bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Failure to Achieve Recommended ω‐3 DHA Intake During Pregnancy: Nutrition Education Needed
Authors: Thaxton Carly A , Gaitan Adriana V , Drewery Merritt L , Pinkston Rakeysha I , Seidemann Ericka L , Elkind‐Hirsch Karen , Lammi‐Keefe Carol J 
Published: June 2021

Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010 recommends pregnant or breastfeeding women consume 8–12 oz of seafood/week, translating to an average DHA+EPA intake of 200–250 mg/day. In an on‐going study of overweight pregnant women in Louisiana, we assessed dietary intake and fatty acid status of red blood cells (RBC) mid‐pregnancy. Women (n=10, 20–34 years of age) entered the study at 17–20 weeks of pregnancy (age: n=5 ≥25 y, n=5 <25 y; ethnicity: n=5 African American, n=5 White; SES: n=5 low SES, n=5 med/high SES). Dietary intake was assessed by repeated (n=7) 24‐hour dietary recalls using the University of Minnesota Nutrient Data System for Research (NDSR). Red blood cell fatty acid concentrations were determined with gas chromatography at the time of study entrance. The relative weight percentage (wt%) of each RBC fatty acid identified was determined from the retention time. On average, women consumed 93±59 mg DHA+EPA/day via diet; n=1 achieved the recommended intake of 200 mg/day. Taking prenatal supplementation into consideration, the average DHA+EPA intake was 199±96 mg/day; n=5 achieved the recommended intake of 200 mg/day. While all enrolled women (n=10) consumed prenatal supplements during pregnancy, not all prenatal supplements contained DHA+EPA (n=1). On average, prenatal supplements provided an additional 121±77 mg DHA+EPA/day. Including prenatal supplement consumption, the average ω‐6:ω‐3 ratio was 1.01±0.78. There was a significant difference in DHA+EPA intake between the low SES and med/high SES women, (P=0.01); low SES had higher intake (255±70 mg/day) than med/high SES (115±78 mg/day). Ethnicity and age did not significantly affect DHA+EPA intake (P≥0.3). The top 5 dietary sources of DHA+EPA were crawfish, chicken, shrimp, eggs, and crab. Other seafood sources commonly consumed included catfish, oysters, and tilapia. In terms of fatty acid status, the wt% of RBC DHA was 9.25±1.3 (range: 7.33–11.05) and RBC EPA was 0.14±0.03 (range: 0.1–0.22). There were no significant differences in RBC DHA+EPA status for SES, age, or ethnicity (P≥0.2). Furthermore, there was no correlation between DHA+EPA intake and RBC concentrations (r=−0.06). The latter observation may be explained, in part, by the fact that DHA is preferentially transferred across the placenta to meet fetal demands during gestation. These data point to a need for nutrition education for pregnant women and women of childbearing ages regarding the importance of consuming fish varieties that are highly enriched in DHA+EPA.Support or Funding InformationFunded in part by: LSU Undergraduate Research Grant (C Thaxton); USDA AFRI 2012‐67017‐19293 (CJL‐K); and LSU AgCenter.
The Effect Of Maternal Supplementation With A Lipid‐Based Nutrient Supplement On Infant Micronutrient Intake In Guatemalan Women And Infants
Authors: Haber Juliana A. , Solomons Noel W. , Hampel Daniela , Orozco Mónica N. , Allen Lindsay H. 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUNDAccording to the World Health Organization (WHO), infants should be exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months of life. Despite the high adherence to the WHO guidelines in Guatemala, there is a high prevalence of malnutrition during early life, which increases during the first 6 months of age. This suggests that breast milk quality may be suboptimal with regard to provision of micronutrients. Our objective was to evaluate whether maternal supplementation with a lipid based nutrient supplement (LNS) would increase infant micronutrient intake from breast milk.METHODSThe randomly‐allocated, cross‐over design included 30 mother‐infant dyads 4–6 months postpartum in Quetzaltenango, Guatemala. In three 8‐hour milk collection visits the participating mother received a single bolus dose of 30 g LNS (B), 10 g of LNS divided over 3 time points (D), or no LNS (C). Mid‐feed milk samples were collected at each infant feed and total milk consumption measured. Maternal blood was collected at baseline, maternal dietary intake was assessed, and maternal and infant anthropometry was measured. The primary outcome was infant B‐complex vitamin intake from breast milk, estimated using micronutrient analyses and infant milk consumption. Analysis of variance and pair‐wise comparisons were used to examine the effect of dosing regimen. Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02464111on).FINDINGSOf 26 dyads completing the study, results for 8 are included in this preliminary data analysis. On average, during 8 hours infants consumed more riboflavin when their mother received LNS (B or D), compared to C (9±6 μg, treatment p=0.012). B increased infant riboflavin intake by 28±21 μg, (p=0.005) whereas D increased intake by 19±14 μg (p=0.018). Neither B nor D increased infant pyridoxal (B 37±29 μg, D 44±36 μg, C 23±10 μg, p=0.328), niacin (B 41±31 μg D 37±30 μg, C 30±17 μg, p= 0.490) or thiamin (B 4±2 μg, D 6±6 μg, C 4±3 μg, p= 0.408) intake compared to no‐supplement. Compared to C, over 8 hours B provided an extra 6%, 0%, 14%, 1% of the Adequate Intake for infants under 6 months for riboflavin, thiamin, pyridoxal, and niacin, respectively, whereas D provided an extra 3%, 1%, 21%, 0%, respectively.INTERPRETATIONMaternal supplementation with LNS as a bolus dose or divided dose increased infant riboflavin intake, with the bolus dose proving more efficacious at increasing infant riboflavin intake from milk. In this initial group of dyads, maternal supplementation with LNS did not significantly impact infant pyridoxal, niacin, or thiamin intake.Support or Funding InformationUC Global Health Initiative, Blum Center for Developing Economies, UC Davis, USDA ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center.
