bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drug Repositioning as a Pharmaceutical Strategy: The Obvious Benefits are Real but Beware of Pitfalls That May be Less Apparent.
Authors: Reaume Andrew G. 
Published: December 2021

For the last 15 years the drug discovery strategy referred to as “drug-repositioning” has been a recognized approach towards bringing new therapeutics to market and has continued to grow in popularity over this time frame. Melior Discovery is a company with a founding mission centered on drug repositioning. The author shares his perspective on lessons learned over 15 years of conducting drug repositioning efforts, complete with advantages and disadvantages that he has encountered using this approach and why, overall, this means of drug discovery provides a compelling business rationale.
Reinvestigating the phylogeny of Myriapoda with more extensive taxon sampling and novel genetic perspective
Authors: Wang Jiajia , Bai Yu , Zhao Haifeng , Mu Ruinan , Dong Yan 
Published: December 2021

Background
There have been extensive debates on the interrelationships among the four major classes of Myriapoda—Chilopoda, Symphyla, Diplopoda, and Pauropoda. The core controversy is the position of Pauropoda; that is, whether it should be grouped with Symphyla or Diplopoda as a sister group. Two recent phylogenomic studies separately investigated transcriptomic data from 14 and 29 Myriapoda species covering all four groups along with outgroups, and proposed two different topologies of phylogenetic relationships.

Methods
Building on these studies, we extended the taxon sampling by investigating 39 myriapods and integrating the previously available data with three new transcriptomic datasets generated in this study. Our analyses present the phylogenetic relationships among the four major classes of Myriapoda with a more abundant taxon sampling and provide a new perspective to investigate the above-mentioned question, where visual genes’ identification were conducted. We compared the appearance pattern of genes, grouping them according to their classes and the visual pathways involved. Positive selection was detected for all identified visual genes between every pair of 39 myriapods, and 14 genes showed positive selection among 27 pairs.

Results
From the results of phylogenomic analyses, we propose that Symphyla is a sister group of Pauropoda. This stance has also received strong support from tree inference and topology tests.
Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccine in the University of Port Harcourt Community
Authors: David Lekpa Kingdom , Njoku Chigozie , Paul John Nwolim 
Published: December 2021

Background: Vaccine acceptance is one thing that must be achieved before the masses can volunteer to be vaccinated. Vaccine acceptance is defined as the individual or group's decision to accept or refuse when presented with an opportunity to vaccinate. Acceptance can be active (adherence by an informed public that perceives the benefit of and needs for a vaccine) or passive (compliance by a public that defers to recommendations and social pressure). It will not be out of place to state that the University of Port Harcourt will not be spared in the distribution of the cases as such if no drastic action for vaccination is taken. Therefore, vaccine acceptance is essential. Hence, this study was done to survey the acceptance of the covid-19 vaccine amongst the lecturers and teachers in the University community.
Materials and Methods: The study was cross-sectional carried out at the University of Port Harcourt in Rivers State. The study population was the public tertiary institutions in Rivers State which comprised only the teaching staff. The sample size used for the study was four hundred and sixty persons calculated using the Taro Yamane formula for a population less than ten thousand; the sampling technique used was simple random sampling. The data collection tool used for the study was a self-structured closed-ended questionnaire.
Results and Discussions: The results of the study showed that the acceptance rate of COVID 19 vaccine by the UPWA staff members was 7.4%, UNIPORT lecturers was 8.7%, and UDSS staff members were 9.1%. The UDSS staff members had the highest level of acceptance. The total acceptance rate for COVID 19 vaccine in this population was 25.2%. The difference in the proportion is statistically significant at p<0.001.
Conclusions: The comparison of the variables showed that age category, occupation, sex, marital status, educational level, and insurance were all statistically significant (p=0.001) with the acceptance COVID 19 vaccine by UPWA staff, UNIPORT staff members and UDSS staff. The result showed that about a quarter of the sampled population was willing to take the vaccine. This study recommends the intensification of a campaign that is geared towards enhancing COVID 19 vaccine acceptance and uptake.
Origin and Dynamics of Termite Mound Soils in Southern India
Authors: Harit A. K. , Jouquet P. 
Published: December 2021

