bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth of Spirulina sp. microalgae in the media of fish waste water treatment from Cemara market, Medan, North Sumatera
Authors: Yusni E , Hartono E S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Spirulina sp. is one of the potential microalgae as a source of protein because it contains 100% vegetable protein. Fisheries industry wastewater contains a lot of protein and fat, resulting in quite high values, nitrates and ammonia. Fish waste can be used as raw material for organic fertilizer microalgae that can grow in waste besides producing biomass and can reduce the burden of pollution. In this case, researchers want to know the growth rate of microalgae Spirulina sp. in the media of liquid waste resulting from fish handling from Cemara Market, Medan, North Sumatra. This research was conducted experimentally, the research design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of five treatments with three replications with different waste concentrations with a volume of 1000 ml. Based on the Anova test results show that there is a real influence of the variation of treatment on the growth of Spirulina sp. with a significance value of 0.000 (p <0.05). Also supported by the results of Duncan’s further tests which showed that treatment A (30% waste) and treatment K (control) were significantly different from each other and also had a significant effect on treatment B (60% waste).
The estimation of mackerel tuna (Euthynnus affinis) fishing ground in Malacca Strait
Authors: Fadhilah A , Octavira D , Leidonald R , Desrita  , Prasetyo B A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In fishing activity, the success is indicated by the number of catches that extremely influenced by the conditions of fishing ground. Information of the potential fishing ground is needed for fishermen to increase the effectiveness and efficiency in fishing activity. Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a in waters are two things that can affect the potential of fishing ground. The research aims to create distribution map of SST and chlorophyll-a and to presume the potentials of fishing ground in Malacca Strait based on distribution of SST and chlorophyll-a in Malacca Strait (2015-2019). The data of SST and chlorophyll-a distribution in Malacca Strait were using Aqua MODIS satellite imagery. Based on the result of SST and chlorophyll-a analysis, potential fishing ground in Malacca Strait is expected located around East Aceh in Western season, Malaysian waters in the Transition I season, between Asahan and Malaysian waters in Eastern season and between Deli Serdang and East Aceh in the Transition II season.
Enhalus acoroides coverage and density in Jago Jago Coastal, Central Tapanuli
Authors: Harahap Z A , Susetya I E , Khairunnisa  , Siregar R F , Hasibuan J S , Manurung V R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Research about seagrass in Central Tapanuli is still very limited. This study aimed to assess E. acoroides density and coverage in Jago Jago coastal area, Central Tapanuli. The seagrass beds in Jago Jago coastal area are monospecific beds that formed by Enhalus acoroides, a species that has bigger morphological size than other species. Seagrass sampling was conducted in July 2020 in three observation stations. The assessment of seagrass coverage and density was conducted using line transect method and placing 50 cm x 50 cm quadrats every 10 m along the transect. The lowest coverage and density were found in Station I which was 26.06% and 39 shoots/m2. Meanwhile, the highest coverage and density were found in Station II which was 42.12% and 80 shoots/m2. This research outcome is expected to be basic data for future seagrass management in Central Tapanuli.
The effect of volcanic ash from the eruption of mount Sinabung on the survival and tissue structure of Mahseer fish (Tor tambroides)
Authors: Ezraneti R , Pratiwi T A , Syahputra N , Khalil M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Volcanic ash of Mount Sinabung enters the Lau Borus River. One of the biota in the river that is affected by volcanic ash is the Mahseer fish. This study aims to determine the LC50 from the exposure of Mount Sinabung volcanic ash to Mahseer fish, water quality, and tissue histology of Mahseer fish. The concentrations of volcanic ash for toxicity tests were 0 mg/L, 66,000 mg/L, 87,000 mg/L, 115,000 mg/L, and 152,000 mg/L. The results of the probit analysis showed that the LC50 values at the exposure time at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours were 135,249 mg/L, 106,741 mg/L, 72,210 mg/L, and 68,798 mg/L, respectively. The higher concentration of volcanic ash given will accelerate the time of death of Mahseer fish, followed by damage to the skin, gill and intestinal tissue. There is muscle necrosis and the epidermis is thinning in the skin. In the gills there is hyperplasia, hypertrophy, fusion, and necrosis of cells. Hyperplasia and hypertrophy of goblet cells, and necrosis of the intestinal villi in the intestine.
