bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of cumulative dispersed energy between conventional phacoemulsification and femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery with two different lens fragmentation patterns
Authors: Lin Hung-Yuan , Kao Shu-Ting , Chuang Ya-Jung , Chen Shuan , Lin Pi-Jung 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe purpose of the study is to compare the total ultrasound power used between eyes undergoing different lens fragmentation patterns of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) and conventional phacoemulsification surgery (CPS). A total of 506 patient eyes underwent preoperative grading of lens opacity using the Lens Opacity Classification System III (LOCSIII). The eyes were divided into two subgroups: subgroup 1 had a LOCSIII grade of 1–3, and subgroup 2 had a LOCSIII grade of 4–6. The eyes underwent FLACS (LenSx) for clear corneal wound, capsulotomy, and lens fragmentation. Either a grid pattern or radial pattern was used for lens fragmentation. The eyes received one of the following three treatments: (1) CPS without femtosecond laser assistant, (2) FLACS with a grid pattern (FGP) lens fragment, or (3) FLACS with a quadrant pattern (FQP) lens fragment. The mean cumulative dispersed energy (CDE) for each subgroup and treatment was evaluated. The mean CDE was lower in the two FLACS groups (1.21±1.91 in FGP and 1.22±1.92 in FQP) than that in the CPG group (2.67±2.84). In subgroup 1, CDE was higher in the CPG group (1.54±1.18) as compared with the FLACS groups (0.16±0.31 in FGP and 0.74±1.17 in FQP; P<0.001). In subgroup 2, CDE was higher in the CPG (6.47±3.46) as compared with the FLACS groups (2.74±2.21 in FGP and 5.34±2.17 in FQP; P<0.001). CDE was lower in the two FLACS groups than that in the CPS group, and CDE was the lowest with FGP in both subgroups 1 and 2.
Ein Landwirtschaftsgesetz für Deutschland im Zeichen von Umweltschutz und Biodiversität –
Notwendigkeit, Funktion und Leitbild
Authors: Czybulka Detlef , Fischer-Hüftle Peter , Hampicke Ulrich , Köck Wolfgang , Martinez José 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Deutsche Naturschutzrechtstag (DNRT) hat 2018 in seiner “Leipziger Erklärung”
gefordert, ein nationales Landwirtschaftsgesetz mit Betreiberpflichten für die Betriebe zu schaffen,
mit dem der dramatische Rückgang der biologischen Vielfalt in der Agrarlandschaft gestoppt werden soll.
Gegen diese Stoßrichtung sind Einwände erhoben worden, u.a. im Hinblick auf europäische
Zuständigkeiten und begrenzte Bundesgesetzgebungskompetenzen. Die Autoren möchten aufzeigen,
dass das Nebeneinander von europäischem und deutschem Landwirtschaftsrecht im Zeichen der Biodiversität,
des Umwelt- und Tierschutzrechts neu geordnet werden kann und muss. Dabei ist der deutsche Gesetzgeber
in der Verantwortung und hat für die hier entworfene Konzeption auch die erforderlichen Kompetenzen.
Der Beitrag besteht aus zwei Teilen. Die vorliegende Abhandlung befasst sich mit Notwendigkeit, Funktion
und Leitbild eines neuen Landwirtschaftsgesetzes. Der demnächst folgende zweite Aufsatz widmet sich
den erforderlichen materiellen Regelungen und der Finanzierung.
Artificial intelligence-based inventory management: a Monte Carlo tree search approach
Authors: Preil Deniz , Krapp Michael 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe coordination of order policies constitutes a great challenge in supply chain inventory management as various stochastic factors increase its complexity. Therefore, analytical approaches to determine a policy that minimises overall inventory costs are only suitable to a limited extent. In contrast, we adopt a heuristic approach, from the domain of artificial intelligence (AI), namely, Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS). To the best of our knowledge, MCTS has neither been applied to supply chain inventory management before nor is it yet widely disseminated in other branches of operations research. We develop an offline model as well as an online model which bases decisions on real-time data. For demonstration purposes, we consider a supply chain structure similar to the classical beer game with four actors and both stochastic demand and lead times. We demonstrate that both the offline and the online MCTS models perform better than other previously adopted AI-based approaches. Furthermore, we provide evidence that a dynamic order policy determined by MCTS eliminates the bullwhip effect.
Resting‐State EEG Microstates Parallel Age‐Related Differences in Allocentric Spatial Working Memory Performance
Authors: Jabès Adeline , Klencklen Giuliana , Ruggeri Paolo , Michel Christoph M. , Banta Lavenex Pamela , Lavenex Pierre 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAlterations of resting-state EEG microstates have been associated with various neurological disorders and behavioral states. Interestingly, age-related differences in EEG microstate organization have also been reported, and it has been suggested that resting-state EEG activity may predict cognitive capacities in healthy individuals across the lifespan. In this exploratory study, we performed a microstate analysis of resting-state brain activity and tested allocentric spatial working memory performance in healthy adult individuals: twenty 25–30-year-olds and twenty-five 64–75-year-olds. We found a lower spatial working memory performance in older adults, as well as age-related differences in the five EEG microstate maps A, B, C, C′ and D, but especially in microstate maps C and C′. These two maps have been linked to neuronal activity in the frontal and parietal brain regions which are associated with working memory and attention, cognitive functions that have been shown to be sensitive to aging. Older adults exhibited lower global explained variance and occurrence of maps C and C′. Moreover, although there was a higher probability to transition from any map towards maps C, C′ and D in young and older adults, this probability was lower in older adults. Finally, although age-related differences in resting-state EEG microstates paralleled differences in allocentric spatial working memory performance, we found no evidence that any individual or combination of resting-state EEG microstate parameter(s) could reliably predict individual spatial working memory performance. Whether the temporal dynamics of EEG microstates may be used to assess healthy cognitive aging from resting-state brain activity requires further investigation.
