bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First record of the enigmatic coleoid genus Longibelus from Sakhalin (Far East Russia): a contribution to our understanding of Cretaceous coleoid habitats in the Pacific Realm
Authors: Jagt-Yazykova Elena A. , Košťák Martin , Jagt John W. M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA newly collected specimen of the enigmatic coleoid genus Longibelus is recorded from lower Turonian strata along the River Shadrinka in Sakhalin (Russian Far East). To date, this is the first record of Late Cretaceous coleoid cephalopods from the island and, in fact, from the entire Pacific coast of the Russian Federation. Lithological characteristics, coupled with published geochemical analyses (δ13C and Corg content), suggest the habitat of this coleoid taxon to have been the middle to outer (i.e. distal) shelf. Its provenance from the stratigraphical level that is known as the Scaphites Event, characterised by a mass occurrence of Scaphites and Yesoites, may be indicative of occasional or marginal overlap in ranges, rather than life in similar habitats. On the basis of lithological features and in view of the extremely rare occurrence of Longibelus in rich ammonite assemblages with clear ecological/bathymetric preferences, the natural habitat of Longibelus may have comprised neritic to mesopelagic zones over distal shelves and slopes.
Impacts of increasing challenge with Eimeria maxima on the growth performance and gene expression of biomarkers associated with intestinal integrity and nutrient transporters
Authors: Teng Po-Yun , Choi Janghan , Tompkins Yuguo , Lillehoj Hyun , Kim Woo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate the impacts of graded severity of Eimeria maxima infection on the growth performance and intestine health of broiler chickens. Four different levels of E. maxima-challenged treatments were used, including a non-challenged control group, a low challenge (12 500 oocysts), a medium challenge (25 000 oocysts), and a high challenge dose (50 000 oocysts). There were eight replicate cages per treatment, with 12 birds in each cage, and chickens in the challenged groups orally received sporulated oocysts on day 14. Gastrointestinal permeability was measured by fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran at 5 days post-infection (dpi), whereas intestinal morphology and gene expression of nutrient transporters and tight junction proteins were determined at 6 dpi. The results demonstrate a linear reduction in growth performance, jejunal villus height, and jejunal integrity with graded challenge doses of E. maxima (P < 0.01). Moreover, linear regulation of nutrient transporters and tight junction proteins was a consequence of increasing Eimeria infection levels (P < 0.01). The linear increase of Claudin 1, cationic amino acid transporter, glucose transporter 1, and L-type amino acid transporter genes was associated with increased severity of coccidiosis (P < 0.01). Furthermore, expression of nutrient transporters located at the brush border membrane were down-regulated (P < 0.01) with increasing E. maxima inoculation dose. In conclusion, growth performance and key intestinal integrity biomarkers in broiler chickens were adversely influenced in a dose-dependent manner by E. maxima infection.
Duloxetine versus ‘active’ placebo, placebo or no intervention for major depressive disorder; a protocol for a systematic review of randomised clinical trials with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis
Authors: Siddiqui Faiza , Barbateskovic Marija , Juul Sophie , Katakam Kiran Kumar , Munkholm Klaus , Gluud Christian , Jakobsen Janus Christian 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Major depression significantly impairs quality of life, increases the risk of suicide, and poses tremendous economic burden on individuals and societies. Duloxetine, a serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, is a widely prescribed antidepressant. The effects of duloxetine have, however, not been sufficiently assessed in earlier systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

Methods/design
A systematic review will be performed including randomised clinical trials comparing duloxetine with ‘active’ placebo, placebo or no intervention for adults with major depressive disorder. Bias domains will be assessed, an eight-step procedure will be used to assess if the thresholds for clinical significance are crossed. We will conduct meta-analyses. Trial sequential analysis will be conducted to control random errors, and the certainty of the evidence will be assessed using GRADE. To identify relevant trials, we will search Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Excerpta Medica database, PsycINFO, Science Citation Index Expanded, Social Sciences Citation Index, Conference Proceedings Citation Index—Science and Conference Proceedings Citation Index—Social Science & Humanities. We will also search Chinese databases and Google Scholar. We will search all databases from their inception to the present. Two review authors will independently extract data and perform risk of bias assessment. Primary outcomes will be the difference in mean depression scores on Hamilton Depression Rating Scale between the intervention and control groups and serious adverse events. Secondary outcomes will be suicide, suicide-attempts, suicidal ideation, quality of life and non-serious adverse events.

