bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonthermal resection device for ablation of Barrett’s esophagus: a feasibility and safety study
Authors: Gotink Annieke W. , Peters Yonne , Bruno Marco J. , Siersema Peter D. , Koch Arjun D. 
Published: September 2021

Background Several techniques exist for the eradication of Barrett’s esophagus (BE); however, all have limitations regarding successful conversion to squamous epithelium and a complication profile. We aimed to assess the feasibility and safety of a new nonthermal device, the EndoRotor, for the eradication of BE as a first-line ablation technique.
Methods Patients with BE were prospectively included at two tertiary referral centers in The Netherlands. Inclusion criteria: BE length 2–5 cm, with low grade dysplasia, high grade dysplasia, or residual BE after endoscopic resection (ER) of a lesion containing early neoplasia. Exclusion criteria: previous ER > 50 % circumference, or previous ablation therapy. Follow-up endoscopy was performed 3 months after ablation therapy. Outcomes were the percentage of endoscopically visible BE surface regression and complications.
Results 30 patients were included (age 66 years, interquartile range [IQR] 59–73, median BE C0M3, 25 male). Overall, 18 patients underwent ER prior to ablation. Median percentage BE ablated was 100 % (IQR 94 %–100 %). Median visual BE surface regression at 3-month follow-up was 80 % (IQR 68 %–95 %). Multiple residual Barrett’s islands were commonly seen. Six patients (20 %) had a treatment-related complication requiring intervention, including one perforation (3 %), one postprocedural hemorrhage (3 %), and four strictures (13 %). Post-procedural pain was reported in 18 patients (60 %).
Conclusions Endoscopic ablation of BE using this novel nonthermal device was found to be technically demanding, with a longer procedure time compared with established ablation techniques and a high complication rate. Based on these results, we do not recommend its use as a first-line ablation technique for the eradication of BE.
The German CArdioSurgEry Atrial Fibrillation Registry: In-Hospital Outcomes
Authors: Wehbe Mahmoud , Albert Marc , Lewalter Thorsten , Ouarrak Taoufik , Senges Jochen , Hanke Thorsten , Doll Nicolas ,   on behalf of the CASE-AF Investigators
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to describe outcomes of patients undergoing surgical ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) as either stand-alone or concomitant cardiosurgical procedures in Germany.
Methods Patients with AF undergoing concomitant or stand-alone surgical ablation were included in the registry. Cardiac surgery centers across Germany were invited to participate and sought to enroll 1,000 consecutive patients. Data was obtained through electronic case report forms. The protocol mandated follow-up interviews at 1 year.
Results Between January 2017 and April 2020, 17 centers enrolled 1,000 consecutive patients. Among concomitant surgical patients (n = 899), paroxysmal AF was reported in 55.4% patients. Epicardial radio frequency (RF) bilateral pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) with excision of the left atrial appendage (LAA) was the most common operative strategy. In the stand-alone cohort (n = 101), persistent AF forms were reported in 84.1% of patients. Moderate-to-severe symptoms were reported in 85.1%. Sixty-seven patients had previously underwent at least two failed catheter ablative procedures. Thoracoscopic epicardial RF bilateral PVI and completion of a “box-lesion” with LAA closure were frequently preformed. Major cardiac and cerebrovascular complications occurred in 38 patients (4.3%) in the concomitant group. No deaths were reported in the stand-alone group. At discharge, sinus rhythm was achieved in 88.1% of stand-alone and 63.4% concomitant patients.
Conclusion The CArdioSurgEry Atrial Fibrillation registry provides insights into surgical strategies for AF ablation in a considerable cohort across Germany. This in-hospital data demonstrates that concomitant and stand-alone ablation during cardiac surgery is safe and effective with low complication rates.
