bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconfigurable bandpass optical filters based on subwavelength grating waveguides with a Ge2Sb2 Te5 cavity
Authors: Badri S. Hadi , Gilarlue M. M. , Farkoush Saeid Gholami , Rhee Sang-Bong 
Published: March 2021

We demonstrate a reconfigurable optical bandpass filter based on subwavelength grating (SWG) waveguide operating in the Bragg reflection regime and integrated with a cavity of the phase-change material

G
e

2

S
b

2

T
e

5

(GST). Partial crystallization of GST provides us with an efficient tool to modify the effective optical properties of the GST governed by the effective medium theory. Consequently, the resonance wavelength as well as the transmission peak can be tuned in the designed filters. Numerical simulations indicate that the presented SWG waveguide with a single GST cavity offers up to 8.8 nm redshift while the transmission amplitude can be modulated from 0.544 to 0.007. The presented Fabry–Perot structure can also be used as a nonvolatile optical switch with a high extinction ratio of about 24 dB at the wavelength of 1548.3 nm.
Alcohol consumption and neurocognitive deficits in people with well-treated HIV in Switzerland
Authors: Darling Katharine E. A. , Locatelli Isabella , Benghalem Nadia , Nadin Isaure , Calmy Alexandra , Gutbrod Klemens , Hauser Christoph , Brugger Peter , Hasse Barbara , Kovari Helen , Kunze Ursi , Stoeckle Marcel , Fux Christophe , Rossi Stefania , Di Benedetto Caroline , Früh Severin , Schmid Patrick , Tarr Philip E. , Daeppen Jean-Bernard , Du Pasquier Renaud , Cavassini Matthias ,   on behalf of the NAMACO Study Group, Swiss HIV Cohort Study
Published: March 2021

BackgroundHazardous alcohol consumption and HIV infection increase the risk of neurocognitive impairment (NCI). We examined the association between alcohol consumption and specific neurocognitive domain function in people with HIV (PWH) taking modern antiretroviral therapy.MethodsThe Neurocognitive Assessment in the Metabolic and Aging Cohort (NAMACO) study is a prospective, longitudinal, multicentre and multilingual (French, German and Italian) study of patients aged ≥45 years old enrolled in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS). Baseline data from 981 study participants were examined. Five neurocognitive domains were evaluated: motor skills, speed of information processing, attention/working memory, executive function and verbal episodic memory. NCI was examined as binary (presence/absence) and continuous (mean z-score) outcomes against Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test for Consumption (AUDIT-C) scores using logistic and linear regression models, respectively.ResultsMost participants (96.2%) had undetectable viral loads and 64% were aged >50 years old. Hazardous alcohol consumption was observed in 49.4% of participants and binge drinking in 4.2%. While alcohol consumption frequency and quantity were not associated with NCI, the practice of binge drinking was significantly associated with impaired motor skills and overall neurocognitive function in both binary (odds ratio, OR ≥2.0,P<0.05) and continuous (mean z-score difference -0.2 to -0.4,P≤0.01) outcomes. A significant U-shaped distribution of AUDIT-C score was also observed for motor skills and overall neurocognitive function.ConclusionsIn this cohort of PWH with well-controlled HIV infection, NCI was associated with the practice of binge drinking rather than alcohol consumption frequency or quantity. Longitudinal analysis of alcohol consumption and NCI in this population is currently underway.
National noncommunicable disease monitoring survey (NNMS) in India: Estimating risk factor prevalence in adult population
Authors: Mathur Prashant , Kulothungan Vaitheeswaran , Leburu Sravya , Krishnan Anand , Chaturvedi Himanshu Kumar , Salve Harshal Ramesh , Amarchand Ritvik , Nongkynrih Baridalyne , Kumar P. Ganesh , K. S. Vinay Urs , Ramakrishnan Lakshmy , Laxmaiah A. , Boruah Manjit , Kumar Sanjeev , Patro Binod Kumar , Raghav Pankaja Ravi , Rajkumar Prabu , Sarma P. Sankara , Sharma Rinku , Tambe Muralidhar , Thankappan K. R. , Arlappa N. , Mahanta Tulika Goswami , Joshi Rajnish P. , Rustagi Neeti , Gupta Sonia , Behera Binod Kumar , Shelke Sangita Chandrakant , Galhotra Abhiruchi , Bhuyan Pranab Jyoti , Pakhare Abhijit P. , Kumar Dewesh , Topno Roshan K. , Gupta Manoj Kumar , Trivedi Atulkumar V. , Garg Suneela 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundThe primary objective of National NCD monitoring survey (NNMS) was to generate national-level estimates of key NCD indicators identified in the national NCD monitoring framework. This paper describes survey study protocol and prevalence of risk factors among adults (18–69 years).Materials and methodsNNMS was a national level cross-sectional survey conducted during 2017–18. The estimated sample size was 12,000 households from 600 primary sampling units. One adult (18–69 years) per household was selected using the World Health Organization-KISH grid. The study tools were adapted from WHO-STEPwise approach to NCD risk factor surveillance, IDSP-NCD risk factor survey and WHO-Global adult tobacco survey. Total of 8/10 indicators of adult NCD risk factors according to national NCD disease monitoring framework was studied. This survey for the first time estimated dietary intake of salt intake of population at a national level from spot urine samples.ResultsTotal of 11139 households and 10659 adults completed the survey. Prevalence of tobacco and alcohol use was 32.8% (95% CI: 30.8–35.0) and 15.9% (95% CI: 14.2–17.7) respectively. More than one-third adults were physically inactive [41.3% (95% CI: 39.4–43.3)], majority [98.4% (95% CI: 97.8–98.8)] consumed less than 5 servings of fruits and / or vegetables per day and mean salt intake was 8 g/day (95% CI: 7.8–8.2). Proportion with raised blood pressure and raised blood glucose were 28.5% (95% CI: 27.0–30.1) and 9.3% (95% CI: 8.3–10.5) respectively. 12.8% (95% CI: 11.2–14.5) of adults (40–69 years) had ten-year CVD risk of ≥30% or with existing CVD.ConclusionNNMS was the first comprehensive national survey providing relevant data to assess India’s progress towards targets in National NCD monitoring framework and NCD Action Plan. Established methodology and findings from survey would contribute to plan future state-based surveys and also frame policies for prevention and control of NCDs.
Complications following equine sacroiliac region analgesia are uncommon: A study in 118 horses
Authors: Offord Samuel C. J. , Read Rachel M. , Pudney Camilla J. , Bathe Andrew P. 
Published: March 2021

