bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neanderthals of Porto Selvaggio in southern Italy: lithic industry of Grotta Torre dell'Alto (Nardò, Lecce)
Authors: Ranaldo Filomena , Massafra Dario , Kitagawa Keiko 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTPorto Selvaggio in southern Italy is where the Uluzzian culture was first identified and documented, providing key insights into the transition from the Middle to the Upper Paleolithic. The area has also yielded evidence for continuous occupations by Neanderthals spanning between Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5 and 3. Situated in the Natural Regional Park of Porto Selvaggio, different sites were excavated by Borzatti von Löwenstern in the 1960 and 1970s. As one of the initiatives in the research program of the Museo della Preistoria di Nardò, we have revisited the artifact assemblages from these caves. Based on the lithic analysis of production sequences, we document the development of Levallois and laminar methods before MIS 3 when this form of reduction sequence presumably dominated in the region according to the previous research. The review of the lithic assemblages is combined with the contextualization of chronostratigraphy and paleoenvironmental study in the region to consider the possible role that this region had for Neanderthals during unfavorable climatic conditions.
Determining the diagenetic paths of archaeofaunal assemblages and their palaeoecology through artificial intelligence: an application to Oldowan sites from Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania)
Authors: Pizarro‐Monzo Marcos , Organista Elia , Cobo‐Sánchez Lucía , Baquedano Enrique , Domínguez‐Rodrigo Manuel 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTThe implementation of deep‐learning methods to the taphonomic analysis of the microscopic modification of bone‐surface modifications exposed to different chemical diagenetic pathways can effectively discriminate between acidic and alkaline soil properties, indirectly reflecting different ecological conditions. Here we use this novel method to assess the sedimentary conditions of two of the oldest Oldowan archaeofaunal records (DS and PTK, Bed I) from Olduvai Gorge Bed I in Tanzania. We show how the results support different diagenetic conditions for both penecontemporaneous sites, which are appropriate for their respective locations on the palaeolandscape to which they belonged. We also show how geochemical analyses of the clay deposit that embedded both sites indicate a similar soil pH divergence. PTK was formed on an alluvial sloping surface affected by rills but draining efficiently, which resulted in alkaline soil conditions, that optimised bone‐surface preservation. DS occurred in a more depressed area that underwent intermittent flooding, affecting soil chemistry by creating more acidic conditions. This impacted on bone surfaces by dynamically modifying mark morphology. This deep‐learning approach has relevance for the interpretation of the local palaeoecological conditions of both assemblages and their respective depositional loci. The results presented here open a new window to the incremental information gain through the use of artificial intelligence methods in taphonomic and palaeoecological research.
Neuro‐controller for broadcast lighting light‐emitting diode to express white light with high color rendering index
Authors: Park Sung‐Chan , Hwang Kwang‐Bok , Park Jin‐Hyun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTechnical characteristics analysis related to correlated color temperature (CCT), color rendering, and illuminance is required to use light‐emitting diode (LED) as broadcast lighting. In general, to realize a white light source with a high color rendering index (CRI), we selected the appropriate emission intensity of RGBW LED through trial and error. However, the characteristics of the LED light source and environmental conditions make it difficult to perform the procedure several times. The objective of this study was to design a system that could control illuminance, CCT, and ∆uv while having high CRI, as an LED control method for broadcasting lighting. The controller implements using a feed‐forward neural network with excellent nonlinear function approximation capability. We measure data directly from the red green blue white (RGBW) LED system for neural network training. We then select data with high CRI from the measured raw data and choose data for neural network learning by removing measurement noise using the quadratic polynomial interpolation method. The performance evaluation confirms that the proposed neural network controller shows excellent results as an RGBW LED controller for broadcast lighting in the Planckian locus and all regions of white light.
