bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validity of different copeptin assays in the differential diagnosis of the polyuria-polydipsia syndrome
Authors: Sailer Clara Odilia , Refardt Julie , Blum Claudine Angela , Schnyder Ingeborg , Molina-Tijeras Jose Alberto , Fenske Wiebke , Christ-Crain Mirjam 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to correlate three commercially available copeptin assays and their diagnostic accuracy in the differential diagnosis of the polyuria-polydipsia syndrome. Analyzed data include repeated copeptin measures of 8 healthy volunteers and 40 patients with polyuria-polydipsia syndrome undergoing osmotic stimulation and of 40 patients hospitalized with pneumonia. Copeptin was measured using the automated Brahms KRYPTOR, the manual Brahms LIA and the manual Cloud Clone ELISA assay. Primary outcome was the interrater correlation coefficient (ICC) and diagnostic accuracy in the polyuria-polydipsia syndrome of the three assays. In healthy volunteers, there was a moderate correlation for the KRYPTOR and LIA (ICC 0.74; 95% CI 0.07 to 0.91), and a poor correlation for the KRYPTOR and ELISA (ICC 0.07; 95% CI − 0.06 to 0.29), as for the LIA and ELISA (ICC 0.04; 95% CI − 0.04 to 0.17). The KRYPTOR had the highest diagnostic accuracy (98% (95% CI 83 to100)), comparable to the LIA (88% (95% CI 74 to 100)), while the ELISA had a poor diagnostic accuracy (55% (95% CI 34 to 68)) in the differential diagnosis of the polyuria-polydipsia syndrome. The KRYPTOR and LIA yield comparable copeptin concentrations and high diagnostic accuracy, while the ELISA correlates poorly with the other two assays and shows a poor diagnostic accuracy for polyuria-polydipsia patients. The current copeptin cut-off is valid for the KRYPTOR and LIA assay. Our results indicate that interpretation with other assays should be performed with caution and separate validation studies are required before their use in differentiating patients with polyuria-polydipsia syndrome.Trial registration: NCT02647736 January 6, 2016/NCT01940614 September 12, 2013/NCT00973154 September 9, 2009.
Multiview deconvolution approximation multiphoton microscopy of tissues and zebrafish larvae
Authors: Kapsokalyvas Dimitrios , Rosas Rodrigo , Janssen Rob W. A. , Vanoevelen Jo M. , Nabben Miranda , Strauch Martin , Merhof Dorit , van Zandvoort Marc A. M. J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractImaging in three dimensions is necessary for thick tissues and small organisms. This is possible with tomographic optical microscopy techniques such as confocal, multiphoton and light sheet microscopy. All these techniques suffer from anisotropic resolution and limited penetration depth. In the past, Multiview microscopy—imaging the sample from different angles followed by 3D image reconstruction—was developed to address this issue for light sheet microscopy based on fluorescence signal. In this study we applied this methodology to accomplish Multiview imaging with multiphoton microscopy based on fluorescence and additionally second harmonic signal from myosin and collagen. It was shown that isotropic resolution was achieved, the entirety of the sample was visualized, and interference artifacts were suppressed allowing clear visualization of collagen fibrils and myofibrils. This method can be applied to any scanning microscopy technique without microscope modifications. It can be used for imaging tissue and whole mount small organisms such as heart tissue, and zebrafish larva in 3D, label-free or stained, with at least threefold axial resolution improvement which can be significant for the accurate quantification of small 3D structures.
