bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Jamblang Leaves Extract (Syzygium cumini) Inclusion Skim Milk-Egg Yolk Extender on Motility, Abnormality and Viability of Aceh Cattle Spermatozoa Stored at 4ºC
Authors: Novita Cut Intan , Sari Rosna , Sari Eka Meutia 
Published: March 2021

This research aimed to know the effect of the addition of jamblang leaves extract (Syzygium cumini) in skim milk-egg yolk diluent material on motility, abnormality, and viability of Aceh cattle stored at 4ºC. The research design used was Complete Randomized Design consisting of 5 treatment and 5 repetitions. The treatments consisted of J0 (SSKT), J1 (SSKT+ EDJ 0. g/ 100 ml), J2 (SSKT+ EDJ 0.4 g/ 100 ml), J3 (SSKT+ EDJ 0.6 g/ 100 ml) and J4 (SSKT+ EDJ 0.8 g/ 100 ml). The data obtained were analyzed descriptively by determining the mean value and standard deviation using Microsoft Excel. The research result indicated that the addition of jamblang leaves extract in skim milk-egg yolk diluent material maintaining the motility, viability and abnormality of the spermatozoa of Aceh cattle stored at the temperature of 4ºC. Based on the research that has been carried out, it can be concluded that the addition of jamblang leaves extract in skim milk-egg yolk diluent material can maintain the quality of Aceh cattle spermatozoa, while the use of incorrect dose becomes toxic and disrupt the spermatozoa activities to cause death.
Spatiotemporal Distributions of Fluorine and Arsenic in Rivers With the Role of Mining Industry and Related Human Health Risk Assessments in Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Li Yizhen , Ma Long , Abuduwaili Jilili , Li Yaoming , uulu Salamat Abdyzhapar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
To determine the spatiotemporal distributions and human health risks of fluoride and arsenic in the rivers of Kyrgyzstan as influenced by mining and other industries, 169 water samples were collected from the main rivers and tributaries of Kyrgyzstan from 2016 to 2018. Through the use of cold and hot spot analysis, multivariate statistical analysis and health risk assessment model, the results indicated that the fluorine and arsenic concentrations in river waters increased year by year from 2016 to 2018. In total, 2.38%, 3.26% and 10.64% of the analyzed samples exceeded the drinking water standard of a maximum permissible limit of 1 mg/L for fluoride, and 0%, 1.09% and 2.13% of the samples exceeded the limit of 10 µg/L for arsenic in 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively. The gathering areas for high fluorine concentrations were mainly distributed in the Issyk-Kul Basin, Chu River Valley and Fergana Basin, and the gathering areas for high arsenic concentrations were mainly concentrated in the Chu River Valley and southern Fergana Basin. Although fluorine and arsenic were not found to exceed the limits simultaneously, the two pollutants accumulated high values in the southern Fergana Basin in 2018, which indicated the risk of joint poisoning. The distributions of high fluorine and arsenic were found to be determined by mining, industrial and agricultural activities, but not by natural sources. From 2016 to 2018, arsenic concentrations in the river water of Kyrgyzstan created a high risk of carcinogenesis by the ingestion intake exposure route, which resulted in the total risk of health hazards to children and adults caused by fluoride and arsenic to exceed the maximum acceptable ranges. Therefore, further monitoring and management are urgently needed.
Ethno Veterinary Therapeutic Practices of Medicinal Flora in Livestock Health Care by Attappadi Tribal farmers of Kerala
Authors: A Nisha , N Vimal Rajkumar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background- Attappadi is the largest tribal settlement area in Kerala with three tribes viz., Irulas, Mudugas and Kurumbas who are traditionally engaged in livestock activities. The present study was undertaken to document the different plants of ethnoveterinary uses and to identify the most prevailing livestock disease category among livestock farmers of Attappadi tribal area. Hence this study was designed and conducted to understand and effectively use the knowledge, and for the proper selection of important plant species for the most prevailing illness.Methods- This study was conducted in the period of December 2018 – April 19 using a structured interview with tribal farmers, EVM healers and key informants engaged in the livestock farming.Results- The present study documented 55 plant species under 39 families for treatment of 15 categories of ailments with their dosages and parts used in Attappadi tribal area. There was great agreement among the informants regarding ethno veterinary uses of plants with Factor of Informants Consensus (FIC) value ranging from 0.50 to 0.97, with an average value of 0.87.Conclusion- The study reports 55 medicinal plants with the­­­­­­ir uses and dosage along with the highlighted high FIC values indicates that the species traditionally used to treat these ailments are worth searching for bioactive compounds and this has illuminated the cultural importance of this ethno veterinary wisdom which is consonantly blended with the tribal culture of the area.
