bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A perimeter enumeration of column-convex polyominoes
Authors: Feretić Svjetlan 
Published: August 2021

Combinatorics
This work is concerned with the perimeter enumeration of column-convex polyominoes. We consider both the rectangular lattice and the hexagonal lattice. For the rectangular lattice, two formulas for the generating function (gf) already exist and, to all appearances, neither of them admits of a further simplification. We first rederive those two formulas (so as to make the paper self-contained), and then we enrich the rectangular lattice gf with some additional variables. That done, we make a change of variables, which (practically) produces the hexagonal lattice gf. This latter gf was first found by Lin and Wu in 1990. However, our present formula, in addition to having a simpler form, also allows a substantially easier Taylor series expansion. As to the methods, our one is descended from algebraic languages, whereas Lin and Wu used the Temperley methodology.
Bounded-degree graphs have arbitrarily large queue-number
Authors: Wood David R. 
Published: August 2021

Graphs and Algorithms
It is proved that there exist graphs of bounded degree with arbitrarily large queue-number. In particular, for all \Delta ≥ 3 and for all sufﬁciently large n, there is a simple \Delta-regular n-vertex graph with queue-number at least c√\Delta_n^{1/2-1/\Delta} for some absolute constant c.
On the Book Thickness of k-Trees
Authors: Dujmović Vida , Wood David R. 
Published: August 2021

Graphs and Algorithms
Every k-tree has book thickness at most k + 1, and this bound is best possible for all k \textgreater= 3. Vandenbussche et al. [SIAM J. Discrete Math., 2009] proved that every k-tree that has a smooth degree-3 tree decomposition with width k has book thickness at most k. We prove this result is best possible for k \textgreater= 4, by constructing a k-tree with book thickness k + 1 that has a smooth degree-4 tree decomposition with width k. This solves an open problem of Vandenbussche et al.
On quadratic threshold CSPs
Authors: Austrin Per , Benabbas Siavosh , Magen Avner 
Published: August 2021

Discrete Algorithms
A predicate P: {-1, 1}k →{0, 1} can be associated with a constraint satisfaction problem Max CSP(P). P is called ''approximation resistant'' if Max CSP(P) cannot be approximated better than the approximation obtained by choosing a random assignment, and ''approximable'' otherwise. This classification of predicates has proved to be an important and challenging open problem. Motivated by a recent result of Austrin and Mossel (Computational Complexity, 2009), we consider a natural subclass of predicates defined by signs of quadratic polynomials, including the special case of predicates defined by signs of linear forms, and supply algorithms to approximate them as follows. In the quadratic case we prove that every symmetric predicate is approximable. We introduce a new rounding algorithm for the standard semidefinite programming relaxation of Max CSP(P) for any predicate P: {-1, 1}k →{0, 1} and analyze its approximation ratio. Our rounding scheme operates by first manipulating the optimal SDP solution so that all the vectors are nearly perpendicular and then applying a form of hyperplane rounding to obtain an integral solution. The advantage of this method is that we are able to analyze the behaviour of a set of k rounded variables together as opposed to just a pair of rounded variables in most previous methods. In the linear case we prove that a predicate called ''Monarchy'' is approximable. This predicate is not amenable to our algorithm for the quadratic case, nor to other LP/SDP-based approaches we are aware of.
A generic method for the enumeration of various classes of directed polycubes
Authors: Champarnaud Jean-Marc , Dubernard Jean-Philippe , Jeanne Hadrien 
Published: August 2021

