bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What’s That Bug? Citizen Science For Biosecurity In Mount Maunganui, New Zealand
Authors: Payne Penny Raewi , Finlay-Smits Susanna , Small Bruce , Cave Vanessa , Kean John 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Measuring biosecurity perceptions, awareness and behaviour: A New Zealand case studyTauranga Moana has been named the ‘biosecurity capital’ of New Zealand, as part of the government’s ‘Biosecurity 2025’ Initiative to enlist all New Zealanders as biosecurity risk managers. This will involve large-scale citizen science, for reporting, eradication and management of pest and disease threats. We measure baseline awareness, perceptions and behaviour about biosecurity among two key citizen science groups, the local community at Mount Maunganui (surrounding Tauranga’s port) and school children. An online survey was completed by 324 members of the local community, while 120 school children completed a survey about their biosecurity knowledge and behaviours after using a biosecurity education kit. Results indicate that while both groups report a relatively high level of understanding about the concept of biosecurity, and acknowledge it as extremely important, knowledge of current pest threats and correct biosecurity behaviours could be improved. Mount Maunganui community members rate their understanding of biosecurity as better than the average New Zealander, but are less likely to have taken regular biosecurity action in the past year. For school children, improved biosecurity efforts could be evidenced by more active pest monitoring, and greater discussion about biosecurity outside of school (e.g. with their family at home). Key enablers for achieving more impactful citizen science for biosecurity among these groups are targeted education, and practical advice about what they can do to help.
Advance Laparoscopy in Minimal Resource Settings: Experience from a Public Sector Hospital in a Lower Middle Income Country.
Authors: Kaiser Muhammad , Malik Awais Amjad , Ali Danish , Farooq Muhammad Qasim , Khan Anwar Zeb , Ghumman Muhammad Ahsan , Khokhar Muhammad Imran , Afzal Muhammad Farooq 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: To share our experience of performing advanced laparoscopic procedures with minimal resources in a public sector hospital.Methods: A retrospective study of laparoscopic cases performed from December 1st 2016 till Dec 31st 2020 was done. All the cases were done by single surgical unit but with different surgical teams both as elective as well as emergency procedure. Type of procedure, conversion to open, and immediate post operative complications and outcomes were recorded. Complications were recorded on the basis of the Clavian Dindo Classification. Results: In 49 months a total of 1550 procedures were performed. 1133 basic and 417 advanced laparoscopic procedures were performed. Only advanced laparoscopic procedures are discussed further. Median patient aged was 33 years (Range 10 to 70 years). Male to female ratio was 1:1.2 (191:226). There was a conversion rate of 8.6% with 36 operations converted to open due to either technical issues or any complication. Median hospital stay was 2 to 12 days. Median operative time was 90minutes. Complications were seen in 48 patients. Grade 1/2 complications in 38 patients. Grade 3 complications were seen in 9 patients. Grade 4 in 1 patient. No Grade 5 (Mortality) complications were seen. Conclusions: Advanced laparoscopic surgery can be safely undertaken in public sector hospitals in low resource countries with limited resources.
Estimating The Seasonally Varying Effect of Climatic Factors On The District-Level Incidence of Acute Watery Diarrhea Among Under-Five Children of Iran, 2014-2018: A Bayesian Hierarchical Spatiotemporal Model
Authors: Masinaei Masoud 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

Under-five years old acute watery diarrhea (U5AWD) accounts for most diarrheal diseases' burden due to rotavirus infection. It is claimed that many climatic and socioeconomic factors are associated with U5AWD. However, little information is available about the occurrence of U5AWD in Iran and the adjusted effect of potential determinants.
Methods

We collected a dataset containing the seasonal numbers of U5AWD cases at the district level of Iran through MOHME. We calculated the district level Standardized Incidence Ratio and Moran's I values to detect the significant clusters of U5AWD over sixteen seasons from 2014 to 2018. In addition, we examined twelve Bayesian hierarchical models to recognize the strongest in predicting the seasonal number of incidents.
