bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protocol driven periprocedural anticoagulation for left atrial ablation
Authors: Bradley Christopher J. , Williamson Brian D. , George Julie , Haines David E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionA weight‐based heparin dosing policy adjusted for preprocedural oral anticoagulation was implemented to reduce the likelihood of subtherapeutic dosing during left atrial catheter ablation procedures. We hypothesized that initiation of the protocol would result in a greater prevalence of therapeutic activated clotting time (ACT) values and decreased time to therapeutic ACT during left atrial ablation procedures.MethodsA departmental protocol was initiated for which subjects received intravenous unfractionated heparin (UFH) to achieve and maintain a goal of ACT >300 s. Initial bolus dose was adjusted for pre‐procedure oral anticoagulation and weight as follows: 50 units/kg for those receiving warfarin, 75 units/kg for those not anticoagulated, and 120 units/kg for those on direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). A UFH infusion was initiated at 10% of the bolus per hour. One hundred consecutive left atrial ablation procedures treated with Protocol Guided heparin dosing were compared with a retrospective consecutive cohort of Usual Care heparin dosing.ResultsWhen the Usual Care and Protocol Guided cohorts were compared, significant findings were limited to those on pre‐procedure DOAC. The initial UFH bolus increased from 99.3 ± 24.8 to 118.2 ± 22.8 units/kg (p < .001), the proportion of therapeutic ACT on the first draw after heparin administration increased from 57.7% to 76.6% (p = .010), and the time to therapeutic ACT after UFH administration decreased from 37.8 ± 19.8 to 30.2 ± 16.4 min (p = .032).ConclusionA weight‐based protocol for periprocedural UFH administration resulted in a higher proportion of therapeutic ACT values and decreased the time to therapeutic ACT for those on pre‐procedure DOAC.
Entrapment of diagnostic catheter within Advisor HD grid mapping catheter
Authors: Mar Philip L. , Chong Luke , Perez Arturo , Lakkireddy Dhanunjaya , Gopinathannair Rakesh 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe potential for catheter entanglement with the HD Grid mapping catheter is explicitly stated in the manufacturer's product manual. A case of an entrapped 6 French quadripolar diagnostic catheter within an HD Grid mapping catheter is presented. We discuss the diagnosis, management, and resolution of this complication in our patient. The patient's arrhythmia was successfully eliminated, and no vascular complication in the postprocedural setting nor arrhythmia recurrence at follow‐up were observed. Strategies to prevent and safely manage this complication, while salvaging access, are also discussed.
An increased burden of rare exonic variants in NRXN1 microdeletion carriers is likely to enhance the penetrance for autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Cameli Cinzia , Viggiano Marta , Rochat Magali J. , Maresca Alessandra , Caporali Leonardo , Fiorini Claudio , Palombo Flavia , Magini Pamela , Duardo Renée C. , Ceroni Fabiola , Scaduto Maria C. , Posar Annio , Seri Marco , Carelli Valerio , Visconti Paola , Bacchelli Elena , Maestrini Elena 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by a complex polygenic background, but with the unique feature of a subset of cases (~15%‐30%) presenting a rare large‐effect variant. However, clinical interpretation in these cases is often complicated by incomplete penetrance, variable expressivity and different neurodevelopmental trajectories. NRXN1 intragenic deletions represent the prototype of such ASD‐associated susceptibility variants. From chromosomal microarrays analysis of 104 ASD individuals, we identified an inherited NRXN1 deletion in a trio family. We carried out whole‐exome sequencing and deep sequencing of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in this family, to evaluate the burden of rare variants which may contribute to the phenotypic outcome in NRXN1 deletion carriers. We identified an increased burden of exonic rare variants in the ASD child compared to the unaffected NRXN1 deletion‐transmitting mother, which remains significant if we restrict the analysis to potentially deleterious rare variants only (P = 6.07 × 10−5). We also detected significant interaction enrichment among genes with damaging variants in the proband, suggesting that additional rare variants in interacting genes collectively contribute to cross the liability threshold for ASD. Finally, the proband's mtDNA presented five low‐level heteroplasmic mtDNA variants that were absent in the mother, and two maternally inherited variants with increased heteroplasmic load. This study underlines the importance of a comprehensive assessment of the genomic background in carriers of large‐effect variants, as penetrance modulation by additional interacting rare variants to might represent a widespread mechanism in neurodevelopmental disorders.
Impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on periodontal practice: A questionnaire survey
Authors: Rocha‐Gomes Gabriela , Flecha Olga D. , Miranda Tamires S. , Duarte Poliana M. , Shaddox Luciana M. , Galvão Endi L. , Gonçalves Patricia F. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimThis cross‐sectional study sought to investigate the factors possibly related to the impact caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in the practice of periodontists, in two countries.Materials and methodsA total of 254 periodontists with active periodontics licensing in Brazil and the United States participated in the survey. Data were collected through an online questionnaire and the dependent variable was the perceived impact of the pandemic on periodontists' practice routines. Odds ratios were assessed by logistic regression analysis.ResultsPeriodontists in private practice were 83% less likely to report a significant impact of the pandemic on their clinical routine as compared with professionals who work in the public sector or in academic institutions (CI 95%: 0.05–0.47). The financial impact of the pandemic was significantly associated with a perceived severe impact of the pandemic on their routines (OR: 1.36; CI 95%: 1.16–1.61). Professionals who have enhanced their hand‐washing routine were more likely to report a significant impact of the pandemic by 3.41 times (CI 95%: 1.28–9.04) relative to those who have not altered their hand‐washing protocols.ConclusionThe pandemic is associated with a negative impact on the practice of periodontists, especially those working in public sectors and academic institutions.
A patient presentation: Planning and executing a difficult case in a full digital workflow
Authors: Poggio Carlo E. , Bonfiglioli Roberto , Dosoli Riccardo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveIn patients requiring extensive tooth replacement, including a change of VDO and/or a new orientation of the occlusal plane, a fully digital workflow still tends to be considered too much complex to be planned and performed. This clinical report describes a full mouth rehabilitation performed with a full digital approach.Clinical considerationsIn a 50‐year‐old man with several missing teeth in the upper and lower arch, extensive decay on multiple teeth, severe attrition of the anterior teeth, treatment of the upper and lower arches was performed with dental implants, crowns and veneers. All prosthodontic therapy was realized with full monolithic ceramic materials (zirconia and lithium disilicate). The combination of digital information and monolithic materials enabled the clinician, the dental laboratory technician and the patient, to communicate effectively during treatment planning and to use the combination of digital workflow and monolithic materials to simplify the steps of treatment of a difficult case.ConclusionsThe combination of full digital workflow with full monolithic restorations in a full mouth rehabilitation allows a simplification of every clinical and lab step in a typically complex treatment.
Implementing a Rapid, Two‐Step Delirium Screening Protocol in Acute Care: Barriers and Facilitators
