bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural and forced soil aeration during agricultural managed aquifer recharge
Authors: Ganot Yonatan , Dahlke Helen E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOne of the suggested approaches to mitigate the chronic groundwater depletion in California is agricultural managed aquifer recharge (Ag‐MAR), in which farmland is flooded using excess surface water in order to recharge the underlying aquifer. Successful implementation of Ag‐MAR projects requires careful estimation of the soil aeration status, as prolonged saturated conditions in the rhizosphere can damage crops due to O2 deficiency. We studied the soil aeration status under almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb] trees and cover crops during Ag‐MAR at three sites differing in drainage properties. Water application included several cycles (2–7) and flooding durations (27–63 h) that varied according to the soil infiltration capacity at each site. We used O2 and redox potential as soil aeration quantifiers to test the impact of forced aeration by air‐injection compared with natural soil aeration. Results suggest an average increase of up to 2% O2 at one site, whereas mixed impact was observed at the two other sites. Additionally, no impact on crop yield was observed for one growing season. Results further suggest that natural aeration can support crop O2 demand during Ag‐MAR if flooding duration is controlled according to O2 depletion rates. In large Ag‐MAR projects, forced aeration might be useful to improve local zones of O2 deficiency, which are expected to occur due to topographic irregularities and spatial variability of drainage properties.
Enabling assessment of distributive justice through models for climate change planning: A review of recent advances and a research agenda
Authors: Jafino Bramka Arga , Kwakkel Jan H. , Taebi Behnam 
Published: May 2021

AbstractModels for supporting climate adaptation and mitigation planning, mostly in the form of Integrated Assessment Models, are poorly equipped for aiding questions related to fairness of adaptation and mitigation strategies, because they often disregard distributional outcomes. When evaluating policies using such models, the costs and benefits are typically aggregated across all actors in the system, and over the entire planning horizon. While a policy may be beneficial when considering the aggregate outcome, it can be harmful to some people, somewhere, at some point in time. The practice of aggregating over all actors and over time thus gives rise to problems of justice; it could also exacerbate existing injustices. While the literature discusses some of these injustices in ad‐hoc and case specific manner, a systematic approach for considering distributive justice in model‐based climate change planning is lacking. This study aims to fill this gap by proposing 11 requirements that an Integrated Assessment Model should meet in order to enable the assessment of distributive justice in climate mitigation and adaptation policies. We derive the requirements from various ethical imperatives stemming from the theory of distributive justice. More specifically, we consider both intra‐generational (among people within one generation) and intergenerational (between generations) distributive justice. We investigate to what extent the 11 requirements are being met in recent model‐based climate planning studies, and highlight several directions for future research to advance the accounting for distributive justice in model‐based support for climate change planning.This article is categorized under:
Climate, Nature, and Ethics > Climate Change and Global Justice
Acetic acid stress in budding yeast: From molecular mechanisms to applications
Authors: Guaragnella Nicoletta , Bettiga Maurizio 
Published: May 2021

Abstract Acetic acid stress represents a frequent challenge to counteract for yeast cells under several environmental conditions and industrial bioprocesses. The molecular mechanisms underlying its response have been mostly elucidated in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, where acetic acid can be either a physiological substrate or a stressor. This review will focus on acetic acid stress and its response in the context of cellular transport, pH homeostasis, metabolism and stress‐signalling pathways. This information has been integrated with the results obtained by multi‐omics, synthetic biology and metabolic engineering approaches aimed to identify major cellular players involved in acetic acid tolerance. In the production of biofuels and renewable chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass, the improvement of acetic acid tolerance is a key factor. In this view, how this knowledge could be used to contribute to the development and competitiveness of yeast cell factories for sustainable applications will be also discussed.
