bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Housing risk and the cross section of returns across many asset classes
Authors: Ma Sai , Zhang Shaojun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis article documents that a single‐factor model based on shocks to the residential investment share, or the ratio of residential‐to‐nonresidential investment, exhibits strong explanatory power for expected returns across various characteristic‐sorted portfolios in equity and other asset classes. The residential investment share captures time‐varying demand for housing services and is a state variable of the economy. Consequently, innovations to the share emerge as a risk factor in asset prices in the cross section. The empirical results are robust to controlling for other factor models based on durable consumption, financial intermediaries, household heterogeneity, and return‐based multifactor models designed to price these assets.
Comparison of the diagnostic efficacy between virtual portal pressure gradient and hepatic venous pressure gradient in patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension
Authors: Song Wei Ping , Zhang Shuo , Li Jing , Shao Yu Yang , Xu Ji Chong , Yang Chang Qing 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the performance of virtual portal pressure gradient (vPPG) and its associated hemodynamic parameters of 3‐dimensional (3D) model in patients with cirrhosis.MethodsSeventy cirrhotic patients who underwent both hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) measurement and vPPG calculation were prospectively collected. The ideal‐state model (ISM; n = 44) was defined by sinusoidal PH without hepatic vein shunt or portal vein thrombosis, whereas those not conforming to the criteria were classified as non‐ISM (n = 26). Correlation analyses were conducted to determine the relationship between vPPG or its associated 3D hemodynamic parameters and HVPG. The diagnostic and predictive performance of vPPG and HVPG for cirrhotic‐related complications was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Kaplan–Meier analysis.ResultsIn the ISM group, vPPG‐associated hemodynamic parameters including total branch cross‐sectional area (S2), average branch cross‐sectional area (S), and average portal vein model length (h) were correlated with HVPG (r = 0.592, 0.536, −0.497; all p < 0.001), whereas vPPG was strongly correlated with HVPG (r = 0.832, p < 0.001). In the non‐ISM group, vPPG, S2, S, and h were not related to HVPG (all p > 0.05). In the ISM group, both vPPG and HVPG showed significant diagnostic and predictive capabilities for cirrhosis‐related complications. While in the non‐ISM group, the diagnostic accuracy and predictive efficacy of vPPG surpassed those of HVPG.ConclusionHVPG exhibited superior diagnostic and predictive efficacy for cirrhotic PH in the ISM, whereas vPPG showed enhanced performance in non‐ISM.
Improving the integration of artificial intelligence into existing ecological inference workflows
Authors: Cowans Amber , Lambin Xavier , Hare Darragh , Sutherland Chris 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionised the process of identifying species and individuals in audio recordings and camera trap images. However, despite developments in sensor technology, machine learning and statistical methods, a general AI‐assisted data‐to‐inference pipeline has yet to emerge.

We argue that this is, in part, due to a lack of clarity around several decisions in existing workflows, including: the choice of classifier used (e.g. semi‐ vs. fully automated); how classifier confidence scores are used and interpreted; and the availability and selection of appropriate statistical methods for drawing ecological inferences.

Here, we attempt to conceptualise a general workflow associated with automated tools in ecology. We motivate this perspective using our experiences with occupancy modelling using monitoring data collected through passive acoustic monitoring and camera trapping, identifying priority areas for future developments.

We offer an accessible guide to support the ecological community in navigating and capitalising on rapid technological and methodological advances. We describe how different error types arise from both sensor‐based monitoring and from classifiers themselves; how different error types are handled at each stage of the workflow; and finally, implications and opportunities associated with deciding on methods used at each step of the pipeline.

We recommend that ‘black box’ tools like neural network classification algorithms should be embraced in ecology, but widespread uptake requires more formal integration of AI into the existing ecological inference workflows. Like ecological AI more broadly, however, successful development of new data‐to‐inference pipelines is a multidisciplinary endeavour that requires input from everyone invested in collecting, processing, analysing and using ecological monitoring data.