Cognitive Interviews with Parents to Validate a Questionnaire Assessing the Quality of Home Food Supplies
Authors: Delaney Colleen , McKinley Jessica , Martin‐Biggers Jennifer T , Byrd‐Bredbenner Carol 
Published: June 2021

Foods available at home can affect health outcomes. Time‐efficient, reliable, valid tools that accurately estimate the calorie and nutrient quality of the home food supply are needed. Thus, a 36‐item food frequency questionnaire for individual intake was modified to assess household food supply fruit and vegetable servings, calories, percent calories from fat, and nutrients (i.e., total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, vitamin C, fiber, potassium, magnesium, sugar from sweetened beverages). As part of validation, cognitive interviews were conducted with 15 parents to assess comprehension of questionnaire items and accuracy of interpretation by having parents read each questionnaire item aloud and verbally explain what the item was asking, then select their answer to the item and state the reasoning for the answer. The instructions for completing the questionnaire were reviewed with each parent before the cognitive interview began. After the first 5 interviews, the instrument layout was revised to put fewer items on each page (similar items, such as fruits and vegetables, were grouped together on a page) and repeating questionnaire instructions at the top of each page as a reminder of how to answer the items. Overall, parents correctly interpreted questionnaire items, felt that they were quick and easy to complete, and had only minor suggestions for improvement. A few parents thought some items were redundant, mainly because parents did not differentiate between food descriptors/qualifiers (e.g., low fat vs whole milk) indicating a need for stronger visual cues in the questionnaire to facilitate differentiation (e.g., color, bold, and/or underline descriptors). Several were unsure as to whether takeout food, specifically pizza, should be counted as part of the household food supply. A few wanted to report on additional food items beyond those in the questionnaire, such as ethnic foods. Some had minor difficulties remembering the questionnaire was about household food availability not dietary intake of individual family members. Cognitive interview results indicate that a food frequency questionnaire modified for assessing household food supply is a quick, easy tool for estimating food availability in the home and is understandable and acceptable to study participants. Future research should investigate the validity of the questionnaire by comparing parent responses to actual household food supplies.Support or Funding InformationUSDA NIFA #2011‐68001‐30170
Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Physical Activity in Young Adults: Get Fruved Study
Authors: Barr Makenzie L , Olfert Melissa D , Zhou Wenjun , Riggsbee Kristin , Mathews Anne EW , Vilaro Melissa , Kattelmann Kendra K. , Leischner Krista , Crouter Scott , Morrell Jesse S , Thompson Dixie , White Adrienne , Horacek Tanya , Kidd Tandalayo , Brown Onikia , Colby Sarah E 
Published: June 2021

The objective of this multi‐state research collaborative effort “Get Fruved” was to identify consumption of fruits and vegetables and physical activity across four university populations and geographical locations to compare for differences. All four university research teams enrolled freshmen, sophomore, and junior college students from Florida, South Dakota, Tennessee and West Virginia in two multi‐university training courses to develop a peer‐led, social marketing and environmental intervention in collaboration with researchers and Extension Professionals. Baseline assessments included a behavioral and demographical survey. Demographical variables included living on or off campus, relationship status, hours working a job, GPA, if they were a student athlete, scholarship status, had a Pell Grant or were vegetarian. Baseline demographics and geographical data were analyzed by FV consumption (NCI Fruit and Vegetables Screener) and physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) using one‐way ANOVA testing. The participants (N=280) were predominately Caucasian (84.40%), female (87.89%), and 18–20 years of age (75.29%). Year in school varied: sophomores (39.84%), juniors (34.38%), and freshmen (18.75%). Participants were primarily White (84.40%), with the remaining being Black or African American (5.05%), Hispanic or Latino (1.38%), and other (including biracial) (9.17%). Student athletes had higher levels of physical activity than non‐student athletes (p<0.0001; 4905.62 MET‐min/wk vs. 2729.98, respectively). Males were more physically active than females (p=0.0038; 3783.36 MET‐min/wk vs. 2712.88, respectively). Vegetarians had higher levels of FV consumption than non‐vegetarians (p=0.0027; 5.45 cups vs. 3.52 cups, respectively). No other differences were found in behavioral variables across demographical groups, including across geographical locations and across gender The findings indicated that the assessments used adequately captured characteristic and behavior relationships that would be expected based on previous research (e.g. vegetarians with increased FV consumption and student athletes with increased PA). Similar characteristics of participants across the four states for FV intake and PA provide a baseline for future intervention implementation.Support or Funding InformationFunding support USDA/AFRI #2014‐67001‐21851
