bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A questionnaire-based study of impersonalization in Romanian and English
Authors: Rădulescu Valentin , Van Olmen Daniël 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper is the first contrastive study of impersonalization in Romanian and English. Taking an acceptability judgment approach, we describe the functional potential in all impersonal uses of not only the pronouns ‘one’, ‘you’ and ‘they’ but also the lesser studied passive. We find inter alia: a similar division of labor in the languages between ‘you’ and ‘they’ for contexts paraphrasable as, respectively, ‘everyone’ and ‘someone/some people’; a wider range of uses for pro-dropped ‘they’ than for its overt counterpart, as hypothesized in previous research; and a preference in English, but not Romanian, for passives to ‘they’ especially in contexts like ‘they’ve stolen my wallet!’, where the referent is entirely unidentifiable and likely to be singular. Levels of identifiability and number, each of which has been suggested in a separate semantic map as necessary for capturing impersonalization, are also shown to interact, supporting a proposal to combine them in one map.
A phonological investigation of Sanzari Boro
Authors: Mahela Ratul , Sinha Sweta 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study attempts to investigate the phonological structures of Sanzari Boro (SB), a variety of Boro, a
Tibeto-Burman language that is mainly spoken in the state of Assam in the North East India. This paper highlights the phonological
processes in SB that have emerged due to geographical as well as social factors and language contact. This research is based on
the data collected from 10 native speakers. The analysis of data reveals that although Standard Boro and SB have similarities in
some features, they contain some evident differences too. A closer investigation of data establishes that SB has maximum number of
phonemes as compared to any other variety of Boro and it has three distinct tones that have been observed in monosyllabic words.
Declustering is facilitated through epenthesis. Phonological processes like deletion, insertion, assimilation, weakening and
strengthening, metathesis and substitution are operational in formation of SB words.
Phenacoccus solenopsis (cotton mealybug).
Authors: Lambdin Paris 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

This mealybug species has the ability to increase rapidly in population size and spread to cover vast areas where host plants occur, in a relatively short period of time. It has been reported from over 200 hosts. Since the original description of P. solenopsis from Atriplex canescens in New Mexico, USA in 1898, no reports on its presence were reported until 1967 (McKenzie, 1967; McDaniel, 1975). Later, Fuchs et al. (1991) reported small, sporadic populations on cotton in Runnels County, Texas, USA in 1988 that spread 75 to 200 miles from the original site with contiguous populations by 1990. With the increase in international trade over the last few decades, this invasive pest has been collected and identified on host material at international ports and in greenhouses outside its native range (Jansen, 2004). As such, P. solenopsis has become established in the Afrotropical, Australasian, Nearctic, Neotropical, and Oriental regions.
Limnocharis flava (yellow bur-head).
Authors: Man Azmi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

L. flava, commonly known as yellow bur head, is a perennial broad-leaved weed which behaves as an annual in certain habitats. It spreads throughout South-East Asia especially in rice crops, and also in South America and the USA. It prefers wet conditions such as lowland rice fields, shallow canals and ditches and reproduces both by seed and vegetatively. Heavy infestations of L. flava indicate a fertile soil. The effectiveness of drainage ditches and irrigation channels can be reduced through siltation caused by blockages of L. flava leaves and roots. Young leaves, petioles and flower stalks can be eaten as vegetables. Whole plants are used as fodder for pigs, cattle or fish and plant residues can be also be used for feed and as green manure. L. flava can be controlled by chemical such as 2,4-D herbicides and sulfonyl urea products such as bensulfuron and bensulfuron/metsulfuron. Bentazon/MCPA can be used to control multiple resistant biotype of L. flava.
Linepithema humile (Argentine ant).
Authors: Gómez Crisanto , Abril Silvia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

L. humile is one of the most invasive and problematic ant species in the world according to the Invasive Species Specialist Group (www.issg.org/database). Native to South America, it has spread worldwide in areas with Mediterranean-type climates usually associated with disturbed habitats as a result of human commercial activities. Its capacity to tolerate a wide range of abiotic conditions, its generalist dietary requirements and its unicolonial organization, which lead to the formation of large supercolonies, allow the species to spread easily and occupy a wide range of areas. In these areas, L. humile has impacted native ant faunas leading to changes in arthropod communities, ant-vertebrate interactions and ant-plant relationships. Its presence has also had economic effects, such as damage to infrastructure, and negative effects on crops and plantations due to its mutualistic interactions with hemipterans, which can affect the growth and production of the host plant.
Maliarpha separatella (African white rice borer).
Authors: Beverley Claire 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