Discussion
No former systematic review has systematically assessed the beneficial and harmful effects of duloxetine taking into account both the risks of random errors and the risks of systematic errors. Our review will help clinicians weigh the benefits of prescribing duloxetine against its adverse effects and make informed decisions.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO 2016 CRD42016053931
Correlation between age, muscle architecture, and muscle strength in children with Erb’s palsy
Authors: Awad Ahmed Saad , Ali Mostafa Soliman , Elassal Mohamed Ismail 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Muscle weakness is a widespread problem in children with Erb’s palsy as it can cause changes in muscle architecture parameters, which can be detected by ultrasonography. This study was conducted to determine the relation between age, muscle architecture, and muscle strength in children with Erb’s palsy. A total of 40 children with Erb’s palsy from both sexes aged 1–2.5 years were included in this study. Muscle thickness and pennation angle were measured by ultrasonography, and muscle strength was measured using the active movement scale.

Results
A significant relation was found between age, muscle thickness, pennation angle, and muscle strength (P < 0.05). Moreover, a significant difference was found in muscle architecture parameters during relaxation and contraction in both study groups and in each study group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
Muscle weakness in children with Erb’s palsy has an effect on muscle architecture parameters, and these parameters also increase with age.
Cognitive and White Matter Microstructure Development in Congenital Hypothyroidism and Familial Thyroid Disorders
Authors: Perri Katia , De Mori Letizia , Tortora Domenico , Calevo Maria Grazia , Allegri Anna E M , Napoli Flavia , Patti Giuseppa , Fava Daniela , Crocco Marco , Schiavone Maurizio , Casalini Emilio , Severino Mariasavina , Rossi Andrea , Di Iorgi Natascia , Gastaldi Roberto , Maghnie Mohamad 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Context
Children with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) are at risk for suboptimal neurodevelopment.

Objectives
To evaluate neurocognitive function and white matter microstructure in children with permanent or transient CH and to correlate these findings with disease severity.

Design, participants and methods
A retrospective and prospective observational study was conducted in 39 children with permanent or transient CH, and in 39 healthy children. Cognitive function was assessed by Wechsler Intelligence Scale, Fourth Edition, and by other tests; the white matter microstructure was investigated by 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging.

Results
Children with permanent CH have lower cognitive scores at a median age of 9.5 years than those with transient CH and controls. An IQ score between 71 and 84 was found in 28.6% of permanent CH and of &lt;70 (P = 0.06) in 10.7%. The Processing Speed Index (PSI; P = 0.004), sustained visual attention (P = 0.02), reading speed (P = 0.0001), written calculations (P = 0.002), and numerical knowledge (P = 0.0001) were significantly lower than controls. Children born to mothers with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis have significantly lower IQ values (P = 0.02), Working Memory Index (P = 0.03), and PSI (P = 0.02). Significantly lower IQ and Verbal Comprehension Index values were found in children with a family history of thyroid disorders (P = 0.004 and P = 0.009, respectively). In children with permanent CH, significant correlations between abnormalities in white matter microstructural, clinical, and cognitive measures were documented.

