bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanizmy COVID-19 a układ odpornościowy i jego starzenie
Authors: Witkowski Jacek M. , Bryl Ewa 
Published: December 2021

Epidemiological studies concerning the new coronavirus disease called COVID-19 show that elderly and old people are more susceptible to symptomatic, severe course of the disease, and also to death as its consequence. These age groups frequently suffer from associated, aging-related, chronic inflammatory diseases, in the case of COVID-19 described as co-morbidities. This paper describes the mechanisms of infection by SARS-CoV-2 virus and the development of acute COVID-19 and of its chronic form called long COVID, as well as the participation of various components of the immune system in the development and course of this disease in the context of changing properties (aging) of both the innate and adaptive immunity in the elderly. In particular, the role of two key phenomena occurring in the aging immune system and precipitating or at least facilitating the aging-related diseases including COVID-19, namely the immunosenescence and inflammaging, is discussed.
Submersible pumps - application practice, technical requirements, development paths
Authors: Илеменов Михаил Валерьевич , Логинов Владимир Иванович , Ртищев Сергей Михайлович , Козырев Владимир Николаевич 
Published: December 2021

Проанализировано применение погружных (плавающих) насосов в насосно-рукавных комплексах. Рассмотрены их преимущества перед центробежными насосами, устанавливаемыми в мобильной пожарной технике. На основе практики применения и технических характеристик погружных насосов, производимых ведущими зарубежными фирмами, сформулированы технические требования для разработки отечественного погружного насоса. Кроме того, технические требования могут стать основой разработки национального стандарта для этого типа пожарно-технической продукции.
The article analyzes the results of operation of a relatively new type of centrifugal pump - a submersible (floating) centrifugal pump with a hydraulic drive. These pumps have a number of significant advantages over centrifugal pumps installed on mobile fire fighting equipment - they can be used to pump liquid from a mark up to minus 30 m. Since the suction pipe of such a pump is located directly in the pumped liquid (below the liquid mirror level), the phenomenon of cavitation is practically excluded. Submersible pumps are used to supply water in case of fire and for water disposal during the elimination of hazardous hydrological phenomena, both independently and in conjunction with centrifugal pumps installed on mobile fire fighting equipment (supply to pumping). All submersible pumps included in the set of hose-pumping complexes are of foreign production. The demand for such pumping units causes the need to develop domestic samples in order to get away from import dependence in the manufacture of pumping and hose systems and their operation. Based on the practice of using submersible pumps and the technical characteristics of submersible pumps produced by leading foreign companies, the following technical requirements for the development of a domestic submersible pump have been formulated. Pump delivery is 170-180 l ∙ s from the mark to minus 30 m. Water intake is possible both in equipped (adapted) and unequipped (unsuitable) places. In addition, the requirements for the hydraulic drive, weight and size characteristics, and some components have been formulated. In conclusion, some directions for the further development of pumping and hose systems and submersible pumping stations are considered.
Review of an experiment to study the propane discharge in a closed production area
Authors: Простов Евгений Евгеньевич 
Published: December 2021

