bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Vasodilator And Immunosuppressive Therapy On The Endothelial Dysfunction In Patients With Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Bhattacharjee Dipanjan , Mondal Sumantro , Saha Ayindrila , Misra Sanchaita , Chatterjee Sudipta , Rao Ankur , Sarkar Avik , Chatterjee Sulagna , Sinhamahapatra Pradyot , Ghosh Alakendu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: A comparative analysis of flow-mediated-vasodilation (FMD), vasoactive angiogenic, and fibrogenic mediators between treatment-naive and treated Systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients is an unmet need.Aim and Objective: 1) To assess the FMD and different pathogenic mediators in SSc patients [treatment naïve (Group-I, n=24) on vasodilator (Group-II, n=10), on vasodilator + immunosuppressive (Group-III, n=22)], and in healthy control (HC), n= 20]. To assess the proportion of circulating Endothelial cells in Group-I.Materials and method: FMD was measured in all the participants. Serum levels of NO, ET1, NO/ET1, sVCAM, sICAM, TGFβ, IL-6, VEGF were measured along with the gene expressions of eNOS, iNOS, ET-1, TGFβ. CEC was measured in Group-I and HC. Results: FMD was significantly decreased in all SSc patients though receiving treatment.Upregulation of serum NO and ET concentrations were noted post-treatment with an unaltered NO/ET1 ratio. NO was positively correlated with FMD (r= 0.6), and negatively with TGFβ (r=-0.5). ET-1 showed less correlation with TGFβ (r=-0.5) but no significant correlation with FMD. Circulating endothelial cell (CEC) was significantly higher in Group-I (3.2%) than HC (0.8%) (p = 0.002), and it showed a good correlation with NO (r=-0.7, p=0.0001) and NO/ET1 (r=-0.6,p=0.007).Conclusion: Endothelial dysfunction was seen in SSc patients irrespective of treatment which might be due to the unaltered NO/ET1. NO might be the major driving molecule in the vascular pathophysiology of SSc.
Location, Area, Curvature and Temporal Trends of Coral Sea Tropical Cyclone Tracks, Over 50 Years
Authors: Miller John , Silva Guilherme Vieira da , Strauss Darrell 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Tropical Cyclones (TCs) with genesis in the Coral Sea, often near the east coast of Australia, present significant hazards to coastal regions in their surroundings. There has, therefore, been significant recent efforts to extract information from records of their historical tracks in order to help predict their future behaviour in the light of a changing climate. In this study, the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) database of TC tracks over the last fifty years were grouped based on K-means clustering of the maximum wind-weighted centroids. Track shape variance and track curvature (sinuosity) were assessed. Three well defined clusters of TC tracks were identified, and the results showed predominant directions of TC movement by cluster. Track sinuosity was shown to increase from east to west. Only one cluster showed a statistically significant trend (decreasing) in TC frequency. The concept of TC power dissipation index (PDI) was introduced, revealing that two of the clusters have diverging trends for PDI post 2004. The location of cyclone maximum intensity (LMI) was trended, and only one cluster showed a statistically significant trend (towards the equator) for LMI. All these findings demonstrated a clear variance in risk between the clusters and suggests that this method of cluster analysis is a useful and productive complementary tool when establishing future impacts of TCs - the method identifies divergent TC characteristics and trends at a finer scale (cluster) level which then aids in assigning specific and differing TC risk mitigation strategies to different areas of the Australian east coast.
