bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lifestyle changes as a result of COVID‐19 containment measures: Bodyweight and glycemic control in patients with diabetes in the Japanese declaration of a state of emergency
Authors: Tanaka Nagaaki , Hamamoto Yoshiyuki , Kurotobi Yuri , Yamasaki Yuji , Nakatani Susumu , Matsubara Miho , Haraguchi Takuya , Yamaguchi Yuko , Izumi Kiyohiro , Fujita Yuki , Kuwata Hitoshi , Hyo Takanori , Yamada Yuichiro , Kurose Takeshi , Seino Yutaka 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTo clarify the association between lifestyle changes as a result of coronavirus disease 2019 containment measures and changes in metabolic and glycemic status in patients with diabetes, a cross‐sectional, single‐center, observation study was carried out. A self‐reported questionnaire was provided to ascertain the frequency of various lifestyle activities before and after the coronavirus disease 2019 containment measures in Japan. Among 463 patients, change in glycated hemoglobin was significantly associated with change in bodyweight. After stratification by age 65 years, binary logistic regression analysis showed that increased frequency of snack eating increased bodyweight (odds ratio 1.709, P = 0.007) and glycated hemoglobin (odds ratio 1.420, P = 0.025) in the younger group, whereas in the older patients, reduced walking activities resulted in weight gain (odds ratio 0.726, P = 0.010). In conclusion, changes in eating behavior and physical activity increased bodyweight and reduced glycemic control among diabetes patients, but by different processes depending on age under the coronavirus disease 2019 containment measures in Japan.
Embracing complexity with systems thinking in general practitioners' clinical reasoning helps handling uncertainty
Authors: Stolper Erik , Van Royen Paul , Jack Edmund , Uleman Jeroen , Olde Rikkert Marcel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractClinical reasoning in general practice is increasingly challenging because of the rise in the number of patients with multimorbidity. This creates uncertainty because of unpredictable interactions between the symptoms from multiple medical problems and the patient's personality, psychosocial context and life history. Case analysis may then be more appropriately managed by systems thinking than by hypothetic‐deductive reasoning, the predominant paradigm in the current teaching of clinical reasoning. Application of “systems thinking” tools such as causal loop diagrams allows the patient's problems to be viewed holistically and facilitates understanding of the complex interactions. We will show how complexity levels can be graded in clinical reasoning and demonstrate where and how systems thinking can have added value by means of a case history.
Willingness of households to reduce flood risk in southern France
Authors: Champonnois Victor , Erdlenbruch Katrin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article analyses the scope for individual adaptation to flood risk in the South of France. We collected data concerning the implementation of individual adaptation measures and the willingness to pay for individual and collective measures in a survey of 418 respondents living in two flood‐prone areas. First, we observed the current level of adaptation and compared the willingness to pay for individual versus collective measures. We then analysed the drivers of implementation and of willingness to pay. We then provide a cost–benefit analysis of individual adaptation. The survey results show that, despite willingness to pay for reduced risk, few adaptation measures have been implemented. Perceptions of hazards and of damage are important drivers but have different influences: the first favours the implementation of measures; the second increases willingness to pay for measures. Finally, our cost–benefit analysis suggests that completely dry proofing a house up to a height of one metre may not be economically viable. This calls for the promotion of cheaper and more cost‐efficient measures.
Development of a quantum dots‐based strip immunoassay for the detection of pyrimethanil in fruit and vegetable samples