Combinatorics
Following the track of polyominoes, in particular the column-by-column construction of Temperley and its interpretation in terms of functional equations due to Bousquet-Mélou, we introduce a generic method for the enumeration of classes of directed polycubes the strata of which satisfy some property P. This method is applied to the enumeration of two new families of polycubes, the s-directed polycubes and the vertically-convex s-directed polycubes, with respect to width and volume. The case of non-directed polycubes is also studied and it is shown that the generic method can be applied in this case too. Finally the general case of d-dimensional polycubes, with d≥4, is investigated, and the generic method is extended in order to handle the enumeration of classes of directed d-polycubes.
Exploring the determinants of delayed diagnosis of breast cancer in the female population of Punjab (Pakistan)
Authors: Farooqi Samina , Kausar Samina , Bibi Kalsoom , Aziz Zunaira , Rehmat Tahira 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Objective: To explore the factors contributing to late diagnosis of breast cancer in female population of Punjab, Pakistan.
Methodology: Descriptive qualitative study with phenomenological approach was used. The study was carried out in University of Health Sciences, Lahore in collaboration with breast cancer clinics/departments of the Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital Lahore and Mayo Hospital Lahore. 15 Females diagnosed more than 4 months after appearance of symptoms of breast cancer were recruited using purposive sampling until saturation of data. Data collected through in depth semi structured face to face interviews was tape-recorded, transcribed and then analysed using thematic analysis framework method.
Results: Personal/psychological factors, Sociocultural and Health care system related factors were identified as main themes emerged from data. Lack of knowledge, religious believes, use of Alternative medicine, socioeconomic status cultural myths and poorly facilitated health care facility were the most influential determinants of delay among breast cancer patients.
Conclusion: Diagnosis delay is very significant health problem in women with breast cancer linked with multiple determinants. However, educating women for recognition of symptoms and reinforcement to pursue for earlier medical consultation will be helpful in reducing breast cancer diagnosis delay in the country.
Key terms: Breast Cancer, Metastasis, Delayed Diagnosis, Prognosis, Advance Stage.
Methods of Using Programmed Means to Organize Practical Training for Improving the Professional Skills of Future Teachers of Fine Arts
Authors: Samadovich Azimov Sanjar 
Published: August 2021

The combination of theoretical and practical knowledge in the professional training of future teachers of fine arts, the importance of theoretical and practical exercises in the subject of Composition. The theoretical basis for improving the professional training of future teachers of fine arts is systematically analyzed in the article.
The didactic possibilities of further increasing the scientific motivation of students through the use of software means in the educational process were studied.
To form the virtual practical training in the teaching of the subject "Composition" in the direction of education 5110800-Fine Arts and Engineering Graphics in higher education, to develop the methodological recommendations for its use, are pedagogically based.
Methodology for developing a programmed, electronic educational-methodical complex on the subject of "Composition" which covers (introduction, normative documents, lectures, practical classes, self-study topics, presentations, animations, programmed control test, keywords and terms, used literature, information about the authors) is recommended.
Thoughts about the actual tasks of the development of the educational system in increasing the efficiency of the acquisition of the subject “Composition” are stated.
INTENSIFICATION OF THE MELANOIDIN FORMATION REACTION IN THE PRODUCTION OF SWEET BOILED CANNED MILK
Authors: Sokolovskaya L. , Soroko O. , Miklukh I. , Bespalova E. 
Published: August 2021

The article gives empirical grounding of reducing the melanoidins formation process duration at high-temperature processing of sweet canned milk due to the use of enzymatic hydrolysis of lactose. In sweet canned milk samples with hydrolyzed lactose there was a more intensive decrease in active acidity and an increase in oxidation-reduction potential and obviously a change in milk color within a short period of time by contrast to milk with not hydrolyzed lactose. Lactose disaccharide splitting to (38±2)% allows to reduce the duration of high-temperature processing average by 40% at
traditionally applied prossing temperature of (105±5) °C, and reduce the sucrose content in the finished product by 3–8%. The use of fructose in order to accelerate the process of cooking whole condensed milk is not rational.
INVESTIGATION OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL ADJUVANT INGREDIENTS INFLUENCE FROM THE PRODUCTION OF FERMENTED MILK DRINKS ON THE GROWTH OF THE LACTOBACILLUS DELBRUECKII SUBSP. LACTIS CULTURES
Authors: Ramanovich N. , Krauchanka N. , Vasylenko S. , Zhabanos N. , Furik N. 
Published: August 2021

