bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Origin and Characteristics of the Shwetagun Deposit, Modi Taung-Nankwe Gold District and the Kunzeik and Zibyaung Deposits, Kyaikhto Gold District in Mergui Belt, Myanmar: Implications for Fluid Source and Orogenic Gold Mineralization
Authors: Hlaing Myo Kyaw , Yonezu Kotaro , Zaw Khin , Myint Aung Zaw , Aye May Thwe , Watanabe Koichiro 
Published: December 2021

The Mergui Belt of Myanmar is endowed with several important orogenic gold deposits, which have economic significance and exploration potential. The present research is focused on two gold districts, Modi Taung-Nankwe and Kyaikhto in the Mergui Belt comparing their geological setting, ore and alteration mineralogy, fluid inclusion characteristics, and ore-forming processes. Both of the gold districts show similarities in nature and characteristics of gold-bearing quartz veins occurring as sheeted veins, massive veins, stockworks to spider veinlets. These gold deposits are mainly hosted by the mudstone, slaty mudstone, greywacke sandstone, slate, and slaty phyllite of Mergui Group (dominantly of Carboniferous age). The gold-bearing quartz veins generally trend from NNE to N-S, whereas some veins strike NW-SE in all deposits. The gold-bearing quartz veins are mainly occurred within the faults and shear zones throughout the two gold districts. Wall-rock alterations at Shwetagun are mainly silicification, chloritization, and sericitization, whereas in Kyaikhto, silicification, carbonation, as well as chloritization, and sericitization are common. At Shwetagun, the gold occurred as electrum grains in fractures within the veins and sulfides. In Kyaikhto, the quartz-carbonate-sulfide and quartz-sulfide veins appeared to have formed from multiple episodes of gold formation categorizing mainly as free native gold grains in fractures within the veins or invisible native gold and electrum within sulfides. At Shwetagun, the ore minerals in the auriferous quartz veins include pyrite, galena, and sphalerite, with a lesser amount of electrum, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, chlorite, and sericite. In Kyaikhto, the common mineralogy associated with gold mineralization is pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, marcasite, magnetite, hematite, ankerite, calcite, chlorite, epidote, albite, and sericite. At Shwetagun, the mineralization occurred at a varying temperature from 250 to 335°C, with a salinity range from 0.2 to 4.6 wt% NaCl equivalent. The Kyaikhto gold district was formed from aqueous–carbonic ore fluids of temperatures between 242 and 376°C, low to medium salinity (&lt;11.8 wt% NaCl equivalent), and low CO2 content. The ore-forming processes of the Shwetagun deposit in the Modi Taung-Nankwe gold district and the Kyaikhto gold district are remarkably comparable to those of the mesozonal orogenic gold systems.
Red Blood Cell Count: An Unrecognized Risk Factor for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Zhong Fang , Guan Liying , Lin Haiyan , Zhao Meng , Qin Yiming , Li Qihang , Yuan Zhongshang , Yang Guang , Gao Ling , Zhao Jiajun 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming a global public health challenge. A convenient NAFLD indicator will greatly facilitate risk appraisal and prevention. As a readily available and inexpensive hematological index in routine clinical examinations, red blood cells (RBCs) are gaining increasing attention in many diseases, such as metabolic syndrome, but their association with NAFLD is unknown.MethodsThis health management cohort study included 27,112 subjects (17,383 non-NAFLD and 9,729 NAFLD) with up to 5 years of follow-up (median 2.8 years). NAFLD was diagnosed by ultrasonography. NAFLD severity was categorized as mild, moderate, or severe. The generalized estimation equation (GEE), an extension of generalized linear models that allows for analysis of repeated measurements, was used to analyze the association between RBC count and NAFLD.ResultsOverall, 4,332 of 17,383 (24.9%) subjects without NAFLD at baseline developed NAFLD. Incident NAFLD risk was positively associated with RBC count. After adjustment for hemoglobin and other confounders, the risk of incident NAFLD was 21%, 32%, and 51% higher in the second, third, and fourth RBC count quartiles, respectively, than in the lowest quartile. In 1,798 of 9,476 (19.0%) subjects with NAFLD at baseline, the severity of NAFLD increased. NAFLD progression risk increased progressively as RBC count increased (P for trend &lt; 0.001). Every one-unit (1012 cells/L) increase in RBC count was associated with a 53% [OR 1.53 (95% CI 1.32-1.77)] increased risk for NAFLD progression.ConclusionsElevated RBC count was independently associated with a high risk of NAFLD incidence and progression. This finding revealed a convenient NAFLD risk indicator.
