bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HUMBOLDT AND METABIOGRAPHY
Authors: Rupke Nicolaas 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTIn the wake of contemporary anxieties about climate change and environmental degradation, biographers of Alexander von Humboldt have sought inspiration from his life as an explorer, a plant geographer and a scientific writer. A ‘green Humboldt’ has emerged, to many a key thinker on the environment, to some the founding father of modern environmentalism. During earlier times and in separate places, in the course of the nearly 200‐year tradition of Humboldt biography, different – even very different – biographical traits have been highlighted, different narratives have been produced, each related to contemporaneous predilections and preoccupations. Does this mean that in telling Humboldt's life – or in telling scientific lives more generally – ‘anything goes’? Are we ‘telling it as we like it’ or ‘telling it like it is’? Can we have ‘lives after death’, that is, a plurality of biographical Humboldts, suited to distinct times, places and concerns and yet, for each of them, lay claim to authenticity? The genre of metabiography systematically engages with questions such as these and recognises the possible historical validity of multiple appropriations and Humboldt reincarnations, aka avatars. This article traces the recent emergence of scientific metabiography, and discusses some of the points that are being made pro and con.
Measurement and analysis of neighborhood congestion: Evidence from sidewalk pedestrian traffic and walking speeds
Authors: Gabe Todd 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRegional scientists and planners are interested in congestion, both vehicular and pedestrian. This paper examines pedestrian congestion on sidewalks in the tourism district of Bar Harbor, Maine, with a focus on the effects of cruise passengers. The analysis considers pedestrian counts and the effects of passengers on walking speeds. Cruise passengers increase sidewalk pedestrian traffic overall, but the effects on walking speeds are mixed. For both indicators of sidewalk congestion, cruise passenger impacts decrease at greater distances from the passenger point‐of‐entry into Bar Harbor. The methods presented in the paper can be applied to sidewalk congestion related to a wide range of facilities and events (e.g., transportation hubs, museums and concert halls, sporting events, large pilgrimage events).
Clinical features, disease progression, and use of healthcare resources in a large sample of 866 patients from 24 headache centers: A real‐life perspective from the Italian chROnic migraiNe (IRON) project
Authors: Barbanti Piero , Fofi Luisa , Grazzi Licia , Vernieri Fabrizio , Camarda Cecilia , Torelli Paola , Cevoli Sabina , Russo Antonio , Bono Francesco , Finocchi Cinzia , Rao Renata , Messina Stefano , De Simone Roberto , Vanacore Nicola , Bonassi Stefano ,   IRON Study Group
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a dedicated Italian chronic migraine (CM) database (IRON project) to overcome disease misconceptions, improve clinical administration, reduce patients’ burden, and rationalize economic resource allotment.BackgroundProper CM management requires a comprehensive appraisal of its full clinical, social, and economic complexity.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, CM patients were screened in 24 certified headache centers with face‐to‐face interviews. Information on sociodemographic factors, medical history, characteristics of CM, and of prior episodic migraine (EM), and healthcare resource use was gathered using a semistructured web‐based questionnaire.ResultsA total of 866 CM patients were enrolled. CM started ~20 years after EM onset (age at EM onset 17.4 ± 9.1 vs. age at CM onset 35.3 ± 12.5 [mean ± SD]). CM prophylaxis, used by 430/866 (49.6%) of the patients, was often ineffective, not tolerated, and prematurely discontinued. Medications and diagnostic workup, frequently inappropriate, were mostly subsidized by the Italian national health service. CM patients with ≥25 headache days/month revealed substantial clinical differences and heavier disability and economic burden compared with those with <25 headache days/month.ConclusionsCM is a heterogeneous headache disorder deserving more in‐depth clinical characterization, sharper diagnostic criteria, and tailored treatments. CM registries are expected to improve clinical management, resulting in increased disease awareness, better healthcare resource allocation, and reduced economic burden.
