bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TLR4 Signaling Regulates Lysosome Exocytosis to a Novel Extracellular Compartment
Authors: Singh Rajesh K , Haka Abigail S , Chin Harvey F , Grosheva Inna , Maxfield Frederick R 
Published: June 2021

We have characterized a novel form of endocytosis in which macrophages use lysosome exocytosis to degrade large species, such as aggregated lipoproteins. Exocytosis is targeted to an extracellular, acidic, hydrolytic compartment (a lysosomal synapse) and its formation is dependent on TLR4 and its adaptor MyD88. Macrophage degradation of aggregated lipoproteins using the lysosomal synapse transforms them into foam cells, a key pathological feature of atherosclerotic plaques.Compartment formation is characterized by local actin polymerization, targeted secretion of lysosomal contents and generation of an acidic environment. These activities require carefully coordinated signal transduction processes. Using macrophages from knockout mice, siRNA silencing or pharmacological inhibitors, data identify phosphoinositide 3‐kinase, phosphoinositide‐dependent kinase 1, protein kinase B (Akt), Bruton's tyrosine kinase, phospholipase C, protein kinase C, soluble NSF attachment receptor (SNARE) proteins and calcium mobilization as important components downstream of TLR4/MyD88 leading to lysosome exocytosis to the lysosomal synapse.Efforts are currently underway to examine the relevance of this pathway to several other diseases, such as Alzheimer's, diabetes and cancer.
AMP‐activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) regulates TGF‐β1 Induced Fibronectin Expression in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells
Authors: Thakur Sachin , Viswanadhapalli Suryavathi , Gorin Yves , Abboud Hanna E 
Published: June 2021

Tubulointerstitial fibrosis is a main pathological feature of progressive renal disease. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) induces mesencymal cell characteristics in tubular epithelial cells including increased expression of fibronectin and α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA). We report that in cultured murine and primary human proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs), TGF‐β results in a decrease in AMPK phosphorylation on active site (Thr172) associated with increased fibronectin and α‐SMA. Activation of AMPK with AICAR or metformin or overexpression of constitutively active AMPK markedly reduced TGF‐β‐induced fibronectin and α‐SMA. Conversely, inhibition of AMPK with ARA or AMPK knockdown by siRNA enhanced basal as well as TGF‐β‐induced fibronectin and α‐SMA. The decrease in AMPK phosphorylation with TGF‐β was accompanied by a decrease in tuberin phosphorylation on Ser1387, the AMPK phosphorylated site that keeps tuberin active. Moreover, tuberin knockdown by siRNA in PTECs enhanced basal as well TGF‐β‐induced fibronectin and α‐SMACollectively, the data indicate that TGF‐β exerts its profibrotic actions via inactivation of AMPK and tuberin, and that AMPK activation attenuates PTECs injury. Our results suggest that AMPK activation represents a potential therapeutic target to prevent mesenchymal cell transition including extracellular matrix accumulation in progressive renal disease.This work was supported by NIH‐NIDDK grant RO1 DK078971 to HEA.
Extracellular Secretion of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS) Proteins by Alveolar Macrophages (AMs)
Authors: Bourdonnay Emilie , Penke Loka Raghu Kumar , Peters‐Golden Marc 
Published: June 2021

