bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of the number of people in an indoor environment based onWiFi received signal strength indicator
Authors: Zaidan Hakam Marwan , Mohammed Emad Ahmed , Alhelal Dheyaa Hussein 
Published: May 2021

WiFi access points are widely spread everywhere in all our daily life routines. Using these devices to provide services other than the Internet is becoming familiar nowadays.This paper conducts an experimental study to estimate the number of people in an indoor environment through two system setups, line of sight, and non-line of sight. Relationship modeling between WiFi received signal and the number of people uses polynomial regression. The experiment comprised of two stages: first is the data collection from a controlled number of people. Then, the collected data used to train the system through polynomial regression. The second is testing the system’s effectiveness by applying it to an uncontrolled environment. Testing results revealed efficiency in using WiFi received signal strength to do the people counting (up to 60) because of the accuracy achievements of 93.17% in the line of sight system. The non-line of sight system disclosed randomness in the received signal strength indicator regardless of the change in the number of people. The randomness is mainly caused by the fading effect of the concrete wall. Therefore it is inefficient to use the non-line of sight system in concrete buildings.
Long Noncoding RNA Cardiac Physiological Hypertrophy–Associated Regulator Induces Cardiac Physiological Hypertrophy and Promotes Functional Recovery After Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Gao Rongrong , Wang Lijun , Bei Yihua , Wu Xiaodong , Wang Jiaqi , Zhou Qiulian , Tao Lichan , Das Saumya , Li Xinli , Xiao Junjie 
Published: May 2021

Background:
The benefits of exercise training in the cardiovascular system have been well accepted; however, the underlying mechanism remains to be explored. Here, we report the initial functional characterization of an exercise-induced cardiac physiological hypertrophy–associated novel long noncoding RNA (lncRNA).

Methods:
Using lncRNA microarray profiling, we identified lncRNAs in contributing the modulation of exercise-induced cardiac growth that we termed cardiac physiological hypertrophy–associated regulator (CPhar). Mice with adeno-associated virus serotype 9 driving CPhar overexpression and knockdown were used in in vivo experiments. Swim training was used to induce physiological cardiac hypertrophy in mice, and ischemia reperfusion injury surgery was conducted to investigate the protective effects of CPhar in mice. To investigate the mechanisms of CPhar’s function, we performed various analyses including quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, histology, cardiac function (by echocardiography), functional rescue experiments, mass spectrometry, in vitro RNA transcription, RNA pulldown, RNA immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, luciferase reporter assay, and coimmunoprecipitation assays.

Results:
We screened the lncRNAs in contributing the modulation of exercise-induced cardiac growth through lncRNA microarray profiling and found that CPhar was increased with exercise and was necessary for exercise-induced physiological cardiac growth. The gain and loss of function of CPhar regulated the expression of proliferation markers, hypertrophy, and apoptosis in cultured neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes. Overexpression of CPhar prevented myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury and cardiac dysfunction in vivo. We identified DDX17 (DEAD-Box Helicase 17) as a binding partner of CPhar in regulating CPhar downstream factor ATF7 (activating transcription factor 7) by sequestering C/EBPβ (CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta).

Conclusions:
Our study of this lncRNA CPhar provides new insights into the regulation of exercise-induced cardiac physiological growth, demonstrating the cardioprotective role of CPhar in the heart, and expanding our mechanistic understanding of lncRNA function, as well.
Combined Omic Analyzes of Cerebral Thrombi: A New Molecular Approach to Identify Cardioembolic Stroke Origin
Authors: Suissa Laurent , Guigonis Jean-Marie , Graslin Fanny , Robinet-Borgomano Emmanuelle , Chau Yves , Sedat Jacques , Lindenthal Sabine , Pourcher Thierry 
Published: May 2021

Background and Purpose:
The diagnosis of cardioembolic stroke can be challenging for patient management in secondary stroke prevention, particularly in the case of covert paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. The molecular composition of a cerebral thrombus is related to its origin. Therefore, proteomic and metabolomic analyses of the retrieved thrombotic material should allow the identification of biomarkers or signatures to improve the etiological diagnosis of stroke.