Results

Iran has many hotspots of U5AWD, especially in southeast areas. An extended spatiotemporal model with seasonally varying coefficients and space-time interaction outperformed other models, becoming our proposal in modeling U5AWD. Temperature had a global positive relationship with seasonal U5AWD in districts (IRR: 1.0497, 95% CrI: 1.0254–1.0748), due to its varying effects in winter (IRR: 1.0877, 95% CrI: 1.0408–1.1375) and fall (IRR: 1.0866, 95% CrI: 1.0405–1.1357) seasons. Also, elevation (IRR: 0.9997, 95% CrI: 0.9996–0.9998), piped drinking water (IRR: 0.9948, 95% CrI: 0.9933–0.9964), public sewerage network (IRR: 0.9965, 95% CrI: 0.9938–0.9992), years of schooling (IRR: 0.9649, 95% CrI: 0.944–0.9862), Infrastructure-to-Household Size Ratio (IRR: 0.9903, 95% CrI: 0.986–0.9946), wealth index (IRR: 0.9502, 95% CrI: 0.9231–0.9781) and urbanization (IRR: 0.9919, 95% CrI: 0.9893–0.9944) of districts were negatively associated with seasonal U5AWD incidence.
Conclusions

The development of specific alert systems could be a strategy to predict high-risk areas of U5AWD using climatic inputs. Also, the study anticipates a higher incidence of U5AWD in districts with weaker hygiene and socioeconomic status. Therefore, policymakers should take appropriate preventive actions in such areas.
A Nomogram for Predicting Mammaprint Results in Women with T1-3N0-1M0 Hormone Receptor-Positive and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Lee Young Joo , Hwang Young Sol , Kim Junetae , Ahn Sei-Hyun , Son Byung Ho , Kim Hee Jeong , Ko Beom Seok , Kim Jisun , Chung Il Yong , Lee Jong Won , Lee Sae Byul 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
PurposeWe aimed to develop a prediction MammaPrint (MMP) genomic risk assessment nomogram model for hormone-receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer and minimal axillary burden (N0-1) tumors using clinicopathological factors of patients who underwent an MMP test for decision making regarding adjuvant chemotherapy.MethodsA total of 409 T1-3 N0-1 M0 hormone receptor-positive and HER2-negative breast cancer patients whose MMP genomic risk results were available at Asan Medical Center from 2017 to 2020 were enrolled. Patients were randomly assigned to training and validation subsets and logistic regression was performed. ResultsThe primary cohort (n = 409) included 216 (53.1%) T2-3 and 388 (94.8%) N1 patients. No patients were estrogen-receptor-negative or -weak, 175 (42.7%) had a high proliferation index (Ki-67 ≥ 20%), and 225 (55.0%) were premenopausal. Multivariate analysis revealed that the age at diagnosis, progesterone receptor (PR) score, nuclear grade, and Ki-67 were significantly associated with MMP risk results. We developed an MMP low-risk predictive nomogram. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.77 to 0.87). When applied to the validation group, the nomogram was accurate with an area under the curve of 0.77 (95% CI, 0.68 to 0.86).Conclusion Our nomogram, which incorporates four traditional prognostic factors, i.e., age, PR, nuclear grade, and Ki-67, could predict the probability of obtaining a low MMP risk in a cohort of intermediate clinical risk patients. This nomogram can aid the selection of patients who need additional MMP testing.
