bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation Studies of the Sodium Hydraulic Behavior to Design a Mockup for Eddy Current Flowmeter Testing
Authors: Delacroix Hubert , Navacchia Frédéric 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The Eddy current flowmeter sensor plays an important part in the instrumentation of the future sodium fast reactors, which will allow when located above the core to detect plugging (partial or total) of a subassembly and when located on the primary pump to measure core pressure drop and core flowrate. This article describes the predesign phase of a mockup for Eddy current flowmeter tests and qualifications under sodium conditions for the detection of a partial or full plugging of a fuel subassembly. These tests will be the first of their kind, as the Eddy current flowmeter had never been qualified at nominal conditions of a reactor core outlet (sodium temperature, velocity, and output flow).
Uncertainty in High-Pressure Stator Performance Measurement in an Annular Cascade at Engine-Representative Reynolds and Mach
Authors: Bhatnagar Lakshya , Paniagua Guillermo , Cuadrado David G. , Aye-Addo Papa Aye N. , Castillo Sauca Antonio , Lozano Francisco , Bloxham Matthew 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The betterment of turbine performance plays a prime role in all future transportation and energy production systems. Precise uncertainty quantification of experimental measurement of any performance differential is therefore essential for turbine development programs. In this paper, the uncertainty analysis of loss measurements in a high-pressure turbine vane is presented. Tests were performed on a stator geometry at engine representative conditions in a new annular turbine module called BRASTA (big rig for annular stationary turbine analysis) located within the Purdue Experimental Turbine Aerothermal Lab. The aerodynamic probes are described, with emphasis on their calibration and uncertainty analysis, first considering single point measurement, followed by the spatial averaging implications. The change of operating conditions and flow blockage due to measurement probes are analyzed using computational fluid dynamics, and corrections are recommended on the measurement data. The test section and its characterization are presented, including calibration of the sonic valve. The sonic valve calibration is necessary to ensure a wide range of operation in Mach and Reynolds. Finally, the vane data are discussed, emphasizing their systematic and stochastic uncertainty.
Turbulent Channel Flow With Spatially Dependent Viscosity: A Numerical Study
Authors: Leite Victor Coppo , Merzari Elia 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this study, we examine in detail the effect of spatially dependent viscosity on wall-bounded flow. For this purpose, direct numerical simulations (DNS) are performed considering a channel flow with a viscosity change along the streamwise direction. The DNS were performed using nek5000, a computational fluid dynamics code developed at Argonne National Laboratory. The channel is divided into three different regions: in the first one, the flow is at a constant Reynolds number of Re = 5000; in the second region, the Reynolds number is imposed to linearly increase as viscosity decreases through a ramp; and finally, in the third region, the flow is again at a constant Reynolds number, this time at Re = 10,000. Since the temperature field is not evaluated, the proposed setup is a simplification of a heated channel. Nevertheless, the outcomes of this study may be valuable for future works considering variable-viscosity effects, especially for cooling and heating applications. Four test cases with different ramp inclinations were analyzed. The results from this study were compared with a correlation available in the literature for the friction Reynolds number as a function of the Reynolds number. We observe that in all cases the ramp does not cause an immediate change in the characteristics of turbulent structures, and a delay is in fact observed in both wall shear and friction. Finally, in order to characterize and understand these effects, streaks from the viscous region and turbulence statistics for the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) budget terms are analyzed.
Asymptotic Suction/Injection Flow Induced by a Uniform Magnetohydrodynamics Free Stream Couple Stress Fluid Over a Flat Plate
Authors: Turkyilmazoglu Mustafa 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A theoretical study on the asymptotic suction/injection magnetohydrodynamic flow as a result of a uniform freestream couple stress fluid flowing over a flat surface is undertaken in the current study. It is targeted to obtain exact flow and temperature solutions representing the permeable couple stress fluid flow. Analytical expressions are extracted to derive interesting engineering tools such as momentum layer thickness, thermal layer thickness, wall shear stress, and heat transfer rate. The physical parameters leading to the existence of wall suction/injection solutions are determined with their thresholds. Momentum and thermal layer analysis from the present results clearly reveal how they are influenced by the presence of electrically conducting couple stress fluid. Further flow studies of similar kind will certainly benefit from the presented formulae.
Comparison of Effects of Radiofrequency Ablation of Liver Cancer Guided by CT Images Based on Deep Learning Algorithm
Authors: Huang Kai , Zhang Tongqing , He Zhiliang , Wang Fengxia 
Published: September 2021

