bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping mangrove distribution using remote sensing technology in Harapan, Kelapa and Pamegaran Seribu Islands National Park
Authors: Haikal B F , Susilo S B , Agus S B , Oktavian R Z 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The existence of mangrove ecosystems is increasingly threatened due to the rapid development of tourist destinations and the increasing number of residents in Harapan, Kelapa and Pamegaran island, so that monitoring of mangrove ecosystems is necessary. The purpose of the research is to map the distribution of mangroves using remote sensing technology in Harapan, Kelapa and Pamegaran island. The field survey was conducted on April 1-10, 2021, taking 189 sample points using a hemispherical photography method. The maximum likelihood classification method is used to classify mangrove and non-mangrove vegetation. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is an algorithm used to calculate vegetation indexes from satellite imagery. The Sentinel-2A image was classified into 3 classes of mangrove density, namely dense, moderate, and rare density classes, with the dominant class being the dense class. The total mangrove area on Pamegaran Island in 2015 amounted to 1.81 ha and the total mangrove area in 2021 amounted to 2.97 ha. The area of mangrove distribution in Harapan and Kelapa Island in 2015 amounted to 4.1 ha and in 2021 amounted to 6.56 ha. Mangrove density classification accuracy test using confusion matrix showed an accuracy of 82.95%.
Interdisciplinary approach for qualitatively monitoring coastline dynamics in North Java Coast, Case study: Karawang Regency Indonesia
Authors: Novico F , Siddik D A , Lufiandi  , Albab A , Mulia A , Kusnida D , Komarudin R A , Ranawijaya D , Kamariah I , Endyana C , Bachtiar H , Hendarmawan  
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The coast of north Java is the most rapid development area among other parts of Indonesia. Since the North Java Coast is dominated by mild slope, soft-loose quaternary sediment and provoked by the sea thus the vulnerability of it is the most challenging issue to be assessed. Karawang is the representative area to investigate the scientific reason of coastal dynamics. This study aims to reveal the coastline changing based on RBI (1210-211, 1210-212, 1210-221, 1210-542, 1210-543, 1210-544 and 1210-631) and LPI (1210-04 and 1209-01) maps, hydrodynamics simulation and field measurements associated with abrasion and accretion. The equalizing procedure has been applied for a benchmark of zero coastlines that LPI and RBI data were used to observe the back and forth of coastline changing throughout 2000 and 2018. The results show five districts, Tirtajaya, Pakisjaya, Cilebar, Cibuaya and Pedes have the highest abrasion with an average magnitude of 11.3 m/year, 9.1 m/year, 6.9 m/year, 5.1 m/year and 3.7 m/year respectively within a total 489 ha disappear area. By all integrated analysis data so we can conclude that the dominated monsoonal longshore current is east to west and working on the dominantly terrigenous coastal alluvium and intercalated by carbonatic marine sediment.
Water mass characteristics in the Makassar Strait and Flores Sea in August-September 2015
Authors: Silaban L L , Atmadipoera A S , Hartanto M T , Herlisman  
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Makassar Strait is one of the main entrance points for Indonesian Throughflow (ITF), which carries water from the North Pacific through Flores Sea. ITF has a crucial role as a branch of the thermohaline circulation system in controlling the Indonesian marine ecosystem as well as regional climate variability. This research aims to describe the structure and stratification of water mass and the distribution parameters of chemical physics in the area of Makassar Strait up to Flores Sea at the month of August-September 2015 as much as 8 casts of data CTD is obtained from the result of expedition STOKAS BRKP-KKP using research vessel Baruna Jaya VIII. Research results indicate that the origin of the water mass from the North Pacific is still dominant in the thermocline layer (NPSW) also in the intermediate (NPIW). On average the depth of mixed water layers 60m (± 12.59) with temperature variation between 25.62 – 27.65 C, the average depth of thermocline 130m (±43.65) with temperatures between 18.29 °C – 21.88 °C. Temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen distribution tends to be higher in the northern region. Fluorescence distribution in the south is higher than the northern region due to inputs from the Makassar upwelling.
A Century long of coral records of heavy metals in coastal water of Wakatobi Marine National Park, South East Sulawesi
Authors: Lubis A A , Putra A D P , Sugiharto U , Lalang  , Zamani N P 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Scleractinian corals absorb heavy metals in their skeletons; therefore, corals can be used as environmental recorders due to incorporating certain metals for centuries. The research was conducted in Wakatobi Marine National Park (WMNP) using a core of massive coral Porites Sp. to determine heavy metals’ concentrations and assess the possible impact on the coastal water. The sample was collected by drilling the coral vertically using a pneumatic tool. Annual banding was determined by using x-ray radiography, continued with sub-sampled from each band, and analyzed using an Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES) for heavy metals determination. Enrichment Factor (EF) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were applied for assessing possible impact and differentiating between the heavy metals, respectively. The concentrations of heavy metals fluctuated during the period of the year 1917 to 2016, with the average concentration were 0.55 %, 0.07 %, 2.46 ppm, 3.86 ppm, 5.70 ppm, 63.22 ppm, 0.66 ppm, 3.16 ppm, 0.66 ppm, and 42.59 ppm for Sr, Mg, Mn, Ba, Cu, K, Pb, Zn, Cr, and Al, respectively. EF for all heavy metals showed that the coastal area was at the level of very small pollution (EF<2); therefore, it can be used as baseline data.
