bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrous Proton Transfer through Graphene Interlayer: An Extraordinary Mechanism under Magnifier
Authors: Zakertabrizi Mohammad , Hosseini Ehsan , Habibnejad Korayem Asghar , Razmjou Amir 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBalancing ionic selectivity against permeability in filters made from graphene remains a challenge today. Interlayer distance, as the most important factor, dominates nearly all aspects of the flow inside the channel, from the formation of water molecules to the hydration shell of the ions. Unraveling the effects of the interlayer distance on the proton diffusion process helps lay a foundation for the cutting‐edge proton conduction technology. Here, the reactive molecular dynamics simulations are used to probe the proton flow through a series of hydrated graphene channels with different interlayer distance values. The results show that the proton‐selectivity experiences a sharp increase when the channel height is reduced to values under 8 Å, which is near the end of the hydration radii range of the monovalent and divalent cations. Reducing the interlayer distance also decreases the number of confined water molecules, consequently reducing the proton diffusion rate as the hopping platform fades. This way, spatial hindrance combined with the proton‐selective Grotthuss mechanism provide a proton‐exclusive membrane. The outputs of this work can be used for the optimization of proton‐exclusive nanochannels and to serve affordable proton‐exchange membranes (PEMs) for technological advancement in diverse fields from PEM fuel cells to storing liquid hydrogen.
Understanding Transient Photoluminescence in Halide Perovskite Layer Stacks and Solar Cells
Authors: Krückemeier Lisa , Krogmeier Benedikt , Liu Zhifa , Rau Uwe , Kirchartz Thomas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhile transient photoluminescence (TPL) measurements are a very popular tool to monitor the charge‐carrier dynamics in the field of halide perovskite photovoltaics, interpretation of data obtained on multilayer samples is highly challenging due to the superposition of various effects that modulate the charge‐carrier concentration in the perovskite layer and thereby the measured photoluminescence (PL). These effects include bulk and interfacial recombination, charge transfer to electron‐ or hole transport layers, and capacitive charging or discharging. Here, numerical simulations with Sentauraus TCAD, analytical solutions, and experimental data with a dynamic range of ≈7 orders of magnitude on a variety of different sample geometries, from perovskite films on glass to full devices, are combined to present an improved understanding of this method. A presentation of the decay time of the TPL decay that follows from taking the derivative of the photoluminescence at every time is proposed. Plotting this decay time as a function of the time‐dependent quasi‐Fermi‐level splitting enables distinguishing between the different contributions of radiative and non‐radiative recombination as well as charge extraction and capacitive effects to the decay.
Genetic diversity and distinctness based on morphological and SSR markers in peanut
Authors: Hong Yanbin , Pandey Manish K. , Lu Qing , Liu Hao , Gangurde Sunil S. , Li Shaoxiong , Liu Haiyan , Li Haifen , Liang Xuanqiang , Varshney Rajeev K. , Chen Xiaoping 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe morphological and molecular diversity of 101 peanut varieties from South China were analyzed to identify distinctness among these varieties. No significant difference was observed for six morphological characteristics whereas a range of 0.25–0.51 of diversity index was observed for 11 morphological characteristics, with an average value of 0.39. Molecular characterization with 40 highly polymorphic simple sequence repeats (SSRs) generated a total of 167 alleles ranging from two to six alleles per marker with average 4.18 alleles per marker. The polymorphism information content (PIC) of these markers varied from 0.79 to 0.26 with an average value of 0.55 per marker. The diversity analysis using morphological and genotyping data grouped all the varieties into seven and six clusters, respectively, and varieties released by the same province tended to be grouped in the same cluster. Mantel testing revealed that the correlations between the similarity coefficient matrixes of the morphological characteristics and SSR markers of different varieties were weak (r = .347), implying that deployment of more SSR markers is needed for achieving distinctness among these peanut varieties. Nevertheless, the combination of morphological characteristics and SSR markers will effectively increase the accuracy of distinctiveness identification.
