bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influenza, but not SARS‐CoV‐2, infection induces a rapid interferon response that wanes with age and diminished tissue‐resident memory CD8+ T cells
Authors: Nguyen Thi HO , McAuley Julie L , Kim Youry , Zheng Ming ZM , Gherardin Nicholas A , Godfrey Dale I , Purcell Damian FJ , Sullivan Lucy C , Westall Glen P , Reading Patrick C , Kedzierska Katherine , Wakim Linda M 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOlder individuals exhibit a diminished ability to respond to and clear respiratory pathogens and, as such, experience a higher rate of lung infections with a higher mortality rate. It is unclear why respiratory pathogens impact older people disproportionately. Using human lung tissue from donors aged 22–68 years, we assessed how the immune cell landscape in lungs changes throughout life and investigated how these immune cells respond following in vitro exposure to influenza virus and SARS‐CoV‐2, two clinically relevant respiratory viruses. While the frequency of most immune cell subsets profiled in the human lung remained stable with age, memory CD8+ T cells declined, with the tissue‐resident memory (Trm) CD8+ T‐cell subset being most susceptible to age‐associated attrition. Infection of lung tissue with influenza virus resulted in an age‐associated attenuation in the antiviral immune response, with aged donors producing less type I interferon (IFN), GM‐CSF and IFNγ, the latter correlated with a reduction of IFNγ‐producing memory CD8+ T cells. In contrast, irrespective of donor age, exposure of human lung cells to SARS‐CoV‐2, a pathogen for which all donors were immunologically naïve, did not trigger activation of local immune cells and did not result in the induction of an early IFN response. Our findings show that the attrition of tissue‐bound pathogen‐specific Trm in the lung that occurs with advanced age, or their absence in immunologically naïve individuals, results in a diminished early antiviral immune response which creates a window of opportunity for respiratory pathogens to gain a greater foothold.
Self‐reported weight loss attempts and weight‐related stress in childhood: Heightening the risk of obesity in early adolescence
Authors: Harnois‐Leblanc Soren , Van Hulst Andraea , Sabiston Catherine M. , Maximova Katerina , Béland Mélanie , Doré Isabelle , Sylvestre Marie‐Pierre , Henderson Mélanie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveWeight loss attempts occur as early as childhood. The impacts of weight loss attempts and weight‐related stress on the occurrence of obesity during childhood remain unknown. We aimed to: (a) assess the prevalence of self‐reported weight loss attempts and weight‐related stress in 8–10 year‐old children and (b) determine associations with adiposity 2 years later.MethodData were collected from a cohort study of 564 Canadian children aged 8–10 years, having one or both biological parents with obesity (Quebec Adipose and Lifestyle Investigation in Youth cohort). Self‐reported weight loss attempts and weight‐related stress were assessed at baseline in the child's questionnaire. Adiposity was measured at baseline and 2 years later using body mass index z‐scores (zBMI), waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR), and percentage of body fat (%BF) obtained from dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used while adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsForty‐eight percent of children reported previous weight loss attempts and 20% reported weight‐related stress. Self‐reported weight loss attempts and weight‐related stress were associated with higher zBMI, WHtR, and %BF 2 years later in adjusted models, although estimates were attenuated when including baseline adiposity measures. Self‐reported weight loss attempts, but not weight‐related stress, increased the risk of becoming overweight among children who were normal weight at baseline.DiscussionWeight loss attempts are prevalent in children with parental obesity. Children reporting weight loss attempts and weight‐related stress tend to have higher adiposity 2 years later and are more likely to become overweight.
