bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diet Board as Strategy to Development of Fetal Programming on Female Rats
Authors: KANUNFRE CARLA , Oliveira Larissa , Costa Nathalia , Lecke Sheila , Morsch Debora , Spritzer Poli 
Published: June 2021

Controlled animal studies supply an important correlation between maternal nutrition (during pregnancy and lactation) and risk of disease in later life of offspring. Here we report the use of diet board as strategy to development of fetal programming and the effects produced in mothers and female offspring postnatal fed or not with hypercaloric diet. The diet board consisted of two aspen boards placed into the rat cage with vertical holes filled with food pellets, the unique way the rats obtained feed. Wistar pregnant dams were randomized into one of two groups, control and diet board. At weaning, female offspring were randomly assigned to receive either standard rat chow or hypercaloric diet (17%Kcal of sucrose, 10%kcal of primex shortening). The diet board reduces the weight gain on lactation (p=0.004) and gestation length (p=0.04). In addition mothers fed by diet board presented lesser fat in the adipose tissue depots (p=0.02). Concerning to effects of diets in the postnatal period, offspring did not differ on growth, energy intake, final body weight, Lee index and levels of insulin. In turn, hypercaloric diet had effects on visceral fat that was confirmed by adiposity index (p=0.01), glucose concentration (p=0.009) and ipITT (p=0.006). These data indicate that diet board as strategy to development of fetal programming produces effects on mothers that have impact on insulin and glucose tolerance of adulthood offspring manifested in the animals fed with hypercaloric diet.Grant Funding Source: Brazilian National Institute of Hormones and Women's Health and FIPE – HCPA, Brazil.
Blunted Non‐Shivering Thermogenesis in Obese Relative to Non‐Obese Adult Males
Authors: McMillan Andrew , White Matthew 
Published: June 2021

PURPOSE/HYPOTHESISIt was hypothesised that obese (O) relative to non‐obese (N‐O) men would have a reduced non‐shivering thermogenesis (NST) response to mild cold exposure. METHODS: Four college‐aged N‐O males with 18.7 % body fat (BF) and 4 O males with 33.9% BF, both assessed by DEXA, volunteered for an SFU Office of Research Ethics approved study. Measures included oxygen consumption (VO2, mL/min/kg), rectal temperature (TRE,°C), surface heat flux (HF, W m‐2) and skin temperatures (TSK,°C) on the right and left supraclavicular areas, chest, posterior shoulder, upper arm, abdomen and thigh. Surface electromyography (EMG) was used to assess the contributions of shivering thermogenesis (ST) and supraclavicular skin temperatures were assessed using a Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR) camera. After an overnight fast each volunteer, wearing only shorts, sat in a climatic chamber at 26°C for 90 min and then at 19°C for 90 min. RESULTS: The TRE in both groups remained at 36.73±0.64°C in the 26 and 19°C exposures. At 19°C the O had a lower mean TSK of 29.11±0.39°C relative to the N‐O mean TSK of 30.58±0.39°C (p < 0.05), a lower mean HF of 78.52±9.07 W m‐2 relative to that of 97.05±4.38 W m‐2 (p < 0.05) for the N‐O and a lower mean VO2 of 2.24±0.59 mL/min/kg relative to that of 4.03±0.52 mL/min/kg (p<0.05) in the N‐O. The O supraclavicular HF of 82.64±26.59 W m‐2 was lower than that of 115.69±16.76 W m‐2 (p < 0.05) in the N‐O. FLIR imaging showed O supraclavicular TSK of 30.78±0.54°C was lower than that of 32.66±0.21°C (p<0.05) for the N‐O.CONCLUSIONDespite lower skin temperatures and the same rectal temperature, O men appear to have lower NST relative to N‐O men and this suggests they have a lower brown adipose tissue activation during mild cold exposure.Supported by NSERC and CFI
Anti‐apoptotic effect of combined melatonin and exercise following focal cerebral ischemic in rats
Authors: Lee Minkyung , Hong Yonggeun 
Published: June 2021

