bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alternate definitions of adverse pathology to predict a very high risk of metastasis in men with intermediate‐ and low‐risk prostate cancer
Authors: Castaneda Peris , Kuhlmann Paige K. , Ithisuphalap Jaruda , Howard Lauren E. , Klaassen Zachary , Rivera Lourdes Guerrios , Amling Christopher L. , Aronson William J. , Cooperberg Matthew R. , Kane Christopher J. , Terris Martha K. , Freedland Stephen J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundAdverse pathology (AP) is often used as an intermediate end point for long‐term outcomes in men with prostate cancer (PCa) who are active surveillance candidates. The association between a commonly used AP definition and long‐term outcomes was tested, which identified definitions more strongly linked to a high risk of metastasis.MethodsData were reviewed from the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital cohort of men undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) from 1988 to 2020 at nine Veterans Affairs hospitals. Men meeting National Comprehensive Cancer Network low‐risk and favorable intermediate‐risk criteria were included. Men with and without AP were compared; men with AP were defined as having grade groups 3–5 or pathological stage ≥pT3a or pN1 at RP (definition 1). Sensitivity analyses were performed for six alternative definitions (definitions 2–7) and their association with biochemical recurrence (BCR), metastasis, PCa‐specific mortality (PCSM), and castrate‐resistant PCa (CRPC).ResultsA total of 2175 men were included: 711 had AP by definition 1. In univariable analyses, all AP definitions were associated with the risk of BCR, metastasis, and PCSM. All but one definition were associated with CRPC. In definitions 1–6, the 10‐year event rate for metastasis in those with AP ranged from 3.0% (definition 1) to 7.9% (definition 5). Only in definition 7 was the 10‐year event rate for metastasis >10%. However, only 0.5% of patients (11 of 2175) met definition 7.ConclusionsAP was statistically associated with relatively worse outcomes. However, in all but the most stringent definitions, met by <1% of patients, the absolute event rate of metastasis in men with AP was low. This challenges the clinical usefulness of AP as an intermediate end point in men with intermediate‐ to low‐risk PCa.
Maternal Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) Moderates the Association Between Birth Weight and EEG Power in Healthy Term‐Age Newborns
Authors: Shuffrey Lauren C. , Pini Nicolò , Mei Han , Rodriguez Cynthia , Gimenez Lissete A. , Barbosa Jennifer R. , Rodriguez Daianna J. , Rayport Yael , Sania Ayesha , Monk Catherine , Fifer William P. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects around 10% of pregnancies in the United States and has been linked to neurodevelopmental sequelae in children. However, there is a paucity of studies investigating early‐life neural markers in GDM‐exposed infants. This study examined the association of GDM with relative EEG power among healthy term‐age neonates collected during natural sleep. Participants included a diverse cohort of 101 mothers (45% multiracial, 25% Black, and 69% Hispanic or Latina) and their infants (gestational age at birth Mage = 39.0 ± 0.95; 46.5% female). We did not observe the main effect of GDM on infant relative EEG power. Our post hoc analyses revealed a significant interaction effect between GDM and infant birth weight on relative EEG power in active sleep. Among GDM‐exposed neonates, increased birth weight was associated with increased relative theta EEG power and decreased relative beta and gamma EEG power across multiple electrode regions. Among non‐GDM‐exposed infants, increased birth weight was associated with decreased relative theta EEG power and increased relative beta and gamma EEG power across multiple electrode regions. Our findings suggest that alterations in fetal growth may serve as either an indirect marker or pathway through which GDM influences the developing fetal brain.
