bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating effects of social endorsements on exposure to and engagement with political disagreement on social networking sites*
Authors: Lu Yanqin , Lee Jae Kook 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveSocial networking sites (SNSs) provide users with a variety of opportunities to encounter political disagreement. One important factor of the encounters with disagreement could be social endorsements because SNS users can easily engage with other people's posts via functions, such as liking and retweeting. The goal of this study is to test the hypothesis by examining the relationship between social endorsements, exposure to political disagreement (XPD), and information seeking.MethodsWe use a national survey conducted during the 2016 U.S. presidential election campaign. Ordinary least squares regression models are specified for analysis.ResultsWe find that SNS users who prefer reading political information endorsed by others are more likely to encounter political disagreement. We also find that XPD on SNSs encourages people to search for more information about the counter‐attitudinal posts, especially when the encountered disagreement is perceived to have good arguments and rationales.ConclusionOverall, social endorsement enhances the probability of XPD on SNSs. This in turn facilitates individuals’ search for more information, an important feature in democracy.
In support of the placental programming hypothesis: Placental endocrine insufficiency programs atypical behaviour in mothers and their offspring
Authors: John Rosalind M. 
Published: December 2021

New Findings

What is the topic of this review?
More than half of all pregnancies in the UK are exposed to adversity linked to increased problems in pregnancy for mothers and adverse outcomes for their children, but we do not know the mechanism(s) underpinning these relationships.

What advances does it highlight?
Studies in mice prove that placental endocrine insufficiency driven by genetic manipulation of imprinted genes in the offspring can concurrently drive fetal growth restriction, alterations in maternal caregiving and aberrant behaviour in wild‐type offspring exposed to an adverse environment. This suggests that placental endocrine insufficiency might contribute to the co‐morbidity of low birth weight, maternal depression and neurodevelopmental disorders observed in human populations.

AbstractPrenatal adversity, which is estimated to impact more than half of all pregnancies in the UK, compromises fetal growth and increases the chances of stillbirth, prematurity and infant mortality. Beyond these immediate and highly visible problems, infants that survive carry the invisible burden of increased risk of some of the most common and pervasive diseases that impact human populations. In utero exposure to depression and anxiety is one adversity that has been linked to these poorer outcomes, suggesting that maternal mood disorders drive the outcomes. However, recent studies in animal models suggest that both the maternal mood disorders and the detrimental outcomes for children could be the result of the same underlying placental pathology. In these studies, genetically wild‐type rodent mothers exposed to placental endocrine insufficiency engaged in less pup‐focused behaviours and less self‐care. Genetically wild‐type rodent offspring raised in this abnormal environment exhibited increased anxiety‐like behaviours, with male offspring additionally exhibiting deficits in cognition and atypical social behaviour, with some evidence of depressive‐like symptoms. This work establishes experimentally that placental endocrine insufficiency alone is sufficient to drive atypical behaviour in both mothers and their offspring. Although there are some data to suggest that this phenomenon is relevant to human pregnancy, considerably more work is required.
Sluice Gate Discharge From Momentum Balance
Authors: Steppert Michael , Epple Philipp , Malcherek Andreas 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Discharge from sluice gate flows is commonly calculated using the Torricelli outflow velocity, which is inaccurate and must be corrected by a discharge coefficient. Moreover, this approach commonly only considers the relative gate opening, without including the impact of three-dimensional (3D) effects, scaling effects, different velocity profiles, and friction forces. Aiming for a theoretical approach that can address all flow effects for sluice gate discharge calculations, the authors applied the momentum balance theory to this problem. First, the control volume was introduced, and parameterization equations for the pressure distributions and momentum coefficients at the control volume borders for both the standard and the inclined sluice gates were determined using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The results show good agreements with the discharge measurement results of frequently quoted experimental studies from other authors, demonstrating the potential of this approach. Also, one example of the impact of the 3D effect of various channel widths was investigated with the momentum balance theory.
Simplified and Detailed Analysis of Data Center Particulate Contamination at Server and Room Level Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Saini Satyam , Shahi Pardeep , Bansode Pratik , Shah Jimil M. , Agonafer Dereje 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Continuous rise in cloud computing and other web-based services propelled the data center proliferation seen over the past decade. Traditional data centers use vapor-compression-based cooling units that not only reduce energy efficiency but also increase operational and initial investment costs due to involved redundancies. Free air cooling and airside economization can substantially reduce the information technology equipment (ITE) cooling power consumption, which accounts for approximately 40% of energy consumption for a typical air-cooled data center. However, this cooling approach entails an inherent risk of exposing the ITE to harmful ultrafine particulate contaminants, thus, potentially reducing the equipment and component reliability. The present investigation attempts to quantify the effects of particulate contamination inside the data center equipment and ITE room using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). An analysis of the boundary conditions to be used was done by detailed modeling of ITE and the data center white space. Both two-dimensional and three-dimensional simulations were done for detailed analysis of particle transport within the server enclosure. An analysis of the effect of the primary pressure loss obstructions like heat sinks and dual inline memory modules inside the server was done to visualize the localized particle concentrations within the server. A room-level simulation was then conducted to identify the most vulnerable locations of particle concentration within the data center space. The results show that parameters such as higher velocities, heat sink cutouts, and higher aspect ratio features within the server tend to increase the particle concentration inside the servers.
