bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inverse Optimization of Convex Risk Functions
Authors: Li Jonathan Yu-Meng 
Published: February 2021

The theory of convex risk functions has now been well established as the basis for identifying the families of risk functions that should be used in risk-averse optimization problems. Despite its theoretical appeal, the implementation of a convex risk function remains difficult, because there is little guidance regarding how a convex risk function should be chosen so that it also well represents a decision maker’s subjective risk preference. In this paper, we address this issue through the lens of inverse optimization. Specifically, given solution data from some (forward) risk-averse optimization problem (i.e., a risk minimization problem with known constraints), we develop an inverse optimization framework that generates a risk function that renders the solutions optimal for the forward problem. The framework incorporates the well-known properties of convex risk functions—namely, monotonicity, convexity, translation invariance, and law invariance—as the general information about candidate risk functions, as well as feedback from individuals—which include an initial estimate of the risk function and pairwise comparisons among random losses—as the more specific information. Our framework is particularly novel in that unlike classical inverse optimization, it does not require making any parametric assumption about the risk function (i.e., it is nonparametric). We show how the resulting inverse optimization problems can be reformulated as convex programs and are polynomially solvable if the corresponding forward problems are polynomially solvable. We illustrate the imputed risk functions in a portfolio selection problem and demonstrate their practical value using real-life data. This paper was accepted by Yinyu Ye, optimization.
Negative pressure wound therapy does not diminish efficacy of topical antibiotic powder in a preclinical contaminated wound model
Authors: Shiels Stefanie M. , Sgromolo Nicole M. , Wenke Joseph C. 
Published: February 2021

AimsHigh-energy injuries can result in multiple complications, the most prevalent being infection. Vancomycin powder has been used with increasing frequency in orthopaedic trauma given its success in reducing infection following spine surgery. Additionally, large, traumatic injuries require wound coverage and management by dressings such as negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT). NPWT has been shown to decrease the ability of antibiotic cement beads to reduce infection, but its effect on antibiotic powder is not known. The goal of this study was to determine if NPWT reduces the efficacy of topically applied antibiotic powder.MethodsComplex musculoskeletal wounds were created in goats and inoculated with a strain of Staphylococcus aureus modified to emit light. Six hours after contaminating the wounds, imaging, irrigation, and debridement and treatment application were performed. Animals received either vancomycin powder with a wound pouch dressing or vancomycin powder with NPWT.ResultsThere were no differences in eradication of bacteria when vancomycin powder was used in combination with NPWT (4.5% of baseline) compared to vancomycin powder with a wound pouch dressing (1.7% of baseline) (p = 0.986), even though approximately 50% of the vancomycin was recovered in the NPWT exudate canister.ConclusionThe antimicrobial efficacy of the vancomycin powder was not diminished by the application of NPWT. These topical and locally applied therapies are potentially effective tools that can provide quick, simple treatments to prevent infection while providing coverage. By reducing the occurrence of infection, the recovery is shortened, leading to an overall improvement in quality of life. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(2):149–155.
The New Social Necessity – Data Privacy
Authors: Anant Aaloka , Prasad Ramjee 
Published: February 2021

Data Privacy is a more prominent necessity than ever in the world we live. The world is so much connected with use of technology than ever in the course of history. Intelligent Machines and technology with thinking power of its own is defining new standards of business operations. Increasing dependency of new generation of people on social technology platforms and digital economy, comes with a big demand from economic and social structure to not only adopt but embed technology. In the same way technology to adopt the social practices like a central governance, democratic values and privacy interlaced with this structure. This paper presents the argument that the protection of privacy of the data subjects is a must have in order to retain the current social structure. We must have a way of using information out of the vast datasets without impacting individuals, indicating a major shift in technology development processes in practice. The new social necessity drives the new technology necessity.
MONet: heterogeneous Memory over Optical Network for large-scale data center resource disaggregation
Authors: Mishra Vaibhawa , Benjamin Joshua L. , Zervas Georgios 
Published: February 2021

