bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early versus Delayed Surgery for Acute Traumatic Cervical/Thoracic Spinal Cord Injury in Beijing, China: The Results of a Prospective, Multicenter Nonrandomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Xue Feng , Zhan Si‐zheng , Zhang Dian‐ying , Jiang Bao‐guo 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesTo compare the effects of early surgery (within 24 h) and delayed surgery on the outcomes of patients with acute cervical/thoracic spinal cord injury (SCI) in Beijing, China.MethodsWe conducted a clinical trial involving patients who were aged 16–85 years, had acute SCI from 1 June 2016 to 1 June 2019 in Beijing. The enrolled patients were divided into two groups according to the timing of surgical decompression. The primary outcome was the ordinal change in the American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) grade. The secondary outcomes included the surgical time, volume of surgical bleeding, rate of admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), length of stay in the ICU, duration of mechanical ventilation, length of hospital stay, and postoperative complications. And the time consumption of different phases before operation was recorded for the patients transported to hospital by ambulance.ResultsA total of 148 patients were included in the study, including 55 in the early surgery group and 93 in the delayed surgery group. At 52 weeks post‐surgery, 27.3% of the patients in the early surgery group showed AIS improvement by at least two grades, compared to 8.7% of the patients in the delayed surgery group (P = 0.102). According to the logistic regression analysis, the odds of at least a two‐grade AIS improvement was six times higher among the patients who underwent early surgery than among those who underwent delayed surgery (OR = 6.66, 95%CI 1.14–38.84). The delay surgery group consumed significantly more time in the phases of transfer and inspection or examination than the early surgery group, and the Chinese regional trauma treatment system was widely used in the early surgery group.ConclusionDecompression within 24 h after SCI can improve patients' recovery of neurological function without increasing the incidence of postoperative complications and surgical risks. The Chinese regional trauma treatment system can improve the diagnosis and treatment efficiency of patients with acute SCI and speed up the operation timing.
Evaluation of Clopidogrel Safety in Geriatric Patients with Hip Fracture: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Zheng Yuanfang , Zhou Yan , Yang Minghui , Wu Xinbao , Chong Hao , Zheng Shaoqiang , Zhang Wenchao , Wang Geng 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate the risk of bleeding in elderly patients undergoing early hip fracture surgery with/without clopidogrel administration.MethodsThis was a retrospective study, and patients over 65 years with fresh hip fracture were enrolled. For the patients taking clopidogrel, early surgical treatment was performed without 5–7 days waiting time. The patients were divided into groups according to their fracture type and the surgical method. Within each fracture/surgery group, the patients were further divided into subgroups according to whether they had clopidogrel administration. The patients' age, gender, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, hemoglobin level at admission, and the time from admission to surgery were compared in the different groups. The bleeding outcomes, such as intraoperative blood loss and blood transfusion status, as well as secondary outcomes, such as operation duration and length of hospital stay, were also compared in these groups.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences in patients' baseline characteristics and outcomes, including intraoperative blood loss, blood transfusion rate, operation duration and length of hospital stay, between the clopidogrel‐administrated patients and the control patients. However, the percentage of patients taking general anesthesia was significantly higher in clopidogrel group than that in control group (P = 0.01). Similar intraoperative blood loss was found in the subgroups of hemi‐hip replacement, internal fixation for intertrochanteric fracture of the femur (fracture type A1‐2, short pin), and internal fixation of femoral neck fracture with cannulated nails. For the internal fixation of femoral neck fracture with cannulated nails, the blood loss is significantly less in both subgroups than that with other two surgical methods. Moreover, the total hip arthroplasty, with the highest bleeding risk among all the surgical methods involved, was rarely chosen to treat geriatric hip fracture in this study.ConclusionThis study indicated that compared with patients without clopidogrel administration, elderly patients with hip fractures who receive clopidogrel as long‐term anti‐platelet therapy are relatively safe for surgery in less than 5–7 days after discontinuation of clopidogrel.
