bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comment on: Gao B, Lu Q, Wan R, Wang Z, Yang Y, Chen Z, Wang Z. “Monthly versus quarterly fremanezumab for the prevention of migraine: a systemic review and meta-analysis from randomized controlled trials”. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2021 Apr;394(4):819–828. Epublished November 2020
Authors: Barash Steve , Ramirez Campos Verena , Ning Xiaoping , Driessen Maurice T. , Krasenbaum Lynda J. , Carr Karen , Cohen Joshua M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRecently, Gao et al. published an article titled “Monthly versus quarterly fremanezumab for the prevention of migraine: a systemic review and meta-analysis from randomized controlled trials” which concluded that monthly administration of fremanezumab led to significant reduction in monthly migraine days (MMD) when compared to quarterly fremanezumab. We have noted a critical flaw in Gao et al. meta-analysis wherein the authors have mistakenly utilized standard error values in place of standard deviation values in performing their pooled analyses. This error directly impacts the study results and conclusions. In this brief communication, we present revised analysis using correct methods. Using the correct SD values, our pooled analysis showed no significant difference in mean change from baseline in MMD between the two fremanezumab dosing regimens (P = 0.17). Furthermore, in the corrected subgroup analyses by type of migraine, there were no significant differences in mean change from baseline in MMD between monthly fremanezumab and quarterly fremanezumab (chronic migraine, P = 0.50; episodic migraine, P = 0.69). Overall, results from our corrected meta-analyses show that there is no significant difference in migraine prevention efficacy between monthly and quarterly fremanezumab dosing.
The Genetic Diversity of Rickettsiella Symbionts in Ixodes ricinus Throughout Europe
Authors: Garcia-Vozmediano Aitor , Tomassone Laura , Fonville Manoj , Bertolotti Luigi , Heylen Dieter , Fabri Nannet D. , Medlock Jolyon M. , Nijhof Ard M. , Hansford Kayleigh M. , Sprong Hein , Krawczyk Aleksandra I. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRickettsiella species are bacterial symbionts that are present in a great variety of arthropod species, including ixodid ticks. However, little is known about their genetic diversity and distribution in Ixodes ricinus, as well as their relationship with other tick-associated bacteria. In this study, we investigated the occurrence and the genetic diversity of Rickettsiella spp. in I. ricinus throughout Europe and evaluated any preferential and antagonistic associations with Candidatus Midichloria mitochondrii and the pathogens Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Borrelia miyamotoi. Rickettsiella spp. were detected in most I. ricinus populations investigated, encompassing a wide array of climate types and environments. The infection prevalence significantly differed between geographic locations and was significantly higher in adults than in immature life stages. Phylogenetic investigations and protein characterization disclosed four Rickettsiella clades (I–IV). Close phylogenetic relations were observed between Rickettsiella strains of I. ricinus and other arthropod species. Isolation patterns were detected for Clades II and IV, which were restricted to specific geographic areas. Lastly, although coinfections occurred, we did not detect significant associations between Rickettsiella spp. and the other tick-associated bacteria investigated. Our results suggest that Rickettsiella spp. are a genetically and biologically diverse facultative symbiont of I. ricinus and that their distribution among tick populations could be influenced by environmental components.
