bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of citrate-stabilized gold nanotriangles for labeling materials of lateral flow immunoassay
Authors: Kimura Asahi , Hamamoto Mao , Yagyu Hiromasa 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Gold nanotriangles (GNTs) for producing a test strip of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) tests were reported in this paper. The cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-stabilized GNTs (CTAB-GNTs) were simply synthesized by non-thermal liquid-phase reduction with sodium citrate and tannic acid composition as a reducing reagent. To improve the binding of antibodies to GNTs, we investigated preparing citrate-stabilized GNTs (cit-GNTs) by surfactant exchange from CTAB to citric acid using polystyrene sulfonate. The antibody-conjugated GNTs were prepared using the synthesized GNTs and anti-hCG beta antibodies. The experimental results confirmed that cit-GNTs showed a strong intensity compared to the use of CTAB-GNTs.
Realization of an ultrasonic Bessel-like beam using a single-system-driven multi-annular source with controlled vibrational area
Authors: Saito Junnosuke , Nomura Hideyuki 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study aimed to realize an airborne ultrasonic Bessel-like beam using a single signal. A sound source composed of multiple concentric annular sources with controlled vibrational areas was proposed. The vibrational area of each annulus was controlled to replicate the axial sound pressure of a corresponding annulus with an amplitude weighted by a Bessel function. Each annulus was constructed from multiple ultrasonic elements, and the vibrational area ratio of the annulus was adjusted by the number of elements. Numerical prediction demonstrated that a Bessel-like beam wider than the element size could be generated with relatively high accuracy. Then, the sound field generated by the implementing sound source was evaluated experimentally. The measurements confirmed that the Bessel-like beam shape was maintained near the sound axis, though within a limited range. These findings suggest that the proposed method enables the practical realization of a Bessel-like beam using a single signal easily.
Study on the optimal ROI cropping condition for each liver tumor type to improve the sensitivity of convolutional neural network for liver tumor ultrasound image classification
Authors: Yamakawa Makoto , Shiina Tsuyoshi , Nishida Naoshi , Kudo Masatoshi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In ultrasound imaging diagnosis, not only information inside a tumor but also information around the tumor is important. Therefore, in this study, we investigated how much information about the area surrounding the tumor should be included in the region of interest (ROI) image when classifying ultrasound images of liver tumors using a convolutional neural network. Since sensitivity is important in diagnosis, we evaluated the accuracy for each type of liver tumor. We used the parameter D/L, defined as the maximum diameter of the tumor divided by the size of the ROI. As a result, the sensitivity was highest when D/L was 0.3, and the specificity was highest when D/L was 0.6 and 0.7. Therefore, to increase sensitivity, it is advisable to crop the ROI to include many surrounding areas of the liver tumor. In addition, sensitivity can be further improved by using ROI images cropped under different conditions.
Self-consistent Solutions of Evolving Nuclear Star Clusters with Two-dimensional Monte Carlo Dynamical Simulations
Authors: Zhang Fupeng , Amaro Seoane Pau 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We recently developed a Monte Carlo method (GNC) that can simulate the dynamical evolution of a nuclear star cluster (NSC) with a massive black hole (MBH), where the two-body relaxations can be solved by the Fokker–Planck equations in energy and angular momentum space. Here we make a major update of GNC by integrating stellar potential and adiabatic invariant theory, so that we can study the self-consistent dynamics of NSCs with increasing mass of the MBH. We perform tests of the self-adaptation of cluster density due to MBH mass growth and Plummer core collapse, both finding consistent results with previous studies, the latter having a core collapse time of ∼17t
rh by GNC, where t
rh is the time of half-mass relaxation. We use GNC to study the cosmological evolution of the properties of NSCs and the mass of MBHs assuming that the mass growth of the MBH is due to loss-cone accretion of stars (e.g., tidal disruption of stars) and stellar black holes, and we compare the simulation results with the observations of NSCs in the Milky Way or nearby galaxies. It is possible for such a scenario to produce MBHs with mass 105–107
M
⊙ for NSCs with stellar mass of 106–109
M
⊙. In the Milky Way's NSC, to grow an MBH up to 4 × 106
M
⊙, its size needs to be ∼1.7 times more compact in early Universe than the current value. MBHs with current masses >6 × 107
M
⊙ seem difficult to explain by loss-cone accretion alone, and thus they may require other additional accretion channels, such as gas accretion.
Quel concept d’histoire pour penser l’histoire de la métaphysique ?
Authors: Authier Raphaël 
Published: February 2025

