bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Temperature and Humidity on Laser in situ Keratomileusis Outcomes
Authors: de Souza Ivan Roque Urbano , de Souza Andréia Peltier de Queiroz Urbano , de Souza Alessandra Peltier de Queiroz Urbano , Figueiredo Paula , Jesus Rogério Santos , Kara-José Newton 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The influence of ambient factors on the results of refractive surgery is not well-known. This study evaluated the influence of temperature and humidity on laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) outcomes.
METHODS: Two hundred thirty-seven patients who underwent LASIK at the Clivan Instituto de Oftalmologia in Salvador - Bahia - Brazil, between May 1999 and March 2000, were evaluated. A total of 156 (65.8%) patients were female. Mean age was 30.3 ± 7.6 years. Refractive errors: 197 patients (83.12%) had compound myopic astigmatism, 17 patients (7.17%) had myopia, 11 patients (4.64%) had compound hyperopic astigmatism, and 12 patients (5.07%) had other. Results at 15 and 60 days after LASIK were compared according to different levels of temperature and humidity in the operating room during the procedure.

RESULTS: Patients whose spherical equivalent refraction varied between -0.50 to +0.50 D at 15 days after LASIK had surgery performed when the temperature was 25.1 ± 1.4° C and humidity was 45.1 ± 4.2%; for the others, temperature was 24.7 ± 1.5° C (P = .12) and humidity was 43.0 ± 4.0% (P = .002). The linear regression coefficient showed that lower temperature levels were associated with lower spherical equivalent refractions at 60 days after LASIK (r
p 2
= .14; P = .03) but not at 15 days after LASIK (P = .98). The evaluation of humidity indicated an influence at 15 days after LASIK (r
p 2
= .44; P = .04), as well as at 60 days (r
p 2
= .45; P = .0002).

CONCLUSION: Operating room environment may influence LASIK outcomes; humidity may be more significant than temperature. [J Refract Surg 2001;17(suppl):S202-S2041
Soft Contact Lenses for Irregular Astigmatism After Laser in situ Keratomileusis
Authors: Chou Brian , Wachler Brian S Boxer 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To investigate soft contact lenses for managing irregular astigmatism after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). The prevailing notion has been that soft contacts conform to corneal surface irregularities and have a limited role for managing LASIK-induced irregular astigmatism.
METHODS: A 41-year-old man with bilateral central steep islands following LASIK had best spectacle-corrected visual acuity of 20/4O+1 in the right eye and 20/7O+2 in the left eye, despite 20/20 acuity in each eye with rigid contact lenses. Three soft lenses made of etafilcon A (58% H2O) in different center thicknesses were placed sequentially on each eye. All lenses were -2.00 D sphere, in the flatter of the two available base curves. With each lens, corneal topography, spherical over-refraction, and the resulting visual acuity were recorded.
RESULTS: In all instances, corneal topography showed reduced surface irregularity although at least some irregularity still transmitted through the lenses. Each spherical over-refraction gave better visual acuity than the corresponding best spectacle-corrected visual acuity. The right eye achieved 20/20 with the thickest lens and spherical over-refraction. The left eye achieved 20/25 with the lens of intermediate thickness and spherical overrefraction. The patient reported functional vision and good comfort with these lenses.
CONCLUSIONS: Disposable soft contact lenses can modestly mask irregular astigmatism caused by excimer laser ablation. [J Refract Surg 2001;17:692-695]
Changes in Intraocular Pressure After Laser in situ Keratomileusis for Myopia, Hyperopia, and Astigmatism
Authors: Agudelo Luz M , Molina Carlos A , Alvarez Diego L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Reports have shown that photorefractive keratectomy changes intraocular pressure (IOP) in myopic eyes by changing the thickness and curvature of the cornea. Changes in intraocular pressure after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for hyperopia led the authors to evaluate IOP after LASIK for various refractive errors.
METHODS: The measurement of intraocular pressure with a Goldman applanometer in the central cornea was evaluated before and 3 months after LASIK in 100 eyes of 55 patients with various refractive errors. Corneal thickness (pachymetry) and corneal topography were evaluated.
