bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Homeopathic Remedies in COVID-19: Prognostic Factor Research
Authors: Manchanda Raj Kumar , Miglani Anjali , Gupta Meeta , Meena Baljeet Singh , Chadha Vishal , Joseph Franco , Kalsi Amrit , Konthembath Pramod , Sharma Kavita , Rama Kamsali Nadigadda , Kaur Prabhjeet , Thavarayil Kannoth Jithesh , Nagrath Cheshta , Jethani Anju , Nellikka Aniyeri Shajimol , Chawla Anu , Ray Malaya Kumar , Ghuliani Manjula , Kudiyarasu Ram Kumar , Naskar Shruti , Bala Sudha , Sharma Brender 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground/Objective Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new disease; its clinical profile and natural history are evolving. Each well-recorded case in homeopathic practice is important for deciding the future course of action. This study aims at identifying clinically useful homeopathic remedies and their prescribing symptoms using the prognostic factor research model.Methods This was an open-label, multi-centric, observational study performed from April 2020 to July 2020 at various public health care clinics. The data were collected prospectively from clinical practice at integrated COVID-19 care facilities in India. Good-quality cases were selected using a specific set of criteria. These cases were analyzed for elucidating prognostic factors by calculating the likelihood ratio (LR) of each frequently occurring symptom. The symptoms with high LR values (>1) were considered as prescribing indications of the specific remedy.Results Out of 327 COVID-19 cases reported, 211 met the selection criteria for analysis. The most common complaints were fatigue, sore throat, dry cough, myalgia, fever, dry mouth and throat, increased thirst, headache, decreased appetite, anxiety, and altered taste. Twenty-seven remedies were prescribed and four of them—Arsenicum album, Bryonia alba, Gelsemium sempervirens, and Pulsatilla nigricans—were the most frequently used. A high LR was obtained for certain symptoms, which enabled differentiation between the remedies for a given patient.Conclusion Homeopathic medicines were associated with improvement in symptoms of COVID-19 cases. Characteristic symptoms of four frequently indicated remedies have been identified using prognostic factor research, findings that can contribute to accurate homeopathic prescribing during future controlled research in COVID-19.
Incidence and Risk Factors of Pannus after Mechanical Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Choi Jae Woong , Hwang Ho Young , Lee Yeiwon , Sohn Suk Ho , Kim Kyung Hwan , Kim Ki-Bong , Ahn Hyuk 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background This study was conducted to evaluate the occurrence rate and risk factors of subaortic pannus (SAP) after bileaflet mechanical aortic valve (AV) replacement.
Methods Between 1990 and 2014, 862 patients underwent primary AV replacement with bileaflet mechanical prosthesis. SAP was defined as (1) gradual increase in mean pressure gradient through mechanical AV without any evidence of motion limitation of the leaflets on echocardiography and (2) AV mean pressure gradient >40 mm Hg or AV peak velocity >4 m/s on echocardiography, and (3) any visible subaortic tissue ingrowth beneath the mechanical AV on echocardiography or computed tomography. Clinical and echocardiographic follow-up durations were 13.8 ± 8.0 and 10.7 ± 7.9 years, respectively.
Results Mean age was 51.1 ± 12.1 years and concomitant surgeries were performed in 503 patients (58.4%). Overall survival at 10 and 20 years was 84.2 and 67.1%, respectively. SAP occurred in 33 patients, and in only 2 patients during the first 10 years after surgery. The cumulative incidence of SAP formation at 10, 20, and 25 years were 0.3, 5.0, and 9.9%, respectively. The Fine and Gray model demonstrated that small prosthetic valve size (hazard ratio [HR] [95% confidence interval, CI] = 0.738 [0.575–0.946]), young age (HR [95% CI] = 0.944 [0.909–0.981]), and concomitant mitral valve replacement (MVR) (HR [95% CI] = 3.863 [1.358–10.988]) were significant risk factors for the SAP formation.
Conclusions SAP occurred gradually over time with 10- and 20-year cumulative incidence of 0.3 and 5.0%, respectively. Young age, small prosthetic valve size, and concomitant MVR were risk factors for SAP formation. Therefore, we recommend efforts to select large prostheses for young patients requiring concomitant MVR.
