bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring stakeholder roles in the management of indoor environmental quality of higher education institutes in South Africa
Authors: Ndou Mpho , Aigbavboa Clinton , Thwala Wellington Didibhuku 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThis study aims to explore the influential role stakeholder play in the management of indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in facilities of higher education institutions (HEIs) in South Africa. By defining the indoor environmental challenges facing HEI's, an alternative redress to these challenges can be achieved through stakeholder management.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopted a quantitative survey approach which was informed by a post-positivism philosophical stance. The closed-ended questionnaire survey was used to gather views from academic and administrative staff who were employed in various HEIs across South Africa. The literature review revealed 13 influential stakeholder management roles which were explored. The gathered data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics that evaluated the influential role stakeholder play in the management of IEQ in HEIs.FindingsExploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed three core categories of stakeholder management roles to being community engagement and awareness, organisational commitment and objective function. These roles play an integral part of overhauling the current IEQ conditions in HEIs, which subsequently improves the quality of education through efficient academic and administrative performance.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the body of knowledge as it reveals that HEI, particularly in developing countries like South Africa, can improve their current IEQ conditions through adopting critical stakeholder management roles. Also, this study provides further theoretical background for future research in the area of stakeholder management which has been lacking in previous IEQ studies.
Public assessments of police during the COVID-19 pandemic: the effects of procedural justice and personal protective equipment
Authors: Sandrin Ryan , Simpson Rylan 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThe COVID-19 pandemic has presented many challenges for contemporary police. The present research examines public assessments of police responsibility and performance during the pandemic using a procedural justice paradigm.Design/methodology/approachParticipants (N = 104) rated images of a police officer, including when using different items of personal protective equipment (PPE), along the core dimensions of procedural justice. Participants then completed survey questions about their assessments of the police’s responsibility and performance during the COVID-19 pandemic.FindingsFindings from our regression analyses indicate that participants’ perceptions of procedural justice are positively related to their assessments of police responsibility and performance. Our findings also indicate that participants’ perceptions of procedural justice can be affected by the police’s use of different items of PPE, including face masks, face shields, goggles and medical gloves.Originality/valueThe present research uses procedural justice, a well-trodden paradigm from past empirical works, to examine perceptions of police amidst a time of much societal change. The findings present important practical implications for police who must continue to manage public perceptions while providing service during the pandemic.
Promoting knowledge sharing performance in a knowledge management system: do knowledge workers’ behavior patterns matter?
Authors: Nezafati Navid , Razaghi Shokouh , Moradi Hossein , Shokouhyar Sajjad , Jafari Sepideh 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to identify the impact of demographical and organizational variables such as age, gender, experiences use of knowledge management system (KMS), education and job level on knowledge sharing (KS) performance of knowledge workers in knowledge activities of a KMS. Specifically, it seeks to explore that is there any relationship between the KS behavior patterns of high KS performance knowledge workers with their performance. Furthermore, this study using its conceptual attitude model aims to show that whether knowledge workers’ behavior patterns in sharing information and knowledge throughout a KMS have any specific effect or not.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper proposed a framework to mine knowledge workers’ raw data using data mining techniques such as clustering and association rules mining. Also, this research uses a case-based approach to a knowledge-intensive company in Iran that works in the field of information technology with 730 numbers of workers.

Findings
Findings suggest that demographical and organizational variables such as age, education and experience use of KMS have positive effects on knowledge worker’s KS behavior in KMSs. In fact, people who have lower age, higher education degrees and more experience use of KMS, have more participation in KS in KMS. Also, results depict that the experienced use of KMS has the most impact on the intention of KS in this KMS. Findings emphasize on the importance of the influence of the behavioral, organizational environments and psychological factors such as reward system, top management support, openness and trust, on KS performance of knowledge workers in the KMS. In fact, according to data, the KMS reward system caused to increasing participation of the users in KS, also in each knowledge activity that top managers participate in, the scores were higher.

Practical implications
This research helps top managers in designing policies and strategies to improve the participation of knowledge workers in KS and helps human resource managers to improve their membership policies. Also, assist Information Technology (IT) managers to enhance KMSs’ design to leverage with organization strategies in the field of improving KS and encourage people to participate in KMS.

Originality/value
This research has two key values. First, this paper applies a data mining framework to mining and analyzing data and this paper uses actual data of a KMS in a specialist company in Iran, with about 27,740 real data points. Second, this paper investigates the impact of demographical and organizational attributes on KS behavior, which little is empirically known about the impact of demographical variables on KS intention.
A review on in-situ aluminum metal matrix composites manufactured via friction stir processing: meeting on-ground industrial applications
Authors: Prabhu Srinivas , Bajakke Padmakumar , Malik Vinayak 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
In-situ aluminum metal matrix composites (AMMC) have taken over the use of ex-situ AMMC due to the generation of finer and thermodynamically stable intermetallic compounds. However, conventional processing routes pose inevitable defects like porosity and agglomeration of particles. This paper aims to study current state of progress in in-situ AMMC fabricated by Friction Stir Processing.

