bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Separation, Identification, and Characterization of Transformation Products Related to Relugolix Upon Subjecting to In Vitro Gastrointestinal Fluids Utilizing Liquid Chromatography, Mass Spectrometry, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Golla Vijaya Madhyanapu , Chary Padakanti Sandeep , Naik Dhanavath Dattu , Pilli Pushpa , Kommalapati Hema Sree , Ramteke Aman , Mehra Neelesh Kumar , Samanthula Gananadhamu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the gastrointestinal stability of relugolix, a biopharmaceutical classification system Class IV drug. Relugolix was found to be unstable in simulated gastric fluid but stable in simulated intestinal fluid and fed‐state–simulated gastric fluid. The high‐performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for separating the drug and its transformation products. The optimized method comprises mobile phase ammonium acetate (pH 4.75) as Solvent A and acetonitrile as Solvent B. A Phenomenex Gemini C18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) column was used as the stationary phase. The transformation product, desmethyl relugolix, was identified and characterized using high‐resolution mass spectrometric and nuclear magnetic spectroscopic studies by enriching the compound using forced degradation studies under acidic stress hydrolytic conditions. Sodium alginate microspheres were prepared and evaluated to improve relugolix stability in the stomach. Additionally, gastrointestinal stability studies demonstrated that the microspheres protected relugolix from degradation in simulated gastric fluid. In silico analysis predicted minimal toxicity risks for both relugolix and desmethyl relugolix. These findings suggest that relugolix sodium alginate microspheres could be a promising strategy to mitigate the formation of desmethyl relugolix by protecting it from degradation in the stomach's acidic environment.
Post Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Pancreatitis: Novel Mechanisms and Prevention by Drugs
Authors: Akshintala Venkata S. , Boparai Ibadat S. , Barakat Monique T. , Husain Sohail Z. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTEndoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is becoming more common than first‐line therapy for pancreaticobiliary duct disorders. However, post‐ERCP pancreatitis is the most common complication of ERCPs, and affects about 10% of cases. In this review, we provide an overview of the mechanisms purported to cause post‐ERCP pancreatitis as well as associated risk factors. We discuss measures that are in practice for post‐ERCP pancreatitis pharmaco‐prophylaxis, along with advances in the pipeline. We emphasize that there is still a pressing need to narrow the incidence of post‐ERCP pancreatitis and that a mechanistic approach may reveal the greatest benefit from utilizing a combination of targets.
Towards In-Home Medication: Medicinal Products as Daily Objects
Authors: Penati Antonella Valeria 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFor the reflections presented in this text, we have chosen to begin by considering the lives of people dealing with medications through the vivid recounting of micro-stories, which serve as glimpses into common experiences related to medical treatment. While not exhaustive, they offer insights into the theoretical significance of the implications that can be drawn from these brief narratives. Through these stories, we have highlighted their theoretical relevance, recognizing the epistemological value of the implications that can be deduced from these short stories.
Dealing with Medicines Through Online Platforms and Communities
Authors: Standoli Carlo Emilio , Tolino Umberto 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the link between social media and human health and well-being, with a peculiar interest in the communication of medicine, understood both as an object for treatment and as a commercial product. After an overview of social media and the extent to which they have changed access to the web, the way we create and disseminate content—personal or professional—and communicate with other people, the chapter analyses their contribution and use in medicine. Through observation of the trends on several social media, such as forums, blogs, and social networks, the chapter presents an analysis of the role of medicine in such environment, starting with the norms that regulate their communication and ending with the identification of platforms, channels, actors involved, modes of interaction, and registers of dialogue. Finally, the chapter proposes some reflections on how design culture can intervene in the relationship between medicines and social media, from the definition of guidelines for communication to research for improving the user experience of medicines.