Distraction Osteogenesis: Mandible and Maxilla
Authors: Dibbs Rami P. , Ferry Andrew M. , Sarrami Shayan M. , Abu-Ghname Amjed , Dempsey Robert F. , Buchanan Edward P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMandibular and maxillary deformities commonly require surgical intervention. Prior to distraction osteogenesis, traditional modalities involving single-staged translocation and rigid fixation were used to correct these craniofacial anomalies. Distraction osteogenesis has evolved as a compelling alternative for treating aesthetic and functional dentofacial defects. The process of distraction osteogenesis involves three phases—latency, activation, and consolidation—which allow for appropriate translation of the affected craniofacial skeleton. This review will cover the role of distraction for managing congenital and acquired deformities of the mandible and maxilla. This novel technique can be performed at numerous anatomical sites along the craniofacial skeleton to treat a variety of anomalies, which serves as a testament to its adaptability and efficacy. Importantly, distraction osteogenesis also has the ability to simultaneously increase bone length and the overlying soft tissue envelope. This advantage results in larger advancements with reduced relapse rates and improved patient satisfaction. While complications remain a concern, it stands to reason that the measurable benefits observed underscore the power and versatility of distraction osteogenesis.
SERUM GLP-2 is Increased in Association with Excess Gestational Weight Gain
Authors: Kahr Maike K. , Antony Kathleen M. , Galindo Megan , Whitham Megan , Hu Min , Aagaard Kjersti M. , Suter Melissa A. 
Published: May 2021

Objective Obesity in pregnancy bears unique maternal and fetal risks. Obesity has also been associated with chronic inflammation, including elevated serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Higher serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels have been implicated in driving this inflammation, a phenomenon called metabolic endotoxemia (ME). GLP-2, a proglucagon-derived peptide, is believed to be integral in maintaining the integrity of the intestine in the face of LPS-mediated endotoxemia. We hypothesized that obesity and/or excess weight gain in pregnancy would be associated with an increase in maternal and neonatal markers of ME, as well as GLP-2.
Study Design Paired maternal and neonatal (cord blood) serum samples (n = 159) were obtained from our pregnancy biobank repository. Serum levels of LPS, endotoxin core antibody-immunoglobulin M (EndoCAb-IgM), and GLP-2 were measured by ELISA. IL-6 and TNF-α were measured using a Milliplex assay. Results were stratified by maternal body mass index (BMI), maternal diabetes, and gestational weight gain (GWG).
Results Maternal IL-6 is significantly decreased in the obese, diabetic cohort compared with the nonobese, nondiabetic cohorts (95.28 vs. 99.48 pg/mL, p = 0.047), whereas GLP-2 is significantly increased (1.92 vs. 2.89 ng/mL, p = 0.026). Neonatal TNF-α is significantly decreased in the obese cohort compared with the nonobese cohort (12.43 vs. 13.93 pg/mL, p = 0.044). Maternal GLP-2 is significantly increased in women with excess GWG compared with those with normal GWG (2.27 vs. 1.48 ng/mL, p = 0.014). We further found that neonatal IL-6 and TNF-α are negatively correlated with maternal BMI (–0.186, p = 0.036 and –0.179, p = 0.044, respectively) and that maternal and neonatal IL-6 showed a positive correlation (0.348, p < 0.001).
Conclusion Although we observed altered levels of markers of inflammation (IL-6 and TNF-α) with maternal obesity and diabetes, no changes in LPS or endoCAb-IgM were observed. We hypothesize that the increased GLP-2 levels in maternal serum in association with excess GWG may protect against ME in pregnancy.
