bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Simulation on Influence of Cooling at Rake Face to Tool Temperature
Authors: Zakaria M S , Nawi M A M , Khor C Y , Rosli M U M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this paper, heat balance equation at the tool is derived and modified. The equation covered heat generated at tool-chip interface and dissipation via rake face and flank face. Based on heat balance equation derived, heat removal from the tool can be improved by reducing rake face length exposed to ambient air. A cooling source from water is introduced at a fraction of exposed rake face with high heat transfer coefficient. Finite element study conducted shows tool temperature closed to cutting edge is reduced by 23% by increasing length of water cooling at rake face. In addition, increasing area of water cooling shows significant impact on tool temperature when tool temperature decent by 31% compared to without cooling from water. The presence of cooling source at a fraction of exposed rake face has remarkable effect on tool temperature.
Research on Different Types of Cooling System on Ground Mounted Solar Photovoltaic System for Electrical Output Enhancement
Authors: Elias M A , Jais R M , Muda N , Azlin N A , Ahmad N M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Solar photovoltaic (PV) can be used to generate power by using semiconductor materials to convert solar energy into electricity. In Malaysia, solar PV technology plays a significant role in increasing renewable energy generation capacity target at 20% by 2025. Malaysia’s strategic location at the equator makes it possible to achieve this target. However, several challenges need to be mitigated when implementing this technology, among others is the effect of temperature on solar PV system performance. Solar PV panel is currently rated at a range of efficiency between 13% to 20%. The efficiency of the PV panel is affected by temperature where the PV power and efficiency decrease at the rate of -0.5%/°C and -0.05%/°C respectively as the ambient temperature increases. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of different types of PV cooling systems in reducing the solar PV panel temperature. In this study, the PV systems were retrofitted by two types of cooling system which are passive cooling and active cooling systems. The results of panel temperatures were measured against the control system without the cooling mechanism. The research was conducted in real operating condition with direct sunlight. Active cooling system reduced the temperature of the PV system and improved the electrical output by 4.9% while the best passive cooling system improved the output by 3%. Factors contributing to the results are also discussed in this paper.
Performance of CI Engine Using Swirl Type Retrofit
Authors: Somanath Swamy R H M , Yerrennagoudar Hiregoudar , Mahesh G , Vishwanatha J S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Due to its higher thermal efficiency diesel engines are used worldwide in transportation, agriculture and many. The problem associated with these diesel engines are less efficiency and release of toxic emissions like CO, HC and NOx to the atmosphere. These problems can be overcome by use of alternative fuels and by engine modification. Modification of fuel spray is one of the methods to achieve complete combustion of fuel, which helps in achieving higher efficiency and reduced toxic emissions. This work is carried out by using an attachment for fuel injector known as retrofit. Experiments were conducted using retrofit attached to fuel injector nozzle and found to be increased in efficiency of the engine and reduced toxic emissions when compared with conventional injector without retrofit.
Cloud based AI approach for predictive maintenance and failure prevention
Authors: Karthik T S , Kamala B 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Every industry has utilized machines of various types for many functions. The manufacturing industry has utilized machines since the industrial revolution for mass manufacturing. Operating machines continuously can lead to faults and require maintenance and repairs. As computing power increased and various technologies such as embedded systems, artificial intelligence, deep learning, cloud computing etc. were developed, new systems were implemented to perform diagnostics on machines. In this paper, A conceptual system architecture of a cloud based AI system to predict potential failure of a component by analyzing data collected from various sources and develop inspection and maintenance schedules is proposed. The application of technologies such as Artificial Intelligence, Cloud computing and process mining in the system is discussed in detail. The operation of the system in a real world condition is discussed by developing a system architecture for maintenance and failure prediction of aircraft fan blades of an aircraft engine. The future application of the system with potential increase in capability is discussed.
Optimization of Injection Pressure on Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine Using Waste Cooking Oil
Authors: Arunprasad S , Indumathi R , Sharmila N , Saravana Priya S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Biodiesel is one of the alternative fuels made from vegetable oil, environment friendly and can reduce the emission compared with diesel fuel. In this present work, an effort has been made to investigate the performance and emission characteristics of a single cylinder diesel engine fueled with blends of waste cooking oil (WCO). Experiments were conducted with different blends of waste cooking oil (25,50,75%) in diesel engine for various loads. Also, experiments were conducted by changing the injection pressure from 200 bar to 240 bar in the step of 20 bar. The results clearly show that lower brake thermal efficiency and higher brake specific fuel consumption were obtained with WCO by varying the injection pressure. Lower in CO and HC and higher in NOx emission were observed for WCO for different injection pressure. Lower smoke opacity was found by changing pressure. Taguchi method were used to find the optimum level of injection pressure, fuel fraction and blends of waste cooking oil.
