bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Routine Ultrasonography in the First Trimester of Pregnancy
Authors: Saravanan T. , Kirubamani Hephzibah 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: In the early stages of pregnancy, ultrasound is an extremely specific method for examination. This article reviews how the normal development of a baby in the first trimester of pregnancy relates to ultrasound findings.
Aim: To highlight the importance of routine ultrasonography in the first trimester of pregnancy in detecting and dating gestation, its viability and early detection of anomalies and complications
Methods: This descriptive study involved 100 pregnant women within 12 weeks of gestation attending antenatal clinic at Saveetha Medical college, during the study period
Inclusion Criteria: Pregnant women with history of amenorrhea <12 weeks of gestation.
Exclusion criteria: Individuals with history of pain abdomen and bleeding per vaginum
Results: A total of 99 pregnancies were intrauterine of which 1 was anembryonic and 2 had early pregnancy failure, 15 pregnancies were redated. One ectopic and one fibroid complicating pregnancy were aslo found.
Conclusion: Ultrasonography is an effective method to detect and date pregnancy, identify nonviable pregnancies, fetal abnormalities and early trimester complications. Hence it is ideal to use it routinely as screening tool during the first trimester of pregnancy.
Effects of Smokeless Tobacco on the Histology and Functioning of Proximal Convoluted Tubules of the Kidneys of Female Albino Rats
Authors: Singha Syna Pervaiz , Qazi Abroo Fatima , Isaac Amir Derick 
Published: November 2021

Aims: The consumption of oral form of smokeless tobacco has increased rapidly. Its use is associated with increased risk of chronic diseases like diabetes, myocardial infarction, liver disorders, cerebrovascular accidents and many other health issues. Use of tobacco in any form either smoked or chewed form leads to the absorption of nicotine which spontaneously moves into the bloodstream where it is circulated throughout the body system. Hence through this study an effort is being made to evaluate the effects produced by the locally available brand of smokeless tobacco on the histology and functioning of proximal convoluted tubules of the kidneys of the female Swiss albino rats.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Sindh Agricultural University, Tandojam and further lab work was carried out in Isra University Hyderabad.
Methodology: 30 adult female Swiss albino rats were randomly selected. They were divided into three groups (n=10). Group A were taken as control. Group B&C comprised of rats which were given 5 %& 10% of smokeless tobacco respectively along with their chow diet. The feed and water were given ad libitum. Animals were sacrificed on 31st day and their kidneys were removed and weighed. The specimens were processed routinely for examination under light microscope. The sections were stained using H & E stains and examined under light microscope. Blood samples for analysis of creatinine and urea were collected.
Results: A significant decrease in the weight of the kidneys, an increase in the levels of creatinine and urea were observed (P value = 0.001). Kidneys of both B & C groups showed edema, congestion and presence of cast cells when compared with the kidneys of the control group.
Conclusion: From these observations, it can be inferred that the exposure of female Swiss albino rats to the smokeless form of Tobacco is associated with structural and functional damage of the kidneys.
Is it beneficial to use apertures in proton radiosurgery with a scanning beam? A dosimetric comparison in neurinoma and meningioma patients
Authors: Righetto Roberto , Fellin Francesco , Scartoni Daniele , Amichetti Maurizio , Schwarz Marco , Amelio Dante , Farace Paolo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeTo assess the dosimetric advantages of apertures in intracranial single fraction proton radiosurgery.Materials and methodsSix neuroma and 10 meningioma patients were investigated. For each patient, six plans were computed, with two spot spacing and three aperture settings (no apertures, 5 and 8 mm margin between aperture and clinical target volume [CTV]). All plans were optimized on the CTV with the same beam arrangement and the same single‐field robust optimization (2 mm setup errors, 3.5% range uncertainties). Robustness analysis was performed with 0.5 and 1.0 mm systematic setup errors and 3.5% range uncertainties. CTV coverage in the perturbed scenarios and healthy brain tissue sparing in the surrounding of the CTV were compared.ResultsMeningiomas were larger and at a shallow depth than neuromas. In neuromas, spot spacing did not affect OAR doses or the robustness of CTV coverage and the apertures reduced brain dose without any significant impact on CTV robustness. In meningiomas, smaller spot spacing produced a reduction in brain V5Gy and improved robustness of CTV coverage; in addition, an 8 mm margin aperture reduced low and medium brain tissue doses without affecting robustness in the 0.5 mm perturbed scenario. A 5 mm margin aperture caused a reduction of plan robustness.ConclusionThe optimal use of apertures is a trade‐off between sparing of low and medium dose to the healthy brain and robustness of target coverage, also depending on size and depth of the lesion.
