bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human coronary microvascular contractile dysfunction associates with viable synthetic smooth muscle cells
Authors: Dora Kim A , Borysova Lyudmyla , Ye Xi , Powell Chloe , Beleznai Timea Z , Stanley Christopher P , Bruno Vito D , Starborg Tobias , Johnson Errin , Pielach Anna , Taggart Michael , Smart Nicola , Ascione Raimondo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Aims
Coronary microvascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) respond to luminal pressure by developing myogenic tone (MT), a process integral to the regulation of microvascular perfusion. The cellular mechanisms underlying poor myogenic reactivity in patients with heart valve disease are unknown and form the focus of this study.

Methods and results
Intramyocardial coronary micro-arteries (IMCAs) isolated from human and pig right atrial (RA) appendage and left ventricular (LV) biopsies were studied using pressure myography combined with confocal microscopy. All RA- and LV-IMCAs from organ donors and pigs developed circa 25% MT. In contrast, 44% of human RA-IMCAs from 88 patients with heart valve disease had poor (&lt;10%) MT yet retained cell viability and an ability to raise cytoplasmic Ca2+ in response to vasoconstrictor agents. Comparing across human heart chambers and species, we found that based on patient medical history and six tests, the strongest predictor of poor MT in IMCAs was increased expression of the synthetic marker caldesmon relative to the contractile marker SM-myosin heavy chain. In addition, high resolution imaging revealed a distinct layer of longitudinally aligned SMCs between ECs and radial SMCs, and we show poor MT was associated with disruptions in these cellular alignments.

Conclusion
These data demonstrate the first use of atrial and ventricular biopsies from patients and pigs to reveal that impaired coronary MT reflects a switch of viable SMCs towards a synthetic phenotype, rather than a loss of SMC viability. These arteries represent a model for further studies of coronary microvascular contractile dysfunction.
The Evolution of the Cytochrome c6 Family of Photosynthetic Electron Transfer Proteins
Authors: Slater Barnaby , Kosmützky Darius , Nisbet R Ellen R , Howe Christopher J 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
During photosynthesis, electrons are transferred between the cytochrome b6f complex and photosystem I. This is carried out by the protein plastocyanin in plant chloroplasts, or by either plastocyanin or cytochrome c6 in many cyanobacteria and eukaryotic algal species. There are three further cytochrome c6 homologs: cytochrome c6A in plants and green algae, and cytochromes c6B and c6C in cyanobacteria. The function of these proteins is unknown. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of the evolutionary relationship between the members of the cytochrome c6 family in photosynthetic organisms. Our phylogenetic analyses show that cytochromes c6B and c6C are likely to be orthologs that arose from a duplication of cytochrome c6, but that there is no evidence for separate origins for cytochromes c6B and c6C. We therefore propose renaming cytochrome c6C as cytochrome c6B. We show that cytochrome c6A is likely to have arisen from cytochrome c6B rather than by an independent duplication of cytochrome c6, and present evidence for an independent origin of a protein with some of the features of cytochrome c6A in peridinin dinoflagellates. We conclude with a new comprehensive model of the evolution of the cytochrome c6 family which is an integral part of understanding the function of the enigmatic cytochrome c6 homologs.
The morphology, evolution and seismic visibility of partial melt at the core–mantle boundary: implications for ULVZs
Authors: Dannberg Juliane , Myhill Robert , Gassmöller René , Cottaar Sanne 
Published: June 2021

