bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE DIFFERENT TIMING OF ORAL CLONIDINE PREMEDICATION EFFECT ON SEDATION SCORE IN SPINE SURGERY
Authors: Kumar Satish , Kumar Sanjay 
Published: September 2021

Background: Premedication is the administration of medication before anaesthesia. It is used to prepare the patient for anaesthesia and to provideoptimal conditions for surgery.
Methods: The study of oral premedication dose of clonidine in spinal surgery at different time was conducted on sixty ASA grade-1 patients of eithersex between 20 to 60 years of age undergoing elective spine surgery. This study was performed after approval from ethics committee of the institute.Informed consent was obtained from each patient.
Results: Sedation score was recorded preoperatively in both the groups when the patient were shifted to the operation theater according to score givenby American Society of Anaesthesia. In group-1, 25 patients (83.3%) had sedation score of 0 and 5 patients (16.7%) had score of 1. Similarly in group-2, 29 patients (96.7) had a sedation score 0 and only 1 patient (3.3%) had sedation score1.
Conclusion: In conclusion this study establishes that the premedication with tab. clonidine 200µg (As tab. clonidine is available in 100µg) 90 minutebefore the surgery or 3.5 hour before the surgery produced adequate sedation
Keywords: Clonidine, Sedation, Spine
ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЯКОСТІ ДИСТАНЦІЙНОЇ ОСВІТИ ТА ОНЛАЙН КОНТРОЛЮ САМОСТІЙНОЇ РОБОТИ СТУДЕНТІВ
Authors: Романовський Олександр Олексійович , Романовська Юлія Юріївна , Чаплинська Наталя Михайлівна , Данилов Сергій Анатолійович 
Published: September 2021

В умовах пандемії COVID-19 значну роль у підтримці навчального процесу відіграє вимушене або екстрене дистанційне навчання. Суттєве збільшення відсотку віртуального навчання викликало необхідність удосконалення як форм і методів онлайн спілкування викладачів і студентів, так і підвищення контролю за самостійною роботою студентів під час перевірки рівня засвоєних ними знань (тестування, складання іспитів тощо) за місцем їх фізичного знаходження та без присутності представників ЗВО.
В статті розглянуто корисний досвід Українсько-американського університету Конкордія з впровадження різних форм партнерського дистанційного навчання:
а) повного (100%) онлайн навчання – з онлайн тестуванням, екзаменуванням, присвоєнням ступенів бакалаврів і магістрів та онлайн видачою дипломів;
б) часткового онлайн навчання – з особистим фізичним знайомством викладачів і майбутніх студентів під час проведення вступних екзаменів (тестів); фізичним контролем викладачів (або довірених осіб) за процесом набуття студентами освіти та за процесом контрольного тестування; особистою фізичною присутністю викладачів під час проведення випускних екзаменів і/або захисту кваліфікаційних робіт бакалаврів і магістрів;
в) групового чи індивідуального онлайн навчання як у кампусах зарубіжних ЗВО за кордоном, так і за місцем фізичного знаходження студентів (у домашніх умовах).
Також автори аналізують результати реалізації міжнародного пілотного проекту з дистанційного навчання та етапів подальшого розвитку різних форм і технік онлайн навчання у закладі. Представлено розробку та висновки щодо експериментальної перевірки ефективності моделі застосування новітніх інформаційних технологій, що дозволяють викладачам в онлайн режимі контролювати процес тестування та складання іспитів студентів за місцем їхнього знаходження, а також наглядати за процесом самостійного виконання робіт великої кількості студентів (слухачів) із використанням функції прокторінгу. Експеримент виконано на основі впровадження технічного підходу «два гаджети», інноваційної технології відстеження електронного навчання з використанням програмного комплексу ЕуеPass. Було експериментально підтверджено можливість забезпечення процедури онлайн тестування осіб за допомогою електронних інструментів, що дозволяють моніторити віддалений процес оцінки з використанням телематичних ресурсів.
The occurrence of Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) in an industrial plantation forest area, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Patana Pindi , Saputri Meta Winda , Marpatasino King 
Published: September 2021

