bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Access Control Scheme Supporting Privacy Protection Based on Blockchain and Attribute
Authors: Li XueWei , Chen Yue , Zhu HuaiYu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
With the large-scale application of cloud storage systems, lots of attribute-based access control (ABAC) schemes have been introduced to protect data and user security in this insecure environment. ABAC can make data owners control their own data and protect data security and privacy. However, there are two serious privacy leakage problems, namely user attribute privacy and policy privacy, should be solved in the process of constructing ABAC schemes. In this paper, an ABAC scheme supporting privacy protection is constructed, which can solve privacy leakage problems of user attribute privacy and policy privacy in large universe attribute system. Furthermore, a framework is proposed. The framework combines our ABAC scheme, the Ethereum blockchain and blockchain-based storage system. In this framework, the security characteristics of blockchain technology are used to realize decentralization, tamper-resistant and avoiding single point of failure. Besides, the problems of attribute revocation and policy updating are solved by smart contract on the Ethereum blockchain. Finally, we established an initial implementation on Linux and Rinkeby test network, and the experimental results show that our scheme is feasible.
Fast Cyclostationary Feature Detection Method Based on CUDA
Authors: Zhang Hongyuan , Guo Bin , Zhang Yiheng , Hu Yanfei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Aiming at the problem of poor real-time performance of cyclostationary feature detection, a fast cyclostationary feature detection algorithm based on the Unified Computing Device Architecture (CUDA) is proposed. This method moves the data processing part to the GPU, and uses the advantages of a large number of GPU stream processors and powerful multi-threaded concurrent execution functions to accelerate the FAM algorithm in parallel, thereby realizing fast signal processing. Experimental results show that compared with traditional serial algorithms, this method reduces the time overhead of the algorithm and improves the real-time performance of the algorithm.
Network intrusion detection method based on deep learning
Authors: Zou Shuai , Zhong Fangwei , Han Bing , Sun Hao , Qian Tao , Yu Changjiang , Jia Jia 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
With the rapid development of the network, network transmission encryption technologies such as SSL and SSH have emerged. Network traffic has grown exponentially, and transmission encryption has become an important means of protecting data security and privacy. However, encrypted data also brings hidden dangers that are not easily detectable to network security. Identifying the encrypted network traffic can effectively solve this problem. However, the current recognition probability is not high enough and the time delay caused by the recognition together makes it impossible to accurately detect and warn the network traffic. An encrypted network traffic recognition method based on deep learning is proposed. Experimental verification shows that the method is applied in the network. The accuracy of encrypted network traffic identification is 97.02%, which can meet actual needs.
Fault diagnosis method for scintillation detector based on BP neural network
Authors: Xie Y.X. , Yan Y.J. , Li X. , Ding T.S. , Ma C. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This article gives a scintillation detector fault diagnosis method based on BP neural network. From the aspect of output signals of scintillation detectors, the wavelet packet transform is used to extract the energy characteristic vectors which are treated as the input of BP neural network, and a training database is established as well as BP neural network parameters are optimized. Then the method is employed to establish a fault recognition model and fault types can be concluded. Finally, the simulation data are compared with those of two other methods (the statistical diagnosis method and an method based on multi-classification support vector machine). The experimental results illustrate that the application of proposed method can improve the fault diagnosis accuracy of scintillation detectors effectively.
Does conserving roadless wildland increase wildfire activity in western US national forests?
Authors: Johnston James D , Kilbride John B , Meigs Garrett W , Dunn Christopher J , Kennedy Robert E 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
National forests in the western United States are divided roughly in half between lands without roads managed for wilderness characteristics and lands with an extensive road system managed for multiple uses including resource extraction. We investigated the influence of these land use designations on fire ignitions, fire extent, and fire severity over the last three decades. Although roadless areas experienced fewer fire ignitions and are generally cooler, moister, and higher elevation landscapes less conducive to fire, wildfire extent was far greater in these areas than in roaded areas. An area equivalent to approximately one-third of roadless areas burned in the last three decades, while an area equivalent to less than one-fifth of roaded areas experienced fire. Most of the largest fires that have burned on national forest land in recent years began in roadless areas. Despite greater fire extent in roadless areas, there was no significant difference in fire severity between roadless areas and roaded areas after accounting for biophysical differences between these management regimes. Although fire patterns in roadless areas may pose challenges to land managers, the available evidence suggests that the greater extent of fire in roadless areas may confer resilience to these landscapes in the face of climate change.
Lost Circulation Control for Pump-Injected Reverse Circulation Drilling: Experimental Optimization and Theoretical Analyses
