system is more stable than the reticular counterpart due to the effects of frequent incision and limited vertical aggradation. Typical modern shoal‐water deltas formed in different climatic conditions (i.e. Poyang Lake delta and Neales River delta) serve as analogues to the proposed conceptual depositional models of distributary networks related to palaeoclimate.
Skin moisture assessment using Hydration Sensor Patches coupled with smartphones via Near Field Communication (NFC). A pilot study with the first generation of patches that allow self‐recordings of skin hydration
Authors: Flament Frederic , Galliano Anthony , Abric Aurelie , Matoschitz Christoph‐Manuel , Bammer Manfred , Kampus Miha , Kanda‐Diwidi Diego , Chibout Salim , Cassier Matthieu , Delaunay Caroline 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the potency of a new skin hydration sensor patch in the fast self‐recording of skin hydration.Material and methodsThe Skin Hydration Sensor Patch (SHSP) turns the user's smartphone into a wireless skin moisture measuring device. The SHSP combines a capacitive measurement unit and Near Field Communication technology (NFC) for transmitting data and energy. The probe is fixed onto the back of the smartphone and pressed to the skin for a few seconds where the application immediately calculates the capacitance value. Once recorded, the probe is then immediately taken off from the skin. In a first study, this system was compared to the Corneometer® technique, in vivo, on various skin sites of 23 healthy French women. In a second study, 20 women with moderate dry skin on face and forearm self‐recorded, through the SHSP the changes in skin hydration induced by a Xanthan gel containing 3% (w/w) of Glycerol, along 24 hours.A questionnaire based on 5 types of questions was established to be filled by subjects about their perception of the use of this new system.ResultsIn the first study, the values recorded by the SHSP were found highly correlated with those provided by the Corneometer®. The second study allowed to observe significant differences in skin hydration of both sites at all times, as compared to values obtained before the application of the gel. Differences between both sites were observed, the face being less hydrated than forearm. From a practical aspect, the self‐recordings on the face show a higher variability (approx. 10% than those of the forearm). The questionnaire led to positive answers on almost all points.ConclusionThis SHSP appears as a promising approach in the field of connected skin‐related devices. As such, it opens or enlarges a new paradigm in the relationships between a consumer and a cosmetic product.
Evaluation of subclinical chronic sun damage in the skin via the detection of long‐lasting ultraweak photon emission
Authors: Gabe Yu , Takeda Katsuya , Tobiishi Megumi , Kikuchi Sho , Tsuda Koki , Haryuu Yasushi , Nakajima Yoko , Inomata Yukio , Nakamura Shun , Murase Daiki , Tokunaga Shinichi , Miyaki Masahiro , Takahashi Yoshito 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundIt is well known that solar radiation accelerates skin photoaging. To evaluate subclinical photodamage in the skin especially from the early phase of ultraviolet (UV)‐induced damage, we have focused on ultraweak photon emission (UPE), also called biophotons. Our previous study reported that the amount of long‐lasting UPE induced by UV, predominantly from lipid peroxidation, is a valuable indicator to assess cutaneous photodamage even at a suberythemal dose, although it was only applied to evaluate acute UV damage. The aim of this study was to further investigate whether long‐lasting UPE could also be a useful marker to assess subclinical chronic sun damage in the course of skin photoaging.Materials and MethodsForty‐three Japanese females in their 20s were recruited and were divided into two groups according to their history of sun exposure based on a questionnaire (high‐ and low‐sun‐exposure groups). Several skin properties on the cheek and outer forearm were measured in addition to UV‐induced UPE.ResultsAmong the skin properties measured, water content, average skin roughness, and the lateral packing of lipids in the stratum corneum were significantly deteriorated in the high‐sun‐exposure group as were changes in some skin photoaging scores such as pigmented spots and wrinkles. In addition, those skin properties were correlated with the UPE signals, suggesting the possible impact of oxidative stress on chronic skin damage.ConclusionSubtle oxidative stress detected by long‐lasting UPE may contribute to subclinical cutaneous damage at the beginning phase of chronic sun exposure, which potentially enhances skin photoaging over a lifetime.
