bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A semi‐staggered finite volume approach applied to two‐ and three‐dimensional flow in channels with gradual expansions
Authors: Nascimento Adyllyson , Rodrigues Gustavo , Ricardo Figueiredo José 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTwo‐ and three‐dimensional computations have been performed to study incompressible laminar flow of viscous fluids in symmetric channels with gradual expansions. The divergent form advective and viscous terms of Navier–Stokes equations are discretized by means of the UNIFAES scheme, which has been showing unpaired accuracy. Explicit time‐wise integration allows continuity to be imposed via the Poisson equation for the pressure, solved iteratively with several iterations per velocity step in order to ensure mass conservation throughout the transient regime. The proposed finite volume approach uses the semi‐staggered mesh structure, in which pressure is put at the center of the continuity cell and the velocity components at the cell vertexes. Comparative studies have shown this mesh to be highlighted by accuracy, in relation to the traditional, staggered and collocated meshes. Furthermore, it was observed that the semi‐staggered mesh allowed to treat a plane diverging channel in entirely regular fashion without losing accuracy, by appropriate choice of the aspect ratio of the numerical cell, providing geometrical flexibility that does not exist in more common meshes, such as staggered and collocated structures. The present proposal explored the geometric flexibility of the semi‐staggered mesh to solve with simplicity a relevant problem of a channel with gradual expansion. Overall, good agreement was observed against experimental and numerical results in the literature, therefore, it illustrates the capability of the semi‐staggered approach to easily handle flat surfaces nonparallel to the coordinates axes.
Cladophialophora bantiana and Nocardia farcinica infection simultaneously occurring in a kidney transplant recipient: Case report and literature review
Authors: Cortés Pedro , Jane Hata D. , Libertin Claudia , Meza Villegas Diana M. , Harris Dana M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSolid organ transplant recipients are at increased risk of acquiring devastating infections with unusual pathogens. Nocardia are aerobic actinomycetes that affect the lungs, brain, skin and soft tissue. Cladophialophora species are dematiaceous fungi that overwhelmingly cause infections in the brain. Both organisms carry a high mortality rate. We present the first reported renal transplant case with Cladophialophora bantiana involving the renal allograft with concurrent invasive nocardiosis involving the lungs and brain.
The optimal timing of interval laparoscopic cholecystectomy following percutaneous cholecystostomy based on pathological findings and the incidence of biliary events
Authors: Hung Yu‐Liang , Chen Huan‐Wu , Tsai Chun‐Yi , Chen Tse‐Ching , Wang Shang‐Yu , Sung Chang‐Mu , Hsu Jun‐Te , Yeh Ta‐Sen , Yeh Chun‐Nan , Jan Yi‐Yin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of biliary events (BE) following percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) in acute cholecystitis (AC) patients is high. Therefore, definitive laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is recommended. We aimed to investigate the optimal timing of LC following PC with regard to the clinical course and pathological findings.MethodsAll 744 AC patients with PC were included. The incidence and median number of BE were investigated with the concept of competing risks. The 344 patients with interval LC were divided into two groups based on the pathological findings of resected gallbladders: the acute/acute‐and‐chronic group (AANC group) (n = 221) and the chronic group (n = 123). A comparative analysis of the demographic data and perioperative outcomes was performed.ResultsAmong the 744 AC patients with PC, 142 patients experienced recurrent BE. The cumulative incidence of BE was 26.6%, and the median time to recurrence was 67.5 days. The PC‐to‐LC days of the chronic group were longer than those of the AANC group (73.51 vs 63.00, P < .001). The multivariate analysis indicated that the operation time was longer in the AANC group than in the chronic group (P = .040).ConclusionIn terms of the clinical course and sequential pathological changes in the gallbladder, a 9‐ to 10‐week interval after PC is the optimal timing for LC.
