bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Copycat Skills and Disclosure Costs: Evidence from Peer Companies’ Digital Footprints
Authors: CAO SEAN SHUN , DU KAI , YANG BAOZHONG , ZHANG ALAN L. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTWe examine whether firms that imitate peer companies’ strategies (copycats) profit from such behavior and how their success may cause competitive harm to disclosing companies. We identify copycat companies by tracking the digital footprints of investment companies that view disclosures on the SEC EDGAR Web site. We find that copycat companies are able to identify profitable trades that outperform other trades disclosed by the copycatted companies by 5.5% annually. Such stock‐screening skills are related to investment sophistication and research intensity. Furthermore, copycats inflict greater damage on the performance of disclosing companies when they possess superior copycat skills, when disclosed trading strategies take longer to complete, and when disclosed stock holdings are characterized by high information asymmetry.
Validation of the Hospital Frailty Risk Score in older surgical patients: A population‐based retrospective cohort study
Authors: Gunnarsdottir Gudrun M. , Helgadottir Solveig , Einarsson Sveinn G. , Hreinsson Kari , Whittle John , Karason Sigurbergur , Sigurdsson Martin I. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is a need for standardized and cost‐effective identification of frailty risk. The objective was to validate the Hospital Frailty Risk Score which utilizes International Classification Diagnoses in a cohort of older surgical patients, assess the score as an independent risk factor for adverse outcomes and compare discrimination properties of the frailty risk score with other risk stratification scores.MethodsData were analysed from all patients ≥65 years undergoing primary surgical procedures from 2006‐2018. Patients were categorized based on the frailty risk score. The primary outcomes were 30‐day mortality and 180‐day risk of readmission.ResultsOf 16 793 patients evaluated, 7480 (45%), 7605 (45%) and 1708 (10%) had a low, intermediate and high risk of frailty. There was a higher incidence of 30‐day mortality for individuals with intermediate (2.9%) and high (8.3%) compared with low (1.4%) risk of frailty (P < .001 for both comparisons). Similarly, the hazard of readmission within the first 180 days was higher for intermediate (HR 1.25; 95% CI: 1.16‐1.34) and high (HR 1.84; 95% CI: 1.66‐2.03) compared with low (HR 1.00, P < .001 for both comparisons) risk of frailty. The hazard of long‐term mortality was higher for intermediate (HR 1.70; 95% CI: 1.61‐1.80) and high (HR 4.16; 95% CI: 3.84‐4.49) compared with low (HR 1.00, P < .001 for both comparisons) risk of frailty. Finally, long length of primary hospitalization occurred for 9.3%, 15.0% and 27.3% of individuals with low, intermediate and high frailty risk (P < .001 for all comparisons). A model including age and ASA classification had the best discrimination for 30‐day mortality (AUC 0.862; 95% CI: 0.847‐0.877).ConclusionOur findings suggest that the Hospital Frailty Risk Score might be used to screen older surgical patients for risk of frailty. While only slightly improving prediction of 30‐day mortality using the ASA classification, the Hospital Frailty Risk Score can be used to independently classify older patients for the risk of important outcomes using pre‐existing readily available electronic data.
Methods for dose quantification in continuous renal replacement therapy: Toward a more precise approach
Authors: Villa Gianluca , Fabbri Sergio , Samoni Sara , Cecchi Matteo , Fioccola Antonio , Scirè‐Calabrisotto Caterina , Mari Gaia , Pomarè Montin Diego , Romagnoli Stefano 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPeriodic dose assessment is quintessential for dynamic dose adjustment and quality control of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). The flows‐based methods to estimate dose are easy and reproducible methods to quantify (estimate) CRRT dose at the bedside. In particular, quantification of effluent flow and, mainly, the current dose (adjusted for dialysate, replacement, blood flows, and net ultrafiltration) is routinely used in clinical practice. Unfortunately, these methods are critically influenced by several external unpredictable factors; the estimated dose often overestimates the real biological delivered dose quantified through the measurement of urea clearance (the current effective delivered dose). Although the current effective delivered dose is undoubtedly more precise than the flows‐based dose estimation in quantifying CRRT efficacy, some limitations are reported for the urea‐based measurement of dose. This article aims to describe the standard of practice for dose quantification in critically ill patients with AKI undergoing CRRT in the intensive care unit. Pitfalls of current methods will be underlined, along with solutions potentially applicable to obtain more precise results in terms of (a) adequate marker solutes that should be used in accordance with the clinical scenario, (b) correct sampling procedures depending on the chosen indicator of transmembrane removal, (c) formulas for calculations, and (d) quality controls and benchmark indicators.
