bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in muscle–tendon unit length–force characteristics following experimentally induced photothrombotic stroke cannot be explained by changes in muscle belly structure
Authors: Paudyal Arjun , Degens Hans , Baan Guus C. , Noort Wendy , Slevin Mark , van Wegen Erwin , Kwakkel Gert , Maas Huub 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of experimentally induced photothrombotic stroke on structural and mechanical properties of rat m. flexor carpi ulnaris.

Methods
Two groups of Young-adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were measured: stroke (n = 9) and control (n = 7). Photothrombotic stroke was induced in the forelimb region of the primary sensorimotor cortex. Four weeks later, muscle–tendon unit and muscle belly length–force characteristics of the m. flexor carpi ulnaris, mechanical interaction with the neighbouring m. palmaris longus, the number of sarcomeres in series within muscle fibres, and the physiological cross-sectional area were measured.

Results
Stroke resulted in higher force and stiffness of the m. flexor carpi ulnaris at optimum muscle–tendon unit length, but only for the passive conditions. Stroke did not alter the length–force characteristics of m. flexor carpi ulnaris muscle belly, morphological characteristics, and the extent of mechanical interaction with m. palmaris longus muscle.

Conclusion
The higher passive force and passive stiffness at the muscle–tendon unit level in the absence of changes in structural and mechanical characteristics of the muscle belly indicates that the experimentally induced stroke resulted in an increased stiffness of the tendon.
A tailored approach in lymph node-positive perihilar cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Benzing Christian , Krenzien Felix , Mieg Alexa , Wolfsberger Annika , Andreou Andreas , Nevermann Nora , Pelzer Uwe , Fehrenbach Uli , Haiden Lena Marie , Öllinger Robert , Schöning Wenzel , Schmelzle Moritz , Pratschke Johann 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Extended right hepatectomy is associated with wide surgical margins in PHC and often favored for oncological considerations. However, it remains uncertain whether established surgical principles also apply to the subgroup of node-positive patients. The aim of the present study was to define a tailored surgical approach for patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHC) and lymph node metastases.

Methods
We reviewed the course of all consecutive patients undergoing major hepatectomy for PHC between 2005 and 2015 at the Department of Surgery, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin.

Results
Two hundred and thirty-one patients underwent major hepatectomy for PHC with 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates of 72%, 48%, and 36%, and 60%, 22%, and 12%, respectively. In lymph node-positive patients (n = 109, 47%), extended left hepatectomy was associated with improved OS and DFS, respectively, when compared to extended right hepatectomy (p = 0.008 and p = 0.003). Interestingly, OS and DFS did not differ between R0 and R1 resections in those patients (both p = ns). Patients undergoing extended left hepatectomy were more likely to receive adjuvant chemotherapy (p = 0.022). This is of note as adjuvant chemotherapy, besides grading (p = 0.041), was the only independent prognostic factor in node-positive patients (p=0.002).

