bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of cortical perforations in allogeneic block grafting for lateral augmentation in maxilla: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Tresguerres Francisco G. F. , Tresguerres Isabel F. , Iglesias Oscar , Leco Isabel , Tamimi Faleh , Torres Jesús 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe need of decortication on the recipient site remains unclear for bone regeneration. To our knowledge, there are no human clinical trials that studied the influence of decortication on cancellous allogeneic block grafting.PurposeThe aim of the present study is to evaluate the influence of perforating the cortex of the recipient site on cancellous allogeneic block graft integration and revascularization in the maxilla.Material and MethodsTwenty‐six patients referred for lateral bone augmentation were included in this clinical trial. Patients received freeze‐dried bone allograft cancellous blocks obtained from the iliac crest; cortical perforations of the recipient bed were performed in the test group while in the control group it was left intact. After a 4‐month healing period another surgery was performed to place dental implants, and a bone biopsy was collected using a trephine. All samples underwent micro‐CT scans, and were processed for histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analysis. Implant survival comparisons were made using a repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) while all other variables were compared using the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).ResultsOne hundred and nineteen implants were placed into 110 augmented sites. One hundred percent implant survival rate was reported during 24 months follow‐up period. No differences were reported in bleeding on probing at 1 (5.6 vs 9%) and 2 years (13.2 vs 12.1%), probing pocket depth at 1 (3.4 ± 0.95 vs 3.6 ± 1.12 mm) and 2 years (3.8 ± 1.02 vs 4.1 ± 1.46 mm), and marginal bone loss at 1 (0.2 ± 0.52 vs 0.3 ± 0.57 mm) and 2 years (0.6 ± 0.91 vs 0.5 ± 0.87 mm). No statistically significant differences were found in the micro‐CT and histomorphometric analysis in terms of newly formed bone (25.7 ± 11.2% vs 22.3 ± 9.7%), soft tissue (33.0 ± 14.7% vs 36.5 ± 15.7%), remnant allograft (39.3 ± 20.4% vs 41.2 ± 22.7%), and bone mineralization (57.2 ± 10.6% vs 53.8 ± 8.7%). Perforating the cortex of the recipient site had no significant effect on angiogenesis as shown by immunohistochemical analysis of CD34 positive blood vessels (39.21 ± 10.53/mm2 vs 34.16 ± 12.67/mm2).ConclusionCancellous allogeneic bone block grafts are a clinically acceptable alternative for horizontal bone augmentation. Cortical perforations of the recipient site in the maxilla did not improve angiogenesis nor bone formation within the block graft.
Drivers of black grouse trends in the French Alps: The prevailing contribution of climate
Authors: Canonne Coline , Montadert Marc , Besnard Aurélien 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimMountains host complex ecosystems whose wide range of ecological conditions over small geographical distances makes them biodiversity hotspots. To ensure their long‐term conservation, a better understanding of the interaction between climate change and modifications in land use is necessary. Most studies have focused on only one of these factors at a time, leading to incomplete predictions. In this study, we explored the relative contribution of both recreative activities and climate change on the population dynamics of the black grouse (Tetraotetrix), an emblematic cold‐adapted species of the Alps.MethodsWe used data from a network of 47 monitoring sites dispersed around the French Alps and surveyed since the 1980s or 1990s. We estimated black grouse population growth rates using state‐space models and tested for effects of biotic and abiotic pressures on both long‐term trends and inter‐annual variations in these rates.ResultsPopulation trajectories were strongly heterogeneous in space; nevertheless, a general decline at the edge of the black grouse distribution area was revealed in the southern pre‐Alps. We found very little influence of hunting and new ski lift cables installation on inter‐annual variability in population growth rate. In contrast, our results suggest strong impact of climatic conditions and phenology. While temperature positively influenced growth rate, precipitation had a negative effect. Early snowmelt and vegetation season were correlated with high positive values of annual population growth rates.Main conclusionsBirds in mountain habitats may be drastically affected by ongoing climate change, perhaps to a greater extent than by an increase in recreational activities. However, other human activities in the mountains (such as animal grazing or forest exploitation) that were not taken into consideration in this study might also have a strong impact on habitat structure and indirectly affect populations’ growth.
