bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneity of emergency treatment practices in wheezing preschool children
Authors: Csonka Péter , Tapiainen Terhi , Mäkelä Mika J. , Lehtimäki Lauri 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimOur aim was to survey treatment practices used for preschool children with wheezing in emergency rooms (ER) focussing on inhalation device choice and handling, face mask use, salbutamol dosing and written instructions. We sought to assess whether current protocols are in line with published evidence and guidelines.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional survey done in paediatric ER units located in Finnish municipalities with more than 10 000 inhabitants.ResultsOf the 100 units contacted, 50% responded. More than 50% of the units used nebulisers. Only 13% of the units administered salbutamol in single puffs. More than 30% of the units lacked criteria on face mask use. Poor co‐operation had no effect on the dose of salbutamol in 62% of the units. Ensuring tight mask‐to‐face seal was included in the training in 20% of the units. A written action plan was provided to the caregivers in 28% of the units.ConclusionER treatment guidelines for preschool children with wheezing are poorly endorsed. Research is needed to identify approaches to guideline implementation that are specific for primary care. Clinical research should focus on strengthening recommendations that are currently not embraced. ER treatment protocols need to be updated and adherence to guidelines should be re‐evaluated.
Factors affecting borrowers’ turnover in microfinance institutions: A panel evidence
Authors: Mia Md Aslam , Banna Hasanul , Noman Abu Hanifa Md , Alam Md Rabiul , Rana Md. Sohel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn the era of competitiveness, clients or borrowers remain an important asset for financial institutions, as they are the ultimate source of revenue. Although the departure of clients from one microfinance institution (MFI) to another is a common phenomenon, the manner in which organizational characteristics affect turnover is largely unknown in the context of the microfinance industry. Hence, by utilizing recent (2010–18) data on 235 MFIs from the global microfinance industry, this study investigates the factors affecting the borrower turnover rates (BTR) of MFIs by employing conventional panel regression techniques. To overcome endogeneity and ensure robust and dynamic results, the generalized method of moments (GMM) has also been used in this study. The findings reveal that the efficiency‐wage and financial self‐sufficiency of MFIs reduce BTR, while staff turnover rate, write‐off ratio and average loan size increase BTR. Our results remain robust even after controlling for several market and macro‐economic factors. The findings could be utilized to generate several policy implications to reduce borrowers’ turnover.
Who listens to mother? A whole‐family perspective on the evolution of maternal hormone allocation
Authors: Bebbington Kat , Groothuis Ton G. G. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTMaternal effects, or the influence of maternal environment and phenotype on offspring phenotype, may allow mothers to fine‐tune their offspring's developmental trajectory and resulting phenotype sometimes long after the offspring has reached independence. However, maternal effects on offspring phenotype do not evolve in isolation, but rather within the context of a family unit, where the separate and often conflicting evolutionary interests of mothers, fathers and offspring are all at play. While intrafamilial conflicts are routinely invoked to explain other components of reproductive strategy, remarkably little is known about how intrafamilial conflicts influence maternal effects. We argue that much of the considerable variation in the relationship between maternally derived hormones, nutrients and other compounds and the resulting offspring phenotype might be explained by the presence of conflicting selection pressures on different family members. In this review, we examine the existing literature on maternal hormone allocation as a case study for maternal effects more broadly, and explore new hypotheses that arise when we consider current findings within a framework that explicitly incorporates the different evolutionary interests of the mother, her offspring and other family members. Specifically, we hypothesise that the relationship between maternal hormone allocation and offspring phenotype depends on a mother's ability to manipulate the signals she sends to offspring, the ability of family members to be plastic in their response to those signals and the capacity for the phenotypes and strategies of various family members to interact and influence one another on both behavioural and evolutionary timescales. We also provide suggestions for experimental, comparative and theoretical work that may be instrumental in testing these hypotheses. In particular, we highlight that manipulating the level of information available to different family members may reveal important insights into when and to what extent maternal hormones influence offspring development. We conclude that the evolution of maternal hormone allocation is likely to be shaped by the conflicting fitness optima of mothers, fathers and offspring, and that the outcome of this conflict depends on the relative balance of power between family members. Extending our hypotheses to incorporate interactions between family members, as well as more complex social groups and a wider range of taxa, may provide exciting new developments in the fields of endocrinology and maternal effects.
