bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A modified damage accumulation model for life prediction of aero‐engine materials under combined high and low cycle fatigue loading
Authors: Bai Song , Huang Hong‐Zhong , Li Yan‐Feng , Yu Aodi , Deng Zhiming 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAero‐engine hot section components experience combined high and low cycle fatigue (CCF) loading under actual working conditions. This paper proposes a modified fatigue damage accumulation model to precisely predict lifetimes of aero‐engine materials according to the newly presented interaction factor, which is able to quantitatively map damage interactions introduced by high cycle fatigue (HCF) and low cycle fatigue (LCF) loads. With the model, the lifetimes of four typical engine materials are predicted and compared to their factual data from experiments. The validation of the model is illustrated by a comprehensive comparison of the results concluded by the proposed model and that of other classical methodologies, which indicates that the new model holds the best performance in lifetime predictions. Moreover, an actual engineering case, which is the lifetime prediction of third stage turbine blades of an aero‐engine, is completed to validate the feasibility of the proposed method.
Climate‐induced outbreaks in high‐elevation pines are driven primarily by immigration of bark beetles from historical hosts
Authors: Howe Michael , Carroll Allan , Gratton Claudio , Raffa Kenneth F. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWarming temperatures are allowing native insect herbivores to expand into regions that previously exceeded their thermal tolerance, encounter new host species, and pose significant threats to native communities. However, the dynamics of these expansions remain poorly understood, particularly in the extent to which outbreaks remain reliant on emigration from historical hosts or are driven by local reproduction within novel hosts in the expanded range. We tested these non‐mutually exclusive hypotheses using spatially explicit data on mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae), which historically undergoes intermittent outbreaks in low‐elevation lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), but is now causing severe mortality in a high‐elevation endangered species, whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis). We compiled data from 2000 to 2019 across British Columbia, Canada, at 1‐km2 resolution, and analyzed spatiotemporal patterns of beetle infestations, lodgepole pine distributions, expansion into habitats dominated by whitebark pine, and the likelihood of future outbreaks in all pine communities under simulated conditions. Overall, we found strong support for the hypothesis of emigration from the historical host species continuing to be a major driver of outbreaks in the more recently accessed host. First, beetle population pressure was consistently the best predictor of infestation severity in both lodgepole and whitebark pine, and appeared to be mostly unidirectional from lodgepole to whitebark pine. Second, infestations in lodgepole pine were of a longer duration than those in whitebark pine, which appeared too brief to sustain transitions from endemic to eruptive dynamics. Furthermore, resource depletion appears to drive emigration from lodgepole pine, whereas in whitebark pine drought appears to favor establishment of immigrants although bioclimatic factors and stand structure preclude self‐sustaining outbreaks. Finally, we project that most pine in British Columbia will be at risk in the event of a new major outbreak. We describe implications for conserving and protecting whitebark pine and to other climate‐driven range expansions.
Development and qualification of a machine learning algorithm for automated hair counting
Authors: Sacha Jarek P. , Caterino Tamara L. , Fisher Brian K. , Carr Gregory J. , Youngquist R. Scott , D’Alessandro Brian M. , Melione Anthony , Canfield Douglas , Bergfeld Wilma F. , Piliang Melissa P. , Kainkaryam Raghu , Davis Michael G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveDetermining the amount of hair on the scalp has always been an important metric of patient satisfaction for hair growth and hair retention technologies. While simple in concept, this measurement is a difficult, resource intensive task for the dermatologist and the research scientist. Specifically, counting and measuring hair in phototrichogram images is very time consuming and labour intensive. Due to cost, often only a fraction of available images is manually analysed. There is a need for an automated method that can significantly increase speed and throughput while reducing the cost of counting and measuring hair in phototrichogram images.MethodsRecent advances in machine learning and deep convolutional neural networks (deep learning) have led to a revolution in the analysis of image, video, speech, text and other sensor data. Image diagnostics have seen remarkable improvements with completely automated methods outperforming both human experts and human‐engineered analysis methods. Deep learning methods can also provide speed and cost benefits. To enable use of a deep learning, we created a data set of 288 manually annotated phototrichogram images with marked location and length of each hair (the training dataset). We designed a custom neural network architecture and custom image processing algorithms to best utilize the available training data and to maximize performance for hair counting and length measurement. The performance of the algorithm was qualified by comparing hair count and length measurements to an independent ground truth method, the semi‐manual Canfield's Hair Metrix method.ResultsLeveraging deep neural networks, we have developed capability to apply machine learning to reduce the time needed to acquire data from phototrichograms of patients’ scalp from months to seconds. Our algorithm enables fast and fully automated hair counting and length measurement. The algorithm shows high agreement with human manually assisted analysis (ground truth).ConclusionsWe have trained and deployed an algorithm utilizing this technology and have demonstrated the reproducibility, accuracy and speed of this algorithm that, once deployed, requires little to no recurring cost or manual intervention for its operation. The method allows fast analysis of large number of images, reducing study cost and significantly reducing study analysis time.
