bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cellular Reprogramming and Immortality: Expression Profiling Reveals Putative Genes Involved in Turritopsis dohrnii’s Life Cycle Reversal
Authors: Matsumoto Yui , Miglietta Maria Pia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
To gather insight on the genetic network of cell reprogramming and reverse development in a nonmodel cnidarian system, we produced and annotated a transcriptome of the hydrozoan Turritopsis dohrnii, whose medusae respond to damage or senescence by metamorphosing into a juvenile stage (the polyp), briefly passing through an intermediate and uncharacterized stage (the cyst), where cellular transdifferentiation occurs. We conducted sequential and pairwise differential gene expression (DGE) analyses of the major life cycle stages involved in the ontogenetic reversal of T. dohrnii. Our DGE analyses of sequential stages of T. dohrnii’s life cycle stages show that novel and characterized genes associated with aging/lifespan, regulation of transposable elements, DNA repair, and damage response, and Ubiquitin-related processes, among others, were enriched in the cyst stage. Our pairwise DGE analyses show that, when compared with the colonial polyp, the medusa is enriched with genes involved in membrane transport, the nervous system, components of the mesoglea, and muscle contraction, whereas genes involved in chitin metabolism and the formation of the primary germ layers are suppressed. The colonial polyp and reversed polyp (from cyst) show significant differences in gene expression. The reversed polyp is enriched with genes involved in processes such as chromatin remodeling and organization, matrix metalloproteinases, and embryonic development whereas suppressing genes involved in RAC G-protein signaling pathways. In summary, we identify genetic networks potentially involved in the reverse development of T. dohrnii and produce a transcriptome profile of all its life cycle stages, and paving the way for its use as a system for research on cell reprogramming.
WormPaths: Caenorhabditis elegans metabolic pathway annotation and visualization
Authors: Walker Melissa D , Giese Gabrielle E , Holdorf Amy D , Bhattacharya Sushila , Diot Cédric , García-González Aurian P , Horowitz Brent B , Lee Yong-Uk , Leland Thomas , Li Xuhang , Mirza Zeynep , Na Huimin , Nanda Shivani , Ponomarova Olga , Zhang Hefei , Zhang Jingyan , Yilmaz L Safak , Walhout Albertha J M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In our group, we aim to understand metabolism in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and its relationships with gene expression, physiology, and the response to therapeutic drugs. Visualization of the metabolic pathways that comprise the metabolic network is extremely useful for interpreting a wide variety of experiments. Detailed annotated metabolic pathway maps for C. elegans are mostly limited to pan-organismal maps, many with incomplete or inaccurate pathway and enzyme annotations. Here, we present WormPaths, which is composed of two parts: (1) the careful manual annotation of metabolic genes into pathways, categories, and levels, and (2) 62 pathway maps that include metabolites, metabolite structures, genes, reactions, and pathway connections between maps. These maps are available on the WormFlux website. We show that WormPaths provides easy-to-navigate maps and that the different levels in WormPaths can be used for metabolic pathway enrichment analysis of transcriptomic data. In the future, we envision further developing these maps to be more interactive, analogous to road maps that are available on mobile devices.
Staying Connected: Alternative Transportation Use, Neighborhoods, and Social Participation Among Older Americans
Authors: Latham-Mintus Kenzie , Manierre Matthew , Miller Keith 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background and Objectives
A wealth of empirical evidence documents improved health among older adults who participate in social activities. Alternative transportation can serve as a bridge linking older adults to social activities and improving person–environment fit.

Research Design and Methods
Using Waves 1–8 of the National Health and Aging Trends Study, this research examines whether alternative transportation use is associated with participation in diverse social activities among a sample of Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 or older. Additionally, this research explores whether the effect of transportation use varies across neighborhood environments. We analyzed individual trajectories of participation in social activities by estimating 2-level growth curve models.