Authors: Okere Chinedu J. , Su Guandong , Zhou Jinhui , Li Gongsheng , Tan Chengwei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The reverse circulation drilling method is now widely accepted as an effective way of exploration and grade control. However, the performance of reverse circulation drilling operations is greatly affected by the filtration effect (lost circulation) and no research has critically addressed this issue. In this study, a simulation experiment was conducted, the filtration effect was quantified as the mass of water loss measured at a flow rate of 4.00 m3/h to 8.00 m3/h for reverse and forward circulation drilling. Then the dynamic filtration effect was analyzed in three ways; first, a filtration versus circulation flow rate curve was obtained for both the forward and reverse circulation process. Second, the positive and negative effect of hydrodynamics on filtration was analyzed through a computational fluid dynamic approach, and finally, via qualitative analyses. The results showed that: (1) An optimal flow rate occurred when the filtration effect was minimum, (2) There is a point where the positive and negative effect of the increase in flow rate on filtration is the same, and (3) filtration monotonously increases with flow rate. This study provides a better understanding of the effect of filtration during the reverse circulation drilling process, a guide to field experts, and a theoretical framework for future research.
Study on Stability of Support for Tunnel Damaged by Blasting
Authors: Lai J , Liu Y , Wang Y C 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Blasting excavation will induce damage of surrounding rock of tunnel, and bolt-mesh-shotcrete support is often used for damaged tunnel. This paper learns force characteristics of bolt, location of fracture surface of tunnel and corresponding stability coefficient through analysis on stability of supported tunnel based on strength reduction method. The study indicates that: it’s easy to induce damage of local rock mass of surrounding rock when the bolt spacing is too big, while tunnel support has limited stability and poor economy when the bolt spacing is too small. The reasonable spacing and length of supporting bolts are 1.0m and 3.5m respectively. Results of the study have certain guiding significance for tunnel engineering construction.
Blind oracular quantum computation
Authors: Gustiani Cica , DiVincenzo David P 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In the standard oracle model, an oracle efficiently evaluates an unknown classical function independent of the quantum algorithm itself. Quantum algorithms have a complex interrelationship to their oracles; for example the possibility of quantum speedup is affected by the manner by which oracles are implemented. Therefore, it is physically meaningful to separate oracles from their quantum algorithms, and we introduce one such separation here. We define the blind oracular quantum computation (BOQC) scheme, in which the oracle is a distinct node in a quantum network. Our work augments the client–server setting of quantum computing, in which a powerful quantum computer server is available on the network for discreet use by clients on the network with low quantum power. In BOQC, an oracle is another client that cooperates with the main client so that an oracular quantum algorithm is run on the server. The cooperation between the main client and the oracle takes place (almost) without communication. We prove BOQC to be blind: the server cannot learn anything about the clients’ computation. This proof is performed within the composable security definitions provided by the formalism of abstract cryptography. We enhance the BOQC scheme to be runnable with minimal physical qubits when run on a solid-state quantum network; we prove that this scheme, which we refer to as BOQCo (BOQC-optimized), possesses the same security as BOQC.
Invited Commentary: Demystifying Statistical Inference When Using Machine Learning in Causal Research
Authors: Balzer Laura B , Westling Ted 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this issue, Naimi et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2023;192(9):1536–1544) discuss a critical topic in public health and beyond: obtaining valid statistical inference when using machine learning in causal research. In doing so, the authors review recent prominent methodological work and recommend: 1) doubly robust estimators, such as targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE); 2) ensemble methods, such as Super Learner, to combine predictions from a diverse library of algorithms; and 3) sample splitting to reduce bias and improve inference. We largely agree with these recommendations. In this commentary, we highlight the critical importance of the Super Learner library. Specifically, in both simulation settings considered by the authors, we demonstrate that reductions in bias and improvements in confidence-interval coverage can be achieved using TMLE without sample splitting and with a Super Learner library that excludes tree-based methods but includes regression splines. Whether extremely data-adaptive algorithms and sample splitting are needed depends on the specific problem and should be informed by simulations reflecting the specific application. More research is needed on practical recommendations for selecting among these options in common situations arising in epidemiology.
Hepatocellular uptake index obtained with gadoxetate disodium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment future liver remnant function after major hepatectomy for biliary malignancy
Authors: Notake T , Shimizu A , Kubota K , Ikehara T , Hayashi H , Yasukawa K , Kobayashi A , Yamada A , Fujinaga Y , Soejima Y 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Functional assessment of the future liver remnant (FLR) after major hepatectomy is essential but often difficult in patients with biliary malignancy, owing to obstructive jaundice and portal vein embolization. This study evaluated whether a novel index using gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MRI (EOB-MRI) could predict posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) after major hepatectomy for biliary malignancy.

