bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sarcocystis cristata sp. nov. (Apicomplexa, Sarcocystidae) in the imported great blue turaco Corythaeola cristata (Aves, Musophagidae)
Authors: Máca Ondřej , González-Solís David 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Species of Sarcocystis are parasitic protozoa in poikilothermic and homeothermic animals. Out of the 26 valid species in birds as intermediate hosts, none has been reported in those of the order Musophagiformes, such as the great blue turaco Corythaeola cristata (Vieillot, 1816), which is a bird endemic to Central and Western Africa. The examination of great blue turacos imported from the Central Africa Republic to Czech Republic allowed the morphological and molecular characterization of a new species of Sarcocystis.

Methods
Four turacos imported from the Central Africa Republic to a private breeder (Czech Republic) underwent parasitological examination for the presence of sarcocysts through wet mounts of breast, heart and leg muscles. Found parasites were molecularly and histologically studied by four loci (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, ITS1 and cox1) and haematoxylin and eosin staining, respectively.

Results
Three out of four examined birds harboured numerous sarcocysts in the breast and leg muscles. No macroscopic lesions where observed. Sarcocysts were microscopic, elongate and ribbon-shaped with a wall characterised by the presence of finger-shaped villar protrusions and filled with numerous elongate, banana-shaped bradyzoites, 11.87–14.84 × 2.05–2.92 µm in size. The new species was most closely related to Sarcocystisalbifronsi, Sarcocystisanasi, Sarcocystisatraii, Sarcocystischloropusae, Sarcocystisrileyi, Sarcocystiswenzeli and Sarcocystis sp. isolate from chicken in the four loci.

Conclusions
To our knowledge, this is the first species of Sarcocystis found in a musophagiform bird worldwide. Genetically, S. cristata sp. nov. represents a distinct species. Phylogenetic analyses are useful for predicting potential definitive hosts of the new Sarcocystis species.

graphical Abstract
Identification of DNA methylation signatures associated with poor outcome in lower-risk Stage, Size, Grade and Necrosis (SSIGN) score clear cell renal cell cancer
Authors: El Khoury Louis Y. , Fu Shuang , Hlady Ryan A. , Wagner Ryan T. , Wang Liguo , Eckel-Passow Jeanette E. , Castle Erik P. , Stanton Melissa L. , Thompson R. Houston , Parker Alexander S. , Ho Thai H. , Robertson Keith D. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Despite using prognostic algorithms and standard surveillance guidelines, 17% of patients initially diagnosed with low risk clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) ultimately relapse and die of recurrent disease, indicating additional molecular parameters are needed for improved prognosis.

Results
To address the gap in ccRCC prognostication in the lower risk population, we performed a genome-wide analysis for methylation signatures capable of distinguishing recurrent and non-recurrent ccRCCs within the subgroup classified as ‘low risk’ by the Mayo Clinic Stage, Size, Grade, and Necrosis score (SSIGN 0–3). This approach revealed that recurrent patients have globally hypermethylated tumors and differ in methylation significantly at 5929 CpGs. Differentially methylated CpGs (DMCpGs) were enriched in regulatory regions and genes modulating cell growth and invasion. A subset of DMCpGs stratified low SSIGN groups into high and low risk of recurrence in independent data sets, indicating that DNA methylation enhances the prognostic power of the SSIGN score.

Conclusions
This study reports a global DNA hypermethylation in tumors of recurrent ccRCC patients. Furthermore, DMCpGs were capable of discriminating between aggressive and less aggressive tumors, in addition to SSIGN score. Therefore, DNA methylation presents itself as a potentially strong biomarker to further improve prognostic power in patients with low risk SSIGN score (0–3).
An invasive mole with pulmonary metastases in a 55-year-old postmenopausal Syrian woman: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Ismail Sawsan , Mikhael Karen , Salloum Nehad , Alshehabi Zuheir 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Invasive mole is a subtype of gestational trophoblastic neoplasms (GTNs) that usually develops from the malignant transformation of trophoblastic tissue after molar evacuation. Invasive moles mostly occur in women of reproductive age, while they are extremely rare in postmenopausal women.