Impact of human leukocyte antigen compatibility on outcomes of living donor liver transplantation: Experience from a tertiary care center
Authors: Mittal Siddharth , Sinha Piyush , Sarin Shashwat , Rastogi Archana , Gupta Ekta , Bajpai Meenu , Pamecha Viniyendra , Trehanpati Nirupma 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe role of HLA compatibility in kidney, heart, and stem cell transplantation is well known, but with regard to living donor liver transplantation (LDLT), there is a different scenario. In the present study, we aim to examine the effects of donor‐recipient HLA mismatches at A, B, and DR loci on various outcomes of LDLT‐like graft survival, early allograft dysfunction (EAD), acute rejection, length of hospital (LOH) stay, sepsis, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation.MethodsThis is a retrospective single center study of a cohort of adult patients who underwent first time ABO‐compatible (ABOc) LDLT between January 2010 and December 2018. Transplants with incomplete records or without HLA typing data were excluded. Donor‐recipient HLA‐A, B, and DR mismatches were assessed in the host versus graft (HVG) direction and were correlated with various post‐transplant outcomes.ResultsAmong 140 transplants being evaluated, approximately two third had total HLA mismatches between 2 and 3. HLA mismatches at each locus as well as cumulative HLA mismatches did not show any association with overall graft survival, EAD, acute rejection episodes, and LOH stay. However, the presence of minimum one mismatch at HLA‐A and DR loci was associated with the development of CMV reactivation (P = .03) and sepsis (P = .02) post‐LDLT respectively.ConclusionHLA mismatch is not associated with acute rejection, early graft dysfunction, and overall survival in LDLT. Its impact on CMV reactivation and sepsis needs further evaluation.
Translating a Theory of Active Learning: An Attempt to Close the Research‐Practice Gap in Education
Authors: Chi Michelene T. H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDespite decades of research related to teaching and learning, the findings have made little impact on classroom teaching and learning. This paper briefly describes the four existing methods to close this gap, with more extensive analyses of the limitations of one of the four methods, which is to consolidate and distill robust laboratory findings reported over the past decades and attempt to translate them for classroom practice. An alternative method is proposed, which is to translate a theory of how students learn, calledInteractive, Constructive, Active, Passive(ICAP), so that teachers and practitioners can translate their understanding of such a theory into practice themselves, thereby giving teachers autonomy, flexibility, generalizability, and ownership of their own designed interventions based on ICAP. The paper proposes that in order to close the research‐practice gap, a multi‐step empirical translation research framework is needed.
Finite Element Model of Equal Channel Angular Extrusion of Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene
Authors: Vasylevskyi Kostiantyn , Tsukrov Igor , Miroshnichenko Kateryna , Buklovskyi Stanislav , Grover Hannah , Van Citters Douglas 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) used in biomedical applications, e.g., as a bearing surface in total joint arthroplasty, has to possess superior tribological properties, high mechanical strength, and toughness. Recently, equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) was proposed as a processing method to introduce large shear strains to achieve higher molecular entanglement and superior mechanical properties of this material. Finite element analysis (FEA) can be utilized to evaluate the influence of important manufacturing parameters such as the extrusion rate, temperature, geometry of the die, back pressure, and friction effects. In this paper, we present efficient FEA models of ECAE for UHMWPE. Our studies demonstrate that the choice of the constitutive model is extremely important for the accuracy of numerical modeling predictions. Three considered material models (J2-Plasticity, Bergstrom-Boyce, and the three-network model) predict different extrusion loads, deformed shapes, and accumulated shear strain distributions. The work has also shown that the friction coefficient significantly influences the punch force and that the two-dimensional (2D) plane strain assumption can become inaccurate in the presence of friction between the billet and the extrusion channel. Additionally, a sharp corner in the die can lead to the formation of the so-called “dead zone” due to a portion of the material lodging into the corner and separating from the billet. Our study shows that the presence of this material in the corner substantially affects the extrusion force and the resulting distribution of accumulated shear strain within the billet.
Multifidelity Data Fusion Based on Gradient-Enhanced Surrogate Modeling Method
Authors: Li Kunpeng , Liu Yin , Wang Shuo , Song Xueguan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A multifidelity surrogate (MFS) model is a data fusion method for the enhanced prediction of less intensively sampled primary variables of interest (i.e., high-fidelity (HF) samples) with the assistance of intensively sampled auxiliary variables (i.e., low-fidelity (LF) samples). In this article, an MFS model based on the gradient-enhanced radial basis function, termed gradient-enhanced multifidelity surrogate based on the radial basis function (GEMFS-RBF), is proposed to establish a mapping relationship between HF and LF samples. To identify the scaling factor and the undetermined coefficients in GEMFS-RBF, an expanded correlation matrix is constructed by considering the correlations between the acquired samples, the correlations between the gradients, and the correlations between the samples and their corresponding gradients. To evaluate the prediction accuracy of the GEMFS-RBF model, it is compared with the co-Kriging model, multifidelity surrogate based on the radial basis function (MFS-RBF) model, and two single-fidelity surrogate models. The influences of key factors (i.e., the correlations between the HF and LF functions, the subordinations between the sample sets) and the effect of the cost ratio on the performance of GEMFS-RBF are also investigated. It is observed that GEMFS-RBF presents a more acceptable accuracy rate and is less sensitive to the aforementioned factors than the other benchmark models in most cases in this article, which illustrates the practicability and robustness of the proposed GEMFS-RBF model.