Objective. To investigate the paper radiofrequency ablation (RFA) CT-guided feasibility of hepatocellular carcinoma (primary liver cancer) treatment, safety, and clinical efficacy of the use of deep learning algorithms. Method. A total of 47 cases of primary liver cancer patients were included: 21 cases of CT-guided liver lesions in line with RFA (C-CT group) and, in the same period, 26 cases of spiral CT-guided liver lesions in line with RFA (S-CT group). Two groups of patients were recorded immediately after the total operation time and ablation time, the acceptable radiation dose was observed in the incidence of postoperative complications of 7d, and the postoperative hospital stay was recorded to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment of lesions in 1, 3, and 6 months after RFA. Results. All 47 patients were successful; two technical success rates were 100%. There was a significant difference (

P

< 0.05) in the total operation time groups, ablation time, and acceptable radiation dose. And there was no significant difference (

P

< 0.05) in postoperative complications of 7d groups, postoperative hospital stay, and local disease control. There was a significant difference (

P

< 0.05) in the S-CT group, seven ablation residual or recurrent lesions during the follow-up ratio of 26.9%, and C-CT groups compared with only 14.3%. Conclusion. CT-guided RFA treatment of primary liver cancer patients is safe, effective, and superior to the conventional spiral CT-guided ablation lesion site-specific terms.
“O autor como produtor” na era da “estetização da política”
Authors: Figueiredo Clara F. 
Published: September 2021

Trechos da correspondência de Walter Benjamin registram que a publicação de “A obra de arte na era de sua reprodutibilidade técnica” na Rússia apresentava-se, para ele, como uma tarefa de primeira ordem. Em abril de 1936, Benjamin confessou a Kitty Marx- Stenchnerider suas expectativas e pessimismo frente a desejada publicação: “A avaliar por essas reações, quase teria razões para concluir que o trabalho terá a menor repercussão no lugar que deveria ser naturalmente o seu, na Rússia”. Quais seriam as motivações da expectativa benjaminiana? Porque a Rússia seria o destino ou o lugar “natural” de “A Obra de Arte...”? Como explicar seu pessimismo? O presente artigo discute o caráter político e militante do ensaio em questão, bem como sua articulação com o debate russo, na contracorrente da estetização da política stalinista e em direção “à formulação de exigências revolucionárias” da arte.
Effect of Ultraviolet Irradiation on 4H-SiC PiN Diodes Characteristics
Authors: Xu Xingliang , Zhang Lin , Dong Peng , Li Zhiqiang , Li Lianghui , Li Juntao , Zhang Jian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the effect of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on the static characteristics of high voltage 4H-SiC PiN is investigated. No significant change is observed in the forward on state characteristic of 4H-SiC PiN diodes before and after ultraviolet light irradiation. However, it is found that the blocking voltage is significantly increased with UV irradiation, which is resulted from the depletion region width extension with the collection of positive charges under the increase of the surface negative charge density. The deep level transient spectroscopy reveals that the UV irradiation induced deep-level defects play a dominant role over the trapped negative charges, and therefore leads to the increase of blocking voltage of 4H-SiC PiN Diodes.
CellProfiler 4: improvements in speed, utility and usability
Authors: Stirling David R. , Swain-Bowden Madison J. , Lucas Alice M. , Carpenter Anne E. , Cimini Beth A. , Goodman Allen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Imaging data contains a substantial amount of information which can be difficult to evaluate by eye. With the expansion of high throughput microscopy methodologies producing increasingly large datasets, automated and objective analysis of the resulting images is essential to effectively extract biological information from this data. CellProfiler is a free, open source image analysis program which enables researchers to generate modular pipelines with which to process microscopy images into interpretable measurements.

