bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Donor–Acceptor‐Type Organic‐Small‐Molecule‐Based Solar‐Energy‐Absorbing Material for Highly Efficient Water Evaporation and Thermoelectric Power Generation
Authors: Cui Yuanyuan , Liu Jing , Li Zhiqiang , Ji Mingyang , Zhao Meng , Shen Meihua , Han Xue , Jia Tao , Li Chenglong , Wang Yue 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRecently, owing to the great structural tunability, excellent photothermal property, and strong photobleaching resistance, organic‐small‐molecule photothermal materials are proposed as promising solar absorbent materials. Herein, through fusing two strong electron‐withdrawing units dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline and anthraquinone units, a rigid planar acceptor dibenzo[a,c]naphtho[2,3‐h]phenazine‐8,13‐dione (PDN) with stronger electron‐withdrawing ability is obtained and used to construct donor–acceptor‐type organic‐small‐molecule solar‐energy‐absorbing material, 2,17‐bis(diphenylamino)dibenzo[a,c]naphtho[2,3‐h]phenazine‐8,13‐dione (DDPA‐PDN). The new compound exhibits a strong intramolecular charge transfer character and conjugates rigid plane skeleton, endowing it with a broadband optical absorption from 300 to 850 nm in the solid state, favorable photothermal properties, high photothermal conversion ability, and good photobleaching resistance. Under laser irradiation at 655 nm, the solid photothermal conversion efficiency of the resulting DDPA‐PDN molecule reaches 56.23%. Additionally, DDPA‐PDN‐loaded cellulose papers equipped with abundant microchannels for water flow are integrated with thermoelectric devices, thus achieving an evaporation rate and voltage as high as 1.07 kg m−2 h−1 and 83 mV under 1 kW m−2 solar irradiation, respectively. This study demonstrates the application of photothermal organic‐small‐molecules in water evaporation and power generation, therefore offering a valuable prospect of their utilization in solar energy harvesting.
Eco‐Friendly Colorimetric Nanofiber Design: Halochromic Sensors with Tunable pH‐Sensing Regime Based on 2‐Ethyl‐2‐Oxazoline and 2‐n‐Butyl‐2‐Oxazoline Statistical Copolymers Functionalized with Alizarin Yellow R
Authors: Schoolaert Ella , Merckx Ronald , Becelaere Jana , Rijssegem Serge , Hoogenboom Richard , De Clerck Karen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractColorimetric nanofibers provide visual, easy‐to‐interpret sensors for personal use as well as advanced applications. The potential of 2‐n‐butyl‐2‐oxazoline (B) and 2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline (E) statistical copolymers as a universal, versatile support platform for nanofibrous halochromic sensor design is demonstrated. These polymers are electrospinnable from eco‐friendly solvent systems, while wettability, moist adsorption capacity, and water‐solubility of the membranes can be easily tuned by changing the B/E monomer ratio, ensuring wide applicability. The halochromic sensing functionality is introduced by incorporating the alizarin yellow R (AYR) chromophore, which is covalently modified with an ethyl ester‐group or a short poly(2‐n‐butyl‐2‐oxazoline) chain, which is demonstrated to simultaneously prevent dye‐leaching and allows tuning of the halochromic pH‐sensing window. The colorimetric nanofibrous sensors reversibly respond toward aqueous solutions of different pH, (hydrochloric) acid and alkaline (ammonia) vapors, and several biogenic amines with detection limits as low as 5 ppb. Tunability of sensor responsivity, sensitivity, and pKa via manipulation of dye–polymer interactions, determined by support polymer structure and semi‐crystallinity, as well as the chain length of the AYR‐modified polymer, are discussed. Preliminary proof‐of‐principle studies indicate the potential of the developed sensors for sub‐ppm biogenic amine vapor detection, which may serve as the basis for future applications in food packaging or breath analysis.