RESULTS: After LASIK, a significant decrease of intraocular pressure was observed in most eyes: mean 11.9 ± 3.2 mmHg before and 9.8 ± 2.6 mmHg at 3 months after surgery (P<.001). Mean decrease in IOP was 2.75 ± 3.3 mmHg (P<.0001) for myopic eyes, 2.28 ± 2.43 mmHg (P<.001) for hyperopic eyes, and 1.47 ± 2.5 mmHg (P<0012) for astigmatic eyes. IOP reduction was not significantly correlated to the amount of ablation (r=0.05) or to corneal thickness.
CONCLUSION: Intraocular pressure decreased in myopic, hyperopic, and astigmatic eyes after LASIK. The reduction was not correlated to the amount of tissue removed or to flattening or steepening of the central cornea. [J Refract Surg 2002;18:472-474]
Interface Fluid After Laser in situ Keratomileusis
Authors: Lyle W Andrew , Jin George J C , Jin Yian 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To describe a case of interface fluid after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and review the literature on this rare complication after LASIK
METHODS: We present a case report and litera' ture review. Articles for this review were chosen from electronic database and manual literature searches. MEDLINE searches were made from 1990 to April 2002, using the key words "interface fluid" and "LASDX."
RESULTS: A 40-year-old man had uneventful LASDX for residual refractive error from previous penetrating keratoplasty in his right eye. Diffuse lamellar keratitis began 1 day postoperatively. Topical corticosteroids were administered. Six weeks after LASDi, a layer of interface fluid developed. Intraocular pressure was 9 mmHg when measured centrally by Goldmann applanation tonometry and 30 mmHg by Tono-pen tonometry. The interface fluid resolved with antiglaucoma agents and corticosteroids combined with cyclosporine.
CONCLUSIONS: This case, along with other reported cases, demonstrate the clinical features of interface fluid after LASIK. [J Refract Surg 2003;19:455-459]
Noncontact Optical Coherence Tomography for Measurement of Corneal Flap and Residual Stromal Bed Thickness After Laser in situ Keratomileusis
Authors: Thompson Robert W , Choi David M , Price Marianne O , Potrezbowski Laurie , Price Francis W 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Studies show significant variability in the thickness of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) corneal flaps cut by various microkeratomes. Most studies of corneal flap thickness are based on contact ultrasonic pachymetry measurements taken during the surgical procedure. This study reports a technique to obtain reproducible corneal flap thickness and residual stromal bed thickness measurements using noncontact optical coherence tomography (OCT) following LASIK.
METHODS: The corneal flap thicknesses of 26 eyes of 15 patients were measured following LASIK in which the flap was created using the Amadeus microkeratome: 160-pm head, 9.5-mm ring, 4.0-mm/s translation speed, 8000 oscillations/m, and full vacuum. Zeiss Humphrey OCT-2 line scans were performed on postoperative days 1 and 7. The raw data from three scans for each eye and day were exported to Microsoft Excel for processing, averaging, and analysis.
RESULTS: The OCT corneal flap thickness and residual stromal bed thickness measurements correlated well with ultrasonic pachymetry measurements performed during surgery (R2=.92). The OCT technique yielded reproducible results, as the variance for repeated scans was only 2.5% of the variance between eyes. In bilateral cases a single blade was used for both eyes. The mean flap thickness of 15 first eyes was significantly greater than that of the 10 second eyes: 181 ± 31 um vs. 143 ± 41 um (P-c.Ol). A positive correlation was found between the preoperative pachymetry and corneal flap thickness.
CONCLUSIONS: The OCT scan averaging technique is a reproducible, noncontact postoperative method for measuring corneal flap and residual stromal bed thicknesses following LASIK. [J Refract Surg 2003;19:507-515]
Laser in situ Keratomileusis for Hyperopia and Hyperopic and Mixed Astigmatism With LADARVision Using 7 to 10-mm Ablation Diameters
Authors: Carones Francesco , Vigo Luca , Scandola Elena 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRAGT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the results of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) performed to correct hyperopia, and hyperopic and mixed astigmatism using wider ablation diameters (optical zone diameter and overall ablation diameter) than those commonly used with the same and other lasers.
