bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subarctic catchment water storage and carbon cycling – Leading the way for future studies using integrated datasets at Pallas, Finland
Authors: Marttila Hannu , Lohila Annalea , Ala‐Aho Pertti , Noor Kashif , Welker Jeffrey M. , Croghan Danny , Mustonen Kaisa , Meriö Leo‐Juhani , Autio Anna , Muhic Filip , Bailey Hannah , Aurela Mika , Vuorenmaa Jussi , Penttilä Timo , Hyöky Valtteri , Klein Eric , Kuzmin Anton , Korpelainen Pasi , Kumpula Timo , Rauhala Anssi , Kløve Bjørn 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSubarctic ecohydrological processes are changing rapidly, but detailed and integrated ecohydrological investigations are not as widespread as necessary. We introduce an integrated research catchment site (Pallas) for atmosphere, ecosystems, and ecohydrology studies in subarctic conditions in Finland that can be used for a new set of comparative catchment investigations. The Pallas site provides unique observational data and high‐intensity field measurement datasets over long periods. The infrastructure for atmosphere‐ to landscape‐scale research in ecosystem processes in a subarctic landscape has recently been complemented with detailed ecohydrological measurements. We identify three dominant processes in subarctic ecohydrology: (a) strong seasonality drives ecohydrological regimes, (b) limited dynamic storage causes rapid stream response to water inputs (snowmelt and intensive storms), and (c) hydrological state of the system regulates catchment‐scale dissolved carbon dynamics and greenhouse (GHG) fluxes. Surface water and groundwater interactions play an important role in regulating catchment‐scale carbon balances and ecosystem respiration within subarctic peatlands, particularly their spatial variability in the landscape. Based on our observations from Pallas, we highlight key research gaps in subarctic ecohydrology and propose several ways forward. We also demonstrate that the Pallas catchment meets the need for sustaining and pushing the boundaries of critical long‐term integrated ecohydrological research in high‐latitude environments.
Genetic‐based adaptive momentum estimation for predicting mortality risk factors for COVID‐19 patients using deep learning
Authors: Elghamrawy Sally M. , Hassanien Aboul Ella , Vasilakos Athanasios V. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe mortality risk factors for coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) must be early predicted, especially for severe cases, to provide intensive care before they develop to critically ill immediately. This paper aims to develop an optimized convolution neural network (CNN) for predicting mortality risk factors for COVID‐19 patients. The proposed model supports two types of input data clinical variables and the computed tomography (CT) scans. The features are extracted from the optimized CNN phase and then applied to the classification phase. The CNN model's hyperparameters were optimized using a proposed genetic‐based adaptive momentum estimation (GB‐ADAM) algorithm. The GB‐ADAM algorithm employs the genetic algorithm (GA) to optimize Adam optimizer's configuration parameters, consequently improving the classification accuracy. The model is validated using three recent cohorts from New York, Mexico, and Wuhan, consisting of 3055, 7497,504 patients, respectively. The results indicated that the most significant mortality risk factors are: CD T Lymphocyte (Count), D‐dimer greater than 1 Ug/ml, high values of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C‐reactive protein (CRP), hypertension, and diabetes. Early identification of these factors would help the clinicians in providing immediate care. The results also show that the most frequent COVID‐19 signs in CT scans included ground‐glass opacity (GGO), followed by crazy‐paving pattern, consolidations, and the number of lobes. Moreover, the experimental results show encouraging performance for the proposed model compared with different predicting models.
