bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Syntheses and identification of cefotaxime-non-transition metal complexes
Authors: Mohamed S. Teleb  , Soha F. Mohammed  , Akmal S. Gaballa  
Published: April 2021

The coordination chemistry of the biologically active cefotaxime sodium and, in particular, the mode of its interaction with some metal ions of electronic configuration d0 (alkaline earth) and others, Zn(II), Pb(II), and Ce ions with the electronic configuration d10 has been investigated. Seven complexes were synthesized, isolated in the solid-state, and characterized by elemental analyses, conductivity measurements, IR and UV/VIS spectra, as well as thermal analyses. Based on the obtained experimental data and literature, the structural formulae to these complexes were suggested and formulated as [Mg(cef)2].2H2O (1), [Ca(cef)2].2H2O (2) [Sr(cef)2].2H2O (3), [Ba(cef)2].2H2O (4), [Zn(cef)2(H2O)2] (5), [Pb(cef)2(H2O)2].4H2O (6) and [Ce(cef)2(H2O)2].3H2O (7). The data obtained show that cefotaxime interacted with metal in a molar ratio of 2:1, respectively. Cefotaxime bonded to metal ions in the anionic form as a bidentate ligand through the lactam carbonyl (C=O) and the carboxylate group (COO-). Tetrahedral and octahedral shapes were proposed as the most likely geometries associated with a metal having such electronic configurations. The absorption bands observed in the electronic spectrum of free cefotaxime are also observed with some shifts in the spectra of its complexes, indicating their formation. The absorption bands of free cefotaxime and its complexes were assigned to electronic transitions. The thermal analyses date strongly support the structures proposed for the complexes and indicate the formation of the corresponding metal oxide as a final decomposition product.
Las crisis del espacio Schengen:
Authors: Zamarripa Ruiz Marlene 
Published: April 2021

El presente artículo aborda las sucesivas dificultades por las que ha atravesado el espacio Schengen, la zona libre de controles fronterizos en Europa, provocadas por los distintos problemas que han afectado la integración europea en las últimas décadas, entre los más significativos la crisis de los refugiados, y recientemente, la pandemia por Covid-19. Estas circunstancias han provocado la reintroducción de controles fronterizos en los países que integran el espacio Schengen, lo cual daña no sólo la libre movilidad de personas, sino al mercado único europeo, al ser un aspecto necesario para el funcionamiento de éste. Por ello, es necesario extraer las lecciones que estas crisis han dejado para la supervivencia del espacio Schengen como un elemento indispensable de la integración europea.
MODEL PERUBAHAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN DI WILAYAH PERI URBAN KOTA MALANG
Authors: Rofii Imam 
Published: April 2021

<p><em>Perkembangan fisik kota terkadang melewati batas-batas administrasi kota itu sendiri. Ukuran kota yang mengalami sprawl terus membesar hingga pada suatu saat seolah-olah menyatu dengan kota-kota di sekitarnya sehingga menjadikan dua atau lebih kawasan yang secara administrasi berbeda (terpisah) jadi satu kesatuan kenampakan kekotaan (kota metropolitan) dengan bentuk dan fungsi-fungsi bangunan yang berkarakteristik kota. Kota Malang telah berkembang menjadi pusat aktifitas sehingga meningkatkan kebutuhan akan lahan. keterbatasan lahan di dalam Kota Malang menyebabkankan terjadinya perkembangan kota menjalar kewilayah-wilayah lain disekitarnya. Kabupaten Malang sebagai salah satu wilayah yang berbatasan dengan Kota Malang menerima dampaknya. pada umumnya keberadaan Urban Sprawl di suatu wilayah di tandai dengan munculnya permukiman di pinggiran kota, demikian pula yang terjadi di Kabupaten Malang<strong></strong></em></p><p><em>T</em><em>u</em><em>j</em><em>u</em><em>an penelitian ini adalah untuk membangun model perubahan penggunaan lahan dan perkembangan Urban Sprawl di Kawasan peri urban Kota Malang. