bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tribological Investigation of Self-Lubricated Al-SiC-Kaoline Hybrid Composite Under Dry, Oil and Nanofluids Lubricating Conditions Fabricated Through Spark Plasma Sintering Technique.
Authors: Vavilada Venkatesh , Deoghare Ashish B 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this present study Al-10% SiC- X % Kaoline (X= 0, 2, 4, 6, 8) HMMC synthesized by spark plasma sintering technique. The fabricated HMMC samples corresponding to maximum compression strength was subjected to tribological investigation under dry, oil and nanofluids lubricating conditions. Nanofluid lubricants were developed by incorporating SiC nanoparticles with weight percentages of 1 wt%, 1.5 wt% and 2 wt% into the soluble oil. The thermal conductivity was found to be increased with increasing the wt % of SiC nanoparticles and the maximum thermal conductivity of 0.771 W/m.K was obtained for the nanofluids with 2 wt% SiC nanofluids. Sliding wear test was conducted on the pin-on-disc tribometer at 40 N load and sliding speed of 1500 r.p.m for a sliding of 180 s. Results reveal that there was a significant effect of the lubricating conditions (dry, oil and nanofluids) on the wear and C.O.F of the HMMC pin surface. The minimum wear of 119 microns and minimum C.O.F of 0.11 was obtained for nanofluid with 2 wt% SiC nanofluid lubricating conditions. SEM analysis of worn surface under dry and soluble oil lubricating conditions reveal the presence of microcracks and delaminations wear. However, worn surface with smooth grooves and absence of microcracks was identified under nanofluid lubricating conditions.
AMIGO2 Contained in Cancer Cell-derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Enhances the Adhesion of Liver Endothelial Cells to Cancer Cells
Authors: Izutsu Runa , Osaki Mitsuhiko , Nemoto Hideyuki , Jingu Maho , Sasaki Ryo , Yoshioka Yusuke , Ochiya Takahiro , Okada Futoshi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Adhesion of cancer cells to vascular endothelial cells in target organs is an initial step in cancer metastasis. Our previous studies revealed that amphoterin-induced gene and open reading frame 2 (AMIGO2) promotes the adhesion of tumor cells to liver endothelial cells, followed by the formation of liver metastasis in a mouse model. However, the precise mechanism underlying AMIGO2-promoted the adhesion of tumor cells and liver endothelial cells remains unknown. This study was conducted to explore the role of cancer cell-derived AMIGO2-containing small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) in the adhesion of cancer cells to human hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells (HHSECs). Western blotting indicated that AMIGO2 was present in sEVs from AMIGO2-overexpressing MKN-28 gastric cancer cells. The efficiency of sEV incorporation into HHSECs was independent of the AMIGO2 content in sEVs. When sEV-derived AMIGO2 was internalized in HHSECs, it significantly enhanced the adhesion of HHSECs to gastric (MKN-28 and MKN-74) and colorectal cancer cells (SW480), all of which lacked AMIGO2 expression. Thus, we identified a novel mechanism by which sEV-derived AMIGO2 released from AMIGO2-expressing cancer cells stimulates endothelial cell adhesion to different cancer cells for the initiate step of liver metastasis.
Environmental Application of Acid Activated Kaolinite-Glauconite Clay Assisted By Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Turki Thouraya , Frini-Sra Najoua , Sra Ezzeddine 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Crude kaolinite-glauconite clay was active with hydrochloric acid for various times under variable microwave irradiation power. The influence of activation parameters (power and/or time) on the structural and textural properties of the treated samples has been studied. The modifications were evaluated by XRD, FTIR, XRF, SEM, BET, grain size and zettametry. The XRD and IR results show that acid activation reveals only weak changes on crystallinity of samples. However, HCl activation of clay assisted by microwave modifies morphology and size of grains with a little variation of the specific surface area values. The adsorbing power of the raw and activated clay was tested with methyl orange dye and the adsorption isotherms were modeled using Langmuir and Freundlich models. This study showed that the maximum adsorbed quantity of dye passes from 3.21mg/g for the untreated raw clay to 4.29mg/g for the activated clay irradiated 2 min under microwave at a power of 900W and that the Langmuir model is the most adequate to describe the adsorption process.
