bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influencia de la fatiga sobre la toma de decisiones en los árbitros principales de fútbol
Authors: Peralta-Geis Mariona , Arboix-Alió Jordi , Cabedo Sanromà Josep , Mirabet Agulled Raquel 
Published: August 2021

Objetivos: El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la incidencia de la fatiga en la toma de decisiones de los árbitros de fútbol. Los objetivos secundarios fueron valorar estas incidencias teniendo en cuenta la categoría y los años de experiencia.
Métodos: La muestra fueron 21 árbitros (17 hombres y 4 mujeres) que resolvieron 12 vídeos de jugadas de fútbol antes de realizar una prueba de 2000m y 12 vídeos después de dicha prueba.
Resultados: Se observaron diferencias significativas (p<0,05) en los aciertos antes y después de los 2000m, tanto en las faltas como en las tarjetas, siendo los aciertos menores después de la prueba. Asimismo, los árbitros de mayor categoría acertaron más que los árbitros de categorías inferiores.
Conclusiones: La fatiga tiene incidencia en la toma de decisiones arbitrales. Por lo tanto, los árbitros del fútbol catalán deben mejorar la toma de decisiones con fatiga así como la condición física.
Objectives: The main objective of this study was to analyse the incidence of fatigue in decision-making in Catalan football’ referees. Secondary objectives were to assess the incidence of fatigue according to their category and years of experience.
Methods: The sample was configured by 21 referees (17 men and 4 women) who solved 12 footballs’ game actions before running 2000m and 12 actions after this run.
Results: Significant differences (p<0,05) were found in the successes rate before and after the physical effort both in faults and cards, less successes were shown with fatigue. Additionally, significant differences were observed between categories; higher category referees resolved better the game actions (faults and cards) than those with less category.
Conclusions: It is important to keep in mind fatigue to analyse successes or errors in referee’s decisions. Likewise, to improve decision-making and physical condition in Catalan footballs’ referees is an aspect to keep working on.
Mujeres en los partidos de fútbol. Estudio de caso en la República Checa
Authors: Scholz Petr , Vespalec Tomáš 
Published: August 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la relación entre las expresiones verbales y otro tipo de expresiones y el comportamiento violento de las mujeres visitantes en determinados estadios de fútbol en República Checa. Los datos primarios se recopilaron mediante una encuesta por cuestionario principalmente en el estadio Eden Arena en las temporadas 2015/16 y 2016/17. Un total de 120 encuestados (de 25.01 ± 10.20 años de edad) participaron en esta investigación, y todos los encuestados asistían a los partidos en una tribuna de aficionados del equipo local. Descubrimos que las expresiones que hacían referencia a demoler el estadio y otros disturbios eran consideradas las expresiones más serias de comportamiento violento (hinchas 100%, aficionadas 84% y espectadoras 64%). Por otro lado, observamos que abuchear fue considerado el problema menos grave (hinchas 100%, espectadoras 64% y aficionadas 57%). En nuestra opinión, los resultados son apropiados, pero esperábamos valores más altos en cuanto al racismo y comentarios como demoler el estadio y otros disturbios.
The goal of this paper is to analyze the relationship between women visitors’ verbal and other expression and their violent behavior at selected football stadiums in Czech Republic. Primary data were collected by a questionnaire survey mainly at the Eden stadium in 2015/16 and 2016/17 seasons. A total of 120 respondents (aged 25.01 ± 10.20 years old) participated in this research, and all of the respondents were attending the matches in a stand of home team supporters. We found that expressions of demolishing the stadium and other riots are considered the most serious expression of violent behavior (supporters 100%, fans 84%, and spectators 64%). On the other hand, we observed that booing was considered the least serious problem (supporters 100%, spectators 64%, and fans 57%). In our opinion, the results are appropriate, but we expected higher values regarding racism display and comments like demolishing the stadium and other riots.
Identifying and prioritizing the factors affecting the Iranian Sports Refereeing Ethics Code
Authors: Kalani Ahdieh Sadeghi , Zardoshtian Shirin , Bahrami Shahab , Sadeghi Masoud 
Published: August 2021

