bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A reduced‐dimension dynamic model of a proton‐exchange membrane fuel cell
Authors: Xu Ling , Hu Zunyan , Fang Chuan , Xu Liangfei , Li Jianqiu , Ouyang Minggao 
Published: June 2021

SummaryThe existing models of proton‐exchange membrane fuel cells, such as computational fluid dynamics and lumped‐parameter models, cannot provide a comprehensive description of mass‐transport mechanisms without incurring a high computational load. This paper proposes a reduced‐dimension dynamic model of fuel cells that considers main mass‐transport mechanisms, including two‐phase flow in the gas diffusion layer. Under the quasi‐steady‐state assumption, the distributions of liquid water and gas species in the through‐plane direction are calculated through analytical expressions. Thus, the reduced‐dimension fuel‐cell model can obtain a similar output to a one‐dimensional model without needing to solve partial differential equations. The reduced‐dimension model was validated on steady state and transient experimental data. The computational load of the reduced‐dimension model was only 1/60 that of a one‐dimensional model. To simulate the transient behavior of the fuel‐cell system, the reduced‐dimension fuel‐cell model was integrated with a comprehensive balance‐of‐plant model. The system model could execute long‐time‐scale transient simulations and evaluate the internal states of the fuel cell while minimizing the computing resources. Finally, the contradiction between the power response rate and oxygen starvation under the load‐delay strategy was analyzed with the system model, and the delay duration was optimized. Results verify the potential of the reduced‐dimension model in control‐oriented applications.Novelty statementThe existing models of proton‐exchange membrane fuel cells, such as computational fluid dynamics and lumped‐parameter models, cannot provide a comprehensive description of mass‐transport mechanisms without incurring a high computational load. This work proposes a reduced‐dimension dynamic model of fuel cells that considers main mass‐transport mechanisms, including two‐phase flow in the gas diffusion layer. Under the quasi‐steady‐state assumption, the distributions of liquid water and gas species in the through‐plane direction are calculated through analytical expressions. Thus, the reduced‐dimension fuel‐cell model can obtain a similar output to a one‐dimensional model without needing to solve partial differential equations. The computational load of the reduced‐dimension model was only 1/60 that of a one‐dimensional model.
Estimating the optimal parameters of solid oxide fuel cell‐based circuit using parasitism‐predation algorithm
Authors: Yousri Dalia , Fathy Ahmed , Babu Thanikanti Sudhakar , Berber Mohamed R. 
Published: June 2021

SummaryThe process of constructing a reliable mathematical model of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is a challenge due to its complex nature. This paper proposes a new methodology incorporated a recent meta‐heuristic algorithm named parasitism‐predation algorithm (PPA) to estimate the optimal parameters of SOFC equivalent circuit. Two experiments are conducted in this work; the first one comprises four measured datasets for a commercial enhanced cylindrical SOFC manufactured by Siemen Energy. While the second series consists of five measured datasets for a theoretical dynamic SOFC stack with 96 connected cells. The collected datasets are measured at different operating conditions. An excessive comparative study is presented with other optimizers of comprehensive learning particle swarm optimization (CLPSO), improved PSO with difference mean with perturbation (DMP_PSO), heterogeneous CLPSO (HCLPSO), locally informed PSO (LIPS), modified CSO with tri‐competitive mechanism (MCSO), opposition‐based learning competitive PSO (OBLCPSO), ranking‐based biased learning swarm optimizer (RBLSO), competitive swarm optimizer (CSO), hybrid Jaya with DE (JayaDE), and social learning PSO (SLPSO). Furthermore, statistical analyses of the ranking tests, multiple sign tests, Friedman tests, and ANOVA are performed. The obtained results confirmed the proposed PPA's competence in constructing a reliable model of SOFC as it provides the least mean square error (MSE) between the measured and estimated characteristics of 2.164e−6 in the first series of experiments at 1073 K, in contrast, the most peer (CLPSO) provides 5.57e−6. Similarly, in the second series of experiments, PPA achieves lease MSE of 7.17e−2 at 973 K; meanwhile, the most peer (CLPSO) attains 5.44e−1.