Conclusion
Patients with node-positive PHC might benefit from less aggressive approaches being associated with lower morbidity and a higher chance for adjuvant chemotherapy. Lymph node sampling might help to guide patients to the appropriate surgical approach according to their lymph node status.
Heat stress inhibits TLR4-NF-κB and TLR4-TBK1 signaling pathways in broilers infected with Salmonella Typhimurium
Authors: Li Wei-Hao , Liu Yi-Lei , Lun Jian-Chi , He Yong-Ming , Tang Lu-Ping 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWith the global warming, the harm of heat stress (HS) to the breeding industry has become more common, which causes the decline of animal production performance and low immunity. This study aimed to analyze the effect of HS on the intestinal immune function of Salmonella-infected chickens. Fourteen-day-old broilers were divided into the following four groups of eight replicates: control (Control), heat stress (HS), Salmonella Typhimurium (ST), and heat stress + Salmonella Typhimurium (HS+ST). The broilers were subjected to a heat stress of 35 °C from 15 to 28 days of age. Salmonella Typhimurium (ST, 14028, 109 cfu/mL) was inoculated, via oral administration at 29 days of age, into ST and HS+ST group birds. On the 4th day after Salmonella Typhimurium administration, an increase in jejunum IgA levels was observed in chickens infected with Salmonella Typhimurium. Mechanistic regulation of TLR4-NFκB-NLRP3 and TLR4-TBK1 signaling by heat stress was evaluated in Salmonella Typhimurium–infected broilers. Heat stress markedly inhibited the expression of cytokines including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, NLRP3, caspase-1, NF-κB-p65, and p-NF-κB-p65, and the TLR4-TBK1 cytokines IFN-α, IFN-γ, p-IRF3, and p-TBK1 in jejunum of broilers infected with Salmonella Typhimurium. Collectively, our results demonstrate that heat stress can inhibit intestinal immune response by downregulating the expression of TLR4-NFκB-NLRP3 and TLR4-TBK1 signaling pathways in broilers infected with Salmonella Typhimurium.
The Functionally Grading Elastic and Viscoelastic Properties of the Body Region of the Knee Meniscus
Authors: Maritz Jared , Agustoni Greta , Dragnevski Kalin , Bordas Stéphane P. A. , Barrera Olga 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe knee meniscus is a highly porous structure which exhibits a grading architecture through the depth of the tissue. The superficial layers on both femoral and tibial sides are constituted by a fine mesh of randomly distributed collagen fibers while the internal layer is constituted by a network of collagen channels of a mean size of 22.14 $$\mu $$
μ
m aligned at a $$30^{\circ }$$

30
∘

inclination with respect to the vertical. Horizontal dog-bone samples extracted from different depths of the tissue were mechanically tested in uniaxial tension to examine the variation of elastic and viscoelastic properties across the meniscus. The tests show that a random alignment of the collagen fibers in the superficial layers leads to stiffer mechanical responses (E = 105 and 189 MPa) in comparison to the internal regions (E = 34 MPa). All regions exhibit two modes of relaxation at a constant strain ($$\tau _1 = 6.4$$