Vitiligo, alkaptonuria, and nitisinone—A report of three families and review of the literature
Authors: Ranganath Lakshminarayan , Khedr Milad , Evans Leanne A. , Bygott Helen , Luangrath Emily , West Elizabeth 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFour patients, from three families, with alkaptonuria receiving 4‐hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase‐inhibiting nitisinone therapy, which lowers homogentisic acid and increases tyrosine, developed vitiligo. Three of the four patients were receiving nitisinone 2 mg daily, while the fourth was on 10 mg daily. All four patients were either receiving or had received transiently proton‐pump inhibitors as therapy for dyspepsia. The ages of the patients were 35, 42, 40, and 67 years, respectively. Three patients were men and one was a woman. All four patients were either taking a proton‐pump inhibitor or had been taking one at some point. Three of the four were of South Asian and one of Caucasian background. The three patients with South Asian background also had either a personal or family history of autoimmune disease. Distressing vitiligo, initially in an acrofacial distribution, developed unexpectedly in these four patients, before then progressing to involve other parts of the body. Potential factors in the appearance of vitiligo in this setting, including nitisinone and other drug therapy, are explored and responses to the appearance of vitiligo are discussed.
Altered canalicular remodeling associated with femur fracture in mice
Authors: Emami Armaun J. , Sebastian Aimy , Lin Yu‐Yang , Yee Cristal S. , Osipov Benjamin , Loots Gabriela G. , Alliston Tamara , Christiansen Blaine A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe previously showed that femur fracture in mice caused a reduction in bone volume at distant skeletal sites within 2 weeks post‐fracture. Osteocytes also have the ability to remodel their surrounding bone matrix through perilacunar/canalicular remodeling (PLR). If PLR is altered systemically following fracture, this could affect bone mechanical properties and increase fracture risk at all skeletal sites. In this study, we investigated whether lacunar‐canalicular microstructure and the rate of PLR are altered in the contralateral limb following femoral fracture in mice. We hypothesized that femoral fracture would accelerate PLR by 2 weeks postfracture, followed by partial recovery by 4 weeks. We used histological evaluation and high‐resolution microcomputed tomography to quantify the morphology of the lacunar‐canalicular network at the contralateral tibia, and we used quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and RNA‐seq to measure the expression of PLR‐associated genes in the contralateral femur. We found that at both 2 and 4 weeks postfracture, canalicular width was significantly increased by 18.6% and 16.6%, respectively, in fractured mice relative to unfractured controls. At 3 days and 4 weeks post‐fracture, we observed downregulation of PLR‐associated genes; RNA‐seq analysis at 3 days post‐fracture showed a deceleration of bone formation and mineralization in the contralateral limb. These data demonstrate notable canalicular changes following fracture that could affect bone mechanical properties. These findings expand our understanding of systemic effects of fracture and how biological and structural changes at distant skeletal sites may contribute to increased fracture risk following an acute injury.
FDA Approval Summary: Selinexor for Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Kasamon Yvette L. , Price Lauren S.L. , Okusanya Olanrewaju O. , Richardson Nicholas C. , Li Ruo-Jing , Ma Lian , Wu Yu-Te , Theoret Marc , Pazdur Richard , Gormley Nicole J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

In June 2020, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration granted accelerated approval to selinexor for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), not otherwise specified, including DLBCL arising from follicular lymphoma, after at least two lines of systemic therapy. Approval was based on SADAL, a multicenter trial of selinexor monotherapy in patients with DLBCL after two to five systemic regimens. Efficacy was based on independent review committee–assessed objective response rate (ORR) and duration of response using Lugano criteria. In 134 patients treated with the approved dosage (60 mg orally on days 1 and 3 of each week), the ORR was 29% (95% confidence interval, 22–38), with complete response in 13% and with 38% of responses lasting at least 6 months. Gastrointestinal toxicity developed in 80% of patients, hyponatremia in 61%, central neurological toxicity (such as dizziness and mental status changes) in 25%, and ocular toxicity in 18%. New or worsening grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia, neutropenia, anemia, or hyponatremia developed in ≥15%. Adverse reactions led to selinexor dose interruption in 61% of patients, dose reduction in 49%, and permanent discontinuation in 17%, with thrombocytopenia being the leading cause of dose modifications. Postmarketing studies will evaluate reduced dosages of selinexor and further evaluate clinical benefit in patients with relapsed or refractory DLBCL.

