bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The practice of lethal means restriction counseling in US emergency departments to reduce suicide risk: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Hunter Amy A. , DiVietro Susan , Boyer Megan , Burnham Kristin , Chenard Danielle , Rogers Steven C. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Suicide is a leading cause of death in the US. Lethal means restriction (LMR), which encourages limiting access and reducing the lethality of particular methods of suicide, has been identified as a viable prevention strategy. For this approach to be successful, adequate education about risks and means must be communicated to families and individuals at risk for suicide. This systematic review aims to identify LMR methods most commonly communicated by healthcare providers in the emergency department, and barriers to the delivery of such counseling.

Methods
The protocol for this systematic review is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42018076734). Included studies were identified through searching four databases (PubMed, Scopus, PsycInfo, and EBSCO). Studies were selected and coded independently by two researchers using the PICOS framework. Included studies examined LMR counseling delivered in the ED regardless of patient age, sex or race/ethnicity.

Results
A total of 1282 studies were screened; 9 met the inclusion criteria. Included studies were published from 1998 to 2020. Study participants were majority female, and safe firearm storage was the most common form of LMR counseling provided. Eight studies included counseling on multiple forms of lethal means, [e.g., alcohol, medication, and firearm storage] and one study focused solely on safe firearm storage. Two studies reported barriers limiting healthcare providers’ delivery of LMR counseling, including lack of specialized skills and skepticism regarding the effectiveness of LMR counseling.

Conclusion
There is limited published evidence that identifies the most effective methods and target populations for LMR counseling. Given the growing literature that provides evidence of gender differences in suicide modality (e.g., guns, medications, suffocation), LMR counseling should be multifaceted, to address common means of suicide in both men and women. Despite evidence that the majority of suicide attempts and half of completed suicides do not involve firearms, results showed that LMR counseling is frequently focused on promoting the safe storage of firearms. This highlights the need to include counseling focused on a variety of lethal means to reduce risk of suicide completion. Prospective studies should also aim to identify the most efficacious methods of delivering LMR counseling in the clinical settings.
Nesfatin-1 protects H9c2 cardiomyocytes against cobalt chloride-induced hypoxic injury by modulating the MAPK and Notch1 signaling pathways
Authors: Li Mingchen , Li Kai , Ren Yuan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to explore the effect of nesfatin-1 on cobalt chloride (CoCl2)-induced hypoxic injury in cardiomyocyte H9c2 cells.

Methods

H9c2 cardiomyocytes were induced by different concentrations of CoCl2 to mimic the hypoxia condition. Cell viability was detected by MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining and flow cytometry. ROS production was detected using the fluorescence probe DCFH-DA. The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was detected using the TMRE method. The levels of released lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and catalase (CAT) were detected using the commercial kits. The protein levels of MAPK signaling members (p-JNK1/2, p-ERK1/2, and p-p38) and Notch1 signaling members (Notch1, Hes 1, and Jagged 1) were detected by Western blot.

Results
CoCl2 significantly promoted cell apoptosis, increased LDH leakage, MDA concentration, and decreased cell viability, SOD activity, GSH production, and CAT activity. CoCl2-induced hypoxic injury in H9c2 cells was partially restored by nesfatin-1 treatment. Moreover, nesfatin-1 treatment attenuated CoCl2-induced increase in ROS production and mitochondrial dysfunction, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, Bax/Bcl-2 imbalance, as well as c-caspase-9 and c-caspase-3 levels. Moreover, nesfatin-1 treatment inhibited the activation of MAPK and Notch1 signaling pathways.

