bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐order preconditioning of the Stokes equations
Authors: Voronin Alexey , He Yunhui , MacLachlan Scott , Olson Luke N. , Tuminaro Raymond 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA well‐known strategy for building effective preconditioners for higher‐order discretizations of some PDEs, such as Poisson's equation, is to leverage effective preconditioners for their low‐order analogs. In this work, we show that high‐quality preconditioners can also be derived for the Taylor–Hood discretization of the Stokes equations in much the same manner. In particular, we investigate the use of geometric multigrid based on the discretization of the Stokes operator as a preconditioner for the discretization of the Stokes system. We utilize local Fourier analysis to optimize the damping parameters for Vanka and Braess–Sarazin relaxation schemes and to achieve robust convergence. These results are then verified and compared against the measured multigrid performance. While geometric multigrid can be applied directly to the system, our ultimate motivation is to apply algebraic multigrid within solvers for systems via the discretization, which will be considered in a companion paper.
Estradiol promotes cell survival and induces Greb1 expression in granulosa cell tumors of the ovary through an ERα‐dependent mechanism
Authors: Cluzet Victoria , Devillers Marie M , Petit Florence , Pierre Alice , Giton Frank , Airaud Eloïse , L'Hôte David , Leary Alexandra , Genestie Catherine , Treilleux Isabelle , Mayeur Anne , Katzenellenbogen John A , Kim Sung Hoon , Cohen‐Tannoudji Joëlle , Chauvin Stéphanie , Guigon Céline J 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGranulosa cell tumor (GCT) is a form of ovarian tumor characterized by its tendency to recur years after surgical ablation. Little is known about the mechanisms involved in GCT development and progression. GCTs can produce estradiol (E2), but whether this hormone could play a role in this cancer through its nuclear receptors, i.e. ERα and ERβ, remains unknown. Here, we addressed this issue by cell‐based and molecular studies on human GCTs and GCT cell lines. Importantly, we observed that E2 significantly increased the growth of GCT cells by promoting cell survival. The use of selective agonists of each type of receptor, together with Esr1 (ERα) or Esr2 (ERβ)‐deleted GCT cells, revealed that E2 mediated its effects through ERα‐dependent genomic mechanisms and ERβ/ERα‐dependent extra‐nuclear mechanisms. Notably, the expression of Greb1, a prototypical ER target gene, was dose‐dependently upregulated by E2 specifically through ERα in GCT cells. Accordingly, using GCTs from patients, we found that GREB1 mRNA abundance was positively correlated to intra‐tumoral E2 concentrations. Tissue microarray analyses showed that there were various combinations of ER expression in primary and recurrent GCTs, and that ERα expression persisted only in combination with ERβ in ~40% of recurrent tumors. Altogether, this study demonstrates that E2 can promote the progression of GCTs, with a clear dependence on ERα. In addition to demonstrating that GCTs can be classified as a hormone‐related cancer, our results also highlight that the nature of ER forms present in recurrent GCTs could underlie the variable efficiency of endocrine therapies. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of neonatal survival according to lung‐to‐head ratio in fetuses with right congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH): A multicentre study from the Latin American CDH Study Group registry
Authors: Cruz‐Martínez Rogelio , Molina‐Giraldo Saulo , Etchegaray Adolfo , Ventura Walter , Pavón‐Gómez Néstor , Gil‐Guevara Enrique , Villalobos‐Gómez Rosa , Luna‐García Jonahtan , Gámez‐Varela Alma , Martínez‐Rodríguez Miguel , López‐Briones Hugo , Chávez‐González Eréndira ,   Latin American CDH Study Group
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate survival outcomes of fetuses with right sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) treated in Latin American centres and to assess the utility of left lung area to predict neonatal survival.MethodsA retrospective cohort including isolated right sided CDH cases managed expectantly during pregnancy in six tertiary centers from five Latin American countries. The utility of the observed/expected lung‐to‐head ratio (O/E‐LHR) in predicting neonatal survival was assessed, and the best cut‐off to predict prognosis was automatically selected by decision tree analysis.ResultsA total of 99 right sided CDH cases were recruited, 58 isolated fetuses were selected at a median gestational age of 26.2 weeks, showing an overall survival rate of 26.2%. A linear trend was observed between survival and the O/E‐LHR, showing that at higher O/E‐LHR, the greater probability of survival (r = 0.56, p < 0.001). O/E‐LHR discriminates two groups with different survival outcomes: fetuses with an O/E‐LHR ≥65% showed a significantly higher survival rate than those with an O/E‐LHR <65% (81.8% vs. 15.6%, p < 0.01).ConclusionsOverall survival rate in right sided CDH is lower in Latin American countries. The severity category of pulmonary hypoplasia should be classified according to lung area and the survival rate in such population.
