bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The handsome liar: Male spiders offering worthless gifts can benefit increasing mating duration
Authors: Pandulli‐Alonso Irene , Tomasco Ivanna H. , Albo Maria J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFemales of nuptial gift‐giving species are known to mate with several males, so that they secure multiple ejaculates and food via nuptial gifts. However, gifts may decrease females’ reproductive success, for instance, if they received non‐nutritive gifts (worthless). The gift‐giving mating system of the spider Paratrechalea ornata creates a scenario in which females may receive either a nutritive prey or a worthless inedible item wrapped in silk. The worthless gift tactic is expected to be less successful as females should prefer to mate and to mate for longer with males offering nutritive gifts. However, at the moment, the scarce information suggests that both mating tactics may have similar reproductive success. By exposing females to a double mating experimental design, we examined whether mating access and duration correlate with the gift type (nutritive‐worthless), mating order (first‐second), and male size, and additionally explored possible effects on female fitness (e.g., fecundity). We found that the females accepted to mate with courting males independently of gift type, mating order, or size. But, mating duration was positively correlated with male size, and longer when males offered worthless gifts. Furthermore, females’ fecundity increased with mating duration and female size. This demonstrated that males offering worthless gifts might enhance their reproductive success by transferring more sperm than those offering nutritive gifts. Thus, either due to female choice or male effort, male size might be a more relevant feature for reproductive success than gift type, which can explain the high frequencies of worthless gifts in the field.
Mutational landscape in squamous cell carcinoma of the nail unit
Authors: Dika Emi , de Biase Dario , Lambertini Martina , Alessandrini Aurora Maria , Acquaviva Giorgia , De Leo Antonio , Tallini Giovanni , Ricci Costantino , Starace Michela , Misciali Cosimo , Piraccini Bianca Maria 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSquamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common malignancy of the nail unit. Pathogenetic mechanisms are yet to be determined, and a deeper molecular characterization of this disease is still necessary. The aim was to obtain a molecular characterization of NU SCC samples using an NGS approach to identify the genetic drivers involved in this tumor. The presence of HPV infection was also assessed. Furthermore, the mutational status was correlated with specific clinical‐pathological features for a better insight into the carcinogenesis of this uncommon tumor. We analysed twenty paraffin‐embedded nail unit SCC samples from patients diagnosed with primary SCC of the nail unit by next genome sequencing. In the 20 tested samples, the neoplastic cells enrichment ranged from 10% to 50% (mean value: 25.7%). In 14/20 cases (70.0%), at least one mutation was detected; whereas in the other six cases (30.0%), no alterations were observed (‘wild‐type/WT cases’). Overall, a total of 23 mutations were identified in the 20 specimens. TP53 was the most mutated gene (6/20 cases, 30.0%), while cKit, GNAS, EGFR, DICER1 and CTNNB1 were observed in one sample each (5.0%). No clinical‐pathological parameters (age, sex, depth of invasion‐DOI, histological subtype, grading and HPV) were significantly associated with the mutational status. The nail unit SCC mutational landscape appeared to be heterogeneous, favouring the hypothesis of a complex pathogenesis and an interaction of multiple elements, including HPV infections. This wealth of information undoubtedly improves our understanding of SCC biology.
Programmed gene expression change in mouse skin after ultraviolet radiation damage
Authors: Yang Kaibin , Song Shiting , Zhang Yafei , Shen Siting , Xu Xingzhi , Yue Zhicao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUltraviolet (UV) radiation is a major cause of skin damage and carcinogenesis. Here, we systematically analyse the acute gene expression change in skin in vivo after UV exposure, aiming to establish the common C57BL/6 mouse strain as a convenient model for future pathological research and drug discovery. The back fur of C57BL/6 mice was depilated, and a mixed UV light source was used to irradiate the skin. Full‐thickness skin samples were collected at 0, 0.5, 2, 6, 12 and 24 h. Total RNAs were extracted and subjected to RNA sequencing analysis. We found that the gene expression change in mouse skin is highly similar to previous reports in human skin. These include down‐regulation of differentiation‐related genes and extracellular matrix genes, and up‐regulation of cytokine/chemokine genes. An early wave of activator protein 1 (AP‐1) expression is induced, whereas activation of the p53 pathway is not significant. The impact of the AP‐1 transcription factors and the antioxidant tea polyphenols is discussed. The analysis of acute gene expression change in skin after UV irradiation provides a starting point to investigate how the skin responds to genotoxic stress.