Brain size variation along altitudinal gradients in the Asiatic Toad (Bufo gargarizans)
Authors: Yao Zhongyi , Qi Yin , Yue Bisong , Fu Jinzhong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSize changes in brain and brain regions along altitudinal gradients provide insight into the trade‐off between energetic expenditure and cognitive capacity. We investigated the brain size variations of the Asiatic Toad (Bufo gargarizans) across altitudes from 700 m to 3,200 m. A total of 325 individuals from 11 sites and two transects were sampled. To reduce confounding factors, all sampling sites within each transect were within a maximum distance of 85 km and an altitudinal difference close to 2,000 m. Brains were dissected, and five regions were both measured directly and with 3D CT scan. There is a significant negative correlation between the relative whole‐brain volume (to snout‐vent length) and altitude. Furthermore, the relative volumes (to whole‐brain volume) of optic tectum and cerebellum also decrease along the altitudinal gradients, while the telencephalon increases its relative volume along the gradients. Therefore, our results are mostly consistent with the expensive brain hypothesis and the functional constraint hypothesis. We suggest that most current hypotheses are not mutually exclusive and data supporting one hypothesis are often partially consistent with others. More studies on mechanisms are needed to explain the brain size evolution in natural populations.
Sacubitril/valsartan ameliorates cardiac hypertrophy and preserves diastolic function in cardiac pressure overload
Authors: Nordén Einar Sjaastad , Bendiksen Bård Andre , Andresen Henriette , Bergo Kaja Knudsen , Espe Emil Knut , Hasic Almira , Hauge‐Iversen Ida Marie , Veras Ioanni , Hussain Rizwan I. , Sjaastad Ivar , Christensen Geir , Cataliotti Alessandro 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimsSacubitril/valsartan (sac/val) has shown superior effect compared with blockade of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. We aimed to investigate effects of sac/val compared with valsartan in a pressure overload model of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).Methods and resultsSprague–Dawley rats underwent aortic banding or sham (n = 16) surgery and were randomized to sac/val (n = 28), valsartan (n = 29), or vehicle (n = 26) treatment for 8 weeks. Sac/val reduced left ventricular weight by 11% compared with vehicle (P = 0.01) and 9% compared with valsartan alone (P = 0.04). Only valsartan reduced blood pressure compared with sham (P = 0.02). Longitudinal early diastolic strain rate was preserved in sac/val compared with sham, while it was reduced by 23% in vehicle (P = 0.03) and 24% in valsartan (P = 0.02). Diastolic dysfunction, measured by E/e'SR, increased by 68% in vehicle (P < 0.01) and 80% in valsartan alone (P < 0.001), while sac/val showed no increase. Neither sac/val nor valsartan prevented interstitial fibrosis. Although ejection fraction was preserved, we observed mild systolic dysfunction, with vehicle showing a 28% decrease in longitudinal strain (P < 0.01). Neither sac/val nor valsartan treatment improved this dysfunction.ConclusionsIn a model of HFpEF induced by cardiac pressure overload, sac/val reduced hypertrophy compared with valsartan alone and ameliorated diastolic dysfunction. These effects were independent of blood pressure. Early systolic dysfunction was not affected, supporting the notion that sac/val has the largest potential in conditions characterized by reduced ejection fraction. Observed anti‐hypertrophic effects in preserved ejection fraction implicate potential benefit of sac/val in the clinical setting of hypertrophic remodelling and impaired diastolic function.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation‐assisted emergency percutaneous treatment of left ventricular assist device graft occlusion
Authors: Stio Rocco Edoardo , Montalto Andrea , Feccia Mariano , Intorcia Alfredo , Buffa Vitaliano , Cesario Vincenzo , Petroni Giulia , De Felice Francesco , Musumeci Francesco 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEnd‐stage heart failure is more often treated with Implantable left ventricular assist device (LVAD), even if the prolonged use may increase the risk of complications. In this case, a 51‐year‐old male patient presented to our emergency department showing acute heart failure signs and symptoms and a dramatic reduction of LVAD flow. Laboratory tests ruled out significant haemolysis, usually associated with pump thrombosis. The echocardiogram and the computed tomography were not able to clarify the correct diagnosis. We immediately placed a veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, followed by a selective retrograde angiography of the pump. The images showed stenosis of the LVAD‐outflow graft, suggesting a twist. Through a hand‐made J‐tip guidewire, we performed multiple dilatations of the occlusion using peripheral balloons. Finally, we implanted an aortic coarctation covered‐stent, re‐establishing an adequate cardiac output to the patient. Our case indicates that catheter‐based approach in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation assistance provides an important therapeutic alternative to treat outflow graft stenosis, especially in the case of acutely unstable patient.