Establishment of an oligoasthenospermia mouse model based on TAp73 gene suppression
Authors: Liu Hong‐Juan , Deng Meng‐Yun , Zhu Yan‐Yan , Wu De‐Ling , Tong Xiao‐Hui , Li Li , Wang Lei , Xu Fei , Wang Tong‐Sheng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundOligoasthenospermia is one of the main causes of male infertility. Researchers usually use chemical drugs to directly damage germ cells to prepare oligoasthenospermia models, which disregards the adhesion and migration between spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells. TAp73 is a critical regulator of the adhesin of germ cell; thus, we sought to explore a novel oligoasthenospermia model based on TAp73 gene suppression.MethodsMice in the Pifithrin‐α group were injected intraperitoneally with 2.5 mg/kg Pifithrin‐α (TAp73 inhibitor) daily for 30 consecutive days. Reproductive hormone levels and epididymal sperm quality, as well as the network morphology of Sertoli cells were tested.ResultsSperm density, motility, and the relative protein and mRNA expression of TAp73 and Nectin 2 were obviously decreased in the Pifithrin‐α group compared with the normal control group. No significant distinction was observed in the relative mRNA and protein expression of ZO‐1. Furthermore, the tight junctions (TJs) and apical ectoplasmic specialization (ES) were destroyed in the Pifithrin‐α group.ConclusionThe above results indicate that we successfully established a new oligoasthenospermia mouse model. This study provides a foundation for further exploration of the roles of TAp73 genes during spermatogenesis and provides new research objects for further oligospermia research and future drug discovery.
An Unsymmetrical, Cyclic Diborene Based on a Chelating CAAC Ligand and its Small‐Molecule Activation and Rearrangement Chemistry
Authors: Lu Wei , Jayaraman Arumugam , Fantuzzi Felipe , Dewhurst Rian D. , Härterich Marcel , Dietz Maximilian , Hagspiel Stephan , Krummenacher Ivo , Hammond Kai , Cui Jingjing , Braunschweig Holger 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA one‐pot synthesis of a CAAC‐stabilized, unsymmetrical, cyclic diborene was achieved via consecutive two‐electron reduction steps from an adduct of CAAC and B2Br4(SMe2)2. Theoretical studies revealed that this diborene has a considerably smaller HOMO–LUMO gap than those of reported NHC‐ and phosphine‐supported diborenes. Complexation of the diborene with [AuCl(PCy3)] afforded two diborene–AuI π complexes, while reaction with DurBH2, P4 and a terminal acetylene led to the cleavage of B−H, P−P, and C−C π bonds, respectively. Thermal rearrangement of the diborene gave an electron‐rich cyclic alkylideneborane, which readily coordinated to AgI via its B=C double bond.
X‐ray irradiation of three planets around Hyades star K2‐136
Authors: Fernández Fernández Jorge , Wheatley Peter J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe study the X‐ray irradiation and likely photoevaporation of the three planets around the star K2‐136. These are the Earth‐sized K2‐136 b, the mini‐Neptune K2‐136 c, and the super‐Earth K2‐136 d. XMM‐Newton observations of the star indicate an X‐ray luminosity of in the range 0.15–2.4 keV, resulting in an activity of . The evaporation past of the planets were modeled using the XUV stellar tracks by Johnstone, Bartel, & Güdel (2020), the energy‐limited mass loss formulation (Erkaev et al., 2007; Lecavelier Des Etangs, 2007), and the thermal evolution formulation by Lopez & Fortney (2014). Our results suggest that planets b and d are most probably purely rocky and have been stripped of their envelopes. On the other hand, planet c likely still has an envelope consisting of 0.8% of the total mass, with its core being relatively large (2.3 ).
