bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Slightly increased level of DNA migration in the comet assay: does statistical significance equal biological significance?
Authors: Møller Peter , Collins Andrew , Rodriguez-Garraus Adriana , Langie Sabine A S , Godschalk Roger , Azqueta Amaya 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the comet assay, DNA damage is assessed by differences in DNA migration from gel-embedded nucleoids. Even a small difference in DNA migration between exposure groups can be statistically significant, but may invite speculation about the biological significance of such slight increases in DNA migration. A small difference can be defined as a net difference of 1-2% Tail DNA, but background levels of DNA migration typically vary already more than 1-2% Tail DNA between studies. Here we have used studies on ionizing radiation to assess lowest detectable differences in DNA migration; variation in exposure-effect relationships; variation in central tendencies of DNA migration; unsystematic (residual) variation; and the actual number of lesions detectable with the comet assay. A total of 51 studies on ionizing radiation exposure in mammalian cells have been systematically reviewed, including results from ring-trial studies where the same batch of irradiated cells has been analyzed in different laboratories. Ring-trial studies have shown that unsystematic variation is approximately 4% Tail DNA in studies on ionizing radiation. Studies on ionizing radiation in cell cultures have shown statistically significant effects when the net increase of DNA migration is 0.3-3.1% Tail DNA. Among those experiments, the ones with optimal assay conditions to detect low levels of DNA damage show statistically significant effects with doses of around 0.30 Gy, which corresponds to approximately 350 lesions per diploid cell. However, it has also been shown that the same dose of ionizing radiation can give rise to different levels of DNA migration (i.e. 0.7-7.8% Tail DNA per Gy) in different studies.. In summary, the results show that even a small statistically significant difference in DNA migration has biological significance within the same experiment, but comparisons of DNA migration values between studies have limited biological implications.
SHORT INTERNODE1 regulates the activity of MADS transcription factors during rice floral organ development
Authors: Duan Erchao , Teng Xuan , Xu Huan , Ma Wenyu , Zhang Desheng , Zhang Rushuang , Gu Chuanwei , Zhang Yipeng , Chen Rongbo , Chen Xiaoli , Feng Miao , Lin Qibing , Dong Hui , Zhang Yuanyan , Yang Xue , Zhou Lei , Liu Shijia , Liu Xi , Tian Yunlu , Jiang Ling , Wang Haiyang , Wang Yihua , Wan Jianmin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Floral organ identity is fundamental to species diversity and reproductive success in plants and is mainly determined by the combinatorial action of MADS homeotic factors. However, despite their conserved roles in specifying floral organ identity, the regulation of MADS transcription factors remains elusive. Here, we show that the rice (Oryza sativa L.) short internode1 (shi1) mutant displays pleiotropic defects in floral organ development, resulting in severe penalties to yield and grain quality. OsSHI1 mRNA accumulates in each floral organ whorl, and OsSHI1 interacts with multiple MADS transcription factors, especially the Class E members. This physical interaction occurs through the intrinsic MADS domains, thus regulating the transcriptional activity of the MADS transcription factors. This study provides insight into the molecular and genetic regulatory mechanisms underlying the roles of OsSHI1 and MADS transcription factors in rice floral organ development and, consequently, grain yield and quality.
102 ASSESSMENT AND TREATMENT POTENTIAL OF MUSIC INTERVENTION FOR THINKING DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA
Authors: Ren Yuan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Patients with schizophrenia often show significant thinking disorders, which have a serious impact on their daily life and recovery of social functions. Traditional treatment methods mainly rely on drugs and psychotherapy, and music intervention, as a new non-drug treatment method, has shown its potential in improving the symptoms of schizophrenia. The study aims to evaluate the effect of music intervention on improving thinking disorders and cognitive functions in patients with schizophrenia.

Methods
The study included 60 patients with schizophrenia and randomly divided them into a music intervention group and a control group, with 30 people in each group. The experimental group received 12 weeks of music intervention, 3 times a week, 60 minutes each time, including auditory training, instrumental performance, and rhythm activities. The control group continued to receive conventional drug treatment. The study evaluated the patients before and after using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the cognitive function test scale to compare the changes in thought disorders, positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and cognitive function between the two groups.