Optic disc morphology and peripapillary atrophic changes in diabetic children and adults without diabetic retinopathy or visual impairment
Authors: Lin Qiurong , Jia Yan , Li Tao , Wang Shanshan , Xu Xian , Xu Yi , Lu Lina , Yang Chenhao , Zou Haidong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the changes in optic disc morphology and peripapillary atrophy (PPA) in diabetic children and adults without diabetic retinopathy (DR) or visual impairment (VI).MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included two groups of subjects. One group included 91 children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and 86 healthy children, and the other group included 444 adults with T2DM and 442 healthy controls. The optic disc parameters including major and minor axis lengths, optic disc ovality (ODO), optic disc tilt, optic disc area and β‐PPA area were analysed in all subjects. Optic disc rotation and the Bergmeister papilla were analysed only in children. Patients with diabetes and healthy controls were compared in each group of the study population.ResultsIn both groups, patients with diabetes and healthy controls were matched for age, sex and axial length (AL). Among the children, β‐PPA area was significantly smaller in those with diabetes (0.29 ± 0.43 mm2) than in the healthy controls (0.46 ± 0.58 mm2, p < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that diagnosis of DM was negatively associated with β‐PPA area. Longer AL and higher body mass index (BMI) were positively associated with β‐PPA area. Among adults, ODO was significantly larger in those with diabetes (1.14 ± 0.09) than in healthy controls (1.12 ± 0.06, p < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the BMI and DM were potential risk factors affecting ODO.ConclusionHyperglycaemia had different effects on the optic disc in children and adults. Unlike in healthy controls, hyperglycaemia had an impact on the peripapillary tissue in children and on optic disc shape in adults before DR and VI development.
Pathophysiology and clinical presentation of paediatric heart failure related to congenital heart disease
Authors: Spaziani Gaia , Bennati Elena , Marrone Chiara , Lucà Fabiana , Iorio Annamaria , Rao Carmelo Massimiliano , Di Fusco Stefania Angela , Russo Maria Giovanna , Colivicchi Furio , Gabrielli Domenico , Santoro Giuseppe , Favilli Silvia , Gulizia Michele Massimo ,   Young Cardiologist Working Group, Pediatric Cardiology Task Force of the Associazione Nazionale Medici Cardiologi Ospedalieri (ANMCO), Heart Care Foundation
Published: May 2021

AbstractCongenital heart disease (CHD) and cardiomyopathies represent the two most important causes of paediatric heart failure (HF) in developed countries. We made a review of the literature on pathophysiology and clinical presentation of paediatric HF in children with CHD. Two main pathophysiologic models can be identified: the ‘over‐circulation failure’, characterised by signs and symptoms of congestion or hypoperfusion, due respectively to volume or pressure overload, and the ‘pump failure’.ConclusionsThe comprehension of the HF pathophysiology in paediatric patients with CHD is of paramount importance for the optimal management and for addressing the best therapeutic choices.
