bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical Screening and Determination of Polyphenols in the Hydro-Ethanolic Extract of Trunk Bark and Its Fractions of Stereospermum kunthianium Cham (Bignoniaceae)
Authors: Sarr Abdou , Dieng Serigne Ibra Mbacké , Diatta-Badji Kady , Mbaye Amadou Ibrahima , Diatta William , Ka Awa , Fall Alioune Dior , Bassène Emmanuel 
Published: January 2021

Background : Stereospermum kunthianum Cham., is a medicinal plant from the Bignoniaceae family, used in Ferlo (Senegal) against stomach aches, as a healing agent and aphrodisiac.Aims/Objective : The aim of this study was to contribute to the valorisation of the plant by carrying out a phytochemical screening followed by an assay of the polyphenols of the hydro-ethanolic extract of the bark and its fractions.Methods : Phytochemical screening was carried out by coloring and/or precipitation reactions. The total polyphenol and tannin contents were evaluated by the Folin-Denis method and the flavonoid content by a method using aluminium chloride (AlCl 3 ) and sodium nitrite (NaNO 2 ).
Results: The search for chemical compounds revealed the presence of various secondary metabolites such as gallic and catechic tannins, flavonoids, saponosides, alkaloids, sterols and polyterpenes. The total polyphenol contents of the samples ranged from 0.81 ± 0.02 to 13.52 ± 0.06 mg EAT / g. Those of tannins and flavonoids were between 0.03 ± 0.01 and 4.56 ± 0.02 mg EAT / g and between 1.13 ± 0.04 to 31.88 ± 0.19 mg ER / g respectively.Conclusion : These different metabolites would be responsible for the activities noticed for this plant.
Speech Fluency Disorders: A Review of Studies Conducted Over the Past Five Decades (1970-2020)
Authors: Qureshi Naseem Akhtar , Aldossari Ali Mubarak , Alhabeeb Abdulhameed Abdullah 
Published: January 2021

Background: Speech fluency disorder(SFD), a common disorder is reported in all age groups of people but most commonly in children around the world.
Objective: This study aimed to review critically several aspects of SFD, specifically epidemiological parameters, etiological foundations, clinical and treatment perspectives.
Methods: Electronic searches of relevant data published (1970-2020) in PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Science Direct databases were made using the Boolean operators and keywords and following iterative process 194 papers selected for this review.
Results: Speech fluency disorder presents in a variety of forms including acquired neurogenic and psychogenic stuttering is a complex, challenging neurological disorder. SFD is determined by diverse biopsychosocial and cultural etiologies, commonly afflicts male children at age 2-3 years compared to their counterparts (4:1 ratio). SFD manifests a variety of signs and symptoms, and up to 85% children who stutter improves spontaneously with or without intervention. Childhood developmental stuttering (CDS) persists in 1-2% of adults and persistent developmental stuttering (PDS) is again male-gender condition. Persons who stutter (PWS) are managed by non-pharmacological especially speech therapy and pharmacological interventions in particular dopamine antagonists. Gender, early intervention, chronicity, severity, language skills, and comorbid conditions mainly determine the prognosis and outcome of stuttering.
Conclusion: Extensive data concerning different perspectives of SFD is published globally, and projected better understanding of most speech disfluencies. Nonetheless, research need to be conducted to develop and provide better quality services to all PWS and to reduce the discrimination against PWS around the world.
Study of the Neonatal Resuscitation and Adaptation Score (NRAS) Compared to the Apgar Score in Neonatal Resuscitation
Authors: Elglil Aya Mohamed Abd , Ibrahim Ashraf Mohamed , Shihab Nihal Salah , Mashad Abd El Rahman Mohamed El 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: The Neonatal Resuscitation and Adaptation Score (NRAS) was developed to address the concerns regarding how resuscitation impacts the Apgar score and how it can be accounted for in the scoring assessment.
Aims: The objective of this work was to compare between the Neonatal Resuscitation and Adaptation Score (NRAS) and the Apgar score, to determine the correlation between the two scoring systems, and their predictive ability for mortality and short-term morbidities.
Methodology: This study was a prospective cohort study. It was carried out on 410 neonates in Tanta University Hospital. Both Apgar and NRAS scores were recorded for all cases at 1st and 5th minutes of life. The scores were divided into three categories: Low (0-3), Middle (4-6), High (7-10). All neonates were followed up for 48 hours. Correlation between both scores and neonatal outcome were recorded.
Results: There was a significant positive correlation between Apgar and NRAS scores at both 1st and 5th minutes. NRAS score was more précised in discriminating neonatal admissions, mortality, need for respiratory support and morbidities than Apgar score at both 1st and 5th minutes. The regression model revealed that Apgar 5th min and both of NRAS 1st and 5th minutes were significant predictors for neonatal mortality and morbidities. The most significant predictor was NRAS 1st min.
Conclusion: Both scores can be used in assessing the neonatal condition. The most significant predictor for neonatal mortality and morbidities was NRAS 1st min.
Development of Proxy Models for Screening Water Flood and Gas Flood Candidates
Authors: Olanipekun Moyosore, , U. Akpabio, Julius , O. Isehunwa, Sunday 
Published: January 2021

