bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteomic Profiling of Exosomes From Hemorrhagic Moyamoya Disease and Dysfunction of Mitochondria in Endothelial Cells
Authors: Wang Xia , Han Cong , Jia Yangjie , Wang Jiayu , Ge Wei , Duan Lian 
Published: August 2021

Background and Purpose:
Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare steno-occlusive and slowly progressing cerebrovascular disorder. The detailed mechanism of the underlying pathogenesis is still blurry.

Methods:
Tandem Mass Tag-labeled quantitative proteomics was performed on serum-derived exosomes (SDEs) extracted from adult patients diagnosed with pure ischemic MMD or hemorrhagic MMD and healthy controls. Then mouse brain vascular endothelial cell (EC), human umbilical vein EC, neuroblastoma cell, and human hepatocyte cell were treated with exosomes, and changes of the protein expression in mouse brain vascular EC cells were identified.

Results:
Proteomics analysis results showed that 859 shared proteins were detected in SDEs from ischemic and hemorrhagic MMD patients with 231 differently expressed compared with healthy controls. Bioinformatic analysis revealed dysregulated cell growth and maintenance and indicated disturbed actin dynamics in MMD, with CFL1 (Cofilin-1) and ACTR2/3 (actin-related protein 2/3; also known as ARP2/3) downregulated in ischemic and hemorrhagic patients’ SDEs. We also found immunity dysfunction in hemorrhagic MMD. Following treatment with MMD SDEs, mouse brain vascular EC cells showed significantly higher levels of proliferation and more ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine-positive cells compared with the healthy control group, while there were no obvious changes in the human umbilical vein EC and human hepatocyte cell. Interestingly, we also found that SDEs from ischemic MMD promoted neuroblastoma cell proliferation. Proteomic analysis of mouse brain vascular EC cells suggested that SDEs from hemorrhagic MMD patients induced dysfunction of the mitochondria in cerebrovascular ECs.

Conclusions:
This study highlighted potential molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of MMD patients, thereby providing new therapeutic strategies for MMD.
Text Mining Islamic Law
Authors: Lange Christian , Latif Maksim Abdul , Çelik Yusuf , Lyklema A. Melle , van Kuppevelt Dafne E. , van der Zwaan Janneke 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Digital humanities has a venerable pedigree, stretching back to the middle of the twentieth century, but despite noteworthy pioneering contributions it has not become a mainstream practice in Islamic Studies. This essay applies humanities computing to the study of Islamic law. We analyze a representative corpus of works of Islamic substantive law (furūʿ al-fiqh) from the beginnings of Islamic legal jurisprudence to the early modern period (2nd/8th-13th/19th c.) using several computational tools and methods: text-reuse network analysis based on plain-text annotations and html tags, clustered frequency-based analysis, word clouds, and topic modeling. Applying machine-guided distant reading to Islamic legal texts over the longue-dureé, we study (1) the role of the Qurʾān, (2) patterns of normative qualifications (aḥkām), and (3) the distribution of topics in our corpus. In certain instances the analysis confirms claims made in the scholarly literature on Islamic law, in other instances it corrects such claims.
Micrometeorological Aspects of Spraying within a Surface Inversion
Authors: Grace Warwick , Tepper Graeme 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPesticide applications during surface inversions can lead to spray drift causing severe damage up to several kilometers off-target. Current regulations in Australia prohibit spray application of certain agricultural chemicals when hazardous surface inversions exist. This severely limits spray opportunities. Surface inversions can be classified as weakly or strongly stable. In the weakly stable case, moderate to strong turbulent mixing is not supportive of long-distance concentrated drift. In the very stable case, weak turbulent mixing can support the transport of high concentrations of fine material over long distances. A review of the literature and our analyses indicate that if the turbulence, as measured by the standard deviation of the vertical wind speed σw, is greater than about 0.2 m s−1 then turbulence-driven mixing and dispersion is moderate to strong and conversely if σw is less than about 0.2 m s−1 then turbulence-driven mixing and dispersion is weaker (an order of magnitude). The concept of maximum downward heat flux as a natural division between the regimes is applied within Monin–Obukhov stability theory, and it is shown that the observed mean σw of 0.2 m s−1 aligns with the ridge line of maximum heat flux in stable conditions. The level of turbulence in the weakly stable regime is comparable to the turbulence typically observed in near-neutral conditions that are recommended under current guidelines as suitable for spraying and is therefore seen as an acceptable prerequisite to avoid nondispersive spraying conditions.
Mental health literacy among Arab university students in Israel: A qualitative study
Authors: Khatib Anwar , Abo-Rass Fareeda 
Published: August 2021