Neural Mechanisms Underlying Human Auditory Evoked Responses Revealed By Human Neocortical Neurosolver
Authors: Kohl Carmen , Parviainen Tiina , Jones Stephanie R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAuditory evoked fields (AEFs) are commonly studied, yet their underlying neural mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we used the biophysical modelling software Human Neocortical Neurosolver (HNN) whose foundation is a canonical neocortical circuit model to interpret the cell and network mechanisms contributing to macroscale AEFs elicited by a simple tone, measured with magnetoencephalography. We found that AEFs can be reproduced by activating the neocortical circuit through a layer specific sequence of feedforward and feedback excitatory synaptic drives, similar to prior simulation of somatosensory evoked responses, supporting the notion that basic structures and activation patterns are preserved across sensory regions. We also applied the modeling framework to develop and test predictions on neural mechanisms underlying AEF differences in the left and right hemispheres, as well as in hemispheres contralateral and ipsilateral to the presentation of the auditory stimulus. We found that increasing the strength of the excitatory synaptic cortical feedback inputs to supragranular layers simulates the commonly observed right hemisphere dominance, while decreasing the input latencies and simultaneously increasing the number of cells contributing to the signal accounted for the contralateral dominance. These results provide a direct link between human data and prior animal studies and lay the foundation for future translational research examining the mechanisms underlying alteration in this fundamental biomarker of auditory processing in healthy cognition and neuropathology.
Deliberating or Stalling for Justice? Dynamics of Corporate Remediation and Victim Resistance Through the Lens of Parentalism: The Fundão dam Collapse and the Renova Foundation in Brazil
Authors: Maher Rajiv 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUsing the political corporate social responsibility (PCSR) lens of parentalism, this paper investigates the more subtle and less-visible interactional dynamics and strategies of power, resistance and justification that manifest between a multi-stakeholder-governed foundation and victims of a mining corporation’s dam collapse. The Renova Foundation was established to provide remedy through a deliberative approach to hundreds of thousands of victims from Brazil’s worst socio-environmental disaster—the collapse of Samarco Mining Corporation’s Fundão tailings dam. Data were collected from a combination of fieldwork and archival analysis to assess the perceptions of victims, their defenders and foundation executives. The findings reveal 12 dialectical tensions from Renova’s attempts to remedy the victim’s injustices. The case analysis contributes through proposing a dialectical process model of stakeholder resistance and subversion to parentalist PCSR. The case reveals the pivotal use of time via the act of stalling as a strategic resource to exhaust victims and reach settlements. Furthermore, organizations justify their parentalism by blaming delays on the bureaucracy and shared responsibility of multi-stakeholder deliberation. Ultimately, I contend that victims must have an equal voice in the outcome of their remediation and that businesses responsible for causing harm should not decide these matters.
Kinematic Cooperative Optimization Control Algorithm for Underground Heavy-Load Robot
Authors: Fang Lixia , Wang Tong , Wang Pengjiang , Hou Chenxin , Wu Miao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBecause of complex and strong coupling system, the precision and adaptability of underground robots are greatly restricted. Based on the newly developed intelligent underground heavy-load robot which is still a gap to fill in current coal mine machinery, this paper proposes a new dynamic cooperative optimization control algorithm. Firstly, the complex and strongly coupled Multi-disciplinary Design Optimization system of the robot is decoupled into horizontal/vertical motion space with the idea of hierarchical target transmission, in order to weaken the strong coupling relationship between each hydraulic loop. Then, the spatial posture coefficient is introduced into main/auxiliary feedback control loop in horizontal/vertical motion space, to realize optimal collaborative control of each hydraulic loop under the premise of weak coupling between each control loop, so as to obtain the precise dynamic control signals of each hydraulic loop, and finally realize the optimal control of overall system for the robot. Lastly, the experiment and simulation verify that the DCO control algorithm presented in this paper can obtain better control results: The executive efficiency of the overall system is improved by 14.2%; The control flow is saved by 9.98%, and the executive precision meets the engineering and technical requirements. This paper provides a new efficient method and idea for the control system of intelligent underground heavy-load robots. Furthermore, the algorithm has reference value on development and design of high precise control system for the same kind of complex intelligent engineering machinery products.
Dual-density-based reweighted $$\ell _{1}$$-algorithms for a class of $$\ell _{0}$$-minimization problems
Authors: Xu Jialiang , Zhao Yun-Bin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe optimization problem with sparsity arises in many areas of science and engineering such as compressed sensing, image processing, statistical learning and data sparse approximation. In this paper, we study the dual-density-based reweighted $$\ell _{1}$$