A 24‐month metformin treatment study of children with obesity: Changes in circulating GDF‐15 and associations with changes in body weight and visceral fat
Authors: Carreras‐Badosa Gemma , Gómez‐Vilarrubla Ariadna , Mas‐Parés Berta , Martínez‐Calcerrada José‐María , Xargay‐Torrent Silvia , Prats‐Puig Anna , Puerto‐Carranza Elsa , Díaz‐Roldán Ferran , de Zegher Francis , Ibañez Lourdes , Bassols Judit , López‐Bermejo Abel 
Published: August 2021

SummaryBackgroundMetformin treatment for 24 months in children with obesity lowers body mass index (BMI), reduces liver fat, and normalizes endocrine‐metabolic parameters.ObjectiveHere we study whether circulating GDF‐15 levels were raised by such metformin treatment and whether they related to changes in body weight and visceral fat in children with obesity.MethodsThe study population consisted of 18 pre‐pubertal/early pubertal children with obesity who had participated in a randomized double‐blind clinical trial receiving metformin (850 mg/day) or placebo for 24 months. Circulating GDF‐15, BMI and abdominal visceral and liver fat (magnetic resonance imaging) were assessed at 0, 6, 12 and 24 months.ResultsResults showed that metformin‐treated children had higher GDF‐15 levels at 6 and 12 months. Higher rises of circulating GDF‐15 associated with more loss of body weight and visceral fat.ConclusionIn conclusion, the concept that GDF‐15 is among the mediators of metformin's normalizing effects in individuals with obesity is herewith extended into childhood.
The Flesh of the Logos, Instrumentum divinitatis: Retrieving an Ancient Christological Doctrine
Authors: Moser J. David 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article defends Thomas Aquinas’s doctrine that Christ’s humanity is an instrument of the divinity (instrumentum divinitatis). This doctrine arises from biblical teaching that God saves us in Christ’s human actions and sufferings. Scripture raises the question of how God saves by human actions. This article argues that Aquinas’s ‘instrument doctrine’ answers this question. It expounds the doctrine, which is constituted in five propositional‐paragraphs drawn from Aquinas’s mature Christology, and contrasts it with another model of how Christ saves. Then it responds to two major objections to the doctrine. It concludes with two theological entailments for Christology.
Reshaping the murine immunoglobulin heavy chain repertoire with bovine DH genes
Authors: Di Yu , Cai Shuyi , Zheng Shunan , Huang Jinwei , Du Lijuan , Song Yu , Zhang Ming , Wang Zhao , Yu Guotao , Ren Liming , Han Haitang , Zhao Yaofeng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHaving a limited number of VH segments, cattle rely on uniquely long DH gene segments to generate CDRH3 length variation (3–70 aa) far greater than that in humans or mice. Bovine antibodies with ultralong CDRH3s (>50 aa) possess unusual structures and abilities to bind to special antigens. In this study, we replaced most murine endogenous DH segments with bovine DH genes, generating a mouse line termed B‐DH. The use of bovine DH genes significantly increased the length variation of CDRH3 and consequently the Ig heavy chain repertoire in B‐DH mice. However, no ultralong CDRH3 was observed in B‐DH mice, suggesting that other factors, in addition to long DH genes, are also involved in the formation of ultralong CDRH3. The B‐DH mice mounted a normal humoral immune response to various antigens, although the B‐cell developmental paradigm was obviously altered compared with wild‐type mice. Additionally, B‐DH mice are not predisposed to the generation of autoantibodies despite the interspecies DH gene replacement. The B‐DH mice reported in this study provide a unique model to answer basic questions regarding the synergistic evolution of DH and VH genes, VDJ recombination and BCR selection in B‐cell development.
