bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Achilles Tendon Rupture in Basketball: Systematic Review of the Present Literature
Authors: Alegre Berta , Seijas Roberto , Alvarez Pedro , Pérez Albert 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background The most common cause of the Achilles tendon ruptures in the U.S. population is sports, basketball is one among them. It is not one of the most frequent injuries of this sport, but it is one of the most serious and impactful in its practice.
Purpose The objective of this work is to gather evidence and evaluate the relationship between Achilles' tendon ruptures and basketball.
Study Design This study designed as a systematic review.
Material and Methods A search of literature in the databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov was conducted during January and February 2020.
Results After the search and selection, three relevant articles were obtained due to their epidemiological content, Raikin et al and Lemme et al. In 2013 and 2018, they, respectively, conducted studies in U.S. populations, establishing sport as the most frequent injury mechanism in Achilles' tendon ruptures. It was analyzed according to injury mechanism, gender, body mass index (BMI), and age. In both studies, the lesion resulted more frequently in men and the sport involved in most of the cases was basketball (32 and 42.6%, respectively). In 2019, Lemme et al published an epidemiological design analyzing the Achilles tendon ruptures in the National Basketball Association (NBA), identifying risk factors and results in professional players. After suffering the injury, 36.8% of the patients had to retire or were holders in less than 10 games to the rest of their sports career.
Conclusions The relationship between basketball and Achilles' tendon rupture is clear in the general population. Despite this, new studies are required to complement the evidence obtained so far.
A Meta-analysis of Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery versus Total Mesorectal Excision in the Treatment of Rectal Cancer
Authors: Ahmad Nasir Zaheer , Abbas Muhammad Hasan , Abunada Mohamed H. , Parvaiz Amjad 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEMS) has been suggested as an alternative to total mesorectal excision (TME) in the treatment of early rectal cancers. The extended role of TEMS for higher stage rectal cancers after neoadjuvant therapy is also experimented. The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare the oncological outcomes and report on the evidence-based clinical supremacy of either technique.Methods Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for the randomized controlled trials comparing the oncological and perioperative outcomes of TEMS and a radical TME. A local recurrence and postoperative complications were analyzed as primary end points. Intraoperative blood loss, operation time, and duration of hospital stay were compared as secondary end points.Results There was no statistical difference in the local recurrence or postoperative complications with a risk ratio of 1.898 and 0.753 and p-values of 0.296 and 0.306, respectively, for TEMS and TME. A marked statistical significance in favor of TEMS was observed for secondary end points. There was standard difference in means of −4.697, −6.940, and −5.685 with p-values of 0.001, 0.005, and 0.001 for blood loss, operation time, and hospital stay, respectively.Conclusion TEMS procedure is a viable alternative to TME in the treatment of early rectal cancers. An extended role of TEMS after neoadjuvant therapy may also be offered to a selected group of patients. TME surgery remains the standard of care in more advanced rectal cancers.
Fractured T Tube Fragment in Common Bile Duct during Retrieval: An Unforeseen Mishap
Authors: Rajput Deepak , Patnaik Itish , Shasheendran Sruthi , Kumar Beeram K. Prasanna , Gupta Amit 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCommon bile duct (CBD) exploration by surgical method—open or laparoscopic, traditionally involved using a T tube to take care of postoperative intraluminal pressure and edema. The complications of T tube include bile leak after removal, formation of biliary fistula, excoriation of the skin, dehydration, saline depletion, retained T tube fragment, CBD obstruction, cholangitis, pancreatitis, and duodenal erosion. Here, we report a case of retained T tube fragment after an attempted removal in an operated case of choledocholithiasis, which was managed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and balloon catheter removal of the remnant.
Salvage of a Near-Total Penile Amputation following Urinary Fistulization and Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection with a Composite ALT Flap and Vascularized Fascia Lata
Authors: Horta Ricardo , Mendes Margarida , Barreiro Diogo , Almeida Alexandre , Jarnalo Mariana , Teixeira Sérgio , Pinto Rui 
Published: September 2021