В статье представлены результаты экспериментальных исследований истечения пропана в различных направлениях в закрытом помещении. Рассматривался случай, когда источник истечения находился в багажнике автомобиля - имитация нахождения автомобиля с газомоторным топливом на станции технического обслуживания. Целью эксперимента являлось изучение механизма пространственного распространения газа в закрытом помещении для валидации математических моделей, используемых в программном комплексе ANSYS Fluent при моделировании поступления пропана в закрытое помещение.
This scientific work describes a test conducted in a multidisciplinary test box on the testing training ground of the Orenburg branch of the All-Russian Research Institute for Fire Protection of EMERCOM of Russia. For the experiment there was built a room to simulate a service station (or parking box) for two cars. The frame was made of wooden bars and a plastic film was used to isolate the internal volume. The experimental installation consisted of a gas source with an internal diameter of 5 mm, located in the center of the room, and a system for gas supply and registration of experimental data from six gas analyzers SGOES-2 with a measurement range of pre-explosive concentrations from 0 to 100% of the lower concentration limit of flame propagation (NKPR) or a volume fraction from 0 to 1.7% with absolute ± 5% NKPR (in the range from 0 to 50% NKPR) and relative ± 10% NKPR (in the range from 50 to 100% NKPR) errors. In the center of the experimental room there was placed a car with the gas source in the trunk. All openings to the interior were insulated with plastic film and mounting foam. Natural cracks were left between the trunk lid and the body. The gas source is located in the trunk of the car and is directed towards the wide part of the trunk at an angle of 30 degrees relative to the floor (simulating the location of the gas cylinder used in cars). The gas analyzers were located along the wall, where the outflow is directed along the perimeter of the trunk, and one gas analyzer was located directly in the trunk behind the gas analyzer to control gas contamination. Propane has been released into the trunk with a constant flow rate of 2.8 m/h for 5 minutes. There were 8 test starts of the gas supply system (the flow vertically down), and then there were carried out 3 experiments per 3 series of tests in each. The purpose of the test was to study the mechanism of spatial gas propagation in an confined space for validation of mathematical models used in the ANSYS Fluent software package when modeling the propane intake into the confined space
About some directions of creation and operation of first aid fire trucks
Authors: Пичугин Александр Иванович , Старцев Владимир Иванович , Мичудо Дмитрий Генрихович , Навценя Николай Владимирович 
Published: December 2021

Рассмотрены основные концептуальные направления создания пожарных автомобилей первой помощи (АПП). Проанализирован проведенный управленческий эксперимент с использованием АПП в рамках обсуждения в 2003 году на совещании-семинаре по теме «О результатах эксперимента по применению новых технологий пожаротушения с целью определения оптимальных решений по их применению». Сформулирован ряд замечаний по конструкции и функциональным возможностям эксплуатации этого типа ПА. Приведен рейтинг потребности АПП с учетом вместимости их цистерны для воды. Представлены данные из литературных источников, отражающие направления их создания и эксплуатации.
The main conceptual directions in the creation of first aid fire trucks (APP) are considered. The standards for their creation and testing are presented. The importance of the presence of first aid in the fleet of fire trucks (PA), taking into account adaptation to operating conditions, is shown. The data on conducting a management experiment using the APP are presented as part of a discussion in 2003 at a meeting-seminar on the topic “On the results of an experiment on the use of new fire extinguishing technologies in order to determine optimal solutions for their application”. A number of remarks on the design and functionality of this type PA are made. The need rating in APP is given, taking into account the capacity of their water tank. Data from literature sources reflecting the directions of their creation and operation are presented.
STIGMA DAN KRIMINALITAS : STUDI KASUS STIGMA DUSUN BEGAL DI BANGKALAN MADURA
Authors: Dayanti Fitria , Legowo Martinus 
Published: December 2021