A unique subtype of ramified microglia associated with synapses in the rat hippocampus
Authors: Ohgomori Tomohiro , Iinuma Kyoko , Yamada Jun , Jinno Shozo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo date, a number of studies have reported the heterogeneity of activated microglia. However, there is increasing evidence suggests that ramified, so‐called resting, microglia may also be heterogeneous, and they may play diverse roles in normal brain homeostasis. Here, we found that both 5D4 keratan sulfate epitope‐positive (5D4+) and 5D4‐negative (5D4‒) microglia coexisted in the hippocampus of normal rats, while all microglia were negative for the 5D4 epitope in the hippocampus of normal mice. We thus aimed to determine the potential heterogeneity of microglia related to the 5D4 epitope in the normal rat hippocampus. The optical disector analysis showed that the densities of 5D4+ microglia were higher in the stratum oriens of the CA3 region than in other layers and regions. Although both 5D4+ and 5D4‒ microglia exhibited a ramified morphology, the three‐dimensional reconstruction analysis showed that the node numbers, end numbers, and complexity of processes were higher in 5D4+ than in 5D4‒ microglia. The linear discriminant analysis showed that 5D4+ and 5D4‒ microglia can be classified into distinct morphometric subtypes. The ratios of contact between synaptic boutons and microglial processes were higher in 5D4+ than in 5D4‒ microglia. The gene expressions of pro‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin‐1β and purinergic receptor P2Y12 (P2Y12R) were higher in 5D4+ than in 5D4‒ microglia. Together, these results indicate that at least two different subtypes of ramified microglia coexist in the normal rat hippocampus and also suggest that 5D4+ microglia may represent a unique subtype associated with synapses.
Evaluation of the combined glucose‐insulin and intravenous glucose tolerance tests for insulin dysregulation diagnosis in donkeys
Authors: Mendoza Francisco Javier , Mejia‐Moreira Sebastian , Buchanan Ben R. , Toribio Ramiro E. , Perez‐Ecija Alejandro 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundInsulin dysregulation (ID) and donkey metabolic syndrome (DMS) are common in this species. Contrary to horses, diagnostic guidelines compiling insulin cut‐offs values and dynamic testing interpretations have not been reported for this species.ObjectivesTo evaluate resting serum insulin concentrations, the combined glucose‐insulin test (CGIT) and the glucose intravenous tolerance test (IVGTT) for the diagnosis of DMS with ID suspicion.Study designDiagnostic test comparison.MethodsSix of 80 mix‐breed adult donkeys fulfilled the inclusion criteria for DMS based on history or clinical evidence of recurrent laminitis, body condition >6 and neck score >2 or baseline insulin and leptin concentrations >20 µIU/mL and >12 ng/mL respectively. CGIT and IVGTT were performed in all donkeys within a week and interpreted following guidelines reported for equine metabolic syndrome (EMS). Insulin and glucose curves were analysed, proxies calculated and correlations and multivariate analysis assessed.ResultsFollowing EMS guidelines, CGIT classified 2 (using glucose‐positive phase duration) or 3 (using insulin concentration) and IVGTT classified 5 donkeys as ID. ID donkeys showed a lower glucose/insulin ratio, QUICKI and RISQI, and a higher insulin/glucose ratio, MIRG and HOMA‐B%.Main limitationsComparison of these tests with additional dynamic testing including a larger number of ID donkeys is necessary.ConclusionsThis is the first study evaluating dynamic tests to assess ID/DMS in DMS‐suspected donkeys. IVGTT detected more ID donkeys than CGIT. EMS recommendations could also be used for DMS diagnosis, although a baseline insulin cut‐off value is needed.
Antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities of ethyl acetate extracts of chub mackerel (Scomber colias): a thorough seasonal evaluation
Authors: Cardoso Carlos , Matos Joana , Gomes‐Bispo Ana , Afonso Cláudia , Motta Carla , Castanheira Isabel , Prates José A. M. , Bandarra Narcisa M. 