AbstractReconstruction of complex penile defects is always challenging, as some defects are not possible to reconstruct with skin or mucosa grafts, and even local flaps may be precluded in complex wounds. We present a case of a 63-year-old otherwise healthy man, who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate for benign prostatic hyperplasia. After the procedure, he developed panurethral necrosis with consequent stricture. Three urethroplasties for reconstruction of the bulbar and distal urethra using buccal mucosa grafts, a preputial flap, and penile skin were performed by urology team in different institutions, but serious urinary fistulization and carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC) infection translated in a chronic wound, urethra necrosis, and near-total penile amputation. A composite anterolateral thigh flap and vascularized fascia lata were used with success together with a perineal urethroplasty in different stages, improving the ischemic wound condition. The extended segment of fascia lata was used for Buck's fascia replacement and circumferential reinforcement to cover the erectile bodies of the penis. The postoperative period was uneventful and after 12 months, there were no signs of recurrence or wound dehiscence. He was able and easily adapted to void in a seated position through the perineal urethrostomy that was made. To the best of our knowledge, this procedure has not been reported previously as a salvage procedure in a fistulizated and KPC infected penis, but it may be considered to avoid penile amputation in chronic infected and intractable wounds.
Can robots possess knowledge? Rethinking the DIK(W) pyramid through the lens of employees of an automotive factory
Authors: Hautala Johanna 
Published: September 2021

AbstractKnowledge, information, and data are increasingly processed in human–robot collaboration. This study tackles two requirements for revising the concepts of knowledge, information, and data. First is developing robots’ knowledge capabilities and transparency and ensuring effective division of tasks between humans and robots to increase the productivity of robotised factories. Employees’ interpretations of robots’ abilities to possess knowledge reveal their assumptions of robots’ possibilities and limitations to create knowledge-based products with humans. Second, the classic DIK(W) pyramid of data, information, knowledge, and wisdom is a theoretical construct requiring additional empirical research. This empirical exploratory study develops the DIK(W) further and applies it as a tool to understand employees’ perspectives of robots and knowledge. Do people believe robots possess knowledge? What kind of knowledge can (or cannot) robots possess? A survey (n = 269) was collected from the most robotised factory in Finland, Valmet Automotive. Half of the respondents think robots can possess knowledge, but only with humans. These respondents were more likely to trust robots compared to those who think robots cannot possess knowledge. As the key contribution, the DIK(W) pyramid is reconceived by (i) acknowledging robots and humans, (ii) turning the pyramid upside down, and (iii) recognising knowledge as a dividing concept.
An 18.3 MJ charging and discharging pulsed power supply system for the Space Plasma Environment Research Facility (SPERF): The subsystem for the magnetic perturbation coils
Authors: Guan Jian , E Peng , Mao Aohua , Ma Xun , Jin Chenggang , Deng Weijun , Ding Mingjun , Li Songjie , Kang Chuanhui , Xiao Jinshui , Tong Weiming , Li Hongtao 
Published: September 2021

The mechanism of acceleration, loss, and wave–particle interaction of energetic particles in the magnetosphere is a research content of the Space Plasma Environment Research Facility, which is being built as a user facility at the Harbin Institute of Technology in China. Two magnetic perturbation coils are used to simulate the magnetic storm distortion and excite Alfvén wave perturbation. A capacitor-based pulsed power supply (PPS) system with a modular design is developed to excite the magnetic perturbation coils to generate the required amplitude and duration of the magnetic field. The two magnetic perturbation coils are the CRDI coil and CRDII coil and are excited by one set of PPSs. The PPS for the CRDI coil consists of two modules and can provide a pulsed current of no less than 132 kA at 0.12 ms when the charging voltage is 20 kV, and the duration of the pulsed current from the peak to 10% of the peak is no more than 0.7 ms. The PPS for the CRDII coil consists of five modules and can provide a pulsed current of no less than 16 kA at 0.45, 0.65, 0.8, 0.95, and 1.1 ms, and the duration of the pulsed current from the peak to 10% of the peak is no more than 4.5 ms. The detailed design of the PPSs has been discussed in this paper, and the discharge test of the PPSs is carried out to verify the design of the PPSs.
High-power, fiber–laser-based source for magic-wavelength trapping in neutral-atom optical clocks
Authors: Eckner William J. , Young Aaron W. , Schine Nathan , Kaufman Adam M. 
Published: September 2021