National Trends in Tobacco Smoke Exposure and its Disruption on Vitamin D Levels Among U.S. Population, 2001-2014
Authors: Yuan Lei , Ni Jingyi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Persuasive evidence suggests that tobacco smoking is endocrine-disrupting and may interfere with vitamin D (VD) endocrine systems, but supporting research is limited and results vary greatly.Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001-2014, was used to evaluate the trends in tobacco smoke exposure among U.S. general participants aged ≥3 yr (n=49338). We examined the linear association between serum cotinine and 25(OH)D concentrations, as well as relationship between tobacco smoke exposure categories (active, passive, non-smoking) with VD status (deficiency, inadequacy, sufficiency, intoxication), and assessed whether specific gender, age (3-11, 12-19, 20-59, ≥60 yr) or ethnicity/race groups were disproportionately impacted.Results: During 2001-2004, the trends of active smoking rates stabilized between 17.2% to 19.6%. Serum cotinine was significantly and inversely associated with 25(OH)D in adult participants (≥ 20 yr). Tobacco smoke exposure, including both active and passive smoking exposure, was associated with increased risk of VD deficiency in adults. Moreover, active smoking of adults was additionally related to enhanced risk of VD inadequacy. These associations showed somewhat gender difference, with consistent and stronger associations observed in female adults. In contrast, effects of tobacco smoke exposure on VD levels were mostly protective or non-significant among children and adolescents aged 3-19 yr.Conclusion: The percentage of U.S. general population with active smoking exposure stabilized over the 14-yr period and was still high. Tobacco smoke exposure may disrupt vitamin D levels. Our results also provided initial evidence of active smoking exposure on VD intoxication, which needs to be further verified.Implication: Convincing studies have linked tobacco use exposure, including active and passive smoking exposure, to dysfunctional VDES accompanied with declined serum levels of VD metabolites. However, evidence on the association between tobacco smoke exposure and VD status was rather limited, and there were no researches to date that estimated their relationship in children and adolescents. This study analyzed national survey data, to evaluate the national trends in tobacco smoke exposure over a decade, and to comprehensively assess the impacts of tobacco smoke exposure on VD levels across specific gender-, age- and ethnicity/race- groups. The evidence suggests that the prevalence of active smoking exposure stabilized over the 14-yr period and was still high. Moreover, tobacco smoke exposure may disrupt vitamin D levels among general population, with age- and gender- differences observed.
MiR-133b Improves Decidualization of Endometrial Stromal Cells by Targeting KLF12 in Recurrent Implantation Failure
Authors: Mei Fenglin , Kong Chengcai , Wang Yan , Zhuang Jing , Xue Pingping , Qi Hui , Dong Yishan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose Impaired decidualization contributes to the infertility in recurrent implantation failure (RIF). Herein, we focused on the function and probable mechanisms of miR-133b in endometrial stromal cells decidualization.Methods miR-133b and KLF12 protein levels in midsecretory endometrial tissues derived from women with and without RIF were measured by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Primary human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) were isolated and cultured for in vitro decidualization assays. Luciferase reporter, qRT-PCR and Western blot assays were used to measure the relationship between miR-133b and KLF12.Results miR-133b was significantly downregulated, whereas KLF12 was upregulated in endometrial tissues from RIF. miR-133b effectively promoted HESCs in vitro decidualization through the modulation of KLF12 expression and the activation of LIF/STAT3 pathway. Conversely, inhibition of miR-133b expression reversed these effects. In addition, the luciferase reporter system demonstrated that miR-133b directly inhibited the expression of KLF12 by interacting with 3’ untranslated region of KLF12.Conclusion Our data suggest that miR-133b promotes HESCs decidualization by targeting KLF12 and reverses the impaired decidualization in RIF.
Riemann-Hilbert Approach of The Complex Sharma-Tasso-Olver Equation and Its N-Soliton Solutions
Authors: Li Sha , Xia Tiecheng , Li Jian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we use Riemann-Hilbert method to study the N-soliton solutions of the complex Sharma-Tasso-Olver(cSTO) equation. And then, based on analyzing the spectral problem of the Lax pair, the matrix Riemann-Hilbert problem for this integrable equation can be constructed, the N-soliton solutions about this system are given explicitly under the relationship of scattering matrix. At last, under the condition that some specifific parameter values are given, the three-dimensional diagram of the 2-soliton solution and the trajectory of the soliton solution will be simulated.
