bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the optical measurement of microparticle charge using quantum dots
Authors: Pustylnik M Y , Marvi Z , Beckers J 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe investigated the possibility of using a layer of quantum dots (QDs) deposited on the microparticle surface for the measurement of the charge the microparticle acquires when immersed into a plasma. To that end, we performed the calculations of the Stark shift of the photoluminescence spectrum of QDs caused by the fluctuating local electric field. In our calculations, we assumed the plasma-delivered surplus electrons to be distributed on the surface of a microparticle. According to our calculations, the Stark shift will acquire measurable values when the lifetime of the quasi-stationary configuration of the surplus electrons will be determined by their diffusion along the surface. Experiments with flat QD-covered floating plasma-facing surfaces suggest that measurable Stark shift of the photoluminescence spectrum can be achieved. Based on our model, modern microscopic plasma-surface interaction theories and analysis of the experiments, we suggest the possible design of the charge microsensor, which will allow to measure the charge accumulated on its surface by means of visible-light optics.
Controlled growth of silicon particles via plasma pulsing and their application as battery material
Authors: Schwan Joseph , Wagner Brandon , Kim Minseok , Mangolini Lorenzo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The use of silicon nanoparticles for lithium-ion batteries requires a precise control over both their average size and their size distribution. Particles larger than the generally accepted critical size of 150 nm fail during lithiation because of excessive swelling, while very small particles (<10 nm) inevitably lead to a poor first cycle coulombic efficiency because of their excessive specific surface area. Both mechanisms induce irreversible capacity losses and are detrimental to the anode functionality. In this manuscript we describe a novel approach for enhanced growth of nanoparticles to ∼20 nm using low-temperature flow-through plasma reactors via pulsing. Pulsing of the RF power leads to a significant increase in the average particle size, all while maintaining the particles well below the critical size for stable operation in a lithium-ion battery anode. A zero-dimensional aerosol plasma model is developed to provide insights into the dynamics of particle agglomeration and growth in the pulsed plasma reactor. The accelerated growth correlates with the shape of the particle size distribution in the afterglow, which is in turn controlled by parameters such as metastable density, gas and electron temperature. The accelerated agglomeration in each afterglow phase is followed by rapid sintering of the agglomerates into single-crystal particles in the following plasma-on phase. This study highlights the potential of non-thermal plasma reactors for the synthesis of functional nanomaterials, while also underscoring the need for better characterization of their fundamental parameters in transient regimes.
Review of soft fluidic actuators: classification and materials modeling analysis
Authors: Pagoli Amir , Chapelle Frédéric , Corrales-Ramon Juan-Antonio , Mezouar Youcef , Lapusta Yuri 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Soft actuators can be classified into five categories: tendon-driven actuators, electroactive polymers, shape-memory materials, soft fluidic actuators (SFAs), and hybrid actuators. The characteristics and potential challenges of each class are explained at the beginning of this review. Furthermore, recent advances especially focusing on SFAs are illustrated. There are already some impressive SFA designs to be found in the literature, constituting a fundamental basis for design and inspiration. The goal of this review is to address the latest innovative designs for SFAs and their challenges and improvements with respect to previous generations, and to help researchers to select appropriate materials for their application. We suggest seven influential designs: pneumatic artificial muscle, PneuNet, continuum arm, universal granular gripper, origami soft structure, vacuum-actuated muscle-inspired pneumatic, and hydraulically amplified self-healing electrostatic. The hybrid design of SFAs for improved functionality and shape controllability is also considered. Modeling SFAs, based on previous research, can be classified into three main groups: analytical methods, numerical methods, and model-free methods. We demonstrate the latest advances and potential challenges in each category. Regarding the fact that the performance of soft actuators is dependent on material selection, we then focus on the behaviors and mechanical properties of the various types of silicone that can be found in the SFA literature. For a better comparison of the different constitutive models of silicone materials proposed and tested in the literature, ABAQUS software is here employed to generate the engineering and true strain-stress data from the constitutive models, and compare them with standard uniaxial tensile test data based on ASTM412. Although the figures presented show that in a small range of stress–strain data, most of these models can predict the material model acceptably, few of them predict it accurately for large strain-stress values. Sensor technology integrated into SFAs is also being developed, and has the potential to increase controllability and observability by detecting a wide variety of data such as curvature, tactile contacts, produced force, and pressure values.
