bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of the thickness and porosity of the oxide coating on the piston heads depending on the parameters of the microarc oxidation mode
Authors: Khokhlov A , Maryin D , Molochnikov D , Khokhlov A , Gayaziev I , Smirnova O 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper discusses the process of formation of an oxide coating (hardening and heat-insulating coating) on the working surfaces of the head (top and piston grooves) of the piston by the method of microarc oxidation (MAO). In the process of oxidation of the piston head, the operating parameters of MAO will have a significant effect on the thickness and porosity of a formed oxide coating. The paper presents the theoretical relationships between the electrical parameters of the microarc oxidation mode and the thickness and porosity of the oxide coating. The thickness of the formed oxide coating on the piston heads will depend on the applied voltage and the composition of the electrolyte used. The porosity of the formed oxide coating will depend on the parameters of the current strength and the applied voltage. It is theoretically established that the formation of an oxide coating of a certain thickness and porosity occurs due to changes in the current strength, voltage and time of microarc oxidation.
Analysis of the use of paint coatings to protect the hull from corrosion
Authors: Lebedev O , Menzilova M , Burmistrov E 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The most common and reliable method of protecting a ship’s hull from corrosion is paint coatings. Paint coatings can be used to paint products of any size. In case of complete or partial destruction, the paintwork can be easily restored by tinting or completely repainting the surface. Paints and varnishes are easily combined with other methods of corrosion protection. The use of paint coatings is more economical in comparison with other types of corrosion protection. Therefore, it is currently the most common method of protecting ship hulls. In order to determine the quality, the experimental studies of various paints and varnishes were carried out. Experimental prototypes were made. The effect of low temperatures and the effect of an impending water flow on paint and coatings were considered. The main conclusions were drawn from the results of the experiments. For long-term protection from the external environment, it is necessary that the coating film should maintain high adhesion to the surface maintain continuous, have minimal water absorption, devoid of pores and be solid. Samples with a two-layer and three-layer coating of Jotun paint have the best adhesion. Satisfactory results were also obtained on samples with a three-layer coating of XC-436 enamel and with a two-layer coating of stone red.
Synthesis of highly stable dual-site immobilized ruthenium olefin metathesis catalyst without ru leaching
Authors: Zhao Huanhuan , Zhang Yanwu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The tri-block copolymer is used as a carrier to simultaneously immobilize the N-heterocyclic and benzylidene ligands precursor of the Ru-based catalyst to form a dual-site immobilized catalyst. The dual-site immobilized catalyst can catalyze ring-opening metathesis polymerization, ring-closing metathesis and self-metathesis. The dual-site immobilized catalyst shows good heterogeneity in dichloromethane, which simplifies the purification of product and recovery of catalyst. The dual-site immobilized catalyst exhibits excellent activity and recycling performance. The excellent recyclability can be attributed to the capture of ruthenium by the excess ligands precursor on carrier. Importantly, ruthenium residues are not detected in product.
The simplified approach to numerical modeling of polyurethane foam shock absorbers of complex structure: determination of effective mechanical properties and preparation of mathematical models of a homogenized material
Authors: Semenov A , Smirnov A , Stepanov M , Kharaldin N , Borovkov A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The first part of this paper is devoted to modeling foam taking into account the effect of strain rate on material behavior in the LS-Dyna software package for solving dynamic problems in a wide range of speeds. The MAT_083 material model was used, which analyzes the stress-strain state considering the dependence on the strain rate. The process of adaptation of experimental data for use in the MAT_083 material model is described. The second part of this study touches upon the homogenization of the properties of a shock absorber consisting of SKU-PFL-100 polyurethane (the modeling approach is described in the previous article) and polyurethane foam, the model of which is described in the first part of this paper. Homogenization of the shock absorber is carried out in order to reduce the number of elements in the problem and, accordingly, to improve the calculation performance. The stress-strain curves obtained during the compression of a shock absorber are used in the material MAT_083.
