bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A passive Stokes flow rectifier for Newtonian fluids
Authors: Mehboudi Aryan , Yeom Junghoon 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNon-linear effects of the Navier–Stokes equations disappear under the Stokes regime of Newtonian fluid flows disallowing a flow rectification behavior. Here we show that passive flow rectification of Newtonian fluids is obtainable under the Stokes regime of both compressible and incompressible flows by introducing nonlinearity into the otherwise linear Stokes equations. Asymmetric flow resistances arise in shallow nozzle/diffuser microchannels with deformable ceiling, in which the fluid flow is governed by a non-linear coupled fluid–solid mechanics equation. The proposed model captures the unequal deflection profile of the deformable ceiling depending on the flow direction under the identical applied pressure, permitting a larger flow rate in the nozzle configuration. Ultra-low aspect ratio microchannels sealed by a flexible membrane have been fabricated to demonstrate passive flow rectification for low-Reynolds-number flows (0.001 < Re < 10) of common Newtonian fluids such as water, methanol, and isopropyl alcohol. The proposed rectification mechanism is also extended to compressible flows, leading to the first demonstration of rectifying equilibrium gas flows under the Stokes flow regime. While the maximum rectification ratio experimentally obtained in this work is limited to 1.41, a higher value up to 1.76 can be achieved by optimizing the width profile of the asymmetric microchannels.
The impact of memory effect on space fractional strong quantum couplers with tunable decay behavior and its numerical simulation
Authors: Hendy Ahmed S. , Zaky Mahmoud A. , Hafez Ramy M. , De Staelen Rob H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe nontrivial behavior of wave packets in the space fractional coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation has received considerable theoretical attention. The difficulty comes from the fact that the Riesz fractional derivative is inherently a prehistorical operator. In contrast, nonlinear Schrödinger equation with both time and space nonlocal operators, which is the cornerstone in the modeling of a new type of fractional quantum couplers, is still in high demand of attention. This paper is devoted to numerically study the propagation of solitons through a new type of quantum couplers which can be called time-space fractional quantum couplers. The numerical methodology is based on the finite-difference/Galerkin Legendre spectral method with an easy to implement numerical algorithm. The time-fractional derivative is considered to describe the decay behavior and the nonlocal memory of the model. We conduct numerical simulations to observe the performance of the tunable decay and the sharpness behavior of the time-space fractional strongly coupled nonlinear Schrödinger model as well as the performance of the numerical algorithm. Numerical simulations show that the time and space fractional-order operators control the decay behavior or the memory and the sharpness of the interface and undergo a seamless transition of the fractional-order parameters.
Noninvasive transcranial classification of stroke using a portable eddy current damping sensor
Authors: Shahrestani Shane , Zada Gabriel , Chou Tzu-Chieh , Toy Brandon , Yao Bryan , Garrett Norman , Sanossian Nerses , Brunswick Andrew , Shang Kuang-Ming , Tai Yu-Chong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractExisting paradigms for stroke diagnosis typically involve computed tomography (CT) imaging to classify ischemic versus hemorrhagic stroke variants, as treatment for these subtypes varies widely. Delays in diagnosis and transport of unstable patients may worsen neurological status. To address these issues, we describe the development of a rapid, portable, and accurate eddy current damping (ECD) stroke sensor. Copper wire was wound to create large (11.4 cm), medium (4.5 cm), and small (1.5 cm) solenoid coils with varying diameters, with each connected to an inductance-to-digital converter. Eight human participants were recruited between December 15, 2019 and March 15, 2020, including two hemorrhagic stroke, two ischemic stroke, one subarachnoid hemorrhage, and three control participants. Observers were blinded to lesion type and location. A head cap with 8 horizontal scanning paths was placed on the patient. The sensor was tangentially rotated across each row on the patient’s head circumferentially. Consent, positioning, and scanning with the sensor took roughly 15 min from start to end for each participant and all scanning took place at the patient bedside. The ECD sensor accurately classified and imaged each of the varying stroke types in each patient. The sensor additionally detected ischemic and hemorrhagic lesions located deep inside the brain, and its range is selectively tunable during sensor design and fabrication.
Increased quality of life in patients with stroke during the COVID-19 pandemic: a matched-pair study
Authors: Zhao Li , Yang Xiaoshi , Yang Fengzhi , Sui Guoyuan , Sui Yi , Xu Bing , Qu Bo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPatients with stroke are likely to experience impaired health-related quality of life (QOL), especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to evaluate the QOL of Chinese patients with stroke during the pandemic and explore the associated variables. A matched-pair, multicenter survey was conducted before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Questionnaires including the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale, and the Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery (QPR) were used. A total of 172 matched pairs (344 patients) were recruited in this study. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed to analyze variables associated with QOL. Physical and mental component scores (PCS and MCS) were higher among the stroke patients during the pandemic (44.20 ± 18.92 and 54.24 ± 19.08) than before the pandemic (37.98 ± 14.52 and 43.50 ± 20.94). Pandemic stress, demographic and clinical characteristics were negative variables associated with PCS and MCS. QPR was positively associated with PCS and MCS. The QOL of Chinese stroke patients was higher during than before the COVID-19 pandemic. Pandemic stress aggravated stroke patients’ QOL, while personal recovery could alleviate the detrimental effect of pandemic stress on QOL for stroke patients.
Identifying Childhood Expressive Language Features That Best Predict Adult Language and Communication Outcome in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: LeGrand Kaya J. , Weil Lisa Wisman , Lord Catherine , Luyster Rhiannon J. 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
Several studies have reported that “useful speech” at 5 years of age predicts outcomes in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but this skill has been vaguely defined. This study investigates which specific aspects of expressive language in children with ASD best predict adult language and communication outcomes.