Measuring the depth of reflection in reflective supervision/consultation sessions: Initial validation of the Reflective Interaction Observation Scale (RIOS)
Authors: Meuwissen Alyssa S. , Watson Christopher 
Published: August 2021

AbstractResearch on reflective supervision and reflective consultation (RS/C) is limited, and has primarily relied on self‐report measures and qualitative interviews. To our knowledge, no measures currently exist which provide a way to observationally measure what occurs during an RS/C session. Thus, the Reflective Interaction Observation Scale (RIOS) was created as a way to more objectively measure the quality of RS/C. This study sought to provide initial evidence around the reliability and validity of the RIOS through a sample of child welfare workers (N = 40) who participated in six online group reflective consultation sessions and completed self‐report surveys after their first and last session. The RIOS was used to code the first and last session each participant attended. Results showed that in this sample the RIOS Essential Elements had good variability and strong reliability. The data suggested that the five Elements could be condensed into three subscales, two of which showed significant change over time. The Self Openness subscale showed concurrent validity with existing self‐report measures of RS/C. Results suggest that the RIOS shows promise as a measure that could contribute to a more rigorous evidence base for the practice of RS/C.
On‐farm irrigation water management in India: Challenges and research gaps*
Authors: Gupta Ajita , Singh Ranjay kumar , Kumar Mukesh , Sawant Chetankumar Prakash , Gaikwad Bhaskar Bharat 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe growing demand for food to feed the increasing population of India has made it necessary to bring more land under cultivation with assured irrigation facilities. The irrigation sector demands a high amount of the available freshwater resources of the country. Thus, the efficiency of its use is of utmost importance for sustainable agriculture. India is the second‐largest irrigated country and is one of the leading countries in terms of the expansion of irrigated areas in the world. Researchers and various agencies are working towards increasing the irrigation efficiency of the system and the water productivity of the crops. The formulation of any irrigation scheme and policy to be sustainable should be based on scientific inputs and supported by pertinent research studies. The effective communication between policymakers and the research community is the main key to the success of such formulated schemes and policies. This paper provides an overview of current challenges and problems associated with irrigation at the field level vis‐à‐vis research gaps for scientific management of irrigation water in the farmer's field. The apathy of farmers for adopting modern irrigation practices has also been reasoned in this review paper. This review paper would provide an insight into common irrigation‐related problems of farmers to researchers and policymakers.
Determining optimal values of performance indicators in different scenarios of on‐farm water management*
Authors: Moghimi Mohammad Mehdi , Niknejad Fatemeh , Mahmoudi Mohammad Reza , Moghaddam Atefeh 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn order to save water in the agricultural sector, the efficient use of irrigation water should be considered seriously by using appropriate performance indicators. In this research, the impact of on‐farm water management factors (irrigation application efficiency [Ea] and water reduction fraction [WRF]) on the performance indicators net income (NI) and farm irrigation water productivity (WP) were assessed in different deficit irrigation scheduling scenarios (consists of deliberately applying irrigation depths smaller than those required), using response surface methodology. Pareto charts of the standardized effects showed that the factors of WRF and Ea were the most important predictors influencing NI and WP, respectively. Considering multiple response predictions for simultaneous optimization of NI and WP, the maximum optimal values of NI obtained were 62.1 million rials (WP = 1.12, WRF = 0.33), 113.2 (WP = 0.76, WRF = 0.02), 32.2 (WP = 0.8, WRF = 0.19), 65.5 (WP = 0.66, WRF = 0.17), and 84.0 (WP = 0.34, WRF = 0.48) for winter wheat, rapeseed, barley, maize, and cotton, respectively. These values were obtained in Ea = 90%, method 2 of deficit irrigation scheduling and sprinkler irrigation system. Using different deficit irrigation scheduling scenarios and irrigation systems resulted in on‐farm water management packages for different conditions of water availability.
Measuring real activity using a weekly economic index
Authors: Lewis Daniel J. , Mertens Karel , Stock James H. , Trivedi Mihir 
Published: August 2021

SummaryThis paper describes a weekly economic index (WEI) developed to track the rapid economic developments associated with the onset of and policy response to the novel coronavirus in the United States. The WEI is a weekly composite index of real economic activity, with eight of 10 series available the Thursday after the end of the reference week. In addition to being a weekly real activity index, the WEI has strong predictive power for output measures and provided an accurate nowcast of current‐quarter GDP growth in the first half of 2020, with weaker performance in the second half. We document how the WEI responded to key events and data releases during the first 10 months of the pandemic.