Stable, but still reactive – investigations on the effects of Lewis acid binding on copper nitrene intermediates
Authors: Warm Katrin , Monte Pérez Inés , Kuhlmann Uwe , Hildebrandt Peter , Farquhar Erik , Swart Marcel , Ray Kallol 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCopper nitrenes are proposed as reactive intermediates in a number of copper mediated aziridination and amination reactions. However, the isolation and characterization of such intermediates have proved challenging because of their transient nature. One successful approach for the stabilization of the copper‐nitrene cores is the employment of a redox innocent Lewis acid (LA) like Sc3+. We herein report the stabilization of two transient copper nitrene species 3 and 4 in the absence of LAs by employing electronegative −CF3 and −NO2 groups in the nitrene substituent. Detailed investigations of the spectroscopic properties of 3 and 4 by theoretical and experimental methods, and a comparison of their reactivities in presence and absence of LAs provide some vital insights into the effect of LAs on the geometric and electronic structures of the copper nitrenes.
Selective separation of uranium using modified Dowex 1X8 /TOA from carbonate leaching of Dolostone ore, Allouga area, Sinai
Authors: Bakry Ahmed R. , Zaki Doaa I. , Gamil Elham A. , El Hady Saleh M. , Abdel Fattah Nasr A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLeaching of uranium from a technological sample (680 mg/Kg U) in SW Sinai of Um Bogma Formation is carried out using a mix of sodium carbonte/sodium bicarbonate in presence of an oxidant (MnO2or H2O2). The relevant factors e.g. (grain size=−200 mesh, alkali concentration= 100 g/l (3 : 1) mixed Na2CO3/NaHCO3, time=2 h, solid/liquid ratio=1/3, T=50 °C and H2O2=60 ml) of alkaline leaching of uranium have been optimized. This is followed by uranium recovery using an anion exchange resin, modified Dowex 1X8/TOA. Therefore, highly 92 % pure product of uranium has been obtained as sodium di‐urinate Na2U2O7.
The Coordination Chemistry and Clustering of Subvalent Ga+ and In+ upon Addition of σ‐Donor Ligands
Authors: Dabringhaus Philipp , Barthélemy Antoine , Krossing Ingo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis review addresses the coordination chemistry (mainly) enabled by using the univalent [M(fluoroarene)2–3]+[Al(ORF)4]−‐salts (M=Ga, In; RF=C(CF3)3) as robust starting materials. In the course of this work, it became clear that the orbital energy of the ns2 (n=4, 5) lone pair in such [:M(L)n]+ cations reacts drastically depending on the quality of the ligand employed. Activation of the lone pair with strong σ‐donor ligands might be used for bond activation and oxidative addition reactions. Yet, unexpectedly, using sterically undemanding and electron rich ligands with limited π‐accepting properties, aggregation to highly charged and rather unusual univalent cluster cations [Mn(L)m]°+ (n=2…5, m=4…6, o=3…5) was observed. An overview and rationalization of these findings is presented here.
Buruh Siluman: The Making and Maintaining of Cheap and Disciplined Labour on Oil Palm Plantations in Indonesia
Authors: Sinaga Hariati 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIncreasing attention has been paid to working conditions on Indonesian oil palm plantations. Reports have documented decent work deficits on plantations in Indonesia that are associated with cheap and disciplined labour as an important feature of the plantation labour regime. This chapter focuses on female labour on oil palm plantations. Drawing on insights from feminist theories, the coloniality/modernity school of thought, as well as literature on racial capitalism, this chapter argues that female labour on plantations, often calledburuh siluman, plays a central role in the making and maintaining of these kinds of labour relations.
Die Zwischenphase als ›Zwischenphase‹: Zeitreflexion und metatextuelle Selbstreflexion
Authors: Brössel Stephan 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungEin Paradebeispiel für selbstreflexives Erzählen in der Zwischenphase ist Karl Gutzkows erstmals 1847 publizierte Novelle Imagina Unruh. Der Text führt einige der wesentlichen Merkmale zusammen, die für unsere Überlegungen von Bedeutung sind – den Lebenslauf eines Künstlersubjekts, Kunstreflexion, Regressivität, Metatextualität – und entfaltet dadurch ein zeitreflexives Potenzial, das auf eine dritte Säule hindeutet, die wir im Hinblick auf die literarische Diskursivierung des Zeitproblems zu eröffnen haben: Zeitreflexion auf Basis metatextuell-selbstreflexiven Erzählens.
