bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Curriculum design for social, cognitive and emotional engagement in Knowledge Building
Authors: Zhu Gaoxia , Raman Preeti , Xing Wanli , Slotta Jim 
Published: July 2021

AbstractKnowledge Building has been advanced as a pedagogy of engaged learning where students identify as a community whose purpose is to advance their shared ideas. This approach, which has been studied for three decades (Scardamalia & Bereiter, in: K. Sawyer (ed) Cambridge handbook of the learning sciences, Cambridge University Press, 2014), includes cognitive, social constructivist, and emotional elements (Zhu et al. in User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction, 29: 789–820, 2019b). This paper investigates how refining Knowledge Building activities based on students’ feedback impacts their social, cognitive, and emotional engagement. Using a design-based research method, we refined successive course activities based on feedback from 23 Masters of Education students. With successive iterations, we found that the density of students’ reading networks increased; they theorized more deeply, introduced more authoritative resources, and made greater efforts to integrate ideas within the community knowledge base. As well, their level of negative affect decreased. These findings suggest that soliciting students’ input into course design can benefit their engagement and disposition toward learning, with implications for curriculum design.
Intussusception in a child with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: a remarkable presentation with literature review – a case report
Authors: Majumder Ankur , Misra Sunayana , Kumar Vijay , Arora Shilpa Khanna 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Gastrointestinal complications are not uncommon in patients of Acute Leukemia. Intussusception as a complication in leukemia, although described, is exceedingly rare. Also, it is usually seen after chemotherapy and not as a part of the native disease process. This case report aims to highlight such a rare association which warrants clinical and pathological attention.

Case presentation
A 14 year old male presented with an acute abdomen. Initial routine investigations revealed a deranged blood picture. On further examination of bone marrow aspirate, biopsy and detailed immunohistochemical studies a diagnosis of B-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (B-ALL) was made. Concurrent ultrasound of the abdomen to find a cause for severe abdominal pain revealed an Ileo-colic intussusception. The patient was started on steroids; however he succumbed to his illness after two days, before surgery could be attempted.

Conclusion
Rare presentations of relatively common diseases are a hurdle for timely and effective medical intervention. Although a rare condition in itself in leukemic patients, the occurrence of Intussusception in this particular patient, especially when no chemotherapy was initiated, is a very rare event. This case report was made to add to the relatively scarce literature available on this particular association. As it is a surgically treatable condition and since delay in diagnosis may lead to poorer prognosis, possibility of co-existence of ALL and intussusception should be borne in mind by all treating physicians and hematopathologists for effective patient care.
Added value of contrast-enhanced spectral mammogram in assessment of suspicious microcalcification and grading of DCIS
Authors: Shetat Ola Magdy Mohamed , Moustafa Amr Farouk Ibrahim , Zaitoon Sara , Fahim Mohamed Ibrahim Ibrahim , Mohamed Ghada , Gomaa Mohammed Mohammed 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Breast microcalcifications are one of the most difficult mammographic findings to assess. The purpose of this study is to assess the ability of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography in the assessment of suspicious microcalcification and in predicting the grade of DCIS.

Methods
Three hundred and forty cases with suspicious microcalcification were reviewed in this study. We excluded 160 cases associated with masses. We enrolled 180 cases for analysis of suspicious microcalcification on mammograms with no underlying masses. We reviewed the microcalcification for their morphology, distribution, and associated pathological enhancement according to BI-RADS lexicon with pathology results reviewed and classified into benign and malignant which subdivided into low, intermediate, or high-grade DCIS or invasive carcinoma.

Results
Three hundred and forty cases with suspicious microcalcification were reviewed in this study. We excluded 160 cases associated with masses. Forty-five of 180 cases were benign, and 135/180 cases were malignant. Twenty-five of 135 cases were diagnosed as invasive breast carcinomas while 110/135 were ductal carcinoma in situ. From the latter, 110 patients with DCIS, 22/110 cases were low grade, 11/110 cases were intermediate grade, and 77/110 cases were high grade (44 with micro-invasion). A total of 25 invasive carcinomas showed pathological non-mass enhancement, 76/77 cases of high-grade DCIS, and 6/11 cases of intermediate-grade DCIS. No abnormal enhancement appeared with benign entities, low-grade DCIS, and 5/11 cases of intermediate DCIS. The diagnostic performance of CESM in anticipation of high grade in DCIS patients was sensitivity of 98%, specificity of 81.8%, and accuracy of 93.1%. CESM sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in prediction of invasiveness or high-grade DCIS were 98.5%, 81.8%, and 87.5%, respectively.