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan Model IDRISI SELVA - Land Use change Modeller. </em></p><p><em>P</em><em>ada kurun waktu 2004-2014 perubahan penggunaan lahan di Kawasan Kota Malang didominasi oleh peningkatan penggunaan lahan terbangun. Selama 10 (sepuluh) tahun lahan terbangun bertambah sebesar 45% untuk mengakomodasi pertumbuhan penduduk sebesar 6.877,60 jiwa. Dari pola perubahan tersebut di prediksi bahwa kebutuhan lahan untuk lahan terbangun pada tahun 2030 adalah sebesar 208.91 ha untuk mengakomodasi pertumbuhan penduduk pada tahun 2030 sebesar 1.326.56 jiwa, faktor pendorong perubahan lahan yang paling mempengaruhi adalah faktor jarak terhadap bangunan dengan nilai 40%. Model yang dibangun dengan pendekatan Land Use change Modeller sangat baik dan dapat digunakan karena memiliki tingkat validasi 83.42% sehingga model yang di bangun dapat digunakan sebagai basis prediksi perubahan lahan di tahun 2030. Perubahan penggunaan lahan non terbangun menjadi lahan terbangun di tahun 2004-2014 sebesar 45% diiringi dengan peningkatan jumlah penduduk rata-rata sebesar 1,25% hal ini mengindikasikan fenomena Urban Sprawl dan perubahan penggunaan lahan non terbangun menjadi terbangun. hasil prediksi tahun 2030 sebesar 61% dengan prediksi pertumbuhan penduduk rata-rata sebesar 1.78% hal ini mengindikasikan terjadi fenome urban Sprawl.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p> </p>
Preliminary Study :Faktor Determinan Aktivitas Parkir Kapal Yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Kualitas Air Sungai Silugonggo
Authors: Rahman Boby , Aryanto Muhammad Sidiq 
Published: April 2021

<h1><em>ABSTRAK </em></h1><p><em>Sungai Silugonggo merupakan salah satu sungai di Kabupaten Pati Kecamatan Juwana yang memiliki aktivitas sungai yang padat. Salah satu aktivitas Sungai Silugonggo adalah parkir kapal yang berjejer hingga muara laut. Aktivitas parkir kapal ini memiliki potensi untuk dapat mencemari sungai. Sehingga dianalisis variabel parkir kapal apa yang secara determinan dapat memberikan pengaruh terhadap pencemaran sungai. Dengan metodologi kuantitatif dan Teknik analisis determinan, maka didapatkan bahwa variabel lama waktu parkir kapal dan lama parkir berdasarkan ukuran kapal mempunyai pengaruh terhadap tingkat pencemaran sungai.</em></p><p><strong><em>Kata Kunci</em></strong><em> : Parkir kapal, Analisis Determinan, Pencemaran Sungai</em></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong><em> </em></p><p><em>Silugonggo River is one of the rivers in Pati District, Juwana District, which has dense river activity. One of the activities of the Silugonggo River is parking the boats that line the mouth of the sea. This boat parking activity has the potential to pollute the river. So that the ship parking analysis variable can determinedly have an influence on river pollution. With quantitative methodology and determinant analysis techniques, it is found that the variables of ship parking time and length of time are determined based on the size of the ship which affects the level of river pollution.</em></p><p><em>Keywords: ship parking, determinant analysis, river pollution</em><em></em></p>
O RISCO DA CORRUPÇÃO NA ARBITRAGEM: UMA VISÃO DA METODOLOGIA INTERNACIONAL DAS RED-FLAGS DIANTE DAS TENDÊNCIAS E APLICAÇÕES DA LEGISLAÇÃO BRASILEIRA
Authors: Nóbrega Theresa Christine de Albuquerque , De Lima Alberto Jonathas Maia 
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar como a corrupção pode ser analisada nos processos arbitrais. Com a ampliação da utilização da arbitragem envolvendo a Administração Pública é necessária uma reflexão sobre o tratamento da corrupção por entidades e julgadores privados. A prática internacional oferece algumas diretrizes e casos julgados que podem nortear possíveis soluções. Diante desse novo cenário, será possível traçar pelo menos três posições para o tratamento da corrupção na arbitragem e também encontrar na legislação nacional algumas soluções jurídicas para essa problemática. Para tanto, será utilizada metodologia de revisão teórico-bibliográfica de autores nacionais e estrangeiros que abordam direta ou indiretamente o assunto. O procedimento metodológico utilizado será o dedutivo, partindo-se da análise macroanalítica dos institutos do Corrupção a Arbitragem, aplicando-os na especificidade do assunto.
