bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of FRP thickness on axial compressive behavior of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer–confined lightweight concrete cylinders
Authors: Fanggi B A L , Lake A G , Dumin L , Wadu A , Lada Y A A , Mauta M C 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIt is well known that FRP can improve the performance of concrete. However, the effectiveness of FRP to enhance the performance of lightweight concrete is less explored. This study aims to investigate the effect of FRP thickness on the axial compressive behavior of GFRP-confined lightweight concrete cylinders. Nine lightweight concrete specimens wrapped with 0, 1, 2, and 3 sheets of GFRP were manufactured and tested until failure. The test confirms that the thicker specimens experienced higher axial stress and strain compared to the thinner ones.
The potency of the efficiency and compression rate of Cirebon language script using the Binary Huffman algorithm
Authors: Ismail N , Yusuf T , Fajar R , Alqinsi P , Kodir A , Qodim H 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Each language usually has several important features that are hidden statistically and certain redundancy. These features can be utilized to perform text compression that is suitable for the optimal use of resources. This study proposes an analysis the potency of the efficiency and compression rate of Cirebon language script using the Binary Huffman algorithm. The analysis of the potency is based on the entropy of the Cirebon language script. The study begins with an analysis of the Cirebon language script to calculate the probability of each symbol. These probabilities are used to calculate the value of entropy. The results showed that the entropy of the Cirebon language script was 3.976 bits per symbol, with an expected code length of 4.02 bits per symbol. Then, the estimated efficiency of compression with the Binary Huffman Code is 98.89% and the compression rate is 0.80402. These results can be considered in the use of Cirebon language compression for the telecommunications transmission process.
Broken rail detection system using laser
Authors: Luthfi K M , Sugiana A , Suratman F Y 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
To ensure a safe train operation, some devices are applied to control the infrastructure and rolling stock work safely such as track, signalling system especially on densely trafficked lines using automatic train protection, rolling stock and etc. Track is a main part of infrastructure that has to be monitored before train operation passes it. By operation times, the rail will be decreased in quality due to several factors such as temperature and material durability. One type of rail damage that is often encountered is broken rails. If the rail breaks, the train passes through it can be derailed. To address this problem, a rail damage detection system will be developed using a laser beam. This rail detection laser will be designed as a prototype. The railroad tested was designed to have a gap that varies between 2 and 20 millimeters. A laser-based proximity sensor VL53L0X is placed between the front and rear wheels of the train prototype. Testing this system is successful in a dynamic way. It means that the measurement is done by advancing the prototype manually by hand, not using electricity. The results obtained from dynamic testing are obtained if the rail gap is wider, the range of peak values detected is greater based on monitoring through graphs.
Electronic culinary reservations based on Android with the Scrum methodology and Firebase database
Authors: Setiawan R , Supriatna A D , Hudawiguna S , Roji F F 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCulinary preservation activities in the process of ordering food or drinks in restaurants are the initial process in restaurant or cafe activities, the problem that occurs is the buildup of orders on the order note, and sometimes customer order errors or changes to orders by customers. The purpose of this study is to make electronic android-based culinary reservations using firebase as a realtime integrated database between tables, kitchens, and cashiers. The research method used is Agile Scrum with the product backlog, sprint, daily scrum, and sprint review stages with modeling using Unified Modeling Language diagrams. This study took a sample in one restaurant in Garut Regency. This research resulted in a prototype of a reservation application that can be used on Android smartphones for customer tables, kitchens section, and cashiers. This culinary reservation application can help improve service to customers by increasing order times faster, reducing the occurrence of booking errors, and reducing paper usage.