The memory over optical network (MONet) system is a disaggregated data center architecture where serial (HMC)/parallel (DDR4) memory resources can be accessed over optically switched interconnects within and between racks. An FPGA/ASIC-based custom hardware IP (ReMAT) supports heterogeneous memory pools, accommodates optical-to-electrical conversion for remote access, performs the required serial/parallel conversion, and hosts the necessary local memory controller. An optically interconnected HMC-based (serial I/O type) memory card is accessed by a memory controller embedded in the compute card, simplifying the hardware near the memory modules. This substantially reduces overheads on latency, cost, power consumption, and space. We characterize CPU–memory performance by experimentally demonstrating the impact of distance, number of switching hops, transceivers, channel bonding, and bit rate per transceiver on the bit error rate, power consumption, additional latency, sustained remote memory bandwidth/throughput (using industry standard benchmark STREAMS), and cloud workload performance (such as operations per second, average added latency, and retired instructions per second memcached with YCSB cloud workloads). MONet pushes the CPU–memory operational limit from a few centimeters to tens of meters, yet applications can experience as low as 10% performance penalty (at 36 m) compared to a direct-attached equivalent. Using the proposed parallel topology, a system can support up to 100,000 disaggregated cards.
Coherent laser detection of the femtowatt-level frequency-shifted optical feedback based on a DFB fiber laser
Authors: Zhao Yuanyang , Zhu Desheng , Tu Yourui , Pi Lingling , Li Hongtao , Xu Lin , Hu Zhijia , Shen Yuecheng , Yu Benli , Lu Liang 
Published: February 2021

The theoretical basis and experimental realization of an all-fiber self-mixing laser Doppler velocimetry based on frequency-shifted feedback in a distributed feedback (DFB) fiber laser are presented, which employs a pair of fiber-coupled acousto-optic modulators to adjust the modulation intensity and frequency of the laser self-mixing effect. Moreover, the minimum optical feedback intensity for the velocity signal successfully measured by the interferometer is 5.12 fW, corresponding to 0.16 photons per Doppler cycle. The results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can adapt to the non-contact measurement requirements of the wide-range speed and weak feedback level in the complex environment.
Antipsychotics result in more weight gain in antipsychotic naive patients than in patients after antipsychotic switch and weight gain is irrespective of psychiatric diagnosis: A meta-analysis
Authors: Bak Maarten , Drukker Marjan , Cortenraad Shauna , Vandenberk Emma , Guloksuz Sinan 
Published: February 2021

Introduction
Antipsychotics are associated with bodyweight gain and metabolic disturbance. Previous meta-analyses were limited to mainly antipsychotic switch studies in patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or psychosis with short follow-up periods. The present meta-analysis aimed to analyse the impact of weight change in antipsychotic-naive and antipsychotics switch patients and whether body weight change depended on diagnosis.

Method
We performed a meta-analysis of clinical trials of antipsychotics that reported weight change, irrespective of psychiatric diagnosis. Outcome measure was body weight change. Studies were classified into antipsychotic-naive and antipsychotic-switch. Forest plots stratified by antipsychotic and the duration of antipsychotic use were generated and results were summarised in figures.

Results
In total, 404 articles were included for the quantitative synthesis. 58 articles were on antipsychotic naive patients. In the antipsychotic naive group, all antipsychotics resulted in body weight gain. In the antipsychotic switch group, most antipsychotics likewise resulted in bodyweight gain, with exception of amisulpride, aripiprazole and ziprasidone that showed no body weight gain or even some weight loss after switching antipsychotics. Diagnosis was not a discriminating factor of antipsychotic induced weight change.

Conclusion
Antipsychotic use resulted in substantial increase in body weight in antipsychotic-naive patients. In antipsychotic-switch patients the weight gain was mild and not present in amisulpride, aripiprazole and ziprasidone. In both groups, weight gain was irrespective of the psychiatric diagnosis.
Evidence and magnitude of the effects of meteorological changes on SARS-CoV-2 transmission
Authors: Kaplin Adam , Junker Caesar , Kumar Anupama , Ribeiro Mary Anne , Yu Eileen , Wang Michael , Smith Ted , Rai Shesh N. , Bhatnagar Aruni 
Published: February 2021

Importance
Intensity and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic, and planning required to balance concerns of saving lives and avoiding economic collapse, could depend significantly on whether SARS-CoV-2 transmission is sensitive to seasonal changes.