Fluid-flood and other improved oil recovery techniques are becoming prominent in global petroleum production because a large proportion of production is from mature oil fields. Although water flooding and gas injection are well established techniques in the industry, several of the screening criteria in literature are discipline which could sometimes be subjective. This work used experimental design techniques to develop proxy models for predicting oil recovery under water-flood and gas-flood conditions.
The objective of the study is to develop a quantitative screening method that would allow for candidates to be evaluated and ranked for water flood or gas injection. The model was applied to some field cases and compared with published models and the well-known Welge Analysis method. The coefficient constants for the oil formation volume factor for water flooding and gas injection was 0.0139 and 0.0434 respectively. Similarly, the coefficient constants for water injection and gas injection for the generated proxy model was -2.34* 10-8 and -6.1 *10-5 respectively. The results show that the proxy models developed are quite robust and can be used for first pass screening of water and gas flood candidates.
Effect of Annealing, Acid Hydrolysis and Branching Enzyme on Dioscorea schimperiana Starch Technological and Functional Properties
Authors: William Djeukeu Asongni , Fabien Dongho Dongmo Fabrice , Solange Leng Marlyse , Inocent Gouado 
Published: January 2021

Aims: To assess its technological aptitude and functional properties, Dioscorea schimperiana starch was submitted to various treatment of technological importance and its properties was evaluated.
Methodology: For this aim, the starch extracted from Dioscorea schimperiana tubers and was submitted to annealing, acid hydrolysis and to a branching enzyme (1, 4-α-glucan branching enzyme). Afterward, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gelatinization profile, physicochemical and functional properties of the samples was recorded.
Results: FTIR spectra show the introduction and withdrawal of bond in modified samples. The thermal properties (DSC) of starch were not affected by annealing (AS) and enzymatic treatment (EBS). No peak temperature and gelatinization profile were observed for acid hydrolyzed samples (AHS) on Rapid Visco Analyzer. Annealing and enzyme treatment lead to an increase of the starch peak viscosity of while reducing its breakdown. The functional properties of the starch such as swelling capacity, least swelling concentration and water binding capacity were increased by annealing. Acid hydrolysis significantly increases in vitro digestibility of D. schimperiana starch while no significant change was observed after annealing and enzymatic modification, thus presenting it as particularly resistant to digestion.
Conclusion: This study suggests that annealing can be considered for the production of D. schimperiana modified starch with high technological and functional properties.
Rhodohalobacter
Authors: Xia Jun , Du Zong‐Jun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Rhodohalobacter
(Rho.do.ha.lo.bac'ter. Gr. neut. n.
rhodon
, the rose; Gr. masc. n.
hals, halos
, salt; N.L. masc. n.
bacter
, rod; N.L. masc. n.
Rhodohalobacter
, a red halophile.)

Balneolaeota / Balneolia / Balneolales / Balneolaceae / Rhodohalobacter

Rhodohalobacter
is a genus within the family
Balneolaceae
, order
Balneolales
, class
Balneolia
, and phylum
Balneolaeota
. It currently includes two species –
Rhodohalobacter halophilus
(type species) and
Rhodohalobacter barkolensis
. Cells of
Rhodohalobacter
are rod‐shaped, nonmotile, lack flagella, Gram‐stain‐negative, facultatively anaerobic or strictly aerobic, heterotrophic, catalase‐positive, and oxidase negative. Optimal growth is observed at 37 or 40°C, pH 7.5 or 7.5–8.5, and 2–3 or 8–10% (w/v) NaCl. No growth occurs in the absence of NaCl. Negative for nitrate reduction. The major cellular fatty acids comprise C
16:0
N
alcohol and C
16:1
ω11
c
, and the sole methyl naphthoquinone is MK‐7. The major polar lipids are diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, unidentified glycolipids, unidentified phospholipids, and unidentified lipids. The current known habitats are a marine solar saltern and a saline lake.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 42.4–44.4 (Genome).

