bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controllable preparation of microtips array on (100) crystal plane of single‐crystal lanthanum hexaboride ceramic
Authors: Zhou Ning , Zhang Xin , Zhang Wei , Liu Hongliang , Li Yuancheng , Liu Yanqin , Guo Fangtong , Lu Qingmei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSingle‐crystal lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6) is a functional ceramic with a low work function, strong resistance to ion bombardment, reasonable conductivity, and low evaporation rate. This study explored the use of a femtosecond laser combined with electrochemical etching to prepare a microtips array on the (100) crystal plane of a single‐crystal LaB6 ceramic. The ablation threshold of single‐crystal LaB6, processed using a femtosecond laser, was studied in addition to the microstructure and field emission properties of the sample. The study results proved that selecting a peak laser fluence F0 of 9.9 J/cm2 could help avoid the thermal ablation of the microtips array. The phase, crystal structure, and elemental composition of the microtips array on the single‐crystal LaB6 were unchanged. The prepared microtips array of a field emitter had a curvature radius, height, and minimum spacing of 0.4, 8, and 20 μm, respectively. The field emission test results showed that the starting electric field strength and field‐emission current density were 2.45 V/μm and 2.07 A/cm2, respectively, when the applied electric field strength was 5.2 V/μm. In addition, the field enhancement factor was 1493, indicating an excellent field emission stability.
Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities and synergism with florfenicol from the essential oils of Lippia sidoides and Cymbopogon citratus against Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Felix e Silva Altiery , Pires Isabelle C. , da Costa Mateus M. , Melo José F. B. , Lorenzo Vitor P. , de Melo Fúlvio V. S. T. , Copatti Carlos E. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aims
Aeromonas hydrophila is an opportunistic bacterium, with a high capacity for biofilm production, which can cause severe damage in aquaculture. The objective of this study was to identify the chemical compounds of the essential oils of Lippia sidoides (EOLS) and Cymbopogon citratus (EOCC), and to evaluate the biocidal, antibiofilm and synergistic action with the antimicrobial florfenicol of these essential oils (EOs) against A. hydrophila.

Methods and Results
The antibacterial activity of EOLS and EOCC was verified by the minimum bactericidal concentration and by the action of these EOs against both forming and consolidated biofilms. The synergistic activity of EOs with florfenicol was performed using the checkerboard technique. The main component of EOLS and EOCC was carvacrol (44.50%) and α-citral (73.56%), respectively. Both EOs showed weak inhibitory activity (≥3125.00 µg ml−1). Two bacterial isolates were able to produce biofilm, and EOLS and EOCC acted upon the bacterial isolates to prevent biofilm formation. A bactericidal effect was verified for EOLS in the previously consolidated biofilm for both isolates and for EOCC in only one of the isolates. In general, EOLS had a synergistic effect with florfenicol, while EOCF had an additive effect.

Conclusions
Both EOs were able to interfere with biofilm formation and did not have an antagonistic effect in combination with florfenicol. The best results were found for EOLS, which showed a synergistic effect with florfenicol and the ability to interfere in the formation of consolidated biofilm.

Significance and Impact of the Study
This study highlights the potential of EOLS and EOCC to interfere in biofilm and act in synergy with florfenicol to reduce the occurrence of A. hydrophila. Development of these compounds may contribute to the development of herbal medicines in aquaculture.
Functional fermented meat products with probiotics—A review
Authors: Munekata Paulo E. S. , Pateiro Mirian , Tomasevic Igor , Domínguez Rubén , da Silva Barretto Andrea C. , Santos Eva M. , Lorenzo José M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Fermentation has been an important strategy in the preservation of foods. The use of starter cultures with probiotic activity has gained the attention of researchers to produce functional fermented meat products. This review aims to overview the main strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats of fermented meat products with probiotics. Fermented meat products can be considered as a relevant matrix for the delivery of probiotics with potential health benefits. Moreover, fermented meat products produced by traditional methods are sources of probiotics that can be explored in the production of functional meat products. However, some barriers are limit the progression with these products: the complex selection process to obtain new and tailored probiotic strains, the current perception of healthiness associated with meat and meat products, and the limited application of probiotic to fermented sausages. Promising opportunities to improve the value of functional fermented meat products have been developed by exploring new meat products as functional fermented foods, improving the protection of probiotics with microencapsulation and improving the quality of meat product (reducing nitrate and nitrate salts, adding dietary fibre, and exploring the inherent antioxidant and cardioprotective activity of meat products). Attention to potential threats is also indicated such as the unclear future changes in meat and meat products consumption due to changes in consumer preferences and the presence of competitors (dairy, fruit and vegetable-based products, for instance) in more advanced stages of development and commercialization.

Significance and Impact of Study
This review provides an overview of the Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats related to the development of functional fermented meat products with probiotics. Internal and external factors that explain the current scenario and strategies to advance the production are highlighted.
