bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Secure Image Encryption Scheme based on Fully-Connected-Like Neural Network and Edge Pixel Reset
Authors: Sheng Yaohui , Li Jinqing , Di Xiaoqiang , Man Zhenlong , Liu Zefei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
When digital images are transmitted and stored in the currently open network environment, they often face various risks. A secure image encryption based on Fully-Connected-Like Neural Network (FCLNN) and edge pixel reset is proposed. Firstly, using random noise to reset the image last-bit of the edge pixels to generate different keys for each encryption. Secondly, the image rows and columns are transformed by Cyclic Shift Transformation (CST), and the moving step is determined according to the chaotic sequence. Then, the image is diffused at the bit-level by using FCLNN. Finally, forward and reverse diffusions are performed on the image to generate the cipher image. In addition, the result of convolution operation between plain image and chaotic sequence is introduced to set the initial value of the chaotic system to establish the correlation between plain image and algorithm, which makes the algorithm resistant to known/chosen plaintext attack. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has negligible loss, and the decrypted image is visually identical to the original image. At the same

time, the algorithm has a large key space, can resist common attacks such as statistical attacks, differential attacks, noise attacks, and data loss attacks, and has high security.
Comparison of physical and psychological health outcomes for motorcyclists and other road users after land transport crashes: an inception cohort study
Authors: Sharwood Lisa , Kifley Annette , Craig Ashley , Gopinath Bamini , Jagnoor Jagnoor , Cameron Ian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Serious injuries and fatalities among vulnerable road users on two wheeled motorised vehicles have increased across Australia and internationally in the past decade, yet fallen for motor vehicle occupants. Almost half of all reported motorcycle injury crashes cause serious injury or death, nearly double that of motor vehicle police-reported crashes. This study explores associations with sociodemographic and pre-injury health characteristics and health outcomes after a road traffic injury; aiming to compare motorcyclists with other road users and inform recovery care. Methods: An inception cohort study recruited 1854 individuals aged >17 years, injured following land-transport crashes in New South Wales, Australia (July 2013-November 2016). Interviews conducted at baseline, 6-and 12-months post-injury elicited demographic, socioeconomic, and self-reported health conditions. Results: 628 (33.9%) motorcyclists, 299 (16.1%) bicyclists and 927 (50%) vehicle occupants were recruited at baseline. Injury patterns differed significantly between groups; motorcyclist injuries were more likely lower extremity, more severe (p<0.001) and result in longer hospital stays (p<0.001). Injured motorcyclists were predominantly male (88.1%, p<0.001), were younger on average (38 years) than bicyclists (41.5 years), had lower income and education levels, and poorer pre-injury physical health than other road user groups. Despite these differences, at 12 months post-injury motorcyclists had better physical health and reported less pain than vehicle occupants. Motorcyclists displayed less evidence of psychological distress than vehicle occupants, but more than bicyclists across several measures used. Conclusions: Road user types differ in important characteristics, including pre-injury health status and recovery after injury, which influences health and recovery outcomes after land-transport crashes. This information could aid post-crash care, such as targeting early intervention strategies not only to injury types, but also to the type of road user, to improve long-term recovery.
Evaluation of Brain Microstructure Changes in Surviving Fetus of Monochorionic Twin Pregnancies With Demise of One Fetus Using Apparent Diffusion Coefficient
Authors: Huo Ran , Wei Yuan , Wang Zheng , Zhao Qiang , Yuan Huishu , Liu Ying 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective

To compare the differences of brain apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in surviving fetuses, twin controls and single fetus controls using diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) sequence, and to perform follow-up study to reveal the underlying cerebral microstructure changes.
Materials and methods

Thirty-two twins with demise of one fetus, 25 twins, and 20 single fetuses were included. DWI was performed and ADC map was reconstructed automatically. ADC values of certain regions were compared among three-groups, and between left- and right-hemisphere in surviving fetuses. ROC was generated to identify ADC values in surviving fetuses and twin controls.
Results