Sleep and Stress Level of College Students Developing a Health Promotion Intervention: Get Fruved Study
Authors: Olfert Melissa D. , Barr Makenzie L. , Zhou Wenjun , Riggsbee Kristin , Mathews Anne EW , Vilaro Melissa , Kattelmann Kendra K. , Andrea Hanson , Spurgeon Shawn , Morrell Jesse S , Franzen‐Castle Lisa , Byrd‐Bredbenner Carol , White Adrienne , Horacek Tanya , Kidd Tandalayo , Brown Onikia , Colby Sarah E 
Published: June 2021

The objective of this study was to examine sleep hours (SH) and perceived stress (PS) levels in college students. Freshmen, sophomore, junior and senior college students (n=280) from four land‐grant, public universities (Florida, South Dakota, Tennessee and West Virginia) where enrolled in the “Get Fruved” research study and trained via two multi‐university courses. In the courses, the students worked with researchers and Extension Professionals to develop a peer‐led, social marketing and environmental change intervention at each of their respective campuses. Baseline assessments included behavioral (SH and PS) and demographic characteristics (including age, race/ethnicity, residing on/off campus, # hours working, relationship status, GPA, student athlete status, financial aid). SD was determined by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; PS via Cohen Perceived Stress Scale. Demographic differences in SD and PS were evaluated by one‐way ANOVA. SD (x=7.3±1.1) differed between universities (p<0.01), among age groups (p<0.05), and among different working hour groups (p<0.01). Hispanic students reported higher levels of stress compared to students not identifying as Hispanic (25.65 vs. 22.58, p<0.01); Asian students reported higher levels of stress than students of other races (27.53 vs. 22.63 p<0.01). SD and PS did not differ between students living on/off campus, by relationship status, GPA, athlete status, or financial aid status. Future wellness interventions targeting college students should consider geographical, racial/ethnic, and behavioral differences as they relate to sleep and perceived stress.Support or Funding InformationFunding support USDA/AFRI #2014‐67001‐21851
Developing Food‐Specific Molecular Profiles and Biomarkers of Food and Nutrient Intake, and Dietary Exposure for Reducing Cancer Risks
Authors: Emenaker Nancy J. , Chester Deirdra N. 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundDietary and lifestyle choices comprise significant environmental modifiers contributing to disease risks, including diabetes, heart disease, and cancer. Yet few associational diet studies yield reliable health strategies reducing disease incidence. Reliable and quantitative methods are needed for measuring dietary consumption and compliance that advances our knowledge beyond association between dietary intake, health and disease etiology.ObjectiveTo describe food‐specific molecular profiles and biomarkers development of functional foods, nutrients and dietary exposures for reducing the risk of disease, in particular cancer.MethodsGrowing evidence indicates molecular markers or food‐specific signatures could provide potentially useful information about dietary consumption. For example, recent evidence demonstrated metabolic profiles correspond to high animal protein, or fruit and wine consumption highlighting the importance of metabolomics and stratification of individuals with respect to dietary habits.ResultsNIH and USDA‐NIFA jointly support and encourage research addressing the specific gaps on food specific molecular signatures and biomarkers of food and nutrient intake, and dietary exposure over time using both animal and human studies as appropriate. Clinical studies that involve controlled feeding and short term bolus feeding studies involving limited human subjects are appropriate for this purpose. Research approaches of interest include but are not limited to:

Identification and validation of food and nutrient specific metabolic signatures that correlate with nutrient quality and efficacy and nutrient consumption;
Identification and validation of molecular signatures of dietary consumption of nutrients over time, including commonly used nutrient supplements, and energy supplements or beverages;
Studies that explore the interaction/competition between various nutrients including natural products for their absorption, transport, metabolism and elimination;
Studies that explore the interaction/competition between various nutrients and drugs for their absorption, transport, metabolism and elimination, dose response, bioavailability, toxicity, and ADME profiles; and
Studies that explore natural products/nutrients, microbiota interactions with host physiology and metabolism.
