bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incident Reporting Reduction during the Covid-19 Pandemic in a Tertiary Italian Hospital. A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Pauletti G , Girotto C , De Luca G , Saieva A M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Incident reporting (IR) is one of the most used systems to gain knowledge of AEs and to identify sources of risk. During COVID-19 pandemic, several organizational changes have been implemented to respond adequately and effectively to the emergency; this required the suspension of most deferrable activities. The aim of this study is to investigate whether incident reporting attitude of health workers has been reduced during the pandemic event.

Method
A retrospective analysis was conducted at the Azienda Ospedale – Università di Padova (Italy), considering IR of years 2019 and 2020. To standardize the effects of the decrease in admissions, we considered the number of incidents per 1,000 admissions.

Results
Data shows that during the first (March-May 2020) and second waves (October-December 2020) of the COVID-19 pandemic there was a statistically significant reduction in the rate of incident reporting for every 1,000 admissions (p=0.001 – Wilcoxon test), especially for adverse events and in COVID-19 units.

Conclusion
This study shows a reduction in incident reporting especially during the first and second pandemic waves of COVID-19 in year 2020. Education and training interventions could be fundamental to raise awareness of the importance of incident reporting in health workers, as this could provide opportunities to understand what is impacting on safety in a particular healthcare context and enable continuous improvement.
The potential for leveraging machine learning to filter medication alerts
Authors: Liu Siru , Kawamoto Kensaku , Del Fiol Guilherme , Weir Charlene , Malone Daniel C , Reese Thomas J , Morgan Keaton , ElHalta David , Abdelrahman Samir 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the potential for machine learning to predict medication alerts that might be ignored by a user, and intelligently filter out those alerts from the user’s view.

Materials and Methods
We identified features (eg, patient and provider characteristics) proposed to modulate user responses to medication alerts through the literature; these features were then refined through expert review. Models were developed using rule-based and machine learning techniques (logistic regression, random forest, support vector machine, neural network, and LightGBM). We collected log data on alerts shown to users throughout 2019 at University of Utah Health. We sought to maximize precision while maintaining a false-negative rate &lt;0.01, a threshold predefined through discussion with physicians and pharmacists. We developed models while maintaining a sensitivity of 0.99. Two null hypotheses were developed: H1—there is no difference in precision among prediction models; and H2—the removal of any feature category does not change precision.

Results
A total of 3,481,634 medication alerts with 751 features were evaluated. With sensitivity fixed at 0.99, LightGBM achieved the highest precision of 0.192 and less than 0.01 for the pre-defined maximal false-negative rate by subject-matter experts (H1) (P &lt; 0.001). This model could reduce alert volume by 54.1%. We removed different combinations of features (H2) and found that not all features significantly contributed to precision. Removing medication order features (eg, dosage) most significantly decreased precision (−0.147, P = 0.001).

