bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cropland‐to‐Miscanthus conversion alters soil bacterial and archaeal communities influencing N‐cycle in Northern China
Authors: Zhao Chunqiao , Li Xiaona , Yue Yuesen , Hou Xincun , Guo Qiang , Song Jinku , Li Cui , Zhang Weiwei , Wang Chao , Hou Yanhui , Fan Ranran , Shi Ruishuang , Fan Xifeng , Wu Juying 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMiscanthus spp. are increasingly cultivated in cropland worldwide due to their bioenergy potential and multiple ecological services. Effects of long‐term cropland‐to‐Miscanthus conversion without N fertilizer on soil microbiome and N cycling largely remain unknown. We aimed to explore the effects of Miscanthus conversion on soil microbiome and N cycling over a 15‐year period. We analyzed diversity, composition, and abundance of bacterial and archaeal communities using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, and abundances of N‐cycling‐related genes using quantitative polymerase chain reaction of 0–10 cm soils collected from bare land, cropland, 10‐year Miscanthus × giganteus, and 15‐year Miscanthus sacchriflorus land in Beijing. Conversion decreased soil sand and micro‐aggregate proportion, nitrate N (NiN), available phosphorus levels, conductivity, temperature, and pH, while increasing proportion of soil clay and macro‐aggregate (MAA), soil organic C (SOC), available N (AN), exchangeable Mg2+ (EMg2+), and available potassium (AK) contents as well as microbial C/N. Consequently, diversity, composition, and abundance of soil bacterial community exhibited larger changes than those values of archaeal community after conversion. Soil AP, EMg2+, AK, and SOC were key factors in shifting microbiome from the cropland to Miscanthus pattern. Moreover, abundances of bacterial and archaeal communities and the N fixer gene nifH increased, whereas that of the bacterial ammonia monooxygenase gene decreased. The copies of other N‐cycling‐related genes in the two Miscanthus lands seemed similar to those values of cropland. The nifH copies negatively correlated with soil NiN and positively correlated with AN, EMg2+, ECa2+, SOC, AK, and MAA. We conclude that changes in soil microbiome pattern induced by the variation of soil properties enhance microbial N fixation potential, maintaining stable N levels and robust N cycling with lower N leakage risk after conversion. These results should inspire farmers and governments to large‐scale use Miscanthus on marginal cropland in Northern China.
The relationship between alcohol intake and falls hospitalization: Results from the EPIC‐Norfolk
Authors: Tan Guo Jeng , Tan Maw Pin , Luben Robert N , Wareham Nicholas J , Khaw Kay‐Tee , Myint Phyo Kyaw 
Published: June 2021

AimTo evaluate the relationship between habitual alcohol consumption and the risk of falls hospitalization.MethodsThe EPIC‐Norfolk is a prospective population‐based cohort study in Norfolk, UK. In total, 25 637 community dwelling adults aged 40–79 years were recruited. Units of alcohol consumed per week were measured using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire. The main outcome was the first hospital admission following a fall.ResultsOver a median follow‐up period of 11.5 years (299 211 total person years), the cumulative incidence function (95% confidence interval) of hospitalized falls at 121–180 months for non‐users, light (>0 to ≤7 units/week), moderate (>7 to ≤28 units/week) and heavy (>28 units/week) were 11.08 (9.94–12.35), 7.53 (7.02–8.08), 5.91 (5.29–6.59) and 8.20 (6.35–10.56), respectively. Moderate alcohol consumption was independently associated with a reduced risk of falls hospitalization after adjustment for most major confounders (hazard ratio = 0.88; 95% confidence interval 0.79–0.99). The relationship between light alcohol consumption and falls hospitalization was attenuated by gender differences. Alcohol intake higher than the recommended threshold of 28 units/week was associated with an increased risk of falls hospitalization (hazard ratio 1.40 [1.14–1.73]).ConclusionsModerate alcohol consumption appears to be associated with a reduced risk of falls hospitalization, and intake above the recommended limit is associated with an increased risk. This provides incentive to limit alcohol consumption within the recommended range and has important implications for public health policies for aging populations. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 657–663.
YAP1–TFE3 gene fusion variant in clear cell stromal tumour of lung: report of two cases in support of a distinct entity
Authors: Dermawan Josephine K. , Azzato Elizabeth M. , McKenney Jesse K. , Liegl‐Atzwanger Bernadette , Rubin Brian P. 
