bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Quantification of Pharmacologically Active Alkaloid Metabolites Colchicine and Gloriosine in Gloriosa Superba L. collected from Western Ghats (India) and Adjoining Areas for the Identification of Elite Chemotype(s)
Authors: Misra Ankita , Chaudhary Mridul Kant , Shukla Pushpendra , Srivastava Sharad 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Gloriosa superba is a valuable Ayurvedic medicinal plant and is in high demand in the world market for its colchicine content, which is used to treat gout.

Objective
The study aims (1) to record the metabolic variations in major bioactive metabolites, colchicine and gloriosine, in the natural populations of G. superba from Western Ghats and adjoining areas in India and (2) to develop HPTLC protocol for the identification of elite chemotypes of species and regulation of quality raw material, extract, and finished material.

Method
Simultaneous quantification of colchicine and gloriosine in 22 natural populations through validated HPTLC as per ICH guidelines.

Results
Colchicine and gloriosine were identified at Rf 0.51 ± 0.03 and 0.41 ± 0.05 and the content varied from 0.021 to 0.86% and 0.003 to 0.198%. The method was found linear at a concentration range of 0.1–0.7 µg/spot, and LOD (3.3 σ/S) and LOQ (10 σ/S) was 0.71 and 2.16 µg/spot. The method was precise in the concentration range of 100–300 ng/spot, with 98.29% and 101.12% recovery (% RSD) for colchicine and gloriosine. Subsequently, four elite chemotypes were identified based on cluster analysis of metabolite content.

Conclusion
The developed HPTLC method is linear, accurate, precise, and robust for simultaneous quantification of colchicine and gloriosine metabolite(s). Intraspecific metabolic variation was significant among the collected population, leading to the identification of four elite chemotypes.