Methods
The remnant hepatocellular uptake index (rHUI) was calculated in patients undergoing EOB-MRI before major hepatectomy for biliary malignancy. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used to evaluate the accuracy of rHUI for predicting PHLF grade B or C, according to International Study Group of Liver Surgery criteria. Multivariable logistic regression analyses comprised stepwise selection of parameters, including rHUI and other conventional indices.

Results
This study included 67 patients. The rHUI accurately predicted PHLF (area under the curve (AUC) 0.896). A cut-off value for rHUI of less than 0.410 predicted all patients who developed grade B or C PHLF. In multivariable analysis, only rHUI was an independent risk factor for grade B or C PHLF (odds ratio 2.0 × 103, 95 per cent c.i. 19.6 to 3.8 × 107; P &lt; 0.001). In patients who underwent preoperative portal vein embolization, rHUI accurately predicted PHLF (AUC 0.885), whereas other conventional indices, such as the plasma disappearance rate of indocyanine green of the FLR and FLR volume, did not.

Conclusion
The rHUI is potentially a useful predictor of PHLF after major hepatectomy for biliary malignancy.
Provision of a local anaesthetic minor procedures service by surgical advanced clinical practitioners: 5-year study
Authors: Taib A , Hammill C , Abraham A , Fakim B , Garstang P , Carney J , Natarajan V , Subar D 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Surgical advanced clinical practitioners (SACPs) form part of the extended surgical workforce drawn from a variety of allied healthcare backgrounds. The primary aim of this study was to determine whether there was a financial benefit in having minor surgical procedures undertaken by dedicated SACPs compared with operating lists assigned to consultant surgeons.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study including all patients who had minor ‘lumps and bumps’ procedures undertaken between April 2014 and August 2019 at East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust under local anaesthetic by the general surgery team. Clinical patient information, including lesion type, was collected along with operating room staffing levels and duration of operation. The cost of the procedure was calculated as operating time multiplied by cost of staff per minute according to local banding.

Results
A total of 1399 patients had a lesion excised; 907 procedures were carried out by a doctor, and the rest independently by a SACP. The majority of lesions excised were lipomas and cysts. There was no difference in the median surgical time taken between SACPs and doctors (20 (i.q.r. 14–28) min). Minor procedures carried out on consultant surgeon lists cost 62.3 per cent (€25.33) more on average than those on SACP lists (median €65.96 versus 40.63 respectively; P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
A dedicated and independent SACP ‘lumps and bumps’ list was financially beneficial. Operating times were similar to those of doctors. These lists safely free trainee and consultant surgeons to undertake more complex work.
Decision Making by Practitioners in the Social Professions Involved in Compulsory Admission to Mental Health Hospital: A Scoping Review
Authors: Abbott Simon 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This scoping review examined the literature on decision making by practitioners in the social professions involved in compulsory admission to mental health hospital in the UK. This aimed to find out(i) what processes shape social profession decision making about compulsory admission to mental health hospitals in practice? and (ii) what methods have informed studies in this area, and how have these shaped the current state of knowledge?
Three main themes emerged are: professional positioning; characteristics of the person assessed; and organisational factors. The literature has approached answering this question by focusing on social professional jurisdictional perspectives, emphasising concern whether a social perspective is privileged in decision making. Lack of realistic options to avoid in-patient care underpins decisions to detain. The process involves a logistical challenge for the social profession. The social milieu of those assessed is associated with social vulnerability and social deprivation, highlighting the relevance for social work. Concerns about risk and a citizen’s lack of mental capacity to make decisions about care are associated with decisions to detain. Implications for social work include a need for research that explores the institutional and social context of decision making. Finally, implementing supported decision making in social work practice is proposed as an imperative for future research.
Integrative analyses ofCrepidium(Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae, Malaxideae) shed more light on its relationships withDienia,LiparisandMalaxisand justify reinstatement of narrow endemicC. allanii
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Li Jihong , Gale Stephan W 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMalaxidinae are a cosmopolitan higher Epidendroid subtribe of &gt; 1250 species that exhibit wide morphological and ecological diversity. Despite almost two centuries of taxonomic deliberation, controversy persists regarding the delimitation of practically all Malaxidinae genera, the most important of which are Crepidium, Dienia, Liparis and Malaxis. Previous attempts to classify these genera using a molecular phylogenetic approach showed Liparis and Malaxis to be polyphyletic and the floral characters traditionally used to define them as homoplastic. Emphasis has instead shifted to vegetative and ecological traits. Here, we conduct an expanded analysis of nuclear (ITS) and plastid (matK) sequences focused on terrestrial taxa, with the resulting phylogram largely corroborating the emerging picture, and we test the efficacy of four previously highlighted traits to recover the same relationships. Although growth habit is underscored as important for resolving a natural distinction between epiphytic Liparis and terrestrial ‘Crepidium clade’ plus ‘Malaxis clade’ taxa, leaf shape and venation and habitat preference are shown to be poor predictors of phylogenetic affiliation. Instead, perennating organ structure (heteroblastic or homoblastic) and placement (predominantly above- or below-ground) – are incisive, with leaf number and texture apparently correlated. These findings are discussed in the context of an inferred evolutionary history of the subtribe. Although homoplastic at the subtribe level, some floral characters are shown to be useful for resolving identities at the species level. Accordingly, the status of four long-confused species (Crepidium acuminatum, C. allanii, C. purpureum and Microstylis biloba) is resolved.
An orderly curriculum for a messy field? Classroom-field tensions in community organization in India
Authors: Vyas Mouleshri 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The large-scale reverse migration from cities to villages at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and again during the second wave in 2021 highlighted the persistence of poverty in India. Civil society responses pointed to the pressure that it was under in the absence of adequate outreach by the state for meeting food, livelihood, and other insecurities of urban and rural populations. Against this backdrop, the article outlines some of the challenges facing Social Work and Community Development in addressing poverty and marginalization. An examination of the relationship between Social Work with the state, and the contemporary complex neoliberal context for practice, highlights classroom-field tensions in community organization. In preparing graduates for what appears to be a messy field, an orderly curriculum, irrespective of how well thought out it may be, struggles to retain convergence between principles of CD and certain elements of contemporary practice. It emerges that education for CD needs to build systematically on critical community practice and align with an anti- oppressive framework, in order to contribute substantively to addressing poverty and marginalization.
Congenital Human Cytomegalovirus Infection Is Associated With Decreased Transplacental IgG Transfer Efficiency Due to Maternal Hypergammaglobulinemia
Authors: Semmes Eleanor C , Li Shuk Hang , Hurst Jillian H , Yang Zidanyue , Niedzwiecki Donna , Fouda Genevieve G , Kurtzberg Joanne , Walsh Kyle M , Permar Sallie R 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Placentally transferred maternal immunoglobulin G (IgG) protects against pathogens in early life, yet vertically transmitted infections can interfere with transplacental IgG transfer. Although human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the most common placentally-transmitted viral infection worldwide, the impact of congenital HCMV (cCMV) infection on transplacental IgG transfer has been underexplored.

