bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transfer Path Analysis of a Vehicle Subframe: Measurements in Six Degrees of Freedom
Authors: Ivarsson Lars 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A Transfer path analysis (TPA) is undertaken for a car subframe concerning six DOF of freedom and two coupling points up to 500 Hz. Integrated stingers have been developed to improve measurement results. The relative importance of the rotational components is investigated. The blocked impedance method has been used to couple the subframe to the car body using measured mobilities via two isolators out of four. The sound sensitivity is measured directly for the coupled system and compared with the total sum of the calculated transfer path components which are calculated with measured mobilities and transfer functions. Calculated and measured results show good agreement. The importance of the rotational paths depends on the characteristics of the isolator and the structures where it is mounted. It was found that the front mount position is more sensitive to rotations compared to the rear mount position. The rear mount position is also a much stiffer construction. It was found that above 220 Hz, the rotational paths are of the same importance as the translational paths when both points were connected to the body frame. It was also found that for the rear mount position, only one translational transfer path dominates. These conclusions do not differ especially for different excitation directions at the engine mount position.
Frequency Domain System Identification With Instrumental Variable Based Subspace Algorithm
Authors: McKelvey Tomas 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper we discuss how the time domain subspace based identification algorithms can be modified in order to be applicable when the primary measurements are given as samples of the Fourier transform of the input and output signals or alternatively samples of the transfer function. An instrumental variable (IV) based subspace algorithm is presented. We show that this method is consistent if a certain rank constraint is satisfied and the frequency domain noise is zero mean with bounded covariances. An example is presented which illuminates the theoretical discussion.
The Development of an Enhanced Mode Indicator Function Parameter Estimation Algorithm
Authors: Fladung William A. , Phillips Allyn W. , Brown David L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The renewed interest in Multiple Reference Impact Testing has triggered the development of an Enhanced Complex Mode Indicator Function (EMIF) parameter estimation procedure. The EMIF method is a multiple degree of freedom extension of the Complex Mode Indicator Function (CMIF) method which is a simple but popular multiple reference parameter estimation procedure. The CMIF procedure uses a Enhanced Frequency Response Function (EFRF) which for many multiple reference systems looks like a single degree of freedom system over a narrow frequency band around a selected system eigenvalue. A single degree of freedom algorithm is used to obtain the system eigenvalue at the enhanced frequency. The EMIF method has been developed to handle those cases where the Single degree of freedom method is not valid.
Can TEN4 distinguish bruises from abuse, inherited bleeding disorders or accidents?
Authors: Kemp Alison Mary , Maguire Sabine Ann , Nuttall Dianne E , Collins Peter , Dunstan Frank D , Farewell Daniel 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveDoes TEN4 categorisation of bruises to the torso, ear or neck or any bruise in <4-month-old children differentiate between abuse, accidents or inherited bleeding disorders (IBDs)?DesignProspective comparative longitudinal study.SettingCommunity.PatientsChildren <6 years old.InterventionsThe number and location of bruises compared for 2568 data collections from 328 children in the community, 1301 from 106 children with IBD and 342 abuse cases.Main outcome measuresLikelihood ratios (LRs) for the number of bruises within the TEN and non-TEN locations for pre-mobile and mobile children: abuse vs accidental injury, IBD vs accident, abuse vs IBD.ResultsAny bruise in a pre-mobile child was more likely to be from abuse/IBD than accident. The more bruises a pre-mobile child had, the higher the LR for abuse/IBD vs accident. A single bruise in a TEN location in mobile children was not supportive of abuse/IBD. For mobile children with more than one bruise, including at least one in TEN locations, the LR favouring abuse/IBD increased. Applying TEN4 to collections from abused and accidental group <48 months of age with at least one bruise gave estimated sensitivity of 69% and specificity for abuse of 74%.ConclusionsThese data support further child protection investigations of a positive TEN4 screen in any pre-mobile children with a bruise and in mobile children with more than one bruise. TEN4 did not discriminate between IBD and abuse, thus IBD needs to be excluded in these children. Estimated sensitivity and specificity of TEN4 was appreciably lower than previously reported.
Evaluation of management factors affecting the relative success of a brook trout eradication program using YY male fish and electrofishing suppression
Authors: Day Casey C. , Landguth Erin L. , Simmons Ryan K. , Baker William P. , Whiteley Andrew R. , Lukacs Paul M. , Davenport Kaeli A. , Bearlin Andrew R. 
Published: February 2021