Occupational inequalities in mortality in South Korea using nationally representative mortality follow-up data from the late 2000s and after
Authors: Noh Eunjeong , Khang Young-Ho 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Many Korean and international studies have found higher mortality and poorer health conditions among manual workers than among non-manual workers. However, a recent study using unlinked data argued that since the economic crisis in Korea in the late 2000s, the mortality estimates of male Korean non-manual workers have been higher than those of manual workers. Our work using individually linked data from the late 2000s and after aimed to examine mortality inequality by occupational class. We analyzed Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data that were individually linked to cause-of-death data. Cox regression analysis was used to identify the hazard ratios for mortality by occupational class. Of 11,766 men aged between 35 and 64, 397 died between 2007 and 2018: 142 died from cancer, 68 from cardiovascular diseases, 88 from external causes, and 99 from other causes. After controlling for age, the mortality estimates for manual workers were 1.85 times higher than those for upper non-manual workers (P < 0.05). We observed no evidence of reversed mortality inequality among occupational classes in Korea since the 2000s; this previously reported finding might have been due to numerator-denominator bias arising from the use of unlinked data.
Pathways to Loneliness: A Mediation Analysis Investigating the Social Gradient of Loneliness in Persons With Disabilities in Switzerland
Authors: Tough Hannah , Gross-Hemmi Mirja , Eriks-Hoogland Inge , Fekete Christine 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe experience of loneliness can have drastic consequences for health and quality of life. Given that loneliness is highly prevalent in persons with physical disabilities and that loneliness more profoundly affects persons of low socioeconomic status, more evidence is required in order to understand the mechanisms determining loneliness in this population. The objective of this study is therefore to investigate the potential pathways through which socioeconomic status influences loneliness in persons with spinal cord injury.MethodsParallel and serial mediation analysis utilising structural equation models and bias corrected and accelerated confidence intervals were used in order to test the mediation effects of health status, functioning, participation, social support and self-efficacy on the association between socioeconomic status and loneliness in persons with spinal cord injury. A latent construct was created for socioeconomic status with the indicators education, household income, financial hardship, subjective social status and engagement in paid work. ResultsThis study found evidence to support the mediating role of psychosocial resources and of secondary health conditions in the association between socioeconomic status and loneliness. The study demonstrated robust associations between socioeconomic status and all mediators, whereby higher socioeconomic status was associated with better health, participation and psychosocial resources. Results also suggested that the serial mediation model explained the interplay between socioeconomic status, mediators on different levels, and loneliness. For example, emotional support and self-efficacy were both positively associated with fewer restrictions to participation (0.12 (CI: 0.05, 0.17); 0.29 (CI: 0.23, 0.35) respectively), and frequency of participation increased as a result of improved functional independence and fewer secondary health conditions (0.31 (CI: 0.23, 0.36); -0.18 (CI: -0.24, -0.10) respectively). Conclusions﻿This study has emphasized the social gradient of loneliness in persons with spinal cord injury and has identified several potential mediating factors, such as health status and psychosocial resources, in the association between socioeconomic status and loneliness. This population-based evidence suggests potential targets of interventions on the pathway to loneliness, and has identified potential underlying mechanisms, through which socioeconomic status influences loneliness.