Conclusions
These findings indicate that children with CH are at risk of neurocognitive impairment and white matter abnormalities despite timely and adequate treatment. The association between offspring cognitive vulnerability and maternal thyroid disorders requires careful consideration.
The Translating Subject beyond Borders
Authors: Son Sung-jun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the early twentieth century, the political environments of China, Japan, and Korea were heterogeneous, encompassing various discourses and orientations. Using biographies of George Washington, this article examines the particularities of the texts created through such translations. In relay translations of biographies of Washington, Fukuyama Yoshiharu 福山義春 (Japanese, published 1900) sought an ideal model of Confucian ethics; Ding Jin 丁錦 (Chinese, published 1903) represented Washington as a strong warrior who won independence after a long fight; and Yi Haejo 李海朝 (Korean, published 1908) offered a portrait in which the warrior figure recedes and the Confucian image is again reinforced. Despite the gap between the political environments of Japan and Korea and the absence of a direct connection between them, Fukuyama's and Yi's editions share more overlapping features with each other than with Ding's. Properly recognizing and highlighting individual translation and adaptation practices that do not converge on the norms of national discourse will expand the horizons of the national discourse itself.
Planar polarization of cilia in the zebrafish floor-plate involves Par3-mediated posterior localization of highly motile basal bodies
Authors: Donati Antoine , Anselme Isabelle , Schneider-Maunoury Sylvie , Vesque Christine 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Epithelial cilia, whether motile or primary, often display an off-center planar localization within the apical cell surface. This form of planar cell polarity (PCP) involves the asymmetric positioning of the ciliary basal body (BB). Using the monociliated epithelium of the embryonic zebrafish floor-plate, we investigated the dynamics and mechanisms of BB polarization by live imaging. BBs were highly motile, making back-and-forth movements along the antero-posterior (AP) axis and contacting both the anterior and posterior membranes. Contacts exclusively occurred at junctional Par3 patches and were often preceded by membrane digitations extending towards the BB, suggesting focused cortical pulling forces. Accordingly, BBs and Par3 patches were linked by dynamic microtubules. Later, BBs became less motile and eventually settled at posterior apical junctions enriched in Par3. BB posterior positioning followed Par3 posterior enrichment and was impaired upon Par3 depletion or disorganization of Par3 patches. In the PCP mutant vangl2, BBs were still motile but displayed poorly oriented membrane contacts that correlated with Par3 patch fragmentation and lateral spreading. Thus, we propose an unexpected function for posterior Par3 enrichment in controlling BB positioning downstream of the PCP pathway.
ANALISIS KINERJA KEUANGAN BERDASARKAN ECONOMIC VALUE ADDED (EVA) DAN FINANCIAL VALUE ADDED (FVA) (STUDI KASUS PADA PT. NIPPON INDOSARI CORPINDO TBK. TAHUN 2014-2018)
Authors: Mohamad Nangsi , Amali Lanto Miriatin , Dungga Meriyana Franssisca 
Published: June 2021

Analysis of Financial Performance based on Economic Value Added (EVA) and Financial Value Added (FVA) (Case Study at PT. Nippon Indosari Corpindo Tbk in 2014-2018). Bachelor’s Degree Program in Management, Faculty of Economics, State University of Gorontalo. The principal sepervisior is Lanto Miriatin Amali, S. Sos., M.Si., and the co-supervisor is Meriyana Frsansissca Dungga, SE, MM. The research objective was to find out the financial performance of company based on analysis Economic Value Added (EVA) and Financial Value Added (FVA) from 2014 to 2018 at PT. Nippon Indosari Corpindo Tbk. The research data were obtained through financial statement in Indonesia Stock Exchange in form of company’s annual statement. The research data were secondary data. The research method used quantitative descriptive. The research sample focused on PT. Nippon Indosari Corpindo Tbk at Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The research finding indicated that the result of calculation from economic value added (EVA) and Financial Value Added (FVA) at PT. Nippon Indosari Corindo Tbk listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) fluctuated or limit of economic value added and limit of financial value added were dynamic expriencing movement although the condition of value was dynamic (up-down). Yet the average value of both was > 0 (positive) so that it was assumed to have been able to create economic value added and financial value added.
A LiDAR-based landslide inventory and associated map portal (story map) for Grand Teton National Park
Authors: Crosby Benjamin 
Published: June 2021

Funding has enabled the design and implementation of a preliminary landslide inventory including roughly 500 deposits throughout GTNP. The three most common mass movement deposits were related to debris flows, translational earth slides and translational rock slides. More than 10% of the features were field-verified during campaigns mapping along the Teton Fault and in areas across varying lithology and relief including Steamboat Mountain, Paintbrush Canyon, Cascade Canyon, Two Ocean Lake, Open Canyon and lower Granite Canyon. Features were mapped according to protocols established by the Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries (DOGAMI) and supported by the USGS. The Story Map remains under development, awaiting revised mapping and feedback from GTNP staff.