Authors: Husser Erica K. , Fick Donna M. , Boltz Marie , Shrestha Priyanka , Siuta Jonathan , Malloy Shannon , Overstreet Abigail , Leslie Douglas L. , Ngo Long , Jung Yoojin , Inouye Sharon K. , Marcantonio Edward R. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESAn effective and efficient protocol for delirium identification is needed to improve health outcomes for older adults and reduce healthcare costs. This study describes the barriers and facilitators related to the implementation of the ultra‐brief confusion assessment method (UB‐CAM), a rapid two‐step delirium identification protocol (ultra‐brief screen, followed by CAM in positives), field tested with hospitalized older adults (70+).DESIGNA qualitative descriptive design using observational data collection and brief semi‐structured interviews.SETTINGSAn urban academic medical center and a community teaching hospital.PARTICIPANTSParticipants included 50 physician hospitalists, 189 registered nurses, and 83 nursing assistants (NAs).MEASUREMENTSField researchers guided by a modified multi‐level implementation framework, collected observational data as participants administered the UB‐CAM (n = 767). Thematic analysis was conducted on five observational categories: structural, organizational, patient, clinician, and innovation. Field notes and brief semi‐structured interviews (n = 231) with clinicians, explored the utility, acceptability, and feasibility of the protocol, and supplemented the observations.RESULTSThe UB‐CAM was generally positively received by all three clinician types. Six themes describe barriers and/or facilitators to implementing the UB‐CAM: (1) physical setting and milieu; (2) practice environment; (3) integrating into role; (4) adaptive techniques; (5) patient responses; and (6) systematic assessment. The composition and interaction of the six themes determined if the theme was expressed as a barrier or facilitator, affirming the importance of context when implementing system‐level delirium screening.CONCLUSIONThis is one of the first studies to test a two‐step process for delirium identification, and to involve NAs in screening, and the findings demonstrate overall support from clinicians for delirium identification, and describe the need for a multifaceted, contextualized, and systemic approach to implementation and evaluation of delirium screening.
Matrilineal evidence for genetic structure and Late Pleistocene demographic expansion of the Ornate goby Istigobiusornatus (Teleostei: Gobiidae) in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea
Authors: Sadeghi Reza , Esmaeili Hamid Reza , Zarei Fatah , Reichenbacher Bettina 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Persian Gulf and Oman Sea are characterized by an interesting paleoclimatic history and different ecological settings, and offer a unique study area to investigate the genetic structure of marine organisms including fishes. The Ornate goby Istigobius ornatus is widely distributed throughout the tropical Indo‐West Pacific including the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. Here, we present the population structure, genetic diversity, and demographic history of four populations of I. ornatus from the latter two regions using the D‐loop marker of mitochondrial DNA. The results reveal a shallow genealogy, a star‐like haplotype network, significance of neutrality tests, and unimodal mismatch distribution. This is concordant with a recent demographic expansion of I. ornatus in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea at about 63,000–14,000 years ago, which appears to be related to Late Pleistocene sea level fall and rise. The results of the pairwise Fst estimates imply high gene flow along the coast of the Persian Gulf, which is probably due to larval dispersion, whereas the Oman Sea population clearly differs from all Persian Gulf populations. The AMOVA result indicates that 7.74% of the variation is related to differences among ecoregions, while inter‐ and intra‐population differences explained −3.20% and 95.47% of the variation, respectively. The haplotype network depicts two groups of haplotypes, most of them were specific to the Persian Gulf. No further evidence for geographic lineage substructuring was evident. The Mantel test result indicates that isolation by distance is not the main mechanism that promoted the genetic differentiation among the studied populations of I. ornatus. We suggest that cumulative effects of ecological and geographic barriers such as salinity, oceanographic conditions, and the presence of the Strait of Hormuz have shaped the genetic structure of I. ornatus in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea.
Desmethyl butenolides are optimal ligands for karrikin receptor proteins
Authors: Yao Jiaren , Scaffidi Adrian , Meng Yongjie , Melville Kim T. , Komatsu Aino , Khosla Aashima , Nelson David C. , Kyozuka Junko , Flematti Gavin R. , Waters Mark T. 
Published: January 2021

