bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the dynamical interaction between overshooting convection and an underlying dipole magnetic field – I. The non-dynamo regime
Authors: Korre L , Brummell NH , Garaud P , Guervilly C 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTMotivated by the dynamics in the deep interiors of many stars, we study the interaction between overshooting convection and the large-scale poloidal fields residing in radiative zones. We have run a suite of 3D Boussinesq numerical calculations in a spherical shell that consists of a convection zone with an underlying stable region that initially compactly contains a dipole field. By varying the strength of the convective driving, we find that, in the less turbulent regime, convection acts as turbulent diffusion that removes the field faster than solely molecular diffusion would do. However, in the more turbulent regime, turbulent pumping becomes more efficient and partially counteracts turbulent diffusion, leading to a local accumulation of the field below the overshoot region. These simulations suggest that dipole fields might be confined in underlying stable regions by highly turbulent convective motions at stellar parameters. The confinement is of large-scale field in an average sense and we show that it is reasonably modelled by mean-field ideas. Our findings are particularly interesting for certain models of the Sun, which require a large-scale, poloidal magnetic field to be confined in the solar radiative zone in order to explain simultaneously the uniform rotation of the latter and the thinness of the solar tachocline.
Compensatory renal hypertrophy in reflux nephropathy presenting as hypertensive emergency
Authors: Othman Tan Suria Emilia Suhana , Mohamad Siti Dayana , Ahmad Muhamad Zabidi 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Hypertensive emergency in the paediatric population is not uncommon. However, due to its numerous etiologies, care should be taken in determining the approach of management. We report a case of a child who presented with double vision, giddiness and elevated blood pressure. Blood investigations were normal. Renal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen were performed which both showed findings suspicious of a large heterogeneous mass at the lower pole of the left kidney with dysplastic right kidney. A final diagnosis of bilateral vesicoureteric reflux with left compensatory hypertrophy was made based upon micturating cystourethrography findings and was later confirmed by 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) study. The objective of this case is to share the importance of the appropriate choice of radiological examinations, not only in achieving an accurate diagnosis but to ensure that unnecessary investigations are avoided.
Cocaine-induced midline destruction
Authors: Ide Veerle , Henckaerts Liesbet , Vanbrabant Peter , Vanderschueren Steven 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
In patients presenting with nasal septum perforation, the differential diagnosis between ANCA-associated vasculitis and cocaine-induced midline destruction (CIMD) can be challenging. We describe the case of a 28-year old man who presented with a nasal septum perforation. He admitted the use of cocaine and showed no other symptoms of systemic inflammation. Perinuclear anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmatic antibodies (p-ANCAs) came back positive, as did anti-proteinase 3-antibodies. Further testing revealed antibodies to human neutrophil elastase (HNE), typically found in CIMD but rarely in ANCA-associated vasculitis. The combination of an atypical ANCA-pattern and the detection of HNE-antibodies led to the diagnosis of CIMD. In conclusion, HNE antibodies can be used to distinguish between CIMD and ANCA-associated vasculitis.
Supracerebellar Infratentorial Infratrochlear Trans-Quadrangular Lobule Approach to Pontine Cavernous Malformations
Authors: Rutledge Caleb , Raper Daniel M S , Rodriguez Rubio Roberto , Winkler Ethan A , Abla Adib A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Brainstem cavernous malformations with symptomatic hemorrhage have a poor natural history. Those without a pial or ependymal presentation are often observed given the morbidity of resection. Surgical removal is considered only in patients with accessible lesions that have repeated symptomatic hemorrhagic.

OBJECTIVE
To describe a novel supracerebellar infratentorial infratrochlear trans-quadrangular lobule approach to safely resect lesions in the upper pons.

METHODS
We use a hybrid paramedian/lateral suboccipital craniotomy in the gravity-dependent supine position. Opening the cerebellomesencephalic fissure over the tentorial surface of the cerebellum brings the trochlear nerve, branches of the superior cerebellar artery, and the quadrangular lobule of the cerebellum into view. Removal of small a portion of the quadrangular lobule defines an entry point on the superomedial aspect of the middle cerebellar peduncle, and a surgical trajectory aimed superior to inferior.

RESULTS
A total of 6 patients underwent this approach. All presented with symptomatic hemorrhage and all cavernous malformations were completely resected. Five patients were improved or unchanged with modified Rankin scale scores of 1 or 2.

CONCLUSION
The trans-quadrangular lobule approach allows safe resection of upper pontine cavernous malformations along a superior to inferior trajectory.