Methods:
In this pilot study, the proteome and metabolome of cerebral thrombi from atherothrombotic and cardioembolic stroke patients were studied according to ASCOD phenotyping (A: atherosclerosis; S: small-vessel disease; C: cardiac pathology; O: other causes; D: dissection), with the highest causality grade, from the ThrombiOMIC cohort (consecutive patients with stroke recanalized by mechanical thrombectomy in an acute phase). Proteomic and metabolomic results were used separately or combined, and the obtained omic signatures were compared with classical cardioembolic stroke predictors using pairwise comparisons of the area under receiver operating characteristics.

Results:
Among 59 patients of the ThrombiOMIC cohort, 34 patients with stroke showed a cardioembolic phenotype and 7 had an atherothrombotic phenotype. Two thousand four hundred fifty-six proteins and 5019 molecular features of the cerebral thrombi were identified using untargeted proteomic and metabolomic approaches, respectively. Area under receiver operating characteristics to predict the cardioembolic origin of stroke were calculated using the proteomic results (0.945 [95% CI, 0.871–1]), the metabolomic results (0.836 [95% CI, 0.714–0.958]), and combined signatures (0.996 [95% CI, 0.984–1]). The diagnostic performance of the combined signatures was significantly higher than that of classical predictors such as the plasmatic BNP (B-type natriuretic peptide) level (area under receiver operating characteristics, 0.803 [95% CI, 0.629–0.976]).