Analisis Variasi Ketebalan Coating Senyawa Glasir terhadap Daya Tahan Dielektrik Isolator Keramik Saluran Transmisi 150kV
Authors: WARMI YUSRENI , FEBRIAN KAZNI 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar nilai coating isolator yang dapat ditembus listrik berdasarkan Basic Insulator Level (BIL). Metode yang digunakan dalam perhitungan tegangan tembus listrik ialah metode Anderson dalam hal ini Critical Fashover (CFO). Untuk mengetahui penurunan daya tahan dielektrik isolator dapat dilihat dari seberapa besar tegangan flashover yang dihasilkan. Hasil dari perhitungan disimulasikan dengan MATLAB logika fuzzy. Pada penelitian ini ketika isolator disetting pada coating 0,3 mm dengan waktu kejadian flash 2 μs maka tegangan flashover yang dihasilkan sebesar 1,3 MV. Hasil simulasi ini menunjukan bahwa pada coating 0,3 mm tegangan flashover yang dihasilkan melebihi dari BIL isolator yang sudah ditetapkan yakni sebesar 1,27 MV. Isolator dalam kondisi seperti ini dapat ditembus listrik atau daya tahan dielektriknya menurun. Secara bersamaan ketika kemampuan coating berkurang, maka dapat diklasifikasikan isolator dalam keadaan kotor.Kata kunci: isolator, coating, dielektrik, BIL, dan fashover ABSTRACTThis research aims to determine the value of the insulator that can be penetrated by electricity based on the Basic Insulator Level (BIL). The method used in the calculation of breakdown voltage is the Anderson method, in this case, Critical Flashover (CFO). To know a decrease in the dielectric resistance of the insulator can be seen from whatever the voltage resulting from a large flashover. The results of the calculations simulated with fuzzy logic Matlab. In this research, when the insulator set on a coating of 0.3 mm with a flash event time of 2 μs, then flashover voltage resulted in 1.3 MV. The simulation results show that at the coating 0.3 mm the result of flashover voltage exceeds the BIL insulator that has been set at 1.27 MV. Insulator in this condition can be penetrated by electricity or the dielectric resistance decreases. Simultaneously when the coating ability is reduced, then can be classified as a dirty insulator.Keyword: insulator, coating, dielectric, BIL, and flashover
Pemanfaatan Teknik Pemodelan Digital untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Bentuk dan Ergonomi pada shoe last Sepatu
Authors: Waskito Mohamad Arif 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRAKPada produk sepatu, kenyaman pakai merupakan faktor penting yang harus diperhatikan. Oleh karena itu sepatu yang baik akan memperhatikan kualitas bentuk dan ukuran shoe last pada saat pembuatannya. Ketidaksesuaian bentuk dan ukuran sepatu yang pakai pada kaki akan beresiko menyebabkan cedera secara temporer, bahkan untuk penggunaan dalam waktu lama dapat menimbulkan kecacatan pada kaki. Namun di industri kecil/menengah (IKM) alas kaki penentuan bentuk dan ukuran produk shoe last umumnya tidak melalui prosedur verifikasi yang baku. Penggunaan teknologi pemodelan digital pada pembuatan shoe last akan dapat membantu meningkatkan kualitas bentuk dan ukuran yang dihasilkannya. Melalui metode eksperimentasi digital yang didukung dengan data antropometri anatomi kaki responden lokal diharapkan akan menghasilkan sebuah metode baku perancangan shoe last tersebut. Metode perancangan digital untuk produk shoe last ini diharapkan akan bermanfaat bagi para pelaku usaha kecil alas kaki agar kualitas kenyamanan