Relating behaviours and therapeutic actions during AVATAR therapy dialogue: An observational study
Authors: O’Brien Conan , Rus‐Calafell Mar , Craig Tom KJ , Garety Philippa , Ward Thomas , Lister Rachel , Fornells‐Ambrojo Miriam 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesAVATAR therapy is a novel relational approach to working with distressing voices by engaging individuals in direct dialogue with a digital representation of their persecutory voice (the avatar). Critical to this approach is the avatar transition from abusive to conciliatory during the course of therapy. To date, no observational study has examined the moment‐to‐moment dialogical exchanges of this innovative therapy. We aim to (1) map relating behaviours between participants and their created avatars and (2) examine therapeutic actions delivered within AVATAR dialogue.MethodTwenty‐five of the fifty‐three AVATAR therapy completers were randomly selected from a randomized controlled trial (Craig et al. The Lancet Psychiatry, 5, 2018 and 31). Seventy‐five audio recordings of active dialogue from sessions 1 and 4 and the last session were transcribed and analysed using a newly developed coding frame. Inter‐rater reliability was good to excellent.ResultsFine‐grained analysis of 4,642 observations revealed nuanced communication around relational power and therapeutic activity. Early assertiveness work, reinforced by the therapist, focussed on increasing power and distancing. Participants’ submissive behaviours reduced during therapy, but the shift was gradual. Once the transition to a more conciliatory tone took place, the dialogue primarily involved direct communication between participant and avatar, focussing on sense of self and developmental and relational understanding of voices.ConclusionsAVATAR therapy supports voice‐hearers in becoming more assertive towards a digital representation of their abusive voice. Direct dialogue with carefully characterized avatars aims to build the voice‐hearers’ positive sense of self, supporting the person to make sense of their experiences.Practitioner points

AVATAR therapy enables voice‐hearers to engage in face‐to‐face dialogue with a digital representation (‘avatar’) of their persecutory voice.

Fine‐grained analyses showed how relating behaviours and therapeutic actions evolve during active AVATAR therapy dialogue.

Carefully characterized avatars and direct therapist input help voice‐hearers become more assertive over the avatar, enhance positive sense of self, and support individuals to make sense of their experiences.
Significance of site‐specific radiation dose and technique for success of implant‐based prosthetic rehabilitation in irradiated head and neck cancer patients—A cohort study
Authors: Wolf Franziska , Spoerl Steffen , Gottsauner Maximilian , Klingelhöffer Christoph , Spanier Gerrit , Kolbeck Carola , Reichert Torsten E. , Hautmann Matthias G. , Ettl Tobias 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundRadiotherapy aggravates implant‐based prosthetic rehabilitation in patients with head and neck cancer.PurposeTo evaluate the impact of radiation dose at implant and parotid gland site for prosthetic rehabilitation.Material and methodsThe retrospective study includes 121 irradiated head and neck cancer patients with 751 inserted implants. Radiation doses on implant bed and parotid gland site were recorded by 3‐dimensional modulated radiation plans. Implant success was clinically and radiographically evaluated according to modified Albrektsson criteria and compared to treatment‐ and patient‐specific data.ResultsImplant overall survival after 5 years was 92.4% with an implant success rate of 74.9%. Main reasons for implant failure were marginal bone resorption (20.9%), implant not in situ or unloaded (9.6%) and peri‐implantitis (7.5%). A mean radiation dose of 62.6 Gy was applied with a mean parotid dose of 35 Gy. Modulating radiation techniques went along with lower grades of xerostomia (p < 0.001). At implant site mean doses of 57.5, 42.0, and 32.3 Gy were recorded for oral, oropharyngeal, and hypopharyngeal/laryngeal carcinoma, respectively. Implant success inversely correlated to radiation dose at implant site. Strong predictors for implant failure in uni‐ and multivariate analysis were implant‐specific dose >50 Gy (HR 7.9), parotid dose >30 Gy (HR 2.3), bone (HR 14.5) and soft tissue (HR 4.5) transplants, bad oral hygiene (HR 3.8), nonmodulated radiation treatment planning (HR 14.5), and nontelescopic prosthetics (HR 5.2).ConclusionRadiotherapy impedes implant success in a dose‐dependent manner at implant site. Modern radiation techniques effectively reduce xerostomia favoring implant‐based prosthetic rehabilitation. Implantation in bone grafts is more critical and telescopic‐retained overdentures should be preferred.