Highlights
Colchicine is an industrially viable metabolite and is therefore quintessential to the development of an economical and analytical method to regulate the quality of raw material, extract, and finished products.
Genomic selection in American mink (Neovison vison) using a single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction model for size and quality traits graded on live mink
Authors: Villumsen Trine M , Su Guosheng , Guldbrandtsen Bernt , Asp Torben , Lund Mogens S 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGenomic selection relies on single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which are often collected using medium-density SNP arrays. In mink, no such array is available; instead, genotyping by sequencing (GBS) can be used to generate marker information. Here, we evaluated the effect of genomic selection for mink using GBS. We compared the estimated breeding values (EBVs) from single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (SSGBLUP) models to the EBV from ordinary pedigree-based BLUP models. We analyzed seven size and quality traits from the live grading of brown mink. The phenotype data consisted of ~20,600 records for the seven traits from the mink born between 2013 and 2016. Genotype data included 2,103 mink born between 2010 and 2014, mostly breeding animals. In total, 28,336 SNP markers from 391 scaffolds were available for genomic prediction. The pedigree file included 29,212 mink. The predictive ability was assessed by the correlation (r) between progeny trait deviation (PTD) and EBV, and the regression of PTD on EBV, using 5-fold cross-validation. For each fold, one-fifth of animals born in 2014 formed the validation set. For all traits, the SSGBLUP model resulted in higher accuracies than the BLUP model. The average increase in accuracy was 15% (between 3% for fur clarity and 28% for body weight). For three traits (body weight, silky appearance of the under wool, and guard hair thickness), the difference in r between the two models was significant (P &lt; 0.05). For all traits, the regression slopes of PTD on EBV from SSGBLUP models were closer to 1 than regression slopes from BLUP models, indicating SSGBLUP models resulted in less bias of EBV for selection candidates than the BLUP models. However, the regression coefficients did not differ significantly. In conclusion, the SSGBLUP model is superior to conventional BLUP model in the accurate selection of superior animals, and, thus, it would increase genetic gain in a selective breeding program. In addition, this study shows that GBS data work well in genomic prediction in mink, demonstrating the potential of GBS for genomic selection in livestock species.
Experiences and Perspectives on Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Management in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Njuguna Elizabeth , Nethononda Phophi , Maredia Karim , Mbabazi Ruth , Kachapulula Paul , Rowe Arielle , Ndolo Dennis 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
It has been over five years since the first report of an outbreak of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Africa. The highly invasive pest, native to the Americas, has since spread across the African continent attacking many crops and causing significant yield loss to Africa’s staple crop, maize. From the onset of the outbreak, there have been massive and varied responses from farmers, governments and nongovernmental organizations. This mini-review provides various perspectives on S. frugiperda control in sub-Saharan Africa, building on previously published evidence, and experiences of the authors. It also highlights new technologies and lessons learned so far from the S. frugiperda outbreaks in sub-Saharan Africa, based on which suggestions on possible integrated management approaches are proffered.
Response to Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole in a Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipient With Disseminated Toxoplasmosis: A Case Report
Authors: Khan Aslam , Schwenk Hayden T , Kohlman Krystal , Bertaina Alice , Cho Stephanie , Montoya Jose G , Contopoulos-Ioannidis Despina 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We describe the presentation and treatment of a patient who developed ongoing fever and diagnosed with disseminated toxoplasmosis post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. He was initially treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) and there was dramatic improvement in his fever curve. He successfully completed a modified course of therapy.
Activity of the first interstellar comet 2I/Borisov around perihelion: results from Indian observatories
Authors: Aravind K , Ganesh Shashikiran , Venkataramani Kumar , Sahu Devendra , Angchuk Dorje , Sivarani Thirupathi , Unni Athira 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Comet 2I/Borisov is the first true interstellar comet discovered. Here, we present results from observational programs at two Indian observatories, 2 m Himalayan Chandra Telescope at the Indian Astronomical Observatory, Hanle (HCT) and 1.2 m telescope at the Mount Abu Infrared Observatory (MIRO). Two epochs of imaging and spectroscopy were carried out at the HCT and three epochs of imaging at MIRO. We found CN to be the dominant molecular emission on both epochs, 2019 November 30 and December 22, at distances of rH = 2.013 and 2.031 au, respectively. The comet was inferred to be relatively depleted in Carbon bearing molecules on the basis of low C2 and C3 abundances. We find the production rate ratio, Q(C2)/Q(CN) = 0.54 ± 0.18, pre-perihelion and Q(C2)/Q(CN) = 0.34 ± 0.12 post-perihelion. This classifies the comet as being moderately depleted in carbon chain molecules. Using the results from spectroscopic observations, we believe the comet to have a chemically heterogeneous surface having variation in abundance of carbon chain molecules. From imaging observations, we infer a dust-to-gas ratio similar to carbon chain depleted comets of the Solar system. We also compute the nucleus size to be in the range 0.18 km ≤ r ≤ 3.1 km. Our observations show that 2I/Borisov’s behaviour is analogous to that of the Solar system comets.
Giant molecular cloud catalogues for PHANGS-ALMA: methods and initial results