sepatu yang dibuatnya menjadi lebih baik dan berstandar.Kata kunci: Pemodelan digital, shoe last, IKM, kualitas kenyamanan ABSTRACTIn shoe products, wear comfort is an important factor that must be considered. Therefore, good shoes will pay attention to the quality of the shape and size of the last shoe at the time of manufacture. The improper shape and size of the shoes that are used on the feet will risk causing temporary injury, even for prolonged use, it can cause disability in the feet. However, in the small / medium-sized footwear industry (IKM), determining the shape and size of shoe last products generally does not go through a standard verification procedure. The use of digital modeling technology in making shoe lasts will help improve the quality of the shape and size it produces. Through the digital experimentation method that is supported by anthropometric data on the anatomy of the local respondents' feet, it is hoped that it will produce a standard method of designing the shoe last. It is hoped that this digital design method for shoe last products will be useful for small footwear entrepreneurs so that the quality of the comfort of the shoes they make becomes better and standard.Keywords: Digital modeling, shoe last, SMEs, comfort quality
Classificação de Eventos Extremos de Precipitação em Múltiplas Escalas de Tempo em Belém-PA: Utilizando o Índice de Precipitação Normalizada (Classification of Extreme Precipitation Events in Multiple Time Scales in Belém, PA: Using the Standardized ...)
Authors: Santos Sérgio Rodrigo Quadros dos , Braga Celia Campos , Santos Ana Paula Paes dos , Campos Thamiris Luiza de Oliveira Brandão , Brito José Ivaldo Barbosa de 
Published: April 2021

O Índice de Precipitação Normalizada (SPI) é utilizado para quantificar o déficit e/ou excesso de precipitação nas múltiplas escalas de tempo. Ele tem se mostrado bastante útil no monitoramento da precipitação, principalmente pela sua flexibilidade, simplicidade de cálculo e interpretação. Desta forma este estudo tem como objetivo quantificar os eventos extremos secos e chuvosos na cidade de Belém-PA nas escalas de tempo de 3, 6 e 12 meses por meio do SPI. Para isto, utilizaram-se dados mensais de precipitação provenientes da estação meteorológicas de superfície do INMET no período de 1980-2011. Os resultados mostraram que a escala de tempo do SPI é inversamente proporcional à frequência dos eventos de chuva e seca. Os SPIs 3,6 e 12 mostraram mais eventos secos do que chuvosos para a cidade e a maioria dos eventos de chuva e seca estavam associados, principalmente, ao fenômeno ENOS. ABSTRACT The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is used to quantify the deficit/ excess rainfall at multiple time scales. It has been very useful in monitoring of precipitation, mainly because of its flexibility, ease of calculation and interpretation. Thus this study aims to quantify the extreme wet and dry events in the city of Belém-PA in time scales of 3, 6 and 12 months by SPI. For this, we used monthly precipitation data from meteorological station at the INMET in the period 1980-2011. The results show that the timescale of the SPI is inversely proportional to the frequency of rain and dry events. The SPIs 3.6 and 12 showed driest events that rainy events to the city and most of the rainfall and drought events were associated, mainly, with the ENSO phenomenon. Key Words: Belem; SPI; Extreme Event.
