bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of different levels of bioplex manganese along with probiotics and multi‐enzymes on performance and immune system indices of broilers
Authors: Babaei Mohammad Javad , Fakhraei Jafar , Mansoori Yarahmadi Hossein , Gomarian Masoud 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo investigate the effect of different levels of bioplex manganese along with probiotics and multi‐enzymes on the performance and immune system of broilers, 640 one‐day‐old male chicks of the Ross 308 strain were reared and the data analysed in a 4 × 2 × 2 factorial experiment with four levels of bioplex manganese (0, 60, 72 and 84 mg per kg of diet), two levels of Parsilact probiotic (0 and 200 mg per kg of diet) and two levels of Combo multi‐enzyme (0 and 1,000 mg per kg of diet) in a completely randomized design with 16 experimental treatments, 4 replicates and 10 chickens per replicate during a period of 42 days. The results showed that the performance of the broiler chickens in the diets containing 72 and 84 mg bioplex manganese along with probiotics and multi‐enzymes had the greatest difference compared to the control (p < .05). Compared to the control with 0 mg/kg manganese; the bursa of Fabricius weight was greater in chickens fed diets containing additional manganese (p < .05). The concentration of antibodies produced against Newcastle disease virus, as well as the concentrations of IgG, IgM and total immunoglobulins produced against SRBC, were highest in the group fed a diet containing 84 mg manganese along with probiotics and multi‐enzymes (p < .05). The results show combining additional manganese with probiotics and multi‐enzymes in chicken diets leads to better performance as well as a stronger immune system of chickens.
Infective mastitis due to bovine‐associated Streptococcus dysgalactiae contributes to clinical persistent presentation in a murine mastitis model
Authors: An Ran , Gao Mingchun , Meng Ye , Tong Xin , Chen Jiaqi , Wang Junwei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundMastitis caused by Streptococcus dysgalactiae (GCS) is a major pathology of dairy cows. The mechanisms by which GCS intramammary infection is established and maintained involve not only bacterial adherence and invasion but also modulation of the cytokines and TLR immune response.ObjectivesThe study aimed to evaluate characteristics of persistent infection of GCS collected from bovine mastitis milk in a murine mastitis model whose mammary structure is similar to that of dairy cows; dairy cow mastitis can be well simulated by using mice as models. HLJ2019 was tested for its ability to persistently infected mice by intramammary inoculation.MethodsAs antibiotics tested, establish an intramammary infection model in murine, histopathology analyses, relative expression of inflammatory cytokines mRNA and adherence and invasion in mMECs.ResultsIt induced a robust inflammatory reaction in the mammary gland, characterized by histopathological changes, increased myeloperoxidase activity and induced expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐6, IFN‐γ, IL‐10, IL‐1α and IL‐1β) and TLR2/4, the exhibited strong LDH release, adhesion and invasive abilities in contact with mMECs.ConclusionThese results contribute to increase the available information on host‐pathogen interaction and point out the need for further research to expand the knowledge about these interactions for developing new strategies to intervene in the intramammary persistent infection progress.
