bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Museum Security and Purloin: The Manhyia Palace Museum in perspective
Authors: Manu Emmanuel Boadi , Arthur Nana Ama Pokuaa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSecurity in the museum is integral to the preservation of cultural heritage. Security, however, includes both the protection of collections, visitors and staff. The author undertakes a case study of the security issues at the Manhyia Palace Museum in Ghana. The study determined that lack of adequate security has led to the loss of essential collections through pilferage. The paper examines how these collections were stolen, through content analysis and a series of open‐ended systematic qualitative interviews with core staff. The author then recommends appropriate measures to prevent further loss. The findings from this case study also leads to the author to consider the state of security fractures in this case study as typical of many museums in countries with similar economic and political challenges By presenting these theories about museum theft, the author offers a set of remedies to close the loop holes for the most common forms of loss. Furthermore, the author provides a foundation for future research into the topic.
Farmers' heterogeneous perceptions of marginal land for biofuel crops in US Midwestern states considering biophysical and socioeconomic factors
Authors: Yang Pan , Cai Ximing , Khanna Madhu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPlanting bioenergy crops on marginal land is critical for avoiding competition with food crop production. While many studies have estimated marginal land availability using various methods, only a few studies have considered the role of socioeconomic factors in affecting perceptions about the availability of marginal land. This study analyzes land‐use survey data to examine the determinants of farmers' perceptions of marginal land availability on their farms. We find that farmers' perceptions are affected by a combination of unfavorable biophysical (e.g., soil water capacity, temperature variability, and slope) and socioeconomic factors, of which farm size appears to be significant. Interestingly, we identify different determinants of perceptions among farmers that claim to have marginal land and those that do not; the former are determined mainly by unfavorable biophysical factors, while the latter are mainly explained by small farm size. We further apply a prediction model that is trained by a machine learning algorithm to Midwestern states, and derive maps of marginal land likelihood and associated dominant influencing factors. The results suggest that marginal land is primarily under pastureland and grassland cover and in the Dakotas and Nebraska; there is also some marginal land under crop production in the Corn Belt. Our findings contribute to improving understanding of the complex determinants of heterogeneous perceptions of marginal land and can inform the design of more targeted policies for bioenergy crop adoption.
Writing embodied generosity
Authors: Jääskeläinen Pauliina , Helin Jenny 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis writing‐story showcases the possibilities of shaking off limiting conventions and finding one's own way to academic writing. Pauliina had conducted fieldwork on “embodied facilitations,” through methods from dance and movement therapy, in three organizations. She then analyzed her material through thematic coding. This procedure, based on the logic of reduction, removed the diversity of embodied movements that were essential to her and the research participants. In searching for an alternative, we read Cixous' work on “generosity” where she emphasized how the “strangeness” of the other and of ourselves is not something to stay away from, but rather to embrace, during writing. This text, written as an interplay between us, illustrates how the generous stance opened a different approach to writing embodiment in research. We call it “writing embodied generosity”; an art‐inspired writing‐in‐movement through reading, drawing, and listening that overflows and surprises us as we write in embodied multiplicity.
