bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydropower‐driven thermal changes, biological responses and mitigating measures in northern river systems
Authors: Heggenes Jan , Stickler Morten , Alfredsen Knut , Brittain John E. , Adeva‐Bustos Ana , Huusko Ari 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWater temperatures control life histories and diversity of aquatic species. Hydropower regulation, particularly in high head systems, alters natural water temperature regimes, which may have profound and long‐term impacts on aquatic environments. Temperatures in by‐pass sections and reaches affected by residual/environmental minimum flows fluctuate more than in natural flow regimes, driven more by influence of air temperatures. Reaches downstream of power plant outlets tend to become warmer in winter and colder in summer, driven by stratification behind the reservoir dam. In hydro‐peaked systems high‐low temperature effects may thus be aggravated. We review alterations of hydropower to natural thermal regimes, impacts on key organisms in terms of survival, development and behavioral thresholds, and potential mitigation measures, with focus on Atlantic salmon and brown trout in high northern latitude stream systems. Previous syntheses have focused mainly on flow changes and ecological impacts. Temperature effects may not always be correlated with flow changes, although there are some unique challenges with temperature changes in far northern latitudes, for example, related to the seasonal and colder climates. To help knowledge‐based management and identify potential knowledge gaps, we review how hydropower regulation may impact seasonal water temperatures, what impacts changes to stream system temperature regimes may have to key organisms, for example, Atlantic salmon and brown trout, and what adaptations and behavioral variations they may exhibit to respond to changed temperature regimes, and finally what good practices can be recommended for mitigating temperature impacts. This synthesis indicates that there are impacts to the fish and their supporting food webs, in particular related to growth and development, and the potential for negative impacts seems higher, and better studied, than positive impacts in northern river systems. Some of these impacts may be modified by directed hydropower regulation practices, but here effect studies and knowledge are limited.
Hydrogen Evolution and Oxygen Reduction Reactions in Acidic Media Catalyzed by Pd4S Decorated N/S Doped Carbon Derived from Pd Coordination Polymer
Authors: Huang Yuanhui , Seo Kyeong‐Deok , Park Deog‐Su , Park Hyun , Shim Yoon‐Bo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe template‐free synthesis and the characterization of an active electrocatalyst are performed for both the hydrogen evolution and oxygen reduction reactions in acidic media. In this work, the unique chelation mode of benzene‐1,4‐dithiocarboxamide (BDCA) is first used to synthesize a novel palladium‐BDCA coordination polymer (PdBDCA) as a precursor of palladium sulfide nanoparticles‐decorated nitrogen and sulfur doped carbon (Pd4S‐SNC). The newly synthesized PdBDCA and Pd4S‐SNC nanoparticles are characterized using chemical, electrochemical, and surface analysis methods. Notably, the nanoparticles obtained at 700 °C exhibit the remarkable catalytic property for the hydrogen evolution reaction in 0.5 m H2SO4, showing the overpotential of 32 mV (vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)) and Tafel slope of 52 mV dec−1, which are comparable to that of Pt/C. The catalyst also shows a high oxygen reduction activity, offering the half‐wave and onset potentials of 0.92 and 0.77 V (vs RHE) in 0.5 m H2SO4, with improved methanol tolerance and long‐term stability compared with Pt/C. The present study gives a way for the design of excellent electrocatalyst for the energy conversion devices in the corrosive acidic environment.
Phosphorus Ligands in Hydroformylation and Hydrogenation: A Personal Account
Authors: Tewari Tanuja , Kumar Rohit , Chandanshive Amol C. , Chikkali Samir H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMetal‐catalyzed hydroformylation and hydrogenation heavily rely on ligands, among which phosphorous ligands play a pivotal role. This personal account presents a selection of three distinct classes of phosphorous ligands, namely, monodentate meta‐substituted phosphinites, bis‐phosphites, and P‐chiral supramolecular phosphines, developed in our group. The synthesis of these ligands, isolation, characterization, and their performance in transition metal‐catalyzed hydroformylation, isomerizing hydroformylation, and asymmetric hydrogenation of olefins is summarized. The state of the art development in iron‐catalyzed hydroformylation of alkenes and our contributions to the field is discussed. Use of phosphines enabled iron‐catalyzed hydroformylation of alkenes under mild conditions. Thus, this account demonstrates the central role of phosphorus ligands in industrially relevant transformations such as hydrogenation and hydroformylation. The seemingly matured field of ligand discovery still holds significant potential and will steer the field of homogeneous catalysis.
