bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perspectives of osteoarthritis prevention and therapy personification based on the analysis of comorbid background, genetic polymorphisms and microelement status
Authors: Torshin I. Yu. , Lila A. M. , Naumov A. V. , Sardaryan I. S. , Bogacheva T. E. , Grishina T. R. , Gogoleva I. V. , Limanova O. A. , Gromova O. A. 
Published: April 2021

Objective: analysis of the osteoarthritis (OA) comorbidity taking into account the microelement status and genetic polymorphisms of the examined patients, determination of the prospects for the OA prevention and therapy.Material and methods. A cross-sectional study of a multiethnic cohort (n=655, mean age 43±14 years, 95% CI 29–70) formed on the basis of the Institute of Microelements database, was carried out. For all participants, the content of the 62 elements of the Element Periodic Table profile in hair was identified and variants of 120 nucleotide polymorphisms associated with various pathologies were definedResults. The study found that 18 of the 27 ICD-10 diagnoses examined were comorbid with OA. Osteoarthritis was comorbid with pathologies with a pronounced component of inflammation (ulcerative colitis, atherosclerosis, unspecified encephalopathy, obesity, diabetes mellitus, essential (primary) hypertension, urine calculus, acute myocardial infarction, cholelithiasis, etc.). The core of OA comorbidity was established, which included following pathologies: chronic cerebral ischemia, diabetes mellitus, thrombophlebitis, atherosclerosis, cholelithiasis. Seven profiles of the most frequent combinations of these diagnoses were identified. The presence of 2 out of 5 of these pathologies was recorded in 92% of patients with OA (n=50) and only in 2% of control patients (n=600), which corresponded to an extreme increase in the risk of OA (OR 56.3, 95% CI 17.4–181.6, p<10–20). Analysis of the 62 elements profile of the Element Periodic Table content in hair showed that reduced levels of silicon, molybdenum, vanadium and calcium are significantly associated with OA. As a result of studying data on 120 nucleotide polymorphisms, OA was significantly associated with the LPL Ser447Stop CC, LPL N291S AA, NOS3 E298D GG, and MTHFR 677 CC genotypes, which regulate lipid metabolism and inflammation.Conclusion. Based on the obtained results the prospects for the use of chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine sulfate in patients with an increased risk of OA development are shown.
MAARİF MÜFETTİŞİ MUSTAFA ZİHNİ’NİN 11 MART 1331/24 MART 1915 TARİHLİ TEFTİŞ RAPORU BAĞLAMINDA CANİK SANCAĞI'NDA EĞİTİM-ÖĞRETİM
Authors: YILDIZ Hasan 
Published: April 2021

Yönetimin temel fonksiyonlarından biri olan teftiş, her zaman ve her zeminde yerine getirilmesi gereken mühim bir faaliyettir. Osmanlıda Tanzimat’la birlikte devlet kurumlarının daha iyi hizmet verebilmesini sağlamak amacıyla kurulan teftiş birimlerinden en önemlisi maarifin teftişine ilişkin olanıdır. Başta Müslüman ahali olmak üzere imparatorluk coğrafyasının dört bir yanına dağılmış farklı ırk, din ve mezhebe mensup toplulukların eğitim gördüğü mekteplerin tamamının teftişi, güç olduğu kadar devletin bekası adına da ihmal edilemez bir görevdir.
Bu çalışma, Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nın devam ettiği süreçte, Maarif Müfettişi Mustafa Zihni tarafından Canik Sancağına bağlı Çarşamba, Terme, Ünye ve Fatsa kaza merkezlerinde gerçekleştirilmiş olan denetimler sonucunda tanzim edilen teftiş raporunu konu edinmektedir. Bahse konu teftiş raporu, mezkur kaza merkezlerinin ilkokul düzeyindeki eğitim-öğretim durumunu ortaya koyarken aynı zamanda dönemin teftiş yaklaşımına dair çıkarımlarda bulunulmasına da katkı sağlamaktadır.
