bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Direct Vibration on the Activity of Deep Trunk Muscles of Patients with Non-specific Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Kim Nackhwan , Yoon Soo Hoon , Kim Minhee , Lee Sang-heon , Kim Dong Hee , Kim Ki Hoon 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: We used two methods, direct and indirect, to study the application of vibration training. This pilot study aimed to investigate the short-term effect of direct vibration and spinal stabilization exercises on the deep trunk muscles of patients with non-specific chronic low back pain (CLBP). Methods: Sixty-two participants with non-specific CLBP were randomly placed into two groups, one with direct vibration to the trunk muscles, VSE (vibration-plus stabilization exercise) group, and one without, CSE (conventional stabilization exercise) group. The groups underwent twelve sessions of an exercise program for spinal stability. We measured the thickness and activity of the following trunk muscles using ultrasonography and surface electromyography (sEMG): transversus abdominis (TrA), external oblique (EO), internal oblique (IO), rectus abdominis (RA), lumbar multifidus (LM), and lumbar erector spinae (LES). Results: The ultrasonographic examination revealed that the ratio of muscle thickness to muscle contraction and relaxation was increased after training in the TrA and LM muscles of patients in the CSE group, and in the TrA, LM, and IO muscles in the VSE group. We also found that the LM/LES ratio in the CSE group and the IO/RA, TrA/RA, and LM/LES ratios in the VSE group were significantly increased. Using multiple regression analysis, we showed that the improvement of the symptoms was related to increased activity of the deep trunk muscles in the VSE group (p<0.05).Conclusion: The findings suggest that direct vibration on the trunk muscles may increase the activity of contracting deep muscles and be used in addition to the effective enhancement of stabilization exercise in patients with non-specific CLBP.Trial registration: KCT0003858. Registered 26 April 2019.
Scales of Effect for Urban Mammals Vary Among Species and Environmental Attributes
Authors: MacDougall Brandon , Sander Heather A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Context. Cities are increasingly recognized for their biodiversity conservation potential. Incomplete understanding of urban species habitat requirements and of the areal extents over which species-habitat interactions occur (“scale of effect”), however, restricts such conservation.Objectives.Better-understanding scales of effect for urban species could improve urban conservation by identifying areal extents to target in management. We sought to identify scales of effect for urban mammals and if and how these scales differ among species and environmental covariates.Methods. We constructed Eastern fox squirrel (Sciurus niger), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), and Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginianus) occupancy models using data from trail cameras in Iowa City, Iowa, USA. We compared models constructed using environmental covariates estimated over different extents and identified appropriate scales of effect for each covariate based on model fit.Results. Scales of effect varied among species and covariates. Environmental covariates based on home ranges sometimes provided the best model fit; however, best-fit model covariates were often estimated over other extents. The best-fit fox squirrel model included covariates estimated at different, but relatively local scales (<250 m). Both opossum and red fox models included local to landscape-level covariates. Thus, scales of effect differed among species, possibly with body size, and environmental attributes, offering clear evidence that urban mammals exhibit a multi-scalar response to their environments.Conclusions. Our findings suggest that habitat models should include covariates estimated over a range of biologically-informed extents to more accurately identify habitat relationships. Such modeling will inform the choice of extent in urban habitat management.
Wearable integrated piezoelectric film sensor with tensioning, bending, shearing and twisting detection functions for human motion recognition
Authors: Jin Lu , Li Zhenhong , Liu Zekun , Richardson Bethany , Zheng Yan , Xu Lulu , Chen Zhongda , Zhai Heng , Kim Hongdoo , Song Qingwen , Yue Pengfei , Xie Sheng Q. , Kim Kap Jin , Li Yi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Human motion recognition using flexible/stretchable wearable sensors holds great promise for human-machine interaction and biomedical engineering. However, to measure the individual joint motion with multiple degrees of freedom, many sensor networks are normally required and pinpointed onto the targeted area, restricting body movement. This is due to the limitation of current wearable sensors; inferring a sensor deformation based on the sensor's electrical signal is challenging. A new concept of wearable sensor that can recognize how the sensor deforms could radically solve this issue. Here, we report a wearable integrated piezoelectric film sensor (i-PFS) capable of detecting basic deformations. To achieve this, for the first time, we propose a novel design concept of using uniaxially drawn piezoelectric poly L-lactic acid (PLLA) films to engineer unimodal tension, bend, shear, and twist sensors that only respond to their corresponding deformations with the enhanced piezoelectric response and self-shielding function. Based on this, we construct the i-PFS by combining the four unimodal sensors and demonstrate that the i-PFS can detect and differentiate individual deformation modes, such as tensioning, bending, shearing, and twisting. To our best knowledge, the i-PFS is the world's first film-based sensor that identifies the abovementioned deformations. To prove the potential impact of the i-PFS, we design a sleeve and a glove with the i-PFS that can capture various wrist motions and subtle finger movements, respectively. We also develop a virtual text-entry interface system using the glove and a deep neural network algorithm with a character classification accuracy of about 90 %. The i-PFS technology is expected to provide a turning point in developing motion capture systems.