Sulfated Alginate Hydrogels Prolong the Therapeutic Potential of MSC Spheroids by Sequestering the Secretome
Authors: Gionet‐Gonzales Marissa , Casella Alena , Diloretto Daphne , Ginnell Clara , Griffin Katherine H. , Bigot Anne , Leach J. Kent 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCell‐based approaches to tissue repair suffer from rapid cell death upon implantation, limiting the window for therapeutic intervention. Despite robust lineage‐specific differentiation potential in vitro, the function of transplanted mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in vivo is largely attributed to their potent secretome comprising a variety of growth factors (GFs). Furthermore, GF secretion is markedly increased when MSCs are formed into spheroids. Native GFs are sequestered within the extracellular matrix (ECM) via sulfated glycosaminoglycans, increasing the potency of GF signaling compared to their unbound form. To address the critical need to prolong the efficacy of transplanted cells, alginate hydrogels are modified with sulfate groups to sequester endogenous heparin‐binding GFs secreted by MSC spheroids. The influence of crosslinking method and alginate modification is assessed on mechanical properties, degradation rate, and degree of sulfate modification. Sulfated alginate hydrogels sequester a mixture of MSC‐secreted endogenous biomolecules, thereby prolonging the therapeutic effect of MSC spheroids for tissue regeneration. GFs are sequestered for longer durations within sulfated hydrogels and retain their bioactivity to regulate endothelial cell tubulogenesis and myoblast infiltration. This platform has the potential to prolong the therapeutic benefit of the MSC secretome and serve as a valuable tool for investigating GF sequestration.
Advances in Microsensors and Wearable Bioelectronics for Digital Stethoscopes in Health Monitoring and Disease Diagnosis
Authors: Lee Sung Hoon , Kim Yun‐Soung , Yeo Woon‐Hong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAcoustic stethoscopes have demonstrated beneficial factors aiding diagnosis from the doctors with accurate body sounds. Still, the conventional acoustic stethoscopes require a substantial amount of clinical experience and hearing skills for the physicians to accurately diagnose symptoms from abnormal sounds. Especially for cardiopulmonary systems, it is crucial to collect sounds with precision since they contain valuable information in specific frequency ranges for various sounds. This review paper summarizes recent advances and technical developments in microsensors, circuits, chips, and integrated electronics for fabricating different digital stethoscopes that offer portable detection of body sounds. They solve the limitations of conventional stethoscopes, aiming for wireless auscultation in digitized medicine. Overall, this comprehensive review will help researchers design and develop new wearable electronics and digital stethoscopes for advancing human healthcare, continuous monitoring, and better diagnosis.
Localized Graphitization on Diamond Surface as a Manifestation of Dopants
Authors: Catalan Francesca Celine I. , Anh Le The , Oh Junepyo , Kazuma Emiko , Hayazawa Norihiko , Ikemiya Norihito , Kamoshida Naoki , Tateyama Yoshitaka , Einaga Yasuaki , Kim Yousoo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDoped diamond electrodes have attracted significant attention for decades owing to their excellent physical and electrochemical properties. However, direct experimental observation of dopant effects on the diamond surface has not been available until now. Here, low‐temperature scanning tunneling microscopy is utilized to investigate the atomic‐scale morphology and electronic structures of (100)‐ and (111)‐oriented boron‐doped diamond (BDD) electrodes. Graphitized domains of a few nanometers are shown to manifest the effects of boron dopants on the BDD surface. Confirmed by first‐principles calculations, local density of states measurements reveal that the electronic structure of these features is characterized by in‐gap states induced by boron‐related lattice deformation. The dopant‐related graphitization is uniquely observed in BDD (111), which explains its electrochemical superiority over the (100) facet. These experimental observations provide atomic‐scale information about the role of dopants in modulating the conductivity of diamond, as well as, possibly, other functional doped materials.
Congener‐Induced Sulfur‐Related Metabolism Interference Therapy Promoted by Photothermal Sensitization for Combating Bacteria
Authors: He Renke , Ding Cheng , Luo Yao , Guo Geyong , Tang Jin , Shen Hao , Wang Qiaojie , Zhang Xianlong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMetabolic homeostasis is vital for individual cells to keep alive. Stronger metabolic homeostasis allows bacteria to survive in vivo and do persistent harm to hosts, which is especially typical in implant‐associated infection (IAI) with biofilm intervention. Herein, based on the competitive role of selenium (Se) and sulfur (S) in bacteria metabolism as congeners, a congener‐induced sulfur‐related metabolism interference therapy (SMIT) eradicating IAI is proposed by specific destruction of bacteria metabolic homeostasis. The original nanodrug manganese diselenide (MnSe2) is devised to generate permeable H2Se in bacteria, triggered by the acidic microenvironment. H2Se, the congener substitution of H2S, as a bacteria‐specific intermediate metabolite, can embed itself into the H2S‐utilization pathway and further alternatively disrupt the downstream sulfur‐related metabolism state inside bacteria. A proteomic study indicates ribosome‐related proteins are heavily downregulated and the basic metabolic pathways are mainly disordered after SMIT, revealing the destruction of bacteria metabolic homeostasis. The efficiency of SMIT is significantly promoted with the mild temperature sensitization provided by the photothermal treatment (PTT) of MnSe2 nanoparticles, verified by the proteomic study and the anti‐IAI effect in vitro and in vivo. With the intelligent nanodrug, a PTT‐promoted SMIT strategy against IAI is provided and a new insight into the interference design toward metabolic homeostasis with biochemical similarity is demonstrated.
