bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of incident malnutrition—a nutritionDay analysis in 11,923 nursing home residents
Authors: Torbahn Gabriel , Sulz Isabella , Großhauser Franz , Hiesmayr Michael J. , Kiesswetter Eva , Schindler Karin , Sieber Cornel C. , Visser Marjolein , Weber Jasmin , Volkert Dorothee 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background/Objectives
Malnutrition (MN) in nursing home (NH) residents is associated with poor outcome. In order to identify those with a high risk of incident MN, the knowledge of predictors is crucial. Therefore, we investigated predictors of incident MN in older NH-residents.

Subjects/Methods
NH-residents participating in the nutritionDay-project (nD) between 2007 and 2018, aged ≥65 years, with complete data on nutritional status at nD and after 6 months and without MN at nD. The association of 17 variables (general characteristics (n = 3), function (n = 4), nutrition (n = 1), diseases (n = 5) and medication (n = 4)) with incident MN (weight loss ≥ 10% between nD and follow-up (FU) or BMI (kg/m2) < 20 at FU) was analyzed in univariate generalized estimated equation (GEE) models. Significant (p < 0.1) variables were selected for multivariate GEE-analyses. Effect estimates are presented as odds ratios and their respective 99.5%-confidence intervals.

Results
Of 11,923 non-malnourished residents, 10.5% developed MN at FU. No intake at lunch (OR 2.79 [1.56–4.98]), a quarter (2.15 [1.56–2.97]) or half of the meal eaten (1.72 [1.40–2.11]) (vs. three-quarter to complete intake), the lowest BMI-quartile (20.0–23.0) (1.86 [1.44–2.40]) (vs. highest (≥29.1)), being between the ages of 85 and 94 years (1.46 [1.05; 2.03]) (vs. the youngest age-group 65–74 years)), severe cognitive impairment (1.38 [1.04; 1.84]) (vs. none) and being immobile (1.28 [1.00–1.62]) (vs. mobile) predicted incident MN in the final model.

