bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation and Maintenance Mechanisms of the Subseasonal Eastern Pacific Pattern: Energetics Analysis
Authors: Wang Miao , Tan Benkui 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBased on daily data from Japanese 55‐year Reanalysis (JRA‐55), this study examines the formation and maintenance mechanisms of the subseasonal eastern Pacific (EP) pattern from an energetics perspective. Results show that the baroclinic energy conversion (CPB) acts as an important energy source to overcome the thermal damping caused by the transient eddies and as a major kinetic energy (KE) source. The feedback forcing of transient eddies (CKE) acts as a major KE source during the growing stage and a major KE sink during the decay of the EP pattern. At the same time, the barotropic energy conversion (CKB) also makes substantial positive KE contribution. The results also suggest that the EP dynamics differ among different tropospheric layers. In the upper layer, CPB, CKB, and the anomalous geopotential height flux divergence (AGHFD) term all act as major KE source, while CKE acts as a major KE source (sink) during the growth (decay) stage of the EP pattern. The middle layer is mainly driven by CPB and AGHFD: CPB acts as a KE source while AGHFD as a sink. In the lower layer, CPB and AGHFD act as major KE sources with the later larger than the former, while the friction term damps the EP pattern heavily. It is found that the vertical component of the divergence of geopotential height flux anomaly plays a crucial role in the dynamic coupling of the different vertical parts of the EP pattern.
Trapping and Amplification of Unguided Mode EMIC Waves in the Radiation Belt
Authors: Wang Geng , Gao ZhongLei , Wu MingYu , Wang GuoQiang , Xiao SuDong , Chen YuanQiang , Zou ZhengYang , Zhang TieLong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractElectromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves can cause the scattering loss of the relativistic electrons in the radiation belt. They can be classified into the guided mode and the unguided mode, according to wave's propagation behavior. The guided mode waves have been widely investigated in the radiation belt, but the observation of the unguided mode waves have not been expected. Based on the observations of Van Allen Probes, we demonstrate for the first time the existence of the intense unguided L‐mode EMIC waves in the radiation belt according to the polarization characteristics. Growth rate analyses indicate that the hot protons with energies of a few hundred keV may provide the free energy for wave growth. The reflection interface formed by the spatial locations of local helium cutoff frequencies can be nearly parallel to the equatorial plane when the proton abundance ratio decreases sharply with ‐shell. This structure combined with hot protons may lead to the trapping and significant amplification of the unguided mode waves. These results may help to understand the nature of EMIC waves and their dynamics in the radiation belt.
Meteoroid Mass Estimation Based on Single‐Frequency Radar Cross Section Measurements
Authors: Tarnecki L. K. , Marshall R. A. , Stober G. , Kero J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBoth high‐power large aperture radars and smaller meteor radars readily observe the dense head plasma produced as a meteoroid ablates. However, determining the mass of such meteors based on the information returned by the radar is challenging. We present a new method for deriving meteor masses from single‐frequency radar measurements, using a physics‐based plasma model and finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) simulations. The head plasma model derived in Dimant and Oppenheim (2017), https://doi.org/10.1002/2017ja023963 depends on the meteoroids altitude, speed, and size. We use FDTD simulations of a radar pulse interacting with such head plasmas to determine the radar cross section (RCS) that a radar system would observe for a meteor with a given set of physical properties. By performing simulations over the observed parameter space, we construct tables relating meteor size, velocity, and altitude to RCS. We then use these tables to map a set of observations from the MAARSY radar (53.5 MHz) to fully defined plasma distributions, from which masses are calculated. To validate these results, we repeat the analysis using observations of the same meteors by the EISCAT radar (929 MHz). The resulting masses are strongly linearly correlated; however, the masses derived from EISCAT measurements are on average 1.33 times larger than those derived from MAARSY measurements. Since this method does not require dual‐frequency measurements for mass determination, only validation, it can be applied in the future to observations made by many single‐frequency radar systems.