Writing bodies and bodies of text: Thinking vulnerability through monsters
Authors: Henriksen Line , Kjær Katrine Meldgaard , Blønd Marie , Cohn Marisa , Cakici Baki , Douglas‐Jones Rachel , Ferreira Pedro , Feshak Viktoriya , Gahoonia Simy Kaur , Sandbukt Sunniva 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this article, we suggest approaching writing as a vulnerable practice marked by an unstable boundary between bodies: bodies of text and bodies of writers. We present an exercise‐method that we refer to as Monster Writing, which we have developed in order to engage with these instabilities as well as in order to address experiences of difficulty, anxiety and uncertainty in relation with the text and writing process. Though the writing process can at times be exciting and thrilling, and at other times perhaps a little tedious and mundane, for some it also presents (more than) occasional encounters with one's own insecurities, shame and doubt. We argue that this potentially more painful relationship between writer and text should be awarded more attention in scholarship on writing, and that a way of doing so is through the framework of feminist theory on vulnerability, embodiment, and the monstrous.
Mapped Predictions of Manganese and Arsenic in an Alluvial Aquifer Using Boosted Regression Trees
Authors: Knierim Katherine J. , Kingsbury James A. , Belitz Kenneth , Stackelberg Paul E. , Minsley Burke J. , Rigby J.R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractManganese (Mn) concentrations and the probability of arsenic (As) exceeding the drinking‐water standard of 10 μg/L were predicted in the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer (MRVA) using boosted regression trees (BRT). BRT, a type of ensemble‐tree machine‐learning model, were created using predictor variables that affect Mn and As distribution in groundwater. These variables included iron (Fe) concentrations and specific conductance predicted from previously developed BRT models, groundwater flux and age estimates from MODFLOW, and hydrologic characteristics. The models also included results from the first airborne geophysical survey conducted in the United States to target an entire aquifer system. Predictions of high Mn and As occurred where Fe was high. Predicted high Mn concentrations were correlated with fraction of young groundwater (less than 65 years) computed from MODFLOW results. High probabilities of As exceedance were predicted where groundwater was relatively old and airborne electromagnetic resistivity was high, typically proximal to streams. Two‐variable partial‐dependence plots and sensitivity analysis were used to provide insight into the factors controlling Mn and As distribution in groundwater. The maps of predicted Mn concentrations and As exceedance probabilities can be used to identify areas where these constituents may be high, and that could be targeted for further study. This paper shows that incorporation of a selected set of process‐informed data, such as MODFLOW results and airborne geophysics, into a machine‐learning model improves model interpretability. Incorporation of process‐rich information into machine‐learning models will likely be useful for addressing a wide range of problems of interest to groundwater hydrologists.