Case presentation
We present the case of a 55-year-old postmenopausal Syrian woman who was admitted to the emergency department at our hospital due to massive vaginal bleeding for 10 days accompanied by constant abdominal pain with diarrhea and vomiting. Following clinical, laboratory and radiological examination, total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed. Histologic examination of the resected specimens revealed the diagnosis of an invasive mole with pulmonary metastases that were diagnosed by chest computed tomography (CT). Following surgical resection, the patient was scheduled for combination chemotherapy. However, 2 weeks later the patient was readmitted to the emergency department due to severe hemoptysis and dyspnea, and later that day the patient died in spite of resuscitation efforts.

Conclusion
Although invasive moles in postmenopausal women have been reported previously, we believe our case is the first reported from Syria. Our case highlights the difficulties in diagnosing invasive moles in the absence of significant history of gestational trophoblastic diseases. The present study further reviews the diagnostic methods, histological characteristics and treatment recommendations.
Failed prey or peculiar necrolysis? Isolated ammonite soft body from the Late Jurassic of Eichstätt (Germany) with complete digestive tract and male reproductive organs
Authors: Klug Christian , Schweigert Günter , Tischlinger Helmut , Pochmann Helmut 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAmmonoid soft parts have been rarely described. Here, we document the soft parts of a perisphinctid ammonite from the early Tithonian of Wintershof near Eichstätt (Germany). This exceptional preservation was enabled by the special depositional conditions in the marine basins of the Solnhofen Archipelago. Here, we document this find and attempt to homologize its parts with various organs such as the digestive tract, reproductive organs, the mantle cavity with gills, and the hyponome, with differing degrees of reservation. Alternative interpretations are also taken into account. We suggest that the soft parts were separated from the conch either taphonomically (following necrolytical processes affecting the attachment structures) or during a failed predation, where a predator (fish or coleoid) removed the soft parts from the conch but then dropped them. This find is interesting because it adds to the knowledge of ammonite anatomy, which is normally hidden in the conch. The reproductive organs show traces of what might have been spermatophores, thus supporting the hypothesis that the microconchs represented the males.
Endectocides as a complementary intervention in the malaria control program: a systematic review
Authors: Khaligh Fereshteh Ghahvechi , Jafari Abbas , Silivanova Elena , Levchenko Mikhail , Rahimi Bahlol , Gholizadeh Saber 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Malaria is the most common vector-borne disease transmitted to humans by Anopheles mosquitoes. Endectocides and especially ivermectin will be available as a vector control tool soon. The current review could be valuable for trial design and clinical studies to control malaria transmission.

Methods
PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct were searched for original English published papers on (“Malaria chemical control” OR “Malaria elimination” OR “Anopheles vector control” OR “Malaria zooprophylaxis”) AND (“Systemic insecticides” OR “Endectocides” OR “Ivermectin”). The last search was from 19 June 2019 to 31 December 2019. It was updated on 17 November 2020. Two reviewers (SG and FGK) independently reviewed abstracts and full-text articles. Data were extracted by one person and checked by another. As meta-analyses were not possible, a qualitative summary of results was performed.

Results
Thirty-six published papers have used systemic insecticides/endectocides for mosquito control. Most of the studies (56.75%) were done on Anopheles gambiae complex species on doses from 150 μg/kg to 400 μg/kg in several studies. Target hosts for employing systemic insecticides/drugs were animals (44.2%, including rabbit, cattle, pig, and livestock) and humans (32.35%).

Conclusions
Laboratory and field studies have highlighted the potential of endectocides in malaria control. Ivermectin and other endectocides could soon serve as novel malaria transmission control tools by reducing the longevity of Anopheles mosquitoes that feed on treated hosts, potentially decreasing Plasmodium parasite transmission when used as mass drug administration (MDA).
MiR-206 regulates the progression of osteoporosis via targeting HDAC4
Authors: Lu Zhiyuan , Wang Dawei , Wang Xuming , Zou Jilong , Sun Jiabing , Bi Zhenggang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
More and more studies have confirmed that miRNAs play an important role in maintaining bone remodeling and bone metabolism. This study investigated the expression level of miR-206 in the serum of osteoporosis (OP) patients and explored the effect and mechanism of miR-206 on the occurrence and development of osteoporosis.