Produksi Rumput Laut (Gracilaria verrucosa) Berdasarkan Perbedaan Jarak Tanam dan Bobot Bibit di Tambak Desa Tlogosadang, Kecamatan Paciran, Kabupaten Lamongan
Authors: Norma Aprilia Fanni  , Agung Pamuji Rahayu  , Endah Sih Prihatini  
Published: April 2021

This study aims to determine the highest production of planting Gracilaria verrucosa wich is cultivated in the ponds of Tlogosadang Village, Paciran Sub-District, Lamongan District by treating different spacings and initial seed weights. The cultivation method used was longline with a distance of 25 cm between longlines. The treatments were given in the form of spacings of 10 cm, 20 cm, and 30 cm, while the treatments of seed weights were 50 g, 100 g, and 150 g. Treatments were carried out in a pond measuring 20x5 m with a water depth between 90-102 cm depending on the tides. Sampling was conducted every 7 days for 50 days of maintenance by weighed, controlled, and measurement water quality. Before planting seaweed, pond preparation were carried out which included drying, liming, fertilizing to filling the water. This study used a Completely Randomized Factorial (CRF) Design consisted of two factors, namely spacing and seed weight, each with three levels. Data analysis used One-Way ANOVA showed that the treatment of spacing and seed weight gave a very significant difference (P <0.01), so it was continued with the Orthogonal Polynomial Test to see trends. The test results showed that the highest seaweed production was found at a spacing of 20 cm and a seed weight of 50 g, namely 2423.7 g/m. The water quality as a support for the growth of seaweed measured during the study showed that the waters ware classified as good and suitable for the cultivation of Gracilaria verrucosa seaweed.

Keywords: Gracilaria verrucosa, longline, seaweed, seed weight, spacing
Jeopardy classroom instruction: Fostering students’ motivation to learn English vocabulary
Authors: Kusumaningrum Widya Ratna , Binarti Endang 
Published: April 2021

The issue, dealing with gamification to foster learners’ motivation and vocabulary in learning English, has been investigated recently. It is perceived that gamification will directly affect the teaching-learning process and determine the learning ambiance. This study aims to shed light on the extent of the employment of Jeopardy Classroom Instruction to foster EFL learners’ motivation to learn English vocabulary. The study deployed an action research method with three phases of pre-cycle, cycle 1, and cycle 2. Pre-cycle was to document the initial classroom condition before using Jeopardy Classroom Instruction, while cycle 1 and cycle 2 were for knowing the teaching-learning process situation during the use of Jeopardy Classroom Instruction. The participants were junior high school students. The data were collected through observation, closed-ended questionnaire, and students’ score. The results suggested that Jeopardy Classroom Instruction is an adjunct to aid students’ motivation to learn vocabulary. It helped students to acquire self-belief, learning focus, the value of learning, study management, planning and monitoring and persistence. Also, it mitigated some motivation guzzlers such as learning anxiety, low control, failure avoidance and self-sabotage that might hinder them from learning vocabulary.
HIGHLIGHTS:

Jeopardy Classroom Instruction helped students to acquire self-belief, learning focus, the value of learning, study management, planning and monitoring and persistence.
It mitigated some motivation guzzlers such as learning anxiety, low control, failure avoidance and self- sabotage that might hinder them from learning vocabulary.
Prevotella Copri Increases Fat Accumulation in Pigs Fed by Formula Diets
Authors: Chen Congying , Fang Shaoming , Wei Hong , He Maozhang , Fu Hao , Xiong Xinwei , Zhou Yunyan , Wu Jinyuan , Gao Jun , Yang Hui , Huang Lusheng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Excessive fat accumulation of pigs is undesirable, as it severely affects economic returns in the modern pig industry. Studies in humans and mice have examined the role of the gut microbiome in host energy metabolism. Commercial Duroc pigs are often fed formula diets with high energy and protein contents. Whether and how the gut microbiome under this type of diet regulates swine fat accumulation is largely unknown.Results: In the present study, we systematically investigated the correlation of gut microbiome with pig lean meat percentage (LMP) in 698 commercial Duroc pigs and found that P. copri was significantly associated with pig fat accumulation. Fat pigs had significantly higher abundance of P. copri in the gut. High abundance of P. copri was correlated with increased concentrations of serum metabolites related to chronic inflammation, e.g., lipopolysaccharides, branched chain amino acids, aromatic amino acids, and the metabolites of arachidonic acid. Host intestinal barrier permeability and chronic inflammation response were increased. A gavage experiment using germ-free mice confirmed that the P. copri isolated from experimental pigs was a causal species increasing host fat accumulation and altering serum metabolites. Colon, adipose tissue, and muscle transcriptomes in gavage mice indicated that P. copri colonization activated host chronic inflammatory responses through the TLR4 and mTOR signaling pathways and significantly upregulated the expression of the genes related to lipogenesis and fat accumulation, but attenuated the genes associated with lipolysis, lipid transport, and muscle growth.Conclusions: Taken together, the results identified and confirmed that P. copri in the gut microbial communities of pigs fed by commercial formula diets results in significantly increased host fat deposition. We propose a possible mechanism of P. copri affecting fat accumulation. The results provide fundamental knowledge for reducing pig fat accumulation through regulating the gut microbial composition.