Type species
:
Rhodohalobacter halophilus
Xia et al. 2017
VP
.
Phosgene Gas Sensing of Ti2CT2 (T = F−, O−, OH−) MXenes
Authors: Thomas Siby , Asle Zaeem Mohsen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe phosgene gas sensing properties of experimentally produced 2D titanium carbide MXenes with surface terminations (Ti2CT2: T = F−, O−, OH−) are studied by first‐principles calculations. The effect of Ti and C vacancy defects, which are frequently created in synthesizing MXenes, on the structural, mechanical, electronic, and gas adsorption properties are studied to analyze the phosgene gas sensing performance of Ti2CT2 MXenes. Pristine and defective Ti2C, Ti2CF2, and Ti2C(OH)2 show metallicity, making them ideal for gas sensing. Ti (C) vacancy defects in Ti2CO2, Ti2CF2, and Ti2C(OH)2 cause an increase (decrease) in work function, resulting in enhanced interaction between the MXene surface and a gas molecule. When a phosgene gas molecule is exposed on the surface of MXenes, only Ti2C(OH)2 shows stable adsorption and charge transfer. An ultra‐low recovery time, the time between adsorption and desorption of a phosgene gas molecule, is achieved for both pristine and defective Ti2C(OH)2 with Ti vacancy. The results elucidate that a Ti2C(OH)2 based sensor has a high potential for efficient reversible phosgene detection.
The Effect of Mechanical Strain on Lithium Staging in Graphene
Authors: Pondick Joshua V. , Yazdani Sajad , Yarali Milad , Reed Serrae N. , Hynek David J. , Cha Judy J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe development of next‐generation electrodes for metal‐ion batteries requires an understanding of intercalation dynamics in nanomaterials. Herein, it is shown that microscale mechanical strain significantly affects the formation of ordered lithium phases in graphene. In situ Raman spectroscopy of graphene microflakes mechanically constrained at the edge during lithium intercalation reveals a thickness‐dependent increase of up to 1.26 V in the electrochemical potential that induces lithium staging. While the induced mechanical strain energy increases with graphene thickness to the fourth power, its magnitude is small compared to the observed increase in electrochemical energy. It is hypothesized that the mechanical strain energy increases a nucleation barrier for lithium staging, greatly delaying the formation of ordered lithium phases. These results indicate that electrode assembly may critically impact lithium staging dynamics. The present work demonstrates strain engineering in two dimensional (2D) nanomaterials as an effective approach to manipulate phase transitions and chemical reactivity.
Hexagonal RuSe2 Nanosheets for Highly Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalysis
Authors: Zhao Yuanmeng , Cong Hengjiang , Li Peng , Wu Dean , Chen Shengli , Luo Wei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLayered transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) nanomaterials are promising alternatives to platinum (Pt) for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, the family of layered TMDs is mainly limited to Group IV–VII transition metals, while the synthesis of layered TMDs based on metals from other groups still remains a challenge. Herein, we demonstrate by atomic‐resolution transmission electron microscopy that hexagonal RuSe2 (h‐RuSe2) nanosheets with a mixture of 2H and 1T phases can be obtained by a facile bottom‐up colloidal synthetic approach. The obtained h‐RuSe2, which can be transformed into the thermodynamically favorable phase of cubic RuSe2 (c‐RuSe2) only after annealing at 600 °C, exhibits Pt‐like HER performance, with a fivefold turnover frequency enhancement compared to the c‐RuSe2 in alkaline media. Experimental results and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the enhanced adsorption free energies of H2O (ΔG
), optimized adsorption free energies of H (ΔGH*), and increased conductivity of h‐RuSe2 contribute to its superior HER activity.
Cryptic Sulfur Incorporation in Thioangucycline Biosynthesis
Authors: Cao Mingming , Zheng Chengjian , Yang Dong , Kalkreuter Edward , Adhikari Ajeeth , Liu Yu‐Chen , Rateb Mostafa E. , Shen Ben 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSulfur incorporation into natural products is a critical area of biosynthetic studies. Recently, a subset of sulfur‐containing angucyclines has been discovered, and yet, the sulfur incorporation step is poorly understood. In this work, a series of thioether‐bridged angucyclines were discovered, and a cryptic epoxide Michael acceptor intermediate was revealed en route to thioangucyclines (TACs) A and B. However, systematic gene deletion of the biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) by CRISPR/Cas9 could not identify any gene responsible for the conversion of the epoxide intermediate to TACs. Instead, a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments conclusively showed that the conversion is the result of two non‐enzymatic steps, possibly mediated by endogenous hydrogen sulfide. Therefore, the TACs are proposed to derive from a detoxification process. These results are expected to contribute to the study of both angucyclines and the utilization of inorganic sulfur in natural product biosynthesis.
Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Enhanced Nuclear Spin Optical Rotation
Authors: Zhu Yue , Hilty Christian , Savukov Igor 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNuclear spin optical rotation (NSOR) has been investigated as a magneto‐optical effect, which holds the potential for applications, including hybrid optical‐nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and gradientless imaging. The intrinsic nature of NSOR renders its detection relatively insensitive, which has prevented it moving from a proof of concept to a method supporting chemical characterizations. In this work, the dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization technique is introduced to provide nuclear spin polarization, increasing the signal‐to‐noise ratio by several thousand times. NSOR signals of 1H and 19F nuclei are observed in a single scan for diluted compounds, which has made this effect suitable for the determination of electronic transitions from a specific nucleus in a large molecule.
Bottlenose dolphins in the north‐western Adriatic Sea: Abundance and management implications
Authors: Bearzi Giovanni , Bonizzoni Silvia , Riley Melissa A. , Santostasi Nina Luisa 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

