bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
УКРЕПЛЕНИЯ БАССЕЙНА АВВАКУМОВКИ В ВОСТОЧНОМ ПРИМОРЬЕ
Authors: О.В. Дьякова 
Published: November 2021

В статье на основе архивных источников и полевых исследований предлагается картирование и классификация девяти древних и средневековых укреплений бассейна р. Аввакумовки Восточного Приморья (Ольгинский район Приморского края). По геоморфологической характеристике укрепления относятся к мысовому, долинному и горному типам. Установлено, что фортификационные памятники создавались носителями разных культур (янковской, польцевской, мохэской, чжурчжэньской), датируемых I тыс. до н. э. – первой половиной II тыс. н. э. Впервые выявлено, что Михайловское городище относится к польцевской культуре эпохи Средневековья (VI в. н. э.). Расположение укреплений вдоль реки и ее притоков свидетельствует о функционировании здесь сухопутной и морской дорог. Сухопутная дорога спускалась с перевала к морю, морская магистраль пролегала вдоль побережья Японского моря.
Based on archival sources and field research, the paper offers mapping and classification of nine ancient and medieval fortifications located in the Avvakumovka River basin in Eastern Primorye (Olga district of Primorye). Regarding their geomorphological characteristics, the fortifications are referred to promontory, valley and mountainous types. It has been discovered that the fortifications were built by people representing various cultures (the Yankovka, the Poltse, the Mohe, the Jurchen cultures) dating to I mill. BC – first half of II mill. AD. It has been established for the first time that the Mikhaylovskoye fortified settlement is attributed to the Poltse culture of the medieval period (6th century). The location of the fortifications along the river and its tributaries suggest existence of local overland and marine roads. The overland road descended from a mountain pass to the sea, whereas the marine road ran along the coastline of the sea of Japan.
ВНЕШНИЕ ОБОРОННЫЕ СООРУЖЕНИЯ ЧЖУРЧЖЭНЬСКИХ ГОРОДОВ ГОСУДАРСТВА ВОСТОЧНОГО СЯ
Authors: Н.Г. Артемьева , С.В. Макиевский 
Published: November 2021

Государство Восточное Ся (1215–1233 гг.) было создано чжурчжэнями для защиты от монгольского вторжения на территории Северо-Востока Китая, в которую входил юг Дальнего Востока России. При строительстве городов-крепостей широко использовались естественно-географические условия. Горный ландшафт создавал возможность строить горные городища в распадках сопок, используя природные условия как дополнительные преграды. При исследовании фортификационных сооружений Шайгинского городища были выявлены основные и дополнительные оборонные сооружения чжурчжэньских укрепленных поселений, прослежена эволюция средневекового оборонного зодчества Дальнего Востока. В наиболее уязвимых местах возводились внешние дополнительные сооружения – реданы и отсекающие валы. Редан Шайгинского городища представлял собой сооружение шириной около 30 м, окруженное тремя валами и тремя рвами. В качестве дополнительного укрепления применялись отсекающие рвы, которые перекрывали подходы по мысам к городищу. На Шайгинском городище прослежено четыре отсекающих рва. Внешние фортификационные сооружения в виде редана и отсекающих рвов выполняли функцию первой линии защиты чжурчжэньских городов-крепостей. Эти укрепления впервые зафиксированы на горных городищах периода государства Восточного Ся. Их можно считать достижением чжурчжэньских градостроителей XIII в.
The Eastern Xia Kingdom(1215–1233) was established by the Jurchens to defend themselves against invasions of the Mongols in North-East Chinathat included the southern parts of the Far East of Russia. Local topographic features were widely used in construction of city fortresses. Mountain landscape provided an opportunity to build mountainous fortified settlements into narrow valleys of sopkas to follow the natural terrain contours and use them to create additional obstacles. Excavations of the Shayginskoye hillfort revealed main and additional defensive constructions of Jurchen fortified settlements tracing the evolution of medieval defensive architecture in the Far East. Additional external constructions such as redans and cut-off ramparts were erected in soft spots of fortifications. The redan of the Shayginskoye hillfort was a construction around 20 mwide which was surrounded with three ramparts and three ditches. Cut-off ditches that closed access to the hillfort through promontories were used as an additional obstacle. Four cut-off ditches were identified at the Shayginskoye hillfort. External fortification constructions such as redans and cut-off ditches served to be the first defensive line of Jurchen fortress cities. This type of fortifications was recorded for the first time in mountainous hillforts of Eastern Xia. They can be regarded as an achievement of Jurchen town planners of the 13th century.
ИЗОТОПНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ СКЕЛЕТНЫХ ОСТАНКОВ ЛЮДЕЙ ИЗ ГРОБНИЦЫ ХРАМА В ГОРЗУВИТАХ: ХРОНОЛОГИЯ, ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПИТАНИЯ, МОБИЛЬНОСТЬ
Authors: М.В. Добровольская , А.В. Мастыкова 
Published: November 2021