Nanoporous Gold for Energy Applications
Authors: Kim Sang Hoon 
Published: March 2021

AbstractResearch activities using nanoporous gold (NPG) were reviewed in the field of energy applications in three categories: fuel cells, supercapacitors, and batteries. First, applications to fuel cells are reviewed with the subsections of proof‐of‐concept studies, studies on fuel oxidations at anode, and studies on oxygen reduction reactions at cathode. Second, applications to supercapacitors are reviewed from research activities on active materials/NPG composites to demonstrations of all‐solid‐state flexible supercapacitors using NPG electrodes. Third, research activities using NPG for battery applications are reviewed, mainly about fundamental studies on Li‐air and Na‐air batteries and some model studies on improving Li ion battery anodes. Although NPG based studies are the main subject of this review, some of meaningful studies using nanoporous metals are also discussed where relevant. Finally, summary and future outlook are given based on the survey on the research activities.
CircKDM4C upregulates P53 by sponging hsa‐let‐7b‐5p to induce ferroptosis in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Dong Li‐hua , Huang Jing‐jing , Zu Peng , Liu Jing , Gao Xue , Du Jian‐wei , Li Yu‐fu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo investigate the role of circKDM4C in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the expression of circKDM4C, hsa‐let‐7b‐5p, and P53 was measured by qRT‐RCR. AML cell lines(K‐562 and HL‐60) were transfected correspondingly and investigated for cell proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities by CCK‐8, colony formation, transwell, and wound healing assays, respectively. The levels of P53, ACSL4, PTGS2, GPX4, and FTH1 in the K‐562, and HL‐60 cells were measured by western blotting. Also, circKDM4C mediated regulation of ferroptosis was studied. The Phen Green SK probe and confocal laser scanning microscope were used to assess the cellular iron levels. The reactive oxygen species levels were analyzed by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting using the C11‐BODIPY probe. Bioinformatics analysis predicted the putative binding sites among circKDM4C, hsa‐let‐7b‐5p, and P53. These were verified using the dual‐luciferase reporter assay, RNA pull‐down, and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. Finally, in vitro findings were also verified in vivo using the nude mice. CircKDM4C was significantly down‐regulated in AML patients. The overexpression of circKDM4C in AML cell lines inhibited the cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and promoted ferroptosis. We found that circKDM4C acts as a sponge of hsa‐let‐7b‐5p and thereby regulates p53 which is a target gene of hsa‐let‐7b‐5p. Also, the expression of circKDM4C and hsa‐let‐7b‐5p are negatively correlated, while circKDM4C and p53 are positively correlated to AML patients. Moreover, we found that circKDM4C induces ferroptosis by sponging hsa‐let‐7b‐5p which upregulates the expression of P53. This work emphasizes the role of circKDM4C in AML patients, which could be explored for the therapeutic role.
Gator: A Python‐driven program for spectroscopy simulations using correlated wave functions
Authors: Rehn Dirk R. , Rinkevicius Zilvinas , Herbst Michael F. , Li Xin , Scheurer Maximilian , Brand Manuel , Dempwolff Adrian L. , Brumboiu Iulia E. , Fransson Thomas , Dreuw Andreas , Norman Patrick 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Gator program has been developed for computational spectroscopy and calculations of molecular properties using real and complex propagators at the correlated level of wave function theory. Currently, the focus lies on methods based on the algebraic diagrammatic construction (ADC) scheme up to the third order of perturbation theory. An auxiliary Fock matrix‐driven implementation of the second‐order ADC method for excitation energies has been realized with an underlying hybrid MPI/OpenMP parallelization scheme suitable for execution in high‐performance computing cluster environments. With a modular and object‐oriented program structure written in a Python/C++ layered fashion, Gator additionally enables time‐efficient prototyping of novel scientific approaches, as well as interactive notebook‐driven training of students in quantum chemistry.This article is categorized under:
Computer and Information Science > Computer Algorithms and Programming
Electronic Structure Theory > Ab Initio Electronic Structure Methods
Software > Quantum Chemistry
Enumerating White‐Tailed Deer Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Authors: Preston Todd M. , Wildhaber Mark L. , Green Nicholas S. , Albers Janice L. , Debenedetto Geoffrey P. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTThe white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) is an ecologically important species in forests of North America. Effective management of forests requires accurate, precise estimates of deer population abundance to plan and justify management actions. Spotlight surveys in combination with distance sampling are a common method of estimating deer population abundance; however, spotlight surveys are known to have serious drawbacks such as high costs and sampling biases. Therefore, we tested the effectiveness of enumerating deer from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) flights, conducted 1 and 6 March 2018, to develop population and density estimates in 2 United States National Parks: Harpers Ferry National Historic Park (HAFE) and Monocacy National Battlefield (MONO). Concurrent spotlight surveys at MONO enabled us to compare estimates obtained by the 2 methods. Deer density estimates by 4 observers of UAV‐obtained thermal imagery from HAFE were 94.5 ± 3.9 deer/km2. Concurrent UAV and spotlight surveys at MONO found 19.7 ± 0.5 deer/km2and 6.4 ± 4.9 deer/km2, respectively; suggesting that spotlight surveys may significantly underestimate deer densities. Despite the logistical challenges to UAV operation, our findings demonstrate that UAVs will become an invaluable tool for wildlife management as technology improves. © 2021 The Wildlife Society. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Spatially Explicit Habitat Models for Prairie Grouse: Implications for Improved Population Monitoring and Targeted Conservation