Removal of non-native fish populations can be crucial to the conservation of native species, but often presents a complex challenge for managers. The goal of Trojan Y chromosome (TYC) programs is to skew the non-native sex ratio until only males remain, leading to eradication. We present results from a simulation model used to explore effects of alternative management approaches on an in-progress mechanical removal and TYC program to eradicate non-native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Simulation results indicated that stocking fingerling YY males (∼137 mm) was more effective than stocking catchable-sized YY males (∼230 mm), although questions about intercohort competition warrant further investigation. Increasing the proportion of mature fingerling YY males reduced treatment time by increasing the number of YY male spawners and increasing density-dependent mortality on young, mature wild brook trout. Maximizing the spatial distribution of YY male releases may be crucial to program success but is also dependent upon immediate dispersal movements. Principles derived from our results can be broadly applied to the management of other aquatic invaded systems using TYC programs to eradicate non-native species.
Classification for Thumb Opposition in Children with Thumb Hypoplasia
Authors: Vergara-Amador Enrique , Herrera-Rodríguez Juan , López-Rincón Laura 
Published: February 2021

Background: The Kapandji scale has 10 levels and includes abduction, rotation and flexion movements. Assessing children with thumb hypoplasia, this scale is poorly understood and confusing. The objective of the study is to evaluate an opposition scale simpler and understandable for children. Methods: It is a validation study of a simplified scale to qualify the opposition of the thumb, in order to asses only the abduction - rotation but not the flexion of the metacarpo-phalangeal (MP) or interphalangeal (IF) joint. The proposed classification goes from 0 to 3 degrees, where 0: No opposition, 1: The thumb touches the middle phalanx of the 2nd finger, 2: the thumb touches the pulp of the 2nd finger and 3: the thumb touches the pulp of the 5th finger. 10 patients with thumb hypoplasia were analyzed by 9 hand surgeons and 9 orthopedic surgeons. Results: The intraclass correlation coefficient shows a very good inter-observer reliability with a kappa of 0.991 (p = 0.000). When correlated by groups, the finding were very good between the hand surgeons group k = 0.980 (p = 0.000) and the orthopedic surgeons group 0.974 (p = 0.000). At 6 weeks a new evaluation was made, the intra-observer reliability was excellent k = 0.995 (p = 0.000). Conclusions: The proposed scale for the evaluation of the abductionrotation of the thumb is validated and useful in the evaluation of the results of a thumb opposition transfer with a good inter-observer and intra-observer reliability between orthopedic and hand surgeons.
Inotuzumab Ozogamicin for Relapsed/Refractory Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in the INO-VATE Trial: CD22 Pharmacodynamics, Efficacy, and Safety by Baseline CD22
Authors: Kantarjian Hagop M. , Stock Wendy , Cassaday Ryan D. , DeAngelo Daniel J. , Jabbour Elias , O'Brien Susan M. , Stelljes Matthias , Wang Tao , Paccagnella M. Luisa , Nguyen Kevin , Sleight Barbara , Vandendries Erik , Neuhof Alexander , Laird A. Douglas , Advani Anjali S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
We assessed the relationship between cluster of differentiation-22 (CD22) expression and outcomes of inotuzumab ozogamicin versus standard of care (SC) in INO-VATE (NCT01564784).

