bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Verbal Working Memory Error Patterns and Speech-Language Outcomes in Youth With Cochlear Implants
Authors: Romano Daniel R. , Kronenberger William G. , Henning Shirley C. , Montgomery Caitlin J. , Ditmars Allison M. , Johnson Courtney A. , Bozell Hannah D. , Yates Adeline D. , Pisoni David B. 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:Verbal working memory (VWM) delays are commonly found in prelingually deaf youth with cochlear implants (CIs), albeit with considerable interindividual variability. However, little is known about the neurocognitive information-processing mechanisms underlying these delays and how these mechanisms relate to spoken language outcomes. The goal of this study was to use error analysis of the letter–number sequencing (LNS) task to test the hypothesis that VWM delays in CI users are due, in part, to fragile, underspecified phonological representations in short-term memory.Method:Fifty-one CI users aged 7–22 years and 53 normal hearing (NH) peers completed a battery of speech, language, and neurocognitive tests. LNS raw scores and error profiles were compared between samples, and a hierarchical regression model was used to test for associations with measures of speech, language, and hearing.Results:Youth with CIs scored lower on the LNS test than NH peers and committed a significantly higher number of errors involving phonological confusions (recalling an incorrect letter/digit in place of a phonologically similar one). More phonological errors were associated with poorer performance on measures of nonword repetition and following spoken directions but not with hearing quality.Conclusions:Study findings support the hypothesis that poorer VWM in deaf children with CIs is due, in part, to fragile, underspecified phonological representations in short-term/working memory, which underlie spoken language delays. Programs aimed at strengthening phonological representations may improve VWM and spoken language outcomes in CI users.
Study of A Thermal Energy Storage System Using the Lattice Boltzmann Method
Authors: El Mhamdi Oussama , Addakiri Soumia , Semma ElAlami , El Alami Mustapha 
Published: November 2021

Thermal energy storage (TES) systems are much preferred in many engineering applications, which have the ability to overcome the mismatch between energy supply and energy demand. TES can be used to store thermo-chemical, sensible, or latent heat or a combination of these. Among the three forms, latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) has grown considerably in importance over recent years as a promising alternative to traditional systems. These systems use phase change materials (PCM), in simple or cascade configuration, and store the latent heat of	melting (charging process) and release it during solidification (discharging process).
Among different configurations of LHTES systems, tube and shell heat exchangers represent a promising and simple design in high temperature PCM. In this paper, we present a new numerical study involving a tube and shell heat exchanger to evaluate the heat storage phenomena. A case study and numerical results are provided using the Lattice Boltzmann Method.
Endosonografische Drainage der Gallenblase wegen akuter Cholezystitis bei Patienten mit hohem Operationsrisiko
Authors: Zachäus Markus , Bartels Michael , Flade Andreas , Schubert-Hartmann Andreas , Lamberts Regina , Sepehri-Shamloo Alireza , Halm Ulrich Paul 
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Standardtherapie der akuten Cholezystitis ist die laparoskopische Cholezystektomie. Bei Patienten mit hohem Operationsrisiko kommen alternative Verfahren zur
Anwendung. Die perkutane Drainage ist allgemein verfügbar. Die alternative transpapilläre Drainage der Gallenblase über den Ductus cysticus hat nur begrenzte Erfolgsaussichten. Mit der
weiten Verbreitung der interventionellen Endosonografie und der Entwicklung neuer Stentsysteme hat sich die endosonografische Gallenblasendrainage als sicheres und zuverlässiges Verfahren
erwiesen.
Material und Methode Wir berichten retrospektiv über unsere Erfahrungen mit der endosonografischen Gallenblasendrainage an 11 konsekutiven Patienten bei akuter Cholezystitis zwischen
Dezember 2018 und Januar 2021.
Ergebnisse Es wird über 11 Patienten mit akuter Cholezystitis mit einem mittleren Lebensalter von 84,5 Jahren (70–95 Jahre) berichtet. Bei allen Patienten lagen schwere allgemeine
Begleitkrankheiten oder fortgeschrittene abdominelle Tumoren beziehungsweise die Kombination beider Konditionen vor. Nach interdisziplinärer Beratung wurde die Indikation zur
interventionellen Therapie gestellt. Diese wurde in 9 Fällen mittels alleiniger endosonografischer Drainage und in 2 Fällen mittels perkutaner und zweizeitiger endosonografischer Drainage
durchgeführt. Technischer Erfolg wurde bei 10 Fällen (91%), klinischer Erfolg bei 9 Fällen (82%) erzielt. Es gab in 2 Fällen prozedurenbezogene Komplikationen, die zur Operation führten.
Schlussfolgerung Im Falle hoher Operationsrisiken stellt die endosonografische Drainage der Gallenblase eine sichere und definitive Therapie dar. Diese kann allein oder in
Kombination mit einer perkutanen Drainage erfolgen. Die endosonografische Drainage ist der alleinigen perkutanen Drainage durch geringere Komplikationsraten und niedrigere Raten notwendiger
Folgeeingriffe überlegen. Daher sollte in Fällen eines inadäquat hohen Operationsrisikos die endosonografische Drainage der Gallenblase der perkutanen vorgezogen worden, vor allem, wenn eine
definitive Therapie erforderlich ist.
Indium(III)-Catalyzed Synthesis of Primary Carbamates and N-Substituted Ureas
Authors: Malik Payal , Jain Isha 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAn indium triflate-catalyzed synthesis of primary carbamates from alcohols and urea as an ecofriendly carbonyl source has been developed. Various linear, branched, and cyclic alcohols were converted into the corresponding carbamates in good to excellent yields. This method also provided access to N-substituted ureas by carbamoylation of amines. All the products were obtained by simple filtration or crystallization, without the need for chromatographic purification. Mechanistic investigations suggest that the carbamoylation reaction proceeds through activation of urea by O-coordination with indium, followed by nucleophilic attack by the alcohol or amine on the carbonyl center of urea. The inexpensive and easily available starting materials and catalyst, the short reaction times, and the ease of product isolation highlight the inherent practicality of the developed method.
Influência da hipovitaminose D na ocorrência das fraturas
Authors: Valle Cleandro Augusto Ribeiro do , Pedri Luiz Alfredo Furtado , Pires Guilherme Bigonha , Blanco Mariella Soares , Paula Bruna Soares , Araújo Carlos Delano Mundim 
Published: November 2021

