bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A hybrid approach for chronic pancreatitis: combination of laparoscopic assisted distal pancreatectomy and open Frey procedure
Authors: Saito Kenta , Matsuo Yoichi , Ueda Goro , Omi Kan , Hayashi Yuichi , Imafuji Hiroyuki , Tsuboi Ken , Morimoto Mamoru , Ogawa Ryo , Takahashi Hiroki , Naitoh Itaru , Hayashi Kazuki , Kataoka Hiromi , Takiguchi Shuji 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The treatment of chronic pancreatitis requires a surgical approach in patients refractory to medical therapy. During surgical treatment, ductal decompression is required, but a pancreatectomy is necessary for some patients, such as those with severe stenosis of the pancreatic duct. Importantly, inadequate procedures lead to recurrent pancreatitis. We used a laparoscopic approach by hybrid approach for patients with severe stenosis of the pancreatic duct. In this report, we aim to present the feasibility and outcomes of our approach. Methods: We selected a laparoscopic approach for the distal pancreatectomy because these parts are relatively safe and the effect of reducing the length of the wound is substantial. We selected an open approach for Frey procedure because complete ductal compression has a high risk for injury to the vessels posterior to the pancreas. We examined operative outcomes, postoperative complications and recurrence of pancreatitis.Results: Our approach was performed in three patients from January 2018 to December 2018. There were no major intraoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo classification Ⅲa or more) and the postoperative course was uneventful in all patients. There were no recurrence of pancreatitis and no postoperative pain in all patients in the over two years follow-up. Conclusion: Our hybrid method focusing on complete ductal compression with safety and minimal invasiveness might be the optimal approach for the surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis which requires a pancreatectomy with the Frey procedure.
Using techno-economic modelling to determine the minimum cost possible for a microbial palm oil substitute
Authors: Karamerou Eleni E. , Parsons Sophie , McManus Marcelle C. , Chuck Christopher 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Heterotrophic single cell oils (SCOs) are one potential replacement to lipid derived biofuels sourced from first generation crops such as palm oil. However, despite a large experimental research effort in this area, there are only a handful of techno-economic modelling publications. As such, there is little understanding of whether SCOs are, or could ever be, a potential competitive replacement. To help address this question we designed a detailed model that coupled a hypothetical heterotroph (using the very best possible biological lipid production) with the largest and most efficient chemical plant design possible.Results Our base case gave a lipid selling price of $1.81 / kg for ~8,000 tonnes / year production, that could be reduced to $1.20 /kg on increasing production to ~48,000 tonnes of lipid a year. A range of scenarios to further reduce this cost were then assessed, including using a thermotolerant strain (reducing the cost from $1.20 /kg to $1.15 /kg), zero cost electricity ($ 1.12/kg), using non-sterile conditions ($1.19 / kg), wet extraction of lipids ($1.16 / kg), continuous production of extracellular lipid ($0.99 /kg) and selling the whole yeast cell, including recovering value for the protein and carbohydrate ($0.81 /kg). If co-products were produced alongside the lipid then the price could be effectively reduced to $0, depending on the amount of carbon funnelled away from lipid production, as long as the co-product could be sold in excess of $1/kg. Conclusions The model presented here represents an ideal case that which while not achievable in reality, importantly would not be able to be improved on, irrespective of the scientific advances in this area. From the scenarios explored, it is possible to produce lower cost SCOs, but research must start to be applied in three key areas, firstly designing products where the whole cell is used. Secondly, further work on the product systems that produce lipids extracellularly in a continuous processing methodology or finally that create an effective biorefinery designed to produce a low molecular weight, bulk chemical, alongside the lipid. All other research areas will only ever give incremental gains rather than leading towards an economically competitive, sustainable, microbial oil.
Obesity and Clinical Severity in Patients With Covid-19: A Scoping Review Protocol
Authors: Costa Marcela Larissa , Souza Carlos Adriano Santos , Silva Ana Caroline Cardoso , Santos Dayane Franciely Conceição , Nonato Edilene Fernandes , Santana Francismayne Batista , Dias Giselle dos Santos , Barreto Jessyca Teles , Costa Laís Santos , Costa Maria Carolina Barros , Ferreira Tamila das Neves , Santana Jeniffer Santos , Netto Raquel Simões Mendes , Nascimento Tereza Virgínia Silva Bezerra do , Nunes Marco Antônio Prado , de Souza Márcia Ferreira Cândido 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 strain, was first identified in late 2019 in China. The outcomes of patients affected by the virus can worsen, developing acute respiratory failure and other serious complications, especially in older individuals and people with obesity and comorbidities. Thus, obese patients tend to have a more severe course of COVID-19. Thus, this review aims to synthesize the evidence in the literature that associates COVID-19 and the severity of clinical outcomes in infected obese patients. Methods: This protocol was designed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols Statement. Scientific and gray literature will be systematically selected from PubMed/MEDLINE, Latin American Literature in Health Sciences, Online Scientific Electronic Library, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane. The selection of articles will be limited to studies published in English, Portuguese, and Spanish from December 2019 onwards. The main clinical outcomes will be clinical severity in obese patients with COVID-19 as tachypnea (respiratory rate, ≥30 breaths per minute), hypoxemia (oxygen saturation, ≤93%), the ratio of the partial pressure of arterial oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen, <300), lung infiltrate (>50% of the lung field involved within 24–48 h), diagnosis of the severe acute respiratory syndrome, need of invasive mechanical ventilation, and mortality. Two reviewers will independently screen all citations, full-text articles, and abstract data. Selection bias will be minimized by excluding studies published before December 2019. Conflicts will be resolved through a third reviewer and consensus-building. Moreover, findings will be reported using narrative synthesis and tabulation of the summaries. Discussion: Given the need for early detection of the possible implications and treatment for patients with obesity diagnosed with COVID-19, the scoping review will be useful to capture the state of the current literature, identify the gaps, and make recommendations for future research for directing the conduct and optimization of therapies in these patients by the multiprofessional teams.Scoping review registration: Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/xrkec