Damage Analysis in Ag Nanoparticle Interconnect Line Under High-Density Electric Current
Authors: Saito Daiki , Sasagawa Kazuhiko , Moriwaki Takeshi , Fujisaki Kazuhiro 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Printed electronics (PEs) have attracted attention for the fabrication of microscale electronic circuits. PEs use conductive inks which include metal nanoparticles. The conductive ink can be printed on flexible substrates for wearable devices using ink-jet printers and roll-to-roll methods. With the scaling down of electric devices, the current density and Joule heating in the device lines increase, and electromigration (EM) damage becomes significant. EM is a transportation phenomenon of metallic atoms caused by the electron wind under high-density current. Reducing the EM damage is extremely important to enhance the device reliability. With the progress in miniaturization of the metal nanoparticle ink lines, EM problem needs to be solved for ensuring the reliability of these lines. We know that the formation of aggregates and cathode damages occur due to a current loading. The diffusion path of atoms due to the EM has not been identified under the high-density current loading. In this study, a high-density electric current loading was applied to an Ag nanoparticle line. The line specimens were prepared using a lift-off method. After the current loading tests, observations were conducted using a laser microscope and scanning electron microscope. A local decrease in the line thickness and scale-shaped slit-like voids were observed due to the high-density current loading. Moreover, the microstructure of the line was modified by enlarging the Ag grain. From the results, we identified that a dominant diffusion occurred at the Ag grain boundary due to the EM.
Algorithmic Selection of Preferred Grasp Poses Using Manipulability Ellipsoid Forms
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Mukherjee Sudipto 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
An algorithm to search for a kinematically desired robotic grasp pose with rolling contacts is presented. A manipulability measure is defined to characterize the grasp for multi-fingered robotic handling. The methodology can be used to search for the goal grasp pose with a manipulability ellipsoid close to the desired one. The proposed algorithm is modified to perform rolling-based relocation under kinematic constraints of the robotic fingertips. The search for the optimal grasp pose and the improvement of the grasp pose by relocation are based on the reduction of the geodesic distance between the current and the target manipulability matrices. The algorithm also derives paths of the fingertip on the object surface in order to achieve the goal pose. An algorithmic option for the process of searching for a suitable grasp configuration is hence achieved.
Microstructure and Mechanical Strength Properties of Chitosan Sponges Obtained from Polymer Solutions in Carbonic Acid
Authors: Chashchin I. S. , Rubina M. S. , Arkharova N. A. , Pigaleva M. A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Polymer sponges based on chitosan are first obtained from chitosan solutions in carbonic acid and gels based on these solutions crosslinked by a noncytotoxic agent of natural origin, genipin. A comparative analysis of the structure and mechanical strength properties of sponges prepared from chitosan solutions in carbonic and acetic acids is carried out. It is shown that the addition of genipin in an amount of ~2 wt % to a chitosan solution in carbonic acid leads to a decrease in the average pore size by ~2.5 times and a significant increase in the strength characteristics of the material in comparison with the sponge prepared without genipin.
Are the Food Embargo and Import Substitution Changing Regional Production? A Case Study of Leningrad Oblast
Authors: Morachevskaya K. A. , Lyzhina E. A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract—In the 2010s, in Russia, many conditions for the development of agriculture and the food industry changed, having experienced the consequences of the 2008 and 2014 crises and import restrictions on certain types of agricultural products and food from the EU and other countries. In Russia’s state political agenda, attention to food security has increased and the import substitution policy has intensified. Using the example of Leningrad Oblast, a region located in the zone of influence of the largest agglomeration and neighboring EU countries, the article attempts to answer the questions of who became the true beneficiaries of the food embargo and to what extent external influences have altered the sectoral and territorial structure of food production and to what extent they made it possible to overcome the local context—increase production in peripheral areas. The 2014 food embargo opened up colossal free niches in the market of St. Petersburg, with a population of 5 mln. The analysis showed that there were no fundamental changes in the sectoral structure, but in absolute terms, vegetable production increased significantly, which is directly related to the change in competition due to the food embargo and improvement in credit policy conditions. The dependence of the territorial structure of agriculture on the state of the largest enterprises increased. However, no fundamental changes have been observed in the production of certain food products. The reasons for this are a decrease in demand due to a drop in purchasing power of the population during crisis periods, an insignificant raw materials base in the region, the use of new opportunities by enterprises in St. Petersburg itself, filling the market with goods from neighboring regions and imported products from non-EU countries, owing to its seaside position and presence of a port.
