bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the development of pedagogical content knowledge through lesson study
Authors: Wood Keith 
Published: November 2021

PurposeThe objective of this editorial is to focus the author’s attention on the nature of pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) and its development through Lesson Study.Design/methodology/approachDiscussion in the editorial draws on papers in this issue, synthesized through the lens of PCK and supported by evidence from relevant literature.FindingsTeachers' engagement in lesson and learning study action research has the potential to develop their PCK in two ways: they gain insights into the ways their students experience objects of learning with reference to their own content knowledge, and they gain insights into the ways students should become able to experience objects of learning in more powerful ways identified by the teachers. The papers in the current issue elaborate on the contextual development of PCK from multiple perspectives: STEM teaching, cross-cultural lesson study, inclusive education and cultural competence through bansho.Originality/valueThe studies presented in this issue allow the readers to see PCK through different lenses.
The “disease” of violence against health-care workers is a wicked problem. Managing and preventing violence in health-care
Authors: Jacob Alycia , McCann Damhnat , Buykx Penny , Thomas Brodie , Spelten Evelien , Schultz Rebecca , Kinsman Leigh , Jacob Elisabeth 
Published: November 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to illustrate the complexity of understanding and managing violent behaviour in health care. The authors will show how different perceptions of the reasons for violent behaviour, and linkages between violent behaviour and illness have contributed to the creation of a wicked problem and added significant complexity to the management of violence towards staff within health-care settings. This paper will conclude with a call for strong multi-disciplinary action to address this ongoing issue.

Design/methodology/approach
A narrative review was undertaken to explore the ways that violence has been perceived in health care and the ways in which the concept of violence has moved from being seen as a criminal issue to being within the realms of disease. This paper will show the importance of understanding who is perpetrating violence in health care, why and in what settings. It will expound on the idea that considering violence as a consequence of disease necessarily adds a layer of complexity to both individual and organisational responses to violence towards health-care staff.

Findings
Understanding the complexity in preventing and managing violence against health-care staff can assist policymakers and managers to develop multi-faceted approaches to violence prevention, including better recognition and understanding of perpetrators of violence.

Originality/value
This paper provides a unique perspective on thinking about violence in health care and the implications of its complexity.
An expectation-performance gap between money laundering reporting officers and their directors – evidence from Germany
Authors: Haffke Lars 
Published: November 2021

Purpose
Money Laundering Reporting Officers (MLROs) carry out day-to-day anti-money laundering (AML) tasks while directors ultimately remain responsible for AML compliance. Therefore, directors’ expectations of what their MLROs do should ideally coincide with what their actual tasks to minimise liability risk. This paper aims to test for gaps between MLROs and their directors in terms of knowledge, expectations and performance of AML tasks. Likewise, it is researched whether MLROs and directors communicate well with regard to MLROs’ tasks.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper first develops a model for analysing the dyadic relationship between MLROs and their directors, based on the audit expectation-performance gap. Second, a paired electronic survey of MLROs and directors of German companies was conducted in autumn 2020, testing for participants’ knowledge, expectations and performance of possible AML tasks (n = 136 pairs).

Findings
While there is no knowledge or performance gap among MLROs and directors, expectations among them are partially unreasonable and their communication needs to be improved. Additionally, this study suggests that MLROs of German non-financial businesses are less knowledgeable, perform AML duties more poorly, and communicate less effectively with their directors.

Practical implications
Training of MLROs and communication with their directors need to be improved. Especially in the non-financial sector, action is urgently required.

Originality/value
This paper reports the results of the first paired survey of MLROs and their directors, offering unique insights into their relationship and the status of private AML efforts.
Animal orthosis fabrication with additive manufacturing – a case study of custom orthosis for chicken
Authors: Wojnarowska Wiktoria Maria , Najowicz Jakub , Piecuch Tomasz , Sochacki Michał , Pijanka Dawid , Trybulec Jolanta , Miechowicz Sławomir 
Published: November 2021

Purpose
Chicken orthoses that cover the ankle joint area are not commercially available. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to fabricate a customised temporary Ankle–Foot Orthosis (AFO) for a chicken with a twisted ankle using computer-aided design (CAD) and three-dimensional (3D) printing. The secondary objective of the paper is to present the specific application of Additive Manufacturing (AM) in veterinary medicine.

