bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estratégia de aprendizagem de Anatomia Humana no ciclo básico de Medicina num contexto de pandemia: relato de experiência com o uso do instagram
Authors: Meneses Júlia Rachel Ferreira , Rocha Hugo Feliphy Pereira , Silveira Karla Emília Lima da , Sousa Ana Vitória Dias de , Sena Antônio Victor Azevedo , Miranda Maria Fernanda Araújo de , Beltrão Bruna Caroline Ribeiro , Gomes Francisco Vinnicius Monteiro , Pinto Antonione Santos Bezerra , Andrade Ana Rachel Oliveira de , Mendes Junior Francisco das Chagas Candeira , Pereira Júnior José Lopes , Lima Leonardo Ferreira Braz , Garcês Tereza Cristina de Carvalho Souza , Nóbrega Neto Antônio de Pádua Rocha 
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: O artigo visa relatar a experiência da elaboração de uma página no Instagram como ferramenta facilitadora para adesão dos acadêmicos da disciplina de anatomia em meio à pandemia da Covid-19. O trabalho foi desenvolvido por acadêmicos do 2° período de medicina, da Faculdade de Ciências Humanas, Exatas e da Saúde do Piauí FAHESP-IESVAP, no município de Parnaíba-PI. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência, descrevendo os passos da criação de uma rede de compartilhamento para a turma na rede social instagram, onde ocorreu a veiculação de imagens das peças anatômicas e, posteriormente, a avaliação de sua influência no processo de aprendizagem, por meio de um quiz. Resultados e discussão: A experiência de administrar uma página de Instagram como acadêmica de medicina trouxe a possibilidade de desenvolver habilidades como a responsabilidade e compromisso, visto a necessidade de embasamento científico, a fim de evitar a propagação de informações erradas e, consequentemente, o aprendizado errado. Conclusão: Foi observado que a abordagem utilizada na busca de estratégias que ampliem a convivência do aluno com os assuntos da disciplina de anatomia humana teve boa aceitação dos indivíduos, evidenciando o alto alcance do público. Contribuiu para o acesso e para o aprendizado de Sistemas Orgânicos Integrados aplicados à anatomia humana, favorecendo a familiarização do aluno com a disciplina, visto que os conteúdos estão dispostos em uma plataforma na qual frequentam diariamente, possibilitando aumentar o engajamento dos mesmos nas aulas práticas em laboratório.
Causal Associations of Urate With Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization
Authors: Lukkunaprasit Thitiya , Rattanasiri Sasivimol , Ongphiphadhanakul Boonsong , McKay Gareth J. , Attia John , Thakkinstian Ammarin 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundMendelian Randomization (MR) studies show conflicting causal associations of genetically predicted serum urate with cardiovascular risk factors (i.e., hypertension, diabetes, lipid profile, and kidney function). This study aimed to robustly investigate a causal relationship between urate and cardiovascular risk factors considering single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variables using two-sample MR and various sensitivity analyses.MethodsData on SNP-urate associations were taken from the Global Urate Genetics Consortium and data on SNP-cardiovascular risk factor associations were taken from various consortia/UK Biobank. SNPs were selected by statistically and biologically driven approaches as instrumental variables. Various sensitivity analyses were performed using different MR methods including inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger, weighted median/mode, MR-PRESSO, and the contamination mixture method.ResultsThe statistically driven approach showed significant causal effects of urate on HDL-C and triglycerides using four of the six MR methods, i.e., every 1 mg/dl increase in genetically predicted urate was associated with 0.047 to 0.103 SD decrease in HDL-C and 0.034 to 0.207 SD increase in triglycerides. The biologically driven approach to selection of SNPs from ABCG2, SLC2A9, SLC17A1, SLC22A11, and SLC22A12 showed consistent causal effects of urate on HDL-C from all methods with 0.038 to 0.057 SD decrease in HDL-C per 1 mg/dl increase of urate, and no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy was detected.ConclusionOur study suggests a significant and robust causal effect of genetically predicted urate on HDL-C. This finding may explain a small proportion (7%) of the association between increased urate and cardiovascular disease but points to urate being a novel cardiac risk factor.
