bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mycotoxins in Foodstuffs: Case of Aflatoxin B1 and Ochratoxin A in Dry Okra and Cassava Chips Marketed in Daloa (Côte d’Ivoire)
Authors: Serge Ehouman Ano Guy , Clément Kouassi Kouassi , Athanase Kouassi Kra , Fréjus Ehui Edi Jean , Maxwell Beugre Grah Avit , Sory Traore Karim 
Published: September 2021

The mycotoxins are toxic composites frequently found in foodstuffs causing some damages to consumers. This current study has been realised in order to estimate the content of Aflatoxin B1 and Ochratoxin A in dry okra and cassava chips frequently consumed by the population of Daloa. The analysis by chromatography in the liquid phase at high performance has shown that these foodstuffs contain Aflatoxin B1 and Ochratoxin A. These results reveal an average content of : 2.58 ± 3.65 µg/Kg and 3.08 ± 5.04 µg/Kg for the Aflatoxin B1 ; 1.06 ± 0.86 µg/Kg and 0.61±0.24 µg/Kg for the Ochratoxin A respectively in the flour of cassava chips and the powder of dry okra. These concentrations are somewhat to higher than those allowed by the norm of Codex Alimentarius. Under this form, the consumption of these foodstuffs by the population expose them at risk of diseases.
Urethral Prolapse in Prepubertal Girls in Port Harcourt, Nigeria: A Multicentre Study
Authors: Gbobo Isesoma , Bassey Goddy 
Published: September 2021

Background: Urethral mucosa prolapse is a rare condition mainly seen in prepubertal girl with racial predilection for black girls.
Methodology: This was a multicenter 7-year retrospective analysis of 27 cases of urethral mucosa prolapse treated at the university of Port Harcourt teaching hospital and private health facilities in Port Harcourt from 2011-2018. Relevant information extracted from the case files include age, clinical presentation, examination findings, treatment modality and post-operative complications. Data was entered and analyse using SPSS version 25 and results were presented in simple percentages and frequency tables
Results: The institutional prevalence of urethral prolapse was 0.14%. The commonest presenting complaint was blood stains on the underwear in 23 (85.2%) patients while all patients presented with the characteristic ‘doughnut sign’ of a circumscribed fleshy mass surrounding the urethral meatus. All patients had intact hymen. Surgery was the primary treatment modality in 24 (88.9%) cases while conservative medical management was carried out in three (11.1%) patients. The success rate for surgical management was 100% and 33.3% for medical treatment. The commonest post-operative complication was dysuria reported in 7 (25.9%) cases and acute urinary retention was reported in one (3.75) patient.
Conclusion: Urethral mucosa prolapse is a rare but important condition in prepubertal girls presenting with vaginal bleeding due to the suspicion of sexual abuse. Surgical treatment offers better outcome amongst the studied population.
Effectiveness of Laparoscopy and Hysteroscopy to Optimize the Outcome of Assisted Reproductive Technology
Authors: Emam Mostafa Hussein , Elshwaikh Shereef Lotfy , Aglan Diaa Mounir , Mohamed Mostafa Zain Elabedin 
Published: September 2021

Background: Identifying the cause of infertility is complex and often reveals overlapping etiologies. Because of the valuable characteristics of hysteroscopy, it has been deemed a promising surgical intervention to improve in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes. The present study aimed to evaluate the role and effectiveness of combined laparoscopy and hysteroscopy in the assessment of uterine pathologies in infertile women with recurrent implantation failure (RIF) after IVF, and explore whether removal of such pathologies increased the rate of pregnancy in those women.
Methods: This prospective observational cohort study included 40 infertile patients presented with either primary or secondary infertility after repeated IVF/ intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) failure. Participants were selected from Endoscopy and Assisted Reproductive units in Obstetrics and Gynecology department at Tanta University Hospital.
Results: There was a statistically significant higher rate of successful cases in the abnormal hysteroscopic findings group. There was no statistically significant difference between normal and abnormal laparoscopic findings groups as regard successful ICSI procedure.
Conclusions: Hysteroscopy is recommended to be a routine diagnostic and therapeutic tool in any case with RIF or recurrent IVF/ICSI failures before a new attempt as it increases the success rate. We can’t recommend routine laparoscopy in any case with RIF or recurrent IVF/ICSI failures.
Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: van Ommen J. Ruud , Goulas Aristeidis , Puurunen Riikka L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAtomic layer deposition (ALD) is a gas‐phase method to grow layers of solid materials with subnanometer precision. It has been invented independently in the Soviet Union in the 1960s under the name molecular layering, and in the 1970s in Finland under the name atomic layer epitaxy. ALD relies on alternatingly exposing a surface to gaseous reactants—separated by a purge step—that react in a self‐terminating manner. This article introduces the fundamentals of the surface chemistry of ideal ALD, including saturating and irreversible reactions, growth per cycle, monolayer concepts relevant to ALD, typical surface reaction mechanisms, saturation‐limiting factors, growth modes, area‐selective ALD, growth kinetics, and conformality. It also discusses typical deviations from ideal ALD. Over the years, many different ALD process chemistries have been developed. A range of reactor systems is available, depending on the type of substrate and required productivity. ALD is broadly applicable in practice since it couples nanoscale precision with a good scalability and can be used to deposit a large variety of materials. In recent years, the interest in ALD has been growing strongly. The most important sector regarding commercial applications of ALD is currently the semiconductor industry.
Clinical and Molecular Findings After Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation or Cyclophosphamide for Scleroderma: Handling Missing Longitudinal Data
Authors: Keyes‐Elstein Lynette , Pinckney Ashley , Goldmuntz Ellen , Welch Beverly , Franks Jennifer M. , Martyanov Viktor , Wood Tammara A. , Crofford Leslie , Mayes Maureen , McSweeney Peter , Nash Richard , Georges George , Csuka M. E. , Simms Robert , Furst Daniel , Khanna Dinesh , Clair E. William St , Whitfield Michael L. , Sullivan Keith M. 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveAmong individuals with systemic sclerosis (SSc) randomized to cyclophosphamide (CYC) (n = 34) or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) (n = 33), we examined longitudinal trends of clinical, pulmonary function, and quality of life measures while accounting for the influence of early failures on treatment comparisons.MethodsAssuming that data were missing at random, mixed‐effects regression models were used to estimate longitudinal trends for clinical measures when comparing treatment groups. Results were compared to observed means and to longitudinal trends estimated from shared parameter models, assuming that data were missing not at random. Longitudinal trends for SSc intrinsic molecular subsets defined by baseline gene expression signatures (normal‐like, inflammatory, and fibroproliferative signatures) were also studied.ResultsAvailable observed means for pulmonary function tests appeared to improve over time in both arms. However, after accounting for participant loss, forced vital capacity in HSCT recipients increased by 0.77 percentage points/year but worsened by –3.70/year for CYC (P = 0.004). Similar results were found for diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide and quality of life indicators. Results for both analytic models were consistent. HSCT recipients in the inflammatory (n = 20) and fibroproliferative (n = 20) subsets had superior long‐term trends compared to CYC for pulmonary and quality of life measures. HSCT was also superior for modified Rodnan skin thickness scores in the fibroproliferative subset. For the normal‐like subset (n = 22), superiority of HSCT was less apparent.ConclusionLongitudinal trends estimated from 2 statistical models affirm the efficacy of HSCT over CYC in severe SSc. Failure to account for early loss of participants may distort estimated clinical trends over the long term.
On disturbance rejection control for nonlinear three‐revolute prismatic spherical ball and plate systems
Authors: Cai Tao , Dong Zhenye , Liu Xinning 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe three‐revolute prismatic spherical ball and plate system (BP) is a typical complex nonlinear uncertain system involving axial coupling, friction, and other nonlinear factors. It is difficult to identify the model for each factor and isolate its effect from other factors. In addition to such challenge, the measurement noise, which is beyond the capability of many traditional closed‐loop control methods, exists in the system. For this reason, an active disturbance‐rejection control scheme combining linear tracking differentiator is presented to tackle the problems in the BP system. The simulation and real system test are conducted in response to point‐to‐point trajectories, circular and rectangular loci. The results demonstrate that fast response with small steady error can be achieved by the proposed control method.GTOC:The paper
provide an active disturbance‐rejection
control scheme combining linear tracking differentiator for the BP system control, The simulation and real system test demonstrate that fast response
with small steady error can be achieved by the proposed control method.