Conclusions
Nesfatin-1 could effectively protect H9c2 cells against CoCl2-induced hypoxic injury by blocking MAPK and Notch1 signaling pathways, suggesting that nesfatin-1 might be a promising therapeutic agent for hypoxic cardiac injury.
High frequency multiscale relationships among major cryptocurrencies: portfolio management implications
Authors: Mensi Walid , Rehman Mobeen Ur , Shafiullah Muhammad , Al-Yahyaee Khamis Hamed , Sensoy Ahmet 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the high frequency multiscale relationships and nonlinear multiscale causality between Bitcoin, Ethereum, Monero, Dash, Ripple, and Litecoin. We apply nonlinear Granger causality and rolling window wavelet correlation (RWCC) to 15 min—data. Empirical RWCC results indicate mostly positive co-movements and long-term memory between the cryptocurrencies, especially between Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Monero. The nonlinear Granger causality tests reveal dual causation between most of the cryptocurrency pairs. We advance evidence to improve portfolio risk assessment, and hedging strategies.
Quality of service and fairness for electric vehicle charging as a service
Authors: Danner Dominik , de Meer Hermann 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDue to the increasing battery capacity of electric vehicles, European standard electricity socket-outlets at households are not enough for a full charge cycle overnight. Hence, people tend to install (semi-) fast charging wall-boxes (up to 22 kW) which can cause critical peak loads and voltage issues whenever many electric vehicles charge simultaneously in the same area.This paper proposes a centralized charging capacity allocation mechanism based on queuing systems that takes care of grid limitations and charging requirements of electric vehicles, including legacy charging control protocol restrictions. The proposed allocation mechanism dynamically updates the weights of the charging services in discrete time steps, such that electric vehicles with shorter remaining charging time and higher energy requirement are preferred against others. Furthermore, a set of metrics that determine the service quality for charging as a service is introduced. Among others, these metrics cover the ratio of charged energy to the required energy, the charging power variation during the charging process, as well as whether the upcoming trip is feasible or not. The proposed algorithm outperforms simpler scheduling policies in terms of achieved mean quality of service metric and fairness index in a co-simulation of the IEEE European low voltage grid configured with charging service requirements extracted from a mobility survey.
Antioxidant enzymes and non-enzymatic antioxidants as defense mechanism of salinity stress in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp)—Ife brown and Ife bpc
Authors: Ologundudu Foluso 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Several mechanisms had been exhibited by plants to mitigate deleterious effects of salinity stress. A screen house experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of salinity stress on the activities of osmolytes (antioxidative and non-antioxidative enzymes) in the leaves of two cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp)—Ife brown and Ife bpc, with the aim of better understanding the biochemical mechanisms of salt tolerance. Salts of sodium chloride (NaCl) and sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) at 5, 10 and 15 dS/m concentrations were used for this study. The saline solution was prepared following standard methods. Proline, lipid peroxidase (LP), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) were determined following standard protocols.

Results
Results showed that minimum proline content (12.07 mg/g) and maximum proline determination (16.05 mg/g) were observed in Ife bpc at 5 and at 15 dS/m under NaCl and Na2SO4 treatments. The LP content significantly increased in Ife brown at 15 dS/m under NaCl treatment and at 10 dS/m (9.49 mg/g) under Na2SO4 salinity. Minimum GSH content (120 µm/g) and maximum glutathione accumulation (138.97 µm/g) were observed in Ife bpc in the stressed cowpea seedlings (5 and 10 dS/m) under NaCl treatment with respect to the control. Also, SOD activities in the leaves of Ife brown increase with increase in salinity stress in both NaCl and Na2SO4 treatments.