Results
The results showed that the experimental group showed significant improvements in both positive and negative symptom scores, especially in thought disorder symptoms. See Table 1 for specific data.
As can be seen from Table 1, the improvement in thought disorder scores, positive symptoms, and negative symptoms scores in the experimental group was significantly greater than that in the control group. The experimental group’s thinking disorder score improved by 9.5 points, positive symptoms improved by 8.2 points, negative symptoms improved by 7.8 points, and cognitive function score improved by 15.7 points, all of which were statistically significant (P &lt; 0.05). The improvement in various assessments in the control group was smaller and did not reach the significance level. Data show that music intervention has significant therapeutic effects in alleviating thinking disorders and improving cognitive function.

Discussion
Research shows that music intervention can significantly improve the thinking disorders and cognitive functions of patients with schizophrenia, especially showing positive effects in alleviating positive symptoms and negative symptoms. Music intervention is easy to implement and has low side effects, which makes it have good clinical application prospects and provides a valuable supplementary path for the comprehensive treatment of schizophrenia. Future research can further explore the role of music intervention in the long-term recovery of patients with schizophrenia, and combine neuroimaging techniques to further analyze its specific impact on brain function.
106 EFFECT OF PHYSICAL TRAINING COMBINED WITH BASKETBALL ON BEHAVIOR AND MENTAL SYMPTOMS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA
Authors: Bin Enming , Gao* Gan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Schizophrenia is a complex mental disorder that affects patients’ behavior, cognition, and emotional regulation, severely impairing their quality of life and social functioning. Although medication can alleviate symptoms, it comes with side effects and has limited effectiveness in improving social adaptability. Therefore, exercise therapy has received attention due to its positive impact on physical and mental health. Basketball not only improves physical fitness, but also promotes social interaction and emotional expression among patients. Studies have shown that moderate exercise can improve mood and cognitive function by increasing neurotransmitter secretion. The study aims to evaluate the effects of physical training and basketball on the behavior and mental symptoms of patients with schizophrenia, in order to provide new evidence for non pharmacological treatment.

Methods
The study included 120 patients with schizophrenia aged 18-45, all of whom met the DSM-5 criteria. Adopting a double-blind randomized controlled design, the participants were divided into an experimental group (physical training and basketball exercise, three times a week, 90 minutes each time) and a control group (conventional treatment only). The intervention of the experimental group includes 30 minutes of physical training and 60 minutes of basketball exercise. Before and after intervention, BPS was used to assess patients’ behavioral problems, PANSS was used to assess psychiatric symptoms, and serum levels of dopamine and BDNF were detected.

Results
The experimental data were analyzed by SPSS 26.0 software, and the specific results are shown in Table 1. Table 1 shows that the experimental group’s BPS score decreased from 42.3 to 28.7, PANSS score decreased from 89.5 to 65.3, and serum dopamine and BDNF levels increased by 23.7% and 18.5%, respectively. The BPS and PANSS scores of the control group only slightly decreased, and the physiological indicators did not show significant changes.

Discussion
Studies have confirmed that physical training combined with basketball has a significant intervention effect on the behavioral and mental symptoms of patients with schizophrenia. Through physical training, physical fitness and confidence are improved; basketball stimulates social participation and emotional expression through team interaction and goal orientation. This integrated intervention not only significantly reduced the behavioral problems and psychiatric symptoms, but also supported the improvement of mental health at the physiological level by promoting the secretion of neurotransmitters and trophic factors. Future studies could further optimize the intervention program with a view to providing more personalized and diverse non-pharmacological approaches for atients with schizophrenia.
A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating Traditional versus Extended Techniques of Poly-l-Lactic Acid injection for the Aesthetic Improvement of the Temporal Fossae
Authors: Nikolis Andreas , Rosengaus Frank , Blackburn Geneviève , Safran Tyler , Enright Kaitlyn M. 
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND
Poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA-SCA) can be used to improve the aesthetics of the temporal fossae but is usually only deposited within the visible area of the temporal hollows. However, extending the treatment area posterior to the hairline may provide a greater lifting effect.

