bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Kembang Bulan Leaf (Tithonia diversifolia) Ethanolic Extract to SGOT and SGPT Levels in Diabetic Rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Pamudya Wardhana Achmad Firdaus , Mustika Arifa , Kenconowungu Citrawati Dyah 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Kembang Bulan (Tithonia diversifolia) is one of Indonesian traditional medicine that contains saponins, flavonoids, and, tannins and is predicted has a lowering effect on blood-glucose. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease caused by insufficient insulin secretory by the pancreas or ineffective usage of insulin that produced by the body thus cause a hyperglycemia condition. Hyperglycemia can cause an increase in Reactive Oxygen Species which can cause free radicals. Free radicals can cause damage to liver cells.
Method: This was an experiment with posttest control group design. Samples were 40 rats, divided into five different groups (P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5). Each group were induced by multiple low doses STZ. P1 (give the extract of Tithonia diversifolia at a dose 50 mg/100 gr BB), P2 (give the extract of Tithonia diversifolia at a dose 150 mg/100 gr BB), and P3 (give the extract of Tithonia diversifolia at a dose 450 mg/100 gr BB), P4 was treated with metformin, P5 was not treated. After STZ induction and give the extract to diabetic rat model, the resulting liver cell damage will be measured using the SGOT and SGPT measurement methods.
Result: On the average results of SGOT levels in the five treatments, using the ANOVA test p value was 0.877 (p> 0.05) which means there were no significant differences. Furthermore, on the average results of SGPT levels in all five treatments, using the ANOVA test p value was 0.822 (p> 0.05) which means there were no significant differences. But from all results obtained P4 (given metformin) with the results closest to normal levels (SGOT: 197.5 ± 37.25; SGPT: 90.33 ± 29.36). From the treatment given Tithonia diversifolia extract obtained P1 (with a dose of 50 mg / 200gr BB) with the results closest to normal levels compared to P2 and P3.
Conclusion: The Extract of kembang Bulan Leaf (Tithonia diversifolia) obtained less significant results compared to the untreated group. However, there is no significant difference. And giving ethanol extract of the leaves of kembang Bulan (Tithonia diversifolia) at a dose of 50 mg / 100gr BB is the most effective way to reduce levels of SGOT and SGPT.
Health Data Disparities in Opioid-Involved Overdose Deaths From 1999 to 2018 in the United States
Authors: Milam Adam J. , Furr-Holden Debra , Wang Ling , Simon Kevin M. 
Published: June 2021

Objectives. To examine temporal trends in the classification of opioid-involved overdose deaths (OODs) and racial variation in the classification of specific types of opioids used. Methods. We analyzed OODs coded as other or unspecified narcotics from 1999 to 2018 in the United States using data from the National Vital Statistics System and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Results. The total proportion of OODs from unspecified narcotics decreased from 32.4% in 1999 to 1.9% in 2018. The proportion of OODs from unspecified narcotics among African American persons was approximately 2-fold greater than that of non-Hispanic White persons until 2012. Similarly, the proportion of OODs from unspecified narcotics among Hispanic persons was greater than that of White persons until 2015. After we controlled for death investigation system, African American persons had a higher incidence rate of OODs from unspecified narcotics compared with White persons. Conclusions. There have been significant improvements in the specification OODs over the past 20 years, and there has been significant racial disparity in the classification of OODs until about 2015. The findings suggest a health data disparity; the excessive misclassification of OODs is likely attributable to the race/ethnicity of the decedent.
