bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Levosimendan increases brain tissue oxygen levels after cardiopulmonary resuscitation independent of cardiac function and cerebral perfusion
Authors: García-Bardon Andreas , Kamuf Jens , Ziebart Alexander , Liu Tanghua , Krebs Nadia , Dünges Bastian , Kelm Robert F. , Morsbach Svenja , Mohr Kristin , Heimann Axel , Hartmann Erik K. , Thal Serge C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPrompt reperfusion is important to rescue ischemic tissue; however, the process itself presents a key pathomechanism that contributes to a poor outcome following cardiac arrest. Experimental data have suggested the use of levosimendan to limit ischemia–reperfusion injury by improving cerebral microcirculation. However, recent studies have questioned this effect. The present study aimed to investigate the influence on hemodynamic parameters, cerebral perfusion and oxygenation following cardiac arrest by ventricular fibrillation in juvenile male pigs. Following the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), animals were randomly assigned to levosimendan (12 µg/kg, followed by 0.3 µg/kg/min) or vehicle treatment for 6 h. Levosimendan-treated animals showed significantly higher brain PbtO2 levels. This effect was not accompanied by changes in cardiac output, preload and afterload, arterial blood pressure, or cerebral microcirculation indicating a local effect. Cerebral oxygenation is key to minimizing damage, and thus, current concepts are aimed at improving impaired cardiac output or cerebral perfusion. In the present study, we showed that NIRS does not reliably detect low PbtO2 levels and that levosimendan increases brain oxygen content. Thus, levosimendan may present a promising therapeutic approach to rescue brain tissue at risk following cardiac arrest or ischemic events such as stroke or traumatic brain injury.
Resolving different presynaptic activity patterns within single olfactory glomeruli of Xenopus laevis larvae
Authors: Topci Rodi , Alevra Mihai , Rauf Erik H. U. , de Jong-Bolm Daniëlle 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOlfactory sensing is generally organized into groups of similarly sensing olfactory receptor neurons converging into their corresponding glomerulus, which is thought to behave as a uniform functional unit. It is however unclear to which degree axons within a glomerulus show identical activity, how many converge into a glomerulus, and to answer these questions, how it is possible to visually separate them in live imaging. Here we investigate activity of olfactory receptor neurons and their axon terminals throughout olfactory glomeruli using electrophysiological recordings and rapid 4D calcium imaging. While single olfactory receptor neurons responsive to the same odor stimulus show a diversity of responses in terms of sensitivity and spontaneous firing rate on the level of the somata, their pre-synaptic calcium activity in the glomerulus is homogeneous. In addition, we could not observe the correlated spontaneous calcium activity that is found on the post-synaptic side throughout mitral cell dendrites and has been used in activity correlation imaging. However, it is possible to induce spatio-temporal presynaptic response inhomogeneities by applying trains of olfactory stimuli with varying amino acid concentrations. Automated region-of-interest detection and correlation analysis then visually distinguishes at least two axon subgroups per glomerulus that differ in odor sensitivity.
The energy allocation trade-offs underlying life history traits in hypometabolic strepsirhines and other primates
Authors: Simmen Bruno , Morino Luca , Blanc Stéphane , Garcia Cécile 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLife history, brain size and energy expenditure scale with body mass in mammals but there is little conclusive evidence for a correlated evolution between life history and energy expenditure (either basal/resting or daily) independent of body mass. We addressed this question by examining the relationship between primate free-living daily energy expenditure (DEE) measured by doubly labeled water method (n = 18 species), life history variables (maximum lifespan, gestation and lactation duration, interbirth interval, litter mass, age at first reproduction), resting metabolic rate (RMR) and brain size. We also analyzed whether the hypometabolic primates of Madagascar (lemurs) make distinct energy allocation tradeoffs compared to other primates (monkeys and apes) with different life history traits and ecological constraints. None of the life-history traits correlated with DEE after controlling for body mass and phylogeny. In contrast, a regression model showed that DEE increased with increasing RMR and decreasing reproductive output (i.e., litter mass/interbirth interval) independent of body mass. Despite their low RMR and smaller brains, lemurs had an average DEE remarkably similar to that of haplorhines. The data suggest that lemurs have evolved energy strategies that maximize energy investment to survive in the unusually harsh and unpredictable environments of Madagascar at the expense of reproduction.
