bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emerging role of PARP‐1 and PARthanatos in ischemic stroke
Authors: Liu Shuiqiao , Luo Weibo , Wang Yingfei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCell death is a key feature of neurological diseases, including stroke and neurodegenerative disorders. Studies in a variety of ischemic/hypoxic mouse models demonstrate that poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP‐1)‐dependent cell death, also named PARthanatos, plays a pivotal role in ischemic neuronal cell death and disease progress. PARthanatos has its unique triggers, processors, and executors that convey a highly orchestrated and programmed signaling cascade. In addition to its role in gene transcription, DNA damage repair, and energy homeostasis through PARylation of its various targets, PARP‐1 activation in neuron and glia attributes to brain damage following ischemia/reperfusion. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of PARP‐1 reduces infarct volume, eliminates inflammation, and improves recovery of neurological functions in stroke. Here, we reviewed the role of PARP‐1 and PARthanatos in stroke and their therapeutic potential.
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Hyaluronidase: What is your fear?
Authors: Bravo Bruna Souza Felix , Bianco Stephanie , Bastos Julien Totti de , Carvalho Raquel de Melo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aesthetic treatment based on fillers with hyaluronic acid presents an increasing demand in the present day because it is considered a safe and minimally invasive procedure. In the management of adverse effects or more severe complications of hyaluronic acid‐based fillers, hyaluronidase is the treatment of choice.AimsTo demonstrate efficacy in reversibility and safety in the treatment of HA complications.Patients/MethodsIt is a retrospective study article that reports the use of hyaluronidase in the main undesirable effects of fillers in 114 patients in a private dermatological clinic from 2015 to 2018.ResultsThe target of the application was 51 cases of overcorrection (45%), 50 cases of Tyndall effect (44%), and 13 late nodules (11%). When we evaluated the areas where HYAL was injected, we found that the area with the most indication of the application of the product was the eyelid region (58 injections).ConclusionThis study concluded that HYAL is a safe and effective drug in the management of mild adverse events of HA applications with no severe side effects in our protocol of use.
Family support and quality of community mental health care: Perspectives from families living with mental illness
Authors: Aass Lisbeth Kjelsrud , Moen Øyfrid Larsen , Skundberg‐Kletthagen Hege , Lundqvist Lars‐Olov , Schröder Agneta 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAim and objectivesDescribe patients’ and family members’ perceptions of family support from nurses and other mental healthcare professionals, and quality of care in community mental healthcare service. Further, compare the perceptions of patients and family members.BackgroundWhile patients value family involvement, family members feel unprepared and lack the necessary skills to be supportive. Since healthcare professionals predominantly focus on patients, they may fail to understand the complex needs of families. Family perceived support and quality of community mental health care may vary across patients and family members.Design and methodsCross‐sectional study with patients suffering from mental illness and family members in community mental healthcare services in Norway. Altogether 86 participants, of whom 33 patients and 33 family members had a family relationship—paired samples. Participants filled in the translated version of the Iceland Family Perceived Support Questionnaire (FPSQ‐N) and Quality in Psychiatric Care—Community Out‐Patient (QPC‐COP) and Community Out‐Patient Next of Kin (QPC‐COPNK). STROBE checklist was used.ResultsFamily members scored family perceived support and quality of community mental health care lower than patients. Family members feel the loss of support. Patient and family members found the Patient—healthcare professionals’ relationship to be of high quality, while family members gave low score to being respected and invited to take part in care by nurses and other mental healthcare professionals.ConclusionFamily members’ unmet need of support highlights the need for nurses and other community mental healthcare professionals to assess complex family needs and to intervene. Barriers to collaboration exist, and family members need to be respected and invited into community mental health care.Relevance to clinical practiceContributes knowledge of how to meet the family’s needs and provides a basis for further care and treatment development in similar contexts nationally and internationally.
Does exercise prevent major non‐communicable diseases and premature mortality? A critical review based on results from randomized controlled trials
Authors: Ballin Marcel , Nordström Peter 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObservational studies show that physical activity is strongly associated with a reduced risk of premature mortality and major non‐communicable diseases. We reviewed to which extent these associations have been confirmed in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for the outcomes of mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and fracture. The results show that exercise does not reduce all‐cause mortality and incident CVD in older adults or in people with chronic conditions, based on RCTs comprising ∼50,000 participants. The results also indicate a lack of effect on cardiovascular mortality in people with chronic conditions, based on RCTs comprising ∼11,000 participants. Furthermore, there is inconsistent evidence regarding the effect of exercise on fractures in older adults, based on RCTs comprising ∼40,000 participants. Finally, based on RCTs comprising ∼17,000 participants, exercise reduces T2D incidence in people with prediabetes when combined with dietary modification, although evidence for the individual effect of exercise is lacking. Identified shortcomings of the current evidence include risks of publication bias, lack of high‐quality studies in certain high‐risk populations, and inconstant evidence with respect to some outcomes. Thus, additional large trials would be of value, especially with fracture as the primary outcome. In conclusion, according to current RCT evidence, exercise can prevent T2D assuming it is combined with dietary intervention. However, the current evidence shows that exercise does not prevent premature mortality or CVD, with inconsistent evidence for fractures.