Training Distribution During a Paralympic Cycle for a Multiple Swimming Champion With Paraplegia: A Case Report
Authors: Baumgart Julia Kathrin , Tønnessen Espen , Eklund Morten , Sandbakk Øyvind 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To describe the training volume, intensity distribution, and use of swimming styles during a Paralympic cycle in a multiple swimming champion with paraplegia. Methods: The female Paralympic swimmer was 23–26 years of age and had a body mass of 60 to 62 kg and a body height of 174 cm. She has a spinal cord injury at the Th6 level, competed in the S5/SB4 Para swimming classes, and uses a wheelchair for mobility. Training time, as well as distance in the different intensity zones and swimming styles, was registered with the “workouts for swim coaches” software throughout a full Paralympic cycle. Results: The Para swimmer performed a total of 388, 524, 471, and 656 annual hours of swimming, corresponding to 1126, 1504, 1463, and 1993 km, in the 2012–13, 2013–14, 2014–15, and 2015–16 seasons, respectively. In addition, she performed 1 to 3 weekly dry-land strength sessions and 4 to 6 weekly dry-land basic skill sessions. She conducted 91% to 94% of the swimming distance in each macrocycle at low intensity, 2% to 4% at moderate intensity, and 3% to 6% at high intensity. She performed 78% to 84% of the swimming distance in each macrocycle in the freestyle swimming technique and the remaining 16% to 22% in the backstroke, breaststroke, and butterfly techniques. Conclusion: This case study exemplifies how a female Paralympic swimmer with paraplegia progressed her training in the seasons leading up to the Paralympic Games, reaching an annual training distance of 2000 km, which is similar to that of able-bodied swimmers.
The Sweeping-out of Dust by Radiation Pressure of Stars and Chemical Composition Peculiarities of Disc Galaxies
Authors: Sivkova E. E. , Wiebe D. S. , Shustov B. M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract—
We consider the drift of dust grains of various sizes and chemical compositions caused by the stellar radiation pressure in the vicinity of the Milky Way. When integrating the equations of motion, in addition to the radiation pressure, we consider the gravitational attraction from various components of the Galaxy and the gas drag. It has been shown that carbonaceous grains of medium sizes (~0.01 μm) are swept out of the galactic disc most effectively. Smaller dust grains are swept out to a substantially lesser extent, or they are not swept out at all. We also consider the motion of silicate dust grains, including those with porous structure. It has been shown that silicate grains experience a considerably weaker impact of the radiation pressure. The simulation result of their motion does not essentially depend on whether their porosity is accounted for or ignored. The total rate of the Galaxy’s dust loss has turned out to be high—approximately 0.03 M⊙ per year, which is comparable to the effect produced by the other mechanisms ejecting heavy elements to the circumgalactic space. We discuss the potential of the sweeping of dust out of the Galaxy in formation of the radial metallicity gradient, as well as the prospects of detecting extensive dust structures in elliptical galaxies.
Mean Square Geodesic Deviation in the Zeldovich Problem on Light Propagation in a Universe with Inhomogeneities
Authors: Sokoloff D. D. , Chikina A. A. , Illarionov E. A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In 1964, Ya.B. Zeldovich formulated the problem of light propagation in the Universe under the influence of inhomogeneities. It is reduced to describing the divergence of two close geodesics in a Riemannian space and is described by the geodesic deviation equation (Jacobi equation) with the curvature along the geodesic line varying randomly. Assuming the curvature to be constant on segments of small but finite length, the problem is reduced to studying the product of random matrices and makes it possible to apply the appropriate well-developed mathematical theory, which, however, did not allow calculating the mean-square growth rate of the geodesic deviation. In our paper, we propose a way to solve this problem by introducing a bilinear quantity, one component of which coincides with the square of the Jacobi field. The system of first-order differential equations for the bilinear quantity is explicitly written out, and the solution, same as the growth rate, is again expressed through the product of matrices. Such a technique can be used in the study of a wide range of problems and is naturally generalized to higher-order moments.