OBJECTIVES
Assess the efficacy and safety of 2 techniques (traditional vs extended) of injecting PLLA-SCA for aesthetic improvement of the temporal fossae.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A prospective, randomized-controlled clinical trial was conducted. Twenty-four subjects were randomized in a 1-to-1 ratio to the traditional or extended injection technique. Subjects received 3 treatments (Baseline, Week 7, Week 14) and were evaluated for follow-up at Weeks 20, 26, and 38. Assessments included the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS), Temple Volume Deficit Scale (TVDS), lifting and volumizing effects, subject satisfaction, and adverse events.

RESULTS
A greater facial lifting effect (p < .001) and mean decrease in TVDS scores were observed with the extended injection technique. Regardless of injection technique, all subjects were at least improved on the GAIS at Week 38, and there was a low frequency of adverse events.

CONCLUSION
Poly-l-lactic acid is a safe and effective treatment for improving the aesthetic appearance of the temporal fossae. Outcomes can be maximized using an extended injection technique.
Addressing Earlobe Elongation: A Systematic Review of Surgical Reduction Techniques in the Aging Population
Authors: Nassar Aref , Nassar Carla , Kassouf Elia , Aoude Marc , El Feghaly Charbel , Nasr Marwan 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Aging affects all the components of the face, and the earlobe stands among them. Elongation of the earlobes necessitates surgical correction to restore the youthful ear shape.

Methods:
A comprehensive literature search was conducted across the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases. The quality of the included studies was systematically assessed, and data pertaining to surgical earlobe reduction was extracted.

Results:
Thirteen articles that closely matched the study objectives were included in this systematic review. We regrouped these techniques into 3 categories: those involving inferior margin excision of the earlobe, those involving anterior earlobe resection, and the third group comprising other methods. To aid in clinical decision-making, we created an algorithm to guide the choice of the procedure.

Conclusions:
Proper management of earlobe ptosis and pseudoptosis enhances facial harmony. By outlining the available techniques and providing a treatment algorithm, we emphasize the importance of incorporating earlobe reduction into comprehensive facial rejuvenation strategies.
Epidemiology of Golf-Related Injuries: A 10-Year Analysis of the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System Database and the Impact of Alcohol Consumption
Authors: Swisher Jeremy , Waldrop Matthew , Sitton Zachary , Miles Christopher M. 
Published: February 2025

Objective:
The study purpose was to examine epidemiology of golf-related injuries and impact of alcohol consumption.

Design:
Descriptive epidemiologic study.

Setting:
Emergency department injury reports in the United States.

Participants:
Individuals reporting to emergency departments for golf-related injuries.

Methods:
Data (2011–2021) were obtained from National Electronic Injury Surveillance System. Examined trends with pivot tables. Incidence rate ratios and confidence intervals were calculated using χ2. Three hundred seventy-one injuries were removed for not being golf related.

Independent Variables:
Age, gender, alcohol use.

Main Outcome Measures:
Injury type, injury location, injury narrative.

Results:
Mean age 46 years. Men (n = 7605, 71.03%) were injured more frequently. Most common injuries were sprain (n = 1699, 15.87%), laceration (n = 1544, 14.42%), and fracture (n = 1340, 12.52%). Most common locations were trunk (n = 2,417, 22.57%) and head (n = 1866, 17.43%). Most common lower extremity was knee (n = 610, 5.70%), and upper extremity was shoulder (n = 447, 4.17%). With alcohol, the rate of injury being a fracture increased from 12.39% to 18.11% [incidence rate ratio (IRR)], 1.46 [95% CI, 1.05–1.97]; P = 0.018), syncope increased from 2.63% to 9.47% (IRR, 3.51 [95% CI, 2.19–5.38]; P = 0.0001), and internal injury increased from 9.48% to 23.05% (IRR, 2.43 [95% CI, 1.82–3.18]; P = 0.0001). Injury location most common with alcohol was the head, increased from 16.95% to 37.86% (IRR, 2.23 [95% CI, 1.79–2.75]; P = 0.0001).

