bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of the scored Patient‐Generated Subjective Global Assessment Short Form as a prognostic tool for incurable cancer patients
Authors: Cunha Marcela Souza , Wiegert Emanuelly Varea Maria , Calixto‐Lima Larissa , de Oliveira Livia Costa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Patient‐Generated Subjective Global Assessment Short Form (PG‐SGA SF) is a standardized tool for assessing nutrition risk in patients with cancer. The aim of this study was to propose and validate a cutoff point for the PG‐SGA SF related to the prognosis of patients with incurable cancer in exclusive palliative care.MethodsThis is a prospective cohort study of patients with incurable cancer at the National Cancer Institute in Brazil. A total sample (n = 2,144) was randomly divided into groups: (1) training (n = 1,072), to determine the most accurate PG‐SGA SF cutoff, and (2) validation (n = 1,072), to test the predictive accuracy of this cutoff point. The receiver operating characteristic curve was plotted to determine the best cutoff point of the PG‐SGA SF related to death. Concordance statistics (C statistic) were used to test the predictive accuracy of the models. Kaplan‐Meier curve and the Cox hazard model were used to verify a prognostic value of the cutoff point.ResultsPG‐SGA SF score ≥15 was found to be the best cutoff based on 90‐day mortality with good accuracy discrimination (C statistic ≥ 0.74). Patients whose PG‐SGA SF score was ≥15 had a shorter survival of 32 (interquartile range [IQR], 12–75) vs 83 days (IQR, 31–90) (p‐value < .001) and higher risk of death (hazard ratio: 2.20; 95% CI, 1.64–2.95).ConclusionsThe proposed PG‐SGA SF cutoff score is valid and, alongside its usefulness in nutrition triage, could provide prognostic value for patients with incurable cancer.
The use of Raman and infrared spectroscopy in determining the space symmetry group among the groups with the same rules of systematic absence in the diffraction patterns: Some basic principles and applications
Authors: Moroz Tatyana N. , Edwards Howell G. M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRaman spectroscopy and infrared (IR) spectroscopy can be used in the determination of the structural organization of crystals from the short‐range order (IR) to the mid‐ and far‐range orders (Raman). Among the 230 possible crystal space groups, only 61 can unambiguously be determined by X‐ray diffraction. In other cases, from two to five space groups are characterized by unified diffraction extinction rules. The symmetry of the active irreducible representations of vibrations in IR, Raman, and hyper‐Raman (HR) spectra for all crystallographic systems are systematized, and cases are indicated where the ambiguity in the assignment of crystal structures to the space groups with unified diffraction extinction rules can be overcome. The refinement of a space group of a mineral by analyzing the selection rules from IR and Raman spectra is discussed, and some examples are considered, including nontronite, kladnoite, and ugrandite.
Accurate intensity calibration of multichannel spectrometers using Raman intensity ratios
Authors: Raj Ankit , Kato Chihiro , Witek Henryk A. , Hamaguchi Hiro‐o 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe present a general multistep procedure for the determination of wavelength/wavenumber‐dependent sensitivity of Raman spectrometers equipped with multichannel detectors. In this approach, we start with photons‐per‐wavenumber conversion (C0) followed by a correction (C1) for the channel‐to‐channel variation in the sensitivity. The final correction (C2) is determined from a set of observed intensity ratios for standard Raman bands of selected molecules, compared with the analogous reference set of their accurate theoretical counterparts. The developed approach is employed here for calibrating our Raman spectrometer in the high‐wavenumber region using the vibration–rotation Raman bands of H2, HD, and D2. Theoretical intensity ratios for these bands were computed using accurate ro–vibrational matrix elements of polarizability invariants. The presented scheme allowed us to significantly improve the accuracy of the relative Raman intensities for measured samples. The accuracy was examined by determining the Boltzmann temperatures from the Raman intensities and comparing them with the corresponding thermocouple measurements. The uncertainty of such a Raman thermometer was found to be within 5%, confirming the validity and robustness of the proposed intensity calibration scheme. The presented intensity correction goes beyond the scope of common calibration schemes, traditionally limited to emission standards like tungsten lamps. While the first two steps of our calibration process (C0 and C1) are fairly typical, the additional correction (C2) derived from Raman spectral intensities seems to constitute an important novel step towards the standardization of Raman spectroscopy.
