bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-time monitoring of rhizosphere nitrate fluctuations under crops following defoliation
Authors: Capstaff Nicola M. , Domoney Claire , Miller Anthony J. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Management regime can hugely influence the efficiency of crop production but measuring real-time below-ground responses is difficult. The combination of fertiliser application and mowing or grazing may have a major impact on roots and on the soil nutrient profile and leaching.

Results
A novel approach was developed using low-cost ion-selective sensors to track nitrate (NO3−) movement through soil column profiles sown with the forage crops, Lolium perenne and Medicago sativa. Applications of fertiliser, defoliation of crops and intercropping of the grass and the legume were tested. Sensor measurements were compared with conventional testing of lysimeter and leachate samples. There was little leaching of NO3− through soil profiles with current management practices, as monitored by both methods. After defoliation, the measurements detected a striking increase in soil NO3− in the middle of the column where the greatest density of roots was found. This phenomenon was not detected when no NO3− was applied, and when there was no defoliation, or during intercropping with Medicago.

Conclusion
Mowing or grazing may increase rhizodeposition of carbon that stimulates soil mineralization to release NO3− that is acquired by roots without leaching from the profile. The soil columns and sensors provided a dynamic insight into rhizosphere responses to changes in above-ground management practices.
Risk factors for femoral fracture in lateral decubitus direct anterior approach total hip arthroplasty using conventional stems: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Sun Guanjun , Yin Yi , Ye Yongjie , Li Qingshan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective
To provide guidelines for surgery and reduce the incidence of fracture, this study analyzed the relationship between femoral fracture and related factors in direct anterior approach (DAA) total hip arthroplasty (THA) in the lateral decubitus position.

Method
A retrospective series of 273 consecutive patients who underwent THA with the DAA in the lateral decubitus position was analyzed. Each surgery was performed by the same surgeon with a conventional operation bed and femoral stem. The correlations between the incidence of fracture and sex, age, body mass index (BMI), height, osteoporosis, the anterior superior iliac spine-greater trochanter distance (ASIS-GTD), and hip joint disease were analyzed by univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis.

Results
Among all hip arthroplasty procedures, 35 hips had femoral fractures, including 30 greater trochanter fractures, 4 proximal femoral splits, and 1 femoral perforation. The incidence of fracture was 12.82%. Univariate analysis showed no significant difference in the incidence of fracture by sex, BMI, or age. However, osteoporosis caused an increase in the incidence of fracture, while the incidence of fracture decreased as height and the ASIS-GTD increased. The incidence of femoral neck fracture was lower in cases of osteonecrosis of the femoral head than in cases of other diseases. Logistic regression showed a significant correlation between osteoporosis, the ASIS-GTD, and fractures. Patients with osteoporosis had a high possibility of fracture (OR = 2.414); the possibility of fracture decreased with increasing ASIS-GTD (OR = 0.938).

