bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exercise with Energy Restriction as a Means of Losing Body Mass while Preserving Muscle Quality and Ameliorating Co-morbidities: Towards a Therapy for Obesity?
Authors: Giacco Antonia , Silvestri Elena , Senese Rosalba , Cioffi Federica , Cuomo Arianna , Lombardi Assunta , Moreno Maria , Lanni Antonia , De Lange Pieter 
Published: September 2021

Exercise with Energy Restriction as a Means of Losing Body Mass while Preserving Muscle Quality and Ameliorating Co-morbidities: Towards a Therapy for Obesity?

Antonia Giacco1*, Elena Silvestri1*, Rosalba Senese2, Federica Cioffi1, Arianna Cuomo2, Assunta Lombardi3, Maria Moreno1, Antonia Lanni2 and Pieter de Lange()2

1Dipartimento di Science e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy
2Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Caserta, Italy
3Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II," Napoli, Italy

© The Authors

Abstract
Obesity and related co-morbidities are a major public health threat worldwide, and efforts to counteract obesity by means of physiological interventions are currently being explored and applied. Here we present an overview of the literature on the effect of dietary/exercise-based programs on loss of different components of body mass. We also discuss gain or lack of loss of lean mass in view of muscle quality maintenance, which is an important aspect to consider when employing weight-loss strategies to tackle obesity. By comparing results obtained in participants with mild to severe obesity with those obtained in lean participants, we highlight variations in the success of these interventions. Furthermore, we briefly address the observation that although certain interventions may not always affect body composition they can nevertheless ameliorate co-morbidities (insulin resistance, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease). Based on what is currently known, in this narrative review we include data from human and animal studies related to the process of unravelling the mechanisms underlying conservation of functional muscle mass.
Tingkat Kedisiplinan Tim Bedah Dalam Penggunaan Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) Di Ruang OK IGD RSUP Sanglah Denpasar
Authors: Gede Yenny Apriani Desak 
Published: September 2021

Latar belakang dan tujuan: Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) adalah alat yang mempunyai kemampuan untuk melindungi sesorang dalam pekerjaan yang berfungsi mengisolasi pekerja dari bahaya di tempat kerja. APD yang efektif harus digunakan secara tepat dan sesuai dengan risiko yang dihadapi. Pemilihan APD khususnya bagi tenaga keperawatan harus berdasarkan risiko atau pun bahaya saat melakukan kegiatan keperawatan. APD tenaga kesehatan ketika praktik terdiri dari Sarung tangan, masker, penutup kepala, gaun pelindung, apron, kaca mata, sepatu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kedisiplinan tim bedah dalam penggunaan alat pelindung diri di ruang operasi IGD RSUP Sanglah Denpasar
Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah deskriptif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah adalah semua tim bedah yang sudah dirata-ratakan dengan jumlah 24 responden, dengan tehnik consecutive sampling. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode observasi.
Hasil: Didapat bahwa dari 24 responden tim bedah, sebagian besar responden yang tidak disiplin sebanyak 16 orang (67%) dan sebagian kecil responden yang disiplin sebanyak 8 orang (33%) APD yang paling sering tidak digunakan oleh tim bedah terdapat pada alat pelindung diri (googgles) yaitu dengan jumlah 16 orang (67%).
Simpulan: Tingkat kedisiplinan tim bedah dalam penggunaan APD ditemukan sebagian besar responden yang tidak disiplin dan sebagian kecil responden yang disiplin
Tingkat Kepatuhan Tenaga Kesehatan Dalam Melakukan Five Moments For Hand Hygiene Di Ruang ICU Barat RSUP Sanglah Denpasar Tahun 2018
Authors: Firsia Sastra Putri Desak Made 
Published: September 2021