Methods
120 postmenopausal women were recruited, including 63 cases with OP and 57 women without OP. The levels of miR-206 were determined by qRT-PCR technology. Spearman correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation of miR-206 with bone mineral density (BMD). An ROC curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of miR-206 in osteoporosis. The effects of miR-206 on cell proliferation and cell apoptosis of hFOBs were measured by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Luciferase reporter gene assay was used to confirm the interaction of miR-206 and the 3′UTR of HDAC4.

Results
Serum miR-206 had low expression level in osteoporosis patient group compared with control group. The expression level of serum miR-206 had diagnostic value for osteoporosis, and the serum miR-206 levels were positively correlated with BMD. The down-regulated miR-206 could inhibit cell proliferation and promote cell apoptosis. Luciferase analysis indicated that HDAC4 was the target gene of miR-206.

Conclusions
MiR-206 could be used as a new potential diagnostic biomarker for osteoporosis, and in in vitro cell experiments, miR-206 may regulate osteoblast cell proliferation and apoptosis by targeting HDAC4.
Rendezvous endovascular common carotid artery stenting (RECCAS) technique for symptomatic steno-occlusive disease
Authors: Wang M. T. , Schembri M. , Kok H. K. , Maingard J. , Foo M. , Lamanna A. , Brooks M. , Asadi H. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis report describes a patient who presented with acute but transient right arm weakness and altered sensation secondary to severe stenosis of the left common carotid artery (CCA) origin. Endovascular stenting of the stenosed origin was achieved utilising a novel rendezvous technique through combined retrograde common carotid artery and anterograde transfemoral approaches. This technique has numerous potential advantages over traditional transfemoral endovascular and open retrograde common carotid artery approaches. It allows increased procedural control and success in traversing the stenosis and provides a smooth transition for the stent delivery catheter. An open cutdown procedure or open surgical technique is not required. Our patient recovered well from the procedure with no complications within the three-month follow up period.
The relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and intestinal parasites in individuals from Khartoum state, Sudan: a case-control study
Authors: Yousif Abd Elbagi Yasir , Abd Alla Ahmed Bakheet , Saad Mohammed Baha Eldin 
Published: January 2021

Background: In developing countries, Helicobacter pylori infection is common, as are intestinal parasites. Socioeconomic circumstances and low personal hygiene lead to the spread of these infections. This research aimed to evaluate the relationship between intestinal parasites and H. pylori in Khartoum, Sudan. Methods: This study was conducted in various hospitals in Khartoum between June and October 2018. The study involved 200 individuals: 100 patients with H. pylori as a case group and 100 healthy individuals as a control group. A stool sample was taken from each individual, and wet preparation, saturated sodium chloride flotation and formal ether concentration were used to detect intestinal parasites. Results: The results showed that 23% of H. pylori patients and 10% of healthy individuals had gastrointestinal parasites; Entamoeba histolytica was found in 12% of H. pylori cases followed by Entamoeba coli (7%) and Giardia lamblia (4%). Control group: Entamoeba histolytica in 5% followed by G. lamblia in 3% and E. coli in 2% of individuals. There was a significant difference in the prevalence of intestinal parasites between groups (P = 0.013). The prevalence rate of intestinal parasites among men and women was 24% and 22%, respectively, in the case group, and 9% and 11%, respectively, in the control group. In the case group, the highest prevalence rates (40% and 38%) were found among the age groups 1-15 and 46-60 years old, respectively, while the lowest rate (10.7%) was found among the 31-45 age group. In the control group, the highest prevalence rate (15%) was among the 31-45 age group, the lowest prevalence rate (8%) was found among the 16-30 age group. Conclusion: Together, we found that intestinal parasites are more common in patients with H. pylori. We also noticed that the rate of infection was not affected by gender while the age group was affected.
Journal editors: How do their editing incomes compare?
Authors: Lee Janice C. L. , Watt Jennifer , Kelsall Diane , Straus Sharon 
Published: January 2021

