bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional illiteracy and developmental dyslexia: looking for common roots. A systematic review
Authors: Vágvölgyi Réka , Bergström Kirstin , Bulajić Aleksandar , Klatte Maria , Fernandes Tânia , Grosche Michael , Huettig Falk , Rüsseler Jascha , Lachmann Thomas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA considerable amount of the population inmore economically developed countriesare functionally illiterate (i.e., low literate). Despite some years of schooling and basic reading skills, these individuals cannot properly read and write and, as a consequence have problems to understand even short texts. An often-discussed approach (Greenberg et al. 1997) assumes weak phonological processing skills coupled with untreated developmental dyslexia as possible causes of functional illiteracy. Although there is some data suggesting commonalities between low literacy and developmental dyslexia, it is still not clear, whether these reflect shared consequences (i.e., cognitive and behavioral profile) or shared causes. The present systematic review aims at exploring the similarities and differences identified in empirical studies investigating both functional illiterate and developmental dyslexic samples. Nine electronic databases were searched in order to identify all quantitative studies published in English or German. Although a broad search strategy and few limitations were applied, only 5 studies have been identified adequate from the resulting 9269 references. The results point to the lack of studies directly comparing functional illiterate with developmental dyslexic samples. Moreover, a huge variance has been identified between the studies in how they approached the concept of functional illiteracy, particularly when it came to critical categories such the applied definition, terminology, criteria for inclusion in the sample, research focus, and outcome measures. The available data highlight the need for more direct comparisons in order to understand what extent functional illiteracy and dyslexia share common characteristics.
An Existence Theory for Gravity–Capillary Solitary Water Waves
Authors: Groves M. D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the applied mathematics literature solitary gravity–capillary water waves are modelled by approximating the standard governing equations for water waves by a Korteweg-de Vries equation (for strong surface tension) or a nonlinear Schrödinger equation (for weak surface tension). These formal arguments have been justified by sophisticated techniques such as spatial dynamics and centre-manifold reduction methods on the one hand and variational methods on the other. This article presents a complete, self-contained account of an alternative, simpler approach in which one works directly with the Zakharov–Craig–Sulem formulation of the water-wave problem and uses only rudimentary fixed-point arguments and Fourier analysis.
Deep neural network and model-based clustering technique for forensic electronic mail author attribution
Authors: Apoorva K. A. , Sangeetha S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractElectronic mail is the primary source of different cyber scams. Identifying the author of electronic mail is essential. It forms significant documentary evidence in the field of digital forensics. This paper presents a model for email author identification (or) attribution by utilizing deep neural networks and model-based clustering techniques. It is perceived that stylometry features in the authorship identification have gained a lot of importance as it enhances the author attribution task's accuracy. The experiments were performed on a publicly available benchmark Enron dataset, considering many authors. The proposed model achieves an accuracy of 94% on five authors, 90% on ten authors, 86% on 25 authors and 75% on the entire dataset for the Deep Neural Network technique, which is a good measure of accuracy on a highly imbalanced data. The second cluster-based technique yielded an excellent 86% accuracy on the entire dataset, considering the authors' number based on their contribution to the aggregate data.
A novel QoE based cross-layer scheduling scheme for video applications in 802.11 wireless LANs
Authors: Srinivasa Rao D. , Berlin Hency V. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the past two decades, 802.11 based Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) have gained popularity in offering Internet services and increasingly supporting data driven video streaming applications. Such services demand enhanced view quality to all the end-users in the network. However, due to the sharing of limited resources and lack of proper scheduling mechanisms, WLANs are unable to meet the requirements of numerous video users and provide them better quality. Therefore, an effective resource scheduling approach is needed that can achieve high user satisfaction for the ever changing user needs for quality video viewing. In this paper, a Quality of Experience based Cross-Layer Scheduling (QoECLS) scheme to enhance the user experience for video applications in WLANs is proposed. Here, the Mean Opinion Score has been used as a measure to evaluate the user experience. In order to provide the average user throughput with guarantee of fairness among users, the QoECLS scheme uses cross-layer information from the application and physical layer, respectively. The QoECLS algorithm allocates transmission resources by considering application feedback along with channel state information and buffer status. The performance of the QoECLS approach was extensively studied through simulations and the results showed an improvement in user experience and throughput, while maintaining fairness among the users. In terms of throughput, the proposed scheme achieves 25%, 45 %, and 50% improvement compared to QoE Aware Scheduling scheme, Modified-Largest Weighted Delay First scheduler and Exponential-Proportional Fair scheduler, respectively.
Assessment of an electrical coolant pump on a heavy-duty diesel engine
Authors: Kiesenhofer Markus 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHybridization of the drive train in commercial vehicles is a key solution toward meeting the strict future requirements to reduce carbon dioxide emissions within the European Union. In order to decrease fleet consumption a large number of different hybrid systems are already available in series in the passenger car sector. Due to the cheap and powerful 48 volt hybrid components and the lower hazard potential compared to high voltage, future commercial vehicles could also benefit from the 48V technology and contribute to lower fleet fuel consumption. Therefore, a complete 48V mild hybrid system was built on the diesel engine test bench as part of a research project. This paper highlights the utilization of a powerful 48V-motor to propel the coolant pump on a diesel engine of the 13-L commercial vehicle class. Three different drive variants of the coolant pump were implemented and measured on the diesel engine test bench. MATLAB®/Simulink®-simulations were conducted to assess the possible fuel savings in three different driving cycles. This paper provides a summary and interpretation of the measurement and simulation results. The simulation studies predict a decrease of fuel consumption of up to 0.94%. Furthermore, the additional advantages of electrified coolant pumps based on 48V are discussed.
Pt nanoparticles supported on nitrogen-doped porous carbon as efficient oxygen reduction catalysts synthesized via a simple alcohol reduction method
Authors: Tachibana Naoki , Yukawa Yasuyuki , Morikawa Kazuo , Kawaguchi Masahiro , Shimanoe Kengo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Pt nanoparticles supported on nitrogen-doped porous carbon (NPC) were investigated as both a highly active catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and a suitable porous support structure. Pt/NPC catalysts with loadings of 8.8–35.4 wt.% were prepared via a simple alcohol reduction method and exhibited homogeneously dispersed Pt nanoparticles with a small mean size ranging from 1.90 to 2.99 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement suggested the presence of strong interactions between the Pt nanoparticles and NPC support. 27.4% Pt/NPC demonstrated high catalytic activity for the ORR in a rotating disk electrode system and was also effectively applied to a gas diffusion electrode (GDE). A GDE fabricated using the Pt/NPC with a fine pore network exhibited excellent performance, especially at high current densities. Specific activity of Pt/NPC and Pt/carbon black catalysts for the ORR correlated with the peak potential of adsorbed OH reduction on Pt, which was dependent on the particle size and support.

