bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contemporary view about the pathogenesis of Hantavirus nephropathy (Literature rewiew)
Authors: Salukhov V. V. , Kovalenko A. N. , Rudakov Yu. V. , Shelukhin V. A. , Nagibovich O. A. , Kan E. A. 
Published: July 2021

Hantavirus nephropathy (CVI) is considered to be acute kidney injury (AKI) associated with hantavirus infection (CVI). This infection in the countries of the European and Asian continents causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). However, up to 60% of kidney damage is manifested by pathological changes in urinary sediment without signs of AKI, in connection with which the problems of terminology and diagnosis of kidney damage in HFRS were discussed. A review of the world literature of recent years, devoted to the study of modern data on the pathogenesis of CVI, is presented. The data were revealed that explain the organ specificity of the pathological process in different variants of CVI. The data were revealed that explain the organ specificity of the pathological process in different variants of CVI. The mechanisms related to various aspects of the pathogenesis of hantavirus nephropathy are considered. The factors that alter the functional activity of target cells through the direct action of the virus and the factors mediated by the immune response of the biological host to viral proteins in the form of the action of cytokines ("cytokine storm") causing damage to target organs (indirect factors) are listed. The influence of the hantavirus serotype, genetic factors, and the nature of the immune response of the biological host organism on the severity of renal dysfunction was shown. The concept of "acute damage to podocytes" is disclosed, which explains massive protein uria at the onset of the disease. The molecular and cellular mechanisms of damage to the main compartments of the kidney during hantavirus infection are presented. Disorders of hemostasis and mechanisms of hypercoagulation were demonstrated that underlie glomerular AKI due to acute microvascular syndrome, which is realized in the form of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), and thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). The results of experimental data obtained on a laboratory model of infection and in cell culture, histological studies of autopsy material, and nephrobiopsy specimens from patients with hantavirus nephropathy are demonstrated.
Extracorporal hemocorrection methods for COVID-19: are there outlooks?
Authors: Rumyantsev A. Sh. , Khasun M. Kh. , Panina I. Yu. , Korosteleva N. Yu. , Shurakova V. A. , Zemchenkov G. A. 
Published: July 2021

Viral epidemics of various scales have ceased to be something extraordinary. However, it is unlikely that the COVID-19 epidemic can be compared to any other, except the Spanish flu epidemic of 1918-1919. The review discusses the pathogenesis of the "cytokine storm" and possible extracorporeal methods of its correction. Following the "Third International Consensus on the definition of sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3)", sepsis is recommended to be understood as "life-threatening acute organ dysfunction resulting from a violation of the regulation of the response of the macroorganism to infection". Severe COVID-19 is practically a variant of viral sepsis. However, the disease is not coded as sepsis and is not treated as sepsis. Great hopes are pinned on vaccination, which, presumably, should significantly reduce the likelihood of adverse outcomes. However, while the epidemiological situation is far from ideal, there are no "golden" standards of drug therapy. Therefore, do not forget about direct methods of removing proinflammatory cytokines. Among them, hemofiltration, combined hemocorrection, plasma exchange, combined plasma filtration, and adsorption are discussed. We were not able to identify the ideal method. This is probably due to the difficulties of performing randomized clinical trials among patients with severe COVID-19. The reasons are also discussed in the review.
O EU DOCENTE: UM SISTEMA INTELECTUAL PARA ALÉM DAS INSTITUIÇÕES
Authors: Guedes de Oliveira Sabrina 
Published: July 2021

Este artigo tem o objetivo de analisar a constituição docente enquanto arcabouço intelectual, teórico-prático, que se constrói ao ongo da sua formação profissional além do sistema instituinte e institucionalizado, formal e sistemático. Temos a pretensão de ualificar o professorado como sendo, ele próprio, um sistema que é capaz de produzir o seu conhecimento, racional e empírico, ornando-se pressuposto teórico e categoria cognoscente. Um desafio a ser superado na concepção de formação docente da tualidade e que precisa ser considerado pelas instituições públicas e privadas de ensino, local de empregabilidade da maioria desse orpo profissional. Como problema para esta pesquisa, colocamos a seguinte proposição: Por que o saber profissional, constituído a prática docente, muitas das vezes, não é considerado conhecimento teórico válido? Para responder a esta questão, colocamos lgumas hipóteses: o saber docente construído no espaço profissional não é validado pelas instituições educacionais; a prática rofissional docente, em sua grande maioria, não se constitui como saber necessário à produção de conhecimento. Para este artigo, nos utilizamos da Pesquisa Bibliográfica, trazendo para esta discussão, como referencial teórico, nomes importantes como Mikhail akhtin, Paulo Freire, Antônio Nóvoa, dentre outros. A partir das pesquisas dos autores mencionados, provocaremos uma discussão e ma reflexão sobre a própria constituição docente que temos atualmente.
Dette, développement et dépendance – Prévenir les risques liés à la dette souveraine dans les économies émergentes
Authors: Magnusson Carl Magnus 
Published: July 2021