Палеоантропологические материалы из коллективного погребения в храме в Горзувитах исследованы с целью получения сведений о времени функционирования гробницы. Минимальное число индивидов в гробнице – 20. Это мужчины, женщины и дети разных возрастов. Результаты радиоуглеродного датирования 14 образцов указывают использование погребального сооружения с VII по XII в. Однако анализ изотопного состава азота и углерода коллагена костной ткани дает основание предполагать значительный резервуарный эффект, обусловленный употреблением морских продуктов. Предполагаемый период функционирования гробницы XI–XIII вв. Судя по изотопным данным, основную долю обыденного рациона людей составляли растительные продукты, морская рыба, доля мясной и молочной пищи, скорее всего, была невелика. Эта структура питания находит аналогии в питании средневекового византийского населения с территории Греции. Данные об изотопном составе стронция эмали зубов позволяют предполагать, что все индивиды жили в сходных геохимических условиях, недавних мигрантов из отдаленных районов не встречено.
Palaeoanthropological remains from a multiple grave in the church at Gorzuvity have been examined to obtain information about the time the sepulchral vault was in operation. The minimum number of the individuals in the grave is 20. These are males, females and children of various ages. The radiocarbon dating of 14 samples demonstrates that the funerary construction was used from the 7th till the 12th centuries. However, the analysis of the nitrogen and carbon isotopes in the bone tissue collagen suggests a strong reservoir effect caused by consumption of marine food. The tentative period of the vault operation ranges between the 11th and 13th centuries. Based on the stable isotope data, plant food and sea fish accounted for the largest part of everyday human dietary intake; the share of meat and milk products is likely to have been low. This diet pattern finds analogies in the diet system of medieval Byzantine population in Greece. The data on the isotope composition of strontium from tooth enamel suggest that all individuals lived in similar geochemical conditions; no non-locals from far-away regions have been identified.
КРАНИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ ИЗ МОГИЛЬНИКОВ АЛАНСКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ СЕВЕРНОГО КАВКАЗА III – ПЕРВОЙ ПОЛОВИНЫ V в. н. э.
Authors: В.Ю. Малашев , С.Ю. Фризен 
Published: November 2021

В статье анализируются материалы из могильников раннего этапа аланской культуры с территории РСО-Алании и Чеченской Республики. По данным палеоантропологии и археологии делается вывод, что население предгорной полосы, оставившие в том числе Бесланский могильник, являются предками для погребенных в некрополях аланской культуры Среднего Терека (Братские 1-е курганы, Октябрьский I и Киевский I м-ки); а последние стали основным культурным компонентом в формировании населения Западного Прикаспия, в первую очередь Южного Дагестана, что иллюстрируется материалами Паласа-сыртского могильника.
The paper analyzes materials from the Alan cemeteries in the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania and the Chechen Republic. Analyzing the data of palaeoanthropology and archaeology, the authors come to the conclusion that the population of the piedmont belt that left behind cemeteries including the Beslan cemetery are ancestors of the people buried in Alan necropolises located in the Middle Terek region (Bratskiye 1st kurgans and Oktyabrskiy I and Kievskiy cemeteries). The latter represent the main cultural component in formation of the population that settled in the western Caspian region, in particular, southern Dagestan, as illustrated by the remains from the Palasa-Syrt cemetery.
УЧАСТИЕ СОТРУДНИКОВ МОСКОВСКОГО ОТДЕЛЕНИЯ ИНСТИТУТА ИСТОРИИ МАТЕРИАЛЬНОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ АН СССР В РАБОТЕ ЧРЕЗВЫЧАЙНОЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ КОМИССИИ (1943–1944 гг.)
Authors: А.А. Кудрявцев , С.А. Володин 
Published: November 2021