The impact and experience of debriefing for clinical staff following traumatic events in clinical settings: A systematic review
Authors: Scott Zoe , O'Curry Sara , Mastroyannopoulou Kiki 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHealth care professionals are more frequently exposed to potentially traumatic events than individuals in other professions. Repeated trauma exposure can significantly impact both physical and mental health. In clinical settings, the term “debriefing” refers to a group meeting during which clinical events and decision‐making are reviewed and discussed to improve clinical practice. The present review investigated the use of debriefing for clinical staff in clinical settings following exposure to direct and vicarious trauma. We examined whether the use of posttrauma debriefing impacts symptoms of distress and explored how clinical staff experience debriefing; we also investigated the factors that influence this experience. A systematic search of five electronic databases was conducted between August 31 and September 2, 2019. Included articles (N = 13) described the use of debriefing in clinical settings with clinical staff following a traumatic event. We assessed methodological quality and performed a narrative synthesis. Four studies found some evidence of the benefits of debriefing for reducing psychological sequelae to traumatic events. Seven studies commented on factors that clinical staff perceived to be important for the debriefing to feel helpful, including the being given the opportunity for reflection, gaining a shared experience, and having the right peer facilitator. Some evidence suggests that debriefing with staff working in clinical settings can reduce posttraumatic distress symptoms, and subjective evidence suggests that clinical staff members perceive debriefing to be useful. Due to the limited literature, no firm conclusions could be drawn, and further methodologically sound research is required.
The Utility of Comorbidity Indices in Assessing Head and Neck Surgery Outcomes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pai Kavya , Baaklini Carla , Cabrera Claudia I. , Tamaki Akina , Fowler Nicole , Maronian Nicole 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate the utility of comorbidity index (CI) scores in predicting outcomes in head and neck surgery (HNS). The CIs evaluated were the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (ECI), Kaplan‐Feinstein Index (KFI), American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA‐PS), Adult Comorbidity Evaluation‐27 (ACE‐27), National Cancer Institute Comorbidity Index (NCI‐CI), and the Washington University Head and Neck Comorbidity Index (WUHNCI).MethodsWe report a systematic review according to the 2009 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. Electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase) and manual search of bibliographies identified manuscripts addressing how CI scores related to HNS outcomes.ResultsA total of 116 studies associated CI scores with HNS outcomes. CIs were represented in the literature as follows: ASA‐PS (70/116), CCI (39/116), ACE‐27 (24/116), KFI (7/116), NCI‐CI (3/116), ECI (2/116), and WUHNCI (1/116). The most frequently cited justification for calculating each CI (if provided) was: CCI for its validation in other studies, ACE‐27 for its utility in cancer patients, and ECI for its comprehensive design. In general, the CCI and ACE‐27 were predictive of mortality in HNS. The ECI was most consistent in predicting >1‐year mortality. The ACE‐27 and KFI were most consistent in predicting medical complications.ConclusionDespite inconsistencies in the literature, CIs provide insights into the impact of comorbidities on outcomes in HNS. These scores should be employed as an adjunct in the preoperative assessment of HNS patients. Comparative studies are needed to identify indices that are most reliable in predicting HNS outcomes.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 132:1388–1402, 2022
Evaluation of the current bacteriological profile and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in chronic suppurative otitis media
Authors: Wan Draman Wan Nur Anis , Md Daud Mohd Khairi , Mohamad Hazama , Hassan Siti Asma , Abd Rahman Normastura 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the current microbiological profile of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM), their antimicrobial sensitivity, their resistance pattern to locally available antibiotics and the appropriate antibiotic against isolated microorganisms causing CSOM.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study involved 91 ear swab specimens obtained from patients clinically diagnosed with active CSOM. Swabs were cultured for microbial identification according to a standard protocol. We performed antibiotic susceptibility testing, using the modified Kirby‐Bauer disc diffusion method, and the diameter of the inhibition zone was interpreted based Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.ResultsMicrobial growth was seen in 85 (93.4%) samples, but 6 (6.6%) samples had no growth. Among the samples with growth, 63 (69.2%) were monomicrobial, 13 (14.3%) were polymicrobial, and 9 (9.9%) were of mixed growth with more than three microorganisms. The most common bacteria isolated was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (32.6%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (16.9%) and Klebsiella spp. (5.6%). The most sensitive antibiotics against P aeruginosa were ceftazidime, meropenem, piperacillin‐tazobactam, and cefepime. S aureus showed the highest sensitivity toward rifampin, cefoxitin, and fusidic acid.ConclusionsThe bacteriological profile of CSOM showed a high prevalence of P aeruginosa, followed by S aureus and Klebsiella spp. with different distributions in different age groups. We observed a declining pattern of their antibiotic sensitivity. It is important to be aware of the current trend of the bacteriological profiles and to revise the antibiotic regime according to both the sensitivity and age groups.Level of Evidence: NA.
