bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Usability and reproducibility of three tools to assess medical students and residents in emergency medicine
Authors: Philippon Anne‐Laure , Baud Aurelien , Dumont Margaux , Remini Sidi Ahmed , Leroy Jeremy , Truchot Jennifer , Triby Emmanuel , Freund Yonathan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesIt is critical to assess competency of medical students and residents in emergency medicine (EM) during undergraduate and graduate medical education. However, very few valid tools exist to assess both technical and nontechnical skills in the specific context of EM. Three Acute Care Assessment Tools (ACAT 1, 2, and 3) have been previously developed for three acute care conditions: cardiac arrest (1), coma (2), and acute respiratory failure (3). This study aimed to evaluate the reproducibility of the tools.MethodsThe tool was tested using recorded videos of simulation sessions of fourth year medical students and first year residents in EM. Raters independently reviewed the videos two times in a 3‐month interval, and interrater and intrarater reliability using intraclass correlation (ICC) was calculated. Secondary endpoints included the completeness rate and relevance of the ACAT.ResultsSixty‐two sessions were recorded and 48 videos analyzed (18 for CA and 15 for both respiratory failure and coma. The learners were residents in 32 (66%) of videos. Interrater reliability was excellent (ICC >0.9 for all three contexts) and so was the intrarater reliability (>0.88), both upon first review (month 0, M0) and at 3 months (M3). The usability of the ACAT was good, with a completeness of the items that ranged from 96% to 100%. Only one item of the ACAT 1 had a relevance of 27%, as it could not be completed in 13 scenarios out of 18.ConclusionsThe results demonstrate educators can evaluate students similarly utilizing video recordings of simulated medical scenario. The excellent completeness of the rated items advocated for good usability. The three ACATs can be utilized to assess for completeness of predefined tasks in three acute care broad scenario in a competency‐based medical education framework.
Methodologies for applying calcium compounds in agropastoral systems: Changes in soil chemical attributes
Authors: Borges Wander L. B. , Hipólito Jorge L. , de Souza Isabela M. D. , Juliano Pedro H. G. , Rodrigues Letícia N. F. , Andreotti Marcelo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSoil pH values below 4.4 (acidity) limit nutrient availability and root exploration, whereas a pH range of 5.4–6.4 ensures the availability of most nutrients essential for crops. To ameliorate acidity in the surface and subsurface layers and improve soil chemical fertility, different application methodologies (surface, incorporation by soil tillage, or subsurface) for calcium (Ca) compounds (limestone [LS], phosphogypsum [PG], and hydrated lime [HL]) were evaluated in an Arenic Hapludult in an agropastoral system in Brazil. The experimental design comprised randomized blocks with four replications of seven treatments. After three seasons, all methodologies corrected surface acidity (0.0–0.2 m) by increasing pH and base saturation (BS) and reducing total acidity, but only subsurface application of HL plus surface application of PG in the first year and surface application of HL in subsequent years increased pH and BS in the subsurface (0.4–0.8 m). Consequently, incorporation of LS and subsurface application of HL in the first year are necessary to reduce total acidity in the subsurface (0.4–0.8 m) in subsequent years. Applying LS or HL plus PG increased sulfur (S)–SO4 content throughout the soil profile (0.0–0.8 m). In addition, in the 0.0‐to‐0.2‐m layer, applying LS plus PG increased Ca2+ content and Ca2+/cation exchange capacity (CEC), and applying HL plus PG increased magnesium (Mg)2+ content and Mg2+/CEC. However, these results may be specific to the agronomic conditions of the trial; future studies should evaluate whether the timing of changes in soil chemical fertility varies depending on soil type.
