bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grassland fallows as key for successful insect conservation
Authors: Frenzel Tobias , Wörsdörfer Anne , Khedhiri Souha , Di Giulio Maurice , Leus Fabienne , Lipperts Marie‐Jo , Martin Daniel , Fischer Klaus 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
There is widescale evidence for declines in insect biodiversity at a global scale. Agricultural intensification is considered to be one of the major causes of these declines. Traditionally managed habitat types, such as hay meadows, harbour a rich diversity of plants and animals but have been often transformed into crop fields or silage grassland.
To evaluate the role of (i) agricultural intensification for insect declines and of (ii) traditionally managed hay meadows and fallows for biodiversity conservation, we here compare bee, hoverfly, and leafhopper assemblages on 45 sites along a gradient of land use intensity in western Germany. We included moist long‐term grassland fallows, three types of hay meadows, and silage grasslands, each represented by nine replicates.
Species numbers of bees and leafhoppers were significantly higher on fallows than other management types. Grassland fallows also harboured the most distinct assemblages, while those of hay meadows and silage grassland were very similar and largely overlapping.
The surprising similarity of hay meadow and silage assemblages may be due to investigating highly mobile taxa within a landscape composed of a fine‐scale mosaic of traditionally managed and intensified grassland. Our results demonstrate the high importance of unmanaged areas, even when the overall land use intensity is still comparatively low.
We suggest that temporal grassland fallows (unmanaged for 3–5 years) should be subsidised in agri‐environmental schemes to increase landscape heterogeneity and to preserve insect diversity.
High‐entropy transparent ceramics: Review of potential candidates and recently studied cases
Authors: Zhang Guangran , Wu Yiquan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHigh‐entropy ceramics have been widely explored and extensively studied since the first demonstration of the configuration entropy stabilized reversible transitions between multiple and single phases by Rost et al. in 2015. Most of the current research on high‐entropy ceramics has focused on properties like thermal conductivity, thermoelectricity, structures, and others. Some recent studies have extended the high‐entropy concept to the field of transparent ceramics. We reviewed these papers and proposed four potential ceramics groups for high‐entropy transparent ceramics including fluoride ceramics, fluorite‐deficient and/or ordered pyrochlore A2B2O7 ceramics, garnet ceramics, and sesquioxide ceramics. In this article, we review ceramic powder synthesis, the fabrication of transparent ceramics, high‐entropy ceramics, and limited cases of high‐entropy transparent ceramics for each category. High‐entropy transparent ceramics with diverse compositions and structures will provide more possibilities for functional transparent ceramics in the future.
The daily routing and scheduling problem of home health care: based on costs and participants’ preference satisfaction
Authors: Xiang Ting , Li Yanfeng , Szeto Wai Yuen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractImproving the level of service and reducing total costs are the most important objectives for the decision support system of home health care companies. But these objectives are often in conflict. In this study, we aim to minimize the total costs and maximize the participants’ preference satisfaction simultaneously. The problem is formulated as a bi‐objective mixed‐integer linear programming model that considers the skill requirements of patients, hard time windows for the service start time, and the working duration of a nurse. Patient preference satisfaction captures the nurse skill level and nurse–patient familiarity, and nurses’ preference satisfaction captures the overtime duration. To solve this problem, a novel hybrid elitist nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (hybrid NSGA‐II) is developed by embedding a local search algorithm into the basic NSGA‐II framework. Computation results on a set of benchmarking instances show that the developed hybrid NSGA‐II can obtain approximate Pareto‐optimal solutions within a shorter computation time when compared with the ‐constraint method for small instances; it can also perform better than the basic NSGA‐II and SPEA‐II with the size increasing for middle and large instances. Using a small instance, this study also analyzes the problem properties and the trade‐off between total costs and participants’ preference satisfaction.