Aqueous solution thickening of amino acid‐based surfactant by alkylpyrrolidone
Authors: Liu Xuemin , Wu Ke , Song Weili , Lei Qiuyun , Zhang Hui , Pan Jiajia , Ge Xin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe thickening behaviors in aqueous solution of mixed surfactant mixtures containing an amino acid‐based surfactant, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate (SLSar), and a nonionic surfactant, N‐dodecylpyrrolidone (C12P) were investigated using the rheological methods of steady‐shear and frequency sweep. The results varying the added C12P concentration and the mass ratio of SLSar and C12P indicate that the addition of C12P can promote the formation of wormlike micelles and hydrogels, resulting in viscosity enhancement in the mixed aqueous solution of SLSar and C12P. Viscosity maxima in SLSar/water/C12P systems are sensitive to pH, temperature, the concentration of added C12P, and the mass ratio of SLSar and C12P. In the high concentration of total surfactant (30–39 wt%), the enhancement of viscosity obviously occurs by adding 6 wt% C12P, whereas in the low concentration of total surfactant (15 wt%), the C12P must be added more than 9 wt% in 15 wt% mixtures of SLSar and C12P. Moreover, during the solution pH lowered from SLSar' natural pH of 7.2 to the mixture's pKa 5.2, the intermolecular forces between SLSar acid, SLSar anionic salt, and C12P gradually reduce the overall headgroups areas and contribute to the formation of wormlike micelles, hydrogels, and the thickening behaviors.
Design and analysis of depth cues on depth perception in interactive mixed reality simulation systems
Authors: Li Hengwei , Wang Wei , Ma Weiwei , Zhang Gangsheng , Wang Qingli , Qu Jue 
Published: August 2021

AbstractImplementing an interactive mixed reality simulation system is an economical and risk‐free method for skill training. However, research to enhance the accuracy of mixed reality simulation has always been a challenge. One of the key indicators of a simulation's accuracy is the user's depth perception. Adding depth cues to the simulation scene can effectively increase the accuracy of depth perception. Therefore, in this study, we designed five depth cues to find the one most beneficial for depth perception: (1) depth bar, (2) location ball, (3) fixed window, (4) 3D wireframe, and (5) movable silhouettes. These depth cues were tested using an experimental system with two sets of experimental settings. The first experiment compared the five depth cues at five different viewing distances and showed that the movable silhouettes benefited depth perception accuracy the most. The second experiment compared depth perception accuracies among three different horizontal tilt settings, showing that depth perception accuracy is dependent on the horizontal tilt. Furthermore, different depth perception accuracies were obtained with and without depth cues, proving that the effects from the horizontal tilts were independent of depth cues. The results of these studies provide references for designing interactive mixed reality simulation systems.
What is the likelihood of nonpulmonary metastasis occurring in the absence of lung metastasis in bone and soft tissue sarcoma? A nested case‐control from a sarcoma referral centre
Authors: Hasan Obada , Nasir Momin , Jessar Muneeba , Hashimi Mustafa , An Qiang , Miller Benjamin J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesNonpulmonary metastases (NPM) are rare, associated with a poorer prognosis, and maybe missed on conventional chest imaging for sarcoma surveillance. We determined (1) the proportion of NPM occurring in isolation or with synchronous or prior pulmonary metastases (PM), and (2) if initial NPM would have been recognized with a standard surveillance protocol.MethodsInvestigators identified patients who developed initial NPM without prior evidence of or concurrent PM from an ongoing cohort of bone and soft tissue sarcoma (STS) patients. Logistic regression at univariate level was done.ResultsThere were 138/630 (22%) patients with metastasis and 66 (10%) had NPM: 50 (8%) patients had PM presenting first, while 16 (3%) had initial NPM. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, angiosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, and myxoid liposarcoma were six times more likely to develop initial NPM than other subtypes of STS with odds ratio = 6 (95% confidence interval: 1.93–18.65, p value < 0.01). Chest imaging and physical examination were sufficient to identify NPM in all except three bone sarcoma patients.ConclusionsPatients who develop initial NPM are rare and demonstrate a predilection towards some subtypes of extremity sarcoma. They develop oligometastatic disease, which may be amenable for surgical excision. All isolated or initial NPM in STS patients were discovered by physical examination and standard chest imaging.