Hyperbaric phototherapy augments blood carbon monoxide removal
Authors: Fischbach Anna , Traeger Lisa , Farinelli William A. , Ezaka Mariko , Wanderley Hatus V. , Wiegand Steffen B. , Franco Walfre , Bagchi Arayna , Bloch Donald B. , Anderson R. Rox , Zapol Warren M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesCarbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is responsible for nearly 50,000 emergency department visits and 1200 deaths per year. Compared to oxygen, CO has a 250‐fold higher affinity for hemoglobin (Hb), resulting in the displacement of oxygen from Hb and impaired oxygen delivery to tissues. Optimal treatment of CO‐poisoned patients involves the administration of hyperbaric 100% oxygen to remove CO from Hb and to restore oxygen delivery. However, hyperbaric chambers are not widely available and this treatment requires transporting a CO‐poisoned patient to a specialized center, which can result in delayed treatment.Visible light is known to dissociate CO from carboxyhemoglobin (COHb). In a previous study, we showed that a system composed of six photo‐extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) devices efficiently removes CO from a large animal with CO poisoning. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the application of hyperbaric oxygen to the photo‐ECMO device would further increase the rate of CO elimination.Study Design/Material and MethodsWe developed a hyperbaric photo‐ECMO device and assessed the ability of the device to remove CO from CO‐poisoned human blood. We combined four devices into a “hyperbaric photo‐ECMO system” and compared its ability to remove CO to our previously described photo‐ECMO system, which was composed of six devices ventilated with normobaric oxygen.ResultsUnder normobaric conditions, an increase in oxygen concentration from 21% to 100% significantly increased CO elimination from CO‐poisoned blood after a single pass through the device. Increased oxygen pressure within the photo‐ECMO device was associated with higher exiting blood PO2 levels and increased CO elimination. The system of four hyperbaric photo‐ECMO devices removed CO from 1 L of CO‐poisoned blood as quickly as the original, normobaric photo‐ECMO system composed of six devices.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the feasibility and efficacy of using a hyperbaric photo‐ECMO system to increase the rate of CO elimination from CO‐poisoned blood. This technology could provide a simple portable emergency device and facilitate immediate treatment of CO‐poisoned patients at or near the site of injury.
Dislocation cell walls with high dislocation density as effective hydrogen traps in Armco iron
Authors: Chen Lin , Antonov Stoichko , Su Yanjing , Qiao Lijie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe effect of cold rolling (CR) deformation on the hydrogen permeation and trapping behavior of pure iron was systematically investigated. Increased deformation resulted in a decreased effective hydrogen diffusion coefficient, an extended effective lattice interstitial hydrogen diffusion path length, and increased hydrogen trap densities. However, the proportion of irreversible hydrogen traps to all traps was constant irrespective of the deformation level in the range of 30%–70% CR and increased when the deformation reached 80%. This is because the dislocation cell wall is composed of a central layer with high trap‐binding capacity and an outer layer with low trap‐binding capacity. More importantly, once the dislocation density in the center layer of the dislocation cell walls reached a relatively high value due to the severe plastic deformation, these regions become effective irreversible hydrogen traps.
