bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial variability of nitrate pollution and its sources in a hilly basin of the Yangtze River based on clustering
Authors: Cui Yuhuan , Wang Jie , Hao Shuang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNitrate (NO3−) pollution is a serious global problem, and the quantitative analysis of its sources contributions is essential for devising effective water-related environmental-protection policies. The Shengjin Lake basin, located in the middle to lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China was selected as the research area in our study. We first grouped 29 surface water samples and 33 groundwater samples using cluster analysis, and then analyzed potential nitrate sources for each dataset of δ15N–NO3− and δ18O–NO3− isotope values by applying a Bayesian isotope-mixing model. Our results show that the nitrogen pollution in the surface-ground water in the study area seriously exceeded to class V of the Environmental Quality Standard of Surface Water of China. The NO3− in surface water from the mid-upper reaches of the drainage basin mainly originates from soil nitrogen (SN) and chemical fertilizer (CF), with contribution rates of 48% and 32%, respectively, and the NO3− in downstream areas mainly originates from CF and manure and sewage (MS), with contribution rates of 48% and 33%, respectively. For the groundwater samples, NO3− mainly originates from MS, CF, and SN in the mid-upper reaches of the drainage basin and the northside of Dadukou near the Yangtze River, with contribution rates of 34%, 31%, and 29%, respectively, whereas NO3− in the lower reaches and the middle part of Dadukou mainly originates from MS, with a contribution rate of 83%. The nitrogen conversion of surface water in lakes and in the mid-upper reaches is mainly affected by water mixing, while the groundwater and surface water in the lower plains are mainly affected by denitrification. The method proposed in this study can expand the ideas for tracking nitrate pollution in areas with complex terrain, and the relevant conclusions can provide a theoretical basis for surface and groundwater pollution control in the hilly basin of Yangtze River.
Dietary carbohydrates interact with AMY1 polymorphisms to influence the incidence of type 2 diabetes in Korean adults
Authors: Shin Dayeon , Lee Kyung Won 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe relationship betweenAMY1single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), dietary carbohydrates, and the risk of type 2 diabetes is unclear. We aimed to evaluate this association using an ongoing large-scale prospective study, namely the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. We selected six genetic variants ofthe AMY1gene: rs10881197, rs4244372, rs6696797, rs1566154, rs1930212, and rs1999478. Baseline dietary data were obtained using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Type 2 diabetes was defined according to the criteria of the World Health Organization and American Diabetes Association. During an average follow-up period of 12 years (651,780 person-years), 1082 out of 4552 (23.8%) patients had type 2 diabetes. ThreeAMY1SNPs were significantly associated with diabetes incidence among patients with carbohydrate intake > 65% of total energy: rs6696797, rs4244372, and rs10881197. In multivariable Cox models, Korean women with the rs6696797 AG or AA genotype had 28% higher incidence of type 2 diabetes (hazard ratio 1.28, 95% confidence interval 1.06–1.55) than Korean women with the rs6696797 GG genotype. We did not observe significant associations betweenAMY1SNPs, dietary carbohydrates, and diabetes incidence in Korean men. We conclude thatAMY1genetic variants and dietary carbohydrate intake influence the incidence of type 2 diabetes in Korean women only. Korean women who are minor carriers of theAMY1rs6696797, rs4244372, and rs10881197 genotypes may benefit from a low-carbohydrate diet to prevent the future risk of type 2 diabetes.
