bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Authoritarians and social dominators view career women markedly different (but only if they fail)
Authors: Süssenbach Philipp , Carvacho Héctor 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn three studies (N1 = 160, N2 = 100, N3 = 135), the effects of right‐wing authoritarianism (RWA) and social dominance orientation (SDO) on the social judgment of working women (i.e., perceived warmth and competence) were examined. In each study, type of job (traditional vs. nontraditional job background) as well as the job‐related success (Studies 1a and 1b) or political success (Study 2) of women was manipulated. Across studies, we found that RWA and SDO affected liking for a target who violated shared expectations (woman with a nontraditional job background without job‐related/political success) in contrasting ways—with RWA predicting increased liking and SDO predicting decreased liking. Perceptions of stereotypic targets (e.g., the woman with a traditional job background without success, the woman with a nontraditional job background with success) were not consistently related to ideological attitudes. Theoretic implications as well as consequences for working women are discussed.
Time trends in autism diagnosis over 20 years: a UK population‐based cohort study
Authors: Russell Ginny , Stapley Sal , Newlove‐Delgado Tamsin , Salmon Andrew , White Rhianna , Warren Fiona , Pearson Anita , Ford Tamsin 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundAutism spectrum disorder is a diagnosis that is increasingly applied; however, previous studies have conflicting findings whether rates of diagnosis rates continue to grow in the UK. This study tested whether the proportion of people receiving a new autism diagnosis has been increasing over a twenty‐year period, both overall and by subgroups.MethodPopulation‐based study utilizing the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) primary care database, which contains patients registered with practices contributing data to the CPRD between 1998 and 2018 (N = 6,786,212 in 1998 to N = 9,594,598 in 2018). 65,665 patients had a diagnosis of autism recorded in 2018.Time trend of new (incident) cases of autism diagnosis was plotted for all, and stratified by gender, diagnostic subtypes, and developmental stage: infancy and preschool, 0–5 years old; childhood, 6–11 years old; adolescence, 12–19 years old; adults, over 19 years old.ResultsThere was a 787%, exponential increase in recorded incidence of autism diagnoses between 1998 and 2018; R2 = 0.98, exponentiated coefficient = 1.07, 95% CI [1.06, 1.08], p < .001. The increase in diagnoses was greater for females than males (exponentiated interaction coefficient = 1.02, 95% CI [1.01, 1.03], p < .001) and moderated by age band, with the greatest rises in diagnostic incidence among adults (exponentiated interaction coefficient = 1.06, 95% CI [1.04, 1.07], p < .001).ConclusionsIncreases could be due to growth in prevalence or, more likely, increased reporting and application of diagnosis. Rising diagnosis among adults, females and higher functioning individuals suggest augmented recognition underpins these changes.
Fermented pomegranate extracts protect against oxidative stress and aging of skin
Authors: Chan Leong‐Perng , Tseng Ya‐Ping , Liu Cheng , Liang Chia‐Hua 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundPunica granatum (pomegranate) potentially ameliorates skin inflammation and pain, including herpetic stromal keratitis. Fermentation is a biotechnological technique that may naturally induce health benefits by producing antioxidants. However, the anti‐aging effect of fermented pomegranate extracts (FPE) on the skin is still unclear.AimThis investigation evaluates the effects of fermented pomegranate as a functional supplement (FPE drink, FPE‐D) and a cosmetic ingredient (FPE serum, FPE‐S) in vitro and in vivo.Patients/MethodsThe effects of FPE products for anti‐oxidation, anti‐tyrosinase, anti‐inflammation, and anti‐aging were examined. Forty subjects were randomly allocated to FPE‐D or placebo drink groups (50 ml of a FPE‐D /placebo drink daily for 8 weeks for each subject), and another 40 subjects were recruited to FPE‐S or placebo serum groups (about 3 ml of a FPE‐S /placebo serum daily and nightly/daily for 4 weeks for each subject) in a double‐blind study.ResultsThe effects of FPE products on the DPPH, ABTS+, and NO· free radical scavenging activities, their inhibiting of tyrosinase activity and their enhancement of the skin health of healthy subjects, were investigated. FPE‐D improved the moisture, brightness, elasticity, and collagen density of the skin of most subjects at 8 weeks relative to the baseline without treatment (p < 0.05). After 4 weeks of FPE‐S serum consumption, the moisture, brightness, elasticity, spots, UV spots, and collagen density of skin were slightly better than those at week 0 (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe daily consumption of fermented pomegranate extracts can protect the skin against oxidative stress and slow skin aging.
