bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The amino acid transporter CG1139 is required for retrograde transport and fast recovery of gut enterocytes after Serratia marcescens intestinal infection
Authors: Socha Catherine , Pais Inês S. , Lee Kwang-Zin , Lestradet Matthieu , Ferrandon Dominique 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTThe intestinal tract is constantly exposed to microbes. Severe infections can arise following the ingestion of pathogenic microbes from contaminating food or water sources. The host directly fights off ingested pathogens with resistance mechanisms, the immune response, or withstands and repairs the damages inflicted either by virulence factors or the host immune effectors, through tolerance/resilience mechanisms. In a previous study, we reported the existence in Drosophila melanogaster of a novel evolutionarily conserved resilience mechanism to intestinal infections with a hemolysin-positive Serratia marcescens strain (SmDb11), the purge of the apical cytoplasm of enterocytes. The epithelium becomes very thin and recovers rapidly, regaining its normal thickness within several hours. Here, we found that this recovery of gut enterocyte morphology is based on the host internal reserves and not on ingested food. Indeed, we observed a retrograde transport of amino acids from the host hemolymph to the enterocytes. We have identified several amino acid transporters required for recovery and we focused on the SLC36 family transporter CG1139. CG1139 is required for the retrograde transport of amino acids. RNA sequencing revealed that genes involved in the positive regulation of growth were observed in wild-type but not CG1139 mutant guts, in which the expression of Myc and genes involved in Insulin signaling is down-regulated. Functional analysis revealed that Myc is also required for the recovery of the thick gut epithelium after infection. Altogether, our results show the importance of an amino acid transporter in the fast regrowth of the enterocytes upon infection. Unexpectedly, we found that this transporter acts non cell-autonomously and can regulate the transcription of other genes, suggesting a signaling function of CG1139 that therefore appears to act as a transceptor.
Social entrepreneurial sustainability during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kamaludin Mohammed Faiz , Xavier Jesrina Ann , Amin Muslim 
Published: November 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore and understand the needed entrepreneurial actions required to attain sustainability during the COVID-19 pandemic. Social entrepreneurial sustainability is defined as the process of developing sustainable solutions for social, economic or environmental problems that are not being addressed by the market. This paper intends to get a clearer picture of how social entrepreneurial sustainability is affected by the exogenous shocks caused by the pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative exploratory approach using a case study design was used. Semi-structured interviews with five CEOs and founders of accredited social enterprises in Malaysia that have proven sustainable were conducted. Triangulation was applied in this study through three different data sources to confirm and validate the emerging findings.

Findings
The findings reveal various innovative revenue-generating activities and business processes taken by social entrepreneurs to be sustainable during the COVID-19 pandemic, such as pivoting and forging new partnerships. Themes such as technical innovation and social innovation are critical concepts that need to be differentiated and understood. The introduction of a new construct termed “mission agility” will be of significant interest to academicians studying social entrepreneurship and sustainability.

Practical implications
The practical implications of this study suggest that if social enterprises implement the recommended strategies, they may achieve both short-term and long-term social entrepreneurial sustainability during the pandemic crisis and progressively into the post-pandemic era.

Originality/value
This study is unique by using two methods of data collection. By providing vital empirical evidence through primary and secondary data, the paper will offer robust findings and proposes recommendations on entrepreneurial strategies to foster the recovery and sustainability of social enterprises during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Effect of process parameters during electric discharge machining of maraging steel and optimization using Taguchi-DEAR method
Authors: Sameer MD , Birru Anil Kumar , Srinu G. , Naresh Ch 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
The electric discharge machining (EDM) involves electrons discharged from the electrode and machining progresses due to the removal of the material from the component. This a thermal-based machining process primarily used for hard to machine components with conventional methods. This process is used to make intricate cavities and contours. The fabricated part is the replica of the tool material with high surface finish and good dimensional accuracy. This study aims to evaluate the comprehensive effect of process parameters on electric discharge machining of maraging steel.