Graphic abstract
Selectivity index and separation efficiency prediction in industrial magnetic separation process using a hybrid neural genetic algorithm
Authors: Paledi Usef , Allahkarami Ebrahim , Rezai Bahram , Aslani Mohammad Reza 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIt is essential to know the process efficiency in the industrial magnetic separation process under different operating conditions because it is required to control the process parameters to optimize the process efficiency. To our knowledge, there is no information about using artificial intelligence for modeling the magnetic separation process. Hence, finding a robust and more accurate estimation method for predicting the separation efficiency and selectivity index is still necessary. In this regard, a feed-forward neural network was developed to predict the separation efficiency and selectivity index. This model was trained to present a predictive model based on the percentage of iron, iron oxide and sulfur in mill feed and cobber feed, 80% passing size in mill feed and cobber feed and plant capacity. Therefore, this work aims to develop an intelligent technique based on an artificial neural network and a hybrid neural-genetic algorithm for modeling the concentration process. Results indicated that the values of mean square error and coefficient of determination for the testing phase were obtained 0.635 and 0.86 for selectivity index and of 4.646 and 0.84 for separation efficiency, respectively. In order to improve the performance of neural network, genetic algorithm was used to optimize the weights and biases of neural network. The results of modeling with GA-ANN technique indicated that the mean square error and coefficient of determination for the testing phase were achieved by 0.276 and 0.95 for selectivity index and of 1.782 and 0.92 for separation efficiency, respectively. The other statistical criteria for the GA-ANN model were better than those of the ANN model.
The potential of sweet potato biorefinery and development of alternative uses
Authors: Rizzolo Joana Antunez , Woiciechowski Adenise Lorenci , Júnior Antonio Irineudo Magalhães , Torres Luis Alberto Zevallos , Soccol Carlos Ricardo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe bioethanol production from the sweet potato variety BRS Cuia using three different strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (LPB1-93, ATCC-26602, and CA-11) was carried out in this research. Comparative analyses of consumed sugar, ethanol yield, and productivity (in tons per hectare) increased along with the concentration of cells in the inoculum. Additionally, to verify the aromatic quality of a potential sweet potato distilled spirit, volatile organic compounds were analyzed. The results showed a yield of over 90% ethanol. It was observed that the sugar consumption and ethanol production rates can be increased with a higher initial concentration of cells. This resulted in higher concentrations of ethanol in shorter times. From 100 g of the sweet potato variety BRS Cuia, the highest concentration of ethanol obtained was 25.74 g L−1 using the LPB1-93 strain. The estimated bioethanol production is about 10,000 L ha−1, with two sweet potatoes crops in a year. The ethanol production from the sweet potato variety BRS Cuia is viable, representing a sustainable alternative to fuel bioethanol, as well as an alcoholic beverage due to the volatile organic compounds present in the distilled fraction.
Sparse quantum Gaussian processes to counter the curse of dimensionality
Authors: Kuś Gaweł I. , van der Zwaag Sybrand , Bessa Miguel A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGaussian processes are well-established Bayesian machine learning algorithms with significant merits, despite a strong limitation: lack of scalability. Clever solutions address this issue by inducing sparsity through low-rank approximations, often based on the Nystrom method. Here, we propose a different method to achieve better scalability and higher accuracy using quantum computing, outperforming classical Bayesian neural networks for large datasets significantly. Unlike other approaches to quantum machine learning, the computationally expensive linear algebra operations are not just replaced with their quantum counterparts. Instead, we start from a recent study that proposed a quantum circuit for implementing quantum Gaussian processes and then we use quantum phase estimation to induce a low-rank approximation analogous to that in classical sparse Gaussian processes. We provide evidence through numerical tests, mathematical error bound estimation, and complexity analysis that the method can address the “curse of dimensionality,” where each additional input parameter no longer leads to an exponential growth of the computational cost. This is also demonstrated by applying the algorithm in a practical setting and using it in the data-driven design of a recently proposed metamaterial. The algorithm, however, requires significant quantum computing hardware improvements before quantum advantage can be achieved.
Quality and Authenticity of Metformin Tablets Circulating on Japanese Websites
Authors: Zhu Shu , Yoshida Naoko , Tsuboi Hirohito , Matsushita Ryo , Kimura Kazuko 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Low-quality medicines and falsified medicines represent long-standing problems in developing countries. In Southeast Asia, the circulation of low-quality diabetes drugs (metformin) has been confirmed. It is possible that low-quality metformin has entered Japan via personal import through the Internet. This study evaluated the pharmaceutical quality and authenticity of metformin tablets obtained via the Internet in Japan.

