bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tobacco Harm Reduction Model Using SAST and ECM
Authors: Kholil . , Alifahmi Hifni , Bimo Ario 
Published: November 2021

Cigarettes is related with culture and people's behavior.In almost all countries it has become a serious problem because of its negative impact on health, but the number of smokers increasing year by year. In fact, the community has considered it as a lifestyle, social intimacy (social behaviour), and some even have made it part of certain traditional ceremonies, So behavioral change is an important thing to stop smoking or reduce the danger of negative impact of smoking. The main problem is how to change community behavioral to reduce negative impact of cigaret?
This research aimed to identify and analyze the factors that caused a person to be active smoker, and what is the most appropriate strategy to reduce the negative impacts of smoking according to the real condition. The method used was the combination of inductive and deductive approaches. Data collection via questionnare and experts discussion. The analysis used were SAST and ECM . The analysis results showed there are three main factors to stop smoking : health, economic reasons, and family encouragement. While the best strategy to reduce negative impact of cigarette is government affirmative policy and building hexa helix collaboration involving business actors, academics, government, society, market and the media.
Evaluation of the Bacteriological and Physicochemical Qualities of Some Brands of Bottled Water Sold in Owerri, Imo State
Authors: Onyekachi Kingsley Kelechi , Dike-Ndudim Joy Nkeiruka , Anikwo Emeka Simon , Winners Ndubueze Chizaram 
Published: November 2021

This work was carried out in order to detect the presence of bacterial agent in the bottled water samples, and to evaluate the physicochemical qualities of these bottled water. Twenty samples selected from four different brands of bottled water sold in Owerri, were examined to determine their bacteriological and physicochemical qualities. Bacteriological analyses using Membrane filtration technique was carried out to determine the heterotrophic bacteria, total coliform and fecal coliform counts. Physicochemical qualities were also determined using standard methods. The heterotrophic bacterial count ranged from 0.00 to 12.00 CFU/ml, total coliform count ranged from 0.00 to 7.50 coliform/100ml. There was absence of fecal coliform in the samples. The pH, Color, Turbidity and Conductivity of the samples ranged from 5.18 to 7.28, 0.00 to 18.00 PCU, 0.55 to 1.62 NTU and 16.00 to 262.00 µs/cm respectively. The Chloride, Iron and Nitrite content of the samples ranged from 16.99 to 27.98 mg/L, 0.01 to 0.07 mg/L Fe, and 0.00 to 0.34 mg/L respectively. The bacterial species isolated belong to the genera Staphylococcus, Proteus, Klebsiella, Bacillus and Escherichia. Quality wise, most of the water samples met the XYZ standard for bacteriological and physicochemical quality for drinking water with the exception of few. It can be deduced from this study, that none of the bottled water is suitable for drinking with regards to the bacteriological and physicochemical parameters tested. Though some samples passed the bacteriological examination, most of them were acidic and therefore not safe for consumption.
Reduced Spin‐Orbit Torque Switching Current by Voltage‐Controlled Easy‐Cone States
Authors: Jeong Jimin , Kang Min‐Gu , Lee Soogil , Kang Jaimin , Lee Kyung‐Jin , Park Byong‐Guk 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSpin‐orbit torque (SOT) promises fast and reliable switching of the perpendicular magnetization in spintronic devices, such as magnetic random‐access memory or spin logic devices. To apply the SOT technology to practical devices with low power consumption, it is necessary to reduce the switching current. To this end, most of the research to date in this area has focused on improving the charge‐to‐spin conversion efficiency in heavy metal/ferromagnet structures. In this study, it is reported that the SOT switching current is significantly reduced by modulating magnetic easy‐cone states through voltage‐controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA). The introduction of a thin Pt layer at the CoFeB/MgO interface enhances the VCMA effect, allowing a magnetic easy‐cone state of CoFeB to be formed and controlled by the gate voltage. As a result, the SOT switching current density is reduced by up to 50% when the easy‐cone angle is changed from 0° to 58°. Furthermore, the magnetic easy‐cone state is gradually modulated in a reversible and non‐volatile manner, facilitating multilevel spintronic devices.