Single‐shot phase contrast microscopy using polarisation‐resolved differential phase contrast
Authors: Kalita Ranjan , Flanagan William , Lightley Jonathan , Kumar Sunil , Alexandrov Yuriy , Garcia Edwin , Hintze Mark , Barkoulas Michalis , Dunsby Chris , French Paul M. W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe present a robust, low‐cost single‐shot implementation of differential phase microscopy utilising a polarisation‐sensitive camera to simultaneously acquire four images from which phase contrast images can be calculated. This polarisation‐resolved differential phase contrast (pDPC) microscopy technique can be easily integrated with fluorescence microscopy.
Semiautomated quantification of the fibrous tissue response to complex three‐dimensional filamentous scaffolds using digital image analysis
Authors: Barsch Friedrich , Mamilos Andreas , Babel Maximilian , Wagner Willi L. , Winther Hinrich B. , Schmitt Volker H. , Hierlemann Helmut , Teufel Andreas , Brochhausen Christoph 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFibrosis represents a relevant response to the implantation of biomaterials, which occurs not only at the tissue–material interface (fibrotic encapsulation) but also within the void fraction of complex three‐dimensional (3D) biomaterial constructions (fibrotic ingrowth). Usual evaluation of the biocompatibility mostly depicts fibrosis at the interface of the biomaterial using semiquantitative scores. Here, the relations between encapsulation and infiltrating fibrotic growth are poorly represented. Virtual pathology and digital image analysis provide new strategies to assess fibrosis in a more differentiated way. In this study, we adopted a method previously used to quantify fibrosis in visceral organs to the quantification of fibrosis to 3D biomaterials. In a proof‐of‐concept study, we transferred the “Collagen Proportionate Area” (CPA) analysis from hepatology to the field of biomaterials. As one task of an experimental animal study, we used CPA analysis to quantify the fibrotic ingrowth into a filamentous scaffold after subcutaneous implantation. We were able to demonstrate that the application of the CPA analysis is well suited as an additional fibrosis evaluation strategy for new biomaterial constructions. The CPA method can contribute to a better understanding of the fibrotic interactions between 3D scaffolds and the host tissue responses.
Conductive and injectable hyaluronic acid/gelatin/gold nanorod hydrogels for enhanced surgical translation and bioprinting
Authors: Kiyotake Emi A. , Thomas Emily E. , Homburg Hannah B. , Milton Camille K. , Smitherman Adam D. , Donahue Nathan D. , Fung Kar‐Ming , Wilhelm Stefan , Martin Michael D. , Detamore Michael S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThere is growing evidence indicating the need to combine the rehabilitation and regenerative medicine fields to maximize functional recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI), but there are limited methods to synergistically combine the fields. Conductive biomaterials may enable synergistic combination of biomaterials with electric stimulation (ES), which may enable direct ES of neurons to enhance axon regeneration and reorganization for better functional recovery; however, there are three major challenges in developing conductive biomaterials: (1) low conductivity of conductive composites, (2) many conductive components are cytotoxic, and (3) many conductive biomaterials are pre‐formed scaffolds and are not injectable. Pre‐formed, noninjectable scaffolds may hinder clinical translation in a surgical context for the most common contusion‐type of SCI. Alternatively, an injectable biomaterial, inspired by lessons from bioinks in the bioprinting field, may be more translational for contusion SCIs. Therefore, in the current study, a conductive hydrogel was developed by incorporating high aspect ratio citrate‐gold nanorods (GNRs) into a hyaluronic acid and gelatin hydrogel. To fabricate nontoxic citrate‐GNRs, a robust synthesis for high aspect ratio GNRs was combined with an indirect ligand exchange to exchange a cytotoxic surfactant for nontoxic citrate. For enhanced surgical placement, the hydrogel precursor solution (i.e., before crosslinking) was paste‐like, injectable/bioprintable, and fast‐crosslinking (i.e., 4 min). Finally, the crosslinked hydrogel supported the adhesion/viability of seeded rat neural stem cells in vitro. The current study developed and characterized a GNR conductive hydrogel/bioink that provided a refinable and translational platform for future synergistic combination with ES to improve functional recovery after SCI.