Etiology is a predictor of recurrence after catheter ablation of ventricular arrhythmias in pediatric patients
Authors: Gulletta Simone , Vergara Pasquale , Vitulano Gennaro , Foppoli Luca , D'Angelo Giuseppe , Cireddu Manuela , Bisceglia Caterina , Paglino Gabriele , Sala Simone , Capogrosso Cristina , Pannone Luigi , Falasconi Giulio , Trevisi Nicola , Agricola Eustachio , Della Bella Paolo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundVentricular arrhythmias (VAs) are rare in pediatric patients, especially in absence of structural heart disease (SHD). Few data are available regarding the invasive VAs treatment with catheter ablation (CA) in pediatric patients and predictors of outcomes have not been fully investigated.ObjectiveTo describe the clinical presentation, procedural characteristics, and outcomes in pediatric patients undergoing CA for VAs.MethodsEighty‐one consecutive pediatric patients (58 male [72%], 15.5 ± 2.2 years) treated by CA for ventricular tachycardia (VT) or premature ventricular beats (PVBs) were retrospectively evaluated. Study endpoints were VAs recurrence and mortality for any cause.ResultsNinety‐five procedures were performed in 81 patients, 52 (55%) PVBs and 43 (45%) VT ablations. During a follow‐up of 35.0 months (interquartile range = 13.0–71.0), 14 patients (14.7%) had a VA recurrence: 11 (33.3%) patients treated with CA for VT and 3 (6.2%) patients treated for PVBs (p < .001). One patient (1%) died 26 months after the procedure during an electrical storm. Patients with SHD had higher VAs recurrence rate, as compared with idiopathic VAs (pairwise log‐rank p < .001). Patients treated with CA for VT had higher VA recurrence rate, as compared with PVB patients (pairwise log‐rank p = .002). At Cox multivariate analysis only SHD was an independent predictor of VAs recurrence (hazard ratio = 5.56, 95% confidence interval = 2.68–11.54, p < .001).ConclusionCA of VAs is effective and safe in a pediatric population. CA of idiopathic and fascicular VAs are associated with lower recurrence rate, than VAs in the setting of SHD.
Ventricular activation pattern assessment during right ventricular pacing: Ultra‐high‐frequency ECG study
Authors: Curila Karol , Jurak Pavel , Halamek Josef , Prinzen Frits , Waldauf Petr , Karch Jakub , Stros Petr , Plesinger Filip , Mizner Jan , Susankova Marketa , Prochazkova Radka , Sussenbek Ondrej , Viscor Ivo , Vondra Vlastimil , Smisek Radovan , Leinveber Pavel , Osmancik Pavel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundRight ventricular (RV) pacing causes delayed activation of remote ventricular segments. We used the ultra‐high‐frequency ECG (UHF‐ECG) to describe ventricular depolarization when pacing different RV locations.MethodsIn 51 patients, temporary pacing was performed at the RV septum (mSp); further subclassified as right ventricular inflow tract (RVIT) and right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) for septal inflow and outflow positions (below or above the plane of His bundle in right anterior oblique), apex, anterior lateral wall, and at the basal RV septum with nonselective His bundle or RBB capture (nsHBorRBBp). The timings of UHF‐ECG electrical activations were quantified as left ventricular lateral wall delay (LVLWd; V8 activation delay) and RV lateral wall delay (RVLWd; V1 activation delay).ResultsThe LVLWd was shortest for nsHBorRBBp (11 ms [95% confidence interval = 5–17]), followed by the RVIT (19 ms [11–26]) and the RVOT (33 ms [27–40]; p < .01 between all of them), although the QRSd for the latter two were the same (153 ms (148–158) vs. 153 ms (148–158); p = .99). RV apical capture not only had a longer LVLWd (34 ms (26–43) compared to mSp (27 ms (20–34), p < .05), but its RVLWd (17 ms (9–25) was also the longest compared to other RV pacing sites (mean values for nsHBorRBBp, mSp, anterior and lateral wall captures being below 6 ms), p < .001 compared to each of them.ConclusionRVIT pacing produces better ventricular synchrony compared to other RV pacing locations with myocardial capture. However, UHF‐ECG ventricular dysynchrony seen during RVIT pacing is increased compared to concomitant capture of basal septal myocytes and His bundle or proximal right bundle branch.