Published: June 2021

AimsClear cell (haemangioblastoma‐like) stromal tumour of the lung is a newly described, rare pulmonary neoplasm. Recurrent YAP1–TFE3 gene fusions have recently been reported in three cases. We describe two additional cases and confirm the characteristic YAP1–TFE3 gene fusion.Methods and resultsTwo mesenchymal tumours of lung were identified from our soft tissue pathology consultation services and RNA sequencing was performed. Both cases were in male patients, aged 35 and 77 years. Both presented as solitary lung nodules measuring 3.9 and 7.5 cm in greatest dimension. Histopathologically, the tumours were composed of epithelioid to plump spindle cells arranged in packets and solid sheets. The cells showed fusiform to ovoid nuclei with open chromatin, variably prominent nucleoli and scant to moderate, clear to eosinophilic cytoplasm. Cytological atypia and significant mitotic activity were minimal. None of the tumours expressed lineage‐specific immunophenotypical markers. Both cases were diffusely positive for nuclear TFE3. Unlike YAP1–TFE3‐fused epithelioid haemangioendothelioma, for which the fusion breakpoint occurs in YAP1 exon 1 and TFE3 exons 4 or 6, the fusion breakpoints of these tumours were located in YAP1 exon 4 and TFE3 exon 7. Following complete surgical resection, neither of the tumours has recurred or metastasised (follow‐up period 6–7 months).ConclusionsWe validate the presence of YAP1–TFE3 gene fusion in a unique primary mesenchymal tumour of lung, adding additional support for clear cell stromal tumour of the lung as a distinct entity.
Elevated transaminases potentiate the risk for emerging dysglycemia in children with overweight and obesity
Authors: Koutny Florian , Stein Robert , Kiess Wieland , Weghuber Daniel , Körner Antje 
Published: June 2021

SummaryBackgroundThere is evidence that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) increases the risk for dysglycemia in children in cross‐sectional studies. However, the extent to which NAFLD may confer the risk for dysglycemia in longitudinal studies remains uncertain.ObjectivesWe investigated whether elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) as a proxy for NAFLD can serve as a predictor for future dysglycemia among children.MethodsWe performed survival analysis up to 11 years of follow‐up on longitudinal data of 510 children with overweight and obesity from the Leipzig Childhood Cohort.ResultsChildren with overweight/obesity and elevated ALT values had a more than 2‐fold increased risk (hazard ratio 2.59, 95% confidence interval 1.49 to 4.50; P < 0.01) for future dysglycemia independent of age, sex and BMI‐SDS.ConclusionsElevated transaminases are an early predictor for glycemic deterioration. Hence, NAFLD should further be addressed as a risk factor and therapeutic target for the early prevention of type 2 diabetes.
The economically rich refugees: A case study of the business operations of Istanbul‐based Syrian refugee businesspeople
Authors: Chang Ching‐An 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn sharp contrast to the orthodox understanding of refugees as resourceless and disadvantaged victims, this article examines the impact that business operations of Istanbul‐based Syrian refugee businesspeople have on their host economy, as well as determining which factors contribute to overcoming the social and legal challenges that prevent them from building their livelihoods. Since the impact of refugees on host countries is one of the main factors in a two‐way process of integration between hosts and migrants, the analysis also takes into account the Turkish businesspeople's perspectives on Syrians. I argue that a reinvestigation of the diverse socio‐economic make‐up of refugees is crucial for examining refugees’ impact on host countries and for the planning of refugee policies, since the strategies refugees apply for overcoming (or alleviating) the challenges they encounter in the host countries are closely related to their pre‐refuged capital and can be transferred to the host countries.
Abrupt change to telephone follow‐up clinics in a regional rheumatology service during COVID‐19: analysis of treatment decisions
Authors: Mair Jonathan , Woolley Michelle , Grainger Rebecca 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDuring the 2020 COVID‐19 lockdown our rheumatology service provided follow up by phone. We reviewed clinic documents to compare patients serviced, and patient assessment and treatment outcomes. More patients received care during the lockdown but patient rheumatic disease was deemed active less frequently, more patients had no change to disease‐modifying anti‐rheumatic drugs and patients were less likely to have an intervention arranged. This suggests careful patient selection and appropriate infrastructure should be part of future rheumatology telemedicine.