Published: June 2021

SummaryThe seasonal variation of key bioactivities in ethyl acetate extracts of chub mackerel (Scomber colias), an underutilised fish species, was evaluated through a complete monthly sampling. The phenolic content had a seasonal variation, ranging from 39 ± 5 mg GAE/100 g ww (February) to 340 ± 6 mg GAE/100 g ww (October). Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) increased from 1.3 ± 0.4 μmol Fe2+ Eq/g ww (January) to 10.3 ± 0.1 μmol Fe2+ Eq/g ww (September). ABTS had no antioxidant activity between June and December, being the highest value in February, 64.3 ± 6.3 μmol Trolox Eq/100 g ww. For phenolic content and FRAP, there was a strong seasonality, which was similar to that of the lipid content. Therefore, correlations were high, being R2 0.95 for lipid vs. phenolic contents. Anti‐inflammatory activity did not show large changes throughout most part of the year, remaining high in the 70–80% of COX‐2 inhibition. This finding and the seasonality of the antioxidant properties warrant further research.
High Performance Index as a tool to identify the best combination of pearled fractions and durum wheat genotypes for semolina and pasta colour improvement
Authors: Troccoli Antonio , De Leonardis Anna Maria , Platani Cristiano , Borrelli Grazia Maria 
Published: June 2021

SummaryDebranning was applied to six durum wheat genotypes to identify specific fractions rich in carotenoids and lower in enzymatic activities useful for improving pasta colour. Six sequential debranning steps, each of 30 s, were applied. β‐carotene, lutein, α‐tocopherol and ash content and hydroperoxidation and bleaching activities of lipoxygenase were determined in all pearled fractions. A wide variability among the genotypes regarding the level of all components has been found. Most of the parameters were higher in the pearled fraction at 30 s than wholemeal. Compared to the latter fraction, a significant decreasing trend for both lipoxygenase activities and α‐tocopherol and ash content was subsequently observed, while β‐carotene decreased more slightly. Lutein content remained quite stable in all subsequent pearled fractions. The pearled fraction of the Ofanto obtained at 90 s of debranning was identified as the best genotype/pearled fraction combination through our High Performance Index tool.
An exploration of the levels of clinical autonomy of advanced nurse practitioners: A narrative literature review
Authors: Lockwood Emily B , Lehwaldt Daniela , Sweeney Mary Rose , Matthews Anne 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThe aims of the review are to synthesise current evidence about advanced nurse practitioner clinical autonomy and consider how this may inform clinical practice and research.BackgroundClinical autonomy is one of the cornerstones of advanced nursing practice globally, yet there is limited synthesis of clinical autonomy in the literature.DesignThis is a narrative literature review.Data sourcesThe databases Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, EBSCO host, Cochrane Library, CINAHL and MEDLINE were searched for publications between 2005 and 2020 inclusive.Review methodsA systematic approach was used to analyse the literature reviewed. Two reviewers undertook quality appraisal.ResultsNineteen articles were selected. Four major themes emerged: (1) ‘ANP Stepping Up’—moving into and accepting advanced nursing practice roles and clinical responsibilities; (2) ‘ANP Living It’—ANPs' ability to act independently including an understanding of task mastery and self‐determination; (3) ‘ANP Bounce‐back ability’—depicted in challenges that threaten their ability to practice clinically autonomously; (4) ‘ANP Setting in Motion’—indirect care activities and service‐level improvements.ConclusionA clearer understanding of advanced nurse practitioner clinical autonomy could help develop more in‐depth knowledge. Research of advanced nurse practitioners' clinical autonomy would improve full utilisation in clinical practice.
Nucleating role of P2O5 in nepheline‐based transparent glass‐ceramics
Authors: Li Jizhong , Wang Mingzhong , Lu Ping 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe nepheline‐based transparent glass‐ceramics are promising candidates for cover glass applications in electronic displays owing to their superior mechanical properties (than glasses) and ability to be chemically strengthened. However, our poor understanding about the kinetic and thermodynamic drivers controlling their crystallization processes usually results in their opacification and development of large internal stresses. The present work focuses on the development of nepheline‐based nanocrystalline transparent glass‐ceramic designed in the Na2O–Al2O3–SiO2 ternary system nucleated with P2O5. The temporal evolution of the phosphate and nepheline nanocrystal formation has been followed using X‐ray diffraction, scanning/transmission electron microscopy, and energy‐dispersive spectroscopy. The incorporation of P2O5 in the glass structure leads to the phase separation resulting in the crystallization of nanocrystalline Na3PO4 as an intermediate phase; thus, acting as a nucleating site for volume crystallization of nepheline. The optimization of nucleation and growth profile in the designed composition results in the formation of a transparent glass‐ceramic with high optical transmittance (91.5 ± 0.1%).