Electromagnetic Characteristics of Fast Magnetosonic Waves in the Inner Magnetosphere
Authors: Yu Xiongdong , Yuan Zhigang , Yao Fei , Ouyang Zhihai , Wang Dedong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn evaluating the effects of fast magnetosonic (MS) waves on magnetospheric particles, their magnetic spectra are often obtained from satellite observations, while electric field components are usually derived under the cold plasma approximation. However, such an approximation has not been verified with in situ observations yet. In this study, we report the electromagnetic characteristic for MS waves in various plasma environments with observations of the Van Allen Probe A. It is found that a considerable number of observed MS waves consist of dominated electrostatic components, which also suggest the importance of inspecting the estimation algorithm for the electric field components. Moreover, the comparison between results from statistical and theoretical analysis shows that electromagnetic characteristics of the observed MS waves can be well predicted by cold plasma theory. Our result indicates the validation of cold plasma approximation to estimate the electric field components of MS waves from their magnetic counterparts in the inner magnetosphere.
Improving Seasonal Prediction of California Winter Precipitation Using Canonical Correlation Analysis
Authors: Wang Gaoyun , Zhuang Yizhou , Fu Rong , Zhao Siyu , Wang Hongqing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe have developed a canonical correlation analysis (CCA) model for improving seasonal winter rainfall prediction. It uses the anomalies of sea surface temperature (SST), vertically integrated vapor transport (IVT), and geopotential height at 250 hPa (Z250) in October and November, respectively, as the predictors for winter rainfall prediction. These predictors represent the processes that influence winter rainfall over California as documented in the literature, but their potential for improving predictability was previously unclear. This statistical model shows prediction skills higher than those of the baseline autoregressive model, the CCA‐based prediction model using only the SST anomalies, and the dynamic predictions by the North American Multi‐Model Ensemble (NMME). Averaged over California, the Pearson correlation (R) is 0.64, root mean squared error (RMSE) is 0.65, and Heidke skill score (HSS) is 0.42 when the CCA‐based model is initialized by the three predictor fields (SST, IVT, and Z250) in November. These skills are higher than those of the NMME predictions initialized in November (R, RMSE, and HSS are 0.30, 0.83, and 0.15, respectively) and those of the autoregressive baseline (R, RMSE, and HSS are 0.10, 0.79, and 0.08, respectively). Hindcasts of winter rainfall initialized by October observations show R, RMSE, and HSS of 0.53, 0.81, and 0.39, respectively, also higher than those of the NMME seasonal prediction initialized in October (0.32, 0.79, and 0.22 for R, RMSE, and HSS, respectively) and the autoregressive model (0.30, 0.75, and 0.16 for R, RMSE, and HSS, respectively).
Comparison of numerical and standard sarnat grading using the NICHD and SIBEN methods
Authors: Walsh Brian H. , Munster Chelsea , El-Shibiny Hoda , Yang Edward , Inder Terrie E. , El-Dib Mohamed 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective
The NICHD and SIBEN assessments are adapted from the Sarnat grade, and used to determine severity of neonatal encephalopathy (NE). We compare NICHD and SIBEN methods, and their ability to define a minimum threshold associated with significant cerebral injury.

