bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negotiating Refugee Deservingness at Europe’s Southern Frontier: Masculinity and Race in Sicilian Asylum Centres
Authors: Palillo Marco 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBy drawing on qualitative interviews with Sub-Saharan African international protection holders/seekers, conducted in Sicily in 2016/2017, the article investigates how hierarchies of deservingness reactivated by the refugee ‘crisis’ discourse are reproduced in small communities where all-male refugee centres are located and what the effects of these are on day-to-day interactions between refugees and Sicilians in the locale. In particular, I argue that gender hierarchies reproduced by the refugee regime intersect with racist and patriarchal structures outside the centre, resulting in the placement of refugee men at the bottom of any hierarchy of deservingness in the locale. This frames specific ways in which all-male refugee centres are interpreted as enclaves of Othered masculinities due to their assumed bogusness. Thus, participants’ masculinity emerges as a key site for locally negotiating boundaries of inclusion/exclusion between black and white communities—both inside and outside the centre.
Management and positive outcome of skull-base ossifying fibroma: a case report
Authors: El Akroud Sofia , Dokponou Yao Christian Hugues , El Mostarchid Mamoune , Chahdi Hafsa , El Asri Abad Cherif , Gazzaz Miloudi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The ossifying fibroma is a benign fibro-osseous tumor rarely affecting the skull base. The incidence of ossifying fibroma itself is uncommon. It is considered to be an aggressive and fast-growing bone lesion. Early detection and complete surgical removal are essential to deal with its aggressive nature and recurrence. We report a case of a 20-year-old man admitted for the management of ossifying fibroma of the orbital roof extending inside the orbit mimicking meningioma and revealed by a progressive proptosis and headache. The patient underwent surgery for the subtotal removal of the tumor with its frontal infiltration with a good outcome. All meningiomas like tumors are not meningiomas and other tumors such as ossifying fibroma might be mistaken for meningioma and even get confirmation from the pathological anatomy study. Need be for these tumors to be looked at more closely for better therapeutic decision-making.
Clinical Characteristics and Resistance Patterns of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated From Combat Casualties
Authors: Ford Mary B , Mende Katrin , Kaiser Susan J , Beckius Miriam L , Lu Dan , Stam Jason , Li Ping , Stewart Laveta , Tribble David R , Blyth Dana M 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative infections complicate care of combat casualties. We describe the clinical characteristics, resistance patterns, and outcomes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in combat casualties.

Methods
Combat casualties included in the Trauma Infectious Disease Outcomes Study with infections with and without P. aeruginosa isolation during initial hospitalization were compared. Pseudomonas aeruginosa from initial wound, blood, and serial isolates (≥7 days from previous isolate) collected from June 2009 through February 2014 was subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and whole genome sequencing for assessing clonality. Multidrug resistance was determined using the CDC National Healthcare Safety Network definition.

Results
Of 829 combat casualties with infections diagnosed during initial hospitalization, 143 (17%) had P. aeruginosa isolated. Those with P. aeruginosa were more severely injured (median Injury Severity Score 33 [interquartile range (IQR) 27-45] vs 30 [IQR 18.5-42]; P &lt; .001), had longer hospitalizations (median 58.5 [IQR 43-95] vs 38 [IQR 26-56] days; P &lt; .001), and higher mortality (6.9% vs 1.5%; P &lt; .001) than those with other organisms. Thirty-nine patients had serial P. aeruginosa isolation (median 2 subsequent isolates; IQR: 1-5), with decreasing antimicrobial susceptibility. Ten percent of P. aeruginosa isolates were MDR, associated with prior exposure to antipseudomonal antibiotics (P = .002), with amikacin and colistin remaining the most effective antimicrobials. Novel antimicrobials targeting MDR Gram-negative organisms were also examined, and 100% of the MDR P. aeruginosa isolates were resistant to imipenem/relabactam, while ceftazidime/avibactam and ceftolozane/tazobactam were active against 35% and 56% of the isolates, respectively. We identified two previously unrecognized P. aeruginosa outbreaks involving 13 patients.