Latar belakang dan tujuan: Mencuci tangan merupakan rutinitas yang murah dan penting dalam prosedur pengontrolan infeksi dan merupakan metode terbaik untuk mencegah transmisi mikroorganisme. Salah satu upaya yang dijalankan di RSUP Sanglah Denpasar dalam mencegah infeksi nosokomial (HAIs) adalah dengan membudayakan kepatuhan mencuci tangan di kalangan petugas kesehatan. Adapun five moments for hand hygiene tersebut yaitu sebelum kontak dengan pasien, sebelum melaksanakan prosedur aseptik, setelah terpapar atau menyentuh cairan tubuh pasien, setelah kontak dengan pasien, dan setelah kontak dengan lingkungan sekitar pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kepatuhan tenaga kesehatan dalam melakukan five moments for hand hygiene di ruang ICU Barat RSUP Sanglah Denpasar Tahun 2018.
Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah deskriptif observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah tenaga kesehatan yang bertugas di ruang ICU Barat dengan teknik sampling yaitu purposive sampling dengan sampel sebanyak 40 responden. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode observasi.
Hasil: Hasil yang diperoleh yaitu tingkat kepatuhan tenaga kesehatan sebagian besar dalam kategori patuh yaitu sebanyak 36 orang (90,0%).
Simpulan: Tingkat kepatuhan tenaga kesehatan sudah dalam kategori patuh dan perlu ditingkatkan lagi untuk mencapai nilai 100% dengan cara seperti adanya penyuluhan dan penilaian tentang five moments for hand hygiene.
Gastropod Pests on Gracilaria Cylindrica and Gracilaria Verrucosa
Authors: Soekendarsi Eddy 
Published: September 2021

Using traditional methods, Gracilaria cylindrica and Gracilaria verrucosa are commonly cultivated in ponds located in the south eastern parts of South Sulawesi. G. cylindrica has thick, cylindrical branches. G. verrucosa has slender broad-based branches. An illustrated taxonomic account is presented. Three species of herbivore gastropods, Clithon sp., Neritodryas sp., and Clypeomorus sp., occur naturally in the pond areas. The snails easily develop into pests. To reduce the problem, farmers must daily clean cultured Gracilaria by hand. Polyculture of Gracilaria and milk fish reduce problems with fouling epiphytes.
Study of the Types of Molluscs Used by Communities, in Lake Sentani, Papua
Authors: Surbakti Suriani 
Published: September 2021

The distribution of molluscs in Lake Sentani depends on their broad adaptability, dispersal ability, and zoogeographic history and ecological conditions. Ecological conditions in Papua have undergone many changes after the passage of special autonomy. A study on mollusk groups used by the community was carried in May-June 2018. Several government programs that require new land clearing for settlements, infrastructure development and agricultural areas have resulted in the conversion of sago forests, rivers, swamps, mangrove forests and lakes as places of interest. New settlements and shopping centers, consequently the degradation of Lake Sentani is unavoidable. Lake Sentani is currently under a lot of pressure from both internal and external factors. Some observers of lake ecology generally only conduct studies on water quality, but have not studied much of the fauna diversity, the potential of the lake's biological resources, let alone study the diversity of mollusc species and the types used by the community and the threat to the sustainability of the mollusk groups that are used. The public's understanding of the existence of Molluscs from an ecological and economic point of view has contributed greatly. From the survey results in Lake Sentani, the types used by the community are: Thiara sp. Pomacea canaliculata, Pilsbryoconcha exilis, Bellamya sp, and Faunus sp. in the in-let area. Utilization of mollusk groups as a source of family economy is also the second source of protein after fish, while in mountainous areas, certain types of mollusk shells are still used as a legally valid medium of exchange locally.
Tales of saviours and iconoclasts. On the provenance of "the Dead Sea Scrolls of Buddhism"
Authors: Rasmussen Josephine Munch , Justnes Årstein 
Published: September 2021

Academic research on newly discovered ancient Buddhist manuscripts is largely based on objects that come from the antiquities market and to a much lesser degree on objects coming from documented and controlled archaeological excavations. Despite their being unprovenanced, collectors and scholars often present such objects with narratives mimicking provenance. The use of the label "Dead Sea Scrolls" attached to archaeological material without connections to Judaism or early Christianity is a prevalent example of this scholarly praxis. In this article, we deconstruct provenance narratives associated with the undocumented Buddhist manuscripts in the Schøyen Collection and discuss their implications for research on these manuscripts and beyond.

