bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ocular abnormalities in the Icelandic horse with a focus on equine recurrent uveitis: 112 Icelandic horses living in Denmark and 26 Icelandic horses living in the United States
Authors: Henriksen Michala de Linde , Dwyer Ann E. , Krarup Nielsen Rikke , Bäcklund Sofia , Dahlmann Christensen Nanna , Holberg Pihl Tina 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeTo describe the most common ocular abnormalities in the Icelandic horse with focus on equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) and association between ocular abnormalities and summer eczema and coat colors.MethodsA descriptive cross‐sectional study. A complete physical and ophthalmic examination as well as measurement of serum titers forLeptospiraserovariants was performed on Icelandic horses from Denmark (DK) and the United States (USA).ResultsOne hundred and twelve Icelandic horses living in DK and 26 Icelandic horses living in the United States were included in this study (total of 138 horses, 274 eyes). The three most common ocular abnormalities were follicular conjunctivitis (55.8%, 153/274 eyes), cataracts (27.4%, 75/274 eyes), and multifocal chorioretinopathy (“bullet holes”; 19%, 52/274 eyes). The prevalence for ERU among Icelandic horses aged “eight years and older” was 8% (6/75 horses). The “insidious ERU” type was found in 83% of the ERU cohort (5/6 horses), while “classic ERU” was found in 17% (1/6 horses). A correlation between ERU and cataracts was found in the population (p < .01). Leptospiral serology results were not associated with ERU in either DK or US‐Icelandic horses (p = 1.00,p = 1.00, respectively). ERU was not associated with summer eczema (p = .49), and no coat colors were associated with the ocular abnormalities found in the Icelandic horse (allp‐values > .05).ConclusionFollicular conjunctivitis, cataracts, and multifocal chorioretinopathy were the three most common ocular abnormalities findings. Icelandic horses who were 8 years or older had an 8% prevalence for ERU. Summer eczema and coat color were not associated with evidence of ERU or other ocular abnormalities.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Applied to the Treatment of Unruptured Anterior Circulation Aneurysms in a Middle-Income Country
Authors: Harker Pablo , Quitian-Reyes Hoover , Feo-Lee Oscar Hernando , Iragorri Nicolas , Puentes Juan Carlos 
Published: December 2021

Object. Controversy exists regarding the best treatment option for unruptured anterior circulation aneurysms (UA); we performed a long-term cost-effectiveness analysis comparing different treatment options from an economic standpoint.
Methods. A decision-tree model was built based on a hypothetical cohort of 1,000 patients undergoing treatment for UA. Health outcomes and cost analysis were modeled over the projected lifetime. All treatment outcome probabilities and likelihood ratios were obtained from natural history and outcome studies. Costs were assessed from the societal perspective of the general healthcare system in Colombia. A univariate sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact and significance of results.
Results. Significant differences were shown in treatment cost and total effectiveness. SC had a mean treatment cost of US$2,322 and a cost-effectiveness ratio of US$2,735 (EC: US$4,650 and US$5,798). A univariate sensitivity analysis showed that the total cost-effectiveness of SC remained dominantly superior to EC. Conclusions. From an economic standpoint, results show that SC is the most cost-effective treatment alternative in a middle-income country. These results must be taken into account during the decision-making process for the treatment of UA, especially in those countries where cost-effective measures are of vital importance. Nevertheless, further studies are warranted in different healthcare-system settings.
Variables asociadas a la ansiedad-depresión en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Vinaccia  Alpi Stefano , Ortega Bechara Andrea 
Published: December 2021