Key Points
Integrative analysis reveals unique structural and functional features of the Smc5/6 complex
Authors: Yu You , Li Shibai , Ser Zheng , Sanyal Tanmoy , Choi Koyi , Wan Bingbing , Kuang Huihui , Sali Andrej , Kentsis Alex , Patel Dinshaw J. , Zhao Xiaolan 
Published: May 2021

SignificanceStructural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) complexes are essential for chromosome organization and functions. Within this family of complexes, the Smc5/6 complex has unique roles in regulating DNA replication and repair; however, our understanding of its structural organization is limited. Our integrative study presented here reveals several distinct features of the Smc5/6 complex. Unlike other SMCs, the long filamentous region of Smc5/6 does not fold back; rather, it associates with unique, coevolved subunits of the complex, including the Nse2 SUMO ligase and the Nse5/6 subcomplex. We also present a cryoelectron microscopy structure of the Nse5/6 subcomplex and evidence for its involvement in Nse2-mediated sumoylation. Our findings thus provide insights into Smc5/6 structural anatomy and functions.
Cleavage of Braun’s lipoprotein Lpp from the bacterial peptidoglycan by a paralog ofl,d-transpeptidases, LdtF
Authors: Bahadur Raj , Chodisetti Pavan Kumar , Reddy Manjula 
Published: May 2021

SignificanceBacterial cell walls contain a protective exoskeleton, peptidoglycan, which is a target of several clinically important antimicrobials. In gram-negative bacteria, peptidoglycan is covered by an additional lipid layer, outer membrane, that serves as a permeability barrier against the entry of toxic molecules. In some bacteria, an abundant lipoprotein, Lpp, staples the outer membrane to peptidoglycan to maintain the structural integrity of the cell envelope. In this study, we identify a previously unknown hydrolytic enzyme that cleaves Lpp from the peptidoglycan and show how the outer membrane–peptidoglycan linkages are modulated inEscherichia coli. Overall, this study helps in understanding the fundamental bacterial cell wall biology and in the identification of alternate drug targets for the development of new antimicrobials.
The CCRI(II)-K2.Fe-55.2019 key comparison of activity concentration measurements of a 55Fe solution
Authors: Broda R , Bonková I , Capogni M , Carconi P , Cassette P , Coulon R , Courte S , Felice P De , Dziel T , Fazio A , Frechou C , Galea R , García-Toraño E , Kołakowska E , Kossert K , Krivošík M , Lech E , Lee K B , Liang J , Listkowska A , Liu H , Navarro N , Nähle O J , Nowicka M , Rooy M van , Sabot B , Saganowski P , Sato Y , Tymiński Z , Yunoki A , Zhang M , Ziemek T 
Published: April 2021

Main text
A comparison of the activity concentration of an 55Fe solution was organized by the POLATOM under the auspices of the CCRI(II). The solution was sent to thirteen laboratories; ready-to-measure sources were also prepared using the same 55Fe solution in diffusive (polyethylene) vials and sent to twelve laboratories. Twelve measurement reports were received. The results, as well as relevant information on the measurement techniques, are presented and analysed in this paper. The differences in the results obtained from measurements in non-diffusive (glass) and diffusive vials are indicated.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Force supplementary comparison EURAMET.M.F-S5 (10 kN to 500 kN)
Authors: Knott A J , Alar Ž 
Published: April 2021

Main text
This bilateral comparison compared the magnitude of the compressive forces generated within the 500 kN machine at FSB-LIMS with the same nominal forces generated within NPL's 1.2 MN deadweight machine, in the range from 10 kN to 500 kN. The results supported FSB-LIMS's CMC of 0.05 %.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Understanding the scaling of boson peak through insensitivity of elastic heterogeneity to bending rigidity in polymer glasses
Authors: Tomoshige Naoya , Goto Shota , Mizuno Hideyuki , Mori Tatsuya , Kim Kang , Matubayasi Nobuyuki 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Amorphous materials exhibit peculiar mechanical and vibrational properties, including non-affine elastic responses and excess vibrational states, i.e., the so-called boson peak (BP). For polymer glasses, these properties are considered to be affected by the bending rigidity of the constituent polymer chains. In our recent work [Tomoshige, et al 2019, Sci. Rep.
