bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of empagliflozin on cardiorenal outcomes and mortality according to body mass index: A subgroup analysis of the EMPA‐REG OUTCOME trial with a focus on Asia
Authors: Ji Qiuhe , Ji Linong , Mu Yiming , Zhao Jiajun , Zinman Bernard , Wanner Christoph , George Jyothis T. , Zwiener Isabella , Ueki Kohjiro , Yokote Koutaro , Ogawa Wataru , Johansen Odd Erik 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimTo investigate whether the cardiorenal benefits of the sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor empagliflozin are affected by body mass index (BMI) in type 2 diabetes patients with established cardiovascular (CV) disease, including Asians.MethodsIn this exploratory analysis of the EMPA‐REG OUTCOME trial, we used Cox regression to evaluate the effects of empagliflozin on all‐cause mortality, hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) or CV death, and incident or worsening nephropathy by baseline BMI category.ResultsOf the 7020 participants (1517 Asians [21.6%]), 934 (13.3%), 2465 (35.1%) and 3621 (51.6%) had a BMI of less than 25, 25 to less than 30, and 30 kg/m2 or higher, respectively. Overall, hazard ratios for empagliflozin versus placebo for all‐cause mortality, HHF or CV death, and incident or worsening nephropathy were 0.68 (95% CI 0.57, 0.82), 0.66 (0.55, 0.79) and 0.61 (0.53, 0.70), respectively, and were consistent across BMI categories (P values for interaction between treatment and BMI were .6772, .3087 and .6265, respectively). Results were similar in Asians using these BMI categories and categories of less than 24, 24 to less than 28, and 28 kg/m2 or higher.ConclusionEmpagliflozin reduced cardiorenal and mortality risk regardless of BMI at baseline, including in Asians with a lower BMI.
The impact of resveratrol on skin wound healing, scarring, and aging
Authors: Hecker Andrzej , Schellnegger Marlies , Hofmann Elisabeth , Luze Hanna , Nischwitz Sebastian Philipp , Kamolz Lars‐Peter , Kotzbeck Petra 
Published: May 2021

AbstractResveratrol is a well‐known antioxidant that harbours many health beneficial properties. Multiple studies associated the antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and cell protective effects of resveratrol. These diverse effects of resveratrol are also potentially involved in cutaneous wound healing, scarring, and (photo‐)aging of the skin. Hence, this review highlighted the most relevant studies involving resveratrol in wound healing, scarring, and photo‐aging of the skin. A systematic review was performed and the database PubMed was searched for suitable publications. Only original articles in English that investigated the effects of resveratrol in wound healing, scarring, and (photo‐)aging of the skin were analysed. The literature search yielded a total of 826 studies, but only 41 studies met the inclusion criteria. The included studies showed promising results that resveratrol might be a feasible treatment approach to support wound healing, counteract excessive scarring, and even prevent photo‐aging of the skin. Resveratrol represents an interesting and promising novel therapy regime but to confirm resveratrol‐associated effects, more evidence based in vitro and in vivo studies are needed.
Tacit Knowledge in Painting: From Studio to Classroom
Authors: Marinkovic Branka 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article discusses research that employed practice‐led and action research methods to study the tacit knowledge of painting practice and its application to teaching. Polanyi’s theory of tacit knowledge is used to analyse the non‐verbal, experience‐based knowledge of painting to construct a discursive relationship between the dual practices of painting and teaching. The research was undertaken in the context of a twelve‐week class in landscape painting for adults in a non‐profit art school. Within the context of the class, a series of paintings was created and documented. By analysing the focal and subsidiary knowledge of the painting processes, several distinct patterns of action and thinking emerged. These patterns were synthesised into three modes of thinking that integrate the mind, body and materials. The outcome of the study is a preliminary model that describes painting as a dynamic multi‐modal thinking process, integrating visual perception, material actions and expressive ways of thinking. The discussion includes a detailed description of the research methods, the data analysis, the application in teaching, and the embodied nature of cognition in the painting process.
Brain FDG‐PET findings in glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody‐associated epilepsy
Authors: Mongay‐Ochoa Neus , Sala‐Padró Jacint , Reynés‐Llompart Gabriel , Rodríguez‐Bel Laura , Jaraba Sònia , Morandeira Francisco , Falip Mercè 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTBackground and PurposeGlutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GAD‐Ab) are sometimes associated with chronic drug‐resistant focal epilepsy. Clinically, it may manifest as mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE), with GAD‐Ab patients difficult to distinguish. Therefore, the aim of this study is to compare brain metabolism of patients with mTLE and high serum titers of GAD‐Ab (>2000 UI/ml) to those with mTLE and hippocampal sclerosis (HS) and confirmed GAD‐ab negativity.MethodsImages from PET studies were normalized to an SPM 12 template. Voxel to voxel comparisons were made using a two‐sample one‐tailedt‐test.ResultsIn both patients with GAD‐Ab and controls (mTLE‐HS), hypometabolism in mesial temporal lobe areas was observed. When comparing the two groups, GAD‐Ab patients had statistically significant reduced metabolism in both insulae and medial inferior frontal‐hypothalamus area (p< 0.001).ConclusionsHypometabolism in mesial temporal lobe areas together with hypometabolism in insulae and medial inferior frontal‐hypothalamus may be characteristic of patients with epilepsy and GAD‐ab. This PET pattern could be a useful diagnostic tool to identify GAD‐Ab patients.
Explaining Unfavorable Attitudes Toward Religious Out‐Groups Among Three Major Religions
Authors: Kanol Eylem 
Published: May 2021

