bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Results of Bench Tests of Tube Steels of the Production Tubing with a Chromium Content of 1%, 3% and 5% on a Unit Simulating the Operating Conditions of Producing Wells
Authors: Popkova Yuliya , Petrikevich Pavel , Kaeshko Evgenij , Ksenzov Aleksandr , Gasanov Azer , Kuchenev Vyacheslav 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Currently, most of the fields of RUE Production Association Belorusneft are at a late stage of development, which is characterized by a high water cut of well production. One of the main tasks in such conditions is the search for engineering solutions aimed at preventing corrosion of well equipment during oil production. Under the operating conditions of producing wells of the fields of RUE Production Association Belorusneft, well equipment is subject to electrochemical carbon dioxide corrosion [1]; mainly the inner surface of the tubing is subject to corrosion attack. The average rate of local corrosion in the corrosive environments of the oil fields of Belarus is 2–3 mm/a.
The first cases of corrosion damage to production tubing were identified in 2010. Taking into account the high cost of stainless tubing, since 2011, the technology of inhibitory corrosion protection has been successfully implemented in the fields of Belarus by the method of constant dosing of the reagent into the annulus of production wells. The use of inhibitors made it possible to eliminate well failures due to tubing leakage, extend their service life by at least 4 times and reduce the local corrosion rate to 0.1 mm/a. However, an increase in the number of production wells damaged by corrosion caused by water encroachment of the wells, as well as an increase in the cost of reagents for oilfield chemicals require the use of new technological approaches, the search for alternative, economically more profitable solutions.
Experimental Study on Type and Accuracy Optimization of Sand Control in Sand-Producing Heavy Oil Well
Authors: Bai Jianhua , Zhou Yugang , Wu Huaxiao , Zhao Shunchao , Shang Baobing , Fang Tao 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes a set of methods for selecting the type of sand control screen and optimizing the accuracy in heavy oil Wells, which take into account the requirements of sand control and productivity protection in heavy oil Wells.
Sand retaining experiments are carried out with slotted screen, wire wrapped screen and metal filter screen under the condition of oil and water mixed sand carrying flow. In order to optimize the sand control screen suitable for heavy oil well, this paper uses the weighted average method to quantitatively evaluate the flow performance, sand retention performance and oil conductivity of the screen. Then, repeat the experiment by changing the accuracy of the screen to optimize the accuracy.
The experimental results show that the permeability of the three kinds of sand control screens is about 5μm2 when only heavy oil plugging occurs. Under the combined plugging action of formation sand and heavy oil, the slotted screen has the highest permeability, and its conductivity to heavy oil is 10% higher than that of the other two screens. The slotted screen and wire wrapped screen have the higher sand retention performance, with a sand retention rate of about 90%. Through the quantitative evaluation of the sand control performance of three kinds of screens in different production stages of heavy oil Wells, the slotted screen is selected as the optimal screen. For simulated formation sand with a median particle size of 250μm, the optimal sand control accuracy is 200μm.
This paper provides a quantitative optimization method of screen type and accuracy for sand control design of sand-producing heavy oil Wells, so as to maximize the productivity under the premise of ensuring sand-producing control of heavy oil Wells.
The disability profile of primary health care users may vary depending on the type of care and musculoskeletal pain characteristics
Authors: Ferreira Fernanda de Assis da Costa , de Góes Angela Baroni , Casarotto Raquel Aparecida , Fernandes Tiótrefis Gomes , de Castro Shamyr Sulyvan , Schmitt Ana Carolina Basso 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: One of the biggest current challenges for Primary Health Care is dealing with the increased demand for chronic diseases that have resulted in greater disabilities in the population.Objective: To investigate the relationship between sociodemographic factors, musculoskeletal pain and its characteristics and the type of care in primary health care with self-reported disability.Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study, interviewing individuals selected from spontaneous demand for health care in two types of care, the health center and family health. Disability was investigated using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) 2.0 and characteristics of intensity, frequency, duration, number of pain sites and regions. Measures of association between predictors and disability were performed with non-parametric statistical tests, and non-parametric regression models were presented for pain characteristics and for the general population.Results: 6.0% of the overall sample had severe level of disability, health center users had more self-reported disability than family health users (p<0.001). Fewer years of life (p=0.034) and lower per capita income quintile (p=0.014) were associated with greater disability. The most intense pain and in the greatest number of places increased the disability score by 1.8 (CI95%=1.0-2.6) and 6.3 (CI95%=0.1-12.2) points, respectively.Conclusion: Users who had more disabilities sought out spontaneous demand care units of the health center type, had lower per capita income, presented musculoskeletal pain of worse intensity and in a greater number of places.