Occurrence and distribution of microplastics in the beach sediment of Anday Beach, West Papua (Indonesia)
Authors: Marei I C A , Saleh F I E , Manullang C Y , Soamole A , Rehalat I 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In the last two decades, scientists have extensively studied microplastics (MPs), small plastic pieces less than five millimeters long, which can be harmful to our ocean and aquatic life. The MPs in the environment came from the tiny particles designed for commercial use, such as cosmetics. The other sources come from the breakdown of larger plastic items. In this study, the occurrence and distribution of MPs were investigated in the Anday Beach of West Papua (Indonesia). The sampling was conducted from March to May 2019 on Anday Beach. The abundance of MPs found were 0.28 to 1 n/kg for MPs (1-5 mm) and 1140.6 to 1997.6 n/kg for MPs (< 1 mm). The highest abundance of MPs found on Anday Beach was plastic film. We suggest doing a regular beach clean-up to ensure the continuous assessment of marine litter in the coastal areas and extend the sampling area in Papua to record the plastic pollution status in the Papua.
Melt electro-written scaffolds with box-architecture support orthogonally oriented collagen
Authors: Bosworth Lucy A , Lanaro Matthew , O’Loughlin Danielle A , D’Sa Raechelle A , Woodruff Maria A , Williams Rachel L 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Melt electro-writing (MEW) is a state-of-the-art technique that supports fabrication of 3D, precisely controlled and reproducible fiber structures. A standard MEW scaffold design is a box-structure, where a repeat layer of 90° boxes is produced from a single fiber. In 3D form (i.e. multiple layers), this structure has the potential to mimic orthogonal arrangements of collagen, as observed in the corneal stroma. In this study, we determined the response of human primary corneal stromal cells and their deposited fibrillar collagen (detected using a CNA35 probe) following six weeks in vitro culture on these box-structures made from poly(ϵ-caprolactone) (PCL). Comparison was also made to glass substrates (topography-free) and electrospun PCL fibers (aligned topography). Cell orientation and collagen deposition were non-uniform on glass substrates. Electrospun scaffolds supported an excellent parallel arrangement of cells and deposited collagen to the underlying architecture of aligned fibers, but there was no evidence of bidirectional collagen. In contrast, MEW scaffolds encouraged the formation of a dense, interconnected cellular network and deposited fibrillar collagen layers with a distinct orthogonal-arrangement. Collagen fibrils were particularly dominant through the middle layers of the MEW scaffolds’ total thickness and closer examination revealed these fibrils to be concentrated within the pores’ central regions. With the demand for donor corneas far exceeding the supply—leaving many with visual impairment—the application of MEW as a potential technique to recreate the corneal stroma with spontaneous, bidirectional collagen organization warrants further study.
Preparation of tin coating on the surface of copper-coated carbon fiber and its effect on the microstructures and properties of the composite coating
Authors: Xu Wendong , Li Guanglong , Qu Yingdong , Zhang Wei , Zhou Qiwen , Zhou Shan , Su Ruiming , Li Rongde 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In order to prevent the copper coating on the carbon fiber surface from oxidizing and falling off, the tin coating is plated on the surface of copper-coated carbon fiber. In this paper, the copper-tin composite coating with different thicknesses of tin coatings were successfully prepared by electroless plating. The results show that with the increasing of electroless tin plating time, the thickness of the copper-tin composite coating increases. The test results of the bonding force between the composite coating and the carbon fiber show that the coating bonding force is the best when the thickness of composite coating is between 1.31 μm and 1.55 μm. This is due to the formation of copper-tin intermetallic compounds preventes direct contact between the copper coating and oxygen, which can effectively inhibit the oxidation of the copper plating layer, thereby making the plating layer less likely to fall off. However, the excessively thick tin coating would increase the internal stress of the coating, and promote the generation of cracks on the surface of the composite coating, which would cause the composite coating to fall off. This research will provide new ideas for the preparation of high-performance copper plating on the surface of carbon fiber, and provide an important theoretical and practical basis for the application of copper coatings.