M. separatella is a stem borer of sub-Saharan and Indian Ocean islands and is the only rice stem borer that has widespread distribution in sub-Saharan Africa. Damage by M. separatella includes reduced plant height, total number of grains per panicle, number of filled grains per panicle and grain weight, depending on the plant stage attacked.
Effect of increasing the Al2O3 content on the phase formation and mechanical properties of lithium disilicate glass-ceramics
Authors: Leenakul Wilaiwan , Kraipok Arnon 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Lithium disilicate glass ceramics with improved properties were prepared via a thermal treatment method by varying its composition. This study aims to investigate the influence of the concentration of Al2O3 additive oxides on the phase formation and mechanical properties of lithium disilicate glass ceramics prepared by conventional method. The Al2O3 concentration used are 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 mol% for LCA1, LCA2, and LCA 3, respectively. As the content of Al2O3 increased the glass transition temperature (Tg), the crystallization temperature (Tc), phase formation, and mechanical properties of lithium disilicate glass ceramics varied considerably, demonstrating the substantial effect of Al2O3. After heat treatment at 600 °C and 800 °C for 1 h, the x-ray diffraction results showed that the major phase in all the glass-ceramic samples was Li2Si2O5 and the minor phases were CeO2, LiAlSi3O8, quartz, and Li2SiO3. For the lowest content of Al2O3, the highest flexural strength and Vickers hardness were obtained as 188.34 MPa and 776 HV, respectively. These results were attributed to the interlocking microstructure of rod-like Li2Si2O5 in the LCA1 sample.
A - 02 The Epidemiology of Concussion in Middle School Football
Authors: A Blackstone , P Kelshaw , S Hacherl , N Erdman , A Lincoln , R Dunn , J Martin , J Ambegaonkar , N Cortes , C McGill , S Caswell 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective
Middle school is often the first exposure to American football for many children. However, research examining concussion in football has primarily focused on high school and older athletes. Therefore, we investigated the incidence of concussion and subsequent sport time loss (TL) in MS football.

Methods
Athlete exposure (AE) and injury rates (IR) were gathered by onsite Certified Athletic Trainers within public middle school for all events across the 2015/16–2019/20 school years. AE was defined as one athlete participating in one practice or game. TL was defined as the number of days between the injury and return to sport dates. Concussion rates per 1000AE with corresponding confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Injury rate ratios (IRR) with 95% CIs were compared IR between practices and games. CIs excluding 1.0 were considered significant.

Results
75 concussions (IR = 1.38/1000AE, 95% CI = 1.06–1.69) occurred across 54,544 AEs. The concussion rate was significantly higher in games (n = 31, IR = 3.51, 95%CI = 2.27–4.75) than practices (n = 44, IR = 0.96, 95%CI = 0.68–1.25; IRR = 3.65, 95%CI = 2.30–5.77). The mean sport TL was 16.50 ± 8.25 days.

Conclusions
We observed middle school football concussion rates (practices and games) and associated TL from sport to be consistent with prior youth and high school football research. However, the concussion rate for middle school games was more than 3 times that of practices. This is similar to prior middle school football findings, but less than reported in high school football. Continued research evaluating modifiable risk factors for concussion in middle school football games and practices is needed.
A - 07 Post-Concussion Symptom Scale Factors Shift with Longer Time Since Injury in Adolescents with Sport-Related Concussion
Authors: SR Eagle , AM Kissinger-Knox , M Womble , RJ Elbin , Kegel N Feder A , M Collins , AP Kontos 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the role of time since injury on the factor structure of the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) for athletes after sustaining a sport-related concussion (SRC).