Digital and Web Content Accessibility for Persons with Disabilities: A case study of Indian open universities
Authors: Kumar Akhilesh 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The radical development of internet and other Information and Communication Technologies have changed the scenario of education system in general and open and distance learning in particular which was further accelerated by the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tools now a days are pivotal to any Open and Distance Learning (ODL) system. With the growth of ICT based education the issue of accessibility of digital information has also gained the attention of intelligentsia. With the interference of ICT tools, discussions have been taking place about the digital accessibility of web-based information available over websites. Websites of Open Universities are central source of educational and administrative information and learning for a learner enrolled in open and distance learning system. Further the basic promise of an open and distance learning system is providing education for marginalized group too and thus it must be as per the needs of persons with disabilities which has been recommended by United Nations Convention on Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD). An enquiry has been made in present research to study primary accessibility features Screen Reader Access, High Contrast Text, Word Spacing, Text Resize feature and the feature of language change available over websites of Indian Open Universities. It was observed that about 45% of Indian Open University websites lacks any such accessibility features. Remaining 55% open universities of India, mostly were found providing two to four out of these five accessibility mechanisms required for persons with disabilities on any website. As Government of India has developed Guidelines for Indian Government Websites (GIGW) which has advised government institutions to confirm their websites in compliance with Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.0) guidelines of World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) at ‘AA’ level. The preliminary study revealed that Indian Open Universities has long way to go to make their websites GIGW & WCAG 2.0 complaint in order to ensure digital accessibility in higher education through open and distance learning for persons with disabilities to ensure inclusion in higher education in India.
Total Water Quality And Total Human Health Hazard Indices Approach For Health Risk Evaluation With Oral Intake Pathway of Groundwater of Nitrate And Fluoride From A Rural Region of South India
Authors: Gugulothu Sakram , Subbarao N. , Das Rashmirekha , Duvva Laxman , Dhakate Ratnakar 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Evaluation of chemical quality of groundwater and associated health hazards is a prerequisite for taking remedial measures elsewhere. A rural region of South India was, thus, chosen for the present study to assess the total quality of groundwater and also to decipher the human health risk zones with respect to adults and children due to the groundwater pollution with nitrate (NO-3) and fluoride (F-) ions. Groundwater samples collected from the study region were determined for various chemical parameters. According to the total water quality index, groundwater quality is suitable for drinking purposes. However, the NO-3 (0.4 to 585.20 mg/L) and F-(0.22 to 5.41 mg/L) ions exceed the drinking water quality limits of 45 mg/L and 1.5 mg/L in 34% and 25% of the groundwater samples, respectively. Nitrate fertilizers appeared as the chief source of NO-3, and the fluoride minerals as the main source of F- in the groundwater body, which are further supported by principal component analysis. Total human health hazard index (THHHI) was observed to be higher than its tolerable limit of 1.0 in 63% and 73% of the groundwater samples in respect of NO-3 and F- of adults and children, respectively. The intensity of human health risk zones of THHHI (>1.0) was 1.37 times higher in children (5.69) than in children (4.15), which cover an area of 71.75% and 66.73%, respectively. Thus, the effective strategic measures were recommended for the protection of groundwater resources from pollution and also for improving the human health conditions.
