bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theranostic Nanoplatform to Target Macrophages Enables the Inhibition of Atherosclerosis Progression and Fluorescence Imaging of Plaque
Authors: Wang Qi , Wang Yong , Liu Siwen , Sha Xuan , Song Xiaoxi , Dai Yue , Zhao Mingming , Cai Lulu , Xu Kai , Li Jingjing 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Rupture of atherosclerotic plaque can cause acute malignant heart and cerebrovascular events, such as acute coronary heart disease, stroke and so on, which seriously threaten the safety of human life and property. Therefore, the early diagnosis and inhibition of atherosclerotic plaque progress still be a vital task. Results: In this study, we presented the development of composite mesoporous silica nanoparticle (CMSN) - based nanomedicines (NMs) (Ru(bpy)3@SiO2-mSiO2@SRT1720@ AntiCD36, CMSN@SRT@Anti) for accurate diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis. In vitro cell experiments showed that both RAW264.7 and ox-LDL-stimulated RAW264.7 cells could significantly uptake CMSN@SRT@Anti. Conversely, little fluorescence signal could be observed in CMSN@SRT group, showing the excellent targeting ability of CMSN@SRT@Anti to CD36 on macrophage. Additionally, such fluorescence signal was significantly stronger in ox-LDL-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, showing the ox-LDL can promote the upregulation of CD36 expression on macrophages to produce a stronger binding signal. For another, compared with free SRT1720, CMSN@SRT@Anti had a better and more significant effect on the inhibition of macrophage foaming process, which indicated that drug-carrying mesoporous silicon with targeting ability could enhance the efficacy of SRT1720. Animal experimental results showed that after the abdominal injection of CMSN@SRT@Anti, the aortic lesions of ApoE-/-mice could be observed with obvious and persistent fluorescence signals. After 4 weeks post- treatment, the serum total cholesterol, aortic plaque status and area were significantly improved in the mouse, and the effect was better than that in the free SRT1720 group or the CMSN@SRT group. Conclusions: The designed CMSN@SRT@Anti with excellent biocompatibility, high-performance and superior atherosclerosis-targeting ability has great potential for accurate identification and targeted therapy of atherosclerotic diseases.
Research on Slicing Chip Forming and Wear Analysis of Arc-tooth Slice Tool With Equal-rake Angle
Authors: Wu Xiaoqiang , JIN YONGQUAN 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
As a new technology of gear processing, the gear slicing technology has distinct characteristics and broad application prospects. However, the lack in wear and life of the slice tool hinders the further widespread application of the gear slicing technology. Considering the chip forming mechanism is an important basis affecting the wear and service life of the cutter, this paper takes the arc-tooth slice tool with equal-rake angle (ATST-ERA) as the carrier and studies the chip forming and tool wear. Aiming at the particularity of the slicing process, the cutting process is unified and abstracted, and the cutting edge model, the cutting edge race model and the workpiece tooth surface model of the ATST-ERA are established, and then the undeformed chip geometry model is obtained. The correctness of the parametric model of the undeformed chip was verified by comparative analysis. Based on this model, the load of the cutting edge is calculated using the Kienzle empirical formula of the cutting force. By analyzing the relationship with the wear of the rake face, the positive correlation between the cutting edge load and the rake face wear of the ATST-ERA is found. The chip forming modeling method proposed in this paper provides a theoretical basis for the control of the slicing chip forming and the improvement of tool wear.
