bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge-intensive business services in time of crisis: the coronavirus pandemic
Authors: Miles Ian Douglas , Belousova Veronika , Chichkanov Nikolay , Krayushkina Zhaklin 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
Knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) firms focus on applying their expert knowledge to help solve the business problems of their clients: these clients confronted major new problems due to the COVID-19 pandemic and policy measures such as social distancing and travel restrictions, designed to reduce the rapid spread of the illness. Many KIBS were reliant upon extensive contact with clients, and within teams working on projects; they found their practices disrupted. This study aims to examine how KIBS are evolving to cope with both the sets of changes: those in their own operations, and those involving the emerging business problems of clients.

Design/methodology/approach
The main data sources are material contained in websites of a sample of leading firms in a range of KIBS sectors, and in media reports and other documentation of efforts to confront the pandemic.

Findings
The results indicate considerable efforts in KIBS to address emerging client problems, as well as to adapt their own practices. Their substantial role in confronting the pandemic and associated business difficulties has implications for future crises. KIBS are likely to be important players in shaping responses not only to future pandemics but also to the looming climate crisis.

Originality/value
The study demonstrates the growing role of KIBS and their “second knowledge infrastructure” in modern economies, exemplified by their role in the context of an emerging crisis.
Prediction of bursting strength of the nylon parachute fabrics
Authors: Raj Vijay Kirubakar , Devi Renuka 
Published: March 2021

PurposeParachutes are equipment that is repeatedly used as and when needed. Some of them are used for as many as 60 jumps. The property of the canopy fabric gets deteriorated with use. It is evaluated by destructive tensile and bursting strength. This study aims to focus on the nondestructive evaluation of the canopy fabric's fitness by testing air permeability and relating it with bursting strength. Predictor equations were developed to determine bursting strength from air permeability values.Design/methodology/approachANOVA techniques and statistical regression equations were formed.FindingsA series of samples containing five parachutes fabrics was used seven times, and their air permeability and bursting strength were determined to find the extent to the effect of reuse of parachute fabrics on their bursting strength and air permeability determination. It was found that there was a progressive drop in bursting strength and an increase in air permeability. An investigation of the extent of determination in terms of bursting strength and an increase in air permeability following the sense of five different types of parachute fabrics is reported.Research limitations/implicationsThe work focuses on the prediction of bursting strength to textile materials only and may not apply to other materials like membranes and sheets. The process of determining air permeability is relatively simpler and faster.Practical implicationsThe bursting strength can be predicted for used parachutes, which are otherwise subjected to destructive testing.Social implicationsThe men using the parachutes can be assured of the superior flawless performance of the parachute as equipment and also contribute to the saving of resources due to nondestructive testing, 100% evaluation of all parachutes is possible.Originality/valueThis article describes the nature of the test procedure and discusses the means of introducing it to users of parachutes. It is accepted that the method must undergo field evaluation and possible modification before it can become a routine tool of parachute using organizations.
Multisensory modalities increase working memory for mating signals in a treefrog
Authors: Zhu Bicheng , Zhou Ya , Yang Yue , Deng Ke , Wang Tongliang , Wang Jichao , Tang Yezhong , Ryan Michael J. , Cui Jianguo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Animal choruses, such as those found in insects and frogs, are often intermittent. Thus, females sampling males in the chorus might have to remember the location of the potential mates' calls during periods of silence. Although a number of studies have shown that frogs use and prefer multimodal mating signals, usually acoustic plus visual, it is not clear why they do so. Here we tested the hypothesis that preference for multimodal signals over unimodal signals might be due to multimodal signals instantiating longer memories than unimodal signals, particularly during the inter‐chorus intervals.

We tested this hypothesis in serrate‐legged small treefrogs Kurixalus odontotarsus whose males produce advertisement calls accompanied by conspicuous vocal sac inflation. Females were tested with acoustic and acoustic + visual (video of inflating‐deflating vocal sac) mating calls.