We analyzed the change in the active acidity of whole pasteurized milk during its fermentation by the bacteria Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis
at different temperatures. We have studied the effect of technological adjuvant ingredients (sucrose, carob gum) used for the production of fermented milk drinks on the acid-forming activity of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis, when added them in various concentrations to pasteurized whole milk.
INVESTIGATION OF PRODUCTION-VALUABLE AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF LEUCONOSTOCS FROM THE REPUBLICAN COLLECTION OF INDUSTRIAL STRAINS OF STARTER CULTURES AND THEIR BACTERIOPHAGES
Authors: Yudina Yu. , Vasylenko S. , Zhabanos N. , Furyk N. 
Published: August 2021

We investigated the industrial important properties of leuconostocs that make them possible to use it in starter cultures for the dairy industry (fermented and gas-forming activities, resistance for NaCl, pH, sensitivity to bacteriophages, antagonistic
activity against coliform bacteria). We have
developed the nutritional medium for their cultivation with the justification of the carbohydrate component and identified cultivation temperature of microorganisms.
Bahasa dan Kekuasaan dalam Historiografi Islam Marshall G.S. Hodgson
Authors: Soetomo Greg 
Published: August 2021

Historian has been preserving a historical unity and continuity as a truth. There is an assumption that history has a ‘constant’. This paper explains and proves otherwise. This writing understands history is in fact filled with various ruptures, differences, and deviations. This uncertainty has taken place when ‘language’ becomes a focus of the study of history.
In his L’Archeologie du savoir (1969), Michel Foucault (1926-1984) rejected the preconception of history as unity and continuity. He believed the history as a journey with various ruptures, differences, and irregularities that reveal uncertainty. This reversal has taken place when language as the focus’ study in the history of knowledge. Foucault has called this method as the Archaeology of Knowledge.
This is the question which this paper is going to respond: “How does Michel Foucault’s archaeology of knowledge, the analytical philosophy of language, elucidate the diversity within Marshall G.S. Hodgson’s history of Islam?”
These three below mentioned questions respectively reflect a three-fold dimension of the diversity in Foucault’s thoughts as explained in his L’Archeologie du savoir (poststructuralism-structuralism, postmodernism, and philosophy of history).
First, how does Hodgson, as a structuralist, write the history of Islam by way of developing system of discourses to reveal meaning; at the same time, as a poststructuralist, he reveals incoherence of discourses and its plurality of meanings? Second, how do we understand that the social structure in the history cannot be simply detached from the chains of power as a constitutive dimension of discourse? Third, how do we comprehend, that in every stages of history, they have its distinctive episteme and diversity of thoughts that support the formation of discourses?
This research is essentially to explain the three perspectives of Foucault’s philosophy. At the same time, the three approaches in Hodgson’s writing on the history of Islam are also being explored. Both points of convergence and of divergence have become the whole study of this paper.
الشيخ مختار بن عطارد البوغوري الجاوي ثم المكي (1862 – 1930) والكتب الصونداوية المطبوعة في مكة والقاهرة أوائل القرن العشرين
Authors: Sya'ban Ginanjar 
Published: August 2021

This paper examines the history of “Kitab Sunda”, which was written in Sundanese language but with Arabic letter, by Shaikh Mukhtar (1862 – 1930) in Mecca and printed in Cairo and Mecca. While most intellectual works in the Middle East were written in Arabic, there is convincing indication that they were written in non-Arabic language. It is surprising fact that many religious-based works (Islam) were written in Arabic letter, but they used Javanese, Malay and Sundanese. One of important agents of Muslim scholar who purposely used Sundanese language in his work is Shaikh Mukhtar. The writer, born in Bogor (West Java), was a great ulama (Muslim scholar) in Mecca. He was connected with ulama from nusantara and Middle East network in the turn of 19 and 20 century. During the important period, there were some ulama from Sunda who were teaching in Mecca. Some of them wrote books printed in several cities in the Middle East such as Mecca, Cairo and Istanbul. Shaikh Mukhtar is well-known as pioneer of authorship and publicity of Kitab Sunda in Middle East since the early 20th century. Before this period, religious works of ulama nusantara written in nusantara language and printed in the Middle East, only written in Malay language and Javanese. In the Middle East, history of authorship of kitab Sunda was initiated by Shaikh Mukhtar. This achievement is important not only to introduce Sundanese language as the intelectual language in the Middle East through his works, but also inspire his disciple to produce intellectual works in their mother tongue. By means of historical and bibliography of region approach, this study traces the role of Suandanese ulama in Middle East in the early 20th century.
ADVANTAGE OF ADOPTION OF OPEN DISTANCE AND E-LEARNING TO INCREASE ACCESS TO FEMALE HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: Mwangi Alfred 
Published: August 2021