Social practice theory: An innovative approach to considering preschool children’s poor oral health
Authors: Durey Angela , Gibson Barry J , Ward Paul R , Calache Hanny , Slack‐Smith Linda 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOral disease in early childhood is highly prevalent and costly and impacts on the child and family with significant societal costs. Current approaches have largely failed to improve young children's oral health. This paper proposes a different approach to conceptualize poor oral health in preschool children (0‐5 years) using social practices. Social practice theory offers an innovative perspective to understanding oral health by shifting emphasis away from the individual and onto how practical, social and material arrangements around the oral health of preschool children exist, change or become embedded in the social structures they inhabit. This novel approach contributes to the growing theoretical understanding in this area and has the potential to offer insights into the problem and ways it might be addressed.
Evidence that post‐fire recovery of small mammals occurs primarily via in situ survival
Authors: Hale Susannah , Mendoza Lorissa , Yeatman Tom , Cooke Raylene , Doherty Tim , Nimmo Dale , White John G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimAs climate change intensifies and wildfire frequency and scale increase, it is critical we develop a robust understanding of how species recover from these major disturbances. Here, we aim to determine whether source populations for recovery following large‐scale intense wildfires are derived from either in situ survival, or immigration from surrounding unburnt areas (ex situ). Secondly, we sought to determine whether habitat elements (e.g., logs) within the landscape facilitate in situ survival of small mammals during fires.LocationGrampians National Park, south‐eastern Australia.MethodsWe used long‐term post‐fire small mammal monitoring to investigate sources of recovery for small mammals, and camera trapping and habitat surveys immediately following large intense wildfires to assess evidence for and drivers of post‐fire survival.ResultsWe found no relationship between distance to unburnt vegetation and the occurrence of any native species, suggesting that in situ survival is the probable mechanism for recovery of post‐fire mammal populations, compared with immigration from external unburnt areas. We also show that key habitat elements such as rocks and large trees were associated with the occurrence of several species immediately post‐fire, suggesting a role for these features in facilitating the survival of species during and following fire.Main conclusionsWe present evidence for post‐fire recovery being driven by in situ survival. In situ survival is facilitated by small unburnt patches and habitat elements in burnt areas. These surviving individuals become the founders for subsequent post‐fire population recovery. Given that globally we are seeing increasingly frequent large‐scale wildfires driven by climate change, the capacity for in situ survival will help mitigate some of the fire‐related impacts of climate change.
COVID‐19 vaccine‐associated immune thrombosis and thrombocytopenia (VITT): Diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations for a new syndrome
Authors: Franchini Massimo , Liumbruno Giancarlo Maria , Pezzo Mario 
Published: May 2021

AbstractVery rare cases of thrombosis associated with thrombocytopenia have occurred following the vaccination with AstraZeneca COVID‐19 vaccine. The aim of this concise review is to summarize the current knowledge on the epidemiologic and pathogenic mechanisms of this syndrome named vaccine‐associated immune thrombosis and thrombocytopenia (VITT). A practical patient management section will also be dealt with using information available from national and international scientific societies as well as expert panels. A literature search on the VITT syndrome was carried out in PubMed using appropriate MeSH headings. Overall, 40 VITT cases have been reported. Continuous pharmacovigilance monitoring is needed to collect more data on the real incidence and the pathogenesis of VITT syndrome. Such information will also help us to optimize the management this rare but often clinically severe thrombotic condition associated with COVID‐19 vaccination.
A hybrid decision‐making framework under complex spherical fuzzy prioritized weighted aggregation operators
Authors: Akram Muhammad , Khan Ayesha , Alcantud José Carlos R. , Santos‐García Gustavo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractComplex spherical fuzzy set, an extended version of spherical fuzzy set, is a very powerful tool to capture fourfold information (typically yes, no, abstain and refusal), in which the range of degrees occurs in the complex plane with unit disk. Through this prominent feature, complex spherical fuzzy sets outperform earlier concepts of fuzzy sets and their extensions. This research article utilizes complex spherical fuzzy sets and prioritized weighted aggregation operators to construct the complex spherical fuzzy prioritized weighted averaging/geometric operators. We present their most noticeable properties. Further, we establish a decision‐making approach that takes full advantage of the aforesaid operators. To explore their superiority and applicability in decision making, we apply our algorithm to a numerical example. Finally, we compare this decision‐making approach with prevailing methods in this context.