Patients and Methods:
Adults with relapsed/refractory B-cell precursor CD22-positive (by local or central laboratory) acute lymphoblastic leukemia were randomized to inotuzumab ozogamicin (n = 164) or SC (n = 162). Outcomes were analyzed by baseline CD22 positivity (percentage of leukemic blasts CD22 positive, ≥90% vs. &lt;90%) and CD22 receptor density [molecules of equivalent soluble fluorochrome (MESF), quartile analysis].

Results:
Most patients had high (≥90%) CD22 positivity per central laboratory. The response rate was significantly higher with inotuzumab ozogamicin versus SC. Minimal/measurable residual disease negativity, duration of remission (DoR), progression-free survival, and overall survival (OS) were significantly better with inotuzumab ozogamicin versus SC in patients with CD22 positivity ≥90%. Fewer patients had CD22 positivity &lt;90%; for whom, response rates were higher with inotuzumab ozogamicin versus SC, but DoR and OS appeared similar. Similar trends were evident in quartile analyses of CD22 MESF and CD22 positivity per local laboratory. Among inotuzumab ozogamicin–responding patients with subsequent relapse, decrease in CD22 positivity and receptor density was evident, but not the emergence of CD22 negativity. Rates of grade ≥3 hematologic adverse events (AEs) were similar and hepatobiliary AEs rate was higher for inotuzumab ozogamicin versus SC. No apparent relationship was observed between the rates of hematologic and hepatic AEs and CD22 expression.

Conclusions:
Inotuzumab ozogamicin demonstrated a favorable benefit–risk profile versus SC in patients with higher and lower CD22 expression. Patients with high CD22 expression and normal cytogenetics benefited the most from inotuzumab ozogamicin therapy.
Adaptive Natural Killer Cells Facilitate Effector Functions of Daratumumab in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Cho Hyunsoo , Kim Kyung Hwan , Lee Hoyoung , Kim Chang Gon , Chung Haerim , Choi Yoon Seok , Park Su-Hyung , Cheong June-Won , Min Yoo Hong , Shin Eui-Cheol , Kim Jin Seok 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
To investigate the different roles of heterogeneous natural killer (NK)-cell subpopulations in multiple myeloma and to identify NK-cell subsets that support the robust anti-myeloma activity of daratumumab via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC).

Experimental Design:
We performed single-cell RNA sequencing of NK cells from patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) and delineated adaptive NK cells in their bone marrow (BM). We further characterized the distinct immunophenotypic features and functions of adaptive NK cells by multicolor flow cytometry in 157 patients with NDMM.

Results:
Adaptive NK cells exhibit a significantly lower level of CD38 expression compared with conventional NK cells, suggesting that they may evade daratumumab-induced fratricide. Moreover, adaptive NK cells exert robust daratumumab-mediated effector functions ex vivo, including cytokine production and degranulation, compared with conventional NK cells. The composition of adaptive NK cells in BM determines the daratumumab-mediated ex vivo functional activity of BM NK cells in patients with NDMM. Unlike conventional NK cells, sorted adaptive NK cells from the BM of patients with NDMM exert substantial cytotoxic activity against myeloma cells in the presence of daratumumab.

Conclusions:
Our findings indicate that adaptive NK cells are an important mediator of ADCC in multiple myeloma and support direct future efforts to better predict and improve the treatment outcome of daratumumab by selectively employing adaptive NK cells.
Recommendations on Eliminating Racial Disparities in Multiple Myeloma Therapies: A Step toward Achieving Equity in Healthcare
Authors: Gormley Nicole , Fashoyin-Aje Lola , Locke Trevan , Unger Joseph M. , Little Richard F. , Nooka Ajay , Mezzi Khalid , Popa-McKiver Mihaela , Kobos Rachel , Biru Yelak , Williams Tiffany H. , Anderson Kenneth C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
African Americans are at higher risk of multiple myeloma (MM) yet are underrepresented in clinical trials and reap fewer benefits from novel therapies of the disease. To improve representation of African Americans in MM clinical trials, researchers, healthcare providers, patients, industry partners, and regulators at an FDA–AACR workshop developed recommendations to all stakeholders. The outlined principles offer a road map to addressing disparities broadly in clinical trials.
Quality of Life in Physical, Social, and Cognitive Domains Improves With Endovascular Therapy in the DEFUSE 3 Trial
Authors: Polding Laura C. , Tate William J. , Mlynash Michael , Marks Michael P. , Heit Jeremy J. , Christensen Soren , Kemp Stephanie , Albers Gregory W. , Lansberg Maarten G. ,   on behalf of the DEFUSE 3 Investigators
Published: February 2021