The Adriatic Sea is one of the Mediterranean areas most heavily impacted by fishing and other human stressors. The northern part of the basin has been certified as an Important Marine Mammal Area because of the regular occurrence of common bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus.
Boat surveys, totalling 76 days at sea and 10,711 km of navigation, were conducted between April 2018 and October 2019 to assess cetacean abundance within a 3,000‐km2 area off Veneto, Italy. Bottlenose dolphins – the only marine mammal species observed – were encountered on 52 days and were tracked for 81 h and 26 min, resulting in 15,066 dorsal fin photographs of high quality and resolution.
Various capture–recapture models were applied on individual photo‐identification datasets. Model‐based estimates indicate that approximately 600 individuals occurred within the study area during the sampling period in both years. Abundance varied monthly: minimum estimates were obtained in May 2018 (291 individuals; 95% CI 134–630) and May 2019 (121; 95% CI 20–721), whereas maximum estimates were obtained in September 2018 (385; 95% CI 310–477) and October 2019 (494; 95% CI 378–645).
Evidence provided by this study can be used to complement and validate coarse ‘snapshot’ information from recent aerial surveys of the entire Adriatic Sea, and to enforce management action mandated by the European Community (EC) Habitats Directive and Marine Strategy Framework Directive, as well as guiding the EC’s Maritime Spatial Planning.
Synthesis of Quaternary Spirooxindole 2H‐Azirines under Batch and Continuous Flow Condition and Metal Assisted Umpolung Reactivity for the Ring‐Opening Reaction
Authors: Bisht Girish Singh , Dunchu Tenzin Dolkar , Gnanaprakasam Boopathy 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAn efficient and new approach for the synthesis of spirooxindole 2H‐azirines via intramolecular oxidative cyclization of 3‐(amino(phenyl)methylene)‐indolin‐2‐one derivatives in the presence of I2 and Cs2CO3 under batch/continuous flow is described. This method is mild and facile to synthesize a variety of spirooxindole 2H‐azirines derivatives in gram‐scale. Furthermore, we have synthesized spiroaziridine derivatives from spirooxindole 2H‐azirines derivatives via addition of Grignard reagent. In addition, we discloses an metal assisted attack of Grignard nucleophile at N‐centre rather than C‐ of the spirooxindole 2H‐azirines, which concurrently underwent ring opening of transient aziridines to afford N‐substituted Z‐3‐(aminophenyl)indolin‐2‐one. A plausible mechanism for azirination and ring‐opening reaction is also presented.
Electrophoretic‐deposited Superhydrophobic Coatings
Authors: Saji Viswanathan S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractElectrophoretic deposition (EPD) is an excellent surface coating approach widely investigated for applications ranging from solar cells, batteries, electrochemical capacitors, solid oxide fuel cells, sensors, molecular sieves, corrosion‐resistant coatings, and biomedical materials. On the other hand, superhydrophobic (SHPC) surfaces have enticed substantial recent research interest owing to their superb surface properties. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of electrophoretic‐deposited SHPC coatings. Concise descriptions of EPD and superhydrophobicity are provided first, followed by a brief mentioning of works reported on electrophoretic‐deposited SHPC coatings by one‐step or two‐step processing (§2.1). The next section (§2.2) delivers a comprehensive description of these reports based on the micro/nanoparticles used. Works reported in specific applications such as anti‐corrosion, biomedical, and oil‐separation are described in §2.3. Future scopes of research also presented.
Exploiting Nature's Most Abundant Polymers: Developing New Pathways for the Conversion of Cellulose, Hemicellulose, Lignin and Chitin into Platform Molecules (and Beyond)
Authors: Banwell Martin G. , Pollard Brett , Liu Xin , Connal Luke A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe four most prominent forms of biomass are cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and chitin. In efforts to develop sustainable sources of platform molecules there has been an increasing focus on examining how these biopolymers could be exploited as feedstocks that support the chemical supply chain, including in the production of fine chemicals. Many different approaches are possible and some of the ones being developed in the authors’ laboratories are emphasised.
Emerging Trends in Disinfection: Lessons From AWWA’s Disinfection Survey
Authors:   AWWA Disinfection Committee
Published: January 2021