Conclusion
Lateral decubitus DAA THA can be successfully performed using a conventional operation bed and stem, effectively saving medical resources. Osteoporosis and a shorter ASIS-GTD were independent risk factors for femoral fracture.
The influence of near-field fluxes on seasonal carbon dioxide enhancements: results from the Indianapolis Flux Experiment (INFLUX)
Authors: Miles Natasha L. , Davis Kenneth J. , Richardson Scott J. , Lauvaux Thomas , Martins Douglas K. , Deng A. J. , Balashov Nikolay , Gurney Kevin R. , Liang Jianming , Roest Geoff , Wang Jonathan A. , Turnbull Jocelyn C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundNetworks of tower-based CO2 mole fraction sensors have been deployed by various groups in and around cities across the world to quantify anthropogenic CO2emissions from metropolitan areas. A critical aspect in these approaches is the separation of atmospheric signatures from distant sources and sinks (i.e., the background) from local emissions and biogenic fluxes. We examined CO2enhancements compared to forested and agricultural background towers in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, as a function of season and compared them to modeled results, as a part of the Indianapolis Flux (INFLUX) project.ResultsAt the INFLUX urban tower sites, daytime growing season enhancement on a monthly timescale was up to 4.3–6.5 ppm, 2.6 times as large as those in the dormant season, on average. The enhancement differed significantly depending on choice of background and time of year, being 2.8 ppm higher in June and 1.8 ppm lower in August using a forested background tower compared to an agricultural background tower. A prediction based on land cover and observed CO2fluxes showed that differences in phenology and drawdown intensities drove measured differences in enhancements. Forward modelled CO2enhancements using fossil fuel and biogenic fluxes indicated growing season model-data mismatch of 1.1 ± 1.7 ppm for the agricultural background and 2.1 ± 0.5 ppm for the forested background, corresponding to 25–29% of the modelled CO2enhancements. The model-data total CO2mismatch during the dormant season was low, − 0.1 ± 0.5 ppm.ConclusionsBecause growing season biogenic fluxes at the background towers are large, the urban enhancements must be disentangled from the biogenic signal, and growing season increases in CO2enhancement could be misinterpreted as increased anthropogenic fluxes if the background ecosystem CO2drawdown is not considered. The magnitude and timing of enhancements depend on the land cover type and net fluxes surrounding each background tower, so a simple box model is not appropriate for interpretation of these data. Quantification of the seasonality and magnitude of the biological fluxes in the study region using high-resolution and detailed biogenic models is necessary for the interpretation of tower-based urban CO2networks for cities with significant vegetation.
The relationship between quality of life and coping strategies of children with EB and their parents
Authors: Mauritz Petra J. , Bolling Marieke , Duipmans José C. , Hagedoorn Mariët 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a group of rare genetic skin disorders that primarily manifest as blisters and erosions following mild mechanical trauma. Despite the crucial role of the parents of children with EB in managing the disease, studies focusing on the parent–child relationship remain a gap in the literature. To address this gap, the current quantitative study, involving 55 children with all types of EB and 48 parents, assessed the relationship between their quality of life and coping strategies. Quality of life was measured with the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory and TNO-AZL Questionnaire for Adult’s Health- related Quality of Life, and coping strategies were assessed with the Coping with a Disease Questionnaire. The majority of the analyses were descriptive and the results were interpreted qualitatively because of the small sample size.

Results
Overall, the quality of life of children with EB and that of their parents was somewhat lower compared with the quality of life of healthy children and adults. Children with EB who more frequently used emotional reactions and cognitive-palliative strategies to cope with the disease demonstrated lower levels of emotional and social functioning, while children who showed more acceptance and distancing showed higher levels of functioning on all domains. Parents who frequently demonstrated emotional reactions reported lower levels of social functioning and experienced more depressive emotions and anger. Parents who used more avoidance showed higher levels of positive emotions. Within parent–child dyads, acceptance, cognitive-palliative strategies and distancing were positively related. Children’s emotional and social functioning were negatively associated with their parents’ depressive emotions. Parents’ acceptance was linked to higher physical functioning in children, whereas children’s avoidance was linked to a lower level of anger in parents.

Conclusion
Children who are able to accept the disease or distance themselves from it appear to be better off in contrast to those who tend to engage in the cognitive-palliative strategies and expressing emotional reactions. Parents seem to be better off when they are able to use avoidance in contrast to those who tend to show emotional reactions. Further research is needed to substantiate these findings.
Quantitative assessment of left ventricular longitudinal function and myocardial deformation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients
Authors: Panovský Roman , Pešl Martin , Máchal Jan , Holeček Tomáš , Feitová Věra , Juříková Lenka , Masárová Lucia , Pešlová Eva , Opatřil Lukáš , Mojica-Pisciotti Mary Luz , Kincl Vladimír 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) manifests in males mainly by skeletal muscle impairment, but also by cardiac dysfunction. The assessment of the early phases of cardiac involvement using echocardiography is often very difficult to perform in these patients. The aim of the study was to use cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) strain analysis and mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE) in the detection of early left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in DMD patients.

