bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Accelerated Resolution Therapy for PTSD Between Veterans With and Without Prior PTSD Treatment
Authors: Pang Tiantian , Murn Lindsay , Williams Dana , Lawental Maayan , Abhayakumar Anya , Kip Kevin E 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder commonly caused by a traumatic event(s) and prevalent among service members and veterans. Accelerated Resolution Therapy (ART) is an emerging “mind-body” psychotherapy for PTSD that is generally briefer and less expensive than current first-line treatments, such as cognitive processing therapy (CPT) and prolonged exposure (PE) therapy. This study examined the results of ART for treatment of military-related PTSD, with stratification by prior PTSD treatment types, including service members/veterans with reported residual PTSD symptoms following receipt of first-line recommended psychotherapy.Materials and MethodsFour groups were constructed and compared based on self-reported prior PTSD treatment history: treatment-naïve (n = 33), pharmacotherapy only (n = 40), first-line psychotherapy (CPT and/or PE) (n = 33), and other psychotherapy (n = 42). Participants were assessed for PTSD symptoms at baseline, post-treatment, and 6-month follow-up using the 17-item Military PTSD Checklist (PCL-M), as well as assessment of depressive, anxiety, and sleep symptoms. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at University of South Florida.ResultsAmong 148 veterans/service members who enrolled and started treatment with ART, 106 (71.6%) completed treatment in a mean of 3.5 treatment sessions, and 55 (51.9%) provided 6-month follow-up data. Mean age was 43.8 years, 95% were male, and 84% were of white race. Within-group standardized effect sizes for pre-to-post changes in PTSD scores (PCL-M) were large at 1.48, 1.11, 1.88, and 1.03 for the treatment-naïve, pharmacotherapy only, first-line psychotherapy, and other psychotherapy groups, respectively. Among treatment completers, the clinically significant treatment response rate (reduction of ≥10 points on the PCL-M) was highest in the treatment-naïve (83%) and first-line psychotherapy (88%) groups. Similar significant symptom reductions were observed for measures of depression and anxiety, and favorable treatment effects were generally sustained at 6-month follow-up.ConclusionIn a brief treatment period, ART appears to result in substantial reductions in symptoms of PTSD among veterans, including those with residual PTSD symptoms after prior treatment with first-line psychotherapies endorsed by the U.S. Department of Defense and Veterans Affairs. These results suggest that ART be considered as a potential first-line treatment modality for veterans with PTSD.
Calibrating systematic errors in the distance determination with the luminosity–distance space large-scale structure of dark sirens and its potential applications
Authors: Zhang Pengjie , Yu Hai 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
The cosmological luminosity–distance can be measured from gravitational wave (GW) standard sirens, free of astronomical distance ladders, and the associated systematics. However, it may still contain systematics arising from various astrophysical, cosmological, and experimental sources. With the large amount of dark standard sirens of upcoming third generation GW experiments, such potential systematic bias, can be diagnosed and corrected by statistical tools of the large-scale structure of the universe. We estimate that, by cross-correlating the dark siren luminosity–distance space distribution and galaxy redshift space distribution, multiplicative error m in the luminosity distance measurement can be constrained with 1σ uncertainty σm ∼ 0.1. This is already able to distinguish some binary black hole origin scenarios unambiguously. Significantly better constraints and therefore more applications may be achieved by more advanced GW experiments.
Imaginary images and Stokes phenomena in the weak plasma lensing of coherent sources
Authors: Jow Dylan L , Lin Fang Xi , Tyhurst Emily , Pen Ue-Li 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
The study of astrophysical plasma lensing, such as in the case of extreme scattering events, has typically been conducted using the geometric limit of optics, neglecting wave effects. However, for the lensing of coherent sources such as pulsars and fast radio bursts, wave effects can play an important role. Asymptotic methods, such as the so-called Eikonal limit, also known as the stationary phase approximation, have been used to include first-order wave effects; however, these methods are discontinuous at Stokes lines. Stokes lines are generic features of a variety of lens models, and are regions in parameter space where imaginary images begin to contribute to the overall intensity modulation of lensed sources. Using the mathematical framework of Picard–Lefschetz theory to compute diffraction integrals, we argue that these imaginary images contain as much information as their geometric counterparts, and may potentially be observable in data. Thus, weak-lensing events where these imaginary images are present can be as useful for inferring lens parameters as strong-lensing events in which multiple geometric images are present.
