bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A qualitative study of the views of healthcare professionals on providing vaccines information to patients
Authors: Loftus Ruth , Sahm Laura J. , Fleming Aoife 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground Healthcare professionals (HCPs) such as pharmacists, general practitioners and practice nurses are a trusted source of vaccines information for patients in primary care. Global regulators have highlighted the key role of HCPs in fostering confidence in COVID-19 vaccines. Objective This study aims to gain insight into the views and experiences of HCPs on providing vaccines information to patients. Setting Primary care general practice surgeries and community pharmacies in Ireland. Methods Qualitative, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 HCPs (five General practitioners [GPs], four practice nurses and five community pharmacists) identified through purposive and convenience sampling. The interviews were analysed by inductive thematic analysis. Main outcome measure Participants’ views and experiences of providing vaccines information to patients. Results Five key themes were identified: roles and responsibilities, perception of risk, perception of the public, building a relationship, and emotion. HCPs were motivated by duty and care for their patients. They respected patient autonomy and were driven by their concern for public health. HCPs were influenced by their perception of risk and their perceptions of the public. HCPs practiced patient-centred care by providing tailored vaccines information. They favoured an approach of providing patients with information and support to make their own decision. The topic was emotive; HCPs empathised with patients but were also frustrated by their perceived inability to change some patients’ views. Conclusion The provision of vaccines information by HCPs to patients is multifactorial with participants mindful of patient autonomy and the HCP role to support vaccinations as a public health priority. Participants suggested that education and support on vaccines communication would enable them to support the vaccines uptake in their practice.
Curriculum and the Covid-19 crisis
Authors: Pinar William F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe article argues that the Covid-19 crisis is a curriculum crisis, because it is a humanitarian crisis. Survival—physical, psychological, educational—is at stake. As educators have mobilized to meet the emergency, this introductory article to Prospects special issue on Curriculum Responsiveness to Crisis glimpses elements of that effort, both theoretical and practical. It concludes that the student—the individual person—should remain central to any conception of curriculum, to any organization of pedagogical communication, indeed to the very project of education itself.
BMI and dissatisfaction with life: contextual factors and socioemotional costs of obesity
Authors: Jarosz Ewa , Gugushvili Alexi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
In this study, we investigate whether individuals’ BMI categories are associated with being dissatisfied with one’s life, how this association is affected by the social comparison that individuals make, and what the role of the overall BMI levels in this process is.

Methods
We use data for 21,577 men and 27,415 women, collected in 2016 by the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, from 34 countries in Europe, the Middle East, and Central Asia. To understand the moderating effect of contextual environment, we use multilevel mixed effect logistic regression models and data for national, regional, and cohort-specific BMI levels.

Result
We find that the association of BMI and dissatisfaction with life differs by gender, with overweight men being less likely to be dissatisfied with life than men with normal weight and obese women being more likely to be dissatisfied with life compared to women with normal weight. For contextual effects, we find that obese women in regions with low BMI levels are more likely to be dissatisfied with life. The effect of obesity on female life dissatisfaction is not observed in regions with high BMI levels. As for men, regional BMI levels affect the levels of life dissatisfaction but only for underweight men.

Conclusions
Our study adds additional nuance to the quality-of-life research by showing that the association between BMI and decreased life satisfaction is, at least partially, moderated by the contextual environment, and that the character of these effects differs by gender.
Metal–Organic Framework-Based Solid Acid Materials for Biomass Upgrade
Authors: Qin Yutian , Guo Jun , Zhao Meiting 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBiomass is a green and producible source of energy and chemicals. Hence, developing high-efficiency catalysts for biomass utilization and transformation is urgently demanded. Metal–organic framework (MOF)-based solid acid materials have been considered as promising catalysts in biomass transformation. In this review, we first introduce the genre of Lewis acid and Brønsted acid sites commonly generated in MOFs or MOF-based composites. Then, the methods for the generation and adjustment of corresponding acid sites are overviewed. Next, the catalytic applications of MOF-based solid acid materials in various biomass transformation reactions are summarized and discussed. Furthermore, based on our personal insights, the challenges and outlook on the future development of MOF-based solid acid catalysts are provided. We hope that this review will provide an instructive roadmap for future research on MOFs and MOF-based composites for biomass transformation.