Design/methodology/approach
Multiple criteria Decision making (MCDM) techniques are used to select the best parameters by comparing several responses to achieve the desired goal. There are different MCDM techniques available for optimization of machining parameters. In the current investigation, multi-objective optimization by data envelopment analysis based ranking (DEAR) approach was used for machining Maraging C300 grade steel.

Findings
The Taguchi L9 runs were planned with process parameters such as current (Amp), Tool diameter (mm) and Dielectric pressure (MPa). The effect of process parameters on the responses, namely, material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate (TWR) and surface roughness (SR) were evaluated. High MRR is found at 15 A current, 14 mm tool diameter and dielectric pressure of 0.2 MPa. Optimum process parameters experiment showed reduced crack density.

Originality/value
An effort was made successfully to enhance the responses using the DEAR method and establish the decision making of selecting the optimal parameters by comparing the results obtained by machining maraging steel C300 grade.
An Open‐Source Web Application for Regional Analysis of GRACE Groundwater Data and Engaging Stakeholders in Groundwater Management
Authors: McStraw Travis Clinton , Pulla Sarva T. , Jones Norman L. , Williams Gustavious P. , David Cédric H. , Nelson James E. , Ames Daniel P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSince 2002, National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) allows scientists of various disciplines to analyze and map changes in total water storage globally. Although the raw data are available to the public, the process of viewing, manipulating, and analyzing GRACE data can be difficult for those without strong technological backgrounds in programming or geospatial software. This is particularly true for water managers in developing countries, where GRACE data could be a valuable asset for sustainable water resource management. To address this problem, we developed an open‐source utility for subsetting GRACE datasets to selected regions of interest and packaged that utility in a web application that allows water managers to quickly and easily access and visualize GRACE data. For a selected region, we use data from the three Global Land Data Assimilation System land surface models: Noah, variable infiltration capacity, and Catchment Land Surface Model, and decompose the GRACE data for total water storage into surface water, soil moisture, and groundwater components along with associated uncertainty estimates. The resulting groundwater data are in the form of groundwater storage changes over time, and a better understanding of groundwater storage trends helps water managers to more effectively respond to drought and agricultural demand in a selected region and thereby more sustainably manage groundwater resources. We demonstrate these uses in a case study from the Hindu‐Kush Himalayan region.
The landscape of climate change adaptation aspirations in the US non‐profit conservation sector
Authors: Skikne Sarah , Cross Molly , Press Daniel , Zavaleta Erika 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDespite extensive recommendations for adapting conservation to climate change, limited knowledge exists about how practitioners aim to respond. To address this gap, we analyzed proposals for on‐the‐ground climate adaptation projects submitted by US conservation non‐profits, which play a central role in conserving biodiversity. We assessed 415 proposals submitted between 2011 and 2015 to the Wildlife Conservation Society's Climate Adaptation Fund, a US‐based fund focused solely on adaptation for wildlife and ecosystems. We evaluated the distribution of proposed projects across conservation targets, strategies, and activities, and their geographic alignment with climate impacts. Proposals most often targeted river and riparian ecosystems, fish, and birds. Attention on amphibians and invertebrates was disproportionately low relative to their climate vulnerability. Proposals commonly included efforts to restore previous structures and functions, while relatively few described facilitating change (e.g., supporting future‐adapted species). Proposal density was highest along the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, geographically aligned with non‐profit density and public opinion on climate change. There was no geographic alignment between exposure and proposed responses to five of six climate threats (warming, aridity, wildfire, inland flooding, sea level rise). Our findings identify gaps in adaptation attention, and can enhance strategic resource allocation, targeted capacity building, and adaptation outcomes for conservation.
