bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Deep Learning for Medication-Related Information Extraction From Clinical Texts in French: MedExt Algorithm Development Study
Authors: Jouffroy Jordan , Feldman Sarah F , Lerner Ivan , Rance Bastien , Burgun Anita , Neuraz Antoine 
Published: January 2021

Background
Information related to patient medication is crucial for health care; however, up to 80% of the information resides solely in unstructured text. Manual extraction is difficult and time-consuming, and there is not a lot of research on natural language processing extracting medical information from unstructured text from French corpora.

Objective
We aimed to develop a system to extract medication-related information from clinical text written in French.

Methods
We developed a hybrid system combining an expert rule–based system, contextual word embedding (embedding for language model) trained on clinical notes, and a deep recurrent neural network (bidirectional long short term memory–conditional random field). The task consisted of extracting drug mentions and their related information (eg, dosage, frequency, duration, route, condition). We manually annotated 320 clinical notes from a French clinical data warehouse to train and evaluate the model. We compared the performance of our approach to those of standard approaches: rule-based or machine learning only and classic word embeddings. We evaluated the models using token-level recall, precision, and F-measure.

Results
The overall F-measure was 89.9% (precision 90.8; recall: 89.2) when combining expert rules and contextualized embeddings, compared to 88.1% (precision 89.5; recall 87.2) without expert rules or contextualized embeddings. The F-measures for each category were 95.3% for medication name, 64.4% for drug class mentions, 95.3% for dosage, 92.2% for frequency, 78.8% for duration, and 62.2% for condition of the intake.

Conclusions
Associating expert rules, deep contextualized embedding, and deep neural networks improved medication information extraction. Our results revealed a synergy when associating expert knowledge and latent knowledge.
Application of an Adaptive, Digital, Game-Based Approach for Cognitive Assessment in Multiple Sclerosis: Observational Study
Authors: Hsu Wan-Yu , Rowles William , Anguera Joaquin A , Zhao Chao , Anderson Annika , Alexander Amber , Sacco Simone , Henry Roland , Gazzaley Adam , Bove Riley 
Published: January 2021

Background
Cognitive impairment is one of the most debilitating manifestations of multiple sclerosis. Currently, the assessment of cognition relies on a time-consuming and extensive neuropsychological examination, which is only available in some centers.

Objective
To enable simpler, more accessible cognitive screening, we sought to determine the feasibility and potential assessment sensitivity of an unsupervised, adaptive, video game–based digital therapeutic to assess cognition in multiple sclerosis.

Methods
A total of 100 people with multiple sclerosis (33 with cognitive impairment and 67 without cognitive impairment) and 24 adults without multiple sclerosis were tested with the tablet game (EVO Monitor) and standard measures, including the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (which included the Symbol Digit Modalities Test [SDMT]) and Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite 4 (which included the Timed 25-Foot Walk test). Patients with multiple sclerosis also underwent neurological evaluations and contributed recent structural magnetic resonance imaging scans. Group differences in EVO Monitor performance and the association between EVO Monitor performance and standard measures were investigated.

Results
Participants with multiple sclerosis and cognitive impairment showed worse performance in EVO Monitor compared with participants without multiple sclerosis (P=.01) and participants with multiple sclerosis without cognitive impairment (all P<.002). Regression analyses indicated that participants with a lower SDMT score showed lower performance in EVO Monitor (r=0.52, P<.001). Further exploratory analyses revealed associations between performance in EVO Monitor and walking speed (r=–0.45, P<.001) as well as brain volumetric data (left thalamic volume: r=0.47, P<.001; right thalamic volume: r=0.39, P=.002; left rostral middle frontal volume: r=0.28, P=.03; right rostral middle frontal volume: r=0.27, P=.03).

Conclusions
These findings suggest that EVO Monitor, an unsupervised, video game–based digital program integrated with adaptive mechanics, is a clinically valuable approach to measuring cognitive performance in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03569618; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03569618
Tracking COVID-19 Discourse on Twitter in North America: Infodemiology Study Using Topic Modeling and Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Jang Hyeju , Rempel Emily , Roth David , Carenini Giuseppe , Janjua Naveed Zafar 
Published: January 2021

Background
Social media is a rich source where we can learn about people’s reactions to social issues. As COVID-19 has impacted people’s lives, it is essential to capture how people react to public health interventions and understand their concerns.