Purpose: A highly educated woman is viewed as rude, uncooperative and unable to manage house work. These perceptions are said to discourage some female and their parents from pursuing higher education in marginal areas. The general objective of the study was to establish advantage of adoption of Open Distance and e-Learning to increase access to female in higher education.
Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps.
Findings: The study recommends that is a need for pursuing policies and programs to develop Information and Communication Technology as well as Open and Distance Education to wide access to quality educational opportunities. There is general recognition of the potential for Open Distance and e-Learning to meet the needs of some groups of women. This study proposes the development of Information and Communication Technology and Open Distance and e-Learning policies to exploit the advantages of the mass media while at the same time putting in place the development of supportive electronic networks. Also, a strong national framework is required to support a national quality assurance network in order to guide student assessment systems at all levels of Open Distance and e-Learning.
Recommendations: The study recommends that is a need for pursuing policies and programmes to develop Information and Communication Technology as well as Open and Distance Education to wide access to quality educational opportunities. There is general recognition of the potential for Open Distance and e-Learning to meet the needs of some groups of women. This study proposes the development of Information and Communication Technology and Open Distance and e-Learning policies to exploit the advantages of the mass media while at the same time putting in place the development of supportive electronic networks. Also, a strong national framework is required to support a national quality assurance network in order to guide student assessment systems at all levels of Open Distance and e-Learning
Causation between Agronomic Traits in Homozygous Soybean Lines
Authors: ADIE Mochammad Muchlish , KRISNAWATI Ayda 
Published: August 2021

Seed yield in soybean is associated with other yield components. The objective of the study was to investigate the pattern of relationship between seed yield and yield components in soybean. Agronomic characters and seed yield of 147 soybean homozygous lines (HL) and 3 check cultivars (Dega 1, Detap 1, and Anjasmoro) were evaluated in Banyuwangi (East Java, Indonesia) from April to July 2018. The field experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 2 replications. After threshing, the HLs were grouped into large seed size (> 14.00 g/100 seeds) and medium seed size (10 - 14 g/100 seeds). The causation and inter-relationship between yield components and seed yield were quantified using path analysis. Based on the seed size, a total of 150 HLs was grouped into 97 lines and 53 lines of large and medium seed size, respectively. The correlation analysis showed a similar pattern between groups of large and medium seed size. The seed yield in both groups was highly determined by the characters of the number of filled pods, number of nodes, number of branches, plant height, and wet biomass. The results of path analysis revealed that plant age, particularly the length of the generative phase, was an important factor affecting seed yield in large seed soybean lines. The length of the generative phase determining the soybean yield in this study can be suggested to be used as selection criteria to obtain high yielding and large seed size variety.
HIGHLIGHTS

The investigation on the pattern of relationship between seed yield and yield components in soybean
The path analysis to quantify the causation and inter-relationship between yield components and seed yield
The soybean seed yield was highly determined by the characters of the number of filled pods, number of nodes, number of branches, plant height, and wet biomass
The length of the generative phase could be used as selection criteria to obtain high yielding and large seed size soybean variety
2 Corinthians
Authors: Esler Philip F. 
Published: August 2021