Conclusions
Machine learning potentially enables the intelligent filtering of medication alerts.
Supplementing a blend of magnesium oxide to feedlot cattle: effects on ruminal, physiological, and productive responses
Authors: Colombo Eduardo A , Cooke Reinaldo F , Araújo Ana Clara R , Harvey Kelsey M , Pohler Ky G , Brandão Alice P 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis experiment evaluated ruminal, physiological, and productive responses of feedlot cattle consuming a corn-based finishing diet that included different levels of a magnesium oxide (MG) blend. Yearling cattle (58 heifers and 62 steers) were ranked by sex and initial body weight (BW; 407 ± 3.1 kg), and allocated to 4 groups of 30 animals each. Groups were housed in one of four drylot pens (30 × 12 m) equipped with GrowSafe automated feeding systems (Model 6000E, 4 bunks/pen) during the experiment (days −14 to 117). On day 0, groups were randomly assigned to receive a total-mixed ration without (CON; n = 30) or with the inclusion (as-fed basis) of MG at 0.25% (MG25; n = 30), 0.50% (MG50; n = 30), or 0.75% (MG75; n = 30) until slaughter on day 118. Individual feed intake was recorded daily, and BW was recorded every 14 d and prior to slaughter (day 117). Blood samples were collected on days 0, 28, 56, 84, and 112, and hair samples were collected on days 0, 56, and 112 from the tail-switch. On day 42, eight rumen-cannulated steers (BW = 492 ± 8.0 kg) were housed with yearling cattle (1 pair/pen). Pairs rotated among groups every 14 d, resulting in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design (n = 8/treatment; days 42 to 98). Rumen pH was measured on days 7 and 14 of each period (0800, 1200, 1600, and 2000 h). Orthogonal contrasts were used to determine if inclusion of MG (0%, 0.25%, 0.50%, or 0.75% of the diet) yielded linear or quadratic effects, and to explore overall effect of MG supplementation (CON vs. MG25 + MG50 + MG75). No treatment differences were noted (P ≥ 0.31) for BW gain, feed intake, or feed efficiency. Cattle supplemented with MG tended to have less carcass marbling (P = 0.07) compared with CON. Inclusion of MG linearly increased (P &lt; 0.01) mean plasma concentrations of magnesium and tended to linearly decrease (P = 0.09) mean plasma concentrations of haptoglobin. Cattle supplemented with MG had greater (P &lt; 0.01) mean plasma concentrations of cortisol compared with CON. Hair cortisol concentration did not differ between treatments on day 56 (P ≥ 0.25) and linearly decreased (P &lt; 0.01) with MG inclusion on day 112 (treatment × day; P = 0.02). Inclusion of MG linearly increased (P = 0.03) mean rumen pH, but these outcomes were mostly noted during the last two sampling of the day (treatment × hour; P = 0.02). Collectively, supplemental MG was effective in controlling rumen pH in cattle receiving a corn-based finishing diet, but without improvements in feedlot performance and carcass merit.
Ecological Characterization of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) at the Southern Coast of Mar Chiquita Lake, Argentina
Authors: Visintin Andrés M , Laurito Magdalena , Grech Marta G , Estallo Elizabet L , Grillet María E , Almeida Francisco F Ludueña , Almirón Walter R 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the southern coast of Mar Chiquita Lake, central Argentina, mosquitoes affect public health and community livelihood, since they transmit pathogens to human beings causing diseases such as malaria, filariasis, encephalitis, yellow fever, and dengue, among others, and have a negative effect on cattle farming as well. To characterize the structure of the mosquito assemblage of the region, we determined the species composition and diversity, the temporal distribution of different species, and the patterns of species richness, abundance, and diversity across seasons. We collected adult mosquitoes over a two-year period (October 2004–September 2006) by means of CDC light traps baited with CO2 from 18:00 to 08:00 h during the warm season (October–April) and from 12:00 h to 18:00 h in the cold season (May–September). A total of 71,501 individuals from 30 species were collected, with Culex Linnaeus and Aedes Meigen genera representing more than 98% of collected specimens (61.5% and 37.3%, respectively). The higher values of richness and abundance of Culicidae were registered in warm seasons compared to cold seasons. Chao1 estimates suggested that more than 90% of the species were detected in all seasons. Mosquito abundance distribution fit the logarithmic series and log-normal models. Aedes albifasciatus (Macquart), Ae. scapularis (Rondani), Culex interfor Dyar, Cx. saltanensis Dyar, and Cx. dolosus (Lynch Arribálzaga), vectors incriminated in arbovirus transmission, were abundant year-round, with Cx. saltanensis and Cx. dolosus most prevalent in cold seasons. Further studies are needed to assess the role of these species in arbovirus transmission in this region of central Argentina.