SUMMARY
Seismic observations indicate that the lowermost mantle above the core–mantle boundary (CMB) is strongly heterogeneous. Body waves reveal a variety of ultra-low velocity zones (ULVZs), which extend not more than 100 km above the CMB and have shear velocity reductions of up to 30 per cent. While the nature and origin of these ULVZs remain uncertain, some have suggested they are evidence of partial melting at the base of mantle plumes. Here we use coupled geodynamic/thermodynamic modelling to explore the hypothesis that present-day deep mantle melting creates ULVZs and introduces compositional heterogeneity in the mantle. Our models explore the generation and migration of melt in a deforming and compacting host rock at the base of a plume in the lowermost mantle. We test whether the balance of gravitational and viscous forces can generate partially molten zones that are consistent with the seismic observations. We find that for a wide range of plausible melt densities, permeabilities and viscosities, lower mantle melt is too dense to be stirred into convective flow and instead sinks down to form a completely molten layer, which is inconsistent with observations of ULVZs. Only if melt is less dense or at most ca. 1 per cent more dense than the solid, or if melt pockets are trapped within the solid, can melt remain suspended in the partial melt zone. In these cases, seismic velocities would be reduced in a cone at the base of the plume. Generally, we find partial melt alone does not explain the observed ULVZ morphologies and solid-state compositional variation is required to explain the anomalies. Our findings provide a framework for testing whether seismically observed ULVZ shapes are consistent with a partial melt origin, which is an important step towards constraining the nature of the heterogeneities in the lowermost mantle and their influence on the thermal, compositional and dynamic evolution of the Earth.
Property Loss and Cultural Heritage Restoration in the Aftermath of Genocide: Understanding Harm and Conceptualising Repair
Authors: Hickey Robin , Killean Rachel 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article seeks to contribute a ‘thicker’ understanding of the harm caused by the destruction of cultural heritage and the means through which that harm can be redressed. It analyses attacks on property of local significance to the Cham, an Islamic group subjected to religious persecution and genocide during the Khmer Rouge regime in Cambodia. Using Bernadette Atuahene’s property-loss concepts of ‘dignity takings’ and ‘dignity restoration,’ the article links the loss of property associated with the group’s cultural heritage to experiences of dehumanization, infantilization and community destruction. The article explores how responses to the Cham’s loss of cultural heritage have been iterative, at times unintentional and ultimately unsuccessful in redressing the full impacts of the loss. It stresses the importance of moving beyond a focus on specific restitution to develop a spectrum of interventions which reaffirm victims’ humanity, reinforce their agency and allow them to reconnect meaningfully with their heritage.
Optimal designs of clinical studies in the context of their inclusion in systematic reviews
Authors: Brown Erwin M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this article I focus on the designs of clinical studies that have a high likelihood of producing reliable findings and those that do not, but that are still being published in large numbers in scientific journals. The former category includes randomized trials, controlled before-after studies and interrupted time series, while the latter category comprises non-randomized trials, uncontrolled before-after studies, case-control/cohort studies and other observational studies. This distinction is important, particularly when studies of inferior design are used in systematic reviews that inform clinical practice guidelines, thereby potentially exerting adverse effects on clinical practice. I also highlight the implications of failing to enrol adequate numbers of patients in clinical trials.
Automatic gender detection in Twitter profiles for health-related cohort studies
Authors: Yang Yuan-Chi , Al-Garadi Mohammed Ali , Love Jennifer S , Perrone Jeanmarie , Sarker Abeed 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objective
Biomedical research involving social media data is gradually moving from population-level to targeted, cohort-level data analysis. Though crucial for biomedical studies, social media user’s demographic information (eg, gender) is often not explicitly known from profiles. Here, we present an automatic gender classification system for social media and we illustrate how gender information can be incorporated into a social media-based health-related study.

Materials and Methods
We used a large Twitter dataset composed of public, gender-labeled users (Dataset-1) for training and evaluating the gender detection pipeline. We experimented with machine learning algorithms including support vector machines (SVMs) and deep-learning models, and public packages including M3. We considered users’ information including profile and tweets for classification. We also developed a meta-classifier ensemble that strategically uses the predicted scores from the classifiers. We then applied the best-performing pipeline to Twitter users who have self-reported nonmedical use of prescription medications (Dataset-2) to assess the system’s utility.

