bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relevansi Pembelajaran Di Madrasah Nizamiyah Dengan Pembelajaran Pada Masa Sekarang
Authors: Karomah Fika Fitrotin 
Published: March 2021

Sejarah telah mencatat bahwa masa Daulah‘Abba>siyah adalah masa keemasan Islam terutama dalam bidang pendidikan. Pada masa ini telah berkembang berbagai cabang ilmu pengetahuan, ditambah lagi dengan banyaknya penerjemahan buku-buku dari bahasa asing ke bahasa Arab. Pada umumnya pembelajaran yang digunakan pada masa Bani ‘Abba>siyah cenderung menggunakan paradigma pembelajaran yang terpusat pada guru (konservatif). seperti: metode lisan, hafalan, pengulangan, dan tulisan.
Berangkat dari fenomena tersebut, maka penulis tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian tentang pembelajaran di madrasah Niz{amiyah, karena di madrasah merupakan bagian dari lembaga pendidikan formal yang terkenal pada masanya. Di madrasah ini menggunakan pendekatan pembelajaran konservatif mampu melahirkan ilmuan muslim dari berbagai bidang keahlian. Sehingga hal ini menggugah penulis untuk melakukan penelitian tentang pembelajaran di madrasah Niz{amiyah dan mencari relevansinya dengan pembelajaran pada masa sekarang.
Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan historis. Data dan informasi yang didapatkan dari berbagai referensi akan diolah, dianalisis dalam rangka untuk menemukan pembelajaran di Madrasah Niz{amiyah. Sedangkan metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah contentanalysis. Teknik pengumpulan data dan informasi menggunakan metode dokumentasi.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di Madrasah Niz{a>miyah cenderung metode mengajarnya menggunakan metode ceramah, tanya jawab. Metode ini termasuk dari model pembelajaran langsung. Sedangkan metode lain yang digunakan di Madrasah Niz{a>miyah ialah metode diskusi, koresponden jarak jauh, dan r{ihlah ilmiah. Metode ini merupakan bagian dari model pembelajaran berbasis masalah dan kontekstual. Jadi model pembelajaran yang digunakan di Madrasah Niz{a>miyah ialah model pembelajaran langsung, pembelajaran berbasis masalah, dan pembelajaran kontekstual. Sementara itu, terdapat relevansi antara pembelajaran di Madrasah Niz{amiyah dengan pembelajaran pada masa sekarang. Metode hafalan dan pengulangan memiliki relevansi dengan metode sorogan dan muh{afadlah, metode ceramah memiliki relevansi dengan metode bandongan, serta metode h{alaqah memiliki relevansi dengan metode diskusi (Muh{adlarah, bah{thul Masa’>il).
The Education of Asian American Music Professionals: Exploration and Development of Ethnic Identity
Authors: Cayari Christopher 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Asian American people make up approximately 5.8% of the U.S. population (U.S. Census Bureau, 2019) and pursue careers in a variety of musical professions. However, a monoracial view of Asian Americans (Mok, 1998) that conceives of all Asian Americans as a homogenous group without regard to ethnicity or cultural background has led to widespread stereotypes. The desire to acculturate to U.S. culture and Western European art music ideals can pressure Asian Americans to play certain instruments, restrict their involvement to particular areas of music, or force them to portray their ethnicity in offensive ways. This study looked at the racial and ethnic identity development of nine Asian American music professionals from various career paths in education, performance, curation, and history through a web survey and subsequent semistructured interviews. Findings pertained to the musical upbringing of participants both inside and outside of school, the social contexts that affected participants’ musical endeavors, pressures from dominant cultures that participants faced while in school and during their careers, and the actions participants took in their careers that were a result of growing up as Asian Americans in various music learning contexts (e.g., school, community, familial, and informal).
Picturing Animals
Authors: Stanton Rebecca 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This review article analyzes Radiant: Farm Animals Up Close and Personal (2018) by Traer Scott. Radiant is a collection of photographs and profiles of individual farmed animals, such as cows, pigs, and turkeys. The review explores the text’s significance in an era in which the factory farming of huge numbers of animals has become normalized. It also questions the text’s use of language, anthropomorphism, and individuality. The review praises Scott for individualizing species who are usually objectified, grouped, and hidden from consumers. By approaching the animals as individuals, Scott modifies the powerful “collapse of compassion” effect. This article also applauds Scott’s lack of neoteny and anthropocentric attitude. The only criticism of the text is the small amount of anthropomorphism of the animals themselves, which is probably unavoidable on Scott’s part. Factory farming is the biggest killer of land animals annually. Because it is so ubiquitous and normalized, it is a challenge to help consumers think about the meat on their plate. However, Radiant approaches this difficult issue in a practical, gentle, and nonpreachy manner. Scott’s text is engaging and captivating rather than self-righteous and aggressive.
Genome-wide identification of HSF family in peach and functional analysis of PpHSF5 involvement in root and aerial organ development
Authors: Tan Bin , Yan Liu , Li Huannan , Lian Xiaodong , Cheng Jun , Wang Wei , Zheng Xianbo , Wang Xiaobei , Li Jidong , Ye Xia , Zhang Langlang , Li Zhiqian , Feng Jiancan 
Published: March 2021

