bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiological, nutritional, and molecular responses of Brazilian sugarcane cultivars under stress by aluminum
Authors: Oliveira Mariane de Souza , Rocha Sâmara Vieira , Schneider Vanessa Karine , Henrique-Silva Flavio , Soares Marcio Roberto , Soares-Costa Andrea 
Published: June 2021

Background
Sugarcane is a crop of global importance and has been expanding to areas with soils containing high levels of exchangeable aluminum (Al), which is a limiting factor for crop development in acidic soils. The study of the sugarcane physiological and nutritional behavior together with patterns of gene expression in response to Al stress may provide a basis for effective strategies to increase crop productivity in acidic soils.

Methods
Sugarcane cultivars were evaluated for physiological parameters (photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration), nutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S) and Al contents in leaves and roots and gene expression, of the genes MDH, SDH by qPCR, both related to the production of organic acids, and SOD, related to oxidative stress.

Results
Brazilian sugarcane RB867515, RB928064, and RB935744 cultivars exhibited very different responses to induced stress by Al. Exposure to Al caused up-regulation (SOD and MDH) or down-regulation (SDH, MDH, and SOD), depending on the cultivar, Al level, and plant tissue. The RB867515 cultivar was the most Al-tolerant, showing no decline of nutrient content in plant tissue, photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance after exposure to Al; it exhibited the highest Al content in the roots, and showed important MDH and SOD gene expression in the roots. RB928064 only showed low expression of SOD in roots and leaves, while RB935744 showed important expression of the SOD gene only in the leaves. Sugarcane cultivars were classified in the following descending Al-tolerance order: RB867515 > RB928064 = RB935744. These results may contribute to the obtention of Al-tolerant cultivars that can play their genetic potential in soils of low fertility and with low demand for agricultural inputs; the selection of potential plants for breeding programs; the elucidation of Al detoxification mechanisms employed by sugarcane cultivars.
Helicobacter pylori prevalence in healthy Mexican children: comparison between two non-invasive methods
Authors: Martínez-Santos Verónica I. , Hernández Catalán Manuel , Ojeda Salazar Luis Octavio , Orozco Gómez Octavio Andrei , Lorenzo Sandra Ines , Santos Gómez Rayver , Romero-Castro Norma S. , Reyes Ríos Roxana , Martinez Carrillo Dinorah Nashely , Fernández-Tilapa Gloria 
Published: June 2021

Background
Helicobacter pylori detection in asymptomatic children with suspected infection or with symptoms that suggest gastric pathology is problematic, since most of the methods depend on the endoscopic study, an invasive and expensive method. Non-invasive methods can be a feasible alternative but must be validated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the concordance between H. pylori DNA detection in saliva and dental plaque by PCR, with antigen detection in stool by immunochromatography, among asymptomatic children in the state of Guerrero, Mexico.

Methods
Dental plaque, saliva, and stool samples were obtained from 171 children between 6 and 12 years old. H. pylori detection in saliva and dental plaque was performed by PCR using specific primers for the 16S rRNA gene, while the detection in stool samples was performed by immunochromatography using the CerTest kit.

