bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of an acute Care Surgery Model on the Management of acute Appendicitis in South Korea: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Yi Gun-Hee , Lee Hak-Jae , Lee Seul , Yoon Jong-Hee , Hong Suk-Kyung 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe acute care surgery (ACS) system is a new model for the prompt management of diseases that require rapid treatment in patients with acute abdomen. This study compared the outcomes and characteristics of the ACS system and traditional on-call system (TROS) for acute appendicitis in South Korea.MethodsThis single-center, retrospective study included all patients (aged ≥18 years) who underwent surgery for acute appendicitis in 2016 and 2018. The TROS and ACS system were used for the 2016 and 2018 groups, respectively. We retrospectively obtained data on each patient from the electrical medical records. The independent samples t-test and Mann-Whitney U-test were used for continuous and non-normally distributed data, respectively.ResultsIn total, 126 patients were included. The time taken to get from the emergency room admission to the operating room, operation times, and postoperative complication rates were similar between both groups. However, the length of the hospital stay was shorter in the ACS group than in the TROS group (4.3±3.2 days vs. 7.2±9.6 days, p=0.039).ConclusionsSince the introduction of the ACS system, the length of hospital stay for surgical patients has decreased. This may be due to the application of an integrated medical procedure, such as a new clinical pathway, rather than differences in the surgical techniques.Trial registration: Retrospectively registered.
Who suffered most after deaths due to COVID-19? Prevalence and correlates of prolonged grief disorder in COVID-19 related bereaved adults
Authors: Tang Suqin , Xiang Zhendong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Deaths by COVID-19 have left behind nearly 12 million recent bereaved individuals worldwide and researchers have raised concerns that the circumstances of COVID-19 related deaths will lead to a rise prevalence of prolonged grief disorder (PGD) cases. However, to date, no studies have examined the prevalence of PGD among people bereaved due to COVID-19. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of PGD and investigated demographic and loss-related factors associated with prolonged grief symptoms among Chinese individuals bereaved due to COVID-19.Methods: This was a cross-sectional online survey conducted between September 1 and October 3, 2020. A total of 422 Chinese participants (55.5% males; 32.73 [9.31] years old) who lost a close person due to COVID-19 participated in the study. Demographic and loss-related information was collected, and self-reported prolonged grief symptoms were measured by a 13-item International Prolonged Grief Disorder Scale (IPGDS: 1–65) and a 17-item Traumatic Grief Inventory Self Report (TGI-SR: 1–85). Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the associated factors of levels of grief symptoms.Results: Prevalence of PGD was 37.8% screened by IPGDS and 29.3% by TGI-SR. No difference was found in levels of grief symptoms between participants whose close one died more than 6 months ago and those who experienced the loss less than 6 months ago. More severe prolonged grief symptoms assessed by IPGDS was associated with losing a close person by COVID-19 rather than complications (B: 5.35; 95% CI: 0.54–10.05), losing a partner (B: 7.80; 95% CI: 3.24–12.37), child (B: 8.15; 95% CI: 1.03–15.26), and parent (B: 5.49; 95% CI: 1.49–9.48) rather than losing a relative or a person with other relationship, feeling more traumatic about the loss (B: 1.71; 95% CI: 0.52–2.90), being closer with the deceased (B: 1.60; 95% CI: 0.34–2.86). Moreover, Losing a grandparent (B: 6.62; 95% CI: 0.53–12.71) and having more conflicts with the deceased (B: 1.05; 95% CI: -0.008–2.11) were related to higher levels of grief symptoms assessed by TGI-SR. Conclusions: Echoing to researchers’ concerns, prevalence of PGD is high among people bereaved due to COVID-19. Individuals with higher risk of developing PGD should be identified and bereavement support should be offered as early as possible.
Frugal compound microscopy for microbiological analysis and education
Authors: anand atul 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We report a very frugal microscope building method from easily realizable parts. We show a highly portable field ready compound type microscope with bright field, dark field and projection microscopy capabilities. It has good resolution and magnification for multiple aspects of education and diagnosis. We demonstrate that such a system can be built from simple lenses in laser pointers and camera modules with no specific 3d printed parts or costly lenses. We show all the parts of the system like stage, coarse and fine focussing system, microscope body, even slides can be built from commonly available materials like soda bottle and DVD disks. We list alternate, safer and easily available staining methods and chemicals. The microscope is developed with a target that it can be self-developed even in rural areas of the world with only resources at one’s disposal with very little education. This features a stable focussing and panning system for comfortable viewing through eyes and also easy imaging with a smartphone. We show its utility for microorganism analysis and potential for clinical diagnosis.
Intravenous Fluid Use in an Indonesian Community Cohort 0-18 Months of Age
Authors: Thobari Jarir At , Satria Cahya , Johanes Kevin , Haposan Jonathan Hasian , Watts Emma , Standish Jane , Handley Amanda , Bachtiar Novilia , Bines Julie , Soenarto Yati 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

