bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENERAPAN STRATEGI PENINJAUAN KEMBALI DENGAN PENCOCOKAN KARTU INDEKS DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA
Authors: SUTISNA DEDE 
Published: September 2021

Penerapan Strategi Peninjauan Kembali dengan Pencocokan Kartu Indeks diterapakan pada Siswa Kelas IX.2 SMPN 2 Jakarta dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika. Hipotesis tindakan yang dirumuskan adalah “Melalui strategi peninjauan kembali dengan pencocokan kartu indeks, akan meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika pada siswa kelas IX.2 SMP Negeri 2 Jakarta”. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua siklus terhadap 33 orang siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi oleh guru dan kolaborator, dan analisis data dilakukan secara deskripsi dengan teknik persentase. Tingkat aktifitas (h) dalam proses pembelajaran, dengan katagori tinggi (jika h ? 80%) , sedang (jika 60 ? h < 80), dan rendah (jika h < 60). Sedangkan tingkat keberhasilan strategi peninjauan kembali dengan pencocokan kartu indeks, dengan katagori berhasil ( ? 73,00 dan KTB ? 70 %), kurang berhasil ( < 73,00 dan KTB ? 70 % atau ? 73,00 dan KTB < 70 %), dan tidak berhasil ( < 73,00 dan KTB < 70 %). Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa penerapan strategi peninjauan kembali dengan pencocokan kartu indeks berhasil meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika pada siswa kelas IX.2 SMPN 2 Jakarta. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan rata-rata hasil belajar siswa kelas IX.2 sebelum PTK, pada siklus I dan siklus II berturut-turut adalah 58,97%, 75,64% dan 79,19%. Sedangkan ketuntasan belajar sebelum PTK, pada siklus I dan siklus II berturut-turut adalah 23,51%, 63,64% dan 75,00%. Untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika siswa dalam pembelajaran matematika, khususnya pada materi barisan bilangan guru dapat menggunakan strategi peninjauan kembali dengan pencocokan kartu indeks.
Abordagem familiar para a doação de órgãos: percepção dos enfermeiros
Authors: Costa Antonielle Moreira , Marcondes Camila , Pessôa Janaína , Couto Rosita Maria Do 
Published: September 2021

RESUMOObjetivos: identificar a percepção de enfermeiros sobre a abordagem familiar para a doação de órgãos. Método: trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, explicativo e exploratório, com seis enfermeiros de duas instituições de saúde realizado por meio de entrevista aberta e discutida pela Análise de Conteúdo. Resultados: demonstrou-se que a falta de conhecimento relacionada ao processo de doação de órgãos, principalmente sobre a morte encefálica, é a maior dificuldade encontrada pela equipe de Enfermagem. Conclusão: conclui-se que o enfermeiro atuante na abordagem familiar deve aperfeiçoar-se constantemente, bem como as instituições de saúde devem investir em educação continuada e permanente para todos os colaboradores, além de investimentos financeiros para a maior divulgação sobre a temática. Descritores: Abordagem Familiar; Doação de Órgãos; Enfermagem; Família; Seres Humanos; Transplantes.ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify the nurses' perception about the family approach to organ donation. Method: this is a qualitative, explanatory and exploratory study with six nurses from two health institutions conducted through an open interview and discussed by Content Analysis. Results: it was demonstrated that the lack of knowledge related to the process of organ donation, mainly on brain death, is the greatest difficulty found by the Nursing team. Conclusion: it is concluded that the nurses working in the family approach must constantly improve, as well as health institutions should invest in continuous and permanent education for all employees, as well as financial investments for greater dissemination on the subject. Descriptors: Family Approach; Organ donation; Nursing; Family; Human beings; Transplants.RESUMEN Objetivos: identificar la percepción de enfermeros sobre el enfoque familiar para la donación de órganos. Método: se trata de un estudio cualitativo, explicativo y exploratorio, con seis enfermeros de dos instituciones de salud realizado por medio de una entrevista abierta y discutida por el Análisis de Contenido. Resultados: se demostró que la falta de conocimiento relacionada con el proceso de donación de órganos, principalmente sobre la muerte encefálica, es la mayor dificultad encontrada por el equipo de Enfermería. Conclusión: se concluye que el enfermero actuante en el enfoque familiar debe perfeccionarse constantemente, así como las instituciones de salud deben invertir en educación continua y permanente para todos los colaboradores, además de inversiones financieras para la mayor divulgación sobre la temática. Descriptores: Enfoque familiar; Donación de Órganos; Enfermería; Familia; Seres Humanos; Trasplants.
Amalan budaya di Malaysia yang dikaitkan dengan sunnah: analisis terhadap aspek pemakanan dan pengubatan
Authors: Ahmad Khadher , Mohd Rokhibi Ibrahim Adham 
Published: September 2021

