bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New sonographic feature (C‐sign) to improve the prenatal accuracy of jejunal atresia
Authors: Chen Dan , Tam Kwong Ho , Xiao Yiwei , Geng Juan , Tan Yu , Zhu Xiaochun , Ge Wuping , Zhou Jialiang , Xiao Shangjie , Chen Jiaxin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo describe a new sonographic feature of the C‐sign for prenatal diagnosis of jejunal atresia and evaluate its role in prenatal jejunal atresia, particularly preceding bowel dilatation and polyhydramnios.MethodsThis was a retrospective study from a tertiary maternal hospital. Patients with prenatal sonographic examination and confirmed small bowel atresia postdelivery were included. All sonographic images were reviewed by two senior sonographers. Comparison of sonographic images between prenatal jejunal and ileal atresia using the C‐sign resembles the shape of the entire duodenum and other traditional sonographic features. The control group without bowel atresia was assessed for the presence of the C‐sign.ResultsThe C‐sign and combined bowel dilatation with polyhydramnios were more frequent in jejunal atresia than ileal atresia, but the C‐sign can be used to detect jejunal atresia earlier. The C‐sign can be more likely to diagnose jejunal atresia in persisting bowel dilatation and polyhydramnios. The C‐sign was not reported in any of the control fetuses.ConclusionThe C‐sign is a new sonographic feature that can be used to improve the prenatal accuracy and early detection of jejunal atresia. However, further prospective validation is needed.
Predictors of mortality in children admitted with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection to a tertiary care hospital in North India
Authors: Sharma Ankita G , Kumar Virendra , Sodani Ravitanaya , Sapre Anuja , Singh Preeti , Saha Abhijeet , Sharma Suvasini , Ray Sandip , Pemde Harish 
Published: September 2021

