bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-DOA estimation based on the KR image tensor and improved estimation network
Authors: Yuan Ye , Wu Shuang , Yang Yong , Yuan Naichang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDeep neural networks have shown great performance for direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation problem, but it is necessary to design some suitable networks to solve the multi-DOA estimation problem. In this paper, we use Khatri–Rao product to increase the degree of freedom of antenna array and obtain the image tensor of covariance matrix, then we propose an improved estimation network to process the tensor. We use the curriculum learning scheme and partial label strategy to develop a CurriculumNet training scheme. The training/validation results shows that the proposed training scheme can increase the generalization of the estimation network and improve the accuracy of network around $$10\%$$

10
%

. The estimation performance of the proposed network shows high-resolution results, which can distinguish two adjacent signals with angle difference of $$3^\circ $$

3
∘

. Moreover, the proposed estimation network has root mean square estimation error lower than $$1^\circ $$

1
∘

when signal noise ratio equals $$-\,10\,{\mathrm {dB}}$$

-

10

dB

and can estimate DOAs precisely by only 8 snapshots, which performs much better than prior deep neural network based estimation methods and can estimate multi-DOA results under hostile estimation environments.
Working for food is related to range use in free-range broiler chickens
Authors: Ferreira Vitor Hugo Bessa , Simoni Arthur , Germain Karine , Leterrier Christine , Lansade Léa , Collin Anne , Mignon-Grasteau Sandrine , Le Bihan-Duval Elisabeth , Guettier Elodie , Leruste Hélène , Calandreau Ludovic , Guesdon Vanessa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWhen animals prefer to make efforts to obtain food instead of acquiring it from freely available sources, they exhibit what is called contrafreeloading. Recently, individual differences in behavior, such as exploration, were shown to be linked to how prone an individual may be to contrafreeload. In this work, our main objective was to test whether and how individual differences in range use of free-range broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) were related to the individual motivation to contrafreeload. We also verified whether other behavioral variations could relate to range use. To that aim, over three different periods (before range access, first weeks of range access, and last weeks of range access), chickens with different ranging levels (low and high rangers) were submitted to a contrafreeloading test and had different behaviors recorded (such as foraging, resting, locomotion) in their home environment. During the contrafreeloading test, chickens were conditioned to one chamber presenting a foraging substrate and mealworms, while in the other chamber, mealworms were freely available on the floor. During testing trials, chickens had access to both empty chambers, and the time spent in each chamber was quantified. On average, low rangers preferred the chamber where mealworms were easily accessible (without the foraging substrate), while high rangers preferred the chamber where mealworms were accessible with difficulty, showing greater contrafreeloading. Out of ten behaviors recorded in chickens' home environment, foraging was the only one that differed significantly between our two ranging groups, with low rangers foraging, on average, significantly less than high rangers. These results corroborate previous experiences suggesting that range use is probably linked to chickens' exploratory trait and suggest that individual differences in free-range broiler chickens are present even before range access. Increasing our knowledge of individual particularities is a necessary step to improve free-range chicken welfare on the farm.
2D layered SiP as anisotropic nonlinear optical material
Authors: Sar Huseyin , Gao Jie , Yang Xiaodong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) material of silicon phosphide (SiP) has recently been shown as a promising optical material with large band gap, fast photoresponse and strong anisotropy. However, the nonlinear optical properties of 2D SiP have not been investigated yet. Here, the thickness-dependent in-plane anisotropic third-harmonic generation (THG) from the mechanically exfoliated 2D layered SiP flakes is reported. The crystal orientation of the SiP flake is determined by the angle-resolved polarized Raman spectroscopy. The angular dependence of the THG emission with respect to the incident linear polarization is found to be strongly anisotropic with the two-fold polarization dependence pattern. Furthermore, the effect of the SiP flake thickness on the THG power is analyzed.
Machine learning based tissue analysis reveals Brachyury has a diagnosis value in breast cancer
Authors: Li Kaichun , Wang Qiaoyun , Lu Yanyan , Pan Xiaorong , Liu Long , Cheng Shiyu , Wu Bingxiang , Song Zongchang , Gao Wei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: The aim of the present study was to confirm the role of Brachyury in breast cancer and to verify whether four types of machine learning models can use Brachyury expression to predict the survival of patients.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of the medical records to obtain patient information, and made the patient’s paraffin tissue into tissue chips for staining analysis. We selected 303 patients for research and implemented four machine learning algorithms, including multivariate logistic regression model, decision tree, artificial neural network and random forest, and compared the results of these models with each other. Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was used to compare the results.
Results: The chi-square test results of relevant data suggested that the expression of Brachyury protein in cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in paracancerous tissues (P=0.0335); patients with breast cancer with high Brachyury expression had a worse overall survival (OS) compared with patients with low Brachyury expression. We also found that Brachyury expression was associated with ER expression (P=0.0489). Subsequently, we used four machine learning models to verify the relationship between Brachyury expression and the survival of patients with breast cancer. The results showed that the decision tree model had the best performance (AUC = 0.781).
Conclusions: Brachyury is highly expressed in breast cancer and indicates that patients had a poor prognosis. Compared with conventional statistical methods, decision tree model shows superior performance in predicting the survival status of patients with breast cancer.
Visualizing the Esophagus During Modified Barium Swallow Studies: A Systematic Review
Authors: Reedy Erin L. , Herbert Teri Lynn , Bonilha Heather Shaw 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
Despite the emphasis on using evidence-based practice for patient care, as clinicians, we sometimes find that there is insufficient evidence to support our clinical practices. One example of this is the “contentious” inclusion of routine, standardized visualization of the esophagus during modified barium swallow studies (MBSSs). This review sought to investigate the evidence for inclusion of routine esophageal visualization during the MBSS, a practice that is supported by the long-established interrelationship between all aspects of the oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal swallowing continuum.