Two dimensional V2O3 and its experimental feasibility as robust room-temperature magnetic Chern insulator
Authors: Mellaerts Simon , Meng Ruishen , Menghini Mariela , Afanasiev Valeri , Seo Jin Won , Houssa Michel , Locquet Jean-Pierre 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe possibility of dissipationless chiral edge states without the need of an external magnetic field in the quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) offers a great potential in electronic/spintronic applications. The biggest hurdle for the realization of a room-temperature magnetic Chern insulator is to find a structurally stable material with a sufficiently large energy gap and Curie temperature that can be easily implemented in electronic devices. This work based on first-principle methods shows that a single atomic layer of V2O3 with honeycomb–kagome (HK) lattice is structurally stable with a spin-polarized Dirac cone which gives rise to a room-temperature QAHE by the existence of an atomic on-site spin–orbit coupling (SOC). Moreover, by a strain and substrate study, it was found that the quantum anomalous Hall system is robust against small deformations and can be supported by a graphene substrate.
Decoding brain states on the intrinsic manifold of human brain dynamics across wakefulness and sleep
Authors: Rué-Queralt Joan , Stevner Angus , Tagliazucchi Enzo , Laufs Helmut , Kringelbach Morten L. , Deco Gustavo , Atasoy Selen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCurrent state-of-the-art functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) offers remarkable imaging quality and resolution, yet, the intrinsic dimensionality of brain dynamics in different states (wakefulness, light and deep sleep) remains unknown. Here we present a method to reveal the low dimensional intrinsic manifold underlying human brain dynamics, which is invariant of the high dimensional spatio-temporal representation of the neuroimaging technology. By applying this intrinsic manifold framework to fMRI data acquired in wakefulness and sleep, we reveal the nonlinear differences between wakefulness and three different sleep stages, and successfully decode these different brain states with a mean accuracy across participants of 96%. Remarkably, a further group analysis shows that the intrinsic manifolds of all participants share a common topology. Overall, our results reveal the intrinsic manifold underlying the spatiotemporal dynamics of brain activity and demonstrate how this manifold enables the decoding of different brain states such as wakefulness and various sleep stages.
Edge feature enhancement approach using hilbert transform of Cauchy distribution and its applications
Authors: Wang Ke , Rohde Gustavo K. , Xiao Jian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBuilding on past work showing that the Hilbert transform can be used for edge feature enhancement, a new edge feature enhancement method is developed using a two‐dimensional (2D) isotropic Hilbert transform of the Cauchy distribution. First, both the shape of the Hilbert kernel and the Hilbert transform of edge feature models (step and delta) and various simulated signals result in edge feature enhancement, the properties of which are derived and confirmed. Second, Cauchy distribution as low‐pass filter is introduced in Hilbert transform to get new edge feature enhancement operator, and its efficiency under various criteria is comprehensively discussed. Third, a 2D isotropic extension is presented using a circularly symmetric window function. Finally, two experiments, including edge detection and image segmentation, are performed to validate the proposed edge feature enhancement method. The experimental results of the method applied to the Berkeley Segmentation Dataset and remote sensing images demonstrate that the new method is effective for edge detection and image segmentation.
An internal heating mechanism operating in ultra-short-period planets orbiting magnetically active stars
Authors: Lanza A. F. 
Published: July 2021

Context. Rocky planets with orbital periods shorter than ~1 day have been discovered by the method of transits and their study can provide information on Earth-like planets not available from bodies on longer period orbits.
Aims. A new mechanism for the internal heating of such ultra-short-period planets is proposed based on the gravitational perturbation produced by a non-axisymmetric quadrupole moment of their host stars. Such a quadrupole is due to the magnetic flux tubes in the stellar convection zone, unevenly distributed in longitude and persisting for many stellar rotations as observed in young late-type stars.
Methods. The rotation period of the host star evolves from its shortest value on the zero-age main sequence (ZAMS) to longer periods due to the loss of angular momentum through a magnetized wind. If the stellar rotation period comes close to twice the orbital period of the planet, the quadrupole leads to a spin-orbit resonance that excites oscillations of the star-planet separation. As a consequence, a strong tidal dissipation is produced inside the planet that converts the energy of the oscillations into internal heat. The total heat released inside the planet scales as a−8, where a is the orbit semimajor axis, and it is largely independent of the details of the planetary internal dissipation or the lifetime of the stellar magnetic flux tubes.