Results and Discussion
We collected 67 181 and 176 683 users for Dataset-1 and Dataset-2, respectively. A meta-classifier involving SVM and M3 performed the best (Dataset-1 accuracy: 94.4% [95% confidence interval: 94.0–94.8%]; Dataset-2: 94.4% [95% confidence interval: 92.0–96.6%]). Including automatically classified information in the analyses of Dataset-2 revealed gender-specific trends—proportions of females closely resemble data from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health 2018 (tranquilizers: 0.50 vs 0.50; stimulants: 0.50 vs 0.45), and the overdose Emergency Room Visit due to Opioids by Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (pain relievers: 0.38 vs 0.37).

Conclusion
Our publicly available, automated gender detection pipeline may aid cohort-specific social media data analyses (https://bitbucket.org/sarkerlab/gender-detection-for-public).
One Money, Many Markets
Authors: Corsetti Giancarlo , Duarte Joao B , Mann Samuel 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We study heterogeneity in the transmission of monetary shocks across euro-area (EA) countries using a dynamic factor model and high-frequency identification. Deploying a novel methodology to asses the degree of heterogeneity, we find it to be low in financial variables and output but significant in consumption, consumer prices, and variables related to local housing and labour markets. We show that a large proportion of the variation in the responses to monetary shocks can be accounted for by differences in some characteristics of these markets across EA member countries: the share of adjustable mortgage contracts, homeownership rates, shares of hand-to-mouth and wealthy hand-to-mouth consumers, as well as wage rigidity.
Logics of Ignorance and Being Wrong
Authors: Gilbert David , Kubyshkina Ekaterina , Petrolo Mattia , Venturi Giorgio 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article investigates the connections between the logics of being wrong, introduced in Steinsvold (2011, Notre Dame J. Form. Log., 52, 245–253), and factive ignorance, presented in Kubyshkina and Petrolo (2021, Synthese, 198, 5917–5928). The first part of the paper provides a sound and complete axiomatization of the logic of factive ignorance that corrects errors in Kubyshkina and Petrolo (2021, Synthese, 198, 5917–5928) and resolves questions about the expressivity of the language. In the second half, it is shown that the relationship between the two logics suggests an alternative axiomatization for the logic of factive ignorance, the adequacy of which is easily proved via straightforward translations.
Jejunogastric intussusception: a case report of rare complication of gastrojejunostomy
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Narjes , Ashouri Mohammad , Sahraian Sepehr , Taslimi Reza 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Jejunogastric intussusception (JGI) is a rare complication of gastrojejunostomy surgery (&lt;0.1% of cases), yet requires an urgent diagnosis. Mortality rate ranging from 10% to 50% based on delay in diagnosis and surgical intervention. Vomiting, abdominal pain and hematemesis are the most common symptoms. We report a 60 years old man admitted to the emergency department, complaining of epigastric pain and recurrent hematemesis for 3 days. Emergent upper GI endoscopy was done, and gastroenterologist reported a protruded edematous jejunal mucosa with bleeding, which formed a mass-like lesion. Abdominopelvic computed tomography scan also showed a target sign in favor of jejunal intussusception. Midline laparotomy and reduction of jejunal loop was performed and the patient was discharged without any further complications. In patients presented with hematemesis and abdominal pain and history of gastrectomy, JGI must considered as a possible cause because early diagnosis and treatment are necessary to prevent further complications.
Internal jugular vein duplication: clinical significance for head and neck cancer ablative and reconstructive surgery
Authors: Hedayat Fatemeh , Lauder Joshua J , Kyzas Panayiotis , Vassiliou Leandros V 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We present the case of a 75-year-old patient with a T2N0Mo oral cancer, who underwent surgery for cancer ablation and reconstruction. Intraoperatively, a duplicate internal jugular vein (IJV) was identified. Both segments were preserved. The veins of the free radial forearm flap that was used to reconstruct the defect were anastomosed to tributaries of the anterior IJV segment. In this rare anatomical variation, the anterior segment of IJV lies medially/anteriorly to the sternocleidomastoid muscle which poses a risk of inadvertent injury during the early steps of the neck dissection (ND). The posterior segment is at risk of injury during developing levels II–III–IV of ND. It is important to preserve the anterior IJV segment as this receives all tributaries that can be used for end-to-end anastomosis for the free flap. Preoperative contrast computed tomography scan can aid in recognition of IJV duplication and help prepare the surgeon to adjust certain operative steps.
Self-destruction
Authors: d'Aspremont Jean 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This chapter claims that international legal thought and practice are replete with self-destructive claims about customary international law. It discusses the discursive performance that mirrors a very common feature of modern thinking and commonly nurtured rejuvenation through self-defeat, highlighting international legal thought and practice that contain plenty of manifestations of discursive self destruction. It also mentions the discursive performance found in the discourse on customary international law. The chapter reviews the multiple materializations of the self-destructive moves in the discourse on customary international law. It shows that a discursive performance constitutes a mode of administering the doctrine of customary international law and that the repeated findings of malfunctioning of customary international law carry elaborate and fine representations.
