bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bootstrap based goodness-of-fit tests for binary multivariate regression models
Authors: van Heel Mareike , Dikta Gerhard , Braekers Roel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe consider a binary multivariate regression model where the conditional expectation of a binary variable given a higher-dimensional input variable belongs to a parametric family. Based on this, we introduce a model-based bootstrap (MBB) for higher-dimensional input variables. This test can be used to check whether a sequence of independent and identically distributed observations belongs to such a parametric family. The approach is based on the empirical residual process introduced by Stute (Ann Statist 25:613–641, 1997). In contrast to Stute and Zhu’s approach (2002) Stute & Zhu (Scandinavian J Statist 29:535–545, 2002), a transformation is not required. Thus, any problems associated with non-parametric regression estimation are avoided. As a result, the MBB method is much easier for users to implement. To illustrate the power of the MBB based tests, a small simulation study is performed. Compared to the approach of Stute & Zhu (Scandinavian J Statist 29:535–545, 2002), the simulations indicate a slightly improved power of the MBB based method. Finally, both methods are applied to a real data set.
La difficile fabrique d’une revue « globale »
Authors: Messling Markus 
Published: August 2021

La difficile fabrique d’une revue « globale »Avec le lancement du partenariat avec Cambridge University Press en 2017, les Annales sont devenues une revue « globale » dans le domaine des sciences humaines et sociales. Afin d’éviter l’écueil d’un « globalisme flasque », cet article entend réfléchir à la place de l’édition française par rapport à l’édition anglaise. Ici, c’est non seulement la relation du local au global qui importe, mais aussi la question de l’articulation entre particularité et universalité du savoir. Acclimatée dans la revue, c’est avant tout la micro-histoire qui a exploré la pertinence d’une situation et des indices qu’elle fournit pour les processus épistémologiques. C’est la raison pour laquelle les Annales ont, plus fortement que l’école des Annales, insisté sur le rôle des subjectivités par rapport aux structures. La revue s’est intéressée avant tout aux jeux d’échelles et aux moyens narratifs qui permettent aux acteurs comme aux historiens d’élargir leur horizon – en allant des situations concrètes vers une conception générale – et d’élaborer, de la sorte, une compréhension spécifique du monde. Ce tournant dans la production de connaissances se rapproche du reflexive turn et rejoint l’« histoire-problème » associée aux Annales. Il reviendra à la revue de faire valoir son propre trajet vers l’histoire globale pour réfléchir aux processus spécifiques d’universalisation du savoir qui y sont inclus.
DESIGNING A MODEL-BASED, MULTI-PERSPECTIVE PROCESS DESIGN ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Shaked Avi , Reich Yoram 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe development of engineered systems is a complex process, involving many activities and development artifacts. The challenges introduced by this complexity calls for a model-based design environment. The PROVE methodology is an artifact-centric, model-based development process design methodology. In this paper, we present the first, fully model-based design environment of the PROVE. Furthermore, our environment incorporates additional process design perspectives that are applied in real-time and in a completely consistent manner, based on a formally defined information model. We discuss the details of our environment's design as well as highlight its potential benefits.
DESIGNING THE DESIGN PROCESS FOR EARLY PROBLEM DISCOVERY FOR A COMPLEX AERONAUTICS SYSTEMS CHALLENGE
Authors: Moore Rachel Meredith , McGowan Anna-Maria Rivas , Jeyachandran Nathaneal , Bond Kathleen H. , Williams Daniel , Cannon David , Rowan Cortney T. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe earliest stage in the innovation lifecycle, problem formulation, is crucial for setting direction in an innovation effort. When faced with an interesting problem, engineers commonly assume the approximate solution area and focus on ideating innovative solutions. However, in this project, NASA and their contracted partner, Accenture, collaboratively conducted problem discovery to ensure that solutioning efforts were focused on the right problems, for the right users, and addressing the most critical needs—in this case, exploring weather tolerant operations (WTO) to further urban air mobility (UAM) – known as UAM WTO. The project team leveraged generative, qualitative methods to understand the ecosystem, players, and where challenges in the industry are inhibiting development. The complexity of the problem area required that the team constantly observe and iterate on problem discovery, effectively “designing the design process.” This paper discusses the approach, methodologies, and selected results, including significant insights on the application of early-stage design methodologies to a complex, system-level problem.