Association between motor proficiency and oral health in people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Baumgarten A. , Hilgert J. B. , Rech R. S. , Cunha‐Cruz J. , Goulart B. N. G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundPeople with intellectual disabilities (IDs) may be at increased risk of developing periodontal diseases and dental caries due to poor oral hygiene. Our aim was to investigate motor proficiency factors associated with presence of visible plaque and gingival bleeding in people with IDs. We were particularly interested in the level of dependence, manual coordination and fine manual control of people with ID, as well as the level of exhaustion of the primary caregiver.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 299 people with ID were evaluated for oral hygiene using the simplified Visible Plaque Index and for gum inflammation using the Gingival Bleeding Index. The Bruininks‐Oseretsky Motor Proficiency Test assessed motor proficiency through fine manual control (fine motor integration and fine motor precision) and manual coordination (manual dexterity and upper limb coordination). The level of dependence was assessed by the Katz dependency index, and the caregiver was tested for exhaustion using the fatigue severity scale. Prevalence ratios [and 95% confidence intervals (CI)] were calculated using crude and adjusted Poisson regression with robust variance.ResultsThe exhaustion of the caregiver was associated positively to visible plaque [prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.36; 95% CI 1.06–1.65]. For gingival bleeding, people with IDs that had better fine motor integration (PR = 0.49; 95% CI 0.33–0.75) and precision (PR = 0.50; 95% CI 0.26–0.94), as well as manual dexterity (PR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.49–0.77), presented better results.ConclusionPoor oral hygiene and gum inflammation were associated with motor proficiency of people with IDs and caregivers' exhaustion. Interventions to improve the oral health of people with IDs should take into account such conditions.
Facial malformations, including cleft lip and palate, in wild primates in Paraguay
Authors: Smith Rebecca L. , Blood Rachel , Smith Paul 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNine individual Alouatta caraya and Sapajus cay displaying facial malformations were observed across three sites in Paraguay. Six had cleft lip (with or without cleft palate), and three had malformations of the lower lip. This is the first record of cleft lip and/or palate in the genus Alouatta.
Trait evolution rates shape continental patterns of species richness in North America's most diverse angiosperm genus (Carex, Cyperaceae)
Authors: Pender Jocelyn E. , Hipp Andrew L. , Hahn Marlene , Starr Julian R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEcological opportunity has been associated with increases in diversification rates across the tree of life. Under an ecological diversification model, the emergence of novel environments is hypothesized to promote morpho‐ and ecospace evolution. Whether this model holds at the clade level within the most species‐rich angiosperm genus found in North America (Carex, Cyperaceae) is yet to be tested. Recent works demonstrate a temporal coupling of climate cooling and widespread colonization ofCarexin North America, implicating ecological diversification. In addition, research has consistently found asymmetric patterns of lineage‐level diversification in the genus. Why does variation in clade sizes exist in the genus? Is ecological diversification involved? In this study, we tested whether rates of morphological and ecological trait evolution are correlated with clade‐level species richness inCarexof North America north of Mexico. We constructed a phylogeny of 477 species—an almost complete regional sample. We estimated rates of evolution of morphological traits, habitat, and climatic niche and assessed whether differences in rates of evolution correlate with species richness differences in replicate non‐nested sister clades. Our work demonstrates significant positive correlations between climatic niche rates, habitat and reproductive morphological evolution, and species richness. This coupling of trait and niche evolution and species richness in a diverse, continental clade sample strongly suggests that the ability of clades to explore niche and functional space has shaped disparities in richness and functional diversity across the North American flora region. Our findings highlight the importance of the evolutionary history of trait and niche evolution in shaping continental and regional floras.