Climate change impacts on cultural heritage: A literature review
Authors: Sesana Elena , Gagnon Alexandre S. , Ciantelli Chiara , Cassar JoAnn , Hughes John J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractClimate change, as revealed by gradual changes in temperature, precipitation, atmospheric moisture, and wind intensity, as well as sea level rise and changes in the occurrence of extreme events, is already affecting cultural heritage sites. Accordingly, there is a rapidly increasing body of research reporting on the impacts of climatic stressors on cultural heritage and on the assessment of climate change impacts on cultural heritage assets. This review synthesizes the international literature on climate change impacts on tangible cultural heritage by developing hazard‐impact diagrams focusing on the impacts of gradual changes in climate on: (1) the cultural heritage exposed to the outside environment, (2) the interiors of historical buildings and their collections, and (3) a third diagram associated with climate change and the impacts due to sudden changes in the natural physical environment (e.g., storm surges, floods and landslides, wildfire) in addition to sea level rise, permafrost thawing, desertification and changes in the properties of the oceans. These diagrams, which depict the relationships between various stressors and their impacts on cultural heritage, will allow other researchers, stakeholders, and potentially decision makers to determine the potential impacts of climate change on a specific cultural heritage asset without a separate examination of the literature. This review thus provides the current state‐of‐the‐art on the impacts of climate change on the tangible, built heritage, that is, monuments, archeological sites, historical buildings, as well as their interiors and the collections they hold, highlights the limitations of previous research, and provides recommendations for further studies.This article is categorized under:
Assessing Impacts of Climate Change > Evaluating Future Impacts of Climate Change
Response to Tides, Barometric Pressure and Seismic Waves
Authors: Wang Chi-Yuen , Manga Michael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGroundwater responses to Earth tides and barometric pressure have long been reported and increasingly used in hydrogeology to advance our understanding of groundwater systems. The response of groundwater to seismic waves has also been used in recent years to study the interaction between earthquakes and fluids in the crust. These methods have gained popularity for monitoring groundwater systems because they are both effective and economical. This chapter reviews the response of groundwater system to Earth tides, barometric pressure, and seismic waves as a continuum of poroelastic responses to oscillatory forcing across a broad range of frequency.
Groundwater and Stream Composition
Authors: Wang Chi-Yuen , Manga Michael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractChanges of groundwater chemistry have long been observed. We review some studies of the earthquake-induced changes of groundwater and streamflow composition. When data are relatively abundant and the hydrogeology is relatively simple, the observed changes may provide valuable insight into earthquake-induced changes of hydrogeological processes. Progress in this aspect, however, has been slow not only because systematic measurements are scare but also because of the distribution of chemical sources and sinks in the crust are often complex and unknown. Most changes are consistent with the model of earthquake-enhanced groundwater transport through basin-wide or local enhanced permeability caused by earthquake-induced breaching of hydrologic barriers such as aquitards, connecting otherwise isolated aquifers or other fluid sources, leading to fluid source switching and/or mixing. Because the interpretation of earthquake-induced groundwater and stream compositions is often under-constrained, multi-disciplinary approaches may be needed to provide a better constrained interpretation of the observed changes.
Algorithms for Energy Conservation in Heterogeneous Data Centers
Authors: Albers Susanne , Quedenfeld Jens 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPower consumption is the major cost factor in data centers. It can be reduced by dynamically right-sizing the data center according to the currently arriving jobs. If there is a long period with low load, servers can be powered down to save energy. For identical machines, the problem has already been solved optimally by [25] and [1].In this paper, we study how a data-center with heterogeneous servers can dynamically be right-sized to minimize the energy consumption. There areddifferent server types with various operating and switching costs. We present a deterministic online algorithm that achieves a competitive ratio of 2das well as a randomized version that is 1.58d-competitive. Furthermore, we show that there is no deterministic online algorithm that attains a competitive ratio smaller than 2d. Hence our deterministic algorithm is optimal. In contrast to related problems like convex body chasing and convex function chasing [17, 30], we investigate the discrete setting where the number of active servers must be an integral, so we gain truly feasible solutions.
Multioscillating black holes
Authors: Ishii Takaaki , Murata Keiju , Santos Jorge E. , Way Benson 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We study rotating global AdS solutions in five-dimensional Einstein gravity coupled to a multiplet complex scalar within a cohomogeneity-1 ansatz. The onset of the gravitational and scalar field superradiant instabilities of the Myers-Perry-AdS black hole mark bifurcation points to black resonators and hairy Myers-Perry-AdS black holes, respectively. These solutions are subject to the other (gravitational or scalar) instability, and result in hairy black resonators which contain both gravitational and scalar hair. The hairy black resonators have smooth zero-horizon limits that we call graviboson stars. In the hairy black resonator and graviboson solutions, multiple scalar components with different frequencies are excited, and hence these are multioscillating solutions. The phase structure of the solutions are examined in the microcanonical ensemble, i.e. at fixed energy and angular momenta. It is found that the entropy of the hairy black resonator is never the largest among them. We also find that hairy black holes with higher scalar wavenumbers are entropically dominant and occupy more of phase space than those of lower wavenumbers.