Adanya tindak kriminal begal di sebuah daerah membawa pengaruh buruk pada daerah tersebut. Kasus kriminal begal yang terjadi di Dusun Candih membawa permasalahan baru pada nama baik dan citra Dusun. Stigma dan pelabelan buruk mulai bermunculan pada dusun tersebut. Studi ini memfokuskan pada bentuk-bentuk stigma yang diterima oleh Masyarakat Dusun Candih, serta respon dari masyarakat atas stigma yang diberikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan subjek penelitian yakni tetuah dusun dan masyarakat asli Dusun Candih. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori stigma dari Erving Goffman. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan dengan wawancara mendalam, observasi lapangan, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis interaktif dengan langkah reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil dari penelitian ini yakni bentuk-bentuk stigma yang diterima oleh masyarakat Dusun Candih. Stigma yang ada bersifat verbal dan non verbal. Stigma verbal berupa julukan atau pelabelan pada dusun yakni julukan “Dusun Begal”. Sedangkan stigma non verbal berupa anggapan bahwa semua masyarakat Dusun Candih merupakan pelaku begal yang identik dengan kejahatan dan tindak kriminal. Selain itu stigma non verbal juga mengarah pada pandangan yang merendahkan atau bahkan menjelek-jelekkan masyarakat Dusun Candih.
Mapping the Pressure-dependent Day–Night Temperature Contrast of a Strongly Irradiated Atmosphere with HST Spectroscopic Phase Curve
Authors: Lew Ben W. P. , Apai Dániel , Zhou Yifan , Marley Mark , Mayorga L. C. , Tan Xianyu , Parmentier Vivien , Casewell Sarah , Xu (许偲艺) Siyi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Many brown dwarfs are on ultrashort-period and tidally locked orbits around white dwarf hosts. Because of these small orbital separations, the brown dwarfs are irradiated at levels similar to hot Jupiters. Yet, they are easier to observe than hot Jupiters because white dwarfs are fainter than main-sequence stars at near-infrared wavelengths. Irradiated brown dwarfs are, therefore, ideal hot Jupiter analogs for studying the atmospheric response under strong irradiation and fast rotation. We present the 1.1–1.67 μm spectroscopic phase curve of the irradiated brown dwarf (SDSS1411-B) in the SDSS J141126.20 + 200911.1 brown dwarf–white dwarf binary with the near-infrared G141 grism of the Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3. SDSS1411-B is a 50M
Jup brown dwarf with an irradiation temperature of 1300 K and has an orbital period of 2.02864 hr. Our best-fit model suggests a phase-curve amplitude of 1.4% and places an upper limit of 11° for the phase offset from the secondary eclipse. After fitting the white dwarf spectrum, we extract the phase-resolved brown dwarf emission spectra. We report a highly wavelength-dependent day–night spectral variation, with a water-band flux variation of about 360% ± 70% and a comparatively small J-band flux variation of 37% ± 2%. By combining the atmospheric modeling results and the day–night brightness temperature variations, we derive a pressure-dependent temperature contrast. We discuss the difference in the spectral features of SDSS1411-B and hot Jupiter WASP-43b, as well as the lower-than-predicted day–night temperature contrast of J4111-BD. Our study provides the high-precision observational constraints on the atmospheric structures of an irradiated brown dwarf at different orbital phases.
Primary extradural tumors of the spinal column
Authors: Arvind Varun , Nevzati Edin , Ghaly Maged , Nasim Mansoor , Farshad Mazda , Guggenberger Roman , Sciubba Daniel , Spiessberger Alexander 
Published: December 2021

Background:
In 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) published the 5th version of the soft tissue and bone tumor classification. Based on this novel classification system, we reviewed the current knowledge on all tumor entities with spinal manifestations, their biologic behavior, and most importantly the appropriate treatment options as well as surgical approaches.

Methods:
All tumor entities were extracted from the WHO Soft-Tissue and Bone Tumor Classification (5th Edition). PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for the published cases of spinal tumor manifestations for each entity, and the following characteristics were extracted: Growth pattern, ability to metastasize, peak age, incidence, treatment, type of surgical resection indicated, recurrence rate, risk factors, 5-year survival rate, key molecular or genetic alterations, and possible associated tumor syndromes. Surgical treatment strategies as well as nonsurgical treatment recommendations are presented based on the biologic behavior of each lesion.

Results:
Out of 163 primary tumor entities of bone and soft tissue, 92 lesions have been reported along the spinal axis. Of these 92 entities, 54 have the potential to metastasize. The peak age ranges from conatal lesions to 72 years. For each tumor entity, we present recommended surgical treatment strategies based on the ability to locally destruct tissue, to grow, recur after resection, undergo malignant transformation as well as survival rates. In addition, potential systemic treatment recommendations for each tumor entity are outlined.

