bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and Functional Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes in Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Response to Trans-anethole
Authors: Ding Chao-Yang , Ma Yu-Meng , Li Bin , Wang Yun , Zhao Le , Peng Jiang-Nan , Li Mao-Ye , Liu Su , Li Shi-Guang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Plant essential oils, with high bioactivity and biodegradability, provide promising alternatives to synthetic pesticides for pest control. Trans-anethole is the major component of essential oil from star anise, Illicium verum Hook. The compound has a strong contact toxicity against the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), which is a major insect pest of many vegetables and crops. However, little information is known about how M. persicae responds to trans-anethole at the molecular level. We conducted a comparative transcriptome analysis of M. persicae in response to a LD50 dose of trans-anethole. A total of 559 differentially expressed genes were detected in the treated individuals, with 318 genes up-regulated, and 241 genes down-regulated. Gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed that these genes were classified into different biological processes and pathways. We also found that genes encoding ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, DnaJ, and cuticle proteins were dramatically up-regulated in response to trans-anethole. To study the function of these genes, we performed RNA interference (RNAi) analysis. Knockdown of an ABC transporter gene (ABCG4) and a DnaJ gene (DnaJC1) resulted in a significantly increased mortality rate in M. persicae following trans-anethole exposure, indicating the involvement of these two genes in the toxicity response to trans-anethole. The findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of M. persicae in coping with plant essential oils.
Seasonality in daily movement patterns of mandrills revealed by combining direct tracking and camera traps
Authors: Hongo Shun , Nakashima Yoshihiro , Akomo-Okoue Etienne François , Mindonga-Nguelet Fred Loïque 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Movement is a fundamental characteristic of animals, but challenging to measure noninvasively. Noninvasive methods for measuring travel have different weaknesses, so multiple techniques need to be applied multiple techniques for reliable inferences. We used two methods, direct tracking and camera trapping, to examine the variation in time and seasonal differences in movement rates of mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx), an elusive primate that lives in large groups in central Africa. In a 400-km2 rainforest area in Moukalaba-Doudou National Park, Gabon, we tracked unidentified groups 46 times from 2009 to 2013. We systematically placed 157 terrestrial camera traps in the same area from 2012 to 2014 and recorded groups 309 times. Generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) of the tracking data indicated that the group travel speed varied with time and season. In the fruiting season, the movement rate fluctuated with time in a bimodal pattern, whereas in the nonfruiting season, it increased monotonously with time. The predicted day range was longer in the fruiting season (6.98 km) than in the nonfruiting season (6.06 km). These seasonal differences suggest responses to changes in food resources and temperature. Camera-trap detection rates showed similar temporal and seasonal patterns to the tracking data, allowing us to generalize our findings to the population level. Moreover, cameras never detected mandrills at night, and we observed that they slept high in trees and hardly moved until the next morning, all suggesting their strict avoidance of nighttime movement. This study demonstrated the significance of the multiple-method approach in drawing robust conclusions on temporal patterns of animal movement.
Damages and ISDS Reform: Between Procedure and Substance
Authors: Bonnitcha Jonathan , Langford Malcolm , Alvarez-Zarate Jose M , Behn Daniel 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Monetary damages is the ordinary remedy in investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS). As such, arbitral practice relating to damages has direct, practical relevance for states and investors. The size of damages awards is also amongst the core critiques of ISDS. It is somewhat surprising, then, that the issue of damages has not figured prominently in discussions on reform of investment treaties and the ISDS mechanism, including those currently underway in Working Group III of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL). In this context, this article makes three contributions. First, it provides an overview of empirical trends in damages in ISDS. Secondly, it considers the extent to which tribunals’ approaches to damages raise the sorts of concerns with ISDS identified by UNCITRAL Working Group III, focusing specifically on concerns of correctness, consistency, legal and expert costs, and independence and impartiality. Thirdly, it identifies a range of possible procedural and substantive reform options that might alleviate these concerns.
