bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secundum atrial septal defects transcatheter closure versus surgery in adulthood: a 2000–2020 systematic review and meta-analysis of intrahospital outcomes
Authors: Rigatelli Gianluca , Zuin Marco , Roncon Loris , Nanjiundappa Aravinda 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroduction:Technologically, advances in both transcatheter and surgical techniques have been continuing in the past 20 years, but an updated comprehensive comparison in device-based versus surgery in adults in terms of incidence of in-hospital mortality, perioperative stroke, and atrial fibrillation onset is still lacking. We investigate the performance of transcatheter device-based closure compared to surgical techniques by a systematic review and meta-analysis of the last 20 years literature data.Material and methods:The analysis was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Literature search was performed based on Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, and Google Scholar to locate articles published between January 2000 and October 2020, regarding the comparison between short-term outcome and post-procedural complications of atrial septal defect patients receiving transcatheter or surgical closure. The primary outcome was the comparison of in-hospital mortality from all causes between patients treated with transcatheter closure or cardiac. Secondary outcomes were the onset of post-procedural atrial fibrillation or perioperative stroke.Results:A total of 2360 patients were included of which 1393 [mean age 47.6 years, 952 females (68.3%)] and 967 [mean age 40.3 years, 693 females (71.6%)] received a transcatheter device-based and surgery closure, respectively. In-hospital mortality [OR 0.16 (95% CI (0.66−0.44)), p = 0.0003, I2 = 0%], perioperative stroke [OR 0.51 (95% CI (0.31−0.84)), p = 0.003, I2 = 79%], and post-procedural atrial fibrillation [OR 0.14 (95% CI (0.03−0.61)), p = 0.009, I2 = 0%] significantly favoured transcatheter device-based closureConclusion:Transcatheter atrial septal defect closure resulted safer in terms of in-hospital mortality, perioperative stroke, and post-procedural atrial fibrillation compared to traditional surgery.
The road less travelled: percutaneous closure of a secundum atrial septal defect through the left internal jugular vein
Authors: Shibbani Kamel , Mohammad Nijres Bassel , Aldoss Osamah 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn cases where femoral access is untenable for secundum atrial septal defect closure, the internal jugular vein can be used instead. We report a case of atrial septal defect closure in a patient with significant vascular thrombosis, requiring the use of the left internal jugular vein for access. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that documents the use of the left internal jugular vein for atrial septal defect closure in a patient with situs solitus anatomy.
Study of high efficiency, low noise sputtered magnetron's cathode using GaN and SiC semiconductors for modulated microwave power transmission
Authors: Wen Chek Leong , Mekhilef Saad , Ramiah Harikrishnan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSemiconductor deposition on magnetron's cathode surface using different materials such as gallium nitride (GaN) and silicon carbide (SiC) semiconductors is conducted to grow approximately 80, 100 and 120 nm plasma layers. The cathode is then used to generate high frequency and low-power microwave for further comparison and analysis with the conventional magnetron operation. Parameter of analysis to identify the efficiency includes electron drift velocity, harmonic order, total harmonic distortion, low harmonic distortion, and spectrum observation. The sputtered cathode of the magnetron is used to generate a low-power microwave observing a generator efficiency up to 93 and 88% for GaN and SiC materials, respectively, compared to the conventional material, which observes 37% of efficiency at 2450 MHz, 5 W. Also reported is the quality of semiconductor sputtering on the magnetron cathode, which was manipulated by the deposition period, temperature, and plasma layer growth thickness.