AbstractConsidering intensifying sectarian conflicts in recent years and increasing interreligious violence around the globe, there is a need to further our understanding of negative attitudes toward religious out‐groups. To investigate the driving factors behind these negative attitudes among members of the three major Abrahamic religions, I employ original data derived from a survey fielded among 10,046 respondents in eight countries (Cyprus, Germany, Israel, Kenya, Lebanon, Palestine, Turkey, and the USA). A rich body of literature documents the relationship between religious fundamentalism and prejudice. Other scholars have investigated out‐group hostility using an intergroup relations perspective, focusing on contact theory, and more recently, on discrimination. While controlling for other relevant factors such as demographic and socioeconomic variables, I investigate the role of religiosity and intergroup relations in explaining unfavorable interreligious attitudes. The results suggest that unfavorable attitudes toward religious out‐groups are most strongly associated with religious fundamentalism. This finding is robust across religious groups.
A rare case of a necrotized urethral prolapse in a postmenopausal woman with acute urinary retention
Authors: Abuhasanein Suleiman , Holmin Emelie , Swärd Jesper , Ruplys Rimgaudas , Sagen Erik 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCaseUrethral prolapse (UP) is a rare condition with unknown etiology. We reported on an 86‐year‐old woman with a normal BMI and cystocele, presented with acute urinary retention and perineal pain. A residual urine of 950 mL was measured and released by an indwelling catheter. The physical examination revealed 2 × 3 cm severely sore and purple polyp around the urethral meatus with signs of necrosis. A diagnosis of a strangulated urethral prolapse was stated.OutcomeThe patient was admitted to the Department of Urology, and treated with surgical excision using the four‐quadrant excisional technique. The histopathological examination revealed a non‐keratinized, inflammatory squamous epithelium. At a follow‐up visit, the patient remained asymptomatic and a complete anatomical resolution was achieved.ConclusionUP is an uncommon, sometimes misdiagnosed condition. The management is controversial and to date no consensus exists. This clinical picture is sufficient for diagnosis and surgical excision of the prolapsed urethral mucosa is reasonable if there are signs of strangulation.
Effective behavior change techniques to promote physical activity in adults with overweight or obesity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Carraça Eliana , Encantado Jorge , Battista Francesca , Beaulieu Kristine , Blundell John , Busetto Luca , van Baak Marleen , Dicker Dror , Ermolao Andrea , Farpour‐Lambert Nathalie , Pramono Adriyan , Woodward Euan , Bellicha Alice , Oppert Jean‐Michel 
Published: May 2021