Results
Herein we describe CellProfiler 4, a new version of this software with expanded functionality. Based on user feedback, we have made several user interface refinements to improve the usability of the software. We introduced new modules to expand the capabilities of the software. We also evaluated performance and made targeted optimizations to reduce the time and cost associated with running common large-scale analysis pipelines.

Conclusions
CellProfiler 4 provides significantly improved performance in complex workflows compared to previous versions. This release will ensure that researchers will have continued access to CellProfiler’s powerful computational tools in the coming years.
SWnet: a deep learning model for drug response prediction from cancer genomic signatures and compound chemical structures
Authors: Zuo Zhaorui , Wang Penglei , Chen Xiaowei , Tian Li , Ge Hui , Qian Dahong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundOne of the major challenges in precision medicine is accurate prediction of individual patient’s response to drugs. A great number of computational methods have been developed to predict compounds activity using genomic profiles or chemical structures, but more exploration is yet to be done to combine genetic mutation, gene expression, and cheminformatics in one machine learning model.ResultsWe presented here a novel deep-learning model that integrates gene expression, genetic mutation, and chemical structure of compounds in a multi-task convolutional architecture. We applied our model to the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) datasets. We selected relevant cancer-related genes based on oncology genetics database and L1000 landmark genes, and used their expression and mutations as genomic features in model training. We obtain the cheminformatics features for compounds from PubChem or ChEMBL. Our finding is that combining gene expression, genetic mutation, and cheminformatics features greatly enhances the predictive performance.ConclusionWe implemented an extended Graph Neural Network for molecular graphs and Convolutional Neural Network for gene features. With the employment of multi-tasking and self-attention functions to monitor the similarity between compounds, our model outperforms recently published methods using the same training and testing datasets.
Prevalence and risk factors of human brucellosis and malaria among patients with fever in malaria-endemic areas, attending health institutes in Awra and Gulina district, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Mehari Sintayehu , Zerfu Biruk , Desta Kassu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Brucellosis is an important neglected bacterial zoonotic disease that has been affecting animals and humans for decades. Malaria has been considered major cause of illness in tropical areas, including Ethiopia. This study aimed to identify prevalence and risk factors of human brucellosis and malaria among patients with fever in malaria-endemic areas attending health institutes in Awra and Gulina district, Afar Region, Ethiopia.

Methods
A purposive cross-sectional study was conducted among febrile patients who attended health institutes in Awra and Gulina district of Afar region from February to May 2019. 3–5 ml blood samples were collected, thick and thin blood films were prepared and examined for malaria; serum was separated and tested for anti-Brucella using Rose Bengal Plate Test, and the seropositives were subjected to ELISA. Data were entered using EpiData3.1 and analyses were performed using Stata SE 14.

Results
A total of 444 febrile individuals (59.5% female) of age ranging from 2 to 83 years (mean = 26.1, SD =  ± 11.8) were participated in this study. The overall seroprevalence of brucellosis was 31.5% (95% CI; 27.4–36.0%) by RBPT and 15.8% (95% CI; 12.7–19.7%) by ELISA, as well as the prevalence of malaria (P. falciparum) was 4.3% (95% CI; 2.7–6.6%) among febrile patients. Malaria was more common in males (7.2% 95% CI; 4.2–12.1%) than in female (2.3% 95% CI; 1.0–5.0%, p = 0.01) and in non-married than in married (7.6% 95% CI; 4.1–13.6% vs. 2.9% 95% CI; 1.5–5.4%, p = 0.02). Being male (AOR = 2.41, 95%CI: 1.36–4.26, p < 0.002), drinking raw milk (AOR = 26.68, 95%CI: 3.22- 221.13, p = 0.002) and boiled milk (AOR = 17.52, 95%CI: 2.06—149.04, p = 0.009) and touching aborted fetus/discharges without protective (AOR = 2.56, 95%CI: 1.01–6.528.50, p = 0.048) were independently associated with brucellosis among febrile patients.