ℓ
1

-algorithms for a class of $$\ell _{0}$$

ℓ
0

-minimization models which can be used to model a wide range of practical problems. This class of algorithms is based on certain convex relaxations of the reformulation of the underlying $$\ell _{0}$$

ℓ
0

-minimization model. Such a reformulation is a special bilevel optimization problem which, in theory, is equivalent to the underlying $$\ell _{0}$$

ℓ
0

-minimization problem under the assumption of strict complementarity. Some basic properties of these algorithms are discussed, and numerical experiments have been carried out to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithms. Comparison of numerical performances of the proposed methods and the classic reweighted $$\ell _1$$

ℓ
1

-algorithms has also been made in this paper.
Indicative conditionals: probabilities and relevance
Authors: Berto Francesco , Özgün Aybüke 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe propose a new account of indicative conditionals, giving acceptability and logical closure conditions for them. We start from Adams’ Thesis: the claim that the acceptability of a simple indicative equals the corresponding conditional probability. The Thesis is widely endorsed, but arguably false and refuted by empirical research. To fix it, we submit, we need a relevance constraint: we accept a simple conditional $$\varphi \rightarrow \psi$$

φ
→
ψ

to the extent that (i) the conditional probability $$\mathrm{p}(\psi |\varphi )$$

p
(
ψ
|
φ
)