Conclusion
10.5% of non-malnourished NH-residents develop MN within 6 months. Attention should be paid to high-risk groups, namely residents with poor meal intake, low BMI, severe cognitive impairment, immobility, and older age.
Comparative survival analysis of multiparametric tests—when molecular tests disagree—A TEAM Pathology study
Authors: Bartlett John M. S. , Bayani Jane , Kornaga Elizabeth , Xu Keying , Pond Greg R. , Piper Tammy , Mallon Elizabeth , Yao Cindy Q. , Boutros Paul C. , Hasenburg Annette , Dunn J. A. , Markopoulos Christos , Dirix Luc , Seynaeve Caroline , van de Velde Cornelis J. H. , Stein Robert C. , Rea Daniel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMultiparametric assays for risk stratification are widely used in the management of both node negative and node positive hormone receptor positive invasive breast cancer. Recent data from multiple sources suggests that different tests may provide different risk estimates at the individual patient level. The TEAM pathology study consists of 3284 postmenopausal ER+ve breast cancers treated with endocrine therapy Using genes comprising the following multi-parametric tests OncotypeDx®, Prosigna™ and MammaPrint®signatures were trained to recapitulate true assay results. Patients were then classified into risk groups and survival assessed. Whilst likelihoodχ2ratios suggested limited value for combining tests, Kaplan–Meier and LogRank tests within risk groups suggested combinations of tests provided statistically significant stratification of potential clinical value. Paradoxically whilst Prosigna-trained results stratified Oncotype-trained subgroups across low and intermediate risk categories, only intermediate risk Prosigna-trained cases were further stratified by Oncotype-trained results. Both Oncotype-trained and Prosigna-trained results further stratified MammaPrint-trained low risk cases, and MammaPrint-trained results also stratified Oncotype-trained low and intermediate risk groups but not Prosigna-trained results. Comparisons between existing multiparametric tests are challenging, and evidence on discordance between tests in risk stratification presents further dilemmas. Detailed analysis of the TEAM pathology study suggests a complex inter-relationship between test results in the same patient cohorts which requires careful evaluation regarding test utility. Further prognostic improvement appears both desirable and achievable.
Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater: a comprehensive and critical review
Authors: Qasem Naef A. A. , Mohammed Ramy H. , Lawal Dahiru U. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRemoval of heavy metal ions from wastewater is of prime importance for a clean environment and human health. Different reported methods were devoted to heavy metal ions removal from various wastewater sources. These methods could be classified into adsorption-, membrane-, chemical-, electric-, and photocatalytic-based treatments. This paper comprehensively and critically reviews and discusses these methods in terms of used agents/adsorbents, removal efficiency, operating conditions, and the pros and cons of each method. Besides, the key findings of the previous studies reported in the literature are summarized. Generally, it is noticed that most of the recent studies have focused on adsorption techniques. The major obstacles of the adsorption methods are the ability to remove different ion types concurrently, high retention time, and cycling stability of adsorbents. Even though the chemical and membrane methods are practical, the large-volume sludge formation and post-treatment requirements are vital issues that need to be solved for chemical techniques. Fouling and scaling inhibition could lead to further improvement in membrane separation. However, pre-treatment and periodic cleaning of membranes incur additional costs. Electrical-based methods were also reported to be efficient; however, industrial-scale separation is needed in addition to tackling the issue of large-volume sludge formation. Electric- and photocatalytic-based methods are still less mature. More attention should be drawn to using real wastewaters rather than synthetic ones when investigating heavy metals removal. Future research studies should focus on eco-friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable materials and methods.
Transforming obstetric ultrasound into data science using eye tracking, voice recording, transducer motion and ultrasound video
Authors: Drukker Lior , Sharma Harshita , Droste Richard , Alsharid Mohammad , Chatelain Pierre , Noble J. Alison , Papageorghiou Aris T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUltrasound is the primary modality for obstetric imaging and is highly sonographer dependent. Long training period, insufficient recruitment and poor retention of sonographers are among the global challenges in the expansion of ultrasound use. For the past several decades, technical advancements in clinical obstetric ultrasound scanning have largely concerned improving image quality and processing speed. By contrast, sonographers have been acquiring ultrasound images in a similar fashion for several decades. The PULSE (Perception Ultrasound by Learning Sonographer Experience) project is an interdisciplinary multi-modal imaging study aiming to offer clinical sonography insights and transform the process of obstetric ultrasound acquisition and image analysis by applying deep learning to large-scale multi-modal clinical data. A key novelty of the study is that we record full-length ultrasound video with concurrent tracking of the sonographer’s eyes, voice and the transducer while performing routine obstetric scans on pregnant women. We provide a detailed description of the novel acquisition system and illustrate how our data can be used to describe clinical ultrasound. Being able to measure different sonographer actions or model tasks will lead to a better understanding of several topics including how to effectively train new sonographers, monitor the learning progress, and enhance the scanning workflow of experts.
Magnetism in quasi-two-dimensional tri-layer La2.1Sr1.9Mn3O10 manganite
Authors: Tiwari Jeetendra Kumar , Kumar Birendra , Chauhan Harish Chandr , Ghosh Subhasis 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe tri-layer La$$_{3-3x}$$

3
-
3
x

Sr$$_{1+3x}$$

1
+
3
x

Mn$$_{3}$$

3

O$$_{10}$$

10

manganites of Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) series are naturally arranged layered structure with alternate stacking of ω-MnO$$_2$$

2

(ω = 3) planes and rock-salt type block layers (La, Sr)$$_2$$

2

O$$_2$$

2

along c-axis. The dimensionality of the RP series manganites depends on the number of perovskite layers and significantly affects the magnetic and transport properties of the system. Generally, when a ferromagnetic material undergoes a magnetic phase transition from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic state, the magnetic moment of the system becomes zero above the transition temperature (T$$ _{C} $$

C

). However, the tri-layer La$$_{2.1}$$

2.1

Sr$$_{1.9}$$

1.9

Mn$$_{3}$$

3

O$$_{10}$$

10

shows non-zero magnetic moment above T$$ _{C} $$

C

and also another transition at higher temperature T$$ ^{*} \approx $$

∗

≈

263 K. The non-zero magnetization above T$$ _{C} $$

C

emphasizes that the phase transition in tri-layer La$$_{2.1}$$

2.1

Sr$$_{1.9}$$

1.9

Mn$$_{3}$$

3

O$$_{10}$$

10

not a ferromagnetic to paramagnetic state. We show here the non-zero magnetic moment above T$$ _{C} $$

C

is due to the quasi-two-dimensional nature of the tri-layer La$$_{2.1}$$

2.1

Sr$$_{1.9}$$

1.9

Mn$$_{3}$$

3

O$$_{10}$$

10

manganite. The scaling of the magnetic entropy change confirms the second-order phase transition and the critical behavior of phase transition has been studied around T$$_C$$