В 1943–1944 гг. сотрудники Института истории материальной культуры принимали участие в работе Чрезвычайной государственной комиссии (ЧГК). Это выражалось в составлении инструкций по установлению стоимости различных археологических памятников для определения нанесенного им ущерба в период оккупации, составлении их списков и анкетировании. В 1944 г. ИИМК по заданию ЧГК организовал восемь экспедиций в освобожденные районы РСФСР и УССР с целью обследования ряда поселений и курганных могильников, а также музеев с археологическими коллекциями, пострадавших в военные годы. Участие в деятельности ЧГК позволило Московскому отделению ИИМК сохранить основные функции научного учреждения в тяжелый период войны.
In 1943–1944 the staff of the Institute for the History of Material Culture was involved in the work performed by the Extraordinary State Commission. The Institute staff prepared guidelines to be used in assessing the value of various archaeological sites to determine the damage caused to the sites during the occupation period, prepared relevant lists and conducted questionnaire-based interviews. In 1944 by order of the Extraordinary State Commission, the Institute organized eight expeditions to the liberated regions of the Russian SFR and the Ukrainian SSR in order to survey a number of settlements and kurgan burial grounds as well as museums with archaeological collections damaged during the war. Involvement in the activities of the Extraordinary State Commission enabled the Moscow Branch of the Institute to continue performing its main functions as a research institution during the hard time of the war.
МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ «ЗНАКИ И ОБРАЗЫ В ИСКУССТВЕ КАМЕННОГО ВЕКА»: ИСТОКИ И ИТОГИ
Authors: Е.С. Леванова , Г.А. Хлопачев , К.Н. Гаврилов 
Published: November 2021

27–29 ноября 2019 г. в Институте археологии РАН состоялась Международная конференция «Знаки и образы в искусстве каменного века», организованная Центром палеоискусства и отделом каменного века ИА РАН, Музеем антропологии и этнографии им. Петра Великого (Кунсткамера) РАН, Международной ассоциированной лабораторией «Мультидисциплинарные исследования первобытного искусства Евразии» (ARTEMIR) и Новосибирским государственным университетом. Это третье мероприятие в ряду конференций, связанных с темой изучения монументального и мобильного искусства каменного века. В работе конференции приняли участие специалисты из ряда научных учреждений России, Франции, Великобритании, Германии, Румынии, Швейцарии, Португалии, Норвегии, Италии, Казахстана, было заслушано 45 устных докладов и представлено 8 стендовых докладов. Работа конференции была организована по пяти направлениям, охватывающим проблемы археологического контекста в изучении искусства малых форм и наскальных изображений; изучения знаков и геометрических изображений, техники и стилистики исполнения пещерного и наскального искусства; дискуссий о семантике знаков и образов в искусстве каменного века, а также методологии изучения изображений.
On November 27–29, 2019, the Institute of Archaeology (RAS) held the international conference on the Signs and Images in Stone Age Art organized by the Center of Palaeoart and the Stone Age Department of the Institute of Archaeology (RAS), the Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) (RAS), the International Associated Laboratory ‘Multidisciplinary Research of Prehistory Art of Eurasia’ (ARTEMIR) and Novosibirsk State University. It was the third event of this kind in a series of conferences held to discuss research of Stone Age monumental and portable art. The conference was attended by scholars from a number of research institutes of Russia, France, the UK, Germany, Rumania, Switzerland, Portugal, Norway, Italy, and Kazakhstanwho made 45 presentations and organized 8 poster presentations. The conference focused on five areas covering the issues of the archaeological context in studying portable items and rock images as well as signs and geometric images, technology and stylistical features of cave and rock art; discussions of semantics of signs and images in Stone Age art and methodology for examining images.
ОБРАЗ КОНЯ ПО МАТЕРИАЛАМ ОБРАБОТАННОЙ КОСТИ ВЕРХНЕПАЛЕОЛИТИЧЕСКИХ СТОЯНОК БЫКИ
Authors: Н.Б. Ахметгалеева 
Published: November 2021

