bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application project task scheduling using dolphin swarm technology
Authors: Mostafa Baraa S. , Alsalman Firdews A. 
Published: July 2021

Project task scheduling, which is part of software project management, has great importance in the success or failure of projects as 40% of projects are subject to failure due to poor planning and misuse of human resources, andthis greatly confirms that the wise decisions that are made at this stage leadto reduced Obstacles facing work and leading tosuccess. The work and decision-making is the responsibility of the project manager as he faces all the complexity and critical phases of this critical phase and deals with all its related processes which consist of defining the project tasks and assigning the employees responsible for each task and then preparing project plans. In this research we dealt with project scheduling using The smart dolphins warm algorithm, the project scheduling process is essential in the software engineering industry nowadays and the possibility of finding good solution swhich saves the software company a lot of time and money.<div> </div>
On the Iconography of the Potnia Theron in the North Pontic Region
Authors: Stoyanov Roman V. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The article discusses one of the variants of the image of the tendril goddess (Rankenfrau) with the mask of a satyr recorded in depictions on plates found in Chersonesos Taurica, in the funerary complex within the Kul-Oba burial-mound and also in a burial-mound near the village of Ivanovskaya (Fig. 1–3). Examination of the context for each of the finds and also their comparison allows the assumption that they were all used to decorate apparel – the head-dress of a priestess. The image of the goddess depicted on these plates can be traced back to the iconographic type of the Potnia Theron. The combination of images of the winged goddess and a satyr mask in a single item is probably linked with the cult of Artemis Orphia.
Brazil and the Implementation of Article 82 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea: Setting the Stage for the Bidding Rounds
Authors: Pereira da Silva Alexandre 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This article analyses the challenges that Brazil faces in implementing Article 82 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC), which imposes a levy with respect to the exploitation of non-living resources on the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles. First, it presents the developments made by Brazil with reference to Articles 76 and 82 of the LOSC, which are closely associated. Then, legal opinions and the conclusions of the Working Group (created to discuss the implementation of Article 82 in Brazil) are examined. Lastly, the tender protocol and the draft concession agreement for the ongoing bidding round – which includes blocks on the outer continental shelf – are considered. The article argues that the conclusions of the Working Group and core provisions of the relevant documents may compromise the proper implementation of Article 82 and impact the future relationship between Brazil and the International Seabed Authority.
How to Manage the Unmanageable: Inconsistent Ottoman Strategies to Prevent Prostitution
Authors: Sabev Orlin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Based on narratives, including ‘urban legends’, and Ottoman archival sources, this article deals with prostitution in the Ottoman Empire in view of its legal and judicial treatment according to both Sharia and sultanic law. Ottoman policies towards prostitution included measures and punishments ranging from milder (imprisonment, expulsion, taxation, legalization of brothels) to harsher (death sentence and corporal punishment). Since the Ottoman Empire included territories of a great variety of peoples and local customs the measures applied changed over time and varied across places. The author puts forward the hypothesis that the harshness of punishment depended perhaps also on the impact of conservative religious circles such as the Kadizâdelis and Mujaddidiyah.
The Role of the Press in the From Turk to Turk Campaign in Cyprus Under British Rule
Authors: Akkor Emin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Turkish Cypriot newspapers played an important role in the construction of Turkish national identity during the From Turk to Turk Campaign in Cyprus in the late 1950s. The campaign involved the establishment of Turkish municipalities that were separate from the Greek Cypriot ones and the change of village names into Turkish and aimed at conducting all trade and other business relations exclusively between Turks in order for them to develop economically. This article examines the role of the newspapers that were published in Cyprus in 1958 and 1959, which is the period during which the From Turk to Turk Campaign was active.