Cyberculture: Beauty media animation field in the Z generation in the information flow
Authors: Siregar J S , Anggriawan F S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Today’s young generation prefers searching for information over the Internet. Whatever information is easily obtained quickly on smartphones through the web and or social media such as Instagram or YouTube. Search for beauty information is done because of curiosity or find the beauty products they need. Looking for information on beauty, YouTube is a form of video impression to be an easier choice than to be able to surf the web first. The aim of the study wanted to know what kind of video was used by the young generation in search of information about beauty and how the adolescent’s reaction was in seeing YouTube’s beauty video views. The method of this study is qualitative research. This study conducted a beauty video view analysis on YouTube and in strengthening the data was conducted interviews. The results showed that YouTuber can influence the audience to see its channel. The beauty of animation video has not been able to give more reliable results in watching the impression.
An overview of synthetic polymer-based membrane modified with chitosan for direct methanol fuel cell application
Authors: Adiyar S R , Satriyatama A , Azjuba A N , Sari N K A K 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe materials used for fuel cell membrane must have a high proton conductivity, a strong enough wall to block the reactant flow rate and be chemically or mechanically stable in the environment around the fuel cell. To improve the effectiveness of fuel cell membranes and reduce production costs, several synthetic polymer membranes have been developed, including polyethersulfone, polysulfone, polyvinyl alcohol, and polystyrene. Membranes from this polymer have the advantage of being cheap, commercially available, and allowing its structure to store moisture so it can operate at higher temperatures, yet it has low hydrophilic property. Chitosan, as a biopolymer that has strong hydrophilicity property resulted from numerous hydrophilic groups (e.g. –OH, –NH2and –NR3þ), can be used for various chemical modifications including to increase mechanical and chemical stability and modification to the possibility of producing ion exchange and increasing ionic conductivity which is a requirement for fuel cell membrane. The purpose of this study is to review the use of chitosan as synthetic polymer-based membrane modification from its structure and properties. Recent achievements and prospect of its applications have also been included.
Techno-economic and Environmental Analyses on Reduced Graphene Oxide modified Kapok Fiber as Oil Absorbent
Authors: Lugito Graecia , Walmiki Samadhi Tjokorde , Prakoso Tirto , Lauda Muhammad , Laurent Tanujaya Vincent 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The industrialization of synthetic fiber has resulted in an economic depression for both domestic and global kapok fiber industries as well as the farmers. On the other hand, the development of ssthe oleochemical industry in Indonesia demands a separation process that is less cost- and energy-intensive. Supporting the sustainable development goals (SDGs) number 1, 8, 9, 12, and 13, in this study, the under-tapped kapok fiber has been utilized to show its potential value as an oil sorbent material. Despite having high oil sorption capacity and being biodegradable, the raw kapok fiber has low oil selectivity, low oil retention, and a fragile structure. The kapok fiber has been modified with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to obtain hydrophobic-oleophilic absorbent with high absorption capacity, high oil selectivity, high oil retention, and strong structure to maximize the recovery yield. Modification has been done by soaking kapok fiber in GO supernatant and reducing them with ascorbic acid, then freeze-drying the fiber to get a robust superhydrophobic sponge. Techno-economic and life-cycle analyses have been conducted and the results indicate that rGO-KF aerogel is economically viable with a potential GPM greater than 36,27%, and environmentally beneficial as it can potentially decrease product carbon emissions by 32.8 tons/ton recovered oil.
Utilization of Kaolin as a Filling Material for Rubber Solid Tire Compounds for Two-wheeled Electric Scooters
Authors: Nasruddin  , Agustini Sri , Sholeh Muhammad 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Kaolin is a mining material widely used as a filler in the manufacture of various types of finished goods made from natural rubber. Kaolin in this study was used as a special filler for solid tires for two-wheeled electric scooters commonly used by children. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the kaolin loading on the curing properties of the rubber compound, the mechanical properties of the vulcanizate, and the thermal properties of the rubber vulcanizate. Kaolin loading was varied from 22 to 42 per hundred rubber. The compounds were mixed on a two-roll mill. The vulcanization process took place at 140 °C for 17 minutes. The test results showed that kaolin loading had a strong effect on the maximum torque, scorch time, optimum vulcanization time, and mechanical properties of the vulcanizate. Thermo gravimetric analysis showed that the thermal stability of the vulcanizate was influenced by kaolin loading.
