bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between polymorphism at IGF-1 rs35767 gene locus and long-term decline in renal function: a Japanese retrospective longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Honda Kosuke , Kuriyama Satoru , Ichida Kimiyoshi , Nakano Tomoko , Sugano Naoki , Yokoo Takashi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) acts on glucose and protein metabolism and human growth and also influences blood pressure and renal function. This study investigated whether the single-nucleotide polymorphism of IGF-1, rs35767, plays a role in metabolic syndrome indicators, including blood pressure, glucose metabolism, uric acid levels, and renal function.

Methods
In this retrospective longitudinal cohort study, blood samples from 1506 Japanese individuals were collected and used for genotyping for variant rs35767: T > C in the IGF-1 upstream promoter. Data were analyzed to identify associations between IGF-1 genotypes and patient biochemical parameters, including the components of metabolic syndrome and the long-term change in renal function.

Results
The cohort rs35767 genotypes included 650 CC carriers (43.2%), 687 TC carriers (45.6%), and 169 TT carriers (11.2%). Multiple regression analysis revealed no association between IGF-1 genotype and blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin level, and serum uric acid level. However, in females, blood pressure was negatively correlated with the TT genotype. Longitudinal observation revealed that the decline in eGFR over 10 years was greater in TT (− 18.51 ± 1.04 mL/min/1.73m2) than in CC carriers (− 16.38 ± 0.52 mL/min/1.73m2; P < 0.05).

Conclusion
The present study suggests that renal function declines faster in individuals with the TT genotype at the IGF-1 rs35767 locus than in those with the CC genotype, suggesting that the TT genotype is associated with the long-term chronological decline in renal function.
Anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activity of glycosidic derivatives of lawsone in melanoma cancer cell
Authors: de Franca Mariana Nobre Farias , Isidório Raquel Geralda , Bonifacio João Henrique Oliveira , dos Santos Edmilson Willian Propheta , Santos Jileno Ferreira , Ottoni Flaviano Melo , de Lucca Junior Waldecy , Scher Ricardo , Alves Ricardo José , Corrêa Cristiane Bani 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Melanoma is a malignant cancer that affects melanocytes and is considered the most aggressive skin-type cancer. The prevalence for melanoma cancer for the last five year is about one million cases. The impact caused of this and other types of cancer, revel the importance of research into potential active compounds. The natural products are an important source of compounds with biological activity and research with natural products may enable the discovery of compounds with potential activity in tumor cells.

Methods
The Sulforhodamine B was used to determine cell density after treatment with lawsone derivatives. Apoptosis and necrosis were analyzed by flow cytometer. Morphological changes were observed by fluorescence using the Phalloidin/FITC and DAPI stains. The clonogenic and wound healing assays were used to analyze reduction of colonies formation and migratory capacity of melanoma cells, respectability.

Results
In pharmacological screening, seven compounds derived from lawsone were considered to have high cytotoxic activity (GI > 75%). Three compounds were selected to assess the inhibitory concentration for 50% of cells (IC50), and the compound 9, that has IC50 5.3 μM in melanoma cells, was selected for further analyses in this cell line. The clonogenic assay showed that the compound is capable of reducing the formation of melanoma colonies at 10.6 μM concentration. The compound induced apoptotic morphological changes in melanoma cells and increased by 50% the cells dying from apoptosis. Also, this compound reduced the migratory capacity of melanoma cells.

Conclusions
The results of this study showed that the evaluated lawsone derivatives have potential activity on tumor cells. The compound 9 is capable of inducing cell death by apoptosis in melanoma cells (B16F10).
Years of life lost by COVID-19 in Portugal and comparison with other European countries in 2020
Authors: Vieira André , Ricoca Vasco Peixoto , Aguiar Pedro , Sousa Paulo , Nunes Carla , Abrantes Alexandre 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been measured in different metrics, mostly by counting deaths and its impact on health services. Few studies have attempted to calculate years of life lost (YLL) to COVID-19 and compare it with YLL due to other causes in different countries.

Methods
We calculated YLL to COVID-19 from week10 to week52 in 2020 for eight European countries by methods defined by the WHO. We calculated excess YLL by subtracting the average YLL from 2017 to 2019 to the YLL in 2020. Our analysis compared YLL to COVID-19 and the excess YLL of non-COVID-19 causes across countries in Europe.

Results
Portugal registered 394,573 cases and 6619 deaths due to COVID-19, accounting for 25,395 YLL in just 10 months. COVID-19 was responsible for 6.7% of all deaths but accounted for only 4.2% of all YLL. We estimate that Portugal experienced an excess of 35,510 YLL (+ 6.2%), of which 72% would have been due to COVID-19 and 28% due to non-COVID-19 causes. Spain, Portugal, and the Netherlands experienced excess YLL to non-COVID-19 causes. We also estimated that Portugal experienced an excess of 10,115 YLL due to cancer (3805), cardiovascular diseases (786) and diseases of the respiratory system (525).

