bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Candidate Psychotropics against SARS – CoV – 2: A Narrative Review
Authors: Khosravi Mohsen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSince few therapeutic options are clinically accessible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), effective, safe, and globally available pharmaceuticals need to be urgently developed to prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and alleviate the severity of COVID-19. In this regard, the present paper is intended to provide an extensive review of the clinical and preclinical evidence on the psychotropics’ anti-SARS-CoV-2 effects, giving an insight into their potential applications for patients with a proven or high likelihood of COVID-19 pneumonia. The results showed that psychotropic drugs such as melatonin, lithium carbonate, valproate, olanzapine, quetiapine, clozapine, fluoxetine, escitalopram, fluvoxamine, and cannabidiol could help lower the mortality due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. According to these medications’ direct immunomodulatory actions against the destructive cytokine storm, as well as other direct/indirect mechanisms (e. g., the endolysosomal pathway modulation, interactions with specific receptors, and membrane fusion), it was perceived that such drugs could effectively weaken the worsened immune response and avoid adult respiratory distress syndrome and acute lung injury. According to the author’s analysis of the currently available evidence, there is significant support for psychotropics as complementary interventions during SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, further studies need to be carried out to assess the effects of the above psychotropic drugs in vitro and clinical settings.
Oxygen-enriched Air Decreases Ventilation during High-intensity Fin-swimming Underwater
Authors: Möller Fabian , Jacobi Elena , Hoffmann Uwe , Muth Thomas , Schipke Jochen D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOxygen-enriched air is commonly used in the sport of SCUBA-diving and might affect ventilation and heart rate, but little work exists for applied diving settings. We hypothesized that ventilation is decreased especially during strenuous underwater fin-swimming when using oxygen-enriched air as breathing gas. Ten physically-fit divers (age: 25±4; 5 females; 67±113 open-water dives) performed incremental underwater fin-swimming until exhaustion at 4 m water depth with either normal air or oxygen-enriched air (40% O2) in a double-blind, randomized within-subject design. Heart rate and ventilation were measured throughout the dive and maximum whole blood lactate samples were determined post-exercise. ANOVAs showed a significant effect for the factor breathing gas (F(1, 9)=7.52; P=0.023; η2
p=0.455), with a lower ventilation for oxygen-enriched air during fin-swimming velocities of 0.6 m·s−1 (P=0.032) and 0.8 m·s−1 (P=0.037). Heart rate, lactate, and time to exhaustion showed no significant differences. These findings indicate decreased ventilation by an elevated oxygen fraction in the breathing gas when fin-swimming in shallow-water submersion with high velocity (>0.5 m·s−1). Applications are within involuntary underwater exercise or rescue scenarios for all dives with limited gas supply.
Palladium-Catalyzed Butoxycarbonylation of Polybromo(hetero)arenes: A Practical Method for the Preparation of (Hetero)arenepolycarboxylates and -carboxylic Acids
Authors: Ji Baoming , Wu Weilong , Jing Yongkang , Zhang Deyi , Yan Xianghe , Liang Rong , Lu Zhiqiang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe palladium-catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation of polybromo­(hetero)arenes was investigated systematically. The results show that cheap and readily available in situ Pd(OAc)2/rac-BINAP catalyst can catalyze the butoxycarbonylation of various polybromo(hetero)arenes efficiently, and gave (hetero)arenepolycarboxylates with moderate to high yield (59–94%). Using this method, two new compounds, 4,4′-bis(butoxycarbonyl)-1,1′-bi-2-naphthol and dibutyl [2,2′-bipyrimidine]-5,5′-dicarboxylate, are reported for the first time. In addition, the gram-scale preparation of carboxylate and carboxylic acids was successful performed by butoxycarbonylation followed by hydrolysis. This shows the wide scope of substrates and practical applications of the Pd(OAc)2/rac-BINAP catalytic system. Moreover, these carboxylic acids and carboxylates can be used as ligands or structural units to construct MOFs, metal complexes, and COFs etc.
