bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
I'll manage myself: the moderator effect of positive framing on the relationship between organisational politics and engagement
Authors: James Robinson 
Published: March 2021

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the influence of organisational politics on work engagement and the moderator effect of positive framing on this relationshipDesign/methodology/approachData were collected from 241 public sector employees in Sri Lanka through a structured questionnaire and analysed with partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS_SEM).FindingsThe results indicated that organisational politics negatively influenced employees' work engagement, positive framing positively influenced engagement and weakened the negative relationship between politics and engagement.Practical implicationsThis study suggests that organisation and individuals must take the necessary steps to enhance work engagement. Organisations must be transparent in all activities to avoid employees' negative perception. Also, organisations need to take steps to recruit employees with positive framing or develop this competency through training and development. Individuals also need to take necessary steps to frame the work environment positively to enhance their engagement in work.Originality/valueThis study extends the literature by being the first to examine the positive framing as a moderator in the relationship between politics and engagement. This study found that positive framing as a resource reduced the harmful effect of organisational politics on engagement and suggested positive framing can be considered as a resource in the future investigation of the job demand–resource model.
Satellite magnetic/momentum wheel attitude control technology based on PIO cascade-saturation algorithm
Authors: Hua Bing , Zhang Nan , Zheng Mohong 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
Taking into account the factors of torque saturation and angular velocity limitation during the actual attitude maneuver of the satellite, as well as the difficulty of parameter selection in the design of attitude control algorithm, the purpose of this paper is to propose a satellite magnetic/momentum wheel attitude control technology based on pigeon-inspired optimization (PIO) cascade-saturation control law optimization.

Design/methodology/approach
The optimal parameters are calculated through the PIO algorithm and then the parameters are used in the cascade-saturation control law to control the actuator findings-mathematical simulation results show that the cascade-saturation control law optimization algorithm based on PIO can shorten the adjustment time and reduce the steady-state error.

Findings
Compared with traditional attitude maneuver control with given parameters, the PIO algorithm can accurately calculate the optimal parameters needed to achieve the control objective and this method has better stability and higher accuracy.

Originality/value
The innovative PIO algorithm is used to calculate the optimal parameters, and the cascade saturation control law is used to control the actuator. Compared with the traditional algorithm, the regulation time is shortened and the steady-state error is reduced.
Psoriasis: Comorbidities
Authors: Yamazaki Fumikazu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPsoriasis has long been known as a disease with many complications, but was attributed to diet and obesity. However, in recent years, psoriasis itself has been recognized as a series of systemic inflammatory diseases, and that the cytokines involved can induce a variety of other diseases. Individuals with psoriasis were also found to have higher incidences of cerebral and cardiovascular diseases and a younger age at death compared to healthy individuals. However, no clear guidelines have been defined regarding how much vascular lesion testing should be performed in patients with psoriasis. In this report, I attempt to unravel the objective data on psoriasis and its complications from various reviews and reports, and introduce the impact of biologics, which are currently the main treatment for psoriasis, on cardiac vascular disease.
Leaf silicification provides herbivore defence regardless of the extensive impacts of water stress
Authors: Vandegeer Rebecca K. , Cibils‐Stewart Ximena , Wuhrer Richard , Hartley Susan E. , Tissue David T. , Johnson Scott N. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAltered precipitation patterns due to climate change are likely to impose water‐deficit stress in plants resulting in changes to specific leaf mass, leaf water content and chemical defences that may impact herbivorous arthropods. Grasses, in particular, accumulate large concentrations of silicon (Si) which provides physical defence against herbivores. Although Si uptake by plants may be affected by water availability, very few studies have investigated the combined effect of water‐deficit stress and Si on insect herbivore performance.We grew tall fescueFestuca arundinaceaSchreb. hydroponically, with and without Si, and half of the plants were treated with 20% polyethylene glycol (PEG) to impose osmotic stress. In all, 11 leaf traits (physiological, chemical and structural) were measured, silicified phytoliths on the leaf surface were visualised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in conjunction with X‐ray mapping, and plants were exposed to a chewing insect herbivore [Helicoverpa armigeraHübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)].Although osmotic stress was associated with changes to leaf physiological and chemical traits, including increased specific leaf mass, decreased leaf relative water content and increased leaf nitrogen (N), there was no significant effect onH. armigerarelative growth rate (RGR). However, Si reduced RGR ofH. armigeraby 80%–98% while generating few changes to physiological and chemical leaf traits. Instead, the decline in RGR with Si was associated with changes to leaf structural traits, in particular, a greater density of silicified phytoliths on the leaf surface.Comparison of effect sizes indicated that leaf traits were primarily affected by osmotic stress but not Si, and that herbivore RGR was strongly negatively affected by Si but not osmotic stress. There was no interactive effect between the osmotic stress and Si treatments onH. armigeraRGR or plant traits except for leaf nitrogen and phenolic concentrations. This study provides further support that Si may prove to be beneficial to plants against chewing insect pests and remains robust regardless of water‐deficit stress conditions.A freePlain Language Summarycan be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Across borders: External factors and prior behaviour influence North Pacific albatross associations with fishing vessels
Authors: Orben Rachael A. , Adams Josh , Hester Michelle , Shaffer Scott A. , Suryan Robert M. , Deguchi Tomohiro , Ozaki Kiyoaki , Sato Fumio , Young Lindsay C. , Clatterbuck Corey , Conners Melinda G. , Kroodsma David A. , Torres Leigh G. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Understanding encounters between marine predators and fisheries across national borders and outside national jurisdictions offers new perspectives on unwanted interactions to inform ocean management and predator conservation. Although seabird–fisheries overlap has been documented at many scales, remote identification of vessel encounters has lagged because vessel movement data often are lacking.

