bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Atomic Oxygen and Electron Irradiation on the Electronic Structure of KTiOPO4 Crystal
Authors: Liu Jian , Lu Yan , Hao Junying 
Published: February 2021

AbstractKTiOPO4 (KTP) crystals are prepared by the top‐seeded solution growth method. Effects of space irradiation on KTP crystal structure have been investigated using Space Tribology in‐situ Analysis System: KTP crystal (001) surfaces were irradiated by atomic oxygen (AO) and electron (EL), and the electronic structure was analyzed using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The AO has strong oxidizing property which results in decreases in the intensity of C 1s peak. The content of P increases after AO/EL irradiation, while the content of Ti decreases after AO irradiation. The reduced ΔBE (O─P) shows stronger ionicity of P─O bonds after AO/EL irradiation compared with pristine KTP crystal. The deconvolution of O 1s photoemission line reveals that peaks at 530.8–531.0 and 530.1 eV are assigned to O─P and O─Ti bonds, respectively. Additionally, variations in the trend of O─P bond and O─Ti bond contents are resembled to that of P and Ti after AO/EL irradiation.
Recyclable Oxofluorovanadate‐Catalyzed Formylation of Amines by Reductive Functionalization of CO2 with Hydrosilanes
Authors: Wu Shanxuan , Huang Zijun , Jiang Xiaolin , Yan Fachao , Li Yuehui , Du Chen‐Xia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAn efficient method has been developed for the reductive amination of CO2 by using readily available and recyclable oxofluorovanadates as catalysts. Various amines are transformed into the desired N‐formylated products in moderate to excellent yields at room temperature in the presence of phenylsilane. Mechanistic studies based on in situ infrared spectroscopy suggest a reaction pathway initiated through F−Si interactions. The activated phenylsilane allows for CO2 insertion to produce phenylsilyl formate, which undergoes attack by the amine to generate the target product.
Treating acne with the tetracycline class of antibiotics: A review
Authors: Graber Emmy M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAcne, one of the most common dermatologic conditions seen by dermatologists, is frequently treated with oral antibiotics. As such, dermatologists prescribe more antibiotics than any other specialty, the majority of which are of the tetracycline class. This family of antibiotics includes tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, and sarecycline. Although linked by a similar mechanism of action, each agent has unique characteristics that should be considered carefully. Sarecycline, recently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration, is a narrow‐spectrum antibiotic and acts primarily on cutaneous bacteria such as Cutibacterium acnes. In contrast, tetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline are broad‐spectrum antibiotics—indiscriminately inhibiting bacteria in both the skin and gastrointestinal tract. Rising concerns about antibiotic resistance and the need for antibiotic stewardship may make a narrow‐spectrum antibiotic a more attractive therapeutic choice for the acne patient. It is vital that the clinician understand the pros and cons of each tetracycline agent so as to optimally serve our acne population.
Trajectories of internalizing symptoms in early childhood: Associations with maternal internalizing symptoms and child physiology
Authors: Zhou Anna M. , Buss Kristin A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractResearch has shown that children's internalizing symptom development during early childhood are shaped by biopsychosocial processes including physiology and parental symptoms. However, associations between maternal internalizing symptoms, child physiology and trajectories of child internalizing symptoms are not well understood. We used growth curve models to examine how maternal internalizing symptoms, child physiology and the interaction between maternal internalizing symptoms and child physiology may be associated with trajectories of internalizing symptoms during early childhood. Mothers reported their children's internalizing symptoms when children were 3, 4, 5 and 6 years of age, and mothers self‐reported their own internalizing symptoms when children were 3. Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA) was collected when children were 3.5‐years‐old. Results showed that there is a non‐linear, quadratic trajectory across all participants from age 3 to 6. Maternal internalizing symptoms were not associated with children's internalizing symptoms at age 6, but were associated with both linear and quadratic change. Lower resting RSA was associated with greater increases in children's internalizing symptoms over time. Interactions between maternal internalizing symptoms and RSA were not associated with children's internalizing symptom development. The findings demonstrate that maternal internalizing symptoms and child physiology are independently associated with internalizing symptom development during early childhood.
