bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motivating Selective Motor Control of Infants at High Risk of Cerebral Palsy Using an In-Home Kicking-Activated Mobile Task: A Pilot Study
Authors: Sargent Barbara , Havens Kathryn L , Kubo Masayoshi , Wisnowski Jessica L , Wu Tai-Wei , Fetters Linda 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objective
Decreased selective motor control limits gait function of children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP). Infants at high risk of CP demonstrate decreased selective motor control by 1 month of age. To motivate more selective hip-knee control, infants at high risk of CP participated in an in-home kicking-activated mobile task. The purpose of this study was to determine whether infants at high risk of CP and infants with typical development (TD) demonstrated increased selective hip-knee control during 2-minute intervals of the mobile task when they demonstrated learning of the association between their leg movement and mobile activation vs during 2-minute intervals when they did not demonstrate learning.

Methods
Participants in this cohort study included 10 infants at high risk of CP based on neuroimaging and 11 infants with TD at 3.5 to 4.5 months of age. Each infant participated in the in-home kicking-activated mobile task for 8 to 10 min/d, 5 d/wk, for 6 weeks. Over 80,000 kicks were extracted and classified for each infant as occurring during 2-minute intervals of the task when the infant demonstrated learning vs not learning based on mobile activation time above baseline.

Results
Infants demonstrated kicks with more selective hip-knee control during 2-minute intervals of the mobile task when they demonstrated learning compared with when they did not demonstrate learning for 4 of 6 weeks in the cohort at high risk of CP and for 2 of 6 weeks in the cohort with TD.

Conclusion
Participation in the in-home kicking-activated mobile task may motivate more selective hip-knee control of infants at high risk of CP.

Impact
This study is a first step toward developing an intervention to promote selective hip-knee control of infants at high risk of CP, with the ultimate goal of optimizing future walking function.