MiR‐149‐3p can improve the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose‐derived stem cells via targeting AKT1
Authors: Lai Ai‐Ning , Zhou Rong , Chen Bin , Guo Long , Dai Yu‐Ya , Jia Yong‐Peng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe study aims to investigate the role of microRNA‐149‐3p (miR‐149‐3p) in regulating osteogenic differentiation of human adipose‐derived stem cells (hADSCs) by targeting v‐akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 (AKT1). Bioinformatics websites and a dual luciferase reporter assay were used to predict and verify the targeting relationship between miR‐149‐3p and AKT1. The hADSCs were divided into the blank, negative control (NC), mimic, control siRNA, AKT1 siRNA, and miR‐149‐3p inhibitors + AKT1 siRNA groups and then subjected to Alizarin Red staining, Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, ALP activity detections, MTT assay, and EdU cell proliferation assay. Gene or protein expression was quantified using quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) or Western blotting, respectively. The miR‐149‐3p expression increased gradually and AKT1 expression decreased gradually during osteogenic differentiation of hADSCs. The prediction of bioinformatics websites miRTarBase and TargetScan and the dual luciferase reporter assay indicated that miR‐149‐3p can directly target AKT1. After hADSCs were transfected with miR‐149‐3p mimic, AKT1 expression was significantly downregulated. However, transfection with AKT1 siRNA did not have an impact on miR‐149‐3p in hADSCs. In comparison with the AKT1 siRNA group, the miR‐149‐3p inhibitors + AKT1 siRNA group showed decreased miR‐149‐3p expression but increased AKT1 expression. In addition, AKT1 siRNA enhanced the cell viability and proliferation of hADSCs and increased mineral calcium deposition and ALP activity, resulting in higher expression of osteogenic differentiation‐related genes, which was reversed by miR‐149‐3p inhibition. The miR‐149‐3p can increase the expression of osteogenic differentiation‐related genes by targeting AKT1 and thereby enhance the osteogenic differentiation of hADSCs.
Assessing Human Papillomavirus Awareness and the Role of Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Education on Improving Intention to Vaccinate
Authors: Torabi Sina J. , Su‐Velez Brooke M. , Kasle David A. , Yarbrough Wendell G. , St. John Maie , Judson Benjamin L. 
Published: August 2021

Objectives/HypothesisThe current state of the U.S. public's knowledge of the relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV vaccinations to oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is unknown. Our objective was to 1) assess the general population's knowledge of human papillomavirus (HPV) and willingness to vaccinate, and 2) assess whether targeted education on HPV‐related OPSCC can change intentions to vaccinate.Study DesignOnline cross‐sectional survey.MethodsAn online, cross‐sectional survey utilizing U.S. census‐derived quotas to represent the U.S. population was distributed and analyzed to 517 adults in 2020.ResultsExactly 72.7% of participants stated that they had or would vaccinate their child against HPV and were designated as “vaccinators.” In multivariate regression, Black individuals were less likely to be vaccinators (OR 0.51 [95% CI 0.27–0.94]), but those who were aware of HPV's role in OPSCC were more likely to vaccinate (OR 2.56 [95% CI 1.47–4.46]). Knowledge about vaccination side‐effects, eligibility, and mechanisms of HPV spread was low. Only 30.6% of the sample reported understanding the role of HPV in OPSCC. Of these, 43.0% gained this knowledge exclusively from nonhealthcare professional sources, like television. When presented with four short HPV‐OPSCC‐centered facts (HPV's role in OPSCC etiology, prevalence of infection, clinically silent course, and vaccine preventative effects), 54.0% of “nonvaccinators” indicated a willingness to change their minds.ConclusionsGeneral knowledge about HPV, HPV's role in OPSCC, and the vaccine remains low in the general population. There are racial disparities in willingness to vaccinate within this sample, but these may be overcome by effective education on HPV‐related OPSCC.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 132:528–537, 2022