Using Macro Archival Databases to Expand Theory in Micro Research
Authors: Hill N. Sharon , Aguinis Herman , Drewry Josiah , Patnaik Sanjay , Griffin Jennifer J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDatabases containing macro‐level data are an underutilized methodological tool for expanding theory in micro research (i.e., individual and team) to the macro (i.e., organizational and higher) level of analysis. We describe how macro archival databases support different theoretical approaches for upwardly expanding micro research and summarize unanswered research questions across micro domains requiring upward expansion. We describe 31 macro archival databases as a resource for testing research questions that upwardly expand theorizing in micro domains and how databases enable methodological best practices (i.e., data collection over time, multiple measures of a construct, multilevel statistical controls, missing data and outlier management) that are often difficult to apply in typical micro research. Finally, we demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of using macro archival databases through an empirical illustration in the workplace diversity domain: positive effects of manager gender diversity and manager industry gender diversity on firm performance (i.e., ROA and ROE).
A responsible psychologist is a responsible citizen
Authors: Kelman Herbert C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper is based on a talk presented at a conference on “The Socially Responsible Psychologist – A Symposium in Honor of M. Brewster Smith,” held at the University of California, Santa Cruz, on April 16, 1988 on the occasion of Brewster Smith's retirement. It was slated to be published in a Festschrift for Brewster, but the volume did not materialize. Brewster passed away on August 4, 2012. As the centennial of his birth on June 26, 2019 approached, I decided to publish the paper in Brewster's memory and in deep appreciation of his life‐long contributions to our discipline and the betterment of the human condition.
The reproductive phenology of blackbuck: influence of seasonal nutritional resources and flexible lactation as an adaptive strategy
Authors: Priyadarshini K. V. R. , Gort G. , Rice C. G. , Yoganand K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSeasonality poses significant nutritional constraints for ungulates. Consequently, most ungulates time their energy‐demanding events like calving and lactation to the availability of abundant and high‐quality nutritional resources. We investigated the reproductive phenology of blackbuck, Antilope cervicapra, in relation to resource seasonality, in a semi‐arid grassland in western India. We examined whether the body condition of females, forage abundance and forage quality influenced the timing of blackbuck reproduction. We also used a conceptual model to explore whether blackbuck use behavioural adaptations in maternal care as an adaptive strategy to buffer the high nutritional demands of lactation. Blackbuck showed biannual calving, which occurred before (pre‐monsoon) and after the rains (post‐monsoon). We found statistically significant relationships, albeit small effect sizes, of body condition, forage abundance (biomass) and moisture content of grasses on the proportion of lactating females. The biannual reproductive phenology seems more complex than a simple relationship of reproduction with body condition and optimal nutrition supply. In the conceptual model based on our data, we propose that blackbuck females shortened their lactation time and weaned their calves sooner during the pre‐monsoon calving to coincide with a period of optimal food quality, thus, ensuring sufficient nutrition for both weanlings and allowing the females to regain body reserves, whereas, resource availability during the post‐monsoon calving likely allowed females to invest in longer lactation, weaning the calves later, as compared to the pre‐monsoon calving season. Thereby, blackbuck may be maintaining biannual calving and thus increase their lifetime reproductive output.
Molecular adaptations to heat stress in the thermophilic ant genus Cataglyphis
Authors: Perez Rémy , de Souza Araujo Natalia , Defrance Matthieu , Aron Serge 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOver the last decade, increasing attention has been paid to the molecular adaptations used by organisms to cope with thermal stress. However, to date, few studies have focused on thermophilic species living in hot, arid climates. In this study, we explored molecular adaptations to heat stress in the thermophilic ant genus Cataglyphis, one of the world's most thermotolerant animal taxa. We compared heat tolerance and gene expression patterns across six Cataglyphis species from distinct phylogenetic groups that live in different habitats and experience different thermal regimes. We found that all six species had high heat tolerance levels with critical thermal maxima (CTmax) ranging from 43℃ to 45℃ and a median lethal temperature (LT50) ranging from 44.5℃ to 46.8℃. Transcriptome analyses revealed that, although the number of differentially expressed genes varied widely for the six species (from 54 to 1118), many were also shared. Functional annotation of the differentially expressed and co‐expressed genes showed that the biological pathways involved in heat‐shock responses were similar among species and were associated with four major processes: the regulation of transcriptional machinery and DNA metabolism; the preservation of proteome stability; the elimination of toxic residues; and the maintenance of cellular integrity. Overall, our results suggest that molecular responses to heat stress have been evolutionarily conserved in the ant genus Cataglyphis and that their diversity may help workers withstand temperatures close to their physiological limits.
