bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Switchbacks: statistical properties and deviations from Alfvénicity
Authors: Larosa A. , Krasnoselskikh V. , Dudok de Wit T. , Agapitov O. , Froment C. , Jagarlamudi V. K. , Velli M. , Bale S. D. , Case A. W. , Goetz K. , Harvey P. , Kasper J. C. , Korreck K. E. , Larson D. E. , MacDowall R. J. , Malaspina D. , Pulupa M. , Revillet C. , Stevens M. L. 
Published: January 2021

Context.Parker Solar Probe’s first solar encounter has revealed the presence of sudden magnetic field deflections in the slow Alfvénic solar wind. These structures, which are often called switchbacks, are associated with proton velocity enhancements.Aims.We study their statistical properties with a special focus on their boundaries.Methods.Using data from SWEAP and FIELDS, we investigate particle and wavefield properties. The magnetic boundaries are analyzed with the minimum variance technique.Results.Switchbacks are found to be Alfvénic in 73% of cases and compressible in 27%. The correlations between magnetic field magnitude and density fluctuations reveal the existence of both positive and negative correlations, and the absence of perturbations in the magnetic field magnitude. Switchbacks do not lead to a magnetic shear in the ambient field. Their boundaries can be interpreted in terms of rotational or tangential discontinuities. The former are more frequent.Conclusions.Our findings provide constraints on the possible generation mechanisms of switchbacks, which have to be able to also account for structures that are not purely Alfvénic. One of the possible candidates, among others, manifesting the described characteristics is the firehose instability.
First near-relativistic solar electron events observed by EPD onboard Solar Orbiter
Authors: Gómez-Herrero R. , Pacheco D. , Kollhoff A. , Espinosa Lara F. , Freiherr von Forstner J. L. , Dresing N. , Lario D. , Balmaceda L. , Krupar V. , Malandraki O. E. , Aran A. , Bučík R. , Klassen A. , Klein K.-L. , Cernuda I. , Eldrum S. , Reid H. , Mitchell J. G. , Mason G. M. , Ho G. C. , Rodríguez-Pacheco J. , Wimmer-Schweingruber R. F. , Heber B. , Berger L. , Allen R. C. , Janitzek N. P. , Laurenza M. , De Marco R. , Wijsen N. , Kartavykh Y. Y. , Dröge W. , Horbury T. S. , Maksimovic M. , Owen C. J. , Vecchio A. , Bonnin X. , Kruparova O. , Píša D. , Souček J. , Louarn P. , Fedorov A. , O’Brien H. , Evans V. , Angelini V. , Zucca P. , Prieto M. , Sánchez-Prieto S. , Carrasco A. , Blanco J. J. , Parra P. , Rodríguez-Polo O. , Martín C. , Terasa J. C. , Boden S. , Kulkarni S. R. , Ravanbakhsh A. , Yedla M. , Xu Z. , Andrews G. B. , Schlemm C. E. , Seifert H. , Tyagi K. , Lees W. J. , Hayes J. 
Published: January 2021

