bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge of and Attitudes Toward Perinatal Home Visiting in Women with High‐Risk Pregnancies
Authors: Barkin Jennifer L. , Bloch Joan Rosen , Smith Katherine E.R. , Telliard Sarah N. , McGreal Analise , Sikes Chris , Ezeamama Amare , Buoli Massimiliano , Serati Marta , Bridges Christy C. 
Published: February 2021

IntroductionPublished research indicates that some perinatal home visiting programs are highly effective. However, there is a dearth of information regarding how these services apply to women experiencing a high‐risk pregnancy. The aim of this study was to determine the potential acceptability of home visiting services within this vulnerable population and identify what services women want.MethodsFour focus groups (N = 32) were conducted with a population of low‐income, pregnant individuals in medically underserved central Georgia (United States). Participants were evaluated based on their current exposure to home visiting, receptiveness to home visiting, and reasons for apprehension regarding home visiting.ResultsThe results of this study were mixed, with women expressing both interest in and reluctance about home visiting programs. Themes of distrust and fear of judgment or persecution existed. Women also varied with regard to what home visiting services they would like offered. Those discussed included assistance with maternal or infant medical needs, maternal function tasks, household tasks, and child care.DiscussionHome visiting programs can be effective for improving maternal and child health outcomes. However, not all home visiting programs effectively reach their target population. More research is needed to determine what women who have high‐risk conditions during pregnancy want help with and how to increase receptiveness. The results of this study could be informative to health care providers who treat persons with high‐risk conditions in identifying adjunctive services for those in need of additional support.
Role of insulin in the neuroendocrine control of reproduction
Authors: Evans Maggie C. , Hill Jennifer W. , Anderson Greg M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractInfertility associated with insulin resistance is characterised by abnormal hormone secretion by the hypothalamus, pituitary gland and gonads. These endocrine tissues can maintain insulin sensitivity even when tissues such as the muscle and liver become insulin‐resistant, resulting in excessive insulin stimulation as hyperinsulinaemia develops. Experiments conducted to determine the role of neuronal insulin signalling in fertility were unable to recapitulate early findings of hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism in mice lacking insulin receptors throughout the brain. Rather, it was eventually shown that astrocytes critically mediate the effects of insulin on puberty timing and adult reproductive function. However, specific roles for neurones and gonadotrophs have been revealed under conditions of hyperinsulinaemia and by ablation of insulin and leptin receptors. The collective picture is one of multiple insulin‐responsive inputs to gonadotrophin releasing hormone neurones, with astrocytes being the most important player.
Junzi living in liberal democracy: What role could Confucianism play in political liberalism?
Authors: Wong Baldwin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIt has been widely argued that East Asian governments should be permitted to promote Confucian values. Recently, Zhuoyao Li rejected this view and advocates that East Asian governments should be neutral to all cultures and religions, including Confucianism. Nevertheless, Li believes that Confucianism does not loses its significance in a political liberal state because Confucians can still propose laws and policies, so long as their proposals are justified by public reason. In this paper, I argue that Li misunderstands the true significance of Confucianism in his model. Under the constraint of public reason, Confucians can hardly give any novel input in public deliberation. Rather, I believe that the contribution of Confucianism is to educate citizens to become fully just in the private sphere. Citizens may learn to be unjust if injustices are common in the private sphere. However, a political liberal state would be criticized as being overly invasive if it directly regulates the private sphere. Hence, I propose a division of educational labour between political liberalism and Confucianism in the public and private sphere. Finally, I use the Confucian workplace as an example to show how rituals in the workplace can enhance citizens’ sense of justice in the private sphere.
Word frequency effect in written production: Evidence from ERPs and neural oscillations
Authors: Wang Cheng , Zhang Qingfang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIt has been widely documented that word frequency (WF) modulates language processing in various input and output modalities. WF effect has also been reported in the domain of written production; however, how WF affects written production is a controversial issue. The present study attempts to investigate the time course of and neural oscillation underlying the WF effect in handwritten production. Participants were asked to handwrite pictures names of high versus low WF, while concurrently recording EEG. EEG trials were extracted time‐locked to picture onsets and then submitted to event‐related potential analysis and time–frequency analysis. WF affected ERPs in the time windows of around 98–160 and 282–360 ms after picture onsets. More importantly, WF modulated the evoked and induced theta‐band (4–8 Hz) neural oscillations in the time window of around 36–240 and 244–472 ms, respectively. Considering the time course of language production and the role of theta‐band oscillation in long‐term memory retrieval, we suggest that the two stages of the WF effect, respectively, reflect conceptual preparation and retrieval of orthographic word‐forms in written production.
Recognizing Ourselves in Others: A Reply to Bauer and Svolba in SJP 55.1
Authors: Witonsky Abe 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn “Justice at the Margins: The Social Contract and the Challenge of Marginal Cases” (Southern Journal of Philosophy, 55.1), Nathan Bauer and David Svolba appeal to a concept of recognition found in social contract theory to argue that all humans, including humans who lack certain unique cognitive abilities, so‐called marginal cases, have rights that nonhuman animals lack. The main reason is that we can recognize ourselves in all humans, but not in nonhuman animals. I argue (i) that it is unclear that we can recognize ourselves in certain types of marginal cases, such as corpses and embryos; (ii) that Bauer and Svolba’s reason for why we cannot recognize ourselves in nonhuman animals is questionable; and (iii) if we can recognize ourselves in any types of marginal cases, then we should be able to recognize ourselves in nonhuman animals.
Identifying tobacco retailers in the absence of a licensing system: lessons from Australia
Authors: Baker John , Masood Mohd , Rahman Muhammad Aziz , Thornton Lukar , Begg Stephen 
Published: February 2021

