bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing effectiveness of rubber dam and gingival displacement cord with copy abutment in reducing residual cement in cement‐retained implant crowns: A crossover RCT
Authors: Andrijauskas Paulius , Zukauskas Saulius , Alkimavicius Jonas , Peciuliene Vytaute , Linkevicius Tomas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the amount of residual cement after cementation of implant crown abutments with rubber dam and retraction cord with copy abutments techniques.Material and MethodsThirty single posterior metal‐ceramic implant‐supported restorations were delivered to 20 patients. The crowns were fabricated with occlusal openings obturated with composite, and then luted with resin‐reinforced glass‐ionomer cement on customised standard abutments. The cementation procedure was performed twice in the same specimens using rubber dam (group 1) and retraction cord with copy abutment (group 2). If no cement remnants were seen on periapical radiographs after cleaning, the crown‐abutment unit was dismounted. All quadrants of the specimens were photographed to calculate the percentage proportions of residual cement area. Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used for statistical analysis.ResultsIn each group, 120 measurements were performed (30 implants, 4 surfaces each). The median percentage ratio with interquartile range (IQR) between the cement remnant area and total specimen area was 1.39% (IQR 0.77%–2.29%) and 0.58% (IQR 0.31%–1.33%) in groups 1 and 2, respectively. Lesser cement remnants were found in group 2 with a statistically significant difference (p < .001). The comparison of the mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual surfaces in each group showed no statistically significant differences between them (group 1, p = .482; group 2, p = .330).ConclusionsThe retraction cord and copy abutment reduced the excess cement more efficiently than the rubber dam did. Notwithstanding, undetected cement remnants were observed with both methods, and neither should be considered reliable in clinical applications.
Subterranean freshwater gastropod biodiversity and conservation in the United States and Mexico
Authors: Gladstone Nicholas S. , Niemiller Matthew L. , Hutchins Benjamin , Schwartz Benjamin , Czaja Alexander , Slay Michael E. , Whelan Nathan V. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMany taxonomic groups successfully exploit groundwater environments and have adapted to a subterranean (stygobiotic) existence. Among these groups are freshwater gastropods (stygosnails), which represent a widespread and taxonomically diverse component of groundwater ecosystems in North America. However, owing to sampling difficulty and lack of targeted study, stygosnails remain among the most understudied of all subterranean groups. We conducted a literature review to assess the biodiversity and geographic associations of stygosnails, along with the threats, management activities, and policy considerations related to the groundwater systems they inhabit. We identified 39 stygosnail species known to occur in a range of groundwater habitats from karst regions in the United States and Mexico. Most stygosnails exhibit extreme narrow‐range endemism, resulting in a high risk of extinction from a single catastrophic event. We found that anthropogenically driven changes to surface environments have led to changes in local hydrology and degradation of groundwater systems inhabited by stygosnails such as increased sedimentation, introduction of invasive species, groundwater extraction, or physical collapse of water‐bearing passages. Consequently, 32 of the 39 described stygosnail species in the United States and Mexico have been assessed as imperiled under NatureServe criteria, and 10 species have been assessed as threatened under International Union for Conservation of Nature criteria. Compared with surface species of freshwater snails, stygosnail conservation is uniquely hindered by difficulties associated with accessing subterranean habitats for monitoring and management. Furthermore, only three species were found to have federal protection in either the United States or Mexico, and current laws regulating wildlife and water pollution at the state and federal level may be inadequate for protecting stygosnail habitats. As groundwater systems continue to be manipulated and relied on by humans, groundwater‐restricted fauna such as stygosnails should be studied so unique biodiversity can be protected.
