bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shock interactions in inviscid air and $$\hbox {CO}_2$$–$$\hbox {N}_2$$ flows in thermochemical non-equilibrium
Authors: Garbacz C. , Maier W. T. , Scoggins J. B. , Economon T. D. , Magin T. , Alonso J. J. , Fossati M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe present study aims at providing insights into shock wave interference patterns in gas flows when a mixture different than air is considered. High-energy non-equilibrium flows of air and$$\hbox {CO}_2$$CO2–$$\hbox {N}_2$$N2over a double-wedge geometry are studied numerically. The impact of freestream temperature on the non-equilibrium shock interaction patterns is investigated by simulating two different sets of freestream conditions. To this purpose, the SU2 solver has been extended to account for the conservation of chemical species as well as multiple energies and coupled to the Mutation++ library (Multicomponent Thermodynamic And Transport properties for IONized gases in C++) that provides all the necessary thermochemical properties of the mixture and chemical species. An analysis of the shock interference patterns is presented with respect to the existing taxonomy of interactions. A comparison between calorically perfect ideal gas and non-equilibrium simulations confirms that non-equilibrium effects greatly influence the shock interaction patterns. When thermochemical relaxation is considered, a type VI interaction is obtained for the$$\hbox {CO}_2$$CO2-dominated flow, for both freestream temperatures of 300 K and 1000 K; for air, a type V six-shock interaction and a type VI interaction are obtained, respectively. We conclude that the increase in freestream temperature has a large impact on the shock interaction pattern of the air flow, whereas for the$$\hbox {CO}_2$$CO2–$$\hbox {N}_2$$N2flow the pattern does not change.
Differences in Radiation Exposure of CT-Guided Percutaneous Manual and Powered Drill Bone Biopsy
Authors: Zensen Sebastian , Selvaretnam Sumitha , Opitz Marcel , Bos Denise , Haubold Johannes , Theysohn Jens , Forsting Michael , Guberina Nika , Wetter Axel 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Apart from the commonly applied manual needle biopsy, CT-guided percutaneous biopsies of bone lesions can be performed with battery-powered drill biopsy systems. Due to assumably different radiation doses and procedural durations, the aim of this study is to examine radiation exposure and establish local diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) of CT-guided bone biopsies of different anatomical regions.

Methods
In this retrospective study, dose data of 187 patients who underwent CT-guided bone biopsy with a manual or powered drill biopsy system performed at one of three different multi-slice CT were analyzed. Between January 2012 and November 2019, a total of 27 femur (A), 74 ilium (B), 27 sacrum (C), 28 thoracic vertebrae (D) and 31 lumbar vertebrae (E) biopsies were included. Radiation exposure was reported for volume-weighted CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose–length product (DLP).

Results
CTDIvol and DLP of manual versus powered drill biopsy were (median, IQR): A: 56.9(41.4–128.5)/66.7(37.6–76.2)mGy, 410(203–683)/303(128–403)mGy·cm, B: 83.5(62.1–128.5)/59.4(46.2–79.8)mGy, 489(322–472)/400(329–695)mGy·cm, C: 97.5(71.6–149.2)/63.1(49.1–83.7)mGy, 627(496–740)/404(316–515)mGy·cm, D: 67.0(40.3–86.6)/39.7(29.9–89.0)mGy, 392(267–596)/207(166–402)mGy·cm and E: 100.1(66.5–162.6)/62.5(48.0–90.0)mGy, 521(385–619)/315(240–452)mGy·cm. Radiation exposure with powered drill was significantly lower for ilium and sacrum, while procedural duration was not increased for any anatomical location. Local DRLs could be depicted as follows (CTDIvol/DLP): A: 91 mGy/522 mGy·cm, B: 90 mGy/530 mGy·cm, C: 116 mGy/740 mGy·cm, D: 87 mGy/578 mGy·cm and E: 115 mGy/546 mGy·cm. The diagnostic yield was 82.4% for manual and 89.4% for powered drill biopsies.

Conclusion
Use of powered drill bone biopsy systems for CT-guided percutaneous bone biopsies can significantly reduce the radiation burden compared to manual biopsy for specific anatomical locations such as ilium and sacrum and does not increase radiation dose or procedural duration for any of the investigated locations.