Cycling Kinematics in Healthy Adults for Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Guidance
Authors: Yum Haeun , Kim Hyang , Lee Taeyong , Park Moon Seok , Lee Seung Yeol 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Stationary cycling is commonly used for postoperative rehabilitation of physical disabilities, but few studies have focused on the three-dimensional (3D) kinematics of rehabilitation. This study aimed to elucidate the three-dimensional lower limb kinematics of musculoskeletally healthy people and the effect of sex and age on kinematics using a controlled bicycle configuration.Methods: Thirty-one healthy adults participated in the study. The stationary cycle positioning was standardized using the LeMond method by setting the saddle height to 85.5% of the participant’s inseam. The participants maintained a pedaling rate of 10–12 km/h, and the average value of three successive cycles of the right leg was used for analysis. The pelvis, hip, knee, and ankle joint motions during cycling were evaluated in the sagittal, coronal, and transverse planes. Kinematic data were normalized to 0–100% of the cycling cycle. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and k-fold cross-validation were used to analyze the data.Results: In the sagittal plane, the cycling ranges of motion (ROMs) were 1.6° (pelvis), 43.9° (hip), 75.2° (knee), and 26.9° (ankle). The coronal plane movement was observed in all joints, and the specific ROMs were 6.6° (knee) and 5.8° (ankle). There was significant internal and external rotation of the hip (ROM: 11.6°), knee (ROM: 6.6°), and ankle (ROM: 10.3°) during cycling. There was no difference in kinematic data of the pelvis, hip, knee, and ankle between sexes (p = 0.12 to 0.95) and among ages (p = 0.11 to 0.96) in all anatomical planes.Conclusions: The kinematic results support the assertion that cycling is highly recommended for comprehensive musculoskeletal rehabilitation. These results may help clinicians choose a target recovery ROM based on healthy and non-elite individuals and issue suitable guidelines to patients.
Energy Management Optimization Based on Aging Adaptive Functional State Model of Battery For Intelligent Vehicles Driven by Internal Combustion Engine
Authors: Kong Weiwei , Luo Yugong , Lian Xiaomin , Jiang Fachao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
With the development of intelligent vehicles, increasing number of electronic and electrical devices are applied in vehicles, the necessary power is surging, battery protection is increasingly required, and higher demands are made for energy management. Most previous studies on battery characteristics have only focused on the battery itself, which is chemical characteristics. Further considering battery’s actual operating conditions on vehicles, battery’s functional characteristics are proposed and studied in this paper. Aging adaptive functional state model of battery for internal combustion engine vehicles is proposed, comprehensively revealing the operating characteristics covering the battery full life cycle. Thereafter, based on the model, a battery protection scheme is developed, including over-discharge and graded over-current protection to achieve comprehensive battery protection. Furthermore, a model-based energy management strategy is presented to achieve integrated optimization of fuel economy, battery protection, and vehicle power performance. Finally, tests are performed on the vehicle and test bench to verify the validity and feasibility of the proposed model and management scheme. Results reveal that the model can reflect battery’s functional features, over-current protection and over-discharge protection of the battery are achieved, and the vehicle start-up capability is secured. The proposed energy management strategy can effectively improve fuel economy.
On the Importance of Being Heterozygote – Effects of Rh-Genotype on the Physical and Mental Health of a Non-Clinical Population
Authors: Flegr Jaroslav , Příplatová Lenka , Hlaváčová Jana , Šebánková Blanka , Žďárský Emanuel , Kaňková Šárka 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Human populations, especially European, are polymorphic in the RHD gene. A significant fraction of their members carries two copies of a mutated (deleted) allele, which results in their Rh-negative blood type. Theoretically, this polymorphism should be unstable. Carriers of the less frequent allele are penalized by reduced fertility because of the immunization of Rh-negative mothers by their Rh-positive babies, which results in hemolytic disease of newborns in their subsequent progeny. For about 90 years, some form of balancing selection has been suspected to sustain this polymorphism. Several recent studies showed that the Rh-positive heterozygotes express higher viability than both types of homozygotes. However, the genotype of subjects in these studies was estimated only by indirect methods. Here we compared the physical and mental health of 178 women and 86 men who were directly tested for their Rh genotype. The results showed that Rh-positive homozygotic women had worse and Rh-positive homozygotic men better physical health than Rh-negative homozygotes; the difference between Rh-negative homozygotes and heterozygotes was not significant. Our results confirmed that health of Rh-positive heterozygotes and homozygotes differ. Therefore, any result of the comparison of subjects with Rh-positive and Rh-negative phenotype depends on the heterozygote-to-homozygote ratio in the Rh-positive sample. It is, therefore, crucial to analyze the effects of Rh-genotypes, not phenotypes in future studies.
