bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of fabric–mortar interfacial adhesion by particle decoration: insights from pull-off measurements
Authors: Birenboim Matan , Alatawna Amr , Sripada Raghu , Nahum Lior , Cullari Lucas Luciano , Peled Alva , Regev Oren 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPolymer-impregnated carbon fabric is used as an alternative to metallic reinforcement bars in cementitious materials, which is then termed textile-reinforced concrete (TRC). In this study, the bond strength between the cement-based matrix and the fabric was enhanced by decorating the polymer (an epoxy) coating the carbon fabric with hydrophilic micron-size particles (cement or silica) or nanocarbons (functionalized carbon nanotubes or graphene oxide). Cement powder decoration led to a 25% increase in the bond strength (measured by a pull-off test) and a 30% improvement in the mechanical properties of the composite. At the micron scale, the decoration resulted in the formation of a 100-μm thick interlayer between the decorated fabric and the cement-based matrix. Unexpectedly, exposure of the cement-decorated samples to a NaCl environment (as in off-shore constructions) resulted in enhanced bond strength due to the growth of salt crystals at the fabric–matrix interface.
A Community of Practice Approach to Planning Water Sensitive Cities in South Africa
Authors: Carden Kirsty , Fell Jessica 
Published: October 2021

As South African cities urbanise alongside climate change, resource constraints, and socio-economic challenges, water sensitive (urban) design (WSD) is slowly gaining traction as a framework to address water security goals and entrench resilience. This article reflects on the progression of WSD in South Africa and discusses the broadening of its initial association with stormwater and physical infrastructure to include critical governance and institutional arrangements and social engagements at the core of a water sensitive transition. The approach is being adapted for the socio-economic challenges particular to South Africa, including basic urban water and sanitation service provision, WSD related skills shortages, a lack of spatial planning support for WSD, and the need for enabling policy. Since 2014, a national WSD Community of Practice (CoP) has been a key driver in entrenching and advancing this approach and ensuring that the necessary stakeholders are involved and sufficiently skilled. The WSD CoP is aimed at promoting an integrative approach to planning water sensitive cities, bridging the gaps between theory and practice and blending the social and physical sciences and silo divisions within local municipalities. Three South African examples are presented to illustrate the role of a CoP approach with social learning aspects that support WSD : (1) the “Pathways to water resilient South African cities” interdisciplinary project which shows the institutional (policy) foundation for the integration of WSD into city water planning and management processes; (2) the Sustainable Drainage Systems training programme in the province of Gauteng which demonstrates a skills audit and training initiative as part of an intergovernmental skills development programme with academic partners; and (3) a working group that is being established between the Institute for Landscape Architecture in South Africa and the South African Institution of Civil Engineering which illustrates the challenges and efforts of key professions working together to build WSD capacity.
Prototipe Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation
Authors: Firjatullah Firman , Irfan Muhammad 
Published: October 2021

Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulator merupakan alat kedokteran yang berfungsi untuk terapi. Alat ini bekerja dengan cara memberikan arus listrik melalui kepala pasien untuk mengobati insomnia, depresi dan ansietas (anxiety) melalui elektroda yang dipasang pada daun telinga (earlobes) dengan menggunakan arus listrik yang sangat rendah. Adanya sifat arus kelistrikan pada tubuh manusia memungkinkan kita dapat memberikan rangsangan ke dalam tubuh manusia secara langsung. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan Prototype Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation yang diharapkan dapat mengatasi penyakit depresi, insomnia dan ansietas. Prototipe Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation menggunakan elektroda earclip sebagai media output terapi dan OLED 96 inch sebagai display timer dan menu. Rangkaian utama Prototipe Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation terdiri dari rangkaian minimum sistem ATMega328P, rangkaian pembangkit frekuensi, dan rangkaian battery level. Pada pengujian frekuensi output didapatkan hasil rata-rata nilai frekuensi sebesar 0,5021 Hz dengan persentase error sebesar 0,42 %. Pada pengujian arus didapatkan range rata-rata sebesar 68,15 µA-744,9 µA dengan rata-rata arus titik default sebesar 100,2 µA. Pada pengujian lain seperti pengujian spesifikasi gelombang dan kepresisian timer diketahui jenis gelombang berupa gelombang kotak dengan tinggi gelombang 9 Vp dan durasi positif 400 ms - 500 ms, timer pada alat pun sangat presisi karena tidak memiliki nilai error lebih dari 1 detik.
