bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rising Star Exchange: An Alternative Capital Market for SME in Indonesia
Authors: . Masripah , . Meizaroh , Yuniar Alvita , Ardhana Pramuditya 
Published: November 2021

<p>The purpose of this paper is to formulate an ideal stock exchange to help Small-Medium Entity (SMEs) in getting the capital they need. SMEs face some difficulties to grow its business. Access to the capital market is one of their main obstacles. This research uses a descriptive approach. This research discusses the problem by using literature study and secondary data as a source of information which is then analysed to be interpreted. This paper analyses both equity crowdfunding and Indonesian Stock Exchange Acceleration Board as the currently available equity market for SMEs. The key takeaways from both capital markets then being used to develop a new capital market called Rising Star Exchange (RiSE). The results of this paper implicate that by having this stock exchange, SMEs will have better access to funding while the investors also get the level of protection they need. The paper contributes to the social, economic and business sciences. The results of this paper could be used by the government to formulate a regulatory environment which could support the growth of SMEs, by the SMEs to find another alternative source of fund, and by the investors to allocate their fund in SMEs investment.</p><p> </p>
Aplicação da bioética deliberativa para resolução de problemas éticos no contexto da COVID-19: caso ético
Authors: Militão Thayná Oliveira , Santana Árgila Gonçalves de Carvalho , Bacelar Nidiane Evans Cabral , Santos Deisy Vital , Queiroz Joseneide Santos , Nascimento Patrícia Veiga , Marques Patrícia Figueiredo 
Published: November 2021

Objetivo: descrever a aplicação da bioética deliberativa na resolução de problemas éticos no contexto da COVID-19. Método: trata-se de um estudo descritivo, do tipo caso ético, com abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvido no período de março a maio de 2020, na componente curricular de Biossegurança, Ética e Bioética, do Programa de Residência de Enfermagem com Ênfase em Cardiologia, da Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia. Resultados: foi realizada a análise do caso proposto através das seguintes etapas do processo deliberativo: Deliberação sobre os fatos (apresentação do caso e esclarecimento dos fatos); Deliberação sobre os valores: identificação dos problemas morais do caso; Indicação do problema moral fundamental e identificação dos valores em conflito; Deliberação sobre os deveres (identificação dos cursos de ação extremos, intermédios e do ótimo); Deliberação sobre as responsabilidades (submeter o curso ótimo de ação às provas de consistência de tempo, publicidade e legalidade). Conclusão: a utilização do processo deliberativo em problemas éticos do cotidiano estimula a transformação da prática profissional na busca por decisões prudentes, permitindo que os fatos sejam explorados, que os valores sejam identificados e que os deveres sejam executados.
Современные проблемы землеустройства и кадастра Турции
Authors: Бокарева Мария Викторовна , Сизов Александр Павлович 
Published: November 2021

Публикация представляет собой обзор современного состояния земельных ресурсов, системы кадастра и землеустройства в Турции. Рассмотрена история системы, ее структура
и функции регистрации, особенности регистрации прав иностранцев, изучен основной генеральный директорат земельного регистра и кадастра (GDLRC). В заключении отмечены рекомендации по созданию национальной программы и улучшению функций программы “Подземный кадастр”.
PEMANFAATAN INTENSITAS SINAR MATAHARI UNTUK PANEL SURYA SEBAGAI SUMBER DAYA MENGGUNAKAN POWER INVERTER DC KE AC DAYA RENDAH
Authors: Koesmarijanto  , Muzakhim Imammudin Azam , Darmono Hendro 
Published: November 2021

Energi bersih dan terbarukan dengan memanfaatkan intesitas sinar (energi) matahari pada sistem pembangkitan listrik tenaga surya. Sel surya dapat mengubah secara langsung energi sinar matahari dari diatomik menjadi energi listrik. Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) dirancang sesuai kebutuhan dari skala rumah tangga sampai skala besar dengan teknologi yang mudah diadopsi oleh masyarakat. Energi matahari yang dikonversikan menjadi energi listrik dengan memanfaatkan panel surya digunakan sebagai energi alternatif yang dimanfaatkan untuk perumahan yang berada di daerah terpencil atau untuk keperluan yang lain. Tujuan penelitian ini mendesain sistem pembangkit tenaga surya dengan daya rendah untuk daerah yang belum terjangkau oleh aliran listrik atau memanfaatkan energi panel surya saat aliran listrik kondisi padam. Hasil variabel uji penelitian ini adalah tegangan yang dihasilkan kondisi konstan pada aki sebesar 12 Volt untuk mendorong inverter power dc ke ac menjadi tegangan 220 Volt. Tegangan Panel Surya sesuai spesifikasi tanpa beban (open circuit) sebesar 21,8 V dan diukur sebesar 19,8 V kondisi siang hari (cerah) jam 12.30 wib, sedangkan tegangan aki sebesar 12,61 V tanpa beban. Tegangan panel surya sebesar 19,8 V dibebani aki mengalami penurunan menjadi 14,4 V pada Solar Charge Controller, . Efisiensi panel surya sebesar 16,83 %.
