bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional Hypogonadism and Testosterone Deficiency in Aging Males With and Without HIV-infection
Authors: Postel Nils , Wolf Eva , Balogh Annamaria , Obermeier Martin , Degen Olaf , Mayr Christoph , Baumgarten Axel , Pauli Ramona , Mueck Birgit , Jaeger Hans , Noe Sebastian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction HIV infection has become a chronic, well-treatable disease and the focus of caretakers has shifted to diagnosis and treatment of comorbidities. Hypogonadism in elderly men with HIV might be of particular relevance, however, little is known about its epidemiology in contrast to non-infected peers and men with other chronic medical conditions, such as type 2 diabetes. This study aimed at comparing the prevalence of testosterone deficiency and functional hypogonadism in men ≥ 50 years in these three groups.
Patients and Methods Multi-center, cross-sectional substudy of the German-wide 50/2010 study, including men aged 50 years or older with HIV-infection, type 2 diabetes, and controls.
Results Altogether, 322 men were included (mean age: 62 years (SD±7.9)). The prevalence of testosterone deficiency in men living with HIV, type 2 diabetes, and controls was 34.5, 44.9, and 35.0%, respectively; the prevalence of functional hypogonadism was 7.7, 14.3 and 3.5%, respectively. Single-factor ANOVA demonstrated significant differences between the groups for total testosterone (p<0.001), SHBG (p<0.001), as well as for free testosterone concentrations (p=0.006). Comorbidities were, however, most important single factor in multi-factor analysis.
Discussion Despite a comparable prevalence of testosterone deficiency, functional hypogonadism was more frequent in men living with HIV when compared to non-infected controls. This was the result of a higher burden of symptoms that might, however, also be secondary to other conditions. Number of comorbidities was a more important factor than belonging to one of the groups.
Hausarztzentrierte Rehabilitationsnachsorge bei chronischen Rückenschmerzen
Authors: Weier Lisa , Steinhäuser Jost , Träder Jens-Martin , Deck Ruth 
Published: January 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Rückenschmerzen gehören in Deutschland zu den häufigsten und kostenintensiven Gesundheitsstörungen. Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen bei Rückenschmerzen sind oft nur kurzfristig wirksam. Das Nachsorgekonzept „Neues Credo“ hat sich bei der Steigerung der Langzeiteffekte als erfolgversprechend erwiesen. In der aktuellen Studie wurde es in Hausarztpraxen erprobt und evaluiert.
Methodik Es wurde eine prospektive Beobachtungsstudie durchgeführt. Beteiligt waren 9 orthopädische Rehabilitationseinrichtungen und N=178 Hausärzte, die die Nachsorge begleiten. Die Evaluation der Intervention erfolgte durch schriftliche Befragungen von 85 Rehabilitanden mit chronischen Rückenschmerzen zu drei Messzeitpunkten. Hauptzielkriterien waren Funktionskapazität und Teilhabe, als sekundäre Zielgrößen wurden u. a. Parameter der subjektiven Gesundheit und körperliche Aktivität herangezogen. Die Auswertung der Langzeiteffekte erfolgte mit Varianzanalysen mit Messwiederholung.
Ergebnisse Am Ende der Rehabilitation zeigen sich im primären Outcome Funktionskapazität eine signifikante Verbesserung kleiner Größenordnung, in allen sekundären Zielgrößen signifikante mittlere bis große Effekte. Im Katamnesezeitraum konnten die Teilnehmer ihre körperliche Aktivität signifikant steigern. Vor allem im Bereich Ausdauersport und Krafttraining. Zwölf Monate nach der Rehabilitation sind bei allen Outcomes immer noch signifikante Verbesserungen festzustellen, es werden Effekte kleiner Größenordnung erreicht, die im Hinblick auf ihre klinische Relevanz etwas unterhalb der üblichen Schwelle für minimal bedeutsame Unterschiede liegen.
Schlussfolgerungen Rehabilitationsnachsorge im Sinn des Neuen Credo, welche durch den Hausarzt unterstützt wird, zeigt ebenso nachhaltige Effekte, wie die Begleitung durch die Rehabilitationseinrichtung. Die Erfolge lassen 12 Monate nach der Rehabilitation zwar wieder etwas nach, bei allen erfassten Merkmalen sehen wir aber signifikante Unterschiede im Vergleich zur Ausgangslage. Die hohe Zufriedenheit von Hausärzten und Rehabilitanden sprechen für das Konzept. Da Hausärzte die unmittelbaren Ansprechpartner nach einer Rehabilitationsmaßnahme darstellen, wäre ein Transfer in die Routine vielversprechend.
