bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amorphous Carbon Nitride with Three Coordinate Nitrogen (N3C) Vacancies for Exceptional NOx Abatement in Visible Light
Authors: Duan Youyu , Wang Yang , Gan Liyong , Meng Jiazhi , Feng Yajie , Wang Kaiwen , Zhou Kai , Wang Cong , Han Xiaodong , Zhou Xiaoyuan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOver the past several decades, much effort has been applied to atmospheric nitrogen oxide (NOx) abatement. The current techniques require high energy consumption and result in secondary pollution. Particularly, the removal of low dose (<200 ppm) of NOx has been very challenging. Though graphitic carbon nitride (g‐CN), an eco‐friendly and sustainable material was tried as a promising metal‐free photocatalyst for NOx abatement. Herein, a one‐step, energy efficient calcination approach is developed to prepare amorphous carbon nitride (ACN) with N3C‐site vacancies. The visible‐light responsive range is expanded and the activation barrier of NO triple bonds is sharply decreased by one order of magnitude; 0.19 eV when compared to the 2.22 eV of g‐CN. These modifications allow the NOx removal efficiency of ACN to reach 57.1% which is among the highest in visible light. The unique N3C‐site vacancies are well maintained after photocatalytic NO oxidation, which shows an exceptional structural stability. This boosts the generation of singlet oxygen (1O2) and superoxide radical (•O2−) for complete NO removal. This study sheds light on the active site design and photocatalytic performance enhancement of g‐CN based materials by vacancy engineering.
Construction and Operating Mechanism of High‐Rate Mo‐Doped Na3V2(PO4)3@C Nanowires toward Practicable Wide‐Temperature‐Tolerance Na‐Ion and Hybrid Li/Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liang Longwei , Li Xiaoying , Zhao Fei , Zhang Jinyang , Liu Yang , Hou Linrui , Yuan Changzhou 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe growing demand for cost‐efficiency and safe energy storage systems has stimulated enormous interest worldwide in advanced cathodes for practicle “beyond‐Li‐ion” batteries. Herein, a feasible electrospinning/annealing avenue for the construction of 1D Mo‐doped Na3V2(PO4)3 nanowires in situ coated with carbon nanoshell (MNVP@C NWs) toward next‐generation Na‐ion batteries (NIBs) and hybrid Li/Na‐ion batteries (HLNIBs) as a high‐rate cathode material, is reported. Particularly, the intrinsic hybrid Li/Na‐ion storage mechanism of the MNVP@C NWs is unveiled for the HLNIBs with comprehensive characterizations. The resultant MNVP@C NWs demonstrate rapid electronic/ionic transport and rigid structural tolerance within operating temperatures from ‐25 to 55 °C, benefiting from its unique structural/compositional merits. More competitively, the MNVP@C NWs assembled pouch‐type NIBs (‐15 to 25 °C) and HLNIBs (‐25 to 55 °C) both exhibit remarkable wide‐temperature‐tolerance electrochemical properties in terms of high‐rate capabilities and long‐duration cycling lifespan, along with material‐level energy densities of ≈262.4 and ≈186.1 Wh kg‐1 at 25 °C, respectively. The contribution here is expected to exert a stimulative impact upon the future design of versatile cathodes for advanced high energy/power rechargeable batteries.
The Alzheimer's Association international guidelines for handling of cerebrospinal fluid for routine clinical measurements of amyloid β and tau
Authors: Hansson Oskar , Batrla Richard , Brix Britta , Carrillo Maria C. , Corradini Veronika , Edelmayer Rebecca M. , Esquivel Rianne N. , Hall Christina , Lawson John , Bastard Nathalie Le , Molinuevo José Luis , Nisenbaum Laura K. , Rutz Sandra , Salamone Salvatore J. , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Traynham Christopher , Umek Robert M. , Vanderstichele Hugo , Vandijck Manu , Wahl Simone , Weber Christopher J. , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe core cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers amyloid beta (Aβ42 and Aβ40), total tau, and phosphorylated tau, have been extensively clinically validated, with very high diagnostic performance for AD, including the early phases of the disease. However, between‐center differences in pre‐analytical procedures may contribute to variability in measurements across laboratories. To resolve this issue, a workgroup was led by the Alzheimer's Association with experts from both academia and industry. The aim of the group was to develop a simplified and standardized pre‐analytical protocol for CSF collection and handling before analysis for routine clinical use, and ultimately to ensure high diagnostic performance and minimize patient misclassification rates. Widespread application of the protocol would help minimize variability in measurements, which would facilitate the implementation of unified cut‐off levels across laboratories, and foster the use of CSF biomarkers in AD diagnostics for the benefit of the patients.