Results. We illustrate the operation of the mechanism by modeling the evolution of the stellar rotation and of the innermost planetary orbit under the action of the stellar wind and the tides in the cases of CoRoT-7, Kepler-78, and K2-141 whose present orbital periods range between 0.28 and 0.85 days. If the spin-orbit resonance occurs, the maximum power dissipated inside the planets ranges between 1018 and 1019 W, while the total dissipated energy is on the order of 1030−1032 J over a time interval as short as (1−4.5) × 104 yr.
Conclusions. Our illustrative models suggest that, if their host stars started their evolution on the ZAMS as fast rotators with periods between 0.5 and 1.0 days, the resonance occurred after about 40 Myr since the host stars settled on the ZAMS in all the three cases. This huge heating over such a short time interval produces a complete melting of the planetary interiors and may shut off their hydromagnetic dynamos. These may initiate a successive phase of intense internal heating owing to unipolar magnetic star-planet interactions and affect the composition and the escape of their atmospheres, producing effects that could be observable during the entire lifetime of the planets.
L’acte d’écriture chez Joyce
Authors: Safouan Moustapha 
Published: July 2021

Pour Joyce, la raclée qu’il a eu de ses camarades n’est pas un événement, il a « laissé tomber le corps comme une pelure ». Son image inconsciente du corps n’y est pas. Ce qui fait dire à Lacan que l’imaginaire n’est pas noué au réel et à l’inconscient chez Joyce. Mais alors, comment le corps à la lettre ? La réponse de Lacan se trouve dans les fameuses épiphanies de Joyce, qui, comme le dit à sa façon Moustapha Safouan, permettent un nouage entre le réel et l’inconscient.
Begutachtung des Restless-legs-Syndroms
Authors: Happe Svenja , Kotterba Sylvia , Heidbreder Anna , Kallweit Ulf , Mayer Geert , Benes Heike , Hornyak Magdolna 
Published: July 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDas Restless-legs-Syndrom (RLS) ist eine der häufigsten neurologischen Erkrankungen. Gutachterliche Fragestellungen bei RLS-Patienten nehmen seit den vergangenen Jahren stetig zu. Daher hat die AG Motorik und Schlaf der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Schlafforschung und Schlafmedizin (DGSM) 2006 erstmals Empfehlungen zur Begutachtung und sozialmedizinischen Einschätzung des RLS erarbeitet. Im Folgenden werden die spezifischen Empfehlungen zur Beurteilung des RLS im Rahmen gutachterlicher Verfahren in einer Neubearbeitung vorgestellt. Diese Empfehlungen stellen eine Grundlage zur Vereinheitlichung und Qualitätssicherung in der Begutachtung des RLS dar, sie sollen jedoch nicht in die individuelle Freiheit und Verantwortung des jeweils beauftragten Gutachters eingreifen. Da bisher keine evidenzbasierten Studien über das RLS vorliegen, die die Besonderheiten der gutachterlichen Situation berücksichtigen, sind diese Empfehlungen als Konsensusdokument konzipiert.
Differenzialdiagnostik und Therapie von Hypersomnolenz-Erkrankungen
Authors: Mevers Claudia , Kallweit Ulf 
Published: July 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGTagesschläfrigkeit stellt ein häufiges und die Leistungsfähigkeit und Lebensqualität einschränkendes Symptom dar. Die Ursachen für Tagesschläfrigkeit (EDS) sind vielfältig und beinhalten zentralnervöse Erkrankungen mit Hypersomnolenz wie die Narkolepsie oder idiopathische Hypersomnie. Eine Differenzierung von Tagesmüdigkeit, EDS und Hypersomnie stellt eine wichtige Grundlage für eine erfolgreiche Diagnosestellung und somit der weiteren Behandlung dar. Die Diagnostik erfolgt im Wesentlichen klinisch-anamnestisch sowie durch schlafmedizinische Untersuchungen. Narkolepsie ist eine seltene (auto-)immunvermittelte neurologische Erkrankung und geht u. a. mit einer schweren Störung von Wachheit und Schlaf einher. Die Behandlung beinhaltet verhaltenstherapeutische Maßnahmen und eine symptomatische medikamentöse Behandlung.
