bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paediatric heart transplantation recipients ≥7 years of age receiving donors with pre-existing coronary atherosclerosis showed progressive coronary artery disease
Authors: Kim Mi Jin , Yu Jeong Jin , Cha Seulgi , Baek Jae Suk , Choi Eun Seok , Kwon Bo Sang , Park Chun Soo , Yun Tae-Jin , Kim Young-Hwue 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground:This study aimed to determine the effect of donor-transmitted atherosclerosis on the late aggravation of cardiac allograft vasculopathy in paediatric heart recipients aged ≥7 years.Methods:In total, 48 patients were included and 23 had donor-transmitted atherosclerosis (baseline maximal intimal thickness of >0.5 mm on intravascular ultrasonography). Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for donor-transmitted atherosclerosis. Rates of survival free from the late aggravation of cardiac allograft vasculopathy (new or worsening cardiac allograft vasculopathy on following angiograms, starting 1 year after transplantation) in each patient group were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. The effect of the results of intravascular ultrasonography at 1 year after transplantation on the late aggravation of cardiac allograft vasculopathy, correcting for possible covariates including donor-transmitted atherosclerosis, was examined using the Cox proportional hazards model.Results:The mean follow-up duration after transplantation was 5.97 ± 3.58 years. The log-rank test showed that patients with donor-transmitted atherosclerosis had worse survival outcomes than those without (p = 0.008). Per the multivariate model considering the difference of maximal intimal thickness between baseline and 1 year following transplantation (hazard ratio, 22.985; 95% confidence interval, 1.948–271.250; p = 0.013), donor-transmitted atherosclerosis was a significant covariate (hazard ratio, 4.013; 95% confidence interval, 1.047–15.376; p = 0.043).Conclusion:Paediatric heart transplantation recipients with donor-transmitted atherosclerosis aged ≥7 years had worse late cardiac allograft vasculopathy aggravation-free survival outcomes.
Do children with congenital heart defects meet the vaccination recommendations? Immunisation in children with congenital heart defects
Authors: Remmele Julia , Westphal Dominik S. , Unterleitner Carolin , Becker Romy , Oberhoffer-Fritz Renate , Hager Alfred , Ewert Peter , Wacker-Gussmann Annette 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroduction:Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are the most common congenital malformations. Patients with CHD have a higher morbidity and mortality rate and are at greater risk for infectious diseases. The risk might even be higher if complex CHD occurs and if CHD is associated with additional co-morbidities. Therefore, immunisations in these children are essential.Materials and Methods:Individuals were recruited at the outpatient centre of the Department of Congenital Heart Defects and Pediatric Cardiology at the German Heart Center Munich in the time between February 2016 and February 2017. Included were children between 23 months and 17 years and a diagnosis of CHD. The vaccination certificate aimed to assess the immunization status.Results:In total, 657 children with CHD were included and analysed. Regarding primary immunisation, only 34 % (n = 221) of the children reached the complete vaccination status within the allowed catch-up time. Among these primary immunisation rates, vaccinations against Hepatitis B, Meningococci, Varicella and Pneumococci were found to have the lowest coverage with all being below 80%. The vaccination rate was partly influenced by the previously performed number of surgeries but not by the diagnosis of specific genetic diseases. At the age of school entry, the immunisation rate in children with CHD was also lower than in the comparable healthy population.Conclusion:The vaccination coverage rate in children with CHD is lower than in comparable healthy children, although this is a vulnerable patient group. Further education of parents and treating physicians of children with CHD regarding vaccination is still needed.
Influence of parental physical activity on offspring’s nutritional status: an intergenerational study in the 1993 Pelotas birth cohort
Authors: Blumenberg Cauane , Martins Rafaela Costa , da Silva Shana Ginar , da Silva Bruna Gonçalves Cordeiro , Wehrmeister Fernando C , Gonçalves Helen , Hallal Pedro C , Crochemore-Silva Inácio , Menezes Ana MB 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjective:To investigate the influence of parental physical activity on offspring’s nutritional status in the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort.Design:Birth cohort study.Setting:The main outcomes were overweight and obesity status of children. The main exposure was parental physical activity over time, measured during the 11, 15 and 18 years of age follow-ups. The exposure was operationalised as cumulative, and the most recent measure before the birth of child. We adjusted Poisson regression models with robust variance to evaluate crude and adjusted associations between parental physical activity and offspring’s nutritional status. All analyses were stratified according to the sex of the parent.Participants:A total of 874 members from the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort followed-up at 22 years of age with their first-born child were analysed.Results:Children were, on average, 3·1 years old. Crude analyses showed that the mother’s cumulative physical activity measure had an indirect association with the prevalence of children’s obesity. The most recent maternal physical activity measure before the birth of the child was associated with 41 % lower prevalence of obesity in children, even after adjustment for confounders.Conclusions:The most recent maternal physical activity measure was indirectly associated with the prevalence of obesity in children. No associations were found for fathers, reinforcing the hypothesis of a biological effect of maternal physical activity on offspring’s nutritional status.