Design/methodology/approach
The design process was based on multiple sketches, photos and measurements that were provided by the owner of the animal. The 3D model of the orthosis was made with Autodesk Fusion 360, while the prototype was fabricated using fused deposition modelling (FDM). Evaluation of the AFO was performed using the finite element method.

Findings
The work resulted in a functional 3D printed AFO for chicken. It was found that the orthosis made with AM provides satisfactory stiffen and a good fit. It was concluded that AM is suitable for custom bird AFO fabrication and, in some respects, is superior to traditional manufacturing methods. It was also concluded that the presented procedure can be applied in other veterinary cases and to other animal species and other parts of their body. AM provides veterinary with a powerful tool for the production of well-fitted and durable orthoses for animals.

Research limitations/implications
The study does not include the chicken's opinion on the comfort or fit of the manufactured AFO due to communication issues. Evaluation of the final prototype was done by the researchers and the animal owner.

Originality/value
No evidence was found in the literature on the use of AM for chicken orthosis, so this study is the first to describe such an application of AM. In addition, the study demonstrates the value of AM in veterinary medicine, especially in the production of devices such as orthoses.
Perceived COVID-19 impacts and travel avoidance: application of protection motivation theory
Authors: Nazneen Shama , Xu Hong , Ud Din Nizam , Karim Rehmat 
Published: November 2021

Purpose
The COVID-19 pandemic and the travellers’ behaviour towards travel risk is an emerging issue. Nonetheless, the travellers’ perceived COVID-19 impacts, travel risk perception, health and safety perception and travel avoidance concerning protection motivation theory is unnoticed. Following the protection motivation theory, the current study investigates the direct and indirect relationships between perceived COVID-19 impacts and travel avoidance. Moreover, the travellers’ cognitive perceptions of risk may vary with their demographic characteristics; therefore, the present study aims to test the differences in group-specific parameter estimates using a multi-group analysis.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors approached travellers from Tianjin, China using different communication services, including WeChat and email, through a snowball sampling technique. The study used 553 valid questionnaires for analysis.

Findings
The results of 553 questionnaires in structural equation modelling (SEM) with AMOS 21 indicated that travellers’ perceived Covid-19 impacts positively correlate with travel avoidance. The study model based on protection motivation theory specifies that travel risk perception and health and safety perception as a cognitive mediating process partially mediated the relationship between perceived COVID-19 impacts and travel avoidance. The findings specified that during COVID-19, travellers assessed the severity of travel risks and adopted preventive measures which influenced their travel behaviour and led to travel avoidance. The multi-group analysis results indicated no difference in perception for gender and education; however, concerning age, the significant nested p-value specifies a difference in perception.

Practical implications
The study offers implications for policymakers and the tourism industry to understand the travellers’ perceptions of travel during the pandemic and ensure health and safety measures to encourage travelling and reviving the tourism industry.