Classification of Weather Phenomenon From Images by Using Deep Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Xiao Haixia , Zhang Feng , Shen Zhongping , Wu Kun , Zhang Jinglin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWeather phenomenon recognition notably affects many aspects of our daily lives, for example, weather forecast, road condition monitoring, transportation, agriculture, forestry management, and the detection of the natural environment. In contrast, few studies aim to classify actual weather phenomenon images, usually relying on visual observations from humans. To the best of our knowledge, the traditional artificial visual distinction between weather phenomena takes a lot of time and is prone to errors. Although some studies improved the recognition accuracy and efficiency of weather phenomenon by using machine learning, they identified fewer types of weather phenomena. In this paper, a novel deep convolutional neural network (CNN) named MeteCNN is proposed for weather phenomena classification. Meanwhile, we establish a data set called the weather phenomenon database (WEAPD) containing 6,877 images with 11 weather phenomena, which has more categories than the previous data set. The classification accuracy of MeteCNN on the WEAPD testing set is around 92%, and the experimental result demonstrates the superiority and effectiveness of the proposed MeteCNN model. Realizing the automatic and high‐quality classification of weather phenomena images can provide a reference for future research on weather image classification and weather forecasting.
Elevation‐Dependent Warming Over the Tibetan Plateau From an Ensemble of CORDEX‐EA Regional Climate Simulations
Authors: Niu Xiaorui , Tang Jianping , Chen Deliang , Wang Shuyu , Ou Tinghai 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUnder the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiments‐East Asia (CORDEX‐EA‐II), the outputs from two regional climate models (RCMs) driven by four global climate models (GCMs) are used to investigate the characteristics and possible mechanisms of the projected elevation‐dependent warming (EDW) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) under the Representative Concentration Pathway emission scenario 8.5 (RCP8.5). Results show that widespread warming over the TP is projected with considerable disagreements in warming intensity and the maximum warming center among RCMs. The largest spread in the surface air temperature (Tas) projections is found above 5,000 m, indicating that a large uncertainty exists over the higher elevations. A marked EDW signal over the TP is simulated under the RCP 8.5 by the multi‐RCM ensemble mean for all seasons, particularly in autumn. Based on the analysis of the surface energy budget, it is found that the surface albedo feedback (SAF) is the primary contributor to EDW and acts as the main source of uncertainty in EDW projections among RCMs. The downward longwave radiation (DLW) is found to be the dominant factor in regulating Tas change over the TP, and its contribution to EDW is model‐dependent. Furthermore, the structure and magnitude of projected EDW are sensitive to the RCM physics and driving GCM, as they can alter the projections of snow cover and albedo, which modulate the simulated SAF and its effect on EDW. Additionally, RegCM4 shows a higher sensitivity to the anthropogenic greenhouse forcing than WRF, evidenced by the larger temperature projections and stronger EDW signal in RegCM4.
Global Distribution of Electrostatic Electron Cyclotron Harmonic Waves in Saturn's Magnetosphere: A Survey of Over‐13‐Year Cassini RPWS Observations
Authors: Long Minyi , Gu Xudong , Ni Binbin , Cao Xing , Ma Xin , Zhao Yiwen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBased on the measurements from Radio and Plasma Wave Science instrument onboard the Cassini spacecraft over 13 years, we perform a statistical analysis of electron cyclotron harmonic (ECH) wave spatial distribution in Saturn's magnetosphere. The wave occurrence rates, amplitudes, and peak frequencies as functions of magnetic local time, L‐shell, and magnetic latitude are investigated in detail. Our results confirm that the fundamental band ECH waves mainly occur near the magnetic equator (|λ| < 5°) and also at high latitudes (20° < |λ| ≤ 40°), with averaged amplitudes of about 0.01–0.1 mV/m. By comparison, the amplitudes and occurrence rates of higher harmonics n decrease significantly, and the higher harmonic bands tend to occur at lower L‐shells along with the enhanced day‐night asymmetry. Overall, Saturnian ECH emissions are preferentially a nightside phenomenon and exhibit a gap in the midlatitude regions (5° < |λ| ≤ 20°) for the occurrence rates. The occurrence rates of ECH waves are higher at high latitudes than those near the magnetic equator, but the statistically averaged amplitudes of high latitude emissions are relatively weaker. Furthermore, the averaged peak frequencies of each ECH wave harmonic band are generally below (n + 1/2) fce and have the smallest deviation from (n + 1/2) fce near the equator. These results can be readily adopted as representative inputs to quantify the electron scattering effect of multi‐harmonic Saturnian ECH waves and investigate the underlying contribution of ECH emissions to the evolution of the Saturnian radiation belt.