Method
Searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL databases. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines were followed to identify articles that met prespecified inclusion and exclusion terms.

Results
Five articles were included in this review, which identified that esophageal findings were present in 48.67% of those participants whose MBSS included esophageal visualization.

Conclusion
This review supports a standardized, validated, reliable visualization protocol of the esophagus during the MBSS as a critical component to the accurate diagnosis and formulation of treatment recommendations for patients with swallowing disorders.
Remote Assessment of Verbal Memory in Youth With Cochlear Implants During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kronenberger William G. , Montgomery Caitlin J. , Henning Shirley C. , Ditmars Allison , Johnson Courtney A. , Herbert Carolyn J. , Pisoni David B. 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
Youth with cochlear implants (CIs) are at risk for delays in verbal short-term memory (STM)/working memory (WM), which adversely affect language, neurocognitive, and behavioral outcomes. Assessment of verbal STM/WM is critical for identifying and addressing these delays, but standard assessment procedures require face-to-face (FTF) administration. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility and validity of remote testing methods (teleassessment) of verbal STM/WM in youth with CIs as a method of addressing COVID-19–related restrictions on FTF test administration.

Method
Tests of verbal STM/WM for nonwords, digit spans, letter–number sequences, sentences, and stories were individually administered by speech-language pathologists over a teleassessment platform to 28 youth (aged 9–22 years) with CIs and 36 same-aged normal-hearing peers. Examiners, parents, and participants completed quality and satisfaction ratings with the teleassessment procedure. Teleassessment scores were compared to results of tests obtained at FTF visits an average of 1.6 years earlier.

Results
Quality and satisfaction ratings for teleassessment were high and in almost all cases did not differ between the CI and normal-hearing samples. Youth with CIs scored lower than normal-hearing peers on measures of verbal STM/WM, and scores for digit span and letter–number sequencing did not differbetween teleassessment and FTF methods. Correlations across teleassessment and FTF visits were strong for digit span, letter–number sequencing, and sentence memory, but were more modest for nonword repetition.