Correction of Varus Alignment with Peripheral Osteophyte Removal during Total Knee Arthroplasty: An Assessment with Computer Navigation
Authors: Nishihara Nobuhiro , Masuda Hironari , Shimazaki Naoya , Toyooka Seikai , Kawano Hirotaka , Nakagawa Takumi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTechniques for symmetrical balancing in flexion and extension have been described; however, the ideal technique is unclear. This study aimed to clarify whether resection of peripheral osteophytes could restore neutral hip–knee–ankle (HKA) angle of varus deformity of arthritic knees. Data from 90 varus arthritic knees that had undergone total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using a nonimage-based navigation system were analyzed. The change in the coronal mechanical axis, while applying manual valgus stress at extension and 90 degrees of knee flexion, was recorded after the following sequential procedures: (1) anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) sectioning, (2) subperiosteal stripping of the deep medial collateral ligament (MCL) from the underlying osteophytes on the medial tibia, and (3) complete removal of peripheral osteophytes from the proximal medial tibia and distal medial femoral condyle. Repeated measures of analysis of variance (ANOVA) were performed to compare the varus angle among each step, and a post hoc analysis by paired t-test was utilized to compare the parameters between baseline and each step. The varus alignment with valgus stress at extension and 90 degrees of flexion (mean: 6.0 ± 3.6 and 5.2 ± 3.9 degrees of varus, respectively) was significantly corrected to a near-neutral mechanical axis (mean: 0.9 ± 2.4 and 1.4 ± 4.2 degrees of varus, respectively) after peripheral osteophyte resection (p < 0.01, both). In many cases, varus deformity of arthritic knees could be corrected to near-neutral HKA angle by applying manual valgus stress after complete peripheral osteophyte resection. These procedures could facilitate soft tissue balancing in TKA, minimizing the risk of overrelease of the medial soft tissues.
Anatomical Models versus Nontactile Distanced Learning in Otolaryngology Teaching
Authors: Pandya Aashish , Mistry Dylan , Owens David 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction Medical schools in the United Kingdom are under increasing pressure to provide more streamlined, applicable teaching due to rising numbers of trainee doctors but are failing to meet their educational need for otolaryngology. The recent novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has placed additional pressures on medical schools to adapt the medium over which the curriculum is delivered. The use of tactile learning with three-dimensional models and distanced learning via videoconferencing may provide alternative teaching methods to meet otolaryngology undergraduate learning requirements. This pilot study aimed to assess the differences in undergraduate student attitudes toward tactile learning via nontactile distanced learning and review their acceptability among this cohort.
Methods Two groups of medical students observed a single educational event on the larynx and management of the airway. The learning opportunity was delivered in a lecture format with the lecturer demonstrating on an anatomical model of the larynx. Group one (tactile group) had an identical model to interact with during the lecture and were present within the lecture theater; group two (nontactile group) did not and observed the lecture via video link. Students were asked to rank their opinion to several statements about the session based on an 11-point Likert's scale and give qualitative feedback.
Results All ranked feedback was mainly positive. Tactile learning was statistically equivalent to nontactile learning based on the ranked feedback from the students, except for “improvement in anatomical knowledge,” for which the students believed tactile learning was superior (p = 0.017). A variety of qualitative feedback was received by both groups.
Conclusion This pilot study provides evidence for the acceptability among students of the use of nontactile distanced learning to deliver the otolaryngology undergraduate curriculum compared with tactile learning. This can provide the basis for larger studies to assess the educational impact of these different teaching methods.