Intravenous fluid administration is one of the most common and important life-saving treatments in daily clinical settings, however it is not given as much attention as it should have. This study aims to evaluate the intravenous fluid’s use pattern in infants from birth until 18 months of age in Indonesia.
Methods

A post-hoc analysis of RV3-BB Phase IIb randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 1621 participants in Indonesia between January 2013 and July 2016. Any health events were documented in the trial as adverse events. Concomitant medication surveillance recorded all medications, including intravenous fluids (IVF) during the 18 months of follow-up. Information included intravenous fluid type, methods of administration, dosage, indication and duration.
Results

Of 1621 participants, 251 (15.48%) participants received at least one intravenous fluid for treating 294 adverse events during their 18-month follow-up period. A total of 333 intravenous fluid consumptions were recorded, 20 (6.0%) as fluid resuscitation, 273 (81.98%) as fluid maintenance, 40 (12.01%) as both maintenance and resuscitation. Isotonic fluids predominated resuscitation fluids (52 out of 60 [86.7%]) and maintenance fluids (166 out of 313 [53.0%]). Hyponatremia (1 case) was detected among those administered with hypotonic fluids (143 out 313 [45.7%] IVFs) for maintenance fluid. The most common indication for intravenous fluid was gastroenteritis (31.6%), with dehydration in most cases (65 [69.9%]). Modified WHO’s plan B diarrhea management was recorded in 22 [23.7%] diarrhea cases.
Conclusions

This study provides the information of intravenous fluid use pattern in 0–18 months children cohort in Indonesia. Some intravenous fluids were found to be unnecessary and not optimal, exposing the patients to the avoidable risks. These data justify the further study to evaluate intravenous fluid use in children and the needs of continuing training on intravenous fluid management among healthcare providers.
Trial registration:

Trial registration: ACTRN12612001282875, Registered: 12/12/2012, https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12612001282875
Effect of Epinephrine on the Absorption of Lidocaine Following Application to the Oral Mucosa in Rats
Authors: Sasaki Rui , Sunada Katsuhisa 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective

We investigated the role of epinephrine in prolonging the localization of a topical anesthetic on oral mucosa and inhibiting its absorption in blood.
Methods

We used 7–8-week-old specific-pathogen-free Wistar male rats (n = 128) for our study. We divided them into lidocaine and lidocaine with epinephrine groups and applied 5 µL of 14C-labeled lidocaine hydrochloride gel and 10 µg/mL 14C-labeled lidocaine hydrochloride gel with added epinephrine to the palatal mucosae of the rats, respectively. The amount of lidocaine was measured by radioactivity and was observed using autoradiograms.
Results

After 4 min, the values were significantly lower in the lidocaine with epinephrine group (1040.0 ± 142.8 vs. 701.2 ± 109.0 ng/mg [20 min]). After 40 min, the lidocaine level became significantly higher in the lidocaine with epinephrine group (586.8 ± 112.4 vs. 1131.3 ± 155.2 ng/mg [40 min]). Similar results were observed in the palatine bone and mucosa and serum.
Conclusion