Study design
Between 2016 and 2019, 145 infants with NE (77-mild; 65-moderate; 3-severe) were included. NICHD and SIBEN grade and numerical scores were assigned. Kappa scores described agreement between methods, and ROC curves their ability to predict MR injury.

Results
Good agreement existed between grading systems (K = 0.86). SIBEN defined more infants as moderate, and less as mild, than NICHD (p < 0.001). Both numerical scores were superior to standard grades in predicting MR injury.

Conclusion
Despite good agreement between methods, SIBEN defines more infants as moderate NE. Both numerical scores were superior to standard grade, and comparable to each other, in defining a minimum threshold for cerebral injury. Further assessment contrasting their predictive ability for long-term outcome is required.
Elevated body fat increases amphetamine accumulation in brain: evidence from genetic and diet-induced forms of adiposity
Authors: Fu Xiuping , Shah Aparna P. , Keighron Jacqueline , Mou Ta-Chung M. , Ladenheim Bruce , Alt Jesse , Fukudome Daisuke , Niwa Minae , Tamashiro Kellie L. , Tanda Gianluigi , Sawa Akira , Cadet Jean-Lud , Rais Rana , Baraban Jay M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDespite the high prevalence of obesity, little is known about its potential impact on the pharmacokinetics of psychotropic drugs. In the course of investigating the role of the microRNA system on neuronal signaling, we found that mice lacking the translin/trax microRNA-degrading enzyme display an exaggerated locomotor response to amphetamine. As these mice display robust adiposity in the context of normal body weight, we checked whether this phenotype might reflect elevated brain levels of amphetamine. To assess this hypothesis, we compared plasma and brain amphetamine levels of wild type and Tsn KO mice. Furthermore, we checked the effect of diet-induced increases in adiposity on plasma and brain amphetamine levels in wild type mice. Brain amphetamine levels were higher in Tsn KO mice than in wild type littermates and correlated with adiposity. Analysis of the effect of diet-induced increases in adiposity in wild type mice on brain amphetamine levels also demonstrated that brain amphetamine levels correlate with adiposity. Increased adiposity displayed by Tsn KO mice or by wild type mice fed a high-fat diet correlates with elevated brain amphetamine levels. As amphetamine and its analogues are widely used to treat attention deficit disorder, which is associated with obesity, further studies are warranted to assess the impact of adiposity on amphetamine levels in these patients.
Targeting of IL-10R on acute myeloid leukemia blasts with chimeric antigen receptor-expressing T cells
Authors: Chen Nianci , Xu Yingxi , Mou Junli , Rao Qing , Xing Haiyan , Tian Zheng , Tang Kejing , Wang Min , Wang Jiangxiang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a biologically and clinically heterogeneous disease with a dismal prognosis and limited treatment options. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have achieved unprecedented clinical responses in patients with B cell malignancies but a dismal consequences in AML. In our previous study, we found that interleukin-10 receptor (IL-10R) was overexpressed in most AML cells, and played an important role in promoting the stemness of leukemia cells. In this study, we developed a novel ligand-based CAR-T cell targeting IL-10R, which displayed striking cytotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo against AML cells. Except for monocytes, it had no significant adverse effects on the normal hematopoietic system, including CD34+hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). In addition, even though the incorporation of IL-10 in the CAR cassette led to phenotypes change, it had few adverse effects on the survival and biological activity of IL-10 CAR-T cells and did not cause excessive proliferation of leukemia cells. Therefore, we propose IL-10R is a novel promising therapeutic candidate for AML, and IL-10R targeted CAR-T therapy provides a new treatment strategy to improve the prognosis of AML.
CPT1α maintains phenotype of tubules via mitochondrial respiration during kidney injury and repair
Authors: Yuan Qi , Lv Yunhui , Ding Hao , Ke Qingqing , Shi Caifeng , Luo Jing , Jiang Lei , Yang Junwei , Zhou Yang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractImpaired energy metabolism in proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) is strongly associated with various kidney diseases. Here, we characterized proximal tubular phenotype alternations during kidney injury and repair in a mouse model of folic acid nephropathy, in parallel, identified carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1α (CPT1α) as an energy stress response accompanied by renal tubular dedifferentiation. Genetic ablation of Cpt1α aggravated the tubular injury and interstitial fibrosis and hampered kidney repair indicate that CPT1α is vital for the preservation and recovery of tubular phenotype. Our data showed that the lipid accumulation and mitochondrial mass reduction induced by folic acid were persistent and became progressively more severe in PTECs without CPT1α. Interference of CPT1α reduced capacities of mitochondrial respiration and ATP production in PTECs, and further sensitized cells to folic acid-induced phenotypic changes. On the contrary, overexpression of CPT1α protected mitochondrial respiration and prevented against folic acid-induced tubular cell damage. These findings link CPT1α to intrinsic mechanisms regulating the mitochondrial respiration and phenotype of kidney tubules that may contribute to renal pathology during injury and repair.
Advanced biofabrication strategies for biomimetic composite scaffolds to regenerate ligament‐bone interface