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Zou Xiaonan , Wang Zhiyu , Wang Ying , Zhang Yi , Liu Zejing , Zhang Tiantian , Wang Yihui , Zhang Guifang , Tian Yunlong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe present a quantum dots (QDs)‐based lateral flow immunoassay for the determination of pyrimethanil in fruit and vegetable samples. This QDs‐based strip immunoassay had a cut‐off value of 25 ng/ml, under optimal conditions; linear calibration for pyrimethanil was obtained in the range of 1.9–13.3 ng/ml. The entire sample detection operation could be completed in 30 min. With the strip assay, vegetable and fruit samples spiked with pyrimethanil were extracted and tested, the average recoveries were ranging from 85.6 to 104.3%, with the coefficient of variation below 15%. The results tested from the strip assay were consistent with that obtained from liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (R2 = .98), indicating the developed QDs‐based strip assay is a convincing and useful tool.
Microglial phagocytosis of neurons in neurodegeneration, and its regulation
Authors: Butler Claire A. , Popescu Alma S. , Kitchener Emily J. A. , Allendorf David H. , Puigdellívol Mar , Brown Guy C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThere is growing evidence that excessive microglial phagocytosis of neurons and synapses contributes to multiple brain pathologies. RNA‐seq and genome‐wide association (GWAS) studies have linked multiple phagocytic genes to neurodegenerative diseases, and knock‐out of phagocytic genes has been found to protect against neurodegeneration in animal models, suggesting that excessive microglial phagocytosis contributes to neurodegeneration. Here, we review recent evidence that microglial phagocytosis of live neurons and synapses causes neurodegeneration in animal models of Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies, Parkinson's disease, frontotemporal dementias, multiple sclerosis, retinal degeneration and neurodegeneration induced by ischaemia, infection or ageing. We also review factors regulating microglial phagocytosis of neurons, including: nucleotides, frackalkine, phosphatidylserine, calreticulin, UDP, CD47, sialylation, complement, galectin‐3, Apolipoprotein E, phagocytic receptors, Siglec receptors, cytokines, microglial epigenetics and expression profile. Some of these factors may be potential treatment targets to prevent neurodegeneration mediated by excessive microglial phagocytosis of live neurons and synapses.
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Evaluation of the Langerhans cells role in vitiligo and its relationship to NB‐UVB
Authors: Shoeib Mohammed , Farag Azza Gaber Antar , Eltorgman Mona , Abdou Asmaa Gaber 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundLangerhans cells (LCs) are antigen‐presenting cells that are characterized by CD1a and CD207/langerin expression. The disturbance in the communication network among keratinocytes, melanocytes, and antigen‐presenting cells may be involved in vitiligo pathogenesis.AimsThe current work aims to detect and quantify LCs in involved skin of patients affected by vitiligo before and after treatment with NB‐UVB using CD1a immunohistochemistry, in addition to correlate percentage of LCs with the clinicopathological parameters.MethodsTwenty vitiligo patients and 10 age and sex matched controls were investigated. Patients were received NB‐UVB thrice weekly for 12 weeks.ResultsThere was a significant reduction in LCs percentage in skin affected by vitiligo before treatment in comparison with normal skin. About 65% (13/20) of vitiligo patients responded to NB‐UVB, and the liability to respond was correlated with LCs percentage in specimens before treatment. However, there was no statistical difference between specimens before and after treatment regarding LCs percentage.ConclusionsReduction in LCs in vitiligo may be a sign of active disease and melanocytes destruction. The percentage of LCs affects response to NB‐UVB since higher percentage is associated with greater response to therapy. Therefore, modulation of LCs as a type of immunotherapy could be beneficial in improvement of vitiligo.
How and when paradoxical leadership benefits work engagement: The role of goal clarity and work autonomy
Authors: Fürstenberg Nils , Alfes Kerstin , Kearney Eric 
Published: February 2021

