bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A-192 Preliminary Evidence to Support Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) during Administration of the Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (NAB)
Authors: Iwanicki Sierra , Lechuga David M , Fasnacht-Hill Lisa 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
In June 2020, the American Psychological Association acknowledged that use of personal protective equipment (PPE) was key to psychologists safely resuming in-person services. However, there is no empirical evidence on the impact of PPE in delivering the provision of essential mental health services. Of particular concern is the unprecedented use of PPE during psychological assessment, which inherently breaches standardized test administration procedures. The current study provides preliminary evidence to support use of PPE during administration of the Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (NAB).

Method
This is a paired-case control study in which participants were administered the NAB using PPE. These individuals were matched based on age, sex, and education with participants from the same setting who were administered the NAB using standardized test administration procedures.

Results
Independent samples t-tests were run to determine if there were differences in index scores between the PPE and non-PPE groups. There were no significant differences in the standard scores for the NAB Total Index and all NAB Index scores with the exception of Language. Among the subtests that comprise the Language Index, only T-scores on the Oral Production subtest difference significantly between the PPE and non-PPE groups.

Conclusions
With the exception of the Language Index, index standard scores for both groups were found to be generally statistically equivalent. Given the sample size and setting limitations, no clear conclusions can be drawn about why performance varied between groups on the Language Index. Nevertheless, these data provide preliminary support for the use of PPE during administration of selected modules of the NAB.
A-195 Reliability of Scores Obtained on the WAIS-IV and WISC-V in a Largely Pacific Islander Sample
Authors: Duke Lisa A , Ponce Jonathan , Ahn Jennifer , Akiyama Kevin , Hogan Meghan , Igarashi Yurie , Pagat Danielle , Petalio Jessica , Rich Jennifer , Stal Lisa , Steele Stephanie 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
With the emergence of Covid-19, the field of assessment had to adapt immediately to telehealth administration without the typical rigorous standardization procedures neuropsychologists are accustomed to. This study will provide some support for reliability of scores obtained on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV) and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-V) utilizing telehealth in a largely Pacific Islander sample.

Method
Participants were all individuals who had completed a psychological evaluation with the principal author in either a community health care clinic or a nearby independent assessment practice. Testing had to have taken place a minimum to one year prior and participant’s had to be within the age range to repeat the same test that was previously administered. Thus far, there are 16 total participants.

Results
Paired samples t-tests indicated that there were no significant differences between the Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI), Fluid Reasoning Index (FRI), and Working Memory Index (WMI) on the WISC-V for those administered in person and through telehealth VCI (t(4) = 2.08, p = 0.106) FRI (t(4) = −0.86, p = 0.439); and WMI (t(3) = −0.104, p = 0.924). Findings were similar for the WAIS-IV with non-significant scores on the VCI (t(5) = −0.1.3, p = 0.903) or WMI (t(5) = −0.1.3, p = 0.903).

Conclusion
Although telehealth is not the gold-standard for psychological assessment, telehealth administration can provide reliable scores and important information for diagnostic clarity. As such, telehealth administration remains a valuable tool for psychologists to generate diagnoses and provide recommendations for treatment.
A-198 An Examination of the Equivalence of the in-Person and Remote Administration of the Identi-fi: A Test of Visual Organization and Recognition
Authors: Morera Carrie Champ , Carrillo Alicia , Reynolds Cecil R , McCaffrey Robert J 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
As psychologists rely more on technology while navigating the digital world, we must adapt existing assessment tools. In response to this need, a process was designed for conducting remote administration of the Identi-Fi: A Test of Visual Organization and Recognition (Reynolds & McCaffrey, 2020), which measures visual organizational ability through Visual Recognition and Visual Matching tasks. Our current study evaluates the equivalence between remote, online administration and traditional, in-person administration of the Identi-Fi.

Method
This is a paired case control study in which 106 participants were administered the Identi-Fi in an online, remote format over a videoconferencing platform, following a specific procedure to retain the validity of scores. These individuals were matched based on sex, age group, and race/ethnicity with participants from the standardization sample of the Identi-Fi, which was administered in-person.

Results
Independent-samples t-tests were conducted and determined there were no significant differences in the subtest T scores between the in-person and remote administration formats. Additionally, index scores between the in-person (M = 99.74, SD = 10.32) and remote (M = 97.18, SD = 12.54) administrations were similar and not statistically significant, t(210) = −1.621, p = 0.11. Effect size estimates (Cohen’s d and omega squared) for all t-tests were small, indicating no significant effects across the remote and in-person administration of the Identi-Fi.