Association of Sudomotor Dysfunction With Risk of Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Wang Ming , Lu Jingyi , Zhu Wei , Ni Jiaying , Wang Yaxin , Yu Jiamin , Zhao Weijing , Du Ronghui , Zhou Jian 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivePrevious studies suggested that sudomotor dysfunction is closely related to multiple diabetic microvascular complications. We aimed to investigate the association between sudomotor dysfunction and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis (SCAS) in people with type 2 diabetes.MethodsA total of 1788 participants were included in this cross‐sectional study. Sudomotor function was assessed using the SUDOSCAN device, and sudomotor dysfunction was defined as feet electrochemical skin conductance (FESC) < 60 μs. The carotid artery was evaluated by high‐resolution B‐mode ultrasonography. SCAS was defined as mean carotid intima‐media thickness ≥ 1.0 mm and/or the presence of carotid plaque. A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the relationship between sudomotor dysfunction and the risk of SCAS.ResultsAmong the enrolled 1788 participants, 1094 (61.2%) were male. The median age was 60.0 (51.0–66.0) years, and the median glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level was 8.3% (7.1%–9.9%). Four hundred twenty‐nine individuals had sudomotor dysfunction, equivalent to 24.0% of all subjects. Compared to people with normal sudomotor function, those with sudomotor dysfunction had a significantly higher prevalence of SCAS (68.1% vs. 58.3%, p < 0.05). Meanwhile, we found that people with SCAS had a lower median FESC level (76.8 μs vs. 74.4 μs) (p = 0.003) and a higher proportion of abnormal sudomotor function (26.9% vs. 19.5%) (p < 0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors including HbA1c, sudomotor dysfunction was significantly associated with the risk of SCAS (odd ratio [OR] = 1.48, 95%CI 1.13–1.95). Furthermore, When FESC was considered as a continuous variable, the multivariable‐adjusted OR of SCAS was 1.17 (95%CI 1.04–1.32) for per 1‐SD decrease in FESC.ConclusionsSudomotor dysfunction was significantly related to SCAS in people with type 2 diabetes.
馬酔木中毒の1例(Pieris japonica poisoning: A case report)
Authors: 真由子 長田 , 孝昭 丸橋 , 久仁子 吉村 , 真里奈 大井 , 真由美 石塚 , 良徳 池中 , 靖 浅利 
Published: January 2025

要旨馬酔木は有毒物質であるgrayanotoxin（GTX）を含有し，摂取により中毒症状を来す。GTX類は電位依存性Na+チャネルの持続開放による膜の持続的脱分極によりジギタリス中毒に似た症状を呈する。重症例では昇圧剤や一時的経静脈的ペースメーカーの挿入が必要となる可能性がある。本邦の中毒症例報告は家畜がほとんどで，ヒトでの報告例はない。症例は59歳の女性。馬酔木の経口摂取により，下痢，嘔吐，心窩部不快感，眩暈，黄視症で救急搬送された。初診時，血圧60/40mmHg，脈拍数46/分と徐脈・低血圧を呈していた。大量輸液により速やかに循環動態は改善し，胃内容物吸引と活性炭投与を行い経過観察のため入院した。入院後症状の増悪や再燃はなく第2病日に退院した。初診時の尿と胃内容物の生体試料分析を行ったが，いずれもGTX濃度は感度以下であった。このように，GTXは代謝が早く生体試料分析は臨床的重症度を必ずしも反映しない。報告例は少ないが，馬酔木は身近に広く自生しているため，その中毒作用について留意する必要がある。
Trophic level influences larval Shortbelly Rockfish development
Authors: Kwan Garfield T. , Walsh Kamran A. , Thompson Andrew R. , Ben-Aderet Noah J. , Fennie H. William , Semmens Brice X. , Swalethorp Rasmus 
Published: January 2025

Abstractr

Objective
Early life success of fishes is considered one of the most important drivers of recruitment to adult populations, and elucidating the governing mechanisms is important for management efforts. Many hypotheses over the past century have been proposed to explain recruitment fluctuation, with the recently postulated Trophic Efficiency in Early Life (TEEL) hypothesis arguing that a shorter food chain length equals greater energy transfer efficiency from primary producers to larval fishes, thereby reducing early-life mortality and ultimately leading to stronger recruitment. Under TEEL it would then be assumed that feeding low in the food chain would improve growth and body condition, as these are often shown to be associated with increased survival in larval fishes. The objective of this study was to test this aspect of the TEEL hypothesis by quantifying condition, growth, and trophic level of larval Shortbelly Rockfish Sebastes jordani collected by the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations program and archived at the Ichthyoplankton Collection.

Methods
The trophic level on larval Shortbelly Rockfish was assessed with compound-specific isotopic analysis of amino acids. Their size at age and survival were estimated with otolith microstructure. Their diet was examined through stomach content analysis.

Result
Observations indicate that larvae consuming prey at a lower trophic level have greater body weight and exhibit faster growth rates. However, feeding at a lower trophic level did not influence body length. The ingested prey responsible for the lower trophic level within larval rockfish could not be determined.

Conclusion
Larval Shortbelly Rockfish consuming prey at a lower trophic level garnered greater body weight and exhibited faster growth rates and provides support for the TEEL hypothesis. However, further research is needed to identify the preferred prey(s) responsible for the more efficient energy transfer.
