bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activation of PTH1R alleviates epididymitis and orchitis through Gq and β-arrestin-1 pathways
Authors: Wang Ming-Wei , Yang Zhao , Chen Xu , Zhou Shu-Hua , Huang Ge-Lin , Sun Jian-Ning , Jiang Hui , Xu Wen-Ming , Lin Hao-Cheng , Yu Xiao , Sun Jin-Peng 
Published: November 2021

Significance
Currently, male infertility has become a public health issue. The inflammations in the epididymis and testis are estimated to account for 6 to 15% of male infertility and thus have attracted increasing attention. Conventional therapies for epididymitis and orchitis using antibiotics have limitations in terms of side effects and ineffectiveness for nonbacterial inflammations, thus highlighting an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. Here, the screening of secretin family G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) enabled us to identify that activation of PTH1R by a Food and Drug Administration–approved osteoporosis drug abaloparatide effectively counteracts epididymitis and orchitis through selective transducer-mediated pathways. Our results offer potential therapeutics to treat epididymitis and orchitis by targeting GPCRs other than traditional antibiotic therapies.
Postverbal negation
Authors: Krasnoukhova Olga , van der Auwera Johan , Crevels Mily 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe paper sketches the state of affairs of our understanding of postverbal negation. It departs from the typological finding that there is a cross-linguistic preference for a negator to precede the verb. Nevertheless, a sizable proportion of the world’s languages adhere to a pattern with a negator following the verb, and such negators are typically morphologically bound. The existence of this pattern, unfavorable from a functional perspective, calls for a diachronic explanation. The paper takes stock of diachronic processes that can lead to postverbal negation, in general, and suffixal negation, in particular. Furthermore, a language may acquire a pattern with postverbal negation through language contact, and this is yet another perspective that the paper addresses. Finally, we introduce the contributions to this volume, highlighting the new insights.
Spinor fields in

f(Q)

-gravity
Authors: Vignolo Stefano , Carloni Sante , Cianci Roberto , Esposito Fabrizio , Fabbri Luca 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We present a tetrad–affine approach to

f

(

Q

)

gravity coupled to spinor fields of spin-

1

2

. After deriving the field equations, we derive the conservation law of the spin density, showing that the latter ensures the vanishing of the antisymmetric part of the Einstein-like equations, just as it happens in theories with torsion and metricity. We then focus on Bianchi type-I cosmological models proposing a general procedure to solve the corresponding field equations and providing analytical solutions in the case of gravitational Lagrangian functions of the kind

f

(

Q

)

=
α

Q

n

. At late time such solutions are seen to isotropize and, depending on the value of the exponent n, they can undergo an accelerated expansion of the spatial scale factors.
Selective thermal emitters for high-performance all-day radiative cooling
Authors: Chowdhary Ashish Kumar , Reddy Veluri Anurag , Sikdar Debabrata 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Passive radiative coolers (PRCs), which pump excess heat to cold exterior space via thermal radiation, have emerged as a promising energy-free technology in cooling buildings, thermal power plants, and photovoltaics. However, designing a ‘daytime’ PRC is challenging due to the simultaneous requirement of high reflectance in the solar spectral regime (0.3–2.5 µm) and high emissivity in the atmospheric transmittance window (8–13 µm). Here, we present a large-area compatible and lithography-free nanoscale multilayer design of daytime PRC based on two pairs of tandem silicon dioxide–aluminium nitride dielectric layer cascaded to a silver ground metal placed over a silicon substrate. We theoretically achieve near-perfect reflectance (97.3%) over the solar spectral regime while maintaining high emissivity (80%) in the atmospheric transmittance window. During the daytime under direct sunlight, the cooling power of the proposed structure is reported to be 115