Approaching language levels and registers in written Chinese with the Menzerath–Altmann Law
Authors: Chen Heng , Liu Haitao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The length of language units, such as word length or sentence length, plays a critical role in register classification studies. However, in this line of work, little attention has been paid to the relationship between the lengths of language units at different levels. The Menzerath–Altmann law (MAL) reflects the functional relationship between the lengths of linguistic units at different levels, and its parameters were shown to be register-sensitive. This article focuses on two interrelated questions based on the MAL: (1) whether there are variations in the hierarchical relationships between language units at different levels and (2) whether such variations will influence register classifications. The results based on written Chinese show that (1) the MAL fittings at the ‘sentence &gt; clause &gt; word’ levels outperform that at the ‘clause &gt; word &gt; character’ levels and (2) the classifications based on two registers, i.e., Press (reportage) and Science (academic prose), demonstrate that the fitting parameters at the ‘sentence &gt; clause &gt; word’ levels also outperform those at the ‘clause &gt; word &gt; character’ levels. These indicate that the variations of hierarchical relationships between language units at different levels should be considered in register analysis. Further interpretations were given from perspectives of the information-theoretic principle and language evolution.
Radiative lifetimes, branching fractions, and oscillator strengths for highly excited levels in singly ionized tantalum (Ta ii)
Authors: Zhang Lijun , Wu Yaxin , Liu Meina , Ma Huiting , Quinet Pascal , Dai Zhenwen 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Radiative lifetimes of 28 levels of Ta ii in the energy range 29256.907–55128.389 cm−1 were measured by time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence (TR-LIF) spectroscopy in laser-ablation plasma. Among the results, to our knowledge, 24 lifetimes are reported for the first time. These lifetimes, ranging from 2.7 to 111 ns, were combined with theoretical branching fractions obtained from pseudo-relativistic Hartree–Fock calculations including core-polarization effects to deduce semi-empirical transition probabilities and oscillator strengths for 284 Ta ii spectral lines.
New approaches for faint source detection in hard X-ray surveys
Authors: Lepingwell V A , Bird A J , Gunn S R 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
We demonstrate two new approaches that have been developed to aid the production of future hard X-ray catalogues, and specifically to reduce the reliance on human intervention during the detection of faint excesses in maps that also contain systematic noise. A convolutional neural network has been trained on data from the INTEGRAL/ISGRI telescope to create a source detection tool that is more sensitive than previous methods, whilst taking less time to apply to the data and reducing the human subjectivity involved in the process. This new tool also enables searches on smaller observation time-scales than was previously possible. We show that a method based on Bayesian reasoning is better able to combine the detections from multiple observations than previous methods. When applied to data from the first 1000 INTEGRAL revolutions these improved techniques detect 25 sources (about 5 per cent of the total sources) which were previously undetected in the stacked images used to derive the published catalogue made using the same data set.
On Two Different Kinds of Computational Indeterminacy
Authors: Papayannopoulos Philippos , Fresco Nir , Shagrir Oron 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIt is often indeterminate what function a given computational system computes. This phenomenon has been referred to as “computational indeterminacy” or “multiplicity of computations.” In this paper, we argue that what has typically been considered and referred to as the (unique) challenge of computational indeterminacy in fact subsumes two distinct phenomena, which are typically bundled together and should be teased apart. One kind of indeterminacy concerns a functional (or formal) characterization of the system’s relevant behavior (briefly: how its physical states are grouped together and corresponded to abstract states). Another kind concerns the manner in which the abstract (or computational) states are interpreted (briefly: what function the system computes). We discuss the similarities and differences between the two kinds of computational indeterminacy, their implications for certain accounts of “computational individuation” in the literature, and their relevance to different levels of description within the computational system. We also examine the inter-relationships between our proposed accounts of the two kinds of indeterminacy and the main accounts of “computational implementation.”
