bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS): Key Components in Cancer Therapies
Authors: Sahoo Biswa Mohan , Banik Bimal Krishna , Borah Preetismita , Jain Adya 
Published: June 2021

Abstract:
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) refers to the highly reactive substances which contain oxygen radicals.
Hypochlorous acid, peroxides, superoxide, singlet oxygen, alpha-oxygen, and hydroxyl radicals are the major examples
of ROS. Generally, the reduction of oxygen (O2) in molecular form produces superoxide (•O2
−) anion. ROS are
produced during a variety of biochemical reactions within the cell organelles, such as endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria,
and peroxisome. Naturally, ROS are also formed as a byproduct of the normal metabolism of oxygen. The
production of ROS can be induced by various factors such as heavy metals, tobacco, smoke, drugs, xenobiotics, pollutants,
and radiation. From various experimental studies, it is reported that ROS acts as either a tumor-suppressing or a
tumor-promoting agent. The elevated level of ROS can arrest the growth of tumors through the persistent increase in
cell cycle inhibition. The increased level of ROS can induce apoptosis by both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. ROS is
considered to be a tumor-suppressing agent as the production of ROS is due to the use of most of the chemotherapeutic
agents in order to activate cell death. The cytotoxic effect of ROS provides impetus towards apoptosis, but in higher
levels, ROS can cause initiation of malignancy that leads to uncontrolled cell death in cancer cells. In contrast, some
species of ROS can influence various activities at the cellular level, including cell proliferation. This review highlights
the genesis of ROS within cells by various routes and their role in cancer therapies.
Evaluation of Silibinin-Loaded Microbubbles Combined with Ultrasound in Ovarian Cancer Cells: Cytotoxicity and Mechanisms
Authors: Zhou Liguang , Liu Jing , Meng Wen , Zhang Huawei , Chen Bo 
Published: June 2021

Background:
The anticancer activity of silibinin (SB) has been demonstrated in various cancer cell types.
However, its low solubility and poor bioavailability limit its clinical potential in biomedical applications. Microbubbles
in combination with ultrasound are promising vehicles for local drug delivery.

Objective:
The present study determined the antitumour effects and molecular mechanism of silibinin-loaded microbubbles
(SBMBs) in combination with ultrasound on ovarian cancer in vitro.

Methods:
SBMBs were prepared using mechanical vibration. The viability of A2780 cells was determined using the
MTT assay. Flow cytometry was performed to detect cell apoptosis and the cell cycle. The expression of Receptor
Tyrosine Kinase (RTK)-associated downstream proteins was detected using multiplex assays and Western blots.

Results:
The present study designed and synthesized SBMBs. SBMBs in combination with ultrasound decreased
A2780 cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) showed
that the cytotoxicity of the SBMBs was approximately 1.5 times greater than that of the SB in A2780 cells. SBMBs in
combination with ultrasound resulted in significantly higher apoptosis efficiency compared to the SB group, and the
SBMB population of cells was arrested in the G1/G0 phase. Further experiments demonstrated that SBMBs decreased
the expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), Ak strain transforming (AKT), and extracellular
signal-regulated kinase (Erk) and had a greater effect than SB in A2780 cells. Inhibitors of AKT, Erk and
STAT3 promoted the cytotoxicity of SBMBs.

Conclusion:
SBMBs in combination with ultrasound may enhance the cytotoxicity efficiency of SB via the promotion
of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in ovarian cancer cells and the inactivation of the STAT3, AKT and Erk signalling
pathways.
A Pan-cancer Analysis Reveals the Abnormal Expression and Drug Sensitivity of CSF1
Authors: Dai Xiaoshuo , Chen Xinhuan , Chen Wei , Chen Yihuan , Zhao Jun , Zhang Qiushuang , Lu Jing 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF1) is a cytokine that is closely related to normal
organ growth and development as well as tumor progression.

Objective:
We aimed to summarize and clarify the reasons for the abnormal expression of CSF1 in tumors and
explore the role of CSF1 in tumor progression. Furthermore, drug response analysis could provide a reference
for clinical medication.