Comment comprendre le rapport de l’histoire de la philosophie comprise comme une pratique historienne, et l’histoire de la métaphysique, forme sous laquelle la philosophie se présente à ceux qui l’étudient ? La question est d’autant plus importante chez ceux qui, comme Jean-Luc Marion, soulignent la nécessité de ne pas comprendre l’histoire de la métaphysique par référence au concept ordinaire d’histoire. Il s’agit ici de se demander sur quel concept d’histoire (au sens du mouvement historique que l’on étudie) fonder l’étude historique de la philosophie (au sens du récit et du regard rétrospectif que l’on met en place), à partir de l’œuvre de Jean-Luc Marion.
On-Shore Assembly Solutions for Long-Lifecycle Systems
Authors: Fontanilla Edward 
Published: February 2025

With the growing instability of overseas semiconductor supply chains, domestic manufacturing solutions provide a secure and steady alternative through flexible and responsive production strategies customized to meet each customer’s unique requirements to ensure stability and reliability. Mature technologies continue to drive volatility for long-lifecycle systems. This paper will explore the technical capabilities and infrastructure investments that allow customized onshore assembly and testing and reduce supply chain risks. Advancing products and developing technologies, such as BGA (Ball Grid Array), QFN (Quad Flat No Leads), and Flip Chip, allow domestic facilities to prototype modern designs, scale pilot volumes, and ramp to high-mix, low-volume production while swiftly adapting to the ever-changing demand landscape. In collaboration with universities and vocational programs, local workforce training nurtures skilled labor pools that excel in handling intricate assembly tasks. By leveraging domestic infrastructure for packaging, testing, reliability analysis, and failure diagnosis, manufacturers can expedite delivery times and just-in-time inventory management for long-life semiconductor products. Manufacturers can ensure that semiconductor components meet the stringent durability and lifespan requirements of long-lifecycle systems by conducting rigorous reliability testing and lifecycle analysis in domestic failure analysis laboratories. Onshore facilities specializing in high-mix, low-volume production provide a reliable solution to combat disruptions in offshore supply chains. With their extensive expertise, well-established infrastructure, and adaptable manufacturing strategies, domestic partners assist companies in navigating through ever-changing market dynamics and uncertainties. This paper will also outline strategies to mitigate risks, streamline production timelines, reduce expenses through consolidating manufacturing in one facility, and establish resilient supply chains for semiconductor systems with long lifecycles. It will shed light on areas that have been overlooked amidst the excitement surrounding the latest semiconductor fabrication technologies and the forefront of the now-defunct Moore’s Law, all while focusing on the practical realities essential for today’s long-term system companies.
Heterogeneous Integration Structure - FOSub for High End Product Substrate Development
Authors: Lee Sheng , Chung Yan Wen , Huang Wen Hung , Huang Min Lung , Lin Yue Nung , Fang Jen Kuang 
Published: February 2025

