bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A proposed model for disclosing the role of the collective intelligence system in improving joint auditing
Authors: Hassan Khaled Fa'iq , Al-Taie Bushra Fadil 
Published: October 2021

This research aims to present a proposed model for disclosure and documentation when performing the audit according to the joint audit method by using the questions and principles of the collective intelligence system, which leads to improving and enhancing the efficiency of the joint audit, and thus enhancing the confidence of the parties concerned in the outputs of the audit process. As the research problem can be formulated through the following question: “Does the proposed model for disclosure of the role of the collective intelligence system contribute to improving joint auditing?”
The proposed model is designed for the disclosure of joint auditing and the role of collective intelligence in improving it to achieve integration between the auditor’s report on the one hand and the joint audit information on the other hand, by disclosing the joint audit information in the explanations complementing the audit report that should be available in the current audit file of the economic unit in question. Auditing, by merging the questions of the collective intelligence system (who, what, how, why) with the indicators of the quality of the audit, and the research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is unified documentation of the joint audit work in the audit office as it is permissible to use the collective intelligence system—documenting the work carried out by members of his team independently of the other office. As for the most important recommendations, they were represented in need to adopt the proposed model for using collective intelligence to improve the quality of joint auditing performance, which aims to provide a mechanism for disclosure and documentation of joint auditing
The role of Iraqi trade policies in stimulating productive sectors to grow for the period (2003-2019) (an analytical study in light of the Malaysian experience)
Authors: Rahim Salam Sami , Ali Sabah Nema 
Published: October 2021

This paper deals with analyzing the influencing role of trade policies in growth and development of productive economic sectors and their contribution to GDP and its reflection on the level of manpower employment. Studies have proven the success of the Malaysian experience in stimulating the productive economic sectors to grow and their contribution to the gross domestic product with an increase in the growth of local markets and access to international markets for national products. This study sheds the light on the ineffectiveness of Iraqi trade policies after 2003 in stimulating the productive economic sectors (agricultural and industrial) on economic growth, as most of the increase in Iraqi GDP growth throughout the study period was due to the increase in the oil sector’s contribution because of higher oil prices and increased production. Other sectors had no role in these increases, which made the Iraqi economy dependent on the outside world and importer of external economic crises. The recommendations included drawing up an economic plan under which productive sectors would be stimulated to grow and increase their contribution to the Iraqi GDP, reduce dependence on oil to finance public expenditures, reform the tax system, and call for partnership with the private sector and create appropriate conditions for it and attract foreign direct investment for the development of the Iraqi economy. The necessity for the government to adopt trade policies that are suitable to the reality of the Iraqi economy and the imbalances that exist in the economic sectors, and to exploit the trade deficit with some countries to develop an agreement to improve trade exchange with them leads to develop some national industries
Priorité de la liberté et écologie
Authors: Degiovanni Cécile 
Published: October 2021

La prééminence que le libéralisme accorde aux libertés individuelles apparaît parfois comme un obstacle à la mise en œuvre de politiques environnementales contraignantes. Chez Rawls, cette prééminence s’incarne dans le principe de priorité de la liberté : on ne peut restreindre une des libertés de base qu’au nom de la liberté – et donc pas, semble-t-il, pour protéger l’environnement. Il est ici montré que ce principe, retouché à la suite d’une critique de Herbert L. A. Hart, autorise et même exige plus de politiques écologiques qu’il n’y paraît. En outre, deux modestes aménagements internes de la théorie permettent d’en autoriser et exiger plus encore : considérer un environnement de qualité comme un bien premier, et un droit à un environnement de qualité comme une liberté de base.
La parole politique en confrontation dans les médias
Authors: Constantin de Chanay Hugues , Giaufret Anna , Kerbrat-Orecchioni Catherine 
Published: October 2021