Methods:
The expression of CSF1 was analyzed by TCGA and CCLE. Besides, cBioPortal and MethSurv databases
were used to conduct mutation and DNA methylation analyses. Further, correlations between CSF1 expression
and tumor stage, survival, immune infiltration, drug sensitivity and enrichment analyses were validated
via UALCAN, Kaplan-Meier plotter, TIMER, CTRP and Coexperia databases.

Results:
CSF1 is expressed in a variety of tissues; meaningfully, it can be detected in the blood. Compared with
normal tissues, CSF1 expression was significantly decreased in most tumors. The missense mutation and DNA
methylation of CSF1 might cause the downregulated expression. Moreover, decreased CSF1 expression was
related to higher tumor stage and worse survival. Further, the promoter DNA methylation level of CSF1 was
prognostically significant in most tumors. Besides, CSF1 was closely related to immune infiltration, especially
macrophages. Importantly, CSF1 expression was associated with a good response to VEGFRs inhibitors, which
may be due to the possible involvement of CSF1 in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis processes.

Conclusion:
The abnormal expression of CSF1 could serve as a promising biomarker of tumor progression and
prognosis in pan-cancer. Significantly, angiogenesis and metastasis inhibitors may show a good response to
CSF1-related tumors.
A Torsion Relative Angle Measurement Method Based on Fiber-Loop
Ring-Down with Intra-Cavity Amplification
Authors: Ma Tao , Tian Yongsheng , Liu Shaohui , Ma Jiahe , Liu Heng , Wang Fang , Zhou Ziqiang 
Published: June 2021

Background:
The fiber-loop ring-down spectroscopy technique has the benefits of optical
fiber sensors and also has many unique advantages. Combined with various sensor structures, the
FLRD system can achieve different physical, chemical, and biological sensors.

Objective:
To find a way to solve the problems of light fluctuation and low sensitivity, high sensitivity,
and reliability torsion relative angle measurement system is necessary.

Methods:
The torsion relative angle measurement is achieved by using the fiber loop ring-down intra-
cavity amplification. The sensitivity, correlation coefficient, and repeatability are analyzed with
the experiment.

Results:
The sensitivity and correlation coefficient of the proposed system are 4.05 μs/° and 0.9996,
respectively. The repeated experiments show that the standard deviation is 9.592×10-4.

Conclusion:
The proposed measurement method provides a way to solve the problems of light fluctuation
and low sensitivity and has promising applications in the optically active solutions, fiber radial
stress birefringence and polarization state measurement of fiber lasers.
A Method of Quantifying Refrigerant Distribution in a Two-Pass
Micro-Channel Evaporator
Authors: Xu Geng , Chen Hua , Zhao Songtian , Ren Shusong , Zhao Wei 
Published: June 2021

Background:
The flow rate distribution in the flat tubes of a micro-channel evaporator
is essential for its heat transfer performance. Due to a large number of flat tubes in a microchannel
evaporator, the flow rate distribution is often difficult to determine.

Objective:
An evaporator test rig was constructed to study the quantification of the refrigerant
mass flow rate distribution in a two-pass evaporator without destroying its structure.

Methods:
A heat transfer performance test rig for a two-pass evaporator was utilized. Subcooled
refrigerant R134a was pumped into the inlet header, and infrared thermography was used to obtain
the cloud map of the wall temperature distribution on the surface of the evaporator. The flow rate
distribution in each flat tube was calculated based on an analysis that combines the heat balance
between the air side and the refrigerant side with the effectiveness-Number of Transfer Units (ε-
NTU) method.

Results:
The flow rate distribution was found to be in good agreement with the evaporator wall
temperature distribution.The difference between the calculated and measured total mass flow rates
was less than 15.9%, which proves that the method is simple and effective. And the unevenness of
flow rate distribution in the 1st and 2nd pass is 0.13 and 0.32, respectively.

