bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zur Ortbeton‐Ergänzung einschaliger Halbfertigteilwände
Authors: Fasching Stephan , Stoiber Michael , Rath Michael , Kollegger Johann 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAm Institut für Tragkonstruktionen der Technischen Universität Wien wird derzeit an einem neuen Bauverfahren für vorgespannte Hohlkastenbrücken geforscht, wobei dünnwandige Halbfertigteile zum Einsatz kommen, die das Gewicht im Bauzustand erheblich reduzieren. Das geringste Eigengewicht wird bei der Verwendung einschaliger Wände für die Stege des Hohlkastens im Bauzustand erreicht. Diese Arbeit behandelt Untersuchungen zur Ergänzung von solchen einschaligen Halbfertigteilwänden mit Ortbeton, wobei drei Lösungsvorschläge, mit Spritzbeton, konventioneller Schalung und eine Lösung, die in ihrer Wirkung einer Doppelwand entspricht, präsentiert werden. Diese wurden praktisch erprobt, an Bohrkernen die Betonqualität untersucht und mithilfe zerstörender Untersuchungen wurde die Betonfestigkeit des Spritzbetons geprüft. Mit den Untersuchungen konnte gezeigt werden, dass große Einbauteile wie Hüllrohre und Stahlträgerflansche die Ausbildung von Spritzschatten bei Spritzbeton begünstigen und eine konventionelle Schalung neben einer Halbfertigteilwand praxistauglich, jedoch in der Ausführung aufwendig ist. Messungen zeigten den raschen Abbau des Frischbetondrucks beim Verfüllen einer Wand mit einseitiger Schalung. Durch das Verbinden von zwei Wandschalen ist eine Doppelwand sowohl aus statischer als auch aus baupraktischer Sicht stets zu bevorzugen. Wo das nicht möglich ist, sollten eine konventionelle Schalung oder Fertigteile mit einer Halbfertigteilwand verbunden werden, um dieselbe statische Wirkung wie bei einer Doppelwand zu erzielen.
Metal‐to‐Metal Distance Modulated Au(I)/Ru(II) Cyclophanyl Complexes: Cooperative Effects in Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Zippel Christoph , Israil Roumany , Schüssler Lars , Hassan Zahid , Schneider Erik K. , Weis Patrick , Nieger Martin , Bizzarri Claudia , Kappes Manfred M. , Riehn Christoph , Diller Rolf , Bräse Stefan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe modular synthesis of Au(I)/Ru(II) decorated mono‐ and heterobimetallic complexes with π‐conjugated [2.2]paracyclophane is described. [2.2]Paracyclophane serves as a rigid spacer which holds the metal centers in precise spatial orientations and allows metal‐to‐metal distance modulation. A broad set of architectural arrangements of pseudo ‐geminal, ‐ortho, ‐meta, and ‐para substitution patterns were employed. Metal‐to‐metal distance modulation of Au(I)/Ru(II) heterobimetallic complexes and the innate transannular π‐communication of the cyclophanyl scaffold provides a promising platform for the investigations of structure‐activity relationship and cooperative effects. The Au(I)/Ru(II) heterobimetallic cyclophanyl complexes are stable, easily accessible, and exhibit promising catalytic activity in the visible‐light promoted arylative Meyer‐Schuster rearrangement.
Brain atrophy trajectories predict differential functional performance in Alzheimer's disease: Moderations with apolipoprotein E and sex
Authors: Sapkota Shraddha , Ramirez Joel , Yhap Vanessa , Masellis Mario , Black Sandra E. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionWe examine whether distinct brain atrophy patterns (using brain parenchymal fraction [BPF]) differentially predict functional performance and decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and are independently moderated by (1) a key AD genetic risk marker (apolipoprotein E [APOE]), (2) sex, and (3) high‐risk group (women APOE ɛ4 carriers).MethodsWe used a 2‐year longitudinal sample of AD patients (baseline N = 170; mean age = 71.3 [9.1] years) from the Sunnybrook Dementia Study. We applied latent class analysis, latent growth modeling, and path analysis. We aimed to replicate our findings (N = 184) in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative.ResultsWe observed that high brain atrophy class predicted lower functional performance and steeper decline. This association was moderated by APOE, sex, and high‐risk group. Baseline findings as moderated by APOE and high‐risk group were replicated.DiscussionWomen APOE ɛ4 carriers may selectively be at a greater risk of functional impairment with higher brain atrophy.