Neural processing of personal, relational, and collective self‐worth reflected individual differences of self‐esteem
Authors: Zeng Mei , Li Jiwen , Wang Chong , Deng Chijun , Li Rong , Chen Huafu , Yang Juan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionSelf‐esteem stems from an individual's attributes (PSE), relationships with important others (RSE), and collective membership (CSE). Our study aimed to identify neurological indicators in the processing of personal, relational, and collective self‐worth, and to investigate whether these neural indicators could reflect individual differences of self‐esteem.MethodsFifty students underwent the evaluation of personal, relational, and collective self‐worth using a self‐referential paradigm while brain activities were recorded using functional‐magnetic‐resonance‐imaging. Meanwhile, their PSE, RSE, and CSE were measured through questionnaires.ResultsConjunction analysis found self‐worth processing recruited the precuneus, posterior cingulate cortex, and posterior insula. Multivariate pattern analysis showed compared to relational and collective self‐worth, personal self‐worth processing was distinguished by cortical‐midline‐structures and affective‐related regions, including caudate and putamen, and that these neural patterns could reflect individual differences of PSE. Compared to personal self‐worth, relational self‐worth was distinguished by the neural activity of temporoparietal‐junction, and this neural pattern reflected individual differences of RSE. Compared to relational self‐worth, collective self‐worth was distinguished by neural activity of the anterior insula, and this neural pattern reflected individual differences of CSE.DiscussionThese results suggested the neurological indicators of self‐worth can be recognized as an alternative way to reflect individual differences of self‐esteem.
Language analysis of spontaneous descriptions of restless legs syndrome: Gender differences?
Authors: Holzknecht Evi , Domahs Frank , Brandauer Elisabeth , Bergmann Melanie , Zengin Tugba , Delazer Margarete , Hochleitner Margarethe , Högl Birgit , Stefani Ambra 
Published: July 2021

SummaryPatients with restless legs syndrome (RLS) use various terms when describing their symptoms. Whether gender might influence this has not been investigated so far. The aim of this study was to evaluate possible gender differences in spontaneous descriptions of RLS symptoms. This prospective study, conducted in 100 consecutive German‐speaking RLS patients, used a single standardized question. Answers were digitally recorded and transcribed. A content‐related linguistic analysis of the transcripts was performed by two independent blinded raters. The lengths of the answers and content‐related linguistic features were compared between women and men. Ninety‐eight patients were included in the final analysis, 59 women (60.2%) and 39 men (39.8%), with a median age of 62 (23–94) and 63 (31–82) years, respectively (p = 0.602). Demographic and clinical features, including educational level and RLS treatment class, did not differ between genders (p > 0.05). Total word or sentence count showed no gender differences (p = 0.159 and 0.259, respectively), although men used more words per sentence than women (p = 0.018). More men than women described quiescegenic (i.e., triggered by rest or inactivity) symptoms (p = 0.006) and successful attempts at relief (p = 0.039). There was a non‐significant trend toward a more frequent use of the first‐person perspective in men (median times used = 5 [0–10.5] vs. 3.8 [0–17.5], p = 0.068). The more frequent mention of quiescegenic symptoms and successful attempts at relief in men could indicate differences in phenotypic presentation of RLS between genders, a more precise description of RLS symptoms or a higher experience of self‐efficacy in men compared to women.
Do non‐maternal adult female household members influence child nutrition? Empirical evidence from Ethiopia
Authors: Usman Muhammed Abdella , Kornher Lukas , Sakketa Tekalign Gutu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractChild malnutrition is an enormous public health problem in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). In this paper, we study the relationship between non‐maternal adult female household members (AFHMs) and under‐5 child nutritional outcomes using nationally representative Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data, 2016. Because most of the primary inputs that go into the production of child health are intensive in maternal time, having additional AFHMs may ease the time constraints of the child's mother. We use anthropometric measures such as height‐for‐age z‐scores (HAZ) and weight‐for‐age z‐scores (WAZ) to measure stunting and underweight, respectively, as objective indicators of child nutritional status. Among our sampled households, we find that 40% of the children are stunted, 18% severely stunted, 27% underweight and 8% severely underweight. Furthermore, about 20% of the sampled children live with at least one extra non‐maternal AFHM. The multivariate regression results suggest that an additional AFHM is associated with significantly higher HAZ and WAZ scores and less likelihood of severe stunting compared with children living with fewer AFHMs. Finally, the paper discusses the potential pathways through which non‐maternal AFHMs can influence child nutritional status.
