bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Client‐led care in HIV: perspectives from community and practice
Authors: Crawford David , Allan Brent , Cogle Aaron , Brown Graham 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesWhile current antiretroviral and care strategies can effectively suppress HIV, achieving optimal quality of life (QoL) requires a wider consideration of clients’ well‐being, the complexity of individuals’ lives and social determinants of health. The objective of this commentary was to develop a definition of client‐led care in the Australian context and its key supporting principles for people living with HIV (PLHIV).MethodsThe authors used two sources of evidence to support their HIV community experience with client‐led care: (1) a scoping review of the literature, and (2) consultations with colleagues who were PLHIV advocates or HIV specialist physicians. The findings from the scoping review and consultations were summarised and the key principles of client‐led care compared with those identified by the authors.ResultsSeven articles met the inclusion criteria for qualitative analysis in the scoping review. Five PLHIV advocates and three HIV specialist physicians were consulted. Key principles supporting client‐led care identified by the authors based on their experience centred around the themes of: (1) clients and healthcare providers working in partnership, (2) information and communication, (3) coordinating access to care, (4) building trust, and (5) respect for client's needs and preferences. The principles identified by the authors were supported by those of the scoping review and colleague consultations.ConclusionsA client‐led approach can complement conventional HIV care strategies and enable empowerment and greater engagement with care, potentially improving the care continuum and overall QoL for individuals living with HIV who can, and want to, lead their own care.
A comparison of immune receptor recombination databases sourced from tumour exome or RNAseq files: Verifications of immunological distinctions between primary and metastatic melanoma
Authors: Patel Dhruv N. , Yeagley Michelle , Arturo Juan F. , Falasiri Shayan , Chobrutskiy Boris I. , Gozlan Etienne C. , Blanck George 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIt became apparent several years ago that RNAseq and exome files prepared from tissue could be mined for adaptive immune receptor (IR) recombinations, which has given extra value to datasets originally intended for gene expression or mutation studies. For example, recovery of IR recombination reads from tumour specimen genomics files can correlate with survival rates. In particular, many benchmarking processes have been applied to the two sets of the IR recombination reads obtained from the cancer genome atlas files, but these two sets have never been directly compared. Here we show that both sets largely agree regarding several parameters. For example, recovery of TRB recombination reads from both WXS and RNAseq files representing metastatic melanoma was associated with a better outcome (p < .0004 in both cases); and T‐cell receptor recombination read recovery, for both genomics file types, associated very strongly with T‐cell gene expression markers. However, the use of CDR3 chemical features for survival distinctions was not consistent. This topic, and the surprising result that both datasets indicated that primary melanoma with recovery of IR recombination reads, in stark contrast to metastatic melanoma, represents a worse outcome, are discussed.
Functional analysis of a putative Bombyx mori cypovirus miRNA BmCPV‐miR‐10 and its effect on virus replication
Authors: Wang Y. , Lin S. , Zhao Z. , Xu P. , Gao K. , Qian H. , Zhang Z. , Guo X. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBombyx mori cypovirus (BmCPV) is an important pathogen of silkworm (B. mori), the economically beneficial insect. The mechanism of its interaction with host immune defence system in the process of infection is still not yet completely clear. Researches have demonstrated that virus‐encoded microRNAs (miRNA) play a crucial role in regulating host–pathogen interaction, but few reports are available so far on miRNAs encoded by insect viruses, especially the RNA viruses. In this study, a putative miRNA encoded by the 10th segment of BmCPV genomic RNA, BmCPV‐miR‐10, was identified and functionally analysed. The expression of the putative BmCPV‐miR‐10 could be detected via stem‐loop RT‐PCR (reverse transcription‐Polymerase Chain Reaction) in the midgut of silkworm larvae infected with BmCPV. BmCSDE1 (B. mori cold shock domain E1 protein) gene was predicted to be a candidate target gene for BmCPV‐miR‐10 with the miRNA binding site located in 3′ untranslated region of its mRNA. The regulation effect of the putative BmCPV‐miR‐10 on BmCSDE1 was verified in HEK293 cells by lentiviral expression system, in BmN cells by transfecting BmCPV‐miR‐10 mimics. The qRT‐PCR (quantitative real‐time PCR) results showed that the putative BmCPV‐miR‐10 could suppress the expression of BmCSDE1. By injection of BmCPV‐miR‐10 mimics into the silkworm larvae infected with BmCPV, it was further proved that the putative BmCPV‐miR‐10 could suppress the expression of BmCSDE1 in vivo, then inhibit the expression of BmApaf‐1 (B. mori apoptotic protease activating factor 1), while enhance the replication of BmCPV genomic RNAs to a certain extent. These results implied that the putative BmCPV‐miR‐10 could down‐regulate the expression of BmCSDE1, then suppress the expression of BmApaf‐1, thereby created a favourable intracellular environment for virus replication and proliferation.