Here, we reveal albatrosses–fisheries associations throughout the North Pacific Ocean. We identified commercial fishing operations using Global Fishing Watch data and algorithms to detect fishing vessels. We compiled GPS tracks of adult black‐footed Phoebastria nigripes and Laysan Phoebastria immutabilis albatrosses, and juvenile short‐tailed albatrosses Phoebastria albatrus. We quantified albatrosses‐vessel encounters based on the assumed distance that birds perceive a vessel (≤30 km), and associations when birds approached vessels (≤3 km). For each event we quantified bird behaviour, environmental conditions and vessel characteristics and then applied Boosted Regression Tree models to identify drivers and the duration of these associations.

In regions of greater fishing effort short‐tailed and Laysan albatrosses associated with fishing vessels more frequently. However, fishing method (e.g. longline, trawl) and flag nation did not influence association prevalence nor the duration short‐tailed albatrosses attended fishing vessels. Laysan albatrosses were more likely to approach longer vessels. Black‐footed albatrosses were the most likely to approach vessels (61.9%), but limited vessel encounters (n = 21) prevented evaluation of meaningful explanatory models for this species of high bycatch concern.

Temporal variables (time of day and month) and bird behavioural state helped explain when short‐tailed albatrosses were in close proximity to a vessel, but environmental conditions were more important for explaining interaction duration. Laysan albatrosses were more likely to associate with vessels while searching and during the last 60% (by time) of their trips.

Our results provide specific species–fisheries insight regarding contributing factors of high‐risk associations that could lead to bycatch of albatrosses within national waters and on the high seas.

Policy implications. Given the availability of Global Fishing Watch data, our analysis can be applied to other marine predators—if tracking data are available—to identify spatio‐temporal patterns, vessel specific attributes and predator behaviours associated with fishing vessel associations, thus enabling predictive modelling and targeted mitigation measures.
Selective effects of small barriers on river‐resident fish
Authors: Jones Peter E. , Champneys Toby , Vevers Jessica , Börger Luca , Svendsen Jon C. , Consuegra Sofia , Jones Joshua , Garcia de Leaniz Carlos 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Habitat fragmentation is a principal threat to biodiversity and artificial river barriers are a leading cause of the global decline in freshwater biota. Although the impact of barriers on diadromous fish is well established, impacts on river‐resident fish communities remain unclear, especially for low‐head barriers.

We examined the movement of five contrasting freshwater fish (topmouth gudgeon, European minnow, stone loach, bullhead and brown trout) in an experimental cascade mesocosm with seven pools separated by small vertical barriers.

Passage rates differed significantly among species and increased with body size and sustained swimming speed (Usus), ranging from an average of 0.2 passes/hr in topmouth gudgeon to 3.4 passes/hr in brown trout. A random‐walk simulation indicated that barriers can result in net downstream movement and shifts in community composition.

Passage rates in brown trout were leptokurtic, that is, most individuals were relatively sedentary while a small proportion showed frequent movements. Upstream passage rates of brown trout increased with body length and boldness while fish with lower aerobic scope tended to move downstream. Passage rates showed significant individual repeatability in brown trout, independent of body size, indicating the potential for in‐stream barriers to exert selective effects on fish populations.

Our results show that barrier effects can be more complex than simply blocking fish passage, and that river‐resident fish can be impacted even by very small barriers. We show that fish passage depends on a wide range of morphological, physiological and behavioural drivers, and that barriers can exert selective effects on these traits and cause shifts in community composition.