Methods
In total, 33 samples of 500-mg metformin tablets and 7 samples of extended-release/sustained-release tablets (500, 750, and 1,000 mg) were purchased via personal import in January 2017. Confirmation of a prescription was never requested purchase. The obtained samples were subjected to visual observations and authenticity investigations. Additionally, quantitative analysis, content uniformity and dissolution tests were performed using HPLC–PDA.

Results
Our authenticity investigations revealed that seven samples were genuine products, whereas the authenticity of the remaining 33 samples was unclear. Referring to United States Pharmacopeia 2014 for validation, four samples failed quality testing, five samples failed content uniformity testing, and two samples failed dissolution testing.

Conclusions
Our findings illustrate that metformin tablets of poor-quantity and unregistered/unlicensed doses are available online and that it is important to increase consumer awareness about the presence of these medicines on the Internet to prevent the purchase of substandard medicines.
Advancing UK Regulatory Science Strategy in the Context of Global Regulation: a Stakeholder Survey
Authors: Cruz Rivera Samantha , Torlinska Barbara , Marston Eliot , Denniston Alastair K. , Oliver Kathy , Hoare Steve , Calvert Melanie J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
The UK’s transition from the European Union creates both an urgent need and key opportunity for the UK and its global collaborators to consider new approaches to the regulation of emerging technologies, underpinned by regulatory science. This survey aimed to identify the most accurate definition of regulatory science, to define strategic areas of the regulation of healthcare innovation which can be informed through regulatory science and to explore the training and infrastructure needed to advance UK and international regulatory science.

Methods
A survey was distributed to UK healthcare professionals, academics, patients, health technology assessment agencies, ethicists and trade associations, as well as international regulators, pharmaceutical companies and small or medium enterprises which have expertise in regulatory science and in developing or applying regulation in healthcare. Subsequently, a descriptive quantitative analyses of survey results and directed thematic analysis of free-text comments were applied.

Results
Priority areas for UK regulatory science identified by 145 participants included the following: flexibility: the capability of regulations to adapt to novel products and target patient outcomes; co-development: collaboration across sectors, e.g. patients, manufacturers, regulators, and educators working together to develop appropriate training for novel product deployment; responsiveness: the preparation of frameworks which enable timely innovation required by emerging events; speed: the rate at which new products can reach the market; reimbursement: developing effective tools to track and evaluate outcomes for “pay for performance” products; and education and professional development.

