bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exhaust emissions of buses LNG and Diesel in RDE tests
Authors: Gis Maciej , Pielecha Jacek , Gis Wojciech 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The article compares the exhaust emissions in road conditions of city buses: LNG and Diesel. Both buses met the Euro VI exhaust emission norm. The current strong drive to diversify fuels in Poland and the creation of a large gas port in Świnoujście for LNG imports creates an excellent opportunity to use this fuel, also in road transport. Therefore, the attempt to identify the emission in operation, in first place possible applications, i.e. an LNG bus, comparatively with the emission of a Diesel bus. The operational research carried out concerned such a bus and has not yet been carried out in the country, hence their innovation, also methodological. The conducted research, in particular, was aimed at verifying differences in exhaust emissions of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides. The study was carried out on one urban bus route performing trips on consecutive days in similar environmental conditions. The performed tests were not strictly type approval tests but only used for comparative purposes. Hence, it was necessary to determine the compliance factor for the relevant exhaust gas substances, with the use of an evaluation algorithm based on measurement windows. Based on these results, the assumption regarding compliance with the emission requirements for the tested buses was verified in real traffic conditions. The exhaust emission values (emission indicators) determined in this way did not exceed the permissible emission limit values for carbon monoxide, while for nitrogen oxides and non-methane hydrocarbons certain exceedances were found.
Evaluation of spermicidal activity of saponosides from Saponaria officinalis / Caryophyllaceae, Glycyrrhizia glabra / Fabaceae and Herniaria glabra / Caryophyllaceae
Authors: Sefrioui Mohamed Réda , Sbai El Othmani Ibrahim , Filali Halima , Derfoufi Sanae , Derraji Soufiane , Benmoussa Adnane , Ait Haj Said Amal 
Published: February 2021

Background and objective. Chemical spermicides currently marketed and widely used are known to have many side effects. Thereby, and in order to look for more tolerated natural spermicidal agents, the aim of this work was to evaluate the spermicidal potential of saponin extracts from the roots of Saponaria officinalis / Caryophyllaceae, Glycyrrhizia glabra / Fabaceae, and Herniaria glabra / Caryophyllaceae by studying their in vitro effects on sperm mobility and vitality.
Methods. Methanolic saponin extracts from the plants roots were performed. Sperm suspensions were prepared by centrifugation on a PureSperm® density gradient (70 and 45%) and incubated with various concentrations of saponin extracts (50, 250, 500 and 750 mg/mL) at 37°C. The spermicidal activity was evaluated by studying the mobility and vitality of spermatozoa at different time intervals ranging from 10 to 240 minutes.
Results. A dose and time dependent effect on sperm mobility and vitality was observed for our extracts.
Extracts from Saponaria officinalis roots induced an irreversible immobilization and a total non-viability of sperm within 10 minutes at a concentration of 750 mg/mL. A similar effect was observed within 30 minutes at 750 mg/mL for Herniaria glabra extract and within 90 minutes at 500 mg/ml for Glycyrrhizia glabra extract.
Conclusion. The results of our study showed that the saponin extracts of our plants roots possess potent in vitro dose and time dependant spermicidal effect. These natural products could therefore represent a safer and better tolerated alternative to chemical spermicides.
ДАВНЬОРУСЬКІ БУДІВЕЛЬНІ МАТЕРІАЛИ У ПОХОВАЛЬНИХ КОМПЛЕКСАХ XVII–XIX ст. НЕКРОПОЛЯ СПАСА НА БЕРЕСТОВІ (ЗА МАТЕРІАЛАМИ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ 2018–2019 рр.)
Authors: Махота Олена 
Published: February 2021

У статті розглянуто процес використання давньоруських будівельних матеріалів у поховальних конструкціях доби Модерну на некрополі церкви Спаса на Берестові. Визначено основні періоди дослідження Спаського некрополя від 1914 до 2019 рр.