Background and Purpose:
The DEFUSE 3 (Endovascular Therapy Following Imaging Evaluation for Ischemic Stroke 3) randomized clinical trial demonstrated the efficacy of endovascular therapy in treating ischemic stroke 6 to 16 hours after onset, resulting in better functional outcomes than standard medical therapy alone. The objective of this secondary analysis is to analyze the effect of late-window endovascular treatment of ischemic stroke on quality of life (QoL) outcomes.

Methods:
Patients (n=182) who presented between 6 and 16 hours after they were last known to be well with acute anterior circulation ischemic stroke were randomized to endovascular thrombectomy plus standard medical therapy or standard medical therapy alone and followed-up through 90 days poststroke. QoL at day 90 was assessed with the QoL in Neurological Disorders measurement tool.

Results:

Of the 146 subjects alive at day 90, 136 (95%) filled out QoL in Neurological Disorders short forms. Patients treated with endovascular therapy had better QoL scores in each domain: mobility, social participation, cognitive function, and depression (
P
<0.01 for all). Variables other than endovascular therapy that were independently associated with better QoL included lower baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, younger age, and male sex. The degree to which the modified Rankin Scale captures differences in QoL between patients varied by domain; the modified Rankin Scale score accounted for a high proportion of the variability in mobility (Rs
2
=0.82), a moderate proportion in social participation (Rs
2
=0.62), and a low proportion in cognition (Rs
2
=0.31) and depression (Rs
2
=0.19).

Conclusions:
Patients treated with endovascular therapy 6 to 16 hours after stroke have better QoL than patients treated with medical therapy alone, including better mobility, more social participation, superior cognition, and less depression. The modified Rankin Scale fails to capture patients’ outcomes in cognition and depression, which should therefore be assessed with dedicated QoL tools.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02586415.
The Korean War Prisoners Who Chose Neutral Nations: An Introduction
Authors: Chang David Cheng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
At the end of the Korean War, 76 Korean and 12 Chinese prisoners of war (pows) refused to return to either side of their divided countries. Instead, they sought asylum in neutral nations that were yet to be determined. Situating this theme issue’s three articles in the larger Korean War historiography, this introduction provides a chronology of major events that culminated in the 88 pows’ departure from Korea and voyage to India on 9 February 1954. Emphasizing that these 88 men were not fundamentally different from the other 150,000 Korean and 21,000 Chinese pows, this paper underscores the fact that these 88 pows, having survived battles and captivity, risked their lives to escaped from their compound leaders and sought neutral nations’ protection. The stories of the 88 prisoners “choosing” neutral nations were in fact tales of survival and escape.
Ideology Was A Uniform to Be Taken On and Off: An Anti-Communist Prisoner’s Survival from Manchuria to Korea to India
Authors: Lee Sunwoo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Chi Ki-ch’ŏl’s story reveals a man not driven by ideology, but buffeted by it. He began adulthood as a Korean exile in Manchuria, where the Japanese occupation army conscripted him. After Japan’s defeat in August 1945, he joined a Korean contingent of the Chinese Communist Army and fought in the Chinese Civil War. His unit later repatriated to North Korea, where it joined the invasion of South Korea on 25 June 1950. When U.S.-led forces of the United Nations shattered that invasion in September, he quickly arranged to surrender to U.S. troops. While in custody, Chi worked with Republic of Korea (rok) intelligence to organize prisoner of war (pow) resistance to their being returned to North Korea after the impending armistice. He enjoyed privileges as an anti-Communist in the pow camps, and hoped it would continue. Although an active anti-Communist, Chi judged that he would not be able to live in South Korea as an ex-pow. After refusing repatriation to North Korea, he also rejected staying in South Korea. But Chi would survive elsewhere. He relocated to India, where he thrived as a businessman. He chose the space of neutrality to succeed as an anti-Communist, where life nevertheless reflected the contentious energy of the Cold War. Chi’s decision demonstrated how ideology, despite its importance to him, was not sufficient to translate his rejection of Communist North Korea into a commitment to South Korea.
Nodular syphilitic scleritis: a rare and forgotten entity
Authors: Kanathur Shilpa , Hongal Amrita A , Radhika SR , Revathi TN 
Published: February 2021