Authors: Rosolowsky Erik , Hughes Annie , Leroy Adam K , Sun Jiayi , Querejeta Miguel , Schruba Andreas , Usero Antonio , Herrera Cinthya N , Liu Daizhong , Pety Jérôme , Saito Toshiki , Bešlić Ivana , Bigiel Frank , Blanc Guillermo , Chevance Mélanie , Dale Daniel A , Deger Sinan , Faesi Christopher M , Glover Simon C O , Henshaw Jonathan D , Klessen Ralf S , Kruijssen J M Diederik , Larson Kirsten , Lee Janice , Meidt Sharon , Mok Angus , Schinnerer Eva , Thilker David A , Williams Thomas G 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTWe present improved methods for segmenting CO emission from galaxies into individual molecular clouds, providing an update to the cprops algorithms presented by Rosolowsky & Leroy. The new code enables both homogenization of the noise and spatial resolution among data, which allows for rigorous comparative analysis. The code also models the completeness of the data via false source injection and includes an updated segmentation approach to better deal with blended emission. These improved algorithms are implemented in a publicly available Python package, pycprops. We apply these methods to 10 of the nearest galaxies in the PHANGS-ALMA survey, cataloguing CO emission at a common 90 pc resolution and a matched noise level. We measure the properties of 4986 individual clouds identified in these targets. We investigate the scaling relations among cloud properties and the cloud mass distributions in each galaxy. The physical properties of clouds vary among galaxies, both as a function of galactocentric radius and as a function of dynamical environment. Overall, the clouds in our target galaxies are well-described by approximate energy equipartition, although clouds in stellar bars and galaxy centres show elevated line widths and virial parameters. The mass distribution of clouds in spiral arms has a typical mass scale that is 2.5× larger than interarm clouds and spiral arms clouds show slightly lower median virial parameters compared to interarm clouds (1.2 versus 1.4).
The infancy of core-collapse supernova remnants
Authors: Gabler Michael , Wongwathanarat Annop , Janka Hans-Thomas 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
We present 3D hydrodynamic simulations of neutrino-driven supernovae (SNe) with the Prometheus-HotB code, evolving the asymmetrically expanding ejecta from shock breakout until they reach the homologous expansion phase after roughly one year. Our calculations continue the simulations for two red supergiant and two blue supergiant progenitors by Wongwathanarat et al., who investigated the growth of explosion asymmetries produced by hydrodynamic instabilities during the first second of the explosion and their later fragmentation by Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities. We focus on the late time acceleration and inflation of the ejecta caused by the heating due to the radioactive decay of 56Ni to 56Fe and by a new outward-moving shock, which forms when the reverse shock from the He/H-shell interface compresses the central part of the ejecta. The mean velocities of the iron-rich ejecta increase between 100 and 350 km s−1 (∼8–30 per cent), and the fastest 1 per cent of the iron accelerates by up to ∼1000 km s−1 (∼20–25 per cent). This ‘Ni-bubble effect’, known from 1D models, accelerates the bulk of the nickel in our 3D models and causes an inflation of the initially overdense Ni-rich clumps, which leads to underdense, extended fingers, enveloped by overdense skins of compressed surrounding matter. We also provide volume and surface filling factors as well as a spherical harmonics analysis to characterize the spectrum of Ni-clump sizes quantitatively. Three of our four models give volume filling factors larger than 0.3, consistent with what is suggested for SN 1987A by observations.
The MOSDEF survey: a comprehensive analysis of the rest-optical emission-line properties of z ∼ 2.3 star-forming galaxies
Authors: Runco Jordan N , Shapley Alice E , Sanders Ryan L , Topping Michael W , Kriek Mariska , Reddy Naveen A , Coil Alison L , Mobasher Bahram , Siana Brian , Freeman William R , Shivaei Irene , Azadi Mojegan , Price Sedona H , Leung Gene C K , Fetherolf Tara , de Groot Laura , Zick Tom , Fornasini Francesca M , Barro Guillermo 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
We analyse the rest-optical emission-line spectra of z ∼ 2.3 star-forming galaxies in the complete MOSFIRE Deep Evolution Field (MOSDEF) survey. In investigating the origin of the well-known offset between the sequences of high-redshift and local galaxies in the [O iii]λ5008/Hβ versus [N ii]λ6585/Hα (‘[N ii] BPT’) diagram, we define two populations of z ∼ 2.3 MOSDEF galaxies. These include the high population that is offset towards higher [O iii]λ5008/Hβ and/or [N ii]λ6585/Hα with respect to the local SDSS sequence and the low population that overlaps the SDSS sequence. These two groups are also segregated within the [O  iii]λ5008/Hβ versus [S ii]λλ6718,6733/Hα and the [O iii]λλ4960,5008/[O ii ]λλ3727,3730 (O32) versus ([O  iii]λλ4960,5008+[O ii]λλ3727,3730)/Hβ (R23) diagrams, which suggests qualitatively that star-forming regions in the more offset galaxies are characterized by harder ionizing spectra at fixed nebular oxygen abundance. We also investigate many galaxy properties of the split sample and find that the high sample is on average smaller in size and less massive, but has higher specific star formation rate (SFR) and SFR surface density values and is slightly younger compared to the low population. From Cloudy+BPASS photoionization models, we estimate that the high population has a lower stellar metallicity (i.e. harder ionizing spectrum) but slightly higher nebular metallicity and higher ionization parameter compared to the low population. While the high population is more α-enhanced (i.e. higher α/Fe) than the low population, both samples are significantly more α-enhanced compared to local star-forming galaxies with similar rest-optical line ratios. These differences must be accounted for in all high-redshift star-forming galaxies – not only those ‘offset’ from local excitation sequences.
Adaptive modelling of variably saturated seepage problems
Authors: Ashby B , Bortolozo C , Lukyanov A , Pryer T 
Published: January 2021