Conclusions
This study concludes that the accumulation of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants is capable of detoxifying and scavenging reactive oxygen species, thereby mitigating salinity-induced oxidative damage.
Tolerance of Pima and Upland cotton to trifloxysulfuron (Envoke) herbicide under field conditions
Authors: ZHANG Jinfa , ABDELRAHEEM Abdelraheem , WEDEGAERTNER Tom 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTrifloxysulfuron (Envoke) is an acetolactate synthase-inhibitor herbicide and can be used to control many broadleaf weeds and nutsedges in cotton production. However, there is a lack of information on genotypic variation in response to the herbicide. In this field study, 60 Pima (Gossypium barbadense L.) lines, 122 Upland (G. hirsutum L.) lines, and 9 Upland × Pima segregating populations were divided into five tests (18A, 18B, 18G, 18RB, and 18HQ) to evaluate trifloxysulfuron tolerance at the 7-true leaf stage (42 days after planting) under the same field conditions in 2018. Across the five tests, Pima cotton genotypes tested in this study did not show any visual crop injury based on percentage of plants with chlorosis at 6 days after treatment (DAT), indicating consistent and high levels of trifloxysulfuron tolerance. However, the response to trifloxysulfuron within Upland cotton is highly variable. While Upland cotton is overall more sensitive to trifloxysulfuron with crop injury up to 80% than Pima cotton, 19 lines had injury below 5% including one line with no visual injury, and 19 lines had injury between 5% and 10%. In test 18HQ with 15 transgenic Upland cultivars and 17 non-transgenic Upland lines, the analysis of variance detected a significant genotypic difference. The broad-sense heritability estimates for trifloxysulfuron tolerance based on crop injury at 6 DAT was 0.555, suggesting that trifloxysulfuron tolerance in Upland cotton is moderately heritable. This study represents the first report that Pima cotton and many Upland cotton lines are highly tolerant to trifloxysulfuron with no or little crop injury.
Evaluation of potato virus X resistance in potato cultivars and identification of an innate immunity-independent resistance phenotype
Authors: Liu Jiahui , Liu Ye , Fang Yue , Zhang Lili , Yu Kaixin , Wu Xiaoyun , Cheng Xiaofei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPotato virus X (PVX) is a widely distributed viral pathogen that causes significant losses in potato production by co-infecting with potato virus Y or potato virus A. In this study, the resistance of 23 potato cultivars to PVX was dissected in detail using a PVX infectious clone containing a yellow fluorescent protein (YFP). Among them, four potato cultivars (Longshu-3, Eugene, Atlantic and Waiyin-2) were found to carry an Rx gene that confers extreme resistance to PVX; one cultivar (Waiyin-1) displayed partial resistance and was able to delay PVX infection by ~ 5 days; while the rest eighteen potato cultivars were susceptible to PVX. Moreover, we found that the replication but not cell-to-cell or long-distance movement of PVX was inhibited in Waiyin-1. Finally, we determined that the expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes in Waiyin-1 was not triggered by PVX infection at early infection stage, whereas they were triggered in the Rx-carrying cultivar Atlantic during this period of time. In conclusion, our results confirm that Rx is a major type of resistance gene in potato cultivars in the Northeast part of China. Furthermore, the possible mechanism underlying Waiyin-1 resistance to PVX is discussed.
High royal jelly production does not impact the gut microbiome of honey bees
Authors: Damico Megan E. , Rueppell Olav , Shaffer Zack , Han Bin , Raymann Kasie 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Honey bees are not only essential for pollination services, but are also economically important as a source of hive products (e.g., honey, royal jelly, pollen, wax, and propolis) that are used as foods, cosmetics, and alternative medicines. Royal jelly is a popular honey bee product with multiple potential medicinal properties. To boost royal jelly production, a long-term genetic selection program of Italian honey bees (ITBs) in China has been performed, resulting in honey bee stocks (here referred to as RJBs) that produce an order of magnitude more royal jelly than ITBs. Although multiple studies have investigated the molecular basis of increased royal jelly yields, one factor that has not been considered is the role of honey bee-associated gut microbes.