Background: There has been a noticeable increase in the number of studies concerned with mental health literacy (MHL), specifically among students. Still, very few studies have examined MHL among students of non-Western minority groups. Aims: This study examined MHL among Arab students in Israel based on Jorm’s conceptual framework. Methods: Twenty-eight Arab students in Israel took part in semi-structured, in-depth interviews. Most were single and Muslim, in their second year of studies, and most reported low socioeconomic status. The data were analyzed thematically, guided by the Jorm’s six MHL dimensions. Results: Different levels of literacy were found in the various MHL dimensions. The participants identified severe mental disorders more easily than mood disorders; reported a variety of possible causes of mental disorders; were well aware of available professional help (apart for rehabilitative services); identified significant barriers to mental health help seeking, as Arabs; and reported the internet as a major source of information about mental health problems and their treatment Conclusions: The participants’ MHL appeared to be associated with their unique sociocultural characteristics. This study stresses the need to raise MHL among Arab students in Israel, and in particular to promote positive attitudes to seeking professional help. It also highlights the need to develop culturally adapted mental health interventions for the Arab population in Israel.
Health-Related and Motor Performance-Related Fitness and Physical Activity Among Youth With Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Gruber Wolfgang , Welsner Matthias , Dillenhöfer Stefanie , Olivier Margarete , Koerner-Rettberg Cordula , Sutharsan Sivagurunathan , Taube Christian , Mellies Uwe , Stehling Florian 
Published: August 2021

Little is known about motor competence and the longitudinal development of motor performance among youth with cystic fibrosis (CF). In this study, we assessed aspects of motor performance in different age groups of young patients with CF and compared them with a healthy reference group of same aged children. We also examined the development of motor performance among different age groups of these children with CF, using The Deutscher Motorik Test (DMT) to assess attributes of health-related and motor performance-related fitness. We used an incremental ergometer cycle test to determine maximal exercise capacity (expressed as peak workload). We evaluated and recorded habitual physical activity (PA) as measured by the number of steps per day and the time spent in different PA intensities (expressed in metabolic equivalents). In total, 31 children and adolescents with CF agreed to participate (13 girls,18 boys) aged 6–17 years ( M = 11.3, SD =3.3 years); they had a mean one second forced expiratory volume (expressed as a percentage of predicted value [% pred]) of 87.2% ( SD = 22.3%). We found their values of health-related and motor performance-related fitness to be significantly lower ( p < 0.05) than those of their healthy peer participants. In contrast to the reference group, participants with CF up to 14 years of age showed a linear improvement in these values and in their PA, followed by a plateau or even a nonsignificant decrease after age 14. These findings have important implications for the development and prescription of exercise programs for children with CF. Besides aerobic and strength exercises, we recommend that neuromuscular training be integrated into exercise programs to improve the coordinative abilities of youth with CF. More attention should be paid to vulnerable older adolescents to ensure their long-term motivation to maintain exercise participation.
Are Wearable Sensors Valid and Reliable for Studying the Baseball Pitching Motion? An Independent Comparison With Marker-Based Motion Capture
Authors: Camp Christopher L. , Loushin Stacy , Nezlek Stuart , Fiegen Anthony P. , Christoffer Dan , Kaufman Kenton 
Published: August 2021