Originality/value
The application of protection motivation theory to analyse the travellers’ perceived COVID-19 impacts and travel avoidance in the presence of travel risk perception and health and safety perceptions as a cognitive mediating process is novel.
The appraisal of surface orbital vibrators with buried geophone array for permanent reservoir monitoring
Authors: Yavuz Sinem , Pevzner Roman , Popik Sofya , Tertyshnikov Konstantin , Wood Todd , Robertson Michelle C. , Correa Julia , Freifeld Barry 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTTime‐lapse seismic is one of the main methods for monitoring changes in reservoir conditions caused by production or injection of fluids. One approach to time‐lapse seismic is through permanent reservoir monitoring, whereby seismic sources and/or receivers are permanently deployed. Permanent reservoir monitoring can offer a more cost‐effective and environmentally friendly solution than traditional campaign‐based surveys that rely on temporarily deployed equipment while facilitating more frequent measurements. At the CO2CRC Otway Project, surface orbital vibrators were coupled to a buried geophone array to form a permanent reservoir monitoring system. These are fixed position seismic sources that provide both P and S waves using induction motor‐driven eccentric masses. After an initial injection of CO2 in February 2016, five months of continuous seismic data were acquired, and reflection imaging was used to assess the system performance. Analysis of the data showed the effects of weather variations on the near‐surface conditions and the sweep signatures of surface orbital vibrators. Data processing flows of the continuous data was adapted from Vibroseis four‐dimensional data processing flows. Ground roll proved a significant challenge to data processing. In addition, variations in the surface wave pattern were linked to major rainfall events. For the appraisal of surface orbital vibrators in imaging, a Vibroseis four‐dimensional monitor survey data with similar geometry was also processed. Surface orbital vibrators are observed to be reliable sources with a potential to provide a repeatable signal, especially if the ground roll should fall outside the target window of interest. To guide future permanent reservoir monitoring applications, a repeatability analysis was performed for the various key data processing steps.
Integrating snake distribution, abundance and expert‐derived behavioural traits predicts snakebite risk
Authors: Martín Gerardo , Erinjery Joseph , Gumbs Rikki , Somaweera Ruchira , Ediriweera Dileepa , Diggle Peter J. , Kasturiratne Anuradhani , de Silva Hithanadura J. , Lalloo David G. , Iwamura Takuya , Murray Kris A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Despite important implications for human health, distribution, abundance and behaviour of most medically relevant snakes remain poorly understood. Such data deficiencies hamper efforts to characterise the causal pathways of snakebite envenoming and to prioritise management options in the areas at greatest risk.

We estimated the spatial patterns of abundance of seven medically relevant snake species from Sri Lanka, a snakebite hotspot, and combined them with indices of species' relative abundance, aggressiveness and envenoming severity obtained from an expert opinion survey, to test whether these fundamental ecological traits could explain spatial patterns of snakebite and envenoming incidence. The spatial intensity of snake occurrence records in relation to independent environmental factors (fundamental niches and land cover) was analysed with point process models. Then, with the estimated patterns of abundance, we tested which species' abundances added together, with and without weightings for aggressiveness, envenoming severity and relative abundance, best correlate with per capita geographic incidence patterns of snakebite and envenoming.

We found that weighting abundance patterns by species' traits increased correlation with incidence. The best performing combination had three species weighted by aggressiveness and abundance, with a correlation of r = 0.47 (p < 0.01) with snakebite incidence. An envenoming severity and relative abundance‐weighted combination of two species was the most strongly associated with envenoming incidence (r = 0.46, p = 0).