Use Phenomenologies: Oral Solid Forms in Blister Packs
Authors: Penati Antonella Valeria 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe different pharmaceutical forms and the variety of packaging that make them available to the user generate gestures, interactions, and usage behaviour, which are worthy of interest to those interested in reading the objects’ formal attributes and the influence exerted on those using them. In the world of medicines, oral solid blister forms represent an interesting case due to the complex use dynamics dependent on both the ‘content’—the medicine—and the ‘container’—the blister. Starting from observing how patients use medicines in their home environment, this chapter focuses on how the characteristics of oral solid forms (e.g., tablets, capsules, packets) and those of blister packs can induce incorrect or non-compliant use behaviour. These behaviours are especially characteristic of older people.
Use Phenomenologies: What Does the User Do with the Secondary Medicine Packaging and Package Leaflet?
Authors: Penati Antonella Valeria 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis chapter supplements the remarks contained in the paragraph The role of medicine packaging in dispensing of this text. In that context, we addressed the important role that secondary packaging plays in the dispensing process, especially in terms of its informational connotations. In this chapter, we look instead at the dynamics of patient use, once the medicine has entered the context of everyday use. In addition to the informational aspects, functional aspects such as opening, closing, containing, storing etc. come into play. It is in the relationship with the patient that the secondary pack demonstrates its informational and usage effectiveness. The medicines under analysis were ‘taken’ from the contexts of use under observation. To return the problems observed, the mode of illustration was chosen, eliminating the medicine’s identifying marks, while leaving the description of the problematic elements, from our point of view, relating to information and form, which were returned in ‘anonymous’ form.
Sensory Qualities of the Medicines: From Problems to Proposals
Authors: Riccò Dina 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe text reviews the studies conducted on the sensory qualities of the medicines. It considers the medicine as a product, therefore as a project object of which to examine its tertiary qualities—the experienced object and therefore evaluates its visual (e.g., colour, shape, etc.), gustatory (e.g., bitter, sweet, pleasant, unpleasant, etc.), the qualities of the surface (e.g., smooth, rough, etc.), its consistency, etc., together with the connotations that these induce, noting the problems, the recognition in visual impairment and the incidence that these have on adherence to treatment and correct intake. Compare the sensory characteristics of the medicine with the formal/chromatic characteristics of the tablets in pharmaceutical production. It concludes by noting how the research carried out on the sensory characteristics the medicines is limited to studying these characteristics separately, not considering the interaction between them and the perceptual hierarchies, the prevalence that one can hold over the others. Very few studies address the issue of accessibility for people with sensory disabilities, the latter are addressed in the medicine packages by providing Braille text, but no indication allows communication and discrimination of the tablet for people with visual impairments.
Moving the Care Process in the in-Home Context: The Therapeutic Prescription
Authors: Standoli Carlo Emilio , Guarinoni Milena Giovanna , Morello Enrico 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAfter a medical consultation or hospitalisation, when the patient returns to everyday life, how is the correct adherence and therapeutic continuity guaranteed according to the indications given by the clinician, especially when it comes to multidimensional therapy (e.g. pharmacological, rehabilitation, etc.)? Do clinicians and hospitals use communication strategies and tools to give indications—through prescriptions—of sometimes complex therapies to be followed effectively? Moreover, what tools does the patient have to tell the general practitioner about the therapies in use or support therapy management at home? In the specific case of medicines, what dialogue is established between doctor and patient to assess the appropriateness of their prescription, considering not only clinical needs but also the patient’s lifestyle and preferences? The chapter addresses the process of transitioning care from the hospital to the home setting, presenting the different phases and issues that, on the medical side and the patient side, are experienced from the moment of prescription. The emerging reflections form the basis for formulating perspectives for future models of transition of care and discharge.