El propósito de esta investigación fue compilar un código de ética del arbitraje deportivo en Irán. El método de la presente investigación fue mixto (cualitativo y cuantitativo). Se entrevistó a un total de 15 expertos en el campo de la ética del arbitraje deportivo mediante el método de muestreo de bola de nieve. Los resultados obtenidos en la entrevista dieron lugar a un cuestionario válido y fiable que se distribuyó aleatoriamente entre los árbitros y árbitros asistentes de las principales ligas iraníes de deportes de equipo (fútbol, voleibol, balonmano y baloncesto) y deportes individuales (taekwondo, kárate, lucha libre y natación), con una muestra total de 224 personas. El análisis y la codificación se realizaron utilizando los softwares Max Kyoda, SPSS y Smart PLS. Los hallazgos de la investigación mostraron que en este campo se extrajeron 8 temas y 61 subtemas, que incluyen los componentes de comportamiento, corrupción, comunicación, aspecto sociocultural, familia, respeto, legalidad y justicia, en este orden de importancia. En general, prestar atención a los aspectos de comportamiento y corrupción juega un papel importante en la mejora del estatus ético de los árbitros deportivos en Irán.
The purpose of this research was to compile a sports refereeing ethics code in Iran. The method of the present research was mixed (qualitative and quantitative). A total of 15 experts in the field of refereeing ethics in sports were interviewed by the method of snowball sampling. The results obtained from the interview led to a valid and reliable questionnaire that was randomly distributed among the referees and assistant referees of the Iranian premier leagues of team sports (football, volleyball, handball and basketball) and individual sports (taekwondo, karate, wrestling and swimming), with a total sample of 224 people. Analysis and coding were performed using the softwares Max Kyoda, SPSS and Smart PLS. Research findings showed that 8 themes and 61 sub-themes were extracted in this field, which include the components of behavior, corruption, communication, sociocultural aspect, family, respect, legality and justice, in this order of importance. In general, paying attention to the behavioral and corruption aspects plays an important role in improving the ethical status of sports referees in Iran.
Effect of different time intervals of light emitting diode therapy application on muscle fatigue
Authors: Rageh Mai Raouf Mohamed , Yamany Abeer Abdelrahman , Hamada Hamada Ahmed , Mohamed Rania Reda 
Published: August 2021

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar el momento idóneo de aplicación del diodo emisor de luz (LED) del infrarrojo cercano (NIR) en la potencia máxima isocinética de los flexores del codo. Este fue un estudio cruzado prospectivo, aleatorizado, simple-ciego, con pre–test y post-test, y controlado con placebo. Se asignaron al azar cuarenta y cinco no deportistas sanos a 3 grupos por igual: grupos de 5 minutos, 1 hora y 5 horas. Cada grupo (n = 15) tuvo en la primera sesión NIR-LED de 890 nm de longitud de onda, en condiciones activas o placebo, antes del ejercicio que provoca fatiga (5 minutos, 1 hora o 5 horas). Después de un intervalo de 7 días, se aplicó la segunda condición NIR-LED en la segunda sesión. La evaluación de la potencia máxima isocinética se realizó antes y después del ejercicio en cada sesión utilizando un dinamómetro isocinético. No hubo diferencias significativas entre los grupos y entre las condiciones en la potencia máxima isocinética (p > 0.05). La potencia máxima isocinética disminuyó significativamente después del tratamiento en comparación con el pretratamiento (p < 0.01) en todos los grupos, pero el grupo de 5 minutos mostró el menor porcentaje de disminución. En conclusión, lo más probable es que NIR-LED pueda resistir la fatiga muscular con los parámetros utilizados en este estudio si se emplea 5 minutos antes del ejercicio.
This study aimed to identify the near-infrared (NIR) light emitting diode (LED) time response on isokinetic peak torque of elbow flexors. This was a prospective, randomized, single blind, pre–test post-test, and placebo-controlled crossover study. Forty-five healthy non-athletes were assigned at random to 3 groups equally: 5 minutes, 1-hour and 5-hours groups. Each group (n=15) had at the first session 890 nm wavelength NIR-LED, either in active or placebo conditions, prior to exercise that provokes fatigue (5 minutes, 1 hour, or 5 hours). After an interval of 7 days, the second NIR-LED condition was applied at the second session. The assessment of isokinetic peak torque was done at base line and post exercise in each session using isokinetic dynamometer. There was no significant difference between groups and between conditions in isokinetic peak torque (p > 0.05). Isokinetic peak torque decreased significantly post treatment compared with pretreatment (p < 0.01) in all groups, but the 5 minutes group showed the least percent of decrease. In conclusion, NIR-LED can most probably resist muscle fatigue with the parameters used in this study if it is employed 5 minutes before exercise.
Techno-Vernacular Creativity and Innovation
Authors: Gaskins Nettrice R. 
Published: August 2021