Cyberwar
Authors: Jamieson Kathleen Hall 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Cyberwar examines the ways in which Russian interventions not only affected the behaviors of key players but altered the 2016 presidential campaign’s media and social media landscape. After laying out a theory of influence that explains how Russian activities could have produced effects, Jamieson documents the hackers and trolls’ influence on the topics in the news, the questions in the presidential debates, and the social media stream. Drawing on her analysis of messages crafted and amplified by Russian operatives, changes that Russian-hacked content elicited in news and the debates, the scholarly work of other researchers, and Annenberg surveys, she concludes that it is plausible to believe that Russian machinations helped elect Donald J. Trump the 45th president of the United States.
Trauma and the Family
Authors: Grove David R. , Greene Gilbert J. , Lee Mo Yee 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
An analysis of family support or lack of family support as key protective and risk factors is reviewed. Specific aspects of family support is defined and research on how it impacts trauma as both a preventative measure and a central component of the healing process is provided. Research regarding lack of family support and the consequences to the trauma survivor is offered. A description of numerous types of family interactional patterns and they interfere with family support is outlined. Cross-cultural issues related to trauma and trauma treatment are addressed.
Overview of Integrative Family and Systems Treatment (I-FAST)
Authors: Grove David R. , Greene Gilbert J. , Lee Mo Yee 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This chapter outlines integrative family and systems treatment (I-FAST). Theoretical and philosophical perspectives in which I-FAST is organized around are described. Treatment steps are outlined. Family assessment and goal setting procedures are described. How these procedures are used for in-session and between-session tasks, framing and reframing, and the use of questions as intervention procedures within I-FAST are described. The chapter also discusses how to integrate intervention procedures from any evidence-based trauma treatment into I-FAST and how I-FAST is culturally competent and consistent with trauma-informed care is discussed. Finally, a detailed case example showing the application of I-FAST is offered.
Outcomes and Outlooks
Authors: Smil Vaclav 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe list of accomplishments resulting from the five grand transitions is both long and impressive. Unprecedented rates and scales of change multiplied population numbers, changed population dynamics; eliminated famines and improved nutrition; raised energy consumption to levels assuring high quality of life, high mobility, and mass-scale instant communication; nearly ended hard physical labor; significantly accelerated economic growth; transformed economic structure; and made material abundance affordable. But there has been a significant cost in terms of many impacts on the biosphere. The coming transition will be challenging not only because of the still-growing global population, significant economic inequalities, and the need to extend the benefits of modern civilization to more than five billion people, but also because of the urgent need to transform our energy structure and to avoid the worst consequences of global climate change. Realistic assessment must see these coming transitions as protracted, multi-decade tasks.
How to Dispel Magic
Authors: Natale Simone 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This chapter shows that the problem of the observer—that is, the question of how humans respond to witnessing machines that exhibit intelligence—was the subject of substantial reflections in the field of AI in the 1950s and 1960s. As AI developed as a heterogeneous milieu, bringing together multiple disciplinary perspectives and approaches, many acknowledged that users might be deceived in interactions with “intelligent” machines. Most members of the AI community were confident that the deceptive character of AI would be dispelled, similarly to a magic trick, by providing users with a better understanding of computer systems. This approach, however, did not take it into account that deception is not a transitional but a structural component of people’s interactions with computers. The chapter argues that the dream of dispelling the magic aura of computers was superseded by the realization that users’ perceptions of AI systems can be manipulated in order to improve interactions between humans and machines.
Money Doctor in Latin America
Authors: Maes Ivo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Robert Triffin started working at the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System in 1942. He worked mainly on Latin America and participated in several missions on monetary and banking reforms. They were part of the Roosevelt administration’s Good Neighbor Policy and imbued by New Deal values. Triffin was an open and multicultural person, with both his Belgian and American background. Moreover, as a progressive Catholic with a strong grounding in economics, he was the ideal person for this new type of monetary reform mission. Triffin emphasized that the aim was to put monetary and banking policy at the service of development objectives previously ignored in central bank legislations. This also reflected a change in economic paradigms, from classical economics to Keynesian economics. During this period Triffin wrote a first important essay on the international monetary system, putting global liquidity at the core of the international monetary system.