Rural nursing and allied health placements during the latter stage of the COVID‐19 public health emergency: A national study
Authors: Jessup Belinda , Brand Anthea , Kirschbaum Melissa , Allen Penny , Bourke Lisa , Bailie Jodie , Heaney Susan , Sheepway Lyndal , Podubinski Tegan , Hoang Ha , Obamiro Kehinde , Jatrana Santosh , Knight Sabina , Fitzroy Robyn , Rasiah Rohan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo explore changes to rural nursing and allied health placements during the latter stage of the COVID‐19 public health emergency.SettingRegional, rural and remote Australia.ParticipantsNursing and allied health students with a scheduled University Department of Rural Health (UDRH) facilitated rural placement between 1 January 2022 and 31 October 2022.DesignCross‐sectional online survey (n = 333), followed by semi‐structured interviews (n = 21).ResultsAlmost all students surveyed (98.5%) were able to undertake their placement, although 13.1% reported changes to the setting, timing or delivery of training. Placement tasks (47.3%), experience of the local community (39.0%) and connection with other students (39.6%) were the placement aspects most commonly reported to have changed. However, most students were satisfied with their placement (86.0%), agreed their placement provided quality clinical training (79.3%) and wanted to work rurally after their experience (73.2%). Nursing students had lower odds of reporting satisfaction with placement (OR, 0.49 [95% CI 0.24–0.99, p = 0.03]), while placements longer than 4 weeks had almost twice the odds of promoting rural intention (OR, 1.84 [95% CI 1.09–3.15, p = 0.02]). Placement changes were associated with: fear of contracting COVID‐19; circulating illness; health workforce shortages; and health and safety compliance.ConclusionsDespite changes, most students found rural placements undertaken during 2022 to be quality learning experiences which left them satisfied and wanting to work rurally. UDRHs should advocate for longer placements, improve remote supervision and accommodation infrastructure, and help prepare and support students for challenging learning environments to promote positive rural training experiences during public health emergencies.
Radiofrequency ablation versus microwave ablation for lung cancer/lung metastases: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Xiaomei , Zhan Yuting , Wang Huimin , Tang Xiaoqin , Cheng Youguo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundBoth radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and microwave ablation (MWA) are commonly used non‐surgical treatment methods for lung cancer/lung metastases (LC/LM). However, there is still debate over which one is superior. The meta‐analysis was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and safety between the two groups.MethodsSeven databases were systematically searched for relevant literature comparing RFA versus MWA in the treatment of LC/LM. The primary outcome assessed was survival, while secondary outcomes included ablation efficacy rate, recurrence, and complications.ResultsTen studies were included, comprising 433 patients in the RFA group and 526 in the MWA group. The RFA group exhibited longer overall survival (OS) time (mean difference [MD]: 1.95 [0.43, 3.48] months) and progression‐free survival (PFS) time (MD: 3.00 [2.31, 3.69] months) compared to the MWA group. Progression‐free survival rates (PFSR) at 1 and 2 years were superior in the RFA group, with the advantage of PFSR increasing with prolonged survival time. However, the ablation duration (MD: 5.78 [3.54, 8.01] min) was longer in the RFA group. Both groups showed similar rates of recurrence, complete ablation (initial and subsequent sessions), total complications, as well as grade 1–2 and grade 3–4 complications. The top 5 complications in the total population were pneumothorax (26.63%), pleural effusion (17.22%), subcutaneous emphysema (14.31%), intra‐alveolar haemorrhage (9.72%), and post‐ablation syndrome (8.88%).ConclusionsRFA appears to be more effective than MWA in the treatment of LC/LM, showing improved survival (OS and PFS) and comparable safety.
Positive dementia caregiving in 30 days (PDC30): Study protocol of a randomized controlled trial of a self‐guided automated online training program
Authors: Cheng Sheung‐Tak , Ng Peter H. F. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe Benefit‐Finding Intervention, a face‐to‐face psychoeducation program with a focus on the positive meanings of caregiving, has been found to reduce depressive symptoms and burden in dementia caregivers. The program was revamped into a computer‐delivered web‐based program to enable 24/7 access without location restriction. This study evaluates the efficacy of this new online program called Positive Dementia Caregiving in 30 Days (PDC30). A 2‐arm (PDC30 vs. waitlist control) parallel‐group randomized controlled trial will be conducted. Target sample is 200 mildly depressed dementia family caregivers with internet access and fluency in English, who will be recruited globally through a YouTube video promoted on social media and through service agencies. The primary outcome is depressive symptoms whereas secondary outcomes are anxiety symptoms, burden, and positive gains, all collected at baseline and 1, 2, and 3 months. The treatment x time (both linear and quadratic) interaction effects will be examined using mixed‐effect regression. Additionally, possible therapeutic mechanisms via strengthened self‐efficacy in controlling upsetting thoughts and positive reappraisal coping will be examined in a mediation path model. If positive treatment effects are found, the potential public health benefits, given the ease of access, universal availability, and flexible approach, of this online intervention are considerable.
Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency With Biochemical Abnormalities in Children Undergoing Vitamin D Testing
Authors: Bolland Mark J. , Hofman Paul , Grey Andrew 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveVitamin D deficiency (VDD) in children can cause hypocalcaemia and rickets, but the prevalence of these complications and the 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations below which they arise is uncertain. We investigated this in children (< 18 years) with 25OHD measurements.Design, Measurement and PatientsWe obtained 25OHD results from the regional laboratory database, alongside albumin‐adjusted serum calcium (aCa), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) within 6 months of the index 25OHD. We defined confirmed VDD with biochemical abnormalities (VDDba) as all of low aCa, elevated PTH and elevated ALP. Possible/potential VDDba were defined as 2/3 VDDba criteria with the third test missing (possible), or in the normal range (potential). Clinical records of identified cases were reviewed, and a consensus diagnosis was reached.ResultsA total of 30,663 25OHD measurements were identified over 11.5 years (1 January 2009 to 15 June 2020); mean age 8 y, 47% female. After excluding ineligible results, 12,858 25OHD measurements from 9516 individuals with ≥ 2 aCa, PTH and ALP were analysed. Median 25OHD was 61 nmol/L; 36% < 50 nmol/L, 10% < 25 nmol/L. In total, 152 index 25OHD measurements were categorised as VDDba (30 confirmed, 23 possible and 99 potential). Following record review, 118 individuals (111 < 3 years) had 120 clinically confirmed VDDba episodes (62 clinical rickets, 15 biochemical rickets, 16 hypocalcaemia, 23 secondary hyperparathyroidism and 4 partially treated rickets). Fifty‐six had undetectable 25OHD, and 104 < 25 nmol/L. The proportion of clinically confirmed VDDba was 0.9% for all eligible 25OHD measurements, and 8% for 25OHD < 25 nmol/L.ConclusionVDDba is uncommon in children undergoing 25OHD testing, and occurs almost entirely in children < 3 years.
The role of sonic hedgehog signaling in the oropharyngeal epithelium during jaw development
Authors: Takeuchi Rika , Takechi Masaki , Namangkalakul Worachat , Ninomiya Youichirou , Furutera Toshiko , Aoto Kazushi , Koyabu Daisuke , Adachi Noritaka , Hayashi Katsuhiko , Okabe Masataka , Iseki Sachiko 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSonic hedgehog (Shh) is expressed in the oropharyngeal epithelium, including the frontonasal ectodermal zone (FEZ), which is defined as the boundary between Shh and Fgf8 expression domains in the frontonasal epithelium. To investigate the role of SHH signaling from the oropharyngeal epithelium, we generated mice in which Shh expression is specifically deleted in the oropharyngeal epithelium (Isl1‐Cre; Shhf/f). In the mutant mouse, Shh expression was excised in the oropharyngeal epithelium as well as FEZ and ventral forebrain, consistent with the expression pattern of Isl1. Isl1‐Cre; Shhf/f mice exhibited a complete loss of lower jaw components and a malformed upper jaw with defects in the cranial base and secondary palate. Massive cell death was observed in the mandibular process at embryonic day (E) 9.5 and E10.5, while mild cell death was observed in the lambdoidal region (the fusion area in the maxillary, lateral nasal, and medial nasal processes) at E10.5. An RNA‐seq analysis revealed that Satb2, a gene involved in cell survival during jaw formation, was downregulated in the lambdoidal region in Isl1‐Cre; Shhf/f mice. These results suggest that Shh expression in the FEZ is required for cell survival and skeletogenesis in the lambdoidal region during the development of the upper jaw and that the developmental control governed by SHH signaling is different between upper and lower jaws.