This paper introduces an innovative new structure designed to achieve the highly growth of High speed computing (HPC), especially the application for Generative Artificial Intelligence (Generative AI) and Internet of things (IoT). In the ever-evolving landscape of Generative AI, advancements have been remarkable, albeit accompanied by a growing reliance on Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) and the significance of computational processing systems. Traditionally, both GPUs and CPUs have utilized Ball Grid Array (BGA) boards coupled with either Flip-Chip on Substrate (FOCoS) or Chip-on-Wafer-on-Substrate (CoWOS) packaging. These configurations involved the stacking of multiple layers of substrates to achieve the high speed computational performance. However, this paper presents a novel structure which combine both the Fan-Out Redistribution Layer (RDL) & substrate technology. This breakthrough not only marks a significant leap in the capabilities of substrate manufacturing processes but also enables the attainment of a remarkable line width and spacing of L/S=2/2um. The consequential advantages include reduction in processing time and a substantial enhancement in the overall yield of the manufacturing process. Also, the structure has a mainly improve by the Fan-Out technology, can connect the top die without silicon interposer, and different from the Flip-Chip on Substrate (FOCoS) structure with the solder free connection. Through the comparison of electrical simulations and actual samples, the study demonstrates that the performance of the new packaging structure is comparable to traditional 4-2-2L BGA boards, with no significant loss observed in the S21 parameter. Furthermore, by employing Fan-Out RDL technology, the number of substrate layers can be reduced, and compatibility with the 4-2-4L FOSub structure is achieved by utilizing Redistribution Layers (RDL) effectively. Encouragingly, reliability tests have been successfully passed, including PKG MSL3/TCT1000 cycle tests, further validating the reliability and stability of the new packaging structure.
Formulating research questions in social science research
Authors: Van der Waldt Gerrit 
Published: February 2025

Formulating clear and focussed research questions is a fundamental step in social science research because the questions shape the design, methodology and analysis of the entire study. Well-crafted research questions define the scope of inquiry, align with methodological approaches and contribute to theoretical advancement. To facilitate this process, several frameworks have been developed to guide the creation of primary and secondary research questions in the social sciences. Potential frameworks guiding the formulation of research questions include Feasible, Interesting, Novel, Ethical, Relevant, Management, Appropriate, Potential Value, Publishable, Systematic (FINERMAPS), Population, Exposure, Outcome (PEO), Population, Interest, Comparison or Context, Outcome, Time (PICOT) and Sample, Phenomenon of Interest, Design, Evaluation, Research type (SPIDER). Each of these offers a structured approach to identifying key components of a research problem, ensuring clarity, precision and relevance. Secondary research questions derived from these frameworks help deepen the investigation by addressing subcomponents of the main problem. The aim of this article is to demonstrate how social science researchers can utilise these frameworks to construct researchable, specific questions that address complex social phenomena. A literature review is conducted following an abstract conceptual design within an interpretivist research paradigm. The article comprises an outline of common challenges experienced when formulating research questions, including scope definition, ethical considerations and balancing feasibility with academic rigour. Practical examples are provided illustrating how FINERMAPS, PEO, PICOT and SPIDER can be utilised in the formulation of research questions. By critically examining these frameworks, this article equips researchers with the tools to overcome challenges and improve the formulation of research questions, leading to robust and insightful social science research.Transdisciplinary contribution: The significance of inter-, multi- and transdisciplinarity in the formulation of research questions in the social sciences is expounded by accentuating the ways in which the knowledge domains and methodologies of multiple disciplines create a comprehensive understanding of complex social phenomena. A new corpus of knowledge usually emerges from research that transcends individual disciplines.
Derivation of a CT Angiography-Based Arch Atherosclerosis Grading in Cryptogenic Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Wadhwa Ankur , Singh Ravinder-Jeet , Almekhlafi Mohammed , Menon Bijoy K , Nambiar Poornima N , Kathuveetil Arun , Kannath Santhosh , Chhabra Manik , Sylaja PN , Demchuk Andrew M , Bal Simerpreet 
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives:
We aimed to develop a novel computed tomography angiography (CTA)-based grading system to quantify the severity of aortic arch disease and compare the detection of aortic arch atherosclerosis (AAAthero) on routinely acquired arch-to-vertex CTA against transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) among patients with cryptogenic ischemic stroke.

