bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer: a multicenter propensity-matched study
Authors: Dell’Amore Andrea , Lomangino Ivan , Tamburini Nicola , Bongiolatti Stefano , Parri Nicola Sergio Forti , Grossi William , Catelli Chiara , Lorenzoni Giulia , Gregori Dario , Nicotra Samuele , Zuin Andrea , Morelli Angelo , Solli Piergiorgio , Voltolini Luca , Cavallesco Giorgio , Rea Federico 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
The role of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy remains controversial. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the reliability of video-assisted lobectomy compared to the open approach by evaluating perioperative and long-term outcomes.

Methods
In this retrospective, multicentric study from January 2010 to December 2018, we included all patients with non-small-cell lung cancer who underwent lobectomy through the video-assisted or open approach after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The perioperative outcomes, including data concerning the feasibility of the surgical procedure, the occurrence of any medical and surgical complications and long-term oncological evidence, were collected and compared between the two groups. To minimize selection bias, propensity score matching was performed.

Results
A total of 286 patients were enrolled: 193 underwent thoracotomy lobectomy, and 93 underwent VATS lobectomy. The statistical analysis showed that surgical time (P < 0.001), drainage time (P < 0.001), days of hospitalization (P < 0.001) and VAS at discharge (P = 0.042) were lower in the VATS group. The overall survival and disease-free survival were equivalent for the two techniques on long-term follow-up.