La salud, como un estado subjetivo de bienestar, responde a las características del contexto sociodemográfico. Estudios previos sugieren que los indicadores de salud mental entre estudiantes universitarios son comparativamente menores que los del resto de la población, probablemente debido a la interacción de factores contextuales. Este estudio busca evaluar la relación entre variables sociodemográficas, ansiedad y depresión en estudiantes de una universidad en la costa Atlántica colombiana. En un diseño transversal, los participantes (n = 6.224) completaron la escala PROMIS y un cuestionario de información sociodemográfica. Mediante análisis descriptivos se examinaron la incidencia y comorbilidad de la ansiedad-depresión. El efecto de las variables sociodemográficas en la ansiedad-depresión se analizó con un modelo regresión logística. Resultados. 55.7 % de los participantes presentaron síntomas de ansiedad, 32.2 % presentaron síntomas de depresión, y 28.9 % presentaron comorbilidad. El sexo, estado civil, grupo étnico y estrato socioeconómico fueron predictores significativos de la ansiedad-depresión. Los hallazgos indican que la ansiedad y la depresión son frecuentes entre estudiantes universitarios. La importancia de desarrollar intervenciones para promover la salud en el desempeño profesional de los estudiantes es discutida.
Exploration of grid scheme for Frisch-grid ionization chamber
Authors: Li Meng , Yang Yuansheng , Ma Peng , Zhang Junwei , Qin Zhi , Wei Xianglun , Xiao Chaoyuan , Qiu Tianli , He Zhoubo , He Zhixuan , Lu Chengui , Hu Rongjiang , Yang Herun , Fang Yongde , Xiao Zhigang , Wang Hongwei , Hou Yikai , Duan Limin , Ong Hooi Jin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA new Frisch-grid ionization chamber has been built to explore the appropriate choice of Frisch-grid. Detailed studies of the relationship between grid geometries and detector performance have been performed with an $$^{241}$$

241

Am source. This paper describes and compares the energy resolution of ionization chambers with parallel-wire and mesh grids of different grid parameters. Some specific recommendations for grid selection are provided based on the data currently available. To obtain optimal energy resolution, the operating voltage of the chamber must satisfy the condition of minimum electron collection on the grid with distinct geometries and parameters, respectively. Since there is no established theory applicable to both types of grids, we have devised a careful simulation procedure incorporating the COMSOL and Garfield++ codes to search for the conditions of the minimum electron collection on the grid. The simulation results fit the experimental data well, suggesting that this simulation method successfully predicts the suitable voltage setting when using a mesh grid or parallel wires grid as the shielding electrode.
A sensitivity analysis of a single extraction well from deep geothermal aquifers in the Cheshire Basin, UK
Authors: Brown Christopher Simon , Cassidy Nigel J. , Egan Stuart S. , Griffiths Dan 
Published: December 2021

Deep hot sedimentary aquifers (HSAs) are targeted for geothermal exploitation in the Cheshire Basin, UK. In this study, a single extraction well targeting the Collyhurst Sandstone Formation was modelled on MATLAB coupling heat and fluid flux. The Collyhurst Sandstone Formation in the Crewe area of the Cheshire Basin is expected to be found at a depth of 2.8–3.5 km, and was chosen as an area for geothermal exploration due to the high demand for energy.
Model results suggest that low-enthalpy, deep geothermal systems with thick HSAs are affected by both geological and engineering parameters. The results of this study highlight that the thermal gradient, hydraulic conductivity, production rate, length and position of the well screen are the key parameters capable of affecting the success and viability of any single well scheme. Poor planning during exploration and development can hinder the productivity of any single-well scheme, and these parameters must be considered to fully understand the risk. Engineering parameters, such as the length of the well screen, can be used during well planning to mitigate geological risks in the aquifer, whilst the results presented can also be used as a guide for energy potential under varying conditions.
Large- and medium-scale morphosedimentary features of the Messina Strait: insights into bottom-current-controlled sedimentation and interaction with downslope processes
Authors: Martorelli E. , Casalbore D. , Falcini F. , Bosman A. , Falese F. G. , Chiocci F. L. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