Deuterium-Depleted Water Stimulates GLUT4 Translocation in the Presence of Insulin, Which Leads to Decreased Blood Glucose Concentration
Authors: Molnár Miklós , Horváth Katalin , Dankó Tamás , Somlyai Ildikó , Kovács Bea Zs , Somlyai Gábor 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Deuterium (D) is a stable isotope of hydrogen (H) with a mass number of 2. It is present in natural waters in the form of HDO, at a concentration of 16.8 mmol/L, equivalent to 150 ppm. In a phase II clinical study, deuterium depletion reduced fasting glucose concentration and insulin resistance. In this study, we tested the effect of subnormal D-concentration on glucose metabolism in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model. Animals were randomly distributed into 9 groups to test the effect of D2O (in a range of 25–150 ppm) on glucose metabolism in diabetic animals with or without insulin treatment. Serum glucose, fructose amine-, HbA1c, –insulin and urine glucose levels were monitored, respectively. After the 8-week treatment, membrane associated GLUT4 fractions from the soleus muscle were estimated by Western blot technique. Our results indicate that, in the presence of insulin, deuterium depletion markedly reduced serum levels of glucose, -fructose amine, and –HbA1c, in a dose-dependent manner. The optimal concentration of deuterium was between 125–140 ppm. After a 4-week period of deuterium depletion, the highest membrane-associated GLUT4 content was detected at 125 ppm. This data suggests that deuterium depletion dose-dependently enhances the effect of insulin on GLUT4 translocation and potentiates glucose uptake in diabetic rats, which explains the lower serum glucose, -fructose amine, and –HbA1c concentrations. Based on our experimental data, deuterium-depleted water could be used to treat patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) by increasing insulin sensitivity. These experiments indicate that naturally occurring deuterium has an impact on metabolic regulations.
Efficiency Comparison Between Dry And Humid Cultures For Clinical Outcome of The In Vitro Fertilization-Embryo Transfer
Authors: Xu Weihai , Zhang Lin , Zhang Ling , Li Shishi , Shu Jing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: In this study, we compared the in vitro embryo development, embryo transfer outcome and the offspring outcome in the in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) between dry culture (DC) and humid culture (HC). Methods: Our study was divided into two parts. Firstly, we determined the fertilization rate, cleavage rate and high-quality embryo rate from 21 cycles in the DC group (N=262 oocytes) and HC group (N=263 oocytes). Secondly, we determined the embryo transfer outcome and the offspring outcome in DC group (N=184 cycles) and HC group (N=136 cycles). Results: Compared with the HC group, significant increase was observed in the high-quality embryo rate (66.1.2% vs. 55.3%, p=0.037) and implantation rate (49.8% vs. 40.6%, p=0.027) in the DC group. No statistical differences were observed in the pregnant outcome and birth defect of the offspring (p>0.05). Compared with HC, DC was associated with a higher high-quality embryo rate and a higher implantation rate after embryo transfer. Conclusions: No statistical differences were noticed in the offspring conditions between the two culture modes. Taken together, DC may serve as a promising method for IVF-ET.
Destabilization of the Alzheimer’s Amyloid-β Peptide by a Proline-Rich β-Sheet Breaker Peptide: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study
Authors: Kanchi Pavan Krishna , Dasmahapatra Ashok Kumar 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The amyloid-β peptide exists in the form of fibrils in the plaques found in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. One of the therapeutic strategies is the design of molecules which can destabilize these fibrils. We present a designed peptide KLVFFP5 with two segments: the self-recognition sequence KLVFF and a β-sheet breaker proline pentamer. Molecular dynamics simulations and docking results showed that this peptide could bind to the protofibrils and destabilize them by establishing hydrophobic contacts and hydrogen bonds with a higher affinity than the KLVFF peptide. In the presence of the KLVFFP5 peptide the β-sheet content of the protofibrils was reduced significantly, the hydrogen bonding network and the salt bridges were disrupted to a greater extent than the KLVFF peptide. Our results indicate that the KLVFFP5 peptide is an effective β-sheet disruptor which can be considered in the therapy of Alzheimer’s disease.