Effect of the shafting nonorthogonal error on the tracking performance of solar dish concentrator system
Authors: Liu Yongxiang , Yan Jian , Peng Youduo , Tian Yong 
Published: June 2021

SummaryA solar dish concentrator (SDC) system accurately tracks the sun using a dual‐axis tracking device to achieve efficient heat utilization. However, the tracking performance and optical performance of an SDC system are significantly reduced by shafting nonorthogonal errors between the elevation axis and azimuth axis of the double‐axis tracking device and the focal axis of the parabolic dish concentrator occurring during installation. In this paper, a tracking performance model of an SDC system is established based on the rigid body motion theory; the model considers the nonorthogonal errors between the elevation axis, azimuth axis, and focal axis. The radial angle and tangential angle are used to describe the deviation error of each axis from its ideal position. A virtual motion model of the SDC system with the nonorthogonal errors is established in the Solidworks 2014 software to verify the accuracy of the mathematical model. The influences of the nonorthogonal errors (single‐factor error and overall error) on the tracking accuracy and comprehensive tracking performance of the SDC system are analyzed in detail. The results show that the tracking errors (single‐factor error and overall error) of the SDC system increase and the tracking performance decreases as the radial angle error increases. When the radial angle error is the same and the axis vector changes (ie, the size of the tangential angle), the tracking performance of the SDC system improves. The focal axis error has the largest influence on the tracking performance of the system, followed by the azimuth axis error and the elevation axis error. The tracking performance of the SDC system is better when the azimuth axis is biased toward the south and north than toward the east and west and for elevation axis errors in the horizontal plane than the vertical plane. This work can provide a theoretical basis for the installation, debugging, and error control of solar concentrating systems with a double‐axis drive.
Possible actions of inulin as prebiotic polysaccharide: A review
Authors: Teferra Tadesse F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis review summarizes the nature, types, and properties of inulin polysaccharides and their applications as prebiotic dietary fibers. Natural food and commercial plant sources of inulin and extraction methods are presented. The physicochemical and functional properties of inulin are summarized. The prebiotic roles of inulin and their mechanisms of action are detailed. Inulin acts as prebiotic dietary fiber with multiple putative health benefits. It reduces caloric intake and contributes to reduced blood glucose and plasma lipid/cholesterol levels when used as sugar and fat replacers. It also stimulates immune systems and protects the colon mucosa against carcinogenesis and inflammation. Inulin also alters the composition and population of the gut microbiota. It stimulates the growth and activities of health beneficial microorganisms while inhibiting enteropathogenic bacteria. The beneficial microorganisms ferment inulin and produces acids including short‐chain fatty acids that lower the pH in the colon and inhibit pathogens. The health beneficial bacteria also produce other metabolites that positively influence human health. The consumption of inulin is however, associated to symptoms of gastrointestinal discomfort, when consumed at higher levels to meet the daily recommendation of dietary fiber. Potential solutions to the limitations are forwarded as future research ideas and policy inputs.
Sudachi peel extract powder including the polymethoxylated flavone sudachitin improves visceral fat content in individuals at risk for developing diabetes
Authors: Shikishima Yasuhiro , Tsutsumi Rie , Kawakami Ayuka , Miura Hiroyuki , Nii Yoshitaka , Sakaue Hiroshi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn vitro and animal studies have indicated that extracts from the peel of the Japanese Citrus sudachi, including sudachitin, ameliorate hyperlipidemia and reduce obesity. Sudachitin, a polymethoxylated flavone, has been reported as having favorable effects on lipid and glucose metabolism but results from clinical trials have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of consuming capsules of sudachi peel extract powder on visceral fat in Japanese men and women in a randomized controlled trial. This was a 12‐week randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial involving 41 participants aged 30–65 years with BMI 23–30 kg/m2, randomly allocated to receive either sudachi peel extract powder (sudachitin 4.9 mg/day, n = 21) or placebo (n = 20) of identical appearance. The primary outcome measure was visceral fat mass, assessed during intervention. Thirty‐eight of the 41 subjects completed the protocol. Compared with placebo, sudachi peel extract powder significantly reduced the ratio of visceral fat to subcutaneous fat, and moderately reduced waist circumference, a metabolic syndrome marker. Glycemic control and lipid profile were not changed significantly in these subjects. Consumption of capsules of sudachi peel extract powder favorably improves the ratio of visceral fat to subcutaneous fat in individuals at risk for developing diabetes, especially in individuals with large visceral fat area, while not adversely affecting glycemic control.
