bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does college level the playing field? Socioeconomic gaps in the earnings of similar graduates: evidence from South Korea
Authors: Lee Sangwoo , Vignoles Anna 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe socioeconomic gap in participation at university is an enduring policy issue in South Korea, as in many other countries. However, less attention has been paid to the socioeconomic gap in the outcomes from tertiary education. This paper addresses this gap in the literature, using the Korean Education and Employment Panel (KEEP) data to investigate the extent to which the wages of Korean graduates who attended similar higher education institutions vary by socioeconomic background. The results show that a degree appears to largely level the playing field, in terms of earnings, between male graduates from poor and rich backgrounds. For females, by contrast, family background is still a strong predictor of earnings, even after allowing for institution attended and discipline of degree. Further, the wage premium for 2-year and 4-year college degrees also varies by family background. Four-year college degrees, contrary to popular belief, do not always attract a higher wage premium than 2-year college degrees, particularly for men from poorer family backgrounds.
Dynamic relative regional strain visualized by electrical impedance tomography in patients suffering from COVID-19
Authors: Pulletz Sven , Krukewitt Lisa , Gonzales-Rios Pablo , Teschendorf Peter , Kremeier Peter , Waldmann Andreas , Zitzmann Amelie , Müller-Graf Fabian , Acosta Cecilia , Tusman Gerado , Reuter Daniel A. , Böhm Stephan H. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRespiratory failure due to SARS-CoV-2 may progress rapidly. During the course of COVID-19, patients develop an increased respiratory drive, which may induce high mechanical strain a known risk factor for Patient Self-Inflicted Lung Injury (P-SILI). We developed a novel Electrical Impedance Tomography-based approach to visualize the Dynamic Relative Regional Strain (DRRS) in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients and compared these findings with measurements in lung healthy volunteers. DRRS was defined as the ratio of tidal impedance changes and end-expiratory lung impedance within each pixel of the lung region. DRRS values of the ten patients were considerably higher than those of the ten healthy volunteers. On repeated examination, patterns, magnitude and frequency distribution of DRRS were reproducible and in line with the clinical course of the patients. Lung ultrasound scores correlated with the number of pixels showing DRRS values above the derived threshold. Using Electrical Impedance Tomography we were able to generate, for the first time, images of DRRS which might indicate P-SILI in patients suffering from COVID-19.Trial Registration This observational study was registered 06.04.2020 in German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00021276).
Adversity-hope hypothesis: Air pollution raises lottery demand in China
Authors: Chew Soo Hong , Liu Haoming , Salvo Alberto 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe empirical literature points to a stylized phenomenon of increased demand for hope following adversity. Clotfelter and Cook (1989) suggest that hope is a key sentiment underpinning recreational gambling. Chew and Ho (1994, this journal) offer the view of hope being experienced in lottery products when people enjoy delaying the resolution of uncertainty. Taking air quality as an indicator of subjective well-being, we hypothesize a positive causal relationship between air pollution and lottery sales. We test this hypothesis using data from China and find that air pollution measured by particle concentration increases demand for a popular lottery for which province-level daily sales records exist. The relationship can readily be seen on combining high-frequency, spatially resolved lottery sales and particle pollution data. Our findings support the adversity-hope hypothesis in the context of air quality and lottery sales and point to further tests using other measures of adversity and proxies of demand for hope.