Tourism Status and Sources of Income to Local Communities Amidst COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Implications in Biodiversity Conservation in Burunge Wildlife Management Area in Tanzania
Authors: Chebby Francis , Mmbaga Naza , Ngongolo Kelvin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUNDThe COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in various negative repercussions worldwide in terms of biological conservation, the tourism sector and socioeconomic welfare. The purpose of this study was to assess and understand the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on socio-economic activities, income from the tourism sector, alternative sources of income adapted by the local communities adjacent to the Burunge Wildlife Management Area (WMA) as a means of survival, and its implications for biodiversity conservation. To assess tourism status, socio-economic activities and alternative livelihoods, interviews, semi-structured questionnaires, focus group discussions (FGDs), and key informants’ consultations were conducted on 264 respondents, of whom 53% (n = 140) were men and 47% (n = 124) were women. Secondary data were synthesized from soft and hard copy reports through an extensive literature search in order to comprehend the implications of COVID-19 and alternative livelihoods in biodiversity conservation. RESULTSThe results showed that 90.5% (239) of respondents reported being seriously affected by the emergence of COVID-19, while 9.5% (n = 25) were not affected by it. Some of the impacts of the COVID-19 as pointed out by the respondents included deflation 91.7% (n = 242), a decline in the number of customers 91.7% (n = 242), whereas others lost jobs 5.7% (n = 15). In the case of the Burunge WMA authority, revenue collection (mainly from the tourism sector) declined by 32.5% and 76.4% for the years 2019/20 and 2020/21, respectively, as compared to the revenue obtained in the year 2018/19 before COVID-19. During the pandemic, local communities adapted to several alternative sources of income, including fishing 9.5% (n = 25), Boda-Boda (motorcycle taxis) 3.4% (n = 9), agriculture 22.3% (n = 59), and livestock keeping 27.3% (n = 72).CONCLUSIONBased on the findings of this study, it is important for local communities, especially those adjacent to protected areas, to have diversified means of income that are environmentally and socially sustainable, such as fish farming and beekeeping, to reduce the impacts of unanticipated crises such as COVID-19.
Effect of Buoyancy Loads on the Tsunami Fragility of Reinforced Concrete Frames Including Consideration of Blow-out Slabs
Authors: Zoppo Marta Del , Rossetto Tiziana , Ludovico Marco Di , Prota Andrea 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Currently available performance-based methodologies for assessing the fragility of structures subjected to tsunami neglect the effects of tsunami-induced vertical loads due to internal buoyancy. This paper adopts a generalized methodology for the performance assessment of structures that integrates the effects of buoyancy loads on slabs during a tsunami inundation. The methodology is applied in the fragility assessment of three case-study frames (low, mid and high-rise), representative of existing masonry-infilled reinforced concrete (RC) buildings typical of Mediterranean region. The paper shows the effect of modelling buoyancy loads on damage evolution, structural performance and fragility curves associated with different structural damage mechanisms for RC frames with breakaway infill walls including consideration of blow-out slabs. The outcomes attest that the predominant failure mechanism of selected case-study is the brittle shear failure of seaward columns, which is slightly affected by buoyancy loads. When brittle failure is avoided, buoyancy loads significantly affect the damage evolution during a tsunami, especially in the case of structures with blow-out slabs. The rate of occurrence of slabs uplift failure increases with the number of stories of the building but only slightly affects the fragility curves of investigated structures. However, it can significantly increase their vulnerability, affecting both direct and indirect costs deriving from the repair of the damaged interior slabs.
AES Image Encryption
Authors: gaur paavni 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
An Image Encryption and Decryption Using AES (Advance Encryption Standard) Algorithm is proposed in the project. Due to increasing use of image in various field, it is very important to protect the confidential image data from unauthorized access. The design uses the iterative approach with block size of 128 bit and key size of 128, 192 or 256 bit. The numbers of round for key size of 256 bits is 14, for 128 bits is 10 and for 192 bits is 12. As secret key increases the security as well as complexity of the cryptography algorithms. In this paper , an algorithm in which the image is an input to AES Encryption to get the encrypted image and then input it to AES Decryption to get the original image is proposed and explained which will further be implemented by me.The paper shows the study in which a system could be used for effective image data encryption and key generation in diversified application areas, where sensitive and confidential data needs to be transmitted along with the image.
High prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Bacteria isolated from Municipal Solid Waste Dumpsite, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
Authors: Sitotaw Baye , Ayalew Fikremariam , Girma Abayeneh , Geta Kindu , Kibret Mulugeta 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
The emergence of antibiotic resistance (ABR) among environmental microbes has been challenging global health. ABR can be transferred to human-associated bacteria aggravating the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Due to poor solid waste disposal practices, municipal solid waste dumpsite (MSWDS) can be a reservoir for antimicrobial resistant microorganisms, such as bacteria. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of antibiotic resistance (ABR) bacteria at Bahir Dar city MSWDS.
