bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of Monitor Doses in Neutron Therapy Using the U-120 Cyclotron
Authors: Lisin V. 
Published: December 2021

Purpose Analyze the various methods for determining the monitor doses in neutron therapy using the U-120 cyclotron and to choose the monitoring method that provides the highest accuracy in dose delivery to the tumor.
Material and methods The distributions of the absorbed dose of the therapeutic beam from the U-120 cyclotron were measured in a tissue-equivalent medium using the differential method, in which two ionization chambers with different sensitivity to neutron radiation were used. A comparison of radiation effects on tissues using various techniques of determining the monitor doses was made. The linear-quadratic model was used to assess responses to ionizing radiation.
Results Dosimetry studies revealed that the therapeutic beam of the U-120 cyclotron contains concomitant gamma radiation, the contribution of which to the total neutron-photon dose increases with increasing depth of the irradiated medium. The presence of gamma radiation in the neutron beam dictate the need to find the correct method for monitoring neutron therapy. A comparison of radiation effects on the tumor tissue using different techniques of determining the monitor doses was made. It was found that at equal neutron-photon doses, the neutron dose in the tumor changed depending on its depth. It can lead to an incorrect conclusion about the effectiveness of neutron therapy depending on a single dose as well as in relation to various dose fractionation schedules.
Conclusion The analysis of the results obtained showed that the problem can be most accurately solved using a technique in which the monitor coefficient and monitor doses are determined from the distribution of the neutron dose, taking into account the contribution of the gamma radiation dose to the total neutron-photon dose.
Generation and characterization of isolated attosecond pulses at 100  kHz repetition rate
Authors: Witting Tobias , Osolodkov Mikhail , Schell Felix , Morales Felipe , Patchkovskii Serguei , Šušnjar Peter , Cavalcante Fabio H. M. , Menoni Carmen S. , Schulz Claus P. , Furch Federico J. , Vrakking Marc J. J. 
Published: December 2021

The generation of coherent light pulses in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) spectral region with attosecond pulse durations constitutes the foundation of the field of attosecond science. Twenty years after the first demonstration of isolated attosecond pulses, they continue to be a unique tool enabling the observation and control of electron dynamics in atoms, molecules, and solids. It has long been identified that an increase in the repetition rate of attosecond light sources is necessary for many applications in atomic and molecular physics, surface science, and imaging. Although high harmonic generation (HHG) at repetition rates exceeding 100 kHz, showing a continuum in the cutoff region of the XUV spectrum, was already demonstrated in 2013, the number of photons per pulse was insufficient to perform pulse characterization via attosecond streaking, let alone to perform a pump-probe experiment. Here we report on the generation and full characterization of XUV attosecond pulses via HHG driven by near-single-cycle pulses at a repetition rate of 100 kHz. The high number of