Effect of Er:YAG Laser on Surface Properties, Bacterial and Lipopolysaccharide Clearance, and Human Gingival Fibroblast Adhesion: An In-Vitro Peri-Implantitis Model
Authors: Wang Cheng-Ying , Lee Bor-Shiunn , Jhang Ya-Ting , Ma Kevin Sheng-Kai , Huang Chen-Pang , Fu Kuan-Lun , Lai Chern-Hsiung , Kuo Mark Yen-Ping , Chen Yi-Wen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the effect of Er:YAG laser treatment on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) clearance and fibroblast adhesion in an ex vivo peri-implantitis model. Methods: Grade IV titanium discs (n = 216) were used and allocated to 6 groups. Group 1 was the negative control without Porphyromonas gingivalis inoculation. Discs in Groups 2 to 6 were incubated with P. gingivalis to form a biofilm. Group 3 received 0.12% chlorhexidine irrigation and Group 4 received titanium curettage to remove the biofilm. Group 5 was treated with Er:YAG laser irradiation and Group 6 was treated with titanium curettage plus Er:YAG laser irradiation. The contact angle and surface roughness were measured after the various treatments. The surface microstructure and residual bacteria were examined using scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy, respectively. Residual LPS was examined using a limulus amoebocyte lysate assay and human gingival fibroblast adhesion was quantified using fluorescent microscopy. Results: Curettage plus Er:YAG laser irradiation was the most effective method for removing bacteria and LPS. No significant difference in the amount of fibroblast adhesion was found between the control and Group 6. Conclusion: Combined use of Er:YAG laser irradiation and curettage is a promising therapy for managing peri-implantitis .
Evaluation of The Therapeutic Regimen in COVID-19 in Transplant Patients: Where Do Immunomodulatory and Antivirals Stand?
Authors: Shafiekhani Mojtaba , Shahabinezhad Farbod , Niknam Tahmoores , Tara Seyed Ahmad , Haem Elham , Mardani Parviz , Zare Zahra , Jafarian Sedigheh , Jahromi Khatereh Mirzad , Arabsheybani Sara , Moeini Yalda Sadat , Jalali Seyed Soroush , Salimi Maryam , Shahriarirad Reza , Malek-Hosseini Seyed Ali 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
The management of COVID-19 in organ transplant recipients is among the most imperative, yet less discussed, issues based on their immunocompromised status along with their vast post-transplant medication regimens. No conclusive study has been published to evaluate proper anti-viral and immunomodulator medications effect in treating COVID-19 patients to this date.
Method:
This retrospective study was conducted in Shiraz Transplant Hospital, Iran from March 2020 to May 2021 and included COVID-19 diagnosed patients based on SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive test who had been hospitalized for at least 48 hours before enrolling in the study. Clinical and demographic information of patients, along with their treatment course and the medication used were evaluated and analyzed using multiple regression analysis.
Results
A total of 245 patients with a mean age of 49.59 years were included with a mortality rate of 8.16%. The administration of Remdesivir as an anti-viral drug (P-value˂0.001) and Tocilizumab as an immunomodulator drug (P-value < 0.001) could reduce the hospitalization period in the hospital and the intensive care unit, as well as the mortality rates significantly. Meanwhile, the patients treated with Lopinavir/Ritonavir experienced a lower chance of survival (OR < 1, P-value = 0.04). No significant difference was observed between various therapeutic regimens in clinical complications such as bacterial coinfections, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal adverse reactions, and liver or kidney dysfunctions.
Conclusion
The administration of Remdesivir as an anti-viral and Tocilizumab as an immunomodulatory drug in SOT recipients could be promising treatments of choice to manage COVID-19.
Preparation and Characterization of Ag@TiO2/α-Fe2O3 Ternary Nanocomposite for enhanced visible light photocatalytic performance
Authors: Saber Nesrine Ben , Mezni Amine 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this work, ternary Ag@TiO2/α-Fe2O3 nanocomposite were synthesized via solvothermal chemical reduction method using N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent and reducing agent. The chemical procedure involves the use of only metals precursors without the need to use any other surfactants or capping agents. Physicochemical properties of the designed photocatalyst are found by means of various modern techniques. XRD data confirmed the high crystallinity of the obtained ternary nanocomposite. On the other hand, using TEM and HRTEM instruments, the shape and morphology of the Ag@TiO2/α-Fe2O3 nanocomposite were found to be spherical with an average particle size of 150 nm. The UV-Vis measurement shows that Ag@TiO2/α-Fe2O3 as photocatalyst exhibited good photo response in the visible region. The effect of preparation method and the performance of the designed photocatalyst were evaluated by photodegradation measurements of MB under visible light irradiation. We observed that the combination of metallic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and hematite iron oxide (α-Fe2O3) with titanium dioxide (TiO2) enhance the photocatalytic activity of the ternary Ag@TiO2/α-Fe2O3 photocatalyst compared to bare TiO2 suggesting its potential for many purification applications.