The Ms. Olsen test: Measurement properties of a short test of nursing staffs’ competence in clinical decision‐making
Authors: Bing‐Jonsson Pia Cecilie , Boman Erika , Melin Jeanette 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimsTo assess the measurement properties of the Ms. Olsen test for registered nurses and assistant nurses, respectively, and suggest cut‐off points between competence levels.DesignCross‐sectional study. The results were analysed by implementing the Rasch Measurement Theory.MethodsNursing staff working in various health care settings participated (n = 757). To measure the competence of nursing staff in clinical decision‐making, a 19‐item scale from the Nursing Older People‐Competence Evaluation Tool—the ‘Ms. Olsen test’—was used. Data were collected in October 2017, 2018 and 2019.ResultsThe Ms. Olsen test showed reasonably good measurement properties for registered nurses and assistant nurses respectively. Results show slightly better measurement properties for registered nurses than for assistant nurses. The cut‐off for registered nurses, 0.62, corresponds to managing approximately two‐thirds of the items while, for assistant nurses, the cut‐off of 0.01 corresponds to managing approximately half of the items.ConclusionThe Ms. Olsen test is a short (7‐ to 10‐min) test measuring competence in clinical decision‐making among nursing staff working in older people nursing. Despite reasonably good measurement properties, this should be considered an initial validation in the development of a short test for assessing clinical decision‐making among nursing staff in various health care setting.ImpactSeveral scales aiming to measure nursing competence have been developed over the last decade, but measurement properties (beyond classical test theory) are seldom evaluated, few scales concern other staff groups than registered nurses and few scales have proposed or established cut‐offs for safe practice. The Ms. Olsen test is a short test of clinical decision‐making that demonstrates reasonably good measurement properties. Cut‐off points for registered nurses and assistant nurses were established. The Ms. Olsen test may be used to measure and evaluate competence in clinical decision‐making among nursing staff working in older people nursing and educational settings.
CXC chemokine ligand‐13 promotes metastasis via CXCR5‐dependent signaling pathway in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Chao Chia‐Chia , Lee Wei‐Fang , Wang Shih‐Wei , Chen Po‐Chun , Yamamoto Ayaho , Chang Tsung‐Ming , Weng Shun‐Long , Liu Ju‐Fang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe CXC chemokine ligand‐13 (CXCL13) is a chemoattractant of B cells and has been implicated in the progression of many cancers. So far, CXCL13 and its related receptor CXCR5 have been proved to regulate cancer cell migration as well as tumour metastasis. However, the role of CXCL13‐CXCR5 axis in metastasis of lung cancer is still poorly understood. In this study, we found that CXCL13 and CXCR5 were commonly up‐regulated in lung cancer specimens compared with normal tissues among different cohorts. Our evidence showed that CXCL13 obviously promoted migration of lung cancer cells, and this effect was mediated by vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1) expression. We also confirmed that CXCR5, the major receptor responsible for CXCL13 function, was required for CXCL13‐promoted cell migration. We also test the candidate components which are activated after CXCL13 treatment and found that phospholipase C‐β (PLCβ), protein kinase C‐α (PKCα) and c‐Src signalling pathways were involved in CXCL13‐promoted cell migration and VCAM‐1 expression in lung cancer cells. Finally, CXCL13 stimulated NF‐κB transcription factor in lung cancer cells, contributing to VCAM‐1 expression in translational level. These evidences propose a novel insight into lung cancer metastasis which is regulated by CXCL13.