W
m

−
2

with a temperature reduction up to 15 K below the ambient temperature, when the effect of convection and conductive heat transfer is considered. Our design is polarization-independent and angle-insensitive up to 70 degrees of angle of incidence. An excellent match between our theoretical and simulation results validates our findings. The fabrication tolerance study reveals that the cooling performance of our robust design is unlikely to degrade much during experimental realization. The figure of merit calculation indicates that our PRC can outperform recently reported daytime PRCs.
Analyte-restrained silver coating of gold nanostructures: an efficient strategy to advance multicolorimetric probes
Authors: Naseri Amene , Ghasemi Forough 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Visual detection based on gold nanorods (AuNRs) has gained tremendous attention in sensing applications owing to the potential for simple, inexpensive, instrument-free, and on-site detection. The proper selection of the mechanism involved in the interaction between the analyte and the nanostructure plays a significant role in designing a selective and multicolorimetric probe for visual purposes. A winning mechanism to develop multicolorimetric probes is the silver metalization of AuNRs. Herein, an unprecedented idea is presented to expand the variety of multicolorimetric sensors relying on the mechanism of silver deposition. We introduce the anti-silver deposition mechanism in which the analyte directly or indirectly restrains the silver coating of AuNRs. To ascertain the anti-silver deposition mechanism, we have exploited the proposed idea for the direct detection of nitrate. The presence of nitrate (as restrainer agent), which was firstly treated with ascorbic acid (as reducing agent), induced a decrease in the spectral blueshift of AuNRs along with diverse sharp color transitions from reddish-orange (blank) to maroon, wine, berry/purple, dark blue, teal, green, seafoam, and mint. The difference in the spectrum area of the probe in the absent (S
o) and presence (S) of nitrate were linearly proportional to nitrate concentration in the range of 0.5–5.5 mmol l−1 and the limit of detection was calculated to be 465 μmol l−1. Furthermore, the practicability of the multicolor probe was assessed by the determination of nitrate in complex environmental samples.
Diagnosing asymmetric bipolar HiPIMS discharges using laser Thomson scattering
Authors: Law Marcus A , Lockwood Estrin Francis , Bowden Mark D , Bradley James W 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The temporal evolution of the electron temperature T
e and density n
e has been measured at two positions on the centre-line of an asymmetrically pulsed bi-polar HiPIMS plasma using incoherent laser Thomson scattering (LTS). The magnetron was operated with a tungsten target in argon atmospheres. The results show that in the plasma afterglow when positive voltage pulses are applied (above a threshold of at least 200 V) significant heating of the electrons can occur in which T
e can rise to values comparable to the those measured in HiPIMS on-time. The on-set of the rises in T
e are significantly delayed relative to the start of the positive pulse, with the delay time decreasing with the magnitude of the positive voltage. The delay is only weakly dependent on the operating pressure. The presence of large positive pulses can also affect the local electron density with n
e seen to decay significantly more quickly in the afterglow than for the corresponding unipolar pulsing case, in which no positive pulse is applied. The LTS measurements were complemented by a time-resolved study of the plasma optical emission (neutral argon and tungsten lines). With increasing positive potentials applied in the afterglow the Ar(I) line intensities grow consistent with increasing T