Synthesis, characterization, method development, and validation of nor‐ethylmorphine hydrochloride reference material using established analytical techniques for dope control analysis
Authors: Pawar Sachin D. , Kumar Gangasani J. , Chikkondra Aruna , Lal Banwari , Radhakrishnanand P. , Murty Upadhyayula S. , Sahu P. L. , Dubey Sachin , Soni Arpit , Kumar Pramod 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEthylmorphine is permitted internationally for therapeutic purposes where morphine is not indicated across the globe. Nor‐ethylmorphine a major metabolite of ethylmorphine. To differentiate the intake of morphine from ethylmorphine, nor‐ethylmorphine stable reference material is desirable. There is no available commercial source and no data for reference material context for this substance. Therefore, nor‐ethylmorphine HCl was synthesized and characterized, and purity and potency were assessed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), thermogravimetry (TGA), and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Purity and potency were found to be 98.29% and 96.40%, respectively, providing a fit for purpose reference material for doping control analysis in sports.
Chiral Phosphoric Acids as Versatile Tools for Organocatalytic Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenations
Authors: Pálvölgyi Ádám Márk , Scharinger Fabian , Schnürch Michael , Bica‐Schröder Katharina 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHerein, recent developments in the field of organocatalytic asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) of C=N, C=O and C=C double bonds using chiral phosphoric acid catalysis are reviewed. This still rapidly growing area of asymmetric catalysis relies on metal‐free catalysts in combination with biomimetic hydrogen sources. Chiral phosphoric acids have proven to be extremely versatile tools in this area, providing highly active and enantioselective alternatives for the asymmetric reduction of α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds, imines and various heterocycles. Eventually, such transformations are more and more often used in multicomponent/cascade reactions, which undoubtedly shows their great synthetic potential and the bright future of organocatalytic asymmetric transfer hydrogenations.
The AMPA receptor antagonist perampanel suppresses epileptic activity in human focal cortical dysplasia
Authors: Brito da Silva Anderson , Pennifold Jane , Henley Ben , Chatterjee Koustav , Bateman David , Whittaker Roger W. , Joshi Abhijit , Kumar Hrishikesh , Nicholson Claire , Baker Mark R. , Greenhill Stuart D. , Walsh Richard , Seri Stefano , Jones Roland S. G. , Woodhall Gavin L. , Cunningham Mark O. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFocal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is one of the most common malformations causing refractory epilepsy. Dysregulation of glutamatergic systems plays a critical role in the hyperexcitability of dysplastic neurons in FCD lesions. The pharmacoresistant nature of epilepsy associated with FCD may be due to a lack of well‐tolerated and precise antiepileptic drugs that can target glutamate receptors. Here, for the first time in human FCD brain slices, we show that the established, noncompetitive α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor antagonist, perampanel has potent antiepileptic action. Moreover, we demonstrate that this effect is due to a reduction in burst firing behavior in human FCD microcircuits. These data support a potential role for the treatment of refractory epilepsy associated with FCD in human patients.
The fronto‐parietal network is not a flexible hub during naturalistic cognition
Authors: Caldinelli Chiara , Cusack Rhodri 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe fronto‐parietal network (FPN) is crucial for cognitively demanding tasks as it selectively represents task‐relevant information and controls other brain regions. To implement these functions, it has been argued that it is a flexible hub that reconfigures its functional connectivity with other networks. This was supported by a study in which a set of demanding tasks were presented, that varied in their sensory features, comparison rules, and response mappings, and the FPN showed greater reconfiguration of functional connectivity between tasks than any other network. However, this task set was designed to engage the FPN, and therefore it remains an open question whether the FPN is in a flexible hub in general or only for such task sets. Using two freely available datasets (Experiment 1, N = 15, Experiment 2, N = 644), we examined dynamic functional connectivity during naturalistic cognition, while participants watched a movie. Many differences in the flexibility were found across networks but the FPN was not the most flexible hub in the brain, during either movie for any of two measures, using a regression model or a correlation model and across five timescales. We, therefore, conclude that the FPN does not have the trait of being a flexible hub, although it may adopt this state for particular task sets.