The effect of nanostructured silica synthesis temperature on the characteristics of silica filled natural rubber composite
Authors: Sholeh Muhammad , Rochmadi Rochmadi , Sulistyo Hary , Budhijanto Budhijanto , Doloksaribu Martin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The processing, curing, mechanical, and morphological characteristics of natural rubber (NR) filled with nanostructured silica (NS) were discussed in this paper. NS was synthesized at 60-90°C using bagasse ash as raw material. NR was mixed with NS using Haake Rheomix equipped with roller rotors. Curing kinetics of NR compounds was studied using the data obtained from a moving die rheometer. Lower compounding temperature and lower compound viscosity were observed with increasing silica synthesis temperature. Highest bound rubber content and modulus at break were found at natural rubber filled with silica synthesized at 70°C. The state-of-mix of the filler was found to increase with increasing silica synthesis temperature. The curing curve obtained showed that the vulcanization kinetics follow autocatalytic model.
Medium Optimization for Production of Monascus purpureus Pigment through Solid-state Fermentation
Authors: Ismail G A , Fitriana A D , Sukandar U 
Published: April 2021

AbstractColorants are component that is commonly added to many kinds of product, including food products. Regardless of its effectiveness and lower price, the effects of synthetic colorants towards human’s health become a challenge for food colorant industries. Production of natural food colorant using microorganism as the producing agent is a promising prospect because microorganism has a high growth rate.Monascus purpureuscan produce a set of natural pigments consist of yellow (monascin and ankaflavin), orange (rubropunctatin and monascorubrin) and red (rubropunctamine and monascorubramine) pigment. The objective of this research is to optimize the micronutrient composition in the medium for the production of Monascus pigment through solid-state fermentation using the job’s tears (Coix lacryma-jobi L) as the substrate. Response surface method (RSM) was used to optimize the concentration of four substrate components: MSG, NaCl, KH2PO4, and MgSO4. From the experiment, it was found that the maximum red pigment was produced in medium with additional of (w/w): MSG 1.496%, NaCl 1.0%, KH2PO43.515% and MgSO40.206%. The yellow pigment was maximally produced in medium with additional of (w/w): MSG 1.5%, NaCl 1.0%, KH2PO42% and MgSO40.2%. Biomass was maximally produced in the medium with additional of (w/w): MSG 1.41%, NaCl 1.01%, KH2PO45.0% and MgSO40.2%. Among those nutrients, MSG gave the biggest impact on the increasing of pigment and biomass production.
Estimation of Xylose Recovery from Lignocellulosic Biomass
Authors: Kresnowati M T A P , Januardi D C , Utomo S V 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Lignocellulosic materials are potential raw materials for (bio)chemical industries due to their abundance. Its hemicellulosic content, for example, can be hydrolysed to xylose and later converted to various valuable biochemical products, e.g. xylitol. Due to the variability in characteristics and composition of the lignocellulosic materials, however, thorough research is required before the utilization of each type of lignocellulosic materials. This paper presents the development of an empirical model to estimate the yield of xylose from various lignocellulosic materials. A comprehensive literature study was conducted to build lignocellulosic database, in which the yields of xylose from various lignocellulosic materials that were processed by using different pretreatment condition were mapped. An empirical model was developed to establish a correlation between the type of lignocellulosic materials as well as the pretreatment operation condition (severity factor) and the yield of xylose. Several correction factors, such as biomass composition, lignin structure, and the succeeding hydrolysis process have been proposed to improve its accuracy.