A new species of Balansia (Clavicipitaceae) associated with a cyperaceous plant in Brazil
Authors: Guterres Debora , Ramos-Sobrinho Roberto , Pinho Danilo B. , Assunção Iraildes P. , Lima Gaus S.A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Fungal species belonging to the genus Balansia (Clavicipitaceae) are well known as endophytic and epibiotic species commonly found on grasses or sedges. Among the 36 species of Balansia described worldwide, ten have been reported in Brazil. While most species of balansoid fungi were described on graminaceous plants, only four were characterized on cyperaceous hosts. To correctly identify the species of balansoid fungi associated with Scleria bracteata (Cyperaceae), specimens were collected in the state of Alagoas, Brazil, in 2014 and 2016. Nucleotide partial sequences of the second-largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2), translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1), 18S subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU), 28S subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU), and internal transcribed spacers (ITS) were obtained from each balansoid specimen. Based on morphology and molecular data, the specimens were identified as a putative new species of Balansia, herein referred to as Balansia scleriae sp. nov.
Virucidal activity of the antiseptic mouthwash and dental gel containing anionic phthalocyanine derivative: in vitro study
Authors: Santos Caique Andrade , Orcina Bernardo da Fonseca , Reia Verônica Brito , Ribeiro Lucas Gabriel , Grotto Rejane Maria Tommasini , Prudenciatti Aruã Mastrangelo , de Moraes Leonardo Nazario , Zangrando Mariana Schutzer Ragghianti , Vilhena Fabiano Vieira , Santos Paulo Sérgio da Silva 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Aim: This research suggested an in vitro virucidal action of a dental gel and a mouthwash with phthalocyanine derivative.Purpose: The aim of this study was to report an in vitro study evaluating the virucidal capacity of mouthwash and dental gel containing anionic phtalocyanine derivate (APD).Methods: The research followed the recommendations of the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) and adapted methodology, described in the standards EN14776: 2015; ASTM E1053-11 and the Robert Koch Institute - RKI, in addition to Good Laboratory Practices (GLP). The determination of the percentage of inactivation of the SARS-CoV-2 virus particles was carried out by imposing the viral solution in contact with the respective tested products, with intervals of 30 seconds, 1 and 5 minutes, with subsequent submission of the aliquots, recovered in cell culture microplates following virus titration using the TCID50 (50% Median Tissue Culture Infectious Dose).Results: The Mouthwash APD presented 90% of viral inactivation percentage while the dental gel APD demonstrated 99.99% of viral inactivation.Conclusion: In vitro analyzes showed that mouthwash and dental gel APD can reduce the viability of SARS-CoV-2 virus particles.