Many proteins once thought to be exclusively intracellular have been shown to be secreted into the extracellular space via unconventional pathways. SOCS proteins serve as critical brakes on immune activation by targeting STAT proteins, and have never been identified in the extracellular space. Here we investigated i) if SOCS proteins are secreted by AMs in vitro and in vivo; ii) if secreted SOCS proteins are biologically active; and iii) if their secretion proceeds by conventional or unconventional pathways.SOCS1 and 3 proteins were secreted constitutively by primary rat AMs and this was not explained by toxicity. In vivo, SOCS3 could be identified in BAL fluid of naïve mice. SOCS‐enriched conditioned medium from AMs inhibited IL‐6‐induced STAT3 and IFNγ‐induced STAT1 protein phosphorylation/activation in rat lung epithelial cells. Monensin, an inhibitor of conventional secretion, decreased secretion of TNF‐α but not that of SOCS proteins, suggesting unconventional secretion mechanisms are involved. Differential centrifugation revealed that SOCS3 protein was found in microparticles rather than exosomes.These studies show that SOCS 1 and 3 are secreted from AMs in vitro and in vivo, via the release of microparticles. We speculate that this represents a novel means of intercellular communication by which AMs can modulate lung immunity, for example by inhibiting JAK/STAT pathway in epithelial cells.This work was supported by U.S. National Institutes of Health grant HL058897 (M.P.‐G.) and an American Lung Association Senior Research Training Fellowship (E.B.).
Sweetened‐beverages, coffee, and tea in relation to depression among older US adults
Authors: Guo Xuguang , Chen Honglei 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUNDSweetened‐beverages, coffee and tea are commonly consumed worldwide and have important physical and mental health consequences.METHODSWe prospectively evaluated consumptions of these drinks in relation to depression among 263,925 older US adults. Beverage consumptions were assessed in 1995–1996, and 11,311 depression diagnoses since 2000 were identified in 2004–2006.RESULTSDrinking sweetened‐beverages was associated with higher depression risk, whereas coffee drinking was related to lower risk. The odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) comparing ¡Ý4 cans/cups per day with none were 1.30 (1.17C1.44) for soft drinks, 1.38 (1.15–1.65) for fruit punches, and 0.91 (0.84–0.98) for coffee (all P for trend < 0.0001). Further analysis revealed that the higher risk for sweetened beverages was primarily due to diet drinks. The ORs between extreme categories were 1.31 (1.16–1.47) for diet versus 1.22 (1.03–1.45) for regular soft drinks, 1.51 (1.18–1.92) for diet versus 1.08 (0.79–1.46) for regular fruit punch, and 1.25 (1.10–1.41) for diet versus 0.94 (0.83–1.08) for regular iced tea.CONCLUSIONSThis large prospective study suggests that frequent consumption of diet sweetened‐beverages increases depression risk among older adults.
Reducing stunting and obesity in young children: a quasi‐experimental design evaluation of a conditional transfer program in Dominican Republic
Authors: Unar Mishel , de Cossío Teresita González 
Published: June 2021

Solidaridad is a conditional transfer program for poverty alleviation operating in Dominican Republic since 2004. It includes nutritional supplements and cash transfers conditioned to educational sessions. Its evaluation is essential to avoid unnecessary costs or adverse effects. We estimated the association between being enrolled in Solidaridad and the nutritional status (Z‐height/ age, Z‐weight/height) of children <5y and breastfeeding practices (BF) in <36m. Social Protection Evaluation Survey 2010 was used to estimate the average treatment on the treated compared to a matched control group (n=1,179), created through propensity score matching using four algorithms: (1) weighted least squares regression, (2) nearest neighbor, (3) kernel and (4) one to one. The treated had a stunting −5.6 to −7.0pp (p<0.001 except one to one), and an overweight and obesity −7.0 to −8.7pp (p<0.05 all algorithms) lower than control. No statistical association with Solidaridad was found in early initiation or duration of lactation, or on exclusive BF. Results suggest that in children <5y Solidaridad improves growth and protects from excessive weight gain, prevalent in the country, probably due to educational component and restrictions in the type of food available in defined food markets. Since BF prevalence is the lowest in Latin America, findings suggest that BF practices be enhanced to get closer to WHO recommendations.This study was supported by Interamerican Development Bank (BID) and Dominican Republic Central Bank (BCRD) through the contest Conocer + Social Protection Evaluation Survey.
Impact of Conditional Transfer Programs in Panama on Food and Nutrient Intakes and Anthropometric Status of Ngabe Preschool Children
Authors: Koski Kristine , Halpenny Carli , Sheung Jeffrey , Valdés Victoria E , Sinisterra Odalis , Scott Marilyn E 
Published: June 2021

Conditional cash transfer (CT) and food voucher (FV) programs aim to improve child nutritional status. Our goals were: (1) to describe food group and macro‐ and micronutrient intakes of 315 Ngabe preschool children whose families participated in either a CT or a FV program and (2) to determine which foods or nutrients were associated with higher HAZ scores. We collected 3–4 24‐hr dietary recalls over 16 mo along with HAZ and measured chronicity of protozoan infection and GI nematode burden. Nutrient and food group predictors of HAZ were identified using multiple linear regression while controlling for household assets, infections and program participation.The uniformly inadequate intakes for macro‐ and micronutrients differed by program participation. Stunted children from the CT program had higher intakes of energy and carbohydrate (bread, chips/crackers, juice crystals). In contrast stunted children from the FV program had lower intakes of protein and fat. Multiple linear regression models revealed that meat, bread and juice crystals but not sweets increased HAZ in the FV region. In the CT region, pasta and corn products were positive predictors but root vegetables and green bananas were negative predictors of HAZ. However, models that included infections captured more variability (29% vs 5%) suggesting that HAZ is influenced not only by diet but also by infection. (Funding: SENACYT – Panama and IDRC – Canada)
Microbiological Analyses of beverages: in natura orange juice, sugar cane and coffee produced and sold in streets of Sao Paulo.
Authors: Chaud Daniela Maria Alves , Abreu Edeli Simioni , Acosta Maria Beatriz Riverón , Pereira Isabela Rosier Olimpio , Maffei Ananda Joanni , Silva Anne Caroline Pegorelli , Bayer Bianca Soares , Benedetti Bruna Scatigno , Moraes Thais Regina Barca 
Published: June 2021

