bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endonasal FLI Approach for Rhinoplasty with Modified Cottle Low Strip Septoplasty
Authors: López-Ulloa Fausto , Jasso-Ramírez Elizabeth , Friedman Oren 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTo date, an endonasal approach has not been described that combines different incisions to provide exposure of all of the key anatomical structures, allowing for adequate, comprehensive visualization of the nasal architecture including the complete quadrangular cartilage and its extension with the upper lateral cartilages, including the caudal septal border from the ventral border and anterior nasal spine to the anterior septal angle, the scroll, and internal nasal valve.The endonasal approach that Fausto Lopez-Infante designed, the FLI technique, combines several basic known endonasal incisions that together allow excellent access and great visualization of the intranasal surgical field, enables extensive septal work, and preserves the natural anatomy of the dorsum as well as the tip support structures.This technique and approach to nasal surgery are based on an understanding of anatomy, allow standardization of the surgery, and make it reproducible. It is an outstanding option with excellent cosmetic and functional results.
120 Years of Dorsal Preservation in Rhinoplasty
Authors: Ng Chew Lip , D'Souza Alwyn Ray 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDorsal preservation techniques in rhinoplasty are experiencing a renaissance in recent years. New techniques and modifications to existing techniques are being described at an intensifying pace. Dorsal preservation, however, is not a new concept and was first described over 120 years ago. It is timely that we conduct a review of the key techniques and concepts of dorsal preservation in rhinoplasty that had been published over the past 120 years, at a moment in which we consider as a revival of this school of thought.
A Prospective Study on the Incidence and Outcome of Cranial Nerve Injuries in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injuries
Authors: Basheer Noufal , Varghese Jenimol Chacko , Kuruvilla Rojan , Alappat Jacob P. , Mathew Jim 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background Posttraumatic cranial nerve injuries are not uncommon and can occur by shearing forces, rapid acceleration/deceleration, or injury to the skull base. The incidence of cranial nerve injury in craniocerebral trauma varies between 5 and 23 percent in various literature.
Methodology A prospective study was conducted on the incidence and outcome of cranial nerve injuries (CNI) in 256 consecutive cases of traumatic brain injuries (TBI). Patients over the age of 5 years with a follow-up of 6 months in the period from September 2017 to November 2018 in our institution were sampled.
Results A total of 256 patients were included in our study. The incidence of CNI in TBI patients was 14.8% (38 patients). Facial nerve was the most common cranial nerve to be involved, followed by olfactory nerve and vestibulocochlear nerve. Cranial nerve injury was more common in patients with severe head injury (p < 0.005), younger age group, associated base of skull fractures (p < 0.001), and facial fractures (p < 0.005). Twenty-eight patients (73.7%) had a delayed presentation of CNI (p < 0.001). Of the 73.6% patients who recovered, 16 (42%) patients had partial recovery, while 12 (31%) patients had complete recovery. Younger age group (p < 0.05) and delayed onset of deficit (p < 0.001) were associated with significant better outcome.
Conclusions CNI are a major cause of morbidity in TBI patients. All patients admitted with TBI should be examined meticulously for CNI on follow-up.
Arrow-Shot Injury to Pediatric Spinal Cord
Authors: Singh Vijayveer , Thanvi Sharad 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPenetrating spinal cord injuries (PSCI) in cervical region are extremely rare in pediatric population. Most injuries in pediatric population are accidental due to gunshot or a stab injury with a sharp or pointed object. Gun shots may result into a severe wound which is usually fatal and may result in death, quadriplegia, or serious long-term disability. Stab injuries are less severe and may result in neurological sequalae. In this paper, an unusual case of pediatric arrow shot partial cervical cord injury is reported which was managed by aggressive neurosurgical management. The arrow lodged in the cervical cord was very near to the vertebral artery leading to parapariesis which recovered well without any complications. Diagnostic imaging at admission included radiographs, computed tomography (CT), and CT angiography of the cervical region. The patient underwent early surgical intervention with removal of foreign body from the cord and subsequent dural suturing.