Context. Solar Orbiter, launched in February 2020, started its cruise phase in June 2020, in coincidence with its first perihelion at 0.51 au from the Sun. The in situ instruments onboard, including the Energetic Particle Detector (EPD), operate continuously during the cruise phase enabling the observation of solar energetic particles.
Aims. In situ measurements of the first near-relativistic solar electron events observed in July 2020 by EPD are analyzed and the solar origins and the conditions for the interplanetary transport of these particles investigated.
Methods. Electron observations from keV energies to the near-relativistic range were combined with the detection of type III radio bursts and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) observations from multiple spacecraft in order to identify the solar origin of the electron events. Electron anisotropies and timing as well as the plasma and magnetic field environment were evaluated to characterize the interplanetary transport conditions.
Results. All electron events were clearly associated with type III radio bursts. EUV jets were also found in association with all of them except one. A diversity of time profiles and pitch-angle distributions was observed. Different source locations and different magnetic connectivity and transport conditions were likely involved. The July 11 event was also detected by Wind, separated 107 degrees in longitude from Solar Orbiter. For the July 22 event, the Suprathermal Electron and Proton sensor of EPD allowed for us to not only resolve multiple electron injections at low energies, but it also provided an exceptionally high pitch-angle resolution of a very anisotropic beam. This, together with radio observations of local Langmuir waves suggest a very good magnetic connection during the July 22 event. This scenario is challenged by a high-frequency occultation of the type III radio burst and a nominally non-direct connection to the source; therefore, magnetic connectivity requires further investigation.
Pharmacokinetic Properties of Moracin C in Mice
Authors: You Byoung Hoon , BasavanaGowda Melanayakanakatte Kuberappa , Lee Jae Un , Chin Young-Won , Choi Won Jun , Choi Young Hee 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMoracin C from Morus alba fruits, also known as the mulberry, has been proven to exhibit inhibitory activities against lipoxygenase enzymes, TNF-α and interleukin-1β secretion, and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 expression. Despite the various pharmacological activities of moracin C, its pharmacokinetic characteristics have yet to be reported. Here, the pharmacokinetic parameters and tissue distribution of moracin C have been investigated in mice, and the plasma concentration of moracin C with multiple dosage regimens was simulated via pharmacokinetic modeling. Our results showed that moracin C was rapidly and well absorbed in the intestinal tract, and was highly distributed in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidneys, and lungs. Moracin C was distributed in the ileum, cecum, colon, and liver at a relatively high concentration compared with its plasma concentration. It was extensively metabolized in the liver and intestine, and its
glucuronidated metabolites were proposed. In addition, the simulated plasma concentrations of moracin C upon multiple treatments (i.e., every 12 and 24 h) were suggested. We suggest that the pharmacokinetic characteristics of moracin C would be helpful to select a disease model for in vivo evaluation. The simulated moracin C concentrations under various dosage regimens also provide helpful knowledge to support its pharmacological effect.
Intradural Spinal Arachnoid Cyst in a Pediatric Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Bedin André , Bizzi Jorge W. J. , Flores Evelise Vieira , Schmitz Fernando dos Anjos , Zanatta Cláudia , da Silva Bianca Brinques 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe present case reports a 13-year-old patient with an intradural arachnoid cyst, which manifested itself with a sudden loss of strength and sensitivity in the lower and upper limbs and a severe pain in the cervical and thoracic region. On examination, a lesion displayed as an intradural hematoma; however, a laminotomy was performed and it was realized that the lesion was an arachnoid spinal cyst of the cervical-dorsal spine.
Clinical Profile and Predictors of Outcome in Children with Acute Fulminant Myocarditis Receiving Intensive Care: A Single Center Experience
Authors: Jayashree Muralidharan , Patil Manisha , Benakatti Govindappa , Rohit Manoj K. , Singhi Sunit , Bansal Arun , Baranwal Arun , Nallasamy Karthi , Angurana Suresh Kumar 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAcute myocarditis in children is associated with high morbidity and mortality, with limited data on intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment and outcome. Our goal was to describe clinical, treatment profile, and predictors of outcome in children with acute fulminant myocarditis (AFM) receiving intensive care. Case records of 120 children with clinical diagnosis of acute myocarditis from January 2008 to December 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. AFM was seen in 89 (74.2%) children of which nearly two-thirds (54 [60.7%]) were hypotensive at admission. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) ejection fraction on echocardiography was 25 (18.5–36%). Eighty-two children (68.3%) received IVIG. Intensive care needs were mechanical ventilation (n = 71; 59.2%) and inotrope support (n = 89; 74.2%); median inotrope score being 30 (IQR: 20–55). Twenty-one children died (17.5%). Fever (p = 0.004), arrhythmia (p = 0.03), shock (p = 0.015), higher inotrope score (p = 0.0001), need for ventilation (p = 0.025), acidosis (p = 0.013), AKI (p = 0.0001), transaminitis (p = 0.0001), and multiorgan dysfunction (p = 0.0001) were associated with mortality. The mortality was significantly less in IVIG treated group (12.1 vs. 28.9%; p = 0.02). On multiple logistic regression, MODS (p = 0.002) was independent predictor of mortality while IVIG treatment (p = 0.004) was favorably associated with survival. AFM complicated by multiorgan dysfunction carried a poor prognosis. IVIG was associated with survival benefit.
The Utility of Epworth Sleepiness Scale to Screen Moderate and Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea Preoperatively to Predict Difficult Airway
Authors: Soori Rashmi , D’Sa Ivor , Hosmane Giridhar 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is sleep-disordered breathing characterized by repetitive episodes of partial or complete upper airway collapse in sleep leading to apnea and/or hypopnea, desaturations, sleep disruptions, and cardiovascular changes. OSA is a known cause for difficult airway, especially mask ventilation. Daytime sleepiness is one of the hallmark symptoms of OSA. So, we used the Epworth sleepiness score (ESS) in patients suspected of OSA undergoing a sleep study.
Methods Overall, 44 subjects suspected to have OSA and undergoing polysomnography were included in the study. The socio-demographic details and the complaints were recorded and the Epworth sleepiness questionnaire was administered. The severity of OSA was graded as per the American Academy of Sleep Medicine using the apnea hypopnea index.
Results A total of 44 patients were included in the study. Out of these, 19 were mild, 13 moderate, and 12 severe OSA cases, respectively. ESS of more than 10 showed a positive predictive value of 81.25% and specificity of 85% in screening patients with moderate and severe OSA. But the sensitivity and negative predictive value was only 54.16 and 60.71%, respectively.
Conclusion ESS being a simple questionnaire can be easily used preoperatively. A score of more than 10 effectively diagnoses moderate and severe OSA, but less than 10 cannot rule out OSA
Prostatic Artery Embolization through the Profunda Femoris Artery
Authors: Sajan Abin , Isaacson Ari , Bagla Sandeep 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAn 88-year-old catheter-dependent patient with peripheral vascular disease and benign prostatic hyperplasia was referred for prostatic artery embolization (PAE). Selective angiography of the left internal iliac artery (IIA) revealed a 2.5-cm aneurysm and a single artery comprising the anterior division of the IIA (inferior gluteal artery). No prostatic artery (PA) was identified on the left. Additional angiography of the left external iliac artery (EIA), right IIA, and right EIA did not demonstrate prostatic perfusion. The right profunda femoris artery was then selected given previously reported atherosclerotic collaterals, which revealed an ascending branch of the medial circumflex femoral artery coursing through the upper thigh into the pelvis and reconstituting the right anterior division of the IIA. A 2.4-French microcatheter (Terumo) and 0.018-inch wire (Transcend, Boston Scientific) were used to enter the pelvic vasculature, right PA was identified, and a 2-mm coil was used to perform embolization of a potential nontarget anterior division branch. Embolization of the right PA was then performed with 250-µm particulate and Gelfoam slurry. Two-week follow-up revealed spontaneous voiding and catheter independence.
Magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of the nanocrystalline Pr0.7Ba0.2Ca0.1MnO3 sample
Authors: shi Meenak , Bisht Priyanka , Kumar Amit , Mahato Rabindra Nath 
Published: January 2021