A Panel of CSF and Serum Biomarkers Reflecting Injury Severity and Outcome in a Human Spinal Cord Injury Study
Authors: Yang Zhihui , Fu Yueqiang , Kaur Sehajpreet , Jabbal Iktej Singh , Moghieb Ahmed , Istanbouli Ayah , Irfan Zoha , Bramlett Helen M. , Patterson Robert Logan , Kurup Milin , Morrow Lindsey , Cohn Michael , Ruiz Samuel J. , Zhang Zhiqun , Zhu Jiepei , Hayes Ronald L. , Bullock M. Ross , Dietrich W. Dalton , Wang Michael Y. , Wang Kevin K. W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Acute spinal cord injury (SCI) results in catastrophic neurological impairment. We aimed to examine the temporal profile and severity correlation of biomarkers, and their relationship with the American Spinal Injury Association Scale (AIS) improvement in human SCI. 15 SCI and 10 non-SCI healthy subjects were classified according to the initial and discharge AIS grade. Serial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples were collected. Spectrin breakdown products (SBDP) 150, SBDP145, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and GFAP breakdown product (GBDP) 38/44K were found to be elevated in the acute phase CSF samples in SCI patients on immunoblotting. SBDP150, ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1), GFAP, S100B, neurofilament light chain protein (NF-L), Tau & interleukin (IL) -6 were elevated in the acute phase CSF and serum samples on ELISA. CSF SBDP150, UCH-L1, GFAP, S100B and Tau were seen to peak on day 1 after injury, while CSF IL-6 and NF-L peaked on day 5. Serum SBDP150, IL-6, S100B, GFAP, UCHL-1 and Tau peaked on day 1, while serum NF-L peaked on day 5 post-injury. CSF alpha II-spectrin, SBDP150/145, and GBDP 44-38K levels (by immunoblots), CSF SBDP150, S100B, GFAP, UCHL-1 and Tau (ELISA) and serum UCHL-1 and Tau (ELISA) at specific time points showed SCI severity-correlation. CSF SBDP150, GFAP, and Tau and serum UCHL-1 and Tau (ELISA) were seen to have the best correlation with the severity at discharge. Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve analysis showed that CSF and serum biomarkers (SBDP150, IL-6, S100B, GFAP, NF-L, UCHL-1 and Tau) were associated with the severity of SCI.
Defining Rural In Aotearoa New Zealand: A Novel Geographic Classification For Health Purposes
Authors: Whitehead Jesse , Davie Gabrielle , de Graaf Brandon , Crengle Sue , Fearnley David , Smith Michelle , Lawrenson Ross , Nixon Garry 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objectives: To develop a valid rurality classification for health purposes in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) that is technically robust and incorporates heuristic understandings of rurality.Setting: Our Geographic Classification for Health (GCH) is developed for all of NZ.Participants: We examine the distribution of the entire NZ population across rurality classifications, and use the National Mortality Collection to examine previously masked rural-urban differences in mortality. Outcome measures: Unadjusted all-cause mortality rates and rural:urban incidence rate ratios (IRRs). Results: The GCH modifies key population and drive time thresholds in the generic rurality classifications, thereby identifying 19% of the NZ population as rural. Rural and urban all-cause mortality rates and associated rural:urban IRRs vary considerably depending on rurality classification. The GCH finds a rural mortality rate 21% higher than for urban areas.Conclusions: The GCH identifies a distinct rural population, and highlights rural-urban inequities that are masked by generic classifications.