Conclusions
Pseudomonas aeruginosa continues to be a major cause of morbidity, affecting severely injured combat casualties, with emergent antimicrobial resistance upon serial isolation. Among MDR P. aeruginosa, active antimicrobials remain the oldest and most toxic. Despite ongoing efforts, outbreaks are still noted, reinforcing the crucial role of antimicrobial stewardship and infection control.
A model for the formation of stellar associations and clusters from giant molecular clouds
Authors: Grudić Michael Y , Diederik Kruijssen J M , Faucher-Giguère Claude-André , Hopkins Philip F , Ma Xiangcheng , Quataert Eliot , Boylan-Kolchin Michael 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a large suite of magnetohydrodynamic simulations of turbulent, star-forming giant molecular clouds (GMCs) with stellar feedback, extending previous work by simulating 10 different random realizations for each point in the parameter space of cloud mass and size. It is found that once the clouds disperse due to stellar feedback, both self-gravitating star clusters and unbound stars generally remain, which arise from the same underlying continuum of substructured stellar density, i.e. the hierarchical cluster formation scenario. The fraction of stars that are born within gravitationally bound star clusters is related to the overall cloud star formation efficiency set by stellar feedback, but has significant scatter due to stochastic variations in the small-scale details of the star-forming gas flow. We use our numerical results to calibrate a model for mapping the bulk properties (mass, size, and metallicity) of self-gravitating GMCs on to the star cluster populations they form, expressed statistically in terms of cloud-level distributions. Synthesizing cluster catalogues from an observed GMC catalogue in M83, we find that this model predicts initial star cluster masses and sizes that are in good agreement with observations, using only standard IMF and stellar evolution models as inputs for feedback. Within our model, the ratio of the strength of gravity to stellar feedback is the key parameter setting the masses of star clusters, and of the various feedback channels direct stellar radiation (photon momentum and photoionization) is the most important on GMC scales.
Clusters’ far-reaching influence on narrow-angle tail radio galaxies
Authors: de Vos K , Hatch N A , Merrifield M R , Mingo B 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
In order to study the ram-pressure interaction between radio galaxies and the intracluster medium, we analyse a sample of 208 highly bent narrow-angle tail radio sources (NATs) in clusters, detected by the Low-Frequency Array Two-metre Sky Survey. For NATs within $7R_{500}$ of the cluster centre, we find that their tails are distributed anisotropically with a strong tendency to be bent radially away from the cluster, which suggests that they are predominantly on radially inbound orbits. Within $0.5R_{500}$, we also observe an excess of NATs with their jets bent towards the cluster core, indicating that these outbound sources fade away soon after passing pericentre. For the subset of NATs with spectroscopic redshifts, we find the radial bias in the jet angles exists even out to $10R_{500}$, far beyond the virial radius. The presence of NATs at such large radii implies that significant deceleration of the accompanying inflowing intergalactic medium must be occurring there to create the ram pressure that bends the jets, and potentially even triggers the radio source.
Recognition of single-stranded nucleic acids by small-molecule splicing modulators
Authors: Tang Zhichao , Akhter Sana , Ramprasad Ankita , Wang Xiao , Reibarkh Mikhail , Wang Jinan , Aryal Sadikshya , Thota Srinivas S , Zhao Junxing , Douglas Justin T , Gao Philip , Holmstrom Erik D , Miao Yinglong , Wang Jingxin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRisdiplam is the first approved small-molecule splicing modulator for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Previous studies demonstrated that risdiplam analogues have two separate binding sites in exon 7 of the SMN2 pre-mRNA: (i) the 5′-splice site and (ii) an upstream purine (GA)-rich binding site. Importantly, the sequence of this GA-rich binding site significantly enhanced the potency of risdiplam analogues. In this report, we unambiguously determined that a known risdiplam analogue, SMN-C2, binds to single-stranded GA-rich RNA in a sequence-specific manner. The minimum required binding sequence for SMN-C2 was identified as GAAGGAAGG. We performed all-atom simulations using a robust Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (GaMD) method, which captured spontaneous binding of a risdiplam analogue to the target nucleic acids. We uncovered, for the first time, a ligand-binding pocket formed by two sequential GAAG loop-like structures. The simulation findings were highly consistent with experimental data obtained from saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR and structure-affinity-relationship studies of the risdiplam analogues. Together, these studies illuminate us to understand the molecular basis of single-stranded purine-rich RNA recognition by small-molecule splicing modulators with an unprecedented binding mode.