Aplicación de las TIC y realidad aumentada como iniciativa para la puesta en valor del patrimonio arquitectónico. Estudios de casos españoles para su posible implementación en contextos patrimoniales costarricenses
Authors: Agüero-Bravo Fernandi 
Published: October 2021

La realidad aumentada es una tecnología que ha sido ampliamente desarrollada para fines académicos, educativos y de entretenimiento, algunos países se han valido de esta tecnología para promover la cultura y el turismo urbano en sitios patrimoniales; no obstante, al ser una herramienta con poca exploración en el país, la investigación teórica y aplicada en este campo facilitaría su consolidación en Costa Rica para la puesta en valor del patrimonio arquitectónico.
El presente artículo, a partir de la metodología de estudios de casos, tiene por objetivo evaluar el funcionamiento, propuesta y difusión de aplicaciones móviles que utilizan las TIC para el desarrollo turístico de entornos con interés patrimonial. La evaluación parte de una serie de entrevistas realizadas a expertos de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid quienes permitieron definir los criterios y posteriormente, se analizaron en campo el funcionamiento de aplicaciones en las ciudades de Segovia, Toledo y Barcelona, ciudades que utilizan estas nuevas tecnologías, para ofrecer, desarrollar y promover su patrimonio cultural. Como principal conclusión, a partir de dicho análisis se elaboró una serie de conclusiones y recomendaciones para su posible implementación en entornos patrimoniales.
Minimum Clinically Important Difference
Authors: Karhade Aditya V. , Bono Christopher M. , Schwab Joseph H. , Tobert Daniel G. 
Published: October 2021

➤ As the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) is increasingly utilized in orthopaedic research and clinical practice, there is not a consensus regarding the minimum clinically important difference (MCID) calculation.➤ The varied MCID calculation methods can lead to a range of possible values, which limits the translatability of research efforts.➤ The completion rate and follow-up period also influence MCID values and should be reported alongside study results.
COVID-19 Masked by Pyogenic Lumbar Discitis and Bacteremia
Authors: Tanaka Masashi , Takahashi Shinobu , Ishibe Tatsuya , Masuda Naoya 
Published: October 2021

Case:
A 65-year-old man experienced backache, and 9 days later, he developed cellulitis in his left foot. On the 20th day, his body temperature was 37°C, and he had intermittent and shallow cough. On the 29th day, he was diagnosed with pyogenic lumbar discitis and bacteremia. Computed tomography examinations showed no evidence of pneumonia, but his cough persisted, and an elevated d-dimer level was observed. Finally, he tested positive for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Conclusions:
This case shows possible associations among COVID-19, venous thrombosis, cellulitis, and bacteremia. Other infections may coexist with COVID-19 and mask it.
Water Saturation Calculation and Fracture Type Identification of a Buried Hill Fractured Reservoir
Authors: Li Zhaoping , Zhao Bin , Gao Chuqiao , Wu Jinbo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A buried hill reservoir is a special type of bedrock reservoir, in which fractures are the important reservoir space and main percolation path. However, due to the characteristics of the buried hill reservoir such as deep burial depth and high formation pressure, the fracture width of deep formation is generally in micron level, and the randomness of spatial development brings great difficulties to logging identification and reservoir parameter calculation. Based on the fracture porosity and saturation model of the dual pore model, this paper puts forward the theory of identifying fracture type of buried hill fractured reservoir by using conductivity efficiency. The results show that (1) the fracture angle has no effect on the conductivity efficiency. And we cannot distinguish a high-angle fracture from a low-angle fracture by conductivity efficiency. (2) The values of porosity and water saturation are not directly related to the conductivity efficiency. But porosity and water saturation will affect the connectivity of water in the reservoir and indirectly affect the conductivity efficiency. (3) The conductivity efficiency of the network fracture is usually less than that of the dissolution fracture.