Prevalence of GII.4 Sydney Norovirus Strains and Associated Factors of Acute Gastroenteritis in Children: 2019/2020 Season in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Duan Lei , Yang Xiaohan , Xie Jia , Zhan Wenli , Zhang Changbin , Liu Hong , Wei Mengru , Tang Yuan , Zhao Hongyu , Luo Mingyong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNorovirus, the leading cause of non-bacterial acute gastroenteritis (AGE) worldwide, is constantly mutating. Continuous monitoring of the evolution of epidemic genotypes and emergence of novel genotypes is, therefore, necessary. This study determined the prevalence and clinical characteristics of norovirus strains in AGE in Guangzhou, China in 2019/2020 season. This study included children aged 2–60 months diagnosed with AGE in Guangzhou Women and Children Hospital, from August 2019 to January 2020. Norovirus was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction and clinical data were obtained. Genotyping and phylogenetic analyses were performed with partial gene sequence fragments located within the open reading frames 1 and 2. During the study period, 168 children (61.3% males) were confirmed as norovirus infectious AGE. The main symptoms were diarrhoea and vomiting and 38 patients (22.6%) had seizures. Norovirus was mainly prevalent in October and November, and GII.4 Sydney[P31] was the major genotype circulating in Guangzhou. The phylogenetic tree showed that the Guangzhou strains had high homology with the strains circulating in 2017–2019 worldwide. GII.4 Sydney was the main prevalent norovirus genotype in Guangzhou from August 2019 to January 2020, which had more severe diarrhoea than those of other genotypes. These findings provide a valuable reference for the prevention, control, and treatment of norovirus in the future.
The retreat of the delta: a geomorphological history of the Po river basin during the twentieth century
Authors: Parrinello Giacomo , Bizzi Simone , Surian Nicola 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe morphology of rivers and deltas, like many features of the Earth’s physical geography, is today subject to dramatic and rapid changes due to human actions. Deprived of sediment from their basins and besieged by rising sea levels, many deltas are at risk of complete disappearance. Despite a rich historical scholarship on rivers, we know little about the history of these important geomorphological processes. This paper sheds light on the geomorphological history of rivers by investigating the case of the Po River basin and its delta during the twentieth century. By combining the insights of fluvial geomorphology and a historical methodology, the paper analyses three main drivers of geomorphic alterations in the catchment that had an impact on the delta: hydroelectricity, sand and gravel mining, and methane extraction. In each case, it focuses on how experts, policy-makers, and overseers understood and regulated (or not) these geomorphic alterations. During much of the twentieth century, engineers and hydrologists monitored geomorphic processes with increasing detail, while state and business actors practiced multiple forms of sediment management. For most of the twentieth century, however, experts did not acknowledge the scale and nature of human-induced geomorphic alteration. Sediment management, moreover, did not take into account sediment scarcity until late in the century, and remained exclusively motivated by local concerns. Through this particular case, this paper offers insights on the historical limits to environmental expertise and policy when facing long term and large-scale geomorphic processes, and encourages a more sustained incorporation of fluvial geomorphology into the history of water systems.
Can group rights justify the denial of education to children? The Amish in the United States as a case study
Authors: Cohen-Almagor Raphael 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMulticulturalism gives preference to group rights over individual rights. This may challenge democratic values. This paper focuses on the Amish denial of education from their adolescents. CriticizingWisconsin v. Yoder(Wisconsin v. Yoder406 U.S. 205 (1972)), the paper analyses the power of the Amish community over its members. The main questions are: Is it reasonable to deny the Amish adolescents’ standard American education? What are the limits of state interference in norms of illiberal communities who invoke separatism as a mechanism of cultural and religious preservation?
Effect of Mediterranean diet on liver enzymes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Sangouni Abbas Ali , Hassani Zadeh Shirin , Mozaffari-Khosravi Hassan , Hosseinzadeh Mahdieh 
Published: June 2021

AbstractElevated levels of liver enzymes are the main markers of liver dysfunction. Liver enzymes are the important indicators of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the general population. Previous randomised clinical trials (RCT) investigated the effects of Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) as a plant-based diet on features of NAFLD like liver enzymes, but their results are contradictory. This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyse RCT investigating the effect of MedDiet on liver enzymes. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched until December 2020. A total of ten RCT (n705 participants) evaluating the effect of MedDiet on liver enzymes including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) andγ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) were included. A random effects model was used to estimate the pooled effect size. To evaluate the heterogeneity among the included studies, the Cochran’sQ-test and I-squared test were used. The MedDiet significantly reduced AST (weighted mean difference (WMD) = −0·38 IU/l; 95 % CI − 0·73, −0·03 IU/l;P= 0·03) and GGT (WMD = −0·16 IU/l; 95 % CI − 0·32, −0·006 IU/l;P= 0·04) but had no significant effect on ALT (WMD = −0·55 IU/l; 95 % CI − 1·25, 0·13 IU/l;P= 0·11). However, sensitivity analysis revealed that the overall effects of MedDiet on AST, GGT and ALT were significantly influenced by removing some studies. There was no publication bias based on Begg’s and Egger’s tests. Generally, MedDiet can improve liver enzymes. To better conclusion, further RCT investigating the effect of MedDiet on liver enzymes, especially in patients with NAFLD, are still required.