e. Interestingly, W(I) line intensities are detected in the afterglow with positive voltages >200 V despite the termination of all target sputtering, suggesting that tungsten is being re-sputtered from the vessel walls. With the aid of emissive probe measurements of the spatial and temporal evolution of plasma potential profile along the centre-line we discuss the phenomena of plasma electron heating and wall sputtering in the positive pulse. This is done in terms of the existence of a non-sustained reverse discharge, in which the vessel walls become an effective cathode.
On electrical analysis of Al-rich p-AlGaN films for III-nitride UV light emitters
Authors: Jadhav Aakash , Bagheri Pegah , Klump Andrew , Khachariya Dolar , Mita Seiji , Reddy Pramod , Rathkanthiwar Shashwat , Kirste Ronny , Collazo Ramon , Sitar Zlatko , Sarkar Biplab 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this work, an alternative scheme to estimate the resistivity and ionization energy of Al-rich p-AlGaN epitaxial films is developed using two large-area ohmic contacts. Accordingly, the resistivities measured using current–voltage measurements were observed to corroborate the Hall measurements in the Van der Pauw configuration. A free hole concentration of ∼1.5 × 1017 cm−3 and low ionization energy of ∼65 meV in Mg-doped Al0.7Ga0.3N films is demonstrated. Nearly an order of magnitude lower hydrogen concentration than Mg in the as-grown AlGaN films is thought to reduce the Mg passivation and enable higher hole concentrations in Al-rich p-AlGaN films, compared to p-GaN films. The alternate methodology proposed in this work is expected to provide a simpler pathway to evaluate the electrical characteristics of Al-rich p-AlGaN films for future III-nitride ultraviolet light emitters.
Anisotropic effective redshift and evolving clustering amplitude
Authors: Obuljen Andrej , Percival Will J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A typical galaxy survey geometry results in galaxy pairs of
different separation and angle to the line-of-sight having different
distributions in redshift and consequently a different effective
redshift. However, clustering measurements are analysed assuming
that the clustering is representative of that at a single effective
redshift. We investigate the impact of variations in the galaxy-pair
effective redshift on the large-scale clustering measured in galaxy
surveys. We find that galaxy surveys spanning a large redshift range
have different effective redshifts as a function of both pair
separation and angle. Furthermore, when considering tracers whose
clustering amplitude evolves strongly with redshift, this
combination can result in an additional scale-dependent clustering
anisotropy. We demonstrate the size of this effect on the eBOSS DR16
Quasar sample and show that, while the impact on monopole is
negligible, neglecting this effect can result in a tilt of ∼
4% and ∼40% in quadrupole and hexadecapole, respectively, on
scales ∼1 h
-1Gpc. We discuss strategies to
mitigate this effect when making measurements.
Confinement in electron heated plasmas in Wendelstein 7-X and ASDEX Upgrade; the necessity to control turbulent transport
Authors: Beurskens M.N.A. , Angioni C. , Bozhenkov S. A. , Ford O. , Kiefer C. , Xanthopoulos P. , Turkin Y. , Alcusón J.A. , Baehner J.P. , Beidler C. , Birkenmeier G. , Fable E. , Fuchert G. , Geiger B. , Grulke O. , Hirsch M. , Jakubowski M. , Laqua H.P. , Langenberg A. , Lazerson S. , Pablant N. , Reisner M. , Schneider P. , Scott E.R. , Stange T. , von Stechow A. , Stober J. , Stroth U. , Wegner Th. , Weir G. , Zhang D. , Zocco A. , Wolf R.C. , Zohm H. , the W7-X Team  , the ASDEX Upgrade Team  , the EUROfusion MST1 Team  
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In electron (cyclotron) heated plasmas, in both ASDEX Upgrade (L-mode) and Wendelstein 7-X, clamping of the ion temperature occurs at T
i ∼ 1.5 keV independent of magnetic configuration. The ions in such plasmas are heated through the energy exchange power as

