bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prophylactic Efficacy of Tibial Plateau Levelling Osteotomy for a Canine Model with Experimentally Induced Degeneration of the Cranial Cruciate Ligament
Authors: Shimada Masakazu , Kanno Nobuo , Ichinohe Tom , Suzuki Shuji , Harada Yasuji , Hara Yasushi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjective The aim of this study was to clarify the histological effects of tibial plateau levelling osteotomy on cranial cruciate ligament degeneration induced by excessive tibial plateau angle.Study Design Five female Beagles were used to bilaterally create excessive tibial plateau angle models surgically. A second tibial plateau levelling osteotomy was performed 11 months after the first surgery on the right stifle (tibial plateau levelling osteotomy group), and a sham operation that did not change the tibial plateau angle was performed on the left stifle (excessive tibial plateau angle group). At 6 months after the second surgery, the dogs were euthanatized. The cranial cruciate ligament was stained with haematoxylin–eosin to assess the cell density, Alcian-Blue to assess proteoglycans and Elastica-Eosin to assess elastic fibres, and immunohistochemically stained to assess type I (COL1) and type II collagen and SRY-type HMG box 9 (SOX9) expression.Results In each group, the cranial cruciate ligament degeneration, especially on the tibial side, including the presence of Alcian-Blue- and Elastica-Eosin-positive regions, decreased in COL1-positive regions, and enhancement of SOX9 expression was observed. Besides, compared with the tibial plateau levelling osteotomy group, the excessive tibial plateau angle group showed increases in Alcian-Blue- and Elastica-Eosin-positive regions and a decrease in the COL1-positive regions.Conclusion The results suggested that excessive tibial plateau angle-induced cranial cruciate ligament degeneration can be suppressed by reducing the biomechanical load on the cranial cruciate ligament by performing tibial plateau levelling osteotomy.
Cochlear Model for the Evaluation of MRI Sequences and Cochlear Implant Electrode Pattern at 3T
Authors: Scholtz Lars Uwe , Riemann Conrad , Gehl Hans Björn , Sudhoff Holger , Todt Ingo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction Cochlear implant (CI) magnets and surgical techniques (e.g., positioning) have made an impact on the relationship between CI and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by solving the problem of pain and artifact. Recent investigations displayed the possibility to evaluate the CI electrode position by MRI in vivo. However, further improved perceptual quality is needed to allow an improved evaluation of the electrode.
Aims The aim of this study was to assess a cochlear model for the examination of CI electrode pattern and MRI sequences in vitro.
Materials and Methods We investigated CI electrodes in a fluid-filled three-dimensional artificial scala tympani model combined with a fluid package in a 3T MRI scanner. Different high-resolution T2 sequences (0.6–0.2 mm voxel size) were used for the visual electrode pattern evaluation for finding an optimized sequence.
Results Artificial models can be used to evaluate MRI characteristics of CI electrodes. In our scanner configuration, a 0.3 mm voxel and 0.9 mm slice thickness sequence showed the best compromise between resolution and scanning time.
Conclusion and Significance MRI model-based testing can be performed in vitro to evaluate CI electrodes’ pattern and to optimize sequences. An MRI model is a tool for in vitro testing of MRI sequences and might help for future in vivo applications.