Background
Heat shock factors (HSFs) play important roles during normal plant growth and development and when plants respond to diverse stressors. Although most studies have focused on the involvement of HSFs in the response to abiotic stresses, especially in model plants, there is little research on their participation in plant growth and development or on the HSF (PpHSF) gene family in peach (Prunus persica).

Methods
DBD (PF00447), the HSF characteristic domain, was used to search the peach genome and identify PpHSFs. Phylogenetic, multiple alignment and motif analyses were conducted using MEGA 6.0, ClustalW and MEME, respectively. The function of PpHSF5 was confirmed by overexpression of PpHSF5 into Arabidopsis.

Results
Eighteen PpHSF genes were identified within the peach genome. The PpHSF genes were nonuniformly distributed on the peach chromosomes. Seventeen of the PpHSFs (94.4%) contained one or two introns, except PpHSF18, which contained three introns. The in silico-translated PpHSFs were classified into three classes (PpHSFA, PpHSFB and PpHSFC) based on multiple alignment, motif analysis and phylogenetic comparison with HSFs from Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa. Dispersed gene duplication (DSD at 67%) mainly contributed to HSF gene family expansion in peach. Promoter analysis showed that the most common cis-elements were the MYB (abiotic stress response), ABRE (ABA-responsive) and MYC (dehydration-responsive) elements. Transcript profiling of 18 PpHSFs showed that the expression trend of PpHSF5 was consistent with shoot length changes in the cultivar ‘Zhongyoutao 14’. Further analysis of the PpHSF5 was conducted in 5-year-old peach trees, Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis thaliana, respectively. Tissue-specific expression analysis showed that PpHSF5 was expressed predominantly in young vegetative organs (leaf and apex). Subcellular localization revealed that PpHSF5 was located in the nucleus in N. benthamiana cells. Two transgenic Arabidopsis lines were obtained that overexpressed PpHSF5. The root length and the number of lateral roots in the transgenic seedlings were significantly less than in WT seedlings and after cultivation for three weeks. The transgenic rosettes were smaller than those of the WT at 2–3 weeks. The two transgenic lines exhibited a dwarf phenotype three weeks after transplanting, although there was no significant difference in the number of internodes. Moreover, the PpHSF5-OE lines exhibited enhanced thermotolerance. These results indicated that PpHSF5 might be act as a suppresser of growth and development of root and aerial organs.
­­Effect of multimodal cues from a predatory fish on refuge use and foraging on an amphidromous shrimp
Authors: Ocasio-Torres Maria E. , Crowl Todd A. , Sabat Alberto M. 
Published: March 2021

Background
Prey can alter their behavior when detecting predator cues. Little is known about which sensory channel, number of channels, or the interaction among channels that shrimp species use to evaluate the threat from predators. The amphidromous shrimp Xiphocaris elongata has an induced defense, an elongated rostrum, where predatory fishes are present. We sought to test if kairomones or visual cues when presented singly from fish either eating flakes or shrimp, had more effect on altering the temporal feeding and refuge use patterns of long-rostrum (LR) X. elongata. We were also interested in elucidating potential interactions among cues when presented simultaneously in different combinations (kairomones + visual + mechanosensory, kairomones + alarm + visual, kairomones + alarm, kairomones + visual) on the same response variables. We expected that when presented alone kairomones will significantly increase refuge use and decrease foraging, particularly late at night, in comparison to visual cues alone, and that multiple cues when presented simultaneously will further increase refuge use and decrease foraging at night.