Calcium silicate and calcium aluminate cements for dentistry reviewed
Authors: Primus Carolyn , Gutmann James L. , Tay Franklin R. , Fuks Anna B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCalcium silicate cements were identified as excellent materials for dentistry, particularly for dental procedures contacting the dental pulp or root system. Both calcium silicate and calcium aluminate cements cause the biomineralization (precipitation of hydroxyapatite [HA] phenomena and shield dental tissues from the underlying cement (a foreign body material). The cements also elute ions to stimulate cytokines that contribute to the healing of the dental pulp or in the tissue surrounding the root of a tooth. The cements serve as a foundation for other dental restorative materials. This paper reviews the cement phases, properties, in vivo reactions, and clinical benefits from the use of calcium silicate and calcium aluminate ceramic cements.
Genotyping of enterotoxigenic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) among commensal rodents in North Sinai, Egypt
Authors: Eidaroos Nada H. , Youssef Ahmed I. , El- Sebae Ali , Enany Mohamed E. , Farid Doaa S. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Aim
This study aimed to identify genotype enterotoxigenic antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcus aureus species, mainly methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) among commensal rodents.

Methods and results
A total of 280 samples were collected from nasal and mouth swabs, heart blood, intestinal content and lung tissues of 56 commensal rodents trapped from North Sinai, Egypt. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed to bacteriologically identified S. aureus isolates against 15 antimicrobial agents by disc diffusion method. Detection was conducted for identifying coagulase gene (coA), antimicrobial-resistant genes (mecA and vanA/B), enterotoxigenic and virulence determinant genes (hlg, seb, sed and see) among the MRSA and VRSA isolates.

Results
Staphylococcus aureus species were isolated from 24 (42.86%) out of 56 rodents. Phenotypic examination revealed that all the isolates were multidrug-resistant, whereas two isolates were multiple antibiotic resistant (MAR). Out of 33 examined isolates, 33 (100%) were resistant to oxacillin and amoxicillin, 31 (93.93%) to cefoxitin and 12 (36.36%) to vancomycin. PCR assay revealed that 24 isolates revealed (100%) positivity to coA gene, 17 (70.83%) to mecA gene and 12 (50%) to vanA/B genes. Enterotoxin genes and haemolysin genes were detected among MRSA and VRSA isolates. There was a strong positive correlation between the tested antimicrobial-resistant genes and virulence genes (p &gt; 0.05).

Conclusions
This study demonstrated the occurrence of MRSA and VRSA strains among commensal rodents in North Sinai, Egypt. The detection of enterotoxigenic and virulence genes of the isolated MRSA and VRSA strains indicated the health hazards of food contamination and zoonotic infections.

Significance and impacts of the study.
This study emphasizes the role of commensal rodents in maintaining and disseminating multidrug-resistant MRSA and VRSA strains to the environment, animals and human beings.