Synthesis and applications. We show that snakebite risk is explained by abundance, aggressiveness and envenoming severity of the snake species most frequently involved in envenoming cases. Incorporating causality via ecological information of key snake species is critical for snakebite risk mapping, helping to tailor preventive measures for dominant snake species and deploying the necessary antivenom therapies.
Germany's Federal Election of 2021: Multi‐Crisis Politics and the Consolidation of the Six‐Party System
Authors: Dostal Jörg Michael 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe German federal election of 2021 reshuffled Germany's party‐political hierarchy, but left the six‐party system intact. For the first time since 2002, the SPD narrowly overtook the CDU/CSU to become the party with the largest vote share. The Greens and the FDP also gained votes while the CDU/CSU and the Left party suffered high losses and the AfD minor losses. Crucially, party system continuity coexists with severe challenges for German policy makers, namely regional and global insecurity, decline in the country's infrastructure and social coherence, as well as the highly divisive management of the Covid crisis. While the electorate still focusses mostly on social protection and economic security, it is unclear whether Germany's political class can deliver on such expectations in a multi‐crisis context. Crucially, technocratic updating at the expense of liberal democracy and constitutional order will worsen rather than improve the current situation.
The role of confounding in the association between pregnancy complications and subsequent preterm birth: a cohort study
Authors: Dunne J , Tessema GA , Pereira G 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveTo estimate the degree of confounding necessary to explain the associations between complications in a first pregnancy and the subsequent risk of preterm birth.DesignPopulation‐based cohort study.SettingWestern Australia.PopulationWomen (n = 125 473) who gave birth to their first and second singleton children between 1998 and 2015.Main outcome measuresRelative risk (RR) of a subsequent preterm birth (<37 weeks of gestation) with complications of pre‐eclampsia, placental abruption, small‐for‐gestational age and perinatal death (stillbirth and neonatal death within 28 days of birth). We derived e‐values to determine the minimum strength of association for an unmeasured confounding factor to explain away an observed association.ResultsComplications in a first pregnancy were associated with an increased risk of a subsequent preterm birth. Relative risks were significantly higher when the complication was recurrent, with the exception of first‐term perinatal death. The association with subsequent preterm birth was strongest when pre‐eclampsia was recurrent. The risk of subsequent preterm birth with pre‐eclampsia was 11.87 (95% CI 9.52–14.79) times higher after a first term birth with pre‐eclampsia, and 64.04 (95% CI 53.58–76.55) times higher after a preterm first birth with pre‐eclampsia, than an uncomplicated term birth. The e‐values were 23.22 and 127.58, respectively.ConclusionsThe strong associations between recurrent pre‐eclampsia, placental abruption and small‐for‐gestational age with preterm birth supports the hypothesis of shared underlying causes that persist from pregnancy to pregnancy. High e‐values suggest that recurrent confounding is unlikely, as any such unmeasured confounding factor would have to be uncharacteristically large.Tweetable abstractFirst pregnancy complications are associated with a higher risk of subsequent preterm birth, with evidence strongest for pregnancies complicated by pre‐eclampsia.
Perishability and market power in Nepalese food crop production
Authors: Kopp Thomas , Mishra Ashok K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study provides empirical evidence for the relation between perishability in vertically coordinated supply chains and the market power exercised over smallholders in Nepal. Using survey data from small‐scale farms of tomatoes, ginger, high‐yielding variety paddy seeds, and lentils, we demonstrate how varying levels of perishability affect the degree of market power exercised by contractors and in cooperative farming. We show how much value‐added is diverted from farmers, compared to the benchmark set by the least perishable good. Results indicate that more perishable crops are subject to a greater degree of market power. A subsequent scenario analysis reveals that the redistributive effects of market power based on crop perishability are substantial: smallholders’ farm profitability increase by 18% as crop perishability is reduced by 50%. We conclude by discussing policy measures to reduce power imbalances due to crop perishability.
Association between intravenous fluid resuscitation and outcome among patients with suspected infection and sepsis: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kabil Gladis , Liang Sophie , Delaney Anthony , Macdonald Stephen , Thompson Kelly , Saavedra Aldo , Suster Carl , Moscova Michelle , McNally Stephen , Frost Steven , Hatcher Deborah , Shetty Amith 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the association between timing and volume of intravenous fluids administered to ED patients with suspected infection and all‐cause in‐hospital mortality.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of ED presentations at four metropolitan hospitals in Sydney, Australia, between October 2018 and May 2019. Patients over 16 years of age with suspected infection who received intravenous fluids within 24 h of presentation were included.ResultsDuring the study period, 7533 patients with suspected infection received intravenous fluids. Of these, 1996 (26.5%) and 231 (3.1%) had suspected sepsis and septic shock, respectively. Each 1000 mL increase in intravenous fluids administered was associated with a reduction in risk of in‐hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.76–0.99). This association was stronger in patients with septic shock (AOR 0.66, 95% CI 0.49–0.89), and those admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) (AOR 0.74, 95% CI 0.56–0.96). Patients with suspected sepsis and septic shock who received a total volume of >3600 mL had lower in‐hospital mortality (AOR 0.44, 95% CI 0.22–0.91; AOR 0.16, 95% CI 0.05–0.57) compared to those administered <3600 mL within the first 24 h of presenting to the ED. There was no association between the time of initiation of fluids and in‐hospital mortality among survivors and non‐survivors (2.3 vs 2.5 h, P = 0.50).ConclusionWe observed a reduction in risk of in‐hospital mortality for each 1000 mL increase in intravenous fluids administered in patients with septic shock or admitted to ICU suggesting illness severity to be a likely effect modifier.
Antibiofilm and repair activity of ozonated oil in liposome
Authors: Zerillo Lucrezia , Polvere Immacolata , Varricchio Romualdo , Madera Jessica Raffaella , D’Andrea Silvia , Voccola Serena , Franchini Iacopo , Stilo Romania , Vito Pasquale , Zotti Tiziana 
Published: November 2021