Background
Diagnosis of sacroiliac region pain is supported by a positive response to sacroiliac region analgesia (SIRA). Varying techniques have been described for SIRA; with clinician preference often dictating method. Potential complications following SIRA include ataxia and recumbency. No study has specifically evaluated the prevalence of complications.

Objectives
To describe the complication prevalence following SIRA in a referral clinic.

Study design
Retrospective cohort study.

Methods
Review of records from horses presented to two of the authors at Rossdales, Newmarket, between January 2014 and December 2018, that underwent SIRA. Injection was performed using a blind midline approach with 20 mL mepivacaine (Intra-Epicaine 20mg/ml; Dechra) infiltrated through a straight 18 gauge 8.9cm spinal needle subdivided into four sub-locations per block.

Results
118 horses were included, with 167 individual blocks. One horse showed a mild hindlimb gait abnormality following SIRA, which resolved uneventfully over 3 hours; complication rate 1/118 horses (0.85%; 95% CI: 0,2.5%), 1/167 joints (0.60%; 95% CI: 0,1.8%). SIRA subjectively improved lameness/performance in 132/167 (79%) joints. 49/118 (42%) received bilateral SIRA with 53/118 (45%) evaluated ridden following SIRA.

Main limitations
Small population numbers with low complication prevalence rate.

Conclusions
SIRA, using the described technique, has a low (0.85%) prevalence of complications.
Magnitude and associated factors of peripheral cytopenia among HIV-infected children attending at University of Gondar Specialized Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Bayleyegn Biruk , Woldu Berhanu , Yalew Aregawi , Asrie Fikir 
Published: March 2021

Background
Isolated or multi lineage cytopenia are the most common clinicopathological features and independently associated with increased risk of disease progression and death among human immunodeficiency virus infected children. In the study area, there is scarcity of data about the magnitude of various cytopenia.

Objectives
Aimed to determine the magnitude and associated factors of peripheral cytopenia among HIV infected children at the University of Gondar Specialized Referral Hospital ART clinic, Northwest Ethiopia.

