bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A gain and dynamic range independent index to quantify spillover spread to aid panel design in flow cytometry
Authors: Bhowmick Debajit , van Diepen Frank , Pfauth Anita , Tissier Renaud , Ratliff Michelle L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn conventional flowcytometry one detector (primary) is dedicated for one fluorochrome. However, photons usually end up in other detectors too (fluorescence spillover). ‘Compensation’ is a process that corrects the spillover signal from all detectors except the primary detector. Post ‘compensation’, the photon counting error of spillover signals become evident as spreading of the data. The spreading induced by spillover impairs the ability to resolve stained cell population from the unstained one, potentially reducing or completely losing cell populations. For successful multi-color panel design, it is important to know the expected spillover to maximize the data resolution. The Spillover Spreading Matrix (SSM) can be used to estimate the spread, but the outcome is dependent on detector sensitivity. Simply, the same single stained sample produces different spillover spread values when detector(s) sensitivity is altered. Many researchers mistakenly use this artifact to “reduce” the spread by decreasing detector sensitivity. This can result in diminished capacity to resolve dimly expressing cell populations. Here, we introduce SQI (Spread Quantification Index), that can quantify the spillover spread independent of detector sensitivity and independent of dynamic range. This allows users to compare spillover spread between instruments having different types of detectors, which is not possible using SSM.
Investigation of the transcriptomic response in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) gill exposed to Paramoeba perurans during early onset of disease
Authors: Talbot Anita , Gargan Laura , Moran Grainne , Prudent Louis , O’Connor Ian , Mirimin Luca , Carlsson Jens , MacCarthy Eugene 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAmoebic Gill Disease (AGD), caused by the protozoan extracellular parasite Paramoeba perurans (P. perurans) is a disease affecting Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). This study investigated the gill transcriptomic profile of pre-clinical AGD using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) technology. RNA-seq libraries generated at 0, 4, 7, 14 and 16 days post infection (dpi) identified 19,251 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of which 56.2% were up-regulated. DEGs mapped to 224 Gene Ontology (GO) terms including 140 biological processes (BP), 45 cellular components (CC), and 39 molecular functions (MF). A total of 27 reference pathways in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and 15 Reactome gene sets were identified. The RNA-seq data was validated using real-time, quantitative PCR (qPCR). A host immune response though the activation of complement and the acute phase genes was evident at 7 dpi, with a concurrent immune suppression involving cytokine signalling, notably in interleukins, interferon regulatory factors and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-α) genes. Down-regulated gene expression with involvement in receptor signalling pathways (NOD-like, Toll-like and RIG-1) were also identified. The results of this study support the theory that P. perurans can evade immune surveillance during the initial stages of gill colonisation through interference of signal transduction pathways.
Cryogenic land surface processes shape vegetation biomass patterns in northern European tundra
Authors: Aalto Juha , Niittynen Pekka , Riihimäki Henri , Luoto Miska 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTundra ecosystems have experienced changes in vegetation composition, distribution, and productivity over the past century due to climate warming. However, the increase in above-ground biomass may be constrained by cryogenic land surface processes that cause topsoil disturbance and variable microsite conditions. These effects have remained unaccounted for in tundra biomass models, although they can impact multiple opposing feedbacks between the biosphere and atmosphere, ecosystem functioning and biodiversity. Here, by using field-quantified data from northern Europe, remote sensing, and machine learning, we show that cryogenic land surface processes substantially constrain above-ground biomass in tundra. The three surveyed processes (cryoturbation, solifluction, and nivation) collectively reduced biomass by an average of 123.0 g m−2 (−30.0%). This effect was significant over landscape positions and was especially pronounced in snowbed environments, where the mean reduction in biomass was 57.3%. Our results imply that cryogenic land surface processes are pivotal in shaping future patterns of tundra biomass, as long as cryogenic ground activity is retained by climate warming.
The risk of SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in low prevalence settings following the removal of travel restrictions
Authors: Sachak-Patwa Rahil , Byrne Helen M. , Dyson Louise , Thompson Robin N. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Countries around the world have introduced travel restrictions to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission. As vaccines are gradually rolled out, attention has turned to when travel restrictions and other non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) can be relaxed.

Methods
Using SARS-CoV-2 as a case study, we develop a mathematical branching process model to assess the risk that, following the removal of NPIs, cases arriving in low prevalence settings initiate a local outbreak. Our model accounts for changes in background population immunity due to vaccination. We consider two locations with low prevalence in which the vaccine rollout has progressed quickly – specifically, the Isle of Man (a British crown dependency in the Irish Sea) and the country of Israel.

