bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Model establishment of prognostic-related immune genes in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Sun Ming , Chen Sihan , Fu Min 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background:
Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the head and neck in the world. At present, the treatment methods include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, but the 5-year survival rate is still not ideal and the quality of life of the patients is low. Due to the relative lack of immunotherapy methods, this study aims to build a risk prediction model of related immune genes, which can be used to effectively predict the prognosis of laryngeal cancer patients, and provide targets for subsequent immunotherapy.

Methods:
We collected the 111 cases of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and 12 matched normal samples in the The Cancer Genome Atlas Database (TCGA) gene expression quantification database. The differentially expressed related immune genes were screened by R software version 3.5.2. The COX regression model of immune related genes was constructed, and the sensitivity and specificity of the model were evaluated. The risk value was calculated according to the model, and the risk curve was drawn to verify the correlation between related immune genes, risk score, and clinical traits.

Results:
We selected 8 immune-related genes that can predict the prognosis of LSCC in a COX regression model and plotted the Kaplan–Meier survival curve. The 5-year survival rate of the high-risk group was 16.5% (95% CI: 0.059–0.459), and that of the low-risk group was 72.9% (95% CI: 0.555–0.956). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to confirm the accuracy of the model (AUG = 0.887). After univariate and multivariate regression analysis, the risk score can be used as an independent risk factor for predicting prognosis. The risk score (P = .021) was positively correlated with the clinical Stage classification.

Conclusion:
We screened out 8 immune genes related to prognosis: RBP1, TLR2, AQP9, BTC, EPO, STC2, ZAP70, and PLCG1 to construct risk value models, which can be used to speculate the prognosis of the disease and provide new targets for future immunotherapy.
The effects of ACEI/ARB, aldosterone receptor antagonists and statins on preventing recurrence of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Jia Qiulei , Han Wenbing , Shi Shuqing , Hu Yuanhui 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background:
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common arrhythmias, and is high relative to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. AF-related complications and treatment costs bring about huge health burden, therefore the prevention recurrence of AF is imperative. “Upstream therapy” refers to the use of non-antiarrhythmic drugs (non-AADs) that modify the atrial substrate or target-specific mechanisms of AF to prevent the occurrence or recurrence of the arrhythmia. RAAS Blockers, aldosterone receptor antagonists and statins have an effect on preventing recurrence of atrial fibrillation. This protocol is designed for systematic review and network meta-analysis, which will assess comparative effects and safety of various non-antiarrhythmic drugs in preventing recurrence of atrial fibrillation.

Methods:
The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, ClinicalTrials.gov will be searched from inception to Aug 31, 2020 to identify relevant studies. The Cochrane “Risk of bias” tool will be used to assess the methodological quality of eligible studies. The pair-wise meta-analysis will be performed by STATA 14.0 software. The network meta-analysis will be implemented in a Bayesian framework using Win BUGS 1.4.3 and the package “gemtc” V.0.8.1 of R-3.6.2 software. The network plots will be drawn using STATA 14.0 software. A comparison-adjusted funnel plot will be used to assess the publication bias using STATA 14.0 software. Quality of evidence will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.

Results:
The results of this network meta-analysis will determine the preventive effect and rank ordering of these interventions for recurrence of AF. The report will follow the PRISMA checklist for network meta-analysis.

Conclusion:
This network meta-analysis will provide comprehensive evidence-based information in clinical practice.

Inplasy registration number:
INPLASY202090004.
Accelerating Research on Suicide Risk and Prevention in Women Veterans Through Research-Operations Partnerships
Authors: Hoffmire Claire A. , Denneson Lauren M. , Monteith Lindsey L. , Dichter Melissa E. , Gradus Jaimie L. , Cappelletti Maurand M. , Brenner Lisa A. , Yano Elizabeth M. 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Suicide rates for women veterans are increasing faster than for nonveterans. The 2017 suicide rate for women veterans was more than double that for women nonveterans. However, research to inform improved suicide prevention for women veterans is scant.

Objectives:
To accelerate research on women veterans’ unique risks and resiliencies for suicide, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Women’s Health Research Network launched a Women Veterans Suicide Prevention Research Work Group to target technical support for researchers, promote collaboration with national VA program offices, and ultimately increase dissemination and translation of research into clinical practice, public health strategies, and policies. The objective of this paper is to report on the process and outcomes of the Work Group’s strategic planning efforts to identify and fill gaps in suicide prevention research among women veterans.

Methods:
An in-person meeting of 20 researchers and operational leaders was convened to summarize existing research evidence and identify research priorities and challenges.