Effect of anodic potential on the characteristics of passive films grown on a brass alloy in a soil environment
Authors: Liang Zhi‐Peng , Jiang Kai‐Xi , Feng Bai‐Ao , Li Lin , Zhang Ting‐An 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe effect of the anode potential on the electrochemical performance and protective ability of the passive film formed on the brass alloy in the soil solution of the Zhouyuan site was investigated by electrochemical measurements, atomic force microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The corrosion resistance of brass alloy in a corrosion soil environment decreases with the increase of applied anodic potential. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicate that the passive film is mainly composed of metal oxide. Mott–Schottky results revealed that the passive films behave as p‐type semiconductors at passive potentials and the acceptor density is in the range of 1021 cm−3 and increased with an increase in the film‐forming potential.
Extraction and Physicochemical Properties Assessment of Chitin and Chitosan from Fish Scales
Authors: Kumar Manish , Agrawal Richa , Pareek Nidhi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractChitin and chitosan (CHS) are extensively explored due to their remarkable biomedical applications. In the present study, chitin has been extracted from fish scales employing chemical process and further converted to the more valuable CHS. The obtained chitin and CHS are analyzed for their physicochemical properties. FTIR spectra verify the pattern of β‐chitin. The thermal analysis advocates the effectiveness of the process to obtain considerable yields of stable chitin and CHS. Approximately 0.26 g of CHS is obtained using 1 g of fish scales. Hence, fish scales can be explored as a potential source for production of chitin and CHS that could further be exploited for biomedical or agricultural applications.
Structural and Morphological Modifications Induced by Fe Ion Implantation in Sb2Te3 Thin Films
Authors: Yadav Jyoti , M. Divakaran Anoop , Yadav Nisha , Singh Rini , Rao N. Srinivasa , Singh Fouran , Ichikawa Takayuki , Jain Ankur , Awasthi Kamlendra , Kumar Manoj 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRecently, considerable interest has been initiated by the influence of magnetic dopants as well as the generation of internal strain on the transport properties of topological insulators. The controlled bulk charge carriers in topological insulators help in removing barriers for surface‐dominated transport. In this work, the impact of Fe‐ion implantation on the structural and optical properties of Sb2Te3 thin films is presented. The implantation is done with low energy Fe4– ions at three different fluences (1 × 1013, 1 × 1014, and 5 × 1014 ions cm−2). The structural studies carried out using X‐ray diffraction measurements show that the thin films exhibit rhombohedral structures with an R‐3m space group. A monotonic decrease in the lattice parameter “c” is also observed with increasing ion fluence confirms the contraction in lattice after implantation with ions of smaller radii. The optical studies indicate the structural strain induces by implantation. The incorporated Fe ion affects the grain size, as studied by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) measurements. The suppression of grain boundaries towards the highest fluence point is towards a possibility of surface reconstruction.
Predictors of empowerment in parents of children with autism and related neurodevelopmental disorders who are undergoing genetic testing
Authors: Peltekova Iskra , Yusuf Afiqah , Frei Jennifer , Savion‐Lemieux Tal , Joober Ridha , Howe Jennifer , Scherer Stephen W. , Elsabbagh Mayada 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited empirical data quantifying the utility of genetic testing for families of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or related neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). We assessed the utility of clinical chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), defined by diagnostic yield and parental empowerment, in population‐based sample of parents of affected children; and explored child, family, and health services factors predictive of empowerment.MethodsParticipants were families of children undergoing diagnostic assessments, between 2016 and 2019. Diagnostic yield of CMA in affected children was determined. Parental empowerment was measured through adapted version of the Genetics Counseling Outcome Scale‐24. Parents completed questionnaires to capture child, family, and health service factors.ResultsThe diagnostic yield of CMA was 2.8% for pathogenic variants. Parental empowerment was significantly correlated with family functioning and aspects of perceived family‐centeredness of care. The model accounted for 49.8% of the variation in parental empowerment, F (10,37) = 3.67, p = 0.002. After accounting for other predictors, parental perception of the provision of general information remained significantly associated with empowerment.ConclusionThe informational needs of families play an important role in their empowerment during genetic testing. Meeting these needs and monitoring empowerment can aid genomic technologies integration in personalized healthcare for ASD/NDD.