Erfolge der Rehabilitation bei chronischen nichtspezifischen Rückenschmerzen in Deutschland – Metaanalysen der Verläufe von Schmerzintensität und Funktionskapazität
Authors: Höder Jürgen 
Published: January 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziele Wie verändern sich Schmerzintensität und Funktionskapazität nach einer Rehabilitation wegen chronischer nichtspezifischer Rückenschmerzen? Sind die Veränderungen von praktischer Relevanz für Lebensqualität und Teilhabeprobleme? Sind sie größer als Plazeboeffekte?
Methodik Es wurden Metaanalysen von kurz-, mittel- und langfristigen Verläufen aus Rehastudien mit standardisierten Mittelwertdifferenzen und MID-Units durchgeführt, ferner Metaanalysen von Verläufen unter Scheintherapien. Außerdem wurden nicht standardisierte Effektmaße und das Ausmaß von Reliable Change bestimmt.
Ergebnisse Für Schmerzintensität ergaben sich kurzfristig mittlere, langfristig kleine Effekte, für Funktionskapazität kurzfristig kleine, langfristig keine Effekte. Die Veränderungen waren zu keinem Zeitpunkt von praktischer Relevanz. Scheinbehandlungen erzielten ähnliche Ergebnisse.
Schlussfolgerung Der typische Rehabilitand erfährt keine bedeutsamen Verbesserungen in den Bereichen Schmerzlinderung und Funktionsfähigkeit, ein kleinerer Teil erzielt Erfolge in der Größenordnung von Plazeboeffekten.
AGE–RAGE Stress and Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Prasad Kailash 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCoronary artery atherosclerosis and atherosclerotic plaque rupture cause coronary artery disease (CAD). Advanced glycation end products (AGE) and its cell receptor RAGE, and soluble receptor (sRAGE) and endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE) may be involved in the development of atherosclerosis. AGE and its interaction with RAGE are atherogenic, while sRAGE and esRAGE have antiatherogenic effects. AGE–RAGE stress is a ratio of AGE/sRAGE. A high AGE–RAGE stress results in development and progression of CAD and vice-versa. AGE levels in serum and skin, AGE/sRAGE in patients with CAD, and expression of RAGE in animal model of atherosclerosis were higher, while serum levels of esRAGE were lower in patients with CAD compared with controls. Serum levels of sRAGE in CAD patients were contradictory, increased or decreased. This contradictory data may be due to type of patients used, because the sRAGE levels are elevated in diabetics and end-stage renal disease. AGE/sRAGE ratio is elevated in patients with reduced or elevated levels of serum sRAGE. It is to stress that AGE, RAGE, sRAGE, or esRAGE individually cannot serve as universal biomarker. AGE and sRAGE should be measured simultaneously to assess the AGE–RAGE stress. The treatment of CAD should be targeted at reduction in AGE levels, prevention of AGE formation, degradation of AGE in vivo, suppression of RAGE expression, blockade of RAGE, elevation of sRAGE, and use of antioxidants. In conclusion, AGE–RAGE stress would initiate the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Treatment modalities would prevent, regress, and slow the progression of CAD.
Olfactory Outcomes after Resection of Tuberculum Sella and Planum Sphenoidale Meningiomas via a Transcranial Approach
Authors: Ved Ronak , Mo Matthew , Hayhurst Caroline 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objectives Controversy exists surrounding the optimal approaches to tuberculum sella meningioma (TSM) and planum meningioma (PM). Olfaction is infrequently considered within this context but is nonetheless an important quality of life measure. The evolution of olfactory outcomes following contemporary transcranial surgery remains unclear. This study reviews olfactory outcomes after supraorbital craniotomy for TSM or PM and defines temporal trends in its recovery.
Study Design A prospective study of a patients who underwent a minimally invasive supraorbital craniotomy for TSM or PM was conducted at a single neurosurgical center.
Participants & Main Outcome Measures All patients were questioned about olfaction at presentation 3 months postoperatively, 12 months postoperatively, and annually thereafter (median follow-up = 37 months). The olfactory status of patients was categorized as normosmia, anosmia, hyposmia, parosmia, (altered perception of odours), or phantosmia, (olfactory hallucinations).