Conclusions:
Common golf injuries include sprains, lacerations, and fractures. Alcohol is a known risk factor, significantly increasing the risk of severe injuries in golfers, such as fractures and internal injuries. In addition, notable increases in head injuries and syncope were identified.
Realizing the potential of donation after circulatory death requires understanding and resolving tension between end of life decisions and organ donation decisions
Authors: Parent Brendan , Viscusi Summer 
Published: February 2025

Purpose of review
Donation after circulatory death (DCD) is one of the most promising methods for expanding the organ pool for transplantation. Yet realizing the promise of DCD depends on careful coordination of end of life treatment with organ donation authorization, organ preservation, and recovery.

Recent findings
As organ procurement organizations (OPO) increase their DCD efforts, challenges regarding timely referral, delays in organ recovery coordination, and the requisite separation of clinical decisions from organ donation decisions are potentially preventing successful organ recovery, and having negative consequences for trust between OPOs, hospital staff, and donor families.

Summary
Recent DCD cases should be scientifically studied to understand the variables that lead to successful versus unsuccessful DCD. These variables need to be understood in order to adjust legal, logistical, and ethical approaches to DCD and thus ensure the expansion of the organ pool while preserving trust in organ transplantation.
Selective decline of intact HIV reservoirs during the first decade of ART followed by stabilization in memory T cell subsets
Authors: Nühn Marieke M. , Bosman Kobus , Huisman Terry , Staring Wouter H.A. , Gharu Lavina , De Jong Dorien , De Kort Theun M. , Buchholtz Ninée V.E.J. , Tesselaar Kiki , Pandit Aridaman , Arends Joop , Otto Sigrid A. , Lucio De Esesarte Eduardo , Hoepelman Andy I.M. , De Boer Rob J. , Symons Jori , Borghans José A.M. , Wensing Annemarie M.J. , Nijhuis Monique 
Published: February 2025

Objectives:
To investigate the short- and long-term dynamics of intact and defective proviral HIV DNA during ART.

Design:
We evaluated viral reservoir dynamics in a cohort of nine individuals with chronic HIV-1 subtype B infection who initiated first-line ART and were followed for 20 years while continuing ART.

Methods:
PBMCs were obtained before ART (n = 5), during the first year, and after 8.5 and 20 years of treatment. T cell subsets (naive, central-memory, transitional-memory and effector-memory) were sorted at 8.5 and 20 years. DNA was isolated and analyzed using the intact proviral DNA assay (IPDA). Deep-sequencing of the viral env region enabled analysis of viral evolution and cellular mechanisms underlying HIV persistence.

Results:
Initially, defective and intact proviral DNA in PBMCs declined with half-lives of 3.6 and 5.4 weeks, respectively. Over the following 8.5 years, the intact reservoir continued to decrease, with a half-life of 18.8 months in PBMCs, while defective proviral DNA levels stabilized. After 8.5 and 20 years of ART, the intact reservoir showed no further decline, with most intact proviral DNA residing in memory T cell subsets. Phylogenetic analysis revealed no signs of viral evolution over time, both within and between T cell subsets.

Conclusions:
PBMCs containing intact proviral DNA are selectively lost during the first decade of suppressive ART, followed by a decade of stabilization of this reservoir in the memory T cell subsets. In the absence of clear signs of viral evolution and massive clonal expansion, homeostatic proliferation might be an important driver of HIV persistence during long-term ART.
Time to direct-acting antivirals initiation and liver-related events in people with HIV and Hepatitis C virus
Authors: Chalouni Mathieu , Van Santen Daniela K. , Berenguer Juan , Jarrin Inmaculada , Miro José M. , Klein Marina B. , Young Jim , Torgersen Jessie , Rentsch Christopher T. , Gill M John , Epstein Rachel L. , Linas Benjamin , Zangerle Robert , Surial Bernard , Rauch Andri , Touloumi Giota , Papadopoulos Antonios , Wittkop Linda , Van Der Valk Marc , Boyd Anders , Monforte Antonella d’Arminio , Puoti Massimo , Logan Roger W. , Rein Sophia M. , Hernán Miguel A. , Lodi Sara 
Published: February 2025