Sumatran tiger lives in the remaining forests on the Sumatra island, both in conservation and production areas. There are not many tiger monitoring activities conducted in production forest. Using camera traps this occupancy survey of Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) carried out in a plantation forest area of PT. Toba Pulp Lestari (PT. TPL) to obtain information and monitor tiger presence in the area. However, there were no Sumatran tigers captured by the camera traps during the occupancy activities. The existence of Sumatran tiger was proven by the finding of footprints and scrapes. Other species were photographed by the camera traps, such as marbled cat ((Pardofelis marmorata), pig-tailed monkey (Macaca nemestrina), treeshrew (Tupaia sp.), Asian palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus), lizards (Eutropis sp.), Hoogerwerf’s pheasant (Lophura hoogerwerfi), wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus) as well as birds. It is assumed that the Sumatran tiger didn’t cross the location of research during the camera installation period. However, there are several other reasons why Sumatran tigers weren’t captured by camera traps, such as the camera traps observation time was too short and didn’t cover a larger area, so it lessens the opportunity of encounter with Sumatran tiger.Harimau Sumatera hidup di hutan yang masih tersisa di pulau Sumatera, baik di kawasan hutan konservasi maupun hutan produksi. Kegiatan pemantauan harimau di hutan produksi belum banyak dilakukan. Dengan menggunakan camera trap, survei okupansi harimau sumatera (Panthera tigris sumatrae) ini dilakukan di areal konsesi hutan tanaman industri PT. Toba Pulp Lestari (PT. TPL) untuk mendapatkan informasi dan memantau keberadaan harimau di kawasan tersebut. Namun, tidak ada harimau sumatera yang terfoto oleh kamera trap selama kegiatan survei okupansi. Keberadaan harimau sumatera dibuktikan dengan ditemukannya jejak tapak dan cakaran. Selain itu, terdapat ppesies lain yang terfoto oleh kamera trap, seperti kucing batu ((Pardofelis marmorata), beruk (Macaca nemestrina), tupai tanah (Tupaia sp.), musang pandan (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus), kadal (Eutropis sp.), sempidan aceh (Lophura hoogerwerfi), tikus hutan (Apodemus sylvaticus) serta burung. Diasumsikan bahwa harimau sumatera tidak melintasi lokasi penelitian selama masa pemasangan kamera. Namun, terdapat beberapa alasan lain mengapa harimau sumatera tidak terfoto kamera trap, seperti waktu pengamatan kamera trap yang terlalu singkat dan tidak mencakup area yang lebih luas, sehingga memperkecil peluang perjumpaan dengan harimau sumatera.
Analysis of the determinants and typology of hydrometeorological disaster in Sukajaya Subdistrict, Bogor Regency, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Istiadi Yossa , Priatna Dolly 
Published: September 2021

The objective of this research is to determine the factors as a typology of hydrometeorological disasters. The research method employed is post-disaster survey activities through hypothetical descriptions from October to December 2020. The analysis technique uses factor analysis on five variables, namely runoff, infiltration, slope, land cover, and infrastructure. The data retrieval obtained nine areas of landslide disaster points along 20 kilometers from Kiarapandak Village to Cisangku Village, Sukajaya Subdistrict, Bogor Regency, one of which were the areas affected by landslides in January 2020. From the factorial analysis results, it was found that the five variables above were suitable as a factor for determining disaster based on correlation values (r), that includes Factor 1 which is the variable of land slope (0.855) and the infrastructure variable (0.872). Factor 2 is water infiltration (0.928), water runoff (0.269), and land cover (0.717). In conclusion, the typology of hydrometeorological disasters is distinguished based on two determinants, firstly the physical construction of land, slopes, as well as infrastructure of road and river. Secondly, factors of water flow, water infiltration, runoff, and land cover.Tujuan penelitian adalah membuat determinasi faktor-faktor sebagai tipologi kebencanaan hidrometeorologi. Metode penelitian melalui kegiatan survey pasca bencana melalui deskripsi hipotetik pada bulan Oktober-Desember 2020. Teknik analisis menggunakan analisis faktor pada 5 (lima) variabel yaitu limpasan, resapan, kemiringan, tutupan lahan, dan infrastruktur. Pengambilan data mendapatkan 9 (sembilan) daerah titik bencana longsor sepanjang 20 kilometer dari Desa Kiarapandak sampai Desa Cisangku, Kecamatan Sukajaya Kabupaten Bogor, yang merupakan wilayah terkena bencana longsor pada bulan Januari 2020. Dari hasil analisis faktorial diperoleh bahwa 5 (lima) variabel di atas layak dijadikan faktor determinasi kebencanaan berdasarkan nilai korelasi (r), meliputi Faktor 1 adalah variabel kemiringan lahan (0,855) dan variabel infratruktur (0,872). Faktor 2 adalah resapan air (0,928), limpasan air (0,269), dan tutupan lahan (0,717). Kesimpulan, tipologi bencana hidrometeorologi dibedakan berdasarkan dua faktor determinasi yaitu pertama faktor konstruksi fisik lahan, kemiringan dan infratruktur jalan dan sungai, dan faktor aliran air, resapan air, limpasan, dan tutupan lahan.
Torrefaction and Pelleting of Wheat and Barley Straw for Biofuel and Energy Applications
Authors: Agu Obiora S. , Tabil Lope G. , Mupondwa Edmund , Emadi Bagher 
Published: September 2021