The relationship between COVID‐19 and HLA in kidney transplant recipients, an evaluation of predictive and prognostic factors
Authors: Ertosun Mustafa Gökhan , Özkan Özlenen , Darbaş Şule , Özel Deniz , BİLGE Uğur , Sayin Ekinci Nurten , Yilmaz Vural Taner , Uçar Fahri , Koçak Hüseyin , Özkan Ömer 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe purpose of this study was to determine the predictive and prognostic factors for COVID‐19 infection and its relationship with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) in kidney transplant recipients.Material and methodThree hundred fifty kidney transplant recipients were included in the study. Recipients were divided into two groups: COVID‐19(+) (n = 100) and control (n = 250). The relationships between HLA frequencies, COVID‐19 infection, and prognostic factors (age, donor type, immunosuppression protocol, etc.) were then evaluated. Logistic regression analysis, heatmap, and decision tree methods were used to determine predictive and prognostic factors. The study was performed retrospectively.ResultsAdvanced age and deceased transplantation emerged as predictive of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, while the presence of HLA‐A*11, the HLA match ratio, and high‐dose tacrolimus were identified as prognostic factors in kidney transplant recipients. HLA‐A10, HLA‐B*13, HLA‐B22, and HLA‐B*55 were shown to be associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection at univariate analysis, and HLA‐B*57, HLA‐DRB1*11, and HLA‐DRB1*13 at logistic regression analysis.ConclusionHLA‐A10, HLA‐B*13, HLA‐B*55, HLA‐B*57, HLA‐DRB1*11, and HLA‐DRB1*13 were identified for the first time in the literature associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in kidney transplant recipients.
Bleeding complications in bcr‐abl‐negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN): A retrospective single‐center study of 829 MPN patients
Authors: Wille Kai , Huenerbein Karlo , Jagenberg Ellen , Sadjadian Parvis , Becker Tatjana , Kolatzki Vera , Meixner Raphael , Marchi Hannah , Fuchs Christiane , Griesshammer Martin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn patients with bcr‐abl‐negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), concerns are often raised about the use of anticoagulants because of an increased bleeding risk. However, there are few MPN studies focusing on bleeding. To investigate bleeding complications in MPN, we report our retrospective, single‐center study of 829 patients with a median follow‐up of 5.5 years (range: 0.1–35.6). A first bleeding event occurred in 143 of 829 patients (17.2%), corresponding to an incidence rate of 2.29% per patient/year. During the follow‐up period, one out of 829 patients (0.1%) died due to bleeding. Regarding anticoagulation, most bleeding occurred in patients on antiplatelet therapies (60.1%), followed by patients on anticoagulation therapies (20.3%) and patients not on anticoagulation (19.6%). In multivariate analysis, administration of antiplatelet (HR 2.31 [1.43, 3.71]) and anticoagulation therapies (HR 4.06 [2.32, 7.09]), but not age, gender or mutation status, was associated with an increased bleeding risk. Comparing the “probability of bleeding‐free survival” between the MPN subtypes, no significant difference was observed (p = 0.91, log‐rank test). Our retrospective study shows that antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapies significantly increase the risk of bleeding in MPN patients without affecting mortality. However, there is no reason to refrain from guideline‐conform primary or secondary anticoagulation in MPN patients.