Conclusions
The present study suggests that all subtests on the Identi-Fi, when given in the remote, online format in the specified procedure evaluated in this study, are generally equivalent, and examiners can use the norms of the traditional test.
A-5 Examining the Interactive Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury and Apolipoprotein E on Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Alexander Claire , Suhr Julie 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
Little research has focused on possible effects of TBI on cognitive decline rate after Alzheimer’s disease (ad) diagnosis. We examined whether Apolipoprotein E (APOE) status and TBI history interact to predict cognitive decline.

Method
We used data from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Centers (N = 463; 42.3% APOE e4 carriers, 7.8% with TBI history, mean baseline age 79.3). Inclusion criteria included normal cognition at baseline with diagnosis of ad at a follow-up visit; baseline age 50 or older; and at least 3 years of follow-up data. Mixed models (random intercept, random slope) were used, with TBI history, APOE status, and their interaction as predictors of interest. Education, race, and history of TIA, stroke, or hypertension were included as covariates. Cognitive measures included mental status exam scores and immediate/delayed story memory.

Results
After accounting for covariates, TBI history had a positive effect on cognitive decline rate on the screener and immediate memory measures. APOE status did not affect rate of cognitive decline on the screener, but presence of e4 predicted faster decline on immediate and delayed memory. TBI history and APOE status interacted to predict delayed memory decline, such that history of TBI was associated with a reduced rate of decline for e4 non-carriers but there was no effect of TBI for e4 carriers.

Conclusion
When examining cognitive decline trajectory, TBI history predicted slower decline (a positive effect) while APOE had either a negative impact or no effect, depending on the measure. Future study should examine cognitive decline in the context of demographic and genetic factors.
A-18 Early Pattern of Cognitive Changes Associated with Insulin Resistance in a Sample of Young Adults
Authors: Arastu Sana , Gonzalez Juan , Greenberg Nicole E , Lucas Emma L , Wroolie Tonita E , Rasgon Natalie L 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
Insulin resistance increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and subsequently cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. It is also linked to neurocognitive disorders and accelerated cognitive aging (Ekblad et al, 2017; Levine, Harrati, & Crimmins, 2018). Using baseline data from a longitudinal study in a sample of 126 cognitively intact adults aged 25–50 years (36.5% males), we assessed cognitive performance in relation to insulin resistance to determine whether an early prodromal pattern of cognitive changes exists prior to advanced metabolic disease.

Methods
Steady state plasma glucose (SSPG) was used to measure insulin resistance. Multivariate regression analyses were conducted using age, years of education, body mass index (BMI), and SSPG as predictors of neuropsychological functioning. In-person and tele-neuropsychological assessment was administered using standard neuropsychological measures.

Results
Higher insulin resistance was associated with significantly worse attention (WAIS-III Digit Span total; B = -0.018, p = 0.03), executive functioning (D-KEFS Color-Word Inhibition/Switching; B = 0.047, p = 0.04) and dominant fine motor abilities (Purdue Pegboard; B = -0.008, p = 0.02). Higher insulin resistance was also associated with trend level worsening of other measures of executive functioning, namely D-KEFS Trails 4 (B = 0.099, p = 0.07) and DKEFS Color-Word Inhibition errors (B = 0.007, p = 0.09).

Conclusions
In young adults, higher insulin resistance was associated with declines in attention, executive functioning, and fine motor abilities. This early pattern of subtle cognitive changes associated with higher insulin resistance seen in this sample of younger adults is consistent with later cognitive declines found in type 2 diabetes and vascular neurocognitive disorder, namely declines in attention, executive functioning, and motor abilities with eventual memory declines in advanced disease.
A-26 ADHD and Neurocognitive Functioning Following Late or Moderate Preterm Birth
Authors: Hennrick Heather , Gindlesperger Maggie , Coultis Nora 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
This study sought to broaden the findings of the current research on the relationship between late and moderate preterm (LAMP) birth and long-term neurocognitive outcomes, specifically those related to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). LAMP children were compared to term-born children on rates of ADHD prevalence and neurocognitive functioning.

Method
This cross-sectional study included 169 patients, ages 8–12 years, who completed neuropsychological evaluation; 30.2% were female, 37.87% identified with a non-White racial group, 36.7% were Medicaid, 18.34% had in-utero exposure to substances, 40.8% were LAMP, 9.47% were born following pre-eclampsia, 21.3% required intensive care at birth, and 51.5% had ADHD family history. Measures of intellectual functioning (IQ), attention, working memory (WM), executive functioning (EF), and processing speed were derived from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fifth Edition, Conners Continuous Performance Test, Second and Third Editions (CPT-2/CPT-3), Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System, and NEPSY, Second Edition.