Methods
We exposed shrimp to individual or multiple cues from the predatory fish mountain mullet, Augonostomus monticola. We examined shrimp behavior with respect to refuge use and foraging activity during four time periods (after sunset, nighttime, sunrise, and sunset) in a 24-hour period.

Results
Shrimp presented fish visual and chemical cues singly did not differ from one another but differed from control shrimp (no cues) with respect to refuge use or foraging. The number of shrimp using refuge in the treatment with most cues (KVM: kairomones+ visual + mechanosensory) was higher than in all the treatments with less cues. A significant decline in foraging was observed when multiple cues were presented simultaneously. The highest number of shrimp foraged one hour after sunset and at nighttime. A significant interaction was observed between cue treatments and time periods, with shrimp in the KVM treatment foraging less and using more refuge late at night and at sunrise than shrimp in other treatments or time periods.

Conclusions
The observation that fish chemical and visual cues when presented singly produced similar refuge use and foraging patterns was contrary to expectation and suggests that visual and chemical cues, when presented alone, provide redundant information to X. elongata with regards to predation threat. The significant increase in refuge use and reduction in foraging observed in the KVM treatment suggest multimodal signal enhancement in the perception of threat. This makes evolutionary sense in “noisy” environments, such as streams, where detection, localization, and intention of predators is much improved when cues are received through multiple sensory channels.
Knowledge of COVID-19 and Death Toll Cases in Manipur
Authors: Devi H. Sorojini , Devi K. Somarani , Devi Th. Kanon , Meetei Ak. Bojen 
Published: March 2021

Background: The disease Covid-19 has led to a great loss of million people worldwide and this disease is caused by a novel virus called SARS-CoV-2.
Objective: The objective of the present study aims at examining the knowledge of Coronavirus disease (COVID -19) among the participants and the death toll cases in Manipur.
Setting: The study was conducted in the campuses of Dhanamanjuri Colleges of Arts, Science and Commerce, Dhanamanjuri University, Imphal, Manipur.
Subjects and Methods: A total of 200 participants (boys=110 and girls =90) aged 20-30 years was considered for this present study. Data were collected using interview schedule containing Covid -19 related variables.
Design: The design of the present study is based on Cross-sectional method.
Results: Results indicated that maximum participants (83.5%) considered Covid-19 as virus, 1.0% thought as bacteria, but 15.5% knew that Covid -19 is a disease. A very high percentage of students (95.5%) knew the various symptoms of the disease. Amongst them, 92.5% of participants also knew the mode of transmission of the novel Virus. However, 4.5% and 8.5% of them had incomplete knowledge about of the mysterious novel coronavirus disease symptoms and its mode of transmission. While maintaining the preventive measures, 10.5% of participants used masks irregularly in the public places. As well as, only 34.0% of respondents kept masks inside the pocket or bag, and 5.5% of the subjects didn’t have the idea of washing hands or sanitisation. It was also found among the participants that some of them (30.0%) were aware of testing to know the status of Covid-19 and the number of confirmed cases was 8.0%. From the above results, it may be said that there was lack of proper knowledge among some section of the participants. The lack of proper knowledge of any novel fatal disease or virus and its related preventive measures are major risks to the whole public. However, immune responds can play role in defending the risk of the disease.
Reliability Evaluation of Rooftop Solar Photovoltaics Using Coherent Threshold Systems
Authors: Uswarman Rudi , Rushdi Ali Muhammad 
Published: March 2021