Altered Functions of Neutrophils in Two Chinese Patients With Severe Congenital Neutropenia Type 4 Caused by G6PC3 Mutations
Authors: Dai Rongxin , Lv Ge , Li Wenyan , Tang Wenjing , Chen Junjie , Liu Qiao , Yang Lu , Zhang Min , Tian Zhirui , Zhou Lina , Yan Xin , Wang Yating , Ding Yuan , An Yunfei , Zhang Zhiyong , Tang Xuemei , Zhao Xiaodong 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundSCN4 is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the G6PC3 gene. The clinical, molecular, and immunological features; function of neutrophils; and prognosis of patients with SCN4 have not been fully elucidated.MethodsTwo Chinese pediatric patients with G6PC3 mutations were enrolled in this study. Clinical data, genetic and immunologic characteristics, and neutrophil function were evaluated in patients and controls before and after granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) treatment.ResultsBoth patients had histories of pneumonia, inguinal hernia, cryptorchidism, and recurrent oral ulcers. Patient 1 also had asthma and otitis media, and patient 2 presented with prominent ectatic superficial veins and inflammatory bowel disease. DNA sequencing demonstrated that both patients harbored heterozygous G6PC3 gene mutations. Spontaneous and FAS-induced neutrophil apoptosis were significantly increased in patients, and improved only slightly after G-CSF treatment, while neutrophil respiratory burst and neutrophil extracellular traps production remained impaired in patients after G-CSF treatment.ConclusionG-CSF treatment is insufficient for patients with SCN4 patients, who remain at risk of infection. Where possible, regular G-CSF treatment, long-term prevention of infection, are the optimal methods for cure of SCN4 patients. It is important to monitor closely for signs of leukemia in SCN4 patients. Once leukemia occurs in SCN4 patients, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the most important choice of treatment.
Desiccation Induced Conjunctival Monocyte Recruitment and Activation - Implications for Keratoconjunctivitis
Authors: Alam Jehan , de Paiva Cintia S. , Pflugfelder Stephen C. 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundLacrimal gland secretory dysfunction in Sjögren syndrome (SS) causes ocular surface desiccation that is associated with increased cytokine expression and number of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the conjunctiva. This study evaluated the hypothesis that desiccating stress (DS) alters the percentage and gene expression of myeloid cell populations in the conjunctiva.MethodsDS was induced by pharmacologic suppression of tear secretion and exposure to drafty low humidity environment. Bone marrow chimeras and adoptive transfer of CD45.1+ bone marrow cells to CD45.2+ C-C chemokine receptor 2 knockout (CCR2-/-) mice were used to track DS-induced myeloid cell recruitment to the conjunctiva. Flow cytometry evaluated myeloid cell populations in conjunctivae obtained from non-stressed eyes and those exposed to DS for 5 days. CD11b+ myeloid lineage cells were gated on monocyte (Ly6C), macrophage (CD64, MHCII) and DC (CD11c, MHCII) lineage markers. NanoString immune arrays were performed on sorted MHCII+ and MHCII- monocyte/macrophage cell populations.ResultsDS significantly increased the recruitment of adoptively transferred MHCII positive and negative myeloid cells to the conjunctiva in a CCR2 dependent fashion. The percentage of resident conjunctival monocytes (Ly6C+CD64-) significantly decreased while CD64+MHCII+ macrophages increased over 5 days of DS (P&lt;0.05 for both). Comparison of gene expression between the MHCII- monocyte and MHCII+ populations in non-stressed conjunctiva revealed a ≥ 2 log2 fold increase in 95 genes and decrease in 46 genes. Upregulated genes are associated with antigen presentation, cytokine/chemokine, M1 macrophage and NLRP3 inflammasome pathways. DS increased innate inflammatory genes in monocytes and MHCII+ cells and increased M1 macrophage (Trem1, Ido1, Il12b, Stat5b) and decreased homeostasis (Mertk) and M2 macrophage (Arg1) genes in MHCII+ cells.ConclusionsThere are myeloid cell populations in the conjunctiva with distinct phenotype and gene expression patterns. DS recruits myeloid cells from the blood and significantly changes their phenotype in the conjunctiva. DS also alters expression of an array of innate inflammatory genes. Immature monocytes in the unstressed conjunctiva appear to cascade to MHCII+ macrophages during DS, suggesting that DS promotes maturation of monocytes to antigen presenting cells with increased expression of inflammatory genes that may contribute to the pathogenesis of SS keratoconjunctivitis sicca.