Results:
Research priorities included civilian reintegration, community connections, psychosocial stressors (eg, social determinants of health) and trauma, risk assessment, clinical interventions, upstream prevention, and health care access. The importance of increasing evidence on gender differences and for women veterans not using VA health care was emphasized.

Conclusions:
Research to inform suicide prevention tailored to meet women veterans’ needs is essential; however, many priorities and challenges remain unaddressed. Although Work Group efforts have achieved funding gains, further work to formalize, promote and meet the demands of a suicide prevention research agenda for women veterans requires is ongoing focus.
Hyperoxia During Cardiopulmonary Bypass Is Associated With Mortality in Infants Undergoing Cardiac Surgery*
Authors: Beshish Asaad G. , Jahadi Ozzie , Mello Ashley , Yarlagadda Vamsi V. , Shin Andrew Y. , Kwiatkowski David M. 
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVES:
Patients undergoing cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass have variable degrees of blood oxygen tension during surgery. Hyperoxia has been associated with adverse outcomes in critical illness. Data are not available regarding the association of hyperoxia and outcomes in infants undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. We hypothesize that among infants undergoing cardiac surgery, hyperoxia during cardiopulmonary bypass is associated with greater odds of morbidity and mortality.

DESIGN:
Retrospective study.

SETTING:
Single center at an academic tertiary children’s hospital.

PATIENTS:
All infants (< 1 yr) undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2017, excluding two patients who were initiated on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the operating room.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
The study included 469 infants with a median age of 97 days (interquartile range, 14–179 d), weight 4.9 kg (interquartile range, 3.4–6.4 kg), and cardiopulmonary bypass time 128 minutes (interquartile range, 91–185 min). A Pao
2 of 313 mm Hg (hyperoxia) on cardiopulmonary bypass had highest sensitivity with specificity greater than 50% for association with operative mortality. Approximately, half of the population (237/469) had hyperoxia on cardiopulmonary bypass. Infants with hyperoxia were more likely to have acute kidney injury, prolonged postoperative length of stay, and mortality. They were younger, weighed less, had longer cardiopulmonary bypass times, and had higher Society of Thoracic Surgeons and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery mortality scores. There was no difference in sex, race, preoperative creatinine, single ventricle physiology, or presence of genetic syndrome. On multivariable analysis, hyperoxia was associated with greater odds of mortality (odds ratio, 4.3; 95% CI, 1.4–13.2) but failed to identify an association with acute kidney injury or prolonged postoperative length of stay. Hyperoxia was associated with greater odds of mortality in subgroup analysis of neonatal patients.

CONCLUSIONS:
Hyperoxia occurred in a substantial portion of infants undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass for cardiac surgery. Hyperoxia during cardiopulmonary bypass was an independent risk factor for mortality and may be a modifiable risk factor. Furthermore, hyperoxia during cardiopulmonary bypass was associated with four-fold greater odds of mortality within 30 days of surgery. Hyperoxia failed to identify an association with development of acute kidney injury or prolonged postoperative length of stay when controlling for covariables. Validation of our data among other populations is necessary to better understand and elucidate potential mechanisms underlying the association between excess oxygen delivery during cardiopulmonary bypass and outcome.
Effect of Context-Dependent Modulation of Trunk Muscle Activity on Manual Wheelchair Propulsion
Authors: Bailey Stephanie Nogan , Foglyano Kevin M. , Bean Nicholas F. , Triolo Ronald J. 
Published: January 2021

Objective
The aims of the study were to reliably determine the two main phases of manual wheelchair propulsion via a simple wearable sensor and to evaluate the effects of modulated trunk and hip stimulation on manual wheelchair propulsion during the challenging tasks of ramp assent and level sprint.

Design
An offline tool was created to identify common features between wrist acceleration signals for all subjects who corresponded to the transitions between the contact and recovery phases of manual wheelchair propulsion. For one individual, the acceleration rules and thresholds were implemented for real-time phase-change event detection and modulation of stimulation.

Results
When pushing with phase-dependent modulated stimulation, there was a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the primary speed variable (5%–6%) and the subject rated pushing as “moderately or very easy.” In the offline analysis, the average phase-change event detection success rate was 79% at the end of contact and 71% at the end of recovery across the group.

Conclusions
Signals from simple, wrist-mounted accelerometers can detect the phase transitions during manual wheelchair propulsion instead of elaborate and expensive, instrumented systems. Appropriately timing changes in muscle activation with the propulsion cycle can result in a significant increase in speed, and the system was consistently perceived to be significantly easier to use.
The Physiatry Workforce in 2019 and Beyond, Part 1
Authors: Forte Gaetano J. , Langelier Margaret , Wang Shen , Dall Timothy M. , Reynolds Ryan L. , Chakrabarti Ritashree , Whyte John , Ankam Nethra Sridhara , Annaswamy Thiru M. , Fredericson Michael , Jain Nitin B. , Karimi Danielle Perret , Morgenroth David C. , Slocum Chloe , Wisotzky Eric 
Published: January 2021

Objective
The aim of the study was to describe the current physiatrist workforce in the United States.