On cover:ANNIBALE CARRACCI (BOLOGNA 1560 - ROME 1609), An Allegory of Truth and Time c. 1584-1585.Oil on canvas | 130,0 x 169,6 cm. (support, canvas/panel/str external) | RCIN 404770Royal Collection Trust / © Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2021.
Level of Antibody Response against Hepatitis B Virus after Vaccination and Seroprevalence of HBV in Children Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Biazin Kebede Habtamu , Teshome Seifegebriel 
Published: September 2021

Approximately 2 billion people worldwide are infected with HBV and more than 240 million are chronic carriers. The World Health Organization officially launched the introduction of the hepatitis B vaccine for children in 1980. Since then, different countries have determined the level of response to the vaccine. Since the introduction of the vaccine in Ethiopia in 2007, there have been few studies evaluating the antibody response to the HBV vaccine. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the HBV antibody response after hepatitis B vaccination and to evaluate the HBV seroprevalence of children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a multistage probability sampling technique. Four hundred and fifty children between the ages of five and eight living in Addis Ababa were enrolled. Socio-demographic characteristics were obtained through a structured questionnaire and three to four ml of blood was collected from each child. ELISA was performed to determine antibody levels against HBV. The average age is seven + one (SD) years. Anti-HBs were detected in 54.3% (208/450) of children, and girls 98 (54.7%) had a slightly higher level of protection than boys 110 did (53.9%). The overall coverage rate of the vaccine in this study was 85.1%. The proportion of children with protective levels (> 10 mIU / ml of anti-HBs antibodies) decreased with increasing age of the children: 5, 6, 7 and 8 years were 52.6%, 60%, 43.5% and 37.1%, respectively. The seroprevalence rate for HBsAg is 0.4% and the seroprevalence rate for anti-HBc is 5.6%. Age and antibody response level were negatively correlated (p = 0.001), while gender and history of HBV infection were not significantly correlated. Age was also significantly correlated with anti-HBc seropositivity (p = 0.003). HBV vaccine coverage for children is high, but the antibody response to the vaccine appears to be low. The seropositivity rate for the virus is also very low. Low levels of response to the vaccine should be a problem. For unresponsive children, revaccination or booster doses should be considered. More research needs to be done.
Cancer Survivor Responses to Socratic Dialogue: An Explorative Study of the Experiences with Participation in an Innovative Intervention
Authors: Knox Jeanette Bresson Ladegaard 
Published: September 2021

Objective: This article is based on an anonymous, open-ended written questionnaire of cancer survivors. Prior to answering the questionnaire, these survivors participated in a Socratic Dialogue Group (SDG) that philosophically addressed the fundamental life questions triggered by their cancer experience. The responses aim to cast light on whether SDG is suitable and beneficial for cancer survivors. Methods: The study is based on two similar interventions: a pilot project from 2008-2010 and a research project from 2012-2015 involving a total of 50 participants divided into 9 SDGs. The projects included a questionnaire filled out by 26 out of 50 rehabilitating cancer patients aged 36 to 72 who had just completed participation in a SDG. The questionnaire consisted of seven questions. The seven questions were identical in the two projects. The projects were carried out at the Center for Cancer and Health in Copenhagen, Denmark. Results: All participants responded favorably to SDG as a way to philosophically address life questions. It was found both suitable for cancer survivors and beneficial for the process of returning to an everyday life. Participants found the particular thought process joyful, enriching and existentially sharpening their awareness in terms of life orientation post cancer. The study suggests a novel theoretical approach to cancer survivor care. Conclusion: Responses from the questionnaire illuminate the relevance of a philosophical approach to cancer care by implementing a method of Socratic dialogue among survivors.
A New History of Modern Computing
Authors: Haigh Thomas , Ceruzzi Paul E. 
Published: September 2021

How the computer became universal.
Over the past fifty years, the computer has been transformed from a hulking scientific supertool and data processing workhorse, remote from the experiences of ordinary people, to a diverse family of devices that billions rely on to play games, shop, stream music and movies, communicate, and count their steps. In A New History of Modern Computing, Thomas Haigh and Paul Ceruzzi trace these changes. A comprehensive reimagining of Ceruzzi's A History of Modern Computing, this new volume uses each chapter to recount one such transformation, describing how a particular community of users and producers remade the computer into something new.
Haigh and Ceruzzi ground their accounts of these computing revolutions in the longer and deeper history of computing technology. They begin with the story of the 1945 ENIAC computer, which introduced the vocabulary of “programs” and “programming,” and proceed through email, pocket calculators, personal computers, the World Wide Web, videogames, smart phones, and our current world of computers everywhere—in phones, cars, appliances, watches, and more. Finally, they consider the Tesla Model S as an object that simultaneously embodies many strands of computing.
Modelling Claim Frequency in Insurance Using Count Models
Authors: Ademola A. Adetunji , Sabri Shamsul Rijal Muhammad 
Published: September 2021