За науковими звітами та публікаціями 1914–2003 рр. зібрано дані про поховання ХIІ–ХІХ ст., що містили давньоруські будівельні матеріали: плінфу та плити пірофілітового сланцю. Основну увагу зосереджено на інформації, отриманій авторкою статті під час науково-рятівних досліджень у 2018–2019 рр., де було зафіксовано дев’ять поховань (XVII–XIX ст.) із частковим або повним огороджуванням небіжчика давньоруськими будівельними матеріалами. На сьогодні будівельні матеріали давньоруського періоду на території Спаського некрополя трапляються у вигляді частини поховальної конструкції, додаткових елементів у облаштуванні могили та у заповненні поховальних споруд. Зібраний та опрацьований комплекс матеріалів надає додаткові дані для реконструкції історичних подій, пов’язаних із занепадом та відбудовою церкви. Фіксування подібних поховальних конструкції, своєю чергою, також надає непрямі дані про традиції поховального обряду мешканців Печерського містечка та військових Київської фортеці у XVII–XIX ст. – прихожан церкви Спаса на Берестові.
ДАВНЬОРУСЬКІ КАМЕРНІ ГРОБНИЦІ ТА ЇХ НАСЛІДУВАННЯ НА ТЕРИТОРІЇ ДНІПРОВСЬКОГО ПРАВОБЕЖЕЖЖЯ: ШЛЯХИ ЕВОЛЮЦІЇ ЕЛІТАРНОГО ПОХОВАЛЬНОГО ОБРЯДУ
Authors: Бібіков Дмитро 
Published: February 2021

Статтю присвячено специфічній категорії давньоруських поховальних пам’яток Х–ХІ ст. Вони поєднують у собі риси як елітарних камерних гробниць доби вікінгів, так і рядових християнських захоронень початку ІІ тис. н. е. Запропоновано об’єднати такі поховання під терміном «квазікамери», або «камери-наслідування». Виділено чотири їх типи: 1) камери з гробовищами; 2) наземні камери; 3) «земляні» камери з дерев’яним перекриттям, проте без обкладки стін; 4) «великі могильні ями» без дерев’яних конструкцій. У статті вперше проаналізовано конструктивно-обрядові риси кожного з цих типів, визначено їхні особливості.
Вочевидь, зведення класичних камерних гробниць на південноруських теренах припинилося разом із початком християнізації. Однак повністю відмовитись від цієї традиції давньоруська еліта змогла не одразу, що дістало відображення у появі камер-наслідувань. Абсолютна більшість із них усередині стаціонарних дерев’яних конструкцій містить рухоме гробовище. Цей факт суперечить основній ідеї класичних камерних гробниць як «будинків померлих2 і свідчить як мінімум про суттєвий вплив християнського віровчення. Поширення квазікамер на території Волині, безперечно, треба пов’язувати з державницькою діяльністю Володимира Святославича, що могла супроводжуватись притоком населення («ліпших мужів») із Середнього Подніпров’я. За складом поховального інвентарю та аналогіями з суміжних територій їх датують у межах кінця Х – першої половини ХІ ст.
Комплексний аналіз конструктивних особливостей і поховального інвентарю камер-наслідувань не дає змоги однозначно пов’язати їх із представниками давньоруської еліти. В межах цього регіону розглядувані пам’ятки не завжди є прямим продовженням лінії розвитку класичних камерних гробниць, а лише імітують соціально престижні обрядові елементи останніх.
Mercedes Rein y su obra de traductora. Aproximación a una antología de traducción inédita
Authors: Hornos- Weisz Leticia 
Published: February 2021

El presente trabajo aborda la obra de traductora de la uruguaya Mercedes Rein (1931-2006) a través de una lectura que jerarquiza el relieve temporal de su figura (Delisle, 2018) y la arista histórica de la mediación traductiva. En primer lugar, el artículo se concentra en su intervención intelectual como integrante de la generación de la crisis (Rama, 1972) y el diálogo que su obra entabla con las prácticas instauradas por otros agentes culturales del campo vernáculo. Sobre esta base se prioriza el análisis del proceso de gestación de una antología de traducción (Frank, 2001) de poesía en lengua alemana, compilada por Rein al inicio e su trayectoria. Por tratarse de material inédito y sin catalogar, se describen las principales oscilaciones cronológicas identificadas en la dinámica de los borradores, así como otras particularidades del aparato paratextual. Por último, el artículo no puede soslayar una serie de colaboraciones críticas que Rein publica en el semanario Marcha y que representan, hasta el momento, el único acceso édito a la antología. El espacio de enunciación configurado por esas reseñas pone en diálogo la práctica traductora con la crítica literaria y los procesos de recepción de la poesía en lengua alemana, al tiempo que deja ver elementos específicos de la experiencia traductiva.
Magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of non-tumorous multifocal brain lesions mimicking multiple sclerosis
Authors: Krotenkova I. A. , Bryukhov V. V. , Konovalov R. N. , Zakharova M. N. , Krotenkova M. V. 
Published: February 2021

The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is quite challenging due to its variable clinical manifestations and lack of a definitive test. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the tools to confirm the diagnosis and also helps in differential diagnosis with other disorders and in exclusion of MS-mimicking diseases. In this article, based on the analysis of clinical cases, we discuss the differential diagnosis of MS with the following non-tumorous multifocal brain lesions: vascular abnormalities caused by hypoxia and ischemia, cerebral autosomal dominant angiopathy with subcortical infarctions and leukoencephalopathy, Susac syndrome, primary angiitis of the central nervous system, and neurosarcoidosis. We present both MRI criteria for MS and disorders that have similar MRI signs, and additional clinical and laboratory data that is essential for correct diagnosis.
Comparative Antibiotic and Probiotic Effects on Antimicrobial Sensitivity of Escherichia coli Isolates and Performance of Broiler Chickens
Authors: Ogbu Cosmas Chikezie , Ibeneme Nwabueze 
Published: February 2021

The study evaluated the growth performance, haematology, serum biochemistry, intestinal microbial count, and antimicrobial resistance profile of Escherichia coli (E. coli) from broiler chicks fed diets supplemented with antibiotics (neomycin, and oxytetracycline), and probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). One hundred and twenty Abor acre broiler chicks randomly alloted to four treatment groups (30 birds/group; 10 birds/replicate) were used in the 49 days study. Group one (G 1, control) were fed basal diet while G 2, 3, and 4 received basal diet containing S. cerevisiae (0.80g/kg; 108cfu/g), neomycin (0.50g/kg) and oxytetracycline (0.30g/kg), respectively. Results showed significant treatment effects on body weight, feed intake, linear body values, some haematological indices, intestinal, caecal and combined caecal and intestinal bacteria counts, diameter of E. coli inhibition zone, and mortality. Body weight and feed intake were significantly higher in the supplemented groups. Intestinal bacterial count was highest in neomycin and control groups (5.29 ± 0.01 and 5.22 ± 0.02 Log10 cfu/ml, respectively) while S. cerevisiae and neomycin groups yielded the highest caecal, and combined caecal and intestinal bacterial counts. Eimeria Oocyst count did not differ significantly between groups. Escherichia coli from antibiotic fed groups had reduced sensitivity or were resistant to the antibiotics. It was concluded that subtherapeutic use of antibiotics as growth promoters in broiler chickens caused the development of antibiotic resistance, and therefore, should be avoided.
Sensory, Physicochemical and Antioxidants Evaluation of Kecombrang (Etlingera elatior) Preservative Powder with Foam-mat Drying Method for Beef Meatballs Products
Authors: Naufalin Rifda , Wuryatmo Erminawati , Wicaksono Rumpoko , Islami Laila Sausan El 
Published: February 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of the type and concentration of preservative powder with foam-mat drying method to produce optimal beef meatballs products seen from the chemical, sensory, and antioxidant evaluation. This study used an experimental method with a randomized block design with the factors being studied were the type of powder of kecombrang plant parts, namely flowers and stems with the concentrations used, namely 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3%. Physicochemical analysis was performed on moisture content, pH, and total protein hydrolyzed (Formol test). The sensory evaluation was carried out by 25 trained people using the descriptive and hedonic testing methods on a scale of 1-5 (very dislike to very much like). Meanwhile, the best treatment from the results of physicochemical and sensory evaluation was analyzed of bioactive compounds (antioxidants) was carried out on total flavonoids and total phenols. The results showed that the best treatment combination was the type of flower preservative with a concentration of 2% which had characteristics with an average moisture content of 57.19 ± 5.71%, pH 7.1 ± 0.21, hydrolyzed protein content (Formol) 1.40 ± 0.35%, whitish-gray color (2.72 ± 1.40), scents of meat and kecombrang (3.64 ± 0.49), slightly chewy texture (3.52 ± 0.65), flavored with meat and kecombrang (3.68 ± 0.75), is rather preferenced by panelists (3.12 ± 0.97), and results of antioxidants evaluation were total flavonoids 2.42 mg QE / 100 mg, total phenolic 179.53 mg QE / 100 mg. The concentration of kecombrang flower and stems powder suitable for adding to beef meatballss is seen from the physicochemical and sensory evaluation up to 2%.
