bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant growth habit and nitrogen fertilizer effects on rhizoma peanut biomass partitioning during establishment
Authors: Aryal Parmeshwor , Sollenberger Lynn E. , Kohmann Marta M. , da Silva Liliane S. , Cooley Katie D. , Dubeux Jose C.B. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRhizoma peanut (RP; Arachis glabrata Benth.) is an important perennial forage legume in the US Gulf Coast region, but propagation using rhizomes and prolonged establishment periods limit its adoption. Genotypes and management practices that hasten establishment are needed. Our objective was to determine the effects of RP growth habit and nitrogen (N) fertilizer application during shoot emergence on biomass partitioning and measures of establishment success during the year‐of‐ and year‐after‐planting. Field experiments were conducted during 2016 through 2018. Treatments were the factorial combinations of two RP entries differing in growth habit (decumbent germplasm Ecoturf and upright cultivar ‘UF Tito’) and three N rates (0, 40, and 80 kg/ha applied 10 weeks after planting [WAP]) arranged in four replications of a randomized complete block design. Upright UF Tito had greater shoot (194 vs. 125 g/m2) and root‐rhizome biomass (249 vs. 111 g/m2) than decumbent Ecoturf at the end of the year of planting. Early growth patterns explained this response in part, as UF Tito had greater leaf area index (LAI; 0.58 vs. 0.39) and lesser root‐rhizome: shoot ratio (0.62 vs. 0.77) than Ecoturf at 20 WAP. Nitrogen fertilization had minimal effects on shoot biomass, and it did not affect root‐rhizome biomass. The entry effect on establishment performance persisted through the year after planting with UF Tito outperforming Ecoturf. Use of an RP genotype that prioritized leaf area and shoot versus root‐rhizome biomass during early growth was more important than N fertilization in expediting RP establishment.
Evaluation of the 6‐item Identify Chronic Migraine screener in a large medical group
Authors: Pavlovic Jelena M. , Yu Justin S. , Silberstein Stephen D. , Reed Michael L. , Cowan Robert P. , Dabbous Firas , Pulicharam Riya , Viswanathan Hema N. , Lipton Richard B. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the 6‐item Identify Chronic Migraine screener (ID‐CM[6]), designed to improve the detection of chronic migraine (CM).BackgroundCM is often undertreated and underdiagnosed. Survey‐based studies have found that approximately 75–80% of people meeting criteria for CM do not report having received an accurate diagnosis.MethodsThis study used claims data of patients enrolled in a large medical group who had at least one medical claim with an International Classification of Diseases 9th/10th revision diagnostic code for migraine in the 12‐month prescreening period. The Identify Chronic Migraine survey was administered by e‐mail, in‐person, or over the telephone to all enrolled patients. A Semi‐Structured Diagnostic Interview (SSDI) was administered by telephone by a trained physician. The ID‐CM(6) and SSDI classifications of CM status were compared to evaluate sensitivity and specificity of the ID‐CM(6) screening tool.ResultsThe analysis of the ID‐CM(6) screening tool included 109 patients, with 65/109 (59.6%) positive for CM based on the SSDI. The mean (standard deviation) age of the patient sample was 49 (15) years and 100/109 (91.7%) were female. Using the SSDI as the diagnostic gold standard, the ID‐CM(6) had a sensitivity of 70.8% (46/65) and a specificity of 93.2% (41/44).ConclusionThe ID‐CM(6) demonstrated acceptable sensitivity and good specificity in determining CM status. The results of this analysis support the real‐world utility of the ID‐CM(6) as a simple and useful tool to identify patients with CM.