Lay Summary
This study showed that playing with an in-home infant kicking-activated mobile may motivate infants at high risk of CP to produce more age-appropriate leg movements.
Loneliness in young people: a multilevel exploration of social ecological influences and geographic variation
Authors: Marquez J , Goodfellow C , Hardoon D , Inchley J , Leyland A H , Qualter P , Simpson S A , Long E 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundLoneliness is a growing public health concern, yet little is known about loneliness in young people. The current study aimed to identify social ecological factors related to loneliness and examine the extent to which geographic region may account for differences in loneliness.MethodsThe data come from a cross-sectional sample of 6503 young people living in the UK. Loneliness was measured using the UCLA 3-item scale. Bivariate analyses were used to test associations between each predictor and loneliness. Multilevel models were used to identify key social ecological factors related to loneliness, and the extent to which loneliness may vary across geographic regions (local authority districts).ResultsSociodemographic, social, health and well-being, and community factors were found to be associated with loneliness. Geographic region was associated with 5–8% of the variation in loneliness. The effect of gender, sexual orientation and minority ethnic background on loneliness differed across regions.ConclusionsThis is the first study to highlight modifiable social and community factors related to youth loneliness, and individual vulnerabilities, such as poor mental well-being. Results related to geographic differences suggest that local-level initiatives may be most appropriate in tackling loneliness, rather than wider, less contextualized national efforts.
Vertical Configuration Spaces and Their Homology
Authors: Bianchi Andrea , Kranhold Florian 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We introduce ordered and unordered configuration spaces of ‘clusters’ of points in an Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^d$, where points in each cluster satisfy a ‘verticality’ condition, depending on a decomposition $d=p+q$. We compute the homology in the ordered case and prove homological stability in the unordered case.
WINDCATCHER VENTILATION COMPUTATION AND INDOOR 222RN CONCENTRATION IN TRADITIONAL ADOBE HOUSES
Authors: Abbasi Akbar , Algethami Merfat , Bawazeer Omemh , Zakaly Hesham M H 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Radon-based radiation is a significant issue that can affect resident health as a contributory source of natural radiation from soil construction materials. This study investigates the effect of windcatchers on radon activity concentrations and radon exhalation rate from the soil surface in traditional adobe houses of Yazd, Iran. Radon concentrations were measured by passive detectors in 16 adobe houses. Computational fluid dynamics simulations were performed for different wind speed to calculate ventilation rate. The concentrations of 222Rn were in the ranges of 22 ± 1–117 ± 8 Bq m−3 with an average value of 50 ± 3 Bq m−3. The radon exhalation rates values were in the range of 8.3 ± 0.1 to 47.2 ± 0.5 Bq m−2 h−1. Radon concentration results in only one dwelling site were higher than the level recommended by the World Health Organization. The annual radon inhalation dose was found in seven sites higher than the worldwide average.
Stress-related hippocampus activation mediates the association between polyvictimization and trait anxiety in adolescents
Authors: Corr Rachel , Glier Sarah , Bizzell Joshua , Pelletier-Baldelli Andrea , Campbell Alana , Killian-Farrell Candace , Belger Aysenil 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEarly life stress exposures are associated with adverse health outcomes and heightened anxiety symptoms in adolescents. Stress-sensitive brain regions like the hippocampus and amygdala are particularly impacted by early life adversities and are also implicated in the development of anxiety disorders. However, to date, no studies have specifically examined the neural correlates of polyvictimization (exposure to multiple categories of victimization) or the contribution of stress-sensitive neural nodes to polyvictimization’s impact on mental health. To elucidate these relationships, the current study analyzed associations between polyvictimization, hippocampal and amygdalar activation during an acute stress task and trait anxiety in a sample of 80 children and adolescents aged 9–16 years (33 female participants). Results showed that polyvictimization was associated with higher trait anxiety as well as greater stress-related right hippocampus activation, and this greater hippocampal activity predicted heightened trait anxiety. Robust mediation analyses revealed that stress-related right hippocampus activation partially mediated the relationship between polyvictimization and trait anxiety. Our results expand upon the existing polyvictimization literature by suggesting a possible neurobiological pathway through which polyvictimization is connected to the etiology of mental illness.
Randomized controlled trial of digital cognitive behavior therapy for prenatal insomnia symptoms: effects on postpartum insomnia and mental health
Authors: Felder Jennifer N , Epel Elissa S , Neuhaus John , Krystal Andrew D , Prather Aric A 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStudy ObjectivesTo evaluate the effects of digital cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia (dCBT-I) delivered during pregnancy on subjective sleep outcomes, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms through 6 months postpartum.MethodsPeople up to 28 weeks gestation (N = 208) with insomnia were randomized to 6 weekly sessions of dCBT-I or standard care. We report follow-up data at 3 and 6 months postpartum. The primary outcome was insomnia symptom severity. Secondary sleep outcomes included global sleep quality and insomnia caseness. Mental health outcomes included depressive and anxiety symptom severity. We evaluated between-condition differences in change from baseline for each postpartum timepoint and categorical outcomes.ResultsdCBT-I participants did not experience significantly greater improvements in insomnia symptom severity relative to standard care participants, but they did experience higher rates of insomnia remission and lower rates of insomnia caseness at 6 months postpartum. dCBT-I participants experienced greater improvements in depressive symptom severity from baseline to both postpartum timepoints, and in anxiety symptom severity from baseline to 3 months postpartum. The proportion of participants with probable major depression at 3 months postpartum was significantly higher among standard care (18%) than dCBT-I (4%, p = 0.006) participants; this between-condition difference was pronounced among the subset (n = 143) with minimal depressive symptoms at baseline (18% vs 0%).ConclusiondCBT-I use during pregnancy leads to enduring benefits for postpartum insomnia remission. Findings provide strong preliminary evidence that dCBT-I use during pregnancy may prevent postpartum depression and anxiety, which is notable when considering the high frequency and importance of these problems.Clinical Trials: ClinicalTrials.gov, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02805998, NCT02805998.
Emerging digital technologies in cancer treatment, prevention, and control