Construal level moderates a local dominance effect of appearance comparisons in undergraduate women
Authors: Bruchmann Kathryn , Osa Maggie L. , Wong Kahana , Baerg Lindsay 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBody image concerns are pervasive within university environments. In this study, we suggest that high rates of body image concerns among undergraduate women may be due, in part, to a local dominance effect of appearance comparisons. That is, undergraduate women may increasingly make upward social comparisons with a predominantly thin and fit student population, rather than downward or lateral social comparisons with the size‐diverse global population. The present research tested for and found evidence of this local dominance effect in Study 1 (N = 50), and tested a construal level manipulation as a moderating factor in Study 2 (N = 421). Results suggest that a concrete mindset leads to a local dominance effect, such that self‐evaluations are influenced more by local comparisons than global; however, an abstract mindset appeared to mitigate the harmful effects of appearance comparisons. This research provides preliminary evidence that construal manipulations may serve as an intervention strategy to include in body image interventions in university settings.
Comparative analysis of human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived mesenchymal stem cells and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Rajasingh Sheeja , Sigamani Vinoth , Selvam Vijay , Gurusamy Narasimman , Kirankumar Shivaani , Vasanthan Jayavardini , Rajasingh Johnson 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGeneration of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and their differentiation into mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (iMSCs) have created exciting source of cells for autologous therapy. In this study, we have compared the therapeutic potential of iMSCs generated from urinary epithelial (UE) cells with the available umbilical cord MSCs (UC‐MSCs). For this, adult UE cells were treated with the mRNA of pluripotent genes (OCT4, NANOG, SOX2, KLF4, MYC and LIN28) and a cocktail of miRNAs under specific culture conditions for generating iPSCs. Our non‐viral and mRNA‐based treatment regimen demonstrated a high reprogramming efficiency to about 30% at passage 0. These UE‐iPSCs were successfully differentiated further into ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm lineage of cells. Moreover, these UE‐iPSCs were subsequently differentiated into iMSCs and were compared with the UC‐MSCs. These iMSCs were capable of differentiating into osteocytes, chondrocytes and adipocytes. Our qRT‐PCR and Western blot data showed that the CD73, CD90 and CD105 gene transcripts and proteins were highly expressed in iMSCs and UC‐MSCs but not in other cells. The comparative qRT‐PCR data showed that the iMSCs maintained their MSC characteristics without any chromosomal abnormalities even at later passages (P15), during which the UC‐MSCs started losing their MSC characteristics. Importantly, the wound‐healing property demonstrated through migration assay was superior in iMSCs when compared to the UC‐MSCs. In this study, we have demonstrated an excellent non‐invasive and pain‐free method of obtaining iMSCs for regenerative therapy. These homogeneous autologous highly proliferative iMSCs may provide an alternative source of cells to UC‐MSCs for treating various diseases.
Combined polygenic risk scores of different psychiatric traits predict general and specific psychopathology in childhood
Authors: Neumann Alexander , Jolicoeur‐Martineau Alexia , Szekely Eszter , Sallis Hannah M. , O’Donnel Kieran , Greenwood Celia M.T. , Levitan Robert , Meaney Michael J. , Wazana Ashley , Evans Jonathan , Tiemeier Henning 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundPolygenic risk scores (PRSs) operationalize genetic propensity toward a particular mental disorder and hold promise as early predictors of psychopathology, but before a PRS can be used clinically, explanatory power must be increased and the specificity for a psychiatric domain established. To enable early detection, it is crucial to study these psychometric properties in childhood. We examined whether PRSs associate more with general or with specific psychopathology in school‐aged children. Additionally, we tested whether psychiatric PRSs can be combined into a multi‐PRS score for improved performance.MethodsWe computed 16 PRSs based on GWASs of psychiatric phenotypes, but also neuroticism and cognitive ability, in mostly adult populations. Study participants were 9,247 school‐aged children from three population‐based cohorts of the DREAM‐BIG consortium: ALSPAC (UK), The Generation R Study (Netherlands), and MAVAN (Canada). We associated each PRS with general and specific psychopathology factors, derived from a bifactor model based on self‐report and parental, teacher, and observer reports. After fitting each PRS in separate models, we also tested a multi‐PRS model, in which all PRSs are entered simultaneously as predictors of the general psychopathology factor.ResultsSeven PRSs were associated with the general psychopathology factor after multiple testing adjustment, two with specific externalizing and five with specific internalizing psychopathology. PRSs predicted general psychopathology independently of each other, with the exception of depression and depressive symptom PRSs. Most PRSs associated with a specific psychopathology domain, were also associated with general child psychopathology.ConclusionsThe results suggest that PRSs based on current GWASs of psychiatric phenotypes tend to be associated with general psychopathology, or both general and specific psychiatric domains, but not with one specific psychopathology domain only. Furthermore, PRSs can be combined to improve predictive ability. PRS users should therefore be conscious of nonspecificity and consider using multiple PRSs simultaneously, when predicting psychiatric disorders.
ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters in cancer: A review of recent updates
Authors: Wang Jing‐Quan , Wu Zhuo‐Xun , Yang Yuqi , Teng Qiu‐Xu , Li Yi‐Dong , Lei Zi‐Ning , Jani Khushboo A , Kaushal Neeraj , Chen Zhe‐Sheng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily is one of the largest membrane protein families existing in wide spectrum of organisms from prokaryotes to human. ABC transporters are also known as efflux pumps because they mediate the cross‐membrane transportation of various endo‐ and xenobiotic molecules energized by ATP hydrolysis. Therefore, ABC transporters have been considered closely to multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer, where the efflux of structurally distinct chemotherapeutic drugs causes reduced itherapeutic efficacy. Besides, ABC transporters also play other critical biological roles in cancer such as signal transduction. During the past decades, extensive efforts have been made in understanding the structure‐function relationship, transportation profile of ABC transporters, as well as the possibility to overcome MDR via targeting these transporters. In this review, we discuss the most recent knowledge regarding ABC transporters and cancer drug resistance in order to provide insights for the development of more effective therapies.
Fish functional diversity as an indicator of resilience to industrial fishing in Patagonia Argentina
Authors: Rincón‐Díaz Martha Patricia , Bovcon Nelson D. , Cochia Pablo D. , Góngora María Eva , Galván David E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe relationship between fish functional diversity and fishing levels at which its baselines shift is important to identify the consequences of fishing in ecosystem functioning. For the first time, the authors of this study implemented a trait‐based approach in the Argentine Patagonian Sea to identify the vulnerability and spatiotemporal changes in functional diversity of fish assemblages incidentally captured by a trawling fleet targeting the Argentine red shrimp Pleoticus muelleri (Spence Bate, 1888) between 2003 and 2014. The authors coupled seven fish trophic traits to a reconstructed fish assemblage for the study area and by‐catch and evaluated changes in fish species richness and four complementary functional diversity measures (functional richness, redundancy, dispersion and community trait values) along with fishing intensity, temporal use, latitudinal location and depth of fishing grounds, and vessel length. Resident fishes larger than 30 cm in length, with depressed and fusiform bodies, intermediate to high trophic levels, and feeding in benthic, demersal and midwater areas were vulnerable to by‐catch. In addition, fish assemblages exhibited a low functional trait redundancy, likely related to species influxes in a biogeographic ecotone with tropicalisation signs. Significant increases in fish trait richness and dispersion poleward and deep suggested new functional roles in these grounds, matching trends in community body size, reproductive load, maximum depth and trophic level. Finally, a temporal increase in fish species and functional trait removal in fishing grounds led to trait homogenisation since 2003. The authors identified that tipping points in temperate fish functional trait diversity showed the importance of trait‐based approaches within ecosystem‐based fisheries management.
