bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attitudes of Medical Workers Toward Artificial Intelligence in Ophthalmology: A Comparative Survey
Authors: Zheng Bo , Wu Maonian , Zhu Shaojun , Zhou Hongxia , Hao Xiulan , Fei Fangqin , Jia Yun , Wu Jian , Pan Xueping , Yang Weihua 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: In the development of artificial intelligence in ophthalmology, the ophthalmic AI-related recognition issues are prominent, but there is a lack of research into people's familiarity with and their attitudes toward ophthalmic AI. This survey aims to assess medical workers’ and other professional technicians’ familiarity with, attitudes toward, and concerns about AI in ophthalmology.Methods: An electronic questionnaire was designed through the app Questionnaire Star, and was sent to participants through WeChat, China’s version of Facebook or WhatsApp. The participation was voluntary and anonymous. The questionnaire consisted of four parts, namely the participant’s background, their basic understanding of AI, their attitudes toward AI, and their concerns about AI. A total of 562 participants were counted, with 562 valid questionnaires returned. The results of the questionnaires are displayed in an Excel 2003 form.Results: A total of 562 participants completed the questionnaire, of whom 291 were medical workers and 271 were other professional technicians. About 1/3 of the participants understood AI and ophthalmic AI. The percentages of people who understood ophthalmic AI among medical workers and other professional technicians were about 42.61% and 15.6%, respectively. About 66.01% of the participants thought that AI in ophthalmology would partly replace doctors, with about 59.07% still having a relatively high acceptance level of ophthalmic AI. Meanwhile, among those with AI in ophthalmology application experiences (30.6%), above 70% of participants held a full acceptance attitude toward AI in ophthalmology. The participants expressed medical ethics concerns about AI in ophthalmology. And among the participants who understood AI in ophthalmology, almost all the people said that there was a need to increase the study of medical ethics issues in the ophthalmic AI field.Conclusions: The survey results revealed that the medical workers had a higher understanding level of AI in ophthalmology than other professional technicians, making it necessary to popularize ophthalmic AI education among other professional technicians. Most of the participants did not have any experience in ophthalmic AI but generally had a relatively high acceptance level of AI in ophthalmology, and there was a need to strengthen research into medical ethics issues of the field.
Oxidation behavior of SiC fiber reinforced SiC-Ti3SiC2 matrix composite at high temperature
Authors: Fu Zeyu , Liu Yu , Liu Kun , Huang Xiaozhong , Shi Yuan , Yang Haitang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Three different SiCf/SiC-Ti3SiC2 composites were prepared by slurry impregnation pyrolysis and reactive melt infiltration. The oxidation behavior of the composites at 1300 °C from 2h to100h was studied. These samples were examined by using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry and X-ray diffraction analysis. Then, three-point bending and nano indentation test were carried out to investigate the mechanical performance of the composites with and without oxidization. The results revealed that the Max phase Ti3SiC2 can improve the strength and toughness of the composites. After oxidation at 1300 °C, Max phase still existed in the matrix, and the strength highest retention rate of the material was 83%. Furthermore, the possible oxidation mechanism was proposed on the basis of the results.
Standardized astragalus extract for attenuation of the immunosuppression induced by strenuous physical exercise: randomized controlled trial
Authors: Latour Ewa , Arlet Jarosław , Latour Emilia Ewa , Juszkiewicz Artur , Łuczkowska Karolina , Marcinkiewicz Anita , Basta Piotr , Trzeciak Jerzy , Machaliński Bogusław , Skarpańska-Stejnborn Anna 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
This paper aimed to verify how a supplementation of rower’s diet with Astragalus Membranaceus Root (AMR) modulated their immune system response to maximal physical exertion.