A SARS‐CoV‐2 EG.5 mRNA vaccine induces a broad‐spectrum immune response in mice
Authors: Wang Hongyu , Peng Qinhua , Dai Xinxian , Ying Zhifang , Wu Xiaohong , Liu Xinyu , Xu Hongshan , Li Jia , Shi Leitai , Liu Jingjing , Wang Yunpeng , Zhao Danhua , Huang Yanqiu , Yang Lihong , Yang Ren , Yue Guangzhi , Suo Yue , Ye Qiang , Cao Shouchun , Li Yuhua 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe emerging of emergent SARS‐CoV‐2 subvariants has reduced the protective efficacy of COVID‐19 vaccines. Therefore, novel COVID‐19 vaccines targeting these emergent variants are needed. We designed and prepared CoV072, an mRNA‐based vaccine against SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron (EG.5) and other emergent SARS‐CoV‐2 subvariants that encodes the EG.5 spike protein. Six‐week‐old female BALB/C mice were used to assess humoral and cellular immune responses and cross‐reactive neutralizing activity against various SARS‐CoV‐2 subvariants. Meanwhile different immunization strategies and doses were performed to detect the immunogenicity of this mRNA vaccine. Our results show that two doses of 5 µg CoV072 or a single dose of 15 µg CoV072 both induced broad‐spectrum cross‐protection ability in mice. Compared with a single dose of 15 µg CoV072, two doses of 5 µg COV072 exhibited higher levels of pseudovirus neutralizing antibody (PNAb) and cross‐reactive IgG responses to multiple variants. Moreover, higher levels of neutralizing antibody (NAb) against live XBB and EG.5 variants were also induced. Th1‐biased cellular immune response was induced in all vaccination groups. The antigen design and immunization strategy of this study have reference significance for the research of the next generation of COVID‐19 vaccine and other vaccines.
Bioelectrical‐Impedance‐Analysis in the Perioperative Nutritional Assessment and Prediction of Complications in Head‐and‐Neck Malignancies
Authors: Lai Yi Ting , Peh Hui Yee , Binte Abdul Kadir Hanis , Lee Chun Fan , Iyer N. Gopalakrishna , Wong Ting Hway , Tay Gerald Ci An 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveIdentification of patients with head‐and‐neck malignancies who are especially vulnerable to malnutrition is critical for optimizing outcomes. The objectives are; to correlate Bioelectrical‐impendence‐analysis (BIA) parameters with Subjective‐Global‐Assessment (SGA) scores, and determine the association of BIA parameters with common perioperative complications in patients undergoing head‐and‐neck surgery.Study DesignPatients underwent formal SGA scoring and BIA preoperatively in a multidisciplinary allied health clinic.SettingsThis is a cohort study of 61 patients with head‐and‐neck malignancies who were admitted for elective surgery from 2018 to 2019 in a tertiary hospital in Singapore.MethodsBIA was performed using the Bodystat Quadscan 4000. Kruskal‐Wallis rank sum tests and were performed for associations between SGA and BIA parameters. Wilcoxon rank sum tests and multivariable logistic regression models (Firth's bias reduction method) were performed to evaluate associations between BIA parameters and perioperative complications. Receiver‐operating‐characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted for determination of optimal cut‐off values of phase angle and Wellness marker in detecting malnutrition and perioperative pneumonia using Youden's‐Index (YI).Results45 males and 16 females with median age of 62 were included in the study. Significant differences were observed in Wellness Marker (P = .006) and phase angle (P = .008) among patients in the 3 SGA categories. The Wellness Marker (P = .02) was associated with perioperative pneumonia in the univariate analysis. No significant differences were observed for other perioperative complications studied.ConclusionBIA shows promise as a preoperative tool, in conjunction with SGA, to detect malnutrition in patients undergoing surgery for head‐and‐neck malignancies and highlight patients at risk of developing perioperative pneumonia.