n

e

2

(

T

e

−

T

i

)

/

T

e

3
/
2

, which offers a broad ion heating profile, similar to that offered by alpha heating in future thermonuclear fusion reactors. However, the predominant electron heating may put an additional constraint on the ion heat transport, as the ratio T
e/T
i > 1 can exacerbates ITG/TEM core turbulence. Therefore, in practical terms the strongly ‘stiff’ core transport translates into T
i-clamping in electron heated plasmas. Due to this clamping, electron heated L-mode scenarios, with standard gas fueling, in either tokamaks or stellarators may struggle to reach high normalized ion temperature gradients required in a compact fusion reactor. The comparison shows that core heat transport in neoclassically optimized stellarators is driven by the same mechanisms as in tokamaks. The absence of a strong H-mode temperature edge pedestal in stellarators, sofar (which, like in tokamaks, could lift the clamped temperature-gradients in the core), puts a strong requirement on reliable and sustainable core turbulence suppression techniques in stellarators.
Helicon full-wave modeling with scrape-off-layer turbulence on the DIII-D tokamak
Authors: Lau Cornwall , Brookman Michael , Dimits Andris , Dudson Ben , Martin Elijah , Pinsker Robert I. , Thomas Matt , Van Compernolle Bart 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Helicon waves have been recently proposed as an off-axis current drive actuator due to their expected high current drive efficiency in the mid-radius region in high beta tokamaks. This paper focuses on a numerical study to better understand effects of scrape-off-layer (SOL) turbulence on helicon wave propagation and absorption on the DIII-D tokamak using a recently developed helicon full-wave model with turbulent density inputs from synthetic single wavelength SOL turbulence and first-principles HERMES multi-wavelength turbulence models. With both input turbulence models, three key effects are observed: the helicon wave can scatter to undesirable locations in the plasma, large helicon wave electric fields can form in localized regions near the SOL turbulence, and the helicon wave can mode convert to slow waves in the SOL. This is shown to cause helicon wave refraction to undesirable locations and strong helicon wave absorption in the SOL resulting in significantly less helicon wave power in the core plasma. Using synthetic SOL turbulence, the simulations additionally show that high amplitudes and long wavelengths greater than a few cm on average have the largest effect on modifying the helicon wave propagation and absorption; the modeling predicts, for example, that approximately 60% of helicon power can be absorbed in the SOL for ñ/n ∼ 0.8 and lambda_perp ∼ 0.05 m. Several potential physical mechanisms that may explain the interaction of helicon waves with SOL turbulence in these simulations are discussed.
Numerical Analysis of Solidification Behavior during Laser Welding Nickel-based Single-crystal Superalloy Part IV: Optimization of Thermo-metallurgical Factors
Authors: Gao Zhiguo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Important metallurgical factors, such as alloying aluminum redistribution, supersaturation and undercooling of dendrite tip around solid/liquid interface, are separately optimized to alleviate stray grain formation and columnar/equiaxed transition (CET) with series of welding conditions and provide a very efficient method for microstructure control through modification of growth kinetics of dendrite tip under nonequilibrium solidification conditions of ternary Ni-Cr-Al molten pool. Asymmetrical (001)/[110] welding configuration is inferior to symmetrical (001)/[100] welding configuration, because overall area-weighted alloying redistribution, supersaturation and undercooling of dendrite tip throughout the solid/liquid interface of weld pool are consistently severer to exacerbate solidification behavior and microstructure development and incur morphology instability of columnar/equiaxed transition. High heat input, such as combination of higher laser power and slower welding speed, monotonically increases aluminum enrichment, supersaturation and undercooling of dendrite tip near solidification interface to simultaneously deteriorate nucleation and growth of stray grain formation and weaken columnar dendrite morphology, while low heat input, such as combination of lower laser power and faster welding speed, decreases solute buildup, relieves supersaturation and beneficially suppresses dendrite tip undercooling to minimize equiaxed dendrite morphology in the crack-susceptible region, and thereby facilitate single-crystal epitaxial growth with decrease of thermo-metallurgical factors for columnar/equiaxed transition in order to provide prerequisite for optimization of welding conditions. Favorable solidification conditions are obtainable with preferential crystallographic orientation to eliminate columnar/equiaxed transition under which the epitaxy of single-crystal metallurgical properties across fusion boundary of substrate is predominantly promoted to essentially reduce stray grain formation in (001)/[100] welding configuration, and is kinetically capable of significant reduction of microstructure anomalies and nonuniform solidification behavior. The useful relationship among welding conditions, alloying aluminum redistribution, supersaturation and undercooling of dendrite tip is properly established within dendrite stability range through thorough analysis. In addition, the validation of theoretical predictions is fairly reasonable by the experiment results. It is worth that the contributions of kinetics-related solidification phenomena with advancement of solid/liquid interface are imposed altogether to understand why stray grain formation occurs on the basis of controlling mechanism of minimum undercooling or minimum velocity by the reproducible methodology procedure.
Influence of Recorded Pattern on Background Interference impact in Magnetic Recording