Explainable, interactive content‐based image retrieval
Authors: Vasu Bhavan , Hu Brian , Dong Bo , Collins Roddy , Hoogs Anthony 
Published: October 2021

AbstractQuantifying the value of explanations in a human‐in‐the‐loop (HITL) system is difficult. Previous methods either measure explanation‐specific values that do not correspond to user tasks and needs or poll users on how useful they find the explanations to be. In this work, we quantify how much explanations help the user through a utility‐based paradigm that measures change in task performance when using explanations vs not. Our chosen task is content‐based image retrieval (CBIR), which has well‐established baselines and performance metrics independent of explainability. We extend an existing HITL image retrieval system that incorporates user feedback with similarity‐based saliency maps (SBSM) that indicate to the user which parts of the retrieved images are most similar to the query image. The system helps the user understand what it is paying attention to through saliency maps, and the user helps the system understand their goal through saliency‐guided relevance feedback. Using the MS‐COCO dataset, a standard object detection and segmentation dataset, we conducted extensive, crowd‐sourced experiments validating that SBSM improves interactive image retrieval. Although the performance increase is modest in the general case, in more difficult cases such as cluttered scenes, using explanations yields an 6.5% increase in accuracy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first large‐scale user study showing that visual saliency map explanations improve performance on a real‐world, interactive task. Our utility‐based evaluation paradigm is general and potentially applicable to any task for which explainability can be incorporated.
Dehalogenation and Desulfonation from Aryl and Alkyl Compounds with a Cobalt Catalyst in the Presence of Alcohol
Authors: Reddy Bhoomireddy Rajendra Prasad , Auffrant Audrey , Gosmini Corinne 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEasy dehalogenation of bromo‐, chloro‐aryl and alkyl derivatives is performed in the presence of a cobalt catalyst, manganese as reductant, and alcohol as hydrogen donor. This method tolerates a variety of functional groups with different electronic properties. Noteworthy examples of desulfonation are also reported.
Programmable stiffness and stress–relaxation of cross‐linked self‐assembling peptide hydrogels
Authors: Pugliese Raffaele , Gelain Fabrizio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe use of self‐assembling peptide (SAPs) biomaterials is a promising therapeutic strategy to repair soft tissues as spinal cord, brain, liver, and pancreas. However, these latter have storage moduli, stress resistance, and stress relaxation that change depending on the anatomic region. The SAP molecules relying only on noncovalent interactions struggle to cope with such a wide range of mechanical properties. Hence, we report the design of supramolecular hydrogels based on LKLK12 SAP and SM(PEG)24 cross‐linker to precisely tune hydrogel stiffness over the range of 5–60 kPa. We found that G' increases by ∼12 kPa, and stress resistance by ∼1 kPa for each additional 1.35 mM of SM(PEG)24. Furthermore, the cross‐linked SAPs self‐assemble into supramolecular β‐sheet‐containing nanofibers with stress relaxation ranging from 90 to 150 s. Lastly, post‐treatment of cross‐linked hydrogel with acetonitrile to unfold SM(PEG)24 linker significantly improved its strain failure, reaching a breakage strain of 4612%, unprecedented for this class of SAP‐based biomaterials. This work provides a new strategy to fine tune the mechanical properties of SAP‐based hydrogels to be helpful for soft tissues regeneration.
Technological resources for teaching and learning about human anatomy in the medical course: Systematic review of literature
Authors: Santos Vinícius A. , Barreira Matheus P. , Saad Karen R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe consolidation of technology as an alternative strategy to cadaveric dissection for teaching anatomy in medical courses was accelerated by the recent Covid‐19 pandemic, which caused the need for social distance policies and the closure of laboratories and classrooms. Consequently, new technologies were created, and those already been developed started to be better explored. However, information about many of these instruments and resources is not available to anatomy teachers. This systematic review presents the technological means for teaching and learning about human anatomy developed and applied in medical courses in the last ten years, besides the infrastructure necessary to use them. Studies in English, Portuguese, and Spanish were searched in MEDLINE, Scopus, ERIC, LILACS, and SciELO databases, initially resulting in a total of 875 identified articles, from which 102 were included in the analysis. They were classified according to the type of technology used: three‐dimensional (3D) printing (n = 22), extended reality (n = 49), digital tools (n = 23), and other technological resources (n = 8). It was made a detailed description of technologies, including the stage of the medical curriculum in which it was applied, the infrastructure utilized, and which contents were covered. The analysis shows that between all technologies, those related to the internet and 3D printing are the most applicable, both in student learning and the financial cost necessary for its structural implementation.