Ultrastable and Efficient Visible‐light‐driven CO2 Reduction Triggered by Regenerative Oxygen‐Vacancies in Bi2O2CO3 Nanosheets
Authors: Zu Xiaolong , Zhao Yuan , Li Xiaodong , Chen Runhua , Shao Weiwei , Wang Zhiqiang , Hu Jun , Zhu Junfa , Pan Yang , Sun Yongfu , Xie Yi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHerein, we first design a fast low‐pressure ultraviolet light irradiation strategy for easily regenerating the nearly equivalent surface vacancies. Taking the defective Bi2O2CO3 nanosheets as an example, nearly equal amount of oxygen vacancies can be regenerated under UV light irradiation. Synchrotron‐radiation quasi in situ X‐ray photoelectron spectra disclose the Bi sites in the O‐defective Bi2O2CO3 nanosheets can act as the highly active sites, which not only help to activate CO2 molecules, but also contribute to stabilizing the rate‐limiting COOH* intermediate. Also, in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and in situ mass spectrometry unravel the UV light irradiation contributes to accelerating CO desorption process. As a result, the O‐defective Bi2O2CO3 nanosheets achieve a stability up to 2640 h over 110 cycling tests and a high evolution rate of 275 μmol g−1 h−1 for visible‐light‐driven CO2 reduction to CO.
Ergonomic Challenges in the Perioperative Setting
Authors: Apple Brandi , Letvak Susan 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTWorking in health care can be physically stressful. The perioperative setting, which is largely concealed from other health care workers and the general public, places unique physical demands on its workers. Perioperative personnel are responsible for a variety of physical tasks, including moving and positioning patients, holding extremities, and moving equipment and supplies. As the nursing workforce ages, the physical demands of the perioperative environment may affect the development of musculoskeletal disorders in older nurses. The purpose of this article is to review published research and describe the ergonomic challenges of working in the OR. There currently is a paucity of literature on the effects of ergonomic risk factors on perioperative nurses in the United States. This article also provides some recommendations for perioperative staff members and leaders that may assist them with creating and maintaining a healthy and safe work environment.
OR Traffic and Surgical Site Infections: A Quality Improvement Project
Authors: Parent Marc 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTOperating rooms are dynamic places with a lot of movement and people working as a concerted team. Operating room traffic can be necessary (eg, retrieving an unusual supply) or unnecessary (eg, a social visit). This quality improvement project aimed to reduce the amount of OR traffic to only necessary traffic and reduce the surgical site infection rates for the orthopedic ORs in a northern California community hospital. There were three principle interventions: door signs discouraging traffic, staff member relief in batches, and preference card review for accuracy. During the six‐week post‐intervention period, there were no reported surgical site infections for orthopedic procedures, and the standardized infection ratio decreased from 1.75 to 0 in 10 weeks. Operating room traffic decreased after implementation by 46.9%. The number of door openings per minute decreased from 1.96 per minute to 1.04 per minute at the project’s conclusion. Staff members’ awareness of OR traffic increased.