Summary

Strigolactones and karrikins are butenolide molecules that regulate plant growth. They are perceived by the α/β‐hydrolase DWARF14 (D14) and its homologue KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE2 (KAI2), respectively. Plant‐derived strigolactones have a butenolide ring with a methyl group that is essential for bioactivity. By contrast, karrikins are abiotic in origin, and the butenolide methyl group is nonessential. KAI2 is probably a receptor for an endogenous butenolide, but the identity of this compound remains unknown.

Here we characterise the specificity of KAI2 towards differing butenolide ligands using genetic and biochemical approaches.

We find that KAI2 proteins from multiple species are most sensitive to desmethyl butenolides that lack a methyl group. Desmethyl‐GR24 and desmethyl‐CN‐debranone are active by KAI2 but not D14. They are more potent KAI2 agonists compared with their methyl‐substituted reference compounds both in vitro and in plants. The preference of KAI2 for desmethyl butenolides is conserved in Selaginella moellendorffii and Marchantia polymorpha, suggesting that it is an ancient trait in land plant evolution.

Our findings provide insight into the mechanistic basis for differential ligand perception by KAI2 and D14, and support the view that the endogenous substrates for KAI2 and D14 have distinct chemical structures and biosynthetic origins.
Aphid feeding induces the relaxation of epigenetic control and the associated regulation of the defense response in Arabidopsis
Authors: Annacondia Maria Luz , Markovic Dimitrije , Reig‐Valiente Juan Luis , Scaltsoyiannes Vassilis , Pieterse Corné M. J. , Ninkovic Velemir , Slotkin R. Keith , Martinez German 
Published: January 2021

Summary

Environmentally induced changes in the epigenome help individuals to quickly adapt to fluctuations in the conditions of their habitats.
We explored those changes in Arabidopsis thaliana plants subjected to multiple biotic and abiotic stresses, and identified transposable element (TE) activation in plants infested with the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae. We performed a genome‐wide analysis mRNA expression, small RNA accumulation and DNA methylation
Our results demonstrate that aphid feeding induces loss of methylation of hundreds of loci, mainly TEs. This loss of methylation has the potential to regulate gene expression and we found evidence that it is involved in the control of plant immunity genes. Accordingly, mutant plants deficient in DNA and H3K9 methylation (kyp) showed increased resistance to M. persicae infestation.
Collectively, our results show that changes in DNA methylation play a significant role in the regulation of the plant transcriptional response and induction of defense response against aphid feeding.
Methodology for Maritime Risk Assessment in Ports due to Meteo‐oceanographic Factors: The Case of the port of Suape, Brazil
Authors: Azevêdo Lucas , Duarte Heitor , Galvão Daniel , Michima Paula , Veleda Doris , Kreuger Alexander 
Published: January 2021

AbstractExploring the effects of meteo‐oceanographic (MO) events on ships’ maneuverability and safety has great potential, since most maritime accidents occur in confined waters, where the speed of ships is low, and the forces of wind and current on ships have particular importance. Therefore, we put forward a methodology that will be used to qualify and classify the risks caused by MO factors to how ships maneuver, dock or undock in a port. The objective is to generate important information for managing risk. The methodology is validated and illustrated step‐by‐step by applying it in Suape, one of the most important ports in Brazil, where the docking of larger tankers (e.g., Suezmax) was not allowed until recently when dredging was done to fit the specifications of such ships, thereby expanding the port's operations. MO data on Suape were collected and recorded from September 2016 to November 2017 and used for the application. Based on expert opinion and discussion with a Suape pilot, 36 accidental scenarios (ASs) were identified and categorized using preliminary hazard analysis. From these, the seven most severe ASs were selected so as to assess in more detail the frequency and consequences of accidents on human health, the environment, and property, for which the MO statistics for the likelihood of an accident and/or dispersal of an oil spill were used. The results show that the methodology is viable to assess risks caused by bad weather and to communicate these to pilots and competent authorities, thus improving the safety of operations.
A cost‐effective maize ear phenotyping platform enables rapid categorization and quantification of kernels
Authors: Warman Cedar , Sullivan Christopher M. , Preece Justin , Buchanan Michaela E. , Vejlupkova Zuzana , Jaiswal Pankaj , Fowler John E. 
Published: January 2021