Autism severity aggregates with family psychiatric history in a community‐based autism sample
Authors: Sipsock Danielle , Tokadjian Hasmik , Righi Giulia , Morrow Eric M. , Sheinkopf Stephen J. ,   The Rhode Island Consortium for Autism Research and Treatment (RI‐CART)
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine family psychiatric history in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and its association with clinical presentation. Participants were 798 individuals with a clinical diagnosis of ASD, confirmed by the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition (ADOS‐2), enrolled in Rhode Island Consortium for Autism Research and Treatment, a statewide research registry. Prior research suggests a specific behavioral phenotype in individuals with ASD who have family members with psychiatric diagnoses, including higher IQ and less severe language impairment. However, studies have not specifically investigated autism severity. We hypothesized that increased psychiatric family history would be associated with increased autism severity symptoms. Results show a strong association of increased burden of first‐degree family psychiatric history with higher autism symptom severity as measured by Social Responsiveness Scale, Second Edition (SRS‐2), but not with ADOS‐2 severity scores, IQ, or adaptive functioning. These findings support the importance of investigating the contribution of psychiatric family history toward clinical ASD presentation.Lay SummaryThis study explored how family psychiatric history is related to clinical presentation of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Higher amounts of first‐degree family psychiatric history was associated with higher autism symptom severity as measured by the Social Responsiveness Scale, Second Edition (SRS‐2). The contribution of psychiatric family history requires ongoing investigation.
Enhancing science literacy and communication among the next generation of scientists in an online learning environment
Authors: Fitzpatrick Alexa , Andreopoulos Stavroula , Freedman Leora 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMany large, undergraduate science courses, which still heavily rely on traditional lecture‐based dissemination of content, passive learning, and exam‐based assessments, have been forced online due to the Covid‐19 pandemic. To address the challenges facing students in regards to engagement, self‐directed learning, and the development of soft skills, we modified a large, lecture‐based third‐year undergraduate biochemistry course at the University of Toronto to foster active learning through interactive e‐modules. We also adjusted the evaluation model to focus on the development of reflection, critical thinking, science literacy, and communication.
Rare earth smart nanomaterials for bone tissue engineering and implantology: Advances, challenges, and prospects
Authors: Natarajan Duraipandy , Ye Zhitong , Wang Liping , Ge Linhu , Pathak Janak Lal 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBone grafts or prosthetic implant designing for clinical application is challenging due to the complexity of integrated physiological processes. The revolutionary advances of nanotechnology in the biomaterial field expedite and endorse the current unresolved complexity in functional bone graft and implant design. Rare earth (RE) materials are emerging biomaterials in tissue engineering due to their unique biocompatibility, fluorescence upconversion, antimicrobial, antioxidants, and anti‐inflammatory properties. Researchers have developed various RE smart nano‐biomaterials for bone tissue engineering and implantology applications in the past two decades. Furthermore, researchers have explored the molecular mechanisms of RE material‐mediated tissue regeneration. Recent advances in biomedical applications of micro or nano‐scale RE materials have provided a foundation for developing novel, cost‐effective bone tissue engineering strategies. This review attempted to provide an overview of RE nanomaterials' technological innovations in bone tissue engineering and implantology and summarized the osteogenic, angiogenic, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, in vivo bone tissue imaging, and antimicrobial properties of various RE nanomaterials, as well as the molecular mechanisms involved in these biological events. Further, we extend to discuss the challenges and prospects of RE smart nano‐biomaterials in the field of bone tissue engineering and implantology.