AimTo compare the demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiological parameters of patients with different clinical outcomes (death or discharge) and analyse them to find out the potential predictors for mortality in children hospitalised with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.MethodsRetrospective chart review of all patients less than 18 years of age with laboratory‐confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and requiring hospital admission between 16 April 2020 and 31 October 2020.ResultsOf 255 children with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, 100 patients (median age 62.5 months, 59% males, 70% with moderate to severe disease) were hospitalised, of whom 27 died (median age 72 months, 59% males and 30% severely underweight). The subgroup with comorbidities (n = 14) was older (median age 126 months) and had longer duration of stay (median 10 days). Fever and respiratory symptoms were comparable while gastrointestinal symptoms were more common among non‐survivors. Hypoxia at admission (odds ratio (OR) 5.48, P = 0.001), multiorgan dysfunction (OR 75.42, P = 0.001), presence of acute kidney injury (OR 11.66, P = 0.001), thrombocytopenia (OR 4.40, P = 0.003) and raised serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) (OR 4.69, P = 0.02) were independently associated with mortality. The median time from hospitalisation to death was 3 days. The deceased group had significantly higher median levels of inflammatory parameters and a higher incidence of complications (myocarditis, encephalitis, acute respiratory distress syndrome and shock).ConclusionsHypoxia at admission, involvement of three or more organ systems, presence of acute kidney injury, thrombocytopenia and raised serum C‐reactive protein were found to be independently associated with increased odds of in‐hospital mortality in children admitted with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
Localization of 5S rDNA analysis of homologous pairing in tetraploid hybrids of red crucian carp (♀) × common carp (♂)
Authors: Zhang Hui , Sun Yu , Zhu Shurun , He Wangchao , Zhou Luojing , Zhao Rurong , Luo Kaikun , Tang Chenchen , Zhang Chun , Liu Shaojun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInterspecies crossing and allopolyploidization increase the opportunity for generating new breeding resources for fish farming. Allotetraploid hybrid fish (4nAT) were created by crossing red crucian carp (RCC, Carassius auratus red var., ♀) with common carp (CC, Cyprinus carpio L., ♂). However, the genetic pattern of the heterogeneous genomes during gametogenesis in 4nAT is still unclear, which hinders the understanding of the mechanism of generation of new phenotypes during allopolyploidization in fish breeding. In the present study, fluorescence in situ hybridization of 5S rDNA was employed to track homologous pairing, and the characteristics of bivalents were observed using air‐drying preparation technology and electron microscopy. The results showed two strong signals of 5S rDNA localization from the RCC genome, paired in the pachytene stage and metaphase stage of meiosis I cells in 4nAT, suggesting pairing of homologous chromosomes in 4nAT occurred between identical chromosomes. Furthermore, all bivalent pairs possessed one monochiasmate and were neatly arranged in the equatorial plate during meiosis I, which ensured normal separation of homologous chromosomes in 4nAT. This study elucidated the genetic pattern of heterogeneous genomes in 4nAT, providing important evidence for the genetic stability of 4nAT. These findings are of great significance for aquatic breeding.
The experience of cognitive behavioural therapy in depressed adolescents who are fatigued
Authors: Herring Georgia Tanith , Loades Maria Elizabeth , Higson‐Sweeney Nina , Hards Emily , Reynolds Shirley , Midgley Nick 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveFatigue is a common and debilitating symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD). Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is a recommended psychological treatment for adolescents with moderate to severe depression. This study explored the experience of CBT in fatigued adolescents with MDD.DesignA qualitative study was conducted using existing data from the qualitative arm of a large randomized control trial, the IMPACT study.MethodsData were obtained from semi‐structured interviews conducted after therapy. Participants were 18 adolescents (aged 13–18 years) who reached the clinical threshold for fatigue on diagnostic assessment before starting treatment. The data were analysed using thematic framework analysis.ResultsThree themes and seven sub‐themes were developed. Adolescents appeared to find taking part in initial sessions, engaging in ongoing sessions and completing homework challenging. Perceiving the therapist as genuine seemed to provide a sense of safety which enabled adolescents to open up in sessions. When the therapist was not perceived as genuine, adolescents appeared to find CBT less helpful. The structure of CBT appeared to enable treatment goals to be set, and facilitated an increase in meaningful activity. Ensuring that tasks were perceived as manageable and goals as achievable seemed important for participation. Cognitive restructuring appeared useful, although some adolescents tended to engage in distraction from thoughts as an alternative strategy.ConclusionsThis study provides an initial insight into how fatigued adolescents with MDD experience CBT. Further research is required to establish whether the themes are pervasive and relatedly, how best to treat depression in fatigued adolescents receiving CBT.Practitioner points

Fatigued adolescents with depression found engaging in CBT sessions and therapeutic homework demanding.

Establishing a collaborative therapeutic relationship, where the therapist was perceived as genuine, appeared helpful for participation.

The structured approach to therapy, combined with flexibility, was experienced as helpful. Adolescents who perceived the pace of sessions to be manageable and therapeutic goals as achievable seemed to find CBT helpful overall.

These findings provide insight into how fatigued adolescents with depression experience CBT and highlight the importance of being aware of fatigue and adapting therapy accordingly.
Effects of a web‐based alcohol drinking prevention program linking school‐to‐home in elementary students
Authors: Kim Younkyoung , Lee Chong Mi , Kang Seo Young 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesWe investigated the effects of a web‐based alcohol drinking prevention program among early elementary school students in South Korea using the theory of planned behavior. This study utilized a combined family and school intervention approach.DesignThis was a quasi‐experimental study with a non‐equivalent control group.SampleA total of 251 third graders (experimental group: 170, control group: 81) from four public schools were included.MeasurementsA web‐based alcohol drinking prevention program was implemented in five weekly sessions. Students’ attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control (PBC), and intentions toward alcohol drinking prevention behavior were evaluated through pre‐ and post‐tests.ResultsThe average age of the participants was 9 years in both the experimental (82 male and 88 female students) and control (44 male and 37 female students) groups. A significant improvement in attitudes, PBC, and intentions toward alcohol drinking prevention behaviors was found in the experimental group.ConclusionsA web‐based alcohol drinking prevention program combining family and school interventions for lower elementary school students was effective at increasing intentions toward alcohol drinking prevention behavior. Alcohol drinking prevention programs should target lower elementary school students to effectively postpone the onset of alcohol drinking.
Constraints on tree seedling establishment after fires: passing the germination bottlenecks
Authors: Macedo M. A. , Pinhate S. B. , Bowen E. C. , Musso C. , Miranda H. S. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT

Persistence and colonization by tree species in an environment following a fire depends on the effects on seed germination and seedling development. We used seeds of Kielmeyera coriacea and Qualea parviflora as a model to test the effects of high temperatures on germination and initial development of tree seedlings.

We exposed the seeds to heat flow (70, 100, 130, 150 or 170 °C) for 2 or 5 min and compared the germination with that of unheated seeds (control). Seedlings were then harvested after 3, 7 or 15 days to evaluate aerial and root mass, root:shoot ratio, presence of cotyledon opening, true leaves, and secondary roots.

We found no effect on germination for seeds exposed to temperatures ≥150 °C. However, germination was significantly reduced for seeds exposed to 100 °C for both 2 and 5 min. The mass of 15‐day‐old K. coriacea seedlings was smaller when seeds were heated at 70 °C for 5 min or at temperatures higher or equal to 100 °C. Qualea parviflora seedlings did not show any difference in mass, but there were marginal differences in the presence of roots and the opening of cotyledons. Kielmeyera coriacea seedlings allocated biomass faster than Q. parviflora.

High temperatures affect both quantity and quality of germinable seeds, as well as biomass allocation during initial seedling development. These factors may explain the decrease in seedlings observed after fire, suggesting a bottleneck effect that influences population dynamics and species persistence in systems with frequent fires.
Bridging Agrarianism: The Potential of Value‐Added Craft Cider Production to Support Rural Livelihoods in the Pacific Northwest*
Authors: Weiler Anelyse M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAgainst the decades‐long trend of aging farmers and farmland consolidation in the United States and Canada, value‐added farm production has been pitched as a lifeline to provide viable rural livelihoods for younger generations. How do producers perceive the possibilities and limitations of value‐added craft production in supporting agrarian livelihoods? More broadly, how are contemporary structural constraints and cultural shifts shaping new agrarian strategies? This article draws on in‐depth interviews and ethnographic data with urban and farm‐based cidermakers in the Pacific Northwest (British Columbia, Washington State, and Oregon). I find that while craft cider has helped buffer some producers against the volatility of selling raw fruit to large commodity markets, the benefits of this niche market do not widely support continued primary production or farm succession. I underscore the emergence of a livelihood strategy I refer to as “bridging agrarianism” among young cidermakers who wish to maintain a connection to agriculture but are shifting away from full‐time farming due to lifestyle preferences and economic constraints. Bridging agrarianism is manifest in modest forms of on‐site production that carry great symbolic weight. This study provides insight into how current generations of agriculturalists are developing new strategic responses to the political‐economic challenges of farming.
Approximate maximum likelihood estimation for one‐dimensional diffusions observed on a fine grid
Authors: Lu Kevin W. , Paine Phillip J. , Preston Simon P. , Wood Andrew T. A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe consider a one‐dimensional stochastic differential equation that is observed on a fine grid of equally spaced time points. A novel approach for approximating the transition density of the stochastic differential equation is presented, which is based on an Itô‐Taylor expansion of the sample path, combined with an application of the so‐called ‐expansion. The resulting approximation is economical with respect to the number of terms needed to achieve a given level of accuracy in a high‐frequency sampling framework. This method of density approximation leads to a closed‐form approximate likelihood function from which an approximate maximum likelihood estimator may be calculated numerically. A detailed theoretical analysis of the proposed estimator is provided and it is shown that it compares favorably to the Gaussian likelihood‐based estimator and does an excellent job of approximating the exact, but usually intractable, maximum likelihood estimator. Numerical simulations indicate that the exact and our approximate maximum likelihood estimator tend to be close, and the latter performs very well relative to other approximate methods in the literature in terms of speed, accuracy, and ease of implementation.
On the sensitivity of trade costs to services trade restrictions†
Authors: Blank Sven , Egger Peter H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractServices constitute a significant part of GDP and overall trade in modern economies, but little is known about the magnitude of its obstacles. Great effort has been made to establish measures of services trade frictions on the part of the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the World Bank. A customary way of using these measures is to employ them in log‐linear regressions to gauge their effect on services trade flows. This may be problematic to the extent that these measures do not capture ad valorem (tariff type price increasing) trade costs. Hence, it is natural to believe that available services trade cost measures may have a nonlinear impact on services trade flows. The present paper documents that this is the case, using nonparametric estimates to quantify the direct impact of important trade cost measures captured by the Services Trade Restrictiveness Index of the OECD on cross‐border services transaction costs and trade.
Background and General Information
Authors: Becht Charles 
Published: September 2021