Annexin A1 Mitigates Blood–Brain Barrier Disruption in a Sepsis‐Associated Encephalopathy Model by Enhancing the Expression of Occludin and Zonula Occludens‐1 (ZO‐1)
Authors: Li Yao , Zhou Fang , You Jiyue , Gong Xinran 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAimsThis study investigated the protective role of Annexin A1 (ANXA1) in sepsis‐associated encephalopathy (SAE) by examining its effects on brain vascular endothelium and blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity.MethodsMice were divided into four groups: wild type (WT), cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), ANXA1 knockout (ANXA1[−/−]), and ANXA1(−/−) with CLP. Neurobehavioral changes were assessed using the Y‐maze test, while BBB integrity was evaluated through Evans blue dye (EBD) staining and permeability tests with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐dextran.ResultsResults showed that ANXA1 levels were reduced in septic mice, and its deficiency exacerbated cognitive impairment and survival rate reduction. ANXA1 deficiency also upregulated proinflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules, worsened BBB impairment, and altered expression of tight junction proteins and VEGF‐A/VEGF‐R2. In vitro, ANXA1 Ac2‐26 prevented LPS‐induced increased permeability in bEnd.3 cells by restoring tight junction proteins and reducing VEGF‐A/VEGF‐R2 expression. Notably, VEGF‐A negated the protective effects of ANXA1 Ac2‐26.ConclusionThe study concludes that ANXA1 reduces BBB permeability to protect against sepsis‐induced brain dysfunction via VEGF‐A/VEGF‐R2 regulation of tight junction proteins, suggesting ANXA1 as a potential therapeutic for SAE.
Elevated Activity in Left Homologous Music Circuits Is Inhibitory for Music Perception but Mediated by Structure–Function Coupling
Authors: Wang Yucheng , Jin Zhishuai , Huyang Sizhu , Lian Qiaoping , Wu Daxing 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAimsPrevious studies suggested that structural and functional connectivity of right frontotemporal circuits associate with music perception. Emerging evidences demonstrated that structure–function coupling is important for cognition and may allow for a more sensitive investigation of brain–behavior association, while we know little about the relationship between structure–function coupling and music perception.MethodsWe collected multimodal neuroimaging data from 106 participants and measured their music perception by Montreal Battery of Evaluation of Amusia (MBEA). Then we computed structure–function coupling, amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation (ALFF), gray matter volume (GMV), and structural/functional degree centrality (DC) and utilized support vector regression algorithm to build their relationship with MBEA score.ResultsWe found structure–function coupling, rather than GMV, ALFF, or DC, contributed to predict MBEA score. Left middle frontal gyrus (L.MFG), bilateral inferior temporal gyrus, and right insula were the most predictive ROIs for MBEA score. Mediation analysis revealed structure–function coupling of L.MFG, a region that is homologous to typical music circuits, fully mediated the negative link between ALFF of L.MFG and MBEA score.ConclusionStructure–function coupling is more effective when explaining variation in music perception. Our findings provide further understanding for the neural basis of music and have implications for cognitive causes of amusia.
Changes in gastrointestinal motility and gut hormone secretion after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy for individuals with severe obesity
Authors: Wilbrink Jennifer A. , van Avesaat Mark , Nienhuijs Simon W. , Stronkhorst Arnold , Masclee Ad A. M. 
Published: December 2024

SummaryBackgroundBariatric surgery is very effective in long‐term weight management. The present study was undertaken to investigate the short‐term effects of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and of Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) on (a) gastrointestinal (GI) motility, that is gastric emptying and oro‐cecal transit time and (b) secretion of regulatory gut peptides and (c) their interrelationship.MethodsProspective single‐centre study in which we assessed gastric emptying, oro‐cecal transit time and gut peptide release in 28 severely obese individuals before and 2, respectively, 12 months after bariatric surgery (either SG or RYGB). Plasma PYY, GLP‐1, ghrelin, insulin and glucose levels were measured fasting and after intake of a solid standard 459 kcal meal at each occasion. Gastric emptying was measured by 13 C octanoic acid breath testing, and oro‐cecal transit time was measured by lactulose H2 breath testing. Satiation was measured using VAS scores.ResultsAfter both RYGB and SG gastric emptying become significantly accelerated, and postprandial release of the distal gut peptides GLP‐1 and PYY becomes significantly increased, pointing to ileal brake activation. Oro‐cecal transit time becomes significantly accelerated after SG but not after RYGB. No significant correlations were observed between changes in distal gut peptide release, changes in GI motility and clinical parameters.ConclusionBoth SG and RYGB resulted in significant weight loss and significantly affected GI motility and PYY and GLP‐1 secretion. Subtle differences between both procedures were found in effect on oro‐cecal transit time and patterns of peptide secretion.