The Messina Strait is a
c.
3–8 km-wide and 40 km-long extensional area that connects the Tyrrhenian Sea with the Ionian Sea (Mediterranean Sea), and where tectonics, oceanographic and erosive-depositional downslope processes strongly interact with each other. Based on the analysis of high-resolution multibeam data, we present an updated morphosedimentary framework that reveals a complex seabed morphology, characterized by a variety of features linked to bottom currents and downslope processes. In particular, we recognize a suite of large- to medium-scale erosive and depositional features, related to different bottom currents (e.g. reverse tidal flows, residual flows, internal waves) acting over diverse time periods. Large-scale bottom-current features are represented by contourite drifts and channels developed over long periods (more than thousands of years). Medium-scale features formed during shorter time periods, and include scours, furrows, transverse ridges (pinnacles) and narrow longitudinal bodies in the sill sector, along with several sand-wave fields, located at greater depths on the Ionian and Tyrrhenian sides of the Messina Strait. Downslope processes encompass channelized features originated by sedimentary gravity flows, coarse-grained aprons and fans, and submarine landslides. They mostly occur along the margins of the strait and become predominant in the southern exit where the axial Messina canyon and its tributaries are present.

Overall, our study shows that the Messina Strait is a fruitful area in which to investigate the interaction between recent erosive-depositional sedimentary and oceanographic processes, also modulated by sea-level fluctuations, during the last eustatic cycle. Moreover, the observed seabed morphologies and the associated processes provide insights into interpreting similar features in modern and ancient similar straits and seaways.
Kourouma: a forja de um francês africanizado diante de um sistema literário mundial
Authors: Bampoky Providence 
Published: December 2021

Partindo do argumento de Moretti (2000) de que o romance moderno desponta nas culturas periféricas não como desenvolvimento autônomo, mas como uma conciliação entre influência formal estrangeira e conteúdos locais, busco pensar, neste artigo, como Kourouma manipula a língua do colonizador para expressar nela sentimentos e realidades imaginadas na sua língua materna - o malinké[1] e como ocorre dentro do sistema literário mundial esta luta pelo reconhecimento.

[1] O termo designa o indivíduo que pertence ao grupo étnico malinké, mas também designa a língua. Tradicionalmente, agricultores, artesãs e de religião muçulmana altamente influenciados pelas crenças animistas, os malinkés estão agrupados na Guiné, no Mali, na Costa do Marfim, no Senegal, na Gâmbia, na Serra Leoa, no Burkina Faso, na Guiné-Bissau, na Libéria e no Gana.
Hippo Pathway Effector Tead1 Induces Cardiac Fibroblast to Cardiomyocyte Reprogramming
Authors: Singh Vivek P. , Pinnamaneni Jaya P. , Pugazenthi Aarthi , Sanagasetti Deepthi , Mathison Megumi , Martin James F. , Yang Jianchang , Rosengart Todd K. 
Published: December 2021

Background
The conversion of fibroblasts into induced cardiomyocytes may regenerate myocardial tissue from cardiac scar through in situ cell transdifferentiation. The efficiency transdifferentiation is low, especially for human cells. We explored the leveraging of Hippo pathway intermediates to enhance induced cardiomyocyte generation.

Methods and Results

We screened Hippo effectors Yap (yes‐associated protein), Taz (transcriptional activator binding domain), and Tead1 (TEA domain transcription factor 1; Td) for their reprogramming efficacy with cardio‐differentiating factors Gata4, Mef2C, and Tbx5 (GMT). Td induced nearly 3‐fold increased expression of cardiomyocyte marker cTnT (cardiac troponin T) by mouse embryonic and adult rat fibroblasts versus GMT administration alone (
P
<0.0001), while Yap and Taz failed to enhance cTnT expression. Serial substitution demonstrated that Td replacement of TBX5 induced the greatest cTnT expression enhancement and sarcomere organization in rat fibroblasts treated with all GMT substitutions (GMTd versus GMT: 17±1.2% versus 5.4±0.3%,
P
<0.0001). Cell contractility (beating) was seen in 6% of GMTd‐treated cells by 4 weeks after treatment, whereas no beating GMT‐treated cells were observed. Human cardiac fibroblasts likewise demonstrated increased cTnT expression with GMTd versus GMT treatment (7.5±0.3% versus 3.0±0.3%,
P
<0.01). Mechanistically, GMTd administration increased expression of the trimethylated lysine 4 of histone 3 (H3K4me3) mark at the promoter regions of cardio‐differentiation genes and mitochondrial biogenesis regulator genes in rat and human fibroblast, compared with GMT.