9 19514], we have revealed simple relationships between the variations of vibrational properties and the global elastic properties: the response of the BP scales only with that of the global shear modulus. This observation suggests that the spatial heterogeneity of the local shear modulus distribution is insensitive to changes in the bending rigidity. Here, we demonstrate the insensitivity of elastic heterogeneity by directly measuring the local shear modulus distribution. We also study transverse sound wave propagation, which is also shown to scale only with the global shear modulus. Through these analyses, we conclude that the bending rigidity does not alter the spatial heterogeneity of the local shear modulus distribution, which yields vibrational and acoustic properties that are controlled solely by the global shear modulus of a polymer glass.
Enhancement of discharge properties of atmospheric pressure plasma systems through trace radio-frequency oscillation control
Authors: Sun Y , Zhang Z , Lim J W M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this work, we report a novel approach that enhances the plasma properties of non-equilibrium plasma under atmospheric pressure using dual-frequency excitation sources. Specifically, these effects are induced by a low frequency of 50 kHz and a higher radio frequency source of 2 MHz. The results show that the application of a small radio-frequency (RF) component in addition to a low-frequency (LF) source improved electron acceleration and thus allows for the excitation to be modulated—through enhancement and suppression of electron impact during each RF period. Electron densities are also enhanced due to the modulated electron impact excitation rate, without an observable increase in gas temperature. When the applied RF component is comparable in magnitude with the low frequency component, the discharge is dominated by influences from the RF component, where the RF electric field provides and improves stability and uniformity simultaneously. This allows for higher input power to be provided to the system.
Spectral radiance backward characterization model for liquid crystal display based on key wavelengths
Authors: Ma Xiangcai , Zhang Dawei , Lian Jiqing , Wang Xiaohong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes a simple spectral radiance backward characterization model based on the key wavelength strategy. The color difference of spectral wavelength radiance amplitude loss under different conditions, the spectral amplitude change of primary color, and the monotonicity of spectral amplitude were investigated. The key wavelengths were selected based on these three factors. We innovatively introduced the selected wavelengths into a backward characterization interpolation table, which was tested using different color samples. The experimental results indicate that the proposed model is more suitable for spectral backward characterization than the existing methods.
Performance evaluation of free space optical link driven by gain switched temperature dependent quantum cascade lasers
Authors: Gopinath S , Ashok P , Madhan M Ganesh 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Temperature dependent terahertz frequency quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) offer huge potential in a large number of new applications. Reduced rate equations are used for better understanding of their behavior and to predict the optical output power under changing current drive and chip temperature. This letter reports the complete end-to-end free space optical (FSO) link driven by a gain switched temperature dependent QCL as transmitter. The device used in the FSO link consists of 90 periods of injector and active regions, emitting light at 116 µm. The device is driven by various electrical inputs such as square, haversine and tangential hyperbolic pulses. The short pulses generated by gain switching travel 1500 m to reach the quantum well infrared photodetector operating in the same wavelength as the source. The performance parameters; namely signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), bit error rate (BER) and capacity are computed for the various input signals. Under the minimum full width half maximum condition, haversine input provides a better performance providing a BER of 7.8 × 10−5, with a peak SNR of 14.56 dB and a capacity of 4.89 bps Hz−1 at a cold finger temperature of 45 K. When peak power is the criterion, tangential hyperbolic input performs well with a minimum BER of 7.66 × 10−9, a peak SNR of 18.06 dB and a capacity of 6.02 bps Hz−1 at a cold finger temperature of 45 K.
Orthogonally polarized RF optical single sideband generation with integrated ring resonators
Authors: Tan Mengxi , Xu Xingyuan , Wu Jiayang , Nguyen Thach G. , Chu Sai T. , Little Brent E. , Mitchell Arnan , Morandotti Roberto , Moss David J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We review recent work on narrowband orthogonally polarized optical RF single sideband generators as well as dual-channel equalization, both based on high-Q integrated ring resonators. The devices operate in the optical telecommunications C-band and enable RF operation over a range of either fixed or thermally tuneable frequencies. They operate via TE/TM mode birefringence in the resonator. We achieve a very large dynamic tuning range of over 55 dB for both the optical carrier-to-sideband ratio and the dual-channel RF equalization for both the fixed and tunable devices.