Study on CRDI engine for the various fuel injection pressures
Authors: Balaji G , Sathish Kumar T R , Mankar Sanket , Kumar Anand 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe people in our society are highly depended on petroleum for their activities. The petroleum is a finite source and it produce several problems such as rising carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere. Around 75% of fuel produced is used for as an energy source for transportation, heat and electricity generation. This study was carried out to understand the effect of fuel injection pressure on the CRDI engine for the performance, combustion and emissions. This work has been done out on a four stroke, single cylinder diesel engine. The fuel injection pressure was varied from 400 bar, 500 bar and 600 bar by having the fuel injection angle as 20°bTDC. The collected data were analysed for various parameters such as brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), CO, CO2, HC, NOxand Smoke emissions for diesel fuel. CO, HC and smoke emissions were reduced by increasing the fuel injection pressure. NO and CO2emissions were increasing by increasing the fuel injection pressure. This is due to injected fuel droplets find smaller as the injection pressure increase, which leads to improve atomization of the fuel. The BTE and SFC were not much varying.
Performance comparison of solar stills with different fin materials coupled with PCM energy storage
Authors: Sathish Kumar T R , Balaji G , Deepak Kumar A , Sivanath K , Thirumalai S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Low productivity is a major issue to be addressed in solar still which is considered to be an economical and viable gadget used to convert brackish water into potable water in remote and rural regions of developing countries. In the present work, an attempt has been made to improve the productivity of solar still by incorporating fins and energy storage materials. Two identical single slope single basin solar stills were fabricated with an effective basin area of 0.5 m2 (1000 mm x 500 mm) and glazing inclination of 120 with the horizontal. Experiments were conducted to compare the performance of conventional solar still with finned solar still attached with paraffin wax as phase change material (PCM). Two different materials; Galvanized iron and Aluminium were used to fabricate the basin and tubular fins. The experimental results showed that the productivity and the daily efficiency of the solar still with fins and energy storage were higher compared to solar still with mere fins and solar still with mere energy storage. Further, solar still with Aluminium fins exhibited superior performance compared to the solar still with galvanized iron fins.
Design optimization of double wishbone suspension system for motorcycle
Authors: Arun Kumar G , Manepalli Parthiv , Narendran R 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Double wishbone is the best suspension System for Motorcycle. It can manage a broader grouping of an area. This sort of suspension is generally placed in four wheelers. Double Wishbone Suspension System (DWSS) can also be designed for bike and bicycles by an adjusted design streamlined. This venture improved the DWSS by displacing the current suspension. The traveller bike is amassed with a DWSS and consolidated by a single damper unit is associated with the higher and base burden. This damping structure get-together depicted immediately. This DWSS brings about wonderful camber caster control. The damping structure has got weight optimized tires. It can be handled for better grip wheels in contact with the street also it can take care of perpendicular and parallel burden. The variables are verified and then advancement of design and the outcomes have been taken for reduction of mass.
Experimental investigation of the charging and discharging of latent heat in phase change material (PCM) based aluminium tube heat exchanger
Authors: Muthiah CT , Kanishkar H , Hariharan R L , Harieharan J , Sekar S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, given the increasing importance of energy sources, the possibility of energy storage in the heat exchangers through the Phase Change Materials (PCM) and releasing it when needed has been extremely essential. This study seeks to develop a model as that of the domestic water heating system in which the phase change material is used for storing that heat energy as latent heat and it can be discharged during cooling. The behaviour of a PCM material is studied and the performance is tried to improve by using aluminium as the inner tubes instead of copper. In this experimental study, the thermal characteristics of PCM is studied by passing hot fluid and cold fluid through the tubes. Further the heat-storing capacity and the temperature distribution of wax along the tube was studied at different fluid temperatures. Also, the type of flow created by the fluid for different temperatures and the corresponding behaviour of the PCM during that particular temperature is also studied. A commercial grade Paraffin wax as PCM material with specific heat capacity of 2 kJ/kg-K is used and arrived at effectiveness around 0.48 for 40-50 °C and 0.59 for 50-60 °C. Logarithmic average of the temperature difference between 40°C-50 °C hot cycle is 10.654°C and during the cold cycle it is: 2.495°C, In the same way for 50°C -60 °C, during Hot cycle 11.56°C and for cold cycle 3.77°C. Finally, it is observed that based on the experimental study on the charging and discharging of latent heat storage, due to the low thermal conductivity of Phase change material, the rate of heat transfer during discharging is very low and the time required for discharging of latent heat storage is longer compared to the time required for charging of latent heat storage due to low heat transfer rate between PCM and hot Temperature fluid (Water).
