bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of Murashige and Skoog (MS) and Growmore fertilizer media composition on growth of Ambon banana plants in vitro
Authors: Utomo A R , Nandariyah  , Yunus A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Efforts to propagate banana seeds with good quality on a large scale can be pursued through tissue culture techniques. In tissue culture often uses Murashige and Skoog (MS) media but these media are difficult to obtain. Growmore is a leaf fertilizer that has the potential to replace MS media because it has a complete nutrient content. This study aims to obtain the most effective composition of MS media and Growmore fertilizer for the growth of ambon banana shoots in vitro. The study was conducted at the Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Sebelas Maret University using a completely randomized design pattern (CRD) with a single factor divided into 5 levels with 6 replications. Variables observed include the time of buds, number of shoots, plant height, time of leaves, number of leaves, time of roots, number of roots, root length. The results showed the composition of 25% MS + 75% Growmore gave the highest results on the number of shoots, the composition of 50% MS + 50% gave the best results on plantlet height, number of leaves, and number of roots.
Selection of M3 genotype short stem results of ray gamma 250 gray in Mentik Wangi rice
Authors: Putranto B S , Parjanto  , Yunus A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This study aims to determine the performance of Mentik Wangi rice at M3 generation mutant rice and select the M3 generation mutant plants as a result of 250 gray gamma irradiation which has short stems with high productivity. The research was carried out by planting 70 M2 lines of 250 gray gamma irradiation and control plants. The variables observed were plant height, total number of tillers, number of productive tillers, flowering age, harvest age, panicle length, number of seeds per panicle, panicle bush thickness index, weight of 100 seeds, weight of seeds per clump. Following observation, data were analyzed descriptively and statistically compared using t-test to determine the difference of M3 generation of fragrant Mentik rice from 250 gray gamma irradiation with control plants (without irradiation). There are 24 individual selected lines of M3 generation of fragrant Mentik Wangi mutants from 250 Gy gamma ray radiation which have a short stem character and have higher productivity than control plants.
Optimization of crop-livestock integration between paddy and beef cattle to achieve input efficiency
Authors: Purnomo S H , Emawati S , Sari A I , Rahayu E T 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This research aims to investigate profiles resource farmers who have for implementing the integration of farming the crop-livestock and analyze the right resources allocation applied to farmers to obtain the optimal revenue. The research was implemented at the Mojogedang Subdistrict, Karanganyar Regency. Design research using the survey method. In purposive sampling method sampling by the number of 35 respondents who are members of the beef cattle farmers group. Data analysis is a descriptive analysis, analysis of cost and income of farming-livestock, as well as data analysis Linear Programming. The results show that the value of total receipts that exceed the total costs (TR > TC) and effort assessed beneficial because R/C ratio > 1. Based on the results of the analysis note that R/C Ratio of the beef cattle business and farming paddy business was 1.08 and 1.36. The results of optimizing the use of labor resources at a surplus value of 6.34 means that labor resources at the respondent farmer level have excessive status and have not been fully utilized. Conclusion on the research is the integration between paddy and beef cattle can be applied in the subdistrict of Mojogedang, Karanganyar regency.
Methionine supplementation to quails diet improves egg weight consistency
Authors: Masykur A , Prastowo S , Widyas N , Ratriyanto A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Methionine is an essential amino acid which plays important roles in metabolism. Methionine sufficiency is expressed in the animals’ performance. This research aimed to study the effect of methionine supplementation on the consistency of quail’ egg weight. There were three treatments groups with five replicates of 15 birds each as follows: D0 (control), D1 (control + 0.06% methionine) and D2 (control + 0.12% methionine). The egg weight data were collected for two periods of 28 days (2 × 28 days) started from when the egg productions reached 50% (63 days of age). The D1 and D2 yielded heavier egg than D0 (P<0.01). The data were split and averaged into eight weeks and were divided into two subsets: the consistency of the first period (1st–4th week) and second period (5th–8th week). Intraclass correlation was used as the measure of egg weight consistency. Result showed that intraclass correlation of D0, D1 and D2 in the first period were 0.29, 0.79 and 0.63 respectively; whereas in the second period were -0.11, 0.54 and 0.08 respectively. Intraclass correlation of D1 and D2 were higher than D0. Finally, methionine supplementation in the quail’ diet consistently increases egg weight.