We found that females prefer multimodal calls over unimodal, audio‐only calls. Furthermore, multimodal calls are still preferred after a silent period of up to 30 s, a time that spans the average silent period of the chorus. This was not true of unimodal calls.

Our results demonstrate that a multimodal signal can engage longer working memory than a unimodal signal, and thus female memory might favour the evolution of multimodal signals in males through sexual selection. Selection might also favour female preference for multimodal signals if longer memory facilitates mate searching and assessment. Our study does not allow us to elucidate the sequence of evolution of this trait and preference.
An in‐vitro study of subretinal perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) droplets and the physics of their retention and evacuation
Authors: Chan Yau Kei , Laybourne James P. , Ng Chiu On , Saha Chinmoy , Yap Hazel Pik Yen , Chandra Aman , Steel David H. , Sandinha Maria T. , Wong David 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the physics associated with the retention and removal of subretinal perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL), as inspired by a series of anecdotal cases of spontaneous ‘disappearance’ of subretinal PFCL.MethodsThe profiles of subretinal PFCL in situ from published OCT images were studied and compared with that of PFCL droplets resting on a hydrophilic surface in vitro. A mathematical model based on Sampson’s and Poiseuille’s formula was developed to explain how evacuation of subretinal PFCL without aspiration could occur.ResultsThe mathematical model suggested that in vivo subretinal PFCL can completely evacuate in less than a second via a 41‐guage retinal hole. Perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) droplets in situ subretinally substantially varied in their aspect ratios (from 0.28 to 2.71) and their contact angles with the retinal pigment epithelium (from 98° to 155°). Conversely, PFCL in vitro had aspect ratios and contact angles close to 1 and 150° respectively.ConclusionThis study showed evidence that stretching of the retina to accommodate subretinal PFCL occurs, which might be responsible for the varied profile of the droplets and resultant forces that can cause retinal holes, and spontaneous evacuation of large PFCL droplets. By filling the vitreous cavity with PFCL, a small retinotomy alone might allow spontaneous evacuation without the need for aspiration.
The futures of cooperation in European governance: Brexit and the European knowledge policies
Authors: Veiga Amélia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper analyses the purposes of cooperation as they challenge the European governance of higher education. Using Brexit to analyse meanings of cooperation and conveying secondary data analysis of ten case studies undertaken in the framework of the exploratory research project titled Brexit and higher education in the UK and Europe: Towards a cross‐country investigation, this study identifies a plurality of meanings of cooperation. These meanings resonate within the scenarios of Europe 2025 traced by the European Commission. In the scenarios (1) nothing but the single market, (2) doing less more efficiently, (3) those who want more do more, the different meanings of cooperation put at risk the future of cooperation driven by academic values and beliefs at the core of the Europeanisation of knowledge policies. Ultimately, the paper underlines that cooperation as a driver of the internationalisation of higher education questions the role of national openness and/or closure in framing shared European interests and the value of international cooperation.
Stimulus value gates multisensory integration
Authors: Bean Naomi L. , Stein Barry E. , Rowland Benjamin A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe brain enhances its perceptual and behavioral decisions by integrating information from its multiple senses in what are believed to be optimal ways. This phenomenon of “multisensory integration” appears to be pre‐conscious, effortless, and highly efficient. The present experiments examined whether experience could modify this seemingly automatic process. Cats were trained in a localization task in which congruent pairs of auditory‐visual stimuli are normally integrated to enhance detection and orientation/approach performance. Consistent with the results of previous studies, animals more reliably detected and approached cross‐modal pairs than their modality‐specific component stimuli, regardless of whether the pairings were novel or familiar. However, when provided evidence that one of the modality‐specific component stimuli had no value (it was not rewarded) animals ceased integrating it with other cues, and it lost its previous ability to enhance approach behaviors. Cross‐modal pairings involving that stimulus failed to elicit enhanced responses even when the paired stimuli were congruent and mutually informative. However, the stimulus regained its ability to enhance responses when it was associated with reward. This suggests that experience can selectively block access of stimuli (i.e., filter inputs) to the multisensory computation. Because this filtering process results in the loss of useful information, its operation and behavioral consequences are not optimal. Nevertheless, the process can be of substantial value in natural environments, rich in dynamic stimuli, by using experience to minimize the impact of stimuli unlikely to be of biological significance, and reducing the complexity of the problem of matching signals across the senses.