We have investigated the structural and magnetization properties of the nanocrystalline Pr0.7Ba0.2Ca0.1MnO3 sample, synthesized using the sol–gel method. The Rietveld refinement of the X-ray diffraction pattern of the nanocrystalline sample (recorded at room temperature) confirmed the formation of the orthorhombic crystal structure with Pnma space group. The temperature dependent magnetization M(T) measurements suggested that the present sample undergoes a paramagnetic to ferromagnetic phase transition and the Curie temperature was found to be ∼ 126 K. The positive slopes observed from the Arrott plots for the present sample indicate the second order of magnetic phase transition, as per the Banerjee’s criterion. The maximum value of magnetic entropy change |ΔSMmax| and relative cooling power (RCP) were found to be ∼ 2.2 J kg-1K-1 and 261 Jkg-1 for a magnetic field change of 5 T. The phenomenological universal curve was constructed for the present sample and ΔSM curves were found to collapse into one, and the universal curve confirmed the second order of magnetic phase transition. The relatively large values of |ΔSM| and RCP make the present nanocrystalline compound promising for the magnetic refrigeration technology.
Annual variation rate of KL-6 for predicting acute exacerbation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease
Authors: Tanaka Nozomi , Nishimura Keisuke , Waki Daisuke , Kadoba Keiichiro , Murabe Hiroyuki , Yokota Toshihiko 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objectives
This study evaluated the prognostic factors for acute exacerbation (AE), including sequential changes in Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) levels, in rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) patients.

Methods
This was a retrospective observational study. We reviewed 125 patients diagnosed with RA-ILD between 2010 and 2019. We defined ΔKL-6 as the annual variation rate of KL-6 one visit before AE onset (or the last visit). The Cox regression analysis was used for evaluating significant variables associated with AE. We analysed the overall survival and respiratory-related death-free survival.