Efficacy and safety in consuming python bile: a literature study
Authors: Zulkarnain Z , Sholikhah I Y M , Dewi T F 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn Indonesia, consuming python bile is quite popular to treat various health conditions, such as respiratory disorders, fever, aches, and increase immunity. However, scientific study as a basis for the use in this modern era still limited. This research is a literature study to determine the efficacy and safety of python bile consumption. Literature search was conducted in June 2020. Appropriate keywords were put in Google search engine, Google Scholar and PubMed. The results showed pythons bile have the main content of bile acids and bile salts type Tauropythocholate (TPC), Taurocholate (TC), Taurodeoxycholate (TDC) that could inhibit bacteria growths. Other compounds are protein and antioxidants. Consumption of python’s bile can provide benefits like bile function itself, namely elimination of toxins, increase the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and cholesterol. Pythons bile can be a source of bacteria and parasites transmission. High doses (>2 biles) and long term use are not recommended since the potential damage of liver and kidneys. Python bile has the potential for efficacy in accordance with its empirical claims. The consumption of healthy snake bile, in accordance with the dosage and not often is quite safe. This finding must still be strengthened with experimental study.
Selection of mutant short stem M5 from 200 Gy gamma ray irradiation on Mentik Susu rice
Authors: Nugroho F , Purwanto E , Yunus A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Mentik Susu rice is one of Indonesian local rice variety that is less attractive to farmers because of its high stems and low yield. One method of using physical mutagen is gamma ray radiation. The purpose of this research is observing the performance of mutated M5 generation of mentik susu rice which already irradiated with 200 Gy gamma ray and selecting the short-stemmed ones which have high productivity. The research was conducted in Novermber 2018-April 2019 on Palur Village, Mojolaban, Sukoharjo Regency. The experiment was done by planting 35 individual M5 and control seeds. The variables observed were plant height, harvest age, number of productive tillers, panicle intensity index, seed yield per plant. Data were analyzed descriptively and compared the performance of mentik susu rice M5 with control via T test analysis. The results showed that there was a difference in the performance of the M5 mutants of mentik susu rice as result of 200 Gy gamma ray irradiation compared to control mentik susu rice. There are 22 selected mutant plant individuals in the M-MS2-G15T3-5-2(18,25,16,8)strains; M-MS2-G15T3-4-15(10)strains; M-MS2-G15T3-2-5(56,18,9)strains; M-MS2-G18T7-4-4(11)strains; M-MS2-G18T7-4-12(15,13,18)strains; M-MS2-G17T17-13-9(23,21,29)strains; M-MS2-G18T7-4-9(17,12)strains; M-MS2-G15T3-2-18(35)strains; M-MS2-G15T3-2-14(28,61,36)strains; and M-MS2-G18T3-6-13(35)strains.
Land suitability evaluation of crops that form agroforestry in tanralili district maros regency
Authors: Haris A O , Zubair H , Syaiful S A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In Maros Regency, especially Tanralili District, some people do not only farm on paddy fields, but also on land planted with trees, such as gardens in the yard, commonly called agroforestry. This study aims to decided land suitability classes for agricultural and forestry, and analyze limiting factors in developing agroforestry in Tanralili District. The methods used in this study were land survey, soil sampling, laboratory analysis, and matching methods to evaluate land capacity and land suitability for peanut and sengon in 10 land units from work maps. The results of this study show that land capability classes in Tanralili that can be pursued for agroforestry systes are class III and IV, with limiting factors such as slopes, erosion, rocks, soil texture, and rooting condition in sub-class III, and drainage factor in sub-class IV. The actual land suitability class for Peanut is S3 (marginally suitable) and class N (unsuitable), and for Sengon is S2 (moderately suitable), S3 (marginally suitable) and N1 (unsuitable for now). The threat of erosion is a limiting factor that can inhibit optimal growth of peanut and sengon. Nutrition availability affects inhibition of peanut. Water availability and the rooting condition and land preparation becomes limiting factors for Sengon.