Imbalance in the Gut Microbiota of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Ding Hongfang , Yi Xinhao , Zhang Xiaohua , Wang Hui , Liu Hui , Mou Wei-Wei 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) are complex behavioral changes manifesting early in childhood, which impacts how an individual perceives and socializes with others. The study aims to assess the disparities in gut microbiota (GM) amongst healthy controls and children with ASD.MethodsThe study was performed on 25 children with ASD and 20 healthy children. Autistic symptoms were diagnosed and assessed with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders and the Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC). Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms were assessed with a GI Severity Index (GSI) questionnaire. The fecal bacteria composition was investigated by the high−throughput sequencing of the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. The alpha diversity was estimated using the Shannon, Chao, and ACE indexes. The unweighted UniFrac analysis and the PCA plots were used to represent the beta diversity. LDA and LEfSe were used to assess the effect sizes of each abundant differential taxon.ResultsChildren with high GSI scores had much higher ATEC Total scores than those with lower GSI-scores. GI symptoms were strongly associated with symptoms of ASD. There was no difference in Chao, ACE, and Shannon indexes between ASD patients and healthy controls. Both groups showed a significant microbiota structure clustering in the plotted PCAs and significant differences in its composition at the family, order, genus, and phyla levels. There were also noteworthy overall relative differences in Actinobacteria and Firmicutes between both groups.ConclusionsThis study shows the relationship between the clinical manifestations of Autistic symptoms and GI symptoms. ASD patients have dysbiosis of gut microbiota, which may be related to the onset of ASD. These findings may be beneficial for developing ASD symptoms by changing gut microbiota.
Bloodstream Infections Caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase–Producing P. aeruginosa Sequence Type 463, Associated With High Mortality Rates in China: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Hu Hangbin , Zhang Yan , Zhang Piaopiao , Wang Jie , Yuan Qing , Shi Weixiao , Zhang Sheng , Feng Haiting , Chen Yunbo , Yu Meihong , Chen Hongchao , Jiang Yan , Yang Qing , Qu Tingting 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesRecently, KPC-producing P. aeruginosa has rapidly emerged and expanded in East China. Here we described the clinical impact and characteristics of bloodstream infections (BSIs) from the dominant KPC-producing CRPA belonging to Sequence Type (ST) 463.MethodsRetrospective cohort study was performed with CRPA BSI cases from 2019 to 2020 in a hospital in East China. Clinical characteristics, risk factors, and all-course mortality were evaluated. All CRPA isolates had whole-genome sequencing, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and serum resistance assay. Representative isolates were tested for virulence in a Galleria mellonella infection model.ResultsAmong the 50 CRPA BSI cases, ST463 predominated (48.0%). In multivariate analysis, we found three independent risk factors for fatal outcome: KPC carriage (OR 4.8; CI95% 1.0-23.7; P = 0.05), Pitt bacteremia score (OR 1.3; CI95% 1.0-1.6; P = 0.02), and underlying hematological disease (OR 8.5; CI95% 1.6-46.4; P = 0.01). The baseline clinical variables were not statistically different across STs, however the 28-day mortality was significantly higher in ST463 cases than that in non-ST463 cases (66.7% vs 33.3%, P = 0.03). ExoU and exoS virulence genes coexisted in all ST463 isolates, and the carbapenem resistant gene blaKPC were produced in almost all ST463 isolates, significantly higher than in the non-ST463 group(95.8% vs 7.7%, P&lt;0.001). ST463 CRPA isolates also showed higher resistance rates to antipseudomonal cephalosporins, monobactam, and fluoroquinolones. And ST463 CRPA was confirmed hypervirulence in the larvae model. The genome of one ST463 CRPA strain showed that the blaKPC-2 gene was the sole resistance gene located on a 41,104bp plasmid pZYPA01, carried on a 7-kb composite transposon-like element flanked by two IS26 elements (IS26–Tn3-tnpA–ISKpn27–blaKPC-2–ISKpn6–IS26). Plasmid from various species presented core blaKPC-2 was franked by mobile genetic element ISKpn27 and ISKpn6.ConclusionsIn the ST463 CRPA BSI cohort, the mortality rates were higher than those in the non-ST463 CRPA BSI. The ST463 CRPA clone coharboring the blaKPC and exoU/exoS genes emerged and spread in East China, which might develop to a new threat in the clinic. Our results suggest that the surveillance of the new high-risk clone, ST463 CRPA, should be strengthened in China, even worldwide in the future.