Drill-guided femoral nail extraction: a novel technique
Authors: Misailidis Alexandros I , Aifantis Ioannis D , Pallis Dimitrios , Mitsikostas Pantelis K , Gourtzelidis Georgios , Tsivelekas Konstantinos , Papadakis Stamatios A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Femoral nail extraction, although it is considered a challenging procedure for orthopedic surgeons, can be simplified. We present a new technique to aid the removal of a proximally (antegrade) inserted femoral nail by applying drilling consecutively in order to identify the margins and depth of the nail into the intramedyllary canal of the femur. The damage to the bone is minimal as we use k-wires or drilling and in our practice was uneventful. This technique is the first to be reported in literature. Most authors suggest techniques that enable radiolucent table and fluoroscopy techniques using C-arm. With this technique, traction table and fluoroscopy techniques seem to be less essential to accomplish the removal of a proximally (antegrade) inserted femoral nail.
Differential response of the photosynthetic machinery to dehydration in older and younger resurrection plants
Authors: Oung Hui Min Olivia , Mukhopadhyay Roma , Svoboda Vaclav , Charuvi Dana , Reich Ziv , Kirchhoff Helmut 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A group of vascular plants called homoiochlorophyllous resurrection plants evolved unique capabilities to protect their photosynthetic machinery against desiccation-induced damage. This study examined whether the ontogenetic status of the resurrection plant Craterostigma pumilum has an impact on how the plant responds to dehydration at the thylakoid membrane level to prepare cells for the desiccated state. Thus, younger plants (&lt;4 months) were compared with their older (&gt;6 months) counterparts. Ultrastructural analysis provided evidence that younger plants suppressed senescence-like programs that are realized in older plants. During dehydration, older plants degrade specific subunits of the photosynthetic apparatus such as the D1 subunit of PSII and subunits of the cytochrome b6f complex. The latter leads to a controlled down-regulation of linear electron transport. In contrast, younger plants increased photoprotective high-energy quenching mechanisms and maintained a high capability to replace damaged D1 subunits. It follows that depending on the ontogenetic state, either more degradation-based or more photoprotective mechanisms are employed during dehydration of Craterostigma pumilum.
Searching for low radio-frequency gravitational wave counterparts in wide-field LOFAR data
Authors: Gourdji K , Rowlinson A , Wijers R A M J , Broderick J W , Shulevski A , Jonker P G 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
The electromagnetic counterparts to gravitational wave (GW) merger events are highly sought after, but difficult to find owing to large localization regions. In this study, we present a strategy to search for compact object merger radio counterparts in wide-field data collected by the Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR). In particular, we use multi-epoch LOFAR observations centred at 144 MHz spanning roughly 300 deg2 at optimum sensitivity of a since retracted neutron star–black hole merger candidate detected during O2, the second Advanced Ligo–Virgo GW observing run. The minimum sensitivity of the entire (overlapping) 1809 deg2 field searched is 50 mJy and the false negative rate is 0.1 per cent above 200 mJy. We do not find any transients and thus place an upper limit at 95 per cent confidence of 0.02 transients per square degree above 20 mJy on one, two, and three month time-scales, which are the most sensitive limits available to date. Finally, we discuss the prospects of observing GW events with LOFAR in the upcoming GW observing run and show that a single multibeam LOFAR observation can probe the full projected median localization area of binary neutron star mergers down to a median sensitivity of at least 8 mJy.