Background:The work of journal editors is essential to producing high-quality literature, and editing can be a very rewarding career; however, the profession may not be immune to gender pay gaps found in many professions and industries, including academia and clinical medicine. Our study aimed to quantify remuneration for journal editors from core clinical journals, determine if a gender pay gap exists, and assess if there are remuneration differences across publishing models and journal characteristics.Methods:We completed an online survey of journal editors with substantial editing roles including section editors and editors-in-chief, identified from the Abridged Index Medicus “Core Clinical” journals in MEDLINE. We analyzed information on demographics, editing income, and journal characteristics using a multivariable partial proportional odds model for ordinal logistic regression.Results:There were 166 survey respondents (response rate of 9%), which represented editors from 69 of 111 journals (62%). A total of 140 fully completed surveys were analyzed (95 males and 45 females); 50 (36%) editors did not receive remuneration for editorial work. No gender pay gap and no difference in remuneration between editors who worked in subscription-based publishing vs. open access journals were detected. Editors who were not primarily health care providers were more likely to have higher editing incomes (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18-7.46). Editors who worked more than 10 hours per week editing earned more than those who worked 10 hours or less per week (adjusted OR 16.7, 95%CI 7.02-39.76).Conclusions:We were unable to detect a gender pay gap and a difference in remuneration between editors who worked in subscription-based publishing and those in open access journals. More than one third of editors surveyed from core clinical journals did not get remunerated for their editing work.
The Paramak: automated parametric geometry construction for fusion reactor designs.
Authors: Shimwell Jonathan , Billingsley John , Delaporte-Mathurin Rémi , Morbey Declan , Bluteau Matthew , Shriwise Patrick , Davis Andrew 
Published: January 2021

During the conceptual design process of fusion reactors it is useful to rapidly prototype different design concepts and assess their suitability against a range of high level requirements. Rapid prototyping allows the 'fail early' mantra of other fields to be applied to engineering design. Furthermore, the rapid generation of low fidelity analysis allows fast exploration of design space, which enables better decisions to be made during concept selection and the detailed design phase. The Paramak is an open-source tool that aims to provide automated parameter driven 3D CAD models for fusion reactor components and magnetic fusion reactors. The geometry produced is compatible with several analysis workflows and this allows iterative automated model building and analysis to help steer the design concept optimisation process. The Paramak uses CadQuery 2 to create the 3D CAD model. The Paramak framework is used to create a few example reactor configurations including: a spherical reactor, a regular large radius tokamak and a compact submersion tank reactor. Input parameters for the various reactors that the Paramak can generate generally fall into three categories: continuous ranges such as blanket thickness, integer ranges such as number of toroidal field coils and categorical parameters such as type of divertor. The Paramak facilitates parameter studies where users can investigate the impact of input design parameters on the reactor performance. The use of modern software practices allows the geometry to be continuously tested in analysis workflows to ensure it is fit for purpose. The generation of output metrics from input parameters lends itself to the use of data science and machine learning approaches in order to steer the design. The Paramak provides rapid construction of analysis ready CAD in a manner that allows the designer to save time when exploring the design space for design studies and facilitate automated generative design.
Optimal Team Composition: Diversity to Foster Implicit Team Incentives
Authors: Glover Jonathan , Kim Eunhee 
Published: January 2021