A New Insight into Ultrastable Zn Metal Batteries Enabled by In Situ Built Multifunctional Metallic Interphase
Authors: Ouyang Kefeng , Ma Dingtao , Zhao Ning , Wang Yanyi , Yang Ming , Mi Hongwei , Sun Lingna , He Chuanxin , Zhang Peixin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDendrite growth and parasitic side reactions are thorny issues that seriously damage the anode–electrolyte interface during Zn plating/stripping process, leading to uncontrollable Zn deposition and restraining application of aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (AZIBs). Here, a unique facile strategy to in situ build indium (In) metal interphase on the Zn anode is first proposed. The combination of experimental and theoretical investigations demonstrate that such metallic interphase prevents the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and Zn corrosion, and guides preferential growth along the Zn(002) plane to achieve smooth Zn deposition. As a result, the modified Zn anodes achieve the ultrahigh cumulative capacities of 5600 and 5000 mAh cm−2 at the high current densities of 2 and 5 mA cm−2, respectively, demonstrating an ultrastable plating/stripping behavior. More encouragingly, the rate performance and cyclic stability of the Zn–V2O5 battery with the electrolyte additive can still deliver a specific capacity of 383.6 mAh g−1 after 5000 cycles at the high current density of 5 A g−1. The strategy presented here as well as the in‐depth understanding of modified mechanism can not only provide an effective solution to address the Zn anode concerns, but also deepen the understanding of AZIBs.
Magnetic Gold Nanoparticles with Idealized Coating for Enhanced Point‐Of‐Care Sensing
Authors: Gessner Isabel , Park Jin‐Ho , Lin Hsing‐Ying , Lee Hakho , Weissleder Ralph 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMagnetic nanoparticles with hybrid sensing functions are in wide use for bioseparation, sensing, and in vivo imaging. Yet, nonspecific protein adsorption to the particle surface continues to present a technical challenge and diminishes the theoretical protein detection capabilities. Here, a magneto‐plasmonic nanoparticle synthesis is developed that minimizes nonspecific protein adsorption. Building on the success of zwitterionic polymers, a highly stable and anergic nanomaterial, magnetic gold nanoparticles with idealized coating (MAGIC) is obtained with significantly lower serum protein adsorption compared to control nanoparticles coated with commonly used polymers (polyethylene glycol, polyethylenimine, or polyallylamine hydrochloride). MAGIC nanoparticles are able to sense specific bladder cancer biomarkers at low levels and in the presence of other proteins. This strategy may find wide spread applications for in vitro and in vivo sensing as well as isolations.
Pore‐ and Heteroatom‐Controlled Superabsorbent‐Resin‐Derived Carbon Aerogels for Supercapacitors via Adjusting the Methylene Blue Concentration
Authors: Dai Zhong , Ren Peng‐Gang , Chen Zhengyan , Guo Zhengzheng , Hou Xin , He Wenwei , Jin Yanling , Ren Fang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe porous structure and heteroatom doping are crucial for the electrochemical performance of carbon materials for supercapacitors. However, designing carbon materials with appropriate pore sizes and heteroatom content is still facing daunting challenges. Herein, simultaneous regulation of porous structure and heteroatom doping in superabsorbent resin (SAR)‐based activated carbon aerogels (SACAs) is implemented by facilely immersing superabsorbent resin in methylene blue (MB) solution with different concentrations, and then followed by freeze‐drying and carbonization. The resulting SACAs possess variable oxygen/nitrogen/sulfur elements, adjustable high specific surface area, abundant micro–mesopores, and controllable porous structure. Hence, the assembled symmetric supercapacitors exhibit an excellent rate capacity of 83%, a superior energy density of 24.58 Wh kg−1 at the power density of 400 W kg−1, as well as a satisfactory energy density of 20.84 Wh kg−1 at the power density of 4000 W kg−1. Furthermore, outstanding cycling stability (94.59% retention) and high Coulombic efficiency (average value over 97%) are achieved for the supercapacitors after 10 000 cycles. This work broadens a new avenue to design the appropriate pore structure and heteroatom doping of carbon materials for high‐performance supercapacitors.
