bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The inter‐forest line could be the master key to track biocoenotic effects of climate change in a subtropical forest
Authors: Buitrago‐Guacaneme Alexandra , Molineri Carlos , Cristóbal Luciana , Dos Santos Daniel Andrés 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAt least three strata of vegetational formations can be recognized in many mountainous ecosystems. For instance, the Andean Yungas exhibits: 1) upper fog grasslands, 2) intermediate montane forest, and 3) lower montane rain forest. The respective delimiters are the treeline and the inter‐forest line. We develop an approach to perform an optimal tripartition of mountainous ecosystems using elevational cutoffs per watershed. This pair of cutoffs allows us to transform heights of a given digital elevation map onto a universal adimensional scale. Normalized elevation facilitates worldwide comparisons and entails synthetic information (e.g., >0 means above treeline and < −1 below inter‐forest line). To test the reliability of delimiting elevation lines, we compare them against the hand‐drawn treeline and we assess the agreement with another tripartition of sampling points, but based on a different set of organisms (i.e., mayflies, an ancient group of insects that mimic ecological patterns found in many other aquatic taxa). The resulting delimiters of strata pass the test successfully. The upper delimiter fits the detailed treeline well. The lower delimiter segregates different types of mayflies on either side. Only the intermediate layer holds a distinctive set of co‐occurring mayfly species. We finally stress the relevance of the inter‐forest line to track the imprints of global change on community composition.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Small groups lead, big groups control: Perceptions of numerical group size, power, and status across development
Authors: Heck Isobel A. , Bas Jesús , Kinzler Katherine D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractParticipants (N = 384 three‐ to ten‐year‐olds; 51% girls, 49% boys; 73% White, 18% multiracial/other, 5% Asian, and 3% Black; N = 610 adults) saw depictions of 20 individuals split into two social groups (1:19; 2:18; 5:15; or 8:12 per group) and selected which group was “in charge” (Experiment 1), “the leader” (Experiment 2), or likely to “get the stuff” (resources) in a conflict (Experiment 3). Whereas participants across ages predicted the larger group would “get the stuff,” a tendency to view smaller groups as “in charge” and “the leader” strengthened with age and when the smaller group was rarer. These findings suggest the perceived relation between numerical group size and hierarchy is flexible and inform theory regarding the developmental trajectories of reasoning about power and status.
A strengths‐based, culturally responsive family intervention improves Latino kindergarteners’ vocabulary and approaches to learning
Authors: Leyva Diana , Weiland Christina , Shapiro Anna , Yeomans‐Maldonado Gloria , Febles Angela 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFood routines are an ecocultural asset of Latino families. This cluster‐randomized trial with 248 children (Mage = 67 months; 50% girls; 13 schools) investigated the impact of a 4‐week family program designed to capitalize on food routines in improving Latino kindergarteners’ outcomes in the United States. There were moderate‐to‐large impacts on child vocabulary (especially food‐related) at end‐of‐treatment and the 5‐month follow‐up, and suggestive evidence of moderate impacts on approaches to learning (ATL; including ATL math) and executive function at the 5‐month follow‐up (d = .38–.95). There were no statistically significant impacts on children's math or literacy skills. A strengths‐based, culturally responsive family intervention that is integrated into Latino family life can improve the skills needed to succeed in school.
Prevalence, risk factors, and repair mechanism of different forms of sinus membrane perforations in lateral window sinus lift procedure: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Krennmair Stefan , Gugenberger Alexander , Weinländer Michael , Krennmair Gerald , Malek Michael , Postl Lukas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate prevalences, affecting risk factors and efforts for repair mechanism for different forms of sinus membrane perforations (SMP) during sinus floor elevation (SFE) using the lateral window technique (LWT).Material and methodsFor 334/434 patients, SFE undergoing LWT prevalence of SMP was retrospectively evaluated including a subselection based on membrane perforation size (<10 mm: small–moderate/≥10 mm: large) and biotype (BT; thick BT/thin BT) into four subgroups (SMP1: thick BT/small–moderate; SMP2: thin BT/small–moderate; SMP3: thick BT/large; SMP4: thin BT/large). For the various subgroups, patient‐ and surgery‐related/anatomic risk factors affecting SMP were evaluated and the scope of sinus membrane repair (SSMR) mechanisms rated with 1 (easy) to 5 (complex) was compared.ResultsFor 103/434 SMP (27.6%) in 93/334 patients (30.8%) the prevalence of various forms of SMP differed significantly (p < 0.001) among the four subgroups. SMP4 with a prevalence of 45.6% (n = 47) was the most frequent type, while SMP3 had low prevalence with 4.85% (n = 5). Small/moderate SMPs with thick (SMP1: n = 26) or thin BT (SMP2: n = 23) were seen in 26.2% and 23.3%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed significant differences between subgroups with large perforations (SMP3/SMP4) and those with small/moderate perforations (SMP1/SMP2) regarding anatomic risk factors such as residual ridge height (p = 0.023) and history of previous oral surgical interventions (OSI; p = 0.026). Most evidently, multivariate analysis showed that induction of large SMP with thin biotype (SMP4) was significantly affected by the presence of sinus septa (p < 0.022, OR: 2.415), reduced residual ridge height (p < 0.001, OR: 1.842), and previous OSI (p < 0.001, OR: 4.545). SSMR differed significantly (p < 0.001) between SMP4 (4.62 ± 0.49) and the subgroups SMP1 (1.11 ± 0.32), SMP2 (1.08 ± 028), and SMP3 (2.2 ± 0.55).ConclusionThe most frequently found type of SMP had characteristics of thin biotype and large size associated with risk factors such as sinus septa, reduced residual ridge, and previous surgical interventions and required challenging repair mechanisms assessing clinical impact.