Conclusions
VATS lobectomy represents a valid therapeutic option in patients affected by non-small-cell lung cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The VATS approach in our experience seems to be superior in terms of the perioperative outcomes, while maintaining oncological efficacy.
Rehabilitation für Kinder und Jugendliche mit Diabetes in Österreich: Konzept der Arbeitsgruppe Pädiatrische Endokrinologie und Diabetologie Österreich/Österreichische Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde
Authors: Fröhlich-Reiterer Elke , Cavini Anna , Fischmeister Gustav , Prchla Christine , Tauschmann Martin , Berger Gabriele , Steichen Elisabeth , Steigleder-Schweiger Claudia , Kovacic Robert , Rami-Merhar Birgit , Hofer Sabine E. , Karall Daniela , Sperl Wolfgang , Kerbl Reinhold 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDiabetes ist eine der häufigsten chronischen Stoffwechselerkrankungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Die Zahl der Neuerkrankten hat in der letzten Dekade stark zugenommen.Typ-1-Diabetes ist mit > 90 % die häufigste Form des Diabetes im Kindes- und Jugendalter; deshalb bezieht sich das vorliegende Konzept auf Kinder und Jugendliche mit Typ-1-Diabetes. Seit 2016 gibt es in Österreich die ersten Rehabilitationszentren für Kinder und Jugendliche. Rehabilitation wird dann nötig, wenn sich Probleme mit dem Diabetes in der ambulanten Behandlung nicht lösen lassen oder auch wenn es wegen des Diabetes Schwierigkeiten mit Schule und Ausbildung gibt, und ist deshalb eine wichtiger Bestandteil in der Betreuung von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Typ-1-Diabetes.Das vorliegende Konzept wurde von Mitgliedern der Arbeitsgruppe Pädiatrische Endokrinologie und Diabetologie Österreich (APEDÖ) in Zusammenarbeit mit den Vorständen der Rehabilitationskliniken und der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde (ÖGKJ) erstellt.Das Konzept beinhaltet Indikationen und Kontraindikationen für eine Diabetes Rehabilitation, geht auf die Ziele der Rehabilitation in den verschiedenen Altersgruppen (Kleinkinder, Schulkinder und Jugendliche) ein und gibt auch einen Überblick über die empfohlenen Anforderungen für das multidisziplinäre Rehabilitationsteam vor Ort.Das Rehabilitationskonzept der APEDÖ/ÖGKJ dient als Basiskonzept, die Rehabilitationspläne bleiben in der Verantwortung des jeweiligen Zentrums und sollen durch Austausch im Rahmen regelmäßiger Treffen zu einer Optimierung und Angleichung der Konzepte führen.
Development and validation of the Climate Model Confidence Index (CMCI): measuring ability to reproduce historical climate conditions
Authors: Hewer Micah J. , Beech Nathan , Gough William A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study further develops and finally validates the Climate Model Confidence Index (CMCI) as a simple and effective metric for evaluating and ranking the ability of climate models to reproduce historical climate conditions. Modelled daily climate data outputs from two different statistical downscaling techniques (PCIC: Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium; SDSM: Statistical Down-Scaling Model) are compared with observational data recorded by Environment Canada weather stations located in Kelowna, BC (Canada), for the period from 1969 to 2005. Using daily data (N > 13,000), Student’s t-tests determined if there were statistically significant differences between the modelled and observed means while ANOVA F-tests identified differences between variances. Using aggregated annual data (N = 37), CMCI values were also calculated for the individual model runs from each statistical downscaling technique. Climate model outputs were ranked according to the absolute value of the t statistics. The 20 SDSM ensembles outperformed the 27 PCIC models for both minimum and maximum temperatures, while PCIC outperformed SDSM for total precipitation. Linear regression determined the correlation between the absolute value of the t statistics and the corresponding CMCI values (R2 > 0.99, P < 0.001). Rare discrepancies (< 10% of all model rankings) between the t statistic and CMCI rankings occurred at the third decimal place and resulted in a one rank difference between models. These discrepancies are attributed to the precision of the t tests which rely on daily data and consider observed as well as modelled variance, whereas the simplicity and utility of the CMCI are demonstrated by only requiring annual data and observed variance to calculate.
A temperature binning approach for multi-sector climate impact analysis
Authors: Sarofim Marcus C. , Martinich Jeremy , Neumann James E. , Willwerth Jacqueline , Kerrich Zoe , Kolian Michael , Fant Charles , Hartin Corinne 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCharacterizing the future risks of climate change is a key goal of climate impacts analysis. Temperature binning provides a framework for analyzing sector-specific impacts by degree of warming as an alternative or complement to traditional scenario-based approaches in order to improve communication of results, comparability between studies, and flexibility to facilitate scenario analysis. In this study, we estimate damages for nine climate impact sectors within the contiguous United States (US) using downscaled climate projections from six global climate models, at integer degrees of US national warming. Each sector is analyzed based on socioeconomic conditions for both the beginning and the end of the century. The potential for adaptive measures to decrease damages is also demonstrated for select sectors; differences in damages across adaptation response scenarios within some sectors can be as much as an order of magnitude. Estimated national damages from these sectors based on a reactive adaptation assumption and 2010 socioeconomic conditions range from $600 million annually per degree of national warming for winter recreation to $8 billion annually per degree of national warming for labor impacts. Results are also estimated per degree of global temperature change and for 2090 socioeconomic conditions.
A Laplacian approach to $$\ell _1$$-norm minimization
Authors: Bonifaci Vincenzo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe propose a novel differentiable reformulation of the linearly-constrained$$\ell _1$$ℓ1minimization problem, also known as the basis pursuit problem. The reformulation is inspired by the Laplacian paradigm of network theory and leads to a new family of gradient-based methods for the solution of$$\ell _1$$ℓ1minimization problems. We analyze the iteration complexity of a natural solution approach to the reformulation, based on a multiplicative weights update scheme, as well as the iteration complexity of an accelerated gradient scheme. The results can be seen as bounds on the complexity of iteratively reweighted least squares (IRLS) type methods of basis pursuit.
Unbalanced exchange flow and its implications for the night cooling of buildings by displacement ventilation
