bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Solar PV Potential and Performance of a Household System in Durban North, Durban, South Africa
Authors: Ebhota Williams S. , Tabakov Pavel Y. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) system is an alternative electricity source that is increasingly being used for households. The potential of solar PV is location dependent that needs to be assessed before installation. This study focuses on the assessment of a solar PV potential of a site on coordinates − 29.853762°, 031.00634°, at Glenmore Crescent, Durban North, South Africa. In addition, it evaluates the performance of a 6 kW installed capacity grid-connected rooftop solar PV system to supply electricity to a household. The results, obtained from PV design and simulation tools – PV*SOL, Solargis prospect and pvPlanner, were used to analyse and establish the site and PV system technical viability. The system’s configuration is as follows: load profile - a 2-Person household with 2-children, energy consumption − 3500 kWh, system size − 6 kWp, installation type - roof mount, PV module type - c-Si - monocrystalline silicon, efficiency − 18.9%, orientation of PV modules -Azimuth 0° and Tilt 30°, inverter 95.9% (Euro efficiency), and no transformer. The results show: meteorological parameters - global horizontal irradiation (GHI) 1659.3 kWh/m2, direct normal irradiation (DNI) 1610.6 kWh/m2, air temperature 20.6°C; performance parameters - annual PV energy 8639 kWh, Specific annual yield 1403 kWh/kWp, performance ratio (PR) 74.9%, avoided CO₂ emissions 5662 kg/year, and solar fraction 42.5 %. The analysis and benchmarking of the results show that the proposed solar PV system under the current conditions is technically viable for household electrification in Durban North, South Africa.
Dose-response Relationship Between Maternal Blood Pressure in Pregnancy and Preterm Birth: Based on the Monitoring Data of 212,941 Pregnant Women in China
Authors: Zhao Wei , Di Jiangli , Gong Xiao , Huang Aiqun , Yang Qi , Hu Huanqing , Chen Sidi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) is a generally accepted risk factor of preterm birth (PTB). Most related studies focus on the effects of various HDP on pregnancy outcomes. Based on large-scale maternal health monitoring data, this study analyzes the dose-response relationship between maternal Blood pressure (BP) in different trimesters and PTB.Methods: Through the Maternal and Newborn Health Monitoring System in China, a total of 212,941 single-fetus pregnant women who delivered during 2014-2018 in 13 counties of 6 provinces in China were included in this study. BP level, distribution and changes in each trimester were described with linear trend test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the associations between BP groups in different gestational trimesters and PTB. Then a restricted cubic spline (RCS) was used to delineate the dose-response relationships between BP (both diastolic and systolic) during each trimester and PTB.Results: The overall incidences of HDP and PTB were 7.07% and 4.04% respectively. The detection rates of HDP in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters were 1.03%, 2.06% and 6.23% respectively. Taking the group of normal BP as reference, the odds ratios(OR) of PTB for the groups of hypertension in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters was 3.23, 2.70 and 2.05 respectively (P<0.001). Hypotension in 3rd trimester was associated with a 1.5-fold higher risk of PTB (P<0.001). OR of PTB had a nonlinearly U-shaped association with SBP and DBP in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters.Conclusions: The risks of PTB varied among pregnant women with the same BP in different trimesters. An increase of BP within the normal range during pregnancy could prevent PTB. Hypotension in 3rd trimester was associated with a high risk of PTB.