The potential of Biogas in Energy Transition in Indonesia
Authors: Rianawati Elisabeth , Sagala Saut , Hafiz Ichsan , Anhorn Johannes , Alemu Sinshaw , Hilbert Jorge , Rosslee Dwight , Mohammed Mutala , Salie Yaseen , Rutz Dominik , Rohrer Michael , Sainz Angela , Kirchmeyr Franz , Zacepins Aleksejs , Hofmann Frank 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Indonesia is an agrarian country that has a rich bioenergy potency in liquid (biodiesel, bioethanol). The Government of Indonesia (GoI) has set the target to achieve 23% of renewable energy utilization into the national energy mix by 2025. In addition, the GoI also aims to increase the production of biofuel to 7.21 million kilolitres by 2019. Theoretically, biogas technology will be a strategic measure in achieving the target, however, at the moment the biogas technology market in Indonesia is still in a nascent state, especially for the direct utilization of biogas for electricity production. Alternatively, biogas provides Indonesia with a promising source of energy, which can be injected directly into natural gas grids and hitchhike existing distribution infrastructure, resulting in reduced costs along the production-distribution pipeline. For this reason, biomethane has been the focus of some developing countries (e.g Argentina, Republic of South Africa) in moving toward energy transition. This paper examines the state of the biogas market in Indonesia using literature review. The status of natural gas is mapped out through its available potential and the existing initiation of national programs related to biogas. Finally, the study provides recommendations on how biogas technology could accelerate the energy transition in Indonesia.
Biogas Utilization in KPBS Pangalengan: History and Challenges
Authors: Widiatmoko Pramujo , Rizkiana Jenny , Yuwono Susilo , Taufiq Mohammad , Purnama Hadi Candra 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Pangalengan has been known as business centre of dairy farming in southern Bandung area since Dutch colonization. The Dairy Farmer Cooperative of South Bandung (KPBS) Pangalengan is organizing the collection of raw milk from dairy farmer and sent them to further production system. There are three districts i.e. Pangalengan, Kertasari and Pacet. In this paper, we highlight the history and challenges of biogas utilization in the Pangalengan working field. Although utilization of biogas from dairy manure was long time ago initiated in the area, coverage of biogas application is still as low as 14%. A breakthrough is required to tackle the challenge. We introduced fostered village program in a collaboration between university and the farmer cooperative to ensure continuity of the biogas program.
Plastic marine debris study based on Indonesian plastic national balance (IPNB) and seashore approach
Authors: Abidin A Z , Steven S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A clear and accurate plastic marine debris amount to clarify Indonesian marine debris issues still does not exist. Only Jambeck’s study estimated that millions of tonnes of plastic enter the Indonesian ocean every year, but the result is often disputed. This study, hence, was conducted to calculate the Indonesian plastic marine debris amount using Indonesian plastic national balance (IPNB) and seashore approach. The study was based on Indonesia’s 2019 data of plastic production, plastic raw material and finished-product balance, plastic recycling industry, plastic consumption, and plastic distribution. Indonesian plastic industries have a total capacity of 2.66 MT/y, production of 2.31 MT/y, import of 1.67 MT/y, and recycle of 1.655 MT/y. The results from Indonesian plastic national balance (IPNB) imply that after-used plastic of 5.755 MT/y is categorized into material still-consumed, material recycled, and plastic waste. About 90% of the plastic waste is managed which further recycled (0.654 MT/y) and ended up in the landfill (0.868 MT/y), while the rest (about 10%) is mismanaged and become marine debris (0.17 MT/y). For the results from the seashore approach, after-used plastic is burned and buried (3.228 MT/y), recycled (1.655 MT/y), ended up in the landfill (0.868 MT/y), flowed to the river (0.009 MT/y), picked up in the river (0.005 MT/y), and the rest become marine debris (0.004 MT/y). Both results differ from Jambeck’s calculation (0.48-1.29 MT/y) and therefore, clarify that Indonesia is not the second-largest contributor country for plastic marine debris.