Association of Fluid Overload with Escalation of Respiratory Support and Endotracheal Intubation in Acute Bronchiolitis Patients
Authors: Baloglu Orkun , Flagg Lauren K. , Suleiman Ahmad , Gupta Vedant , Fast Jamie A. , Wang Lu , Worley Sarah , Agarwal Hemant S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFluid overload has been associated with increased oxygen requirement, prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation, and longer length of hospital stay in children hospitalized with pulmonary diseases. Critically ill infants with bronchiolitis admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) also tend to develop fluid overload and there is limited information of its role on noninvasive respiratory support. Thus, our primary objective was to study the association of fluid overload in patients with bronchiolitis admitted to the PICU with respiratory support escalation (RSE) and need for endotracheal intubation (ETI). Infants ≤24 months of age with bronchiolitis and admitted to the PICU between 9/2009 and 6/2015 were retrospectively studied. Demographic variables, clinical characteristics including type of respiratory support and need for ETI were evaluated. Fluid overload as assessed by net fluid intake and output (net fluid balance), cumulative fluid balance (CFB) (mL/kg), and percentage fluid overload (FO%), was compared between patients requiring and not requiring RSE and among patients requiring ETI and not requiring ETI at 0 (PICU admission), 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours. One-hundred sixty four of 283 patients with bronchiolitis admitted to the PICU qualified for our study. Thirty-four of 164 (21%) patients required escalation of respiratory support within 5 days of PICU admission and of these 34 patients, 11 patients required ETI. Univariate analysis by Kruskal-Wallis test of fluid overload as assessed by net fluid balance, CFB, and FO% between 34 patients requiring and 130 patients not requiring RSE and among 11 patients requiring ETI and 153 patients not requiring ETI, at 0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours did not reveal any significant difference (p >0.05) at any time interval. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed higher PRISM score (odds ratio [OR]: 4.95, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.79–13.66; p = 0.002), longer hours on high flow nasal cannula (OR: 4.86, 95% CI: 1.68–14.03; p = 0.003) and longer hours on noninvasive ventilation (OR: 11.16, 95% CI: 3.36–36.98; p < 0.001) were associated with RSE. Fluid overload as assessed by net fluid balance, CFB, and FO% was not associated with RSE or need for ETI in critically ill bronchiolitis patients admitted to the PICU. Further prospective studies involving larger number of patients with bronchiolitis are needed to corroborate our findings.
Localized nodal solutions for semiclassical Choquard equations
Authors: He Rui , Liu Xiangqing 
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we study the existence of localized nodal solutions for the semiclassical Choquard equation −ε2Δu+V(x)u=ε−α(Iα*|u|p)|u|p−2u for x∈RN. We establish for small ɛ the existence of a sequence of localized nodal solutions concentrating near a given local minimum point of the potential function V by using the perturbation method and the method of invariant sets of descending flow.
Research on thermal properties of flexible electronic devices under solar radiation
Authors: Wang Bo , Sun Chen , Chen Jubing 
Published: September 2021

Flexible electronic technology is now widely developed in wearable products for humans and the detection of physiological characteristics, track tracking, and analysis of the living environment for animals and plants. In these application scenarios, flexible electronic devices (FEDs) may work outdoors for a long time and may be exposed to strong solar radiation, which may cause the temperature of FEDs to be too high and affect their stability. Hence, a quantitative description of the thermal properties of FEDs is helpful to provide a reference for the design of related FEDs. This paper establishes a three-dimensional thermal analysis model, verified by the finite element method and experiments, to analyze the temperature increase in the interface of the device under solar radiation and generated by the device itself, and analyzes the parameters that have an influence on the temperature increase in the interface, including the thickness of the substrate and the encapsulated layer and the power of the device. On this basis, the contributions for these parameters to the temperature increase in the interface are further compared.
Tetraspanin 6 is a regulator of carcinogenesis in colorectal cancer
Authors: Andrijes Regina , Hejmadi Rahul K. , Pugh Matthew , Rajesh Sundaresan , Novitskaya Vera , Ibrahim Maha , Overduin Michael , Tselepis Chris , Middleton Gary W. , Győrffy Balázs , Beggs Andrew D. , Berditchevski Fedor 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Tetraspanin protein (Tspan6) is a member of the tetraspanin family. Using a combination of in vitro and in vivo assays, we demonstrate that Tspan6 functions as a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer (CRC) by attenuating the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)–based signaling axis. Tspan6 forms a tripartite complex with transmembrane form of TGF-α and an adaptor protein syntenin-1 and negatively regulates secretion of TGF-α. The expression of Tspan6 is frequently decreased in CRC, and this correlates with poor survival. Importantly, the expression of Tspan6 in CRC correlated independently of tumor molecular profile with better patient responses to Cetuximab, an EGFR-targeted therapy. These results identify Tspan6 as a regulator of CRC development and a potential predictive biomarker for EGFR-targeted therapies.
The endogenous circadian system worsens asthma at night independent of sleep and other daily behavioral or environmental cycles
Authors: Scheer Frank A. J. L. , Hilton Michael F. , Evoniuk Heather L. , Shiels Sally A. , Malhotra Atul , Sugarbaker Rena , Ayers R. Timothy , Israel Elliot , Massaro Anthony F. , Shea Steven A. 