Design
An online, cross-sectional survey of board-certified physiatrists in 2019 (N = 616 completed, 30.1% response) collected information about demographic and practice characteristics, including age, sex, practice area, practice setting, hours worked, patient characteristics, staffing, and work responsibilities. Physiatrists were stratified by substantive practice patterns using a cluster analysis approach. Survey responses were arrayed across the practice patterns and differences noted.

Results
The practice patterns identified included musculoskeletal/pain medicine, general/neurological rehabilitation, academic practice, pediatric rehabilitation, orthopedic/complex conditions rehabilitation, and disability/occupational rehabilitation. Many differences were observed across these practice patterns. Notably, primary practice setting and the extent and ways in which other healthcare staff are used in physiatry practices differed across practice patterns. Physiatrists working in musculoskeletal/pain medicine and disability/occupational rehabilitation were least likely to work with nurse practitioners and physician assistants. Physiatrists working in academic practice, general/neurological rehabilitation, and pediatric rehabilitation were most likely to have primary practice settings in hospitals.

Conclusions
Physiatry is an evolving medical specialty affected by many of the same trends as other medical specialties. The results of this survey can inform policy discussions and further research on the effects of these trends on physiatrists and physiatry practice in the future.
Evaluating Alzheimer Disease With Flortaucipir and Florbetapir PET
Authors: James Olga G. , Linares Alexandra R. , Hellegers Caroline , Doraiswamy P. Murali , Wong Terence Z. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Early, accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer disease (AD) is essential but remains challenging. Neuropathological hallmarks of AD are β-amyloid neuritic plaques and tau protein neurofibrillary tangles. 18F-Florbetapir is one of several available PET tracers for imaging cortical fibrillary β-amyloid plaques. 18F-Flortaucipir PET was recently approved for evaluating the distribution and density of aggregated neurofibrillary tangles. We present cases of mild cognitive impairment or suspected AD to depict the nuances of flortaucipir distribution and scan interpretation as well as how combined information from amyloid and tau PET may help with differential diagnosis and prognosis.
Chronic Illness and Fatigue in Older Individuals: A Systematic Review
Authors: Torossian Maral , Jacelon Cynthia S. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Fatigue is a symptom experienced by 40%–74% of older individuals in the United States. Despite its significance, clinicians face challenges helping individuals to manage or reduce fatigue levels. Some management issues are attributable to the ambiguity around the risk factors, consequences, and the effect of fatigue management strategies.

Methods
A literature review was conducted using four databases to identify themes in relation to risk factors, consequences, and management strategies from research studies about fatigue in older individuals with chronic diseases.

Results
Findings on fatigue risk factors, such as age, body mass index, and marital status, were contradictory. There was a positive association between fatigue and comorbidities, depression, and anxiety and a negative relationship between fatigue and physical activity, sleep, educational status, and socioeconomic status. Fatigue was perceived as a state of “feebleness” and negatively impacted individuals’ quality of life. Consequences of fatigue included tiredness, sleepiness, depression, anxiety, worse sense of purpose in life, poor self-care, and an increased β-amyloid load. Predictors of worse fatigue consequences included functional health, symptom burden, subjective health, and self-acceptance. Fatigue management strategies included physical activity, rest, sleep, maintaining normal hemoglobin levels, and acetyl-l-carnitine supplementation.

Conclusion
This systematic review is of value to older individuals with chronic illnesses, researchers, and clinicians who strive to improve the quality of life of individuals experiencing fatigue. To prevent undesirable consequences of fatigue, older individuals should be screened for the discussed modifiable risk factors of fatigue. The inconsistencies in the studies reviewed can guide researchers to potential research areas that require further inquiry and exploration to ground future practice on best scientific evidence
The Role of Disease Acceptance, Life Satisfaction, and Stress Perception on the Quality of Life Among Patients With Multiple Sclerosis: A Descriptive and Correlational Study
Authors: Kołtuniuk Aleksandra , Pytel Aleksandra , Kulik Anna , Rosińczuk Joanna 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Purpose
The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between illness acceptance, life satisfaction, stress intensity, and their impact on the quality of life (QOL) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Design
Descriptive and correlational study.