Late Pleistocene human paleoecology in the highland savanna ecosystem of mainland Southeast Asia
Authors: Suraprasit Kantapon , Shoocongdej Rasmi , Chintakanon Kanoknart , Bocherens Hervé 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe late Pleistocene settlement of highland settings in mainland Southeast Asia by Homo sapiens has challenged our species’s ability to occupy mountainous landscapes that acted as physical barriers to the expansion into lower-latitude Sunda islands during sea-level lowstands. Tham Lod Rockshelter in highland Pang Mapha (northwestern Thailand), dated between 34,000 and 12,000 years ago, has yielded evidence of Hoabinhian lithic assemblages and natural resource use by hunter-gatherer societies. To understand the process of early settlements of highland areas, we measured stable carbon and oxygen isotope compositions of Tham Lod human and faunal tooth enamel. Our assessment of the stable carbon isotope results suggests long-term opportunistic behavior among hunter-gatherers in foraging on a variety of food items in a mosaic environment and/or inhabiting an open forest edge during the terminal Pleistocene. This study reinforces the higher-latitude and -altitude extension of a forest-grassland mosaic ecosystem or savanna corridor (farther north into northwestern Thailand), which facilitated the dispersal of hunter-gatherers across mountainous areas and possibly allowed for consistency in a human subsistence strategy and Hoabinhian technology in the highlands of mainland Southeast Asia over a 20,000-year span near the end of the Pleistocene.
Impact of conduction disturbances on left ventricular mass regression and geometry change following transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Ko Tsung-Yu , Kao Hsien-Li , Liu Ying-Ju , Yeh Chih-Fan , Huang Ching-Chang , Chen Ying-Hsien , Hung Chi-Sheng , Chan Chih-Yang , Lin Lung-Chun , Chen Yih-Sharng , Lin Mao-Shin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOur study aimed to compare the difference of LV mass regression and remodeling in regard of conduction disturbances (CD) following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). A prospective analysis of 152 consecutive TAVR patients was performed. 53 patients (34.9%) had CD following TAVR, including 30 (19.7%) permanent pacemaker implantation and 23 (15.2%) new left bundle branch block. In 123 patients with 1-year follow-up, significant improvement of LV ejection fraction (LVEF) (baseline vs 12-month: 65.1 ± 13.2 vs 68.7 ± 9.1, P = 0.017) and reduced LV end-systolic volume (LVESV) (39.8 ± 25.8 vs 34.3 ± 17.1, P = 0.011) was found in non-CD group (N = 85), but not in CD group (N = 38). Both groups had significant decrease in LV mass index (baseline vs 12-month: 148.6 ± 36.9 vs. 136.4 ± 34.7 in CD group, p = 0.023; 153.0 ± 50.5 vs. 125.6 ± 35.1 in non-CD group, p < 0.0001). In 46 patients with 3-year follow-up, only non-CD patients (N = 28) had statistically significant decrease in LV mass index (Baseline vs 36-month: 180.8 ± 58.8 vs 129.8 ± 39.1, p = 0.0001). Our study showed the improvement of LV systolic function, reduced LVESV and LV mass regression at 1 year could be observed in patients without CD after TAVR. Sustained LV mass regression within 3-year was found only in patients without CD.
The prevalence of inorganic mercury in human cells increases during aging but decreases in the very old
Authors: Pamphlett Roger 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSuccessful aging is likely to involve both genetic and environmental factors, but environmental toxicants that accelerate aging are not known. Human exposure to mercury is common, and mercury has genotoxic, autoimmune, and free radical effects which could contribute to age-related disorders. The presence of inorganic mercury was therefore assessed in the organs of 170 people aged 1–104 years to determine the prevalence of mercury in human tissues at different ages. Mercury was found commonly in cells of the brain, kidney, thyroid, anterior pituitary, adrenal medulla and pancreas. The prevalence of mercury in these organs increased during aging but decreased in people aged over 80 years. People with mercury in one organ usually also had mercury in several others. In conclusion, the prevalence of inorganic mercury in human organs increases with age. The relative lack of tissue mercury in the very old could account for the flattened mortality rate and reduced incidence of cancer in this advanced age group. Since mercury may accelerate aging, efforts to reduce atmospheric mercury pollution could improve the chances of future successful aging.