Illiterate Mothers and Their Daughters: “My daughter should be educated, not be like me”
Authors: Atli Abdullah 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveThe primary purpose of this qualitative study was to develop a detailed understanding and an insight into the experiences and roles of illiterate mothers on the educational experiences of their daughters from the perspective of both mothers and the daughters in Turkey.BackgroundAlthough there are various studies about the effects of mothers on their children, there is not a large body of research examining the experiences of illiterate mothers' daughters and how they perceive these experiences.MethodTo this end, 21 illiterate mothers and their 21 daughters were interviewed. As a result of the thematic analyses of these interviews, four major themes emerged based on in vivo codes: “Mother, let me change,” “Mother, I will not leave you,” “My daughter, I wish I could do better,” and “My daughter should be educated, and not be like me.” It was understood that participating mothers made sacrifices for their daughters to attend school despite some conflicts and insufficiencies. Expecting their daughters not to be dependent on their husbands and to stand on their own feet in the future was the greatest aspiration of participating illiterate mothers.ConclusionThis study shows that illiterate mothers are at the forefront of a difficult struggle to change social beliefs and expectations that prevent women from obtaining education.ImplicationsIlliteracy is at the heart of the problem that some mothers face. An effective policy would be to open literacy centers in areas where women's literacy rates are low. Because these mothers are illiterate, recruiting them to programs should be done in ways that do not include written advertisement. Courses based on human rights, and on women's and children's rights, should be included in the curriculum at schools, offering examples of their implementation and achievements.
Grass and legume breeding matching the future needs of European grassland farming
Authors: Rognli Odd Arne , Pecetti Luciano , Kovi Mallikarjuna Rao , Annicchiarico Paolo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPlant breeding can be pivotal to produce new grassland varieties with better adaptation to changes in seasonal pattern and increased variability of temperature, precipitation and length of the growing seasons as determined by climate change. Cultivation of legume species is expected to increase, and will make crop–livestock systems more sustainable and self‐sufficient for feed proteins. In northern Europe, the higher temperatures and longer growing season will create opportunities for increasing yield, while in southern Europe greater drought tolerance and growth in the cool seasons will be indispensable to maintain crop yields. Greater intra‐ and interspecific diversity is recommended for grasslands in both regions. In the north, also broader genetic diversity, particularly in terms of adaptation pattern (response diversity), is needed, requiring pre‐breeding to enlarge the gene pool by introgression of exotic, less adapted genetic resources as a first step. Genetic gain in forage crop breeding has been modest over time, and new breeding methods need to be implemented to speed up the development of new cultivars with proper adaptation to future climate conditions. Novel technologies such as genome‐enabled selection and high‐throughput phenotyping will play a major role in this context. They are rapidly evolving and increasingly adopted, albeit with technical challenges and a need for optimization of breeding schemes for optimal exploitation.
Karyotypic complexity, TP53 pathogenic variants, and increased number of variants on Next‐Generation Sequencing are associated with disease progression in a North American Adult T‐Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma cohort
Authors: Zhang Xi , Shi Yang , Ramesh KH , Naeem Rizwan , Wang Yanhua 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionAdult T‐Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL) is an aggressive T‐cell malignancy without known characteristic cytogenetic abnormalities. Recurrent mutations in TP53, APC, and epigenetic and histone‐modifying genes have been identified in North American ATLL. Their roles in disease progression are not yet fully elucidated.MethodsWe studied the cytogenetic and Next‐Generation Sequencing (NGS) findings of the North American ATLL cohort at our institution and compared the findings with Japanese and other North American cohorts. We also analyzed the genetic variants in TP53, APC, and histone‐modifying genes and investigated the impact of their mutations on the number of mutations via NGS in ATLL.ResultsCases with more than 6 chromosomal breaks (n = 13) had significantly shorter overall survival compared to cases with fewer chromosomal breaks (n = 7) (P = .0007). Cases with breaks on chromosome 3q (n = 4) exhibited worse survival compared to the rest of the cases (n = 16) (P = .012). Chromosomal abnormalities on 3q, 14q, 1q, 1p, and 17q are likely primary changes in ATLL based on frequency and association with prognosis. The average number of mutations via NGS was significantly higher in cases with mutations in TP53 (n = 8) (P = .020) as well as APC (n = 6) (P = .024) compared to cases without mutations in these genes. All TP53 variants were pathogenic missense and truncating mutations in COSMIC database.ConclusionCytogenetic and NGS methods are useful tools to monitor disease progression in indolent ATLL and assess prognosis in aggressive ATLL.
Is the Journey more Important than the Destination? EU Accession and Corporate Governance and Performance of Banks
Authors: Onal Mehmet Maksud , Ashton John K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article examines how accession to and subsequent membership of the EU has influenced the dissemination of corporate governance characteristics and the financial performance of the banking industry. Using a hand‐collected, cross‐national dataset from EU member and candidate states the analysis indicates the candidacy period is associated with the better financial performance of banks than the latter period of EU membership. EU membership also has a significant negative influence on adopting some corporate governance arrangements. We infer this result is consistent with instrumental rationality explanations of Europeanization. While the process of accession has brought benefits, these are not always reinforced by subsequent EU membership.