Conclusion
CESM can provide a fundamental contribution in the evaluation of suspicious microcalcification as high-grade DCIS or invasive component can present by non-mass enhancement, but enhancement paucity is favorable to diagnose benign lesion or non-invasive/low-grade DCIS.
Microbial etiologies of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in intensive care unit of Beni-Suef University’s Hospital
Authors: Maebed Al Zahraa M. , Gaber Yasser , Bakeer Walid , Dishisha Tarek 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundVentilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a major health problem for people intubated in intensive care units (ICUs), leading to increased mortality rates, hospital stay, and treatment costs. In the present study, the core pathogens causing VAP in Beni-Suef University's Hospital, Egypt, was investigated over a study period of 2 years (2017–2019).ResultsOf a total of 213 patients subjected to mechanical ventilation, 60 have developed VAP during their stay in the ICU. The mortality rate reached 41.7% among VAP patients. Sixty bacteria were isolated from an endotracheal aspirate of hospitalized patients. The different isolates were cultured followed by running biochemical tests, sensitivity assays, and automated VITEK®2 System analysis. Unexpectedly, all the isolates were Gram-negative bacteria.Klebsiella pneumoniaewere the main pathogen encountered (27/60 isolates) followed byAcientobacter baumannnii(7/60) and other microorganisms belonging to the generaMoraxella,Escherichia, andPseudomonas(11/60). Antibiotic sensitivity testing was performed via the VITEK®2 System using up to 16 different antibiotics representing 8 different antibiotic classes and subclasses (aminoglycosides, carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, penicillin/β-lactamase inhibitor, extended-spectrum cephalosporins, aminopenicillins, aminopenicillins/β-lactamase inhibitor, folic acid synthesis inhibitor). Majority of the isolates (28/60) showed a remarkable extensive drug resistance (XDR) pattern, while 15 isolates were multi-drug resistant (MDR) and only 6 were pan-drug resistant (PDR) with regard to antibiotics under evaluation.ConclusionThe association of VAP with multi-drug-resistant bacteria is alarming, and rapid management is crucial. Identification of core pathogens is essential for identifying the most appropriate technique for infection control.
The universal unambiguous discriminator between two unknown qudit states
Authors: Wang Wenshi , Zhou Tao 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this work, the unambiguous discrimination between two unknown states in d-dimensional

Hilbert space is investigated. To achieve this goal, the Hilbert space of the states is divided into a series of subspaces, where the components of the two states projected in some of these subspaces can be unambiguously distinguished, and then the unambiguous discriminator between two unknown qudit states can be constructed. Moreover, the optimal success probability of the discrimination between two unknown states is obtained and the form of detection operators is given.
Segmentation and patterning of the vertebrate hindbrain
Authors: Krumlauf Robb , Wilkinson David G. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
During early development, the hindbrain is sub-divided into rhombomeres that underlie the organisation of neurons and adjacent craniofacial tissues. A gene regulatory network of signals and transcription factors establish and pattern segments with a distinct anteroposterior identity. Initially, the borders of segmental gene expression are imprecise, but then become sharply defined, and specialised boundary cells form. In this Review, we summarise key aspects of the conserved regulatory cascade that underlies the formation of hindbrain segments. We describe how the pattern is sharpened and stabilised through the dynamic regulation of cell identity, acting in parallel with cell segregation. Finally, we discuss evidence that boundary cells have roles in local patterning, and act as a site of neurogenesis within the hindbrain.
A study protocol for the development of a SPIRIT extension for trials conducted using cohorts and routinely collected data (SPIRIT-ROUTINE)
Authors: McCarthy Megan , O'Keeffe Linda , Williamson Paula R. , Sydes Matthew R. , Farrin Amanda , Lugg-Widger Fiona , Davies Gwyneth , Avery Kerry , Chan An-Wen , Kwakkenbos Linda , Thombs Brett D. , Watkins Alan , Hemkens Lars G. , Gale Chris , Zwarenstein Merrick , Langan Sinead M. , Thabane Lehana , Juszczak Edmund , Moher David , Kearney Patricia M. 
Published: July 2021

