bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The depletion mechanism can actuate bacterial aggregation by self-produced exopolysaccharides and determine species distribution and composition in bacterial aggregates
Authors: Secor Patrick R. , Michaels Lia A. , Bublitz DeAnna C. , Jennings Laura K. , Singh Pradeep K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBacteria causing chronic infections are often found in cell aggregates suspended in polymer secretions, and aggregation may be a factor in infection persistence. One aggregation mechanism, called depletion aggregation, is driven by physical forces between bacteria and polymers. Here we investigated whether the depletion mechanism can actuate the aggregating effects of P. aeruginosa exopolysaccharides for suspended (i.e. not surface attached) bacteria, and how depletion affects bacterial inter-species interactions. We found cells overexpressing the exopolysaccharides Pel and Psl, but not alginate remained aggregated after depletion-mediating conditions were reversed. In co-culture, depletion aggregation had contrasting effects on P. aeruginosa’s interactions with coccus- and rod-shaped bacteria. Depletion caused S. aureus (cocci) and P. aeruginosa (rods) to segregate from each other, S. aureus to resist secreted P. aeruginosa antimicrobial factors, and the species to co-exist. In contrast, depletion aggregation caused P. aeruginosa and Burkholderia sp. to intermix, enhancing type VI secretion inhibition of Burkholderia by P. aeruginosa, leading to P. aeruginosa dominance. These results show that in addition to being a primary cause of aggregation in polymer-rich suspensions, physical forces inherent to the depletion mechanism can actuate the aggregating effects of self-produced exopolysaccharides and determine species distribution and composition of bacterial communities.
Cardiac dysfunction affects eye development and vision by reducing supply of lipids in fish
Authors: Sørhus Elin , Meier Sonnich , Donald Carey E. , Furmanek Tomasz , Edvardsen Rolf B. , Lie Kai K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDeveloping organisms are especially vulnerable to environmental stressors. We aimed to understand the underlying mechanisms of phenanthrene (Phe) and crude oil induced eye malformations. We exposed Atlantic haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) embryos to a known L-type calcium channel blocker, nicardipine hydrochloride (Nic), and compared to early embryonic crude oil (Oil) and late embryonic Phe toxicity. All treatments lead to severe, eye, jaw and spinal deformities at early larval stages. At 3 days post hatching, larvae from all treatments and corresponding controls were dissected. Eyes, trunk, head and yolk sac were subjected to lipid profiling, and eyes were also subjected to transcriptomic profiling. Changes in lipid profiles and the transcriptome suggested that the dysfunctional and abnormal eyes in our treatments were due to both disruption of signaling pathways and insufficient supply of essential fatty acids and other nutrients form the yolk.
Exploring firm-level innovation and productivity in India
Authors: Mishra Aswini Kumar , Sinha Abhishek Kumar , Khasnis Abhijeet , Vadlamani Sai Theja 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThis paper aims to analyse the impact of innovation on the productivity of firms in India using the data from the World Enterprise Survey. This paper first classifies three different types of innovation measures then further analyses their relation with the productivity of the firms.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology used for this study has incorporated the structural Crépon-Douget-Mairesse (CDM) model wherein productivity is measured using both the innovation inputs and the innovation outputs. Three main equations have been used to quantify this relation includes the knowledge intensity function, innovation function and the productivity equation.FindingsFindings indicate that decision to invest in research and development (R&D) is influenced negatively by financial obstacles and trade obstacles and positively influenced by telecommunication obstacles, government obstacles and the size of the firm in India. Similarly, financial obstacles and the size of the firm are affecting the firm’s research expenditure per employee. Also, financial obstacles seem to hinder the research intensity and larger firms seem to have higher research intensity. The size of the firm contributes significantly to product innovation. However, R&D spending seems to be negatively related to the innovation outcome. The findings relating to productivity shows neither product nor process innovation outputs, independently are not contributing significantly to the productivity of firms. However, product and process innovation, together serve as innovation outputs is a significant contributor to firm productivity. On the other hand, organisational innovation contributes significantly to the productivity of the firms in a negative manner.Originality/valueThe findings relating to productivity shows neither product nor process innovation outputs, independently are not contributing significantly to the productivity of firms (which has been measured by sales per worker is impacted by the capital and the labour inputs). However, product and process innovation, together serve as innovation outputs is a significant contributor to firm productivity. On the other hand, organisational innovation contributes significantly to the productivity of the firms in a negative manner. The reason could be due to the fact that the definition of organisational innovation incorporates both dissolutions and mergers.