Aerodigestive Sequelae and Triple Endoscopy after Congenital Tracheoesophageal Fistula Repair in Children
Authors: Jin Whitney , Chiou Eric H. , Das Shailendra , Hosek Kathleen E. , Lambert Elton M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractChildren post‐tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) repair may present with chronic respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms that can affect quality of life.ObjectiveTo identify factors associated with positive findings on triple endoscopy following neonatal TEF repair.Study DesignCase series with retrospective review of patients.SettingTertiary care center aerodigestive program.MethodsChildren with neonatally repaired congenital TEF who had a triple endoscopy between 2011 and 2022 were reviewed. The presence of chronic cough, recurrent pulmonary infections, lipid‐laden macrophages (LLM), and airway and esophageal anomalies were among the variables analyzed. Chi‐square and Kruskal‐Wallis univariate analysis was performed.ResultsThe mean age was 4.28 ± 4.65 years old, and the most common type of TEF repaired was type C (78%). Within our cohort, 87% of patients had GERD, 60% of patients had prior esophageal dilations, and 84% of patients had tracheomalacia. Thirty‐one (46.3%) patients had laryngeal cleft, of which 77.4% had a history of prior esophageal dilations (P = .01). Twenty‐one (33.9%) patients had tracheal diverticulum on bronchoscopy, which was associated with chronic cough, stridor, and coughing with feeds. Patients with positive LLM on BAL were associated with presentation of chronic cough and stridor (P = .03). Recurrent TEF was associated with chronic cough. Subglottic stenosis was associated with a history of prolonged intubation (P < .05).ConclusionChronic cough was frequently reported and associated with tracheal diverticulum, recurrent TEF, and positive LLM findings on triple endoscopy in patients after congenital TEF repair. Patients presenting with chronic cough and stridor following congenital TEF repair may benefit from a multidisciplinary evaluation.
The Effect of Clostridium butyricum‐Derived Lipoteichoic Acid on Lipopolysaccharide‐Stimulated Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells
Authors: Chen Qu , Ma Lingyan , Wen Yang , Lyu Wentao , Yu Minjie , Yang Hua , Xiao Yingping 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundClostridium butyricum is a probiotic widely used in animal husbandry, and there is evidence to suggest that it can alleviate intestinal inflammation in pigs and may be related to its lipoteichoic acid (LTA), but the mechanism is still unclear.ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the regulatory effect and potential mechanism of C. butyricum LTA on LPS‐stimulated inflammation in intestinal porcine epithelial line‐J2 (IPEC‐J2).MethodsIPEC‐J2 cells were treated with LPS and different concentrations of LTA (0.05, 0.1 and 0.15 mM). After treatment of 0.5, 1.5 and 4.5 h, the cell culture media were collected for the measurement of TNF‐α and IL‐10 by using ELISA kits, and the cells were collected for RT‐qPCR and Western blotting detections. Further elucidating the pathway of LTA regulating IL‐10 and TNF‐α gene expression by inhibiting key proteins in the toll‐like receptor pathway with antagonists C34, PDTC, SB230580 and U0126.ResultsHigh‐dose LTA significantly promoted the secretion of the anti‐inflammatory factor IL‐10 in IPEC‐J2 cells, and inhibited the expression and secretion of pro‐inflammatory TNF‐α in the short term. LTA inhibited the gene expression of TLR4 in LPS‐stimulated cells and reduced the protein phosphorylation levels of p38, ERK1/2 and p65. The inhibition of TLR4, p38, ERK1/2 and p65 reduced the TNF‐α gene expression caused by LPS; LTA increased TLR2 gene expression, inhibition of p38, ERK and p65 rather than TLR4 reduced the IL‐10 gene expression.ConclusionOur study found that C. butyricum LTA was an important component of C. butyricum regulating the inflammatory response of IPEC‐J2 cells. LTA mainly reduced the expression of TNF‐α by inhibiting TLR4, while stimulating TLR2 increased the expression of IL‐10. Downstream p65, p38 and ERK1/2 were involved in regulating both TNF‐α and IL‐10. However, TLR4 was only related to the increase in TNF‐α caused by LPS and not to the increase in IL‐10 caused by LTA. Our work supplemented the probiotic mechanism of C. butyricum and provided a theoretical basis for the application of C. butyricum LTA.