Chromium‐Based Metal–Organic Framework as A‐Site Cation in CsPbI2Br Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yuan Songyang , Xian Yeming , Long Yi , Cabot Andreu , Li Wenzhe , Fan Jiandong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInorganic CsPbIxBr3−x perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained enormous interest due to their excellent thermal stabilities. However, their intrinsically poor moisture stability hampers their further development. Herein, a chromium‐based metal–organic framework group is intercalated inside the inorganic PbI framework, resulting in a new multiple‐dimensional electronically coupled CsPbI2Br perovskite. In this structurally and electronically coupled perovskite, the π‐conjugated terpyridyl can delocalize the excited valence electrons of metal Cr3+ ion, enabling multi‐interactive charge‐carrier transport channels within CsPbI2Br perovskites. The stability and efficiency of the produced devices are substantially enhanced in comparison to their counterparts with only a pristine CsPbI2Br active layer. The optimized all‐inorganic PSC yields a power conversion efficiency (PCE) as high as 17.02%. Remarkably, the stabilized device retains 80% of its PCE after 1000 h in the ambient atmosphere. This study provides a new paradigm toward addressing the stability challenge of the inorganic perovskite while enhancing its carrier transport ability.
PEDOT:PSS‐Free Polymer Non‐Fullerene Polymer Solar Cells with Efficiency up to 18.60% Employing a Binary‐Solvent‐Chlorinated ITO Anode
Authors: Sun Rui , Wang Tao , Wu Yao , Zhang Meng , Ma Yunlong , Xiao Zuo , Lu Guanghao , Ding Liming , Zheng Qingdong , Brabec Christoph J. , Li Yongfang , Min Jie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDespite the tremendous development of different high‐performing photovoltaic systems in non‐fullerene polymer solar cells (PSCs), improving their performance is still highly demanding. Herein, an effective and compatible strategy, i.e., binary‐solvent‐chlorinated indium tin oxide (ITO) anode, is presented to improve the device performance of the state‐of‐the‐art photoactive systems. Although both ODCB (1,2‐dichlorobenzene) solvent‐ and ODCB:H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) co‐solvent‐chlorinated ITO (ITO‐Cl‐ODCB and ITO‐Cl‐ODCB:H2O2) show similar optical transmittance, electrical conductivities, and work function values, ITO‐Cl‐ODCB:H2O2 exhibits higher Cl surface coverage and more suitable surface free energy close to the poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)‐buffered ITO anode (ITO/PEDOT:PSS). As a direct consequence, the performance of ITO‐Cl‐ODCB‐based PBDB‐T‐2F:BTP‐eC9:PC71BM PSCs is comparable as the bare ITO‐based devices. In contrast, the performance of ITO‐Cl‐ODCB:H2O2‐based devices with both small and the scaled‐up areas significantly surpass the ITO/PEDOT:PSS‐based devices. Furthermore, detailed experimental studies are conducted linking optical property, blend morphology, and physical dynamics to find the reasons for the performance difference. By applying the ITO‐Cl‐ODCB:H2O2 anode to six other photovoltaic systems, the device efficiencies are enhanced by 3.6–6.2% relative to those of the ITO/PEDOT:PSS‐based control devices, which validates its great application potential of co‐solvent‐modified ITO anode employed into PEDOT:PSS‐free PSCs.
Multiscale Photoacoustic Tomography of a Genetically Encoded Near‐Infrared FRET Biosensor
Authors: Li Lei , Hsu Hsun‐Chia , Verkhusha Vladislav V. , Wang Lihong V. , Shcherbakova Daria M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPhotoacoustic tomography (PAT) with genetically encoded near‐infrared probes enables visualization of specific cell populations in vivo at high resolution deeply in biological tissues. However, because of a lack of proper probes, PAT of cellular dynamics remains unexplored. Here, the authors report a near‐infrared Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensor based on a miRFP670‐iRFP720 pair of the near‐infrared fluorescent proteins, which enables dynamic functional imaging of active biological processes in deep tissues. By photoacoustically detecting the changes in the optical absorption of the miRFP670 FRET‐donor, they monitored cell apoptosis in deep tissue at high spatiotemporal resolution using PAT. Specifically, they detected apoptosis in single cells at a resolution of ≈3 µm in a mouse ear tumor, and in deep brain tumors (>3 mm beneath the scalp) of living mice at a spatial resolution of ≈150 µm with a 20 Hz frame rate. These results open the way for high‐resolution photoacoustic imaging of dynamic biological processes in deep tissues using NIR biosensors and PAT.