Ocular manifestations of syphilis are usually seen in the secondary or tertiary stages of the disease, which is a nonspecific inflammatory response. We report a case of unilateral nodular scleritis in a patient with late latent syphilis, which resolved with intravenous crystalline penicillin for 2 weeks, topical fluorometholone, and tobramycin eye drops for 3 weeks.
Children’s fear and distress during a hospital-based family flu vaccine clinic: A parent survey
Authors: Khadij Sarah , Reszel Jessica , Wilding Jodi , Harrison Denise 
Published: February 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate parents’ perception of their child(ren)’s distress before, during, and after influenza (flu) vaccination, and their perceived effectiveness of pain and distress management strategies used during the vaccination process. This is a cross-sectional survey of parents attending Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario’s 2018 family flu clinic. After vaccination, parents completed a paper-based survey concerning demographics, fear and distress levels, and use and perceived effectiveness of pain/distress management interventions provided before and during the vaccination process. All survey data were entered into Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap). Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics; qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. A total of 164 parents completed the survey, reporting data on 327 children aged 6 months to 18 years (83% of children were vaccinated). Of 327 children, nearly half ( n = 142, 44%) were reported to be moderately to severely distressed before, during, or after the vaccination process. The parents reported that 268 (82%) children received pain/distress management strategies during vaccination. Over half ( n = 138, 57%) of the parents reported that the strategies used were very effective. Despite frequent use and parents’ perceived effectiveness of pain/distress management interventions, nearly half of the children were perceived by parents as moderately to severely distressed during the vaccination process.
Spanish Translation and Linguistic Validation of the Glucose Monitoring Experiences Questionnaire (GME-Q) in Continuous Glucose Monitoring Users
Authors: Beato-Víbora Pilar I. , Lázaro-Martín Lucía , Gallego-Gamero Fabiola , Ambrojo-López Ana 
Published: February 2021

Background and Aims: The use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has become standard practice in people with type 1 diabetes. The evaluation of user satisfaction is crucial. The Glucose Monitoring Experiences questionnaire (GME-Q) includes 23 items with a 5-point Likert scale to produce a total satisfaction score and three subscale scores. The study aimed to translate the GME-Q from English into Spanish and to validate its use in Spanish-speaking CGM users with type 1 diabetes. Methods: The linguistic translation and validation process of the GME-Q was established. T1D CGM users were asked to complete the produced Spanish version of the GME-Q and interviewed about difficulties or misunderstandings. Total satisfaction, effectiveness, convenience and intrusiveness subscales and internal consistency reliability were computed. Results: Forward and backward translations and cognitive debriefing produced a final version of the GME-Q in Spanish. Ninety-eight subjects with type 1 diabetes were selected (age: 40 ± 12 years, 63% females, Hb1c: 7.2 ± 0.9% (55 ± 10 mmol/l), pump users: 78%, CGM use: 3.7 ± 2.6 years). The completion rate was 99% and the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.8. The total satisfaction score was 3.9 ± 0.4 (effectiveness: 4.1 ± 0.6, convenience: 3.8 ± 0.6, intrusiveness: 2.2 ± 0.7). Conclusion: The GME-Q was translated into Spanish and validated for Spanish-speaking CGM users with type 1 diabetes.