bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of premature failure of hip joint replacement
Authors: Hanusová P , Palček P , Roszak M , Zatkalíková V 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Hip joint replacement is one of the most frequently used surgical procedures worldwide. Currently, more than 340 of the total 4431 implants per year are reoperated in Slovakia. Despite the excellent properties of the titanium alloy, endoprosthesis often fails and hip replacement is necessary. Common causes are inflammation and aseptic loosening. Other causes of failure include injury, implantation failure, manufacturing inaccuracies, and aseptic loosening. The case study of a failed endoprosthesis is carried out in cooperation with the Orthopaedic Clinic of the University Hospital in Martin, Slovakia. The patient necessarily needed THA and this paper deals with the causes of failure of his total hip joint replacement.
Effect of ageing on the mechanical properties of cold formed S700 rectangular hollow
Authors: Kaijalainen A , Mourujärvi J , Tulonen J , Steen P , Kömi J 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The aim of this work is to study the effect of ageing (250 °C for 1 h) on the mechanical properties of the cold formed S700 rectangular hollow section. The investigated hot rolled steel strip was produced thermomechanical rolling followed by direct quenching. The dimension of the investigated hollow section was 120 x 120 x 10 mm and the corner radii and the other tolerances compliant with EN 10219. Tensile properties and Charpy-V impact toughness were determined for the base material and flat and corner area of the hollow section. The results showed that the tensile strength in the corner was slightly higher in comparison with the flat side, revealing higher cold deformation rate in the corner. Ageing increased the strength level relatively higher than cold forming without losing any elongation properties. The impact energies were at the high level at −40°C and −60°C in cold formed and aged materials. Even at −80°C, the CV results were 118 J/cm2. It is also notable that no difference in CV values between the flat and the corner samples were observed. Thus, the results showed that the flat side specimens testing provides sufficient information of mechanical properties of the cold formed rectangular hollow sections and no need demanding corner sample testing when the structural hollow section is produced by using the thermomechanical controlled and direct-quenched base material. Furthermore, results showed that cold formed S700 is excellent for offshore steels, as steels are used even colder conditions as before.
Effect of high-energy attrition milling and La2O3 content on the microstructure of Mo-La2O3 composite powders
Authors: Komarov P , Tkachenko S , Remešová M , Deák A , Crawford D , Casas-Luna M , Bednaříková V , Bodoki E , Cihlář J , Čelko L 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Mo-La2O3 composites are potential high-temperature materials for future technology devices operating at temperatures above 1300 °C because of their excellent thermal stability, high mechanical properties and good creep resistance. In this study, we focused on the preparation of Mo-matrix/lanthanum oxide (La2O3) composite powders using high-energy attrition milling. The effects of rotational milling speed (350 and 800 rpm) and La2O3 content (2.5 and 10 vol. %) on the microstructural evolution, phase composition, morphology, and distribution of the second phase in the produced composite Mo-La2O3 powders were investigated in details. The results show that the most interesting composite powder was Mo-10 vol.% La2O3 produced using a rotational speed of 800 rpm, which exhibited better distribution, smaller particle size and higher amount of ceramic phase introduced in the interiors of the Mo grains.
Environmental impact on the life of a polymeric composite with polyamide matrix and glass fibres
Authors: Markovičová L. , Zatkalíková V. , Kojnoková T. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Polymer construction materials in composite design achieve high strength, have high chemical and thermal resistance as well as resistance to UV radiation. Due to the fact that polymer composites are often used for a long time outdoors, they are exposed to the weather and living organisms. The polymer composite PA66 + GF30 was used in the experiment. The composite consists of a polyamide matrix (PA) and a short glass fiber. Samples of the composite were subjected to accelerated aging in a UV chamber under precisely defined conditions. After UV degradation, the samples were still exposed in wet soil. After exposure, the samples were evaluated for a change in weight and a change in absorption in boiling water. Changes in the surface topography of the samples were evaluated using a light microscope.