A de novo SEMA6B variant in a Chinese patient with progressive myoclonic epilepsy-11 and review of the literature
Authors: Li Qian , Liu Min , Huang Dan-ping , Li Tao , Huang Jing , Jiang Ping , Ling Wei-hao , Chen Xuqin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Progressive myoclonic epilepsy is a group of neurodegenerative diseases with complex clinical and genetic heterogeneity, which is associated with spontaneous or action-induced myoclonus and progressive neurodegeneration. Since 2020, 4 families with progressive myoclonic epilepsy-11 [OMIM#618876] have been reported with a very limited spectrum of SEMA6B pathogenic variants. In our study, whole-exome sequencing was used in a proband from a nonconsanguineous Chinese family presenting with growth retardation and recurrent atonic seizures. A deletion mutation (c.1960_1978del, p.Leu654Argfs*25) in the last exon of SEMA6B was detected, which is a de Novo variant and pathogenic. The new genetic evidence we reported here strengthened the gene-disease relationship, and the gene curation level between SEMA6B and progressive myoclonic epilepsy-11 became “strong” following the ClinGen SOP. Therefore, the results of this study broaden the mutation spectrum of SEMA6B in different ethnic groups and strengthen the gene-disease relationship between SEMA6B and progressive myoclonic epilepsy-11.
The New Direction of Senolytic Drug Research Should Be on Cancer Prevention, Adjuvant Therapies in Cancer and Healthy Aging in Cancer Survivors
Authors: Tanriverdi Ozgur , Turkcu Ummuhani Ozel 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In cases where cellular senescence does not function properly, the use of drugs called senolytics in the prevention of chronic aging-related disorders such as cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases has become a very interesting topic. There are studies showing that senolytic drugs can be used for the purpose of preventing cancer, preventing recurrence in individuals diagnosed with cancer, and delaying multimorbidity situations that may develop as long-term side effects of anti-cancer treatments. This article has been prepared with the aim of reminding general information about senolytic drugs and cellular senescence due to the fact that there are many controversial researches in the field of oncology in the future
Assimilation in networks promoting common pool resource conservation
Authors: Tiet Tuyen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study investigates how assimilation in social comparison (i.e., changing behaviors in order to fit in with a group) impacts individual behaviors in the extraction of a common pool resource in different network structures (i.e., empty network, star, circle, and complete network). Our results suggest that over-exploitation is more likely to happen when there is a presence of assimilation in comparison. However, it is possible to incentivize resource conservation since the assimilation effect on individual conservation behavior highly depends on the network structures. Thus, promoting assimilation to a centralized network or networks with fewer connections is a good way to encourage resource conservation. More particularly, in a decentralized network with fewer connections (e.g., a circle network), assimilation in social comparison (e.g., feedback on their behaviors and the average behaviors of their neighbors) could help to promote resource conservation. A centralized network is useful in diffusing information and promoting assimilation in comparison by incentivizing the resource conservation of the central agents.