Amalan budaya dalam masyarakat Islam di Malaysia adalah pelbagai dan sebahagiannya mirip kepada amalan yang disarankan dalam sunnah Nabi SAW. Istilah sunnah adalah merujuk kepada sesuatu yang diambil daripada Nabi SAW. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk meneliti dan mengkaji beberapa amalan budaya dalam masyarakat Islam di Malaysia yang mempunyai hubung kait atau mirip kepada amalan sunnah yang disarankan oleh Nabi SAW. Melalui analisis induktif dan deduktif, artikel ini melakukan penilaian hanya terhadap amalan budaya dalam aspek makanan dan pemakanan serta pengubatan Islam sahaja melalui pemahaman dan perbincangan dalam hadis-hadis yang berkaitan. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa bentuk-bentuk amalan budaya dalam aspek makanan dan pemakanan adalah budaya “kenduri” atau menjamu makan dan isu berkaitan dengan makanan sunnah. Sedangkan dalam aspek pengubatan penyakit pula, amalan yang telah menjadi budaya adalah penggunaan jampi dan rukyah, penggunaan bahan rawatan seperti air, daun bidara dan garam dalam rawatan penyakit. Tidak dinafikan bahawa walaupun ia telah menjadi budaya, bukan bermaksud bahawa amalan tersebut dilarang kerana selagi mana ia tidak melanggar batas ketentuan syarak, maka dibenarkan untuk terus diamalkan.
Ciudadanía digital: alcances, límites y rol de la educación
Authors: Torres Maldonado María Alejandra , Ortiz Portocarrero Alier 
Published: September 2021

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el concepto de ciudadanía digital en el contexto de la sociedad de la información y el conocimiento; asimismo, conocer los alcances y límites de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) para el ejercicio real y pleno de la ciudadanía en el contexto peruano en particular y el rol de la educación en la construcción de una ciudadanía digital. Para ello, se revisaron diversas fuentes, tanto nacionales como internacionales, relacionadas con el tema de la ciudadanía digital. La primera constatación es que las nuevas tecnologías impactan profundamente en las formas como las personas, especialmente los jóvenes, se vinculan entre ellos y con las instituciones, así como, en sus vidas cotidianas, crean posibilidades de participación y empoderamiento ciudadano, y visibilizan grupos humanos y derechos que antes no existían. Sin embargo, se constatan también las limitaciones de la participación en la red, referidas a su impacto en las transformaciones que se pretenden lograr, así como la necesidad de cambios culturales y normativos de mayor acceso a las nuevas tecnologías y, especialmente, de una educación para el desarrollo de competencias digitales para el ejercicio óptimo y responsable de la ciudadanía digital.
This article aims to analyze the concept of digital citizenship in the context of the information and Acknowledge society; additionally, to identify the scope and limits of new information communication technologies (ICT) for the real and full exercise of citizenship, particularly in the Peruvian context, and the role of education in the construction of digital citizenship. To this end, various sources, both national and international, related to the issue of digital citizenship were reviewed. The first finding is that new technologies have a profound impact on the ways in which people, especially young people, interact with each other, with institutions, as well as in their daily lives, creating possibilities for citizen participation and empowerment, and making visible groups and human rights which did not exist before. However, the limitations of participation in the network are also noted as they relate to the impacts of said participation on the expected transformations, as well as the need for cultural and regulatory changes, greater access to new technologies and, especially, education for the development of digital skills for the optimal and responsible exercise of digital citizenship.
“Ya no vamos a poder dejar las puertas abiertas”: experiencias territoriales de cara al actual proceso de paz en Colombia. Una mirada a la región de El Pato
Authors: Carrillo González Lorena 
Published: September 2021

