bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trade agreements and Global Value Chain (GVC) participation: Evidence from Chinese industries
Authors: Zeng Ka , Lu Yue , Li Ya‐wei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe growing fragmentation of production across national borders and the proliferation of preferential trade agreements (PTAs) have become salient features of the global economy in the past decades. This paper examines the role of PTAs in promoting the integration of domestic industries into global value chains (GVCs) based on the experience of China, a country that has emerged as a key link in East Asian and global production networks in recent years. We conjecture that both the presence of PTAs and the depth of these agreements matter for GVC participation. Furthermore, PTAs that contain strong provisions with regard to investment protection and services are particularly likely to stimulate the expansion of GVC linkages. This is because strong investment protection provisions may reduce the disruptions that hostile government policy may generate for the entire production chain. Rigorous PTA provisions regarding services may help facilitate the provision of services, which are not only critical in enabling the emergence of GVCs, but are also becoming essential inputs in GVC trade. Empirical analysis of the effect of the PTAs signed by China on the GVC participation of 16 Chinese industries between 2005 and 2015 lends substantial support to our hypotheses.
Evaluation of dental trauma in inmates of the most highly populated Brazilian prison complex
Authors: de Carvalho Fabiana Menezes Teixeira , dos Santos Ana Sofia Vieira , Lins‐Filho Paulo Cardoso , de Vasconcelos Márcia Maria Vendiciano Barbosa , Caldas Júnior Arnaldo de França , Godoy Gustavo Pina 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground/AimDue to the increase in incarceration rates, the prison community has attracted much concern in the recent past. Although people in prison are often socially disadvantaged and vulnerable to a range of health problems, there is a lack of information on the oral health conditions of prisoners. Thus, the aim of this study was to survey the oral problems of a sample of the male incarcerated population of Brazil, focusing on dental trauma.Material and MethodsThe research was undertaken over a three‐month period in 2017. It was a cross‐sectional study of 756 prisoners of the Curado Prison Complex, located in Recife, PE. Using a previously calibrated examiner, dental trauma was measured with the Andreasen index. Etiology of dental trauma and socio‐demographic data were collected with questions developed for this survey. Standard descriptive statistics were used to report frequency estimates. The chi‐square test, Fisher's exact test, and Mann–Whitney U‐test were used to compare groups. In addition, a binary logistic regression was performed to identify whether the studied variables could predict the occurrence of dental trauma.ResultsThe prevalence of dental trauma in the sample was 10.8% and most of the cases (42.7%) occurred due to violent events. A higher frequency of violent etiology was observed in cases that occurred during imprisonment (p = 0.037). Individuals that suffered dental trauma during incarceration were more likely to have been incarcerated for longer periods of time (p = 0.043). The main type of injury found was enamel and dentin fracture without pulp exposure (68%). The most affected tooth was the upper right central incisor (40%).ConclusionThese results underline the high prevalence of dental trauma experienced by men in prison.
Water temperature influences larval survival of the amphidromous goby Sicyopterus lagocephalus
Authors: Teichert Nils , Lagarde Raphael , Occelli Nicolas , Ponton Dominique , Gaudin Philippe 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWater warming induced by human activities can impact fish larvae survival, notably because it influences larval development and prey abundances. Amphidromous gobies of the subfamily Sicydiinae are particularly sensitive to this threat as the newly hatched free embryos are poorly developed and the first feeding opportunity only occurs after they reach the ocean. Here, we studied how water temperature (21, 23, 25, 29 and 31°C) impacts early development stages of Sicyopterus lagocephalus in both freshwater and marine aquaria (salinity 35). We monitored survival time, larval condition and the occurrence of critical developmental events such as mouth opening, yolk sac and oil globule resorption. In freshwater, the survival exceeded 150 hours at 21°C, while it dropped below 50 hours at 31°C. In seawater, the larval development of unfed larvae was significantly affected by temperature, survival time being greatly reduced in warmer waters. Accounting for the observed duration between mouth opening and the resorption of the oil globule, we estimated that larvae need to find suitable prey in seawater within a short time: around 30 hours during the peak of reproduction in summer. Otherwise, their endogenous reserves become depleted and their condition degrades. This study emphasises the sensitivity of free embryos to stream flow alterations, which contributes to the increase in water temperature and to the slowing down of larvae drift to the ocean. We conclude that once in seawater the temperature and feeding conditions experienced by amphidromous larvae are critical for survival.
