bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community RNA-Seq: multi-kingdom responses to living versus decaying roots in soil
Authors: Nuccio Erin E , Nguyen Nhu H , Nunes da Rocha Ulisses , Mayali Xavier , Bougoure Jeremy , Weber Peter K , Brodie Eoin , Firestone Mary , Pett-Ridge Jennifer 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRoots are a primary source of organic carbon input in most soils. The consumption of living and detrital root inputs involves multi-trophic processes and multiple kingdoms of microbial life, but typical microbial ecology studies focus on only one or two major lineages. We used Illumina shotgun RNA sequencing to conduct PCR-independent SSU rRNA community analysis (“community RNA-Seq”) and simultaneously assess the bacteria, archaea, fungi, and microfauna surrounding both living and decomposing roots of the annual grass, Avena fatua. Plants were grown in 13CO2-labeled microcosms amended with 15N-root litter to identify the preferences of rhizosphere organisms for root exudates (13C) versus decaying root biomass (15N) using NanoSIMS microarray imaging (Chip-SIP). When litter was available, rhizosphere and bulk soil had significantly more Amoebozoa, which are potentially important yet often overlooked top-down drivers of detritusphere community dynamics and nutrient cycling. Bulk soil containing litter was depleted in Actinobacteria but had significantly more Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. While Actinobacteria were abundant in the rhizosphere, Chip-SIP showed Actinobacteria preferentially incorporated litter relative to root exudates, indicating this group’s more prominent role in detritus elemental cycling in the rhizosphere. Our results emphasize that decomposition is a multi-trophic process involving complex interactions, and our methodology can be used to track the trajectory of carbon through multi-kingdom soil food webs.
Pulsed heating atomic layer deposition (PH-ALD) for epitaxial growth of zinc oxide thin films on c-plane sapphire
Authors: Piercy Brandon D. , Wooding Jamie P. , Gregory Shawn A. , Losego Mark D. 
Published: December 2021

High-temperature heat pulses interleaved with ALD cycling enables the growth of heteroepitaxial ZnO on c-plane sapphire substrates. This “pulsed-heating” ALD separates the chemistry delivery process from the material’s structural crystallization.
Investigation on the catalytic behavior of a novel thulium-organic framework with a planar tetranuclear {Tm4} cluster as the active center for chemical CO2 fixation
Authors: Chen Hongtai , Zhang Zhengguo , Lv Hongxiao , Liu Shurong , Zhang Xiutang 
Published: December 2021

The exquisite combination of coplanar {Tm4} clusters and structure-oriented functional BDCP5− leads to a highly robust nanoporous Tm-MOF (NUC-37) with high catalytic performance on the chemical fixation of CO2.
Salt loading decreases urinary excretion and increases intracellular accumulation of uromodulin in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Mary Sheon , Boder Philipp , Rossitto Giacomo , Graham Lesley , Scott Kayley , Flynn Arun , Kipgen David , Graham Delyth , Delles Christian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Uromodulin (UMOD) is the most abundant renal protein secreted into urine by the thick ascending limb (TAL) epithelial cells of the loop of Henle. Genetic studies have demonstrated an association between UMOD risk variants and hypertension. We aimed to dissect the role of dietary salt in renal UMOD excretion in normotension and chronic hypertension. Normotensive Wistar–Kyoto rats (WKY) and stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) (n=8/sex/strain) were maintained on 1% NaCl for 3 weeks. A subset of salt-loaded SHRSP was treated with nifedipine. Salt-loading in SHRSP increased blood pressure (ΔSBP 35 ± 5 mmHg, P&lt;0.0001) and kidney injury markers such as kidney injury marker-1 (KIM-1; fold change, FC 3.4; P=0.003), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL; FC, 2.0; P=0.012) and proteinuria. After salt-loading there was a reduction in urinary UMOD excretion in WKY and SHRSP by 26 and 55% respectively, compared with baseline. Nifedipine treatment reduced blood pressure (BP) in SHRSP, however, did not prevent salt-induced reduction in urinary UMOD excretion. In all experiments, changes in urinary UMOD excretion were dissociated from kidney UMOD protein and mRNA levels. Colocalization and ex-vivo studies showed that salt-loading increased intracellular UMOD retention in both WKY and SHRSP. Our study provides novel insights into the interplay among salt, UMOD, and BP. The role of UMOD as a cardiovascular risk marker deserves mechanistic reappraisal and further investigations based on our findings.