Increasing productivity of red chilies using Proliga cultivation technology and high yielding varieties
Authors: Atman  , Indrawanto C , Yuniarti  , Dewi Y A , Hendrawan F 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In Solok District, West Sumatra Province, farmers plant curly red chilies using the local variety Sukarami with simple cultivation technology. The resulting productivity is around 6-7 tonnes /ha. The Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD) has introduced cultivation technology for red chilies namely ‘Proliga’ to increase productivity. The experiment was conducted in Sukarami Field Station in Solok Regency. Four treatments with Six replication have been applied, (1) Proliga cultivation technology using Kopay Variety (Proliga Kopay), (2) Proliga cultivation technology using Kencana Variety (Proliga Kencana), (3) Proliga cultivation technology using Sukarami Variety (Proliga Sukarami), (4) Farmer’s cultivation technology using Sukarami Local Variety. The results show that the application of Proliga technology increases the yield. The largest increases were obtained through the application of Proliga technology using Sukarami local variety, with a revenue value of Rp. 209,448 million / ha or an increase of 57.44% compared to the Farmer’s cultivation technology using Sukarami Local Variety. The R/C and MBCR values of the Proliga Sukarami technology are 1.51 and 2.36 respectively.
The role of sulfur and paclobutrazol on the growth of shallots (Allium ascalonicum (L.) Sanren F-1 varieties from true shallot seed
Authors: Hasanah Y , Mawarni L , Hanum H , Sipayung R , Ramadhan M T 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The latest technological developments in shallot cultivation can be done using True Shallot Seed (TSS). The obstacle is the character experiencing difficulty in senescence and long harvesting age. The presence of growth inhibitor is necessary to focus the energy on tuber formation. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of sulfur and paclobutrazol on the growth of shallots from TSS. The research was conducted using polybag in the community land in Medan, using a factorial randomized block design with 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor was sulfur (0, 75, 150 kg ZA/ha) applications, and the second factor was paclobutrazol (0, 15, 30 ppm) applications. The results showed that 150 kg ZA/ha sulfur application increased the plant length 1-5 weeks after transplanting. The treatment of paclobutrazol and the interaction between paclobutrazol and sulfur applications had no significant effect on plant length and leaf number at 1-4 weeks after transplanting.
DNA isolation and amplification of Dryobalanops oblongifolia DREY and Dryobalanops lanceolata BURCK
Authors: Rangkuti A B , Susilowati A , Rachmat H H , Lubis T S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Dryobalanops belong to a member of Dipterocarpaceae, which has a high economic value. Due to illegal harvesting for its wood, the population tends to decrease every year, so rapid conservation effort was needed. D. oblongifolia and D. lanceolata were important members of dryobalanops, which have listed as endangered (EN), according to IUCN. This study aims to provide information on the DNA isolation and amplification process. This data was needed as basic information for further research, such as genetic diversity, population genetics, phylogeny studies, or biogeography aspects. DNA isolation was performed using the CTAB method (Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide). The amplification process was performed with three barcode markers those were trnL-trnF, rbcL, and matK. The results of DNA isolation showed quite good DNA yield. Amplified DNA using all primers showed successfully with an annealing temperature of 490C for matK, 500C for trnL-trnF, and 550 C for rbcL.