Effect of nursing procedures on the hand skin temperature of female hospital nurses
Authors: Suzuki Miyuki , Tsuchida Toshie , Ibe Aki , Matsuhisa Tomomi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsNurses’ hand temperature may affect patient comfort but has not been investigated. This study aimed to determine female hospital nurses' hand skin temperature and clarify the effects of measurement site, time, nursing procedures, and environment.DesignAn observational study.MethodsThe middle finger, thenar eminence, hypothenar eminence, and medial forearm skin temperature of 29 female hospital nurses was measured at four time points during a day shift and before and after nursing procedures (hand disinfection, hand washing, taking vital signs, hygiene care, and positioning).ResultsMean hand skin temperature was in the range of 29–32°C with interpersonal variations. Mean skin temperature at the medial forearm was 31.94–32.35°C (SD 0.87–1.52°C) and at the middle finger, 29.73–31.07°C (SD > 3°C). Time‐dependent skin temperature fluctuations were confirmed on the middle finger (p = .022), and thenar (p = .005) and hypothenar eminence (p = .001). There were weak correlations between skin temperature and environmental factors, including ambient temperature (ρ = .194–.266), humidity (ρ = −.309 to −.319), and hospital room wind speed (ρ = .253–.314). The skin temperature dropped significantly after hand disinfection and handwashing at all measurement sites (middle finger: −1.30 and −3.56°C, respectively; thenar eminence: −1.19 and −3.32°C; hypothenar eminence: −0.80 and −3.39°C; medial forearm: −0.21 and −1.60°C).ConclusionThese findings may raise nurses' awareness of their skin temperature. Moreover, our study highlights the need to develop countermeasures to ensure optimal nurses' skin temperature and patient comfort.
Motivating sustainable behaviors: The role of religiosity in a cross‐cultural context
Authors: Kaplan Begum , Iyer Easwar S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInterest in sustainability is increasing as a result of the stress placed by a growing global population on resources. Marketers are well positioned to understand the adoption of sustainable consumption. The influence of religiosity on sustainability has been studied although the findings are mixed. Our research aims to address that discrepancy and provide a better understanding of the role of religiosity in sustainable behaviors. Religiosity is influenced by cultural factors espoused by society at large. To gain insight into the relationship between religiosity and sustainability we utilized a mixed‐method approach to examine the dynamics of these relationships in three national contexts: The United States, Turkey, and Greece. We found that religiosity has a significant influence on sustainable behavior in cultures that are collectivist with a long‐term orientation. We also found that this effect is mediated by individuals' long‐term orientation. Our findings provide important theoretical contributions and help inform public policy.
Informative title: Effects of social support, parenting stress and self‐efficacy on postpartum depression among adolescent mothers in Jordan
Authors: Mohammad Khitam I. , Sabbah Hanan , Aldalaykeh Mohammed , ALBashtawy Mohammed , Z. Abuobead Kholoud , Creedy Debra , Gamble Jenny 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAim and ObjectiveThis study investigated the effects of social support, parenting stress and maternal self‐efficacy on postpartum depression among adolescent mothers in Jordan.BackgroundAdolescent pregnancy may have serious health, social and economic consequences for young women, families and communities. In Jordan, the incidence of adolescent pregnancy has increased from 5% in 2012 to 15% in 2018. Little attention has been given to postpartum depression among adolescent mothers in Arab and Middle Eastern countries.MethodIn a cross‐sectional design using convenience sampling, 200 women aged less than 20 years, six to eight weeks postpartum and who could speak and read Arabic were interviewed in a participating health clinic. The interview occurred before or after a woman's scheduled clinic appointment and included socio‐demographic data, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Maternity Social Support Scale (MSSS), Parenting Stress Scale (PSS) and Perceived Self‐efficacy Scale (PSES). Data collection took place between December of 2018 and April of 2019. Reporting followed the STROBE guidelines.ResultsResults revealed that 28.5% of adolescent mothers had probable postpartum depression. Mothers who reported high social support, high parenting stress, low self‐efficacy, financial stress and marital conflict had significantly higher EPDS scores than those who did not report these stressors.ConclusionPrevalence of postpartum depression reported in this study warrants immediate action on early assessment, detection and intervention. High levels of social support may feel overwhelming for young mothers and contribute to high parenting stress, low maternal self‐efficacy and marital conflict.Relevance to clinical practiceAdolescent mothers are at increased risk of PPD compared to mothers over 20 years of age. Perceived quality rather than availability of social support needs to be considered. Young mothers require education and early intervention prevention strategies to better prepared them for motherhood and manage stressors associated with their changing social role.