Design/methodology/approach
Friction stir processing (FSP) has successfully evolved to be a favorable in-situ composite manufacturing technique. The dynamics of the process account for a higher plastic strain of 35 and a strain rate of 75 per second. These processing conditions are responsible for grain evolution from rolled grain → dislocation walls and dislocation tangles → subgrains → dislocation multiplication → new grains. Working of matrix and reinforcement under ultra-high strain rate and shorter exposure time to high temperatures produce ultra-fine grains. Do the grain evolution modes include subgrain boundaries → subgrain boundaries and high angle grain boundaries → high angle grain boundaries.

Findings
Further, the increased strain and strain rate can shave and disrupt the oxide layer on the surface of particles and enhance wettability between the constituents. The frictional heat generated by tool and workpiece interaction is sufficient enough to raise the temperature to facilitate the exothermic reaction between the constituents. The heat released during the exothermic reaction can even raise the temperature and accelerate the reaction kinetics. In addition, heat release may cause local melting of the matrix material which helps to form strong interfacial bonds.

Originality/value
This article critically reviews the state of the art in the fabrication of in-situ AMMC through FSP. Further, FSP as a primary process and post-processing technique in the synthesis of in-situ AMMC are also dealt with.
Structural parameters analysis for tapered steel section with perforation: effect of shear buckling behaviour
Authors: De’nan Fatimah , Hashim Nor Salwani , Sua Xing Yong , Lock Pui Yee 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
Due to economic development, tapered members are commonly applied in steel frames, namely, industrial halls, warehouses, exhibition centres, etc. In the design of cantilever steel beam structures in cities building design, tapering is introduced at the web profile to achieve utmost economy and suit the bending moment distributions. The cross-sectional shape of the beam is varied linearly to the moment gradient to achieve the target of higher efficiency with lower cost.

Design/methodology/approach
The shear deformation pattern and efficiency of the tapered steel section with perforation were investigated using finite element analysis. In addition, I-beam with web opening is studied numerically via LUSAS software for different parameters of tapering ratio, perforation shape and perforation size and perforation layout.

Findings
The highest contributing parameters for the highest shear buckling capacity and efficiency of the section were due to the small opening size and tapering ratio. Whilst the variation of perforation layout and spacing give a major effect on the shear strength and efficiency of the tapered steel section with perforation. Besides that, the highest efficiency model is found when the section is designed with 0.4 D diamond perforation in Layout 3 under a tapering ratio of 0.3. The critical shear buckling load and efficiency is reduced 14.39% and 13.91%, respectively, when perforations are added onto the tapered steel sections.

Originality/value
The tapered steel section with perforation has lower critical shear buckling load and efficiency compared to the tapered section without perforation but obtains a higher critical shear buckling load and efficiency compared to the uniform section without perforation.
To buy or not to buy: how young consumers approach new smart products in the social media context
Authors: Guan Jieqi , Lau Yui-yip , Yang Huijun , Ren Lianping 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to explore factors affecting young consumers’ purchasing of new smart products under the influence of social media.

Design/methodology/approach
Twenty semi-structured, face-to-face, in-depth interviews were conducted with young consumers who used new media, and five extended interviews were conducted with popular smartwatch retailers in Macau.

Findings
The findings reveal that they tend to garner product information from multiple channels of communication. Social media exert the greatest influence. Reliable information, strong branding and interactions with vendors are also influential, although new product pre-announcements may be boring and difficult to understand.