The Residual Receptacle
Authors: d'Aspremont Jean 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This chapter explores customary international law that is constantly approached as the residual receptacle for international legal obligations that cannot be grounded in treaty law. It highlights the discursive performance that presupposes a sort of fetishization of the treaty as the first go-to source of international law as well as the idea that customary international law is second-best. It also cites the discursive performance that led some observers to claim that customary international law has become the generic category for practically all binding non-treaty standards. The chapter draws on international human rights law and international criminal law and highlights the discursive performance that is witnessed by customary international law. It formulates some observations on the consequences for general principles of law of the common understanding of customary international law as a residual receptacle for non-treaty international legal obligations.
Highly r-process enhanced stars in ultra-faint dwarf galaxies
Authors: Jeon Myoungwon , Besla Gurtina , Bromm Volker 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Highly r-process enhanced metal-poor stars (MP r-II; $\rm [Eu/Fe]\gt 1$ and $\rm [Fe/H]\lesssim -1.5$) have been observed in ultra-faint dwarf (UFD) galaxy, specifically in Reticulum II (Ret II). The fact that only a few UFDs contain such stars implies that the r-process site may reflect very rare but individually prolific events, such as neutron star mergers (NSMs). Considering the relatively short star formation history of UFDs, it is puzzling how they could experience such a rare phenomenon. In this work, we show the results of cosmological hydrodynamic zoom-in simulations of isolated UFDs ($M_{\rm vir}\approx 10^7\!-\!10^8{\, {\rm M}_\odot }$ and $M_{\ast }\approx 10^3\!-\!10^4{\, {\rm M}_\odot }$ at z = 0) to explain the formation of MP r-II stars in UFDs. We employ a simple toy model for NSM events, adopting parameters consistent with observations, such as the NSM rate (1 per $M_{\ast }\approx 10^5{\, {\rm M}_\odot }$) and europium (Eu) mass ($M_{\rm Eu}\approx 10^{-5}{\, {\rm M}_\odot }$). We identify only one simulated galaxy ($\rm M_{vir}\approx 4.6\times 10^7{\, {\rm M}_\odot }$, $M_{\ast }\approx 3.4\times 10^3{\, {\rm M}_\odot }$ at z = 0) with abundances similar to Ret II in a simulation volume that hosts ∼30 UFD analogues, indicating that such abundances are possible but rare. By exploring a range of key parameters, we demonstrate that the most important factor in determining the formation of MP r-II stars in UFDs is how quickly subsequent stars can be formed out of r-process enriched gas. We find that it takes between 10 and 100 Myr to form the first and second bursts of MP r-II stars. Over this period, Eu-polluted gas maintains the required high abundance ratios of $\rm [Eu/Fe]\gt 1$.
High-energy neutrino production in clusters of galaxies
Authors: Hussain Saqib , Alves Batista Rafael , de Gouveia Dal Pino Elisabete M , Dolag Klaus 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Clusters of galaxies can potentially produce cosmic rays (CRs) up to very high energies via large-scale shocks and turbulent acceleration. Due to their unique magnetic-field configuration, CRs with energy ≤1017 eV can be trapped within these structures over cosmological time-scales, and generate secondary particles, including neutrinos and gamma rays, through interactions with the background gas and photons. In this work, we compute the contribution from clusters of galaxies to the diffuse neutrino background. We employ 3D cosmological magnetohydrodynamical simulations of structure formation to model the turbulent intergalactic medium. We use the distribution of clusters within this cosmological volume to extract the properties of this population, including mass, magnetic field, temperature, and density. We propagate CRs in this environment using multidimensional Monte Carlo simulations across different redshifts (from z ∼ 5 to z = 0), considering all relevant photohadronic, photonuclear, and hadronuclear interaction processes. We find that, for CRs injected with a spectral index α = 1.5–2.7 and cutoff energy Emax = 1016–5 × 1017 eV, clusters contribute to a sizeable fraction to the diffuse flux observed by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, but most of the contribution comes from clusters with M ≳ 1014 M⊙ and redshift z ≲ 0.3. If we include the cosmological evolution of the CR sources, this flux can be even higher.
Nut consumption, body weight, and adiposity in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Fernández-Rodríguez Rubén , Martínez-Vizcaíno Vicente , Garrido-Miguel Miriam , Martínez-Ortega Isabel A , Álvarez-Bueno Celia , Eumann Mesas Arthur 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Context
It seems that nut consumption does not lead to weight gain in the general population. However, fewer studies have explored this relationship in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Purpose
To synthesize evidence on the effects of nut (specifically, tree nuts and peanuts) consumption on adiposity-related measures in individuals diagnosed with T2D.