A sociological study of patterns and determinants of child labour in India
Authors: Sahoo Barsa Priyadarsinee 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to understand the patterns and incidence of child labour in India and to examine the magnitude of child labour across different social groups. It analyses the impact of the socio-economic background of the children on their participation in the labour market.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper primarily relies on the data collected from secondary sources. The census of India data and the National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) 66th round data (2009–2010) on employment and unemployment in India for the study. The dependent variable on child labour has been computed by the author for the analysis in the paper.

Findings
The findings of the paper suggest that poverty is not the only determinant of child labour, but gender and caste of a person is also a significant factor for child labour. The study found that children from lower-caste backgrounds in India seem to participate more in the labour market. In terms of gender, the study found that boys are more likely to engage in economic activities or paid jobs while girls are more likely to engage in household activities.

Originality/value
Data used in this paper has been extracted by the author from unit level data provided by NSSO. The variables used for the analysis in the presented paper has been constructed by the author and the figures provided are the result of the author’s estimation on data.
Urban ecosystem health assessment and obstacle factor diagnosis using a comprehensive assessment model for Nanjing, China
Authors: Xie Xue , Fang Bin , Li Xin , He Shasha 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAn urban ecosystem carries the burden of urbanization and records the changes in the ecological environment . A scientific evaluation of the urban ecosystem can effectively assess and identify any system damage and degradation caused by nature or by human activities. In this paper, we construct an urban ecosystem health assessment system on the basis of a pressure–state–response (PSR)/vigor–organization–resilience (VOR) model along with the socioeconomic and remote sensing data related to Nanjing. Meanwhile, the factors hindering the stainable development of the Nanjing ecosystem are discussed. The results indicated that the health of the urban ecosystem in Nanjing is generally on the rise, improving from poor in 2000 to good in 2017; from the results obtained via the PSR model, the state layer continues to decrease, whereas the pressure and response layers continue to increase; the VOR model demonstrated that the urban ecosystem in Nanjing has been relatively stable over the past 20 years, and the obstacle degree model demonstrated that, over the next 10 years, the obstacle factors will be concentrated in the response layer in the early stage and in the pressure layer in the later period, mainly because of the pressure brought about by population growth.
Beyond cytokines: Influences of the endocrine system on human immune homeostasis
Authors: Milling Simon 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe immune system must be tightly controlled to prevent potentially damaging over‐response to pathogens and must also be actively maintained in a responsive state when no immediate threat is present. These processes of control and maintenance are important for sustaining a state of immune homeostasis and are controlled by a network of cellular and molecular interactions. Here, we highlight a recent publication in Immunology (2021) where the authors have examined the effects of the thyroid and pituitary hormones, thyrotrophin and thyroxine, on immune homeostasis in humans. This work reveals homeostatic effects of these hormones on T cells and B cells and raises the possibility that the endocrine system might be manipulated to modulate the immune response.