A Strong Decline in the Incidence of Childhood Otitis Media During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Netherlands
Authors: Hullegie Saskia , Schilder Anne G. M. , Marchisio Paola , de Sévaux Joline L. H. , van der Velden Alike W. , van de Pol Alma C. , Boeijen Josi A. , Platteel Tamara N. , Torretta Sara , Damoiseaux Roger A. M. J. , Venekamp Roderick P. 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionRecent reports have highlighted the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of infectious disease illnesses and antibiotic use. This study investigates the effect of the pandemic on childhood incidence of otitis media (OM) and associated antibiotic prescribing in a large primary care-based cohort in the Netherlands.Material and MethodsRetrospective observational cohort study using routine health care data from the Julius General Practitioners’ Network (JGPN). All children aged 0-12 registered in 62 practices before the COVID-19 pandemic (1 March 2019 - 29 February 2020) and/or during the pandemic (1 March 2020 - 28 February 2021) were included. Data on acute otitis media (AOM), otitis media with effusion (OME), ear discharge episodes and associated antibiotic prescriptions were extracted. Incidence rates per 1,000 child years (IR), incidence rate ratios (IRR) and incidence rate differences (IRD) were compared between the two study periods.ResultsOM episodes declined considerably during the COVID-19 pandemic: IR pre-COVID-19 vs COVID-19 for AOM 73.7 vs 27.1 [IRR 0.37]; for OME 9.6 vs 4.1 [IRR 0.43]; and for ear discharge 12.6 vs 5.8 [IRR 0.46]. The absolute number of AOM episodes in which oral antibiotics were prescribed declined accordingly (IRD pre-COVID-19 vs COVID-19: -22.4 per 1,000 child years), but the proportion of AOM episodes with antibiotic prescription was similar in both periods (47% vs 46%, respectively).DiscussionGP consultation for AOM, OME and ear discharge declined by 63%, 57% and 54% respectively in the Netherlands during the COVID-19 pandemic. Similar antibiotic prescription rates before and during the pandemic indicate that the case-mix presenting to primary care did not considerably change. Our data therefore suggest a true decline as a consequence of infection control measures introduced during the pandemic.
Microstratigraphic Analysis of Fossil Distribution in the Lower Hornerstown and Upper Navesink Formations at the Edelman Fossil Park, NJ
Authors: Voegele Kristyn K. , Ullmann Paul V. , Lonsdorf Tara , Christman Zachary , Heierbacher Michael , Kibelstis Brian J. , Putnam Ian , Boles Zachary M. , Walsh Shane , Lacovara Kenneth J. 