Results
The use of public transportation, paratransit, getting a ride, or walking/using wheelchair/scooter to get places was associated with participating in more types of social activities. Respondents who used alternative transportation had less steep declines in participation. The effect of getting rides and using paratransit services was more pronounced among respondents living in disordered neighborhoods.

Discussion and Implications
This research underscores the importance of alternative transportation use and the neighborhood context for participation among older adults. Age-friendly initiatives aimed at fostering greater community engagement should think broadly about the role of multiple forms of transportation.
Trends in socio-economic, sex and geographic disparities in childhood underweight in Mauritania: evidence from Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (2007–2015)
Authors: Shibre Gebretsadik , Zegeye Betregiorgis , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Ameyaw Edward Kwabena , Keetile Mpho , Yaya Sanni 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Underweight is one of the largest contributors to child morbidity and mortality and is considered to be the largest contributor to the global burden of diseases in low-and middle-income countries. In Mauritania, where one-fifth of children are underweight, there is a dearth of evidence on socio-economic, sex and geographic disparities in childhood underweight. As a result, this study aimed at investigating the socio-economic, sex and geographic disparities in childhood underweight in Mauritania.

Methods
Using the World Health Organization's (WHO) Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (HEAT) software, data from the Mauritania Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICSs) conducted between 2007 and 2015 were analysed. Childhood underweight was disaggregated by five equity stratifiers: education, wealth, residence, region and sex. In addition, absolute and relative inequality measures, namely difference (D), population attributable risk (PAR), ratio (R) and population attributable fraction (PAF) were calculated to understand inequalities from wider perspectives. Corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed to measure statistical significance.

Results
Substantial absolute and relative socio-economic, sex and geographic disparities in underweight were observed from 2007 to 2015. Children from the poorest households (PAR=−12.66 [95% CI −14.15 to −11.16]), those whose mothers were uneducated (PAF=−9.11 [95% CI −13.41 to −4.81]), those whose mothers were rural residents (R=1.52 [95% CI 1.37 to 1.68]), residents of HodhCharghy (PAF=−66.51 [95% CI −79.25 to −53.76]) and males (D=4.30 [95% CI 2.09 to 6.52]) experienced a higher burden of underweight. Education-related disparities decreased from 2007 to 2015. The urban–rural gap in underweight similarly decreased over time with the different measures showing slightly different reductions. Wealth-driven disparities decreased marginally from 2011 to 2015. The sex-based and regional disparities increased, at least on average, over the 8-y intersurvey period.