Zirkadiane Schlaf-Wach-Rhythmusstörungen
Authors: Rodenbeck Andrea 
Published: July 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGZirkadiane Schlaf-Wach-Rhythmusstörungen beruhen auf einer Diskrepanz zwischen der individuellen intrinsischen Schlaf-Wach-Rhythmik und dem äußeren Hell-Dunkel-Wechsel bzw. den gegebenen sozialen Anforderungen. Dabei ist die zeitliche Verteilung des Schlafens und Wachens innerhalb des 24-Stunden-Tages verändert, der Schlaf selbst ist ungestört und erholsam, sofern die Betroffenen ihrer intrinsischen Schlaf-Wach-Rhythmik folgen können. Es bestehen transiente, extern bedingte (Schichtarbeitsstörung, Jetlag) und chronisch-intrinsische Störungen innerhalb dieser Diagnosegruppe. Von hoher klinischer Relevanz sind das unregelmäßige Schlaf-Wach-Muster bei demenziellen Syndromen, die freilaufende Schlaf-Wach-Rhythmik bei Blinden, die verzögerte Schlafphase bei Jugendlichen und die Schichtarbeitsstörung. Eine frühzeitige adäquate Diagnostik mittels Schlaf-Wach-Tagebuch und Aktigrafie über mindestens 14 Tage hilft, jahrelange Fehldiagnosen zu vermeiden und ggf. Chronifizierungen zu verhindern. Therapeutisch kommen bei den chronischen Formen vor allem melatonerge Substanzen und Lichttherapie sowie multimodale Ansätze in Betracht.
Opticopathy Caused by Endoprosthesis-Related Cobalt Intoxication
Authors: Bodenbender Jan-Philipp , Schubert Florian , Paul Christoph 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCobalt intoxication is a rare cause of toxic opticopathy, and may be caused by metal endoprostheses. Since its clinical appearance is unspecific and the incidence low, diagnosis is challenging. Due to the dramatic consequences of delayed treatment, cobalt intoxication should be considered as a rare differential diagnosis of bilateral loss of vision in patients with appropriate history.
Verwendung differenzierter Beatmungsstrategien in der präklinischen Notfallmedizin in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland
Authors: Jansen Gerrit , Kappelhoff Nils , Scholz Sean , Rehberg Sebastian , Borgstedt Rainer 
Published: July 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht den präklinischen Einsatz differenzierter Beatmungsstrategien in Deutschland.
Methodik Onlinebefragung deutscher Notärzte nach Verfügbarkeit moderner Respiratoren, regelhaft verwendeten Beatmungseinstellungen, Monitoring und Zielparametern der Ventilation.
Ergebnisse Die Verfügbarkeit moderner Notfallrespiratoren betrug 95%. Regelhafte Abweichungen von den Leitlinien zur Beatmung wurden von 68% angegeben und betrafen positiven
endexspiratorischer Druck (19%), Tidalvolumen (13%), Spitzendruck (3%) Atemfrequenz (2%). 90% verwendeten regelmäßig die Kapnografie. 82% steuerten den inspiratorischen Sauerstoffgehalt
anhand der Sauerstoffsättigung. Eine Inverse-Ratio-Ventilation wurde regelmäßig von 9% verwendet.
Schlussfolgerung Abweichungen von leitliniengerechten Beatmungseinstellungen und -Monitoring sind häufig. Die aus der Intensivmedizin stammenden Empfehlungen sollten präklinisch auf
Anwendbarkeit evaluiert und ggf. adaptiert werden.
Frühdiagnose des Pankreaskarzinoms – Die Rolle von Endosonografie und Sonografie
Authors: Schorr Friedrich , Essig Manfred Walter 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungPankreaskarzinome sind im Vergleich zu anderen Tumorarten relativ selten, die Prognose ist aber weiterhin schlecht, da die Tumoren meist in einem fortgeschrittenen Stadium diagnostiziert werden. Eine Frühdiagnostik wäre für das Überleben sinnvoll, ein generelles Screening ist für die Allgemeinbevölkerung aufgrund der niedrigen Prävalenz nicht möglich. Ein Screening ist nur für spezielle Risikogruppen mit einem hohen/erhöhten Karzinomrisiko (Keimbahnmutationen, familiäres Pankreaskarzinom, muzinöse zystische Pankreastumoren) etabliert. Weitere Risikokonstellationen (Pankreatitis, Diabetes mellitus, Zigaretten- und Alkoholabusus) sollten jedoch beachtet werden, um frühe Neoplasien nicht zu übersehen. Bedeutung kommt insbesondere der transabdominellen Ultraschalluntersuchung als weit verbreitetem erstem Untersuchungsverfahren zu. Damit können bereits erste Verdachtsmomente mit hoher Sensitivität beschrieben und der Tumorverdacht kann durch Einsatz von Ultraschallkontrastmittel erhärtet werden. Die Endosonografie hat in der weiteren Diagnostik eine herausragende Bedeutung. Durch zusätzliche Verfahren mit Einsatz von Ultraschallkontrastmittel, Elastografie und Feinnadelpunktion ist in der Regel eine definitive Klärung mit hoher Sensitivität und Spezifität möglich mit dem Ziel, die bislang schlechte Prognose des Pankreaskarzinoms weiter zu verbessern.