La dette souveraine des marchés émergents n'a cessé d'augmenter depuis plusieurs décennies. Leurs émissions annuelles ont plus que doublé depuis 2000, atteignant 2 500 Md$ à la fin de 2019. Cette hausse s'est par ailleurs intensifiée dans le sillage de la pandémie de Covid-19 face à laquelle les gouvernements des marchés émergents ont eu recours à de nouvelles émissions de dette et emprunté des montants considérables. Outre les emprunts sur le marché intérieur, au cours des six premiers mois de 2020, les gouvernements des marchés émergents ont emprunté un total de 124 Md$ en devises fortes. Certains ont qualifié ce phénomène de « pandémie de la dette ». De nouvelles hausses sont encore à prévoir, car les gouvernements s'efforcent de soutenir les entreprises qui luttent pour survivre face au choc prolongé de la demande provoqué par les mesures de distanciation sociale et de confinement mises en œuvre par les gouvernements, afin de tenter de limiter la propagation du virus ainsi que par l'« autoconfinement » que certains s'imposent afin de réduire leurs interactions sociales.	Classification JEL : E44, F21, F30, F34, F40, G00, G10, G15, G30.
La restructuration des dettes souveraines : savoir naviguer en des eaux agitées
Authors: Cailleteau Pierre , Lambert Thomas 
Published: July 2021

Avec la pandémie de Covid-19, les dettes publiques vont atteindre des niveaux sans précédent dans le monde, et de nombreux pays éprouvent déjà des difficultés à faire face à leurs échéances. L'avenir de nos sociétés dépendra de la capacité des gouvernements à supporter de tels niveaux d'endettement ou, le cas échéant, à penser les stratégies appropriées pour les réduire. Les États sont en réalité inégaux devant de la dette, certains d'entre eux pouvant parfaitement supporter une dette pesant près de deux fois le PIB lorsque d'autres sont acculés au défaut avec des ratios d'endettement nettement moindres. L'action des banques centrales joue un très grand rôle pour expliquer ce phénomène. Pour mesurer les risques de crise de la dette, d'autres indicateurs sont donc plus pertinents qu'une simple mesure du stock rapporté au PIB. La capacité à refinancer la dette et le poids de la charge d'intérêt dans le budget sont des indicateurs clés. Lorsqu'une restructuration de la dette devient inéluctable, les pays en développement sont confrontés à un paysage nouveau dans lequel les acteurs traditionnels – comme le Club de Paris – ne jouent plus le premier rôle. Il convient donc de réfléchir à des initiatives permettant de recréer un cadre international efficace favorisant des processus de restructuration ordonnés.	Classification JEL : E44, F02, F30, F34, F40, G00, G10, G15, G30.
Entre bienfaisance et pollution. Les ambassadeurs d’ONG dans l’espace public
Authors: Véroone Baptiste 
Published: July 2021

Cet article traite des dispositions et des techniques que les ambassadeurs d’ONG présents dans les espaces publics urbains utilisent pour déjouer, par anticipation, les réactions et affects négatifs qu’ils peuvent générer. À partir d’expériences vécues et d’une enquête ethnographique, l’auteur analyse cette figure d’« indésirable », ambivalente du fait de sa fonction bienfaitrice. À travers des formations qui préparent l’entrée sur le terrain de ces salariés, ces derniers en viennent à développer certaines dispositions socioprofessionnelles, ainsi que des règles de conduites ajustées à leur statut d’indésirable tout autant qu’à leur objectif de récolte monétaire. Grâce à elles, ils apprennent, de manière subtile, à surmonter le sentiment de constituer une « pollution urbaine » et à susciter la sympathie des passants à leur égard. Un préalable nécessaire pour tenir bon et parvenir à recruter des donateurs.
French multinationals and Spanish human capital, c. 1950s-1990s
Authors: Sánchez Esther M. , Castro Rafael 
Published: July 2021