Predicting distribution of malaria vector larval habitats in Ethiopia by integrating distributed hydrologic modeling with remotely sensed data
Authors: Jiang Ai-Ling , Lee Ming-Chieh , Zhou Guofa , Zhong Daibin , Hawaria Dawit , Kibret Solomon , Yewhalaw Delenasaw , Sanders Brett F. , Yan Guiyun , Hsu Kuolin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLarval source management has gained renewed interest as a malaria control strategy in Africa but the widespread and transient nature of larval breeding sites poses a challenge to its implementation. To address this problem, we propose combining an integrated high resolution (50 m) distributed hydrological model and remotely sensed data to simulate potential malaria vector aquatic habitats. The novelty of our approach lies in its consideration of irrigation practices and its ability to resolve complex ponding processes that contribute to potential larval habitats. The simulation was performed for the year of 2018 using ParFlow-Common Land Model (CLM) in a sugarcane plantation in the Oromia region, Ethiopia to examine the effects of rainfall and irrigation. The model was calibrated using field observations of larval habitats to successfully predict ponding at all surveyed locations from the validation dataset. Results show that without irrigation, at least half of the area inside the farms had a 40% probability of potential larval habitat occurrence. With irrigation, the probability increased to 56%. Irrigation dampened the seasonality of the potential larval habitats such that the peak larval habitat occurrence window during the rainy season was extended into the dry season. Furthermore, the stability of the habitats was prolonged, with a significant shift from semi-permanent to permanent habitats. Our study provides a hydrological perspective on the impact of environmental modification on malaria vector ecology, which can potentially inform malaria control strategies through better water management.
A metallo-β-lactamase enzyme for internal detoxification of the antibiotic thienamycin
Authors: Diene Seydina M. , Pinault Lucile , Baron Sophie Alexandra , Azza Saïd , Armstrong Nicholas , Hadjadj Linda , Chabrière Eric , Rolain Jean-Marc , Pontarotti Pierre , Raoult Didier 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThienamycin, the first representative of carbapenem antibiotics was discovered in the mid-1970s from soil microorganism, Streptomyces cattleya, during the race to discover inhibitors of bacterial peptidoglycan synthesis. Chemically modified into imipenem (N-formimidoyl thienamycin), now one of the most clinically important antibiotics, thienamycin is encoded by a thienamycin gene cluster composed of 22 genes (thnA to thnV) from S. cattleya NRRL 8057 genome. Interestingly, the role of all thn-genes has been experimentally demonstrated in the thienamycin biosynthesis, except thnS, despite its annotation as putative β-lactamase. Here, we expressed thnS gene and investigated its activities against various substrates. Our analyses revealed that ThnS belonged to the superfamily of metallo-β-lactamase fold proteins. Compared to known β-lactamases such as OXA-48 and NDM-1, ThnS exhibited a lower affinity and less efficiency toward penicillin G and cefotaxime, while imipenem is more actively hydrolysed. Moreover, like most MBL fold enzymes, additional enzymatic activities of ThnS were detected such as hydrolysis of ascorbic acid, single strand DNA, and ribosomal RNA. ThnS appears as a MBL enzyme with multiple activities including a specialised β-lactamase activity toward imipenem. Thus, like toxin/antitoxin systems, the role of thnS gene within the thienamycin gene cluster appears as an antidote against the produced thienamycin.
Abiraterone acetate versus bicalutamide in combination with gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonist therapy for high risk metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer
Authors: Ueda Takashi , Shiraishi Takumi , Ito Saya , Ohashi Munehiro , Matsugasumi Toru , Yamada Yasuhiro , Fujihara Atsuko , Hongo Fumiya , Okihara Koji , Ukimura Osamu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of abiraterone acetate with that of bicalutamide in combination with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist treatment for patients with high-risk metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). A total of 149 patients with mHSPC who underwent treatment at our hospital and affiliated hospitals between December 2013 and July 2020 were retrospectively identified. Fifty patients were administered abiraterone acetate (1000 mg/day) plus prednisolone (5 mg/day) with a GnRH antagonist (degarelix) (group A), and 99 patients were administered bicalutamide (80 mg/day) with a GnRH antagonist (group B). The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression-free survival (PSA-PFS) was significantly longer in group A than in group B. Abiraterone acetate therapy and Gleason score were significant independent factors of PSA-PFS. Using propensity score matching, 56 matched patients were obtained. The PSA-PFS (p < 0.001) and overall survival (OS) (p = 0.0071) of patients with high-risk mHSPC were significantly longer in group A of matched patients. Abiraterone acetate therapy and Gleason score were significant independent factors for PSA-PFS in matched patients. The PSA-PFS and OS of patients treated with abiraterone acetate in combination with a GnRH antagonist were significantly better than those treated with bicalutamide.
