bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of a tool to assess dementia specific quality of life: Evidence from a South Asian population
Authors: Jayakody S. , Arambepola C. 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundDementia is now fast becoming a public health priority worldwide, including in South Asia. But research about the quality of life of patients with dementia in this part of the world is limited. AimsThe present study was aimed at cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Sinhala version of the Dementia Specific Quality of Life (DEMQOL) and DEMQOL-Proxy tools among patients with dementia and their caregivers in Sri Lanka. MethodsThe 28-item DEMQOL and 31-item DEMQOL-Proxy tools which were originally developed and validated in the United Kingdom were initially translated, culturally adapted using modified Delphi process with a panel of experts and tested for judgmental validity. Construct validity was assessed by using multi-trait scaling analysis and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), based on data obtained from 100 dyads of patients with mild moderate dementia and their primary caregivers attending state hospital psychiatry clinics in the Gampaha district. The structure of the DEMQOL and DEMQOL-Proxy was evaluated based on a variety of fit indices. Reliability was assessed using the test retest method and internal consistency. ResultsAll the items showed good psychometric properties in judgmental validity and item convergent discriminant validity. In CFA, using robust maximum likelihood method, the original four-factor model emerged with DEMQOL validation data, whereas a five factor model was best fitted with DEMQOL-Proxy validation data. The reliability of the DEMQOL (Cronbach’s alpha=0.87; correlation coefficient=0.864) and DEMQOL-Proxy (Cronbach’s alpha= 0.874; correlation coefficient=0.834) was satisfactory. ConclusionsThe Sinhala versions of the DEMQOL and DEMQOL Proxy scales are valid and reliable in assessing the QOL of dementia patients of mild-moderate severity in Sri Lanka. This tool can be used by healthcare professionals to understand the current level of QOL as well as to give direction towards improvement required.
Demographically-adjusted normative data for Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) among Sri Lankan adults
Authors: Dassanayake Tharaka Lagath , Baminiwatta Anuradha , Ariyasinghe Dewasmika Indrapali 
Published: June 2021

Background: Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) is a simple pencil-and-paper substitution task that measures divided attention, visual scanning and processing speed. It is sensitive to cognitive impairment in a wide variety of neuropsychiatric conditions. Extant normative data for the SDMT, mainly based on Western populations, may not be applicable for Sri Lankans.
Aims: We aimed to create sex-, age- and education-adjusted regression-based norms for the SDMT for Sri Lankan adults.
Methods: Four-hundred and twenty-two community-living adults (220 women, 52.1%), aged 18 to 83 years, with 5 to 23 years of education, completed the study. We conducted multiple linear regression analyses with sex, age and years of education to predict the SDMT score.
Results: The SDMT scores of the sample ranged from 5 to 72, with a mean (SD) score of 35.98 (12.87). The regression model [predicted SDMT score = 29.395 - (1.549 × sex) - (0.434 × age in years) + (2.207 × years of education)] explained 56.5% of the variance in SDMT scores (adjusted R2 = 0.565; F=183; p
Cyclic AMP Response Element Modulator-α Suppresses PD-1 Expression and Promotes Effector CD4+ T Cells in Psoriasis
Authors: Hofmann Sigrun R , Carlsson Emil , Kapplusch Franz , Carvalho Ana L , Liloglou Triantafillos , Schulze Felix , Abraham Susanne , Northey Sarah , Russ Susanne , Surace Anna E A , Yoshida Nobuya , Tsokos George C , Hedrich Christian M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Effector CD4+ T lymphocytes contribute to inflammation and tissue damage in psoriasis, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. The transcription factor CREMα controls effector T cell function in people with systemic autoimmune diseases. The inhibitory surface coreceptor PD-1 plays a key role in the control of effector T cell function and its therapeutic inhibition in patients with cancer can cause psoriasis. In this study, we show that CD4+ T cells from patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis exhibit increased production of IL-17 but decreased expression of IL-2 and PD-1. In genetically modified mice and Jurkat T cells CREMα expression was linked to low PD-1 levels. We demonstrate that CREMα is recruited to the proximal promoter of PDCD1 in which it trans-represses gene expression and corecruits DNMT3a-mediating DNA methylation. As keratinocytes limit inflammation by PD-1 ligand expression and, in this study, reported reduced expression of PD-1 on CD4+ T cells is linked to low IL-2 and high IL-17A production, our studies reveal a molecular pathway in T cells from people with psoriasis that can deserve clinical exploitation.
Efecto de la Neuroeducación en tiempos de Pandemia
Authors: Palma Morales Silvia Judith , Monroy Díaz Liliana Elizabeth , Castillo Mendoza Jim Roberto , Guillén Dardón Dick Randolfo , Balán González Ingrid Irlanda 
Published: June 2021