Association of sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors with outcomes in type 2 diabetes with reduced and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction: Analysis from the CVD‐REAL 2 study
Authors: Lam Carolyn S. P. , Karasik Avraham , Melzer‐Cohen Cheli , Cavender Matthew A. , Kohsaka Shun , Norhammar Anna , Thuresson Marcus , Chen Hungta , Wittbrodt Eric , Fenici Peter , Kosiborod Mikhail ,   CVD‐REAL Investigators and Study Group
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study of real‐world data from the Maccabi database in Israel compared the risk of heart failure hospitalization (HHF) or death in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) initiating sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors versus other glucose‐lowering drugs (OGLDs) according to baseline left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF). After propensity‐matching patients by baseline EF there were 10 614 episodes of treatment initiation; 57% had diabetes for >10 years, the mean glycated haemoglobin level was 66 mmol/mol (8.2%), ∼43% had cardiovascular disease, ∼7% had heart failure and ∼ 20% had chronic kidney disease. A total of 2876 patients (∼9%) had reduced EF (<50%). Over a mean follow‐up of 1.5 years there were 371 HHFs or deaths, 88 (23.7%) in patients with reduced EF. Initiation of SGLT2 inhibitors versus OGLDs was associated with lower risk of HHF or death overall (hazard ratio [HR] 0.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.46‐0.70]; P < 0.001) and in patients with both reduced EF (HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.40‐0.93) and preserved EF (HR 0.55, 95% CI 0.43‐0.70), with no significant heterogeneity (Pinteraction = 0.72). Our findings from real‐world clinical practice show that the lower risk of HHF and death associated with use of SGLT2 inhibitors versus OGLDs is consistent in T2D patients with both reduced and preserved EF.
Safety and efficacy of an extended‐release peptide YY analogue for obesity: A randomized, placebo‐controlled, phase 1 trial
Authors: Tan Tricia M.‐M. , Minnion James , Khoo Bernard , Ball Laura‐Jayne , Malviya Reshma , Day Emily , Fiorentino Francesca , Brindley Charlie , Bush Jim , Bloom Stephen R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimTo report the results from a Phase 1 trial of an extended‐release peptide YY analogue, Y14, developed for the treatment of obesity.MethodsY14 was evaluated in overweight/obese volunteers in a Phase 1 randomized placebo‐controlled trial, conducted in a clinical trial unit in the United Kingdom. Part A was a blinded single‐ascending‐dose study evaluating doses up to 36 mg. Part B was double‐blinded and tested multiple ascending doses between 9 and 36 mg, given at 7‐ to 14‐day intervals, over the course of 28 days, with up to five doses given per participant. The primary outcome was safety and tolerability; the secondary outcome was assessment of pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics. Exploratory outcomes included food intake, body weight change and glucose tolerance after multiple doses.ResultsBetween April 11, 2017 and December 24, 2018, 53 participants were enrolled into Part A and 24 into Part B of the trial. The PK characteristics were compatible with administration every 7 to 14 days. The most common adverse events (AEs) were nausea, vomiting or administration site reactions, which were mild in most cases and settled with time. No serious AE occurred. Participants given multiple doses of Y14 lost between −2.87 and −3.58 kg body weight compared with placebo (P <0.0001) at 31 days from the first dose, with profound reductions in food intake of 38% to 55% (P <0.0001, compared to placebo) and there was no evidence of tachyphylaxis.ConclusionsOur results support the continued development of Y14 as a novel treatment for obesity.
The nuclear activity of the actin‐binding Moesin protein is necessary for gene expression in Drosophila
Authors: Bajusz Csaba , Kristó Ildikó , Abonyi Csilla , Venit Tomáš , Vedelek Viktor , Lukácsovich Tamás , Farkas Attila , Borkúti Péter , Kovács Zoltán , Bajusz Izabella , Marton Annamária , Vizler Csaba , Lipinszki Zoltán , Sinka Rita , Percipalle Piergiorgio , Vilmos Péter 
Published: February 2021

Ezrin–Radixin–Moesin (ERM) proteins play an essential role in the cytoplasm by cross‐linking actin filaments with plasma membrane proteins. Research has identified the nuclear localization of ERMs, as well as the involvement of a single Drosophila ERM protein, Moesin, in nuclear mRNA exports. However, the question of how important the nuclear activity of ERM proteins are for the life of an organism has so far not been explored. Here, we present the first attempt to reveal the in vivo relevance of nuclear localization of Moesin in Drosophila. With the help of a nuclear export signal, we decreased the amount of Moesin in the nuclei of the animals. Furthermore, we observed various developmental defects, demonstrating the importance of ERM function in the nucleus for the first time. Transcriptome analysis of the mutant flies revealed that the lack of nuclear Moesin function leads to expression changes in nearly 700 genes, among them heat‐shock genes. This result together with additional findings revealed that in Drosophila the expression of protein chaperones requires the nuclear functions of Moesin.DatabaseGEO accession number: GSE155778.