Results
Based on the behavioral, morphological, physiological, and neurological differences between RJBs and ITBs, we predicted that the gut microbiome composition of RJBs bees would differ from ITBs. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the bacterial composition of RJB and ITB workers from an urban location and RJBs from a rural location in China. Based on 16S rRNA gene profiling, we did not find any evidence that RJBs possess a unique bacterial gut community when compared to ITBs. However, we observed differences between honey bees from the urban versus rural sites.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that the environmental factors rather than stock differences are more important in shaping the bacterial composition in honey bee guts. Further studies are needed to investigate if the observed differences in relative abundance of taxa between the urban and rural bees correspond to distinct functional capabilities that impact honey bee health. Because the lifestyle, diet, and other environmental variables are different in rural and urban areas, controlled studies are needed to determine which of these factors are responsible for the observed differences in gut bacterial composition between urban and rural honeybees.
Effect of parental presence on anxiety during induction of anaesthesia in children undergoing elective day case surgery
Authors: Talabi Ademola Olusegun , Sowande Oludayo Adedapo , Mosaku Kolawole Samuel , Owojuyigbe Afolabi Muyiwa , Amosu Lukmon Olusesan , Adejuyigbe Olusanya 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Surgical operation and anaesthesia induction are fearful events which may interfere with the smooth conduct of anaesthesia and postoperative recovery in children. Indeed, the fear of needles, syringes and unknown hospital environment often compound their anxiety. Various modalities such as use of clowns, music, low intensity light in the induction room, pharmacological agents and parental presence during induction of anaesthesia have been utilized with the aim of gaining the cooperation of the children during induction. However, their use has yielded conflicting results. This prospective study was conducted among children whose ages were between 2 and 15 years. They were randomized into parental presence and parental absence (un-accompanied) or control groups. The anxiety levels of children and parents in both groups were compared at baseline, separation and during induction of anaesthesia.

Results
The ages of the children ranged between 2 and 15 years with a mean age of 6.78 ± 2.50 years. The mean age of patients in the parental presence at induction (PPIA) was 7.14 ± 3.68 years while in the control group was 6.42 ± 3.31 years. The difference was not statistically significant, p < 0.05. The mean anxiety score of patients in the PPIA at reception, separation and induction of anaesthesia were 26.6 ± 9.2, 38.4 ± 18.3 and 54.1 ± 22.8 compared to 27.3 ± 8.04, 41.4 ± 21.7 and 58.6 ± 23.1 in the control group respectively, p < 0.05. The mean anxiety score of parents in the PPIA at reception, separation and induction of anaesthesia were 52.2 ± 6.7, 51.7 ± 7.8 and 51.9 ± 7.9 compared to 53.0 ± 6.5, 52.4 ± 6.2 and 52.9 ± 7.9 in the control group respectively, p < 0.05. Among the cohort of preschool age group, children in the control group were more anxious at induction compared to the PPIA group, p = 0.01. As the age increases, the anxiety state of the children decreases, t = − 0.398, p < 0.001. The mean score of parental satisfaction in the PPIA and the control groups were comparable, 8.1 ± 7.1 vs 7.3 ± 1.1 respectively, p = 0.395.

Conclusion
The presence of parents during induction of anaesthesia did not influence the anxiety states of children in our study. Anxiety at induction tends to reduce as the age of patients increases.
Identification of tick-borne pathogens using metagenomic analyses in H. longicornis feeding on humans in downtown Beijing
Authors: Lv Jizhou , Wang Huiyu , Han Xueqing , Mei Lin , Yuan Xiangfen , Kong Yufang , Deng Junhua , Fu Zhen F. , Wu Shaoqiang , Lin Xiangmei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOn August 14th, 2018, a Beijing resident living in Xicheng District found a female H. longicornis tick attached to the skin at the front of his upper shin. On examination, the patient was afebrile and appeared well. The species of the tick was identified through morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis based on cytochrome C oxidase subunit I. This H. longicornis tick was screened for tick-borne pathogens such as viruses, bacteria and parasites. RNA pathogens were screened by PCR and sequencing, while DNA pathogens were screened by metagenomic analyses. It was found that the tick was positive for the DNA sequences of zoonotic and animal pathogens such as A. phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia minasensis and C. burnetii. Considering the good health condition of the patient, we hypothesized that the pathogens originated from the tick specimen itself rather than host blood meal. For the first time, our study reveals the possible risk of transmission of tick-borne pathogens to human beings through tick bit in downtown Beijing. Further research is needed to screen for tick-borne pathogens among unfed ticks collected from central Beijing.
Capecitabine Versus Active Monitoring in Stable or Responding Metastatic Colorectal Cancer After 16 Weeks of First-Line Therapy: Results of the Randomized FOCUS4-N Trial
Authors: Adams Richard A. , Fisher David J. , Graham Janet , Seligmann Jenny F. , Seymour Matthew , Kaplan Richard , Yates Emma , Parmar Mahesh , Richman Susan D. , Quirke Philip , Butler Rachel , Brown Ewan , Collinson Fiona , Falk Stephen , Wasan Harpreet , Shiu Kai-Keen , Middleton Gary , Samuel Leslie , Wilson Richard H. , Brown Louise C. , Maughan Timothy S. ,   on behalf of the FOCUS4 Trial Investigators
Published: September 2021