Weather conditions explain reproductive success and advancement of the breeding season in Western Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus)
Authors: Coppes Joy , Kämmerle Jim‐Lino , Schroth Karl‐Eugen , Braunisch Veronika , Suchant Rudi 
Published: January 2021

Climate change and associated changes in weather patterns have globally widespread effects on natural systems. Shifts in phenology can affect the reproductive success of birds by causing a mismatch between the onset of breeding and favourable conditions for reproduction, such as a peak in food availability. Weather conditions and their changes have also long been discussed as affecting the reproductive success of grouse (Tetraoninae) and contributing to rapid declines in many central European populations. We monitored the reproductive success of Western Capercaillie Tetrao urogallus in the Black Forest, Germany, over a 14‐year period to study how weather conditions correlated to reproductive success and to assess whether changing environmental conditions were related to a seasonal shift in reproduction. We observed a temporal shift in peak lekking activity from late to mid‐April, which corresponds to an advance of 0.65 days/year. Furthermore, we show that warm conditions during the reproductive season were positively associated with reproductive success (i.e. larger brood size, more hens with chicks and more chicks per hen) and that precipitation volume during the early weeks after hatching was negatively correlated with brood size. Precipitation before copulation (i.e. peak of lekking) affected the proportion of hens with chicks and the number of chicks per hen. Sex ratio in broods was also affected by weather conditions, with more female than male chicks in years with low temperatures and high precipitation. By analysing spring weather predictions for the period 2020–2039, we found that weather conditions during the reproductive period remained constant when assuming a continued advancement of reproduction onset, although annual variation was high. We show the importance of weather conditions in influencing Western Capercaillie reproductive success. Western Capercaillie in the Black Forest seem to adjust the timing of reproduction according to changes in weather conditions, but this advancement is unlikely to be limitless, making the future impact of climate change on the species uncertain.
Accounting for year effects and sampling error in temporal analyses of invertebrate population and biodiversity change: a comment on Seibold et al. 2019
Authors: Daskalova Gergana N. , Phillimore Albert B. , Myers‐Smith Isla H. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
An accumulating number of studies are reporting severe insect declines. These studies aim to quantify temporal changes in invertebrate populations and community composition and attribute them to anthropogenic drivers.
Seibold et al. 2019 (Nature, 574, 671–674) analysed arthropod biomass, abundance and species richness from forest and grassland plots in a region of Germany and reported declines of up to 78% between 2008 and 2018. However, their analysis did not account for the confounding effects of temporal pseudoreplication.
We show that simply by including a year random effect in the statistical models and thereby accounting for the common conditions experienced by proximal sites in the same years, four of the five reported declines become non‐significant out of six tests overall.
To place recent estimates of insect trends in a broader context, we analysed invertebrate biomass, abundance and richness from 640 time series from 1167 sites around the world. We found that the average trends across the terrestrial and freshwater realms were not significantly distinguishable from no net change. Shorter time series that are likely most affected by sampling error variance – such as those in Seibold et al. 2019 (Nature, 574, 671–674) – yielded the most extreme decline and increase estimates.
We suggest that the media uptake of negative trends from short time series may be serving to exaggerate the ‘insect Armageddon’ and could undermine public confidence in research. We advocate that future research uses appropriate model structures to build a more robust understanding of biodiversity change.
Firing behavior of argillites from northern Tunisia as raw materials for ceramic applications
Authors: Chalouati Youssef , Mannai Faouzi , Bennour Ali , Srasra Ezzedine 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study reports the firing properties of clayey materials from northern Tunisia to evaluate their possible use as raw material in ceramic. Physical, chemical, and mineralogical characterization and thermal behavior were carried out by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis, particle size distribution, and Atterberg limits tests. Firing properties were evaluated by color, firing shrinkage, water absorption, bulk density, apparent porosity, and flexural strength. Studied clayey materials are made up mainly by kaolinite and illite and are rich in iron. The main transformations after thermal analysis were identified from 500°C to 1000°C subsequent to the dehydroxylation of clay minerals, calcite decomposition, and the recrystallization process. Fired samples up to 1100°C showed better physical and mechanical properties related with a great densification resulting in a significant increase in linear shrinkage, bulk density, and flexural strength and a decrease in apparent porosity and water absorption up to 1100°C. This behavior is due to a crystalline and liquid phases formed at low firing temperature associated with a high content of fluxing agents. The fired ceramic materials exhibited low water absorption up to 2.26% and high flexural strength up to 32.6 MPa, which makes their potential use for some earthenware and stoneware products.
Pink colour formation in hydrolysed casein
Authors: Johns Paul W. 
Published: January 2021

SummaryPink discolouration in a casein hydrolysate prompted an investigation into its formation. When an aqueous solution of the hydrolysate was held at 110 °C, an intense red colour was generated, as was a strong sulphide odour. In a study of colour and amino acids in a hydrolysate solution held at 110 °C for 0–11 h, a substantial cystine loss occurred, with which colour formation was correlated. The red material exhibited affinity for an anion exchange resin, and its analysis by HPLC found ≥7 apparent pigment compounds. These characteristics, along with the free amino acids in the hydrolysate, seem consistent with the formation of thiosulphinate‐derived, conjugated, carboxylated and pyrrole‐based pigment compounds proposed to explain pinking in processed onions. The data raise the possibility that pathways responsible for pink discolouration in the hydrolysate (and possibly to some instances of pink discolouration observed in cheese) are related to those associated with onion pinking.