Conclusion:
This method is simple and effective, and does not destroy the structure of the microchannel
evaporator. However, it is only suitable for cases in which there exists a subcooled zone in
a pass, and is not applicable to a pass in which the refrigerant is only in a single-phase or a twophase
state.
DEVELOPMENT OF COGNITIVE ABILITIES IN CHILDREN WITH MENTAL RETARDATION THROUGH THE TECHNOLOGY OF STEP-BY-STEP FORMATION OF MENTAL ACTIONS IN THE PROCESS OF LEARNING THE ELEMENTS OF RESEARCH ACTIVITIES
Authors: Кузнецова Татьяна Владимировна 
Published: June 2021

Рассматривается возможность применения технологии поэтапного формирования умственных действий в процессе обучения детей элементам исследовательской деятельности как средства развития познавательных способностей младших школьников с задержкой психического развития.
Материалом исследования послужил теоретический анализ научно-методической литературы по теме исследования: теория поэтапного формирования умственных действий П. Я. Гальперина; положения о развитии познавательных способностей младших школьников как результата развивающего обучения В. В. Давыдова, А. В. Запорожца, Л. В. Занкова, А. Н. Леонтьева; подходы к развитию познавательных способностей детей с задержкой психического развития Н. В. Бабкиной, Л. Н. Блиновой, А. Д. Вильшанской, Г. Н. Пениным, У. В. Ульенковой, Л. М. Шипицыной.
Теоретический анализ научно-методической литературы позволил предположить, что технология поэтапного формирования умственных действий может эффективно применяться для обучения младших школьников с ЗПР элементам исследовательской деятельности на разном уровне самостоятельности и сложности и тем самым развивать у обучающихся познавательные способности.
The purpose of this article is to consider the possibility of using the technology of step-bystep formation of mental actions in the process of teaching children the elements of research activity, as a means of developing the cognitive abilities of younger schoolchildren with mental retardation.
The material of the study was a theoretical analysis of scientific and methodological literature on the topic of research: the theory of step-by-step formation of mental actions by P. Ya. Galperin; the provisions on the development of cognitive abilities of younger schoolchildren as a result of developing training by V. V. Davydov, A. V. Zaporozhets, L. V. Zankov, A. N. Leontiev; approaches to the development of cognitive abilities of children with mental retardation by N. V. Babkina, L. N. Blinova, A. D. Vilshanskaya, G. N. Penin, U. V. Ulenkova, L. M. Shipitsina.
The theoretical analysis of the scientific and methodological literature suggests that the technology of step-by-step formation of mental actions can be effectively used to teach younger students with mental retardation the elements of research activity at different levels of independence and complexity, and thereby develop students’ cognitive abilities.
The relevance of addressing the topic of the development of cognitive abilities in children with mental retardation (hereinafter referred to as PDA) is due to the fact that this category of children is one of the numerous groups represented in general education organizations that implement inclusive educational practice, since PDA can be observed in most categories of children with disabilities and is secondary in nature.
ACTIVATION OF COGNITIVE ACTIVITY OF SCHOOLCHILDREN IN TRAINING PHYSICS
Authors: Румбешта Елена Анатольевна , Жукевич Елизавета Игоревна , Власова Анна Алексеевна 
Published: June 2021