This book is based on the 2020 Edition of ASME B31.3, Process Piping [Code]. Because changes, some very significant, are made to the Code every edition, the reader should refer to the Code for any specific requirements. This book should be considered as providing background information and not specific current Code rules.
The equations in this book are numbered sequentially in each chapter. When equations from ASME B31.3 are reproduced herein the latter equation numbers are given as well.
Kinematic and Coordination Variability in Individuals With Acute and Chronic Patellofemoral Pain
Authors: Fox Aaron S. , Ferber Reed , Bonacci Jason 
Published: September 2021

Altered gait variability occurs in those with patellofemoral pain and may be relevant to pain progression. We examined gait kinematic and coordination variability between individuals with acute and chronic patellofemoral pain and healthy controls. Eighty-three patellofemoral pain runners (37 men and 46 women) and 142 healthy controls (52 men and 90 women) ran on a treadmill while 3-dimensional lower limb kinematic data were collected. Patellofemoral pain runners were split into acute (n = 22) and chronic (n = 61) subgroups based on pain duration (< and ≥3 mo, respectively). Approximate entropy assessed continuous hip, knee, and ankle kinematic variability. Vector coding calculated coordination variability for select joint couplings. Variability measures were compared between groups using 1-way analysis of variance and post hoc comparisons with Cohen d effect sizes. The chronic patellofemoral pain subgroup displayed higher frontal plane knee kinematic variability compared with controls (P = .0004, d = 0.550). No statistically significant effects for any coordination variability couplings were identified. Minimal differences in gait variability were detected between those with acute and chronic patellofemoral pain and healthy controls.
Triaxial Accelerometry-Based Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity in Older Adults Using Four Different Methods
Authors: Hall Anna , Hillebrant-Openshaw Madisen , Baca-Zeff Sierra , van Woerden Irene 
Published: September 2021