Membrane-Mediated Sars-cov-2 Host Cell Entry: Potential Inhibitory Roles of Terpenoids in Silico
Authors: Gyebi Gideon Ampoma , Ogunyemi Oludare , Ibrahim Ibrahim M. , Ogunro Olalekan B. , Adegunloye Adegbenro P. , Afolabi Saheed 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Targeting viral cell entry proteins is an emerging therapeutic strategy for inhibiting the first stage of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study, 106 bioactive terpenoids from African medicinal plants were screened through molecular docking analysis against human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2), human transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and the S proteins of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. In silico ADMET and drug-likeness prediction, molecular dynamics simulation (MDS), binding free energy calculations and clustering analysis of MDS trajectories were performed on the top docked compounds to respective targets. The results revealed eight terpenoids with high binding tendencies to the catalytic residues of different targets. Pentacyclic terpenoids: 24-methylene cycloartenol and isoiguesterin interacted with the hACE2 binding hotspots for the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. 11-hydroxy-2 - (3,4-dihydroxybenzoyloxy) abieta -5,7,9 (11),13-tetraene-12-one, 11-hydroxy-2 -(4-hydroxybenzoyloxy)-abieta- 5,7,9(11),13-tetraene-12-one and other abietane diterpenes interacted strongly with the S1-specificy pocket of TMPRSS2. 3-benzoylhosloppone and cucurbitacin interacted with the RBD and S2 subunit of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein respectively. The predicted druggable and ADMET favourable terpenoids formed structurally stable complexes in the simulated dynamics environment. These terpenoids provides core structure that can be exploited for further lead optimization to design drugs against SARS-CoV-2 cell mediated entry, subject to further in vitro and in vivo studies.
Study TPX-100-5: Intra-Articular TPX-100 Significantly Delays Pathological Bone Shape Change and Stabilizes Cartilage in Moderate to Severe Bilateral Knee OA
Authors: McGuire Dawn , Bowes Michael , Brett Alan , Segal Neil , Miller Meghan , Rosen David , Kumagai Yoshinari 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: TPX-100, a promotor of osteoblast and chondroblast differentiation, is a potential osteoarthritis (OA) therapy. This retrospective study compared MRI 3D femoral bone shape changes (B-scores) after intra-articular TPX-100 or placebo and analyzed the relationship between cartilage thickness and bone shape change over 12 months.Methods: 104 participants with bilateral knee moderate to severe (ICRS 2-4) knee cartilage defects were randomized for evaluation of efficacy and safety of 200mg of TPX-100. Each subject’s contralateral placebo-treated knee served as a paired internal control. After MRI quality control, 78/93 subjects (84%; 156 knees) were analyzed for quantitative femoral B-score and cartilage thickness. All analyses were centrally performed, blind to treatment assignment and clinical data.Results: TPX-100-treated knees (n=78) demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in pathologic bone shape change compared with placebo-treated knees at 6 and 12 months: 0.0298 (95% C.I. -0.037, 0.097) vs 0.1246 (95% C.I. 0.067, 0.182) (P=0.02); and 0.0856 (95% C.I. 0.013, 0.158) vs. 0.1969 (95% C.I. 0.123, 0.271) (P = 0.01), respectively. The correlation between bone shape change and medial and total tibiofemoral cartilage thickness changes at 12 months was statistically significant in TPX-100-treated knees (P<0.01). Conclusions: This is the first report of a potential therapy demonstrating a significant effect on bone shape measured by B-score in knee OA. These data, in combination with previously reported statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvements in WOMAC function versus placebo, support TPX-100 as a candidate for disease modification in knee OA.Trial Registration: NIH clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01925261. Registered 15 August 2013, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01925261?term=NCT01925261
The Effect of Different Concentrations of Nitrogen and Phosphorous on the Production of Lipid Metabolites in Haematococcus Pluvialis UTEX 25051