Enlarged Left Atrium And Decreased Left Atrial Strain are Associated with Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Hyperthyroidism Irrespective of Conventional Risk Factors
Authors: Shin Dong Geum , Kang Min-Kyung , Han Donghoon , Choi Seonghoon , Cho Jung Rae , Lee Namho 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate factors associated with AF in patients with hyperthyroidism beyond heart failure (HF), coronary heart disease (CHD), or valvular diseases.Methods: A total of 136 patients (mean age, 52 ± 15 years; 86 [63%] female) who were diagnosed with hyperthyroidism for the first time were enrolled. Patients who had HF, CHD, or significant valvular diseases were excluded. Patients were classified into two groups according to the presence (group 1, n=40) and absence of AF (group 2, n=96). Results: AF occurred in 40 (29%) patients and 23 (58%) of these patients showed paroxysmal AF. Among the symptoms of hyperthyroidism, the most common chief complaint was palpitation (30%). Advanced age, presence of prior cerebrovascular events, and presence of palpitations were associated with AF. Larger left atrial volume index (LAVI), increased left ventricular mass index, and decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and S’ velocity were associated with AF. Among them, presence of palpitations and increased LAVI were independently associated with the occurrence of AF. In addition, strain analysis, decreased LA expansion index (EI), ejection fraction (EF), peak atrial longitudinal strain, contraction strain, and late diastolic strain rate (A sr) and systolic strain rate (S sr) were associated with the occurrence of AF and LAVI.Conclusion: Presence of palpitations and enlarged left atrium were associated with the occurrence of AF in patients with hyperthyroidism irrespective of conventional risk factors. Additional LA analysis revealed that decreased LA function was associated with AF and enlarged left atrium.
Visualizing an convergence of three mitochondrial molecule mRNAs for DRP1/MFN2/UCP4 on soma of cerebellar Purkinje cells by RNAscope
Authors: Liu Hui , Luo Tingting , Wu Feifei , Guo Baolin , Zhang Kunlong , Li Shujiao , Li Xiaodong , Wang Ruiqing , Chen Jinghao , Wang Lu , Yang Yanling , Wang Ya-Yun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We know little about how mitochondrial dynamic are regulated in the Purkinje cells. To explore it, we first set up a transgenic mice in which Purkinje cells expressed tdTomato in the cerebellum of Gad2-cre;ZsGreen-tdTomatofl/fl mice. Secondly Double stainings verified tdTomato cells were Calbinin (CB)-positive Purkinje cells, but not colocalized either with astrocyte marker GFAP or with microglia marker Iba1. Thirdly, application of RNAscope in situ hybridization with the identification of mRNAs of mitochondrial fusion (Mfn2), calcium transporter (Mcu and Nclx) and uncoupling proteins (Ucp2 and Ucp4) were used onto Purkinje cells for specific spatial analysis. The RNAscope assay used a semi‑quantitative H scoring guideline to evaluate the staining results. The number of bins ranges from 0–4 according to the ACD scoring system. Moreover, ACD scoring system was used to calculate the overall H scores of Dendritic Weighted Formula (DWF) and Soma Weighted Formula (SWF). Our data for the first time demonstrated that Mfn2 mRNAs expression was evident in Prukinje cells with the H scores of DWF and SWF as 60 and 139, respectively. And few Ucp4 mRNAs expression was present in dendritic shafts of Prukinje cells with the H scores of DWF and SWF as 14 and 103, respectively. It should be noted that Mcu mRNAs, Nclx mRNAs, as well as Ucp2 mRNAs expression were only scattered on both soma and dendrites in Prukinje cells with the low H scores of DWF and SWF. Double RNAscope profiling of mitochondrial molecules showed The data showed Mfn1 mRNAs are present only in the soma of the Purkinje cells, instead of processes. Double RNAscope showed almost none of dots of Drp1 mRNAs was co-localized with dots of Mcu mRNAs, as well as almost none of dots of Ucp2 mRNAs was co-localized with dots of Mfn2 mRNAs. All of these results show the mitochondrial Drp1/Mfn2/UCP4 convergence on the Purkinje cells. Finally, a major focus of present research will be to develop new and more specific molecules that tune the activity of the Purkinje cells activate or inactivate and to address diseases for which such druglike molecules may open therapeutic windows for Purkinje cells-related manipulation in the clinic. The molecular identification of drug targets, mechanism of action, and structural basis of their activity will crucially enable preclinical development.