Characterization of energy dissipative cushions made of Ni–Ti shape memory alloy
Authors: Güllü Ahmet , Danquah Josiah Owusu , Dilibal Savaş 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Earthquake-resistant design of structures requires dissipating seismic energy by deformations of structural members or additional fuse elements. Owing to its easy-to-produce, plug-and-play, high equivalent damping ratio, and large displacement capacity characteristics, energy dissipative steel cushions (SCs) were found to be an efficient candidate for this purpose. However, similar to other conventional metallic dampers, residual displacement after a strong shaking is the most notable drawback of the SCs. In this work, cushions produced from Ni–Ti shape memory alloy (SMA) are evaluated numerically by experimentally verified finite element models to assess their impact on the performance of earthquake-resistant structures. Furthermore, a reinforced concrete testing frame is retrofitted with energy dissipative steel and Ni–Ti cushions. Performance of the frames (e.g. dissipated energy by the cushions, hysteretic energy to input energy ratio, maximum drift, and residual drift) with different types of cushions are evaluated by nonlinear response history analyses. The numerical results showed that the SCs are effective to reduce peak responses, while Ni–Ti cushions are more favorable to reduce residual drifts and deformations. Hence, a hybrid system, employing the steel and SMA cushions together, is proposed to reach optimal seismic performance.
A study of multi-soliton solutions, breather, lumps, and their interactions for kadomtsev-petviashvili equation with variable time coeffcient using hirota method
Authors: Kumar Sachin , Mohan Brij 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper investigates the new KP equation with variable coefficients of time ‘t’, broadly used to elucidate shallow water waves that arise in plasma physics, marine engineering, ocean physics, nonlinear sciences, and fluid dynamics. In 2020, Wazwaz [1] proposed two extensive KP equations with time-variable coefficients to obtain several soliton solutions and used Painlevé test to verify their integrability. In light of the research described above, we chose one of the integrated KP equations with time-variable coefficients to obtain multiple solitons, rogue waves, breather waves, lumps, and their interaction solutions relating to the suitable choice of time-dependent coefficients. For this KP equation, the multiple solitons and rogue waves up to fourth-order solutions, breather waves, and lump waves along with their interactions are achieved by employing Hirota's method. By taking advantage of Wolfram Mathematica, the time-dependent variable coefficient's effect on the newly established solutions can be observed through the three-dimensional wave profiles, corresponding contour plots. Some newly formed mathematical results and evolutionary dynamical behaviors of wave-wave interactions are shown in this work. The obtained results are often more advantageous for the analysis of shallow water waves in marine engineering, fluid dynamics, and dusty plasma, nonlinear sciences, and this approach has opened up a new way to explain the dynamical structures and properties of complex physical models. This study examines to be applicable in its influence on a wide-ranging class of nonlinear KP equations.
Spatio-temporal warping for myoelectric control: an offline, feasibility study
Authors: Jabbari Milad , Khushaba Rami , Nazarpour Kianoush 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objective. The efficacy of an adopted feature extraction method directly affects the classification of the electromyographic (EMG) signals in myoelectric control applications. Most methods attempt to extract the dynamics of the multi-channel EMG signals in the time domain and on a channel-by-channel, or at best pairs of channels, basis. However, considering multi-channel information to build a similarity matrix has not been taken into account. Approach. Combining methods of long and short-term memory (LSTM) and dynamic temporal warping, we developed a new feature, called spatio-temporal warping (STW), for myoelectric signals. This method captures the spatio-temporal relationships of multi-channels EMG signals. Main results. Across four online databases, we show that in terms of average classification error and standard deviation values, the STW feature outperforms traditional features by 5%–17%. In comparison to the more recent deep learning models, e.g. convolutional neural networks (CNNs), STW outperformed by 5%–18%. Also, STW showed enhanced performance when compared to the CNN + LSTM model by 2%–14%. All differences were statistically significant with a large effect size. Significance. This feasibility study provides evidence supporting the hypothesis that the STW feature of the EMG signals can enhance the classification accuracy in an explainable way when compared to recent deep learning methods. Future work includes real-time implementation of the method and testing for prosthesis control.
