bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unveiling shrouded oceans on temperate sub-Neptunes via transit signatures of solubility equilibria vs. gas thermochemistry
Authors: Hu Renyu , Damiano Mario , Scheucher Markus , Kite Edwin , Seager Sara , Rauer Heike 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The recent discovery and initial characterization of sub-Neptune-sized exoplanets that receive stellar irradiance of approximately Earth's raised the prospect of finding habitable planets in the coming decade. Some of these temperate planets may support liquid water oceans, if they do not have massive H2/He envelopes and are thus not too hot at the bottom of the envelopes. For planets larger than Earth, and especially planets in the 1.7-3.5 R_Earth population, the mass of the H2/He envelope is typically not sufficiently constrained to assess the potential habitability. Here we show that the solubility equilibria vs. thermochemistry of carbon and nitrogen gases results in observable discriminators between small H2 atmospheres vs. massive ones. On temperate sub-Neptunes, the condition to form a liquid-water ocean and that to achieve the thermochemical equilibrium are mutually exclusive. The dominant carbon and nitrogen gases are typically CH4 and NH3 due to thermochemical recycling in a massive atmosphere of a temperate planet, and those in a small atmosphere overlying a liquid-water ocean are most likely CO2 and N2, followed by CO and CH4 produced photochemically. NH3 is depleted in the small atmosphere by dissolution into the liquid-water ocean. These gases lead to distinctive features in the planet's transmission spectrum, and a moderate number of repeated transit observations with the James Webb Space Telescope should readily tell apart a small atmosphere vs. a massive one via these spectral features on planets like K2-18 b. This method thus provides a way to use near-term facilities to constrain the atmospheric mass and habitability of temperate sub-Neptune exoplanets.
Nurses’ Attitudes Towards Their Job in Outpatient HIV Facilities in Namibia: A Qualitative Descriptive Study
Authors: Adynski Gillian I , Leeman Jennifer , Adynski Harry , Ledford Alasia , McQuide Pamela , Bock Ria , Tjituka Francina , Jones Cheryl 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Nurse attitudes such as job satisfaction and burnout affect nurses’ ability to do their job well. Positive nurse attitudes have been associated with better patient outcomes, while negative job attitudes have been associated with increased nurse turnover and negative patient outcomes. The Job Demand Resource Model theorized that job attitude mediates the relationship between a job’s demands and resources and organizational outcomes. In Namibia’s outlying located hospitals, health centers and clinics, nurses are key prescribers and managers of antiretroviral therapy. It is vital to understand nurses’ job attitudes, factors that contribute to nurses’ job attitudes and how nurses perceive the impact of their job attitudes, in order to best understand how policy makers can empower nurses to do their jobs well. This paper seeks to examine: 1) factors that contribute to nurses’ job attitudes, and 2) how nurses’ job attitudes affect their ability to do their jobs well.
Methods
This study is a qualitative descriptive study of 18 semi-structured interviews with nurses working in outlying located hospitals, health centers, and clinics in northern Namibia. Interviews were analyzed using directed content analysis, with codes derived from the Job Demand Resource Model.
Results
Job factors that influence job attitudes included support from coworkers, workload, access to material resources, access to information, and patient rapport. Personal resilience factors included spirituality and emotional awareness. Patient outcomes were reported to shape nurses’ job attitudes by increasing the drive to learn more at work, improve patients’ satisfaction, decrease mistakes, decrease peer conflicts, increase the drive to coach patients on medication adherence, increase focus while at work, and decrease missed nursing care.
Conclusions
This study’s finding support the importance of investing in factors that promote positive nurse attitudes such as making investments when feasible in human resources (improving support form coworkers), providing material resources, facilitating positive patient relations, and supporting nurses by providing opportunities to increase their knowledge. This study also highlights the importance of nurse resilience against negative job attitudes, coming from intrinsic factors amongst nurses helping them to deal with stress at work.