Professors' Perceptions and Evaluations of Students Who Do and Do Not Stutter Following Oral Presentations
Authors: Werle Danielle , Byrd Courtney T. 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptual ratings and performance evaluations of students who do and do not stutter by professors who require oral presentations. Additionally, this study sought to investigate the influence of behaviors related to communication competence on perceptual and evaluative ratings.Method:One hundred fifty-eight college instructors who require oral presentations in their classes participated in this study. Participants viewed one video of four possible randomized conditions: (a) presence of stuttering + low communication competence, (b) absence of stuttering + low communication competence, (c) presence of stuttering + high communication competence, and (d) absence of stuttering + high communication competence. Participants evaluated student performance against a standardized rubric and rated the student along 16 personality traits.Results:Results of separate 2 × 2 analyses of variance revealed professors' view and evaluate students presenting with high communication competence more positively overall, regardless as to whether stuttering is present or not. Significant interactions between fluency (i.e., presence vs. absence of stuttering) and communication competence (i.e., high vs. low) were found for negative personality traits, as well as delivery evaluation scores. The video for which the student stuttered and presented with low communication competence was rated more positively than the video for which the student did not stutter and presented with low communication competence.Conclusions:Professors perceive and evaluate students who stutter differently from their nonstuttering peers, and those ratings are moderated by levels of communication competence. High-communication-competence behaviors improved perceptual and evaluation scores; however, in the presence of low-communication-competence behaviors, professors overcorrect in the form of positive feedback bias, which may have negative long-term academic consequences.
Consensus‐based decentralized energy trading for distributed energy resources
Authors: Wang Zhenyu , Zhang Xiaoyu , Wang Hao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn smart grids, distributed energy resources (DERs) have penetrated residential zones to provide a new form of electricity supply, mainly from renewable energy. Residential households and commercial buildings with DERs have become prosumers in local grids because they can sell surplus power to others. Research has been initiated to integrate and utilize DERs through better control and communication strategies. With the advances in the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, unprecedented coordination among DERs can be achieved to facilitate energy trading and transactive energy management. However, preventing leakage of user information during the optimization process remains a challenge for researchers, which drives them to develop privacy‐preserving energy management systems. In this study, a fully decentralized transactive energy management method using a consensus‐based algorithm is developed. Specifically, a virtual pool is designed for prosumers to trade energy and exchange information with the support of IoT technologies. The consensus‐based algorithm enables prosumers to obtain an optimal energy schedule independently in a coordinated manner without revealing any personal data. Practical data was used to perform simulations and validate the proposed algorithm. The results showed that the authors' consensus‐based decentralized transactive energy management strategy is feasible and can significantly reduce the overall system cost.
Pneumomediastinum bei schwerer COVID-19-Erkrankung: eine Fallserie von acht Patienten
Authors: Reindl Sebastian , Al-Wheibi Saja , Umlauf Julian , Girdauskas Evaldas , Raab Stephan 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDie häufigste Ursache für ein Pneumomediastinum sind Traumata. Im Rahmen von COVID-19-Pneumonien wird dieses Krankheitsbild jedoch häufiger bei Patienten ohne zugrunde liegende exogene Verletzung gefunden. Pathophysiologisch wird hier eine Ursache analog zum Macklin-Effekt vermutet, bei dem Einrisse auf Alveolarebene zu Emphysemen entlang des Tracheobronchialbaums mit Betonung im Mediastinum führen. Wir stellen hier eine Fallserie von 8 Patienten vor, die auf unserer Intensivstation behandelt wurden. Bei allen Patienten konnte das Mediastinalemphysem bereits im Röntgenbild des Thorax gesehen werden. Fünf Patienten erhielten zusätzlich eine Computertomografie des Thorax. Sechs Patienten waren invasiv beatmet. Alle Patienten erhielten Kortikosteroide, Antikoagulation und Antibiose. Nur bei Patienten mit einem zusätzlichen Pneumothorax (n = 5) wurde eine Pleuradrainage angelegt. Eine Bronchoskopie wurde nur durchgeführt, falls im Zusammenhang mit dem Auftreten des
Pneumomediastinums der Verdacht auf eine iatrogene Verletzung des Tracheobronchialbaums bestand (n = 2). Drei Patienten verstarben im Verlauf der Intensivbehandlung im Rahmen der COVID-19-Erkrankung. Ein prognostischer Zusammenhang zwischen dem Auftreten eines Pneumomediastinums und einem fatalen Krankheitsverlauf wird diskutiert.