Conclusion:
Based on the 5th Edition of the WHO bone and soft tumor classification, we identified 92 out of 163 tumor entities, which potentially can have spinal manifestations. Exact preoperative tissue diagnosis and interdisciplinary case discussions are crucial. Surgical resection is indicated in a significant subset of patients and has to be tailored to the specific biologic behavior of the targeted tumor entity based on the considerations outlined in detail in this article.
Foramen magnum meningioma
Authors: Fernandes Maick Willen , De Aguiar Paulo Henrique Pires , Galafassi Giovanna Zambo , De Aguiar Pedro Henrique Simm Pires , Raffa Paulo Eduardo Albuquerque Zito , Maldaun Marcos VinÍcius Calfat 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Meningiomas account for 2.2% to 2.5% of all cerebral tumors, of which only 2% are located in the foramen magnum. Foramen magnum meningiomas (FMMs) are commonly found in women, with a mean age at onset of 52 years old. They generally behave more aggressively than other meningiomas.

Materials and Methods:
We performed epidemiological, anatomical and surgical analyses of 20 patients diagnosed with FMMs who underwent surgical treatment from 1999 to 2019 at Santa Paula Hospital in Sao Paulo. This case series was compared with previously published ones to better understand this relatively rare disease.

Results:
Twenty patients were included, with a mean follow-up of 110 months. Their mean age was 37.8 years old. The mean preoperative Karnofsky performance status scale (KPS) was 84%. We found a female (65%) and left hemisphere predominance (50%). Involvement of both hemispheres was found in 25% of patients. FMM locations were anterior, anterolateral, lateral and posterior, in 45%, 35%, 10%, and 10%, respectively. Simpson resection grades I, II, and III were achieved in 25%, 60%, and 15% of cases, respectively. Mean postoperative KPS was 79%. Three patients with anterior and bilateral located meningiomas had a worse postoperative KPS in comparison to the preoperative one.

Conclusion:
Anterior and bilateral FMMs seem to be related to a worse prognosis. A gross total resection can reduce the recurrence rates. The KPS is worse in patients with recurrence.
UPDATED EDUCATIONAL CURICULUM FOR ENGLISH LANGUAGE LESSONS IN KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Ivanuna Yelena , Uteubayeva Elmira , Arsova Dilyana 
Published: December 2021

In the 2016-2017 academic year, an update of the education system and its content was introduced in Kazakhstan. Updating the content of education in the Republic of Kazakhstan sets itself the main goal - improving the pedagogical skills of teachers in the context of updating the educational program and introducing a system of criteria-based assessment. The article discusses the features of the updated content of education in the Republic of Kazakhstan, containing aspects of building knowledge acquisition based on Bloom's taxonomy. Here we have discussed: the details of taxonomy levels; a new structure of educational programs; the main differences from previous versions of educational programs compared to the updated version; criteria for assessing formative assessment; the tasks for the summative assessment of primary schoolchildren in English for the section and for the quarter; an example of a descriptor for assessing the mastery of knowledge in English lessons; the principle of the spiral approach in the preparation of programs within the framework of renewed education; the advantages of a training program using the spiral principle; Using the updated version, education should become competitive, high-quality, and, therefore, such that graduates of the Kazakh school can easily continue their studies in foreign universities
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN TERHADAP MANAJEMEN DIRI PADA PENDERITA PENYAKIT JANTUNG KORONER
Authors: Susanti Devi , Lastriyanti Lastriyanti , Haryono Sugeng 
Published: December 2021