Expectations of a new opt‐out system of consent for deceased organ donation in England: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Bailey Pippa K. , Lyons Hannah , Caskey Fergus J. , Ben‐Shlomo Yoav , Al‐Talib Mohammed , Babu Adarsh , Selman Lucy E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionIn 2020 England moved to an opt‐out deceased donation law. We aimed to investigate the views of a mixed stakeholder group comprising people with kidney disease, family members and healthcare practitioners towards the change in legislation. We investigated the expected impacts of the new legislation on deceased‐donor and living‐donor transplantation, and views on media campaigns regarding the law change.MethodsWe undertook in‐depth qualitative interviews with people with kidney disease (n = 13), their family members (n = 4) and healthcare practitioners (n = 15). Purposive sampling was used to ensure diversity for patients and healthcare practitioners. Family members were recruited through snowball sampling and posters. Interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsThree themes with six subthemes were identified: (i) Expectations of impact (Hopeful patients; Cautious healthcare professionals), (ii) Living‐donor transplantation (Divergent views; Unchanged clinical recommendations), (iii) Media campaigns (Single message; Highlighting recipient benefits). Patients expected the law change would result in more deceased‐donor transplant opportunities.ConclusionsClinicians should ensure patients and families are aware of the current evidence regarding the impact of opt‐out consent: expectations of an increased likelihood of receiving a deceased‐donor transplant are not currently supported by the evidence. This may help to prevent a decline in living‐donor transplantation seen in other countries with similar legislation. Media campaigns should include a focus on the impact of organ receipt.Patient or Public ContributionTwo patient representatives from the Kidney Disease Health Integration Team, Primrose Granville and Soumeya Bouacida, contributed to the content and design of the study documents.
Journey to Transplant: Developing a social support network counselling intervention to improve kidney transplantation
Authors: D'Cunha Hannah , Partin Melissa , Kurschner Sophie , Chu Sauman , Bruin Marilyn , McKinney Warren , Hart Allyson 
Published: December 2021

AbstractContextKidney transplant is superior to dialysis for the treatment of end‐stage kidney disease, but accessing transplant requires high patient engagement to overcome barriers. We sought to develop an educational counselling intervention for patients along with their social support networks to help patients access the waiting list.MethodsUtilizing an Intervention Mapping approach, we established a conceptual framework to develop a behavioural intervention that can be reproduced across kidney transplant centres. The approach includes needs assessment, identifying behavioural determinants and process objectives and integrating targeted behavioural change theory.ResultsThe Intervention Mapping process resulted in the development of a group counselling session, titled Journey to Transplant (JtT). This intervention was designed for kidney transplant candidates along with members of their social support networks and guided by a transplant healthcare professional. The session begins with standardized educational information to improve knowledge and normalize emotional barriers to transplant. This education is followed by a tailored counselling intervention, including the presentation of the individual patient's calculated likely outcomes on the kidney transplant waiting list. Finally, JtT incorporates patient and support network goal setting to address the specific barriers for that patient in accessing kidney transplantation.ConclusionA systematic Intervention Mapping approach to develop the JtT intervention helps ensure the intervention is efficacious, acceptable and feasible for transplant centres to implement. JtT engages the patient's social support network, targeting known barriers to transplant and utilizing established behaviour change theory to motivate concrete actions to improve the likelihood of kidney transplantation.Patient or Public ContributionThis study includes a patient and family advisory committee comprised of kidney transplant candidates and their family members to guide the final language and content of the intervention guide, and the conduct of the implementation and pilot testing of the intervention. However, patients and family members were not involved in the intervention mapping development process itself described in this manuscript, which was informed by focus group data from patient and family study participants.