Conclusion
The prevalence of brucellosis in fever patients in this study area is higher than malaria. Consumption of raw milk and contact with animal discharge can cause significant risk of Brucella infection. So, brucellosis disease must be sought in the differential diagnosis, like ELISA test that can be used to differentiate from other febrile diseases like malaria.
Prevalence and associated factors of premature discontinuation of antiplatelet therapy after ischemic stroke: a nationwide population-based study
Authors: Kim Seung Jae , Kwon Oh Deog , Choi Ho Chun , Lee Eung-Joon , Cho BeLong , Yoon Dae Hyun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
We tried to evaluate the prevalence of premature discontinuation of antiplatelets and its affecting factors after ischemic stroke using large-sized representative national claims data.

Methods
Patients aged 20 years or older with newly confirmed ischemic stroke who started aspirin or clopidogrel for the first time were selected from 2003 to 2010 National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC) of South Korea (n = 4621), a randomly collected sample which accounts for 2.2% (n = 1,017,468) of total population (n = 46,605,433). The prevalence of discontinuation of antiplatelets was measured every 6 months until the 24 months since the first prescription. Then we classified the participants into 2 groups according to the discontinuation status at 12 months and assessed the factors influencing premature discontinuation of antiplatelets within 12 months.

Results
Among total participants, 35.5% (n = 1640) discontinued antiplatelets within 12 months and 58.5% (n = 2704) discontinued them within 24 months. The remaining 41.5% (n = 1917) continued them for 24 months or more. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, initiating treatment with aspirin monotherapy [adjusted OR (aOR), 2.66, 95% CI 2.17–3.25] was the most prominent determinant of premature discontinuation within 12 months followed by CCI score ≥ 6 (aOR 1.50, 95% CI 1.31–1.98), and beginning treatment with clopidogrel monotherapy (aOR 1.41, 95% CI 1.15–1.72). Rural residency (aOR 1.36, 95% CI 1.14–1.62), < 4 total prescribed drugs (aOR 1.24, 95% CI 1.05–1.47), lower income (aOR 1.20, 95% CI 1.03–1.40 for middle income class and OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.02–1.45 for low income class), and ages ≥70 years (aOR 1.15, 95% CI 1.00–1.31) were also significantly associated with premature discontinuation of antiplatelets within 12 months.

Conclusions
The prevalence of premature discontinuation of antiplatelets after ischemic stroke was quite high. Thus, by understanding factors associated with premature discontinuation, a more strategic approach is required for the physicians to improve persistence with antiplatelets.
Longitudinal measurement invariance in urbanization index of Chinese communities across 2000 and 2015: a Bayesian approximate measurement invariance approach
Authors: Fong Ted C. T. , Ho Rainbow T. H. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
The Urbanicity Scale was developed based on the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) to measure the urbanization index of communities according to 12 components. The present study was designed to systematically investigate the factorial validity, reliability, and longitudinal measurement invariance (LMI) of the Urbanicity Scale.

Methods
Six waves of CHNS data from 2000 to 2015 were adopted. The factor structure and reliability of the Urbanicity Scale for 301 communities were examined using Bayesian exploratory factor analysis. Metric and scalar LMIs were evaluated using both the conventional exact and a novel approximate LMI approach via Bayesian structural equation modeling across various timeframes.

Results
The findings verified the one-factor structure for the Urbanicity Scale, with adequate reliability. LMI was established for the Urbanicity Scale only over a shorter timeframe from 2006 to 2009 but not over a longer timeframe from 2000 to 2015. Partial LMI was found in the factor loadings and item intercepts for the Urbanicity Scale over the 2004 to 2011 period.