Background: In recent years, the prevalence of medial ulnar collateral ligament injuries has increased in throwers of all ages and skill levels. The motusBASEBALL sensor possesses an inertial measurement unit (IMU) that has been developed and applied to the throwing arm to allow for measurements of several objective parameters, which may prove beneficial for monitoring, rehabilitation, and injury prevention in the throwing athlete. However, the reliability, consistency, and validity of the IMU have not been independently assessed. Purpose: To evaluate the reliability, consistency, and validity of the motusBASEBALL sensor compared with the historic gold standard of marker-based motion capture. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 10 healthy male baseball athletes with varsity-level high school experience volunteered to participate in this study. Participants were fitted with 37 retroreflective markers for motion capture and the motusBASEBALL IMU sensor. Participants threw 5 fastballs at maximum effort, with measurements recorded simultaneously by motion capture and the IMU. Arm slot, arm speed, arm stress, and shoulder rotation were measured and compared. Results: Of the 4 metrics generated by the IMU, significant differences were found for 3 of the throwing metrics compared with motion capture including arm slot (5.0°± 6.1°; P = .037), elbow varus torque (9.4 ± 12.0 N·m; P = .037), and shoulder rotation (6.3°± 6.1°; P = .014). Arm speed did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference (29.2 ± 96.8 rpm; P = .375). The IMU consistently underreported pitching performance values. Shoulder rotation exhibited excellent reliability with <5° of error, and arm slot demonstrated good reliability with <10° of error. Arm stress and arm speed were less reliable. Conclusion: The IMU was not accurate or valid for arm slot, arm stress, and shoulder rotation compared with marker-based motion capture. It was relatively accurate for arm speed. Despite its lack of validity, it was consistent and reliable for arm speed and shoulder rotation and relatively reliable for arm slot and arm stress. Caution should be used when comparing values provided by this IMU to the gold standard of marker-based motion capture. Clinical Relevance: IMU technology has potential to be used in monitoring, rehabilitation, and injury prevention in throwing athletes if valid. This study demonstrates that the values provided by the IMU should not be considered equivalent to those generated by the gold standard of marker-based motion capture; however, there may still be a role for this technology when relying on its internal consistency for intrathrower comparisons and tracking.
Oberwolfachite, SrFe3+3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6, a new alunite-supergroup mineral from the Clara mine, Schwarzwald, Germany and Monterniers mine, Rhône, France
Authors: Chukanov Nikita V. , Möhn Gerhard , Dal Bo Fabrice , Zubkova Natalia V. , Varlamov Dmitry A. , Pekov Igor V. , Jouffret Laurent , Henot Jean-Marc , Chollet Pascal , Vessely Yannick , Friis Henrik , Ksenofontov Dmitry A. , Agakhanov Atali A. , Britvin Sergey N. , Desor Joy , Koshlyakova Natalia N. , Pushcharovsky Dmitry Yu. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe new beudantite-group mineral oberwolfachite, ideally SrFe3+3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6, was discovered in two localities: Clara mine, Oberwolfach, Schwarzwald, Baden-Württemberg, Germany (holotype) and Monterniers mine, Lantignié, Rhône, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France (cotype). The associated minerals are quartz, baryte, hematite, illite, goethite, beudantite and dussertite (Clara) and arsenogoyazite, jarosite, graulichite-(Ce), goethite and hematite (Monterniers). Oberwolfachite forms yellow to brown platy crystals up to 1 mm across or thick outer zones of mixed (oberwolfachite–beudantite) crystals up to 3 mm across. The lustre is adamantine and the streak is yellow. A distinct cleavage on {0001} is observed. Calculated density is 3.874 g⋅cm–3. The infrared spectra are given. The chemical composition of the holotype/cotype samples are (wt.%, b.d.l. = below detection limit): K2O 1.25/1.86, SrO 6.41/11.15, BaO 8.13/0.45, PbO 2.18/b.d.l., Al2O3 0.16/0.23, Fe2O3 38.99/39.98, La2O3 1.68/not determined, Ce2O3 1.28/2.06, P2O5 0.12/b.d.l., As2O5 17.55/16.55, SO3 12.86/14.99, H2O (calculated) 8.72/9.05, total 99.33/96.62. The empirical formula of the holotype sample is (Sr0.38Ba0.33K0.16Pb0.06La0.06Ce0.05)Σ1.04(Fe3+3.03Al0.02)Σ3.05[(SO4)1.00(AsO4)0.95(PO4)0.01](O6.16H6.00). The crystal structures of both samples were determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction data and refined to R = 3.13% (holotype, 293 K) and 2.65% (cotype, 170 K). Oberwolfachite is trigonal, R${\bar 3}$m, with a = 7.3270(3) Å, c = 17.0931(9) Å and V = 794.70(8) Å3 (holotype), and a = 7.298(2) Å, c = 16.908(3) Å and V = 779.8(4) Å3 (cotype); Z = 3. The strongest lines of the powder X-ray diffraction pattern of holotype [d, Å (I, %)(hkl)] are: 5.95 (56)(101), 3.664 (37)(110), 3.117 (16)(021), 3.082 (100)(113), 2.548 (15)(024), 2.280 (22)(107), 1.983 (26)(303) and 1.832 (19)(220).
Stage- and sex-specific transcriptome analyses reveal distinctive sensory gene expression patterns in a butterfly
Authors: Ernst David A. , Westerman Erica L. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Animal behavior is largely driven by the information that animals are able to extract and process from their environment. However, the function and organization of sensory systems often change throughout ontogeny, particularly in animals that undergo indirect development. As an initial step toward investigating these ontogenetic changes at the molecular level, we characterized the sensory gene repertoire and examined the expression profiles of genes linked to vision and chemosensation in two life stages of an insect that goes through metamorphosis, the butterfly Bicyclus anynana.