Innovative production of multistrain synbiotic product using Thai‐pigmented rice and rice bran oil
Authors: Chumphon Thapakorn , Pangjit Kanjana , Promsai Saran 
Published: January 2021

SummaryThis study found that the isolated probiotics Lactobacillus paracasei KUKPS6201, L. acidophilus KUKPS6107, L. reuteri KUKPS6103, L. rhamnosus KUKPS6007, L. salivarius KUKPS6202, Bacillus coagulans KPSTF02 and Saccharomyces boulardii KUKPS6005 had high potential for probiotic properties. All strains had antibacterial activity and high antioxidant activity of 1.654 ± 0.017 mg Trolox mL−1 probiotic extract. The selected strains could survive in a simulated gastrointestinal tract under anaerobic conditions and showed no haemolytic activity. Furthermore, the probiotic strains were strongly auto‐aggregated and also showed co‐aggregated ability with pathogenic bacteria. The probiotic microorganisms demonstrated high ability to adhere to Thai‐pigmented rice grains. The results of analysis of these probiotics showed that Riceberry rice bran oil was an excellent prebiotic. A synbiotic product containing Thai‐pigmented rice grains (cultivar Riceberry, Luem Pua and Black Jasmine) and rice bran oil was produced. After 8 weeks of storage, the viability of the probiotics in terms of multistrains was 7.36 ± 0.04 log CFU g–1 (85.78% survival rate). Microbiological safety testing indicated that the amounts of contaminants were acceptable. This study provided the first scientific report on the feasibility of applying Thai‐pigment rice, rice bran oil and mixed‐culture probiotics as a novel functional synbiotic product.
Expression of CD304/neuropilin‐1 in adult b‐cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma and its utility for the measurable residual disease assessment
Authors: Chatterjee Gaurav , Dudakia Vishesh , Ghogale Sitaram , Deshpande Nilesh , Girase Karishma , Chaturvedi Anumeha , Shetty Dhanlaxmi , Senger Manju , Jain Hasmukh , Bagal Bhausaheb , Bonda Avinash , Punatar Sachin , Gokarn Anant , Khattry Navin , Patkar Nikhil V. , Gujral Sumeet , Subramanian Papagudi G. , Tembhare Prashant R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionMany new markers are being evaluated to increase the sensitivity and applicability of multicolor flow cytometry (MFC)‐based measurable residual disease (MRD) monitoring. However, most of the studies are limited to childhood B‐cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (B‐ALL), and reports in adult B‐ALL are extremely scarce and limited to small cohorts. We studied the expression of CD304/neuropilin‐1 in a large cohort of adult B‐ALL patients and evaluated its practical utility in MFC‐based MRD analysis.MethodsCD304 was studied in blasts from adult B‐ALL patients and normal precursor B cells (NPBC) from non‐B‐ALL bone marrow samples using MFC. CD304 expression intensity and pattern were studied with normalized‐mean fluorescent intensity (nMFI) and coefficient of variation of immunofluorescence (CVIF), respectively. MFC‐based MRD was performed at end of induction (EOI; day‐35), end of consolidation (EOC; day 78‐80), and subsequent follow‐up (SFU) time points.ResultsCD304 was positive in 120/214(56.07%) and was significantly associated with BCR‐ABL1 fusion (P = .001). EOI‐MRD and EOC‐MRD were positive in 129/214(60.3%) and 50/81(61.72%), respectively. CD304 was positive in a significant percentage of EOI (48%, 62/129) and EOC (52%, 26/50) MRD‐positive B‐ALL samples. Its expression was retained, lost, and gained in 73.7%, 26.3%, and 11.3% of EOI‐MRD and 85.7%, 14.3%, and none of EOC‐MRD samples, respectively. Low‐level MRD (<0.01%) was detectable in 34 of all (EOI + EOC + SFU = 189) MRD‐positive samples, and CD304 was found useful in 50% of these samples.ConclusionCD304 is commonly expressed in adult B‐ALL and clearly distinguish B‐ALL blasts from normal precursor B cells. It is a stable MRD marker and distinctly useful in the detection of MFC‐based MRD monitoring, especially in high‐sensitivity MRD assay.
