bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Planar narrowband Tamm plasmon-based hot-electron photodetectors with double distributed Bragg reflectors
Authors: Shao Weijia , Liu Tingting 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Hot-electron photodetectors (HE PDs) are attracting a great deal of attention from plasmonic community. Many efficient HE PDs with various plasmonic nanostructures have been demonstrated, but their preparations usually rely on complicated and costly fabrication techniques. Planar HE PDs are viewed as potential candidates of cost-effective and large-area applications, but they likely fail in the simultaneous achievement of outstanding optical absorption and hot-electron collection. To reconcile the contradiction between optical and electrical requirements, herein, we propose a planar HE PD based on optical Tamm plasmons (TPs) consisted of an ultrathin gold film (10 nm) sandwiched between two distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs). Simulated results show that strong optical absorption (>0.95) in the ultrathin Au film is realized. Electrical calculations show that the predicted peak photo-responsivity of proposed HE PD with double DBRs is over two times larger than that of conventional single-DBR HE PD. Moreover, the planar dual-DBR HE PDs exhibit a narrowband photodetection functionality and sustained performance under oblique incidences. The optical nature associated with TP resonance is elaborated.
Relationships between injury kinematics, neurological recovery, and pathology following concussion
Authors: Wofford Kathryn L , Grovola Michael R , Adewole Dayo O , Browne Kevin D , Putt Mary E , O’Donnell John C , Cullen D Kacy 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMild traumatic brain injury affects millions of individuals annually primarily through falls, traffic collisions, or blunt trauma and can generate symptoms that persist for years. Closed-head rotational loading is the most common cause of mild traumatic brain injury and is defined by a rapid rotational acceleration of brain tissue within an intact skull. Injury kinematics—the mechanical descriptors of injury-inducing motion—explain movement of the head, which govern energy transfer, and, therefore, determine injury severity. However, the relationship between closed-head rotational injury kinematics—such as angular velocity, angular acceleration, and injury duration—and outcome after mild traumatic brain injury is not completely understood. To address this gap in knowledge, we analysed archived surgical records of 24 swine experiencing a diffuse closed-head rotational acceleration mild traumatic brain injury against 12 sham animals. Kinematics were contrasted against acute recovery outcomes, specifically apnea time, extubation time, standing time, and recovery duration. Compared to controls, animals experiencing a mild traumatic brain injury were far more likely to have apnea (P &lt; 0.001), shorter time to extubation (P = 0.023), and longer time from extubation to standing (P = 0.006). Using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator-based regressions, kinematic parameters, including maximum negative angular velocity and time from peak angular velocity to maximum angular deceleration, were selected to explain variation in apnea time, standing time, and recovery duration. Simplified linear models employing the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator-selected variables explained a modest degree of variation in apnea time (adjusted R2 = 0.18), standing time (adjusted R2 = 0.19), and recovery duration (adjusted R2 = 0.27). Neuropathology was correlated with multiple injury kinematics, with maximum angular acceleration exhibiting the strongest correlation (R2 = 0.66). Together, these data suggest the interplay between multiple injury kinematics, including maximum negative angular velocity (immediately preceding cessation of head motion) and time from peak angular velocity to maximum angular deceleration, best explain acute recovery metrics and neuropathology after mild traumatic brain injury in swine. Future experiments that independently manipulate individual kinematic parameters could be instrumental in developing translational diagnostics for clinical mild traumatic brain injury.
Circular RNA Sequencing Reveals Serum Exosome Circular RNA Panel for High-Grade Astrocytoma Diagnosis
Authors: Li Peiyao , Xu Zihao , Liu Tao , Liu Qing , Zhou Hecheng , Meng Shujuan , Feng Ziyang , Tang Ying , Liu Changhong , Feng Jianbo , Fu Haijuan , Liu Qiang , Wu Minghua 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Although major advances have been made in the histopathological diagnosis of high-grade astrocytoma (HGA), methods for effective and noninvasive diagnosis remain largely unknown. Exosomes can cross the blood–brain barrier and are readily accessible in human biofluids, making them promising biomarkers for HGA. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have potential as tumor biomarkers owing to their stability, conservation, and tissue specificity. However, the landscape and characteristics of exosome circRNAs in HGA remain to be studied.

Methods
CircRNA deep sequencing and bioinformatics approaches were used to generate a circRNA profiling database and analyze the features of HGA cell circRNAs and HGA cell-derived exosome circRNAs. Exosome circRNA expression in the serum and tissues of healthy individuals and patients with HGA was detected using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Additionally, the receiver operating characteristic curve and overall survival curves were analyzed.