Methods and results
In total, 51 male DMD patients and 18 matched controls were examined by CMR. MAPSE measurement and functional analysis using feature tracking (FT) were performed. Three groups of patients were evaluated: A/ patients with LGE and LV EF < 50% (n = 8), B/ patients with LGE and LVEF ≥ 50% (n = 13), and C/ patients without LGE and LVEF ≥ 50% (n = 30). MAPSE and global LV strains of the 3 DMD groups were compared to controls (n = 18).

Groups A and B had significantly reduced values of MAPSE, global longitudinal strain (GLS), global circumferential strain (GCS), and global radial strain (GRS) in comparison to controls (p < 0.05). The values of MAPSE (11.6 ± 1.9 v 13.7 ± 2.7 mm) and GCS (− 26.2 ± 4.2 v − 30.0 ± 5.1%) were significantly reduced in group C compared to the controls (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
DMD patients had decreased LV systolic function measured by MAPSE and global LV strain even in the case of normal LV EF and the absence of LGE. FT and MAPSE measurement provide sensitive assessment of early cardiac involvement in DMD patients.
Initial predictors for short-term prognosis in anti-melanoma differentiation-associated protein-5 positive patients
Authors: Yang Qihua , Li Tianfang , Zhang Xin , Lyu Kunlong , Wu Shujun , Chen Yan , Liu Shengyun , Yu Zujiang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Anti-melanoma differentiation-associated protein-5 (anti-MDA5) positive patients are characterized by the high mortality rate caused by interstitial lung disease (ILD). We conducted a retrospective study to summarize the clinical features and identify the initial predictors for death in anti-MDA5 positive patients.

Methods
We designed a retrospective cohort of anti-MDA5 positive patients. The demographic and clinical data recorded on first admission, as well as the outcomes during the first six months follow-up, were collected. Predictors of rapidly progressive ILD (RPILD) and poor outcomes were calculated using logistic regression models and Cox proportional hazard regression models, respectively.

Results
A total of 90 anti-MDA5 positive patients were included in this study. Eighty-one (90%) patients presented ILD on admission and 35 (38.9%) patients developed RPILD subsequently. During the first six months of follow-up, 22 (24.4%) patients died of respiratory failure at an average time of 6.6 ± 5.9 weeks. Factors including disease duration < 2 months (OR 6.1, 95% CI 1.7–22.4, P = 0.007), serum ferritin ≥ 1500 ng/ml (OR 12.3, 95% CI 3.1–49.6, P < 0.001), CRP ≥ 13 mg/L (OR 4.6, 95% CI 1.3–16.9, P = 0.021) and total GGO score ≥ 4 (OR 6.3, 95% CI 1.8–21.9, P = 0.003), were identified as independent predictors for RPILD. Cox regression model showed that total CT GGO score ≥ 4 (HR 4.8, 95% CI 1.3–17.9, P = 0.020), KL-6 > 1600 U/ml (HR 3.7, 95% CI 1.5–9.1, P = 0.004) and CRP > 5.8 mg/L (HR 3.7, 95% CI 1.0–12.8, P = 0.044) were poor prognostic risk factors, however initial combined treatment (HR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1–0.8, P = 0.019) predicted good prognosis in anti-MDA5 positive patients.

Conclusion
Anti-MDA5 positive patients demonstrated a high prevalence of ILD on admission, leading to a high short-term mortality rate. Higher total GGO score, higher levels of initial KL-6 and CRP predict poor outcome in anti-MDA5 positive patients. However, initial intensive treatment may improve the prognosis.
High clinical heterogeneity in a Chinese pedigree of retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy and systemic manifestations (RVCL-S)
Authors: Xie Nina , Sun Qiying , Yang Jinxia , Zhou Yangjie , Xu Hongwei , Zhou Lin , Zhou Yafang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Being a newly defined disease, RVCL-S is underrecognized by clinicians globally. It is an autosomal dominantly inherited small vessel disease caused by the heterozygous C-terminal frameshift mutation in TREX1 gene. RVCL-S is featured by cerebral dysfunction, retinopathy, and vasculopathy in multiple internal organs. Misdiagnosis may cause devastating consequences in patients, such as iatrogenic PML caused by misuse of immunosuppressants. Thus, increasing awareness of this disease is in urgent need.

