bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exocrine Pancreatic Function Modulates Plasma Metabolites Through Changes in Gut Microbiota Composition
Authors: Pietzner Maik , Budde Kathrin , Rühlemann Malte , Völzke Henry , Homuth Georg , Weiss Frank U , Lerch Markus M , Frost Fabian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Purpose
Exocrine pancreatic function is critically involved in regulating the gut microbiota composition. At the same time, its impairment acutely affects human metabolism. How these 2 roles are connected is unknown. We studied how the exocrine pancreas contributes to metabolism via modulation of gut microbiota.

Design
Fecal samples were collected in 2226 participants of the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP/SHIP-TREND) to determine exocrine pancreatic function (pancreatic elastase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and intestinal microbiota profiles (16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene sequencing). Plasma metabolite levels were determined by mass spectrometry.

Results
Exocrine pancreatic function was associated with changes in the abundance of 28 taxa and, simultaneously, with those of 16 plasma metabolites. Mediation pathway analysis revealed that a significant component of how exocrine pancreatic function affects the blood metabolome is mediated via gut microbiota abundance changes, most prominently, circulating serotonin and lysophosphatidylcholines.

Conclusion
These results imply that the effect of exocrine pancreatic function on intestinal microbiota composition alters the availability of microbial-derived metabolites in the blood and thus directly contributes to the host metabolic changes associated with exocrine pancreatic dysfunction.
The p.E152K-STIM1 mutation deregulates Ca2+ signaling contributing to chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Burgos Miguel , Philippe Reginald , Antigny Fabrice , Buscaglia Paul , Masson Emmanuelle , Mukherjee Sreya , Dubar Pauline , Le Maréchal Cédric , Campeotto Florence , Lebonvallet Nicolas , Frieden Maud , Llopis Juan , Domingo Beatriz , Stathopulos Peter B. , Ikura Mitsuhiko , Brooks Wesley , Guida Wayne , Chen Jian-Min , Ferec Claude , Capiod Thierry , Mignen Olivier 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Since deregulation of intracellular Ca2+ can lead to intracellular trypsin activation, and stromal interaction molecule-1 (STIM1) protein is the main regulator of Ca2+ homeostasis in pancreatic acinar cells, we explored the Ca2+ signaling in 37 STIM1 variants found in three pancreatitis patient cohorts. Extensive functional analysis of one particular variant, p.E152K, identified in three patients, provided a plausible link between dysregulated Ca2+ signaling within pancreatic acinar cells and chronic pancreatitis susceptibility. Specifically, p.E152K, located within the STIM1 EF-hand and sterile α-motif domain, increased the release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum in patient-derived fibroblasts and transfected HEK293T cells. This event was mediated by altered STIM1–sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium transport ATPase (SERCA) conformational change and enhanced SERCA pump activity leading to increased store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). In pancreatic AR42J cells expressing the p.E152K variant, Ca2+ signaling perturbations correlated with defects in trypsin activation and secretion, and increased cytotoxicity after cholecystokinin stimulation.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Intercellular and intracellular cilia orientation is coordinated by CELSR1 and CAMSAP3 in oviduct multi-ciliated cells
Authors: Usami Fumiko Matsukawa , Arata Masaki , Shi Dongbo , Oka Sanae , Higuchi Yoko , Tissir Fadel , Takeichi Masatoshi , Fujimori Toshihiko 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
The molecular mechanisms by which cilia orientation is coordinated within and between multi-ciliated cells (MCCs) are not fully understood. In the mouse oviduct, MCCs exhibit a characteristic basal body (BB) orientation and microtubule gradient along the tissue axis. The intracellular polarities were moderately maintained in cells lacking CELSR1 (cadherin EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptor 1), a planar cell polarity (PCP) factor involved in tissue polarity regulation, although the intercellular coordination of the polarities was disrupted. However, CAMSAP3 (calmodulin-regulated spectrin-associated protein 3), a microtubule minus-end regulator, was found to be critical for determining the intracellular BB orientation. CAMSAP3 localized to the base of cilia in a polarized manner, and its mutation led to the disruption of intracellular coordination of BB orientation, as well as the assembly of microtubules interconnecting BBs, without affecting PCP factor localization. Thus, both CELSR1 and CAMSAP3 are responsible for BB orientation but in distinct ways; their cooperation should therefore be critical for generating functional multi-ciliated tissues.
Ipomoeassin-F inhibits the in vitro biogenesis of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and its host cell membrane receptor
Authors: O'Keefe Sarah , Roboti Peristera , Duah Kwabena B. , Zong Guanghui , Schneider Hayden , Shi Wei Q. , High Stephen 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
In order to produce proteins essential for their propagation, many pathogenic human viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19 respiratory disease, commandeer host biosynthetic machineries and mechanisms. Three major structural proteins, the spike, envelope and membrane proteins, are amongst several SARS-CoV-2 components synthesised at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of infected human cells prior to the assembly of new viral particles. Hence, the inhibition of membrane protein synthesis at the ER is an attractive strategy for reducing the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 and other obligate viral pathogens. Using an in vitro system, we demonstrate that the small molecule inhibitor ipomoeassin F (Ipom-F) potently blocks the Sec61-mediated ER membrane translocation and/or insertion of three therapeutic protein targets for SARS-CoV-2 infection; the viral spike and ORF8 proteins together with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, the host cell plasma membrane receptor. Our findings highlight the potential for using ER protein translocation inhibitors such as Ipom-F as host-targeting, broad-spectrum antiviral agents.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: incidence, risk factors, and pathogenesis - a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Syahrul Syahrul , Maliga Helnida Anggun , Ilmawan Muhammad , Fahriani Marhami , Mamada Sukamto S. , Fajar Jonny Karunia , Frediansyah Andri , Syahrul Faza Nabila , Imran Imran , Haris Salim , Rambe Aldy Safruddin , Emran Talha Bin , Rabaan Ali A. , Tiwari Ruchi , Dhama Kuldeep , Nainu Firzan , Mutiawati Endang , Harapan Harapan 
Published: January 2021