C

to understand the low dimensional magnetism in tri-layer La$$_{2.1}$$

2.1

Sr$$_{1.9}$$

1.9

Mn$$_{3}$$

3

O$$_{10}$$

10

. We have obtained the critical exponents for tri-layer La$$_{2.1}$$

2.1

Sr$$_{1.9}$$

1.9

Mn$$_{3}$$

3

O$$_{10}$$

10

, which belong to the short-range two-dimensional (2D)-Ising universality class. The low dimensional magnetism in tri-layer La$$_{2.1}$$

2.1

Sr$$_{1.9}$$

1.9

Mn$$_{3}$$

3

O$$_{10}$$

10

manganite is also explained with the help of renormalization group theoretical approach for short-range 2D-Ising systems. It has been shown that the layered structure of tri-layer La$$_{2.1}$$

2.1

Sr$$_{1.9}$$

1.9

Mn$$_{3}$$

3

O$$_{10}$$

10

results in three different types of interactions intra-planer ($$ J_{ab} $$

J

ab

), intra-tri-layer ($$ J_{c} $$

J
c

) and inter-tri-layer ($$ J' $$

J
′

) such that $$ J_{ab}> J_{c}>> J' $$

J

ab

>

J
c

>
>

J
′

and competition among these give rise to the canted antiferromagnetic spin structure above T$$ _{C} $$

C

. Based on the similar magnetic interaction in bi-layer manganite, we propose that the tri-layer La$$_{2.1}$$