Objective
Hypothesis is that increasing temperature results in reduced SARS CoV-2 transmission and may help slow the increase of cases over time.

Setting
Fifty representative Northern Hemisphere countries meeting specific criteria had sufficient COVID-19 case and meteorological data for analysis.

Methods
Regression was used to find the relationship between the log of number of COVID-19 cases and temperature over time in 50 representative countries. To summarize the day-day variability, and reduce dimensionality, we selected a robust measure, Coefficient of Time (CT), for each location. The resulting regression coefficients were then used in a multivariable regression against meteorological, country-level and demographic covariates.

Results
Median minimum daily temperature showed the strongest correlation with the reciprocal of CT (which can be considered as a rate associated with doubling time) for confirmed cases (adjusted R2 = 0.610, p = 1.45E-06). A similar correlation was found using median daily dewpoint, which was highly colinear with temperature, and therefore was not used in the analysis. The correlation between minimum median temperature and the rate of increase of the log of confirmed cases was 47% and 45% greater than for cases of death and recovered cases of COVID-19, respectively. This suggests the primary influence of temperature is on SARS-CoV-2 transmission more than COVID-19 morbidity. Based on the correlation between temperature and the rate of increase in COVID-19, it can be estimated that, between the range of 30 to 100 degrees Fahrenheit, a one degree increase is associated with a 1% decrease—and a one degree decrease could be associated with a 3.7% increase—in the rate of increase of the log of daily confirmed cases. This model of the effect of decreasing temperatures can only be verified over time as the pandemic proceeds through colder months.

Conclusions
The results suggest that boreal summer months are associated with slower rates of COVID-19 transmission, consistent with the behavior of a seasonal respiratory virus. Knowledge of COVID-19 seasonality could prove useful in local planning for phased reductions social interventions and help to prepare for the timing of possible pandemic resurgence during cooler months.
Interventions to reduce social isolation and loneliness during COVID-19 physical distancing measures: A rapid systematic review
Authors: Williams Christopher Y. K. , Townson Adam T. , Kapur Milan , Ferreira Alice F. , Nunn Rebecca , Galante Julieta , Phillips Veronica , Gentry Sarah , Usher-Smith Juliet A. 
Published: February 2021

Background
A significant proportion of the worldwide population is at risk of social isolation and loneliness as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to identify effective interventions to reduce social isolation and loneliness that are compatible with COVID-19 shielding and social distancing measures.

Methods and findings
In this rapid systematic review, we searched six electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and SCOPUS) from inception to April 2020 for systematic reviews appraising interventions for loneliness and/or social isolation. Primary studies from those reviews were eligible if they included: 1) participants in a non-hospital setting; 2) interventions to reduce social isolation and/or loneliness that would be feasible during COVID-19 shielding measures; 3) a relevant control group; and 4) quantitative measures of social isolation, social support or loneliness. At least two authors independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias using the Downs and Black checklist. Study registration: PROSPERO CRD42020178654. We identified 45 RCTs and 13 non-randomised controlled trials; none were conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. The nature, type, and potential effectiveness of interventions varied greatly. Effective interventions for loneliness include psychological therapies such as mindfulness, lessons on friendship, robotic pets, and social facilitation software. Few interventions improved social isolation. Overall, 37 of 58 studies were of “Fair” quality, as measured by the Downs & Black checklist. The main study limitations identified were the inclusion of studies of variable quality; the applicability of our findings to the entire population; and the current poor understanding of the types of loneliness and isolation experienced by different groups affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusions
Many effective interventions involved cognitive or educational components, or facilitated communication between peers. These interventions may require minor modifications to align with COVID-19 shielding/social distancing measures. Future high-quality randomised controlled trials conducted under shielding/social distancing constraints are urgently needed.
Punkgirldiaries Blogzine 2, Lene Cortina and Vim Renault (2020)
Authors: Way Laura 
Published: February 2021