Authors: Chaiduangsri Nuttapon , Kaitwanidvilai Somyot , Tongsomporn Damrongsak 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper discusses the impact of background interference on a recorded pattern for heat-assisted magnetic recording technology (HAMR). Several patterns of the background track were examined, with the log bit error rate and signal to noise ratio measured via a spin-stand tester using HAMR head and media. It was found that the low frequency pattern gave the highest BER and SNR loss due to the strong magnetic field from the adjacent tracks. Similar to its practical use, the PRBS pattern also showed high interference. These observations may be used to support HDD areal density growth.
Development of a front-end electronics for thin-gap resistive plate chamber
Authors: Ge J.J. , Li Q.Y. , Su C. , Xue Z.W. , Liu Y.W. , Sun Y.J. , Liang H. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
To cope with the challenge of high hit rates in some
applications, the new-generation large-area Resistive Plate Chamber
(RPC) with 1 mm thin gap was proposed. Compared to the RPC
generation presently, the signal of the thin-gap RPC is much weaker
(of the order of hundreds of μV) and faster (pulse width of about
5 ns). Hence a new-generation Front-End (FE) electronics needs to
be developed for the thin-gap RPC. The FE board contains 8
independent electronic channels, each with an amplifier, a
discriminator, and a Low-Voltage Differential Signaling (LVDS)
transmitter. The amplifier is made of discrete components, with
particular emphasis on SiGe:C transistors. A simplified but stable
power system is designed for the FE board, and its status can be
monitored in real-time. The test results show that the overall
charge gain of the FE amplifier reaches 0.4 mV/fC, with very low
noise (lower than 700 μV RMS with up to 10 pF input detector
capacitance), and good linearity when the amplitude of the input
amplitude is lower than 3 mV. The -3-dB bandwidth of the
amplifier reaches 154 MHz. The jitter caused by the electronics
(including amplifier, discriminator and LVDS transmitter) is around
10 ps when the threshold voltage is higher than 20 mV. The maximum
event rate per channel exceeds 20 MHz. The cosmic ray test was
conducted with two FE boards mounted on a 1 mm thin-gap RPC of
1.4 × 0.4 m2 area. The efficiency of the detector system
reaches 95% when the threshold voltage is 20 mV, with almost no
accidental coincidence event. The overall time resolution of the
detector system is 484 ps. The performance of our FE electronics
satisfies the requirement of the thin-gap RPC.
Three ways social identity shapes climate change adaptation
Authors: Barnett Jon , Graham Sonia , Quinn Tara , Adger W Neil , Butler Catherine 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Adaptation to climate change is inescapably influenced by processes of social identity—how people perceive themselves, others, and their place in the world around them. Yet there is sparse evidence into the specific ways in which identity processes shape adaptation planning and responses. This paper proposes three key ways to understand the relationship between identity formation and adaptation processes: (a) how social identities change in response to perceived climate change risks and threats; (b) how identity change may be an objective of adaptation; and (c) how identity issues can constrain or enable adaptive action. It examines these three areas of focus through a synthesis of evidence on community responses to flooding and subsequent policy responses in Somerset county, UK and the Gippsland East region in Australia, based on indepth longitudinal data collected among those experiencing and enacting adaptation. The results show that adaptation policies are more likely to be effective when they give individuals confidence in the continuity of their in-groups, enhance the self-esteem of these groups, and develop their sense of self-efficacy. These processes of identity formation and evolution are therefore central to individual and collective responses to climate risks.
Quantum combinatorial designs and k-uniform states
Authors: Zang Yajuan , Facchi Paolo , Tian Zihong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Goyeneche et al [2018 Phys. Rev. A
97 062326] introduced several classes of quantum combinatorial designs, namely quantum Latin squares, quantum Latin cubes, and the notion of orthogonality on them. They also showed that mutually orthogonal quantum Latin arrangements can be entangled in the same way in which quantum states are entangled. Moreover, they established a relationship between quantum combinatorial designs and a remarkable class of entangled states called k-uniform states, i.e. multipartite pure states such that every reduction to k parties is maximally mixed. In this article, we put forward the notions of incomplete quantum Latin squares and orthogonality on them and present construction methods for mutually orthogonal quantum Latin squares and mutually orthogonal quantum Latin cubes. Furthermore, we introduce the notions of generalized mutually orthogonal quantum Latin squares and generalized mutually orthogonal quantum Latin cubes, which are equivalent to quantum orthogonal arrays of size d
2 and d
3, respectively, and thus naturally provide two- and three-uniform states.
Absorbed driven diffusion can provide positive heat and work output
Authors: Chvosta Petr 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We investigate overdamped Brownian motion in a fluctuating potential on a one-dimensional interval bordered by absorbing boundaries. The potential switches randomly between the ∨-shaped and the ∧-shaped form and is symmetric with respect to the origin. We derive exact expressions describing the absorption process, dynamics and stochastic energetics of the particle. The mean absorption time can exhibit a pronounced minimum as the function of the potential switching rate. Moreover, there exists a parameter region where both the output work and the released heat are positive. We give a plausible explanation for this phenomenon based on typical statistical features of absorbed trajectories. The presented analytical method can be generalized to other models based on dichotomous switching between two potential shapes.