is high, provided that (ii) $$\varphi$$
φ
is relevant for $$\psi$$
ψ
. How (i) should work is well-understood. It is (ii) that holds the key to improve our understanding of conditionals. Our account has (i) a probabilistic component, using Popper functions; (ii) a relevance component, given via an algebraic structure of topics or subject matters. We present a probabilistic logic for simple indicatives, and argue that its (in)validities are both theoretically desirable and in line with empirical results on how people reason with conditionals.
Meteoroids as One of the Sources for Exosphere Formation on Airless Bodies in the Inner Solar System
Authors: Janches Diego , Berezhnoy Alexey A. , Christou Apostolos A. , Cremonese Gabriele , Hirai Takayuki , Horányi Mihály , Jasinski Jamie M. , Sarantos Menelaos 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis manuscript represents a review on progress made over the past decade concerning our understanding of meteoroid bombardment on airless solar system bodies as one of the sources of the formation of their exospheres. Specifically, observations at Mercury by MESSENGER and at the Moon by LADEE, together with progress made in dynamical models of the meteoroid environment in the inner solar system, offer new tools to explore in detail the physical phenomena involved in this complex relationship. This progress is timely given the expected results during the next decade that will be provided by new missions such as DESTINY+, BepiColombo, the Artemis program or the Lunar Gateway.
Characterization of microbial response to petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in a lacustrine ecosystem
Authors: D’Ugo Emilio , Bruno Milena , Mukherjee Arghya , Chattopadhyay Dhrubajyoti , Giuseppetti Roberto , De Pace Rita , Magurano Fabio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMicrobiomes of freshwater basins intended for human use remain poorly studied, with very little known about the microbial response to in situ oil spills. Lake Pertusillo is an artificial freshwater reservoir in Basilicata, Italy, and serves as the primary source of drinking water for more than one and a half million people in the region. Notably, it is located in close proximity to one of the largest oil extraction plants in Europe. The lake suffered a major oil spill in 2017, where approximately 400 tons of crude oil spilled into the lake; importantly, the pollution event provided a rare opportunity to study how the lacustrine microbiome responds to petroleum hydrocarbon contamination. Water samples were collected from Lake Pertusillo 10 months prior to and 3 months after the accident. The presence of hydrocarbons was verified and the taxonomic and functional aspects of the lake microbiome were assessed. The analysis revealed specialized successional patterns of lake microbial communities that were potentially capable of degrading complex, recalcitrant hydrocarbons, including aromatic, chloroaromatic, nitroaromatic, and sulfur containing aromatic hydrocarbons. Our findings indicated that changes in the freshwater microbial community were associated with the oil pollution event, where microbial patterns identified in the lacustrine microbiome 3 months after the oil spill were representative of its hydrocarbonoclastic potential and may serve as effective proxies for lacustrine oil pollution.
Einfluss gestufter Lernhilfen als Unterstützungsmaßnahme beim Experimentieren auf den Lernerfolg im Biologieunterricht
Authors: Stiller Cornelia , Wilde Matthias 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungProblemlöseaufgaben wie naturwissenschaftliche Schülerexperimente können von Lernenden oft nicht ohne Unterstützung bearbeitet werden. Diese Unterstützung können gestufte Lernhilfen bieten. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde untersucht, inwiefern gestufte Lernhilfen beim Experimentieren Auswirkungen auf den Wissenszuwachs haben und inwiefern der Wissenszuwachs vom Vorwissen beeinflusst wird. Lernende der Experimentalgruppe (EG) arbeiteten während des Experimentierens mit gestuften Lernhilfen, während die Kontrollgruppe (KG) keine zusätzlichen Unterstützungsmaßnahmen erhielt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich beide Gruppen hinsichtlich des prozeduralen Wissenszuwachs zugunsten der EG signifikant unterschieden, nicht aber bezüglich des konzeptuellen Wissenszuwachses. Sowohl konzeptuelles als auch prozedurales Vorwissen konnten als Prädiktor für konzeptuelles bzw. prozedurales Wissen nach dem Unterricht identifiziert werden. Zusätzlich erwies sich das Treatment als Prädiktor für das prozedurale Wissen im Nachtest, interagierte aber nicht signifikant mit dem Vorwissen. Es ist demnach davon auszugehen, dass Lerner unabhängig vom Vorwissen von den gestuften Lernhilfen profitieren können.