Effect of Droplet Transition on the Dynamic Behavior of the Keyhole during 6061 Aluminum Alloy Laser-MIG Hybrid Welding
Authors: Li Yue , Zhao Yanqiu , Zhou Xudong , Zhan Xiaohong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The simulation method in laser-MIG hybrid welding, which involves two heat sources and multiple welding parameters, is beneficial to reveal the complex physical phenomena and dynamic behavior of molten pool keyhole during welding process. In this investigation, laser-MIG hybrid welding for 6-mm-thick 6061 aluminum alloy was performed under different heat input by the high-power disc laser, MIG welding system and KUKA Robot. The high-speed camera system was used to observe the droplet transition phenomenon in the welding process. Besides, a thermal-fluid coupling model was established to simulate the temperature field and flow field, which were changed by the droplet transfer during laser-MIG hybrid welding. The experimental and simulated results showed that the droplet transition behavior affected the formation of the keyhole. The keyhole was the smallest when the droplet contacted the molten pool. In addition, the droplet transition brought external momentum and energy to the molten pool, which was conducive to the increase of the flow rate of the molten pool.
Investigation of the Factors Affecting Quality of Life in Patients with Mild to Moderate Alzheimer's Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study from Turkey
Authors: Felekoğlu Elvan , ÖZALEVLİ Sevgi , YAKUT Hazal , AKTAN Rıdvan , YENER Görsev 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

Like other chronic diseases with limited medical treatment, the most important goal of Alzheimer’s disease rehabilitation is to provide a better quality of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the quality of life of the patients with Alzheimer's Disease (according to parts of the Quality of Life in Alzheimer’ Disease Questionnaire: patient, proxy and total score).
Methods

In this cross-sectional study, 73 home-dwelling patients with Alzheimer's Disease and their caregivers were recruited. Cognition, depression and Quality of Life in Alzheimer’ Disease -self rating were asked to the patient. The caregiver was asked about patient’s sociodemographic information, sleepiness, activities of daily living and Quality of Life in Alzheimer’ Disease -proxy rating.
Results

The Quality of Life in Alzheimer’ Disease -self rating were higher than the Quality of Life in Alzheimer’ Disease -proxy rating. Cognition (p = 0.02), sleepiness (p < 0.01) and depression (p = 0.03) were correlated with the Quality of Life in Alzheimer’ Disease -self rating, while the independence level of the patient in activities of daily living was correlated to the Quality of Life in Alzheimer’ Disease -proxy rating (p < 0.05). Predicting quality of life according to linear regression analysis those were statistically significant in respectively; depression is for Quality of Life in Alzheimer’ Disease, depression and cognition were for Quality of Life in Alzheimer’ Disease -self rating and instrumental activities of daily living was for QoL-AD-PR (p < 0.01).
Conclusion

While subjective situations such as psychology is important for the patients with Alzheimer's Disease, objective conditions such as the independence of the patient’s in daily life activities are important for the caregiver. While evaluating the quality of life, both the evaluations of the patients with Alzheimer's Disease and the caregiver should be applied, because different things are prioritized by them and priorities of both should be taken into account when planning the treatment program.
Potential Diagnostic and Therapeutic Targets for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on Exosome-Derived Competitive Endogenous RNA Network
Authors: Tian Yuan , Yang Dongliang , Wang Tieshan , Bu He , Wu JinBao , Zhang Wei , Jian Shengbo , Zhang Li 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most malignant tumors in the world. The pathogenesis of HCC is complex and closely related to chronic uncontrollable inflammation. As a bridge between inflammation and cancer, circulating exosomes play a vital role in early tumorigenesis, metastasis, and immune escape. Studies have shown that exosomes containing specific RNAs may be potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for HCC. Purpose The current research investigated key circRNA through exosome-derived competitive endogenous RNA network based on the ExoRBase database. Methods: The circRNA, lncRNA, and mRNA expression profiles of human blood samples were downloaded from the ExoRBase database. At the standard of P<0.05 and log FC>0, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were further identified between normal human and HCC patients. The co-expressed pairs of DEGs were predicted by TargetScan, miRcode, and StarBase databases. The ceRNA network was constructed by Cytoscape software. Subsequently, target genes corresponding to circRNA in the ceRNA network were annotated and analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG). The potential transcription factors were screened by FunRich database. Results: At the criterion of P<0.05 and log FC>0, 13 differentially expressed circRNAs(DECs) were identified with 9 up-regulated and 4 down-regulated. The co-expressed differentially expressed miRNAs-mRNAs (DEMis-DEMs) (620 pairs), differentially expressed miRNAs- LncRNAs (DEMis-DElncRNA) (684 pairs) and DEMis-DECs (53 pairs) were finally predicted to construct the ceRNA network. The GO analysis indicated that target genes in the ceRNA network were mainly enriched in the molecular function of protein serine/threonine kinase activity. KEGG pathway analysis suggested target genes were enriched in two pathways of MAPK and central carbon metabolism. Conclusion: The study provides a valuable reference for HCC through the ceRNA network in exosomes. Besides, hsa_circ_0000284 may be potential diagnostic markers of HCC.