The evolution of saltmarsh mosquito control water management practices relative to coastal resiliency in the Mid-Atlantic and northeastern United States
Authors: Wolfe Roger , Zarebicki Paul , Meredith William 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSalt marshes are dynamic ecosystems that change in response to local geographic and geologic factors as well as sea level changes. Most east coast salt marshes are the result of rising sea levels since the end of the last ice age, about 20,000 ybp. To compound this natural process, anthropogenic manipulations for farming, development and other purposes have occurred for centuries. Alterations to salt marshes for the purpose of controlling larval mosquitoes at their source, at least along the east coast of the United States, have occurred since the early twentieth century. These alterations have included large-scale manipulations such as extensive parallel grid-ditching and impounding. Within the last 50 years, more selective source reduction methods such as Open Marsh Water Management (OMWM) have been employed with fewer deleterious impacts to marsh resources. Even more recently, the more holistic approach of Integrated Marsh Management (IMM) has been used with considerable success particularly in the northeastern and Mid-Atlantic states. IMM not only uses OMWM techniques but incorporates the judicious use of mosquito control pesticides, tidal flow restoration, impoundment management, wildlife habitat enhancement, invasive plant control, and selective shallow ditching (“runneling”) depending on local conditions and management plans. As many marshes are becoming wetter and either drowning or migrating inland (where possible) due to the effects of increasing rates of sea level rise, the compounding long-term impacts of parallel grid-ditching and past manipulations on marsh surface elevation and hydrology are being more intently studied. These changes in saltmarsh dynamics have had and will continue to have impacts on where saltmarsh mosquitoes are produced, which could have corollary effects on public health and quality of life near coastal communities. As salt marshes continue to change, mosquito control agencies can play a significant role in providing input for salt marsh restoration and management in addition to their primary objective of vector control and enhancing quality of life.
Exploring Youth Perceptions About Cancer Prevention and Preferences for Education: a Qualitative Study
Authors: Abraham Olufunmilola , Szela Lisa , Feng Emilie , Egbujor Maryann , Gay Sommer 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to characterize adolescents’ perspectives on cancer and cancer prevention and to explore their preferences for cancer education. A total of 188 middle and high school students participated in 25 focus groups. Focus groups were led by study team members and included five to ten participants each. Adolescents were asked to discuss their cancer and cancer prevention knowledge, sources of cancer education, and preferences for cancer prevention education. Focus groups were audio-recorded, and professionally transcribed. Transcripts were content and thematically analyzed by two study team members using NVivo qualitative data software. Six themes were identified in focus groups: knowledge about cancer, negative perceptions of cancer, awareness of cancer prevention, engagement in cancer prevention, facilitators and barriers for action, and preferences for cancer education. Adolescents described a wide range of cancer education sources, including friends, family, healthcare professionals, school, technology, and pamphlets. Participants associated cancer with negative emotions, such as sadness and fear. Participants expressed interest in learning about cancer and cancer prevention, but also identified barriers to engaging in preventative behaviors, such as discomfort, lack of knowledge, and lack of personal connection to cancer. Adolescents preferred learning through personal presentations, online videos, school, educational games, and social situations. Adolescence is a critical period for learning and developing healthy behaviors. Awareness of cancer and cancer prevention is crucial to lowering cancer risk in the future. To be effective, cancer education for adolescents should target specific areas of cancer prevention and address barriers to engagement in preventative behaviors.
Holism as the empirical significance of symmetries
Authors: Gomes Henrique 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNot all symmetries are on a par. For instance, within Newtonian mechanics, we seem to have a good grasp on the empirical significance of boosts, by applying it to subsystems. This is exemplified by the thought experiment known as Galileo’s ship: the inertial state of motion of a ship is immaterial to how events unfold in the cabin, but is registered in the values of relational quantities such as the distance and velocity of the ship relative to the shore. But the significance of gauge symmetries seems less clear. For example, can gauge transformations in Yang-Mills theory—taken as mere descriptive redundancy—exhibit a similar relational empirical significance as the boosts of Galileo’s ship? This question has been debated in the last fifteen years in philosophy of physics. I will argue that the answer is ‘yes’, but only for a finite subset of gauge transformations, and under special conditions. Under those conditions, we can mathematically identify empirical significance with a failure of supervenience: the state of the Universe is not uniquely determined by the intrinsic state of its isolated subsystems. Empirical significance is therefore encoded in those relations between subsystems that stand apart from their intrinsic states.
Towards fuel antioxidants of new types
Authors: Veliyeva Leyla , Sadıqova Arzu , Israfilova Zubeyda , Rzaeva Irada , Kurbanova Malahat , Farzaliyev Vagif , Maharramov Abel , Sujayev Afsun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTo find novel classes of potential fuel additives of multivalent activity, particularly antioxidants, a series of recently synthesized ethyl-6-amino-5-cyan-methyl-4-aryl-4H-pyran-3-carboxylates have been investigated using model oxidative reactions. The compounds studied appear to be prospective inhibitors of hydrocarbons oxidation. Some of them are antioxidants of combined action, breaking the chains of the oxidative reactions with cumene peroxide radicals and catalytically decomposing cumene hydroperoxide.