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XUV photons per pulse on target enables attosecond electron streaking experiments through which the XUV pulses are determined to consist of a dominant single attosecond pulse. These results open the door for attosecond pump-probe spectroscopy studies at a repetition rate 1 or 2 orders of magnitude above current implementations.
Ausgestaltungs- und Anwendungspotenziale von Virtual und Augmented Reality Technologien im Kontext von Coworking Spaces
Authors: Mirbabaie Milad , Hofeditz Lennart , Schmid Leon 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungCoworking Spaces (CSPs) sind geteilte Arbeitsplätze für Selbstständige, Freelancer*innen, Mikrounternehmen und Startups, die Isolation entgegenwirken und zum interdisziplinären Wissensaustausch anregen können. Jedoch existieren auch Barrieren, die Nutzer*innen davon abhalten, zu anderen Coworker*innen Kontakt aufzunehmen, da oft unklar ist, wann und ob jemand zum kreativen Austausch oder zum Anbieten von Hilfe bereit ist. Durch die Covid-19 Pandemie wurde die Unsicherheit bei der gegenseitigen Kontaktaufnahme noch weiter erschwert und viele CSPs mussten zeitweise schließen. Um Barrieren bei der Kontaktaufnahme zu reduzieren und die interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit zu fördern, können Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien eingesetzt werden. Virtual Reality (VR) und Augmented Reality (AR) sind Technologien, die sich durch einen besonders hohen Grad an Immersion und sozialer Präsenz auszeichnen. Deshalb zeigen wir in diesem Beitrag, wie VR- und AR-Technologien gezielt eingesetzt werden können, um den interdisziplinären Wissensaustausch und Zusammenarbeit sowohl in CSPs als auch ortsunabhängig zu fördern. Dazu präsentieren wir positive Effekte, die durch den Einsatz einer der beiden Technologien im Zusammenhang mit CSPs erzielt werden können und leiten konkrete Gestaltungsempfehlungen für Anwendungsentwickler*innen, Unternehmen sowie Betreiber*innen von CSPs ab. Diese Gestaltungsempfehlungen basieren sowohl auf den neuesten Erkenntnissen aus der Fachliteratur als auch auf Interviews mit Expert*innen aus Forschung und Praxis mit Erfahrung im Bereich CSPs, VR und AR. Unsere Anwendungsszenarien können Entwickler*innen, Unternehmen und Betreiber*innen von CSPs als Grundlage dienen, vom Einsatz beider Technologien zu profitieren.
Different domains of dengue research in the Philippines: A systematic review and meta-analysis of questionnaire-based studies
Authors: Guad Rhanye Mac , Carandang Rogie Royce , Solidum Judilynn N. , W. Taylor-Robinson Andrew , Wu Yuan Seng , Aung Yin Nwe , Low Wah Yun , Sim Maw Shin , Sekaran Shamala Devi , Azizan Nornazirah 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundDengue is the most rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral disease of humans worldwide, including southeast Asia region. This review provides a comprehensive overview of questionnaire-related dengue studies conducted in the Philippines and evaluates their reliability and validity in these surveys.MethodsA review protocol constructed by a panel of experienced academic reviewers was used to formulate the methodology, research design, search strategy and selection criteria. An extensive literature search was conducted between March–June 2020 in various major electronic biomedical databases including PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE and ScienceDirect. A systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) were selected as the preferred item reporting method.ResultsOut of a total of 34 peer-reviewed dengue-related KAP studies that were identified, 15 published from 2000 to April 2020 met the inclusion criteria. Based on the meta-analysis, a poor mean score was obtained for each of knowledge (68.89), attitude (49.86) and preventive practice (64.69). Most respondents were equipped with a good knowledge of the major clinical signs of dengue. Worryingly, 95% of respondents showed several negative attitudes towards dengue prevention, claiming that this was not possible and that enacting preventive practices was not their responsibility. Interestingly, television or radio was claimed as the main source of gaining dengue information (range 50–95%). Lastly, only five articles (33.3%) piloted or pretested their questionnaire before surveying, of which three reported Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (range 0.70 to 0.90).ConclusionThis review indicates that to combat the growing public health threat of dengue to the Philippines, we need the active participation of resident communities, full engagement of healthcare personnel, promotion of awareness campaigns, and access to safe complementary and alternative medicines. Importantly, the psychometric properties of each questionnaire should be assessed rigorously.
Eleições 2018 à luz da Folha de S. Paulo: a intersecção religiosa e neoliberal no discurso jornalístico
Authors: Vaz Aline , Barba Santos Marcela , Prado Junior Tarcis 
Published: December 2021

O estudo objetiva discutir como os tópicos religião e neoliberalismo se articulam no discurso jornalístico, durante as eleições presidenciais de 2018. Como corpus desta pesquisa, seleciona-se 69 notícias, que interseccionam menções religiosas e neoliberais, veiculadas no caderno especial “Eleições 2018” do jornal Folha de São Paulo. A partir de questões relacionadas às temáticas, religiosidades e candidatos em destaque, o estudo se desenvolve por meio de uma análise sistemática de conteúdo, incluindo a categorização e codificação das notícias. Logo, buscando perceber a confluência entre religião e neoliberalismo, durante a eleição corrente, conseguimos observar que o material jornalístico em estudo valorizou um discurso associado a moral e a segurança individual do sujeito, por vezes, apontando o cinismo e até mesmo as ditas fakenews.
Lack of Effect of Gluten Challenge on Fecal Microbiome in Patients With Celiac Disease and Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity
Authors: Nobel Yael R. , Rozenberg Felix , Park Heekuk , Freedberg Daniel E. , Blaser Martin J. , Green Peter H.R. , Uhlemann Anne-Catrin , Lebwohl Benjamin 
Published: December 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Celiac disease (CD) may be associated with gut microbial dysbiosis. Whether discrete gluten exposure in subjects with well-controlled disease on a gluten-free diet impacts the gut microbiome is unknown and may have implications for understanding disease activity and symptoms. We conducted a prospective study to evaluate the impact of gluten exposure on the gut microbiome in patients with CD and nonceliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS).