Aims: In Southern India, termite above-ground nests can have the shape of cathedral (CAT) or lenticular (LENT) mounds. Although CATare built by the fungus-growing species Odontotermes obesus, the origin and evolution of LENT remain unknown. Therefore, the aim of to study was to estimate the origin and dynamics of LENT from their specific physical and chemical properties.
Study Site: This study was carried out in the Bandipur Tiger reserve (dry deciduous forest), Karnataka, Southern India.
Methodology: All the soil samples were collected in a Fluvisol in the Mule Hole experimental watershed.Only large size mounds between 1.5 - 1.8m high were considered in this study. Soil samples were collected from the outer wall of CATnest and from the soil surface layer (0-5 cm deep) and surrounding soil. Particle-size distribution and dispersion were obtained by process of sedimentation. All the statistical analysis such as principal component analysis (PCA) were calculated using R studio and R version 3.2.1.
Results: Using elemental physical and chemical properties, this study showed a gradient of soil properties from the soil sampled between 50-100 cm depth to CAT, LENT and the surrounding topsoil (CTRL, Fluvisol), suggesting that: (i) CAT can be considered patches in the landscapes with specific physical and chemical properties in comparison with CTRL and LENT; (ii) LENT mounds can result from the progressive modification of CTRL (autogenic origin of LENT) and their degradation leads to a progressive recovery of CTRL properties or (iii) they originate from the colonization of abandoned CAT by other termite species (exogenic origin of LENT).
Conclusion: This study confirms the complexity of CAT and LENT fates and the need for long-term datasets to determine the origin and evolution of termite mounds.
Ecological Adaptation of Endemic Anthocleista Species under Moisture Gradient in Parts of Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Nsirim Lucky Edwin-Wosu , Theresa Ebia Omara-Achong , Praise Idogun Ejiro 
Published: December 2021

Background: Knowledge of the anatomy of Anthocleista species is crucial for understanding how these plants adapt to the environment.
Aim: This study was aimed at investigating the adaptive relationship of moisture gradient influence on the anatomy of four species in the genus Anthocleista (A djalonesis A Chev; A. liebrechtsiana De Wild & Th.Dur; A. nobilis G.Don; and A. vogelii Planch) in light of ecological niche adaptation. Place of Study: parts of Akwa-Ibom, Bayelsa, Cross River and Rivers States in the Niger Delta. Methods: Conventional classical anatomical techniques for structural sectioning were used.
Results: Though there are similarities and differences in vascular structure among the species, the study has revealed variance in anatomical responses to moisture gradient (ranging from dry mesophytic to mesophytic and wetland conditions) of adaptation. The most important and distinct features observed are the presence of sclerenchymatous idioblast, air sacs and sclereidal idioblast. Sclerenchymatous idioblasts are numerous in A liebrechtsiana, few in A. nobilis and A. vogelii but lacking in A. djalonesis. The sclerenchymatous idioblast in A. liebrechtsiana, A. nobilis, and A. vogelii confirmed these species to be mesophytic to semi-aquatic in their habitat adaptation; while A. djalonesis is dry-mesophytic in adaptation with thicker epidermal layer, multiple hypodermal layers, thicker mesophyll tissues with increased number of palisade layers and thick leaves. The stem and root modification had abundance sclereidal idioblast distribution in A. liebrechtsiana, and A. nobilis, moderate in A. vogelii and very low in A. djalonesis.
Conclusion: The variation observed in the leaf, petiole, stem and root anatomical characters are due to moisture gradient influence with the resultant effect of plant species evolving structures such as idioblast and modification to adapt to the niche and environment where they find themselves.
Trans Vaginal Versus Trans Abdominal Ultrasound Guided Embryo Transfer in In vitro Fertilization and Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (IVF–ICSI)
Authors: Mohamed Aya Medhat , El Khyat Ahmed Mahmoud , El Gergawy Adel El Shahat , El Halwagy Ahmed El Sayed , Deen Hamouda Mahmoud Salah El 
Published: December 2021