Resumo
Objetivo Dosar a vitamina D nos pacientes internados por fratura e avaliar sua relação com as fraturas.
Métodos Realizou-se estudo primário, analítico, transversal, não intervencional, observacional, controlado, em seres humanos. Fez-se a dosagem sérica de: vitamina D, paratormônio(PTH), cálcio, fósforo, magnésio e albumina em 49 pacientes que foram internados consecutivamente para cirurgia devido a fratura(s) (grupo de estudo), e em 50 pacientes, dos diversos ambulatórios, sem fraturas, e que realizaram exames de rotina (grupo de controle).
Resultados A média de 25-hidroxivitamina D (25[OH]D) nos pacientes com fraturas foi de 23,78 ±  8,01 ng/mL (61,22% dos pacientes com fraturas apresentaram hipovitaminose D). A média de 25(OH)D do grupo de controle foi de 37,52 ±  9,21 ng/mL (10% dos pacientes apresentaram hipovitaminose D). A maioria dos casos de hipovitaminose (96%) não cursou com hiperparatireoidismo secundário (média do PTH = 41,80 ±  22,75 pg/mL).
Conclusão A hipovitaminose D foi encontrada em um percentual expressivo (61,22%) dos pacientes que sofreram fraturas. Mais estudos sobre o assunto são necessários para se compreender melhor a influência da hipovitaminose D na ocorrência das fraturas e os benefícios da suplementação com vitamina D nesses pacientes.
Variações baseadas em gênero no movimento e na força isométrica do tronco em jovens adultos com dor lombar: Um estudo de caso-controle prospectivo
Authors: Jain Shikha , Shetty Gautam , Munje Pratiksha , Bhan Anita , Linjhara Sanya , Ram CS 
Published: November 2021