Résumé Quel que soit le degré de préparation des émissions médiatiques faisant intervenir des hommes ou femmes politiques, il peut se faire que surviennent certains « incidents » imprévus, qui vont avoir sur les participants et sur le déroulement de l’interaction des effets déstabilisateurs fort intéressants à observer. En particulier, ces incidents peuvent amener l’un(e) et/ou l’autre des participant(e) s à « perdre leur calme », comme on le verra à partir de l’analyse de deux épisodes de la campagne présidentielle de 2007 : le débat de l’entre-deux-tours mettant en présence Ségolène Royal et Nicolas Sarkozy (épisode dit de la « saine colère »), et un entretien avec Philippe de Villiers au cours de l’émission Le temps de choisir . On s’intéressera, dans une approche multi modale, aux différentes manifestations de l’émotion (qui peuvent relever du « dire » ou du « montrer »), ainsi qu’aux diverses formes de sa gestion interactionnelle.
Correlation of preprocedural ultrasound estimated epidural depths in transverse median and posterior sagittal oblique view and body mass index with procedural epidural depths in patients scheduled for surgery under lumbar epidural anaesthesia
Authors: Awasthi Harshvardhan , Verma Versha , Chaudhary Usha , Rana Shelly , Singh Jai , Negi Chander Mohan 
Published: October 2021

Background and Aims:Preprocedural lumbar ultrasound (US) is employed for the estimation of epidural depth (ED). This study observed the correlation of preprocedural ED in transverse median (TM), parasagittal oblique (PSO) view, and body mass index (BMI) with procedural ED.Methods:In a prospective study, 100 female patients, aged 40–65 years, with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I/II, BMI 18.5–30 kg m−2scheduled for surgeries under lumbar epidural blocks were included. In the TM group, preprocedural ultrasonography (USG) was performed in TM view and ED was calculated, whereas in the PSO group, the paramedian sagittal view was used and corresponding markings were done for epidural needle insertion in the midline and paramedian planes, respectively. The primary outcome was the correlation of procedural ED and preprocedural ED in TM and PSO views, respectively. The secondary outcomes included correlation of procedural ED with BMI, comparability of preprocedural, and procedural ED in TM and PSO views. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) v19.0 (International Business Machines, USA).Results:The preprocedural and procedural ED was less in the TM group (4.43 ± 0.75 and 4.44 ± 0.75 cm) in comparison to those in the PSO group (4.86 ± 0.53, 4.90 ± 0.54;P= 0.001). Strong correlation was observed in preprocedural and procedural ED [r2= 0.996 and 0.995]. The procedural ED had strong correlation with BMI [r2= 0.600,P= 0.001] in the TM group, and weak correlation [r2= 0.367] in the PSO group [P= 0.01]. The procedural ED was comparable to preprocedural ED in TM and PSO groups.Conclusion:Preprocedural US scanning provides an accurate estimate of actual EDs in TM and PSO view.
The utility of gradient of end-tidal carbon dioxide between two lungs in lateral decubitus position in predicting a drop in oxygenation during one-lung ventilation in elective thoracic surgery- A prospective observational study
Authors: Parab Swapnil Yeshwant , Chatterjee Aparna , Saxena Rishi S. 
Published: October 2021

Background and Aims:Baseline difference in the perfusion of two lungs is the cause of intra-operative shunt during one-lung ventilation (OLV). This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the gradient of end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) between two lungs in lateral position (D-EtCO2lateral) would predict the quantity of shunt and hence the drop in the oxygenation during OLV.Methods:An observational study was conducted to include consecutive 70 patients undergoing thoracic surgery using a double-lumen tube in a lateral position. D-EtCO2lateralwas calculated by subtracting EtCO2from the non-dependent lung from that of the dependent lung when ventilation parameters are the same for each lung. Oxygenation was assessed by measuring PaO2/FiO2ratios (P/F ratio) at 10, 20 and 40 min after OLV. Correlations between D-EtCO2lateraland P/F ratios were calculated. Receiver operating curves were analysed to test the ability of D-EtCO2lateralto identify patients with a P/F ratio of <100 during OLV.Results:A moderate correlation was found between D-EtCO2lateraland P/F ratios at 10 and 20 min of OLV. Among lung resection cases (n = 61), correlation was moderate at 10 (r = 0.64), and 20 min (r = 0.65) (P< 0.001) and became weak at 40 min (r = 0.489,P< 0.001). Areas under curve for D-EtCO2lateralto predict the drop in P/F ratio <100 at 10, 20 and 40 min after OLV were 0.90 (cut-off: 2.5), 0.78 (cut-off: 3.5) and 0.78 (cut-off: 4.5), respectively.Conclusion:D-EtCO2lateralcould predict the drop in oxygenation in the early part of OLV in lung resection surgeries.
Prospective Study of Use of Island of Tragal Cartilage in Revision Tympanoplasty
Authors: Verma Bhavika , Dawat Naresh , Dabholkar Yogesh G. , Patil Sachin J. 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Ideal graft material in revision tympanoplasty is a topic of much research. Cartilage being sturdy and stable even in negative pressure situations, is a viable option.