Impact of anti-thymocyte globulin dose for graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation from matched unrelated donors: a multicenter experience
Authors: Butera Sara , Cerrano Marco , Brunello Lucia , Dellacasa Chiara Maria , Faraci Danilo Giuseppe , Vassallo Sara , Mordini Nicola , Sorasio Roberto , Zallio Francesco , Busca Alessandro , Bruno Benedetto , Giaccone Luisa 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDespite the widespread use of rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) to prevent acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD, cGVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT), convincing evidence about an optimal dose is lacking. We retrospectively evaluated the clinical impact of two different ATG doses (5 vs 6–7.5 mg/kg) in 395 adult patients undergoing HSCT from matched unrelated donors (MUD) at 3 Italian centers. Cumulative incidence of aGVHD and moderate-severe cGVHD did not differ in the 2 groups. We observed a trend toward prolonged overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) with lower ATG dose (5-year OS and DFS 56.6% vs. 46.3%, p=0.052, and 46.8% vs. 38.6%, p=0.051, respectively) and no differences in relapse incidence and non-relapse mortality. However, a significantly increased infection-related mortality (IRM) was observed in patients who received a higher ATG dose (16.7% vs. 8.8% in the lower ATG group, p=0.019). Besides, graft and relapse-free survival (GRFS) was superior in the lower ATG group (5-year GRFS 43.1% vs. 32.4%, p=0.014). The negative impact of higher ATG dose on IRM and GRFS was confirmed by multivariate analysis. Our results suggest that ATG doses higher than 5 mg/kg are not required for MUD allo-HCT and seem associated with worse outcomes.
Evaluation of symmetry behavior of surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion with simulation-driven targeted bone weakening
Authors: Chhatwani S. , Schudlich K. , Möhlhenrich S. C. , Pugachev A. , Bicsak A. , Ludwig B. , Hassfeld S. , Danesh G. , Bonitz L. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objectives
Surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME) is a treatment modality to overcome maxillary constrictions. During the procedure of transverse expansion, unwanted asymmetries can occur. This retrospective study investigates the transverse expansion behavior of the maxilla utilizing a simulation-driven SARME with targeted bone weakening.

Materials and methods
Cone beam computer tomographies of 21 patients before (T1) and 4 months after treatment (T2) with simulation-driven SARME combined with a transpalatal distractor (TPD) and targeted bone weakening were superimposed. The movements of the left, right, and frontal segments were evaluated at the modified WALA ridge, mid root level, and at the root tip of all upper teeth. Linear and angular measurements were performed to detect dentoalveolar changes.

Results
Dentoalveolar changes were unavoidable, and buccal tipping of the premolars (6.1° ± 5.0°) was significant (p < 0.05). Transverse expansion in premolar region was higher (6.13 ± 4.63mm) than that in the molar region (4.20 ± 4.64mm). Expansion of left and right segments did not differ significantly (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
Simulation-driven SARME with targeted bone weakening is effective to achieve symmetrical expansion in the transverse plane.

Clinical relevance
Simulation-driven targeted bone weakening is a novel method for SARME to achieve symmetric expansion. Dental side effects cannot be prohibited.