Indoor Air Background Levels of Volatile Organic Compounds and Air‐Phase Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Office Buildings and Schools
Authors: Rago BS Richard , Rezendes BS Andy , Peters MS Jay , Chatterton BS Kelly , Kammari MS Arun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA background indoor air study has been completed which includes the collection of indoor air samples from office buildings and schools. The anonymous study was designed with input from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection. The sampling was implemented in 2013, 2014, and 2015 and included the collection of 25 school building samples and 61 office building samples. The study generated 14,668 new indoor air background data points, with samples collected from buildings located in 26 cities in 18 states, including Arizona, California, Connecticut, Indiana, Kansas, Maine, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Montana, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Nevada, North Carolina, Ohio, Texas, Utah, and Washington. Indoor air background concentrations of target compound volatile organic compounds (VOCs) ranged from less than the laboratory method reporting limit of 0.044 μg/m3 to concentrations up to 1190 μg/m3, with hydrocarbon ranges from less than the reporting method limit of 10 μg/m3 to concentrations up to 3000 μg/m3. Some VOCs were identified ubiquitously in indoor air background, and some were identified at concentrations which exceeded risk‐based regulatory screening levels. These study results provide useful and updated information on indoor air background and air quality in offices and schools and can be used in future regulatory guidance update considerations, for further examination of relationships between these data and residential study data, in human health risk assessments and risk communication, and in planning future studies.
Butterflies on the dry edge of the Atlantic Forest: water availability determines community structure at the Northern limit of Atlantic Forest
Authors: de Brito Marcos Roberto Monteiro , Lion Marilia Bruzzi , Oliveira Isabela Freitas , Cardoso Márcio Zikán 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The composition of communities of fruit‐feeding butterflies in the Brazilian Atlantic forest changes in response to landscape fragmentation and can be used as an indicator of habitat quality. Landscape fragmentation, aridity, and early signs of global warming at the northernmost distribution of this biome may impose extra challenges for species persistence.
We aim to clarify the drivers of fruit‐feeding butterflies' metacommunity structure in the northernmost portion of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We propose to disentangle consequences of habitat loss from fragmentation per se by using both habitat amount and patch scale metrics.
We sampled fruit‐feeding butterflies in 15 forest fragments of up to ~30 ha during 1 year. We used fragment size, shape, distance to nearest perennial stream, Euclidean distance to nearest neighbour, forest habitat amount, proximity index, and the percentage of sugarcane within a buffer to elucidate patterns of species richness, abundance, and beta diversity.
A configuration metric, stream distance, was the only variable predicting metacommunity total abundance and richness: fragments farther from water had fewer species and individuals. However, forest habitat amount and sugar cane were important to rarefied richness and species replacement between fragments.
Our findings suggest that streams and associated riparian zones provide source populations for the butterfly metacommunities in this landscape, which fits the mass effect model. We also emphasise that small forest patches have high conservation value for persistence of butterfly populations, because each fragment preserves a substantial portion of the total species pool.
Disidentity and nonconsumption of smartwatches
Authors: Gerhart Natalie , Ogbanufe Obi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUbiquitous technologies have changed the way consumers interact with technology products and with each other. The pervasiveness of these technologies is changing the extent to which individuals identify or disidentify with technologies, and in turn, consume or reject the technology product. Given the importance of identification for consumer product use and consumption, an understanding of disidentification that can lead to rejection and nonconsumption becomes equally important, especially with respect to ubiquitous technologies. This research draws on social identity theory and reactance theory to develop a disidentity framework for a ubiquitous consumer technology: a smartwatch. We investigate the factors that influence smartwatch disidentification, and in turn, nonconsumption. Findings suggest that smartwatch nonconsumption is strongly related to disidentification, which is due to intrusiveness, dissimilarity, disrepute, and indistinctiveness. In addition, we find that features specific to ubiquitous products—intrusiveness and privacy concern—show mixed results in relation to smartwatch disidentity. These findings have important implications for consumer brand identification, disidentification, and nonconsumption, as well as implications for marketers.