Novel artificial intelligent/neural network system for staging of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Okanoue Takeshi , Shima Toshihide , Mitsumoto Yasuhide , Umemura Atsushi , Yamaguchi Kanji , Itoh Yoshito , Yoneda Masato , Nakajima Atsushi , Mizukoshi Eishiro , Kaneko Shuichi , Harada Kenichi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimTo develop a novel noninvasive test using an artificial intelligence (AI)/neural network (NN) system (named Fibro‐Scope) to determine the fibrosis stage in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).MethodsThree hundred twenty‐four and 110 patients with histologically diagnosed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were enrolled for training and validation studies, respectively. Two independent pathologists histologically diagnosed patients with NAFLD for the validation study. Fibro‐Scope was undertaken using 12 items: age, sex, height, weight, waist circumference, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, γ‐glutamyl transferase, cholesterol, triglyceride, platelet count, and type 4 collagen 7s.ResultsDifferentiation of F0 versus F1–4 using the Fibro‐Scope revealed 99.5% sensitivity, 90.9% specificity, 97.4% positive predictive value, and 98.0% negative predictive value in a training study with gray zone analysis, which was also effective in the analysis without gray zone. Discrimination was also excellent when comparing F0–1 versus F2–4 and F0–2 versus F3–4. In a validation study with gray zone analysis, differentiation of F0 from F1–4 using Fibro‐Scope was also excellent. The discrimination of F0–1 from F2–4 using Fibro‐Scope with gray zone analysis showed over 80% sensitivity and specificity in the histological diagnosis of both pathologists, but was lower without the gray zone analysis. The discrimination of F0–2 from F3–4 was effective in the analysis with gray zone; however, their sensitivity and specificity were slightly inferior in the analysis without gray zone.ConclusionsArtificial intelligence/neural network algorithms termed Fibro‐Scope are easy to use and can accurately differentially diagnose minimal, moderate, and advanced fibrosis. Fibro‐Scope will promote rapid NASH diagnosis and facilitate diagnosing the fibrosis stage in NASH.
The effect of a basic skin care product on the structural strength of the dermo‐epidermal junction: An exploratory, randomised, controlled split‐body trial
Authors: El Genedy‐Kalyoncu Monira , Richter Claudia , Surber Christian , Blume‐Peytavi Ulrike , Kottner Jan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSkin ageing is associated with various structural alterations including a decreased strength of the dermo‐epidermal adhesion increasing the risk for shear type injuries (skin tears). Topical applications of basic skin care products seem to reduce skin tear incidence. The suction blister method leads to the artificial and controlled separation of dermis and epidermis. Therefore, time to blister formation may be used as outcome measuring the strength of dermo‐epidermal adhesion. We conducted an exploratory, randomised, controlled trial with a split‐body design on forearms in healthy female subjects (n = 12; mean age 70.3 [SD 2.1] years). Forearms assigned to the intervention were treated twice daily with petrolatum for 8 weeks. Suction blisters were induced on forearms after 4 and 8 weeks and time to blister formation was measured. Stratum corneum and epidermal hydration were measured and epidermal thickness was assessed via optical coherence tomography. Time to blistering was longer and stratum corneum as well as epidermal hydration was consistently higher in intervention skin areas. We conclude that topical application of basic skin care products may improve mechanical adhesion of the dermo‐epidermal junction and that the parameter “time to blistering” is a suitable outcome to measure dermo‐epidermal adhesion strength in clinical research.
Examining the impact of Diabetes Inpatient Specialist Nursing in acute trusts in London
Authors: Lawler Jessica , Cook Robert , Dosanj Ravinder , Trevatt Paul , Leary Alison 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsTo examine if the introduction of Diabetes Inpatient Specialist Nurses impacted on length of stay and rates of readmission.DesignKnowledge discovery through data mining as part of a larger realist evaluation of the role.MethodsData from January 2017 to January 2019 was extracted and examined. A subset of performance data from July 2017–November 2018 was analysed. This consisted of 7320 records for Hospital Episode Statistics and 272 incident reports (Datix). The data were analysed via Generalised Linear Model regression routines in R. Analysis of readmission rates utilized binary logistic regression, while for the Length of Stay a count regression method was employed.ResultsFour trusts were found to have complete and rich data sets. All Trusts that returned complete data were found to have varying decreased length of stay and reduced readmission rates. In two trusts there were significant decreases in patient readmissions and length of stay after the introduction of the Diabetes Inpatient Specialist Nurses. A marked decrease (approximately half) in patient length of stay was found in one London trust after the introduction of the post. Issues with data quality were noted.ConclusionReduced patient length of stay and rate of readmission were found since introduction of Diabetes Specialist Nurses. Patient safety data was incomplete and varied significantly between trusts.ImpactThe project sought to understand the impact of employing Diabetes Inpatient Specialist Nurses in hospitals in London. Overall, the specialist nurses helped reduce length of stay and the rate of readmissions. The research will have an impact on the workforce in diabetes and also people with diabetes who need hospital care.