1D Coordination Polymer Derived from Redox‐Active Digallane
Authors: Koptseva Tatyana S. , Bazyakina Natalia L. , Moskalev Mikhail V. , Baranov Evgeny V. , Fedushkin Igor L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe reaction of [LGa−GaL] (1) (L=dpp‐bian=1,2‐bis[(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imino]acenaphthene) with 4,4′‐bipyridine (4,4‐bipy) results in the formation of complex [L2(4,4‐bipy)2Ga2] (2). The reaction of 1 with 1,3‐bis(4‐pyridyl)propane (1,3‐Py2(CH2)3) affords 1D coordination polymer [L2(μ2‐1,3‐Py2(CH2)3)Ga2]n (3). Compounds 2 and 3 were characterized by 1H NMR and IR spectroscopy; their molecular structures were established by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis.
Inhibition of ferroptosis‐like cell death attenuates neuropathic pain reactions induced by peripheral nerve injury in rats
Authors: Guo Yue , Du Jingyi , Xiao Cuicui , Xiang Ping , Deng Yifan , Hei Ziqing , Li Xiang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundRelationships between iron‐dependent ferroptosis and nerve system diseases have been recently revealed. However, the role of ferroptosis in neuropathic pain (NeP) remains to be elucidated. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether ferroptosis in spinal cord contributes to NeP induced by a chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve.MethodsForty Sprague‐Dawley rats received CCI or sham surgery, and were randomly assigned to the following four groups: sham group; CCI + LIP group; CCI + Veh group; and CCI group. Liproxstatin‐1 or corn oil were separately injected intraperitoneally for three consecutive days after surgery in the CCI + LIP or CCI + Veh group. The mechanical and thermal hypersensitivities were tested after surgery. Biochemical and morphological changes related to ferroptosis in the spinal cord were also assessed. These included iron content, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and anti‐acyl‐CoA synthetase long‐chain family member 4 (ACSL4) expression, lipid peroxidation assays, as well as mitochondrial morphology.ResultsCCI‐induced NeP was followed by iron accumulation, increased lipid peroxidation and dysregulation of ACSL4 and GPX4. Moreover transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of aberrant morphological changes on mitochondrial, such as mitochondria shrinkage and membrane rupture. Furthermore, the administration of liproxstatin‐1 on CCI rats attenuated hypersensitivities, lowered the iron level, decreased spinal lipid peroxidation, restored the dysregulations in GPX4 and ACSL4 levels, and protected against CCI induced morphological changes in mitochondria.ConclusionsOur findings indicated the involvement of ferroptosis in CCI induced NeP, and point to ferroptosis inhibitors such as liproxstatin‐1 as potential therapies for hypersensitivity induced by peripheral nerve injury.SignificanceThe spinal ferroptosis‐like cell death was involved in the development of neuropathic pain resulted from peripheral nerve injury, and inhibition of ferroptosis by liproxstatin‐1 could alleviate mechanical and thermal hypersensitivities. This knowledge suggested that ferroptosis could represent a potential therapeutic target for neuropathic pain.