Ischemic stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted, depriving the affected area of oxygen and nutrients, which can cause apoptosis. Here we investigated the effect of melatonin and exercise on apoptosis in focal cerebral ischemia at acute, sub acute, and chronic stages. Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats (8‐week‐old) were randomly assigned to one of four groups; all underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo), and received no treatment, twice daily melatonin (10 mg/kg) at 7:00 and 19:00, twice daily treadmill exercise (20 m/min, 6 days/week) at 17:00 and 22:00, or both melatonin and exercise. Exercise significantly reduced infarct volume as measured by 2%triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Combined melatonin and exercise decreased expression of the pro‐apoptosis marker Bax (p < 0.05 relative to MCAo alone) at the chronic phase, and increased expression of the anti‐apoptosis marker Bcl2 (p < 0.05). Moreover, in these rats, the ratio of Bax to Bcl‐2 expression at the chronic phase was significantly lower than that in rats whose MCAo injury was not treated (p < 0.05), following an increase at the acute phase. Therefore, combined melatonin and exercise should be further explored as a means of reducing apoptosis and necrosisfollowing stroke.Funding: 2012R1A1A2005089, 2013R1A2A2A01067169, KGM4611512
Time Course of Mitophagy‐Related Signals in Skeletal Muscle Following a Single Bout of Aerobic Exercise in Mice
Authors: Jannig Paulo , Voltarelli Vanessa , Bozi Luiz , Brum Patricia 
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to investigate mitophagy‐related signals in skeletal muscle following a single bout of aerobic exercise in mice. C57BL6 mice were submitted to a single bout of treadmill aerobic exercise for 80 minutes at 60% of maximal speed achieved in a graded treadmill test. Skeletal muscles were harvested at rest, immediately after the bout of aerobic exercise and after 3, 6, 12 and 24h of recovery. One hindlimb was used for fresh isolation of skeletal muscle mitochondrial‐enriched fraction (MF), and contralateral muscles were immediately frozen. Immunoblotting for LC3, p62 and Bnip3 were performed either in quadriceps muscles or MF. qPCR were performed to evaluate mRNA levels of LC3, p62 and Bnip3 in quadriceps muscles. No protein was differentially expressed in total lysate of quadriceps muscle. However, LC3‐II levels were significantly increased in MF immediately after the bout of aerobic exercise (72.5%) and after 12h of recovery (63.3%), whereas p62 protein levels were increased at 6 (30%) and 12h (62.5%) of recovery. Bnip3 protein levels displayed a trend toward to increase (p=0.06) after 3h of recovery (36.4%). No difference was found in mRNA levels of LC3, p62 and Bnip3 at any time point. Collectively, these results suggest that mitophagy signaling is increased during aerobic exercise and decreases after its cessation. Interestingly, the retake of mitophagy signaling after 12h of recovery suggests that mitophagy plays an important role in skeletal muscle mitochondrial remodeling to acute aerobic exercise stimulus, independently of transcriptional regulation. Thus, these results provide new insights into aerobic exercise‐induced mitophagy and mitochondrial remodeling.Financial support: FAPESP 2013/21065‐3
Pivotal role of melatonin plus exercise as a neuroregenerator following focal cerebral ischemic injury
Authors: Park Sookyoung , Lee Seunghoon , Hong Yonggeun 
Published: June 2021

