bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-motion and heterogeneous droplet dynamics in moderately attractive dense emulsions
Authors: Kim Ha Seong , Xu Yixuan , Scheffold Frank , Mason Thomas G 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We show that diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS) is sensitive to the presence of a moderate short-range attraction between droplets in uniform fractionated colloidal emulsions near and below the jamming point associated with monodisperse hard spheres. This moderate interdroplet attraction, induced by micellar depletion, has an energy of about ∼2.4 k
B
T, only somewhat larger than thermal energy. Although changes in the mean free path of optical transport caused by this moderate depletion attraction are small, DWS clearly reveals an additional secondary decay-to-plateau in the intensity autocorrelation function at long times that is not present when droplet interactions are nearly hard. We hypothesize that this secondary decay-to-plateau does not reflect the average self-motion of individual droplets experiencing Brownian excitations, but instead results from heterogeneous dynamics involving a sub-population of droplets that still experience bound motion yet with significantly larger displacements than the average. By effectively removing the contribution of this secondary decay-to-plateau, which is linked to greater local heterogeneity in droplet structure caused by the moderate attraction, we obtain self-motion mean square displacements (MSDs) of droplets that reflect only the initial primary decay-to-plateau. Moreover, we show that droplet self-motion primary plateau MSDs can be interpreted using the generalized Stokes-Einstein relation of passive microrheology, yielding quantitative agreement with plateau elastic shear moduli measured mechanically.
A new technique for real-time measurements of potassium and sodium aerosols based on field-reversal surface ionization
Authors: Gall Dan , Nejman Charlotta , Allguren Thomas , Andersson Klas , Pettersson Jan B C 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A new method for real-time measurements of potassium and sodium containing aerosol particles is described and verified. The method is based on surface ionization technique and may be used to explore the alkali chemistry related to high temperature chemistry processes. The measurement device is a further development of the simple and cost-effective surface ionization detector previously used for online alkali measurements in combustion and gasification research. The discrimination between sodium and potassium is possible due to differences in their surface desorption kinetics and facilitated by rapidly reversing the field potential between the ion source and the nearby collector. The instrument is evaluated in a series of laboratory experiments using size-selected alkali salt particles containing KCl, NaCl, K2SO4, Na2SO4, KNO3 and NaNO3. The filament temperature was found to be a key influencing factor in order to optimize the strength and Na–K deviation of the observed ion current. The ability to simultaneously report absolute concentrations of Na and K makes the instrument attractive for solid fuel conversion of alkali-rich fuels such as low-grade biomass and to explore behavior deviations of Na and K in high temperature processes.
Phenomenological model of thermal transport in carbon nanotube and hetero-nanotube films
Authors: Wang Pengyingkai , Feng Ya , Xiang Rong , Inoue Taiki , Anisimov Anton , Kauppinen Esko I , Chiashi Shohei , Maruyama Shigeo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The thermal properties of individual single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been well documented in the literature following decades of intensive study. However, when SWCNTs form a macroscale assembly, the thermal transport in these complex structures usually not only depends on the properties of the individual tubes, but also is affected and sometimes dominated by inner structural details, e.g. bundles and junctions. In this work, we first performed an experimental measurement of the thermal conductivities of individual SWCNT bundles of different sizes using a suspended micro-thermometer. The results, together with the data that we obtained from a previous work, give a complete experimental understanding of the effect of bundling on the thermal conductivity of SWCNTs. With these quantitative understandings, we propose a phenomenological model to describe the thermal transport in two-dimensional (2D) SWCNT films. The term ‘line density’ is defined to describe the effective thermal transport channels in this complex 2D network. Along with experimentally obtained geometric statistics and film transparency, the thermal conductance of SWCNTs is estimated, and the effects of bundle length, diameter, and contact conductance are systematically discussed. Finally, we extend this model to explain thermal transport in 2D networks of one-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures, which are coaxial hetero-nanotubes we recently synthesized using SWCNTs as the template. This extended model suggests that the contribution of boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) to the overall performance of a SWCNT–BNNT heterostructured film depends on the transparency of the original SWCNT film. The increase in the thermal conductance of a highly transparent film is estimated to be larger than that of a less transparent film, which shows a good agreement with our experimental observations and proves the validity of the proposed phenomenological model.
Generation of astrophysics-relevant helical magnetic structures in laser-produced plasma
Authors: Tao Tao , Zhao Bin , Zheng Jian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Helical magnetic fields play an important role in star formation and stellar wind shaping. In recent years, there have been many experiments using pure poloidal or toroidal fields to confine hot plasma species that have successfully reproduced jets and instability patterns similar to those in the universe, but the role of helical magnetic structures is rarely explored due to the complexity of their generation. However, certain processes like cloud angular momentum extraction will only manifest in helical field configurations. In this article, we propose and numerically illustrate a method that can generate helical magnetic structures inside the plasma by merging a self-generated toroidal field and an externally applied poloidal field. The resulting helical field is dynamically important regarding pressure, adjustable in strength and pitch angle, and consistent with the actual astrophysical outflow in terms of boundary conditions. This method shows how to integrate a helical field structure into laser-plasma experiments, and it provides a framework for future studies on stellar outflow interaction with their embedded helical fields.
Experimental confirmation of solvated electron concentration and penetration scaling at a plasma–liquid interface
Authors: Martin Daniel C , Bartels David M , Rumbach Paul , Go David B 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this work, the transport of the plasma injected solvated electron is experimentally studied using total internal reflection absorption spectroscopy (TIRAS). A recently derived a theoretical model predicts power-law scalings between the interfacial concentration n
0 and penetration depth l with plasma current density j, namely