Mucin Msb2 cooperates with the transmembrane protein Sho1 in various plant surface signal sensing and pathogenic processes in the poplar anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
Authors: Wang Xiaolian , Lu Dongxiao , Tian Chengming 
Published: August 2021

AbstractColletotrichum gloeosporioides is a hemibiotrophic ascomycete fungus that causes anthracnose on numerous plants worldwide and forms a specialized infection structure known as an appressorium in response to various plant surface signals. However, the associated mechanism of host surface signal recognition remains unclear. In the present study, three putative sensors, namely the mucin Msb2, the membrane sensor protein Sho1, and the G‐protein‐coupled receptor Pth11, were identified and characterized. The results showed that CgMsb2 plays a major role in the recognition of various host surface signals; deletion of CgMsb2 resulted in significant defects in appressorium formation, appressorium penetration, cellophane membrane penetration, and pathogenicity. CgSho1 plays a minor role and together with CgMsb2 cooperatively regulates host signal recognition, cellophane membrane penetration, and pathogenicity; deletion of CgSho1 resulted in an expansion defect of infection hyphae. Deletion of CgPth11 in wildtype, ΔCgMsb2, and ΔCgSho1 strains only resulted in a slight defect in appressorium formation at the early stage, and CgPth11 was dispensable for penetration and pathogenicity. However, exogenous cAMP failed to restore the defect of appressorium formation in ΔCgPth11 at the early stage. CgMsb2 contributed to the phosphorylation of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase CgMk1, which is essential for infection‐associated functions, while CgSho1 was unable to activate CgMk1 alone but rather cooperated with CgMsb2 to activate CgMk1. These data suggest that CgMsb2 contributes to the activation of CgMk1 and has overlapping functions with CgSho1 in plant surface sensing, appressorium formation, and pathogenicity.
Medical phenome of musicians: an investigation of health records collected on 9803 musically active individuals
Authors: Niarchou Maria , Lin George T. , Lense Miriam D. , Gordon Reyna L. , Davis Lea K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPrevious studies suggest that musicians may be at higher risk for a set of medical problems; however, this literature has been limited by relatively small sample sizes, self‐reports, and lack of controls. To address such limitations, we examined trends in the medical care of musicians in an Electronic Health Record database. On the basis of a collection of keywords and regular expressions in the patients’ clinical notes, we identified 9803 “musicians” that we matched for sex, median age (across the medical record), ethnicity, race, the length of record, and the number of visits with 49,015 controls. We fitted 1263 logistic regression models to determine whether the phenotype was correlated with musicianship. Two hundred fifty‐seven phenotypes were more prevalent in musicians than controls after Bonferroni adjustment (P < 7.6 × 10–6), including diseases of the larynx and vocal cords (OR = 2.32 (95% CI: 2.25–2.40)), and hearing loss (OR = 1.36 (95% CI: 1.32–1.39)). Fifteen phenotypes were significantly more prevalent in controls than musicians, including coronary atherosclerosis (OR = 0.91 (95% CI: 0.89–0.94)). Although being a musician was related to many occupational health problems, we identified protective effects of musicianship in which certain disorders were less common in musicians than in controls, indicating that active musical engagement could have health benefits analogous to athletic engagement.
Strigolactones affect phosphorus acquisition strategies in tomato plants
Authors: Santoro Veronica , Schiavon Michela , Visentin Ivan , Constán‐Aguilar Christian , Cardinale Francesca , Celi Luisella 
Published: August 2021

AbstractStrigolactones (SLs) are plant hormones that modulate morphological, physiological and biochemical changes as part of the acclimation strategies to phosphorus (P) deficiency, but an in‐depth description of their effects on tomato P‐acquisition strategies under P shortage is missing. Therefore, in this study, we investigate how SLs impact on root exudation and P uptake, in qualitative and quantitative terms over time, in wild‐type and SL‐depleted tomato plants grown with or without P. Under P shortage, SL‐depleted plants were unable to efficiently activate most mechanisms associated with the P starvation response (PSR), except for the up‐regulation of P transporters and increased activity of P‐solubilizing enzymes. The reduced SL biosynthesis had negative effects also under normal P provision, because plants over‐activated high‐affinity transporters and enzymatic activities (phytase, acidic phosphatase) to sustain elevated P uptake, at great carbon and nitrogen costs. A shift in the onset of PSR was also highlighted in these plants. We conclude that SLs are master kinetic regulators of the PSR in tomato and that their defective synthesis might lead both to suboptimal nutritional outcomes under P depletion and an unbalanced control of P uptake when P is available.
Conversational Cooperation Revisited
Authors: Ellefson Gretchen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIt is commonly accepted that conversation is, in some sense, cooperative. This is due in part to Paul Grice’s articulation of the Cooperative Principle, which states that participants should “make [their] conversational contributions such as is required . . .” (1989, 26). Yet the significance of this principle, as well as the notion of cooperation that is entailed, is up for interpretation. For example, there are several ways of understanding what kind of force the Cooperative Principle is supposed to have: it could be meant as a requirement on the behavior of speakers, a description of the way speakers behave, or an articulation of what speakers assume of one another’s contributions. I consider each of these options, and I argue that the first, which is often seen as a naïve interpretation, is worth considering. Although I ultimately reject the prescriptive interpretation of the Cooperative Principle, it offers a jumping off point for exploring other prescriptions on conversational behavior, such as the Requirement of Interlocutor Responsiveness, which I offer as an explicitly prescriptive conversational principle.