Methods
Soil samples were collected from three randomly selected sites within the dumpsite from November 2020 to May 2021. Bacteria were isolated, identified and tested for ABR using standard procedures.
Results
In this study, 71 distinct colonies were isolated and identified to ten bacterial genera based on cultural characteristics and biochemical tests. The pooled antibiotic résistance rate was 85.9%. Resistance to the tested antibiotics ranged between 0% for erythromycin and 100% for amoxicillin among the bacterial isolates. High proportions of the isolates were found to be resistant to amoxicillin (100%), vancomycin (87%) and nalidixic acid (73.3%). Substantial proportions of the isolates were also resistant to Streptomycin (54.5%), sulfonamide (50%) and tetracycline (48.5%). On the other hand, high sensitivity rates to erythromycin (90.91%), ciprofloxacin (83.10%), chloramphenicol (77.46%) and gentamicin (63.49%) were recorded.
All isolates related to Staphylococcus spp., and most isolates related to Pseudomonas, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Enterococcus, Citrobacter, Shigella and Proteus species were resistant at least to one antibiotic drug. The overall multidrug resistance (MDR) rate was 49.3%, and a high rate of MDR was demonstrated among isolates related to Escherichia spp. (75%), Staphylococcus spp. (68.8%), Pseudomonas spp. (62.5%) and Klebsiella spp. (60%), where each isolate resisted at least 5 antibiotic drugs.
Conclusion
From the present study, it can be concluded that a high incidence of ABR exists in Bahir Dar city MSWDS. The occurrence of the high level of ABR to commonly used antibiotics in this study demands a proper waste management system, as well as surveillance programs to monitor for antimicrobial resistance determinants in municipal solid wastes. Moreover, detailed studies on the isolates and ABR genes will give a better insight into the prevalence of ABR in the waste dumpsite.
Facilitators and Barriers to Detection and Treatment of Depression, Anxiety and Experiences of Domestic Violence in Pregnant Women Attending Midwife Obstetric Units (MOUs) in Cape Town, South Africa: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Abrahams Zulfa , Boisits Sonet , Schneider Marguerite , Honikman Simone , Lund Crick 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
In South Africa, symptoms of common mental disorders (CMDs) such as depression and anxiety are highly prevalent during the perinatal period and linked to experiences of domestic violence. However, limited routine detection and treatment is available to pregnant women with these problems, even though evidence suggests that screening and treating CMDs during pregnancy improves the health and economic outcomes of mothers and their children, and has been suggested as a key approach to improving the health of perinatal women and children. We investigated facilitators and barriers of service-providers and service-users in detecting and treating pregnant women with symptoms of CMDs and experiences of domestic violence.
Methods
This study was conducted in four midwife obstetric units (MOUs) in Cape Town, South Africa, and in the NPOs providing community-based support in the communities surrounding the MOUs. Service-provider perspectives were informed by qualitative interviews with 37 healthcare workers providing care to pregnant women. Qualitative interviews with 38 pregnant women attending the same MOUs for their first antenatal care visit provided service-user perspectives.
Results
Facilitators identified included the availability of a mental health screening questionnaire and the perceived importance of detection and treatment by both service-providers and -users. Barriers contributing to the low detection rates included service-users concerns about the lack of confidentiality and feelings of shame related to experiences of domestic violence as well as service providers discomfort in dealing with mental health issues, their limited time available and heavy patient load. In addition, service-providers highlighted the lack of standardised referral pathways and the poor uptake of referrals by women with symptoms of depression and anxiety, or experiences of domestic violence
Conclusions
While the system-level barriers need to be addressed at a policy level, the patient- and provider-level barriers identified indicate the need to strengthen health systems by training antenatal care nurses to detect symptoms of CMDs and experiences of domestic violence in pregnant women, developing standardised referral pathways and training lay healthcare workers to provide treatment for mild symptoms of depression and anxiety.
