bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lumbar spondylolisthesis: STATE of the art on assessment and conservative treatment
Authors: Vanti Carla , Ferrari Silvano , Guccione Andrew A. , Pillastrini Paolo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionThere is weak relationship between the presence of lumbar spondylolisthesis [SPL] and low back pain that is not always associated with instability, either at the involved lumbar segment or at different spinal levels. Therefore patients with lumbar symptomatic SPL can be divided into stable and unstable, based on the level of mobility during flexion and extension movements as general classifications for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Different opinions persist about best treatment (conservative vs. surgical) and among conservative treatments, on the type, dosage, and progression of physical therapy procedures.Purpose and importance to practiceThe aim of this Masterclass is to provide clinicians evidence-based indications for assessment and conservative treatment of SPL, taking into consideration some subgroups related to specific clinical presentations.Clinical implicationsThis Masterclass addresses the different phases of the assessment of a patient with SPL, including history, imaging, physical exam, and questionnaires on disability and cognitive-behavioral components. Regarding conservative treatment, self- management approaches and graded supervised training, including therapeutic relationships, information and education, are explained. Primary therapeutic procedures for pain control, recovery of the function and the mobility through therapeutic exercise, passive mobilization and antalgic techniques are suggested. Moreover, some guidance is provided on conservative treatment in specific clinical presentations (lumbar SPL with radiating pain and/or lumbar stenosis, SPL complicated by other factors, and SPL in adolescents) and the number/duration of sessions.Future research prioritiesSome steps to improve the diagnostic-therapeutic approach in SPL are to identify the best cluster of clinical tests, define different lumbar SPL subgroups, and investigate the effects of treatments based on that classification, similarly to the approach already proposed for non-specific LBP.
Reusability of autoclaved 3D printed polypropylene compared to a glass filled polypropylene composite
Authors: Fischer Kristin M. , Howell Andrew P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHealth care waste can be a costly expenditure for facilities as specific disposal methods must be used to prevent the spread of pathogens. If more multi-use medical devices were available, it could potentially relieve some of this burden; however, sterilization between uses is important in preventing disease transmission. 3D printing has the ability to easily create custom medical devices at a low cost, but the majority of filaments utilized cannot survive steam sterilization. Polypropylene (PP) can withstand autoclave temperatures, but is difficult to print as it warps and shrinks during printing; however, a composite PP filament reduces these effects. Commercially available PP and glass filled PP (GFPP) filaments were successfully 3D printed into 30 × 30 × 30 mm cubes with no shrinking or warping and were autoclaved. The 134 °C autoclave temperature was too high as several cubes melted after two to three rounds, but both PP and GFPP cubes displayed minimal changes in mass and volume after one, four, seven, and ten rounds of autoclaving at 121 °C. GFPP cubes autoclaved zero, four, seven, and ten times had significantly smaller average compressive stress values compared to all PP groups, but the GFPP cubes autoclaved once were only less than PP cubes autoclaved zero, seven and ten times. GFPP cubes autoclaved zero, one, four, and seven times also deformed less indicating that the embedded glass fibers provided additional strength. While a single method was found that successfully printed PP and GFPP cubes that were able to survive up to ten rounds of autoclaving, future work should include further investigation into the mechanical properties and increasing the number of autoclave rounds.
Measuring post-discharge socioeconomic and quality of life outcomes in trauma patients: a scoping review
Authors: David Siddarth Daniels , Roy Nobhojit , Solomon Harris , Lundborg Cecilia Stålsby , Wärnberg Martin Gerdin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Trauma is a global public health challenge. Measuring post-discharge socioeconomic and quality-of-life outcomes can help better understand and reduce the consequences of trauma.

Methods
We performed a scoping review to map the existing research on post-discharge outcomes for trauma patients, irrespective of the country or setting in which the study was performed. The scoping review was conducted by searching six databases – MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Global Index Medicus, BASE, and Web of Science – to identify all articles that report post-discharge socioeconomic or quality of life outcomes in trauma patients from 2009 to 2018.