Данная работа посвящена анализу зооморфных скульптурных изображений из бивня мамонта со стоянок Быки-1 и Быки-7, I культурный слой (бассейн реки Сейм, Русская равнина). Радиоуглеродные некалиброванные даты этих памятников находятся в диапазоне 18–16 тыс. л. Поделки отличаются по форме, но их объединяет набор технологических приемов изготовления, стилистика и схематизация зооморфных изображений. Аналогичен и их археологических контекст. Предметы оставлены древними людьми преднамеренно при покидании стоянки. Несмотря на выявленные различия, мы полагаем сходную семантику и их предназначение, связанные с конкретными охотничьими ритуалами. Особое внимание уделено образу коня/лошади, который, по одной из гипотез, имеет важное значение в мировосприятии древних обитателей этих стоянок.
The paper represents an analysis of the zoomorphic sculpture ivory objects from the Upper Paleolithic sites of Byki-1 and Byki-7, layer I (Seym River Basin, Russian Plain). Radiocarbon uncalibrated dates for these sites fall within 18 and 16000 BP. Figurines differ in form, but they are united by technological methods of manufacturing and the style / schematic of the zoomorphic image. Their archaeological context is similar. The items were left by the ancient people deliberately while leaving the site. We believe their similar semantics and purpose of zoomorphic figurines associated with specific hunting rituals. Particular attention is paid to the image of a horse / horse, which, according to one hypothesis, is important in the worldview of the ancient inhabitants of these sites.
Views of Adolescent Bhutanese Refugees on Home Learning During School Shutdown Across the Period of COVID-19
Authors: Mudwari Nabaraj , Beasy Kim , Murphy Carol , Cuskelly Monica 
Published: November 2021

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is now a global crisis, resulting in the intermittent closure of many schools, worldwide. The school closures are believed to have affected adolescents’ education, particularly for vulnerable adolescents including those from a refugee-background. The study explores the home learning experiences of adolescent Bhutanese refugees in Tasmania, Australia and draws on social capital theory to interpret findings. Interviews with adolescent Bhutanese refugees revealed four overarching themes: disengagement from learning, the experience of isolation, the complexity of family relationships and motivation through relationships. This article makes an important practical and theoretical contribution to home learning through challenging Putnam’s binary distinction between bonding and bridging and suggesting alternative conceptualisations based on the role of bonding in the creation of bridging social capital. These findings have potential implications for the development of mitigation measures to support refugee-background students under extraordinary circumstances.
Identification and Validation of Pyroptosis-Related Gene Signature to Predict Prognosis and Reveal Immune Infiltration in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Fu Xiao-Wei , Song Chun-Qing 
Published: November 2021

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by a poor prognosis and accounts for the fourth common cause of cancer-related deaths. Recently, pyroptosis has been revealed to be involved in the progression of multiple cancers. However, the role of pyroptosis in the HCC prognosis remains elusive.Methods: The clinical information and RNA-seq data of the HCC patients were collected from the TCGA-LIHC datasets, and the differential pyroptosis-related genes (PRG) were firstly explored. The univariate Cox regression and consensus clustering were applied to recognize the HCC subtypes. The prognostic PRGs were then submitted to the LASSO regression analysis to build a prognostic model in the TCGA training cohort. We further evaluated the predictive model in the TCGA test cohort and ICGC validation cohort (LIRI-JP). The accuracy of prediction was validated using the Kaplan—Meier (K-M) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses. The single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was used to determine the differential immune cell infiltrations and related pathways. Finally, the expression of the prognostic genes was validated by qRT-PCR in vivo and in vitro.Results: We identified a total of 26 differential PRGs, among which three PRGs comprising GSDME, GPX4, and SCAF11 were subsequently chosen for constructing a prognostic model. This model significantly distinguished the HCC patients with different survival years in the TCGA training, test, and ICGC validation cohorts. The risk score of this model was confirmed as an independent prognostic factor. A nomogram was generated indicating the survival years for each HCC patient. The ssGSEA demonstrated several tumor-infiltrating immune cells to be remarkably associated with the risk scores. The qRT-PCR results also showed the apparent dysregulation of PRGs in HCC. Finally, the drug sensitivity was analyzed, indicating that Lenvatinib might impact the progression of HCC via targeting GSDME, which was also validated in human Huh7 cells.Conclusion: The PRG signature comprised of GSDME, GPX4, and SCAF11 can serve as an independent prognostic factor for HCC patients, which would provide further evidence for more clinical and functional studies.
Heme Oxygenase-1 Predicts Risk Stratification and Immunotherapy Efficacy in Lower Grade Gliomas
Authors: Ye Wenrui , Liu Zhixiong , Liu Fangkun , Luo Cong 
Published: November 2021