Conclusion
With some caveats, teleassessment of verbal STM/WM was feasible and valid for youth with CIs.
Constraining the intrinsic population of long gamma-ray bursts: Implications for spectral correlations, cosmic evolution, and their use as tracers of star formation
Authors: Palmerio J. T. , Daigne F. 
Published: March 2021

Aims.Long gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) have been shown to be powerful probes of the Universe, in particular for studying the star formation rate up to very high redshift (z ∼ 9). Since LGRBs are produced by only a small fraction of massive stars, it is paramount to have a good understanding of their underlying intrinsic population in order to use them as cosmological probes without introducing any unwanted bias. The goal of this work is to constrain and characterise this intrinsic population.Methods.We developed a Monte Carlo model where each burst is described by its redshift and its properties at the peak of the light curve. We derived the best fit parameters by comparing our synthetic populations to carefully selected observational constraints based on the CGRO/BATSE,Fermi/GBM andSwift/BAT samples with appropriate flux thresholds. We explored different scenarios in terms of the cosmic evolution of the luminosity function and/or of the redshift distribution as well as including or not the presence of intrinsic spectral-energetics (Ep − L) correlations.Results.We find that the existence of an intrinsicEp − Lcorrelation is preferred but with a shallower slope than observed (αA ∼ 0.3) and a larger scatter (∼0.4 dex). We find a strong degeneracy between the cosmic evolution of the luminosity and of the LGRB rate, and show that a sample both larger and deeper than SHOALS by a factor of three is needed to lift this degeneracy.Conclusions.The observedEp − Lcorrelation cannot be explained only by selection effects although these do play a role in shaping the observed relation. The degeneracy between the cosmic evolution of the luminosity function and of the redshift distribution of LGRBs should be included in the uncertainties of star formation rate estimates; these amount to a factor of 10 atz = 6 and up to a factor of 50 atz = 9.
The Development and Status of Eye Banking with Special Focus on the Commitment of LIONS Clubs
Authors: Scholtz Sibylle Katharina , Auffarth Gerd Uwe , Hellwinkel Olaf , Kampik Daniel , Maier Philip Christian , Seitz Berthold , Wegner Thomas , Krogmann Frank , Rosenbaum Katja , Geerling Gerd 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background Ever since the first successful keratoplasty in 1905, there has been a need to store corneas for transplantation. R. Townley Paton founded the first eye bank in New York in 1944. With Helen Kellerʼs call in 1925 for LIONS to “constitute themselves Knights of the Blind in the crusade against darkness”, LIONS Clubs International has become involved in the establishment of eye banks worldwide. This paper presents the development of eye banking in general and with special attention to the support offered by LIONS Clubs.
Methods Selective literature search through PubMed, Google Scholar and Google in close cooperation with the LIONS Eye Banks already established in Germany, LIONS Clubs International (USA) and the Julius Hirschberg Society (Austria). Analysis focused on the founding processes of 6 German eye banks and their current services.
Results Filatov was the first to keep donor eyes in a cool, moist container for a few days. In 1973, Summerlin et al described the technique of organ culture for donor corneas, and McCarey & Kaufman described a liquid storage medium in 1974. LIONS Clubs International and their organisational structure first supported an eye bank in the US in 1952, outside America in Hong Kong in 1962 and in Germany in 1969. Funding is provided across all levels of LIONS as network support and material resources. In general, staff funding is not provided. Of the 88 eye banks operating worldwide today, 44 are called LIONS Eye Banks. 6 of the current 26 eye banks in Germany are operating under LIONS sponsorship and run by departments of ophthalmology at university medical centres. Although the number of transplants has increased in recent years due to new surgical techniques, the number of patients waiting for donor tissue is also growing as a result of the broadening
indication.
Conclusions Even today, the availability of donor corneas limits patient care. Eye banks help to meet the need for donor corneas. However, the techniques and technical equipment of eye banks must undergo continuous improvement. The local, national and international network of LIONS Clubs can assist in establishing these in order to facilitate legal requirements and structural developments. This support frequently lasts for many years, often triggers additional public commitment and is thus also a supporting element for the future development of eye banking in Germany.
The Eye of the CT Scanner: The story of learning to see the invisible or from the fluorescent screen to the photon-counting detector
Authors: Schlemmer Heinz-Peter 
Published: March 2021