Results
Thirty-three patients (26.4%) developed AE during the observation period. The univariate analysis revealed that KL-6 levels at RA-ILD diagnosis [hazard ratio (HR), 1.11; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05–1.15; p &lt; .01) and ΔKL-6 (HR: 3.69; 95% CI: −1.36 to 7.96; p = .01] were significantly associated with AE. ΔKL-6 was an independent prognostic factor for AE in the multivariate analysis (HR: 3.37; 95% CI: −1.16 to 8.87; p = .03). Patients with AE had a significantly higher overall mortality rate (p = .02) and respiratory-related mortality rate (p &lt; .01) than those without AE.

Conclusion
ΔKL-6 can be a prognostic marker for detecting AE in RA-ILD patients.
QTc interval prolongation in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus treated with hydroxychloroquine
Authors: Nishiyama Taihei , Kondo Yuya , Tsuboi Hiroto , Noma Hisashi , Tabuchi Daiki , Sugita Toshiki , Okamoto Shota , Terasaki Toshihiko , Shimizu Masaru , Honda Fumika , Ohyama Ayako , Kurata Izumi , Yagishita Mizuki , Abe Saori , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Osada Atsumu , Hagiwara Shinya , Matsumoto Isao , Sumida Takayuki 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The primary objective is to reveal the effect of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) treatment on corrected QT (QTc) interval in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The secondary objective is to investigate factors that affect QTc prolongation.

Methods
SLE patients who had electrocardiograms between 2015 and 2020 were recruited and assigned to two groups based on whether they were treated with HCQ (HCQ group) or not (control group). Change of QTc before and after HCQ administration in the HCQ group was measured and compared with the control group. Patients treated with HCQ were further divided into two groups based on presence or absence of QTc prolongation and the characteristics were compared.

Results
In total, 126 patients were recruited, of whom 42 were treated with HCQ. In the HCQ group, the mean QTc significantly increased (p &lt; .001), while there was no significant difference of mean QTc in the control group. Moreover, those in the HCQ group with QTc prolongation showed a significantly higher proportion of hypertension and longer SLE duration compared to those without QTc prolongation. However, the multiple logistic regression analysis showed that there were no significant differences among them.