Analysis of forming capacity of HCT490X and DX57D depending on strain rate
Authors: Novák V , Valeš M , Tatíček F , Šanovec J , Chrášt’anský L 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
To evaluate the forming capacity in sheet metal forming, experimentally determined Forming Limit Curves (FLC) are often used. These curves represent the forming limits of a material. The most widely used approach to experimentally determine the onset of necking of sheet metals is formulated in EN ISO 12004-2. The first goal of this work is to investigate the limit strains for dual-phase steel HCT490X (commonly referred to as DP500) with a nominal thickness of 0.6 mm and deep drawing steel DX57D with a nominal thickness of 0.7 mm. The second goal is to evaluate the influence of punch speed (resulting in strain rate) on the position of forming limit curve for materials HCT490X and DX57D. The FLC curve is measured with the Nakajima test on a universal testing machine BUP 600. The test setup and the shape of the specimens follow EN ISO 12004-2. The stochastic, isotropic, and high contrast pattern was applied on the specimens and was measured using a 3D photogrammetric system ARAMIS by GOM. The punch movement velocity was gradually changed, and the experimentally measured results are compared with numerical simulation in AutoForm Forming R8.
Evaluation of Endovascular Therapy for Unilateral Atherosclerotic Renal Artery Stenosis Using Measurements of Differential Renal Function
Authors: Zhou You , Kou Lei , Yang Yao-guo , Jiao Jian , Tang Xiao-bin , Wu Zhang-min , Liu Hui , Wang Sheng , Chen Zhong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
To evaluate the efficacy of endovascular therapy in patients with unilateral arteriosclerotic renal artery stenosis using nuclide renal dynamic imaging and to analyze the influencing factors that may affect the renal function.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was made on 60 patients with &gt;70% unilateral arteriosclerotic renal artery stenosis who underwent renal artery stent implantation. Serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, renal artery color Doppler ultrasonography, and renal dynamic imaging results were obtained before and after 1 year of operation. A regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors.

Results
All patients underwent balloon dilatation and stenting of the affected renal artery. The immediate intervention success rate was 100%. The residual stenosis of the affected renal artery was less than 20%. No serious complications occurred during the perioperative period. After operation, systolic blood and diastolic blood pressures were improved (P &lt; 0.01), the serum creatinine was stable (P = 0.25), and the degree of renal artery stenosis of the affected side was relieved significantly (P &lt; 0.01). One year after operation, the patency rate of renal artery stent was 85%. Based on the changes of differential glomerular filtration rate of the affected side, 40 patients (66.7%) were improved while 20 patients (33.3%) were not. A linear regression analysis showed that the renal insufficiency of the affected side before operation was the only significant influencing factor (B = 0.50, P &lt; 0.01).

Conclusions
Renal artery stenting is safe and effective in the treatment of unilateral renal artery stenosis. One-year patency rate is 85%. Two-thirds of the patients have an improved renal function after operation. The patients with preoperative renal insufficiency of affected side are more likely to benefit from renal artery stenting.
Histopathological Evaluation of Deceased Persons in Lusaka, Zambia With or Without Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection: Results Obtained From Minimally Invasive Tissue Sampling
Authors: Mudenda Victor , Mumba Chibamba , Pieciak Rachel C , Mwananyanda Lawrence , Chimoga Charles , Ngoma Benard , Mupila Zacharia , Kwenda Geoffrey , Forman Leah , Lapidot Rotem , MacLeod William B , Thea Donald M , Gill Christopher J 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Although much has been learned about the pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections, pathology data from patients who have died of COVID-19 in low- and middle-income country settings remain sparse. We integrated minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS) into an ongoing postmortem surveillance study of COVID-19 in deceased individuals of all ages in Lusaka, Zambia.

Methods
We enrolled deceased subjects from the University Teaching Hospital Morgue in Lusaka, Zambia within 48 hours of death. We collected clinical and demographic information, a nasopharyngeal swab, and core tissue biopsies from the lung, liver, and kidneys for pathologic analysis. Individuals were considered eligible for MITS if they had a respiratory syndrome prior to death or a COVID-19+ polymerase chain reaction (PCR) nasopharyngeal swab specimen. Samples were retested using quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR.