Background: Protocols are an essential document for conducting randomised controlled trials (RCTs). However, the completeness of the information provided is often inadequate. To help improve the content of trial protocols, an international group of stakeholders published the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) Initiative in 2013. Presently, there is increasing use of cohorts and routinely collected data (RCD) for RCTs because these data have the potential to improve efficiencies by facilitating recruitment, simplifying, and reducing the cost of data collection. Reporting guidelines have been shown to improve the quality of reporting, but there is currently no specific SPIRIT guidance on protocols for trials conducted using cohorts and RCD. This protocol outlines steps for developing SPIRIT-ROUTINE, which aims to address this gap by extending the SPIRIT guidance to protocols for trials conducted using cohorts and RCD. Methods: The development of the SPIRIT-ROUTINE extension comprises five stages. Stage 1 consists of a project launch and a meeting to finalise the membership of the steering group and scope of the extension. In Stage 2, a rapid review will be performed to identify possible modifications to the original SPIRIT 2013 checklist. Other key reporting guidelines will be reviewed to identify areas where additional items may be needed, such as the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) extension for trials conducted using cohorts and RCD (CONSORT-ROUTINE). Stage 3 will involve an online Delphi exercise, consisting of two rounds and involving key international stakeholders to gather feedback on the preliminary checklist items. In Stage 4, a consensus meeting of the SPIRIT-ROUTINE steering group will finalise the items to include in the extension. Stage 5 will involve the publication preparation and dissemination of the final checklist. Conclusion: The SPIRIT-ROUTINE extension will contribute to improving design of trials using cohorts and RCD and transparency of reporting.
Identifying the Sickest During Triage: Using Point‐of‐Care Severity Scores to Predict Prognosis in Emergency Department Patients With Suspected Sepsis
Authors: Prasad Priya A , Fang Margaret C , Martinez Sandra P , Liu Kathleen D , Kangelaris Kirsten N 
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUNDSepsis progresses rapidly and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Bedside risk stratification scores can quickly identify patients at greatest risk of poor outcomes; however, there is lack of consensus on the best scale to use.OBJECTIVETo compare the ability of quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA), the National Early Warning System (NEWS2), and the Shock Index–which does not require mental status assessment–to predict poor outcomes among patients with suspected sepsis during triage.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSRetrospective cohort study of adults presenting to an academic emergency department (ED) from June 2012 to December 2018 who had blood cultures and intravenous antibiotics within 24 hours.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESClinical data were collected from the electronic health record. Patients were considered positive at qSOFA ≥2, Shock Index >0.7, or NEWS2 ≥5 scores. We calculated test characteristics and area under the receiver operating characteristics curves (AUROCs) to predict in‐hospital mortality and ED‐tointensive care unit (ICU) admission.RESULTSWe included 23,837 ED patients; 1,921(8.1%) were qSOFA‐positive, 4,273 (17.9%) Shock Index‐positive, and 11,832 (49.6%) NEWS2‐positive. There were 1,427 (6.0%) deaths and 3,149 (13.2%) ED‐to‐ICU admissions in the sample. NEWS2 had the highest sensitivity for in‐hospital mortality (76.0%) and ED‐to‐ICU admission (78.9%). qSOFA had the highest specificity for in‐hospital mortality (93.4%) and ED‐to‐ICU admission (95.2%). Shock Index exhibited the highest AUROC for in‐hospital mortality (0.648; 95 CI, 0.635‐0.662) and ED‐to‐ICU admission (0.680; 95% CI, 0.617‐0.689). Test characteristics were similar among those with sepsis.CONCLUSIONSInstitution priorities should drive score selection, balancing sensitivity and specificity. In our study, qSOFA was highly specific and NEWS2 was the most sensitive for ruling out patients at high risk. Performance of the Shock Index fell between qSOFA and NEWS2 and could be considered because it is easy to implement.
Antyamerykańska trauma i nostalgia za komunizmem we włoskiej wojnie o pamięć na przykładzie twórczości Giorgia Gabera
Authors: Podemski Piotr 
Published: July 2021