Results
We uncovered a large Chinese origin RVCL-S pedigree bearing the TREX1 mutation. A comprehensive characterization combining clinical, genetic, and neuropathological analysis was performed. The Intrafamilial comparison showed highly heterogeneous clinical phenotypes. Mutation carriers in our pedigree presented with retinopathy (8/13), seizures (2/13), increased intracranial pressure (1/13), mild cognitive impairment (3/13), stroke-like episode (3/13), mesenteric ischemia (1/13), nephropathy (9/13), ascites (3/13), hypertension (9/13), hyperlipidemia (3/8), hypoalbuminemia (3/8), normocytic anemia (3/8), subclinical hypothyroidism (1/8), hyperfibrinogenemia (1/8), hyperparathyroidism (2/8), and abnormal inflammatory markers (4/8). The constellation of symptoms is highly varied, making RVCL-S a challenging diagnosis. Comparison with reported RVCL-S pedigrees further revealed that the mesenteric ischemia is a novel clinical finding and the MRS pattern of brain lesions is emulating neoplasm and tumefactive demyelination.

Conclusion
Our reports characterize a highly heterogeneous RVCL-S pedigree, highlight the probability of misdiagnosis in clinical practice, and broaden the clinical spectrum of RVCL-S.
A new method for individual condylar osteotomy and repositioning guides used in patients with severe deformity secondary to condylar osteochondroma
Authors: Qi Lei , Cao Ningning , Ge Weiwen , Jiang Tengfei , Fan Linfeng , Zhang Lei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundMandibular condylar osteochondroma (OC) could lead to facial morphologic and functional disturbances, such as facial asymmetry, malocclusion, and temporomandibular joint dysfunction. However, after condylar OC resection, the inaccurate reposition of the neocondyle still needs to be solved. The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility of the condylar osteotomy and repositioning guide to reposition the neocondyle in the treatment of patients with severe deformity secondary to condylar OC.ResultsThree patients with severe deformity secondary to OC of the mandibular condyle were enrolled in this study. With the aid of condylar osteotomy and repositioning guide, condylar OC resection and repositioning were carried out, and the accuracy and stability of these guides were evaluated. All patients healed uneventfully, and no facial nerve injury and condylar ankylosis occurred. Compared with the computerized tomography scans in centric relation before surgery and 3 days after surgery, the results showed that the facial symmetry was greatly improved in all the patients. Also, after the superimposition of the condylar segments before surgery and 3 days after surgery, the postoperative reconstructed condyles had a high degree of similarity to the reconstruction of the virtual surgical planning. Observed from the sagittal and coronal directions, the measurements of condylar positions were very close to those of virtual surgical planning. Moreover, it also showed stable results after a 1-year follow-up.ConclusionsFor patients with severe deformity secondary to condylar OC, condylar osteotomy, and repositioning guide was expected to provide a new option for the improvement of facial symmetry and occlusal relationship.
Infiltrating immune cells in benign breast disease and risk of subsequent invasive breast cancer
Authors: Rohan Thomas E. , Arthur Rhonda , Wang Yihong , Weinmann Sheila , Ginsberg Mindy , Loi Sherene , Salgado Roberto 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
It is well established that tumors are antigenic and can induce an immune response by the host, entailing lymphocytic infiltration of the tumor and surrounding stroma. The extent and composition of the immune response to the tumor, assessed through evaluation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte counts, has been shown in many studies to have prognostic and predictive value for invasive breast cancer, but currently, there is little evidence regarding the association between infiltrating immune cell counts (IICCs) in women with benign breast disease (BBD) and risk of subsequent invasive breast cancer.

Methods
Using a cohort of 15,395 women biopsied for BBD at Kaiser Permanente Northwest, we conducted a nested case-control study in which cases were women who developed a subsequent invasive breast cancer during follow-up and controls were individually matched to cases on age at BBD diagnosis. We assessed IICCs in normal tissue and in the BBD lesions, and we used unconditional logistic regression to estimate the multivariable odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations between IICCs and breast cancer risk.