Effects of Early-Life Exposure to Topsoil on the Muscle Fiber Characteristics and Gene Expression of Weaned Piglets
Authors: Wang Yongjie , Tsai Tsung Cheng , Morse Palika , Zhang Shilei , Maxwell Charles , Zhao Jiangchao , Huang Yan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: The objective of this experiment was to investigate the influence of early exposure to topsoil on the muscle fiber characteristics and transcription related myogenesis, intramuscular fat metabolism, muscle fiber types, and mTOR signaling pathway of weaned pigs.Methods: A Total of 180 piglets were separately assigned to No soil, Antibacterial soil, and Normal soil group (each group, n=60), and were fed ad libitum with common antibiotic-free corn-soybean meal diets until day-31. Ten pigs from each group with similar body weight were selected to be slaughtered, and the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle samples were collected for histological analysis and measurements of genes and proteins expression levels.Result: In the present study, the muscle fiber diameter and the area of Normal soil and Antibacterial soil group were significantly higher than No soil group (P < 0.05). The Normal soil significantly upregulated the gene expression of MyoG compared to No soil and Antibacterial soil groups (P < 0.05). The gene expression of CD36 and CPT-1 of Normal soil group was significantly lower than No soil group (P < 0.05), while HSL expression of Normal soil group was significantly higher than Antibacterial and No soil groups (P < 0.05). The MyHC I of Normal soil group was significantly higher than No soil group (P < 0.05), but the expression MyHC IIa was lower than No soil group (P < 0.05). The protein expression expressed the similar result with gene expression. In addition, the Normal soil significantly increased the AMPK and mTOR phosphorylation compared to No soil and Antibacterial soil groups (P < 0.05).Conclusion: These data suggest that early exposure to topsoil regulates the muscle fiber growth, modulates the expression pattern related to myogenesis, muscle fiber type, intramuscular fat metabolism, and increases the phosphorylation of mTOR and AMPK pathways.
Radiomics-Based Distinction of s-HCC and Precancerous Lesion Based on Precontrast MRI
Authors: Luo JiaWen , Guo Kun , Gao XiaoNing , Liu Hao , Xiang Yue , Ding Jia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: To assess the feasibility of radiomics based on precontrast MRI for the distinguish of s-HCC and pre-HCC.Method: We retrospectively analyzed 146 nodules from 78 patients, with pathological confirmed. Each nodule was segment on precontrast MRI sequence(TIWI and fat-suppression T2WI), retrospectively. 1223radiomics features were extracted and the optimal 10 features were selected by LASSO to establish the logistic regression radiomics model. Result: The AUC, sensitivity and specificity of the training group and test group were 0.757 (95% CI 0.638 -0.853), 83.02% , 66.67% and 0.789 (95% CI 0.643-0.895), 88.89% and 80.00%, respectively. The AUC, sensitivity and specificity of the training group and test group were 0.903 (95% CI 0.807-0.962), 86.79% , 86.67% and 0.778 (95% CI 0.632-0.887), 75.00%, 80.00%, respectively. Delong test has proved that, the diagnositic performances of radiomics model based on T2WI were higher than that of radiomics model based on T1WI (p = 0.0379).Conclusion: Radiomics model can classify s-HCC and pre-HCC based on precontrast MRI. And may serve as an adjunct tool for accurate diagnosis of s-HCC.
Distribution of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in leaf cuticular waxes and leaf tissues of plants
Authors: Shen Guo-Ming , Shang Hong-Qin , Chen Zhi-Wei , Lu Yu , Zhang Ming , Wang Yi-Lei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) as plasticizer is widely used in the modern plastic manufacturing industry, DEHP and its breakdown products have been identified as a global environmental contaminant. Vegetables and crops which are the energy sources of human beings are often expose to DEHP, which enriched in humans through the food chain, resulting in many diseases. The content distribution of DEHP in leaf cuticular waxes and tissues of 14 plants including vegetables and crops, and in various parts of cells of 4 plants were investigated by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectromete (GC-MS). The results show the stronger the DEHP uptake ability of the plant the less ratio of DEHP in leaf cuticular wax occupying the total DEHP in the leaves of the plant. DEHP in atmosphere is adsorbed by leaf cuticular wax or stoma, then transfer to inner tissues through cell wall. Interestingly, we found that the leaf cuticular wax and cell wall of plants are possible barriers to uptake of DEHP for the plants possessing lower DEHP uptake ability. Our results will provide some information for further study on the mechanism of DEHP uptake by plants.