Differential response to scrambler therapy by neuropathic pain phenotypes
Authors: Min Young Gi , Baek Hyun Seok , Lee Kyoung-Min , Hong Yoon-Ho 
Published: May 2021

AbstractScrambler therapy is a noninvasive electroanalgesia technique designed to remodulate the pain system. Despite growing evidence of its efficacy in patients with neuropathic pain, little is known about the clinical factors associated with treatment outcome. We conducted a prospective, open-label, single-arm trial to assess the efficacy and safety of scrambler therapy in patients with chronic neuropathic pain of various etiologies. A post-hoc analysis was performed to investigate whether cluster analysis of the Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory (NPSI) profiles could identify a subgroup of patients regarding neuropathic pain phenotype and treatment outcome. Scrambler therapy resulted in a significant decrease in the pain numerical rating scale (NRS) score over 2 weeks of treatment (least squares mean of percentage change from baseline, − 15%; 95% CI − 28% to − 2.4%; p < 0.001). The mean score of Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) interference subdimension was also significantly improved (p = 0.022), while the BPI pain composite score was not. Hierarchical clustering based on the NPSI profiles partitioned the patients into 3 clusters with distinct neuropathic pain phenotypes. Linear mixed-effects model analyses revealed differential response to scrambler therapy across clusters (p = 0.003, pain NRS; p = 0.072, BPI interference subdimension). Treatment response to scrambler therapy appears different depending on the neuropathic pain phenotypes, with more favorable outcomes in patients with preferentially paroxysmal pain rather than persistent pain. Further studies are warranted to confirm that capturing neuropathic pain phenotypes can optimize the use of scrambler therapy.
An artificial intelligence system for predicting the deterioration of COVID-19 patients in the emergency department
Authors: Shamout Farah E. , Shen Yiqiu , Wu Nan , Kaku Aakash , Park Jungkyu , Makino Taro , Jastrzębski Stanisław , Witowski Jan , Wang Duo , Zhang Ben , Dogra Siddhant , Cao Meng , Razavian Narges , Kudlowitz David , Azour Lea , Moore William , Lui Yvonne W. , Aphinyanaphongs Yindalon , Fernandez-Granda Carlos , Geras Krzysztof J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDuring the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, rapid and accurate triage of patients at the emergency department is critical to inform decision-making. We propose a data-driven approach for automatic prediction of deterioration risk using a deep neural network that learns from chest X-ray images and a gradient boosting model that learns from routine clinical variables. Our AI prognosis system, trained using data from 3661 patients, achieves an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.786 (95% CI: 0.745–0.830) when predicting deterioration within 96 hours. The deep neural network extracts informative areas of chest X-ray images to assist clinicians in interpreting the predictions and performs comparably to two radiologists in a reader study. In order to verify performance in a real clinical setting, we silently deployed a preliminary version of the deep neural network at New York University Langone Health during the first wave of the pandemic, which produced accurate predictions in real-time. In summary, our findings demonstrate the potential of the proposed system for assisting front-line physicians in the triage of COVID-19 patients.