Mapping the Trends in Esophageal Cancer Disease Burden in the United States: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Authors: Lu Di , Zhai jianxue , Zhan Jintao , Liu Xiguang , Dong Xiaoying , Feng Siyang , Mai Shijie , Jiang Jianjun , Wang Zhizhi , Ji Xiuyu , Li Mei , Wu Hua , Cai Kaican 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Esophageal cancer is the 10th leading cancer in US but given limited research attention. This study aimed to investigate the esophageal cancer disease burden more comprehensively in US. Methods: Having retrieved states-categorized data on esophageal cancer incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years from the Global Burden of Disease study online resource, the current trends on esophageal cancer disease burden attributed to different risk factors and their relationship with economic status were analyzed using age-standardized rate and the estimated annual percentage change.Results: In US, the esophageal cancer age-standardized rate of incidence has been stable but age-standardized rates of mortality and disability-adjusted life years trended to decreased with estimated annual percentage changes of -0.237% and -0.471% from 1990 to 2017. Age-standardized rate of incidence was higher in males than in females, but both didn’t increase, so as age-standardized rates of mortality and disability-adjusted life years. The largest increase in age-standardized rates of incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years was observed in Oklahoma, whereas the largest decrease was seen in the District of Columbia. Age-standardized rates of mortality and disability-adjusted life years contributed to high BMI or diet low in fruits were growing. per capita disposable personal income trended to negatively correlated with estimated annual percentage changes of incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years.Conclusions: The esophageal cancer disease burden in US decreased from 1990 to 2017 but was heavier in males than in females, and increased in economically weaker states and populations with high BMI and low-fruit diet.
A Research Protocol on Leap Motion Tracking Device: A Novel Intervention Method for Distal Radial Fracture Rehabilitation
Authors: Arora Sakshi P. , Naqvi Waqar M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Physiotherapeutic rehabilitation is used to optimize functional recovery following a distal radial fracture. Being the most common upper limb fracture in all age groups, the DRF peaks in young men and in post-menopausal women with an incidence ratio of 1:4. To date, however, work on leap motion control based rehabilitation of patients with distal radius fracture is limited. This research aims to assess the efficacy of immersive virtual reality in patients with DRF. Methods: In an experimental study, subjects (n = 40) with DRF will be recruited. The participants will be enrolled into either an experimental or control group with 1:1 allocation ratio. Following the primary assessment and allocation, the participants in the experimental group will receive both leap motion control and conventional therapy over a period of 6-week. Participants in the conventional group would undergo only conventional therapy. Throughout the treatment duration and following 6 weeks, daily living activity performance, the hand function and mental status will be assessed in the form of questionnaires.Discussion: The goal of this experimental study is to examine the impact of leap motion control after DRF on improving the functional activity and in turn quality of life. Conclusion: To conclude, this research seeks to examine the rapid and long term effects of leap motion control in DRF patients. The study findings would help prospective patients with DRF, which may include a newly designed approach to rehabilitation.