The process of forming welded joints by high-voltage capacitor welding
Authors: Nescoromniy S , Strizhakov E 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The article substantiates the relevance of obtaining welded joints from dissimilar alloys with minimizing the processes responsible for the formation of intermetallic joints by using high-voltage capacitor welding with an induction-dynamic drive. A schematic diagram of high-voltage capacitor welding is given, the physical nature of the work is described. The parts to be welded are connected in series to an electric circuit and an inductor, which is a feature of this method. The physical processes and stages of high-voltage capacitor welding with an induction-dynamic drive are described. Comparison and analysis of high-speed photographic recording with oscillograms of current and voltage is carried out. The presence of an inductive resistance in the discharge circuit shifts the discharge current relative to the voltage. Confirmation of the hypothesis of formation of welded joints in the solid phase is based on the analysis of welded joints by scanning electron microscopy. Energy dispersive analysis of the welded joint zone did not reveal the diffusion of zinc into the AlMg2.5 alloy and magnesium into the B63 alloy. Energy dispersive analysis confirmed the assumption about the formation of a welded joint under conditions of wetting of molten metal by a pulsed electric arc, followed by displacement from the joint zone and plastic deformation of the heated metal. Recommendations are given for taking into account the polarity in high-voltage capacitor welding, depending on the thickness of the thinnest element.
Constructive and technological method of increasing durability of “choke connections”
Authors: Lyudmirskii Y G , Assaulenko S S , Ageev S O 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Welded circular seams of “choke joints”, as a rule, have deviations from the specified diameter. This leads to uneven deformation, and sometimes to the absence of deformations in some areas of the seam. With repeated static loads, destruction arises in these places. To connect to the maintenance system of connections with the base metal, used as a guide, surface plastic deformation of the zone zone is carried out. A technology and equipment have been developed that allow plastically deforming the area of transition from the weld to the base metal along the entire length of the circular weld. As a result of plastic deformation along the technological groove, the characteristics of low-cycle fatigue of welded joints are obtained, which are not inferior to the base metal. To reduce stresses in the zone of transition from the weld to the base metal, it is proposed, first, to perform a circular groove on the base metal by machining, as close as possible to the specified zone. To assess the influence of the shape and size of the groove on the stress-strain state of the zone of conjugation of the weld metal with the base metal, FEM calculations were carried out
Information supply of expert system for assessing operating modes and technical condition of electrical equipment
Authors: Prosyannikov B N , Sukiyazov A G , Shvalov D V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The article discusses the issues of information and algorithmic support of the expert system for assessing the operating modes and technical condition of electrical equipment. The peculiarities of the considered diagnostic method is the analysis of diagrams that are highly sensitive to insignificant deviations of the values of the signal parameters (current consumption) from the reference values, as well as stability during the analysis period. The results of computer modeling and experimental research of electrical equipment are described in order to obtain a set of reference diagrams. The possibility of using the method in intelligent systems of electrical equipment real-time monitoring is shown.
Locomotive asynchronous traction motor rolling bearing fault detection based on current intelligent methods
Authors: Khamidov O R , Grishchenko A V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The paper is devoted to current issues of locomotive asynchronous traction motor (ATEM) fault detection using neural networks. Developed sophisticated intelligent methods for monitoring and inspecting the technical condition of ATE bearings. Current absorption spectra are analysed to assess the technical condition of the induction bearing units. The mechanical vibration frequencies of a squirrel cage induction motor are presented. The method of artificial neural networks which are universal approximators and can effectively and efficiently solve problems of monitoring and diagnostics of technical condition of locomotive induction traction motors is applied. A neural network model and framework for monitoring the technical condition of ATED bearings has been developed. They are based on rules and user-provided facts to recognise the situation, make a diagnosis, formulate a solution or make a recommendation. The main failures of the bearing units of squirrel cage ATED are analysed. A methodology has been developed to build a neural network model of the ATED. The structure and architecture of the artificial neural network is defined. An experimental research has been conducted. The results enable the determination of bearing faults in asynchronous traction motors with squirrel cage rotor.
Improving the energy efficiency of electric drives for auxiliary units of traction rolling stock
Authors: Titova T S , Evstaf’ev A M , Pugachev A A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The review of technical solutions and schematic characteristics of auxiliary drives for traction vehicles has shown that the most rational variant is an electric drive with an induction machine. Given the operating modes of the auxiliary drives and the share of their power consumption in the total locomotive power, the task of using scalar control systems for induction machines becomes relevant. Based on a mathematical model describing the dynamic energy conversion processes in the T-shape substitution circuit of an induction motor, taking into account stator steel losses and current displacement effects in the rotor winding and saturation along the main magnetic path, possibilities for reducing stator current have been investigated. In order to improve the energy efficiency of electric drives two variants of control system have been proposed. One based on search method of self-tuning to the stator current minimum and the other - on maintaining the power factor of induction motor at the level that ensures equality of active and reactive components of stator current. The hardware and software requirements for implementing control systems have been analysed. Modelling using Matlab has shown that both control systems work - power loss reduction can be as low as 50% and as high as 60% in certain modes.