Distribution of black shank disease on Temanggung tobacco and environmental factors affecting disease development
Authors: Hidayah N , Yulianti T , Wijayanti K S , Supriyono  , Andhika Y , Djajadi  
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Temanggung tobacco recognized for its aromatic character and high-nicotine content is a main component of clove cigarette. Currently, it only fulfils 30% of market requests. A major issue is low productivity caused by land fertility degradation and pathogens invasion such as Phytophthora nicotianae, the causal agent of black shank disease. This research aimed to determine the incidence level and distribution of the disease within tobacco plantation in Temanggung. A survey was conducted on 53 locations determined by a land system method. The incidence of black shank was recorded for each location as well as soil samples were also taken to identify soil nutrient contents. The results revealed that black shank was found at various incidence levels in several sampling points, especially in the paddy land. In dry land, none of black shank was found. In contrast, in paddy land black shank incidence reached up to 44%. It indicated that environmental condition influenced development of black shank. C-organic has a negative correlation with black shank incidence. High black shank incidence took place in low C-organic areas. C-organic has an important effect on the improvement of physical and chemical structure of soil characters as well as the equilibrium of soil microbes.
Growth and yield of tomato plants (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill) grown in soil media containing several doses of inorganic fertilizers and sprayed with Lombok brown algae extracts
Authors: Sunarpi H , Nikmatullah A , Sunarwidhi A L , Ambana Y , Ilhami B T K , Widyastuti S , Hernawan A , Prasedya E S 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Excessive use of inorganic fertilizers in the production of horticultural crops, increases production costs, decreases soil fertility and damages the environment. This article reports the growth and yield of tomato plants grown in soil media containing several doses of inorganic fertilizers and sprayed with Lombok brown algae extract. Tomato plants are grown in soil media containing inorganic fertilizers at a dose of 0, 50% or 100%. Then, each treatment plant was sprayed with 10% Lombok brown algae extract once a week during vegetative growth. The results showed that each Lombok brown algae extract had the same effect on NPK absorption, growth and yield of tomato plants. However, the effect of algae extracts on the absorption of essential elements, growth and yield of tomato plants is highly dependent on the dose of inorganic fertilizers supplied in the soil medium. The absorption of essential elements, growth and crop yields significantly increased in plants grown in soil medium containing 50% inorganic fertilizers and sprayed with 10% Lombok brown algae extract, compared to plants containing 0 inorganic fertilizers. This shows that the use of inorganic fertilizers can be reduced to 50% as long as the plants are sprayed with 10% Lombok brown algae extract.
Analysis adding value and profit margin on smallholder dairy farming at Batu City, East Java
Authors: Utami H D , Mahyudin A B 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Study was held on the smallholder dairy farming at Batu City, East Java. This research addressed to examine dairy farming value added and profit margin. Multistage sampling method was a technique to select 33 farmers who grouped into 3 scales involving scale-1 (having 5–5.5 Animal Unit (AU), n = 9), scale-2 (owning 6–7 AU, n = 7), and scale-3 (controlling 7.5–8.5 AU, n = 17). Primary and secondary data collection was about two months (April–June 2019). Descriptive analysis using economic formulation method was employed to analyse the data. Results reported that respondents were male farmers aged 50–59 years old with secondary school education and length experience (21–30 years) in raising dairy cattle and they came from medium family member (4–5 persons). Farmers who raised 6–7 AU (scale-2) achieved the highest value added about 45.23%, followed by 43.30% for scale-3 and 37.46% for scale-1. Similarly, profit margin was best-performing in scale-2 (25.33%) compared to scale-3 (24.75%) and scale-1 (22.27%).
