bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Similarity‐driven multi‐dimensional binning algorithm (SIMBA) for free‐running motion‐suppressed whole‐heart MRA
Authors: Heerfordt John , Whitehead Kevin K. , Bastiaansen Jessica A. M. , Di Sopra Lorenzo , Roy Christopher W. , Yerly Jérôme , Milani Bastien , Fogel Mark A. , Stuber Matthias , Piccini Davide 
Published: February 2021

PurposeWhole‐heart MRA techniques typically target predetermined motion states, address cardiac and respiratory dynamics independently, and require either complex planning or computationally demanding reconstructions. In contrast, we developed a fast data‐driven reconstruction algorithm with minimal physiological assumptions and compatibility with ungated free‐running sequences.Theory and MethodsWe propose a similarity‐driven multi‐dimensional binning algorithm (SIMBA) that clusters continuously acquired k‐space data to find a motion‐consistent subset for whole‐heart MRA reconstruction. Free‐running 3D radial data sets from 12 non‐contrast‐enhanced scans of healthy volunteers and six ferumoxytol‐enhanced scans of pediatric cardiac patients were reconstructed with non‐motion‐suppressed regridding of all the acquired data (“All Data”), with SIMBA, and with a previously published free‐running framework (FRF) that uses cardiac and respiratory self‐gating and compressed sensing. Images were compared for blood–myocardium sharpness and contrast ratio, visibility of coronary artery ostia, and right coronary artery sharpness.ResultsBoth the 20‐second SIMBA reconstruction and FRF provided significantly higher blood–myocardium sharpness than All Data in both patients and volunteers (P < .05). The SIMBA reconstruction provided significantly sharper blood–myocardium interfaces than FRF in volunteers (P < .001) and higher blood–myocardium contrast ratio than All Data and FRF, both in volunteers and patients (P < .05). Significantly more ostia could be visualized with both SIMBA (31 of 36) and FRF (34 of 36) than with All Data (4 of 36) (P < .001). Inferior right coronary artery sharpness using SIMBA versus FRF was observed (volunteers: SIMBA 36.1 ± 8.1%, FRF 40.4 ± 8.9%; patients: SIMBA 35.9 ± 7.7%, FRF 40.3 ± 6.1%, P = not significant).ConclusionThe SIMBA technique enabled a fast, data‐driven reconstruction of free‐running whole‐heart MRA with image quality superior to All Data and similar to the more time‐consuming FRF reconstruction.
Use of instructional videos to reduce central venous catheter complications in children with intestinal failure receiving home parenteral nutrition
Authors: Pierik August , Martins Debby S. , Casey Linda , Piper Hannah G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundChildren with intestinal failure (IF) require parenteral nutrition (PN) at home, delivered through a central venous catheter (CVC) to support growth. CVC‐related complications including infection, breakage, and blockage are the most common cause of readmission to the hospital. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of instructional videos as part of the caregiver home PN–teaching program to reduce CVC‐related complications.MethodsCaregivers of children with IF requiring home PN were surveyed to assess skill confidence and interest in instructional videos for skill acquisition. Videos were then created using a smartphone and free video‐editing software. Input from stakeholders (families, care providers) was incorporated in video production. Families were given access to the videos, and CVC‐related complications were compared for 2 years prior to and 1 year following video introduction with Welch t‐test analysis.ResultsAfter obtaining ethics approval, 11 caregivers were surveyed. Thirty percent reported feeling underconfident in their skills at the time of discharge. After viewing the videos, 100% of caregivers reported that these videos were useful. Catheter‐related complication rates significantly decreased in the year following the video introduction from 7.88 to 2.65 complications per 1000 catheter days (P = .046). This included reductions in catheter‐related infections, catheter occlusions, and breakages.ConclusionsChildren with IF receiving home PN are at high risk for CVC‐related complications, and caregivers are the first line of defense for catheter care. Instructional videos were low‐cost to create, were well received by all families, and may contribute to reduced catheter‐related complications.
