bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extraction of Nanocrystals from Millet (Eleusine Coracana) Husk Waste : Optimization using Box Behnken Design Method in Response Surface Methodology (Rsm)
Authors: Musamba Banza , Rutto Hilary 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have unique and diverse applications in the various fields of developing nanomaterials. In this work, cellulose nanocrystals were extracted from millet husk residue waste using a homogenized acid hydrolysis method. The effects of the process variables namely; homogenization speed, acid concentration and acid to cellulose ratio on the yield and swelling capacity were investigated and optimized using the Box Behnken design method in response surface methodology. The cellulose and nano-cellulose obtained were characterized using transform infrared microscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The numerical optimization analysis results showed that the maximum yield of CNCs from cellulose was 93.12 % and obtained at homogenization speed, acid concentration, and acid to cellulose ratio of 7464.0 rpm, 63.40 wt %, and 18.83 wt % respectively. The maximum swelling capacity of 2.81 % was obtained at homogenization speed, acid concentration, and acid to cellulose ratio of 8000 rpm, 62.5 wt %, and 25 wt % respectively. A mathematical model was obtained to predict the yield and the swelling capacity of cellulose nanocrystals with R2 of the value of 98.9 % and 97.9% respectively. The TGA showed that the thermal stability of cellulose was higher than that of CNCs, FTIR results showed functional groups of CNCs and cellulose were similar, SEM image of CNCs is porous and displayed narrow particle size and needle-like morphology as compared to cellulose and XRD pattern presented an increase in the intensity of CNCs.
Experimental Analysis of Pore Structure and Fractal Characteristics of Soft and Hard Coals With Same Coalification
Authors: Ullah Barkat , Cheng Yuanping , Wang Liang , Yang Weihua , Jiskani Izhar Mithal , Hu Biao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Accurate and quantitative investigation of the physical structure and fractal geometry of coal has important theoretical and practical significance for coal bed methane and the prevention of dynamic disasters such as coal and gas outbursts. This study investigates the pore structure and fractural characteristics of soft and hard coals using nitrogen and carbon dioxide (N2/CO2) adsorption. Coal samples from Pingdingshan Mine in Henan province of China were collected and pulverized to the required size (0.2-0.25mm). N2/CO2 adsorption tests were performed to evaluate the pore size distribution (PSD), specific surface area (SSA), and pore volume (PV). The pore structure was characterized based on fractural theory. The results unveiled that the strength of coal has a significant influence on pore structure and fracture dimensions. The obvious N2-adsorption isotherms of the coals were verified as Type IV (A) and Type II. The shape of the hysteresis loops indicates the presence of slit-shaped pores. There are significant differences in SSA and PV between both coals. The soft coal showed larger SSA and PV than hard coal that shows consistency with adsorption capacity. The fractal dimensions of soft coal are respectively larger than that of hard coal. The greater the value of D1 (complexity of pore surface) of soft coal is, the larger the pore surface roughness and gas adsorption capacity is. The results enable us to conclude that the characterization of pores and fractures of soft and hard coals is different, tending to different adsorption/desorption characteristics and outburst sensitivity. In this regard, results provide a reference for formulating corresponding coal and gas outburst prevention and control measures.