Polarimetric properties of the near-Sun asteroid (155140) 2005 UD in comparison with other asteroids and meteoritic samples
Authors: Ishiguro Masateru , Bach Yoonsoo P , Geem Jooyeon , Naito Hiroyuki , Kuroda Daisuke , Im Myungshin , Lee Myung Gyoon , Seo Jinguk , Jin Sunho , Kwon Yuna G , Oono Tatsuharu , Takagi Seiko , Sato Mitsuteru , Kuramoto Kiyoshi , Ito Takashi , Hasegawa Sunao , Yoshida Fumi , Arai Tomoko , Akitaya Hiroshi , Sekiguchi Tomohiko , Okazaki Ryo , Imai Masataka , Ohtsuka Katsuhito , Watanabe Makoto , Takahashi Jun , Devogèle Maxime , Fedorets Grigori , Siltala Lauri , Granvik Mikael 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTThe investigation of asteroids near the Sun is important for understanding the final evolutionary stage of primitive Solar system objects. A near-Sun asteroid (NSA), (155140) 2005 UD, has orbital elements similar to those of (3200) Phaethon (the target asteroid for the JAXA’s DESTINY+ mission). We conducted photometric and polarimetric observations of 2005 UD and found that this asteroid exhibits a polarization phase curve similar to that of Phaethon over a wide range of observed solar phase angles (α = 20–105°) but different from those of (101955) Bennu and (162173) Ryugu (asteroids composed of hydrated carbonaceous materials). At a low phase angle (α ≲ 30°), the polarimetric properties of these NSAs (2005 UD and Phaethon) are consistent with anhydrous carbonaceous chondrites, while the properties of Bennu are consistent with hydrous carbonaceous chondrites. We derived the geometric albedo, pV ∼ 0.1 (in the range of 0.088–0.109); mean V-band absolute magnitude, HV = 17.54 ± 0.02; synodic rotational period, $T_\mathrm{rot} = 5.2388 \pm 0.0022 \, \mathrm{h}$ (the two-peaked solution is assumed); and effective mean diameter, $D_\mathrm{eff} = 1.32 \pm 0.06 \, \mathrm{km}$. At large phase angles (α ≳ 80°), the polarization phase curve are likely explained by the dominance of large grains and the paucity of small micron-sized grains. We conclude that the polarimetric similarity of these NSAs can be attributed to the intense solar heating of carbonaceous materials around their perihelia, where large anhydrous particles with small porosity could be produced by sintering.
Energetic pickup proton population downstream of the termination shock as revealed by IBEX-Hi data
Authors: Baliukin I I , Izmodenov V V , Alexashov D B 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Pickup protons originate as a result of the ionization of hydrogen atoms in the supersonic solar wind, forming the suprathermal component of protons in the heliosphere. While they are being picked by the heliospheric magnetic field and convected into the heliosheath, the pickup protons may suffer stochastic acceleration from the solar wind turbulence in the region from the Sun up to the heliospheric termination shock, where they can also experience shock-drift acceleration or reflection from the cross-shock potential. These processes create a high-energy tail in the pickup ion energy distribution. The properties of this energetic pickup proton population are still not well defined, in spite of the fact that they are vital for models that simulate energetic neutral atom fluxes. We consider two scenarios for the pickup proton velocity distribution downstream of the heliospheric termination shock (a filled shell with an energetic power-law tail, and bi-Maxwellian). Based on a numerical kinetic model and observations of the energetic neutral atom fluxes from the inner heliosheath by the IBEX-Hi instrument, we characterize the pickup proton distribution and provide estimations of the properties of the energetic pickup proton population downstream of the termination shock.
Machine learning astrophysics from 21 cm lightcones: impact of network architectures and signal contamination
Authors: Prelogović David , Mesinger Andrei , Murray Steven , Fiameni Giuseppe , Gillet Nicolas 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Imaging the cosmic 21 cm signal will map out the first billion years of our Universe. The resulting 3D lightcone (LC) will encode the properties of the unseen first galaxies and physical cosmology. Here, we build on previous work using neural networks (NNs) to infer astrophysical parameters directly from 21 cm LC images. We introduce recurrent neural networks (RNNs), capable of efficiently characterizing the evolution along the redshift axis of 21 cm LC images. Using a large database of simulated cosmic 21 cm LCs, we compare the relative performance in parameter estimation of different network architectures. These including two types of RNNs, which differ in their complexity, as well as a more traditional convolutional neural network (CNN). For the ideal case of no instrumental effects, our simplest and easiest to train RNN performs the best, with a mean squared parameter estimation error (MSE) that is lower by a factor of ≳2 compared with the other architectures studied here, and a factor of ≳8 lower than the previously-studied CNN. We also corrupt the cosmic signal by adding noise expected from a 1000 h integration with the Square Kilometre Array, as well as excising a foreground-contaminated ‘horizon wedge’. Parameter prediction errors increase when the NNs are trained on these contaminated LC images, though recovery is still good even in the most pessimistic case (with R2 ≳ 0.5−0.95). However, we find no notable differences in performance between network architectures on the contaminated images. We argue this is due to the size of our data set, highlighting the need for larger data sets and/or better data augmentation in order to maximize the potential of NNs in 21 cm parameter estimation.