Background: In this study, we aimed to determine the global prevalence, chronological order of symptom appearance, and mortality rates with regard to hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to discuss possible pathogeneses of hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke in individuals with the disease.Methods: We searched the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for relevant articles published up to November 8, 2020. Data regarding study characteristics, hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke, and COVID-19 were retrieved in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess the quality of the eligible studies. The pooled prevalence and mortality rate of hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke were calculated.Results: The pooled estimate of prevalence of hemorrhagic stroke was 0.46% (95% CI 0.40%–0.53%;I2=89.81%) among 67,155 COVID-19 patients and that of ischemic stroke was 1.11% (95% CI 1.03%–1.22%;I2=94.07%) among 58,104 COVID-19 patients. Ischemic stroke was more predominant (incidence: 71.58%) than hemorrhagic stroke (incidence: 28.42%) in COVID-19 patients who experienced a stroke. In COVID-19 patients who experienced a stroke, hospital admission with respiratory symptoms was more commonly reported than that with neurological symptoms (20.83% for hemorrhagic stroke and 5.51% for ischemic stroke versus6.94% for hemorrhagic stroke and 5.33% for ischemic stroke, respectively). The pooled mortality rate of COVID-19 patients who experienced a hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke was 44.72% (95% CI 36.73%–52.98%) and 36.23% (95% CI 30.63%–42.24%), respectively.Conclusions: Although the occurrence of hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke is low, the mortality rates of both stroke types in patients with COVID-19 are concerning, and therefore, despite several potential pathogeneses that have been proposed, studies aimed at definitively elucidating the mechanisms of hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke in individuals with COVID-19 are warranted.PROSPERO registration:CRD42020224470 (04/12/20)
Theoretical investigations of a modified compressed ultrafast photography method suitable for single-shot fluorescence lifetime imaging
Authors: Li Yahui , Tian Jinshou , Li David Day-Uei 
Published: January 2021

A single-shot fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) method based on the
compressed ultrafast photography (CUP) is proposed, named
space-restricted CUP (srCUP). srCUP is suitable for imaging objects
moving slowly (