Objective
We aim to investigate people’s reactions and concerns about COVID-19 in North America, especially in Canada.

Methods
We analyzed COVID-19–related tweets using topic modeling and aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA), and interpreted the results with public health experts. To generate insights on the effectiveness of specific public health interventions for COVID-19, we compared timelines of topics discussed with the timing of implementation of interventions, synergistically including information on people’s sentiment about COVID-19–related aspects in our analysis. In addition, to further investigate anti-Asian racism, we compared timelines of sentiments for Asians and Canadians.

Results
Topic modeling identified 20 topics, and public health experts provided interpretations of the topics based on top-ranked words and representative tweets for each topic. The interpretation and timeline analysis showed that the discovered topics and their trend are highly related to public health promotions and interventions such as physical distancing, border restrictions, handwashing, staying home, and face coverings. After training the data using ABSA with human-in-the-loop, we obtained 545 aspect terms (eg, “vaccines,” “economy,” and “masks”) and 60 opinion terms such as “infectious” (negative) and “professional” (positive), which were used for inference of sentiments of 20 key aspects selected by public health experts. The results showed negative sentiments related to the overall outbreak, misinformation and Asians, and positive sentiments related to physical distancing.

Conclusions
Analyses using natural language processing techniques with domain expert involvement can produce useful information for public health. This study is the first to analyze COVID-19–related tweets in Canada in comparison with tweets in the United States by using topic modeling and human-in-the-loop domain-specific ABSA. This kind of information could help public health agencies to understand public concerns as well as what public health messages are resonating in our populations who use Twitter, which can be helpful for public health agencies when designing a policy for new interventions.
Adoption of video laryngoscopy by a major academic anesthesia department
Authors: Samuels Jon D , Tangel Virginia E , Lui Briana , Turnbull Zachary A , Pryor Kane O , White Robert S , Jiang Silis Y 
Published: January 2021

Aim:
To describe the adoption patterns of intubating devices used at a major teaching and research facility.
Materials & methods:
Retrospective analysis of 2012–2019 data on frequency and trends in airway management devices collected from our anesthesia information management system.
Results:
Use of direct laryngoscopy was more frequent, but there was a downward trend in use over time (p < 0.008) in favor of video laryngoscopy (VL), which increased significantly (p < 0.008). The largest growth among devices was the McGrath VL, which increased from 0.2% in 2012 to 36.2% of cases in 2019.
Conclusion:
Our study shows a clear increase in VL usage which has implications in quality of care and medical education.
Ideias matemáticas na prática de um serralheiro: contexto para o ensino de matemática
Authors: Soares de Souza Roberta Luzia 
Published: January 2021

Esse artigo tem incumbência de apresentar os resultados de uma pesquisa desenvolvida com o objetivo compreender ideias matemáticas mobilizadas na prática de um serralheiro que podem se constituir contexto para o ensino da matemática escolar. O sujeito da pesquisa é um serralheiro que possui 29 anos de profissão. A pesquisa é do tipo qualitativa com contribuição da pesquisa etnográfica. Para a construção dos dados foram utilizados a observação, a entrevista e o registro fotográfico. A análise dos dados foi realizada pelo método de triangulação. Os resultados obtidos permitem afirmar que no contexto do serralheiro há uma mobilização de ideias matemáticas nas construções de grades e nos instrumentos de trabalho denominados de gabaritos. Tais ideais têm relação com conteúdos matemáticos ensinados na Educação Básica, tanto no Ensino Fundamental como no Ensino Médio, que podem ser usados pelo professor como contexto para o ensino de matemática.
The Effect of Engagement Auditors on Financial Statement Comparability
Authors: Li Liuchuang , Qi Baolei , Zhang Jieying 
Published: January 2021