The impact of agency failure on executive approval: Evidence from the Bush and Obama presidencies
Authors: Svensen Eric Paul 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOver the past few decades, scholars have developed a rich research record on the causes and consequences of low presidential approval ratings. While this literature has provided valuable insight on presidential approval, little attention is paid to how agency failures also impact approval. In this article, I argue this understudied topic can provide additional leverage to help understand when public trust in the president is eroded. Using Markov Regime switching models of weekly approval ratings for the Bush and Obama presidencies, I demonstrate approval falls when agency failures make national headlines. In addition, findings also show that the impact of these events hinge on the number of failures and not the magnitude of any one breakdown in particular.
2021 European guideline on HIV testing in genito‐urinary medicine settings
Authors: Gökengin D. , Wilson‐Davies E. , Nazlı Zeka A. , Palfreeman A. , Begovac J. , Dedes N. , Tarashenko O. , Stevanovic M. , Patel R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTesting for HIV is critical for early diagnosis of HIV infection, providing long‐term good health for the individual and prevention of onward transmission if antiretroviral treatment is initiated early. The main purpose of the 2021 European Guideline on HIV Testing in Genito‐Urinary Settings is to provide advice on testing for HIV infection in individuals aged 16 years and older who present to sexually transmitted infection, genito‐urinary or dermato‐venereology clinics across Europe. The guideline presents the details of best practice and offers practical guidance to clinicians and laboratories to identify and offer HIV testing to appropriate patient groups.
Experiments on creativity and work design
Authors: Rodet Cortney S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCreative jobs make up an increasingly large part of the economy. While contextual factors of work design have been shown to affect job performance in various settings, their impact on creative tasks is understudied. This study uses a controlled laboratory experiment to understand the impact of time constraints and goal setting on creativity. I find that reducing task constraints by making time constraints ambiguous increases the creativity of ideas without undermining their quantity, relative to the baseline. I also find that a nonbinding quantity‐oriented goal increases the quantity of ideas without reducing creative quality. Likewise, a nonbinding creativity‐oriented goal increases the creativity of ideas without decreasing the number of ideas. Results indicate that work design is an important factor when developing strategies for cultivating creativity, and managers have several tools at their disposal.
Rectum sizes: Assessment by ultrasonography in children with functional constipation
Authors: Pop Daniela , Tătar Simona , Fufezan Otilia , Farcău Dorin 
Published: March 2021

AimThis study aimed to compare the transverse diameter and thickness of the anterior wall of the rectum in children with normal bowel movement and children with functional constipation in different age groups. Another objective was to find correlations of rectum sizes with faecal incontinence and constipation duration.MethodsIn the study, we included children with normal bowel movement and functional constipation diagnosed based on the Rome III and Rome IV criteria. We collected clinical data from the parents. We measured the rectum transverse diameter and the thickness of the anterior wall by abdominal ultrasound.ResultsThe study included 65 children, 31 with normal bowel movement and 34 with functional constipation. The rectum transverse diameter and the thickness of the anterior wall had statistically significant higher values in patients with constipation (P < 0.05). There was a moderate and significant correlation between the duration of the disease (mean ± standard deviation = 31.7 ± 33.1 months) and rectum transverse diameter (r = 0.54; P = 0.0009). The rectum transverse diameter correlated moderately with the presence of faecal incontinence (r = 0.62; P = 0.003), but the thickness of the anterior wall did not correlate with this symptom (r = 0.02; P = 0.39).ConclusionsWe found statistically significant differences between the transverse rectal diameter and thickness of the rectum anterior wall, measured by abdominal ultrasound, in children with functional constipation compared with normal defaecation patterns. Faecal incontinence and long‐term constipation were correlated with the increased rectum diameter.