Play interactions of parents toward children with autism spectrum disorder: NeuroPLAY parent play behavior assessment scale
Authors: Gürkan Tazegül Elif N. , Kutlu Konuk Feyza , Aksu Şerife S. , Unay Öykü S. , Yıldız Bıçakçı Müdriye , Ekici Barış , Tatlı Burak 
Published: June 2021

AbstractProblemThe aim of this study is to analyze the changes that NeuroPLAY, which is an intensive early intervention method for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and ages of 12–42 months, has created in the play skills of the parents of children with ASD by using method strategies.MethodsThe study cohort includes 91 children ages ranging from 18 to 42 months old. The study is designed for repetitive measurements performed pre‐ and post‐intervention. Within the scope of the study, children's ASD symptoms were evaluated with the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and changes in the play skills of parents were evaluated using NeuroPLAY Parental Play Behavior Assessment Scale (NPPBAS).ResultsThe NPPBAS score at the beginning of the intervention was 12.55; repeated measurements (46.22 after 3 months, 45.95 after 6 months, and 48.53 after 12 months) were observed to increase core. The older age of the parents in the intervention program is associated with lower final NPPBAS scores. However, it was determined that the CARS score, which is an indicator of the autism spectrum, will decrease after intervention regardless of the parents' age.ConclusionThe results showed that NeuroPLAY led to significant improvement in play behaviors of the parents.
Analysis of mental health symptoms and insomnia levels of intensive care nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic with a structural equation model
Authors: Kandemir Didem , Temiz Zeynep , Ozhanli Yasemin , Erdogan Hatice , Kanbay Yalcin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundFaced with this critical situation and directly involved in the treatment and care of COVID‐19 patients, front‐line healthcare workers are at high risk in terms of mental health symptoms.Aims and ObjectivesTo determine the stress, anxiety, depression, and insomnia levels of intensive care nurses during the pandemic with a structural equation model.DesignA multi‐site survey study.MethodsThe study was performed with 194 nurses working in the intensive care units of five hospitals in Istanbul in July 2020. Data were collected using the Depression Anxiety Stress‐21 Scale and Insomnia Severity Index electronically. The data were evaluated with descriptive statistics in SPSS package program. In order to test the structural model and hypotheses of the research, path analysis was performed with LISREL statistical software program. A validation study for the suitability of these scales to the study sample was done by the researchers using the confirmatory factor analysis method. The study conforms to the TREND checklist.ResultsIn this study, the majority of the intensive care nurses had moderate to extremely severe depression (65.5%), anxiety (58.3%) and stress (72.3%) scores; in addition, 39.7% of the nurses experienced moderate or severe insomnia. Within the framework of a structural model; the effects of stress, anxiety and insomnia on depression, which is the dependent variable, were found to be statistically significant (p < .001).ConclusionsIt was found that the majority of the intensive care nurses fighting COVID‐19 on the front‐line experienced stress, anxiety, depression and insomnia at levels ranging from moderate to extremely severe; in addition, it was determined that there is a positive relationship between stress, anxiety, insomnia and depression.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study, in which we have determined the mental health symptoms and insomnia levels of intensive care nurses, who are in the front‐line during the COVID‐19 pandemic, constitutes the scientific basis for the effective coping strategies that the authorities will take in this subject.
The economics of diversity: Innovation, productivity and the labour market
Authors: Ozgen Ceren 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe empirical evidence on the economic impacts of diversity is mixed. Many studies in the literature present context‐dependent and data‐driven results which are challenging to reconcile with each other. This paper offers a systematic synthesis of the empirical findings on the economic impacts of diversity on innovation, productivity and the labour market. It presents a structured framework which takes the spatial scale of the analysis in the papers as a reference to understand the inconsistency of some previous predictions and the varying magnitudes of the diversity impact. The empirical findings reconcile more meaningfully when diversity effects are documented discretely at the regional, firm and individual levels. The paper further sets out an agenda for future research and links the findings for policy relevance.