RHEDAR study: Determination of the risk of gastrointestinal hemorrhage in treatment with dabigatran, acenocoumarol and rivaroxaban
Authors: Agudo‐Fernández Sandra , Castaño Milla Carlos , González Blanco Ana , Olmos Jerez José Antonio , Calvo Morillas Isabel , Sancho Del Val Lorena 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and AimAtrial fibrillation is a major cause of death and disability due to stroke. Vitamin K antagonist drugs are effective for prevention, but they have a narrow therapeutic range and multiple pharmacological interactions. In recent years, new therapeutic alternatives have been searched to minimize complications. The main objective is to evaluate the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding in anticoagulated patients and compare the classic treatment with new anticoagulants.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study to determine the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients treated with acenocoumarol/dabigatran/rivaroxaban, between 2012 and 2016. We compared the classic with the new anticoagulant group, and a multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determinate the risk factors of gastrointestinal bleeding.ResultsA total of 1213 patients were selected, 52.7% male patients, a mean age of 72.6 years old (± 14.563). 73.6% had atrial fibrilation. 14.5% of patients used acetylsalicylic acid, and 4% clopidogrel. 67.2% had a high‐risk CHADS‐2 Score, and 36.9% a high‐risk HAS‐BLED Score. We determined a 5.6% (68) of gastrointestinal bleeding, without differences according to anticoagulant used. The multivariate model showed a greater risk for digestive hemorrhage in patients with a previous hemorrhagic event (odds ratio [OR] = 2.422 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.101–5.327) and the concomitant therapy with clopidogrel (OR = 2.373 95% CI: 0.996–5.652).ConclusionsNo differences were found in the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding between the different anticoagulants. A previous gastrointestinal bleeding were considered independent risk factor. The HAS‐BLED score should be taken into account to make clinical decisions about to prescribe anticoagulant treatment.
Contents of nutrition care services among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic: An Exit interview
Authors: Saronga Naomi , Burrows Tracy L. , Collins Clare E. , Mosha Idda H. , Sunguya Bruno F. , Rollo Megan E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundFocused antenatal care currently implemented in Tanzania recommends that women receive nutrition care during routine clinic visits. However, little detail is documented in regard to the nutrition information provided to pregnant women during these visits. The present study aimed to investigate whether pregnant women recalled nutrition information or support provided and, if so, who provided this during routine antenatal clinic visits. The secondary aim was to determine how pregnant women intended to implement the information and what mode of delivery was preferred for receiving nutrition information.MethodsAn exploratory cross‐sectional study comprising exit interviews was conducted with 50 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in three regional referral hospitals in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.ResultsAll participants (n = 50) reported receiving nutrition care from healthcare workers in regard to; haemoglobin checks (79% of participants), iron and folic acid supplementation (70%), weight measurement (70%), eating advice (60%), and dietary intake assessment (38%). However, the information recalled on each category was inconsistent. For 60% of participants, nurses were reported as the source of nutrition care during pregnancy, followed by medical doctors (22%). The most preferable mode for receiving nutrition information was reported as individual face‐to‐face sessions with health practitioners, followed by mobile phone. All of the participants who received nutrition information indicated that they intended to implement.ConclusionsNurses were the main source of nutrition information for pregnant women attending antenatal clinics, followed by medical doctors. However, the content of nutrition information recalled by participants was inconsistent. Healthcare facilities need to implement strategies to ensure pregnant women understand and can implement nutrition information provided by healthcare workers during routine antenatal care.
