bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Quality of Drinking Water from Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Usikalu Mojisola R. , Ayara Williams , Ayanbisi Olusegun , Fola-Emmanuel Ayanfe , Okechukwu Chisom 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Human survival is largely dependent on the quality of available drinking water. It is worth of knowing that drinking water from any source contain amount of trace elements. This study investigated the physiochemical parameters and analyzed the trace elements concentration in drinking water in Ogun State, Southwestern Nigeria. Water samples were collected from all the local government areas of the State. The pH, electrical conductivity and trace element of each sample were determined using the pH meter, electrical conductivity meter and atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) respectively. The pH measured varies between 5.02 and 7.35 and the electrical conductivity obtained ranged between 23.7 and 336 µScm

−1
. The trace elements determined in the samples were Copper (Cu), Calcium (Ca), Chromium (Cr), Zinc (Zn), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn) and Nickel (Ni) with mean concentrations 71.72, 0.53, 0.44, 0.08, 0.36, 0, 0.002 mgl

−1
and respectively. The study revealed that 80% of the water samples were acidic and electrical conductivity measured were within set limit except for a location. The trace element concentrations measured were within acceptable limits except for copper concentation that exceeded the set limit for drinking water. The study therefore recommended periodic monitoring of the water in order to ascertian the quality of water supply to the entire State.
Progress on Organic Solar Cells: A Short Review
Authors: Kesinro R. O. , Boyo A. O , Akinyemi M. L. , Emetere M. E. , Aizebeokhai A. P. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Thin film organic solar cells have emerged as a replacement to inorganic solar cells based on silicon. Organic solar cells offer several advantages compared to silicon-based devices. In the last 10 years, concentrated research attempts towards accomplishing the mandatory power conversion efficiency of 10 % and environmental stability of the device still remain a main challenge. In order to influence the efficiency, polymers are frequently utilized to fabricate the absorber and buffer layers. Also, binary and tenary polymer blends have been devised to influence the performance in micro/nanostructures. In addition, the advantages of organic solar cells for realistic application, and potential solutions are also considered.
Youth Farmers, Shocks and Food Security in Nigeria
Authors: Osabohien Romanus R. , Olurinola Isaiah O. , Matthew Oluwatoyin A. , Edafe Oluwatosin D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Shocks are insufficiently handled in many developing countries, including Nigeria. At least 60percent of the farmers in Nigeria lack adequate safety net coverage to mitigate the effect of shocks. Thus, this study examines how shocks affect youth farmers and its possible effect on food security in Nigeria. This study makes use of Wave 4 (2018/2019) of the Living Standard Measurement Study-Integrated Survey on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA) data, applying the Propensity Score Matching (PMS) model and the two-sample t-test. Findings from the PSM showed that households affected by shocks are less food secure. This is validated from the two-sample t-test; which tests for the potential impact of shocks on household food security. The results showed that though a higher percentage of the households (94.42percent) are not affected by shocks, compared to those affected by shocks (2.58percent), but are worse-off by 0.007percent in terms food security. This means that households who are not affected by shocks are more food secured by 0.007percent. Therefore, based on the findings, it is recommended that appropriate measures be adopted by the Nigerian government, such as providing social protection, safety nets, credit facilities amongst others, to help increase agricultural productivity in order to sustain food security.
Carbon Emission And Population Growth: Evidence From The Magna Cum Laude Oil Producing African Countries
Authors: Daramola P. , Obindah G. , Matthew O. , Ihayere O. , Ejemeyovwi J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Ample amount of scientific effort has been applied to question the potentials of fossil fuel combustion and other carbon emission sources which in turn has impact on human population growth. This study sought to find the extent of which carbon emissions impact population growth among the Magna cum Oil producing Africa countries. The study utilises panel data analysis within the sample period: 2000–2019 using the Pooled Ordinary Least Squares and the Feasible General Least Square. The results of the research revealed the existence of a significant and negative relationship. This therefore, makes this subject an issue of critical policy interest and requires immediate actions and makes this research very significant in recent times as it considers several countries within the study’s scope.
Liquid Liabilities and Growth Finance Nexus: Implications for Nigeria’s Energy Sector
Authors: Bello H T , Osabuohien E S , Ayadi F , Ejemeyovwi J O 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Liquid liabilities are required for the development of key sectors that drive the Nigerian economy by ensuring that credits are made available for investment purposes. However, controversies concerning the effectiveness of investments in fostering economic growth in Nigeria exist. These studies focus on the relationship amid liquid liabilities and finance for growth in Nigeria, with specific insight and implications for Nigeria’s energy sector. In achieving its objective, the study utilizes data from secondary sources from the annual CBN (1980-2018). This study finds that gross domestic savings significantly drive finance for growth in the long-run compared to stock market development and Remittance inflows. The findings imply that to finance growth efficiently in the Nigerian economy, attention should be paid to liquid liability development policies such as driving gross domestic savings by all stakeholders and attention should be paid to the Nigerian energy sector as it possesses the potential to both be a source of liquid liability and a viable investment option.