Microglia regulate synaptic development and plasticity
Authors: Andoh Megumi , Koyama Ryuta 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSynapses are fundamental structures of neural circuits that transmit information between neurons. Thus, the process of neural circuit formation via proper synaptic connections shapes the basis of brain functions and animal behavior. Synapses continuously undergo repeated formation and elimination throughout the lifetime of an organism, reflecting the dynamics of neural circuit function. The structural transformation of synapses has been described mainly in relation to neural activity‐dependent strengthening and weakening of synaptic functions, that is, functional plasticity of synapses. An increasing number of studies have unveiled the roles of microglia, brain‐resident immune cells that survey the brain parenchyma with highly motile processes, in synapse formation and elimination as well as in regulating synaptic function. Over the past 15 years, the molecular mechanisms underlying microglia‐dependent regulation of synaptic plasticity have been thoroughly studied, and researchers have reported that the disruption of microglia‐dependent regulation causes synaptic dysfunction that leads to brain diseases. In this review, we will broadly introduce studies that report the roles of microglia in synaptic plasticity and the possible underlying molecular mechanisms.
Understanding cornea epithelial stem cells and stem cell deficiency: Lessons learned using vertebrate model systems
Authors: Adil Mohd Tayyab , Henry Jonathan J. 
Published: February 2021

SummaryAnimal models have contributed greatly to our understanding of human diseases. Here, we focus on cornea epithelial stem cell (CESC) deficiency (commonly called limbal stem cell deficiency, LSCD). Corneal development, homeostasis and wound healing are supported by specific stem cells, that include the CESCs. Damage to or loss of these cells results in blindness and other debilitating ocular conditions. Here we describe the contributions from several vertebrate models toward understanding CESCs and LSCD treatments. These include both mammalian models, as well as two aquatic models, Zebrafish and the amphibian, Xenopus. Pioneering developments have been made using stem cell transplants to restore normal vision in patients with LSCD, but questions still remain about the basic biology of CESCs, including their precise cell lineages and behavior in the cornea. We describe various cell lineage tracing studies to follow their patterns of division, and the fates of their progeny during development, homeostasis, and wound healing. In addition, we present some preliminary results using the Xenopus model system. Ultimately, a more thorough understanding of these cornea cells will advance our knowledge of stem cell biology and lead to better cornea disease therapeutics.
Design of search space for improving the steady current control performance of PMSM current control system based on model predictive control
Authors: Shimaoka Masahiro , Doki Shinji 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a method to design the search space of Model Predictive Control (MPC) for improving the steady current control performance of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) current control system. A current control system based on MPC predicts the future current behaviors for considerable input voltage and determines the optimum input voltage by evaluating these behaviors. However, the basic MPC has inferior steady current control performance depending on the operating points. This is because the search space of basic MPC represented by voltage vectors is not suitable appropriate for PMSM current control. To overcome this problem, we consider difference of search space of basic MPC and current vector control with a modulator such as Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) or Space Vector Modulation (SVM) and clarify the necessary search space for improving the steady current control performance. Then, we propose a design method for the search space, and through experimentation, we show that proposed design method can improve the steady current control performance.
Iron loss characteristics of motors fed by fast switching GaN‐FET inverters
Authors: Naitoh Haruo , Sugimoto Takaya , Fujisaki Keisuke 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIron losses generated in a motor made of nonoriented electrical steel and driven by an inverter consisting of fast switching power semiconductor devices, GaN‐FETs were studied. The rectangular voltage pulses from the pulse width modulation applied to the motor generate not only a fundamental current but also harmonic currents. One of them increases considerably at the resonant frequency of the L, R, and C components in the motor. The phenomenon is called ringing. The ringing current, as well as the other currents, result in their respective iron losses. This study experimentally confirms that ringing occurs in the motor and quantitatively evaluates the iron loss related to it. The proportional dependence of the loss on the carrier frequency of PWM is found out.