Identification of novel variations in the NTRK1 gene causing congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis
Authors: Li Shang , Hu Hua‐ying , Xu Jun‐Jun , Feng Zhan‐ke , Sun Yong‐qing , Chen Xu , Yang Kai , Li Ya‐zhou , Zhang Dong‐liang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundCongenital insensitivity to pain (CIP) conditions are a group of Mendelian disorders with clinical and genetic heterogeneity. CIP with anhidrosis (CIPA) is a distinct subtype caused by biallelic variants in the NTRK1 gene.MethodsIn this study, six families with CIPA were recruited and submitted to a series of clinical and genetic examinations. Whole‐exome sequencing and whole‐genome sequencing were applied to perform a comprehensive genetic analysis. Sanger sequencing was used as a validation method.ResultsThese patients exhibited phenotypic variability. All probands in the six families were positive for biallelic pathogenic variants in NTRK1. Five individual variants, namely NTRK1: (NM_002529.3) c.851‐33T>A, c.717+2T>C, c.1806‐2A>G, c.1251+1G>A, and c.851‐794C>G, including three novel ones, were identified, which were carried by the six patients in a homozygous or compound heterozygous way. The validation results indicated that all the parents of the six probands, except for one father and one mother, were monoallelic carriers of a single variant.ConclusionsThe findings in our study extended the variation spectrum of the NTRK1 gene and highlighted the advantage of the integrated application of multiplatform genetic technologies.
Workflow for automatic renal perfusion quantification using ASL‐MRI and machine learning
Authors: Bones Isabell K. , Bos Clemens , Moonen Chrit , Hendrikse Jeroen , van Stralen Marijn 
Published: October 2021

PurposeClinical applicability of renal arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI is hampered because of time consuming and observer dependent post‐processing, including manual segmentation of the cortex to obtain cortical renal blood flow (RBF). Machine learning has proven its value in medical image segmentation, including the kidneys. This study presents a fully automatic workflow for renal cortex perfusion quantification by including machine learning‐based segmentation.MethodsFully automatic workflow was achieved by construction of a cascade of 3 U‐nets to replace manual segmentation in ASL quantification. All 1.5T ASL‐MRI data, including M0, T1, and ASL label‐control images, from 10 healthy volunteers was used for training (dataset 1). Trained cascade performance was validated on 4 additional volunteers (dataset 2). Manual segmentations were generated by 2 observers, yielding reference and second observer segmentations. To validate the intended use of the automatic segmentations, manual and automatic RBF values in mL/min/100 g were compared.ResultsGood agreement was found between automatic and manual segmentations on dataset 1 (dice score = 0.78 ± 0.04), which was in line with inter‐observer variability (dice score = 0.77 ± 0.02). Good agreement was confirmed on dataset 2 (dice score = 0.75 ± 0.03). Moreover, similar cortical RBF was obtained with automatic or manual segmentations, on average and at subject level; with 211 ± 31 mL/min/100 g and 208 ± 31 mL/min/100 g (P < .05), respectively, with narrow limits of agreement at −11 and 4.6 mL/min/100 g. RBF accuracy with automated segmentations was confirmed on dataset 2.ConclusionOur proposed method automates ASL quantification without compromising RBF accuracy. With quick processing and without observer dependence, renal ASL‐MRI is more attractive for clinical application as well as for longitudinal and multi‐center studies.