bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between relative body fat and areal body surface roughness characteristics in 3D photonic body scans—a proof of feasibility
Authors: Ritter Severin , Staub Kaspar , Eppenberger Patrick 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionA reliable and accurate estimate of the percentage and distribution of adipose tissue in the human body is essential for evaluating the risk of developing chronic and noncommunicable diseases. A precise and differentiated method, which at the same time is fast, noninvasive, and straightforward to perform, would, therefore, be desirable. We sought a new approach to this research area by linking a person’s relative body fat with their body surface’s areal roughness characteristics.Materials and methodsFor this feasibility study, we compared areal surface roughness characteristics, assessed from 3D photonic full-body scans of 76 Swiss young men, and compared the results with body impedance-based estimates of relative body fat. We developed an innovative method for characterizing the areal surface roughness distribution of a person’s entire body, in a similar approach as it is currently used in geoscience or material science applications. We then performed a statistical analysis using different linear and stepwise regression models.ResultsIn a stepwise regression analysis of areal surface roughness frequency tables, a combination of standard deviation, interquartile range, and mode showed the best association with relative body fat (R2 = 0.55,p < 0.0001). The best results were achieved by calculating the arithmetic mean height, capable of explaining up to three-quarters of the variance in relative body fat (R2 = 0.74,p < 0.001).Discussion and conclusionThis study shows that areal surface roughness characteristics assessed from 3D photonic whole-body scans associate well with relative body fat, therefore representing a viable new approach to improve current 3D scanner-based methods for determining body composition and obesity-associated health risks. Further investigations may validate our method with other data or provide a more detailed understanding of the relation between the body’s areal surface characteristics and adipose tissue distribution by including larger and more diverse populations or focusing on particular body segments.
Intensive blood pressure treatment in coronary artery disease: implications from the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT)
Authors: Zang Jiabin , Liang Jianwen , Zhuang Xiaodong , Zhang Shaozhao , Liao Xinxue , Wu Guifu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTo investigate the optimal blood pressure (BP) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), we conducted subgroup analysis using SPRINT data. The study sample included 1206 participants with CAD (of whom 692 underwent coronary revascularization) and 8127 participants without CAD. Participants were randomized into two groups (systolic BP target of 140 mm Hg vs. 120 mm Hg). The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular events. After a median follow-up of 3.9 years, the hazard ratios (HRs) for the primary outcome were 0.65 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53–0.79) and 1.05 (95% CI 0.76–1.46) among those in the non-CAD and CAD subgroups, respectively (P value for interaction 0.02). Intensive BP treatment was a protective factor for all-cause death (HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.37–0.96) in the CAD subgroup, compared with standard BP treatment. The HRs (95% CI) for stroke were 3.57 (1.17–10.85) and 1.03 (0.29–3.62) among those in the coronary revascularization and non-revascularization subgroups, respectively (P value for interaction 0.13). For safety events, intensive BP treatment increased the risk of hypotension (HR 2.00, 95% CI 1.06–3.79) and electrolyte abnormalities (HR 2.38, 95% CI 1.25–4.56) in the CAD subgroup, while the risk of serious adverse events did not increase (HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.88–1.20). These results suggest that positive benefits from intensive BP treatment might be attenuated in patients with CAD who are under better secondary prevention. The risk of stroke might increase at the systolic BP target of 120 mm Hg in case of coronary revascularization, although the confidence interval was wide.
Intravenous immunoglobulin G in the treatment of ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn during the early neonatal period at a tertiary academic hospital: a retrospective study
Authors: Pan Jiarong , Zhan Canyang , Yuan Tianming , Chen Xiangxiang , Ni Yanyan , Shen Ying , Chen Weiwei , Wu Tai , Yu Huimin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIG) in infants with ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN).

Methods
Infants with moderate-to-severe ABO HDN during early neonatal period (<7 days) at our hospital in 2017 were included in this retrospective study. Patients treated with IVIG and phototherapy were classified as the IVIG group, and those who only received phototherapy were classified as the phototherapy only group.

Results
Forty-six patients were classified into the IVIG group and 68 other patients were classified into the phototherapy only group. There was no significant difference in duration of phototherapy, hospitalization periods, needs for exchange transfusion, transfusions, and incidence of bilirubin-induced neurological sequelae between these two groups (P = 0.20, 0.27, 0.65, 0.47, 0.78, respectively).