Biased action of the CXCR4-targeting drug plerixafor is essential for its superior hematopoietic stem cell mobilization
Authors: Jørgensen Astrid S. , Daugvilaite Viktorija , De Filippo Katia , Berg Christian , Mavri Masa , Benned-Jensen Tau , Juzenaite Goda , Hjortø Gertrud , Rankin Sara , Våbenø Jon , Rosenkilde Mette M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFollowing the FDA-approval of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) mobilizer plerixafor, orally available and potent CXCR4 antagonists were pursued. One such proposition was AMD11070, which was orally active and had superior antagonism in vitro; however, it did not appear as effective for HSC mobilization in vivo. Here we show that while AMD11070 acts as a full antagonist, plerixafor acts biased by stimulating β-arrestin recruitment while fully antagonizing G protein. Consequently, while AMD11070 prevents the constitutive receptor internalization, plerixafor allows it and thereby decreases receptor expression. These findings are confirmed by the successful transfer of both ligands’ binding sites and action to the related CXCR3 receptor. In vivo, plerixafor exhibits superior HSC mobilization associated with a dramatic reversal of the CXCL12 gradient across the bone marrow endothelium, which is not seen for AMD11070. We propose that the biased action of plerixafor is central for its superior therapeutic effect in HSC mobilization.
A modular two yeast species secretion system for the production and preparative application of unspecific peroxygenases
Authors: Püllmann Pascal , Knorrscheidt Anja , Münch Judith , Palme Paul R. , Hoehenwarter Wolfgang , Marillonnet Sylvestre , Alcalde Miguel , Westermann Bernhard , Weissenborn Martin J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFungal unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs) represent an enzyme class catalysing versatile oxyfunctionalisation reactions on a broad substrate scope. They are occurring as secreted, glycosylated proteins bearing a haem-thiolate active site and rely on hydrogen peroxide as the oxygen source. However, their heterologous production in a fast-growing organism suitable for high throughput screening has only succeeded once—enabled by an intensive directed evolution campaign. We developed and applied a modular Golden Gate-based secretion system, allowing the first production of four active UPOs in yeast, their one-step purification and application in an enantioselective conversion on a preparative scale. The Golden Gate setup was designed to be universally applicable and consists of the three module types: i) signal peptides for secretion, ii) UPO genes, and iii) protein tags for purification and split-GFP detection. The modular episomal system is suitable for use in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and was transferred to episomal and chromosomally integrated expression cassettes in Pichia pastoris. Shake flask productions in Pichia pastoris yielded up to 24 mg/L secreted UPO enzyme, which was employed for the preparative scale conversion of a phenethylamine derivative reaching 98.6 % ee. Our results demonstrate a rapid, modular yeast secretion workflow of UPOs yielding preparative scale enantioselective biotransformations.
Quantification of particulate Ag in rainbow trout organs following dietary exposure to silver nitrate, or two forms of engineered silver nanoparticles
Authors: Clark Nathaniel J. , Clough Robert , Boyle David , Handy Richard D. 
Published: May 2021

Following exposure to a diet containing a control (no added Ag), AgNO3, Ag NPs or Ag2S NPs, Ag-containing particles were found in organs of all treatments, with the highest concentrations following exposure to AgNO3 or Ag NP.
Parent Command Use and Child Compliance During Parent–Child Interactions Including Children With Down Syndrome
Authors: Lorang Emily K. , Sterling Audra 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThis study investigated maternal and paternal command use and child compliance in children with Down syndrome during mother–child and father–child free-play interactions. We also examined child compliance to direct versus indirect commands, and the relationships between maternal command use, paternal command use, child compliance, and child speech and language abilities.MethodFifteen families including a mother, father, and child with Down syndrome participated. Mother–child and father–child dyads participated in free-play interactions. We coded overall parent command use, command type (direct or indirect), and child compliance with the commands. Child language abilities were measured using a standardized assessment as well as during free-play.ResultsMothers and fathers of children with Down syndrome used a similar number of commands, and children complied similarly across interactions. Children were more likely to comply with direct versus indirect commands. Parent command use was related to child language abilities in different ways for mothers and fathers. Child compliance was not related to receptive or expressive language abilities.ConclusionsMothers and fathers of children with Down syndrome use commands in similar ways but may base their command use on different child factors. Using direct commands with children with Down syndrome may be beneficial when increasing compliance during early interactions.