Investigating the impact of development and internal validation design when training prognostic models using a retrospective cohort in big US observational healthcare data
Authors: Reps Jenna M , Ryan Patrick , Rijnbeek P R 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveThe internal validation of prediction models aims to quantify the generalisability of a model. We aim to determine the impact, if any, that the choice of development and internal validation design has on the internal performance bias and model generalisability in big data (n~500 000).DesignRetrospective cohort.SettingPrimary and secondary care; three US claims databases.Participants1 200 769 patients pharmaceutically treated for their first occurrence of depression.MethodsWe investigated the impact of the development/validation design across 21 real-world prediction questions. Model discrimination and calibration were assessed. We trained LASSO logistic regression models using US claims data and internally validated the models using eight different designs: ‘no test/validation set’, ‘test/validation set’ and cross validation with 3-fold, 5-fold or 10-fold with and without a test set. We then externally validated each model in two new US claims databases. We estimated the internal validation bias per design by empirically comparing the differences between the estimated internal performance and external performance.ResultsThe differences between the models’ internal estimated performances and external performances were largest for the ‘no test/validation set’ design. This indicates even with large data the ‘no test/validation set’ design causes models to overfit. The seven alternative designs included some validation process to select the hyperparameters and a fair testing process to estimate internal performance. These designs had similar internal performance estimates and performed similarly when externally validated in the two external databases.ConclusionsEven with big data, it is important to use some validation process to select the optimal hyperparameters and fairly assess internal validation using a test set or cross-validation.
Validity and reliability of the Modified Tardieu Scale as a spasticity outcome measure of the upper limbs in adults with neurological conditions: a systematic review and narrative analysis
Authors: Shu Xiaoyi , McConaghy Ciara , Knight Alec 
Published: December 2021

PurposeTo evaluate published evidence on the Modified Tardieu Scale (MTS) as a tool to assess spasticity in the upper limbs of adults with neurological conditions.Data sourcesA systematic search of six electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Physiotherapy Evidence Database) from inception to 31 December 2020. A search strategy was developed using key elements of the research question: population, intervention (action), outcome.Study eligibility criteriaInclusion criteria: (1) adult participants with neurological conditions; (2) upper limb muscles/joints as tested elements; (3) studies testing the MTS and (4) reliability or validity reported. Exclusion criteria: (1) non-English articles; (2) non-empirical articles and (3) studies testing the Tardieu Scale.Study appraisalEvidence quality was evaluated using the US National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute quality assessment tool for observational cohort and cross-sectional studies.ResultsSix reliability studies met the inclusion criteria. Overall, most articles reported good-to-excellent levels of inter-rater, intrarater and test–retest reliability. However, limitations, such as study design weaknesses, statistical misuses and reporting biases, undermine confidence in reported conclusions. The validity of the MTS also remained questionable based on the results of one study.Conclusions and implicationsThis review did not find sufficient evidence to either support or reject the use of the MTS in assessing spasticity in the upper limbs of adults with neurological conditions. Despite the paucity of research evidence, the MTS may still remain a clinically useful tool to measure the motor aspect of spasticity. Future research would benefit from a focus on test standardisation, while the wider field would require the development of a consensual definition of spasticity.
Functional, oncological outcomes and safety of nephron-sparing surgery versus radical nephrectomy in patients with localised renal cell carcinoma with high anatomical complexity: a retrospective cohort study with propensity score matching method
Authors: Zhang Xuanyu , Su Zhonghua , Lv Peng , Liu Zeqi , Bai Song 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundNephron-sparing surgery (NSS) is widely applied for small renal masses. However, the indication of NSS in patients with localised renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with high anatomical complexity is controversial. Thus, we compare functional and oncological outcomes, and safety of NSS versus radical nephrectomy (RN) in patients with localised RCC with high anatomical complexity Radius, Exophytic/endophytic, Nearness, Anterior/posterior, Location. (R.E.N.A.L.) score ≥10.MethodsWe evaluated 575 patients with localised RCC that underwent NSS or RN at our centre between January 2013 and December 2018. Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, tumour data, surgery procedure, perioperative data and survival data were recorded. After propensity score matching, the variables were compared by binary paired logistic regression. The change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was compared with covariance analysis adjusted for baseline value. Recurrence and survival were calculated using Kaplan-Meier curves with log-rank tests. P<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.ResultsIn the matched group, NSS showed lower eGFR loss compared with the RN group (17.81 mL/min/1.73 m2vs 28.28 mL/min/1.73 m2, p<0.001). Moreover, the recurrence-free survival (p=0.002), cardiocerebrovascular disease-specific survival (p=0.015) and overall survival (p=0.017) of patients with NSS were better than those that underwent RN. Cancer-specific survival in both groups showed no difference (p=0.323). The incidence of minor and major complications in the two groups showed no difference (p=0.144, p=0.108).ConclusionNSS resulted in better preservation of renal function and oncological outcomes compared with RN, with acceptable complications. These findings could help improve clinical decision making for patients with localised RCC with high anatomical complexity.Trial registration numberChiCTR2000040652.