Impact of diabetes and chronic dialysis on post‐transplant survival in combined heart‐kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Parekh Justin R. , Lam Jenny , Chau Harrison , Berumen Jennifer , Schnickel Gabriel T. , Mekeel Kristin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGrowing research supports an increased survival benefit of combined heart and kidney transplantation in patients with both heart and renal failure. As a result, the frequency of these combined transplants continues to increase. Despite this trend, little has been done to quantify the impact of chronic illness in this population. We identified adult recipients of combined heart‐kidney transplant from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR) database between 2005 and 2018. We focused on renal disease secondary to diabetes and duration of dialysis as markers of chronic illness. The primary outcome was post‐transplant mortality. Our final multivariable Cox proportional hazard model found that diabetes‐associated renal disease (HR 1.57, 95% CI 1.14–2.15, p = .01) and dialysis duration (HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.01–1.15, p = .02) were significant predictors of post‐transplant mortality. Given the significant impact of dialysis duration and renal disease secondary to diabetes mellitus, these chronically ill patients should be closely examined for conditions such as peripheral vascular disease and frailty, which have been shown to affect mortality in heart transplant recipients and are prevalent in the chronic dialysis population.
Changing institutional context and regional industrial dynamics: New evidence from the establishment of administrative approval centers in China
Authors: Liu Ziliang , Zhu Shengjun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe role of institutions in regional industrial dynamics has been a long‐lasting issue in economic geography and regional studies. This paper seeks to examine this issue in the context of transitional economies, where the market economy is embryonic, by using China as an example. Specifically, we examine how regional industrial dynamics have been shaped by China's peculiar institutional context in general and by its new round of economic reform in particular. One key part of the new reform is the establishment of administrative approval centers (AACs) to streamline official procedures that regulate business start‐ups and existing business. Empirical results show that the establishment of AACs has boosted new industry creations. However, in the first 3 years after the establishment of AACs, the effect of AACs on new industry creation is not evident and becomes significant afterwards. Furthermore, the effect varies across regions and industries. It is especially evident in less marketized cities. Labor‐intensive industries benefit more from the establishment of AACs than do capital‐intensive industries.
Talk to us! Communication is a key factor in improving the comfort of MRI research participants
Authors: Dewey Rebecca S. , Ward Claire , Junor Andrea , Horobin Adele 
Published: May 2021

AbstractContextMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an invaluable diagnostic and research tool. Having an MRI scan is not always comfortable and may deter people from taking part in MRI research. Maximizing comfort during scanning will improve participants’ experiences and image quality.ObjectiveTo define which factors improve comfort during an MRI scan for research by asking people who have participated in MRI research.Setting and participantsPeople who had participated in MRI research during the past two years were invited, as ‘public advisors’ to discuss their experiences together and agree on which factors are most important in ensuring comfort while participating in MRI research.ResultsPublic advisors ranked researcher‐participant communication as the most important factor. In response, an example script to guide MRI researchers in communicating with participants was developed through close consultation between research staff, public advisors and the public. This outlines the often‐missing information necessary to convey to participants, including explaining the reasons behind instructions, managing expectations, providing reassurance, encouragement and progress updates during scanning.ConclusionsDrawing upon personal experiences as MRI research participants, public advisors highlighted the importance of effective and on‐going researcher communication throughout. The example script may be used as a training tool for researchers to help ensure participants’ comfort during scanning.Patient and public contributionAll contributors had previously taken part in MRI research. The project was co‐designed, co‐delivered and co‐authored with a public research partner. Public advisors agreed key factors of importance. External public reviewers and public advisors reviewed example script drafts.