Approach to Emergent Neurotrauma-related Neurosurgical Procedures in Patients with Hepatic Disease
Authors: Mendoza-Avendaño María , Ramírez-Carvajal Ana , Barreto-Herrera Iván , Muñoz-Báez Karen , Ramos-Villegas Yancarlos , Shrivastava Adesh , Janjua Tariq , Moscote-Salazar Luis Rafael , Agrawal Amit 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLiver diseases constitute a group of pathologies of extraordinary importance, because of the large number of patients who suffer from these as well as the consequences that they can have on these individuals if they undergo any surgical procedure. Therefore, these patients have greater risk of suffering unfavorable outcomes than a healthy person undergoing emergency neurosurgical procedures (ENP) for neurotrauma. For this reason, there is a need to classify these patients according to their surgical risk based on risk factors secondary to the concurrent hepatic derangements. Among the possible tools that allow us to stage patients with liver disease are the Child–Turcotte–Pugh (CTP) and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scales, which have proven utility in effectively predicting the outcomes, including morbidity and mortality in hepatic disease patients who are undergoing surgery. They also help to predict the risk of complications such as intracranial hemorrhage secondary to coagulopathy due to hepatic derangement.
A colossus with feet of clay? Assessing Germany’s prevalence in European Union lawmaking
Authors: Kirpsza Adam 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe distributive bargaining literature argues that Germany prevails in the European Union due to its superior power resources. This paper tests this expectation empirically by assessing Germany’s success on actual EU legislation with three sources of data: Council voting records (2009–2019), decision outcomes on the most controversial proposals (1999–2009) and the outcomes of the Eurozone reform (2010–2015). The results provide no support for Germany’s prevalence in daily EU lawmaking. This country is found to cast a substantive number of contestations in the Council and attain significantly lower bargaining success than other member states on key EU secondary legislation. The paper suggests that such poor showing stems from a high extremity and intensity of Germany’s preferences. Generally, this study contributes to the scholarly knowledge by refuting the narrative that Germany dictates actual EU legislation and challenging the distributive bargaining argument that states with greater power resources are more successful in the EU.
Molecular bases of an alternative dual-enzyme system for light color acclimation of marineSynechococcuscyanobacteria
Authors: Grébert Théophile , Nguyen Adam A. , Pokhrel Suman , Joseph Kes Lynn , Ratin Morgane , Dufour Louison , Chen Bo , Haney Allissa M. , Karty Jonathan A. , Trinidad Jonathan C. , Garczarek Laurence , Schluchter Wendy M. , Kehoe David M. , Partensky Frédéric 
Published: February 2021

SignificanceOf all cyanobacteria on Earth, marineSynechococcusare those displaying the greatest pigment diversity. The most sophisticated pigment type is cells able to reversibly modify their color by a phenomenon called type IV chromatic acclimation or CA4. Two genetically distinct CA4 types (CA4-A and CA4-B) have evolved in different lineages. Together, they represent almost half of allSynechococcuscells in oceanic areas and are equally abundant but occupy complementary ecological niches. While the molecular mechanism of CA4-A has recently started to be deciphered, the CA4-B mechanism was so far uncharacterized. Here, by unveiling this mechanism and demonstrating its singularity relative to CA4-A, we provide highlights on the evolutionary history ofSynechococcusacclimation to light color in the oceans.
On the horizon entropy of a causal set
Authors: Machet Ludovico , Wang Jinzhao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We discuss how to define a kinematical horizon entropy on a causal set. We extend a recent definition of horizon molecules to a setting with a null hypersurface crossing the horizon. We argue that, as opposed to the spacelike case, this extension fails to yield an entropy local to the hypersurface-horizon intersection in the continuum limit when the causal set approximates a curved spacetime. We then investigate the entropy defined via the spacetime mutual information between two regions of a causal diamond truncated by a causal horizon, and find it does limit to the area of the intersection.