Authors: Runia Travis J. , Solem Alex J. , Niemuth Neal D. , Barnes Kevin W. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTWe collaboratively designed and implemented a pilot study to evaluate improved methods for estimating the distribution and abundance of prairie grouse in South Dakota and North Dakota. Current prairie grouse population monitoring in both states relies on annual surveys of male birds on leks within designated survey blocks. Although the survey results may give insight into local populations, they have limited utility in estimating statewide abundances or trends because survey blocks are often non‐random, biased toward high quality habitat, and lack adequate spatial coverage. To improve upon current methods, we surveyed male prairie grouse on 865 randomly selected Public Land Survey Sections from 2010–2016, then developed habitat‐based spatially explicit occurrence and density models, which we then applied to the universe of environmental predictors to create spatial maps. Our results were consistent with prairie grouse biology, showing strong selection for grasslands and avoidance of developed areas. We demonstrate how our approach provides several avenues to estimate relative abundance of males with confidence limits, along with suggestions to improve estimates. In addition to providing insight into broad‐scale habitat selection, spatially explicit habitat models can be valuable tools for identifying and prioritizing areas for conservation treatments such as protection, restoration, or enhancement of habitat. We provide recommendations for future data collection and application of conservation treatments to improve prairie grouse population monitoring and conservation delivery across large landscapes. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Symmetries of $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = (1, 0) supergravity backgrounds in six dimensions
Authors: Kuzenko Sergei M. , Lindström Ulf , Raptakis Emmanouil S. N. , Tartaglino-Mazzucchelli Gabriele 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
General $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (1, 0) supergravity-matter systems in six dimensions may be described using one of the two fully fledged superspace formulations for conformal supergravity: (i) SU(2) superspace; and (ii) conformal superspace. With motivation to develop rigid supersymmetric field theories in curved space, this paper is devoted to the study of the geometric symmetries of supergravity backgrounds. In particular, we introduce the notion of a conformal Killing spinor superfield ϵα, which proves to generate extended superconformal transformations. Among its cousins are the conformal Killing vector ξa and tensor ζa(n) superfields. The former parametrise conformal isometries of supergravity backgrounds, which in turn yield symmetries of every superconformal field theory. Meanwhile, the conformal Killing tensors of a given background are associated with higher symmetries of the hypermultiplet. By studying the higher symmetries of a non-conformal vector multiplet we introduce the concept of a Killing tensor superfield. We also analyse the problem of computing higher symmetries for the conformal d’Alembertian in curved space and demonstrate that, beyond the first-order case, these operators are defined only on a limited class of backgrounds, including all conformally flat ones.
Direct detection of atomic dark matter in white dwarfs
Authors: Curtin David , Setford Jack 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Dark matter could have a dissipative asymmetric subcomponent in the form of atomic dark matter (aDM). This arises in many scenarios of dark complexity, and is a prediction of neutral naturalness, such as the Mirror Twin Higgs model. We show for the first time how White Dwarf cooling provides strong bounds on aDM. In the presence of a small kinetic mixing between the dark and SM photon, stars are expected to accumulate atomic dark matter in their cores, which then radiates away energy in the form of dark photons. In the case of white dwarfs, this energy loss can have a detectable impact on their cooling rate. We use measurements of the white dwarf luminosity function to tightly constrain the kinetic mixing parameter between the dark and visible photons, for DM masses in the range 10−5–105 GeV, down to values of ϵ ∼ 10−12. Using this method we can constrain scenarios in which aDM constitutes fractions as small as 10−3 of the total dark matter density. Our methods are highly complementary to other methods of probing aDM, especially in scenarios where the aDM is arranged in a dark disk, which can make direct detection extremely difficult but actually slightly enhances our cooling constraints.