Food and beverages products sold in street are a growing global trend. In natura products have recognized nutritional and functional proprieties; on the other hand, its sanitary aspects are a crucial concern because of the risk of food‐borne diseases, due to the lack of minimal structure at manipulating the foods.ObjectiveTo evaluate the microbiological quality of in natura beverages: juice, coffee and sugar cane produced and sold in streets.MethodsIt has been collected four samples of each product (orange juice, coffee and sugar cane) in the streets near the subway downtown Sao Paulo, Brazil. It has been immediately analyzed for microbial burden, fungi and yeasts, fecal and thermotolerant coliforms, and Enterobacteriaceae Salmonella and Shigella.ResultsTotal coliforms have been shown in all samples, in contrast to fecal ones. Staphylococcus aureus have been observed in sugar cane. Streptococci beta‐haemolytic were absence in all samples, but alpha‐haemolytic were in sugar cane and in orange juice. In all cases the count of aerobic mesophilic was bigger then 106.ConclusionThese results indicate the unsatisfactory microbiological quality for human intake, that denotes the lack of basic knowledge about manipulation of food and the relevant application of that.
Impact of Mid Day Meal Program on the Nutritional Status of Rural School Children: A Comparative Study with or without NGO Intervention
Authors: Dhaundiyal Geetika , Iyer Uma M 
Published: June 2021

Mid Day Meal Program (MDMP) has recently seen an increased involvement by non‐governmental organizations (NGO) but its effectiveness on nutritional outcomes has not been evaluated. The objective of the study was to perform a comparative assessment of MDMP with or without NGO intervention on the growth and hemoglobin status of school children (5–14 years) in rural Gujarat. Five schools, serving mid day meal (MDM) by an NGO were compared to one school which was served MDM directly by the Government (non‐NGO). A total of 1088 children from Gandhinagar district (NGO area) and 282 children in Dehgam district (non‐NGO area) participated in the study. Weight and height were measured using standard procedures. Hemoglobin was measured on a sub sample of 168 children. After 4 months of MDMP intervention children in NGO area had a greater increase in body weight (1.19kg vs 590 g, P<0.001), BMI (0.43 kg/m2vs 0.09 kg/m2, P<0.001) and a greater reduction in prevalence of anemia (16.9% vs 1%, P<0.01). There was a significant rise of 4% in the prevalence of stunting (Height for age <−2SD) in non‐NGO area using CDC 2000 criteria (p<0.01). On the other hand NGO area had a 9% reduction in prevalence of thinness (BMI for age <−2SD) using CDC 2000 criteria (P<0.01). Our data show that NGO executed MDMP have better nutritional outcomes in school going children than MDMP executed by the Government.Grant Funding Source: MS University of Baroda, Gujarat, India
Macronutrient Intake and Body Composition of Pulmonary TB Patients in Tbilisi, Georgia
Authors: Frediani Jennifer , Sanikidze Eka , Gegechkori Maia , Tukvadze Nestani , Kempker Russell , Hebbar Gautam , Blumberg Henry 
Published: June 2021