Pitch-side Acute Severe Pain Management Decisions in European Elite
Football
Authors: Doheny Maeve Claire , Bury Gerard 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis is the first study on acute severe pain management involving sport and
exercise medicine Doctors who are leaders in football medicine in their
respective countries. An online survey was designed describing the management of
acute severe pain in this expert cohort. The survey captured participant sex,
age, years working in sports medicine, core specialty and use of clinical
practice guidelines (CPGs). Finally, three clinical vignettes exploring the
management of acute pain were presented. Forty-four senior team doctors across
55 European countries completed the survey. There were no consistent guidelines
proposed, with 33 (75%) participants indicating they did not use any.
Methoxyflurane was proposed by 14 (32%) and 13 (30%)
participants for female anterior cruciate ligament rupture and male ankle
fracture, respectively. Strong opioids were not used in 17 (39%) and 6
(14%) participants regarding female cruciate injuries and male
fractures, respectively. Despite 75% of participants having paediatric
life support training, eight (18%) participants expressed uncertainty
administering medications in this population, and 15 (34%) would avoid
using strong opioids altogether. There is a tendency to undertreat pain and
avoid strong opioids for reasons including lack of monitoring equipment,
anti-doping concerns and lack of comfort treating paediatric patients with
opioids.
Strategies for the Synthesis of Selenocysteine Derivatives
Authors: Peregrina Jesús M. , Oroz Paula , Avenoza Alberto , Busto Jesús H. , Corzana Francisco , Zurbano María M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstractβ-Seleno-α-amino acids, known as selenocysteine (Sec) derivatives, have emerged as important targets because of their role in chemical biology, not only as part of selenoproteins with important redox properties, but also because of their activity as antivirals or metabolites effective in inhibiting carcinogenesis. In addition, there is demand for this type of compounds due to their use in native chemical ligation to construct large peptides. Therefore, this review summarizes the various synthetic methods that have been published to construct Sec derivatives. Most of them involve the generation of the C–Se bond by nucleophilic substitution reactions, but other reactions such as radical or multicomponent strategies are also reported. Of particular importance is the Se-Michael addition of Se-nucleophiles to chiral bicyclic dehydroalanines, in which the stereogenic center is generated under complete stereocontrol.1	Introduction2	Previously Reviewed Synthesis of Sec3	Retrosynthesis of Sec Derivatives4	Sec Derivatives by Nucleophilic Substitutions5	Sec Derivatives by Radical Processes6	Sec Derivatives by 1,4-Conjugate Additions7	Conclusion
Simple Synthesis of Complex Amines from the Diels–Alder Adducts of (–)-Cytisine
Authors: Shivanyuk Alexander , Chuyko Alexey , Dolgonos Grygoriy , Fetyukhin Volodymyr , Lukin Oleg 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Diels–Alder reaction of N-benzylcytisine with N-methyl- and N-benzylmaleimides is 100% endo-selective and gives the corresponding syn- and anti-diastereomers in 11–42% isolated yields. The studies of the reaction progress with LCMS and NMR along with detailed quantum chemical calculations revealed that some Diels–Alder adducts are kinetically and their isomers are thermodynamically controlled products. The Pd/C-catalyzed hydrogenation of benzyl-protected cytisine amine derivatives resulted in the removal of the benzyl group and the addition of hydrogen to the C=C double bond to give the corresponding secondary amines in 45–84% yield. The complete reduction of carbonyl groups in a cytisine derivative with LiAlH4 in THF under reflux afforded the respective tricyclic triamine. Quantum mechanical calculations for the mechanism of the Diels–Alder reaction between the simplest model compounds are presented.
Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy in Visceral Leishmaniasis
Authors: Rana Surinder Singh , Gupta Nalini , Sharma Ravi , Kumar Pankaj 
Published: August 2021

AbstractVisceral leishmaniasis (VL) usually presents with malaise, fever, weight loss, and hepatosplenomegaly. Lymphadenopathy is rarely reported in patients with VL from India. We report an interesting case of VL, presenting with malaise, fever and weight loss along with isolated mediastinal lymphadenopathy and mimicked tuberculosis. Absence of spleen because of previous splenectomy for symptomatic portal hypertension led to difficulty in establishing the correct diagnosis that was eventually established by endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA).