Conclusions
These data suggest that the Hippo pathway intermediate Tead1 is an important regulator of cardiac reprogramming that increases the efficiency of maturate induced cardiomyocytes generation and may be a vital component of human cardiodifferentiation strategies.
Comparative Effectiveness of Early Rhythm Control Versus Rate Control for Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Kim Daehoon , Yang Pil‐Sung , You Seng Chan , Jang Eunsun , Yu Hee Tae , Kim Tae‐Hoon , Pak Hui‐Nam , Lee Moon‐Hyoung , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Sung Jung‐Hoon , Joung Boyoung 
Published: December 2021

Background
Rhythm control is associated with better cardiovascular outcomes than usual care among patients with recently diagnosed atrial fibrillation (AF). This study investigated the effects of rhythm control compared with rate control on the incidence of stroke, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular death stratified by timing of treatment initiation.

Methods and Results
We conducted a retrospective population‐based cohort study including 22 635 patients with AF newly treated with rhythm control (antiarrhythmic drugs or ablation) or rate control in 2011 to 2015 from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. Propensity overlap weighting was used. Compared with rate control, rhythm control initiated within 1 year of AF diagnosis decreased the risk of stroke. The point estimates for rhythm control initiated at selected time points after AF diagnosis are as follows: 6 months (hazard ratio [HR], 0.76; 95% CI, 0.66–0.87), 1 year (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.66–0.93), and 5 years (HR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.45–2.24). The initiation of rhythm control within 6 months of AF diagnosis reduced the risk of hospitalization for heart failure: 6 months (HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.74–0.95), 1 year (HR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.82–1.13), and 5 years (HR, 2.88; 95% CI, 1.34–6.17). The risks of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular death did not differ between rhythm and rate control regardless of treatment timing.

Conclusions
Early initiation of rhythm control was associated with a lower risk of stroke and heart failure–related admission than rate control in patients with recently diagnosed AF. The effects were attenuated as initiating the rhythm control treatment later.
The International Politics of Carbon Dioxide Removal: Pathways to Cooperative Global Governance
Authors: Maher Bryan , Symons Jonathan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change scenarios that limit warming to 1.5°C require that, in addition to unprecedented reductions in global greenhouse gas emissions, between 100 and 1,000 metric gigatons of CO2 be removed from the atmosphere before 2100. Despite this, carbon dioxide removal (CDR) is not yet firmly on national or global policy agendas. Owing to uncertainty about both technical potential and social license, it is unclear whether CDR on the required scale will even be feasible. This article asks what scholarship about the provision of global public goods can tell us about governing CDR. We identify four areas where new international cooperative efforts—likely performed by small clubs of motivated actors—could amplify existing CDR policy responses: development of CDR accounting and reporting methodologies, technology development and prototype deployment for technically challenging CDR, development of incentives for CDR deployment, and work on governance and accountability mechanisms that respond to social justice impacts and social license concerns.
The Frisians as a Chosen People
Authors: Mol Johannes A. , Smithuis Justine 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Five late-medieval historical chronicles from Frisia present a series of legends about the Frisians, concerning their origin and the acquisition of their freedom. Each of these legends opens with a concrete parallel from the history of the Jewish people, making it clear that the Frisians, too, enjoyed God’s exceptional protection. This article tries to establish when and why these works were written. The many divergences between the five texts demonstrate that many more versions and copies were once in circulation. In particular, the chronicles were intended to reach the inhabitants of Frisia west of the Lauwers. It can be shown that the base versions of the vernacular editions were written between 1464 and 1479. One of the places where editing of these took place was the Cistercian abbey of Klaarkamp. However, the author of the Latin base text, the Historia Frisiae, does not seem to have been a monk given that his work has a more militant character than the popular versions. Nevertheless, all of the texts were intended to reinforce of the patriotic awareness of the Frisians at a time when their political autonomy was threatened by the dukes of Burgundy.
An Investigation of Changing Attitudes and Behaviors and Problematic Internet Use in Children Aged 8 to 17 Years During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kamaşak Tülay , Topbaş Murat , Ozen Nalan , Esenülkü Gülnur , Yıldız Nihal , Şahin Sevim , Acar Arslan Elif , Çil Elif , Kart Pınar Özkan , Cansu Ali 
Published: December 2021