Prevalence and Prognostic Significance of Hyponatremia in Patients With Lung Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bartalis Eszter , Gergics Marin , Tinusz Benedek , Földi Mária , Kiss Szabolcs , Németh Dávid , Solymár Margit , Szakács Zsolt , Hegyi Péter , Mezösi Emese , Bajnok László 
Published: December 2021

Background: The prevalence of hyponatremia is highly variable among patients with lung cancer. However, its prevalence and prognostic significance in subgroups of patients with lung cancer have not yet been evaluated in a meta-analysis.Methods: We have registered our meta-analysis and review protocol to the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, with the following registration number: CRD42020167013. A systematic search was done in the following sources: MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, a WHO Global Health Library.Results: We identified a total of 8,962 potentially eligible studies, and we included 31 articles in our evaluation. The prevalence of hyponatremia in patients with lung cancer varied between 3 and 94.8% with an average of 25% without any significant differences between the following subgroups: histotype, gender, age, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) state, and the extent of disease. The overall survival (OS) was significantly lower in hyponatremic compared to normonatremic patients at 10 months [RR.59 (95% CI.47–0.74), p &lt; 0.001] and at 20 months [RR.44 (95% CI.33–0.59), p &lt; 0.001], with worse survival rates in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) [RR.27 (95% CI.12–0.44), p &lt; 0.001] than in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) [RR.42 (95% CI.27–0.57), p &lt; 0.001]. If hyponatremia was corrected, OS at 10 months was significantly higher than in the uncorrected hyponatremia group [RR 1.83 (95% CI 1.37–2.44), p &lt; 0.001], but, at 20 months, no statistically significant difference could be found between these subgroups [RR 2.65 (95% CI.94–7.50), p = 0.067].Conclusions: Patients with lung cancer diagnosed with hyponatremia, especially patients with NSCLC, seem to have significantly lower survival rates than normonatremic patients. If hyponatremia remains uncorrected, the mortality rates might be even higher.
A Novel Approach for COVID-19 Patient Condition Tracking: From Instant Prediction to Regular Monitoring
Authors: Bakin Evgeny A. , Stanevich Oksana V. , Chmelevsky Mikhail P. , Belash Vasily A. , Belash Anastasia A. , Savateeva Galina A. , Bokinova Veronika A. , Arsentieva Natalia A. , Sayenko Ludmila F. , Korobenkov Evgeny A. , Lioznov Dmitry A. , Totolian Areg A. , Polushin Yury S. , Kulikov Alexander N. 
Published: December 2021

Purpose: The aim of this research is to develop an accurate and interpretable aggregated score not only for hospitalization outcome prediction (death/discharge) but also for the daily assessment of the COVID-19 patient's condition.Patients and Methods: In this single-center cohort study, real-world data collected within the first two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic was used (27.04.2020–03.08.2020 and 01.11.2020–19.01.2021, respectively). The first wave data (1,349 cases) was used as a training set for the score development, while the second wave data (1,453 cases) was used as a validation set. No overlapping cases were presented in the study. For all the available patients' features, we tested their association with an outcome. Significant features were taken for further analysis, and their partial sensitivity, specificity, and promptness were estimated. Sensitivity and specificity were further combined into a feature informativeness index. The developed score was derived as a weighted sum of nine features that showed the best trade-off between informativeness and promptness.Results: Based on the training cohort (median age ± median absolute deviation 58 ± 13.3, females 55.7%), the following resulting score was derived: APTT (4 points), CRP (3 points), D-dimer (4 points), glucose (4 points), hemoglobin (3 points), lymphocytes (3 points), total protein (6 points), urea (5 points), and WBC (4 points). Internal and temporal validation based on the second wave cohort (age 60 ± 14.8, females 51.8%) showed that a sensitivity and a specificity over 90% may be achieved with an expected prediction range of more than 7 days. Moreover, we demonstrated high robustness of the score to the varying peculiarities of the pandemic.Conclusions: An extensive application of the score during the pandemic showed its potential for optimization of patient management as well as improvement of medical staff attentiveness in a high workload stress. The transparent structure of the score, as well as tractable cutoff bounds, simplified its implementation into clinical practice. High cumulative informativeness of the nine score components suggests that these are the indicators that need to be monitored regularly during the follow-up of a patient with COVID-19.