Authors: Gutierrez Brenda Seleny Hoyos , Miranda Alejandra , Meneses Diana , Vargas Gabriel , Sáez Alex 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Microalgae as Haematococcus pluvialis produce lipid metabolites of great interest for different industries as the nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, among other. Currently, one of the main limitations for the massive commercialization of these metabolites are the low yields between cell growth and the production of lipid metabolites. Thus, a better understanding of culture parameters that allow to get a balance between both variables is needed. Herein we evaluated the effect of Bold’s Basal Medium (BBM) on the production of lipid metabolites of high biotechnological value in Haematococcus pluvialis UTEX 2505. A factorial experimental design of 32 was used whereby the concentrations of the nitrogen and phosphorus source (0.2, 0.6 and 1.0 g / l) in the BBM culture medium were varied. Cell growth was measured, showed the highest concentration (1.148±0.842 g/l) for the treatment with the highest nitrate and phosphate content (a concentration of 1.0 g/l for both). The Astaxanthin content showed a maximum value of 76.22 ± 3.02 µg/mL for treatment with low nitrate (0.2 g/L) and medium phosphate (0.6 g/L). The antioxidant capacity was determined by the ORAC method, achieving superior values to those found in the literature for compounds such as vitamins E and C. The results suggested that low concentrations of nutrients, nitrate and phosphate have a positive effect on the concentration of lipid metabolites and affirm that the biomass of H. pluvialis UTEX 2505 is an excellent source of antioxidants and rich in essential fatty acids for human nutrition.
Novel Role of IMPA2 in AIFM2-Mediated Apoptosis of Cervical Cancer by Targeting p53
Authors: Liu Lei , Wang Min , Li Xianping , Wang Bingqi , Yin Sheng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Cervical cancer continues to be concerned and the prognosis of locally advanced cervical cancer remains poor, which underscores pivotal needs to find novel therapeutic targets. Previously, we firstly identified Myo-inositol monophosphatase 2(IMPA2) as a potential oncogene and verified its tumor-promoting role in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we further aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of IMPA2 in regulation of tumor apoptosis.
Methods

Cell apoptosis was assessed by apoptosis-related proteins detecting, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining. Fluorescence microscope was used to analyze fluorescence signal. The string database was used to find molecules regulated by IMPA2. The expression of apoptosis inducing factor mitochondria associated 2(AIFM2) was determined by qRT-PCR, western blot, immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence analysis. Function changes of mitochondria were evaluated by measurements of mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular Ca2+ levels. CCK-8 assay was used to detected cell viability.
Results

Apoptosis of cervical cancer cells was markedly promoted when silencing IMPA2. AIFM2 was significantly up-regulated both in mRNA and protein levels, and inhibition of AIFM2 could reserve IMPA2 knockdown-induced apoptosis in a mitochondrial dependent manner. But the analysis of database and our experimental results showed that AIFM2 had little effect on cervical cancer progression and survival. Further mechanistic study revealed that IMPA2 and AIFM2 silencing apparently activated p53 and treatment of p53 inhibitor (Pifithrin α) could rescue IMPA2 knockdown-induced cell apoptosis.
Conclusion

Our findings displayed a novel function of IMPA2 in regulating cell apoptosis mediated by a disturbance of AIFM2 and p53 expression, potentially making it a novel therapeutic target for cervical cancer treatment.
Effect of Protein Interactions on the UHMWPE Composites After the Multidirectional Wear Test
Authors: Shahemi Nur Hidayah , KAMIS SHAHIRA LIZA , SAWAE YOSHINORI , Morita Takehiro 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Recent studies have found a rapid increase of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) wear in the presence of proteins from the synovial fluid. This is due to the high hydrophobicity surface of UHMWPE which allows the proteins to get interacted and adsorbed to the UHMWPE surface. Moreover, since UHMWPE has low thermal conductivity, the heat elevated produced from the articulating contact surfaces would be slowly dissipated and protein structure becoming denatured. The denatured proteins were claimed could increase the adhesive wear response. Thus, the main objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of the graphene oxide (GO) and graphite flake (GF) on the UHMWPE’s heat dissipation and wettability characteristics in regards to reducing the protein denaturation effect on the surface. The surface properties were characterized by using surface energy evaluation, zeta potential, and Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR). Following that, wear properties of each UHMWPE composite were evaluated by using a multidirectional pin-on-disc wear test under a lubricated condition. The worn surface of each pin sample was evaluated, and the dominating factors of wear properties were determined. In addition to that, the effect of protein absorption on the UHMWPE composites was also evaluated in this study. The results show both fillers (GO and GF) had no effect in altering the UHMWPE composites’ physicochemical properties. The improvement of UHMWPE composite’s wear properties was discovered to be primarily dominated by the existence of GO filler (1.0 wt%) near the sliding surface has improved the subsurface strength of the material and heat dissipation effect which reduces the denaturation of the proteins.