Design, synthesis, docking, ADMET profile, and anticancer evaluations of novel thiazolidine‐2,4‐dione derivatives as VEGFR‐2 inhibitors
Authors: El‐Adl Khaled , Sakr Helmy , El‐Hddad Sanadelaslam S. A. , El‐Helby Abdel‐Ghany A. , Nasser Mohamed , Abulkhair Hamada S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe anticancer activity of novel thiazolidine‐2,4‐diones was evaluated against HepG2, HCT‐116, and MCF‐7 cells. Among the tested cancer cell lines, HCT‐116 was the most sensitive one to the cytotoxic effect of the new derivatives. In particular, compounds 18, 11, and 10 were found to be the most potent derivatives among all the tested compounds against the HepG2, HCT‐116, and MCF‐7 cancer cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 38.76 to 53.99 µM. The most active antiproliferative derivatives (7–14 and 15–19) were subjected to further biological studies to evaluate their inhibitory potentials against VEGFR‐2. The tested compounds displayed a good‐to‐medium inhibitory activity, with IC50 values ranging from 0.26 to 0.72 µM. Among them, compounds 18, 11, and 10 potently inhibited VEGFR‐2 at IC50 values in the range of 0.26–0.29 µM, which are nearly three times that of the sorafenib IC50 value (0.10 µM). Although our derivatives showed lower activities than the reference drug, they could be useful as a template for future design, optimization, adaptation, and investigation to produce more potent and selective VEGFR‐2 inhibitors with higher anticancer analogs. The ADMET profile showed that compounds 18, 11, and 10 do not violate any of Lipinski's rules and have a comparable intestinal absorptivity in humans. Also, the new derivatives could not inhibit cytochrome P3A4. Unlike sorafenib and doxorubicin, compounds 18, 11, and 10 are expected to have prolonged dosing intervals. Moreover, compounds 10 and 18 displayed a wide therapeutic index and higher selectivity against cancer cells as compared with their cytotoxicity against normal cells.
Dietary intake and growth deficits in Rett syndrome—A cross‐section study
Authors: Wong Lee Chin , Chen Yen‐Tsz , Tsai Shu‐Mei , Lin Yen‐Ju , Hsu Chia‐Jui , Wang Hsin‐Pei , Hu Su‐Ching , Shen Hsiu‐Yu , Tsai Wen‐Che , Lee Wang‐Tso 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGrowth deficit is a common comorbidity and one of the supportive criteria in Rett syndrome (RTT). This study aimed to investigate the impact of dystonia, dietary intakes, and clinical severities on growth patterns in a Taiwanese cohort of RTT. We recruited 44 RTT patients with MECP2 mutation for analysis. For individuals ≤18 years of age, in comparison to the RTT‐specific growth chart which comprised American RTT cohort, the body height was right‐shifted to a higher percentile, whereas the body weight was left‐shifted to a lower percentile. Furthermore, the body mass index was significantly decreased when compared to RTT‐specific growth chart (p = 0.01). Higher degree of overall disease severity (odd ratio = 1.159; 95% CI = 1.063–1.264; p = 0.001) and hand use impairment (odd ratio = 2.017; 95% CI = 1.037, 3.921; p = 0.039) were associated with more severe growth patterns. All individuals had dystonia at certain variable degrees. The dystonia worsened with age (p < 0.001) but did not have significant impact on growth deficit. Most of our cohort had adequate protein (97.37%) and energy (58.97%) intakes. The fiber intakes were generally low, with about 38 (97.4%) individuals did not meet the daily reference intakes of fiber. The protein intake was significantly lower in individuals with severe growth deficit (p = 0.04). Our study shows that ethnicity should be considered when comparing RTT individuals' growth pattern to the RTT‐specific growth chart. Further, disease severity, genotypes, and nutrition exert important impacts on RTT‐growth pattern.Lay SummaryGrowth impairment is an important issue in Rett syndrome and the underlying patho‐mechanism is multifactorial. Higher degree of overall disease severity and hand use impairment were associated with more severe growth pattern deficits. Although all individuals had dystonia at certain variable degrees and the dystonia worsened with age, but it did not have significant impact on growth deficit. Nutritional intakes may partially affect growth. Furthermore, ethnicity should be considered when comparing RTT individuals' growth pattern to the RTT‐specific growth chart.