<∼
150

/

M

m
m

/

s

,

M

is the magnification of the objective
lens) in the field of view with the intensity changing within
nanoseconds in a measurement window around 10 ns. We used synthetic
datasets to explore the performances of srCUP compared with CUP and
TCUP (a variant of CUP). srCUP not only provides superior
reconstruction performances, but its reconstruction speed is also
twofold and threefold faster than CUP and TCUP, respectively. The
lifetime determination performances were assessed by estimating
lifetime components, amplitude- and intensity-weighted average
lifetimes (

τ
A

and

τ
I

), with the reconstructed scenes using
the least squares method based on a bi-exponential model. srCUP has
the best accuracy and precision for lifetime determinations with a
relative bias less than 7% and a coefficient of variation less than 7%
for

τ
A

, and a relative bias less than 10%
and a coefficient of variation less than 11% for

τ
I

.
GeSn lateral p-i-n waveguide photodetectors for mid-infrared integrated photonics
Authors: Tsai Cheng-Hsun , Lin Kuan-Chih , Cheng Chin-Yuan , Lee Kuo-Chih , Cheng H. H. , Chang Guo-En 
Published: January 2021

In this Letter, we demonstrate mid-infrared (MIR) lateralp−i−nGeSn waveguide photodetectors (WGPDs) on silicon, to the best of our knowledge for the first time, as a key enabler of MIR electronic–photonic integrated circuits (EPICs). Narrow-bandgap GeSn alloys were employed as the active material to enable efficient photodetection in the MIR region. A lateralp−i−nhomojunction diode was designed and fabricated to significantly enhance the optical confinement factor of the guided modes and thus enhance the optical responsivity. Thus, a photodetection range of up to 1950 nm and a good responsivity of 0.292 A/W at 1800 nm were achieved. These results demonstrate the feasibility of planar GeSn WGPDs for monolithic MIR EPICs on silicon.
Time-resolved study of laser emission in nitrogen gas pumped by two near IR femtosecond laser pulses
Authors: Danylo Rostyslav , Lambert Guillaume , Liu Yi , Tikhonchuk Vladimir , Houard Aurélien , Mysyrowicz André 
Published: January 2021

The time profile of a lasing signal at 391.4 nm emitted by a weakly ionized gas of nitrogen molecules at low pressure is measured under double excitation with intense femtosecond laser pulses at 800 nm. An abrupt decrease in emission occurs at the time of arrival of the second pulse. It is explained by a transfer of population from ground to first excited ionic level and by a disruption of coherence, terminating the conditions for lasing in a V-scheme without population inversion.
Tunable sub-300  fs soliton and switchable dual-wavelength pulse generation from a mode-locked fiber oscillator around 2.8  µm
Authors: Luo Hongyu , Yang Jian , Li Jianfeng , Liu Yong 
Published: January 2021

In this Letter, we demonstrate, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, tunable soliton and switchable dual-wavelength pulse generation from a nonlinear polarization rotation mode-locked

E
r

3
+

-doped fluoride fiber oscillator around 2.8 µm, employing a

L
i
N
b
O

3

birefringent plate (BFP)-based Lyot filter. In the single soliton state, the wavelength can be continuously tuned in the region of

2752.4

∼

2807.2

n
m

(

∼

55

n
m

) with a pulse width between 199 and 270 fs, by rotating the BFP with the aid of its spectral filtering effect. At higher pump levels, two kinds of dual-wavelength synchronous mode-locking states (i.e., 2746.4/2782.0 and 2787.2/2825.2 nm) are observed, and can be flexibly switched by adjusting the rotation angle of the BFP. This approach opens up new opportunities for the development of versatile mid-infrared ultrashort laser sources.
Phase-controlled dual-wavelength resonance in a self-coupling whispering-gallery-mode microcavity
Authors: Xie Ran-Ran , Qin Guo-Qing , Zhang Hao , Wang Min , Li Gui-Qin , Ruan Dong , Long Gui-Lu 
Published: January 2021