Retrospective analysis of portal dosimetry pre-treatment quality assurance of intracranial SRS/SRT VMAT treatment plans
Authors: Osei Ernest , Graves Sarah , Darko Johnson 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground:The complexity associated with the treatment planning and delivery of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) or stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans which employs continuous dynamic modulation of dose rate, field aperture and gantry speed necessitates diligent pre-treatment patient-specific quality assurance (QA). Numerous techniques for pre-treatment VMAT treatment plans QA are currently available with the aid of several different devices including the electronic portal imager (EPID). Although several studies have provided recommendations for gamma criteria for VMAT pre-treatment QA, there are no specifics for SRS/SRT VMAT QA. Thus, we conducted a study to evaluate intracranial SRS/SRT VMAT QA to determine clinical action levels for gamma criteria based on the institutional estimated means and standard deviations.Materials and methods:We conducted a retrospective analysis of 118 EPID patient-specific pre-treatment QA dosimetric measurements of 47 brain SRS/SRT VMAT treatment plans using the integrated Varian solution (RapidArcTM planning, EPID and Portal dosimetry system) for planning, delivery and EPID QA analysis. We evaluated the maximum gamma (γmax), average gamma (γave) and percentage gamma passing rate (%GP) for different distance-to-agreement/dose difference (DTA/DD) criteria and low-dose thresholds.Results:The gamma index analysis shows that for patient-specific SRS/SRT VMAT QA with the portal dosimetry, the mean %GP is ≥98% for 2–3 mm/1–3% and Field+0%, +5% and +10% low-dose thresholds. When applying stricter spatial criteria of 1 mm, the mean %GP is >90% for DD of 2–3% and ≥88% for DD of 1%. The mean γmax ranges: 1·32 ± 1·33–2·63 ± 2·35 for 3 mm/1–3%, 1·57 ± 1·36–2·87 ± 2·29 for 2 mm/1–3% and 2·36 ± 1·83–3·58 ± 2·23 for 1 mm/1–3%. Similarly the mean γave ranges: 0·16 ± 0·06–0·19 ± 0·07 for 3 mm/1–3%, 0·21 ± 0·08–0·27 ± 0·10 for 2 mm/1–3% and 0·34 ± 0·14–0·49 ± 0·17 for 1 mm/1–3%. The mean γmax and mean γave increase with increased DTA and increased DD for all low-dose thresholds.Conclusions:The establishment of gamma criteria local action levels for SRS/SRT VMAT pre-treatment QA based on institutional resources is imperative as a useful tool for standardising the evaluation of EPID-based patient-specific SRS/SRT VMAT QA. Our data suggest that for intracranial SRS/SRT VMAT QA measured with the EPID, a stricter gamma criterion of 1 mm/2% or 1 mm/3% with ≥90% %GP could be used while still maintaining an in-control QA process with no extra burden on resources and time constraints.
Determining Action Reversibility in STRIPS Using Answer Set and Epistemic Logic Programming
Authors: FABER WOLFGANG , MORAK MICHAEL , CHRPA LUKÁŠ 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the context of planning and reasoning about actions and change, we call an action reversible when its effects can be reverted by applying other actions, returning to the original state. Renewed interest in this area has led to several results in the context of the PDDL language, widely used for describing planning tasks. In this paper, we propose several solutions to the computational problem of deciding the reversibility of an action. In particular, we leverage an existing translation from PDDL to Answer Set Programming (ASP), and then use several different encodings to tackle the problem of action reversibility for the STRIPS fragment of PDDL. For these, we use ASP, as well as Epistemic Logic Programming (ELP), an extension of ASP with epistemic operators, and compare and contrast their strengths and weaknesses.