Domain morphology of newly designed lead‐free antiferroelectric NaNbO3‐SrSnO3 ceramics
Authors: Ding Hui , Zhang Mao‐Hua , Koruza Jurij , Molina‐Luna Leopoldo , Kleebe Hans‐Joachim 
Published: February 2021

AbstractReversible antiferroelectric‐ferroelectric phase transitions were recently observed in a series of SrSnO3‐modified NaNbO3 lead‐free antiferroelectric materials, exhibiting well‐defined double polarization hysteresis loops at ambient conditions. Here, transmission electron microscopy was employed to investigate the crystallography and domain configuration of this newly designed system via electron diffraction and centered dark‐field imaging. It was confirmed that antiferroelectricity is maintained in all compositions, manifested by the characteristic ¼ superlattice reflections in the electron‐diffraction patterns. By investigating the antiferroelectric domains and domain boundaries in NaNbO3, we demonstrate that antiphase boundaries are present and their irregular periodicity is responsible for the streaking features along the ¼ superlattice reflections in the electron‐diffraction patterns. The signature domain blocks observed in pure NaNbO3 are maintained in the SrSnO3‐modified ceramics, but disappear when the amount of SrSnO3 reaches 7 mol.%. In particular, a well‐defined and distinct domain configuration is observed in the NaNbO3 sample modified with 5 mol.% SrSnO3, which presents a parallelogram domain morphology.
Fabrication of continuous linear pores in an SOFC anode using unidirectional carbon fibers as sacrificial templates
Authors: Choi Seongcheol , Cheung Carson , Graeve Olivia A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe describe the manufacturing of a solid‐oxide fuel cell anode of NiO−8 mol.% Y2O3‐stabilized ZrO2 with micro‐scale continuous linear pores (CLPs) and nano‐scale interparticle pore structures, achieved through thermal decomposition of unidirectional amorphous carbon fibers. The CLP structure prepared by this sacrificial templating method is characterized by its controllable uniform size, a tortuosity (ie, uniformity) of 1.003, and a coefficient of variation of 0.59. These highly regular CLPs are expected to minimize Knudsen diffusion, resulting in enhanced mass transport of hydrogen gas at the active sites, known as triple‐phase boundary sites. Simulations using the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) were used to determine the mass transport in the systems. An optimum diameter of 3 µm and an interparticle pore size of 185 nm was shown to maximize the acceleration of mass transport of H2 and maintain the number of TPB sites to minimize concentration overpotential. Thus, the proposed porous design can increase the energy efficiency of a solid‐oxide fuel cell primarily by reducing the concentration overpotential.
Suicide care from the nursing perspective: A meta‐synthesis of qualitative studies
Authors: Clua‐García Rafael , Casanova‐Garrigós Georgina , Moreno‐Poyato Antonio R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsTo explore nurses' experiences of suicide care and to identify and synthesize the most suitable interventions for the care of people with suicidal behaviour from a nursing perspective.DesignQualitative meta‐synthesis.Data sourcesComprehensive search of five electronic databases for qualitative studies published between January 2015 and June 2019.Review methodsThe PRISMA statement was used for reporting the different phases of the literature search and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) qualitative research checklist was used as an appraisal framework. Data synthesis was conducted using Sandelowski and Barroso's method.ResultsSeventeen articles met the inclusion criteria. The data analysis revealed 13 subcategories from which four main categories emerged: ‘Understanding suicidal behaviour as a consequence of suffering’, ‘Nurses’ personal distress in suicide care’, ‘The presence of the nurse as the axis of suicide care’ and, ‘Improving nurses’ relational competences for a better therapeutic environment’.ConclusionFurther training of nurses on the therapeutic relationship, particularly in non‐mental health care work settings, and monitoring of the emotional impact on nurses in relation to suicide is required to promote more effective prevention and care.ImpactThis review provides new insights on how suicide is interpreted, the associated emotions, the way suicide is approached and proposals for improving clinical practice from the point of view of nurses. The results demonstrate that the nurse–patient relationship, ongoing assessment, and the promotion of a sense of security and hope are critical in nursing care for patients who exhibit suicidal behaviour. Consequently, to promote an effective nursing care of suicide, nurses should be provided with further training on the therapeutic relationship. Thus, health institutions do not only provide the time and space to conduct an adequate therapeutic relationship, but also, through their managers, they should supervise and address the emotional impact that is generated in nurses caring for patients who exhibit suicidal behaviour.