Results
We show that the outbreak risk is unlikely to be eliminated completely when travel restrictions and other NPIs are removed. This general result is the most important finding of this study, rather than exact quantitative outbreak risk estimates in different locations. It holds even once vaccine programmes are completed. Key factors underlying this result are the potential for transmission even following vaccination, incomplete vaccine uptake, and the recent emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants with increased transmissibility.

Conclusions
Combined, the factors described above suggest that, when travel restrictions are relaxed, it may still be necessary to implement surveillance of incoming passengers to identify infected individuals quickly. This measure, as well as tracing and testing (and/or isolating) contacts of detected infected passengers, remains useful to suppress potential outbreaks while global case numbers are high.
Psychometric Analysis of an Ecological Vocal Effort Scale in Individuals With and Without Vocal Hyperfunction During Activities of Daily Living
Authors: Marks Katherine L. , Verdi Alessandra , Toles Laura E. , Stipancic Kaila L. , Ortiz Andrew J. , Hillman Robert E. , Mehta Daryush D. 
Published: October 2021

Objective
The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of an ecological vocal effort scale linked to a voicing task.

Method

Thirty-eight patients with nodules, 18 patients with muscle tension dysphonia, and 45 vocally healthy control individuals participated in a week of ambulatory voice monitoring. A global vocal status question was asked hourly throughout the day. Participants produced a vowel–consonant–vowel syllable string and rated the vocal effort needed to produce the task on a visual analog scale. Test–retest reliability was calculated for a subset using the intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC(A, 1). Construct validity was assessed by (a) comparing the weeklong vocal effort ratings between the patient and control groups and (b) comparing weeklong vocal effort ratings before and after voice rehabilitation in a subset of 25 patients. Cohen's
d,
the standard error of measurement (
SEM
), and the minimal detectable change (MDC) assessed sensitivity. The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) assessed responsiveness.

Results

Test–retest reliability was excellent, ICC(A, 1) = .96. Weeklong mean effort was statistically higher in the patients than in controls (
d
= 1.62) and lower after voice rehabilitation (
d
= 1.75), supporting construct validity and sensitivity.
SEM
was 4.14, MDC was 11.47, and MCID was 9.74. Since the MCID was within the error of the measure, we must rely upon the MDC to detect real changes in ecological vocal effort.

Conclusion
The ecological vocal effort scale offers a reliable, valid, and sensitive method of monitoring vocal effort changes during the daily life of individuals with and without vocal hyperfunction.
A review: Research on corrosive sulphur in electrical power equipment
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Gao Xue , Zhou Jiang , Liu Guoyong , Kuang Xiongwei , Yang Lijun , Liao Ruijin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCorrosive sulphur has been commonly regarded as an enormous threat to electrical power equipment in recent decades. Cuprous sulphide (Cu2S) deposition on the insulating oil and paper insulation caused by sulphur corrosion will bring about insulation deteriorations or failures in power transformers and shunt reactors. A large number of experiments have been carried out to investigate sulphur corrosion and some measures have been come up to solve this issue such as replacement of insulating oil, chemical removal of corrosive sulphur and the addition of passivator and so on. However, there has not been a perfect method to work out this problem completely, and the phenomenon of sulphur corrosion still occurs. This paper intends to provide thorough information of corrosive sulphur in power equipment and give detailed explanations about its corrosion mechanism, hazards and control measures, which is supposed to offer a reference for subsequent researchers.
Research on numerical simulation for partial discharge of epoxy interface excited by high‐frequency sinusoidal voltage
Authors: Wang Jian , Guo Rui , Ping An , Liu Tao , Han Shuai , Li Qingmin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHigh‐frequency sinusoidal voltage excitation is proposed as a feasible method to solve the difficulty of partial discharge detection at the epoxy interface. In order to study the development process of partial discharge under high‐frequency stress, a two‐dimensional plasma simulation model of partial discharge for a needle‐plate electrode structure is established by coupling particle transport equation, Poisson equation and plasma chemical reaction. The model adopts a reaction set to reduce the difficulty of modelling generation, transport and disappearance of charged particles. It realises dynamic simulation of the partial discharge at the epoxy interface. The spatial–temporal distribution characteristics of microscopic parameters such as electron density, electron temperature and surface charge are obtained. Based on this simulation model, the partial discharge characteristics of the epoxy interface at different frequencies are further studied in this work. The results show that with the increase of applied voltage frequency, the electron temperature shows an increasing trend, but its increasing rate gradually slows down; while surface charge accumulation decreases uniformly with the increase of applied voltage frequency. These two factors make the partial discharge severest under the frequency of 10 kHz. The results of the model are verified from two aspects of discharge form and discharge intensity by experimental means.
Statistical strong lensing
Authors: Sonnenfeld Alessandro 
Published: October 2021