AimTo evaluate habitual dietary intake of macronutrients and links with body composition in TB patients in Tbilisi, Georgia.MethodDietary intake was obtained from patients at TB diagnosis using a tool that captures specific foods common in Georgian culture. Foods consumed during the previous 3 days were determined by one‐on‐one interviews. Food intake data was entered into the NDS‐R software program and mean daily macronutrient intake determined. Body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) and body composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis were determined. Descriptive statistics, unpaired t‐tests and linear regression methods were used.ResultsIn the 199 subjects (mean age 34 y; 64% male), BMI averaged 20.9±3.5 (SD) kg/m2; fat mass was 21.7±10.7% and fat‐free mass was 78.3±10.7% of body weight. Total energy intake averaged 54±21 kcal/kg/day (35% fat, 55% CHO and 12% protein). Protein intake averaged 1.6±0.7 g/kg/day. Underweight subjects (BMI ≤ 18.5 kg/m2; n=43) consumed more total energy (64±21 vs. 51±21 kcal/kg/d; p=0.0007), protein (1.9±0.7 vs. 1.5±0.7; p=0.0008) and fat (2.4±1.0 vs. 2.0±1.0 g/kg/d; p=0.0254) vs. those with BMI >; 18.5 kg/m2 (n=149). BMI negatively correlated with calorie, fat and protein intake, respectively (p=0.001).ConclusionsTB patients in Tbilisi, Georgia exhibited a low‐normal BMI, were generally lean and 22% were underweight. Overall, subjects consumed a high‐kcal, high‐protein diet from mixed nutrient food sources. Underweight patients consumed significantly higher amounts of macronutrients than non‐underweight patients.Grant Funding Source: NIH D43 TW007124, D43 TW007124‐06S, K24 RR023356, UL1 RR025008, Emory Global Health Institute
Misreporting of BMI is associated with misreporting of dietary intake among US adults
Authors: Poti Jennifer M , Mendez Michelle A , Popkin Barry M 
Published: June 2021

The association between error in body mass index (BMI) calculated from reported weight and height and dietary misreporting is unclear.To estimate this association and its impact on diet‐disease relationships, we studied 1,405 adults 20–60 y from the 2007–08 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Error in BMI was defined as measured BMI (BMIM) minus reported BMI (BMIR). Dietary under‐reporters (26.4%) and over‐reporters (1.3%) were classified using the revised Goldberg method to compare physical activity level with energy intake from 24‐hr recalls. Multivariable linear regression estimated the association between BMI error and dietary misreporting. Estimates of BMI‐diet relations were compared using BMIM vs BMIR and with or without adjustment for dietary misreporting.Holding BMI constant, error in BMI was significantly associated with dietary under‐reporting (β = −0.33; 95% CI = −0.59, −0.08). BMI‐diet associations were stronger using BMIM vs BMIR, but differed with adjustment for dietary misreporting among men but not women. For example, adjustment for dietary misreporting was needed to yield a significant difference in BMIM for the highest vs lowest fruit intake among men (β = −1.14; 95% CI = −2.21, −0.06) but not women (β = −2.34; 95% CI = −4.07, −0.60).Misreporting of BMI and dietary intake are associated, but the impact of this joint error on BMI‐diet associations varied by gender and food group.Grant Funding Source: Funding for this study comes from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (Grant 67506) and the National Institutes of Health (R01 HL104580 and CPC 5 R24 HD050924).
Development of dietary methyl score using plasma homocysteine level in the large two US cohort study
Authors: Jung Seungyoun , Je Youjin , Giovannucci Edward , Willet Walter C. , Rosner Bernard , Ogino Shuji , Cho Eunyoung 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundsOne‐carbon metabolism, crucial in DNA synthesis and genomic stability, is a metabolic pathway where nutrients are networked interdependently. The development of comprehensive score integrating the interconnected nutrients within the pathway is necessary.MethodsA total of 3,283 participants with measured plasma total homocysteine (tHCY) levels in the Nurses’ Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow‐up Study were randomly divided into the training (n=2,626) and the testing subset (n=657). Dietary methyl score predicting plasma tHCY were derived with the known one carbon metabolism related nutrients (alcohol, folate, vitamin B2, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, betaine, choline, and methionine) in the training set using the multivariate linear regression. The correlation of the dietary methyl score with plasma tHCY levels was assessed in the testing set.ResultsThe known one‐carbon nutrients explained 29% of the variation of plasma tHCY in the multivariate prediction model (model r2 = .29).Vitamin B2 were the strongest predictor, followed by folate, alcohol, betaine, vitamin B6, and methionine (P<.05). Intake of choline, and vitamin B12 were non‐significant and were taken out from the score calculation. Our dietary methyl score derived from the coefficient of the multivariate prediction model was positively correlated with the plasma tHCY in the testing set (Pearson correlation r=0.28, P = <.001; plasma tHCY range= 10–14 umol/L comparing extreme deciles of the dietary methyl score).ConclusionsDietary methyl score predicted plasma tHCY level significantly. The complexity in the one‐carbon metabolism may be better reflected in the dietary methyl score.
Associations of Intake of Fruits and Vegetables with Hypertriglyceridemia in Korean Adults: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) 2007–2009
Authors: Yuan Changzheng , Lee Hae‐Jeung , Lee Hye‐Seung H. , Willett Walter C. , Stampfer Meir J. , Kim Cho‐il , Cho Eunyoung 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundLimited research has been conducted on the effect of intake of fruits and vegetables (FV) on hypertriglyceridemia (HTG), especially in Asia.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional evaluation of 7934 adults aged 19–64 years from the fourth Korean Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. FV intake was estimated from food frequency questionnaires for the past year. Subgroups of FV included citrus/non‐citrus fruits, cruciferous/green leafy vegetables and carotene‐rich FV. HTG was defined as fasting blood triglycerides level ≥150mg/dl.ResultsThere were 2001(25.2%) cases of HTG. Total fruit intake was significantly inversely associated with the prevalence of HTG; the multivariate odds ratios (95% CIs) of HTG across increasing quintiles of total fruit intake were 1.00 (ref), 0.64 (0.53, 0.77), 0.67 (0.56, 0.80), 0.69 (0.58, 0.82), and 0.77 (0.65, 0.91). Similar inverse associations were found for citrus/non‐citrus fruits. However we found no significant association between intake of total vegetables/vegetable subgroups and HTG, the odds ratio for top vs. bottom quintile was 0.95 (0.79–1.13) for total vegetables intake.ConclusionsIntake of fruits and fruits subgroup (but not vegetables) was strongly associated with reduced prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia. Our findings support a potential beneficial role of fruit consumption to reduce blood triglyceride levels in Asian population.Grant Funding Source: None
Anti‐diabetic effects of anthocyanins isolated from Korean purple sweet potato, “Shinzami”
Authors: Jang Hwan‐Hee , Kim Sang‐Mi , Kim Sung‐Hee , Kim Jung‐Bong , Lee Young‐Min 
Published: June 2021