Data Sources and Study Selection
Four databases were searched up to December 31, 2020. Randomized controlled trials that examined the effects of nut consumption vs a control diet on body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, and percent body fat were included.

Data Extraction
The pooled effect sizes (p-ESs) and 95%CIs of nut consumption were estimated using random effects models.

Data Synthesis
A total of 15 randomized controlled trials including 899 individuals were included. No significant effects of nut-enriched interventions were found for body weight (p-ES = −0.04; 95%CI: −0.16 to 0.08), body mass index (p-ES = −0.05; 95%CI: −0.17 to 0.08), waist circumference (p-ES = −0.02; 95%CI: −0.20 to 0.15), or percent body fat (p-ES = −0.03; 95%CI: −0.28 to 0.21).

Conclusion
Nut consumption has no effect, positive or negative, on weight or adiposity parameters in people with T2D.
The Relationship Between Neighborhood Deprivation and Perceived Changes for Pain-Related Experiences Among US Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Rassu Fenan S , McFadden Molly , Aaron Rachel V , Wegener Stephen T , Ephraim Patti L , Lane Elizabeth , Brennan Gerard , Minick Kate I , Fritz Julie M , Skolasky Richard L 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objective
Disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic could disproportionately affect the health of vulnerable populations, including patients experiencing persistent health conditions (i.e., chronic pain), along with populations living within deprived, lower socioeconomic areas. The current cross-sectional study characterized relationships between neighborhood deprivation and perceived changes in pain-related experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic (early-September to mid-October 2020) for adult patients (N = 97) with nonspecific chronic low back pain.

Methods
We collected self-report perceived experiences from participants enrolled in an ongoing pragmatic randomized trial across medical centers within the Salt Lake City, Utah and Baltimore, Maryland metropolitans. The Area Deprivation Index (composite of 17 US Census deprivation metrics) reflected neighborhood deprivation based on participants’ zip codes.

Results
Although those living in the neighborhoods with greater deprivation endorsed significantly poorer physical (pain severity, pain interference, physical functioning), mental (depression, anxiety), and social health during the pandemic, there were no significant differences for perceived changes in pain-related experiences (pain severity, pain interference, sleep quality) between levels of neighborhood deprivation since the onset of the pandemic. However, those in neighborhoods with greater deprivation endorsed disproportionately worse perceived changes in pain coping, social support, and mood since the pandemic.

Conclusions
The current findings offer evidence that changes in pain coping during the pandemic may be disproportionately worse for those living in deprived areas. Considering poorer pain coping may contribute to long-term consequences, the current findings suggest the need for further attention and intervention to reduce the negative effect of the pandemic for such vulnerable populations.