Creating Clinical Reasoning Assessment Tools in Different Languages: Adaptation of the Pediatric Emergency Medicine Script Concordance Test to Japanese
Authors: Nomura Osamu , Itoh Taichi , Mori Takaaki , Ihara Takateru , Tsuji Satoshi , Inoue Nobuaki , Carrière Benoit 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Clinical reasoning is a crucial skill in the practice of pediatric emergency medicine and a vital element of the various competencies achieved during the clinical training of resident doctors. Pediatric emergency physicians are often required to stabilize patients and make correct diagnoses with limited clinical information, time and resources. The Pediatric Emergency Medicine Script Concordance Test (PEM-SCT) has been developed specifically for assessing physician's reasoning skills in the context of the uncertainties in pediatric emergency practice. In this study, we developed the Japanese version of the PEM-SCT (Jpem-SCT) and confirmed its validity by collecting relevant evidence.Methods: The Jpem-SCT was developed by translating the PEM-SCT into Japanese using the Translation, Review, Adjudication, Pretest, Documentation team translation model, which follows cross-cultural survey guidelines for proper translation and cross-cultural and linguistic equivalences between the English and Japanese version of the survey. First, 15 experienced pediatricians participated in the pre-test session, serving as a reference panel for modifying the test descriptions, incorporating Japanese context, and establishing the basis for the scoring process. Then, a 1-h test containing 60 questions was administered to 75 trainees from three academic institutions. Following data collection, we calculated the item-total correlations of the scores to optimize selection of the best items in the final version of the Jpem-SCT. The reliability of the finalized Jpem-SCT was calculated using Cronbach's α coefficient for ensuring generalizability of the evidence. We also conducted multiple regression analysis of the test score to collect evidence on validity of the extrapolation.Results: The final version of the test, based on item-total correlation data analysis, contained 45 questions. The participant's specialties were as follows: Transitional interns 12.0%, pediatric residents 56.0%, emergency medicine residents 25.3%, and PEM fellows 6.7%. The mean score of the final version of the Jpem-SCT was 68.6 (SD 9.8). The reliability of the optimized test (Cronbach's α) was 0.70. Multiple regression analysis showed that being a transitional intern was a negative predictor of test scores, indicating that clinical experience relates to performance on the Jpem-SCT.Conclusion: This pediatric emergency medicine Script Concordance Test was reliable and valid for assessing the development of clinical reasoning by trainee doctors during residency training.
Composition and Diversity of the Ocular Surface Microbiota in Patients With Blepharitis in Northwestern China
Authors: Wang Changhao , Dou Xiuhong , Li Jian , Wu Jie , Cheng Yan , An Na 
Published: December 2021

Purpose: To investigate the composition and diversity of the microbiota on the ocular surface of patients with blepharitis in northwestern China via 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing.Methods: Thirty-seven patients with blepharitis divided into groups of anterior, posterior and mixed blepharitis and twenty healthy controls from northwestern China were enrolled in the study. Samples were collected from the eyelid margin and conjunctival sac of each participant. The V3–V4 region of bacterial 16S rDNA in each sample was amplified and sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq 2500 sequencing platform, and the differences in taxonomy and diversity among different groups were compared.Results: The composition of the ocular surface microbiota of patients with blepharitis was similar to that of healthy subjects, but there were differences in the relative abundance of each bacterium. At the phylum level, the abundances of Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Atribacteria were significantly higher in the blepharitis group than in the healthy control group, while the relative abundance of Firmicutes was significantly lower (p &lt; 0.05, Mann-Whitney U). At the genus level, the abundances of Lactobacillus, Ralstonia, Bacteroides, Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium, Escherichia-Shigella, Faecalibacterium, and Brevibacterium were significantly higher in the blepharitis group than in the healthy control group, while the relative abundances of Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Acinetobacter were significantly lower in the blepharitis group (p &lt; 0.05, Mann-Whitney U). The microbiota of anterior blepharitis was similar to that of mixed blepharitis but different from that of posterior blepharitis. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are biomarkers of posterior blepharitis, and Ralstonia is a biomarker of mixed blepharitis. There was no significant difference in the ocular surface microbiota between the eyelid margin and conjunctival sac with or without blepharitis.Conclusion: The ocular surface microbiota of patients with blepharitis varied among different study groups, according to 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing analysis. The reason might be due to the participants being from different environments and having different lifestyles. Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia, Ralstonia, and Bacteroides may play important roles in the pathogenesis of blepharitis.