n

0

∝

j

e

(

2

3

)

and

l
∝

j

e

(

−

1

3

)

. Here, we extend this model to show that the optical absorption intensity should follow a

1

3

power law behavior with current density, and we perform TIRAS measurements to confirm this behavior. By altering the ionic strength (salt concentration) of our electrolyte solution to control the current density, we find that at higher concentrations a scaling of approximately

1

3

power is observed. However, the scaling is linear at lower concentrations, which we show is due to the transient response of the TIRAS experiment operating in a modulated mode. Ultimately, the experimentally-confirmed scaling law predicts approximate upper limits of penetration depth and interfacial concentration for solvated electrons, findings essential for tailoring plasma-liquid systems for specific applications.
Measurement of the third-order transport coefficient in N2 and its effect on the longitudinal diffusion coefficient measured from the arrival-time spectra of an electron swarm
Authors: Kawaguchi Satoru , Nakata Noriyuki , Satoh Kazushi , Takahashi Kazuhiro , Satoh Kohki 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Arrival-time spectra (ATS) of an electron swarm in N2 from 50 Td to 700 Td (1 Td = 10−17 Vcm2) were measured by double-shutter drift tube, and then the first Townsend ionization coefficient, mean-arrival-time drift velocity, longitudinal diffusion coefficient, and longitudinal third-order transport coefficient were obtained from the measured ATS. This is the first successful measurement of the third-order transport coefficient in a gas. Furthermore, we went back to an expression of the longitudinal diffusion coefficient in terms of the α parameter, which is the electron transport coefficient derived from ATS, and then demonstrated that the third-order and higher-order electron transport coefficients, which are traditionally ignored in the electron swarm experiment, should be considered to obtain the longitudinal diffusion coefficient properly at moderate and high reduced electric fields.
Numerical simulation of vertical tunnelling field-effect transistors charge-trapping memory with TCAD tools
Authors: Cao Yang , Tian Guoliang , Sandip Majumdar , Bi Jinshun , Xi Kai , Li Bo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A novel vertical tunnelling field-effect transistor (TFET) based on silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon (SONOS) non-volatile memory device, named as VT-SONOS, is proposed and investigated using TCAD simulations. Different from traditional planar TFET-based SONOS memory, the VT-SONOS device is programmed via band-to-band tunnelling for vertical pocket and Fowler–Nordheim tunnelling for both pocket/bottom oxide (OXb) and channel/OXb regions, which leads to a steeper subthreshold swing (SS) and a larger on-state current (I
ON). The device structure is constructed using Sentaurus TCAD tools, and I
D–V
G characteristics were extracted using TCAD tools. Obtained SS value is 102.09 mV dec−1, while the I
ON was 3.02 × 10−4 A. The memory window was 2.95 V, showing more dependence on programming pulse height (V
gp) than erasing pulse height (V
ge). Furthermore, 10-year retention characteristics were studied to investigate critical reliability issue. About 60% of the initial trapped charges remained in the device after unbiased 3.15 × 108 s (10 years) storage.
Influence of oxygen flow during sputtering process on the electrical properties of Ga-doped InZnSnO thin film transistor
Authors: Yang Hui , Su Jinbao , Zhang Xiqing 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This work presents the electrical properties of amorphous gallium-doped indium zinc tin oxide (Ga-IZTO) thin film transistors (TFTs), as a function of O2 flow rate (Ar/O2), during the sputtering process of the channel layer. As the O2 flow rate increased from 30:0 to 30:7, the saturation mobility (