Research Review: A meta‐analysis of relapse rates in cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and related disorders in youth
Authors: Levy Hannah C. , Stevens Kimberly T. , Tolin David F. 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundCognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for youth with anxiety and related disorders, with a 59% remission rate at post‐treatment. Results of reviews and meta‐analyses indicate that treatment gains are maintained across long‐term follow‐up, at least in terms of symptom improvement. Less is known about relapse, defined as patients who initially achieve remission status but then experience a return of symptoms after a follow‐up period.MethodThe current study used meta‐analysis to determine the overall rate of relapse in CBT for children and adolescents (age 18 years or younger) with anxiety and related disorders. Potential moderating factors of relapse rates, including demographic, methodological, and clinical/intervention characteristics, were also examined. Out of a pool of 78 abstracts, 13 full‐text articles were retained for meta‐analysis. An additional two articles were identified from other sources (total N = 535 patients).ResultsResults showed an overall relapse rate of 10.5% (including comorbid autism spectrum disorder) and 8% (excluding comorbid autism spectrum disorder) across studies. Moderator analyses demonstrated that relapse rates were higher among younger and more racially diverse samples, as well as among patients with comorbid externalizing disorders and those taking psychiatric medications. There were no differences in relapse rates as a function of primary diagnosis.ConclusionsTaken together, the findings indicate that relapse rates in CBT for anxious youth are relatively low, suggesting that treatment development and refinement efforts should focus on improving treatment response and remission rates for this population.
Machine learning algorithms to predict the dry matter loss of stored soybean grains (Glycine max L.)
Authors: Zeymer Juliana Soares , Guzzo Felipe , de Araujo Marcos Eduardo Viana , Gates Richard Stephen , Corrêa Paulo Cesar , Vidigal Márcia Cristina Teixeira Ribeiro , Neisse Anderson Cristiano 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPredictive modeling is useful to estimate future events based on collected data and discipline‐specific knowledge to guide decision making. Machine learning is one of the most frequently used methods to develop predictive models. There is limited literature in which machine learning techniques have been applied to soybeans' behavior during storage, and thus, the goal of this study was to test different model frameworks that estimate dry matter loss of soybeans utilizing data acquired from a dynamic grain respiration system with different levels of moisture content (12, 14, 18, and 22%, wet basis—w.b.) and temperature (25, 30, and 35°C). Five different models were trained and tested with a 2,625 point data set, which was partitioned into a training set (90%) and a testing set (10%). In the training step, 10‐fold cross‐validation was used to choose the best hyperparameters for each of the models. All fitted models were evaluated using standard metrics of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), coefficient of determination (R2), dispersion of residual values, and a coefficient of performance. The Random Forest model performed best in terms of the distance between predicted and observed values, with three predicting variables. The use of predictive modeling in the recent Agriculture 4.0 scenario is a promising development for risk management and decision making in the context of grain and oilseed storage.Practical ApplicationsSoy is one of the most important crops in the world. The dry matter loss through respiration is a major problem during storage. The results of this study can aid researchers and the soybean industry in managing storage as a risk management and decision‐making tool.
Declining energy predicts incident mobility disability and mortality risk in healthy older adults
Authors: Sprague Briana N. , Zhu Xiaonan , Ehrenkranz Rebecca C. , Tian Qu , Gmelin Theresa A. , Glynn Nancy W. , Rosso Andrea L. , Rosano Caterina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose was to examine whether longitudinal changes in self‐reported energy predict incident mobility disability and mortality. We further explored whether changes in energy‐related behaviors (physical activity, appetite, or sleep quality) would explain these associations.MethodsN = 2021 participants from the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study free from mobility disability and with at least three energy assessments from years 2 to 10.MeasurementsThe outcomes were time to first self‐reported inability to walk a quarter of a mile (mobility disability) and death. Self‐reported energy level (SEL) was a single‐item indicator over the prior month, ranging from 0 to 10; person‐specific slopes measured whether individuals increased or decreased in SEL across the total follow‐up time (mean 7.09 years, +1.72, range 2–8 years). Potential energy‐related mediators were baseline and change in self‐reported physical activity, appetite, and sleep quality. Covariates were baseline levels and change in demographics, health characteristics and behaviors, tiredness, cognition, mood, and gait speed.ResultsA total of 947 developed disability and 567 died over the study follow‐up. A one‐point change in SEL over the follow‐up (or an average 0.125 points/year) was inversely associated with a 35% risk of incident mobility disability (hazard ratio = 0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.55, 0.76, p < 0.001) and 33% risk of death (hazard ratio = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.42, 0.87, p = 0.003), independent of covariates. Potential energy‐related mediators did not attenuate this association.ConclusionsIn this longitudinal analysis of community‐dwelling older adults, energy decline was common and a significant independent predictor of disability risk and mortality.