Epinephrine prolonged the localization of lidocaine applied to the mucosa and inhibited its absorption into the bloodstream. Clinical studies are required to evaluate the use of epinephrine-containing topical anesthetics on the oral mucosa.
System-wide hematopoietic and immune signaling aberrations in COVID-19
revealed by deep proteome and phosphoproteome analysis
Authors: Kaneko Tomonori , Esmail Sally , Voss Courtney , Martin Claudio , Slessarev Marat , Hovey Owen , liu Xuguang , Ye Mingliang , Kim Sung , Fraser Douglas , Li Shawn 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has become a global crisis. To gain systems-level insights into its pathogenesis, we compared the blood proteome and phosphoproteome of ICU patients with or without SARS-CoV-2 infection, and healthy control subjects by quantitative mass spectrometry. We find that COVID-19 is marked with hyperactive T cell and B cell signaling, compromised innate immune response, and dysregulated inflammation, coagulation, metabolism, RNA splicing, transcription and translation pathways. SARS-CoV-2 infection causes global reprogramming of the kinome and kinase-substrate network, resulting in defective antiviral defense via the CK2-OPN-IL-12/IFN-I axis, lymphocyte cell death via aberrant JAK/STAT signaling, and inactivation of innate immune cells via inhibitory SIRPA, SIGLEC and SLAM family receptor signaling. Our work identifies CK2, SYK, JAK3, TYK2 and IL-12 as potential targets for immunomodulatory treatment of severe COVID-19 and provides a valuable approach and resource for deciphering the mechanism of pathogen-host interactions.
Pathogenic Variants Identified using Whole-exome Sequencing in Chinese Patients with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
Authors: Ye Yutian , Huang Qijun , Chen Lipeng , Liang Chunxian , Zhuang Kaixue , Liu Tao , Yuan Fang , Zhang Xiangxia , Li Jie , Chen Rongchang , Fu Yingyun , Yue Yongjian 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background： Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is an autosomal recessive disorder. The genetic factors contributing to PCD pathogenesis remain elusive for approximately 20–35% of patients with complex and abnormal clinical phenotypes. Our study aimed to identify causative variants of sporadic PCD genes using whole-exome sequencing (WES). Result：All patients were diagnosed with PCD based on clinical phenotype or transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of cilia. WES and bioinformatic analysis were then conducted for patients with PCD. Identified candidate variants were validated by Sanger sequencing. Pathogenicity of candidate variants was then evaluated using in silico software and the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) database. In total, 15 rare variants were identified in five patients with PCD. Five new variants of CCDC40, DNAH1, DNAAF3, and DNAI1 were considered causative variants and included one splicing and three homozygous variants. Conclusion： Our study demonstrated that patients with PCD carry rare causative variants of multiple genes. Our findings indicated that not only known causative genes but also other functional genes should be considered for heterogeneous genetic disorders.
Dynamic Role of Renewable Eenrgy to Strengthen Energy Security and Energy Poverty Reduction: Mediating Role of Low Carbon Finance
Authors: Tien Dinh van , Ha Thai Van , Thuan Tran Duc , Oanh Thai Thi Kim , Hang Nguyen Phan Thu , Phuong Pham Thi Lan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper provides an empirical analysis of deploying renewables in Africa's five most populous countries for 2001-2019. It analyzed these factors to see how they impact deploying renewables by employing panel data using the pooled ordinary least squared(OLS) at frim level analysis to increase energy security and to reduce energy poverty. After the analysis, we proved that access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking needs the study countries to deploy renewables as most Africans cook with polluting fuels having detrimental health implications. The analyses further revealed that these countries generate a chunk of their electricity from fossil fuel