Policy implications. Barrier mitigation measures need to embrace interspecific and intraspecific variation in fish passage to avoid inadvertent artificial selection on fish communities. Given the high abundance of low‐head structures in river systems worldwide, a paradigm shift is needed to recognise the subtle impacts of small barriers on freshwater biodiversity. Removal of small barriers or nature‐like fishways should allow better passage of the wider fish community compared to widely used salmonid‐centric fish passage options.
Narrating inequality, eliding empire
Authors: Bhambra Gurminder K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPiketty’s call for a historically informed, global analysis of inequality is timely, as is the need for a corresponding transformation of our current politics. However, I believe there to be a fundamental flaw in his analysis which reproduces a Eurocentric approach to understanding global inequality. The key issue is that Piketty organizes his historical comparative analysis in terms of inequality within nations. Yet, the polities he is discussing were rarely just nations over the long durée. Rather, they were imperial formations constituted by a colonizing state and the territories and populations that were incorporated. His approach separates the logic of what he calls the modern proprietarian regime of inequality from enslavement and colonialism when both were integral to it. In contrast, I argue for them to be seen as necessarily interconnected with a lasting legacy in contemporary configurations of global inequality.
Material conditions and ideas in global history
Authors: Motadel David , Drayton Richard 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSince the rise of a “scientific” historiography in the nineteenth century, the role of ideas in history versus that of material forces has been a key philosophical problem. Thomas Piketty's Capital and Ideology (2019), read as a work of global history, offers a provocative rehearsal of this question. On the one hand, the book is an attempt to provide a narrative historical frame for the hard data of the World Inequality Database. On the other, paradoxically, it offers a defiant conclusion that ideology is, or at least could be, the key driver in social and institutional change towards universal progress. St Simon, Comte and Spencer have found their twenty‐first century heir. How can we historicize Piketty's impetus, both understanding its provenance and making sense of its limitations? One key issue is its roots in the traditions of National Accounts, which leads to an approach to the global which is stresses comparison over connection, and to an uncritical reproduction of the portrait of an egalitarian non‐capitalist Twentieth century painted by Kuznets during the Cold War. Another is its presentism, with the historical argument driven by an attempt to understand the c.1980–2020 conjuncture and its alternatives, and a connected overdependence on the support of a few historians. A third, a consequence in part of the inequalities between the quality of data we have for different parts of the world, and of Piketty's provenance and imagined audience, is a Eurocentric, even Gallocentric approach. A fourth is a very French republican refusal to address how class is complicated by identities of race and nation so that neither egalitarian policies nor ideologies provide remedies for the populist politics of right. None of these criticisms are in contradiction with our view that Capital and Ideology is a work of social theory of world historical importance.
Black lives matter, capital, and ideology: Spiraling out from India
Authors: Shah Alpa , Lerche Jens 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPiketty's propositions for arresting inequality are discussed through the lens of racism/casteism. We focus on the case of India's George Floyds—the persistence of caste and tribe oppression under economic growth in India—through the insights of our long‐term ethnographic research. We show that inequalities are intimately tied to dynamics of capitalist accumulation in which racial/ethnic/caste/tribe and gender difference is crucial. We argue for an analysis that truly integrates ideology and the dynamics of political economy. The wider implications, we argue are political; they lie in the question of what is to be done. Despite his ambitions to decenter economics, Piketty remains trapped in the logic of economics for what he proposes are essentially economic reforms within capitalism. Moreover, ideological change cannot be a matter of choice only, and cannot be challenged solely at the level of ideas around economic inequality. It will also have to be fought as a direct contest of oppressive ideologies such as racism, casteism, and patriarchy, leading to new counter‐hegemonic positions. We will argue that this takes us from a global history of ideology to a global anthropology of praxis. A first step is to genuinely center conversations with disciplines like anthropology, sociology, and subaltern history studying people and voices from below and from the margins, and the perspectives of scholars and activists from below and from the margins.
Forensic comparison analysis of plastic vehicle headlamp lens by gel permeation chromatography and statistical methods
Authors: Guo Hongling , Wang Ping , Hu Can , Mei Hongcheng , Zheng Jili , Zhu Jun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractComparison analysis of vehicle headlamp lens fragments can help establish links between the relevant vehicle with crime scenes or provide useful information to search the related vehicles. Headlamp lenses are mainly made of polycarbonate with very few signature additives, which makes them difficult to be discriminated by commonplace examination methods of infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. In this study, molecular weights (Mw) and the polydispersity index (PDI) value of 50 vehicle headlamp lens fragments from different vehicles were measured by gel permeation chromatography, and Hotelling's T2 statistical method was applied to facilitate interpretation of the data. Among the total pairs of comparisons between 50 samples, 62 pairs cannot be distinguished, resulting in a discrimination rate of 94.94%. It suggested that the method of gel permeation chromatography and Hotelling's T2 statistical analysis were powerful to make further discrimination between plastic vehicle headlamp lens fragments.