Methods
Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted on 255 HIV infected children from January- April 2020. None probable convenient sampling technique was used to select the study participant. Socio demographic data were collected by pre tested structured questionnaire via face-to-face interview and their medical data were obtained from their follow-up medical records. Moreover, blood specimens were collected and examined for complete blood count, viral load and blood film, whereas stool specimens were collected and examined for intestinal parasites. Bi-variable and multi-variable logistic regression models were fitted to identify associated factors of cytopenia. P-Value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Result
The overall magnitude of peripheral cytopenia was 38.9%. Anemia, leukopenia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia and bi-cytopenia were 21.2%, 12.2%, 11%, 1.6% and 3.9% respectively. Being in the age group of 2–10 years (AOR = 5.38, 95%CI 2.33–12.46), AZT based regimen (AOR = 5.44, 95%CI: 2.24–13.21), no eating green vegetables (AOR = 2.49, 95% CI: 1.26–4.92) and having plasma viral load >1000 copies /ml (AOR = 5.38, 95%CI: 2.22–13.03) showed significant association with anemia.

Conclusion
Anemia was the predominant peripheral cytopenia among HIV infected children in this study. It was strongly associated with AZT based drug type, age below 10 years and high viral load. Critical stress should be given for early investigation and management of cytopenia in addition to the use of alternative drug which leads to higher viral suppression and lower risk of toxicity issue.
Combined pre- and post-capillary pulmonary hypertension: The clinical implications for patients with heart failure
Authors: Ibe Tatsuro , Wada Hiroshi , Sakakura Kenichi , Ugata Yusuke , Maki Hisataka , Yamamoto Kei , Seguchi Masaru , Taniguchi Yousuke , Jinnouchi Hiroyuki , Momomura Shin-ichi , Fujita Hideo 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundThe prognostic implications of combined pre- and post-capillary pulmonary hypertension (Cpc-PH) in patients with pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease (PH-LHD) remain controversial. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the new PH-LHD criteria, recommended by the 6th World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension and to determine the prognostic value of Cpc-PH.MethodsA total of 701 patients with symptomatic heart failure who had undergone right-heart catheterization were divided into the following four groups: (i) Isolated post-capillary PH (Ipc-PH) group; mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) >20 mmHg, pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) >15 mmHg, and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) <3 Wood units (WU) (ii) Cpc-PH group; mPAP >20 mmHg, PAWP >15 mmHg, and PVR ≥3 WU (iii) borderline-PH group; mPAP >20 mmHg and PAWP ≤15 mmHg (iv) non-PH group; mPAP ≤20 mmHg. Multivariate Cox hazard analysis was used to investigate whether Cpc-PH was associated with cardiac outcomes.ResultsThe study subjects were allocated into the Ipc-PH (n = 268), Cpc-PH (n = 54), borderline-PH (n = 112), or non-PH (n = 267) groups. The Cpc-PH group was associated significantly with adverse cardiac events even after adjustment for clinically relevant confounding factors for heart failure prognosis (vs. non-PH group: HR 2.98 [95% CI 1.81–4.90],P<0.001; vs. Ipc-PH group: HR: 1.92 [95% CI 1.19–3.08],P= 0.007).ConclusionsThe new definitions of PH-LHD stratified patients into 4 categories. Long-term clinical outcomes were significantly different between the four categories, with Cpc-PH having the worst cardiac outcomes.
The use of deep recurrent neural networks to predict performance of photovoltaic system for charging electric vehicles
Authors: Małek Arkadiusz , Marciniak Andrzej 
Published: March 2021