Recognition of overlapping elliptical objects in a binary image
Authors: Zou Tong , Pan Tianyu , Taylor Michael , Stern Hal 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecognition of overlapping objects is required in many applications in the field of computer vision. Examples include cell segmentation, bubble detection and bloodstain pattern analysis. This paper presents a method to identify overlapping objects by approximating them with ellipses. The method is intended to be applied to complex-shaped regions which are believed to be composed of one or more overlapping objects. The method has two primary steps. First, a pool of candidate ellipses are generated by applying the Euclidean distance transform on a compressed image and the pool is filtered by an overlaying method. Second, the concave points on the contour of the region of interest are extracted by polygon approximation to divide the contour into segments. Then, the optimal ellipses are selected from among the candidates by choosing a minimal subset that best fits the identified segments. We propose the use of the adjusted Rand index, commonly applied in clustering, to compare the fitting result with ground truth. Through a set of computational and optimization efficiencies, we are able to apply our approach in complex images comprised of a number of overlapped regions. Experimental results on a synthetic data set, two types of cell images and bloodstain patterns show superior accuracy and flexibility of our method in ellipse recognition, relative to other methods.
A linked geomorphological and geophysical modelling methodology applied to an active landslide
Authors: Boyd Jimmy , Chambers Jonathan , Wilkinson Paul , Peppa Maria , Watlet Arnaud , Kirkham Matt , Jones Lee , Swift Russel , Meldrum Phil , Uhlemann Sebastian , Binley Andrew 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMoisture-induced landslides are a global geohazard; mitigating the risk posed by landslides requires an understanding of the hydrological and geological conditions present within a given slope. Recently, numerous geophysical studies have been attempted to characterise slow-moving landslides, with an emphasis on developing geoelectrical methods as a hydrological monitoring tool. However, landslides pose specific challenges for processing geoelectrical data in long-term monitoring contexts as the sensor arrays can move with slope movements. Here we present an approach for processing long-term (over 8 years) geoelectrical monitoring data from an active slow-moving landslide, Hollin Hill, situated in Lias rocks in the southern Howardian Hills, UK. These slope movements distorted the initial setup of the monitoring array and need to be incorporated into a time-lapse resistivity processing workflow to avoid imaging artefacts. We retrospectively sourced seven digital terrain models to inform the topography of our imaging volumes, which were acquired by either Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-based photogrammetry or terrestrial laser ranging systems. An irregular grid of wooden pegs was periodically surveyed with a global position system, from which distortions to the terrain model and electrode positions can be modelled with thin plate splines. In order to effectively model the time-series electrical resistivity images, a baseline constraint is applied within the inversion scheme; the result of the study is a time-lapse series of resistivity volumes which also incorporate slope movements. The workflow presented here should be adaptable for other studies focussed on geophysical/geotechnical monitoring of unstable slopes.
Optimal replacement policy under cumulative damage model and strength degradation with applications
Authors: Nanda Phalguni , Bhuyan Prajamitra , Dewanji Anup 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn many real-life scenarios, system failure depends on dynamic stress-strength interference, where strength degrades and stress accumulates concurrently over time. In this paper, we consider the problem of finding an optimal replacement strategy that balances the cost of replacement with the cost of failure and results in the minimum expected cost per unit time under cumulative damage model with strength degradation. In the most general setting, we propose to find optimal choices of three thresholds on operation time, number of arriving shocks and amount of cumulative damage such that replacement of the system due to failure or reaching any of the three thresholds, whichever occurs first, results in the minimum expected cost per unit time. The existing recommendations are applicable only under the assumption of Exponential damage distribution including Poisson arrival of shocks and/or with fixed strength. As theoretical evaluation of the expected cost per unit time turns out to be very complicated, a simulation-based algorithm is proposed to evaluate the expected cost rate and find the optimal replacement strategy. The proposed method is easy to implement having wider domain of application including non-Poisson arrival of shocks and non-Exponential damage distributions. For illustration, the proposed method is applied to real case studies on mailbox and cell-phone battery experiments.