Conclusion
It seems unnecessary to expose neonates to IVIG in moderate-to-severe ABO HDN when the available data show no appreciable benefits.
Update on GPCR-based targets for the development of novel antidepressants
Authors: Mantas Ioannis , Saarinen Marcus , Xu Zhi-Qing David , Svenningsson Per 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTraditional antidepressants largely interfere with monoaminergic transport or degradation systems, taking several weeks to have their therapeutic actions. Moreover, a large proportion of depressed patients are resistant to these therapies. Several atypical antidepressants have been developed which interact with G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) instead, as direct targeting of receptors may achieve more efficacious and faster antidepressant actions. The focus of this review is to provide an update on how distinct GPCRs mediate antidepressant actions and discuss recent insights into how GPCRs regulate the pathophysiology of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). We also discuss the therapeutic potential of novel GPCR targets, which are appealing due to their ligand selectivity, expression pattern, or pharmacological profiles. Finally, we highlight recent advances in understanding GPCR pharmacology and structure, and how they may provide new avenues for drug development.
Chronic non-discriminatory social defeat stress reduces effort-related motivated behaviors in male and female mice
Authors: Dieterich Andrew , Liu Tonia , Samuels Benjamin Adam 
Published: February 2021

AbstractReward and motivation deficits are prominent symptoms in many mood disorders, including depression. Similar reward and effort-related choice behavioral tasks can be used to study aspects of motivation in both rodents and humans. Chronic stress can precipitate mood disorders in humans and maladaptive reward and motivation behaviors in male rodents. However, while depression is more prevalent in women, there is relatively little known about whether chronic stress elicits maladaptive behaviors in female rodents in effort-related motivated tasks and whether there are any behavioral sex differences. Chronic nondiscriminatory social defeat stress (CNSDS) is a variation of chronic social defeat stress that is effective in both male and female mice. We hypothesized that CNSDS would reduce effort-related motivated and reward behaviors, including reducing sensitivity to a devalued outcome, reducing breakpoint in progressive ratio, and shifting effort-related choice behavior. Separate cohorts of adult male and female C57BL/6 J mice were divided into Control or CNSDS groups, exposed to the 10-day CNSDS paradigm, and then trained and tested in instrumental reward or effort-related behaviors. CNSDS reduced motivation to lever press in progressive ratio and shifted effort-related choice behavior from a high reward to a more easily attainable low reward in both sexes. CNSDS caused more nuanced impairments in outcome devaluation. Taken together, CNSDS induces maladaptive shifts in effort-related choice and reduces motivated lever pressing in both sexes.
Targeting transcription of MCL-1 sensitizes HER2-amplified breast cancers to HER2 inhibitors
Authors: Floros Konstantinos V. , Jacob Sheeba , Kurupi Richard , Fairchild Carter K. , Hu Bin , Puchalapalli Madhavi , E. Koblinski Jennifer , Dozmorov Mikhail G. , Boikos Sosipatros A. , Scaltriti Maurizio , Faber Anthony C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHuman epidermal growth factor receptor 2 gene (HER2) is focally amplified in approximately 20% of breast cancers. HER2 inhibitors alone are not effective, and sensitizing agents will be necessary to move away from a reliance on heavily toxic chemotherapeutics. We recently demonstrated that the efficacy of HER2 inhibitors is mitigated by uniformly low levels of the myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL-1) endogenous inhibitor, NOXA. Emerging clinical data have demonstrated that clinically advanced cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors are effective MCL-1 inhibitors in patients, and, importantly, well tolerated. We, therefore, tested whether the CDK inhibitor, dinaciclib, could block MCL-1 in preclinical HER2-amplified breast cancer models and therefore sensitize these cancers to dual HER2/EGFR inhibitors neratinib and lapatinib, as well as to the novel selective HER2 inhibitor tucatinib. Indeed, we found dinaciclib suppresses MCL-1 RNA and is highly effective at sensitizing HER2 inhibitors both in vitro and in vivo. This combination was tolerable in vivo. Mechanistically, liberating the effector BCL-2 protein, BAK, from MCL-1 results in robust apoptosis. Thus, clinically advanced CDK inhibitors may effectively combine with HER2 inhibitors and present a chemotherapy-free therapeutic strategy in HER2-amplified breast cancer, which can be tested immediately in the clinic.