Optimizing a magnitude-limited spectroscopic training sample for photometric classification of supernovae
Authors: Carrick Jonathan E , Hook Isobel M , Swann Elizabeth , Boone Kyle , Frohmaier Chris , Kim Alex G , Sullivan Mark ,   (The LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration)
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
In preparation for photometric classification of transients from the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) we run tests with different training data sets. Using estimates of the depth to which the 4-m Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope (4MOST) Time Domain Extragalactic Survey (TiDES) can classify transients, we simulate a magnitude-limited sample reaching rAB ≈ 22.5 mag. We run our simulations with the software snmachine, a photometric classification pipeline using machine learning. The machine-learning algorithms struggle to classify supernovae when the training sample is magnitude limited, in contrast to representative training samples. Classification performance noticeably improves when we combine the magnitude-limited training sample with a simulated realistic sample of faint high-redshift supernovae observed from larger spectroscopic facilities; the algorithms’ range of average area under receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) scores over 10 runs increases from 0.547–0.628 to 0.946–0.969 and purity of the classified sample reaches 95 per cent in all runs for two of the four algorithms. By creating new, artificial light curves using the augmentation software avocado, we achieve a purity in our classified sample of 95 per cent in all 10 runs performed for all machine-learning algorithms considered. We also reach a highest average AUC score of 0.986 with the artificial neural network algorithm. Having ‘true’ faint supernovae to complement our magnitude-limited sample is a crucial requirement in optimization of a 4MOST spectroscopic sample. However, our results are a proof of concept that augmentation is also necessary to achieve the best classification results.
An ALMA view of 11 dusty star-forming galaxies at the peak of cosmic star formation history
Authors: Pantoni L , Massardi M , Lapi A , Donevski D , D’Amato Q , Giulietti M , Pozzi F , Talia M , Vignali C , Cimatti A , Silva L , Bressan A , Ronconi T 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
We present the ALMA view of 11 main-sequence dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) (sub-)millimetre selected in the Great Observatories Origins Survey South (GOODS-S) field and spectroscopically confirmed to be at the peak of cosmic star formation history (z ∼ 2). Our study combines the analysis of galaxy spectral energy distribution with ALMA continuum and CO spectral emission by using ALMA Science Archive products at the highest spatial resolution currently available for our sample (Δθ ≲ 1 arcsec). We include galaxy multiband images and photometry (in the optical, radio, and X-rays) to investigate the interlink between dusty, gaseous, and stellar components and the eventual presence of AGN. We use multiband sizes and morphologies to gain an insight on the processes that lead galaxy evolution, e.g. gas condensation, star formation, AGN feedback. The 11 DSFGs are very compact in the (sub-)millimetre (median rALMA = 1.15 kpc), while the optical emission extends to larger radii (median rH/rALMA = 2.05). CO lines reveal the presence of a rotating disc of molecular gas, but we cannot exclude the presence of interactions and/or molecular outflows. Images at higher (spectral and spatial) resolution are needed to disentangle from the possible scenarios. Most of the galaxies are caught in the compaction phase, when gas cools and falls into galaxy centre, fuelling the dusty burst of star formation and the growing nucleus. We expect these DSFGs to be the high-z star-forming counterparts of massive quiescent galaxies. Some features of CO emission in three galaxies are suggestive of forthcoming/ongoing AGN feedback, which is thought to trigger the morphological transition from star-forming discs to early-type galaxies.