Antagonistic cell surface and intracellular auxin signalling regulate plasma membrane H+-fluxes for root growth
Authors: Li Lanxin , Verstraeten Inge , Roosjen Mark , Takahashi Koji , Rodriguez Lesia , Merrin Jack , Chen Jian , Shabala Lana , Smet Wouter , Ren Hong , Vanneste Steffen , Shabala Sergey , De Rybel Bert , Weijers Dolf , Kinoshita Toshinori , Gray William M. , Friml Jiří 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Growth regulation tailors plant development to its environment. A showcase is growth adaptation to gravity, where shoots bend up and roots down. This paradox is based on different responses to the phytohormone auxin, which promotes cell expansion in shoots, while inhibiting it in roots via a yet unknown cellular mechanism. Here, by combining microfluidics, live imaging, genetic engineering and phospho-proteomics in Arabidopsis thaliana, we reveal how auxin inhibits root growth. We show that auxin activates two distinct, antagonistically acting signalling pathways that converge on the rapid regulation of the apoplastic pH, which is the direct growth-determining mechanism. Cell surface-based TRANSMEMBRANE KINASE 1 (TMK1) interacts with and mediates phosphorylation and activation of plasma membrane H+-ATPases for apoplast acidification, while intracellular TIR1/AFB-mediated signalling triggers net cellular H+-influx, causing apoplast alkalinisation. The simultaneous activation of these two counteracting mechanisms poises the root for a rapid, fine-tuned growth modulation to subtle changes in the environment.
Delirium screening with 4AT in patients aged 65 years and older admitted to the Emergency Department with suspected sepsis – a prospective cohort study
Authors: Myrstad Marius , Kuwelker Kanika , Haakonsen Sigurd , Valebjørg Therese , Kittang Bård Reiakvam , Hagberg Guri , Neerland Bjørn Erik , Bakken Marit Stordal 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Cognitive impairment is common among acutely ill older patients admitted to hospital. The quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) is recommended as a tool to predict poor outcome in patients with suspected sepsis, but assesses cognitive function crudely. We aimed to study the feasibility of The 4 'A's test (4AT), a rapid delirium screening tool, performed upon Emergency Department (ED) admission by nurses and doctors inexperienced with this tool, and to characterize patients aged ≥ 65 years admitted to the ED with suspected sepsis.
Methods
In this prospective cohort study, we included patients aged ≥ 65 years, admitted to the EDs of two Norwegian general hospitals, with suspected sepsis. ED nurses and doctors performed delirium screening with 4AT within two hours after ED admission, and registered the time spent on the screening in each case. Sepsis and delirium during the hospital stay were diagnosed retrospectively, according to recommended diagnosis criteria.
Results
Out of the 196 patients included (mean age 81 years), 100 patients fulfilled the sepsis diagnosis criteria. Mean 4AT screening time was 2.5 minutes (median two minutes). While qSOFA identified 48 patients (24%) with altered mental status, 114 patients (58%) had a 4AT score ≥ 1, indicating cognitive impairment, upon ED admission. Sepsis patients more often had a 4AT score ≥ 4, indicating delirium, than patients without sepsis (40% vs. 26%, p < 0.05). The prevalence of delirium any time during the hospital stay was 44% in patients aged 65–80 years, 57% in patients aged ≥ 80 years, and 76% in patients aged ≥ 80 years with sepsis.