In this Social Identity Commentary, Philip Esler provides a comprehensive coverage of the issues and concerns related to 2 Corinthians from the perspective of social identity. Elser outlines his interpretation of the theoretical issues concerned, and then applies this to provide a clear overview of historical and critical issues related to the study of 2 Corinthians. This provides a clear engagement with the text that will serve as a useful resource for scholars, students, clergy, and people interested in the formation and purpose of the letter.
Paul’s second letter to the Corinthians deals with key aspects of the formation of the Christian community at Corinth. Paul uses his correspondence with the Corinthians to address issues of morality, of community structure, of ritual and of religious behaviour. The letter is a key document for understanding the development of Christianity and for understanding Christianity in its earliest context, and Esler proves how 2 Corinthians may be read through the lens of social identity theory.
Introducing a novel chemotherapeutic drug formulated with anthraflavic acid for treating human breast carcinoma and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zhao Gang , Chinnathambi Arunachalam , Alahmadi Tahani Awad , Wainwright Milton 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionMolecular docking as a versatile theoretical method was used to investigate the biological activities of anthraflavic acid in the presence of -amylase. The outcomes revealed that anthraflavic acid has a considerable binding affinity to the enzyme with a docking score of –7.913 kcal/mol. These outcomes were further evaluated with free binding energy calculations, and it was concluded that anthraflavic acid could be a potential inhibitor for -amylase.Material and methodsAnthraflavic acid was explored in anti-human breast carcinoma tests. The in vitro cytotoxic and anti-breast carcinoma effects of biologically synthesized anthraflavic acid against MCF-7, CAMA-1, SK-BR-3, MDA-MB-231, AU565 [AU-565], and Hs 281.T cancer cell lines were assessed. In the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, the anti-breast carcinoma properties of anthraflavic acid could significantly kill the MCF-7, CAMA-1, SK-BR-3, MDA-MB-231, AU565 [AU-565], and Hs 281.T cancer cell lines in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Also, we used human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to determine the cytotoxicity potentials of anthraflavic acid using MTT assay.ResultsThe IC50 values of anthraflavic acid were 159, 193, 253, 156, 241, and 218 µg/ml against MCF-7, CAMA-1, SK-BR-3, MDA-MB-231, AU565 [AU-565], and Hs 281.T cancer cell lines.ConclusionsIt seems the anti-human breast carcinoma effect of recent nanoparticles is due to their antioxidant effects.
A LOUCURA, ENTRE O RISO E A SURPRESA
Authors: Curcino Luzmara , De Oliveira Jéssica 
Published: August 2021

Resumo: Este artigo objetiva apresentar uma análise discursiva das representações de leitura e do perfil leitor inscritos nos textos de três adaptações do clássico de Miguel de Cervantes “Dom Quixote de La Mancha”, a saber: “Vida e proezas de Dom Quixote” (1964), cujo adaptador é Erich Kästner, “Dom Quixote de la Mancha”, de Terra de Senna (198?) e “Dom Quixote”, do adaptador Orígenes Lessa (1972). Por se tratarem de publicações lançadas em décadas distintas, buscamos apresentar brevemente aspectos do contexto histórico dessas produções, das décadas de 1960 a 1980. Nos dedicamos especificamente a análise de uma estratégia de escrita, relativa à escolha lexical para a designação e qualificação da ‘loucura’, quando ela é referida nessas diferentes adaptações. Nas análises, observamos que houve uma progressiva simplificação lexical no modo como se aborda a ‘loucura’, bem como uma abordagem que se torna mais lúdica. Isso parece refletir uma mudança estrutural da própria escolarização da literatura infantil e juvenil do período, que, com a modernização e expansão do mercado editorial, criou e fomentou uma demanda escolar não negligenciável. Em nossa análise dessas variações lexicais relativas à ‘loucura’, buscamos depreender os efeitos de sentido distintos a cada escolha de sua substituição lexical por sinônimos que lhe equivalessem aproximadamente. Em nossa análise, nos pautamos, de modo geral, em princípios da Análise do discurso (Michel Pêcheux e Michel Foucault) e da História Cultural da escrita e da leitura (Roger Chartier).
Palavras-chave: Leitor infantil e juvenil. Adaptação. Cânones escolares. Dom Quixote.