Substrate specificity and complex stability of coproporphyrin ferrochelatase is governed by hydrogen‐bonding interactions of the four propionate groups
Authors: Gabler Thomas , Sebastiani Federico , Helm Johannes , Dali Andrea , Obinger Christian , Furtmüller Paul G. , Smulevich Giulietta , Hofbauer Stefan 
Published: October 2021

Coproporpyhrin III is the substrate of coproporphyrin ferrochelatases (CpfCs). These enzymes catalyse the insertion of ferrous iron into the porphyrin ring. This is the penultimate step within the coproporphyrin‐dependent haeme biosynthesis pathway. This pathway was discovered in 2015 and is mainly utilised by monoderm bacteria. Prior to this discovery, monoderm bacteria were believed to utilise the protoporphyrin‐dependent pathway, analogously to diderm bacteria, where the substrate for the respective ferrochelatase is protoporphyrin IX, which has two propionate groups at positions 6 and 7 and two vinyl groups at positions 2 and 4. In this work, we describe for the first time the interactions of the four‐propionate substrate, coproporphyrin III, and the four‐propionate product, iron coproporphyrin III (coproheme), with the CpfC from Listeria monocytogenes and pin down differences with respect to the protoporphyrin IX and haeme b complexes in the wild‐type (WT) enzyme. We further created seven LmCpfC variants aiming at altering substrate and product coordination. The WT enzyme and all the variants were comparatively studied by spectroscopic, thermodynamic and kinetic means to investigate in detail the H‐bonding interactions, which govern complex stability and substrate specificity. We identified a tyrosine residue (Y124 in LmCpfC), coordinating the propionate at position 2, which is conserved in monoderm CpfCs, to be highly important for binding and stabilisation. Importantly, we also describe a tyrosine‐serine‐threonine triad, which coordinates the propionate at position 4. The study of the triad variants indicates structural differences between the coproporphyrin III and the coproheme complexes.Enzyme
EC 4.99.1.9
Accelerated shifts in terrestrial life zones under rapid climate change
Authors: Elsen Paul R. , Saxon Earl C. , Simmons B. Alexander , Ward Michelle , Williams Brooke A. , Grantham Hedley S. , Kark Salit , Levin Noam , Perez‐Hammerle Katharina‐Victoria , Reside April E. , Watson James E. M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRapid climate change is impacting biodiversity, ecosystem function, and human well‐being. Though the magnitude and trajectory of climate change are becoming clearer, our understanding of how these changes reshape terrestrial life zones—distinct biogeographic units characterized by biotemperature, precipitation, and aridity representing broad‐scale ecosystem types—is limited. To address this gap, we used high‐resolution historical climatologies and climate projections to determine the global distribution of historical (1901–1920), contemporary (1979–2013), and future (2061–2080) life zones. Comparing the historical and contemporary distributions shows that changes from one life zone to another during the 20th century impacted 27 million km2 (18.3% of land), with consequences for social and ecological systems. Such changes took place in all biomes, most notably in Boreal Forests, Temperate Coniferous Forests, and Tropical Coniferous Forests. Comparing the contemporary and future life zone distributions shows the pace of life zone changes accelerating rapidly in the 21st century. By 2070, such changes would impact an additional 62 million km2 (42.6% of land) under “business‐as‐usual” (RCP8.5) emissions scenarios. Accelerated rates of change are observed in hundreds of ecoregions across all biomes except Tropical Coniferous Forests. While only 30 ecoregions (3.5%) had over half of their areas change to a different life zone during the 20th century, by 2070 this number is projected to climb to 111 ecoregions (13.1%) under RCP4.5 and 281 ecoregions (33.2%) under RCP8.5. We identified weak correlations between life zone change and threatened vertebrate richness, levels of vertebrate endemism, cropland extent, and human population densities within ecoregions, illustrating the ubiquitous risks of life zone changes to diverse social–ecological systems. The accelerated pace of life zone changes will increasingly challenge adaptive conservation and sustainable development strategies that incorrectly assume current ecological patterns and livelihood provisioning systems will persist.
Anthropogenic drivers of avian community turnover from local to regional scales
Authors: Di Cecco Grace J. , Hurlbert Allen H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAnthropogenic change has altered the composition and function of ecological communities across the globe. As a result, there is a need for studies examining observed community compositional change and determining whether and how anthropogenic change drivers may be influencing that turnover. In particular, it is also important to determine to what extent community turnover is idiosyncratic or if turnover can be explained by predictable responses across species based on traits or niche characteristics. Here, we measured turnover in avian communities across North America from 1990 to 2016 in the Breeding Bird Survey using an ordination method, and modeled turnover as a function of land use and climate change drivers from local to regional scales. We also examined how turnover may be attributed to species groups, including foraging guilds, trophic groups, migratory distance, and breeding biomes. We found that at local scales, land use change explained a greater proportion of variance in turnover than climate change variables, while as scale increased, trends in temperature explained a greater proportion of variance in turnover. We also found across the study region, turnover could be attributed to one of a handful of species undergoing strong expansions or strong declines over the study time period. We did not observe consistent patterns in compositional change in any trait groups we examined except for those that included previously identified highly influential species. Our results have two important implications: First, the relative importance of different anthropogenic change drivers may vary with scale, which should be considered in studies’ modeling impacts of global change on biodiversity. Second, in North American avian communities, individual species undergoing large shifts in population may drive signals in compositional change, and composite community turnover metrics should be carefully selected as a result.