AbstractElectric vehicles are fully ecological means of transport only when the electricity required to charge them comes from Renewable Energy Sources (RES). When building a photovoltaic carport, the complex of its functions must consider the power consumption necessary to charge an electric vehicle. The performance of the photovoltaic system depends on the season and on the intensity of the sunlight, which in turn depends on the geographical conditions and the current weather. This means that even a large photovoltaic system is not always able to generate the amount of energy required to charge an electric vehicle. The problem discussed in the article is maximization of the share of renewable energy in the process of charging of electric vehicle batteries. Deep recurrent neural networks (RNN) trained on the past data collected by performance monitoring system can be applied to predict the future performance of the photovoltaic system. The accuracy of the presented forecast is sufficient to manage the process of the distribution of energy produced from renewable energy sources. The purpose of the numerical calculations is to maximize the use of the energy produced by the photovoltaic system for charging electric cars.
Molecular, Electronic, Nonlinear Optical and Spectroscopic Analysis of Heterocyclic 3-Substituted-4-(3-methyl-2-thienylmethyleneamino)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ones: Experiment and DFT Calculations
Authors: Beytur Murat , Avinca Ihsan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the present study, 3-p-methoxybenzyl/m-chlorobenzyl/phenyl-4-(3-methyl-2-thienylmethyleneamino)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ones were obtained from the reaction between 3-methylthiophene-2-carbaldehyde and three different 4-amino-(3-p-methoxybenzyl/m-chlorobenzyl/phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-ones. In order to compare experimental and theoretical values, the geometric parameter, electronic, nonlinear optical properties, molecular electrostatic potentials and spectroscopic properties of 3-substituted-4-(3-methyl-2-thienylmethyleneamino)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ones have been simulated. The electronic properties of the newly synthesized compounds were calculated using DFT/B3LYP and DFT/B3PW91 methods revealing parameters such as ionization potential, electron affinity, energy gap, electronegativity, molecular hardness, molecular softness, electrophilic index, nucleophilic index and chemical potential, all obtained from HOMO and LUMO energies, dipole moments and total energies. UV-visible absorption spectra and the stimulation contributions in UV-visible transitions were obtained by using TD-DFT/B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) and TD-DFT/B3PW91/6-311G(d,p) methods in ethanol. The calculated absorption wavelengths, oscillator power and excitation energies were compared with experimental values. In line with DFT, the numbers of molecular vibration were analyzed through the basis set of 6-311G(d,p). The recording of FT-IR frequencies was done for the pertinent compound. The recorded frequencies through DFT/B3LYP and DFT/B3PW91 methods were compared to experimental values, with a result gained closest to the values of B3LYP. Finally, the Gaussian09W program package in DMSO phase, starting from the optimized structure, has been instrumental in calculating the 13C-NMR and 1H-NMR chemical shift values of the GIAO method.
Distributional Weights in Benefit-Cost Analysis: Examples from Rwanda and Uganda
Authors: Moss Charles B. , Schmitz Andrew 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The question of how to allocate scarce agricultural research and development dollars is significant for developing countries. Historically, benefit/cost analysis has been the standard for comparing the relative benefits of alternative investments. We examine the potential of shifting the implicit equal weights approach to benefit/cost analysis, as well as how a systematic variation in welfare weights may affect different groups important to policy makers. For example, in the case of Rwandan coffee, a shift in the welfare weights that would favor small coffee producers in Rwanda over foreign consumers of Rwandan coffee would increase the support for investments in small producer coffee projects. Generally, changes in welfare weights alter the ordering for selecting investments across alternative projects.
Logic gates based on optical transistors
Authors: Gupta Naveen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper a simple and novel scheme to develop optical logic gates for fast switching. This can be obtained by sending two laser beams coaxially through nonlinear media with saturating nonlinearity. The nonlinearity in the optical properties on the medium is assumed to be cubic quintic nonlinearity. Semianalytical solutions of the wave equations for the fields of incident laser beams have been obtained by using a variational formalism. Emphasis are put on dynamical variations of beam widths of the laser beams with distance of propagation through the medium. It has been found that the weak beam modulates the intensity variations of the strong beam that giving rise to the possibility of an optical transistor. Combinations of these optical transistors can further be used to obtain logic gates.
The Philadelphia surgery conference: a value analysis of a hands-on surgical skill-building event
Authors: DiPasquale Luke , Libera Robert , Do-Nguyen Chi Chi , Brehman Elizabeth , Tatagari Vishwant , Waring Heather , Appelt Denah , Sesso Arthur 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Context
Limited opportunities exist to practice technical skills and to be exposed to various surgical specialties during preclinical medical education.

Objectives
To assess the value of workshop-based educational opportunities to medical students during preclinical training.

Methods
One hundred and 75 medical and physician assistant students from 10 medical schools attended the 2019 Philadelphia Surgery Conference. All students received STOP THE BLEED® bleeding control training and participated in four workshops, chosen from a list of 23, that demonstrated a variety of surgical skills. Data collection was accomplished using both a pre- and postconference survey to assess changes in confidence of personal capabilities, knowledge base, and opinions regarding preclinical medical training.