We present a continuous-wave, 810 nm laser with watt-level powers. Our system is based on difference-frequency generation of 532 and 1550 nm fiber lasers in a single pass through periodically poled lithium niobate. We measure the broadband spectral noise and relative intensity noise to be compatible with off-resonant dipole trapping of ultracold atoms. Given the large bandwidth of the fiber amplifiers, the output can be optimized for a range of wavelengths, including the strontium clock-magic-wavelength of 813 nm. Furthermore, with the exploration of more appropriate nonlinear crystals, we believe that there is a path toward scaling this proof-of-principle design to many watts of power and that this approach could provide a robust, rack-mountable trapping laser for future use in strontium-based optical clocks.
Prediction on the theoretical strength of diamond, c-BN, Cu, and CeO2
Authors: Liu Zhao , Wang Biao 
Published: September 2021

The theoretical (ideal) strength is the upper strength limit that any solid can withstand. Estimation of the theoretical strength of materials is vital for their applications. In the materials science field, the Griffith theory is the most widely used criterion for estimating the theoretical strength of materials, which sets an upper bound strength of ∼E/9. In addition, Frenkel and Orowan–Polanyi’s derivation from the force–displacement relationship using the sinusoidal correlation also gives a similar value of ∼E/10. Recently, with the improved quality of fabricated samples, people have reported the possibility of reaching or exceeding the theoretical strength. In this work, first-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) are used to study the theoretical strength of four representative materials (diamond, c-BN, Cu, and CeO2) under uniaxial tensile loading along the low-index crystallographic directions. The results demonstrate that the theoretical strength of materials exhibits strong anisotropy. It is found that the ideal strength calculated by DFT is larger than the ideal strength predicted by Griffith theory or the approximate value of E/10 in all the four materials along some specific directions. This discrepancy is explained by the analysis of the fracture mechanism. In addition, based on the stability analysis of thermodynamical systems, the strength criterion based on the energy–strain relation was established, which is verified by the DFT results.
Distinct roles of nuclear basket proteins in directing the passage of mRNA through the nuclear pore
Authors: Li Yichen , Aksenova Vasilisa , Tingey Mark , Yu Jingjie , Ma Ping , Arnaoutov Alexei , Chen Shane , Dasso Mary , Yang Weidong 
Published: September 2021

Significance
The nuclear pore complex (NPC) consisting of hundreds of proteins embeds into the nuclear envelope and functions as a selectively permeable barrier regulating the bidirectional trafficking of macromolecules between the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells. However, the exact copy number and the specific function of each composite protein within the NPC remain vague. To interrogate this gap in knowledge, in this paper, we utilized a high-speed single-molecule microscopy in conjunction with highly specific auxin-inducible degron strategies to detail the stoichiometric ratio of NPC’s nuclear basket proteins and also reveal their distinct roles in mediating nuclear export of messenger RNAs. The demonstrated techniques might also serve as an effective model for characterizing other large macromolecule complexes.
Chronic UV radiation–induced RORγt+ IL-22–producing lymphoid cells are associated with mutant KC clonal expansion
Authors: Lewis Julia M. , Monico Patrick F. , Mirza Fatima N. , Xu Suzanne , Yumeen Sara , Turban Jack L. , Galan Anjela , Girardi Michael 
Published: September 2021

SignificanceUltraviolet (UV) exposure from the sun is the greatest risk factor for skin cancer. Toward preventive strategies, we elucidated the immune pathways critical to skin cancer development and identified specific cells and signals associated with mutated skin cell growth. UV light and Langerhans cells cooperate to induce lymphoid cells that produce interleukin-22 locally and are associated with mutant skin cell growth. This effect is highly dependent on the differentiation factor RORγt that can be inhibited with a topical agent. Such skin cancer–supporting immune cells were identified with distinctive markers: RORγt+ Sca-1+ CD103+ ICOS+ CD2+/−CCR6+ intracellular CD3+. Together, these data elucidate key immune components of UV-induced skin cancer that may represent targets for skin cancer prevention.
FGF-2–dependent signaling activated in aged human skeletal muscle promotes intramuscular adipogenesis
Authors: Mathes Sebastian , Fahrner Alexandra , Ghoshdastider Umesh , Rüdiger Hannes A. , Leunig Michael , Wolfrum Christian , Krützfeldt Jan 
Published: September 2021