SUMMARYHigh‐throughput phenotyping systems are powerful, dramatically changing our ability to document, measure, and detect biological phenomena. Here, we describe a cost‐effective combination of a custom‐built imaging platform and deep‐learning‐based computer vision pipeline. A minimal version of the maize (Zea mays) ear scanner was built with low‐cost and readily available parts. The scanner rotates a maize ear while a digital camera captures a video of the surface of the ear, which is then digitally flattened into a two‐dimensional projection. Segregating GFP and anthocyanin kernel phenotypes are clearly distinguishable in ear projections and can be manually annotated and analyzed using image analysis software. Increased throughput was attained by designing and implementing an automated kernel counting system using transfer learning and a deep learning object detection model. The computer vision model was able to rapidly assess over 390 000 kernels, identifying male‐specific transmission defects across a wide range of GFP‐marked mutant alleles. This includes a previously undescribed defect putatively associated with mutation of Zm00001d002824, a gene predicted to encode a vacuolar processing enzyme. Thus, by using this system, the quantification of transmission data and other ear and kernel phenotypes can be accelerated and scaled to generate large datasets for robust analyses.
A Comprehensive Experiment-Based Approach to Generate Stress Field and Slip Lines in Cutting Process
Authors: Yang Zheng-Yan , Zhang Xiao-Ming , Nie Guang-Chao , Zhang Dong , Ding Han 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This study proposes a comprehensive experiment-based method to determine stress field and slip lines in metal cutting process. The chip geometry and workpiece's strain and strain rate fields are determined using an in situ imaging technique. The two-dimensional (2D) heat transfer problem for the steady-state cutting process is solved to derive the cutting temperature, and the flow stresses of work material in the main deformation zone are calculated based on the plasticity theory. Furthermore, the stress field is comprehensively determined to satisfy the stress equilibrium, friction law along the tool-chip interface, and traction-free boundary condition along the uncut chip surface. In addition, slip lines in the main deformation zone are derived according to the direction of maximum shear stress without the assumption of perfect rigid-plastic material. The proposed method is validated by comparing the cutting forces calculated based on the obtained stress field with the experimental results.
Effects of Endwall Film Coolant Flowrate on Secondary Flows and Coolant Mixing in a First Stage Nozzle Guide Vane
Authors: Alqefl Mahmood H. , Nawathe Kedar P. , Chen Pingting , Zhu Rui , Kim Yong W. , Simon Terrence W. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractModern gas turbines are subjected to very high thermal loading. This leads to a need for aggressive cooling to protect components from damage. Endwalls are particularly challenging to cool due to a complex system of secondary flows near them that wash and disrupt the protective coolant films. This highly three-dimensional flow not only affects but is also affected by the momentum of film cooling flows, whether injected just upstream of the passage to intentionally cool the endwall or as combustor cooling flows injected further upstream in the engine. This complex interaction between the different cooling flows and passage aerodynamics has been recently studied in a first stage nozzle guide vane. The present paper presents a detailed study on the sensitivity of aero-thermal interactions to endwall film cooling mass flow to mainstream flow ratio. The test section represents a first stage nozzle guide vane with a contoured endwall and endwall film cooling injected just upstream of it. The test section also includes an engine-representative combustor–turbine interface geometry with combustor cooling flows injected at a constant rate. The approach flow conditions represent flow exiting a low-NOx combustor. Adiabatic surface thermal measurements and in-passage velocity and thermal field measurements are presented and discussed. The results show the dynamics of passage vortex suppression and the increase of impingement vortex strength as MFR changes. The effects of these changes of secondary flows on coolant distribution are presented.
Bridging Between Topology Optimization and Additive Manufacturing via Laplacian Smoothing
Authors: Barroqueiro B. , Andrade-Campos A. , Dias-de-Oliveira J. , Valente R. A. F. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The potential of additive layer manufacturing (ALM) is high, with a whole new set of manufacturable parts with unseen complexity being offered. Moreover, the combination of topology optimization (TO) with ALM has brought mutual advantages. However, the transition between TO and ALM is a nontrivial step that requires a robust methodology. Thus, the purpose of this work is to evaluate the capabilities of adopting the commonly used Laplacian smoothing methodology as the bridging tool between TO and ALM. Several algorithms are presented and compared in terms of efficiency and performance. Most importantly, a different concept of Laplacian smoothing is presented as well as a set of metrics to evaluate the performance of the algorithms, with the advantages and disadvantages of each algorithm being discussed. In the end, the proposed mutable diffusion Laplacian algorithm is presented and exhibits less volume shrinkage and shows better preservation of some geometrical features such as thin members and edges. Moreover, a new volume constraint is presented, decreasing the resulting structural changes in the presented geometry and improving the final mesh quality.