bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
System of Consumer Services for Population of Western Section of BAM Construction Areas (1974—1989)
Authors: Baikalov N. S. 
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to the history of the organization of consumer services for the population in the areas of construction of the BAM western section in 1974—1989. The features of the material and technical support of the household service, the problems of staffing, the structure and dynamics of services in cities and townships of builders are considered. It is noted that the network of consumer services enterprises was designed in a temporary version for the period of construction of the main railway. It is shown that the lag in the development of the public services system was caused by the sectoral mechanism of construction management, adjustments to design estimates, and a reduction in funding for civil construction. It is emphasized that, unlike other objects of the social sphere, which received the support of the all-Union ministries, the organization of the welfare service was under the territorial jurisdiction. In consumer services for the population of the construction site, such problems as a lack of production space, materials and components, an insignificant degree of mechanization and automation of labor, and a high staff turnover have been identified. Summing it up, the author comes to the conclusion that attempts to reform the industry in the second half of the 1980s could not significantly increase the efficiency of the household service in connection with the completion of the BAM construction and the simultaneous crisis of the Soviet system.
“To Rewrite All Ranks of People and Newcomers from Russian and Pomor Cities”: Migrations in Tara District at End of 17<sup>th</sup> Century
Authors: Kabakova N. V. 
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the resettlement processes that took place on the territory of the Tara district of the Tobolsk category at the end of the 17th century. The source for the study was the Tara County Sentinel Book of 1701. It is noted that the main participants in the resettlement were service people and peasants, while a significant part of them arrived in Siberia at the call of the authorities, few moved voluntarily. The reasons for migrations, both organized by the state and independent, of a strategic, socio-economic nature, are considered. There are two types of migrations: external, carried out from the European part of the country, and internal, occurring on the territory of the Siberian region. It is shown that the flow of residents and their subsequent redistribution in the region itself caused the emergence of new settlements, contributing to the creation of an area of continuous settlement. Calculations were made of the number of migrants who arrived in the Tara district at the end of the 17th century, and villages were identified in which the largest number of them was considered. It has been established that the most active participants in the migration processes in the Tara district were peasants; a significant proportion of immigrants arrived here in the 1690s. A conclusion is made about the potential of the 1701 Sentinel Book in terms of reconstructing an integral picture of the colonization of Siberia at the end of the 17th century.
Complex Sentence as Sign of Syntactic Complexity, Realized on Basis of Principle of Iconicity (Experience of Researching German Scientific Discourse)
Authors: Burdaeva T. V. , Khalikov M. M. 
Published: September 2021

The question is considered of how, within a separate fragment of intellectual and communicative activity (using the example of modern German-language scientific and technical discourse), the mechanism for implementing the category of syntactic complexity of an utterance based on the principle of iconicity in the processes of linear-structural organization of the text is revealed. It is shown that iconicity is the property of a linguistic sign to correspond to the object it denotes or the real situation it denotes. Insufficient study of iconicity is noted both in terms of theoretical and epistemological, and in the aspect of the variety of conditions, goals and methods of implementing communicative practices. The research material is considered on the basis of a verified model of semiotic analysis in the field of syntax (O. A. Kostrova) in the aspect of discrete and combinatorial implementation of the structural-syntactic, semantic-syntactic and pragmatic-syntactic iconicity of complex sentences in scientific discourse. It has been established that this or that type of iconicity is determined by the stylistic context and the parameter of marking / unmarking. It is proved that in scientific discourse, one elementary complex sentence, characterized by unmarking, can simultaneously include signs of all three types of iconicity. At the same time, it is indicated that, reflecting the real situation, the signs of one or another type of iconicity, realized in a complex sentence, may be lost.
Foreign Policy of Provisional Priamur Government (1921—1922): Process of Formation and Basic Ideological Attitudes
Authors: Popov F. A. , Tsvetkov V. Z. 
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to the foreign policy course of the anti-Bolshevik Provisional Priamurye Government, which controled Primorye in 1921—1922. The source base of the research was the journalism of the pro-government press (the newspapers “Slovo”, “Russian Territory”, “Bulletin of the Provisional Priamurye Government”) and archival materials. Particular attention is paid to the role of the media in substantiating the foreign policy of the Far Eastern non-socialists. It is shown that the official statements of the government (appeals, proclamations, interviews of officials) published in the press contained the foundations of the foreign policy doctrine of the White movement. In addition, it is indicated that anti-Bolshevik publicists regularly responded to foreign policy events and tried to form public opinion through newspaper articles. It is noted that the cornerstone of the program of the Provisional Priamurye Government was the thesis of the antagonism of “Russia” (personified in the white Primorye) and “Sovdepia” — RSFSR (together with the buffer Far Eastern Republic). As an example, illustrating the application of Provisional Priamurye Government ideological attitudes in practice, the sending of a delegation from the white Primorye to the Washington conference at the end of 1921 is given. The preceding press campaign, designed to substantiate the importance of the presence of the anti-Bolshevik delegation in Washington, is highlighted.
Age-Old Path of Russian Terminology
Authors: Alekseeva L. M. , Mishlanova S. L. 
Published: September 2021