τ
1

=
6.4

to 7.7 s, $$\tau _2$$

τ
2

= 49.9 to 59.7 s).
Endothelial cell plasticity at the single-cell level
Authors: Pasut Alessandra , Becker Lisa M. , Cuypers Anne , Carmeliet Peter 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe vascular endothelium is characterized by a remarkable level of plasticity, which is the driving force not only of physiological repair/remodeling of adult tissues but also of pathological angiogenesis. The resulting heterogeneity of endothelial cells (ECs) makes targeting the endothelium challenging, no less because many EC phenotypes are yet to be identified and functionally inventorized. Efforts to map the vasculature at the single-cell level have been instrumental to capture the diversity of EC types and states at a remarkable depth in both normal and pathological states. Here, we discuss new EC subtypes and functions emerging from recent single-cell studies in health and disease. Interestingly, such studies revealed distinct metabolic gene signatures in different EC phenotypes, which deserve further consideration for therapy. We highlight how this metabolic targeting strategy could potentially be used to promote (for tissue repair) or block (in tumor) angiogenesis in a tissue or even vascular bed-specific manner.
Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV Infection in Cisgender and Transgender Women in the U.S.: A Narrative Review of the Literature
Authors: Baldwin Aleta , Light Brenda , Allison Waridibo E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUsing a socioecological approach, this review describes the peer-reviewed literature on oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among both cisgender (cis women) and transgender women (trans women) in the U.S. A search of the PubMed database and HIV-related conference abstracts generated over 2,200 articles and abstracts. Of these, 103 fulfilled review inclusion criteria. Most of the existing research presents findings on individual-level factors associated with PrEP use such as willingness and perceived barriers. There was far less investigation of factors related to PrEP at more distal ecological levels. Though trans women are at greater risk of HIV infection than cisgender women, less is known about this population group with respect to PrEP despite their inclusion in many major clinical trials. Further, the literature is characterized by a persistent conflation of sex and gender which makes it difficult to accurately assess the reviewed research on HIV prevention and PrEP apart from risk group. Informed by these findings, we highlight specific opportunities to improve access to PrEP and reduce socioecological barriers to PrEP care engagement for cisgender and transgender women.
“It’s a Little Bit Tricky”: Results from the POLYamorous Childbearing and Birth Experiences Study (POLYBABES)
Authors: Landry Samantha , Arseneau Erika , Darling Elizabeth K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe number of polyamorous people in Canada is growing steadily, and many polyamorous people are of childbearing age and report living with children. Experiences of polyamorous families, particularly those related to pregnancy and childbirth, have thus far been underrepresented in the literature. The POLYamorous Childbearing and Birth Experiences Study (POLYBABES) sought to explore the pregnancy and birth experiences of polyamorous people. Having previously reported findings relating to experiences with the health system and healthcare providers, this article specifically focuses on the social aspects of polyamorous families’ experiences. We explored the impact of polyamory on one’s self identity, relationship structures, and experiences navigating the social world. Anyone who self-identified as polyamorous during pregnancy and birth, gave birth in Canada within 5 years, and received some prenatal care was eligible to participate in this study. Participants were recruited through social media and interviewed online or in person. Twenty-four participants were interviewed (11 birthing people and 13 of their partners). Thematic analysis was used to explore the data, and four primary themes were identified: deliberately planning families, more is more, presenting polyamory, and living in a mononormative world. Each theme was further broken down into a number of sub-themes. We also collaborated with research participants to create a glossary of terms. By exploring the pregnancy and birth experiences of polyamorous families and focusing on participant voices, this research adds to the limited research on polyamorous families and contributes to the process of breaking down stigma associated with alternative family structures. Further, by creating an accessible glossary of terms, researchers and lay persons alike have been given access to a meaningful resource.
Direct electrospinning of cellulose in the DBU-CO2 switchable solvent system
Authors: Heidari Mina , Onwukamike Kelechukwu N. , Grau Etienne , Grelier Stéphane , Cramail Henri , Meier Michael A. R. , Greiner Andreas 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We report the use of the DBU-CO2 switchable solvent system for the direct electrospinning of cellulose. Two cellulose types were investigated, i.e. microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and cellulose pulp (CP). The morphologies of the obtained cellulose fibers were studied using scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy. Results obtained showed that only particles with mean diameter about 1.2 μm could be obtained when MCC was used, even at high concentration (10 wt%). In the case of CP, an optimized concentration of 4 wt% resulted in standing fibers with a mean diameter of about 500nm. In order to improve the spinnability of the cellulose, different concentrations and ratios of PVA in combination with cellulose were investigated. The combination of cellulose (both MCC and CP) resulted in the formation of a unique fiber morphology, characterized by a homogeneous bead-like structure. An in-depth study of the fiber structure was carried out using Raman spectroscopy and showed that both cellulose and PVA were present in the formed beads. Finally, the challenge observed remained a complete removal of the solvents, which are not volatile enough, as well as explore a coagulation collection process for the fiber recovery in order to recover and re-use the employed solvent.