Microwave (MW)-assisted torrefaction and pelleting could enhance biomass fuel properties and energy applications. Plastic wastes are considered as a replacement source binder in pellets to minimize their effect on the environment as pollutants. High-density polyethylene (HDPE), an extractable plastic from recycling waste, was investigated as a binder for torrefied wheat and barley straw pellets. Fuel pellet characteristics, such as durability, density, tensile strength, and water absorption, were used to evaluate the pellets produced from a single pelleting test. The results showed that the addition of HDPE as a binder significantly increased the pellet quality in terms of density (686.12–982.93 kg/m3), tensile strength (3.68 and 4.53 MPa) for wheat and barley straw, and reduced ash content of the pellet from 10.34 to 4.59% for barley straw pellet and 10.66 to 3.88% for wheat straw pellets. The higher heating value (HHV) increased with increasing biochar mix and HDPE binder blend. The highest HHV value observed for barley straw was 28.34 MJ/kg, while wheat straw was 29.78 MJ/kg. The study further indicated that MW torrefaction of biomass-biochar mix with HDPE binder reduced the moisture adsorption of wheat and barley straw pellets, which can significantly improve their storage capability in humid locations. The moisture uptake ratio for MW-torrefied barley straw pellets was 0.10–0.25 and wheat straw pellets 0.11–0.25 against a moisture uptake ratio of 1.0 for untreated biomass. MW torrefaction of wheat and barley straw with biochar and HDPE binder addition during pelleting is a promising technique to improve biomass fuel pellet properties.
Identification and Validation of Hypoxia-Related lncRNA Signature as a Prognostic Model for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Chenghui , Zhang Huajun , Lu Liqing 
Published: September 2021

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most general malignant tumors. Hypoxia is a critical clinical characteristic and acts as a significant part in the development and cancers’ prognosis. The prognostic value and biological functions of hypoxia-related lncRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma is little known. Thus, we aim to establish a hypoxia-related lncRNA signature to predict the HCC patients’ survival. First, we extracted the hypoxia-related genes and expression of lncRNAs from the MSigDB and TCGA database, respectively. The co-expression analysis among hypoxia-related mRNAs and lncRNAs was employed to identify hypoxia-related lncRNAs. Then, comprehensive analyses of lncRNAs expression level and survival data were applied to establish the signature. We built a prognostic signature on the foundation of the three differently expressed hypoxia-related lncRNAs. Kaplan-Meier curves indicated the low-risk group is associated with better survival. The 1−, 3−, and 5 years AUC values of the signature were 0.805, 0.672 and 0.63 respectively. The test set performed consistent outcomes. A nomogram was built grounded on the risk score and clinicopathological features. GSEA showed the immune-related pathways in high-risk group, while metabolism-related pathways in low-risk group. Besides, we found this model was correlated with the clinical features, tumor immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoints, and m6A-related genes. Finally, a novel signature based on hypoxia-related lncRNAs was established and validated for predicting HCC patients’ survival and may offer some useful information for immunotherapies.
Novel Gene Signatures Predicting Primary Non-response to Infliximab in Ulcerative Colitis: Development and Validation Combining Random Forest With Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Feng Jing , Chen Yueying , Feng Qi , Ran Zhihua , Shen Jun 
Published: September 2021