Exosomes derived from ADSCs containing miR‐378 promotes wound healing by targeting caspase‐3
Authors: Zheng Tianfeng , Shao Wenjun , Tian Jun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPathological scars and chronic wounds caused by injury, aging, or surgery have always been important public health problems, and there is an urgent need to study the driving forces to find more effective treatments. In this study, we extracted and identified ADSCs exosomes and found that they have the ability to protect HaCat cells from oxidative damage, including promoting proliferation and migration and reducing apoptosis. Further studies determined that the expression of miR‐378 was significantly enriched in exosomes. Studies have found that miR‐378 mimic can produce protection similar to ADSCs‐exo. However, when miR‐378 inhibitors are used on ADSCs, the damage protection of the secreted exosomes disappears. This proves that miR‐378 enriched in exosomes can improve HaCat's oxidative stress damage. Luciferase experiments show that this effect is achieved by targeting caspase‐3. These results indicate that ADSCs play a protective role in wound healing by secreting miR‐378‐rich exosomes.
Activation of PI3K/PKB/GSK‐3β signaling by sciadopitysin protects cardiomyocytes against high glucose‐induced oxidative stress and apoptosis
Authors: Zhang Chujie , Yu Huimei , Yang Han , Liu Ben 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDiabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), a diabetes complication, accounts for diabetes‐associated morbidity, mortality, and heart failure. Biflavonoids have been demonstrated to possess extensive pharmacological properties, such as antidiabetic and antioxidant activities. Our study aimed to explore the effects of sciadopitysin, a type of biflavonoid, on DCM and the mechanism involved. An experimental cell model was established in AC16 cardiomyocytes by exposure to high glucose (HG). Cell injury was estimated by detecting cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Oxidative stress was determined by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) level and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), and catalase (CAT). Apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry analysis, caspase‐3/7 activity assay, and Western blot analysis of cytochrome C (Cyt C) expression. Alternation of the phosphatidylinositol‐3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB)/glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK‐3β) pathway was detected by Western blot. Results showed that HG exposure reduced viability and increased LDH release in AC16 cells, which was abolished by sciadopitysin treatment. Sciadopitysin inhibited HG‐induced oxidative stress, as evidenced by the reduced MDA content, and the increased activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH‐Px. Sciadopitysin suppressed HG‐induced apoptosis, an increase of caspase‐3/7 activity, and Cyt C expression in AC16 cells. Mechanistically, sciadopitysin activated the PI3K/PKB/GSK‐3β pathway under HG stimulation in AC16 cells. Inhibition of PI3K/PKB/GSK‐3β pathway by LY294002 blocked the effects of sciadopitysin on HG‐induced injury, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in AC16 cells. Summarily, sciadopitysin alleviated HG‐caused oxidative stress and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes by activating the PI3K/PKB/GSK‐3β pathway.