Results
By investigating the characteristics of HGA cell-derived exosome circRNAs and HGA cell circRNAs, we observed that exosomes were more likely to enrich short-exon and suppressor circRNAs than HGA cells. Moreover, a serum exosome circRNA panel including hsa_circ_0075828, hsa_circ_0003828, and hsa_circ_0002976 could be used to screen for HGA, whereas a good prognosis panel comprised high concentrations of hsa_circ_0005019, hsa_circ_0000880, hsa_circ_0051680, and hsa_circ_0006365.

Conclusions
This study revealed a comprehensive circRNA landscape in HGA exosomes and cells. The serum exosome circexosome circRNA panel and tissue circRNAs are potentially useful for HGA liquid biopsy and prognosis monitoring. Exosome circRNAs as novel targets should facilitate further biomarker discovery and aid in HGA diagnosis and therapy monitoring.
Clinical Frailty Scale classes are independently associated with 6-month mortality for patients after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Ekerstad Niklas , Javadzadeh Dariush , Alexander Karen P , Bergström Olle , Eurenius Lars , Fredrikson Mats , Gudnadottir Gudny , Held Claes , Ängerud Karin Hellström , Jahjah Radwan , Jernberg Tomas , Mattsson Ewa , Melander Kjell , Mellbin Linda , Ohlsson Monica , Ravn-Fischer Annica , Svennberg Lars , Yndigegn Troels , Alfredsson Joakim 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Aims
Data on the prognostic value of frailty to guide clinical decision-making for patients with myocardial infarction (MI) are scarce. To analyse the association between frailty classification, treatment patterns, in-hospital outcomes, and 6-month mortality in a large population of patients with MI.

Methods and results
An observational, multicentre study with a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data using the SWEDEHEART registry. In total, 3381 MI patients with a level of frailty assessed using the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS-9) were included. Of these patients, 2509 (74.2%) were classified as non-vulnerable non-frail (CFS 1–3), 446 (13.2%) were vulnerable non-frail (CFS 4), and 426 (12.6%) were frail (CFS 5–9). Frailty and non-frail vulnerability were associated with worse in-hospital outcomes compared with non-frailty, i.e. higher rates of mortality (13.4% vs. 4.0% vs. 1.8%), cardiogenic shock (4.7% vs. 2.5% vs. 1.9%), and major bleeding (4.5% vs. 2.7% vs. 1.1%) (all P &lt; 0.001), and less frequent use of evidence-based therapies. In Cox regression analyses, frailty was strongly and independently associated with 6-month mortality compared with non-frailty, after adjustment for age, sex, the GRACE risk score components, and other potential risk factors [hazard ratio (HR) 3.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.30–4.79]. A similar pattern was seen for vulnerable non-frail patients (fully adjusted HR 2.07, 95% CI 1.41–3.02).

Conclusion
Frailty assessed with the CFS was independently and strongly associated with all-cause 6-month mortality, also after comprehensive adjustment for baseline differences in other risk factors. Similarly, non-frail vulnerability was independently associated with higher mortality compared with those with preserved functional ability.
US fathers’ reports of bonding, infant temperament and psychosocial stress based on family sleep arrangements
Authors: Gettler Lee T , Kuo Patty X , Sarma Mallika S , Lefever Jennifer E Burke , Cummings E Mark , McKenna James J , Braungart-Rieker Julia M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background and objectives
Evolutionary-grounded sleep research has been critical to establishing the mutual dependence of breastfeeding and nighttime sleep proximity for mothers and infants. Evolutionary perspectives on cosleeping also often emphasize the emotional motivations for and potential benefits of sleep proximity, including for parent-infant bonding. However, this potential link between infant sleep location and bonding remains understudied for both mothers and fathers. Moreover, in Euro-American contexts bedsharing has been linked to family stress and difficult child temperament, primarily via maternal reports. We know relatively little about whether paternal psychosocial dynamics differ based on family sleep arrangements, despite fathers and other kin often being present in the cosleeping environment across cultures. Here, we aim to help address some of these gaps in knowledge pertaining to fathers and family sleep arrangements.

Methodology
Drawing on a sample of Midwestern U.S. fathers (N=195), we collected sociodemographic and survey data to analyze links between infant nighttime sleep location, paternal psychosocial well-being, father-infant bonding, and infant temperament. From fathers’ reports, families were characterized as routinely solitary sleeping, bedsharing, or roomsharing (without bedsharing).

Results
We found that routinely roomsharing or bedsharing fathers, respectively, reported stronger bonding than solitary sleepers. Bedsharing fathers also reported that their infants had more negative temperaments and also tended to report greater parenting-related stress due to difficulties with their children.