Mulching with pruned fronds promotes the internal soil N cycling and soil fertility in a large-scale oil palm plantation
Authors: Formaglio Greta , Veldkamp Edzo , Damris Muhammad , Tjoa Aiyen , Corre Marife D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntensive management practices in large-scale oil palm plantations can slow down nutrient cycling and alter other soil functions. Thus, there is a need to reduce management intensity without sacrificing productivity. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of management practices on gross rates of soil N cycling and soil fertility. In Jambi province, Indonesia, we established a management experiment in a large-scale oil palm plantation to compare conventional practices (i.e. high fertilization rates and herbicide weeding) with reduced management intensity (i.e. reduced fertilization rates and mechanical weeding). Also, we compared the typical management zones characterizing large-scale plantations: palm circle, inter-row and frond-stacked area. After 1.5 years of this experiment, reduced and conventional management showed comparable gross soil N cycling rates; however, there were stark differences among management zones. The frond-stacked area had higher soil N cycling rates and soil fertility (high microbial biomass, extractable C, soil organic C, extractable organic N, total N and low bulk density) than inter-row and palm circle (all p ≤ 0.05). Microbial biomass was the main driver of the soil N cycle, attested by its high correlation with gross N-cycling rates (r = 0.93–0.95, p < 0.01). The correlations of microbial N with extractable C, extractable organic N, soil organic C and total N (r = 0.76–0.89, p < 0.01) suggest that microbial biomass was mainly regulated by the availability of organic matter. Mulching with senesced fronds enhanced soil microbial biomass, which promoted nutrient recycling and thereby can decrease dependency on chemical fertilizers.
If you could read my mind–an experimental beauty-contest game with children
Authors: Hermes Henning , Schunk Daniel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe develop a new design for the experimental beauty-contest game (BCG) that is suitable for children in school age and test it with 114 schoolchildren aged 9–11 years as well as with adults. In addition, we collect a measure for cognitive skills to link these abilities with successful performance in the game. Results demonstrate that children can successfully understand and play a BCG. Choices start at a slightly higher level than those of adults but learning over time and depth of reasoning are largely comparable with the results of studies run with adults. Cognitive skills, measured as fluid IQ, are predictive only of whether children choose weakly dominated strategies but are neither associated with lower choices in the first round nor with successful performance in the BCG. In the implementation of our new design of the BCG with adults we find results largely in line with behavior in the classical BCG. Our new design for the experimental BCG allows to study the development of strategic interaction skills starting already in school age.
An Intravital Microscopy Toolbox to Study Mammary Gland Dynamics from Cellular Level to Organ Scale
Authors: Messal Hendrik A. , van Rheenen Jacco , Scheele Colinda L. G. J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe architecture of the mouse mammary gland is highly dynamic and constantly remodeled during pubertal development and estrous cycle-driven sprouting and regression of alveolar side branches. During each of these developmental stages, turnover is driven by distinct subsets of mammary epithelial cells. Extensive previous research has shed light on the unique morphological and cell biological characteristics of each stage. However, technological shortcomings failed to capture the dynamics and single-cell contributions to mammary remodeling. Here, we developed in vivo imaging strategies to follow the same mammary ducts over time and quantify the dynamics of mammary gland growth and remodeling from single-cell level to organ scale. Using a combination of intravital microscopy and genetic reporter systems we show how proliferative heterogeneity drives ductal morphogenesis during different developmental stages. To visualize pubertal growth at the cellular level, we performed long-term time-lapse imaging of extending terminal end buds through a mammary imaging window. We show that single-cells within the terminal end buds are extremely motile and continuously exchange position whilst the duct is elongating. To visualize short-term remodeling in the adult mammary gland at the single cell level, we performed multi-day intravital imaging in photoconvertible Kikume Green–Red mice and fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator mice. We demonstrate that the contribution of single-cells to estrous-driven remodeling is highly variable between cells in the same micro-environment. To assess the effects of this dynamic proliferative contribution on the long-term stability of tissue architecture, we developed a repeated skin flap method to assess mammary gland morphology by intravital microscopy over extended time spans for up to six months. Interestingly, in contrast to the short-term dynamic remodeling, the long-term morphology of the mammary gland remains remarkably stable. Together, our tool box of imaging strategies allows to identify and map transient and continuing dynamics of single cells to the architecture of the mammary gland.