SignificanceA unique feature of muscle during aging, obesity, and type 2 diabetes is the appearance of adipose tissue between skeletal muscle fibers, the intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT). IMAT is generally associated with insulin resistance, decreased muscle strength, and, in older adults, impaired mobility. However, the molecular cues that cause the pathological formation of IMAT are currently unknown. This work uncovers a conserved FGF-2–mediated signaling axis that up-regulates the expression of microRNA-29a, triggering a decrease of the adipogenic inhibitor SPARC and increased fat formation in aged skeletal muscle. We show that FGF-2–dependent signaling modulates the fate of fibro/adipogenic progenitors and their propensity to differentiate to intramuscular adipocytes, which reveal therapeutic opportunities to prevent IMAT formation in human skeletal muscle.
Influenza A viruses balance ER stress with host protein synthesis shutoff
Authors: Mazel-Sanchez Beryl , Iwaszkiewicz Justyna , Bonifacio Joao P. P. , Silva Filo , Niu Chengyue , Strohmeier Shirin , Eletto Davide , Krammer Florian , Tan Gene , Zoete Vincent , Hale Benjamin G. , Schmolke Mirco 
Published: September 2021

Significance
As intracellular parasites, viruses depend on the host cell machinery to produce and fold viral proteins. Because the capacity to fold proteins is limited, excessive viral translation of glycoproteins leads to ER stress. Unresolved ER stress drives host cells into apoptosis. We identify the expression of neuraminidase as the molecular source of influenza A virus–induced ER stress. The virus naturally balances it by the limitation of host protein production through the viral host shutoff protein NS1. The host cell mounts an unfolded protein response, creating additional protein folding reserves. Ultimately, the virus uses the stress-induced protein production capacities of the host cell to its own replication advantage.
The neural basis for violations of Weber’s law in self-motion perception
Authors: Carriot Jerome , Cullen Kathleen E. , Chacron Maurice J. 
Published: September 2021

Significance
An unanswered question is why perceptual performance consistently exceeds that predicted from Weber’s law across sensory modalities. Here, we provide a neural basis for such violations of Weber’s law. Specifically, we demonstrate that the structure of variability in vestibular thalamocortical neurons gives rise to the improvement in neural discrimination performance required to explain previous perceptual results. Our results not only have important consequences for understanding how sensory pathways generate perception but also provide an unexpected function for neural variability. Moreover, our findings make an important contribution by suggesting that improved perceptual discrimination performance observed across modalities is a signature of optimized coding in the brain when neural variability is taken into account.
Lipids modulate the BH3-independent membrane targeting and activation of BAX and Bcl-xL
Authors: Vasquez-Montes Victor , Rodnin Mykola V. , Kyrychenko Alexander , Ladokhin Alexey S. 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Here, we characterize a mechanism that modulates the membrane targeting, refolding, and activation of the apoptotic regulators BAX and Bcl-xL in the absence of their canonical activators (BH3-only effector proteins). The critical component of the suggested mechanism is the enrichment of the mitochondrial outer membrane with anionic lipids, primarily cardiolipin. This lipid-dependent activation is found to be coupled to the presence of physiologically relevant concentrations of divalent cations. Membrane insertion of Bcl-xL results in the release of the BH4 regulatory domain from the folded structure, leading to inhibition of pore formation by BAX. These results provide a mechanistic rationale for recent cellular studies that demonstrate the mitochondrial localization and activity of BAX and Bcl-xL in cells lacking BH3-only effectors.
Self-mediated positive selection of T cells sets an obstacle to the recognition of nonself
Authors: Koncz Balázs , Balogh Gergő M. , Papp Benjamin T. , Asztalos Leó , Kemény Lajos , Manczinger Máté 
Published: September 2021