La Neuroeducación encontró diversos desafíos para contribuir al proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje, debido a distintos factores contextuales y emocionales que obstaculizaron su aplicación en las distintas metodologías de estudio. Componentes socioculturales limitaron el acceso a una parte de la población estudiantil guatemalteca a teléfonos y computadoras de gama alta, siendo indispensables para sus clases virtuales o híbridas. Estos elementos también generaron frustración en cuidadores y educadores debido a la escasa o nula capacitación para su manejo. Una metodología ortodoxa que valora más en términos cuantitativos que cualitativos al estudiante, deponiendo su humanidad, anulando o invalidando sus emociones que por consecuencia de la pandemia y el estrés generado en casa y en el ambiente escolar no son apreciadas dentro del desarrollo cognitivo del estudiante, ignorando que son fundamentales para un exitoso proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje. La impotencia de padres, cuidadores y educadores, se desplaza a los niños y adolescentes que en su afán de preservación ignoran el aprendizaje escolar. Literatura diversa aunada a conversatorios con educadores y padres de familia nos llevaron a concluir que el conocimiento del cerebro y su incidencia en la conducta es indispensable para adecuar metodologías de estudio individualizadas sin ignorar las emociones y el juego como precursor y base del aprendizaje.
STRATEGI CITY BRANDING MELALUI GELARAN BUDAYA TARI SPARKLING SEBAGAI KOMUNIKASI PARIWISATA KOTA SURABAYA
Authors: Lestari Seyla Pratiwi , Agustiningsih Glorya 
Published: June 2021

City branding is a strategy used by a city to build and communicate city’s strong positioning regionally and globally through tourism promotion. City branding of Surabaya is a form of Surabaya marketing communication tool in tourism, following the era where cities today rely on branding for packaging and promoting tourism in the city. Sparkling Surabaya promotional activities are carried out in various forms summarized in promotion and cooperation. Promotional material in the form of brochures, books, calendars, posters, pamphlets, stickers, photos, videos, maps, souvenirs, and free magazines can be found at the Tourist Information Center (TIC), hotels, and various other places that are easily accessible to the tourists. One of marketing communications tools of city branding arised nowadays is a cultural event, such as Sparkling Surabaya dance that expresses the city of Surabaya through motion as language of symbols. This study aims to determine the city branding strategy in an effort to promote tourism through the Sparkling dance culture event in Surabaya. The research method uses a qualitative approach with interviews and documentation as data collection techniques. The results of the research are useful for scientific development in the field of communication, especially for city government and the tourism industry in practical terms.

Keywords: City Branding, Sparkling Surabaya Dance, Tourism Communication.
SIMBOL DAN MAKNA SIRIH PINANG PADA SUKU ATONI PAH METO DI TIMOR TENGAH UTARA
Authors: Suminar Erna 
Published: June 2021

This paper investigates social interaction, the meaning of messages and, human actions are activities based on certain symbols. This research focuses on the Sirih pinang tradition of the people of the Atoni Pah Meto tribe. Sirih Pinang has a role in the fundamental cultural symbols in the life of social courtesy and social interaction. Using the Symbolic Interaction Theory Herbert Blumer (1986), this study explains the symbolic function and meaning of Sirih Pinang which will be useful for everyone in establishing social, economic, educational and, political relations with the Atoni Pah Meto tribe, also for the Atoni Pah Meto community. This study uses a qualitative method with participant observation. Three Indigenous Elders who have in-depth knowledge of this tradition were critical informants in the study. Participant observations were carried out in the field by living and living with the Atoni Pah Meto tribe during the survey in the Kefetoran Aplal North Central Timor Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province. The results of this study indicate a relationship between the Sirih Pinang symbol and the local religious beliefs of ancestral heritage. In ritual communication to honor the spirits of sirih pinang is a symbol that has ethical values ​​and meaning. Sirih Pinang is included in unifying tribal members and in breaking up as a practice of various forms of communication that has the value and meaning of family and friendship. Furthermore, humans modify the meaning, the result of developing social interaction. Sirih Pinang is used as a tool for negotiation, lobbying, and enters the realm of political communication and then experiences a shift in meaning.
Keywords: Symbolic Interaction Theory, Intracultural Communication, Atoni Pah Meto Tribe, Indonesian Culture, Sirih Pinang.
Coronavirus new variants: the mutations cause and the effect on the treatment and vaccination
Authors: Raheem Rasha , Alsayed Raghda , Yousif Emad , Hairunisa Nany Hairunisa 
Published: June 2021