μ

SAT) monotonically degraded from 31.5 cm2V−1s−1 to 12.0 cm2V−1s−1, the threshold voltage (V
TH) shifted from 0.8 V to 6.8 V, and the V
TH shift (ΔV
TH) induced by the negative bias stress improved from −7.0 V to −2.8 V. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the
microstructure of all the films is amorphous, which is independent of O2 flow rate. Transmittance spectra reflected that the average transmittance of the thin film is sensitive to the O2 flow rate and decreases as the O2 flow rate increases. XPS analysis revealed that the density of oxygen vacancies is reduced, and the oxygen lattices are enhanced as the O2 flow rate increases. The Hall effect measurements indicated that the carrier concentration (n) was reduced with increasing O2 flow rate. These results show that the electrical properties of Ga-IZTO TFTs can be easily tuned by the O2 flow rate during the sputtering process. The related mechanism for the variations of electrical properties of Ga-IZTO TFT has been discussed in detail.
A finite beam element multifunctional fabric modeling framework demonstrated with SMA knitted actuators
Authors: Eschen K , Weinberg C , Abel J 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Multifunctional textiles have gained recent attention due their intrinsic properties that provide actuator, energy dampening, or sensory capabilities within small form factor textiles without external attachments. Such technologies are specifically appealing for medical and aerospace wearables, where active compression, haptic feedback, or the tracking of bodily functions are important tasks that are ideally conducted in a minimally-intrusive fashion. Current design capabilities of multifunctional textile are limited as present predictive tools lack accuracy and universality. This paper presents a finite beam element modeling tool for shape memory alloy (SMA) knitted architectures. The temperature-dependent variation of material properties within the SMA knitted loop affects the macroscopic force-extension behavior of SMA knitted architectures leading to an actuated and a relaxed knitted architecture response. This difference is exploited as the active property in SMA knitted architectures. The modeling architecture defines interfaces between sub-models organized in modules, specifically the material constitutive module, repetitive unit cell module, manufacturing module, contact module, and a boundary condition module. The SMA knitted architecture is modeled utilizing a 1D SMA constitutive model, quarter loop knit unit cell, a differential geometry-based manufacturing model, while assuming 3D Coulomb friction conditions. Kinematically-suitable boundary conditions are applied and the simulation predictions are compared quantitatively to macroscopic tensile experimental results, as well as qualitatively to microscopic x-ray diffraction phase analysis. The verification against experimental data supports the ability of the modeling tool to accurately predict the SMA knitted architecture thermo-mechanical performance with mean force-extension errors of less than 5%. The modeling tool provides the basis to understand, design, and optimize the lightweight, large force and deformation SMA knitted actuator textiles for novel applications. Additionally, the multifunctional textile modeling tool is implemented based on highly interchangeable sub-models to create synergies and propel the modeling of any multifunctional textile.
Smart polyimide with recovery stress at the level of high temperature shape memory alloys
Authors: Kong Deyan , Li Jie , Guo Anru , Yu Jianxin , Xiao Xinli 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Recovery stress is important for smart shape memory materials (SMMs) and low recovery stress of shape memory polymers hinders their applications badly, while high temperature shape memory alloys (HTSMAs) are very difficult to be obtained. In order to obtain high temperature SMM with high recovery stress, convenient preparation methods, low cost and good workability, shape memory polyimide with high recovery stress (HRSMPI) at the level of HTSMA is prepared by reinforcing smart polyimide matrix with carbon fiber cloth (CFC) in common lab furnace. The HRSMPI possesses unique sandwich structure with good interfacial bonding between the matrix and filler. It exhibits high glass transition temperature of 300 °C, shape fixity of 90.6% and shape recovery of 92.2%. The recovery stress of HRSMPI is 116 MPa, close to those of some HTSMAs. The primitive actuator made of HRSMPI can overturn metal sheet 147 times heavier than itself, similar to the commercial TiNiHf HTSMA. Meanwhile, its density is 0.96 g cm−3, less than 1/6 of that of TiNiHf. The elastic strain energy is mainly stored in CFC and then released as recovery stress under constrained shape recovery, and HRSMPI has great potential in practical applications.
Magnetization loss of no-insulation coil for an electrodynamic suspension system
Authors: Wang Xueliang , Sheng Jie , Zhong Zhuoyan , Wu Wei , Li Xiao-Fen , Jin Zhijian , Hong Zhiyong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A high-temperature superconducting no-insulation (NI) coil, with its self-protection property, high engineering current density and unique demagnetization property, becomes a potential candidate for an electrodynamic suspension (EDS) system. Compared with the applications in high field magnets, the NI coil used in the EDS system is considered as working in a dynamic state, the magnetization loss generated in the NI coil is essential for the design of a cryogenic system. This paper presents the study on AC magnetization loss of NI coils by both numerical and experimental methods. Firstly, a 3D finite element numerical model representing the full geometry of the NI coil is built to analyse the effect of field frequency, field magnitude, as well as the radial characteristic resistance. Then, systematic discussions are conducted to figure out the working mechanism of NI coils. Finally, a calibration-free method testing platform is installed to validate the numerical model, and a modified model is proposed to represent the non-uniform radial characteristic resistance caused by stress distribution. The conclusions of this paper will be used in the future optimization of NI coils and the cryogenic design of the EDS system.