SUMMARY
Prior literature finds that audit firm style shapes client financial statement comparability (Francis, Pinnuck, and Watanabe 2014). We expect that engagement partners also shape financial statement comparability, and find that two clients audited by the same engagement auditor have more comparable accruals than two clients audited by different auditors. We also find that engagement auditor past comparability style explains new client comparability with industry peers, suggesting that auditor style persists over time. We uncover that auditor personal traits including gender, experience, qualification, and specialization are associated with higher comparability. Finally, we find that adding the audit-firm, audit-office, and engagement-auditor fixed effects increases the adjusted R2 of our accrual comparability model by 0.6 percent, 1.9 percent, and 10 percent, respectively. Taken together, our findings suggest that the engagement auditors have a distinguishable effect on financial statement comparability that is incremental to the effect of audit firms and offices.
Data Availability: All data are publicly available from the sources identified in the text.
Management Controls and Intrinsic Motivation: Insights from a Lean Organizational Setting
Authors: Donnelly Amy M. , Kennedy Frances A. , Widener Sally K. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Using survey data from 300 employees, we examine whether feedback, training, standard operating procedures (SOPs) and visual management are positively related to intrinsic motivation, and, in turn, performance, via perceptions of autonomy. Specifically, we consider these relationships in the context of a lean organizational setting. We aim to contribute to the management accounting literature by investigating when and how employees' perceptions of control mechanisms facilitate intrinsic motivation and ultimately performance. Our results show that perceptions of training, feedback, and visual management are positively related to intrinsic motivation (and, in turn, performance) via autonomy. In a supplemental analysis, we decompose intrinsic motivation into two dimensions, challenge and enjoyment. We find that our original model holds but is driven by the intrinsic motivation employees receive from challenging tasks. We also show that SOPs are not related to autonomy but are directly related to the enjoyment dimension of intrinsic motivation.
The Economic Consequences of Financial Misreporting: Evidence from Employee Perspective
Authors: Gao Xinghua , Jia Yonghong 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
This study investigates the economic consequences of financial misreporting from the employee perspective. Specifically, we examine two employee reactions: (1) exiting from misreporting firms, and (2) reducing holding of employer stock, in both the misreporting period and the post-restatement period. We find an increase in employee turnover and a decrease in employee holding of employer stock in the post-restatement period (restatement effect) and some evidence that employees start to react in the period of misreporting (misreporting effect). We also find some evidence that the misreporting effect varies with employee tenure in the misreporting period and the restatement effect varies with the severity of misreporting in the post-restatement period. We further show that our results are not driven by labor demand, increased likelihood of executive turnover, declining stock prices, internal control weakness disclosure, and poor firm performance.
JEL Classifications: M41; M55; J33; J63.
Risk of Blindness Among Patients With Diabetes and Newly Diagnosed Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Wykoff Charles C. , Khurana Rahul N. , Nguyen Quan Dong , Kelly Scott P. , Lum Flora , Hall Rebecca , Abbass Ibrahim M. , Abolian Anna M. , Stoilov Ivaylo , To Tu My , Garmo Vincent 
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the association between initial diabetic retinopathy (DR) severity/risk of blindness in patients with newly diagnosed DR/good vision in the U.S.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSThis retrospective cohort study evaluated adult patients with good vision (20/40 or better) and newly diagnosed DR between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2017 (index date) in the American Academy of Ophthalmology’s Intelligent Research in Sight (IRIS) Registry. The primary exposure of interest was DR severity at index: mild nonproliferative DR (NPDR), moderate NPDR, severe NPDR, and proliferative DR (PDR). The main outcome measure was development of sustained blindness (SB), defined as study eyes with Snellen visual acuity readings of 20/200 or worse at two separate visits ≥3 months apart that did not improve beyond 20/100.RESULTSAmong 53,535 eligible eyes (mean follow-up 662.5 days), 678 (1.3%) eyes developed SB. Eyes with PDR at index represented 10.5% (5,629 of 53,535) of the analysis population but made up 26.5% (180 of 678) of eyes that developed SB. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that eyes with moderate NPDR, severe NPDR, and PDR at index were 2.6, 3.6, and 4.0 times more likely, respectively, to develop SB after 2 years of DR diagnosis versus eyes with mild DR at index. In a Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for index characteristics/development of ocular conditions during follow-up, eyes with PDR had an increased risk of developing SB versus eyes with mild NPDR at index (hazard ratio 2.26 [95% CI 2.09−2.45]).CONCLUSIONSIn this longitudinal ophthalmologic registry population involving eyes with good vision, more advanced DR at first diagnosis was a significant risk factor for developing SB.
Durable Effects of iGlarLixi Up to 52 Weeks in Type 2 Diabetes: The LixiLan-G Extension Study
Authors: Blonde Lawrence , Rosenstock Julio , Frias Juan , Birkenfeld Andreas L. , Niemoeller Elisabeth , Souhami Elisabeth , Ji Chen , Del Prato Stefano , Aroda Vanita R. 
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE
In the LixiLan-G trial, switching to iGlarLixi, a once-daily titratable fixed-ratio combination of insulin glargine 100 units/mL and the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) lixisenatide, improved glucose control in type 2 diabetes uncontrolled with GLP-1 RAs over 26 weeks versus continuing prior GLP-1 RA. A prespecified, 26-week, single-arm extension of LixiLan-G aimed to determine the durability of iGlarLixi efficacy and safety over 52 weeks.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Participants with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled by GLP-1 RAs (glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c] 7–9% [53–75 mmol/mol]) were initially randomized to switch to iGlarLixi or continue prior GLP-1 RA. Those randomized to iGlarLixi who completed the 26-week primary end point period could continue iGlarLixi open-label treatment over a 26-week extension to assess durability of efficacy and safety.