The trend for use of rooftop solar photovoltaics (PV) is rising due to their promising economic potential as a source of clean renewable energy. In general, a source of renewable solar energy consists of solar PV, an automatic charge controller, a battery pack, and an inverter. The reliability of a rooftop solar PV system is evaluated herein as that of a coherent threshold system (CTS). First, we utilize the unit-gap method and the fair-power method to verify that a given Boolean function is a threshold one and to identify its threshold and component weights. Both methods utilize specific features of the Karnaugh map (K-map). The unit-gap method uses the map to list all necessary inequalities by inspection, and then reduce them significantly by omitting dominated ones. The fair-power method uses the Karnaugh map to compute Banzhaf indices by appropriate map folding followed by XORing of true cells and false cells. We evaluate the CTS reliability via a recursive algorithm based on the Boole-Shannon’s expansion in the switching domain, which is transformed via the real transform to the total probability law in the probability domain.
Adaptive preview control with deck motion compensation for autonomous carrier landing of an aircraft
Authors: Bhatia Ajeet Kumar , Jiang Ju , Kumar Aakash , Shah Syed Awais Ali , Rohra Avinash , ZiYang Zhen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this article, an autonomous carrier landing problem of an aircraft is addressed by developing an autonomous carrier landing system (ACLS) composed of previewable guidance and control systems. In the guidance system, an appropriate touchdown point is estimated by predicting the seakeeping motion of the deck by unscented Kalman filtering technique, which is then utilized to adjust the reference glide path and produce an effective deck motion compensation, indispensable for a safe landing. The adaptive preview control (APC) scheme is proposed, which utilizes future reference information. The feedback and feedforward adaptive gains are derived through the Lyapunov stability theorem ensuring better tracking response and disturbance rejection. Hence, the asymptotic stability of the closed‐loop system is guaranteed. The simulation results depict better performance of the proposed ACLS in the presence of deck fluctuations and airwake disturbance compared with PID and LMI based preview control schemes.
Electrically Conductive and 3D‐Printable Oxidized Alginate‐Gelatin Polypyrrole:PSS Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering
Authors: Distler Thomas , Polley Christian , Shi Fukun , Schneidereit Dominik , Ashton Mark. D. , Friedrich Oliver , Kolb Jürgen F. , Hardy John G. , Detsch Rainer , Seitz Hermann , Boccaccini Aldo R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractElectroactive hydrogels can be used to influence cell response and maturation by electrical stimulation. However, hydrogel formulations which are 3D printable, electroactive, cytocompatible, and allow cell adhesion, remain a challenge in the design of such stimuli‐responsive biomaterials for tissue engineering. Here, a combination of pyrrole with a high gelatin‐content oxidized alginate‐gelatin (ADA‐GEL) hydrogel is reported, offering 3D‐printability of hydrogel precursors to prepare cytocompatible and electrically conductive hydrogel scaffolds. By oxidation of pyrrole, electroactive polypyrrole:polystyrenesulfonate (PPy:PSS) is synthesized inside the ADA‐GEL matrix. The hydrogels are assessed regarding their electrical/mechanical properties, 3D‐printability, and cytocompatibility. It is possible to prepare open‐porous scaffolds via bioplotting which are electrically conductive and have a higher cell seeding efficiency in scaffold depth in comparison to flat 2D hydrogels, which is confirmed via multiphoton fluorescence microscopy. The formation of an interpenetrating polypyrrole matrix in the hydrogel matrix increases the conductivity and stiffness of the hydrogels, maintaining the capacity of the gels to promote cell adhesion and proliferation. The results demonstrate that a 3D‐printable ADA‐GEL can be rendered conductive (ADA‐GEL‐PPy:PSS), and that such hydrogel formulations have promise for cell therapies, in vitro cell culture, and electrical‐stimulation assisted tissue engineering.
The Synergy of Topographical Micropatterning and Ta|TaCu Bilayered Thin Film on Titanium Implants Enables Dual‐Functions of Enhanced Osteogenesis and Anti‐Infection
Authors: Zhu Mingyu , Fang Ju , Li Yulei , Zhong Chuanxin , Feng Shihui , Ge Xiang , Ye Haixia , Wang Xiaofei , Zhu Weiwei , Lu Xiong , Ren Fuzeng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPoor osteogenesis and implant‐associated infection are the two leading causes of failure for dental and orthopedic implants. Surface design with enhanced osteogenesis often fails in antibacterial activity, or vice versa. Herein, a surface design strategy, which overcomes this trade‐off via the synergistic effects of topographical micropatterning and a bilayered nanostructured metallic thin film is presented. A specific microgrooved pattern is fabricated on the titanium surface, followed by sequential deposition of a nanostructured copper (Cu)‐containing tantalum (Ta) (TaCu) layer and a pure Ta cap layer. The microgrooved patterns coupled with the nanorough Ta cap layer shows strong contact guidance to preosteoblasts and significantly enhances the osteogenic differentiation in vitro, while the controlled local sustained release of Cu ions is responsible for high antibacterial activity. Importantly, rat calvarial defect models in vivo further confirm that the synergy of microgrooved patterns and the Ta|TaCu bilayered thin film on titanium surface could effectively promote bone regeneration. The present effective and versatile surface design strategy provides significant insight into intelligent surface engineering that can control biological response at the site of healing in dental and orthopedic implants.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor‐Based Strategies for Synergistic Cancer Therapy