Monocular tissue reconstruction via remote center motion for robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery
Authors: Li Peng , Tang Ming , Ding Ke , Wu Xiaojun , Liu Yunhui 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn minimally invasive surgery, the primary surgeon requires an assistant to hold an endoscope to obtain visual information from the body cavity. However, the two-dimensional images acquired by endoscopy lack depth information. Future automatic robotic surgeries need three-dimensional information of the target area. This paper presents a method to reconstruct a 3D model of soft tissues from image sequences acquired from a robotic camera holder. In this algorithm, a sparse reconstruction module based on the SIFT and SURF features is designed, and a multilevel feature matching strategy is proposed to improve the algorithm efficiency. To recover the realistic effect of the soft-tissue model, a complete 3D reconstruction algorithm is implemented, including densification, meshing of the point cloud and texture mapping reconstruction. During the texture reconstruction stage, a mathematical model is proposed to achieve the repair of texture seams. To verify the feasibility of the proposed method, we use a collaborative manipulator (AUBO i5) with a mounted camera to mimic an assistant surgeon holding an endoscope. To satisfy a pivotal constraint imposed by the remote center of motion (RCM), a kinematic algorithm of the manipulator is implemented, and the primary surgeon is provided with a voice control interface to control the directions of the camera with. We conducted an experiment to show a 3D reconstruction of soft tissue by the proposed method and the manipulator, which indicates that the manipulator works as a robotic assistant which can hold a camera to provide abundant information in the surgery.
High Capacity and Fast Kinetics of Potassium-Ion Batteries Boosted by Nitrogen-Doped Mesoporous Carbon Spheres
Authors: Zheng Jiefeng , Wu Yuanji , Tong Yong , Liu Xi , Sun Yingjuan , Li Hongyan , Niu Li 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn view of rich potassium resources and their working potential, potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) are deemed as next generation rechargeable batteries. Owing to carbon materials with the preponderance of durability and economic price, they are widely employed in PIBs anode materials. Currently, porosity design and heteroatom doping as efficacious improvement strategies have been applied to the structural design of carbon materials to improve their electrochemical performances. Herein, nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon spheres (MCS) are synthesized by a facile hard template method. The MCS demonstrate larger interlayer spacing in a short range, high specific surface area, abundant mesoporous structures and active sites, enhancing K-ion migration and diffusion. Furthermore, we screen out the pyrolysis temperature of 900 °C and the pore diameter of 7 nm as optimized conditions for MCS to improve performances. In detail, the optimized MCS-7-900 electrode achieves high rate capacity (107.9 mAh g−1 at 5000 mA g−1) and stably brings about 3600 cycles at 1000 mA g−1. According to electrochemical kinetic analysis, the capacitive-controlled effects play dominant roles in total storage mechanism. Additionally, the full-cell equipped MCS-7-900 as anode is successfully constructed to evaluate the practicality of MCS.
Neural Style Transfer as Data Augmentation for Improving COVID-19 Diagnosis Classification
Authors: Hernandez-Cruz Netzahualcoyotl , Cato David , Favela Jesus 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has accounted for millions of causalities. While it affects not only individuals but also our collective healthcare and economic systems, testing is insufficient and costly hampering efforts to deal with the pandemic. Chest X-rays are routine radiographic imaging tests that are used for the diagnosis of respiratory conditions such as pneumonia and COVID-19. Convolutional neural networks have shown promise to be effective at classifying X-rays for assisting diagnosis of conditions; however, achieving robust performance demanded in most modern medical applications typically requires a large number of samples. While there exist datasets containing thousands of X-ray images of patients with healthy and pneumonia diagnoses, because COVID-19 is such a recent phenomenon, there are relatively few confirmed COVID-19 positive chest X-rays openly available to the research community. In this paper, we demonstrate the effectiveness of cycle-generative adversarial network, commonly used for neural style transfer, as a way to augment COVID-19 negative X-ray images to look like COVID-19 positive images for increasing the number of COVID-19 positive training samples. The statistical results show an increase in the mean macro f1-score over 21% on a one-tailed t score = 2.68 and p value = 0.01 to accept our alternative hypothesis for an $$\alpha = 0.05$$

α
=
0.05

. We conclude that this approach, when used in conjunction with standard transfer learning techniques, is effective at improving the performance of COVID-19 classifiers for a variety of common convolutional neural networks.