Inner horizon instability and the unstable cores of regular black holes
Authors: Carballo-Rubio Raúl , Di Filippo Francesco , Liberati Stefano , Pacilio Costantino , Visser Matt 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Regular black holes with nonsingular cores have been considered in several approaches to quantum gravity, and as agnostic frameworks to address the singularity problem and Hawking’s information paradox. While in a recent work we argued that the inner core is destabilized by linear perturbations, opposite claims were raised that regular black holes have in fact stable cores. To reconcile these arguments, we discuss a generalization of the geometrical framework, originally applied to Reissner-Nordtsröm black holes by Ori, and show that regular black holes have an exponentially growing Misner-Sharp mass at the inner horizon. This result can be taken as an indication that stable nonsingular black hole spacetimes are not the definitive endpoint of a quantum gravity regularization mechanism, and that nonperturbative backreation effects must be taken into account in order to provide a consistent description of the quantum-gravitational endpoint of gravitational stellar collapse.
Near-BPS baby Skyrmions with Gaussian tails
Authors: Gudnason Sven Bjarke , Barsanti Marco , Bolognesi Stefano 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We consider the baby Skyrme model in a physically motivated limit of reaching the restricted or BPS baby Skyrme model, which is a model that enjoys area-preserving diffeomorphism invariance. The perturbation consists of the kinetic Dirichlet term with a small coefficient ϵ as well as the standard pion mass term, with coefficient $$ \upepsilon {m}_1^2 $$
ϵ

m
1
2

. The pions remain lighter than the soliton for any ϵ and therefore the model is physically acceptable, even in the ϵ → 0 limit. The version of the BPS baby Skyrme model we use has BPS solutions with Gaussian tails. We perform full numerical computations in the ϵ → 0 limit and even reach the strict ϵ = 0 case, finding new nontrivial BPS solutions, for which we do not yet know the analytic form.
Bounds on Regge growth of flat space scattering from bounds on chaos
Authors: Chandorkar Deeksha , Chowdhury Subham Dutta , Kundu Suman , Minwalla Shiraz 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We study four-point functions of scalars, conserved currents, and stress tensors in a conformal field theory, generated by a local contact term in the bulk dual description, in two different causal configurations. The first of these is the standard Regge configuration in which the chaos bound applies. The second is the ‘causally scattering configuration’ in which the correlator develops a bulk point singularity. We find an expression for the coefficient of the bulk point singularity in terms of the bulk S matrix of the bulk dual metric, gauge fields and scalars, and use it to determine the Regge scaling of the correlator on the causally scattering sheet in terms of the Regge growth of this S matrix. We then demonstrate that the Regge scaling on this sheet is governed by the same power as in the standard Regge configuration, and so is constrained by the chaos bound, which turns out to be violated unless the bulk flat space S matrix grows no faster than s2 in the Regge limit. It follows that in the context of the AdS/CFT correspondence, the chaos bound applied to the boundary field theory implies that the S matrices of the dual bulk scalars, gauge fields, and gravitons obey the Classical Regge Growth (CRG) conjecture.
Design of a self-learning multi-agent framework for the adaptation of modular production systems
Authors: Scrimieri Daniele , Afazov Shukri M. , Ratchev Svetan M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper presents the design of a multi-agent framework that aids engineers in the adaptation of modular production systems. The framework includes general implementations of agents and other software components for self-learning and adaptation, sensor data analysis, system modelling and simulation, as well as human-computer interaction. During an adaptation process, operators make changes to the production system, in order to increase capacity or manufacture a product variant. These changes are automatically captured and evaluated by the framework, building an experience base of adjustments that is then used to infer adaptation knowledge. The architecture of the framework consists of agents divided in two layers: the agents in the lower layer are associated with individual production modules, whereas the agents in the higher layer are associated with the entire production line. Modelling, learning, and adaptations can be performed at both levels, using a semantic model to specify the structure and capabilities of the production system. An evaluation of a prototype implementation has been conducted on an industrial assembly system. The results indicate that the use of the framework in a typical adaptation process provides a significant reduction in time and resources required.