Conclusion
HCQ could induce QTc prolongation in SLE patients. It might be better that the possibility of QTc prolongation was taken into consideration when HCQ was administered in the patients with longer disease duration of SLE and coincidence of hypertension.
Modifying self-sensing cement-based composites through multiscale composition
Authors: Dong Sufen , Zhang Wei , Wang Danna , Wang Xinyue , Han Baoguo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper aims to develop self-sensing cement-based composites with high sensitivity through building a multiphasic and multiscale conductive network formed by hybrid super-fine stainless steel wires (SSWs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/nano-TiO2 particles (NTs). Experimental results show that 0.15 vol% SSWs are already in the percolation threshold zone, and incorporating CNTs/NTs has a synergistic effect of decreasing the electrical resistivity and increasing the strain sensitivity of cement-based composites under cyclic/monotonic compressive loading. The hybrid modification effect is closely related to the dosage and conductivity of nano-fillers. The sensing mechanisms mainly include the change of capacitance, tunneling resistance between fillers and intrinsic resistivity of fillers. For cement-based composites with 0.3 vol% SSWs, the electrical resistivity and self-sensing properties are primarily dominated by the SSW network, and are barely affected by the addition of CNTs. However, the strain sensitivity corresponding to the maximum absolute value of fractional change in electrical resistivity under monotonic loading is increased by 62.8% and reaches up to 140 as NTs are added, resulting from the semiconductor and nano-core properties of NTs to form a barrier between overlapping SSW conductive networks. It can therefore be concluded that tailoring different conductive networks by incorporating hybrid multiscale and multicharacteristic fillers is an effective method of developing self-sensing cement-based composites with high sensitivity.
A static beam delivery device for fast scanning proton arc-therapy
Authors: Nesteruk K P , Bolsi A , Lomax A J , Meer D , van de Water S , Schippers J M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Arc-therapy is a dose delivery technique regularly applied in photon radiation therapy, and is currently subject of great interest for proton therapy as well. In this technique, proton beams are aimed at a tumor from different continuous ranges of incident directions (so called ‘arcs’). This technique can potentially yield a better dose conformity around the tumor and a very low dose in the surrounding healthy tissue. Currently, proton-arc therapy is performed by rotating a proton gantry around the patient, adapting the normally used dose-delivery method to the arc-specific motion of the gantry. Here we present first results from a feasibility study of the conceptual design of a new static fast beam delivery device/system for proton-arc therapy, which could be used instead of a gantry. In this novel concept, the incident angle of proton beams can be set rapidly by only changing field strengths of small magnets. This device eliminates the motion of the heavy gantry and related hardware. Therefore, a reduction of the total treatment time is expected. In the feasibility study presented here, we concentrate on the concept of the beam transport. Based on several simple, but realistic assumptions and approximations, proton tracking calculations were performed in a 3D magnetic field map, to calculate the beam transport in this device and to investigate and address several beam-optics challenges. We propose and simulate corresponding solutions and discuss their outcomes. To enable the implementation of some usually applied techniques in proton therapy, such as pencil beam scanning, energy modulation and beam shaping, we present and discuss our proposals. Here we present the concept of a new idea to perform fast proton arc-scanning and we report on first results of a feasibility study. Based on these results, we propose several options and next steps in the design.
Isovector giant dipole resonances in proton-rich Ar and Ca isotopes *
Authors: Liu Ling , Liu Shuai , Zhang Shi-Sheng , Cao Li-Gang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The isovector giant dipole resonances (IVGDR) in proton-rich Ar and Ca isotopes have been systematically investigated using the resonant continuum Hartree-Fock+BCS (HF+BCS) and quasiparticle random phase approximation (QRPA) methods. The Skyrme SLy5 and density-dependent contact pairing interactions are employed in the calculations. In addition to the giant dipole resonances at energy around 18 MeV, pygmy dipole resonances (PDR) are found to be located in the energy region below 12 MeV. The calculated energy-weighted moments of PDR in nuclei close to the proton drip-line exhaust about 4% of the TRK sum rule. The strengths decrease with increasing mass number in each isotopic chain. The transition densities of the PDR states show that motions of protons and neutrons are in phase in the interiors of nuclei, while the protons give the main contribution at the surface. By analyzing the QRPA amplitudes of proton and neutron 2-quasiparticle configurations for a given low-lying state, we find that only a few proton configurations give significant contributions. They contribute about 95% to the total QRPA amplitudes, which indicates that the collectivity of PDR states is not strong in proton-rich nuclei in the present study.
Anisotropic stellar structures in the

theory of gravity with quintessence via embedding approach
Authors: Ditta Allah , Ahmad Mushtaq , Hussain Ibrar , Mustafa G. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This work suggests a new model for anisotropic compact stars with quintessence in

gravity by using the off-diagonal tetrad and the power-law as

, where T is the scalar torsion and

and n are real constants. The acquired field equations incorporating the anisotropic matter source along with the quintessence field, in

gravity, are investigated by making use of the specific character of the scalar torsion T for the observed stars

,

,

,

, and

. It is suggested that all the stellar structures under examination are advantageously independent of any central singularity and are stable. Comprehensive graphical analysis shows that various physical features which are crucially important for the emergence of the stellar structures are conferred.
Mid-infrared spectral responsivity scale based on an absolute cryogenic radiometer and a tunable quantum cascade laser
Authors: Liu Wende , Xu Nan , He Yingwei , Gan Haiyong , Feng Guojin , Wang Yanfei , Liu Xiangliang , Fu Yangting , Wang Yingce , Lin Yandong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The spectral optical radiant power of a quantum cascade laser (QCL) in the (7.35–10.6) µm spectral range has been measured using a Y-shape absolute cryogenic radiometer (ACR). The spectral responsivity (SR) of a transfer detector based on an integrating-sphere-coupled mercury-cadmium-telluride (IS-MCT) photoconductive detector has been calibrated. The optical radiant power of the QCL can be adjusted and stabilized in the range of (0.035–0.6) mW. The relative uncertainty of the ACR-based optical radiant power measurement was evaluated to be 0.023%–0.04% (k = 1). The relative uncertainty of the SR calibration of the IS-MCT transfer detector was analyzed to be 0.097%–0.16% (k = 1). The spectral range for the SR calibration can be extended to cover (3–12) µm using commercially available QCLs.