Authors: Wise Nick , Hunt Gary 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPassive ventilation of buildings at night forms an essential part of a low-energy cooling strategy, enabling excess heat that has accumulated during the day to self-purge and be replaced with cooler night air. Instrumental to the success of a purge are the locations and areas of ventilation openings, and openings positioned at low and at high levels are a common choice as there is then the expectation that a buoyancy-driven displacement flow will establish and persist. Desirable for their efficiency, displacement flows guide excess heat out through high-level openings and cooler air in through low-level openings. Herein we show that displacement flow cannot be maintained for the full duration of a purge. Instead, the flow must transition to an ‘unbalanced exchange flow’, whereby the cool inflow of air at low level is maintained but there is now a warm outflow and a cool inflow occurring simultaneously at the high-level opening. The internal redistribution of heat caused by this exchange alters the rate at which heat is self-purged and the time thought necessary to complete a purge. We develop a theoretical model that captures and predicts these behaviours. Our approach is distinct from all others which assume that a displacement flow will persist throughout the purge. Based on this enhanced understanding, and specifically that the transition to unbalanced exchange flow changes the rate of cooling and resultant emptying times, we anticipate that practitioners will be better placed to design passive systems that meet their target specifications for cooling.
A privacy and security analysis of early-deployed COVID-19 contact tracing Android apps
Authors: Hatamian Majid , Wairimu Samuel , Momen Nurul , Fritsch Lothar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAs this article is being drafted, the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic is causing harm and disruption across the world. Many countries aimed at supporting their contact tracers with the use of digital contact tracing apps in order to manage and control the spread of the virus. Their idea is the automatic registration of meetings between smartphone owners for the quicker processing of infection chains. To date, there are many contact tracing apps that have already been launched and used in 2020. There has been a lot of speculations about the privacy and security aspects of these apps and their potential violation of data protection principles. Therefore, the developers of these apps are constantly criticized because of undermining users’ privacy, neglecting essential privacy and security requirements, and developing apps under time pressure without considering privacy- and security-by-design. In this study, we analyze the privacy and security performance of 28 contact tracing apps available on Android platform from various perspectives, including their code’s privileges, promises made in their privacy policies, and static and dynamic performances. Our methodology is based on the collection of various types of data concerning these 28 apps, namely permission requests, privacy policy texts, run-time resource accesses, and existing security vulnerabilities. Based on the analysis of these data, we quantify and assess the impact of these apps on users’ privacy. We aimed at providing a quick and systematic inspection of the earliest contact tracing apps that have been deployed on multiple continents. Our findings have revealed that the developers of these apps need to take more cautionary steps to ensure code quality and to address security and privacy vulnerabilities. They should more consciously follow legal requirements with respect to apps’ permission declarations, privacy principles, and privacy policy contents.
A New Condition for Transitivity of Probabilistic Support
Authors: Atkinson David , Peijnenburg Jeanne 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAs is well known, implication is transitive but probabilistic support is not. Eells and Sober, followed by Shogenji, showed that screening off is a sufficient constraint for the transitivity of probabilistic support. Moreover, this screening off condition can be weakened without sacrificing transitivity, as was demonstrated by Suppes and later by Roche. In this paper we introduce an even weaker sufficient condition for the transitivity of probabilistic support, in fact one that can be made as weak as one wishes. We explain that this condition has an interesting property: it shows that transitivity is retained even though the Simpson paradox reigns. We further show that by adding a certain restriction the condition can be turned into one that is both sufficient and necessary for transitivity.
Cooperative Division of Cognitive Labour: The Social Epistemology of Photosynthesis Research
Authors: Nickelsen Kärin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHow do scientists generate knowledge in groups, and how have they done so in the past? How do epistemically motivated social interactions influence or even drive this process? These questions speak to core interests of both history and philosophy of science. Idealised models and formal arguments have been suggested to illuminate the social epistemology of science, but their conclusions are not directly applicable to scientific practice. This paper uses one of these models as a lens and historiographical tool in the examination of actual scientific collectives. It centres on the analysis of two episodes from the history of photosynthesis research of the late nineteenth- to mid-twentieth centuries, which display a wide and coordinated intellectual diversity similar to Kitcher’s “division of cognitive labour” (1990). The concept, I argue, captures important aspects of the photosynthesis research communities, but the underlying process unfolded in ways that differ from the model’s assumption in interesting ways. The paper unravels how the self-organised interplay of cooperation and competition, and the dynamics of individual and collective goals within scientific communities were influential factors in the generation of knowledge. From there, some thoughts are developed on how historical and philosophical approaches in the analysis of science can productively interact.
Entrepreneurial intention: An analysis of the role of Student-Led Entrepreneurial Organizations
Authors: Sansone Giuliano , Ughetto Elisa , Landoni Paolo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlthough a great deal of attention has been paid to entrepreneurship education, only a few studies have analysed the impact of extra-curricular entrepreneurial activities on students’ entrepreneurial intention. The aim of this study is to fill this gap by exploring the role played by Student-Led Entrepreneurial Organizations (SLEOs) in shaping the entrepreneurial intention of their members. The analysis is based on a survey that was conducted in 2016 by one of the largest SLEOs in the world: the Junior Enterprises Europe (JEE). The main result of the empirical analysis is that the more time students spent on JEE and the higher the number of events students attended, the greater their entrepreneurial intention was. It has been found that other important drivers also increase students’ entrepreneurial intention, that is, the Science and Technology field of study and the knowledge of more than two foreign languages. These results confirm that SLEOs are able to foster students’ entrepreneurial intention. The findings provide several theoretical, practical and public policy implications. SLEOs are encouraged to enhance their visibility and lobbying potential in order to be recognized more as drivers of student entrepreneurship. In addition, it is advisable for universities and policy makers to support SLEOs by fostering their interactions with other actors operating in the entrepreneurial ecosystem, who promote entrepreneurship and technology transfer activities. Lastly, this paper advises policy makers to assist SLEOs’ activities inside and outside the university context.
Changing climate requires shift from refugia to sanctuaries for floodplain forests
Authors: Fink Sabine , Scheidegger Christoph 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Context
Riparian areas are considered to undergo major alterations under changing climate, making floodplain habitats targets for conservation and landscape planning. Protected areas might provide sanctuaries especially for sessile riparian plant species, but these niches are not always persistent over time.