METHODS:
Subjects with CD (n = 9) and NCGS (n = 8) previously on a gluten-free diet were administered a 14-day gluten challenge (5 g of gluten per day) and compared with controls (n = 8) on a usual gluten-containing diet. Stool was collected for fecal microbiome analysis using 16S rRNA gene and metagenomic sequencing before, during, and after the gluten challenge. Symptoms were assessed using 2 validated clinical scales.

RESULTS:
Among subjects with CD and NCGS, there were no significant fecal microbial changes in response to gluten challenge. Gut microbiome composition differed among controls, subjects with CD, and subjects with NCGS at baseline, and these differences persisted despite gluten exposure. Gastrointestinal and general health symptoms reported by subjects with CD and NCGS were worst in the middle of gluten challenge and lessened by its end, with no consistent associations with gut microbiome composition.

DISCUSSION:
Pre-existing fecal microbiome diversity was unaffected by gluten challenge in adult subjects with CD and NCGS. These findings suggest that current microbiome status is unrelated to current disease activity and disease severity.
Arabic Language Education Program at Islamic Boarding School Ibnul Qoyyim Putri Yogyakarta: Study of Code Mixing, Code Switching, and Interference
Authors: Muhajir  , Karomah Siti 
Published: December 2021

This study aims to determine code-mixing, code-switching, and Arabic interference in the Arabic language education program at the Ibnul Qoyyim Putri Islamic Boarding School in Yogyakarta. It is based on two arguments; First, code-mixing, code-switching, and language interference are language “diseases” that are sociological and will be hereditary, especially in a particular program. So far, studies on sociolinguistics have separated code-mixing, code-switching, and interference, even though all three are interrelated. This study raises two issues: the forms of code-mixing, code-switching, and interference, and the causes of these three things. This research is qualitative research, with the methods used in this research being observation, interviews, and documentation. While the theory used is Fishman’s sociolinguistic theory of language in a socio-cultural context. The results of this study indicate that; First, code-switching that occurs in Arabic education programs Pondok Pesantren Ibnul Qoyyim Putri Yogyakarta is a form of code-switching at the word and phrase level, while the code-mixing that occurs is at the word level. The interference that occurs includes phonological, morphological, syntactic, and semantic interference. Second, code-switching, mixing, and interference in Arabic language education programs are caused by the instructors’ lack of a correct model and inadequate mastery of Arabic theory.
Ungdomens poetiska form
Authors: Stenbeck Evelina 
Published: December 2021

The Poetic Form of Youth: The Rebellious Power of Language and Desire in the Anthologies Kärlek och uppror and Berör och förstör
Siv Widerberg and Anna Artén’s poetry anthology Kärlek och uppror: 210 dikter för unga människor (Love and Rebellion: 210 Poems for Young People, 1989) is something of a classic when it comes to Swedish contemporary poetry explicitly addressing young readers. Thirty years after its publication another poetry anthology, Berör och förstör: Dikter för unga (Affect and Destroy: Poems for Youth, 2019), edited by Athena Farrokhzad and Kristofer Folkhammar, was published. Both books tap into a long tradition of lyrical anthologies. Neither of the anthologies contain poetry written primarily for young readers. On the contrary, the anthologies include poems from the Swedish lyrical canon. Although the two anthologies share a similar structure and joint themes such as youth, love, poetry, and rebellion, they are significantly different in regard to poetic form and the conceptualizations of youth. The main theoretical perspective in this study is that the form of the anthologized poems can be understood as ideological expressions of an interplay between the genre's tradition and its specific aesthetic context. By historizing the genre and comparing the different paratexts of the anthologies, the article shows that adult conceptions of youth hides behind the editorial choices. In a quest to (re)create new writing subjects, through the rebellious powers of poetic language and love, the symbolic form of youth poetry both challenges and negates adult notions of youth in the two anthologies.
Plagiarism as a Culturally-Motivated Crime
Authors: Grudecki Michał Roman 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The article discusses the possibility of classifying plagiarism as a culturally motivated crime. Creating works, especially written works, is strongly related to culture as well as to knowledge and skills acquired during education. Therefore, plagiarism can be perceived as a culturally-conditioned act, and, thus, differently perceived depending upon the culture with which the artist identifies themselves. The author juxtapose two legal orders, namely of countries where plagiarism is a crime and those where the failure to mark the authorship of a work results from the customs prevailing in their culture, i.e. societies influenced by Confucian philosophy. The research goal is to raise the hypothesis and determine whether the perpetrator of culturally motivated plagiarism can use one of the tools indicated in criminal law, the so-called cultural defense.
Smoking influence on early and late fetal growth
Authors: Fernandez-Rodriguez Beatriz , Gomez Ana Roche , Jimenez Moreno Blanca Sofia , de Alba Concepción , Galindo Alberto , Villalain Cecilia , Pallás Carmen , Herraiz Ignacio 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Smoking during pregnancy is a leading and modifiable risk factor for fetal growth restriction (FGR) and low birthweight (<10th centile). We studied the effects of smoking in the development of early and late FGR or low birthweight, as well as in uteroplacental and fetoplacental hemodynamics of growth-restricted fetuses.