Resolution of sclerotic lesions of dysosteosclerosis due to biallelic SLC29A3 variant in a Turkish girl
Authors: Uludağ Alkaya Dilek , Akpınar Evren , Bilguvar Kaya , Tüysüz Beyhan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDysosteosclerosis is a group of sclerosing bone dysplasia characterized by short stature, increased bone fragility, osteosclerosis, and platyspondyly. It is a genetically heterogeneous disorder caused by biallelic mutations in the SLC29A3, TNFRSF11A, TCIRG1, and CSF1R genes. To date, four dysosteosclerosis patients with SLC29A3 mutations have been reported. Here, we report biallelic SLC29A3 (c.303_320dupCTACTTTGAGAGCTACCT) variant in a three‐year‐old girl. She had large anterior fontanelle, fracture history, short stature, camptodactyly, elbow contracture, and melanocytic nevus. Initial skeletal radiographs revealed platyspondyly, dense vertebral endplates (sandwich appearance of the vertebral bodies), diffuse sclerosis of the peripheral side of the pelvic bones, sclerosis of metaphysis and diaphysis of the long bones, metaphyseal widening, and diaphyseal cortical thickening. Mild sclerosis was also present in the skull base, maxilla, rib, scapula, and phalanges. Notably, we observed that sandwich vertebrae appearance significantly resolved and sclerosis of ribs, scapula, pelvis, and long bone metaphysis regressed over a 2.5‐year period. However, platyspondyly, metaphyseal widening, and diaphyseal cortical thickening persisted. In conclusion, this study demonstrates spontaneous resolution of osteosclerosis, which was not described previously in patients with dysosteosclerosis.
A Facile and Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Labeled and Unlabeled Very Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
Authors: Hamberg Mats 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSeveral methods are available for elongation of fatty acid acyl chains. The present paper describes adaptation to the fatty acid field of a previously published protocol for manganese‐based Wurtz type coupling of alkyl bromides. 22‐Bromo‐3(Z),6(Z),9(Z),12(Z),15(Z),18(Z)‐docosahexaene, easily prepared from 4(Z),7(Z),10(Z),13(Z),16(Z),19(Z)‐docosahexaenoic acid, was coupled to homologous ω‐bromoesters by stirring for 4 hours at 40°C in the presence of manganese powder, a nickel catalyst and terpyridine. This afforded in yields of 70–75% a series of ω3‐hexaenoates of chain lengths of 32–40 carbons. The corresponding fatty acids of >98% purity were obtained following saponification and final purification. By using methyl [2,2,3,3,4,4‐2H6]10‐bromodecanoate as coupling partner it was possible to prepare a very long chain fatty acid in isotopically labeled form, i.e., [2,2,3,3,4,4‐2H6]14(Z),17(Z),20(Z),23(Z),26(Z),29(Z)‐dotriacontahexaenoic acid. Also prepared were the monounsaturated long chain fatty acids 15(Z)‐octadecenoic acid and 15(Z)‐tetracosenoic acid. Very long chain fatty acids have been isolated from retina and other tissues and are of biological relevance. The methodology described will assist in further analytical and biological studies in this field.
A comparative genome‐wide analysis of the ABC transporter gene family among three Gossypium species
Authors: Cui Baolu , Li Yan , Zhang Yanjie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractATP‐binding cassette (ABC) proteins are powerful transporters and are involved in countless cellular processes of plant development. In the present study, 315, 169, and 170 ABC genes were identified in Gossypium hirsutum, Gossypium raimondii, and Gossypium arboreum, respectively. The ABC genes were clustered into eight subfamilies based on their structural and phylogenetic features. The ABC members within the same subfamily showed similar protein structures and motif composition. Both tandem and segmental duplication events appear to have shaped the extensive expansion of the ABC transporter gene family, with purifying selection being the primary driving force for evolution. Expression profiles derived from transcriptome data exhibited distinct expression patterns of GhABC genes in various tissues and in response to different abiotic stresses. Additionally, analyses of the expression patterns of syntenic GhABC paralog pairs across 10 tissues and at ovule and fiber development stages revealed their functional conservation, subfunctionalization, neo‐functionalization, and pseudogenization during evolution. Finally, the analysis of co‐expressed subnetworks and tissue‐specific expression profiles suggested several ABC gene members might be involved in fiber development. This research provides a comprehensive overview of the ABC transporter gene family and forms the basis for further functional analysis in cotton.