ADC values were lower in bilateral white matter of frontal lobes (left: 1.68 ± 0.19 vs. 1.91 ± 0.26, 1.88 ± 0.19, P < 0.001; right: 1.68 ± 0.18 vs. 1.86 ± 0.24, 1.84 ± 0.21, P = 0.002), parietal lobes (left: 1.80 ± 0.25 vs. 2.00 ± 0.21, 1.92 ± 0.28, P = 0.012; right: 1.81 ± 0.19 vs. 1.99 ± 0.24, 1.92 ± 0.26, P = 0.012) and occipital lobes (left: 1.72 ± 0.24 vs. 1.87 ± 0.20, 1.70 ± 0.24, P = 0.017; right: 1.73 ± 0.23 vs. 1.91 ± 0.22, 1.70 ± 0.27, P = 0.005) in surviving fetuses compared with twin controls and single fetus, respectively. In discriminating surviving fetuses and twin controls, the area-under-the-curve of ADC values in frontal, parietal and occipital lobes were range from 0.677 to 0.737. The combination of frontal and parietal lobes and gestational age had highest area-under-the-curve (0.771, 95% CI 0.648–0.894).
Conclusions

DWI is a very useful sequence for detecting underlying changes. ADC values might be effective indicators of subtle anomalies in surviving fetuses.
Trial registration:
None.
Berberine enhances the anti-HCC effect of NK cells through inhibiting interferon-gamma-mediated PD-L1 expression
Authors: Wang Kunyuan , Gu Chengxin , Yu Ganxiang , Lin Jiaen , Wang Zhilei , Lu Qianting , Xu Yangzhi , Zhao Dan , Jiang Xiaofeng , Zhou Jiyuan , Liu Shiming , Yang Hui 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Berberine (BBR) is an isoquinoline alkaloid with various functions in anti-inflammation, blocking tumor immune escape and enhancing the anti-tumor activity of immune cells. However, its immunomodulatory effect on natural killer (NK) cell activity in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still unclear. Here, we determined whether BBR enhances the anti-HCC effect of NK cells and its mechanism by focusing on the regulation of the Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway. It was found that BBR enhanced the cytotoxicity of NK92-MI cells to HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. The combination of BBR and PBMCs inhibited the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of HCC cells. BBR increased the frequency of CD3−CD56+ and CD3−CD16+ NK cells in peripheral blood isolated from healthy volunteers. Furthermore, the expression of PD-L1 in HCC cells was up-regulated after co-culture with NK-92MI cells or PBMCs. PD-L1 knockdown increased the sensitivity of HCC cells to NK-92MI cells and PBMCs. Mechanisms for BBR blocked the secretion of Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ), thereby inhibiting PD-L1 expression caused by the interaction of NK92-MI cells/PBMCs and HCC cells. Collectively, we are the first to demonstrate that BBR plays an immunomodulatory role by enhancing the cytotoxic effect of NK cells and inhibiting tumor immune escape by reducing the expression of PD-L1. Our study provides a theoretical basis for the clinical application of BBR combined with NK cells in the treatment of HCC.
Ado-trastuzumab for the Treatment of Metastatic HER2-Positive Breast Cancer in Patients Previously Treated with Pertuzumab
Authors: Rabadi Luai Al , Cook Madeline , Kaempf Andy , Saraceni Megan , Savin Michael , Mitri Zahi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Docetaxel in combination with two HER2-directed therapies, trastuzumab and pertuzumab, is the current standard frontline therapy for patients with metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer. Ado-trastuzumab (T-DM1), an antibody-drug conjugate of trastuzumab and a cytotoxic microtubule-inhibitory agent, emtansine, is approved in patients that have progressed with prior trastuzumab-based therapy. However, the benefit of T-DM1 in patients previously treated with pertuzumab therapy for metastatic breast cancer remains unclear.Methods: We identified thirty-three adults with metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer treated between March 2013 and July 2018 with T-DM1 either as subsequent therapy after progression on a pertuzumab-based regimen (i.e., “pertuzumab-pretreated”) or without prior exposure to pertuzumab (i.e., “pertuzumab-naïve”). Collected data included patient demographics, treatment history, adverse events, and clinical outcomes. For both cohorts receiving T-DM1, the primary endpoint was PFS and secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), overall response rate (ORR), clinical benefit rate (CBR), and T-DM1-related toxicity rate.Results: Pertuzumab-pretreated patients (n=23, with 21 evaluable for T-DM1 efficacy) had a median PFS of 9.5 months (95% CI: 2.9–NA), 1-year OS rate of 67.4% (95% CI: 50.0%–90.9%) with an unreached median, ORR of 14.3% (95% CI: 3.0%–36.3%), and CBR of 52.4% (95% CI: 29.8%–74.3%), with none of these measures being statistically different than those estimated for the pertuzumab-naïve group (n=10). Treatment with T-DM1 after prior pertuzumab exposure (median T-DM1 duration 2.9 months) resulted in no grade ≥ 3 adverse events.Conclusions: Prior exposure to pertuzumab did not impact survival outcomes in patients receiving T-DM1 for metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer.
Residues, degradation behavior of cyproconazole in Sichuan pepper and its dietary risk assessment
Authors: Xu Feng , Ren Wenhao , Xu Duo , Qu Ying , Qi Juanfei , Yan Xiaobo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this study, an efficient method was developed and validated to determine cyproconazole in Sichuan pepper samples using the QuEChERS procedure and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The average recoveries of the method were 96.2%-104.5% with the relative standard deviation (RSDs) below 7.6%, the limit of detection (LOD), and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 0.001 mg/kg and 0.02 mg/kg. The field trial results showed that cyproconazole in two Sichuan pepper matrices was rapidly dissipated with half-lives less than 8.8 days, which could be regarded as an easy degradation pesticide. The terminal residues of cyproconazole in Sichuan pepper samples were lower than the maximum residue limit (MRL) set by China (0.2 mg/kg registered on wheat). The calculated hazard quotient and acute hazard index lower than 100% illustrated that the use of cyproconazole, even at 1.5 times the highest recommended dose, does not pose any hazards to consumers.
Exogenous D-β-Hydroxybutyrate Lowers Blood Glucose by Decreasing the Availability of L-Alanine for Gluconeogenesis
Authors: Mota Adrian Soto , Norwitz Nicholas , Evans Rhys , Clarke Kieran 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundInterventions that acutely increase blood ketone concentrations simultaneously lower blood glucose levels, although the explanation for this phenomenon is unknown. The hypoglycaemic effect of acute ketosis is greater in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in whom gluconeogenesis contributes significantly to their hyperglycaemia. One gluconeogenic substrate secreted by skeletal muscle at higher levels in people with T2D is L-alanine. Infusion of ketones lowers circulating L-alanine blood levels, so here we sought to determine whether supplementation with L-alanine would attenuate the hypoglycaemic effect of a ketone ester (KE) drink. MethodsThis crossover study involved two separate visits for 10 healthy human volunteers who fasted for 24 hours prior to the ingestion of 25 g of d-β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB) monoester (ΔG®). During one of the visits participants ingested 2 g of L-alanine. Blood L-alanine, L-glutamine, glucose, βHB, free fatty acids (FFA), lactate, and C-peptide were measured. FindingsThe KE drinks elevated blood βHB concentrations from negligible to 4.5 ± 1.24 mM/l, and lowered both glucose, from 4.97 to 3.77 ± 0.4 mM/l, and L-alanine from 0.56 to 0.41 ± 0.9 mM/l. L-alanine in the KE drink elevated blood L-Alanine to 0.56 ± mM/l, but had no significant effect on blood βHB, L-glutamine, FFA, lactate, or C-peptide concentrations. Preventing the KE-induced decrease in L-alanine by supplementing it significantly attenuated the glucose drop from mean 28% to 16% (p<0.001). (Illustrated in Figure 1).ConclusionsThe hypoglycaemic effect of acutely elevated βHB is, at least partially, due to βHB decreasing L-alanine availability as a substrate for gluconeogenesis.