Among the numerous studies related to therapeutic mechanism following stroke, neurogenesis plays a critical role. Therefore, we hypothesized that combination therapy with melatonin and exercise might exert on the neurogenesis after focal cerebral ischemia. Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomly divided into control (Con) and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) groups treated vehicle (Veh), melatonin (MT), exercise (EX), and melatonin with treadmill exercise (MT+Ex). MCAo‐induced neurological deficits were improved by melatonin with and without exercise. Furthermore, we confirmed the expression of NeuN and Doublecortin were significantly reduced in MCAo+Veh, while melatonin with without exercise attenuated these alterations. The expression of BDNF, in particular mature‐BDNF was increased, but not pro‐BDNF after MCAo. These changes were reduced at chronic phase of MCAo. GFAP expression was increased in lesion area of MCAo+Veh, then melatonin with and without exercise decreased these changes. By histological examination, MCAo‐induced infarction volumes were reduced by melatonin with and without exercise. We found that neurite length from perikaryon was markedly diminished than control rat. However, melatonin plus exercise promotes neurite outgrowth from penumbra to infarct core lesion. Thus, these results demonstrate that melatonin plus exercise could contribute to neuroregeneration and support the potential use for stroke.Funding: 2014R1A1A3051724, 2013 Post‐Doctoral Research Program of Inje University, 2012R1A1A2005089, 2013R1A2A2A01067169, KGM4611512
Electrophysiological Properties of Magno‐and Parvo‐Cellular Neurons in Rat Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus
Authors: Shen Yi Ming , Lee So Yeong , Han Seong Kyu , Ryu Pan Dong 
Published: June 2021

The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) contains magnocellular neurosecretory neurons (PVN‐MC) projecting to posterior pituitary, and parvocellular neurons projecting to anterior pituitary (neurosecretory), medulla (PVN‐RVLM) and/or spinal cord (PVN‐IML) (presympathetic). These PVN neurons are different in their roles and projections, but the differences in excitability are not well known. In this study, we compared the basic electrophysiological properties of these neuron groups.The PVN‐MC, PVN‐IML and/or PVN‐RVLM neurons were identified by electrophysiological property (expressing a prominent transient outward rectification) and retrograde dye (FluoSphere‐Red). The spontaneous firing, EPSC and action potential were recorded in the cell‐attached or whole‐cell mode with Axopatch 200B. Data were sampled at 20 KHz using pClamp 8 data‐acquisition and analysis software.In the voltage clamp cell‐attached mode, the frequency of spontaneous firing in the PVN‐IML neurons was higher than those in the other two groups (PVN‐ RVLM, PVN‐IML, PVN‐MC: 1.4 vs. 2.8 vs. 1.0 Hz, n=30, 27, 29; p<0.05). The mean frequencies of IPSC (5.1Hz, n=11) was lowest and the 37~90% decay time of IPSC (5.6 ms, n=9) in PVN‐IML neurons was shortest, and the PVN‐MC neurons (191.0 mV n=12) had shown the largest amplitude of IPSC (PVN‐RVLM, PVN‐IML: 61 vs. 55 mV n=16, 11; p<0.05). The 37~90% decay time (5.8 ms, n=22) of EPSC in the PVN‐MC cells was also larger than those of the PVN‐RVLM and PVN‐IML neurons (3.2 vs. 2.88 ms, n=14, 16; p<0.05). The properties of action potential were determined in the whole cell current clamp. The amplitude in PVN‐MC was definitely the largest (PVN‐RVLM, PVN‐IML, PVN‐MC: 78 vs. 65 vs. 69 mV, n=20, 10, 17; p<0.05)These results indicate that electrophysiological properties of three neuron groups were also different. The PVN‐IML neurons were the highest of spontaneous firing, and PVN‐MC neurons have larger input resistance and action potential amplitude of action potential. Functional significance of these differences remains to be studied further.
Renal HCO3‐ Reabsorption Is Differentially Modulated by Water Deprivation Depending on Food / Na+ Intake
Authors: Pessoa Thaissa , Malnic Gerhard 
Published: June 2021