Worse cardiovascular and renal outcome in male SLE patients: First sex study from the Swiss SLE Cohort Study
Authors: Mihailovic Jelena , Ribi Camillo , Chizzolini Carlo , Trendelenburg Marten , Von Kempis Johannes , Dahdal Suzan , Huynh-Do Uyen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in males is rare and poorly understood. Thus, still little is known about sex differences in SLE. We set out to identify sex differences regarding clinical manifestations as well as renal and cardiovascular outcomes of SLE. Methods: We analyzed patient data from the Swiss SLE Cohort Study. Cumulative clinical manifestations according to the updated American College of Rheumatology criteria were recorded at inclusion. Cardiovascular events were recorded within Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (SLICC-SDI). Renal failure was defined as eGFR<15 ml/min/1.73m2, initiation of renal replacement therapy or doubling of serum creatinine which were all assessed yearly or documented as end stage renal disease in SLICC-SDI. Risk differences were calculated using logistic regression and cox regression models. Results: We analyzed 93 men and 529 women with a median follow up time of 2 years. Males were significantly older at diagnosis (44.4 versus 33.1 years, p<0.001) and had less often arthritis (57% versus 74%, p=0.001) and dermatological disorders (61% versus 76%, p<0.01). In multivariate analysis female sex remained a significantly associated with arthritis and dermatological disorders. After adjusting for age, disease duration, ethnicity, time to diagnosis, medication and eGFR and SELENA SLEDAI at inclusion men had a significantly higher hazard ratio of 2.5 for renal failure (95% confidence interval (95%-CI) 1.1-6.0, p<0.04). Total SLICC-SDI Score was comparable. Men had significantly more coronary artery disease (CAD) (17% versus 4%, p<0.001) and myocardial infarction (10% versus 2%, p<0.01). In multivariate analysis, male sex remained a significant risk factor for CAD (odds ratio (OR) 5.6, 95%-CI 2.3-13.7, p<0.001) and myocardial infarction (OR 8.3, 95%-CI 2.1-32.6, p=0.002).Conclusion: This first sex study in a western European population demonstrates significant sex differences in SLE. Male sex is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events and renal failure in SLE. Potential etiological pathomechanisms such as hormonal or X-chromosomal factors remain to be further investigated.
Genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of free-living amoeba (Acanthamoeba and Naegleria) in treated and untreated water in the northeastern provinces of Iran
Authors: Sharifi Yousef , Ahmadi Omid , Hossini Farash Bibi Razieh , Khosravinia Nazgol , Fotouhi-Ardakani Reza , Moghaddas Elham , Berenji Fariba , Baradaran Ashkan , Poursheikhani Arash , Mirjalali Hamed , Zarean Mehdi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Free-living amoebae (FLA) are widely distributed protozoa in natural or man-made aquatic environments without the need for a host organism for survival. Several strains of FLA are known to be pathogenic. As of date, there is inadequate data on the geographical distribution of FLA in northeastern and northern Iran. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and genotype distribution of Acanthamoeba and Naegleria in drinking water and surface water samples in northern and northeastern Iran. A total of 60 water samples were collected and filtered from various sources for the presence of amoebae. DNA extraction was performed, and PCR confirmed the presence of FLA. PCR products were sequenced to identify the species/genotype. Phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic status constructed using MEGA X software. The findings on growth media showed 35% (21/60) and 26% (16/60) were positive for Acanthamoeba and Naegleria, respectively, while PCR analysis also obtained similar results. All isolates of Acanthamoeba were identified as T4 genotype. Poor water quality, as well as insufficient preservation and treatment, might indicate that chlorine disinfection is ineffective in removing contamination of amoebas in treated water samples. Therefore, regular water quality monitoring is essential to control amoeba's growth, reducing the risk of human infections with FLA.
One-pot Synthesis of Pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole Derivatives via Multicomponent Reactions (MCRs) and their Applications in Medicinal Chemistry
Authors: Biswas Swapan Kumar , Das Debasis 
Published: December 2021

Background:Many pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives display diverse biological activities and some of them are known as anticancer, analgesic, anticonvulsant, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, and anti-malarial agents. In recent years, easy convergent, multicomponent reactions (MCRs) have been adopted to make highly functionalizedpyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives of biological interest. The synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole (1,4-DHPP, 2), 2,4- dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole (2,4-DHPP, 3), 4-hydroxypyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole (4-HPP, 4) derivatives, 1,4,4-substitied pyranopyrazole (SPP, 5) were reported via two-, three-, four- and fivecomponent reactions (MCRs).Methods:This review article compiles the preparation of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives, and it highlights the applications of various pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives in medicinal chemistry.Results:Varieties of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives were achieved via “One-pot” multicomponent reactions (MCRs). Different reaction conditions in the presence of a catalyst or without catalysts were adapted to prepare the pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives.Conclusion:Biologically active pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives were prepared and used in drug discovery research.