Continuous‐Flow Synthesis of Orange Emitting Sn(II)‐Doped CsBr Materials
Authors: Das Adhikari Samrat , Masi Sofia , Echeverría‐Arrondo Carlos , Miralles‐Comins Sara , Sánchez Rafael S. , Fernandes Jesum Alves , Chirvony Vladimir , Martínez‐Pastor Juan P. , Sans Victor , Mora‐Seró Iván 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAn ongoing demand toward lead‐free all‐inorganic cesium metal halide perovskites has presented Sn(II) as an ideal substitute of Pb(II) for applications in optoelectronic devices. The major concern regarding Sn(II) is the instability due to the ambient oxidation to Sn(IV). To expand the scope of traditional perovskite and analogues, herein the synthesis and optical performance of Sn(II)‐doped CsBr, a new material formed by interstitial doping of Sn(II) into the CsBr matrix, are reported for the first time. This material is prepared following an antisolvent mediated recrystallization method using a continuous flow reactor, which is beneficial for scaling up the production compared to traditional batch reactors. Sn(II)‐doped CsBr exhibits broadband orange emission with full‐width‐half‐maximum of 180 nm and a photoluminescence quantum yield of 21.5%. The emission turned to be highly stable over 7 months despite containing Sn(II). It is suggested that this is due to interstitial location of Sn(II) atoms in bulk of microcrystals. A broadband emission and high aerobic stability are attractive properties of the material for white‐light emitting applications.
Interleukin‐33 is a Novel Immunosuppressor that Protects Cancer Cells from TIL Killing by a Macrophage‐Mediated Shedding Mechanism
Authors: Wu Jing , Chen Ziqing , Wickström Stina L. , Gao Juan , He Xingkang , Jing Xu , Wu Jieyu , Du Qiqiao , Yang Muyi , Chen Yi , Zhang Dingding , Yin Xin , Guo Ziheng , Jensen Lasse , Yang Yunlong , Tao Wei , Lundqvist Andreas , Kiessling Rolf , Cao Yihai 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRecognition of specific antigens expressed in cancer cells is the initial process of cytolytic T cell‐mediated cancer killing. However, this process can be affected by other non‐cancerous cellular components in the tumor microenvironment. Here, it is shown that interleukin‐33 (IL‐33)‐activated macrophages protect melanoma cells from tumor‐infiltrating lymphocyte‐mediated killing. Mechanistically, IL‐33 markedly upregulates metalloprotease 9 (MMP‐9) expression in macrophages, which acts as a sheddase to trim NKG2D, an activating receptor expressed on the surface of natural killer (NK) cells, CD8+ T cells, subsets of CD4+ T cells, iNKT cells, and γδ T cells. Further, MMP‐9 also cleaves the MHC class I molecule, cell surface antigen‐presenting complex molecules, expressed in melanoma cells. Consequently, IL‐33‐induced macrophage MMP‐9 robustly mitigates the tumor killing‐effect by T cells. Genetic and pharmacological loss‐of‐function of MMP‐9 sheddase restore T cell‐mediated cancer killing. Together, these data provide compelling in vitro and in vivo evidence showing novel mechanisms underlying the IL‐33‐macrophage‐MMP‐9 axis‐mediated immune tolerance against cancer cells. Targeting each of these signaling components, including IL‐33 and MMP‐9 provides a new therapeutic paradigm for improving anticancer efficacy by immune therapy.
3D Nickel Skeletons as Ultrabroadband Terahertz Absorbers
Authors: Yang Peidi , Dai Mingcong , Xiong Hongting , Hao Sibo , Zhang Weihao , Zhang Baolong , Ouyang Chen , Li Qiao , He Feng , Miao Jungang , Wu Xiaojun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRecent advances in terahertz (THz) absorbing materials and technology show futuristic potentials for practical applications in THz radars and telecommunications, stealth and shielding. However, the lack of versatile materials naturally working in this specific electromagnetic wave region with simultaneously featuring high absorption efficiencies, ultrabroad bandwidths, low‐costs, good stabilities, and flexibilities, is impeding the proliferation of real THz disruptive applications. Here a kind of flexible structure material, 3D nickel (Ni) skeleton, fabricated from an electroplating sintering method with irregular pore distribution makes possible the successful realization of a highly absorbing response for ultrabroadband THz waves due to the effective combination of both material and structural absorption mechanisms. 3D Ni skeletons with 90 ppi nonuniform pore‐size ranges enable >99% absorption capabilities in the frequency range of 0.5–2.0 THz independent on both the THz incidence angles and polarizations. Experimental validation of THz shielding implemented on both 100 GHz and 4.3 THz video imaging systems corroborates the highly efficient absorbing with frequency expansibility. Such capabilities are further verified on millimeter‐wave security checkers for 32–36 GHz. This prototypical demonstration lays the foundation for the next‐generation THz absorbing technology, accelerating advanced THz technologies toward practical applications.