The infection characteristics and autophagy defect of dermal macrophages in STZ‐induced diabetic rats skin wound Staphylococcus aureus infection model
Authors: Xie Xiaoying , Zhong Rihui , Luo Ling , Lin Xianghua , Huang Lisi , Huang Songyin , Ni Lijia , Chen Baiji , Shen Rui , Yan Li , Duan Chaohui 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionDiabetic foot ulcer infection (DFI) is an infectious disease of the skin and soft tissue in diabetics notorious for making rapid progress and being hard to cure. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), most frequently detected in DFI, recently was suggested as an intracellular pathogen that can invade and survive within mammalian host cells. Autophagy in macrophages plays a vital immune role in combating intracellular pathogens through bacterial destruction, but there is a lack of empirical research about the infection characteristics and autophagy in diabetic skin infection.MethodsHere, we used streptozotocin‐induced Sprague Dawley rats as a diabetic skin wound model to examine the S. aureus clearance ability and wound healing in vitro. Western blot and immunofluorescence staining were used to evaluate the autophagic flux of the macrophages in diabetic rats dermis, even with S. aureus infection.ResultsWe demonstrated that infections in diabetic rats appeared more severe and more invasive with weakened pathogen clearance ability of the host immune system, which coincided with the suppressed autophagic flux in dermal macrophages, featured by a significant increase in endogenous LC3II/I and in p62.ConclusionsOur results first provided convincing evidence that autophagy of macrophages was dysfunctional in diabetes, especially after being infected by S. aureus, which weakens the intracellular killing of S. aureus, potentially worsens the infections, and accelerates the infection spread in the diabetic rat model. Further understanding of the special immune crosstalk between diabetes host and S. aureus infection through autophagic factors will help to explain the complex clinical phenomenon and guarantee the development of effective therapies for diabetic foot infections.
Water shortages, irrigation frequency, and preference for technologies and agricultural services: The case of Jordan*
Authors: Balasubramanya Soumya , Stifel David , McDonnell Rachael 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe use of improved technologies has been encouraged to improve irrigation on farms, especially in drought‐prone areas. However, farmers' irrigation decisions may be rather motivated by a desire to reduce risk of crop loss than to reduce water use. Using the case of Jordan, we contribute to the water‐saving debate by examining whether current irrigation frequency is influenced by past experiences of losses due to water shortage and whether preferences for technologies and irrigation advisory services are mediated by water shortage experiences. Our data are based on a survey of 304 fruit farms in the highlands that were all using drip irrigation, a popular way to “save” water globally. We find that farms that faced losses due to water shortages in the past are more likely to irrigate more frequently. More frequent irrigators who have such shortages are more likely to prefer receiving irrigation advisory information rather than upgrading technologies, while more frequent irrigators who have not faced such shortages are more likely to prefer upgrading irrigation technologies. Results suggest that irrigation management is motivated by risk reduction, not just by water conservation. Irrigation advisory services, hitherto neglected, may be an important component of agricultural water management in Jordan.
Advances in vibrational configuration interaction theory ‐ part 1: Efficient calculation of vibrational angular momentum terms
Authors: Mathea Tina , Rauhut Guntram 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFinite basis vibrational configuration interaction theory (VCI) is a highly accurate method for the variational calculation of state energies and related properties, but suffers from fast growing computational costs in dependence of the size of the correlation space. In this series of papers, concepts and techniques will be presented, which diminish the computational demands and thus broaden the applicability of this method to larger molecules or more complex situations. This first part focuses on a highly efficient implementation of the vibrational angular momentum (VAM) terms as occurring in the Watson Hamiltonian and the prediagonalization of initial subspaces within an iterative configuration selective VCI implementation. Working equations and benchmark calculations are provided, the latter demonstrating the increased performance of the new algorithm.
Advances in vibrational configuration interaction theory ‐ part 2: Fast screening of the correlation space
Authors: Mathea Tina , Petrenko Taras , Rauhut Guntram 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFor larger molecules, the computational demands of configuration selective vibrational configuration interaction theory (cs‐VCI) are usually dominated by the configuration selection process, which commonly is based on second order vibrational Møller‐Plesset perturbation (VMP2) theory. Here we present two techniques, which lead to substantial accelerations of such calculations while retaining the desired high accuracy of the final results. The first one introduces the concept of configuration classes, which allows for a highly efficient exploitation of the analogs of the Slater‐Condon rules in vibrational structure calculations with large correlation spaces. The second approach uses a VMP2 like vector for augmenting the targeted vibrational wavefunction within the selection of configurations and thus avoids any intermediate diagonalization steps. The underlying theory is outlined and benchmark calculations are provided for highly correlated vibrational states of several molecules.