En más de cinco décadas de confrontación armada, generaciones enteras aprendieron a vivir en medio de ella, compartiendo cotidianidades con los distintos actores armados y regulando su diario vivir conforme a la toma de algunas decisiones estratégicas de la guerra. Presento aquí una mirada etnográfica sobre las experiencias desarrolladas en una de las regiones más emblemáticas para la guerra en Colombia, la región de El Pato, centrada en la forma en la que se planearon, diseñaron y construyeron unas normas de convivencia comunitarias tanto por campesinos y campesinas, como por miembros de la insurgencia de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia-Ejército del Pueblo, Farc-EP, para concertar la regulación del orden social en esa localidad campesina. Tomo esta construcción conjunta para mostrar que en los territorios colombianos la guerra ha significado más que violencias.Palabras Clave: Farc-EP, Acuerdos de paz, Comunidades campesinas, Vida cotidiana, Territorio, Región de El Pato ABSTRACT"WE WILL NO LONGER BE ABLE TO LEAVE THE DOORS OPEN": TERRITORIAL EXPERIENCES IN THE FACE OF THE CURRENT PEACE PROCESS IN COLOMBIA. A LOOK AT EL PATO REGIONIn more than five decades of armed confrontation, many generations learned to live in it, sharing the everyday life with different armed groups and regulating their daily lives as some strategic decisions of war. I present here an ethnographic look at the experiences in one of the most emblematic regions for the war in Colombia: El Pato. Focusing on how they were planned, designed and constructed rules of community living, both peasants and members of the insurgency of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia-People’s Army, FARC-EP , to arrange regulation the social order in this rural town . I take this joint construction to show that in Colombian´s territory war has meant more than violence.Key Words: Farc-EP, Peace agreements, Peasant communities, Everyday life, Territory, Region of El Pato
Enfoques sobre el reclutamiento forzado de niños, niñas y adolescentes
Authors: Jimenez Kelly 
Published: September 2021

Este artículo tiene como propósito identificar algunos de los enfoques conceptuales y normativos en torno al reclutamiento forzado de niños, niñas y adolescentes (NNA) por los grupos armados ilegales en Colombia, y para tal efecto se identificarán cuatro focos de discusión. El primero abordará el avance normativo internacional sobre dicho reclutamiento y la condición de víctima responsable en la normatividad nacional. El segundo mostrará un enfoque sobre las dinámicas sociopolíticas que fomentó el reclutamiento de NNA. El tercero presentará la diferencia de enfoques entre el reclutamiento forzado y el voluntario. En cuarto y último lugar se abordará la responsabilidad social para los NNA que fueron víctimas del reclutamiento forzado.Palabras Clave: Reclutamiento forzado, Reclutamiento voluntario, Grupos armados, Niños, AdolecentesABSTRACTAPPROACHES TO FORCED RECRUITMENT OF CHILDREN ADN ADOLESCENTSThis article aims to identify some of the conceptual and normative approaches around the forced recruitment of children, Girls and Teenagers (in Spanish NNA) by an illegal armed group in Colombia; four focuses of discussion will be identified for this purpose. The first will address the advance normative international on said recruitment and in the regulations national the condition of victim responsible. The second will show an approach of the dynamic social-political that promoted the recruitment of NNA. The third will present the difference in approaches between forced and voluntary recruitment. Finally, the fourth will develop a focus on social responsibility for NNA who were victims of forced recruitment.Key Words: Forced recruitment, Voluntary recruitment, Armed groups, Children, Adolescents
Promoting restorative justice as de jure punishment: a vision for a different future
Authors: Gade Christian 
Published: September 2021

Promoting restorative justice as de jure punishment: a vision for a different future
Restorative justice has frequently been presented as a new criminal justice paradigm, and as something that is radically different from punishment. I will argue that this ‘oppositioning’ is problematic for two reasons: first, because some cases of restorative justice constitute de facto punishment from the perspectives of some positions on what punishment is; second, because restorative justice could reasonably be more widely adopted as a new form of de jure punishment, which could potentially increase the use of restorative justice for the benefit of victims, offenders and society at large. In connection with the latter, I want to present some preliminary thoughts on how restorative justice could be incorporated into future criminal justice systems as de jure punishment. Furthermore, I will suggest that by insisting that restorative justice is radically different from punishment, restorative justice advocates may - contrary to their intentions − play into the hands of those who want to preserve the status quo rather than developing future criminal justice systems in the direction of restorative justice.
Diagnostic Strategies for Endemic Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Kost Gerald J. 
Published: September 2021

Context.—
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rapid antigen tests generate intrinsically fast, inherently spatial, and immediately actionable results. They quickly confirm COVID-19, but weakly rule out infection. Test performance depends on prevalence and testing protocol. Both affect predictive values.