Effect of Paclobutrazol concentration on initial formation stolon in potato plants by in vitro at different temperature conditions
Authors: Pane H Y B T , Hanafiah D S , Damanik R I 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The increase in potato production is constrained condition in Indonesia grow in the area with an altitude of 1500m above sea level. It is known that at high temperatures the gibberellin acid (GA) content in plants will increase, thus inhibiting tuber formation. The use of growth retardants such as paclobutrazol can inhibit GA biosynthesis so that it can stimulate tuber formation. In this study, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of paclobutrazol concentration on the initial formation of potato plant stolons by in vitro applied at different temperatures. The seeding stage was carried out on potato explants that had been kept for 4 weeks under 16 h of radiation. Paclobutrazol was given by pouring it into an explant bottle and keeping it in dark conditions at different temperatures for 8 weeks. From the results of the study, it is known that the application of paclobutrazol concentration and different temperatures affect the formation of micro tubers. where at a concentration of 3 ppm (P1) paclobutrazol was able to inhibit stolon elongation, stimulating subapical stolon and tuber swelling. The interactions between the application of paclobutrazol concentrations and different temperatures affected subapical stolon and tuber swelling.
Identification of morphological characters and kinship of coconut genotypes (Cocos nucifera L.) in Aceh Tamiang District, Aceh
Authors: Setiado H , Sinaga M A , Hanafiah D S , Damanik R I 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Coconut productivity in Indonesia was relatively low, whereas the potential for coconut production can reach 3–5 tons of copra/ha/yr. Collection of genetic material or sources of genetic diversity of coconuts that are indispensable to plant breeders. This research was conducted using a descriptive survey method based on books IPGRI (International Plant Genetic Resources Institute) coconut descriptor guide with sampling technique by accidental sampling. Cultivation of coconuts in Tenggulun, Seruway and Rantau Districts consists of land and yard coconut with monoculture or polyculture cropping patterns. The research conducted on 27 genotypes of coconut, which research showed that all of the genotype coconut identified were genotypes of coconut Dwarf. Morphological characterization results were found for canopy shape (round, half round, X-shaped silhouette, V-shaped), flowers (normal and still covered with leaf sheaths), fruit (oval, ovate, angled, round), shell (pointed, ovate almost spherical, oblate). From the 27 genotypes, there are genotypes that are good as a source of parents, namely AS26 with the character of heavy and thick flesh and AS4 with a large number of fruits.
The effect of banana humps size on the vegetative growth of dwarf banana seedling
Authors: Muhidin  , Nurmas A , Sadimantara G R , Pratama A E , Rakian T C , Sutariati G A K , Leomo S , Yusuf D N 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The aim of the study is to determine the effect of different hump size on banana seedling growth. The study carries out at the Agriculture Farm in Halu Oleo University. The study arranged in single-factor using randomized block design. The factor examined is the difference in the humps size, consists of (1) size 8cm x 8cm x 8cm, (2) size 10cm x 10cm x 10cm, and (3). Size and 12cm x 12cm x 12cm. The parameter observed were shoot height (cm), leaves number (strands) and stem (cm). The results showed that differences in humps size has affected on the vegetative banana growth. As large as the hump size, some vegetative characteristics are getting higher, such as for the shoot height (cm), number of leaves (strands) and stem circumference (cm). Based on the research, it concluded that the humps size affected the vegetative seedling growth of dwarf banana plants.
Environmental and Spatial Predictors of the Distribution Patterns of the Host-Seeking Black Fly, Simulium jenningsi (Diptera: Simuliidae)
Authors: Wilson-Ounekeo Rebecca C , Lamp William O 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Black flies are nuisance pests as adults, yet they are best managed in the larval stage in flowing waters. As a result, more effort is put into understanding the distribution of the immature life stages than the blood-seeking females that form nuisance. The seemingly localized nature of Simulium jenningsi Malloch (Diptera: Simuliidae) pest problems in western Maryland offered a study system to investigate the spatial and environmental correlates to their severity. Collections of adult black flies were taken at 260 sites within a 2,000 km2 region centered on Washington County, Maryland, during June, July, and August of 2 yr. Average S. jenningsi counts were greater in the June of both years compared to July and August. Although S. jenningsi was found at the majority of sampling sites, higher fly counts were significantly clustered in the southern portion of the county where the majority of resident complaints originated. A generalized linear mixed-model (GLMM) approach was used to determine the correlates to S. jenningsi abundance. The highest performing model showed a negative relationship of S. jenningsi counts with the amount of surrounding impervious surface, distance to the riffles along the confluence of the Shenandoah and Potomac Rivers, distance to the closest body of flowing water, and light intensity, as well as a positive relationship with elevation and air temperature. The results suggest S. jenningsi females are not readily found in urban environments in this study region, and the most relevant monitoring locations for S. jenningsi may be outside of human population centers.