Results
ADHD prevalence was similar between LAMP (79.7%) and term-born children (75%), as were neurocognitive outcomes. Interestingly, no significant differences in performance-based WM or EF were observed between those with and without ADHD; inattention (CPT-2/CPT-3 Omissions) was the only performance-based measure that was significantly higher among those with ADHD (M = 61.93, SD = 15.35) than those without (M = 54.31, SD = 11.27), t(165) = −3.38, p &lt; 0.01, 95% CI [−12.11, −3.13].

Conclusion(s)
Prevalence of ADHD and measured neurocognitive outcomes were not significantly different between LAMP and term-born children. This affirms the multifactorial etiological pathways to ADHD and supports ADHD as a heterogenous neurocognitive presentation.
A-32 Does Inhibition Contribute to Word Reading beyond Non-inhibition Processes?
Authors: Eason Michael , Decker Scott 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
The current study aims to extend the study conducted by Van der Sluis and colleagues (2012) and investigate whether the statistical relationships between executive functioning (EF) and reading performance is causal or merely correlational.

Methods
A sample of children ages 5 to 12 years (N = 44) were given a standardized test of inhibition and its corresponding non-inhibition condition from the NEPSY-II assessment battery (Korkman, Kirk & Kemp, 2007) and the Letter-Word Identification test from the Woodcock Johnson IV Achievement Test Battery was given to assess reading (Schrank et al., 2014). Two separate hierarchical regressions were conducted to determine if inhibition predicted reading performance beyond that of its non-inhibition condition.

Results
The first regression examined the contribution of inhibition on reading after first accounting for the non-inhibition condition, and the second regression examined the contribution of the non-inhibition condition after first accounting for inhibition. Results indicate that inhibitory ability showed no significant contribution to prediction after controlling for the non-inhibition processes, and when first controlling for inhibitory ability, the non-executive processes from the non-inhibition condition continued to significantly contribute to word reading performance (ΔR2 = 0.21, F(1,44) = 25.11, p &lt; 0.01).

Conclusions
The results of the current study provide further support that relationship between EF and reading performance may be more of a statistical and procedural confound than it is a mechanism directly implicated in reading ability attainment. More work should be done to determine if the findings from this study are replicable across different tests of reading (i.e., comprehension, fluency).
A-38 Post-Intensive Care Syndrome in a Cohort of School-Aged Children & Adolescents Receiving Integrated Care Via a Pediatric Critical Care & Neurotrauma Recovery Program
Authors: Greene Rachel , Williams Cydni N , Hall Trevor A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
We aimed to identify critical issues related to Post-Intensive Care Syndrome (PICS) through an integrated model of care whereby children and families participate in follow-up clinics with a neuropsychologist and a critical care physician. To demonstrate the impact of direct assessment, we present pilot program findings on early identification and treatment of PICS in a cohort of school-aged children and adolescents through a combination of multi-professional direct assessment and parent proxy questionnaires.

Method
64 children and adolescents ages 8–17 years participated in the current study. PICS issues related to physical, cognitive, and psychosocial health were screened 1–3 months after discharge from the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). The primary outcome was nine performance-based neurocognitive measures combined through principal components analysis to create a neurocognitive index (NCI). Pearson correlation (r) was used to determine the NCI association with other PICS measures at the p &lt; 0.05 significance level.

Results
The NCI accounted for 52% of the overall variance. Better NCI performance was significantly associated with improved quality of life (r = 0.4). Poorer neurocognitive functioning was significantly associated with the presence of intracranial lesions on imaging (r = −0.28), a neurodevelopmental (r = −0.3) or neurocognitive (r = −0.29) disorder clinician diagnosis, and parent-reported sleep disturbances (r = −0.5), fatigue (r = −0.46), and global executive functioning (r = −0.42).

Conclusions
Performance-based measures of neurocognitive functioning were associated with core PICS features including physical, cognitive, and psychosocial functioning. Direct assessment of neurocognitive and psychosocial functioning in the initial healing phase following PICU admission is needed to provide patients and their families with expedited and comprehensive guidance for recovery.
A-60 Case of Moyamoya Syndrome in Haitian Female without Known Risk Factors
Authors: Elie Emmauela , Puentes Gisela Aguila , Ireland Susan , Kumbhani Sheba 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
Moyamoya is a rare, progressive cerebrovascular disorder characterized by carotid artery stenosis or occlusion. Tiny “moyamoya” blood vessels open at the brain base to compensate, often resulting in large vessel ischemic strokes or from hemorrhage of moyamoya vessels. Peak incidence in adults is 30 to 50 years old and 30% progress bilaterally. 54 year-old right-handed Black Haitian female with 13 years of education presented with new stroke, now diagnosed with bilateral moyamoya syndrome. Premorbid history includes hypertension, Type II Diabetes Mellitus, patent foramen ovale, and malignant phyllodes breast tumor treated by resection and local radiation. Presents with no traditional risk factors for moyamoya (e.g., brain radiation, sickle cell disease, neurofibromatosis).