Optimization of Spreading Code using Modified Differential Evolution for Wireless Communication
Authors: Kashyap Katyayani , Pathak Sunil , Yadav Narender 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Spread spectrum linked to optimization techniques play a very important role in today’s world. Optimization gives the best one among all the solutions and the spread spectrum is used to minimize distortion, hence optimized spreading code is very important in wireless communication. This study shows a comparison of two recent modified techniques of DE with the help of engineering design problems and application of that modified DE (considering the better one) in wireless communication to optimize logistic map based spreading code. A comparative study of properties of both optimized and non-optimized spreading code is also discussed in this paper. The performance of the optimized spreading code is also evaluated with the help of bit error rate (BER) by applying it in static and dynamic direct sequence spread spectrum system (DSSS). The performance of the proposed technique (optimized dynamic logistic map code based DSSS) displays better results than non-optimized spreading code and orthogonal spreading code considering BER. Therefore, the proposed method can be efficiently applied in the wireless communication system.
Clinical Spectrum and Comorbidity Pattern of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Hospitalised Children Age between 6 Months to 59 Months
Authors: Sharma Ashutosh Kumar , Das Ghanshyam , Shukla Durgesh 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of underweight children in India is the highest in the world, and is nearly double that of Sub-Saharan Africa. Poor nutrition in the first 1000 days of a child’s life leads to stunted growth, impaired cognitive ability, reduced school and work performance. The mortality rate and duration of stay in hospital with oedematous SAM has remained unacceptably high. Such high mortality in inpatients has been attributed to co-morbidities.METHOD Descriptive hospital based study was done in the Department of Paediatrics, Kamla Raja Hospital, Gwalior from October 2018 to October 2020. Children 6-59 months of age with severe acute malnutrition admitted in severe acute malnutrition treatment unit were enrolled. WHO criteria were used to define severe acute malnutrition. The quantitative variables were described as mean ± standard deviation and categorical variables were in terms of proportion.RESULT Out of 29036 children, 1020 have severe acute malnutrition, constitute prevalence of 3.51%. A total of 400 cases met eligibility criteria and exploited. Sex ratio male and female 52.5%:47.5%. The peak prevalence was found in age group between 6-12 months (55%). Anaemia (68.25%) was found to be the commonest co morbidity, and then pneumonia (17.75%) dehydration (16.5%) followed by sepsis (13.5%). Most common chief complaint was fever (69%), followed by cough (38%) and watery loose motion (38%).CONCLUSION Severe acute malnutrition remains severe public health problem and mainly affects children under 24 months. Commonest causes are poor feeding practices, improper care of sick child at home, low maternal BMI. Maternal nutrition, education, media awareness, domestic decision, adequate nutrition of the girl child, early identification of anaemia, diarrhoea, pneumonia, sepsis and comprehensive treatment can reduces the morbidity and mortality.
Investigating the Response of the Botswana High to El Niño Southern Oscillation using a Variable-Resolution Global Climate Model
Authors: Maoyi Molulaqhooa Linda , Abiodun Babatunde Joseph 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Botswana High is an important component of the regional atmospheric circulation during austral spring, summer and autumn. While the high tends to be stronger during El Niño and weaker during La Niña, its direct response to El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) remains unknown. To that end, a variable resolution global climate model (Model Prediction Across Scales version 7, hereafter MPAS) is applied with relatively high resolution (48 km grid spacing) over southern Africa and a coarser resolution (240 km grid spacing) over the rest of the globe for the study period 1980–2010. The first model experiment uses observed SSTs everywhere during the study period, while the second experiment uses observed SSTs everywhere except over the Pacific Ocean, where monthly climatological SSTs are imposed. The model results were validated against satellite data (Global Precipitation Climatology Project, GPCP), reanalysis datasets (Climate Forecast System Reanalysis, CFSR; European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts version 5, ERA5). The results of the study show that the MPAS model gives a credible simulation of the temporal variability of the Botswana High, the seasonal rainfall and 500 hPa geopotential heights over southern Africa. In the absence of ENSO forcing, the amplitude of the Botswana High variability reduces but the signal of the variability remains. Hence, this study shows that ENSO enhances the strength of the Botswana High but does not aid in the formation of the Botswana High.