Level of Evidence
Level 3.
Influence of taxonomic resolution on the value of anthropogenic pollen indicators
Authors: Deza-Araujo Mara , Morales-Molino César , Conedera Marco , Pezzatti Gianni B. , Pasta Salvatore , Tinner Willy 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe taxonomic resolution of palynological identification is determined by morphological criteria that are used to define pollen types. Different levels of taxonomic resolution are reached in palynology, depending on several factors such as the analyst’s expertise, the palynological school, the aim of the study, the preservation of the pollen grains, the reference collections and the microscope facilities. Previous research has suggested that attaining pollen records with high taxonomic resolution is important to reconstruct correctly past land use and human impact. This is in turn central to disentangling past human activities from other drivers of long-term vegetation dynamics such as natural disturbance or climate variability. In this study, we assess the impact of taxonomic resolution on the indicative capacity of anthropogenic pollen types. To achieve this, we attribute the pollen types of sixteen sedimentary records, located along a latitudinal gradient spanning from Switzerland to Italy, to three levels of taxonomic resolution previously proposed at the European scale. Our results show that higher taxonomic resolution improves the identification of human impact by enhancing the indicative power of important pollen indicators widely used in the research field. Our results may contribute to the improvement of palynological reconstructions of land use and human impact by identifying key pollen types whose determination requires particular attention.
Reducing hospital stay for colorectal surgery in ERAS setting by means of perioperative patient education of expected day of discharge
Authors: Tweed Thaís T. T. , Woortman Carmen , Tummers Stan , Bakens Maikel J. A. M. , van Bastelaar James , Stoot Jan H. M. B. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Despite the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol, length of stay (LOS) after colorectal surgery varies considerably. The majority of longer admissions is often not medically necessary. We aimed to investigate possible reduction of LOS by perioperative education with an expected discharge date (EDD).

Methods
This single-centre retrospective study included 578 patients who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer in 2016 with standard care (ERAS) and in 2018 with the addition of EDD education program (ERAS+). A comparison was made of a 1-year period prior to and following the implementation of EDD. The EDD was discussed at the outpatient clinic, preoperatively and during admission (with both the patient and family members daily). Standard EDD varied between 3 and 5 days depending on the resection type. Primary outcome was LOS; secondary outcomes were readmission, serious complications and 90-day mortality.

Results
Patients in ERAS+ (n = 242) had a shorter median LOS (4.0 vs. 5.0, p < 0.001) compared to patients in the regular ERAS group (n = 336). Fewer patients of ERAS+ experienced postoperative complications (71 (29.3%) vs. 198 (58.9%), p < 0.001). No difference was found in the number of readmissions (23 (9.5%) vs. 34 (10.1%), p = 0.807), reinterventions (25 (10.3%) vs. 30 (8.9%), p = 0.571) or mortality (5 (2.1%) vs. 9 (2.7%), p = 0.261) between the two groups.

Conclusion
It is possible to reduce LOS within the ERAS program, by better perioperative education and expectation management of patients with use of an EDD. This program ensures better understanding, faster discharge and lower costs for the hospital without added risk of readmissions or complications.
Results from a real-time dosimetry study during left atrial ablations performed with ultra-low dose radiation settings
Authors: Schreiber T. , Kähler N. , Biewener S. , Tscholl V. , Nagel P. , Attanasio P. , Landmesser U. , Huemer M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Three-dimensional mapping systems and the use of ultra-low dose radiation protocols have supported minimization of radiation dose during left atrial ablation procedures. By using optimal shielding, scattered radiation reaching the operator can be further reduced. This prospective study was designed to determine the remaining operator radiation exposure during left atrial catheter ablations using real-time dosimetry.

Methods
Radiation dose was recorded using real-time digital dosimetry badges outside the lead apron during 201 consecutive left atrial fibrillation ablation procedures. All procedures were performed using the same X‑ray system (Siemens Healthineers Artis dBc; Siemens Healthcare AG, Erlangen, Germany) programmed with ultra-low dose radiation settings including a low frame rate (two frames per second), maximum copper filtration, and an optimized detector dose. To reduce scattered radiation to the operators, table-suspended lead curtains, ceiling-suspended leaded plastic shields, and radiation-absorbing shields on the patient were positioned in an overlapping configuration.