Implications for Practice
Selinexor is a new potential option for adults with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified, in the third-line setting or beyond. Toxicities are typically manageable but can be difficult to tolerate and necessitate close monitoring and supportive care.
Risks and mitigation strategies to prevent etoposide infusion‐related reactions in children
Authors: Tillman Emma M. , Suppes Sarah L. , Miles Nicholas , Duty Ashley M. , Kelley Kelsey L. , Goldman Jennifer L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEtoposide is an antineoplastic agent widely used for treatment of many pediatric cancers. Etoposide has been associated with infusion‐related reactions. In this brief report, we compare etoposide infusion‐related reactions that occurred over a 10‐year period at two freestanding pediatric hospitals. Infusion reactions occurred in 1% of patients at two hospitals across the study period. Rates of 4.8%, 3.4%, and 7.9% were observed at Children's Mercy Hospital during 2018, 2019, and 2020, respectively, after the implementation of in‐line filters during etoposide infusions in late 2017. Of the 32 patients who experienced adverse reactions, 41% were rechallenged after the reaction and all were able to tolerate at least one future dose with either pre‐treatment or extending infusion duration. This work highlights the importance of a multicenter approach to investigating adverse drug reactions (ADRs) as variation in practice can provide key information about ADRs and potential risk factors.
Measuring vital signs of process safety culture
Authors: Hameed Hamza , Sarfraz Muhammad Ahsan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn line with Fatima Group's vision and Health, Safety and Environment policy, Fatima Fertilizers Company Limited (FFCL) stipulated a process safety management program (PSM) as the major corner‐stone. It was purely a self‐initiative to implement this model rather than following any regulatory requirement. At FFCL, process safety performance is tracked using global method of leading and lagging indicators. Leading indicators are a set of data that measures performance across various elements of process safety. In 2020, in order to uplift process safety performance at FFCL, we invested in activities keeping in view core principles of process safety culture. While analyzing Leading Indicators for 2019, FFCL performance across various elements was linked with core principles of process safety; this helped to identify strong and weak areas of our culture. To supplement this analysis in pursuit of strong process safety culture, another study was conducted with title “What is it in for me, Two Decades of Process Safety Beacons”. All Process Safety Beacons to date were critically reviewed and relevant information was extracted. Main objective of this activity was to learn from past mistakes and strengthen process safety elements.
Explainable AI methods in cyber risk management
Authors: Giudici Paolo , Raffinetti Emanuela 
Published: June 2021

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) methods are becoming widespread, especially when data are not sufficient to build classical statistical models, as is the case for cyber risk management. However, when applied to regulated industries, such as energy, finance, and health, AI methods lack explainability. Authorities aimed at validating machine learning models in regulated fields will not consider black‐box models, unless they are supplemented with further methods that explain why certain predictions have been obtained, and which are the variables that mostly concur to such predictions. Recently, Shapley values have been introduced for this purpose: They are model agnostic, and powerful, but are not normalized and, therefore, cannot become a standardized procedure. In this paper, we provide an explainable AI model that embeds Shapley values with a statistical normalization, based on Lorenz Zonoids, particularly suited for ordinal measurement variables that can be obtained to assess cyber risk.