Engaging fathers to improve complementary feeding is acceptable and feasible in the Lake Zone, Tanzania
Authors: Martin Stephanie L. , Matare Cynthia R. , Kayanda Rosemary A. , Owoputi Ibukun , Kazoba Aidan , Bezner Kerr Rachel , Nnally Luitfrid , Khan Maliha , Locklear Kamryn H. , Dearden Kirk A. , Dickin Katherine L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn Tanzania, suboptimal complementary feeding practices contribute to high stunting rates. Fathers influence complementary feeding practices, and effective strategies are needed to engage them. The objectives of this research were to examine the acceptability and feasibility of (1) tailored complementary feeding recommendations and (2) engaging fathers in complementary feeding. We conducted trials of improved practices with 50 mothers and 40 fathers with children 6–18 months. At visit 1, mothers reported current feeding practices and fathers participated in focus group discussions. At visit 2, mothers and fathers received individual, tailored counselling and chose new practices to try. After 2 weeks, at visit 3, parents were interviewed individually about their experiences. Interview transcripts were analysed thematically. The most frequent feeding issues at visit 1 were the need to thicken porridge, increase dietary diversity, replace sugary snacks and drinks and feed responsively. After counselling, most mothers agreed to try practices to improve diets and fathers agreed to provide informational and instrumental support for complementary feeding, but few agreed to try feeding the child. At follow‐up, mothers reported improved child feeding and confirmed fathers' reports of increased involvement. Most fathers purchased or provided funds for recommended foods; some helped with domestic tasks or fed children. Many participants reported improved spousal communication and cooperation. Families were able to practice recommendations to feed family foods, but high food costs and seasonal unavailability were challenges. It was feasible and acceptable to engage fathers in complementary feeding, but additional strategies are needed to address economic and environmental barriers.
Engaging family members in maternal, infant and young child nutrition activities in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A systematic scoping review
Authors: Martin Stephanie L. , McCann Juliet K. , Gascoigne Emily , Allotey Diana , Fundira Dadirai , Dickin Katherine L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe influence of fathers, grandmothers and other family members on maternal, infant and young child nutrition practices has been well documented for decades, yet many social and behavioural interventions continue to reach only mothers. While recent guidelines recommend involving fathers, grandmothers and other family members in maternal and child nutrition, we lack a comprehensive review of interventions that have engaged them. This scoping review aimed to address this gap by describing social and behavioural interventions to engage family members in maternal and child nutrition in low‐ and middle‐income countries. We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Global Health and CINAHL for peer‐reviewed studies meeting inclusion criteria. We screened 6,570 abstracts, evaluated 179 full‐text articles, and included 87 articles from 63 studies. Studies reported a broad range of approaches to engage fathers, grandmothers and other family members to support maternal nutrition (n = 6); breastfeeding (n = 32); complementary feeding (n = 6) and multiple maternal and child nutrition practices (n = 19). Interventions were facility and community based; included individual and group‐based interpersonal communication, community mobilization, mass media and mHealth; and reached mothers and family members together or separately. Most interventions were located within the health sector; rare exceptions included nutrition‐sensitive agriculture, social protection, early child development and community development interventions. Few interventions addressed gender norms, decision‐making, and family dynamics or described formative research or theories informing intervention design. These diverse studies can shed light on innovative programme approaches to increase family support for maternal and child nutrition.
Introduction: A family systems approach to promote maternal, child and adolescent nutrition
Authors: Aubel Judi , Martin Stephanie L. , Cunningham Kenda 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn all cultures, women and children are embedded infamily systemsthat determine roles, relationships, patterns of communication and authority between family members. Especially in non‐western societies, maternal and child nutrition practices are determined not only by the biological parents but also by other influential family members. Most maternal and child nutrition research and interventions do not consider the constellation of family roles and influence on women and children and continue to focus on the mother–child dyad and individual knowledge, attitudes and practices. There is growing agreement on the need to adopt an ecological framework to address public health issues, including those dealing with maternal and child nutrition. This special issue presents examples of research from a variety of settings that employed an ecological, family systems approach either to investigate maternal, child or adolescent nutrition issues or to design interventions that engaged various actors within family settings. These 11 articles contribute to a growing body of evidence supporting the relevance of a wider family systems perspective for nutrition research and interventions. Key themes across studies include the limitations of using a nuclear family model for research and intervention design, the need for formative research that comprehensively explores family systems, increasing recognition of the extensive involvement and support provided by grandmothers, and the importance of engaging men in culturally appropriate ways based on community dialogue and women's perspectives. Future maternal and child nutrition research and interventions can be strengthened by systems thinking that acknowledges that individuals are situated within family and community systems.