Results
We found an overall H. pylori prevalence of 59.6% (102/171). Of the H. pylori positive children 18% (20/111) were positive in saliva samples, 28.1% (34/121) in dental plaque samples, and 50.4% (71/141) in stool samples. A higher prevalence was found in girls (64.7%, p = 0.002). Although some of the children declared some dyspeptic symptoms, these were no related to H. pylori. In conclusion, we found a high prevalence of H. pylori in asymptomatic children and the highest proportion was detected by stool antigen test, which was the most feasible method to detect H. pylori infection.
Iron deficiency anemia among children aged 2–5 years in southern Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Orsango Alemselam Zebdewos , Habtu Wossene , Lejisa Tadesse , Loha Eskindir , Lindtjørn Bernt , Engebretsen Ingunn Marie S. 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundIron-deficiency anemia (IDA) is a common type of nutritional anemia in low-income countries, including Ethiopia. However, there is limited data on iron deficiency anemia prevalence and associated factors in Ethiopia, particularly for children aged 2 to 5 years.ObjectivesTo establish the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia and associated risk factors, focusing on iron-rich food consumption among children aged 2 to 5 years in southern Ethiopia.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in southern Ethiopia in 2017, involving 331 randomly selected children aged 2 to 5 years old. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information about the children and the households. Venous blood was collected from each child in a test tube to measure hemoglobin, ferritin, and C-reactive protein (CRP). Hemoglobin levels were determined using Hemocue®301 and adjusted for altitude. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin levels <11 g/dl. Ferritin was adjusted for inflammation based on CRP concentration and low ferritin concentration defined as adjusted ferritin concentration <12 µg/L. IDA was considered when a child had both hemoglobin level <11g/dl and low ferritin concentration. Bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression models were performed to identify factors associated with IDA and iron-rich food consumption.ResultsThe prevalence of iron deficiency anemia was 25%, and the total anemia prevalence was 32%. Only 15% of children consumed iron-rich foods in the preceding 24 h, and 30% of children consumed iron-rich foods at least once in the preceding week. IDA decreased as the height for age z-score increased (Adjusted Odds Ratio 0.7; 95% CI [0.5–0.9]). Mothers with increased educational level (AOR 1.1; 1.0–1.2) and households with increased dietary diversity (AOR 1.4; 1.2–1.6) consumed more iron-rich foods.ConclusionsIron deficiency anaemia was a moderate public health problem in southern Ethiopia, and the iron-rich food consumption was low. Interventions should focus on food supplementation and fortification, food diversification and nutritional education, and promoting women’s education.
Combination of ferulic acid, ligustrazine and tetrahydropalmatine inhibits invasion and metastasis through MMP/TIMP signaling in endometriosis
Authors: Tan Yi , Zhang Chengling , Zhang Ying , Dai Xueshan , Wei Qinghua , Wei Jiahui , Xu Pingli , Chen Yi 
Published: June 2021

Background
The design of the combination of ferulic acid, ligustrazine and tetrahydropalmatine (FLT) is inspired by the Chinese herbal prescription Foshou San. Previous work has shown that FLT inhibited endometriosis growth in rat autograft models. However, the mechanism behind this is unclear. MMP/TIMP signaling is considered as the vital pathway of metastasis and invasion in endometriosis. In this study, we aim to disclose effects of FLT on MMP/TIMP signaling in invasion and metastasis during endometrial cells and xenograft endometriosis.

Methods
In vivo, effect of FLT on endometriosis was evaluated in a xenogeneic mice model. In vitro, cell viability assay was performed with an IC50 measurement of FLT in hEM15A and HEC1-B cells. The effect of FLT on invasion and metastasis was analyzed in scratch wound and transwell assay. Gene and protein expression of MMP/TIMP signaling were detected by qPCR and Western blotting.

Results
In xenograft endometriosis, FLT reduced ectopic volume without effect on weight. FLT inhibitory effects on cell growth exhibited a dose-dependent manner in hEM15A and HEC1-B cells. IC50s of FLT in hEM15A cells were 839.30 ± 121.11 or 483.53 ±156.91 μg·ml−1 after the treatment for 24 or 48 h, respectively. In HEC1-B cells, IC50 values of 24 or 48 h were 625.20 ± 59.52 or 250.30 ± 68.12 μg·ml−1. In addition, FLT significantly inhibited invasion and metastasis in scratch wound and transwell assay. Furthermore, FLT inactivated MMP/TIMP signaling with decreasing expression of MMP-2/9, and an enhancing expression of TIMP-1.