Objective:
People with HIV-HCV co-infection need antiretroviral treatment (ART) to suppress HIV and direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) to cure HCV. ART is typically prioritized, but delays in DAA initiation may increase the risk of liver-related events and HCV transmission to others.

Design:
Target trial emulation with observational data collected in routine clinical practice from a collaboration of cohorts from Europe and North America.

Methods:
We included DAA-naïve adults with HIV-HCV co-infection who achieved HIV virologic suppression (HIV RNA<50 copies/mL) after starting ART between 2013–2020. We 1) estimated the probability of not initiating DAAs at 6 and 36 months after HIV virologic suppression, and 2) emulated a target trial of early (≤6 months after HIV virological suppression) versus delayed (>6 months) DAA initiation and the 36-month risk of liver-related events (liver decompensation or hepatocellular carcinoma).

Results:
Of 862 eligible individuals (median age 46 years; interquartile range 36 to 56), 14% were women, and 52% had a history of injection drug use. The 6 and 36-month probabilities of not initiating DAA were 58% (95% CI: 55, 61) and 24% (21, 27), respectively. The 36-month risk of liver-related events was 1.1% (0.4, 2.0) for early initiation and 1.7% (0.7, 2.5) for delayed initiation; risk difference -0.5% (-1.2, 0.4).

Conclusions:
Almost one-quarter of people with HIV-HCV co-infection on ART had not initiated DAA 3 years after HIV virologic suppression. Because the 3-year risk of liver-related events was low, estimates of the impact of delayed DAA initiation were imprecise.
Barbed Suture Strength in Sacrocolpopexy: Does Pattern Matter?
Authors: Lázaro Weiss José J. , Tomaschke Andrew A. , Hamner Jennifer J. , Hale Douglass S. , Agosta Patrina O. , Ogunmuko Oluwakemi , Reul Olivia , Stewart J. Ryan 
Published: February 2025

Importance
Although barbed suture in sacrocolpopexy is becoming increasingly common, an accepted vaginal attachment pattern for barbed suture has not been established.

Objective
This study aimed to compare the structural properties of 3 different barbed suture attachment patterns used to fixate mesh to the vagina during sacrocolpopexy.

Study Design
Segments of type 1 polypropylene mesh (Restorelle; Coloplast, Humlebaek, Denmark) measuring 6 × 3 cm were affixed to rectus abdominis fascia from 5 fresh-frozen female cadavers. Barbed 6-inch 2–0 polydioxanone (Stratafix; Ethicon, Raritan, NJ) with 3 different attachment patterns and nonbarbed 2–0 polydioxanone were used for fixation. Barbed suture attachment patterns included circular, horizontal, and vertical patterns. Mechanical testing was carried out using a uniaxial tensile test to failure.

Results
Tensile testing resulted in similar mechanical properties across all suture attachment pattern groups. Analyses found no significant effect of suture attachment pattern stiffness or the extension at failure. One-way ANOVAs revealed a global effect of suture attachment pattern on the load at failure (P = 0.0188) and energy at failure (P = 0.0435), but this significance was eliminated after controlling for multiple comparisons. A significant (P = 0.0459) increase in ultimate load was found when comparing the horizontal attachment pattern to the vertical attachment pattern.

Conclusions
No difference was observed when comparing suture attachment patterns (circular, horizontal, and vertical). However, a statistically significant difference in ultimate load favored the horizontal attachment over the vertical attachment. Furthermore, there was no difference observed when comparing nonbarbed interrupted suture attachment to the 3 barbed suture attachment patterns.