Aims and Objectives:
The aim of the present study was to evaluate graft uptake and hearing improvement using the technique of island of tragal cartilage as a graft material in revision tympanoplasty.

Materials and Methods:
This was a prospective study of total of 60 Type 1 revision tympanoplasty surgeries which were done using tragal cartilage island graft from December 2017 to December 2019 in our institute with a follow-up of 3 months.

Results:
Graft uptake in our study was found to be 93.33%. Four patients showed a re-perforation during follow-up. The mean preoperative air-bone gap (ABG) was 28.13 dB, while the postoperative mean ABG was 16.83 dB and the mean gain was 12.83 dB.

Conclusion:
It is thus worthwhile to consider island of tragal cartilage as a graft material in revision tympanoplasty.
Who will guard the guardians? Cross-sectional study on prevalence of psychiatric morbidity, quality of life, and coping skills in caregivers of children with thalassemia major
Authors: Angane AY , Kadam KS , Ghorpade GS , Unnithan VB 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Patients of thalassemia major require frequent hospitalization. Caregivers are more affected than the patient themselves as they better appreciate the magnitude of illness and treatment, resulting in increased risks for psychiatric illness.

Aims and Objectives:
The purpose of the study was to assess the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in the caregivers of patients with thalassemia major. The study also examined the quality of life of the caregivers, their coping strategies, and its association with sociodemographic variables.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study with 100 caregivers, recruited by convenience sampling technique, attending the thalassemia daycare center, was carried out over 12 months in a tertiary care hospital. They were administered a semistructured proforma along with General Health Questionnaire 12 (GHQ 12), WHO-Quality of Life-BREF (WHO-QOL-BREF), and Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations 21 scale. The GHQ 12 was used for screening and those scoring three or more underwent a clinical psychiatric interview. Those who were diagnosed with psychopathology were ascribed diagnosis as per ICD-10. Descriptive analysis was done. Associations were studied using Fischer's exact test. Comparison of quality of life with blood transfusion variables was done using Mann–Whitney U test.

Results:
The prevalence of psychiatric morbidity amongst the caregivers was found to be 35% with depressive episode (22%) being the most common. Psychiatric morbidity was found to have a significant association with both, the frequency (P = 0.037) and total number of blood transfusions (P = 0.012). Coping was found to have a strong association with psychiatric morbidity (P = 0.001) and employment (P = 0.009).

Conclusions:
Caregivers of children with thalassemia major face psychological burden like depression or anxiety, for which treatment is not sought. Improved psychological health of the caregivers will ensure better care of the child and guarantee better adherence to the treatment.
METHODS USED BY WOMEN PARLIAMENTARIANS TO INFLUENCE LEGISLATIVE PROCESSES AND OUTCOMES IN KENYA’S NATIONAL ASSEMBLY OF THE 11TH PARLIAMENT (2013 -2017)
Authors: Miruka Simon Okumba , Ngare Grace Wamue , Okemwa Pacificah 
Published: October 2021