Although kidneys are able to perform water balance dissociated from Na+ balance, hypovolemic dehydration, as seen during water deprivation (WD), modifies both. Moreover, WD can occur singly or together with food deprivation (FD) and, therefore, may differently alter such parameters. NHE3 is the major pathway for NaHCO3‐ in the proximal tubule and is important to volume balance, but the effect of WD on it is not well known. The goal of this work was to determine the effect of WD on HCO3‐ reabsorption (JHCO3‐) and the role of food (FI) or Na (NaI) intake in this mechanism. Rats were kept for 24 hs with water ad libitum (CTRL) or in WD, and JHCO3‐ was measured by means of stationary microperfusion. WD decreased by 34% JHCO3‐ (vs CTRL), and this effect was NHE3‐dependent, since the S3226(NHE3‐inhibitor)‐insensitive component of JHCO3‐ was not modulated by WD. Because NaI increases renal Na+ excretion and could influence JHCO3‐, animals were kept in WD and fed with a deficient Na+ diet (DNa), to determine the role of NaI on WD effect. As expected, in the absence of dietary Na+, JHCO3‐ was stimulated. Moreover, despite during WD + DNa, JHCO3‐ has decreased by 13% (vs DNa alone), the inhibitory effect of WD on JHCO3‐ was attenuated (since WD decreased JHCO3‐ by 34% when animals were fed with a CTRL diet). Because others dietary components besides Na+, may influence JHCO3‐, animals were kept in FD and WD. Although NaI was null during both, DNa and FD, JHCO3‐ was not stimulated by this last condition. Besides, the observed attenuation on JHCO3‐ was smaller (JHCO3‐ was 13% for DNa vs DNa + WD and 26% for FD vs FD + WD). These results indicate that WD inhibits NHE3. NaI presents a central role in this inhibitory effect; however NI has also a Na+‐independent component that inhibits JHCO3‐.Financial support FAPESP, CNPq
Effect of Antenatal Betamethasone on Ovine Renal Function in Obese Offspring
Authors: Bi Jianli , Figueroa Jorge , Chappell Mark , Rose James 
Published: June 2021

One third of adults in the United States are obese and over 100,000 individuals are born each year after antenatal exposure to glucocorticoids. Some of these individuals become obese. Little is known about effects of antenatal glucocorticoids on responses to angiotensin in obese adult offspring.We studied the effect of antenatal glucocorticoids exposure on responses to infusions of angiotensin II (ANG II) or angiotensin – (1‐7) (ANG (1‐7)) in 1‐1.5 year old male sheep exposed to either betamethasone (n=3) or vehicle (n=3) at 80‐81 days gestation and overfed to become obese in adulthood. Systemic infusions ANG II (0.5ng/kg/min) or ANG‐(1‐7) (9ng/kg/min) were administered. Blood pressure (BP), renal plasma flow (RPF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and filtration fraction (FF) were measured. ANOVA and Student's t test were used for data analysis.ANG II increased BP and the increase was higher in male obese antenatal betamethasone exposed sheep (MOB) (6.0 mmHg vs. 3.7 mmHg, p=0.04, MOB vs. MOV (male obese vehicle exposed sheep)). Basal RPF and GFR were not different but FF was lower in MOB (F=7.1, p=0.03). Neither peptide significantly changed RPF and GFR. However, ANG‐(1‐7) increased FF more in MOV than in MOB after sodium load (p=0.03, MOV vs. MOB)The greater increase in BP in MOB suggests that they are more sensitive to ANG II. The lower FF and smaller increase of FF with ANG‐(1‐7) in MOB indicates disproportionate loss of GFR compared with MOV. The data suggest that obesity increases responses to ANG II and reduces responses to ANG‐(1‐7) in antenatal betamethasone exposed males.Supported by NIH Grants HD‐47584 and HD‐17644.
Effects of Sodium Loading plus Walking on Bone Mineral Content (BMC)
Authors: Angelakos Kailyn , Hew‐Butler Tamara 
Published: June 2021