Background: The world has watched with growing alarm as scientists in the U.K. Identified a new coronavirus variant that appears to be more contagious than, and genetically distinct from, other established variants. The scientists keep collecting the facts about the new variant and its impact on symptom, severity, mortality, and vaccine efficacy. Objective: This review shed light on the SARS-CoV-2 2020 virus that appeared in Britain and South Africa in December 2020, known as B.1.1.7. Furthermore, it highlights the main differences between the new COVID-19 version (B.1.1.7) and the other strains of the virus. Conclusion: Mutations are still happening in the SARS-CoV-2 virus as the RNA viruses cause many changes in the proteins of the spikes of the virus and other parts. The British variant has 23 mutations, compared with the version that erupted in Wuhan, that renders the virus more contagious; however, these mutations do not change the disease's severity.
Development, validity and reliability of the Sports Injury Prevention Awareness Scale
Authors: Ercan Sabriye , Önal Özgür 
Published: June 2021

Objective: This study aimed to develop the Sports Injury Prevention Awareness Scale (SIPAS) and to determine its validity and reliability for use with the Turkish population.
Materials and Methods: This methodological study was initiated after approval by the local ethics committee. After a review of the literature, a pool of 31 items was developed. The items were organized into a 5-point Likert-type scale (Scale v.1), and the content validity of this pilot-scale was assessed using the Lawshe method, for which expert opinion was used to determine content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI). Subsequently, the pilot-scale was applied to a sample of at least 10 times the number of items. Participants' descriptive information, and responses were recorded electronically (Google Forms). Data were analyzed and the validity and reliability of the scale were assessed using SPSS v.23 and AMOS v.24.
Results: The content validity of the scale (Scale v.1) was assessed using opinions from 18 experts. Items that did not meet the minimum CVR threshold were eliminated (k=2). The remaining 29-item scale (Scale v.2) had a CVI of 0.696 and was applied to a total of 379 participants (147 males, 38.8%; 232 females, 61.2%) with a mean age of 29.2±11.3 years. From Scale v.2, a total of 11 items were removed due to reducing Cronbach's alpha coefficient (k=5), lack of variables (k=1), or cross-loading between factors (k=5). The remaining 18 items (Scale v.3) explained 59.7% of the variance. Analyses revealed four factors with eigenvalues λ>1.0. The reliability of Scale v.3 was demonstrated with a Spearman-Brown reliability coefficient of 0.778, a Guttman split-half reliability coefficient of 0.772, and a Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient of 0.884. Scale v.3 satisfied the goodness-of-fit indices in confirmatory factor analysis.
Conclusions: The 18-item four-factor (health status, environmental factors and equipment, exercise session, exercise program) Sports Injury Prevention Awareness Scale is valid and reliable for use with Turkish individuals aged 13-66 years.
Automatic Screening of Lung Diseases by 3D Active Contour Method for Inhomogeneous Motion Estimation in CT Image Pairs
Authors: VEJJANUGRAHA Pikul , KOTANI Kazunori , KONGPRAWECHNON Waree , KONDO Toshiaki , TUNGPIMOLRUT Kanokvate 
Published: June 2021

Lung diseases are now the third leading cause of death worldwide because of the many risk factors we are exposed to daily, such as air pollution, tobacco use, viruses (such as COVID-19), and bacteria. This work introduces a new approach of the 3D Active Contour Model (3D ACM) to estimate an inhomogeneous motion of lungs, which can be used to analyze lung disease patterns using a hierarchical predictive model. The biophysical model of lungs consists of End Expiratory (EE) and End Inspiratory (EI) models, generated by high-resolution computed tomography images (HRCT). A proposed technique uses the 3D ACM to estimate the velocity vector by using the corresponding points on the parametric surface model of the EE model to the EI model. The external energy from the EI models is the external force that pushes the 3D parametric surface to reach the boundary. The external forces, such as the balloon force and Gradient Vector Flow (GVF), were adjusted adaptively based on the which was calculated from the ratio of the maximum value of EI to EE on the Z axis. Next, the feature representation is studied and evaluated based on the lung structure, separated into five lobes. The stepwise regression, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) techniques are applied to classify the lung diseases into normal, obstructive lung, and restrictive lung diseases. In conclusion, the inhomogeneous motion pattern of lungs integrated with medical-based knowledge can be used to analyze lung diseases by differentiating normal and abnormal motion patterns and separating restrictive and obstructive lung diseases.
HIGHLIGHTS