Network connections within committees and board governance effectiveness
Authors: Zhao Hong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractResearch Question/Issue: The paper studies how network connections within board committees affect corporate governance effectiveness.Research Findings/Insights: Using detailed director biographical data of a large U.S. sample, we find that firms with more connections among compensation committee members exhibit less CEO excess compensation, and firms with more connections among audit committee members exhibit less earnings management. These positive effects of connections on corporate governance are more pronounced when a committee has shorter joint tenure, when the firm's information is more opaque, when the firm's CEO is more powerful, or when external governance is weaker. To address endogeneity concerns, we further exploit exogenous departures of directors and continue to find that connections among committee members lead to more effective governance.Theoretical/Academic Implications: Our paper's findings suggest that network connections among directors improve governance effectiveness. This relation is consistent with sociology views that social connections foster information sharing, opinion exchange, and coordination. Our paper complements previous studies on board connections that mainly focus on whether connections between boards and CEOs impair board monitoring. Our paper also shows that director network connection is an important board characteristic.Practitioner/Policy Implications: Our paper's results lend support to the perspective that director network connections can be valuable to firms. Network connection with other board members is an important part of a director's human capital. Therefore, hiring new directors that are connected to the incumbent members can be beneficial to firms at least in certain settings.
Loss of SMARCB1 promotes autophagy and facilitates tumour progression in chordoma by transcriptionally activating ATG5
Authors: Li Mingxuan , Shen Yutao , Xiong Yujia , Wang Shuai , Li Chuzhong , Bai Jiwei , Zhang Yazhuo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesSWI/SNF‐related matrix‐associated actin‐dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily B member 1 (SMARCB1) loss is associated with a poor prognosis in chordoma, while the mechanism remains largely unclear. Here, we aim to explore the function and regulatory mechanisms of SMARCB1 in chordoma.Materials and MethodsThe effect of SMARCB1 on chordoma cells was investigated in vitro and in vivo. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing was used to investigate the mechanisms of SMARCB1 in chordoma. The association between SMARCB1 and autophagy was validated by Western blot, immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, the ATG5 expression in chordoma tissue was assessed using immunohistochemistry and correlated with patient survival.ResultsSMARCB1 inhibited the malignant phenotype of chordoma cells in vitro and in vivo, supporting a tumour suppressor role of SMARCB1 in chordoma. ATG5‐mediated autophagy was identified as a potential downstream pathway of SMARCB1. Mechanistically, SMARCB1 bound directly to the ATG5 promoter and epigenetically inhibited its transcription, which decreased ATG5 expression and impaired autophagy. Additionally, autophagy inhibitor chloroquine had a potential anti‐cancer effect on chordoma cells in vitro. Moreover, high ATG5 expression was observed in recurrent chordoma patients, which independently correlated with adverse outcomes.ConclusionsTaken together, our results revealed that the SMARCB1/ATG5 axis is a promising therapeutic target for chordoma and autophagy inhibitors may be effective agents for chordoma treatment.