Authors: He Mengying , Yang Tao , Wang Yuhan , Wang Mengyuan , Chen Xingye , Ding Dawei , Zheng Yiran , Chen Huabing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractImmune checkpoint blockade therapy (ICBT) targeting checkpoints, such as, cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte associated protein‐4 (CTLA‐4), programmed death‐1 (PD‐1), or programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1), can yield durable immune response in various types of cancers and has gained constantly increasing research interests in recent years. However, the efficacy of ICBT alone is limited by low response rate and immune‐related side effects. Emerging preclinical and clinical studies reveal that chemotherapy, radiotherapy, phototherapy, or other immunotherapies can reprogramm immunologically “cold” tumor microenvironment into a “hot” one, thus synergizing with ICBT. In this review, the working principle and current development of various immune checkpoint inhibitors are summarized, while the interactive mechanism and recent progress of ICBT‐based synergistic therapies with other immunotherapy, chemotherapy, phototherapy, and radiotherapy in fundamental and clinical studies in the past 5 years are depicted and highlighted. Moreover, the potential issues in current studies of ICBT‐based synergistic therapies and future perspectives are also discussed.
A Wetting‐Enabled‐Transfer (WET) Strategy for Precise Surface Patterning of Organohydrogels
Authors: Wan Xizi , Xu Xuetao , Liu Xi , Jia Lanxin , He Xiao , Wang Shutao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe ability to manipulate water and oil phases in a designable manner is of great significance in widespread fields from art paintings to materials science. However, achieving precise and stable surface patterns for two immiscible phases of water and oil remains a challenge. Herein, a general wetting‐enabled‐transfer (WET) strategy is reported to construct discretionary shape‐defined surface patterns of organohydrogels along with their monolithic formation either from flat to curved surfaces or from the microscale to the macroscale. Locally differentiated wettability induces hydrophilic monomers and hydrophobic monomers from an emulsion system onto the wettability‐matching regions of the prepatterned substrates, subsequently forming corresponding hydrogel and organogel patterns on the organohydrogel surface after in situ photopolymerization. The precision of the surface patterns can be controlled by optimizing the gel monomers, emulsion droplet size, and surface chemical composition of the prepatterned substrates. This finding may provide a feasible strategy for precisely patterning functional materials from two‐immiscible‐phase systems.
Design and Challenges of Sonodynamic Therapy System for Cancer Theranostics: From Equipment to Sensitizers
Authors: Gong Zhuoran , Dai Zhifei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAs a novel noninvasive therapeutic modality combining low‐intensity ultrasound and sonosensitizers, sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is promising for clinical translation due to its high tissue‐penetrating capability to treat deeper lesions intractable by photodynamic therapy (PDT), which suffers from the major limitation of low tissue penetration depth of light. The effectiveness and feasibility of SDT are regarded to rely on not only the development of stable and flexible SDT apparatus, but also the screening of sonosensitizers with good specificity and safety. To give an outlook of the development of SDT equipment, the key technologies are discussed according to five aspects including ultrasonic dose settings, sonosensitizer screening, tumor positioning, temperature monitoring, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection. In addition, some state‐of‐the‐art SDT multifunctional equipment integrating diagnosis and treatment for accurate SDT are introduced. Further, an overview of the development of sonosensitizers is provided from small molecular sensitizers to nano/microenhanced sensitizers. Several types of nanomaterial‐augmented SDT are in discussion, including porphyrin‐based nanomaterials, porphyrin‐like nanomaterials, inorganic nanomaterials, and organic–inorganic hybrid nanomaterials with different strategies to improve SDT therapeutic efficacy. There is no doubt that the rapid development and clinical translation of sonodynamic therapy will be promoted by advanced equipment, smart nanomaterial‐based sonosensitizer, and multidisciplinary collaboration.