Investigating the Impact of Cognitive-behavioral Stress Management on
Adjustment among Females with Breast Cancer
Authors: Jamshidi Farkhondeh , Shayan Arezoo , Sattari Mahtab 
Published: December 2021

Background and Aim:
This study aimed to investigate the effect of cognitive-behavioral
stress management (CBSM) on adjustment among females with breast cancer.

Materials and Methods:
This randomized clinical trial study was conducted on 104 women with
breast cancer who visited Hamedan Imam Khomeini Clinic between Feb 3 and Oct 26, 2016, and
met the inclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria included being 20 to 60 years old, being married,
and having grade 1-3 breast cancer with a history of recent surgery. The subjects were randomly assigned
to two groups of 52 subjects, using a permuted block size of 4. The intervention group participated
in 4 sessions of CBSM, each 90 minutes long, for a duration of 4 weeks. Data collection
was done using a demographic information questionnaire and Bell adjustment questionnaire. The
statistical analyst remained unaware of the intervention assignment. Data analysis was done using
descriptive statistics, paired t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA.

Results:
There was a significant difference in the mean scores of the total adjustment (P = 0,0001)
between the two groups after the intervention. Each variable was calculated three times, prior to
the intervention, immediately after and 2 weeks after the intervention. Regardless of the time of
measurement, there was a significant difference in the mean score of total adjustment between the
two groups (P = 0.0001).

Conclusion:
The cognitive-behavioral stress management program improved the adjustment immediately
and 2 weeks after the intervention was done among women with breast cancer. This method
can be implemented as a complementary approach along with medical therapies provided by oncology
centers.

Trial Registration:
This study was approved by the Student Research Center of Hamadan University
of Medical Sciences (proposal No. IRCT2016051224468N1, code of ethics:
IR.UMSHA.REC.1395.32).
Optimization and Validation of Polyherbal Formulation by Applying Boxbehnken Design for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Experimental Animals
Authors: Gandhi Tejal , Patel Bhagyabhumi , Patel Divya , Dalwadi Saloni , Thakkar Vaishali 
Published: December 2021

Background:The use of herbal medicine in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has increased significantly. Allopathic treatment of IBD leads to several side effects; therefore, the use of the herbal formulation is promising. Aegle Marmelos, Bombax malabericum, and Hollarrhena antidysentrica plants have been used to treat IBD.Objective:This study aimed to evaluate a designed polyherbal formulation in experimentally induced inflammatory bowel disease in rats and validate a mathematical model derived by Box-Behnken experimental design for optimized polyherbal formulation for the treatment of IBD in experimental rats by checkpoint analysis.Method:Three-level Box-Behnken design was selected to optimize the dose. Polyherbal formulation that consisted of plant extracts of Aegle Marmelos (X1), Bombax malabericum (X2), and Hollarrhena antidysentrica (X3) in different ratios was selected as an independent variable. Polynomial equations were established based on analysis of variance (ANOVA). To validate the chosen polynomial equation, checkpoint analyses were performed. The percentage of predictive error is presented.Results:ANOVA reveals that X2 plant does not have any significant impact on the response surface. The checkpoint batch showed the experimental values of CMDI and Disease activity index (DAI) as 1.33 and 0.66, respectively. It is worthwhile to note that the observed values were quite close to the calculated values of CMDI. A little difference in the value of DAI may be attributed to the inherent variation observed in animal studies.Conclusion:From this study, it was concluded that a dose of 100 mg/kg of Aegle marmelos, a dose of 300 mg/kg of Bombax malabericum, and a dose of 200 mg/kg of Holarrhena antidysentrica will be effective in IBD patients.