Microscopy and DNA‐based characterization of sinking particles at the Bermuda Atlantic Time‐series Study station point to zooplankton mediation of particle flux
Authors: Cruz Bianca N. , Brozak Samantha , Neuer Susanne 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPlankton‐derived, microscopic, and macroscopic sinking aggregates constitute most of the particulate organic carbon (POC) flux in the oceans. While the flux of particulate organic matter and associated elements has been quantified at the Bermuda Atlantic Time‐series Study (BATS) station for several decades, we lack an understanding of the source and composition of sinking particles, as well as the fate of predominant phytoplankton taxa. We determined the composition of individual sinking particles and their microbial communities in the upper 300 m depth at the BATS station in fall 2017 and spring 2018 by image analysis and V4 amplicon sequencing of the 16S and 18S rRNA genes. The sinking particles were primarily composed of phytodetrital aggregates, fecal aggregates, and fecal pellets. In the fall, phytodetrital aggregates were numerically dominant and drove the majority of the POC flux; however, in the spring, particle flux of all particle categories declined below 150 m, and the POC flux at 200 m shifted to one driven by fecal aggregates. The relative composition of the microbial communities associated with phytodetrital and fecal aggregates were statistically indistinguishable in both seasons, and prokaryotic taxa known to be associated with the gut microbiomes of zooplankton were indicators of the sinking particles. Our results point to the utilization and modification of sinking particles by resident midwater zooplankton populations, and to fecal pellets as the predominant mechanism transporting picophytoplankton to depth.
How do methodological choices influence estimation of river metabolism?
Authors: Schechner Anne E. , Dodds Walter K. , Tromboni Flavia , Chandra Sudeep , Maasri Alain 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRiver metabolism modeled from diurnal dissolved oxygen (DO) has become a widely used metric of ecosystem function, yet many papers provide insufficient methodological detail for replication. Only 79% of 43 sampled papers published from 2015 to 2019 mention calibration, 44% describe sensor placement, and 34% did not describe estimation approaches such that the study could be replicated. Given spatial heterogeneity in rivers influences metabolism, and measurement sensitivities vary with sensor model, it is important to have appropriately detailed information in reported methods along with a fundamental understanding of how river heterogeneity might influence metabolism. We deployed 2–8 sensors at 92 steppe river reaches to characterize site heterogeneity, evaluating how sensor placement and type, deployment length, drift correction, data source, local vs. remotely sensed data, and calibration can affect metabolism estimates. Estimates of gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER) were inconsistent and unpredictable depending on deployment location within a river reach; GPP and ER rates varied up to 131% and 69%, respectively, across a river width and up to two orders of magnitude within a reach. DO sensor brands vary in precision and accuracy; we found even when operated within stated performance range, estimates of GPP and ER could vary by 82% and 198%, respectively, if not calibrated beyond factory setting, as determined using field data from a sample site. Inaccuracies from sensor drift over weeklong deployments led to an average 48% ER overestimation, and 2% GPP overestimation comparing uncorrected with corrected field data. We suggest best practices for more comparable, precise, representative, and accurate methods.