Distinct interhemispheric connectivity at the level of the olfactory bulb emerges during Xenopus laevis metamorphosis
Authors: Weiss Lukas , Segoviano Arias Paola , Offner Thomas , Hawkins Sara Joy , Hassenklöver Thomas , Manzini Ivan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDuring metamorphosis, the olfactory system of anuran tadpoles undergoes substantial restructuring. The main olfactory epithelium in the principal nasal cavity ofXenopus laevistadpoles is associated with aquatic olfaction and transformed into the adult air-nose, while a new adult water-nose emerges in the middle cavity. Impacts of this metamorphic remodeling on odor processing, behavior, and network structure are still unexplored. Here, we used neuronal tracings, calcium imaging, and behavioral experiments to examine the functional connectivity between the epithelium and the main olfactory bulb during metamorphosis. In tadpoles, olfactory receptor neurons in the principal cavity project axons to glomeruli in the ventral main olfactory bulb. These projections are gradually replaced by receptor neuron axons from the newly forming middle cavity epithelium. Despite this reorganization in the ventral bulb, two spatially segregated odor processing streams remain undisrupted and behavioral responses to waterborne odorants are unchanged. Contemporaneously, new receptor neurons in the remodeling principal cavity innervate the emerging dorsal part of the bulb, which displays distinct wiring features. Glomeruli around its midline are innervated from the left and right nasal epithelia. Additionally, postsynaptic projection neurons in the dorsal bulb predominantly connect to multiple glomeruli, while half of projection neurons in the ventral bulb are uni-glomerular. Our results show that the “water system” remains functional despite metamorphic reconstruction. The network differences between the dorsal and ventral olfactory bulb imply a higher degree of odor integration in the dorsal main olfactory bulb. This is possibly connected with the processing of different odorants, airborne vs. waterborne.
Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Italian Version of the Dysphagia Handicap Index (I-DHI)
Authors: Ginocchio Daniela , Ninfa Aurora , Pizzorni Nicole , Lunetta Christian , Sansone Valeria Ada , Schindler Antonio 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Dysphagia Handicap Index (DHI) is a valid Health-related Quality of Life (HRQOL) questionnaire for patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) of heterogeneous etiologies. The study aimed at crossculturally translating and adapting the DHI into Italian (I-DHI) and analyzing I-DHI reliability, validity, and interpretability. The I-DHI was developed according to Beaton et al. 5-stage process and completed by 75 adult OD patients and 166 healthy adults. Twenty-six patients filled out the I-DHI twice, 2 weeks apart, for test–retest reliability purposes. Sixty-two patients completed the Italian-Swallowing Quality of Life Questionnaire (I-SWAL-QoL) for criterion validity analysis. Construct validity was tested comparing I-DHI scores among patients with different instrumentally assessed and self-rated OD severity, comparing patients and healthy participants and testing Spearman’s correlations among I-DHI subscales. I-DHI interpretability was assessed and normative data were generated. Participants autonomously completed the I-DHI in maximum 10 min. Reliability proved satisfactory for all I-DHI subscales (internal consistency: α > .76; test–retest reliability: intraclass correlation coefficient > .96, k = .81). Mild to moderate correlations (− .26 ≤ ρ ≤ − .72) were found between I-DHI and I-SWAL-QoL subscales. Construct validity proved satisfactory as (i) moderate to strong correlations (.51 ≤ ρ ≤ .90) were found among I-DHI subscales; (ii) patients with more severe instrumentally or self-assessed OD reported higher I-DHI scores (p < .05); and (iii) OD patients scored higher at I-DHI compared to healthy participants (p < .05). Interpretability analyses revealed a floor effect for the Emotional subscale only and higher I-DHI scores (p < .05) for healthy participants > 65 years. In conclusion, the I-DHI is a reliable and valid HRQOL tool for Italian adults with OD.
Policy invariant explicit shaping: an efficient alternative to reward shaping
Authors: Behboudian Paniz , Satsangi Yash , Taylor Matthew E. , Harutyunyan Anna , Bowling Michael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractReinforcement learning(RL) is a powerful learning paradigm in which agents can learn to maximize sparse and delayed reward signals. Although RL has had many impressive successes in complex domains, learning can take hours, days, or even years of training data. A major challenge of contemporary RL research is to discover how to learn with less data. Previous work has shown that domain information can be successfully used to shape the reward; by adding additional reward information, the agent can learn with much less data. Furthermore, if the reward is constructed from a potential function, the optimal policy is guaranteed to be unaltered. While suchpotential-based reward shaping(PBRS) holds promise, it is limited by the need for a well-defined potential function. Ideally, we would like to be able to take arbitrary advice from a human or other agent and improve performance without affecting the optimal policy. The recently introduceddynamic potential-based advice(DPBA) was proposed to tackle this challenge by predicting the potential function values as part of the learning process. However, this article demonstrates theoretically and empirically that, while DPBA can facilitate learning with good advice, it does in fact alter the optimal policy. We further show that when adding the correction term to “fix” DPBA it no longer shows effective shaping with good advice. We then present a simple method calledpolicy invariant explicit shaping(PIES) and show theoretically and empirically that PIES can use arbitrary advice, speed-up learning, and leave the optimal policy unchanged.