Analysis and Induction as Methods of Empirical Inquiry
Authors: Schickore Jutta 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis chapter traces the history of the notions of analysis and induction in German-language accounts of scientific inquiry between the mid-eighteenth and mid-nineteenth centuries. Many eighteenth-century scholars perceived analysis and induction as intertwined and tied to methods of empirical inquiry and discovery, as they had been perceived in the early modern period. Until well into the nineteenth century, the terms “(scientific) induction” or “inductive science” referred to any experience-based science (as opposed to a science based on first principles). Inductive science, thus understood, encompassed the making, evaluation, and testing of hypotheses—even of hypotheses about unobservable things—and “reduction” rather than “deduction” was its opposite. While the Kantian understanding of analysis influenced the notions of induction and scientific method, it did not wholly alter their interpretation. After Kant, formal logic and philosophy gradually became independent, but a more applied philosophy of empirical inquiry also persisted, linked to scientific practice while rooted in older ideas about analytic and inductive methods. Several authors recommended evaluating and testing hypotheses by deriving testable consequences but did not consider hypothesis testing to be a strictly deductive process opposed to, or more powerful than, induction. Inductive inquiry and the hypothetico-deductive (H-D) method are both integral to the inductive sciences, according to these pragmatic theories of empirical inquiry.
Questioning the Symmetry Between Analysis and Synthesis in Chemical Practices
Authors: Bensaude-Vincent Bernadette 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper interrogates the general assumption of the symmetry between analysis and synthesis. It argues that the emphasis on symmetry between analytic and synthetic operations proceeds from a reconceptualization of the empirical tradition of chemical analysis under the aegis of mathematical and philosophical notions. Given that the experimental analyses and syntheses are viewed as mere translations of a mode of reasoning onto the material realm, I refer to this approach as the intellectualist tradition. I highlight the contrast between this intellectualist approach, which describes analysis and synthesis as two distinct and successive operations, and more pragmatic approaches to analysis and synthesis as practical arts that emphasize the synchrony between the two processes rather than their symmetry.
Spagyria, Scheidung, and Spagürlein: The Meanings of Analysis for Paracelsus
Authors: Kahn Didier , Newman William R. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractParacelsus is often lauded for having created a new disciplinary identity for alchemy by basing it on the twin operations of analysis and synthesis. Indeed, his neologism for the field, Spagyria, is often said to express this pairing by embodying the Greek terms for decompounding and compounding (σπάν and ἀγείρειν). The present article disputes both this etymological claim and the underlying belief that Paracelsus had an interest in synthesis that paralleled his very strong promotion of analysis (Scheidung). As the authors argue, there is good reason to think that Paracelsus actually modeled the word Spagyria on the early modern Swiss coin that went by the name Spagürlein, Spagürli, or Spagürle. This derivation was appropriate for a discipline based on Scheidung, since the coin was the product of numerous metallurgical processes involving separation. The claim that Spagyria was a fusion of σπάν and ἀγείρειν was actually a product of Paracelsus’s followers, not of the Swiss chymist himself.
A Fresh Look at Newton’s Method of Analysis and Synthesis
Authors: Shapiro Alan E. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn Query 23, which Newton added to the Latin translation of the Opticks, he declared that investigations in natural philosophy should follow the mathematical methods of analysis, to discover principles and propositions, and synthesis, to demonstrate new propositions. He has proposed a method of reasoning and knowledge. In the next sentence, however, he states that analysis allows us to proceed from “compositions to ingredients,” which appears to be chymists’ method of decomposing material things. This study confirms that Newton did indeed follow mathematicians’ concept of analysis and synthesis in his optical investigations. Through analysis he discovered principles or propositions—for example, that sunlight consists of rays of different colors—while the synthesis demonstrated new propositions, such as the formation of the rainbow and not that white light is composed of rays of different colors. With the exception of this single query, Newton never used the terms “analysis” and “synthesis” in his optical writings. Only in the second half of the eighteenth century, beginning with the French, were these terms applied to the decomposition and recombination of rays of light. The second part of this paper traces this transition to the modern usage of the terms “analysis” and “synthesis.”