Background: Embryo transfer (ET) refers to a step in the process of assisted reproduction in which one or several embryos are placed into the uterus of a female with the intent to establish a pregnancy. This technique, which is often used in connection with in vitro fertilization (IVF), has widely been used in animals or human. The aim of this study was to compare Trans abdominal ultrasound (TAUS) with Trans vaginal ultrasound (TVUS) methods for guidance of (ET) regarding clinical pregnancy rate and patient appreciation of pain during embryo transfer.
Methods: This prospective, randomized, controlled study was conducted on 100 patients undergoing cryopreserved or fresh morula or blastocyte who were randomized (computer generated program) into 2 groups. Group I (the study group): 50 patients were subjected to embryo transfer under trans abdominal ultrasound guidance and Group II (controlled group): 50 patients were subjected to (ET) under (TAUS).
Results: There were no statistically significant differences regarding fresh and cryopreserved. TVUS group demonstrated significant reduction of duration compared to TAUS ones. Minimal pain was observed in TVUS cases compared to TAUS ones. Higher success rate and lower failure rate were demonstrated in TVUS group compared to TAUS group.
Conclusions: TVUS seems to have higher success rate with less pain sensation as well as shorter duration of the procedure in comparison with TAUS.
The Consequence of COVID-19
Authors: Pandiyan Porkodi Arun , Mayilananthi Kaliannan , Durga Krishnan , Senthilnathan Pichaipillai 
Published: December 2021

SARS-CoV-2 is the third and largest pandemic that emerged in Wuhan city, Hubei province, China in 2019. As per WHO 45,988,595 people have been infected and the COVID 19 has caused more than 1,194,979 deaths. The clinical spectrum of COVID 19 varies from asymptomatic presentation to multi-organ dysfunction. The pathophysiology behind the sequel of COVID 19 immuno-suppression is an area yet to be explored. Here, we report a case of 52 year old male with persistent pyrexia post his recovery from COIVD-19. On further evaluation, a diagnosis of amoebic liver abscess that resulted as a sequel of COVID-19 was made.
Correlation of Osteopontin, Oxidative Stress and Total Antioxidant Capacity in Hypothyroidism Subjects
Authors: Sah Sumesh Prasad , Batra Jyoti , Batra Aarushi , Arora Manisha , Sah Sonu , Kumar Sudeep 
Published: December 2021

Aims: To find out the correlation between Osteopontin (OPN), oxidative stress and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in female hypothyroidism subjects.
Study Design: Case Control study
Place and Duration of Study: The present case control study was conducted with the collaboration of the Department of Biochemistry, Santosh Medical college, Ghaziabad and Muzaffarnagar Medical College, Muzaffarnagar from September 2018 to September 2020.
Methodology: The study includes 120 female hypothyroidism subjects and 120 age and sex matched normal healthy individuals as controls. Serum OPN was estimated by commercially available ELISA kit, MDA by method described by Satoh et al. method, TAC by FRAP method and Ceruloplasmin was estimated on Access 2 Beckman Coulter clinical chemistry analyser.
Results: The anthropometric parameters, Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC) and waist hip ratio (WHR) were increased significantly in all the female hypothyroidism subjects as compared to controls. Study showed increased levels of TSH and MDA and decreased levels of serum Osteopontin, T3, T4, TAC and Ceruloplasmin (Cp) in hypothyroid subjects as compared to controls. A Significant positive correlation was found between OPN vs T3, OPN vs T4, OPN vs TAC and OPN vs Cp whereas significant negative correlation was found between OPN vs TSH, and OPN vs MDA.
Conclusion: In the present study, we found decreased levels of Osteopontin in hypothyroidism subject. Pearson’s correlation analysis predicts, OPN negatively correlated with MDA and positively correlated with total antioxidant capacity and ceruloplasmin. Hence, Osteopontin, malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity and ceruloplasmin should all be considered while assessing the hypothyroidism.
Effect of Mental Activity on Heart Rate, Heart Rate Variability and Respiratory Rate in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Bari Ahamed Basha Abdul , Subbalakshmi N. K. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The link between mental stress and cardiac autonomic regulation plays a significant role in the patho physiological process of cardio neural feedback loop. This study assessed the effect of mental arithmetic and silent reading on heart rate variability, heart rate and respiratory rate in young healthy volunteers.
Materials and Methods: R-R intervals were recorded for five minutes in ten healthy volunteers aged 22-24 years of either sex while resting, doing mental arithmetic, and silent reading in a sitting position. Time and frequency domain approaches were used to measure heart rate variability (HRV). In them, heart rate and respiratory rate were also calculated. Using the paired ‘t' test, mean differences in values were evaluated between resting and mental arithmetic; resting and quiet reading conditions.
Results: Heart rate and respiratory rate were significantly higher during mental arithmetic (p = 0.012, p<0.0001 respectively) and silent reading compared to resting state (p=0.005, p=0.0002 respectively). There was no significant change in HRV during mental arithmetic and silent reading compared to resting state.
Conclusion: Mental arithmetic and silent reading primarily evoke a rise in respiratory rate and heart rate.
A Rare Case of Salmonella Typhi Presenting with Tonsillitis
Authors: Aarifaa S. , Mayilananthi Kaliannan , Krishnan Durga , Rao V. R. Mohan , Srinivas Praveen 
Published: December 2021