Effect of electrolytes with multicharged cations on the strength of stone made of a modified mixed air binder
Authors: Shangina N N , Safonova T Y 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The possibility of obtaining mixed air binder of high strength and water resistance by using active mineral additives has been considered. In this work, the gypsum binder has been replaced by a combination of hydrated lime with active additives - metakaolin and granulated slag. The ratio effect of the silica component to the binder on the compressive strength of the stone was studied. According to the results of X-ray phase analysis, the presence of tobermorite-like calcium hydrosilicates and the absence of hydrate lime phase were diagnosed in the stone. The influence of electrolyte additives - salts with three-charged cations - on stone hardening kinetics is shown. Increase in the compressive strength of 28-day-old stone from the modified mixed air binder by 5% with the introduction of 1% of the binder mass aluminum sulfate in the mixing water was established. The use of FeCl3
solution for mixing the modified mixed air binder leads to a decrease in the compressive strength of the 28-day-old stone. The mixing of the modified mixed air binder with Al2(SO4)3
solution reduces the time of setting.
Processing of quasi-equidistant surfaces with the detection of the dependence of the roughness parameters on the tool pitch in the cam system
Authors: Tatarnikov N , Patrin A , Asaev A , Sokolovskiy K 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article discusses the basic principles of generating a tool path when processing quasi-equidistant surfaces. The review and analysis of the origin of the automation of technological preparation of production in the world is carried out. The concept of integrated automated production is revealed. Considered are the leading enterprises that were among the first to introduce computer-aided design systems. The article discusses technologies for processing complex surfaces with the maximum removal of the metal layer from the work piece, with the maximum approximation to the given shape. The types of complex spherical surfaces have been identified, the processing of which is a complex technological process that requires a high level of qualifications of a specialist and expensive equipment. Before the introduction of automated machine control, such types of complex surfaces were almost impossible to process, the geometry was only close to the real one. Here we consider a modern CAM-system, which is a complex software package. Over the past decade, several generations of CAM systems have changed. When forming the tool path, it is possible to use the functions of their viewing and editing. In most cases, the system automatically generates the tool path based on the cutting geometry and machining parameters. The authors proposed a method for creating a machining path in the NX CAM environment. In this work, the optimal trajectory of the tool movement is determined, the cutting pattern is selected for processing quasi-equidistant surfaces, the cutting modes, the cutting tool, and the overlap step between passes are determined.
Mathematical modelling of joint reliability indicators taking into account complex formation of surface quality metrics and physical and mechanical properties of functional surface materials
Authors: Polsky E A , Sorokin S V , Shemenkov V M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The article deals with the problems of engineering support of the main indicators of reliability (durability) for the shape elements of molds. The influence of geometric, physico-mechanical, and physico-chemical parameters of surface quality on the formation of the required service characteristics of mating parts that ensure the established operating time of the product for failure is studied. The results of the influence of ion-plasma treatment on the structure and phase composition are presented: 1.2344 and 1.2379 tool steels (DIN). It is evaluated that the glow discharge treatment leads to the erosion of the fingerprints, appearing in the process of nitriding of this type of steel and it also causes thickening of defects in the matrix phase α-Fe together with fine grading CrN, as well as the dispersion of carbide inclusions and their uniform distribution in the surface layer to a depth of up to 80 microns, resulting in the increase of the microhardness of the surface by 15 - 18 %.
Modeling metal removal from workpiece surface during centrifugal rotation processing
Authors: Van Tho N , Soloviev A , Tamarkin M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The modeling and analysis the removal of metal process in centrifugal rotational processing of workpiece in abrasive medium are considered in this article. The single contact interaction process between abrasive particle and the workpiece surface is researched through three-dimensional modeling taking into account dry coefficient of friction. The contact interaction problem is solved through Ansys software and Archard code programmed to analyze the data. The removal of metal from the workpiece surface is researched when changing the technological parameters: friction coefficient, machining time, speed. The dependences between metal removal from the workpiece surface and technological parameters are constructed, from which reasonable parameters can be selected when machining the workpiece, allowing to achieve high accuracy. Experimental results have been confirmed by simulation results. Through this research, essential and important data sheets will be provided for actual production and testing activities. Consequently, time and money are saved in achieving the desired surface quality.