Análise das Mudanças Ambientais Provocadas pela Expansão Urbana na Cidade de Mossoró-RN, Através do Uso de Técnicas de Sensoriamento Remoto (Environment Change Analysis Due Urban Expansion in Mossoró-RN City, with Remote Sensing)
Authors: Nascimento Francisco das Chagas Araujo , Araújo Fabiane Regina da Cunha Dantas , Santos Carlos Antonio Costa dos , Santos Elder Guedes dos 
Published: April 2021

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar com base no albedo da superfície, no índice de vegetação por diferença normalizada (IVDN), na temperatura da superfície e no saldo de radiação, as alterações ocorridas na cidade de Mossoró-RN provenientes do aumento da área urbanizada nos anos de 1994 a 2009. Utilizou-se 3 imagens do Mapeador Temático do satélite LANDSAT-5 dos dias 06 de julho de 1994, 06 de julho de 2000 e 31 de julho 2009. O processamento das imagens foi desenvolvido através da ferramenta Model Maker do software ERDAS Image. Os resultados mostraram que a medida que ocorre a aproximação em direção a região central da cidade as maiores temperaturas são registradas e com o distanciamento as temperaturas caem em torno de 3 a 5K. A implantação das construções civis aumentaram as áreas com baixos valores de IVDN por conta da retirada da cobertura da vegetação nativa. A supressão de áreas verdes na região estudada e sua substituição por estruturas urbanas como asfalto e concreto, resultaram no aumento da quantidade de energia disponível para aquecimento, justificando o aumento da temperatura da superfície. Ao longo dos 15 anos decorridos de 1994 a 2009 o crescimento urbano foi visível e consequentemente o aumento do calor aprisionado, podendo assim o centro urbano de Mossoró ser considerado uma ilha de calor urbano. ABSTRACT This work aims to analyze based on surface albedo, the index of normalized difference vegetation (NDVI), in surface temperature and net radiation, the changes occurred in the town of Mossoró–RN from the increase in urbanized area in the years 1994-2009. We used 3 pictures of the Thematic Mapper satellite LANDSAT – 5 of days July 6, 1994, July 6, 2000 and July 31, 2009. The image processing was developed through the Model Maker tool of ERDAS Image software. The results showed that occurs as the approximation toward the center of the city the highest temperatures are recorded and distancing temperatures drop to around 3 to 5K. The implementation of civil buildings increased areas with low values NDVI due to the removal of native vegetation cover. Suppression of green areas in the study area and its replacement by urban structures such as asphalt and concrete, resulted in increased the amount of energy available for heating, justifies the increase of surface temperature. Over the 15 years elapsed from 1994 to 2009 urban growth was visible and thus increasing the heat trapped, can thus urban center of Mossley be considered an urban heat island. Keywords: urban expansion, heating, vegetation
Mudança no Regime Temporal da Temperatura do Ar e Precipitação Pluviométrica na Região de Rio Largo, Alagoas (Change in the Temporal Regime of Air Temperature and Rainfall in the Region of Rio Largo, Alagoas, Brazil)
Authors: Wanderley Henderson Silva , Carvalho André Luiz de , Fernandes Ronabson Cardoso , Souza José Leonaldo de 
Published: April 2021

Compreender como as alterações no clima têm modificado a temperatura do ar e a precipitação pluvial de uma região é essencial, sobretudo para regiões como o Nordeste brasileiro, que apresentam vasto histórico de secas e altas temperaturas. No entanto, estudos com esse fim são escassos ou até mesmo inexistentes para essa região. Deste modo, objetivou-se identificar mudanças ocorridas no regime temporal da temperatura diurna e noturna e na precipitação na região de Rio Largo, Alagoas. Para isto, utilizaram-se dados de temperatura diurna (máxima) e noturna (mínima) compreendidos entre 1973 e 2002, e de precipitação dispostos entre 1973 e 2008. As séries temporais foram submetidas ao teste estatístico SNHT (Standard Normal Homogeneity Test) para identificar possíveis pontos de mudança na média. A análise de regressão linear simples foi utilizada para identificar alterações nas séries temporais, testada por meio do teste t de Student, adotando-se nível de significância estatística de 