The value of semiquantitative analysis of [99mTc]MDP SPECT/CT in localizing responsible lesions for suspected fresh osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures in patients with contraindications to MRI
Authors: Shi Sheng , Cai Hai‐Dong , Lu Gai‐Xia , Zhang Li‐Guo , Zheng Shuang , He Shi‐Sheng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of single‐photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) in detecting and localizing the causative vertebra in cases of suspected fresh osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) in patients with contraindications to MRI.MethodsA total of 21 patients with severe back pain with 31 suspected OVCF segments and contraindications to MRI were initially identified through radiographs and the back pain‐inducing test (BPIT). The responsible vertebral bodies were determined using [99mTc]MDP SPECT/CT before percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP). Clinical outcomes and radiographic parameters, including basic demographics, injury duration, focal kyphosis (FK), loss of vertebral height (LVH), and relative intensity values (RIVs) for target and nontarget segments in the SPECT/CT were measured.ResultsSPECT/CT identified 14 old and 26 fresh OVCFs. Of these, 18 patients with 26 fresh OVCF segments underwent PVP, and achieved satisfactory outcomes. Significant differences were observed in the RIV, FK, and LVH values between the fresh and old OCVF groups (all p < 0.05). RIVs showed a significant negative correlation with injury duration (r = −0.57, p < 0.05), and a positive correlation with LVH (r = 0.43, p < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis confirmed that injury duration was an independent predictor of RIVs (p < 0.05).ConclusionSPECT/CT is useful for detecting and differentiating fresh fractures from old fractures in patients having OVCF who cannot undergo MRI after BPIT validation, allowing these patients to achieve excellent clinical outcomes following PVP. The RIV serves as a valuable parameter for assessing the duration of fresh versus old OVCFs.Trial RegistrationChiCTR, ChiCTR 2300077570. Retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=206192.
Population pharmacokinetics of iruplinalkib in healthy volunteers and patients with solid tumors
Authors: Yang Guihong , Wang Yimei , Zhao Huimin , Jiang Ziyi , Zheng Shansong , Ge Mingjing , Si Meimei , Kang Xiaoyan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIruplinalkib (WX‐0593), a selective oral ALK/ROS1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was approved in China as first‐line therapy for ALK‐positive non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic ALK‐positive NSCLC that has progressed following crizotinib therapy. Pharmacokinetics (PK) data of iruplinalkib have been collected in healthy subjects and patient populations in several studies. We developed a population PK (PopPK) model for describing iruplinalkib plasma concentrations and for evaluating whether dose adjustments are necessary based on demographic factors or disease characteristics. Plasma concentration–time data were collected from 392 participants (16 healthy volunteers and 372 patients with solid tumors) who received single or multiple doses of iruplinalkib in four trials. Data were analyzed using non‐linear mixed‐effects modeling. Iruplinalkib plasma concentrations were best described by a two‐compartment model with first‐order absorption and first‐order elimination. Baseline body weight, time‐varying albumin, time‐varying creatinine clearance, and time‐varying lactate dehydrogenase were significant covariates of apparent clearance from the central compartment (CL/F) while baseline body weight was a significant covariate of apparent volume of the central compartment (V1/F). Given the small or modest effect of all statistically significant covariates on iruplinalkib exposure at steady‐state, no covariate was expected to have clinically meaningful effects on iruplinalkib exposure. Furthermore, iruplinalkib absorption was delayed 0.472 h after meal, and Ka was 58.8% of that under fasting. However, there was no difference in exposure of iruplinalkib between the fasted and fed states. In conclusion, the PopPK model adequately describes iruplinalkib PK properties in Chinese healthy subjects and patients with solid tumors. No covariate had a clinically meaningful impact on iruplinalkib exposure. These results indicate that dose adjustment of iruplinalkib is not necessary, based on the aforementioned covariates, for ALK‐positive NSCLC patients.