Outcome of Debridement, Antibiotics, and Implant Retention for Staphylococcal Hip and Knee Prosthetic Joint Infections, Focused on Rifampicin Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Scheper H , Gerritsen L M , Pijls B G , Van Asten S A , Visser L G , De Boer M G J 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The treatment of staphylococcal prosthetic joint infection (PJI) with debridement, antibiotics, and retention of the implant (DAIR) often results in failure. An important evidence gap concerns the treatment with rifampicin for PJI. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to assess the outcome of staphylococcal hip and/or knee PJI after DAIR, focused on the role of rifampicin. Studies published until September 2, 2020 were included. Success rates were stratified for type of joint and type of micro-organism. Sixty-four studies were included. The pooled risk ratio for rifampicin effectiveness was 1.10 (95% confidence interval, 1.00–1.22). The pooled success rate was 69% for Staphylococcus aureus hip PJI, 54% for S aureus knee PJI, 83% for coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) hip PJI, and 73% for CNS knee PJI. Success rates for MRSA PJI (58%) were similar to MSSA PJI (60%). The meta-analysis indicates that rifampicin may only prevent a small fraction of all treatment failures.
Time to Save Time: Beneficial Effects of Blood Flow Restriction Training and the Need to Quantify the Time Potentially Saved by Its Application During Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation
Authors: Bielitzki Robert , Behrendt Tom , Behrens Martin , Schega Lutz 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe main goal of musculoskeletal rehabilitation is to achieve the pre-injury and/or pre-surgery physical function level with a low risk of re-injury. Blood flow restriction (BFR) training is a promising alternative to conventional therapy approaches during musculoskeletal rehabilitation because various studies support its beneficial effects on muscle mass, strength, aerobic capacity, and pain perception. In this perspective article, we used an evidence-based progressive model of a rehabilitative program that integrated BFR in 4 rehabilitation phases: (1) passive BFR, (2) BFR combined with aerobic training, (3) BFR combined with low-load resistance training, and (4) BFR combined with low-load resistance training and traditional high-load resistance training. Considering the current research, we propose that a BFR-assisted rehabilitation has the potential to shorten the time course of therapy to reach the stage where the patient is able to tolerate resistance training with high loads. The information and arguments presented are intended to stimulate future research, which compares the time to achieve rehabilitative milestones and their physiological bases in each stage of the musculoskeletal rehabilitation process. This requires the quantification of BFR training-induced adaptations (eg, muscle mass, strength, capillary-to-muscle-area ratio, hypoalgesia, molecular changes) and the associated changes in performance with a high measurement frequency (≤1 week) to test our hypothesis. This information will help to quantify the time saved by BFR-assisted musculoskeletal rehabilitation. This is of particular importance for patients, because the potentially accelerated recovery of physical functioning would allow them to return to their work and/or social life earlier. Furthermore, other stakeholders in the health care system (eg, physicians, nurses, physical therapists, insurance companies) might benefit from that with regard to work and financial burden.
Associations between everyday discrimination and sleep quality and duration among African-Americans over time in the Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Johnson Dayna A , Lewis Tené T , Guo Na , Jackson Chandra L , Sims Mario , Wilson James G , Diez Roux Ana V , Williams David R , Redline Susan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Study Objectives
African-Americans have a high burden of poor sleep, yet, psychosocial determinants (e.g. discrimination) are understudied. We investigated longitudinal associations between everyday discrimination and sleep quality and duration among African-Americans (N = 3404) in the Jackson Heart Study.