Tectonic-Lithofacies Paleogeography and Sizeable Reservoir Potential in the Early Cambrian Postrift Depressed Carbonate Ramp, Tarim Basin, NW China
Authors: Zhu Yongjin , Zheng Jianfeng , Cao Peng , Qiao Zhanfeng , Yu Guang , Liu LingLi , Huang LiLi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The carbonate ramps developed at the postrift depositional stage have become a major field of ultradeep hydrocarbon exploration. Taking the Lower Cambrian Xiaoerblak Formation in the Tarim Basin as an example, the paleotectonic framework and lithofacies paleogeography response, reservoir distribution, and internal architecture difference were systematically analysed based on the data of newly processed 42 2D seismic lines, 9 outcrops, and 22 wells. The results show that (1) the palaeotectonic framework with three palaeohighs and two topographic lows (abbreviated to “TPTT”) dominated the differentiation in the ramp system (association) at the Xiaoerblak depositional stage. High-energy grain shoals and mounds occurred around the palaeohighs, and the sediment composition was further complicated by ancient ocean currents. Three subtypes of ramp are recognized: the slope-plateau ramp dominated by grain shoal on the northern margin of the paleohigh of the southwestern Tarim, homocline ramp dominated by the mound-shoal complex on the Keping-Wensu area lower high, and isolated island type in the Lunnan-Yaha lower high. (2) Xiaoerblak reservoirs mainly occur in the high-energy facies belts in the middle ramps around the palaeohighs because original pores were effectively preserved in early dolomitization and reconstructed at the burial stage. Reservoirs are predicted to mainly distribute in the high-energy mound-shoal zones around three palaeohighs (low uplifts) with an area of 9×104 km2. Different ramp systems show different reservoir properties. There are mainly type II reservoirs (porosity range of 1.8-4.5%, permeability range of 0.5-10×10−3 μm2) with sustained distribution and the largest size in the grain shoals at the slope-plateau ramp, which may be the potential favorable hydrocarbon exploration zone. Based on the example anatomy, the differentiation in the carbonate ramp systems forming at the postrift subsidence stage was structurally dominated. This means that it is crucial to deepen the understanding of the presedimentation palaeotectonic framework for the prediction of promising reservoirs and assessment of reservoir properties.
Intelligent Parameter Inversion of Fractional-Order Model Based on BP Neural Network
Authors: Gao Renbo , Wu Fei , Li Cunbao , Chen Jie , Ji ChenXin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo explore creep parameters and creep characteristics of salt rock, an Ansys numerical model of salt rock sample was established by using fractional creep constitutive model of salt rock, and an orthogonal test scheme was designed based on uniaxial compression test of salt rock samples. A large number of training data were obtained by combining the numerical model with the experimental scheme, and the model parameters were inverted by using the BP neural network. The model parameters are used for forwarding calculation, and the results are in good agreement with the measured strain data. This shows that the model parameter inversion method proposed in this paper can obtain reasonable parameter values and then accurately predict the creep behaviour of salt rock, which provides a good technical basis for related engineering practice and scientific research in the future.
A Massively Parallel Reservoir Simulator on the GPU Architecture
Authors: Middya Usuf , Manea Abdulrahman , Alhubail Maitham , Ferguson Todd , Byer Thomas , Dogru Ali 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Reservoir simulation computational costs have been continuously growing due to high-resolution reservoir characterization, increasing model complexity, and uncertainty analysis workflows. Reducing simulation costs by upscaling is often necessary for operational requirements. Fast evolving High-Performance-Computing (HPC) technologies offer opportunities to reduce cost without compromising fidelity.