ObjectivesTo estimate the proportion of retailers that sell tobacco in the absence of appropriate local government oversight, and to describe the characteristics by which they differ from those that can expect to receive such oversight.MethodsA database of listed tobacco retailers was obtained from a regional Victorian local government. Potential unlisted tobacco retailers were added using online searches, and attempts to visit all retailers were undertaken. GPS coordinates and sales type information of retailers that sold tobacco were recorded and attached to neighbourhood-level data on socioeconomic disadvantage and smoking prevalence using ArcMap. Logistic regression analyses, χ2tests and t-tests were undertaken to explore differences in numbers of listed and unlisted retailers by business and neighbourhood-level characteristics.ResultsOf 125 confirmed tobacco retailers, 43.2% were trading potentially without government oversight. Significant differences were found between listed and unlisted retailers by primary business type (p<0.001), and sales type (p<0.001) but not by the other characteristics.ConclusionsThe database of tobacco retailers was inaccurate in two ways: (1) a number of listed retailers no longer operated or sold tobacco, and (2) 43.2% of businesses confirmed as selling tobacco were missing. As no form of licensing system exists in Victoria, it is difficult to identify the number of retailers operating, or to determine how many receive formal regulatory oversight. A positive licensing system is recommended to regulate the sale of tobacco and to generate a comprehensive database of retailers, similar to that which exists for food registration, gaming and liquor-licensed premises.
Spatial patterns of vegetation structure and structural diversity across edges between forested wetlands and upland forest in Atlantic Canada
Authors: Harper Karen A. , Gray Logan , Dazé Querry Natasha 
Published: February 2021