Chirurgische Lehre in Zeiten von COVID-19: Aus notwendigen Kompromissen werden Chancen für die Zukunft
Authors: Hanke Laura Isabel , Wachter Nicolas , Boedecker Christian , Penzkofer Lea , Koch Martina , Dietz Sven-Oliver , König Tatjana Tamara , Heinemann Markus K. , Neulen Axel , Kurz Sandra , Lang Hauke , Huber Tobias 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Chirurgische Lehre im Rahmen des klinischen Studienabschnitts beruht sowohl auf der Wissensvermittlung von Krankheitsbildern und deren Behandlung als auch auf der Weitergabe von psychomotorischen Fähigkeiten wie z. B. dem chirurgischen Nähen. Im gesamten klinischen Studienabschnitt werden kommunikative Fertigkeiten und der professionelle Umgang mit Patienten geschult. Die Kontaktbeschränkungen im Rahmen der COVID-19-Pandemie stellten seit dem Sommersemester (SoSe) 2020 die chirurgische Lehre vor neue, kurzfristig umzusetzende Herausforderungen. Hierzu gehörten die zügige Implementierung digitaler Lerninhalte sowie die Ausarbeitung neuer Hygienekonzepte für Lehre und Prüfungssituationen.
Material und Methoden Die Maßnahmen zur Umstrukturierung der chirurgischen Lehre sowie deren Evaluation durch die Studierenden an der Universitätsmedizin Mainz im SoSe 2020 sowie im Wintersemester (WiSe) 2020/2021 wurden systematisch aufgearbeitet. Die Evaluationsergebnisse wurden mit denen des Sommersemesters 2019 verglichen. Des Weiteren wurde am Ende der jeweiligen Semester eine Onlinebefragung unter den chirurgischen Lehrbeauftragten der Deutschen Medizinstudiengänge (n = 39) durchgeführt, um Erfahrungen und Herangehensweisen an die veränderte Situation zu vergleichen.
Ergebnisse Die chirurgische Lehre fand an allen teilnehmenden Universitäten statt. Insgesamt wurde die digitale Lehre von Studierenden und Lehrenden gut angenommen. Auch auf kurzfristige Änderungen der Kontaktbeschränkungen wurde durch die operativen Fächer reagiert. Sowohl Studierende als auch Lehrende vermissen den Präsenzunterricht (SoSe 2020 36%, WiSe 20/21 40%). Die neuen Lehrmethoden wurden positiv aufgenommen (SoSe 2020 45%, WiSe 20/21 40%) und der Wunsch, diese fest zu implementieren, wurde deutlich (WiSe 20/21 60%). Insbesondere die asynchron abrufbaren Lehreinheiten erfreuten sich innerhalb und außerhalb des Semesters großer Beliebtheit.
Schlussfolgerung Präsenzunterricht ist für die Vermittlung psychomotorischer Lernziele und die Schulung von Kommunikationsfähigkeiten unerlässlich. Die Möglichkeit, digitale Lehre und Blended-Learning-Konzepte in der Zukunft zu implementieren, erscheint auch für operative Fächer vielversprechend, um die Präsenzzeit effektiver zu gestalten.
Balanced-Scorecard (BSC) als Instrument der Unterstützung einer Leitlinienimplementierung
Authors: George Wolfgang M. , Haberland Michael , Ascensi Mandy , Griewing Bernd , Dapper Jens , Walter Dominik 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Implementierung von versorgungsbezogenen Leitlinien kann aussichtsversprechend nur in Form eines Multiprojektmanagements betrieben werden. Solch ein Projekt, Avenue-Pal, mit dem Ziel, die Versorgungssituation Sterbender durch Reduktion nicht notwendiger Verlegungen zu verbessern, wird in dessen Methode und Durchführung in 2 Modelleinrichtungen beschrieben. Deutlich wird, dass zentrale Risiken, die zu Verlegungen führen, nur durch organisatorische Anpassungen überwunden werden können. Damit wird die Umsetzung einer Leitlinie immer auch zu einer Managementaufgabe. Die Methode der Balanced Scorecard (BSC) wird einführend vorgestellt und auf den konkreten Handlungsfall übertragen. Es werden unterschiedliche Struktur-, Prozess und Ergebnisindikatoren für die 4 BSC-Dimensionen, sowohl der Pflegeeinrichtung als auch des Krankenhauses, berichtet. Kennzahlen, die geeignet sind, das „visionäre Ziel“ mit Hilfe der BSC zu operationalisieren und steuerbar zu machen. Auch wenn die BSC für das Projekt Avenue-Pal entwickelt wurde, zeigte sich, dass die Anwendung des Verfahrens grundsätzlich als hilfreiches Instrument des Managements zu bewerten ist, wenn transsektorale Versorgungsleitlinien umgesetzt werden.