Characterization and management of metsulfuron‐resistant Rumex dentatus biotypes in Northwest India
Authors: Dhanda Sachin , Kaur Simerjeet , Chaudhary Ankur , Jugulam Mithila , Hunjan Mandeep Singh , Sangha Manjeet Kaur , Bhullar Makhan S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEvolution of herbicide resistance in weeds is a serious threat for sustainable crop production. There were reports of poor control of toothed dock (Rumex dentatus L.) with metsulfuron‐methyl herbicide, an acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor used in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at farmers’ fields in Northwest India. Two‐year greenhouse and field studies were conducted to (a) determine the level of metsulfuron resistance in toothed dock biotypes collected from farmers’ fields and (b) find effective herbicides for its management. Metsulfuron‐resistant toothed dock biotypes were 6.8‐ to 23.0‐fold less sensitive relative to the susceptible biotype based on resistance index values. Metabolic herbicide resistance is less likely as there was no evidence of involvement of cytochrome P450s those inhibited by malathion. The resistant toothed dock biotypes had a Trp‐574‐Leu amino acid substitution in the ALS gene. Application of premixes such as metsulfuron methyl plus carfentrazone ethyl (5 + 20 g ha–1) and halauxifen plus fluroxypyr (7.3 + 233.3 g ha–1) resulted in effective control of metsulfuron‐resistant toothed dock biotypes in screenhouse and field studies. This first report elucidating the mechanism of resistance to metsulfuron methyl in toothed dock from India will help in devising sustainable weed management approaches.
Current state of the art in treatment of Mendelian disease: Skeletal dysplasias
Authors: Hoover‐Fong Julie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe current state of the art in treatment of Mendelian disease, specifically skeletal dysplasias, benefits tremendously from Dr. Victor McKusick's early delineation and standardization of the nomenclature surrounding these conditions. Through close observation and careful description of each dysplasia to flesh out the nosologic backbone of the genetic skeletal disorders, individuals with the same diagnosis were identified and grouped together for genetic interrogation. These efforts have resulted in the identification of the genetic etiology of nearly all recognized skeletal disorders. This, in turn, is leading to disease‐specific treatment for many of the skeletal dysplasias in this new era of precision medicine. Furthermore, Dr. McKusick's natural history descriptions of many genetic skeletal disorders helped to establish the baseline disease state against which the effect of new treatment is compared.
PVA/SA/MXene dual‐network conductive hydrogel for wearable sensor to monitor human motions
Authors: Wang Tingting , Wang Jinqing , Li Zhangpeng , Yue Mingqiang , Qing Xiaoli , Zhang Pengxia , Liao Xiaozhu , Fan Zengjie , Yang Shengrong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractConductive hydrogels with high flexibility, superior formability, good mechanical elasticity, and excellent biocompatibility have emerged as promising materials for broad applications in flexible/wearable electronic devices. In this work, a conductive dual‐network PVA/SA/MXene hydrogel (PSM‐h) composed of polyvinyl alcohol, sodium alginate, and MXene (Ti3C2Tx) is constructed by a green method without using chemical crosslinking agents. The resultant hydrogel with dual‐network feature shows excellent cytocompatibility (no toxicity for human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells), high stretchability (up to 263%), and superior anti‐fatigue ability (stretched up to 1000 cycles). More importantly, PSM‐h based strain sensor presents good sensing sensitivity with a fast response time (62.5 ms) and a low detection limit even under a very slight strain of 0.2%. In terms of the practical application, the PSM‐h based strain sensor can be applied to detect and distinguish various human motions.