The relevance of local magnetic records when using extreme space weather events as benchmarks
Authors: Saiz Elena , Cid Consuelo , Guerrero Antonio 
Published: May 2021

Space weather indices introduced for scientific purposes are commonly used to quantify operational nowcast of the geospace state during extreme space weather events. Some indices, such as the Disturbance storm time (Dst) index, have been applied to situations for which they are not originally intended. This raises a question about suitability as a space weather benchmark. In analysing historical records for different magnetometers at low- and mid-latitude, we find periods with longitudinal asymmetry in magnetic response that suggest important signals from individual magnetometers are being averaged out of the Dst record. This asymmetry develops as a double spike in the H-component: one negative in the observatories in the day sector and one positive in the observatories in the night sector. These spikes develop in short-time (about 2 h) and pose a potential hazardous effect for users affected by space weather. The results from historical events have been reinforced with the systematic study of magnetic records during extreme events (Dst ≤ −200 nT and AL ≤ −2000 nT) in the period 1998–2017 from six magnetic observatories at about 40° magnetic latitude. Moreover, we show that the largest asymmetries take place during the early main phase and are recorded in narrow local time sectors. An important outcome of these results is that space weather benchmarks should be based on local records instead of the commonly used global indices. This action improves two important aspects of space weather: the assessment of historical extreme events and that of the needs of users.
Allergien bei Tieren phytotherapeutisch therapieren
Authors: Thoonsen Yvonne 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungAllergien gehen mit einer Schädigung der epidermalen Hautbarriere einher. Eine zusätzliche Versorgung mit essenziellen Fettsäuren (enthalten in pflanzlichen Ölen), Ceramiden (in Form von Linolsäure als deren Vorstufe) und Avocadin® (in der Regel topisch angewendet) hilft, sie zu regenerieren. Eine tabellarische Übersicht informiert über weitere Phytotherapeutika zur Behandlung vorgeschädigter Haut.
Metallic Implants in MRI – Hazards and Imaging Artifacts
Authors: Peschke Eva , Ulloa Patricia , Jansen Olav , Hoevener Jan-Bernd 
Published: May 2021

Background Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an examination method for noninvasive soft tissue imaging without the use of ionizing radiation. Metallic implants, however, may pose a risk for the patient and often result in imaging artifacts. Due to the increasing number of implants, reducing these artifacts has become an important goal. In this review, we describe the risks associated with implants and provide the background on how metal-induced artifacts are formed. We review the literature on methods on how to reduce artifacts and summarize our findings.
Method The literature was searched using PubMed and the keywords “MRI metal artifact reduction”, “metallic implants” and “MRI artefacts/artifacts”.
Results and Conclusion The MRI compatibility of implants has to be evaluated individually. To reduce artifacts, two general approaches were found: a) parameter optimization in standard sequences (echo time, slice thickness, bandwidth) and b) specialized sequences, such as VAT, OMAR, WARP, SEMAC and MAVRIC. These methods reduced artifacts and improved image quality, albeit at the cost of a (sometimes significantly) prolonged scan time. New developments in accelerated imaging will likely shorten the scan time of these methods significantly, such that routine use may become feasible.
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Posterior Mediastinal and Cutaneous Back Hemangiomas in Infants: A New Association
Authors: AbouZeid Amr AbdelHamid , Mohammad Shaimaa Abdelsattar , Aly Heba Gomaa , Ragab Iman Ahmed 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInfantile hemangiomas (IHs) are common vascular tumors. In most cases, a benign course with favorable outcome can be anticipated. IH typically present as cutaneous lesions either with a localized or diffuse segmental distribution. Segmental hemangiomas in the face may be associated with brain and cardiac anomalies (PHACES syndrome), whereas airway involvement has been reported to be associated with hemangiomas in the “beard” area. Multiple cutaneous hemangiomas may be associated with visceral hemangiomas (commonly in the liver).In this report, we present a new association where deep paravertebral hemangiomatous lesions were observed to be associated with cutaneous back hemangiomas in two consecutive cases.