Ставится проблема развития познавательной деятельности школьников и активного ее применения. Развитие данного вида деятельности требует специальных методов и определенной организации уроков, что в настоящее время недостаточно разработано. На примере конкретной разработки урока физики показано, что вовлечение школьников в решение проблем на уроке и применение комплекса методов и приемов, позволяющих их решить, активизируют мыслительную деятельность и когнитивные способности. Анализируется, как можно организовать эвристическую беседу при проведении проблемных уроков и какие типы вопросов использовать в рамках беседы. Приведены конкретные количественные данные о развитии познавательного интереса учащихся 7-го и 8-го классов: уровень участия в эвристической беседе, усложнение характера вопросов, готовность к рефлексии и саморазвитию.
The problem of the development of the cognitive activity of schoolchildren and its active application is posed. The solution to this problem is associated with the development of the cognitive interest of students at the age when they begin to study physics. The cognitive activity of students of this age in teaching physics is associated with the development of such mental operations as understanding, logical thinking and depends on the level of their development.
The organization of active cognitive activity of schoolchildren in the classroom, in the process of which the ability to understand the presented material is formed, cognitive interest develops and logical thinking requires special methods and a certain organization of lessons, which is currently not sufficiently developed. It is proposed to do this on a system of problematic lessons. Using the example of a specific development of one of these physics lessons, it is shown that the involvement of schoolchildren in solving problems in the classroom and the use of a set of methods and techniques that allow them to be solved, activates mental activity and cognitive abilities. Heuristic conversation, the inclusion of some students in practical activities and interactive observation are used as methods and techniques. It analyzes how it is possible to organize a heuristic conversation when conducting problem lessons, and what types of questions to use in the framework of the conversation, how to organize the practice. The success of the proposed methods for the development of the cognitive activity of schoolchildren is confirmed by specific quantitative data on the development of the cognitive interest of 7th and 8th grade students: the level of participation in heuristic conversation, the complication of the nature of the questions that involve in the conversation, as well as the readiness for reflection and self-development.
Tactical Assembly Activities During The Covid-19 Pandemic in Al Ittihad Gadut Mosque Kecamatan Pauh Padang City
Authors: Nepradeni Mayu , Irmawita Irmawita 
Published: June 2021

This research was motivated by the implementation of majelis taklim activities during the Covid-19 pandemic by following health protocols. This study aims to determine the description of the planning, know the description of the implementation, and know the description of the existing supervision in the activities of the Taklim Assembly during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research is a quantitative descriptive study with an ex post facto approach. The subjects of this study were members / jama'ah of the Al Ittihad Al Ittihad Assembly Activities in Pauh Subdistrict, Padang City. The population was 44 people and a sample of 3 administrators and 30 members / jama'ah were taken from 70% of the total population using the Simple Ramdom Sampling technique. Data collection tools in this study using a questionnaire. The data analysis technique used in this study was to use the percentage formula. The results showed that the activities of majelis taklim during the Covid-19 pandemic were categorized as good in terms of planning, implementation, monitoring aspects. Suggestions from this research are expected that majelis taklim activities will continue to run well and be further improved in planning, implementing, and supervising activities. Keywords: activities, assemblies, taklim
Relationship Between Climate Class and The Learning Outcomes of Light Vehicle Engineering Training Participants in The Padang Jobs Training House
Authors: Wahyuni Zikria , Wisroni Wisroni 
Published: June 2021

This research was motivated by the low learning outcomes of the light vehicle engineering training participants which was thought to be caused by the less conducive climate for the light vehicle engineering training participants' class at the Padang Vocational Training Center. This study aims to see an overview of the class climate of the training participants, to see an overview of the learning outcomes of the training participants, and to see the relationship between the Class Climate and the Learning Outcomes of the Light Vehicle Engineering Training Participants at the Padang Job Training Center.This research is a correlational study that uses a quantitative approach. The population in this study were participants in the light vehicle engineering training class 2020. The data collection technique used was a questionnaire and the tools used were a written list of questions. The data analysis technique used the percentage formula and the Spearman Rho formula.The results of this study indicate that: (1) The climate of the training participants' class was categorized as very unfavorable; (2) The learning outcomes of the light vehicle engineering training participants are categorized as low; (3) There is a significant relationship between the classroom climate and the learning outcomes of participants in light vehicle engineering training at the Padang Vocational Training Center. The suggestion of this research is that it is hoped that the instructor will improve the classroom climate in light vehicle engineering training. Institution managers should facilitate instructors to create a classroom climate Keywords: Classroom Climate, Learning Outcomes
La interpretación no-toda y el lazo social
Authors: Tejo Ramiro 
Published: June 2021