A Deep Learning Based Method for Forecasting Gold Price with Respect to Pandemics
Authors: Khani Mahtab Mohtasham , Vahidnia Sahand , Abbasi Alireza 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The spread of COVID-19 in the world had a devastating impact on the world economy, trade relations, and globalization. As the pandemic advances and new potential pandemics are on the horizon, a precise analysis of recent fluctuations of trade becomes necessary for international decisions and controlling the world in a similar crisis. The COVID-19 pandemic made a new pattern of trade in the world and affected how businesses work and trade with each other. It means that every potential pandemic or any unprecedented event in the world can change the market rules. This research develops a novel model to have a proper estimation of the stock market values with respect to the COVID-19 dataset using long short-term memory networks (LSTM).The nature of the features in each pandemic is completely different, thus, prediction results for a pandemic by a specific model cannot be applied to other pandemics. Hence, recognizing and extracting the features which affect the pandemic is the highest priority. In this study, we develop a framework, providing a better understanding of the features and feature selection. Although the global impacts incurred by COVID-19 are complicated, here we are trying to show how additional features like COVID-19 rather than the history of tickers, which is used conventionally for prediction, cab help forecasting in a real-world scenario. This study is based on a preliminary analysis of such features for enhancing forecasting models' performance against fluctuations in the market.Our forecasts are based on the market value data and COVID-19 pandemic daily time-series data (i.e. the number of new cases). In this study, we selected Gold price as a base for our forecasting task which can be replaced by any other markets. We have applied Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) LSTM, Vector Output Sequence LSTM, Bidirectional LSTM, and Encoder-Decoder LSTM on our dataset, and our results achieved an MSE of 6.0e-4, 8.0e-4, and 2.0e-3 on the validation set respectfully for one day, two days, and 30 days predictions in advance which are outperforming other proposed method in the literature.
A qualitative study of local perspectives on problem drinking in Peruvian Andean highlands: control, power, and responsibility
Authors: Yamaguchi Sakiko , Lencucha Raphael , Brown Thomas Gordon 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background Alcohol control has garnered attention from the global health community in recent years. This attention is partly prompted by increasing exposure of nefarious alcohol industry practices, coupled with the recognition that many governments have not yet put in place alcohol control policies, leaving populations vulnerable to industry influence. The Peruvian Andean highland has seen the change of the Andean practice of collective drinking in response to the increased availability of alcohol and the experience of political violence. This study seeks to merge the broader political economy with local experience and culture in order to provide a deeper understanding of the dynamic between global processes and local realities.Methods We conducted focus group interviews (n=19) with community participants, teachers, and health workers, and key informant interviews (n=28). Thematic analysis identified patterns of individual and collective meaning and social, political and economic factors. Results Local perspectives regarding loss of control over alcohol highlight the complex patterns of power and meaning exerted and experienced by different actors, shaping both understanding and behaviour. Participants’ focus on parents’ lack of control over alcohol use by some “abandoned” children reflects the structural vulnerability of some Andean families struggling with economic hardships. Another focus was on the money spent by men to engage in problem drinking. Participants interpreted alcohol consumption in this context as a way that men demonstrate their masculine identity and symbolic power as the breadwinner who controls the household economy. The third focus is superimposed onto the market economy. Participants expressed that the expansion of the alcohol market and perceived absence of government control coupled with macroeconomic conditions shaped patterns of alcohol consumption.Conclusion Participants’ perspectives illustrate how problem drinking is shaped not simply by an individual drinker’s lack of self-control but also shaped by an environment that enables the unrestrained marketing of alcohol products and the creation of a culture of consumption. Harmful consumption is mediated by the reshaping of the Andean cultural practice of collective drinking. Attending to local perspectives is essential for policies and interventions that connect structural dynamics with the cultural and experiential aspects of alcohol consumption.
Spatial Multiomics Analysis Identifies SOCS1 as a Key Immune Checkpoint in T cell Tolerance Induction of HSCT
Authors: Li Ruifeng , Guo Huidong , Wang Ming , Hou Yingping , Liu Shuoshuo , Peng Ting , Zhao Xiangyu , Lu Liming , Han Yali , Shao Yiming , Chang Ying-Jun , Li Cheng , Huang Xiao-Jun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Achieving T cell tolerance ensures superior clinical outcomes in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, the in vivo T cell tolerance profiles in physiological state need to be further delineated. Here, we characterized the gene expression profile in tolerant T cells which was induced in healthy donors by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, a stem cell mobilizer extensively used in HSCT. We identified suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) as an essential immune checkpoint for T cell tolerance in the mouse models and primary T cells in the HSCT context. Further spatial multiomics analysis characterized the distinct three-dimensional genome architecture and the gene regulatory network in tolerant T cells. We found STAT3 competes with CTCF and mediates the formation of a new chromatin loop between the SOCS1 promoter and upstream super enhancers during the induction of T cell tolerance. This study identifies SOCS1 as a key immune checkpoint and potential immune target for improving outcome of patients with HSCT.