Conclusions:
The combined proteomic and metabolomic analyses of retrieved cerebral thrombi is a very promising molecular approach to predict the cardioembolic cause of stroke and to improve secondary stroke prevention strategies.
An Ounce of Prevention—A Pound of Cure? The Reagan Administration's Nonproliferation Policy and the Osirak Raid
Authors: Pulcini Giordana , Rabinowitz Or 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Israeli raid in June 1981 against the Osirak nuclear reactor in Iraq has been extensively analyzed by scholars, especially in the context of debate about the efficacy of preemptive strikes against hostile nuclear programs. Yet surprisingly, some important historical questions have been left unanswered: how did the raid affect the Reagan administration’s nuclear nonproliferation policy, and how was the raid perceived by relevant administration officials? How did the United States design its political strategy of response to the raid, and how did this strategy play out at the International Atomic Energy Agency? What does this episode tell us about Ronald Reagan’s foreign policy priorities? By exploring recently declassified documents from several archives around the world, this article addresses all of these questions and, in the process, debunks revisionist myths relating to the raid.
The Neural Blending of Words and Movement: Event-Related Potential Signatures of Semantic and Action Processes during Motor–Language Coupling
Authors: Cervetto Sabrina , Díaz-Rivera Mariano , Petroni Agustín , Birba Agustina , Caro Miguel Martorell , Sedeño Lucas , Ibáñez Agustín , García Adolfo M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Behavioral embodied research shows that words evoking limb-specific meanings can affect responses performed with the corresponding body part. However, no study has explored this phenomenon's neural dynamics under implicit processing conditions, let alone by disentangling its conceptual and motoric stages. Here, we examined whether the blending of hand actions and manual action verbs, relative to nonmanual action verbs and nonaction verbs, modulates electrophysiological markers of semantic integration (N400) and motor-related cortical potentials during a lexical decision task. Relative to both other categories, manual action verbs involved reduced posterior N400 amplitude and greater modulations of frontal motor-related cortical potentials. Such effects overlapped in a window of ∼380–440 msec after word presentation and ∼180 msec before response execution, revealing the possible time span in which both semantic and action-related stages reach maximal convergence. These results allow refining current models of motor–language coupling while affording new insights on embodied dynamics at large.
Monitoring of Self-Paced Action Timing and Sensory Outcomes After Lesions to the Orbitofrontal Cortex
Authors: Solbakk Anne-Kristin , Lubell James , Leske Sabine , Funderud Ingrid , Llorens Anaïs , Blenkmann Alejandro O. , Foldal Maja Dyhre , Meling Torstein R. , Knight Robert T. , Endestad Tor 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Anticipation, monitoring, and evaluation of the outcome of one's actions are at the core of proactive control. Individuals with lesions to OFC often demonstrate behaviors that indicate a lack of recognition or concern for the negative effects of their actions. Altered action timing has also been reported in these patients. We investigated the role of OFC in predicting and monitoring the sensory outcomes of self-paced actions. We studied patients with focal OFC lesions (n = 15) and healthy controls (n = 20) while they produced actions that infrequently evoked unexpected outcomes. Participants performed a self-paced, random generation task where they repeatedly pressed right and left buttons that were associated with specific sensory outcomes: a 1- and 2-kHz tone, respectively. Occasional unexpected action outcomes occurred (mismatch) that inverted the learned button–tone association (match). We analyzed ERPs to the expected and unexpected outcomes as well as action timing. Neither group showed post-mismatch slowing of button presses, but OFC patients had a higher number of fast button presses, indicating that they were inferior to controls at producing regularly timed actions. Mismatch trials elicited enhanced N2b-P3a responses across groups as indicated by the significant main effect of task condition. Planned within-group analyses showed, however, that patients did not have a significant condition effect, suggesting that the result of the omnibus analysis was driven primarily by the controls. Altogether, our findings indicate that monitoring of action timing and the sensory outcomes of self-paced actions as indexed by ERPs is impacted by OFC damage.
Bay of Bengal Intraseasonal Oscillations and the 2018 Monsoon Onset
Authors: Shroyer Emily , Tandon Amit , Sengupta Debasis , Fernando Harindra J. S. , Lucas Andrew J. , Farrar J. Thomas , Chattopadhyay Rajib , de Szoeke Simon , Flatau Maria , Rydbeck Adam , Wijesekera Hemantha , McPhaden Michael , Seo Hyodae , Subramanian Aneesh , Venkatesan R , Joseph Jossia , Ramsundaram S. , Gordon Arnold L. , Bohman Shannon M. , Pérez Jaynise , Simoes-Sousa Iury T. , Jayne Steven R. , Todd Robert E. , Bhat G. S. , Lankhorst Matthias , Schlosser Tamara , Adams Katherine , Jinadasa S. U. P , Mathur Manikandan , Mohapatra M. , Rama Rao E. Pattabhi , Sahai A. K. , Sharma Rashmi , Lee Craig , Rainville Luc , Cherian Deepak , Cullen Kerstin , Centurioni Luca R. , Hormann Verena , MacKinnon Jennifer , Send Uwe , Anutaliya Arachaporn , Waterhouse Amy , Black Garrett S. , Dehart Jeremy A. , Woods Kaitlyn M. , Creegan Edward , Levy Gad , Kantha Lakshmi H. , Subrahmanyam Bulusu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn the Bay of Bengal, the warm, dry boreal spring concludes with the onset of the summer monsoon and accompanying southwesterly winds, heavy rains, and variable air–sea fluxes. Here, we summarize the 2018 monsoon onset using observations collected through the multinational Monsoon Intraseasonal Oscillations in the Bay of Bengal (MISO-BoB) program between the United States, India, and Sri Lanka. MISO-BoB aims to improve understanding of monsoon intraseasonal variability, and the 2018 field effort captured the coupled air–sea response during a transition from active-to-break conditions in the central BoB. The active phase of the ∼20-day research cruise was characterized by warm sea surface temperature (SST > 30°C), cold atmospheric outflows with intermittent heavy rainfall, and increasing winds (from 2 to 15 m s−1). Accumulated rainfall exceeded 200 mm with 90% of precipitation occurring during the first week. The following break period was both dry and clear, with persistent 10–12 m s−1 wind and evaporation of 0.2 mm h−1. The evolving environmental state included a deepening ocean mixed layer (from ∼20 to 50 m), cooling SST (by ∼1°C), and warming/drying of the lower to midtroposphere. Local atmospheric development was consistent with phasing of the large-scale intraseasonal oscillation. The upper ocean stores significant heat in the BoB, enough to maintain SST above 29°C despite cooling by surface fluxes and ocean mixing. Comparison with reanalysis indicates biases in air–sea fluxes, which may be related to overly cool prescribed SST. Resolution of such biases offers a path toward improved forecasting of transition periods in the monsoon.
Changes in the Relationship between Spring Precipitation in Southern China and Tropical Pacific–South Indian Ocean SST
Authors: Jia XiaoJing , Zhang Chao , Wu Renguang , Qian QiFeng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe present study explores the changed relationship between the interannual variations in spring (April–May) precipitation over southern China (SPSC) and sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the tropical Pacific and south Indian Oceans during the 1960–2017 period. Observational analysis shows that the relation between SPSC and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) was significant before the mid-1980s (P1) and after the early 2000s (P3) but insignificant in between, from the mid-1980s to the early 2000s (P2). In P2, positive anomalous SPSC was significantly correlated with negative anomalous SST in the south Indian Ocean. During this period, an anomalous anticyclone and intensified southwesterly winds tended to appear over tropical India accompanied by a negative anomalous south Indian Ocean SST, which caused anomalous low-level convergence over the western Pacific. As a result, the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) tended to weaken and retreat eastward. This resulted in anomalous moisture convergence in southern China, favoring enhanced SPSC. Further analysis shows that the negative south Indian Ocean SST anomalies tended to induce anomalous cross-equatorial vertical circulation where the south Indian Ocean and southern China are controlled by descending and ascending airflow. The ascending motion may also contribute to positive anomalous SPSC. The observed contribution of the south Indian Ocean SST anomalies to the SPSC variation is confirmed by numerical experiments using an atmospheric model. The intensified variance of SST in the south Indian Ocean and the eastward shift of the ENSO-related circulation anomalies over the western tropical Pacific may partly account for the changes in the SST–SPSC relationship.
Elevated procalcitonin concentrations in severe Covid-19 may not reflect bacterial co-infection
Authors: Heer Randeep S , Mandal Amit KJ , Kho Jason , Szawarski Piotr , Csabi Peter , Grenshaw Dawn , Walker Ian AL , Missouris Constantinos G 
Published: May 2021