Bioactivity of two marine algae extracts and their synthesized silver nanoparticles as safe controls against Musca domestica housefly
Authors: Mahyoub Jazem A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this study, two marine algae, Avrainvillea amadelpha and Codium edule, and their synthesized silver nanoparticles were evaluated against the second larval instars of the housefly Musca domestica. The marine algae‐fabricated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The precolored aqueous silver solution changed from pale yellow to brown by mixing the algae extracts, revealing Ag nanocomposite production. There was a maximum UV–vis absorption at 400 nm for A. amadelpha and 420 nm for C. edule. SEM results showed that the A. amadelpha‐ and C. edule‐fabricated AgNPs were spherical and irregular in shape. A. amadelpha extract alone gave higher effective mortalities against M. domestica larvae, which were 22.1–98.3% in the tested concentrations (62.5–1,000 ppm), while a highly significant increased mortality (36.9–99.7%) was obtained from concentrations ranging from 6.3–100 ppm when A. amadelpha extract was mixed with silver nanoparticles. C. edule extract alone gave moderate effective control with 15.9–90.3% mortality using the above concentrations, whereas the mortality significantly increased (21.8–95.8%) with concentrations ranging from 6.3–100 ppm when C. edule extract was mixed with silver nanoparticles. According to the LC50 values, A. amadelpha with silver nanoparticles (LC50 9.66 ppm) provided more effective control against larval stages of M. domestica than A. amadelpha alone (LC50 133.08 ppm) by a factor of 13.776. Additionally, C. edule alone provided moderately effective control (LC50 300.37 ppm), while when mixed with silver nanoparticles, it provided highly effective control (LC50 21.34 ppm) by a factor of 14.075. Some algae extracts that synthesize silver nanoparticles offer a promising role in housefly integrated pest management (IPM) and may be an effective alternative to conventional synthetic insecticides.
Insights into the cyanosphere: capturing the respective metabolisms of cyanobacteria and chemotrophic bacteria in natural conditions?
Authors: Pascault Noémie , Rué Olivier , Loux Valentin , Pédron Jacques , Martin Véronique , Tambosco Jennifer , Bernard Cécile , Humbert Jean‐François , Leloup Julie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSpecific interactions have been highlighted between cyanobacteria and chemotrophic bacteria within the cyanosphere, suggesting that nutrients recycling could be optimized by cyanobacteria/bacteria exchanges. In order to determine the respective metabolic roles of the cyanobacterial and bacterial consortia (microbiome), a day–night metatranscriptomic analysis was performed on Dolichospermum sp. (N2‐fixer) and Microcystis sp. (non N2‐fixer) natural blooms occurring successively within a French peri‐urban lake. The taxonomical and functional analysis of the metatranscriptoms have highlighted specific association of bacteria within the cyanosphere, driven by the cyanobacteria identity, without strongly modifying the functional composition of the microbiomes, suggesting functional redundancy within the cyanosphere. Moreover, the functional composition of these active communities was driven by the living mode. During the two successive bloom events, it appeared that NH4+ (newly fixed and/or allochthonous) was preferentially transformed into amino acids for the both the microbiome and the cyanobacteria, while phosphate metabolism was enhanced, suggesting that due to a high cellular growth, P limitation might take place within the cyanosphere consortium.
A machine learning approach for classifying and quantifying acoustic diversity
Authors: Keen Sara C. , Odom Karan J. , Webster Michael S. , Kohn Gregory M. , Wright Timothy F. , Araya‐Salas Marcelo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Assessing diversity of discretely varying behaviour is a classical ethological problem. In particular, the challenge of calculating an individuals’ or species’ vocal repertoire size is often an important step in ecological and behavioural studies, but a reproducible and broadly applicable method for accomplishing this task is not currently available.

We offer a generalizable method to automate the calculation and quantification of acoustic diversity using an unsupervised random forest framework. We tested our method using natural and synthetic datasets of known repertoire sizes that exhibit standardized variation in common acoustic features as well as in recording quality. We tested two approaches to estimate acoustic diversity using the output from unsupervised random forest analyses: (a) cluster analysis to estimate the number of discrete acoustic signals (e.g. repertoire size) and (b) an estimation of acoustic area in acoustic feature space, as a proxy for repertoire size.

We find that our unsupervised analyses classify acoustic structure with high accuracy. Specifically, both approaches accurately estimate element diversity when repertoire size is small to intermediate (5–20 unique elements). However, for larger datasets (20–100 unique elements), we find that calculating the size of the area occupied in acoustic space is a more reliable proxy for estimating repertoire size.

We conclude that our implementation of unsupervised random forest analysis offers a generalizable tool that researchers can apply to classify acoustic structure of diverse datasets. Additionally, output from these analyses can be used to compare the distribution and diversity of signals in acoustic space, creating opportunities to quantify and compare the amount of acoustic variation among individuals, populations or species in a standardized way. We provide R code and examples to aid researchers interested in using these techniques.