The purpose of our study is to evaluate the anti‐diabetic effects of and anthocyanin fraction (AF) and twelve individual anthocyanins which are major components of Korean purple sweet potato. In vitro study, the glucose uptake rate was measured by adding fluorescent D‐glucose analogue 2‐[N‐(7‐nitrobenz‐2‐oxa 1,3‐diazol‐4yl) amino]‐2‐deoxy (2‐NBDG) in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells and HepG2 hepatoma cells. AF and twelve anthocyanins were treated at concentration of 100 ug/mL and 10 μM, respectively. In C2C12 myotubes, peak 2, 3, and 11 significantly increased the uptake of 2‐NBDG compared with 1 μM insulin (p<0.05). However, the uptake of 2‐NBDG in HepG2 cells was not significantly increased by treatment of anthocyanins. In vivo study was performed using C57BL/6J mice fed 60% high‐fat diet for 17 weeks. After a single oral administration of AF (96 or 300 mg/kg), four anthocyanins (96 mg/kg), or positive control (metformin: 96 mg/kg) and then blood glucose levels were evaluated at 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6h. Although not statistically significant, blood glucose level showed a tendency of decrease in peak 9 and 14 treatment groups compared with the positive control. These results suggested anthocyanins isolated from Korean purple sweet potato can be helpful to prevent diabetes.This study was supported by the research project (PJ008839) of National Academy of Agricultural Science, Republic of Korea.
Is Exposure to Bisphenol‐A and Phthalates Associated with Obesity, Metabolic Disturbances and Insulin Resistance among U.S. adults?
Authors: Beydoun Hind , Khanal Suraj , Zonderman Alan B , Beydoun May 
Published: June 2021

Emerging evidence suggests that exposure to endocrine disruptors may initiate or exacerbate adiposity and associated health problems. This study examined the associations of urinary levels of bisphenol‐A (BPA) and phthalates with several adiposity‐related conditions among U.S. adults, namely, obesity, insulin resistance and metabolic disturbances. Secondary data analyses were performed using a sample of 3,566 participants from the 2005–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Levels of BPA and 15 phthalate metabolites were defined in quartiles. Multivariate linear and logistic regression models for the hypothesized relationships were constructed after controlling for age, sex, race, education, marital status, smoking status, physical activity, total dietary intake and urinary creatinine level. BPA was positively associated with body mass index and negatively associated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol and diastolic blood pressure. Moreover, a positive relationship was observed for BPA level with triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL and insulin resistance. By contrast, total phthalates were not associated with the outcomes of interest after controlling for confounders. Prospective cohort studies are needed to examine BPA and phthalates as determinants of obesity, insulin resistance and other adiposity‐related conditions.Grant Funding Source: None