Potential of bacteria consortium as growth controller of pathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum F. sp. cubense (Foc)
Authors: Hadi A E , Khalisha A , Pambudi A , Effendi Y 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Utilization of rhizosphere bacteria as agents for controlling of soilborne pathogenic soil microbiomes has been reported in many studies since decades. The aim of the research is identification and characterization the potential of isolated bacteria consortium for controlling of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc). The bacteria were selected through the antagonistic test, pathogenic test, and compatibility test. The effectiveness of inhibition of selected bacteria were tested in-vitro through the greenhouse-scale of suppressive soil experiments. The result showed that the Bacillus cereus strain CCM 2010 and BS 3–4B have the highest percentage of inhibition to the Foc (25.68–29.02%). Non-pathogenic bacteria with a percentage of inhibition above 20%, consists of 3 consortia by compatibility testing. Three bacterial consortiums were obtained, the first consortium (BS 3–4B, Bacillus cereus strain CCM 2010, Staphylococcus arlettae strain ATCC 43957, Bacillus cytotoxicus strain NVH 391–98 and Bacillus pseudomycoides strain NBRC 101232), 2nd consortium (Bacillus cereus strain CCM 2010 and Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus strain XDB9), and 3rd consortium (Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus strain XDB9 dan Bacillus pseudomycoides strain NBRC 101232). The data showed application of selected single bacteria able to delay fusarium disease in banana plants more than 45 days post infection in comparison to control plants.
Novel microbial consortium formulation as plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) agent
Authors: Denaya S , Yulianti R , Pambudi A , Effendi Y 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPGPB enhance plant growth through nitrogen fixation, IAA production, phosphorus and pottasium solubilization. PGPB as biofertilizer provide an alternative for chemical fertilizer to reduce environmental damage. PGPB in consortium could be more effective instead of single strain inoculant. The aim of this study is to investigate compatibility, design soil bacteria consortium isolated from rubber-Canna intercropping plantation and evaluate the consortium’s potential as biofertilizer. Functional roles of PGPB was tested such as nitrogen fixation, potassium and phosphate solubilization, and IAA production. Detection of pathogenic bacteria was tested by Blood Agar method. Compatibility test was performed by cross streak method. Bacteria were identified using sequencing of 16srRNA gene and verified using BLAST to database of NCBI. The results showed that among 19 bacterial isolates, all showed the nitrogen-fixing activity, G5 had the highest phosphorus and potassium solubilization index, whereasCitrobacter braakiistrain 167 produced the highest IAA concentration. Compatibility analysis showed thatCitrobacter freundiistrain LMG 3246,Citrobacter braakiistrain DSM 17596 and G5 are compatible as a bacteria consortium and may developed as biofertilizer. This study found a possible new and beneficial biofertilizer formulation to enhance plant growth and to reduce the application of chemical fertilizer.
The morphology and density of pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia, Jack) leaf trichomes in six natural populations in Indonesia
Authors: Zulfahmi  , Parjanto  , Purwanto E , Yunus A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Eurycoma longifolia Jack is one of the important medicinal plants in Indonesia and is used in many traditional and modern medicines. Information on trichome characteristics of E. longifolia and its relationship with environmental factors is limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphology and density of the leaf trichomes of E. longifolia, to observe its correlation with geographic and climate factors of population, and to identify trichome characters that can discriminate among populations. The morphology and density of the leaf trichome of six populations of E. longifolia were investigated using a light microscope. Analysis of variance, correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and clustering of the population were performed. The results of this study detected two types of glandular trichome in the leaf of E. longifolia, namely peltate and capitate. Analysis of variance showed a significantly different density of trichome among populations. Variation of trichome density among populations may be caused by different micro-environmental of population and genetic factors of plant individuals. We confirmed that geographic and climate factors of the population have significant positive/negative correlations with types and density of trichomes. The PCA analysis exhibited trichome density could be used as a distinguishing characteristic among populations.