Conclusions
MMP/TIMP inactivation is a reasonable explanation for the inhibition of FLT on invasion and metastasis in endometriosis. This result reveals a potential mechanism on the role of FLT in endometriosis and may benefit for its further application.
Amino Acids Composition of Some Wild Edible Mushrooms from Southern Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: On Juliet Oluwatominiyi , Bassey Glory Akpan , Agba Mary-Ibenreh Ogaboh , Markson Aniedi-Abasi Akpan 
Published: June 2021

Aims: To document the amino acid content of six wild edible mushrooms - Lentinus squarrosulus Mont., Auricularia auricular-judae (Bull.) Wettst., Mycetinis copelandii (Desjardin) A.W. Wilson & Desjardin, Baeospora myosura (Fr.) Singer, Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex. fr) Kummer and Volvariella volvacea (Bull. ex. Fr.) Singer - found in southern Cross River State, Nigeria.
Place and duration of study: Department of Plant and Ecological Studies, University of Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria, between May 2018 and August 2018.
Methodology: The amino acids content of these mushrooms were quantitatively estimated. The samples were obtained and analyzed for amino acids on dry weight basis using standard methods.
Results: The amino acid analysis quantitatively estimated the alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, cystine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, Isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, norleucine, phenylalanine, proline, serine; threonine; tryptophan; tyrosine and valine component of the mushroom samples. All the mushrooms studied contained nine essential, five conditionally essential and four non-essential amino acids with glutamic acid as the most predominant (values ranging from 6.66 to 17.26g/100g protein). Cysteine (0.30-0.48g/100g protein) and methionine (0.64-1-1.7g/100g protein) were the lowest in concentration. The concentrations of five of these essential amino acids phenylalanine (3.55 mg/100g protein), valine (3.62 mg/100g protein), threonine (3.39 mg/100g protein), tryptophan (1.58 mg/100g protein), and lysine (3.23 mg/100g protein) in P. ostreatus were significantly (P≤0.05) higher than found in the other mushrooms. For the nonessential and conditionally essential amino acids, the concentrations of arginine (6.02 mg/100g protein), aspartic acid (6.88 mg/100g protein), cysteine (0.48 mg/100g protein), glutamine (17.26 mg/100g protein) and glycine (2.61 mg/100g protein) in P. ostreatus were significantly higher (P≤0.05) than found in the other mushrooms.
Conclusion: This information reveals that mushrooms are potential sources of quality protein with substantial proportion of essential amino acids indicating they can play a significant role in the fight against malnutrition.
Modification of Portable Power Tiller for Small Scale Weeding Operation
Authors: Zakariyah A. , El–Okene A. M. , Mohammed U. S. , Oji N. , Abubakar I. , Agunsoye J. K. , Ahmad K. 
Published: June 2021