Systematic proteomics analysis of lysine acetylation reveals critical features of placental proteins in pregnant women with preeclampsia
Authors: Shangguan Yu , Wang Yinglan , Shi Wei , Guo Ruonan , Zeng Zhipeng , Hu Wenlong , Cai Wanxia , Yan Qiang , Xu Yong , Tang Donge , Dai Yong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPreeclampsia (PE) is a dangerous hypertensive disorder that occurs during pregnancy. The specific aetiology and pathogenesis of PE have yet to be clarified. To better reveal the specific pathogenesis of PE, we characterized the proteome and acetyl proteome (acetylome) profile of placental tissue from PE and normal‐term pregnancy by label‐free quantification proteomics technology and PRM analysis. In this research, 373 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified by proteome analysis. Functional enrichment analysis revealed significant enrichment of DEPs related to angiogenesis and the immune system. COL12A1, C4BPA and F13A1 may be potential biomarkers for PE diagnosis and new therapeutic targets. Additionally, 700 Kac sites were identified on 585 differentially acetylated proteins (DAPs) by acetylome analyses. These DAPs may participate in the occurrence and development of PE by affecting the complement and coagulation cascades pathway, which may have important implications for better understand the pathogenesis of PE. In conclusion, this study systematically analysed the reveals critical features of placental proteins in pregnant women with PE, providing a resource for exploring the contribution of lysine acetylation modification to PE.
Overexpression of methyltransferase‐like 3 and 14 in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wu Shuangjiang , Makeudom Anupong , Sun Xingwang , Li Xiabin , Xu Duo , Sastraruji Thanapat , Lumbikananda Narong , Buranaphatthana Worakanya , Krisanaprakornkit Suttichai 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to determine expressions of methyltransferase‐like 3 (METTL3) and METTL14, two enzymes essential for mRNA methylation at the adenosine (m6A), in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to investigate in vitro aggressiveness of their aberrant expressions.MethodsMETTL3 and METTL14 expressions in 50 OSCC and 11 normal oral tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry. METTL3 and METTL14 expressions and m6A amounts were determined in three OSCC cell lines, including HN5, HN6, and HN15. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were studied by BrdU, wound healing, and Transwell chamber assays, after silencing of METTL3, METTL14, or both by siRNA transfection.ResultsImmunostaining of METTL3 and METTL14 was localized in cancer cell nuclei. The mean percentages of METTL3‐ and METTL14‐positive cells were significantly increased in OSCC tissues (p < 0.001). The percentages of METTL3‐ and METTL14‐positive cells were correlated with the advanced pTNM stages (p < 0.05) and with the degrees of histopathological differentiation in OSCC (r = 0.564 and r = 0.316, respectively; p < 0.001). By the COX multivariate analysis, both overexpressed METTL3 and METTL14 were significantly associated with short overall survival (p < 0.05). Both METTL3 and METTL14 expressions and the m6A amounts were significantly increased in HN6 (p < 0.05). Silencing of METTL3 and METTL14 in HN6 significantly inhibited cell proliferation (p < 0.01), but it failed to mitigate cell migration or invasion.ConclusionsMETTL3 and METTL14 are overexpressed in OSCC tissues and in the HN6 OSCC cell line that promotes cell proliferation. Overexpressed METTL3 or METTL14 is found to be an independent prognostic factor for short overall survival in patients with OSCC.
Weekly and seasonal variation in the circadian melatonin rhythm in humans: A response
Authors: Zerbini Giulia , Merrow Martha , Winnebeck Eva C 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe read with interest the commentary by Skeldon and Dijk about our article “Weekly, seasonal and chronotype‐dependent variation of dim light melatonin onset.” The discussion points raised by Skeldon and Dijk are currently among the most hotly debated in human circadian science. What external factors determine human phase of entrainment? How great is the contribution of natural versus artificial light and sun time versus social time? Our intra‐individual data add to the still limited evidence from field studies in this matter. In their commentary, Skeldon and Dijk formulate two either‐or hypotheses, postulating that humans entrain either solely to the natural light‐dark cycle (sun time referenced by midday) (H1) or solely to the light selected by local clock time and social constraints (H2). Neither hypothesis accounts for the effect of season on human light exposure. We interpreted our findings along more complex lines, speculating that the 1‐h earlier melatonin rise in summer found in our sample is likely the combined result of daylight saving time (DST)‐induced behavioral advances and a stronger natural zeitgeber in summer (light exposure determined by social and seasonal factors, Horiginal). Here, we show how the criticism by Skeldon and Dijk is based on two sentences quoted out of context (misrepresenting our hypothesis as H1) and that their hypothesis H2 leaves out important seasonal components in light exposure.