Conclusions
The burden of underweight was significantly higher among children from disadvantaged subpopulations, those with uneducated and poorest/poor mothers, those living in rural areas and those living in HodhCharghy. Special nutrition intervention and efforts focused on these deprived subpopulations are required to reduce childhood morbidity and mortality associated with underweight and help achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.
Alain Crosnier’s role in modern carcinology: exploration, international collaboration, and taxonomy
Authors: Richer de Forges Bertrand , Ahyong Shane T , Castro Peter , Chan Tin-Yam , Clark Paul F , Lemaitre Rafael , Macpherson Enrique , Ng Peter K L , Poore Gary C B , Poupin Joseph , Tavares Marcos 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe French carcinologist and oceanographer Alain Crosnier (1930–2021) had a most influential role in modern carcinology. This tribute reviews his contributions to organising oceanographic expeditions; expanding collections of specimens, particularly from the deep sea; and supporting international collaboration for taxonomic investigations of the rich collections of material obtained from these expeditions. His expertise and enthusiasm also extended to the publication of the results of these investigations.
Rumors of Insurgency and Assassination in the Ixcán, Guatemala
Authors: Foss Sarah 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the late 1960s, landless campesinos partnered with the Maryknoll Catholic order to form a colony and cooperative in the lowland jungles of northern Guatemala. The Ixcán Grande colony became profitable and fell in line with state development and agrarian policies. Yet by the mid-1970s, this dramatically changed when the colony began experiencing increased government repression as Guatemala’s ongoing civil war escalated. After Father William Woods, the colony’s priest, died in a mysterious plane crash in 1976, multiple accounts of that fateful day circulated: the official version recorded it as an accident while unofficial versions maintained that the military-state had assassinated him. This event shaped the relationship between Ixcán residents and the state from that moment on and continues to influence historical memory in the present. This article first explores the circulation of rumors of insurgency, leading to the Ixcán Grande project’s reputation as an unstable, dangerous space. Then, it examines the competing historical narratives surrounding Father Woods’s death. Finally, it links rumor creation and utilization with historical memory, ending with a brief conclusion about the utility—and the necessity—of giving proper attention to rumors as archival traces.
Assessment of Dermal and Inhalation Exposure to Permethrin During Field Treatment of Military Uniforms
Authors: Jensen Lynnea , Schaal N Cody , English James , Dunford James , Stubner Alex H 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Permethrin is a common pesticide spray-applied to civilian clothing and military uniforms for protection against biting arthropods in an effort to reduce risks to arthropod-borne diseases. During mass clothing spray events, exposure is possible through the dermal, inhalation, and ingestion routes. The potentially exposed population during a spray event includes the pesticide applicator(s) and working party (personnel who handle clothing/uniforms by positioning on the ground, flipping, and removing after spraying is complete). Previous investigation is limited regarding permethrin exposure via multiple routes of entry. Additionally, most exposure assessments are limited to pesticide applicators rather than working party that support applicator personnel. The purpose of this investigation was to conduct a multi-route exposure assessment for all personnel normally participating in mass permethrin military uniform treatments.

Materials and Methods
The protocol and Informed Consent Document were approved by the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS) Institutional Review Board (IRB) before fieldwork initiation (IRB number: USUHS.2019-032). Sampling occurred during routine spray events performed by 14 U.S. Navy personnel (3 applicators and 11 working party) over 2 days. Personal exposures were measured with dermal sampling, and airborne concentrations were measured with area air sampling. Permethrin area air sampling and analysis were conducted using OSHA Versatile Sampler-2 sampling media (n = 36). Dermal exposure was measured using dosimeter gloves (n = 26) and a dermal patch (n = 26) worn by study participants.

Results
All air samples were reported below the 0.4 µg limit of quantification. Glove sample results ranged from 45 to 120,000 µg and patch results ranged from 0.57 to 45 µg. A repeated-measures ANOVA showed non-statistically significant differences in dermal concentrations (P-value = .8340) between the applicators and working party in patches and gloves.

Conclusions
Results suggest dermal contact is the primary route of exposure compared to inhalation when mass spraying clothing with permethrin. Similar dermal exposures between these two occupations may necessitate reconsidering risk assessment procedures, training and personal protective equipment (PPE) requirements for mass spray uniform treatments. Specifically, while PPE requirements for applicators are highly regulated by the Armed Forces Pest Management Board and include items such as Tyvek suits, chemical protective gloves, and air-purifying respirators, PPE was not regulated for working party personnel before this investigation.
The Impact of Combat Ocular Trauma and Traumatic Brain Injury on Vision- and Health-Related Quality of Life Among U.S. Military Casualties
Authors: Sia Rose K , Ryan Denise S , Brooks Daniel I , Kagemann Janice M , Bower Kraig S , French Louis M , Justin Grant A , Colyer Marcus H 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to assess visual and health-related quality of life (QOL) among U.S. military service members who sustained combat ocular trauma (COT) with or without associated traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods
This was a single-center, prospective observational study of U.S. service members (n = 88) with COT who were treated at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center. Participants completed the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (VFQ-25) at enrollment and at follow-up (&gt;1 year) and supplemental surveys: Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory, the Medical Outcomes 36-item Short Form Survey (SF-36), and Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory.