La interpretación en algunas presentaciones de las psicosis toma la forma de lo ilimitado. La convicción de que todo significa, junto al carácter autorreferencial, lleva al sujeto, en ocasiones, a un proceso de ruptura en el lazo social. El trabajo clínico con estos sujetos puede orientarse en la dirección de introducir un no-todo a la interpretación produciendo de este modo un alivio en el padecimiento, así como también la posibilidad del sostenimiento del lazo social. El artículo es una investigación teórica que explora, a través de un recorrido bibliográfico y de hipótesis formuladas por el autor, los fundamentos teóricos que sustenta la orientación mencionada en el trabajo clínico con determinados sujetos de estructura psicótica. Allí, un límite en lo interpretativo posibilita el sostenimiento de un lazo social y un apaciguamiento del padecimiento psíquico.
Innovation and Leadership: A Study of Organizations Based in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Agarwal Ruchi , Gupta Babeet 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The successful practice of innovation in any organization demands the integration and interaction of individual, collective, and organizational climate levels of management. Leadership styles have an impact on all these three levels of management. However, little work has been done to assess this impact, especially in the context of United Arab Emirates (UAE)-based organizations. This study was conducted with the purpose of assessing whether leadership processes, tools, and techniques differ in innovative organizations and, thereafter, propose general leadership requirements for innovative projects in the UAE. This study adopts statistical data-processing methods, such as descriptive statistics, the reliability of the instrument, correlation, and regression analysis. Data obtained through a survey of UAE-based organizations were used for analyzing whether innovativeness (as perceived by employees) is statistically correlated with leadership dimensions. The research results show that the transformational leadership style scores better over transactional leadership when it comes to predicting innovations.
Optimization of 210Po determination in soil
Authors: Szaciłowski Grzegorz , Dymecka Małgorzata , Prusińska Maria , Rzemek Katarzyna , Ośko Jakub , Mądry Magdalena , Kostecka Michalina , Araszkiewicz Agnieszka 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In recent years, naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) have become an important topic from the perspective of environmental protection. The list of isotopes that should be monitored in the environment is constantly growing as new amendments to international legislation are introduced. One of the often studied NORM elements is 210Po. In this study, a process of elaborating of a new method of 210Po determination in soil was presented. In the proposed method, several analytical aspects, like the influence of silica decomposition or optimization of an electrode material, were revised. The obtained procedure allows performance of complete radiochemical analysis in a single day, with the chemical efficiency of over 85% and great reduction of costs. Further, the influence of the use of phosphate fertilizers on polonium concentration in soil was also confirmed.
THE EFFECT OF BIOGAS WASTE ON NUTRIENT CONTENTS AND MUSTARD PLANTS ( BRASSICA JU NCEA L.) PERFORMANCES
Authors: Junus Mochammad , Nugroho Hary , Pinandita Eggipur , Fa'izah Shafa , Fadilah Dia 
Published: June 2021

The aim of research to determine the effect of sludge that mixed with plant waste and livestock waste on soil nutrient content and Brassica L. performances The research method used was the experiment of adding local microorganism solution (LMS) of banana weevil, coconut fiber ash and eggshell flour into sludge of quail and octopus waste as organic fertilizer with a completely randomized design (CRD) method with 6 treatments and 4 replications The treatments used consisted of P0: sludge 100%; P1 :sludge 50% + LMS 20% + Ash 10% + Eggshell Flour 20%; P2: sludge 50% + LMS 20% + Ash 12.5% ​​+ Eggshell Flour 17.5%; P3: sludge 50% + LMS 20% + Ash 15% + Eggshell Flour 15%; P4: sludge 50% + LMS 20% + Ash 17.5% + Eggshell Flour 12.5% and P5: sludge 50% + LM S 20% + Ash 20% + Eggshell Flour 10%. The result showed that the treatment given had a very significant effect (P &lt;0.01) on the total N content, elements P and K, but the highest average was obtained from P0 (100% sludge), so it can be concluded that had no effect on nutrient content. The average of total N values ​​ranged from 1.15 ± 0.10 to 2.39 ± 0.40 percent, element P ranges from 2.65 ± 0.19 to 5.28 ± 0.19 percent and element K ranges from 1.08 ± 0.05 to 4.28 ± 0.21 percent. And for Brassica L. this treatment give a real effect (P &lt;0.01) to the height and weight of a mustard plant wet and did not give an effect (P &lt;0.05) to the number of leaves of mustard plants. The conclusion of this study are the mixed sludge waste had a significant effect on soil nutrient content and on Brassica L. performance.