Climate Change Can Accelerate Depletion of Montane Grassland C Stocks
Authors: Wang Na , Xia Longlong , Goodale Christine L. , Butterbach‐Bahl Klaus , Kiese Ralf 
Published: September 2021

AbstractClimate warming and management will likely affect carbon (C) fluxes of montane grassland ecosystems. In this study, we assessed the effect of simultaneous warming (+2°C) and decreased precipitation (−25%) on carbon exchange of montane grasslands in S‐Germany by translocating large intact plant‐soil cores from a high altitude to a low altitude site. Cores received two common grassland management regimes: intensive (4–5 cuts and slurry application) and extensive (1–2 cuts and slurry application). Diurnal patterns of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and total ecosystem respiration (Reco) were measured over 1.5 years in 2–3 weeks intervals during the snow free period. Additional data on environmental controls, that is, photosynthetic active radiation, grass height and soil moisture and temperature, were used to develop empirical models to estimate daily and annual fluxes of gross primary production (GPP) and Reco. Considering the 2 years period (2014 and 2015), we found that, under warmer and slightly drier conditions, both GPP and Reco significantly (p < 0.01) increased (up to 20%) but with a higher temperature sensitivity of Reco, particularly in intensive managed grassland. The higher temperature sensitivity of Reco reduced the NEE by 0.7 t C ha−1 yr−1 for both extensive and intensive management, respectively. Considering additional carbon inputs via slurry and exports via harvest (i.e., annual net ecosystem carbon budget), our results showed that managed grasslands are already a source of C under current climate conditions (1.7–1.8 t ha−1 yr−1) which significantly (p < 0.05) increased under climate warming (2.3–2.9 t ha−1 yr−1).
Microbes on decomposing litter in streams: entering on the leaf or colonizing in the water?
Authors: Hayer Michaela , Wymore Adam S , Hungate Bruce A , Schwartz Egbert , Koch Benjamin J , Marks Jane C 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
When leaves fall in rivers, microbial decomposition commences within hours. Microbial assemblages comprising hundreds of species of fungi and bacteria can vary with stream conditions, leaf litter species, and decomposition stage. In terrestrial ecosystems, fungi and bacteria that enter soils with dead leaves often play prominent roles in decomposition, but their role in aquatic decomposition is less known. Here, we test whether fungi and bacteria that enter streams on senesced leaves are growing during decomposition and compare their abundances and growth to bacteria and fungi that colonize leaves in the water. We employ quantitative stable isotope probing to identify growing microbes across four leaf litter species and two decomposition times. We find that most of the growing fungal species on decomposing leaves enter the water with the leaf, whereas most growing bacteria colonize from the water column. Results indicate that the majority of bacteria found on litter are growing, whereas the majority of fungi are dormant. Both bacterial and fungal assemblages differed with leaf type on the dried leaves and throughout decomposition. This research demonstrates the importance of fungal species that enter with the leaf on aquatic decomposition and the prominence of bacteria that colonize decomposing leaves in the water.
METTL14 aggravates podocyte injury and glomerulopathy progression through N6-methyladenosine-dependent downregulating of Sirt1
Authors: Lu Zhihui , Liu Hong , Song Nana , Liang Yiran , Zhu Jiaming , Chen Jing , Ning Yichun , Hu Jiachang , Fang Yi , Teng Jie , Zou Jianzhou , Dai Yan , Ding Xiaoqiang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPodocytes are known to play a determining role in the progression of proteinuric kidney disease. N6-methyladenosine (m6A), as the most abundant chemical modification in eukaryotic mRNA, has been reported to participate in various pathological processes. However, its role in podocyte injury remains unclear. In this study, we observed the elevated m6A RNA levels and the most upregulated METTL14 expression in kidneys of mice with adriamycin (ADR) and diabetic nephropathy. METTL14 was also evidently increased in renal biopsy samples from patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and diabetic nephropathy and in cultured human podocytes with ADR or advanced glycation end product (AGE) treatment in vitro. Functionally, we generated mice with podocyte-specific METTL14 deletion, and identified METTL14 knockout in podocytes improved glomerular function and alleviated podocyte injury, characterized by activation of autophagy and inhibition of apoptosis and inflammation, in mice with ADR nephropathy. Similar to the results in vivo, knockdown of METTL14 facilitated autophagy and alleviated apoptosis and inflammation in podocytes under ADR or AGE condition in vitro. Mechanically, we identified METTL14 knockdown upregulated the level of Sirt1, a well-known protective deacetylase in proteinuric kidney diseases, in podocytes with ADR or AGE treatment. The results of MeRIP-qPCR and dual-luciferase reporter assay indicated METTL14 promoted Sirt1 mRNA m6A modification and degradation in injured podocytes. Our findings suggest METTL14-dependent RNA m6A modification contributes to podocyte injury through posttranscriptional regulation of Sirt1 mRNA, which provide a potential approach for the diagnosis and treatment of podocytopathies.