Beyond the 100 Gbaud directly modulated laser for short reach applications
Authors: Huang Jianou , Li Chao , Lu Rongguo , Li Lianyan , Cao Zizheng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
It is very attractive to apply a directly modulated laser (DML)-based intensity-modulation and direct-detection (IM/DD) system in future data centers and 5G fronthaul networks due to the advantages of low cost, low system complexity, and high energy efficiency, which perfectly match the application scenarios of the data centers and 5G fronthaul networks, in which a large number of high-speed optical interconnections are needed. However, as the data traffic in the data centers and 5G fronthaul networks continues to grow exponentially, the future requirements for data rates beyond 100 Gbaud are challenging the existing DML-based IM/DD system, and the main bottleneck is the modulation bandwidth of the DML. In this paper, the data rate demands and technical standards of the data centers and 5G fronthaul networks are reviewed in detail. With the modulation bandwidth requirements, the technical routes and achievements of recent DMLs are reviewed and discussed. In this way, the prospects, challenges, and future development of DMLs in the applications of future data centers and 5G fronthaul networks are comprehensively explored.
Waveguide external cavity narrow linewidth semiconductor lasers
Authors: Luo Chanchan , Zhang Ruiying , Qiu Bocang , Wang Wei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Narrow linewidth light source is a prerequisite for high-performance coherent optical communication and sensing. Waveguide-based external cavity narrow linewidth semiconductor lasers (WEC-NLSLs) have become a competitive and attractive candidate for many coherent applications due to their small size, volume, low energy consumption, low cost and the ability to integrate with other optical components. In this paper, we present an overview of WEC-NLSLs from their required technologies to the state-of-the-art progress. Moreover, we highlight the common problems occurring to current WEC-NLSLs and show the possible approaches to resolving the issues. Finally, we present the possible development directions for the next phase and hope this review will be beneficial to the advancements of WEC-NLSLs.
Multi-scale structural rich-club organization of the brain in full-term newborns: a combined DWI and fMRI study
Authors: Fouladivanda Mahshid , Kazemi Kamran , Makki Malek , Khalilian Maedeh , Danyali Habibollah , Gervain Judit , Aarabi Ardalan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective. Our understanding of early brain development is limited due to rapid changes in white matter pathways after birth. In this study, we introduced a multi-scale cross-modal approach to investigate the rich club (RC) organization and topology of the structural brain networks in 40 healthy neonates using diffusion-weighted imaging and resting-state fMRI data. Approach. A group independent component analysis was first performed to identify eight resting state networks (RSNs) used as functional modules. A groupwise whole-brain functional parcellation was also performed at five scales comprising 100–900 parcels. The distribution of RC nodes was then investigated within and between the RSNs. We further assessed the distribution of short and long-range RC, feeder and local connections across different parcellation scales. Main results. Sharing the scale-free characteristic of small-worldness, the neonatal structural brain networks exhibited an RC organization at different nodal scales (NSs). The subcortical, sensory-motor and default mode networks were found to be strongly involved in the RC organization of the structural brain networks, especially in the zones where the RSNs overlapped, with an average cross-scale proportion of 45.9%, 28.5% and 10.5%, respectively. A large proportion of the connector hubs were found to be RC members for the coarsest (73%) to finest (92%) NSs. Our results revealed a prominent involvement of cortico-subcortical and cortico-cerebellar white matter pathways in the RC organization of the neonatal brain. Regardless of the NS, the majority (more than 65.2%) of the inter-RSN connections were long distance RC or feeder with an average physical connection of 105.5 and 97.4 mm, respectively. Several key RC regions were identified, including the insula and cingulate gyri, middle and superior temporal gyri, hippocampus and parahippocampus, fusiform gyrus, precuneus, superior frontal and precentral gyri, calcarine fissure and lingual gyrus. Significance. Our results emphasize the importance of the multi-scale connectivity analysis in assessing the cross-scale reproducibility of the connectivity results concerning the global and local topological properties of the brain networks. Our findings may improve our understanding of the early brain development.