Background: In modelling claim frequency in actuary science, a major challenge is the number of zero claims associated with datasets.
Aim: This study compares six count regression models on motorcycle insurance data.
Methodology: The Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) and the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) were used for selecting best models.
Results: Result of analysis showed that the Zero-Inflated Poisson (ZIP) with no regressors for the zero component gives the best predictive ability for the data with the least BIC while the classical Negative Binomial model gives the best result for explanatory purpose with the least AIC.
Bioactives and Antimicobial Potential of Processing by Products of Four Mango Varieties (Magifera indica Varieties Amelie, Kent, Keitt and Brooks) from the Poro Region (Ivory Coast)
Authors: Diomande Mabintou , Konan Kouassi Hubert , Monnet Yapo Thierry , Kanga Kouassi Armand , Fagbohoun Jean Bedel , Gbotognon Jaures Oscar , Kouadio Eugène Jean Parfait , Kouamé Lucien Patrice 
Published: September 2021

Aims: During the industrial processing of mango, considerable quantities of peel and seeds are rejected, which results in a significant economic loss for the manufacturer, as well as an impact on the environment. However, mango almond and peel flours present enormous nutritional and especially therapeutic potentialities. Thus, the objective of this work is to contribute to the valorization of the waste of 4 varieties of mango (Amelie, Kent, Keitt, Brooks) from north in Ivory Coast by the determination of their bioactive compounds in, order to be used in the pharmaceutical industry.
Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Biochemistry and Food Technology, Nangui Abrogoua University, Abidjan 02, Ivory Coast. Between March 2019 to July 2021.
Methodology: Phenolic compounds of the Mango almond and peel flours were extracted with ethanol. UV-VIS spectrophotometry was employed to further quantify the total phenolic, tannin and total flavonoid content. DPPH radical scavenging assay, 2.2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6- sulphonic acid (ABTS) scavenging test and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were used to determine antioxidant activity. As for phenolic acids, they were analysed by HPLC. Well diffusion method was used to determine antibacterial activity.
Results: The analysis of the bioactive compounds of these mango discards revealed that they are characterised by high contents of total polyphenols 39.67 ± 0.04 to 85.18 ± 0.01 mg/g in the peel and 22.86 ± 0.03 to 58.43 ± 0.00 mg/g in the almond, flavonoids 4.36 ± 0.03 to 20.43 ± 0.02 mg/g in peel and from 6.59 ± 0.01 to 26.72 ± 0.02 mg/g in almonds, tannins 5.04 ± 1.13 to 8.64 ± 0.76 mg/g in peel and from 6.58 ± 0.06 to 12.46 ± 0.11 in almonds. Antioxidant activity varies in peel and almond from 64.49 ± 2.56 to 96.40 ± 0.32 % and 89.16 ± 1.45 to 97.96 ± 0.25 % respectively for ABTS, from 59.51 ± 0.26 to 86, 27 ± 0.56% and 80.39 ± 0.56 to 87.21 ± 0.39% for DPPH inhibition and from 0.59 ± 0.0 to 0.72 ± 0.01 mg/g and from 0.81% to 0.92% mg/g for iron reduction by the FRAP method. As for the antimicrobial activity, very marked inhibition diameters were observed both with the peel extracts and in the almonds for different bacteria (B. ceurus, E. coli, ST. aureus, S. typhi, P. aeruginosa).
Conclusion: These results demonstrate that the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the by-products of the four mango varieties are potential sources of bioactive compounds. These by-products could therefore be used in the pharmaceutical industry and diet.
Comparison of the Effect Aqueous Extract and Nano-Sidr Synthetic of Leaves Ziziphus Spina-christi with Silver Nanoparticles the on Biofilm of Local Isolates of Staphylococcus. Spp
Authors: Najm Furqan Fadhil , Alkaabi Siham Jasim , Kadhum Quraish Abbas 
Published: September 2021