Methods
The doubleblind study included 18 members of the Polish Rowing Team assigned to the supplemented group (n = 10), and the placebo group (n = 8). The participants performed a 2000 m test on a rowing ergometer at the beginning and at the end of the sixweek of intensive training camp during which the supplemented group received 500 mg of AMR. Blood samples were obtained prior to, one minute after completing, and 24 hours after the exertion test. The levels of interleukin 2 (IL2), interleukin 4 (IL4), interleukin 10 (IL10), interferon ɤ (IFNɣ), and lactate acid were determined. Subpopulations of T regulatory lymphocytes [CD4+/CD25+/CD127−] (Treg), cytotoxic lymphocytes [CD8+/TCRαβ+] (CTL), natural killer cells [CD3−/CD16+/CD56+] (NK), and TCRδγpositive cells (Tδγ) were determined with flow cytometry.
Results
After the camp, the initial NK and Treg levels sustained at the baseline, while Tδγ counts increased by about x [y z] % relative to the levels in the placebo group. In the supplemented subgroup, a change in IL2 level in reaction to maximal exertion clearly decreased (x [y x]%), while the change in IL2/IL10 level induced by the recovery after this exertion clearly increased (x[y z] %), relative to the changes in the placebo group.
Conclusions
AMR restored the immunological balance through a stabilization of NK and Treg cells with a positive trend in Tδγ towards Th1 response during restitution by cytokine IL2 modulation.
Primary Intraosseous Carcinoma in the Pediatric Mandible
Authors: Oh Hyun Jun , Shin Dong Whan , Myoung Hoon , Yoon Hye-Jung , Kim Soung Min 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Primary intraosseous carcinoma (PIOC) is a rare malignant odontogenic tumor that predominantly occurs in males older than 50 years. PIOC can be misdiagnosed as odontogenic cyst because it occasionally shows well-defined border on radiography. In this study, a case of a 14-year-old female with PIOC who was misdiagnosed with odontogenic cyst clinically is reported along with a literature review of pediatric PIOC cases.Case Presentation: A 14-year-old female patient presented with painful swelling on the mandibular right premolar area. There was a radiolucent lesion with a well-defined border in panoramic view. She was diagnosed with odontogenic cyst, and the cystic mass was enucleated with extraction. However, the biopsy result was consistent with PIOC. After cancer work-up, she underwent partial mandibulectomy, selective neck dissection, and reconstruction with a fibular free flap. Although the surgical resection margins were clear, local recurrence and lung metastasis occurred four months after surgery. She underwent concurrent chemo-radiation therapy, but the prognosis was poor.Conclusions: PIOC should be diagnosed differentially from odontogenic cyst even in pediatric populations.
Molecular characterization of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) and ESBLs-producing Klebsiella pneumonia isolated from an Iranian teaching hospital
Authors: Talebzadeh Hamid , Mellali Hamid , solgi hamid 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

The spread of plasmid-mediated multidrug resistance in Klebsiella pneumonia is a serious threat to the public health. We investigated the clinical characteristics and molecular epidemiology of K. pneumoniae isolated at a teaching hospital in Iran.
Methods

A total of 50 third-generation cephalosporins resistant K. pneumoniae strains were collected from patients’ clinical cultures. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and determination of MIC values for ceftazidime, cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin were performed. PCR and DNA sequencing were used to assess the presence of ESBL genes (blaCTX−M, blaTEM, blaSHV) and PMQR genes (qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, qepA, oqxA, oqxB and aac(6)-Ib-cr). Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was performed on the strains to assess homology.
Results

Our results showed that the rates of resistance to all of antibiotics is high. All 50 K. pneumoniae strains harboured at least one of the ESBL resistance determinants. The blaCTX−M−15 gene was the major ESBLs determinant found in K. pneumoniae (88%; 44/50). PMQR was detected in 96% of the isolates and aac(6′)-Ib-cr was the most common (78% 39/50) followed by oqxA 36 (72%), oqxB 34 (68%), qnrS 20 (40%), qnrB 14 (28%) and qepA 1 (2%). MLST identified seven sequence types (STs), with the most common being ST11 (19/39). There was a strong association between PMQR genes (especially aac(6′)-Ib-cr) and ESBL genes.
