bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expansive and Diverse Phenotypic Landscape of FieldAedes aegypti(Diptera: Culicidae) Larvae with Differential Susceptibility to Temephos: Beyond Metabolic Detoxification
Authors: Morgan Jasmine , Salcedo-Sora J Enrique , Triana-Chavez Omar , Strode Clare 
Published: October 2021

AbstractArboviruses including dengue, Zika, and chikungunya are amongst the most significant public health concerns worldwide. Arbovirus control relies on the use of insecticides to control the vector mosquito Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus), the success of which is threatened by widespread insecticide resistance. The work presented here profiled the gene expression of Ae. aegypti larvae from field populations of Ae. aegypti with differential susceptibility to temephos originating from two Colombian urban locations, Bello and Cúcuta, previously reported to have distinctive disease incidence, socioeconomics, and climate. We demonstrated that an exclusive field-to-lab (Ae. aegypti strain New Orleans) comparison generates an over estimation of differential gene expression (DGE) and that the inclusion of a geographically relevant field control yields a more discrete, and likely, more specific set of genes. The composition of the obtained DGE profiles is varied, with commonly reported resistance associated genes including detoxifying enzymes having only a small representation. We identify cuticle biosynthesis, ion exchange homeostasis, an extensive number of long noncoding RNAs, and chromatin modelling among the differentially expressed genes in field resistant Ae. aegypti larvae. It was also shown that temephos resistant larvae undertake further gene expression responses when temporarily exposed to temephos. The results from the sampling triangulation approach here contribute a discrete DGE profiling with reduced noise that permitted the observation of a greater gene diversity, increasing the number of potential targets for the control of insecticide resistant mosquitoes and widening our knowledge base on the complex phenotypic network of the Ae. aegypti response to insecticides.
Selective Host Attachment byIxodes scapularis(Acari: Ixodidae): Tick–Lizard Associations in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Ginsberg Howard S , Hickling Graham J , Pang Genevieve , Tsao Jean I , Fitzgerald Meghan , Ross Breann , Rulison Eric L , Burke Russell L 
Published: October 2021