Results
Initial and follow-up VFQ-25 showed a statistically significant increase in median scores for near activities (initial: 75.0, follow-up 83.3; P = .004) and peripheral vision (initial: 50.0, follow-up: 75.0; P = .009) and in composite scores (initial: 79.5, follow-up: 79.8; P = .022). Comparing those who did (n = 78) and did not (n = 8) have a TBI history, there were no significant differences in median change in VFQ-25 composite scores (with TBI: 2.3 vs. no TBI: 10.7; P = .179). Participants with a TBI history had a significantly lower median SF-36 General Health score (with TBI: 67.5 vs. no TBI: 92.5; P = .009)

Conclusions
Vision-related QOL of COT patients is generally good in the long term. However, those with both COT and a history of TBI conditions showed significantly worse functioning in several domains than those without TBI. As TBI is a common finding in COT, this association is an important factor impacting this population’s overall clinical presentation and daily functions.
Rare events of a peculiar thermonuclear supernova that precedes a core-collapse supernova
Authors: Bear Ealeal , Soker Noam 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
We study stellar binary evolution that leads to the formation of a white dwarf (WD) that explodes in a thermonuclear supernova at the termination of a common envelope evolution (CEE) shortly before the core of its companion explodes as a core-collapse supernova (CCSN). The CCSN explosion of the core, which is the remnant of a red supergiant (RSG) star, might take place few months to several years after the explosion of the WD as a thermonuclear supernova, i.e. a Type Ia peculiar supernova (peculiar SN Ia). Using the evolutionary code mesa-binary, we simulate the evolution of binary systems with stars of initial masses of $6\!-\!7.5\, {\rm M}_\odot$. The more massive star, the primary, transfers mass to the secondary star and leaves a CO WD remnant. The secondary becomes massive enough to end in a CCSN. As the secondary evolves to the RSG phase, it engulfs the WD and the system experiences a CEE that ends with a WD–core binary system at an orbital separation of af ≃ 1–5 R⊙. Our simulations show that the core explodes as a CCSN at $t_{\rm CEE-CCSN} \simeq 3000 \!-\! 10^5 {~\rm yr}$ after the CEE. We assume that if the WD accretes helium-rich gas from the core it might explode as an SN Ia in the frame of the double detonation scenario for SNe Ia and peculiar SNe Ia. We predict the very rare occurrence of a peculiar SN Ia followed within months to years by a CCSN.
Time Course of Neutralizing Antibody in Health Care Workers With Mild or Asymptomatic COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Vicenti Ilaria , Gatti Francesca , Scaggiante Renzo , Boccuto Adele , Modolo Eliana , Zago Daniela , Basso Monica , Dragoni Filippo , Bartolini Niccolo’ , Zazzi Maurizio , Parisi Saverio Giuseppe 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe describe the time course of neutralizing antibody (NtAb) titer in a cohort of health care workers with mild or asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection. NtAb levels decreased over time; however, serum neutralizing activity remained detectable after a median of 7 months from SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis in the majority of cases.
Anti-Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Immunoglobulin G Antibody Seroprevalence Among Truck Drivers and Assistants in Kenya
Authors: Kagucia E Wangeci , Gitonga John N , Kalu Catherine , Ochomo Eric , Ochieng Benard , Kuya Nickline , Karani Angela , Nyagwange James , Karia Boniface , Mugo Daisy , Karanja Henry K , Tuju James , Mutiso Agnes , Maroko Hosea , Okubi Lucy , Maitha Eric , Ajuck Hossan , Mukabi David , Moracha Wycliffe , Bulimu David , Andanje Nelson , Aman Rashid , Mwangangi Mercy , Amoth Patrick , Kasera Kadondi , Ng’ang’a Wangari , Nyaguara Amek , Voller Shirine , Otiende Mark , Bottomley Christian , Agoti Charles N , Ochola-Oyier Lynette I , Adetifa Ifedayo M O , Etyang Anthony O , Gallagher Katherine E , Uyoga Sophie , Barasa Edwine , Bejon Philip , Tsofa Benjamin , Agweyu Ambrose , Warimwe George M , Scott J Anthony G ,   The Magarini Sub-County TDA SARS-CoV-2 Serosurveillance Team, The Busia County TDA SARS-CoV-2 Serosurveillance Team
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In October 2020, anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunoglobulin G seroprevalence among truck drivers and their assistants (TDA) in Kenya was 42.3%, higher than among healthcare workers and blood donors. Truck drivers and their assistants transport essential supplies during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, placing them at increased risk of being infected and of transmitting SARS-CoV-2 over a wide geographical area.
Effect of Monoclonal Antibody Treatment on Clinical Outcomes in Ambulatory Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Anderson Blake , Smith Zirka , Edupuganti Srilatha , Yan Xiaobo , Masi Christopher M , Wu Henry M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We compared rates of emergency department visits or hospitalizations among ambulatory coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients treated with monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy (n = 305) vs untreated patients (n = 6354). Treatment was associated with decreased encounters within 30 days (adjusted odds ratio, 0.23 [95% confidence interval, .15–.36]). Our findings support treatment of acute COVID-19 with mAbs.
Measurable Selections: A Bridge Between Large Cardinals and Scientific Applications?
Authors: Burgess John P 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTThere is no prospect of discovering measurable cardinals by radio astronomy, but this does not mean that higher set theory is entirely irrelevant to applied mathematics broadly construed. By way of example, the bearing of some celebrated descriptive-set-theoretic consequences of large cardinals on measurable-selection theory, a body of results originating with a key lemma in von Neumann’s work on the mathematical foundations of quantum theory, and further developed in connection with problems of mathematical economics, will be considered from a philosophical point of view.
Myositis specific antibodies are associated with isolated anti-Ro-52 associated interstitial lung disease
Authors: Shao Chi , Sun Yuxin , Huang Hui , Zhang Zeyu , Pan Ruili , Xu Kai , Zhang Xin , Zhang Ying , Xu Zuojun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Anti-Ro-52 antibody positivity might be associated with the presence of interstitial lung disease (ILD) among patients with autoimmune features. However, the clinical significance of isolated anti-Ro-52 positivity (i.e. the presence of anti-Ro-52 antibodies but the absence of anti-Ro-60 antibodies; anti-Ro-52+Ro-60−) in patients with ILD is not clear.