Pegasus, a small extracellular peptide enhancing short-range diffusion of Wingless
Authors: Magny Emile G. , Platero Ana Isabel , Bishop Sarah A. , Pueyo Jose I. , Aguilar-Hidalgo Daniel , Couso Juan Pablo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSmall Open Reading Frames (smORFs) coding for peptides of less than 100 amino-acids are an enigmatic and pervasive gene class, found in the tens of thousands in metazoan genomes. Here we reveal a short 80 amino-acid peptide (Pegasus) which enhances Wingless/Wnt1 protein short-range diffusion and signalling. During Drosophila wing development, Wingless has sequential functions, including late induction of proneural gene expression and wing margin development. Pegasus mutants produce wing margin defects and proneural expression loss similar to those of Wingless. Pegasus is secreted, and co-localizes and co-immunoprecipitates with Wingless, suggesting their physical interaction. Finally, measurements of fixed and in-vivo Wingless gradients support that Pegasus increases Wingless diffusion in order to enhance its signalling. Our results unveil a new element in Wingless signalling and clarify the patterning role of Wingless diffusion, while corroborating the link between small open reading frame peptides, and regulation of known proteins with membrane-related functions.
Pathway of Hsp70 interactions at the ribosome
Authors: Lee Kanghyun , Ziegelhoffer Thomas , Delewski Wojciech , Berger Scott E. , Sabat Grzegorz , Craig Elizabeth A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn eukaryotes, an Hsp70 molecular chaperone triad assists folding of nascent chains emerging from the ribosome tunnel. In fungi, the triad consists of canonical Hsp70 Ssb, atypical Hsp70 Ssz1 and J-domain protein cochaperone Zuo1. Zuo1 binds the ribosome at the tunnel exit. Zuo1 also binds Ssz1, tethering it to the ribosome, while its J-domain stimulates Ssb’s ATPase activity to drive efficient nascent chain interaction. But the function of Ssz1 and how Ssb engages at the ribosome are not well understood. Employing in vivo site-specific crosslinking, we found that Ssb(ATP) heterodimerizes with Ssz1. Ssb, in a manner consistent with the ADP conformation, also crosslinks to ribosomal proteins across the tunnel exit from Zuo1. These two modes of Hsp70 Ssb interaction at the ribosome suggest a functionally efficient interaction pathway: first, Ssb(ATP) with Ssz1, allowing optimal J-domain and nascent chain engagement; then, after ATP hydrolysis, Ssb(ADP) directly with the ribosome.
Surface state-induced barrierless carrier injection in quantum dot electroluminescent devices
Authors: Lee Hyeonjun , Jeong Byeong Guk , Bae Wan Ki , Lee Doh C. , Lim Jaehoon 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe past decade has witnessed remarkable progress in the device efficiency of quantum dot light-emitting diodes based on the framework of organic-inorganic hybrid device structure. The striking improvement notwithstanding, the following conundrum remains underexplored: state-of-the-art devices with seemingly unfavorable energy landscape exhibit barrierless hole injection initiated even at sub-band gap voltages. Here, we unravel that the cause of barrierless hole injection stems from the Fermi level alignment derived by the surface states. The reorganized energy landscape provides macroscopic electrostatic potential gain to promote hole injection to quantum dots. The energy level alignment surpasses the Coulombic attraction induced by a charge employed in quantum dots which adjust the local carrier injection barrier of opposite charges by a relatively small margin. Our finding elucidates how quantum dots accommodate barrierless carrier injection and paves the way to a generalized design principle for efficient electroluminescent devices employing nanocrystal emitters.