Published: September 2021

Significance
For centuries, it has been recognized that asthma severity shows a daily rhythm, with the worst symptoms at night. However, it is unclear to what degree this is driven by everyday behaviors, such as sleep, physical activity, and body posture changes, versus intrinsic rhythms generated by the internal body clock (i.e., the circadian system). To distinguish the contribution of the circadian system, patients with asthma underwent two complementary gold-standard circadian protocols: a constant routine and a forced desynchrony protocol. These highly standardized protocols revealed that the endogenous circadian system plays a significant role in modulating pulmonary function and asthma severity independent of sleep and other daily behavioral or environmental cycles. Moreover, these circadian influences summate with daily behavioral and environmental effects to drive asthma to be worst at night.
The adaptive challenge of extreme conditions shapes evolutionary diversity of plant assemblages at continental scales
Authors: Neves Danilo M. , Kerkhoff Andrew J. , Echeverría-Londoño Susy , Merow Cory , Morueta-Holme Naia , Peet Robert K. , Sandel Brody , Svenning Jens-Christian , Wiser Susan K. , Enquist Brian J. 
Published: September 2021

Significance
We explore an extended view of the tropical conservatism hypothesis to account for two often-neglected components of climatic stress: drought and the combined effect of seasonal cold and drought—the latter being a common feature of extratropical dry environments. We show that evolutionary diversity of angiosperm assemblages in extratropical dry biomes is even lower than in biomes subject to only one type of climatic stress. We further show that evolutionary diversity in many assemblages from eastern North America is higher or comparable to that of tropical moist forests, suggesting that some extratropical moist biomes have accumulated angiosperm lineages over deep evolutionary timescales with their flora assembled from lineages that represent the entirety of the angiosperm tree of life.
Translational value of choroid plexus imaging for tracking neuroinflammation in mice and humans
Authors: Fleischer Vinzenz , Gonzalez-Escamilla Gabriel , Ciolac Dumitru , Albrecht Philipp , Küry Patrick , Gruchot Joel , Dietrich Michael , Hecker Christina , Müntefering Thomas , Bock Stefanie , Oshaghi Mohammadsaleh , Radetz Angela , Cerina Manuela , Krämer Julia , Wachsmuth Lydia , Faber Cornelius , Lassmann Hans , Ruck Tobias , Meuth Sven G. , Muthuraman Muthuraman , Groppa Sergiu 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Neuroinflammation is a hallmark of multiple sclerosis and is linked to neurodegeneration. This study provides pathophysiological insights into the cross-dependency between neuroinflammation and choroid plexus characteristics in both mice and humans. Our work relates an enlargement of choroid plexus volume to ongoing neuroinflammation and emerging clinical disability in two large cohorts of multiple sclerosis patients as well as in two mouse models, the cuprizone diet-related demyelination and the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Choroid plexus characterization as measured by high-resolution MRI thus represents a reliable and translatable interspecies marker for the quantification of neuroinflammation and disease trajectories that is strongly associated with functional outcomes.
Hairless regulates heterochromatin maintenance and muscle stem cell function as a histone demethylase antagonist
Authors: Liu Ling , Rodriguez-Mateo Cristina , Huang Polly , Huang Albin , Lieu Alexander , Mao Michelle , Chung Mingyu , Yang Sharon , Yu Kevin , Charville Gregory W. , Gan Qiang , Rando Thomas A. 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Skeletal muscle stem cells (MuSCs) exhibit a high content of heterochromatin. However, little is known about the functional importance of heterochromatin maintenance in MuSC homeostasis. Our study uncovered the role of the Hairless (Hr) gene in protecting the integrity of heterochromatin in MuSCs. We characterized the molecular function of Hr and demonstrated its role as an antagonist to Histone 3 Lysine 9 demethylases. Our work has implications for the importance of heterochromatin maintenance in stem cell function during aging.