Objectives.—
To use original mathematics and visual logistics for interpreting COVID-19 rapid antigen test performance patterns, gauge the influence of prevalence, and evaluate repeated testing.

Design.—
Mathematica and open access software helped graph relationships, perform recursive computations, and compare performance patterns. PubMed retrieved articles addressing endemic COVID-19 were reviewed.

Results.—
Tiered sensitivity/specificity comprise the following: T1 (90%/95%), T2 (95%/97.5%), and T3 (100%/≥99%). Performance of self-tests and home antigen tests with US Food and Drug Administration Emergency Use Authorization peaks in low prevalence. Fall-off in performance appears with increasing prevalence because suboptimal sensitivity creates false negatives. The rate of false omissions limits clinical use because of prevalence boundaries based on tolerance for risk. Mathematical analysis supports testing twice to improve predictive values and extend prevalence boundaries nearly to levels of herd immunity.

Conclusions.—
COVID-19 is quickly becoming endemic. Suboptimal sensitivity of rapid antigen tests limits performance in high prevalence. Risk of contagion in packed spaces (eg, airplanes) might be avoided with dual testing 36 hours apart, allowing time for viral load to increase. Awareness of community prevalence and proof of improved performance with repeated testing will help manage COVID-19 risk, while meeting rapid decision-making needs for highly contagious and new variants (eg, Delta). New COVID-19 variants call for high-quality, low cost, readily accessible, fast, user friendly, and ubiquitous point-of-care testing.
RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA SOBRE VIOLÊNCIA OBSTÉTRICA EM UMA RODA DE CONVERSA
Authors: Santos Aline Passos , Quadros Carla de 
Published: September 2021

A Lei 11.340/2006, conhecida como Lei Maria da Penha cria mecanismos para coibir e prevenir a violência doméstica e familiar contra a mulher, com respaldo de organismos internacionais ,tendo em vista ,o descaso que a violência doméstica sempre foi tratada no Brasil. Desse modo, o presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar a experiência de uma roda de conversa sobre violência obstétrica que ocorreu na Semana Acadêmica da Faculdade de Ciências e Empreendedorismo, realizada em novembro de 2019, no Município de Santo Antônio de Jesus-BA. Abordou-se algumas questões pontuais sobre a violência contra a mulher, numa tentativa de aliar a teoria com a prática, de modo a repensar a aplicabilidade da Lei Maria da Penha para os casos de violência obstétrica. Trata-se de uma metodologia observacional a partir de uma roda de conversa. Enquanto, resultados, percebeu-se que as rodas de conversas possibilitam achados científicos, além de contribuir com o empoderamento feminino e partilhamento de experiências e (re)significação de comportamentos. A falta de informação aliada ao medo, vergonha de denunciar ou até mesmo a romantização do parto, contribui para o silenciamento de muitas mulheres vítimas da violência obstétrica. Por fim, entende-se pela possibilidade de aplicação da Lei Maria da Penha aos casos de violência obstétrica.
DIVISÃO SEXUAL TRABALHO, TRABALHO REPRODUTIVO E AS ASSIMETRIAS DE GÊNERO NA PANDEMIA DA COVID-19
Authors: Guimarães Sandra Suely Moreira Lurine , Daou Saada Zouhair 
Published: September 2021