Results Twenty-two patients were included in the study analysis, (range = 27–76). Precisely, 3 months after surgery, seven patients had normal olfaction (32%). Six patients were anosmic, (27%) four hyposmic, (18%), three parosmic, (14%), and two were phantosmic (9%). At 1-year follow-up, almost half of patients (10; 48%) were normosmic, while two patients (9.5%) were anosmic. There were no further improvements in olfaction between 1 year and long-term follow-up.
Conclusion Subfrontal transcranial approaches for TSM or PM appear to be associated with changes in olfaction that can improve with time; these improvements occur within the first year after surgery. Impacts upon olfaction should be considered when selecting a surgical approach and patients counseled appropriately.
Predictive modeling of religiosity, prosociality, and moralizing in 295,000 individuals from European and non-European populations
Authors: Jacquet Pierre O. , Pazhoohi Farid , Findling Charles , Mell Hugo , Chevallier Coralie , Baumard Nicolas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWhy do moral religions exist? An influential psychological explanation is that religious beliefs in supernatural punishment is cultural group adaptation enhancing prosocial attitudes and thereby large-scale cooperation. An alternative explanation is that religiosity is an individual strategy that results from high level of mistrust and the need for individuals to control others’ behaviors through moralizing. Existing evidence is mixed but most works are limited by sample size and generalizability issues. The present study overcomes these limitations by applying k-fold cross-validation on multivariate modeling of data from >295,000 individuals in 108 countries of the World Values Surveys and the European Value Study. First, this methodology reveals no evidence that European and non-European religious people invest more in collective actions and are more trustful of unrelated conspecifics. Instead, the individuals’ level of religiosity is found to be weakly but positively associated with social mistrust and negatively associated with the production of behaviors, which benefit unrelated members of the large-scale community. Second, our models show that individual variation in religiosity is well explained by the interaction of increased levels of social mistrust and increased needs to moralize other people’s sexual behaviors. Finally, stratified k-fold cross-validation demonstrates that the structures of these association patterns are robust to sampling variability and reliable enough to generalize to out-of-sample data.
Crystalline structure and magnetic properties of pyrite FeS2
Authors: Choi Hyunkyung , Seo Jae Yeon , Uhm Young Rang , Sun Gwang Min , Kim Chul Sung 
Published: January 2021

Iron pyrite (FeS2) has attracted significant attention as a promising inorganic material in various applications, such as electrode materials for high-energy batteries, medical diagnostics, semiconductor materials, and photovoltaic solar cells. In this study, we characterized the crystalline structure and magnetic properties of FeS2 using X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometry, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The refined XRD patterns confirmed that the crystalline structure of FeS2 was cubic (Pa-3 space group) with lattice constant a0 = 5.417 Å. The temperature dependence of the zero-field-cooled and field-cooled curves and the hysteresis loops were measured at various temperatures between 4.2 and 295 K. The Mössbauer spectra collected in the temperature range of 4.2–500 K were fitted with one doublet. The ΔEQ values increased slightly with decreasing temperature owing to changes in the Fe–S distance. The charge state was determined to be Fe2+ based on the isomer shift (δ).
Direct field evidence of autocatalytic iodine release from atmospheric aerosol
Authors: Tham Yee Jun , He Xu-Cheng , Li Qinyi , Cuevas Carlos A. , Shen Jiali , Kalliokoski Joni , Yan Chao , Iyer Siddharth , Lehmusjärvi Tuuli , Jang Sehyun , Thakur Roseline C. , Beck Lisa , Kemppainen Deniz , Olin Miska , Sarnela Nina , Mikkilä Jyri , Hakala Jani , Marbouti Marjan , Yao Lei , Li Haiyan , Huang Wei , Wang Yonghong , Wimmer Daniela , Zha Qiaozhi , Virkanen Juhani , Spain T. Gerard , O'Doherty Simon , Jokinen Tuija , Bianchi Federico , Petäjä Tuukka , Worsnop Douglas R. , Mauldin Roy L. , Ovadnevaite Jurgita , Ceburnis Darius , Maier Norbert M. , Kulmala Markku , O’Dowd Colin , Dal Maso Miikka , Saiz-Lopez Alfonso , Sipilä Mikko 
Published: January 2021

Significance
Recycling of reactive iodine from heterogeneous processes on sea-salt aerosol was hypothesized over two decades ago to play an important role in the atmospheric cleansing capacity. However, the understanding of this mechanism has been limited to laboratory studies and has not been confirmed in the atmosphere until now. We present atmospheric measurement of gas-phase iodine interhalogen species and show that their production via heterogeneous processing on marine aerosols is remarkably fast. These observations reveal that the atmospheric recycling of atomic iodine through photolysis of iodine interhalogen species is more efficient than previously thought, which is ultimately expected to lead to higher ozone loss and faster new particle formation in the marine environment.