Authors: Hesse Bradford W , Kwasnicka Dominika , Ahern David K 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The very first issue of the journal of Translational Behavioral Medicine (TBM) was dedicated, in part, to the theme of Health Information Technology as a platform for evidence implementation. The topic was timely: legislation in the USA was passed with the intent of stimulating the adoption of electronic health records; mobile smartphones, tablets, and other devices were gaining traction in the consumer market, while members within the Society of Behavioral Medicine were gaining scientific understanding on how to use these tools to effect healthy behavior change. For the anniversary issue of TBM, we evaluated the progress and problems associated with deploying digital health technologies to support cancer treatment, prevention, and control over the last decade. We conducted a narrative review of published literature to identify the role that emerging digital technologies may take in achieving national and international objectives in the decade to come. We tracked our evaluation of the literature across three phases in the cancer control continuum: (a) prevention, (b) early detection/screening, and (c) treatment/survivorship. From our targeted review and analyses, we noted that significant progress had been made in the adoption of digital health technologies in the cancer space over the past decade but that significant work remains to be done to integrate these technologies effectively into the cancer control systems needed to improve outcomes equitably across populations. The challenge for the next 10 years is inherently translational.
Behavioral medicine, cancer control, and NCI: reflections on a fruitful past and auspicious future
Authors: Klein William M P 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Cancer prevention and control has benefited substantially from behavioral medicine research over the last several decades. The National Cancer Institute’s (NCI) Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, ably led by Barbara Rimer and then Bob Croyle since being established in 1997, has been a primary supporter of this research. NCI has made significant investments in many of the topics featured in this special section and will continue to do so. These include research on basic behavioral processes such as affect as well as optimal approaches to health communication. A key and enduring focus has been the support of behavioral interventions, particularly for tobacco, diet, physical activity, and sun exposure. The success of such interventions will be amplified to the extent that they leverage novel research designs, emerging digital technologies, evidence gleaned from the burgeoning field of implementation science, and lessons learned from greater attention to the impact of health disparities and inequities. Moreover, as the cancer survivor population continues to grow given the rapid development of diagnostic and therapeutic science, it will be even more essential to devote attention to understanding and addressing the health care and other needs of survivors such as cognitive dysfunction and financial toxicity. The field of behavioral medicine should be both applauded for its many contributions to reducing the cancer burden and encouraged to continue developing new research ideas in these critical areas.
Embracing policy implementation science to ensure translation of evidence to cancer control policy
Authors: Emmons Karen M , Chambers David , Abazeed Ali 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Although health-related policies are abundant, efforts to understand how to ensure that these policies serve as an effective vehicle for translating scientific evidence are relatively sparse. This paper explores how policy-focused implementation science (IS) may contribute to understanding the translation of scientific evidence to health-related policy in governmental and nongovernmental sectors. Expanding the focus of implementation science in cancer control could systematically address policy to both increase the use of scientific evidence in general and to address health equity. In this Commentary, we look to relevant work outside of IS that could be informative, most notably from the field of political science. We propose several ideas for future research that could help move the field of policy implementation science in cancer control in the USA forward. Although most efforts to increase uptake of the scientific evidence base reference translation to “practice and policy,” there has been relatively little emphasis in the USA on implementation at the policy level, especially related to cancer control. If we are to achieve the full benefits of scientific discovery on population and public health, we will need to consider policy as a critical mechanism by which evidence can be translated to practice. We have a robust set of methods within implementation science that are increasing the pace of adoption and maintenance of evidence-based programs in a variety of settings. Building on these efforts, the time is right to expand our focus to include policy implementation.
A digitally enhanced home-based physical activity intervention for high-risk middle school youth during COVID-19
Authors: Tripicchio Gina L , Jones Gareth J , Hart Chantelle N , Hyun Moonsup , DeSabato Emily , Giddings Amy , Ehrhardt Amanda , Rosenberg Emily 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
COVID-19 significantly impacted physical activity among high-risk youth. Camp from Home, a digitally enhanced home-based intervention, was developed to address physical activity disparities among middle school youth during COVID-19. Camp from Home enrolled 62 youth in 54 families from five schools in Philadelphia during the summer of 2020. The 6-week intervention comprised of (1) three home deliveries of “activity kits” including exercise equipment and activity booklets, (2) asynchronous sport and exercise videos posted to a private YouTube channel, and (3) supportive text-messages from health coaches. YouTube analytics and self-report surveys completed by parents and youth at baseline and at the end of programming were used to assess engagement, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy. Youth participants were 12.4 (1.2) years, 38.7% female and 90.3% Black/African American. At follow-up, 41 parents (75.9%) and 34 youth (54.8%) completed measures. Youth self-reported increases in self-efficacy (ΔM(sd) = 0.4(1.0), p = .03) and physical activity (ΔM(sd) = 4.2(7.9), p = .004), despite suboptimal engagement in digital program components. Overall, participants highly rated the program. Activity kits and text-messages from health coaches were rated as most helpful. Most parents (95.1%) and youth (83.8%) expressed interested in participating again in the future. A 6-week digitally enhanced, home-based physical activity intervention was acceptable and feasible among parents and youth during the summer of 2020, with youth reporting improvements in self-efficacy and physical activity. Summer programs are critical for reducing disparities in physical activity and hold potential for addressing key barriers for high-risk youth even outside the context of COVID-19.
Cervical Sagittal Alignment in Patients with Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
Authors: Evaniew Nathan , Charest-Morin Raphaële , Jacobs W. Bradley , Johnson Michael , Bailey Christopher S. , Christie Sean , Paquet Jérôme , Nataraj Andrew , Cadotte David W. , Wilson Jefferson R. , Craig Michael , Xu Mark , Manson Neil , Hall Hamilton , Thomas Ken C. , Rampersaud Y. Raja , McIntosh Greg , Fisher Charles G. , Dea Nicolas 
Published: November 2021