Pre‐exposure of voglibose exerts cerebroprotective effects through attenuating activation of the polyol pathway and inflammation
Authors: Chavda Vishal , Shah Pooja , Patel Snehal S. , Bhadada Shraddha 
Published: February 2021

AbstractChronic hyperglycemia induces activation of the polyol‐sorbitol pathway, which is a major contributor to microvascular complications like stroke. The current study was designed to elucidate the therapeutic role of α‐glucose inhibitor in chronic hyperglycemia‐induced impaired polyol pathway and associated micro‐complications. Male albino‐Wistar rats (200–250 g) were treated with voglibose 10 mg kg−1 day−1/p.o. for 2 weeks before middle cerebral artery occlusion; 72 hr after surgery, neurological score was evaluated and blood was collected for the assessment of various serum biochemical parameters like CRP, CK‐MB, LDH, lipid profile, and blood glucose levels. In the end, brain samples were excised for determination of brain infarct volume, brain hemisphere weight difference, Na+‐K+ ATPase activity oxidative stress‐related parameters, aldose reductase activity, and gene expression studies. Results from the present study indicate that pre‐treatment with voglibose showed significant improvement in lipid parameters but did not impact glucose levels. Voglibose has shown a statistically significant (p < .05) reduction in neurological score and brain infarct volume, and the difference in brain hemisphere weight as compared to the disease control group. Voglibose significantly (p < .05) improve all biochemical parameters and reduced Na+‐K+ ATPase and aldose reductase activity. Moreover, voglibose produced a significant reduction in oxidative stress and down‐regulation of TNF‐α and BCl‐2 gene expression which reduces the risk of factors related to stroke. In conclusion, the pleiotropic effect of voglibose on cerebrovascular complications may be due to inhibition of aldose reductase or anti‐inflammatory pathways.
Automatic detection of fatigue crack paths using digital image correlation and convolutional neural networks
Authors: Strohmann Tobias , Starostin‐Penner Denis , Breitbarth Eric , Requena Guillermo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe occurrence of fatigue cracks is an inherent part of the design of engineering structures subjected to nonconstant loads. Thus, the accurate description of cracks in terms of location and evolution during service conditions is mandatory to fulfill safety‐relevant criteria. In the present work, we implement a deep convolutional neural network to detect crack paths together with their crack tips based on displacement fields obtained using digital image correlation. To this purpose, fatigue crack propagation experiments were performed for AA2024‐T3 rolled sheets using specimens with different geometries. Several hundred datasets were acquired by digital image correlation during the experiments. A part of the displacement data from one of the specimens was then used to train the neural network. The results show that the method can accurately detect the shape and evolution of the cracks in all specimens. Adding synthetic data generated by finite element analyses to the training step improved the accuracy for cracks with stress intensity factors that exceeded the range of the original training data.
Influence of plastic prestraining on the fatigue crack propagation rate of S355MC and S460MC structural steels
Authors: Prosgolitis Christos G. , Kermanidis Alexis T. , Kamoutsi Helen , Haidemenopoulos Gregory N. , Karamanos Spyros A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCold forming induces significant plastic deformation at corner locations of structural steel members, resulting in both material strain hardening and the development of residual stresses, which influence the fatigue resistance of the steel members. Reliable fatigue assessment at such critical locations requires knowledge of the influence of pre‐existing plastic deformation on material behavior. The effect of plastic prestraining on the fatigue crack growth resistance of S355MC and S460MC structural steels has been evaluated experimentally. A comparative study, including fatigue crack growth and fracture resistance tests for both reference (non‐prestrained) and prestrained materials, has been performed. The experimental results, which are correlated to examined microstructural features and fracture characteristics of the materials revealed that fatigue crack growth rates of the prestrained material are higher than the reference material in the low Δκ region. Also, the S460MC steel exhibits higher crack growth rates compared to S355MC steel within the examined Δκ range.