Prediction of cotton yield reduction after hail damage using a UAV‐based digital camera
Authors: Wang Le , Liu Yang , Wen Ming , Li Minghua , Dong Zhiqiang , He Zheng , Cui Jing , Ma Fuyu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTo elucidate different performances of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) yield reduction prediction model at multiple damage stages under different hailstorm damage levels, six times (I–VI, no repeated damage) of hail damage simulation treatments with four damage levels (0, 30, 60, and 90%) for modeling and natural hailstorm tracking experiment for model verification were conducted in 2017–2019. Eleven image parameters derived from an unmanned aerial vehicle‐based digital camera were analyzed. In addition, four regression methods (traditional regression analysis, partial least squares regression (PLSR), support vector regression, and back‐propagation neural network) were employed to develop a prediction model of cotton yield reduction. The results indicate that cotton yield prediction model at each damage stage performed better than a general model developed for all damage stages. Considering the bloom stage (75 d after sowing) as a boundary, three PLSR models based on multiple image parameters were developed for pre‐bloom hail damage. For post‐bloom hail damage, a general quadratic polynomial model based on relative canopy cover performed the best among all regression models. In conclusion, for pre‐bloom hail damage, the yield prediction model for each damage stage should be developed, whereas for post‐bloom hail damage, a general yield prediction model should be developed. The results of this work might serve as a guide for farmers and agricultural insurance companies to estimate hailstorm damages quickly and accurately.
Productivity nutritive value and economic potential of irrigated fodder in two regions of Ghana
Authors: Amole T. Adegoke , Panyan Emmaunel , Adekeye Adetayo , Ayantunde Augustine , Duncan Alan , Blummel Michael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAn on‐farm study was conducted in the northern and Upper East regions of Ghana to investigate the productivity and nutritive value of irrigated ruzi grass [Urochloa ruziziensis (R. Germ. and C.M. Evrard) Crins] (syn. Brachiaria ruziziensis (R. Germ. and C.M. Evrard)] and forage sorghum (Sorghum almum) grasses as options against dry season feed scarcity and to understand associated market opportunities. Sixty participating farmers each established 100‐m2 plots which were sown at 15 kg ha–1 drilled in 60‐cm rows in the dry season of 2016 and 2017. Irrigation was by flooding of soil surface every alternate day throughout the period of the trial. At both regions, herbage accumulation and nutritive value of forage species were determined at four harvesting stages: 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks after planting (WAP) followed by 4‐wk intervals between harvests. At the end of the trial, fresh biomass was weighed, bundled, and sold in major livestock feed markets to estimate market price. Allowing forages to establish for only 8 wk resulted in two 4‐wk regrowth harvests with dry matter accumulation (DMA) ranging from 4.5 to 8.1 Mg DM ha–1 from both species and in both regions. Generally, herbage nutritive values in terms of crude protein, metabolizable energy (ME) concentration, and in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM) declined (P < .05) while DMA increased linearly with delay in harvest. While both grasses adapted well in the regions under irrigation, 8 WAP harvests provided the best balance between nutritive value and DMA. Irrigated fodder must be marketed more effectively since currently market prices are not closely related to nutritive value.