Effect of Growth Regulators Concentrations on in Vitro Multiplication of Three Elite Sugarcane (Saccharum Officinarum L.) Genotypes using Shoottip Culture
Authors: Amente Gerema , Feyissa Tileye 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Conventional vegetative propagation of sugarcane generally has low multiplication rate and allows distribution of diseases. Micropropagation is the only practical means of achieving rapid, large-scale production of disease-free quality planting material. Experiments on shoot tip culture initiation and shoot multiplication were laid out in completely randomized design with 2x3x3 and 4x5x3 factorial treatment arrangements respectively. Data was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and significant means were separated using Duncan's multiple range tests. With regard to shoot multiplication, genotype Q200 showed a maximum of 13.59 shoots per explant with 5.83cm shoot length on a medium fortified with 2 mg/l BAP alone, while genotype Q217 produced a maximum of 15.28 shoots per explant with 5.37cm mean shoot length on a medium supplied with 2.0 mg/l BAP and 0.25 mg/l kinetin. Likewise, Co-0238 produced maximum of 13.56 shoots per explant with mean shoot length 6.50 cm on medium fortified with 1.5 mg/l BAP + 0.5mg/l kinetin
Comparison of Eleven Anthropometric Indices for the Screening for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients with Diabetes
Authors: Guo Xintong , Liang Min 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background & AimsNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered as the main cause of chronic liver disease, so the prediction of NAFLD in high-risk cohort of patients would be valuable. Although evidence indicates that anthropometric clinical indicators has been a worthy choice in the prediction of NAFLD, there is no consensus on which is the best obesity indexes for the identification of NAFLD in high-risk patients. This study aimed to compare the screening ability for NAFLD of eleven anthropometric indices in patients with diabetes.MethodsThe sample included 905 type 2 diabetic patients diagnosed by US. We selected 11 formulas: triponderal mass index (TMI), triglyceride glucose index (TyG), a body shape index (ABSI), Clίnica Universidad de Navarra—body adiposity estimator (CUN-BAE), lipid accumulation product (LAP), visceral adiposity index (VAI), Hepatic Steatosis Index (HIS), Body Mass Index (BMI), conicity index (CI), Waist to Height ratio (WHtR), and Body Roundness Index (BRI), and calculated their performance of NAFLD screening.ResultsThe percentage of US reductions were, 49.55 (VAI), 58.70 (TyG), 50.70 (TMI), 54.80 (LAP), 67.10 (HIS), 32.40 (CUN-BAE), 28.24 (CI), 48.30 (BRI), 33.28 (ABSI), 43.57 (BMI), 48.30 (WHtR). The false negative percentage were 10.29 (VAI), 18.81 (TyG), 14.49 (TMI), 11.28 (LAP), 21.02 (HIS), 8.74 (CUN-BAE), 6.08 (CI), 9.96 (BRI), 9.62 (ABSI), 11.28 (BMI), 9.96 (WHtR).ConclusionTaking negative predictive value (NPV), positive predictive value (PPV), and other aspects into account, the best formula to use for NAFLD screening was LAP.
Nutrient Resorption Strategies of Three Oak Tree Species in Response to Interannual Climate Variability
Authors: Du Baoming , Ji Huawei , Liu Shirong , Kang Hongzhang , Yin Shan , Liu Chunjiang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background：Nutrient resorption is critical for plants toward balancing their nutritional requirements and adapting to environmental variabilities, which further impacts litter quality and nutrient cycling. However, the interannual variability of nutrient resorption under climate change remains unclear.Methods: We investigated the five-year nutrient resorption efficiencies (NuRE, %) of 14 elements in three deciduous oak tree species, Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata, Q. glandulifera, and Q. variabilis species in a warm-temperate forest of Central China, and assessed their relationships with interannual climate and soil factors. Results：Nutrient resorption did not differ between species but varied significantly between different years. For each year, nucleic acid-protein elements (N, P, S, and K) were preferentially resorbed in all of the oak species in contrast to photosynthesis-enzymic (C, Mg, and Zn) and structural (Ca, Na, Mn, and Ba) elements, which were to some extent discriminated, and toxic (Al and Fe) elements that were completely excluded. Among the 14 elements, the NuRE of N, P, S, Ca, and Mg was closely associated with interannual climate in the three oak species, showing N and S resorption efficiency were reduced with temperature, while N, P, and S resorption efficiency initially decreased and then increased with precipitation. Moreover, the elemental coefficient variations between different years generally decreased with higher NuREs in all three oak species.Conclusions: Different oak species have analogous nutrient conservation strategies in response to annual climate variability, and interannual climate variations strongly impacted plant nutrient resorption. Deciduous plants may establish a trade-off mechanism to rebalance somatic nutrients for regrowth at the end of growing season.
BSA-Coated Gold Nanorods for NIR-II Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Zhao Shubi , Luo Yiqun , Chang Zong , Liu Chenchen , Li Tong , Gan Lu , Huang Yong , Sun Qinchao 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The second near infrared window is considered to be the optimal optical window for medical imaging and therapy as the deep tissue penetration. A series gold nanorods with large aspect ratio have been synthesized. Strong plasma absorption in the second near infrared window from 1000 nm to 1300 nm could be observed. The biocompatibility of the synthesized gold nanorods is dramatically improved via coating by bovine serum albumin (BSA), while the optical properties of which remains. The breast cancer tumor-bearing mouse could be well treated by the prepared gold nanorods with the NIR-II light intensity as low as 0.75 W/cm2. In summary, these results prove the feasibility of using low dose to treat tumor in the NIR-II region.