Reduced photosynthetic thermal acclimation capacity under elevated ozone in poplar (Populus tremula) saplings
Authors: Dai Lulu , Xu Yansen , Harmens Harry , Duan Honglang , Feng Zhaozhong , Hayes Felicity , Sharps Katrina , Radbourne Alan , Tarvainen Lasse 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe sensitivity of photosynthesis to temperature has been identified as a key uncertainty for projecting the magnitude of the terrestrial carbon cycle response to future climate change. Although thermal acclimation of photosynthesis under rising temperature has been reported in many tree species, whether tropospheric ozone (O3) affects the acclimation capacity remains unknown. In this study, temperature responses of photosynthesis (light‐saturated rate of photosynthesis (Asat), maximum rates of RuBP carboxylation (Vcmax), and electron transport (Jmax) and dark respiration (Rdark) of Populus tremula exposed to ambient O3 (AO3, maximum of 30 ppb) or elevated O3 (EO3, maximum of 110 ppb) and ambient or elevated temperature (ambient +5°C) were investigated in solardomes. We found that the optimum temperature of Asat (ToptA) significantly increased in response to warming. However, the thermal acclimation capacity was reduced by O3 exposure, as indicated by decreased ToptA, and temperature optima of Vcmax (ToptV) and Jmax (ToptJ) under EO3. Changes in both stomatal conductance (gs) and photosynthetic capacity (Vcmax and Jmax) contributed to the shift of ToptA by warming and EO3. Neither Rdark measured at 25°C () nor the temperature response of Rdark was affected by warming, EO3, or their combination. The responses of Asat, Vcmax, and Jmax to warming and EO3 were closely correlated with changes in leaf nitrogen (N) content and N use efficiency. Overall, warming stimulated growth (leaf biomass and tree height), whereas EO3 reduced growth (leaf and woody biomass). The findings indicate that thermal acclimation of Asat may be overestimated if the impact of O3 pollution is not taken into account.
Lengthening of maize maturity time is not a widespread climate change adaptation strategy in the US Midwest
Authors: Abendroth Lori J. , Miguez Fernando E. , Castellano Michael J. , Carter Paul R. , Messina Carlos D. , Dixon Philip M. , Hatfield Jerry L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIncreasing temperatures in the US Midwest are projected to reduce maize yields because warmer temperatures hasten reproductive development and, as a result, shorten the grain fill period. However, there is widespread expectation that farmers will mitigate projected yield losses by planting longer season hybrids that lengthen the grain fill period. Here, we ask: (a) how current hybrid maturity length relates to thermal availability of the local climate, and (b) if farmers are shifting to longer season hybrids in response to a warming climate. To address these questions, we used county‐level Pioneer brand hybrid sales (Corteva Agriscience) across 17 years and 650 counties in 10 Midwest states (IA, IL, IN, MI, MN, MO, ND, OH, SD, and WI). Northern counties were shown to select hybrid maturities with growing degree day (GDD°C) requirements more closely related to the environmentally available GDD compared to central and southern counties. This measure, termed “thermal overlap,” ranged from complete 106% in northern counties to a mere 63% in southern counties. The relationship between thermal overlap and latitude was fit using split‐line regression and a breakpoint of 42.8°N was identified. Over the 17‐years, hybrid maturities shortened across the majority of the Midwest with only a minority of counties lengthening in select northern and southern areas. The annual change in maturity ranged from −5.4 to 4.1 GDD year−1 with a median of −0.9 GDD year−1. The shortening of hybrid maturity contrasts with widespread expectations of hybrid maturity aligning with magnitude of warming. Factors other than thermal availability appear to more strongly impact farmer decision‐making such as the benefit of shorter maturity hybrids on grain drying costs, direct delivery to ethanol biorefineries, field operability, labor constraints, and crop genetics availability. Prediction of hybrid choice under future climate scenarios must include climatic factors, physiological‐genetic attributes, socio‐economic, and operational constraints.
Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide induces interleukin‐6 and c‐c motif chemokine ligand 2 expression in cultured hCMEC/D3 human brain microvascular endothelial cells
Authors: Sato Natsu , Matsumoto Takeshi , Kawaguchi Shogo , Seya Kazuhiko , Matsumiya Tomoh , Ding Jiangli , Aizawa Tomomi , Imaizumi Tadaatsu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis paper describes the effect of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P gingivalis) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the expression of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and C‐C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) in cultured hCMEC/D3 human brain microvascular endothelial cells.BackgroundP gingivalis is one of the important pathogens in periodontitis, and periodontitis is a risk factor for brain disorders including cerebrovascular diseases and Alzheimer's disease. However, the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of P gingivalis‐mediated brain diseases are incompletely understood. Effects of P gingivalis LPS on brain endothelial cells are not known well.MethodsThe hCMEC/D3 human brain microvascular endothelial cells were cultured and treated with P gingivalis LPS. The expression of IL‐6 and CCL2 mRNA and protein was examined using quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Effect of inhibitors of Toll‐like receptor (TLR) 2, TLR4, nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB), p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) was also investigated. Phosphorylation of NF‐κB p65, p38 MAPK and JNK was examined using Western blotting.ResultsP gingivalis LPS‐induced mRNA and protein expression of IL‐6 and CCL2 in hCMEC/D3 cells in a concentration‐dependent manner at the concentration of 0.5‐50 µg/mL. Maximal mRNA expression of IL‐6 and CCL2 was found 2 and 4 hours after stimulation, respectively. Induction of IL‐6 and CCL2 by P gingivalis LPS was almost completely inhibited by pretreatment of cells with TLR4 inhibitor but not by TLR2 inhibitor. Treatment of cells with P gingivalis LPS for up to 2 hours induced phosphorylation of NF‐κB p65, p38 MAPK and JNK. IL‐6 induction was decreased by pretreatment of cells with NF‐κB inhibitor SN50 or p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580, while CCL2 induction was reduced by SN50 or JNK inhibitor SP600125.ConclusionsIL‐6 and CCL2 produced upon P gingivalis LPS stimulation may contribute to the inflammatory reactions in brain endothelial cells and subsequent neurological disorders such as cerebrovascular and Alzheimer's diseases.
Predictors of home being the preferred place of death among Japanese older people: JAGES cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ishikawa Takako , Haseda Maho , Kondo Naoki , Kondo Katsunori , Fukui Sakiko 
Published: February 2021

AimThere is a large discrepancy between people's preferred and actual place of death in Japan. To manage this discrepancy, this study aimed to identify the variability in preferred places of death and their associated factors among Japanese older people.MethodsCross‐sectional survey data were collected in 2016 as part of the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study, in which 20 204 participants were asked about their preferred place of death. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the final determinants for home as the preferred place of death.ResultsBased on survey data, 35.8% of respondents preferred home as the place of death, 42.7% preferred some sort of facility and 21.5% were unsure. Those who preferred to be at home when receiving end‐of‐life care were more likely to be older in age, live with others, be employed, be homeowners, have lived in their current residence for a longer period, not be vaccinated for influenza in the past year, engage in physical work or intense sports, not have participated in end‐of‐life discussions regarding preferred place of death, have experienced relatives dying at home, practice norms of reciprocity, have a sense of attachment to their neighborhood, receive instrumental social support, interact with neighbors and live in a rural area.ConclusionsFactors related to community attachment were associated with choosing home as the preferred place of death. To fulfill the preferences of Japanese older people, a broad range of demographic, health, behavioral, social, cultural and environmental factors should be considered. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 345–352.
The networked character of migration and transnationalism
Authors: Bilecen Başak , Lubbers Miranda J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAcknowledgement of the prominent role of social networks in migration studies marked a significant departure from earlier studies, suggesting that social networks determine migration decisions, trajectories, and outcomes. While social network analytical tools have not always been used in empirical investigations of migratory phenomena, studies on migration that use relational approaches also show an inherent network thinking. In this paper, we review the state of the art of the literature on migration and social networks, highlighting the advances made by empirical research using network thinking, particularly in different stages of migration and for operationalizing transnational phenomena related to migration. Based on this review, we detect the role of networks in different stages of migration, and we reflect on the remaining challenges for future research regarding the role of social networks within migration scholarship.