Purpose: The study examined the legislative influence of women in the context of gender quotas in Kenya’s National Assembly of the 11th parliament (2013-207). This article focuses on the methods women parliamentarians used to assert legislative influence.
Methodology: This was a descriptive case study which focused on all 68 women in the National Assembly. Respondents were identified through stratified sampling based on: pathway to parliament; membership and leadership of parliamentary structures; contribution to debate; and sponsorship of Bills enacted. A total of 11 women were interviewed, derived from four of the seven parliamentary political parties, specifically the two largest political coalitions which contributed 94% of the legislature. The study also interviewed four purposively sampled key informants (KIs) - three male and one female. The data was processed manually, analysed and presented under each study objective. Sources of primary data were coded as follows: WL (Woman Legislator), ML (Male Legislator) and KI (Key Informant). All respondents were allocated specific numbers for identification and acknowledgement.
Findings: The study established that women legislators used the following methods to influence legislation: mobilisation of male colleagues; solidarity across political parties; activism; leveraging committee positions; reliance on the National Assembly leadership; and compromise and conciliation. It notes that the methods were effective in some circumstances but failed in others.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study outlines how various methods were applied by women legislators in Kenya’s National Assembly 2013-2017, the first time quotas were applied in Kenyan elections. It fills the gap in earlier studies that did not document these methods. The study notes that the methods were not intrinsically weak but their effectiveness was limited by circumstances, especially the attitude of male legislators. It illustrates the importance of diversifying approaches to influence legislation. The study recommends that women legislators should: work with supportive male legislators and other pressure groups in the legislature; introduce Bills early in the legislative calendar to improve chances of success; receive training on parliamentary work; and occupy influential parliamentary leadership positions.
CONFLICT MANAGEMENT STYLES AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN HOSPITALS.
Authors: Binyanya Denis 
Published: October 2021

Purpose: Mobile technologies provide an affordable and easily accessible technology that lecturers can use effectively to assist students with their studies. The general objective of the study was to evaluate conflict management styles and employee performance in hospitals
Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps.
Findings: From the study findings, it is concluded that the compromising, avoiding and dominating styles are the most commonly used styles among the Public hospitals, the doctors, nurses and the clinical officers. This is because the compromising style encourages participation of all the parties, the style is partially assertive and cooperative and the style leads to temporal solutions when being used. The avoiding style is preferred because it involves withdrawing from the conflict at hand whereas the dominating style is preferred because the style is used in case of an emergency and involves speedy decision making. With all this in place, conflicts are managed which leads to temporal and fair solutions which satisfy all the parties. Therefore, the styles when used leads to increase in employee performance in the work place.
Recommendations: The study recommended that the management of public hospitals should ensure that conflicts are cut down basing on how employee performance is important. The management should be able to encourage the employees to perform through participation in the decision making process, ensure they are performing their job roles and duties responsibly and also evaluate employees annually to know understand why they are performing the way they are
Examination of Turkish Mathematics Teachers Technology Integration Levels and Their Self-Confidence in TPACK
Authors: ARDIÇ Mehmet Alper 
Published: October 2021

This study aims to investigate the technology integration levels of secondary education mathematics teachers and their self-confidence in TPACK in terms of technology components. The present study, which employed the convergent parallel design of a mixed method, enrolled 57 mathematics teachers. A questionnaire to obtain teachers' views and the TPACK confidence survey were used as data collection tools in the research. It was found that teachers have a moderate level of self-confidence and the majority of them integrated technology into their classes at the replacement level. It was also seen that TPACK self-confidence levels of the teachers did not differ according to their technology integration levels. However, in the TPACK component of the TPACK self-confidence of the participants, there was a significant difference in favor of those who agreed with the idea that students should use technological tools in classes. Similarly, it was found that mathematics teachers using more than one software in their classes had significantly higher TPACK self-confidence in all components. Consequently it can be said that technology integration levels of mathematics teachers reflected by their TPACK self-confident levels.
К ИЗУЧЕНИЮ ОСОБЕННОСТЕЙ ВЕДЕНИЯ ХОЗЯЙСТВА НАСЕЛЕНИЕМ ГОРОДИЩА КУЛЬТОБЕ: по данным археозоологического анализа (2020–2021 гг.)
Authors: Шагирбаев Мамбет Сапарбекович , Ержигитова Айсулу Аскаровна , Казизов Ерлан Сатыбалдыевич , Сорокин Денис Викторович 
Published: October 2021