ConclusionDevelopment of reliable quantitative molecular markers or food specific signatures may advance the field beyond associational links between dietary intake, health and disease etiology.Support or Funding InformationFunding supported by the NCI/NIH and USDA.
Raisin Consumption is Associated with Increased Nutrient Intake, Better Diet Quality, and Lower Body Mass Index in Adult Participants (19+ years) from the NHANES (2001–2012)
Authors: Fulgoni Victor L , O'Neil Carol E , Painter James , Carughi Arianna 
Published: June 2021

The association between raisin consumption with nutrient intake, dietary quality, and weight parameters was examined in adults using data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2001–2012 (n=29,684). Raisin consumers (n=458, 60.1% female) were defined as reporting consumption of any amount of raisins during the first 24‐hour diet recall. Diet quality was calculated using the Healthy Eating Index‐2010 (HEI). Covariate adjusted (age, gender, race/ethnicity, poverty income ratio, physical activity level, current smoking status, and alcohol intake) regression analyses were conducted using appropriate sample weights; significance was set at p<0.01. For analyses of nutrients and food groups energy intake was an additional covariate. Energy intake was higher in raisin consumers than non‐consumers (2257 ± 44 vs. 2074 ± 9). Examining nutrients of public health concern/shortfall nutrients identified by the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee Report 2015, dietary fiber (22.1 ± 1 vs. 16.5 ± 0.1 g/d) and potassium (3084 ± 77 vs. 2665 ± 10 mg/d) were significantly higher in raisin consumers compared to non‐consumers, while no associations were observed for intakes of calcium and vitamin D. Intakes of vitamin A, folate, and iron were similar in raisin consumers and non‐consumers but intake of vitamin C (117 ± 8 vs. 94.4 ± 1.2 mg/d), vitamin E (8.9 ± 0.5 vs. 7.3 ± 0.1 mg AT/d), and magnesium (355 ± 11 vs. 290 ± 1 mg/d) were higher in raisin consumers. Regarding nutrients to limit, intakes of saturated fatty acids (21. 2 ± 0.9 vs. 25.0 ± 0.1 g/day), added sugars (14.9 ± 0.7 vs. 18.0 ± 0.2 tsp equivalents/day), and sodium (3190 ± 78 vs. 3541 ± 17 mg/day) were significantly lower in the raisin consumers vs. non‐consumers. Consumers had higher total HEI scores (61.4 ± 1.0 vs. 49.1 ± 0.2). Regarding HEI sub‐components, except for total dairy and total protein, HEI sub‐component scores were higher for raisin consumers as compared to non‐consumers. The largest differences in sub‐component scores were seen for calories from solid fats, added sugars, and alcohol, (14.3 ± 0.4 vs. 12.1 ± 0.1), whole grains (4.2 ± 0.2 vs. 2.1 ± 0.04), and whole fruit (3.8 ± 0.2 vs. 2.1 ± 0.03). BMI (27.3±0.4 vs. 28.8±0.1 kg/m2) and waist circumference (94.1±0.1 vs. 97.8±0.2 cm) were lower in consumers. Raisin consumers were 39% less likely [odds ratio (OR):0.61, 99th confidence interval (CI): 0.41, 0.89] to be overweight or obese and had a 48% reduced risk (OR=0.58, 99th CI: 0.36, 0.74) of increased waist size. Raisin consumption was associated with better nutrient intake, diet quality and weight parameters in adults.Support or Funding InformationFunding provided by Sun‐Maid Growers of California and USDA.