Scintillation time-scale measurement of the highly active FRB20201124A
Authors: Main R A , Hilmarsson G H , Marthi V R , Spitler L G , Wharton R S , Bethapudi S , Li D Z , Lin H-H 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Scintillation of compact radio sources results from the interference between images caused by multipath propagation, and probes the intervening scattering plasma and the velocities of the emitting source and scattering screen. In FRB20201124A, a repeating fast radio burst (FRB) that entered a period of extreme activity, we obtained many burst detections in observations at the upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (uGMRT) and the Effelsberg 100-m Radio Telescope. Bursts nearby in time show similar scintillation patterns, and we measure a scintillation time-scale of 14.3 ± 1.2 and 7 ± 2 min at Effelsberg (1370 MHz) and uGMRT (650 MHz), respectively, by correlating burst pair spectra. The scintillation bandwidth scaled to 1 GHz is 0.5 ± 0.1 MHz, and the inferred scintillation velocity at Effelsberg is $V_{\mathrm{ISS}}\approx (59\pm 7) \sqrt{d_{\mathrm{ l}}/2\, \rm {kpc}}~{\rm km~s}^{-1}$, higher than Earth’s velocity for any screen beyond a lens distance of $d_{\mathrm{ l}} \gtrsim 400\,$ pc. From the measured scintillation bandwidth, FRB20201124A has comparatively lower scattering than nearby pulsars, and is underscattered by a factor of ∼30 or ∼1200 compared to the NE2001 and YMW16 model predictions, respectively. This underscattering together with the measured scintillation velocity is consistent with a scattering screen more nearby the Earth at $d_{\mathrm{ l}} \sim 400\,$ pc, rather than at 2 kpc spiral arm that NE2001 predicts to be the dominant source of scattering. With future measurements, the distance, geometry, and velocity of the scattering screen could be obtained through modelling of the annual variation in VISS, or through interstation time delays or interferometric observations. Scintillation/scattering measurements of FRBs could help improve Galactic electron density models, particularly in the Galactic halo or at high Galactic latitudes.
Cosmic shear beyond 2-point statistics: Accounting for galaxy intrinsic alignment with projected tidal fields
Authors: Harnois-Déraps Joachim , Martinet Nicolas , Reischke Robert 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Developing analysis pipelines based on statistics beyond two-point functions is critical for extracting a maximal amount of cosmological information from current and upcoming weak lensing surveys. In this paper, we study the impact of the intrinsic alignment of galaxies (IA) on three promising probes measured from aperture mass maps – the lensing peaks, minima, and full PDF. Our 2D IA infusion method converts the light-cone-projected mass sheets into projected tidal tensors, which are then linearly coupled to an intrinsic ellipticity component with a strength controlled by the coupling parameter AIA. We validate our method with the γ-2PCFs statistics, recovering well the linear alignment model of Bridle & King in a full tomographic setting, and for different AIA values. We next use our method to infuse at the galaxy catalogue level a non-linear IA model that includes the density-weighting term introduced in Blazek et al., and compute the impact on the three aperture mass map statistics. We find that large $\mathcal {S}/\mathcal {N}$ peaks are maximally affected, with deviations reaching 30 per cent (10 per cent) for a Euclid-like (KiDS-like) survey. Modelling the signal in a wCDM cosmology universe with N-body simulations, we forecast the cosmological bias caused by unmodelled IA for 100 deg2 of Euclid-like data, finding very large offsets in w0 (5-10σstat), Ωm (4-6σstat), and $S_8 \equiv \sigma _8\sqrt{\Omega _{\rm m}/0.3}$ (∼3σstat). The method presented in this paper offers a compelling avenue to account for IA in beyond-two-point weak lensing statistics, with a flexibility comparable to that of current γ-2PCFs IA analytical models.