Evaluation of the Electro-removal Technique of the Treated Wood Using the Accelerated Decaying Fungus Test
Authors: Candaten Luana , Gouveia Fernando Nunes , Trevisan Rômulo , Silva Anna Sofya Silvério da , SILVEIRA MARCELO FONTANA DA , de Oliveira José Roberto Victor , Bairros Paulo Roberto da Silva , Wastowski Arci Dirceu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Waste from treated wood can be hazardous to the environment and human health. Therefore, research is needed to investigate what to do with this waste. The electro-removal technique is a viable technique to remove the copper, chromium and arsenic metals contained in the CCA-treated wood. But is the CCA really removed? the present study investigated this cause, using the living organism Trametes versicolor to verify this hypothesis.
Removal of azithromycin from aqueous bulk solution using water/ethanol/transcutol/capryol-90 green nanoemulsion
Authors: Hussain Afzal , Alshehri Sultan , Altamimi Mohammad A. , Siddique Mohd Usman Mohd 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The present work aimed to remove azithromycin (AZM) from contaminated aqueous system using a water/ethanol/transcutol/capryol-90 green nanoemulsion. The drug is identified as potential pharmaceutical drug for detrimental effect on flora and fauna of aquatic lives and human health. Green nanoemulsions were tailored and characterized for thermodynamic stability, globular size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, viscosity, refractive index (RI), and morphological assessment using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Moreover, nanoemulsions were investigated for percent removal efficiency and factors affecting the %RE. The results obtained from in vitro characterization parameters suggested that the developed green nanoemulsions (ANE1-ANE5) were stable, and possessing globular size ˂ 200 nm. ANE5 exhibited the lowest value of globular size (49 nm), low PDI (0.17), minimum viscosity (~ 93 cP), and optimum zeta potential (-27.8 mV). The value of %RE depended upon the content of water and capryol-90 oil of the nanoemulsion. Furthermore, the value of %RE was found to be increased with increased content of water and decreased concentration of capryol-90 in the nanoemulsions. Similarly, % RE value was increased with decreased value of globular size and decreased viscosity of nanoemulsion. There was no impact of contact time on %RE results. Thus, the maximum %RE value (96.8%) was obtained by ANE5 from the aqueous solution after 20 min of contact time with ANE5. Thus, this method could be a promising approach to remove AZM from a contaminated water and suitable alternative to conventional methods.
Cryptocurrencies’ Time to shine in Tunisia
Authors: JERIBI ahmed , MANZLI Yasmine SNENE , KHEFACHA Islem 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Using the DCC-GARCH (1.1) model, we investigate the dynamic conditional correlations between Tunisian indices, digital assets, and gold prices for the period ranging from 4 January 2016 to 30 April 2020. Our findings reveal that digital assets (Bitcoin, Ripple, Ethereum, and Dash) and gold can be considered as hedge and diversifier assets before the 2020 global pandemic. Contrarily to Ripple which can be a safe haven asset for the Tunisian investors in early 2020, Monero can be considered as a diversifier asset more than a hedge. Finally, our results can be useful to Tunisian investors when accounting for implementing hedging strategies.JEL classification: C22, C5, G1
Population-Based Screening in Children For Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Design of The VRONI Study
Authors: Sanin Veronika , Schmieder Raphael , Ates Sara , Schlieben Lea Dewi , Wiehler Jens , Sun Ruoyu , Decker Manuela , Sander Michaela , Holdenrieder Stefan , Kohlmayer Florian , Friedmann Anna , Mall Volker , Feiler Therese , Dressler Arne , Strom Tim , Prokisch Holger , Meitinger Thomas , von Scheidt Moritz , Koenig Wolfgang , Leipold Georg , Schunkert Heribert 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) represents the most frequent monogenic disorder with an estimated prevalence of 1:250 in the general population. Diagnosis during childhood enables early initiation of preventive measures, reducing the risk of severe consecutive atherosclerotic manifestations. Nevertheless, population-based screening programs for FH are scarce.Methods: In the VRONI study children aged 5 to 14 years in Bavaria are invited to participate in a FH screening program during regular pediatric visits. The screening is based on LDL-C measurements from capillary blood. If exceeding 130 mg/dl (3.34 mmol/l), i.e. the expected 95th percentile in this age group, subsequent molecular genetic analysis for FH is performed. Children with FH pathogenic variants enter a registry and are treated by specialized pediatricians. Furthermore, qualified training centers offer FH-focused training courses to affected families. For first degree relatives, reverse cascade screening is recommended to identify and treat affected family members.Results: Implementation of VRONI required intensive prearrangements for addressing ethical, educational, data-safety, legal and organisational aspects, which will be outlined in this paper. Recruitment started in January of 2021, within two months more than 280 pediatricians screened over 1,150 children. Approximately 60,000 children are expected to be enrolled in the VRONI study until 2024. Conclusion: VRONI aims to test the feasibility of a population-based screening for FH in children in Bavaria, intending to set the stage for a nation-wide FH screening infrastructure. Further we aim to validate genetic variants of unclear significance, detect novel causative mutations, and contribute to polygenic risk indices. (German Clinical Trials Register: DRKS00022140; registered August 21st2020.)