Association of hip fractures with cardiometabolic‐renal risk factors in Southern Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes – the Hong Kong Diabetes Register
Authors: Yun‐Ning Cheung Elaine , Pik‐Shan Kong Alice , Siu‐Him Lau Eric , Yee‐Kwan Chow Elaine , On‐Yan Luk Andrea , Ching‐Wan Ma Ronald , Ping Lam Tsz , Yuk‐Wai Lee Wayne , Chun‐Yiu Cheng Jack , Ebeling Peter R , Chung‐Ngor Chan Juliana 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionDiabetes and bone health are closely related. We examined the incidence and risk factors of hip fractures in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Materials and MethodsIn this prospective cohort, we consecutively enrolled 22,325 adults with T2D above the age of 40 years in the Hong Kong Diabetes Register between 1994 and 2015 with crude hip fracture incidence rate censored in 2017.ResultsAt baseline, the mean age of this cohort was 60.9 ± 10.5 years (mean duration of diabetes 6 years, 52.4% male). During a mean ± standard deviation (SD) follow‐up period of 8.7 ± 5.2 years with 193,553 person‐years, 603 patients were hospitalized due to hip fractures with an incidence (95% confidence interval, CI) of 315.1 (290.4–341.3) per 100,000 person‐years. On multivariable analysis with competing death risk adjusted, the independent hazard ratios (95% CI) for hip fractures in T2D were 2.01 (1.61–2.51) for female sex, 1.08 (1.07–1.09) for age, 0.93 (0.90–0.95) for body mass index, 1.52 (1.25–1.85) for albuminuria and 1.12 (1.02–1.23) for low density lipoprotein‐cholesterol. In men, the 30‐day, 1‐year and 5‐year post‐hip fracture mortality rate (95% CI) were 5.8 (2.4–9.1) %, 29.2 (22.3–35.5) % and 65.9 (57.3–72.8) % respectively. The corresponding rates in women were 3.4 (1.6–5.1) %, 18.6 (14.7–22.4) %, and 46.8 (40.9–52.1) %.ConclusionsSouthern Chinese patients with T2D have a high risk of hip fracture associated with suboptimal cardiometabolic‐renal risk factors and a high post‐fracture mortality rate. The effects of improving modifiable risk factors on bone health warrants further evaluation.
Are evolutionary transitions in sexual size dimorphism related to sex determination in reptiles?
Authors: Katona Gergely , Vági Balázs , Végvári Zsolt , Liker András , Freckleton Robert P. , Bókony Veronika , Székely Tamás 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSex determination systems are highly variable in vertebrates, although neither the causes nor the implications of this diversity are fully understood. Theory suggests that sex determination is expected to relate to sexual size dimorphism, because environmental sex determination promotes sex‐specific developmental bias in embryonic growth rates. Furthermore, selection for larger size in one sex or the other has been proposed to drive the evolution of different genetic sex determination systems. Here, we investigate whether sex determination systems relate to adult sexual size dimorphism, using 250 species of reptiles (Squamata, Testudines and Crocodylia) representing 26 families. Using phylogenetically informed analyses, we find that sexual size dimorphism is associated with sex determination: species with TSDIa sex determination (i.e. in which the proportion of female offspring increases with incubation temperature) have more female‐biased size dimorphism than species with TSDII (i.e. species in which males are produced at mid temperatures). We also found a trend that species with TSD ancestors had more male‐biased size dimorphism in XY sex chromosome systems than in ZW sex chromosome systems. Taken together, our results support the prediction that sexual size dimorphism is linked to sex‐dependent developmental variations caused by environmental factors and also by sex chromosomes. Since the extent of size dimorphism is related to various behavioural, ecological and life‐history differences between sexes, our results imply profound impacts of sex determination systems for vertebrate diversity.