FAT4 identified as a potential modifier of orofacial cleft laterality
Authors: Curtis Sarah W. , Chang Daniel , Sun Miranda R. , Epstein Michael P. , Murray Jeffrey C. , Feingold Eleanor , Beaty Terri H. , Weinberg Seth M. , Marazita Mary L. , Lipinski Robert J. , Carlson Jenna C. , Leslie Elizabeth J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOrofacial clefts (OFCs) are common (1 in 700 births) congenital malformations that include a cleft lip (CL) and cleft lip and palate (CLP). These OFC subtypes are also heterogeneous themselves, with the CL occurring on the left, right, or both sides of the upper lip. Unilateral CL and CLP have a 2:1 bias towards left‐sided clefts, suggesting a nonrandom process. Here, we performed a study of left‐ and right‐sided clefts within the CL and CLP subtypes to better understand the genetic factors controlling cleft laterality. We conducted genome‐wide modifier analyses by comparing cases that had right unilateral CL (RCL; N = 130), left unilateral CL (LCL; N = 216), right unilateral CLP (RCLP; N = 416), or left unilateral CLP (LCLP; N = 638), and identified a candidate region on 4q28, 400 kb downstream from FAT4, that approached genome‐wide significance for LCL versus RCL (p = 8.4 × 10−8). Consistent with its potential involvement as a genetic modifier of CL, we found that Fat4 exhibits a specific domain of expression in the mesenchyme of the medial nasal processes that form the median upper lip. Overall, these results suggest that the epidemiological similarities in left‐ to right‐sided clefts in CL and CLP are not reflected in the genetic association results.
A 6‐year prospective clinical cohort study on the bidirectional association between frailty and depressive disorder
Authors: Oude Voshaar Richard C. , Dimitriadis Menelaos , vandenBrink Rob H. S. , Aprahamian Ivan , Borges Marcus K. , Marijnissen Radboud M. , Hoogendijk Emiel O. , Rhebergen Didi , Jeuring Hans W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionDepressive disorder has been conceptualised as a condition of accelerated biological ageing. We operationalised a frailty index (FI) as marker for biological ageing aimed to explore the bidirectional, longitudinal association between frailty and either depressive symptoms or depressive disorder.MethodsA cohort study with 6‐year follow‐up including 377 older (≥60 years) outpatients with a DSM‐IV‐defined depressive disorder and 132 never‐depressed controls. Site visits at baseline, 2 and 6‐year follow‐up were conducted and included the CIDI 2.0 to assess depressive disorder and relevant covariates. Depressive symptom severity and mortality were assessed every 6 months by mail and telephone. A 41‐item FI was operationalised and validated against the 6‐year morality rate by Cox regression (HRFI = 1.04 [95% CI: 1.02–1.06]).ResultsCox regression showed that a higher FI was associated with a lower chance of remission among depressed patients (HRFI = 0.98 [95% CI: 0.97–0.99]). Nonetheless, this latter effect disappeared after adjustment for baseline depressive symptom severity. Linear mixed models showed that the FI increased over time in the whole sample (B[SE] = 0.94 (0.12), p < .001) with a differential impact of depressive symptom severity and depressive disorder. Higher baseline depressive symptom severity was associated with an attenuated and depressive disorder with an accelerated increase of the FI over time.ConclusionsThe sum score of depression rating scales is likely confounded by frailty. Depressive disorder, according to DSM‐IV criteria, is associated with accelerated biological ageing. This argues for the development of multidisciplinary geriatric care models incorporating frailty to improve the overall outcome of late‐life depression.
Black Patients With Cirrhosis Have Higher Mortality and Lower Transplant Rates: Results From a Metropolitan Cohort Study
Authors: Mazumder Nikhilesh R. , Simpson Dinee , Atiemo Kofi , Jackson Kathryn , Zhao Lihui , Daud Amna , Kho Abel , Gabra Lauren G. , Caicedo Juan C. , Levitsky Josh , Ladner Daniela P. 
Published: June 2021

Background and Aims
Estimates of racial disparity in cirrhosis have been limited by lack of large‐scale, longitudinal data, which track patients from diagnosis to death and/or transplant.