Microstructure of bismuth centers in silicon before and after irradiation with 15 MeV protons
Authors: Arutyunov Nikolay , Krause-Rehberg Reinhard , Elsayed Mohamed , Emtsev Vadim , Abrosimov Nikolay , Oganesyan Gagik , Kozlovski Vitalii 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A decrease of two-gamma annihilation rate of a positron in a strong spin–orbit field of the annihilation site of bismuth impurity center 209Bi (J = 9/2) in silicon with natural isotope composition was revealed (J is the nuclear spin). This decrease was observed along with increasing occupancy of Bi donor states (binding energy E{Bi} ≈ 69 meV). Atoms of 29Si (J = 1/2) isotope are involved in spin interactions of positron with Bi impurity centers. The growth of occupancy of Bi donor states inhibits two-gamma annihilation rate. The estimated cross-section of positron trapping by the Bi impurity center is σ
+ ≈ (1.23–1.5) × 10−13 cm2. Together with this surprisingly large value, the integral rate of two-gamma annihilation in a hypothetical polyelectron system of the Bi impurity center is by a factor of just Δ ∼ 2.18 higher compared to the magnitude ≈2.09 × 109 s−1 known for elemental isolated polyelectron, (e−e+e−). Possible formation of the positron-containing exciton-like states, (e+)D
0
X (D = Bi, P) is also discussed. Irradiation of material with 15 MeV protons results in decreasing the factor Δ by ∼11% due to forming the radiation complex in which Bi atom is in an open volume ambient it. Such complex is suggested to have D
3d symmetry and be the deep donor. Low-temperature measurements of both the positron annihilation rate and Hall effect have been applied for studying the isochronal annealing of these point radiation defects which were found to be thermally stable up to ∼370 °C; they can be annealed at ∼430 °C – 470 °C. According to available data of ab initio cluster calculations, the complex of Bi atom with a simulated vacancy has D
3d symmetry with the energy gain ∼0.92 eV, thus indicating qualitative agreement between experimental and theoretical data.
Laser-driven acceleration of ion beams for ion fast ignition: the effect of the laser wavelength on the ion beam properties
Authors: Badziak Jan , Domański Jarosław 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The properties of a carbon ion beam accelerated by an infrared (1.05 μm), visible (0.53 μm) or ultraviolet (0.248 μm) 1 ps 150 kJ laser under conditions relevant for ion fast ignition (IFI) are numerically investigated using a particle-in-cell 2D3V code, and the feasibility of achieving the ion beam parameters required for IFI is discussed. It was found that parameters of the ion beam determining the DT fuel ignition relatively weakly depend on the laser wavelength, and that each of the considered laser drivers enables the production of an ion beam with parameters required for IFI, but only at short distances from the irradiated carbon target, no longer than ∼100 μm. At such distances, a picosecond ion beam with ‘useful’ energy >10 kJ, peak fluence >1 GJ cm−2, peak intensity >1021 W cm−2 and the mean ion energy ∼500–600 MeV is produced regardless of the laser driver wavelength. The main factors limiting the possibility of achieving the required parameters of the ion beam at larger distances are the beam angular divergence and the ion velocity dispersion. The ion acceleration is accompanied by the emission of powerful (tens of PW, tens of kJ) picosecond pulses of short-wavelength synchrotron radiation whose power and energy increases as the laser wavelength decreases. The emission of this radiation is a source of ion energy losses and significantly reduces the values of energy, fluence and intensity of the ion beam. In addition, the emitted multi-PW radiation may pose a threat to the fusion infrastructure.
Phase transition of Laplacian roughening model on a triangular lattice using Wang–Landau Monte Carlo simulation and Fisher zeros
Authors: Kim Jin Min 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Phase transition of the discrete Laplacian roughening model was investigated on a triangular lattice of various sizes by using the Wang–Landau (WL) Monte Carlo simulation and finite-size scaling analysis of partition-function zeros. The density of states was calculated using the WL method, and the internal energy and specific heat were calculated as a function of temperature. A single transition was observed at T
c = 1.855(5) with a new universality class of the correlation exponent ν = 0.70(1) and the specific heat exponent α = 0.60(4). The results were confirmed by the finite size scaling analysis of the first zeros for the partition function. The critical exponents satisfy the scaling relation α = 2 − dν very well.