Loss of the central rachis and synaptonemal complexes during meiotic prophase in female Ascaris lumbricoides var. suum after exposure to albendazole
Authors: Goldstein P. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Albendazole, a benzimidazole anthelmintic, interferes with the formation of microtubules and inhibits meiosis in the nematode Ascaris lumbricoides var. suum. Pigs treated with albendazole had worms in their uteri that had a severely deteriorated central rachis, complete loss of synaptonemal complexes and irregular oocytes at meiotic prophase I. The nuclear matrix and envelope were poorly formed and there was formation of accessory nuclei. This study represents the first examination of the changes in meiotic nuclear architecture and meiotic chromosomes after exposure to albendazole. These results provide the basis for the loss of fecundity in A. suum after exposure to albendazole resulting in control in the population of the parasitic nematode.
Species distribution modelling of the Southern Ocean benthos: a review on methods, cautions and solutions
Authors: Guillaumot Charlène , Danis Bruno , Saucède Thomas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSpecies distribution modelling studies the relationship between species occurrence records and their environmental setting, providing a valuable approach to predicting species distribution in the Southern Ocean (SO), a challenging region to investigate due to its remoteness and extreme weather and sea conditions. The specificity of SO studies, including restricted field access and sampling, the paucity of observations and difficulties in conducting biological experiments, limit the performance of species distribution models. In this review, we discuss some issues that may influence model performance when preparing datasets and calibrating models, namely the selection and quality of environmental descriptors, the spatial and temporal biases that may affect the quality of occurrence data, the choice of modelling algorithms and the spatial scale and limits of the projection area. We stress the importance of evaluating and communicating model uncertainties, and the most common evaluation metrics are reviewed and discussed accordingly. Based on a selection of case studies on SO benthic invertebrates, we highlight important cautions to take and pitfalls to avoid when modelling the distribution of SO species, and we provide some guidelines along with potential methods and original solutions that can be used for improving model performance.
Household and child food insecurity and CVD risk factors in lower-income adolescents aged 12–17 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2016
Authors: Fulay Aarohee P , Vercammen Kelsey A , Moran Alyssa J , Rimm Eric B , Leung Cindy W 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjective:Household food insecurity is associated with CVD risk factors in low-income adults, but research on these associations among adolescents is inconsistent. This study investigates whether household and child food insecurity is associated with CVD risk factors in lower-income adolescents.Design:Cross-sectional. Multivariable linear regression assessed the association between household and child food security and CVD risk factors. Household and child food security was measured using the US Food Security Survey Module. The analyses were adjusted for adolescent’s age, sex, race/ethnicity, smoking status, physical activity and sedentary time, as well as household income and the head-of-household’s education and marital status.Setting:The USA.Participants:The sample was comprised of 2876 adolescents, aged 12–17 years, with household incomes at or below 300 % federal poverty line from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycles 2007–2016.Results:The weighted prevalence of household food insecurity in the analytic sample was 33·4 %, and the weighted prevalence of child food insecurity was 17·4 %. After multivariable adjustment, there were no significant associations between household and child food insecurity and BMI-for-age Z-score, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, HDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, fasting TAG, fasting LDL-cholesterol and fasting plasma glucose.Conclusions:Despite observed associations in adults, household food insecurity was not associated with CVD risk factors in a national sample of lower-income adolescents. Child food insecurity was also not associated with CVD risk factors. More research should be conducted to confirm these associations.
The Social Foundations of Positivism: The Case of Late-Nineteenth-Century Italy
Authors: Riley Dylan , Emigh Rebecca Jean , Ahmed Patricia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhat social conditions produce positivism? One position, common to both positivists and some of their major critics, suggests that positivism is an “ideology” or “worldview” of industrial capitalism. Positivism therefore resonates with the basic experience of capitalism for all social groups. Intellectuals draw on this experience in formulating positivist social science. A second position suggests that positivism is a strategy of distinction by which intellectuals attempt to accumulate symbolic capital against their rivals. This position suggests that positivism is a resource for establishing a social science that imitates the methodology of natural science. Our article argues for a third view focused on the internal structure of the intelligentsia as a social group. Positivism could emerge in both industrial capitalist and preindustrial contexts; however, the types of positivism differ in these two cases because the structure of the intelligentsia differs. In preindustrial contexts, such as nineteenth-century Italy, which is the focus of our analysis, positivists claim an ontological continuity between natural and social sciences. In industrial contexts, on the basis of which most theories of positivism rest, positivists claim a methodological similarity between natural and social sciences. We conclude our analysis by reflecting on the implications of our study for work on positivism and social ontology in the social sciences.