Changes in Circulating Cytokines and Adipokines After RYGB in Patients with and without Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Katsogiannos Petros , Kamble Prasad G. , Pereira Maria J. , Sundbom Magnus , Carlsson Per‐Ola , Eriksson Jan W. , Espes Daniel 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare cytokine and adipokine levels in patients with obesity with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D) at baseline and 6 months after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) with healthy controls.MethodsA total of 34 patients (21 with T2D) with BMI of 30 to 45 kg/m2 were compared with 25 healthy controls without obesity. Cytokines, adipokines, and peptides of relevance for inflammation and metabolism were analyzed in plasma.ResultsSignificant decreases in weight and glycated hemoglobin A1c were observed. At baseline, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), IFN‐β, IL‐18, leptin, and hepatocyte growth factor were higher in all patients with obesity compared with healthy controls. In patients without T2D, TNF‐α, IL‐1α, IL‐2, IL‐15, and visfatin were also increased, whereas bone morphogenic protein‐4 was decreased. Following RYGB, IL‐6 and hepatocyte growth factor were still increased in both groups compared with controls. In T2D patients, IFN‐β, IL‐27, IL‐1α, IL‐2, regenerating islet‐derived protein 3A, visfatin, and osteopontin were found to be increased. In patients without T2D, TNF‐α, IL‐1α, IL‐2, IL‐15, leptin, and visfatin remained increased.ConclusionsThe altered cytokine profile of patients with obesity persisted after RYGB despite large weight loss and improved metabolic status, thus reflecting an inherent inflammatory state.
Machine learning‐based analysis of alveolar and vascular injury inSARS‐CoV‐2 acute respiratory failure
Authors: Calabrese Fiorella , Pezzuto Federica , Fortarezza Francesco , Boscolo Annalisa , Lunardi Francesca , Giraudo Chiara , Cattelan Annamaria , Del Vecchio Claudia , Lorenzoni Giulia , Vedovelli Luca , Sella Nicolò , Rossato Marco , Rea Federico , Vettor Roberto , Plebani Mario , Cozzi Emanuele , Crisanti Andrea , Navalesi Paolo , Gregori Dario 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pneumopathy is characterized by a complex clinical picture and heterogeneous pathological lesions, both involving alveolar and vascular components. The severity and distribution of morphological lesions associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 and how they relate to clinical, laboratory, and radiological data have not yet been studied systematically. The main goals of the present study were to objectively identify pathological phenotypes and factors that, in addition to SARS‐CoV‐2, may influence their occurrence. Lungs from 26 patients who died from SARS‐CoV‐2 acute respiratory failure were comprehensively analysed. Robust machine learning techniques were implemented to obtain a global pathological score to distinguish phenotypes with prevalent vascular or alveolar injury. The score was then analysed to assess its possible correlation with clinical, laboratory, radiological, and tissue viral data. Furthermore, an exploratory random forest algorithm was developed to identify the most discriminative clinical characteristics at hospital admission that might predict pathological phenotypes of SARS‐CoV‐2. Vascular injury phenotype was observed in most cases being consistently present as pure form or in combination with alveolar injury. Phenotypes with more severe alveolar injury showed significantly more frequent tracheal intubation; longer invasive mechanical ventilation, illness duration, intensive care unit or hospital ward stay; and lower tissue viral quantity (p < 0.001). Furthermore, in this phenotype, superimposed infections, tumours, and aspiration pneumonia were also more frequent (p < 0.001). Random forest algorithm identified some clinical features at admission (body mass index, white blood cells, D‐dimer, lymphocyte and platelet counts, fever, respiratory rate, and PaCO2) to stratify patients into different clinical clusters and potential pathological phenotypes (a web‐app for score assessment has also been developed;https://r-ubesp.dctv.unipd.it/shiny/AVI-Score/). In SARS‐CoV‐2 positive patients, alveolar injury is often associated with other factors in addition to viral infection. Identifying phenotypical patterns at admission may enable a better stratification of patients, ultimately favouring the most appropriate management. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Homogeneous distribution of lignin/graphene fillers with enhanced interlayer adhesion for 3D printing filament
Authors: Mohan Denesh , Bakir Afifah Nabilah , Sajab Mohd Shaiful , Bakarudin Saiful Bahari , Mansor Nurul Nasuha , Roslan Rasidi , Kaco Hatika 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe attention to pursuing biodegradable fillers as reinforcement in three‐dimensional (3D) printing filament and enhancing interlayer adhesion has led to the exploitation of agricultural biomass. In this study, organosolv lignin fillers can act as the aforementioned twofold purposes in preparing acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) filament for fused deposition modeling (FDM). In this study, the lignin polymer composites were homogenized with graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) as a reinforcer. Essentially, ABS 3D printing at 90o with the reinforcement fillers shows a significant increment in the mechanical properties owing to better interlayer adhesion. The printed product promotes a substantial improvement on the tensile stress up to 29.1% compared with neat polymers. Furthermore, 3D printing using lignin/GnP composite filaments shows the feasibility of biofillers to be used as filaments for FDM 3D printing of complex geometries even though the surface finish has been affected.