Technical and economic feasibility of an integrated ethanol and anthocyanin coproduction process using purple corn stover
Authors: Kurambhatti Chinmay , Kumar Deepak , Singh Vijay 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe coproduction of high‐value anthocyanin extract in the cellulosic ethanol process would diversify the co‐product market, increase revenue, and potentially improve the economics of the process. The high anthocyanin concentration in the cob and structural carbohydrates in residual stover make purple corn stover an attractive source for anthocyanin and ethanol coproduction. This study aimed to develop simulation models for processes integrating ethanol production and anthocyanin extraction using purple corn stover, to evaluate their techno‐economic feasibility, and to compare their performance with the conventional ethanol production process using corn stover. The annual ethanol production for plants processing 2000 MT dry feedstock / day was 148.6 million L/year for the integrated processes compared with 222.6 million L/year for the conventional process. Anthocyanin production in the modified processes using dilute acid‐based and water‐based anthocyanin extraction processes was 1779 and 1099 MT/year, respectively. Capital investments for the integrated processes ($448.1 to $443.8 million) were higher than the conventional process ($371.9 million). Due to high revenue from anthocyanin extract, the ethanol production cost for the integrated process using acid‐based anthocyanin extraction ($0.36/L) was 34.5% lower than conventional ethanol production ($0.55/L). The ethanol production cost for the integrated process using water‐based anthocyanin extraction ($0.68/L) was higher than conventional ethanol production due to low ethanol and anthocyanin yields. The minimum ethanol selling price for the integrated process using acid‐based anthocyanin extraction ($0.65/L) was also lower than the conventional process ($0.72/L), indicating an improvement in economic performance. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Flow management strategies for a connected purification process
Authors: Goebel Mathias , Rodrigues Rui , Pampel Lars , Rapp Johanna , Shultz Joseph , Cui Huanchun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper describes different flow management strategies for a connected purification process which includes two polishing steps, virus filtration and tangential flow filtration. Connecting these unit operations avoids introducing large intermediate product pool vessels in small manufacturing facilities. However, a connected‐downstream process requires an elaborate control strategy enabling multiple unit operations to function as a single unit. The key strategy to enable the connected‐downstream process is a robust management of flow disparities among unit operations. During a typical ultrafiltration step, product concentration increases as mass is added to the retentate tank, leading to a permeate flux decline. In a connected‐downstream process, the inlet stream is directly connected to the prior unit operation and any decrease in permeate flow rate could cause a flow disparity. Four different flow management approaches are proposed to manage potential flow disparities and their advantages and challenges are discussed. Bench‐scale results of these strategies are presented and evaluated.
Cyclobutadiene Rhodium Complexes as Catalysts for the Synthesis of Amides from Electron‐rich Arenes, Tosyl Azide and CO
Authors: Shvydkiy Nikita V. , Petrushina Tatiana N. , Perekalin Dmitry S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCyclobutadiene rhodium complexes [(C4R4)RhX]2 (R=Et, Ph; X=I, Cl) at 0.5 mol % loading catalyze the formation of aromatic amides from various indoles, tosyl azide, and carbon monoxide (1 atm). The reaction gives good yields of the target products (typically 60–85 %) and tolerates both donor and moderately acceptor substituents in the indoles (alkyl, OMe, Hal, COOMe, but not CN). The DFT calculations at the PBE/3ζ level revealed a new plausible mechanism for the reaction of TsN3 with CO via cycloaddition and formation of RhCON3 metallacycle, which is more favorable than the commonly assumed formation of nitrene intermediate.
Jens Weitkamp – in Memoriam
Authors: Kärger Jörg 
Published: March 2021

AbstractProf. Jens Weitkamp was a pioneer in the field of zeolite catalysis, especially for applications such as hydrocracking, isomerization, alkylation, but also selective ring opening of polynuclear aromatics. This is an extended version of the closing remarks delivered at the Symposium in honor of Professor Jens Weitkamp on February 11th, 2020, at the DECHEMA house, Frankfurt, Germany.
High‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels are associated with major adverse cardiovascular events in male but not female patients with hypertension
Authors: Wang Xiaopu , Pei Junyu , Zheng Keyang , Hu Xinqun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe relationship between high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) levels and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in hypertensive patients of different sexes is unclear.HypothesisSex differences in the relationship between HDL‐C levels and the risk of MACEs among hypertensive patients.MethodsWe performed a post‐hoc analysis of data obtained from the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) and explored sex‐based differences in the relationship between HDL‐C levels and MACEs among hypertensive patients using Cox proportional hazards regression.ResultsA total of 9323 hypertensive patients (6016 [64.53%] men and 3307 [35.47%] women) were assessed using SPRINT data. MACEs occurred in 395 (6.57%) men and 166 (5.02%) women after a mean follow‐up of 3.26 years. When HDL‐C levels were used as a continuous covariate, each 10 mg/dl increase in HDL‐C levels decreased the risk of MACEs in men (hazard ratio [HR], 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.70–0.88; p < .0001). However, HDL‐C levels were not associated with MACEs in female hypertensive patients (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.89–1.16; p = .7869). Compared with those in the first quartile, MACEs in the fourth quartile had the lowest risk among male patients (HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.41–0.82; p = .0023). Female patients in the fourth quartile of HDL‐C levels had an HR of 1.09 for MACEs (95% CI, 0.62–1.93; p = .7678). HDL‐C levels were not associated with the risk of MACEs among females.ConclusionAmong elderly hypertensive patients, higher HDL‐C levels were associated with a lower MACE incidence in men but not in women. Unique identifier: NCT01206062.