SummaryThe use of medical devices, such as contact lenses, represents a substantial risk of infection, as they can act as scaffolds for formation of microbial biofilms. Recently, the increasing emergency of antibiotic resistance has prompted the development of novel and effective antimicrobial drugs for biofilm treatment, such as oxidizing agents. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Ozodrop® and Ozodrop® gel, commercial names of ozonated oil in liposomes plus hypromellose, on eradication and de novo formation of biofilms on different supports, such as plastic plates and contact lens. Our results demonstrate that ozonated liposomal sunflower oil plus hypromellose have an excellent inhibitory effect on bacterial viability and on both de novo formation and eradication of biofilms produced on plates and contact lens by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, we show that Ozodrop® formulations stimulate expression of antimicrobial peptides and that Ozodrop® gel has a strong repair activity on human epithelial cells, suggesting further applications for the treatment of non‐healing infected wounds.
Active cycle of breathing technique may reduce pulmonary complications after esophagectomy: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Zhong Jiudi , Zhang Siwen , Li Chuangzhen , Hu Yi , Wei Weijin , Liu Li , Wang Ming , Hong Zhangxian , Long Hao , Rong Tiehua , Yang Hong , Su Xiaodong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of the study was to determine whether the active cycle of breathing technique (ACBT) has an impact on postoperative pulmonary complication (PPC) after esophagectomy.MethodsIn this prospective randomized trial, patients who were candidates for esophagectomy were randomized into groups, wherein they received either ACBT (n = 146) or conventional chest physiotherapy (control group, n = 145) on postoperative days (POD) 1–3. The primary outcome was PPC. The secondary outcomes included the incidence of anastomotic leakage (AL), efficacy of airway clearance, and postoperative hospital length of stay (LOS).ResultsAfter esophagectomy, the PPC rate was significantly lower in the ACBT group (15.2%) than in the control group (31.0%) (p = 0.001). The incidences of AL were 5.5% and 12.4% in the ACBT and control groups, respectively (p = 0.042). Mean hospital LOS was 12.3 days for the ACBT group and 16.8 days for the control group (p = 0.008). ACBT significantly increased the mean sputum wet weight (g) on POD 1–3 when compared with conventional therapy (POD 1 9.08 vs. 6.47, POD 2 16.86 vs. 10.92, POD 3 24.65 vs. 13.52, all p < 0.001). Multivariable analysis revealed that ACBT decreased the rates of PPC (odds ratio [OR] 0.403, p = 0.003), AL (OR 0.379，p = 0.038)，arrhythmia (OR 0.397, p = 0.028), and bronchoscopy aspiration (OR 0.362, p = 0.016).ConclusionACBT is an effective airway clearance technique that significantly reduces the incidence of PPC after esophagectomy. ACBT could also significantly reduce both AL and LOS.