Mechanical behavior and damage degree of hybrid glass/carbon composites at low temperature
Authors: Papa Ilaria , Ricciardi Maria Rosaria , Calzolari Andrea , Langella Antonio , Tirillò Jacopo , Sarasini Fabrizio , Lopresto Valentina 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHybrid composite samples with different carbon and glass fiber layers arrangement were produced by resin transfer molding (RTM) in an attempt to disclose the effects of low temperature on their flexural and low velocity impact behavior. Flexural tests were carried out at T = −50°C and the failure modes were examined, while impact tests, always at T = −50°C, were performed at penetration and at indentation in the range from 10 J to 30 J. The damage extension was accurately evaluated by ultrasonic non‐destructive testing. The results were then compared with the room temperature ones obtained in a previous paper to highlight the influence of the temperature. The compression after impact tests were carried out at room temperature for samples previously impacted at both room and low temperature to assess the damage tolerance of the different hybrid configurations. Stacking sequence was found to govern both the flexural and impact behavior of laminates. At low temperature, the flexural strength and modulus values improved over the corresponding room temperature values irrespective of the stacking sequence, while an easier damage propagation and less residual strength were detected in dynamic loading.
Effects of coagent incorporation on properties of ultrafine fully vulcanized powdered natural rubber prepared as toughening filler in polybenzoxazine
Authors: Wongkumchai Rattanaporn , Amornkitbamrung Lunjakorn , Mora Phattarin , Jubsilp Chanchira , Rimdusit Sarawut 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUltrafine fully vulcanized powdered natural rubber (UFPNR) is a renewable material that is promising for industrial application as a toughening filler in polymer matrix. In this work, effects of coagent on properties of UFPNR produced by radiation vulcanization and spray‐drying was systematically investigated, in which trimethylol propane trimethaacrylate (TMPTMA) was used as coagent. The crosslinking density of UFPNR could be enhanced by increasing radiation dose from 50 to 350 kGy and it was further enhanced by using TMPTMA as coagent during the production process. UFPNR with the smallest particle size of 3.9 ± 1.8 μm and highest thermal stability (Td5 = 347°C) could be obtained by using TMPTMA with the highest content of 9 phr. The results suggested that polymer chains of natural rubber were more packed into smaller particle as they were more crosslinked by the coagent. Finally, an application of UFPNR as a toughening filler in polybenzoxazine was demonstrated. The highest impact strength improvement of 20% was achieved by incorporation of 3 phr UFPNR in polybenzoxazine.
Prognostic factors for mortality in patients with congenital duodenal obstruction at DR. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta
Authors: Estiarla  , Agustriani Nunik 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundCongenital duodenal obstruction is the most common congenital abnormalities in newborn. Almost 50% of all cases of congential abnormalities is duodenal obstruction. Several conditions of congenital obstruction can worsen a patient's prognosis, such as prematurity, low birth weight (LBW), other congenital abnormalities, type of obstruction, and the type of surgery performed.ObjectiveTo identify prognostic factors for mortality in patients with congenital duodenal obstruction in Dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta.MethodsThis study was a retrospective descriptive study with cross‐sectional approach. Data of congenital duodenal obstruction patients were taken from inpatient medical records from January 2019 to December 2020 at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta. Diagnosis, gestational age, birth weight, type of obstruction, other congenital abnormalities, and surgical procedure performed were also recorded. The data were then processed using SPSS 25.0, and one‐way Fisher's Exact test was performed.ResultsFrom 20 samples of patients with congenital duodenal obstruction, most of them were born at term pregnancy were 13 patients (65%). There were 11 (55%) babies who died. Based on the type of obstruction, total obstruction type were 12 (60%) patients with mortality rate 81.8%. 13 patients (65%) had comorbid congenital abnormalities. The most commonly performed surgical procedure was duodenojejunostomy (45%). Fisher's Exact test also showed statistically significant data (P = 0.04).ConclusionThere were 20 samples with congenital duodenal obstruction. The total obstruction type had the highest mortality rate. Other variables such as gestational age, birth weight, and other congenital abnormalities did not significantly influence mortality in this study.