Protocol for a systematic review of the diagnostic test accuracy of tests for IgE‐mediated food allergy
Authors: Genuneit Jon , Jayasinghe Sashini , Riggioni Carmen , Peters Rachel Louise , Chu Derek K. , Munblit Daniel , Boyle Robert J. , Du Toit George , Skypala Isabel , Santos Alexandra F. ,   the EAACI Food Allergy Guidelines Expert Group, the EAACI Research, Outreach Committee Food Allergy Group
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) is in the process of updating the guidelines on the diagnosis and management of food allergy. The existing guidelines are based on a systematic review of the literature until 30 September 2012. Therefore, a new systematic review must be undertaken to inform the new guidelines. This systematic review aims to assess the accuracy of index tests to support the diagnosis of IgE‐mediated food allergy.MethodsThe databases Cochrane CENTRAL (Trials), MEDLINE (OVID) and Embase (OVID) will be searched for diagnostic test accuracy studies from 1 October 2012 to 30 June 2021. Inclusion and exclusion criteria will be used to select appropriate studies. Data from these studies will be extracted and tabulated, and then reviewed for risk of bias and applicability using the QUADAS‐2 tool. All evaluations will be done in duplicate. Studies with a high risk of bias and low applicability will be excluded. Meta‐analysis will be performed if there are three or more studies of the same index test and food.ResultsA protocol for the systematic review and meta‐analyses is presented and was registered using Prospero prior to commencing the literature search.DiscussionOral food challenges are the reference standard for diagnosis but involve considerable risks and resources. This protocol for systematic review aims to assess the accuracy of various tests to diagnose food allergy, which can be useful in both clinical and research settings.
Dorsal root ganglion stimulation for patients with refractory pain due to anterior cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome: A case series
Authors: Bral Philippe , Smet Iris , Jerjir Ali , Devos Marieke , Van Buyten Jean‐Pierre 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundAnterior cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome (ACNES) is a painful condition that can be refractory in a small percentage of patients. Abdominal pain caused by thoracic nerve entrapment in the abdominal wall characterizes ACNES. In the small number of refractory patients to all standard treatments, medication overuse and abuse are serious problems. Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) stimulation might be a good treatment to improve pain scores and to lower medication use.MethodsWe describe the retrospective analysis of nine cases of patients who underwent DRG stimulation for refractory ACNES using a treatment algorithm. We focused on reported pain intensity scores, medication use, and adverse events.ResultsAll nine patients experienced a decrease in pain intensity during the trial period and received a permanent pulse generator implantation. Three months after permanent implantation, eight of nine patients showed a pain reduction of more than 50%. Medication use was substantially lower.Discussion and conclusionThis case series shows that DRG stimulation might be a very good treatment for refractory ACNES.
Quarter century genetic progress in irrigated rice (Oryza sativa) in Southeast Brazil
Authors: da Costa Weverton Gomes , da Silva Júnior Antônio Carlos , Barbosa Ivan de Paiva , Cruz Cosme Damião , Borém Aluízio , Soares Plínio César , Gonçalves Raphael de Paula , Torga Paula Pereira , Condé Aurinelza Batista Teixeira 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRice is one of the most consumed cereals in the world and of extreme social and economic importance in Brazil. Minas Gerais is the leading State in irrigated rice production in the Southeast Region. This study aimed to estimate the genetic progress of 26 years of the irrigated rice breeding programme of Epamig in Southeast Brazil by time meta‐analysis. Genetic progress was estimated for grain yield, plant height and days to flowering. The dataset understood 162 genotypes in 91 trials of value for cultivation and use of 26 seasons. The rate of annual genetic gain for grain yield was estimated .99% (49.85 kg year−1). It was also verified that was a reduction in plant height and an increase in days to flowering, even if very low. Due to distinct historical phases of the rice breeding programme, there were changes in research focus and, consequently, affected the genetic gains. With this study, it was possible to evaluate the selection strategies carried out in the past and identify important points to maintain.