Published: November 2021

Maastrichtian–Danian sediments of the Navesink and Hornerstown formations at the Jean and Ric Edelman Fossil Park of Rowan University in Mantua Township, New Jersey, have long intrigued paleontologists. Within the basal Hornerstown Formation occurs the Main Fossiliferous Layer (MFL), a regionally well-known and diverse bonebed. The lithostratigraphic and chronostratigraphic position of this fossil layer have been debated for more than 50 years, fueling debate over its origin. Herein, we present the results of a microstratigraphic analysis of the fossil composition and distribution of the MFL undertaken to rectify these discrepancies. Through methodical top-down excavation, we recorded the three-dimensional position of every fossil encountered. Three-dimensional visualization and analyses of these data in ArcGIS Pro yielded an unprecedented view of this bonebed. Most reported discrepancies about the stratigraphic placement and thickness of the MFL can be explained by the presence of two distinct fossil assemblages within this interval that are occasionally combined into a single bonebed. The stratigraphically-lower assemblage, herein termed an “oyster layer”, is geometrically-tabular and exhibits low taxonomic diversity, high abundance of the oyster Pycnodonte, and moderate taxonomic richness. The stratigraphically-higher assemblage, the MFL, occurs approximately 9 cm higher in section and exhibits high values of taxonomic diversity, fossil abundance, and taxonomic richness. Sedimentological homogeneity throughout this interval suggests that these faunal contrasts arise from the two assemblages having formed via independent taphonomic pathways. Specifically, prevalence of Pycnodonte in the oyster layer implies formation by a selective mortality event, whereas the diversity of the MFL appears to reflect a more universal agent of mortality. Spatial variations in the stratigraphic distribution of fossils within the MFL in our excavation area indicate this assemblage does not form a simple, tabular layer as previously thought and may, in part, record original bathymetry. Importantly, our definition of the MFL and detailed characterization of its stratigraphic placement are essential for future studies on the taphonomic origin and chronostratigraphy of this bonebed. Universal use of this definition would allow researchers to confidently elucidate the exact lithostratigraphic positions of precise chronostratigraphic indicators within the MFL and accurately estimate the degree of time averaging of its fossils.
Salient Experiences in Student Development: Impact of an Undergraduate STEM Teacher Preparation Program
Authors: Sommers Amie S. , Johnson Kelly Gomez , Jakopovic Paula , Rivera Julio , Grandgenett Neal , Conrad John A. , Tapprich William E. , Cutucache Christine E. 
Published: November 2021

The need for a comprehensive, high-quality pipeline for the development of undergraduate pre-service teachers, especially those that represent a diverse student body, within STEM disciplines is acute. Here, we studied the NoyceSCIENCE program to determine the most impactful experiences offered to undergraduates through the lens of student development theory. We used qualitative coding to analyze data collected from journals (n = 29) written by students of varying backgrounds, and at varying levels within the program (i.e., the Scholar and Intern level) over a 3-year program running period. We observed that faculty mentorship, the ability of undergraduates to mentor others, volunteer experiences, and learning directly from experts had the greatest influence on student development overall. For Scholars that participate for more than 1 year in the program, access to undergraduate mentoring and volunteering experiences contributed most to student development. We posit that these findings are broadly applicable to other science learning communities and STEM content-focused teacher preparation programs as they are program components that can be integrated in isolation or in their entirety.