Optimising participation of persons with cognitive impairment in a national dementia registry: challenges and solutions
Authors: Lin Xiaoping , Wallis Kasey , Ahern Susannah , Brodaty Henry , Rowe Christopher , Kain Barbara , Lambourne Sally , McNeil John , Ward Stephanie A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractClinical quality registries are increasingly utilised to monitor and improve healthcare quality. Opt‐out consent is recommended to maximise participation and ensure validity of data, however, presents specific considerations when including persons with impaired decision‐making abilities. This paper describes the innovative Australian Dementia Network Registry recruitment framework designed to optimise inclusion of people with dementia and mild cognitive impairment.
Broncho‐alveolar lavage in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome due to COVID‐19
Authors: Cornelissen Christian G. , Bergs Ingmar , Müller Annegret G. , Daher Ayham , Kersten Alexander , Balfanz Paul , Lemmen Sebastian , Marx Gernot , Marx Nikolaus , Dreher Michael , Müller Tobias 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAs data about microbiological testing and the cellular composition of the broncho‐alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid in patients ventilated due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) are lacking, this was investigated in a retrospective analysis (n = 58). Co‐infection with pathogens was detected in 31 patients, whereas the analysis of BAL cellularity showed an increased total cell count and an alveolitis dominated by neutrophils. None of the physicians performing bronchoscopies in COVID‐19 patients had serological evidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection.
An audit of the effect of SGLT2 inhibitor cessation in a pre‐admission clinic before and after Australian Diabetes Society guidelines
Authors: Fookeerah Prishila , Law Henry , Ali Farheen , Chatten Katherine , Kim Claire , Cheung Ngai Wah 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPerioperative ketoacidosis is an important adverse event related to the use of sodium glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i). We compared perioperative outcomes in patients on SGLT2i, before and after protocolised pre‐operative cessation of the drug. There were no cases of clinically detected diabetic ketoacidosis in the 96 patients included in the study. Withdrawal of SGLT2i did not appear to alter significantly pre‐operative glycaemia.
In‐doped LiCa2.98MgV3O12 rare‐earth‐free phosphor with a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 67.4%
Authors: Lv Yixuan , Shi Le , Shi Jian‐Wen , Zhang Yijun , Ma Dandan , Cheng Yonghong , Niu Chunming 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRare earth resources applied in numerous novel materials, are increasingly scarce in worldwide. Meanwhile, great attention has been focused on the blue rare‐earth‐free fluorescent phosphors as an excitation source of near‐ultraviolet (NUV) chips, which are available in white‐light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs) that combined with yellow commercial phosphors. Many solutions have been found to improve the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of phosphor. In this study, we effectively increased PLQY by introducing indium ion to vanadate garnet phosphor forming a series of LiCa3−XMgV3O12: xIn3+ (x = 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.10). The resultant In‐doped vanadate garnet phosphors exhibit a relative increase in PLQY, and the optimal phosphors is LiCa2.98MgV3O12: 0.02In3+ with a PLQY as high as 67.4%. These In‐doped vanadate garnet phosphors have a broad emission at 480 under 320 nm where near UV‐light excitation. It is revealed that the distortion of V‐V and V‐O bond length in [VO4] crystal structure and unit cell volume data of phosphors have an extensive influence on PLQY. Therefore, these novel vanadate garnet phosphors can be the essential blue color choice for WLED devices application in illumination.
Super‐resolved local recruitment of CLDN5 to filtration slits implicates a direct relationship with podocyte foot process effacement
Authors: Tesch Florian , Siegerist Florian , Hay Eleonora , Artelt Nadine , Daniel Christoph , Amann Kerstin , Zimmermann Uwe , Kavvadas Panagiotis , Grisk Olaf , Chadjichristos Christos , Endlich Karlhans , Chatziantoniou Christos , Endlich Nicole 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUnder healthy conditions, foot processes of neighbouring podocytes are interdigitating and connected by an electron‐dense slit diaphragm. Besides slit diaphragm proteins, typical adherens junction proteins are also found to be expressed at this cell‐cell junction. It is therefore considered as a highly specialized type of adherens junction. During podocyte injury, podocyte foot processes lose their characteristic 3D structure and the filtration slits typical meandering structure gets linearized. It is still under debate how this change of structure leads to the phenomenon of proteinuria. Using super‐resolution 3D‐structured illumination microscopy, we observed a spatially restricted up‐regulation of the tight junction protein claudin‐5 (CLDN5) in areas where podocyte processes of patients suffering from minimal change disease (MCD), focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) as well as in murine nephrotoxic serum (NTS) nephritis and uninephrectomy DOCA‐salt hypertension models, were locally injured. CLDN5/nephrin ratios in human glomerulopathies and NTS‐treated mice were significantly higher compared to controls. In patients, the CLDN5/nephrin ratio is significantly correlated with the filtration slit density as a foot process effacement marker, confirming a direct association of local CLDN5 up‐regulation in injured foot processes. Moreover, CLDN5 up‐regulation was observed in some areas of high filtration slit density, suggesting that CLND5 up‐regulation preceded the changes of foot processes. Therefore, CLDN5 could serve as a biomarker predicting early foot process effacement.