Digital Mental Health Care in Humanitarian &amp; Crisis Settings: A Mixed-Methods Exploration During The COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ibragimov Khasan , Palma Miguel , Keane Gregory , Ousley Janet , Crowe Madeleine , Carreno Cristina , Casas German , Mills Clair , Llosa Augusto 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background‘Digital Mental Health services,’ or mental health care delivered via internet, computers, mobile phones, tablets, or text messaging services, are an increasingly important way to expand care to underserved groups in low-resource settings. In order to continue providing psychiatric, psychotherapeutic and counselling care during COVID-19-related movement restrictions, Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), a humanitarian medical organization, abruptly transitioned part of its mental health (MH) activities to digitally supported remote services in 2020 across humanitarian and resource-constrained settings. MethodsFrom June-July of 2020, investigators used a mixed method, sequential explanatory study design to assess MSF staff perceptions of digital MH services provided during the COVID-19 crisis. Preliminary quantitative results influenced qualitative question guide design. Eighty-one quantitative online questionnaires were collected and a subset of 13 qualitative follow-up in-depth interviews (IDI) occurred.ResultsRespondents in 44 countries (6 world regions), mostly from Sub-Saharan Africa (39.5%), the Middle East (18.5%) and Asia (13.6%) participated. Most digital MH interventions depended on audio-only platforms (80%). 30% of respondents reported that more than half of their patients were unreachable using digital interventions, usually because of poor network coverage (73.8%), a lack of communication devices (72.1%), or a lack of a private space at home (67.2%). Nearly half (47.5%) of respondents felt their staff had a decreased ability to provide comprehensive MH care using digital platforms. Most respondents thought MH staff had a negative (46%) or mixed (42%) impression of remote care. Nevertheless, almost all respondents (96.7%) thought digital MH services had some degree of utility, most commonly citing improved access to care (37.7%) and greater time efficiency (32.8%) as reasons for its continued use.ConclusionDigital MH activities were seen as an acceptable alternative to in-person therapeutic interventions in humanitarian settings during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, they were not considered suitable for all patients in the humanitarian contexts studied, especially survivors of sexual or interpersonal violence, pediatric and geriatric cases, and patients with severe MH conditions. Audio-only technologies that lacked non-verbal cues were particularly challenging and made risk assessment and emergency care more difficult. Prior to considering digital MH services, communications infrastructure should be assessed, and comprehensive, context-specific protocols should be developed.
Treatment Device for Neonatal Birth Asphyxia Related Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy
Authors: Zewdie Rediet , Getachew Lidet , Dubele Geremew , Oluma Ababo , Israel Gedion , Dese Kokeb , Simegn Gizeaddis Lamesgin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Birth asphyxia is a leading cause of neonatal brain injury, morbidity and mortality globally. Birth asphyxia leads to multi-organ dysfunction in the neonate and to neurological dysfunction called Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE). Cooling therapy is being used as a means of treatment in developed countries. However, these devices are not affordable for low-resource settings, including Ethiopia. Moreover, many cooling devices do not have a rewarming functionality after cooling therapy. The objective of this project was therefore to design and develop a cost effective and efficient total body cooling and rewarming device.Methods: Our design includes two water reservoirs that operate by pumping cold and warm sterile water to a mattress. After decreasing the core body temperature of the infant to 33.5 0C, the system is designed to maintain this temperature value for 72 hours. Feedback for temperature regulation will is provided by rectal temperature sensor. Once the cooling therapy is completed, the system again rewarms the water inside the matters and gradually increases the neonate temperature to 36.5-37 0C. The device also allows continuous monitoring of infant’s body temperature, mattress temperature reservoir temperature and pulse rate. Results: The prototype was built and undergone through different tests and iterations. The proposed device was tested for accuracy, cost effectiveness and ease to use. 93.2 % accuracy has been achieved for temperature sensor measurement and the prototype was built only with a component cost of less than 200 USD.Conclusion: The proposed devices allow an accurate, regulated and continuous monitoring of temperature of reservoirs, mattress and rectal temperature. was provided using sensors. The device can play a significant role by reducing neonatal brain injury and death due to HIE, especially in low resource settings, where the expertise and the means are in scarce.
Selection of Conventional Process Technologies using Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process
Authors: Fufa Baba Abdissa , Gebru Hailemariam , Addis Bethlehem , Alebachew Sisay , Ayele Abaysew 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Vegetable crops quality lose commences right along the rout of harvesting, transportation, storage, and delivery to consumers. A pairwise comparison of the criteria with respect to the goal was performed based on the food technology experts’ suggestions. Considering the economic feasibility and personal skill, fermentation (29.0%) taken greatest weight followed by hot water treatment technique (27.3%). Likewise, those techniques for tomato preservation in different ways like solar dryer (SD), cold house storage (CHS), and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) account 20.7%, 15.6% and 7.3% respectively. This research finding could benefit small to large holding farmers, retailers and investors intended to work on tomato processing sector for supporting the sustainable development intent.