Inadvertent Right Ventricle Perforation by Temporary Pacemaker Lead: A Case Report Requiring Surgical Exploration
Authors: Jangid Surendra , Das Devishree , Choudhury Minati 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRight ventricle perforation by pacemaker lead is rare but a life-threatening complication. It may present acutely within few hours of pacemaker implantation as hemopericardium, dreaded cardiac tamponade, leading to acute hemodynamic deterioration; even death, if not address immediately. At times, it presents gradually with progressive decline in hemodynamic and requires surgical exploration.The authors report a case of 51-year old female whose hemodynamic worsens gradually after temporary pacemaker implantation, requiring surgical exploration.
Perspectives about Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure from Mothers of Premature Infants
Authors: Colvin Bryanne N. , Parker Margaret G. , Hwang Sunah S. , Forbes Emma S. , Brown Kyria , Colson Eve R. 
Published: August 2021

Objective The study aimed to better understand the perceptions of mothers of preterm infants regarding smoking behaviors and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure using qualitative methodology.
Study Design Using a Grounded Theory approach, we conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews with mothers of preterm infants, both smokers and nonsmokers. Using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as a conceptual framework for our questions, we conducted and analyzed interviews until theoretical saturation was reached. Analysis included an iterative coding process resulting in theme development.
Results Our key themes aligned with the TPB domains of attitudes, perceived control, and social norms. Regarding attitudes, mothers expressed that smoking was bad for their infants and that preterm infants were more vulnerable than term infants. Regarding perceived control, mothers commented on their perceived ability to avoid ETS exposure with subthemes including strategies utilized to mitigate ETS exposure risk. Some mothers expressed difficulty avoiding ETS exposure, for example, when residing in high-density housing. Regarding perceived social norms, mothers whose family and friends were nonsmokers expressed ease avoiding ETS, while mothers whose family and friends were smokers expressed more difficulty avoiding ETS.
Conclusion Mothers used a variety of behaviors within the domains of the TPB to reduce ETS exposures in their preterm infants which can inform future neonatal intensive care unit-based interventional strategies.
Key Points
A Comparison of Costoclavicular Block and Interscalene Block for Pain Relief after Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery
Authors: Pradhan Kamalakanta , Jayasingh Sarat Chandra , Nanda Sikata , Routray Sidharth Sraban 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Introduction Interscalene block (ISB) is commonly used for efficient pain relief after arthroscopic shoulder surgery. But, it is linked with a greater occurrence of unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis (UDP). This may add to patient dissatisfaction and also may not be tolerated well by patients having respiratory diseases. We have compared the efficacy of costoclavicular block (CCB) with ISB for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery.
Materials and Methods Fifty patients were divided into two groups of 25 each (ISB or CCB group). In total, 20 mL of 0.5% levobupivacaine along with 4 mg of dexamethasone as adjuvant was used during both ultrasound-guided ISB and CCB. Numerical rating scale (NRS) scores for pain were assessed at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours in postoperative period. The mean onset time of block, time of first painkiller demand, total painkiller demand for 24 hours postoperatively, patient wellbeing, incidence of UDP, and any other complications were recorded.
Results NRS pain scores in both groups at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours were comparable. (p > 0.05) Mean onset time of block was earlier in ISB group contrary to CCB group (p < 0.05). There was higher occurrence of UDP in ISB group contrary to CCB group (p < 0.05). There was no notable variation regarding the time of first painkiller demand and total painkiller demand in the first 24 hours. Patients were more satisfied in CCB group contrary to ISB group.
Conclusion As CCB provided equivalent analgesia in postoperative period like ISB without any risk of UDP, it can be a better substitute to ISB for pain relief in arthroscopic shoulder surgery.