Review of: Punkgirldiaries Blogzine 2, Lene Cortina and Vim Renault (2020)
Leicester: Punkgirldiaries, 40 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-83802-451-2, p/bk, £10
Mala Hierba: El Surgimiento Del Punk En El Barrio Castilla, Medellín, Carlos Alberto David Bravo (2019)
Authors: Campion Minerva 
Published: February 2021

Review of: Mala Hierba: El Surgimiento Del Punk En El Barrio Castilla, Medellín, Carlos Alberto David Bravo (2019)
Bogotá: La Valija de Fuego, 382 pp.,
ISBN 978-9-58486-250-1, h/bk or p/bk, COL$42,000
Reverse fountain flow of phosphatidylinositol‐3,4‐bisphosphate polarizes migrating cells
Authors: Li Xiaoguang , Pal Dhiman Sankar , Biswas Debojyoti , Iglesias Pablo A , Devreotes Peter N 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe ability of cells to polarize and move toward external stimuli plays a crucial role in development, as well as in normal and pathological physiology. Migrating cells maintain dynamic complementary distributions of Ras activity and of the phospholipid phosphatidylinositol‐3,4‐bisphosphate (PI(3,4)P2). Here, we show that lagging‐edge component PI(3,4)P2 also localizes to retracting leading‐edge protrusions and nascent macropinosomes, even in the absence of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5‐trisphosphate (PIP3). Once internalized, macropinosomes break up into smaller PI(3,4)P2‐enriched vesicles, which fuse with the plasma membrane at the rear of the cell. Subsequently, the phosphoinositide diffuses toward the front of the cell, where it is degraded. Computational modeling confirms that this cycle gives rise to stable back‐to‐front gradient. These results uncover a surprising “reverse‐fountain flow” of PI(3,4)P2 that regulates polarity.
Amended description of the Sumatran endemic Dendrobium bandii (Orchidaceae) with notes on its conservation status and ecology
Authors: Naive Mark Arcebal K. , Yudistira Yuda Rehata , Victoriano Malcolm , Ormerod Paul 
Published: February 2021

Dendrobium bandii is a poorly known species endemic to the island of Sumatra, Indonesia. We studied living specimens and we provide here an amended description of the species, colour photographs, as well as information on distribution, ecology, and its provisional conservation status.
Key words: Dendrobieae, Epidendroideae, Malesian Flora, Plant taxonomy, Sumatran Biodiversity
Medición del bienestar animal en el aprisco de la granja experimental de la Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Ocaña, usando el Protocolo Welfare Quality®
Authors: Hoyos-Patiño Johann Fernando , Hernández-Villamizar Daniel Antonio , Velásquez-Carrascal Blanca Liliana 
Published: February 2021