Background: Gliomas are the most common tumors in human brains with unpleasing outcomes. Heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1, HO-1) was a potential target for human cancers. However, their relationship remains incompletely discussed.Methods: We employed a total of 952 lower grade glioma (LGG) patients from TCGA and CGGA databases, and 29 samples in our hospital for subsequent analyses. Expression, mutational, survival, and immune profiles of HMOX1 were comprehensively evaluated. We constructed a risk signature using the LASSO Cox regression model, and further generated a nomogram model to predict survival of LGG patients. Single-cell transcriptomic sequencing data were also employed to investigated the role of HMOX1 in cancer cells.Results: We found that HMOX1 was overexpressed and was related to poorer survival in gliomas. HMOX1-related genes (HRGs) were involved in immune-related pathways. Patients in the high-risk group exhibited significantly poorer overall survival. The risk score was positively correlated with the abundance of resting memory CD4+ T cells, M1, M2 macrophages, and activated dendritic cells. Additionally, immunotherapy showed potent efficacy in low-risk group. And patients with lower HMOX1 expression were predicted to have better response to immunotherapies, suggesting that immunotherapies combined with HMOX1 inhibition may execute good responses. Moreover, significant correlations were found between HMOX1 expression and single-cell functional states including angiogenesis, hypoxia, and metastasis. Finally, we constructed a nomogram which could predict 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival in LGG patients.Conclusion:HMOX1 is involved in immune infiltration and predicts poor survival in patients with lower grade glioma. Importantly, HMOX1 were related to oncological functional states including angiogenesis, hypoxia, and metastasis. A nomogram integrated with the risk signature was obtained to robustly predict glioma patient outcomes, with the potential to guide clinical decision-making.
Vitamin D-Mediated Anti-cancer Activity Involves Iron Homeostatic Balance Disruption and Oxidative Stress Induction in Breast Cancer
Authors: Bajbouj Khuloud , Sahnoon Lina , Shafarin Jasmin , Al-Ali Abeer , Muhammad Jibran Sualeh , Karim Asima , Guraya Salman Y. , Hamad Mawieh 
Published: November 2021

Background:Vitamin D deficiency associates with high risk of breast cancer (BRCA) and increased cellular iron. Vitamin D exerts some of its anti-cancer effects by regulating the expression of key iron regulatory genes (IRGs). The association between vitamin D and cellular iron content in BRCA remains ambiguous. Herein, we addressed whether vitamin D signaling exerts a role in cellular iron homeostasis thereby affecting survival of breast cancer cells.Methods:Expression profile of IRGs in vitamin D-treated breast cancer cells was analyzed using publicly available transcriptomic datasets. After treatment of BRCA cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 with the active form of vitamin D, labile iron content, IRGs protein levels, oxidative stress, and cell survival were evaluated.Results:Bioinformatics analysis revealed several IRGs as well as cellular stress relates genes were differentially expressed in BRCA cells. Vitamin D treatment resulted in cellular iron depletion and differentially affected the expression of key IRGs protein levels. Vitamin D treatment exerted oxidative stress induction and alteration in the cellular redox balance by increasing the synthesis of key stress-related markers. Collectively, these effects resulted in a significant decrease in BRCA cell survival.Conclusion:These findings suggest that vitamin D disrupts cellular iron homeostasis leading to oxidative stress induction and cell death.