RESUMO: O objetivo desse estudo é analisar, à luz de uma perspectiva feminista, como o trabalho reprodutivo tornou mais evidente a desigualdade de gênero, no contexto do distanciamento social exigido pela pandemia da COVID-19. Desta feita, utilizou-se de método dedutivo, recorrendo à pesquisa bibliográfica e às informações fornecidas por institutos de pesquisa e por matérias veiculadas relativas à pandemia. Nesse contexto, é imprescindível compreender os efeitos da sobrecarga de trabalho sobre as mulheres e conclui-se que a pandemia pode ser uma oportunidade séria de reflexão sobre a necessidade de profundas alterações nas estruturas sociais, que historicamente engendram e legitimam as desigualdades de gênero que afetam sobremaneira a vida das mulheres racializadas, como ficou claro no contexto pandêmico. O estudo também chama atenção para a modalidade de trabalho denominada home office, que foi adotada excepcionalmente por algumas mulheres, em razão da necessidade do isolamento, mas corre o sério risco de ser utilizado em larga escala pós-pandemia. Essa possibilidade é objeto de preocupação, posto que pode aprofundar a destruição de empregos formais e a precarização de direitos trabalhistas, além de já estar colocando as mães e mulheres responsáveis pelo trabalho reprodutivo em situação de maior vulnerabilidade.
Performance of recurrent neural networks with Monte Carlo dropout for predicting pharmacokinetic parameters from dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging data
Authors: Murase Kenya , Nakamoto Atsushi , Tomiyama Noriyuki 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPurposeTo quantitatively evaluate the performance of two types of recurrent neural networks (RNNs), long short‐term memory (LSTM) and gated recurrent units (GRU), using Monte Carlo dropout (MCD) to predict pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters from dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) data.MethodsDCE‐MRI data for simulation studies were synthesized using the extended Tofts model and a population‐averaged arterial input function (AIF). The ranges of PK parameters for training the RNNs were determined from data of patients with brain tumors. The effects of the number of training samples, number of hidden units, dropout rate (DR), and bolus arrival time delay and dispersion in AIF on the accuracy of the PK parameters were investigated, and the uncertainties for different DRs and peak signal‐to‐noise ratios (PSNRs) were quantified. For comparison, PK parameters were estimated using the nonlinear least‐squares method. In the clinical studies, the PK parameter and uncertainty images were generated by applying the trained RNNs to DCE‐MRI data.ResultsCompared with GRU, the computational cost for training the LSTM was significantly higher. The prediction accuracy of GRU decreased with decreasing numbers of training samples and hidden units, whereas the performance of LSTM remained stable. Despite an increased computational cost, MCD reduced the prediction error at low PSNR and improved the quality of PK parameter images. The simulation results recommended using a DR of 0.25–0.5 at low PSNR and ≤ 0.25 for other PSNRs. The clinical studies recommended using a DR of 0.25 and 0.5 for LSTM and GRU, respectively.ConclusionsMCD is effective in quantifying uncertainty in PK parameter prediction from DCE‐MRI data and improves their performance, particularly at low PSNR; however, at the expense of increased computational cost. This study helps deepen our understanding of RNNs with MCD and select suitable hyperparameters for creating an RNN architecture for DCE‐MRI studies.
A Poly‐prodrug Nanosphere for Modulating Janus‐faced Nature of Pyroptosis to Launch an Immune Offensive and Defensive Warfare Reigniting the Cancer‐immunity Cycle
Authors: Han Linlin , Zhang Meng‐Jie , Ye Mengjie , Zhang Shanshan , Hu Junfeng , Zhang Hengbo , Ran Fanpeng , Zhang Xiaoli , Sun Zhi‐Jun , Xu Zhigang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPyroptosis provides a novel perspective for the design of anti‐tumor strategies. However, when pyroptosis reaches a plateau, its negative role becomes “defense” signaling to evade immune surveillance. Herein, a triblock polymeric micelles TPT@PIO NPs are reported, including a hydrophobic block backbone poly (propylene sulfide) (PPS), a hydrophobic side chain disulfide bond‐bearing indomethacin (MABHD‐IND), a hydrophilic block poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (OEGMA), and an encapsulated hydrophobic drug topotecan (TPT) through hydrophobic forces, exhibit excellent stability and responsiveness to the oxidation‐reduction microenvironment. This dual treatment mode utilizes TPT to trigger the activation of the pyroptosis process and uses IND to eliminate the immune escape by inhibiting the COX‐2/PGE2 pathway, ultimately making the growth of tumors being inhibited via the synergy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Furthermore, the failure of the immunosuppressive network accelerates the infiltration of CD8+ T cells into the lungs and impedes the generation of tumor nodules. The changes in levels of cytokines caused by pyroptosis and the immune memory effect enhance the defense of transfer as well. In general, the ability of TPT@PIO NPs to regulate the Janus‐faced nature of pyroptosis acts as an indispensable role in suppressing tumor proliferation and metastasis.