Authors: Jiang Nan , Mao Mao , Li Xiao , Zhang Weijie , He Jiankang , Li Dichen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe natural ligament–bone interface features gradient changes in matrix composition, architecture and cell phenotype, which play critical roles in reliable ligament fixation and smooth loading transfer. Mimicking such organisations in artificial composite tissue‐engineering scaffolds is important for realising functional fixation between ligament implants and host bones. Here, the authors aim to provide a comprehensive review on the latest strategies to fabricate biomimetic composite scaffolds for the regeneration of ligament‐to‐bone interface. The biomimetic composite scaffolds are divided into stratified and gradient scaffolds, which are characterised as layer‐specific and continuous changes, respectively, in scaffold materials and/or microstructures. Biofabrication strategies for different types of composite scaffolds are summarised. The effects of material/structural changes on cellular morphology, cell differentiation, in vivo osteointegration and multi‐tissue interface regeneration are highlighted. Finally, the potential challenges and future perspectives in engineering biomimetic composite scaffolds for ligament–bone interface regeneration are discussed.
A phase‐shift‐free synchronous reference frame filter‐based position sensorless control method for open‐winding permanent magnet generator system
Authors: Hao Wenjuan , Wang Yu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAn open‐winding permanent magnet generator (OWPMG) system that offers features like fewer switching devices and high integration can be used in multi‐input generator systems. To achieve high‐accuracy position sensorless operation for the OWPMG system, this study investigates a phase‐shift‐free synchronous reference frame filter (SRFF‐PSF) for use in the sliding mode observer (SMO) position sensorless algorithm. The proposed SRFF‐PSF can completely restore the fundamental component of back‐electromotive force (EMF) without phase shift and filter out the high‐order harmonics owing to the following two improvements. First, the fundamental phase lag is eliminated by removing the low‐pass filter between the back‐EMF and the SRFF. Second, the error iteration of the output position angle is avoided by using the synchronous angle information from an additional phase locked loop module for the coordinate transformation of the SRFF. Based on the aforementioned improvements, the proposed method can effectively solve the phase shift problem in position estimation. The correctness and effectiveness of the method are verified by the experimental results.
China's practice of smart city standardisation and assessment
Authors: Zhang Dapeng , Wang Xi , Rong Wenge , Yang Yu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSmart city is one of the current trends of city evolvement. Smart city is a systematic project, which needs a holistic approach. As lots of pilot projects have been undertaken by cities, how to assess the ‘smartness’ of a city is of great importance. This study sums China's smart city standardisation and assessment practice, starting from the national policy evolvement, followed by the standardisation system, assessment and its key procedures and concludes with some possible future works regarding smart city standardisation and assessment.
Diagnosing Inherited Platelet Disorders: Modalities and Consequences
Authors: Zaninetti Carlo , Wolff Martina , Greinacher Andreas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractInherited platelet disorders (IPDs) are a group of rare conditions featured by reduced circulating platelets and/or impaired platelet function causing variable bleeding tendency. Additional hematological or non hematological features, which can be congenital or acquired, distinctively mark the clinical picture of a subgroup of patients. Recognizing an IPD is challenging, and diagnostic delay or mistakes are frequent. Despite the increasing availability of next-generation sequencing, a careful phenotyping of suspected patients—concerning the general clinical features, platelet morphology, and function—is still demanded. The cornerstones of IPD diagnosis are clinical evaluation, laboratory characterization, and genetic testing. Achieving a diagnosis of IPD is desirable for several reasons, including the possibility of tailored therapeutic strategies and individual follow-up programs. However, detailed investigations can also open complex scenarios raising ethical issues in case of IPDs predisposing to hematological malignancies. This review offers an overview of IPD diagnostic workup, from the interview with the proband to the molecular confirmation of the suspected disorder. The main implications of an IPD diagnosis are also discussed.
Comparison of double layer in argon helicon plasma and magnetized DC discharge plasma
Authors: WANG Yueqing , CUI Ruilin , HAN Ruoyu , HE Feng , ZHANG Tianliang , MIAO Jinsong , OUYANG Jiting 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We present in this paper the comparison of an electric double layer (DL) in argon helicon plasma and magnetized direct current (DC) discharge plasma. DL in high-density argon helicon plasma of 13.56 MHz RF discharge was investigated experimentally by a floating electrostatic probe and local optical emission spectroscopy (LOES). The DL characteristics at different operating parameters, including RF power (300–1500 W), tube diameter (8–60 mm), and external magnetic field (0–300 G), were measured. For comparison, DL in magnetized plasma channel of a DC discharge under different conditions was also measured experimentally. The results show that in both cases, DL appears in a divergent magnetic field where the magnetic field gradient is the largest and when the plasma density is sufficiently high. DL strength (or potential drop of DL) increases with the magnetic field in two different structures. It is suggested that the electric DL should be a common phenomenon in dense plasma under a gradient external magnetic field. DL in magnetized plasmas can be controlled properly by magnetic field structure and discharge mode (hence the plasma density).
State-Level Policy Stigma and Non-Prescribed Hormones Use among Trans Populations in the United States: A Mediational Analysis of Insurance and Anticipated Stigma
Authors: Hughes Landon D , Gamarel Kristi E , King Wesley M , Goldenberg Tamar , Jaccard James , Geronimus Arline T 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Medical gender affirmation (i.e., hormone use) is one-way transgender (trans) people affirm their gender and has been associated with health benefits. However, trans people face stigmatization when accessing gender-affirming healthcare, which leads some to use non-prescribed hormones (NPHs) that increase their risk for poor health.