Recognition capability of one’s own skilled movement is dissociated from acquisition of motor skill memory
Authors: Mizuguchi Nobuaki , Tsuchimoto Shohei , Fujii Hirofumi , Kato Kouki , Nagami Tomoyuki , Kanosue Kazuyuki 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhen we have rehearsed a movement using an object, we can reproduce the movement without holding the object. However, the reproduced movement sometimes differs from the movement holding a real object, likely because movement recognition is inaccurate. In the present study, we tested whether the recognition capability was dissociated from the acquisition of motor skill memory. Twelve novices were asked to rotate two balls with their right hand as quickly as possible; they practiced the task for 29 days. To evaluate recognition capability, we calculated the difference in coordination pattern of all five digits between the ball-rotation movement and the reproduced movement without holding balls. The recognition capability did not change within the first day, but improved after one week of practice. On the other hand, performance of the ball rotation significantly improved within the first day. Since improvement of performance is likely associated with acquisition of motor skill memory, we suggest that recognition capability, which reflects the capability to cognitively access motor skill memory, was dissociated from the acquisition of motor skill memory. Therefore, recognition of one’s own skilled movement would rely on a hierarchical structure of acquisition of motor skill memory and cognitive access to that memory.
Factors affecting the prevalence of idiopathic scoliosis among children aged 8–15 years in Prishtina, Kosovo
Authors: Tahirbegolli Bernard , Obertinca Rilind , Bytyqi Albina , Kryeziu Blerta , Hyseni Blerte , Taganoviq Besarta , Shabani Bujar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractProspective study, Level of evidence II. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of scoliosis among children aged 8–15 years old and to identify the impact of schoolbag weight in developing adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). AIS is a common disease whose prevalence varies between countries and gender, with an increased rate among females compared to males. Screening children in primary school settings for idiopathic scoliosis (IS) is an important public health issue and is crucial for early detection, prevention of further deformity, and healthy child growth. Our sample was composed of 1619 pupils from the municipality of Prishtina, surveyed from March to April 2019. Measurements were made with a scoliometer on the basis of the Adams test process. Three measurements were taken for each of the participants. Additionally, all the pupils were subjected to bare-foot height and weight measurements with and without school bags. The mean ± standard deviation age of pupils was 11.67 ± 2.00 years old and 49% were females. The prevalence of the angle of trunk rotation (ATR) ≥ 5 ° was 26.1%, females had 1.49 higher odds (95%CI 1.19–1.86) to develop an ATR of ≥ 5° compared to males. The highest rate of ATR of ≥ 5° was seen among the ninth-grade students (31.3%). 56.5% of 4th grade students carry a schoolbag weighing over 12.5% of body weight. Relatively high prevalence of idiopathic scoliosis was found in primary schools in Prishtina. The highest prevalence was found in students attending the ninth grade, while females gender dominated.
CDKN2A is a prognostic biomarker and correlated with immune infiltrates in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Luo Jun-peng , Wang Jing , Huang Jin-hua 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) is an essential regulator of immune cell functionality, but the mechanisms whereby it drives immune infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. In the present study, we studied the association with CDKN2A expression and immune invasion with the risk of developing HCC. A totally of 2207 different genes were found between HCC and adjacent liver tissues from TCGA and GEO databases. CDKN2A was highly expressed in HCC and associated with poorer overall survival and disease-free survival. Notably, CDKN2A expression was positively correlated with infiltrating levels into purity, B cell, CD+8 T cell, CD+4 T cell, macrophage, neutrophil, and dendritic cells in HCC. CDKN2A expression showed strong correlations between diverse immune marker sets in HCC. These findings suggest that CDKN2A expression potentially contributes to regulation of tumor-associated macrophages and can be used as a prognostic biomarker for determining prognosis and immune infiltration in HCC.