Paradoxical leadership behaviour (PLB) represents an emerging leadership construct that can help leaders deal with conflicting demands. In this paper, we report three studies that add to this nascent literature theoretically, methodologically, and empirically. In Study 1, we validate an effective short‐form measure of global PLB using three different samples. In Studies 2 and 3, we draw on the job demands–resources model to propose that paradoxical leaders promote followers’ work engagement by simultaneously fostering follower goal clarity and work autonomy. The results of survey data from Studies 2 and 3 largely confirm our model. Specifically, our findings show that PLB is positively associated with follower goal clarity and work autonomy, and that PLB exerts an indirect effect on work engagement via these variables. Moreover, our results support a hypothesized interaction effect of goal clarity and work autonomy to predict followers’ work engagement, as well as a conditional indirect effect of PLB on work engagement via the interactive effect. We discuss the practical implications for leaders and organizations.Practitioner points

To effectively engage followers in their work, leaders should create work environments in which followers know exactly what to do (i.e., have high goal clarity), but at the same time can determine on their own how to do their work (i.e., have high work autonomy)

To foster both goal clarity and work autonomy, leaders should combine communal (e.g., other‐centred, flexibility‐providing) and agentic aspects of leadership (e.g., maintaining decision control and enforcing performance standards).

HR departments should design leadership trainings that help leaders to combine seemingly opposing, yet ultimately synergistic behaviours.
The risk protection and redistribution effects of long‐term care co‐payments
Authors: Wouterse Bram , Hussem Arjen , Wong Albert 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCo‐payments for long‐term care (LTC) can impose a substantial financial burden on the elderly. How this burden is distributed across income groups depends on the design of the co‐payment. We estimate the lifecycle dynamics of LTC using Dutch administrative data. These estimates are inputs in a stochastic lifecycle decision model. Using the model, we analyze the welfare effects of the Dutch income‐ and wealth‐dependent co‐payment system and compare it to alternative systems. We find that the Dutch co‐payment system redistributes income to low‐income groups, who use the most care over their life but contribute the least co‐payments, from high‐income groups, who pay the most. Moreover, the Dutch system protects the middle‐income groups relatively well against financial risk: although alternative co‐payment systems hardly affect these groups average payments, they induce welfare losses of 2% to 4% due to an increased risk of very high co‐payments.
3‐Dprinted texture spoons for food flavor and satiety
Authors: Smith Molly I. , Dando Robin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFoods are perceived when they are eaten through input from the senses, however our sensory modalities (taste, smell, touch, sight, and hearing) do not operate entirely independently. The objective of this study was to test how sensory input from texture, provided extrinsically to the food, impacts taste, and underlying feelings of satiety from food consumption. In order to perturb the perceived texture of a sample without altering the food itself, a set of six 3‐D printed spoons, including a smooth‐textured control, was created. A total of 106 panelists tested samples of yogurt in a consumer test of liking, perceived flavor intensity, and ideal consumption amount. Although no changes in the sample's flavor were reported by the panel, participants displayed small but significant differences in how much they perceived they would eat using the texture spoons, without a significant reduction in liking of the yogurt when consumed from either of the spoons versus control. From these results, a second test (n = 65) compared ad libitum consumption of yogurt on 2 consecutive days, using an un‐textured spoon versus one of the textured 3‐D printed spoons. Although slightly less yogurt was consumed from the textured spoons, differences were not statistically significant versus control.Practical ApplicationsThere is growing interest in the food industry in 3‐D printing. Here, we present 3‐D printed spoons with varying textures, aimed at influencing a product's flavor or satiating properties. Panelists rated their ideal portion sizes to be lower with the spoons, suggesting they may have some utility in portion control.
How has COVID‐19 affected mental health nurses and the delivery of mental health nursing care in the UK? Results of a mixed‐methods study
Authors: Foye Una , Dalton‐Locke Christian , Harju‐Seppänen Jasmine , Lane Rebecca , Beames Lewys , Vera San Juan Norha , Johnson Sonia , Simpson Alan 
Published: February 2021

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

During the COVID‐19 pandemic, there has been research considering the impact on medical healthcare professionals and the mental health needs of the general population. However, limited focus has been placed on mental health services or mental health staff providing care in the community and in hospitals. While nurses make up the largest section of the mental health workforce in the UK, the impact that this pandemic has had on their work has been largely ignored.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

This paper provides a unique insight into the experiences and impact that the COVID‐19 pandemic has had on mental health nurses across a range of community and inpatient settings to understand what has changed in their work and the care they can and do provide during this crisis. This includes exploring how services have changed, the move to remote working, the impact of the protective equipment crisis on nurses and the difficult working conditions facing those in inpatient settings where there is minimal guidance provided.

