bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Moors Must Not Be Taken for Black”: Race, Conflict, and Cultural Translation in the Early Modern French Mediterranean
Authors: Sandberg Brian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
French actors mediated North African cultures and shaped French perceptions of others in the Mediterranean world during the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. Francophone intermediaries experienced predominantly Muslim cultures as consuls, diplomats, military officers, naval captains, merchants, travelers, and prisoners in North Africa and across the Mediterranean during this period. This article reconsiders issues of race and conflict in the early modern Mediterranean by globalizing Francophone sources on the figure of the “Moor” and the conceptual space of the “Barbary Coast” in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. After introducing French cultural intermediaries in the Mediterranean, the article analyzes their depictions of North Africans through conflict narratives, geographic works, and ethnographic descriptions. New evidence of racial distinctions in the early modern French Mediterranean suggests that conflict reshaped French understandings of Muslims and produced racialized conceptions of “Moors.” This finding supports recent historical interpretations of race as a category of differentiation already articulated and operative in the early modern world.
Plantando esperança: relato de experiência sobre ações de combate à fome e consumo consciente de alimentos
Authors: Adriana Ribeiro Lopes Laura , Igor Alves Vieira Dilermando , Aparecido Soares Silva Fabrício , Dos Santos Martins Heline , Soares Silva Sarah 
Published: October 2021

Objetivo: contribuir no combate à fome da região norte do estado de Minas Gerais e incentivar o consumo consciente de alimentos, através de ações desenvolvidas num projeto intitulado “Plantando Esperança”. Materiais e Métodos: trata-se de estudo do tipo relato de experiência, que apresenta práticas e experiências vivenciadas por acadêmicos do curso de Administração, realizadas com foco nas comunidades que vivem ao redor da Fazenda Globo, no município de Januária, norte de Minas Gerais. Para incentivar o plantio sustentável e combate à fome, foi desenvolvido um folder autoexplicativo para a sensibilização dos moradores e demonstração da importância da colaboração mútua das famílias. Foi realizado, ainda, o plantio de uma horta com hortaliças, legumes e verduras pela equipe. Resultados: foram distribuídos panfletos para 30 famílias da região, entre elas 18 quilombolas. Sementes foram anexadas aos panfletos para incentivar o plantio da própria horta. O cumprimento do cronograma de cuidado da horta foi eficaz e esta segue em crescimento. Assim que possível a colheita, os moradores mais necessitados serão contemplados com os alimentos. Conclusão: o projeto despertou nos moradores o desejo de continuarem plantando hortas nas suas residências para que, assim, possam garantir o sustento de suas famílias em tempos difíceis, especialmente vivenciados com a pandemia.
PERSPECTIVAS DE LICENCIANDOS EM FÍSICA SOBRE A EDUCAÇÃO DE JOVENS E ADULTOS
Authors: Da Silva Larissa Carniel , Ignácio Patrícia , Espinosa Tobias 
Published: October 2021