Advances in concentrated solar absorber designs
Authors: Vighas V R , Bharath Subramaniam S , Harish G 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Concentrated solar power (CSP) with thermal storage (TES) can generate continuous power output. It can be used for various applications by overcoming the intermittent solar radiation. As heat losses occur in absorber because of heat flux, tracking, optical errors. Hence, improving efficiency arises. Reducing heat loss is vital. The absorbers are volumetric, cavity, tubular liquid, solid particle-type. The occurrence of heat flux on absorbers from heliostats. Performance affects because of clouds in transient conditions. The review focuses on advances in solar absorber designs. It concentrates on meeting sustainable development’s energy and power requirements.
Numerical simulations over a three body launch vehicle for incompressible flows
Authors: Siva Krishna Reddy D , Gupta Sagar , Yadav Mayank 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In the present work, three dimensional numerical simulations over a launch vehicle at 70 m/s are performed for 3 scale models. The vehicle has a cylindrical core body and two strap on boosters. The scaled models chosen so that they represent a wind tunnel blockage ratio of 3%, 4% and 5% respectively. Simulations are performed using commercial CFD software Ansys Fluent. Three dimensional structured mesh is generated using ICEMCFD software. The solver depends on finite volume technique, and SIMPLE calculation is utilized to address the couple continuity and energy conditions. K-w SST model is utilized for disturbance demonstration. The computed flow field is analyzed in terms of velocity, pressure and turbulent kinetic energy contours. Surface pressure acquired from the three simulation (relating to every blockage ratio) arrangements in balance plane is compared to understand the impact of blockage ratio on the stream field and drag coefficients. As the blockage is increased, it was observed that maximum velocity is increasing. Lowest blockage found to give highest drag coefficient.
Solidification behavior of water based Al2O3 nanofluids phase change material for energy efficient cool thermal storage system
Authors: Nanda Kumar S , Chandrasekaran P 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the solidification behavior of water based Al2O3 nanofluid phase change material encapsulated in a spherical capsule suitable for cool thermal energy storage application. The nanofluid phase change material is prepared by dispersing the Al2O3 nanoparticles mixed with DI water, which is used as a base phase shift material with a volume fraction of 0.1 %. The experiments are conducted with DI water and the Al2O3 nanofluid phase change material at surrounding bath temperatures of -6,-9 and -12 °C respectively. The presence of Al2O3 acts as a nucleating agent that causes an elimination in under cooling. The enhanced thermal properties of the Al2O3 are very useful to dissipate the concealed heat faster and helps to operate the CTES at higher operating temperature for a lesser duration, when compared with PCM where the nucleating agent is absent. So, this act fetches an energy-saving potential.
Performance analysis and efficiency enhancement of cooling tower in 210 MW thermal unit
Authors: Ravikumar Solomon G , Balaji R , Ilayaperumal K , Chellappa B 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHeat exchangers, condensers plays a vital role in any kind of power cycle like modified Rankin cycle, these components involves transfer of both sensible and latent heat and have great influence over the power plant performance. The condenser employed in MTPS involves transfer of latent heat into steam. Yet it as to induce a phase change in thereby forming water. Increase in the effectiveness of condenser resulted in the increase of vacuum in the condenser. Thereby work done by steam is increased and coal saving (per ton of steam production) is achieved. This condensation process results in the formation of sludge’s (temporary) and (permanent). Along the inner periphery of the condenser tubes. These permanent scales have decreased thermal conductivity and inhibit the heat transfer rate. The more the thickness of the scale the less the heat is removed from the steam. This scale formation limits the life of the condenser tubes with maximum performance. In this project the thickness of the scale formed in the condenser tubes is calculated theoretically and the performance is analysed before and after scale formation in the condenser. Different materials which involve less scale formation, different ways of reducing scales and various scale removing methods are suggested.
Automatic detection of defects in pre-stressed multi strand wires using hall effect sensor
Authors: Dinesh Kumar V , Mohamed Jinnah Sheik , Nallasivan G , Sethu Ramalingam P , Karpagaraj M , Rajesh Kanna S K 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Pre-stressed wire ropes are the steel-reinforced cables used in bridges to carry loads and to prevent the bridges from displacements. Steel strands are of different orientations and with arbitrary number of wires within it. This strands twisted one over the other to form the steel ropes, which plays a major role for supportive purpose and any defects in the strand wires leads to failure of the rope and the structures which it supports. So it became essential to inspect periodically, to ensure the safety operation. But, the challenges are that the ropes are at the non-accessible and non-demandable locations, thereby the common inspection methods are limited. So in this research, inspection of wire ropes had done by using a robot with Hall Effect sensor. This developed robot has to be allowed to pass over the cable and the detector detects the defects, if any based on the flux variations at the broken steel strands. The experimentation results proved that the developed robot is at par in detection and it can be used to detect the defects for various applications.
