bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aligned Growth of Semiconductor Nanowires on Scratched Amorphous Substrates
Authors: Alus Lotem , Brontvein Olga , Kossoy Anna , Feldman Yishay , Joselevich Ernesto 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAligned growth of planar semiconductor nanowires (NWs) on crystalline substrates has been widely demonstrated during the past two decades and was used for the fabrication of a large variety of devices. However, the dependence on single‐crystal substrates is a major obstacle in the way of implementing NW‐based applications in today's silicon‐ and glass‐based technologies. Here, the guided growth of semiconductor NWs is demonstrated along nanoscale‐depth scratches, created in a nonlithographic process on amorphous oxidized silicon wafers and soda‐lime glass. Scratches are created on the substrates in a few seconds using a robust and scalable mechanical polishing process. Growth of planar NWs of different materials (CdS, CdSe, ZnSe, and ZnO) guided by scratches on Si/SiO2 wafers and glass is demonstrated and studied. Photoluminescence measurements from individual NWs grown along scratches show that the interaction with the substrate preserves the optical properties of the material. Crystallographic analysis indicates that all materials grow as single crystals, and the influence of the scratches on the different materials is discussed in terms of morphology, crystallinity, and crystallographic orientations. This process opens the way to large‐scale integration of NWs into functional devices by guided growth for various applications including displays, polarized light sensors, and smart windows.
A Pyrite Iron Disulfide Cathode with a Copper Current Collector for High‐Energy Reversible Magnesium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Shen Yinlin , Zhang Qinghua , Wang Yujia , Gu Lin , Zhao Xiangyu , Shen Xiaodong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOwing to its low cost, high theoretical capacity, and environmentally friendly characteristics, pyrite FeS2 demonstrates promise as a cathode material for high‐energy metal‐anode‐based rechargeable batteries. When it is used in a rechargeable magnesium battery (RMB), the electrode couple exhibits an extremely low theoretical volume change upon full discharge. However, its electrochemical Mg‐ion storage is considerably hindered by slow reaction kinetics. In this study, a high‐performance FeS2 cathode for RMBs using a copper current collector is reported, which is involved in cathode reactions via a reversible redox process between copper and cuprous sulfide. This phase transformation with the formation of copper nanowires during discharge activates the redox reactions of FeS2 via a two‐step and four‐electron Mg‐ion transfer that dominates the cathode reactions. As a result, the as‐prepared FeS2 nanomaterial cathode delivers a significantly enhanced reversible capacity of 679 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1. The corresponding energy density of 714 Wh kg−1 is superior to those of all previously reported metal chalcogenide cathodes in RMBs or hybrid batteries using a Mg metal anode. Notably, the as‐assembled FeS2–Mg battery can operate over 1000 cycles with a good capacity retention at 400 mA g−1.
Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Inclusive Pedagogy Increase Retention and Success Outcomes of STEM Students
Authors: Alexiades Alexander V. , Haeffner Melissa A. , Reano Darryl , Janis Maxine , Black Jessica , Sonoda Kazuhiro , Howard Melinda , Fiander Cristy , Buck Michael 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe i‐NATURE (Indigenous iNtegration of Aquatic sciences and Traditional Ecological Knowledge for Undergraduate culturally Responsive Education) is a culturally relevant, project‐, and place‐based curriculum that included extensive applied research experience contextualized for specific Indigenous communities. The program developed a model for incorporating Traditional Ecological Knowledge into STEM undergraduate education which included direct participation of several Indigenous communities in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. After implementation of the i‐NATURE model, we tested whether the inclusive pedagogical strategies used in our intervention improved retention and learning outcomes for the students who participated in the i‐NATURE program. We report a highly significant difference in annual retention and mean course grade point average in the Environmental Science and Studies Programs pre‐ and post‐implementation of the i‐NATURE curriculum. We also report an increase in student interest in pursuing STEM careers and the impacts of the i‐NATURE curricula on two undergraduate participants. This study indicates that academic and research experiences in STEM higher education programming, that incorporates cultural relevant ways of knowing and is reflective of Indigenous community values, can improve student success outcomes and garner interest in pursuing STEM careers.