Results
Seven hundred fifty-eight articles were included in this study, extracting 958 outcomes. Most studies (82%) were from high-income countries (HICs). More studies from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) were cross-sectional (71%) compared with HIC settings (46%). There was a wide variety of different definitions, interpretations, and measurements used by various articles for similar outcomes. Quality of life, return to work, social support, cost, and participation were the main outcomes studied in post-discharge trauma patients.

Conclusions
The wide range of outcomes and outcome measures reported across different types of injuries and settings. This variability can be a barrier when comparing across different types of injuries and settings. Post-discharge trauma studies should move towards building evidence based on standardized measurement of outcomes.
Additive and synergistic interactions of entomopathogenic fungi with Bacillus thuringiensis for the control of the European grapevine moth Lobesia botrana (Denis and Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: Beris Evangelos , Korkas Elias 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
The European grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana (Denis and Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is currently the most damaging pest in many viticultural regions across the Mediterranean basin and elsewhere. Its feeding activity also enhances the development of secondary infections by Botrytis cinerea - and other fungi - to wine grapes. The gram-positive bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has been reported to partially control larval populations of L. botrana, while it requires to be digested by the insect to cause infection. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are possibly capable of acting synergistically with Bt to increase its efficacy against insect pests.

Results
The hypothesis of synergy or antagonism between Bt and EPF for the control of L. botrana was tested in two bioassays: A) Insects fed on Bt diet and subsequently some groups were sprayed by conidia of Beauveria bassiana or Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, and B) Grapes were sprayed by Bt, or B. bassiana, or combination of the two, and then untreated insects were placed to feed on the grapes. In both bioassays, combination treatments performed better than single treatments, indicating additive action or synergy. The Bt and B. bassiana combination treatment (Bt diet for 30 h and then sprayed with conidia of B. bassiana) resulted in 91% larval mortality while the single Bt and B. bassiana treatments caused 28% and 34% mortality respectively. Such results indicated synergism. Combination treatment on grapes also caused significantly higher mortality on L. botrana larvae, compared to single treatments. The median lethal time (LT50) was estimated as 8.43 days for the single Bt treatment, 7.87 days for the single B. bassiana treatment and 6.3 days for the combination Bt + B. bassiana treatment.

Conclusions
Absence of antagonism as well as additive action or synergy were indicated by the results. Larval populations of the pest can be effectively controlled by using microbial biocontrol agents. Further research is needed to investigate the biotic and abiotic factors that affect interactions between insect hosts and entomopathogenic organisms. However, the entomopathogens used in the present study showed remarkable action and may be included parallelly in control strategies against vineyard pests.
The efficacy of low dose short-term prednisone therapy for remission induction in newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Stacy John M. , Greenmyer Jacob R. , Beal James R. , Sahmoun Abe E. , Diri Erdal 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
The ACR/EULAR recommendations endorse the use of glucocorticoids (GCs) for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients’ flares and as a bridge to a DMARD. However, the recommendation of low dose short-term monotherapy with (GCs) remains open to the discretion of the clinician. The aim of this study was to assess whether a short-term use of low dose prednisone monotherapy was effective in inducing remission in newly diagnosed RA patients.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of patients newly diagnosed with RA at a Community Health Center in North Dakota was performed based on the ACR/EULAR RA classification criteria. Demographic and clinical data were abstracted from patients’ medical charts. Patients treated with (< 10 mg/day) of prednisone up to 6 months were included. Response to prednisone was analyzed according to pre- and post-treatment DAS28-ESR score and EULAR response criteria.

Results
Data on 201 patients were analyzed. The mean prednisone dose was 8 mg/day (range: 5–10; SD = 1.2) and the mean treatment duration was 42.2 days (12–177; 16.9). Disease severity significantly improved from baseline to follow-up for: tender joint count (8.6 ± 4.8 vs. 1.5 ± 3.3; P < 0.001), swollen joint count (6.2 ± 5.0 vs. 1.4 ± 3.0; P < 0.001), and visual analog pain score (4.8 ± 2.6 vs. 2.1 ± 2.5; P < 0.001). DAS28-ESR disease severity significantly improved from baseline to follow-up: (5.1 ± 1.2 vs. 2.7 ± 1.3; P < 0.001). Per EULAR response criteria, 69.7% of patients showed good response to treatment and 20.4% showed moderate response. 54.2% of patients reached remission.