Mitochondria-localized AMPK responds to local energetics and contributes to exercise and energetic stress-induced mitophagy
Authors: Drake Joshua C. , Wilson Rebecca J. , Laker Rhianna C. , Guan Yuntian , Spaulding Hannah R. , Nichenko Anna S. , Shen Wenqing , Shang Huayu , Dorn Maya V. , Huang Kian , Zhang Mei , Bandara Aloka B. , Brisendine Matthew H. , Kashatus Jennifer A. , Sharma Poonam R. , Young Alexander , Gautam Jitendra , Cao Ruofan , Wallrabe Horst , Chang Paul A. , Wong Michael , Desjardins Eric M. , Hawley Simon A. , Christ George J. , Kashatus David F. , Miller Clint L. , Wolf Matthew J. , Periasamy Ammasi , Steinberg Gregory R. , Hardie D. Grahame , Yan Zhen 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Here, we present unequivocal evidence of physical association of AMPK holoenzymes with mitochondrial reticulum (mitoAMPK) across multiple mouse tissues with evidence of conservation in human skeletal muscle and heart. We demonstrate that mitoAMPK is activated heterogeneously across the mitochondrial reticulum by mitochondrial energetic stress. Finally, we present evidence that suggests activation of mitoAMPK in skeletal muscle is required for mitophagy. We propose that mitoAMPK responds to mitochondrial microenvironment cues to maintain energetic homeostasis through mitochondrial quality control.
Ethnic studies increases longer-run academic engagement and attainment
Authors: Bonilla Sade , Dee Thomas S. , Penner Emily K. 
Published: September 2021

SignificanceAnti-racist curricula and teaching methods are a potentially potent way for schools to better promote a just society and improve educational outcomes for low-income students and students of color. Ethnic studies (ES) courses in K–12 schools are an increasingly common and prominent example of such culturally relevant and critically engaged practice. Proponents tout the benefits of ES for increasing student engagement and academic outcomes, yet there is little causal evidence supporting these claims. In this study, we use a preregistered regression-discontinuity research design to identify the longer-term impacts on educational attainment and engagement of being assigned to an ES course in grade 9. We find that assignment to ES substantially increased high school graduation, attendance, and the probability of enrolling in college.
Increasing and decreasing interregional brain coupling increases and decreases oscillatory activity in the human brain
Authors: Sel Alejandra , Verhagen Lennart , Angerer Katharina , David Raluca , Klein-Flügge Miriam C. , Rushworth Matthew F.S. 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Oscillatory activity is prominent in the brain, and one hypothesis is that it is, in part, due to the nature of coupling or interaction patterns between brain areas. We tested this hypothesis by manipulating the strength of coupling between two brain regions (ventral premotor cortex, PMv, and motor cortex, M1) in two directions (increase or decrease) while carefully controlling for the impact each manipulation had on activity in each area. We looked at the PMv–M1 connection because it is the major cortical route by which prefrontal cortex might influence, inhibit, and curtail action-related activity in M1. Manipulating PMv–M1 coupling in accordance with Hebbian-like spike-timing–dependent plasticity resulted in changes in beta and theta frequencies linked to action control.
Learning nonnative speech sounds changes local encoding in the adult human cortex
Authors: Yi Han G. , Chandrasekaran Bharath , Nourski Kirill V. , Rhone Ariane E. , Schuerman William L. , Howard Matthew A. , Chang Edward F. , Leonard Matthew K. 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Speech sound learning in adulthood is a highly dynamic process. Here, we used direct neurophysiology of the human brain to examine learning-associated changes in neural activity with unprecedented spatiotemporal detail. While native English listeners were trained to identify unfamiliar pitch patterns in Mandarin, local neural populations throughout the cortex showed a diverse set of encoding properties for Mandarin sounds that tracked behavioral performance. While previous neuroimaging studies have focused on highlighting general differences across broad cortical regions, we demonstrate that these functionally heterogeneous populations are spatially interspersed with one another. These findings provide insight into how the human brain strikes a balance between stability and plasticity during learning in adulthood.
A second S4 movement opens hyperpolarization-activated HCN channels
Authors: Wu Xiaoan , Ramentol Rosamary , Perez Marta E. , Noskov Sergei Yu , Larsson H. Peter 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels are essential for the rhythmic activity of pacemaker cells in the heart and brain. How the movement of the voltage sensor, which is triggered by hyperpolarization of the membrane voltage, causes HCN channels to open is not clear. Here, we found that in HCN channels, the voltage sensor moves in two steps in response to hyperpolarizations and that the second voltage sensor step correlates with gate opening. A better understanding of HCN channel gating will aid in the development of better antiarrhythmic drugs.