Resumo
Objetivo Determinar as variações na amplitude de movimento (ADM) do tronco e na força isométrica do tronco (FIT) em jovens adultos sintomáticos e assintomáticos baseadas no gênero dos indivíduos.
Métodos Neste estudo caso-controle prospectivo, 73 indivíduos com dor lombar (DL) e 80 indivíduos assintomáticos foram analisados. As medidas de ADM do tronco e FIT de extensão, flexão e rotação foram comparadas em ambos os grupos e em subgrupos organizados por gênero. A análise multivariada foi usada para determinar os fatores que influenciam a ADM do tronco e a FIT.
Resultados Indivíduos do sexo masculino sintomáticos tiveram ADM de extensão e FIT de extensão, flexão e rotação significativamente menor (p < 0,0001) em comparação com indivíduos do sexo masculino assintomáticos, enquanto nenhuma diferença significativa foi encontrada entre indivíduos do sexo feminino assintomáticos e sintomáticos. No entanto, as relações médias da ADM de extensão-flexão e de FIT de extensão-flexão em indivíduos do sexo feminino foram significativamente menores (p = 0,04) em indivíduos do sexo feminino assintomáticos em comparação com indivíduos do sexo feminino sintomáticos. O sexo feminino foi significativamente associado com menor FIT de extensão e flexão em indivíduos de ambos os grupos assintomáticos e sintomáticos.
Conclusão Indivíduos do sexo masculino com DL apresentaram significativa fraqueza global relacionada à FIT quando comparados com indivíduos do sexo masculino assintomáticos. Apesar de não haver diferença significativa de FIT em indivíduos do sexo feminino sintomáticos versus assintomáticos, a DL impactou a ADM e a FIT de extensão-flexão em indivíduos do sexo feminino. Essas variações de ADM do tronco e FIT baseadas no sexo, especialmente o desequilíbrio extensor-flexor de força isométrica em indivíduos do sexo feminino, devem ser consideradas ao projetar-se protocolos de tratamento de reabilitação para lombalgia.
Fatores prognósticos da cirurgia de Latarjet
Authors: Vilela José Carlos Souza , Franco Nicolas , Campos Gustavo , Deligne Lucas de Melo , Machado Thalles Leandro Abreu 
Published: November 2021

Resumo
Objetivo Investigar os fatores que influenciam os resultados funcionais dos pacientes submetidos ao procedimento de Latarjet.
Métodos Avaliação de 26 pacientes submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico, seguindo a técnica de Latarjet, devido a luxação anterior recidivante traumática da articulação glenoumeral, com perda óssea glenoidal maior do que 20% e/ou lesão off-track. O tempo mínimo de seguimento foi de doze meses. Foram avaliadas as seguintes escalas: Escala Visual Analógica (EVA), The Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI), e Subjective Shoulder Value (SSV), além dos dados objetivos dos participantes.
Resultados A maioria dos pacientes (84,62%) não apresentou recidiva de luxação, e 92,31% ficaram satisfeitos. Em relação à análise funcional, a pontuação do componente físico (PCF) e a pontuação do compenente mental (PCM) encontradas estavam dentro da média de qualidade de vida da população. Os sintomas físicos, pela escala WOSI, apresentaram a melhor porcentagem (8,5%), ao passo que o pior resultado foi observado com relação ao estilo de vida (20%). Na EVA, a dor foi classificada como moderada (3/10) por 15,38% dos pacientes (4/26). Em relação aos esportes, os pacientes que praticavam alguma atividade esportiva apresentaram melhora nos parâmetros da escala SSV, que tiveram relação inversa com o número de recidivas. Observou-se ainda que, quanto menor foi o tempo entre a primeira luxação e a realização da cirurgia, maior foi a satisfação do paciente.
Conclusão A indicação precoce do tratamento cirúrgico da instabilidade anterior glenoumeral pode proporcionar melhores resultados funcionais subjetivos ao paciente.
Fixação externa do anel de Ilizarov para fraturas complexas do platô tibial
Authors: Ghimire Anil , Devkota Pramod , Bhandari Kailash Kumar , Kharel Yubaraj , Pradhan Saju 
Published: November 2021