A High-Quality Assembly Reveals Genomic Characteristics, 1 Phylogenetic Status and Causal Genes for White Feather of 2 Indian Peafowl
Authors: Liu shaojuan , Chen hao , Ouyang jing , Huang min , Zhang hui , Zheng sumei , Xi suwang , Tang hongbo , Gao yuren , Xiong yanpeng , Cheng di , Chen kaifeng , Liu bingbing , Li wanbo , Yan xueming , Mao huirong , Ren jun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background : Indian peafowl ( Pavo cristatus ) attracts people's attention because of the exclusively dazzling phenotypic characteristics. However, little is known about the phenotypic evolution and phylogeny of Indian peafowl at the whole-genome level. So far, there has been no report on the genetic mechanism of the formation of white feather in white feather peafowl. Results : This study assembled a draft genome of Indian peafowl with a genome size of 1.05 Gb (the sequencing depth is 362×), and N50 of the contig and scaffold was up to 6.2 Mb and 11.4 Mb, respectively. Compared with other birds, Indian peafowl changed in terms of metabolism, immunity, skeletal development and feather development, which provided a novel insight into the phenotypic evolution of peafowl, such as the large body size and feather morphologies. It was confirmed that the phylogeny of Indian peafowl was closer to that of turkey than that of chicken. Specially, it was identified that PMEL was a causal gene leading to the formation of white plumage in blue and white feather peafowl. Conclusions: This study provides a peafowl genome with high-quality as well as a novel understanding in the phenotypic evolution and phylogeny of peafowl among other birds. The results contribute a valuable reference genome to the study of the avian genome evolution. In addition, the discovery of the genetic mechanism of white plumage not only is a breakthrough in the exploration of peafowl plumage, but also provides clues and new ideas for further investigations of the avian plumage coloration and artificial breeding in peafowl.
Under Careful Construction: Combining Findings, Arguments, and Values Into Robust Health Care Coverage Decisions
Authors: Kleinhout-Vliek T.H. , de Bont A.A. , Boer A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Health care coverage decisions deal with health care technology provision or reimbursement on a national level. The coverage decision outcome, i.e., the publicly available document with reasons for the decision, may contain various elements: quantitative calculations like cost and clinical effectiveness analyses and formalised and non-formalised qualitative considerations. We know little about the process of combining these heterogeneous elements into robust decision outcomes.Methods: In this study, we describe a model for combining different elements into coverage decision outcomes. We build on two qualitative cases of coverage appraisals at the Dutch National Health Care Institute, for which we analysed observations at committee meetings (n=2, with field notes taken) and analysis of audio files (n=3), interviews with appraisal committee members (n=10 in seven interviews) and with Institute employees (n=5 in three interviews).Results: We conceptualise decision outcomes as combinations of elements, specifically (quantitative) findings and (qualitative) arguments and values. Our model contains three steps: 1) identifying elements; 2) designing the combinations of elements, which entails articulating links, broadening the scope of designed combinations, and black-boxing links; and 3) testing these combinations and choosing one as the final decision outcome. Conclusions: The proposed model highlights decision makers’ expertise in composing both elements and combinations. It also provides additional rationales for facilitating appeals and engaging patients and the public. Future research efforts could further explore the relationship between robustness and decision combination strength.
Metagenomic Outlooks of Microbial Dynamics Influenced by Organic Manure in Tea Garden Soils of North Bengal, India
Authors: Sarkar Indrani , Kar Pallab , Sen Gargi , Chhetri Saroja , Bhattacharya Malay , Bhattacharya Subires , Sen Arnab 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Soil being the most heterogeneous and complex microbial habitat on earth exceeds the quantity of inhabiting microbial communities than other environments. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) based metagenomics provides us directs access to the uncultivated genomes. In this study, we targeted two very popular tea gardens of Darjeeling hills- Makaibari (Mak) and Castleton (Cas). The main difference between them is the type of manure they use. Mak is solely an organic tea garden using all organic manure and fertilizers whereas Cas uses inorganic pesticides and fertilizers. The main aim was to compare the effect of organic manure over chemical fertilizers on the soil microbiome as well as the health of tea garden workers. We have performed the 16s metagenomics analysis based on V3-V4 region. Downstream bioinformatics analysis including Reverse Ecology was performed. We found that the overall microbial diversity is higher in Mak rather than Cas. Moreover, the use of organic manure has reduced the population of pathogenic bacteria in Mak soil when compared to Cas soil thus having an indirect effect on the heath of the tea garden workers. From the observations made through the metagenomics analysis of Mak and Cas soil samples we may propose that the application of organic manure supports the population of good bacteria in the soil which eventually can have a better impact on the tea garden workers.