0,05%, para ambos os testes estatísticos. A análise mostrou que as temperaturas demostraram pontos de mudanças significativos, no entanto, foi observada uma defasagem de quase dez anos entre os pontos. A tendência identificada entre as temperaturas foram opostas entre si, sendo de aumento para a temperatura diurna e de redução para a noturna. A precipitação demostrou tendência de redução, no entanto, não apresentou mudança estatística significativa. ABSTRACTUnderstanding how changes in climate have changed air temperature and rainfall in a region is essential, especially for regions such as the Brazilian Northeast, which have long history of drought and high temperatures. However, studies for this purpose are scarce or even nonexistent for this region. Thus, this study aimed to identify changes in the temporal regime of daytime and nighttime temperature and rainfall in the region of Rio Largo, Alagoas, Brazil. For this, it was used data of daytime temperature (maximum) and night (minimum) ranging from 1973 to 2002, and rainfall arranged between 1973 and 2008. Time series were submitted to SNHT (Standard Normal Homogeneity Test) statistical test to identify possible change point in average. A simple linear regression analysis was used to identify changes in time series, tested using the Student t test, adopting a significance level of 0.05%, for both statistical tests. The analysis showed that temperatures demonstrated significant change points, however, there was a gap of almost ten years between the points. The trend identified among the temperatures was opposed to each other, with increasing daytime temperature and reduction of nighttime temperature. Rainfall demonstrated trend of reducing, however, showed no statistically significant change.Keywords: daytime and nighttime temperature, SNHT, trend, change point.
Variabilidade Espacial da Erosividade das Chuvas para o Estado da Paraíba (Variability of Spatial Erosivity of Rainfall in the Paraíba State)
Authors: Amaral Bernardo Starling Dorta do , Carvalho Neto João Filadelfo de , Silva Richarde Marques da , Dantas José Carlos 
Published: April 2021

As características específicas das chuvas variam entre regiões, e o conhecimento da sua potencialidade erosiva é necessário para o planejamento dos recursos hídricos. Este estudo determinou a erosividade, analisou a variabilidade espacial da precipitação e o coeficiente de chuva para o Estado da Paraíba mediante técnicas de Sistemas de Informação Geográfica. Para a realização deste estudo foram utilizados dados climatológicos de 98 estações climatológicas da Embrapa, com séries de 1911 a 1990. Em seguida as informações sobre a erosividade foram processadas cartograficamente. O valor médio anual da erosividade das chuvas com base no índice EI30 para o Estado da Paraíba foi de 5.032,03 MJ.mm/ha/h, valor que representa o Fator “R” da Equação Universal de Perdas de Solo (USLE). As equações de regressão entre erosividade e precipitação e coeficiente de chuva não foram significativas. As principais conclusões são que: (a) os índices de erosividade encontrados são maiores na zona litorânea do que nas demais porções do Estado, e (b) as erosividades encontradas variaram de acordo com os valores da precipitação. A B S T R A C T Specific rainfall characteristics vary among regions and their erosion potential must be known for the planning of water resources. This study analyzed the erosivity and rainfall variability and precipitation coefficient for Paraíba State based on Geographic Information Systems techniques. In order In this paper 98 climatological stations of Embrapa were used, with rainfall data of 1911 to 1990. For this study we use d climate data from 98 weather stations of Embrapa, with series from 1911 to 1990. Additionally we processed the information of the erosivity index cartographically by year and microregions. The mean annual value of erosivity was 5,032.03 MJ.mm/ha/h, which is to be used as “R” Factor in the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) for Paraíba State and surrounding regions with similar climatic conditions. The main conclusions are that: (a) erosivity indexes are higher in coastal areas than in inland areas, and (b) the erosivity range according to the precipitation. Keywords: erosivity, rainfall, water resources