Ultrasound Mediated Cellular Deflection Results in Cellular Depolarization
Authors: Vasan Aditya , Orosco Jeremy , Magaram Uri , Duque Marc , Weiss Connor , Tufail Yusuf , Chalasani Sreekanth H , Friend James 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUltrasound has been used to manipulate cells in both humans and animal models. While intramembrane cavitation and lipid clustering have been suggested as likely mechanisms, they lack experimental evidence. Here, high‐speed digital holographic microscopy (kiloHertz order) is used to visualize the cellular membrane dynamics. It is shown that neuronal and fibroblast membranes deflect about 150 nm upon ultrasound stimulation. Next, a biomechanical model that predicts changes in membrane voltage after ultrasound exposure is developed. Finally, the model predictions are validated using whole‐cell patch clamp electrophysiology on primary neurons. Collectively, it is shown that ultrasound stimulation directly defects the neuronal membrane leading to a change in membrane voltage and subsequent depolarization. The model is consistent with existing data and provides a mechanism for both ultrasound‐evoked neurostimulation and sonogenetic control.
Epitope screening using Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry (HDX‐MS): An accelerated workflow for evaluation of lead monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Zhu Shaolong , Liuni Peter , Chen Tricia , Houy Camille , Wilson Derek J. , James D. Andrew 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundEpitope mapping is an increasingly important aspect of biotherapeutic and vaccine development. Recent advances in therapeutic antibody design and production have enabled candidate mAbs to be identified at a rapidly increasing rate, resulting in a significant bottleneck in the characterization of “structural” epitopes, that are challenging to determine using existing high throughput epitope mapping tools. Here, a Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry (HDX‐MS) epitope screening workflow was introduced that is well suited for accelerated characterization of epitopes with a common antigen.Main methods and major resultsThe method is demonstrated on set of six candidate mAbs targeting Pertactin (PRN). Using this approach, five of the six epitopes were unambiguously determined using two HDX mixing timepoints in 24 h total run time, which is equivalent to the instrument time required to map a single epitope using the conventional workflow.ConclusionAn accelerated HDX‐MS epitope screening workflow was developed. The “screening” workflow successfully characterized five (out of six attempted) novel epitopes on the PRN antigen; information that can be used to support vaccine antigenicity assays.
Recent research trends in fluorescent reporters‐based lateral flow immunoassay for protein biomarkers specific to acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Supianto Mulya , Lee Hye Jin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA rapid and sensitive method is urgently required for the detection of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), a major cause of death globally. As a user‐friendly diagnostic platform, the lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) has been considered as a rapid and low‐cost tool for point‐of‐care testing. Among the available LFIAs, fluorescent nanoparticles have been widely used as reporters to improve the sensitivity of detection targets. This review describes the basic principle of fluorescence‐based LFIA and various fluorescent nanoparticles used as a signal readout. Recently, various studies on fluorescent reporters‐based LFIAs for diagnosing potential AMI have been outlined by determining the level of AMI‐specific protein biomarkers, including cardiac troponins I and T, heart‐type fatty acid‐binding protein, myoglobin, brain natriuretic peptide, suppression of tumorigenicity 2, creatine kinase‐MB, and C‐reactive protein. The challenges of the used fluorescent reporters in LFIA are discussed to achieve affordable and excellent performances for clinical applications.