Conclusions
Delirium screening upon ED admission, with 4AT performed by nurses and doctors inexperienced with this tool, was feasible among patients aged ≥ 65 years admitted with suspected sepsis. Features of delirium were common upon ED admission, particularly in patients with sepsis. The prevalence of delirium anytime during the hospital stay was highest among patients aged 80 years and older with sepsis. Our findings suggest increased awareness of delirium in older patients admitted to the ED with suspected sepsis, but the added value of systematic delirium screening with 4AT needs to be addressed in future studies.
Leukemia inhibitory factor stimulates primitive endoderm expansion in the bovine inner cell mass
Authors: Wooldridge Lydia K. , Ealy Alan D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Previous work determined that bovine interleukin-6 (IL6) increases inner cell mass (ICM), primitive endoderm (PE) and total cell number in in vitro produced (IVP) bovine blastocysts. Another IL6 family member, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), has the potential to produce the same effects of IL6 due to the presence of its receptor in bovine blastocysts. We compared the abilities of LIF and IL6 to increase ICM cell numbers in day 7, 8 and 9 IVP bovine blastocysts. Supplementation with 100 ng/ml LIF from day 5 onward improved blastocyst formation rates on days 7 and 8 similar to what was observed when supplementing 100 ng/ml IL6. However, LIF supplementation did not cause an increase in ICM numbers like was observed after supplementing IL6. On day 9, increases in PE cell numbers were detected after LIF supplementation, but 300 ng/ml LIF was required to achieve the same effect on PE numbers that was observed by providing 100 ng/ml IL6. Collectively, these results show that LIF can mimic at least some of the effects of IL6 in bovine blastocyst.
The potential of a single injection of hUCMSCs in relevant testis injury and related severity of DSS induced acute and chronic colitis
Authors: Chang Yu-Lung , Lo Huei-Yu , Cheng Shun-Ping , Chang Kuo-Ting , Lin Xiu-Fang , Liao Kuo-sheng , Huang Jing-Long , Hsieh Ming-Fa , Chan Chin-Kan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background A single injection of human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) can improve dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)–induced acute colitis and decrease progression of acute to chronic colitis. We report the therapeutic efficacy of hUCMSCs in acute and chronic colitis-related testicular injury. Methods Male C57BL/6JNarl mice were divided into control, phosphate-buffered saline 1 (PBS1), PBS2, hUCMSCs 1 (SC1), and SC2 treated groups. Colitis were induced in the mice using 3% DSS. The mice in the SC1 and SC2 groups underwent a single injection of hUCMSCs. Results The ratio of spermatogenesis impairment of mice in the stem cell groups was lower than that in the PBS groups on days 8 and 25 (P=.029, .043). The overall testicular function impairment and severity of colitis in the PBS2 group were lower than those in the PBS1 group on days 8 and 25 (P=.031, .016). The overall testicular function impairment and severity of colitis in the SC2 group were lower than those in the SC1 group on days 8 and 25 (P=.031, .016). Conclusions Disease activity of acute colitis is a good predictor of severity and prognosis of testicular injury in mice with colitis. hUCMSCs can reduce the ratio of testicular function impairment in acute and chronic colitis.
Flexible Ureteroscopic Lithotripsy Based on the Concept of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery
Authors: Shu Ling , Ao Ping , Zhang Zhenxing , Zhuo Dong , Dong Changbin , Huang Houbao , Wei Zhongqin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: To evaluate the efficacy of flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy (FURSL) based on the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS).Methods: 435 patients with upper urinary calculi between 2017-2020 were retrospectively analysed and assigned to ERAS group (ERAS management) and control group (traditional management). Operative time, postoperative ambulation time, postoperative hospital stay, total cost of hospitalization, postoperative complications and stone removal were compared. Results: 427 cases were successfully performed FURSL procedure with 4 cases of ERAS group (n = 216) and 4 cases of control group (n = 219) failed respectively. No postoperative complications occurred in either group except for fever and hematuria. There were no significant difference in postoperative fever and stone removal between the two groups (all p > 0.05). The patients in ERAS group had shorter operative time, shorter postoperative ambulation time, less postoperative severe hematuria, shorter postoperative hospital stay and lower total cost of hospitalization than those in control group (all p < 0.05).Conclusions: FURSL based on the concept of ERAS for the treatment of upper urinary tract calculi is safe and reliable, with rapid postoperative recovery, low cost of hospitalization and worthy of clinical promotion.