Objectives
We investigate if plant species of floodplain forests are provided with suitable habitat within currently protected areas and if these refugia persist. A coupled-modelling approach is used to gain spatially explicit information on new areas for sanctuaries.

Methods
We use species distribution models to predict the niche of 12 Salicion albae and 7 Fraxinion floodplain forest species along rivers in Switzerland, under current, moderate and extreme climate change scenarios up to 80 years to the future (2100). The spread of plant species from current habitat to suitable future habitat is simulated using dispersal vectors and life history traits.

Results
Salicion albae species are more flexible under both climate change scenarios than Fraxinion species. The main limitation for the spread of species is their dispersal ability, as only a minority of the suitable cells is colonized during the simulation process. The predicted future presence within currently protected areas decreases under both climate change scenarios in the model.

Conclusions
Current protected floodplains do not provide persistent refugia for the plants studied, but might still be of importance to other organisms. Planning of sanctuaries for riparian plant species and communities need to focus on connectivity along rivers to maintain viable source populations in dynamic riverine landscapes under changing climate.
Antisaccades in Parkinson’s Disease: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Waldthaler Josefine , Stock Lena , Student Justus , Sommerkorn Johanna , Dowiasch Stefan , Timmermann Lars 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe usefulness of eye-tracking tasks as potential biomarkers for motor or cognitive disease burden in Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been subject of debate for many years. Several studies suggest that the performance in the antisaccade task may be altered in patients with PD and associated with motor disease severity or executive dysfunction. In this meta-analysis, random effects models were used to synthesize the existing evidence on antisaccade error rates and latency in PD. Furthermore, meta-regressions were performed to assess the role of motor and cognitive disease severity, dopaminergic medication and methodological factors. Additionally, the impact of acute levodopa administration and activation of deep brain stimulation was evaluated in two separate sub-analyses.This meta-analysis confirms that antisaccade latency and error rate are significantly increased in PD. Disease duration, Unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale score and Hoehn and Yahr stage mediate the effect of PD on antisaccade latency with higher motor burden being associated with increased antisaccade latency.Acute administration of levodopa had no significant effects on antisaccade performance in a small number of eligible studies. Deep brain stimulation in the subthalamic nucleus, on the other hand, may alter the speed accuracy trade-off supporting an increase of impulsivity following deep brain stimulation in PD.According to the results of the meta-analysis, antisaccade latency may provide a potential marker for disease severity and progression in PD which needs further confirmation in longitudinal studies.
Shannon-limit approached information reconciliation for quantum key distribution
Authors: Tang Bang-Ying , Liu Bo , Yu Wan-Rong , Wu Chun-Qing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractInformation reconciliation (IR) corrects the errors in sifted keys and ensures the correctness of quantum key distribution (QKD) systems. Polar codes-based IR schemes can achieve high reconciliation efficiency; however, the incidental high frame error rate decreases the secure key rate of QKD systems. In this article, we propose a Shannon-limit approached (SLA) IR scheme, which mainly contains two phases: the forward reconciliation phase and the acknowledgment reconciliation phase. In the forward reconciliation phase, the sifted key is divided into sub-blocks and performed with the improved block checked successive cancellation list decoder of polar codes. Afterward, only the failure corrected sub-blocks perform the additional acknowledgment reconciliation phase, which decreases the frame error rate of the SLA IR scheme. The experimental results show that the overall failure probability of SLA IR scheme is decreased to $$10^{-8}$$

10

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and the efficiency is improved to 1.091 with the IR block length of 128 Mb. Furthermore, the efficiency of the proposed SLA IR scheme is 1.055, approached to Shannon limit, when the quantum bit error rate is 0.02 and the input scale of 1 Gb, which is hundred times larger than the state-of-the-art implemented polar codes-based IR schemes.
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) in Vascular Research: from Two- to Three-Dimensional Organoids
Authors: Trillhaase Anja , Maertens Marlon , Aherrahrou Zouhair , Erdmann Jeanette 
Published: March 2021

AbstractStem cell technology has been around for almost 30 years and in that time has grown into an enormous field. The stem cell technique progressed from the first successful isolation of mammalian embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in the 1990s, to the production of human induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in the early 2000s, to finally culminate in the differentiation of pluripotent cells into highly specialized cell types, such as neurons, endothelial cells (ECs), cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and lung and intestinal cells, in the last decades. In recent times, we have attained a new height in stem cell research whereby we can produce 3D organoids derived from stem cells that more accurately mimic the in vivo environment. This review summarizes the development of stem cell research in the context of vascular research ranging from differentiation techniques of ECs and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) to the generation of vascularized 3D organoids. Furthermore, the different techniques are critically reviewed, and future applications of current 3D models are reported.
Graphical abstract