Novel function ofN-acetyltransferase for microtubule stability and JNK signaling inDrosophilaorgan development
Authors: Mok Jung-Wan , Choi Kwang-Wook 
Published: January 2021

SignificancePost-translational modification is crucial for regulating protein function. Acetylation of N-terminal residues is a major form of post-translational modification, but the functions of N-terminal acetyltransferases in vivo are not well understood. Here, we report aDrosophilaNAT, which we name Mnat9, that plays an essential role in development. Loss of Mnat9 leads to the abnormal activation of JNK signaling, causing cell death in developing organs. Additionally, Mnat9 directly binds and stabilizes microtubules. We show that these Mnat9 functions are independent of its acetylation activity. Furthermore, Mnat9 and human NAT9 are functionally conserved. This study shows the developmental function of a microtubule-associated NAT in JNK signaling, providing insight into the function of human NAT9.
Dynamic competition between SARS-CoV-2 NSP1 and mRNA on the human ribosome inhibits translation initiation
Authors: Lapointe Christopher P. , Grosely Rosslyn , Johnson Alex G. , Wang Jinfan , Fernández Israel S. , Puglisi Joseph D. 
Published: January 2021

Significance
SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. A molecular framework for how the virus manipulates host cellular machinery to facilitate infection is needed. Here, we integrate biochemical and single-molecule strategies to reveal molecular insight into how NSP1 from SARS-CoV-2 inhibits translation initiation. NSP1 directly binds to the small (40S) subunit of the human ribosome, which is modulated by human initiation factors. Further, NSP1 and mRNA compete with each other to bind the ribosome. Our findings suggest that the presence of NSP1 on the small ribosomal subunit prevents proper accommodation of the mRNA. How this competition disrupts the many steps of translation initiation is an important target for future studies.
Humanitarian need drives multilateral disaster aid
Authors: Dellmuth Lisa M. , Bender Frida A.-M. , Jönsson Aiden R. , Rosvold Elisabeth L. , von Uexkull Nina 
Published: January 2021

Significance
Threats to human livelihoods resulting from natural hazards are increasing due to climate change. Climate-related disasters such as floods, storms, and droughts have destroyed shelter, reduced crop yields, harmed livestock, and fueled conflict, especially in developing countries. The key finding is that UN aid in the aftermath of climate-related disasters is largely driven by humanitarian need. The UN seems able to fend off donor states’ strategic interest and allocate more aid after disasters where hazard severity is greater and need is more pressing. Based on this finding, we argue that the UN lives up to its stated principles of neutrality, impartiality, and independence in disaster aid, corroborating the legitimacy of the UN in allocating disaster aid.
Loss of sweet taste despite the conservation of sweet receptor genes in insectivorous bats
Authors: Jiao Hengwu , Xie Huan-Wang , Zhang Libiao , Zhuoma Nima , Jiang Peihua , Zhao Huabin 
Published: January 2021

SignificanceThe sense of taste provides key information on diet, but evolution of taste receptor genes in vertebrates is sometimes unable to predict their feeding ecology. Here we use behavioral experiments and functional assays to demonstrate the loss of sweet taste despite the conservation of sweet receptor genes in insectivorous bats. Although sweet taste receptor genes were highly conserved between frugivorous and insectivorous bats at the sequence level, our behavioral experiments revealed dramatic divergence in two bat species with distinct diets: the insectivorous bat showed no preference for natural sugars, whereas the frugivorous bat showed strong preferences for sucrose and fructose. Our cell-based assays from multiple representative bat species across the phylogeny further supported the behavioral preference tests.
The moral work of becoming a professional
Authors: Nissi Riikka , Pässilä Anne 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In contemporary working life, art-based initiatives are increasingly used in organizational training and
development. For artists, this has created new employment opportunities as creative entrepreneurs who provide specialist services
for workplaces. In this article, we study the dynamics of such encounters through the narrated accounts of training professionals.
Our data come from a professional mentoring program where the working pairs of artists and consultants shared stories about their
customer projects. By using conversation analysis as a method, we analyze the way stories are interactionally accomplished in peer
group sessions of the program. In particular, we analyze how participants produce different versions of the narrated events, and
by so doing, negotiate the questions of blame and accountability with regard to professional action. In conclusion, we discuss
stories and storytelling as organizational practice through which the moral order and legitimacy of the program is sustained and
the boundaries of the profession constructed.