Anti-American Trauma and Nostalgia for Communism in the Italian Memory War as Presented in Giorgio Gaber’s Work
Although the contemporary Italian memory war originally stems from a debate around the trauma of the 1943-1945 civil war between Italian Fascists and the Resistance, it’s almost equally crucial aspect remains that of the two conflicting narratives of the early Cold War period (1945-1948). One of those is the dominant memory pattern, imposed by the ruling Christian Democratic Party (pro-American and anti-Communist), opposed by the alternative and marginalized view promoted by the Communists (anti-American and pro-Communist). Giorgio Gaber (1939-2003), a famous Italian cantautore (singer-songwriter), is one the exponents of anti-American trauma and nostalgia for communism within the latter narrative. In his two famous texts, America and Some used to be Communists, he offers precious insights into these aspects of his generation’s own memory and their ancestors’ post-memory of the post-war period.
How Do Shocks Arise and Spread Across Stock Markets? A Microstructure Perspective
Authors: Bongaerts Dion , Roll Richard , Rösch Dominik , van Dijk Mathijs , Yuferova Darya 
Published: July 2021

We study intraday, market-wide shocks to stock prices, market liquidity, and trading activity on international stock markets and assess the relevance of recent theories on “liquidity dry-ups” in explaining such shocks. Market-wide price shocks are prevalent and large, with rapid spillovers across markets. However, price shocks are predominantly driven by information; they do not revert and are often associated with macroeconomic news. Furthermore, liquidity shocks are typically isolated and transitory. Overall, we find little evidence for liquidity effects fomenting price shocks or non-fundamental contagion, nor for alternative explanations. Market-wide liquidity dry-ups are thus of little concern to international investors. This paper was accepted by Karl Diether, finance.
Percepções de agentes de combate a endemias e da população quanto aos fatores que influenciam na proliferação do mosquito Aedes aegypti
Authors: Salvi Fabíola Inês , Martinelli Da Silveira Nadine , Busato Maria Assunta , Roman Júnior Walter Antônio , Lutinski Junir Antônio 
Published: July 2021

O mosquito Aedes aegypti é uma espécie sinantrópica e antropofílica que tem preferência e facilidade de proliferar em áreas urbanas. É considerado o principal vetor de viroses como a Febre Amarela, Dengue, Febre Chikungunya e Zika vírus. Há uma carência de estudos que abordem as interações regionais do inseto com a população humana. Este estudo visou descrever as percepções de Agentes de Combate a Endemias (ACE) e da população quanto aos fatores que influenciam na proliferação do A. aegypti. O estudo teve como referência geográfica a cidade de Chapecó (SC). A coleta de dados contemplou ACE ativos no programa municipal de controle da dengue (PMCD) e a população, cidadãos maiores de 18 anos, residentes no município. A coleta de dados foi realizada em outubro de 2017. Foram utilizados um questionário (ACS) e um roteiro de entrevistas (população). Os dados foram tabulados, categorizadas e avaliadas quanto às frequências. Foram entrevistados 41 ACE e 200 cidadãos. Ao todo, 61% dos ACE citaram a gestão inadequada de resíduos sólidos como facilitador para a proliferação do vetor O acúmulo de resíduos em terrenos baldios foi citado por 71% da população entrevistada. Este estudo demonstrou que os sujeitos da pesquisa têm o conhecimento necessário para atuar sobre a infestação do vetor. Os achados contribuem para a prevenção de agravos à saúde. Fornecem subsídios para o desenvolvimento de políticas e estratégias de comunicação em saúde e para o controle vetorial.
Day-case unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: a literature review and development of a novel hospital pathway
Authors: Wignadasan W , Thompson JW , Ibrahim M , Kayani B , Magan A , Haddad FS 
Published: July 2021