Featured photo taken from the AMK Ranch photo collection. https://flic.kr/p/RdWTqz
For everything there was a season: phenological shifts in the Tetons ecosystem
Authors: Bloom Trevor , Riginos Corinna , O'Leary Donal 
Published: June 2021

Phenology — the timing of ecological events — is shifting as the climate warms. Grand Teton National Park biologists have identified this topic (“effect of earlier plant flowering on pollinators and wildlife”) as one of their priority research needs. To address this, we assembled phenological observations of first flowering dates for 48 species collected by Frank Craighead, Jr. in the 1970 and 80s. We hypothesized many species would be flowering earlier now. In 2016 we began standardized observations in the same locations targeting the same species plus 62 for a total of 110. We compare four years of contemporary to historic observations to demonstrate shifts in phenology, and use local weather data to identify the key climatic drivers. The largest effect is observed in early spring flowers, which are blooming ~17 days earlier. Mid-summer flowers bloom ~12 days earlier, and berries bloom ~7 days earlier. Not all species are emerging earlier, particularly late summer flowering plants. Also individual species within these functional groups differ in their responses. The greatest drivers of early spring and mid-summer flowering are average spring temperature (March, April, May) and the day of snow melt timing. Late summer flowers respond more to the accumulation of Growing Degree Days.

Featured photo by Shawna Wolf, taken from the AMK Ranch photo collection.
The incidence of avascular necrosis following a cohort of treated developmental dysplasia of the hip in a single tertiary centre
Authors: Hussain Rahim Nawaz , Rad Darius , Watkins William John , Carpenter Clare 
Published: June 2021

Purpose Avascular necrosis (AVN) may occur following treatment for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). The primary aim of this study was to identify the incidence of AVN in a cohort of patients treated for DDH. Secondary aims were to classify AVN using available classification systems, analyze the correlation between the systems and investigate their relationship with the age at diagnosis of DDH. Methods An 11-year retrospective study was carried out at a single tertiary centre, using data from the clinical portal (patient records database) and IMPAX (system used to store plain radiographic images). Clinical details (patient demographics and outcomes) and plain radiographic images were used to identify cases of DDH and categorize cases of AVN using available classification systems: Tonnis and Kuhlmann, Kalamchi and McEwen, Bucholz and Ogden and Salter. Severin was used to assess final clinical outcome. Results In total, 405 (522 hips) cases of DDH were identified, of which 213 resolved without treatment, 93 were treated conservatively and 99 surgically. Only treated cases were included in the analysis (n = 192). AVN (45/99; 45.5%) was found to occur only postoperatively. A positive correlation was present between age at presentation and severity of AVN as classified according to Salter's criteria (chi-squared p value < 0.01). Conclusion AVN incidence was 23.4% (45/192) and only occurred in surgically treated patients. Older age at diagnosis was associated with a higher incidence of AVN, as defined according to Salter's criteria. The classification systems appeared to show no correlation amongst each other (p-value < 0.01). Level of evidence III - Retrospective cohort study
Diversity of trypanosomes in humans and cattle in the HAT foci Mandoul and Maro, Southern Chad—A matter of concern for zoonotic potential?
Authors: Ibrahim Mahamat Alhadj Moussa , Weber Judith Sophie , Ngomtcho Sen Claudine Henriette , Signaboubo Djoukzoumka , Berger Petra , Hassane Hassane Mahamat , Kelm Sørge 
Published: June 2021

Background
African trypanosomes are parasites mainly transmitted by tsetse flies. They cause trypanosomiasis in humans (HAT) and animals (AAT). In Chad, HAT/AAT are endemic. This study investigates the diversity and distribution of trypanosomes in Mandoul, an isolated area where a tsetse control campaign is ongoing, and Maro, an area bordering the Central African Republic (CAR) where the control had not started.