Forested wetlands are an integral but understudied part of heterogeneous landscapes in Atlantic Canada, although they are known to provide habitat for species at risk. Our objectives were to explore patterns of forest structure across edges between forested wetland and upland forest, to locate changes in vegetation structure and to assess multivariate relationships in vegetation structure. Our study sites were in temperate (Acadian) forested wetland landscapes. We sampled trees and recorded canopy cover every 20 m along 120-m-long transects. We estimated the cover of trees, saplings, shrubs in three height classes, Sphagnum, other bryophytes, lichens, graminoids, ferns, and forbs in contiguous 1 m × 1 m quadrats. We calculated structural diversity using the Shannon index and used wavelet analysis to assess spatial patterns. We found few clear patterns except for lower tree structural diversity at the edge of forested wetlands. Structural diversity was not a reliable measure for distinguishing forested wetland from upland forest. Forested wetlands are an integral part of many forested landscapes in Atlantic Canada, but their detection and differentiation from surrounding ecosystems can be difficult. Policy should err on the side of caution when mapping forested wetlands and include them in wetland protection.
Centrality dependence of limiting fragmentation
Authors: Kellers B. , Wolschin G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe investigate the centrality-dependent validity of the limiting-fragmentation hypothesis in relativistic heavy-ion collisions at energies reached at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). A phenomenological analysis of Au–Au and Pb–Pb collisions within a three-source relativistic diffusion model (RDM) is performed at$$\sqrt{s_{NN}}=19.6, 62.4, 130, 200, 2760$$sNN=19.6,62.4,130,200,2760and 5023 GeV using four centrality cuts at each energy. Linear and nonlinear expressions for the rapidity drift function are tested and their physical relevance is discussed. Our results are compatible with the limiting-fragmentation conjecture for the investigated centralities in the full energy range. The number of particles in the fragmentation and fireball sources are found to depend on$$\sqrt{s_{NN}}$$sNNlogarithmically and cubic-logarithmically, respectively.
Tau $$g{-}2$$ at $$e^-e^+$$ colliders with momentum-dependent form factor
Authors: Tran Hieu Minh , Kurihara Yoshimasa 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe deviation between the prediction based on the standard model and the measurement of the muon $$g{-}2$$

g
-
2

is currently at $$3{-}4 \sigma $$

3
-
4
σ

. If this discrepancy is attributable to new physics, it is expected that the new contributions to the tau $$g{-}2$$

g
-
2

even larger than those of muon due to its large mass. However, it is much more difficult to directly measure the tau $$g{-}2$$

g
-
2

because of its short lifetime. In this report, we consider the effect of the tau $$g{-}2$$

g
-
2

at $$e^-e^+$$

e
-

e
+

colliders using a model independent approach. Using the tau pair production channel at the Large Electron Position Collider (LEP), we have determined the allowed range for the new physics contribution of the tau $$g{-}2$$

g
-
2

assuming a q-square-dependence ansatz for the magnetic form factor. We also investigated the prospect at future $$e^+e^-$$

e
+

e
-

colliders, such as International Linear Collider, the Compact Linear Collider, the Future Circular $$e^+e^-$$

e
+

e
-

Collider, and Circular Electron Positron Collider, and determined the expected allowed range for the new physics contribution to the tau anomalous magnetic moment. The best limits are about $$4{-}5$$

4
-
5

times more severe than the LEP one due to the beam polarization and the high luminosities at future colliders.
Search for double $$\beta $$-decay modes of $$^{64}$$Zn using purified zinc
Authors: Bellini F. , Beretta M. , Cardani L. , Carniti P. , Casali N. , Celi E. , Chiesa D. , Clemenza M. , Dafinei I. , Di Domizio S. , Ferroni F. , Gironi L. , Gorbenko Yu. V. , Gotti C. , Kovtun G. P. , Laubenstein M. , Nagorny S. , Nisi S. , Pagnanini L. , Pattavina L. , Pessina G. , Pirro S. , Previtali E. , Rusconi C. , Schäffner K. , Shcherban A. P. , Solopikhin D. A. , Virich V. D. , Tomei C. , Vignati M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe production of ultra-pure raw material is a crucial step to ensure the required background level in rare event searches. In this work, we establish an innovative technique developed to produce high-purity (99.999%) granular zinc. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the refining procedure by measuring the internal contaminations of the purified zinc with a high-purity germanium detector at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso. The total activity of cosmogenic activated nuclides is measured at the level of a few mBq/kg, as well as limits on naturally occurring radionuclides are set to less than mBq/kg. The excellent radiopurity of the zinc sample allows us to search for electron capture with positron emission and neutrinoless double electron capture of $$^{64}$$

64

Zn, setting the currently most stringent lower limits on their half-lives, $$T_{1/2}^{\varepsilon \beta ^+} > 2.7\times 10^{21}~\text {year}$$