Conclusions
The UK has a time-critical opportunity to establish its national and international strategy for regulatory science leadership by harnessing broader academic input, developing strategic cross-sector collaborations, incorporating patients’ experiences and perspectives, and investing in a skilled workforce.
Correlation of Flexor Pollicis Longus Tendon Status by Ultrasonography with Plate Position on Radiographs Following Volar Plate Fixation of Distal Radius Fractures with Pronator Quadratus Repair
Authors: Bhat Anil. K. , Acharya Ashwath. M. , Mane Prajwal P. , Karegowda Lakshmikanth. H. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Purpose was to correlate flexor pollicis longus tendon (FPL) attrition using Ultrasonography with plate position on radiographs following volar locked compression plate fixation (LCP) in patients who have undergone pronator quadratus (PQ) repair for distal radius fractures.

Methods
Status of flexor pollicis longus tendon was analyzed by ultrasonography in patients who underwent volar locked compression plating with pronator quadratus repair at a minimum of one year follow up. Soong’s criteria was used to assess the plate position and then correlated the ultrasonography findings of flexor pollicis longus.

Results
There were 33 patients included in our study, of which 15 belonged to Soong’s grade zero, 10 were grade one and eight were grade two. Flexor pollicis longus attrition was noted in all cases with grade two plating.

Conclusion
Pronator quadratus repair may not prevent attritional changes in higher grades of Soong’s, hence follow up may be required in these patients to identify attritional changes and early implant removal to prevent complications.
Nosocomial transmission of a blaVIM-2 carbapenemase integron between isolates of two different Pseudomonas species
Authors: Büchler Andrea C. , Wüthrich Daniel , Wicki Jauslin Melanie , Egli Adrian , Widmer Andreas F. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe report the first documented in-hospital patient-to-patient-transmission of a blaVIM-2 integron between isolates of Pseudomonas alcaligenes and P. aeruginosa. Molecular typing looking only for difference within species may fail to detect nosocomial transmission of resistance genes.
Challenges to the infection control team during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in a quaternary-care medical center in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Amer Hala A. , Alowidah Ibrahim A. , Bugtai Chasteffi , Soule Barbara M. , Memish Ziad A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground:King Saud Medical City (KSMC) is a quaternary care center based in the center of the capital city, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), and it is one of the key Ministry of Health (MoH) facilities dedicated to the care of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in the central region.Methods:A comprehensive surge plan was promptly launched in mid-March 2020 to address the pandemic, and it expanded in a phase-wise approach. Supporting the capacity of the infection prevention and control department (IPCD) was a main pillar of the surge plan. Task force infection control teams were formed to tackle the different aspects of pandemic containment processes. The challenges and measures undertaken by the IPC team are described here.Conclusion:Infection prevention and control staff are frontline responders in public health emergencies like COVID-19, and a solid infection prevention and control system in the healthcare setting supported by qualified and sufficient manpower, a well-developed multidisciplinary team approach, electronic infrastructure, and efficient supply utilization are required for effective crisis management.
CHARACTERISTIC POLYNOMIALS OF SIMPLE ORDINARY ABELIAN VARIETIES OVER FINITE FIELDS
Authors: JONES LENNY 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe provide an easy method for the construction of characteristic polynomials of simple ordinary abelian varieties

${{\mathcal A}}$
of dimension g over a finite field

${{\mathbb F}}_q$
, when

$q\ge 4$
and

$2g=\rho ^{b-1}(\rho -1)$
, for some prime

$\rho \ge 5$
with

$b\ge 1$
. Moreover, we show that

${{\mathcal A}}$
is absolutely simple if

$b=1$
and g is prime, but

${{\mathcal A}}$
is not absolutely simple for any prime

$\rho \ge 5$
with

$b>1$
.
VISUALIZING GERMANNESS THROUGH COSTUMES IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY
Authors: CROFTS FREDERICK G. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTExamining the understudied collection of costume images from Heidelberg Calvinist, lawyer, and church councillor Marcus zum Lamm's (1544–1606) ‘treasury’ of images, theThesaurus Picturarum, this article intervenes in the historiography on sixteenth-century German national imaginaries, emphasizing the import of costume books and manuscript alba for national self-fashioning. By bringing late sixteenth-century ethnographic costume image collections into scholarly discourse on the variegated ways of conceiving and visualizing Germany and Germanness over the century, this article sheds new light on a complex narrative of continuity and change in the history of German nationhood and identity. Using zum Lamm's images as a case-study, this article stresses the importance of incorporating costume image collections into a nexus of patriotic genres, including works of topographical-historical, natural philosophical, ethnographic, cartographic, cosmographic, and genealogical interest. Furthermore, it calls for historians working on sixteenth-century costume books and alba to look deeper into the meanings of such images and collections in the specific contexts of their production; networks of knowledge and material exchange; and – in the German context – the political landscape of territorialization, confessionalization, and dynastic ambition in the Holy Roman Empire between the Peace of Augsburg and the Thirty Years War (1555–1618).