Anorectal Melanoma - Brownish Black Mass Not Always a Hemorrhoid
Authors: Nigam Jitendra Singh , . Nishit , Kumar Tarun , Singh Avinash , Tewari Prerna , Pandey Jagjit Kumar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The non-specific clinical symptoms of anorectal brownish-black mass do not help to differentiate colorectal cancer, hemorrhoids, rectal ulcers which result in a delayed diagnosis or lead to inadequate management of lethal anorectal melanoma. Primary malignant melanoma of the anorectal region is an uncommon tumor, constituting approximately 1% of anal canal tumors which may be misdiagnosed clinically as hemorrhoids. Because of aggressive behavior and poor prognosis, efficient and prompt diagnosis is required in these cases. We report the 2 cases of this rare tumor.
Influence of Multiple &amp; Cooperative Hydrogen Bonding on the Acidity of Polyhydroxylated Piperidines: Electron Density Topological Analysis
Authors: Javan Marjan Jebeli 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Hydrogen bonds are the presiding concepts for arranging the three-dimensional forms of biological molecules like proteins, carbohydrates and nucleic acids, and acts as guides for proton transfer reactions. Gas-phase acidity and pKa calculations in dimethyl sulfoxide on a line of polyhydroxylated piperidines specify that multiple hydrogen bonds lead to enhance acidities.The gas-phase acidity (GPA) of polyhydroxylated piperidines was investigated by MP2/6-311++G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) method. For each structure, varied primary and secondary hydroxyl groups were deprotonated. The natural bond orbital (NBO) and quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) analyses have also been used to realize the character of the hydrogen bonding interactions in these compounds. The results show by adding each hydroxyl group, ΔHacid in the gas phase (it becomes less endothermic) and pKa value in the solution phase was decreased. Therefore, intramolecular hydrogen bonds lead to enhance the acid strength. In both the gas phase and solution phase, the β-Nojrimycin-OH2 (β-1-OH2) was found to be the most acidic compound with calculated gas-phase acidity (GPA) of 349.4 kcal.mol-1 and the pKa value of 22.0 (8.0 pKa units more acidic than 1-propanol).It was also shown, applying the polarized continuum model (PCM), there is a superior linear correlation with the gas phase acidities (GPAs) of polyhydroxylated piperidines and their calculated pKa (DMSO) values.
A Comprehensive Systematic Review Protocol of Vaccine Hesitancy in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Wiafe Ebenezer , Rameshwarnath Keiyara , Tyler Danielle , Mbanjwa Simo , Bux Nazeefah , Mbatha Ndumiso , Syed Tasmiyah , Devnarain Shweta , Mensah Kofi Boamah , Oosthuizen Frasia , Bangalee Varsha 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Vaccine hesitancy has presented to public health, especially the fight against vaccine-preventable diseases, a great challenge in promoting global health. In this coronavirus era, it has become important to examine the concept of vaccine resistance, and effect adequate measures to clamp down on vaccine hesitancy. In an attempt to address vaccine hesitancy, some studies have determined the causes of vaccine hesitancy, reported on the reasons why individuals in resource-constraint countries delay and ultimately reject vaccination interventions, and provided evidence on measures that have been successful at reducing vaccine hesitancy. This comprehensive review protocol, which has been developed as a teaching tool, aims to present a stepwise approach to examining these studies.Methods: The protocol will guide the conduct of the systematic review in an orderly manner and by the allocated number of reviewers: the search strategy development and testing (2); the database search (6); the titles and abstract screening (3); full-text screening (3); the data extraction (7); and the quality assessment of included studies (2). The search strategy has been tested with results in 3 databases from inception to June 30, 2021: MEDLINE via EBSCOhost (n=1364), CINAHL via EBSCOhost (n=91), and Web of Science (n=3472). The included research papers will be reviewed according to the convergent segregated approach as explained in the Joanna Briggs Institute’s (JBI) manual. Conclusion: The review protocol, when successfully applied to conduct the systematic review, will provide some guidance to policy-makers as we tackle coronavirus through vaccination intervention. Systematic review registration DOI: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/BVP4S