Spatial and temporal dynamics of a supersonic mixing layer with a blunt base
Authors: Li Lantian , Li Hao 
Published: August 2021

A supersonic mixing layer with a blunt base is of practical significance to engineering. Two flow configurations with splitter thicknesses of 1 mm (TN) and 5 mm (TK) are simulated using large eddy simulation. The cluster-based network model (CNM) projects the supersonic mixing layer into a ten-centroid based low-dimensional dynamical system. The CNM’s outputs of TN and TK cases are compared in order to better understand the spatial and temporal physics. The given baseline case (TN) demonstrates a quasi-steady dynamics with a periodic visit between ten centroids. Each cluster occupies a nearly uniform space region and is also populated with equal probability. The CNM identifies ten centroids associated with these two flow regimes observed in the TK case: Kelvin–Helmholtz vortex and vortex pairing. According to the resolved centroids, increasing the thickness of the splitter plate complicates the flow structures and expands the high-dimensional state space. The CNM presents probable state transitions, revealing that the temporal dynamics in the whole field exhibits highly intermittent behaviors, with large shape modifications but small fluctuations in turbulent kinetic energy. In the near-wake field, the reattachment point and shock wave behave similarly that they move downstream and upstream alternatively. The blunt base supersonic mixing layer, in aggregate, increases the turbulent kinetic energy by 20.5%.
Evolution and seed dormancy shape plant genotypic structure through a successional cycle
Authors: Agrawal Anurag A. , Hastings Amy P. , Maron John L. 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Studies that experimentally examine evolution have provided critical insight in biology. Indeed, rigorous and replicated laboratory experiments have revealed parallel evolution and have proved essential to understanding evolutionary processes. Nonetheless, a typical limitation of such work is the lack of ecological realism. We report on a decade-long field experiment with a native plant (common evening primrose) that advances our understanding of how populations adapt to environmental change. In particular, we address whether the common strategy of seed dormancy significantly alters the evolutionary trajectory of populations. We find that population genetic diversity is restored following a period of sustained dormancy. Nonetheless, the impact of past natural selection persisted under some conditions.
The strength of the Earth’s magnetic field from Pre-Pottery to Pottery Neolithic, Jordan
Authors: Di Chiara Anita , Tauxe Lisa , Levy Thomas E. , Najjar Mohammad , Florindo Fabio , Ben-Yosef Erez 
Published: August 2021

SignificanceThe Earth’s magnetic field has changed significantly in the past with implications for related phenomena, such as deep-Earth processes and evolution of life. Accurate datasets of its past behavior also provide a dating tool. We present data from Neolithic ceramics and flint from Jordan. Our results are among the oldest in the Levant, covering a period of major changes in human history. The data help in refining the resolution of the archaeomagnetic curve, in turn enhancing its use as a dating tool and for understanding past field behavior. Moreover, we demonstrate the potential for the use of flint material, the most common raw material for the manufacturing of tools in the entire Paleolithic and younger periods, for archaeointensity investigations.
Global range expansion history of pepper (Capsicumspp.) revealed by over 10,000 genebank accessions
Authors: Tripodi Pasquale , Rabanus-Wallace Mark Timothy , Barchi Lorenzo , Kale Sandip , Esposito Salvatore , Acquadro Alberto , Schafleitner Roland , van Zonneveld Maarten , Prohens Jaime , Diez Maria José , Börner Andreas , Salinier Jérémy , Caromel Bernard , Bovy Arnaud , Boyaci Filiz , Pasev Gancho , Brandt Ronny , Himmelbach Axel , Portis Ezio , Finkers Richard , Lanteri Sergio , Paran Ilan , Lefebvre Véronique , Giuliano Giovanni , Stein Nils 
Published: August 2021

SignificanceThis study provides a deep population genomic analysis of 10,000Capsicumaccessions held in genebanks and representing a frame of the global diversity of the genus. By combining single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) based data and passport information, we investigated the genomic diversity and population structure of wild and domesticated peppers, tracing back to routes of evolution and providing a model ofCapsicum annuumdistribution, which reflects human trade and historical/cultural influences. Our results highlight west–east routes of expansion, shedding light on the links between South and Mesoamerica, Africa, and East/South Asia, the latter two constituting important diversification centers of pepper diversity. Finally, we outline a roadmap for genebank management and future direction for better exploitation of germplasm resources.