Methods
Retrospective cohort study of 5,537 consecutive singleton pregnancies delivered at ≤34 + 0 (“early delivery” group, n=95) and >34 + 0 (“late delivery” group, n=5,442) weeks of gestation. Each group was divided into smokers and non-smokers. Prenatal diagnosis of FGR was based on customized fetal growth standards and fetal Doppler, and postnatal birthweight was assessed using the Olsen newborn chart.

Results
There were 15/95 (15.8%) and 602/5,442 (11.1%) smokers in the early and late delivery groups, respectively. In early deliveries, FGR was diagnosed in 3/15 (20%) of smokers and in 20/80 (25%) of non-smokers (p=0.68). We also found no differences in birthweights and hemodynamics. In late deliveres, FGR was detected in 30/602 (5%) smokers and 64/4,840 (1.3%) non-smokers (p<0.001). Birthweights <3rd centile and <10th centile were more common in smokers vs. non-smokers: 38/602 (6.3%) vs. 87/4,840 (1.8%) and 89/602 (14.8%) vs. 288/4,840 (6%), respectively (all p<0.01). Fetal Doppler of late FGR showed slightly higher umbilical artery resistances in smokers.

Conclusions
Smoking in pregnancy is associated with FGR, low birthweight and higher umbilical artery Doppler resistances after 34 weeks of gestation, but we could not confirm this association in earlier deliveries.
Optimization of the TiO2 nanofluid as a coolant in the VVER-1000 nuclear reactor based on the thermal reactivity feedback coefficients via the genetic algorithm
Authors: Kianpour R. , Ansarifar G. R. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to display the neutronic simulation of nanofluid application to reactor core. The variations of VVER-1000 nuclear reactor primary neutronic parameters are investigated by using different volume fraction of nanofluid as coolant. The effect of using nanofluid as coolant on reactor dynamical parameters which play an important role in the dynamical analysis of the reactor and safety core is calculated. In this paper coolant and fuel temperature reactivity coefficients in a VVER-1000 nuclear reactor with nanofluid as a coolant are calculated by using various volume fractions and different sizes of TiO2 (Titania) nanoparticle. For do this, firstly the equivalent cell of the hexagonal fuel rod and the surrounding coolant nanofluid is simulated. Then the thermal hydraulic calculations are performed at different volume fractions and sizes of the nanoparticle. Then, using WIMS and CITATION codes, the reactor core is simulated and the effect of coolant and fuel temperature changes on the effective multiplication factor is calculated.
For doing optimization, an artificial neural network is trained in MATLAB using the observed data. The different sizes and various volume fractions are inputs, fuel and coolant temperature reactivity coefficients are outputs. The optimal size and volume fraction is determined using the neural network by implementing the genetic algorithms. In the optimization, volume fraction of 7% and size 77 nm are optimal values.
Review and outlook of the integral test facility PKL III corresponding studies
Authors: Xu H. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper reviews an important integral test facility (ITF) named PKL (primary loop in German), which is designed based on a 4-loop pressurized water reactor (PWR) with the power 1 300 MWe, and especially concentrates on two aspects: (1) the tests at each developmental period of the facility until 2020, which is a typical microcosm of nuclear safety research; (2) the simulation of the PKL facility tests by using system thermal-hydraulic (STH) codes, especially RELAP5, TRACE and ATHLET. The results from the literature showed that all of these codes could reproduce the accident scenarios on the PKL facility to some extent, and simulate the complex phenomena both in the reactor pressurized vessel (RPV) and in the loops well, except some local phenomena (e. g., peak cladding temperature (PCT)). Furthermore, this paper presents some suggestions on PKL further tests. Especially, the sensitivity studies of initial conditions (ICs) and boundary conditions (BCs), test studies related to Extensive damage mitigation guidelines (EDMGs) and FLEX strategies, anticipated transients without scram (ATWS), detailed core section model, combination with other ITF or separate effects test (SET) facilities, and tests on advanced conception reactors are emphasized.
Blood indices and circulating tumor cells for predicting metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation
Authors: Zhuang Li , Liu Xiang-Yan , Zhu Heng-Kai , Wang Zhuo-Yi , Zhang Wu , Jiang Guo-Ping , Zheng Shu-Sen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Liver transplantation (LT) can benefit the long-term survival of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. We hypothesized that circulating tumor cell (CTC) levels and subtypes are intimately associated with metastasis status of HCC patients. This study was designed to test that compositive hematological indices including CTC can provide a prediction of post-LT metastasis.