Distributed event‐triggered cooperative H∞ load frequency control for interconnected networked power systems
Authors: Huo Zhihong , Xu Chang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractInterconnected communication time‐varying delays between subsystems for large scale distributed networked power systems (DNPSs) are studied in this work. Distributed event‐triggered mechanisms‐based interconnected DNPSs and their cooperative stability control strategy are proposed for load frequency control in multi‐area interconnected power systems. Considering the distributed interconnected DNPSs, the subsystems have their own state time‐delay, and there are time‐varying delays and package dropout in subsystems interconnection; in order to reduce the amount of transmitted signals and improve the efficiency of the network communication resource, a distributed event‐triggered mechanisms‐based system model and a novel design method for networked cooperative control strategy are proposed. Based on the Lyapunov stability analysis method, a suitable Lyapunov Krasovskii function is constructed, and the distributed controller design scheme is derived based on the feasible solution of linear matrix inequality (LMI). The sufficient conditions for the system asymptotical stability is given. Finally, a four‐area networked interconnected hybrid power system is considered and the system performance under networked load fluctuations is analysed; the simulation results show that the proposed scheme is feasible and effective.
A highly efficient framework for outlier detection in urban traffic flow
Authors: Wang Xing , Zeng Ruihao , Zou Fumin , Huang Faliang , Jin Biao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe outliers in traffic flow represent the anomalies or emergencies in the road. The detection and research of outliers will help to reveal the mechanism of such events. Aiming at the problem of outlier detection in urban traffic flow, this paper innovatively proposes a highly efficient traffic outlier detection framework based on the study of road traffic flow patterns. The main research works are as follows: (1) data pre‐processing, the road traffic flow matrix of the roads is calculated based on the collected GPS data, the non‐negative matrix factorisation algorithm is chosen to reduce the dimension of the matrix. (2) Road traffic flow pattern extraction, the fuzzy C‐means clustering algorithm with the Optimal k‐cluster centre (K‐FCM) is adopted to cluster the roads with the same road traffic flow pattern. (3) Outlier detection model training and evaluation, kernel density estimation is introduced to fit the probability density of roads traffic flow matrices which are used to train the back propagation neural network based on particle swarm optimisation to obtain the outlier detection and evaluation model, and a threshold is introduced to optimise the precision and recall of the model. The experimental results show that: the average precision and recall of the proposed method in this paper are 95.38% and 96.23%, respectively, and the average detection time is 28.4 seconds. The method has high accuracy, high efficiency and good practical significance.
Chirp pseudo‐noise signal and its receiving scheme for LEO enhanced GNSS
Authors: Zhao Xin , Huang Xinming , Tang Xiaomei , Feng Xiaochao , Sun Guangfu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLow earth orbit (LEO) constellations for enhancing global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) have been investigated and studied due to their higher floor power and rapid geometric changes. Compared with GNSS based on medium orbit (MEO) and geostationary (GEO) satellites, the higher Doppler frequency is one of the problems faced by the LEO enhanced GNSS. For the traditional BPSK signal, the complexity has been greatly improved in acquisition, especially in the cold start state, which means more requests on the signal design. The periodic chirp signal modulated by the pseudo‐noise code (chirp‐PC) is proposed as the ranging signal of LEO enhanced GNSS. The coupling characteristic of Doppler and delay in chirp‐PC can make the search frequency grid less than the traditional BPSK signal with the same acquisition performance, which can greatly reduce the complexity. However, the delay estimation obtained by the acquisition is biased. A tracking loop based on the chirp phase locked loop (CPLL) was proposed for removing the coupling of Doppler and time delay. The simulations show that the tracking loop can track chirp‐PC signals stably and unbiasedly, and the tracking accuracy is similar to that of the corresponding BPSK signal. Therefore, the chirp‐PC signal is a new choice for LEO enhanced GNSS with low acquisition complexity and equivalent tracking accuracy to BPSK.
Large-amplitude longitudinal oscillations in solar prominences simulated with different resolutions
Authors: Liakh V. , Luna M. , Khomenko E. 
Published: August 2021

Context. Large-amplitude longitudinal oscillations (LALOs) in solar prominences have been widely studied in recent decades. However, their damping and amplification mechanisms are not well understood.
Aims. In this study, we investigate the attenuation and amplification of LALOs using high-resolution numerical simulations with progressively increasing spatial resolutions.