Fabrication of spectroscopic characterization techniques using an optical fiber-based spectrometer
Authors: S Satyanarayana Reddy , H. S Lokesha , K. R Nagabhushana 
Published: September 2021

High-sensitive spectroscopy instruments have been developed to measure thermoluminescence emission (TLE), diffuse reflectance, and photoluminescence (PL). The key features of these instruments are low cost, high resolution, and compact size. For TLE measurement, A Kanthal resistive heating strip with a linear heating rate and Ocean Optics spectra suite software were used. Thermally stimulated emission of light was recorded using a USB4000+ES spectrophotometer in the UV-Vis region. In the TLE spectra, intensity vs wavelength was recorded as a function of temperature. In the high instance TLE spectrum of Al2O3, Tm3+ measured at 458 K shows peaks at 298, 355, 394, 466, 526, 658, 672, 696, and 713 nm. The UV-Vis DRS spectrum of the ZnO powder sample was measured at room temperature in the wavelength range 230–750 nm. The optical bandgap of ZnO was determined using Kubelka–Munk theory and found to be 3.22 eV. In the PL setup, a xenon lamp as the excitation source, direct-attach cuvette holder, visible light filter, IR filter, and adjustable UV bandpass linear variable filter were used. The excitation wavelength was fixed using a filter, and the emission spectra of samples were recorded. In the PL emission spectrum of Al2O3, Tb3+ shows bands at 382, 420, 438, 462, 487, 543, 586, and 623 nm, which are characteristic of Tb3+ ions. The obtained PL results are compared with data acquired using the Hitachi (F-2700) fluorescence spectrometer. This cost-effective spectroscopy instrument will be beneficial in materials science research in order to investigate the optical properties of the materials by study of TLE, PL, and diffuse reflectance.
Molecular characterization of a complex of apoptosis-inducing factor 1 with cytochrome c oxidase of the mitochondrial respiratory chain
Authors: Hevler Johannes F. , Zenezeni Chiozzi Riccardo , Cabrera-Orefice Alfredo , Brandt Ulrich , Arnold Susanne , Heck Albert J. R. 
Published: September 2021

SignificanceApoptosis-inducing factor 1 (AIFM1) resides within the intermembrane space of mitochondria and upon programmed cell death was found to induce chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation. While the apoptosis-related role of AIFM1 is well understood, recent findings pointed to additional, not well-characterized functional roles of AIFM1 in oxidative phosphorylation. Using cross-linking mass spectrometry and complexome profiling, we uncover that a substantial amount of dimeric AIFM1 is engaged with ∼10% of monomeric cytochromecoxidase (COX). Further structural modeling and restraint-driven docking structurally characterize a COX-AIFM12complex, not only highlighting how AIFM1 might be N-terminally inserted into the inner mitochondrial membrane but also providing clues on potential functional implications including an involvement in promoting apoptosis.
Task adapted reconstruction for inverse problems
Authors: Adler Jonas , Lunz Sebastian , Verdier Olivier , Schönlieb Carola-Bibiane , Öktem Ozan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The paper considers the problem of performing a post-processing task defined on a model parameter that is only observed indirectly through noisy data in an ill-posed inverse problem. A key aspect is to formalize the steps of reconstruction and post-processing as appropriate estimators (non-randomized decision rules) in statistical estimation problems. The implementation makes use of (deep) neural networks to provide a differentiable parametrization of the family of estimators for both steps. These networks are combined and jointly trained against suitable supervised training data in order to minimize a joint differentiable loss function, resulting in an end-to-end task adapted reconstruction method. The suggested framework is generic, yet adaptable, with a plug-and-play structure for adjusting both the inverse problem and the post-processing task at hand. More precisely, the data model (forward operator and statistical model of the noise) associated with the inverse problem is exchangeable, e.g., by using neural network architecture given by a learned iterative method. Furthermore, any post-processing that can be encoded as a trainable neural network can be used. The approach is demonstrated on joint tomographic image reconstruction, classification and joint tomographic image reconstruction segmentation.
A new ternary pentagonal monolayer based on Bi with large intrinsic Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction
Authors: Debbichi M , Saïd H , Garbouj H , El Hog S , An Dinh Van 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We systematically investigate the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of a new pentagonal CoBiS monolayer using first-principles and Monte Carlo simulations. We find that Penta-CoBiS is stable mechanically, dynamically, and thermally and is an antiferromagnetic semiconductor with an indirect band gap of 0.5 eV with HSE functional. In addition, the band-gap increased by applying in-plane biaxial strain. We further show that this monolayer has an in-plane easy axis and possesses large intrinsic Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction because of the broken inversion symmetry, and strong spin–orbit coupling originated from the Bi atoms. Moreover, the Néel temperature is also predicted using Monte Carlo simulations. An out-of-plane magnetic field B is then applied to compensate the in-plane anisotropy. It is found that for B = 1.72 T the spins are fully polarized to the out-of-plane direction. Our results demonstrate that Penta-CoBiS monolayer may find numerous applications in flexible spintronics and electronics.