Assessment of public intention to get vaccination against COVID‐19: Evidence from a developing country
Authors: Irfan Muhammad , Shahid Abdul Latif , Ahmad Munir , Iqbal Wasim , Elavarasan Rajvikram Madurai , Ren Siyu , Hussain Abid 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesWidespread acceptance of the COVID‐19 vaccine will be the next important step in fighting the novel coronavirus disease. Though the Pakistani government has successfully implemented robust policies to overcome the COVID‐19 pandemic; however, studies assessing public intention to get COVID‐19 vaccination (IGCV) are limited. The aim of this study is to deal with this literature gap and has also expanded the conceptual framework of planned behaviour theory. We have introduced three new considerations (risk perceptions of the pandemic, perceived benefits of the vaccine, and unavailability of vaccine) to have a better understanding of the influencing factors that encourage or discourage public IGCV.MethodsResults are based on a sample collected from 754 households using an inclusive questionnaire survey. Hypotheses are tested by utilizing the structural equation modelling approach.ResultsThe results disclose that the intention factors, that is, attitude, risk perceptions of the pandemic, and perceived benefits of the vaccine, impart positive effects on public IGCV. In contrast, the cost of the vaccine and the unavailability of the vaccine have negative effects. Notably, environmental concern has an insignificant effect.ConclusionsResearch findings emphasize the importance of publicizing the devastating impacts of COVID‐19 on society and the environment, ensuring vaccination availability at an accessible price while simultaneously improving public healthcare practices.
CRISPR/Sc++‐mediated genome editing in rice
Authors: Ma Guigen , Kuang Yongjie , Lu Zhenwan , Li Xueqi , Xu Ziyan , Ren Bin , Zhou Xueping , Zhou Huanbin 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTStreptococcus canis Cas9 (ScCas9) is an RNA‐guided endonuclease with NNG protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) specificity whose genome‐editing activity in rice is locus‐dependent. Here we investigated the performance of a ScCas9 variant named Sc++ at different NNG PAM sites in the rice genome; Sc++ harbors a T1227K mutation and the substitution of a positively charged loop (residues 367–376). Sc++ nuclease achieved broader genome editing compared to the original ScCas9, and its nickase improved targeted base editing in transgenic rice plants. Using the high‐efficiency adenine base editor rBE73b, we generated many new OsGS1 alleles suitable for screening of rice germplasm for potential herbicide resistance in the future. The CRISPR/Sc++ system expands the genome‐editing toolkit for rice.
My hip journey: A qualitative study of patients’ experiences of an eHealth program for patient preparation and recovery from hip replacement surgery
Authors: Saunders Rosemary , Seaman Karla , Emery Laura , Crompton Debra , Lynch Chantelle , Penjor Dorji , Sagar Sonali 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAim and objectiveTo explore patient experiences, perceived benefits and suggestions of an eHealth program for pre‐ and post‐operative education for total hip arthroplasty.BackgroundeHealth programs for surgical patients can facilitate the delivery of information, provide individualised rehabilitation plans and enable communication with health professionals to promote overall patient recovery.DesignA qualitative descriptive study was conducted following the COREQ guidelines. A convenience sample of nine patients who had total hip arthroplasty and used the My Hip Journey eHealth program were recruited and participated in individual semi‐structured telephone interviews. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using inductive thematic analysis.ResultsThe participant group were aged between 53 and 70 years. The results are described in three overarching themes and sub‐themes: (1) Supported surgical journey—how the My Hip Journey eHealth program supported them in their preparation and recovery from their surgery, and how the program provided information and encouraged engagement; (2) Motivated recovery—how patients found the program motivational, facilitated their self‐management and enabled communication with the healthcare team if they had any concern; and (3) Functionality—how the program related to ease of use, its interactivity with the patient and suggestions for future use.ConclusionsThe patients reported that using the eHealth program for pre‐ and post‐operative education was helpful to their overall surgical experience and recovery. It was found to engage patients in their care, enabled self‐management, encouraged communication with health professionals and motivated them with their recovery. These findings identify the potential for eHealth programs to support patients in the preparation and post‐operative stages, and in their post‐discharge self‐care for other surgical and orthopaedic journeys.Relevance to clinical practicePatient experiences of eHealth education can inform nurses of the benefits of eHealth and the development of future eHealth education programs.