Higher Prevalence of Non-thyroidal-Illness Syndrome in Elderly Male Patients With Active Helicobacter pylori Infection
Authors: Sun Banruo , Wang Xuanping , McLarnon Michael Edmund David , Ding Yu , Liu Miao , Dai Wei , Wang Gangshi 
Published: July 2021

Objective: It is currently unclear whether the Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection leads to associated alterations in thyroid functions and thyroidal illnesses. This study aims to analyse this relationship in an elderly male cohort over a five-year period.Design: A case retrospective study.Methods: A longitudinal study was designed to collect subjects (≥65 years old) receiving both a thyroid examination and H. pylori infection status determined by 13C-urea breath test in 2013 at our unit. Subjects were followed every 1 to 2 years until December 2017 for laboratory results, visits to outpatient clinics/emergency departments etc. Blood tests and thyroid ultrasonography were performed to determine thyroid function and morphology.Results: 356 male subjects with mean age 78.5 ± 9.8 years were included. Active H. pylori infection was positive in 88 subjects (24.7%). Thyroid function tests and ultrasonography showed similar patterns between H. pylori positive and negative groups. Non-thyroidal-illness syndrome (NTIS) was diagnosed in 30/210 (14%) patients who experienced acute illnesses and hospitalization over five-year follow-up. Notably, NTIS demonstrated significantly higher prevalence in the H. pylori positive group compared to the negative group (17.1 vs. 5.6%, P = 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that when age, APACHE II score and hemoglobin levels were adjusted, H. pylori status still has significant interrelationship with NTIS (OR = 3.497, P = 0.003).Conclusions: There is a positive association between chronic active H. pylori infection and NTIS prevalence in this elderly male cohort. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of H. pylori infection on NTIS in elderly male patients.
Strong Replication Interference Between Hepatitis Delta Viruses in Human Liver Chimeric Mice
Authors: Giersch Katja , Hermanussen Lennart , Volz Tassilo , Volmari Annika , Allweiss Lena , Sureau Camille , Casey John , Huang Jiabin , Fischer Nicole , Lütgehetmann Marc , Dandri Maura 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundHepatitis D Virus (HDV) is classified into eight genotypes with distinct clinical outcomes. Despite the maintenance of highly conserved functional motifs, it is unknown whether sequence divergence between genotypes, such as HDV-1 and HDV-3, or viral interference mechanisms may affect co-infection in the same host and cell, thus hindering the development of HDV inter-genotypic recombinants. We aimed to investigate virological differences of HDV-1 and HDV-3 and assessed their capacity to infect and replicate within the same liver and human hepatocyte in vivo.MethodsHuman liver chimeric mice were infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and with one of the two HDV genotypes or with HDV-1 and HDV-3 simultaneously. In a second set of experiments, HBV-infected mice were first infected with HDV-1 and after 9 weeks with HDV-3, or vice versa. Also two distinct HDV-1 strains were used to infect mice simultaneously and sequentially. Virological parameters were determined by strain-specific qRT-PCR, RNA in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence staining.ResultsHBV/HDV co-infection studies indicated faster spreading kinetics and higher intrahepatic levels of HDV-3 compared to HDV-1. In mice that simultaneously received both HDV strains, HDV-3 became the dominant genotype. Interestingly, antigenomic HDV-1 and HDV-3 RNA were detected within the same liver but hardly within the same cell. Surprisingly, sequential super-infection experiments revealed a clear dominance of the HDV strain that was inoculated first, indicating that HDV-infected cells may acquire resistance to super-infection.ConclusionInfection with two largely divergent HDV genotypes could be established in the same liver, but rarely within the same hepatocyte. Sequential super-infection with distinct HDV genotypes and even with two HDV-1 isolates was strongly impaired, suggesting that virus interference mechanisms hamper productive replication in the same cell and hence recombination events even in a system lacking adaptive immune responses.