Approach and Results
We analyzed a large, metropolitan, population‐based electronic health record data set from seven large health systems linked to the state death registry and the national transplant database. Multivariate competing risk analyses, adjusted for sex, age, insurance status, Elixhauser score, etiology of cirrhosis, HCC, portal hypertensive complication, and Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease‐Sodium (MELD‐Na), examined the relationship between race, transplant, and cause of death as defined by blinded death certificate review. During the study period, 11,277 patients met inclusion criteria, of whom 2,498 (22.2%) identified as Black. Compared to White patients, Black patients had similar age, sex, MELD‐Na, and proportion of alcohol‐associated liver disease, but higher comorbidity burden, lower rates of private insurance, and lower rates of portal hypertensive complications. Compared to White patients, Black patients had the highest rate all‐cause mortality and non‐liver‐related death and were less likely to be listed or transplanted (P < 0.001 for all). In multivariate competing risk analysis, Black patients had a 26% increased hazard of liver‐related death (subdistribution HR, 1.26; 95% CI, [1.15‐1.38]; P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Black patients with cirrhosis have discordant outcomes. Further research is needed to determine how to address these real disparities in the field of hepatology.
Depression and social anxiety mediate the relationship between parenting styles and risk of eating disorders: A study among Arab adolescents
Authors: Peleg Ora , Tzischinsky Orna , Spivak‐Lavi Zohar 
Published: June 2021

In multicultural Israel, the prevalence of eating disorders (EDs), a common chronic disorder among Western adolescents (especially females), has risen for Arab adolescents, who belong to an Eastern collectivist society. The study examines family and psychological factors that may increase the risk of EDs among Muslim Arab adolescents. We expected social anxiety and depressive symptoms to mediate the association between parenting styles and risk of EDs, with possible gender differences in the mediation model. Participants were 613 Muslim adolescents (394 females and 219 males); mean age = 15.4 ± 1.6; range = 12–19. The analyses revealed that the severity of depressive symptoms and especially social anxiety mediate the relationship between authoritarian parenting style and risk of EDs. Females reported higher levels of risk of EDs, social anxiety, depression and authoritative parenting style than males; no differences appeared for authoritarian or permissive parenting styles. The research sheds new light on risk factors for EDs and the likelihood of authoritarian parenting style and social anxiety being involved in the aetiology of EDs among Arab adolescents. The outcomes meaningfully add to understanding of specific psychological processes that may be associated with the risk of EDs in this population.
Surface modification of neurotrophin‐3 loaded PCL/chitosan nanofiber/net by alginate hydrogel microlayer for enhanced biocompatibility in neural tissue engineering
Authors: Habibizadeh Mina , Nadri Samad , Fattahi Ali , Rostamizadeh Kobra , Mohammadi Parvin , Andalib Sina , Hamidi Mehrdad , Forouzideh Narges 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study prepared a novel three‐dimensional nanocomposite scaffold by the surface modification of PCL/chitosan nanofiber/net with alginate hydrogel microlayer, hoping to have the privilege of both nanofibers and hydrogels simultaneously. Bead free randomly oriented nanofiber/net (NFN) structure composed of chitosan and polycaprolactone (PCL) was fabricated by electrospinning method. The low surface roughness, good hydrophilicity, and high porosity were obtained from the NFN structure. Then, the PCL/chitosan nanofiber/net was coated with a microlayer of alginate containing neurotrophin‐3 (NT‐3) and conjunctiva mesenchymal stem cells (CJMSCs) as a new stem cell source. According to the cross‐sectional FESEM, the scaffold shows a two‐layer structure with interconnected pores in the range of 20 μm diameter. The finding revealed that the surface modification of nanofiber/net by alginate hydrogel microlayer caused lower inflammatory response and higher proliferation of CJMSCs than the unmodified scaffold. The initial burst release of NT‐3 was 69% in 3 days which followed by a sustained release up to 21 days. The RT‐PCR analysis showed that the expression of Nestin, MAP‐2, and β‐tubulin III genes were increased 6, 5.4, and 8.8‐fold, respectively. The results revealed that the surface‐modified biomimetic scaffold possesses enhanced biocompatibility and could successfully differentiate CJMSCs to the neuron‐like cells.