Detecting Pb2+ by a ‘turn-on’ fluorescence sensor based on DNA functionalized magnetic nanocomposites
Authors: Li Jiayi , Jin Yu , Wang Yaoqiang , Zhao Yilin , Su Haijia 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Sensitive and selective detection of the lead ion (Pb2+) plays an important role in terms of both human health and environmental protection, as the heavy metal is fairly ubiquitous and highly toxic. The highly stable fluorescence biosensor is composed of Fe3O4@TiO2 core–shell nanocomposites, functionalized with a carboxyl fluorescein labeled DNA. The morphology, physical and chemical properties of the sensing nanomaterials were studied by transmission electron microscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy (FT-IR), x-ray powder diffraction and vibrating sample magnetometer. UV–visible and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to characterize the fluorescein functionalized magnetic nanoparticles. The performance of Pb2+ detection displayed an excellent linearity (R
2 = 0.995) in the range of 10−10 to 5 × 10−9 ppm with a detection limit of 10−10 ppm, based on the optimization of the fabrication process and aptamers’ specification. The fluorescence biosensor has an accurate response, excellent recoveries and high adsorbent capacities. It was successfully applied for the determination of Pb2+ in contaminated water and serum samples; the detection of limit in both media were 10−10 ppm. These features ensure the potential use of aptamer functionalized magnetic nanocomposites as a new class of non-toxic biocompatible sensors for biological and environmental applications.
Effect of Thai Silk Fibroin on Mechanical Properties of Bioactive Glass Silk Fibroin Hybrid Bone Scaffolds
Authors: Vejpongsa Ayuth , Thongnuek Peerapat 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Bioactive glass (70 mol% Si and 30% Ca; 70S30C) has been used as tissue engineering scaffolds in various research despite its brittleness due to its easy-to-replicate formula, extensive interconnected pores and natural bone bonding property of bioactive glass (BG). Thai silk fibroin (SF) is natural polymer with many desirable properties; biocompatibility, mechanical strength, biodegradability. Using BG-SF hybrid scaffolds could employ the positive effects of both bioactive glass and silk fibroin. Serving as bone scaffolds, BG-SF scaffolds must resist compression and other types of mechanical load depending on the application. This study fabricates scaffolds with various ratios of BG:SF (BG:SF; 90:10, 80:20 with 100:0 as control), and their stress-strain profiles were investigated. As expected, the scaffolds with highest BG content exhibited the curve resembling that of porous foam while the elastomeric stress-strain profile was becoming more evident when the SF content was increased. This study hence demonstrated fine-tuning mechanical properties of the BG using locally enriched SF.
Multi-criteria Flood Susceptibility Assessment Using Remote Sensing and GIS-based Approaches in Chi River Basin, Thailand
Authors: Sakmongkoljit K , Homtong N , Surakotra N , Silaratana N 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The flood susceptibility map is a comprehensive resource for forecasting and preventing floods worldwide, particularly where floods occur on a regular basis, which is missing in numerous developing-country basins. The recurring flood hazard in Thailand is an endless problem as there is still a lack of understanding of the underlying causative factors. This research provides an answer of certain flood-causative parameters and the effects on flood susceptibility in Chi River Basin (CRB), Thailand, using an Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) method. As the result, total of seven hydrogeomorphological parameters can be ranked by its influence on flood hazard in the CRB, as follows, the distance from the river, elevation, geology, soil type, land use, drainage density, and geomorphology, respectively. Combination of all flood-causative parameters based on their weights and ranks provided the flood susceptibility map. The map was evaluated as accurate relative to previous satellite-based flood maps using a binary classification test, providing a robust flood susceptibility map. The findings of this work have contributed to a decent understanding of the present problem of floods in the CRB in the context of its actual causes, which is beneficial for a water management scheme.