Resonant Recoveries
Authors: Rogers Jillian C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Resonant Recoveries: French Music and Trauma Between the World Wars illustrates that coping with trauma was a central concern for French musicians active after World War I. The losses and violent warfare of World War I shaped how interwar French musicians—from those fighting in the trenches and working in military hospitals to more well-known musicians—engaged with music. Situated at the intersections of musicology, history, sound and performance studies, and psychology and trauma studies, Resonant Recoveries argues that modernists’ compositions and musical activities were sonorous locations for managing and performing trauma. Through analysis of archival materials, French medical, philosophical, and literary texts, and the music produced between the wars, this book illuminates how music emerged during World War I as an embodied technology of consolation. Resonant Recoveries demonstrates that music making came to be understood by French interwar musicians as a consolatory practice that enhanced their abilities to remember lost loved ones, gave them opportunities to perform their grief publicly and privately, allowed them to create healing bonds of friendship, and soothed them with sonic vibrations and the rhythmically regular bodily movements required in order to perform many French neoclassical compositions. In revealing the importance that music making held for interwar French musicians, this book refigures French modernist music as a therapeutic medium for creators, performers, and audiences, while also underlining the importance of addressing trauma, mourning, and people’s emotional lives in music scholarship.
Introduction
Authors: Rogers Jillian C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This introductory chapter outlines the aims of Resonant Recoveries as well as the book’s theoretical and methodological apparatuses. In introducing one of the central arguments of this book—that music came to operate as a corporeal technology of consolation in interwar France—the introduction provides an overview of how late nineteenth- through mid-twentieth-century French artistic, psychological, sociological, and philosophical discourse framed the body as a privileged site for the production and development of knowledge about oneself and the world. In so doing, this introduction provides the socio-historical background for the historical and musical analysis that follows in subsequent chapters while also advocating a specific mode of interdisciplinary research that investigates how music has historically been conceived as a therapeutic, corporeal medium.
Not on Holiday: Making Money and Building Dreams
Authors: Woldoff Rachael A. , Litchfield Robert C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Digital nomads have come to Bali to work. Chapter 4 unpacks nomads’ sources of earned income through entrepreneurship, freelancing, and full-time employment. It also details their occupations, which tend to cluster in marketing, e-commerce, coaching, and technology. It then explains the role of coworking spaces in the digital nomad ecosystem and the processes through which digital nomads build and sustain their work-centric community. Many of the more successful nomads continue to work side-by-side with those who are just starting out in this lifestyle. The informal social environment of coworking is supplemented by formal skill share events on topics like quitting one’s job, blogging, coding, podcasting, social media, outsourcing, team-building, partnering, getting investors, and finance that give nascent entrepreneurs opportunities to learn from the community. Bali is a place where people easily find cheerleaders, advisors, and helpers as they pursue their professional dreams.
Survival Governance
Authors: Drahos Peter 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The climate and energy crisis requires a strong state to change the direction, speed, scale, and financing of innovation in world capitalism in order to create a bio-digital energy paradigm. Four states are possible contenders for catalyzing this survival governance: China, the European Union, India, and the United States. China is an improbable leader, but less improbable than the other three. No US president can close down the fossil fuel industry in time. The US state, worried about the slippage of its technological superiority, is turning to regulatory mechanisms like intellectual property to slow China’s technological development. China will have to manage the risk of a United States bent on military primacy. China is urbanizing innovation on a historically unprecedented scale. Lying at the heart of the bio-digital energy paradigm is a global city-based network of innovation. China, more than the other three states, is scaling technology innovation through the building of experimental cities such as eco-cities, hydrogen cities, forest cities, and sponge cities. The Belt and Road Initiative will take this innovation well outside of China’s borders. China could help to place cities into a new relationship with their surrounding ecosystems. Drawing on more than 250 interviews, carried out in 17 countries, including the world’s four largest carbon emitters, the book shows how cities and their networks represent the best chance for growing climate survival governance for the 21st century.
Conclusion
Authors: Vatter Miguel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Conclusion discusses the symbol of the empty Throne, understood as an image for the connection between theocracy and anarchy. The chapter contrasts Giorgio Agamben’s hypothesis that anarchy is the secret engine of liberal government with the central hypothesis of this book, namely, that Jewish political theology thematizes the paradoxical unity of rule of law and anarchic democracy. The argument is carried out, first, in relation to the idea of a “principle of anarchy” proposed by Reiner Schürmann. The chapter ends by discussing Simone Weil’s hypothesis on the unity between Pythagoreanism and the book of Job and proposing her meditation as an apt interpretation of the meaning of the empty Throne.