An overview of trends in the development of Russian terminology is provided in the article. The issues of the historical roots and stages of development of Russian terminology, the peculiarities of the formation of this science are highlighted, and also the evolution of its main concept “term” is revealed. It is shown that the emergence of terminology as a science correlates with the era of great Russian natural science discoveries, characterized by social challenges. It is noted that one of the prerequisites for the formation of the theory of the term is the Russian philosophical thought of the early twentieth century. An overview of terminological concepts and views is built taking into account the principle of integrity and continuity of the main stages in the development of terminology. The object and subject of terminology in dynamics are shown with an emphasis on the specifics of the development of the term science within the framework of Russian philological science. Particular attention is paid to the description of models of terminological activity in different aspects. It is pointed out that the modern stage of terminology is in the development stage. The main conclusions of the study are formulated and the prospects for the further development of Russian terminology as a science are considered. A long way of development of Russian terminology is presented, demonstrating sufficient grounds for considering it as one of the leading directions of Russian linguistic science.
Land use change detection and prediction using Markov-CA and publishing on the web with platform map server, Case Study: Qom Metropolis, Iran
Authors: Pirnazar Mojtaba , Haghighi Nasrin , Azhand Donya , Ostad-Ali-Askari Kaveh , Eslamian Saeid , R. Dalezios Nicolas , P. Singh Vijay 
Published: September 2021

To achieve sustainable development, detailed planning, control and management of land cover changes that occur naturally or by human caused artificial factors, are essential. Urban managers and planners need a tool that represents them the information accurate, fast and in exact time. In this study, land use changes of 3 periods, 1994-2002, 2002-2009, 2009-2015 and predictions of 2009, 2015 and 2023 were assessed. In this paper, Maximum Likelihood method was used to classify the images, so that after evaluation of accuracy, amount of overall accuracy for images of 2013 was 85.55% and its Kappa coefficient was 80.03%. To predict land use changes, Markov-CA model was used after assessing the accuracy, and the amount of overall accuracy for 2009 was 82.57% and for 2015 was 93.865%. Then web GIS application was designed via map server application and evoked shape files through map file and open layers to browser environment and for design of appearance of website CSS, HTML and JavaScript languages were used. HTML is responsible for creating the foundation and overall structure of webpage but beautifying and layout design on CSS.
The effects of mobile thermal power plants on air quality in Turkey
Authors: Akdemir Andaç , Ergun Osman Nuri 
Published: September 2021

In this study, daily averages of air quality parameters were measured in two stations (S1 and S2) of the organized industrial district in Samsun. The meteorological variables were measured at only one station (S1), such as temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, solar radiation, and ambient pressure in 2007, and the daily promised limit for nitrogen dioxide has been especially exceeded at 206 times for 1st station. However, exceeds of the limit value in 2006 for 1st station was reduced by approximately 3.5 times. The daily nitrogen dioxide concentration did not exceed the daily limit of WHO[1] as for 2nd station. The results obtained showed that under the influence of dominant wind direction, the second station measurement results are higher than that of the first station. To determine all of the possible environmental effects, the measurements should be analyzed from a multi-point perspective.
Genesis of Langrial Iron Ore of Hazara area, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Haider Naghmah , Khan Sajjad , Siddiqui Rehanul Haq , Iqbal Shahid , UI-Haq Nazar 
Published: September 2021

In this paper, a detailed mineralogical and genesis investigation have been carried out in the seven locations of the Iron Ore in Hazara area. Thick bedded iron ore have been observed between Kawagarh Formation and Hangu Formation i.e, Cretaceous-Paleocene boundary. At the base of Hangu Formation, variable thickness of these lateritic beds spread throughout the Hazara and Kohat-Potwar plateau. This hematite ore exists in the form of unconformity. X-ray diffraction technique (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), detailed petroghraphic study and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques indicated that those iron bears minerals including hematite, chamosite and quartz, albite, clinochlore, illite-montmorillonite, kaolinite, calcite, dolomite, whereas ankerite are the impurities present in these beds. The X-ray fluorescence (XRF) results show that the total Fe2O3 ranges from 39 to 56%, with high silica and alumina ratio of less than one. Beneficiation requires for significant increase in ore grade. The petroghraphic study revealed the presence of ooids fragments as nuclei of other ooids with limited clastic supply, which indicate high energy shallow marine depositional setting under warm and humid climate. The overall results show that Langrial Iron Ore is a low-grade iron ore which can be upgraded up to 62% by applying modern mining techniques so as to fulfill steel requirements of the country.
Study the bio-potential parameter for the detection of seismic and environmental changes in Indian region
Authors: Tiwari Rudraksh , Katta Vijay S , Kushwah Vinod Kuumar , Gaur Mulayam Singh , Dimri Priti 
Published: September 2021