Change of Hospitalization Status Among Patients With End-Stage Kidney Disease Before and After Receiving Chronic Hemodialysis
Authors: Li Hsiu-Lan , Tai Pei-Hui , Hwang Yi-Ting , Lin Shih-Wei , Lan Li-Ching 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background:Compared with other diseases, end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) carries a greater risk of comorbidities including diabetes and anemia and has a higher hospital admission rate. The cause of hospital admission appears to be a common factor affecting the prognosis of patients with ESKD. Therefore, this study conducted a retrospective cohort analysis on all patients diagnosed with ESKD and receiving hemodialysis, investigating whether the type of their diagnosis for hospital admission changed before and after they started hemodialysis.Methods:This study recruited 592 patients with ESKD who received hemodialysis at any period between January 2005 and November 2017 and had been assigned the International Classification of Diseases Ninth Revision Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) code for ESKD. The patients’ demographic data and hospitalization status one year before and two years after they received hemodialysis were analyzed. A McNemar test was conducted to analyze the diagnostic changes from before to after hemodialysis in patients with ESKD.Results:The study’s sample of patients with ESKD comprised more women (51.86%) than men and had an average age of 67.15 years. The numbers of patients admitted to hospital for the following conditions all decreased significantly after they received hemodialysis: type 2 (non-insulin-dependent and adult-onset) diabetes; native atherosclerosis; urinary tract infection; gastric ulcer without mention of hemorrhage, perforation, or obstruction; pneumonia; reflux esophagitis; duodenal ulcer without mention of hemorrhage, perforation, or obstruction; and bacteremia. Most patients exhibited one or more of the following comorbidities: diabetes (n = 407, 68.75%), hypertension (n = 491, 82.94%), congestive heart failure (n = 161, 27.20%), ischemic heart disease (n = 125, 21.11%), cerebrovascular accident (n = 93, 15.71%), and gout (n = 96, 16.22%). An analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that changes in the ICD-9-CM codes for native atherosclerosis, urinary tract infection, pneumonia, and hyperkalemia were associated with age. Patients who developed pneumonia before or after they received hemodialysis tended to be older (range: 69–70 years old). Conclusions:This study investigated the causes of hospital admission among patients with ESKD one year before and two years after they received hemodialysis. This study results revealed hypertension to be the most common comorbidity. Regarding cause of admission, pneumonia was more prevalent in older than in younger patients. Moreover, changes in the ICD-9-CM codes of native atherosclerosis, urinary tract infection, pneumonia, and hyperkalemia were significantly correlated with age. Therefore, when administering comprehensive nursing care and treatment for ESKD, clinicians should not focus only on comorbidities but also consider factors (e.g., age) that can affect patient prognosis.
Characterisation of Tuberculosis Mortality in Informal Settlements in Nairobi, Kenya: Analysis of Data Between 2002 and 2016
Authors: Gichuki Judy , Mategula Donnie 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the key public health problems in Africa. Due to multifaceted challenges, its burden is poorly described in informal settlements. We describe tuberculosis mortality in informal settlements of Nairobi, Kenya. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of 2002-2016 verbal autopsy data from the Nairobi Urban Health Demographic Surveillance System (NUHDSS). A descriptive analysis of deaths assigned as caused by TB was done. Pearson chi-square tests were used to determine differences between background characteristics. Logistic regression was carried out to examine the risk of death from TB within the background characteristics.Results: There were 6,218 deaths in the NUHDSS within the period of analysis, of which 930 (14.96 %) were deaths from TB. There was a downward trend of TB deaths while the average number of TB deaths per year was 62(SD 23.9). Males had 1.39 higher odds of dying from TB than females (AOR 1.39; 95% CI 1.18-1.64; p-value <0.001). Compared to those aged 30-39 years, the ≥50-year-olds had a 42 % lower chance of dying from TB (AOR 0.57; 95% CI 0.47-0.73; p-value <0.001). Those dying at home had 1.39 odds of dying from TB as compared to those who died in a health facility(AOR 1.93; 95% CI 1.17-1.64; p value<0.001).Conclusion: There was a reduction in TB deaths over the study period. Males had the highest risk of death. There is a need to strengthen TB surveillance and access to TB diagnosis and treatment within informal settlements to enhance early diagnosis and treatment.