Do nonalignable attributes count to consumers? How identity breadth affects diagnosticity of attributes alignability
Authors: Sun Jin , Yan Qin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHow to gain consumers' attention to nonalignable attributes, which are difficult to process while representing a large amount of R&D investment by companies, has been the subject of much attention and research. To date, prior research has investigated some contextual and cognitive factors in the effect of attribute alignablity on consumer choice, while the impact of consumers' social identity on their willingness to process nonalignable attributes remains to be examined. We propose that individuals whose broad identity is activated are more innovative than those whose narrow identity is activated, which may lead them to rely more on nonalignable product attributes when making comparative decisions. Furthermore, consumers with lower confidence are uncertain about their decisions and are motivated to evaluate nonalignable product attributes. However, confident consumers feel more certain about their decisions and are less motivated to process complex product information. Our results suggest that broad‐identity‐activated consumers' preference for nonalignable attributes is attenuated when they are highly confident. Narrow‐identity‐activated individuals' preference for alignable attributes is decreased when they are in low confidence. The results help us understand whether confidence will enhance or decrease consumers' motivation to process product attributes information.
The effects of okadaic acid‐treated SH‐SY5Y cells on microglia activation and phagocytosis
Authors: Amonruttanapun Prateep , Chongthammakun Sukumal , Chamniansawat Siriporn 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe activation of microglia is found to be associated with neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Several studies have shown that okadaic acid (OA) induced deposition of tau hyperphosphorylation, and subsequent neuronal degeneration, loss of synapses, and memory impairment, all of which resemble the pathology of AD. Although OA is a powerful tool available for mechanisms of the neurotoxicity associated with AD, the exact mechanism underlying the activation of microglial cells remains unrevealed. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of both OA and OA‐treated neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells on microglial HAPI cell viability, activation, and phagocytosis. The results showed that both OA and OA‐treated neurons did not induce any detectable cytotoxicity of microglial cells. Furthermore, incubation with OA‐treated SH‐SY5Y cells could increase the expression of ionized calcium‐binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) on microglial HAPI cells. This result indicated that OA may induce microglial activation through the toxicity of neurons. Moreover, we also demonstrated that OA‐treated SH‐SY5Y cells were engulfed by CD11b/c‐labeled microglial HAPI cells, which were abolished after treatment with 10 mM O‐phospho‐
l‐serine (
L‐SOP) for 30 min before co‐culture with OA‐treated SH‐SY5Y cells, indicating cells experiencing phagocytic activity. We also confirmed that OA treatment for 24 h significantly increased tau hyperphosphorylation at S396 in SH‐SY5Y cells. In conclusion, our findings indicate that OA is a potential toxic inducer underlying the role of microglia in AD pathogenesis.
Effect of orotic acid addition on hydrolysis conversion of α‐tricalcium phosphate to hydroxyapatite
Authors: Yamada Iori , Galindo Tania Guadalupe Peñaflor , Noda Daichi , Tagaya Motohiro 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlpha‐tricalcium phosphate (α‐TCP), which can be converted to calcium‐deficient hydroxyapatite (HA) by hydrolysis reaction, has been researched as a bone filling. Although the composites of α‐TCP with various organic molecules can exhibit a novel functionality, the reaction based on the addition of the interactive organic molecules has not been understood. Investigation of the hydrolysis conversion process under various conditions can lead to the elucidation of the biomineralization process. In this study, we investigated the hydrolysis conversion of α‐TCP to HA in the presence of orotic acid (Ort). As a result, the conversion rate from α‐TCP to HA at the reaction time of 3 h was improved to be more than five times as compared to that in the absence of Ort. Moreover, the addition of Ort promoted the crystal growth and suppressed the crystal growth in the m‐plane direction. Furthermore, the mechanism for promoting HA formation is assumed to be related to the molecular structure of Ort, which is capable of forming the interactions between carboxylate and Ca2+ ions.