Economic values of reproductive, growth, feed efficiency and carcass traits in Nellore cattle
Authors: Souza Flávia M. , Lopes Fernando B. , Rosa Guilherme J. M. , Magnabosco Cláudio U. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA bioeconomic model was developed to calculate the economic value (ev) of reproductive and growth performance, feed efficiency and carcass traits of a seedstock Nellore herd. Data from a full‐cycle cattle operation (1,436 dams) located in the Brazilian Cerrado were assessed. The ev was calculated by the difference in profit before and after one‐unit improvement in the trait, with others remaining unchanged. The ev was standardized by the phenotypic standard deviation of each trait. Preweaning average daily gain (ADG) was the most economically important trait evaluated (R$ 58.04/animal/year), followed by age at first calving (R$ 44.35), postweaning ADG (R$ 31.43), weight at 450 days (R$ 25.36), accumulated productivity (R$ 21.43), ribeye area (R$ 21.35), calving interval (R$ 19.97), feed efficiency (R$ 15.24), carcass dressing per cent (R$ 8.27), weight at 120 days (R$ 6.22), weight at 365 days (R$ 6.06), weight at weaning (210 days, R$ 5.82), stayability (R$ 5.70) and the probability of early calving (R$ 0.32). The effects of all traits on profits are evidence that their selection may result in the economic and genetic progress of the herd if there is genetic variability.
Prognostic evaluation and immune infiltration analysis of five bioinformatic selected genes in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lai Enjiang , Tai Yang , Jiang Jingsun , Zhao Chong , Xiao Yang , Quan Xin , Wu Hao , Gao Jinhang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDespite the development in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment in recent years, the therapeutic outcome of HCC remains unfavourable. This study examines the prognosis of HCC from a genetic level using clinical databases and single‐cell data to identify genes with a high prognostic value. Three up‐regulated genes (UBE2S, PTTG1, and CDC20) and two down‐regulated genes (SOCS2 and DNASE1L3) in HCC tissues were identified. Various analyses confirmed its correlation with tumour stage (p < 0.01) and patient survival time (log‐rank p < 0.001). Immune analysis, single‐cell analysis, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were employed to provide insight on how they affect cancer progression, and we observed a close relation between these genes and tumour immune infiltration. Eventually, we constructed a risk score system that risk score = (0.0465) × UBE2S + (0.1851) × CDC20 + (−0.0461) × DNASE1L3 + (−0.2279) × SOCS2 (5‐year area under curve = 0.706). The risk score system may serve as an effective novel prognostic system for HCC patients. This study might provide novel ideas for prognostic or therapeutic biomarkers for HCC.
What is unknown in using microbiota as a therapeutic?
Authors: Sung Joseph J Y , Wong Sunny H 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been used extensively in the treatment of various gastrointestinal and extraintestinal conditions, despite that there are still a lot of missing gaps in our knowledge in the gut microbiota and its behavior. This article describes the unknowns in microbiota biology (undetected microbes, uncertain colonization, unclear mechanisms of action, uncertain indications, unsure long‐term efficacy, or side effects). We discuss how these unknowns may affect the therapeutic uses of FMT, and the potentials and caveats of other related microbiota‐based therapies. When used as an experimental therapy or last resort in difficult conditions, caution should be taken against inadvertent complications. Clear documentations of post‐treatment events should be made mandatory, classified, and graded as in clinical trials. Further robust scientific experiments and properly designed clinical studies are needed.