Results
Using RNA-seq, we compared gene expression in the heads of late fifth instar larvae and newly eclosed adults that were reared under identical conditions. Over 50 % of all expressed genes were differentially expressed between the two developmental stages, with 4,036 genes upregulated in larval heads and 4,348 genes upregulated in adult heads. In larvae, upregulated vision-related genes were biased toward those involved with eye development, while phototransduction genes dominated the vision genes that were upregulated in adults. Moreover, the majority of the chemosensory genes we identified in the B. anynana genome were differentially expressed between larvae and adults, several of which share homology with genes linked to pheromone detection, host plant recognition, and foraging in other species of Lepidoptera.

Conclusions
These results revealed promising candidates for furthering our understanding of sensory processing and behavior in the disparate developmental stages of butterflies and other animals that undergo metamorphosis.
Economic and disease burden of RSV-associated hospitalizations in young children in France, from 2010 through 2018
Authors: Demont C. , Petrica N. , Bardoulat I. , Duret S. , Watier L. , Chosidow A. , Lorrot M. , Kieffer A. , Lemaitre M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the main cause of infant and child hospitalizations. The study objective is to estimate the RSV-associated hospitalizations and economic burden in young children in France to inform future preventive strategies.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of RSV-associated hospitalizations data from the French Hospital database (PMSI-MCO) which covers the entire French population. All children aged < 5 years hospitalized with RSV ICD-10 codes (J210, J219, J45, J121, J205, R062) from 2010 to 2018, were included. Descriptive analyses were conducted by RSV seasons (Oct to March), by respiratory years (July to June) and per age groups.

Results
On average 50,878 RSV-associated hospitalizations (range: 43,715 – 54,616) per season was reported in France, 69% among children < 1 year old. This represents 28% of all-cause hospitalizations that occurred among children < 1 year old, and less than 10% of all-cause hospitalizations in older children. Number of RSV-associated hospitalizations were similar for infants born during (Oct-March) or outside (April–September) their first RSV season. The highest risk being reported for infants born from September through November. The associated hospitalization cost increased between 2010 - 11 and 2017–18, from €93.2 million to €124.1 million, respectively, and infants < 1 year old represented 80% of the economic burden.