Research routes on improved sleep bruxism metrics: Toward a standardised approach
Authors: Lavigne Gilles , Kato Takafumi , Herrero Babiloni Alberto , Huynh Nelly , Dal Fabbro Cibele , Svensson Peter , Aarab Ghizlane , Ahlberg Jari , Baba Kazuyoshi , Carra Maria Clotilde , Cunha Thays Crosara A. , Gonçalves Daniela A. G. , Manfredini Daniele , Stuginski‐Barbosa Juliana , Wieckiewicz Mieszko , Lobbezoo Frank 
Published: March 2021

SummaryA recent report from the European Sleep Research Society’s task force “Beyond AHI” discussed an issue that has been a long‐term subject of debate – what are the best metrics for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) diagnosis and treatment outcome assessments? In a similar way, sleep bruxism (SB) metrics have also been a recurrent issue for >30 years and there is still uncertainty in dentistry regarding their optimisation and clinical relevance. SB can occur alone or with comorbidities such as OSA, gastroesophageal reflux disorder, insomnia, headache, orofacial pain, periodic limb movement, rapid eye movement behaviour disorder, and sleep epilepsy. Classically, the diagnosis of SB is based on the patient’s dental and medical history and clinical manifestations; electromyography is used in research and for complex cases. The emergence of new technologies, such as sensors and artificial intelligence, has opened new opportunities. The main objective of the present review is to stimulate the creation of a collaborative taskforce on SB metrics. Several examples are available in sleep medicine. The development of more homogenised metrics could improve the accuracy and refinement of SB assessment, while moving forward toward a personalised approach. It is time to develop SB metrics that are relevant to clinical outcomes and benefit patients who suffer from one or more possible negative consequences of SB.
Proteomic analysis reveals how pairing of a Mycorrhizal fungus with plant growth‐promoting bacteria modulates growth and defense in wheat
Authors: Vannini Candida , Domingo Guido , Fiorilli Valentina , Seco Daniel Garçia , Novero Mara , Marsoni Milena , Wisniewski‐Dye Florence , Bracale Marcella , Moulin Lionel , Bonfante Paola 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPlants rely on their microbiota for improving the nutritional status and environmental stress tolerance. Previous studies mainly focused on bipartite interactions (a plant challenged by a single microbe), while plant responses to multiple microbes have received limited attention. Here, we investigated local and systemic changes induced in wheat by two plant growth‐promoting bacteria (PGPB), Azospirillum brasilense and Paraburkholderia graminis, either alone or together with an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF). We conducted phenotypic, proteomic, and biochemical analyses to investigate bipartite (wheat–PGPB) and tripartite (wheat–PGPB–AMF) interactions, also upon a leaf pathogen infection. Results revealed that only AMF and A. brasilense promoted plant growth by activating photosynthesis and N assimilation which led to increased glucose and amino acid content. The bioprotective effect of the PGPB–AMF interactions on infected wheat plants depended on the PGPB‐AMF combinations, which caused specific phenotypic and proteomic responses (elicitation of defense related proteins, immune response and jasmonic acid biosynthesis). In the whole, wheat responses strongly depended on the inoculum composition (single vs. multiple microbes) and the investigated organs (roots vs. leaf). Our findings showed that AMF is the best‐performing microbe, suggesting its presence as the crucial one for synthetic microbial community development.
Poplar acetylome profiling reveals lysine acetylation dynamics in seasonal bud dormancy release
Authors: Liao Xiaoli , Li Yue , Hu Zhenzhu , Lin Ying , Zheng Bo , Ding Jihua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFor perennials in boreal and temperate ecosystems, bud dormancy is crucial for survival in harsh winter. Dormancy is released by prolonged exposure to low temperatures and is followed by reactive growth in the spring. Lysine acetylation (Kac) is one of the major post‐translational modifications (PTMs) that are involved in plant response to environmental signals. However, little information is available on the effects of Kac modification on bud dormancy release. Here, we report the dynamics of lysine acetylome in hybrid poplar (Populus tremula × Populus alba) dormant buds. A total of 7,594 acetyl‐sites from 3,281 acetyl‐proteins were identified, representing a large dataset of lysine acetylome in plants. Of them, 229 proteins were differentially acetylated during bud dormancy release and were mainly involved in the primary metabolic pathways. Site‐directed mutagenesis enzymatic assays showed that Kac strongly modified the activities of two key enzymes of primary metabolism, pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH). We thus propose that Kac of enzymes could be an important strategy for reconfiguration of metabolic processes during bud dormancy release. In all, our results reveal the importance of Kac in bud dormancy release and provide a new perspective to understand the molecular mechanisms of seasonal growth of trees.