Conclusion

The widespread detection of ESBLs-producing K. pneumoniae that co-carried PMQR determinants has become a threat to the treatment of infections in Isfahan Province of center Iran. Our findings suggest that K. pneumoniae ST11 and ST893 has a clonal distribution in our hospital. Therefore, this study highlighted the crucial need for implementing strict control measures to prevent cross transmission of these endemic clones.
Excellent Dispersion Stability and Tribological Properties of Biocarbon-based Magnesium Silicate Hydroxide Modified with Oleylamine
Authors: Gao Rongqin , Chang Qiuying , Wang Kai , Liu Yang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Biocarbon-based magnesium silicate hydroxide(M@C-ON) was synthesized by hydrothermal method with synthesized magnesium silicate hydroxide (MSH) as the template, glucose as carbon source, and oleylamine (ON) as the modified agent. The dispersion stability of M@C-ON as lubricant additive in PAO10 with ON as dispersant was measured by accelerated centrifugal and static sedimentation test. The results showed that M@C-ON, with the help of ON, can be stably dispersed in lubricating oil for at least 15 days. The stable dispersion was attributed to a combination of electrostatic attraction and steric hindrance. Besides, the tribological properties of M@C-ON as lubricant additive was tested under different concentration of additive and dispersant. A continuous carbon layer formed on the contact area and the repairing effect of inner MSH of M@C-ON were considered as the factors to play an anti-wear effect.
Characterizing Prognostic Factors in Adult-Onset Neuroblastoma: A Population-Based Study.
Authors: Zhang Yao , Yang Chenxuan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy among pediatric patients with a high level of heterogeneity. NB is rarely seen in adult patients, yet adult-onset NB is associated with poor outcome and distinct clinical features from pediatric NB. Guidelines for the management of adult-onset NB are not yet defined and the treatment is largely dependent on the experience of corresponding oncologists. Previous reports on adult-onset NB have mostly been case reports or case series, without high-quality, population-based cohort study. Our study aims to provide new insights and promotes understanding of adult-onset NB using the data from Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program.Methods: We extracted data of primary NB patients diagnosed by positive histology during 1975-2016 from the SEER database, and grouped the patients according to the age of diagnosis. Competing-risk model and Kaplan-Meier plot were used to compare survival rates of adult-onset neuroblastoma with pediatric neuroblastoma. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used in univariate and multivariate analysis to identify prognostic factors affecting overall and cancer-specific survival rates in adult patients. A nomogram was developed according to the multivariate model and internally validated using receiver operator curve (ROC) and decision curve analysis (DCA).Results: We found a worsened outcome (Median survival time 31 vs 70 months) and distinct clinical characteristics in adults compared with adolescents. Univariate analysis revealed that age (HR=1.7627, 95%CI: 1.1937-2.6027, p = 0.004), surgery (HR=0.3968, 95%CI: 0.2691-0.5852, p <0.0001), primary tumor site, histology type (HR=1.9792, 95%CI: 1.1159-3.5103, p = 0.0195), chemotherapy (HR=1.5723, 95%CI: 1.0284-2.4037, p = 0.0367) was significantly associated with prognosis. Upon multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model, age, surgery, primary tumor site remained significant for cancer-specific survival. Using the multivariate regression model, we proposed a new nomogram for the prediction of 3-year and 5-year survival rate. The nomogram showed good performance on survival prediction and risk-group stratification in an internal validation cohort. Conclusion: In conclusion, our study provided novel evidence on prognosis of adult-onset NB using large-scale populational database and identified surgical intervention as the most effective treatment toward adult-onset NB. Our nomogram can serve as potential prediction and risk-stratification tool in clinical practice.
Effects of major antihypertensive drug classes on erectile function: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Farmakis Ioannis T , Pyrgidis Nikolaos , Doundoulakis Ioannis , Mykoniatis Ioannis , Akrivos Evangelos , Giannakoulas George 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Aims

Major antihypertensive medication classes are suggested to exert diverse effects on erectile function (EF). Guideline recommendations suggest that thiazide diuretics and β-blockers possess the worst profile regarding erectile function (EF), while angiotensin receptor blockers and nebivolol the best profile. We aimed to determine the comparative effect of major antihypertensive classes on EF in patients with or at high risk of cardiovascular disease.