Purification and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds Extracted from Suaeda Maritima Leaf and its Impact on Pathogenicity of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in Catla Catla Fingerlings
Authors: G Beulah , D Divya , N.S. Sampath Kumar , M.V.N. Sravya , K Govinda Rao , Chintagunta Anjani Devi , G Divya , S Hari Chandana , Dantu Blessy Beulah , PALLI SIMHACHALAM GULLI 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Incidence of various dreadful microbial infections and the development of antibiotic resistance by infection causative microbes are the main reasons for reducing aquaculture productivity. Hence, there is an immense need for the discovery of alternative and efficient treatment for quick recovery of diseased fishes. In the present study, Suaeda maritima leaf extracts (hexane, diethyl ether, ethanol, and water) were screened for in vitro and in vivo antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Out of all the four extracts, ethanolic extract showed highest antibacterial activity against S.aureus (4.9±1.3 mm), B.subtilis (1.6±0.3 mm), K.pneumonia (4.2±1.8 mm), and P.aeruginosa (4.1±1.2 mm). Similarly, antioxidant activity was also higher for ethanolic extract (500 µg/ml) based on DPPH radical scavenging ability (71.6±1.4 %) and reducing potential (149 μg/mL) assays. Further, ethanolic extract was purified consecutively via column chromatography and preparative TLC where an active fraction was selected based on highest antibacterial (10.1±1.4 mm) and antioxidant properties (82.3±2.8 %). Active fraction was loaded onto mass spectroscopy and identified the presence of four active constituents such as 1,2,9,10-tetramethoxy-6-methyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinolin-3-yl) methanol; 3',7-Dimethoxy-3-hydroxyflavone; Saponin and (19R)9acetyl19hydroxy10,14dimethyl20oxopentacyclo[11.8.0.0<2,10>.0<4,9>.0<14,19>]henicos-17-yl-acetate. Besides, in vivo studies were conducted on Catla catla fingerlings infected with P. aeruginosa under laboratory conditions. The fingerlings were segregated into 5 groups, among which group 4 and 5 were treated with crude and purified extracts. Both the extracts were efficient in treating infected fingerlings and recorded 100% survival rate which is even better than group-3 treated with a synthetic antibiotic (77%). Hence, S. maritima leaf extract can be considered as a possible alternative medicine in aquaculture
In Vitro Assessment of Anthelmintic Activities of AgO Nanoparticle in Comparison to Closantel Against Liver Fluke Dicrocoelium Dendriticum
Authors: Arbabi Mohsen , Haddad Atefeh , HosseipourMashkani Seyed Mostafa , Hooshyar Hossein 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Dicrocoeliasis is a rare Food-Born parasitic disease of the grazing herbivores as well humans, caused by Dicrocoelium dendriticum making severe pathological changes of the liver and bile systems, and therapeutic options for treatment are limited. With the appearance of drug resistance in liver flukes, there is a need to focus on alternative approaches to control helminth parasites of veterinary importance. Because of low-performance medications; drug delivery poses a great challenge for better treatment of Dicrocoeliasis. The current study aims to determine the anthelmintic properties of silver oxide nanoparticles (AgO) as a new method in dicrocoeliasis treatment, in vitro assay.Methods: The impacts of various concentrations of AgO nanoparticles (50-200 µg/ml) for 12-24 hours were compared with the Closantel, as the chemical drug. The anthelmintic efficacy was measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique.Results: SEM images of treated worms by AgO (200 µg/ml) showed severe damage, including complete loss of sensory papillae and destruction of prominent network structures and tegument vesicles. The mortality rates how the anthelmintic properties of AgO were highly relied on time and concentration, as far as increasing the time and concentration cause increasing the mortality rate. According to the MTT assay, the toxicity of AgO, at concentrations, 800 µg/ml is 8.7 %. Conclusions: Hence, it could be concluded that AgO NPs performed anthelmintic properties effects. To the best of our knowledge, no previous reports have assessed the effect of AgO NP on liver fluke D.dendriticum. Therefore, the present study provides a basis for future research on the control of this common trematode.