Conclusion
Short-term use of low dose prednisone monotherapy induced disease remission and improved clinical severity of RA in the majority of newly diagnosed patients.
Maintaining laboratory quality assurance and safety in a pandemic: Experiences from the KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme laboratory’s COVID-19 response
Authors: Gumba Horace , Opiyo Michael , Musyoki Jennifer , Mutunga Martin , Ngetsa Caroline , Mwarumba Salim , Mosobo Moses , Njuguna Susan , Kai Oscar , Lambisia Arnold W. , Kimani Domtila , Cheruiyot Robinson , Kiyuka Patience , Lewa Clement , Gicheru Elijah , Tendwa Metrine , Said Mohammed Khadija , Osoti Victor , Makale Johnstone , Tawa Brian , Odundo Calleb , Cheruiyot Wesley , Nyamu Wilfred , Gumbi Wilson , Mwacharo Jedidah , Nyamako Lydia , Otieno Edward , Amadi David , Ouma Nelson , Karia Boniface , Thoya Janet , Karani Angela , Mugo Daisy , Gichuki Bonface M. , Riako Debra , Mutua Shadrack , Gitonga John N. , Ominde Kelly , Wanjiku Perpetual , Mutiso Agnes , Mwanzu Alfred , Sein Yiakon , Bartilol Brian , Mwangi Shaban , Omuoyo Donwilliams O. , Morobe John M. , de Laurent Zaydah R. , Mitsanze Fredrick , Mwakubia Alfred , Rono Martin , Nyaguara Amek , Tsofa Benjamin , Bejon Philip , Agoti Charles N. , Ochola-Oyier Lynette Isabella 
Published: August 2021

Laboratory diagnosis plays a critical role in the containment of a pandemic. Strong laboratory quality management systems (QMS) are essential for laboratory diagnostic services. However, low laboratory capacities in resource-limited countries has made the maintenance of laboratory quality assurance, especially during a pandemic, a daunting task. In this paper, we describe our experience of how we went about providing diagnostic testing services for SARS-CoV-2 through laboratory reorganization, redefining of the laboratory workflow, and training and development of COVID-19 documented procedures, all while maintaining the quality assurance processes during the COVID-19 pandemic at the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) Wellcome Trust Research Programme (KWTRP) laboratory. The KWTRP laboratory managed to respond to the COVID-19 outbreak in Kenya by providing diagnostic testing for the coastal region of the country, while maintaining its research standard quality assurance processes. A COVID-19 team comprising of seven sub-teams with assigned specific responsibilities and an organizational chart with established reporting lines were developed. Additionally, a total of four training sessions were conducted for county Rapid Response Teams (RRTs) and laboratory personnel. A total of 11 documented procedures were developed to support the COVID-19 testing processes, with three for the pre-analytical phases, seven for the analytical phase, and one for the post-analytical phase. With the workflow re-organization, the development of appropriate standard operating procedures, and training, research laboratories can effectively respond to pandemic outbreaks while maintaining research standard QMS procedures.
O corpo a corpo feminista nas ruas e nas telas
Authors: Da Silva Geisa Rodrigues Leite 
Published: August 2021

No cenário atual do retorno da potência das lutas e reivindicações feministas, e eclosão das novas tecnologias e redes, inúmeros materiais audiovisuais têm sido produzidos e difundidos tanto para efeito de registro, como disseminação das manifestações nas ruas. Esta produção audiovisual tem como característica um redimensionamento do papel político do corpo da mulher, em que a exposição e a performance promovem uma manipulação produtiva da potência política dos corpos femininos. Tais produtos também se caracterizam pela articulação de diferentes formatos narrativos e criativos, apresentando elementos estéticos transgressores, que merecem ser elucidados. No presente artigo propomos uma análise de alguns destes vídeos, articulada a pressupostos teóricos do feminismo contemporâneo, para evidenciar de que forma os encontros dos corpos nas ruas e nas telas se retroalimentam, apresentando uma alternativa eficaz de ocupação e proliferação das pautas políticas femininas.
Desigualdades na utilização de serviços odontológicos do SUS entre adultos de 35-44 anos, em Salvador, Bahia.
Authors: Oliveira Danillo Lyrio , Dias Pedro Henrique Presta , Cruz Denise Nogueira , Cangussu Maria Cristina Teixeira , Barros Sandra Garrido 
Published: August 2021