В статье анализируются результаты археозоологических исследований, проведенных на материалах, собранных в ходе археологических раскопок среднекового городища Культобе в период с 2020 по 2021 гг. Остеологический материал изучался и группировался по видам животных, элементам скелета и возрастным особенностям. Изучено 3815 костей, из которых определено 3197 костей. Остатки мелкого рогатого скота составляют 62,4%, крупного рогатого скота – 17,1%, лошади – 15,6%. Найдены кости верблюда, осла, собаки, кулана, сайги, архара и птиц. Роль охоты в хозяйстве у жителей городища была незначительной. В ходе проведения морфометрического анализа костей животных было установлено, что у ряда животных имеются анатомические особенности. Среди остеологических материалов было выявлено большое количество (более 800) лопаток и все они принадлежали мелкому рогатому скоту. Лопатки этого вида были найдены на нескольких обьектах в сгруппированном виде. В большинстве случаев на них сохранились следы от «порезов» и «проколов». Массовое обнаружение лопаток мелкого рогатого скота связывается с обрядом «гадания на лопатке». Раскопанные объекты датируются XVIII–XIX вв. В отечественной археозоологической науке остеологические материалы из культурных слоев памятников, датируемых таким поздним временем, ранее не рассматривались. Изучение остеологических материалов, обнаруженных на городище Культобе, является актуальным в определении динамики роста численности животных в хозяйстве населения Туркестанского региона, анатомических особенностей и обрядов, связанных с костями животных.
ХРАНИТЕЛЬ ДРЕВНОСТИ: ПАМЯТИ АРНАБАЯ НУРЖАНОВА
Authors: Крупко Игорь 
Published: October 2021

В статье предпринята попытка описания научных исследований известного казахстанского археолога Арнабая Абишевича Нуржанова. Его научную деятельность можно охарактеризовать как интердисциплинарное исследование ушедших эпох, воплощенных в материальной культуре, артефактах, ритуальных комплексах и сакральных памятниках. В своих исследованиях он создавал верифицируемую эмпирическую базу энциклопедического типа, систематизируя исторические факты об археологических культурах средневековья – важнейшей эпохи для истории Казахстана. Именно в этот период сформировался культурный ландшафт и багаж, с которым Казахстан вышел в Новое время. Под руководством Арнабая Абишевича отдел средневековой археологии Института археологии им. А.Х. Маргулана выполнял следующие задачи: исследование жилых кварталов, некрополей, сакральных памятников и артефактов, ритуальных комплексов на территории средневековых городов Казахстана как пространств знаковых систем экономических, религиозных и социальных отношений; изучение процессов возникновения и становления городской культуры Казахстана в ее взаимодействии с кочевой цивилизацией средневековых тюрков. К сожалению, настоящая статья является и некрологом, мемуаром о совместной работе и попыткой прощания с учителем.
STRATEGI LAZISNU DALAM MENINGKATKAN PEREKONOMIAN MASYARAKAT MELALUI PEMBERDAYAAN ZAKAT PRODUKTIF (Studi Kasus di Lazisnu Kabupaten Nganjuk)
Authors: Syaickhu Ahmad , Winarko Puji , Hermawan Luki 
Published: October 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tahap pemberdayaan zakat produktif dalam meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat LAZISNU Kabupaten Nganjuk, kemudian untuk mengetahui upaya pemberdayaan zakat produktif dalam meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat LAZISNU Kabupaten Nganjuk, serta untuk mengetahui dampak strategi pemberdayaan zakat produktif dalam meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat LAZISNU Kabupaten Nganjuk.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan pada lembaga dan masyarakat, Data tersebut dikumpulkan dengan mempergunakan metode observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Dari hasil penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa strategi pengelolaan zakat produktif LAZISNU kabupaten nganjuk yaitu dalam pendayagunaan zakat produktif penulis menyimpulkan bahwa strategi pendayagunaan zakat kepada kegiatan produktif oleh pihak LAZISNU Kabupaten Nganjuk adalah untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan para mustahik dan juga membantu usaha kecil yang membutuhkan modal dan alat usaha, terutama untuk para kepala rumah tangga perempuan yang memiliki usaha kecil dari dana zakat. Beberapa tahapan dalam pelaksanaan penyaluran dana zakat produktif antara lain yaitu memberikan pelatihan kepada penerima zakat produktif, melkukan pengawasan terhadap penerima zakat atas usaha yang telah di berikan, dan pendampingan dalam melaksanaka usaha tersebut.
Hasil Penelitian: Minimnya dalam pengawasan dari LAZISNU dan Pada pemberian gerobak dan modal usaha LAZISNU kabupaten Nganjuk belum bisa memberikan pendampingan secara maksimal karena kurangnya SDM, pengelola zakat, dan kurangnya pemahaman masyarakat tentang zakat merupakan kendalakendala yang dihadapi oleh LAZISNU dalam mengelola zakat produktif