SummaryMulticomponent behavior change interventions are typically used in weight management, but results are largely heterogeneous and modest. Determining which techniques (behavior change technique [BCTs]) are more effective in changing behavior is thus required. This study aimed to identify the most effective BCTs for increasing physical activity (PA) in digital and face‐to‐face behavior change interventions in adults with overweight/obesity. Four databases were searched for eligible studies until October 2019. BCTs were coded using BCTTv1 and MBCT taxonomies. Sixty‐two RCTs were included. Meta‐regressions were performed to explore BCTs' moderating role. Five BCTs showed significant moderator effects on PA in digital interventions: goal setting behavior, goal setting outcome, graded tasks, social incentive, and self‐monitoring of behavior (adjusted R2's = 0.15–0.51). One BCT showed significant moderator effects on PA in face‐to‐face interventions, behavioral practice and rehearsal (adjusted R2 = 0.22). Multivariate and sensitivity analysis generally led to similar findings. Effective BCTs for increasing PA in adults with overweight/obesity in digital and face‐to‐face interventions seem to differ. Evidence suggests that using goal setting, social incentive, and graded tasks might help improve PA in digital interventions while avoiding inconsistent self‐monitoring of behavior. In face‐to‐face interventions, prompting behavioral practice and rehearsal might lead to better PA outcomes. Still, further studies are needed. Implications of the current findings are discussed.
Luminogenic D‐Luciferin Derivatives as OATP1B1 and 1B3 Substrates in No‐wash Assays†
Authors: Ma Dongping , Wang Hui , Ugo Tim , Mustafa Dana , Zhou Wenhui , Cali James J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe human hepatic organic ion transporting polypeptides OATP1B1 and ‐1B3 are uptake transporters that influence the disposition of several small molecule drugs and perpetrate certain adverse drug‐drug interactions. To predict these in vivo effects, in vitro systems are used to screen new drug entities as potential transporter substrates or inhibitors. To simplify such studies, we synthesized luminogenic derivatives of the OATP1B1 and ‐1B3 substrate D‐luciferin to test as probe substrates in a rapid, no‐wash optical approach for substrate and inhibitor identification and characterization. Each derivative is a pro‐luciferin containing a self‐immolating trimethyl lock quinone linker that is sensitive to intracellular reducing environments that cause the release of free luciferin in proportion to the amount of probe taken up by the transporter. A subsequent luciferin‐limited luciferase reaction produces light in proportion to transporter activity. We tested the derivatives in HEK293 cells that overexpress OATP1B1 or OATP1B3 by transient transfection or viral transduction. Derivatives were identified that showed OATP‐dependent uptake that was time and concentration dependent, saturable and sensitive to inhibition by known OATP1B1 and ‐1B3 substrates and inhibitors. These luminogenic transporter probes enabled an add‐only multi‐well plate protocol suitable for automation and high throughput screening.
Physical Performance Differences Between Spanish Selected and Nonselected Para-Footballers With Cerebral Palsy for the National Team
Authors: Peña-González Iván , Sarabia José M. , Roldan Alba , Manresa-Rocamora Agustín , Moya-Ramón Manuel 
Published: May 2021

In regular football, the players’ selection process involves an objective assessment based on their anthropometric and physical performance. However, available literature focused on players’ selection process in cerebral palsy (CP) football is scarce. Purpose: To describe the anthropometrical and physical performance profiles of the International Spanish CP footballers and to compare them with the remaining CP football players from the national competition. Method: A total of 75 CP football players from the Spanish CP Football National Competition (classified into the 3 existing classes: football class [FT] 1 = 38; FT2 = 29; FT3 = 8) participated in the study. Participants were divided into 2 groups: selected players (n = 15) and nonselected players (n = 60) for the national team. Anthropometrical data and physical performance (countermovement jump, 20-m sprint, modified agility T-test [MAT], and dribbling test) were collected. Results: There were significant differences in the 20-m sprint, MAT, and dribbling for the total sample and in MAT and dribbling for FT2 and FT3 classes between selected players and nonselected players (P < .05), but there were no differences for FT1. The MAT and dribbling showed a positive correlation and a high percentage of player selection prediction. Conclusion: Change-of-direction ability (ie, MAT) and dribbling skills are important when performing the selection process, as they allow the evaluation of important aspects of the game, but they may also provide the technical staff with an idea of the functionality and the physical performance of the players in each sport class.
Examining the Relationship Between Parental Stress and Girls’ and Boys’ Physical Activity Among Racially/Ethnically Diverse and Immigrant/Refugee Populations
Authors: Berge Jerica M. , Cheatom Octavia , Fertig Angela R. , Tate Allan , Trofholz Amanda , Brito Junia N. , Shippee Nathan 
Published: May 2021