Results
The 201 procedures included 139 (69%) pulmonary vein isolations (PVI) (20 cryoballoon ablations, 119 radiofrequency ablations, with 35 cases receiving additional ablation of the cavotricuspid isthmus) and 62 (31%) PVI plus further left atrial substrate ablation.
Mean radiation dose measured as dose area product for all procedures was 128.09 ± 187.87 cGy ∙ cm2 with a mean fluoroscopy duration of 9.4 ± 8.7 min. Real-time dosimetry showed very low average operator doses of 0.52 ± 0.10 µSv. A subanalysis of 51 (25%) procedures showed that the radiation burden for the operator was highest during pulmonary vein angiography.

Conclusion
The use of ultra-low dose radiation protocols in combination with optimized shielding results in extremely low scattered radiation reaching the operator.
Missense mutations in small muscle protein X-linked (SMPX) cause distal myopathy with protein inclusions
Authors: Johari Mridul , Sarparanta Jaakko , Vihola Anna , Jonson Per Harald , Savarese Marco , Jokela Manu , Torella Annalaura , Piluso Giulio , Said Edith , Vella Norbert , Cauchi Marija , Magot Armelle , Magri Francesca , Mauri Eleonora , Kornblum Cornelia , Reimann Jens , Stojkovic Tanya , Romero Norma B. , Luque Helena , Huovinen Sanna , Lahermo Päivi , Donner Kati , Comi Giacomo Pietro , Nigro Vincenzo , Hackman Peter , Udd Bjarne 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUsing
deep phenotyping and high-throughput sequencing, we have identified a novel type of distal myopathy caused by mutations in the Small muscle protein X-linked (SMPX) gene. Four different missense mutations were identified in ten patients from nine families in five different countries, suggesting that this disease could be prevalent in other populations as well. Haplotype analysis of patients with similar ancestry revealed two different founder mutations in Southern Europe and France, indicating that the prevalence in these populations may be higher. In our study all patients presented with highly similar clinical features: adult-onset, usually distal more than proximal limb muscle weakness, slowly progressing over decades with preserved walking. Lower limb muscle imaging showed a characteristic pattern of muscle involvement and fatty degeneration. Histopathological and electron microscopic analysis of patient muscle biopsies revealed myopathic findings with rimmed vacuoles and the presence of sarcoplasmic inclusions, some with amyloid-like characteristics. In silico predictions and subsequent cell culture studies showed that the missense mutations increase aggregation propensity of the SMPX protein. In cell culture studies, overexpressed SMPX localized to stress granules and slowed down their clearance.
Fractures of the proximal radius in children: management and results of 100 consecutive cases
Authors: Dietzel Markus , Scherer Simon , Esser Michael , Kirschner Hans-Joachim , Fuchs Jörg , Lieber Justus 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Pediatric radial neck and head fractures are rare, accounting for only 1% of all fractures in children. The aim of this study is to describe the management and results of the respective fracture types and different injury characteristics.

Materials and methods
This study performs a retrospective data analysis of 100 consecutive patients with a fracture of the proximal radius treated in a single high-volume pediatric trauma center.

Results
One hundred patients [mean age 7.5 years (1–15)] were documented with a fracture of the proximal radius between 3/2011 and 12/2019. The gender distribution was 62 girls and 38 boys. Twenty-seven patients had concomitant injuries. Conservative treatment was performed in 63 patients (Judet I = 27; II = 30; III = 6; Mason I = 2) using an above-the-elbow cast for 21 days (6–35). Surgical treatment was performed in 37 patients (Judet II = 3; III = 22; IV = 5; V = 7) using elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN). Open reduction was necessary in five cases, and additional immobilization was performed in 32 cases. Six complications occurred: loss of implant stability (n = 2), healing in malalignment, pseudarthrosis, radioulnar synostosis, and a persisting hypoesthesia at the thumb. As a result, two ESIN osteosynthesis were revised, and one radial head resection was performed. Loss of movement was seen in 11% of cases, overall Mayo elbow performance index (MEPI) was 99.8 (90–100), and none of the patients experienced negative impacts on activities of daily life.