Weeds are unwanted and undesirable plant that interfere with the utilization of land and water resources and adversely affect crop production. After preliminary study, it was found out that power tiller could be adopted for weeding. Therefore, the study aimed at improving its performance through modification of some major component such as: weeding blades and depth gauge. Three sets of pairs of blade gang of four, six and eight were made from 3 mm mild steel sheet metal. The fabrication was carried out at the Department of Agricultural and Bio-Resources Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. The modified machine was evaluated based on weeding efficiency, field capacity, Plant Damage and Fuel consumption in the maize field during 2017/2018 irrigation season at Institute for Agricultural Research, IAR, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria research farm. Four levels of blade types ‘B’ and three levels of weeding depth ‘D’ were considered. The field was laid in a 4×3 Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) at two (2) Weeks After Sowing (2WAS). DMRT was used for mean separation ran in SAS package. The results showed effects of blade types and weeding depth were significant on the weeding performance of the machine.
Digital Television/Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcasting (DTMB)
Authors: Song Jian , Zhang Chao , Pan Changyong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article introduces the Digital Television Terrestrial Broadcasting (DTTB) system and its evolution. The DTTB is a very important part of the Chinese TV broadcasting system. It works together with a digital satellite TV broadcasting system, a digital cable TV broadcasting system, and other related systems to provide TV services to consumers. Digital Television/Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcasting (DTMB and its evolution system, DTMB‐A) is the key part of the Chinese TV broadcasting network. In China, two‐thirds of TV subscribers rely on terrestrial broadcasting. In emergencies, such as natural disasters, compared with cable and satellite, the terrestrial TV broadcasting network is the first component to be recovered.
The main common technical feature of DTMB and DTMB‐A is the use of specially designed PN sequences on the guard intervals for channel synchronization and estimation. The PN sequences provide robust system synchronization and fast channel estimation in DTMB and DTMB‐A. At the same time, when the PN sequences are used as the training sequence of timing domain equalizer, they can provide the full performance of decision feedback equalizers. The absence of pilots (unlike other OFDM systems) provides a better spectral efficiency.
In the following sections, we introduce DTMB and DTMB‐A, respectively.
Ultrasensitive Terahertz Nano‐Probing for Semiconductors Using Nanogap Structures
Authors: Bahk Young‐Mi , Seo Minah 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
There has been a growing interest in exploring novel opto‐electrical behaviors and response of carriers under nonequilibrium conditions in semiconductor nanoscale materials for applications of photocurrent and operation of photodetectors. Terahertz waves have shown substantial promise for these applications, with the merit of direct observation of transient carrier dynamics and conductivity changes in semiconductor materials. Especially, to investigate surface carrier dynamics of such nanoscale semiconductor materials under photoexcitation, one can use nanosized materials such as nanofilms, nanowires, and nanoparticles, which have a very large surface‐to‐volume ratio. In this article, we introduce ultrafast phenomena in semiconductors investigated by terahertz probes. In particular, recent studies on how to observe carrier dynamics in a semiconductor with a spatial resolution of nanoscale levels below the diffraction limit of terahertz wave, using well‐tailored metallic nanogap structures are mainly introduced. Metallic nanostructures having the ability to confine electromagnetic waves in a volume much smaller than wavelength play an important role in many application areas such as subwavelength waveguides, metamaterials, biochemical sensing, and photovoltaic technology. Strong local electromagnetic field confinement and enhancement accompanied by metallic nanostructures including nanogaps and nanotips have been widely used to manipulate interaction between electromagnetic waves and target materials. In addition to their diverse applications, their fundamental importance has received a great deal of attention in nano‐optics and nano‐photonics. The tunability of resonances by the geometrical effect of metal nanostructures can be exploited to increase the interaction efficiency between the nanostructures and electromagnetic waves at specific wavelength regions of interest.
Two‐Dimensional Materials for Renewable Energy Devices
Authors: Gnanasekar Paulraj , Kulandaivel Jeganathan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Two‐dimensional (2D) materials have attained widespread research interest in renewable energy generation and storage applications. The 2D materials hold the potential to overcome limitations in the classic renewable energy harvesting technology and are expected to revolutionize the standard materials with magnificent performance and low production cost in the future era of renewable energy. In this article, we review certain novel 2D materials for renewable energy devices with a special focus on electrochemical‐based hydrogen generation approaches as green, clean, and zero‐carbon fuels. Besides, the article covers the atmospheric CO
2