Methods
A group of 100 patients with MS responded to the Expanded Disability Status Scale, the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief (WHOQOL-BREF) Scale, the Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), and a sociodemographic questionnaire.

Findings
A significant relationship was shown between the mean scores of AIS, SWLS, PSS-10, and WHOQOL-BREF; however, there was no relationship between the mean scores of AIS, SWLS, PSS-10, WHOQOL-BREF and the Expanded Disability Status Scale.

Conclusion
Quality of life in patients with MS is positively affected by higher level of disease acceptance and life satisfaction as well as a lower level of perceived stress.

Clinical Relevance
Rehabilitation nurses should consider the patient’s disease acceptance, QOL, perceived stress, disability level, and satisfaction of life in planning and implementing a comprehensive rehabilitation plan.
Development and Validation of a Resilience Questionnaire for Patients During Stroke Rehabilitation in China
Authors: Cai Lian-huan , Zhang Qi , Pang Shu-qin , Chen Hui , Li Ming 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Purpose
The aim of the study was to develop a comprehensive questionnaire for assessing resilience in patients with stroke during rehabilitation and examine the questionnaire’s reliability and validity.

Design
A four-phased design was used to develop and validate the questionnaire.

Methods
The preliminary items of the Resilience Questionnaire for Stroke Rehabilitation (RQSR) were generated through a literature review and a qualitative study. Twenty experts were consulted for content validation and modification of the questionnaire. A pilot study was conducted with 55 patients with stroke. A total of 510 participants from seven rehabilitation centers or hospitals were subsequently recruited to examine the psychometric properties of the RQSR.

Results
The RQSR consists of 35 items within three dimensions. Dimensions include effective rehabilitation training, accessible support system, and appropriate self-regulation. The content validity index of the total questionnaire was .9335. Seven factors were derived through factor analysis, and cumulative contribution rate of variance was 65.455%. Cronbach’s alpha of the total questionnaire was .957, with each dimension ranging from .731 to .918, demonstrating high levels of reliability.

Conclusion
The RQSR has sound reliability and validity and can be used as an appropriate tool for assessing resilience for patients with stroke during rehabilitation to facilitate effective interventions.
Introducing Standardized Assessment and Management of Oral Cares in a Rehabilitation Unit: Patient Outcomes and Experiences
Authors: Schwarz Maria , Kwiecien Inger , Hamlet Blaise , Coccetti Anne , Monsiegneur Ursula , Tickle Benjamin , Cardell Elizabeth 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Purpose
The aim of this study was to improve patient oral hygiene outcomes in a rehabilitation unit by implementing a nursing education package and oral hygiene assessment tool.

Design
A case–control design with 50 rehabilitation patients was performed.

Methods
Nursing staff received education and training in applying the Modified Oral Health Assessment Tool. Clinician assessment of patient oral hygiene occurred on admission and at days 5–7. Each patient reported their perceptions of oral hygiene and comfort prior to hospitalization, while in the hospital, and after transfer to the rehabilitation unit.

Findings
Oral hygiene rating scores improved significantly from admission to the rehabilitation unit to days 5–7 (p = .00). The mean score of patient perceived cleanliness improved from hospital admission to admission to the rehabilitation unit.

Conclusion
Oral hygiene was improved following admission to a rehabilitation unit with a consistent and individualized approach to oral hygiene.

Clinical Relevance
The introduction of a consistent and individualized approach to oral hygiene demonstrates positive patient outcomes and high patient acceptance.
Brief Psychosocial Intervention to Address Poststroke Depression May Also Benefit Fatigue and Sleep–Wake Disturbance
Authors: Byun Eeeseung , Becker Kyra J. , Kohen Ruth , Kirkness Catherine J. , Mitchell Pamela H. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Purpose
This study aimed to determine if brief psychosocial/behavioral therapy directed to reduce poststroke depression would decrease fatigue and improve sleep–wake disturbance.

Design
A preplanned secondary data analysis from a completed clinical trial was conducted.

Methods
One hundred participants received usual care, in-person intervention, or telephone intervention. Depression, fatigue, and sleep–wake disturbance were measured at entry, 8 weeks, 21 weeks, and 12 months following the intervention.

Findings
Fatigue (within: p = .042, between: p = .394), sleep disturbance (within: p = .024, between: p = .102), and wake disturbance (within: p = .004, between: p = .508) decreased over the 12 months in the intervention groups, but not in the control group. This difference was clinically meaningful for wake disturbance and approached the clinically important difference for fatigue.

Conclusions/Clinical Relevance
Reduction in wake disturbance was consistent with clinically meaningful difference standards for patient-reported outcomes, warranting further research in larger samples.