Methods:
A systematic literature review was conducted to develop a computed tomography (CT)-based AAAthero grading system. CTA was compared against TEE for detecting AAAthero. The severity of arch atherosclerosis was scored based on a 5-point grading system. Patients with cryptogenic stroke who underwent both CTA and TEE were included in the derivation cohort to assess the sensitivity and specificity of CTA compared to TEE. The CT-based grading system for aortic plaques was then applied to an independent cohort of patients with cryptogenic stroke.

Results:
Three studies were identified in a systematic review, and 141 patients were included in the derivation cohort. AAAthero was detected in 29 patients (20.6%) and 28 patients (19.9%) on TEE and CTA, respectively. The sensitivity of CTA to detect any atherosclerosis was 76%, which increased to 100% to detect moderate to severe disease. The specificity was 95% for any atherosclerosis and 100% for moderate to severe arch disease. Seven patients with AAAthero on TEE had normal CTA, but mild arch disease. Meanwhile, six patients with CTA and negative TEE had plaques on the arch’s transverse segment.

Conclusions:
Routinely acquired arch-to-vertex CTA provides an accurate, noninvasive alternative to TEE for detecting AAAthero, especially in clinically relevant moderate to severe arch disease.
Role of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound in Detecting Subclinical Synovitis in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Single-center Study on 1650 Joints
Authors: Abdrapo Heba M. , Shahba Abeer A. , Elsawy Abdallah A. , Noor Rasha A. Abdel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background:
Musculoskeletal and joint affection represents one of the most common manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) has proven to be a valuable technique in detection of inflammatory and structural damage. The aim is to detect the role of MSUS in revealing subclinical synovitis in SLE patients without any joint manifestations and to correlate the finding with laboratory parameters.

Methodology:
We conducted this cross-sectional study on 75 persons: 50 SLE patients and 25 healthy subjects. MSUS with power Doppler of hand and wrist joints (22 joints for each patient and total joints examined for all patients 1650 joints) was done for all subjects.

Results:
Our study detected synovitis in 33 (44%) subjects, 6 of them (8%) have inactive SLE), 9 (12%) have mild active SLE, 5 (6.6%) have moderate active SLE and 13 (17.3%) are healthy control and as regard number of joints affected synovitis detected in 69 joints (4.18% of all joints examined), 6 (0.36%) joints were in inactive SLE group, 20 (1.2%) joints in mild active SLE group, 15 (0.9%) joints in moderate active SLE group and 28 (1.69%) joints in control group. SLE patients were statistically had more significant synovitis and the number of joints affected were more than normal control, also moderately active lupus patients had more significant synovitis and more affected joints than mildly active and inactively diseased persons. Synovitis correlated positively with erythrocyte sedimentation rate and anti-dsDNA and negatively with C4.

Conclusion:
MSUS is very helpful in detecting subclinical synovitis in lupus patients without joint manifestation, especially if inflammation markers are elevated.
Unusual Presentation of Anti-SAE 100 Myositis: Recurrent Pericardial Effusion and Respiratory Muscle Involvement in Absence of Cutaneous and Proximal Muscle Weakness
Authors: Al Nuaimi Maryam , Dahani Assadullah , Alsadeh Ghamdan A. , Ali Ahmed Mohamed , Ehsan Adeel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies are a group of clinically heterogeneous autoimmune inflammatory muscular disorders characterized by muscular weakness and multisystem involvement. Antibodies against the small ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme (SAE) are one of the rarer phenotypes associated with dermatomyositis. We report a case of a 69-year-old female with a known history of hypertension and dyslipidemia, who had recurrent admissions due to shortness of breath over 6 months and was diagnosed with pericardial effusion of unknown etiology. She later presented to the emergency department with severe shortness of breath and dysphagia. Initially, she was placed on noninvasive ventilation and later required mechanical ventilation. Extensive workup revealed positive SAE-100 antibodies and low-titer anti-JO antibodies suggestive of SAE100 myositis. All imaging studies, including computed tomography neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis, and mammography, were unremarkable. The patient was treated with prednisolone (80 mg daily) and intravenous immunoglobulin (2 g/kg over 5 days). She responded well, was extubated, and continued on prednisolone (1 mg/kg) and azathioprine (100 mg daily) (DOSE OF MEDICINES). The diagnosis was challenging due to the unusual clinical presentation. To the best of our knowledge, this specific manifestation of anti-SAE 100 antibodies associated with myositis has not been previously documented in the literature.
Comparison between opioid-based anaesthesia technique and opioid-free anaesthesia technique in patients undergoing laparotomy for gynaecological malignancy: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kalagara Reshma , Bhoi Debesh , Subramaniam Rajeshwari , Baidya Dalim Kumar , Maitra Souvik , Talawar Praveen 
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims:
To investigate whether opioid-free anaesthesia (OFA) or opioid-based anaesthesia (OBA) technique with ultrasound (US)-guided rectus sheath block (RSB) provides early recovery and less opioid-related side effects in patients undergoing laparotomy for gynaecological malignancy.