La France contribua intensément au miracle économique espagnol dès la fin des années 1950, non seulement par le biais des investissements directs et des exportations, mais aussi par le transfert de connaissances et de compétences. L’objectif de cet article est d’explorer l’influence des multinationales françaises sur la mise en valeur du capital humain espagnol, des ouvriers et techniciens spécialisés dans les chaînes de montage aux ingénieurs, en passant par les cadres et les managers. Grâce à une grande variété de sources, nous nous concentrerons sur trois secteurs importants qui eurent des retombées significatives : le nucléaire, l’industrie de la défense et la construction automobile représentée par la filiale de Renault. Ces études de cas nous permettront de mieux comprendre les processus d’internationalisation et d’internalisation des économies d’origine et d’accueil.
Entre le narcissisme freudien et l’anatman bouddhiste : la notion d’identité chez Jung
Authors: Martin-Vallas François 
Published: July 2021

Partant de la question que le jeune Carl Gustav se posait sur “sa” pierre, « Suis-je celui qui est assis sur la pierre, ou suis-je la pierre sur laquelle il est assis ? », l’auteur tente de montrer que la notion d’identité se fonde, pour Jung, sur une indétermination choisie. Il en ressort une position éthique autant que méthodologique qui différencie sa démarche tant de la démarche freudienne que de celles des pensées orientales du bouddhisme et de l’hindouisme, tout en ayant de nombreux point commun avec elles. Il s’appuie sur les notions d’émergence et d’énaction (Varela) qu’il développe, arguant que la notion d’archétype, particulièrement du soi, mérite d’être réévaluée au regard de ce nouveau paradigme scientifique.
Superviser loin de chez soi
Authors: Abramovitch Henry , Wiener Jan , Claudotte-Bérard Célia , Raguet Christian 
Published: July 2021

Cet article explore certains défis dans la supervision du travail clinique des étudiants, appelés « routers », qui vivent dans des pays avec des traditions culturelles, sociales et politiques diverses, par des analystes qui voyagent pour aller les superviser. Il se présente sous la forme d’un dialogue interactif entre les deux auteurs, qui explorent ensemble les effets de leur propre culture d’origine et, en particulier, l’héritage et les valeurs de leurs propres instituts de formation portant sur les styles et les modèles de supervision analytique. Leur dialogue s’articule autour du sens du chez-soi et des expériences de mal du pays chez les analystes qui travaillent loin de chez eux dans un champ interactif d’étrangetés dans les pays où la psychologie analytique est une discipline relativement nouvelle. Les auteurs exposent leurs propres constatations qualitatives tandis que d’autres superviseurs travaillant à l’étranger et ceux qu’ils ont supervisés décrivent leurs expériences et leurs rencontres avec la différence. Le dialogue se termine avec la discussion entre les deux auteurs sur ce qu’ils ont appris sur l’enseignement et la supervision à l’étranger, les implications liées à une utilisation plus souple des concepts jungiens et la façon dont ces visites ont changé leur pratique clinique dans leurs pays d’origine.
Réflexions sur la Violence Religieuse et Ethnique : hindous et musulmans en Inde
Authors: Kakar Sudhir , Gaumond Marcel 
Published: July 2021

Nous sommes, à l’époque actuelle, témoins d’une vague de violence entre groupes religieux : sunnites et chiites dans une grande partie du Moyen-Orient, bouddhistes et musulmans au Myanmar et au Sri Lanka, chrétiens et musulmans dans certaines régions d’Afrique, hindous et musulmans en Inde. Préoccupés par les aspects économiques et politiques de ces violents conflits, nous avons tendance à ignorer les racines psychologiques de la violence entre ces groupes, ainsi que l’expérience vécue par les hommes, les femmes et les enfants impliqués dans ces conflits. Prenant l’exemple du conflit Hindou-Musulman en Inde, cet article tente de combler ces lacunes.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding COVID-19 among COVID-19 patients and their correlation with the outcomes
Authors: Nehara Hardeva Ram , Khanna Kritika , Chhimpa Atma Ram , Agrawal Sahaj , Arakeri Avadusidda , Sirohi Pramendra 
Published: July 2021

Objective:
To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding COVID-19 among COVID-19 patients and their relation with the outcomes.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was carried out among COVID-19 patients (18-year-old or older) consecutively admitted to a dedicated COVID-19 hospital located in northwest Rajasthan, India. Data regarding socio-demographic parameters, KAP, and primary composite outcome (admission to intensive care unit, mechanical ventilation, or in-hospital death) were collected. KAP scores were compared between different demographic variables and primary composite outcomes. Association between different demographic variables, primary composite outcomes, and KAP scores were determined through multivariate linear regression. Besides, the correlation among KAP scores was analyzed.