Com o objetivo de caracterizar o perfil dos usuários do SUS na faixa etária de 35–44 anos e a utilização dos serviços odontológicos de Salvador, Bahia, por essa população, foi realizado um estudo de corte transversal utilizando dados secundários do Inquérito de Saúde Bucal realizado no município, em 2015. Foram analisadas as variáveis da entrevista realizada com 1.321 usuários de unidades básicas de saúde dos 12 Distritos Sanitários. Observou-se predominância do sexo feminino (78,1%), pardos e pretos (88,1%), alfabetizados (99,2%), que não recebiam benefício social (70,4%) e com necessidade de tratamento percebida (80,8%). Quanto ao uso dos serviços odontológicos no último ano observou-se: 62,4% de acesso ao dentista (consultas), 26,1% de exodontia, 31,3% de restauração, 10,2% de endodontia, 8,0% de prótese, 8,8% de cirurgia/periodontia e 23% participaram de atividades educativas. Prevaleceu a utilização dos serviços de financiamento público (p=0,02), exceto para as especialidades de endodontia e prótese (p<0,00). Verificou-se baixa utilização dos serviços e participação em atividades educativas. Há diferenças importantes na distribuição e cobertura dos serviços odontológicos entre os Distritos, que promovem desigualdades no acesso e utilização dos serviços públicos. Sugere-se a ampliação da oferta de serviços odontológicos, reorganização dos serviços quanto à marcação de consultas, horário de funcionamento, distribuição dos profissionais e modelo de atenção. INEQUALITIES IN SUS DENTAL SERVICES UTILIZATION AMONG ADULTS AGED 35–44 YEARS, IN SALVADOR, BAHIA ABSTRACTAiming to characterize the profile of users of the Unified Health System (SUS) aging 35–44 years old and the use of dental services in Salvador, Bahia, a cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data from the Oral Health Survey taken in 2015 in the city. Interview variables with 1.321 users of basic health units in the 12 Health Districts about service utilization were analyzed. There was predominance of females (78.1%), brown and black (88.1%), literate (99.2%), who received no social assistance (70.4%) and in need of perceived treatment (80.8%). Regarding the use of dental services in the last year we obtained: 62.4% dental access (consultations), 26.1% dental extraction, 31.3% restoration, 10.2% endodontics, 8.0% prosthesis, 8.8% of surgery/ periodontics and 23% participated in educational activities. The use of publicly-funded services prevailed (p = 0.02), except for the specialties of endodontics and prosthesis (p < 0.00). There was low utilization of services and participation in educational activities. It is suggested to expand the offer of dental services, reorganization of services regarding appointment scheduling, opening hours, distribution of professionals and care model.
Universalidade e democracia: esteios das ciências contra o charlatanismo
Authors: Coelho Thereza Christina Bahia 
Published: August 2021