Methods
Adolescent athletes (n = 782) were dichotomized based on time since injury: 0–7 (EARLY; n = 321, age: 15.4 ± 1.9 years, 51.7% female), 8–14 (MIDDLE; n = 281, age: 15.8 ± 2.2 years, 54.8% female) and 15–30 days (LATE; n = 180, age: 15.6 ± 1.8 years, 52.8% female). An EFA was performed on the 22 variables of the PCSS for each of the three cohorts (primary factor loading of 0.6 to retain each item).

Results
EARLY had a five-component model (64% of total variance): 1) GLOBAL (18.0%; headache/dizziness/photosensitivity/phonosensitivity/difficulty concentrating), 2) FATIGUE/HYPERSOMNIA (16.4%; fatigue/drowsiness/mental fogginess/slowed down/hypersomnia), 3) AFFECTIVE (12.6%; more emotional/sadness), 4) INSOMNIA (9.0%; insomnia/trouble falling asleep), 5) SOMATIC (8.0%; vomiting/numbness). MIDDLE had a four-component model (63.1% of variance): 1) GLOBAL (19.4%; photosensitivity/headache/phonosensitivity/nausea/dizziness), 2) INSOMNIA/AFFECTIVE (14.4%; insomnia/more emotional/nervousness/trouble falling asleep), 3) SOMATIC/MEMORY (12.2%; difficulty remembering/numbness), and 4) HYPERSOMNIA (12.0%; drowsiness/hypersomnia). LATE had a four-component model (65.7% of variance): 1) VESTIBULAR/OCULAR (18.2%; vision/difficulty remembering/balance/fogginess/dizziness), 2) MIGRAINE (16.6%; photosensitivity/phonosensitivity/fatigue/headache), 3) AFFECTIVE (16.1%; sadness/nervousness/more emotional), and 4) INSOMNIA (7.6%; insomnia/trouble falling asleep).

Conclusions
The results of this study suggest greater time since injury modifies symptom factor structure in adolescent athletes with SRC. Specifically, symptom factors become more distinct with longer time since injury before first clinical visit. A GLOBAL symptom factor was observed for both EARLY and MIDDLE, but not in LATE. SOMATIC (i.e., numbness) was observed in EARLY/MIDDLE, but not LATE. Symptom factors in LATE seem to mirror concussion clinical sub-types from previous research (e.g., vestibular/ocular, migraine, affective, sleep).
A - 09 The Epidemiology of Concussion in Middle School Wrestling
Authors: SA Ferranti , PM Kelshaw , SL Hacherl , NK Erdman , AE Lincoln , RE Dunn , JR Martin , JP Ambegaonkar , N Cortes , C McGill , SV Caswell 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective
Wrestling has among the highest concussion incidence in all high school and collegiate sports. Many children begin wrestling in middle school (MS), however, research describing concussion incidence in MS wrestling remains limited. Therefore, we sought to describe the incidence of concussion and subsequent sport time loss (TL) sustained by MS wrestlers.

Methods
Certified athletic trainers collected concussion and athlete exposure (AE) data for all MS wrestling practices and matches in a large metropolitan public-school division between 2015/16 and 2019/20. AE was defined as one athlete participating in one practice or match. Frequencies and proportions were calculated for diagnosed concussions by event type. TL was the number of days from date of injury to return to sport. Concussion injury rates (IR) per 1000 AEs and injury rate ratios (IRR) to compare IR between practice and matches were calculated with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs). IRRs with 95% CIs excluding 1.0 were statistically significant.

Results
43 concussions occurred across 38,297 AEs (IR = 1.12, 95%CI = 0.79–1.46). No significant difference in the concussion IR between practices (n = 33, IR = 1.11, 95%CI = 0.73–1.49) and matches (n = 10, IR = 1.16, CI = 0.44–1.87; IRR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.51–2.11) was observed. The mean TL was 18.38 ± 8.25 days.