Natural radionuclide and radiological impact assessment of teak plantation, University of Ilorin, Kwara State
Authors: Orosun M. M. , Enemuwe C. A. , Usikalu M. R. , Salawu N. B. , Abdulraheem I. A. , Udouso V. B. , Adagunodo T. A. , Babarimisa I.O. , Akinpelu A. , Achuka J.A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The amount of naturally occurring radionuclide in Teak plantation was measured using gamma ray spectrometer RS-125. This device gave an in-situ measurement of radioactivity concentration of 40K, 232Th, 238U and dose rate. The data was taken in 20 locations, the overall mean dose rate (DR) is 47.8150 Gyh−1. The overall mean activity concentrations for 40K, 232Th, 238U are 456.1975 BqKg−1, 29.0245 BqKg−1 and 26.2080 BqKg−1 respectively. It was also observed that only the estimated outdoor dose rate D of 40K at study location L1 exceeded the world limit of 57nGyh−1. This could be due to its closeness to the university main gate with lots of possible interfering human activities around the gate area. However, further study on detailed geochemical investigation is required to reach at some conclusion. By comparing the mean values of the activity concentrations and their radiological risks with the several world standards, it can be concluded that the Teak plantation is highly rich in Potassium.
Long term hydrochemical analysis and quality assessment of five dams in Lesotho, Southern Africa
Authors: Olaleye A.O , Akinyemi J.O , Odusanya O A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Lesotho, is a mountainous country located within South Africa. Water is one of the major export earnings. One of the major dams in Lesotho is called Mohale Dam built at a cost of US$1.5 billion. It has five inflow dams at: Bokoaneng, Bokong, Likalaneng, Jorodane and Senquyanne. There is sparse data on water quality of these dams, hence, data were collected between 2009 and 2012 to monitor and assess the water quality for drinking using these parameters: Na, K, Ca, Mg, electrical conductivity (EC), pH, total hardness (TH) and turbidity. These were compared with the WHO standard for drinking water. Data were analysed using these procedures: means (PROC MEANS) and cluster (PORC CLUSTER) of Statistical Analysis Systems, and trilinear plots/Piper diagram. Results showed that across sites, these variables (i.e. pH, EC, Ca, Na, K, Mg, TH, and turbidity fluctuated across sites and years and still far lower than the critical limits of the WHO as drinking water quality. The only parameter that was relatively high, when compared to the stringent water quality of APHA, AWA and WEF [ 25] standard for drinking was the mean turbidity which ranged between 1.32±0.27 (Bokoaneng) and 4.70±1.26 (Jorodane). However, when compared to the WHO [2] standard for drinking water quality of 5.00 NTU [23], it is still acceptable. The Piper diagram classified the water as sulfate-chloride dominated, though when compared to the critical values of WHO limits of 250mg/L (Cl) and 400 mg/L (SO4
2-) it is still very low as these values are still ≤ 5 mg/L. As at the time of data collection, there was no source of contaminants. However, the aforementioned values were the highest for a dam located at Likalaneng. As, such, it is imperative that sources of the “seemingly” high values should be identified as this might build up over the years.
Assessing workers’ productivity through biophilic design as a measure of sustainability in selected office buildings in Lagos state, Nigeria
Authors: Aduwo E B , Akinwole O O , Okpanachi P O 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
With developers seeking minimalist designs that maximise space with land being at a premium, the quality of life has been neglected amidst the technological advancement and development. Human beings require contact with nature now more than ever to live healthy, productive lives. This affiliation with nature is what is described as Biophilia. Biophilic design is the incorporation of elements of nature into the design of spaces and is regarded as an extension of sustainability. Lagos is often described as the city with the fastest growing economy, which implies a lot of business activities are sprung up and the need for a sustainable working environment cannot be overemphasised. This study assesses the influence of biophilic design strategies on the productivity of users in selected office buildings in Lagos state, Nigeria. The study adopts a stratified random sampling technique to select respondents who are mainly users of the selected buildings. Data obtained from respondents was analysed using regression analysis. Findings reveal that biophilic design strategies has a significant influence on workers’ productivity, however the biophilic elements occurred as isolated occurrences of nature as to a culminated effect. The study recommends early-on integration of biophilic design patterns to attain maximum effect, as well as the proper integration of biophilic design elements.