O presente estudo buscou compreender quais são os entendimentos sobre o conceito, os sujeitos, o ensino e a aprendizagem na Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA), de licenciandos de um curso de licenciatura com habilitação em Física de uma universidade pública federal localizada na Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre. Para isso, utilizou-se de entrevistas gravadas em áudio, posteriormente, analisadas sob o olhar da Análise Temática, descrita por Braun e Clarke (2006). De acordo com as análises realizadas, os achados da pesquisa mostraram que os licenciandos: pouco sabem o que é a EJA; percebem os alunos da EJA como um público diversificado; entendem que os alunos desta modalidade não possuem interesse pelos estudos; acreditam que os alunos da EJA aprendem de forma lenta e dificultosa; mencionam a importância da realização de sondagem junto aos alunos, para o planejamento da aula; apostam, preferencialmente, em metodologias tradicionais, sugerindo, também, metodologias ativas e a mescla dessas. Por fim, os resultados apontam a necessidade de repensar os currículos dos cursos de licenciatura em Física e de um maior investimento em pesquisas sobre o Ensino de Física na EJA.
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection presenting as crescentic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis: A distinctly rare occurrence
Authors: Mubarak Muhammed , Jafry Nazarul , Khan Abdul Saboor , Naqvi Rubina , Elahi Tabassum 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a highly prevalent infection worldwide. It primarily infects liver and presents with features of chronic liver disease. Rarely, it presents with extra-hepatic manifestations. Kidney involvement in HBV infection is not uncommon. However, presentation with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis is distinctly rare. A 40-year-old man with undiscovered HBV infection presented with fever-triggered body swelling for one month. Serum creatinine was 2.3 mg/dl on admission, which increased during hospitalization to 4.5 mg/dl. Renal biopsy demonstrated crescentic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, immune complex-mediated. Clinical, laboratory and imaging studies revealed mild chronic liver damage. Complete renal, hepatic and virological remission was achieved with steroids, plasmapheresis and antiviral therapy. This case emphasizes on early diagnosis and institution of multimodal therapy for better outcomes.
¬¬THE NEGATIVE IMPACT OF NIAS LANGUAGE INTERFERENCE IN LEARNING INDONESIAN LANGUAGE
Authors: Mendrofa Evi Eunike 
Published: October 2021

Most of people in the world and also Indonesian speakers are bilingualism, who use two languages; Indonesian and mother tongue. Commonly, both languages influence one another, which finally create a new phenomenon of language called interference of language. Interference of language is a form of an impact of mother tongue towards second language, which creates an error in the second language. The error occurs because the mother tongue language and the second language have different structure and different way in using the language.
In this research, the writer finds out that the ability of someone in mastering the second language will always be influenced by the mother tongue. As a real case for Nias speakers, they make mistakes and errors when they speak in Indonesian, especially in phonological and grammatical structure. The mistake occurs because phonological and grammatical in their mother tongue are still used in second language, thus it makes the second language invalid in the way of norm and rule.
From the result of the research, it can be concluded that Nias speakers interfere Indonesian in their daily conversation. The interference can be existed as a form of the impact of mother tongue to second language. In this research, there are three interferences of Nias speakers that have been found by the writer. First, Nias speakers omit the final consonant of words when speaking in Indonesian, it is because in Li Niha there is no final consonant of words but only final vowel. Second, Nias speakers also create a redundancy when they are speaking Indonesian, it is because they are usually add some words in their speech in order to emphasize their statement. Third, Nias language and Indonesian language have different structure in arranging sentences. Based on that difference, Nias speakers oftentimes invert the words in sentences. So, the writer concluded that all of these aspects are the aspect which influences Nias speakers to interfere the second language.

Keywords: Sociolinguistics, Interference, Mother tongue, Bilingualism, Phonological, Grammatical structure..
NURETTA DEVIANA: CHILDREN BEHAVIORAL SHAPING MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INGGRIS BERBASIS AKULTURASI BUDAYA BAGI SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Heriyanto Eko , Wisnumurti Adhitya , Wicaksono Adityo Putro 
Published: October 2021

English has become part of the education curriculum that must be taught to students. Therefore, many schools strive to provide the best English teaching and learning systems and methods for their students. One of them is Nuretta Deviana which is an alternative model of learning English. The purpose of this research is to explain the steps of implementing Nuretta Deviana, find and explain the skills and language components that can be learned through Nuretta Deviana, explain the children behavioral forming through NUretta Deviana, find and overcome the obstacles that arise in the implementation of Nuretta Deviana. The approach used is descriptive qualitative based on literature review. Primary data were collected using documentation techniques during the Nuretta Deviana process, performances, and interviews with stakeholders and educators (English teachers in schools). Secondary data were collected using the literature review method. The results of this study stated that Nuretta Deviana can be done by holding preparations, performances and assessments. Nuretta Deviana can hone student’ English skills and components. Diligent, hard work, discipline and tolerance characteristic are implicitly formed through the script which acculturate local culture and British culture. Barriers internally and externally can be overcome with solutions that are carried out continuously.