2.1

Sr$$_{1.9}$$

1.9

Mn$$_{3}$$

3

O$$_{10}$$

10

should be able to host the skyrmion below T$$ _{C} $$

C

due to its strong anisotropy and layered structure.
Identification of anticancer drug target genes using an outside competitive dynamics model on cancer signaling networks
Authors: Tran Tien-Dzung , Pham Duc-Tinh 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEach cancer type has its own molecular signaling network. Analyzing the dynamics of molecular signaling networks can provide useful information for identifying drug target genes. In the present study, we consider an on-network dynamics model—the outside competitive dynamics model—wherein an inside leader and an opponent competitor outside the system have fixed and different states, and each normal agent adjusts its state according to a distributed consensus protocol. If any normal agent links to the external competitor, the state of each normal agent will converge to a stable value, indicating support to the leader against the impact of the competitor. We determined the total support of normal agents to each leader in various networks and observed that the total support correlates with hierarchical closeness, which identifies biomarker genes in a cancer signaling network. Of note, by experimenting on 17 cancer signaling networks from the KEGG database, we observed that 82% of the genes among the top 3 agents with the highest total support are anticancer drug target genes. This result outperforms those of four previous prediction methods of common cancer drug targets. Our study indicates that driver agents with high support from the other agents against the impact of the external opponent agent are most likely to be anticancer drug target genes.
Pre-harvest spray of GABA and spermine delays postharvest senescence and alleviates chilling injury of gerbera cut flowers during cold storage
Authors: Mohammadi Meisam , Aelaei Mitra , Saidi Mehdi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractShort vase life, capitulum wilting, neck bending, and postharvest chilling injury (CI) are major disorders have negative impact on quality and marketing of gerbera cut flowers. Low storage temperatures prolonging the vase life, but on the other hand leads serious CI which decreases the quality and consumer preferences. Spermine (SPER) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were identified as anti-aging factors delay the senescence and elevate the chilling tolerance in many species. Greenhouse-grown gerbera cv. ‘Stanza’ sprayed with 2 mM SPER and 1 mM GABA twice (2 T) or thrice (3 T). Cut flowers were stored at 1.5 °C and 8 °C postharvest to study the effects of GABA and SPER on senescence and CI. Vase life, CI and quality of cut flowers were improved by GABA and SPER treatments. No CI was observed in GABA-treated flowers at 1.5 °C; while, flowers sprayed with water showed severe CI. GABA treatments efficiently prolonged the vase life for 6–7 days more than the control (15 days). GABA and SPER increased the fresh weight, solution uptake, protein and proline contents, catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities, while decreased the electrolyte leakage, H2O2, and malondialdehyde contents, polyphenol oxidase, lipoxygenase, and phospholipase D activities. GABA and SPER significantly prolonged the vase life and prevented degradation of proteins and chilling damage and increased capacity of detoxifying and scavenging of H2O2 and reactive oxygen species (ROS), led to alleviate the negative consequences of the senescence and CI.
Trends in underweight, stunting, and wasting prevalence and inequality among children under three in Indian states, 1993–2016
Authors: Karlsson Omar , Kim Rockli , Sarwal Rakesh , James K. S. , Subramanian S. V. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractChild undernutrition remains high in India with far-reaching consequences for child health and development. Anthropometry reflects undernutrition. We examined the state-level trends in underweight, stunting, and wasting prevalence and inequality by living standards using four rounds of the National Family Health Surveys in 26 states in India, conducted in 1992–1993, 1998–1999, 2005–2006, and 2015–2016. The average annual reduction (AAR) for underweight ranged from 0.04 percentage points (pp) (95% CI − 0.12, 0.20) in Haryana to 1.05 pp (95% CI 0.88, 1.22) in West Bengal for underweight; 0.35 pp (95% CI 0.11, 0.59) in Manipur to 1.47 (95% CI 1.19, 1.75) in Himachal Pradesh for stunting; and − 0.65 pp (95% CI − 0.77, − 0.52) in Haryana to 0.36 pp (95% CI 0.22, 0.51) in Bihar & Jharkhand for wasting. We find that change in the pp difference between children with the poorest and richest household living standards varied by states: statistically significant decline (increase) was observed in 5 (3) states for underweight, 5 (4) states for stunting, and 2 (1) states for wasting. Prevalence of poor anthropometric outcomes as well as disparities by states and living standards remain a problem in India.
Significance of peripheral blood indexes in differential diagnoses of SARS-CoV-2 and New Bunia virus
Authors: He Wentao , Liu Xiaoyi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe aimed to provide a laboratory basis for differential diagnosis of COVID-19 and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). Clinical data were collected from 32 COVID-19 patients (2019-nCoV group), 31 SFTS patients (SFTS group) and 30 healthy controls (control group). For each group of hospitalized patients, a retrospective analysis was performed on specific indices, including cytokines, T-lymphocyte subsets, routine blood parameters, C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the indices revealed the differences among groups. Compared with the 2019-nCoV group, the SFTS group had a significantly and greatly decreased counts of WBC, absolute lymphocyte, PLT and absolute CD4+ T lymphocyte (P < 0.05); the IL-6, TNF-α, D-D and PCT levels of the SFTS group were higher than those of the 2019-nCoV group (P < 0.05). Compared with those of the SFTS group, the CRP and FIB levels of the 2019-nCoV group were greatly increased (P < 0.05). The ROC curves showed that area under the curves (AUCs) for FIB, PLT and TNF-α were greater than 0.85, demonstrating high diagnostic value. At the initial stage of SARS-CoV-2 or SFTS virus infection, PLT, FIB and TNF-α have definitive clinical value for the early and differential diagnosis of these two infections.
Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis provides insight into the regulation of leaf senescence in rice