Intensified production of zeolite A: Life cycle assessment of a continuous flow pilot plant and comparison with a conventional batch plant
Authors: Grimaldi Fabio , Ramirez Heidy , Lutz Cécile , Lettieri Paola 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study investigates on the environmental impact of an intensified technology for the manufacturing of Zeolite A, one of the largest zeolites employed worldwide by volume and value. The technology under consideration is an oscillatory continuous‐flow synthesis, developed industrially by Arkema, and currently at pilot‐scale. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is used in this work to measure the sustainability of this emerging technology in an anticipatory fashion, before its full deployment, with the aim of driving the process development toward the minimization of the environmental footprint. The assessment explores the full life‐cycle of the production system and comprises comparative analysis, scenario analysis, and a hotspot analysis. Finally, the continuous‐flow technology is benchmarked against the environmental impact of a conventional batch production of zeolite A, based on a full‐scale commercial plant. The results evidence that significant benefits would stem from shifting from batch to continuous‐flow production. The comparative analysis reveals that the extent of the latter advantages depends on the impact category under consideration and directs the next steps of CF system's process development toward pivotal aspects such as the recirculation system to further reduce the system's environmental impacts. Regardless of the chosen production technology, a large share of the total environmental impact hinges on the production of NaOH, a building block of the synthesis, and hence is hardly mitigatable. On the whole, the findings of this work emphasize the need of prioritizing LCA during the development phase of emerging technologies and underline its efficacy to prevent waste of resources and capitals.
Adrenalectomy in ectopic Cushing’s syndrome: A retrospective cohort study from a tertiary care centre
Authors: Lase Ieva , Grönberg Malin , Norlén Olov , Stålberg Peter , Welin Staffan , Janson Eva Tiensuu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNeuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) causing ectopic Cushing's syndrome (ECS) are rare and challenging to treat. In this retrospective cohort study, we aimed to evaluate different approaches for bilateral adrenalectomy (BA) as a treatment option in ECS. Fifty‐three patients with ECS caused by a NEN (35 females/18 men; mean ± SD age: 53 ± 15 years) were identified from medical records. Epidemiological and clinical parameters, survival, indications for surgery and timing, as well as duration of surgery, complications and surgical techniques, were collected and further analysed. The primary tumour location was thorax (n = 30), pancreas (n = 14) or unknown (n = 9). BA was performed in 37 patients. Median time from diagnosis of ECS to BA was 2 months (range 1–10 months). Thirty‐two patients received different steroidogenesis inhibitors before BA to control hypercortisolaemia. ECS resolved completely after surgery in 33 patients and severe peri‐ or postoperative complications were detected in 12 patients. There were fewer severe complications in the endoscopic group compared to open surgery (p = .030). Posterior retroperitoneoscopic BA performed simultaneously by a two surgeon approach had the shortest operating time (p = .001). Despite the frequent use of adrenolytic treatment, BA was necessary in a majority of patients to gain control over ECS. Complication rate was high, probably as a result of the combination of metastatic disease and metabolic disorders caused by high cortisol levels. The two surgeon approach BA may be considered as the method of choice in ECS compared to other BA approaches as a result of fewer complications and a shorter operating time.
Workplace violence and turnover intentions among nurses: The moderating roles of invulnerability and organisational Support – A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Cakal Huseyin , Keshavarzi Saeed , Ruhani Ali , Dakhil‐Abbasi Golnoosh 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo investigate whether internal and external violence are associated with turnover intentions among nurses during demanding periods of work.BackgroundWorkplace violence can negatively impact upon mental and physical health and turnover intentions. Research focusing on how dimensions of workplace violence, internal versus external, influence turnover intentions and the factors that mitigate these effect is lacking.MethodsAn online cross‐sectional survey of multi‐item measures was used to collect data from 462 Iranian nurses. We employed path modelling and analysed the data using SPSS and PROCESS macro. A STROBE checklist was used to report findings.ResultsBoth dimensions, internal and external, of violence were positively associated with turnover intentions. Moreover, perceived invulnerability and organisational support moderates this association. When individuals perceived invulnerability and perceived organisational support are high, internal violence is no longer indirectly related to turnover intentions via job satisfaction. In a similar vein, when perceived invulnerability and perceived organisational support are low, external violence is not related to intentions to quit. When perceived invulnerability and perceived organisational support are high, however, external violence is indirectly and negatively related to intentions to quit.ConclusionsNurses who regard themselves as invulnerable might be motivated to quit when they experience workplace violence. However, they are motivated to stay on the job when they both perceive themselves as invulnerable and the organisation as supporting.Relevance to Clinical PracticeOrganisations should reconsider their policies and approach towards workplace violence especially during periods of intensive work.