Kinematic study of a road power generator for the port transport network
Authors: Lyashenko Yu M , Prudii A V , Menshenin S E 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, energy-saving applications are based on alternative energy sources that enable autonomous powering of electrical consumers. Within the port transport network, 62% of freight transport is carried by road. One solution for the alternative generation of electrical energy for lighting and power supply of small power consumers is the use of road electromechanical systems such as artificial road bumps with an electromagnetic generator that converts the energy of vehicle movement into electrical energy. This article deals with a road power generator transducer with a slider-rocker kinematic pair for converting translational motion into rotational motion. The authors conducted a kinematic study of the actuating force transducer and analysed its performance at various connecting rod lengths with the required speed and dimensional criteria. They determined the effect of the connecting rod length on the trajectory and speed of the rocker arm. Analysis has shown that a connecting rod length of 100 and 150 mm, providing a working section with a uniform increase in speed of the rocker arm, satisfies the specified requirements. For further investigation of the electromechanical power system, the researchers adopted a 100 mm long connecting rod, as this allows the unit to be realised with reduced dimensions.
Charging stations for electric cars using hybrid energy storage systems
Authors: Latyshev R N , Abramov E Y , Tolstobrova L I 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this article, it is proposed to use energy storage devices as a part of charging stations to reduce the powerful load for the power system during the hours of the greatest energy consumption. This is due to the analysis results for the growth trends of the electric vehicles. By the example of the city Novosibirsk, according to the forecasts of analytical companies about the trend of increasing the number of electric cars (ECs) in Russia, the average energy consumption per day for charging ECs has been calculated. Based on the calculation results, the influence of charging stations on the daily schedule of the active load for the industrial power grid is shown and the capacity lack problem is identified. The experimental measurements results at traction substation No. 29 in Novosibirsk are presented.
Method for synthesis of an intelligent automatic system for diagnosing combustion engine vibration of the power supply system of an unmanned vessel
Authors: Epikhin A I 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The paper considers the implementation prospects and features of the synthesis of an intelligent automatic system for diagnosing the internal combustion engine vibration of a power supply system in terms of developing technologies for automatic or remote control of unmanned vessels. The paper addresses the issue of predicting the technical condition of a combustion engine using available diagnostic methods. The study focuses on the equipment required for monitoring and analyzing the technical condition of the engine of an unmanned vessel when operating in automatic or remotely controlled mode. An algorithm has been developed for collecting, storing and accumulating data on the condition of the engine components and units in the on-board information system of the vessel to exchange data on the condition of the engine and its components during remote monitoring and to determine fault codes. The approaches to the synthesis of an intelligent automatic system for diagnosing the combustion engine vibration are considered from a methodological point of view. Vibration diagnostics equipment used for the analysis of the technical condition of the engine is proposed. Some results of the classification of the technical condition of the engine are presented. The expediency of introducing and using hybrid intelligent systems based on artificial neural networks is exemplified by diagnostics of the MITSUBISHI S16R engine.
Operation of propeller motors composed of ship electric propulsion systems with semiconductor converters
Authors: Grigoriev A V , Tokarev L N , Makarov D A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The calculations of transient processes in ship electric propulsion systems (EPS) with semiconductor converters (SC) show that when the inverter transistors are locked, overvoltage occurs that may break through the insulation of propeller motors (PM). A feature of this overvoltage is its short duration and large value. Pulsed overvoltage of small duration and the EPS value of dozens or more kilovolts may occur in the circuits of the inverter supplying the PM winding. The main cause of overvoltage is the EPS self-induction resulting from rapid current reduction in circuits with inductances, including in motor windings, when the inverter transistors are locked. The paper presents the results of mathematical modeling of the processes arising when the inverter transistors functioning as part of the frequency converter are locked. The results of the analysis confirmed the possibility of overvoltage on the PM winding, which should be taken into account when designing the EPS and selecting equipment.
Algorithm for improving energy efficient wheel motor for electric vehicles
Authors: Kokourov D V , Malozyomov B V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In accordance with the tendency to reduce the number of mechanical assemblies in electric driven machines and mechanisms, attempts are made to bring the electric motor and the actuator of the mechanism into a single whole. Thereby increasing the quality and productivity of the machines. A motor-wheel is a kind of a driving wheel, an actuator of a traction electric drive system of a pneumatic-wheeled transport vehicle. The work is devoted to the modernization of urban electric transport by equipping it with high-energy efficiency motor wheels, based on the frequency converter system - asynchronous motor. This paper describes the improvement algorithm and technological features.