Methods
Between 2017 and 2018, 37 HCC patients within Hangzhou criteria receiving LT were included for analysis. The 24-month follow-up was mainly conducted by outpatient and telephone. Blood samples were collected, and hematological indices were examined. The outcomes such as PFS, recurrence, metastasis, location of recurrence/metastasis, and number of metastases were recorded.

Results
The follow-up analysis showed that microvascular invasion (MVI) classification at the baseline is associated with metastasis. Next, α-fetoprotein (AFP) level was another useful indicator of postoperative metastasis, especially at the third or fourth month; the protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II (PIVKA-II) level three months after LT was significantly higher for those who had later metastasis. The mesenchymal CTC level at the 45th day was increased for in the metastasis group. Using two-ends Logistic regression, the calculated value MP (metastasis predictor, by above factors). Had an AUC of 0.858 in the ROC curve, with a cutoff value of 0.328.

Conclusions
In conclusion, microvascular invasion, AFP level at the third or fourth month, PIVKA-II level at the third month, and mesenchymal CTC level at day 45 were associated with post-LT metastasis. Using Logistic regression based on above variables, the two-year metastasis can be predicted with satisfactory sensitivity and accuracy.
Broadband high-efficiency near-infrared graphene phase modulators enabled by metal–nanoribbon integrated hybrid plasmonic waveguides
Authors: Ye Longfang , Yuan Kouxiang , Zhu Chunhui , Zhang Yao , Zhang Yong , Lai Kunzhong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The phase modulator is a key component in optical communications for its phase modulation functions. In this paper, we numerically demonstrate a variety of ultra-compact high-efficiency graphene phase modulators (GPMs) based on metal–nanoribbon integrated hybrid plasmonic waveguides in the near-infrared region. Benefiting from the good in-plane mode polarization matching and strong hybrid surface plasmon polariton and graphene interaction, the 20 μm-length GPM can achieve excellent phase modulation performance with a good phase and amplitude decoupling effect, a low insertion loss around 0.3 dB/μm, a high modulation efficiency with V
π
L
π
of 118.67 V μm at 1.55 μm, which is 1–3 orders improvement compared to the state-of-the-art graphene modulators. Furthermore, it has a wide modulation bandwidth of 67.96 GHz, a low energy consumption of 157.49 fJ/bit, and a wide operating wavelength ranging from 1.3 to 1.8 μm. By reducing the overlap width of the graphene–Al2O3–graphene capacitor, the modulation bandwidth and energy consumption of the modulator can be further improved to 370.36 GHz and 30.22 fJ/bit, respectively. These compact and energy-efficient GPMs may hold a key to various high-speed telecommunications, interconnects, and other graphene-based integrated photonics applications.