Environmentally acquired chemical camouflage affects Pieris brassicae L. host plant selection and orientation behaviour of a larval parasitoid
Authors: Bui Thuy Nga T. , Himanen Sari J. , Holopainen Jarmo K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEnvironmentally acquired chemical camouflage is a phenomenon, where a plant growing close to a strong volatile organic compound (VOC) emitter will adsorb and re-emit the VOCs produced by the neighbouring plant. The re-emitted volatile bouquet may resemble more the VOC composition of the neighbour than plant’s own typical odour, and thus act as chemical camouflage against insect detection, potentially simultaneously providing associational resistance towards herbivory. We exposed a pest-sensitive horticultural crop, Brassica oleracea var. italica (broccoli) cv. Lucky, to the volatiles emitted by Rhododendron tomentosum [RT] twigs and assessed the host selection by ovipositing females and larval instars of the major caterpillar pest Pieris brassicae between RT-exposed and control plants. Potential impact of RT exposure on herbivore natural enemies was studied using behavioural tests with a parasitoid wasp Cotesia glomerata. P. brassicae females laid significantly less eggs and egg clusters were fewer on RT-exposed plants at both night-time (6 °C) and daytime (22 °C) temperatures. Larvae preferred leaves from control plants over RT-exposed plants at both temperatures. Preceding RT-exposure did not disturb orientation of parasitoid wasp Cotesia glomerata females towards B. oleracea plants damaged by its host P. brassicae. However, host-damaged control plants were favoured by the parasitoid over RT-exposed, host-damaged plants. Our results suggest that companion plant based chemical camouflage as a mechanism of pest suppression could be developed as an additional tool for the integrated pest management toolbox in agriculture.
Dietary Interventions in Liver Diseases: Focus on MAFLD and Cirrhosis
Authors: Vuille-Lessard Élise , Lange Naomi , Riebensahm Carlotta , Dufour Jean-François , Berzigotti Annalisa 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurpose of ReviewDietary interventions (DI) aimed at improving overweight and metabolic abnormalities in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and at reducing malnutrition and sarcopenia in cirrhosis should become part of routine care in hepatology. This review focuses on recent advances in this field.Recent FindingsIn patients with MAFLD, a gradual reduction, respectively, of 7–10% of body weight if overweight or of 3–5% if lean, obtained by moderately reducing caloric intake, is effective to improve liver disease. Intermittent energy restriction might be an alternative to continuous energy restriction with higher adherence. Qualitative dietary adjustments should include increased intake of unprocessed foods including fruits and vegetables, whole grains, fiber, and unsaturated fatty acids (FAs), for example, through a Mediterranean diet. Refined carbohydrates (CHOs), saturated FA (SFAs), red meat, and processed meat should be limited. DI studies in HIV-infected subjects with MAFLD are very limited, and this is a field for future research. In patients with cirrhosis, DI should aim at correcting malnutrition and improving skeletal muscle mass. Daily diet contents should aim at achieving 30–35 kcal/kg of body weight, including 1.2–1.5 g/kg proteins, and oral or enteral supplementation might be used in patients unable to achieve these targets. In some studies, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) proved to be effective in improving muscle mass and were associated with a lower risk of hepatic encephalopathy. Obesity requires adjustment of the above-mentioned targets, and its management is challenging. Studies looking at the efficacy of DI recommended by the existing guidelines on clinical endpoints are a field for future research.SummaryDietary interventions are able to improve MAFLD and show potential to reduce complications in liver disease. Despite its key importance, there are many barriers limiting the implementation of DI in patients with chronic liver disease. Patients’ empowerment is crucial and should be the focus of specific educational programs. In addition, liver clinics would benefit from multidisciplinary teams involving experts in nutrition, physical exercise, primary care physicians, and psychologists when needed.