Study Design.
Prospective cohort study.

Objective.
Among patients with CSM, we aimed to evaluate the extent to which: (1) Preoperative cervical sagittal alignment is associated with health-related quality of life, function, and symptoms; (2) Surgery leads to changes in cervical sagittal alignment; and (3) Postoperative cervical sagittal alignment is associated with health-related quality of life, function, and symptoms at 12 months of follow-up.

Summary of Background Data.
The importance of maintaining or improving cervical sagittal alignment in the surgical management of patients with CSM has not been established.

Methods.
We measured C2–C7 Cobb angle, T1 slope, and C2–C7 cervical sagittal vertical axis (cSVA). We tested for associations with Neck Disability Index, Pain Scales for neck and arm pain, EuroQol 5D, Short Form 12 Physical and Mental Component Summaries, and modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores. We adjusted for potential confounders using multiple linear regression, and we performed various prespecified subgroup (cSVA > 40 mm, surgical approach) and sensitivity analyses.

Results.
Among 250 patients, adjusted analyses yielded significant inverse associations prior to surgery between each of cSVA and T1 slope with SF12 Physical Component Summaries (T1 slope: −0.14, 95% CI −0.26 to −0.01, P = 0.03; C2–C7 cSVA: −0.13, 95% CI -−0.21 to −0.05 P < 0.01). Surgery was associated with a small but statistically significant increase in cSVA across the cohort (+5.8 mm [SD 11.7], P < 0.01) but no change in Cobb angle or T1 slope. At 12-months after surgery, there were no significant associations between alignment parameters or change in alignment and any measures of health-related quality of life, function, or symptoms. Results were consistent across subgroup and sensitivity analyses.

Conclusion.
Increased cSVA and T1 slope were associated with inferior health-related quality of life at presentation among patients with CSM, but no significant associations were observed following surgical treatment.