METHODS: After flap creation using an Alcon SKBM microkeratome set for a 10-mm flap diameter, 53 eyes (33 patients) with a mean spheroequivalent attempted correction of +2.34 * 2.09 D underwent LASIK (Alcon LADARVision 4000) using a 7-mm optical zone diameter and a 3-mm transition zone for an overall 10-mm total ablation diameter. The nasal hinge was prevented from undesired ablation by the use of proprietary hinge protector software. Eyes were followed for 6 months after surgery.
RESULTS: Six months after surgery, mean spheical equivalent refractive error was -0.22 ± 0.41 D. There were 79.2% of eyes within ±0.50 D, and 98.1% within ±1.00 D of intended correction. Uncorrected visual acuity of 20/20 or better was achieved by 28 eyes (53%) and 20/40 or better by 50 eyes (94.3%). No meaningful visual complaints during nighttime hours, such as haloes or glare, were subjectively reported by patients.
CONCLUSION: The use of larger ablation diameters in LASDX for hyperopia, and hyperopic and mixed astigmatism produced accurate results, early refractive stability, and good visual performance. [J Refract Surg 2003;19:548-554]
Increase in Corneal Asphericity After Standard Laser in situ Keratomileusis for Myopia is not Inherent to the Munnerlyn Algorithm
Authors: Marcos Susana , Cano Daniel , Barbero Sergio 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Standard refractive surgery for myopia induces a shift in corneal asphericity toward positive values, resulting in an increase of spherical aberration. Analytical studies of changes in theoretical corneal shape after application of standard algorithms have yielded controversial conclusions. This study tries to resolve this controversy and discusses causes of optical degradation after refractive surgery.
METHODS: Computationally, we subtracted from real preoperative corneas the ablation depth given by the Munnerlyn equation and the parabolic approximation of the Munnerlyn equation. We compared the predicted postoperative corneal asphericity (and corneal spherical aberration) with real postoperative corneal asphericities of the same eyes, after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).
RESULTS: Corneal asphericity increased after LASIK in real eyes, with an increase proportional to the amount of correction. This increase was not predicted by the computational application of the Munnerlyn algorithm, which predicted a slight decrease of corneal asphericity. The parabolic approximation of the Munnerlyn algorithm produced an increase in corneal asphericity that correlated with the amount of correction, but was less than the clinical findings.
CONCLUSION: Potential causes for increased asphericity (radial changes in laser efficiency, epithelial healing, and biomechanical response) are discussed. These conclusions are important for the design of optimized and customized ablation algorithms, since the theoretical performance of a given ablation algorithm (ie, Munnerlyn algorithm) can differ drastically from real outcomes. [J Refract Surg 2003;19:S592-S596]
Correlation of Aberrations With Visual Symptoms Using Wavefront Analysis in Eyes After Laser in situ Keratomileusis
Authors: Chalita Maria Regina , Xu Meng , Krueger Ronald R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the information assessed with the Alcon LADARWave wavefront measurement device and correlate it with visual symptoms in eyes previously treated with laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), and to analyze the influence of scotopic pupil size on visual symptoms.
METHODS: One hundred and five eyes of 58 patients who underwent LASIK were evaluated. Wavefront measurements were assessed using the Alcon LADARWave device. Visual symptoms were correlated to higher order aberrations in three different pupil sizes (5 mm, 7 mm, and scotopic pupil size). Generalized estimating equations were used for statistical analysis.
RESULTS: In eyes after LASIK, visual symptoms analysis showed positive correlation of double vision with total coma and with horizontal coma for the 5-mm and 7-mm pupil sizes, negative correlation between starburst and total coma for the 7-mm pupil size, positive correlation of double vision with horizontal coma, and glare and starburst with spherical aberration and with total aberrations. Scotopic pupil size had a positive association with starburst and negative association with double vision.