Acquired epidermodysplasia verruciformis (AEV) in three children after cardiac transplantation: A case series and review of the literature
Authors: Kinariwalla Neha , Coromilas Alexandra J. , Garzon Maria C. , Levin Laura E. , Magro Cynthia , Lauren Christine T. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAcquired epidermodysplasia verruciformis (AEV) describes epidermodysplasia verruciformis developing in an immunocompromised host. There is limited information in the literature regarding AEV in the pediatric population; of the patients reported, most patients described had HIV, with only two reported cases of children who developed AEV post‐transplantation. This case series describes three pediatric patients who developed AEV on immunosuppressant therapy following cardiac transplantation. We review risk factors, treatment options, and prognosis of AEV in the pediatric population.
Evaluation of executive functions in children with rheumatic heart diseases
Authors: Aliyeva Nigar , Yozgat Yilmaz , Bakhshaliyev Nijad , Afshord Telli Zadehgan , Yozgat Can Yilmaz , Kilicoglu Ali Guven 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcute rheumatic fever (ARF) is a multisystemic inflammatory disease in children and young adults. The most notable complications of ARF are rheumatic heart disease (RHD) and Sydenham's chorea (SC). There have been many reports about executive dysfunctions with children who have SC. “Executive function” is an umbrella term that is used to describe higher level cognitive functions. The aim of this study is to determine the executive functions of children with RHD. We evaluated executive functions in healthy children with the same sociodemographic characteristics as children with RHD.MethodsOur study was designed as a cross‐sectional randomized study, including children with RHD aged between 12 and 18, and healthy controls. The difference between the patient and control group participants in terms of age, gender, education level, education level of the parents, family income level, and executive functions were investigated. Executive functions composed of Digit Sequence Test, Verbal Fluency Test, Trail‐Making Test, Stroop Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test.ResultsIn our study, a total of 30 children with RHD were followed up at the pediatric cardiology outpatient clinic of Bezmialem Vakif University Hospital composed the patient group. The control group was made up of 30 healthy children of the same sex and age group as the patient group. The mean age of the case group was 14.73 ± 1.84 years. The Digit Span Test, Verbal Fluency Test, Trail‐Making Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and Stroop Test produced no statistically significant differences between the RHD patients and the controls.ConclusionsNo statistically significant difference was found between the RHD patients and control patients in any executive function test. It was suggested that executive dysfunction might not develop in RHD patients before developing SC.
Semi‐automatic reconstruction of object lines using a smartphone’s dual camera
Authors: Aldelgawy Mohammed , Abu‐Qasmieh Isam 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the possibility of reconstructing object lines using a smartphone’s rear dual camera (wide‐angle and telephoto) was examined through designing a semi‐automatic system. After calibrating both cameras, six scenes for each of three objects were captured and rectified. Object lines were categorised into six groups based on the distance and angle to the dual camera system. Image lines were extracted using the linear Hough transform technique and points of intersection detected. Stereo pairing of conjugate points then allowed the calculation of object coordinates and the lengths of object lines were compared to their lengths measured by a digital caliper. The best line reconstruction results were achieved with the smallest distance and angle to the dual camera system.