Strong pinning at high growth rates in rare earth barium cuprate (REBCO) superconductor films grown with liquid-assisted processing (LAP) during pulsed laser deposition
Authors: Feighan J , Lai M H , Kursumovic A , Zhang D , Wang H , Lee J H , Moon S , MacManus-Driscoll J L 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We present a simple liquid-assisted processing (LAP) method, to be used in situ during pulsed laser deposition growth to give both rapid growth rates (50 Hz deposition leading to >250 nm min−1 with a single plume) and strong pinning (improved ×5–10 at 30 K and below, over plain standard YBCO films grown at similar rates). Achieving these two important features simultaneously has been a serious bottleneck to date and yet for applications, it is critical to overcome it. The new LAP method uses a non-stoichiometric target composition, giving rise to a small volume fraction of liquid phase during film growth. LAP enhances the kinetics of the film growth so that good crystalline perfection can be achieved at up to 60× faster growth rates than normal, while also enabling artificial pinning centres to be self-assembled into fine nanocolumns. In addition, LAP allows for RE mixing (80% of Y with 20% of Yb, Sm, or Yb + Sm), creating effective point-like disorder pinning centres within the rare earth barium cuprate lattice. Overall, LAP is a simple method for use in pulsed laser deposition, and it can also be adopted by other in situ physical or vapour deposition methods (i.e. MOCVD, evaporation, etc) to significantly enhance both growth rate and performance.
The quantum marginal problem for symmetric states: applications to variational optimization, nonlocality and self-testing
Authors: Aloy Albert , Fadel Matteo , Tura Jordi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we present a method to solve the quantum marginal problem for symmetric d-level systems. The method is built upon an efficient semi-definite program that uses the compatibility conditions of an m-body reduced density with a global n-body density matrix supported on the symmetric space. We illustrate the applicability of the method in central quantum information problems with several exemplary case studies. Namely, (i) a fast variational ansatz to optimize local Hamiltonians over symmetric states, (ii) a method to optimize symmetric, few-body Bell operators over symmetric states and (iii) a set of sufficient conditions to determine which symmetric states cannot be self-tested from few-body observables. As a by-product of our findings, we also provide a generic, analytical correspondence between arbitrary superpositions of n-qubit Dicke states and translationally-invariant diagonal matrix product states of bond dimension n.
Forming-free resistive switching in ferroelectric Bi
0.97
Y
0.03
Fe
0.95
Sc
0.05
O
3 film for RRAM application
Authors: Jena A K , Mohanty Himadri Nandan , Mohanty J 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Electromechanical and resistive switching properties were investigated in ferroelectric rhombohedral Bi
0.97
Y
0.03
Fe
0.95
Sc
0.05
O
3 (BYFSO) film, grown on fluorine-doped tin oxide coated glass substrate. Piezoforce microscopy images of the BYFSO film after the electrical writing indicates the ferroelectric domains were switched completely towards the upward and downward direction at ± 8 V DC bias voltage, which is analogous to the ferroelectric hysteresis curve. The resistive switching effect was investigated on the Ag/BYFSO/FTO RRAM device configuration through conventional I − V characteristics. The charge transport process in Ag/BYFSO/FTO resistive device is transformed from Ohmic to space charge limited current conduction mechanism. The endurance characteristics ensure a stable bipolar resistive switching effect with a large memory window of OFF/ON
ratio about ∼100 for 50 repeatable testing cycles. From the impedance spectroscopy analysis, it is observed that the bulk resistance plays a significant role during the SET-RESET process, by large degradation of resistance from megaohm (high resistance state) to kiloohm (low resistance state). The oxygen vacancy induced conductive filaments are responsible for achieving the various resistive states in the device.
In-medium pion dispersion relation and medium correction of

near the threshold energy of pion production *
Authors: Cui Ying , Zhang Ying-Xun , Li Zhu-Xia 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Transport models cannot simultaneously explain very recent data on pion multiplicities and pion charged ratios from central collision of Sn+Sn at 0.27 A GeV. This stimulates further investigations on the pion dispersion relation, in-medium

cross sections, and

decay widths near the threshold energy or at subthreshold energy of pion production in isospin asymmetric nuclear matter. In this study, the pion dispersion relation, in-medium

cross section, and

decay width near the threshold energy are investigated in isospin asymmetric nuclear matter by using the one-boson-exchange model. With the consideration of the energy conservation effect, the in-medium

cross sections are enhanced at

GeV in a nuclear medium. The prediction of pion multiplicity and

ratios near the threshold energy could be modified if this effect is considered in transport model simulations.