Severe Neuroinflammatory Relapse after Extrauterine Pregnancy and Abortion: A Case Report on a Patient with Heterogenic MS Phenotype Carrying Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Autoantibodies
Authors: Selin Katja , Vaitiniemi Roosa , Blad Helene , Karrenbauer Virginija Danylaite 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background. Pregnancy has disease-modifying effects in MS. First trimester abortion might be followed by increased MS activity. MS with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) autoantibodies is a rare and agressive disease variant.Objectives. This case illustrates severe inflammatory reactivation after surgical abortion in MS patient who carries MOG antibodies.Methods. Case-report. Patient provided written informed consent for information and images to be published. Results. MRI and CSF biomarkers indicated high inflammatory activity post-abortion. Conclusions. Pregnancy termination in combination with MOG antibody carriership and termination of dimethyl fumarate treatment just prior abortion have had contributed to extensive reactivation of MS.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Characterizes Metabolic Differences in Cymbopogon Schoenanthus Subsp. Proximus Embryogenic and Organogenic Calli and their Regenerated Shoots
Authors: Abdelsalam Asmaa , Chowdhury Kamal , Boroujerdi Arezue , El-Bakry Ahmed 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Cymbopogon schoenanthus subsp. proximus is a threatened wild grass well known for its folk medicine uses and possesses a broad spectrum of pharmacological properties. In this study, the metabolite differences between embryogenic and organogenic calli have been characterized. Changes in the metabolome of somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis have been studied by comparing the metabolites of morphogenic calli with their respective regenerated shoots. Based on 1H and HSQC NMR data of the polar extracts, a total of 51 metabolites have been identified. Statistical analyses were performed to visualize the pattern of metabolites distribution among the studied groups. Glycolate present in organogenic calli, but not in organogenic calli. Some metabolites like glucose-6-phosphate, 4-aminobutyrate and arginine showed elevated concentrations in embryogenic calli than organogenic calli. While sucrose and myo-inositol up regulated in organogenic calli than embryogenic calli. Metabolites that marked embryogenic shoots from embryogenic calli have been described. Quantitatively, embryogenic shoots showed higher concentrations of sucrose, some amino acids, and trigonelline compared with embryogenic calli. In contrast, glucose, fructose, and arginine accumulated in embryogenic calli more than in embryogenic shoots. Likewise, metabolites characterized organogenic shoots from organogenic calli have been identified. Sucrose, several amino acids and trigonelline were detected in higher concentrations in organogenic shoots than in organogenic calli while monosaccharides and arginine accumulated in organogenic calli than in organogenic shoots. This study represents a first step towards understanding the metabolic activity of calli and shoots regenerated through different morphogenetic pathways.
Electrochemical Biosensor for Sensitive Detection of Hepatitis B in Human Plasma
Authors: Brito-Madurro Ana Graci , Castro Ana Cristina Honorato , Kochi Leandro Toshio , Flauzino José Manuel Rodrigueiro , Soares Marcia Maria Costa Nunes , Alves Valéria Almeida , Silva Luiz Antônio , Madurro João Marcos 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this work we report the construction of an electrochemical device for molecular diagnosis of hepatitis B virus in the blood plasma of infected patients, using graphite electrodes functionalized with poly(4-aminophenol) and sensitized with specific DNA probe. The recognition of genomic DNA was evaluated by electrochemical techniques (DPV and EIS) and scanning electron microscopy. The genosensor was efficient in detecting genomic DNA with a linear range from 1.176 μg.ml-1 to 4.825 μg.ml-1 and detection limit of 35.69 ng.ml-1 (4.63 UI.ml-1 or 25.93 copies.ml-1), which is better than 10.00 UI.ml-1 limit of reference method, real- time PCR, used in point of care. EIS analysis shows that the genosensor resistence increased exponentially with the concentration of the genomic DNA target. The developed platform has inherent advantages to its applicability in real samples, such as good sensitivity, selectivity, and low sample volume, being interesting for application in diagnosis of hepatitis B virus in blood plasma.
Demographic Characteristics of Population With Affinity for Wetland Settlements in Ghana.