METTL3 promotes tumour development by decreasing APC expression mediated by APC mRNA N6-methyladenosine-dependent YTHDF binding
Authors: Wang Wei , Shao Fei , Yang Xueying , Wang Juhong , Zhu Rongxuan , Yang Yannan , Zhao Gaoxiang , Guo Dong , Sun Yingli , Wang Jie , Xue Qi , Gao Shugeng , Gao Yibo , He Jie , Lu Zhimin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) is a frequently mutated tumour suppressor gene in cancers. However, whether APC is regulated at the epitranscriptomic level remains elusive. In this study, we analysed TCGA data and separated 200 paired oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) specimens and their adjacent normal tissues and demonstrated that methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) is highly expressed in tumour tissues. m6A-RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing revealed that METTL3 upregulates the m6A modification of APC, which recruits YTHDF for APC mRNA degradation. Reduced APC expression increases the expression of β-catenin and β-catenin-mediated cyclin D1, c-Myc, and PKM2 expression, thereby leading to enhanced aerobic glycolysis, ESCC cell proliferation, and tumour formation in mice. In addition, downregulated APC expression correlates with upregulated METTL3 expression in human ESCC specimens and poor prognosis in ESCC patients. Our findings reveal a mechanism by which the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is upregulated in ESCC via METTL3/YTHDF-coupled epitranscriptomal downregulation of APC.
A gain-of-function single nucleotide variant creates a new promoter which acts as an orientation-dependent enhancer-blocker
Authors: Bozhilov Yavor K. , Downes Damien J. , Telenius Jelena , Marieke Oudelaar A. , Olivier Emmanuel N. , Mountford Joanne C. , Hughes Jim R. , Gibbons Richard J. , Higgs Douglas R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMany single nucleotide variants (SNVs) associated with human traits and genetic diseases are thought to alter the activity of existing regulatory elements. Some SNVs may also create entirely new regulatory elements which change gene expression, but the mechanism by which they do so is largely unknown. Here we show that a single base change in an otherwise unremarkable region of the human α-globin cluster creates an entirely new promoter and an associated unidirectional transcript. This SNV downregulates α-globin expression causing α-thalassaemia. Of note, the new promoter lying between the α-globin genes and their associated super-enhancer disrupts their interaction in an orientation-dependent manner. Together these observations show how both the order and orientation of the fundamental elements of the genome determine patterns of gene expression and support the concept that active genes may act to disrupt enhancer-promoter interactions in mammals as in Drosophila. Finally, these findings should prompt others to fully evaluate SNVs lying outside of known regulatory elements as causing changes in gene expression by creating new regulatory elements.
SARS-CoV-2-mediated dysregulation of metabolism and autophagy uncovers host-targeting antivirals
Authors: Gassen Nils C. , Papies Jan , Bajaj Thomas , Emanuel Jackson , Dethloff Frederik , Chua Robert Lorenz , Trimpert Jakob , Heinemann Nicolas , Niemeyer Christine , Weege Friderike , Hönzke Katja , Aschman Tom , Heinz Daniel E. , Weckmann Katja , Ebert Tim , Zellner Andreas , Lennarz Martina , Wyler Emanuel , Schroeder Simon , Richter Anja , Niemeyer Daniela , Hoffmann Karen , Meyer Thomas F. , Heppner Frank L. , Corman Victor M. , Landthaler Markus , Hocke Andreas C. , Morkel Markus , Osterrieder Nikolaus , Conrad Christian , Eils Roland , Radbruch Helena , Giavalisco Patrick , Drosten Christian , Müller Marcel A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractViruses manipulate cellular metabolism and macromolecule recycling processes like autophagy. Dysregulated metabolism might lead to excessive inflammatory and autoimmune responses as observed in severe and long COVID-19 patients. Here we show that SARS-CoV-2 modulates cellular metabolism and reduces autophagy. Accordingly, compound-driven induction of autophagy limits SARS-CoV-2 propagation. In detail, SARS-CoV-2-infected cells show accumulation of key metabolites, activation of autophagy inhibitors (AKT1, SKP2) and reduction of proteins responsible for autophagy initiation (AMPK, TSC2, ULK1), membrane nucleation, and phagophore formation (BECN1, VPS34, ATG14), as well as autophagosome-lysosome fusion (BECN1, ATG14 oligomers). Consequently, phagophore-incorporated autophagy markers LC3B-II and P62 accumulate, which we confirm in a hamster model and lung samples of COVID-19 patients. Single-nucleus and single-cell sequencing of patient-derived lung and mucosal samples show differential transcriptional regulation of autophagy and immune genes depending on cell type, disease duration, and SARS-CoV-2 replication levels. Targeting of autophagic pathways by exogenous administration of the polyamines spermidine and spermine, the selective AKT1 inhibitor MK-2206, and the BECN1-stabilizing anthelmintic drug niclosamide inhibit SARS-CoV-2 propagation in vitro with IC50 values of 136.7, 7.67, 0.11, and 0.13 μM, respectively. Autophagy-inducing compounds reduce SARS-CoV-2 propagation in primary human lung cells and intestinal organoids emphasizing their potential as treatment options against COVID-19.