SignificanceIt is well established that peptides that are dissimilar to human proteins are more immunogenic. However, the immune system is still unable to recognize a large fraction of highly dissimilar peptides found in a wide variety of pathogens. We propose that this phenomenon could be explained by the mechanism of T cell positive selection. During this process, only those cells survive that recognize human peptides on the surface of thymic epithelial cells. As self-peptides mediate positive selection, the immune system is unable to recognize many nonself peptides, most of which are highly dissimilar to human peptides.
Task complexity moderates group synergy
Authors: Almaatouq Abdullah , Alsobay Mohammed , Yin Ming , Watts Duncan J. 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Scientists and managers alike have been preoccupied with the question of whether and, if so, under what conditions groups of interacting problem solvers outperform autonomous individuals. Here we describe an experiment in which individuals and groups were evaluated on a series of tasks of varying complexity. We find that groups are as fast as the fastest individual and more efficient than the most efficient individual when the task is complex but not when the task is simple. We then precisely quantify synergistic gains and process losses associated with interacting groups, finding that the balance between the two depends on complexity. Our study has the potential to reconcile conflicting findings about group synergy in previous work.
A therapeutic convection–enhanced macroencapsulation device for enhancing β cell viability and insulin secretion
Authors: Yang Kisuk , O’Cearbhaill Eoin D. , Liu Sophie S. , Zhou Angela , Chitnis Girish D. , Hamilos Allison E. , Xu Jun , Verma Mohan K. S. , Giraldo Jaime A. , Kudo Yoshimasa , Lee Eunjee A. , Lee Yuhan , Pop Ramona , Langer Robert , Melton Douglas A. , Greiner Dale L. , Karp Jeffrey M. 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β cells and it burdens millions worldwide. T1D patients typically require the life-long administration of insulin or immunosuppressive agents following transplantation. A macroencapsulation device (MED) acts as a bioartificial pancreas and can immunoprotect encapsulated β cells. However, conventional MEDs suffer from limited, cell-loading capacity and slow, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) because of the sole reliance on diffusion. Here, we developed a convection-enhanced MED (ceMED) to afford 3D capsule geometry for maximized cell loading and faster GSIS driven by convection. Overall, we demonstrated that the ceMED significantly improves nutrient exchange that enhances cell viability and GSIS, ultimately leading to a rapid reduction of hyperglycemia.
Emerging forest–peatland bistability and resilience of European peatland carbon stores
Authors: van der Velde Ype , Temme Arnaud J. A. M. , Nijp Jelmer J. , Braakhekke Maarten C. , van Voorn George A. K. , Dekker Stefan C. , Dolman A. Johannes , Wallinga Jakob , Devito Kevin J. , Kettridge Nicholas , Mendoza Carl A. , Kooistra Lammert , Soons Merel B. , Teuling Adriaan J. 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Peatlands are sensitive ecosystems that store carbon and water and support biodiversity. Currently, European peatlands are threatened by climate change and exploitation. In this study, we show that many landscape settings may support both wetland ecosystems on thick peat soils and forest ecosystems on thin organic soils. Both ecosystems have distinctly different water–carbon dynamics that create internal positive feedbacks, allowing both ecosystems to coexist (bistability) but also to shift when critical limits are exceeded. With this new landscape perspective, we find that currently, 20% of European raised bogs are threatened by climate change and drainage. This study demonstrates that a landscape perspective including interactions between peatlands, forests, and rivers is essential to understand and steer the future of peatlands.
Calmodulin extracts the Ras family protein RalA from lipid bilayers by engagement with two membrane-targeting motifs
Authors: Chamberlain Samuel G. , Gohlke Andrea , Shafiq Arooj , Squires Iolo J. , Owen Darerca , Mott Helen R. 
Published: September 2021

Significance
RalA and RalB are membrane-attached small GTPases that are crucial for tumorigenesis and uncontrolled growth in Ras-driven cancers. The C-terminal tails of several Ras and Rho family small G proteins, which are lipidated in vivo, bind to the calcium sensor calmodulin. We have solved the structure of calmodulin in complex with the lipidated C-terminal tail of RalA and show that complex formation leads to RalA being removed from the lipid bilayer. We propose a mechanism for membrane removal of RalA, helping to shed light on the regulatory role that calmodulin plays in Ral signaling. This structure of a lipidated small G protein tail in complex with calmodulin may give clues about calmodulin interactions with other small G proteins, including K-Ras4B.