AbstractQuesting behavior and host associations of immature blacklegged ticks, Ixodes scapularis Say, from the southeastern United States are known to differ from those in the north. To elucidate these relationships we describe host associations of larval and nymphal I. scapularis from 8 lizard species sampled from 5 sites in the southeastern U.S. Larvae and nymphs attached in greater numbers to larger lizards than to smaller lizards, with differential levels of attachment to different lizard species. Blacklegged ticks are generally attached to skinks of the genus Plestiodon in greater numbers per unit lizard weight than to anoles (Anolis) or fence lizards (Sceloporus). The broad-headed skink, Plestiodon laticeps (Schneider), was a particularly important host for immature I. scapularis in our study and in several previous studies of tick–host associations in the southeast. Blacklegged ticks show selective attachment to Plestiodon lizard hosts in the southeast, but whether this results from behavioral host preferences or from ecological factors such as timing or microhabitat distributions of tick questing and host activity remains to be determined.
Linking Organizational Capacity and Performance: The Case of Probation and Medicaid Reform in California Counties
Authors: Koerner Aeric A H , Johnston Jocelyn M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This article examines whether and how the capacity of a street-level organization moderates its ability to perform effectively in the context of a public program reform. We use the case of California probation departments during the phased implementation of the state’s Low-Income Health Program, a major Medicaid reform that offered critical new services for many probation citizens/clients, namely, mental health and substance abuse treatment. We exploit six years of monthly California county-level probation department data to conduct quasi-experimental difference-in-differences analyses. Results indicate that in those counties that had activated the reform, probation departments with greater capacity achieved higher rates of probation completion success when compared to departments with lower capacity. The analysis implies that organizations improved most when departments benefitted from a combination of reform-generated resources and more robust organizational capacity.
Fistulating diverticular disease masquerading as a peri-anal abscess: a laparoscopic approach to management
Authors: Schmidt Emily , Corbitt Matthew , Kulendran Krish , Ruggiero Boris 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We present a rare case of complicated sigmoid diverticulitis presenting as a peri-anal abscess from an extra-sphincteric fistulous tract. This presentation of a colocutaneous peri-anal abscess is extremely rare, with only a handful of cases described in the literature. Most are managed with an open sigmoid colectomy, however, this case was successfully managed laparoscopically. It highlights the need to consider extra-levator causes of peri-anal abscess, such as pelvic sepsis causing fistulating disease, and to consider early magnetic resonance imaging if there is clinical suspicion of underlying pathology. It also demonstrates that a safe and potentially less morbid outcome is possible via laparoscopic approach when compared to traditional open surgical approach.
Casualties of the Spanish Army in Cuba During the “Long War” of 1868-1878
Authors: Nieves J Edwin , Pace April Adams 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Spanish continental soldiers were ill prepared for the environmental conditions they encountered in the first of three wars for Cuban independence. The disease fatality rate was over 80% with yellow fever the most prevalent disease. Another 7% of these soldiers died in battle or from their combat wounds.
Ideafix: a decision tree-based method for the refinement of variants in FFPE DNA sequencing data
Authors: Tellaetxe-Abete Maitena , Calvo Borja , Lawrie Charles 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Increasingly, treatment decisions for cancer patients are being made from next-generation sequencing results generated from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) biopsies. However, this material is prone to sequence artefacts that cannot be easily identified. In order to address this issue, we designed a machine learning-based algorithm to identify these artefacts using data from &gt;1 600 000 variants from 27 paired FFPE and fresh-frozen breast cancer samples. Using these data, we assembled a series of variant features and evaluated the classification performance of five machine learning algorithms. Using leave-one-sample-out cross-validation, we found that XGBoost (extreme gradient boosting) and random forest obtained AUC (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) values &gt;0.86. Performance was further tested using two independent datasets that resulted in AUC values of 0.96, whereas a comparison with previously published tools resulted in a maximum AUC value of 0.92. The most discriminating features were read pair orientation bias, genomic context and variant allele frequency. In summary, our results show a promising future for the use of these samples in molecular testing. We built the algorithm into an R package called Ideafix (DEAmination FIXing) that is freely available at https://github.com/mmaitenat/ideafix.