Keywords: nursery rhymes, reader response theory
BOOSTING THE STUDENTS IN MASTERING WRITING SKILL THROUGH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PPIE (POINT, PRESENTATION, ILLUSTRATION, EXPLANATION) TECHNIQUE
Authors: Zuraini Zuraini , Misnawati Misnawati , Lisa Asruna , Nofriati Eli 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
People need to learn writing in English for occupational or academic purpose to write well, students must have good capabilities in writing process and aspects of writing. The purposes of the research are: to improve PPIE technique for the students writing skill in Narrative text. And to know the students’ response of PPIE Technique in Narrative text. Qualitative and quantitative research methodology were combined by the researcher. In qualitative, the researcher used questionnaires, observation sheet as instrument of the research to observe and learn. Based on the quantitative research methodology, the researcher and teacher gave post-tes. The result of observation sheet for the teachers performance in cycle 1 had the mean score was about 67.84% . In cycle 2 showed that the the mean score was about 83.14%. The result of observation sheet for the students’ activities in cycle 1 the mean score was 52.54%. In second cycle mean score was 75.68%. The total score on questionaires about 12.99 and average score about 3.24. Therefore, the researcher concluded that the PPIE technique could improve the students’ ability in writing skill.
Analisis Motivasi Belajar Bahasa Inggris Mahasiswa Fakultas Bahasa dan Budaya UNTAG Semarang
Authors: Wiwoho Gurendi , Mahanani Widiarsih , Muslimah Muslimah 
Published: October 2021

Penelitian yang berjudul “Analisis Motivasi Belajar Bahasa Inggris Mahasiswa Fakultas Bahasa dan Budaya Untag Semarang” bertujuan menganalisis motivasi belajar Bahasa Inggris mahasiswa di FBB Untag Semarang. Faktor-faktor yang dianalisis adalah orientasi, sikap dan lingkungan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa orientasi mahasiswa untuk belajar bahasa Inggris sangatlah positif dan secara umum mahasiswa yang telah menentukan pilihan mereka mengambil jurusan bahasa Inggris cukup memiliki kemauan untuk belajar dan tidak terlalu menutup diri dari komunikasi serta lingkungan belajar yang sangat mendukung. Ketiga faktor tersebut menunjukkan bahwa motivasi belajar bahasa Inggris mahasiswa FBB Untag Semarang sangatlah tinggi.
SATUAN BAHASA PENANDA SOAL CERITA YANG DIKERJAKAN DENGAN MENCARI KPK DAN FPB
Authors: Laksono Agus Edy 
Published: October 2021

Abstrak
Soal cerita yang harus dikerjakan dengan mencari KPK dan FPB dari beberapa bilangan pertama kali disampaikan dengan langsung menanyakan berapakah KPK dan FPB bilangan-bilangan tersebut. Namun, setelah peserta didik memahami cara menemukannya, pendidik akan mengembangkan soal-soal tersebut menjadi soal cerita. Persoalannya adalah, masih ada peserta didik yang kesulitan mengerjakan soal-soal yang melibatkan keduanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan bentuk-bentuk dan kategori penanda soal-soal cerita yang melibatkan kelipatan persekutuan yang sama dan faktor persekutuan yang paling besar. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode agih dengan teknik ganti sehingga hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa baik bentuk maupun kategori satuan bahasa penanda soal-soal cerita yang seharusnya dikerjakan dengan menemukan KPK akan berkaitan dengan waktu, sedangkan bentuk maupun kategori satuan bahasa penanda soal-soal cerita yang semestinya dikerjakan dengan mencari FPB akan berkaitan dengan jumlah/ ukuran/ kuantitas
ANALYSIS OF FRACTION CONTENTS IN ROCK SCRATCH TESTS FOR ESTIMATING THE ANGLE OF INTERNAL FRICTION FOR THE SEDIMENTARY COVER OF THE KOVYKTA FIELD
Authors: Toropetsky K. V. , Borisov G. A. , Smirnov A. S. , Nosikov A. V. 
Published: October 2021