Comparison of conventional, doppler and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in differential diagnosis of ovarian masses: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xun Lizhang , Zhai Lamei , Xu Hui 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesTo assess the value of conventional, Doppler and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) (conventional ultrasonography (US), Doppler US and CEUS) for diagnosing ovarian cancer.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesPubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library were conducted for studies published until October 2021.Eligibility criteriaStudies assessed the diagnostic value of conventional US, Doppler US or CEUS for detecting ovarian cancer, with no restrictions placed on published language and status.Data extraction and synthesisThe study selection and data extraction were performed by two independent authors. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratio (PLR and NLR), diagnostic OR (DOR) and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were pooled using the bivariate generalised linear mixed model and random effects model.ResultsThe meta-analysis included 72 studies and involved 9296 women who presented with ovarian masses. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, DOR and AUC for conventional US were 0.91 (95% CI: 0.87 to 0.94) and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.82 to 0.91), 6.87 (95% CI: 4.98 to 9.49) and 0.10 (95% CI: 0.07 to 0.15), 57.52 (95% CI: 36.64 to 90.28) and 0.95 (95% CI: 0.93 to 0.97), respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, DOR and AUC for Doppler US were 0.93 (95% CI: 0.91 to 0.95) and 0.85 (95% CI: 0.80 to 0.89), 6.10 (95% CI: 4.59 to 8.11) and 0.08 (95% CI: 0.06 to 0.11), 61.76 (95% CI: 39.99 to 95.37) and 0.96 (95% CI: 0.94 to 0.97), respectively. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, DOR and AUC for CEUS were 0.97 (95% CI: 0.92 to 0.99) and 0.92 (95% CI: 0.85 to 0.95), 11.47 (95% CI: 6.52 to 20.17) and 0.03 (95% CI: 0.01 to 0.09), 152.11 (95% CI: 77.77 to 297.51) and 0.99 (95% CI: 0.97 to 0.99), respectively. Moreover, the AUC values for conventional US (p=0.002) and Doppler US (p=0.005) were inferior to those of CEUS.ConclusionsConventional US, Doppler US and CEUS have a relatively high differential diagnostic value for differentiating between benign and malignant ovarian masses. The diagnostic performance of CEUS was superior to that of conventional US and Doppler US.
Estimating the burden of hypertension and its significant risk factors among male commercial drivers in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ackah Martin , Ameyaw Louise , Salifu Mohammed Gazali , Yeboah Cynthia Osei 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveThe study was designed to assess the burden and significant risk factors among male commercial drivers in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesMedline via PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane databases andAfrica Journal Onlinewere searched from January 2010 to December 2020.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesThe authors included observational studies reporting on the burden and/or risk factors for hypertension among commercial drivers in SSA. Male adult population ≥18 years working as a commercial driver in SSA as well articles published in English.Data extraction and synthesisTwo independent coauthors used a prepared data extraction form to extract data from the eligible published papers and assessed the risk of bias. DerSimonian and Laird random effects model was used to pool the burden of hypertension and significant risk factors among male commercial drivers in SSA. The presence of heterogeneity among studies was quantified by estimating variance using both Cochrane’s Q statistics and the I2statistics. A subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed.ResultsOverall, 14 articles met the inclusion criteria involving a total of 4285 male commercial drivers in SSA. The estimated pooled burden of hypertension among the male commercial drivers in SSA was 32% (95% CI 24% to 39%). The risk factors identified were age OR=1.10 (95% CI 1.06 to 1.15), overweight/obese OR=3.38 (95% CI 2.46 to 4.29), alcohol consumption OR=3.00 (95% CI 2.05 to 3.95) and duration of driving (≥5 years) OR=1.83 (95% CI 1.03 to 2.63). Funnel plot inspection and Egger’s regression test of small effect (0.5838) showed no evidence of publication bias.ConclusionsOur review showed that nearly one-third of male commercial drivers in SSA have hypertension. Reduction of modifiable risk factors such as overweight/obesity, alcohol consumption and long-term driving through multifaceted implementation strategies are recommended for prevention and control of hypertension among male commercial drivers in SSA.Trial registration numberCRD42021250910.