What are the implications for practice?

By understanding the impact the pandemic has had on mental health nursing care, we can understand the gaps in guidance that exist, the challenges being faced and the impact the crisis has had on care for mental health service users. By doing so, we can plan for the ongoing nature of this pandemic and the aftermath that the crisis may leave for our service users and workforce alike.

AbstractIntroductionWhile evidence has emerged concerning the impact of COVID‐19 on the general population and the challenges facing health services, much less is known regarding how the pandemic has directly affected the delivery of mental health nursing care.AimThis paper aimed to explore how COVID‐19 has affected the ability of mental health nurses to deliver care in community and inpatient mental health services in the UK.MethodWe investigated staff reports regarding the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on mental healthcare and mental health service users in the UK, using a mixed‐methods online survey. A total of 897 nurses across a range of inpatient and community settings participated.DiscussionKey themes within the data explore the following: new ways of working; remote working; risks of infection/infection control challenges; and the impact on service users. Targeted guidelines are required to support mental health nurses providing care and support during a pandemic to people in severe mental distress, often in unsuitable environments.Implications for PracticeService developments need to occur alongside tailored guidance and support for staff welfare supported by clear leadership. These findings identify areas requiring attention and investment to prepare for future crises and the consequences of the pandemic.
Design, synthesis, and evaluation of mono‐carbonyl analogues of curcumin (MCACs) as potential antioxidants against periodontitis
Authors: Zhao Ya , Zheng Zhiwei , Zhang Menghan , Wang Yi , Hu Rongdang , Lin Weijia , Huang Chenyang , Xu Chuchu , Wu Jianzhang , Deng Hui 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground and objectiveThe application of curcumin is limited by its instability. Mono‐carbonyl analogues of curcumin (MCACs) are structurally stable, yet the intermediate bridging ketones in their skeletons account for increased toxicity. This study aimed to synthesize and screen MCACs that exhibit low cytotoxicity and high antioxidant ability, and the effects of MCACs on experimental periodontitis were also investigated.Materials and methodsThe cytotoxicity of MCACs on MC3 T3‐E1 was determined by MTT assay. The antioxidant capacity was investigated by the cell viability against H2O2‐induced damage and the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA). The localization and protein expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) was detected by immunofluorescence and western blot, respectively. In addition, MCAC was intragastrically administrated in rats with ligature‐induced experimental periodontitis. The effects were assessed by bone resorption, as well as the immunohistology staining of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers.ResultsMCACs with cyclopentanone and containing pyrone showed lower toxicity than natural curcumin were synthesized (1A‐10A, 1H‐10H), among which, 1A exhibited the most potent cytoprotective effect against H2O2‐induced damage. Such effects could be explained by the reduced MDA and ROS level, possibly through the nucleus translocation of Nrf2 and the induction of HO‐1. Micro‐CT results further indicated that 1A significantly reduced bone loss, along with an increased level of Nrf2 and HO‐1, and decreased TNF‐α and IL‐1β.ConclusionThe present study has synthesized a novel antioxidant MCAC 1A with good biosafety and stability. MCAC 1A could serve as a host response modulator with preventive and protective effects on periodontitis.
Low plasma taurine levels in English cocker spaniels diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Basili M. , Pedro B. , Hodgkiss‐Geere H. , Navarro‐Cubas X. , Graef N. , Dukes‐McEwan J. 
Published: February 2021

ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to evaluate taurine levels in English cocker spaniels with dilated cardiomyopathy and assess their survival time and natural progression of their disease.Materials and MethodsRetrospective comparison of English cocker spaniels with dilated cardiomyopathy phenotype with and without taurine deficiency at the cardiology department of a UK academic referral centre between 2008 and 2018.ResultsTaurine plasma concentration was available in 16 English cocker spaniels with dilated cardiomyopathy phenotype; 13 of 16 had congestive heart failure and three of 16 did not. Taurine concentration was low (<50 μmol/L) in 13 of 16 and normal in three of 16. Deficient dogs received taurine supplementation in addition to conventional cardiac medications. Eight dogs were still alive at the end of this study and eight were dead. MST for all dogs included in the study was 2800 days. Left ventricular systolic function improved and left ventricular dimensions reduced in English cocker spaniels with taurine deficiency following taurine supplementation and conventional cardiac therapy, although similar results were observed in English cocker spaniels with normal taurine concentration on cardiac therapy alone.Clinical SignificanceBased on laboratory reference intervals, low taurine concentrations were common in English cocker spaniels with dilated cardiomyopathy, showing a possible association between dilated cardiomyopathy in English cocker spaniels and taurine deficiency; supplementation with taurine was not curative.
Severe effects of the COVID‐19 confinement on young children’s sleep: A longitudinal study identifying risk and protective factors
Authors: Markovic Andjela , Mühlematter Christophe , Beaugrand Matthieu , Camos Valérie , Kurth Salome 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 confinement has dramatically altered daily routines, causing decreased sleep quality in adults. This necessitates careful observation, as sleep plays a crucial role in brain maturation and poor sleep increases the risk of psychopathology, particularly in the young population. Through an online survey with one baseline (April 2020) and two follow‐up assessments (May and June 2020), we examined the effect of confinement on sleep quality in 452 babies (0–35 months) and 412 preschool children (36–71 months) from several, mainly European, countries. An acute decrease in sleep quality was found in both groups of children. However, at follow‐up assessments, this effect rebounded to the level reported for the period before the confinement. Importantly, caregiver's stress level was identified as a substantial risk factor determining lower sleep quality in both groups of children across assessments. Protective factors conserving children's sleep quality included caregiver's engagement in mindfulness techniques or childcare, and the presence of siblings and pets. In the near future, we may repeatedly experience the circumstances of abruptly enforced confinement. Our findings reveal promising pathways of action to protect young children's sleep, with which to essentially mitigate the long‐term consequences of the pandemic on brain development and mental health.
Community Found: Young Adult Catholic Identity and Commitment
Authors: Reinhart Rachelle 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article attempts to fill the gap in the sociological literature at the intersection of religion and community by examining how local, urban Catholic churches shape and nurture community commitment. My empirical research shows that the collective identity of young adult Catholics emerges from patterns of religious identity that areactivatedin church settings anddefinedthrough meaningful role identities established by the organizational framing and resonance of clergy leadership. As previous research has shown, participation in church activities and strong social connections within congregations contribute to greater voluntarism and commitment to the larger community. Further, collective efforts achieve greater success if the stated goals relate back to shared collective identities and an aspirational source of shared moral obligation that gives weight to the voluntarist commitment. The example of local Catholic churches highlights the importance of multidimensional social networks that can align collective identities with bespoke calls to action amid the evolving needs and aspirations of multiple groups and constituencies.
Diet composition of the golden jackal Canis aureus in south‐east Europe – a review
Authors: Lange Pauline N. A. M. J. G. , Lelieveld Glenn , De Knegt Henjo J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

The golden jackal Canis aureus is spreading throughout Europe and settling in countries where it has never been found before. Understanding its trophic ecology is increasingly important as it colonises new areas and ecosystems.

This paper aims to review the diet studies that have been performed on the golden jackal in Europe and provide a complete overview of its food intake, feeding behaviour and strategy.

Golden jackals were found to eat mainly small mammals (54% biomass), followed by domestic animals, ungulates and plants; together, these items make up 90% of the golden jackal’s diet. Birds and lagomorphs were also often found in the diet. Domestic animals and ungulates were primarily consumed as carcasses, and not hunted or killed by golden jackals.

The diet composition differs greatly between areas and seasons, which points towards the golden jackal as a highly adaptive opportunistic omnivore, and demonstrates its ability to use many available food resources. The golden jackal provides regulating and maintenance ecosystem services as a scavenger and consumer of crop pests.