DYRK1A phosphorylates MEF2D and decreases its transcriptional activity
Authors: Wang Pin , Zhao Juan , Sun Xiulian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMyocyte enhancer factor 2D (MEF2D) is predominantly expressed in the nucleus and associated with cell growth, differentiation, survival and apoptosis. Previous studies verified that phosphorylation at different amino acids determined MEF2's transcriptional activity which was essential in regulating downstream target genes expression. What regulates phosphorylation of MEF2D and affects its function has not been fully elucidated. Here, we uncovered that dual‐specificity tyrosine phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A), a kinase critical in Down's syndrome pathogenesis, directly bound to and phosphorylated MEF2D at Ser251 in vitro. Phosphorylation of MEF2D by DYRK1A significantly increased MEF2D protein level but attenuated its transcriptional activity, which resulted in decreased transcriptions of MEF2D target genes. Phosphorylation mutated Ser251A MEF2D exhibited enhanced transcriptional activity compared with wild type MEF2D. MEF2D and DYRK1A were observed co‐localized in HEK293 and U87MG cells. Moreover, DYRK1A‐mediated MEF2D phosphorylation in vitro might influence its nuclear export upon subcellular fractionation, which partially explained the reduction of MEF2D transcriptional activity by DYRK1A. Our results indicated that DYRK1A might be a regulator of MEF2D transcriptional activity and indirectly get involved in regulation of MEF2D target genes.
Association of short sleep with risk of periodontal disease: A meta‐analysis and Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhou Feixiang , Liu Zongyan , Guo Yicong , Xu Huilan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this meta‐analysis and Mendelian randomization (MR) study was to assess the association between short sleep and periodontal disease, including tooth loss and periodontitis.Materials and MethodsThe meta‐analysis of relevant studies was conducted to assess the association between short sleep and periodontal disease. MR analyses were conducted with the inverse‐variance‐weighted (IVW) method, weighted median method, MR‐Egger method, and MR‐Robust Adjusted Profile Score (RAPS) method to assess the causal effect of short sleep on tooth loss and periodontitis.ResultsSeven cross‐sectional studies involving 40,196 individuals were included in the meta‐analysis. The association between short sleep and periodontal disease was not statistically significant (odds ratios (OR) =1.13, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.99, 1.28;p = 0.076). In the MR analysis, we did not observe statistically significant causal associations of genetically determined short sleep with tooth loss (β: −0.056; 95% CI: −0.181 to 0.068;p = 0.376) and periodontitis (β: −0.112; 95% CI: −0.340 to 0.117;p = 0.339).ConclusionsShort sleep is not associated with the risk of periodontal disease according to current evidence. Future studies need to pay attention to the measurement of sleep duration, the choice of statistical models, and other domains of sleep health.
Ectomycorrhizas and tipping points in forest ecosystems
Authors: Suz Laura M. , Bidartondo Martin I. , van der Linde Sietse , Kuyper Thomas W. 
Published: June 2021

SummaryThe resilience of forests is compromised by human‐induced environmental influences pushing them towards tipping points and resulting in major shifts in ecosystem state that might be difficult to reverse, are difficult to predict and manage, and can have vast ecological, economic and social consequences. The literature on tipping points has grown rapidly, but almost exclusively based on aquatic and aboveground systems. So far little effort has been made to make links to soil systems, where change is not as drastically apparent, timescales may differ and recovery may be slower. Predicting belowground ecosystem state transitions and recovery, and their impacts on aboveground systems, remains a major scientific, practical and policy challenge. Recently observed major changes in aboveground tree condition across European forests are probably causally linked to ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungal changes belowground. Based on recent breakthroughs in data collection and analysis, we apply tipping point theory to forests, including their belowground component, focusing on EM fungi; link environmental thresholds for EM fungi with nutrient imbalances in forest trees; explore the role of phenotypic plasticity in EM fungal adaptation to, and recovery from, environmental change; and propose major positive feedback mechanisms to understand, address and predict forest ecosystem tipping points.