The effects of despeckling filters on pore size measurements in collagen scaffold micro‐CT data
Authors: Meek Matt C. , Best Serena , Cameron Ruth 
Published: July 2021

SummaryMicro‐CT is often used to assess the characteristics of porous structures such as tissue engineering scaffolds and trabecular bone. Prior to analysis, micro‐CT images can be thresholded and filtered to remove noise. Scaffold pore size affects mechanical properties and biological cell behaviour and is a frequently assessed parameter. This paper identifies and characterizes an artefact affecting a commonly used filter which erroneously increases mean pore size. The 3D sweep despeckling filter removes all but the largest object within a volume of interest, and therefore deletes any disconnected objects located at the periphery, increasing measured mean pore size. This artefact is characterized, and effective methods to mitigate its effects are devised, involving despeckling a sufficiently large volume of interest, then reducing the volume of interest in size to remove the error prior to analysis. Techniques to effectively apply this method to other data sets are described. This method eliminates the artefact but is time‐consuming and computationally expensive. Alternative, more economical filters which remove objects below a specified size are also assessed but are shown to be affected by the same artefact. These results will help to guide the implementation of future studies investigating the effects of pore size.
Nursing students’ views of using virtual reality in healthcare: A qualitative study
Authors: Saab Mohamad M. , Landers Margaret , Murphy David , O’Mahony Billy , Cooke Eoghan , O’Driscoll Michelle , Hegarty Josephine 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThis study explored nursing students’ views of using virtual reality in healthcare.BackgroundThe popularity and use of virtual reality in healthcare delivery and education is on the rise. Yet, the views of future nurses regarding this technology remain underexplored.DesignThis is a qualitative descriptive study guided by a naturalistic inquiry and reported using the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist.MethodsNursing students (n = 26) were recruited using convenience and snowball sampling. They were first exposed to a virtual reality intervention aimed to enhance men's awareness of testicular diseases. This was attempted to familiarise participants with the technology and initiate conversations around its use in healthcare. Participants were then interviewed face‐to‐face, either individually or within focus groups. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsFour themes were identified: (i) positive experiences of virtual reality; (ii) challenges to using virtual reality; (iii) settings where virtual reality can be implemented; and (iv) blue‐sky and future applications of virtual reality. Participants described this technology as novel, enjoyable, immersive, memorable and inclusive. They questioned, however, the suitability of virtual reality for older adults, reported minor technical difficulties and stressed the importance of prior preparation in the use of the technology. Virtual reality was recommended for use in outpatient healthcare settings, schools and the community. Participants suggested using virtual reality in health promotion, disease prevention and management, and to promote nurses’ empathy towards patients.ConclusionsFindings highlight the potential role of virtual reality in assisting nurses in promoting health and managing disease. Future research is needed to establish the long‐term effect of virtual reality interventions among more diverse participants.Relevance to clinical practiceVirtual reality can be implemented in outpatient, educational and community settings in order to promote health, prevent disease, enhance disease and self‐management, and increase nurses’ empathy towards patients.
Digitally Designed and Milled Verification Jigs Generated from Photogrammetry Data Acquisition: A Clinical Report
Authors: Sinada Naif , Papaspyridakos Panos 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe objective of the present report is to illustrate a proof‐of‐concept protocol for CAD/CAM fabrication of milled verification jigs during full‐arch implant rehabilitation using photogrammetry for data acquisition. The present report aims to bridge the gap between analog and digital workflows by introducing a CAD/CAM technique to intraorally verify digitally acquired information without the use of the technique‐sensitive and labor‐intensive conventional resin verification jig. One patient was treated with a digital prosthodontic protocol where a digitally designed CAD/CAM milled verification jig (generated from intraoral digital scans) was used to confirm implant 3D positioning prior to the fabrication of double full‐arch monolithic definitive zirconia prostheses. The procedures are presented step‐by‐step after clinical and radiographic observation.