C ii and H i 21-cm line intensity mapping from the EoR: impact of the light-cone effect on auto and cross-power spectra
Authors: Murmu Chandra Shekhar , Majumdar Suman , Datta Kanan K 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
C ii line intensity mapping (LIM) is a potential technique to probe the early galaxies from the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). Several experiments e.g. CONCERTO, TIME, CCAT-p are underway to map the C ii LIM signal fluctuations from the EoR, enabling us to estimate the C ii power-spectrum and C ii × 21-cm cross-power spectrum. The observed LIM signal will have its time evolution embedded in it along the line of sight due to the finite traveltime of the signal from its origin to the observer. We have investigated this so-called light-cone effect on the observed statistics of our seminumerically simulated C ii signal from the EoR. Using a suit of simulated C ii and neutral hydrogen 21-cm maps and corresponding light-cone boxes, we have shown that the light-cone effect can impact the C ii power spectrum by more than 15 per cent at large scales ($k\sim 0.1\, \text{Mpc}^{-1}$, at $z$ = 6.8). We have also observed that the impact of light-cone effect on the C ii power spectrum drops with decreasing redshift within the redshift range considered here (7.2 ≲ $z$ ≲ 6). The C ii × 21-cm cross-power spectrum is also affected by light cone, and in our models where reionization ends before $z$ = 6, we find that the maximum impact on cross-power can reach up to 20 per cent. At $z$ = 6.4, we find comparatively pronounced variation in the light-cone effect with reionization history on the cross-power. Faster reionization histories have a more drastic light-cone effect on cross-power. We conclude that we need to incorporate the light cone in order to properly model the signal, constrain the EoR-related astrophysical parameters and reionization history using the C ii × 21-cm cross-power spectrum.
MOG cosmology without dark matter and the cosmological constant
Authors: Davari Zahra , Rahvar Sohrab 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
In this work, we investigate the MOdified Gravity (MOG) theory for dynamics of the Universe and compare the results with the Lambda cold dark matter (ΛCDM) cosmology. We study the background cosmological properties of the MOG model and structure formation at the linear perturbation level. We compare the two models with the currently available cosmological data by using statistical Bayesian analyses. After obtaining updated constraints on the free parameters, we use some methods of model selection to assist in choosing the more consistent model such as the reduced chi-squared ($\chi ^2_{\rm red}$) and a number of the basic information criteria such as the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), the Bayes factor or Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), and Deviance Information Criterion (DIC). MOG model appears to be consistent with the ΛCDM model by the results of $\chi ^2_{\rm red}$ and DIC for an overall statistical analysis using the background data and the linear growth of structure formation.
A Positively Selected MAGEE2 LoF Allele Is Associated with Sexual Dimorphism in Human Brain Size and Shows Similar Phenotypes in Magee2 Null Mice
Authors: Szpak Michał , Collins Stephan C , Li Yan , Liu Xiao , Ayub Qasim , Fischer Marie-Christine , Vancollie Valerie E , Lelliott Christopher J , Xue Yali , Yalcin Binnaz , Yang Huanming , Tyler-Smith Chris 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A nonsense allele at rs1343879 in human MAGEE2 on chromosome X has previously been reported as a strong candidate for positive selection in East Asia. This premature stop codon causing ∼80% protein truncation is characterized by a striking geographical pattern of high population differentiation: common in Asia and the Americas (up to 84% in the 1000 Genomes Project East Asians) but rare elsewhere. Here, we generated a Magee2 mouse knockout mimicking the human loss-of-function mutation to study its functional consequences. The Magee2 null mice did not exhibit gross abnormalities apart from enlarged brain structures (13% increased total brain area, P = 0.0022) in hemizygous males. The area of the granular retrosplenial cortex responsible for memory, navigation, and spatial information processing was the most severely affected, exhibiting an enlargement of 34% (P = 3.4×10−6). The brain size in homozygous females showed the opposite trend of reduced brain size, although this did not reach statistical significance. With these insights, we performed human association analyses between brain size measurements and rs1343879 genotypes in 141 Chinese volunteers with brain MRI scans, replicating the sexual dimorphism seen in the knockout mouse model. The derived stop gain allele was significantly associated with a larger volume of gray matter in males (P = 0.00094), and smaller volumes of gray (P = 0.00021) and white (P = 0.0015) matter in females. It is unclear whether or not the observed neuroanatomical phenotypes affect behavior or cognition, but it might have been the driving force underlying the positive selection in humans.