Graphic abstract
Young Adulthood Outcomes of Joint Mental Health Trajectories: A Group-Based Trajectory Model Analysis of a 13-Year Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Murray Aja Louise , Nagin Daniel , Obsuth Ingrid , Ribeaud Denis , Eisner Manuel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDevelopmental trajectories of common mental health issues such as ADHD symptoms, internalising problems, and externalising problems can often be usefully summarised in terms of a small number of ‘developmental subtypes’ (e.g., ‘childhood onset’, ‘adolescent onset’) that may differ in their profiles or levels of clinically meaningful variables such as etiological risk factors. However, given the strong tendency for symptoms in these domains to co-occur, it is important to consider not only developmental subtypes in each domain individually, but also the joint developmental subtypes defined by symptoms trajectories in all three domains together (e.g., ‘late onset multimorbid’, ‘pure internalising’, ‘early onset multimorbid’). Previous research has illuminated the joint developmental subtypes of ADHD symptoms, internalising problems, and externalising problems that emerge from normative longitudinal data using methods such as group-based trajectory modelling, as well as predictors of membership in these developmental subtypes. However, information on the long-term outcomes of developmental subtype membership is critical to illuminate the likely nature and intensity of support needs required for individuals whose trajectories fit different developmental subtypes. We, therefore, evaluated the relations between developmental subtypes previously derived using group-based trajectory modelling in the z-proso study (n = 1620 with trajectory data at ages 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15) and early adulthood outcomes. Individuals with multimorbid trajectories but not ‘pure’ internalising problem elevations showed higher levels of social exclusion and delinquency at age 20. These associations held irrespective of the specific developmental course of symptoms (e.g., early versus late onset versus remitting). There was also some evidence that intimate partner violence acts as a form of heterotypic continuity for earlier externalising problems. Results underline the need for early intervention to address the pathways that lead to social exclusion and delinquency among young people with multiple co-occurring mental health issues.
The unique effects of Covid-19 – A qualitative study of the factors that influence teachers’ acceptance and usage of digital tools
Authors: Wohlfart Olivia , Trumler Tim , Wagner Ingo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study is to examine the factors that influence teachers’ acceptance of digital tools for undertaking distance teaching during the Covid-19 pandemic. Based on the variables of the technology acceptance model, we have conducted interviews with 15 secondary school teachers with varying degrees of professional experiences and combinations of subjects, from the federal state of Baden-Wuerttemberg in Germany and analyzed the same. The results indicate that, other than user motivation, three areas, namely “regulations and specifications,” “technological infrastructure,” and “heterogeneity of students and teachers,” affect the adoption of digital tools. The Covid-19 pandemic, which inevitably led teachers to embrace digital tools, positively influenced the perception and immediate usefulness of digital tools. We assert that no other variable would have been able to universally influence technology usage and acceptance to such an extent as to replicate the findings of our study and simultaneously highlight the uniqueness of the current situation and the necessity for examining its impact.
The Implications of COVID-19 for Early Childhood Education in Ethiopia: Perspectives from Parents and Caregivers
Authors: Kim Janice H. , Araya Mesele , Hailu Belay Hagos , Rose Pauline M. , Woldehanna Tassew 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRecent research on the effects of COVID-19 on school closures has mainly focused on primary and secondary education, with extremely limited attention to early childhood education (ECE). To address this gap, we identify the extent to which parents and caregivers with pre-primary school-aged children were engaged in their children’s learning during school closures in Ethiopia. Our focus on Ethiopia is of particular relevance given that ECE provision has expanded dramatically in recent years, aimed at ensuring children are prepared for primary school. Using data collected through a phone survey with 480 parents and caregivers, the results revealed that learning disruption due to COVID-19 school closures is likely to be substantial and will probably widen existing inequalities further. Many poorer households and those where parents or caregivers are not literate, are less likely to have child-oriented learning resources, and home learning activities between parents and children in these households are limited. The study highlights that greater attention needs to be paid to mitigate the threats of COVID-19 on Ethiopia’s recent gains in ECE, to prevent the pandemic from further reinforcing inequalities between children from advantaged and disadvantaged households.
Truncated pair-wise likelihood for the Brown-Resnick process with applications to maximum temperature data
Authors: Huang Zhendong , Shulyarenko Olga , Ferrari Davide 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMax-stable processes are a natural extension of multivariate extreme value theory important for modeling the spatial dependence of environmental extremes. Inference for max-stable processes observed at several spatial locations is challenging due to the intractability of the full likelihood function. Composite likelihood methods avoid these difficulties by combining a number of low-dimensional likelihood objects, typically defined on pairs or triplets of spatial locations. This work develops a new truncation procedure based on ℓ1-penalty to reduce the complexity and computational cost associated with the composite likelihood function. The new method is shown to achieve a favorable trade-off between computational burden and statistical efficiency by dropping a number of noisy sub-likelihoods. The properties of the new method are illustrated through numerical simulations and an application to real extreme temperature data.
Exploring hierarchical porous silica-supported Ag3PO4 as high-efficient and environmental-friendly photocatalytic disinfectant
Authors: Zheng Pei , Jin Bo , Dai Sheng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Silver orthophosphate (Ag3PO4) is an attractive photocatalytic catalyst for disinfection and degradation, but its instability arising from silver release generates significant environmental issue. Aiming to develop a highly efficient and environmental-friendly catalyst, we synthesized Ag3PO4 nanoparticle incorporated hierarchical porous silica (Ag3PO4@h-SiO2) as a novel high-performance photocatalytic catalyst without observed silver release. Brain-like hierarchical porous SiO2 (h-SiO2) brings a scaffold support with high surface areas, and the h-SiO2 surface modified thiols are able to anchor in situ formed 10 nm Ag3PO4 to eliminate silver release. Systematic investigations revealed that because of its structural advantages, Ag3PO4@h-SiO2 show excellent disinfection and degradation ability under visible-light irradiation and stable characteristics without obviously observed silver leaching during photo-oxidation operation. In-depth scavenger study reveals Ag3PO4@h-SiO2 as an effective semiconducting photocatalyst stimulates the production of photo-generated reactive species, which dominate its distinguished disinfection performance via photo-oxidation.