Brain FET PET tumor‐to‐white mater ratio to differentiate recurrence from post‐treatment changes in high‐grade gliomas
Authors: Puranik Ameya D. , Rangarajan Venkatesh , Dev Indraja D. , Jain Yash , Purandare Nilendu C. , Sahu Arpita , Choudhary Amitkumar , Gupta Tejpal , Chatterjee Abhishek , Moiyadi Aliasgar , Shetty Prakash , Sridhar Epari , Sahay Ayushi , Patil Vijay M. , Shah Sneha , Agrawal Archi 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTBackground and PurposeHighergrade glial neoplasms undergo standard treatment with surgery, radiotherapy, and alkylating agents. There is often a clinical/neuroimaging dilemma in the post‐treatment setting to differentiate disease recurrence from treatment‐related changes. FET (fluoro‐ethyl‐tyrosine) PET has emerged as a molecular imaging modality for cases where MR imaging is inconclusive. This study aims to develop a cutoff on FET PET for differentiating true recurrence from post‐treatment changes.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed72 patientswith post‐treatment grade 3 or 4 brain gliomas. Five to six mCi of 18F‐FET was injected and static imaging of the brain was performed at 20 min. A tumor‐to‐white matter (T/Wm) ratio was used as semiquantitative parameter. A T/Wm cutoff of 2.5 was used for image interpretation. Imaging findings were confirmed by either histopathologic diagnosis in a multidisciplinary joint clinic or based on follow‐up of clinical and neuroimaging findings.ResultsForty‐one of 72 patients (57%) showed recurrent disease on FET PET. Thirty‐five of them were confirmed to have tumor recurrence; six patients showed post‐treatment changes. Thirty‐one of 72 patients (43%) showed post‐treatment changes on FET PET; 27 were confirmed as post‐treatment change and four patients had tumor recurrence on subsequent MR imaging. An optimum T/Wm cutoff of 2.65 was derived based on receiver operating characteristic analysis with a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 87.5%.ConclusionStatic FET PET can be used as problem‐solving imaging modality with a T/Wm cutoff of 2.65 to differentiate late recurrence from post‐treatment changes in grade 3 or 4 brain gliomas with equivocal MR features.
Disseminated Rasamsonia argillacea species complex infections in 8 dogs
Authors: Dear Jonathan D. , Reagan Krystle L. , Hulsebosch Sean E. , Li Chai‐Fei , Munro Matthew John Lodge , Byrne Barbara A. , Affolter Verena K. , Wiederhold Nathan , Cañete‐Gibas Connie , Sykes Jane E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundClinical features, treatment, and outcome of opportunistic infections with Rasamsonia spp., a nonpigmented filamentous mold, are not well documented in dogs.ObjectivesDescribe clinical, radiographic, pathologic features, and outcome of dogs with disseminated Rasamsonia species complex infections.AnimalsEight client‐owned dogs.MethodsRetrospective case series. Medical records were reviewed to describe signalment, history, clinicopathologic and imaging findings, microbiologic and immunologic results, cyto‐ and histopathologic diagnoses, treatment, and outcome.ResultsPresenting complaints were nonspecific with anorexia (n = 5) and back pain (n = 4) most common. Five dogs were German Shepherd dogs. Six dogs had multifocal discospondylitis and 2 had pleural effusion. Six dogs had Rasamsonia piperina and 2 had Rasamsonia argillacea infections with isolates identified using DNA sequencing. Rasamsonia spp. were isolated by urine culture in 5 of 7 dogs. Five of 6 dogs had positive serum Aspergillus galactomannan antigen enzyme immunoassay (EIA) results. Median survival time was 82 days, and 317 days for dogs that survived to discharge. Four died during initial hospitalization (median survival, 6 days). All isolates had low minimum effective concentrations (MECs) to echinocandins with variable minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for azole antifungal drugs.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceRasamsonia spp. infections in dogs are associated with multisystemic disease involving the vertebral column, central nervous system, kidneys, spleen, lymph nodes, lungs, and heart. The infection shares clinical features with other systemic mold infections and can be misidentified when using phenotypical microbiologic methods. Molecular techniques are required to identify the organism and guide appropriate antifungal treatment.