The short chain fatty acid butyrate prevents intracellular replication of Legionella by regulating cysteine levels in macrophages
Authors: Abraham Gilu , Swaminathan Angavai , Barlow Christopher , Nguyen Thanh , Bhuvan Tejasvini , Heng Tracy , Lazarou Michael , Kapetanovic Ronan , Sweet Matthew , Traven Ana , Creek Darren , Beilharz Traude , Marino Eliana , Naderer Thomas 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Macrophages can prevent infections from intracellular pathogens by restricting access to essential nutrients, termed nutritional immunity. With the exception of tryptophan depletion, it is unclear if other amino acids are similarly regulated in infected macrophages. Here, we show that the expression of nutrient transporters in Legionella-infected macrophages is modulated by the short chain fatty acid butyrate. Butyrate prevented the upregulation of the cystine/glutamate exchanger, Slc7a11, in macrophages infected with L. pneumophila, which decreased cellular cysteine levels. Butyrate and the Slc7a11 inhibitor erastin impaired intracellular Legionella replication in macrophages in vitro, with these being restored by exogenous supplementation with cysteine. Butyrate caused increased histone acetylation in infected macrophages, and pan- and class II HDAC inhibitors also restricted intracellular Legionella growth in a cysteine-dependent manner. Intranasal administration of butyrate reduced L. pneumophila lung burdens in mice. Our data suggest that butyrate alters the metabolism of macrophages to promote nutritional immunity by decreasing cysteine levels and that this can be harnessed to treat bacterial lung infections.
Evaluation of an Ultrasound-Guided Palpation Intervention for Palpation Skill Training: A Single-Blind, Parallel Group, Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Kitagawa Takashi , Aoki Yuma , Sugimoto Hotaka , Ozaki Natsumi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Although there are increasing reports on the usefulness of sonopalpation with ultrasound imaging, many previous studies have reported interventions without a control group. This single-blind, parallel group randomised controlled trial aimed to determine whether educational instruction with sonopalpation for medical students has a superior effect on skill improvement than traditional instruction without ultrasonography. Twenty-nine medical students participated in the study and were randomised using block randomisation into an ultrasound imaging group (n = 15) and a control group (n = 14). Then, they underwent three training sessions focusing on the shoulder joint. Participants underwent a scoring assessment of their palpation skills at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and follow-up 3 months after training. The raters were blinded to the subjects’ group. The Friedman and Mann–Whitney U tests were used for data analysis. The intervention group showed a significant increase in scores at post-intervention and at the 3-month follow-up when compared with the pre-intervention group (p < 0.05); the effect sizes were large (0.849 and 0.849, respectively). A comparison of the scores at different time points after the intervention at the 3-month follow-up revealed that there was no significant difference between the groups. Education using ultrasound images may improve the sonopalpation skills of medical students.
Antimicrobial Activity of Bacteriocin Produced By a New Lactobacillus Curvatus sp.LAB-3H Isolated From Traditional Yogurt
Authors: Heidari Zahra , Ghasemi Mohammad Faezi , Modiri Leila 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In recent years, the use of bacteriocin-producing Lactobacillus species has received much attention in different areas including using as probiotics, food preservation, and as broad antimicrobial spectrum activity. In this study, a bacteriocin-producing Lactobacillus strain was isolated from traditional yogurt. The isolate was identified by morphological, biochemical,16S rRNA analysis, and designated as Lactobacillus curvatus LAB-3H. The primary antimicrobial activity of the isolate was evaluated on Micrococcus luteus PTCC 1408 by the agar gel diffusion method. The growth of L. curvatus LAB-3H in MRS broth at 37°C and its antimicrobial activity against Lactobacillus casei ATCC 39392 was evaluated. In batch culture analysis, bacteriocin production starts at the early exponential growth phase and continues to the middle of the stationary phase about (660 AU/ml) at 28h and pH 3.8. Bacteriocin produced by L. curvatus LAB-3H showed antibacterial activity against some selected foodborne pathogens including; Listeria monocytogenes PTCC1294, Bacillus cereus PTCC1857, Staphylococcus aureus PTCC1917 and, Escherichia coli PTCC1276. For purification of bacteriocin, ammonium sulfate precipitation and cation exchange chromatography methods were used. The maximum antimicrobial activity observed was about 3985.15 AU/mg of protein, which was a 249.22-fold increase, and 5.21% yield compared with that in the cell-free supernatant. The molecular weight of bacteriocin was approximately 55 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The obtained results in this study demonstrate that bacteriocin from L. curvatus LAB-3H is a potential candidate for controlling microbial contaminations and can be used in different sectors such as food industries.