Rapid fabrication of ZnO film by electrochemical deposition method from aqueous solution
Authors: Haga Hironori , Jinnai Motoyasu , Ogawa Shunpei , Kuroda Tatsuya , Kato Yasuyuki , Ishizaki Hiroki 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRecently, ZnO film paid much attention, for many application such as transparent conductive film and photo devise. In order to use as transparent conductive film, ZnO films need be obtained at high growth rate. Fabrication of oxide films by electrochemical deposition from aqueous solutions is possible to fabrication at low temperature. And thickness and electric characteristics of ZnO film can be easily controlled by electrochemical parameters. Mentioned above, this electrochemical deposition is optimal technique for manufacturing technique for transparent conductive film. We will support that the adjustment of the alkaline electrolyte for ZnO film gives the rapidly growth of ZnO films at low temperature. In this investigation, the influence of the electrical and optical properties for ZnO films with the deposition temperature will be investigated. For optical and electrical results, the growth rate and the carrier concentration of ZnO films increase with an increase in the deposition temperature. And the optical bandgap energy is constant at about 3.37 eV. Thus, the electric property and deposition rate of ZnO film will be controlled by the deposition temperature.
Fluid overload in patients undergoing TAVR: what we can learn from the nephrologists
Authors: Nitsche Christian , Kammerlander Andreas A. , Koschutnik Matthias , Sinnhuber Leah , Forutan Nabila , Eidenberger Anna , Donà Carolina , Schartmueller Florian , Dannenberg Varius , Winter Max‐Paul , Siller‐Matula Jolanta , Anvari‐Pirsch Anahit , Goliasch Georg , Hengstenberg Christian , Mascherbauer Julia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsFluid overload (FO) puts aortic stenosis (AS) patients at risk for heart failure (HF) and death. However, conventional FO assessment, including rapid weight gain, peripheral oedema, or chest radiography, is inaccurate. Bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) allows objective and reproducible FO quantification, particularly if clinically unapparent. It is used in dialysis patients to establish dry weight goals. BIS has not been tested for prognostication in AS. This study aimed to evaluate whether BIS adds prognostic information in stable patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).Methods and resultsConsecutive patients scheduled for TAVR underwent BIS in addition to echocardiographic, clinical, and laboratory assessment. On BIS, mild FO was defined as >1.0 L and severe as >3.0 L. Combined HF hospitalization and/or all‐cause death was defined as primary endpoint. Three hundred forty‐four patients (81.5 ± 7.2 years old, 47.4% female) were prospectively included. FO by BIS was associated with clinical congestion signs, higher serum markers of cardiac injury, poorer left ventricular function, higher pulmonary pressures, and more severe tricuspid regurgitation (all P < 0.05). Yet, clinical examination was unremarkable in >30% in mild FO, only detected by BIS. During 12.1 ± 5.5 months, 67 (19.5%) events were recorded (40 deaths, 15 HF hospitalizations, and 12 both). Quantitatively, every 1 L increase in FO was associated with a 24% (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.13–1.35, P < 0.001) increase in event hazard. This association persisted after adjustment for STS/EuroSCORE‐II, NT‐proBNP, left ventricular ejection fraction, and renal function.ConclusionsIn patients undergoing TAVR, FO by BIS is strongly associated with adverse outcomes. BIS measurement conveys prognostic information not represented in any currently used AS/TAVR risk assessments.
High neutralizing potency of swine glyco‐humanized polyclonal antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Vanhove Bernard , Duvaux Odile , Rousse Juliette , Royer Pierre‐Joseph , Evanno Gwénaëlle , Ciron Carine , Lheriteau Elsa , Vacher Laurent , Gervois Nadine , Oger Romain , Jacques Yannick , Conchon Sophie , Salama Apolline , Duchi Roberto , Lagutina Irina , Perota Andrea , Delahaut Philippe , Ledure Matthieu , Paulus Melody , So Ray T. , Mok Chris Ka‐Pun , Bruzzone Roberto , Bouillet Marc , Brouard Sophie , Cozzi Emanuele , Galli Cesare , Blanchard Dominique , Bach Jean‐Marie , Soulillou Jean‐Paul 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHeterologous polyclonal antibodies might represent an alternative to the use of convalescent plasma or monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) by targeting multiple antigen epitopes. However, heterologous antibodies trigger human natural xenogeneic antibody responses particularly directed against animal‐type carbohydrates, mainly the N‐glycolyl form of the neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) and the α1,3‐galactose, potentially leading to serum sickness or allergy. Here, we immunized cytidine monophosphate‐N‐acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase and α1,3‐galactosyl‐transferase (GGTA1) double KO pigs with the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) spike receptor binding domain to produce glyco‐humanized polyclonal neutralizing antibodies lacking Neu5Gc and α1,3‐galactose epitopes. Animals rapidly developed a hyperimmune response with anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 end‐titers binding dilutions over one to a million and end‐titers neutralizing dilutions of 1:10 000. The IgG fraction purified and formulated following clinical Good Manufacturing Practices, named XAV‐19, neutralized spike/angiotensin converting enzyme‐2 interaction at a concentration <1 μg/mL, and inhibited infection of human cells by SARS‐CoV‐2 in cytopathic assays. We also found that pig GH‐pAb Fc domains fail to interact with human Fc receptors, thereby avoiding macrophage‐dependent exacerbated inflammatory responses and a possible antibody‐dependent enhancement. These data and the accumulating safety advantages of using GH‐pAbs in humans warrant clinical assessment of XAV‐19 against COVID‐19.