Results
From June to September 2020 we performed MITS on 29 deceased individuals. PCR results were available for 28/29 (96.5%) cases. Three had a COVID-19+ diagnosis antemortem, and 5 more were identified postmortem using the recommended cycle threshold cut-point &lt;40. When expanding the PCR threshold to 40 ≤ cycle threshold (Ct) ≤ 45, we identified 1 additional case. Most cases were male and occurred in the community The median age at death was 47 years (range 40–64). Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS, tuberculosis, and diabetes were more common among the COVID-19+ cases. Diffuse alveolar damage and interstitial pneumonitis were common among COVID-19+ cases; nonspecific findings of hepatic steatosis and acute kidney injury were also prevalent in the COVID-19+ group. Vascular thrombi were rarely detected.

Conclusions
Lung abnormalities typical of viral pneumonias were common among deceased COVID-19+ individuals, as were nonspecific findings in the liver and kidneys. Pulmonary vascular thrombi were rarely detected, which could be a limitation of the MITS technique. Nonetheless, MITS offers a valuable alternative to open autopsy for understanding pathological changes due to COVID-19.
On the Probability and Automatic Search of Rotational-XOR Cryptanalysis on ARX Ciphers
Authors: Huang Mingjiang , Xu Zhen , Wang Liming 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Rotational-XOR cryptanalysis is a very recent technique for ARX ciphers. In this paper, the probability propagation formula of RX-cryptanalysis in modular addition is extended, and the calculation of RX-difference probability for any rotation parameter ($0&lt;k&lt;n$) can be realized. By proposing a concept of RX-offset and constructing the corresponding distribution table, the propagation of RX-difference in modular addition can be derived from the propagation of XOR-difference. Combined with the improvement of the automatic search tool for XOR-differential characteristics of ARX ciphers, we only need to add one more operation in each round, i.e. traverse the possible value of RX-offset and XOR it with the output XOR-difference of modular addition, thus it can achieve the search for RX-differential characteristics. With this method, the RX-differential distinguisher of ARX-C primitives without or with linear key schedule can be searched. For the applications, we have obtained the third-party RX-cryptanalysis results for Alzette and CHAM for the first time as far as we know.
Couples’ Life Courses and Women’s Income in Later Life: A Multichannel Sequence Analysis of Linked Lives in Germany
Authors: Möhring Katja , Weiland Andreas P 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We examine how the life courses of couples in East and West Germany are linked to women’s income in later life using multichannel sequence analysis. By applying a couple perspective, we overcome the individualistic approach in most previous research analysing women’s old-age income. Detailed monthly information on spouses’ employment and earnings trajectories from age 20 to 50 for the birth cohorts 1925–1965 (N = 2020) stems from SHARE-RV, a data linkage of the administrative records of the German public pension insurance with the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). We identify seven clusters of couples’ life courses and link them to women’s absolute individual and relative household income in later life using a cohort comparison to identify trends over time. While in older cohorts, women in male-breadwinner type clusters achieve the lowest, and those in dual-earner type couples have the highest incomes, this relationship does no longer prevail in younger cohorts. Here, we identify a polarization in dual-earner and male-breadwinner type clusters. The former increasingly diverge into successful female-breadwinner constellations and those with both partners in marginalized careers. The latter polarize between persistent male-breadwinner constellations and those in which women increase their labor market engagement.