Conclusion
COVID-19 has had a major impact on mortality rates in Portugal, as well as in other European countries. The relative impact of COVID-19 on the number of deaths has been greater than on the number of YLL, because COVID-19 deaths occur mostly in advanced ages.
Health behaviours of young adults during the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic – a longitudinal study
Authors: Czenczek- Lewandowska Ewelina , Wyszyńska Justyna , Leszczak Justyna , Baran Joanna , Weres Aneta , Mazur Artur , Lewandowski Bogumił 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic has created a number of obstacles to daily functioning, which have led to a need for major changes in lifestyles. The aim of the study was to assess whether and to what extent the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic has affected the health behaviours of young adults.

Methods
506 people aged 18 to 34 ($$ \overline{x} $$

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=24.67 years ±4.23 years) who filled in an online survey were qualified for the study. Assessment was made of eating habits (a modified Food Frequency Questionnaire, FFQ), physical activity and sedentary behaviours (International Physical Activity Questionnaire, short form IPAQ-SF), sleep quality (The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI), and generalized anxiety (Generalized anxiety Disorder, 7-item, GAD-7 scale).

Results
During the pandemic, young adults changed their dietary preferences toward sweets and cereal products, increased alcohol (p < 0.001) and fat (p = 0.005) intake, significantly reduced their physical activity (from 8752.5 metabolic equivalents (MET) min/week vs. 6174.6 MET min/week, p < 0.001), increased the time spent sedentarily (Me = 240 min vs. Me = 360 min, p < 0.001) and had decreased sleep quality (PSQI score Me = 7.00 vs. Me = 9.00).

Conclusions
The Covid-19 pandemic worsened health behaviours and intensified the feeling of generalized anxiety in young adults. Generalized anxiety during obligatory lockdown had the greatest negative impact on sedentary behaviours and sleep quality.
Serum S100 calcium-binding protein A4 as a novel predictive marker of acute exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia after surgery for lung cancer
Authors: Kagimoto Atsushi , Tsutani Yasuhiro , Kushitani Kei , Kambara Takahiro , Mimae Takahiro , Miyata Yoshihiro , Takeshima Yukio , Okada Morihito 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Acute exacerbation (AE) of interstitial pneumonia (IP) is the most fatal complication after lung resection for lung cancer. To improve the prognosis of lung cancer with IP, the risk factors of AE of IP after lung resection should be assessed. S100 calcium-binding protein A4 (S100A4) is a member of the S100 family of proteins and is a known marker of tissue fibrosis. We examined the usefulness of S100A4 in predicting AE of IP after lung resection for lung cancer.

Methods
This study included 162 patients with IP findings on preoperative high-resolution computed tomography scan who underwent curative-intent lung resection for primary lung cancer between April 2007 and March 2019. Serum samples were collected preoperatively. Resected lung tissue from 76 patients exhibited usual IP (UIP) pattern in resected lung were performed immunohistochemistry (IHC). Relationship between S100A4 and the incidence of AE of IP and short-term mortality was analyzed.

Results
The receiver operating characteristic area under the curve for serum S100A4 to predict postoperative AE of IP was 0.871 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.799–0.943; P < 0.001), with a sensitivity of 93.8% and a specificity of 75.3% at the cutoff value of 17.13 ng/mL. Multivariable analysis revealed that a high serum S100A4 level (> 17.13 ng/mL) was a significant risk factor for AE of IP (odds ratio, 42.28; 95% CI, 3.98–449.29; P = 0.002). A 1-year overall survival (OS) was significantly shorter in patients with high serum levels of S100A4 (75.3%) than in those with low serum levels (92.3%; P = 0.003). IHC staining revealed that fibroblasts, lymphocytes, and macrophages expressed S100A4 in the UIP area, and the stroma and fibrosis in the primary tumor expressed S100A4, whereas tumor cells did not.

Conclusions
Serum S100A4 had a high predictive value for postoperative AE of IP and short-term mortality after lung resection.
Umbilical two-port laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure for patent processus vaginalis in boys: incision-hiding and solo-like surgery
Authors: Xiao Yuanhong , Shen Zhou 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Transumbilical two-port laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure for the treatment of processus vaginalis patency in boys has been practising recent years. The applicable instruments and skills are still evolving. In this study, we used a self-made needle assisted by a disposable dissecting forceps to practise this minimal invasive method for patent processus vaginalis in boys. Its safety and effectiveness were studied. The methods for depth and orientation perceptions were analyzed.