Bexarotene-induced Cell Death in Ovarian Cancer Cells Through Caspase-4–mediated pyroptosis
Authors: Kobayashi Tatsuya , Mitsuhashi Akira , Hongying Piao , Shioya Masashi , Nishikimi Kyoko , Yahiro Kinnosuke , Shozu Makio 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Bexarotene is selectively activates retinoid X recepto, whichr is a commonly used anticancer agent for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. In this study, we aimed to investigate the anticancer effect of bexarotene and its underlying mechanism in ovarian cancer in vitro.Methods: The ES2 and NIH:OVACAR3 ovarian cancer cell lines were treated with 0, 5, 10, or 20 µM bexarotene. After 24 hours, cell number measurement and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity assay were performed. The effect of bexarotene on CDKN1A expression, pyroptosis, and apoptosis were evaluated.Results: Bexarotene reduced cell proliferation in all concentrations in both cells. At concentrations above 10 µM, it increased extracellular LDH activity with cell rupture. In both cells, 10 µM bexarotene treatment increased the CDKN1A mRNA levels and reduced cell cycle related protein expression. In ES2 cells, caspase-4 and GSDME were activated, whereas caspase-3 was not, indicating that bexarotene-induced cell death might be pyroptosis. Conclusion: A clinical setting dose of bexarotene induced cell cycle arrest and cell death through caspase-4–mediated pyroptosis in ovarian cancer cell lines. Thus, bexarotene may serve as a novel therapeutic agent for ovarian cancer.
WITHDRAWN: Epidemiological Study of Patients Admitted in Intensive Care Unit with Severe Acute Respiratory Illness with a Possible Diagnosis of COVID19 (EPIC19), a Multicentre Study.
Authors: Havaldar Amarja Ashok , Kumar Vinay , Vijayan Balaji , Raj John Michael , Thomas Tinku , Thomas Ria Rachel , Lobo Veronica , Sushmitha Chinny , Chhakchhuak Naom Zorempuii , Kartik Munta , Yerramalle Surya , Misra Krushna Chandra , Sangale Atul , Kamble Shubhangi , Prakash Jay , Khan Mohammad Saif , Kumar Raman 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundGlobal pandemic of COVID 19 has affected many countries. The initial epicenter was in China with gradual spread to various countries including India.For a developing country like India with limited resources and high population, it is worthwhile to know how these patients requiring intensive care admission were managed and the outcome of these patients. To address these issues, a prospective observational study was planned.Methods A multicenter study was conducted from June 2020 to December 2020 including 4 centers across India. Patients > 18 years of age admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU), with the diagnosis of COVID 19 pneumonia confirmed by reverse transcriptase –polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or rapid antigen test (RAT) as applicable were included. Factors associated with ICU mortality were examined using multivariable logistic regression analysis and Cox proportional hazard model. ResultsOf 667 patients were included in the study. ICU mortality was 60 %. In multivariable analysis, history of cerebral vascular accident (CVA), day 1 acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE II) score, need for invasive ventilator support, minimum PO2, fluid balance and complications such as pneumothorax and arrhythmia during ICU admission were associated with mortality. Among these parameters, day 1 need for invasive ventilator support (odds ratio OR: 3.01(1.81, 5.00) and development of arrhythmia (OR 3.85 [1.56, 8.06]) had higher odds of mortality. Cox proportional hazard analysis showed, history of ischemic heart disease (IHD) (Hazard Ratio, HR 1.64, 95% CI:1.13, 2.38), day1 APACHE II (HR 1.03, 95% CI:1.00, 1.07), arterial blood gas (ABG) pH (HR 0.14, 95% CI:0.03, 0.56) and use of therapeutic anticoagulation (HR 0.42,95% CI:0.29, 0.61) as a predictor of 7 days ICU mortality. Daywise trend of ventilator parameters showed dynamic compliance was higher on day3 and 4 in survivors.ConclusionIn this cohort of ICU patients, ICU mortality was 60%. The reason for higher mortality could be the severity of illness as suggested by the day 1 PF ratio (109.31 [77.79-187.26]).Trial Registration-(IEC131/2020, CTRI/2020/06/025858).