Exploring the Consequences of Early Marriage among Kurdish Women: A Qualitative Study in Western Iran
Authors: Solhi Mahnaz , Azar Farbod Ebadi Fard , Farahani Farideh Khalajabadi , Lebni javad Yoosefi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Early marriage is one of the most important social issues for young women, which can have many consequences. Therefore the present study aimed to explore the consequences of early marriage among Kurdish women in western Iran.Methods: This qualitative study was conducted with the approach of conventional content analysis among Iranian Kurdish women who were married under the age of 18. The data were saturated through semi-structured interviews with 30 women selected by purposeful sampling. Data analysis was performed by Graneheim and Lundman’s method.Results: A total of 389 codes, 12 subcategories, 4 sub-categories, and 2 main categories were extracted from data analysis. Negative consequences of early marriage include 1- Physical and psychological problems (high-risk pregnancy and childbirth, physical illnesses, depression, and emotional distress), 2- Family problems (dissatisfaction with married life, Experience of having lots of responsibility, lack of independence in family life), 3. Social problems (social deviance, deprivation of social and health services, social isolation, deprivation of job, and educational opportunities) and positive consequences include receiving intra- family support, improving living conditions, and opportunities for progress and empowerment.Conclusions: It is possible to reduce problems and challenges after early marriage by increasing the awareness and knowledge of young women about contraceptives, providing appropriate social and health facilities and services during pregnancy. Providing the necessary training and psychological counseling for them and their husbands on how to deal with personal problems and marital life will be effective to a great extent.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Understanding of Probiotics Among Pediatricians in Different Regions of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Hasosah Mohammed , Qurashi Mansour , Balkhair Abdullah , Alzahrani Ziyad , Alabbasi Abdullah , Alzahrani Muhanad , Alnahdi Wejdan , Shafei Sohaib , Bafaqih Malak , Khan Muhammad A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundProbiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit upon the host. Knowledge and attitudes of health professionals have been reported to be at a medium level for probiotics. The objective was to evaluate the knowledge and practice styles about probiotics among pediatricians working in different regions of Saudi Arabia.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted at pediatric hospitals in Saudi Arabia. A national survey of 550 pediatric providers (PPs) was conducted between January and March 2020 anonymously on their knowledge and practice styles regarding probiotics, and it was completed by pediatric residents (PRs), pediatric specialist (PSs), pediatric consultants (PCs), and pediatric gastroenterologists (PGs). Results The survey had a response rate of 82%. Among the respondents, 57.7% were aware of the probiotic’s definition. There were significant differences in the percentage of participants who had little knowledge of probiotics (P<0.05), with the highest being PRs and the lowest being PGs. The most common probiotic used by all participants was Lactobacillus acidophilus (63.3%), and Mycobacterium avium was prescribed the least often (8.6%). Most PRs and PSs correctly reported that probiotics reduce the risk of antibiotic-induced diarrhea (74.9% and 80.2%, respectively), but there were no significant differences among them. ConclusionsSignificant differences in knowledge and practice patterns exist for probiotics. Identification of knowledge gaps may be useful to develop educational materials to improve the proper definition, knowledge, and use of probiotics.
Analysing the effectiveness of topical bleeding care following tooth extraction in patients receiving dual antiplatelet therapy-retrospective observational study
Authors: Lewandowski Bogumił , Myszka Aleksander , Migut Małgorzata , Czenczek-Lewandowska Ewelina , Brodowski Robert 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPatients using antiplatelet drugs following infarctions, acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or stroke pose a significant clinical problem if it is necessary to perform surgery, including dental surgery, since they are at risk of prolonged or secondary post-extraction bleeding. Discontinuation of this therapy is associated with a high risk of serious thromboembolic complications. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of TachoSil fibrin-collagen patches in stopping and preventing of secondary post-extraction bleeding in patients undergoing chronic antiplatelet therapy.MethodsThe study was conducted through retrospective examination of the medical records of 153 patients using chronic antiplatelet therapy and those qualified for tooth extraction. The largest group comprised 74 patients using aspirin and clopidogrel as dual platelet antiaggregation therapy; in this group 75 tooth extractions were carried out. In all of the patients TachoSil fibrin-collagen patches and stiches were applied to the wounds resulting from tooth removal. ResultsFollowing tooth extraction, primary bleeding was stopped in all the patients and their wounds closed via coagulation within 20-30 minutes. In eight cases, accounting for 4.9% of the patients, secondary bleeding occurred and was successfully stopped only by applying a pressure dressing soaked in tranexamic acid. Secondary bleeding occurred in three patients on the second day and in five patients on the third day following tooth removal. ConclusionTopical application of TachoSil patches following tooth removal in patients using single or dual antiplatelet therapy effectively stopped bleeding and prevented secondary bleeding after tooth extraction.
The efficacy of different extrapleural fixations in upper-posterior thoracoplasty in fibrous cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis patients
Authors: Belov S. A. , Grigoryuk A. A. 
Published: January 2021