Methods
We evaluated total and antigen-specific maternal and cord blood IgG levels and transplacental IgG transfer efficiency in a US-based cohort of 93 mother-infant pairs including 27 cCMV-infected and 66 cCMV-uninfected pairs, of which 29 infants were born to HCMV-seropositive nontransmitting mothers and 37 to HCMV-seronegative mothers. Controls were matched on sex, race/ethnicity, maternal age, and delivery year.

Results
Transplacental IgG transfer efficiency was decreased by 23% (95% confidence interval [CI] 10–36%, P = .0079) in cCMV-infected pairs and 75% of this effect (95% CI 28–174%, P = .0085) was mediated by elevated maternal IgG levels (ie, hypergammaglobulinemia) in HCMV-transmitting women. Despite reduced transfer efficiency, IgG levels were similar in cord blood from infants with and without cCMV infection.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that cCMV infection moderately reduces transplacental IgG transfer efficiency due to maternal hypergammaglobulinemia; however, infants with and without cCMV infection had similar antigen-specific IgG levels, suggesting comparable protection from maternal IgG acquired via transplacental transfer.
Deliberation, Dissent, and Distrust: Understanding Distinct Drivers of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Hesitancy in the United States
Authors: Tram Khai Hoan , Saeed Sahar , Bradley Cory , Fox Branson , Eshun-Wilson Ingrid , Mody Aaloke , Geng Elvin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Despite the availability of safe and efficacious coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines, a significant proportion of the American public remains unvaccinated and does not appear to be immediately interested in receiving the vaccine.

Methods
In this study, we analyzed data from the US Census Bureau’s Household Pulse Survey, a biweekly cross-sectional survey of US households. We estimated the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy across states and nationally and assessed the predictors of vaccine hesitancy and vaccine rejection. In addition, we examined the underlying reasons for vaccine hesitancy, grouped into thematic categories.

Results
A total of 459 235 participants were surveyed from 6 January to 29 March 2021. While vaccine uptake increased from 7.7% to 47%, vaccine hesitancy rates remained relatively fixed: overall, 10.2% reported that they would probably not get a vaccine and 8.2% that they would definitely not get a vaccine. Income, education, and state political leaning strongly predicted vaccine hesitancy. However, while both female sex and black race were factors predicting hesitancy, among those who were hesitant, these same characteristics predicted vaccine reluctance rather than rejection. Those who expressed reluctance invoked mostly “deliberative” reasons, while those who rejected the vaccine were also likely to invoke reasons of “dissent” or “distrust.”

Conclusions
Vaccine hesitancy comprises a sizable proportion of the population and is large enough to threaten achieving herd immunity. Distinct subgroups of hesitancy have distinctive sociodemographic associations as well as cognitive and affective predilections. Segmented public health solutions are needed to target interventions and optimize vaccine uptake.