Knowing Diseases and Medicines Forward and Backward: Analysis and Synthesis from Galen to Early Modern Academic Medicine
Authors: Ragland Evan R. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEarly modern academic physicians followed Galen’s models on many points, including reasoning from signs of diseases back to hidden causes and from causes to signs. Galen’s Art of Medicine (Ars medica, Ars parva, Tegni) famously spurred reflections on the methods of teaching and discovery, which included his categories of analysis, synthesis, and dissolution of the definition. Medieval and early modern physicians at times described analysis as reasoning from effects to causes, and synthesis from causes to effects. Diagnosis often depended on reasoning backward from signs to hidden seats of diseases and causes (analysis), and from causes and organs to signs and symptoms (synthesis). At patients’ bedsides, physicians also moved forward in time, observing disease progression and the effects of therapeutic interventions. From the early 1600s on, physicians at Leiden University followed the Paduan model and used postmortem dissections to confirm or go beyond the diagnoses and prognoses made during daily clinical teaching in the local hospital. These Galenic physicians did not develop radically new medical frameworks, but they did gradually add to the store of pathological and therapeutic knowledge. They based these gradual innovations on their humanist scholarship, as well as on their knowledge of diseases and therapies going forward with living patients, and their inferences from postmortem evidence back to the historical causes of patients’ diseases and deaths. By the mid-1600s, this established pedagogical practice allowed physicians and students pushing new medical theories to generate important new pathological knowledge, notably of consumption (phthisis). By the later 1600s, and into the 1700s, it appears that physicians still reasoned back from signs to hidden anatomical states, using causal principles of natural philosophy, but reserved the terms “analysis” and “synthesis” for mathematics and, especially, chemistry. Although the new Paris medicine, around 1800, explicitly eschewed theoretical systems and causal principles in favor of correlating and counting close descriptions of anatomical and clinical phenomena, the practices of reasoning back from symptoms to impaired organ functions and anatomical states revealed in postmortem dissections appear significantly continuous across the early modern period.
Algorithmen erleben in Virtual Reality
Authors: Göbel Erik , Andres Daniela , Korwisi Kristof , Latoschik Marc Erich , Hennecke Martin 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungAlgorithmisches Denken ist eine wichtige Voraussetzung für das Erlernen des Programmierens. Die abstrakte Natur und das tatsächliche Verständnis von Algorithmen spielen aber oft eine untergeordnete Rolle, wenn das Programmieren mithilfe spezifischer Umgebungen und Programmiersprachen erlernt wird. Anstatt zugrunde liegende Muster zu erkennen, erwerben die Lernenden oft hauptsächlich die Fähigkeit, konkrete Probleme in einer konkreten Programmiersprache zu lösen. Es stellt sich daher die Frage, wie abstrakte Algorithmen losgelöst von einer konkreten Programmiersprache erfahrbar und verständlich gemacht werden können. Robot Karol ist eine in Schulen oft verwendete Lernumgebung, in der ein Roboter durch einen kleinen Befehlssatz programmier- und steuerbar ist. In Anlehnung an bereits existierende 2D-Versionen von Robot Karol sollen bei dem in diesem Beitrag vorgestellten Ansatz die Nutzer:innen in einer mit Virtual Reality (VR) umgesetzten Umgebung verschiedene Aufgaben im Stil des Robot Karol erfüllen. Der von uns gewählte VR-Ansatz beinhaltet im Gegensatz zu existierenden Desktop-Versionen keine syntaktische Komponente. Die Aktionen der Nutzer:innen werden direkt umgesetzt und visualisiert, wodurch die wesentlichen algorithmischen Abläufe greifbarer gemacht werden sollen.
Sprachpolitik im Spannungsfeld von Nationalismus und Identitätsdebatten – Überblicksartikel
Authors: Gotzmann Andreas 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungWährend der Emanzipationsphase entwickelte sich Sprache, angetrieben durch den Nationalismus, zu einem zentralen Aspekt der miteinander verwobenen Politik des Staates und jüdischer Identitätsdebatten. Sowohl die repressive Integrationspolitik des Staates als auch jüdische Umbewertungen von heiliger Sprache und Muttersprache wurden durch den sich wandelnden Begriff von Sprache beeinflusst. Die Mehrsprachigkeit der jüdischen Kultur traf auf die Dominanz der Vorstellung von einer reinen, geregelten Sprache, über die nationale Zugehörigkeit definiert wurde. – During the Emancipation period, and driven by nationalism, language emerged as a central aspect of the interrelated policies of the state and debates about Jewish identity. Both the stateʼs repressive integration policies and Jewish redefinitions of sacred language and mother tongue were influenced by the changing concept of language. The multilingualism of Jewish culture met with the dominance of the idea of a pure, regulated language through which a concept of national belonging was defined.