This work presents a novel in-house massively parallel full-physics reservoir simulator running on the emerging graphics processing unit (GPU) architecture. Almost all the simulation kernels have been designed and implemented to honor the GPU single insruction, multiple data (SIMD) programming paradigm. These kernels include physical property calculations, phase equilibrium computations, Jacobian construction, linear and nonlinear solvers, and wells. Novel techniques are devised in various kernels to expose enough parallelism to ensure that the control and data-flow patterns are well suited for the GPU environment. Mixed-precision computation is also employed when appropriate (e.g., in derivative calculation) to reduce computational costs without compromising the solution accuracy.
The GPU implementation of the simulator is tested and benchmarked using various reservoir models, ranging from the synthetic SPE10 Benchmark (Christie & Blunt, 2001) to several industrial-scale models. These real field models range in size from tens of millions to hundreds of millions of cells with black-oil and multicomponent compositional fluid. The GPU simulator is benchmarked on the IBM AC922 massively parallel architecture having tens of Nvidia Volta V100 GPUs. To compare performance with CPU architectures, an optimized CPU implementation of the simulator is benchmarked on the IBM AC922 CPUs and on a cluster consisting of thousands of Intel Haswell-EP Xeon® CPU E5-2680 v3. Detailed analysis of several numerical experiments comparing the simulator performance on the GPU and the CPU architectures is presented. In almost all of the cases, the analysis shows that the use of hardware acceleration offers substantial benefits in terms of wall time and power consumption.
This novel in-house full-physics, black-oil and compositional reservoir simulator employs several novel techniques in various simulation kernels to ensure full utilization of the GPU resources. Detailed analysis is presented to highlight the simulator performance in terms of runtime reduction, parallel scalability and power savings.
Local Equilibrium Mechanistic Simulation of CO2-Foam Flooding
Authors: Almajid Muhammad Majid , AlYousef Zuhair A. , Swaie Othman S. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Mechanistic modeling of the non-Newtonian CO2-foam flow in porous media is a challenging task that is computationally expensive due to abrupt gas mobility changes. The objective of this paper is to present a local equilibrium (LE) CO2-foam mechanistic model, which could alleviate some of the computational cost, and its implementation in the Matlab Reservoir Simulation Tool (MRST). Interweaving the LE-foam model into MRST enables users quick prototyping and testing of new ideas and/or mechanistic expressions.
We use MRST, the open source tool available from SINTEF, to implement our LE-foam model. The model utilizes MRST automatic differentiation capability to compute the fluxes as well as the saturations of the aqueous and the gaseous phases at each Newton iteration. These computed variables and fluxes are then fed into the LE-foam model that estimates the bubble density (number of bubbles per unit volume of gas) in each grid block. Finally, the estimated bubble density at each grid block is used to readjust the gaseous phase mobility until convergence is achieved.
Unlike the full-physics model, the LE-foam model does not add a population balance equation for the flowing bubbles. The developed LE-foam model, therefore, does not add much computational cost to solving a black oil system of equations as it uses the information from each Newton iteration to adjust the gas mobility. Our model is able to match experimental transient foam flooding results from the literature. The chosen flowing foam fraction (Xf) formula dictates to a large extent the behavior of the solution. An appropriate formula for Xf needs to be chosen such that our simulations are more predictive.
The work described in this paper could help in prototyping various ideas about generation and coalescence of bubbles as well as any other correlations used in any population balance model. The chosen model can then be used to predict foam flow and estimate economic value of any foam pilot project.
Semi-Elimination Methodology for Simulating High Flow Features in a Reservoir
Authors: Yang Yahan , Samii Ali , Zhao Zhenlong , Ren Guotong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Despite the rapid rise of computing power and advances in computational techniques in past decades, it is still challenging in reservoir simulation to model complex and detailed features that are represented by small cells with large permeability values, for example, fractures, multi-segment wells, etc. While those features may carry a large amount of flow and thus have a significant impact on the performance prediction, the combination of small volume and large permeability unfortunately leads to well-known time stepping and convergence difficulties during Newton iteration.