We report a novel, to the best of our knowledge, way to achieve phase-controlled dual-wavelength resonance based on whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microcavities experimentally. With the help of a feedback waveguide, not only two optical pathways but also a unidirectional coupling between counter-propagating waves are formed, which is the requirement of all-optical analogues of electromagnetically induced transparency and Autler–Townes splitting. By adjusting the accumulating phase introduced from the fiber waveguide, we observe the signal lineshape changes from symmetric to asymmetric, i.e., the resonant transmission and extinction ratio of two splitting modes can be controlled, which brings a new degree of freedom to the WGM resonator system. These results may boost the development of quantum state control and pave the way for reconfiguring devices such as narrow-band filters.
Phosphor-free microLEDs with ultrafast and broadband features for visible light communications
Authors: Tian Zhenhuan , Li Qiang , Wang Xuzheng , Zhang Mingyin , Su Xilin , Zhang Ye , Li Yufeng , Yun Feng , Lee S. W. Ricky 
Published: January 2021

Modulation bandwidth and the emission region are essential features for the widespread use of visible light communications (VLC). This paper addresses the contradictory requirements to achieve broadband and proposes ultrafast, asymmetric pyramids grown on adjacent deep concave holes via lateral overgrowth. Multicolor emission with an emission region between 420 nm and 600 nm is obtained by controlling the growth rate at different positions on the same face, which also can provide multiple subcarrier frequency points for the employment of wavelength division multiplexing technology. The spontaneous emission rate distinction is narrowed by lowering the number of the crystal plane, ensuring a high modulation bandwidth over broadband. More importantly, the residual stress and dislocation density were minimized by employing a patterned substrate, and lateral overgrowth resulted in a further enhancement of the recombination rate. Finally, the total modulation bandwidth of multiple subcarriers of the asymmetric pyramids is beyond GHz. These ultrafast, multicolor microLEDs are viable for application in VLC systems and may also enable applications for intelligent lighting and display.
Another dengue fever outbreak in Eastern Ethiopia—An emerging public health threat
Authors: Gutu Mulugeta Asefa , Bekele Alemayehu , Seid Yimer , Mohammed Yusuf , Gemechu Fekadu , Woyessa Abyot Bekele , Tayachew Adamu , Dugasa Yohanis , Gizachew Lehageru , Idosa Moti , Tokarz Ryan E. , Sugerman David 
Published: January 2021

Background
Dengue Fever (DF) is a viral disease primarily transmitted by Aedes (Ae.) aegypti mosquitoes. Outbreaks in Eastern Ethiopia were reported during 2014–2016. In May 2017, we investigated the first suspected DF outbreak from Kabridahar Town, Somali region (Eastern Ethiopia) to describe its magnitude, assess risk factors, and implement control measures.

Methods
Suspected DF cases were defined as acute febrile illness plus ≥2 symptoms (headache, fever, retro-orbital pain, myalgia, arthralgia, rash, or hemorrhage) in Kabridahar District residents. All reported cases were identified through medical record review and active searches. Severe dengue was defined as DF with severe organ impairment, severe hemorrhage, or severe plasma leakage. We conducted a neighborhood-matched case-control study using a subset of suspected cases and conveniently-selected asymptomatic community controls and interviewed participants to collect demographic and risk factor data. We tested sera by RT-PCR to detect dengue virus (DENV) and identify serotypes. Entomologists conducted mosquito surveys at community households to identify species and estimate larval density using the house index (HI), container index (CI) and Breteau index (BI), with BI≥20 indicating high density.

Results
We identified 101 total cases from May 12–31, 2017, including five with severe dengue (one death). The attack rate (AR) was 17/10,000. Of 21 tested samples, 15 (72%) were DENV serotype 2 (DENV 2). In the case-control study with 50 cases and 100 controls, a lack of formal education (AOR [Adjusted Odds Ratio] = 4.2, 95% CI [Confidence Interval] 1.6–11.2) and open water containers near the home (AOR = 3.0, 95% CI 1.2–7.5) were risk factors, while long-lasting insecticide treated-net (LLITN) usage (AOR = 0.21, 95% CI 0.05–0.79) was protective. HI and BI were 66/136 (49%) and 147 per 100 homes (147%) respectively, with 151/167 (90%) adult mosquitoes identified as Ae. aegypti.