Manometric parameters, when measured with the 3‐dimensional high‐definition anorectal manometry probe, poorly predict prolonged balloon expulsion time
Authors: Woo Matthew , Pandey Armaan , Gill Harman , Li Dorothy , Buresi Michelle , Nasser Yasmin , Sawhney Summit , Andrews Christopher N. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere are little data evaluating the performance of the 3‐dimensional high‐definition anorectal manometry (3D‐HDAM) system in the diagnosis of dyssynergic defecation. Physical properties of the thicker, rigid, 3D‐HDAM probe may have implications on the measurements of anorectal pressures.AimOur aim was to compare 3D‐HDAM to balloon expulsion test and magnetic resonance (MR) defecography.MethodsConsecutive constipated patients referred for anorectal function testing at the Calgary Gut Motility Centre (Calgary, Canada) between 2014 and 2019 were assessed. All patients underwent anorectal manometry with the 3D‐HDAM probe, and a subset underwent BET or MR defecography. Anorectal manometric variables were compared between patients who had normal and abnormal BET.ResultsOver the study period, 81 patients underwent both 3D‐HDAM and BET for symptoms of constipation. 52 patients expelled the balloon within 3 minutes. Patients with abnormal BET had significantly lower rectoanal pressure differential (RAPD) (−61 vs. −31 mmHg for normal BET,p = 0.03) and defecation index (0.29 vs. 0.56, p = 0.03). On logistic regression analysis, RAPD (OR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.97–0.99, p = 0.03) remained a negative predictor of abnormal BET. On ROC analysis, RAPD had an AUC of 0.65. There was good agreement between dyssynergic patterns on 3D‐HDAM and defecographic evidence of dyssynergia (sensitivity 80%, specificity 90%, PLR 9, NLR 0.22, accuracy 85%).ConclusionsManometric parameters, when measured with the 3D‐HDAM probe, poorly predict prolonged balloon expulsion time. RAPD remains the best predictor of prolonged balloon expulsion time. The 3D‐HDAM probe may not be the ideal tool to diagnose functional defecatory disorders.
Exercise vs Conventional Treatment for Treatment of Primary Osteoporosis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Yan Yan , Tan Biao , Fu Fanyu , Chen Qianglong , Li Wenlong , Chen Weiheng , He Haijun 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivePhysical exercise has obvious effects on bone loss, pain relief, and improvement of bone metabolism indexes in patients with osteoporosis, but currently lacks sufficient evidence. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to synthesize and present the best available evidence on the effectiveness and safety of exercises in the treatment of primary osteoporosis.MethodsPublications pertaining to the effectiveness of exercise on bone mineral density (BMD), visual analog scores (VAS), and biochemical markers of bone metabolism in primary osteoporosis (POP) from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, VIP, CNKI, and Wanfang Database were retrieved from their inception to April 2020.ResultsA total of 20 studies with 1824 participants were included. The results of the meta‐analysis revealed that exercise therapy for lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD is statistically different from conventional therapy (lumbar spine BMD: SMD = 0.78, 95%CI: 0.46, 1.10, P < 0.00001, I2 = 85%; femoral neck BMD (SMD = 0.80, 95%CI: 0.34, 1.27, P = 0.0007, I2 = 88%), exercise therapy can significantly increase the lumbar spine BMD of patients with OP, especially in lumbar spine2‐4 BMD (SMD = 0.47; 95%CI: 0.20, 0.75; P = 0.0008; I2 = 69%). Compared with conventional treatment, kinesitherapy also has significant differences in alleviating the pain of POP patients (SMD = −1.39, 95%CI: −2.47,−0.31, P = 0.01, I2 = 97%). Compared with conventional therapy, kinesitherapy has no significant difference in improving biochemical markers of bone metabolism such as bone glaprotein (BGP) (SMD = 2.59, 95%CI:0.90, 4.28, P = 0.003, I2 = 98%), N‐terminal pro peptide of type I procollagen (PINP) (SMD = 0.77, 95%CI: −0.44 to 1.98, P = 0.21, I2 = 95%), serum phosphorus (SMD = 0.04, 95%CI: −0.13, 0.22, P = 0.61, I2 = 30%), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (SMD = −0.08, 95%CI: −0.44, 0.27, P = 0.64, I2 = 76%), and serum calcium (SMD = 0.12, 95%CI: −0.18, 0.43, P = 0.42, I2 = 63%) in POP patients.ConclusionsKinesitherapy significantly improved lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD, and relieve the pain of patients in the current low‐quality evidence. Additional high‐quality evidence is required to confirm the effect of exercise therapy on the biochemical markers of bone metabolism in POP patients.