(H)DPGMM: a hierarchy of Dirichlet process Gaussian mixture models for the inference of the black hole mass function
Authors: Rinaldi Stefano , Del Pozzo Walter 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTWe introduce (H)DPGMM, a hierarchical Bayesian non-parametric method based on the Dirichlet process Gaussian mixture model, designed to infer data-driven population properties of astrophysical objects without being committal to any specific physical model. We investigate the efficacy of our model on simulated data sets and demonstrate its capability to reconstruct correctly a variety of population models without the need of fine-tuning of the algorithm. We apply our method to the problem of inferring the black hole mass function given a set of gravitational wave observations from LIGO and Virgo, and find that the (H)DPGMM infers a binary black hole mass function that is consistent with previous estimates without the requirement of a theoretically motivated parametric model. Although the number of systems observed is still too small for a robust inference, (H)DPGMM confirms the presence of at least two distinct modes in the observed merging black hole mass function, hence suggesting in a model-independent fashion the presence of at least two classes of binary black hole systems.
Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): z ~ 0 galaxy luminosity function down to L ~ 106 L⊙ via clustering based redshift inference
Authors: Karademir Geray S , Taylor Edward N , Blake Chris , Baldry Ivan K , Bellstedt Sabine , Bilicki Maciej , Brown Michael J I , Cluver Michelle E , Driver Simon P , Hildebrandt Hendrik , Holwerda Benne W , Hopkins Andrew M , Loveday Jonathan , Phillipps Steven , Wright Angus H 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
In this study, we present a new experimental design using clustering-based redshift inference to measure the evolving galaxy luminosity function (GLF) spanning 5.5 decades from L ∼ 1011.5 to 106 L⊙. We use data from the Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) survey and the Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS). We derive redshift distributions in bins of apparent magnitude to the limits of the GAMA-KiDS photometric catalogue: mr ≲ 23; more than a decade in luminosity beyond the limits of the GAMA spectroscopic redshift sample via clustering-based redshift inference. This technique uses spatial cross-correlation statistics for a reference set with known redshifts (in our case, the main GAMA sample) to derive the redshift distribution for the target ensemble. For the calibration of the redshift distribution, we use a simple parametrization with an adaptive normalization factor over the interval 0.005 &lt; z &lt; 0.48 to derive the clustering redshift results. We find that the GLF has a relatively constant power-law slope α ≈ −1.2 for −17 ≲ Mr ≲ −13, and then appears to steepen sharply for −13 ≲ Mr ≲ −10. This upturn appears to be where globular clusters (GCs) take over to dominate the source counts as a function of luminosity. Thus, we have mapped the GLF across the full range of the z ∼ 0 field galaxy population from the most luminous galaxies down to the GC scale.
Quenching, bursting, and galaxy shapes: colour transformation as a function of morphology
Authors: de Sá-Freitas C , Gonçalves T S , de Carvalho R R , Menéndez-Delmestre K , Barchi P H , Sampaio V M , Basu-Zych Antara , Darvish Behnam , Martin Christopher 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Different mechanisms for quenching star formation in galaxies are commonly invoked in the literature, but the relative impact of each one at different cosmic epochs is still unknown. In particular, the relation between these processes and morphological transformation remains poorly understood. In this work, we measure the effectiveness of changes in star formation rates by analysing a new parameter, the Star Formation Acceleration (SFA), as a function of galaxy morphology. This methodology is capable of identifying both bursting and quenching episodes that occurred in the preceding 300 Myr. We use morphological classification catalogues based on Deep Learning techniques. Our final sample has ∼14 200 spirals and ∼2500 ellipticals. We find that elliptical galaxies in the transition region have median shorter quenching time-scales (τ &lt; 1 Gyr) than spirals (τ ≥ 1 Gyr). This result conforms to the scenario in which major mergers and other violent processes play a fundamental role in galaxy evolution for most ellipticals, not only quenching star formation more rapidly but also playing a role in morphological transformation. We also find that ∼two-thirds of galaxies bursting in the green valley in our sample are massive spirals ($M_\star \ge 10^{11.0}\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$) with signs of disturbance. This is in accordance with the scenario where low-mass galaxies are losing their gas in an interaction with a massive galaxy: while the former is quenching, the last is being refueled and going through a burst, showing signs of recent interaction.