Examining the sustainable development approach of migrants' remittances and financial development in sub‐Saharan African countries
Authors: Kacou Kacou Yves Thierry , Kassouri Yacouba , Alola Andrew Adewale , Altuntaş Mehmet 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn achieving a desirable sustainable economic growth in developing countries, the role of financial development and international migrant remittances cannot be underplayed. This study attempts to investigate the dynamic interactions between the migrant remittances and the financial sector development from a multidimensional perspective in 22 sub‐Sahara African countries using a panel vector autoregression model over the period 2004–2017. Specifically, the study focuses on the multidimensions of financial development including financial depth, financial access, and financial efficiency in financial institutions (FI) and their relationship with the remittances. The findings suggest that: First, the migrant's remittances are detrimental for the overall FI while the FI are found to positively influence the remittances inflows. Second, the relationship between the remittances and the FI varies with the dimensions of FI. There is a positive dynamic interaction between the remittances, the financial efficiency, and financial access, except for the financial depth. The analysis in this investigation offers relevant policy directives especially on the role of remittances in building stable FI of the sub‐Saharan African economies and other developing states.
High Inhibition of Bentonite Hydration by Use of a Homopolymer Containing Synergistic Bi‐Functional Groups
Authors: Wang Hao , Gao Yihang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMost current inhibitors control bentonite hydration at the partial phase by the single adsorption mode. To improve inhibition and action range, we synthesized a novel homopolymer inhibitor (PIM‐NH2) containing bi‐functional groups. Comprehensive experiments investigated the inhibition of PIM‐NH2and other inhibitors. In immersion and linear expansion experiments, the hydration swelling of bentonite cake was incredibly restrained in 0.75 % PIM‐NH2solution. The greater contact angle between 0.75 % PIM‐NH2solution and bentonite cake indicated the retardation of water invasion. According to XRD analysis, the intercalation of 0.75 % PIM‐NH2reduced the bentonite lattice spacing from 1.91 nm to 1.27 nm with water discharge. All results suggested PIM‐NH2had an outstanding performance at the lower concentration, and its inhibition covered the whole hydration process. Mechanism investigation revealed two synergistic adsorptions (hydrogen bond and electrostatic attraction) of bi‐functional groups exerted simultaneously to improve each other. In FT‐IR spectra, the hydrogen bond was confirmed by the special frequency movement from 1550 cm−1to 1641 cm−1.The electrostatic attraction decreased the ζ potential absolute value from 29.55–33.20 mV to around 4 mV. In ESEM analysis, the bentonite treated by 0.75 % PIM‐NH2showed larger aggregates and rough surfaces, demonstrating dehydration properties.
Nano SiO2 Catalyzed Chemo‐Selective Synthesis of N′‐Benzylidene‐2‐cyano‐2‐(10‐oxophenanthren‐9(10H)‐ylidene) or (2‐Oxoindolin‐3‐ylidene)acetohydrazide Derivatives
Authors: Hosseini Hajar , Bayat Mohammad 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTwo new categories of Michael acceptors: N′‐benzylidene‐2‐cyano‐2‐oxophenanthren acetohydrazides and N′‐benzylidene‐2‐cyano‐2‐oxoindolin acetohydrazides, have been successfully synthesized via a one‐pot three‐component reaction using cyanoacetohydrazide, aromatic aldehydes and 9,10‐phenanthroquinone or isatin in a mixture of water and ethanol in the presence of nano sized SiO2 as a heterogeneous catalyst at reflux conditions. The new efficient approach involves two chemo‐selective sequences of hydrazone formation and Knoevenagel condensation. The benefits of this process include availability of starting compounds, simplicity of operation and work‐up procedure, good to excellent yields, the use of green solvents and high chemo‐selectivity of products.
Synthesis of Pyrazoles through [3+2] Cyclization of Nitrile Imines with Cinnamaldehydes Followed by Air Oxidation
Authors: Gao Limei , Shi Ruijie , Tian Yuting , Luo Xi , Zheng Yongsheng , Wang Qiang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAn unprecedented [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of in situ generated nitrile imines with cinnamyl aldehydes followed by air oxidation has been successfully developed under mild conditions, providing an efficient approach to multisubstituted pyrazoles (up to 88 % yield). Preliminary mechanistic investigation implies that the final product is generated through oxidation in the presence of air. The prominent features of this reaction include mild conditions, simple operation and gram‐scale synthesis.