Catalytic Asymmetric Carbene Insertion Reactions into B−H Bonds Using a Ru(II)‐Pheox Complex
Authors: Otog Nansalmaa , Chanthamath Soda , Fujisawa Ikuhide , Iwasa Seiji 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Ru(II)‐Pheox catalyzed B−H bond insertion reactions of α‐methyl diazoesters with phosphine‐ and amine‐borane adducts were successfully developed. A unique α‐methyl diazoester (dinaphthylenyl diazopropionate) with triphenylphosphine‐borane afforded the highest enantioselectivity (up to 98 % ee). Moreover, a unique dinaphthylenyl diazophenylacetate was newly synthesized, leading to improved yield and enantioselectivity of the carbene transfer B−H insertion reaction.
Syntheses, Structural Characterization, and Kinetic Investigations of Metalla[3]triangulanes: Isoelectronic Nickel(0) and Copper(I) Complexes with Bicyclopropylidene (bcp) and Dicyclopropylacetylene (dcpa) as Ligands
Authors: Ritz Florian J. , Valentin Lars , Henss Anja , Würtele Christian , Walter Olaf , Kozhushkov Sergei I. , de Meijere Armin , Schindler Siegfried 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe kinetics of the reactions between [Ni(bipy)(COD)] and bicyclopropylidene (bcp), dicyclopropylacetylene (dcpa) and 1,4‐dimethoxy‐2‐butyne (dmbu) were investigated using stopped‐flow techniques. Similar to previous studies the results support an associative mechanism (activation parameters for bcp: ΔH#=46±2 kJ ⋅ mol−1 and ΔS#=−69±8 J ⋅ mol−1 ⋅ K−1) and therefore allowed to postulate a more general reaction mechanism for the reaction pathway. The products, the nickel(0) complexes [Ni(bipy)(bcp)] and [Ni(bipy)(dcpa)], could be structurally characterized and the molecular structures are presented. In addition, the corresponding copper(I) complexes [Cu(bipy)(bcp)]PF6 and [Cu(bipy)(dcpa)]PF6 were also structurally characterized and their reactivity towards dioxygen was investigated. A detailed discussion of the structural properties and comparisons to similar literature‐known olefinic complexes with transition metals are presented.
Ecofriendly nonchemical/nonthermal methods for disinfestation and control of pest/fungal infestation during storage of major important cereal grains: A review
Authors: Srivastava Shubhangi , Mishra Hari Niwas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this review, numerous control methods for stored grain insects are discussed in detail with emphasis on the nonchemical/nonthermal methods. Grain infestation by insects and molds is one of the major problems that need attention as these pests deteriorate the quality of food grains and their products. A number of modern nonchemical methods have been found to be effective against insect pests, such as microwave and infrared heating. Besides those, nonthermal methods, such as ozone treatment and ultraviolet heating, are also gaining importance, as they prove to be much safer tools for the management of pests and molds. In a nutshell, these nonchemical/nonthermal methods have emerged as a plausible alternative to chemical fumigants which may have a deleterious effect on the food product quality from a nutritional point of view. Thus, the objective of this study was to explore the published research works on different control approaches applied on grains for protection against stored insect pests and molds. Three nutritionally and economically important cereal grains, wheat, rice, and maize, which contribute to the world economy in terms of production, are covered in the review. Also, the emphasis is given to the best physical nonchemical methods/nonthermal methods of disinfestation/disinfection of insects and molds: microwave, infrared, and ultraviolet heating as well as ozone treatment. Of all the nonchemical/nonthermal methods, microwave and ozone heating could be possible alternatives for achieving 100% mortality of insects and molds and 50–80% in the case of infrared and ultraviolet provided the grains are at the initial stage of infestation.