Impact Of Atmospheric Parameters And Noise Temperature On Digital Terrestrial Television Signal Strength Overkarshi Area, Abuja, North-Central, Nigeria
Authors: Ojo Joseph Sunday , Ayegba Abdullahi , Adediji Adekunle Titus 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the impact of atmospheric parameters (atmospheric temperature, pressure, relative humidity and wind speed) and noise temperature on digital terrestrial television signal strength over Karshi area, Abuja, North-Central part of Nigeria has been examined. Measurements were taken for a period of nine months (April 2019 – December 2019) to cover the commencement of rainy period and towards the end of rainy period. The results showed that atmospheric and noise temperature as well as wind speed weakly influenced the signal strength while relative humidity strongly influenced the signal strength. The effect of atmospheric pressure over the signal strength was not consistent during the period of measurement. The signal strength of AIT, NTA, Channels TV and ETV were negatively affected by the atmospheric temperature up to about88.8%, 25.6%, 16.5% and 93.2%, respectively; the noise temperature up to about 85.3%, 13.4%, 5.9% and 90.7% respectively and wind speed by about 89.2%, 26.8%, 16.3%, and 92.4%respectively. However, the signal strength was affected positively by the relative humidity up to about 87.9%, 18.7%, 10.1% and 92.4% respectively, while the atmospheric pressure affected NTA and Channels TV negatively by about 21.3% and 26.8%, respectively and affected AIT and ETV positively by about 22.7% and 26.8%, respectively. Findings from this study will be of help to satellite link designers, policy makers, antenna modelers and other TV transmission equipment designers on how to mitigate the effect of some of the atmospheric components on digital terrestrial signal strength reception in Nigeria.
Real Sector Business Outlook and the Effectiveness of Monetary Policy on the Real Sector in Nigeria
Authors: Oladimeji Ebenezer O. , Bowale Ebenezer K. , Okodua Henry 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The effectiveness of monetary policy on the real sector has been a major concern of the monetary authority in Nigeria, over a few years ago. This has resulted in series of regulatory actions of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) to ensure more funds/credit are channeled to the sector, in line with the policy objectives of the government to improve the sector. The inability of the real sector investors to meet up with their loan repayment obligations sometimes restricts the flow of this credit from the banking system to the sector, thereby jeopardizing the efforts of the monetary authority. This study, while investigating this concern, observed a similar trend pattern between real sector business outlook and real productive activities; this warranted the inclusion of this variable in the model that was estimated with SVAR. The results revealed a significant estimate of 7.95583; which is a contemporaneous response of credit to real sector to shocks from real sector business outlook. Also, an average of 0.21% variation in real output is explained by structural innovations from real sector business outlook. This means that as business or macroeconomic environment improves, the real investors invest more by accessing credit from the banking system; also, the banks are more confident of loan repayment, as the improved macroeconomic environment is expected to support business growth.
Sustainability Assessment of the Engineering Properties of Asphalt Concrete Incorporating Pulverized Snail Shell Ash as Partial Replacement for Filler
Authors: Modupe A. E. , Fadugba O. G. , Busari A. A. , Adeboje A. O. , Aladegboye O. J. , Alejolowo O. O. , Chukwuma C. G. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In furtherance to the search for reliable and cost-effective road construction materials which is expected to engender the development of sustainable and less expensive pavements, coupled with the increase in agricultural wastes due to the current rise in the consumption of white meat, this research investigated the engineering properties of modified bitumen and subsequent performance of asphaltic concrete incorporating Pulverized Snail Shell Ash (PSSA) as strength modifier and filler. In order to achieve specific objectives, preliminary physical and chemical tests were initialized to characterize the virgin bitumen and snail shell ash. Pulverized proportions of the snail shell ash were blended with bitumen at 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 % and 50 % respectively by weight of mineral aggregates; and subsequently incorporated as filler at the same proportions. The rotational viscometer and penetrometer were engaged to determine the viscosity and penetration of the modified bitumen, and the Marshall mix design method was used to determine the mechanical and rheological characteristics of the resultant asphaltic concrete composites. The modification of bitumen with snail shell ash resulted in a decrease in penetration of virgin bitumen from 80/100 pen to 60/70 pen, including the rotational viscosity. Different mixtures of PSSA at the aforementioned proportions, were evaluated by the design method according to Marshall. The stability was found to be higher than the control mix at 30% of grade which satisfied the Marshall specification for wearing course mixes. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) showed the presence of Oxygen and Calcium in the Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) modified with PSSA, while the scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed a good blend of the aggregates. The results suggest feasible use of PSSA as partial aggregate substitution in HMA. It was noted that the PSSA was finer than the conventional mineral filler and it filled the voids, engendered a stiffer, and denser mix, as well as reduced the number of voids present in the mix and increased its stability. Experimental results indicated higher stability value of 35.08 KN for the mixture having 30% PSSA as optimum filler content in comparison with conventional mix which was 34.7 kN and standard specification of 34 kN minimum. This study has therefore established the feasibility of using PSSA as alternative filler instead of the conventional in asphalt concrete mix by satisfying the standard specification. Also making the reuse of agricultural waste possible, thereby making construction cost cheaper, and also reducing waste.