Background: While infliximab has revolutionized the treatment of ulcerative colitis, primary non-response is difficult to predict, which limits effective disease management. The study aimed to establish a novel genetic model to predict primary non-response to infliximab in patients with ulcerative colitis.Methods: Publicly available mucosal expression profiles of infliximab-treated ulcerative colitis patients (GSE16879, GSE12251) were utilized to identify potential predictive gene panels. The random forest algorithm and artificial neural network were applied to further screen for predictive signatures and establish a model to predict primary non-response to infliximab.Results: A total of 28 downregulated and 2 upregulated differentially expressed genes were identified as predictors. The novel model was successfully established on the basis of the molecular prognostic score system, with a significantly predictive value (AUC = 0.93), and was validated with an independent dataset GSE23597 (AUC = 0.81).Conclusion: Machine learning was used to construct a predictive model based on the molecular prognostic score system. The novel model can predict primary non-response to infliximab in patients with ulcerative colitis, which aids in clinical-decision making.
Increased Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease Associated With Weight Gain in Healthy Adults: Insight From Metabolic Profiles and Body Composition
Authors: Yun Hae-Ryong , Kim Hyung Woo , Chang Tae Ik , Kang Ea Wha , Joo Young Su , Nam Ki Heon , Kim Hyoungnae , Park Jung Tak , Yoo Tae-Hyun , Kang Shin-Wook , Han Seung Hyeok 
Published: September 2021

Objective: Obesity is an established risk factor for kidney damage. In this study, we explored the long-term association of changes in body mass index (BMI) over time with incident chronic kidney disease (CKD).Methods: For this analysis, 5,393 middle-aged adults without comorbidities in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) were included. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to determine the patterns of BMI change (decreasing, stable, and increasing BMI) between baseline and year 4. The primary outcome was the subsequent development of CKD from year 4. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was constructed to determine the risk of incident CKD according to BMI trajectories.Results: During 55,327 person-years, incident CKD occurred in 354 (6.5%) participants; 6.0, 6.1, and 7.8 per 1,000 person-years across the trajectories, respectively (P = 0.005). In the multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards model, the increasing BMI trajectory was associated with a 1.4-fold [hazard ratio (HR), 1.41; 95% CI, 1.06–1.87] a higher risk of incident CKD compared with stable BMI trajectory. This association was stronger for overweight and obese individuals. The HRs for CKD development in these two groups were 1.6 (95% CI, 1.06–1.87) and 2.2 (95% CI, 1.40–3.48), respectively. While the increasing BMI group was gaining weight, there were concomitant increases in blood pressure, insulin resistance, serum concentrations of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and fat mass, but high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol level and muscle-to-fat (MF) ratio decreased.Conclusion: Weight gain is associated with an increased risk of incident CKD in healthy adults. This association is attributed to worsening metabolic profiles and increasing fat mass.
Development and Validation of an Electronic Frailty Index Using Routine Electronic Health Records: An Observational Study From a General Hospital in China
Authors: Liang Yao-Dan , Xie Yi-Bo , Du Ming-Hui , Shi Jing , Yang Jie-Fu , Wang Hua 
Published: September 2021

Background: This study aimed to develop and validate an electronic frailty index (eFI) based on routine electronic health records (EHR) for older adult inpatients and to analyze the correlations between frailty and hospitalized events and costs.Methods: We created an eFI from routine EHR and validated the effectiveness by the consistency of the comprehensive geriatric assessment-frailty index (CGA-FI) with an independent prospective cohort. Then, we analyzed the correlations between frailty and hospitalized events and costs by regressions.Results: During the study period, 49,226 inpatients were included in the analysis, 42,821 (87.0%) of which had enough data to calculate an eFI. A strong correlation between the CGA-FI and eFI was shown in the validation cohort of 685 subjects (Pearson's r = 0.716, P &lt; 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity for an eFI≥0.15, the upper tertile, to identify frailty, defined as a CGA-FI≥0.25, were 64.8 and 88.7%, respectively. After adjusting for age, sex, and operation, an eFI≥0.15 showed an independent association with long hospital stay (odds ratio [OR] = 2.889, P &lt; 0.001) and death in hospital (OR = 19.97, P &lt; 0.001). Moreover, eFI values (per 0.1) were positively associated with total costs (β = 0.453, P &lt; 0.001), examination costs (β = 0.269, P &lt; 0.001), treatment costs (β = 0.414, P &lt; 0.001), nursing costs (β = 0.381, P &lt; 0.001), pharmacy costs (β = 0.524, P &lt; 0.001), and material costs (β = 0.578, P &lt; 0.001) after adjusting aforementioned factors.Conclusions: We successfully developed an effective eFI from routine EHR from a general hospital in China. Frailty is an independent risk factor for long hospital stay and death in hospital. As the degree of frailty increases, the hospitalized costs increase accordingly.
Pneumonia Patients Caused by Co-infection With SARS-CoV-2 and Human Adenovirus in China
Authors: Qiu Shaofu , Zeng Ge , Li Peihan , Li Xiaohui , Liu Hongbo , Du Xinying , Liu Hongbo , Zhang Heng , Xiang Xingyu , Wang Hui , Chen Xiangbing , Yang Guangyao , Tian Sai , Wang Ligui , Yang Mingjuan , Yang Chaojie , Gao Lidong , Hu Shixiong , Song Hongbin , Zhan Zhifei 
Published: September 2021