Parents living in water, embryos developing in air: respiratory adaptations to use both environments in the freshwater gastropod Pomacea figulina (Gastropoda, Ampullariidae)
Authors: Mardones Maria L , Arruda Eliane P , Chaparro Oscar R , Cubillos Victor M , Mardones-Toledo Daniela A , Pechenik Jan A 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
The ability to use oxygen from both air and water has been considered key to the colonization of terrestrial environments by invertebrates. The freshwater gastropod Pomacea figulina generally lives submerged, although females lay their eggs mainly above water during nighttime, on the stems of aquatic plants, and the embryos develop inside the air-exposed calcareous egg capsules. However, little is known about the physiological adaptations that the ovipositing females and the developing embryos have developed to breathe in air. In this study, we report sexual differences in the aerial and aquatic oxygen consumption of adults and embryonic respiration in aerially developing egg clusters. We found that the males and females of this species can obtain oxygen from both water and air, although uptake rates for both sexes were much lower in air than in water. Females in air consumed oxygen 42% faster than males, which may be related with the habit of egg laying above water level. Developing embryos inside calcareous eggs obtained oxygen faster when submersed under water than when exposed to air, although embryos near hatching were better able to use oxygen from both air and water than embryos at earlier stages of development. Our data suggest that for P. figulina, laying eggs in the terrestrial environment may be more a strategy for protecting embryos from predators than a respiratory adaptation.
Structural and mechanistic insights into the Artemis endonuclease and strategies for its inhibition
Authors: Yosaatmadja Yuliana , Baddock Hannah T , Newman Joseph A , Bielinski Marcin , Gavard Angeline E , Mukhopadhyay Shubhashish M M , Dannerfjord Adam A , Schofield Christopher J , McHugh Peter J , Gileadi Opher 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Artemis (SNM1C/DCLRE1C) is an endonuclease that plays a key role in development of B- and T-lymphocytes and in dsDNA break repair by non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). Artemis is phosphorylated by DNA-PKcs and acts to open DNA hairpin intermediates generated during V(D)J and class-switch recombination. Artemis deficiency leads to congenital radiosensitive severe acquired immune deficiency (RS-SCID). Artemis belongs to a superfamily of nucleases containing metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) and β-CASP (CPSF-Artemis-SNM1-Pso2) domains. We present crystal structures of the catalytic domain of wildtype and variant forms of Artemis, including one causing RS-SCID Omenn syndrome. The catalytic domain of the Artemis has similar endonuclease activity to the phosphorylated full-length protein. Our structures help explain the predominantly endonucleolytic activity of Artemis, which contrasts with the predominantly exonuclease activity of the closely related SNM1A and SNM1B MBL fold nucleases. The structures reveal a second metal binding site in its β-CASP domain unique to Artemis, which is amenable to inhibition by compounds including ebselen. By combining our structural data with that from a recently reported Artemis structure, we were able model the interaction of Artemis with DNA substrates. The structures, including one of Artemis with the cephalosporin ceftriaxone, will help enable the rational development of selective SNM1 nuclease inhibitors.
ENDO-Pore: high-throughput linked-end mapping of single DNA cleavage events using nanopore sequencing
Authors: Torres Montaguth Oscar E , Cross Stephen J , Ingram Kincaid W A , Lee Laura , Diffin Fiona M , Szczelkun Mark D 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Mapping the precise position of DNA cleavage events plays a key role in determining the mechanism and function of endonucleases. ENDO-Pore is a high-throughput nanopore-based method that allows the time resolved mapping single molecule DNA cleavage events in vitro. Following linearisation of a circular DNA substrate by the endonuclease, a resistance cassette is ligated recording the position of the cleavage event. A library of single cleavage events is constructed and subjected to rolling circle amplification to generate concatemers. These are sequenced and used to produce accurate consensus sequences. To identify the cleavage site(s), we developed CSI (Cleavage Site Investigator). CSI recognizes the ends of the cassette ligated into the cleaved substrate and triangulates the position of the dsDNA break. We firstly benchmarked ENDO-Pore using Type II restriction endonucleases. Secondly, we analysed the effect of crRNA length on the cleavage pattern of CRISPR Cas12a. Finally, we mapped the time-resolved DNA cleavage by the Type ISP restriction endonuclease LlaGI that introduces random double-strand breaks into its DNA substrates.