Many Happy Returns? Investment Governance and the Political Economy of Time in UK Pensions Provision
Authors: Berry Craig 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe are increasingly conscious that private pension schemes in the UK are primarily financial institutions. UK private pensions provision has always been highly financialized, but the individualization of provision means this dynamic matters more than ever to retirement incomes. Furthermore, individualization has occurred at a time when the UK economy’s capacity to support a long-term approach to capital investment, upon which pensions depend, has declined. The chapter argues that pensions provision essentially involves managing the failure of the future to resemble the present, or more specifically present forecasts of the future. As our ability to manipulate the value of the future has increased, our ability to tolerate forecast failure has declined. The chapter details how pension funds invest, and how this has changed, and provides an original understanding of several recent attempts to shape pensions investment, ultimately demonstrating the limitations of pensions policy in shaping how provision functions in practice.
Agency, Entrepreneurship, and Innovation
Authors: Huggins Robert , Thompson Piers 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This chapter explores whether community culture and personality traits are associated with entrepreneurial activities. It seeks to consider the importance of personality held at the individual level and culture held at the group level. This allows the connections between the foundations of the behavioural model of regional development—community culture and personality—and activities associated with the regional development to be explored. It further explores the extent to which human agency plays a role in determining the nature of entrepreneurial endeavours. Following an examination of behavioural micro-relationships at the individual level, the analysis then moves on to examine evidence of the relationship between human agency and differing forms of regional development. It focuses on traditional economic measures of development including GDP and unemployment, but also considers inputs and outputs from innovation and the entrepreneurial environment required to generate high-road regional competitiveness.
An Extended Behavioural Model of Economic Development
Authors: Huggins Robert , Thompson Piers 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This chapter establishes a more extended and nuanced behavioural model of urban and regional economic development and returns to considering what ‘development’ actually means and how outcomes can be measured. This reflects a move away from depending solely on traditional measures of urban and regional development based on Gross Domestic Product. Instead, the chapter investigates the outcomes for individuals in terms of their economic positions and also measures of broader satisfaction. To bring together the theoretical and empirical insights from the preceding chapters, this chapter turns to refining and unpacking the behavioural model of urban and regional development presented earlier, and propositions are developed from the insights gained throughout this book and incorporated into the model.
Governing Migration beyond the State
Authors: Geddes Andrew 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This chapter introduces key themes and issues that will be explored in the book’s analysis of regional migration governance in Europe, North America, South America, and Southeast Asia. It specifies how representations of the causes and effects of migration—of what’s going on ‘out there’ —held by key actors in migration governance systems have shaping effects on responses to migration, as understood and represented. These processes of sense-making are embedded in what are called repertoires of migration governance that have narrative, social, symbolic, and affective components and are also ongoing in that they don’t have a clear beginning and end. By opening the black box of governance it is possible to understand more about how know-how and social expectations about role play a significant part in shaping the outputs or outcomes of migration governance systems.
Soundworld Spatiality and the Unheroic Self-Giving of Jesus Christ
Authors: Adkins Imogen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This chapter argues that the spatial metaphor of resonant ‘edgeless difference’, which arises from our perception of musical sound, makes more conceptualizable a vision of kenotic freedom which the New Testament understands to be embodied in Jesus Christ and made accessible through the Spirit, to the glory of the Father. This proposal is briefly explored in conversation with the Christology and theological aesthetics of Rowan Williams (1950–), who works within a kenotic idiom. We discover that a conceptuality borne of musical phenomenology can liberate Christological grammar from modernist strongholds and can direct our attention to the multiple, interconnected freedoms of the New Creation (i.e., the cosmic, ecclesiological, and individual). In so doing, it supports the idea that a Christ-centred kenotic theory of self-emptying provides a radical alternative to certain modernist views of freedom.
Music in the Margin of Indifference
Authors: Varwig Bettina 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This chapter considers the role of a specific Lutheran idea of freedom in the emancipation of sacred music from liturgy during the early modern period. It proposes that the Lutheran appropriation of the classical notion of ‘adiaphora’, as a stance of indifference towards practices and objects not essential for salvation, opened up a quasi-autonomous space for musical elaboration, within which music could gradually acquire its modern status as a self-sufficient artistic practice. The eighteenth-century tradition of Passion performances in Protestant Germany offers a rich test case for this process of ecclesiastical divestment, in particular J.S. Bach’s St. Matthew Passion of 1727, which made claims for music that clearly outstripped its functional remit, and Carl Heinrich Graun’s immensely popular setting of Karl Wilhelm Ramler’s Der Tod Jesu of 1755, which consolidated the genre’s move from the liturgy to the concert hall. Yet this migration outside the church walls by no means provides straightforward confirmation of a standard secularization narrative of Western modernity. Rather, in absorbing and retaining crucial aspects of sacrality, these musical repertories and practices reveal the rootedness of the modern aesthetic sphere in that Lutheran margin of indifference.