Sunscreens effectiveness are not altered by concomitant use of moisturizing creams: An ultraviolet reflectance photography study
Authors: Gálvez María Victoria de , Aguilera José , Leal María , Sánchez‐Roldán Cristina , Herrera‐Ceballos Enrique 
Published: October 2021

SummaryBackgroundSunscreens are widely used to protect the skin against the harmful effects of solar radiation. It is not known whether solar protection factor of a sunscreen is altered by the concomitant use of other cosmetic products.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to analyze changes in the protective effect of different commercial and ISO standards sunscreens with high SPF applied shortly before and after application of non‐sunscreens galenic formulas type moisturizing creams.MethodsISO 24444:2019 standard sunscreens, which claimed SPF 16 and 63, as well as 4 different claimed SPF 50 and 50+ commercial sunscreens were prepared and applied in different sequential order to the back of 25 volunteers and compared with different commercial moisturizing formulas. Ultraviolet (UV) reflectance photography followed by image analysis was used to compare untreated skin and skin treated with moisturizing creams alone and combined with sunscreens.ResultsThe UV reflectance analysis showed no significant changes of the skin color reflectance treated with moisturizing cream compared with untreated skin. Application of the sunscreen formulations were associated with a 35% ‐ 70% decrease in color related to the in vivo expected SPF, indicating significant UV absorption for all sunscreen formulas. All standard and commercial sunscreens showed no significant differences in UV reflection color level when combined with the different moisturizing creams applied before or after the sunscreen.ConclusionsEffectiveness of low‐ and high‐protection sunscreens were not altered by the concomitant use of a moisturizing creams applied shortly before and after the sunscreens.
The Politics in White Identity: Testing a Racialized Partisan Hypothesis
Authors: Pérez Efrén O. , Kuo E. Enya , Russel Joey , Scott‐Curtis William , Muñoz Jennifer , Tobias Megan 
Published: October 2021

What politicizes White identity? We consider here a racialized partisan hypothesis. Although Whites numerically prevail within each party, the variance around this central tendency varies sharply between them: Republicans are tightly organized around Whites, yet Democrats are structured around Whites who share membership with people of color. This configuration puts White Democrats in a more precarious position and can sometimes motivate them to jockey for intraparty prominence. We support this claim with survey and experimental evidence. First, we show that White identity is more strongly associated with opposition to immigration among White Democrats than White Republicans (n = 6,126). This pattern is absent on a placebo (opposition to federal spending on science). Second, we demonstrate, experimentally, that White identity (but not partisan identity) mediates the impact of racial threat on racially coded policies among White Democrats (n = 400). This pattern does not emerge among White Republicans (n = 400) and is absent on another placebo (support for infrastructure spending).
Countering information leakage in the Concealed Information Test: The effects of item detailedness
Authors: Geven Linda Marjoleine , Verschuere Bruno , Kindt Merel , Vaknine Shani , Ben‐Shakhar Gershon 
Published: October 2021

AbstractConcealed Information Tests (CIT) are administered to verify whether suspects recognize certain features from a crime. Whenever it is presumed that innocent suspects were contaminated with critical information (e.g., the perpetrator had a knife), the examiner may ask more detailed questions (e.g., specific types of knives) to prevent false positives. However, this may increase the number of false negatives if the true perpetrator fails to discern specific details from its plausible irrelevant controls, or because detailed crime‐scene information may be forgotten. We examined whether presenting items at the exemplar level protects against contamination, and whether it compromises the sensitivity in a physiological CIT. Participants (N = 142) planned a mock‐robbery, with critical items encoded either at the category or at the exemplar level. The CIT was administered immediately or after a 1‐week‐delay, with questions phrased at the categorical or exemplar level. There were no effects of time delay. Results revealed that when item detailedness was congruent at encoding and testing, the SCR, HR, and RLL showed larger differential responses, as compared with incongruent conditions. Participants contaminated with crime knowledge at the categorical level did not show a CIT‐effect for crime details at the exemplar level, suggesting detailed questions may counter the leakage problem. Asking questions at the exemplar level did not reduce the CIT detection efficiency as compared to asking questions at the categorical level. The importance of congruency between encoding and testing provides examiners with a challenge, as it is difficult to estimate how details are naturally encoded.
Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Smoked Sardinella sp. in Ghana: Impact of an Improved Oven on Public Health Protection
Authors: Bomfeh Kennedy , Jacxsens Liesbeth , Amoa‐Awua Wisdom Kofi , Gamarro Esther Garrido , Ouadi Yvette Diei , De Meulenaer Bruno 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAn improved fish smoking oven called FAO‐Thiaroye Technique (FTT) has been introduced in Ghana and other countries in the Global South as a technical intervention for the high levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in traditionally smoked fish produced in those regions. This study evaluated the extent to which the intervention reduces consumer exposure to PAHs (considering benzo(a)pyrene [BaP] as a marker) in smoked fish, using Ghana as a case. Smoked Sardinella sp. were sampled from two traditional ovens (Chorkor smoker and metal drum oven) and the FTT and their PAH levels were determined by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Samples of the product were also purchased from informal markets in three selected regions of Ghana and analyzed for their PAH levels. Cross‐sectional consumer surveys were conducted in the selected regions to determine intakes of the commodity. A probabilistic risk assessment of PAH was then done by the margin of exposure (MoE) approach. BaP MoE as low as 1,060 and 752 were obtained for products from the traditional ovens and the informal markets, respectively, whereas the lowest value for FTT products was approximately 161,000. MoE values less than 10,000 were considered to denote a serious public health concern requiring risk management action. Therefore, the findings suggest that there is a potential health concern of high consumer exposure to PAHs in traditionally smoked fish in Ghana, and that the FTT is a technically viable intervention for the problem.
Do personal remittances influence economic growth in South Asia? A panel analysis
Authors: Islam Md. Saiful 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the remittance and economic growth relationship using annual panel data for the period 1986–2019 on selected South Asian economies with trade openness (TOP) and foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow as control variables. The cross‐sectional dependency test, second‐generation panel unit root test, panel generalized least square (GLS), panel fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS), and Dumitrescu–Hurlin (D–H) panel causality tests are employed to accomplish the study. Both the GLS and FMOLS estimations ensure the positive impact of remittance on economic growth. The D–H causality test discloses unidirectional causality from remittances to economic growth. The findings suggest that South Asian economies may strive to attract more remittances, through augmenting international migration, enabling migration‐friendly policy and regimes, creating training and support facilities at different levels for international migrants, diversifying exports, and being selective to FDI inflows, which will take care of economic growth in the region.
Extending environmental justice research to religious minorities
Authors: Al‐Kohlani Sumaia A. , Campbell Heather E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFor more than 30 years, significant research in the United States has found that racial and ethnic minorities suffer disproportionately from nearness to environmental disamenities compared with white non‐Hispanics and that these results persist even controlling for poverty and “which came first,” the minorities or the disamenities. The engrained discriminatory findings of this environmental justice (EJ) research have led some to argue that we observe “systemic racism,” built into our social systems in ways that may be difficult to perceive. Yet, within the history of the United States, racial and ethnic minorities are not the only groups that have been systematically discriminated against; various religious groups also have histories of discrimination. Here we consider whether, holding constant race and ethnicity, some religious groups may also suffer from “EJ syndrome.” Since the US Census does not collect data on religion, to measure the presence of some religious groups that may be discriminated against, we use an original dataset on the presence of Jewish, Muslim, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter‐day Saints (LDS, aka Mormon), and Roman Catholic houses of worship within California's Census tracts. Our results indicate that even controlling for race/ethnicity and income, the presence of Jewish or Muslim houses of worship in a California Census tract increases the likelihood of environmental burden as measured by the CalEnviroScreen 3.0 index of pollution and community vulnerability.
Living in the Digital Periphery—Old People in Rural Israel Talk About Information Technology
Authors: Herscovici Arie , Manor Shlomit 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSenior citizens could benefit from Information technology (IT), especially in rural areas where the lack of agglomeration makes services more expensive. The aim of the study is to examine the older adults perception and preferences of IT, while referring to spatial, social, and cultural contexts. The research was conducted in the rural periphery of Israel, relating to the diversity of the population and types of settlements. The study was based on interviews with forty senior citizens aged 65 to 93. The findings indicate that senior citizens have an ambivalent attitude: while it is difficult for them to use IT, some understand that digital illiteracy might marginalize and distance them from their families and communities.