Hepatitis C coinfection and extrahepatic cancer incidence among people living with HIV
Authors: Willis Sarah J. , Kim H. Nina , Achenbach Chad J. , Cachay Edward R. , Christopoulos Katerina A. , Crane Heidi M. , Franco Ricardo A. , Hurt Christopher B. , Kitahata Mari M. , Moore Richard D. , Silverberg Michael J. , Tien Phyllis C. , Westreich Daniel , Marcus Julia L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesWe assessed the incidence of extrahepatic cancer among people with HIV/HCV coinfection and the potential impact of direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) on extrahepatic cancer risk among people with HIV/HCV coinfection.DesignOur study cohort included adults who initiated HIV care at a CNICS site in the US during 1995–2017, excluding those with previous cancer and without HCV testing.MethodsWe used Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios for extrahepatic cancer incidence among patients with HIV/HCV coinfection compared with those with HIV monoinfection. Standardized morbidity ratio (SMR) weights were used to create a ‘pseudopopulation’ in which all patients were treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART), and to compare extrahepatic cancer incidence among patients with untreated HIV/HCV coinfection with the incidence that would have been observed if they had been successfully treated for HCV.ResultsOf 18 422 adults, 1775 (10%) had HCV RNA and 10 899 (59%) were on ART at baseline. Incidence rates of any extrahepatic cancer among patients with HIV/HCV coinfection and HIV monoinfection were 1027 and 771 per 100 000 person‐years, respectively. In SMR‐weighted analyses, the risk of any extrahepatic cancer among patients with untreated HCV coinfection at baseline was similar to the risk if they had been successfully treated for HCV. Patients with untreated HCV coinfection at baseline had higher incidence of kidney, lung and inflammation‐related cancers than if their HCV had been successfully treated, but these associations were not statistically significant.ConclusionsWe did not find evidence that treating HCV coinfection with DAAs would reduce the incidence of extrahepatic cancers among people with HIV receiving ART.
Archiving of mutations in HIV‐1 cellular reservoirs among vertically infected adolescents is contingent with clinical stages and plasma viral load: Evidence from the EDCTP‐READY study
Authors: Fokam Joseph , Mpouel Bala Marie Laure , Santoro Maria‐Mercedes , Takou Désiré , Tala Valère , Beloumou Grace , Ngoufack Ezechiel Semengue , Chenwi Collins , Pabo Willy Leroi Togna , Njume Debimeh , Teto Georges , Dambaya Beatrice , Djupsa Sandrine , Sosso Samuel , Ateba Francis , Kamta Cedric , Bala Lionel , Njom Nlend Anne‐Esther , Koki Ndombo Paul , Colizzi Vittorio , Perno Carlo Frederico , Ndjolo Alexis 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionGlobally, HIV‐related adolescent deaths have increased about 50%, especially for those who are vertically infected. This could be driven by archived drug resistance mutations (DRMs) as children grow up, which might jeopardize antiretroviral therapy (ART). Our objective was to compare HIV‐1 genotypic variation between plasma RNA and proviral DNA of vertically infected adolescents (aged 10–19 years) failing ART.MethodsA comparative study was conducted in 2019 among 296 adolescents with perinatal HIV infection (ALPHI) failing ART in health facilities of the Centre Region of Cameroon. The WHO clinical stage, CD4 count and plasma viral load (PVL) were measured. For those failing ART (PVL ≥ 1000 copies/mL), RNA (plasma) and proviral DNA (buffy coat) were sequenced in the pol gene at Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon. HIV‐1 subtypes and DRMs were interpreted using Stanford HIVdb v.8.8 and MEGA‐X.ResultsOf the 30% (89/296) failing ART, 81 had both RNA and DNA sequences generated and three were excluded for APOBEC mutations: the mean age was 16 ± 3 years; female‐to‐male ratio was 3:5; median PVL was 46 856 copies/mL [interquartile range (IQR): 19 898–271 410]; median CD4 count was 264 cells/μL (IQR: 131–574); and 42% were at WHO clinical stage 3/4. Subtype concordance between RNA and DNA viral strains was 100%, with CRF02_AG being predominant (65%) and two potential new recombinants found (A1/G/K; F1/G). Adolescents with DRMs were significantly higher in plasma than in proviral DNA (92% vs. 86%, p < 0.0001). Prevalent DRMs by drug class (RNA vs. DNA respectively) were at position M184 (74% vs. 67%) for nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), K103 (63% vs. 59%) for non‐NRTIs, and V82, L76 and M46 (2% vs. 2%) for protease inhibitors. A total of 35% (27/78) of adolescents had concordant DRM profiles in RNA and DNA, while 27% (21/78) had DRMs only in proviral DNA. The presence of archived DRMs was associated with advanced clinical stage 3/4 (OR = 0.14, p = 0.0003) and PVL < 5 Log (Copies/mL) (OR: 4.88, p = 0.006).ConclusionsAlthough plasma RNA remains more sensitive for detecting HIV‐1 DRMs, about a quarter of ALPHI experiencing ART failure in an African setting might have archived DRMs in viral reservoirs, indicating clinically occult resistance. Thus, to ensure effective ART success, proviral DNA profiling (alongside RNA genotyping) would provide additional DRMs for adolescents with advanced clinical stages and/or moderate PVL.