Fully transient stretchable fruit‐based battery as safe and environmentally friendly power source for wearable electronics
Authors: Wang Zifeng , Li Xue , Yang Zijie , Guo Hongchen , Tan Yu Jun , Susanto Glenys Jocelin , Cheng Wen , Yang Weidong , Tee Benjamin Chee Keong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPower sources with good mechanical compliance are essential for various flexible and stretchable electronics. However, most of the current energy storage devices comprise of hazardous materials that may cause environmental pollution when improperly disposed. We show the first example of a stretchable, yet fully degradable battery made from nontoxic and environmentally friendly materials such as fruit‐based gel electrolytes and cellulose paper electrodes. The battery exhibits an areal capacity of 2.9 μAh cm−2 at 40 μA cm−2, corresponding to a maximum energy density around 4.0 μW h cm−2 at 56 μW cm−2 power density. The biomaterials constituted battery shows good mechanical tolerance to twisting, bending, and stretching while powering various electronic devices when combined with kirigami. Importantly, the entire battery disintegrates readily in phosphate buffered saline/cellulase solution. We integrate the “green” battery with various sensors in wearable healthcare devices for pulsation sensing and low‐noise surface electromyography applications.image
Combined effects of Ziziphora clinopodioides essential oil and lysozyme to extend shelf life and control Listeria monocytogenes in Balkan‐style fresh sausage
Authors: Ajourloo Maryam , Khanjari Ali , Misaghi Ali , Akhondzadeh Basti Afshin , Kamkar Abolfazl , Yadegar Faezeh , Gholami Fatemeh , Khansavar Farzaneh , Fallah Fazel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study was done to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of Ziziphora clinopodioides essential oil (ZCEO) (0, 0.1, and 0.3%) and lysozyme (0 and 400 µg/g) on control of Listeria (L.) monocytogenes and also microbial, chemical, and organoleptic properties of Balkan type fresh sausage under modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) during 13‐day storage at refrigerated condition. Results revealed that treated sausages had a slower rate of increase in microbial count than control and sausages containing ZCEO (0.3%) and lysozyme (400 µg/g) possess the lowest microbial count at the end of the storage period. A reduction between 0.90 and 2.05 log CFU/g in L. monocytogenes was recorded for the treated sausage samples in comparison with control samples after 13 days of storage. Based on chemical findings, at the end of the storage, TVB‐N value in the control sample gradually increased to 34.30 mg/100 g, whereas TVB‐N values of the treated samples with each of the lysozyme and ZCEO alone or in combination were below 25 mg/100 g during the entire storage period. The final TBARS value for the control sample was 0.58 mg malondialdehyde/kg, while the TBARS values for the treated samples remained lower as 0.46 mg malondialdehyde/kg. Regarding sensory attributes, adding ZCEO results in insignificant lower scores in odor and taste than control in the early days of the study (p > .05). It can be argued that ZCEO alone or in combination with lysozyme showed good antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and may have this potential to be used as a preservative in fresh sausage without any significant adverse sensory effects (p > .05).
Strong correspondence between prefrontal and visual representations during emotional perception
Authors: Park Doyoung , Kim Taehyun , Lee Sue‐Hyun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEmotion is thought to cause focal enhancement or distortion of certain components of memory, indicating a complex property of emotional modulation on memory rather than simple enhancement. However, the neural basis for detailed modulation of emotional memory contents has remained unclear. Here has been shown that the information processing of the prefrontal cortex differentially affects sensory representations during experience of emotional information compared with neutral information, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). It was found that during perception of emotional pictures, information representation in primary visual cortex (V1) significantly corresponded with the representations in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). This correspondence was not observed for neutral pictures. Furthermore, participants with greater correspondence between visual and prefrontal representations showed better memory for high‐level semantic components but not for low‐level visual components of emotional stimuli. These results suggest that sensory representation during experience of emotional stimuli, compared with neutral stimuli, is more directly influenced by internally generated higher‐order information from the prefrontal cortex.
A new landmark for lingual artery identification during transoral surgery: Anatomic‐radiologic study
Authors: Gualtieri Tommaso , Verzeletti Vincenzo , Ferrari Marco , Perotti Pietro , Morello Riccardo , Taboni Stefano , Palumbo Giovanni , Ravanelli Marco , Rampinelli Vittorio , Mattavelli Davide , Paderno Alberto , Buffoli Barbara , Rodella Luigi Fabrizio , Nicolai Piero , Deganello Alberto 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundA landmark for the identification of the lingual artery (LA) through a transoral perspective can provide surgeons with an easy method to prevent and manage intraoperative bleeding during transoral approach to the base of tongue (BOT).MethodsThirteen tongue and five head and neck specimens were dissected to identify and assess the reliability of the lingual point (LP) as a new landmark for the LA at BOT. The pathway of 42 LAs was radiologically evaluated; axial depth and vertical offset were measured for each LA.ResultsDissection study: a description of LP is provided; the LA was easily identified in all specimens (36/36 sides) using LP as a landmark. Radiologic study: the mean depth of the LA was 4.2 mm, the mean vertical offset was 1.3 mm.ConclusionsLP is a simple and reliable landmark for identification of the LA, potentially helping surgeons to prevent and manage intraoperative bleeding.