Um novo paradigma do conhecimento parece surgir da hecatombe virótica e política que atinge principalmente as Américas para talvez enterrar de vez ou, pelo menos, inativar temporariamente a virulência do anterior, que deu abrigo a teorias como a da Escolha Racional, que é o paradigma neoliberal. Contra ele, ressurge a tese dos sistemas universais de saúde enquanto estruturas de Estado, mantidas e controladas pelo próprio Estado Ampliado, no sentido gramsciano. O editorial do volume 11, ano 2021, segundo ano da pandemia de COVID-19 do século XXI, tem por objetivo apresentar de forma reflexiva dez artigos do número 1, com temas que abordam diretamente ou indiretamente a pandemia, seus desdobramentos, tomando como valores orientadores das práticas editoriais, de pesquisa e cuidado em saúde, a justiça e democracia, mais que conceitos, significantes para o pensamento e a ação. ABSTRACTA new paradigm of knowledge seems to emerge from the viral and political hecatomb that affects mainly the Americas to perhaps bury forever or at least temporarily inactivate the virulence of the previous one, which gave shelter to theories such as Rational Choice, which is the neoliberal paradigm. Against him, the thesis of universal health systems resurfaces as State structures, maintained and controlled by the Extended State itself, in the Gramscian sense. The editorial of the volume 11, 2021, second year of the COVID-19 pandemic, of the 21st century, aims to reflectively present ten articles published on number 1 with themes that directly or indirectly address the pandemic, its consequences, taking as guiding values of editorial practices, research and health care, justice and democracy, more than concepts, significant for thought and action.Keywords: COVID-19; Pandemic; Sciences; Universality; Democracy; Health. RESUMENUn nuevo paradigma de conocimiento parece emerger de la hecatombe viral y política que afecta principalmente a las Américas para quizás enterrar definitivamente o al menos inactivar temporalmente la virulencia del anterior, que dio cobijo a teorías como la Elección Racional, que es el paradigma neoliberal. Frente a él, la tesis de los sistemas de salud universales resurge como estructuras estatales, mantenidas y controladas por el propio Estado Extendido, en el sentido gramciano. El editorial del volumen 11, año 2021, segundo año de la pandemia COVID-19, del siglo XXI, tiene como objetivo presentar de manera reflexiva diez artículos del número 1, con temas que aborden directa o indirectamente la pandemia, sus consecuencias, tomando como rector valores de las prácticas editoriales, la investigación y la salud, la justicia y la democracia, más que conceptos, significativos para el pensamiento y la acción.Palabras clave: COVID-19; Pandemia; Ciencias; Universalidad; Democracia; Salud.
Raman lidar for remote sensing of oil in water
Authors: Somekawa Toshihiro , Izawa Jun , Fujita Masayuki , Kawanaka Junji , Kuze Hiroaki 
Published: August 2021

We describe a portable Raman lidar system that can remotely detect oil leakages in water. The system has been developed based on a frequency-doubled,

Q

-switched Nd:YAG laser, operated at 532 nm with a receiver telescope equipped with some filters and photomultipliers. Stand-off detection of oil is achieved in a 6-m-long water tank, which allowed us to considerably increase the survey capability of subsea infrastructures, including both the range observation and target identification.
Innovation in unruptured intracranial aneurysm coiling: At which price or efficacy are new technologies cost-effective?
Authors: Ben-Israel David , Belanger Brooke L. , Adibi Amin , Eesa Muneer , Mitha Alim P. , Spackman Eldon 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundUnruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIA) are increasingly being treated by endovascular coiling as opposed to open surgical clipping. Unfortunately, endovascular coiling imparts an approximate 25% recanalization rate, leading to additional procedures and increased rupture risk. While a new health technology innovation (HTI) that reduces this recanalization rate would benefit patients, few advancements have been made. We aim to determine whether cost-effectiveness has been a barrier to HTI.MethodsA probabilistic Markov model was constructed from the healthcare payer perspective to compare standard endovascular treatment of UIA to standard treatment plus the addition of a HTI adjunct. Costs were measured in 2018 USD and health outcomes were measured in quality-adjusted life-years (QALY). In the base case, the HTI was a theoretical mesenchymal stem cell therapy which reduced the aneurysm recanalization rate by 50% and cost $10,000 per procedure. All other model inputs were derived from the published scientific literature.ResultsBased on the model results, we found that for a given HTI price (y) and relative risk reduction of aneurysm recanalization (x), the HTI was always cost-effective if the following equation was satisfied:y≤ 20268 ∙x, using a willingness-to-pay threshold of $50,000 per QALY. The uncertainty surrounding whether an aneurysm would recanalize was a significant driver within the model. When the uncertainty around the risk of aneurysm recanalization was eliminated, the 10-year projected additional benefit to the United States healthcare system was calculated to be $113,336,994.ConclusionCost-effectiveness does not appear to be a barrier to innovation in reducing the recanalization rate of UIA treated by endovascular coil embolization. Our model can now be utilized by academia and industry to accentuate economically feasible HTI and by healthcare payers to calculate their maximum willingness-to-pay for a new technology. Our results also indicate that predicting a patient’s baseline risk of aneurysm recanalization is a critical area of future research.