Pendahuluan: Penyakit Jantung Koroner (PJK) adalah penyakit “silent killer” yang menyebabkan kematian mendadak. Penderita PJK akan mengalami serangan berulang dan akan menimbulkan dampak re -hospitalisasi bagi aspek fisik, psikologis, sosial dan ekonomi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan terhadap manajemen diri penderita PJK di RSAL Dr. Mintohardjo Jakarta.
Metode: Metode yang digunakan studi korelasi yaitu menganalisis hubungan tingkat pengetahuan dengan manajemen diri penderita PJK dengan rancangan cross sectional yaitu jenis penelitian yang menekankan waktu pengukuran data variabel independen dan dependen. Subjek adalah pasien PJK di poli jantung RSAL Dr. Mintohardjo Jakarta dengan teknik non probability sampling jenis consecutive sampling dengan 95 responden. Alat ukur menggunakan kuesioner data karakteristik, pengetahuan dan manajemen diri.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian bivariat bahwa 35,8% penderita PJK memiliki pengetahuan baik dan manajemen diri yang baik pula. Uji korelasi menggunakan Chi square dengan nilai p value 0,551. Nilai p > a 0,05 yang artinya tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan dengan manajemen diri penderita PJK.
Kesimpulan: Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah walaupun secara statistik tidak ada hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan manajemen diri, data pengamatan menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan manajemen diri ketika berpengetahuan baik dimana mungkin ada faktor lain yang lebih berpengaruh.
Research of features of career development of teachers in highly rated universities in Europe
Authors: Забелина Т.Г. 
Published: December 2021

Актуальность данной статьи обусловлена необходимостью изучения особенностей карьерного развития педагога в связи с имеющимися проблемами повышения квалификации в России. Автором сформулировано понятие «карьеры» как своеобразного контекста профессиональной деятельности педагога; выделены факторы, влияющие на развитие карьеры. Цель статьи заключается в исследовании зарубежного взгляда на построение карьерного пути педагога, классифицированы формы организации профессионального развития педагога. Автором утверждается важность изучения зарубежного опыта для переноса в сферу российского образования, его трансформации, взаимозависимость процесса управления профессиональной карьерой и профессионального развития педагога. На основе анализа особенностей карьерного развития за рубежом обозначены основные проблемы, связанные с успешным продвижением педагога в его профессиональной деятельности.
Статья предназначена для педагогов-исследователей, руководителей образовательных организаций высшего профессионального и дополнительного образования.
The relevance of this article is due to the need to study the features of a teacher's career development in connection with the existing problems of professional development in Russia. The author formulates the concept of "career" as a kind of context of a teacher's professional activity; the factors influencing career development are highlighted. The purpose of the article is to study the foreign view on the construction of the career path of a teacher, the forms of organization of professional development of a teacher are classified. The author asserts the importance of studying foreign experience for transfer to the sphere of Russian education, its transformation, the interdependence of the process of professional career management and professional development of a teacher. Based on the analysis of the features of career development abroad, the main problems associated with the successful promotion of a teacher in his professional activity are revealed.
The article is intended for teachers-researchers, heads of educational organizations of higher professional and additional education.
Produção de geopolimeros ativado alcalinamente utilizando resíduos de construção e demolição (RCD)
Authors: Cardoso Dilson Nazareno , Felipe Augusta Maria Paulain Ferreira , Rodrigues Emerson Cardoso , Ferreira Josiel Lobato , Alves e Álvares Letícia Eduarda , Oliveira Romero Moreira de , Santos Wenderson Gomes dos , Souza José Antônio da Silva 
Published: December 2021

Elaborou-se um material geopolimérico a partir de Resíduos de Construção e Demolição (RCD), selecionado e classificado em Resíduos de Cerâmica Vermelha (RCV) e Resíduos Cimentícios (RC). Os parâmetros avaliados estão em função do aumento de resistência à compressão por meio da variação da porcentagem de água no preparo, contribuindo assim como alternativa para o aproveitamento do RCD. O geopolímero foi produzido em três formulações C1, C2 e C3, variando a porcentagem de água, sendo a maior porcentagem no traço C1 e a menor no traço C3, utilizou-se RCV e RC como fontes de aluminossilicatos, hidróxido de sódio (NaOH) e silicato de sódio alcalino aquoso (SSAA) como solução ativadora, em proporções iguais para todas as formulações. Após 28 dias de cura à temperatura ambiente, foram realizados os ensaios de resistência à compressão, porosidade aparente. O traço C3 foi o que apresentou maior valor de resistência a compressão (13,76 MPa), o que o classifica, de acordo com a norma NBR 13281, como argamassa classe P6, tendo aplicação em assentamentos e revestimentos de paredes e tetos.