Summary
In this article, we present a goal-oriented adaptive finite element method for a class of subsurface flow problems in porous media, which exhibit seepage faces. We focus on a representative case of the steady state flows governed by a nonlinear Darcy–Buckingham law with physical constraints on subsurface-atmosphere boundaries. This leads to the formulation of the problem as a variational inequality. The solutions to this problem are investigated using an adaptive finite element method based on a dual-weighted a posteriori error estimate, derived with the aim of reducing error in a specific target quantity. The quantity of interest is chosen as volumetric water flux across the seepage face, and therefore depends on an a priori unknown free boundary. We apply our method to challenging numerical examples as well as specific case studies, from which this research originates, illustrating the major difficulties that arise in practical situations. We summarise extensive numerical results that clearly demonstrate the designed method produces rapid error reduction measured against the number of degrees of freedom.
The effect of chronic intermittent hypoxia in cardiovascular gene expression is modulated by age in a mice model of sleep apnea
Authors: Castro-Grattoni Anabel L , Suarez-Giron Monique , Benitez Ivan , Tecchia Lourdes , Torres Marta , Almendros Isaac , Farre Ramon , Targa Adriano , Montserrat Josep M , Dalmases Mireia , Barbé Ferran , Gozal David , Sánchez-de-la-Torre Manuel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractStudy ObjectivesChronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is a major determinant in obstructive sleep apnea cardiovascular morbidity and this effect is influenced by age. The objective of the present study was to assess the differential molecular mechanisms at gene-level expression involved in the cardiovascular remodeling induced by CIH according to chronological age.MethodsTwo- and 18-month-old mice (N = 8 each) were subjected to CIH or normoxia for 8 weeks. Total messenger RNA (mRNA) was extracted from left ventricle myocardium and aortic arch, and gene expression of 46 intermediaries of aging, oxidative stress, and inflammation was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsCardiac gene expression of Nrf2 (2.05-fold increase, p &lt; 0.001), Sod2 (1.9-fold increase, p = 0.035), Igf1r (1.4-fold increase, p = 0.028), Mtor (1.8-fold increase, p = 0.06), Foxo3 (1.5-fold increase, p = 0.020), Sirt4, Sirt6, and Sirt7 (1.3-fold increase, p = 0.012; 1.1-fold change, p = 0.031; 1.3-fold change, p = 0.029) was increased after CIH in young mice, but not in old mice. In aortic tissue, endothelial isoform of nitric oxide synthase was reduced in young mice (p &lt; 0.001), Nrf2 was reduced in 80% (p &lt; 0.001) in young mice and 45% (p = 0.07) in old mice, as its downstream antioxidant target Sod2 (82% reduced, p &lt; 0.001). IL33ConclusionsCIH effect in gene expression is organ-dependent, and is modulated by age. CIH increased transcriptional expression of genes involved in cardioprotection and cell survival in young, but not in old mice. In aortic tissue, CIH reduced gene expression related to an antioxidant response in both young and old mice, suggesting vascular oxidative stress and a proaging process.
Intravenous versus Volatile Anesthetic Effects on Postoperative Cognition in Elderly Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Li Yujuan , Chen Dongtai , Wang Hanbing , Wang Zhi , Song Furong , Li Hui , Ling Li , Shen Zhiwen , Hu Chuwen , Peng Jun , Li Weixing , Xing Wei , Pan Jiahao , Liang Hua , Zhou Qiaoling , Cai Jun , He Ziqing , Peng Shuling , Zeng Weian , Zuo Zhiyi 
Published: January 2021