Impact of Sarcopenia on Chemotherapy-Triggered Exacerbation of Interstitial Lung Disease in Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Kikuchi Ryota , Takoi Hiroyuki , Ishiwari Mayuko , Toriyama Kazutoshi , Kono Yuta , Togashi Yuki , Abe Shinji 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: While recent evidence has suggested that sarcopenia could predict chemotoxicity, its association with chemotherapy-triggered interstitial lung disease (ILD) exacerbations has yet to be investigated. Thus, the present study sought to determine whether sarcopenia could predict ILD exacerbations and overall survival (OS) in patients with ILD-complicated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods: From January 2010 to July 2020, 74 patients with ILD-complicated NSCLC who received chemotherapy were retrospectively investigated. After categorizing patients according to the presence or absence of sarcopenia based on the psoas muscle index, ILD exacerbation rates and OS were evaluated.Results: Among the included patients, 39 were included in the sarcopenia group. Moreover, 17 (22.9%) patients developed ILD exacerbations, with the sarcopenia and no-sarcopenia groups having an exacerbation rate of 33.3% and 11.4%, respectively (p = 0.025). Multivariate analysis identified sarcopenia as an independent predictor of ILD exacerbations (p = 0.039). Furthermore, patients with sarcopenia demonstrated a significantly shorter median OS compared to those without the same (9.2 vs. 13.3 months; p = 0.029).Conclusions: Sarcopenia predicted chemotherapy-triggered ILD exacerbation and OS in patients with ILD-complicated NSCLC, suggesting its utility in determining treatment approaches.Classifications: Pneumonology
Assessment of Mouse-Specific Pharmacokinetics in Kidneys Based on 131I Activity Measurements Using Micro-SPECT
Authors: Vargas Clarita Saldarriaga , Struelens Lara , D'Huyvetter Matthias , Caveliers Vicky , Covens Peter 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
In order to acquire accurate drug pharmacokinetic information, such as that required for tissue dosimetry, micro-SPECT must be quantitative and allow an accurate assessment of radioligand activity in the relevant tissue. This study investigates the feasibility of deriving accurate mouse-specific time-integrated drug pharmacokinetic data in mouse kidneys from activity measurements using micro-SPECT.
Methods
An animal experiment was done to evaluate the accuracy of 131I activity quantification in mouse kidneys using a micro-SPECT system against conventional ex vivo gamma counting (GC) in a NaI(Tl) detector. The imaging setting investigated was that of the mouse biodistribution of a 131I-labelled single-domain antibody fragment (sdAb) currently being investigated for targeted radionuclide therapy of HER2-expressing cancer. SPECT imaging of 131I 365-keV photons was done with a VECTor/CT system (MILabs, Netherlands) using a high-energy mouse collimator with 1.6-mm-diameter pinholes. For each activity quantification technique, the pharmacokinetic profile from approximately 1 to 73 h p.i. of the radioligand was derived and the time-integrated activity coefficient per gram of tissue (ã/M) was estimated. Additionally, SPECT activity recovery coefficients were determined in a phantom setting.
Results
SPECT activities underestimate the reference activities by an amount that is dependent on the 131I activity concentration in the kidney, and thus on the time point of the pharmacokinetic profile. This underestimation is around − 12% at 1.5 h (2.78 MBq.mL− 1 mean reference activity concentration), -13% at 6.6 h (143 kBq.mL− 1), -40% at 24 h (15 kBq.mL− 1) and − 46% at 73 h (5 kBq.mL− 1) p.i. The ã/M value estimated from SPECT activities is, nevertheless, within − 15% from the reference (GC) ã/M value. Furthermore, better quantitative accuracy (within 2% from GC) in the SPECT ã/M value is achieved when SPECT activities are compensated for partial recovery with a phantom-based correction factor.
Conclusion
The SPECT imaging system used, together with a robust activity quantification methodology, allows an accurate estimation of time-integrated pharmacokinetic information of the 131I-labelled sdAb in mouse kidneys. This opens the possibility to perform mouse-specific kidney-tissue dosimetry based on pharmacokinetic data acquired in vivo on the same mice used in nephrotoxicity studies.