Background The variability of Covid-19 severity between patients has driven efforts to identify prognosticating laboratory markers that could aid clinical decision-making. Procalcitonin is classically used as a diagnostic marker in bacterial infections, but its role in predicting Covid-19 disease severity is emerging. We aimed to identify the association between procalcitonin and Covid-19 disease severity in a critical care setting and whether bacterial co-infection is implicated. Methods We retrospectively reviewed Covid-19 patients with procalcitonin concentrations measured in a critical care setting at our institution between February and September 2020. Laboratory markers including peak procalcitonin values and a range of bacterial culture results were analysed. Outcomes were the requirement and duration of invasive mechanical ventilation as well as inpatient mortality. Results In total, 60 patients were included; 68% required invasive mechanical ventilation and 45% died as inpatient. Univariate analysis identified higher peak procalcitonin concentrations significantly associated with both the requirement for invasive mechanical ventilation (OR: 3.2, 95% CI 1.3–9.0, P = 0.02) and inpatient mortality (OR: 2.6, 95% CI 1.1–6.6, P = 0.03). Higher peak procalcitonin concentrations was an independent predictor of mortality on multivariate analysis (OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.1–12.4, P = 0.03). There was a significant positive correlation between increased peak procalcitonin concentrations and duration on invasive mechanical ventilation. No significant difference was found between peak procalcitonin concentrations of patients with positive and negative bacterial cultures. Conclusions Elevated procalcitonin concentrations in Covid-19 patients are associated with respiratory failure requiring prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation and inpatient mortality. This association may be independent of bacterial co-infection.
Window operation behaviour and indoor air quality during lockdown: A monitoring-based simulation-assisted study in London
Authors: Tahmasebi Farhang , Wang Yan , Cooper Elizabeth , Godoy Shimizu Daniel , Stamp Samuel , Mumovic Dejan 
Published: May 2021