DETERMINATION OF ENGINEERING DIGITALIZATION MATURITY
Authors: Tafvizi Zavareh Mona , Eigner Martin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEngineering Digitalization enables development of new high intelligent products containing mechanical, electrical, software and communication components. As these complex products are result of multidisciplinary engineering processes, digitalization also enforces companies to raise, adapt and revise their engineering competencies and process capabilities to increase agility and maintain competitiveness. Also, the growing amount of data related to product and processes requires a well-structured management concept. In order to encounter all these changes and new requirements companies should identify their specific strengths and weaknesses and derive needs for action. This paper presents a novel maturity model for evaluation of capabilities of Engineering Digitalization in areas of processes, products, services, data, human and organization. The maturity model enables the detection of enhancement potentials and conception of individual digitalization plans for production companies. It has been composed based on a proven multidisciplinary engineering methodology along the product lifecycle process, which includes Model Based Systems Engineering Methods, and a multilevel IT architecture integration concept.
DIAGNOSIS OF DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR REFRIGERATION SOCIO-TECHNICAL SYSTEM USING THE RADICAL INNOVATION DESIGN METHODOLOGY
Authors: Salehy Yasmine , Yannou Bernard , Leroy Yann , Cluzel François , Fournaison Laurence , Hoang Hong-Minh , Lecomte Robin , Delahaye Anthony 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA refrigerant system (like that of a supermarket) is a complex system if we consider all the stakeholders throughout its lifecycle phases (use, maintenance, technological update, end of life). The lack of stakeholders' interaction during the design and other lifecycle stages of such a system generates issues and leads to sub-optimal system performances. We used the RID methodology to identify the main areas for improvement for these activities related to the refrigerant system. It is precisely designed to analyze, within the scope of activity, the major stakeholders' problems (user profiles) during lifecycle phases (use situations) to deduce areas for improvement (value buckets). Therefore, we built a process of interviews and data collection on existing practices to feed into a RID model. The first results are an archetypal description of the actors and problems encountered according to the lifecycle phases. The second part is a prioritized mapping of the areas to improve despite a certain number of known available solutions but proven insufficient.
ENGAGING END USERS IN AN AI-ENABLED SMART SERVICE DESIGN - THE APPLICATION OF THE SMART SERVICE BLUEPRINT SCAPE (SSBS) FRAMEWORK
Authors: Li Fan , Lu Yuan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractArtificial Intelligence (AI) has expanded in a diverse context, it infiltrates our social lives and is a critical part of algorithmic decision-making. Adopting AI technology, especially AI-enabled design, by end users who are non-AI experts is still limited. The incomprehensible, untransparent decision-making and difficulty of using AI become obstacles which prevent these end users to adopt AI technology. How to design the user experience (UX) based on AI technologies is an interesting topic to explore.This paper investigates how non-AI-expert end users can be engaged in the design process of an AI-enabled application by using a framework called Smart Service Blueprint Scape (SSBS), which aims to establish a bridge between UX and AI systems by mapping and translating AI decisions based on UX. A Dutch mobility service called ‘stUmobiel
’ was taken as a design case study. The goal is to design a reservation platform with stUmobiel end users. Co-creating with case users and assuring them to understand the decision-making and service provisional process of the AI-enabled design is crucial to promote users’ adoption. Furthermore, the concern of AI ethics also arises in the design process and should be discussed in a broader sense.
A PROPOSAL FOR METHOD TRANSFER BASED ON SUCCESSFUL EXAMPLES OF INTRA-INDUSTRY METHOD TRANSFER
Authors: Köhler Christian , Luedeke Tobias F. , Conrad Jan , Grashiller Michael 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTo transfer methods from science to industrial application is an important task of engineering design researchers. However, the way in which this is done leaves still room for improvement. A look beyond the horizon into the intra-industrial transfer of methods can therefore be helpful. Based on general requirements and success factors as well as successful intra-industry transfer examples, this paper proposes the P4I process for the transfer of methods from academy to industry.
AN ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK FOR COLLABORATIVE CLOUD-BASED CAD PLATFORM AFFORDANCES
Authors: Marion Tucker , Olechowksi Alison , Guo Junfeng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCloud computing has had an increasing influence on engineering and design. A hallmark of sites such as Github is the promise of rapid iteration and real-time collaboration. Recently, cloud collaborative software has migrated into the realm of physical product design, with computer-aided design (CAD) software platforms such as PTC's Onshape. In this research, we suppose that the effect of cloud collaborative software is multi-faceted; that this type of tool affords a number of new capabilities and behaviours for design individuals and teams. We develop a framework on how to contextualize the changes to design tasks afforded by the unique attributes of these cloud-based, collaborative design tools. We find evidence in our research of design engineers leveraging many aspects of the framework, particularly in learning and engagement with their team, and with resources available from communities of users. However, we find that real-world design engineers are not yet utilizing the full capability of synchronous cloud-platforms with respect to real-time synchronous design iteration within teams or communities.