RESULTS
Glycemic control achieved with iGlarLixi at week 26 (mean HbA1c 6.7% [50 mmol/mol]) was maintained at week 52 (mean HbA1c 6.7% [50 mmol/mol]; mean ± SD change from baseline at week 52: −1.0 ± 0.9% [11 ± 10 mmol/mol]). Proportions of participants reaching HbA1c &lt;7% (53 mmol/mol) with iGlarLixi were similar at week 26 (62%) and 52 (64%), as were those reaching this target without documented symptomatic (&lt;3.0 mmol/L) hypoglycemia (57% and 58%). Safety of iGlarLixi was similar at weeks 26 and 52, with low rates of documented symptomatic hypoglycemia and gastrointestinal events.

CONCLUSIONS
The efficacy and safety of iGlarLixi at the end of the 26-week randomized treatment period was maintained over the 26-week extension period in the LixiLan-G trial.
PENGARUH POLA HARI HUJAN TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN PENYAKIT GUGUR DAUN CORYNESPORA PADA TANAMAN KARET MENGHASILKAN
Authors: Nurhayati Nurhayati , Situmorang Aron 
Published: January 2021

Effect of weather on the development of leaf fall disease in the yielding rubber estate. This research was conducted in PTP VII Bergen Lampung from July to August for 2005 and 2006 (new leaves period). This research was carried out using survey and experiment methods. Parameters observed in the research were persentages of leaf stage, the number of leaf fall per m2 caused by Corynespora cassiicola and amount of spore distributed in air, daily rainfall amount and number of rain days. Results of the study showed that the pattern of rainfall and number of raindays affected the development of plant’s new leaves and leaf fall disease caused by Corynespora. The amount of spores distributed in the air was relatively higher in 2005 observation period compared to 2006 one. The pattern of rainfall and number of rain days also affected the disease severity which was higher in 2005 compared to 2006. Epidemy was occurred when lower rainfall amount taking place intermittently with sunny days in the period of new leave formation.
PENGARUH LAMA PERIODE KERING DAN INTENSITAS CURAH HUJAN TERHADAP PENETASAN BELALANG KEMBARA (LOCUSTA MIGRATORIA MANILENSIS MEYEN)
Authors: Sudarsono Hamim 
Published: January 2021

Effect of Dry Period and Rainfall Intensity on Emergence of the Migratory Locust (Locusta migratoria manilensis Meyen). Dry period and rainfall intensity were simulated experimentally to determine their effects on nymph emergence of the migratory locust (Locusta migratoria manilensis Meyen) (Orthoptera: Acrididae). The experiment was conducted in a factorial set up with two factors, i.e. dry periods (1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 week interval of watering) and rainfall intensity (80, 140, 200, and 260 mm/month). Locust nymphal emergence and time required to emerge after the watering were recorded and analyzed. Results of the experiment indicated that dry periods and rainfall levels affected nymphal emergence of the migratory locust. Interaction between dry periods and rainfall levels, however, were statistically not significant (F-value = 0,69 and P-value = 0,7526). Nymphal emergences of L. m. manilensis tended to be higher on soils that were watered less frequently. Similarly, locust emergences were also higher for the soil with lower rainfall intensity (received less amount of watering). At the 80 mm/month rainfall level, 20 – 105,5 days period (egg incubation period) were required before the locust emergence. Incubation period of the eggs was significantly higher as the breeding media (soil) were watered less frequently. On the other hand, time required for the egg to emerge as nymphs was relatively similar regardless of the dry period levels. All eggs emerged 14 – 15,5 days after watering.
PENGARUH DOSIS SUBLETAL EKSTRAK SAMBILATA (ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA NEES) TERHADAP AKTIVITAS MUSUH ALAMI DAN KEPERIDIAN WERENG HIJAU, NEPHOTETTIX VIRESCENS DISTANT
Authors: Nyoman Widiarta I , Kusdiaman Dede 
Published: January 2021