Coupled Aqua and Ridge Planets in the Community Earth System Model
Authors: Wu Xiaoning , Reed Kevin A. , Wolfe Christopher L. P. , Marques Gustavo M. , Bachman Scott D. , Bryan Frank O. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIdealized models can reveal insights into Earth’s climate system by reducing its complexities. However, their potential is undermined by the scarcity of fully coupled idealized models with components comparable to contemporary, comprehensive Earth System Models. To fill this gap, we compare and contrast the climates of two idealized planets which build on the Simpler Models initiative of the Community Earth System Model (CESM). Using the fully coupled CESM, the Aqua configuration is ocean‐covered except for two polar land caps, and the Ridge configuration has an additional pole‐to‐pole grid‐cell‐wide continent. Contrary to most sea surface temperature profiles assumed for atmosphere‐only aquaplanet experiments with the thermal maximum on the equator, the coupled Aqua configuration is characterized by a global cold belt of wind‐driven equatorial upwelling, analogous to the eastern Pacific cold tongue. The presence of the meridional boundary on Ridge introduces zonal asymmetry in thermal and circulation features, similar to the contrast between western and eastern Pacific. This zonal asymmetry leads to a distinct climate state from Aqua, cooled by ∼2°C via the radiative feedback of clouds and water vapor. The meridional boundary of Ridge is also crucial for producing a more Earth‐like climate state compared to Aqua, including features of atmospheric and ocean circulation, the seasonal cycle of the Intertropical Convergence Zone, and the meridional heat transport. The mean climates of these two basic configurations provide a baseline for exploring other idealized ocean geometries, and their application for investigating various features and scale interactions in the coupled climate system.
Analyzing the Impact of Streamflow Drought on Hydroelectricity Production: A Global‐Scale Study
Authors: Wan Wenhua , Zhao Jianshi , Popat Eklavyya , Herbert Claudia , Döll Petra 
Published: April 2021

AbstractElectricity production by hydropower is negatively affected by drought. To understand and quantify risks of less than normal streamflow for hydroelectricity production (HP) at the global scale, we developed an HP model that simulates time series of monthly HP worldwide and thus enables analyzing the impact of drought on HP. The HP model is based on a new global hydropower database (GHD), containing 8,716 geo‐localized plant records, and on monthly streamflow values computed by the global hydrological model WaterGAP with a spatial resolution of 0.5°. The GHD includes 44 attributes and covers 91.8% of the globally installed capacity. The HP model can reproduce HP trends, seasonality, and interannual variability that was caused by both (de)commissioning of hydropower plants and hydrological variability. It can also simulate streamflow drought and its impact on HP reasonably well. Global risk maps of HP reduction were generated for both 0.5° grid cells and countries, revealing that 67 out of the 134 countries with hydropower suffer, in 1 out of 10 years, from a reduction of more than 20% of mean annual HP and 18 countries from a reduction of more than 40%. The developed HP model enables advanced assessments of drought impacts on hydroelectricity at national to international levels.
Temporal multiomic modeling reveals a B-cell receptor proliferative program in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Schleiss Cedric , Carapito Raphael , Fornecker Luc-Matthieu , Muller Leslie , Paul Nicodème , Tahar Ouria , Pichot Angelique , Tavian Manuela , Nicolae Alina , Miguet Laurent , Mauvieux Laurent , Herbrecht Raoul , Cianferani Sarah , Freund Jean-Noel , Carapito Christine , Maumy-Bertrand Myriam , Bahram Seiamak , Bertrand Frederic , Vallat Laurent 
Published: April 2021

AbstractB-cell receptor (BCR) signaling is crucial for the pathophysiology of most mature B-cell lymphomas/leukemias and has emerged as a therapeutic target whose effectiveness remains limited by the occurrence of mutations. Therefore, deciphering the cellular program activated downstream this pathway has become of paramount importance for the development of innovative therapies. Using an original ex vivo model of BCR-induced proliferation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells, we generated 108 temporal transcriptional and proteomic profiles from 1 h up to 4 days after BCR activation. This dataset revealed a structured temporal response composed of 13,065 transcripts and 4027 proteins, comprising a leukemic proliferative signature consisting of 430 genes and 374 proteins. Mathematical modeling of this complex cellular response further highlighted a transcriptional network driven by 14 early genes linked to proteins involved in cell proliferation. This group includes expected genes (EGR1/2, NF-kB) and genes involved in NF-kB signaling modulation (TANK, ROHF) and immune evasion (KMO, IL4I1) that have not yet been associated with leukemic cells proliferation. Our study unveils the BCR-activated proliferative genetic program in primary leukemic cells. This approach combining temporal measurements with modeling allows identifying new putative targets for innovative therapy of lymphoid malignancies and also cancers dependent on ligand–receptor interactions.