Circular RNAs in cell cycle regulation: Mechanisms to clinical significance
Authors: Xiao Wei , Li Juan , Hu June , Wang Lingzhi , Huang Jiang‐Rong , Sethi Gautam , Ma Zhaowu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs), a type of non‐coding RNA, are single‐stranded circularized molecules characterized by high abundance, evolutionary conservation and cell development‐ and tissue‐specific expression. A large body of studies has found that circRNAs exert a wide variety of functions in diverse biological processes, including cell cycle. The cell cycle is controlled by the coordinated activation and deactivation of cell cycle regulators. CircRNAs exert mutifunctional roles by regulating gene expression via various mechanisms. However, the functional relevance of circRNAs and cell cycle regulation largely remains to be elucidated. Herein, we briefly describe the biogenesis and mechanistic models of circRNAs and summarize their functions and mechanisms in the regulation of critical cell cycle modulators, including cyclins, cyclin‐dependent kinases and cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors. Moreover, we highlight the participation of circRNAs in cell cycle‐related signalling pathways and the clinical value of circRNAs as promising biomarkers or therapeutic targets in diseases related to cell cycle disorder.
Tiger density, movements, and immigration outside of a tiger source site in Thailand
Authors: Phumanee Worrapan , Steinmetz Robert , Phoonjampa Rungnapa , Weingdow Suthon , Phokamanee Surachai , Bhumpakphan Naris , Savini Tommaso 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLandscape‐scale strategies for conserving wild tigers emphasize the role of core breeding populations (source sites) to replenish surrounding areas which have lost tigers. In Southeast Asia, a few potential source sites remain, particularly Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand (HKK). We investigated tiger density in two reserves (Mae Wong, Khlong Lan: MWKL) adjacent to HKK where tigers and their prey were scarce due to historic poaching but current management offered effective protection. Camera trapping revealed 10 adult tigers (four males, six females), at least two of which had immigrated from HKK. Spatially explicit tiger density was 0.359 tigers/100 km2, 5.6 times lower than HKK. The population was breeding, with six cubs observed. Tiger movements (measured by σ, the spatial scale parameter) were twice as extensive in MWKL as in HKK, indicative of prey scarcity in MWKL. The disparity in density between MWKL and HKK reveals that tiger recovery is a slow process when prey are scarce, even when recovery areas are apparently well‐managed and connected to a source site. We review source‐recovery dynamics of tigers in other sites in Asia and find that low prey impedes landscape‐scale recoveries elsewhere as well.
Tralokinumab bei atopischer Dermatitis
Authors: Wollenberg Andreas , Weidinger Stephan , Worm Margitta , Bieber Thomas 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungAtopische Dermatitis (AD) ist eine häufige chronisch‐entzündliche Krankheit mit rezidivierenden ekzematösen Läsionen und starkem Pruritus. Sie kann erhebliche negative Auswirkungen auf die Betroffenen haben. Zur komplexen Pathophysiologie der AD tragen genetische Prädisposition und umweltbedingte Provokationen wesentlich bei. Mechanistisch können diese Einflüsse die Störung der epidermalen Barriere, Anomalien des Mikrobioms der Haut und eine in Richtung Typ‐2‐Immunität verschobene Immunantwort fördern. Unser zunehmendes Verständnis der beteiligten immunologischen Prozesse unterstreicht eine Schlüsselrolle von Interleukin‐13 (IL‐13). Diese Übersicht bewertet Tralokinumab, einen hochaffinen monoklonalen Antikörper, der spezifisch an IL‐13 bindet und dieses inhibiert.Basierend auf Ergebnissen einer Dosisfindungsstudie wurde Tralokinumab 300 mg alle zwei Wochen (Q2W) subkutan (SC) in drei relevanten klinischen Phase‐III‐Studien bei erwachsenen Patienten mit mittelschwerer bis schwerer AD untersucht, die unter alleiniger Behandlung mit topischen Kortikosteroiden unzureichend kontrolliert wurde. Tralokinumab war einem Placebo hinsichtlich des Anteils an Patienten, die IGA 0/1 und EASI‐75 in Woche 16 (primäre Endpunkte) erreichten, signifikant überlegen und verbesserte zudem die Werte für schlimmsten täglichen Pruritus, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) und Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) (sekundäre Endpunkte). Das Ansprechen nach 16 Wochen dauerte während der Nachsorge an. Zudem wurde die Behandlung mit Tralokinumab bei einer dem Placebo vergleichbaren Gesamthäufigkeit und Schwere unerwünschter Ereignisse gut vertragen.