Introduction We have seen unparalleled changes in our healthcare systems globally as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. As we strive to regenerate our full capacity elective services in order to contest the increasing demand for lower limb arthroplasty, this pandemic has allowed us a rare opportunity to revise and develop novel elective arthroplasty pathways intended to improve patient care and advance healthcare efficiency. We present an extensive evidence-based review of the approaches used to achieve day-case unicompartmental arthroplasty (UKA) as well as the development of a day-case UKA care pathway in a UK NHS institution based on the evidence provided in the literature. Methods An extensive search of the literature was performed for articles that reported on readmission or complication rates ≥30 days postoperatively following day-case UKA. Findings Fifteen manuscripts reporting the results of day-case UKA, defined as discharged on the same calendar day of surgery, were included in our review. Mean reported complication rates for day-case and inpatient UKA within the follow-up periods were 4.05% and 6.52%, respectively. Mean readmission rates were 2.71% and 4.36% for day-case and inpatient UKA, respectively. The mean rate of successful same-day discharge was 92.45%. Conclusion We introduce our institutional Elective Day Surgery Arthroplasty Pathway (EDSAP) founded upon the evidence presented in the literature. Stringent patient selection complimented by a well-defined day-case arthroplasty pathway is fundamental for successful commencement of day-case UKA in the NHS.
Effect of microstructures on temperature and stress distributions of an irradiated alumina surface
Authors: Dong Bo , Wei Tianlu , Hu Shuo , Qin Jianbo , Chen Jiaxuan 
Published: July 2021

Three types of alumina surface irradiated by laser are simulated in this study to investigate stray light ablation. Results indicate that temperature fields of triangular and rectangular microstructures exhibit the “head effect,” while overall still exhibit Gaussian distributions. For the stress, there is a notable difference between the microstructure surface and the ideal surface. The most stress concentration occurs at the corners on the microstructure surface termed as the “bottom effect.” The maximum tensile stress of a triangular microstructure appears below the midline of the slope. The location of the maximum tensile stress on the triangle first shifts down and then up. The inflection point is 0.9 µm in height of the triangle.
Multi-exposure interferometric diffusing wave spectroscopy
Authors: Zhou Wenjun , Zhao Mingjun , Kholiqov Oybek , Srinivasan Vivek J. 
Published: July 2021

We present multi-exposure interferometric diffusing wave spectroscopy
(MiDWS), which measures brain blood flow index (BFI) continuously and
non-invasively. MiDWS employs interferometry to detect low light
levels, probing the optical field autocorrelation indirectly by
varying the sensor exposure time. Here MiDWS is compared with
conventional interferometric diffusing wave spectroscopy and speckle
contrast optical spectroscopy in phantoms. Notably, the MiDWS approach
enables the use of low frame rate, two-dimensional complementary
metal–oxide semiconductor cameras in a short exposure time regime,
where detector noise greatly exceeds the sample photon count. Finally,
we show that MiDWS can monitor the BFI simultaneously at two
source-collector separations (1 and 3 cm) on the adult human head on a
single camera, enabling the use of superficial signal regression
techniques to improve brain specificity.
High-Q ultrasensitive integrated photonic sensors based on slot-ring resonator on a 3C-SiC-on-insulator platform
Authors: Wu Xi , Fan Tianren , Eftekhar Ali A. , Hosseinnia Amir H. , Adibi Ali 
Published: July 2021

We demonstrate, to the best of our knowledge, the first high-

Q

silicon carbide (SiC) integrated photonic sensor based on slot-ring resonators on a 3C-SiC-on-insulator (SiCOI) platform. We experimentally demonstrate an intrinsic

Q

of 17,400 at around 1310 nm wavelength for a slot-ring resonator with 40 µm radius with water cladding. By applying different concentrations of a sodium chloride (NaCl) solution that covers the devices, measured bulk sensitivities of 264–300 nm/RIU (refractive index unit) are achieved in the slot-ring resonator with a 400–450 nm rail width and a 100–200 nm slot width. The device performance for biomolecular layer sensing (BMLS) is proved by the detection of the cardiac biomarker troponin with 248–322 pm/nm surface sensitivity. The reported slot-ring resonators can be of great interest for diverse sensing applications from visible to infrared wavelengths.