The Whole Genome Sequence of a Novel Chrysovirus From Beauveria Bassiana Vuillemin, an Entomopathogenic Fungus
Authors: Li Le , Kang Qin , Zhang Song-Bai , Hai Du , Lu Yang , Sui Li , Li Qiyun , Zhang Zheng-kun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Beauveria bassiana, an entomopathogenic fungus, has a wide host range and is used for arthropod pest control worldwide. Here, we report the discovery and characterization of a novel double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) mycovirus Beauveria bassiana chrysovirus 2 (BbCV2), isolated from the B. bassiana from China. The genome of the virus was determined by metagenomic sequencing, RT-PCR, and RACE cloning comprises four dsRNA segments that are 3441bp, 2779bp, 2925bp, and 2688bp long, respectively, each of them contains a single ORF, the first one (ORF1) encoding a 1115-amino-acid-long protein (122.65 kDa) with a conserved RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) motif, its sequences showed the highest identity of only 16.13% to that of the Beauveria bassiana chrysovirus 1. The second ORF (ORF-2) encoding a 807-amino-acid-long coat protein (CP) (88.77 kDa). The virus constitutes a new member of the chrysoviridea family from B. bassiana.
The Role of Nanoliposomal Irinotecan Plus Fluorouracil and Folinic Acid as Second-Line Treatment Option in Patients With Metastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Park Se Jun , Kim Hyunho , Shin Kabsoo , Hong Tae Ho , Suh Ja Hee , Lee MyungAh 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAccording to the NAPOLI-1 trial, nanoliposomal irinotecan (nal-IRI) plus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin (5-FU/LV) showed improved overall survival compared to fluorouracil alone for patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer who previously treated gemcitabine-based therapy. In that trial, Asian patients had frequent dose modification due to hematological toxicity. There has been limited information on the clinical benefit and toxicity of this regimen in a real-world setting. Herein, we assessed real-world experience of nal-IRI plus 5-FU/LV in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer after gemcitabine failure.MethodsWe conducted a single institution retrospective analysis of response, survival and safety in patients who had been treated with nal-IRI with 5-FU/LV. Patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma previously treated with gemcitabine-based therapy received nal-IRI (80mg/m2) with 5-FU/LV every 2 weeks. ResultsFifty-one patients received nal-IRI plus 5-FU/LV between January 2015 and December 2020. The median age was 67 years, and males were 58.8%. A total of 40 (78.4%) and 11 (21.6%) patients had received one and two lines of prior chemotherapy before enrollment, respectively. Median progression-free survival was 2.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.8-3.7) and median overall survival was 7.0 months (95% CI 6.0-7.9). Chemotherapy doses were reduced or delayed in 33 (64.7%) patients during the first 6 weeks and median relative dose intensity was 0.87. Thirty-six (70.6%) patients experienced any grade 3 or 4 adverse events. Most common grade 3 or 4 adverse event was neutropenia (58.8%) and most non-hematologic adverse events were under grade 2. Since the start of first-line chemotherapy, median overall survival was 16.3 months (95% CI 14.1-18.4).ConclusionsNal-IRI plus 5-FU/LV seems to be effective, with manageable toxicities, after gemcitabine-based treatment in patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Trial registration Retrospectively registered
Drug-Induced Liver Injury Associated with Lopinavir- Ritonavir in Patients with COVID-19: A Disproportionality Analysis of U.S. Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) Data
Authors: Tang Huilin , Zhou Liyuan , Li Xiaotong , Kinlaw Alan C , Yang Jeff Y , Moon Andrew M , Barnes Edward L , Wang Tiansheng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Liver injury has been documented independently in novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and patients treated with lopinavir-ritonavir.