Effects of shoulder abduction on the stiffness of supraspinatus muscle regions in rotator cuff tear
Authors: Sakaki Yoshinari , Taniguchi Keigo , Katayose Masaki , Kura Hideji , Okamura Kenji 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to compare the effect of the load of the upper limb on the stiffness of supraspinatus muscle regions during isometric shoulder abduction in the scapular plane in healthy individuals and patients with a rotator cuff tear. Thirteen male patients were scheduled for arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, and 13 healthy male individuals were recruited. The movement task involved 30° isometric shoulder abduction in the scapular plane. The tasks included passive abduction, abduction with half‐weight of the upper limb (1/2‐weight), and full weight of the upper limb (full‐weight). The stiffness of the supraspinatus muscle (anterior superficial, anterior deep, posterior superficial, and posterior deep regions) was recorded using ultrasound shear‐wave elastography. The stiffness of the anterior superficial region on the affected side was significantly lower than that on the control side for the 1/2‐weight and full‐weight tasks. The stiffness of the anterior deep, posterior superficial, and posterior deep regions was not affected. This is the first study that investigated the mechanical effects of different loads on different supraspinatus muscle regions in rotator cuff tear patients. Our results indicate that the anterior superficial region in rotator cuff tear patients was mainly responsible for reduced active stiffness. This might be because this region contributes to force exertion and exhibits atrophy in rotator cuff tears. Hence, the anterior superficial region could be a focal point of quantitative dysfunction evaluation of the supraspinatus muscle in the case of a rotator cuff tear.
Biotransformation of Ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rc) in Human Intestinal Bacteria and Its Effect on Intestinal Flora
Authors: Zheng Fei , Zhang Mei‐Yu , Wu Yong‐Xi , Wang Yi‐Zhu , Li Fang‐Tong , Han Ming‐Xin , Dai Yu‐Lin , Yue Hao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGinsenosides, including Rb1, Rb2, Rb3 and Rc, belong to protopanaxadiol‐type saponins in Panax ginseng C. A. Mey. Their contents are high in P. ginseng. They could inhibit oxidant stress, enhance immunity, lower blood sugar, resist tumor cells and facilitate other physiological activities. This study aimed to explore the interaction between ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rb3 and Rc and the intestinal flora of healthy people. It also sought to analyse the biotransformation products and pathways of these ginsenosides in in‐vitro human intestinal bacteria and their effects on the diversity of human intestinal flora. Human intestinal bacteria were incubated with ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rb3 and Rc at 37 °C under anaerobic conditions. Samples were taken at different timepoints. The transformed products were identified by rapid high‐resolution liquid chromatography‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. After 48 h of transformation, the transformed product of ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rb3 and Rc was ginsenoside compound K. The transformation rates were 83.5 %, 88.7 %, 85.6 %, and 84.2 %. 16S rRNA sequencing technology was applied to the bioinformatic analysis of faecal samples incubated for 48 h. Relative to the blank control, the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria significantly increased at the phylum level. Moreover, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes significantly decreased in ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rb3 and Rc. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Escherichia significantly increased, whereas that of Dorea, Prevotella and Megasphaera significantly decreased in all groups. These results showed that Rb1, Rb2, Rb3 and Rc could improve the structure and diversity of human intestinal flora and balance the metabolic process.
GORE® Cardioform ASD Occluder experience in transcatheter closure of “complex” atrial septal defects
Authors: Santoro Giuseppe , Cuman Magdalena , Pizzuto Alessandra , Haxhiademi Dorela , Lunardini Alessia , Franchi Eliana , Marrone Chiara , Pak Vitali , Assanta Nadia , Cantinotti Massimiliano 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the GORE® Cardioform ASD Occluder (GCO) (WL Gore & Associates, Flagstaff, AZ) device for “complex” atrial septal defects (ASD) closure.BackgroundTranscatheter ASD closure is still challenging in “complex” clinical/anatomic settings. This study evaluated the results of GCO in closure of “complex” ASD in a tertiary referral center.MethodsBetween January 2020 and March 2021, 72 patients with significant ASD were submitted to transcatheter closure with GCO at our Institution. Based on clinical/anatomic characteristics, they were classified as “complex” (n = 36, Group I) or “simple” (n = 36, Group II). We considered as “complex”, defects with rim deficiency (< 5 mm) other than antero‐superior, relatively large (diameter/patient weight > 1.2 or diameter/patient BSA > 20 mm/m2) or within a multifenestrated septum. Procedure results and early outcome were compared between the groups.ResultsAbsolute and relative ASD size (20 ± 4 vs. 15 ± 3 mm, p < 0.0001; 0.9 ± 0.3 vs. 0.4 ± 0.2 mm/kg, p < 0.0001; 23 ± 7 vs. 12 ± 5 mm/m2, p < 0.0001), QP/QS (2.0 ± 0.8 vs. 1.4 ± 0.3, p < 0.001), procedure and fluoroscopy times (73 ± 36 vs. 43 ± 21 min, p < 0.0001; 16 ± 9 vs. 9 ± 4 min, p < 0.0001, procedure feasibility (94.4 vs. 100%, p < 0.0001) and overall complication rate (13.9 vs. 0%, p < 0.0001) were significantly different between the groups. Successful closure of “surgical” ASDs was achieved in 92% of cases. Complete closure at last follow‐up evaluation did not significantly differ between the groups (97.1 vs. 100%, p = NS), as was wireframe fractures rate (49.1% in the overall population), without clinical, EKG and echocardiographic consequences.ConclusionsPercutaneous treatment with GCO device is effective and safe in high percentage of “complex” ASDs.