Malnutrition screening on hospital admission: impact of overweight and obesity on comparative performance of MUST and PG-SGA SF
Authors: van Vliet Iris M. Y. , Gomes-Neto Antonio W. , de Jong Margriet F. C. , Bakker Stephan J. L. , Jager-Wittenaar Harriët , Navis Gerjan J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground/objectivesTraditional malnutrition screening instruments, including the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), strongly rely on low body mass index (BMI) and weight loss. In overweight/obese patients, this may result in underdetection of malnutrition risk. Alternative instruments, like the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment Short Form (PG-SGA SF), include characteristics and risk factors irrespective of BMI. Therefore, we aimed to compare performance of MUST and PG-SGA SF in malnutrition risk evaluation in overweight/obese hospitalized patients.Subjects/methodsWe assessed malnutrition risk using MUST (≥1 = increased risk) and PG-SGA SF (≥4 = increased risk) in adult patients at hospital admission in a university hospital. We compared results for patients with BMI < 25 kg/m2vs. BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2.ResultsOf 430 patients analyzed (58 ± 16 years, 53% male, BMI 26.9 ± 5.5 kg/m2), 35% were overweight and 25% obese. Malnutrition risk was present in 16% according to MUST and 42% according to PG-SGA SF. In patients with BMI < 25 kg/m2, MUST identified 31% as at risk vs. 52% by PG-SGA SF. In patients with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, MUST identified 5% as at risk vs. 36% by PG-SGA SF. Agreement between MUST and PG-SGA SF was low (к = 0.143). Of the overweight/obese patients at risk according to PG-SGA SF, 83/92 (90%) were categorized as low risk by MUST.ConclusionsMore than one-third of overweight/obese patients is at risk for malnutrition at hospital admission according to PG-SGA SF. Most of them are not identified by MUST. Awareness of BMI-dependency of malnutrition screening instruments and potential underestimation of malnutrition risk in overweight/obese patients by using these instruments is warranted.
Economic evaluation of the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio for the short-term prediction of preeclampsia in a Japanese cohort of the PROGNOSIS Asia study
Authors: Ohkuchi Akihide , Masuyama Hisashi , Yamamoto Tatsuo , Kikuchi Takashi , Taguchi Naoko , Wolf Cyrill , Saito Shigeru 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe PRediction of short-term Outcomes in preGNant wOmen with Suspected preeclampsIa Study (PROGNOSIS) Asia validated the use of the soluble fms-like tyrosine 1/placental growth factor (sFlt-1/PlGF) ratio cutoff value of ≤38 to rule out the occurrence of preeclampsia in the short term in Asian women. We assessed the economic impact of the introduction of the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio test for predicting preeclampsia in Japan using data from the Japanese cohort of PROGNOSIS Asia. The cost analysis was developed with estimates in either a no-test scenario, with clinical decisions based on standard diagnostic procedures alone, or a test scenario, in which the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio test was used in addition to standard diagnostic procedures. For both scenarios, rates of hospitalization and other test characteristics were obtained from the results for the Japanese cohort in PROGNOSIS Asia. The total cost per patient was the main outcome of this cost analysis model. Introduction of the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio test using a cutoff value of 38 resulted in a reduced hospitalization rate compared with the rate in the no-test scenario (14.4% versus 8.7%). The reduction in the rate of hospitalizations led to an estimated 16 373 JPY reduction in healthcare costs per patient. The sFlt-1/PlGF ratio test is likely to reduce the unnecessary hospitalization of women at low risk of developing preeclampsia in the short term while also identifying high-risk individuals requiring appropriate management. Reducing unnecessary hospitalizations would result in significant cost savings in the Japanese healthcare system.