The Relationship of Self-Efficacy with Adherence in Restricting Fluid Intake in Middle Adult Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Gartika N , Mustopa A , Hidayat Y 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This research was based on the prevalence of visual impairment in Indonesia which are diabetic retinopathy 42.6% and glaucoma 0.46 %. This condition causes low vision and even blindness so that impact to achieve daily activities. The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between low vision with ADL (Activity Daily Living) in diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma patients in the National Eye Center of Cicendo Eye Hospital in Bandung. This quantitative study uses a cross-sectional design, involving 58 diabetic retinopathy patients and 28 glaucoma patients selected by probability random sampling techniques. ADL was measured using the Barthel Index and Lawton IADL. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, Spearman Rank, and Pearson correlation. Results showed the characteristics of respondents mostly severe low vision, aged 41-60 years, gender is female, are housewives, history of diabetic >10 years, and history of illness for 1-5 years. The ADL and IADL figures are primarily independent. Result of the Pearson correlation test and the Spearman Rank hypothesis show that there is no relationship between a low vision and ADL in diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma patients, neither a low vision with the patient, however, there is a significant relationship between low vision and IADL in diabetic retinopathy patient (p= 0,000). As a suggestion, in addition to ADL, it is important to use IADL as an assessment in patients with low vision.
The variation of ethanol concentration and kombucha characterization on several incubation periods
Authors: Ihsani Nisa , Hernahadini Nelis , Fauzi Muhammad 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Kombucha is a type of fermented tea that recently popular in Indonesia. It gives so many health benefits for human body, as prevention and therapeutic cure for the disease. Some of the benefits are for improving digestion and reducing the risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease. It also has significant potential as an antioxidant agent. The heterofermentative fermentation process in kombucha causes this product to produce organic acid and ethanol as an alcohol compound. However, ethanol concentration in fermented food has become a major concern in Indonesian Halal products studies. One cause of ethanol concentration differences is incubation times. In this study, we measured alcohol concentration at several incubation times: 5, 6, 7 and 8 days incubation. We also assessed characteristics of kombucha by testing its antioxidant activity, lactic acid content, pH, and enumeration of lactic acid bacteria. The result shows that the incubation time, from 5 to 8 days, did not produce alcohol more than 0,5% as restricted by MUI Fatwa 2018. It has been shown that the various time of incubations did not give a significant difference in the quality of the antioxidant activity and lactic acid levels, and pH (p>0,05).
Comparison of Drug Induced Hepatotoxicity Incident of Fixed-Dose Combination and Separate Formulations Regimen for Pulmonary Tuberculosis Treatment in Hospital Sukabumi
Authors: Nurafni Silvi , Sari Novita , Mulyani Feni 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Pulmonary Tuberculosis is still a health problem in the world, including in Indonesia. The World Health Organization reports that Indonesia ranks third the highest pulmonary tuberculosis case in the world. The regimen for treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis is isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol, which has been used either as Fix-Dose Combination (FDC) or as SF (SF). These drugs induced hepatotoxicity side effect. The aims of this study was the comparison of drug induced hepatotoxcity incident of FDC and SF regimen for pulmonary tuberculosis treatment. This study was an observational with retrospective method in 130 pulmonary tuberculosis patients with category I (65 patients have used FDC and 65 patients have used SF). The result showed that based on the severity level of DIH were the following stage I as many as 36 patients for FDC and 34 patients for SF, stage II as many as 14 patients for FDC and 13 patients for SF, stage III as many as 8 patients for FDC and 8 patients for SF, stage IV as many as 7 patients for FDC and 10 patients for SF. The Mann-Whitney test show no significant differences in the severity level of DIH (P=0,253) in two group.