Deuterium kinetic isotope effects as redox mechanistic criterions
Authors: Fukuzumi Shunichi , Lee Yong‐Min , Nam Wonwoo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis account article focuses on deuterium kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) used as criterions to elucidate redox mechanisms including proton‐, hydrogen‐ and hydride‐transfer reactions. Hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) is composed of two elementary steps: electron transfer (ET) and proton transfer (PT), while hydride transfer is composed of three elementary steps: ET, PT, and ET. Large tunneling effects are often observed for proton‐coupled electron‐transfer (PCET) reactions of metal–oxygen complexes in which ET occurs to the metal center and PT occurs simultaneously to the ligand, exhibiting large KIEs. Whether HAT proceeds via sequential ET/PT, PT/ET, or concerted PCET (cPCET) depending on the redox properties of hydrogen donors and acceptors to exhibit different KIEs. Whether hydride transfer also proceeds via sequential ET/PT/ET, PT/ET/ET, or cPCET/ET depending on the redox properties of hydride donors and acceptors to exhibit different KIEs. Temperature dependence of KIEs for aldehyde deformylation reactions has enabled to distinguish two reaction pathways: one is a HAT and the other is a nucleophilic addition. The change of the mechanism from cPCET to sequential ET/PT is made possible by binding acids to the hydrogen and hydride acceptors when no KIE is observed. Inverse KIEs are also discussed for acid (or deuteron)‐promoted ET reactions.
Valve‐in‐valve transcatheter aortic valve replacement versus re‐do surgical aortic valve replacement: A call for randomized controlled trials
Authors: Reilly John P. , Parikh Puja B. 
Published: November 2021

Key Points
Valve‐in‐valve (VIV) transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has become an attractive alternative to conventional redo surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) for patients with structural valve degeneration (SVD).
VIV TAVR is associated with a nearly twofold lower odds of early mortality compared with redo‐SAVR in patients with SVD.
Adequately powered randomized studies examining the optimal intervention in patients with SVD specifically of lower surgical risk, are warranted to guide clinical decision‐making.
Covered stents: Initially life‐saving but long‐term consequences persist
Authors: Grines Cindy L. , Tummala Pradyumna E. 
Published: November 2021

Key Points
Despite performing more complex percutaneous coronary interventions, the risk of perforation remains stable.
Newer covered stents are lower profile, easier to deliver, and have high initial success rates but similar to older covered stents, the risk of thrombosis and restenosis remains.
We propose routine intravascular imaging to optimize covered stents, avoid reversal of anticoagulation until hardware is removed from the coronary and vigilant follow‐up for thrombosis and/or restenosis.
Primary bilateral ovarian involvement in Burkitt's lymphoma with an adnexal Torsion‐like manifestation: A case report
Authors: Pourghasemian Mehdi , Danandeh Mehr Amin , Alavizadeh Elaheh , Behzadi Farhad , Roosta Yousef 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBurkitt's lymphoma (BL) is defined as a highly invasive B‐cell lymphoma with a poor prognosis. Primary bilateral ovarian mass without involvement of other organs is a rare manifestation of BL. Our report was a case of an EBV positive Burkitt's lymphoma, which initially presented with ovarian mass and adnexal torsion.
Concurrent monoclonal gammopathy and systemic lupus erythematosus in a known case of ulcerative colitis: A case report
Authors: Shafie Mahan , Hadizadeh Alireza , Khalaji Soheil , Parsa Samaneh 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOur patient had previously been diagnosed with Ulcerative colitis. The clinical manifestations of the patient along with laboratory tests such as anti‐dsDNA and proteinuria were also positive. Therefore, the clinical manifestation was consistent with SLE. In the following work up, monoclonal gammopathy in serum electrophoresis was also detected.
Scannen und Wiegen mit ‐gleichzeitiger Datenübertragung
Authors: Walther Natalie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAuf Bedienstationen und ein genaues Erfassen der Rohstoffdaten kann vor allem in Batchprozessen nicht verzichtet werden. Die Komplettlösung eines HMIs mit direkten Schnittstellen für Peripheriegeräte wie Waagen erlaubt neben der einfachen Installation der Hardware auch eine einfache und schnelle Datenerfassung. Die Lösung von Pepperl+Fuchs lässt sich schnell und einfach in bestehenden oder geplanten Anlagen integrieren.