Plasma Levels of Heat Shock Protein 90 Alpha Associated With Colorectal Cancer Development
Authors: Wei Wene , Zhou Jiahui , Chen Lipeng , Liu Haizhou , Zhang Fuyong , Li Jilin , Ning Shufang , Li Shirong , Wang Chen , Huang Yi , Zou Chang , Zhang Litu 
Published: July 2021

Aim: The role of plasma heat shock protein 90 alpha (HSP90α) in colorectal cancer patients remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between HSP90α and the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer through diagnosis and prognosis value.Methods: 635 colorectal cancer patients and 295 healthy controls were recruited. The HSP90α was measured by using the ELISA kit in all objects and the immune cells and common biomarkers as CEA, AFP, CA125, CA153 and CA199 were measured in all colorectal cancer patients. The relationship between plasma HSP90α with clinical features, common tumor markers and immune cells were also conducted. The survival analysis endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS).Results: The levels of plasma HSP90α were significantly higher in colorectal cancer patients compared to healthy controls [51.4 (ng/ml) vs. 43.7 (ng/ml), p &lt; 0.001]. In additional, the levels of plasma HSP90α were associated with gender and disease progress as stage, lymphatic and distant metastasis. Furthermore, plasma HSP90α was closed correlation with CEA, CA125, CA199 and percentage of B cells. However, the initial expression level of plasma HSP90α failed to show a prognostic value for progression-free survival in colorectal cancer.Conclusion: The plasma Hsp90α was remarkable higher in colorectal cancer and correlated with common tumor biomarkers and immune cells. Plasma Hsp90α levels were associated with disease progress but a poor diagnosis performance and also failed to show a prognostic value in colorectal cancer.
The Frequency of Genetic Mutations Associated With Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia in Chinese Han Patients
Authors: Liu Li , Cui Bo , Chu Min , Cui Yue , Jing Donglai , Li Dan , Xie Kexin , Kong Yu , Xia Tianxinyu , Wang Chaodong , Wu Liyong 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundBehavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is a clinically heterogeneous syndrome with high heredity. However, the frequencies of mutations associated with bvFTD have yet to be determined. The aim of the current study was to investigate the frequency of Chinese Han patients harboring genetic bvFTD variants.MethodsA total of 49 bvFTD patients selected from our frontotemporal lobar degeneration database, including 14 familial cases belonging to eight families and 35 sporadic cases were consecutively recruited from July 2014 to December 2019 at Xuanwu Hospital (Beijing, China). Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed and repeat-primed PCR was used to test samples for the C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion mutation. The frequency of genetic variants and the pathogenicity of the novel variants were analyzed.ResultsTen pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were identified in 17 bvFTD patients, including C9orf72 repeat expansions, six previously reported mutations and three novel mutations (MAPT p. R5C, p. D54N, GRN p. P451L). Genetic mutations accounted for 27.9% (12/43) of total cases, 87.5% (7/8) of patients with familial bvFTD, and 14.3% (5/35) with sporadic bvFTD. Pathogenic variants mostly occurred in MAPT gene (20.9%, 9/43), followed by C9orf72 repeat expansions (2.3%, 1/43), GRN gene (2.3%, 1/43) and FUS gene (2.3%, 1/43).ConclusionThere was a high prevalence of genetic variants in Chinese bvFTD patients, highlighting the necessity of genetic testing for bvFTD.
Quantitative Evaluation of Gait Changes Using APDM Inertial Sensors After the External Lumbar Drain in Patients With Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
Authors: He Mengmeng , Qi Zhenyu , Shao Yunxiang , Yao Hui , Zhang Xuewen , Zhang Yang , Shi Yu , E Qinzhi , Liu Chengming , Hu Hongwei , Liu Jiangang , Sun Xiaoou , Wang Zhong , Huang Yulun 
Published: July 2021

Objectives: Gait and balance disturbances are common symptoms of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). This study aimed to quantitatively evaluate gait and balance parameters after external lumbar drainage (ELD) using APDM inertial sensors.Methods: Two-minute walkway tests were performed in 36 patients with suspected iNPH and 20 healthy controls. A total of 36 patients underwent ELD. According to clinical outcomes, 20 patients were defined as responders, and the other 16 as non-responders. The gait parameters were documented, and the corresponding differences between responders and non-responders were calculated.Results: When compared with healthy controls, patients with suspected iNPH exhibited decreased cadence, reduced gait speed, a higher percentage of double support, decreased elevation at mid-swing, reduced foot strike angle, shorter stride length, difficulty in turning, and impaired balance functions. After the ELD, all these manifestations, except elevation at mid-swing and balance functions, were significantly improved in responders. The change of Z-score absolute value in the six parameters, except for foot strike angle, was &gt;1. No significant improvement was observed in non-responders.Conclusion: APDM inertial sensors are useful for the quantitative assessment of gait impairment in patients with iNPH, which may be a valuable tool for identifying candidates that are suitable for shunting operations.