Results
There was no association between the IICC in normal tissue (multivariable OR per 5% increase in IICC = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.96–1.16) or in the BBD lesion (OR per 5% increase in IICC = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.96–1.18) and risk of subsequent invasive breast cancer. Also, there were no associations within subgroups defined by menopausal status, BBD histology, BMI, and history of smoking.

Conclusion
The results of this study suggest that IICCs in BBD tissue are not associated with altered risk of subsequent invasive breast cancer.
Butanol production from lignocellulosic sugars by Clostridium beijerinckii in microbioreactors
Authors: Birgen Cansu , Degnes Kristin F. , Markussen Sidsel , Wentzel Alexander , Sletta Håvard 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Butanol (n-butanol) has been gaining attention as a renewable energy carrier and an alternative biofuel with superior properties to the most widely used ethanol. We performed 48 anaerobic fermentations simultaneously with glucose and xylose as representative lignocellulosic sugars by Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB 8052 in BioLector® microbioreactors to understand the effect of different sugar mixtures on fermentation and to demonstrate the applicability of the micro-cultivation system for high-throughput anaerobic cultivation studies. We then compared the results to those of similar cultures in serum flasks to provide insight into different setups and measurement methods.

Results
ANOVA results showed that the glucose-to-xylose ratio affects both growth and production due to Carbon Catabolite Repression. The study demonstrated successful use of BioLector® system for the first time for screening several media and sugar compositions under anaerobic conditions by using online monitoring of cell mass and pH in real-time and at unprecedented time-resolution. Fermentation products possibly interfered with dissolved oxygen (DO) measurements, which require a careful interpretation of DO monitoring results.

Conclusions
The statistical approach to evaluate the microbioreactor setup, and information obtained in this study will support further research in bioreactor and bioprocess design, which are very important aspects of industrial fermentations of lignocellulosic biomass.
Cluster analysis of phenotypes of patients with Behçet’s syndrome: a large cohort study from a referral center in China
Authors: Zou Jun , Luo Jian-feng , Shen Yan , Cai Jian-fei , Guan Jian-long 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Behcet’s syndrome (BS) is a complex, heterogeneous disorder. However, classification of its subgroups is still debated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical features and aggregation of patients with BS in China, based on manifestations and organ involvements.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study of BS patients in Huadong Hospital of Fudan University between September 2012 and January 2020. We calculated relative risks (RRs) of clinical variables according to sex. Moreover, we conducted a hierarchical cluster analysis applied according to eighteen variables to determine subgroups of patients.

Results
A total of 860 BS patients were included. Male sex was associated with ocular involvement (RR 2.32, 95% CI 1.67, 3.22, P < 0.0001), vascular involvement (RR 2.00, 95% CI 1.23, 3.23, P = 0.004), cardiac lesion (RR 5.46, 95% CI 2.33, 12.77, P < 0.0001), and central nervous system involvement (RR 2.95, 95% CI 1.07, 6.78, P = 0.007) and was negatively associated with genital ulcers (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.79, 0.91, P < 0.0001). Five clusters (C1–C5) were observed. C1 (n = 307) showed the skin and mucosa type. In C2 (n = 124), all had articular involvement, barely having major organ involvement except for 18 cases with intestinal lesions. In C3 (n = 156), the gastrointestinal type, 144 patients presented with intestinal involvement, and 36 patients with esophageal ulcers. In C4 (n = 142), all subjects presented with uveitis. C5 (n = 131) consisted of 44 patients with cardiac lesions, 58 with vascular involvement, and 26 cases having central nervous system involvement.

Conclusion
Our analysis confirmed sex differences in phenotypes of BS. Cluster analysis identified gastrointestinal, uveitis, and cardiovascular involvement cluster separately in different subsets, which represents the most commonly involved organs. Further research is required to replicate and clarify the patterns of phenotype in BS.