Impact of heat stress on germination and seedling growth of chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Rosmaina  , Utami D , Aryanti E , Zulfahmi  
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Temperature plays an important role in plant growth and development. The increased temperature suddenly may cause severe consequences. This study aimed to observe the impact of temperature, exposure of duration, and the interaction between temperature and exposure duration at the germination phase and seedling growth of chili pepper. The research design used Factorial Completely Randomized Design. The first factor was the temperature consisted of five-level of temperature i.e: 35°C, 37°C, 39°C, and 41°C. The second factor was the exposure duration consisted of four hours, eight hours, and twelve hours. The Parameters observed were the percentage of seed germination, shoot length, root length, number of roots, seedling height, number of leaves, fresh weight of seedling, dry weight of seedling, and chlorophyll content. The results of this study showed that there is an interaction between temperature and duration of exposure, the rise in the temperature and duration of exposure decrease shoot length 35.15%, root length (23.23%), number of roots (29.82)%, fresh weight of seedling (40%), number of leaves (30%), chlorophyll content. As a result, the growth of Chili seedling showed a drastic reduction in shoot development, root development, and physiological parameters tested, the germination stage is very susceptible to raise the temperatures.
Perfomance selection of Mentik Wangi M5 generation rice resulting from 100 gray gamma-ray irradiation
Authors: Sutanto O P , Nandariyah  , Yunus A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Mentik Wangi rice is local rice originating from Yogyakarta Indonesia, which has distinctive fragrant and fluffier texture. The problems that occur in Mentik Wangi rice cultivation are that the harvest time is longer, and the plants are too high so that it gives a potential lower production impact because it is easy to collapse. One way to overcome this problem is through plant breeding with gamma-ray irradiation. The aim of this research is to select Mentik Wangi M5 irradiated by 100 Gy gamma-ray, which has a short stem and has high productivity. Observation data were analyzed descriptively, followed by a T-test to compare the performance of Mentik Wangi M5 rice plants from 100 gray gamma irradiation with control plants (without irradiation). The shortest plant height is in the M-MW1-G12-01-18–05 of 96cm with a height range of 96–110 cm. The highest number of productive tillers was found in the M-MW1-G80-11-08-15 with a range of 15–25 tillers. The highest panicle density index range was found in the M-MW1-G35-02-06-19 of 4.6-6.77. The highest level of plant productivity was found in the M-MW1-G12-01-18-01 which was 5.95 tons/ha. The results of the selection there are 21 individual plant mutans.
Diversity induction with gamma ray irradiation on Dendrobium odoardi orchid
Authors: Fathin T S , Hartati S , Yunus A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Orchid is an ornamental plant commodity that has potential to be developed. One species of orchid that is in demand is Dendrobium odoardi. The aims of this research is to determine the characteristics and morphological diversity of Dendrobium odoardi orchid irradiated gamma ray results and without gamma ray irradiation. This research was conducted in two places, the implementation of gamma ray irradiation at the PATIR-BATAN Laboratory and subculture in Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Laboratory of Agriculture Faculty, UNS. The research was conducted start from March 2019 – January 2020. The research used a simple design of one factor, the doses of gamma ray irradiation with 5 levels, 0 Gy (control), 10 Gy, 15 Gy, 20 Gy, and 25 Gy. Each level of treatment was planted and observed 50 plantlets. Observational data were analyzed descriptively by comparing observational data from Dendrobium odoardi orchids irradiated with control plants. The results showed that the induction of gamma ray irradiation resulted changes in morphological characters in Dendrobium odoardi orchid such as, increasing plant height, increasing leaf width, decreasing number of roots, decreasing root length, change in leaf shape and change in leaf color. Changes in the morphological character of Dendrobium odoardi orchids produce plant diversity.