Effect of broflanilide on the phytophagous mite Tetranychus urticae and the predatory mite Typhlodromips swirskii
Authors: Shen Ning , Li Yao , Leviticus Kipchoge , Chang Xiao Li , Tang Tao , Cui Li , Han Zhao Jun , Zhao Chun Qing 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDTwo‐spotted spider mite (TSSM), Tetranychus urticae Koch, is one of the most serious pests of agricultural crops. Broflanilide exhibits high lethality against various pests and has been marketed worldwide under the Vedira and Tenebenal brands in 2020. Nevertheless, little information has been reported about its effects on agricultural mites.RESULTSBroflanilide displayed higher toxicity to TSSM eggs (24 h LC50, 1.015 mg L−1) and adult females (24 h LC50, 2.062 mg L−1) than commercial acaricides, including cyflumetofen, bifenazate, and profenofos. In contrast, the adverse effects of broflanilide on the predatory mite, Typhlodromips swirskii Athias‐Henriot, was lower than those of fenpyroximate and abamectin. In the sublethal effect study, while adult females were treated with broflanilide, the number of eggs and longevity were reduced in LC10 and LC30 treatments; when eggs were treated with broflanilide, the egg duration and deutonymph duration were prolonged in LC30 treatment. A significant decrease in the total life span and duration and fecundity of adult females was observed in LC10 and LC30 treatments. Furthermore, the number of eggs per adult female was significantly reduced from 103.48 ± 3.69 in the control group to 69.42 ± 2.22 and 48.33 ± 1.75 in LC10 and LC30 treatments, respectively. In the greenhouse bioassay, broflanilide 5% suspension concentrate (MCI‐8007) showed excellent acaricidal activity to TSSM, with 99.22% corrected control, compared with the MCI‐8007 untreated group.CONCLUSIONOur results indicated that broflanilide has a high acaricidal activity to TSSM and significant inhibition to fecundity of adult female, and could be considered as a potential alternative for TSSM management.© 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Living and working on the edge: ‘Place precarity’ and the experiences of male manual workers in a U.K. seaside town
Authors: Simpson Ruth , Morgan Rachel , Lewis Patricia , Rumens Nick 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBased on an ethnographic study of male manual workers in Blackpool, a large seaside town in the United Kingdom, and drawing on Bourdieu as a theoretical frame, this article explores the role of place in understanding conditions and experiences of precarity. With higher than average levels of deprivation, seaside towns have experienced particular employment challenges where precariousness is likely to be at the forefront of male manual workers' labour market condition. Results highlight the significance of the interplay between place, employment prospects, geographical ‘constriction’ and dispositions of ‘provisionality,’ which, together, produce ‘uneven geographies’ of labour. We develop the concept of ‘place precarity’ to show how precarity is fundamentally rooted in the spatial context and to capture how conditions and experiences of precarity interact with localised employment conditions.
Size and shape effects on the stability, electronic structure, and Raman spectroscopy of (SrO)n nanoclusters
Authors: Filho Luciano F. , Pansini Fernando N. N. , de Souza Fábio A. L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractStructural, electronic, and Raman scattering properties of strontium oxide nanoclusters are assessed through density functional theory. Binding energy and second‐order energy calculations clearly show the role played by the geometry on the relative stability of the (SrO)n clusters, revealing that by deviating from cuboid shape these systems tend to become less stable and therefore more reactive, leading to a higher electron affinity and lower ionization potential. Size and shape effects observed in Raman scattering indicate that it might be feasible to discriminate between one and two‐dimensional grown clusters. Additionally, signatures of clusters possessing rings in the structure are also identified in Raman spectra. The results thus suggest that Raman spectroscopy could be an interesting alternative experimental technique to better characterize small nanoclusters.