Effects of different goal orientations and virtual opponents performance level on pacing strategy and performance in cycling time trials
Authors: Crivoi do Carmo Everton , Renfree Andrew , Nishimura Vieira Caio Yudi , Ferreira Diego dos Santos , Truffi Gabriel Abrahão , Barroso Renato 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTWe investigated the effects of different performance goals (best time vs. beat the opponent) on pacing behaviour during a 10‐km cycling race and explored the influence of different performance level of opponents on ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), affective feelings and self‐efficacy. Thirteen cyclists performed two time‐trials (TT) and two races against a faster (FAST +6%) or a slower (SLOW –3%) virtual opponent. Power output (PO), RPE, affective feelings and self‐efficacy were recorded at each kilometre point. Race average and race phases [starting (P1 = first kilometre); first half (P2 = 2nd–5th kilometre); second half (P3 = 6th–9th kilometre) and final sprint (FS = last kilometre)] were analysed. There was no difference in performance, assessed by race time between conditions (p = .84). PO during TT was lower in P3 compared to FS (p = .03; ES 0.6; 90%CI 0.4–0.7). In SLOW and FAST, PO was higher in P1 compared to other phases (p < .05). PO in FS was higher in TT compared to FAST (p = .01; ES −0.97; 90%IC −1.4 to −0.5). RPE increased and affective feelings decreased during all conditions. Self‐efficacy was stable through TT and SLOW, but decreased during FAST with higher values in P1 compared to P2 (p = .01; ES −1.1; 90%IC −1.6 to −0.6), P3 (p < .001; ES −2.2; 90%IC −2.8 to −1.6) and FS (p < .001; ES −2.6; 90%IC −3.3 to −1.8). Pacing behaviour, specifically starting and final sprint, was affected by virtual opponents independent of performance level, demonstrating the importance of goal orientation.Highlights
Adjustments in exercise intensity result from a complex decision‐making process involving physiological, psychological, environmental and tactical information.
Goal pursuit is an important determinant of pacing behaviour since athletes must balance their efforts with expectations of success.
A competitive environment may be included to motivate participants to maintain their effort and at the same time to improve their self‐confidence.
The presence of a final sprint seems to be related to the goal orientation and perceived outcomes of success or failure.
Survey of texture zeros with light Dirac neutrinos
Authors: Borgohain Happy , Borah Debasish 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We classify all possible texture zeros in a light neutrino mass matrix in a diagonal charged lepton basis by considering the Dirac nature of light neutrinos. For the Hermitian nature of neutrino mass matrix, the number of possible texture zeros remain the same as Majorana texture zeros, but with less free parameters due to the absence of additional Majorana CP phases. Relaxing the Hermitian nature of the neutrino mass matrix leads to many more possibilities and freedom due to additional CP phases, mixing angles not constrained by neutrino data. While we find only a very few of the one-zero and two-zero textures in the Hermitian case to be allowed, in the non-Hermitian case some textures even with four zeros are allowed. While most of the one-zero, two-zero and three-zero textures in this case are allowed, four-zero textures are tightly constrained with only six allowed out of 126 possibilities. The allowed textures also give interesting correlations between light neutrino parameters with sharp distinctions between normal and inverted mass ordering. Many of these allowed textures also saturate the Planck 2018 upper bound on the sum of absolute neutrino masses.
Mechanical properties and deformation behavior of the magnesium crystal with nano-cracks
Authors: Li Nan , Ding Ning , Zhou Jixue , Liu Long , Zaïri Fahmi , Yang Yuansheng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Understanding how intrinsic defects impact magnesium (Mg) crystals mechanics is of prime importance for engineering applications. In this work, the mechanical performance of Mg crystals with cracks at the nanoscale was studied using molecular dynamics method. Influence of the nano-crack type and size on the deformation behavior of Mg crystals was analyzed in details. The obtained results show that the mechanical properties of Mg crystals decrease with the increase of the nano-crack length (perpendicular to the tensile direction). However, the yield stress of Mg crystals is enhanced by increasing the nano-crack width (parallel to the tensile direction) while the nano-crack length remains unchanged. The effect of temperature on Young’s modulus of Mg crystals is weak along z-axis, while Young’s modulus along y-axis is clearly temperature-dependent. The yield stress of Mg crystals decreases with increasing temperature. The appearance of twins is the main deformation mechanism in Mg crystal along z-axis while the deformation begins with the formation of a prismatic slip along y-axis. The results obtained in this work would provide useful information for further mechanical properties regulation of Mg crystals.