Predictors of posttraumatic growth of intensive care unit nurses in Korea
Authors: Chang Ae Kyung , Yoon Hyejin , Jang Ji Hyun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimNurses working in intensive care units are repeatedly exposed to trauma (e.g., verbal or physical abuse by confused patients, and unexpected death). However, after experiencing traumatic events, not all intensive care unit nurses develop psychopathological issues, including posttraumatic stress disorder. Therefore, this study aims to examine the level of posttraumatic growth and psychosocial factors such as posttraumatic stress symptoms, deliberate rumination, wisdom, and self‐compassion to predict posttraumatic growth in Korean intensive care unit nurses.MethodsA total of 156 intensive care unit nurses participated in this cross‐sectional survey. Posttraumatic growth, posttraumatic stress symptoms, deliberate rumination, wisdom, and self‐compassion were measured using validated self‐report scales, and data were analyzed by descriptive statistics.ResultPosttraumatic growth was found to be comparatively low in intensive care unit nurses, while multiple regression showed that positive self‐compassion was the most significant predictor for posttraumatic growth, followed by wisdom, age, and deliberate rumination. All together four variables explained 30% of the variance in posttraumatic growth.ConclusionFindings from this study suggest that intensive care unit nurses' posttraumatic growth may be enhanced by increasing positive self‐compassion, wisdom, and deliberate rumination. Therefore, a paradigm shift focusing on possible positive pathways, such as development of mental health programs to improve posttraumatic growth for intensive care unit nurses is required rather than focusing on management of posttraumatic stress disorder. The results of this study could provide theoretical guidance to seek more effective and integrated intervention strategies for intensive care unit nurses.
Topical Band‐pass Filter Cream (TBFC)‐assisted home‐based NB‐UVB: A must‐know Alternative to artificial phototherapy
Authors: Sonthalia Sidharth 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundTreatment‐refractory lesions of vitiligo and psoriasis are typically associated with significant psychological morbidity. Although narrowband‐ultraviolet B (NB‐UVB) phototherapy remains one of the safest and effective treatment modalities, the cost and logistics related to the access and high cost of therapy delivered artificially via devices/chambers become highly restrictive. The use of topical Photocil®, a novel topical band‐pass filter cream (TBFC), that selectively filters solar radiation, biasing toward delivery of 311–313 nm (action spectrum of NB‐UVB) to the treated lesions, following the exposure of TBFC‐smeared lesions to natural sunlight offsets many aforementioned limitations of artificial phototherapy. The non‐inferior efficacy of Photocil® as an alternative to artificial NB‐UVB has recently been reported in patients with lighter skin phototypes (SPT) with non‐segmental vitiligo and psoriasis.ObjectivesTo demonstrate the high efficacy‐cum‐safety of the novel approach in repigmenting treatment‐refractory segmental vitiligo (SV) in an adult man with SPT‐V and discuss the essentials of successful administration of NB‐UVB using this approach.MethodsThe baseline clinical details and therapeutic outcome of 12‐week protocol of TBFC‐assisted NB‐UVB (with details of step‐by‐step administration including precautions) in SV of the aforementioned patient are discussed.ResultsUp to 75% repigmentation without any remarkable adverse effects was noted with persistent efficacy over the next 12 weeks.ConclusionThe device‐free home‐based TBFC‐assisted NB‐UVB delivery using natural sunlight offers a viable, convenient, and cost‐effective alternative to artificial phototherapy for successful treatment of vitiligo; with its utility proven even in SV that too in individual(s) with darker SPT.
Telephone veteran peer coaching for mental health treatment engagement among rural veterans: The importance of secondary outcomes and qualitative data in a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Seal Karen H. , Pyne Jeffrey M. , Manuel Jennifer K. , Li Yongmei , Koenig Christopher J. , Zamora Kara A. , Abraham Traci H. , Mesidor Marie M. , Hill Coleen , Uddo Madeline , Hamilton Michelle , Borsari Brian , Bertenthal Daniel , Casey James J. , Kelly P. Adam 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeTo determine the effectiveness of telephone motivational coaching delivered by veteran peers to improve mental health (MH) treatment engagement among veterans.MethodsVeterans receiving primary care from primarily rural VA community‐based outpatient clinics were enrolled. Veterans not engaged in MH treatment screening positive for ≥1 MH problem(s) were randomized to receive veteran peer‐delivered feedback on MH screen results and referrals plus 4 sessions of telephone motivational coaching (intervention) versus veteran peer‐delivered MH results and referrals without motivational coaching (control). Blinded telephone assessments were conducted at baseline, 8, 16, and 32 weeks. Cox proportional hazard models compared MH clinician‐directed treatment initiation between groups; descriptive analyses compared MH treatment retention, changes in MH symptoms, quality of life, and self‐care.FindingsAmong 272 veterans screening positive for ≥1 MH problem(s), 45% who received veteran peer telephone motivational coaching versus 46% of control participants initiated MH treatment (primary outcome) (hazard ratio: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.76‐1.57), representing no between‐group differences. In contrast, veterans receiving veteran peer motivational coaching achieved significantly greater improvements in depression, posttraumatic stress disorder and cannabis use scores, quality of life domains, and adoption of some self‐care strategies than controls (secondary outcomes). Qualitative data revealed that veterans who received veteran peer motivational coaching may no longer have perceived a need for MH treatment.ConclusionsAmong veterans with MH problems using predominantly rural VA community clinics, telephone peer motivational coaching did not enhance MH treatment engagement, but instead had positive effects on MH symptoms, quality of life indicators, and use of self‐care strategies.