Method
Five years previously patient experienced multi-focal embolic MCA strokes from left internal carotid occlusion attributed to hypercoagulability of malignancy, returning to previous activities except driving. Present perfusion CT showed complete occlusion of bilateral cavernous carotid arteries. Diagnostic angiogram showed collateral system via PCA-MCA pial-pial collaterals in parieto-occipital-temporal regions, and leptomeningeal collaterals to ACA territory. She underwent bilateral STA-MCA direct bypass.

Results
Acute neuropsychological testing conducted in Haitian Creole by native-speaking trainee showed expressive aphasia, orientation to person and situation, ability to follow 1-step commands, moderately impaired naming of familiar objects, reduced sustained attention. Also left hemiparesis, right gaze preference, and left homonymous hemianopsia.

Conclusions
The present case study delineates development of secondary moyamoya in a Black Haitian woman without known risk factors, resulting in significant cognitive-linguistic deficits consistent with brain findings. Limitations include lack of validated measures in Haitian Creole.
A-68 Neuropsychological Predictors of Seizure Freedom in Patients Undergoing Stereotactic Laser Ablation of the Hippocampus (SLAH) for Refractory Epilepsy
Authors: Park Sydney E , Cummings Tiffany L , Rigdon Joseph , Robles Christian , Bhaskar Brinda , Horn Alex , Allen Calisha , Flashman Laura , Peterson Keyan , Lemley Regan , Liberatore Grace , Morgan Katie , Munger Clary Heidi M 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
Presurgical cognitive and psychiatric status can serve as predictors of surgical outcomes; however, there are no studies that assess the predictive nature of cognitive factors and psychiatric illness on seizure freedom following stereotactic laser ablation, a novel, minimally invasive surgical approach, of the hippocampus (SLAH). Therefore, this study aimed to assess whether neuropsychological factors were associated with long-term postoperative outcome, defined as time maintaining continuous postoperative seizure freedom (Engel Class I outcome persistently after surgery), after mesial temporal laser ablation surgery.

Method
Forty-one patients (Age M = 37.5 ± 12.6; 61% female; 63% left mesial temporal ablation; 37% right mesial temporal ablation) were selected from retrospective data collection of epilepsy surgery outcomes following mesial temporal laser ablation. Patients were assessed with a presurgical neuropsychological battery as part of Phase I work-up.

Results
Wilcoxon rank-sum tests revealed there were no significant differences between groups (seizure free and non-seizure free) across presurgical intellectual functioning, (seizure free M = 37.6; non-seizure free M = 40.6; p = 0.31), verbal memory (p = 0.59), visual memory (p = 0.39), and language composite scores (p = 0.87). There was also no significant difference in presurgical mean depression scores (p = 0.81).

Conclusions
There were no significant differences between groups in presurgical cognitive and psychiatric predictors on seizure outcomes; however, sample size is a limitation. Further investigations are needed given that cognitive and psychiatric predictors may be associated with SLAH outcomes. Additionally, these findings add to the absence of literature on cognitive and psychiatric predictors in SLAH.
Perineal Outcomes After Delivery in 179 Mothers with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Compared to 31 258 Controls: A Single-Centre Cohort Study
Authors: Lever Gillian , Chipeta Hlupe , Glanville Tracey , Selinger Christian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Women with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] have an increased risk for caesarean section [CS], but perineal obstetric outcomes, which may have significant consequences for women with IBD, have not been previously studied.

Method
Maternal outcomes in singleton pregnancies of IBD and non-IBD patients [2014–2018] in a single centre were studied.

Results
In 31 528 non-IBD and 179 IBD patients delivery by CS was more likely in IBD patients (p = 0.0021, relative risk [RR] 1.45, confidence interval [CI] 1.16–1.81). Elective CS in IBD patients occurred in 40% for IBD indications, all in accordance with current international guidelines. Perineal trauma, including tears involving the anal sphincter, were equally uncommon in IBD [2.23%] and non-IBD patients [3.40%; p = 0.35, RR 0.64, CI 0.24–1.68]. Of the four IBD patients with clinically significant tears, none had pelvic floor dysfunction or incontinence at follow-up in a specialist postnatal perineal trauma clinic. One IBD patient who had a clinically non-significant second-degree perineal tear reported incontinence a year after giving birth. Previous perianal disease was not associated with significant perineal trauma.

Conclusion
The low rate of perineal trauma is reassuring for promotion of vaginal delivery in most IBD patients. In those who experienced tears involving the anal sphincter no continence issues occurred. Women with IBD having a greater incidence of delivery by CS was only partially explained by IBD indications.