The zombification and reanimation of purple urchins (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) in response to food availability
Authors: Dolinar Dillon , Edwards Mathew 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
To survive periods of starvation, organisms can reduce their metabolism and/or decrease energy allocation to reproduction. This is especially important for coastal rocky reefs where widespread kelp deforestation has become increasingly common in recent decades. This deforestation often results in the formation of urchin barrens that have high densities of herbivorous sea urchins and little macroalgae for them to consume. While it is clear that these barrens can persist for years to decades, it is unclear how the urchins within them survive such prolonged periods without regular access to macroalgae. Here, we show that urchin metabolism and gonad mass both decrease significantly when the urchins are starved, and that these urchins regain normal metabolic activity and gonad masses when access to food is restored. However, if urchins occur in barren areas that receive drift algae from nearby kelp forests, it appears they can maintain normal metabolic activity and gonad mass. Together, our results provide experimental evidence that reducing metabolism may be a primary strategy for avoiding starvation in urchins occurring within barrens. Our results can be especially important to researchers looking to restore kelp forests and to urchin fishers who seek to harvest these urchins for their gonads but currently cannot because their gonads are of poor quality. Additionally, this has important implications for consumers in other ecosystems where access to energetic resources is spatially or temporally variable and can point to new avenues of research to explain how organisms adjust their energetic needs to survive extended periods of starvation.
Factors Affecting Self-Care Among Hypertensive Older Adults Dwelling in the Community: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Jung Soo Youn , Moon Kyoung Ja 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Hypertension is a prevalent health problem in older adults, with better outcomes expected through proper self-care. However, little is known about the effects of cognitive function level on self-care in older adults living in the community. Methods: This cross-sectional study, conducted from October 2019 to January 2020, analyzed the effect of cognitive function on self-care in elderly individuals aged > 65 years with hypertension who visited a local general hospital for the treatment of hypertension. The Korean versions of the Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-K) were used to assess cognitive function. The Hypertension Self-Care Behavior Scale (HBP-SC Behavior Scale) was used to analyze the subjects’ self-care, which was divided into diet behavior and health behavior (except diet). The general characteristics and degrees of self-care of the subjects were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the factors affecting self-care. Results: Factors influencing HBP-SC diet behavior scores were religion (β =.27, SE = 0.69, p =.007) and MoCA-K scores (β =.31, SE = 0.08, p = .002). HBP-SC health behavior (except diet) scores were associated with comorbidities (β = −.20, SE = 0.60, p = .032), and the power of the model was 20%. However, there were no variables that significantly affected the total HBP-SC score, which included the diet behavior and health behavior (except diet) scores. Conclusions: Although there was no significant factor influencing the total HBP-SC score, religion, MoCA-K scores, and comorbidities were factors influencing diet behavior and health behavior (except diet). Therefore, tailored education takes into account religion, MoCA-K domains, and comorbidities is necessary to promote self-care in hypertensive older adults.
A novel nomogram based on cardia and chemotherapy to predict postoperative overall survival of gastric cancer patients
Authors: Mo Hanjun , Li Pengfei , Jiang Sunfang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: We aimed to establish and externally validate a nomogram to predict the 3- and 5-year overall survival (OS) of gastric cancer (GC) patients after surgical resection and explored the roles of cardia and chemotherapy.Methods: A total of 6543 patients diagnosed with primary GC during 2004-2016 were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. We grouped patients diagnosed during 2004-2012 into a training set (n=4528) and those diagnosed during 2013-2016 into an external validation set (n=2015). A nomogram was constructed after univariate and multivariate analysis. Performance was evaluated by Harrell’s C-index, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), decision curve analysis (DCA), and calibration plot.Results: The multivariate analysis identified age, race, location, tumor size, T stage, N stage, M stage, and chemotherapy as independent prognostic factors. In multivariate analysis, the hazard ratio (HR) of non-cardia was 0.762 (P<0.001), and that of chemotherapy was 0.556 (P<0.001). Our nomogram was found to exhibit excellent discrimination: in the training set, Harrell’s C-index was superior to that of the 8th American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM classification (0.736 vs 0.699, P<0.001); the C-index was also better in the validation set (0.748 vs 0.707, P<0.001). The AUCs for 3- and 5-year OS were 0.806 and 0.815 in the training set and 0.775 and 0.783 in the validation set, respectively. The DCA and calibration plot of the model also shows good performance.Conclusions: We established a well-designed nomogram to accurately predict the OS of primary GC patients after surgical resection. We also further confirmed the prognostic value of cardia and chemotherapy in predicting the survival rate of GC patients.