Multi‐Redox Active Carbons and Hydrocarbons: Control of their Redox Properties and Potential Applications
Authors: Ueda Hiroyuki , Yoshimoto Soichiro 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPrecise control over redox properties is essential for high‐performance organic electronic devices such as organic batteries, electrochromic devices, and information storage devices. In this context, multi‐redox active carbons and hydrocarbons, represented as CxHy molecules (x≥1, y≥0), are highly sought after, because they can switch between multiple redox states. Herein, we outline the redox properties of CxHy molecules as solutes and adsorbed species. Furthermore, the limitations of evaluating their redox properties and the possible solutions are summarized. Additionally, the theoretical capacity (mAh/g) and gravimetric energy density (Wh/kg) of secondary batteries were estimated based on the redox properties of 185 CxHy molecules, which have primarily been reported in the last decade. Among them, seven CxHy molecules were found to have the potential to surpass the energy density of LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2/graphite batteries. The use of CxHy molecules in multielectrochromic devices and multi‐bit memory is also explained. We believe that this review will encourage further utilization of CxHy molecules thereby promoting its applications in organic electronic devices.
Anomalies in implicit attitudes research
Authors: Machery Edouard 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this review, I provide a pessimistic assessment of the indirect measurement of attitudes by highlighting the persisting anomalies in the science of implicit attitudes, focusing on their validity, reliability, predictive power, and causal efficiency, and I draw some conclusions concerning the validity of the implicit bias construct.This article is categorized under:
Psychology > Reasoning and Decision Making
Structures and Properties of the Halogenido Stannates(II) [BMIm][Sn3Cl7] and [BMIm][Sn4Br9]
Authors: Liebertseder Mareike , Wolf Silke , Feldmann Claus 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe halogenido stannates(II) [BMIm][Sn3Cl7] and [BMIm][Sn4Br9] are obtained by ionic‐liquid‐based synthesis with SnX2 and [BMIm]X (X=Cl, Br; [BMIm]=1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium) near room temperature (45–50 °C). Both form colorless, moisture‐sensitive crystals and exhibit layered anionic networks. [BMIm][Sn3Cl7] contains “horseshoe”‐like ∞1(SnCl1/1Cl2/2) chains that are linked via [SnCl3]− anions to ∞2[Sn3Cl7]− zigzag‐planes. [BMIm][Sn4Br9] contains a complex ∞2[Sn4Br9]− network with altogether four different crystallographic Sn2+ sites and different coordination. For comparison with these complex halogenido stannates(II), PbCl2/PbBr2 are reacted with similar conditions, which, however, only results in [BMIm][PbCl3] containing ∞1[PbCl3]− chains. Beside the crystal structures, the thermal and optical properties are examined and feature certain emission of visible light for all title compounds at room temperature. Whereas the quantum yields of [BMIm][Sn4Br9] (3 %) and [BMIm][PbCl3] (21 %) are low, [BMIm][Sn3Cl7] shows surprisingly efficient photoluminescence with a quantum yield of 46 %.
The Relationship Between Teacher Professional Community and Participative Decision-Making in Schools in 22 European Countries
Authors: Lomos Catalina 
Published: June 2021

AbstractVarious empirical studies have established the positive relationship between teacher professional community (PC) and participative decision-making (PDM) within schools. Considering that these relationships proved relevant to school improvement in different countries, a comparative approach will allow us to establish whether this positive relationship holds true for a wider range of European countries. This study presents results of this relationship using data from 35,000 secondary teachers in 22 European countries. Taking an exploratory approach, the study investigates the relationship between the presence of PC and the school actors involved in PDM. We are particularly interested in the level of active participation in decision-making by teachers, the school governor or counsellor, and by students, and the relative presence of PC. We find this relationship to be significant and positive, but varying in strength according to the actors involved in decision-making. Furthermore, the relationship is stronger across all countries studied when teachers are significantly involved in decision-making as opposed to when school counsellors or governors are more involved. Regarding student involvement in decision-making, its relationship with PC proved stronger when students could influence school rules or help choose teaching and learning materials. The relationships measured and compared across countries were tested for robustness by applying a test for measurement invariance of the PC latent concept and discussing its implications for the relationships of interest. After other relevant robustness checks, we conclude that, across all European countries studied, there is a positive relationship between PC and PDM in schools, with the involvement of some actors in PDM being more indicative of the presence of PC than the involvement of others.