Organophosphoric Acid Promoted Transamidation: Using N,N‐Dimethylformamide and N,N‐Dimethylacetamide as the Acyl Sources
Authors: Jiang Jian , Li Linlin , Zhang Ling , Chen Qian , Sun Hao , Liao Shanggao , Li Chun , Zhang Lin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA new and efficient protocol for the transamidation promoted by organophosphoric acid has been reported. The protocol was applied for the N‐formylation of amines including aromatic, aliphatic and heterocyclic amines, affording moderate to excellent yields (54‐98 %) via the transamidation of N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF). Similarly, the protocol was used for the N‐acylation of a range of amines, moderate yields via transamidation of N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMA) were obtained. Moreover, the protocol could be easily performed on a multigram scale.
Redirecting Chemotherapeutics to the Endoplasmic Reticulum Increases Tumor Immunogenicity and Potentiates Anti‐PD‐L1 Therapy
Authors: Xiang Yucheng , Chen Liqiang , Liu Chendong , Yi Xiaoli , Li Lian , Huang Yuan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in cancer cells has been considered as a pharmacological target. Still, the effects of a ER‐targeted system remain less investigated, due to the fact that most chemo‐drugs take actions in the nucleus. Here, it is demonstrated that ER‐targeted delivery of doxorubicin (DOX), a typically nucleus‐tropic‐and‐acting agent, attenuates its original effect on cytotoxicity while generating new functions favorable for immune activation. First, a library of DOX derivatives with variable ER‐targeting abilities is synthesized. The results reveal that higher ER‐targeting efficiency correlates with greater ER stress. As compared with naïve drug, ER‐targeted DOX considerably alters the mode of action from nuclear DNA damage‐associated cytotoxicity to ER stress‐mediated calreticulin exposure. Consequently, ER‐targeted DOX decreases cytotoxicity but increases the capability to induce immunogenic cell death (ICD). Therefore, a platform combining naïve and ER‐targeted DOX is constructed for in vivo application. Conventional polymer‐DOX conjugate inhibits tumor growth by exerting a direct killing effect, and ER‐targeted polymer‐DOX conjugate suppresses residual tumors by eliciting ICD‐associated immunity, together resulting in considerable tumor regression. In addition, simultaneous inhibition of adaptive PD‐L1 enrichment (due to negative‐feedback to ICD induction) further leads to greater therapeutic outcome. Collectively, ER‐targeted therapy can enhance anticancer efficacy by promoting ICD‐associated immunotherapy, and potentiating chemotherapy and checkpoint blockade therapy.
Cochineal Dye Concentration and Treatment Time for Otolith Marking of Japanese Smelt Hypomesus nipponensis Embryos
Authors: Miyamoto Kouta , Hoshikawa Hiroki , Nagura Jun , Sawamoto Yoshihiro , Đorđević Miloš , Ohta Kengo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe main purpose of this study was to find the optimal cochineal dye concentration and treatment time for marking Japanese smelt (also known as Wakasagi) Hypomesus nipponensis, more specifically their eggs, by understanding the mechanisms that determine survival rates and mark quality. Eggs were immersed in a range of cochineal dye concentrations (40–100 g/L) at varying intervals (6–72 h). Following that, mark quality was evaluated according to fluorescence intensity by examining the marked otolith of the larvae. The statistical model selection indicated that the interaction between the cochineal dye concentrations and immersion intervals (g/L × h) had a negative effect on survival such that at low concentrations survival decreased with increasing immersion time but at high concentrations survival was relatively low at all of the immersion times. On the other hand, the results of evaluating the marked otoliths indicated that mark quality improved with increases in concentration and immersion time individually. These results suggest that there is a trade‐off between mark quality and survival of Japanese smelt when using a cochineal dye solution. Combining the results of the survival rate and mark‐quality experiments, the cochineal dye marking conditions with both high survival rates and high fluorescence intensity are 60 g/L for 24 h, 40 g/L for 48 h, and 40 g/L for 36 h.