Methods
From January 2020 to November 2020, boys characteristic of symtomatic patency of processus vaginalis were performed open surgery consecutively. From December 2020, the authors begun to propose transumbilical two-port laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure for this kind of boy patients. The open group included fifteen boys and the laparoscopic group included ten ones. The data of the patients age, constituent ratios of unilateral and bilateral patency, operating time, postoperative stay in hospital, follow-up time, conversion, postoperative complications were assessed. Throughout the laparoscopic process, the parallel and synchronous movements of lens pole and dissecting forceps were maintained. Vas deferens protrude was imagined as one of the point to form the triangular manipulation plane.

Results
There were no statistically significant difference between the laparoscopic group and the open group for the following items: age, operating time, the constituent ratios of unilateral or bilateral patency of processus vaginalis (P > 0.05). Postoperative stay in hospital and follow-up time of the laparoscopic group was significantly shorter than that of the open group (P = 0.0000). No laparoscopic case was converted to open surgery. After 10 cases of laparoscopic practice, orientation perception was established. There were no postoperative complications for all the patients.

Conclusion
Our preliminary experience suggested that umbilical two-port laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure is safe and convenient for patent processus vaginalis treatment in boys. It has the advantage of incision-hiding and can be manipulated like a solo-like surgery.
Influence of maintaining apical patency in post-endodontic pain
Authors: Shubham Snigdha , Nepal Manisha , Mishra Ravish , Dutta Kishor 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe concept of instrumentation beyond the apical foramen by small flexible file to prevent apical blockage is apical patency. However, this procedure might endow postoperative pain, thus to maintain apical patency or not is the matter of dilemma. Hence, the primary objective of this study was to compare postoperative pain between apical patency and non-patency groups and secondary objective was to evaluate the influence of number of visits, vitality of teeth, group of teeth and preoperative pain on post-operative pain.MethodsPreselected (n = 178) patients based on group of teeth and status of pulp were randomly divided into 2 groups, apical patency and non-patency which was further treated in either single or multiple visits. After exclusion, 160 patients were included. Each group (n = 80) was subdivided in single visit (n = 40) and multiple visits (n = 40), including vital (n = 20) and non-vital teeth (n = 20) and single-rooted (n = 10) and multiple-rooted teeth (n = 10). Apical patency was maintained with a size 10 K-file during conventional hand filing step-back shaping procedure. Intensity of pain was recorded before treatment and on days 1, 2, and 7 after treatment using Numerical Rating Scale (NRS-11). Statistical analysis was done using Mann–Whitney U test, Spearman correlation and Multiple linear regression analysis.ResultsThe primary outcome of this study showed statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in postoperative pain scores between patency and non-patency groups with higher pain scores in patency group on 1st, 2nd and 7th day follow up. The secondary outcome showed postoperative pain in patency-maintained group was influenced by status of the pulp and preoperative pain only. Vital teeth of patency-maintained group treated in multiple visits showed statistically significant (p = 0.02) post-operative pain in day 1 follow up. Pre-operative pain showed positive correlation with postoperative pain with statistically significant difference.ConclusionsOur study concluded that maintenance of apical patency increased postoperative pain. Evaluation of influence of number of visits, status of pulp, group of tooth and preoperative pain revealed status of pulp and preoperative pain as influencing factors for postoperative pain in patency group.
Identifying individual hospital levels of maternal care using administrative data
Authors: Handley Sara C. , Passarella Molly , Srinivas Sindhu K. , Lorch Scott A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
The goal of regionalized perinatal care, specifically levels of maternal care, is to improve maternal outcomes through risk-appropriate obstetric care. Studies of levels of maternal care are limited by current approaches to identify a hospital’s level of care, often relying on hospital self-reported data, which is expensive and challenging to collect and validate. The study objective was to develop an empiric approach to determine a hospital’s level of maternal care using administrative data reflective of the patient care provided and apply this approach to describe the levels of maternal care available over time.

Methods
Retrospective cohort study of mother-infant dyads who delivered in California, Missouri, and Pennsylvania hospitals from 2000 to 2009. Linked mother-infant administrative records with an infant born at 24–44 weeks’ gestation and a birth weight of 400–8000 g were included. Using the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the Society for Maternal Fetal Medicine descriptions of levels of maternal care, four levels were classified based on the appropriate location of care for patients with specific medical or pregnancy conditions. Individual hospitals were assigned a level of maternal care annually based on the volume of patients who delivered reflective of the four classified levels as determined by International Classification of Diseases and Current Procedural Terminology.

Results
Based on the included 6,895,000 mother-infant dyads, the obstetric hospital levels of maternal care I, II, III and IV were identified. High-risk patients more frequently delivered in hospitals with higher level maternal care, accounting for 8.9, 10.9, 13.8, and 16.9% of deliveries in level I, II, III and IV hospitals, respectively. The total number of obstetric hospitals decreased over the study period, while the proportion of hospitals with high-level (level III or IV) maternal care increased. High-level hospitals were located in more densely populated areas.