Effect of sublethal doses of sambilata extract to the fecundity and natural enemies activity of the green leafhopper, Nepothettix virescens Distant. Sambilata (Andrographis paniculata) is a tropical herb which has antifeeding property and could reduce rice tungro virus transmission by the rice green leafhopper (GLH), Nephotettix virescens. Series of test were conducted to clarify the effect of sublethal doses of sambilata to the fecundity and natural enemies activity of the GLH. The objective of the test was to know wether sublethal dose of sambilata could cause physiological or ecological resurgence. The results of test showed that foliar spraying of sambilata extract at concentration of 100 and 1000 ppm to rice seedlings reduced the GLH females’s fecundity. Spraying sambilata extract up to dose of 100 ppm on rice seedlings and GLH did not reduce Lycosa preying activity. Egg parasitoid activity was not affected by sambilata application on rice seedlings bore GLH eggs. Thus the probability of sublethal dose of sambilata to cause physiological or ecological resurgence was low.
INTERNET OF THINGS: AUTOMATIC PLANT WATERING SYSTEM USING ANDROID
Authors: Siskandar Ridwan , Fadhil Muhammad A , Kusumah Billi Rifa , Irmansyah Irmansyah , Irzaman Irzaman 
Published: January 2021

Internet of Things (IoT) is a system that connects devices directly or indirectly to the internet. The device can work with remote control. One application of the IoT system on the watering system is able to provide an approach to the ease in the process of growth and development of plants. The research carried out was applied to an IoT-based smart plant watering device. The tool is supported with a soil moisture measuring sensor that acts as a benchmark to determine the condition of soil moisture and automatic control of the process of watering plants. The process of watering plants is scheduled in the morning and evening. Information, as long as the device is run will be displayed on the LCD and screen of an Android-based smartphone application. The data can be a comparison value to determine the suitability of soil moisture data in plants. The volume of water supplied in the watering process also affects the level of soil moisture. IoT-based smart plant sprinklers can automate watering by measuring the percentage of soil moisture as a benchmark for providing water during the watering process. Remote watering control can also be done on this tool by using a WiFi signal to the same access point that is connected to the smartphone client and microcontroller. Keyword: agriculture, automatic sprinklers, engineering, IoT
PENGARUH KOMPOSISI MEDIA TANAM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN BUNGA GLADIOL (Gladiolus hybridus L.)
Authors: Pasaribu Eftrida Yuliana , Widyawati Nugraheni , Sutrisno Alfred Jansen 
Published: January 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh komposisi media tanam terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil bunga Gladiol serta menentukan komposisi yang paling baik dalam mendukung pertumbuhan dan perolehan hasil bunga. Penelitian dilakukan melalui percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK), dengan 7 perlakuan komposisi media tanam yaitu P1 (tanah), P2 (tanah : arang sekam 1:1), P3 (tanah : arang sekam 1:2), P4 (tanah : arang sekam 2:1), P5 (tanah : cocopeat 1:1), P6 (tanah : cocopeat 1:2), P7 (tanah : cocopeat 2:1). Masing masing perlakuan ada dalam setiap kelompok yang sekaligus sebagai ulangan yang berjumlah 4 kelompok. Parameter yang diamati meliputi parameter fisik dan kimia media tanam yang terdiri dari pH, kadar air, dan NPK tersedia. Parameter pertumbuhan tanaman diamati melalui parameter tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun serta hasil tanaman diamati melalui parameter jumlah bunga dan diameter bunga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komposisi media tanam tidak mempengaruhi tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun, tetapi mempengaruhi jumlah bunga dan diameter bunga. Media tanam yang memberikan hasil terbaik adalah media tanah (P1) dengan jumlah bunga sebanyak 11.67 kuntum dan diameter bunga sebesar 13.62 cm.Kata Kunci: arang sekam, cocopeat, gladiol