Typhoid fever is an endemic infection in developing countries like India. Oral manifestations of enteric fever and typhoid tonsillitis have rarely been reported in the literature. We report a 20 year old male, showing tonsillitis to be an integral part of clinical presentation of typhoid fever.The patient presented with fever, throat pain and oral ulcers. Blood culture and swab from tonsils showed significant growth of Salmonella typhi.This case report adds light to tonsillitis as a rare clinical manifestation of typhoid fever.
A Rare Case of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Presented with Multiple Discharging Sinus Over the Posterior Aspect of Left Thigh
Authors: Kumar K. Senthil , Megha . , Anantharamakrishnan R. , Dhanashekar . , Sandeep U. 
Published: December 2021

Squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common cutaneous malignancy. The most important etiological factor is chronic exposure to the ultraviolet rays and hence exposed areas of the body are the most common site of squamous cell carcinoma. It is very uncommon for SCC to occur at unexposed areas of the body, and it is usually associated with long standing ulcers, sinus or immunosuppression. Here we are reporting a rare of Squamous Cell carcinoma which developed from multiple discharging sinus over the posterior aspect of left thigh in a 67 year old male.
Effect of Super Brain Yoga on Concentration and Memory in Children in a Selected Private School, Kelambakkam, Kanchipuram Dt, Tamilnadu, India
Authors: Viji V. S. , Subbulakshmi S. , Devi L. Uma 
Published: December 2021

Background: The Sigmund Freud's psychosexual theory says that the school age is the important stage in the development of self-confidence. Many studies reveals that physical exercise has a positive effect in the cognitive intellectual areas of the children. Regular practice of simple exercise will makes the children more sharp minded and helps to give a better learning outcome
Material & Methods: The main aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of super brain yoga by measuring the changes in concentration and memory in children.. A quantitative evaluative approach was used for this study with a one group pretest and posttest design. The purposive sampling technique was used to select 120 students aged between 10 to 12 years who were studying in 6th and 7th standard. The practice of super brain yoga was given 20 times over 10 minutes per day for a period of one month. The Digit Cancellation Test and the Knox Cube Test was used to was used to assess the pretest and posttest level of concentration and memory in children.
Results: The pretest mean and standard deviation of concentration was 33.64±5.43 with a standard error of 0.496. The first posttest (at the end of second week of practice of super brain yoga) mean and standard deviation was 33.55± 5.378 with a standard error of 0.491 and the t-value was 0.749. The second posttest (at the end of fourth week of practice of super brain yoga) mean and standard deviation was 33.67±5.393 with a standard error of 0.492 and the t-value was 0.240. The pretest mean and standard deviation of memory was 33.67±4.696with a standard error of 0.429.The first posttest (at the end of second week of practice of super brain yoga) mean and standard deviation was 33.66±4.654with a standard error of 0.425 and the t-value was 0.080. The second posttest (at the end of fourth week of practice of super brain yoga) mean and standard deviation was 33.68±4.700with a standard error of 0.420and the t-value was 0.074. The present study result shows that statistically there was no significant effect of super brain yoga on concentration and memory of children and no association between posttest level of concentration and memory of children with their selected demographic variables.
Conclusion: Hence the study concludes that the super brain yoga has no significant effect on concentration and memory of children with a duration of four weeks of practice.The study recommended that to bring the desired positive effect on children’s concentration and memory the study can be conducted for a long period of time.
Qualitative and Quantitative Study of Phyto-Constituents and Antioxidant Potential of Rhizomes of Kaempferia galanga, Kaempferia parviflora and Kaempferia pulchra
Authors: Mishra Subhash Chandra , Sharma Neeraj 
Published: December 2021