T

1
/
2

ε

β
+

>
2.7
×

10
21

year

(90% CI), and $$T_{1/2}^{0\nu 2\varepsilon }> 2.6\times 10^{21}~\text {year}$$

T

1
/
2

0
ν
2
ε

>
2.6
×

10
21

year

(90% CI), respectively.
Privacy Care
Authors: Mehta Vikram , Gooch Daniel , Bandara Arosha , Price Blaine , Nuseibeh Bashar 
Published: February 2021

The emergence of ubiquitous computing (UbiComp) environments has increased the risk of undesired access to individuals’ physical space or their information, anytime and anywhere, raising potentially serious privacy concerns. Individuals lack awareness and control of the vulnerabilities in everyday contexts and need support and care in regulating disclosures to their physical and digital selves. Existing GUI-based solutions, however, often feel physically interruptive, socially disruptive, time-consuming and cumbersome. To address such challenges, we investigate the user interaction experience and discuss the need for more tangible and embodied interactions for effective and seamless natural privacy management in everyday UbiComp settings. We propose the Privacy Care interaction framework, which is rooted in the literature of privacy management and tangible computing. Keeping users at the center,AwarenessandControlare established as the core parts of our framework. This is supported with three interrelated interaction tenets:Direct, Ready-to-Hand,andContextual. Direct refers to intuitiveness through metaphor usage. Ready-to-Hand supports granularity, non-intrusiveness, and ad hoc management, through periphery-to-center style attention transitions. Contextual supports customization through modularity and configurability. Together, they aim to provide experience of an embodied privacy care with varied interactions that are calming and yet actively empowering. The framework provides designers of such care with a basis to refer to, to generate effective tangible tools for privacy management in everyday settings.Through five semi-structured focus groups, we explore the privacy challenges faced by a sample set of 15 older adults (aged 60+) across their cyber-physical-social spaces. The results show conformity to our framework, demonstrating the relevance of the facets of the framework to the design of privacy management tools in everyday UbiComp contexts.
Efeitos da meditação associada a educação em neurociências da dor em adultos com fibromialgia: ensaio clínico controlado e randomizado
Authors: Carvalho Lucas Pelegrini Nogueira de , Araújo Lílian Silva , Say Karina Gramani , Avelar Maria do Perpétuo Socorro Lage 
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: analisar os efeitos do mindfulness associado com educação em neurociências da dor na percepção da dor, sono e capacidade funcional de adultos com fibromialgia. Método: trata-se de um estudo experimental controlado e randomizado cujos participantes foram divididos em dois grupos: grupo mindfulness e grupo mindfulness e educação em neurociência da dor. Resultados: foram observadas melhorias de algumas variáveis relacionadas à dor, na capacidade funcional, ansiedade, depressão, qualidade do sono e na catastrofização. Não houve diferença na comparação intergrupos, porém existiram diferenças na comparação intra-grupos. Conclusão: intervenções baseadas na prática de mindfulness e educação em neurociências da dor se mostraram eficazes na melhora doquadro de pacientes com fibromialgia. Registro do Ensaio clínico: REBEC RBR-58pgs4.
Diplomatic Doctrine and Style with Chinese Characteristics
Authors: Freeman Chas W. 
Published: February 2021

Summary
Chinese diplomatic style is the product of many influences. It is rooted in 2,000 years of history but also reflects changes resulting from the Chinese Revolution and the dramatic expansion of its wealth, power, status and interests ongoing today. Much is made of the hierarchical tradition in China’s diplomatic thinking and its resistance to Western diplomatic norms. However, these provide unreliable guides for contemporary Chinese diplomacy. While ‘face’, in terms of the respect of others remains an important consideration, Chinese diplomacy is influenced by upholding its understanding of the principles of sovereignty, non-intervention and self-determination. It is also influenced by the ruling Chinese Communist Party’s conceptions of how political leadership and control are exercised and maintained. These concerns manifest themselves in the way Chinese diplomatic style has avoided force, favoured ambiguity and operated with a clear, but creatively interpreted, distinction between non-negotiable core principles and more flexible concrete arrangements.
Cinéma et Racisme “The Gods Must be Crazy / Les Dieux Sont Tombés sur la Tête” en Afrique Australe
Authors: Cantin Chantal , Juste Hervé 
Published: February 2021