Cognitive control processes in behavior therapy for youth with Tourette’s disorder
Authors: McGuire Joseph F. , Sturm Alexandra , Ricketts Emily J. , Montalbano Gabrielle E. , Chang Susanna , Loo Sandra K. , Woods Douglas W. , McCracken James , Piacentini John 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundCognitive control processes are implicated in the behavioral treatment of Tourette’s disorder (TD). However, the influence of these processes on treatment outcomes has received minimal attention. This study examined whether cognitive control processes and/or tic suppression predicted reductions in tic severity and treatment response to behavior therapy.MethodFifty‐three youth with TD or a pervasive tic disorder participated in a randomized wait list‐controlled trial of behavior therapy. Following a baseline assessment to evaluate psychiatric diagnoses, tic severity, and cognitive control processes (e.g., response selection, inhibition, and suppression), youth were randomly assigned to receive eight sessions of behavior therapy (n = 23) or a wait list of equal duration (n = 28). Youth receiving immediate treatment completed a post‐treatment assessment to determine improvement in tic severity. Meanwhile, youth in the wait list condition completed another assessment to re‐evaluate tic severity and cognitive control processes, and subsequently received 8 sessions of behavior therapy followed by a post‐treatment assessment to determine improvement.ResultsA multiple linear regression model found that pretreatment inhibition/switching on the Delis‐Kaplan Executive Function System Color‐Word Interference Test predicted reductions in tic severity after behavior therapy (β = −.36, t = −2.35, p = .025, ƞ2 = .15). However, other cognitive control processes and tic suppression did not predict treatment response and/or reductions in tic severity. Small nonsignificant effects were observed in cognitive control processes after behavior therapy.ConclusionCognitive control processes may influence tic severity reductions in behavior therapy. Notably, even when other cognitive control processes are impaired and youth are initially unable to voluntarily suppress their tics, youth with TD can still benefit from behavior therapy. Findings offer implications for clinical practice and research for TD.
Childhood epidermal necrolysis and erythema multiforme major: a multicentre French cohort study of 62 patients
Authors: Giraud‐Kerleroux L. , Bellon N. , Welfringer‐Morin A. , Leclerc‐Mercier S. , Costedoat I. , Coquin J. , Brun A. , Roguedas‐Contios A.‐M. , Bernier C. , Milpied B. , Tétart F. , Du Thanh A. , Cordel N. , Bensaid B. , Fargeas C. , Tauber M. , Renolleau S. , Boralevi F. , Ingen‐Housz‐Oro S. , Bodemer C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe distinction between epidermal necrolysis [EN; including Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and overlap syndrome] and erythema multiforme major (EMM) in children is confusing. We aimed to better describe and compare these entities.Materials and methodsThis French retrospective multicentre study included children ≤18 years old referred for EN or EMM between 1 January 2008 and 1 March 2019. According to pictures, children were reclassified into TEN/overlap, SJS or EMM/unclassified (SJS/EMM) groups and compared for epidemiological and clinical data, triggers, histology and follow‐up.ResultsWe included 62 children [43 boys, median age 10 years (range 3–18)]: 16 with TEN/overlap, 11 SJS and 35 EMM. The main aetiologies were drugs in EN and infections (especially Mycoplasma pneumoniae) in EMM (P < 0.001), but 35% of cases remained idiopathic (TEN/overlap, 47%; SJS, 24%; EMM, 34%). The typical target lesions predominated in EMM (P < 0.001), the trunk was more often affected in EN (P < 0.001), and the body surface area involved was more extensive in EN (P < 0.001). Mucosal involvement did not differ between the groups. Two patients with idiopathic TEN died. Histology of EMM and EN showed similar features. The recurrence rate was 42% with EMM, 7% with TEN/overlap and 0 with SJS (P < 0.001). Sequelae occurred in 75% of EN but involved 55% of EMM.ConclusionClinical features of EN and EMM appeared well demarcated, with few overlapping cases. Idiopathic forms were frequent, especially for EN, meaning that a wide and thorough infectious screening, repeated if needed, is indicated for all paediatric cases of EN/EMM without any trigger drug. We propose a comprehensive panel of investigations which could be a standard work‐up in such situation. Sequelae affected both EN and EMM.