Medicinal plants are the potent source of biologically active compounds and have always been of field of interest for the effective chemotherapeutic agents and offering a broad spectrum of activity with greater emphasis on preventive action. The objective of this study was to screen the phytochemicals, estimate the content of phenolic, flavonoids and alkaloids compounds and determines the antioxidant capacity of the rhizomes of Kaempferia galanga Linn, Kaempferia parviflora and Kaempferia pulchra (K. galanga, K. parviflora and K, pulchra, Zingiberaceae). Qualitative analysis of various phytochemical constituents and quantitative analysis of total phenol, flavonoids and alkaloids were determined by the well-known test protocol available in the literature. The ethanolic extract of rhizomes of K. galanga, K. parviflora and K, pulchra was studied for antioxidant activity on different in vitro models namely 1,1-diphenyl, 2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) assay and Nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging method. Phytochemical analysis of ethanolic extract of all three plants revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, phenolics, carbohydrate, and tannin. The total phenolic, flavonoids and alkaloids content of ethanolic extract of K. galanga, K. parviflora and K, pulchra rhizomes were 0.813, 1.146; 1.047, 1.237, 0.285; 0.755, 0.822, 0.975/100mg respectively. All extracts showed dose dependent free radical scavenging property in the tested models, which was comparable to that of ascorbic acid. The present study concluded that the crude extract of K. galanga, K. parviflora and K, pulchra rhizomes is a rich source of secondary phytoconstituents which impart significant antioxidant potential. It is expected that the important phytochemical properties recognized by our study in the indigenous medicinal plants will be very useful in the curing of various diseases when taken along with our food.
Estimation of Hemoglobin Levels in Pregnant and Non-pregnant Women in Rafha city, Saudi Arabia
Authors: A-Elbasit Ishraga Eltayeb M. , Ali Akbar , Ahmed Ali Mohammed 
Published: December 2021

Background: Anemia is a global health problem especially affecting pregnant and non-pregnant women. Among many different causes of anemia, iron deficiency anemia is the most common cause. Hemoglobin concentration measurement is among the most commonly performed blood tests, usually as part of a complete blood count.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in Rafha Central Hospital and three associated health centers. Pregnant and none pregnant women (400) were included in the study. The data were collected by using questionnaire prepared by the investigator in Arabic language. Informed consents were taken prior to taking data from each participant.
Results: Out of the 400 women enrolled in this study, 235 were pregnant. Majority of the participants were married (86%), and 45% were university graduates. Most of the participants (77.25%) were in the anemic range. The prevalence of anemia was almost equally distributed among pregnant (75.31%) and non-pregnant (80%) women. The prevalence of anemia was significantly associated with the use of tea, coffee and soft drinks.
Discussion and conclusion: Our results show much higher prevalence of anemia than reported by many other studies done inside and outside of Saudi Arabia. We conclude that anemia prevalence in the region is quite large. People must adopt eating and drinking habits which positively affect the absorption of iron from the food and therefore, increase hemoglobin levels in the body.