Method

Language samples from 29 children (ages 47–72 months) enrolled in a longitudinal project (e.g.,
Lord et al., 2006
) were transcribed and coded for spoken language features. Hierarchical linear regression was used to compare the following childhood variables as predictors of adult language and communication outcomes: noun diversity, verb diversity, mean length of utterance, and proportion of utterances that were socially motivated.

Results
Childhood verb diversity was a value-added predictor of all four adult outcome measures (i.e., verbal IQ, Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule Communication + Social Interaction Algorithm totals, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test scores, and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales Communication Domain scores), while noun diversity and proportion of utterances that were socially motivated were not value-added predictors of any adult outcome measures. In a second set of regression analyses, mean length of utterance was substituted for verb diversity and was a value-added predictor of two out of four adult outcome measures (i.e., verbal IQ and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales Communication Domain scores). The pattern of findings for the other predictors remained the same as in the previous analyses.

Conclusion
These results have implications for our understanding of early language in ASD and for clinical decision making in early childhood.
Questioning ‘what makes us human’: How audiences react to an artificial intelligence–driven show
Authors: Eagle Rob , Lander Rik , Hall Phil D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractI am Echoborg is promoted as ‘a show created afresh each time by the audience in conversation with an artificial intelligence (AI)’. The show demonstrates how AI in a creative and performance context can raise questions about the technology’s ethical use for persuasion and compliance, and how humans can reclaim agency. This audience study focuses on a consecutive three‐night run in Bristol, UK in October 2019. The different outcomes of each show illustrate the unpredictability of audience interactions with conversational AI and how the collective dynamic of audience members shapes each performance. This study analyses (1) how I am Echoborg facilitates audience cocreation in a live performance context, (2) the show’s capacity to provoke nuanced understandings of the potential for AI and (3) the ability for intelligent technology to facilitate social interaction and group collaboration. This audience study demonstrates how the show inspires debate beyond binary conclusions (i.e. AI as good or bad) and how audiences can understand potential creative uses of AI, including as a tool for cocreating entertainment with (not just for) them.
LIBS characterization of algal fouling on insulators
Authors: Zhang Fuzeng , Chen Shaojie , Wang Tingting , Xu Yongsheng , Qin Xinran , Wang Xilin , Jia Zhidong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlgae contamination accumulated on the surface of insulators will affect the electrical properties of insulators. At present, the characterization method of algae contamination is the image method, which determines the distribution of algae contamination through colour. The detection results are affected by environmental changes and the growth state of algae. This paper puts forward a method of detecting polluted insulator surface with algae by using laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique, combined with the scanning electron microscope (SEM), inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer (ICP), analyzed by the spectra of algae contamination. Mg, Ca, Fe are selected as the analytical element. The classification of algae contamination, non‐algae contamination and no contamination are realized with the principal component analysis (PCA). The research results are of great significance for characterization of algal pollution on insulator surface by LIBS.
The use of dynamic programming and golden section search for the optimal load‐shedding strategy of HEMS participating in demand response program
Authors: Chang Chien‐Kuo , Lee Sheng‐Hung , Wu Ruay‐Nan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper presents the optimal load‐shedding strategy of home energy management systems (HEMSs). The HEMS uses the dynamic programming (DP) method to plan the day ahead, schedule, and connects to smart plugs to perform load‐shedding. HEMS solves the shedding schedule of smart plugs considering the prediction of consumption of each smart plug and the consumer's demand response (DR) setting. In addition, the maximum DR capacity was determined by using golden section search (GSS). Some DR experiments were conducted by the proposed method in laboratory and these comprised three different DR durations. The results show that the estimated DR capacities and shedding schedules were feasible. Thus, it helps both the DR participants and aggregator to seize the optimum performance and benefits.
TITANS metal-poor reference stars
Authors: Giribaldi R. E. , da Silva A. R. , Smiljanic R. , Cornejo Espinoza D. 
Published: May 2021