Integrated coronary disease burden and patterns to discriminate vessels benefiting from percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Dai Neng , Zhang Rui , Hu Nan , Guan Changdong , Zou Tongqiang , Qiao Zheng , Zhang Min , Duan Shaofeng , Xie Lihua , Dou Kefei , Zhang Yingmei , Xu Bo , Ge Junbo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the prognostic implications of atherosclerosis functional pattern on ischemia‐causing vessels received percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or conservative treatment.BackgroundQuantitative flow ratio (QFR)‐derived pullback pressure gradient (PPG) index is recently proposed to characterize atherosclerosis functional pattern, but its prognostic value remains unclear.MethodsQFR‐derived PPG index was retrospectively calculated in patients from the PANDA III trial. Vessels with low or high PPG treated by PCI or not were compared for the risk of 2‐year vessel‐oriented composite outcome (VOCO), which was a composite of vessel‐related ischemia‐driven revascularization, vessel‐related myocardial infarction, or cardiac death.ResultsA total of 1444 vessels were included while 94 (6.5%) VOCOs occurred within 2 years. Among physiologically ischemic vessels (QFR ≤ 0.80) treated by PCI, those with low PPG acquired higher VOCO risk than those with high PPG (8.4% vs. 3.8%; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 2.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18 to 3.86), and a similar VOCO risk (8.4% vs. 7.8%; adjusted HR 1.11, 95%CI 0.70–1.78) compared to those treated by conservatively. After multiple adjustment, PPG index was an independent predictor for VOCO (HR 1.30, 95% CI 1.05–1.62). The addition of PPG to the model of clinical risk factors substantially improved the predictions of VOCO (C‐index 0.67 vs. 0.62, net reclassification index 0.42).ConclusionsPCI treatment was associated with improved outcomes in vessels with high PPG, but not for those with low PPG, which acquired similar risk of VOCO compared to vessels treated conservatively. QFR‐derived PPG might assist the treatment strategy selection in ischemia‐causing vessels.
A rare case of solitary gallbladder metastasis from an early cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Doole Emily Louise , Gan Philip , Klein Oliver 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSolitary gallbladder metastasis from melanoma is a rare phenomenon, in this case manifesting as biliary symptoms during and following pregnancy. It is important to consider uncommon causes of biliary symptoms to aid in prompt diagnosis and treatment. This patient was successfully treated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy and adjuvant immunotherapy.
Spontaneous pneumomediastinum as an unusual complication of COVID‐19 pneumonia
Authors: Ramdani Hanae , Benelhosni Khadija , Moatassim Billah Nabil , Nassar Ittimade 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSpontaneous pneumomediastinum is to consider in COVID‐19 patients with progressive respiratory deterioration. It possibly reflects extensive alveolar injury and prompts close monitoring. Although generally self‐limiting, it could be lifeߚthreatening.
Generalized granuloma annulare in a case of breast cancer: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Saber Mina , Khalili Tembi Roghaye Sadat , Asilian Ali 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGeneralized granuloma annulare can be associated with breast cancer. Atypical granuloma annulare especially in older patients should alert physicians to the possibility of an occult malignancy.