Quantifying the tissue-specific regulatory information within enhancer DNA sequences
Authors: Benner Philipp , Vingron Martin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Recent efforts to measure epigenetic marks across a wide variety of different cell types and tissues provide insights into the cell type-specific regulatory landscape. We use these data to study whether there exists a correlate of epigenetic signals in the DNA sequence of enhancers and explore with computational methods to what degree such sequence patterns can be used to predict cell type-specific regulatory activity. By constructing classifiers that predict in which tissues enhancers are active, we are able to identify sequence features that might be recognized by the cell in order to regulate gene expression. While classification performances vary greatly between tissues, we show examples where our classifiers correctly predict tissue-specific regulation from sequence alone. We also show that many of the informative patterns indeed harbor transcription factor footprints.
ParsVNN: parsimony visible neural networks for uncovering cancer-specific and drug-sensitive genes and pathways
Authors: Huang Xiaoqing , Huang Kun , Johnson Travis , Radovich Milan , Zhang Jie , Ma Jianzhu , Wang Yijie 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Prediction of cancer-specific drug responses as well as identification of the corresponding drug-sensitive genes and pathways remains a major biological and clinical challenge. Deep learning models hold immense promise for better drug response predictions, but most of them cannot provide biological and clinical interpretability. Visible neural network (VNN) models have emerged to solve the problem by giving neurons biological meanings and directly casting biological networks into the models. However, the biological networks used in VNNs are often redundant and contain components that are irrelevant to the downstream predictions. Therefore, the VNNs using these redundant biological networks are overparameterized, which significantly limits VNNs’ predictive and explanatory power. To overcome the problem, we treat the edges and nodes in biological networks used in VNNs as features and develop a sparse learning framework ParsVNN to learn parsimony VNNs with only edges and nodes that contribute the most to the prediction task. We applied ParsVNN to build cancer-specific VNN models to predict drug response for five different cancer types. We demonstrated that the parsimony VNNs built by ParsVNN are superior to other state-of-the-art methods in terms of prediction performance and identification of cancer driver genes. Furthermore, we found that the pathways selected by ParsVNN have great potential to predict clinical outcomes as well as recommend synergistic drug combinations.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Outpatient Antibiotic Prescriptions in Ontario, Canada; An Interrupted Time Series Analysis
Authors: Kitano Taito , Brown Kevin A , Daneman Nick , MacFadden Derek R , Langford Bradley J , Leung Valerie , So Miranda , Leung Elizabeth , Burrows Lori , Manuel Douglas , Bowdish Dawn M E , Maxwell Colleen J , Bronskill Susan E , Brooks James I , Schwartz Kevin L 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has potentially impacted outpatient antibiotic prescribing. Investigating this impact may identify stewardship opportunities in the ongoing COVID-19 period and beyond.MethodsWe conducted an interrupted time series analysis on outpatient antibiotic prescriptions and antibiotic prescriptions/patient visits in Ontario, Canada, between January 2017 and December 2020 to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on population-level antibiotic prescribing by prescriber specialty, patient demographics, and conditions.ResultsIn the evaluated COVID-19 period (March–December 2020), there was a 31.2% (95% CI, 27.0% to 35.1%) relative reduction in total antibiotic prescriptions. Total outpatient antibiotic prescriptions decreased during the COVID-19 period by 37.1% (95% CI, 32.5% to 41.3%) among family physicians, 30.7% (95% CI, 25.8% to 35.2%) among subspecialist physicians, 12.1% (95% CI, 4.4% to 19.2%) among dentists, and 25.7% (95% CI, 21.4% to 29.8%) among other prescribers. Antibiotics indicated for respiratory infections decreased by 43.7% (95% CI, 38.4% to 48.6%). Total patient visits and visits for respiratory infections decreased by 10.7% (95% CI, 5.4% to 15.6%) and 49.9% (95% CI, 43.1% to 55.9%). Total antibiotic prescriptions/1000 visits decreased by 27.5% (95% CI, 21.5% to 33.0%), while antibiotics indicated for respiratory infections/1000 visits with respiratory infections only decreased by 6.8% (95% CI, 2.7% to 10.8%).ConclusionsThe reduction in outpatient antibiotic prescribing during the COVID-19 pandemic was driven by less antibiotic prescribing for respiratory indications and largely explained by decreased visits for respiratory infections.
Severe dyslipidemia associated with diabetic ketoacidosis in newly diagnosed female of type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Chreitah Ahmad , Hijazia Kheria , Doya Leen , Salloum Alaa 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is considered as a serious complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus in pediatrics. Severe dyslipidemia in DKA is a rare eventuality.