Plasma-assisted ammonia synthesis in a packed-bed dielectric barrier discharge reactor: roles of dielectric constant and thermal conductivity of packing materials
Authors: LIU Jin , ZHU Xinbo , HU Xueli , TU Xin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this article, plasma-assisted NH3 synthesis directly from N2 and H2 over packing materials with different dielectric constants (BaTiO3, TiO2 and SiO2) and thermal conductivities (BeO, AlN and Al2O3) at room temperature and atmospheric pressure is reported. The higher dielectric constant and thermal conductivity of packing material are found to be the key parameters in enhancing the NH3 synthesis performance. The NH3 concentration of 1344 ppm is achieved in the presence of BaTiO3, which is 106% higher than that of SiO2, at the specific input energy (SIE) of 5.4 kJ·l−1. The presence of materials with higher dielectric constant, i.e. BaTiO3 and TiO2 in this work, would contribute to the increase of electron energy and energy injected to plasma, which is conductive to the generation of chemically active species by electron-impact reactions. Therefore, the employment of packing materials with higher dielectric constant has proved to be beneficial for NH3 synthesis. Compared to that of Al2O3, the presence of BeO and AlN yields 31.0% and 16.9% improvement in NH3 concentration, respectively, at the SIE of 5.4 kJ·l−1. The results of IR imaging show that the addition of BeO decreases the surface temperature of the packed region by 20.5% to 70.3°C and results in an extension of entropy increment compared to that of Al2O3, at the SIE of 5.4 kJ·l−1. The results indicate that the presence of materials with higher thermal conductivity is beneficial for NH3 synthesis, which has been confirmed by the lower surface temperature and higher entropy increment of the packed region. In addition, when SIE is higher than the optimal value, further increasing SIE would lead to the decrease of energy efficiency, which would be related to the exacerbation in reverse reaction of NH3 formation reactions.
Qibo: a framework for quantum simulation with hardware acceleration
Authors: Efthymiou Stavros , Ramos-Calderer Sergi , Bravo-Prieto Carlos , Pérez-Salinas Adrián , García-Martín Diego , Garcia-Saez Artur , Latorre José Ignacio , Carrazza Stefano 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We present Qibo, a new open-source software for fast evaluation of quantum circuits and adiabatic evolution which takes full advantage of hardware accelerators. The growing interest in quantum computing and the recent developments of quantum hardware devices motivates the development of new advanced computational tools focused on performance and usage simplicity. In this work we introduce a new quantum simulation framework that enables developers to delegate all complicated aspects of hardware or platform implementation to the library so they can focus on the problem and quantum algorithms at hand. This software is designed from scratch with simulation performance, code simplicity and user friendly interface as target goals. It takes advantage of hardware acceleration such as multi-threading Central Processing Unit (CPU), single Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) and multi-GPU devices.
Establishing optimal friction stir welding parameters for AA2219-T87 Al-alloy using comprehensive RSM and GA approach
Authors: Rajnaveen Boddu , Rambabu Govada , Prakash Kollabothina , Rao Kotipalli Srinivasa 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
AA2219-T87 aluminium alloy has been used in aerospace applications because of its high strength, low density and resistance to corrosion. The copper in the alloy improves the hardness and lowers melting point, which makes two sections easily joined with a process called friction stir welding of aluminium alloy. In the present work, heat-treated AA2219 alloy was butt welded by solid-state friction stir welding process. This work aims to develop a suitable combination of welding parameters for producing defect-free weld joints of AA2219 alloy to improve tensile and corrosion properties. The most influencing control parameter for optimising the friction stir welding responses was determined using sophisticated design of experiments (DOE) techniques. Ultimate tensile strength and corrosion resistance are observed as responses in this study. To achieve the desired weld responses, a three-factor, three-level Box-behneken design was used. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was carried out to examine the interaction effect and significant welding parameter to set the optimal level of welding conditions. Multi-response regression equations have been developed using response surface methodology (RSM) to estimate the output characteristics of weld. The Genetic algorithm (GA) was used to optimise the predicted mathematical model under given optimization constraints. The results shown that the optimum responses are obtained at input factors rotational speed 300 rpm, welding speed 80 mm min−1, and axial force of 10kN.
Spray deposited TiO2thin films for large-area TiO2/p-Si heterojunction solar cells
Authors: Samantaray Manas R , Gautam Prashant Kumar , Ghosh Dhriti S , Chander Nikhil 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCarrier selective contacts (CSC) have the potential to lower the cost of photovoltaic (PV) cells. In the present work p-Si/TiO2heterojunction solar cells have been fabricated using titanium dioxide (TiO2) as an electron-selective layer. Thin uniform anatase TiO2films have been deposited using a commercially viable spray deposition technique over large area Si substrates. With a simple architecture of Al (200 nm fingers)/Al (15 nm thin film)/TiO2/c-Si(p)/Ag (200 nm), a highest conversion efficiency of 1.56% has been achieved for the TiO2carrier selective contact based solar cell with an active area of ∼3.84 cm2. The minority carrier lifetime value of the TiO2coated Si wafer was found to be less than that of the uncoated wafer, indicating the inability of the anatase TiO2layer to provide surface passivation. Suns-VOCmeasurements yielded comparable values of the implied open circuit voltage for both the uncoated and the TiO2coated Si wafers. Spray deposition technique can be used for scalable fabrication of carrier selective contact based heterojunction solar cells.