CRISPR‐Cas9 Genome Editing of Primary Human Vascular Cells In Vitro
Authors: Atri Deepak S. , Lee‐Kim Vivian S. , Vellarikkal Shamsudheen K. , Sias‐Garcia Oscar , Yanamandala Mounica , Schniztler Gavin R. , Gupta Rajat M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGenome editing of primary human cells with CRISPR‐Cas9 is a powerful tool to study gene function. For many cell types, there are efficient protocols for editing with optimized plasmids for Cas9 and sgRNA expression. Vascular cells, however, remain refractory to plasmid‐based delivery of CRISPR machinery for in vitro genome editing due to low transfection efficiency, poor expression of the Cas9 machinery, and toxic effects of the selection antibiotics. Here, we describe a method for high‐efficiency editing of primary human vascular cells in vitro using nucleofection for direct delivery of sgRNA:Cas9‐NLS ribonucleoprotein complexes. This method is more rapid and its high editing efficiency eliminates the need for additional selection steps. The edited cells can be employed in diverse applications, such as gene expression measurement or functional assays to assess various genetic perturbation effects in vitro. This method proves effective in vascular cells that are refractory to standard genome manipulation techniques using viral plasmid delivery. We anticipate that this technique will be applied to other non‐vascular cell types that face similar barriers to efficient genome editing. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol: CRISPR‐Cas9 genome editing of primary human vascular cells in vitro
Longitudinal association of inflammatory markers with markers of glycaemia and insulin resistance in European children
Authors: Nagrani Rajini , Foraita Ronja , Wolters Maike , De Henauw Stefaan , Marild Staffan , Molnár Dénes , Moreno Luis A. , Russo Paola , Tornaritis Michael , Veidebaum Toomas , Ahrens Wolfgang , Marron Manuela ,   IDEFICS,   I.Family consortia
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeSubclinical systemic inflammation may lead to development of type 2 diabetes, but there has been no investigation into its relationship with early progression of glycaemic deterioration and insulin resistance, especially in younger population. In this study we assessed longitudinal associations of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory markers with markers that evaluate glycaemia and insulin resistance.MethodsThis study includes 6537 initially nondiabetic children (mean age at baseline = 6.2 years) with repeated measurements from the IDEFICS/I.Family cohort study (mean follow‐up = 5.3 years) from eight European countries. Markers of inflammation were used as independent variables and markers of glycaemia/insulin resistance as dependent variables. Associations were examined using two‐level growth model. Models were adjusted for sex, age, major lifestyle, metabolic risk factors, early life markers, and other inflammatory markers in final model.ResultsChildren with 6 years of follow‐up showed that a one‐unit increase in z‐score of leptin level was associated with 0.38 (95% CI = 0.32 to 0.44) unit increase in HOMA‐IR z‐scores. Leptin continued to be associated with HOMA‐IR even when analysis was limited to children with no overall obesity, no abdominal obesity, and low to normal triglyceride levels. An inverse association was observed between IL‐15 and HOMA‐IR (β = −0.11, 95% CI = −0.15 to −0.07).ConclusionsIL‐15 should be evaluated further in the prevention or treatment of prediabetes whereas leptin may prove to be useful in early detection of prediabetes via their association with markers of insulin resistance in European children.
Does maternal inhibitory control mediate effects of a parenting intervention on maternal sensitive discipline? Evidence from a randomized‐controlled trial
Authors: Kolijn Laura , van den Bulk Bianca G. , van IJzendoorn Marinus H. , Bakermans‐Kranenburg Marian J. , Huffmeijer Rens 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe quality of parenting greatly impacts child development, highlighting the importance of support programs that effectively improve parenting. Studies on successful intervention programs define their efficacy by gains in parenting and/or child development. However, much remains unknown about the internal processes that explain how parenting interventions bring about their effects. The aims of the current randomized‐controlled study were to test whether the Video‐feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline (VIPP‐SD) improved maternal inhibitory control (1) and whether inhibitory control mediated any effects of VIPP‐SD on maternal sensitive discipline (2). In total, 66 mothers of whom a random 33% received the VIPP‐SD and the others a “dummy” intervention participated in pre‐ and post‐intervention assessments. Sensitive discipline was observed during a semi‐structured limit‐setting situation and inhibitory control was measured using a stop‐signal task. Contrary to expectations, inhibitory control improved over time in the control group and sensitive discipline did not show the expected increase in the intervention group. Results did not support mediation. We suggest that the intervention may have induced cognitive restructuring of parenting schemas, delaying improvements in post‐intervention inhibitory control and sensitive discipline. Factors that may be involved in parents’ susceptibility to interventions require attention in future work.