A novel approach to STEAM learning that engages students from historically marginalized communities in culturally relevant and inclusive maker education.
The growing maker movement in education has become an integral part of both STEM and STEAM learning, tapping into the natural DIY inclinations of creative people as well as the educational power of inventing or making things. And yet African American, Latino/a American, and Indigenous people are underrepresented in maker culture and education. In this book, Nettrice Gaskins proposes a novel approach to STEAM learning that engages students from historically marginalized communities in culturally relevant and inclusive maker education. Techno-vernacular creativity (TVC) connects technical literacy, equity, and culture, encompassing creative innovations produced by ethnic groups that are often overlooked.
TVC uses three main modes of activity: reappropriation, remixing, and improvisation. Gaskins looks at each of the three modes in turn, guiding readers from research into practice. Drawing on real-world examples, she shows how TVC creates dynamic learning environments where underrepresented ethnic students feel that they belong. Students who remix computationally, for instance, have larger toolkits of computational skills with which to connect cultural practices to STEAM subjects; reappropriation offers a way to navigate cultural repertoires; improvisation is firmly rooted in cultural and creative practices. Finally, Gaskins explores an equity-oriented approach that makes a distinction between conventional or dominant pedagogical approaches and culturally relevant or responsive making methods and practices. She describes TVC habits of mind and suggests methods of instructions and projects.
Incidence of Drug-drug Interactions in Prescriptions of General Practitioners and Specialists in Bangladesh
Authors: Mamun Kazi Al , Soleyman . , Islam Md. Ariful , Sharmin Tahmida , Biswas Kushal 
Published: August 2021

Aim: Drug-drug interactions (DDI) can cause unexpected side effects, changes in drug efficacy, metabolism or overall action of any particular drug and DDI is one of the major prescription errors. DDI can be caused by using concomitant administration of a second drug. This study aims to find DDI in prescriptions of 10 different medical specializations of Bangladesh.
Study Design and Methodology: This study is based on the evaluation of prescription, type, and clinical significance of drug-drug interaction. For this study, 21088 prescriptions were evaluated from 45 different medical institutions and 10 different specializations including general practitioners, cardiologists, medicine specialists, general surgeons, gynecologists, ENT specialists, neurologists, urologists, pediatricians, and ophthalmologists. After the collection of prescriptions, all prescribed medications were checked by using several sources to point out the probable interactions.
Results: Among all the prescriptions most DDI was found from cardiologists (6.17%) and the least DDI was found from pediatricians (3.29%). Clopidogrel and warfarin were the most common medications causing drug interaction while drug interaction with cardiovascular drugs and antibiotics generic were most common among all. Polypharmacy, absence or shortage of pharmacists, workload, miscommunications and lack of knowledge were found as the leading causes of DDI.
Conclusion: Active participation of the pharmacist in crosschecking the prescribed medication, proper communication of the physician and patients, relevant workshops regarding DDI and distribution of the workload of the physicians in different levels can play a role in minimizing DDI.
Neuroimmune and Acute Psychotic Disorders had an Overlapping Immune-Signature in Adolescents and Young Adults; A Case Series
Authors: Irazuzta Jose , Salazar Nicolas Chiriboga 
Published: August 2021