Clinical effects of hypertonic saline boluses in children with severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: Read Claire , Wignell Andrew , Stewart Craig , Davies Patrick 
Published: August 2021

AimTo quantify the effects of 3% hypertonic saline (HTS) boluses on intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) in children.MethodsA retrospective study of patients admitted to a regional neurosurgical children's intensive care unit.ResultsA total of 156 HTS boluses were given to children with traumatic brain injury. ICP decreased 6 mmHg (P < 0.01) and CPP increased 4 mmHg (P = 0.003) 1‐h post‐bolus. Effects persisted for 3 h post‐dose ICP was 5 mmHg lower) and 4 h post‐bolus CPP was 3 mmHg higher. ICP change was not associated with pre‐bolus serum sodium concentration.ConclusionsHypertonic saline 3% at 5 mL/kg is an effective osmolar therapy for reducing ICP and increasing CPP in children for up to 3 h. ‘53–53’ is a suitable guide – 5 mL/kg of 3% HTS will on average decrease ICP by at least 5 mmHg for 3 h. Pre‐bolus serum sodium concentration is not correlated with effect size.
Reversibility of the gel, rheological, and structural properties of alcohol pretreated fish gelatin: Effect of alcohol types
Authors: Cen Shijie , Yu Wenwen , Yang Wenge , Lou Qiaoming , Huang Tao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe reversibility of gel property of alcohol (methanol, ethanol)‐pretreated fish gelatin (FG) were investigated through removing alcohol solutions by freeze drying. Results showed that the gel strength and the hardness of FG could be retained (1%, 40%) or even improved (1% methanol) using low or high concentration alcohol solutions, while decreased in medium concentration alcohol solutions. Compared with untreated FG, rheology results showed that, all alcohol solutions pretreated FG had lower apparent viscosity, while higher alcohol solutions pretreated ones decreased the gel and melt points and shorten the gelation time. Sodium dodecyl‐sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that methanol pretreated FG had the higher α contents than those of ethanol pretreated. Circular dichroism spectra results indicated that β‐sheet could be decreased after removing ethanol solutions, whereas the β‐sheet increased after removing the methanol solutions. Moreover, low field nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation test showed that pretreated FG had lower transverse relaxation times of internal water (T21 and T22) compared to that of the untreated FG. Overall, FG still retains higher gel properties after removing the low or high alcohol concentrations.
A strategy of idarucizumab for pericardial tamponade during perioperative period of atrial fibrillation ablation
Authors: Zhao Xin , Chen Li‐zhu , Su Xin , Long De‐yong , Sang Cai‐hua , Yu Rong‐Hui , Tang Ri‐bo , Bai Rong , Liu Nian , Jiang Chen‐xi , Li Song‐nan , Guo Xue‐yuan , Wang Wei , Du Xin , Dong Jian‐zeng , Ma Chang‐sheng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate theoptimal idarucizumab (dabigatran antagonist) usage strategy for patients with acute pericardial tamponade receiving uninterrupted dabigatran during catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF).MethodsTen patients presenting acute pericardial tamponade while receiving uninterrupted dabigatran during catheter ablation for AF in Beijing Anzhen Hospital from January 2019 to July 2020 were enrolled and retrospectively analyzed. A “wait and see” strategy of idarucizumab was carried out for all patients; in brief, idarucizumab was applied following pericardiocentesis, comprehensive evaluation of bleeding and hemostasis.ResultsThere were five males, five paroxysmal AF, and the average age of the patients was 64.0 ± 9.8 years. Among the 10 patients, four were treated with dabigatran 110 mg, six were treated with dabigatran 150 mg, and one was simultaneously given clopidogrel. The average time from pericardial tamponade to the last dose of dabigatran was 8.2 ± 3.4 h. All patients underwent pericardiocentesis successfully, and the average drainage volume was 322.5 ml (220.0 ± 935.0 ml). For reversal anticoagulation, six patients received protamine, and five patients received idarucizumab. Of the five patients who were treated with idarucizumab, four presented exact hemostasis, except for one patient who underwent continuous drainage and finally received surgery repair. The average time to restart anticoagulation was 1.1 ± 0.3 days after the procedure, and no rebleeding, embolism or deaths were observed.ConclusionThe “wait and see” strategy of idarucizumab for acute pericardial tamponade during the perioperative period of catheter ablation for AF may be safe and feasible.