Pleiotrophin attenuates the senescence of dental pulp stem cells
Authors: Zhang Lili , Xia Dengsheng , Wang Chao , Gao Feifei , Hu Lei , Li Juan , Jin Luyuan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesPleiotrophin (PTN), a secreted extracellular matrix‐associated protein, plays an important role in regulating the osteo/dentinogenic differentiation potential of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Our previous study has demonstrated that PTN expression in young DPSCs was is 10‐fold higher than that in aged DPSCs. However, the role of PTN on the in maintaining the stemness of senescent DPSCs remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of PTN on senescent DPSCs in vitro.Materials and MethodsDental pulp stem cells were isolated from human third molars. PTN was knocked down using short hairpin RNAs to study the role of PTN on the senescence of DPSCs. DPSCs with aging performance were obtained by a replicative senescence cell model was obtained by the long‐term culture of DPSCs to the 15th passage in vitro (P15). We then investigated the effect of PTN on senescent DPSCs (P15 DPSCs). Real‐time RT‐PCR, western blotting, alizarin red staining, quantitative calcium analysis, SA‐β‐Gal staining, CFSE, and cell‐counting kit‐8 (CCK8) assays were used to study cellular senescence and function.ResultsThe depletion of PTN increased the ratio of SA‐β‐gal‐positive cells, upregulated the expression of p16, and down‐regulated the expression of TERT and p‐p38. Furthermore, 50 pg/ml of PTN recombinant protein rescued these changes the altered ratio of SA‐β‐gal‐positive cells, decreased the expression of p16, enhanced TERT and p‐p38 expression, as well as telomere activity, caused by PTN depletion and long‐term culture. The15th passage cells displayed typical aging characteristic, including high ratio of SA‐β‐gal‐positive cells, increased aging‐related gene expression, decreased proliferation rate, high level of Cyclin D expression, and impaired osteo/dentinogenic differentiation potential. However, 50 pg/ml of PTN recombinant protein could partially reverse these alteration rescue these changes.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrated that PTN could protect DPSCs from senescence by improving the proliferation and osteo/dentinogenic differentiation ability, probably through the p38 MAPK pathway.
Spanish Anticausative Inherent Reciprocals and Syntactic Reciprocals with Se*
Authors: Quintana Hernández Lucía 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWithin the debate about the heterogeneity of unaccusative structures, the aim of this paper is to distinguish two types of Spanish marked anticausative inherent reciprocals (AIRs) from other syntactic reciprocals (SRs) withse. Several diagnostics show that AIRs such asmezclarse‘get mixed’ are symmetric, unaccusative, telic, and show causative alternations, while SRs are transitive and vary in their aspectual properties and do not show causative alternations. Theen/durante‘in/for’ adverbials test reveals that there are two types of AIRs: achievements such ascasarse‘get married’, and degree achievements such asmezclarse‘get mixed’. Although the clitic is an agreement marker in these reciprocal constructions, it is an expletive voice head withcasarse, a causative head withmezclarse, and an anaphor merged in the internal argument position in SRs. Differences between AIRs and SRs depend on semantic properties associated to their respective event structures.
Vibration Modes of Stators of Induction Motors
Authors: Erdelyi E. , Horvay G. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The increased emphasis placed on the design of “noiseless” machinery has led to the requirements of better evaluation of the magnetic attractive forces developed between rotor and stator of induction motors, better evaluation of stator response to such forces, and better evaluation of the sound waves radiated by the vibrating stator frame. This paper treats the crucial phase of the problem, determining the vibration characteristics of two concentric shells (stator core inside the stator frame) coupled by nonrigid ribs. The vibration theory of such coupled structures is developed and the theoretical results are compared with the experimental measurements obtained for a 30-hp, 3-phase, induction motor. The agreement is within 7 per cent. Parts 1 and 3 of the problem, determination of the airgap force waves and of the sound radiated, are discussed in separate papers.
The Effect of a Circular Hole on the Pure Twist of an Infinite Strip
Authors: Tamate Osamu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In a previous paper by the author (1), a theoretical solution for an infinite strip with a circular hole under plain bending is given by the method of successive approximation. This method demands laborious calculations. However, it seems that the labor can be diminished by employing the method of perturbation. In this paper, the effect of a circular hole in an infinite strip under the state of pure twist is investigated with the help of the perturbation method. The maximum deflections on the rim of the hole and the maximum stress couples in the strip are calculated and plotted versus hole-diameter strip-width ratio and Poisson’s ratio of the plate material. Here the strip is considered subjected to the limitation of the Poisson-Kirchhoff theory of bending of thin plates.