Given the high prevalence of overweight/obesity and the low prevalence of engaging in physical activity in children, it is important to identify barriers that impede child physical activity. One potential barrier is parental stress. The current study examined the association between parental stress levels and girls’ and boys’ moderate to vigorous physical activity. Children aged 5–7 years and their families (n = 150) from 6 racial/ethnic groups (n = 25 each Black, Hispanic, Hmong, Native American, Somali, and White families) were recruited for the Family Matters mixed-methods study in 2015 through primary care clinics in Minneapolis and St Paul, MN. Two in-home visits were carried out with families 10 days apart for data collection, with an 8-day observational period in between when children wore accelerometers. Higher parental stress levels were associated with fewer minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity in girls (P < .05) compared with boys. On average, girls with a parent reporting a stress rating of 10 engaged in 24 minutes less of physical activity per day than girls with a parent with a stress rating of 1. The results suggest that parental stress may reduce girls’ engagement in physical activity. The implications of these results include targeting parental stress and coping skills in future physical activity interventions. In addition, when addressing child physical activity in health care visits with parents and daughters, providers may want to focus their anticipatory guidance on parental stress and coping skills in addition to providing resources to help parents manage stress.
Suicide and self-harm in adult survivors of critical illness: population based cohort study
Authors: Fernando Shannon M , Qureshi Danial , Sood Manish M , Pugliese Michael , Talarico Robert , Myran Daniel T , Herridge Margaret S , Needham Dale M , Rochwerg Bram , Cook Deborah J , Wunsch Hannah , Fowler Robert A , Scales Damon C , Bienvenu O Joseph , Rowan Kathryn M , Kisilewicz Magdalena , Thompson Laura H , Tanuseputro Peter , Kyeremanteng Kwadwo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective
To analyse the association between survival from critical illness and suicide or self-harm after hospital discharge.

Design
Population based cohort study using linked and validated provincial databases.

Setting
Ontario, Canada between January 2009 and December 2017 (inclusive).

Participants
Consecutive adult intensive care unit (ICU) survivors (≥18 years) were included. Linked administrative databases were used to compare ICU hospital survivors with hospital survivors who never required ICU admission (non-ICU hospital survivors). Patients were categorised based on their index hospital admission (ICU or non-ICU) during the study period.

Main outcome measures
The primary outcome was the composite of death by suicide (as noted in provincial death records) and deliberate self-harm events after discharge. Each outcome was also assessed independently. Incidence of suicide was evaluated while accounting for competing risk of death from other causes. Analyses were conducted by using overlap propensity score weighted, cause specific Cox proportional hazard models.

Results

423 060 consecutive ICU survivors (mean age 61.7 years, 39% women) were identified. During the study period, the crude incidence (per 100 000 person years) of suicide, self-harm, and the composite of suicide or self-harm among ICU survivors was 41.4, 327.9, and 361.0, respectively, compared with 16.8, 177.3, and 191.6 in non-ICU hospital survivors. Analysis using weighted models showed that ICU survivors (
v
non-ICU hospital survivors) had a higher risk of suicide (adjusted hazards ratio 1.22, 95% confidence interval 1.11 to 1.33) and self-harm (1.15, 1.12 to 1.19). Among ICU survivors, several factors were associated with suicide or self-harm: previous depression or anxiety (5.69, 5.38 to 6.02), previous post-traumatic stress disorder (1.87, 1.64 to 2.13), invasive mechanical ventilation (1.45, 1.38 to 1.54), and renal replacement therapy (1.35, 1.17 to 1.56).