CONCLUSION: The LADARWave wavefront measurement device is a valuable diagnostic tool in measuring ocular aberrations in eyes after LASIK. A strong correlation between visual symptoms and ocular aberrations, such as monocular diplopia with coma, and starburst and glare with spherical aberration, suggest this device is valuable in diagnosing symptomatic LASIK-induced aberrations. Horizontal coma was correlated with double vision, while vertical coma was not, demonstrating a greater sensitivity with horizontally oriented multifocality. [J Refract Surg 2003;19:S682-S686]
Laser in situ Keratomileusis with Alcon CustomCornea
Authors: Lawless Michael A , Hodge Christopher , Rogers Christopher M , Sutton Gerard L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report the 3-month results of our first cases of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) with Alcon's CustomCornea.
METHODS: Wavefront analysis was performed using the LADARWave aberrometer and ablation was performed with the LADARVision4000 system. Thirty-one eyes of 17 patients were analyzed prospectively, at 1 and 3 months after CustomCornea surgery. Psychophysical tests were performed, including high and low contrast acuity, and contrast sensitivity under scotopic and photopic conditions. In addition, psychometric testing was performed using a subjective vision questionnaire.
RESULTS: Mean spherical equivalent refraction improved from a baseline -3.05 ±1.92 D to +0.02 ± 0.28 D at 3 months (28 eyes). At 3 months, 46.4% (13 eyes) had uncorrected visual acuity of 20/16, 92.7% (26 eyes) had 20/20, and 100% (28 eyes) had 20/25 uncorrected visual acuity. Three months after CustomCornea surgery, there was a statistically significant improvement in contrast sensitivity under both scotopic and photopic conditions, and a statistically significant increase in third and fourth order aberrations. There was a statistically significant improvement in visual quality as measured by the subjective vision index, increasing from a preoperative mean 66.62 to 87.63 at 3 months after surgery.
CONCLUSIONS: CustomCornea was an improvement over conventional LASIK as measured by most psychophysical and psychometric parameters. The relationship between higher order aberrations and other psychophysical and psychometric measurements needs more analysis. [J Refract Surg 2003;19:S691-S696]
Wavefront-guided Treatment of Abnormal Eyes Using the LADARVision Platform
Authors: Carones Francesco , Vigo Luca , Scandola Elena 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical results of Alcon LADARVision4000 wavefront-guided customized treatment of eyes with myopia and/or astigmatism, and clinically significant visual symptoms related to the presence of higher order aberrations.
METHODS: Seven consecutive abnormal eyes from seven patients underwent wavefront-guided CustomCornea (1 PRK, 6 enhancements after previous LASIK) to correct low and higher order aberrations, using the Alcon LADARVision4000 platform. Eyes were examined at 1 to 3 months after treatment; the longest follow-up examination was used for analysis. Uncorrected and best spectaclecorrected visual acuity, manifest refractive spherical equivalent error, and subjective visual symptoms were measured, as well as wavefront measurement of higher order aberrations.
RESULTS: All seven eyes had an improvement in UCVA. One eye gained 2 lines of BSCVA, four eyes gained 1 line, and no eye lost any lines. Manifest refractive spherical equivalent error was slightly hyperopic in all eyes (+0.12 to +1.50 D). All eyes snowed a reduction in pre-existing higher order aberrations, ranging between 1% and 48%. Spherical aberration was reduced most (mean 38% reduction), coma was reduced by a mean 14%, and all other terms were reduced by a mean 17% compared to preoperative values. Subjectively, all patients noticed a reduction in their pre-existing visual symptoms and reported visual performance comparable to their fellow asymptomatic eye. Overall, the treatment was considered very satisfactory by patients in terms of visual quality gain.
CONCLUSION: Wavefront-guided custom ablation with Alcon's LADARVision4000 was effective in reducing higher order aberrations and related visual symptoms in this preliminary small series. Longer follow-up on more eyes is necessary to assess the accuracy of the algorithm in the correction of defocus, which resulted in a slight overcorrection in this study. [J Refract Surg 2003;19:S703-S708]
A New System of Intraocular Instruments: III. Guillotine Scissors
Authors: Rappazzo J Alan , Escoffery Richard F 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The development of a new manual 20-gauge intraocular scissors provides several distinct advantages over prior models. They are compatible with standard vitrectomy systems and useful in applications in both the anterior and posterior segments of the eye particularly for resection of epiretinal and pupillary membranes.