Conclusions
Proximal radial fractures occur predominately without dislocation. Good results are obtained with conservative treatment throughout. In cases with displacement exceeding growth-related correction, ESIN is the undisputed treatment of choice. Open surgery and long immobilization periods should be avoided whenever possible.
Psychosocial barriers and facilitators for a successful return to work following injury within firefighters
Authors: Noll Liam , Mallows Adrian , Moran Jason 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective
The aim was to explore firefighter’s experiences during their recovery from injury. Focused specifically on exploring perceived psychosocial barriers and facilitators firefighters faced during recovery and return to work.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews were used to provide an in-depth understanding of the firefighter’s experiences. The semi-structured interviews were informed by a topic guide. The topic guide focused on five main themes, (1) overall experience of returning to operational duties following an injury, (2) perceived barriers experienced during their return to work, (3) perceived facilitators experienced during their return to work, (4) confidence in participating in physical activity following injury and (5) where they felt areas of improvement could be made with the return to work process. Thematic analysis of the data collected was undertaken using The Framework Method.

Results
Two main themes were sought after transcription: barriers and facilitators. From these, nine subthemes were identified (1) communication, (2) confidence in physical activity participation, (3) modified duties, (4) physiotherapy, (5) return to operational duties, (6) support, (7) inconsistency, (8) use of station gyms, (9) detachment from the watch.

Conclusions
Consideration should be made for the consistency of procedures followed during an individual’s return to work following an injury. Further research is needed to understand if the themes identified in this study are the same for other fire services. Further research is also needed to understand how the findings may be best implemented within the fire service.
Cytoplasmic DDX3 as prognosticator in male breast cancer
Authors: van der Pol Carmen C. , Moelans Cathy B. , Manson Quirine F. , Batenburg Marilot C. T. , van der Wall Elsken , Borel Rinkes Inne , Verkooijen Lenny , Raman Venu , van Diest Paul J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMale breast cancer (MBC) is a rare disease. Due to its rarity, treatment is still directed by data mainly extrapolated from female breast cancer (FBC) treatment, despite the fact that it has recently become clear that MBC has its own molecular characteristics. DDX3 is a RNA helicase with tumor suppressor and oncogenic potential that was described as a prognosticator in FBC and can be targeted by small molecule inhibitors of DDX3. The aim of this study was to evaluate if DDX3 is a useful prognosticator for MBC patients. Nuclear as well as cytoplasmic DDX3 expression was studied by immunohistochemistry in a Dutch retrospective cohort of 106 MBC patients. Differences in 10-year survival by DDX3 expression were analyzed using log-rank test. The association between clinicopathologic variables, DDX3 expression, and survival was tested in uni- and multivariate Cox-regression analysis. High cytoplasmic DDX3 was associated with high androgen receptor (AR) expression while low nuclear DDX3 was associated with negative lymph node status. Nuclear and cytoplasmic DDX3 were not associated with each other. In a univariate analysis, high cytoplasmic DDX3 (p = 0.045) was significantly associated with better 10-year overall survival. In multivariate analyses, cytoplasmic DDX3 had independent prognostic value (p = 0.017). In conclusion, cytoplasmic DDX3 expression seems to be a useful prognosticator in MBC, as high cytoplasmic DDX3 indicated better 10-year survival.
On the Stability of Interval Decomposable Persistence Modules
Authors: Bakke Bjerkevik Håvard 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe algebraic stability theorem for persistence modules is a central result in the theory of stability for persistent homology. We introduce a new proof technique which we use to prove a stability theorem for n-dimensional rectangle decomposable persistence modules up to a constant $$2n-1$$