Conclusion
The epidemiologic, entomologic, and laboratory investigation confirmed a DF outbreak. Mosquito indices were far above safe thresholds, indicating inadequate vector control. We recommended improved vector surveillance and control programs, including best practices in preserving water and disposal of open containers to reduce Aedes mosquito density.
Coffee consumption and risk of breast cancer: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Ellingjord-Dale Merete , Papadimitriou Nikos , Katsoulis Michail , Yee Chew , Dimou Niki , Gill Dipender , Aune Dagfinn , Ong Jue-Sheng , MacGregor Stuart , Elsworth Benjamin , Lewis Sarah J. , Martin Richard M. , Riboli Elio , Tsilidis Konstantinos K. 
Published: January 2021

Background
Observational studies have reported either null or weak protective associations for coffee consumption and risk of breast cancer.

Methods
We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to evaluate the relationship between coffee consumption and breast cancer risk using 33 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with coffee consumption from a genome-wide association (GWA) study on 212,119 female UK Biobank participants of White British ancestry. Risk estimates for breast cancer were retrieved from publicly available GWA summary statistics from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) on 122,977 cases (of which 69,501 were estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, 21,468 ER-negative) and 105,974 controls of European ancestry. Random-effects inverse variance weighted (IVW) MR analyses were performed along with several sensitivity analyses to assess the impact of potential MR assumption violations.

Results
One cup per day increase in genetically predicted coffee consumption in women was not associated with risk of total (IVW random-effects; odds ratio (OR): 0.91, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.80–1.02, P: 0.12, P for instrument heterogeneity: 7.17e-13), ER-positive (OR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.79–1.02, P: 0.09) and ER-negative breast cancer (OR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.75–1.03, P: 0.12). Null associations were also found in the sensitivity analyses using MR-Egger (total breast cancer; OR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.80–1.25), weighted median (OR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.89–1.05) and weighted mode (OR: 1.00, CI: 0.93–1.07).

Conclusions
The results of this large MR study do not support an association of genetically predicted coffee consumption on breast cancer risk, but we cannot rule out existence of a weak association.
Availability and factors influencing community level handwashing facility in Ethiopia: Implication for prevention of infectious diseases
Authors: Odo Daniel Bogale , Mekonnen Alemayehu Gonie 
Published: January 2021

Background
Handwashing is one of the most effective ways to prevent transmission of infectious diseases. A substantial body of research has examined the status and determinants of handwashing facilities in healthcare settings and schools. However, its status at home in the community, especially in developing countries, remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the availability and factors influencing basic handwashing facilities at households in Ethiopia.

Method
We analysed the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data. EDHS employed a two-stage stratified cluster sampling technique. Data were collected from the lowest administrative unit (kebele). A multivariable logistic regression model that allowed cluster-level random effects was employed to examine factors that affect the availability of basic handwashing facilities (water plus soap) at households. Estimates from the regression model are reported as odds ratios (ORs) with standard errors clustered at the DHS cluster level to account for a sampling methodology.

Results
In our sample, only 1292 (8% [95% CI, 7.6%–8.4%]) of the households had basic handwashing facilities. Compared with head of household who had no formal education, the odds of having basic handwashing facilities was higher among head of household who completed secondary level of education (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.83; 95% CI: 1.35–2.49) and higher level of education (AOR = 2.35; 95% CI: 1.63–3.39). Odds of having basic handwashing facilities was increased with having radio (AOR = 1.32; 95% CI: 1.10–1.63) and television (AOR = 1.49; 95% CI: 1.10–2.02) at home. Households that had improved latrine were two times more likely to have basic handwashing facilities (AOR = 2.09; 95% CI: 1.56–2.80). Being at higher household wealth quintiles was associated with increased odds of having basic handwashing facilities.

Conclusion
Very low basic handwashing facilities was demonstrated by this study, whereas, awareness and socio-economic related factors were identified as a determinants for its availability in the household. Greater efforts are needed to increase the coverage of community-level handwashing facilities.