Originality/value
This study presents new insights into diffusion of innovation theory and provides retailers launching smart products with a better understanding of their target young customers’ purchasing behavior.
Analysis of clonality in cutaneous B‐cell lymphoma and B‐cell pseudolymphoma using skin flow cytometry: Comparison of immunophenotyping and gene rearrangement studies
Authors: Nakagawa Yuki , Hamada Toshihisa , Takahashi Takahide , Miyake Tomoko , Hirai Yoji , Iwatsuki Keiji , Morizane¹ Shin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo identify clonal neoplastic cells in skin affected by B‐cell lymphoma using skin flow cytometry (FCM) techniques, we investigated light‐chain restriction using skin FCM with clonality assessed by polymerase chain reaction and light‐chain restriction by in situ hybridization (ISH). We retrospectively analyzed 16 cases of B‐cell lymphoma with cutaneous involvement: primary cutaneous diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, leg type (pcDLBCL‐LT) (n = 7), DLBCL–not otherwise specified (DLBCL‐NOS) (n = 6), primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma (pcFCL) (n = 1), and follicular lymphoma (n = 2), as well as cutaneous B‐cell pseudolymphoma (n = 9). Results of skin FCM light‐chain restriction analyses were compared with immunoglobulin H (IgH) gene rearrangement and κ/λ ISH findings. Skin FCM detected light‐chain restriction in 11 of 14 B‐cell lymphoma patients but none of the B‐cell pseudolymphoma patients. The sensitivity of skin FCM for distinguishing B‐cell lymphoma and B‐cell pseudolymphoma was 79%, and the specificity was 100%. Eleven of 13 B‐cell lymphoma patients exhibited gene rearrangement (sensitivity 85%), whereas six of seven pseudolymphoma patients were negative (specificity 86%). ISH was positive in three of 16 B‐cell lymphoma cases (sensitivity 19%) but none of the B‐cell pseudolymphoma cases (specificity 100%). ISH sensitivity was 29% for pcDLBCL‐LT, 17% for DLBCL‐NOS, and 0% for pcFCL and follicular lymphoma. Skin FCM therefore appears to be more sensitive than ISH in detecting light‐chain restriction in DLBCL and follicular lymphoma, and as sensitive as IgH gene rearrangement analysis in detecting clonality. Skin FCM is thus a promising diagnostic tool for identifying monoclonal neoplastic B‐cell populations.
Warm range margin of boreal bryophytes and lichens not directly limited by temperatures
Authors: Greiser Caroline , Ehrlén Johan , Luoto Miska , Meineri Eric , Merinero Sonia , Willman Benny , Hylander Kristoffer 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Species at their warm range margin are potentially threatened by higher temperatures, but may persist in microrefugia. Whether such microsites occur due to more suitable microclimate or due to lower biotic pressure from, for example competitive species, is still not fully resolved.

We examined whether boreal bryophytes and lichens show signs of direct climate limitation, that is whether they perform better in cold and/or humid microclimates at their warm range margin. We transplanted a moss, a liverwort and a lichen to 58 boreal forest sites with different microclimates at the species' southern range margin in central Sweden. Species were grown in garden soil patches to control the effects of competitive exclusion and soil quality. We followed the transplanted species over three growing seasons (2016–2018) and modelled growth and vitality for each species as a function of subcanopy temperature, soil moisture, air humidity and forest type. In 2018, we also recorded the cover of other plants having recolonized the garden soil patches and modelled this potential future competition with the same environmental variables plus litter.

Species performance increased with warmer temperatures, which was often conditional on high soil moisture, and at sites with more conifers. Soil moisture had a positive effect, especially on the moss in the last year 2018, when the growing season was exceptionally hot and dry. The lichen was mostly affected by gastropod grazing. Recolonization of other plants was also faster at warmer and moister sites. The results indicate that competition, herbivory, shading leaf litter and water scarcity might be more important than the direct effects of temperature for performance at the species' warm range margin.