American Poetry: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Caplan David 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
American Poetry: A Very Short Introduction proposes a new theory of American poetry showing that two characteristics mark the vast, contentious literature. On the one hand, several of its major poets and critics claim that America needs a poetry equal to the country’s own distinctiveness. On the other hand, American poetry welcomes techniques, styles, and traditions that originate from outside the country. Its influences range far beyond America’s borders. The force of these two competing characteristics drives both individual accomplishment and the broader field. The story moves through historical periods and honors the poets’ artistry by paying close attention to the verse forms, meters, and styles they employ. Its examples range from Anne Bradstreet, writing a century before America’s establishment, to the poets of the Black Lives Matter movement. Individual chapters consider how other major figures such as T. S. Eliot, Phillis Wheatley, Walt Whitman, and Emily Dickinson emphasize convention or idiosyncrasy and turn to American English as an important artistic resource.
American English as a poetic resource
Authors: Caplan David 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
“American English as a poetic resource” argues that American English is one of the country’s great poetic resources. It is remarkably adaptable, contested, and diverse. When poets explore American English’s poetic usefulness, the diversity of their approaches and interests demonstrates the language’s flexibility. They use American English to critique and celebrate America and its literary traditions and to create a distinctive literature that also draws from traditions outside it. They mark differences as well as affinities. In some cases, the poetry shows an exuberant appreciation of American English’s peculiarities, its quirks and openness to experimentation and cultural cross-fertilization. Discussed poets include Walt Whitman, Harryette Mullen, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Ezra Pound, and Robert Frost.
Auden and Eliot
Authors: Caplan David 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
“Auden and Eliot” looks at the poetic careers of T. S. Eliot and W. H. Auden, which both trouble the very idea of a national literature. The British-born Auden immigrated to the United States and the American-born Eliot immigrated to England. Both wrote significant poems before and after their moves. An examination of Auden and Eliot’s poetry allows us to consider how these two major poets understood American poetry and their place in it, the resources it gave them, and the limitations that frustrated them. Generations of readers have puzzled over these questions since they involve two major authors and the intersections of individual lives with complex issues of nationhood, including national identity, anxiety, and pride. In short, their work enriches the story of American poetry by complicating it.
Calculating the carbon footprint of a Geriatric Medicine clinic before and after COVID-19
Authors: Bartlett Sarah , Keir Sarah 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
climate change is a health emergency. Central to addressing this is understanding the carbon footprint of our daily life and work, in order to reduce it effectively. The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought about rapid change to clinical practice, most notably in use of virtual clinics and personal protective equipment (PPE).

Aim
to estimate the carbon footprint of a Geriatric Medicine clinic, including the effect of virtual consultation and PPE, in order to inform design of a service that addresses both the health of our patients and our environment.

Method
data from the Greenhouse Gas Protocol, NHS Carbon Footprint Plus and UK Government were used to estimate the carbon emissions per consultation. Values were calculated for virtual and face-to-face contact and applied to actual clinics both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results
the carbon footprint of a face-to-face clinic consultation is 4.82 kgCO2e, most of which is patient travel, followed by staff travel and use of PPE. The footprint of a virtual consultation is 0.99 kgCO2e, most of which is staff travel, followed by data use.
Using our hybrid model for a single session clinic reduced our annual carbon footprint by an estimated 200 kgCO2e, roughly equivalent to a surgical operation.

Discussion
the COVID-19 pandemic has made us deliver services differently. The environmental benefits seen of moving to a partially virtual clinic highlight the importance of thinking beyond reverting to ‘business as usual’—instead deliberately retaining changes, which benefit the current and future health of our community.
Losing grip on the third realm: against naive realism for intuitions
Authors: Luzon Bar , Werner Preston J 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Naive realism in philosophy of perception is the view that (factive) perception involves a direct relation between perceiving subjects and the world. The naive realist says that your perception of a cat on the mat is a worldly relation that is partially constituted by the cat and the mat; a spatio-temporal chunk of the world is presenting itself to you. Recently, Elijah Chudnoff and John Bengson have independently developed an extension of this view to intellectual experiences, or intuitions, for traditionally a priori domains. We argue that this view, which we call ‘intuitional naive realism’ (INR), will not have the epistemic advantages that Chudnoff and Bengson claim that it does. In perception, but not intuition, there is a deeper explanation of what makes it the case that one experience is constituted by the world while another is not. Whether or not INR is true, then, it does no interesting epistemological work for traditionally a priori domains.