Chemical and cultural control of Ipomoea hederacea var. integriuscula in narrow‐row soybean in southwestern Japan
Authors: Asami Hidenori , Tachibana Masaaki , Homma Koki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn Japan, the spread of morning glory (Ipomoea spp.) in soybean fields has become a serious issue. To establish a control approach for Ipomoea species, this study considered the optimal system combining cultural and chemical control methods. Field experiments were conducted for 3 years to investigate the effects of no‐tillage compared with tillage seeding in narrow‐row soybean and of application timing of selective post‐emergence herbicides bentazone and fluthiacet‐methyl. The cumulative emergence of entireleaf morning glory (Ipomoea hederacea [L.] Jacq. var. integriuscula A. Gray) in no‐tillage was 25–79% of that in tillage, and the initial growth was suppressed. In no‐tillage, the dry matter weight of I. hederacea var. integriuscula was suppressed compared to tillage methods. However, in no‐tillage, initial soybean growth was inferior, and reduction of the relative photosynthetic photon flux density (RPPFD) in the soybean canopy was delayed. A combination of selective post‐emergence herbicide applications at the second and fourth trifoliate leaf stages (TLS) of soybean was most effective in I. hederacea var. integriuscula suppression. The initial growth of soybean greatly fluctuated yearly, and the period when the RPPFD became less than 50% varied at the fourth through seventh TLS. Therefore, if the initial soybean growth is good, the end of the required period for weed control can be defined as the fourth TLS. No‐tillage cultivation combined with management to promote soybean growth, such as adequate soil moisture control by subirrigation systems, may be effective in controlling I. hederacea var. Integriuscula.
An Adaptive Model Predictive Control Scheme for Energy-Efficient Control of Building HVAC Systems
Authors: Zeng Tingting , Barooah Prabir 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
An autonomous adaptive model predictive control (MPC) architecture is presented for control of heating, ventilation, and air condition (HVAC) systems to maintain indoor temperature while reducing energy use. Although equipment use and occupant changes with time, existing MPC methods are not capable of automatically relearning models and computing control decisions reliably for extended periods without intervention from a human expert. We seek to address this weakness. Two major features are embedded in the proposed architecture to enable autonomy: (i) a system identification algorithm from our prior work that periodically re-learns building dynamics and unmeasured internal heat loads from data without requiring re-tuning by experts. The estimated model is guaranteed to be stable and has desirable physical properties irrespective of the data; (ii) an MPC planner with a convex approximation of the original nonconvex problem. The planner uses a descent and convergent method, with the underlying optimization problem being feasible and convex. A yearlong simulation with a realistic plant shows that both of the features of the proposed architecture—periodic model and disturbance update and convexification of the planning problem—are essential to get performance improvement over a commonly used baseline controller. Without these features, long-term energy savings from MPC can be small while with them, the savings from MPC become substantial.
Slab-derived sulfate generates oxidized basaltic magmas in the southern Cascade arc (California, USA)
Authors: Muth Michelle J. , Wallace Paul J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Whether and how subduction increases the oxidation state of Earth's mantle are two of the most important unresolved questions in solid Earth geochemistry. Using data from the southern Cascade arc (California, USA), we show quantitatively for the first time that increases in arc magma oxidation state are fundamentally linked to mass transfer of isotopically heavy sulfate from the subducted plate into the mantle wedge. We investigate multiple hypotheses related to plate dehydration and melting and the rise and reaction of slab melts with mantle peridotite in the wedge, focusing on electron balance between redox-sensitive iron and sulfur during these processes. These results show that unless slab-derived silicic melts contain much higher dissolved sulfur than is indicated by currently available experimental data, arc magma generation by mantle wedge melting must involve multiple stages of mantle metasomatism by slab-derived oxidized and sulfur-bearing hydrous components.