PTBP1 is necessary for dendritic cells to regulate T‐cell homeostasis and antitumour immunity
Authors: Geng Guangfeng , Xu Changlu , Peng Nan , Li Yue , Liu Jinhua , Wu Jing , Liang Jing , Zhu Yushan , Shi Lihong 
Published: January 2021

SummaryDendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in linking innate and adaptive immunity. DCs can sense endogenous and exogenous antigens and present those antigens to T cells to induce an immune response or immune tolerance. During activation, alternative splicing (AS) in DCs is dramatically changed to induce cytokine secretion and upregulation of surface marker expression. PTBP1, an RNA‐binding protein, is essential in alternative splicing, but the function of PTBP1 in DCs is unknown. Here, we found that a specific deficiency of Ptbp1 in DCs could increase MHC II expression and perturb T‐cell homeostasis without affecting DC development. Functionally, Ptbp1 deletion in DCs could enhance antitumour immunity and asthma exacerbation. Mechanistically, we found that Pkm alternative splicing and a subset of Ifn response genes could be regulated by PTBP1. These findings revealed the function of PTBP1 in DCs and indicated that PTBP1 might be a novel therapeutic target for antitumour treatment.
IL‐3 is essential for ICOS‐L stabilization on mast cells, and sustains the IL‐33‐induced RORγt+ Treg generation via enhanced IL‐6 induction
Authors: Drube Sebastian , Müller Sylvia , Weber Franziska , Wegner Philine , Böttcher‐Loschinski Romy , Gaestel Matthias , Hutloff Andreas , Kamradt Thomas , Andreas Nico 
Published: January 2021

SummaryIL‐33 is a member of the IL‐1 family. By binding to its receptor ST2 (IL‐33R) on mast cells, IL‐33 induces the MyD88‐dependent activation of the TAK1‐IKK2 signalling module resulting in activation of the MAP kinases p38, JNK1/2 and ERK1/2, and of NFκB. Depending on the kinases activated in these pathways, the IL‐33‐induced signalling is essential for production of IL‐6 or IL‐2. This was shown to control the dichotomy between RORγt+ and Helios+ Tregs, respectively. SCF, the ligand of c‐Kit (CD117), can enhance these effects. Here, we show that IL‐3, another growth factor for mast cells, is essential for the expression of ICOS‐L on BMMCs, and costimulation with IL‐3 potentiated the IL‐33‐induced IL‐6 production similar to SCF. In contrast to the enhanced IL‐2 production by SCF‐induced modulation of the IL‐33 signalling, IL‐3 blocked the production of IL‐2. Consequently, IL‐3 shifted the IL‐33‐induced Treg dichotomy towards RORγt+ Tregs at the expense of RORγt− Helios+ Tregs. However, ICOS‐L expression was downregulated by IL‐33. In line with that, ICOS‐L did not play any important role in the Treg modulation by IL‐3/IL‐33‐activated mast cells. These findings demonstrate that different from the mast cell growth factor SCF, IL‐3 can alter the IL‐33‐induced and mast cell‐dependent regulation of Treg subpopulations by modulating mast cell‐derived cytokine profiles.
Development of a Pilot Smart Irrigation System for Peruvian Highlands
Authors: Guevara Santiago , Singh Yogang , Shores Austin , Mercado Juan , Postigo Mauricio , Garcia Jose , Newell Brittany 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWith growing developments in the technology of cloud storage and the Internet of Things, smart systems have become the latest trend in major agricultural regions of the world. The Arequipa and Caylloma provinces of Peru are highly productive agricultural areas that could benefit from these technologies. This region has low precipitation, generally less than 100 mm per year. Electricity is not available in most of the agricultural fields, limiting the types of irrigation methods and technologies that can be supported. Currently, 20 ponds supplied by water runoff from the Andean glaciers are used for irrigating approximately 545 hectares of land in the Majes district (Caylloma province). In order to develop optimal techniques for water irrigation in Arequipa and improve the infrastructure, there is a need for development of a smart water irrigation system applicable to the existing conditions in the region. The current study proposes a pilot smart water irrigation framework comprised of a drip irrigation module, wireless communication module, and a sensor network for intelligently regulating water flow from the cloud. In this study, a TEROS 12 soil moisture sensor is connected to a Digi XBee wireless module for collecting measurements of volumetric water content, temperature, and electrical conductivity, which are sent through a secure IP gateway to the cloud. A user‐friendly web interface is available for end‐users to access and analyze real‐time data. The proposed framework is easily implementable, low‐cost, and is predicted to conserve water through optimization of irrigation cycles based on a set moisture threshold.