Objectives: To data, no patients with obvious epidemiological relationship co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens have been reported. Here, we investigated 10 patients caused by co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and human adenovirus (HAdV), resulting in third-generation transmission.Materials and Methods: From Jan 15, 2020, we enrolled 10 patients with pneumonia in Hunan Province, China. Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory investigation results from these patients were analyzed. An epidemiological investigation was performed to assess whether patient infections were linked using conventional methods and metagenomic sequencing.Results: The presence of co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and HAdV was determined via RT-PCR and metagenomic sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that SARS-CoV-2 and HAdV genomes clustered together, with similar genetic relationships. The first patient likely became co-infected during meetings or travel in Wuhan. The patient transmitted the virus via dinners and meetings, which resulted in four second-generation cases. Then, a second-generation case transmitted the virus to her family members or relatives via presymptomatic transmission.Conclusions: This study described an example of co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and HAdV in pneumonia patients, which caused third-generation cases and inter-regional transmission via meetings, household interactions, and dinner parties. We also observed the persistent and presymptomatic transmission of co-infection, which has the potential to make the continued control of the COVID-19 pandemic challenging. Continuous surveillance is needed to monitor the prevalence, infectivity, transmissibility, and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 co-infection with other pathogens to evaluate its real risk.
Intrinsic Capacity vs. Multimorbidity: A Function-Centered Construct Predicts Disability Better Than a Disease-Based Approach in a Community-Dwelling Older Population Cohort
Authors: Zhao Jing , Chhetri Jagadish K. , Chang Yi , Zheng Zheng , Ma Lina , Chan Piu 
Published: September 2021

Objective: This study aimed to assess the status of intrinsic capacity (IC)—a novel function-centered construct proposed by the WHO and examine whether impairment in IC predicts subsequent 1-year activities of daily living (ADL) disability better than a disease-based approach, i. e., multimorbidity status.Methods: This study included data of community-dwelling older adults from the Beijing Longitudinal Study on Aging II aged 65 years or older who were followed up at 1 year. Multivariate logistic regressions were performed to estimate the odds of ADL disability at baseline and 1-year follow-up.Results: A total of 7,298 older participants aged 65 years or older were included in the current study. About 4,742 older adults were followed up at 1 year. At baseline, subjects with a higher impairment in IC domains showed higher odds of ADL disability [adj. odds ratio (OR) = 9.51 for impairment in ≥3 domains, area under the curve (AUC) = 0.751] compared to much lower odds of ADL disability in subjects with a higher number (≥3) of chronic diseases (adj. OR 3.92, AUC = 0.712). At 1-year follow-up, the overall incidence of ADL disability increased with the impairment in IC domains higher than the increase in multimorbidity status. A higher impairment in IC domains showed higher odds of incidence ADL disability for impairment in 2 or ≥3 IC domains (adj. OR 2.32 for impairment in ≥3 domains, adj. OR 1.43 for impairment in two domains, AUC = 0.685). Only subjects who had ≥3 chronic diseases had higher odds of 1-year incident ADL disability (adj. OR 1.73, AUC = 0.681) that was statistically significant.Conclusion: Our results imply that a function-centered construct could have higher predictability of disability compared to the multimorbidity status in community older people. Our results need to be confirmed by studies with longer follow-up.