Typhoon rainfall impact on drip water δ18O in Xianyun cave, Southeast China
Authors: Yang Yunyue , Xu Tao , Zhang Xin , Ma Le , Lone Mahjoor Ahmad , Jiang Xiuyang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPrecisely dated high‐resolution speleothems may record past typhoon events, however, the state of the art cave monitoring is a prerequisite to identify suitable stalagmites for the reconstruction of such events. With this motivation, we examined the isotopic composition (δ18O and d‐excess values) of rainfall, outside river, cave drip water, and an underground river in the Xianyun cave system, located in southeastern China. Monthly to bi‐monthly monitoring of environmental and isotopic conditions was conducted for 1 year, from December 2018 to December 2019, including a typhoon event (August 24, 2019 to August 26, 2019), called Bailu. The δ18O of rainfall samples over the cave and outside river water ranged from −9.7‰ to −1.9‰ and −8.2‰ to −6.3‰, respectively, while the δ18O of Typhoon Bailu rainfall and instantaneous outside river water ranged from −19.6‰ to −6.3‰ and −10.4‰ to −7.7‰, respectively. Typhoon Bailu‐induced rainfall showed distinctly negative δ18O values as compared to those of the monthly and bi‐monthly rainfall, exhibiting a three‐stage inverted U‐shaped variation characteristic. Four drip water monitoring sites inside the cave revealed low variations during the studied period with average values of −7.8‰, −8.0‰, −8.0‰, and −8.1‰. However, during the typhoon, the drip water δ18O values exhibited similar characteristic as outside rainfall but with just 0.2‰ negative deviation owing to precipitation amount and drip water source reservoir. The integration of rainfall amount with drip water source reservoir determines the degree to which a typhoon isotopic signature gets diluted during epikarst infiltration. This study provides the first instrumental evidence of typhoon signal in karst system in southeastern China. Our results imply that the δ18O of drip water in Xianyun cave can instantaneously respond to typhoon rainfall. However, the 0.2‰ shift in drip water δ18O is difficult to be recorded by speleothems. We suggest multi‐year monitoring to ascertain fully if the stalagmites could be used as paleotyphoon proxy.
High prevalence of clonal hematopoiesis‐type genomic abnormalities in cell‐freeDNAin invasive gliomas after treatment
Authors: Okamura Ryosuke , Piccioni David E. , Boichard Amélie , Lee Suzanna , Jimenez Rebecca E. , Sicklick Jason K. , Kato Shumei , Kurzrock Razelle 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPlasma cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) is emerging as an important diagnostic tool in cancer. However, cfDNA alterations may differ from those in tissue and sometimes may reflect processes unrelated to the cancer, including clonal hematopoiesis (CH). We examined plasma cfDNA, tested by next‐generation sequencing (NGS), for characterized alterations (excluding variants of unknown significance) in 135 patients with invasive glioma. Overall, 21% (28/135) had ≥1 alteration; 17% (23/135) had CH‐type cfDNA mutations. Temozolomide (a mutagenic alkylating agent) with concurrent radiation therapy prior to blood draw was significantly associated with an increase in CH‐type mutations, even after age, race/ethnicity, and WHO‐grade were considered as confounders (odds ratio [95% confidence interval, CI] 8.98 [1.13‐71.46];P= .04; multivariable analysis). Further, of 18 patients with invasive glioma who had both cfDNA and tissue DNA NGS and had ≥1 cfDNA alteration, 16 (89%) had ≥1 cfDNA alteration not found in their tissue DNA, including CH‐type alterations in genes such asTP53(most common),ATM,GNAS, andJAK2. Altogether, 87% of cfDNA alterations (20/23) observed in the 18 patients were implicated in CH. Finally, examining all 135 patients, CH‐type cfDNA mutations were an independent prognostic factor for shorter survival (hazard ratio [95% CI] 3.28 [1.28‐8.40];P= .01). These findings emphasize that not all characterized cfDNA alterations detected in patients with solid tumors are cancer‐related. Importantly, in patients with invasive gliomas who have had prior temozolomide and radiation, CH‐related alterations in cfDNA are frequent and correlate with poor outcomes.