The changes the magnetic flux generated (electric, magnetic and electromagnetic waves) on the surface of earth due to sudden changes is a matter of discussion. These emissions occur along the fault line generated due to geological and tectonic processes. When sudden changes occur in the environment due to seismic and atmospheric variations, these sensing was observed by creatures and human bodies because the animals and trees adopt the abnormal signals and change the behavior. We have analyzed the changing behavior of recorded signal by live sensors (i.e., banyan tree). So we use the deep-rooted and long-aged banyan tree. The root of banyan tree (long-aged) has been working as a live sensor to record the geological and environmental changes. We record the low frequency signals propagated through solar-terrestrial environment which directly affect the root system of the banyan tree and changes that have been observed by live sensors. Then, very low frequency (VLF) signal may propagate to the earth-ionosphere waveguide. We have also analyzed the different parameters of live cells which is inbuilt in latex of the tree, so we record the dielectric parameters of green stem latex and found some parameters i.e., dielectric constant (ε) and dielectric loss (ε’) of various trees to verify these natural hazards and found good correlation. Therefore, we can say by regularly monitoring the bio-potential signal and dielectric properties of banyan tree and we are able to find the precursory signature of seismic hazards and environmental changes.
Nuclear medicine staff exposure to ionising radiation in 18F-FDG PET/CT practice: a preliminary retrospective study
Authors: Pavičar Bojan , Davidović Jasna , Petrović Biljana , Vuleta Goran , Trivić Saša , Šajinović Vlatko , Egeljić-Mihailović Nataša , Todorović Nataša , Predojević Branko 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This retrospective study provides an insight into the levels of radiation exposure of six nuclear medicine (NM) staff (four technologists and two nurses) performing routine diagnostic 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) at the University Clinical Centre of the Republic of Srpska, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Thyroid Disorders, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Data analysis included monthly staff exposure measured with personal thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) between June and December 2018, quantified in terms of normalised dose for the whole body [Hp(10)] and dominant hand [Hp(0.07)] and their comparison between each staff member and between the two groups (technologists and nurses). The study goal was to establish how our Department compared with reports from other PET/CT centres worldwide in terms of annual number of procedures and exposure limits and whether there could be room for further improvements in radiation protection. The number of procedures rose considerably from 208 in 2016 to 876 in 2019 and was 423 in the observed seven-month period. Mean individual whole-body exposure dose per GBq of injected 18F-FDG activity, [Hp(10)/A] was 18.55 μSv/GBq for the four technologists and 15.61 μSv/GBq for the two nurses. Mean dominant-hand exposure dose per GBq of injected 18F-FDG activity [Hp(0.07)/A] was 16.99 μSv/GBq and 25.44 μSv/GBq for the two groups, respectively. The average annual cumulative dose for all staff was (1.06±0.29) mSv for Hp(10) and (1.15±0.32) mSv for Hp(0.07). These results are comparable with those of similar studies. Staff doses were well below the annual limits. Nurses received slightly higher extremity doses than technologists. In view of the increasing trends in the number of PET/CT procedures, dose monitoring should be continued to identify exposure hotspots and maintain doses as low as possible.
Epigenetic toxicity and cytotoxicity of perfluorooctanoic acid and its effects on gene expression in embryonic mouse hypothalamus cells
Authors: Kim Hun , Hong Min-Wook , Bae Yun-ho , Lee Sung-Jin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Even though the endocrine-disrupting potential of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is well known, the mechanisms underlying its cellular and epigenetic toxicity at the critical stage of hypothalamic development are poorly understood. This is why we studied its effects on the embryonic mouse hypothalamic cell line N46 (mHypoE-N46) with a hope to shed more light on the mechanisms through which PFOA causes embryonic hypothalamic cell damage. To do that, we studied cell viability, global DNA methylation, and gene expression in cells exposed to PFOA. As the PFOA dose increased, cell viability decreased, while global DNA methylation increased. PFOA also significantly altered the expression of genes related to the apoptosis and cell cycle, neurotrophic genes, and the Tet, Dnmt, and Mecp2 genes. Our findings suggest that exposure to PFOA affects cell survival through the reprogramming of embryonic hypothalamic DNA methylation patterns and altering cell homeostasis genes. DNA methylation and changes in the Mecp2 gene expression induced by PFOA also imply wider ramifications, as they alter genes of other major mechanisms of the embryonic hypothalamus. Our study may therefore serve as a good starting point for further research into the mechanisms of PFOA effect of hypothalamic development.
Acute bronchiolitis: Why put an IV line?
Authors: Redant Sébastien , Nehar-Stern Nora , Honoré Patrick M. , Attou Rachid , Haggenmacher Caroline , Tolwani Ashita , De Bels David , Biarent Dominique 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Acute bronchiolitis is the most frequent cause of respiratory distress in pediatric emergency medicine. The risk of respiratory failure is frequently over evaluated, and results in systematic vascular access.