Risk Factors for Diabetic Foot Ulcers in Metreleptin Naïve Patients With Lipodystrophy
Authors: Saydam Onur , Saydam Basak Ozgen , Adiyaman Suleyman Cem , Ince Melda Sonmez , Eren Mehmet Ali , Keskin Fatma Ela , Bilen Habib , Dagdeviren Murat , Kaya Seher , Akinci Gulcin , Balci Ali , Altay Canan , Bayraktar Firat , Oral Elif A , Akinci Baris 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
AimPatients with lipodystrophy are at high risk for chronic complications of diabetes. Recently, we have reported 18 diabetic foot ulcer episodes in 9 subjects with lipodystrophy. This current study aims to determine risk factors associated with foot ulcer development in this rare disease population.MethodsNinety metreleptin naïve patients with diabetes registered in our national lipodystrophy database were included in this observational retrospective cohort study (9 with and 81 without foot ulcers).Results Patients with lipodystrophy developing foot ulcers had longer diabetes duration (p = 0.007), longer time since lipodystrophy diagnosis (p = 0.008), and higher HbA1c levels (p = 0.041). Insulin use was more prevalent (p = 0.003). The time from diagnosis of diabetes to first foot ulcer was shorter for patients with generalized lipodystrophy compared to partial lipodystrophy (p = 0.036). Retinopathy (p < 0.001), neuropathy (p < 0.001), peripheral artery disease (p = 0.001), and kidney failure (p = 0.003) were more commonly detected in patients with foot ulcers. Patients with foot ulcers tended to have lower leptin levels (p = 0.052). Multiple logistic regression estimated significant associations between foot ulcers and generalized lipodystrophy (OR: 40.81, 95%CI: 3.31 - 503.93, p = 0.004), long-term diabetes (≥ 15 years; OR: 27.07, 95%CI: 2.97 - 246.39, p = 0.003), and decreased eGFR (OR: 13.35, 95%CI: 1.96 - 90.67, p = 0.008).ConclusionOur study identified several clinical factors associated with foot ulceration among patients with lipodystrophy and diabetes. Preventive measures and effective treatment of metabolic consequences of lipodystrophy are essential to prevent the occurrence of foot ulcers in these high-risk individuals.
Extracellular HMGB1 Interacts with RAGE and Promotes Chemoresistance in Acute Leukemia Cells
Authors: Lai Weixin , KONG QIAN , CHEN HAN , LI XINYU , LI YUNYAO , FANG JIANPEI 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Nowadays, acute leukemia(AL) among children has a more favorable outcome, yet some of them get refractory or relapse mainly due to drug resistance. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) has been proven to have a important role in drug resistance via upregulation of autophagy after chemotherapy treatment in acute leukemia. However, the mechanism how extracellular HMGB1 acts on AL celIs and leads to chemoresistance remains elusive.

Method

CCK8 was used to examine the toxicity of chemotherapeutic drug.Western blot and mRFP-GFP-LC3 adenoviral particles as well as transmission electron microscopy were used to detect the autophagy flux. Elisa was performed to detect the release of HMGB1.Western blot and flow cytometry were applied to evaluate the apoptosis. qPCR and western blot were conducted to detect the expression of drug efflux protein. Lentivirus infection was applied to knock down RAGE. In addition, T-ALL NOD/SCID mice xenograft model was used to observe the effect of inhibiting HMGB1/RAGE axis.