Energy-efficient variable frequency asynchronous electric drive
Authors: Vasilyev D A , Gavrilov R I , Panteleeva L A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Currently, there are quite a large number of various scientific papers on the creation of a controlled asynchronous engine and the optimization of its modes, and the availability of acceptable results for practical implementation, but there is still no single generally accepted approach to solving the problem. In this regard, the issue of synthesis of scalar control systems that provide the minimum value of one or another criterion of energy efficiency is relevant. In this paper, we consider the obtained mathematical model of an asynchronous engine (AE), which differs from the known ones in that the parameters of the substitution scheme are expressed in terms of the stator and rotor conductivities. The energy characteristics of the AE in the sliding function are obtained, which make it possible to determine the dependences of the active and reactive components of the AE current and the possibility of their redistribution within the nominal value of the AE phase current. The principle of optimal frequency-current control of AE is formulated, which differs from the known ones in that, as an energy efficiency indicator, the value of the maximum energy efficiency of AE is used, expressed as the ratio of the active resistance of the rotor circuit to the total conductivity of the AE phase.
Analyzing vibration parameters of a modern high-speed engine during operation
Authors: Gerasidi V V , Lisachenko A V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The paper presents results of experimental research into vibration parameters of a modern electronic control-enabled main high-speed engine, Caterpillar CAT 3516B as obtained during a running trial of a sea tug. CAT 3500 series Caterpillar high-speed engines are extensively used in sea tugs; there are about 40 units installed in vessels operating in the Azov and Black Sea region. The research technique involved measurement of vibration displacement, vibration velocity, vibration acceleration at an engine and its turbocharger components. The conducted experimental research has shown that in order to evaluate the technical state of an engine, it is necessary to measure vibration displacement and vibration velocity in a frequency range from 1 to 1000 Hz at 0.1 Hz intervals. For turbochargers, the vibration acceleration shall be measured in a frequency range from 1 to 15000 Hz at 1 Hz intervals. The results of the experimental research allowed determining necessary conditions for measurement of vibration parameters of Caterpillar CAT-3500 series modern high-speed engines commonly used in sea tugs. The experimental research into vessel installations by in-place diagnostics at operating sea-going vessels forms a foundation of an autonomous ship control system.
Analysis of fuel consumption of modern electronically controlled high-speed marine engines
Authors: Gerasidi V V , Lisachenko A V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The paper presents thermal tests of modern electronically controlled high-speed main engines of Caterpillar 3500 series of marine vessels. During the thermotechnical tests, experimental studies were carried out to change the values of the actual fuel consumption depending on the engine load. The number of engines under study installed on sea tugs during 10 years of operation was 80 units. The accumulated experience in conducting experimental studies of the technical condition control by the CIP method of diagnostics will make it possible to move from the classical approaches of technical operation to the new ones included in the system of remote monitoring and control of ship technical means of autonomous ships in operation. The experimental research methodology includes a classic approach to conducting such tests and a modern approach with remote data transmission to the shipowner’s office. Studies have shown that different types of 3500 series engines have different actual fuel consumption values, but for each series, for example, 3512B, the scatter of points is small. The results of experimental studies of Caterpillar 3500 series engines made it possible to construct generalized dependences of the actual fuel consumption for each engine model separately. Experimental studies of ship technical means by the CIP method of diagnostics of sea vessels in operation are the basis for the control system of autonomous ships.
Thermophysical characteristics of gas-power dual-fuel engines w12v50 df for liquefied gas shipping vessels
Authors: Nikolaev N I , Arangulov A S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Maritime transport plays important role in the economic development of society – 90% of goods are transported by ships. At the same time, maritime transport requires a significant amount of fuel resources. Production of liquefied natural gas (LNG) is becoming the fastest growing industry in the modern global energy sector. Today, LNG accounts for 40% of the physical volume of world gas trade, and its share will increase up to 60% by 2040. Currently, natural gas is used on ships in the form of liquefied petroleum gas, compressed natural gas, and liquefied natural gas (LNG). The article deals with the urgent problem of operation of dual-fuel diesel-electric installations of ships. The need to study the heat-engineering parameters of two-fuel diesel generators of the Wartsila company has been substantiated. The authors present the dependencies of main heat-engineering parameters on the load of Wartsila W12V50DF dual-fuel engines used as a generator drive in the main electric propulsion engines on LNG tankers. A comparative assessment of the dependencies of exhaust gas temperature, turbocharger rotation speed, boost pressure and gas pressure on the load of diesel generators on two LNG tankers has been carried out. The article analyzes the presented dependencies. The authors substantiate the need for further improvement of their design and workflow.