Circ-BPTF Associated Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling in COPD Via Promoting Smooth Muscle Cells Proliferation by MiR-486-5p/CEMIP Axis
Authors: Wang Chang-guo , Liu Ying-ying , Zhang Wei-yun , Zhang Meng-lan , Wang Yu-ji , Huang Jian-an , Wang Ran , Jiang Jung-hong , Zeng Da-xiong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

As a kind of non-coding RNA, circle RNA has been proved acting critical role in multiple diseases, including pulmonary hypertension. In this study, we investigated the role of a novel circRNA circ-BPTF, miR-486-5p and the downstream targets in pulmonary vascular remodeling of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients.
Methods

A circRNA microarray was firstly used for circRNAs involved in pulmonary vascular remodeling of COPD patients. Real-time PCR and western blot analysis were performed to identify circ-BPTF, miR-486-5p and cell migration-inducing protein (CEMIP) expression. CCK-8, immunofluorescence and luciferase assay were used for exploring the role of circ-BPTF in proliferation.
Results

The circRNA microarray and real-time PCR analysis showed significant higher levels of circ-BPTF and lower miR-486-5p levels in pulmonary vessels of COPD patients. Hypoxia suppressed miR-486-5p expression but promoted expression of circ-BPTF and CEMIP in human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) in vitro. The loss-of-function and gain-of-function experiments showed that circ-BPTF promoted PASMCs proliferation in vitro. Moreover, luciferase assay results indicated that circ-BPTF regulated proliferation by acting as an miR-486-5p sponge. CEMIP was identified as candidate target genes of miR-486-5p by luciferase assay.
Conclusion

Summarily, our study showed that circ-BPTF was associated with pulmonary vascular remodeling of COPD via promoting smooth muscle cells proliferation by miR-486-5p regulating CEMIP pathway.
Physical Climate Change And The Sovereign Risk of Emerging Economies
Authors: Boehm Hannes 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
I show that rising temperatures can detrimentally affect the sovereign creditworthiness of emerging economies. To this end, I collect long-term monthly temperature data of 54 emerging markets. I calculate a country’s temperature deviation from its historical average, which approximates present-day climate change trends. Running regressions from 1994m1-2018m12, I find that higher temperature anomalies lower sovereign bond performances (i.e. increase sovereign risk) significantly for countries that are warmer on average and have lower seasonality. The estimated magnitudes suggest that affected countries likely face significant increases in their sovereign borrowing costs if temperatures continue to rise due to climate change. However, results indicate that stronger institutions can make a country more resilient towards temperature shocks, which holds independent of a country’s climate.
Bacterial Seed Endophytes of the Holoparasitic Cistanche Armena and C. Phelypaea (Orobanchaceae) from Saline Habitats: Semi-Deserts vs Flooded Coasts
Authors: Petrosyan Kristine , Piwowarczyk Renata , Ruraż Karolina , Vangronsveld Jaco , Kaca Wiesław 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The current study compares the bacterial seed endomicrobiomes of the endemic holoparasitic plant species Cistanche armena and C. phelypaea. Both species thrive in habitats that are saline but with a very different soil water status. The study aims to uncover how environmental conditions influence the diversity of the bacterial communities of seeds of these holoparasites and also highlights the physiological activities, several enzymatic and PGP traits of culturable endophytes that may support the tolerance of their hosts to abiotic stresses. A combination of culture-dependent and molecular techniques was employed for the identification of the seed endomicrobiome (culturable and unculturable). From the seeds of both parasitic plant species closely related strains were isolated. Sixteen phyla, 323 genera and 710 bacterial species were identified, mainly Gram negative, halotolerant bacteria with an environmental origin. Most of the isolates were endospore forming, halotolerant and alkaliphile Bacillus spp. which suggests that the endophytic bacteria of C. armena and C. phelypaea seeds possess traits that are correlated with the natural habitat of their hosts. The Paenibacillus strains from both plant species demonstrate similar biochemical traits. Although the seed endophytic microbiomes of C. armena and C. phelypaea contain a high number of common bacterial taxa, also remarkable differences exist. We demonstrated that the diversity of the bacterial communities is related to the environmental conditions, water status or abiotic stresses.