Tackling G × E × M interactions to close on-farm yield-gaps: creating novel pathways for crop improvement by predicting contributions of genetics and management to crop productivity
Authors: Cooper Mark , Voss-Fels Kai P. , Messina Carlos D. , Tang Tom , Hammer Graeme L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractKey messageClimate change and Genotype-by-Environment-by-Management interactions together challenge our strategies for crop improvement. Research to advance prediction methods for breeding and agronomy is opening new opportunities to tackle these challenges and overcome on-farm crop productivity yield-gaps through design of responsive crop improvement strategies.AbstractGenotype-by-Environment-by-Management (G × E × M) interactions underpin many aspects of crop productivity. An important question for crop improvement is “How can breeders and agronomists effectively explore the diverse opportunities within the high dimensionality of the complex G × E × M factorial to achieve sustainable improvements in crop productivity?” Whenever G × E × M interactions make important contributions to attainment of crop productivity, we should consider how to design crop improvement strategies that can explore the potential space of G × E × M possibilities, reveal the interesting Genotype–Management (G–M) technology opportunities for the Target Population of Environments (TPE), and enable the practical exploitation of the associated improved levels of crop productivity under on-farm conditions. Climate change adds additional layers of complexity and uncertainty to this challenge, by introducing directional changes in the environmental dimension of the G × E × M factorial. These directional changes have the potential to create further conditional changes in the contributions of the genetic and management dimensions to future crop productivity. Therefore, in the presence of G × E × M interactions and climate change, the challenge for both breeders and agronomists is to co-design new G–M technologies for a non-stationary TPE. Understanding these conditional changes in crop productivity through the relevant sciences for each dimension, Genotype, Environment, and Management, creates opportunities to predict novel G–M technology combinations suitable to achieve sustainable crop productivity and global food security targets for the likely climate change scenarios. Here we consider critical foundations required for any prediction framework that aims to move us from the current unprepared state of describing G × E × M outcomes to a future responsive state equipped to predict the crop productivity consequences of G–M technology combinations for the range of environmental conditions expected for a complex, non-stationary TPE under the influences of climate change.
Development and implementation processes of digitalization in engineer-to-order manufacturing: enablers and barriers
Authors: Thun Sylvi , Bakås Ottar , Storholmen Tore Christian Bjørsvik 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study seeks to gain knowledge about key conditions in the process of digitalization using a socio-technical systems design as a theoretical framework and a case-study approach. Semi-structured interviews with 15 relevant stakeholders are conducted to learn about barriers to and enablers of the development and implementation process in a manufacturing company. After conducting a thematic analysis, eight higher-ranked themes relevant to the digitalization process are identified. These are grouped to describe the overarching phenomena, resulting in four enablers (shared trust, shared visual understanding, shared user perspective, and shared learning) and four barriers (trusting the system, understanding benefits, perspective of economics, and learning to manage scope). The study takes a holistic view of digitalization in its investigation of the development and subsequent implementation processes. The findings contribute to the literature via three key takeaways for stakeholders of a digitalization process in manufacturing. First, it is vital to understand and strengthen the role of the key enablers identified in this paper. Second, managers should observe and identify barriers in their own organizations, related both to technical and social aspects. Third, some of the enablers described in this paper can serve managers as helpful tools to approach the expected barriers to digitalization. This paper also challenges the research literature by arguing that research conducted on digitalization that sets new standards and premises for the working life in industry needs to use up-to-date socio-technical design concepts and theories.
Onset of the wave turbulence description of the longtime behavior of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Buckmaster T. , Germain P. , Hani Z. , Shatah J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractConsider the cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation set on a d-dimensional torus, with data whose Fourier coefficients have phases which are uniformly distributed and independent. We show that, on average, the evolution of the moduli of the Fourier coefficients is governed by the so-called wave kinetic equation, predicted in wave turbulence theory, on a nontrivial timescale.
The Added Value of Technetium‐99 m Sestamibi Scan in Patients with Primary Hyperparathyroidism and Positive Ultrasound
Authors: Yalon T. , Neymark M. , Rottenberg A. , Appelbaum L. , Assaf D. , Kluger Y. , Mazeh H. , Mekel M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundNeck ultrasound (US) and Technetium‐99 m Sestamibi (MIBI) scan are the most commonly used imaging studies for preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas. The aim of this study was to determine the added value of MIBI scan and its effect on the operative plan via a hypothetical model where a stepwise approach is conducted and MIBI is considered only after the ultrasound is evaluated.MethodsPatients who underwent parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) between 2012 and 2019 at two tertiary centers were included. Data collected included demographic data, preoperative workup, operative findings and follow‐up. The added value of MIBI scans was determined for patients with positive ultrasound.ResultsA total of 513 patients with positive US result and a MIBI scan were included. If a stepwise approach was conducted then MIBI scan would not change the operative plan in 492 (95.9%). Among the remaining 21 patients, MIBI scan would correctly change the ultrasound‐based operative plan in only 12 (2.3%) patients, while incorrectly change the plan in 9 (1.8%), resulting in unnecessary exploration of the contralateral side. In patients with sonographic appearance of a parathyroid gland larger than 1.2 cm, MIBI scan would correctly change the operative plan in only 1 of the 287 (0.35%) patients.ConclusionsOur study suggests that the routine use of MIBI scans may have limited added value in patients with PHPT and a positive neck ultrasound, especially in those with adenoma size larger than 1.2 cm. Positive ultrasound alone may be sufficient for the preoperative localization of parathyroid disease.