Resident Interstitial Lung Fibroblasts and their Role in Alveolar Stem Cell Niche Development, Homeostasis, Injury, and Regeneration
Authors: Ushakumary Mereena George , Riccetti Matthew , Perl Anne-Karina T. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDeveloping, regenerating, and repairing a lung all require interstitial resident fibroblasts (iReFs) to direct the behavior of the epithelial stem cell niche. During lung development, distal lung fibroblasts, in the form of matrix-, myo-, and lipofibroblasts, form the extra cellular matrix (ECM), create tensile strength, and support distal epithelial differentiation, respectively. During de novo septation in a murine pneumonectomy lung regeneration model, developmental processes are reactivated within the iReFs, indicating progenitor function well into adulthood. In contrast to the regenerative activation of fibroblasts upon acute injury, chronic injury results in fibrotic activation. In murine lung fibrosis models, fibroblasts can pathologically differentiate into lineages beyond their normal commitment during homeostasis. In lung injury, recently defined alveolar niche cells support the expansion of alveolar epithelial progenitors to regenerate the epithelium. In human fibrotic lung diseases like bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), dynamic changes in matrix-, myo-, lipofibroblasts, and alveolar niche cells suggest differential requirements for injury pathogenesis and repair. In this review, we summarize the role of alveolar fibroblasts and their activation stage in alveolar septation and regeneration and incorporate them into the context of human lung disease, discussing fibroblast activation stages and how they contribute to BPD, IPF, and COPD.
35.1: A novel in‐situ interactive 3D floating autostereoscopic display system with aerial imaging plate
Authors: Zhang Nan , Huang Tianqi , Zhang Xinran , Liao Hongen 
Published: February 2021

Background Augmented reality technology provides intuitive three‐dimensional (3D) visualization and interaction. Remarkably, the development has drawn increasing attention from the medical, industrial, and commercial communities in recent years. In the clinic or other fields, 3D displays often need to ensure highly‐friendly interaction for multiple users.Methods In this study, we proposed a floating interactive naked‐eye 3D display system that can meet the observation of multiple users and realize in‐situ interaction with floating models. The 3D light‐field generated by autostereoscopic is project into mid‐air by an aerial imaging plate. To address the symmetrical flipping of viewpoints caused by aerial imaging plate, a light‐field symmetrical multi‐viewpoint rendering algorithm based on multi‐view rendering method was proposed. Leap Motion was utilized as a gesture recognition device to capture user's in‐situ interact gesture on floating 3D model.Results The proposed system implemented a floating 3D display with medium‐free imaging and no‐wear burden. The floating model can be highly controlled by users in four developed gestures including anatomical markers, model rotation, translation, and zoom, with a refresh rate of 30 frames per second (render a virtual model with 111888 faces).Conclusions We proposed a mid‐air autostereoscopic 3D display system and a light‐field symmetrical multi‐viewpoint rendering algorithm. It has considerable application prospects in anatomy education, marking points in surgery planning, and displaying 3D objects in museums, shopping mall and others.
Divergent Syntheses of Pumiliotoxin‐Type Poison‐Frog Alkaloids
Authors: Okada Takuya , Ozaki Takanori , Yamamoto Taiga , Kasahara Hirofumi , Kawasaki Masashi , Toyooka Naoki 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOver 800 lipophilic alkaloids have been detected from the skin extracts of poison frogs. Pumiliotoxins (PTXs) are a large class of poison‐frog alkaloids, and various congeners of PTXs have been detected to date. However, no exhaustive and effective syntheses of PTXs and their congeners have been reported. Herein, we describe the divergent syntheses of PTX 209F, hPTX 223G, 8‐deoxy‐PTX 193H, 9‐deoxy‐hPTX 207O, 8‐desmethyl‐PTX 195, and 9‐desmethyl‐hPTX 209H from the common chiral building block (2R,3S)‐ethyl 1‐allyl‐3‐hydroxy‐6‐oxopiperidine‐2‐carboxylate (−)‐1.