Context. Time-delay lensing is a powerful tool for measuring the Hubble constant H0. However, in order to obtain an accurate estimate of H0 from a sample of time-delay lenses, very good knowledge of the mass structure of the lens galaxies is needed. Strong lensing data on their own are not sufficient to break the degeneracy between H0 and the lens model parameters on a single object basis.
Aims. The goal of this study is to determine whether it is possible to break the H0-lens structure degeneracy with the statistical combination of a large sample of time-delay lenses, relying purely on strong lensing data with no stellar kinematics information.
Methods. I simulated a set of 100 lenses with doubly imaged quasars and related time-delay measurements. I fitted these data with a Bayesian hierarchical method and a flexible model for the lens population, emulating the lens modelling step.
Results. The sample of 100 lenses on its own provides a measurement of H0 with 3% precision, but with a −4% bias. However, the addition of prior information on the lens structural parameters from a large sample of lenses with no time delays, such as that considered in Paper I, allows for a 1% level inference. Moreover, the 100 lenses allow for a 0.03 dex calibration of galaxy stellar masses, regardless of the level of prior knowledge of the Hubble constant.
Conclusions. Breaking the H0-lens model degeneracy with lensing data alone is possible, but 1% measurements of H0 require either many more than 100 time-delay lenses or knowledge of the structural parameter distribution of the lens population from a separate sample of lenses.
Galactic and stellar perturbations of long-period comet motion
Authors: Dybczyński Piotr A. , Breiter Sławomir 
Published: October 2021