Genetic dissection of maize plant architecture using a novel nested association mapping population
Authors: Zhao Sheng , Li Xueying , Song Junfeng , Li Huimin , Zhao Xiaodi , Zhang Peng , Li Zhimin , Tian Zhiqiang , Lv Meng , Deng Ce , Ai Tangshun , Chen Gengshen , Zhang Hui , Hu Jianlin , Xu Zhijun , Chen Jiafa , Ding Junqiang , Song Weibin , Chang Yuxiao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe leaf angle (LA), plant height (PH), and ear height (EH) are key plant architectural traits influencing maize (Zea mays L.) yield. However, their genetic determinants have not yet been well‐characterized. Here, we developed a maize advanced backcross‐nested association mapping population in Henan Agricultural University (HNAU‐NAM1) comprised of 1,625 BC1F4/BC2F4 lines. These were obtained by crossing a diverse set of 12 representative inbred lines with the common GEMS41 line, which were then genotyped using the MaizeSNP9.4K array. Genetic diversity and phenotypic distribution analyses showed considerable levels of genetic variation. We obtained 18–88 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with LA, PH, and EH by using three complementary mapping methods, named as separate linkage mapping, joint linkage mapping, and genome‐wide association studies. Our analyses enabled the identification of ten QTL hot‐spot regions associated with the three traits, which were distributed on nine different chromosomes. We further selected 13 major QTLs that were simultaneously detected by three methods and deduced the candidate genes, of which eight were not reported before. The newly constructed HNAU‐NAM1 population in this study will further broaden our insights into understanding of genetic regulation of plant architecture, thus will help to improve maize yield and provide an invaluable resource for maize functional genomics and breeding research.
Bioremediation of trichloroethylene‐polluted groundwater using emulsified castor oil for slow carbon release and acidification control
Authors: Chen Wei‐Ting , Chen Ku‐Fan , Surmpalli Rao Y. , Zhang Tian C. , Ou Jiun‐Hau , Kao Chih‐Ming 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this study, the emulsified castor oil (ECO) substrate was developed for a long‐term supplement of biodegradable carbon with pH buffering capacity to anaerobically bioremediate trichloroethylene (TCE)‐polluted groundwater. The ECO was produced by mixing castor oil, surfactants (sapindales and soya lecithin [SL]), vitamin complex, and a citrate/sodium phosphate dibasic buffer system together for slow carbon release. Results of the emulsification experiments and microcosm tests indicate that ECO emulsion had uniform small droplets (diameter = 539 nm) with stable oil‐in‐water characteristics. ECO had a long‐lasting, dispersive, negative zeta potential (−13 mv), and biodegradable properties (viscosity = 357 cp). Approximately 97% of TCE could be removed with ECO supplement after a 95‐day operational period without the accumulation of TCE dechlorination byproducts (dichloroethylene and vinyl chloride). The buffer system could neutralize acidified groundwater, and citrate could be served as a primary substrate. ECO addition caused an abrupt TCE adsorption at the initial stage and the subsequent removal of adsorbed TCE. Results from the next generation sequences and real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) indicate that the increased microbial communities and TCE‐degrading bacterial consortia were observed after ECO addition. ECO could be used as a pH‐control and carbon substrate to enhance anaerobic TCE biodegradation effectively.Practitioner Points

Emulsified castor oil (ECO) contains castor oil, surfactants, and buffer for a slow carbon release and pH control.
ECO can be a long‐term carbon source for trichloroethylene (TCE) dechlorination without causing acidification.
TCE removal after ECO addition is due to adsorption and reductive dechlorination mechanisms.
Constructing and Complicating Physical Wholeness
Authors: Sweet Ryan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis chapter explores the construction of the concept of physical wholeness and the way in which fears of physical loss were perpetuated. The chapter addresses nineteenth-century contexts such as changing understandings of the human condition, new models of work, and changes in legislation. It considers these factors alongside analyses of literary texts that stimulated anxiety regarding the neurological impact of body loss, including Frederick Marryat’sJacob Faithful(1834) and Silas Weir Mitchell’s “The Case of George Dedlow” (1866). The chapter ends by investigating how the burgeoning prosthesis market reinforced preferences for physical normalcy in advertisements as it exploited them for capitalist ends.