Resumo
Objetivo Analisar os resultados clínicos, radiológicos e funcionais da fratura do planalto tibial (Schatzker Tipo V, VI) tratada com fixador externo do anel Illizarov com ou sem abertura mínima.
Métodos Um total de 52 fraturas do planalto tibial dos tipos V e VI foram tratadas com fixador externo do anel Ilizarov com ou sem fixação interna mínima. A avaliação do desfecho funcional foi feita utilizando-se o escore da American Knee Society (AKS, na sigla em inglês) com consolidação clínica, radiológica e complicações encontradas.
Resultados Foram 37 (71,15%) pacientes do sexo masculino e 15 (28,84%) do sexo feminino, com idade média de 39,07 ± 12,58 anos. Acidentes de trânsito (ATs) foram a principal causa das fraturas, contabilizando 32 casos (61,53%), seguidos por lesão por queda, com 16 casos (30,76%), e impacto direto, com 4 casos (7,69%). Foram 21 (40,38%) casos de fraturas tipo V, 31 (59,61%) casos do tipo VI e 24 (46,15%) casos de fratura exposta. Os escores médios da AKS para as fraturas tipo V e VI foram de 82,8 e 80,70, respectivamente, mas não foi estatisticamente significativo em p <0,05. O escore médio da AKS para fraturas fechadas e abertas também não foi estatisticamente significativo em p <0,05.
Conclusões Para a fratura do planalto tibial complexa dos tipos V e VI de Schatzker, a fixação externa de Ilizarov é um método de tratamento seguro, econômico e eficiente que resulta em resultados satisfatórios.
Electronic Medication Management Systems: Analysis of Enhancements to Reduce Errors and Improve Workflow
Authors: Kinlay Madaline , Ho Lai Mun Rebecca , Zheng Wu Yi , Burke Rosemary , Juraskova Ilona , Moles Rebekah , Baysari Melissa 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background Electronic medication management (eMM) has been shown to reduce medication errors; however, new safety risks have also been introduced that are associated with system use. No research has specifically examined the changes made to eMM systems to mitigate these risks.
Objectives To (1) identify system-related medication errors or workflow blocks that were the target of eMM system updates, including the types of medications involved, and (2) describe and classify the system enhancements made to target these risks.
Methods In this retrospective qualitative study, documents detailing updates made from November 2014 to December 2019 to an eMM system were reviewed. Medication-related updates were classified according to “rationale for changes” and “changes made to the system.”
Results One hundred and seventeen updates, totaling 147 individual changes, were made to the eMM system over the 4-year period. The most frequent reasons for changes being made to the eMM were to prevent medication errors (24% of reasons), optimize workflow (22%), and support “work as done” on paper (16%). The most frequent changes made to the eMM were options added to lists (14% of all changes), extra information made available on the screen (8%), and the wording or phrasing of text modified (8%). Approximately a third of the updates (37%) related to high-risk medications. The reasons for system changes appeared to vary over time, as eMM functionality and use expanded.
Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first study to systematically review and categorize system updates made to overcome new safety risks associated with eMM use. Optimization of eMM is an ongoing process, which changes over time as users become more familiar with the system and use is expanded to more sites. Continuous monitoring of the system is necessary to detect areas for improvement and capitalize on the benefits an electronic system can provide.
Critical Period After Stroke Study (CPASS): A phase II clinical trial testing an optimal time for motor recovery after stroke in humans
Authors: Dromerick Alexander W. , Geed Shashwati , Barth Jessica , Brady Kathaleen , Giannetti Margot L. , Mitchell Abigail , Edwardson Matthew A. , Tan Ming T. , Zhou Yizhao , Newport Elissa L. , Edwards Dorothy F. 
Published: November 2021

Significance
Restoration of postinjury brain function is a signal neuroscience challenge. Animal models of stroke recovery demonstrate time-limited windows of heightened motor recovery, similar to developmental neuroplasticity. However, no equivalent windows have been demonstrated in humans. We report a randomized controlled trial applying essential elements of animal motor training paradigms to humans, to determine the existence of an analogous sensitive period in adults. We found a similar sensitive or optimal period 60 to 90 d after stroke, with lesser effects ≤30 d and no effect 6 mo or later after stroke. These findings prospectively demonstrated the existence of a sensitive period in adult humans. We urge the provision of more intensive motor rehabilitation within 60 to 90 d after stroke onset.
Altered synaptic connectivity and brain function in mice lacking microglial adapter protein Iba1
Authors: Lituma Pablo J. , Woo Evan , O’Hara Bruce F. , Castillo Pablo E. , Sibinga Nicholas E. S. , Nandi Sayan 
Published: November 2021