Heat Stress Affects the Physiological and Biochemical Quality of Dalbergia nigra Seeds in vitro
Authors: Medeiros Simões Ingridh , Oliveira Baptista Julcinara , Lins Monteiro Rosa Thuanny , de Mello Tamyris , de Araujo Caroline Palacio , de Lima Paula Aparecida Muniz , dos Anjos Breno Benvindo , de Oliveira João Paulo Bestete , Winckler Caldeira Marcos Vinicius , Campos Otoni Wagner , Sobreira Alexandre Rodrigo , Carlos Lopes José 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The jacaranda of Bahia (Dalbergia nigra (Vell.) Allemão ex Benth) is an endemic tree of a Brazilian neotropical biodiversity hotspot and is of great ecological and economic interest. Given the threat of extinction due to timber overexploitation and climate change, the present study aimed to analyze the physiological and biochemical quality of D. nigra seeds exposed to heat stress. The seeds were sown in a test tube containing woody plant culture medium, kept in a biochemical oxygen demand chamber at 45°C for 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours, and then maintained in the same chamber at 25°C for 30 days. Physiological analyses of moisture, electrical conductivity, germination speed index, normal and abnormal seedlings, seedling length, root length, hypocotyl length, collar diameter, seedling and root dry mass, and Dickson quality index revealed a drop in germination and vigor with prolonged heat stress, dropping from 95% to 0% between 0 and 96 hours. This was accompanied by a reduction in the content of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Therefore, the vigor and quality of seedlings is negatively influenced by exposure to heat stress at 45°C.
A draft genome assembly for the eastern fox squirrel,Sciurus niger
Authors: Kang Lin , Michalak Pawel , Hallerman Eric , Moncrief Nancy D 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe eastern fox squirrel, Sciurus niger, exhibits marked geographic variation in size and coat color, is a model organism for studies of behavior and ecology, and a potential model for investigating physiological solutions to human porphyrias. We assembled a genome using Illumina HiSeq, PacBio SMRT, and Oxford Nanopore MinION sequencing platforms. Together, the sequencing data resulted in a draft genome of 2.99 Gb, containing 32,830 scaffolds with an average size of 90.9 Kb and N50 of 183.8 Kb. Genome completeness was estimated to be 93.78%. A total of 24,443 protein-encoding genes were predicted from the assembly and 23,079 (94.42%) were annotated. Repeat elements comprised an estimated 38.49% of the genome, with the majority being LINEs (13.92%), SINEs (6.04%), and LTR elements. The topology of the species tree reconstructed using maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analysis was congruent with those of previous studies. This genome assembly can prove useful for comparative studies of genome structure and function in this rapidly diversifying lineage of mammals, for studies of population genomics and adaptation, and for biomedical research. Predicted amino acid sequence alignments for genes affecting heme biosynthesis, color vision, and hibernation showed point mutations and indels that may affect protein function and ecological adaptation.
Measuring the effects of prenatal care on child birth weight in Cameroon
Authors: Liliane Odette Medjo Obia 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Low birth weight continues to be a significant public health problem worldwide with a range of short- and long-term consequences. However, the analysis of its determinants remains a less addressed issue in sub-Saharan African countries despite the poor child health indicators observed there. The objective of this study is to examine the effects of prenatal care on child birth weight in Cameroon, using data from the fifth Demographic and Health Survey. For this purpose, we use a system of simultaneous equations that takes into account potential endogeneity and sample selection bias. Two measures of prenatal care are used in this study, namely, adequacy and quality. Estimation of the birth weight production function using the instrumental variable two-stage least square approach reveals that adequate prenatal care increases the child’s birth weight by 882.84 g. Also an increase in the quality of prenatal care by one unit improves the child’s birth weight by 147.79 g. Thus, despite the fact that prenatal care in Cameroon suffers from some shortcomings as regards to the standards recommended by the World Health Organization, it remains a key factor for the improvement of neonatal health outcomes in this country.