Hand grip strength in boys and girls from summer school camps in Spain, 1900–1925. A comparison with 21st century data
Authors: Herráez Angel , Marrodán María Dolores , González‐Montero de Espinosa Marisa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe Spanish National Pedagogic Museum (Museo Pedagógico Nacional, MPN), founded by La Institución Libre de Enseñanza, organized the first summer school camps in Spain and their initiative was followed by other institutions in this country. MPN prepared anthropological forms for those sojourns, which included information about both metric and physiological measurements of the schoolchildren. The aim of the current work is to analyze hand grip strength data and to compare them with recent values.MethodsThe initial sample included 2418 schoolchildren from 6 to 16 years old (1467 males, 951 females) attending the camps, but after preliminary analyses, the study was restricted to 1073 boys and 818 girls in the 1900–1925 interval. Three time periods were established and 13 categories of height at camp entry, every 5 cm. Normality tests were run as well as contrasts of means, and both average values and percentiles were calculated for hand grip strength in both hands, as a function of age and height categories.ResultsThe 1900–1925 interval was chosen since there were no significant differences among hand grip data within that period. Results show that children attending the camps had dynamometry values in both hands well below the current ones, both with reference to their height and to their age.ConclusionsCamp attendees displayed very low values of height and hand grip strength in both hands. Both are significantly lower than contemporary values, manifesting a secular effect.
Uniparental origins of the admixed Argentine Patagonia
Authors: Tamburrini Camila , de Saint Pierre Michelle , Bravi Claudio Marcelo , Bailliet Graciela , Jurado Medina Laura , Velázquez Irina Florencia , Real Luciano Esteban , Holley Alfredo , Tedeschi Claudia Marcela , Basso Néstor Guillermo , Parolin María Laura 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to contribute to the understanding of the ancient geographic origins of the uniparentally inherited markers in modern admixed Argentinian populations from central Patagonia with new information provided for the city of Trelew. We attempted to highlight the importance of combining different genetic markers when studying population history.MethodsThe mtDNA control region sequence was typified in 89 individuals and 12 Y‐STR and 15 Y‐SNP loci were analyzed in 66 males. With these data, analysis of molecular variance and Network analyses were carried out. We exhaustively compared the modern data with ancient mtDNA information. Finally, we tested the differences in continental origins estimated by uniparental and previously published biparental markers.ResultsNative American mtDNAs (53.9%) increased when maternal ancestors were born in the northern (81.8%) and southern (58.5%) regions of Argentina or in Chile (77.8%). Population substructure was only observed for Y‐chromosome haplotypes. Some mtDNA haplogroups have been present in the area for at least ca. 2762–2430 and ca. 500 (D1g and D1g4 haplogroups) and ca. 6736 and ca. 6620 (C1b and C1c haplogroups) years, respectively. In contrast, haplogroups B2i2 and C1b13, frequent in modern Patagonia populations, had not been found in previous ancient DNA studies of the region.ConclusionsThe results suggest that Native American ancestry is well preserved in the region. Trelew samples had characteristic native mtDNA haplogroups previously described in Chilean and Argentine Patagonian populations, but not observed in ancient samples until now. These findings support the idea that these lineages have a recent regional origin. Finally, the estimated proportions of continental ancestry depend on the genetic marker analyzed.
Vasa nervorum of epicardial nerves and valves of small veins investigated in porcine heart by two types of vascular injections
Authors: Musil Vladimir , Stingl Josef , Vanek Tomas , Riedlova Jitka , Suchomel Zdenek , Sach Josef , Kudrna Vaclav , Patzelt Matej , Kachlik David 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe morphology of the vascular supply of peripheral branches of cardiac nerves has not been systematically described until now. The aim of this study was to describe the architectonics of the vasa nervorum of epicardial nerves in porcine hearts by using two injection techniques. Twenty‐three hearts from young healthy pigs were used. In 10 hearts India ink solution was injected into the origin of the anterior interventricular branch. In another 10 hearts India ink solution was injected retrogradely through the coronary sinus. The hearts were then analyzed using a magnifying glass and light microscopy. The arterial injection showed the entirety of the rich venous components of the vasa nervorum, which often consisted of paired veins accompanying the epicardial nerves. The thickness of the nerves ranged from 50 to 815 μm. The vasa nervorum drained into larger subepicardial veins. In seven of the hearts prepared with venous injections the vasa nervorum of epicardial nerves were visualized in the same detail as in the arterial preparations and India ink solution filled the right ventricle via the smallest cardiac veins. The histological analysis of these seven hearts showed complete dehiscence and functional insufficiency of small and larger veins valves. In the other three hearts prepared with venous injections the valves were competent, which prevented retrograde filling of larger and smaller veins. The results obtained expand the current knowledge on epicardial nerves vasa nervorum and provide anatomical evidence behind the mechanism of retrograde application of cardioplegic solutions in cardiac surgery.