TYK2‐Inhibition: Potenzial bei der Behandlung chronisch‐entzündlicher Immunerkrankungen
Authors: Ghoreschi Kamran , Augustin Matthias , Baraliakos Xenofon , Krönke Gerhard , Schneider Matthias , Schreiber Stefan , Schulze‐Koops Hendrik , Zeißig Sebastian , Thaçi Diamant 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungIn den letzten Jahrzehnten sind immunvermittelte chronisch‐entzündliche Krankheiten zu führenden Ursachen für Morbidität und Mortalität in westlichen Ländern geworden. Obwohl zahlreiche Faktoren als ursächlich für diese Erkrankungen vermutet werden, ist eine vereinende Ätiologie nach wie vor unbekannt.Diese Übersicht fasst den aktuellen Stand der wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse und unseres Verständnisses zur Rolle von Nicht‐Rezeptor‐Tyrosinkinasen zusammen und befasst sich dabei insbesondere mit der Rolle der Januskinase TYK2 bei Autoimmun‐ und immunvermittelten Erkrankungen sowie mit den klinischen Auswirkungen ihrer Hemmung.Eine Gruppe von Fachleuten auf diesem Gebiet hat die wissenschaftliche Evidenz und die molekularen Überlegungen zur TYK2‐Inhibierung und ihrer klinischen Anwendung erörtert. Unser Review dieses Treffens soll einen umfassenden Überblick über das klinische Profil der TYK2‐Hemmung vermitteln. Dabei wird auch ihr Potenzial bei der zielgerichteten pharmakologischen Therapie chronischer Autoimmun‐ und immunvermittelter Erkrankungen mit besonderem Fokus auf entzündliche Erkrankungen der Haut betrachtet.
Status quo und Perspektiven der Hautkliniken in Deutschland: Versorgungsspektren und Personalsituation
Authors: Augustin Matthias , Girbig Gefion , Hertl Michael , Elsner Peter , Welzel Julia , Honak Laura , Hischke Sandra , Biedermann Tilo 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDie stationäre Versorgung in Deutschland ist seit Einführung des DRG‐gestützten Entgeltsystems einem Wandel unterworfen. Über wichtige Differenzierungsfaktoren wie das Versorgungsspektrum und die personelle Situation in den Hautkliniken lagen bislang keine Publikationen vor.MethodenVersorgungswissenschaftliche Analyse der 115 Hautkliniken im Oktober 2019 mittels eines strukturierten Erhebungsbogens.ErgebnisseDas Versorgungsspektrum umfasste durchschnittlich zu 31,0 % allgemeine Dermatologie, 33,6 % operative Dermatologie, 15,6 % Onkologie und 10,1 % Allergologie. Die Kliniken wiesen durchschnittlich 14 Vollzeitstellen und 3 Teilzeitstellen auf (Universitätskliniken: 23/5, nicht universitäre Kliniken: 9/2). Der mittlere Frauenanteil der Ärzteteams betrug: Weiterbildungsärztinnen 73,3 %, Oberärztinnen 53,0 %, Direktorinnen 20,0 %. Die Bewerbersituation der Ober‐ und Fachärzte wurde überwiegend als schlecht, die der Assistenzärzte als vornehmlich gut bewertet. Schlechtere Bewerbersituationen lagen in den nicht universitären Kliniken sowie in ländlichen Räumen vor. Die Zufriedenheit der ärztlichen Direktoren mit den aktuellen Rahmenbedingungen der stationären Versorgung zeigte unabhängig von Universitätsklinik und nicht universitärer Klinik eine variable Einschätzung. Die Gefährdung der stationären Versorgung wurde jedoch überwiegend als niedrig eingeschätzt (71,6 %).SchlussfolgerungenDie Gesamtsituation der stationären dermatologischen Versorgung ist als überwiegend gut einzuordnen. Auch weisen die Hautkliniken weit überwiegend eine große Versorgungsbreite hinsichtlich der Vielfalt an Indikationen auf. Die teilweise als unzureichend bewerteten Rahmenbedingungen erfordern weitergehende Maßnahmen.
Structures and performance characteristics of dermatology hospitals in Germany. Current status and long‐term development
Authors: Girbig Gefion , Biedermann Tilo , Hertl Michael , Elsner Peter , Welzel Julia , Hischke Sandra , Honak Laura , Augustin Matthias 
Published: October 2021

SummaryBackgroundThe objective of the study was to characterize the performance of German dermatology hospitals.MethodsA structured survey questionnaire was sent out to all dermatology hospitals in October 2019 as part of a cross‐sectional analysis based on health care research.ResultsOf the 115 hospitals, 95 (82.6 %) responded, including 34 (35.8 %) university hospitals (UC) and 61 (64.2 %) non‐university hospitals (NUC), of which 78 % were urban (43 % UC, 57 % NUC) and 22 % rural (10 % UC, 90 % NUC). The dermatology departments comprised an average of 45 inpatient and 11 day‐care beds (UC: 52/13, NUC: 40/9). An average of 2,302 inpatients were cared for in 2018 (UC: 2,874, NUC: 1,983), and the case mix index was 0.76 (UC: 0.74, NUC: 0.77, overall range: 0.40–0.96). Mean length of stay was 5.5 days for UC, relevantly lower than 2013 (5.9 days) and 2011 (7.1 days) data, and also significantly lower for NUC at 5.9 (2018) versus 5.1 days (2013).ConclusionsGerman dermatology hospitals continue to have a high volume of inpatient care, with a comparison of the last six years again showing a compression with shorter length of stay and higher occupancy density. Dermatological hospitals represent an essential pillar of dermatological care.