Comparison of Fracture Resistance for Chairside CAD/CAM Lithium Disilicate Crowns and Overlays with Different Designs
Authors: Alberto Jurado Carlos , Kaleinikova Zinaida , Tsujimoto Akimasa , Alberto Cortés Treviño Daniel , Seghi Robert R. , Lee Damian J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeTo determine the fracture resistance of chairside computer‐aided design and computer‐assisted manufacturing (CAD/CAM) lithium disilicate full coverage crowns and two different designs of overlay restorations for premolars.Materials and MethodsCAD/CAM lithium disilicate (IPS e.max CAD for CEREC/HT A1 C14, Ivoclar Vivadent) restorations (15 specimens/group) with 1.5 mm occlusal thickness and 1.0 mm chamfer were designed and fabricated with a chairside CAD/CAM system (CEREC, Dentsply Sirona). The restorations were prepared in three different designs: (1) full coverage crowns, (2) overlays with the margin located 2 mm above the gingiva, and (3) overlays with the margin located 4 mm above the gingiva. Restorations were cemented using conventional resin luting cement (Multilink, Ivoclar Vivadent) with primer system (Monobond Plus, Ivoclar Vivadent) to resin printed dies, load cycled (2,000,000 load cycles at 1 Hz with 275 N force), and then finally loaded with a steel indenter until failure. Scanning electron microscopy observations of fractured surfaces were also conducted. Group results were analyzed with one‐way analysis of variance, and the medians were evaluated independently with Kruskal‐Wallis.ResultsThe fracture force of CAD/CAM lithium disilicate restorations was significantly different (p < 0.001) depending on the design of the restoration. Full coverage crowns showed significantly higher force to fracture (1018.8 N) than both types of overlays (p = 0.002 for overlay 2.0 mm and p < 0.001 for overlay 4.0 mm above gingiva). Among the two overlays, the restoration with the margin located 2 mm above the gingiva showed significantly higher fracture force (813.8 N) than the overlay with margin at 4 mm above the gingiva (436.1 N; p < 0.001). The fracture appearance of the crowns was much more complex than that of the overlay restorations.ConclusionsFull coverage chairside CAD/CAM lithium disilicate premolar crown showed higher fracture resistance than overlay restorations. Overlays with the margin located 2 mm above the margin demonstrated higher resistance than those with the margin located 4 mm above the gingiva.
It's RILA time: An introduction to registered index‐linked annuities
Authors: Moenig Thorsten 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRegistered index‐linked annuities (RILAs) are increasingly popular equity‐based retirement savings products offered by US life insurance companies. They combine features of fixed‐index annuities and traditional variable annuities (TVAs), offering investors equity exposure with downside protection in a tax‐deferred setting. This article introduces RILAs to the academic literature by describing the products' key features, developing a general pricing model, and deriving the providers' hedging strategy by decomposing their liabilities into short‐term European options. Numerical illustrations show that RILAs offer investors similar risk profiles (in the long run) as TVAs with maturity guarantees, and that many products currently sold appear to be priced quite favorably for investors. For providers, RILAs may be a preferable alternative or complement to TVAs as they greatly simplify the management of the embedded equity risk and can naturally reduce the TVA capital requirements. These features position RILAs as a viable long‐term solution for this product space.
What does the disclosure of school quality information bring? The effect through the housing market
Authors: Kuroda Yuta 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study investigates how disclosure of school quality information influences the behavior of students and parents. Using the event in which school‐level test scores were first disclosed in October 2014 in Matsue City, Japan, I estimate the change in the effect of test scores on housing rent and population in a school district between pre‐ and post‐disclosure. Following the disclosure of scores, the school catchment areas with higher scores witnessed a significant increase in the rents of apartments for families and the population of school‐age children. These results provide novel evidence that disclosure of school quality information significantly impacts people's school and residential choice behavior.