Structural and biophysical correlation of anti-NANP antibodies with in vivo protection against P. falciparum
Authors: Pholcharee Tossapol , Oyen David , Flores-Garcia Yevel , Gonzalez-Paez Gonzalo , Han Zhen , Williams Katherine L. , Volkmuth Wayne , Emerling Daniel , Locke Emily , Richter King C. , Zavala Fidel , Wilson Ian A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe most advanced P. falciparum circumsporozoite protein-based malaria vaccine, RTS,S/AS01 (RTS,S), confers partial protection but with antibody titers that wane relatively rapidly, highlighting the need to elicit more potent and durable antibody responses. Here, we elucidate crystal structures, binding affinities and kinetics, and in vivo protection of eight anti-NANP antibodies derived from an RTS,S phase 2a trial and encoded by three different heavy-chain germline genes. The structures reinforce the importance of homotypic Fab-Fab interactions in protective antibodies and the overwhelmingly dominant preference for a germline-encoded aromatic residue for recognition of the NANP motif. In this study, antibody apparent affinity correlates best with protection in an in vivo mouse model, with the more potent antibodies also recognizing epitopes with repeating secondary structural motifs of type I β- and Asn pseudo 310 turns; such insights can be incorporated into design of more effective immunogens and antibodies for passive immunization.
Exceptionally preserved early Cambrian bilaterian developmental stages from Mongolia
Authors: Steiner Michael , Yang Ben , Hohl Simon , Li Da , Donoghue Philip 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFossilized invertebrate embryonic and later developmental stages are rare and restricted largely to the Ediacaran-Cambrian, providing direct insight into development during the emergence of animal bodyplans. Here we report a new assemblage of eggs, embryos and bilaterian post-embryonic developmental stages from the early Cambrian Salanygol Formation of Dzhabkan Microcontinent of Mongolia. The post-embryonic developmental stages of the bilaterian are preserved with cellular fidelity, possessing a series of bilaterally arranged ridges that compare to co-occurring camenellan sclerites in which the initial growth stages retain the cellular morphology of modified juveniles. In this work we identify these fossils as early post-embryonic developmental stages of camenellans, an early clade of stem-brachiopods, known previously only from isolated sclerites. This interpretation corroborates previous reconstructions of camenellan scleritomes with sclerites arranged in medial and peripheral concentric zones. It further supports the conjecture that molluscs and brachiopods are descended from an ancestral vermiform and slug-like bodyplan.
Travelling spindles create necessary conditions for spike-timing-dependent plasticity in humans
Authors: Dickey Charles W. , Sargsyan Anna , Madsen Joseph R. , Eskandar Emad N. , Cash Sydney S. , Halgren Eric 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSleep spindles facilitate memory consolidation in the cortex during mammalian non-rapid eye movement sleep. In rodents, phase-locked firing during spindles may facilitate spike-timing-dependent plasticity by grouping pre-then-post-synaptic cell firing within ~25 ms. Currently, microphysiological evidence in humans for conditions conducive for spike-timing-dependent plasticity during spindles is absent. Here, we analyze field potentials and unit firing from middle/upper layers during spindles from 10 × 10 microelectrode arrays at 400 μm pitch in humans. We report strong tonic and phase-locked increases in firing and co-firing within 25 ms during spindles, especially those co-occurring with down-to-upstate transitions. Co-firing, spindle co-occurrence, and spindle coherence are greatest within ~2 mm, and high co-firing of units on different contacts depends on high spindle coherence between those contacts. Spindles propagate at ~0.28 m/s in distinct patterns, with correlated cell co-firing sequences. Spindles hence organize spatiotemporal patterns of neuronal co-firing in ways that may provide pre-conditions for plasticity during non-rapid eye movement sleep.
Projecting heat-related excess mortality under climate change scenarios in China
Authors: Yang Jun , Zhou Maigeng , Ren Zhoupeng , Li Mengmeng , Wang Boguang , Liu De Li , Ou Chun-Quan , Yin Peng , Sun Jimin , Tong Shilu , Wang Hao , Zhang Chunlin , Wang Jinfeng , Guo Yuming , Liu Qiyong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRecent studies have reported a variety of health consequences of climate change. However, the vulnerability of individuals and cities to climate change remains to be evaluated. We project the excess cause-, age-, region-, and education-specific mortality attributable to future high temperatures in 161 Chinese districts/counties using 28 global climate models (GCMs) under two representative concentration pathways (RCPs). To assess the influence of population ageing on the projection of future heat-related mortality, we further project the age-specific effect estimates under five shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). Heat-related excess mortality is projected to increase from 1.9% (95% eCI: 0.2–3.3%) in the 2010s to 2.4% (0.4–4.1%) in the 2030 s and 5.5% (0.5–9.9%) in the 2090 s under RCP8.5, with corresponding relative changes of 0.5% (0.0–1.2%) and 3.6% (−0.5–7.5%). The projected slopes are steeper in southern, eastern, central and northern China. People with cardiorespiratory diseases, females, the elderly and those with low educational attainment could be more affected. Population ageing amplifies future heat-related excess deaths 2.3- to 5.8-fold under different SSPs, particularly for the northeast region. Our findings can help guide public health responses to ameliorate the risk of climate change.