Effect of fish paste products, fish balls ‘tsumire’, intake in Sprague–Dawley rats
Authors: Kadokura Kazunari , Tomita Tsuyoshi , Suruga Kohei 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The fish paste product, fish balls ‘tsumire’, is a traditional type of Japanese food made from minced fish as well as imitation crab, kamaboko and hanpen. Although tsumire is known as a high-protein and low-fat food, there is a lack of scientific evidence on its health benefits. Hence, we aimed to investigate the effects of tsumire intake on organ weight and biomarker levels in Sprague–Dawley rats for 84 d as a preliminary study. Six-week-old male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into two groups: group I, fed normal diets, and group II, fed normal diets with 5 % dried tsumire. Throughout the administration period, we monitored their body weight and food intake; at the end of this period, we measured their organ weight and analysed their blood biochemistry. No significant differences were observed with respect to body weight, food intake, organ weight and many biochemical parameters between the two groups. It was found that inorganic phosphorus and glucose levels were higher in group II rats than in group I rats. On the other hand, sodium, calcium, amylase and cholinesterase levels were significantly lower in group II than in group I. Interestingly, we found that the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase and leucine aminopeptidase in group II were significantly lower than in group I, and that other liver function parameters of group II tended to be lower than in group I. In conclusion, we consider that the Japanese traditional food, ‘tsumire,’ may be effective as a functional food for human health management worldwide.
THE RUDIN–KEISLER ORDERING OF P-POINTS UNDER 𝔟 = 𝔠
Authors: STAROSOLSKI ANDRZEJ 
Published: August 2021

AbstractM. E. Rudin (1971) proved, under CH, that for each P-point p there exists a P-point q strictly RK-greater than p. This result was proved under
${\mathfrak {p}= \mathfrak {c}}$
by A. Blass (1973), who also showed that each RK-increasing
$ \omega $
-sequence of P-points is upper bounded by a P-point, and that there is an order embedding of the real line into the class of P-points with respect to the RK-ordering. In this paper, the results cited above are proved under the (weaker) assumption that
$\mathfrak { b}=\mathfrak {c}$
. A. Blass asked in 1973 which ordinals can be embedded in the set of P-points, and pointed out that such an ordinal cannot be greater than
$ \mathfrak {c}^{+}$
. In this paper it is proved, under
$\mathfrak {b}=\mathfrak {c}$
, that for each ordinal
$\alpha < \mathfrak {c}^{+}$
, there is an order embedding of
$ \alpha $
into P-points. It is also proved, under
$\mathfrak {b}=\mathfrak {c}$
, that there is an embedding of the long line into P-points.
IN INNER MODELS WITH WOODIN CARDINALS
Authors: MÜLLER SANDRA , SARGSYAN GRIGOR 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe analyze the hereditarily ordinal definable sets
$\operatorname {HOD} $
in
$M_n(x)[g]$
for a Turing cone of reals x, where
$M_n(x)$
is the canonical inner model with n Woodin cardinals build over x and g is generic over
$M_n(x)$
for the Lévy collapse up to its bottom inaccessible cardinal. We prove that assuming
$\boldsymbol \Pi ^1_{n+2}$
-determinacy, for a Turing cone of reals x,
$\operatorname {HOD} ^{M_n(x)[g]} = M_n(\mathcal {M}_{\infty } | \kappa _{\infty }, \Lambda ),$
where
$\mathcal {M}_{\infty }$
is a direct limit of iterates of
$M_{n+1}$
,
$\delta _{\infty }$
is the least Woodin cardinal in
$\mathcal {M}_{\infty }$
,
$\kappa _{\infty }$
is the least inaccessible cardinal in
$\mathcal {M}_{\infty }$
above
$\delta _{\infty }$
, and
$\Lambda $
is a partial iteration strategy for
$\mathcal {M}_{\infty }$
. It will also be shown that under the same hypothesis
$\operatorname {HOD}^{M_n(x)[g]} $
satisfies
$\operatorname {GCH} $
.