Conclusions
Survivors of critical illness have increased risk of suicide and self-harm, and these outcomes were associated with pre-existing psychiatric illness and receipt of invasive life support. Knowledge of these prognostic factors might allow for earlier intervention to potentially reduce this important public health problem.
Protocol for a prospective, observational, deep phenotyping study on adipose epigenetic and lipidomic determinants of metabolic homoeostasis in South Asian Indians: the Indian Diabetes and Metabolic Health (InDiMeT) study
Authors: Nadiger Nikhil , Devi Sarita , Thomas Tinku , Sivadas Ambily , Raj-Kuriyan Rebecca , Govindaraj Sridar , Kurpad Anura V , Mukhopadhyay Arpita 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionWe describe the rationale and broad study design of the Indian Diabetes and Metabolic Health (InDiMeT) study, a new prospective, observational study incorporating extensive epigenetic (DNA methylation) and lipidomic signatures to examine their association with the dysregulation of adipose de novo lipogenesis (DNL) in South Asian Indians. The InDiMeT study aims to use a case–control design to identify genetic and modifiable-environmental-lifestyle associated determinants of (1) epigenomic (DNA methylome) dysregulation of adipose DNL in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) adipose tissue, (2) identify correlates of epigenomic (DNA methylome) dysregulation of adipose DNL in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from T2DM subjects and (3) elucidate plasma lipidomic correlates of adipose DNL in T2DM that can be used as biomarkers of adipose tissue dysfunction.Methods and analysisThe InDiMeT study will involve recruitment of 176 normoglycaemic and T2DM individuals who will be undergoing laparoscopic surgery for clinical conditions. Extensive phenotyping of the subjects will be conducted and DNA methylome and lipidomic measurements will be made. The adipose DNL pathway genes are likely to be hypermethylated in patients with T2DM with corresponding reduction of gene expression. Correlates of epigenomic (DNA methylome) dysregulation of adipose DNL pathway in PBMCs and their adipose and plasma lipidomic signatures in T2DM subjects could act as early markers of development of T2DM.Ethics and disseminationFor the InDiMeT study, ethical approval for addressing the specific aims has been obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee, St John’s Medical College and Hospital, St John’s National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore. Findings from this study will be disseminated through scientific publications in peer-reviewed journals, research conferences and via presentations to stakeholders, patients, clinicians, public and policymakers through appropriate channels.
Current Limitations of Invasive Exercise Hemodynamics for the Diagnosis of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Baratto Claudia , Caravita Sergio , Soranna Davide , Faini Andrea , Dewachter Céline , Zambon Antonella , Perego Giovanni Battista , Bondue Antoine , Senni Michele , Badano Luigi P. , Parati Gianfranco , Vachiéry Jean-Luc 
Published: May 2021

Background:

Exercise hemodynamics can differentiate heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) from noncardiac dyspnea. However, respiratory pressure swings may impact hemodynamic measurements, potentially leading to misdiagnosis of HFpEF. Moreover, threshold values for abnormal hemodynamic response indicative of HFpEF are not universally accepted. Thus, we sought to evaluate the impact of respiratory pressure swings on hemodynamic data interpretation as well as the concordance among 3 proposed exercise hemodynamic criteria for HFpEF: (1) end-expiratory pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP
exp
) ≥25 mm Hg; (2) PAWP
exp
/cardiac output slope >2 mm Hg/L per minute; and (3) respiratory-averaged (avg) mean pulmonary artery pressure >30 mm Hg, total pulmonary resistance
avg
>3 WU, PAWP
avg
≥20 mm Hg.

Methods:
Fifty-seven patients with unexplained dyspnea (70% women, 70±9 years) underwent exercise cardiac catheterization. The difference between end-expiratory and averaged hemodynamic values, as well as the concordance among the 3 hemodynamic definitions of HFpEF, were assessed.

Results:

End-expiratory hemodynamics measurements were higher than values averaged across the respiratory cycle. During exercise, a larger proportion of patients exceeded the threshold of 25 mm Hg for PAWP
exp
rather than for PAWP
avg
(70% versus 53%,
P
<0.01). The concordance of 3/3 HFpEF exercise hemodynamic criteria was recorded in 70% of patients. PAWP
exp
/cardiac output slope identified HFpEF more frequently than the other 2 criteria (81% versus 64% to 69%), incorporating over 97% of abnormal responses to the latter. Patients with 3/3 positive criteria had worse clinical, gas-exchange, and hemodynamic profiles.

Conclusions:

Respiratory pressure swings impact on the exercise hemodynamic definitions of HFpEF that provide discordant results in 30% of patients. Equivocal diagnoses of HFpEF might be limited by adopting the most sensitive and inclusive criterion alone (ie, PAWP
exp
/cardiac output slope).