In vitro Short‐Chain Fatty Acid Production of Rice Bran Components by Human Gut Microbiota
Authors: Pham Tung , Savary Brett J , Chen Ming‐Hsuan , Lee Sun‐Ok 
Published: June 2021

Rice bran is a rich source of bioactive components that have potentials to promote gastrointestinal health. However, bran is typically removed during polishing. Among those, feruloylated arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (FAXO) and rice bran polyphenolics (RBPP) are believed to have positive impacts on human gut microbiota. The objective of this study is to investigate the ability of FAXO and 50% ethanol fraction of RBPP to increase short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA) production, including acetic, propionic, and butyric acid, which are strongly associated with colonic health in human. Fresh fecal samples collected from five healthy adults with no signs or symptoms of bowel diseases or conditions were diluted with anaerobic medium. Each sample received 5 treatments separately: Blank (no substrates), Control (fructooligosaccharides – FOS, prebiotic), FAXO, RBPP, and FAXO with RBPP. Samples were prepared inside an anaerobic chamber, then capped and sealed tightly. Samples were incubated at 37°C. An aliquot of 1.5 mL was drawn from each treatment test tube at 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 30 hours and stored immediately at −80°C. SCFA concentrations were measured quantitatively using gas chromatography. Results showed that SCFA productions were increased with the addition of FAXO. Although total SCFA production of FAXO was not significantly higher than that of FOS, individual SCFA productions of FAXO were significantly higher compared to FOS (P<0.05). Propionic acid production of FAXO was higher compared to FOS at timepoint 24‐hour (2.32±0.70 mM and 0.34±0.36 mM, respectively) and 30‐hour (2.48±0.70 mM and 0.17±0.61 mM, respectively). FAXO also produced more butyric acid compared to FOS at 12‐hour (1.98±0.24 mM and 0.36±0.76 mM, respectively), 24‐hour (2.53±0.48 mM and 0.56±0.58 mM, respectively), and 30‐hour (2.90±0.80 mM and 0.51±0.62 mM, respectively). However, the synergistic effects of FAXO and RBPP were not observed as their combination did not increase SCFA productions significantly compared to FAXO treatment. Results from this study showed that FAXO exhibited prebiotic‐like activities and can potentially be used as a functional ingredient to promote colon health.Support or Funding InformationFunding provided by the USDA NIFA (Grant No. 2014‐67017‐21766) is gratefully acknowledged.
Fructokinase prevents the hyperfructosemia of human hereditary fructosuria and the hyperglycemia of fructose‐induced metabolic syndrome
Authors: Ferraris Ronaldo P , Sugimoto Keiichiro , Patel Chirag , Douard Veronique , Shah Ami , Inui Hiroshi , Yamanouchi Toshikazu 
Published: June 2021

We determined whether the effects of dietary fructose on blood fructose and glucose concentrations are modulated by fructokinase (FK) and the fructose transporter GLUT5. Portal and systemic fructose levels determined by HPLC in wildtype (WT) mice and rats fed for 5 d 0% free fructose were <0.1 mM, were similar to those of GLUT5−/ − mice, and did not cause hyperglycemia. Fructose levels more than doubled in WT mice fed isocaloric 20% fructose, causing significant hyperglycemia. Fructosemia and hyperglycemia in rats also increased dose‐dependently with dietary fructose. Deletion of mouse FK prevented fructose‐induced hyperglycemia, but caused dramatic hyperfructosemia (>1 mM) that not only worsened with fructose dose but also surprisingly reversed portal to systemic fructose concentration gradients. Systemic glucose increased by 3.5 mM for each 0.1 mM increase in systemic fructose levels in WT, but was independent of systemic fructose in FK−/−, mice. It did not vary with portal fructose in WT and FK−/− mice, suggesting an important role of the liver in fructose‐induced hyperglycemia. Chronic fructose feeding of > 30 d also increased hyperglycemia and HbA1c concentrations in rats and WT mice, but not in FK−/− mice. Even after 12 wk of fructose feeding, hyperfructosemia was maintained in FK−/− mice which appeared phenotypically normal. Significant levels of blood fructose, perhaps from endogenous synthesis, were observed in rats and in WT, FK−/− and GLUT5−/− mice that were not fed fructose. FK−/− mice mimics the hyperfructosemia of essential fructosuria in humans. In WT mice, FK prevents the modest hyperfructosemia that seems to cause fructose‐induced hyperglycemia and diabetes in mammals.Support or Funding InformationNSF 1121049, 1456673; NIH‐DK‐102934