Context. Thanks to our expanding knowledge of the Galactic and stellar neighborhood of the Solar System, modern long-period comet motion studies must take into account both stellar perturbations and the overall Galactic potential.
Aims. Our aim is to propose algorithms and methods that aid in performing numerical integrations of equations of motion for a small body of the Solar System that are much faster and with greater precision.
Methods. We propose a new formulation of the equations of motion formulated in the Solar System barycentric frame, but one that accurately accounts for the differential perturbations caused by the Galactic potential. To make certain these equations are applied effectively, we provide numerical ephemerides of the Galactic positions of the Sun and a set of potential stellar perturbers.
Results. The proposed methods raise the precision by several orders of magnitude and, simultaneously, greatly reduce the necessary CPU time. The application of this approach is presented with the example of a detailed dynamical study of the past motion of comet C/2015 XY1.
Evaluation of Frequency, Clinical Correlation, and Antibodies Confirmation Profile in Patients with Suspected Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Authors: Martins Filipe F. , Campos Teresa M. L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAntiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by arterial and venous thrombotic manifestations and/or pregnancy-related complications in patients with persistent antiphospholipid (aPL) antibodies. The introduction of Sapporo's classification criteria allowed uniformity in the classification of this pathology, representing a considerable advance in its diagnosis. However, currently some doubts about the application of these criteria still persist. The aim of this study was to contribute to the better understanding of APS by the assessment of aPL prevalence, the association between clinical and laboratory tests, and evaluation of the aPL confirmatory profile.In this study, 1,179 samples from patients with suspected APS of both genders, without age restrictions, who were advised to test for complete aPL's profile were analyzed. The samples were tested for lupus anticoagulant (LAC), anticardiolipin immunoglobulin (Ig) G/IgM and anti-β-2-glycoprotein I IgG/IgM antibodies. Patient samples with isolated test requests for analysis and samples from patients under the influence of anticoagulants or in an infectious process were excluded.The overall positivity found was 17.9% and the most frequent aPL was LAC. The antibodies were determined in isolation and in association. The prevalence of triple positivity was 0.8% and double positivity was 1.8%. Positivity was higher in inpatient/emergency services compared with outpatient services. There was a higher positivity in individuals over 41 years, males, patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, kidney complications, and deep vein thrombosis/thrombophlebitis. The positivity confirmation with second sample was 39.5% and the confirmation profile shows that 50.6% of samples confirmed with same positivity profile; 17.3% with a different profile and regarding to these, 2.5% of the samples confirmed positivity with a different antibody from the previously detected.This study suggests that the aPL's positivity tends to increase with age, showing that the aPL's testing should be avoided during an acute event and reinforces the need for complete aPL laboratory profile in the second sample and subsequent determinations.
Influence of the Connector Area on the Chipping Rate of the VM9 Veneering Ceramic in a Posterior Four-Unit Yttria-Stabilized Tetragonal Zirconia Polycrystal Fixed Dental Prostheses: A Pilot Study
Authors: Haddad Camille , Meyer Jean-Marc , El Ahmadié Mayssaê 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the connector area on the chipping rate of the VM9 veneering ceramic in a 4-unit yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) framework, using a novel sonographic technique.
Materials and Methods The framework was designed as a 4-unit fixed dental prostheses (FDP) with two abutment teeth at the first mandibular premolar and second mandibular molar. The cross-sectional area of the connector was 7.5, 8, or 9 mm2. The prepared teeth were scanned using CAD/CAM technology, and five frameworks were prepared for each design, making a total of 15. The frameworks were divided according to the veneering ceramics: Y-TZP FDPs using Vita VM9 (12 frameworks), and porcelain fused to metal (PFM) FDPs using Vita VM13 (3 frameworks). The specimens were statically loaded until failure. To capture the initiation of the failure within the specimens, a novel sonographic technique, designed for this research, combining acoustic emission and visual monitoring during live load bearing tests, was used to determine the failure load value. Failed frameworks were inspected using a microscope, and failure patterns were identified. One-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests were applied for statistical analysis of the results (p-value ≤ 0.05).
Results Despite the fact that the chipping strength is proportional to the cross-sectional area of the connector, the effect of the cross-sectional area on chipping load revealed no statistically significant differences, while PFMs showed superior chipping strength relative to the zirconia frameworks regardless of the connector's size. A high rate of catastrophic fracture occurred while loading the specimens.
Conclusion The effect of the cross-sectional area on chipping load revealed no statistically significant differences in Y-TZP frameworks. The novel sonographic technique may be a potential method to study the behavior of dental ceramics, including chipping and fracture.
The impact of COVID-19 on digital data practices in museums and art galleries in the UK and the US
Authors: Noehrer Lukas , Gilmore Abigail , Jay Caroline , Yehudi Yo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe first quarter of 2020 heralded the beginning of an uncertain future for museums and galleries as the COVID-19 pandemic hit and the only means to stay ‘open’ was to turn towards the digital. In this paper, we investigate how the physical closure of museum buildings due to lockdown restrictions caused shockwaves within their digital strategies and changed their data practices potentially for good. We review the impact of COVID-19 on the museum sector, based on literature and desk research, with a focus on the implications for three museums and art galleries in the United Kingdom and the United States, and their mission, objectives, and digital data practices. We then present an analysis of ten qualitative interviews with expert witnesses working in the sector, representing different roles and types of institutions, undertaken between April and October 2020. Our research finds that digital engagement with museum content and practices around data in institutions have changed and that digital methods for organising and accessing collections for both staff and the general public have become more important. We present evidence that strategic preparedness influenced how well institutions were able to transition during closure and that metrics data became pivotal in understanding this novel situation. Increased engagement online changed traditional audience profiles, challenging museums to find ways of accommodating new forms of engagement in order to survive and thrive in the post-pandemic environment.
Coprimeness-preserving discrete KdV type equation on an arbitrary dimensional lattice
Authors: Kamiya R. , Kanki M. , Mase T. , Tokihiro T. 
Published: October 2021

We introduce an equation defined on a multi-dimensional lattice, which can be considered as an extension to the coprimeness-preserving discrete KdV like equation in our previous paper. The equation is also interpreted as a higher-dimensional analog of the Hietarinta–Viallet equation, which is famous for its singularity confining property while having an exponential degree growth. As the main theorem, we prove the Laurent and the irreducibility properties of the equation in its “tau-function” form. From the theorem, the coprimeness of the equation follows. In Appendixes A–D, we review the coprimeness-preserving discrete KdV like equation, which is a base equation for our main system, and prove the properties such as the coprimeness.
Solving the Schrödinger equation using program synthesis
Authors: Habershon Scott 
Published: October 2021

We demonstrate that a program synthesis approach based on a linear code representation can be used to generate algorithms that approximate the ground-state solutions of one-dimensional time-independent Schrödinger equations constructed with bound polynomial potential energy surfaces (PESs). Here, an algorithm is constructed as a linear series of instructions operating on a set of input vectors, matrices, and constants that define the problem characteristics, such as the PES. Discrete optimization is performed using simulated annealing in order to identify sequences of code-lines, operating on the program inputs that can reproduce the expected ground-state wavefunctions ψ(x) for a set of target PESs. The outcome of this optimization is not simply a mathematical function approximating ψ(x) but is, instead, a complete algorithm that converts the input vectors describing the system into a ground-state solution of the Schrödinger equation. These initial results point the way toward an alternative route for developing novel algorithms for quantum chemistry applications.