The menisci are not shock absorbers: A biomechanical and comparative perspective
Authors: Gecelter Rachel C. , Ilyaguyeva Yaffa , Thompson Nathan E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe lateral and medial menisci are fibrocartilaginous structures in the knee that play a crucial role in normal knee biomechanics. However, one commonly cited role of the menisci is that they function as “shock absorbers.” Here we provide a critique of this notion, drawing upon a review of comparative anatomical and biomechanical data from humans and other tetrapods. We first review those commonly, and often exclusively, cited studies in support of a shock absorption function and show that evidence for a shock absorptive function is dubious. We then review the evolutionary and comparative evidence to show that (1) the human menisci are unremarkable in morphology compared with most other tetrapods, and (2) “shock” during locomotion is uncommon, with humans standing out as one of the only tetrapods that regularly experiences high levels of shock during locomotion. A shock‐absorption function does not explain the origin of menisci, nor are human menisci specialized in any way that would explain a unique shock‐absorbing function during human gait. Finally, we show that (3) the material properties of menisci are distinctly poorly suited for energy dissipation and that (4) estimations of meniscal energy absorption based on published data are negligible, both in their absolute amount and in comparison to other well‐accepted structures which mitigate shock during locomotion. The menisci are evolutionarily ancient structures crucial for joint congruity, load distribution, and stress reduction, among a number of other functions. However, the menisci are not meaningful shock absorbers, neither in tetrapods broadly, nor in humans.
Synthesis and Catalytic Activity of Atrane‐type Hard and Soft Lewis Superacids with a Silyl, Germyl, or Stannyl Cationic Center
Authors: Tanaka Daiki , Konishi Akihito , Yasuda Makoto 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe synthesis and isolation of atrane‐type molecules 1E+ (E=Si, Ge, or Sn) having a cationic group 14 elemental center are reported. The cations 1E+ act as hard and soft Lewis superacids, which readily interact with various hard and soft Lewis basic substrates. The rigid atrane framework stabilizes the localized positive charge on the elemental center and assists the formation of the well‐defined highly coordinated states of 1E+. The cations were applied to the hydrodefluorination, Friedel‐Crafts reaction, alkyne cyclization, and carbonyl reduction as Lewis acid catalysts. Most notably, [1Si][ClO4] exhibits unique chemoselectivity that depends on a solvent in the competitive reaction of silyl enol ether with a mixture of benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal and benzaldehyde. Our findings indicate the potential of hard and soft Lewis superacids in organic synthesis.
Mimicking the Energy Funnel of the Photosynthetic Unit Using a Dendrimer‐Dye Supramolecular Assembly
Authors: Rama Krishna V. Siva , Adak Soumen , Jana Palash , Bheemireddy Varun , Bandyopadhyay Subhajit 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPhotosynthesis involves light‐harvesting complexes where an array of antenna pigment channels the absorbed solar energy to the reaction centre of a photosystem. This work reports a supramolecular dendrimer‐dye assembly that mimics the natural light‐harvesting mechanism. A dendrimeric molecule based on two‐fluorophores has been constructed with three coumarin units at the end of three long arms and a 7‐diethylaminocoumarin unit at the interior. The molecule self‐aggregates in water into spherical micelles, which can encapsulate a rose‐bengal dye (RB). On excitation, peripheral coumarin units shuttled the energy to the loaded RB dye reaction center via a two‐step cascade resonance energy transfer (RET). The energy absorbed in the periphery is funnelled efficiently, resulting in a strong emission from the dye that resembles an energy funnel. The energy transfer cascade has been studied with both steady‐state and time‐resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Molecular dynamics simulations of the self‐assembled aggregates in water were also in agreement with the experimental observations.
Von der Planung in die Produktion: Vorfertigung für den individualisierten Wohnungsbau
Authors: Kroll Stephan , Dobler Martin , Fauth Rainer , Sturm Caroline 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMit einem Erfahrungshorizont von mehr als 25 Jahren gestaltet die Gröner Group GmbH zukunftsgerichtete Immobilienentwicklungen. Im Fokus steht die Schaffung von bezahlbaren Wohn‐ und Lebensräumen, die durch das Tochterunternehmen CG Elementum AG als konzerneigenem Dienstleister für nachhaltiges und digitales Bauen realisiert werden. Maßgeblicher Baustein für die Arbeit der CG Elementum ist die hochautomatisierte Produktion auf Basis des EMC‐Fertigteilbausystems. Die Vorfertigung ermöglicht hier neben ökonomischen Vorteilen die Ausbildung eines ressourceneffizienten Tragsystems. Im Vergleich zu Ortbetondecken und ‐wänden können mit dem EMC‐System bis zu 50 % der Bewehrung eingespart werden. Weitere Ressourcen und Emissionen werden durch geringere Bauteilstärken und CO2‐optimierte Betonrezepturen eingespart. Durch Ergänzung des Bausystems mit vorgefertigten Ausbauelementen und Anwendung von vorprogrammierten Planungsalgorithmen wird ein Vorfertigungsgrad von Bauprojekten von bis zu 50 % angestrebt.