Graphical abstract
Ag3PO4 are anchored to thiol modified hierarchical porous SiO2 to produce a visible-light responsive photocatalyst of Ag3PO4@h-SiO2. The enhanced catalytic sites and surface areas promote pathogen disinfection, and the structure advantages minimize silver release to environment. Both H2O2 and holes being generated in photocatalysis dominate overall disinfection activity.
Complete resource pooling of a load-balancing policy for a network of battery swapping stations
Authors: Sloothaak Fiona , Cruise James , Shneer Seva , Vlasiou Maria , Zwart Bert 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo reduce carbon emission in the transportation sector, there is currently a steady move taking place to an electrified transportation system. This brings about various issues for which a promising solution involves the construction and operation of a battery swapping infrastructure rather than in-vehicle charging of batteries. In this paper, we study a closed Markovian queueing network that allows for spare batteries under a dynamic arrival policy. We propose a provisioning rule for the capacity levels and show that these lead to near-optimal resource utilization, while guaranteeing good quality-of-service levels for electric vehicle users. Key in the derivations is to prove a state-space collapse result, which in turn implies that performance levels are as good as if there would have been a single station with an aggregated number of resources, thus achieving complete resource pooling.
Test–retest reliability of the EQ-5D-5L and the reworded QOLIBRI-OS in the general population of Italy, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom
Authors: Long Di , Polinder Suzanne , Bonsel Gouke J. , Haagsma Juanita A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the test–retest reliability of the EQ-5D-5L and the reworded Quality of Life After Traumatic Brain Injury Overall Scale (QOLIBRI-OS) for the general population of Italy, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom (UK).

Methods
The sample contains 1864 members of the general population (aged 18–75 years) of Italy, the Netherlands, and the UK who completed a web-based questionnaire at two consecutive time points. The survey included items on gender, age, level of education, occupational status, household annual income, chronic health status, and the EQ-5D-5L and reworded QOLIBRI-OS instrument. Test–retest reliability of the EQ-5D-5L dimensions, EQ-5D-5L summary index, EQ VAS, reworded QOLIBRI-OS dimensions and reworded QOLIBRI-OS level sum score was examined by Gwet’s Agreement Coefficient (Gwet’s AC) and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC).

Results
Gwet’s AC ranged from 0.64 to 0.97 for EQ-5D-5L dimensions. The ICC ranged from 0.73 to 0.84 for the EQ-5D-5L summary index and 0.61 to 0.68 for EQ VAS in the three countries. Gwet’s AC ranged from 0.35 to 0.55 for reworded QOLIBRI-OS dimensions in the three countries. The ICC ranged from 0.69 to 0.77 for reworded QOLIBRI-OS level sum score.

Conclusion
Test–retest reliability of the EQ-5D-5L administered via a web-based questionnaire was substantial to almost perfect for the EQ-5D-5L dimensions, good for EQ-5D-5L summary index, and moderate for the EQ VAS. However, test–retest reliability was less satisfactory for the reworded QOLIBRI-OS. This indicates that the web-based EQ-5D-5L is a reliable instrument for the general population, but further research of the reworded QOLIBRI-OS is required.