T-Scan Novus System in the Management of Splints—Pilot Study
Authors: Bozhkova Tanya , Shopova Dobromira 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this pilot study was to demonstrate the capabilities of the T-Scan Novus system in bruxism treatment by splints. Bruxism patients underwent treatment with a splint made by additive manufacturing. Intraoral scanning was performed using Trios Color (3Shape), and digital design was performed using 3Shape Dental system design - splint studio. The biocompatible material Dental LT Clear Resin was printed using a Formlabs Form 2 printer. The T-Scan Novus system with a software attached to it, version 9.1, was used for digital examination of the occlusion. A splint with an occlusal thickness of 2.5 mm was developed and software adapted with relief to antagonists. The digitally set occlusion with even contacts turned out to be clinically unbalanced. After adjusting with T-Scan Novus, a balanced occlusion was achieved in the right and left halves. The treatment of bruxism with splint therapy continues to be the main method. Its combination with digital technologies allows more precise constructions and more accurate balancing of occlusal relationships.
Aortic Thrombus Embolization in A Patient with Tuberous Sclerosis
Authors: Wolf Steven , Rhoads Andrew , Gomes William , Overby Philip , McGoldrick Patricia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder affecting many organ systems. Patients commonly develop a variety of benign tumors as well as neurological disease, including seizures, autism, and cognitive delay. We report here the case of an adolescent patient with TSC and a history of mild COVID-19 who presented with a 1-day history of altered mental status. The patient was found to have ischemic cerebral infarction of the right MCA and ACA territories. Initial angiography showed an occlusion of the right internal carotid artery without a demonstrable etiology, with follow-up echocardiography and angiography revealing a large aortic thrombus. The patient was not a candidate for thrombus removal due to her cerebral infarct and received medical anticoagulation. Thrombosis progressed to involve the left ICA, with left cerebral infarction and subsequent death. Aortic thrombus embolization as a cause of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is a novel finding in the setting of TSC and should be considered for pediatric patients with CVA of unknown etiology. It is unclear whether this was related to the prior COVID-19 infection.
Phenotype from SAMD9 Mutation at 7p21.2 Appears Attenuated by Novel Compound Heterozygous Variants at RUNX2 and SALL1
Authors: Sills E. Scott , Wood Samuel H. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSterile α motif domain-containing protein 9 (SAMD9) is a regulatory protein centrally involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis. Mapped to 7p21.2, variants in SAMD9 have been reported in <50 pediatric cases worldwide, typically with early lethality. Germline gain-of-function SAMD9 variants are associated with MIRAGE syndrome (myelodysplasia, infection, restricted growth, adrenal hypoplasia, genital anomalies, and enteropathy). Spalt like transcription factor 1 (SALL1) is a zinc finger transcriptional repressor located at 16q12.1 where only two transcript variants in SALL1 are known. RUNX2 (6p21.1) encodes a nuclear protein with a Runt DNA-binding domain critical for osteoblastic differentiation, skeletal morphogenesis, and serves as a scaffold for nucleic acids and regulatory factors involved in skeletal gene expression. RUNX2 and SALL1 are thus both “master regulators” of tissue organization and embryo development. Here, we describe exome sequencing and copy number variants in two previously unknown mutations—R824Q in SAMD9, and Q253H in SALL1. A multiexon 3′ terminal duplication of RUNX2 not previously encountered is also reported. This is the first known phenotype assessment for an intersection of all three variants in a healthy 46,XX adult. Focusing on developmental progress, ultrastructural renal anatomy, and selected reproductive aspects, we describe this unique genotype diagnosed incidentally during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) illness. Individually, disruption in SAMD9, RUNX2, or SALL1 would be expected to give a bleak prognosis. However, this variant convergence appears to dampen severe pathology perhaps by cross-gene silencing of effects normally deleterious when such changes occur alone.
Facing the pandemic with trust in science
Authors: Sulik Justin , Deroy Ophelia , Dezecache Guillaume , Newson Martha , Zhao Yi , El Zein Marwa , Tunçgenç Bahar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHow essential is trust in science to prevent the spread of COVID-19? People who trust in science are reportedly more likely to comply with official guidelines, implying that higher levels of adherence could be achieved by improving trust in science. However, analysis of a global dataset (n = 4341) suggests otherwise. Trust in science had a small, indirect effect on adherence to the rules. Nonetheless, it predicted people’s approval of prevention measures such as social distancing, and bridged political ideology and approval of the measures (conservatives trusted science less and in turn approved of the measures less). These effects were stronger in the USA than in other countries. Even though any increase in trust in science is unlikely to yield strong behavioural changes, given its relationships with both ideology and individuals’ attitudes to the measures, trust in science may be leveraged to yield longer-term sustainable social benefits.