Conclusion
Identification of the level of maternal care, independent of hospital self-reported variables, is feasible using administrative data. This empiric approach, which accounts for changes in hospitals over time, is a valuable framework for perinatal researchers and other stakeholders to inexpensively identify measurable benefits of levels of maternal care and characterize where specific patient populations receive care.
Prevalence and sociogeographical inequalities of violence against women in Ecuador: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Edeby Agnes , San Sebastián Miguel 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Violence against women (VAW) is a vast public health problem in Latin America. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of violence against women and to assess its sociogeographical inequalities in Ecuador during 2019.

Methods
This cross-sectional study used data from a national survey conducted in 2019 (n = 17,211) among women aged 15 years and over. Independent variables included age, marital status, education, ethnicity, place of residence and region. The chosen outcomes were lifetime experience of total violence, sexual violence, physical violence, psychological violence and economic violence. Frequency tables were first calculated, and then crude and adjusted regression models estimating risk differences and their 95% confidence intervals were computed.

Results
Nearly two-thirds (64.86%) of the participating women had experienced some form of violence during their lifetime, mainly psychological violence (56.92%). The second most prevalent type of violence was physical (35.44%) closely followed by sexual (32.67%). Almost one-fifth (16.38%) stated to have experienced some form of economic violence.
Physical and psychological violence were more common among women aged 26–35 and less among older women. All forms of violence were more often reported among women with no education except for sexual violence, which was more frequent among those with higher education. Physical, psychological and economic violence were more often reported by those living with a partner, being married or divorced/separated. Sexual violence was associated with those belonging to a non-indigenous ethnic group, while all types of violence were more common among those living in an urban setting (except physical violence), in the Highlands or in the Amazon region.

Conclusions
Our study showed that VAW is a common event in Ecuador and identified several sociogeographical inequalities that varied depending on the type of violence. VAW was more common among the younger age groups, those with low education, those living with a partner or being divorced/separated, or residing in an urban setting, in the Highlands or in the Amazon. Further studies including more social factors and a continuous monitoring of VAW are recommended. Current policies and laws to protect women need to be expanded and effectively implemented to reduce VAW in the Ecuador.
Effects of WNT1 c.110 T>C and c.505G>T mutations on osteoblast differentiation via the WNT1/β-catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Bashan , Li Rong , Wang Wenfeng , Zhou Xueming , Luo Beijing , Zhu Zinian , Zhang Xibo , Ding Aijiao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
WNT1 c.110 T>C and c.505G>T missense mutations have been identified in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). Whether these mutations affect osteoblast differentiation remains to be determined. This study aimed to investigate the effects of WNT1 c.110 T>C and c.505G>T mutations on osteoblast function, gene expression, and pathways involved in OI.

Methods
Empty vector (negative control), wild-type WNT1, WNT1 c.110 T>C, WNT1 c.505G>T, and WNT1 c.884C>A (positive control) mutant plasmids were constructed and transfected into preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cells to investigate their effect on osteoblast differentiation. The expressions of osteoblast markers, including BMP2, RANKL, osteocalcin, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), western blotting (WB), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and ALP staining assay, respectively. The mRNA and protein expression levels of WNT1 or the expression levels of the relevant proteins involved in the WNT1/β-catenin signaling pathway were also determined using RT-qPCR, WB, and immunofluorescence (IF) assays after the different plasmids were transfected into MC3T3-E1 cells.

Results
Compared with those in the wild-type group, in the mutation groups, the mRNA and protein expression levels of BMP2 were suppressed, the expressions of osteocalcin and ALP were inhibited, and the mRNA and protein expression levels of RANKL were enhanced in MC3T3-E1 cells. WB and IF assays revealed that the protein expression levels of WNT1 in MC3T3-E1 cells were downregulated in the mutation groups compared with those in the wild-type WNT1 group. Furthermore, the expression levels of nonphosphorylated β-catenin (non-p-β-catenin) and phosphorylated GSK-3β (p-GSK-3β) were downregulated in the mutation groups compared with those in the wild-type group. However, no significant changes in the expression level of non-p-β-catenin or p-GSK-3β were observed in the mutation groups.

Conclusions
WNT1 c.110 T>C and c.505G>T mutations may alter the proliferation and osteogenic phenotype of MC3T3-E1 linked to the progression of OI via the inhibition of the WNT1/β-catenin signaling pathway. This is the first study to confirm the effect of WNT1 c.110 T>C and c.505G>T missense mutations on osteoblast differentiation and propose a new molecular mechanism for OI development.