Determine if sodium loading and changes (Δ) in blood sodium concentration ([Na+]) are related to Δ's in BMC after walking.Methods2 single‐blind randomized trials: 6 flour tablets (P: placebo trial) or 6 1g‐NaCl tablets (S: salt trial). Tablets ingested after baseline blood and urine collection. Dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan performed next. After 60 minutes of rest, a 45‐minute treadmill walk was conducted. Immediately post‐exercise, blood and urine were collected. DXA scan repeated. Main outcomes included pre‐ to post‐exercise changes (Δ) in blood [Na+], urine [Na+], and BMC.Results14 subjects completed both trials. Significant increases (S vs. P trial, respectively) noted in: post‐exercise blood [Na+] (144±2 vs.140±2mEq/L; p<0.0001) and urine [Na+] (115±53 vs. 64±46 mEq/L; p=0.01); Δ blood [Na+] (3±2m; vs. 0±1mEq/L; p=0.0001) and Δ urine [Na+] (21±36 vs. ‐15±28mEq/L; p=0.006). Significant differences in BMC seen in Δ left rib (‐5.4±7 vs. 0.2±6g; p=0.03), which corresponded to location of ingested tablets pre‐exercise, and Δ total body BMC (‐5.5±27 vs. 14.1±21.4g; p=0.04). Δ blood [Na+] positively correlated with Δ urine [Na+] (r=0.47;p=0.01) and Δ thirst rating (r=0.49; p=0.008). Δ total BMC negatively correlated with: post‐exercise blood [Na+] (r=‐0.43;p=0.02); Δ blood [Na+] (r=‐0.43; p=0.02); and Δ urine [Na+] (r=‐0.47; p=0.01) and positively correlated with Δ left leg BMC (r=0.54;p=0.003) and Δ right leg BMC (r=0.53; p=0.004).Conclusion:1) increases in blood and urine [Na+] associated with decreases in total BMC; 2) Δ total BMC linearly related to Δ's in left and right leg BMC after treadmill walking; 3) Reductions in left rib and total BMC closely approximate NaCl ingested (~6g; inactive) before dissolution into bloodstream (active), suggesting localized sensitivity of DXA to NaCl tablets.
Thumb II Site Inhibitor Allosterically Suppresses the Dynamics of HCV NS5B RNA‐Dependent RNA Polymerase
Authors: Jois Bhavna , Deredge Daniel , Johnson Kenneth , Wintrode Patrick 
Published: June 2021

The NS5B RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase of human hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major target for drug development in the search for an effective treatment of hepatitis C. Various nucleoside analogs and allosteric non‐nucleoside inhibitors, classified based on the drug binding site, have been shown to bind NS5B and inhibit HCV replication. However, the genetic diversity of HCV and the rapid development of resistance mutations have stressed the need for better understanding of the mechanism of inhibition at a molecular level. With this intention, we have used hydrogen/deuterium exchange coupled with mass spectrometry to characterize the local dynamics of NS5B in the presence and absence of these inhibitors. We have verified that the inhibitor binding to the polymerase causes significant loss of exchange at the binding site and in regions adjacent. Additionally, we have seen that large regions of NS5B that are distant from the drug‐binding site show a significant loss in protein dynamics as detected by H/D exchange. This allosteric inhibition encompasses specific regions of NS5B that are involved in its catalytic cycle, including the fingers, finger extensions and thumb.Funding Source: University of Maryland School of Pharmacy
Workplace Incivility and Its Effects on the Physical and Psychological Health of Nursing Faculty
Authors: Sherrod Jayme Trocino , Lewallen Lynne Porter 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

AIM
The aim was to explore 1) the relationship between nursing faculty attributes and their experiences with workplace incivility and 2) the impact of experiences with workplace incivility on the physical and psychological health of nursing faculty.

BACKGROUND
Qualitative evidence suggests that workplace incivility impacts the physical and psychological health of nursing faculty. This has not been explored in a quantitative manner.

METHOD
A cross-sectional, correlational survey was distributed to nursing faculty teaching in the southeastern United States. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression and hierarchical multivariate multiple regression.