Methods:
This was a double-blind randomised controlled trial. Fifty female patients of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I–II, aged 18–65 years, and scheduled to undergo elective gynaecological laparotomy under general anaesthesia were included. The patients were randomised into two groups. Both received US-guided RSB with 10 mL of local anaesthetic on each side. Group OBA (n = 25) received intravenous (IV) fentanyl 2 μg/kg at induction and 0.5 μg/kg as rescue analgesic. Group OFA (n = 25) received IV dexmedetomidine (0.5 μg/kg bolus over 10 min at induction, followed by 0.3 μg/kg/h infusion) and ketamine (0.25 mg/kg before incision, 0.15 mg/kg as rescue analgesic). The primary outcome was the time to attain post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU) discharge criteria. Time to eye-opening, time to extubation, time to shift to PACU, postoperative pain as visual analogue score (VAS), time to first rescue, total 24-h morphine consumption, and any postoperative nausea and vomiting till 24 h were also noted as secondary outcomes.

Results:
The time to attain PACU discharge criteria was comparable between the groups; however, the time to extubation and time to shift to the PACU was higher in Group OFA (P = 0.043 and P = 0.046, respectively). Other secondary outcomes were comparable (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
OFA provides comparable postoperative analgesia and time to attain PACU discharge in adult patients undergoing open gynaecological oncological surgery under general anaesthesia.
Comparison of BlockBuster® Laryngeal Mask Airway, King Vision® Video Laryngoscope, and flexible intubation scope for orotracheal intubation in adult patients with simulated immobilised cervical spine: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Sinha Neha , Bhat Kharat , Khanuja Samiksha , Gupta Mahima , Wadhwani Megha , Panjiar Pratibha 
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims:
Flexible intubation scope, video laryngoscope and supraglottic airway device-guided tracheal intubation are suggested in cervical spine injury patients to avoid further exacerbation of cord injury. This study compared the intubation characteristics of BlockBuster laryngeal mask airway (BBLM), King Vision video laryngoscope (KKVL) and flexible intubation scope (FIS) in patients with simulated immobilised cervical spine.

Methods:
This study was performed on 120 adult patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I–II scheduled for elective surgery under general anaesthesia requiring orotracheal intubation. Patients were randomly allocated to Group BBLM, Group KVVL and Group FIS. Time to intubation, first-attempt success rate and complications were recorded and compared between the three groups.

Results:
There was a significant difference in the mean total time for intubation between the groups (P < 0.0001). The success rate of the first attempt was 75% in Group BBLM, 77% in Group KVVL and 82.5% in Group FIS (P = 0.727). Complications like mucosal damage, oesophageal intubation, and incidence of sore throat and cough were comparable in the three groups.

Conclusion:
Intubation time was faster with BBLM and KVVL than with FIS in patients with simulated cervical spine immobilisation. The first-attempt success rate and complications were the same for all three devices.