Results

We found that extracellular HMGB1 do upregulate autophagy and in the meantime downregulate apoptosis, primarily through interaction with receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). Suppression of RAGE by RNA interference alleviated the level of autophagy and enhanced apoptosis. What’s more, HMGB1/RAGE induced autophagy was associated with the activation of ERK1/2 and decreased phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), while HMGB1/RAGE limited apoptosis in a Bcl-2-regulated way mediated by P53. On the other hand, we found that HMGB1/RAGE activated the NF-κB pathway and promoted the expression of P-glycation protein(P-gp) as well as multidrug resistance-associated protein(MRP), both are ATP-binding cassette transporters. In vivo experiment, we found that blocking HMGB1/RAGE axis do have a mild pathological condition and a better survival in T-ALL mice.

Conclusion

HMGB1/RAGE have a important role in drug resistance after chemotherapy treatment, mainly by regulating autophagy and apoptosis as well as promoting the expression of drug efflux protein such as P-gp and MRP. HMGB1/RAGE might be a promising target to cure AL, especially for those met with relapse and refractory.
Perioperative red blood cell infusion and deep vein thrombosis in patients with femoral and pelvic fractures: A propensity score matching
Authors: Wu Linqin , Cheng Bo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background:The relationship between perioperative red blood cell（RBC）infusion and deep vein thrombosis(DVT) has not been determined.Objectives:To analyze the time-event relationship between perioperative RBC infusion and DVT in patients with femoral and pelvic fractures after adjusting for confounding factors and to provide reference for optimizing DVT risk factors.Methods: The clinical data of 569 patients with femoral and pelvic fractures who received surgical treatment from May 2018 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed on 20 covariates of DVT. With the formation or progression of DVT after RBC infusion as the end point, the time-event relationship between perioperative RBC infusion and DVT in patients was analyzed by binary Logistic regression.Results: After 1:1 PSM of 569 patients included in this study, 126 patients were in the transfusion group and the non-transfusion group, respectively.Before PSM (P=0.023, OR=1.496 [95%CI,1.058-2.115]), perioperative RBC infusion was associated with DVT formation for femoral and pelvic fractures.This conclusion was still obtained after PSM (P=0.038,OR=1.728, 95%CI=(1.031,2.896)). The risk of DVT in patients with RBC infusion of 2-4U and >4U is 1.833 and 2.667 times that of ≤2U, respectively. Excluding patients who received preoperative RBC infusion and had DVT formation or progression prior to transfusion, there were still differences in perioperative RBC infusion between non-DVT group and DVT group (P=0.037, OR=2.231 [95% CI ,1.049-4.745]).Conclusion: Perioperative RBC infusion is the cause of DVT in patients with femoral and pelvic fractures, and the risk of DVT is positively correlated with the amount of RBC infusion.
Light-Matter Coupling in Scalable Van der Waals Superlattices
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Lunch Jason , Song Baokun , Ling Haonan , Barrera Francisco , Zhang Huiqin , Anantharaman Surendra , Digani Jagrit , Zhu Haoyue , Choudhury Tanushree , McAleese Clifford , Wang Xiaochen , Conran Ben , Whear Oliver , Motala Michael , Snure Michael , Muratore Christopher , Redwing Joan , Glavin Nicholas , Stach Eric , Davoyan Artur , Jariwala Deep 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) crystals have renewed opportunities in design and assembly of artificial lattices without the constraints of epitaxy. However, the lack of thickness control in exfoliated van der Waals (vdW) layers prevents realization of repeat units with high fidelity. Recent availability of uniform, wafer-scale samples permits engineering of both electronic and optical dispersions in stacks of disparate 2D layers with multiple repeating units. We present optical dispersion engineering in a superlattice structure comprised of alternating layers of 2D excitonic chalcogenides and dielectric insulators. By carefully designing the unit cell parameters, we demonstrate > 90 % narrowband absorption in < 4 nm active layer excitonic absorber medium at room temperature, concurrently with enhanced photoluminescence in cm2 samples. These superlattices show evidence of strong light-matter coupling and exciton-polariton formation with geometry-tunable coupling constants. Our results demonstrate proof of concept structures with engineered optical properties and pave the way for a broad class of scalable, designer optical metamaterials from atomically-thin layers.