We study optimal team design. In our model, a principal assigns either heterogeneous agents to a team (a diverse team) or homogenous agents to a team (a specialized team) to perform repeated team production. We assume that specialized teams exhibit a productive substitutability (e.g., interchangeable efforts with decreasing returns to total effort), whereas diverse teams exhibit a productive complementarity (e.g., cross-functional teams). Diverse teams have an inherent advantage in fostering desirable implicit/relational incentives that team members can provide to each other (tacit cooperation). In contrast, specialization both complicates the provision of cooperative incentives by altering the punishment agents can impose on each other for short expected career horizons and fosters undesirable implicit incentives (tacit collusion) for long expected horizons. As a result, expected compensation is first decreasing and then increasing in the discount factor for specialized teams, while expected compensation is always decreasing in the discount factor for diverse teams. We use our results to develop empirical implications about the association between team tenure and team composition, pay-for-performance sensitivity, and team culture.This paper was accepted by Brian Bushee, accounting.
DEVELOPMENT OF A DRUG BASED ON THE FRUITS OF CHOKEBERRY (ARÓNIA MELANOCÁRPA (MICHX.) EL-LIOT) IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY
Authors: Andreyeva Valeriya Yur'yevna , Sheykin Vladimir Viktorovich , Kalinkina Galina Il'inichna , Razina Tat'yana Georgiyevna , Zuyeva Yelena Petrovna , Rybalkina Ol'ga Yur'yevna , Ul'rikh Alina Valer'yevna 
Published: January 2021

Black chokeberry is an official drug raw material and is used as a multivitamin drug. Black chokeberry guarantees the supply of raw materials as it grows all over the Russian Federation end is a promising sourse of phenolic compounds for new drugs.
Objective: to develop the most favorable conditions for extraction of bioactive compounds from black chokeberry and to assess its anti-metastatic activity.
To extract bioactive compounds from black chokeberry the method of multistep repercolation with completed cycle was used. To assess the factors controlling the raw material extraction the technique of mathematic simulation for latin square. The technique of liquid anthocyanins and catechins rich black chokeberry extraction was given with the following parameters: extragent – 95% acidified alcohol, phase relation – 1 : 5, number of percolators – 5.
The content of biologically active substances in the extract obtained with 95% acidified ethyl alcohol was determined by conventional methods. In the composition of the extract, the content of anthocyanins (5.83±0.25%), catechins (0.22±0.02%), tannins (4.65±0.30%), phenolic acids (0.27±0.01%) and other biologically active substances was determined. To assess the antitumor properties of the chokeberry fruit extract, the Lewis lung carcinoma model was used. It was found that the proposed extract reliably inhibits the development of metastases and increases the antimetastatic activity of cyclophosphamide in combined treatment, is of interest as a means for increasing the effectiveness of tumor chemotherapy.
Groups in which each subnormal subgroup is commensurable with some normal subgroup
Authors: Dardano Ulderico , De Mari Fausto 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We study groups in which each subnormal subgroup is commensurable with a normal subgroup.
Recall that two subgroups 𝐻 and 𝐾 are termed commensurable if

H
∩
K

H\cap K

has finite index in both 𝐻 and 𝐾.
Among other results, we show that if a (sub)soluble group 𝐺 has the above property, then 𝐺 is finite-by-metabelian, i.e.,

G
′′

G^{\prime\prime}

is finite.
Selective cross‐linking of coinciding protein assemblies by in‐gel cross‐linking mass spectrometry
Authors: Hevler Johannes F , Lukassen Marie V , Cabrera‐Orefice Alfredo , Arnold Susanne , Pronker Matti F , Franc Vojtech , Heck Albert J R 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCross‐linking mass spectrometry has developed into an important method to study protein structures and interactions. The in‐solution cross‐linking workflows involve time and sample consuming steps and do not provide sensible solutions for differentiating cross‐links obtained from co‐occurring protein oligomers, complexes, or conformers. Here we developed a cross‐linking workflow combining blue native PAGE with in‐gel cross‐linking mass spectrometry (IGX‐MS). This workflow circumvents steps, such as buffer exchange and cross‐linker concentration optimization. Additionally, IGX‐MS enables the parallel analysis of co‐occurring protein complexes using only small amounts of sample. Another benefit of IGX‐MS, demonstrated by experiments on GroEL and purified bovine heart mitochondria, is the substantial reduction of undesired over‐length cross‐links compared to in‐solution cross‐linking. We next used IGX‐MS to investigate the complement components C5, C6, and their hetero‐dimeric C5b6 complex. The obtained cross‐links were used to generate a refined structural model of the complement component C6, resembling C6 in its inactivated state. This finding shows that IGX‐MS can provide new insights into the initial stages of the terminal complement pathway.