The amount of physical activity reported using accelerometry can vary depending on the method used. This study examined variability in four different methods of calculating moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among older adults, as well as lifestyle correlates of physical activity. The MVPA data were captured (n = 111; Mage = 70.3 years, SDage = 6.3) using waist-worn ActiGraph wGT3X-BT monitors and examined using 10-min bouted versus sporadic methods, and with cut points calibrated to older and younger adults. The sample, on average, did not meet national guidelines of 150 min/week of MVPA when using bouted methods, irrespective of cut point used. This was not the case for sporadic MVPA. More physical activity was reported for participants with two or more physical hobbies, but no association with social behavior was found. These results demonstrate the wide variability possible in reporting methods for accelerometry data and their relation to adherence rates for national health recommendations.
Shock-Wave Properties and Deformation-Induced Structure of Commercial-Purity Titanium
Authors: Pavlenko A. V. , Dobromyslov A. V. , Taluts N. I. , Malyugina S. N. , Mokrushin S. S. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The shock compressive wave profiles of commercial-purity titanium samples under different loading conditions have been measured. The spall strength of titanium as a function of the strain rate and temperature of deformation has been found. High-rate plastic deformation mechanisms have been studied. High-rate plastic deformation under the investigated loading conditions has been shown to occur by slip and twinning. The α → ω transformation has been established to begin at 12.2 GPa.
Inflammatory blood parameters as prognostic factors for surgical site infection after primary hip or knee arthroplasty: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Domecky Petr , Rejman Patkova Anna , Mala-Ladova Katerina , Maly Josef 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionSurgical site infection (SSI) is a potential complication of surgical procedure. SSI after implant surgery is a disaster both for patients and surgeons. Although predictive tools for SSI are available, none of them estimate early infection based on inflammatory blood parameters. The inflammatory process can be measured using several parameters including interleukin-6, C reactive protein, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, white cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate or procalcitonin. This systematic review aims to determine whether inflammatory blood parameters could be used as significant predictive factors for SSI after primary hip or knee arthroplasty.Methods and analysisA systematic review of randomised controlled trials, cross-sectional studies, case–control studies and cohort studies, published in English, will be searched in the following electronic bibliographic databases: MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Web of Science. Studies performed in adult patients of all ages who underwent knee or hip arthroplasty, studies containing data on the risk/prognostic factors for preknee or postknee or hip arthroplasty SSI and studies with a minimum follow-up of 30 days after surgery will be included. A standardised form will be used to extract data from the included studies comprising study characteristics, participant characteristics, details of the intervention, study methodology and outcomes. Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy tool, second version, and Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies checklist will be used to assess risk of bias. Heterogeneity will be assessed using Cochran χ² statistic and I2statistics where applicable. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidance will be used to report findings.Ethics and disseminationNo ethics approval is required. The findings will be disseminated at national and international scientific sessions, also to be published in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020147925.
Cohort profile: a national, community-based prospective cohort study of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic outcomes in the USA—the CHASING COVID Cohort study
Authors: Robertson McKaylee M , Kulkarni Sarah Gorrell , Rane Madhura , Kochhar Shivani , Berry Amanda , Chang Mindy , Mirzayi Chloe , You William , Maroko Andrew , Zimba Rebecca , Westmoreland Drew , Grov Christian , Parcesepe Angela Marie , Waldron Levi , Nash Denis 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThe Communities, Households and SARS-CoV-2 Epidemiology (CHASING) COVID Cohort Study is a community-based prospective cohort study launched during the upswing of the USA COVID-19 epidemic. The objectives of the cohort study are to: (1) estimate and evaluate determinants of the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, disease and deaths; (2) assess the impact of the pandemic on psychosocial and economic outcomes and (3) assess the uptake of pandemic mitigation strategies.ParticipantsWe began enrolling participants from 28 March 2020 using internet-based strategies. Adults≥18 years residing anywhere in the USA or US territories were eligible. 6740 people are enrolled in the cohort, including participants from all 50 US states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and Guam. Participants are contacted regularly to complete study assessments, including interviews and dried blood spot specimen collection for serologic testing.Findings to dateParticipants are geographically and sociodemographically diverse and include essential workers (19%). 84.2% remain engaged in cohort follow-up activities after enrolment. Data have been used to assess SARS-CoV-2 cumulative incidence, seroincidence and related risk factors at different phases of the US pandemic; the role of household crowding and the presence of children in the household as potential risk factors for severe COVID-19 early in the US pandemic; to describe the prevalence of anxiety symptoms and its relationship to COVID-19 outcomes and other potential stressors; to identify preferences for SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing when community transmission is on the rise via a discrete choice experiment and to assess vaccine hesitancy over time and its relationship to vaccine uptake.Future plansThe CHASING COVID Cohort Study has outlined a research agenda that involves ongoing monitoring of the incidence and determinants of SARS-CoV-2 outcomes, mental health outcomes and economic outcomes. Additional priorities include assessing the incidence, prevalence and correlates of long-haul COVID-19.