Aims: This study aims to investigate the inhibitory susceptibility of extract Sidr leaf (Ziziphus spina-christi) aqueous, silver nanoparticles Ag NPs and Sidr nanoparticle "Nano-sidr" (Ziziphus spina-christi) against local isolates of Staphylococcus.SPP, and their inhibition effect on biofilm formation.
Study Design: Initially diagnosed by The use of Mannitol salt agar medium, then 26 isolates were selected from them depending on the resistance to methicilln and Vancomycin that were conducted.
Place and Duration of Study: The samples were collected from AL-Najaf AL-Ashraf and Baghdad hospitals.
Methodology: These isolates were subjected to a VITEK-2 compact system "ID, AST", to ascertain the genus and type of Staphylococcus bacteria., morphological and biochemical tests were conducted on them to confirm them.
Results: The result of the diagnosis showed 10 isolates belonging to Staphylococcus aureus, and a number of them were resistant to as MRSA-VRSA, and 7 were Staphylococcus haemolyticus and they were all resistant and known as MRSA-VRSA, and two isolates of Staphylococcus sciuri bacteria, one of them was resistant to VRSA and the other to MRSA-VRSA , two isolates of Staphylococcus warneri were both resistant to MRSA, two isolates of Staphylococcus lugdunensis were resistant to antibiotics, one of them was VRSA and the other was MRSA-VRSA, and one isolate of Staphylococcus lentus was also resistant to antibiotics MRSA-VRSA, and one isolate of Staphylococcus warneri was resistant to MRSA-VRSA, and one isolate of Staphylococcus lugdunensis was resistant to antibiotics.
Conclusion: Isolation of Staphylococcus vitulinus. 11 different isolates were selected from them according to their resistance to antibiotics, and after selecting the most efficient one by examining the inhibitory activity by diffusion method. The results showed the ability of both types of nanoparticles. Plant extracts prevent the formation of biofilms
Self‐Patterning of Multifunctional Heusler Membranes by Dewetting
Authors: Lünser Klara , Diestel Anett , Nielsch Kornelius , Fähler Sebastian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNi‐Mn‐based Heusler alloys are an emerging class of materials which enable actuation by (magnetic) shape memory effects, magnetocaloric cooling, and thermomagnetic energy harvesting. Multifunctional materials have a particular advantage for miniaturization since their functionality is already built within the material. However, often complex microtechnological processing is required to bring these materials into shape. Here, self‐organized formation of single crystalline membranes having arrays of rectangular holes with high aspect ratio is demonstrated. Dewetting avoids the need for complicated processing and allows to prepare freestanding Ni–Mn–Ga–Co membranes. These membranes are martensitic and magnetic, and their functional properties are not disturbed by self‐patterning. Feature sizes of these membranes can be tailored by film thickness and heat treatment, and the tendencies can be explained with dewetting. As an outlook, the advantages of these multifunctional membranes for magnetocaloric and thermomagnetic microsystems are sketched.
Evolution ofCastaneain North America: restriction‐site‐associated DNA sequencing and ecological modeling reveal a history of radiation, range shifts, and disease
Authors: Spriggs Elizabeth L. , Fertakos Matthew E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPremiseAlthough chestnuts and chinquapins are some of the best known and most widely loved of any plants in North America, relatively little genomic sequencing has been done, and much is still unknown about their evolution.MethodsWe used double‐digest restriction‐site‐associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing data to infer the species‐level phylogeny forCastaneaand assess the phylogeography of the North American species using samples collected from populations that span the full extent of the species’ ranges. We also constructed species distribution models using digitized herbarium specimens and observational data from field surveys.ResultsWe identified strong population structure withinCastanea dentata(American chestnut) that reflects a stepwise northern migration since the last glacial maximum. Our species distribution models further confirmed this scenario and matched closely with theCastaneafossil pollen record. We also found significant structure within theCastanea pumilalineage, most notably a genetic cluster that corresponds to the frequently recognizedCastanea pumilavar.ozarkensis.ConclusionsThe two North AmericanCastaneaspecies have contrasting patterns of population structure, but each is typical of plant phylogeography in North America. Within theC. pumilacomplex, we found novel genetic structure that provides new insights aboutC. pumilataxonomy. Our results also identified a series of distinctive populations that will be valuable in ongoing efforts to conserve and restore chestnuts and chinquapins in North America.