Interaction Effect of Baseline Serum Glucose and Early Ischemic Water Uptake on the Risk of Secondary Hemorrhage After Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Nawabi Jawed , Elsayed Sarah , Scholz Henriette , Kemmling André , Meyer Lukas , Kniep Helge , Bechstein Matthias , Flottmann Fabian , Faizy Tobias D. , Schön Gerhard , Fiehler Jens , Hanning Uta , Broocks Gabriel 
Published: July 2021

Background and Purpose: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) after mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) remains a major complication and its early prediction is of high relevance. Baseline serum glucose (BGL) is a known predictor of ICH, but its interaction with early ischemic changes remains uncertain. We hypothesized that BGL interacts with the effect of tissue water uptake on the occurrence of ICH.Methods: Three hundred and thirty-six patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with MT were retrospectively analyzed. ICH was diagnosed within 24 h on non-enhanced CT (NECT) and classified according to the Heidelberg Bleeding Classification. Early tissue water homeostasis has been assessed using quantitative lesion net water uptake (NWU) on admission CT. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify predictors of ICH.Results: One hundred and seven patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria of which 37 (34.6%) were diagnosed with ICH. Patients with ICH had a significant higher BGL on admission (median 177 mg/dl, IQR: 127–221.75, P &lt; 0.001). In patients with low BGL (&lt;120 mg/dl), higher NWU was associated with 1.34-fold increased likelihood of ICH, while higher NWU was associated with a 2.08-fold increased likelihood of ICH in patients with a high BGL (&gt;200 mg/dl). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, BGL (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00–1.04, P = 0.01) and NWU (OR: 2.32, 95% CI: 1.44–3.73, P &lt; 0.001) were significantly and independently associated with ICH, showing a significant interaction (P = 0.04).Conclusion: A higher degree of early tissue water uptake and high admission BGL were both independent predictors of ICH. Higher BGL was significantly associated with accelerated effects of NWU on the likelihood of ICH. Although a clear causal relationship remains speculative, stricter BGL control and monitoring may be tested to reduce the risk of ICH in patients undergoing thrombectomy.
Robot-Assisted Arm Training in Stroke Individuals With Unilateral Spatial Neglect: A Pilot Study
Authors: Chen Ze-Jian , Gu Ming-Hui , He Chang , Xiong Cai-Hua , Xu Jiang , Huang Xiao-Lin 
Published: July 2021

Background: Robot-assisted arm training (RAT) is an innovative exercise-based therapy that provides highly intensive, adaptive, and task-specific training, yet its effects for stroke individuals with unilateral spatial neglect remain to be explored. The study was aimed to investigate the effects of RAT on unilateral spatial neglect, arm motor function, activities of daily living, and social participation after stroke.Methods: In a pilot randomized controlled trial, individuals with unilateral spatial neglect after right hemisphere stroke were equally allocated to intervention group and control group, 45-min training daily, 5 days/week, for 4 weeks. Outcome measures included the Behavioral Inattention Test-conventional section (BIT-C), Catherine Bergego Scale (CBS), Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), Modified Barthel Index (MBI), and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule Version 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0).Results: From November 2018 to February 2021, 20 stroke patients (mean age 47.40 ± 8.47) were enrolled in the study. Robot-assisted arm training was feasible and safe for individuals with unilateral spatial neglect. Both groups had significant improvements in all outcome measures. Participants assigned to RAT therapy had significantly greater improvements in BIT-C (difference, 7.70; 95% CI, 0.55–14.85, P = 0.04), FMA-UE (difference, 5.10; 95% CI, 1.52–8.68, P = 0.01), and WHODAS 2.0 (difference, −7.30; 95% CI, −12.50 to −2.10, P = 0.01). However, the change scores on CBS and MBI demonstrated no significance between the groups.Conclusion: Our findings provide preliminary support for introducing robot-assisted arm training to remediate unilateral spatial neglect after stroke. The training program focusing on neglect of contralateral space and affected upper extremity may be effective in neglect symptoms, motor function recovery, and social participation, while not generalizing into improvements in activities of daily living.Clinical Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (http://www.chictr.org.cn/) on 17 October 2019, identifier: ChiCTR1900026656.