Results:
Out of the total 222 patients, most of them (65.76%) had average KAP scores towards COVID-19. The mean scores for knowledge were 7.88, with an overall correct rate of 71.63%; the mean attitude scores were 2.42, with an overall correct rate of 60.50%; the mean practice scores were 5.12, with an overall correct rate of 64.00%. Patients who met the primary composite outcomes had higher knowledge scores, but lower attitude and practice scores. The result showed a significant positive correlation between the level of education, socioeconomic class, and knowledge, attitude, and practice towards COVID-19. Knowledge towards COVID-19 was significantly associated with a positive attitude and good practice.

Conclusions:
Our findings show that adult COVID-19 patients have average KAP towards COVID-19 among COVID-19 patients. Poor attitude and practice towards COVID-19 are associated with adverse outcomes, so it is suggested to strengthen attitude and practice towards COVID-19 to improve the outcomes.
Attitude, Practices and Experience of Dental Professionals During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Prajapati Aalap Sureshkumar , Kulkarni Poonam Rahul , Shah Harsh G , Shah Dhaval Bharat , Sodani Vasudha , Doshi Paras 
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a declared public health emergency of international concern. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) classified health-care professionals and exposure risk to coronavirus (COVID-19), identifying dental professionals in the very high-risk group due to the specificity of dental procedures and instrumentations used. Guidelines from relevant authorities suggested providing only emergency and urgent dental treatment during the pandemic which has led majority of dental practice to stop, thus instilling anxiety in the dental professionals. A study to assess the attitude, practice and experience of dental professionals from Gujarat state during the COVID-19 pandemic was planned.

Materials and Methods:
An online questionnaire consisting of 32 questions using Google Form was distributed to 315 dental professionals. Data obtained were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 22.0. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to describe variables. Chi-square test was used to find a significant association between parameters, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
Overall, 194 dental professionals (104 general dentists and 90 specialists) filled the questionnaire. Nearly half of the participants (49.5%) said that personal protective equipment (PPE) is uncomfortable while performing dental procedures. The majority of them (86.6%) insisted on increasing the cost of dental treatments. Regarding new practices adapted during the pandemic, 53 dental professionals (27.3%) did not find teledentistry effective in resolving the patient's problem. Only 75 dental professionals (38.7%) followed all the screening criteria for patients. Fifty-nine participants (30.4%) got the COVID-19 test for patients requiring the aerosol-generating procedure. While 125 participants (64.4%) performed aerosol-generating procedures either in urgent/emergency cases or elective cases, only 115 (59.3%) used full PPE with an appropriate mask. One hundred and thirty-seven (70.6%) of them reported a decrease in income during the pandemic, while 74 (38.1%) suffered from anxiety and depression.

Conclusion:
Dental health-care providers are at the highest risk of contracting COVID-19. Thus, they should execute proposed precautionary measures more diligently. Regular training and screening of dental professionals should be undertaken by state regulatory bodies. Adapting and adhering to change in work protocols by dental professionals will ensure not only their safety but also their patients. The emergence of COVID-19 has been great learning for the field of dentistry, and the dental practice is going to change for the better.
Post-COVID-19 functional status
Authors: Mohamed Hussein Aliae AR , Saad Mahmoud , Zayan Hossam E , Abdelsayed Mustafa , Moustafa Mohamed , Ezzat Abdel Rahman , Helmy Radwa , Abd-Elaal Howaida , Aly Karim , Abdelrheem Shaimaa , Sayed Islam 
Published: July 2021

RATIONAL:
Recently, a new “Post-COVID-19 Functional Status (PCFS) scale” is recommended in the current COVID-19 pandemic. It is proposed that it could be used to display direct retrieval and the functional sequelae of COVID-19.