A misguided auto-reactive injury is responsible for diverse types of central nervous system (CNS) conditions. We suspect that, in some of these conditions, the adaptive immune system have a common cellular immune pathogenesis, driven predominantly by T cells, despite variability on the phenotypical clinical presentation.
Aim: the main goal of this study is to characterize a portion of the adaptive immune response (AIR) on patients presenting with clinical symptoms compatible with monophasic acute neuroimmune disorders (NID) including Psychotic Disorders (PD).
Methodology: flow cytometry with deep immunophenotyping of T effector (Teff) and T regulatory (Treg) cells was performed on peripheral blood obtained during the acute clinical phase and compared it to the one from an age-matched cohort group [Co).
Results: our preliminary findings point toward the presence of common “immunosignature” in individuals affected by NID or PD. We also found a shared dysregulation of immune related neurogenes in NID and PD that were not present in normal cohorts.
Conclusions: this preliminary report gives some insights into the underlying shared pathobiology. If we can improve our capacity for early accurate diagnosis and meaningful disease monitoring of pathogenic T cell subsets, we will both expedite disease detection and may serve as a guide the administration of effective immunotherapeutic agents.
Seroprevalence of Hepatitis C among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Specialist Hospital Yola, Adamawa State Nigeria
Authors: Isa Halima , Bashir Mohammed , Bilyaminu Mohammed 
Published: August 2021

Aims: To determine the prevalence of Hepatitis C among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Specialist Hospital Yola.
Study Design: The prevalence of Hepatitis C was ascertained among pregnant women attending antenatal care in specialist hospital Yola, Adamawa State. Anti HcV antibody in the serum of the pregnant women was detected using a sandwich rapid diagnostic chromatographic test strip. Questioner was used to obtain the demographic data of the pregnant women.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Specialist Hospital Yola where the samples were collected. Samples were processed and the analysis carried out at Microbiology Laboratory of Modibbo Adama University Yola. The study was conducted in March to June of 2021.
Methodology: 251 consenting pregnant women of varying age and family background were enrolled in the study, where 15 were randomly selected using a systematic random sampling technique on each antenatal visit.
Results: The prevalence of HcV in this study was 5.18% and the highest prevalence was found among age group 21-25years with 1.59% and the lowest among the age group 36 and above with 0.39%. Base on type of family, HcV was found to be higher in those from monogamous families (3.59%). Hcv Prevalence was also found to be high among those women who fall in the group ‘’others’’ which comprises of school dropped out and non-educated (1.59%). Participants with tribal marks, those no history of blood transfusion and intravenous drug abuse (IVDA) also showed high prevalence of the virus with percentage prevalence of 3.19%, 3.98% and 3.98% respectively. The study revealed that HCV infection is not significantly associated with age and family type (P value > .05) but significantly associated with educational status, possession of tribal mark/tattoo, history of blood transfusion, and drug abuse (P value < .05).
Conclusion: HCV prevalence is low among pregnant women attending Specialist Hospital in Yola, Adamawa state Nigeria for antenatal care. Also, the percentage prevalence observed worldwide is within the range of 1.0-8.0%. However, there are other local governments areas with a dense population that may produce a major difference with the result obtained in this study.
Formulation and Evaluation of Clarithromycin Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for the Treatment of Acne
Authors: Shettigar Pooja , Koland Marina , Sindhoor S. M. , Prabhu Ananth 
Published: August 2021

Background: Clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in acne treatment, but it has poor solubility, which decreases its permeability through lipid barriers such as skin. Nanostructured lipid carriers can enhance the permeability of clarithromycin through the skin, thus improving its potential for controlling acne.
Aim: To formulate and evaluate Nanostructured lipid carriers of clarithromycin for topical delivery in acne treatment
Methods: Nanostructured lipid carriers were prepared by emulsification and ultrasonication methods using lipids such as glycerol monostearate and oleic with poloxamer 188 as stabilizer. These nano-carriers were optimized with the help of the Quality by Design (QbD) approach employing Design-Expert® software. The nanoparticles were characterized for particle size analysis, zeta potential, drug-excipient compatibility, entrapment efficiency, and surface morphology by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The nano-carriers were also investigated for in vitro drug release and ex vivo permeation through excised goat skin. The optimized formulation was incorporated into topical carbopol gel base, formulated and examined for pH, viscosity, spreadability, in vitro drug release, ex vivo permeation, and stability under accelerated conditions.
Results: The average particle size of the optimized nanoparticles was 164.8 nm, and zeta potential was -39.2 mV. FTIR studies showed that drug and lipids are compatible with each other. The morphology study by SEM and TEM showed spherical shaped particles. The entrapment efficiency of the optimized formulation was found to be 88.16%. In vitro drug release studies indicated sustained release from the formulation due to diffusion through the lipid matrix of the particles. The ex vivo permeation study using goat skin produced greater permeation from the NLC gel (89.5%) than marketed gel (65%) due to the lipid solubility of the nanoparticles in the skin. The formulation was stable under accelerated conditions.
Conclusion: The optimized formulation can be considered as promising nano-carriers suitable for the sustained release of clarithromycin into the skin for effective control of acne.
Distribution of Microbial Plaque on Intaglio Surfaces of Maxillary Removable Complete Denture: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Shaikh Usman Bashir , Butt Aamir Mehmood , Chachar Beenish , Channar Kashif Ali , Aqsa . , Jatoi Nadeem Hussain 
Published: August 2021