The Surgical Management of Corneal Astigmatism After Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Lavery G William , Lindstrom Richard L , Hofer Lee A , Doughman Donald J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Seventeen patients with high astigmatism ranging from 5.63 to 19.50 diopters after penetrating keratoplasty had further surgery performed to reduce the astigmatism. Twelve patients had a mean reduction of 4.70 diopters ranging from 1.75 to 10.50 diopters. Four patients had a mean increase of 4.81 diopters with a range from 2.13 to 9.00 diopters. We have found that large amounts of astigmatism can be corrected with relaxing incisions within or circumferential to the graft-host interface but the predictability of the surgical outcome is not satisfactory in all cases.
Modification of the Kestenbaum Operation for Correction of Nystagmic Torticollis and Improvement of Visual Acuity With the Use of Convergence
Authors: Economopoulos Nicolaos K , Damanakis Alexandros G 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In five patients with congenital nystagmus and compensatory head turn we performed a modified Kestenbaum operation intended to correct the compensatory head turn and to improve visual acuity. All patients had nystagmus without strabismus and fully developed binocular function. The nystagmus decreased but did not cease completely during the lateral gaze, and the patients adopted compensatory head turn positions to improve their visual acuity. The near acuity was better than the distance and the head turn decreased on near fixation.
In such cases the original Kestenbaum procedure transfers the neutral zone to the primary position and corrects the head turn, but does not improve the visual acuity because a considerable amount of nystagmus is still present.
Our aim was to perform an asymmetric Kestenbaum operation with a greater amount of surgery to the eye that turns out and a lesser amount to the eye that turns in, thus creating a postoperative divergence of the eyes. The result of compensating for this divergence (through stimulation of the fusional reserve) blocks the residual nystagmus of the neutral zone and, consequently, improves visual acuity.
The results obtained from performing this modified Kestenbaum operation in five patients were very satisfactory. The compensatory head turn was corrected in all patients and remained so during the follow-up period. In four cases, the postoperative visual acuity in the neutral zone was better than before. There was no improvement in one case.
Preoperative Prediction of Hyphemas
Authors: Gorman Michael , Rittersbach George H , Eliason Joseph A , Rosenthal A Ralph 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In a prospective study, 139 patients undergoing cataract extraction were evaluated preoperatively with a penal of coagulation studies: prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, platelet count, and total bleeding time. Patients were monitored postoperatively for the presence of a hyphema which was then correlated with the test results. There was an overall incidence of 10.8% hyphemas in the population, and a statistically significant correlation was revealed with abnormal test results only if all the tests were considered together.
A Form of Variable Astigmatism Induced by Pseudopterygium
Authors: Gridley Melissa J , Perlman Elliot M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Pterygium and Pseudopterygium have long been known to induce astigmatism and may do so without entering the visual axis. We present a case report of a 34-year-old man with a traumatic Pseudopterygium which produced a "dynamic" astigmatism, varying in different fields of gaze. Due to the Pseudopterygium 's attachment to the lateral canthus, it produced a tethering effect with markedly decreased vision and wrinkling of Descemets membrane when the eye was directed away from the anchoring point. This model may apply to other ocular diseases where perilimbal attachments and adnexal adhesions to the corneal surface may occur; such connections should be looked for in cases with unexplained low levels of visual acuity.
Pseudophakic Cystoid Macular Edema: A Revised Comparison of the Incidence With Intracapsular and Extracapsular Cataract Extraction
Authors: Severin Todd D , Severin Sanford L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A previous study by one of the authors found no significant difference in the incidence of cystoid macular edema with an intracapsular cataract extraction and the implantation of an iris-supported posterior chamber optic lens, compared with the incidence of cystoid macular edema with an extracapsular extraction and the implantation of a Shearing lens. To test the validity of that conclusion, the charts of 686 patients operated on by one of the authors were reviewed. It was determined that the incidence of both transient and persistent cystoid macular edema was significantly higher in the patients who had an intracapsular cataract extraction. Reasons for the contradictory findings are discussed.