Disentangling by additive partitioning the effects of invasive species on the functional structure of communities
Authors: Guido Anaclara , Blanco Carolina C. , Pillar Valério D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractQuestionsEragrostis plana is the most invasive species in grasslands of southern Brazil. We ask how it affects the functional structure of communities considering leaf traits related to forage palatability for grazers. As consensus is lacking about whether to include or omit the invasive species in the analysis, we propose a method for partitioning functional diversity (FD) and community‐weighted means (CWMs) of invaded communities into invasive and resident species as additive components.LocationSouthern Brazil.MethodsPermanent plots were located on a natural grassland that was partially invaded by E. plana. Invader removal was performed by four different treatments (n = 10): (a) no removal, (b) clipping, (c) herbicide, and (d) hand‐pulling. Additionally, we located plots (n = 10) (e) in an adjacent non‐invaded patch. With data from annual vegetation surveys and leaf traits (mass per area, LMA; dry matter content, LDMC; and force to tear [toughness], Ft), we assessed temporal changes (2012–2016) in FD and CWMs, partitioned into resident and invasive components. Partitioning was based on 0 or 1 weights attributed to invasive and resident species. Temporal trajectories of communities by fuzzy‐weighted species composition were also evaluated.ResultsInvasion modified the resident community in terms of CWMs of LDMC and Ft and fuzzy‐weighted composition, but FD was not affected. Resident species of invaded plots contributed less to CWM values of LDMC and Ft than non‐invaded communities. However, E. plana´s higher values of Ft increased the total community toughness. Removals of the invasive were not enough to make the functional structure of resident communities similar to that of non‐invaded ones.ConclusionsSpecies loss associated to invasion is not random, as E. plana displaces species with higher contribution to CWM of LDMC and Ft. The contribution of invasives to the total community increases toughness, decreasing the forage palatability of invaded grasslands. Our partition method helps to disentangle the additive components of such effects on resident and invasive species.
Paced or sensed conduction time to determine programming with cardiac resynchronization therapy: The PASED‐CRT Trial
Authors: Corbisiero Raffaele , Schmidt JoEllen , Muller David , Sookhu Sanjay , Shah Meet , Ochman Alexander , Kazemain Pedram 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundCardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is a well‐established treatment for patients with drug refractory heart failure.ObjectivesThis study sought to compare the longest RVsense to LVsense activation time (sLAT) versus the longest RVpace to LVsense activation time (pLAT) as the programmed site for left ventricular (LV) pacing in CRT patients with quadripolar LV leads at 3 months.MethodsThis single site, double‐blinded, prospective trial, randomized patients 1:1 into the sLAT or pLAT group to determine response. LV pacing was programmed at implant and maintained through 3 months of follow‐up. The 6‐minute hall walk (6MHW) test, NYHA, Minnesota living with heart failure, and clinical composite score (CCS) at the 3 months was compared.ResultsN = 92 patients (73M:19F age 66 ± 11.3 years) were randomized implanted and programmed per protocol. Baseline characteristics were comparable. N = 39 sLAT and N = 34 pLAT completed the 3‐month visit for final analysis. Significant improvement from baseline to 3 months was seen in the sLAT group from 253.9 (+/−11.5) to 323.1 (+/−11.9) P = .001. Similarly, the pLAT group improved from 274.9 (+/−16.15) to 343.9 (+/−15.9) P = .003. The difference between these groups, however, did not reach significance (P = .86). The pLAT group demonstrated a higher responder rate of (71%) versus the sLAT group (64%) based on the CCS although not reaching significance (P = .56).ConclusionsUse of both the pLAT and sLAT method of programming demonstrated significant improvement in 6MHW distance at 3 months with pLAT demonstrating a slightly higher responder rate based on CCS (P = .56). pLAT should be considered at minimum as equivalent in patients with no intrinsic conduction.