Limitation of model‐based estimations of the hydrogen adsorption capacities in nanoporous materials: A molecular simulation study
Authors: Yoon Sunghyun , Chung Yongchul G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThere has been a recent report regarding the existence of solid‐like H2 adsorption in nanoporous materials. Herein, we employed grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations on a series of metal–organic frameworks with 1D and 3D channels to investigate the limitation of a model‐based approach in estimating the H2 adsorption capacities. The excess hydrogen uptakes of several structures with pore sizes ranging from 5 to 37 Å were computationally predicted. The pore volume and the density of adsorbed H2 were obtained by fitting the Tóth equation to the excess H2 isotherm data from the simulation. The results were compared with the data obtained from direct simulation. Sensitivity analyses show that the pore volume and the density of adsorbed H2, predicted from model‐based fitting, are not accurate enough to estimate the adsorbed H2 density and the pore volume, especially for the materials with 1D channels.
Synthesis of Hyperbranched Polymer for 3D Printing
Authors: Song Yibo , Yang Fahu , Zheng Zhenwei , Wu Pingping , Huo Lixia , Guo Jinshan , Wang Jingxia 
Published: August 2021

Main observation and conclusion3D printing has been developing rapidly in recent years owing to its application in academic and industry areas, but the poor mechanical property of printing materials limits its application. Herein, a photocurable resin with good mechanical property was obtained based on hyperbranched polymer synthesized through the reaction of carboxylic acids with isocyanates catalyzed by magnesium stearate. Three kinds of hyperbranched polymers with different molecular weight were fabricated by modulating the content of isocyanates. By mixing hyperbranched polymer with acryloylmorpholine, polyethylene glycol diacrylate 400 and photoinitiator of 819, the photocurable resin was obtained. The influence of various factors on mechanical properties of samples was investigated such as molecular weight of hyperbranched polymer and the light exposure time. Comparing with the commercial resin, the flexural strength (116.06 MPa) and impact strength (34.59 kJ/m2) of the resultant resin increased by 21.2% and 20.8%, respectively.
Carrier Transport Layer‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Liang , Yang Shuzhang , Han Qianji , Yu Fengyang , Zhang Hong , Cai Xiaoyong , Zhang Chu , Gao Liguo , Ma Tingli 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPower conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of up to 25.5 % have been reported for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Thus, they have shown great potential for commercial applications. Therefore, simplifying technological process and reducing production costs have been a widespread concern among scientific and industrial communities. In this study, PSCs are prepared with the simplest device architecture (FTO/MAPbI3/carbon). A high‐quality perovskite film with few interface defects and good carrier transport is obtained by tuning the p‐n properties, matching energy levels, and enhancing carrier collection and transport. A PCE of 12.01 % is achieved, which is the best reported to date for this device structure. The device also shows excellent long‐term stability, owing to the elimination of charge transport layers and the usage of hydrophobic materials. This study provides a new approach to reduce production costs and simplify production of PSCs.