Statins and immunotherapy: Togetherness makes strength The potential effect of statins on immunotherapy for NSCLC
Authors: Rossi Alessandro , Filetti Marco , Taurelli Salimbeni Beatrice , Piras Marta , Rizzo Francesco , Giusti Raffaele , Marchetti Paolo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecent researches suggested that statins, beside their role in inhibiting endogenous cholesterol synthesis and in cardiovascular prevention, could influence several processes in cancer biology. In fact, a recent meta‐analysis demonstrated that statins could positively influence OS in lung cancer patients.AimThere is a lack of large cohort studies that could support a potential antineoplastic role of statins in clinical practice. We collected data from 162 patients treated with immunotherapy for Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) in first‐ and second‐line setting to investigate the impact of these drugs on survival parameters.Methods and ResultsIn our observational study, we enrolled 162 patients who received immunotherapy for lung cancer between October 2015 and April 2020. We used descriptive statistics to analyze patients' baseline features. Tumor response was evaluated using RECIST version 1.1 guidelines. Uni and multivariate analysis were conducted to investigate the relationship between statin use and response to immunotherapy, using the χ2‐test. We used Kaplan‐Meier curves to estimate OS and PFS in statin and nonstatin users. We included 122 patients in the final analysis. Median PFS was 17.57 months in the statin group and 9.57 months in the nonstatin group, with a P = <.001. Moreover, median OS was superior in the statin‐users group, with a statistically significant difference (19.94 vs 10.94 months, P = <.001).ConclusionAlthough in our study, statin use positively correlates with PFS and OS in lung cancer patient treated with immunotherapy, these results require a further validation with randomized clinical trials.
High step‐up dc‐dc converter based on the differential connection of basic converters and switched‐capacitor cells
Authors: de Andrade Jessika M. , Coelho Roberto F. , Lazzarin Telles B. 
Published: March 2021

SummaryThis paper proposes a differential connection between the conventional boost and the mirrored SEPIC converters and the combination of them using switched‐capacitor cells. The integration results in a single stage power structure that provides high‐voltage gain and high efficiency. The article approaches a detailed static‐dynamic analysis and a comparison in relation to other structures presented in the literature. In addition, to corroborate the theoretical analysis and the operation stages of the proposed converter, a 200 W prototype, with a switching frequency at 50 kHz, an output voltage from 300 to 400 V and an input voltage of 20 V, is evaluated. An efficiency peak of 96.78% was reached at 100 W.
A hybrid two‐stage modular DC–DC converter with zero‐voltage switching
Authors: Nazih Yousef , Hossam‐Eldin Ahmed , Elserougi Ahmed 
Published: March 2021

AbstractConventional modular multilevel converters (MMCs) are widely used in high power applications due to their various astonishing advantages; however, they fail to achieve balanced capacitor voltage in DC operation. In this paper, a hybrid two‐stage modular DC–DC converter is proposed to solve the issue of unbalanced capacitor voltages. The proposed converter consists of a single‐phase half‐bridge MMC with half‐bridge submodules followed by a medium voltage valves‐based H‐bridge rectifier. The proposed converter is used in medium‐voltage applications such as feeding a DC‐load or interconnection between two DC grids of different voltage levels. The proposed configuration achieves successful DC–DC conversion with a low number of switches, a high conversion ratio with bidirectional power flow, low current stresses, soft switching across the second stage, and low switching losses. The operational concept and the control algorithm have been illustrated in detail. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed DC–DC converter is evaluated based on simulation studies of MATLAB SIMULINK and a scaled‐down laboratory experimental test rig.