Background
Delayed neurocognitive recovery after surgery is associated with poor outcome. Most surgeries require general anesthesia, of which sevoflurane and propofol are the most commonly used inhalational and intravenous anesthetics. The authors tested the primary hypothesis that patients with laparoscopic abdominal surgery under propofol-based anesthesia have a lower incidence of delayed neurocognitive recovery than patients under sevoflurane-based anesthesia. A second hypothesis is that there were blood biomarkers for predicting delayed neurocognitive recovery to occur.

Methods
A randomized, double-blind, parallel, controlled study was performed at four hospitals in China. Elderly patients (60 yr and older) undergoing laparoscopic abdominal surgery that was likely longer than 2 h were randomized to a propofol- or sevoflurane-based regimen to maintain general anesthesia. A minimum of 221 patients was planned for each group to detect a one-third decrease in delayed neurocognitive recovery incidence in propofol group compared with sevoflurane group. The primary outcome was delayed neurocognitive recovery incidence 5 to 7 days after surgery.

Results
A total of 544 patients were enrolled, with 272 patients in each group. Of these patients, 226 in the propofol group and 221 in the sevoflurane group completed the needed neuropsychological tests for diagnosing delayed neurocognitive recovery, and 46 (20.8%) in the sevoflurane group and 38 (16.8%) in the propofol group met the criteria for delayed neurocognitive recovery (odds ratio, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.48 to 1.24; P = 0.279). A high blood interleukin-6 concentration at 1 h after skin incision was associated with an increased likelihood of delayed neurocognitive recovery (odds ratio, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.07; P = 0.007). Adverse event incidences were similar in both groups.

Conclusions
Anesthetic choice between propofol and sevoflurane did not appear to affect the incidence of delayed neurocognitive recovery 5 to 7 days after laparoscopic abdominal surgery. A high blood interleukin-6 concentration after surgical incision may be an independent risk factor for delayed neurocognitive recovery.

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Greater Fibrinolysis Resistance but No Greater Platelet Aggregation in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Heinz Christoph , Miesbach Wolfgang , Herrmann Eva , Sonntagbauer Michael , Raimann Florian J. , Zacharowski Kai , Weber Christian F. , Adam Elisabeth H. 
Published: January 2021

Background
The hemostatic balance in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) seems to be shifted toward a hypercoagulable state. The aim of the current study was to assess the associated coagulation alterations by point-of-care-diagnostics, focusing on details of clot formation and lysis in these severely affected patients.

Methods
The authors’ prospective monocentric observational study included critically ill patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Demographics and biochemical data were recorded. To assess the comprehensive hemostatic profile of this patient population, aggregometric (Multiplate) and viscoelastometric (CloPro) measures were performed in the intensive care unit of a university hospital at a single occasion. Coagulation analysis and assessment of coagulation factors were performed. Data were compared to healthy controls.

Results
In total, 27 patients (21 male; mean age, 60 yr) were included. Impedance aggregometry displayed no greater platelet aggregability in COVID-19 in comparison with healthy controls (area under the curve [AUC] in adenosine diphosphate test, 68 ± 37 U vs. 91 ± 29 U [−27 (Hodges–Lehmann 95% CI, −48 to −1); P = 0.043]; AUC in arachidonic acid test, 102 ± 54 U vs. 115 ± 26 U [−21 (Hodges–Lehmann 95% CI, −51 to 21); P = 0.374]; AUC in thrombin receptor activating peptide 6 test, 114 ± 61 U vs. 144 ± 31 U [−31 (Hodges–Lehmann 95% CI, −69 to −7); P = 0.113]). Comparing the thromboelastometric results of COVID-19 patients to healthy controls, the authors observed significant differences in maximum clot firmness in fibrin contribution to maximum clot firmness assay (37 ± 11 mm vs. 15 ± 4 mm [21 (Hodges–Lehmann 95% CI, 17 to 26); P < 0.001]) and lysis time in extrinsic activation and activation of fibrinolysis by tissue plasminogen activator assay (530 ± 327 s vs. 211 ± 80 s [238 (Hodges–Lehmann 95% CI, 160 to 326); P < 0.001]).

Conclusions
Thromboelastometry in COVID-19 patients revealed greater fibrinolysis resistance. The authors did not find a greater platelet aggregability based on impedance aggregometric tests. These findings may contribute to our understanding of the hypercoagulable state of critically ill patients with COVID-19.

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