Triglyceride/High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio is associated with the mortality of COVID-19: An Observational Study
Authors: Peng Fei , Wu Shangjie , Lei Si , Zhang Quan , Zhong Yanjun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
(1) Background: Triglyceride to high density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-c) ratio is crucial when researching metabolic and vascular diseases, and its involvement in COVID-19 was sparsely elaborated on. The purpose of the study was to explore if there were any associations between the TG/HDL-c ratio and COVID-19 prognosis; (2) Methods: A total of 262 COVID-19 patients were retrospectively investigated. The clinical features and baseline hematological parameters were recorded and analyzed; (3) Results: Compared with the survivors, the non-survivors of COVID-19 had significantly higher levels of white blood cells (4.7 vs. 13.0 ×109/L; P < 0.001), neutrophils (3.0 vs. 11.6×109/L; P < 0.001), C-reactive proteins (15.7 vs. 76.7 mg/L; P < 0.001) and TG/HDL-c ratio (1.4 vs. 2.5; P = 0.001). The receiver operating characteristics curve [area under the curve, 0.731; 95% confidence interval, 0.609–0.853; P = 0.001] suggested that the TG/HDL-c ratio could predict the mortality of COVID-19. Moreover, the TG/HDL-c ratio was positively correlated with white blood cells (r = 0.255, P < 0.001), neutrophils (r = 0.243, P < 0.001) and C-reactive proteins (r = 0.170, P < 0.006); (4) Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that TG/HDL-c ratio may potentially be a predictive marker for mortality in COVID-19 patients.
A Hybrid Parallel Harris Hawks Optimization Algorithm for Reusable Launch Vehicle Reentry Trajectory Optimization With No-fly Zones
Authors: Su Ya , Dai Ying , Liu Yi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Reentry trajectory optimization is a critical optimal control problem for reusable launch vehicle (RLV) with highly nonlinear dynamic characteristics and complex constraints. In this paper, a hybrid parallel harris hawks optimization (HPHHO) algorithm is proposed to address the problem. HPHHO aims to enhance the performance of existing harris hawks optimization (HHO) algorithm by three strategies including oppositional learning, smoothing technique and parallel optimization mechanism. At the beginning of each iteration, the opposite population is calculated from the current population by the oppositional learning strategy. Following that, the individuals in the two populations are arranged in ascending order on the basis of the fitness function values, and the top half of the resulting population is selected as the initial population. The selected initial population is divided into two equal subpopulations which are assigned to the differential evolution and the HHO algorithm, respectively. The both algorithms operate in parallel to search and update the solutions of each subpopulation simultaneously. Then the solutions are smoothed for each iteration by the smoothing technique to reduce fluctuations. As a result, the optimal solution obtained by the parallel optimization mechanism avoids falling into local optima. The performance of HPHHO is evaluated by 4 CEC 2005 benchmark functions and 3 constrained continuous optimal control problems, showing better efficiency and robustness in terms of performance metrics, convergence rate and stability. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is very effective, practical and feasible in solving the RLV reentry trajectory optimization problem.
Fc-engineered antibody therapeutics with improved efficacy against COVID-19
Authors: Ravetch Jeffrey , Yamin Rachel , Jones Andrew , Hoffmann Hans-Heinrich , Kao Kevin , Francis Rebecca , Sheahan Timothy , Baric Ralph , Rice Charles , Bournazos Stylianos 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 have demonstrated clinical benefit in cases of mild to moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection, substantially reducing the risk for hospitalization and severe disease1-4. Treatment generally requires the administration of high doses of these mAbs with limited efficacy in preventing disease complications or mortality among hospitalized COVID-19 patients5. Here we report the development and evaluation of Fc-optimized anti-SARS-CoV-2 mAbs with superior potency to prevent or treat COVID-19 disease. In several animal models of COVID-19 disease6,7, we demonstrate that selective engagement of activating FcγRs results in improved efficacy in both preventing and treating disease-induced weight loss and mortality, significantly reducing the dose required to confer full protection upon SARS-CoV-2 challenge and treatment of pre-infected animals. Our results highlight the importance of FcγR pathways in driving antibody-mediated antiviral immunity, while excluding any pathogenic or disease-enhancing effects of FcγR engagement of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies upon infection. These findings have important implications for the development of Fc-engineered mAbs with optimal Fc effector function and improved clinical efficacy against COVID-19 disease.