Gebrochene Sprache in deutschsprachig-jüdischer Gegenwartsliteratur
Authors: Banki Luisa 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungDie mehrsprachige Gestaltung vieler Texte deutschsprachig-jüdischer Gegenwartsliteratur knüpft an literarische Traditionen polyglotten Schreibens in der Diaspora an und aktualisiert diese für die eigene Gegenwart. Dieser Artikel stellt unterschiedliche Formen und Funktionen von Mehrsprachigkeit vor, untersucht deren poetologische Bedeutung in Texten von Tomer Gardi, Lena Gorelik und Channah Trzebiner und diskutiert sie im Kontext eines neuen post-monolingualen Paradigmas. – The multilingualism of many works of contemporary German-Jewish literature draws on literary traditions of polyglot writing in the diaspora and actualizes them for the present. This article presents various forms and functions of multilingualism, examines their poetological significance in works by Tomer Gardi, Lena Gorelik, and Channah Trzebiner, and discusses them in the context of a new post-monolingual paradigm.
A Cyclic p-y Elastoplastic Model Applied to Lateral Loaded Pile in Soft Clays
Authors: Cheng Xinglei , Lu Dechun , Wang Piguang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe p-y method as a simplified analysis tool has been widely used to analyze the behavior of laterally loaded piles. This chapter develops a novel cyclic p-y elastoplastic model within the framework of the single-surface bounding surface theory. The model can capture the soil stiffness degradation during cyclic loading by incorporating the cumulative plastic displacement to an interpolation function of the elastoplastic resistance coefficient.
Lateral Cyclic Responses of OWT Monopile in Soft Clays
Authors: Cheng Xinglei , Lu Dechun , Wang Piguang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIt is very important to analyze the lateral cyclic response of monopiles for the design of offshore wind turbines (OWTs). A three-dimensional finite element method for lateral cyclic responses of large-diameter monopiles is developed based on a simplified constitutive model of clays that has been successfully encoded into the ABAQUS software package (as detailed in Chap. 2).
Seismic Response of OWT Monopile in Clays
Authors: Cheng Xinglei , Lu Dechun , Wang Piguang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe safe and stable operation of monopile offshore wind turbines (MOWTs) under seismic and environmental loading is a major challenge facing designers. A numerical method was developed for simulating the dynamic interaction of the soil-pile-structure system by employing an elastoplastic bounding surface constitutive model that can capture the cyclic degradation of clay stiffness well.
Lateral Cyclic Responses of OWT Tripod Suction Bucket in Clays
Authors: Cheng Xinglei , Lu Dechun , Wang Piguang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTripod suction bucket foundations are increasingly used to support offshore wind turbines (OWTs) due to their economic advantages and high overturning resistance. In the harsh marine environment, OWT tripod bucket foundations are subjected to long-term lateral cyclic loads from wind, waves and current.
Seismic Responses of OWT Tripod Suction Bucket in Clays
Authors: Cheng Xinglei , Lu Dechun , Wang Piguang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTripod suction buckets offer many advantages as foundations for offshore wind turbines including fast and economic installation and high overturning resistance. In this application, tripod suction buckets are subjected to dynamic loads such as wind and waves as well as earthquakes.
On Lurie’s theorem and applications
Authors: Davies Jack Morgan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Lurie’s theorem states that there exists a sheaf of ring spectra on the site of formally étale Deligne–Mumford stacks over the moduli stack of p-divisible groups of height n, which agrees with the classical Landweber exact functor theorem (LEFT) on affines. In other words, this theorem is a global, higher categorical refinement of the LEFT. In recent work, Lurie has introduced many of the ingredients one needs to prove this theorem, and in this article, we gather these ingredients together and prove Lurie’s theorem. Applications of this theorem to Lubin–Tate theories, topological modular and automorphism forms, and Adams operations are also discussed.