The economic burden of tuberculosis in Sistan: a high‐risk region in Iran
Authors: Setoodehzadeh Fatemeh , Barfar Eshagh , Ansari Hossein , Sari Ali Akbari , Azizi Najmeh 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionTo estimate the economic burden of tuberculosis treatment in Sistan, the region with the highest number of tuberculosis cases in Iran.MethodsAll patients with smear‐positive pulmonary tuberculosis who had contracted tuberculosis in 2018 and successfully completed their treatment were interviewed.ResultsNinety patients with a mean age of 57 ± 18 years were interviewed. Most of them were women (58%), housewives (57%) and resided in rural areas (84%). The mean cost of treatment for tuberculosis was estimated as 6800 USD per patient. Direct costs were 87% of the total cost. Twenty‐two patients lost an average income of 530 USD (8514590 rials) during treatment. The results showed the significant correlation of direct and indirect costs with sex, age, place of residence and education (P < 0.05).ConclusionIt appears essential to improve social protection and implement interventions to promote knowledge in rural areas.
Assessment of the Loss Map of a Centrifugal Compressor's External Volute
Authors: Ceyrowsky Thomas , Hildebrandt Andre , Heinrich Martin , Schwarze Rüdiger 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA volute's loss coefficient is highly sensitive to Mach number, circumferential velocity, and flowrate at volute inlet. In case of a backswept impeller, these parameters are coupled to each other. Therefore, in order to investigate the effects of flowrate and flow angle separately, one would have to vary the diffuser width together with the flowrate, keeping the flow angle constant. This corresponds to coupling the volute with aerodynamically similar impellers, designed for higher and lower flowrates. Since this is elaborate, there is no adequate study available in open literature, assessing a volute's global loss map. In this work, a new numerical approach for the prediction of a volute's representative loss map is presented: The volute is calculated by means of steady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) as a standalone component. The inlet boundary conditions are carefully selected by means of one-dimensional calculations (1D) and applied together with different diffuser widths. This allows for the separate investigation of the impacts of flow angle, flowrate, and Mach number. Validation against full-stage CFD confirms the applicability of the standalone model. The results exhibit that minimum losses do not necessarily occur at the theoretical matching point but when the volute is either smaller or bigger, depending on the inlet flow angle. Investigations of the loss mechanisms at different operating conditions provide useful guidelines for volute design. Finally, the validity of these study's findings for volutes with different geometrical features is examined by comparison with experimental data as well as with full-stage CFD.
Investigation of Film Cooling Using Time-Resolved Stereo Particle Image Velocimetry
Authors: Stichling Katharina , Elfner Maximilian , Bauer Hans-Jörg 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the present study, an existing test rig at the Institute of Thermal Turbomachinery (ITS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), designed for generic film cooling studies is adopted to accommodate time-resolved stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (SPIV) measurements. Through a similarity analysis, the test rig geometry is scaled by a factor of about 20. Operating conditions of hot gas and cooling air inlet and exit can be imposed that are compliant with realistic engine conditions including density ratio (DR). The cooling air is supplied by a parallel-to-hot gas coolant flow-configuration with a coolant Reynolds number of 30, 000. Time-resolved and time-averaged stereo article image velocimetry data for a film cooling flow at high DR and a range of blowing ratios are presented in this study. The investigated film cooling hole constitutes a 10 deg–10 deg–10 deg laidback fan-shaped hole with a wide spacing of P/D = 8 to insure the absence of jet interaction. The inclination angle amounts to 35 deg. The time-resolved data indicate transient behavior of the film cooling jet.
On Oscillation Properties of Self-Adjoint Boundary Value Problems of Fourth Order
Authors: Vladimirov A. A. , Shkalikov A. A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The connection between the number of internal zeros of nontrivial solutions to fourth-order self-adjoint boundary value problems and the inertia index of these problems is studied. We specify the types of problems for which such a connection can be established. In addition, we specify the types of problems for which a connection between the inertia index and the number of internal zeros of the derivatives of nontrivial solutions can be established. Examples demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed new approach to an oscillatory problem are considered.