Methods

We performed a systematic review and frequentist network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials assessing the effect of antihypertensive agents on EF (PROSPERO: CRD42020189529). Records were identified through search of PubMed, Cochrane Library and Scopus databases and sources of grey literature until September 2020.
Results

We included 25 studies (7784 patients) in the qualitative and 16 studies in the quantitative synthesis. The risk of bias was concerning or high in the majority of studies and inconsistency was also high. No significant differences in EF were demonstrated in the pairwise comparisons between major antihypertensive classes. Similarly, when placebo was set as the reference treatment group, no treatment strategy yielded significant effects on EF. In the β-blockers analysis, nebivolol contributed a beneficial effect on EF only when compared to non-vasodilatory β-blockers (OR 2.92, 95% CI 1.3–6.5) and not when compared to placebo (OR 2.87, 95% CI 0.75–11.04) or to other vasodilatory β-blockers (OR 2.15, 95% CI 0.6–7.77).
Conclusion

All antihypertensive medication classes seem to exert neutral or insignificant effects on EF. Further high-quality studies are needed to better explore the effects of antihypertensive medication on EF.
Thermal Bragg Shields for Thermal Waves.
Authors: Rosa Angela Camacho de la , Becerril David , Gómez-Farfán Guadalupe , Esquivel-Sir Raul 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Ultrafast heating processes do not follow Fourier's heat conduction law, but rather the proposed Cattaneo-Vernotte equation (CVe) which has wave-like solutions that have some important differences from other wave phenomenon. In a periodic system made of materials with different thermal conductivities, solutions of the CVe lead to a band-like structure in the dispersion relation. In this work, we show that highly reflective Bragg mirrors for thermal waves can be designed. Even for a mirrors with a few layers a very high reflectance is achieved (>90%). The mirrors are made of materials with large thermal response times, where thermal waves have been measured. A second alternative consists of adding a thin metallic film which also leads to an efficient thermal Bragg mirror. Finally, the role of defects in opening new thermal-stop bands is demonstrated.
Global Impact of Obesity and Diabetes on the Increase Incidence and Prevalence of Chronic Kidney disease (CKD) and End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD): A Systematic Review
Authors: kakar Asmatullah , Kakar Niamatullah , Durand Anne-Claire , Mouelhi Yosra , Gentile Stephanie 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Obesity and diabetes are the main causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end stage renal disease (ESRD). The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of obesity and diabetes on CKD and ESRD incidence and prevalence. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted from 2001 to 2018. 494 articles were retrieved via PubMed and 125 articles through Google scholar and reference list of the selected articles. Among which thirty (30) studies met our inclusion criteria consisting of 17 cohorts, 11 cross-sectional, and 2 case-control studies.Results: Majority of the studies indicated direct relationship between body mass index (BMI) and ESRD risk. Notably, the association of obesity and diabetes potentially increases the incidence and prevalence of CKD and ESRD. Results from the cohort, case-control and cross-sectional studies pointed out a positive association between obesity, diabetes and risks for renal disease outcomes. Even though many complications may occur, renal transplantation (RT) is still the preferred renal replacement therapy (RRT) advised in multiple studies for diabetic ESRD patients. Renal transplantation was associated with better quality of life and survival advantage than dialysis. Interestingly, overweight and obese ESRD patients on dialysis had a significant survival advantage in comparison to lean body weight patients. Conclusion: Taken together, obesity and diabetes are significantly associated with the increasing incidence and prevalence of CKD and ESRD. Regulation of Weight and diabetes are highly recommended in obese and diabetic patients to prevent the subsequent renal disease. Previous reviews have discussed the relationship between obesity and ESRD or diabetes and ESRD separately. However, importantly, this review gives an insight on the association between obesity, diabetes and CKD/ ESRD.