Sustained HIV Viral Suppression With Dolutegravir, Tenofovir, and Emtricitabine as Initial Therapy Despite High-Level Transmitted Multiclass Resistance
Authors: Nagami Ellen H , Thakarar Kinna , Sax Paul E 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Multiclass high-level transmitted HIV drug resistance is uncommon, and the selection of the optimal initial antiretroviral drug regimen may be challenging. We report a case of extensive transmitted multiclass resistance successfully treated with dolutegravir, tenofovir, and emtricitabine even though the baseline genotype demonstrated full susceptibility to only 1 drug class, integrase strand transfer inhibitors. Our case highlights both the high resistance barrier of dolutegravir and the residual antiviral activity of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors despite extensive resistance on genotype.
Contact calls of island Brown-throated Parakeets exhibit both character and variance shifts compared to calls of their mainland relatives
Authors: Eberhard Jessica R , Zager Irene , Ferrer-Paris José R , Rodríguez-Clark Kathryn 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Learned vocalizations play a key role in parrot social dynamics and vocal dialects have been documented for several mainland species, but to date no studies of geographically structured call variation in parrot species have examined the role of isolation on islands. In a study of the Brown-throated Parakeet (Eupsittula pertinax), which inhabits 5 small Caribbean islands as well as the adjacent mainland, we found that the contact calls of island and mainland parakeets show divergence in vocal characters as well as in call variability. We assessed call variation using 3 approaches: frequency measurements, spectrogram cross-correlation (SPCC) analyses, and call duration measurements. Island parakeets’ calls were longer and had lower mean frequencies, and calls from different islands were distinguishable from each other as well as from mainland calls using measures derived from the SPCCs. In addition, we measured call variability at 2 different levels—within-location and within-individual. We found calls to be more variable for island parakeets for SPCC and duration measures, but less variable for frequency measures. The observed call differentiation among locations may be due to drift, whereas the lower frequency of island calls could either be a response to the windy environment on the islands or a consequence of the island subspecies’ larger body sizes. We also hypothesize that the isolation of parakeet populations on small islands may have resulted in reduced selection for local call convergence, allowing island parakeets to produce more variable calls. We suggest that due to poor signal transmission in the windy island environment, selective pressures may favor variability in more easily perceived call features (like call duration) rather than more subtle features, like frequency shifts. Experimental tests are required to determine whether observed call patterns translate into similarly structured patterns in the responses to vocal variants.
LONG-RANGE ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT OF RADON IN EAST ASIA AND DEPOSITION OF ITS PROGENIES IN JAPAN
Authors: Yamazawa Hiromi , Cai Yu , Matsumoto Tatsuya , Moriizumi Jun , Hasegawa Hidenao , Kawano Takafumi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A three-dimensional long-range atmospheric transport model for 222Rn and its progenies was applied to simulate 210Pb deposition in Japan and its adjacent waters. Monthly precipitation and 210Pb deposition simulated by the model for winter months were favorably compared with observational data although they were exceptionally underestimated in Aomori. The large monthly deposition along the Japan Sea coast lines during winter was successfully simulated by the model to be nearly 200 Bq m−2, which was contrasted by about 10-fold smaller deposition in other regions. It was also pointed out that the heavy deposition areas formed a narrow band structure along the coastline with width of several tens of kilometers and 210Pb deposition amount positively correlated with the height of mountains located leeward of the heavy deposition areas.
Robust Analysis of Phylogenetic Tree Space