Cadmium affects autophagy in the human intestinal cells Caco-2 through ROS-mediated ERK activation
Authors: Mireault Myriam , Xiao Yong , Barbeau Benoît , Jumarie Catherine 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCadmium is a toxic metal that enters the food chain. Following oral ingestion, the intestinal epithelium has the capacity to accumulate high levels of this metal. We have previously shown that Cd induces ERK1/2 activation in differentiated but not proliferative human enterocytic-like Caco-2 cells. As autophagy is a dynamic process that plays a critical role in intestinal mucosa, we aimed the present study 1) to investigate the role of p-ERK1/2 in constitutive autophagy in proliferative Caco-2 cells and 2) to investigate whether Cd-induced activation of ERK1/2 modifies autophagic activity in postconfluent Caco-2 cell monolayers. Western blot analyses of ERK1/2 and autophagic markers (LC3, SQSTM1), and cellular staining with acridine orange showed that ERK1/2 and autophagic activities both decreased with time in culture. GFP-LC3 fluorescence was also associated with proliferative cells and the presence of a constitutive ERK1/2-dependent autophagic flux was demonstrated in proliferative but not in postconfluent cells. In the latter condition, serum and glucose deprivation triggered autophagy via a transient phosphorylation of ERK1/2, whereas Cd-modified autophagy via a ROS-dependent sustained activation of ERK1/2. Basal autophagy flux in proliferative cells and Cd-induced increases in autophagic markers in postconfluent cells both involved p-ERK1/2. Whether Cd blocks autophagic flux in older cell cultures remains to be clarified but our data suggest dual effects. Our results prompt further studies investigating the consequences that Cd-induced ERK1/2 activation and the related effect on autophagy may have on the intestinal cells, which may accumulate and trap high levels of Cd under some nutritional conditions.Graphical abstract
Attention Biases to Threat in Infants and Parents: Links to Parental and Infant Anxiety Dispositions
Authors: Aktar Evin , Nimphy Cosima A. , Kret Mariska E. , Pérez-Edgar Koraly , Raijmakers Maartje E. J. , Bögels Susan M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractParent-to-child transmission of information processing biases to threat is a potential causal mechanism in the family aggregation of anxiety symptoms and traits. This study is the first to investigate the link between infants’ and parents’ attention bias to dynamic threat-relevant (versus happy) emotional expressions. Moreover, the associations between infant attention and anxiety dispositions in infants and parents were explored. Using a cross-sectional design, we tested 211 infants in three age groups: 5-to-7-month-olds (n = 71), 11-to-13-month-olds (n = 73), and 17-to-19-month-olds (n = 67), and 216 parents (153 mothers). Infant and parental dwell times to angry and fearful versus happy facial expressions were measured via eye-tracking. The parents also reported on their anxiety and stress. Ratings of infant temperamental fear and distress were averaged across both parents. Parents and infants tended to show an attention bias for fearful faces with marginally longer dwell times to fearful versus happy faces. Parents dwelled longer on angry versus happy faces, whereas infants showed an avoidant pattern with longer dwell times to happy versus angry expressions. There was a significant positive association between infant and parent attention to emotional expressions. Parental anxiety dispositions were not related to their own or their infant’s attention bias. No significant link emerged between infants’ temperament and attention bias. We conclude that an association between parental and infant attention may already be evident in the early years of life, whereas a link between anxiety dispositions and attention biases may not hold in community samples.