Barriers to Optimal Acute Management of Stroke: Perspective of a Stroke Center in Mexico City
Authors: Cano-Nigenda Vanessa , Castellanos-Pedroza Enrique , Manrique-Otero Diana , Méndez Beatriz , Menéndez-Manjarrez María Fernanda , Toledo-Treviño Roberto , Calderón Miguel , Arauz Antonio 
Published: December 2021

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. We aimed to identify the main barriers to optimal acute management of stroke in a referral center.Methods: Demographic data was collected from patients assessed with acute stroke in the emergency department of the Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (INNN) from January to June 2019. Additionally, a telephone interview was conducted with patients/primary caregiver to know which they considered the main reason for the delay in arrival at INNN since the onset of stroke.Results: 116 patients were assessed [age 65 ± 15 years, 67 (57.8%) men]. Patients consulted other facilities prior to arrival at INNN in 59 (50.9%) cases (range of hospitals visited 1–4), 83 (71.6%) arrived in a private car, with prenotification in only 4 (3.4%) of the total sample. The mean onset-to-door time was 17 h (45 min−10 days). Telephone interviews were done in 61 patients/primary caregivers, stating that they consider the multiple evaluations in other facilities [n = 26/61 (42.6%)] as the main reason for delay in arrival at the ED, followed by ignorance of stroke symptoms and treatment urgency [n = 21/61 (34.4%)].Conclusion: In this small, retrospective, single center study, the main prehospital barrier to optimal acute management of stroke in a developing country is multiple medical evaluations prior to the patient's transport to a specialized stroke hospital, who mostly arrived in a private car and without prenotification. These barriers can be overcome by strengthening public education and improving patient transfer networks and telemedicine.
Frequency-Specific Blood Oxygen Level Dependent Oscillations Associated With Pain Relief From Ankle Acupuncture in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Xiang Anfeng , Chen Meiyu , Qin Chuan , Rong Jun , Wang Can , Shen Xueyong , Liu Sheng 
Published: December 2021

Objective: Recent advances in brain imaging have deepened our knowledge of the neural activity in distinct brain areas associated with acupuncture analgesia. However, there has not been conclusive research into the frequency-specific resting-state functional changes associated with acupuncture analgesia in patients with chronic pain. Here, we aimed to characterize changes across multiple frequencies of resting-state cortical activity associated with ankle acupuncture stimulation (AAS) in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) and healthy controls.Methods: Twenty seven patients with CLBP and Twenty five age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study. Participants received tactile sham acupuncture (TSA) and AAS, respectively. The whole-brain amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) in the range 0.01–0.25 Hz was assessed for changes associated with each intervention. Further, a visual analog scale (VAS) was used to collect subjective measures of pain intensity in patients. Linear mixed-effect modeling (LME) was used to examine the mean ALFF values of AAS and TSA between patients and healthy controls.Results: The ALFF was modulated in the default mode network (an increase in the medial prefrontal cortex, and a decrease in the cerebellum/posterior ingulate/parahippocampus, P &lt; 0.01, corrected) in both patients and controls. Decreased ALFF in the bilateral insular was frequency-dependent. Modulations in the cerebellum and right insular were significantly correlated with VAS pain score after AAS (P &lt; 0.01).Conclusion: Hence, frequency-specific resting-state activity in the cerebellum and insular was correlated to AAS analgesia. Our frequency-specific analysis of ALFF may provide novel insights related to pain relief from acupuncture.