Citrus transcription factor CsHB5 regulates abscisic acid biosynthetic genes and promotes senescence
Authors: Zhang Yin , Zhang Yingzi , Sun Quan , Lu Suwen , Chai Lijun , Ye Junli , Deng Xiuxin 
Published: August 2021

SUMMARYSenescence is a gradual physiological process involving the integration of numerous internal and environmental signals. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a well‐known inducer of senescence. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying ABA‐mediated senescence remain largely unknown. Here, we report that the citrus homeodomain leucine zipper I (HD‐ZIP I) transcription factor CsHB5 functions as a regulator of ABA‐triggered senescence. CsHB5 acts as a nucleus‐localized transcriptional activator, the expression of which appeared to be closely associated with citrus senescence. Overexpression of CsHB5 in citrus calli upregulated the expression of ABA‐ and reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐related genes, and significantly increased the content of ABA and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), whereas silencing CsHB5 in citrus calli downregulated the expression of ABA‐related genes. Additionally, heterogenous overexpression of CsHB5 in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) and Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) leads to early leaf yellowing under dark‐induced senescence conditions. Meanwhile, the levels of ABA and H2O2 in transgenic tomatoes increased significantly and the lycopene content decreased. Transcriptome analysis of CsHB5‐overexpressing citrus calli and tomato showed that CsHB5 was involved in multiple senescence‐associated processes, including chlorophyll degradation, nutrient compound biosynthesis and transport, as well as ABA and ROS signal transduction. The results of yeast one‐hybrid assays, electrophoretic mobility shift assays and dual luciferase assays indicated that CsHB5 directly binds to the promoters of ABA biosynthetic genes, including β‐carotene hydroxylase 1 (BCH1) and 9‐cis‐epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 2 (NCED2), thereby activating their transcription. Our findings revealed that CsHB5 participates in senescence, at least partly, by directly controlling ABA accumulation. Our work provides insight into the regulatory mechanisms underlying ABA‐mediated senescence.
Vasovagal syncope after blood donation in active duty military personnel of the Spanish Army
Authors: Fraile Nuria , Fernández‐Cano Ester , Ramos Ascensión , López‐Aguilar Juan‐Carlos , Jiménez‐Moreno María‐Esther , Pereira Arturo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundAll studies of vasovagal syncope (VVS) after blood donation have been performed with civilian donors. We hypothesized that military donors have a lower incidence of VVS and a particular set of predisposing factors.Study Design and MethodsRetrospective case–control study matching every case of VVS seen from 2011 to 2019 with two controls without VVS from the same blood drive. We used the odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI), estimated by multivariate logistic regression, to identify independent predictors of VVS.ResultsThere were 105 episodes of VVS among 65.481 whole blood donations (0.15%). VVS was more frequent among donors from military academies than from other military units (0.37% vs. 0.10%, p < .001) and in collections conducted in mobile inside setups than in mobile buses (0.23% vs. 0.06%, p < .001). In the multivariate analysis, the only independent predictors of VVS were the status of first‐time donor (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.5–4.4; p < .001) and pre‐donation systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 120 mm Hg (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1–3.3; p = .01). Donors with both risk factors had a 5.5‐fold increased risk of VVS than donors without any risk factor. Age and female sex were not predictive of VVS.DiscussionActive duty military blood donors have a lower incidence of VVS than that reported in civilian donors. First‐time donors and donors with SBP < 120 mm Hg should be temporarily deferred when immediate reincorporation to hazardous or strenuous duty tasks after donation is inescapable.
Energy demand reduction in the built environment using shallow geothermal integrated energy systems: Part II – Hybrid ground source heat pump for building heating
Authors: Kumar Balaji , Sharma Vishaldeep 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The research collection aims at finding the various possible opportunities for the effective integration of shallow geothermal energy (SGE) to decrease the energy demand in the built environment and to reduce emission associated with it. The direct utilization of SGE using a ground source heat pump (GSHP) has been reviewed in comprehensive review part I and part II. From the extensive review, it is found that the hybrid GSHP is needed to avoid ground thermal imbalance and peak demand. Hybrid GSHP can adopt various supplemental heat sources and sinks according to the local climatic conditions and the balance of energy demands. The primary focus on the integration of subsystems such as biomass, solar energy (PV, PVT, and collector), phase change material, micro gas turbine, and absorption heat pump with GSHP is presented for heating application. This comprehensive review part III highlights the recent research findings and a potential gap in hybrid GSHP for further research and developments