Inhomogeneous motion analysis from the expanding and shrinking lungs of HRCT pair
Adaptive 3D Active Contour Model (ACM) for detecting the shape of the lung by balancing the balloon force with the stopping condition
Lung lopes separation using oblique fissure and anatomical location
Structure the velocity vector map of lung motion using bag of words of the magnitude
Neural Network model for predicting obstructive and restrictive lung diseases

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Taxing Computer Software Royalties in Kenya: Reconciling Conceptual Approaches through Copyright and Property Law
Authors: Kamau Claude 
Published: June 2021

Kenya has recently witnessed litigation regarding the tax implications of acquired software. Simply phrased, if software is intellectual property, then the usual tax implications attached to intellectual property will obtain. Though intuitive, this position is not as straightforward when it comes to acquisition of computer software. One main reason is responsible for the difficulty – the anatomy of computer software. This anatomy forces a more nuanced analysis of the components of a software transaction, and specifically the nature of interest in question. A corollary is that a diverse range of transactions – all involving different and separate interests – are possible. A proper taxation regime requires clarity as to what subject matter is subject to the tax treatment, be it a sale, licence, gift, and so on. The diversity of transactions possible regarding a single copyrighted work, however, anticipate the possibility of varied subject matter, specifically for tax purposes, which possibility diminishes any immediate certainty of the subject matter involved. Therefore, if it is possible for various kinds of market transactions, all with different tax implications, to inhere with respect to a single work of software, a more deliberate view is required. Kenyan jurisprudence has appeared to accept a broad characterisation of software-related transactions as attracting royalty payments.
Recognising the obvious conceptual error in this view, other jurisdictions have drawn a clearer line between ‘copyright’ itself and ‘copyright-embodying’ articles. Fundamentally antithetical tax obligations accordingly accompany this differentiation.
A Multilayered Work
Authors: Gladstein Mimi Reisel 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this posthumously published novel, Layers, Nathaniel Branden exhibits his talent as not only a philosopher and psychotherapist, but also a writer of fiction. The plot primarily involves the story of Nicholas Holland, a published author and leading therapist, as he interacts with Andrew Berringer, to whom he has come for therapy.
Pengaruh Lama Pemanasan Terhadap Nilai ALT Bakteri Teh Kombucha
Authors: Sadiyah Lailatus , Puji Lestari Kinanti Ayu 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRAK
Kombucha adalah minuman teh yang difermentasi oleh simbiosis koloni bakteri dan yeast. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efek lama pemanasan dalam menghambat jumlah bakteri teh kombucha paska pemanasan. Lama pemanasan digunakan untuk menghasilkan minuman kombucha yang bebas fermentasi berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan faktor yaitu lama pemanasan 3 menit dan 5 menit kombucha pasca fermentasi. Analisis yang dilakukan meliputi nilai Angka Lempeng Total bakteri. Berdasarkan data yang didapatkan menyatakan bahwa lama pemanasan berpengaruh terhadap perubahan nilai Angka Lempeng Total bakteri kombucha.
Kata kunci: kombucha, lama pemanasan
Formulasi dan Evaluasi Hidrogel Ekstrak Etanol Daun Gaharu (Aquilaria malacensis Lamk.) dengan Kombinasi Basis Karbopol 940 dan HPMC K4M
Authors: Yenny Harliantika  , Noval  
Published: June 2021