Aim: To assess the dispersion of prosthetic microbial plaque on intaglio planes of removable completely edentulous denture.
Study Design: Descriptive Cross Sectional
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Prosthodontics, Liaquat Medical University Hospital from December 2107 to November 2018.
Methodology: The maxillary removable complete dentures were collected from the 62 patients. The inner sides of the maxillary prosthesis remained revealed with 1% neutral red solution. These internal sides stayed at that point captured with an advanced camera. Natural plaque scattering on the inner layer of the denture was inspected by calculating plaque layering the subsequent definite zones of the denture inner layers: The fitting layer of the maxillary prosthesis was divided into 14 zones. Biofilm was enumerated in all of the 14 assessed zones by a visual analogue scale. The data was analyzed by SPSS version-16. Independent t test and Anova test were applied for statistical difference of plaque score.
Results: Males and females were 48% and 52% respectively. The mean age was 56.48 ± 7.176. The mean plaque score on intaglio surface was 1.912 ± 0.468. The Vestibular inclination of the right labial flange (areas 4) had the highest biofilm growth 19% tailed by palatal inclination, frontal portion of the right buccal flange (area 8) 18%, vestibular inclination of the left labial flange (area 3) 14% and palatal inclination, front portion of the left buccal flange (area 11) 11%. There was no statistical difference between gender and plaque score.
Conclusion: The Vestibular slope area of the right labial flange had the greater growth of plaque shadowed by Palatal slope space, frontal zone of the right buccal extension area, Vestibular slope area of the left labial extension and slope of palate area, front zone of the left buccal extension.
A Brief Study on Primary Melanoma over Breast Region
Authors: Hiwale K. M. , Tyagi Avadh Kishor 
Published: August 2021

Background: Malignant melanoma is mostly found in mucous membranes and skin. So it’s occurrence on the breast skin is very rare.
Case Presentation: In our study, 50-year-old female came to OPD with complaint of skin lesions on the breast since 2 months. On diagnosis, skin lesion was found to be malignant melanoma and the disease had metastasized in right axillary lymph node with discoloration over breast.
Conclusion: The prognosis for patients with this disease is very poor. Important procedures which may increase the survival rate include, Early diagnosis and surgical resection with adjuvant therapy.
Using gestures to signal lesson structure and foster meaningful learning
Authors: Pilegard Celeste , Fiorella Logan 
Published: August 2021

SummaryThis study investigated whether an instructor's gestures can signal the underlying conceptual structure of a lesson and foster learning. In Experiment 1, 123 undergraduates watched a video comparing eastern and western steamboats in which the instructor produced structure gestures, surface gestures, structure and surface gestures, or neither gesture. Structure gestures represented the compare‐and‐contrast structure of the lesson: the instructor moved her hands to the left or right when describing eastern or western steamboats, respectively. Surface gestures represented specific features, such as moving hands apart or together to indicate a deep or shallow hull. Experiment 2 (N = 170) replicated and extended findings from Experiment 1 using a lesson comparing innate and acquired immunity. In both experiments, students who saw the instructor use structure gestures outperformed the other groups on an inference test. These results suggest that structure gestures help students mentally organize the content of a lesson according to its macrostructure.