We address this issue of high flow through small cells by developing a new semi-elimination computational technique. At the beginning of simulation, we construct a set of pressure basis which is a mapping from pressures at surrounding cells in the bulk of reservoir to pressures at those small cells. Next, we start the time-stepping scheme. For each time step or iteration within a time step, small cells are first employed to provide an accurate computation of flow rates and derivatives using upstream weighting and a flow partitioning scheme. Afterwards, small cells are eliminated and a linear system of equations is assembled and solved involving only bulk cells.
This semi-elimination technique allows us to fundamentally avoid the drawbacks caused by including small cells in the global system of equations, while capturing their effect on the flow of hydrocarbon in the reservoir. One of the advantages of the proposed techniques over other existing methods is that it is fully implicit and preserves upstream weighting and compositions of the flow field even after small cells are eliminated, which enhances numerical stability and accuracy of simulation results. Application of this technique to several synthetic and field models demonstrates significant performance and accuracy improvement over standard approaches. This method thus offers a practical way to model complex and dynamic flow behaviors in important features without incurring penalties in speed and robustness of the simulation.
An Optimization-Based Facility Network Solver for Well Allocation in Reservoir Simulation
Authors: Wiegand K. , Zaretskiy Y. , Mukundakrishnan K. , Patacchini L. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
When coupling reservoir simulators to surface network solvers, an often used strategy is to perform a rule or priority-driven allocation based on individual well and group constraints, augmented by back-pressure constraints computed periodically by the network solver. The allocation algorithm uses an iteration that applies well-established heuristics in a sequential manner until all constraints are met. The rationale for this approach is simply to maximize performance and simulation throughput; one of its drawbacks is that the computed allocation may not be feasible with respect to the overall network balance, especially in cases where not all wells can be choked individually. In the work presented here, the authors integrate the well allocation process into the network flow solver, in the form of an optimization engine, to ensure that the solution conforms to the network rate and pressure balance equations. Results for three stand-alone test cases are discussed.
Grid Quality Measures for PEBI Grids
Authors: Mishev Ilya , Rin Ruslan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Combining the Perpendicular Bisector (PEBI) grids with the Two Point Flux Approximation (TPFA) scheme demonstrates a potential to accurately model on unstructured grids, conforming to the geological and engineering features of real grids. However, with the increased complexity and resolution of the grids, the PEBI conditions will inevitably be violated in some cells and the approximation properties will be compromised. The objective is to develop accurate and practical grid quality measures that quantify such errors.
We critically evaluated the existing grid quality measures and found them lacking predictive power in several areas. The available k-orthogonality measures predict error for flow along the strata, although TPFA provides an accurate approximation. The false-positive results are not only misleading but can overwhelm further analysis. We developed the so-called "truncation error" grid measure which is probably the most accurate measure for flow through a plane face and accurately measures the error along the strata. We also quantified the error due to the face curvature. Curved faces are bound to exist in any real grid.
The impact of the quality of the 2-D Delaunay triangulation on TPFA approximation properties is usually not taken into account. We investigate the impact of the size of the smallest angles that can cause considerable increase of the condition number of the matrix and an eventual loss of accuracy, demonstrated with simple examples. Based on the analysis, we provide recommendations. We also show how the size of the largest angles impacts the approximation quality of TPFA. Furthermore, we discuss the impact of the change of the permeability on the TPFA approximation. Finally, we present simple tools that reservoir engineers can use to incorporate the above-mentioned grid quality measures into a workflow. The grid quality measures discussed up to now are static. We also sketch the further extension to dynamic measures, that is, how the static measures can be used to detect change in the flow behavior, potentially leading to increased error.
We investigate a comprehensive set of methods, several of them new, to measure the static grid quality of TPFA on PEBI grids and possible extension to dynamic measures. All measures can be easily implemented in production reservoir simulators and examined using the suggested tools in a workflow.