Methods
This is a prospective and observational study of Chinese ILD patients with isolated anti-Ro-52 positivity. According to their myositis specific antibody (MSA) status, patients were split into groups, and their clinical and radiological features were compared.

Results
Of the 158 enrolled patients with ILD and isolated anti-Ro-52 positivity (isolated anti-Ro-52-ILD), there were 130 patients with a positive MSA status and 28 patients with a negative MSA status. Anti-synthetase antibodies (ASAs) were found in 61.5% of patients with MSA+-ILD, and anti-melanoma differentiation associated protein 5 (anti-MDA-5) antibodies were found in the remaining 38.5% of patients. The anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) pattern was associated with ASA and anti-MDA-5 positivity (x2 = 70.7, P &lt; 0.001; Cramer’s value 0.47, P &lt; 0.001): ANA negativity was associated with anti-MDA-5 positivity, and cytoplasmic ANA positivity was associated with ASA positivity. There were statistically significant differences in the high-resolution CT patterns between patients with isolated anti-Ro-52 positivity with different MSA statuses (x2 = 29.8, P &lt; 0.001; Cramer’s value 0.31, P &lt; 0.001): OP pattern was more common in patients with anti-MDA-5 antibodies than in those without anti-MDA-5 antibodies.

Conclusions
Patients with isolated anti-Ro-52-ILD showed high positivity of MSA. Isolated anti-Ro-52 positivity with cytoplasmic ANA positivity was strongly associated with ASA+-ILD, while ANA negativity was associated with anti-MDA-5+-ILD.