Electrochemical methods for neural interface electrodes
Authors: Weltin Andreas , Kieninger Jochen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objective. Neural interfaces often rely on charge transfer processes between electrodes and the tissue or electrolyte. Electrochemical processes are at the core of electrode function and, therefore, the key to neural interface stability, electrode performance characterization, and utilization of electrodes as chemical sensors. Electrochemical techniques offer a variety of options to investigate the charge transfer and electrocatalytic properties of electrodes. Approach. In this tutorial, we present various experiments to illustrate the power of electrochemical methods, serve as a reference and guideline, and stimulate deeper understanding of the subject. Main results. As a basis for the following experiments, we discuss the platinum cyclic voltammogram and focus on understanding surface processes and roughness determination. We highlight the importance of appropriate instrumentation using potentiostats and how strongly it can influence results. We then discuss a number of potential-controlled and current-controlled methods for electrode characterization, including chronocoulometry, chronoamperometry, (active) potentiometry, and chronopotentiometry. They illustrate charge transfer caused by both electrode surface processes and the presence of redox-active species, such as dissolved oxygen and hydrogen, or hydrogen peroxide. We also discuss the electrode potential with respect to a reference electrode under various conditions and how it affects its electrochemical properties like surface state, catalytic properties and capability to transfer charge. Significance. Electrochemical methods are still underutilized in neural engineering, and valuable information is therefore often not accessed. Many studies on electrode characterization would benefit from a more consistent and target-oriented electrochemical methodology and instrumentation. That ranges from the investigation of new materials and processes, over electrode performance assessment to the development of more long-term stable and biocompatible neural interfaces. Ultimately, standardization, consistency and comparability will play a key role in the translation of microtechnology into biomedical and clinical applications.
Influence of Waste Engine Oil Addition on the Properties of Natural Asphalt
Authors: Mahmood Bashar Abdulazeez 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Disposal of waste engine oil (WEO) from vehicles is one of the significant problems that should be solved. One of the possible solution to this problem is to recycle WEOs in effective way. Therefore, in the current research, the WEO from the maintenance workshops of vehicles (in particular cars’ type) were used as an additive material (filler) to enhance the physical and chemical properties of local natural asphalt from Heet city-Al Anbar governorate. Different weight ratios 0%, 2 %, 4%, 6%, 8% were used to investigate their effect on the improvement of natural asphalt.
To study the achieved improvement, the properties of natural asphalt before and after the addition have been studied by conducting physical and chemical measurements such as penetration, viscosity, degree of flicker, solubility, and ductility. The chemical tests are also conducted such as Infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet spectroscopy. This study proved that it is possible to get rid of polluting wastes such as oil waste which are harmful to the environment and can be recycled as a useful material in improving the properties of natural asphalt to be used for flattening purposes according to Iraqi specifications (1196-88) of the first type and the international standards (ASTM D312 type A). The chemical composition of asphalt extracted from the springs before addition is very similar to the model in which the oil is added being hydrocarbons, which indicates that no chemical reaction occurred but rather a process of mixing the components through a spectral survey in the ultraviolet and infrared regions where the same beams appeared chemical bonds and transitions, with only different density.