The process by which mothers of children with special healthcare needs evolve their connections with the community
Authors: Kikuhara Mio , Hirakami Kumiko , Tamasaki Akiko , Maegaki Yoshihiro , Hanaki Keiichi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMothers of children with special healthcare needs often face many extra difficulties, such as being isolated in the community. This study, conducted in the San'in region of Japan between December 2017 and February 2019, aimed to clarify how the mothers established and adapted their connections within their communities through a qualitative descriptive design study. Participants were 12 mothers caring for children with special healthcare needs. Verbatim data on adapting to life after hospital discharge was collected through interviews and analyzed by the modified grounded theory approach. The data generated 14 concepts, which were grouped into four categories, as follows: Difficulties in life that arise from caring for children in social isolation; gaining an objective view of the current situation and future of caring for children with special healthcare needs; collaboration based on the understanding of relationships with others; and feeling fulfilled in life. These describe four phases that the mothers went through which are similar to each stage of the transition theory. Providing support via a collaborative partnership may be effective for mothers experiencing anxiety during the transition stages.
Effectiveness of high dose spinal cord stimulation for non‐surgical intractable lumbar radiculopathy ‐ HIDENS Study
Authors: Mehta Vivek , Poply Kavita , Ahmad Alia , Lascelles Joanne , Elyas Amin , Sharma Sanskriti , Ganeshan Balaji , Ellamushi Habib , Nikolic Serge 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesSpinal cord stimulation (SCS) is being increasingly used in non‐surgical intractable low back pain. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of high‐dose (HD) SCS utilizing sub‐perception stimulation with higher frequency and pulse width in non‐surgical predominant low‐back pain population at 12 months.Materials and MethodsA total of 20 patients were recruited (280 screened between March 2017 and July 2018) to undergo percutaneous fluoroscopic‐guided SCS (Medtronic 8 contact standard leads and RestoreR IPG), with T8 and T9 midline anatomical parallel placement. Sixteen patients completed 12 months follow‐up (500 Hz frequency, 500 μs pulse width, and 25% pulse density). Differences in patients’ clinical outcome (NRS back, NRS leg, ODI, PGIC, and PSQ) and medication usage (MQS) at 1, 3, and 12 months from the baseline were assessed using non‐parametric Wilcoxon paired test.ResultsThe mean NRS scores for back pain (baseline 7.53) improved significantly at 1, 3, and 12 months; 2.78 (p < 0.001), 4.45 (p = 0.002), and 3.85 (p = 0.002), respectively. The mean NRS score for leg pain (baseline 6.09) improved significantly at 1 and 3 months; 1.86 (p < 0.001) and 3.13 (p = 0.010), respectively. Mean NRS for leg pain at 12 months was 3.85 (p = 0.057). ODI and sleep demonstrated significant improvement as there was consistent improvement in medication particularly opioid usage (MQS) at 12 months.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that anatomical placement of leads with sub‐perception HD stimulation could provide effective pain relief in patients who are not candidates for spinal surgery.
Investigation of Stress State During Cement Hardening and Its Effect on Failure of Cement Sheath in Shale Gas Wells
Authors: Zhao Chaojie , Jin Yanxin , Li Jun , Zaman Musharraf , Wang Xue , Miao Yanan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Consideration of initial stress state after cement hardening provides a vital basis for the prediction of cement failure, which has been overlooked in previously published methodologies partly due to the difficulties in examining this problem rationally. In the present study, the hoop stress at casing-cement interface during cement hardening is investigated experimentally based on the full-scale casing-cement sheath-formation system (CCFS) facility, which is equipped with the real-time stress-strain measurement capability. The hoop stress at casing-cement interface during cement hardening drops sharply, rather than equating with the initial annulus pressure of cement slurry. It presents a higher drawdown under higher annulus pressure and thinner casing, and a lower drawdown under elastic cement slurry and thicker cement sheath. Furthermore, an analytical model taking the effect of cement hardening into account is developed to predict the integrity of cement sheath. Reliability of the model is verified by comparison with field observations. Excellent agreements are observed. The results illustrate that the tensile cracks are likely to occur at the inner cement (inner surface of cement sheath) by the effect of cement hardening, since the hoop stress at inner cement during cement hardening drops greatly and even becomes tensile. A detailed sensitivity analysis illustrates that an elastic cement slurry with a lower elastic modulus works more effectively, which can resolve the sustained casing pressure (SCP) problem in shale gas wells.