The objective of the study: to compare the efficacy of different modifications of thoracoplasty in patients with apical fibrous cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis.Subjects and methods. The article describes the analysis of the results of thoracoplasty in 65 fibrous cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis patients performed from 2016 to 2019. Three types of thoracoplasty were used: thoracoplasty with polypropylene mesh, osteoplastic thoracoplasty, and traditional thoracoplasty. The results were assessed by the severity of intraoperative trauma, development of bronchopulmonary complications, lack of compression, and healing of cavities.Results. No significant difference in the degree of intraoperative injury was found when comparing three types of thoracoplasty (p > 0.05). Clinical and X-ray examinations of patients in 3 weeks after surgery revealed that in thoracoplasty with a polypropylene mesh, the frequency of bronchopulmonary complications and lack of compression was lower than in other types of thoracoplasty (p < 0.05). Using the patient's own tissues for extrapleural fixation, especially with large cavities, results in a significant decrease in the thoracoplasty efficacy.
Atención a población migrante: dinámicas gubernamentales y de la cooperación internacional en Cartagena, 2017 - 2020
Authors: Morales Sierra Ana Lucía , Valiente Julio , Blanco Rangel Ibelis 
Published: January 2021

El siguiente artículo busca analizar las dinámicas del gobierno local, nacional y la cooperación internacional en la atención a la población migrante proveniente de Venezuela en la ciudad de Cartagena. Para este fin, se utilizó una metodología mixta donde se realizó una revisión documental y doce entrevistas semiestructuradas a migrantes, funcionarios de instituciones de gobierno local y organismos de cooperación internacional.
Este análisis permitió observar que la ciudad carece de experticia y capacidad institucional para brindar atención a la población proveniente de Venezuela. Esta carencia logra que los organismos y agencias de cooperación internacional presentes en el territorio, jueguen un papel importante en la implementación de acciones dirigidas a esta población.
Por lo anterior, se propone una estrategia de comunicación e información que fortalezca los procesos de articulación entre el gobierno local y la cooperación internacional, de tal manera que las acciones que se implementen permitan una atención pertinente y con enfoque de derechos para los migrantes provenientes de Venezuela.
Palabras claves: Migración; Venezuela; Migrante Económico; Cooperación, ODS, Cartagena.
Characteristics of patients with psoriatic arthritis treated with ustekinumab. Evidence from real-life clinical practice
Authors: Korsakova Yu. L. , Loginova E. Yu. , Gubar E. E. , Korotaeva T. V. 
Published: January 2021