Authors: Xue Jiao , Lu Dongbai , Wang Shiguang , Lu Zhanhua , Liu Wei , Wang Xiaofei , Fang Zhiqiang , He Xiuying 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLeaf senescence is one of the most precisely modulated developmental process and affects various agronomic traits of rice. Anti-senescence rice varieties are important for breeding application. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the metabolic regulatory process of leaf senescence in rice. In this study, we performed transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of the flag leaves in Yuenong Simiao (YN) and YB, two indica rice cultivars that differ in terms of their leaf senescence. We found 8524 genes/204 metabolites were differentially expressed/accumulated in YN at 30 days after flowering (DAF) compared to 0 DAF, and 8799 genes/205 metabolites were differentially expressed in YB at 30 DAF compared to 0 DAF. Integrative analyses showed that a set of genes and metabolites involved in flavonoid pathway were significantly enriched. We identified that relative accumulation of PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE (PAL), CINNAMATE 4-HYDROXYLASE (C4H), 4-COUMAROYL-COA LIGASE (4CL), CHALCONE SYNTHASE (CHS) and CHALCONE ISOMERASE (CHI) in YN30/0 was higher than that in YB30/0. Three flavonoid derivatives, including phloretin, luteolin and eriodictyol, showed lower abundances in YB than in YN at 30 DAF. We further revealed a MYB transcription factor, which is encoded by OsR498G0101613100 gene, could suppress the expression of CHI and CHS. Our results suggested a comprehensive analysis of leaf senescence in a view of transcriptome and metabolome and would contribute to exploring the molecular mechanism of leaf senescence in rice.
In vitro Interleukin-7 treatment partially rescues MAIT cell dysfunction caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Hubrack Satanay , Al-Nesf Maryam Ali , Agrebi Nourhen , Raynaud Christophe , Khattab Mohammed Abu , Thomas Merlin , Ibrahim Tayseer , Taha Salma , Dermime Said , Merhi Maysaloun , Kulinski Michal , Steinhoff Martin , Tang Patrick , Lo Bernice 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMAIT cells have been shown to be activated upon several viral infections in a TCR-independent manner by responding to inflammatory cytokines secreted by antigen-presenting cells. Recently, a few studies have shown a similar activation of MAIT cells in response to severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. In this study, we investigate the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the frequency and phenotype of MAIT cells by flow cytometry, and we test in vitro stimulation conditions on the capacity to enhance or rescue the antiviral function of MAIT cells from patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Our study, in agreement with recently published studies, confirmed the decline in MAIT cell frequency of hospitalized donors in comparison to healthy donors. MAIT cells of COVID-19 patients also had lower expression levels of TNF-alpha, perforin and granzyme B upon stimulation with IL-12 + IL-18. 24 h’ incubation with IL-7 successfully restored perforin expression levels in COVID-19 patients. Combined, our findings support the growing evidence that SARS-CoV-2 is dysregulating MAIT cells and that IL-7 treatment might improve their function, rendering them more effective in protecting the body against the virus.
EGR1 and RXRA transcription factors link TGF-β pathway and CCL2 expression in triple negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Gorbacheva Alisa M. , Uvarova Aksinya N. , Ustiugova Alina S. , Bhattacharyya Arindam , Korneev Kirill V. , Kuprash Dmitry V. , Mitkin Nikita A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTransforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is the main cytokine responsible for the induction of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of breast cancer cells, which is a hallmark of tumor transformation to the metastatic phenotype. Recently, research demonstrated that the chemokine CCL2 gene expression level directly correlates with the TGF-β activity in breast cancer patients. CCL2 attracts tumor-associated macrophages and is, therefore, considered as an important inductor of breast cancer progression; however, the precise mechanisms underlying its regulation by TGF-β are unknown. Here, we studied the behavior of the CCL2 gene in MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937 breast cancer cells representing mesenchymal-like phenotype activated by TGF-β. Using bioinformatics, deletion screening and point mutagenesis, we identified binding sites in the CCL2 promoter and candidate transcription factors responsible for its regulation by TGF-β. Among these factors, only the knock-down of EGR1 and RXRA made CCL2 promoter activity independent of TGF-β. These factors also demonstrated binding to the CCL2 promoter in a TGF-β-dependent manner in a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, and point mutations in the EGR1 and RXRA binding sites totally abolished the effect of TGF-β. Our results highlight the key role of EGR1 and RXRA transcription factors in the regulation of CCL2 gene in response to TGF-β pathway.
Quantifying superspreading for COVID-19 using Poisson mixture distributions
Authors: Kremer Cécile , Torneri Andrea , Boesmans Sien , Meuwissen Hanne , Verdonschot Selina , Vanden Driessche Koen , Althaus Christian L. , Faes Christel , Hens Niel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe number of secondary cases, i.e. the number of new infections generated by an infectious individual, is an important parameter for the control of infectious diseases. When individual variation in disease transmission is present, like for COVID-19, the distribution of the number of secondary cases is skewed and often modeled using a negative binomial distribution. However, this may not always be the best distribution to describe the underlying transmission process. We propose the use of three other offspring distributions to quantify heterogeneity in transmission, and we assess the possible bias in estimates of the mean and variance of this distribution when the data generating distribution is different from the one used for inference. We also analyze COVID-19 data from Hong Kong, India, and Rwanda, and quantify the proportion of cases responsible for 80% of transmission,$$p_{80\%}$$p80%, while acknowledging the variation arising from the assumed offspring distribution. In a simulation study, we find that variance estimates may be biased when there is a substantial amount of heterogeneity, and that selection of the most accurate distribution from a set of distributions is important. In addition we find that the number of secondary cases for two of the three COVID-19 datasets is better described by a Poisson-lognormal distribution.