Context. Several large stellar spectroscopic surveys are producing enormous amounts of data that can be used to determine stellar atmospheric parameters and chemical abundances. Nonetheless, the accuracy achieved in the derived astrophysical parameters is still insufficient, mainly because of the paucity of adequate calibrators, particularly in the metal-poor regime ([Fe/H] ≤−1.0).
Aims. Our aim is to increase the number of metal-poor stellar calibrators that have accurate parameters. Here, we introduce the TITANS metal-poor reference stars: a sample of 41 dwarf and subgiant stars with accurate, but model-dependent, parameters.
Methods. Effective temperatures (Teff) were derived by fitting observed Hα profiles with synthetic lines computed using three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic model atmospheres that take local thermodynamic equilibrium departures into account (non-LTE effects). Surface gravities (log g) were computed using evolutionary tracks and parallaxes from Gaia early-data release 3.
Results. The same methods recover the Teff values of the Gaia benchmark stars, which are mostly based on interferometric measurements, with a 1σ dispersion of ±50 K. We assume this to be the accuracy of the Hα profiles computed from 3D non-LTE models for metal-poor dwarfs and subgiants, although this is likely an upper-bound estimate dominated by the uncertainty of the standard Teff values. We achieved an internal precision typically between 30 and 40 K; these errors are dominated by instrumental effects. The final total uncertainty for the Teff values of the TITANS are thus estimated to be of the order of 1%. The typical error for log g is ≤0.04 dex. In addition, we identified a few members of Gaia-Enceladus, of Sequoia, and of the Helmi stream in our sample. These stars can pave the way for the accurate chemical characterisation of these Galactic substructures.
Conclusions. Using the TITANS as a reference, large stellar surveys will be able to improve the internal calibration of their astrophysical parameters. Ultimately, this sample will help users of data from Gaia and large surveys to reach their goal of redefining our understanding of stars, stellar systems, and the Milky Way.
Demonstration of Three Distinct High-Molecular-Weight Complexes between Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1 and Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator
Authors: Ito Tae , Suzuki Yuko , Sano Hideto , Honkura Naoki , Castellino Francis J. , Urano Tetsumei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background Details of the molecular interaction between tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) remain unknown.
Methods and Results Three distinct forms of high-molecular-weight complexes are demonstrated. Two of the forms were detected by mass spectrometry. The high molecular mass detected by MALDI-TOF MS (matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry) was 107,029 Da, which corresponds to the sum of molecular masses of the intact tPA (65,320 Da) and the intact PAI-1 (42,416 Da). The lower molecular mass was 104,367 Da and is proposed to lack the C-terminal bait peptide of PAI-1 (calculated mass: 3,804 Da), which was detected as a 3,808 Da fragment. When the complex was analyzed by SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis), only a single band was observed. However, after treatment by SDS and Triton X-100, two distinct forms of the complex with different mobilities were shown by SDS-PAGE. The higher molecular weight band demonstrated specific tPA activity on fibrin autography, whereas the lower molecular weight band did not. Peptide sequence analysis of these two bands, however, unexpectedly revealed the existence of the C-terminal cleavage peptide in both bands and its amount was less in the upper band. In the upper band, the sequences corresponding to the regions at the interface between two molecules in its Michaelis intermediate were diminished. Thus, these two bands corresponded to distinct nonacyl–enzyme complexes, wherein only the upper band liberated free tPA under the conditions employed.
Conclusion These data suggest that under physiological conditions a fraction of the tPA–PAI-1 population exists as nonacylated–enzyme inhibitor complex.
An Indigenous Method of Securing Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Tube in Peritoneal Cavity
Authors: Kalra Samir Kumar , Shah Krishna , Tyagi Sneyhil , John Suviraj , Acharya Rajesh 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction Ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) is the most common procedure used for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion in hydrocephalus. Over the years, many technical, procedural, and instrument-related advancements have taken place which have reduced the associated complication rates. Shunt block is a very common complication irrespective of the shunt system used. The abdominal end of the shunt tube gets blocked usually due to plugging of omentum onto the shunt catheter. We describe a technique of catheter fixation and placement under vision coupled with omentopexy done laparoscopically to prevent this complication.
Materials and Methods This technique was used in 23 patients (11 female, 12 male; range 16–73 years) afflicted with hydrocephalus from June 2016 and December 2019 after obtaining an informed consent, and the outcomes were noted in terms of shunt patency, complications, if any, and the need for revision.
Results The median operation time was 90 minutes (range 35–160 minutes). All shunt catheters were still functional after a mean follow-up of 16.5 months (range 1–34 months) and none required revision.
Conclusion Laparoscopic placement of shunt tube along with omental folding is a safe and effective technique for salvaging the abdominal end of VPS and may be helpful in reducing shunt blockage.
Emissivity-compensated radiation thermometry method using a concave mirror
Authors: Terada D. , Iuchi T. 
Published: May 2021