Significance
Abnormal microglia–neuron interaction is increasingly implicated in neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric conditions, such as autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia, as well as in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease. This study demonstrates that the deletion of the microglia-specific protein Iba1, which has long been utilized as a selective microglial marker but whose role has remained unidentified, results in microglial structural and functional impairments that significantly impact synaptic development and behavior. These findings not only highlight the importance of microglia in brain function but may also suggest that modifying the microglial function could provide a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative disorders.
Doing animal welfare transdisciplinary research with stakeholders: advantages, pitfalls and hands-on solutions.
Authors: Buning Tjard de Cock , Benard Marianne 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

This chapter provides an example of how an animal welfare project can move from monodisciplinary to transdisciplinary research, and the potential hurdles that can occur in this process. It provides suggestions on how to set up interdisciplinary projects and how communication within such teams can be made more effective.
Human-centred research approaches to improve animal welfare: survey design and stakeholder involvement.
Authors: Carroll Grace A. , Groarke Jenny M. , Graham-Wisener Lisa 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

This chapter provides a starting point for conducting high-quality, rigorous research in animal welfare science by focusing on human-centred research approaches that can be used to improve animal welfare, with emphasis on concepts, techniques and pitfalls in relation to survey design and stakeholder development.
Deflection of charged massive particles by a four-dimensional charged Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet black hole
Authors: Li Zonghai , Duan Yujie , Jia Junji 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Based on the Jacobi metric method, this paper studies the deflection of a charged massive particle by a novel four-dimensional charged Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet black hole. We focus on the weak field approximation and consider the deflection angle with finite distance effects. To this end, we use a geometric and topological method, which is to apply the Gauss–Bonnet theorem to the Jacobi space to calculate the deflection angle. We find that the deflection angle contains a pure gravitational contribution δ
g, a pure electrostatic δ
c and a gravitational–electrostatic coupling term δ
gc. We find that the deflection angle increases (decreases) if the Gauss–Bonnet coupling constant α is negative (positive). Furthermore, the effects of the BH charge, the particle charge-to-mass ratio and the particle velocity on the deflection angle are analyzed.
Geometrization of light bending and its application to SdS

w

spacetime
Authors: Zhang Zhen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The mysterious dark energy remains one of the greatest puzzles of modern science. Current detections for it are mostly indirect. The spacetime effects of dark energy can be locally described by the SdS
w
metric. Understanding these local effects exactly is an essential step toward the direct probe of dark energy. From first principles, we prove that dark energy can exert a repulsive dark force on astrophysical scales, different from the Newtonian attraction of both visible and dark matter. One way of measuring local effects of dark energy is through the gravitational deflection of light. We geometrize the bending of light in any curved static spacetime. First of all, we define a generalized deflection angle, referred to as the Gaussian deflection angle, in a mathematically strict and conceptually clean way. Basing on the Gauss–Bonnet theorem, we then prove that the Gaussian deflection angle is equivalent to the surface integral of the Gaussian curvature over a chosen lensing patch. As an application of the geometrization, we study the problem of whether dark energy affects the bending of light and provide a strict solution to this problem in the SdS
w
spacetime. According to this solution, we propose a method to overcome the difficulty of measuring local dark energy effects. Exactly speaking, we find that the lensing effect of dark energy can be enhanced by 14 orders of magnitude when properly choosing the lensing patch in certain cases. It means that we can probe the existence and nature of dark energy directly in our Solar System. This points to an exciting direction to help unraveling the great mystery of dark energy.
Factorization method with one plane wave: from model-driven and data-driven perspectives
Authors: Ma Guanqiu , Hu Guanghui 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The factorization method provides a necessary and sufficient condition for characterizing the shape and position of an unknown scatterer by using far-field patterns of infinitely many time-harmonic plane waves at a fixed frequency (which are also called the multistatic data response matrix). This paper is concerned with the factorization method with a single far-field pattern to recover an arbitrary convex polygonal scatterer/source. Its one-wave version relies on the absence of analytical continuation of the scattered/radiated wave-fields in corner domains. It can be regarded as a domain-defined sampling method and does not require forward solvers. In this paper we provide a rigorous mathematical justification of the one-wave factorization method and present some preliminary numerical examples. In particular, the proposed method can be interpreted as a model-driven and data-driven imaging scheme, and it shows how to incorporate a priori knowledge about the unknown target into the test scatterers for the purpose of detecting obstacles/sources with specific features.