Preparation and Investigation of some Physical Properties and Photocatalytic Activity of a co-Catalyst CoO-V2O5
Authors: Idrees H. , Halbus Ahmed F. , Athab Zahraa H. , Saddam Nahlah Salman , Kahdum Salih H. , Atiyah Abbas J. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The current work involves preparation of neat vanadium oxide and cobalt oxide. Likewise, various percentage from their mixed forms were prepared in various ratios: 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% from CoO were precipitated with fixed weight of V2O5 2.0 g. In addition, the above percentage from V2O5 were precipitated with fixed weight of CoO, 2.0 g. The individual metal oxides and their mixtures with various ratios were prepared from the solution of sulphate and nitrate of both metals respectively by co-precipitation process by adding sodium carbonate. All metals carbonates transfer to corresponding oxides by calcification at 773 K. Spectroscopic studies for metal oxides and their mixtures with various ratios using X-rays diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Some of physical properties of these oxides and their mixtures were studies such as pore size, density, porosity and electrical conductivity. The activity of these materials were investigated by following photocatalytic oxidation of 1-octanol over a suspension of these materials. The obtained results showed that photocaatalytic oxidation of alcohol was achieved when using each of catalyst, light, air and 1-octanol.
Azo Dyes on the ligand(5-MeTAQ) Thin Films for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells Applications
Authors: kadam Zeina mohammed , Jeber Raheem Abed , Ali Alaa Hussein 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This Include search the preparation of a new ligand from heterogeneous azo organic derivatives derived from Thiazolyl ligand (5-MeTAQ) and the identification of ligand (5-MeTAQ) were identification and analyzed by using 1H-NMR, mass spectrum, XRD SEM and EDX. Thin films of ligand dye prepared of concentration of (0.05,0.1,0.3) M membrane pure and doped of 10% hexaferrite (SrFe12O19) of concentration (0.05M) was prepared of thin films with thikness (1000 ±15) nm the preparation of membranes by method spray pyrolysis.
The study of optical properties of thin films pure and doped study spectral of absorbance and transmittance within the wavelength (200-800)nm the Results shows of the transmittance decrease of the molar concentration Increase and doped and the absorbance increase with increase molar concentration and doped and energy band gap decrease with increase molar concentration and doping the study of structure properties of the Thin films prepared through(XRD) where the results show membranes multiple crystallization and preferred trend of growth is (101) particle.
Removal of reactive blue dye from simulated wastewater by electrocoagulation using bipolar connection mode
Authors: Hadi Doaa Riyadh , AlJaberi Forat Yasir , Ajjam Sata Kazem 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The present study aims to remove reactive blue dye (RBD) from simulated wastewater using a batch electrocoagulation reactor connected to a power source in a bipolar-parallel mode. The aluminum electrodes used in this work have been configured to be the interior two as perforated-plates while the outer two plates as not perforated. This investigation have conducted under the effect of the reaction time, voltage applied, and pH according to the ranges (2-80 min), (15-25 volt), and (4-12), respectively. The experimental design and the analysis of results obtained have done using response surface methodology (RSM) type central composite design (CCD) and Minitab-statistical program. The core findings revealed the treatability of the present configuration of electrodes to achieve higher removal efficiency of RBD. The complete RBD-removal was attained at the optimum values of the operating variables which were 43.75 min, 17.62 volt, and 4 of the reaction time, voltage applied, and pH, respectively. The mathematical models were significant according to the ANOVA test (p<0.001). This study proved the ability of the electrocoagulation technology to remove RBD from wastewater using the present configuration of electrodes.
Synthesis, Characterization, DFT and Antibacterial, Azo Ligand Derived From 2-Amino pyrimidine With Antipyrine Mixed ligand Complexes involving 1,10- phenanthroline
Authors: Al alsultan Faris Subhi. , Al Quaba Rana A.S. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A new heterocyclic ligand (1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-4-(pyrimidin-2- yldiazenyl)-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one, was synthesized by the diazotization of 2- (chlorodiazenyl)pyrimidine, and coupling with antipyrine to produce a new azo dye in an alkaline alcoholic solution under optimized experimental conditions (Azo-pyrm-Ap) (pyrimidin-2-yldiazenyl) ligand. and react with 1,10-phenanthroline, Ferric(II), Cobalt(II), Nickel(II), Copper(II), Zink(II), and Merrcury(II) ions were used to build the structure of mixed-ligand Tatradentate complexes. They confirmed all that by 1H- NMR,UVevisb, Fesem, XRD (DSC-TG) thermal analysis, Inferred- IR Magnetic susceptibility, The(C.H and N) analysis, molar conductance, and atomic absorption are all examples of spectroscopic techniques. The isolated solid complexes have been to have identified the formula in general [M (L)(phen) Cl] and [M (L)(phen)(H2O)] Cl, For prepared complexes, conductivity measurements revealed a [1:1] electrolyte. for Fe(II) and non-electrolyte for the Ni(II), Co(II), Zn(II), Cu(II), and, Hg(II) complexes. assemblages According to the spectral and analytical results, this ligand acts as a Bidentate chelating agent, with all metal ions having a coordination number of six. Finally, biological activity of the synthesized ligand and metal complexes against bacterial species was evaluated., Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram positive bacteria, and Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aereuguinosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniaea are Gram negative bacteria. and it was found that these compounds have different inhibitory activity on bacteria growth.