Spatial immunophenotypes predict response to anti-PD1 treatment and capture distinct paths of T cell evasion in triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Hammerl Dora , Martens John W. M. , Timmermans Mieke , Smid Marcel , Trapman-Jansen Anita M. , Foekens Renée , Isaeva Olga I. , Voorwerk Leonie , Balcioglu Hayri E. , Wijers Rebecca , Nederlof Iris , Salgado Roberto , Horlings Hugo , Kok Marleen , Debets Reno 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOnly a subgroup of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) responds to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). To better understand lack of response to ICI, we analyze 681 TNBCs for spatial immune cell contextures in relation to clinical outcomes and pathways of T cell evasion. Excluded, ignored and inflamed phenotypes can be captured by a gene classifier that predicts prognosis of various cancers as well as anti-PD1 response of metastatic TNBC patients in a phase II trial. The excluded phenotype, which is associated with resistance to anti-PD1, demonstrates deposits of collagen-10, enhanced glycolysis, and activation of TGFβ/VEGF pathways; the ignored phenotype, also associated with resistance to anti-PD1, shows either high density of CD163+ myeloid cells or activation of WNT/PPARγ pathways; whereas the inflamed phenotype, which is associated with response to anti-PD1, revealed necrosis, high density of CLEC9A+ dendritic cells, high TCR clonality independent of neo-antigens, and enhanced expression of T cell co-inhibitory receptors.
In vivo inducible reverse genetics in patients’ tumors to identify individual therapeutic targets
Authors: Carlet Michela , Völse Kerstin , Vergalli Jenny , Becker Martin , Herold Tobias , Arner Anja , Senft Daniela , Jurinovic Vindi , Liu Wen-Hsin , Gao Yuqiao , Dill Veronika , Fehse Boris , Baldus Claudia D. , Bastian Lorenz , Lenk Lennart , Schewe Denis M. , Bagnoli Johannes W. , Vick Binje , Schmid Jan Philipp , Wilhelm Alexander , Marschalek Rolf , Jost Philipp J. , Miething Cornelius , Riecken Kristoffer , Schmidt-Supprian Marc , Binder Vera , Jeremias Irmela 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHigh-throughput sequencing describes multiple alterations in individual tumors, but their functional relevance is often unclear. Clinic-close, individualized molecular model systems are required for functional validation and to identify therapeutic targets of high significance for each patient. Here, we establish a Cre-ERT2-loxP (causes recombination, estrogen receptor mutant T2, locus of X-over P1) based inducible RNAi- (ribonucleic acid interference) mediated gene silencing system in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of acute leukemias in vivo. Mimicking anti-cancer therapy in patients, gene inhibition is initiated in mice harboring orthotopic tumors. In fluorochrome guided, competitive in vivo trials, silencing of the apoptosis regulator MCL1 (myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1) correlates to pharmacological MCL1 inhibition in patients´ tumors, demonstrating the ability of the method to detect therapeutic vulnerabilities. The technique identifies a major tumor-maintaining potency of the MLL-AF4 (mixed lineage leukemia, ALL1-fused gene from chromosome 4) fusion, restricted to samples carrying the translocation. DUX4 (double homeobox 4) plays an essential role in patients’ leukemias carrying the recently described DUX4-IGH (immunoglobulin heavy chain) translocation, while the downstream mediator DDIT4L (DNA-damage-inducible transcript 4 like) is identified as therapeutic vulnerability. By individualizing functional genomics in established tumors in vivo, our technique decisively complements the value chain of precision oncology. Being broadly applicable to tumors of all kinds, it will considerably reinforce personalizing anti-cancer treatment in the future.
Surface lattice engineering for fine-tuned spatial configuration of nanocrystals
Authors: Jiang Bo , Yuan Yifei , Wang Wei , He Kun , Zou Chao , Chen Wei , Yang Yun , Wang Shun , Yurkiv Vitaliy , Lu Jun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHybrid nanocrystals combining different properties together are important multifunctional materials that underpin further development in catalysis, energy storage, et al., and they are often constructed using heterogeneous seeded growth. Their spatial configuration (shape, composition, and dimension) is primarily determined by the heterogeneous deposition process which depends on the lattice mismatch between deposited material and seed. Precise control of nanocrystals spatial configuration is crucial to applications, but suffers from the limited tunability of lattice mismatch. Here, we demonstrate that surface lattice engineering can be used to break this bottleneck. Surface lattices of various Au nanocrystal seeds are fine-tuned using this strategy regardless of their shape, size, and crystalline structure, creating adjustable lattice mismatch for subsequent growth of other metals; hence, diverse hybrid nanocrystals with fine-tuned spatial configuration can be synthesized. This study may pave a general approach for rationally designing and constructing target nanocrystals including metal, semiconductor, and oxide.