The Reconstruction Accuracy of the Hip Center of Rotation After Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty for Failed Treatment of Acetabular Fractures. Does It Matter?
Authors: Zhang Liang , Chen Mingxue , Ma Zhuyi , Bian Tao , Li Shaoliang , Li Weiyi , Zhou Yixin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
To assess the impaction of reconstruction accuracy of hip center of rotation (COR) on midterm clinical and radiographic results of cementless reconstruction of total hip arthroplasties (THAs) for patients after failed treatment of acetabular fractures.
Methods
One hundred and four patients (107 hips) who underwent THAs after failed treatment of acetabular fractures were retrospectively evaluated and cementless cups and stems were implanted in all hips. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the Harris hip score (HHS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) scoring system. Radiographic results were analyzed by serial perioperative x-rays.
Results
At the latest follow-up examination, the median HHS increased from 52 (42-65) before surgery to 93 (90-97) (p < 0.001) and the median WOMAC decreased from 52 (36-65) before surgery to 5.8 (1.5-8) (p < 0.001). Compared with normal contralateral hip, 79 cups migrated superiorly (0.2-33.6mm) and 22 cups migrated inferiorly (0.2-16.1mm). The distance of superior migration of reconstructed COR was correlated with positive Trendelenburg sign at the latest follow-up examination (r=0.504; p < 0.001). The percentage of postoperative Trendelenburg sign was significantly higher in superior migration subgroup than that in subgroup with anatomical restoration of COR (P=0.015).
Conclusions
Cementless THAs in patients after failed treatment for acetabular fractures achieved predictable clinical and radiographic outcomes. A superiorly migrated hip COR appeared to exert a negative effect on abductor muscle function.
Immortal time bias for life-long conditions in retrospective observational studies using electronic health records
Authors: Tyrer Freya , Bhaskaran Krishnan , Rutherford Mark J 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

Immortal time bias is common in observational studies but is typically described for pharmacoepidemiology studies where there is a delay between cohort entry and treatment initiation.
Methods

This study used the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) and linked national mortality data in England from 2000–2019 to investigate immortal time bias for a specific life-long condition, intellectual disability. Life expectancy (Chiang’s abridged life table approach) was compared for 33,867 exposed and 980,586 unexposed individuals aged 10+ years using five methods: (1) treating immortal time as observation time; (2) excluding time before date of first exposure diagnosis; (3) matching cohort entry to first exposure diagnosis; (4) excluding time before proxy date of entering first exposure diagnosis (by the physician); and (5) treating exposure as a time-dependent measure.
Results

When not considered in the design or analysis (Method 1), immortal time bias led to disproportionately high life expectancy for the exposed population during earlier calendar periods (additional years expected to live: 2000–2004: 65.6 [95% CI: 63.6,67.6]; 2005–2009: 59.9 [58.8,60.9]; 2010–2014: 58.0 [57.1,58.9]; 2015–2019: 58.2 [56.8,59.7]). Date of entry of diagnosis (Method 4) was unreliable in this CPRD cohort. The final methods (Method 2, 3 and 5) appeared to solve the main theoretical problem but residual bias may have remained.
Conclusions

We conclude that immortal time bias is a significant issue for studies of life-long conditions that use electronic health record data and requires careful consideration of how clinical diagnoses are entered onto electronic health record systems.
A Wave Nature-Based Interpretation of The Nonclassical Feature of Photon Bunching On A Beam Splitter
Authors: Ham Byoung 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Born’s rule is key to understanding quantum mechanics based on the probability amplitude for the measurement process of a physical quantity. Based on a typical particle nature of a photon, the quantum feature of photon bunching on a beam splitter between two output photons can be explained by Born’s rule even without clear definition of the relative phase between two input photons. Unlike conventional understanding on this matter, known as the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect, here, we present a new interpretation based on the wave nature of a photon, where the quantum feature of photon bunching is explained through phase basis superposition of the beam splitter. A Mach-Zehnder interferometer is additionally presented to support the correctness of the presented method. As a result, our limited understanding of the quantum feature is deepened via phase basis superposition regarding the destructive quantum interference. Thus, the so-called ‘mysterious’ quantum feature is now clarified by both the definite phase relationship between paired photons and a new term of the phase basis superposition of an optical system.