Advantage of 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing in Helicobacter pylori diagnosis
Authors: Gantuya Boldbaatar , El Serag Hashem B. , Saruuljavkhlan Batsaikhan , Azzaya Dashdorj , Matsumoto Takashi , Uchida Tomohisa , Oyuntsetseg Khasag , Oyunbileg Nyamdorj , Davaadorj Duger , Yamaoka Yoshio 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground16S rRNA amplicon sequencing is an accurate method of detecting microbial infection without culture. It is unclear if sequencing has additional benefits over routine diagnostic methods for Helicobacter pylori testing.MethodsWe enrolled Mongolian volunteers with dyspepsia. Using routine diagnostic methods, positive H. pylori was defined as positive results on histology/immunohistochemistry, culture, rapid urease test, or serology; negative H. pylori was defined by negative results from all these tests. We performed 16S rRNA sequencing on gastric biopsy specimens and calculated cutoffs for operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and relative abundance (RA) to define positive results using ROC curves.ResultsWe examined 161 individuals with a mean age of 43.6 years, and 64.6% were women. Using routine diagnostic methods, 122 (75.8%) participants were H. pylori positive, the sensitivity and specificity for 16S rRNA sequencing were 94.3% and 82.1% or 93.4% and 82.1% when cutoff values were set to 1113 (OTU number) or 4.4% RA, respectively (both p < .001). When combining the validated values, the concordance rate was high (91.1%); however, 16S rRNA sequencing had additional positive yield in 9 cases (5.6%) compared with routine diagnostic methods, and much greater additional positive yield compared to histopathology/IHC, culture, RUT, serology separately with 12 (7.4%), 37 (23.0%) and 43 (26.7%).Conclusion16S rRNA amplicon sequencing detects potentially important proportion of H. pylori‐positive cases that test negative with routine diagnostic methods. The quantitative number of H. pylori can help to understand how it can be changing by diseases and RA give opportunity to understand how H. pylori communicate with other microbiota.
Abnormal fucosylation of alpha‐fetoprotein in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Nouso Kazuhiro , Furubayashi Yoshie , Kariyama Kazuya , Wakuta Akiko , Miyake Nozomi , Inoue Kanae , Nagai Yuta , Murakami Shiho , Adachi Takuya , Oyama Atsushi , Wada Nozomu , Takeuchi Yasuto , Sakata Masahiro , Yasunaka Tetsuya , Onishi Hideki , Shiraha Hidenori , Takaki Akinobu , Shiota Shohei , Yasuda Satoshi , Toyoda Hidenori , Kawanaka Miwa , Kumada Takashi , Okada Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimNonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a risk factor for nonvirus‐related hepatocellular carcinoma, which is increasing in prevalence. The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical application of fucosylated alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP‐L3) in the process of nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) disease development.MethodsSerum samples from 115 diabetes mellitus (DM), 36 NAFL, and 119 NASH patients were analyzed for AFP‐L3 expression using raw data of a micro total analysis system. These data were then compared with the clinical characteristics of the patients. A validation study was also undertaken with 55 samples (17 NAFL and 38 NASH).ResultsTrace amounts of AFP‐L3 were detected in 3.5%, 16.7%, and 58.0% of patients with DM, NAFL, and NASH, respectively. The odds ratio of AFP‐L3 positivity for the diagnosis of NASH in multivariate analysis was 9.81 (95% confidence interval, 3.77–25.5). The rates in patients without fibrosis or with stage 1, stage 2, stage 3, and stage 4 fibrosis were 14.7%, 31.3%, 63.0%, 86.2%, and 100%, respectively. The rates were significantly increased according to the advancement of liver fibrosis (p < 0.001); however, no difference in the positive rate of AFP‐L3 was observed between patients with and without fatty livers and between patients with normal and abnormal transaminase. The same relationship was also observed in the validation cohort.ConclusionAbnormal fucosylation of AFP occurred in patients with NASH, so it could be useful for the screening of NASH in patients with DM, as well as for the differential diagnosis of NASH and the evaluation of fibrosis.