Roentgen’s photographs with the “new kind of rays” triggered a worldwide storm of enthusiasm in all social circles. It was a stroke of luck that the photographic dry plates available to him were also sensitive to invisible X-rays. The discovery, research and utilization of X-rays are based on methods for making them visible, from fluorescent screens to photographic plates and digital X-ray detectors. From this point of view, this paper aims to outline the 125-year success story of X-ray imaging from its discovery to the recent development of photon-counting detectors. The scientific-historical view during the transition from the 19th to the 20th century reveals an impressive period of profound scientific and social upheaval in which revolutionary discoveries and technological developments led to enormous progress in medicine. The cross-fertilization of physics and medicine and their combination with inventiveness, engineering and entrepreneurial spirit created the impressive possibilities of today’s imaging diagnostics. This contribution accompanies the Roentgen Lecture the author gave on November 13, 2020 in Roentgen’s birth house as part of its inauguration and the closing ceremony of the 101st Congress of the German Roentgen Society in Remscheid-Lennep.
Key Points:

Citation Format
How Implementing a Quality Management System at the LIONS Eye Bank Saar-Lor-Lux, Trier/Western Palatinate from 2006 to 2016 Impacted the Rate and Reasons for Discarding Human Organ-Cultured Corneas
Authors: Laun Daniel , Suffo Shady , Kramp Kristina , Bischoff Mona , Huber Manuela , Langenbucher Achim , Seitz Berthold 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to explore how the implementation of the quality management system (QM; according to DIN EN ISO 9001 : 2008) at the LIONS Eye Bank impacted the rate and reasons for discarding donated corneas. The QM system was introduced in November 2010.
Material and methods The rate of and reasons for discarding cornea tissues at the LIONS Eye Bank Saar-Lor-Lux,Trier/Western Palatinate from 2006 to 2016 were analysed retrospectively. 4,140 corneas from 2,084 donors were analysed. 1,640 corneas were processed before the QM system had been introduced and 2,500 corneas thereafter. Main reasons for discarding cornea tissues were endothelial quality, contamination of the medium and a positive conjunctival swab. The data was extracted from clinical files and data filing systems, entered into a Microsoft Access database and analysed statistically with SPSS.
Outcome Following the implementation of a QM system, the discard rate decreased significantly from 50.1% to 39.7% (p < 0.0001). Prior to the implementation of the QM system, 493 (30.1%) cornea tissues had been discarded due to endothelial quality, while this figure improved significantly to 604 (24.2%) after the QM system had been implemented (p < 0.0001). Contamination was the reason for discarding tissue in 173 (10.5%) cases before implementation of the QM system, and in 124 (5.0%) cases thereafter (p < 0.0001). Positive conjunctival swab was the reason for discarding tissue in 10 (0.6%) cases before the QM system had been implemented, and in 53 (2.1%) cases thereafter (p < 0.0001).
Conclusion Implementation of a QM system significantly reduced the rate of discarded donor tissue in the LIONS Eye Bank. Better management of contamination as a reason for discarding cornea tissues can be attributed to improved standards, protocols and training that are part of this QM system.
Tectonic Eccentric Penetrating Sclerokeratoplasty à chaud as Treatment for Peripheral Perforated or Predescemetal Corneal Ulceration
Authors: Kohlhaas Markus , Zey Edita , Perdikakis Georgios , Iraklis Vastardis , Gökel Gürol , Fili Sofia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background Tectonic eccentric sclerokeratoplasty à chaud is a very complex corneal operation and aims to preserve the eyeball and possibly to improve visual acuity in patients with
peripheral corneal ulcerations or perforating corneal trauma.
Methods 1650 eyes received corneal transplants in our clinic between 2006 and 2019. 14 of these 1650 eyes (0.8%) had a perforated or predescemetal peripheral corneal ulceration and
these were treated between 2006 and 2019 with a tectonic eccentric sclerokeratoplasty à chaud. The mean age of the 8 women and 6 men included in this case series was 63 years (22 – 91
years).
Results In the postoperative follow-up period, most complications and reoperations occurred in the first 6 months. Re-ulceration was observed in 2 cases as well as early suture
loosening in 12 patients. These 2 cases were treated with a partial conjunctival flap. Additionally, prolonged superficial wound healing process was shown in 12 patients. Therefore 27
amniotic membrane transplantations, 12 suture replacements, and 6 partial conjunctival flaps were performed in total. No re-keratoplasties were required in this case series. All eyes could
be stabilised through the sclerokeratoplasty as well as subsequent operations and intensive local or even systemic treatment. After removal of the corneal suture, the best-corrected visual
acuity improved only insignificantly to hand movement in 1 case, finger counting in 3 cases, 0.1 in 5 cases, 0.2 in 4 cases and 0.5 in 1 case. Preservation of the eyeball with pain relief
was achieved in all 14 eyes.
Conclusions Eccentric sclerokeratoplasty is a very demanding surgical procedure and is extremely rarely performed. The goal is to preserve the eye.
Innovative OP-Logistik
Authors: Vogl Thomas , Füchtmeier Bernd 
Published: March 2021