Effect of metal foam on vibration damping and its modelling
Authors: Albertelli Paolo , Esposito Stefano , Mussi Valerio , Goletti Massimo , Monno Michele 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe use of metal foams for damping vibrations of mechanical structures has found interesting applications in machine tools and its components. Indeed, undesired vibration is one of the most detrimental causes that limit the machine performance in terms of the maximum achievable material removal rate MRR. Although positive results were presented in some research works, a methodology for predicting the damping properties of such materials in the machine tool design phase using finite element codes is still missing. In order to bridge this gap, in this paper, an experimental procedure for identifying the damping contribution of the aluminum metal foam to the hosting structure is proposed. The experimental data are even used to develop a model for predicting the damping. The procedure is further validated on a dummy structure.
Influence of the frequency of pulsating high-pressure cutting fluid jets on the resulting chip length and surface finish
Authors: Splettstoesser Antonia , Schraknepper Daniel , Bergs Thomas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHigh-pressure cutting fluid supply is a proven technology for chip breaking when turning difficult-to-cut materials, such as Inconel 718. However, the technology is usually not suitable for the finish turning of safety-critical parts in aero engines. The acting force of the cutting fluid jet on the back of the chip causes chip breaking. The broken chips are then accelerated by the cutting fluid jet towards the workpiece surfaces where they cause damage on impact. One approach to minimize surface damage is a specific increase in the chip length. The center of gravity of the chips with an adjusted length is shifted out of the focus where the cutting fluid jet hits the chips. Hence, the already finished surface is subjected to fewer impacts of the chips. In this study, the adjustment of the chip length by pulsating high-pressure cutting fluid supply to prevent surface damage was investigated. A valve unit was used to generate two alternating cutting fluid supply pressure levels in certain time intervals. During the low-pressure stage, the force of the cutting fluid jet does not lead to chip breakage and the chip length increases until the valves switch and the high-pressure stage is released. The focus of this work was the analysis of the relationship between the duration of the low-pressure and high-pressure time intervals and the chip length. Additionally, the influence of the depth of cut, the feed, and the cutting speed on the chip length during pulsating high-pressure cutting fluid supply was investigated. Finally, a case study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the pulsating high-pressure cutting fluid supply technology. Therefore, the shoulder surface of a demonstrator part was finished by face turning. Following, the cylindrical surface was finished with a continuous and pulsating high-pressure cutting fluid supply with varied supply parameters. Microscopic analyses of the surface prove that the pulsating high-pressure cutting fluid supply prevents the surface from being damaged by the impacts of chips.
Regionalisierung hydrologischer Modelle mit Function Space Optimization
Authors: Feigl Moritz , Herrnegger Mathew , Schweppe Robert , Thober Stephan , Klotz Daniel , Samaniego Luis , Schulz Karsten 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Schätzen von räumlich verteilten Parametern hydrologischer Modelle ist ein bereits lang erforschtes und anspruchsvolles Problem. Parameter-Transferfunktionen, die einen funktionellen Zusammenhang zwischen Modellparametern und geophysikalischen Gebietseigenschaften herstellen, sind eine potenzielle Möglichkeit, Parameter ohne Kalibrierung zu schätzen. Function Space Optimization (FSO) ist eine symbolische Regressionsmethode, die automatisiert Transferfunktionen aus Daten schätzen kann. Sie basiert auf einem textgenerierenden neuronalen Netzwerk, das die Suche nach einer optimalen Funktion in ein kontinuierliches Optimierungsproblem umwandelt.In diesem Beitrag beschreiben wir die Funktionsweise von FSO und geben ein Beispiel der Anwendung mit dem mesoscale