Muscle ultrasonography in detecting fasciculations: A noninvasive diagnostic tool for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Rajula Rahul Reddy , Saini Jitender , Unnikrishnan Gopikrishnan , Vengalil Seena , Nashi Saraswati , Bardhan Mainak , Huddar Akshata , Chawla Tanushree , Sindhu Dodmalur Malikarjuna , Ganaraja Valakunja Harikrishna , Polavarapu Kiran , Preethish‐Kumar Veeramani , Kandavel Thennarasu , Nalini Atchayaram 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesMuscle ultrasound (MUS) is an emerging noninvasive tool to identify fasciculations in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We assessed the utility of MUS in detecting fasciculations in suspected ALS patients.MethodsThirty‐three patients (25 men) with possible (n = 7), probable (n = 12), or definite ALS according to Awaji criteria were studied. Electromyography was done in biceps brachii, quadriceps, and thoracic paraspinal muscles and MUS in biceps, triceps, deltoid, abductor‐digiti‐minimi, quadriceps, hamstrings, tibialis anterior, thoracic paraspinal, and tongue muscles.ResultsThe age at onset and illness duration was 49.73 ± 12.7 years and 13.57 ± 9.7 months, respectively. Limb‐onset = 24 patients (72.7%) and bulbar‐onset = 9 (27.3%). Totally 561 muscles were examined by MUS. Fasciculations were detected in 84.3% of muscles, 98.4% with and 73% without clinical fasciculations (p < 0.001). Fasciculation detection rate (FDR) by MUS was significantly higher in muscles with wasting (95.6%) than without wasting (77.6%, p < 0.001). Compared with EMG, FDR was significantly higher with MUS in quadriceps (81.8% vs. 51.5%, p = 0.002) and thoracic paraspinal muscles (75.8% vs. 42.4%, p = 0.013). The proportion of patients with definite ALS increased from 42% by clinical examination to 70% after combining EMG and MUS findings.ConclusionsMUS is more sensitive in detecting fasciculations than electromyography (EMG) and provides a safer, faster, painless, and noninvasive alternative to EMG in detecting fasciculations in ALS.
P2X4 purinergic receptors offer a therapeutic target for aggressive prostate cancer
Authors: Maynard Janielle P , Lu Jiayun , Vidal Igor , Hicks Jessica , Mummert Luke , Ali Tamirat , Kempski Ryan , Carter Ayanna M. , Sosa Rebecca Y , Peiffer Lauren B , Joshu Corinne E , Lotan Tamara L , De Marzo Angelo M. , Sfanos Karen S 
Published: October 2021

AbstractProstate cancer (PCa) remains a leading cause of cancer‐related deaths in American men and treatment options for metastatic PCa are limited. There is a critical need to identify new mechanisms that contribute to PCa progression, that distinguish benign from lethal disease, and that have potential for therapeutic targeting. P2X4 belongs to the P2 purinergic receptor family that is commonly upregulated in cancer and is associated with poorer outcomes. We observed P2X4 protein expression primarily in epithelial cells of the prostate, a subset of CD66+ neutrophils, and most CD68+ macrophages. Our analysis of tissue microarrays representing 491 PCa cases demonstrated significantly elevated P2X4 expression in cancer‐ compared with benign‐tissue spots, in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and in PCa with ERG positivity or with PTEN loss. High‐level P2X4 expression in benign tissues was likewise associated with the development of metastasis after radical prostatectomy. Treatment with the P2X4‐specific agonist cytidine 5′‐triphosphate (CTP) increased Transwell migration and invasion of PC3, DU145, and CWR22Rv1 PCa cells. The P2X4 antagonist 5‐(3‐bromophenyl)‐1,3‐dihydro‐2H‐benzofuro[3,2‐e]‐1,4‐diazepin‐2‐one (5‐BDBD) resulted in a dose‐dependent decrease in viability of PC3, DU145, LNCaP, CWR22Rv1, TRAMP‐C2, Myc‐CaP, BMPC1, and BMPC2 cells and decreased DU145 cell migration and invasion. Knockdown of P2X4 attenuated growth, migration, and invasion of PCa cells. Finally, knockdown of P2X4 in Myc‐CaP cells resulted in significantly attenuated subcutaneous allograft growth in FVB/NJ mice. Collectively, these data strongly support a role for the P2X4 purinergic receptor in PCa aggressiveness and identify P2X4 as a candidate for therapeutic targeting. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical and experimental study of the flow of a molten polymer in a micro‐compounder
Authors: Berton Irène , Castellani Romain , Sardo Lucas , Valette Rudy , Vergnes Bruno 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMicro‐compounders are more and more used to characterize and optimize the formulations and the flow conditions of complex materials, with very low quantities, around a few grams. These machines are composed of a small‐size conical twin‐screw extruder, coupled with a recirculating channel, in which the material can be processed during a fixed time and a certain number of cycles, before being purged. However, the precise flow conditions inside these machines are not well known, what makes an optimal interpretation of the results difficult. Therefore, in this paper, a theoretical model based on continuum mechanics is proposed to calculate the flow in the recirculating mode. An experimental study on a well‐chosen polymer is carried out to define the influences of the main processing parameters (screw speed, mass of material, barrel temperature) and to validate the model. Despite the simplicity of the theoretical approach, the calculated results are in satisfactory agreement with the experiments.