Conclusions
These cross-sectional results help to highlight how a practice with deep phylogenetic and evolutionary history, such as cosleeping, can be variably expressed within communities with the potential for family-dependent benefits or strains.
Predictive value of baseline cognitive functioning on health-related quality of life in individuals with coronary artery disease: a 5-year longitudinal study
Authors: Kazukauskiene Nijole , Fineberg Naomi A , Bunevicius Adomas , Narvaez Linares Nicolás Francisco , Poitras Marilou , Plamondon Helene , Pranckeviciene Aiste , Gecaite-Stonciene Julija , Brozaitiene Julija , Varoneckas Giedrius , Mickuviene Narseta , Burkauskas Julius 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Aims
Emerging studies suggest an association exists between coronary artery disease (CAD) and the development of neurodegenerative diseases, with CAD acting as a precursor. Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between baseline measures of cognitive functioning and long-term health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in individuals with CAD with specification to Type D personality traits and sex.

Methods and results
This prospective observational cohort study consisted of 864 participants (mean age 58 SD = 9 years, 74.0% men) with CAD after acute coronary syndrome. Baseline characteristics included comprehensive cognitive testing, measures of sociodemographic and clinical factors, and psychological assessment scales, such as Type D personality scale and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale. The Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire assessed participants’ HRQoL, conducted through phone interviews at baseline, every 6 months for up to 2 years, and after 5 years. Cognitive functioning correlated with HRQoL at all time intervals over the 5-year follow-up. Regarding sex and Type D personality, significant differences emerged in associations between impaired cognitive functioning at baseline and HRQoL measured over the period of 5 years. Men participants with characteristics of Type D personality were especially vulnerable to impaired cognitive functioning affecting the 5-year quality of life.

Conclusion
Men with CAD who obtained scores indicating characteristics of Type D personality were significantly more likely to have lower baseline cognitive functions and long-term HRQoL outcomes. This information could inform healthcare practitioners to screen for personality characteristics and closely follow-up those at a greater risk.
Eye-Transcriptome and Genome-Wide Sequencing for Scolecophidia: Implications for Inferring the Visual System of the Ancestral Snake
Authors: Gower David J , Fleming James F , Pisani Davide , Vonk Freek J , Kerkkamp Harald M I , Peichl Leo , Meimann Sonja , Casewell Nicholas R , Henkel Christiaan V , Richardson Michael K , Sanders Kate L , Simões Bruno F 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Molecular genetic data have recently been incorporated in attempts to reconstruct the ecology of the ancestral snake, though this has been limited by a paucity of data for one of the two main extant snake taxa, the highly fossorial Scolecophidia. Here we present and analyze vision genes from the first eye-transcriptomic and genome-wide data for Scolecophidia, for Anilios bicolor, and A. bituberculatus, respectively. We also present immunohistochemistry data for retinal anatomy and visual opsin-gene expression in Anilios. Analyzed in the context of 19 lepidosaurian genomes and 12 eye transcriptomes, the new genome-wide and transcriptomic data provide evidence for a much more reduced visual system in Anilios than in non-scolecophidian (=alethinophidian) snakes and in lizards. In Anilios, there is no evidence of the presence of 7 of the 12 genes associated with alethinophidian photopic (cone) phototransduction. This indicates extensive gene loss and many of these candidate gene losses occur also in highly fossorial mammals with reduced vision. Although recent phylogenetic studies have found evidence for scolecophidian paraphyly, the loss in Anilios of visual genes that are present in alethinophidians implies that the ancestral snake had a better-developed visual system than is known for any extant scolecophidian.
Cross-National Perspectives on Aging and Place: Implications for Age-Friendly Cities and Communities
Authors: Woolrych Ryan , Sixsmith Judith , Duvvuru Jamuna , Portella Adriana , Fang Mei Lan , Menezes Deborah , Henderson James , Fisher Jenny , Lawthom Rebecca 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background and Objectives
The age-friendly cities and communities (AFCC) agenda has led to a range of policy initiatives aimed at supporting aging in place for older people. While there is case study evidence of how people age across urban contexts, there has been little research exploring cross-national understandings of age-friendly places among older people. The objective of this article is to identify the place experiences of older people living across cities and communities in India, Brazil, and the United Kingdom and to discuss implications for the AFCC agenda.

Research Design and Methods
A total of 300 semistructured interviews were undertaken with older people across 9 cities and 27 communities in India, Brazil, and the United Kingdom. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis undertaken by each national team and then discussed and revised at collaborative workshops with researchers from each of the 3 country teams.

Results
The data capture the ways in which place is constructed from the perspective of older people drawing upon social, community, and cultural dimensions of aging across diverse urban environments. We explore how older people negotiate place in the context of their everyday life and identify the relational and interconnected ways in which place attachment, belonging, and identity are constructed.