Key TakeawaysEvery 10 years, AWWA releases a survey of disinfection practices in the water sector; taken together, these surveys frame the evolution of potable water disinfection.The most recent survey was conducted in 2017; the report, published in 2018, summarized trends, advantages, and challenges in using the numerous available disinfection technologies.As common as chlorine is for disinfection, its use also comes with challenges. Thus, the 2017 survey examined utilities’ use of alternative disinfectants.
The Value Proposition for Likelihood‐of‐Failure Modeling
Authors: Kahn Christopher 
Published: January 2021

Key TakeawaysA water agency used geographic information system (GIS) predictive modeling and likelihood‐of‐failure (LOF) analysis for prioritizing infrastructure replacement.Robust GIS tools for modeling pipe failure prediction use kernel density and hotspot analysis but also require good data stewardship and sound practice.A GIS‐based LOF model without using artificial intelligence/machine learning can improve decision reliability for water main replacement programs.
Pregnancy outcome after first trimester exposure to vortioxetine: A case series
Authors: Shweiki Siham , Diav‐Citrin Orna 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study was to collect outcome after vortioxetine exposure during the first trimester of pregnancy in a case series.MethodsCallers who were counseled by the Israeli Teratology Information Service (TIS) regarding vortioxetine exposure during pregnancy were prospectively collected and followed‐up by telephone using a structured questionnaire. Outcomes were confirmed by a pediatrician with medical records in the neonatal period.ResultsBetween 2016 and 2019, a total of 19 women were included in the TIS database after first trimester exposure to vortioxetine. Seventeen pregnancy follow‐ups were obtained, while two pregnancies were lost to follow‐up. Eleven pregnancies resulted in 12 live births with no malformations including one set of twins; there were three miscarriages, two terminations, and one stillbirth in week 22. One termination was performed due to prenatal diagnosis of acrania (the woman also took carbamazepine, folic acid and dipyrone), and the second due to fear of abnormalities after cystic hygroma was suspected at week 12 with nuchal translucency of 8.1 mm and no further cytogenetic testing. The twins were born in week 35. Two women continued using the medication until delivery; one of these women reported nursing her baby from birth to up to 1 year, while she continued taking vortioxetine.DiscussionThis case series provides preliminary outcome data on vortioxetine exposure in pregnancy. However, the small sample size calls for caution in the interpretation of results. Denominator‐based studies are needed before conclusions can be drawn.