Case Report: Interferon- γ Rescues Monocytic Human Leukocyte Antigen Receptor (mHLA-DR) Function in a COVID-19 Patient With ARDS and Superinfection With Multiple MDR 4MRGN Bacterial Strains
Authors: Grimm Clemens , Dickel Steffen , Grundmann Julian , Payen Didier , Schanz Julie , Zautner Andreas Erich , Tampe Björn , Moerer Onnen , Winkler Martin Sebastian 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundCD14+ monocytes present antigens to adaptive immune cells via monocytic human leukocyte antigen receptor (mHLA-DR), which is described as an immunological synapse. Reduced levels of mHLA-DR can display an acquired immune defect, which is often found in sepsis and predisposes for secondary infections and fatal outcomes. Monocytic HLA-DR expression is reliably induced by interferon- γ (IFNγ) therapy.Case ReportWe report a case of multidrug-resistant superinfected COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. The resistance profiles of the detected Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and Citrobacter freundii isolates were equipped with resistance to all four antibiotic classes including carbapenems (4MRGN) and Cefiderocol in the case of K. pneumoniae. A causal therapeutic antibiotic strategy was not available. Therefore, we measured the immune status of the patient aiming to identify a potential acquired immune deficiency. Monocyte HLA-DR expression identified by FACS analysis revealed an expression level of 34% positive monocytes and suggested severe immunosuppression. We indicated IFNγ therapy, which resulted in a rapid increase in mHLA-DR expression (96%), rapid resolution of invasive bloodstream infection, and discharge from the hospital on day 70.DiscussionSuperinfection is a dangerous complication of COVID-19 pneumonia, and sepsis-induced immunosuppression is a risk factor for it. Immunosuppression is expressed by a disturbed antigen presentation of monocytes to cells of the adaptive immune system. The case presented here is remarkable as no validated antibiotic regimen existed against the detected bacterial pathogens causing bloodstream infection and severe pneumonia in a patient suffering from COVID-19 ARDS. Possible restoration of the patient’s own immunity by IFNγ was a plausible option to boost the patient’s immune system, eliminate the identified 4MRGNs, and allow for lung recovery. This led to the conclusion that immune status monitoring is useful in complicated COVID-19-ARDS and that concomitant IFNγ therapy may support antibiotic strategies.ConclusionAfter a compromised immune system has been detected by suppressed mHLA-DR levels, the immune system can be safely reactivated by IFNγ.
Complement Component C1q as an Emerging Biomarker for the Diagnosis of Tuberculous Pleural Effusion
Authors: Qiao Xin , Shao Ming-Ming , Yi Feng-Shuang , Shi Huan-Zhong 
Published: November 2021

Background and Objective:The accurate differential diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) from other exudative pleural effusions is often challenging. We aimed to validate the accuracy of complement component C1q in pleural fluid (PF) in diagnosing TPE.Methods:The level of C1q protein in the PF from 49 patients with TPE and 61 patients with non-tuberculous pleural effusion (non-TPE) was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the diagnostic performance was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves based on the age and gender of the patients.Results:The statistics showed that C1q could accurately diagnose TPE. Regardless of age and gender, with a cutoff of 6,883.9 ng/mL, the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of C1q for discriminating TPE were 0.898 (95% confidence interval: 0.825–0.947), 91.8 (80.4–97.7), 80.3 (68.2–89.4), 78.9 (69.2–86.2), and 92.5 (82.6–96.9), respectively. In subgroup analysis, the greatest diagnostic accuracy was achieved in the younger group (≤ 50 years of age) with an AUC of 0.981 (95% confidence interval: 0.899–0.999) at the cutoff of 6,098.0 ng/mL. The sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, PPV, and NPV of C1q were 95.0 (83.1–99.4), 92.3 (64.0–99.8), 97.4 (85.2–99.6), and 85.7 (60.6–95.9), respectively.Conclusion:Complement component C1q protein was validated by this study to be a promising biomarker for diagnosing TPE with high diagnostic accuracy, especially among younger patients.
Modified Rhodopsins From Aureobasidium pullulans Excel With Very High Proton-Transport Rates
Authors: Panzer Sabine , Zhang Chong , Konte Tilen , Bräuer Celine , Diemar Anne , Yogendran Parathy , Yu-Strzelczyk Jing , Nagel Georg , Gao Shiqiang , Terpitz Ulrich 
Published: November 2021

Aureobasidium pullulans is a black fungus that can adapt to various stressful conditions like hypersaline, acidic, and alkaline environments. The genome of A. pullulans exhibits three genes coding for putative opsins ApOps1, ApOps2, and ApOps3. We heterologously expressed these genes in mammalian cells and Xenopus oocytes. Localization in the plasma membrane was greatly improved by introducing additional membrane trafficking signals at the N-terminus and the C-terminus. In patch-clamp and two-electrode-voltage clamp experiments, all three proteins showed proton pump activity with maximal activity in green light. Among them, ApOps2 exhibited the most pronounced proton pump activity with current amplitudes occasionally extending 10 pA/pF at 0 mV. Proton pump activity was further supported in the presence of extracellular weak organic acids. Furthermore, we used site-directed mutagenesis to reshape protein functions and thereby implemented light-gated proton channels. We discuss the difference to other well-known proton pumps and the potential of these rhodopsins for optogenetic applications.