The Goto-Kakizaki rat is a spontaneous prototypical rodent model of polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Bourgneuf Camille , Bailbé Danielle , Lamazière Antonin , Dupont Charlotte , Moldes Marthe , Farabos Dominique , Roblot Natacha , Gauthier Camille , Mathieu d’Argent Emmanuelle , Cohen-Tannoudji Joelle , Monniaux Danielle , Fève Bruno , Movassat Jamileh , di Clemente Nathalie , Racine Chrystèle 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by an oligo-anovulation, hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovarian morphology combined with major metabolic disturbances. However, despite the high prevalence and the human and economic consequences of this syndrome, its etiology remains unknown. In this study, we show that female Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats, a type 2 diabetes mellitus model, encapsulate naturally all the reproductive and metabolic hallmarks of lean women with PCOS at puberty and in adulthood. The analysis of their gestation and of their fetuses demonstrates that this PCOS-like phenotype is developmentally programmed. GK rats also develop features of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Lastly, a comparison between GK rats and a cohort of women with PCOS reveals a similar reproductive signature. Thus, this spontaneous rodent model of PCOS represents an original tool for the identification of the mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis and for the development of novel strategies for its treatment.
Morphological bases of phytoplankton energy management and physiological responses unveiled by 3D subcellular imaging
Authors: Uwizeye Clarisse , Decelle Johan , Jouneau Pierre-Henri , Flori Serena , Gallet Benoit , Keck Jean-Baptiste , Bo Davide Dal , Moriscot Christine , Seydoux Claire , Chevalier Fabien , Schieber Nicole L. , Templin Rachel , Allorent Guillaume , Courtois Florence , Curien Gilles , Schwab Yannick , Schoehn Guy , Zeeman Samuel C. , Falconet Denis , Finazzi Giovanni 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEukaryotic phytoplankton have a small global biomass but play major roles in primary production and climate. Despite improved understanding of phytoplankton diversity and evolution, we largely ignore the cellular bases of their environmental plasticity. By comparative 3D morphometric analysis across seven distant phytoplankton taxa, we observe constant volume occupancy by the main organelles and preserved volumetric ratios between plastids and mitochondria. We hypothesise that phytoplankton subcellular topology is modulated by energy-management constraints. Consistent with this, shifting the diatom Phaeodactylum from low to high light enhances photosynthesis and respiration, increases cell-volume occupancy by mitochondria and the plastid CO2-fixing pyrenoid, and boosts plastid-mitochondria contacts. Changes in organelle architectures and interactions also accompany Nannochloropsis acclimation to different trophic lifestyles, along with respiratory and photosynthetic responses. By revealing evolutionarily-conserved topologies of energy-managing organelles, and their role in phytoplankton acclimation, this work deciphers phytoplankton responses at subcellular scales.
Learning dominant physical processes with data-driven balance models
Authors: Callaham Jared L. , Koch James V. , Brunton Bingni W. , Kutz J. Nathan , Brunton Steven L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThroughout the history of science, physics-based modeling has relied on judiciously approximating observed dynamics as a balance between a few dominant processes. However, this traditional approach is mathematically cumbersome and only applies in asymptotic regimes where there is a strict separation of scales in the physics. Here, we automate and generalize this approach to non-asymptotic regimes by introducing the idea of an equation space, in which different local balances appear as distinct subspace clusters. Unsupervised learning can then automatically identify regions where groups of terms may be neglected. We show that our data-driven balance models successfully delineate dominant balance physics in a much richer class of systems. In particular, this approach uncovers key mechanistic models in turbulence, combustion, nonlinear optics, geophysical fluids, and neuroscience.