Association Between Self-Reported Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Serum Non-High-Density Lipoprotein Among Adults, Beijing
Authors: Wei Yingqi , Ma Aijuan , Kai Fang , Xie Chen , Dong Jing , Xie Jin , Jiang Bo , Dong Zhong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Cigarette smoking, including secondhand exposure, is a leading cause of several atherosclerotic diseases (AS). Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) is considered as a valuable predictor for dyslipidemia and AS. There is a need to identify the association of tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) and the marker of sub-clinical AS.Objective: To examine the association of TSE, including exposed status, cigarette smoking intensity and burden with serum non-HDL-C level.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 18-79 years old residents in 2017 in Beijing. All participants were interviewed on their tobacco exposed status (unexposed, passively exposed, actively exposed), smoking intensity (number of cigarettes smoked per week) and smoking burden (pack-years of smoking) among current smokers. Non-HDL-C was calculated by subtracting high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) from total cholesterol (TC). Covariates were age, education status, alcohol drinking status within 30 days, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, physical inactivity and BMI. We plot graphs to show the tendency between the number of cigarettes smoked per week, passively exposed days per week and non-HDL-C levels, respectively. Multiple regression models were used to assess the association between non-HDL-C level and TSE after the adjustment for covariates. Results: Of the 12,798 participants, mean age was 44.9±15.4 years, 46.8% were male. The prevalence of actively exposed, passively exposed and unexposed to tobacco smoke was 25.7%, 35.7% and 38.6%, respectively. Of the tobacco passively exposed subjects, 21.7% had to exposed to second-hand smoke every day. Among current smokers, 41.2% were smoking more than 120 cigarettes per week, and 56.6% were smoking more over 20 pack-years. With the increasing of the number of cigarettes smoked per week, the serum level of non-HDL-C in male increased gradually (Male: F=2.83, P=0.04; Female: F=1.23, P=0.32; Total: F=3.29, P=0.02). After multivariable adjustment, smokers had a higher non-HDL-C level (OR=1.34, 95%CI: 1.20,1.59, P=0.001) compared with tobacco unexposed subjects. However, passively smokers were not associated with non-HDL-C levels regardless of gender (OR=0.98, 95%CI: 0.78,1.23, P=0.87). Compared with lighter smokers, male smokers who smoked more than 140 cigarettes per week had significantly higher non-HDL-C levels (OR=1.30, 95%CI: 1.00,1.70, P=0.04). Male higher burden smokers (>20 pack-years) had more risk of having higher non-HDL-C level (OR=1.88, 95%CI: 1.46,2.43, P<0.001) compared with other smokers. However, there were no significant differences between non-HDL-C and smoking intensity or burden among female smokers.Conclusions: This study showed that strong associations between TSE and non-HDL-C levels, especially in male smokers. Findings of this work emphasize the importance of encouragement to focus on blood lipid levels among smokers.
Expert Nurses’ Coping Experiences in Ethically Challenging Situations: a Qualitative Study
Authors: Kim Yeon-Hee , Kang Young-ah , Ok Jeong-Hui , Choe Kwisoon 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background Nurses encounter ethically challenging situations in everyday practice. This study aimed to explore expert nurses’ experiences of coping with ethically challenging situations to understand nurses’ ethical competence.MethodsParticipants were recruited via purposive sampling. Small group interviews were conducted with 26 expert registered nurses in a general hospital in South Korea. The data were analysed using Giorgi’s descriptive phenomenological method. ResultsThe essential theme of nurses’ experience of coping with ethically challenging situations was ‘being faithful to the nature of caring’. This essential theme comprised three themes: self-monitoring of ethical insensitivity, maintaining honesty, and actively acting as an advocate. ConclusionsThe findings of this study showed that coping strategies of expert nurses are mostly consistent with the attributes of previously defined ethical competence in healthcare, and the way for expert nurses to deal with ethically challenging situations is to care for patients faithfully according to the spirit of caring. It is ethical to be faithful to the nature of caring. System-wide early counselling and interventions should be considered for nurses who have experienced ethical difficulties. Nursing administrators also should investigate ethically challenging situations and implement measures to improve such situations, if possible.