Pain, Goal Engagement, and Eudemonic Well-Being: Moderation by Autonomous Motivation
Authors: Segerstrom Suzanne C , Monroe Addison D , Crofford Leslie J 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Pain may decrease well-being in older adults by limiting social and leisure activities. However, some activities can exacerbate pain. We hypothesized that autonomously motivated goal engagement could ameliorate negative effects of pain on goal engagement and amplify positive effects of goal engagement on eudemonic well-being (EWB).

Methods
Midlife and older women (N = 200) were oversampled for chronic pain. Daily diaries (n = 10,697) including goal lists and ratings, pain, and EWB were completed for 7 days every 3 months for 2 years.

Results
Pain was not a correlate of goal engagement. More engagement was associated with higher EWB when motivation was autonomous. However, more goal engagement correlated with lower EWB the next day and, when not autonomously motivated, higher pain.

Discussion
Goal engagement can benefit people with or without physical pain, but the motivation behind goal engagement is equally if not more important. Goals motivated by autonomous sources increase EWB and may protect against maladaptive patterns of activity associated with pain.
Leveling the Field Through Transnational Regulation
Authors: Parella Kishanthi 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
This paper identifies factors that may lead transnational companies to support transnational regulation in order to level the field between themselves and their rivals when they confront an uneven field produced by either public regulation or private governance. Transnational regulation offers these companies a means to reduce competitive losses by distributing compliance costs to rivals. Differential regulation is necessary but insufficient to result in corporate advocacy for an international agreement or other forms of transnational regulation. Instead, other factors influence the strength or weakness of those preferences for transnational regulation, such as (i) the extent of global footprint, (ii) the net gain or loss resulting from heightened compliance costs, (iii) targets and mechanisms for regulatory change, (iv) market participant profiles, (v) stakeholder characteristics, and (vi) a company’s susceptibility to private governance.
Effect of Different Wall Surface Coverage With Deltamethrin-Treated Netting on the Reduction of Indoor-Biting Anopheles Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Tainchum Krajana , Bangs Michael J , Sathantriphop Sunaiyana , Chareonviriyaphap Theeraphap 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Indoor residual spray with deltamethrin remains the most common tool for reducing malaria transmission in Thailand. Deltamethrin is commonly used to spray the entire inner surfaces of the walls to prevent mosquitoes from resting. This study compared the mosquito landing responses on humans inside three experimental huts treated with deltamethrin at three different extents of wall coverage (25%, 50%, and full coverage), with one clean/untreated hut serving as a control. There were no significant differences between the numbers of Anopheles mosquitoes landing in the 50% and full coverage huts, whereas, in comparison to both of these, there was a significantly greater number landing in the 25% coverage hut. This study demonstrates that varying the percent coverage of indoor surfaces with deltamethrin-treated netting influences the blood-feeding success of wild Anopheles, and our findings suggest that it may be possible to reduce the extent of insecticide surface treatment while maintaining equivalent mosquito avoidance action to that seen in fully treated structures.
How does the ZLB affect the properties of alternative exchange rate systems?
Authors: Balfoussia Hiona , Dellas Harris , Papageorgiou Dimitris , Vourvachaki Evangelia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We use a standard, two-country Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model with multiple shocks and a Taylor rule to study the effects of the Zero Lower Bound (ZLB) under alternative international monetary arrangements. Whether the ZLB constraint plays a stabilizing or destabilizing role depends on the exchange rate regime and the type of shock. Different shocks may favor different regimes, and the ZLB may lead to a reversal of the ranking of the regimes for some shocks, especially domestic ones. Notwithstanding such individual shock reversals, when considering the groups of external or domestic shocks or all shocks together in a typical economy that stochastically alternates between the ZLB and the non-ZLB states, we find that the introduction of a ZLB constraint does not by itself suffice to make policymakers rethink their choice of the exchange rate regime.