A genuine fermionic quintuplet seesaw model: phenomenological introduction
Authors: Ashanujjaman Saiyad , Ghosh Kirtiman 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We study a model which generates Majorana neutrino masses at tree-level via low-energy effective operator with mass-dimension-9. Introduction of such a higher dimensional operator brings down the lepton number violating mass scale to TeV making such model potentially testable at present or near future colliders. This model possesses several new SU(2)L fermionic multiplets, in particular, three generations of triplets, quadruplets and quintuplets, and thus a rich phenomenology at the LHC. Noting that lepton flavour violation arises very naturally in such setup, we put constraints on the Yukawa couplings and heavy fermion masses using the current experimental bounds on lepton flavour violating processes. We also obtain 95% CL lower bounds on the masses of the triplets, quadruplets and quintuplets using a recent CMS search for multilepton final states with 137 inverse femtobarn integrated luminosity data at 13 TeV center of mass energy. The possibility that the heavy fermions could be long-lived leaving disappearing charge track signatures or displaced vertex at the future colliders like LHeC, FCC-he, MATHUSLA, etc. is also discussed.
Formalism and Hilbert’s understanding of consistency problems
Authors: Detlefsen Michael 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFormalism in the philosophy of mathematics has taken a variety of forms and has been advocated for widely divergent reasons. In Sects. 1 and 2, I briefly introduce the major formalist doctrines of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. These are what I call empirico-semantic formalism (advocated by Heine), game formalism (advocated by Thomae) and instrumental formalism (advocated by Hilbert). After describing these views, I note some basic points of similarity and difference between them. In the remainder of the paper, I turn my attention to Hilbert’s instrumental formalism. My primary aim there will be to develop its formalist elements more fully. These are, in the main, (i) its rejection of the axiom-centric focus of traditional model-construction approaches to consistency problems, (ii) its departure from the traditional understanding of the basic nature of proof and (iii) its distinctively descriptive or observational orientation with regard to the consistency problem for arithmetic. More specifically, I will highlight what I see as the salient points of connection between Hilbert’s formalist attitude and his finitist standard for the consistency proof for arithmetic. I will also note what I see as a significant tension between Hilbert’s observational approach to the consistency problem for arithmetic and his expressed hope that his solution of that problem would dispense with certain epistemological concerns regarding arithmetic once and for all.
Wood powders of different botanical origin as an alternative to barrel aging for red wine
Authors: Lisanti Maria Tiziana , Capuano Rosa , Moio Luigi , Gambuti Angelita 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWood powders are produced in large quantity as by-product of barrel, staves and chips industry. Differently from larger particles (chips), the use of wood powders in winemaking is not admitted (Regulation (CE) n. 934/2019); however, it could represent a cheap and sustainable alternative for the accelerated aging of red wine. To evaluate their potential use in winemaking, a comparative study on the use of wood powders from oak, chestnut and acacia wood for the accelerated aging of red wine (cv. Aglianico) was conducted. This alternative aging was compared to the aging in wood barrels from the same botanical species. The wine aged in contact with powders underwent a quicker evolution of polyphenolic fraction. After 15 days of contact, the loss of total anthocyanins was higher than that observed after 6 months of aging in barrels (from 4 to 14% with respect to the corresponding kind of barrel). The amount of polymeric pigments tannins–anthocyanins–tannins in wines aged in contact with powders was higher respect to the wines aged in barrels (from 7 to 21% with respect to the corresponding kind of barrel), while the greatest loss of total tannins was detected in the oak barrels (28% less with respect to the control). There were several differences in wine phenolic acids due to wood botanical origin, with the clearest differences being between oak and the alternative wood species (chestnut and acacia). Also, there was a significant botanical effect on sensory profiles. Indeed, both among barrels and among powders, oak wood was the one that gave the strongest wood odor character. However, all the treatments with wood powders (oak, acacia and chestnut) preserved the fruity character of wine, conferring in the meanwhile non-dominant woody notes.