In this work, a method to simultaneously measure the temperature and emissivity of any specimen, including metals and semiconductor materials, was developed using a concave mirror and a polarized radiometer. The ratio of the enhanced radiance after reflection off the mirror to the original radiance of a specimen allowed for emissivity determination in the range 0.1–0.9, with a variation of 8%. The combined standard uncertainty, uc, of the temperature measurement by the current method is estimated to be 6.0 K at a temperature of 800 K. This was realized via classification of the parameter α into only three categories that were closely related to the surface roughness. Furthermore, it should be emphasized that the polarized spectral radiance measurements were carried out at a zenith angle of 75°, which contributed significantly to the success of this method.
Polyploidy underlies co-option and diversification of biosynthetic triterpene pathways in the apple tribe
Authors: Su Wenbing , Jing Yi , Lin Shoukai , Yue Zhen , Yang Xianghui , Xu Jiabao , Wu Jincheng , Zhang Zhike , Xia Rui , Zhu Jiaojiao , An Ning , Chen Haixin , Hong Yanping , Yuan Yuan , Long Ting , Zhang Ling , Jiang Yuanyuan , Liu Zongli , Zhang Hailan , Gao Yongshun , Liu Yuexue , Lin Hailan , Wang Huicong , Yant Levi , Lin Shunquan , Liu Zhenhua 
Published: May 2021

Significance
Plants are a primary source of both traditional and modern drugs due to their astounding capability to synthesize diverse molecules. The fruit tree loquat in the apple tribe has been long used in medicine to treat cough, chronic bronchitis, and asthma, yet why loquat—but not its relatives—evolved these medicinal properties is unknown. Here, we generate high-quality genomes of loquat and a relative, which are separated by a recent whole-genome duplication (WGD) around 13.5 to 27.1 Mya. We revealed the post-WGD diversification of triterpene biosynthesis and the exceptionally high levels of bioactive ursane-type triterpenes specifically in loquat. Our work underscores the importance of WGD-associated metabolic diversification underlying the bioactivity of some medicinal plants.
Comment on ‘Acceleration of a ball down an inclined plane’
Authors: Mungan Carl E 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Rod Cross (Phys. Educ.
56 035017) has investigated the translational and angular accelerations of a rigid body rolling down a ramp inclined at angle Θ relative to the horizontal. The transition from rolling without slipping to rolling with slipping is explicitly included. Experimental results (obtained by digitizing movies of the motion of the object with reference lines drawn on it) are plotted as a function of Θ varying from 10° to 60° in 10° steps. In this Comment, the theoretical predictions for these accelerations are graphed over the continuous range of angles from 0° to 90°. The resulting curves have some features that are not visible in the experimental data.
Laplace transform collocation and Daftar-Gejii-Jafaris method for fractional order time varying linear dynamical systems
Authors: Modanli Mahmut 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this article, the fractional order time-varying linear dynamical system defined by Caputo derivative is investigated. Laplace transform collocation method (LTCM) and Daftar-Gejii-Jafaris method (DGJM) are used to find the approximation solution of this equation. Using the Laplace transform collocation method, a new form of trial function from the original equation is presented. The unknown coefficients in the trial functions are calculated by using collocation method. LTCM gives a good result for the numerical solution of this equation. Providing DGJM converges, it is shown that obtained approximate solution is effective which is close to the exact solution. Then, the exact solution is compared with these approximate solutions. The results showed that the methods are effective and useful. These methods produced better approximations than the ones produced with the standard weighted residual methods.