Reduction for flag‐transitive 2‐(v,k,λ) designs with (r,λ)=2
Authors: Zhao Yanwei , Zhou Shenglin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper studies flag‐transitive 2‐ designs with . We prove that if is a flag‐transitive nontrivial 2‐ design with , then is of affine or almost simple type. Furthermore, we analyze the flag‐transitive automorphism groups of almost simple type with for , and obtain that, up to isomorphism, there are 11 designs.
Food insecurity and frailty among women with and without HIV in the United States: a cross‐sectional analysis
Authors: Tan Judy Y , Sheira Lila A , Frongillo Edward A , Gustafson Deborah , Sharma Anjali , Merenstein Daniel , Cohen Mardge H , Golub Elizabeth , Edmonds Andrew , Ofotokun Igho , Fischl Margaret , Konkle‐Parker Deborah , Neilands Torsten , Tien Phyllis , Weiser Sheri D 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionFrailty is frequently observed among people with HIV, and food insecurity is associated with frailty in the general population. Evidence is scarce on the associations between food insecurity and frailty among women with HIV who may be particularly vulnerable to the impacts of food insecurity. The goal of this study was to assess associations between food insecurity and frailty among women with and without HIV.MethodsThere were 1265 participants from the Women’s Interagency HIV Study who participated in frailty assessments in 2017. Frailty was measured using the Fried Frailty Phenotype, and women were subsequently categorized as robust, pre‐frail or frail. Food insecurity was assessed using the U.S. Household Food Security Survey Module, with women categorized as having high, marginal, low or very low food security. Multinomial logistic regression models were conducted to examine cross‐sectional associations between food insecurity and frailty while adjusting for socio‐demographic, behavioural and HIV status covariates.Results and discussionApproximately one‐third (31.9%) of the women had marginal, low or very low food security, and the proportions of women who met the criteria for frailty or pre‐frailty were 55.6% and 12.4% respectively. In the adjusted model, the relative risk ratio (RRR) of frailty for women with very low food security versus women with high food security was 3.37 (95% CI [1.38 to 8.24], p < 0.01); the corresponding RRR of pre‐frailty was 3.63 (95% CI [1.76 to 7.51], p < 0.001). Higher annual household income was associated with lower RRRs of frailty or pre‐frailty (p < 0.01). Similarly, older age was associated with more frequent frailty (RRR=1.06, 95% CI [1.03 to 1.09], p < 0.001). HIV serostatus was not significantly associated with either pre‐frailty (RRR=0.97, 95% CI [0.71 to 1.31]) or frailty (RRR=0.75, 95% CI [0.48 to 1.16]).ConclusionsVery low food security was associated with more frequent frailty and pre‐frailty among women with and without for HIV. HIV serostatus was not associated with frailty.
Manipulating 3‐windows with Bragg's grating through RAD mechanism: An efficient photonic structure for communication application
Authors: Panda Tusharkant , Patra Krishna Chandra , Barpanda Nalini Kant , Mishra Padmini , Palai Gopinath 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe present paper focuses on one‐dimensional silicon grating to realise efficient interconnects at three optical communication windows. The mechanism of the present research relies on the diffraction, reflection, absorption and dispersion (RAD) analysis. Further dispersion depends on the polarisation, waveguide and material properties. The reflection loss is analysed through the photonic bandgap analysis where absorption and dispersion are discussed through analytical treatment. Finally, the output result confirms that the proposed silicon‐based grating structure has an efficiency of 98.10%, 99.58% and 99.78% at the signal of first (850 nm), second (1310 nm) and third (1550 nm) communication windows respectively.
Turning lemons into lemonade: The role of proactive personality and information exchange in limiting reciprocal negative affect transference in service encounters
Authors: Liu Xiao‐Yu , De Pater Irene E. , Ilies Remus 
Published: June 2021

SummaryDrawing upon theory and research on affect transference and proactive personality, we examine the proactive behaviors employees enact to limit the reciprocal transference of negative affect between customers and employees during service encounters. Results of two event‐based, multi‐source field studies in the service industry show that employee proactive personality weakens (a) the positive relationship between customer negative affect before the service encounter and employee negative affect during the service encounter and (b) the negative relationship between employee negative affect during the service encounter and customer ratings of service quality after the service encounter. Employee information exchange with the customer mediates these moderating effects. These findings highlight the potential for employee proactive personality and information exchange with customers in limiting the transfer of negative affect in service encounters and minimizing negative further downstream effects on customers' perceptions of service quality.