Identification of An Immune-related Signature in Predicting Prognosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Li Qilin , Meng Xinyao , Chen Weimin , Chen Xin , Mao Jing 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Immunotherapy is one of the most promising treatment strategies in cancer, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study aims to identify an immune-related signature to predict clinical outcomes of OSCC patients. Methods: Gene transcriptome data of OSCC tumour and normal tissues and corresponding clinical information were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Tumor Immune Estimation Resource algorithm (ESTIMATE) was used to calculate the immune/stromal-related scores. The immune/stromal scores and associated clinical characteristics of OSCC patients were evaluated. Univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses, least absolute shrinkage, and selection operator (LASSO) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to assess the prognostic prediction capacity. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Gene Ontology (GO) function annotation were used to analysis the functions of TME related genes.Results: 11 predictor genes were identified in the immune-related signature and overall survival (OS) in the high-risk group significantly shorter than the low-risk group. ROC analysis showed the TME related signature has well ability of predicting the total OS of OSCC patients. What’s more, GSEA and GO function annotation proved that immunity and immune-related pathways are mainly enriched in the high-risk group.Conclusions: We identified an immune-related signature that was closely correlated with the prognosis and immune response to OSCC patients. This signature may have important implications for improving the clinical survival rate of OSCC patients and provide a potential strategy for cancer immunotherapy.
Operational Challenges that May Affect Implementation of Evidence-Based Interventions at Mobile Produce Markets
Authors: Kasprzak Christina , Lally Anne , Schoonover Julia J. , Gallicchio Deanna , Haynes-Maslow Lindsey , Vermont Leah N. , Ammerman Alice S. , Raja Samina , Tumiel-Berhalter Laurene , Tirabassi Jill N. , Leone Lucia A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Mobile produce markets are becoming an increasingly prevalent, accepted, and effective strategy for improving fruit and vegetable (F&V) access and consumption across underserved and lower-income communities. However, there is limited published research on mobile market operations. The goal of this research is to identify the challenges mobile markets face and ways to potentially mitigate those challenges. We will also discuss implications of our findings on implementation of evidence-based interventions for mobile produce markets. Methods: We conducted 21 semi-structured key informant (KI) interviews to assess common practices of mobile market organizations that had been operating for 2 + years. We asked KIs about their organizational structure, operations, procurement and logistics, evaluation efforts, marketing and community engagement, success and challenges. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed by two independent coders using ATLAS.ti 8.0 qualitative software. A secondary qualitative analysis identified subthemes related to common challenges and remedial practices. An inductive coding process was applied to match identified challenges to the appropriate Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Results: The leading challenges cited by KIs correspond to the CFIR domains of inner setting (e.g., funding and resources), outer setting (e.g., navigating regulations), and process (e.g. engaging community partnership). Practices that may mitigate challenges include maximizing ancillary services, adopting innovative volunteer and staffing structures, and formalizing agreements with community partners. Conclusion: Common and persistent challenges ought to be addressed to ensure and enhance the positive public health impacts of mobile produce markets. Contextual factors, particularly organizational factors, that impact implementation should also be considered when implementing an evidence-based-intervention at a mobile market. Further research is needed to determine which innovative solutions are the most effective in mitigating challenges, improving implementation, and enhancing sustainability of mobile markets.