Objective
to investigate the drug-induced liver injury associated with lopinavir-ritonavir among the patients with COVID-19.
Methods
We conducted a disproportionality analysis of US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) between 2020Q1 and 2020Q3 to evaluate the association between lopinavir-ritonavir and risk of drug-induced liver injury (or severe drug-induced liver injury) and calculated their reporting odds ratios (RORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results
A total of 1,754 reports of drug-induced liver injury in patients with COVID-19. The ROR for drug-induced liver injury was 1.4 (95% CI, 1.1–1.7), 3.6 (95% CI, 2.7–4.7), and 0.8 (95% CI, 0.7-1.0) when comparing lopinavir-ritonavir with all other drugs, hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine only, and remdesivir, respectively. For severe drug-induced liver injury, RORs for lopinavir-ritonavir provided evidence of an association compared with all other drugs (ROR, 4.9; 95% CI, 3.7–6.5), compared with hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine only (ROR, 4.3; 95% CI, 3.0-6.2), and compared with remdesivir (ROR, 10.4; 95% CI, 7.2–15.0).
Conclusions
In the FAERS, we observed a disproportional signal for severe drug-induced liver injury associated with lopinavir-ritonavir in patients with COVID-19.
Purinergic P2X7 receptor antagonist ameliorates intestinal inflammation in postoperative ileus
Authors: Kimura Hitomi , Yamazaki Takako , Mihara Taiki , Kaji Noriyuki , Hori Masatoshi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Postoperative ileus (POI) is gastrointestinal motility dysfunction after abdominal surgery caused by mechanical stress to intestine. It occurs nausea and vomiting, and lead to lower QOL during hospitalization for patients. It is regarded as a problem because it costs medical expenses due to long hospitalization. The intestinal inflammation caused by macrophage and neutrophil is thought to be important of the mechanism of POI. In tissue injury or inflammation, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is released from injured cell. Purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is expressed on inflammatory cells and ATP induces the secretion of inflammatory mediators through P2X7R. P2X7R antagonist is thought to be important in the first step of inflammation, and it is confirmed that P2X7R antagonist showed anti-inflammatory effects in chemically-induced colitis models. Therefore, we hypothesized that P2X7R has important function in POI and examined the effect of P2X7R antagonist in mouse POI model. As a result, P2X7R antagonist A438079 ameliorated macrophage and neutrophil infiltration in POI. The impairment of intestinal transit was improved by P2X7R antagonist. It tended to ameliorate the increase of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA expression in intestinal muscularis caused by POI. P2X7R expressed on both infiltrated and resident macrophages in the inflamed ileal muscle layer. In conclusion, P2X7R antagonist showed the anti-inflammatory effect through P2X7R on macrophages, and it may be the target to treat POI.
Per-Covid-19: A Benchmark Database For Covid-19 Percentage Prediction From CT-scans
Authors: Bougourzi Fares , Distante Cosimo , Abdelkrim Ouafi , Dornaika Fadi , Hadid Abdenour , Taleb-Ahmed Abdelmalik 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Covid-19 infection recognition is very important step in the fighting against the new pandemic Covid-19. In fact, many methods have been used to recognize the Covid-19 infection including Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), X-ray scan and CT-scan. In addition to the recognition of the Covid-19 infection, CT-scans can provide more important information about the evolution of this disease and its severity. With the extensive number of Covid-19 infections, estimating the Covid-19 percentage can help the intensive care to free up the resuscitation beds for the critical cases and follow other protocol for less severity cases. In this paper, we propose Covid-19 percentage estimation database. Moreover, we evaluate the performance of three Covolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures which are ResneXt-50, Densenet-161 and Inception-v3. For the three CNN architectures, we use two loss functions which are MSE and Dynamic Huber. In addition, two pretrained scenarios are investigated (ImageNet pretrained models and X-ray pretrained models). The evaluated approaches achieved promising results, where Inception-v3 with using Dynamic Huber loss function and X-ray pretrained model achieved the best performance.