Commentary on the Film “The Gods must be Crazy”
This critical comment on the film “The Gods must be Crazy” deals with the controversial reactions it provoked. The Anti-Apartheidlobby has condemned it as implicitely racist but others qualified it as an amusing, entertaining comedy.
In the first part the authors analyze a number of differing press-comments. In the second part they try to identify the stereotypes about Black and White. Finally the authors describe the reactions of some 40 spectators by means of a debate with a preceding description of the South African political context (“contextualization”) aiming at orienting the audience towards the thesis of a racist film.
The Foreign Debt Problem of Africa
Authors: Decoodt Patrick 
Published: February 2021

The foreign debt problem of Sub Saharan Africa {SSA), although an important obstacle against economic growth, is not the region's major economic problem.
The creditors are less concerned about the relative small debt figures of SSA because of the lower risks for the equilibrium of the financial system. But from the debtors' viewpoint, the debt situation is possibly even more critical in low-income Africa than in the richer major debtor countries.
SSA has a predominance of official creditors with the best obtainable credit terms. Notwithstanding these good terms, SSA is so poor that it has difficulties with fulfilling its debt service.
There is no single solution for the African debt crisis. Anyway the official creditors have to adopt a more flexible attitude. The debtor countries have also to accept their own responsibility in the solutions of the problem.
The Political Transformation Of Libya under Qadhafi
Authors: Haghebaert Bruno 
Published: February 2021

In the Third World, the function of political leadership is more pivotal than in western countries. The subjective factor of Qadhafi has vital bearing on developments in Libya. There was no historical neccessity for Libya to have developed along the revolutionary path that it has. The formation of the Arab Socialist Union, the Popular Revolution, the creation of the Jamahiriya, the inauguration of the Revolutionary Committee movement and the programme of militarisation - all these issues are a result of Qadhafi’s wish to “revolutionarize” Libyan society.
His ultimate aim was to eliminate all intermediaries between the people and the political power. In practice, real power remained in the hands of Qadhafi and the Revolutionary Committees. A drastic fall in oil revenues and the arrogance and arbitrariness of Qadhafi’s revolutionary zealots led to growing discontent among the Libyan population.
The American raid on Tripoli and Benghazi in April 1986 was meant to precipitate Qadhafi’s downfall. But his regime was not overthrown and the Libyan leader proved to be a master of political survival. A (temporary) political and economic liberalisation has boosted his popularity. On the eve of the twentieth anniversary of the Libyan revolution, his position still seems to be secure.
Military Budgets, Underdevelopment and Dependency
Authors: Nauwelaerts Philip 
Published: February 2021

Military expenditures are considered to be one of the causes of underdevelopment. This statement is not easy to prove. The article tries to explain that relatively small military expenditures might have large consequences, e.g. on external debt and scarcity of foreign exchange. The problem for Africa is not in the first place the amount of military expenses or external debt, but the low productivity rate which makes repayment difficult.
Africa still remains dependent in different economic fields from industrialized countries. The African situation would improve by more stable regimes and a better internal organization of the state, so that natural resources and other activities will really benefit the country.
A Japoniste Friendship in Translation: Hayashi Tadamasa and Philippe Burty (1878–1890)
Authors: Emery Elizabeth 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Art critic and collector Philippe Burty (1830–1890) was one of the first friends the Japanese interpreter (and future art dealer) Hayashi Tadamasa (1853–1906) made on arrival in Paris in 1878. The previously unknown letters translated into English within this essay present Hayashi’s work in Paris (1878) and Brussels (1880), his first impressions of Normandy (1882) and New York (1886), and his explanation of the evolution of Japanese painting (1885). They furnish valuable insights into the cross-cultural aesthetics that led the Japanese, the French, the British, the German, and Americans to collaborate in the development of the phenomenon now known as Japonisme, thereby filling in some of the information gaps surrounding Burty’s international networks and Hayashi’s early years in Europe.