Temperature and Short- wave Irradiation Trends in Ikogosi Climatic Change Pattern
Authors: Abodunrin T.J. , Emetere M.E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Every living or non-living thing has its unique temperature consequent of absorption of electromagnetic radiation, light. The source of this molecular kinetic is Solar energy incident on Earth’s surface, the sole supplier of life on the planet. This phenomenon markedly determines the climatic conditions in our habitat. Atypical of previous much-required characteristic balance in nature, myriads of surface processes, ranging from evaporation, photosynthesis and even terrestrial carbon uptake effects are becoming altered in nature. These effects on long-term timing of events defines global warming, it distinguishes the diurnal from seasonal course of surface temperatures and shortwave radiation which contains larger quantity of energy and longwave radiation which holds less amount of energy. Earth’s emitted longwave radiation, also has major practical implications on solar energy technologies, agricultural productivity, profound environmental, societal, and economic implications. There is cumulative evidence that the volume of solar radiation incident on the Earth’s surface is not constant but experiences substantial decadal variations. In view of the certainty of unpredictability of these climatic changes, a positive recourse lies in utilizing these enormous natural forces to solve Man’s energy crisis challenge. Thus, this study uses meteorological data from MERRE to investigate the prospect of shortwave radiation in Ikogosi SW Nigeria and its implications technologically and environmentally in the future of energy prospecting first locally, and on a spatial scale.
Multidecadal trends in Ikogosi Temperature and Rainfall to Climate change
Authors: Abodunrin T.J. , Emetere M.E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Ikogosi is located in a humid rainforest typical in its virtually uniform temperature through the year averaging 21°C to 28°C. Thirty-eight years temperature and precipitation data on Ikogosi, reveals a deviation in this erstwhile norm and portends a trend that on short-term and regional variations predict a more extreme warm climate. In contrast to previous ones, the fifth IPCC report emphasizes on the socio-economic facets of climate change. It also discusses on its dual role in sustainability and risk management, it dwells on reducing greenhouse gases and adaptation approaches to climate change. In view of this impending change, precipitation and temperature are vital climatic constraints which should be investigated for deviations that could adversely affect agriculture, architecture, societal and urban planning. Also, since a warming atmosphere is allied with substantial precipitation, all human based activities either directly or indirectly trigger greenhouse gas emissions and high precipitation. This explores the most prominent of these greenhouse gases, CO2 which warms the atmosphere as its volume increases in the atmosphere. In effect, the degree of future global warming will be a function of how much more volume of CO2 humankind emits. Although current CO2-induced warming of Earth is essentially irreversible on human timescales, weather researches to obtain scientific information, is very relevant. This is a dynamic prerequisite for society to make informed decisions on mitigation, adaptation, and other ways to tackle climate change. Thus, this study seeks to analyse the measure of observed climatic changes in Ikogosi. This is in order to promote the application of this study model to similar geographical locations. The potential energy available for certain extreme weather events has been analysed with existing theoretical explanations, ORIGIN software program and statistical regression analysis.
Investigation of willingness of residents to adopt alternative burial methods in Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Opoko A. P. , Adeboye A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
As cities grow in population, there is pressure on urban land resulting in prioritisation of scarce land for various uses. Burial grounds are often poorly rated in the priority scale since comparatively, they are considered as poor contributors to public economy. This situation. coupled with growing concerns about the environmental and health implications of casket cemetery burials has led to the growing adoption of alternative burial methods globally. In Africa, including Nigeria however, adoption of alternative burial methods has been slow. This paper therefore, investigated the willingness of residents of Abuja, Nigeria to adopt alternative modes of burial. Specifically, it sought to identify the burial methods Abuja residents are familiar with, ascertain residents’ willingness to consider alternative burial methods, the alternative burial methods favoured by residents and the factors that influence choice of alternative burial methods by residents. Data were obtained by administering copies of a questionnaire to randomly selected respondents and analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. The paper found that residents who were willing to adopt alternative burial methods marginally surpassed those who rejected the idea, suggesting significant resistance to adoption of alternative burial methods among respondents. The paper therefore identified the need for sensitization of residents especially through credible religious, sociocultural leaders and other opinion moulders including the media. In addition, there is need to review of policies and regulatory frameworks to accommodate alternative burial methods.