Methods
At Exam 1 (2000–2004) and Exam 3 (2008–2013), participants completed the Everyday Discrimination Scale, rated their sleep quality (1 = poor to 5 = excellent), and self-reported hours of sleep. A subset of participants (N = 762) underwent 7-day actigraphy to objectively measure sleep duration and sleep quality (Sleep Exam 2012–2016). Changes in discrimination were defined as low stable (reference), increasing, decreasing, and high stable. Within-person changes in sleep from Exam 1 to Exam 3 were regressed on change in discrimination from Exam 1 to Exam 3 while adjusting for age, sex, education, income, employment, physical activity, smoking, body mass index, social support, and stress.

Results
At Exam 1, the mean age was 54.1 (12.0) years; 64% were female, mean sleep quality was 3.0 (1.1) and 54% were short sleepers. The distribution of the discrimination change trajectories were 54.1% low stable, 13.5% increasing, 14.6% decreasing, and 17.7% were high stable. Participants who were in the increasing (vs. low stable) discrimination group had greater decrease in sleep quality. There was no association between change in discrimination and change in sleep duration. Among Sleep Exam participants, higher discrimination was cross-sectionally associated with shorter self-reported sleep duration, independent of stress.

Conclusion
Discrimination is a unique stressor for African-Americans; thus, future research should identify interventions to reduce the burden of discrimination on sleep quality.
An on-line capacitor state identification method based on improved RLS
Authors: Cheng Shu , Liu Chang , Xue Shengxian , Wang Maoyu , Wu Xun , Luo Yu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
As an essential part of DC-Link in the power converter, capacitor plays a crucial role in absorbing ripple current and suppressing ripple voltage. The health and residual service life of the DC-Link capacitor is one of the decisive factors for the safety, stability, and efficiency of the system in which it is located. Aiming at the shortcomings of existing methods, such as low dynamic sensitivity of data update and fluctuation of identification results, a capacitor state identification method based on improved RLS is proposed in this paper. The proposed method is optimized by introducing the forgetting factor algorithm and root means square algorithm to modify the iterative formula and final identification results. Compared with existing methods, this method can identify the capacitor's current state in real time and accurately. Finally, we successfully verified the accuracy, robustness, and adaptability of the proposed method by a series of experimental tests on a dSPACE platform.
Delirium in Older Patients after Combined Epidural–General Anesthesia or General Anesthesia for Major Surgery: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Li Ya-Wei , Li Huai-Jin , Li Hui-Juan , Zhao Bin-Jiang , Guo Xiang-Yang , Feng Yi , Zuo Ming-Zhang , Yu Yong-Pei , Kong Hao , Zhao Yi , Huang Da , Deng Chun-Mei , Hu Xiao-Yun , Liu Peng-Fei , Li Yan , An Hai-Yan , Zhang Hong-Ye , Wang Mei-Rong , Wu Yang-Feng , Wang Dong-Xin , Sessler Daniel I. ,   for the Peking University Clinical Research Program Study Group
Published: July 2021

Background
Delirium is a common and serious postoperative complication, especially in the elderly. Epidural anesthesia may reduce delirium by improving analgesia, reducing opioid consumption, and blunting stress response to surgery. This trial therefore tested the hypothesis that combined epidural–general anesthesia reduces the incidence of postoperative delirium in elderly patients recovering from major noncardiac surgery.

Methods
Patients aged 60 to 90 yr scheduled for major noncardiac thoracic or abdominal surgeries expected to last 2 h or more were enrolled. Participants were randomized 1:1 to either combined epidural–general anesthesia with postoperative epidural analgesia or general anesthesia with postoperative intravenous analgesia. The primary outcome was the incidence of delirium, which was assessed with the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit twice daily during the initial 7 postoperative days.

Results
Between November 2011 and May 2015, 1,802 patients were randomized to combined epidural–general anesthesia (n = 901) or general anesthesia alone (n = 901). Among these, 1,720 patients (mean age, 70 yr; 35% women) completed the study and were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. Delirium was significantly less common in the combined epidural–general anesthesia group (15 [1.8%] of 857 patients) than in the general anesthesia group (43 [5.0%] of 863 patients; relative risk, 0.351; 95% CI, 0.197 to 0.627; P < 0.001; number needed to treat 31). Intraoperative hypotension (systolic blood pressure less than 80 mmHg) was more common in patients assigned to epidural anesthesia (421 [49%] vs. 288 [33%]; relative risk, 1.47, 95% CI, 1.31 to 1.65; P < 0.001), and more epidural patients were given vasopressors (495 [58%] vs. 387 [45%]; relative risk, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.17 to 1.41; P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Older patients randomized to combined epidural-general anesthesia for major thoracic and abdominal surgeries had one third as much delirium but 50% more hypotension. Clinicians should consider combining epidural and general anesthesia in patients at risk of postoperative delirium, and avoiding the combination in patients at risk of hypotension.