IoT based solar powered smart irrigation system
Authors: Devan P K , Arun K , Arvindkumar N H , Aravind R , Dinesh Kumar R 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The basic and essential survival needs on earth is Water. In Recent times, the water scarcity is increased due to increase of population and deforestation. This paper based on development of an Internet of Things with solar powered irrigation using embedded method which is effective in agricultural field. Our project is to design a model of PIC for irrigation system which is supervised using Wi-Fi module (ESP8266). The WiFi module is operated using a (PIC) 16F877A from Microcontroller via utilizing the energy from the solar panel, run the motors which irrigates the field by sensing the moisture in the soil. The water above the marked level is pumped out by a motor by the information from the level sensor. The advancements of technology like IoT has vast demand in various operations. This system can easily access by the farmer to control the irrigation from anywhere in the world in an effective way.
Effects of various reinforcement on mechanical properties of plastic block: A review
Authors: Karthick K , Mohan Ramana V , Muralikrishnan M S , Vishnuvardhan Nallani , Naveen Kumar S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Solid waste management is one of the major problems of any developing country due to the rapid growth in urbanization and industrialization. In solid waste one of the main components is plastics. Some of the plastics used in household and industrial applications are polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and this kind of plastics can be recyclable but these plastics are simply dumped in landfills and water bodies and then plays a vital role in the causes for environmental pollution and other threats. Degradation rate of plastics also very slow, hence disposal of these plastic wastes without any cautions are not only affecting our surroundings but also affecting humans and other living beings. In addition to plastic waste another one main element is construction waste. Most of these waste plastics and construction wastes such as ceramic waste, metal scraps and quarry dust can be recycled by proper processes and can be reused. These waste plastics can be used to manufacture plastic blocks that may be used in construction works. This paper mainly focuses on the review of researches done on Improving mechanical properties of paver blocks using various waste materials as reinforcement. These plastic paver blocks with reinforcement can be used in nontraffic roads such as walkways, footpaths, pedestrian plazas, landscapes, monument premises and in waterlog areas due to their low water absorption property.
Domestic water treatment – an Indian perspective
Authors: Kumar S Senthil , Uma Mageswari S D , Dhanasekar S , Guru Prasaath R R , Dharun Kumar S , Yuvaraaj K R 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Water scarcity in India is increasing in an astronomical rate. More than 50% of the population is experiencing water stress. Domestic waste water (inclusive of kitchen waste and bathroom waste) treatment plays a crucial role in treating the waste water and reuse it for recreational and agricultural activities. But in India, less than 50% of sewage water is only treated and the rest is disposed untreated. This untreated water pollutes the water bodies and may lead to adverse effects on aquatic life and also water quality. This paper reviews the various domestic waste water treatment plants, their advantages and limitations. Based on the literature, the study proposes a cost effective waste water treatment method.
Multiplicity based algorithms for processing group multi-criteria expert assessments
Authors: Pronichkin S V , Chernyshova Y S , Kholstov A V , Mamai I B 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The paper discusses a new approach to the processing of verbal assessments, which express the opinions of experts on many criteria. The algorithm for verbal analysis of multi-feature objects expert assessments is proposed for identifying subgroups of experts with agreed opinions. It is proposed to use the multiplicity indices of multisets to calculate the coefficient of consistency. It is also proposed to use jointly the coefficients of consistency values to assess the consistency of the experts subgroups on one feature, and strive for the total maximization of the coefficients of consistency for all features. The complexity of the proposed algorithm is estimated. The results of calculations for the problem of choosing the best science-intensive technology are presented.
Satellite monitoring and visualization of vegetation indices for assessing crop productivity
Authors: Shurlaeva E S , Tokarev K E , Kh Sanzhapov B 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The article discusses approaches to the use of remote sensing and satellite monitoring tools for assessing the productivity of agricultural crops based on the recognition of high-resolution aerial photographs, followed by numerical calculation of vegetation indices and visualization in cross-platform geoinformation systems.
Proposal of method for generating musical compositions of different genres
Authors: Nikitin N A , Orlova Y A , Rozaliev V L , Kuznetsova A S , Gilka V V 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The work is dedicated to the research and development of methods and algorithms that automate and support the process of technical creativity, from the point of automated creation of musical compositions with different genres. The method is based on the use of neural networks to predict composition, and also suggests using various models that have been trained by songs in certain genres to improve the quality of the resulting musical composition. This work describes the algorithm itself, the process of collecting and classifying data for training, the process of training a neural network. In addition, it describes the process of choosing a neural network architecture. Also, the work proposes a system architecture for the automated generation of compositions using the proposed algorithm.