Crystallization of hydrogenated biodiesel–ethanol–diesel blend based on the solid–liquid equilibrium theory
Authors: Mei Deqing , Gao Yaping , Adu‐Mensah Derick , Zuo Lei , Zhang Qi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHydrogenated biodiesel–ethanol–diesel is a novel ternary fuel blend containing easily volatile, moderately volatile, and hardly volatile components. In this study, based on the thermodynamic phase equilibrium, a model was established to depict the phase transition under changeable pressure and temperature conditions. The crystallization behavior of hydrogenated biodiesel–ethanol–diesel ternary blends was estimated, and the influence of ethanol on the low temperature performance of ternary blends was interpreted in contrast to that of hydrogenated biodiesel–diesel binary blends. It was revealed that the crystallization points of ternary blends such as PHC5E5 (5% partially hydrogenated cottonseed biodiesel + 5% ethanol + 90% diesel), PHC10E10 (10% partially hydrogenated cottonseed biodiesel + 10% ethanol + 80% diesel), and PHC15E15 (15% partially hydrogenated cottonseed biodiesel + 15% ethanol + 70% diesel) were reduced by 4.5 K, 5.7 K and 6.1 K respectively as compared with their countering binary blends. Declines of 4.3 K, 5.3 K and 6.1 K in crystallization points were also demonstrated between partially hydrogenated soybean biodiesel ternary blends and binary blends. Meanwhile, apparent drops in crystallization quantities were perceived between ternary blends and binary blends under different temperatures. The role of ethanol affecting the crystallization of ternary blends was then comprehensively analyzed. At the onset of crystallization, ethanol was simultaneously precipitated in a eutectic manner with compositions of high melting point, impeding the tendency of nucleation and lagging the growth of solid crystals. In addition, most of non‐crystallized ethanol distributed in liquid fuel as well as the interstices of the network and the plate crystal. It beneficially increased the solubility of the crystalline composition in the base liquid to some extent. That is to say, the crystallization points and crystallization quantities were evaluated based on the solid–liquid equilibrium theory, which can provide an effective and reliable method for optimizing the low temperature performance of hydrogenated biodiesel.
A novel method for the identification of flame front’s position on thermoacoustic coupling combustion oscillations
Authors: Gao Lanzhou , Peng Shini , Huang Xiaomei , Kang Yinhu , Su Shan , Sun Mengxiao , Li Yuemin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe flame front area is an important parameter to quantify the heat release rate. However, the limitations imposed by the measuring instruments and the measurement methodologies make it difficult to determine the flame front position in an image. This work introduces a method to detect and optimize the flame front boundary. A high‐speed camera was employed to continuously capture the flame images. By setting appropriate intensity thresholds, the impact noise can be eliminated from the image and the flame front boundary can be determined. The binary diagram of the image was morphologically processed to obtain the normalized area fluctuations of the flame front in a temporally resolved manner. Two flame types and combustion regimes were studied. A LABVIEW‐based program was used for the synchronous triggering of the camera, the photomultiplier, and the microphones. The normalized area and photomultiplier output signals of a multiple flame burner obtained within the same period were compared and combined with the spectrum information from the microphone in the cavity. The trend charts were investigated in terms of the Pearson correlation coefficient. The results showed a strong correlation, thereby verifying the feasibility of this method.
Large devaluations and inflation inequality: Replicating Cravino and Levchenko (2017) with evidence from Brazil
Authors: Gouvêa Raphael 
Published: August 2021

SummaryIn the aftermath of large devaluations, prices of tradable goods/lower‐priced varieties increase significantly more than the prices of nontradables/higher‐priced varieties. These relative price changes may lead to inflation inequality when household consumption baskets are different across the distribution of income. Using Cravino and Levchenko's (2017, https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20151551) methodology, we show that inflation of poor households in Brazil was at least 11 percentage points higher than that of the rich in the aftermath of the 2002 large devaluation. A detailed case study of the City of São Paulo estimates an inflation inequality ranging from 8 to 11 percentage points in the city.
Fluoride Pharmacokinetics in Urine and Plasma Following Multiple Doses of MK‐8507, an Investigational, Oral, Once‐Weekly Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor
Authors: Gillespie Gillian , Jackson Rudd Deanne , Zhang Saijuan , Schaeffer Andrea , Tomek Charles , Larson Patrick , Stoch S. Aubrey , Iwamoto Marian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMK‐8507 is an investigational HIV‐1 nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor being developed for the treatment of HIV‐1 infection. MK‐8507 contains 2 trifluoromethyl groups that may result in fluoride release through metabolism, but the extent of MK‐8507–related fluoride release in humans has yet to be determined. This double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, 2‐period, parallel‐group, multiple‐dose trial in healthy participants without HIV‐1 who were administered a fluoride‐restricted diet and once‐weekly doses of MK‐8507 aimed to estimate the relationship between MK‐8507 dose and fluoride exposure. A total of 15 adult male and 3 adult female (of non‐childbearing potential) participants were randomized to receive MK‐8507 200 mg (n = 6), MK‐8507 800 mg (n = 6), or placebo (n = 6). Change from baseline in mean daily fluoride excretion averaged over 7 days following the administration of MK‐8507 200 mg resulted in a net mean increase of 19.8 μmol (90% confidence interval, 12.2‐27.4) relative to placebo and did not exceed 57 μmol, a threshold related to the mean difference between the daily reference dose set by the US Environmental Protection Agency and the average dietary fluoride intake in the United States. However, daily urinary fluoride excretion exceeded the threshold following administration of 800 mg MK‐8507 (75.1 μmol [90% confidence interval, 67.5‐82.7]). Assuming a linear relationship between MK‐8507 dose and estimated mean daily fluoride released at steady‐state, data interpolation suggests that the US Environmental Protection Agency reference dose for fluoride would not be exceeded in most patients when administering MK‐8507 at doses currently under clinical investigation (≤400 mg once weekly).