Quantifying rainfall in Greenland: a combined observational and modelling approach
Authors: Huai Baojuan , van den Broeke Michiel R. , Reijmer Carleen H. , Cappellen John 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper estimates rainfall totals at 17 Greenland meteorological stations, subjecting data from in-situ precipitation gauge measurements to seven different precipitation phase schemes to separate rain- and snowfall amounts. To correct the resulting snow/rain fractions for undercatch, we subsequently use a Dynamic Correction Model (DCM) for Automatic Weather Stations (AWS, Pluvio gauges) and a regression analysis correction method for staffed stations (Hellmann gauges). With observations ranging from 5% to 57% for cumulative totals, rainfall accounts for a considerable fraction of total annual precipitation over Greenland’s coastal regions, with the highest rain fraction in the south (Narsarsuaq). Monthly precipitation and rainfall totals are used to evaluate the regional climate model RACMO2.3. The model realistically captures monthly rainfall and total precipitation (R=0.3-0.9), with generally higher correlations for rainfall for which the undercatch correction factors (1.02-1.40) are smaller than those for snowfall (1.27-2.80), and hence the observations more robust. With a horizontal resolution of 5.5 km and simulation period from 1958-present, RACMO2.3 therefore is a useful tool to study spatial and temporal variability of rainfall in Greenland, although further statistical downscaling may be required to resolve the steep rainfall gradients.
COVID‐19 in the Clinic: Human Testing of an Aerosol Containment Mask for Endoscopic Clinic Procedures
Authors: Ference Elisabeth H. , Kim Wihan , Oghalai John S. , Walker Clayton B. , Kim Jee‐Hong , Gallagher Tyler , Ma Harrison J. , Applegate Brian E. 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo create an aerosol containment mask (ACM) for common otolaryngologic endoscopic procedures that also provides nanoparticle‐level protection to patients.Study DesignProspective feasibility study.SettingIn‐person testing with a novel ACM.MethodsThe mask was designed in Solidworks and 3D printed. Measurements were made on 10 healthy volunteers who wore the ACM while reading the Rainbow Passage repeatedly and performing a forced cough or sneeze at 5‐second intervals over 1 minute with an endoscope in place.ResultsThere was a large variation in the number of aerosol particles generated among the volunteers. Only the sneeze task showed a significant increase compared with normal breathing in the 0.3‐µm particle size when compared with a 1‐tailed t test (P =. 013). Both the 0.5‐µm and 2.5‐µm particle sizes showed significant increases for all tasks, while the 2 largest particle sizes, 5 and 10 µm, showed no significant increase (both P <. 01). With the suction off, 3 of 30 events (2 sneeze events and 1 cough event) had increases in particle counts, both inside and outside the mask. With the suction on, 2 of 30 events had an increase in particle counts outside the mask without a corresponding increase in particle counts inside the mask. Therefore, these fluctuations in particle counts were determined to be due to random fluctuation in room particle levels.ConclusionACM will accommodate rigid and flexible endoscopes plus instruments and may prevent the leakage of patient‐generated aerosols, thus avoiding contamination of the room and protecting health care workers from airborne contagions.Level of evidence2
Face, Content, and Construct Validity of a Virtual Reality Otoscopy Simulator and Applicability to Medical Training
Authors: Albrecht Tobias , Nikendei Christoph , Praetorius Mark 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveOtologic diseases are common in all age groups and can significantly impair the function of this important sensory organ. To make a correct diagnosis, the correct handling of the otoscope and a correctly performed examination are essential. A virtual reality simulator could make it easier to teach this difficult‐to‐teach skill. The aim of this study was to assess the face, content, and construct validity of the novel virtual reality otoscopy simulator and the applicability to otologic training.Study DesignFace and content validity was assessed with a questionnaire. Construct validity was assessed in a prospectively designed controlled trial.SettingTraining for medical students at a tertiary referral center.MethodThe questionnaire used a 6‐point Likert scale. The otoscopy was rated with a modified Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills. Time to complete the task and the percentage of the assessed eardrum surface were recorded.ResultsThe realism of the simulator and the applicability to medical training were assessed across several items. The ratings suggested good face and content validity as well as usefulness and functionality of the simulator. The otolaryngologists significantly outperformed the student group in all categories measured (P <. 0001), suggesting construct validity of the simulator.ConclusionIn this study, we could demonstrate face, content, and construct validity for a novel high‐fidelity virtual reality otoscopy simulator. The results encourage the use of the otoscopy simulator as a complementary tool to traditional teaching methods in a curriculum for medical students.