‘Heaven-Bound Dung Beetles’: Gregory of Nazianzus and the Ordination of Slaves in the Early Church
Authors: Pigott Justin M 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Gregory of Nazianzus considered the entry of slaves and freedmen into the clergy as debasing the church, calling bishops drawn from slave stock ‘heaven-bound dung beetles’. Such sentiments were shared by the broader church hierarchy and imperial government of the day with council canons, episcopal rescripts, and imperial laws all prohibiting the ordination of slaves. Yet, the ordination of unfree men was widespread. Indeed, we find Gregory himself complicit in the ordination of the slave of a Cappadocian noblewomen named Simplicia. This prompts two interlinked questions that have garnered little attention. Why was the ordination of slaves and freedmen so problematic for the post-Constantinian church, and what were the drivers that led men such as Gregory to ignore its prohibition? Approaching these questions through a close reading of Gregory’s dispute with Simplicia, we find that within the negotiation between traditional Roman practices and the new Christian narratives of the later Roman empire, the ordination of slaves posed a unique threat to the stability of both the church and state. However, it also becomes clear that despite the potential for social destabilization, slave ordination proved to be an all-too-tempting recruitment strategy for ecclesiasts operating within a crowded religious marketplace.
Migration and development in Ethiopia: Exploring the mechanisms behind an emerging mobility transition
Authors: Schewel Kerilyn , Asmamaw Legass Bahir 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article examines the impact of Ethiopia’s historical development on the nature, volume, and direction of internal and international migration. We describe three important trends associated with an emerging ‘mobility transition’: the sedentarization of nomadic and semi-nomadic populations; the urbanization of internal migration trajectories; and the diversification of international migration. Within these overarching trends, we discuss periods of political conflict, resettlement, and famine that led to significant internal and international displacement. We then explore the drivers of these mobility shifts, evaluating the relative influence of various political, economic, cultural, and technological developments on migration patterns over time. Our analyses distinguish between the deep drivers of an emerging mobility transition (e.g. nation-state formation, rising educational attainment, infrastructure development, and industrialization) and the drivers of displacement (e.g. political conflict or resettlement programs) that can suddenly affect the movements of large population segments. This detailed case study contributes to a growing body of research on the ‘mobility transition’ by revealing how a society’s entire mobility complex changes—not only levels of international migration—as the social transformations associated with modern-day development proceed.
Adult-onset Still’s disease or systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis and spondyloarthritis: overlapping syndrome or phenotype shift?
Authors: Mitrovic Stéphane , Hassold Nolan , Kamissoko Aly , Rosine Nicolas , Mathian Alexis , Mercy Guillaume , Pertuiset Edouard , Nocturne Gaëtane , Fautrel Bruno , Koné-Paut Isabelle 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Systemic-onset JIA (SJIA) and adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD) are the same sporadic systemic auto-inflammatory disease. SpA is a group of inflammatory non-autoimmune disorders. We report the observations of eight patients with SJIA/AOSD who also presented features of SpA during their disease evolution and estimate the prevalence of SpA in SJIA/AOSD.

Methods
This was a retrospective national survey of departments of paediatric and adult rheumatology and internal medicine. To be included, SJIA patients had to fulfil the ILAR criteria, AOSD patients the Yamaguchi or Fautrel criteria, and all patients the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society (ASAS) classification criteria for axial or peripheral SpA, ESSG criteria for SpA or Classification Criteria for Psoriatic Arthritis (CASPAR) criteria for PsA. The data were collected with a standardized form.

Results
Eight patients (five adults) were identified in one paediatric and two adult departments. In all but one patient, SpA manifestations occurred several years after SJIA/AOSD onset [mean (s.d.) delay 6.2 (3.8) years]. Two patients had peripheral and three axial SpA, and four later exhibited PsA and one SAPHO syndrome. The prevalence of SpA in an adult cohort of 76 patients with AOSD was 6.58% (95% CI 2.17, 14.69), greater than the prevalence of SpA in the French general population (0.3%; 95% CI 0.17, 0.46). The prevalence of SpA in an SJIA cohort of 30 patients was 10% (95% CI 2.11, 26.53), more than that reported in the general population of industrialized countries, estimated at 0.016–0.15%.

Conclusion
While the temporal disassociation between SpA and AOSD in most cases might suggest a coincidental finding, our work raises the possibility of an SpA/AOSD spectrum overlap that needs further study.