The article describes the possibility of using the granulometric analysis of rock cuttings formed in controlled core scratching tests to estimate the angle of internal friction.The study object is the Kovykta gas-condensate field (GCF) that occupies a wide area in the southeastern part of the Irkutsk amphitheater of the Siberian platform. This uniquely complex geological structure holds significant reserves of hydrocarbons. Its sedimentary cover is composed of the Vendian – lower Paleozoic and partly Riphean formations. Their total thickness exceeds 6000 m, as estimated from the new seismic survey data [Vakhromeev et al., 2019].The sedimentary cover of the Kovykta GCF has been studied by surface and borehole geophysical techniques, remote sensing and geostructural methods, in combination with the tectonophysical approach [Seminsky et al., 2018] based on drilling data, including standard and special core sampling data.
Filantropía secular. La ayuda interesada de los fundadores del Asilo de Mendigos en la Ciudad de México, 1879-1902.
Authors: Lorenzo Río María Dolores 
Published: October 2021

En este artículo exploramos las “buenas intenciones” de un grupo de filántropos, empresarios liberales, seculares y reformistas que, con el argumento de impulsar la modernización urbana, propusieron desplazar a los limosneros de las calles centrales de la Ciudad de México para contenerlos en el Asilo Particular para Mendigos, fundado en 1879 y ubicado en la periferia urbana. Si bien las obras de la filantropía suelen estudiarse como formas de financiamiento del arte y la cultura o bien como respuesta para la educación y la higiene de los pobres, en este artículo nos centramos en el interés de los filántropos por fomentar el comercio y el ordenamiento urbano, a través de un proyecto asistencial. Asimismo, proponemos una definición acotada de la filantropía secular y sus características que pueden estudiarse a partir del caso específico del Asilo Particular de Mendigos y de las prácticas filantrópicas que le dieron sentido al interés público a finales del siglo XIX. Para sustentar este trabajo consultamos los informes de la Junta de Beneficencia Pública y los informes de las Actas del Consejo del Asilo, prensa periódica y otras fuentes, destacamos de éstas un documento peculiar sobre un estudio de las rutas que los mendigos recorrieron por la ciudad y que le dieron el sustento razonado a esta forma de filantropía en la Ciudad de México.
Modern philanthropy used public interest as an argument for intervention in “social question”. The critical point of this text argue how "disinterested" were the "good intentions" of a group of philanthropists, liberals, secularists and reformists who, under the argument of urban modernization, sought to displace beggars from the streets to contain them in the Asilo Particular para Mendigos, founded in Mexico City in 1879. We show the social composition of the founding group and the many meanings on their social actions. We explore a peculiar research elaborated on the routes the beggars traveled through the city, that gave the reasoned support to the foundation. Using the “well-intentioned” argument of helping the poor, philanthropists exerted their influence on urban planning provisions, in addition to mitigating social tensions.
Como el ánima al cuerpo humano. Los pilotos reales de la Armada de Magallanes (1519-1522).
Authors: Mena García Carmen 
Published: October 2021

Los pilotos fueron pieza fundamental para el éxito de la gran aventura ultramarina encabezada por España y Portugal desde fines del siglo XV. En esta ocasión, nos ocupamos de los avezados tripulantes que participaron en la primera expedición a las Molucas (1519-1522) encomendada al portugués Hernando de Magallanes. Seis hombres gobernaban los cinco barcos de la armada de la Especiería –tres portugueses y otros tres castellanos- y todos tenían la consideración de pilotos de Sus Altezas, es decir, estaban permanentemente al servicio de la Corona y cobraban un salario mensual de la Casa de la Contratación. Sobre fuentes documentales, crónicas de la época y una bibliografía especializada ofrecemos en estas páginas una aproximación a sus recorridos biográficos.
Pilots were a key factor in the success of the great maritime adventure lead by Spain and Portugal since the 15th century. This article focuses in one specific episode: the first expedition to the Molucca Islands (1519-1522) commended to the Portuguese Ferdinand Magellan. Six men -three Portuguese and three from Castille- manned the five ships of the Armada de la Especiería. All of them were officially declared Pilots of their Royal Highnesses. As civil servants of the crown they perceived a monthly salary from the Casa de Contratación. On documentary sources, chronicles of the time and a specialized bibliography we offer in these pages an approach to his biographical journeys.
Observaciones y perspectivas sobre las modalidades de educación básica en América Latina en la era pandémica y pospandémica
Authors: Chen Xing , Zhao Xi 
Published: October 2021