Moral hinges and steadfastness
Authors: Ranalli Chris 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEpistemic rationality seems to permit a more steadfast response to disagreements over our fundamental convictions than it does for our ordinary beliefs. Why is this? This essay explores three answers to this question: web‐of‐belief conservatism, moral encroachment, and hinge theories, and argues that hinge theories do a better job than the alternatives at vindicating the intuition that there is a rationally permissible asymmetry in our responses to disagreements over ordinary beliefs and fundamental convictions. The essay also shows how hinge theorists can explain the existence of moral hinge propositions, which enables them to account for the rational permissibility of being steadfast in response to disagreements over fundamental moral convictions.
Meaning of a textbook: Religious education, National Islam, and the politics of reform in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Ozgen Zeynep , El Shishtawy Hassan Sharif Ibrahim 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe organisation and content of Islamic education have been an object of Western scrutiny based on claims linking religious education to radicalism. Many Arab Gulf states have responded to such allegations with significant overhauls of their religious curricula. This article focuses on the politics of education reform in the United Arab Emirates. A detailed coding and analysis of 1500 pages of Islamic education textbooks reveal that religious education is a deeply politicised field. However, it promotes loyalty rather than radicalism. The reformed curriculum is used as a pedagogic tool by the state to advance national interpretations of Islam in support of domestic and international policy objectives, such as strengthening national identity against sub‐national loyalties, securing political legitimacy, pacifying opposition, rebranding the state's international image, and spurring economic development. This article advances the existing scholarship by bringing in the international dimension of domestic education reform and the precise mechanisms that we call emulation and generalisation through which Islamic knowledge becomes functionalised for the state's nationalist goals.
Does the Alt‐Right still matter? An examination of Alt‐Right influence between 2016 and 2018
Authors: Thompson Jack , Hawley George 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we use panel data from the 2016 and 2017 waves of the Voter Study and the 2018 American National Election Studies (ANES) Pilot, to better understand the relative influence of the Alt‐Right on mainstream US politics in the Trump era. Given the degree of formal alignment between Trump and a number of key voices within the movement, we first examine the strength of the association between affect for the Alt‐Right and support for Republican Party between 2016 and 2018. We also examine relative levels of affect for the Alt‐Right among Whites between this period, tracking a number of important changes. We find that, while affect for the Alt‐Right was strongly associated with support for Republican candidates such as Trump in the 2016 election cycle, we find a somewhat weaker relationship between affect for the Alt‐Right and White support for Trump and down ballot Republican candidates in 2018. We also find that, after rising between 2016 and 2017, levels of affect for Alt‐Right appear to have declined by 2018. The results are therefore reflective of exponential rise of the Alt‐Right during the 2016 election and the movement's subsequent implosion after the 2017 ‘United the Right’, rally in Charlottesville, VA.
Active deprescribing program in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing haemodialysis
Authors: George Jyothi Susan , Joseph Rajesh , Thomas E. T. Arun , John Geo Philip , Siby Anu , Nair Midhun M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundDeprescribing is gaining attention of medical community to address polypharmacy. Existing deprescribing tools were not validated in haemodialysis population. We designed this study to assess the pill burden of patients undergoing haemodialysis and to measure the outcome after implementation of an active deprescribing program.MethodsAn evidence based deprescription tool was formulated. All patients who were on dialysis for 3 months or more were eligible to participate. Medication reconciliation followed by medication list evaluation for appropriateness was done for all patients. All inappropriate medications were discontinued followed by monitoring for 6 months for complications. Primary outcome was the average number of medications and pills per patient before and 12 weeks after implementation of deprescribing program.ResultsWe enrolled 150 patients to the active deprescribing program. Mean age was 60.4 ± 10.9 years. After deprescription, there were significant reduction in the number of medications from 11 (Interquartile range 8–13.25) to 8 (IQR 6–9) (p < .001) and reduction in the number of pills from 16 (IQR 12.75–21.25) to 11 (IQR 8–14.25) (p < .001). Pill burden accessed using Living with Medication Questionnaire‐Visual Analogue Scale score also had a significant reduction from 7 (IQR 5–8) to 4 (IQR 3–5) (p < .001).ConclusionPolypharmacy is a significant problem in haemodialysis patients, which can lead to poor quality of life and health hazards due to side effects of medications. Implementation of a proactive deprescribing program can cut down polypharmacy to a significant extent.