A study of the accuracy of the Fitbit Zip in measuring steps both indoors and outdoors in a mixed rehabilitation population
Authors: Farmer Craig , van den Berg Maayken EL , Vuu Sally , Barr Christopher J 
Published: July 2021

Objective: To assess (1) step count accuracy of the Fitbit Zip, compared to manual step count, in people receiving outpatient rehabilitation, in indoor and outdoor conditions, and (2) impact of slow walking speed on Fitbit accuracy. Design: Observational study. Setting: A metropolitan rehabilitation hospital. Subjects: Adults ( n = 88) attending a subacute rehabilitation outpatient clinic with walking speeds of between 0.4 and 1.0 m/s. Interventions: Two 2-minute walk tests, one indoors and one outdoors, completed in random order. Main measures: Step count recorded manually by observation and by a Fitbit Zip, attached to the shoe on the dominant or non-affected side. Subgroup analysis included assessment accuracy for those considered limited community walkers (slower than 0.8 m/s) and those considered community walkers (faster than 0.8 m/s). Results: The Fitbit significantly ( P < 0.05) undercounted steps compared to manual step count, indoors and outdoors, with percentage agreement slightly higher outdoors (mean 92.4%) than indoors (90.1%). Overall, there was excellent consistent agreement between the Fitbit and manual step count for both indoor (ICC 0.83) and outdoor (ICC 0.88) walks. The accuracy of the Fitbit was significantly ( P < 0.05) reduced in those who walked slower than 0.8 m/s outdoors (ICC 0.80) compared to those who walk faster than 0.8 m/s (ICC 0.90). Conclusions: The Fitbit Zip shows high step count accuracy with manual step count in a mixed subacute rehabilitation population. However, accuracy is affected by walking speed, with decreased accuracy in limited community walkers.
Efficacy and tolerability of pharmacological interventions on metabolic disturbance induced by atypical antipsychotics in adults: A systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Yewei , Wang Dandan , Cheng Jie , Fang Xinyu , Chen Yan , Yu Lingfang , Ren Juanjuan , Tian Yuan , Zhang Chen 
Published: July 2021

Background: There have been a few systematic reviews and conventional meta-analyses reporting effect of drugs on metabolic disturbance induced by atypical antipsychotics (AAPs). However, few of them provided sufficient and comprehensive comparisons between pharmacological interventions. Aims: We aimed to qualitatively compare drugs’ effect on AAPs-induced metabolic abnormalities by using network meta-analysis (NMA). Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials (CENTRAL), and PsycINFO on March 26, 2019. Of 5889 records identified, 61 randomized clinical trials including 3467 participants were included. We estimated weighted mean difference (WMD) and odds ratio (OR) using NMA. We assessed the risk of bias of individual studies with the Review Manager 5.3. Primary outcomes included change of body weight and body mass index (BMI). Secondary outcomes included change of other cardiometabolic risk factors, acceptability, and tolerability. Results: For body weight, topiramate (WMD −5.4, 95% CI −7.12 to −3.68), zonisamide (−3.44, 95% CI −6.57 to −0.36), metformin (−3.01, 95% CI −4.22 to −1.83), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) (−3.23, 95% CI −5.47 to −0.96), and nizatidine (−2.14, 95% CI −4.01 to −0.27) were significantly superior to placebo. Results regarding to BMI were similar to that of body weight. With respect to tolerability, only topiramate (OR 24, 95% CI 3.15 to 648) was inferior to placebo. Conclusions: Considering both efficacy and tolerability, evidence from this NMA indicates zonisamide, metformin, GLP-1RAs, and nizatidine in adults should be the first-line treatment for alleviating AAPs-induced weight gain or elevated BMI.
Comparison of Roll and Pitch Among Patients with Vertical and Horizontal Skeletal Patterns Using Cant-O-Meter: A New Gyroscopic Device for Measuring Occlusal Cant
Authors: Ravi Janani , Jnaneshwar Poornima , Krishnaraj R. , Ravi K. 