Synthesis. In a transplant experiment with three boreal understorey species, we did not find signs of direct temperature limitation towards the south. Forest microrefugia, that is habitats where these species could persist regional warming, may instead be sites with fewer competitors and enemies, and with sufficient moisture and more conifers in the overstorey.
Age‐specific mortality and fecundity of a spider mite under diet restriction and delayed mating
Authors: Li Guang‐Yun , Zhang Zhi‐Qiang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNumerous experimental life‐history studies on aging are mainly baised on two classical models—fruit flyDrosophila melanogaster(Meigen) and nematodeCaenorhabditis elegans(Maupas)—with relatively little attention given to other organisms with different life‐history characters. Two‐spotted spider miteTetranychus urticaeKoch (Acari: Tetranychidae) differs from many other arthropods in that the females continue their growth in the early adult stage and can reproduce sexually and asexually. In this study, the influences of dietary restriction and delayed mating on the aging patterns of the spider mite were examined with the prevailing survival and reproduction trade‐off hypothesis of aging being tested. Significant sex‐specific responses of the spider mites were found. The females showed longevity extension on diet restriction (fasting for 2 days in every 4 days) compared with their counterparts being fedad libitum, and after delayed mating for 9 days, while the males displayed a decrease in lifespan when experiencing diet restriction but were not significantly influenced by delayed mating. Path analysis was used to investigate the relationship between mite survival and reproduction traits, including longevity, female lifetime reproduction, age at first reproduction, early reproductive efforts and late reproductive efforts, yielding no evidence for trade‐offs between these life‐history traits. The additive effects of dietary restriction and delayed mating in lifespan extension of female spider mites were confirmed, proving that diet restriction is a robust anti‐aging intervention, and that later onset of reproduction can prolong adult lifespan in females.
Extreme Water Level Simulation and Component Analysis in Delaware Estuary during Hurricane Isabel
Authors: Yin Dongxiao , Muñoz David F. , Bakhtyar Roham , Xue Z. George , Moftakhari Hamed , Ferreira Celso , Mandli Kyle 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSea level rise and intense hurricane events make the East and Gulf Coasts of the United States increasingly vulnerable to flooding, which necessitates the development of computational models for accurate water level simulation in these areas to safeguard the coastal wellbeing. With this regard, a model framework for water level simulation over coastal transition zone during hurricane events is built in this study. The model takes advantage of the National Water Model’s strength in simulating rainfall–runoff process, and D‐Flow Flexible Mesh’s ability to support unstructured grid in hydrodynamic processes simulation with storm surges/tides information from the Advanced CIRCulation model. We apply the model on the Delaware Estuary to simulate extreme water level and to investigate the contribution of different physical components to it during Hurricane Isabel (2003). The model shows satisfactory performance with an average Willmott skill of 0.965. Model results suggest that storm surge is the most dominating component of extreme water level with an average contribution of 78.16%, second by the astronomical tide with 19.52%. While the contribution of rivers is mainly restricted to the upper part of the estuary upstream of Schuylkill River, local wind‐induced water level is more pronounced with values larger than 0.2 m over most part of the estuary.
Peri‐operative steroid management in the paediatric population
Authors: Heath Chloe , Siafarikas Aris , Sommerfield Aine , von Ungern‐Sternberg Britta S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients with adrenal insufficiency are at risk of adrenal crisis, a potentially life‐threatening emergency in the peri‐operative period due to their attenuated ability to mount a cortisol response. There is a lack of standardization regarding peri‐operative stress‐dose glucocorticoids in paediatric clinical practice with the absence of agreed protocols. For the individual patient, the risk of adrenal crisis must be weighed against the potential adverse clinical outcomes associated with unnecessary or supra‐physiologic glucocorticoid dosing in susceptible patients. Specific clinical concerns in the paediatric population include osteopenia, growth restriction and increased risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood. This review aimed to identify and evaluate available literature in the field of peri‐operative stress‐dose glucocorticoids.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted to construct a narrative review.ResultsThe outcome of this review identified that paediatric patients, unlike adults, do not show a graded response to surgical stress with implications for glucocorticoid stress dose regimens for general anaesthesia and less invasive surgical procedures. The studies highlight a lack of information on physiological steroid responses to stress situations and differences in the approach to glucocorticoid replacement strategies in the paediatric population.ConclusionThe review identified there is a lack of high‐quality paediatric‐specific studies evaluating appropriate stress‐dose glucocorticoid regimens in paediatric patients with or at risk of adrenal insufficiency. Further research is needed to establish clear evidence‐based clinical guidelines for paediatric peri‐operative practice regarding steroid stress dosing in adrenal insufficiency. Current knowledge would suggest that a balanced view of risks and benefits should be taken appropriate to the clinical context, to dictate peri‐operative stress‐dose glucocorticoids use that permits safe perioperative management.
Investigating the association between smoking, environmental tobacco smoke exposure and reward‐related brain activity in adolescent experimental smokers
Authors: Dieleman Joyce , Sescousse Guillaume , Kleinjan Marloes , Otten Roy , Luijten Maartje 
Published: July 2021

AbstractReduced anticipatory reward‐related activity, especially in the ventral striatum (VS), may underly adolescent vulnerability to develop nicotine dependence. It remains unclear whether nicotine uptake caused by environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure, known to be associated with future smoking, might prompt similar changes in the brain's reward system, rendering adolescents vulnerable for development of nicotine dependence. To address this question, we tested whether current ETS exposure and monthly smoking are associated with VS hypoactivity for non‐drug rewards in experimental smoking adolescents. One‐hundred adolescents performed a monetary incentive delay task while brain activity was measured using fMRI. To test the hypothesized relationship, we used a variety of approaches: (1) a whole‐brain voxel‐wise approach, (2) an region‐of‐interest approach in the VS using frequentist and Bayesian statistics and (3) a small volume voxel‐wise approach across the complete striatum. The results converged in revealing no significant relationships between monthly smoking, ETS exposure and reward‐related brain activation across the brain or in the (ventral) striatum specifically. However, Bayesian statistics showed only anecdotal evidence for the null hypothesis in the VS, providing limited insight into the (non‐)existence of the hypothesized relationship. Based on these results, we speculate that blunted VS reward‐related activity might only occur after relatively high levels of exposure or might be associated with more long term effects of smoking. Future studies would benefit from even larger sample sizes to reliably distinguish between the null and alternative models, as well as more objective measures of (environmental) smoking via using devices such as silicone wristbands.