Validierung der Windersatzlasten auf Wandkonstruktionen mit Sandwichelementen
Authors: Funke Alexander , Janczyk Kevin , Kemper Frank , Kuhnhenne Markus , Feldmann Markus 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIm Jahr 2009 wurde die harmonisierte Norm DIN EN 14509 mit dem Titel „Selbsttragende Sandwichelemente mit beidseitigen Metalldeckschichten“ eingeführt. Diese ist in der aktualisierten Form von 2013 bis heute gültig und regelt u. a. die Bemessungsverfahren für Sandwichelemente. Seit Einführung wurde die Windlastmodellierung für die großflächigen Fassadenelemente diskutiert, da die Neuregelung im Zusammenhang mit der Windlastnorm DIN EN 1991‐1‐4:2012 zu höheren Windlasten, insbesondere im Eckbereich führte. In dieser Studie wurden deswegen die Auswirkungseffekte auf der Strukturebene bestimmt und statistisch bewertet, um ein realistisches Windlastmodell für die betrachtete Bauweise zu erhalten. Es wurden sowohl hochauflösende Windkanalmessungen als auch Bauteilversuche durchgeführt, um reale Lastweiterleitungseffekte an Sandwichsystemen im Originalmaßstab zu identifizieren. Die Überlagerung beider und die statistische Absicherung führten zu dem Ergebnis, dass die bestehenden Modelle keine generelle Lastminderung erkennen lassen und der Nachweis der Elemente auch bez. des Lastwerts in der Gebäudeecke im Wesentlichen zutreffend ist. Es konnte jedoch gezeigt werden, dass der für die großflächigen Elemente maßgebende Korrelationseffekt, entgegen der derzeitigen Bemessungspraxis, auch für die Verbindungsmittel ansetzbar ist, sodass die Modellierung lokaler Sogspitzen nicht nötig ist und auch hier die cpe,10‐Beiwerte aus DIN EN 1991‐1‐4:2012 genutzt werden können.
A unified approach for determining the strength of Frc members subjected to torsion—Part I: Experimental investigation
Authors: Facconi Luca , Amin Ali , Minelli Fausto , Plizzari Giovanni 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe strength and behavior of fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) members subjected to torsion has received little attention in the literature. The primary objective of including fibers in concrete is to bridge cracks once they form, and in doing so, provide some post‐cracking resistance to the otherwise brittle concrete. This and the accompanying paper that follows present the results of a comprehensive experimental and analytical study aimed at describing the behavior and strength of FRC members subjected to torsion. In this paper, results are presented on large scale pure torsion tests which have been conducted on eighteen 2.7 m long by 0.3 m wide by 0.3 m high beams with varying transverse and longitudinal reinforcement ratios along with varying steel fiber types and dosages. The results of this study demonstrates that the addition of steel fibers significantly increases the stiffness, rigidity and the maximum resisting torque and maximum twist when compared to the same specimen without fibers. The addition of fibers substantially reduced crack widths and crack spacings induced by torsion. The complementary behavior of specimens containing fibers and stirrups is explored along with a critical discussion on members containing low amounts of conventional longitudinal and/or transverse reinforcement.