Published: July 2021

In Orthodontics, initial classification of malocclusions was based on planar malocclusions in the anteroposterior, transverse and vertical planes that were based only on translation of the jaws in space. In 2007, Ackermann and Proffit introduced rotational components—roll, pitch, and yaw—analogous to the position of the airplane in space. These rotations can result in canting of the occlusal plane. There are no quantitative methods available in the literature for a precise estimation of the occlusal cant. Qualitative evaluation of occlusal cant is subjective and is associated with inter-individual variations. This article describes an indigenously devised simple chairside device that can quantify cant of the occlusal plane in terms of the roll and pitch in degrees. There is accurate quantification of cant, which can be used effectively in many clinical scenarios.
Breastfeeding Motivation Predicts Infant Feeding Intention and Outcomes: Evaluation of a Novel Adaptation of the Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire
Authors: Martin Hayley , van Wijngaarden Edwin , Seplaki Christopher L. , Stringer Jenney , Williams Geoffrey C. , Dozier Ann M. 
Published: July 2021

Background: Identifying those at risk for suboptimal breastfeeding outcomes remains critical for improving maternal and child health. Prenatal breastfeeding motivation may be a key predictor useful for identifying those who would benefit from additional breastfeeding support. Research Aims: To (1) validate a breastfeeding-specific adaptation of the Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire (TSRQ-BF); and (2) determine if breastfeeding motivation predicts prenatal breastfeeding intentions and early breastfeeding outcomes. Methods: Participants in their third trimester of pregnancy ( N = 150) completed several instruments, including the TSRQ-BF and infant feeding intention, and could opt to participate in an assessment of early breastfeeding outcomes (by medical record review). TSRQ-BF subscales were derived from factor analysis, and multivariable regression was used to evaluate the association between TSRQ-BF subscale scores and breastfeeding intention and outcomes during the birth hospitalization. Results: Autonomous (related to personal values/beliefs regarding self) and Autonomous-Baby (values/benefits for the infant) subscale scores were positively associated with intended exclusivity (aOR [95% CI]: 2.22 [1.57, 3.30], 4.94 [2.49, 11.07], respectively) while higher scores on these subscales predicted longer time to planned cessation (aHR [95% CI]: 0.72 [0.61, 0.84],0.52 [0.34, 0.81]). Higher Amotivation (lack of motivation) scores were negatively associated with intended exclusivity (0.45 [0.26, 0.74]). Higher scores on Autonomous, Autonomous-Baby, and Controlled (avoidance of negative feelings/punishment or gaining reward) subscales were associated with greater odds of hospital exclusivity (aOR [95% CI]: 3.39 [1.75, 8.00], 3.44 [1.66, 9.04] and 6.05 [1.88, 29.04]) and lower odds of 2-day formula supplementation (aOR [95% CI]: 0.31 [0.14, 0.59],0.28 [0.11, 0.59], 0.19 [0.04, 0.62]). Conclusions: The TSRQ-BF predicted breastfeeding intent and outcomes, and may be helpful for identifying patients at risk for suboptimal breastfeeding outcomes before delivery.
Factors associated with self-reported adherence to daily oral pre-exposure prophylaxis among men who have sex with man and transgender women: PrEP Brasil study
Authors: Monteiro Spindola Marins Luana , Silva Torres Thiago , Luz Paula Mendes , Moreira Ronaldo I , Leite Iuri C , Hoagland Brenda , Kallas Esper G , Madruga José V , Grinsztejn Beatriz , Veloso Valdilea Gonçalves ,   for the PrEP Brasil Study Group
Published: July 2021

Understanding the factors associated with pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) adherence may help in the development of strategies to support, motivate and sustain PrEP use. This study estimated self-reported adherence, described perceived barriers and facilitators and investigated factors associated with adherence to daily oral PrEP among men who have sex with man (MSM) and transgender women after 1 year of PrEP use in Brazil. PrEP Brasil was a prospective, multicentre, open-label demonstration study with MSM and transgender women at high risk for HIV infection. We used logistic regression to evaluate factors associated with complete adherence (not forgetting to take any pills in the past 30 days) at week 48. Of 338 participants included in this analysis, 60% reported complete adherence to daily oral PrEP at week 48. Perceived barriers and facilitators to daily oral PrEP were reported by 38.2% and 98.5%, respectively. The most reported barrier and facilitator were ‘I forgot to take my pills’ (19.2%) and ‘Associate PrEP with a daily activity/task’ (58.6%), respectively. In final multivariable analysis, living in Rio de Janeiro (aOR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.20–0.73), being transgender women (aOR: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.07–0.73), reporting stimulant use (a OR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.20–0.80) and having any perceived barriers to daily oral PrEP (aOR: 0.12; 95% CI: 0.07–0.23) were associated with decreased odds of complete adherence. Our findings provide information for developing the best practices to promote PrEP adherence in the Brazilian context.