Purpose To examine the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the lifestyle, habits, and behavioral differences in children, and their changing internet use habits. Methods The research was planned as a cross-sectional study involving 4892 children aged 8 to 17 years attending schools in the city center of Trabzon, Turkey. Children’s daily living activities, social habits, mood and temperament changes, and internet use were investigated before and during the pandemic. In terms of problematic internet use, internet addiction rates were evaluated using the validated Turkish-language version of the Parent-Child Internet Addiction Scale (PCIAT-20). Results The children’s mean age was 13 ± 2.45 years, and 17.1% (n = 837) exhibited problematic internet use features on the PCIAT-20. Problematic internet use was higher in boys and in children older than 13 years. The presence of COVID-19 infection among members of the household, quarantine measures, attending private schools, the mother’s occupation, the time spent by the mother and father on their mobile phones, and high parental education levels were associated with a high level of internet addiction. Families also described significant changes in their children’s temperament and character compared with the pre-pandemic period. Conclusion The prevalence of problematic internet use increased during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with previous studies from Turkey. Children were also more introverted, irritable, and pessimistic during the pandemic.
Effect of Music on Pain in Cancer Patients in Palliative Care Service: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Düzgün Gönül , Karadakovan Ayfer 
Published: December 2021

This study aimed to investigate the effect of music on pain, anxiety, comfort, and functional capacity of cancer patients who received care in a palliative care unit. The population of this randomized controlled trial consisted of cancer patients hospitalized in the palliative care service between July 2018 and July 2019. The study included 60 patients (30 interventions/30 controls). The patients in the intervention group were given a total of six music sessions, 10 minutes each with the Turkish classical music in maqams of their choice (Hejaz or Rast accompanied by an expert tambour (drum) player). There was a significant difference between the mean total pain scores, anxiety, comfort, and functional capacity scores of the patients in the intervention and control groups before and after music therapy. Music therapy decreased the level of pain. It is demonstrated that Turkish classical music therapy improved the pain, anxiety, comfort, and functional capacity in the palliative care unit.
Generating Healthy People: Stages in Reproduction Particularly Vulnerable to Xenobiotic Hazards and Nutritional Deficits
Authors: House Simon 
Published: December 2021

Biochemical research has identified many failures in reproductive processes with specific nutrient deficits, xenobiotics and some infectious illnesses. This has led to some effective safeguards. During meiosis and fertilization, as genetic material divides and rearranges, it is exposed and open to mutation. A nutritionally unfavourable environment is a major risk factor. At stages of rapid cell division, differentiation and organisation, as in the embryo and later in the fetal brain, the child's survival, completeness and future health and ability are at stake. From months before conception, reproduction needs preparing for, especially with today's environmental pollution, even entering the foodchain. Care from before conception can contribute not only to the child's healthy basis for life, full development of brain, eyesight and other complex attributes, but also to the health of at least the subsequent generation. Since the female baby's oocytes are being formed while she is still in the womb, the grandmother's nutritional status, around the time of conceiving a daughter, can permanently affect a grandchild. Recent insights into evolution, particularly of the brain, give us fresh indications of dietary needs to fulfil human potential for health and acuity. Despite the hazards, nature is remarkably successful. This paper is not designed to alarm but to help attainment of full genetic potential. With healthy parents serious malformations are a low percentage. The numbers of babies with avoidable disorders, however, calls urgently for action, especially in our own inner cities and in developing countries where there is inadequate nutrition. Action will more than justify itself, including financially. It will reward handsomely.