Characterisation and assessment of the most popular mobile apps designed for neck pain self‐management: A systematic search in app stores
Authors: Marques Joana , Borges Lauta , Andias Rosa , Silva Anabela G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to assess commonly downloaded apps targeting neck pain (NP) using the Mobile Apps Rating Scale (MARS), to characterise the interventions described in the apps and to correlate the ratings of quality retrieved from app stores against the ratings of quality assessed using MARS.Materials and methodsA systematic search was conducted at the Apple App Store, Google Play, Windows Phone Store and Huawei App Gallery. Mobile apps with 100 or more ratings, a user rating of 4 or higher and which were available for free were retrieved for assessment.ResultsA total of 17 apps met the inclusion criteria. The mean user rating was 4.4 ± 0.28, the mean MARS score was 4.0 ± 0.58 and the correlation between user ratings and MARS total scores and subdomains varied between a maximum of 0.41 (p > 0.05) and a minimum of −0.11 (p > 0.05). All apps included exercise but only 5 (29%) included an educational component.ConclusionsThe most downloaded apps on NP available for free in app stores are, generally, of acceptable quality as assessed by the MARS total score, target exercise, but fail to include an appropriate educational component. The user rating available in app stores is not an indicator of the quality of the apps. Therefore, health professionals should carefully assess the mobile apps before recommending them to the patients.
Pregabalin withdrawal in patients without psychiatric disorders taking a regular dose of pregabalin: A case series and literature review
Authors: Ishikawa Hayahito , Takeshima Masahiro , Ishikawa Hiroyasu , Ayabe Naoko , Ohta Hidenobu , Mishima Kazuo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPregabalin is a drug that can cause psychiatric symptoms via pregabalin withdrawal. Prior reports on pregabalin withdrawal have mainly focused on cases with pregabalin dependence or abuse, and little attention has been paid to patients who are prescribed regular doses of pregabalin. Herein, we report three cases of pregabalin withdrawal in patients without psychiatric disorders, taking regular doses of pregabalin, who developed psychiatric symptoms such as insomnia and anxiety after abrupt discontinuation of pregabalin. In addition, we conducted a systematic review of six case reports (previous studies) of pregabalin withdrawal under regular doses of pregabalin. Among the six cases, three patients had no comorbid mental or substance use disorders, the dose of pregabalin ranged from 150 to 600 mg/d, and the duration of pregabalin use ranged from a few weeks to many years. Of these six cases of pregabalin withdrawal, five had psychopathological symptoms, three had vegetative symptoms, and three had neurologic and physical complications. We concluded that since pregabalin withdrawal can occur even with regular doses and short‐term use, clinicians must carefully reduce pregabalin doses when reducing or discontinuing treatment, paying close attention to withdrawal symptoms. Our case series sheds light on the scant evidence from previous research on physical dependence in patients who are taking regular doses of pregabalin. Furthermore, our cases were also valuable in demonstrating that pregabalin withdrawal can occur even after a relatively short period of 2 months.
Implementation of daily patient‐reported outcome measurements to support children with cancer
Authors: Meryk Andreas , Kropshofer Gabriele , Hetzer Benjamin , Riedl David , Lehmann Jens , Rumpold Gerhard , Haid Alexandra , Holzner Bernhard , Crazzolara Roman 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundSeveral stakeholders, including patients and health care providers, suggest symptom self‐reporting measurements for a more patient‐directed cancer control approach. However, services tailored to measure daily reporting and implementing it in clinical care are lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and value of daily patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) by children receiving chemotherapy for cancer.MethodsHealth status was recorded daily with a web‐based child‐friendly patient portal (ePROtect). Following aspects of feasibility and usability were assessed: (a) the completion rate and time, (b) user feedback on usability and satisfaction, and (c) the performed interventions if moderate to severe symptom deterioration was noted.ResultsTwelve children (median age: 7.2 years) were included. A total number of 891 daily reports were collected during the study period; the median percentage of ePROtect completion days was 85.3% (interquartile range [IQR] 64.2–100.0) and 55.9% (IQR 51.9–76.9) for inpatient and outpatient stay, respectively. Mean time to complete the questionnaire was 47.6 seconds. Severe symptoms were reported in 14.7% of measurement time points, which led to prompt health care interventions in 57 cases, including extension of supportive care (n = 37) and pre‐emptive inpatient admissions (n = 5). Over 80% of the patients (10/12) and their proxies (16/18) provided feedback with high rating for satisfaction (>90%) and usefulness (>80%) of ePROtect.ConclusionOur study shows that daily symptom monitoring is feasible for all children with newly diagnosed cancer aged 5–18 years. Monitoring offers the opportunity to identify symptoms early and trigger appropriate clinical action.