Systemlösungen sind der Schlüssel
Authors: Magrone Nicola 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAm Beispiel des Einsatzes von fahrerlosen Transportsystemen in einem Sortier‐ und Kommissionierzentrum für Gasflaschen zeigt der Antriebs‐ und Automatisierungsanbieter SEW‐Eurodrive, wie das modulare Assistenzkonzept Maxolution System Solutions Prozesse optimieren und Menschen unterstützen kann.
Quantification of hordenine in a complex plant matrix by direct analysis in real time–high‐resolution mass spectrometry: Application to the “plant of concern” Sceletium tortuosum
Authors: Appley Meghan Grace , Chambers Megan Isabella , Musah Rabi Ann 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecently, there has been an increase in the recreational abuse of several psychoactive plants, resulting in the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime creating a list of “plants of concern.” One such material is Sceletium tortuosum and products derived from it. Regulation of these materials is challenging because of their innocuous appearance, the cumbersome sample preparation steps required to render the material into a form amenable to analysis by conventional techniques, the requirement for nuanced sample analysis protocols, and lengthy analysis times. It is demonstrated here that direct analysis in real time–high‐resolution mass spectrometry (DART‐HRMS) can be used to not only identify S. tortuosum material based on the detection of characteristic biomarkers including hordenine and several mesembrine alkaloids, but also quantify the amount of hordenine present. Using hordenine‐d6 as an internal standard, a protocol, validated according to US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Guidelines for the Development and Validation of Bioanalytical Methods, was devised for the quantification of the psychoactive component hordenine. The method was then applied to the quantification of hordenine in six commercially available products derived from the foliage and stems of S. tortuosum. By this method, the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was found to be 1 μg/ml. Observed hordenine concentrations ranged from 0.02738 to 1.071 mg of hordenine per gram of plant material. The developed technique provides an effective and quick means for the detection and quantification of hordenine in S. tortuosum, which can be extended to analysis of other hordenine‐containing products.
Bivalve facilitation mediates seagrass recovery from physical disturbance in a temperate estuary
Authors: Donaher Sarah E. , Baillie Christopher J. , Smith Carter S. , Zhang Y. Stacy , Albright Anna , Trackenberg Stacy N. , Wellman Emory H. , Woodard Nina , Gittman Rachel K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRapid global degradation of coastal habitats can be attributed to anthropogenic activities associated with coastal development, aquaculture, and recreational surface water use. Restoration of degraded habitats has proven challenging and costly, and there is a clear need to develop novel approaches that promote resilience to human‐caused disturbances. Positive interactions between species can mitigate environmental stress and recent work suggests that incorporating positive interactions into restoration efforts may improve restoration outcomes. We hypothesized that the addition of a potential facultative mutualist, the native hard clam (Mercenaria mercenaria), could enhance seagrass bed recovery from disturbance. We conducted two experiments to examine the independent and interacting effects of hard clam addition and physical disturbance mimicking propeller scarring on mixed community Zostera marina and Halodule wrightii seagrass beds in North Carolina. Adding clams to seagrass beds exposed to experimental disturbance generally enhanced seagrass summer growth rates and autumn shoot densities. In contrast, clam addition to non‐disturbed seagrass beds did not result in any increase in seagrass growth rates or shoot densities. Clam enhancement of autumn percent cover relative to areas without clam addition was most prominent after Hurricane Dorian, suggesting that clams may also enhance seagrass resilience to repeated disturbances. By June of the next growing season, disturbed areas with clam additions had greater percent cover of seagrass than disturbed areas without clam additions. Beds that were disturbed in April had higher percent cover than areas disturbed in June of the previous growing season. Our results suggest that the timing and occurrence of physical disturbances may modify the ability of clams to facilitate seagrass resiliency and productivity. Understanding when and how to utilize positive, interspecific interactions in coastal restoration is key for improving restoration success rates.