A Functional Variant in SEPP1 Interacts With Plasma Selenium Concentrations on 3-Year Lipid Changes: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Zhou Li , Liang Xiaoling , Xie Manling , Yin Jiawei , Huang Yue , Li Xiaoqin , Shan Zhilei , Chen Liangkai , Zhang Yan , Luo Cheng , Liu Liegang 
Published: December 2021

Background: Excess selenium has been related with adverse lipid levels in previous epidemiological studies. Meanwhile, a functional variant in SEPP1 (encodes selenoprotein P), namely rs7579, has been suggested to modulate lipid metabolism. However, the interactions between selenium status and rs7579 polymorphism on lipid changes remain unclear.Objective: To examine whether the associations between plasma selenium and 3-year lipid changes is modified by rs7579 polymorphism.Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted among 1,621 individuals to examine the associations between baseline plasma selenium and 3-year lipid changes, as well as the interactions between plasma selenium and rs7579 polymorphism on lipid changes.Results: The median (interquartile range) concentration of plasma selenium was 91.68 (81.55–104.92) μg/L. Higher plasma selenium was associated with adverse 3-year lipid changes. Comparing the highest to the lowest quartiles of plasma selenium concentrations, 3-year lipid changes were elevated by 8.25% (95% CI: 1.54–14.96%) for triglycerides (P = 0.016), 5.88% (3.13–8.63%) for total cholesterol (P &lt; 0.001), 7.37% (3.07–11.67%) for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.0008), 6.44% (2.66–10.21%) for non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.0009), 4.99% (0.62–9.36%) for total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (P = 0.025), and 7.00% (1.55–12.46%) for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (P = 0.012). In analyses stratified by rs7579 genotypes, positive associations between plasma selenium concentrations and 3-year changes in triglycerides, TC, LDL-C, non-HDL-C, TC/HDL-C ratio, and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio were observed among CC genotype carriers, but negative associations between plasma selenium and TC/HDL-C ratio, and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio were observed among TT genotype carriers.Conclusions: Our findings suggested that plasma selenium was associated with 3-year lipid changes differentially by rs7579 genotypes, and higher plasma selenium was associated with adverse lipid changes among rs7579 CC genotype carriers, but not among T allele carriers.
Association of Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs) and Warfarin With Haemorrhagic Risk by Applying Correspondence Analysis to Data From the Italian Pharmacovigilance Database – A Case Study
Authors: Gaio Mario , Ferrajolo Carmen , Zinzi Alessia , Riccardi Consiglia , Di Filippo Pasquale , Carangelo Ludovica , Pieretti Gorizio , Rossi Francesco , Nicoletti Giovanni Francesco , Capuano Annalisa 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Post-marketing data on the risks associated with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are conflicting and only few studies evaluated a comparison between each different DOAC. Real-world data from pharmacovigilance databases can help to better define the safety profile of each DOAC and warfarin. However, Correspondence Analysis (CA) could represent a useful tool in this context.Objective: In the attempt to assess the usefulness of CA as a signal detection pharmacovigilance tool, we applied this method to the Italian Pharmacovigilance Database (RNF, Rete Nazionale di Farmacovigilanza), by comparing with disproportionality analysis on warfarin and DOACs.Methods: Study based on AEs sent to RNF by Campania Region from 2008 to 2021, in which warfarin, dabigatran, apixaban, edoxaban or rivaroxaban were reported as suspected drug. AEs were clustered into three Standardized MedDRA Queries (SMQs): Central Nervous System Haemorrhages and Conditions (CNSH), GastroIntestinal Perforation, Ulceration, Obstruction or Haemorrhages (GIPUOH) and other Haemorrhages (HH). Non-haemorrhagic AEs were included in a fourth cluster (nHH).Results: We retrieved 1,161 reports: 41.5% are associated to warfarin, 21.0% to dabigatran, 17.8% to rivaroxaban, 13.9% to apixaban and 5.8% to edoxaban. No significant differences in age distribution were observed. Results of CA showed that dabigatran and warfarin have the highest contribution (44.910 and 47.656, respectively) to the inertia of Dimension 1 as well as apixaban and dabigatran to the inertia of Dimension 2 (53.768 and 30.488, respectively). Edoxaban and rivaroxaban showed a negligible total contribution. CA biplot showed positive associations between warfarin and HH, apixaban and CNSH and dabigatran and nHH.Conclusion: Results seem to confirm that DOACs are not interchangeable. Apixaban was surprisingly associated with a higher risk of cerebral haemorrhage. As expected, our data support the better safety profile of DOACs than warfarin in terms of skin and respiratory tract hemorrhagic risks. Finally, we showed how CA could play a complementary role in analyzing data from pharmacovigilance databases.