PURPOSE Despite extensive randomized evidence supporting the use of treatment breaks in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), they are not universally offered to patients despite improvements in quality of life without detriment to overall survival (OS). FOCUS4-N was set up to explore the impact of oral maintenance therapy in patients who are responding to first-line therapy. METHODS FOCUS4 was a molecularly stratified trial program that registered patients with newly diagnosed mCRC. The FOCUS4-N trial was offered to patients in whom a targeted subtrial was unavailable or biomarker tests failed. Patients were randomly assigned using a 1:1 ratio between maintenance capecitabine and active monitoring (AM). The primary outcome was progression-free survival (PFS) with secondary outcomes including OS toxicity and tolerability. RESULTS Between March 2014 and March 2020, 254 patients were randomly assigned (127 to capecitabine and 127 to AM) across 88 UK sites. Baseline characteristics were balanced. There was strong evidence of efficacy for PFS (hazard ratio = 0.40; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.75; P < .0001), but no significant improvement in OS (hazard ratio, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.69 to 1.27; P = .66) was observed. Compliance with treatment was good, and toxicity from capecitabine versus AM was as expected with grade ≥ 2 fatigue (25% v 12%), diarrhea (23% v 13%), and hand-foot syndrome (26% v 3%). Quality of life showed little difference between the groups. CONCLUSION Despite strong evidence of disease control with maintenance therapy, OS remains unaffected and FOCUS4-N provides additional evidence to support the use of treatment breaks as safe management alternatives for patients who are stable or responding to first-line treatment for mCRC. Capecitabine without bevacizumab may be used to extend PFS in the interval after 16 weeks of first-line therapy.
Early Completion of Model-Assisted Designs for Dose-Finding Trials
Authors: Kojima Masahiro 
Published: September 2021

PURPOSE We propose a novel early completion method for phase I dose-finding trials using model-assisted designs. The trials can halt when a maximum tolerated dose (MTD) is estimated with sufficient accuracy. Early completion can reduce the average number of patients treated relative to the planned number, thereby allowing the trial to proceed to enrolling an expansion cohort for efficacy and enabling the trial to reach the next phase faster. METHODS Early completion is conducted on the basis of a dose-retainment probability using dose-assignment decisions. We evaluated early the completion for two actual trials. In addition, we performed a computer simulation to confirm the percentage of correctly selected MTDs, the early completion percentage, and the average number of patients treated. RESULTS In the evaluation of the two actual trials, we confirmed that the trials completed early. In the simulation results, we confirmed that the percentages of correct MTD selection were maintained relative to the original model-assisted designs. The early completion percentages ranged from 50% to 90%, and the number of patients treated reduced from 20%-60% relative to the planned number of patients. CONCLUSION We conclude that the early completion method can be applied unproblematically to the model-assisted design of phase I dose-finding trials.
Photon Hall effect in two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide
Authors: Zhao Li-Ming , Zhou Yun-Song , Wei Gong-Min 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The finding of Photon Hall effect (PHE) on metal surface is an important progress in photonics, but it will be more practical if PHE can be realized in line-type waveguide. In this paper, we suggested a way to realize PHE in two-dimensional photonic crystal (PC) waveguide. Numerical simulation results show that the propagating direction and strength of light in the PC waveguide can be controlled by the polarization state of incident light. Different from the PHE on metal surface, the PHE in PC waveguide can be driven not only by circularly polarized light, but also by linearly polarized light. The PHE in PC waveguide can be attributed to the interference of the two component waves excited by the incident light.