Results
Preconference survey results indicated low baseline confidence in personal surgical skills (mean [SD], 1.9 [1.0], on a Likert scale of 1–5), and knowledge of various surgical specialties (2.7 [1.0]). Students highly valued skill-building experiences (mean [SD], 4.2 [1.1]) and face-to-face interactions with resident and attending physicians (4.4 [0.9]). Postconference survey analysis demonstrated increased confidence in surgical ability by 52.6% (mean [SD], 2.9 [1.0]; p<0.001) and knowledge base by 34.6% (3.5 [0.8]; p<0.001). Value scores increased for both preclinical surgical skill-building opportunities (mean [SD], 4.4 [0.9]; p=0.014) and interactions with resident and attending physicians (4.7 [0.6]; p=0.002).

Conclusions
The Philadelphia Surgery Conference provided a highly valuable experience to participating students, increasing confidence in personal knowledge base and surgical skills while facilitating a collaboration between students and resident and attending physicians from various surgical specialties.
Karyotype is associated with timing of ovarian failure in women with Turner syndrome
Authors: Fitz Victoria W. , Law Jennifer R. , Peavey Mary 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objective
To characterize the age of ovarian failure in Turner Syndrome (TS) patients by karyotype.

Methods
Retrospective cohort study of individuals with TS at an academic university hospital. Subjects were seen in TS Clinic at UNC Hospital between 2014 and 2018. Individuals were analyzed by karyotype category (45X, 45X/46XX mosaicism, miscellaneous) and percentage of 45X cells. Age at follicle-stimulating hormone> 30 was defined as the age at loss of ovarian function.

Results
A total of 79 patients were identified after excluding individuals with unknown ovarian function and those with Y chromosome material. Thirty-eight percent were 45X monosomic, 62% were 45X/46XX mosaic or miscellaneous karyotypes. Fifty-five of 79 (70%) patients had evidence of ovarian failure, median age of failure 11 years (IQR: 4,12). Ovarian failure was more prevalent among individuals with 45X karyotype (100%). The median age of ovarian failure for 45X patients (n=30) was 10 years old, which is significantly younger than other karyotypes (n=49), with a median of 15 years, p<0.01. Linear regression analysis found that 1 percentage point increase in 45X cells in the peripheral karyotype is associated with a 0.09 year decrease in age of ovarian failure (p value=0.01). Only 9% of individuals were referred for fertility counseling.

Conclusions
There is a lower prevalence of ovarian failure among individuals with mosaic TS karyotypes, and referral rate for fertility counseling of patients with TS is low. These findings are in line with published literature. The finding that percentage of 45X cells in peripheral karyotype is associated with earlier age of ovarian failure is novel and warrants further investigation in a larger prospective cohort.
Organisations as Computing Systems
Authors: Strohmaier David 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOrganisations are computing systems. The university’s sports centre is a computing system for managing sports teams and facilities. The tenure committee is a computing system for assigning tenure status. Despite an increasing number of publications in group ontology, the computational nature of organisations has not been recognised. The present paper is the first in this debate to propose a theory of organisations as groups structured for computing. I begin by describing the current situation in group ontology and by spelling out the thesis in more detail. I then present the example of a sports centre to illustrate why one might intuitively think of organisations as computing systems. To substantiate the thesis, I introduce Piccinini’s restrictive analysis of physical computation. As I show, organisations meet all criteria for being computing systems. Organisations are structured groups with the function of manipulating medium-independent vehicles according to rules. Furthermore, I argue for the modal claim that this is a necessary feature of organisations. Having sketched the computational account of organisations, I compare it to other proposals in the literature.
Everybody to Count for One? Inclusion and Exclusion in Welfare-Consequentialist Public Policy
Authors: Semple Noel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWhich individuals should count in a welfare-consequentialist analysis of public policy? Some answers to this question are parochial, and others are more inclusive. The most inclusive possible answer is ‘everybody to count for one.’ In other words, all individuals who are capable of having welfare – including foreigners, the unborn, and non-human animals – should be weighed equally. This article argues that ‘who should count’ is a question that requires a two-level answer. On the first level, a specification of welfare-consequentialism serves as an ethical ideal, a claim about the attributes that the ideal policy would have. ‘Everybody to count for one’ might succeed on this level. However, on the second level is the welfare-consequentialist analysis procedure used by human analysts to give advice on real policy questions. For epistemic reasons, the analysis procedure should be more parochial than ‘everybody to count for one.’