Grid power quality improvement using a vehicle‐to‐grid enabled bidirectional off‐board electric vehicle battery charger
Authors: Lenka Rajesh Kumar , Panda Anup Kumar 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThis paper investigates the application of a vehicle‐to‐grid (V2G)‐enabled bidirectional off‐board electric vehicle (EV) battery charger on the grid current harmonic compensation (GCHC) and reactive power compensation (RPC) and simultaneously uses it as a battery charger and power generator. To generate reference current, the proposed EV charger control algorithm processed the nonlinear residential load current and point of common coupling (PCC) voltage, to estimate the active load current component and synchronizing voltage template, respectively. The EV charger control algorithm uses an adaptive notch filter (ANF) to generate the in‐phase and 90° shifted synchronizing voltage template from PCC voltage. Furthermore, a resonant filter is used to extract the fundamental frequency residential load current component accurately. The extracted fundamental component is sampled and hold at zero crossings of the 90° shifted synchronizing voltage template to estimate the active load current component. As a result, the proposed control algorithm ensures effective performance without depending on any phase‐locked loop (PLL). The charger performance with the proposed control algorithm is validated by the simulation results obtained using MATLAB/Simulink. Furthermore, an off‐board EV battery charger experimental prototype is built in the laboratory to verify the obtained simulation results.
Dynamic Doppler prediction in high‐speed rail using long short‐term memory neural network
Authors: Xiong Lei , Zhang Zhengyu , Yao Dongpin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the high‐speed rail (HSR), wireless communication systems are suffering considerably from the huge Doppler shift caused by the high speed moving of the train. Moreover, the Doppler shift in HSR changes rapidly, and results in the poor Doppler prediction performance on pay‐load symbols. In this paper, a novel Doppler prediction algorithm based on long short‐term memory (LSTM) neural network is proposed. The proposed algorithm is enable to learn the regularity of the Doppler shift by the pretraining and tracking training, and can achieve better prediction performance for high speed moving than traditional algorithms without modification of the communication protocol.
Reinduction chemotherapy regimen involved decitabine and cladribine improves the prognosis of patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia: A preliminary study
Authors: Hui Yan , Li Yi , Tong Xiwen , Huang Lifang , Mao Xia , Huang Liang , Zhang Donghua 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRelapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (R/R‐AML) is characterized by a high incidence, short survival and poor prognosis. Presently, no unified effective reinduction chemotherapy regimen has been developed. Therefore, the use of reinduction chemotherapy regimens before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) is controversial. Our study aims to analyze the prognostic factors of R/R‐AML and to evaluate the efficacy of the regimen involved decitabine, cladribine, idarubicin or homoharringtonine, and cytarabine (DCIA/DCHA). Clinical and survival data of 112 R/R‐AML patients were obtained. Among the 102 R/R‐AML patients that were treated with conventional regimens, we found that poor prognosis was related to a greater proportion of bone marrow blasts (>70%) and not achieving complete remission (non‐CR) after the first reinduction chemotherapy. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (of which 89.47% was allo‐HSCT) following CR after the first reinduction chemotherapy often improves the prognosis. Of the 10 R/R‐AML patients that were treated with the DCIA/DCHA regimen, nine patients achieved CR or complete response with incomplete hematopoietic recovery (CRi) after one course of chemotherapy. The median overall survival of the 10 patients was 10.14 (1.23‐29.13) months. In conclusion, non‐CR was associated with poor prognosis in R/R‐AML. Therefore, intensive reinduction chemotherapy should be selected to achieve CR. This creates conditions for allo‐HSCT and improves prognosis of R/R‐AML patients. The DCIA/DCHA regimen showed good efficacy and tolerable adverse reactions in R/R‐AML treatment. This combination may be used as a bridging regimen for allo‐HSCT in R/R‐AML.