Mechanical and Microstructural Performance Evaluation of Diffusion Bonded Alloy 800H for Very High Temperature Nuclear Service
Authors: Mahajan Heramb P. , Lima Lucas M. A. , Hassan Tasnim 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Very high temperature reactors (VHTRs) are planned to be operated between 550 and 950∘C and demand a thermally efficient intermediate heat exchanger (IHX) in the heat transport system (HTS). The current technological development of compact heat exchangers (CHXs) for VHTRs is at the “proof of concept” level. A significant development in the CHX technologies is essential for the VHTRs to be efficient, cost-effective, and safe. CHXs have very high thermal efficiency and compactness, making them a prime candidate for IHXs in VHTRs. Photochemically etched plates with the desired channel pattern are stacked and diffusion bonded to fabricate CHXs. All plates are compressed at an elevated temperature over a specified period in the diffusion bonding process, promoting atomic diffusion and grain growth across bond surfaces resulting in a monolithic block. The diffusion bonding process changes the base metal properties, which are unknown for Alloy 800H, a candidate alloy for CHX construction. Hence, developing mechanical response data and understanding failure mechanisms of diffusion bonded Alloy 800H at elevated temperatures is a key step for advancing the technology of IHXs in VHTRs. The ultimate goal of this study is to develop ASME BPVC Section III, Division 5 design rules for CHXs in nuclear service. Toward this goal, mechanical performance and microstructures of diffusion bonded Alloy 800H are investigated through a series of tensile, fatigue, creep, and creep-fatigue tests at temperatures 550 to 760∘C. The test results, failure mechanisms, and microstructures of diffusion bonded Alloy 800H are scrutinized and presented.
Designing Multishape Dual-Gas Initial Conditions for the Study of Hydrodynamic Instabilities
Authors: Rasteiro dos Santos Marta , Bury Yannick , Jamme Stéphane 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The flow resulting from the rotation of a series of thin plates that initially separate two gases of different densities is analyzed using direct numerical simulations (DNSs). The 90-deg plates' rotation forms a vorticity shear layer and a density interface in between the tips of two neighboring plates. Results of this study show that the shape of these layers strongly depends on the plate's tip-based Reynolds number that can be varied thanks to a parametrization of the plates' opening law. Different regimes are identified corresponding to single- or multimode initial interfaces, with or without the occurrence of starting vortices during the formation of the shear layer. The density interfaces resulting from this procedure are particularly well-suited to serve as initial conditions for the study of the Richtmyer–Meshkov (RM) instability-induced mixing. Results of this study also provide a description of vortex formation in stratified flows.
Impact of HBsAg and HBcrAg levels on phenotype and function of HBV-specific T cells in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Aliabadi Elmira , Urbanek-Quaing Melanie , Maasoumy Benjamin , Bremer Birgit , Grasshoff Martin , Li Yang , Niehaus Christian E , Wedemeyer Heiner , Kraft Anke R M , Cornberg Markus 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveHepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific T cells are main effector cells in the control of HBV infection and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is suggested to be a critical factor in the impaired immune response, a hallmark of chronic HBV infection. In addition to HBsAg, other viral markers such as hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) are available, but their potential association with HBV-specific immune responses is not defined yet, which will be important if these markers are used for patient stratification for novel therapies aimed at functional HBV cure.DesignWe analysed T cell responses in 92 patients with hepatitis B e antigen negative chronic HBV infection with different HBsAg and HBcrAg levels. Overlapping peptides were used for in vitro response analyses (n=57), and HBV core18-specific and polymerase (pol)455-specific CD8+T cells were assessed in human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A*02 patients (n=35). In addition, in vitro responsiveness to anti-programmed cell death-ligand 1 (anti-PD-L1) was investigated.ResultsHBV-specific T cell responses were not affected by HBsAg levels, but rather by age and CD4+T cell responses were highest in patients with low HBcrAg levels. The phenotypes and functionality of HBV core18-specific and pol455-specific CD8+T cells differed, but HBsAg and HBcrAg levels did not affect their profiles. Blocking with anti-PD-L1 could restore HBV-specific T cells, but the effect was significantly higher in T cells isolated from patients with low HBsAg and in particular low HBcrAg.ConclusionOur data suggest that age and HBcrAg rather than HBsAg, are associated with HBV-specific T cell responses. Finally, very low antigen levels indicated by HBsAg and in particular HBcrAg may influence T cell response to checkpoint inhibition.
AHORA: a Spanish language tool to identify acute stroke symptoms
Authors: Banerjee Paul , Koumans Helene , Weech Madison Danielle , Wilson Maricela , Rivera-Morales Mark , Ganti Latha 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveTo develop a Spanish language tool for acute stroke identification.MethodsA Spanish language translation of the Balance-Eyes-Face-Arm-Speech-Time tool was developed within our emergency medical services agency.ResultsThe authors present a new prehospital stroke tool, Andar, Hablar, Ojos, Rostro and Ambos Brazos o Piernas (AHORA) (which means now in Spanish) to help combat the language barrier and reinforce the necessity to call 9-1-1 as soon as any stroke symptoms are noted.ConclusionAHORA is a Spanish language tool that aims to help Spanish-speaking individuals to identify an acute stroke and obtain prompt help.