Methods
We conducted a prospective observational study in children under 18 months of age hospitalized for bronchiolitis. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether catheter insertion was useful for management. We monitored the number of catheters inserted in the emergency department and their subsequent use for rapid sequence intubation, adrenaline administration, or antimicrobial therapy. We recorded the number of secondary pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) admissions.

Results
We followed 162 patients and compared two populations, children with (population A, n = 35) and without (population B, n = 127) catheter insertion. There were no significant differences in age, oxygen saturation, heart rate, c-reactive protein, neutrophil count and the number of times nebulization was conducted at admission. Population A compared to B had a significantly higher temperature (38.1 ± 0.9 vs. 37.6 ± 0.7°C, P = 0.004) and respiratory rate (64 ±13 vs. 59 ±17, P = 0.033). Twelve patients were secondarily transferred to pediatric ICU, 3 from population A and 9 from B (NS). In a multivariate analysis, no significant relationship was found between ICU admission, venous access placement and potential confounding factors (pneumonia, age < 6 months, age < 3 months, food intake < 60%, temperature > 38° C, heart rate > 180 bpm, respiratory rate > 60/min, SpO2 < 95%, Spo2 < 90%, oxygen therapy, positive respiratory syncytial virus [RSV] sampling). Except for antimicrobial therapy (n = 32), catheters inserted in the emergency department were used in 5 patients for intravenous rehydration and in one patient in pediatric ICU for rapid sequence intubation.

Conclusions
There were no life-threatening events that required immediate venous access for cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Medical treatment could be administered orally or via nasogastric tube in most cases. Peripheral catheterization was useless in immediate emergency management and only one child required a differed rapid sequence intubation.
The prognostic value of Krebs von den Lungen-6 and surfactant protein-A levels in the patients with interstitial lung disease
Authors: Zheng Peiyan , Zheng Xiaomao , Takehiro Hasegawa , Cheng Zhangkai Jason , Wang Jingxian , Xue Mingshan , Lin Quanming , Huang Zhifeng , Huang Huimin , Liao Chenxi , Sun Baoqing 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background and Objectives
The highly variable clinical course of interstitial lung disease (ILD) makes it difficult to predict patient prognosis. Serum surfactant protein-A (SP-A) and Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) are known prognostic biomarkers. However, the clinical or pathophysiological differences in patients with these biomarkers have not been well evaluated. We investigated the clinical and pathophysiological differences through the comparison of SP-A and KL-6 levels before and after treatment.

Methods
This study included retrospective data from 91 patients who were treated for ILD between August 2015 and September 2019. Serum SP-A and KL-6 levels were measured before and after treatment. The patients were followed up for 3 months.

Results
Changes in the serum biomarkers (Delta SP-A and Delta KL-6) were found to be significantly correlated (rs = 0.523, P < 0.001); Delta SP-A and Delta KL-6 were inversely correlated with changes in pulmonary function (% predicted values of diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide [DLCO], forced vital capacity [FVC], and forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV1]). Patients were divided into four groups based on their Delta SP-A and Delta KL-6 levels in a cluster analysis (G1, G2, G3, and G4). Both SP-A and KL-6 were elevated in the G1 group, with all the patients enrolled classified as progressive or unchanged, and 86.4% of patients showed improved disease activity in the G4 group, where both SP-A and KL-6 levels were reduced. In the G2 group, only SP-A levels decreased post-treatment, indicating an improvement in respiratory function; the patients were not at the end stage of the disease. Only the SP-A levels increased in the G3 group with immunosuppressive treatment.

Conclusions
Reduced serum SP-A and/or KL-6 levels are associated with improved lung function in patients with ILD. Some patients only showed a decrease in SP-A levels could prognosis an improvement in respiratory function. When only SP-A is increased, it may imply that the patients are at an early stage of disease progression. As a result, for proper disease monitoring, measuring both markers is important.