Authors: Smith Martin R 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Phylogenetic analyses often produce large numbers of trees. Mapping trees’ distribution in “tree space” can illuminate the behavior and performance of search strategies, reveal distinct clusters of optimal trees, and expose differences between different data sources or phylogenetic methods—but the high-dimensional spaces defined by metric distances are necessarily distorted when represented in fewer dimensions. Here, I explore the consequences of this transformation in phylogenetic search results from 128 morphological data sets, using stratigraphic congruence—a complementary aspect of tree similarity—to evaluate the utility of low-dimensional mappings. I find that phylogenetic similarities between cladograms are most accurately depicted in tree spaces derived from information-theoretic tree distances or the quartet distance. Robinson–Foulds tree spaces exhibit prominent distortions and often fail to group trees according to phylogenetic similarity, whereas the strong influence of tree shape on the Kendall–Colijn distance makes its tree space unsuitable for many purposes. Distances mapped into two or even three dimensions often display little correspondence with true distances, which can lead to profound misrepresentation of clustering structure. Without explicit testing, one cannot be confident that a tree space mapping faithfully represents the true distribution of trees, nor that visually evident structure is valid. My recommendations for tree space validation and visualization are implemented in a new graphical user interface in the “TreeDist” R package. [Multidimensional scaling; phylogenetic software; tree distance metrics; treespace projections.]
Recommendations from LGBTQ+ adults for increased inclusion within physical activity: a qualitative content analysis
Authors: Herrick Shannon S C , Baum Tyler , Duncan Lindsay R 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
For decades, physical activity contexts have been inherently exclusionary toward LGBTQ+ participation through their perpetuation of practices and systems that support sexuality- and gender-based discrimination. Progress toward LGBTQ+ inclusivity within physical activity has been severely limited by a lack of actionable and practical suggestions. The purpose of this study was to garner an extensive account of suggestions for inclusivity from LGBTQ+ adults. Using an online cross-sectional survey, LGBTQ+ adults (N = 766) were asked the following open-ended question, “in what ways do you think physical activity could be altered to be more inclusive of LGBTQ+ participation?” The resulting texts were coded using inductive qualitative content analysis. All coding was subject to critical peer review. Participants’ suggestions have been organized and presented under two overarching points of improvement: (a) creation of safe(r) spaces and (b) challenging the gender binary. Participants (n = 558; 72.8%) outlined several components integral to the creation and maintenance of safe(r) spaces such as: (i) LGBTQ+ memberships, (ii) inclusivity training for fitness facility staff, (iii) informative advertisement of LGBTQ+ inclusion, (iv) antidiscrimination policies, and (v) diverse representation. Suggestions for challenging the gender binary (n = 483; 63.1%) called for the creation of single stalls or gender-neutral locker rooms, as well as for the questioning of gender-based stereotypes and binary divisions of gender within physical activity (e.g., using skill level and experience to divide sports teams as opposed to gender). The findings of this study represent a multitude of practical suggestions for LGBTQ+ inclusivity that can be applied to a myriad of physical activity contexts.
Bacteremic and Nonbacteremic Brucellosis in Children in Turkey
Authors: Özdem Suna , Tanır Gönül , Öz Fatma Nur , Yalçınkaya Rumeysa , Cinni Rüveyda Gümüşer , Savaş Şen Zeynep , Aydın Nesibe Nur , Kaman Ayşe , Polat Meltem , Aydın Teke Türkan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Human brucellosis is one of the most common zoonotic infections in the world. The definitive diagnosis of brucellosis is based on cultured Brucella organisms from blood or other tissue samples. We aimed to compare bacteremic and nonbacteremic brucellosis patients with demographical, epidemiological, clinical and laboratory features and determine the predictive factors affecting blood culture positivity.

Materials and Methods
Children aged 1 month to 18 years who were followed up with the diagnosis of brucellosis between January 2005 and March 2021 were included in this retrospective study. According to the isolation of Brucella melitensis in blood culture, the patients were divided into two groups as bacteremic and nonbacteremic and compared in terms of demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics.

Results
One hundred eighty-nine (116 male, 61.4%) patients diagnosed with brucellosis were included in the study. There were 76 (40.2%) bacteremic and 113 (59.8%) nonbacteremic patients. Bacteremic patients were younger than nonbacteremic patients. Fever, arthralgia, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly were significantly higher in the culture positive group. High levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were found to be significant in the bacteremic group.

Conclusion
In our study, history of fever and arthralgia, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly in physical examination and high CRP, ALT and AST levels in the biochemical analysis were important factors determining blood culture positivity.