Regeneration of Spent Bleaching Earth for PLA Nanocomposite Filler
Authors: Gultom Hizkia M V , Paramitha Tika , Sitompul Johnner P 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper concerns on regeneration of spent bleaching earth (SBE) as a filler in biodegradable nanocomposite. The nanocomposite were produced from two different production methods, solvent casting and extrusion. SBE can be used as filler after being regenerated by removing oil and impurities. A regeneration method for SBE was conducted using chemical treatment. Regeneration process was proved to be succesful as shown in FTIR with the absence of peak at 2850 cm—1– 2930 cm−1and 1730 cm−1indicating the disappearance of free fatty acids and ester bonds from regenerated bleaching earth (RBE). The RBE was then applied as filler for PLA-Nanocomposite, biodegradable plastic, a suitable substitute for conventional plastic. The production of nanocomposite used two different surfactants, namely octadecyl amine (ODA) and trimethyl stearyl ammonium chloride (TSC) at two different concentration (20 mmol and 40 mmol). The mechanical property of PLA-Bentonite nanocomposite was then analyzed for tensile strength and permeability. The highest tensile strength and lowest gas permeability was obtained by nanocomposite that used 40 mmol TSC as surfactant, with 12.48 MPa and 0.017 g/day, respectively. Moreover, addition of regenerated bleaching earth to PLA-Nanocomposite during production using extrusion and solvent casting had slight different effect. XRD pattern of all extruded PLA-nanocomposite samples indicated the formation of exfoliated structure, as shown in XRD pattern with very low intensity peak around 2 nm at 2? = 5, while only a few of samples of PLA-nanocomposite created by solvent casting indicating the same structure.
Effect of Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) as a Green Solvent and the Addition of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) in Cellulose Acetate/Polybutylene Succinate (CA/PBS) Membrane’s Performance
Authors: Nyamiati R D , Rahmawati Y , Altway A , Nurkhamidah S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this study, performance of CA/PBS membranes, prepared with the non-toxic solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) compared to Dimethylformamide (DMF), was investigated. The membranes were prepared using immersion precipitation technique at coagulation bath at temperatures of 25°C. Ternary diagram was used to show the interaction between polymer (CA/PBS), solvents (DMF or DMSO) and isopropanol as non-solvent by measuring the cloud point instead of Hansen solubility parameter differences. The effect of Polyethylene Gycol (PEG) to the membrane performance was also investigated. Morphology and tensile strength were analyzed by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), respectively. Experimental results proved that DMSO could be used to replace (DMF) as solvent, as the membranes had a higher value of salt rejection (84.9%). With the addition of PEG, salt rejection, mechanical property, and porosity of CA/PBS membrane also increases. The best result shows that PEG with concentration of 7% wt of polymer, the salt rejection is 88.89%; Permeate Flux is 29.036 L/m2.hr; tensile strength is 68.366 kPa; porosity is 75.16 % and the morphology is sponge-like with the pore size diameter in average is 0.262 µm
Depolymerization Kinetics of Aqueous Cassava Starch under Sonication Process using Free-Radical Depolymerization Model and its Correlation with Radical Production from Acoustic Cavitation
Authors: Airlangga Bramantyo , Dewangga Widyanindra A , Ahmad Adnan Billah A , Novarita Trisanti Prida , Juwari  , Sumarno  
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The technology of biopolymer degradation to produce its derivative compounds is an important topic nowadays. The use of environmentally friendly methods, such as sonication, is a promising method for obtaining biopolymer derivative compounds. Sonication creates acoustic cavitation in the liquid body to produce radicals and microjets that can substitute acid substances in the degradation process. Through the sonication process, starch-based compounds can be degraded to oligosaccharides and reducing sugars, which have a variety of benefits in the food, pharmaceutical, and fermentation industries. Many experiments have been conducted to investigate the role of sonication in starch degradation. However, there is much process model that can describe the role of sonication in depolymerization. This work aims to evaluate the ability of sonication in producing reducing sugars and lower-molecular-weight starch by using the Free-radical depolymerization model and correlating it with the production of radicals from acoustic cavitation. Experiments were carried out using horn-type sonication with a power of 500W with various amplitudes. The reducing sugar analysis was carried out by the DNS method and the average molecular weight was estimated with Ubbelohde viscosimetry. From the simulation results, sonication with 30% of the maximum amplitude gives the largest radical production, which well correlates with the production of reducing sugar. The experimental results show a maximum yield of reducing sugar of 0.570 g / L in the process using S30 for 60 minutes.