Use of instrumental variables methods in trajectory measurements’ problems
Authors: Krylov V , Tolstikov A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Possibilities of theinstrumental variables method using to improve the matrix properties of algebraic equations system are shown in the article. The problem of trajectory measurements from a network of ground-based, no-demand measuring stations using GLONASS navigation satellites is considered. The need to increase information content of trajectory measurements is especially important for trajectory measurements in the southern hemisphere of the Earth with a small number of measuring stations. The numerical experiment results with the simulation modeling use of trajectory measurements of the navigation satellite movement from two and three request-free measuring stations with geometric constraints are presented. The possibility of the measurements’ information content increasing from such base stations using the instrumental variables method is shown. Comparison of an indicator of the trajectory measurements informativenessis made according to the degree of the matrix conditionality of the algebraic equations system being solved. Based on the numerical experiment results, it isconsidered thepossibility to increase the information content of trajectory measurements from a network of non-query measuring stations with geometric constraints, with the instrumental variables involvement in the method processing. A quantitative estimate of the increase in information content was obtained in the form of a decrease in the condition number of the system matrix being solved by more than one order of magnitude. In the future, the research is predicted on the possibility of the trajectory measurements informativeness increasing for various basic functions used as instrumental variables, and their effect on the geometric constraints reducing an uneven network of measuring stations.
Recording of the ship’s motion in operation on irregular waves and its processing
Authors: Sichkarev V I , Umrikhin P V , Pominov A G 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The safety of the ship state during the voyage is ensured, among other things, by monitoring the state of the ship’s stability. A device for measuring the parameters of the ship’s motion and software for discrete motion recording into a computer have been developed in Siberian State University of Water Transport. With the use of the device, a full-scale experiment to record the motion of the motor ship “Grumant” during an operational voyage has been carried out. For this, the half-periods of rolling and their amplitudes are obtained. Amplitude-half-period distribution of rolling has been built. According to the maximum probability, the half-period of its own roll has been found from it, which makes it possible to assess the stability state of the vessel during the voyage. The spectrum of motion and rolling dispersion has been obtained. If it is possible to obtain objective information about the actual wave spectrum, this opens the way to obtaining the amplitude-frequency characteristic of the motion based on the Wiener- Khinchin theorem. This task is set as a priority for the development of research in this area with the prospect of optimizing vessel navigation in difficult hydrometeorological conditions.
Application of functional coatings by supersonic thermal plasma flows
Authors: Kuzmin V I , Gulyaev I P , Sergachev D V , Palagushkin B V , Lebedev O Y 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Development of modern high-speed technologies for thermal spraying proves that deposition of high-quality dense coatings requires velocity of sprayed particles to be 600 m/s and above. Plasma spraying is the most versatile and highly productive deposition method of various functional coatings without any limitations on the melting points of the sprayed materials. Present work describes a DC plasma torch designed for operation in a supersonic mode. The supersonic plasma torch features de Laval nozzle, utilization of air as a plasma-forming gas, and annular injection unit for delivery of the powder to the plasma jet. The comparison of NiCr and NiAl coatings deposited both in subsonic and supersonic modes are presented. Methods for further increasing the sprayed particles’velocity and the requirements for their heating temperature are proposed.
Conversion of the wavelength distribution to the energy spectrum of the wave
Authors: Sichkarev V I , Palagushkin B V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
When designing a vessel, spectral calculating methods of wave induced oscillation are used, and during vessel operation, available technical means allow us to obtain only the pitch spectrum. For a complete solution of navigational tasks, it is necessary to have a wave disturbance spectrum and pitch amplitude-frequency characteristic as well. The latter function can be received in sailing, if obtaining the actual wave disturbance spectrum is possible. The lack of available and sufficiently accurate methods of actual wave disturbance assessment in modern navigation creates the need to use statistical mathematical models in addition to available information in order to connect various wave elements. Taking into account the possibility of obtaining the wavelength distribution from the wave field radar image, a hypothesis is formulated about the possibility of using a statistical mathematical connection between the wind wave lengths and heights. Within the proposed hypothesis, an algorithm is presented for converting the actual wavelength probability distribution obtained from wave field radar images into the disturbance frequency spectrum. The conclusion is made about possible application of the hypothesis in pitch transfer function assessment.