Consideration of Trade-offs Regarding COVID-19 Containment Measures in the United States
Authors: Rebeira Mayvis , Nauenberg Eric 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: The economic stimulus package in the United States, which totalled $2.48 trillion, was designed to soften the economic impact of sweeping containment measures including shelter-in-place orders that were put in place to control the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: In healthcare, interventions are rarely justified simply in terms of the number of lives saved but also in terms of a myriad of other trade-off factors including value-for-money or cost-effectiveness. Cost-effectiveness analysis was therefore conducted as the cost per life-year gained (Cost/LYG) from the containment measures adopted based on several different projections of the baseline number of deaths in the absence of any containment measures. Reductions in premature mortality due to the shutdown (i.e. the difference between years of life lost relative to life expectancy under the shutdown and no shutdown scenarios) were used to calculate changes in health status. Given that men and women have different life expectancies, the analysis calculates premature mortality for men and women by age bracket. Results: The results showed seven different scenarios that reflect different death projections. It showed that as the projected number of deaths increases, the cost-effectiveness of the containment measures becomes more favourable i.e. providing better value-for money for US taxpayers. Cost-effectiveness ranged from $180,874 per life-year-gained for the high-end projection to $4,258,780 per life-year gained for the low-end death projection estimate.Conclusion: Incremental costs per life-year gained related to the economic shutdown can span a wide range depending on the baseline number of deaths in the absence of any containment measures. The results show that in the US, under no scenario for life-years gained does the stimulus package compare favourably to other healthcare interventions that have had favourable cost-effectiveness profiles. However, when comparing value-of-statistical-life-year (VSLY) threshold measures used in other sectors, it is plausible that the U.S. stimulus package could be viewed more favourably from a cost-effectiveness perspective. Given the wide-ranging impacts that COVID-19 has had on American life, it would seem that the comparison should be made to experiences in multiple sectors and on this basis, it appears that the shutdown is likely to represent good value-for-money.
Performance Analysis of Double Gate Dielectric Modulation In Schottky FET As Biomolecule Sensor
Authors: Kumar Prasahanth 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this article, a charge-plasma (CP)-based double gate schottky barrier FET structure has been investigated using dielectric controlled biomolecule sensor. The use of Hafnium as a charge plasma at the source side encourages an n+ charge plasma in an un-doped silicon region, which expressively decreases the Schottky barrier thickness. The oxide below the Metal gate M1 and M2 is etched out to create nanogap openings for biomolecule finding. Here, the existence of molecules is categorized by the modification in oxide material inside the nanogap and the related charge densities, hence, to controls the tunneling thickness at the Metal-source-silicon channel interface, also with the help of plasma charges in an intrinsic-Si film. This paper is mainly focused on the fundamental physics of the proposed structure and approximations of their relative sensitivity detecting enactment. The sensing enactment has been assessed for charged biomolecules and charge-neutral biomolecules by widespread device simulation, and the special properties of the biomolecule. The proposed device improves its control over the tunneling region and this has been used for the sensing, ensuing to larger on-state drain current (Ids) sensitivity for biomolecule. Hence, the gate voltage is recognised as the active design parameters for efficient reduction. Moreover, the sensing of the SB FET-based biosensor threshold voltage (Vth), abnormality in the on-current (Ion), and Ion/Ioff ratio has been shown. Also, the charge-plasma (CP)-based double gate schottky barrier FET simulations calibrated with experimental results. Hence, the relative change in Ion using charge-plasma (CP)-based double gate schottky barrier FET biosensor maintain improved detecting ability for biomolecule recognition.