BusR senses bipartite DNA binding motifs by a unique molecular ruler architecture
Authors: Bandera Adrian M , Bartho Joseph , Lammens Katja , Drexler David Jan , Kleinschwärzer Jasmin , Hopfner Karl-Peter , Witte Gregor 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe cyclic dinucleotide second messenger c-di-AMP is a major player in regulation of potassium homeostasis and osmolyte transport in a variety of bacteria. Along with various direct interactions with proteins such as potassium channels, the second messenger also specifically binds to transcription factors, thereby altering the processes in the cell on the transcriptional level. We here describe the structural and biochemical characterization of BusR from the human pathogen Streptococcus agalactiae. BusR is a member of a yet structurally uncharacterized subfamily of the GntR family of transcription factors that downregulates transcription of the genes for the BusA (OpuA) glycine-betaine transporter upon c-di-AMP binding. We report crystal structures of full-length BusR, its apo and c-di-AMP bound effector domain, as well as cryo-EM structures of BusR bound to its operator DNA. Our structural data, supported by biochemical and biophysical data, reveal that BusR utilizes a unique domain assembly with a tetrameric coiled-coil in between the binding platforms, serving as a molecular ruler to specifically recognize a 22 bp separated bipartite binding motif. Binding of c-di-AMP to BusR induces a shift in equilibrium from an inactivated towards an activated state that allows BusR to bind the target DNA, leading to transcriptional repression.
Stretchable and self-healable hydrogel artificial skin
Authors: Xue Bin , Sheng Hui , Li Yongqiang , Li Lan , Di Weishuai , Xu Zhengyu , Ma Linjie , Wang Xin , Jiang Haoting , Qin Meng , Yan Zhibo , Jiang Qing , Liu Jun-Ming , Wang Wei , Cao Yi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Hydrogels have emerged as promising materials for the construction of skin-like mechanical sensors. The common design of hydrogel-based artificial skin requires a dielectric sandwiched between two hydrogel layers for capacitive sensing. However, such a planar configuration limits the sensitivity, stretchability and self-healing properties. Here, we report the design of single-layer composite hydrogels with bulk capacitive junctions as mechanical sensors. We engineer dielectric peptide-coated graphene (PCG) to serve as homogenously dispersed electric double layers in hydrogels. Any mechanical motions that alter the microscopic distributions of PCG in the hydrogels can significantly change the overall capacitance. We use peptide self-assembly to render strong yet dynamic interfacial interactions between the hydrogel network and graphene. The resulting hydrogels can be stretched up to 77 times their original length and self-heal in a few minutes. The devices can effectively sense strain and pressure in both air and aqueous environments, providing tremendous opportunities for next-generation iontronics.
Mobility in China, 2020: a tale of four phases
Authors: Tan Suoyi , Lai Shengjie , Fang Fan , Cao Ziqiang , Sai Bin , Song Bing , Dai Bitao , Guo Shuhui , Liu Chuchu , Cai Mengsi , Wang Tong , Wang Mengning , Li Jiaxu , Chen Saran , Qin Shuo , Floyd Jessica R , Cao Zhidong , Tan Jing , Sun Xin , Zhou Tao , Zhang Wei , Tatem Andrew J , Holme Petter , Chen Xiaohong , Lu Xin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
2020 was an unprecedented year, with rapid and drastic changes in human mobility due to the COVID-19 pandemic. To understand the variation in commuting patterns among the Chinese population across stable and unstable periods, we used nationwide mobility data from 318 million mobile phone users in China to examine the extreme fluctuations of population movements in 2020, ranging from the Lunar New Year travel season (chunyun), to the exceptional calm of COVID-19 lockdown, and then to the recovery period. We observed that cross-city movements, which increased substantially in chunyun and then dropped sharply during the lockdown, are primarily dependent on travel distance and the socio-economic development of cities. Following the Lunar New Year holiday, national mobility remained low until mid-February, and COVID-19 interventions delayed more than 72.89 million people returning to large cities. Mobility network analysis revealed clusters of highly connected cities, conforming to the social-economic division of urban agglomerations in China. While the mass migration back to large cities was delayed, smaller cities connected more densely to form new clusters. During the recovery period after travel restrictions were lifted, the netflows of over 55% city pairs reversed in direction compared to before the lockdown. These findings offer the most comprehensive picture of Chinese mobility at fine resolution across various scenarios in China and are of critical importance for decision making regarding future public-health-emergency response, transportation planning and regional economic development, among others.