Conclusions
We observed higher practice and match concussion rates than those previously reported among middle and high school wrestlers. Additionally, our findings showed that MS wrestlers required approximately 5 more days to return to sport than reported among HS wrestlers. Further investigation of concussion risk factors for concussion and prolonged TL in MS wrestling is needed.
A - 13 “Am I going to be like this forever?”: Athletes’ Experiences of Sport-Related Concussion Symptoms
Authors: CJ Kennedy , M Doucette , B Dupriez-Mitchell , MA Garcia-Barrera 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective
Previous research has focused on understanding the symptoms and long-term effects of sport-related concussion (SRC) through quantitative methods. Less is known about the impacts of SRC from the athletes’ perspective. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the lived experience of SRC symptoms among Canadian varsity athletes.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted via Zoom teleconferencing. Participants were 11 Canadian university varsity soccer and rugby athletes (M = 20.66 years, SD = 1.43 years; 45% female). All participants had experienced an SRC within the last 26 months. Thematic analysis was used to identify patterns across athletes’ experiences of SRC symptoms.

Results
Four unique themes emerged: (1) immediate disorientation, (2) prolonged emotional difficulties, (3) prolonged memory impairments and (4) executive dysfunction. Disorientation was the first SRC symptom experienced by 90% of athletes. Emotional disturbances were experienced throughout recovery with deficits in emotional regulation being the most salient for athletes. Difficulties with short-term and long-term memory were experienced by athletes up to 26 months post-SRC onset. Executive dysfunction manifested primarily as difficulties with planning and decision making. Lastly, long-term difficulties with speech articulation (e.g., stuttering and word-finding) were described as a unique symptom for a small subgroup (36%) of athletes.

Conclusions
Consistent with the literature, concussed athletes frequently described concerns about long-lasting symptoms and post-concussive difficulties with emotion, memory and executive function. Additional findings captured some nuance from the lived experience of post-concussion symptoms and their effect on athletes’ overall psychosocial functioning.
A - 22 Post-Concussive Changes in Menstrual Cycle Reporting: Comparing Self-Report Versus Blood Plasma Concentrations
Authors: S Ott , L Gonzalez , J Redell , J Duran , P Schatz , E Becker 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective
Few studies have addressed serum levels of hypothalamic hormones, as a consequence of sports-related concussion, in concussed, female adolescent athletes.

Methods
Female athletes, ages 14–18, were assigned to two study groups: 1) 18 diagnosed with a sports-related concussion (SRC) and evaluated within 7 days of injury, and 2) 18 healthy participants matched on age, education, and sport. Participants self-reported menstrual cycle status, with Days 1–15 of the menstrual cycle corresponding to the Follicular phase and days &gt;15 to the Luteal phase. Blood samples were drawn for Plasma concentration measurement of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH), prolactin, growth hormone (GH) and progesterone. Using progesterone plasma concentration, &lt;=2 ng/mL corresponding to the Follicular phase and &gt; 2 ng/mL corresponding to the Luteal phase.

Results
Across both groups, there was agreement between self-reported and progesterone plasma concentrations menstrual cycle Follicular (71.4%) or Luteal phase (52.9%) [X2(1) = 2.33, p = 0.13, phi = 0.25] in identifying menstrual cycle phases. Within the non-concussed controls, there was 90% agreement for Follicular phase and only 33.3% agreement for Luteal phase [X2(1) = 1.55, p = 0.30, phi = 0.29], and for the concussed athletes there was 54.5% agreement for Follicular phase and 75% agreement for Luteal phase [X2(1) = 1.66, p = 0.35, phi = 0.30]

Conclusions
We provide preliminary evidence of disruption of the hypothalamic–pituitary-axis (HPA) following mTBI as there was a 90% agreement between self-reported follicular phase and follicular phase determined by Progesterone levels for non-concussed females as compared to 54% agreement between the same measures for concussed females.
A - 26 AMPAR as a Sports Concussion Biomarker and Its Relationship to Neurocognitive Functioning in Collegiate Athletes
Authors: D Soden , J Maroon , W Selman , S Dambinova , G Izykenova , C Tangen , J Gunstad , S Briskin , S Miskovsky , C Bailey 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective
This prospective controlled observational cohort pilot study investigated a potential blood-based biomarker [α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR)] and relationship to neurocognitive testing in collegiate athletes.

Methods
A multisport sample of 60 collegiate athletes (53% female; 44 contact, 16 non-contact controls) completed ImPACT testing and provided blood samples at a pre-season baseline and within 4 weeks post-season. Plasma and serum samples were processed for AMPAR peptides and antibodies. Twelve athletes did not complete all procedures and were excluded from the final analysis (final n = 48; 36 contact; 12 controls).