Government disclosure in influencing people’s behaviors during a public health emergency
Authors: Huang Li , Li Oliver Zhen , Yi Yang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe shed light on the importance of government disclosure in public emergency management. During the outbreak of COVID-19, provinces in China entered a government disclosure regime, which mandated the disclosure of the number of people infected with the virus on a daily basis. Each province also voluntarily disclosed its own virus situation. We find that various forms of province-level government disclosure generally reduced the number of trips made by the infected and sped up their diagnosis. They also raised attention paid to the virus and self-protection awareness as well as reduced mobility among the susceptible. Finally, government voluntary disclosure helped to reduce the duration of local epidemics. We conclude that government disclosure can be effective in instilling the correct human behaviors that are conducive to fighting the pandemic.
A growth diagram for chemical beam epitaxy of GaP1−xNx alloys on nominally (001)-oriented GaP-on-Si substrates
Authors: Ben Saddik Karim , García Basilio J. , Fernández-Garrido Sergio 
Published: December 2021

The compound GaP1−xNx is highly attractive to pseudomorphically integrate red-light emitting devices and photovoltaic cells with the standard Si technology because it is lattice matched to Si with a direct bandgap energy of ≈1.96 eV for x = 0.021. Here, we report on the chemical beam epitaxy of GaP1−xNx alloys on nominally (001)-oriented GaP-on-Si substrates. The incorporation of N into GaP1−xNx was systematically investigated as a function of growth temperature and the fluxes of the N and P precursors, 1,1-dimethylhydrazine (DMHy) and tertiarybutylphosphine (TBP), respectively. We found that the N mole fraction exhibits an Arrhenius behavior characterized by an activation energy of (0.79 ± 0.05) eV. With respect to the fluxes, we determined that the N mole fraction is linearly proportional to the flux of DMHy and inversely proportional to the one of TBP. All results are summarized in a universal equation that describes the dependence of x on the growth temperature and the fluxes of the group-V precursors. The results are further illustrated in a growth diagram that visualizes the variation of x as the growth temperature and the flux of DMHy are varied. This diagram also shows how to obtain single-phase and flat GaP1−xNx layers, as certain growth conditions result in chemically phase-separated layers with rough surface morphologies. Finally, our results demonstrate the feasibility of chemical beam epitaxy to obtain single-phase and flat GaP1−xNx layers with x up to about 0.04, a value well above the one required for the lattice-matched integration of GaP1−xNx-based devices on Si.
Investigated coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering in the process of cascaded stimulated Raman scattering in liquid and ice-Ih D2O
Authors: Liu Xiaofeng , Wang Ying , Li Shuang , Fang Wenhui , Gong Nan , Sun Chenglin , Men Zhiwei 
Published: December 2021

Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) of liquid and ice-Ih D2O was investigated using a pulsed Nd:YAG laser with a wavelength of 532 nm. The high-order Stokes peaks and corresponding anti-Stokes SRS [Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy (CARS)] peaks were obtained. Two symmetric and antisymmetric Raman modes of stretching vibrations were observed in liquid D2O, while only a symmetric stretching vibration mode was observed in ice-Ih D2O. Pure Stokes SRS is always collinear with the pump beam along the axial direction. Some ring-like Stokes SRS and CARS shifts, which originate from four-wave mixing processes, can also be observed only in the forward direction along with different angles meeting the phase-matching criteria, respectively. Simultaneously, the temporal behavior of SRS in liquid and ice-Ih D2O was examined, and the temporal waveforms of the pump laser pulse, transmitted pump pulse, and the forward SRS pulse were measured. In both cases, SRS was the dominant contributor to stimulated scattering. However, the efficiency values drastically decreased due to the self-termination behavior of SRS in liquid D2O, which arose from the thermal self-defocusing of both the pump beam and the SRS beam, owing to the Stokes shift-related opto-heating effect. In contrast, for the SRS process in ice-Ih D2O, the thermal self-defocusing influence was negligible, benefitting from a much greater thermal conductivity and a higher conversion efficiency of SRS generation retained under both of the conditions.