Malaysian dental therapists’ job motivation, job satisfaction, intention to leave and perceived future roles
Authors: Zakaria Noor Azhani , Ab‐Murat Norintan , Che Musa Muhd Firdaus 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess Malaysian dental therapists’ job satisfaction, motivation, turnover intention and perceived future roles, following recent changes in the regulations that allow them to provide dental care within their scope of practice in the private sector.MethodsA self‐administered questionnaire was distributed to public dental therapists who were selected using a stratified random sampling technique. Questions included items on social structure, job satisfaction and motivation (based on the Warr‐Cook‐Wall scale), turnover intention (based on four cognitive processes) and perceived future roles. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the predictors of dental therapists’ turnover intention.ResultsOverall, a majority (>90%) of the participants had high job satisfaction and job motivation, with total mean scores of 45.70 ± 6.86 and 21.16 ± 2.63, respectively. A total of 8.3% intended to leave the public sector to work in a different organization. Of those who chose to remain as a dental therapist in the next five years, only 7% considered working in the private sector. The significant predictors for turnover intention were educational attainment, years of working experience, job satisfaction level and future preferred working sector.ConclusionAlthough the newly introduced Dental Act allows dental therapists to expand their roles to the private setting, very few intended to do so. This could be related to them having a high level of job satisfaction and job motivation while serving in the public sector.
Thermosonication of peach juice: investigation of PPO and POD activities, physicochemical and bioactive compounds changes, and development of FT‐IR–based chemometric models for the evaluation of quality
Authors: Baltacıoğlu Hande 
Published: December 2021

SummaryIn this research, the effect of thermosonication on peach juice was investigated. Enzyme inactivation increased with increasing power, temperature, and time. Enzymes were completely inactivated by thermosonication at 60 °C that was lower than the complete inactivation temperature (70 °C) of thermal treatment. Generally, as pH decreased, titratable acidity and °Brix increased by increasing temperature for each thermosonication treatment. The color of peach juice was preserved, and it became lighter. The bioactive components were protected with thermosonication. Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy with chemometrics was used to evaluate polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activity and quality attributes during thermosonication treatment. Moreover, the treatment methods were differentiated using principal component analysis, and models that correlated enzyme activity, quality attributes, and bioactive compounds with infrared spectra were constructed using partial least‐squares. FT‐IR with chemometrics can be used as a reliable method in peach juice quality determination during thermosonication.
Remittances and the future of African economies
Authors: Adekunle Ibrahim Ayoade , Tella Sheriffdeen Adewale , Ogunjobi Festus Olalekan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAfrican nations have, with the passage of time, over‐relied on remittance inflow to augment domestic savings for growth and development. Although remittance—both as a viable investment financing option and as a growth complementary factor—helps drive growth and development, concerns of fading altruism exist. As regards altruistic giving, decreasing external financing options might overwhelm growth and development. We argue that the altruistic connection, which has been the bedrock of sending remittances to African countries, could eventually fade into oblivion. We assigned numerical weights to establish the influence of remittances on the future of African economies. We took cognizance of endogeneity of regressors and accounted for cross‐sectional dependence. We found a positive relationship between remittances and financial development besides the influence of exchange rate, technological change, inflation and population on the latter. African governments, donors, investment partners and the society at large should be concerned about fading altruistic connections from old and young African migrants. Altruism could be a springboard to the diversification of external capital sourcing and creation of a migrant policy that puts Africa at the forefront of development ahead of seeking increased worker remittances from abroad.