In vivo study measuring middle ear pressure during various stages of Eustachian tube balloon dilation
Authors: Azadarmaki Roya , How Andrew , Dean Colin , DeLorenzo Kendall 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveDocumentation of middle ear pressure at different stages of balloon Eustachian tuboplasty and assessing risk of barotrauma with this procedure.Main outcome measuresMiddle ear pressure measurements in patients undergoing balloon Eustachian tuboplasty at the time of pre‐insertion, catheter insertion, inflation, one minute post inflation, deflation, and catheter withdrawal, as well as documentation of pressure change in the middle ear between different stages.ResultsA total of 24 patients and 45 Eustachian tubes, 11 females and 13 males, with an average age of 55.6 years were included in this study. Middle ear pressure values during the active stages of the procedure varied from −356 to +159 daPa. The overall greatest negative pressure change measured was −515 daPa from catheter insertion to immediately post balloon inflation. The overall greatest positive pressure change measured was +418 daPa from immediate catheter inflation to one minute post inflation.ConclusionsThere was no consistent pattern of middle ear pressure change noted during the different stages of balloon Eustachian tuboplasty as both positive and negative middle ear pressure changes were noted at the time of balloon dilation. Dangerous levels of middle ear pressure raising concern for barotrauma were not identified during the procedure.Level of evidenceLevel IV.
A review of how we assess denitrification in oyster habitats and proposed guidelines for future studies
Authors: Ray Nicholas E. , Hancock Boze , Brush Mark J. , Colden Allison , Cornwell Jeffrey , Labrie Micheline S. , Maguire Timothy J. , Maxwell Tashena , Rogers Daniel , Stevick Rebecca J. , Unruh Amber , Kellogg Mary Lisa , Smyth Ashley R. , Fulweiler Robinson W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractExcess nitrogen (N) loading and resulting eutrophication plague coastal ecosystems globally. Much work is being done to remove N before it enters coastal receiving waters, yet these efforts are not enough. Novel techniques to remove N from within the coastal ecosystem are now being explored. One of these techniques involves using oysters and their habitats to remove N via denitrification. There is substantial interest in incorporating oyster‐mediated enhancement of benthic denitrification into N management plans and trading schemes. Measuring denitrification, however, is expensive and time consuming. For large‐scale adoption of oyster‐mediated denitrification into nutrient management plans, we need an accurate model that can be applied across ecosystems. Despite significant effort to measure and report rates of denitrification in oyster habitats, we are unable to create such a model, due to methodological differences between studies, incomplete data reporting, and inconsistent measurements of environmental variables that may be used to predict denitrification. To make a model that can predict denitrification in oyster habitats a reality, a common sampling and reporting scheme is needed across studies. Here, we provide relevant background on how oysters may stimulate denitrification, and the importance of oyster‐mediated denitrification in remediating excess N loading to coastal systems. We then summarize methods commonly used to measure denitrification in oyster habitats, discuss the importance of various environmental variables that may be useful for predicting denitrification, and present a set of guidelines for measuring denitrification in oyster habitats, allowing development of models to support incorporation of oyster‐mediated denitrification into future policy decisions.