Juvenile hormone regulates the reproductive diapause through Methoprene‐tolerant gene in Galeruca daurica
Authors: Ma H.‐Y. , Li Y.‐Y. , Li L. , Tan Y. , Pang B.‐P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractJuvenile hormone (JH) signalling plays an important role in regulation of reproductive diapause in insects. However, its underlying molecular mechanism has been unclear. Methoprene‐tolerant (Met), as a universal JH receptor, is involved in JH action. To gain some insight into its function in the reproductive diapause of Galeruca daurica, a serious pest on the Inner Mongolia grasslands undergoing obligatory summer diapause at the adult stage, we cloned the complete open‐reading frame (ORF) sequences of Met and other 7 JH signalling‐related genes, including JH acid methyltransferase (JHAMT), JH esterase (JHE), JH epoxide hydrolase (JHEH), Krüppel homologue 1 (Kr‐h1), vitellogenin (Vg), forkhead box O (FOXO) and fatty acid synthase 2 (FAS2), from this species. GdMet encoded a putative protein, which contained three domains typical of the bHLH‐PAS family. Expression patterns of these eight genes were developmentally regulated during adult development. Topical application of JH analogue (JHA) methoprene into the 3‐day‐old and 5‐day‐old adults induced the expression of GdMet. Silencing GdMet by RNAi inhibited the expression of JHBP, JHE, Kr‐h1 and Vg, whereas promoted the FAS2 expression, which enhanced lipid accumulation and fat body development, and finally induced the adults into diapause ahead. Combining with our previous results, we conclude that JH may regulate reproductive diapause through a conserved Met‐dependent pathway in G. daurica.
Impact of continuous glucose monitoring in youth with type 1 diabetes aged 15–21 years
Authors: Lee Myron Andrew , Holmes‐Walker Deborah Jane , Farrell Kaye , Clark‐Luccitti Ashley 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundPeople with type 1 diabetes (T1D) aged <21 years are eligible for subsidised continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) products under the Australian National Diabetes Services Scheme. There are few real‐world published studies to evaluate the benefits of CGM in young adults.AimsTo perform a real‐world observation study among youth with T1D to evaluate CGM use and benefits of CGM.MethodsPatients at the Westmead Hospital Young Adult Diabetes Clinic aged 15–21 years who commenced CGM before July 2018 were followed for 6 months post commencement of CGM. Differences in HbA1c and glucose metrics at baseline and follow up are compared between those commencing CGM and those that did not.ResultsForty‐four (38%) of 115 eligible patients commenced CGM. Demographic characteristics and baseline HbA1c did not differ significantly between those started on CGM and those that did not. At 6 months, 18 (41%) of 44 patients still used CGM, with discomfort and inconvenience the most common reasons for dropout. In CGM continuers, at 6 months compared with baseline, there was no change in HbA1c (8.2% vs 8.0%; P = 0.8), coefficient of variation of glucose (38% vs 39%; P = 0.5) or percentage time in range (52% vs 58%; P = 0.3). Six‐month follow‐up HbA1c in CGM non‐users deteriorated significantly compared with users. Mean hypoglycaemia fear scores (worry scale) were significantly decreased from baseline at 6 months (33 vs 18; P < 0.01).ConclusionThere are high rates of discontinuation in CGM use among youth with T1D. At 6 months of CGM use, there was no significant change in glycaemic control, although HbA1c in non‐users deteriorated significantly. Worry of hypoglycaemia was significantly decreased among those who continued CGM.
A comparison of authentic and transformational leadership in sport
Authors: Malloy Ella , Kavussanu Maria 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTransformational and authentic leadership are two models of leadership, which have some similarities and are relevant to sport. However, these leadership models are also distinct and consequently may predict athlete outcomes differently. Authentic leadership has received little attention in sport and so research is needed to examine how it is unique in terms of what it adds to dominant sport leadership models. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether authentic leadership (a) is empirically distinct from transformational leadership and (b) adds to transformational leadership by explaining unique variance in commitment and enjoyment. A total of 421 (227 female, Mage = 20.32) team sport athletes took part in the study by completing a questionnaire. Authentic leadership was correlated to transformational leadership, suggesting transformational and authentic leadership show some convergent validity. However, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) revealed that authentic leadership also shows discriminant validity to transformational leadership and has incremental predictive power above that of transformational leadership, in terms of predicting athletes’ enjoyment and commitment. Our findings enhance our understanding of authentic leadership in sport and clearly show that it is distinct from transformational leadership. They also highlight the importance of authentic leadership and how it adds to transformational leadership in terms of predicting athletes’ commitment and enjoyment.