The Bible and the Dutch Empire
Authors: Stegeman Janneke 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Conversations on Dutch colonial heritage and its continuing influence are finally gaining momentum. It is important to also include the Bible and Christianity in the analyses. In this chapter, the role of Christian Scripture in the development of the ideology of Dutch colonialism, slavery, and Dutch national identity is explored. After the Dutch declared their independence over their Catholic Spanish rulers, the Republic as a Calvinist nation positioned itself within the biblical narrative. The Republic soon became a colonial power and colonial experiences, too, were understood through the framework of biblical interpretation. Existing supersessionist appropriations of biblical texts served as a model for colonial Christianity. The Dutch identified with biblical Israel. Initial worries that colonial activities and slave trade were against Scripture led to the development of a specific Calvinist defense of enslavement and colonialism. A central concern in the theological discussions on slavery and colonialism was Baptism. It was argued that all children in a Reformed household, including the enslaved, had to be given access to baptism. In the eyes of protestant Dutch slaveholders, being enslaved and being Christian became increasingly less compatible. As church authorities increasingly began to doubt the practice of baptism of enslaved people, baptism became an exclusive sacrament. Later however, an ideology of Christian slavery developed. In spite of decolonization, “genuine” Dutchness continues to be associated with Christianity and whiteness.
Administrative Justice in Authoritarian States
Authors: Ip Eric C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis chapter studies the institutions of administrative justice—administrative procedure, judicial review of administrative action, and administrative redress—in contemporary non-liberal democracies. It reviews the theoretical literature pertaining to administrative justice, with special emphasis on the principal-agent model. It examines two case studies of administrative justice, one national and one local, both from the People’s Republic of China, the world’s most populous authoritarian state: Mainland China and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. It reveals that authoritarian administrative justice is, at the end of the day, deeply paradoxical. Autonomous bureaucratic oversight mechanisms empower autocratic rulers to resolve agency problems through discovering information of maladministration, but remain permanently under the temptation to compromise the autonomy of administrative justice, so that the latter would never evolve into a threat to regime security.
Historical Approaches to Administrative Justice
Authors: Hickford Mark 
Published: June 2021

AbstractExamining historical approaches to ‘administrative justice’ is undoubtedly ambitious but enables researchers to become conscious of how a term of relatively recent currency, such as ‘administrative justice’, is problematic historically as a construct. Through emphasizing temporality and contingency, historical methods can illuminate dynamism and disruption across time in ‘administrative justice’ processes, techniques, and behaviours. In addition, as this chapter aims to show, a variety of methods can reveal how ‘administrative justice’, however conceived, can be situated contestably in broader contexts and life-cycles of human behaviour engaging diverse forums and processes (agencies, inquiries, litigation), norms, and cultures. Purely illustrative jurisdictions are selected but these chosen jurisdictions exemplify the nature of the historical task such that comparable challenges, themes, and advisory guidance would apply elsewhere.
Peace Psychology
Authors: Christie Daniel J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Peace psychology seeks to apply psychosocial principles to prevent and mitigate direct, structural, and cultural violence and promote harmony and equity in human relations. Two waves of peace psychology research and practice can be delineated. The first wave generated concepts, themes, and perspectives aimed at the prevention of nuclear war and mitigation of intractable conflicts characterized by repeated cycles of violence. The second wave enlarged the scope of peace psychology to include the amelioration of structural violence, the kind of violence that afflicts most of the world’s population and kills people slowly through the deprivation of life-extending human need satisfaction. The most recent iteration of the second wave addresses the cultural violence visited upon formerly colonized countries and calls for the development of theory and praxis informed by emancipatory methodologies.