Rural‐urban differences in uptake of diabetes self‐management education among Medicare beneficiaries: Results from the 2016 to 2018 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey
Authors: Luo Huabin , Basu Rashmita , Bell Ronny A. , Rafferty Ann P. , Zeng Xiaoming , Qu Haiyan , Dove Cameron 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeTo assess rural‐urban differences in participation rates of diabetes self‐management education and associated factors among Medicare beneficiaries with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).MethodsData were from the 2016 to 2018 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS). Participation in diabetes self‐management education was self‐reported. The study sample included 3,799 beneficiaries aged 65 years and older with self‐reported T2DM. Logistic regression was used to assess the association of participation in diabetes self‐management education and residential location. Sampling weights embedded in the MCBS were incorporated into all analyses.FindingsOverall, the participation rate of diabetes self‐management education was 46.8% (95% CI: 44.4%‐49.2%). The rate was 40.3% for beneficiaries in rural areas, 48.0% for suburban areas, and 47.3% for urban areas. About 31% of beneficiaries newly diagnosed with diabetes did not participate within the past year. Controlling for other covariates, beneficiaries in rural areas were less likely to have participated in diabetes self‐management education (AOR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.55‐0.95) than those living in urban areas. Asian Americans were less likely to have participated (AOR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.28‐0.84) than Whites. Those who were older, with lower education, and lower income levels were less likely to have participated (P < .05).ConclusionsRecent MCBS data indicate that more than half of Medicare beneficiaries with T2DM did not participate in diabetes self‐management education, and the participation rate in rural areas was 7 percentage points lower than that ​in urban areas. The study findings highlight challenges to maximize the benefits of participating in diabetes self‐management education, particularly in rural areas.
Clinical impact of sexual dimorphism in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)
Authors: Burra Patrizia , Bizzaro Debora , Gonta Anna , Shalaby Sarah , Gambato Martina , Morelli Maria Cristina , Trapani Silvia , Floreani Annarosa , Marra Fabio , Brunetto Maurizia Rossana , Taliani Gloria , Villa Erica ,   the Special Interest Group Gender in Hepatology of the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver (AISF)
Published: May 2021

AbstractNAFLD/NASH is a sex‐dimorphic disease, with a general higher prevalence in men. Women are at reduced risk of NAFLD compared to men in fertile age, whereas after menopause women have a comparable prevalence of NAFLD as men. Indeed, sexual category, sex hormones and gender habits interact with numerous NAFLD factors including cytokines, stress and environmental factors and alter the risk profiles and phenotypes of NAFLD. In the present review, we summarized the last findings about the influence of sex on epidemiology, pathogenesis, progression in cirrhosis, indication for liver transplantation and alternative therapies, including lifestyle modification and pharmacological strategies. We are confident that an appropriate consideration of sex, age, hormonal status and sociocultural gender differences will lead to a better understanding of sex differences in NAFLD risk, therapeutic targets and treatment responses and will aid in achieving sex‐specific personalized therapies.