Introduction. Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic immunoinflammatory disease characterised by involvement of the skin, nail plates, joints, spine and entheses in the inflammatory process. The IL-12/IL-23 inhibitor ustekinumab (UST) is increasingly being used in psoriasis (Ps) and PsA.Aim of the study. To analyze patients with PsA who were under inpatient treatment in the V.A. Nasonova Scientific Research Institute of Rheumatology and Radiology and who were prescribed UST during the period from 2018 to 2020.Material and methods. UST was administered to 17 patients with PsA (9 women and 8 men), mean age was 46.4 ± 11.3 years. Duration of PsA course was 11 ± 10.5 years. Patients underwent clinical, laboratory and instrumental examination, BSA and PASI, DAPSA and BASDAI indices were determined.Results. Patients predominantly had widespread Ps (BSA 18.2 ± 15.9%). Erosive arthritis was present in 94.1% of patients, and sacroiliitis was detected in 100% of patients. PsA activity was high (DAPSA = 44.9 ± 20.9, BASDAI = 6.2 ± 1.5).94% of patients had two or more comorbidities. Circulatory system diseases were observed in 82.4% of patients, liver diseases in 29.5%, gastrointestinal diseases in 47%, endocrine system diseases in 17.6%, viral hepatitis C in 23.5%, latent tuberculosis infection in 17.6%, and joint surgery was performed in 11.2% of patients. The clinical example presented in the article demonstrates good tolerability of UST in a patient with PsA with a number of comorbidities and the possibility to increase the dose of UST from 45 to 90 mg in case of ineffective therapy.Conclusions. The safety profile of UST is good, and it can be administered to patients with cardiovascular diseases, obesity, various infections, including latent tuberculosis, etc.
Efficiency of Fat Suppression in T1-Weighted Inner Ear Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Multipoint Dixon Method Versus Hybrid Techniques
Authors: Cakmak Pinar , Herek Duygu , Yagci Ahmet Baki , Sagtas Ergin , Ufuk Furkan , Çakmak Vefa 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Temporal bone is a region where fat suppression is difficult due to the inhomogeneity
of various structures with different molecular properties.

Introduction:
We aimed to determine the most effective fat suppression sequence in order to increase the visibility of the
inner ear region.

Methods:
The hybrid techniques and T1-Weighted mDIXON images of 40 patients
with Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging of the inner ear were prospectively compared by two experienced
radiologists in terms of fat suppression efficacy. In all fat-suppressed sequences, the Signal
to Noise Ratio (SNR), the spinal cord signal intensity / mean fat signal intensity ratio and spinal
cord signal to noise ratio were calculated. The suppression efficacy of MR techniques for fat areas
in the inner ear was visually graded.