We report on a 10-year-old female presented with severe DKA. The serum was lipemic with severe hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia. Laboratory workup: the values of glycemia, sodium and HbA1c were misleading; a method of dilution was used to obtain the correct values. Triglyceride and cholesterol returned gradually to normal levels only with the management of DKA without any complication.
Mild dyslipidemia is a common feature in DKA, but severe dyslipidemia is a very rare event whose pathophysiology is not completely elucidated. It needs close surveillance because it might be responsible for acute pancreatitis and lipidemia retinalis.
Herpes simplex esophagitis in an immunocompetent host: a case report
Authors: Upadhaya Regmi Binit , Subedi Ram Chandra , Mandal Sujit Kumar , Kunwar Shova , Karki Binod 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Esophagitis caused by Herpes Simplex virus is a well-recognized opportunistic infection in the immunocompromised or severely ill host. However, it is uncommon in otherwise immunocompetent host. It usually responds well to a course of acyclovir. We report a case of young female without any other immunocompromised state who presented with severe dysphagia. She was diagnosed endoscopically and later with histopathology and recovered well after a course of acyclovir.
Meningitis retention syndrome associated with complicated mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with reversible splenial lesion in a young adult patient: a case report
Authors: Hidaka Masaoki , Sawamura Natsuki , Yokoi Mio , Mezuki Satomi , Osaki Masato , Arakawa Shuji , Akiyama Tomoaki , Yamaguchi Shinya , Sayama Tetsuro , Kitazono Takanari 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Meningitis retention syndrome (MRS), comprising aseptic meningitis and urinary retention, is a self-limiting disease that resolves within a few weeks. Refractory urinary retention and encephalitic syndromes are rare. A 32-year-old man presented with acute fever and headache followed by acute urinary retention (UT). Neurological examination revealed meningeal irritation, UT, constipation and ataxic gait. The cerebrospinal fluid showed mononuclear leukocytosis, and the etiological examination was negative. We suspected MRS. However, magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated an abnormally intense lesion in the splenium of the corpus callosum (SCC). He also developed delirium on day 4 of hospitalization. We diagnosed the patient with MRS associated with mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion (MERS). While his delirium and constipation improved, and the SCC lesion disappeared, UT was refractory and required 6 months to complete recovery. Our case suggests that severe MRS can exhibit refractory UT and may associate with MERS.
Sarcoidosis with secondary recurrent right-sided chylothorax and chylous ascites in a Caucasian male patient
Authors: Jagannathan Sujaay Hari , Winn Caleb M , Nayar Arun P , Koussa Ghassan J , Brenner Carol A 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Sarcoidosis is a rare multisystem autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of non-caseating granulomas in involved organs. We report a novel case of a 61-year-old Caucasian male with sarcoidosis presenting with recurrent chylothorax and chylous ascites. Pleural and ascitic fluid analysis revealed high triglyceride levels, consistent with chylothorax and chylous ascites, respectively. Common etiologies of chylous fluid such as thoracic duct surgical trauma, malignancy and infection were all excluded. Sarcoidosis was confirmed by the presence of non-caseating granulomas on a mediastinal lymph node biopsy. Conservative treatment with low-fat diet, prednisone, octreotide and multiple thoracenteses failed to effectively resolve the chylothorax. Surgical interventions with pleurodesis and thoracic duct ligation were performed, leading to the complete resolution of the chylous effusion and ascites.
Engineering of layered metal dichalcogenides: introducing imperfections to make it perfect
Authors: Basu Parbati , Chatterjee Kuntal 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn the past decade, the surge in research of layered metal dichalcogenides (LMDs) has already demonstrated the tremendous potentiality of this particular category of materials towards technology. But in parallel, it is also established that to make them technology-perfect meticulous engineering to impose ‘imperfections’ within the materials is inevitable. So exploring different LMD with inexorable and appropriate engineering techniques for the enhancement of their functionality is the burning issue for materials scientists. This review comprehensively focuses on different pathways of introducing ‘imperfections’ within various LMDs, mainly by engineering the thickness, morphology, defect, doping and phase. Based on recent progress thickness and shape engineering of LMDs have been discussed with their success and modulation by defect has been examined in detail. Doping and phase engineering of LMDs have also been illustrated with the light of development till now. Finally, challenges and opportunities associated with this research direction are highlighted.
5 Extremely Low Gestational Age Neonates and Resuscitation: Perspectives of Canadian Neonatologists
Authors: Wood Stacie , Cheng Anita , Coughlin Kevin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Primary Subject area
Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine

Background
Resuscitation care planning for extremely low gestational age neonates (ELGANs) continues to be one of the most complex, ethically charged areas within paediatrics.

Objectives
This study sought to determine the current attitudes and practices of neonatologists in Canada, and to assess the moral distress associated with resuscitation decisions in the ELGAN population and current practices in an era of improved neonatal outcomes. It also aimed to explore the perspectives of adopting a shared decision-making approach, where further data with regard to best interests and prognosis are gathered in an individualized manner.

Design/Methods
This was a descriptive study employing an electronic survey constructed in REDCap®. The survey was distributed to neonatologists working in Level III NICUs across Canada and responses were collected from March to May 2020.

Results
65 total survey responses were received. 78% of neonatologists expressed at least some moral distress when parents request non-resuscitation between 24 weeks 0 days and 24 weeks 6 days. Prognostic uncertainty with regard to individualized long-term outcome in an era with increased chances of morbidity-free survival was the most prominent factor identified as contributing to moral distress. 70% felt they would feel less moral distress deciding about goals of care after assessing the baby’s response to an initial trial of resuscitation at birth, and preferred an individualized approach to palliation decisions based on postnatal course and assessment, rather than making the decision based primarily on gestational age.

Conclusion
While most current practices support the option of non-resuscitation for infants born at less than 25 weeks, there is growing evidence of moral distress among Canadian neonatologists that suggests the consideration of resuscitation at 24 weeks and above is a more realistic approach in the current era of improved outcomes. Furthermore, our results suggest that Canadian neonatologists are ethically more comfortable developing plans for care postnatally, with more evidence to support prognostication, instead of antenatally, based solely on gestational age.
7 Efficacy of Pharmacologic Therapy for Patent Ductus Arteriosus Closure in Preterm Newborns According to Their Gestational Age-Specific Z-Score for Birth Weight
Authors: Srivastava Ankur , Soraisham Amuchou , Murthy Prashanth , Kaur Sharandeep , Kamaluddeen Majeeda , Thomas Sumesh , Stritzke Amelie , Al-Awad Essa , Mohammad Khorshid 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Primary Subject area
Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine

Background
Preterm infants who are also intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) experience more frequent and earlier hemodynamic consequences of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). This may be related to altered levels of prostaglandins or altered number or sensitivity of their receptors in IGUR infants. Few studies have examined the efficacy of pharmacologic therapy (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs]: indomethacin, ibuprofen, or acetaminophen) for PDA closure among preterm infants based on their degree of IUGR with differing results.

Objectives
Primary: To determine if the degree of IUGR [defined by birth weight (BW) z-score] affects the efficacy of pharmacologic PDA closure and rate of surgical PDA ligation in preterm infants. Secondary: To compare the side effects of NSAIDs and neonatal outcomes based on the severity of IUGR.

Design/Methods
This retrospective cohort study included infants of &lt; 30 weeks’ GA, admitted to a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) between 2010 and 2018, with hemodynamically significant PDA and treated with NSAIDs. Infants with major congenital anomalies, those who received prophylactic Indomethacin and those who died in the first 48 hours were excluded. Birth weight (BW) z-scores were calculated using Olsen nomograms and classified into 3 categories: z-score &gt; −0.5 (normal), z-score −0.5 to −2.0 (mild to moderate growth restriction), z-score &lt;−2 (severe IUGR). We compared responses to NSAID treatment and PDA ligation. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to examine the association of BW z-score and response to pharmacological therapy and subsequent surgical PDA ligation.

Results
Of the 1511 eligible infants, 769 (51%) had a diagnosis of PDA. Of 517 included infants, 323 (62.5%) had BW z-score &gt;− 0.5, while 154 (29.8%) had z-scores − 0.5 to −2.0 and 40 (7.7%) had z-score &lt; −2. Table 1 shows their demographic characteristics. Efficacy of first course of NSAIDs was not different among these birth weight groups (Table 2). There was no difference in the side effects and neonatal morbidities amongst the three groups (Table 2). Multivariate logistic regression analysis after controlling for GA, gender, antenatal steroids, C-section, and SNAP II showed that the odds of PDA ligation was significantly higher among infants with BW z-score &lt; −2 (aOR 2.68, 95% CI 1.13- 6.36) but not among infants with z-score −0.5 to−2.0 (aOR 1.41, 95% CI 0.84, 2.39) as compared to z-score &gt;-0.5.

Conclusion
Preterm severe IUGR infants with z-score &lt; −2 have an associated increased risk of PDA ligation following pharmacologic treatment as compared to normally grown infants.