Pectic hydrocolloids from steam‐exploded lime pectin peel: Effect of temperature and time on macromolecular and functional properties
Authors: Cameron Randall G. , Branca Elena , Dorado Christina , Kim Yang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPreviously, we showed the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and intrinsic viscosity ([ƞ]) of pectic hydrocolloids recovered from steam‐exploded citrus peel were low, suggesting fragmentation due to process temperature and/or time‐at‐temperature. We have tested this hypothesis on a commercial lime pectin peel, washed to remove soluble sugars and dried for stabilization, using a static steam explosion system. We examined temperatures of 120–150°C at 1–3 min hold times. Galacturonic acid recovery and Mw ranged from 22% to 82% and 142–214 kDa, respectively. Recovery of most major pectic sugars increased concomitantly with galacturonic acid as temperature and time‐at‐temperature increased. [ƞ] ranged from 1.75 to 6.83 dl/g. The degree of methylesterification ranged from 66.5% to 72.1%. Tan (δ) (Loss modulus/Storage modulus; G″/G′) values of sugar–acid gels for 120–140°C treatments were <1.0. Ideal optimization analysis, where time, [ƞ], and percent recovery were maximized, identified processing conditions that favor either increased [ƞ] or percent recovery. The results presented here support our hypothesis that temperature and time‐at‐temperature affect Mw and [η] of the recovered pectic hydrocolloids. These results also demonstrate that manipulating either temperature or time‐at‐temperature enables the production of structurally varied populations of pectic hydrocolloids. Based on optimization analysis, commercially viable values of [ƞ] can be obtained while recovering approximately 50% of the pectic hydrocolloids.
Identification of tumors with NRG1 rearrangement, including a novel putative pathogenic UNC5D‐NRG1 gene fusion in prostate cancer by data‐drilling a de‐identified tumor database
Authors: Ptáková Nikola , Martínek Petr , Holubec Luboš , Janovský Václav , Vančurová Jana , Grossmann Petr , Navarro Paloma Alcaraz , Rodriguez Moreno Juan F. , Alaghehbandan Reza , Hes Ondřej , Májek Ondřej , Pešek Miloš , Michal Michal , Ondič Ondrej 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe fusion genes containing neuregulin‐1 (NRG1) are newly described potentially actionable oncogenic drivers. Initial clinical trials have shown a positive response to targeted treatment in some cases of NRG1 rearranged lung adenocarcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and pancreatic carcinoma. The cost‐effective large scale identification of NRG1 rearranged tumors is an open question. We have tested a data‐drilling approach by performing a retrospective assessment of a de‐identified molecular profiling database of 3263 tumors submitted for fusion testing. Gene fusion detection was performed by RNA‐based targeted next‐generation sequencing using the Archer Fusion Plex kits for Illumina (ArcherDX Inc., Boulder, CO). Novel fusion transcripts were confirmed by a custom‐designed RT‐PCR. Also, the aberrant expression of CK20 was studied immunohistochemically. The frequency of NRG1 rearranged tumors was 0.2% (7/3263). The most common histologic type was lung adenocarcinoma (n = 5). Also, renal carcinoma (n = 1) and prostatic adenocarcinoma (n = 1) were found. Identified fusion partners were of a wide range (CD74, SDC4, TNC, VAMP2, UNC5D), with CD74, SDC4 being found twice. The UNC5D is a novel fusion partner identified in prostate adenocarcinoma. There was no co‐occurrence with the other tested fusions nor KRAS, BRAF, and the other gene mutations specified in the applied gene panels. Immunohistochemically, the focal expression of CK20 was present in 2 lung adenocarcinomas. We believe it should be considered as an incidental finding. In conclusion, the overall frequency of tumors with NRG1 fusion was 0.2%. All tumors were carcinomas. We confirm (invasive mucinous) lung adenocarcinoma as being the most frequent tumor presenting NRG1 fusion. Herein novel putative pathogenic gene fusion UNC5D‐NRG1 is described. The potential role of immunohistochemistry in tumor identification should be further addressed.