Differences the Effects of Tuak Dayak and Tuak Aren on the number of Leydig cells and seminiferous tubule thickness
Authors: Sius Usu , Savitri Elisabeth Wahyu , Sisilia  
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Tuak Dayak and Tuak Aren are alcoholic drinks from the fermentation process. The material used by Tuak Dayak is black glutinous rice (Oryza sativa Linn) while Tuak Aren is made from Aren water (Arenga pinnata) tapping water. Infertility is related to ROS levels due to alcohol oxidative stress. The purpose of the study was to determine the difference in the effect of Tuak Dayak and Tuak Aren against the number of Leydig cells and the thickness of the seminiferous tubular tissue. Method: This study uses an experimental method to design a post-test only control group. Subjects were 25 rats divided into 5 groups with treatment for 4 weeks. Data are presented as standard deviation (mean ± SD). Furthermore the normality test (Shapiro Wilk) and homogeneity test (Levene Test). If the data is normally distributed and homogeneous, one way ANOVA test is performed. Post HOC / LSD test was performed to determine differences between groups (p-value ≤ 0.05). Then the Kruskal Wallis test if the distribution data is abnormal and not homogeneous and continued by the Mann Whitney test to know the difference between the two groups (p-value ≤ 0.05). Results: The number of Leydig cells in KTA3 is significantly lower than KTD1 (0.68) with a p-value of 0.020, this is also found in KTA4 significantly lower than KTD2 (0.920) with a p-value of 0.003, this study proves that Tuak Aren is more damaging than Tuak Dayak. While the thickness of the seminiferous tubules in KTA3 is significantly lower than KTD1 (0.49) with a p-value of 0.006, so also on KTA4 is significantly lower than KTD2 (0.71), it is evident that Tuak Aren also affects the depletion of seminiferous tubule thickness compared to Tuak Dayak. Conclusion: Significantly damage occurred in Leydig cells and depletion of seminiferous tubular tissue in test animals exposed to Tuak Aren more than Tuak Dayak. The more the number of Tuak drinks consumed the more cell damage that occurs.
Optimization Sonication Time and Dilution Factor in Determining the Concentration of Endotoxin Challenge Vial with Kinetic Turbidimetric Method
Authors: Novi F , Yati S , Siska E , Agie A G 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
ECV has a specification certificate of analysis (CoA) worth 9616 EU/mL where the limit of acceptability recovery is in the range of 50 – 200 percent (4808 EU/mL - 19232 EU/mL). The verification results of ECV concentration with kinetic turbidimetry method showed recovery outside the lower limit of the predetermined range less than 50 percent. This is due to endotoxin adsorbed onto the surface of the glass. To get a recovery that goes within the limits of acceptability then do the time variation of sonication (5; 10; 15; 20; 25; 30) minutes and variations of the dilution factor of 10−4; 10−5. The result showed that the optimum sonication time was 25 minutes with a 10−4 dilution factor. The average concentration of ECV obtained worth 7828,98 EU/mL with a recovery 81,4 percent. The validation test showed a significant correlation coefficient values (-0,9963); and the precision of data with CV < 2/3 CVH, control of graph showed that the data was homogenic; the value of LOD (1070,6823 EU/mL); LOQ (3568,9411 EU/mL) and percent recovery value was 81,0844 percent. Suggested for further research to optimize the use of buffer solution as a solvent, but it also can optimize the temperature and the frequency of the sonication process.
Effect of Ethanolic Extract Terong Belanda (Solanum betaceum Cav.) Peels of Antioxidant Activity by In Vitro
Authors: Rahmawati Riana Putri , Retnowati Eko , Devi Ridyasari Kamela 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The use of antioxidants from natural ingredients has been carried out research to test the antioxidant activity of Terong Belanda (Solanum betaceum Cav.) peels. Flavonoids contained in the peels of Terong Belanda (Solanum betaceum Cav.). Natural antioxidants could be inhibit the formation of free radicals in the body. Free radicals that too much in the body would be oxidative stress, thus requiried an antioxidant to inhibit it. This purpose of research to determine the antioxidant activity of flavonoid compounds from Terong Belanda (Solanum betaceum Cav.) peels by IC50 value. The method of ethanolic extract of Terong Belanda (Solanum betaceum Cav.) peels by maceration for 1x24 hours with 70% ethanol solvent. The filtrate obtained was then evaporated with waterbath until thick extract was obtained and continued for antioxidant testing. The antioxidant power in this extract determined by the radical capture test of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) used UV-Vis spectrophotometry with a wavelength of 517 nm. The results showed positive from Terong Belanda (Solanum betaceum Cav.) peels contained flavonoids with an average value of IC50 45,14 ppm, while vitamin C value of IC50 4,730 ppm both of showed very strong antioxidants.