reduction approach for the synthesis of hydrocarbon fuels and conversion of H
2
into ammonia through N
2
reduction using 2D material–based photo/electrocatalytic pathways.
Reintroduction of oxcarbazepine after allergic reaction in two pediatric patients with epilepsy
Authors: Yu Lingyan , Wang Zhiliang , Yu Zhenwei , Feng Jianhua , Dai Haibin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAllergic reactions are common reasons for withdrawal of oxcarbazepine treatment in patients with epilepsy. However, some patients are not responsive to other antiseizure medications. Herein, two pediatric patients with epilepsy and allergic to oxcarbazepine to whom oxcarbazepine therapy was successfully reintroduced are described. The reintroduction strategy used in this study was simple, feasible, and suitable for the reintroduction of oxcarbazepine in pediatric patients with epilepsy.
RBFOX2/GOLIM4 Splicing Axis Activates Vesicular Transport Pathway to Promote Nasopharyngeal Carcinogenesis
Authors: Luo Chun‐Ling , Xu Xiao‐Chen , Liu Chu‐Jun , He Shuai , Chen Jie‐Rong , Feng Yan‐Chun , Liu Shu‐Qiang , Peng Wan , Zhou Ya‐Qing , Liu Yu‐Xiang , Wei Pan‐Pan , Li Bo , Mai Hai‐Qiang , Xia Xiao‐Jun , Bei Jin‐Xin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract20–30% of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) develop distant metastasis or recurrence leading to poor survival, of which the underlying key molecular events have yet to be addressed. Here alternative splicing events in 85 NPC samples are profiled using transcriptome analysis and it is revealed that the long isoform of GOLIM4 (‐L) with exon‐7 is highly expressed in NPC and associated with poor prognosis. Lines of evidence demonstrate the pro‐tumorigenic function of GOLIM4‐L in NPC cells. It is further revealed that RBFOX2 binds to a GGAA motif in exon‐7 and promotes its inclusion forming GOLIM4‐L. RBFOX2 knockdown suppresses the tumorigenesis of NPC cells, phenocopying GOLIM4‐L knockdown, which is significantly rescued by GOLIM4‐L overexpression. High expression of RBFOX2 is correlated with the exon‐7 inclusion of GOLIM4 in NPC biopsies and associated with worse prognosis. It is observed that RBFOX2 and GOLIM4 can influence vesicle‐mediated transport through maintaining the organization of Golgi apparatus. Finally, it is revealed that RAB26 interacts with GOLIM4 and mediates its tumorigenic potentials in NPC cells. Taken together, the findings provide insights into how alternative splicing contributes to NPC development, by highlighting a functional link between GOLIM4‐L and its splicing regulator RBFOX2 activating vesicle‐mediated transport involving RAB26.
Combined Metabolic Activators Accelerates Recovery in Mild‐to‐Moderate COVID‐19
Authors: Altay Ozlem , Arif Muhammad , Li Xiangyu , Yang Hong , Aydın Mehtap , Alkurt Gizem , Kim Woonghee , Akyol Dogukan , Zhang Cheng , Dinler‐Doganay Gizem , Turkez Hasan , Shoaie Saeed , Nielsen Jens , Borén Jan , Olmuscelik Oktay , Doganay Levent , Uhlén Mathias , Mardinoglu Adil 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCOVID‐19 is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic abnormalities, including the deficiencies in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and glutathione metabolism. Here it is investigated if administration of a mixture of combined metabolic activators (CMAs) consisting of glutathione and NAD+ precursors can restore metabolic function and thus aid the recovery of COVID‐19 patients. CMAs include l‐serine, N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine, nicotinamide riboside, and l‐carnitine tartrate, salt form of l‐carnitine. Placebo‐controlled, open‐label phase 2 study and double‐blinded phase 3 clinical trials are conducted to investigate the time of symptom‐free recovery on ambulatory patients using CMAs. The results of both studies show that the time to complete recovery is significantly shorter in the CMA group (6.6 vs 9.3 d) in phase 2 and (5.7 vs 9.2 d) in phase 3 trials compared to placebo group. A comprehensive analysis of the plasma metabolome and proteome reveals major metabolic changes. Plasma levels of proteins and metabolites associated with inflammation and antioxidant metabolism are significantly improved in patients treated with CMAs as compared to placebo. The results show that treating patients infected with COVID‐19 with CMAs lead to a more rapid symptom‐free recovery, suggesting a role for such a therapeutic regime in the treatment of infections leading to respiratory problems.
PWWP2B Fine‐Tunes Adipose Thermogenesis by Stabilizing HDACs in a NuRD Subcomplex
Authors: Yan Linyu , Jin Weiwei , Zhao Qingwen , Cui Xuan , Shi Ting , Xu Yingjiang , Li Feiyan , Jin Wenfang , Zhang Zhe , Zhang Zhao , Tang Qi‐Qun , Pan Dongning 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHistone deacetylases (HDACs) are widely involved in many biological processes, as well as in control of brown and beige adipose physiology, but the precise molecular mechanisms by which HDACs are assembled into transcriptional machinery to fine‐tune thermogenic program remain ill‐defined. PWWP domain containing 2b (PWWP2B), which is identified as a component of the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylation complex (NuRD), interacts and stabilizes HDAC1/2 at the thermogenic gene promoters to suppress their expression. Ablation of Pwwp2b promotes adipocyte thermogenesis and ameliorates diet‐induced obesity in vivo. Intriguingly, Pwwp2b is not only a brown fat‐enriched gene but also dramatically induced by cold and sympathetic stimulation, which may serve as a physiological brake to avoid over‐activation of thermogenesis in brown and beige fat cells.