The Covid-19 outbreak has resulted in new patterns of home occupancy, the implications of which for indoor air quality (IAQ) and energy use are not well-known. In this context, the present study investigates 8 flats in London to uncover if during a lockdown, (a) IAQ in the monitored flats deteriorated, (b) the patterns of window operation by occupants changed, and (c) more effective ventilation patterns could enhance IAQ without significant increases in heating energy demand. To this end, one-year’s worth of monitored data on indoor and outdoor environment along with occupant use of windows has been used to analyse the impact of lockdown on IAQ and infer probabilistic models of window operation behaviour. Moreover, using on-site CO2 data, monitored occupancy and operation of windows, the team has calibrated a thermal performance model of one of the flats to investigate the implications of alternative ventilation strategies. The results suggest that despite the extended occupancy during lockdown, occupants relied less on natural ventilation, which led to an increase of median CO2 concentration by up to 300 ppm. However, simple natural ventilation patterns or use of mechanical ventilation with heat recovery proves to be very effective to maintain acceptable IAQ. Practical application: This study provides evidence on the deterioration of indoor air quality resulting from homeworking during imposed lockdowns. It also tests and recommends specific ventilation strategies to maintain acceptable indoor air quality at home despite the extended occupancy hours.
Rivaroxaban for the prevention of venous thromboembolism after radiofrequency ablation of saphenous veins concomitant with miniphlebectomy, sclerotherapy, or no treatment of varicose tributaries
Authors: Murzina Elena , Lobastov Kirill , Laberko Leonid , Dvornikov Anton , Popov Ivan 
Published: May 2021

Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of once-daily 10 mg rivaroxaban for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis after ClosureFast radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of saphenous veins. Method The medical records of patients, who had a Caprini score of ≥3, underwent RFA, received prophylactic rivaroxaban for five days, and completed follow up at one month were reviewed for efficacy (a combination of endovenous heat-induced thrombosis [EHIT] grade of 2–4, any symptomatic or asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis [DVT], and symptomatic pulmonary embolism [PE]) and safety (a combination of major and clinically relevant non-major [CRNM] bleeding) outcomes. Results The results of RFA for 248 great saphenous and 24 small saphenous veins with the concomitant miniphlebectomy (63.8%) and sclerotherapy (16.5%) were analyzed. The primary efficacy outcome occurred in 5 of 218 (2.3%; 95%CI, 1.0–5.3%) patients: three EHITs and two symptomatic DVTs. The CRNM bleeding was reported in two patients (0.9%; 95% CI, 0.2–3.3%). No difference was observed in comparison with 79 similar patients who received 40 mg of subcutaneous enoxaparin during the same time period. Conclusion Once-daily 10 mg rivaroxaban is suitable for VTE prophylaxis after RFA of saphenous veins.
Relationship between serum vitamin D3 concentration and anaemia in patients with chronic kidney disease in China
Authors: Li Meng , Xu Jun , Wan Qin , He Qiang , Ma Yan , Tang Ying-Qian , Peng Hong-Ying 
Published: May 2021

Objective In the present study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between serum vitamin D3 concentration and anaemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in China, to assist understanding of the effects of vitamin D treatment in such patients. Methods A total of 225 patients with CKD were enrolled and a range of laboratory parameters were measured. The participants were allocated to three groups, according to their serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 concentration: a severe deficiency group, a deficiency group, and a sufficiency group. The prevalences of anaemia in the three groups were assessed, and the factors associated with anaemia in patients with CKD were analysed using logistic regression. Results The prevalences of anaemia were 79.5% in the severe deficiency group, 63.5% in the deficiency group, and 48.0% in the sufficiency group. The prevalence of anaemia gradually increased with the severity of vitamin D3 deficiency. The prevalences of anaemia in participants with stages 1 to 5 CKD were 21.1%, 30.4%, 39.5%, 78.7%, and 94.6%, respectively. Conclusion Vitamin D3 deficiency may increase the risk of anaemia in patients with CKD.