Die OP-Logistik am Krankenhaus Barmherzige Brüder in Regensburg ist eine Abteilung, deren spezialisierten Mitarbeiter im Hintergrund viele Prozesse verwalten und steuern. Hierzu gehört das Umsetzen von Patientensicherheit, spezieller Lagerorganisation. Grundlage dafür ist das ökononische Prinzip. Neben dem täglichen Arbeitsablauf wurden auch die logistischen Materiallager weiterentwickelt und neu konzipiert: Einheitlichkeit, Übersichtlichkeit, definierte Mengenvorhaltung, effektives Bestellwesen sowie eine mitarbeiter- und ablauffreundliche Handhabung. Bei der Implementierung der im Artikel beschriebenen Konzepte gehörte auch, dass diese ansprechend gestaltet werden sollten: Zum erfolgreichen Gelingen bedarf es jedoch die Einbeziehung des „Kunden“, hier der OP-Fachpflege: Die OP-Logistik versteht sich als Dienstleister und ist somit auch an ihrer Kundenzufriedenheit interessiert. Die bisherigen Rückmeldungen aus den Feedbackbogen ergaben, dass die genannten Ziele in sehr weitgehender Weise mit 94% erreicht wurden.
Endothelial Cell Density and Central Corneal Thickness following Penetrating Keratoplasty of Acanthamoeba Keratitis Patients – A Retrospective Cross-Sectional
Observational Study
Authors: Shi Lei , Fries Fabian Norbert , Xanthopoulou Kassandra , Stachon Tanja , Daas Loay , Zemova Elena , Langenbucher Achim , Seitz Berthold , Szentmáry Nóra 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose To analyze endothelial cell density (ECD) and central corneal thickness (CCT) following penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) in Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) patients.
Patients and Methods In this retrospective, clinical, single-center, cross-sectional, observational study, patients were enrolled who underwent PKP at the Department of Ophthalmology
of Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany between May 2008 and December 2016 with the diagnosis of AK. In all, 33 eyes of 33 patients (14 males, 42%) were enrolled; their
mean age at the time of surgery was 39.5 ± 14.3 years. Postoperatively, AK patients received topical polyhexamethylene biguanide, propamidine isethionate, neomycin
sulphate/gramicidin/polymixin B sulfate, and prednisolone acetate eye drops (5 ×/day each), and the topical treatment was tapered sequentially with 1 drop every 6 weeks over 6 months. CCT
was recorded using Pentacam HR Scheimpflug tomography and ECD with the EM-3000 specular microscope before surgery and 3 and 6 months after surgery as well as after the first and second
(complete) suture removal.
Results ECD tended to decrease significantly from the time point before surgery (2232 ± 296 cells/mm2) to the time point 3 months after surgery (1914 ± 164
cells/mm2; p = 0.080) and to the time point after the first suture removal (1886 ± 557 cells/mm2; p = 0.066) and decrease significantly to the time point after the
second suture removal (1650 ± 446 cells/mm2; p = 0.028). CCT did not change significantly over the analyzed time period (p ≥ 0.475).
Conclusion In AK, endothelial cell loss does not seem to be accelerated following PKP, despite the postoperative use of diamidine and biguanide. A subsequent prospective comparative
study should confirm our retrospective longitudinal analysis.