Conclusion
RSV is an important cause of child hospitalization in France. The burden on healthcare system is mainly driven by < 1 year olds, and preventive strategies should be implemented before the first RSV season.
Distinct employment interference profiles in patients with breast cancer prior to and for 12 months following surgery
Authors: Chan Raymond Javan , Cooper Bruce , Gordon Louisa , Hart Nicolas , Tan Chia Jie , Koczwara Bogda , Kober Kord M. , Chan Alexandre , Conley Yvette P. , Paul Steven M. , Miaskowski Christine 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To identify subgroups of female breast cancer patients with distinct self-reported employment interference (EI) profiles and determine which demographic, clinical, and symptom characteristics, and quality of life outcomes were associated with subgroup membership.

Methods
Women with breast cancer (n = 385) were assessed for changes in EI over ten times, from prior to, through 12 months after breast cancer surgery. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify subgroups of patients with distinct EI profiles.

Results
Three distinct EI profiles (i.e., None – 26.2% (n = 101), Low – 42.6% (n = 164), High – 31.2% (n = 120)) were identified. Compared to the None and Low groups, patients in the High group were more likely to be younger. Higher proportions in the High group were non-White, pre-menopausal prior to surgery, had more advanced stage disease, had received an axillary lymph node dissection, had received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, had received adjuvant chemotherapy, and had a re-excision or mastectomy on the affected breast within 6 months after surgery. In addition, these patients had lower quality of life scores. Compared to the None group, the High group had higher levels of trait and state anxiety, depressive symptoms, fatigue and sleep disturbance and lower levels of cognitive function.

Conclusions
This study provides new knowledge regarding EI profiles among women in the year following breast cancer surgery. The non-modifiable risk factors (e.g., younger age, being non-White, having more advanced stage disease) can inform current screening procedures. The potentially modifiable risk factors can be used to develop interventions to improve employment outcomes of breast cancer patients.
Exploring the importance of diversified physical activities in early childhood for later motor competence and physical activity level: a seven-year longitudinal study
Authors: Melby Paulina S. , Elsborg Peter , Nielsen Glen , Lima Rodrigo A. , Bentsen Peter , Andersen Lars B. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Research indicates that childhood motor competence (MC) can predict physical activity (PA) levels later in life and it has been argued that frequently engaging in a wide diversity of physical activities will eventually improve children’s MC. However, no longitudinal or experimental studies have confirmed this theoretical rationale. The aims of this study are to explore the longitudinal associations between diversified physical activities at age six and later MC and PA (time spent in moderate-to-vigorous PA) (age nine and 13). Furthermore, we explore to what extent the longitudinal association between diversified physical activity and PA is mediated by MC.

Methods
Longitudinal data from the Copenhagen School Intervention Study were used for this analysis, where 704 participated (69% response rate). Diversified physical activity (self-reported), MC (The Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder battery of postural stability and locomotor skills) and PA (accelerometer) were assessed in the children at age six, age nine and age 13. A total of 654 participated in at least two of the measures and, therefore, were included in the analysis. Two structural equation models were constructed, with diversified physical activity at age six and MC and PA at age nine as predictors of PA and MC at age 13.

Results
The data from both models demonstrated good model fit. Diversified physical activity at 6 years of age was significantly associated with physical activity and MC at age 13, when adjusting for sex, age, intervention, weight, height, and previous levels of PA and MC. Diversified physical activity at age six was also positively associated with PA and MC at age nine, which were, in turn, positively related to PA at age 13 but to a lesser degree than diversified PA at age six. The association between diversified physical activity at age six and PA at age 13 was not mediated by MC at age nine.

Conclusions
The results of this study indicate that diversified physical activity at age six is important for the development of MC and PA in adolescence. Increasing the diversity of children’s daily physical activities, not only the amount and intensity, seems important for future PA behavior and thereby health promotion in a life course perspective.