Results
Contact athletes demonstrated greater increases in serum AMPAR antibodies compared to controls (t(46) = 3.24;p &lt; 0.01). On neurocognitive testing, controls had a faster reaction time than contact athletes at baseline (p &lt; 0.05); however, this increased post season (p &lt; 0.01), with the mean change in reaction time (contact: M = 0.06, SD = 0.19; control: M = 0.00, SD = 0.04) approaching significance (t(37.23) = 1.54; p &lt; 0.15). Additionally, ImPACT reaction time was correlated (r = 0.37;p &lt; 0.05) with serum AMPAR antibodies, with slowed reaction time related to increased AMPAR in contact athletes only and only post-season.

Conclusions
Serum AMPAR antibody levels significantly increased in the contact group and were correlated with reaction time on contact athlete neurocognitive testing at post-season only, with contact athletes showing both slower reaction time and increased levels of AMPAR antibodies compared to controls. No findings were identified in plasma AMPAR peptides, possibly related to sample processing which could not be done immediately in this pilot study. Future research and replication is needed; however, AMPAR may represent a blood-based concussion biomarker, with potential for clinical utility in athletes.
A - 29 Language Differences in Neurocognitive Scores and Symptom Report in Professional Football Players
Authors: R Wagner , P Arends , M Varkovetski , D Naidu , M Mrazik 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of language on neurocognitive test outcomes and concussion symptom ratings in professional football players.

Methods
Design/Setting - A retrospective cross-section analysis of 1546 male Canadian Football League (CFL) athletes was conducted using baseline data collected from the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT) across the 2016–18 competitive seasons. Independent Variables - Participants (1546) were divided into three language categories, native English-speaking, bilingual – whose first language was English, and English as a second language (ESL). Years of education, age, and concussion history were entered as co-variates. Outcome Measure -The 5 Composite scores from ImPACT and the 22 symptoms from the post-concussion symptom scale (PCSS).

Results
Results of the MANCOVA showed no significant differences between language groups on any of the five ImPACT composite scores F(10, 3072) = 1.09, p = 0.36. The Kruskall-Wallis test revealed significant differences were found in three symptoms including dizziness [X2(2, 1486) = 32.85, p &lt; 0.001)], sadness [X2(2, 1486) = 6.505, p = 0.04], and concentration [X2(2, 1486) = 11.01, p = 0.004)] with the bilingual and non-native English speakers having higher scores.

Conclusions
This study suggests that cultural and linguistic differences should be considered when administering CNTs. While differences in cognitive outcomes have not been consistently found across studies, differences in baseline symptom reports have been consistently demonstrated. Information pertaining to a patient’s level of acculturation and language proficiency is important for examiners when working with diverse populations. Continuing to develop language-specific normative databases is encouraged.
The Effects of Adult Aging and Culture on Theory of Mind
Authors: Yong Min Hooi , Lawrie Louisa , Schaefer Alexandre , Phillips Louise H 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Older adults tend to have poorer Theory of Mind (ToM) than their younger counterparts, and this has been shown in both Western and Asian cultures. We examined the role of working memory (WM) in age differences in ToM, and whether this was moderated by education and culture (the United Kingdom vs. Malaysia).

Methods
We used 2 ToM tests with differing demands on updating multiple mental states (false belief) and applying social rules to mental state processing (faux pas). We also looked at the role of education, socioeconomic status, and WM. A total of 298 participants from the United Kingdom and Malaysia completed faux pas, false belief, and WM tasks.

Results
Age effects on some aspects of ToM were greater in the Malaysian compared to the UK sample. Malaysian older adults were poorer at faux pas detection, aspects of false belief, and WM compared to young adults. In subsequent moderated mediation analyses, we found that, specifically in the Malaysian sample, the mediating effects of WM on the age and ToM relationship occurred at the lowest levels of education.

Discussion
This pattern of results may reflect changes in the familiarity and cognitive load of explicit mental state attribution, along with cultural differences in the pace and nature of cognitive aging. Cultural differences in education and WM should be considered when researching age differences in ToM.