Level of Evidence: 3
Clinical Impact of Plasma Metagenomic Next-generation Sequencing in a Large Pediatric Cohort
Authors: Niles Denver T. , Revell Paula A. , Ruderfer Daniel , Marquez Lucila , McNeil J. Chase , Palazzi Debra L. 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Plasma metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has the potential to detect thousands of different organisms with a single test. There are limited data on the real-world impact of mNGS and even less guidance on the types of patients and clinical scenarios in which mNGS testing is beneficial.

Methods:
A retrospective review of patients who had mNGS testing as part of routine clinical care at Texas Children’s Hospital from June 2018–August 2019 was performed. Medical records were reviewed for pertinent data. An expert panel of infectious disease physicians adjudicated each unique organism identified by mNGS for clinical impact.

Results:
There were 169 patients with at least one mNGS test. mNGS identified a definitive, probable or possible infection in 49.7% of patients. mNGS led to no clinical impact in 139 patients (82.2%), a positive impact in 21 patients (12.4%), and a negative impact in 9 patients (5.3%). mNGS identified a plausible cause for infection more often in immunocompromised patients than in immunocompetent patients (55.8% vs. 30.0%, P = 0.006). Positive clinical impact was highest in patients with multiple indications for testing (37.5%, P = 0.006) with deep-seated infections, overall, being most often associated with a positive impact.

Conclusion:
mNGS testing has a limited real-world clinical impact when ordered indiscriminately. Immunocompromised patients with well-defined deep-seated infections are likely to benefit most from testing. Further studies are needed to evaluate the full spectrum of clinical scenarios for which mNGS testing is impactful.
Continuous glucose monitoring in primary care – are we there?
Authors: Martens Thomas W. 
Published: November 2021

Purpose of review
In this review, we examine the expanding role of continuous glucose monitoring in glycaemic management in primary care.

Recent findings
Improving technology and decreasing cost have increased the uptake of use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) for glycaemic management in primary care, wherein most diabetes is managed. Optimized use of this technology, however, will require a convergence of several factors. Availability of devices for people with diabetes, availability of data at the time of clinical interactions, and expertise in interpretation of CGM and ambulatory glucose profile (AGP) data, as well as optimization of therapies, will be required. Significant progress has been made in all three areas in recent years, yet creating systems of support for widespread use of CGM in primary care remains an area of active investigation.

Summary
There has been significant uptake in the use of CGM in the management of diabetes in primary care. Optimized use, however, requires both access to CGM data and the expertise to use the data. Although promising strategies have emerged, the task of generalizing these strategies to the broad population of primary care in America is ongoing. CGM technology holds significant potential for improving glycaemic management in primary care, yet important work remains to leverage the full potential of this promising technology.
Continuous glucose monitoring in the hospital: an update in the era of COVID-19
Authors: Gothong Chikara , Singh Lakshmi G. , Satyarengga Medha , Spanakis Elias K. 
Published: November 2021

Purpose of review
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems are Food and Drug Administration approved devices for the ambulatory setting; however, they remain investigational systems for inpatient use. This review summarizes the most recent and relevant literature on the use of continuous glucose monitoring in the hospital setting.

Recent findings
CGM provides real-time glucose data that enable healthcare professionals to make proactive and timelier clinical decisions with regards to diabetes management. CGM devices appear to be safe and accurate systems for glucose monitoring in the hospital setting. Real-time CGM systems and glucose telemetry can decrease hypoglycemia and reduce hyperglycemia in hospitalized patients with diabetes. Remote glucose monitoring decreases the need of frequent Point-of-care checks and personal protective equipment use while also mitigating staff exposure risk which is timely in the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although most nursing staff have limited exposure and training on CGM technology, early studies show that CGM use in the hospital is well received by nurses.

Summary
Given the evidence in the current literature regarding CGM use in the hospital, CGM devices may be incorporated in the inpatient setting.