Synthesis and characterization and biological study of pyridylazo ligand and its compounds of Co, Ni and Cu divalent ions
Authors: Ali Rana Rahem , Mohammed Hasan Shamran 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this work, we synthesized and characterized an azo dye of amino pyridine namely 6-[3- pyridylazo]-2,4-dichlorophenol (PADCP) furthermore its complexes of cobalt, nickel and copper divalent ions. The infrared spectra refereed that PADCP ligand coordinates by oxygen and nitrogen atoms to the metals in the complexes as bidentate ligand. The synthesized complexes have general formula [M(PADCP)2] which confirmed by elemental analysis, magnetic moments, molar conductivity and electronic spectra. The synthesized complexes of PADCP have tetrahedral shape and non-ionic. The PADCP dye exhibit clear color changes under pH changes. The PADCP ligand and its complexes shown notable biological activity against E.coli, Staph.aureus and Aspergillus Niger
X- ray diffraction Characterization of crystalline structure regent4(4-Sulphophenyl Azo) Pyrogallol
Authors: Alradaa Zainab A. Abid , Kadam Zeina M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
New azo reagent was synthesized by reaction dizonium salt Sulfadiazine with Pyrogallol. This product was characterized by FTIR, UV. Visible spectrophotometer and (XRD). Purity of the dye was checked by thin layer chromatography (TLC) using solvent system (Toluene-Methanol) (2:3). The melting point of the purified dye was measured in an open capillary tube. The results showed this compound have high levels of antibacterial activity.
Synthesis and evaluation of anti-microbial of some new Biotin carrying sugar moieties
Authors: Abdul-Ridha Nabeel A. , Kamil Duaa Q. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The current research involves preparing biotin sugar derivatives and evaluating their vital activity against some types of microbial, through a set of interactions, where the biotin was initially converted into an ester derivative according to the Fischer method. Then the ester derivative 2 was treated with aqueous hydrazine to prepare the derivative 3. After that, the derivative 3 was condensed with a number of monosaccharides using the Schiff-Base reaction. The prepared compounds were spectrophotometrically characterized via modern methods. Results of the biological tests showed that the derivatives 4-8 possess antibacterial vital activity as well as anti-fungi.
Synthesis, characterization, and spectroscopic properties of new azo dyes derived from Sulfamerazine based on β- diketones and azo-metal (II) complexes
Authors: AlBaheley Noor Al , Ali Asaad A. , Fahad Tarek A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the present study, two new azo dyes from 4-amino-N-(4-methyl-2- pyrimidinyl(benzenesulfonamide) with acetylacetone( L1) and benzoyl acetone(L2) were synthesized. The characterization of dyes has been described by IR,C.H.N,1H-NMR, and TGA. The reaction of these new dyes with acetate salts of copper(II) and nickel(II) in molar ratios of 1:2 was carried out to produce azo metal(II) complexes. Theanalytical data show that the metal to ligand ratio [M:L] in all complexes is (1:2). The spectral and analytical data revealed that this ligand behaves as a bidentate chelating. The thermal behavior of these compounds was investigated based on thermogravimetric (TGA) analyse. Thermal decomposition of these compounds is multi-stage processes.