Multi-Class UHPLC-MS/MS Method for Plant Toxins and Cyanotoxins in Food Supplements and Application for Belgian Market Samples
Authors: Van Pamel Els , Henrottin Jean , Van Poucke Christof , Gillard Nathalie , Daeseleire Els 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe presence of plant toxins and/or cyanotoxins in food supplements implies consumer health risks. Therefore, a targeted ultra-high performance liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric method to detect/quantify 25 toxins simultaneously in food supplement formulations was developed and validated. Full validation for tablets/powders and secondary validation for a liquid and soft gel capsule indicated that most compounds were efficiently extracted (≥ 75%), while others were only partly extracted (18 – 61%). Trueness was fulfilled (70 – 120%), with some exceptions (mostly at the lowest validation level). Intralaboratory repeatability, intra- and interlaboratory reproducibility values of ≤ 20%, ≤ 25%, and ≤ 25% were obtained for most, respectively. Matrix effects were found to be significant for most compounds. Good sensitivity (µg/kg level) was observed for galegin(e), lycopsamine, lycorine, rubiadin, skimmiamine, and vascin(e), in contrast to helveticoside, lucidin,
lucidin-3-primveroside, plumbagin(e), and thujone, which were detected at the mg/kg level. The other compounds were characterized by a sensitivity between 10 to 1000 µg/kg. The validated methodology was applied for 52 food supplements (tablets, capsules, liquids/syrup, etc.) purchased from the Belgian market. In more than 25% of the samples, one or more toxins were detected (concentrations determined using standard addition). Lycopsamine, microcystin LR, solamargine, thujone, and vasicin(e) were the most frequently detected toxins. A clear link between the toxins detected and the plant species on the food supplement ingredient list could not always be established. This generic “dilute-and-shoot” procedure can be used for further research on toxins in food supplements and by extension other plant/algae-based food/feed commodities (herbs, edible flowers, etc.).
Development and Validation of a Useful Taxonomy of Patient Portals Based on Characteristics of Patient Engagement
Authors: Glöggler Michael , Ammenwerth Elske 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective Taxonomies are classification systems used to reduce complexity and better understand a domain. The present research aims to develop a useful taxonomy for health information managers to classify and compare patient portals based on characteristics appropriate to promote patient engagement. As a result, the taxonomy should contribute to understanding the differences and similarities of the portals. Further, the taxonomy shall support health information managers to more easily define which general type and functionalities of patient portals they need and to select the most suitable solution offered on the market.
Methods We followed the formal taxonomy-building method proposed by Nickerson et al. Based on a literature review, we created a preliminary taxonomy following the conceptional approach of the model. We then evaluated each taxa's appropriateness by analyzing and classifying 17 patient portals offered by software vendors and 11 patient portals offered by health care providers. After each iteration, we examined the achievement of the determined objective and subjective ending conditions.
Results After two conceptional approaches to create our taxonomy, and two empirical approaches to evaluate it, the final taxonomy consists of 20 dimensions and 49 characteristics. To make the taxonomy easy to comprehend, we assigned to the dimensions seven aspects related to patient engagement. These aspects are (1) portal design, (2) management, (3) communication, (4) instruction, (5) self-management, (6) self-determination, and (7) data management. The taxonomy is considered finished and useful after all ending conditions that defined beforehand have been fulfilled. We demonstrated that the taxonomy serves to understand the differences and similarities by comparing patient portals. We call our taxonomy “Taxonomy of Patient Portals based on Characteristics of Patient Engagement (TOPCOP).”
Conclusion We developed the first useful taxonomy for health information managers to classify and compare patient portals. The taxonomy is based on characteristics promoting patient engagement. With 20 dimensions and 49 characteristics, our taxonomy is particularly suitable to discriminate among patient portals and can easily be applied to compare portals. The TOPCOP taxonomy enables health information managers to better understand the differences and similarities of patient portals. Further, the taxonomy may help them to define the type and general functionalities needed. But it also supports them in searching and comparing patient portals offered on the market to select the most suitable solution.