Distribution and reference interval establishment of neutral‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio (LMR), and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in Chinese healthy adults
Authors: Wang Junjun , Zhang Fan , Jiang Feng , Hu Lijuan , Chen Jian , Wang Yumin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundNeutral‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio (LMR), and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and many diseases, but there are few data about the reference interval (RI) of NLR, LMR, and PLR.MethodsThe neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, monocyte count, and platelet count of 404,272 Chinese healthy adults (>18 years old) were measured by Sysmex XE‐2100 automatic hematology analyzer, and NLR, LMR, and PLR were calculated. According to CLSI C28‐A3, the nonparametric 95% percentile interval is defined as the reference interval.ResultsThe results of Mann‐Whitney U test showed that NLR (p < .001) in male was significantly higher than that in female; LMR (p < .001) and PLR (p < .001) in male were significantly lower than that in female. Kruskal‐Wallis H test showed that there were significant differences in NLR, LMR, and PLR among different genders and age groups (p < .001). The linear graph showed that the reference upper limit of NLR and PLR increased with age and the reference upper limit of LMR decreases with age in male population. In female population, the reference upper limit of NLR in 50–59 group, LMR in >80 group, and PLR in 70–79 group appeared a trough; the reference upper limit of NLR in >80 group, LMR in 50–59 group, and PLR in 40–49 group appeared peak.ConclusionThe establishment of RI for NLR, LMR, and PLR in Chinese healthy adults according to gender and age will promote the standardization of clinical application.
Preparation of recyclable materials for removing heavy metal ions in aqueous solution and wastewater applications
Authors: Liang Shuaiyu , Li Yingli , Qu Guangfei , Yang Congqing , Yang Can , Zhou Junhong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDTwo functionalized nano‐adsorbents were prepared by modifying carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide with active carboxyl groups, and used to remove Pb(II) heavy metal ions in aqueous solutions. The adsorbent combines the advantages of the active groups that can easily capture heavy metal ions and the high specific surface area of nanomaterials, has high adsorption capacity and affinity and is easily separated from the sample solution by centrifugation.RESULTSBoth scanning and transmission electron microscopy images show that the walls of the carbon tubes are oxidized and the ports at both ends are also opened, and the graphene oxide surface has more folds, producing more active groups such as carboxyl and hydroxyl groups, which provide suitable active sites for the attachment of heavy metals. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that characteristic peak of lead appears in the energy spectrum after adsorption. Raman and infrared spectra show that the surface defects of the two materials have increased. The adsorption capacity calculated using the Langmuir equation was 118.82 and 178.23 mg g−1 at pH = 5, and equilibrium adsorption capacity was reached at 120 min. The adsorption capacity of the materials for Pb2+ reaches the equilibrium concentration value when the concentration is 50 mg L−1. Wastewater experiments were carried out to prove that the materials can meet the relevant national standards for lead ions in actual wastewater.CONCLUSIONSThe adsorption results for the two materials demonstrated that the materials prepared in the optimum conditions exhibited strong adsorption ability and high stability and with promise for practical applications. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
In‐vivo toxicity and therapeutic efficacy of Paeonia emodi‐mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles: In‐vitro study
Authors: Shah Amreen , Tauseef Isfahan , Yameen Muhammad Arfat , Haleem Syed Kashif , Haq Sirajul , Shoukat Sabeena 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study was planned to explore the in‐vitro and in‐vivo therapeutic significance of Paeonia emodi‐mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) against the Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The texture parameters were derived from nitrogen adsorption–desorption data using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) methods, and the surface area (SBET) was found to be 214 m2/g with a pore size of 2.3 nm. The crystallographic parameters were investigated through X‐ray diffraction analysis, and the calculated crystallite size is 29.13 nm. The microstructure was examined through transmission and scanning electron microscopies (TEM and SEM, respectively), and the average particle size estimated from a TEM image is 44.40 nm. The chemical composition and attached function groups were identified through energy‐dispersive X‐ray and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies. The in‐vitro minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for both bacterial species results was found less than 2 μg/ml. The tolerance limit of mouse models was evaluated by the inoculation of different concentrations of ZnO suspension where the concentration above 23 ppm was proved lethal. The maximum infection was caused in mouse models by inoculation of 3 × 107 CFUs (Colony forming unit) of the both bacterial species. The concentration higher than 3 × 107 CFUs led to the ultimate death of the mice. The histopathological and hematological studies reveal that the after simultaneous inoculation of both ZnO NPs and bacterial suspensions (tolerated amount), no/negligible infection was found in the mice model.