Control-Oriented Modeling Of A Thermal Engine Based On A Deep Learning Approach
Authors: Banta Nelson Junior Issondj , Offole Florence , Essola Dieudonne , Yotchou Vidal Giovani Tchato , Abbe Claude Valery Ngayihi , Mouangue Ruben 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The work carried out in this paper focused on "control-oriented modeling of a thermal engine using a deep learning approach". The goal of this work is to develop a neural network model of a thermal engine and to make a prediction of parameters related to engine management and directly impacting pollutant emissions and fuel consumption. For it, data was taken from an experimentation engine and made it possible to make maps of its operation. These maps enabled the calibration of a Simulink model of a thermal engine. Through a systems identification approach, the temporal response of the motor was estimated and made it possible to develop a database which was used for the training the LSTM artificial neural network. The work carried out showed that the learning phase of the neural network proceeded in a consistent way (overall decrease in cost functions) and converged towards a value of RMSE = 1.09 better than those observed in the literature. The resulting neural engine model made it possible to predict several variables (fuel mass flow rate and pollutant mass flow rates) with acceptable residual errors. These results reveal that the neural model obtained correctly predicts the said variables and can therefore be used in closed-loop simulations of the operation of a vehicle or for a context of simulation of the operation of the engine.
RNF208 is a Biomarker Associated with Immune Infiltration in Low-Grade Gliomas
Authors: cheng tong , Xu Manyu , Wu Bowen , Jiang Sutian , Wu Qianqian , Zhang Xiaojing 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Gliomas that contain common tumors originating in the central nervous system include low-grade gliomas (LGGs) and high-grade gliomas (HGGs). RNF208 is a gene that has not been researched in LGGs. Methods: Our study appraised the function of RNF208 in LGGs using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The RNF208 expression level was analyzed via the Oncomine and TCGA database. The association between RNF208 expression levels and the clinical survival outcomes was evaluated by using COX regression and Kaplan-Meier plotting analysis. CIBERSORT was applied to investigate the correlation between RNF208 expression levels and cancer immune infiltrating cells. To explore relevant biological processes, we carried out Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. A protein network interacting with RNF208 was also established using the STRING tool. Results: A group of data of LGGs patients based on the TCGA database revealed that high RNF208 expression level was relevant to a favorable prognosis. Besides, RNF208 expression that served as an independent factor was significantly correlated with WHO grade groups in univariate analysis. Furthermore, RNF208 expression was negatively correlated with the immune infiltration level of 22 species of immune infiltrating cells and immune checkpoints including PD1, PDL2, TIM3, and CTLA4. GSEA showed that 20 biological pathways were discriminatively enriched in the RNF208 low expression level. Conclusions: Our findings revealed that RNF208 would be regarded as a promising prognostic biomarker in LGGs.
Evaluation of Annexins Family as Potential Biomarker for Predicting Progression and Prognosis in Clear Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Jiyu , Chang Luchen , Tu Jianping , Sun Bei , Wei Xi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Annexins family (ANXAs), as a Ca2+-dependent, phospholipid-binding protein super family, participated in a wide variety of biological activities and has been reported to be dysregulated in numerous types of human cancers. Evidence from cell lines and human tissues indicates that ANAXs are involved in kidney clear renal cell carcinoma (KIRC) tumorigenesis. However, their prognostic value and expression pattern associated with KIRC remain to be elucidated. Methods: We visited public databases including ONCOMINE, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), Kaplan-Meier plotter, cBioportal and GeneMANIA to conduct comprehensive bioinformatics analysis, and tried to detect basic relationships between each Annexins family member and KIRC. Results: In the present study, we found that the expression level of ANXA1/2/4/5/6/7/8/13 in clear renal cell carcinoma tissue was higher than that in kidney tissue, while the expression level of ANXA3/9/11 in the former was lower than that in the latter. The expression level of ANXA7/8/13 is related to the stage of the tumor. Survival analysis using the Kaplan-Meier plotter database showed that the high transcription level of ANXA2/5/8/10 is related to the low overall survival rate (OS) in predicting KIRC patients. In contrast, high ANXA3/4/7/9/11/13 levels are associated with high OS in these patients.Conclusions: Our study implies that ANXA4/8/13 are potential targets of precision therapy for patients with KIRC and that ANXA2/5/8/10 are new biomarkers for the prognosis of KIRC.