AIM OF THE STUDY:
The aim of the study was to assess the PCFS and to evaluate if age, gender, smoking, hospitalization, and comorbidities have any effect on functional limitations in recovered COVID-19 patients.

METHODS:
A total of 444 registered confirmed COVID-19 patients were included. They were interviewed in our follow-up clinics and filled an Arabic translated PCFS scale as well as their demographic and clinical data.

RESULTS:
Eighty percent of COVID-19 recovered cases have diverse degrees of functional restrictions ranging from negligible (63.1%), slight (14.4%), moderate (2%), to severe (0.5%) based on PCFS. Furthermore, there was a substantial variance between the score of PCFS with age (P = 0.003), gender (P = 0.014), the duration since the onset of the symptoms of COVID-19 (P < 0.001), need for oxygen supplementation (P < 0.001), need for intensive care unit (ICU) admittance (P = 0.003), previous periodic influenza vaccination (P < 0.001), smoking status (P < 0.001), and finally, the presence of any comorbid disorder (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Most of the COVID-19 recovered cases have diverse degrees of functional restrictions ranging from negligible to severe based on PCFS. These restrictions were affected by age, gender, periodic influenza vaccination, smoking, duration since symptoms onset, need for oxygen or ICU admittance, and finally the presence of coexisting comorbidity.
Clinical utility of 18fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography in rheumatology
Authors: Kommireddy Sirisha , Mantri Ranadheer , Reddy Sabella Aparna , Ravisankar D. , Kalawat Tekchand 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Several studies with 18fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography (18FDG PET-CT) have indicated that 18fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in affected tissues reflects the disease activity. In addition, the usage of PET-CT for early detection, extent and monitoring of the treatment response has been reported.

Methods:
In this retrospective study, all 18FDG PET-CTs requested by rheumatologists were reviewed retrospectively. The clinical findings and scan findings were noted. Considering the final diagnosis made by the clinician as “gold standard”, he sensitivity, specificity and positive were calculated.

Results:
Out of 48, 18FDG PET-CT requests, two were excluded (39 females, mean age – 39.22 ± 15.349). The indications included establishing diagnosis (n = 31 [67.4%]) and disease activity/extent (n = 15 [32.6%]). It contributed to the diagnosis in 9 (31%), when 18F FDG PETCT is used for establishing the diagnosis. It identified abnormalities in 14/15 when used for disease activity and active disease was identified in 10. Seventeen patients had a final diagnosis of fibromyalgia. Overall, 18FDG PET-CT had 100 sensitivity and NPV. The diagnostic accuracy was 56.52%.

Conclusions:
The 18FDG PET-CT has high diagnostic sensitivity and poor specificity in rheumatology practice with respect to establishing the diagnosis as well as to detect the extent and activity of disease.
Comparison of Airtraq™ Versus C-MAC® Videolaryngoscope for Tracheal Intubation in Children with Normal Airways
Authors: Agrawal Barkha , Dave Nandini , Dias Raylene , Kulkarni Ketan , Shah Harick 
Published: July 2021

Background and Aims:
When compared with direct laryngoscopes, videolaryngoscopes can provide a significantly better view of the larynx. There are no studies in children directly comparing Airtraq™ and C-MAC® videolaryngoscopes. We aimed to compare intubating characteristics between these two devices in pediatric patients. The primary outcome measure was the time needed for successful intubation and secondary outcome measures were the number of attempts to intubate, ease of intubation, percentage of glottic opening (POGO) score, optimization maneuvers and complications such as airway trauma and esophageal intubation.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred and twelve children aged 1–12 years undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia are quiring tracheal intubation were enrolled. Children were randomized into two groups using computer generated randomization sequence. The t-test was used for analyzing quantitative data, nonparametric data were analyzed using Mann–Whitney test, and categorical data were analyzed using the Chi-square test.

Results:
Time to tracheal intubation was significantly longer with Airtraq™ (41.0 s) compared to C-MAC® (23.4 s); P < 0.001. The number of attempts at tracheal intubation was more with Airtraq™ (P = 0.008). Seventy-five percent of anesthesiologists found C-MAC® easy to use. POGO score was >90% in both groups without maneuvers.

Conclusion:
The study found that in pediatric patients with normal airways, time to intubation was faster with C-MAC® as compared to AirtraqTM. C-MAC® also performed better in aspects like the number of attempts and ease of intubation.