The Impact of Telmisartan on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Hypertensive Male Siblings of Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Krysiak Robert , Basiak Marcin , Szkróbka Witold , Okopień Bogusław 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBrothers of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) were found to be at increased risk for cardiometabolic disorders. This risk may be exacerbated by concurrent poorly controlled hypertension. Angiotensin II receptor blockers are the most frequently used antihypertensive drugs. The aim of the present study was to compare blood pressure‐lowering and pleiotropic effects of telmisartan between male siblings of PCOS probands and unrelated men. The study included 2 age‐, blood pressure‐, and mass index‐matched groups of men with grade 1 hypertension: 24 brothers of women with PCOS (group A) and 26 brothers of healthy women (group B). All subjects were treated with telmisartan (80 mg daily). Blood pressure, glucose homeostasis markers, and plasma lipids, as well as plasma levels of total testosterone, bioavailable testosterone, androstenedione, uric acid, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP), homocysteine, fibrinogen, and 25‐hydroxyvitamin D were measured before and after 12 weeks of therapy. At entry, there were between‐group differences in the degree of insulin resistance, plasma levels of high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol, triglycerides, calculated bioavailable testosterone, androstenedione, hsCRP, and 25‐hydroxyvitamin D. Although telmisartan reduced blood pressure in both study groups, this effect was stronger in group B. Irrespective of the study group, the drug improved insulin sensitivity and reduced circulating levels of uric acid and homocysteine, but these effects were more pronounced in group B than group A. Only in group B, telmisartan decreased hsCRP and fibrinogen, as well as increased 25‐hydroxyvitamin D. The obtained results suggest that hypertensive male relatives of PCOS probands may gain less benefit from telmisartan treatment than unrelated hypertensive men.
Does early ethanol exposure increase seeking‐like behavior in zebrafish?
Authors: Pinheiro‐da‐Silva Jaquelinne , Araujo‐Silva Heloysa , Luchiari Ana Carolina 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is the most common cause of birth defects. The severe variations are in fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) but the most frequent cases are alcohol‐related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND), which is of a difficult diagnosis. ARND characteristics include impaired social behavior, anxiety and depression prevalence, cognitive deficits, and an increased chance for drug addiction. Here, we aimed to test whether early alcohol exposure leads to later alcohol preference. We hypothesize that early alcohol exposure increases the reinforcing effects on later experiences, raising the chance of addiction in adult life. Lately, the zebrafish has been a valuable model on alcohol research, allowing embryonic exposure and the study of the ontogenetic effects. For this, embryos were exposed to three different alcohol treatments: 0.0%, 0.25% and 0.5%, for 2 hr, at 24‐hr post‐fertilization. Then we evaluated the effects of embryonic alcohol exposure on conditioned place preference in two developmental stage: fry (10 days post‐fertilization (dpf)) and young (90 dpf) zebrafish. Results show that control fish presented alcohol associative learning, which means, changes in place preference due to alcohol exposure, at both ontogenetic phases. However, zebrafish exposed to 0.25 and 0.5% alcohol during embryogenesis did not show conditioning response at any evaluated stage. These results suggest perception and cognitive deficits due to embryonic alcohol exposure that can alter alcohol responsiveness throughout a lifetime. Although low alcohol doses do not provoke malformation, it has been shown to induce several neurological and behavioral changes that are termed as Alcohol‐Related Neurodevelopmental Disorders. These results may contribute to future investigations on how embryonic exposure affects the neurocircuitry related to perception and associative learning processing.
Compact and limited operators
Authors: Bachir Mohammed , Flores Gonzalo , Tapia‐García Sebastián 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLet be a bounded linear operator between two real normed spaces. We characterize compactness of T in terms of differentiability of the Lipschitz functions defined on X with values in another normed space Z. Furthermore, using a similar technique we can also characterize finite rank operators in terms of differentiability of a wider class of functions but still with Lipschitz flavour. As an application we obtain a Banach–Stone‐like theorem. On the other hand, we give an extension of a result of Bourgain and Diestel related to limited operators and cosingularity.
Cognition in pediatric SDB—Yes, no, maybe?