El bienestar animal (BA) es pilar esencial en la producción animal que garantiza la calidad y seguridad alimentaria. Su aplicación y medición, impacta directamente en la calidad de los productos, reduciendo los costos de producción, favoreciendo la eficiencia y sostenibilidad. La investigación tuvo como propósito evaluar el BA, en el sistema de producción (SP) caprino de la Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander sede Ocaña, aplicando el protocolo Welfare Quality® en 13 cabras que en el momento de la evaluación estaban en producción lechera. El enfoque cuantitativo midió los 4 parámetros del protocolo (Buena alimentación, Buen alojamiento, Buena salud y Buen comportamiento). 10 criterios y 16 indicadores. Para valorar el BA, el tipo de investigación aplicada fue descriptiva caracterizando el proceso productivo lechero del aprisco. Para el proceso de calificación, se evaluaron los indicadores directamente en el sistema de producción. Seguidamente, se promediaron los resultados para cuantificar la valoración de cada criterio. Por último, el promedio de los criterios seleccionados determino el nivel de cumplimento de cada principio de bienestar. El análisis de resultados mostró que el SP caprino obtuvo una calificación de excelente en la escala de evaluación del protocolo Welfare Quality® con 95.15%. Presentando porcentajes de cumplimiento de un 100% en Buena Alimentación, 95% en Buen Alojamiento, 93,27% en Buena Salud, y 92,31% en Buen Comportamiento, este resultado debido al nivel desconfianza de los animales en la aplicación de las pruebas etológicas.
Prestressing low clinker structural concrete elements by ultra-high modulus carbon fibre reinforced polymer tendons
Authors: Lämmlein Tobias Dominik , Justs Janis , Terrasi Giovanni Pietro , Lura Pietro 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe combination of low clinker high-performance concrete (LCHPC) and ultra-high modulus (UHM) carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) tendons was recently proposed for prestressed structural elements. The 70% reduction in cement content resulting in limited creep and shrinkage of the LCHPC in comparison to a conventional high-performance concrete (HPC) and the very high UHM-CFRP tendon stiffness (> 509 GPa) were expected to impact the mechanical behaviour of such structures. This study focuses on the behaviour of 3 m-long beam specimens during prestressing, concrete hardening and in 4 point-bending experiments. Fibre optic sensors were implemented inside the CFRP tendons to measure strain during those stages and a digital image correlation system was employed to monitor the 4-point-bending tests. After 28 days, the LCHPC recipe, despite a 70% cement reduction and much smaller environmental footprint, did not show measurable differences in the prestress loss behaviour in comparison to a conventional HPC. The UHM-CFRP prestressing tendons, because of their stiffness, showed both higher prestress losses of around 40% and on average a nearly doubled prestress transfer length. However, they increased the beam`s maximum load-bearing capacity by 21% and showed 47% less deflection at failure in comparison to beams prestressed with the standard modulus (UTS)-CFRP tendons.
TOURIST DESTINATION AS AN OBJECT OF RESEARCH OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY
Authors: Et al. Nilufar Kh. Komilova 
Published: February 2021

This article describes the basic concept of "tourist destination" in the tourism system, its content and essence, the definition given by various scholars, that destination is a geographical region with a certain attractiveness for tourists. The definitions of the concept of "destination" proposed by the authors in scientific sources are based on the division into four groups according to their important aspects: territorial, economic, social, administrative. While the assessment of the concept of "tourist destination" in the regional context is based primarily on the criterion of "dependence" on the specific geographical location of the region, economically tourist destination is considered as a specific destination for tourists and is considered an economic category. one is that there is a tourist demand.
While the social aspect is the interpretation of a tourist destination as a specific socio-geographical place, it is conceived that any system is governed by forces of a natural nature as a subject of management that characterizes the concept of a tourist destination. The article also touches on the concept of "tourism industry" and the work on the development of tourism in Uzbekistan today.
Impact Of Environmental Awareness On Consumer Attitudes- A Study Of Selected Green Products
Authors: Dr. H. S. Grewal Jubilee Goyal , 
Published: February 2021

This study aims to find the impact of environmental awareness on consumer attitudes for selected green products. The research was done on 600 respondents, both professionals and non-professionals in the city of Dehradun, capital of Uttarakhand, India. The objective was to study the respondent’s level of environmental awareness, to measure their level of consumer attitudes and to observe the impact of environmental awareness on consumer attitudes.Also a comparison was made between the environmental awareness and consumer attitudes on two groups’ professionals and non-professionals. The organic food products were the green products selected for this study. The total sample was equally divided into two group professionals and non-professionals. Stratified random sampling was used and all the subjects were matched on socio-economic status and age group.Environmental Awareness Test (EAWT) by Dr. K. Yeshodharawas used to assess the environmental awareness of the subjects. The Consumer Attitude Scale used was a 5 point Likert scale designed by the author. Mean, S.D. and ANOVAs’ were used to infer findings and prove the proposed hypothesis. The findings revealed a significant difference in consumer attitudes of the respondents of the three levels of environmental awareness (high, medium and low)and also a significant difference in consumer attitudes of professionals and non-professionals.