Knowledge about, attitude toward, and practices in skin care among Thai adolescents
Authors: Nitiyarom Rattanavalai , Banomyong Narin , Wisuthsarewong Wanee 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundSkin care for maintaining skin integrity includes cleansing, skin product use, and photoprotection. Inappropriate skin care can lead to skin problems.AimsTo evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practices in skin care among Thai adolescents.Patients/MethodsQuestionnaire‐based, descriptive, cross‐sectional study.ResultsA total of 588 Thai adolescent students (mean age: 15.6 ± 1.8 years, 50.5% female) were included. Of those who responded, 99.5% knew the benefits of cleansing, and 95.9% knew the benefits of skin care products. Skin products, moisturizer, and sunscreen were used by 87.8%, 80.8%, and 71.5% of students, respectively. Female teenagers used moisturizers, cosmetics, and sunscreen significantly more than males (p = 0.001, p = 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). High school teenagers applied cosmetics more than junior high school teenagers (p = 0.004). Ninety‐three percent of adolescents knew the effects of sunlight, but only 27.4% regularly applied sunscreen. The sources of knowledge were from person, online social media, print media, and television/radio in 88.5%, 77.5%, 30.7%, and 26.1%, respectively. Data from physicians and parents were trusted by 65.3% and 64.2%, respectively. Most (74.1%) adolescents searched for data from more than 1 source. Adolescent females and high school adolescents demonstrated significantly more accurate knowledge and practice in cleansing and photoprotection (p < 0.001) compared with adolescent males and junior high school adolescents. Knowledge and practices did not significantly correlate with underlying skin diseases or monthly allowance.ConclusionGender and education level were found to significantly influence knowledge and practice in skin care among adolescents in Thailand.
Preoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging versus Intraoperative Frozen Section Diagnosis for Predicting the Deep Myometrial Invasion in Endometrial Cancer: Our Experience and Literature Review
Authors: Iitsuka Chiaki , Asami Yuka , Hirose Yusuke , Nagashima Minoru , Mimura Takashi , Miyamoto Shingo , Onuki Mamiko , Ohgiya Yoshimitsu , Kushima Miki , Sekizawa Akihiko , Matsumoto Koji 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimThe present study was designed to directly compare the diagnostic performance of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and intraoperative frozen section (FS) diagnoses in predicting deep myometrial invasion (MI) of endometrial cancer.MethodsUsing MRI findings and FS diagnoses, 194 patients with surgically staged endometrial cancer were evaluated for deep MI between 2006 and 2018. Definitive histological diagnosis of paraffin sections of excised tissues was used as the gold standard approach.ResultsOf 194 cases, 53 (27.3%) cases were finally diagnosed as having deep MI (≥50%). There was 82% total agreement between MRI and FS diagnoses in predicting deep MI, with a kappa value of 0.54 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.40–0.67, moderate agreement). The sensitivity of FS diagnosis (0.66, 95% CI = 0.52–0.78) for predicting deep MI was lower than that of MRI (0.77, 95% CI = 0.63–0.87; p = 0.21), while the specificity of FS (0.98, 95% CI = 0.93–0.99) was significantly higher than that of MRI (0.88, 95% CI = 0.81–0.93; p = 0.001). Overall, the accuracy of FS (0.89, 95% CI = 0.84–0.93) was higher than that of MRI (0.85, 95% CI = 0.79–0.90), although the difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.23). The accuracy (0.95, 95% CI = 0.90–0.97) was very high in cases with concordant MRI and FS results.ConclusionsMRI and FS showed different diagnostic characteristics for predicting deep MI, with a higher specificity observed for FS and the greatest accuracy obtained in concordant cases. Thus, our findings recommend the addition of FS diagnosis, either alone or in conjunction with MRI, to MI evaluation.