Risk of Future Maltreatment: Examining Whether Worker Characteristics Predict Their Perception
Authors: Lwin Kristen , Filippelli Joanne , Fallon Barbara , King Jason , Trocmé Nico 
Published: July 2021

Child welfare workers aim to promote the well-being and safety of children and are the link between the child welfare system and families. Families served by the child welfare system should expect similar service based on clinical factors, not based on their caseworker’s characteristics. Using secondary data analyses of the most recent Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect (CIS-2008) and multilevel modeling, this study examines whether child welfare worker characteristics, such as education level and field, age, and experience predict their perception of the risk of future maltreatment. A total of 1729 case-level investigations and 419 child welfare workers were included in this study. Several one-level logistic regression and two-level logistic regression analyses were run. The best-fit model suggests that caseworkers with a Master’s degree, more than 2 years of experience, and more than 18 cases were significantly more likely to perceive risk of future maltreatment. Further, the interaction between degree level and age also significantly predicted the perception of risk of future maltreatment. Results suggest that the perception of risk of future maltreatment may be influenced by caseworker factors, thus service to families may differ based on caseworker characteristics.
Effect of Regular Khat Chewing on Serum Fasting Sugar Level in Diabetic patients versus Healthy Individuals; A comparative study
Authors: Mengistu Yordanos , Dedefo Gobena , Arkew Mesay , Asefa Gebeyehu , Jebessa Gutema , Atnafu Abay , Ataro Zerihun , Kinde Samuel 
Published: July 2021

Background: Khat chewing is a long standing social-cultural habit in several countries. Even though many people chew khat simply for its pleasurable and stimulatory effect, evidence showed widely-held belief among khat chewers in Ethiopia and other part of the world that khat helps to lower blood glucose while some studies are contradicted on the effect of khat. There is limited data about khat’s effect on blood glucose especially in our setting, Harar estern Ethiopia. Objective: Primarily the present study aims to compare fasting blood sugar level among khat chewer diabetic and healthy individuals, and to asses risk factors associated with poor glycemic control in diabetic subjects. Method: A cross-sectional study included 200 confirmed diabetic and healthy subjects. Fasting blood sugar was determined by enzymatic method glucose oxidase and glucose hexokinase. Glycemic control was also determined for diabetic subjects based on the last 2-month diabetic clinic visits and current measurement. Result: (Median ± IQR [interquartile range]) fasting blood sugar difference among Khat chewer and non khat chewer were 159 ± 83 mg/dl and 202 ± 79 mg/dl respectively in diabetic subjects when tested by glucose oxidase. Similarly, in healthy non khat chewer and khat chewer, khat chewers has lower (Median ± IQR) fasting blood glucose level 82 ± 18 mg/dl than non khat chewers 94 ± 13 mg/dl when tested by glucose oxidase. Regarding risk factors associated with poor glycemic control in diabetic subjects, positive parental diabetes history, insulin medication, being overweight, obese were significantly associated with poor glycemic control. Conclusion: There was significant effect of khat on median FBS among khat chewers in diabetic and healthy individuals. And the proportion of glycemic control was high among diabetic subjects. Recommendation: Health care professional and patients should manage the risk factors to delay disease progression and restrain the damage. More studies should be conducted in randomized control trial manner to further elucidate khat effect on blood sugar level so that the actual effect of khat can be identified unlike in cross sectional where there may not be strong causal relationship.