Experimental testing of density- and season-dependent growth in vegetative Fucus aquaculture and modelling of growth over one year for different cultivation scenarios
Authors: Meichssner Rafael , Krost Peter , Schulz Rüdiger 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the Kiel Fjord, western Baltic Sea, an experimental culture of Fucus vesiculosus and Fucus serratus has been established in order to develop a sustainable method for biomass production of these species. The cultivation method includes the unattached rearing of fronds in drifting baskets and their vegetative reproduction by cutting of small vegetative apices. In this study, we performed culture experiments to measure growth rates with this method at different initial stocking densities (1–5 kg m−2) and during different seasons of the year. Using the results, we modelled growth over 1 year for different cultivation scenarios (different initial stocking densities (1–4.75 kg m−2) and harvest densities (1.25–5 kg m−2)) in order to identify optimal scenarios and estimate annual yields and the number of necessary harvests in these scenarios. Fucus vesiculosus showed a parabolic yield–density relationship with decreasing yields at high initial stocking densities (> 2.5 kg m−2). In contrast, F. serratus showed an asymptotic yield–density relationship with rather constant yields at high initial stocking densities. Both species showed a typical seasonal growth pattern with low growth rates during winter and high growth rates during summer; however, F. serratus seemed to be growth limited during summer which was not observed for F. vesiculosus. The modelling results reflected the results of the Density experiment: for F. vesiculosus, optimal cultivation scenarios were found for intermediate cultivation densities (initial stocking densities, 1.75–2.25 kg m−2; harvest densities, 3–4 kg m−2); for F. serratus, optimal cultivation scenarios included higher densities (initial stocking densities, 2.5–4 kg m−2; harvest density, 5 kg m−2). The model scenarios predicted maximal annual yields of 6.65–6.76 kg m−2 for F. vesiculosus and 6.88–6.99 kg m−2 for F. serratus. For both species, the number of harvests necessary to achieve these yields varied depending on the cultivation scenario from 2 to 6. Scenarios with only 1 harvest per year yielded slightly lower annual yields. We conclude that the modelling results offer a valid and helpful orientation for future efforts to produce Fucus species in commercial culture.
Psychosocial Working Conditions Play an Important Role in the Return-to-Work Process After Total Knee and Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Kamp Tamara , Brouwer Sandra , Hylkema Tjerk H. , van Beveren Jan , Rijk Paul C. , Brouwer Reinoud W. , Stevens Martin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurpose Both personal and work-related factors affect return to work (RTW) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA). Little is known about work-related factors associated with the recovery process. This study aimed to determine which work-related factors are associated with time to RTW for both TKA and THA patients. Methods A prospective multicenter survey study was conducted that included patients aged 18–63, had a paid job and were scheduled to undergo primary TKA/THA. Surveys were completed preoperatively, 6 weeks, and 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively, and included four domains of work-related factors: work characteristics, physical working conditions, psychosocial working conditions and work adjustments. Control variables included age, sex, education, and comorbidity. Time to RTW was defined as days from surgery until RTW. Multivariate linear regression analyses were conducted separately for TKA/THA patients. Results Enrolled were 246 patients (n = 146 TKA, n = 100 THA, median age 56 years, 57% female). Median time to RTW was 79 days (IQR 52.0–146.0). Mainly physical tasks (TKA: B 58.2, 95%CI 9.5–106.8; THA: B 52.1, 95%CI 14.1–90.2) and a combination of physical and mental tasks (TKA: B 50.2, 95%CI 6.4–94.0; THA B 54.0, 95%CI 24.2–83.7) were associated with longer time to RTW after both TKA and THA. More possibilities for personal job development (B − 12.8, 95%CI − 25.3–0.4) and more work recognition (B − 13.2, 95%CI − 25.5 to − 0.9) were significantly associated with shorter time to RTW after TKA. Higher quality of supervisor leadership (B − 14.1, 95%CI − 22.2 to − 6.0) was significantly associated with shorter time to RTW after THA. Conclusion The findings of this study stress the importance of psychosocial working conditions, besides type of job tasks, in RTW after TKA/THA. Further research on work-related factors is needed, as arthroplasty is being performed on an increasingly younger population of knee and hip OA patients for whom participating in work is of critical importance.