Hydroxyurea usage awareness among patients with sickle‐cell disease in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alsalman Mortadah , Alkhalifa Hussain , Alkhalifah Ali , Alsubie Mustafa , AlMurayhil Nora , Althafar Abdulaziz , Albarqi Mohammed , Alnaim Abdulrahman , Khan Abdul Sattar 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground and aimHydroxyurea (HU) plays an essential role in the complex pathophysiology alteration of sickle‐cell disease (SCD), which translates clinically into the enhanced quality of life and increased survival. This research examines adult patients with SCD's attitudes and awareness toward HU, as well as underutilization consequences.MethodA cross‐sectional research was performed in Saudi Arabia, and adult patients with SCD were interviewed. The survey includes patient demographics, attitudes, and knowledge of HU and clinical data. The chi‐square was applied through SPSS version 23 for assessing any association with outcome variables and demographic characteristics.ResultsHU is known to 72 (67.3%) of the 107 patients. The hydroxyurea treatment was initiated in 46 patients (63%). Of these, 23 (50%) discontinue HU, with the key factors being pregnancy preparation and side effects development. For those who were unaware of HU, 13 (37.1%) were admitted to the intensive care unit because of acute chest syndrome, 29 (82.8%) required a frequent blood transfusion and 12 (34.2%) with frequent hospitalizations. However, there was no significant relationship between awareness and education level (P value is .078 > .05). In addition, there was no significant relationship between the level of awareness and age and gender of participants (P value is .68 and .44, respectively).ConclusionHU is a long‐established and effective disease‐modifying agent for SCD patients, but it is underutilized. The causality of underuse is bidirectional between patients and healthcare providers. It is essential to educate healthcare providers and patients with SCD about hydroxyurea role in modifying disease severity, resolving adverse events, and achieving full benefits.
Biomaterials patterning regulates neural stem cells fate and behavior: The interface of biology and material science
Authors: Niari Shabnam Asghari , Rahbarghazi Reza , Geranmayeh Mohammad Hossein , Karimipour Mohammad 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe combination of nanotechnology and stem cell biology is one of the most promising advances in the field of regenerative medicine. This novel combination has widely been utilized in vitro settings in an attempt to develop efficient therapeutic strategies to overcome the limited capacity of the central nervous system (CNS) in replacing degenerating neural cells with functionally normal cells after the onset of acute and chronic neurological disorders. Importantly, biomaterials, not only, enhance the endogenous CNS neurogenesis and plasticity, but also, could provide a desirable supportive microenvironment to harness the full potential of the in vitro expanded neural stem cells (NSCs) for regenerative purposes. Here, first, we discuss how the physical and biochemical properties of biomaterials, such as their stiffness and elasticity, could influence the behavior of NSCs. Then, since the NSCs niche or microenvironment is of fundamental importance in controlling the dynamic destiny of NSCs such as their quiescent and proliferative states, topographical effects of surface diversity in biomaterials, that is, the micro‐and nano‐patterned surfaces will be discussed in detail. Finally, the influence of biomaterials as artificial microenvironments on the behavior of NSCs through the specific mechanotransduction signaling pathway mediated by focal adhesion formation will be reviewed.
Review: Effects of anti‐CD38 monoclonal antibodies on red blood cell transfusion and interventions
Authors: Song Jia , Fu Rong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundHighly expressed in almost all myeloma cells, CD38 is an attractive treatment target.AimAnti‐CD38 monoclonal antibodies have been approved for first‐line treatment in non‐transplantable multiple myeloma (MM) patients.Materials and methodsHowever, it has been found in clinical use that anti‐CD38 monoclonal antibodies bind to CD38 on red blood cells (RBCs) and cause panagglutination in indirect antiglobulin test (IAT), resulting in false positives of IAT (Transfusion, 55, 2015 and 1545; Transfusion, 55, 2015 and 1555).ResultThereby, interfering with blood bank testing and leading to the delay of further diagnosis and treatment.ConclusionWith more and more patients receiving anti‐CD38 treatment, it is of great importance to recognize this problem and optimize relevant diagnosis and treatment procedures to prevent RBC transfusion delays and reduce laboratory costs.