sources, making it imperative to jettison fossil fuels and embrace renewables cheaper and environmentally friendly. The analysis also showed that the Quality of regulation in a country is vitally important to scaling up renewables in the study countries since the right policy tools underpin the transition. Furthermore, the lack of Electrification is important to developing renewal energy sources in the study countries. Sub-Saharan Africa has about nearly 600 million people not having access to electricity. Thus deploying renewables will bridge the access gap. Cleaner energies will be the panacea to the study countries’ energy insecurity situation and bridge the access gap. The study countries have the technical and theoretical potential for all the renewable energies needed to ensure sustainable consumption. What is needed is to institute cornerstone financial policy de-risking instruments to crowd in private capital since the renewables sector is perceived as a high-risk area.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in PM 2.5 and PM10 From Industrial Area of Odisha, India: Sources, Atmospheric Transport and Health Risk Assessment
Authors: Ekka Susmita , Sahu Sanjat Kumar , Dwivedi Sanjeev , Khuman Sanjenbam Nirmala , Das Shirsendu , Chakraborty Paromita 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this study we aim to assess 16 priority PAHs enlisted by the US Environmental Protection Agency in PM 2.5 and PM 10 for the first time from industrial areas of Odisha State in India. During 2017–2018, bimonthly sampling of PM 10 and PM 2.5 were carried out for 24 hours by respirable dust sampler and PM 2.5 sampler respectively, in the industrial and mining areas of Jharsuguda (n = 2) and Angul (n = 4) during the pre-monsoon, monsoon and post monsoonal seasons. Highest average concentration of ∑ 16 PAHs in PM 2.5 was observed during post monsoon (170 ng/m3) followed by pre-monsoon (17–89 ng/m3; avg, 48 ng/m3) and monsoonal season (2–40 ng/m3 ; avg, 16 ng/m 3 ), respectively. Similar trend of ∑ 16 PAHs levels in PM 10 was seen with higher levels during post monsoon (116–471 ng/m3; avg, 286 ng/m3) followed by pre-monsoon (avg, 81 ng/m3) and monsoon seasons (27 ng/m3. Diagnostic ratios BaA/(BaA + Chry), Phe/(Phe + Ant) and Flt/(Flt + Pyr) and principal component analysis (PCA) suggest diesel, gasoline and coal combustion are the major contributors for atmospheric PAHs pollution in Odisha. Back trajectories analysis revealed that PAHs concentration was affected majorly by air masses originating from the northwest direction traversing through central India. Toxic equivalents (TEQs) ranged between 0.24 to 94.13 ng TEQ/m3. In our study incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) ranged between 10 − 5 and 10 − 3 representing potential cancer risk.
Boundary Control of A Flexible Rotatable Manipulator in Three-Dimensional Space With Input Constraints and Actuator Faults
Authors: Wang Jiacheng , Liu Jinkun , Cao Fangfei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the boundary control problem of a flexible rotatable manipulator in Three-Dimensional space with input constraints and actuator faults is taken into account. The Hamilton principle is introduced to derive the dynamic model represented by partial differential equations (PDEs), which can accurately reflect the characteristics of the distributed parameters of the flexible system. The hyperbolic tangent function is adopted to ensure that the control input is within a bounded range, and the projection-based adaptive laws are designed to estimate the degree of unknown actuator failures. Satisfying the input constraints, the system can still remain stable when the actuator failures ensue. The flexible manipulator can track the required angle, and both the elastic deformation and the deformation rate are effectively suppressed simultaneously. The numerical simulation results further illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Small for Gestational Age in Late Preterm Deliveries - The Impact of Antenatal Corticosteroids on Perinatal Outcome
Authors: ZLOTO KEREN , Krispin Eyal , Shmueli Anat , Hadar Eran , Salman Lina 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose

The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) on late preterm small for gestational age neonates.
Methods

A retrospective cohort study of all women, carrying a singleton gestation, who had late preterm delivery (34 + 0–36 + 6, gestational weeks) of small for gestational age neonates, in a single, tertiary, university-affiliated medical center (July 2012- December 2017). Exclusion criteria included: birth weight above the 10th percentile, termination of pregnancy and intrauterine fetal death. Outcomes were compared between those who were treated with ACS prior to delivery and those who did not receive ACS. The primary outcome was neonatal composite outcome which included: neonatal intensive care unit admission, respiratory distress syndrome, mechanical ventilation and transient tachypnea of the newborn.
Results

Overall, 228 women met inclusion criteria.102 (44.7%) received ACS and 126 did not (55.3%). Birth weight among non-ACS group was significantly higher (1880.38 ± 171.54 vs 1774.84 ± 229.15 grams p < 0.001). Rates of NICU and Jaundice requiring phototherapy were higher among the ACS group (53.92% vs 31.74%, p = 0.01 and 12.74% vs 5.55%, p = 0.05, respectively). Composite neonatal outcome was significantly higher among the ACS group (53.92% vs 32.53%, OR 2.42, CI 1.41–4.15, p = 0.01). After adjustment for potential confounders, using multivariate regression analysis this association remained significant (OR 2.38, 95% CI 1.39–4.10, p = 0.002).
Conclusion

Our findings suggest that ACS delivered during pregnancy did not improve respiratory adverse outcome for SGA neonates born in late preterm. ACS in this specific cohort might be associated with worse outcome than those not treated with ACS.
The Spatial Effect of Fiscal Decentralization on Haze Pollution in China
Authors: Cheng Zhonghua , Zhu Yeman 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper empirically analyzes the effects of fiscal decentralization on haze pollution and its mechanism using statistical data from 285 Chinese cities from 2003 to 2016. The results show that increases in the degree of fiscal decentralization not only dramatically aggravate haze pollution in local areas but also significantly worsen the haze pollution in surrounding areas. Further mechanism analyses show that the increase in the degree of fiscal decentralization can also increase the volatility of haze pollution in local areas indicating that local governments do have the ability to control haze pollution in their local area according to their own preferences and interests. However, increases in the degree of fiscal decentralization in the local area can also reduce the volatility of haze pollution in surrounding areas at the same time, indicating that the adjustments in environmental policies in surrounding areas will significantly inhibit the control of environmental policies in the local area, thus preventing haze pollution in the local area from being effectively controlled. This means that there is a destructive environmental ‘Race to the Bottom’ competition between governments in order to compete in the game.
The Triglyceride-Glucose Index Is Associated With Atherosclerosis in Patients With Symptomatic Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Hou Wenguang , Dong Zixian , Wu Hao , Wang Yuqing , Zhang Yufan , Li Jiao , Zhang Qianqian , Qi Xin , Wei Liping 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

The triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index) has been suggested as a credible surrogate marker of insulin resistance (IR) for many years. Its value in predicting and diagnosing cardiovascular disease has been reported recently. However, few studies have reported that it can be used as a marker for atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD), which is one of the main causes of cardiovascular-related death. This study will attempt to prove that the TyG index can be a useful marker for predicting atherosclerosis and has diagnostic significance for symptomatic CAD.
Methods

The baseline data of 3059 cardiology patients, as well as their clinical data, biochemical parameters and medical histories, were collected from our clinical cases over the last three years. Further screening resulted in 1581 data points of symptomatic CAD. The TyG index was calculated by the formula Ln (fasting triglycerides (mg/dl) × fasting blood glucose (mg/dl)/2). CAD was defined as a nonzero Gensini score on coronary angiography. Participants were divided into four groups according to TyG index tertiles.
Results

We evaluated 1581 patients, and the majority were male (41.9%) and elderly (59.5%). Cardiometabolic risk factors were positively associated with the TyG index. Arterial damage, including carotid and coronary damage, was highly associated with the TyG index. After adjustment for sex, age and multiple risk factors, Poisson regression analysis indicated that the prevalence ratios for carotid plaque and coronary stenosis were 1.11 (95% Cl 0.55–2.11; P = 0.01) and 2.94 (95% Cl 0.58–1.50; P = 0.01), respectively. Moreover, the TyG index has better diagnostic efficacy for symptomatic CAD than do fasting glucose and triglycerides (AUC TyG = 0.734; AUC fasting glucose = 0.611; AUC triglyceride = 0.717).
Conclusion

The TyG index is a useful marker for predicting atherosclerosis and may be a diagnostic indicator for symptomatic CAD.