Discussion and Implications
Age-friendly interventions need to attend to the changing physical, social and cultural dimensions of aging and place. Integrated place-making practices are required to support older people to age in the right place across rapidly transforming urban contexts globally.
Stress drops of hydraulic fracturing induced microseismicity in the Horn River basin: challenges at high frequencies recorded by borehole geophones
Authors: Klinger Adam G , Werner Maximilian J 
Published: November 2021

SUMMARYThe ground motions caused by seismicity associated with fluid injection can pose a significant hazard. Borehole geophone arrays can provide access to tiny seismic events, which can extend the investigated magnitude range. However, the high frequency phase arrivals (i.e., &gt;100 Hz) also present challenges associated with high frequency cut-offs (fmax), stronger attenuation and resonances within geophones. These effects limit our ability to accurately constrain attenuation models and high frequency source parameters. We investigate 112 −0.6 $\le \, M_{\rm w}\, \le$ 0.7 seismic events and calculate corner frequencies and stress drops from 90 of these events recorded during hydraulic fracturing treatment in the Horn River basin, British Columbia. High frequency resonances (&gt;250 Hz) caused by spurious frequency excitation and/or coupling issues can significantly distort the shape of phase arrival spectra and affect source parameter estimates. Critically, resonances vary in strength between (nearly) colocated events, which may compromise the validity of a spectral ratio approach. For stations showing the cleanest spectra, the Brune model provides a decent fit to the displacement spectra. However, bandwidth limitations, low signal-to-noise ratios, high frequency cut-offs and significant attenuation still hinder our ability to retrieve high frequency source parameters. We find that a frequency independent Qp = 180 ± 40 provides a reasonable model for crustal attenuation but the large uncertainty caused by resonances prevents a robust constraint. From those events that show the best fits, we find a mean Madariaga corner frequency of 210 Hz ± 30 from P-phase arrivals, which is in the range of expected values if self-similarity extends into negative magnitudes. We also calculate a mean stress drop of 1.6 MPa ± 1.2, which is within the tectonic range but slightly lower than other deeper regional studies, which can be explained by lower effective stresses and/or a lower crustal shear strength. We find no evidence for a change in stress drop with depth or distance from the point of injection. A plausible explanation is that effective stresses are lowered relatively quickly over the entire fault zone via direct hydraulic connections. However, the large uncertainties make it difficult to interpret source parameter variability in detail. For high resolution monitoring and source properties of microseismicity, there is an urgent need for high quality high frequency recordings unaffected by spurious frequencies.
Controlled Mass Rearing of Cochineal Insect (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae) Using Two Laboratory-Scale Production Systems in Peru
Authors: Roque-Rodríguez Francisco Javier 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe carmine cochineal (Dactylopius coccus Costa) has high economic value as it is a natural source of carminic acid, an organic chromophore used in a wide range of sectors including pharmaceutics, food, and cosmetics. High demand is fuelling the search for innovative production techniques in order to move away from dependence on the prickly pear, which carries a number of limitations. The aim of this study was to establish cochineal colonies and breed and mass-produce the insects using two laboratory-scale production systems. The first system (STC-01) comprised a prismatic acrylic box with three compartments; synthetic matrices were placed vertically inside the box to provide support and a source of nutrients for the cochineal, and the system was lit artificially during fixed daylight periods. The second system (STC-02) comprised an automated micro-tunnel allowing the insects to move towards the sunlight, containing synthetic matrices arranged horizontally. There was a significant difference in yield between the two systems in a cochineal total life cycle of 120 d (80–90 d harvest period in both cases), with STC-01 being superior and producing a maximum yield of 4.86 ± 0.68 g fresh weight per day per square metre compared with 3.20 ± 0.14 g fresh weight per day per square metre production yield in STC-02. We conclude that cochineal production under controlled artificial conditions is feasible and sustainable, removing the need for natural and biological support and overcoming the environmental limitations posed by traditional production methods.
Determining habitat requirements for the southeastern pocket gopher (Geomys pinetis) at multiple scales
Authors: Parsons Elizabeth I , Gitzen Robert A , Pynne J T , Conner L Mike , Castleberry Steven B , Duncan Sarah I , Austin James D , McCleery Robert A 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPocket gophers provide vital ecosystem services; however, species like the southeastern pocket gopher (Geomys pinetis), endemic to the southeastern United States, are declining. Long-term conservation of this species requires greater understanding of its habitat characteristics. Our objective here was to determine habitat features associated with southeastern pocket gopher occurrence at the local (100 ha) and home-range (0.09 ha) scales. We assessed occurrence and carried out vegetation surveys at 177 sites across the species’ range during the growing season (March–September) 2016–2017. At the local scale, we found a negative relationship between occurrence and groundcover height and a quadratic relationship with canopy closure. At the home-range scale, occurrence was positively related to grass groundcover and had a quadratic relationship with canopy closure. Restoration of southeastern pocket gopher habitat should focus on creating or maintaining areas with intermediate canopy (~45–55%) and an understory dominated by grasses and forbs.