“Losing a Leg to Gain a Wife”: Marriage, Gender, and the Prosthetic Body Part
Authors: Sweet Ryan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis chapter traces representations of male and female prosthesis users in the marriage plot, the nineteenth-century narrative form most heavily populated by users of prosthetic devices. Building on the work of scholars such as Martha Stoddard Holmes and Talia Schaffer, who expose the important roles that disabled characters perform in Victorian marriage plots, this chapter identifies the prosthesis-marriage plot as a related yet separately identifiable formulaic plot structure. As the chapter argues, when viewed collectively, and at times also individually, prosthesis-marriage plots present unstable affective and imaginative treatments of prosthesis users. These representations shed light on the complex ways in which discourses of gender, class, and ableism intersect and how, in particular instances, the bodily status quo is challenged, brought into question, or even outright rejected.
Entangled Bystanders: Multidimensional Trauma of Ethnic Cleansing and Mass Violence in Eastern Galicia
Authors: Wylegała Anna 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the multidimensional trauma of witnesses to mass ethnic violence. The author analyzes the personal experiences of civilians during World War II in Eastern Galicia (once a multi-ethnic borderland region: before 1939 in Poland, now in Ukraine). What makes Galicia an exceptional case study is the continuity of mass violence of different kinds and against different groups of the population: Soviet repression and mass killings, the Holocaust, ethnic cleansing of Poles committed by Ukrainian nationalists, and conflict between Soviet authorities and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army. Drawing on existing concepts from the field of bystanders’ studies, for example, Michael Rothberg’s implicated subject and Omer Bartov’s communal genocide, the author proposes to understand the trauma of Galician bystanders as a complex and multidimensional experience, psychological as well as collective and communal.
Deep Learning for the classification of quenched jets
Authors: Apolinário L. , Castro N. F. , Romão M. Crispim , Milhano J. G. , Pedro R. , Peres F. C. R. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
An important aspect of the study of Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) in ultrarelativistic collisions of heavy ions is the ability to identify, in experimental data, a subset of the jets that were strongly modified by the interaction with the QGP. In this work, we propose studying Deep Learning techniques for this purpose. Samples of Z+jet events were simulated in vacuum (pp collisions) and medium (PbPb collisions) and used to train Deep Neural Networks with the objective of discriminating between medium- and vacuum-like jets within the medium (PbPb) sample. Dedicated Convolutional Neural Networks, Dense Neural Networks and Recurrent Neural Networks were developed and trained, and their performance was studied. Our results show the potential of these techniques for the identification of jet quenching effects induced by the presence of the QGP.
Sprachtherapeutische Versorgung 4-jähriger Kinder in Hessen: ein Überblick
Authors: Zaretsky E. , van Minnen S. , Lange B. P. , Hey C. 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Eine verspätete Erkennung bzw. versäumte Intervention bei Sprachentwicklungsstörungen beeinträchtigen den schulischen und beruflichen Werdegang. Aufgrund ungünstiger soziodemografischer Bedingungen (mangelhafte Deutschkenntnisse der Eltern, niedriges familiäres Einkommen etc.) sowie medizinischer Auffälligkeiten sind zunehmend viele Kinder in ihrer Sprachentwicklung gefährdet.

Ziel der Arbeit
Im Rahmen einer hessischen Sprachstanderfassungsstudie wurde geprüft, inwiefern 4‑jährige Kinder mit (KMM) und ohne Migrationshintergrund (KOM) sprachtherapeutisch versorgt wurden, und wie diese Therapien motiviert waren.

Material und Methoden
Vierjährige Kindergartenkinder (n = 1384) wurden mit dem Sprachtest KiSS.2 untersucht. Beide Untergruppen (KMM und KOM) wurden hinsichtlich sprachbezogener Störungsbilder und sprachtherapeutischer Versorgung verglichen.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt nahmen 8 % aller Kinder an Sprachtherapien teil. KMM waren fast doppelt so häufig klinisch abklärungsbedürftig wie KOM (21 % vs. 11 %). Bei KOM wurden dagegen mehr sprachbezogene Störungsbilder (z. B. häufige Mittelohrentzündungen) bereits vor der Studienteilnahme diagnostiziert. Klinisch abklärungsbedürftige KOM befanden sich daher häufiger in einer Sprachtherapie als KMM (37 % vs. 23 %).

Diskussion
Es fanden sich Hinweise für Diskrepanzen zwischen Sprachtherapiebedarf und sprachtherapeutischer Versorgung von bestimmten Untergruppen der 4‑jährigen Kinder. Evidenzbasierte, flächendeckende Sprachstanderfassungsprogramme können dazu beitragen, dass bei der Einteilung der Kinder in sprachförder- und sprachtherapiebedürftige weniger falsch-positive bzw. -negative Ergebnisse erzielt werden.