Methods. We performed time-dependent numerical simulations of LALOs using the 2D magnetic configuration that contains a dipped region. After the prominence mass loading in the magnetic dips, we triggered LALOs by perturbing the prominence mass along the magnetic field. We performed the experiments with four values of spatial resolution.
Results. In the simulations with the highest resolution, the period shows good agreement with the pendulum model. The convergence experiment revealed that the damping time saturates at the bottom prominence region with increasing resolution, indicating the existence of a physical reason for the damping of oscillations. At the prominence top, the oscillations are amplified during the first minutes and are then slowly attenuated. The characteristic time suggests more significant amplification in the experiments with the highest spatial resolution. The analysis revealed that the energy exchange between the bottom and top prominence regions is responsible for the attenuation and amplification of LALOs.
Conclusions. High-resolution experiments are crucial when studying the periods and the damping mechanism of LALOs. The period agrees with the pendulum model only when using a sufficiently high spatial resolution. The results suggest that numerical diffusion in simulations with insufficient spatial resolution can hide important physical mechanisms, such as amplification of oscillations.
Prävention nicht übertragbarer chronischer Erkrankungen durch „gesunde“ Ernährung
Authors: Bosy-Westphal Anja , Müller Manfred J. 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungÜbergewicht betrifft mehr als 50 % der Erwachsenen in Deutschland, 20 Millionen Menschen sind adipös, zwischen 10 und 30 % haben Stoffwechsel- und Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen. Diese nicht übertragbaren Krankheiten („non-communicable diseases“, NCD) sind hochanteilig durch eine der Gesundheit abträgliche Ernährung verursacht und unnötig. Da die Produktion von Lebensmitteln und auch deren Konsum eng mit den aktuellen Problemen von Umwelt, Klima und ungebremstem ökonomischem Wachstum verknüpft sind, können nachhaltig wirksame Maßnahmen der Prävention von NCD nur in größeren Kontexten realisiert werden. Aus dieser Sicht ist es an uns Ärzten, sowohl die Patienten ernährungsmedizinisch angemessen zu behandeln als auch den notwendigen gesellschaftlichen Wandel zum Erhalt der Gesundheit von Mensch und Umwelt mitzugestalten.
Hepatic Meteorin-like and Krüppel-like Factor 3 are Associated with Weight Loss and Liver Injury
Authors: Grander Christoph , Grabherr Felix , Enrich Barbara , Meyer Moritz , Mayr Lisa , Schwärzler Julian , Pedrini Alisa , Effenberger Maria , Adolph Timon E. , Tilg Herbert 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) was found to be effective in reducing body weight and improving insulin resistance in patients with obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The adipokine/myokine meteorin-like (METNRL) is an important regulator of whole-body energy expenditure. Krüppel-like factor 3 (KLF3), a regulator of METRNL expression in eosinophils, inhibits the beiging of adipose tissue in mice and therefore regulates adipose tissue development.
Methods Thirty-three obese patients undergoing LAGB were included in the study. The hepatic and adipose tissue expression of METNRL and KLF3 was determined before (t0) and 6 months after (t6) LABG. The human liver cancer cell line (HepG2) was stimulated with cytokines and fatty acids and METNRL and KLF3 expressions were analyzed.
Results LAGB-associated weight loss was correlated with decreased hepatic METNRL expression. The expression of METNRL and KLF3 in hepatic-and adipose tissues correlated before and after LAGB. Individuals with augmented LAGB-induced weight loss (>20 kg) showed lower hepatic METNRL and KLF3 expression before and after LAGB than patients with <20 kg weight loss. METNRL and KLF3 levels were higher in patients with higher NAFLD activity scores. HepG2 stimulation with interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, palmitic acid but not interleukin-6, oleic acid, or lipopolysaccharide, induced the expression of one or both investigated adipokines.
Conclusions The novel description of METRNL and KLF3 as hepatokines could pave the way to target their production and/or signaling in obesity, NAFLD, and related disorders. Both proteins may act as possible biomarkers to estimate weight loss after bariatric surgery.