Authors: Quagraine Victor Kwesi , Ofori-Konadu Joy , Asibey Michael Osei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Wetlands all over Africa are being unsustainably reclaimed due mostly to high rate of population growth, urbanization and rising poverty. Despite having numerous ecosystem services that are of great benefit to humanity, wetlands are among the most threatened ecosystems due to destructive anthropogenic activities. However in order to sustainably use and manage wetlands in Africa, more data must be made available for policy formulation and decision-making. Africa lacks sufficient, basic and accurate data on population demographics that have affinity to wetland settlement. Research is needed to provide this scientific basis in Africa. This study investigates the demographic characteristics of the population with affinity to wetland settlements in Ghana to also contribute in filling in the gap identified by the National Environmental Action Plan of Ghana. The questionnaire survey approach was used with a sample size of 318 residents along two rivers in Kumasi. The demographic information that characterizes wetland settlers as revealed by this study include, low incomes, high rate of unemployment and poverty and low patronization of formal education. The high percentage of those with Senior High School certificates holders at the wetlands was also alarming. The settlers were mostly young and active. However, it was also found that data on the gender, ethnicity and religion of wetland settlers must be better determined at individual localities.
Adaptive Sampling Approach Exploiting Spatio-Temporal Correlation and Residual Energy in Periodic WSN
Authors: Fattoum Marwa , Jellali Zakia , Najjar Leila 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Energy limitation is a major issue in WSN where a high volume of redundant data is collected periodically and transmitted through the network.

Therefore, efficient energy consumption is the key solution to maximize the network lifetime. This paper proposes an adaptive sampling approach based on spatio-temporal correlation of collected data and on nodes residual energy. This approach aims to optimize sampling rates of sensor nodes while ensuring a high quality of the collected data. In addition, a data reconstruction method based on linear regression is adopted in the sink to reconstruct the missing samples due to sampling rate reduction and adaptation compared to the case of a constant maximal sampling rate. We compare our approach with recently proposed adaptive sampling benchmark methods in different scenarios of data temporal correlation. Simulation results show the effectiveness of our proposed method in optimizing energy consumption by reducing sampling rate while maintaining data quality.
Air Pollution and Post-COVID-19 Work Resumption: Evidence from China
Authors: Zheng Yu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
To cope with the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), national or subnational regions have carried out anti-pandemic measures such as locking down, which may improve their air quality. This paper examines the relation between air pollution and work resumption from a novel post-pandemic perspective. Using unique data on detailed industrial electricity consumption in China, this paper doesn't find a positive relation between post-COVID-19 work resumption and air pollution during the early-stage recovery. This result is obtained after controlling for province and date fixed effects, as well as local weather conditions. However, the positive relation is found for a particular subsample of large industrial enterprises and April. This finding indicates that large industrial enterprises may recover first, and the resumption is progressing gradually. Finally, several policy implications are provided, which are essentially helpful for other countries’ post-pandemic recovery.
Meta-Analysis of Synovial Fluid Polymerase Chain Reaction for Diagnosing Periprosthetic Hip and Knee Infection
Authors: Li Cheng , Li Hao , Yang Xue , Zhu Fang-Zheng , Xu Chi , Trampuz Andrej 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to estimate the diagnostic performance of synovial fluid polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in periprosthetic hip and knee infection, and whether synovial fluid PCR has greater diagnostic significance than conventional methods.METHODS: The literature databases PubMed, Scopus, and the Web of Science were searched for English articles describing periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) diagnosis by synovial fluid PCR. Articles were limited to the period between January 1990 and December 2019. Subsequently, conventional methods that were used on at least two occasions were included for further analysis. Data analysis was performed using the Meta-DiSc and Stata software.RESULTS: Eleven studies with 1360 cases were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of synovial fluid PCR were 0.70 (95% CI: 0.66–0.74), 0.92 (95% CI: 0.90–0.93), and 37.4 (95% CI: 17.77–78.74), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Synovial fluid PCR can be used as a diagnostic confirmatory method for PJI in cases of negative synovial fluid culture with highly suspected infection during the early stages.