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Pectoral Nerve Blocks for Breast Augmentation Surgery: A Randomized, Double-blind, Dual-centered Controlled Trial
Authors: Aarab Yassir , Ramin Severin , Odonnat Thomas , Garnier Océane , Boissin Audrey , Molinari Nicolas , Marin Grégory , Perrigault Pierre-Francois , Cuvillon Philippe , Chanques Gérald 
Published: July 2021

Background
Pectoral nerve blocks have been proposed for analgesia during and after breast cancer surgery, but data are conflicted in aesthetic breast surgery. This trial tested the primary hypothesis that adding a preincisional pectoral nerve block is superior to systemic multimodal analgesic regimen alone for pain control after breast augmentation surgery. A second hypothesis is that rescue opioid consumption would be decreased with a long-lasting effect for both outcomes during the following days.

Methods
Seventy-three adult female patients undergoing aesthetic breast augmentation surgery under general anesthesia were randomly allocated to receive a pectoral nerve block versus no block. Both groups received standard care with protocolized multimodal analgesia alone including systematic acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The primary outcome measure was the maximal numerical rating scale in the first 6 h after extubation. Secondary outcomes included intraoperative remifentanil consumption and from extubation to day 5: maximal numerical rating scale, postoperative cumulative opioid consumption and postoperative opioid side effects, and patient satisfaction recorded at day 5.

Results
The maximal numerical rating scale score in the first 6 h was lower in the pectoral nerve block group compared with the control group (3.9 ± 2.5 vs. 5.2 ± 2.2; difference: –1.2 [95% CI, –2.3 to –0.1]; P = 0.036). The pectoral nerve block group had a lower maximal numerical rating scale between days 1 and 5 (2.2 ± 1.9 vs. 3.2 ± 1.7; P = 0.032). The cumulative amount of overall opioids consumption (oral morphine equivalent) was lower for the pectoral nerve block group from hour 6 to day 1 (0.0 [0.0 to 21.0] vs. 21.0 [0.0 to 31.5] mg, P = 0.006) and from days 1 to 5 (0.0 [0.0 to 21.0] vs. 21.0 [0.0 to 51] mg, P = 0.002).

Conclusions
Pectoral nerve block in conjunction with multimodal analgesia provides effective perioperative pain relief after aesthetic breast surgery and is associated with reduced opioid consumption over the first 5 postoperative days.

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A rat model to investigate quality of recovery after abdominal surgery
Authors: Cata Juan P. , Patiño Miguel , Lacagnina Michael J. , Li Jiahe , Gorur Aysegul , Agudelo-Jimenez Ruben , Wei Bo , Hagberg Carin A. , Dougherty Patrick M. , Shureiqi Imad , Yang Peiying , Grace Peter M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
Major advances in therapies to optimize recovery after surgery have been limited by the lack of an animal model that can mimic major domains of postoperative sickness behavior in humans. We hypothesized that the integration of commonly impaired domains of quality of recovery in humans could be reproduced in a rat model.

Objectives:
To create a rat model that can mimic surgical recovery in humans.

Methods:
Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the development of a quality of recovery score after surgery. Six physiological parameters or behaviors were tested in naive, sham, and laparotomized animals. A quality of recovery score was constructed and ranged from 18 (no impairment) to 0 (gross impairment). We treated animals with a nutraceutical intervention consisting of aspirin and eicosapentaenoic acid. Inflammatory markers and specialized proresolving mediators were measured in serum and the intestinal mucosa of rats, respectively.

Results:
We observed a significant reduction in quality of recovery scores on postoperative days 1 (median, interquartile: 6 [4.75–8.25] vs naive rats: 17.5 [15.5–18]), 2 (median, interquartile: 13 [11.25–13.25], P < 0.001 vs naive rats: 17 [17–18], P = 0.001), and 3 (median, interquartile: 14.5 [13.5–16] vs naive rats: 17 [15.75–18], P < 0.02). Surgery promoted a significant increase in the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines, but it reduced levels of interleukin-12p70 and macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Lipoxin B4 and 13-HODE were significantly higher in laparotomized rats. Aspirin + eicosapentaenoic acid substantially improved recovery scores and modulated the postsurgical inflammatory response.

Conclusion:
Our novel rat model can be used to study mechanisms governing surgical recovery in rats.