Improving outcomes in chronic myeloid leukemia through harnessing the immunological landscape
Authors: Hsieh Ya-Ching , Kirschner Kristina , Copland Mhairi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe quest for treatment-free remission (TFR) and deep molecular response (DMR) in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has been profoundly impacted by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Immunologic surveillance of residual leukemic cells is hypothesized to be one of the critical factors in successful TFR, with self-renewing leukemic stem cells implicated in relapse. Immunological characterization in CML may help to develop novel immunotherapies that specifically target residual leukemic cells upon TKI discontinuation to improve TFR rates. This review focuses on immune dysfunction in newly diagnosed CML patients, and the role that TKIs and other therapies have in restoring immune surveillance. Immune dysfunction and immunosurveillance in CML points towards several emerging areas in the key goals of DMR and TFR, including: (1) Aspects of innate immune system, in particular natural killer cells and the newly emerging target plasmacytoid dendritic cells. (2) The adaptive immune system, with promise shown in regard to leukemia-associated antigen vaccine-induced CD8 cytotoxic T-cells (CTL) responses, increased CTL expansion, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. (3) Immune suppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells and T regulatory cells that are reduced in DMR and TFR. (4) Immunomodulator mesenchymal stromal cells that critically contribute to leukomogenesis through immunosuppressive properties and TKI- resistance. Therapeutic strategies that leverage existing immunological approaches include donor lymphocyte infusions, that continue to be used, often in combination with TKIs, in patients relapsing following allogeneic stem cell transplant. Furthermore, previous standards-of-care, including interferon-α, hold promise in attaining TFR in the post-TKI era. A deeper understanding of the immunological landscape in CML is therefore vital for both the development of novel and the repurposing of older therapies to improve TFR outcomes.
A large-scale genome-wide gene expression analysis in peripheral blood identifies very few differentially expressed genes related to antidepressant treatment and response in patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Nøhr Anne Krogh , Lindow Morten , Forsingdal Annika , Demharter Samuel , Nielsen Troels , Buller Raimund , Moltke Ida , Vitezic Morana , Albrechtsen Anders 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA better understanding of the biological factors underlying antidepressant treatment in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) is needed. We perform gene expression analyses and explore sources of variability in peripheral blood related to antidepressant treatment and treatment response in patients suffering from recurrent MDD at baseline and after 8 weeks of treatment. The study includes 281 patients, which were randomized to 8 weeks of treatment with vortioxetine (N = 184) or placebo (N = 97). To our knowledge, this is the largest dataset including both gene expression in blood and placebo-controlled treatment response measured by a clinical scale in a randomized clinical trial. We identified three novel genes whose RNA expression levels at baseline and week 8 are significantly (FDR < 0.05) associated with treatment response after 8 weeks of treatment. Among these genes were SOCS3 (FDR = 0.0039) and PROK2 (FDR = 0.0028), which have previously both been linked to depression. Downregulation of these genes was associated with poorer treatment response. We did not identify any genes that were differentially expressed between placebo and vortioxetine groups at week 8 or between baseline and week 8 of treatment. Nor did we replicate any genes identified in previous peripheral blood gene expression studies examining treatment response. Analysis of genome-wide expression variability showed that type of treatment and treatment response explains very little of the variance, a median of <0.0001% and 0.05% in gene expression across all genes, respectively. Given the relatively large size of the study, the limited findings suggest that peripheral blood gene expression might not be the best approach to explore the biological factors underlying antidepressant treatment.