Eristalis (Diptera: Syrphidae) Flower Flies are Potential Non-host Vectors of the Common Trypanosome Bee Parasite, Crithidia Bombi
Authors: Davis Abby E. , Deutsch Kaitlin R. , Torres Alondra M. , Loya Mesly J. Mata , Cody Lauren , Harte Emma , Sossa David , Muñiz Paige A. , Ng Wee Hao , McArt Scott H. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Flowers can be transmission platforms for parasites that impact bee health, yet bees share floral resources with other pollinator taxa, such as flies, that could be hosts or non-host vectors (i.e., mechanical vectors) of parasites. Here, we assessed whether the fecal-orally transmitted gut parasite of bees, Crithidia bombi, can infect Eristalis tenax flower flies. We also investigated the potential for two confirmed solitary bee hosts of C. bombi, Osmia lignaria and Megachile rotundata, as well as two flower fly species, Eristalis arbustorum and E. tenax, to transmit the parasite at flowers. We found that C. bombi did not replicate (i.e., cause an active infection) in E. tenax flies. However, 93% of inoculated flies defecated live C. bombi in their first fecal event, and all contaminated fecal events contained C. bombi at concentrations sufficient to infect bumble bees. Flies and bees defecated inside the corolla (flower) more frequently than other plant locations, and flies defecated at volumes comparable to or greater than bees. Our results demonstrate that Eristalis flower flies are not hosts of C. bombi, but they may be mechanical vectors of this parasite at flowers. Thus, flower flies may amplify or dilute C. bombi in bee communities.
Failed implementation of mobile access to electronic health records in homecare: a qualitative study
Authors: Hagstedt Lovisa Jäderlund , Hvitfeldt Helena , Hägglund Maria 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUNDDigitalization could optimize healthcare; however, many eHealth projects are unsuccessful. By analyzing reasons for unsuccessful eHealth implementation, we could gain important knowledge on how to achieve successful digitalization in primary care and homecare.The aim of this study is to describe the implementation process of a tablet computer with an mHealth app that provides mobile access to the electronic health record (EHR) in homecare in order to understand reasons for unsuccessful implementations of mHealth interventions, as well as potential success factors.METHODSA tablet computer with mobile access to the EHR was implemented in 4 primary care centers and one municipality home care organization in Sweden. Focus groups, interviews and observations were used to evaluate how the implementation affects the work of the healthcare professionals. Qualitative content analysis informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research was used to analyze the implementation process and interpret the results.RESULTSThe implementation of the eHealth application was unsuccessful, mainly because the application did not fully support the users’ needs, but also due to immature technology and unstable infrastructure. Outcome of the intervention was dependent on context and user engagement. Users who had been involved in the development were more positive, despite missing functions, whereas those who had not been involved struggled to adopt the mobile tool. Development of the mHealth app and the subsequent implementation process was lengthy which affected user engagement negatively. The implementation process was insufficient and use of the application was affected by poor readiness for implementation. Users perceived lack of leadership engagement and questioned available resources dedicated to the implementation, in terms of resources and training.CONCLUSIONSThe functionality of mHealth must support users’ needs, be sufficiently integrated with existing eHealth ecosystems, and all aspects of the implementation process must be met to ensure success. Premature implementations may cause change fatigue and become a barrier for future implementation projects. In order to achieve the potential of mHealth, we have to ensure that sufficient resources are allocated to design and development, evaluation and feasibility studies and support and engagement during the implementation of mHealth in the future.