La crisis sanitaria de covid-19 ha llevado a que el modelo educativo en muchos países, incluidos los latinoamericanos, pase a la modalidad remota. Este artículo tiene como objetivo explorar la transición de la presencialidad a la virtualidad a lo largo de la pandemia, así como sus implicaciones para las posibilidades y disponibilidades pedagógicas en la era pospandémica mediante un análisis de la modalidad de la educación básica en América Latina basándose en un estudio de caso del programa educativo a distancia en México: Aprende en Casa.
Las conclusiones sugieren que el sistema mexicano de educación básica ha experimentado tres etapas de transformación ante la pandemia. Sin embargo, también observamos que en el proyecto Aprende en Casa existen varias deficiencias, vinculadas principalmente a la falta de garantía de equidad y eficiencia educativa. Se finaliza concluyendo que, con la finalidad de abordar los retos en la educación básica tanto en México como en toda la región latinoamericana, hace falta una visión hacia un enfoque integral, atendiendo la diversidad de las condiciones socioeconómicas.
The Covid-19 health crisis has led to a shift in the educational model in many countries to the remote mode, including Latin American countries. This article aims to analyse the modality of basic education in Latin America based on a case study of the distance education programme in Mexico: Learning at Home. In this article, the objective is to explore the transition from face-to-face education to virtual mode, as well as its implications for pedagogical and public proposals in the post-pandemic era.
The findings suggest that the Mexican basic education system has undergone three stages of transformation in the face of the pandemic. However, we also note that there are several shortcomings in the Learning at Home project, mainly linked to the lack of guarantee of educational equity and efficiency. We conclude that in order to address the challenges in basic education not only in Mexico, but also in the Latin American region as a whole, a new vision towards a comprehensive approach is needed, taking into account the diversity of socio-economic conditions.
Perception of footwear comfort and its relationship with the foot structure among youngest-old women and men
Authors: Puszczalowska-Lizis Ewa , Koziol Karolina , Omorczyk Jaroslaw 
Published: October 2021

Background
Adequate footwear comfort and functionality are important regardless of age, but they become particularly important in the youngest-old women and men, mainly due to the fact that this age range is the initial period of old age with changes in shoe preferences. The aim of this study was to assess the perception of footwear comfort and its relationship with the feet structure in youngest-old women and men.

Methods
The cross-sectional study covered community dwellers living on their own aged 65–74 years (50 women; 50 men). The feet characteristics were measured using the CQ-ST podoscope (Electronic System, Ltd, EU), and the perception of footwear comfort was assessed with a visual analogue scale. The assessment took into account gender-specific footwear of a certain brand (Befado Dr orto).

Results
Statistically significant intergender differences were observed in the perception of footwear comfort with respect to the shoe heel width (p = 0.022), the arch height (p = 0.013), the overall comfort (p = 0.049) and the material properties of the footwear (p = 0.017). In women, there were statistically significant positive relationships among the heel angle (γ) and the perception of footwear comfort in terms of heel cushioning (p = 0.021), forefoot cushioning (p = 0.015), arch height (p = 0.029). In men, there was a statistically significant negative relationship of the left foot Clarke’s angle with the heel height (p = 0.043), and a positive relationship between the right foot width and the arch height (p = 0.044).

Conclusions
Youngest-old women, compared to men of the same age range, have a higher perception of shoe comfort in terms of the shoe heel width, the arch height, the overall comfort of the footwear and the material properties of the footwear. The appropriate profile and construction of the shoe allows for an increase in the contact surface of the foot with the shoe, hence the improvement in the perception of footwear comfort in people with lowered arch or widened forefoot.