Hidrogel merupakan sediaan topikal dengan cara dioleskan pada kulit. Ekstrak daun gaharu terbukti mengandung senyawa flavonoid yang berperan dalam membantu proses penyembuhan luka. Kombinasi karbopol dan HPMC bertujuan untuk menutupi kekurangan karbopol saat digunakan pada konsentrasi tinggi dan memberikan pH asam. Mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi basis karbopol 940 dan HPMC K4M dan hasil stabilitas evaluasi terhadap formulasi hidrogel ekstrak etanol daun gaharu yang optimal. Metode yang digunakan ekperimental dengan rancangan true-eksperimental. Sampel yang digunakan daun gaharu di Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu. Determinasi, preparasi, ekstraksi, pembuatan hidrogel dan evaluasi. Data dianalisis dengan statistik ANOVA dan Kruskal-Wallis. Formulasi hidrogel dengan kombinasi basis karbopol 940 dan HPMC K4M memberikan pengaruh terhadap formulasi hidrogel ekstrak daun gaharu dengan uji stabilitas evaluasi organoleptik, homogenitas, pH, viskositas, daya sebar dan daya lekat. Hasil formulasi yang dapat mempertahankan stabilitas evaluasi selama penyimpanan 28 hari pada suhu ruangan adalah F2. Hasil uji statistik pH, viskositas, daya sebar dan daya lekat <0,05, p-value <0,05 menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan pada tiap formula. Adanya pengaruh kombinasi basis karbopol 940 dan HPMC K4M terhadap formulasi hidrogel ekstrak daun gaharu dan formulasi yang baik terdapat pada F2.
PENGARUH POLA MAKAN SEHAT DALAM ISLAM TERHADAP PENCEGAHAN OBESITAS DI MASYARAKAT KP. GEBANG RT/RW 004/011
Authors: Kusumawardani Anggilia , Yuliana Yuliana , Pratiwi Ayu 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRAK
Pendahuluan: Secara harfiah, junk food diartikan sebagai makanan sampah atau makanan tidak bergizi. Kehidupan yang semakin canggih dan modern didukung dengan berkembangnya ilmu dan teknologi serta adanya makanan fast food, maka akan berpengaruh terhadap kesehatan masyarakat. Tujuan Penelitian: untuk mengetahui pengaruh pola makan sehat islam terhadap pencegahan obesitas di masyarakat Kp. Gebang RT/RW 004/002. Metode Penelitian: penelitian menggunakan desain korelasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 135 responden dan sampel penelitian menggunakan random sampling sebanyak 101 responden. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah pendekatan dan observasi. Metode analisa data yang digunakan yaitu Chi Square. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuisioner dan observasi indeks massa tubuh (IMT). Hasil penelitian: pada variabel pola makan sehat islam dan pencegahan obesitas didapatkan hasil uji Chi Square dengan nilai p value 0,782>0,05. Kesimpulan: berdasarkan penelitian disimpulkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan pengaruh pola makan sehat islam terhadap pencegahan obesitas.
Kata Kunci: Pola Makan Sehat Islam, Pencegahan Obesitas, IMT, Masyarakat.
The Safety of a Vegan Diet During Pregnancy
Authors: Miedziaszczyk Miłosz , Ciabach Patrycja , Grześkowiak Edmund , Szałek Edyta 
Published: June 2021

Summary
There is an increasing number of people who go vegetarian. Some young parents also switch to this diet. The safety of vegetarian diets, especially vegan diets, is very important, especially during pregnancy. Unfortunately, reference publications do not provide coherent data on the safety of vegetarian diets during pregnancy. On the one hand, the vegan diet has advantages because it reduces the risk of heart disease and gestational diabetes. On the other hand, vegetarians/vegans should be aware of potential deficiencies of some nutrients (iron, zinc, vitamin B12, vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, calcium, iodine) and the clinical consequences for the fetus. For example, iron deficiency may affect cognitive abilities, behavior, intelligence and increase the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight of infants. Plant food contains non-haem iron with variable absorption. Therefore, the vegan diet should include nutrients increasing the bioavailability of iron, e.g. ascorbic acid, carotene and retinol. Due to the fact that animal food is the main source of vitamin B12, vegans are at a very high risk of vitamin B12 deficiency, which will affect the infant’s weight at birth. Low level of vitamin D, which is prevalent in animal food, is the most common deficiency among vegans and lacto-ovo vegetarians. This vitamin prevents gestational diabetes, reduces insulin resistance and guarantees normal function of the musculoskeletal system. Zinc deficiency during pregnancy may lead to preterm birth, neural tube defects or even miscarriage. In view of the clinical consequences of potential deficiencies of nutrients, the vegetarian/vegan diet should be well balanced.