Adolescent Victim Types Across the Popularity Status Hierarchy: Differences in Internalizing Symptoms
Authors: Malamut Sarah T. , Dawes Molly , van den Berg Yvonne , Lansu Tessa A. M. , Schwartz David , Cillessen Antonius H. N. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPrevious studies have called attention to the fact that popular youth are not immune to peer victimization, suggesting there is heterogeneity in the popularity of victims. Yet, no study to date has determined whether victims with different levels of popularity status can be identified using person-oriented analysis. Such analysis is critically needed to confirm the existence of popular victims. Further, there remains a paucity of research on internalizing indices of such popular victims, especially compared to other victim and non-victim groups. To address this gap in the research literature, the current study used latent profile analysis to identify subgroups of victims based on victimization (self- and peer-report) and popularity (peer-report). This study sought to verify the existence of popular victims and to compare victim subgroups on loneliness and self-esteem. Participants were 804 Dutch adolescents (50.2% boys, Mage = 13.65 years, ranging from 11.29 to 16.75 years). The results revealed six subgroups, including a group of popular self-identified victims. Popular self-identified victims were generally less lonely than other victims, but had higher loneliness and lower self-esteem than non-victims. Implications are discussed for understanding the victimization experiences of high-status youth.
Paradoxes of truth-in-context-X
Authors: Gauker Christopher 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe may suppose that the truth predicate that we utilize in our semantic metalanguage is a two-place predicate relating sentences to contexts, thetruth-in-context-Xpredicate. Seeming paradoxes pertaining to the truth-in-context-X predicate can be blocked by placing restrictions on the structure of contexts. While contexts must specify a domain of contexts, and what a context constant denotes relative to a context must be a context in the context domain of that context, no context may belong to its own context domain. A generalization of that restriction appears to block all of the paradoxes of truth-in-context-X. This restriction entails that, in a certain sense, we cannot talk about the context we are in. This result will be defended, up to a point, on broadly ontological grounds. It will also be conjectured that our semantic metalanguage can be regarded as semantically closed.
A unique venue of discoveries in structural chemistry and structural biology: the 75-year and 60-year jubilees of the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology—a personal tribute
Authors: Hargittai Istvan , Hargittai Magdolna 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn 1962, the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, UK, moved into a new building and continued a success story that had begun 15 before. Milestone discoveries and Nobel Prizes have followed ever since. They have led to profound changes in our basic ideas about the nature of life and the way medicine operates. Structural chemistry has paved the way for this unprecedented progress.
Seismic velocity modeling in the digital transformation era: a review of the role of machine learning
Authors: AlAli Abdullah , Anifowose Fatai 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSeismic velocity modeling is a crucial step in seismic processing that enables the use of velocity information from both seismic and wells to map the depth and thickness of subsurface layers interpreted from seismic images. The velocity can be obtained in the form of normal moveout (NMO) velocity or by an inversion (optimization) process such as in full-waveform inversion (FWI). These methods have several limitations. These limitations include enormous time consumption in the case of NMO due to manual and heavy human involvement in the picking. As an optimization problem, it incurs high cost and suffers from nonlinearity issues. Researchers have proposed various machine learning (ML) techniques including unsupervised, supervised, and semi-supervised learning methods to model the velocity more efficiently. The focus of the studies is mostly to automate the NMO velocity picking, improve the convergence in FWI, and apply FWI using ML directly from the data. In the purview of the digital transformation roadmap of the petroleum industry, this paper presents a chronologic review of these studies, appraises the progress made so far, and concludes with a set of recommendations to overcome the prevailing challenges through the implementation of more advanced ML methodologies. We hope that this work will benefit experts, young professionals, and ML enthusiasts to help push forward their research efforts to achieving complete automation of the NMO velocity and further enhancing the performance of ML applications used in the FWI framework.