Methods
717 human and 540 cattle blood samples were collected, and 177 tsetse flies were caught. Trypanosomal DNA was detected using PCR targeting internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) and glycosomal glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase (gGAPDH), followed by amplicon sequencing.

Results
Trypanosomal DNA was identified in 14 human samples, 227 cattle samples, and in tsetse. Besides T. b. gambiense, T. congolense was detected in human in Maro. In Mandoul, DNA from an unknown Trypanosoma sp.-129-H was detected in a human with a history of a cured HAT infection and persisting symptoms. In cattle and tsetse samples from Maro, T. godfreyi and T. grayi were detected besides the known animal pathogens, in addition to T. theileri (in cattle) and T. simiae (in tsetse). Furthermore, in Maro, evidence for additional unknown trypanosomes was obtained in tsetse. In contrast, in the Mandoul area, only T. theileri, T. simiae, and T. vivax DNA was identified in cattle. Genetic diversity was most prominent in T. vivax and T. theileri.

Conclusion
Tsetse control activities in Mandoul reduced the tsetse population and thus the pathogenic parasites. Nevertheless, T. theileri, T. vivax, and T. simiae are frequent in cattle suggesting transmission by other insect vectors. In contrast, in Maro, transhumance to/from Central African Republic and no tsetse control may have led to the high diversity and frequency of trypanosomes observed including HAT/AAT pathogenic species. Active HAT infections stress the need to enforce monitoring and control campaigns. Additionally, the diverse trypanosome species in humans and cattle indicate the necessity to investigate the infectivity of the unknown trypanosomes regarding their zoonotic potential. Finally, this study should be widened to other trypanosome hosts to capture the whole diversity of circulating trypanosomes.
Individuals co-exposed to sand fly saliva and filarial parasites exhibit altered monocyte function
Authors: Sangare Moussa , Coulibaly Yaya Ibrahim , Huda Naureen , Vidal Silvia , Tariq Sameha , Coulibaly Michel Emmanuel , Coulibaly Siaka Yamoussa , Soumaoro Lamine , Dicko Ilo , Traore Bourama , Sissoko Ibrahim Moussa , Traore Sekou Fantamady , Faye Ousmane , Nutman Thomas B. , Valenzuela Jesus G. , Oliveira Fabiano , Doumbia Seydou , Kamhawi Shaden , Semnani Roshanak Tolouei 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundIn Mali, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and filariasis are co-endemic. Previous studies in animal models of infection have shown that sand fly saliva enhance infectivity ofLeishmaniaparasites in naïve hosts while saliva-specific adaptive immune responses may protect against cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. In contrast, the human immune response toPhlebotomus duboscqi(Pd) saliva, the principal sand fly vector in Mali, was found to be dichotomously polarized with some individuals having a Th1-dominated response and others having a Th2-biased response. We hypothesized that co-infection with filarial parasites may be an underlying factor that modulates the immune response to Pd saliva in endemic regions.Methodology/Principal findingsTo understand which cell types may be responsible for polarizing human responses to sand fly saliva, we investigated the effect of salivary glands (SG) of Pd on human monocytes. To this end, elutriated monocytes were cultured in vitro, alone, or with SG, microfilariae antigen (MF ag) ofBrugia malayi, or LPS, a positive control. The mRNA expression of genes involved in inflammatory or regulatory responses was then measured as were cytokines and chemokines associated with these responses. Monocytes of individuals who were not exposed to sand fly bites (mainly North American controls) significantly upregulated the production of IL-6 and CCL4; cytokines that enhanceleishmaniaparasite establishment, in response to SG from Pd or other vector species. This selective inflammatory response was lost in individuals that were exposed to sand fly bites which was not changed by co-infection with filarial parasites. Furthermore, infection with filarial parasites resulted in upregulation of CCL22, a type-2 associated chemokine, both at the mRNA levels and by its observed effect on the frequency of recruited monocytes.Conclusions/SignificanceTogether, our data suggest that SG or recombinant salivary proteins from Pd alter human monocyte function by upregulating selective inflammatory cytokines.