RESULTS
Faculty age, full-time status, highest degree earned, orientation programs, and program type were significantly related to experiences with workplace incivility. Workplace incivility was significantly related to an increase in headaches, sleep disturbances, and digestive problems and a decrease in subjective well-being.

CONCLUSION
Workplace incivility significantly impacts the physical and psychological health of nursing faculty.
Efficacy of Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy with Tetrachlorodecaoxygen-Anion Complex Instillation Compared with Standard Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy for Accelerated Wound Healing: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Burusapat Chairat , Sringkarawat Sophilak 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) with instillation is a novel wound therapy. The optimal solution is still being investigated. Tetrachlorodecaoxygen-anion complex (TCDO) causes increased phagocytosis and oxygenation. The authors’ objective was to investigate the efficacy of NPWT with TCDO instillation (NPWTi) and to compare the results with NPWT alone.

Methods:
A randomized controlled trial was conducted. Inclusion criteria were wound size greater than 4 cm2 and depth greater than 10 mm. Exclusion criteria were malignancy, immunocompromise, and allergy to TCDO. Patients were randomized into NPWT and NPWTi groups. Outcome measurements consisted of wound surface area, depth, volume, tissue culture, and pathologic evaluation.

Results:
A total of 24 patients in each group were enrolled. The percentages of wound surface area reduction of NPWTi and NPWT groups were 24.1 ± 6.8 and 28.2 ± 7.6 on day 12, and 19.0 ± 6.6 and 22.7 ± 7.8 on day 15, respectively (p < 0.05). The percentages of wound depth reduction were 16.4 ± 5.3 and 22.5 ± 10.5 on day 12, and 12.0 ± 6.7 and 14.1 ± 8.0 on day 15, respectively (p < 0.05). The percentages of wound volume reduction were 17.9 ± 4.6 and 21.6 ± 5.8 on day 12, and 14.7 ± 6.0 and 17.1 ± 6.6 on day 15, respectively (p < 0.05). No statistically significant difference in microbial reduction was found between the groups. Histopathologic examination showed that more angiogenesis was observed in the NPWTi group than in the NPWT group.

Conclusions:
NPWT with TCDO instillation statistically significantly accelerated wound healing, but it did not show significant microbial reduction. The authors’ results suggest that TCDO instillation may be an adjunctive treatment in NPWT.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, II.
The ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase from Melainabacteria: a comparative study between photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic bacterial sources
Authors: Ferretti María V. , Hussien Rania A. , Ballicora Miguel A. , Iglesias Alberto A. , Figueroa Carlos M. , Asencion Diez Matías D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUntil recently, all members of the cyanobacterial phylum were considered capable of performing oxygenic photosynthesis. This view has been questioned after the discovery of a group of presumed non-photosynthetic cyanobacteria named Melainabacteria. Using metagenomic data, we identified sequences encoding putative ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (EC 2.7.7.27, ADP-GlcPPase) from free-living and intestinal Melainabacteria. These genes were de novo synthesized and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The purified recombinant proteins from the free-living and the intestinal Melainabacteria showed ADP-GlcPPase activity, with Vmax values of 2.3 and 7.1 U/mg, respectively. Both enzymes had similar affinities towards ATP (S0.5 ∼0.3 mM) although the one from the intestinal source displayed a 6-fold higher affinity for glucose-1P. Both recombinant ADP-GlcPPases were sensitive to allosteric activation by glucose-6P (A0.5 ∼0.3 mM), and to inhibition by Pi and ADP (I0.5 between 0.2 to 3 mM). Interestingly, the enzymes from Melainabacteria were insensitive to 3-phosphoglycerate, which is the principal activator of ADP-GlcPPases from photosynthetic cyanobacteria. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first biochemical characterization of an active enzyme from Melainabacteria, offering further data to discussions regarding their phylogenetic position. This work contributes to a better understanding regarding the evolution of allosteric mechanisms in ADP-GlcPPases, an essential enzyme for the synthesis of glycogen in prokaryotes and starch in plants.