Purpose
We examined whether healthcare policy stigma, as measured by state-level trans-specific policies, was associated with NPHs use and tested mediational paths that might explain these associations. Because stigmatizing healthcare policies prevent trans people from participation in healthcare systems and allow for discrimination by healthcare providers, we hypothesized that healthcare policy stigma would be associated with NPHs use by operating through three main pathways: skipping care due to anticipated stigma in healthcare settings, skipping care due to cost, and being uninsured.

Methods
We conducted analyses using data from the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey. The analytic sample included trans adults using hormones (N = 11,994). We fit a multinomial structural equation model to examine associations.

Results
Among trans adults using hormones, we found that healthcare policy stigma was positively associated with NPHs use and operated through insurance coverage and anticipating stigma in healthcare settings. The effect sizes on key predictor variables varied significantly between those who use supplemental NPHs and those who only use NPHs suggesting the need to treat NPHs use as distinct from those who use supplemental NPHs.

Conclusions
Our work highlights the importance of healthcare policy stigma in understanding health inequities among trans people in the USA, specifically NPHs use.
Use of an argatroban systemic infusion and purge solution in a patient with a percutaneous ventricular assist device with suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
Authors: Shtoyko Ashley N , Feldman Elizabeth A , Cwikla Gregory M , Darko William , Green G Randall , Seabury Robert W 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Purpose
Thrombocytopenia can occur when using an Impella percutaneous ventricular assist device (pVAD), and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is often suspected. Data on heparin- and anticoagulant-free purge solutions in these devices are limited. Previous case reports have described argatroban-based purge solutions, both with and without systemic argatroban, at varying concentrations in patients with known or suspected HIT.

Summary
A 33-year-old male was transferred to our institution and emergently initiated on life support with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), an Impella pVAD, and continuous venovenous hemofiltration to receive an urgent aortic valve replacement. Over the next several days, the patient’s platelet count declined with a nadir of 17 × 103/μL on hospital day 13. The patient’s 4T score for probability of HIT was calculated as 4. All heparin products were discontinued on hospital day 15, and the patient was initiated on systemic infusion with argatroban 1,000 μg/mL at a rate of 0.2 μg/kg/min with a purge solution of argatroban 0.05 mg/mL. The systemic infusion remained at a rate of 0.2 μg/kg/min, and the total argatroban dose was, on average, less than 0.25 μg/kg/min. On hospital day 21, the patient was transferred to another institution.

Conclusion
Systemic infusion and a purge solution with argatroban were used in a patient with an Impella pVAD with multisystem organ dysfunction and suspected HIT. The patient achieved therapeutic activated partial thromboplastin times without adjustment of the systemic argatroban infusion and did not experience bleeding or thrombosis. Further studies concerning the safety and effectiveness of argatroban-based purge solutions in patients with pVADs are needed.