Results:
Qualitative assessment of image quality due to fat suppression in the inner ear was made;
the Dixon technique performed significantly better than SPAIR and SPIR techniques (p<0.0001).
The mean signal intensity of the inner ear fat and SNR for the Dixon technique were significantly
lower than that for SPIR and SPAIR techniques (p<0.0001). Inter-observer agreement regarding
the assessment of the inner ear fat, mean signal intensity values and mean SNR values for fat suppression
techniques was significant.

Conclusion:
The Dixon technique exhibited higher image quality and fat suppression efficiency
than the hybrid techniques in the MR imaging of the inner ear.
Changes in Essential Oil Profile of Thymus daenensis Celak., Thymus
fedtschenkoi Ronniger., and Thymus vulgaris L. Under Methyl Jasmonate
Treatment
Authors: Shayganfar Alireza , Akhzari Davod 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Thymus plants are well-known medicinal plants and it is believed that the pharmaceutical
and therapeutically properties of these plants are related to their essential oils. The quality and quantity
of the essential oils, as a secondary metabolite of aromatic plant, is directly related to the physiological
state of the plant. The role of jasmonates in the plant as signal molecules in mediation and up-regulation
of plant defense and secondary metabolism processes is well recognized.

Objective:
With the aim of increasing the performance and stimulating secondary metabolites, this
study evaluate the influence of foliar application of MJ on essential oil content and composition of three
different Thymus species, whether as an elicitor or an activator.

Method:
The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with MJ treatments in four levels
(0, 30, 60, 100 mM) and three replications.

Results:
Compared to the control, essential oil content of all three species increased in all treatment
levels. However, the changes of essential oil composition were different. Under MJ treatments, the
amount of sesquiterpenes (especially caryophyllene oxide) increased in T. daenensis and T.
fedtschenkoi. In addition, the amount of thymol in T. daenensis, thymol, and γ-terpinene in T. vulgaris
increased, whereas carvacrol methyl ether in T. daenensis and p-cymene in T. vulgaris decreased.

Conclusion:
It seems the type of plant species has a specific role in determining the response. There
were no interpretable changes between treatment levels.
The Role of Nutrition During the COVID-19 Pandemic: What We Know
Authors: Vitale Elsa , Magrone Manrico , Galatola Vito , Magrone Thea 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) (COVID-19) infection provokes
serious clinical consequences, which in many situations need hospitalization of the patient in Intensive Care Unit.
Additionally, SARS-COV-2 infection can indirectly cause deaths in aged individuals as well as in patients with comorbidities.

Objective:
To evaluate the effects of nutrition during the COVID-19 pandemic in both hospitalized patients and in the
general population.

Methods:
Authors searched Medline (PubMed), Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Google, and Institutional
websites for medical subheadings terms and free full text referred to “SARS-CoV-2”, COVID-19”, “nutrition”, “immune
system”, before 31st July 2020.

Results:
A total of 20 articles describing different nutritional interventions for patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection focusing
on the general population have been included. Of these, 6 studies are dealing with nutritional interventions for patients with
SARS-CoV2 infection and the others are focalized on a potential beneficial effect exerted by a Mediterranean-type diet,
related to the supplementation of micronutrients and vitamins.

Conclusion:
A correct lifestyle even including the consumption of nutrient largely present in MD, may be beneficial for
preventing or improving prognosis in the SARS-CoV-2 infection.
The Progress and Perspectives of Nanotechnology Applied in Nontraditional
Precision Machining Processes for Advanced Industrial Applications
Authors: Qiao Xun , Zhang Yi , Meng Dongrong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract:
Nontraditional precision processes (especially at the nanoscale) have been significantly developed in modern
industry to meet the specific requirements of applications. In this paper, the progress of nanotechnology applied in
nontraditional precision machining processes for advanced industrial applications is presented. In particular, the
mechanisms, parameters, properties, applications and patent trends of ultrasonic machining, ion nanobeams machining
and laser machining are further explored and analyzed in detail. Other nontraditional precision machining processes
related to nanotechnology are also outlined briefly. Finally, the developments and future perspectives of nanotechnology
used in nontraditional precision machining are discussed.