Triadimefon in Aquatic Environments: Occurrence, Fate, Toxicity and Risk
Authors: Hou Lin , Jin Xiaowei , Liu Na , Luo Ying , Yan Zhenfei , Chen Miao , Liu Yang , Xie Huiyu , Giesy John P. , Wu Fengchang , Xu Jian 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background：As a triazole fungicide, triadimefon is widely used around the world. The ubiquitous occurrence of triadimefon in aquatic environments and potential adverse effects on aquatic organisms have resulted in global concerns. In this review, the current state of knowledge on occurrence, environmental behavior, and toxic effects are presented and used to conduct an assessment of risks posed by current concentrations of triadimefon in aquatic environments. Results: The key findings from this review are that: (1) triadimefon occurred widely in surface waters, with high rates of detection; (2) abiotic degradation of triadimefon was affected by many factors. Stereo-selectivity was found during biotic degradation and metabolism of triadimefon. Different enantiomers can cause various adverse effects, which complicates the assessment and requires enantiomers-specific considerations; (3) triadimefon exposure can affect organisms by causing multiple toxic effects on the thyroid, reproduction system, liver, nervous system as well as carcinogenicity and teratogenicity, and it can also act synergistically with other pesticides. Long-term, low-dose effects were considered to be the main characteristics of toxic effects of triadimefon; (4) results of the risk assessment based on probabilistic relationships represented by Joint Probability Curves (JPCs) indicated that risk of triadimefon was classified as low risk.Conclusion: The concentration data of triadimefon in surface water is relatively less, more work needed to do to detect it. Reproductive toxicity was observed which indicated that triadimefon might result in adverse effects on the population level or even on the ecosystem level. Risk assessments for pesticides that cause long-term and low-dose effects on aquatic organisms such as triadimefon need to consider higher ecology level risk.
Translation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Delphi Definitions of Low Back Pain Prevalence into Swedish (Swedish DOLBaPP)
Authors: Enthoven Paul , Lindbäck Yvonne , Abbott Allan , Gustafsson Emma , Lindholm Elias , Dionne Clermont E , Öberg Birgitta 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Previous studies on the prevalence of low back pain have found large variations between different population-based studies. The use of different definitions could partly explain these differences. In a Delphi study 28 experts in back pain research agreed on standardized items: the "Delphi Definitions of Low Back Pain Prevalence” (DOLBaPP). The Delphi DOLBaPP needs to be adapted to different languages and cultures. The aim was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the English definitions and corresponding Delphi Definitions of Low Back Pain Prevalence (DOLBaPP) questionnaire forms into Swedish.Methods: Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Delphi DOLBaPP into Swedish was conducted following recommended guidelines. After the translation process, an expert committee including medical and language experts independently provided comments on the questionnaire. The pre-final online optimal questionnaire was pretested in 181 employees from the home care, education, and food and retail sectors.Results: The DOLBaPP questionnaire forms were translated successfully into Swedish and cross-culturally adapted with few linguistic changes. Face validity of the translated version of the questionnaire was considered good by the expert committee. In question 2 about low back pain, the expression "was this pain bad enough" was re-worded into "was the pain so strong". In the pre-test 92% of the participants found the questions in the questionnaire clear, 86% that the questionnaire covered the subject adequately, and 88% needed less than five minutes to complete the questionnaire. Fifteen percent had comments including linguistic issues and issues of expanding the content. The comments were not interpreted by the review committee as improving the language nor targeting the aim. After the pre-test, consensus was reached in the review committee on the final DOLBaPP-S.Conclusions: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Delphi Definitions of Low Back Pain Prevalence into Swedish was successful, and the DOLBaPP-S can be used in epidemiological studies on the prevalence of LBP in Swedish speaking populations.