Hydrological Model (mHM). Ziel der Anwendung ist die Schätzung zweier Transferfunktionen für die Parameter KSat (gesättigte hydraulische Leitfähigkeit) und FieldCap (Feldkapazität). Dafür verwenden wir Daten 7 großer deutscher Einzugsgebieten über einen Zeitraum von 5 Jahren zum Schätzen der Transferfunktionen und weiterer numerischer Parameter. Die resultierenden Funktionen und Parameter werden ohne weitere Kalibrierung auf 222 Validierungsgebiete über eine Validierungsperiode von 35 Jahren angewendet. Mit der Anwendung in diesen „unbeobachteten“ Gebieten können wir die Übertragbarkeit und die zumindest regionale Gültigkeit der Transferfunktionen überprüfen.Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass bei einer Anwendung in unbeobachteten Gebieten die Modellgüte in einem ähnlichen Wertebereich wie in den Trainingsgebieten liegt und somit weiterhin akzeptabel ist. Die Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) in den Trainingsgebieten über den Validierungszeitraum unterscheidet sich mit einem medianen Wert von 0,73 nicht nennenswert von dem der Validierungsgebiete mit einem medianen NSE von 0,65.Zusammengefasst haben Transferfunktionen das Potenzial, die Vorhersagefähigkeiten, Übertragbarkeit auf andere Gebiete sowie physikalische Interpretierbarkeit bestehender hydrologischer Modelle zu verbessern. Mit FSO wurde zum ersten Mal eine objektive, datengetriebene Methode entwickelt, mit der Transferfunktionen geschätzt werden können.
Wirtschaftsprogramme gegen die Pandemiekrise — Deutschland im internationalen Vergleich
Authors: Dauderstädt Michael 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Wirtschaftsprogramme der 23 OECD-Länder setzen unterschiedliche Schwerpunkte. Im Mittelpunkt der Programme stehen Geld- und Fiskalpolitik, Einkommensunterstützung und Konjunkturprogramme, Arbeitsmarktpolitik und andere staatliche Programme in Bereichen wie Infrastruktur, Gesundheit, Bildung und Klimaschutz. Im Vergleich scheint Deutschland beim Schutz von Beschäftigung und Einkommen gut aufgestellt zu sein, wenn auch ohne einen deutlichen Fokus auf die Armutsbekämpfung. Allerdings fehlt eine klare Vision zur Ausgestaltung der Post-Corona-Ökonomie.
Impact of public health interventions to curb SARS-CoV-2 spread assessed by an evidence-educated Delphi panel and tailored SEIR model
Authors: Brüggenjürgen Bernd , Stricker Hans-Peter , Krist Lilian , Ortiz Miriam , Reinhold Thomas , Roll Stephanie , Rotter Gabriele , Weikert Beate , Wiese-Posselt Miriam , Willich Stefan N. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Aim
To use a Delphi-panel-based assessment of the effectiveness of different non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) in order to retrospectively approximate and to prospectively predict the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic progression via a SEIR model (susceptible, exposed, infectious, removed).

Methods
We applied an evidence-educated Delphi-panel approach to elicit the impact of NPIs on the SARS-CoV-2 transmission rate R0 in Germany. Effectiveness was defined as the product of efficacy and compliance. A discrete, deterministic SEIR model with time step of 1 day, a latency period of 1.8 days, duration of infectiousness of 5 days, and a share of the total population of 15% assumed to be protected by immunity was developed in order to estimate the impact of selected NPI measures on the course of the pandemic. The model was populated with the Delphi-panel results and varied in sensitivity analyses.

Results
Efficacy and compliance estimates for the three most effective NPIs were as follows: test and isolate 49% (efficacy)/78% (compliance), keeping distance 42%/74%, personal protection masks (cloth masks or other face masks) 33%/79%. Applying all NPI effectiveness estimates to the SEIR model resulted in a valid replication of reported occurrence of the German SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. A combination of four NPIs at consented compliance rates might curb the CoViD-19 pandemic.

Conclusion
Employing an evidence-educated Delphi-panel approach can support SARS-CoV-2 modelling. Future curbing scenarios require a combination of NPIs. A Delphi-panel-based NPI assessment and modelling might support public health policy decision making by informing sequence and number of needed public health measures.