EXPERIENCES FROM STARTING AND RUNNING A SOFTWARE COMPANY WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF DESIGN RESEARCH
Authors: Bergsjö Dag , Catic Amer 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper deals with the story and experiences of setting up a new start-up company with the ambition to scale using a software-based product. The paper is written by researchers for researchers interested in doing the same thing. The paper concludes that it can be very beneficial for research as the startup-can be seen as a data collection machine, but to set up a start-up company, comes with unforeseen problems along the way. A few of them involves: Do not rely on rational arguments (only), when marketing your product. Expect long lead-times. Work with multiple threads and secure funding early to ensure that you can finance your startup. Finally, you need to be committed, and you have to have a strategy to manage both your research and your commercial activities.
FACILITATING MICROMOBILITY FOR FIRST AND LAST MILE CONNECTION WITH PUBLIC TRANSIT THROUGH ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN: A CASE STUDY OF CALIFORNIA BAY AREA RAPID TRANSIT STATIONS
Authors: Ferguson Beth , Sanguinetti Angela 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMicromobility has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, traffic congestion, and air pollution, particularly when replacing private vehicle use in conjunction with public transit for first- and last-mile travel. The design of the built environment in and around public transit stations plays a key role in the integration of public transit and micromobility. This research presents a case study of rail stations in the California Bay Area, which are in the operation zone of seven shared micromobility operators. Nineteen stations and their surroundings were surveyed to inventory design features that could enable or constrain use of micromobility for first- and last-mile access. Shared mobility service characteristics, crime records, and connections to underserved communities were also documented. Key design solutions were identified based on the findings, including protected bike lanes, increased shared bike and scooter fleet size and service area, and clear signage indicating parking corral and docking points.
FROM PLANNED OBSOLESCENCE TO THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY IN THE SMARTPHONE INDUSTRY: AN EVOLUTION OF STRATEGIES EMBODIED IN PRODUCT FEATURES
Authors: Barros Mário , Dimla Eric 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPlanned obsolescence can artificially increase sales by stimulating desire or perceived need. This can be done in many ways and some companies are releasing newer models sooner than necessary or engineering the product to fail after a certain amount of use. In recent years, we have observed a change in the pattern of planned obsolescence strategies employed by technological companies, shifting from aesthetic to technological obsolescence. The reaction to this model comes from social enterprises and grassroots movements addressing the circular economy and repairability. This paper illustrates these relationships in context, taking the mobile phone industry as a case study. We focus on product architecture and product features, as a reference point to discuss the embodiment of strategies, and the degree of control the consumer is given for repairing the product. Using netnography as a method to collect data in a digital-mediated environment, this paper highlights how planned obsolescence strategies are embedded in product characteristics and summarises their evolution. It concludes by opposing planned obsolescence strategies to circular economy principles to discuss more sustainable pathways for the smartphone industry.
HOW DESIGN PROPOSALS ARE EVALUATED - A PILOT STUDY
Authors: Deininger Michael , Hansen Claus Thorp 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn addition to being functional and well-engineered, successful products in today's market are also desirable and appealing to customers. A decision to purchase a product or not is often influenced not only by facts, but also by emotions. Qualities like desirability and appeal that trigger an emotional response can be challenging to satisfy. These qualities can be difficult to quantify and measure and do not easily translate into requirements and specifications. Therefore, understanding the emotional responses of potential customers to product proposals would allow designers to adapt their design strategies. In this study, participants were invited to review a range of design proposals and asked to rank order them relative to one another. The participants were asked to record their comments while discussing their ranking. The findings show that study participants often made decisions about how good or bad they thought a design proposal was without providing rationale to support their rankings. In some cases the rankings were aligned with the comments, but sometimes they were in conflict. More work is needed to further explore the decision-making process and the criteria used when reviewing design proposals.
IMPROVING DECISION MAKING IN PRODUCT MODULARIZATION BY GAME-BASED MANAGEMENT TRAINING
Authors: Persson Magnus , Hsuan Juliana , Kvysgaard Hansen Poul 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTo deal with the complexity caused by a constantly increasing need for product customization many companies have adopted a product modularization strategy. Product modularization has the potential to give benefits both in the design of products, in manufacturing as well as in the supply chain. But, it poses great challenges in its implementation, which includes complex decision-making that will affect the whole value-chain. The purpose of this paper is to describe how a game-based approach can be used for academic education, and management training, with the aim of improving decision-making in product modularization. This by visualizing, and practice, the complex interplay between product, manufacturing and supply chain architecture. The paper describes the development of the LEGO Exploratorium game set up, based on the LEGO minifigures, and how it has been used for both teaching engineering students and in company workshop. Using this game set up will increase companies' possibilities to develop modularized products that are designed for both efficient manufacturing and supply chain management.