Strukturen und Leistungsmerkmale der Hautkliniken in Deutschland: Aktuelle Bestandsaufnahme und Langzeitverlauf
Authors: Girbig Gefion , Biedermann Tilo , Hertl Michael , Elsner Peter , Welzel Julia , Hischke Sandra , Honak Laura , Augustin Matthias 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrundZielsetzung der Studie war die Charakterisierung der Leistungsdaten der deutschen Hautkliniken.MethodenIm Zuge einer versorgungswissenschaftlichen Querschnittsanalyse wurde im Oktober 2019 ein strukturierter Erhebungsbogen an alle Hautkliniken ausgesendet.ErgebnisseVon den 115 Kliniken antworteten 95 (82,6 %), davon 34 (35,8 %) Universitätskliniken (UK) und 61 (64,2 %) nicht universitäre Kliniken (NUK), davon 78 % aus dem städtischen (43 % UK, 57 % NUK) und 22 % aus dem ländlichen Raum (10 % UK, 90 % NUK). Die dermatologischen Abteilungen umfassten durchschnittlich 45 stationäre und 11 teilstationäre Betten (UK: 52/13, NUK: 40/9). Versorgt wurden 2018 durchschnittlich 2302 stationäre Patienten (UK: 2874, NUK: 1983), der Case‐Mix‐Index lag bei 0,76 (UK: 0,74, NUK: 0,77, gesamter Bereich: 0,40–0,96). Die mittlere Liegedauer lag bei den UK mit 5,5 Tagen relevant unter den Daten von 2013 (5,9 Tage) und 2011 (7,1 Tage), bei den NUK mit 5,9 (2018) versus 5,1 Tagen (2013) ebenfalls signifikant niedriger.SchlussfolgerungenDie deutschen Hautkliniken weisen nach wie vor ein hohes Aufkommen an stationärer Versorgungsleistung auf, bei dem sich im Vergleich der letzten sechs Jahre nochmals eine Verdichtung mit kürzerer Liegedauer und höherer Belegungsdichte zeigte. Hautkliniken stellen eine essenzielle Säule der dermatologischen Versorgung dar.
Inpatient care for skin diseases in Germany: multi‐source analysis on the current and future health care needs
Authors: Augustin Matthias , Girbig Gefion , Kis Anne , Bechara Falk G. , Hertl Michael , Hischke Sandra , Kaufmann Roland , Löffler Harald , Müller Cornelia S. L. , Simon Jan‐Christoph , Strömer Klaus , Welzel Julia , Wetzig Tino , Elsner Peter , Augustin Jobst , Löser Christoph , Biedermann Tilo 
Published: October 2021

SummaryBackgroundIn Germany, skin diseases are mainly treated in the 115 dermatological hospitals.MethodsHealth care and health economic analysis of dermatological inpatient care and prediction of future care needs based on primary and secondary data.ResultsOutpatient and inpatient care for dermatologic treatment indications is predominantly provided by dermatology specialists. Inpatient treatment was provided for 833,491 cases in 2018, corresponding to 4.21 % of all inpatient cases (19,808,687). Most common treatment cases were: epithelial skin cancer (total 87,386, of which dermatology clinics 52,608), followed by melanoma (23,917/17,774), psoriasis (19,291/13,352), erysipelas (73,337/11,260), other dermatitis (12,671/10,842), atopic dermatitis (AD) (11,421/9,734), and herpes zoster (26,249/9,652). With an average length of stay of 5.69 days, dermatology hospitals were in the bottom third. The proportion of inpatient indications cared for in dermatology hospitals was highest for prurigo (95.2 %), pemphigus (94.9 %), parapsoriasis (94.6 %), pemphigoid (90.3 %), eczema other than AD (85.6 %), and AD (85.2 %).While the total number of inpatient treatment cases in Germany has increased by an average of 17.5 % between 2000 and 2018, this is the case for 26.6 % of skin diseases and over 150 % for individual ones. The projection of current to future inpatient care suggests a continued high demand for inpatient care by dermatology hospitals.ConclusionInpatient dermatological care will continue to be an indispensable component of qualified, socially necessary care in Germany.