A model predictive control approach to optimally devise a two‐dose vaccination rollout: A case study on COVID‐19 in Italy
Authors: Parino Francesco , Zino Lorenzo , Calafiore Giuseppe C. , Rizzo Alessandro 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has led to the unprecedented challenge of devising massive vaccination rollouts, toward slowing down and eventually extinguishing the diffusion of the virus. The two‐dose vaccination procedure, speed requirements, and the scarcity of doses, suitable spaces, and personnel, make the optimal design of such rollouts a complex problem. Mathematical modeling, which has already proved to be determinant in the early phases of the pandemic, can again be a powerful tool to assist public health authorities in optimally planning the vaccination rollout. Here, we propose a novel epidemic model tailored to COVID‐19, which includes the effect of nonpharmaceutical interventions and a concurrent two‐dose vaccination campaign. Then, we leverage nonlinear model predictive control to devise optimal scheduling of first and second doses, accounting both for the healthcare needs and for the socio‐economic costs associated with the epidemics. We calibrate our model to the 2021 COVID‐19 vaccination campaign in Italy. Specifically, once identified the epidemic parameters from officially reported data, we numerically assess the effectiveness of the obtained optimal vaccination rollouts for the two most used vaccines. Determining the optimal vaccination strategy is nontrivial, as it depends on the efficacy and duration of the first‐dose partial immunization, whereby the prioritization of first doses and the delay of second doses may be effective for vaccines with sufficiently strong first‐dose immunization. Our model and optimization approach provide a flexible tool that can be adopted to help devise the current COVID‐19 vaccination campaign, and increase preparedness for future epidemics.
5.2: Correlation between CSF and Accommodation/Vergence in University Students
Authors: Zheng Fuhao , Huang Pingping , Mei Jianhui , Wang Yuwen , Hou Fang 
Published: August 2021

Objective: To investigate the relationship among visual fatigue, accommodation, vergence, and CSF.Methods: 104 students were recruited (25 males, 79 females, Age 23.4±2.5), from Wenzhou Medical University, excluding high myopia, strabismus, anisometropia, eye disease and history of ophthalmological surgery. They were asked to accomplish visual fatigue survey (1) firstly. Binocular accommodative facility (BAF), vergence facility (VF) and qCSF (the area under low spatial frequency of CSF curve, LCSF; the area under middle spatial frequency of CSF curve, MCSF; the area under high spatial frequency of CSF curve, HCSF; the area under the log CSF curve, AULCSF; the cutoff spatial frequency, Cut‐Off SF) were examined in random sequence. Spearman correlation was used in study.Results: Correlations between Cut‐off SF and symptoms ‘Did you notice greater blur from the scene you were viewing?’ (r (104) = −.294, P = .002), ‘Did you see the words move, jump, swim or appear to float on the page more?’ (r (104) = −.333, P = .001), ‘Did you have greater difficulty concentrating in the task?’ (Spearman's r (104) = −.226, P = .021) were found. Correlations between BAF and symptom ‘Did you see multiple images of the sce ne more?’ (r (104) = −.308, P = .001) and ‘Did you have greater difficulty concentrating in the task?’ (r (104) = −.307, P = .002) were found. Correlations between VF a nd symptom ‘Did you have greater trouble visually focusing on the scene?’ and ‘Did you notice greater blur from the scene you were viewing?’ were found, as well. All correlations were shown in Table 1. Moreover, correl ations among BAF, VF and CSF were found in our re search. BAF was positively correlated with HCSF (r (104) =.259, P = .008) and Cut‐off SF (r (104) = .238, P = .015), shown in Figure 1. VF was negatively correlated with LCSF (r (104) = −.271, P = .005), positively conelated with Cut‐off SF (r (104) = .185, P = .060); and no correlation between VF and HCSF was found, shown i n Figure 2. Correlation between BAF and VF (r (104) = .270, P = .006), shown in Figure 3.Conclude: BAF, VF and CSF were related with visual fatigue symptoms. CSF have different correlation with BAF and VF, Cut‐off SF were positively correlated with BAF and CSF. Cut‐off SF would be an objective measurement to evaluate symptoms of visual fatigue and treatment effect of accommodative and vergence therapy.