Gastrointestinal Segments Influenced Fermentation End-Products, Microbiota and Microbial Abundances in Goats
Authors: Gebremariam Tsegay , Tan Zhiliang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Carbohydrate diets altered fermentation end-products and microbial community in the gastrointestinal tracts (GIT) of goats. Gastrointestinal contents used to determine the impact of carbohydrate feeds on fermentation end-products and microbial community in goats.Methodology: in the study goats were assigned to one of the two treatments corn meal (CM) or Corn gluten (CG) in a randomized block design (400 g/kg DM each). Goats were slaughtered, GIT liquids were used to determine dissolved gasses, fatty acids and microbial community.Results: Goats fed CG increased molar acetate (P < 0.05), lowered butyrate and propionate in the fore and hindgut comparing to those goats received CM. Goats received CM had higher (P < 0.05) dH2 while lowered dH2S in the fore and hindgut than those goats fed with CG treatment. The fore and hindgut had higher (P < 0.01) 16S rRNA gene copies of bacteria, protozoa, methanogens and 18S rRNA gene copies fungi than in the ileum and cecum. Goats fed CG diet had higher (P < 0.05)16S rRNA gene copies of bacteria, protozoa, methanogens, and 18S rRNA gene copies of fungi than those goats fed with CM diet. Conclusion fore and hindguts improved dissolved gasses, fatty acids and microbial community comparing with in the ileum and cecum. Goats fed CM had improved the Methanobacterials order and Methanobrevibacter genus as compared with those goats fed CG. The study suggested that hindgut segments have a reasonable contribution as foregut to methane emissions from goats.
MiR-571 affects the development and progression of liver fibrosis by regulating the Notch3 pathway
Authors: Cong Shuo , Liu Yongmei , Li Yi , Chen Yu , Chen Rui , Zhang Baofang , Yu Lei , Hu Yaxin , Zhao Xueke , Mu Mao , Huang Zhi , Cheng Mingliang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Exploring the expression of miR-571 in patients with liver fibrosis and its role in the progression of liver fibrosis. A total of 74 patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis accompanied by liver fibrosis in our institution from September to December 2018 were collected for study, and the expression of miR-571 in patients with different progressions of liver fibrosis was determined by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Set up Notch3 up group and Notch3 down regulated group, RT-PCR and Western blot were used to determine the effect of Notch signaling on the expression of fibrogenic α-SMA, collagen I. CCK-8, cell scratch assays, Transwell assays, flow cytometry were used to determine the effect of miR-571 on LX-2 proliferation, migration, apoptosis in human stem stellate cells, and RT-PCR, Western blot assays were performed to determine the effect of miR-571 on the Notch3 signaling pathway and the expression of profibrogenic factors. miR-571 is up-regulated in patients with liver fibrosis and is associated with the progression of liver fibrosis. Notch3 signaling pathway can promote the expression of fibroblast in human hepatic stellate cells; miR-571 can inhibit the apoptosis of human hepatic stellate cells, promote cell proliferation and migration; up regulation of miR-571 can promote the expression of Notch3 and Jagged 1; up regulation of miR-571 can also promote the expression of fibroblast. miR-571 can promote the activation of human stem stellate cells and the expression of fibroblasts through Notch 3 signaling pathway.
Translation and Adaptation of The EORTC QLQ-LC 29 for Use in Chinese Patients with Lung Cancer
Authors: Dai Wei , Wang Yaqin , Liu Yangjun , Wei Xing , Osman Ahmed M.Y. , Pompili Cecilia , Koller Michael , Wang Qifeng , Wang Yi , Ge Jun , Xie Tianpeng , Li Qiang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