Targeting the ectopy‐triggering ganglionated plexuses without pulmonary vein isolation prevents atrial fibrillation
Authors: Sandler Belinda , Kim Min‐Young , Sikkel Markus B. , Malcolme‐Lawes Louisa , Koa‐Wing Michael , Whinnett Zachary I. , Coyle Clare , Linton Nick W. F. , Lim Phang B. , Kanagaratnam Prapa ,   other members of the Imperial College London, Cardiovascular Study Group/Consortium
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundGanglionated plexuses (GPs) are implicated in atrial fibrillation (AF). Endocardial high‐frequency stimulation (HFS) delivered within the local atrial refractory period can trigger ectopy and AF from specific GP sites (ET‐GP). The aim of this study was to understand the role of ET‐GP ablation in the treatment of AF.MethodsPatients with paroxysmal AF indicated for ablation were recruited. HFS mapping was performed globally around the left atrium to identify ET‐GP. ET‐GP was defined as atrial ectopy or atrial arrhythmia triggered by HFS. All ET‐GP were ablated, and PVs were left electrically connected. Outcomes were compared with a control group receiving pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). Patients were followed‐up for 12 months with multiple 48‐h Holter ECGs. Primary endpoint was ≥30 s AF/atrial tachycardia in ECGs.ResultsIn total, 67 patients were recruited and randomized to ET‐GP ablation (n = 39) or PVI (n = 28). In the ET‐GP ablation group, 103 ± 28 HFS sites were tested per patient, identifying 21 ± 10 (20%) GPs. ET‐GP ablation used 23.3 ± 4.1 kWs total radiofrequency (RF) energy per patient, compared with 55.7 ± 22.7 kWs in PVI (p = <.0001). Duration of procedure was 3.7 ± 1.0 and 3.3 ± 0.7 h in ET‐GP ablation group and PVI, respectively (p = .07). Follow‐up at 12 months showed that 61% and 49% were free from ≥30 s of AF/AT with PVI and ET‐GP ablation respectively (log‐rank p = .27).ConclusionsIt is feasible to perform detailed global functional mapping with HFS and ablate ET‐GP to prevent AF. This provides direct evidence that ET‐GPs are part of the AF mechanism. The lower RF requirement implies that ET‐GP targets the AF pathway more specifically.
High‐risk atrioventricular block in Brugada syndrome patients with a history of syncope
Authors: Kamakura Tsukasa , Sacher Frederic , Katayama Katsuhiko , Ueda Nobuhiko , Nakajima Kenzaburo , Wada Mitsuru , Yamagata Kenichiro , Ishibashi Kohei , Inoue Yuko , Miyamoto Koji , Nagase Satoshi , Noda Takashi , Aiba Takeshi , Nakatani Yosuke , Ramirez F. Daniel , André Clémentine , Nakashima Takashi , Krisai Philipp , Takagi Takamitsu , Tixier Romain , Chauvel Remi , Cheniti Ghassen , Duchateau Josselin , Pambrun Thomas , Derval Nicolas , Hocini Mélèze , Jais Pierre , Haïssaguerre Michel , Kamakura Shiro , Kusano Kengo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundDetermining the etiology of syncope is challenging in Brugada syndrome (BrS) patients. Implantable cardioverter defibrillator placement is recommended in BrS patients who are presumed to have arrhythmic syncope. However, arrhythmic syncope in BrS patients can occur in the setting of atrioventricular block (AVB), which should be managed by cardiac pacing. The clinical characteristics of BrS patients with high‐risk AVB remain unknown.MethodsThis study included 223 BrS patients with a history of syncope from two centers. The clinical characteristics of patients with high‐risk AVB (Mobitz type II second‐degree AVB, high‐degree AVB, or third‐degree AVB) were investigated.ResultsDuring the 99 ± 78 months of follow‐up, we identified six BrS patients (2.7%) with high‐risk AVB. Three of the six patients (50%) with AVB presented with syncope associated with prodromes or specific triggers. Four patients (67%) were found to have paroxysmal third‐degree AVB during the initial evaluation for BrS and syncope, while two patients developed third‐degree AVB during the follow‐up period. The incidence of first‐degree AVB was significantly higher in AVB patients than in non‐AVB patients (83% vs. 15%; p = .0005). There was no significant difference in the incidence of ventricular fibrillation between AVB and non‐AVB patients (AVB [17%], non‐AVB [12%]; p = .56).ConclusionHigh‐risk AVB can occur in BrS patients with various clinical presentations. Although rare, the incidence is worth considering, especially in BrS patients with first‐degree AVB.