Submerged Aquatic Vegetation, Marshes, and Mangroves
Authors: Capistrant-Fossa Kyle A. , Batterton Berit E. , Dunton Kenneth H. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe intertidal and subtidal wetlands of vascular vegetation on the Texas coast are among the most diverse flora of any coastal state in the United States. Marsh, mangrove, and seagrass distributional patterns reflect the unique latitudinal gradient in rainfall from the wet Sabine-Neches estuary to the arid Lower Laguna Madre, in which precipitation decreases by over 50% over Texas’ 5400 km coastline. The estuarine vegetation changes predictably in response to increasing salinity, from brackish emergent marsh systems in the north, to mixed mangrove-marsh assemblages on the central coast, to hypersaline systems dominated by submerged seagrasses and wind-tidal flats in the south. These foundation species are largely responsible for the enormous secondary productivity of the Texas coastal system as reflected in strong fisheries that include many estuarine dependent species, from oysters to redfish. These vegetated habitats are also critical to the amazing resilience of the Texas coastal zone to storms and other natural disturbances. In this chapter, we describe vegetative spatial distributions in relation to freshwater inflow and the role of nutrients, light, and soils on plant productivity and carbon sequestration. Special emphasis is placed on the value of wetlands as long-term integrators of regional climate, sea level rise, nutrient loading, and salinity.
Effect of Freshwater Inflow on Benthic Infauna
Authors: Montagna Paul A. , Kalke Richard D. , Hyde Larry J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBenthic organisms are ideal bioindicators of freshwater inflow effects in bays and estuaries because they are fixed in space and integrate ephemeral processes in the overlying water column over long periods of time. Freshwater inflow regulates water quality, which drives benthic abundance, productivity, diversity, and community structure. Texas estuaries have different long-term characteristic fauna that reflect the long-term average salinity and sediment conditions in each bay system. Within estuary systems, the secondary bays have distinct communities compared to the primary bays because secondary bays are closer to freshwater inflow sources and are more oligohaline and/or brackish in nature than primary bays that are more marine influenced. Similar responses occur within bay types over time when conditions change with droughts, floods, freezes, and major events, such as hurricanes. Bioindicators of freshwater inflow effects include four dominant species: the polychaetes, Mediomastus ambiseta, and Streblospio benedicti; the bivalve Mulinia lateralis; and the amphipod Ampelisca abdita. Each of these species is primarily found in secondary bays with similar salinities where abundances are higher than in primary bays. Because of the relationship between prevailing salinity conditions and benthos community structure, assessment of benthic conditions can be used to determine if a “sound ecological environment” exists in a given bay system.
Freshwater Inflow and Salinity Shape Nekton Diversity and Community Structure Within Texas Estuaries
Authors: Coffey Daniel M. , Stunz Gregory W. , Montagna Paul A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe Texas coast climatic gradient of decreasing precipitation and freshwater inflow from northeast to southwest shapes estuarine ecosystems and biodiversity. By employing broad-scale diversity and community structure metrics and habitat suitability models of key indicator species, this study explored how multiple abiotic environmental factors, freshwater inflows, and drought and flood events shape estuarine communities across different spatial and temporal scales. A long-term fishery-independent dataset captured the latitudinal, seasonal, and interannual range of environmental conditions, providing insights into the general patterns and trends across different ecosystems and demonstrating how freshwater inflow regimes affect estuarine nekton communities. Across estuaries, salinity was a primary driver of estuarine diversity and community structure, though nekton diversity and community structure can be highly dynamic. In general, species diversity metrics decreased with increasing salinity; however, community composition shifted across latitudinal hydrological regimes so that a suite of species could inhabit each estuary in response to divergent patterns in freshwater inflows and environmental variables. These spatial patterns indicate that resource managers may be well-served to incorporate community dynamics and hydrological regimes when developing adaptive management plans to maintain freshwater inflow and target salinities for important fisheries species and estuarine communities to produce a sound ecological environment.
Climate Effects on Inflows
Authors: Nielsen-Gammon John W. , Tarter Alison A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractClimate has a profound influence on the most fundamental properties of Texas bays and estuaries: their water temperatures and salinities, their circulation, and even their locations and spatial extents. With climate change, these influences will evolve and possibly change the character of bays and estuaries. Key climate changes include warmer temperatures, changes in amount and distribution of precipitation, and sea level rise. Inflows to Texas bays and estuaries are not altered solely by climate change, but it is possible to infer the impacts attributable to climate change. Specifically, hydrologic model simulations driven by downscaled climate model projections tend to predict roughly equal chances of increases or decreases in total inflows, but with a clear tendency for more erratic inflows as the wettest months get wetter and the driest months get drier. Projections of most hydrological variables have largely spread across models, indicating that change is likely, but the specific magnitude of change cannot be discerned at this time. Both increasing variability and a long-term trend imply that estuarine ecosystems must be able to adapt to a broader range of conditions than those found historically. Management decisions should allow for a range of possible future climate impacts.