Adverse psychosocial factors in pregnancy and preterm delivery
Authors: Haviland Miriam J. , Nillni Yael I. , Cabral Howard J. , Fox Matthew P. , Wise Lauren A. , Burris Heather H. , Hacker Michele R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundMental health symptoms, stress, and low psychosocial resources are associated with preterm delivery. It is unknown if there are groups of women who experience similar patterns of these adverse psychosocial factors during pregnancy and if the risk of preterm delivery differs among these groups.ObjectiveTo identify groups of women with similar patterns of adverse psychosocial factors during pregnancy and determine whether the risk of preterm delivery differs among these groups.MethodsSpontaneous Prematurity and Epigenetics of the Cervix (SPEC) is a prospective cohort study of pregnant women, aged 18 and older. In this analysis, we included women who enrolled after 24 August 2014 and delivered by 20 January 2019. As women could enrol more than once, our cohort included 774 women with 787 pregnancies. We conducted a latent class analysis to identify groups of women with similar patterns of adverse psychosocial factors during pregnancy based on their responses to measures assessing depression, perceived stress, anxiety (pregnancy‐related and generalised), stressful life events, resilience, and social support (partner and friend/family). After identifying the latent classes, we used log‐binomial regression to compare the incidence of preterm delivery among the classes.ResultsThe median age among participants was 33.2 years (interquartile range 30.3‐36.3), and the majority were non‐Hispanic white (56.9%). We identified three classes of adverse psychosocial factors (few, some, and many factors). In total, 63 (8.0%) pregnancies resulted in a preterm delivery. Compared to participants with few factors, the risk of preterm delivery was no different among participants with some (RR 1.23, 95% CI 0.68, 2.25) and many adverse factors (RR 1.62, 95% CI 0.73, 3.62).ConclusionsWe identified three groups of pregnant women with similar patterns of adverse psychosocial factors. We did not observe a difference in the risk of preterm delivery among the classes.
Optimal Model-Based Decomposition of Powertrain System Design
Authors: Michelena Nestor F. , Papalambros Panos Y. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Optimal design of large engineering systems modeled as nonlinear programming problems remains a challenge because increased size reduces reliability and speed of numerical optimization algorithms. Decomposition of the original model into smaller coordinated submodels is desirable or even necessary. The article presents a methodology for optimal model-based decomposition of design problems, whether or not initially cast as optimization models. The overall model is represented by a hypergraph and is optimally partitioned into weakly-connected subgraphs that satisfy partitioning constraints. The formulation is robust enough to account for computational demands and resources, and the strength of interdependencies between the simulation modules contained in the model. This decomposition methodology is applied to a vehicle powertrain system design model comprising of engine, torque converter, transmission, and wheel-tire assembly, with 87 design relations and 119 design and state variables.
The Use of Activity-Based Costing, Uncertainty, and Disassembly Action Charts in Demanufacture Cost Assessments
Authors: Bras Bert , Emblemsvåg Jan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the development of an Activity-based Cost (ABC) model is presented for use in design for demanufacture under the presence of uncertainty. Demanufacture is defined as the process opposite to manufacturing involved in recycling materials and product components after a product has been taken back by a company. The crux in developing an ABC model is to identify the activities that will be present in the demanufacturing process of a product, and afterwards assign reliable cost drivers and associated consumption intensities to the activities. Uncertainty distributions are assigned to the numbers used in the calculations, representing the inherent uncertainty in the model. The effect of the uncertainty on the cost and model behavior are found by employing a numerical simulation technique — the Monte Carlo simulation technique. The additional use of disassembly action charts allows the influence of the uncertainty to be traced through the cost model to specific demanufacture process and product design parameters.