Improving timeliness of hepatitis B vaccine administration in an urban safety net level III NICU
Authors: Hayashi Madoka , Grover Theresa R , Small Steve , Staples Tessa , Roosevelt Genie 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo avoid preventable consequences of perinatal hepatitis B infection, all infants should be given hepatitis B vaccine (HBV) within 24 hours of birth if birth weight is ≥2 kg and at 30 days of life or at discharge if <2 kg, to provide highest seroprotection rates while ensuring universal vaccination prior to discharge. We aimed to achieve timely HBV administration in >80% of eligible infants in both birthweight groups and decrease infants discharged home without receiving HBV to <1% over an 18-month period and sustain results for an additional 15 months.MethodsData were collected from June 2016 to May 2020 in a level III neonatal intensive care unit. A multidisciplinary team identified barriers and interventions through Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles from September 2017 to February 2019: using pharmacists as champions, overcoming legal barriers, staff education and best practice alerts (BPAs) embedded in electronic health records. Statistical process control (SPC) p charts were used to evaluate the primary outcome measure, monthly percentage of infants receiving timely HBV administration stratified by birthweight categories (≥2 and <2 kg). For infants receiving HBV outside the time frame, absolute difference of timeliness was calculated.ResultsMean timely HBV administration improved from 45% to 95% (≥2 kg) and from 45% to 85% (<2 kg) with special cause variation in SPC charts. Infants discharged without receiving HBV decreased from 4.6% to 0.22%. Of those given HBV outside the recommended time frame, median absolute time between recommended and actual administration time decreased significantly: from 3.5 days (IQR 1.6, 8.6) to 0.3 day (IQR 0.1, 0.8) (p<0.001) in ≥2 kg group and from 6 days (IQR 1, 15) to 1 day (IQR 1, 6.5) (p=0.009) in <2 kg group.ConclusionsUsing a multidisciplinary approach, we significantly improved and sustained timely HBV administration and nearly eliminated infants discharged home without receiving HBV. Pharmacists as champions and BPAs were critical to our success.
Caffeinated energy drinks in the Canadian context: health risk assessment with a focus on cardiovascular effects
Authors: La Vieille Sébastien , Gillespie Zoe , Bonvalot Yvette , Benkhedda Karima , Grinberg Nancy , Rotstein Joel , Barber Jennifer , Krahn Andrew D. 
Published: May 2021

In Canada, caffeinated energy drinks (CEDs) currently sold under Temporary Marketing Authorizations must meet strict eligibility criteria. These criteria, which include compositional and labelling requirements, were developed based on the outcome of a health risk assessment conducted by Health Canada (HC) in 2013. HC updated its assessment by reviewing new information with the focus on potential cardiovascular effects associated with the consumption of CEDs available for sale in Canada. Due to limited data on CED consumption among Canadians to derive accurate exposure information, the composition of a typical CED was characterized to assess the potential effects of single ingredients and synergistic interactions between ingredients on the cardiovascular system. Surveillance data on potential adverse effects related to CED consumption was also analyzed. After extensive review, HC’s updated assessment confirms the current risk management approach for CEDs is health protective for Canadian consumers, including the potential for cardiovascular effects. The available evidence supports that moderate consumption (up to 500 mL per day) of a typical CED authorized for sale in Canada is safe for the general population of healthy adults and adolescents. It also re-confirms that vulnerable sub-populations (i.e., children, pregnant and/or breastfeeding women, and caffeine-sensitive individuals) should not consume CEDs. Novelty: Consumption up to 500 mL per day of a typical CED is not associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular effects. Children, pregnant and/or breastfeeding women, and caffeine-sensitive individuals should not consume CEDs.
Refining the use of oxygen consumption as a proxy corrosion rate measure for archaeological and historic iron
Authors: Emmerson N. J. , Seifert J. H. , Watkinson D. E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSince its introduction to the field of heritage science, oxygen consumption has found multiple applications in the assessment of artefact stability and the examination of conservation treatment efficiencies. Early papers identified various factors affecting oxygen measurements and produced preliminary data on their effects. This paper follows on from the early research by other workers and presents guidance on the application of oxygen consumption as a proxy corrosion rate measurement based on a decade of experience at Cardiff University. It examines the rationale for key aspects of the Cardiff protocols for oxygen consumption and presents data to underpin these. Finally, it provides instructional guidance for heritage scientists adopting oxygen consumption for their research applications.