ON -HOMOGENEOUS, BUT NOT -TRANSITIVE PERMUTATION GROUPS
Authors: SHELAH SAHARON , SOUKUP LAJOS 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA permutation group G on a set A is
${\kappa }$
-homogeneous iff for all
$X,Y\in \bigl [ {A} \bigr ]^ {\kappa } $
with
$|A\setminus X|=|A\setminus Y|=|A|$
there is a
$g\in G$
with
$g[X]=Y$
. G is
${\kappa }$
-transitive iff for any injective function f with
$\operatorname {dom}(f)\cup \operatorname {ran}(f)\in \bigl [ {A} \bigr ]^ {\le {\kappa }} $
and
$|A\setminus \operatorname {dom}(f)|=|A\setminus \operatorname {ran}(f)|=|A|$
there is a
$g\in G$
with
$f\subset g$
.Giving a partial answer to a question of P. M. Neumann [6] we show that there is an
${\omega }$
-homogeneous but not
${\omega }$
-transitive permutation group on a cardinal
${\lambda }$
provided (i)
${\lambda }<{\omega }_{\omega }$
, or(ii)
$2^{\omega }<{\lambda }$
, and
${\mu }^{\omega }={\mu }^+$
and
$\Box _{\mu }$
hold for each
${\mu }\le {\lambda }$
with
${\omega }=\operatorname {cf}({\mu })<{{\mu }}$
, or(iii)our model was obtained by adding
$(2^{\omega })^+$
many Cohen generic reals to some ground model.For
${\kappa }>{\omega }$
we give a method to construct large
${\kappa }$
-homogeneous, but not
${\kappa }$
-transitive permutation groups. Using this method we show that there exist
${\kappa }^+$
-homogeneous, but not
${\kappa }^+$
-transitive permutation groups on
${\kappa }^{+n}$
for each infinite cardinal
${\kappa }$
and natural number
$n\ge 1$
provided
$V=L$
.
Children and adolescents with ADHD followed up to adulthood: a systematic review of long-term outcomes
Authors: Di Lorenzo Rosaria , Balducci Jessica , Poppi Chiara , Arcolin Elisa , Cutino Anna , Ferri Paola , D’Amico Roberto , Filippini Tommaso 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe objective is to highlight the clinical and social outcomes among adults who suffered from Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in their childhood/adolescence. PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus databases were searched for prospective studies published during the last 5 years addressing patients with ADHD in childhood/adolescence followed-up to adulthood. We also included studies published before 2015 reported in other reviews with similar outcomes. Thousand four-hundred and eighty-five studies were identified, but only 39 were included for qualitative analysis and 27 for quantitative analysis. Overall, we found that ADHD persisted into adulthood with a mean rate of 43% and was mainly associated with both substance/alcohol use disorders and antisocial behavior and, less frequently, with anxiety and depressive disorders. The prevalence of persistent ADHD in adulthood reported by studies published after 2011 (55%) was higher than that reported by studies published previously from 1985 to 2011 (34%), suggesting a greater focus on ADHD in recent years. Our results highlight that ADHD can be considered not only a neurodevelopmental disorder, but also a persistent and complex condition, with detrimental consequences for quality of life in adulthood.
The Arbitrage Lobby: Theory and Evidence on Dual Exchange Rates
Authors: Gulotty Robert , Kronick Dorothy 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFoundational theories of trade politics emphasize a conflict between consumer welfare and protectionist lobbies. But these theories ignore other powerful lobbies that also shape trade policy. We propose a theory of trade distortion arising from conflict between consumer welfare and importer lobbies. We estimate the key parameter of the model—the government's weight on welfare—using original data from Venezuela, where Hugo Chávez used an exchange-rate subsidy to underwrite hundreds of billions of dollars of imports. Whereas estimates from traditional models would make Chávez look like a welfare maximizer, our results indicate that he implemented distortionary commercial policy to the benefit of special interests. Our analysis underscores the importance of tailoring workhorse models to account for differences in interest group configuration. The politics of trade policy is not reducible to the politics of protectionism.