Authors: Garagozzo Ariana , Hunter Scott J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNumerous studies in the past 10 years have reported on the neurocognitive sequalae of pediatric sleep disordered breathing (SDB). Variations in criteria used to define SDB in conjunction with the wide variety of neuropsychological measures selected to evaluate cognitive consequences of SDB have resulted in discrepancies within the literature. This review summarizes the extent literature regarding cognitive effects of pediatric SDB across domains of global intelligence, attention, executive function, memory, language, and visuospatial ability. This review also addresses the proposed etiology underlying neurocognitive consequences of pediatric SDB. The differences in findings across the literature are highlighted and discussed throughout.
Marriage of 2D Covalent–Organic Framework and 3D Network as Stable Solar‐Thermal Still for Efficient Solar Steam Generation
Authors: Huang Zhongming , Luo Yu‐Hui , Geng Wu‐Yue , Wan Yingpeng , Li Shengliang , Lee Chun‐Sing 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this work, a diketopyrrolopyrrole‐based 2D covalent–organic framework (COF) is realized and featured with broadband optical absorption and high solar‐thermal conversion performance. Moreover, a 3D hierarchical structure, referred to as COF‐based hierarchical structure (COFHS), is rationally designed to achieve an enhanced photothermal conversion efficiency. In this water evaporator, diketopyrrolopyrrole is immobilized into conjugated COF to achieve enhanced light absorption, whereas a porous PVA network scaffold is utilized to support COF sheets as well as to enhance the hydrophilicity of the evaporator. Due to this structural advantage, COFHS displays a high solar‐to‐vapor energy conversion efficiency of 93.2%. Under 1 sun AM1.5 G irradiation, a stable water evaporation rate of 2.5 kg m–2 h–1 can be achieved. As a proof‐of‐concept application, a water collection device prepared with the COFHS can achieve high solar‐thermal water collection efficiency of 10.2 L m–2 d–1 under natural solar irradiation. The good solar‐thermal conversion properties and high‐water evaporation rate make the COFHS a promising platform for solar‐thermal water production.
SMEFTsim 3.0 — a practical guide
Authors: Brivio Ilaria 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The SMEFTsim package [1] is designed to enable automated computations in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT), where the SM Lagrangian is extended with a complete basis of dimension six operators. It contains a set of models written in FeynRules and pre-exported to the UFO format, for usage within Monte Carlo event generators. The models differ in the flavor assumptions and in the input parameters chosen for the electroweak sector. The present document provides a self-contained, pedagogical reference that collects all the theoretical and technical aspects relevant to the use of SMEFTsim and it documents the release of version 3.0. Compared to the previous release, the description of Higgs production via gluon-fusion in the SM has been significantly improved, two flavor assumptions for studies in the top quark sector have been added, and a new feature has been implemented, that enables the treatment of linearized SMEFT corrections to the propagators of unstable particles.SMEFTsim 3.0 is available on the Github website https://SMEFTsim.github.io and on the FeynRules database http://feynrules.irmp.ucl.ac.be/wiki/SMEFT.
Implications of SU(2)L gauge invariance for constraints on Lorentz violation
Authors: Crivellin Andreas , Kirk Fiona , Schreck Marco 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Lorentz invariance may only be broken far above the electroweak scale, since violations are experimentally stringently constrained. Therefore, the Standard-Model Extension parameterizing Lorentz violation (LV) via (higher-dimensional) field theory operators is manifestly SU(2)L gauge-invariant. As a consequence, LV in neutrinos implies LV in charged leptons and vice versa. This allows us to obtain estimated sensitivities for flavour-changing operators in the charged-lepton sector from neutrino oscillations as well as sensitivities for flavour-diagonal neutrino effects from high-precision electron experiments. We also apply this method to an analysis of time-of-flight data for neutrinos (detected by IceCube) and photons from gamma ray bursts where discrepancies have been observed. Our conclusion is that an explanation of the arrival time difference between neutrino and photon events by dim-5 operators in the neutrino sector would lead to unacceptably large LV effects in the charged-lepton sector.