2
n
-
1

that generalizes the algebraic stability theorem, and give an example showing that the bound cannot be improved for $$n=2$$

n
=
2

. We then apply the technique to prove stability for block decomposable modules, from which novel results for zigzag modules and Reeb graphs follow. These results are improvements on weaker bounds in previous work, and the bounds we obtain are optimal.
Epidural steroid compared to placebo injection in sciatica: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Verheijen E. J. A. , Bonke C. A. , Amorij E. M. J. , Vleggeert-Lankamp C. L. A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine whether epidural steroid injections (ESI) are superior to epidural or non-epidural placebo injections in sciatica patients.MethodsThe PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of science databases were searched for trials comparing ESI to epidural or non-epidural placebo. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool. The primary outcome measures were pooled using a random-effects model for 6-week, 3-month, and 6-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes were described qualitatively. Quality of evidence was graded using GRADE classification.ResultsSeventeen out of 732 articles were included. ESI was superior compared to epidural placebo at 6 weeks (− 8.6 [− 13.4; − 3.9]) and 3 months (− 5.2 [− 10.1; − 0.2]) for leg pain and at 6 weeks for functional status (− 4.1 [− 6.5; − 1.6]), though the minimally clinical important difference (MCID) was not met. There was no difference in ESI and placebo for back pain, except for non-epidural placebo at 3 months (6.9 [1.3; 12.5]). Proportions of treatment success were not different. ESI reduced analgesic intake in some studies and complication rates are low.ConclusionThe literature indicates that ESI induces larger improvements in pain and disability on the short term compared to epidural placebo, though evidence is of low to moderate quality and MCID is not met. Strong conclusions for longer follow-up or for comparisons with non-epidural placebo cannot be drawn due to general low quality of evidence and limited number of studies. Epidural injections can be considered a safe therapy.
A voltammetric sensor based on mixed proton-electron conducting composite including metal-organic framework JUK-2 for determination of citalopram
Authors: Madej Maria , Matoga Dariusz , Skaźnik Klaudia , Porada Radosław , Baś Bogusław , Kochana Jolanta 
Published: May 2021

Abstract A voltammetric sensor has been developed based on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modification with nanocomposite consisting of manganese-based metal-organic framework (JUK-2), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for detection of citalopram (CIT). The composition and morphology of JUK-2-MWCNTs-AuNPs/GCE were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrochemical properties investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) indicated that the fabricated hybrid material exhibits the properties of mixed ion-electron conductor (MIEC). Using staircase voltammetry (SCV), under optimized conditions, the fabricated sensor shows a linear response in three CIT concentration ranges, 0.05–1.0, 1.0–10.0 and 15.0–115.0 μmol L−1, with a detection limit of 0.011 μmol L−1. The JUK-2-MWCNTs-AuNPs/GCE was successfully employed for the determination of CIT in pharmaceutical, environmental waters, and biological samples with satisfactory recoveries (98.6–104.8%).
Graphical abstract
Preoperative measurements on MRI in Chiari 1 patients fail to predict outcome after decompressive surgery
Authors: Jussila Miro-Pekka , Nissilä Juho , Vakkuri Minna , Olsén Päivi , Niinimäki Jaakko , Leinonen Ville , Serlo Willy , Salokorpi Niina , Suo-Palosaari Maria 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
The purpose of our study was to research the parameters of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that would predict the outcome of surgery in patients with Chiari 1 malformation (CM1) and to evaluate changes in MRI parameters after surgery.

Methods
Fifty-one patients (19 children, 13 adolescents, and 19 adults) operated on due to CM1 in Oulu University Hospital between 2004 and 2018 were evaluated. Seventeen parameters were measured from the preoperative MRI and 11 from the postoperative MRI. The correlations between the MRI parameters and the clinical variables before and after surgery were analyzed.

Results
The majority (88.2%) of the patients had favorable surgical outcomes. Postoperatively, subjective symptoms improved in 88.6% of the patients and syringomyelia in 81.8%. The location of the cerebellar tonsils, when measured in relation to the C2 synchondrosis or the end plate, postoperatively moved cranially in 51.0% (n = 26), did not change in 27.4% (n = 14), and moved caudally in 21.6% (n = 11) of the patients. However, neither the location of the tonsils nor any other parameters measured from pre- or postoperative MRI correlated with the patients’ symptoms or surgical outcomes.

Conclusions
No specific parameters on preoperative MRI evaluation were predictive of the outcome of surgery, emphasizing clinical examination in surgical decision-making. Furthermore, the postoperative MRI parameters did not correlate with the surgical outcomes. Thus, routine postoperative imaging is suggested only for patients with preoperatively diagnosed syringomyelia or worsening of symptoms.