The latest European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire-Lung Cancer 29 (QLQ-LC29) has been translated and validated in several languages but not yet in simplified Chinese. This study aimed to translate this questionnaire into simplified Chinese and adapt it for use in Chinese patients with lung cancer.
Methods

The translation and adaptation process followed the EORTC translation procedure, and consisted of eight steps, namely, translation consent, forward translations, reconciliation, back translations, a back translation report, proofreading, pilot testing, and finalisation. The pilot testing included 10 patients with lung cancer.
Results

We obtained the permission to perform the EORTC QLQ-LC29 translation work on November 17, 2020. Thereafter, it took 3 weeks to complete the forward translations, reconciled translation, and back translations. After several rounds of discussion with the EORTC Translation Unit, 19 items used the existing translations from the EORTC item library and 10 items were translated from scratch. The 10 patients included in the pilot testing phase had a median age of 64 years (range, 31–69 years); five were male; five had an educational level of high school or above, and six had undergone surgery. Eight items received comments from patients (six items by one patient alone and the other two items by three patients). No patient commented on the instructions or the format used for responses. After discussion with the EORTC Translation Unit, we modified the Chinese wording in item 50 to ensure that the meaning of “lifeless” was clear. No changes were made to the remaining items.
Conclusions

The simplified Chinese version of the EORTC QLQ-LC29 is now available on the EORTC website. This translation may contribute to the application of the EORTC QLQ-LC29 scale in both research and clinical practice in the Chinese population with lung cancer. Further evaluation of the psychometric properties of the translated EORTC QLQ-LC29 is warranted.
As a Useful Biomonitor of Toxic Trace Element Contamination in the Highly Urbanised Istanbul, Turkey; Mytilus Galloprovincialis
Authors: TÜRKOĞLU Semra , KAYA Gokce , YAMAN Mehmet 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this study, concentrations of toxic trace elements were determined by an ICP-MS device in the edible tissues of Mytilus galloprovincialis from the Marmara Sea, İstanbul-Turkey. Concentrations of As, Pb, Cd, Hg, Ni, and Zn were investigated in digestive gland, gills, and muscles tissues of the mussel.According to the results obtained in the study, As, Pb, Cd, Ni, and Zn in the digestive gland of M. galloprovincialis were above the permissible concentrations (mgkg-1), which were 0.672 for Cd, 6.870 for As, 0.788 for Pb, 1.990 for Ni and 42.6 for Zn. The results show that Cd and As mean concentrations in muscle of M. galloprovincialis were above the permissible legal limits. Furthermore, Cd and Ni mean concentrations in gills of M. galloprovincialis were above the permissible levels. Furthermore, it was observed that the highest value belonged to As in the digestive gland of mussels with 65.42% of Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake. At the same time, the lowest percentage belonged to Zn with 0.22% of PTWI in muscles and 0.313% of PTWI in gills of the mussels. Thus, it is recommended that As, Pb, Cd, Hg, Ni, and Zn concentrations in seafood samples, particularly in mussels, should be monitored periodically.
Managerial Perspectives on Integration of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Services into the Ghanaian Public Healthcare System: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Essel Maame Yaa Pomaa Nhyira , Amon Samuel , Agyemang Samuel Agyei , Aikins Moses 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background This study explores healthcare managers’ perspective of integration of CAM service into Ledzorkuku Krowor Municipal (LEKMA) Hospital in Ghana. Methods A questionnaire on CAM services integration was constructed and distributed to all 9 healthcare managers at the Ledzorkuku Krowor Municipal (LEKMA) Hospital.Results The level of integration of CAM services into the health care system was good. The overall self-reported depth of integration was found to be good (2.23), the self-reported extent of was 100% and perceived scope of integration was classified as excellent (90.1%). The drivers of integration process were made up of 7 (19.1%) of the elements of integration functions (47) assessed. Conclusion The drivers of integration were mainly the elements of integration functions of patient satisfaction, right of patients to use other services, interpersonal systems, monitoring and supervision systems, nature of working relationship among staff, reporting, and financial management.
Estimating Responders to Treatment Using Five Indices of Significant Individual Change
Authors: Hays Ron D. , Slaughter Mary E. , Spritzer Karen L. , Herman Patricia M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Identifying how many individuals significantly improve (“responders”) provides important supplementary information beyond group mean change about the effects of treatment options. This supplemental information can enhance interpretation of clinical trials and observation studies. This study provides a comparison of five ways of estimating the significance of individual change.Methods: Secondary analyses of the Impact Stratification Score (ISS) for chronic low back pain which was administered at two timepoints in two samples: 1) three months apart in an observational study of 1,680 patients undergoing chiropractic care; and 2) 6 weeks apart in a randomized trial of 720 active-duty military personnel with low back pain. The ISS is the sum of the PROMIS-29 v2.1 physical function, pain interference and pain intensity scores and has a possible range of 8 (least impact) to 50 (greatest impact). The five methods of evaluating individual change compared were: 1) standard deviation index; 2) standard error of measurement (SEM); 3) standard error of estimate; 4) standard error of prediction; and 5) reliable change index.Results: Internal consistency reliability of the ISS at baseline was 0.90 in Sample 1 and 0.92 in Sample 2. Effect size of change on the ISS was -0.16 in Sample 1 and -0.59 in Sample 2. The denominators for the five methods in Sample 1 (Sample 2) were 7.6 (8.4) for the standard deviation index, 2.4 (2.4) for the SEM, 2.3 (2.3) for the standard error of estimation, and 3.3 (3.4) for the standard error of prediction and the reliable change index. The amount of change on the ISS needed for significant individual change in both samples was about 15-16 for the standard deviation index, 5 for the SEM and for the standard error of estimation, and 7 for the standard error of prediction and reliable change index. The percentage of people classified as responders ranged from 1% (standard deviation index in Sample 1) to 57% (SEM and standard error of estimate in Sample 2).Conclusions: The standard error of prediction and reliable change index estimates of significant change are consistent with retrospective ratings of change of at least moderately better in prior research. These two are less likely than other methods to classify people as responders who have not actually gotten better.