INTEGRATION OF BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGIE IN CASE OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND SOFTWARE ENGINEERING IN AN INDUSTRIAL CONTEXT
Authors: Salehi Vahid 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCurrently, inconsistent software versions lead to massive challenges for many car manufacturers. This is partly because within the product lifecycle management and the software engineering process, there is no correct handling of software versions for the “data entry” (installation of software on the ECU) of the vehicles. Furthermore, there are currently major challenges for many vehicle manufacturers to ensure transparency, integrity and full traceability of SW data status vis-à-vis the legislator. To counteract these challenges, new solutions in the field of vehicle engineering are to be developed based on a new platform called “CarEngChainNet” and Blockchain technology. On the basis of the “CarEngChainNet” platform, new main and sub-chain chains will be developed that allow tamper-proof SW data management (Peer to Peer and crypto technology) across the entire PLM chain with new methods such as model-based systems engineering of the requirement, function and integration of the SW components in different areas of vehicle development. The aim is to develop new transmission chains of vehicles with individually packaged software artefacts (e.g. ECU software) that can be securely transmitted from server to server into the vehicle.
INVESTIGATING DRIVERS AND BARRIERS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRODUCT-SERVICE SYSTEMS IN CAPITAL GOODS MANUFACTURING COMPANIES
Authors: Sarancic David , Pigosso Daniela C. A. , McAloone Tim C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to showcase initial considerations taken in the process of Product-Service Systems (PSS) development in the capital goods manufacturing companies. The focus is on the identification of both generic drivers and barriers that typically present themselves. Drivers and barriers are classified and compared, with respect to developed dimensions that aim to encompass different aspects relevant to PSS development. The classification presented in this paper has promise when researching how to support companies that aspire to develop and implement PSS, both to invigorate internal motivation for change and to understand crucial obstacles that might arise in the process. Furthermore, a chain of discovered motives and challenges for PSS is discussed, in an attempt to relate and connect the general manufacturing industry to the capital goods manufacturing industry.
METHOD FOR UPGRADING A COMPONENT WITHIN REFURBISHMENT
Authors: Ganter Nicola Viktoria , Bode Behrend , Gembarski Paul Christoph , Lachmayer Roland 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOne of the arguments against an increased use of repair is that, due to the constantly growing progress, an often already outdated component would be restored. However, refurbishment also allows a component to be modified in order to upgrade it to the state of the art or to adapt it to changed requirements. Many existing approaches regarding Design for Upgradeability are based on a modular product architecture. In these approaches, however, only the upgradeability of a product is considered through the exchange of components. Nevertheless, the exchange and improvement of individual component regions within a refurbishment has already been successfully carried out using additive processes. In this paper, a general method is presented to support the reengineering process, which is necessary to refurbish and upgrade a damaged component. In order to identify which areas can be replaced in the closed system of a component, the systematics of the modular product architecture are used. This allows dependencies between functions and component regions to be identified. Thus, it possible to determine which functions can be integrated into the intended component.
MODEL-BASED DESIGN OF AM COMPONENTS TO ENABLE DECENTRALIZED DIGITAL MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS
Authors: Borgue Olivia , Stavridis John , Vannucci Tomas , Stavropoulos Panagiotis , Bikas Harry , Di Falco Rosa , Nyborg Lars 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) is a versatile technology that could add flexibility in manufacturing processes, whether implemented alone or along other technologies. This technology enables on-demand production and decentralized production networks, as production facilities can be located around the world to manufacture products closer to the final consumer (decentralized manufacturing). However, the wide adoption of additive manufacturing technologies is hindered by the lack of experience on its implementation, the lack of repeatability among different manufacturers and a lack of integrated production systems. The later, hinders the traceability and quality assurance of printed components and limits the understanding and data generation of the AM processes and parameters. In this article, a design strategy is proposed to integrate the different phases of the development process into a model-based design platform for decentralized manufacturing. This platform is aimed at facilitating data traceability and product repeatability among different AM machines. The strategy is illustrated with a case study where a car steering knuckle is manufactured in three different facilities in Sweden and Italy.
MODELLING DESIGN TRADE-OFFS USING A SET THEORY APPROACH: ALTERNATIVE PATHS FOR NAVIGATING TRADE-OFF SITUATIONS
Authors: Nickel Jordan , Hurst Ada , Duimering P. Robert 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper synthesizes concepts from the design creativity and design optimization literatures to develop a conceptual descriptive model of trade-off situations in design. Using a set theory approach, a model of the design space is expanded to formalize the description of trade-offs as Pareto frontiers on this space. The modelling of design process and human biases and limitations on the structure of these design spaces explores the perceptions designers form of these design spaces. The model presented describes how altering the framing and formulation of the design space can be used to alter or bypass the original Pareto frontiers of that space, allowing trade-offs to be navigated outside of the original limitations.