Conclusion
Interpretation of the temporal change in urbanicity was supported only for a shorter (2006 to 2009) but not a longer timeframe (2000 to 2015). Adjustments addressing the partial non-invariance of the measurement parameters are needed for the analysis of temporal changes in urbanicity between 2004 and 2011.
Hepatitis e prevalence, knowledge, and practice of preventive measures among secondary school adolescents in rural Nigeria: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mbachu Chioma Ngozichukwu Pauline , Ebenebe Joy Chinelo , Okpara Henry Chima , Chukwuka John Onuora , Mbachu Ikechukwu Innocent , Elo-Ilo Jacinta Chinyere , Ndukwu Chizalu Ifeyinwa , Egbuonu Ifeoma 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, there is a paucity of data on the knowledge and practice of preventive measures for Hepatitis E infection in Nigerian populations. This study provided data on the prevalence, knowledge and practices of prevention in an adolescent population from Nigeria.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted over 3 months among rural Nigerian secondary school adolescents. An interviewer-based questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographic profile, knowledge, and practice of preventive measures for Hepatitis E infection. Blood samples collected from participants were analysed for Hepatitis E IgG using Elisa Kits (Sigma Diagnostics, USA). Data were analysed using SPSS software version 20.0. Tests of association were done with a level of significance set at 5%.ResultsA total of 9 out of the 414 participants tested positive for Hepatitis E IgG antibodies giving a prevalence of 2.2%. Significant factors for Hepatitis E infection were male gender {P = 0.004} and school {P < 0.001, however logistic regression gave infinite value. Most participants (98.6%) had poor knowledge of Hepatitis E infection, 239(57.7%) had good preventive practices, while 175(42.3%) had average preventive practices.ConclusionA low prevalence of HEV infection was recorded among study participants. There was poor knowledge of Hepatitis E, and association could not be established between HEV infection and individual preventive practices.
The secret life of young adolescents living with HIV in northern Mozambique - a mixed methods study
Authors: Falcão Joana , Zerbe Allison , Mellins Claude Ann , Mantell Joanne , Brittain Kirsty , Kapogiannis Bill , de Gusmao Eduarda Pimentel , Simione Teresa Beatriz , Abrams Elaine J. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
In Mozambique, HIV infection remains a leading cause of adolescent mortality. With advances in antiretroviral treatment (ART), the population of adolescents living with vertically-acquired HIV is growing. Most studies of adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) focus on older youth with horizontal infection. As part of a larger study, we examined the characteristics and health care needs of younger ALHIV, including those with vertically-acquired infection to inform preventive interventions.

Methods
We used a convergent mixed-methods design and recruited ALHIV aged 12–14 years who were enrolled in HIV care in three health clinics in Nampula, Mozambique. From 11/2019–3/2020, we conducted 61 quantitative surveys and 14 in-depth interviews with a purposively selected subset of ALHIV who were aware of their HIV status. Descriptive statistical analysis was conducted for quantitative data. Qualitative data were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results
The median age of ALHIV was 13 years, 50% were female, 67% lived with ≥1 parent, 70% had lost a parent, 100% were in school; 10% were in a relationship, and 3% had initiated sexual activity. Among 31 ALHIV aware of their serostatus, the median age of antiretroviral treatment (ART) initiation was 8 years (IQR: 6–11); 55% received caregiver support for ART management; 35% reported missing ≥1 ART dose in the last 30 days; 6% had disclosed their HIV-status to friends and 48% reported no one to talk to about HIV-specific issues. Four main themes emerged from the qualitative interviews with ALHIV: a) learning one’s HIV-positive status as the beginning of a secret life; b) importance of caregivers’ support for ART management; c) high value of ALHIV peer support to overcome isolation, increase HIV literacy, and support adherence; and d) unmet needs for sexual and reproductive health education.

Conclusion
HIV-related secrecy prevails among ALHIV, a situation exacerbated by caregivers and healthcare providers. Caregivers play a major role in supporting adherence among young ALHIV, yet ALHIV could also benefit from adolescent-friendly services, including peer support, sexual and reproductive health services and preparation for independent health management. Integrating such programs into ART services in Mozambique may be critical to promoting ALHIV health.