Are psychiatric disorders risk factors for COVID-19 susceptibility and severity? a two-sample, bidirectional, univariable, and multivariable Mendelian Randomization study
Authors: Luykx Jurjen J. , Lin Bochao D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObservational studies have suggested bidirectional associations between psychiatric disorders and COVID-19 phenotypes, but results of such studies are inconsistent. Mendelian Randomization (MR) may overcome the limitations of observational studies, e.g., unmeasured confounding and uncertainties about cause and effect. We aimed to elucidate associations between neuropsychiatric disorders and COVID-19 susceptibility and severity. To that end, we applied a two-sample, bidirectional, univariable, and multivariable MR design to genetic data from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of neuropsychiatric disorders and COVID-19 phenotypes (released in January 2021). In single-variable Generalized Summary MR analysis, the most significant and only Bonferroni-corrected significant result was found for genetic liability to BIP-SCZ (a combined GWAS of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia as cases vs. controls) increasing risk of COVID-19 (OR = 1.17, 95% CI, 1.06–1.28). However, we found a significant, positive genetic correlation between BIP-SCZ and COVID-19 of 0.295 and could not confirm causal or horizontally pleiotropic effects using another method. No genetic liabilities to COVID-19 phenotypes increased the risk of (neuro)psychiatric disorders. In multivariable MR using both neuropsychiatric and a range of other phenotypes, only genetic instruments of BMI remained causally associated with COVID-19. All sensitivity analyses confirmed the results. In conclusion, while genetic liability to bipolar disorder and schizophrenia combined slightly increased COVID-19 susceptibility in one univariable analysis, other MR and multivariable analyses could only confirm genetic underpinnings of BMI to be causally implicated in COVID-19 susceptibility. Thus, using MR we found no consistent proof of genetic liabilities to (neuro)psychiatric disorders contributing to COVID-19 liability or vice versa, which is in line with at least two observational studies. Previously reported positive associations between psychiatric disorders and COVID-19 by others may have resulted from statistical models incompletely capturing BMI as a continuous covariate.
Acute cognitive effects of single-dose intravenous ketamine in major depressive and posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Davis Margaret T. , DellaGiogia Nicole , Maruff Paul , Pietrzak Robert H. , Esterlis Irina 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntravenous (IV) subanesthetic doses of ketamine have been shown to reduce psychiatric distress in both major depressive (MDD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the effect of ketamine on cognitive function in these disorders is not well understood. To address this gap, we examined the effect of a single dose of IV ketamine on cognition in individuals with MDD and/or PTSD relative to healthy controls (HC). Psychiatric (n = 29; 15 PTSD, 14 MDD) and sex- age- and IQ matched HC (n = 29) groups were recruited from the community. A single subanesthetic dose of IV ketamine was administered. Mood and cognitive measures were collected prior to, 2 h and 1 day post-ketamine administration. MDD/PTSD individuals evidenced a large-magnitude improvement in severity of depressive symptoms at both 2-hours and 1 day post-ketamine administration (p’s < .001, Cohen d’s = 0.80–1.02). Controlling for baseline performance and years of education, IV ketamine induced declines in attention (ATTN), executive function (EF), and verbal memory (VM) 2 h post-administration, all of which had resolved by 1 day post-ketamine across groups. The magnitude of cognitive decline was significantly larger in MDD/PTSD relative to HC on attention only (p = .012, d = 0.56). Ketamine did not affect working memory (WM) performance. Cognitive function (baseline, change from baseline to post-ketamine) was not associated with antidepressant response to ketamine. Results suggest that while ketamine may have an acute deleterious effect on some cognitive domains in both MDD/PTSD and HC individuals, most notably attention, this reduction is transient and there is no evidence of ketamine-related cognitive dysfunction at 1 day post-administration.