bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel non-invasive method allowing for discovery of pathologically relevant proteins from small airways
Authors: Östling Jörgen , Geest Marleen Van , Olsson Henric K , Dahlén Sven-Erik , Viklund Emilia , Gustafsson Per , Mirgorodskaya Ekaterina , Olin Anna-Carin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundBreath contains an aerosol of droplet particles, which are formed from the epithelial lining fluid when the small airways close and re-open during inhalation succeeding a full expiration. These particles can be collected by impaction using the PExA® method (Particles in Exhaled Air), and constitute a potential source of biomarkers reflecting pathological processes in the small airways.ObjectiveOur aim was to investigate if PExA method may be useful for discovery of biomarkers that reflect pathology of small airways.Methods10 healthy controls and 20 subjects with asthma, of whom 10 with small airway involvement as indicated by a high lung clearance index (LCI ≥2.9 z-score), were examined using the PExA instrument. The samples were analysed with the SOMAscan proteomics platform (SomaLogic Inc).ResultsTwo hundred-seven proteins were detected in up to 80% of the samples. Nine proteins showed differential abundance in subjects with asthma and high LCI as compared to healthy controls. Two of these were less abundant (ALDOA4, C4), and seven more abundant (FIGF, SERPINA1, CD93, CCL18, F10, IgM, IL1RAP). sRAGE levels were lower in ex-smokers (n=14) than in never smokers (n=16). Gene Ontology (GO) annotation database analyses revealed that the PEx proteome is enriched in extracellular proteins associated with extracellular exosome-vesicles and innate immunity.ConclusionThe applied analytical method was reproducible and allowed identification of pathologically interesting proteins in PEx samples from asthmatic subjects with high LCI. The results suggest that PEx based proteomics is an novel and promising approach to study respiratory diseases with small airway involvement.
Comparison of Methodologies used to Determine Aromatic Lignin Unit Ratios in Lignocellulosic Biomass
Authors: Happs Renee M. , Addison Bennett , Doeppke Crissa , Donohoe Bryon S. , Davis Mark F. , Harman-Ware Anne Elizabeth 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background Multiple analytical methods have been developed to determine the ratios of aromatic lignin units, particularly the syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) ratio, of lignin biopolymers in plant cell walls. Chemical degradation methods such as thioacidolysis produce aromatic lignin units that are released from certain linkages and may induce chemical changes rendering it difficult to distinguish and determine the source of specific aromatic lignin units released, as is the case with nitrobenzene oxidation methodology. NMR methods provide powerful tools used to analyze cell walls for lignin composition and linkage information. Pyrolysis-mass spectrometry methods are also widely used, particularly as high-throughput methodologies. However, the different techniques used to analyze aromatic lignin unit ratios frequently yield different results within and across particular studies, making it difficult to interpret and compare results. This also makes it difficult to obtain meaningful insights relating these measurements to other characteristics of plant cell walls that may impact biomass sustainability and conversion metrics for the production of bio-derived fuels and chemicals. Results The authors compared the S/G lignin unit ratios obtained from thioacidolysis, pyrolysis-molecular beam mass spectrometry (py-MBMS), HSQC liquid-state NMR and solid-state (ss) NMR methodologies of pine, several genotypes of poplar, and corn stover biomass. An underutilized approach to deconvolute ssNMR spectra was implemented to derive S/G ratios. The S/G ratios obtained for the samples did not agree across the different methods, but trends were similar with the most agreement among the py-MBMS, HSQC NMR and deconvoluted ssNMR methods. The relationship between S/G, thioacidolysis yields, and linkage analysis determined by HSQC is also addressed. Conclusions This work demonstrates that different methods using chemical, thermal, and nondestructive NMR techniques to determine native lignin S/G ratios in plant cell walls may yield different results depending on species and linkage abundances. Spectral deconvolution can be applied to many hardwoods with lignin dominated by S and G units, but the results may not be reliable for some woody and grassy species of more diverse lignin composition. HSQC may be a better method for analyzing lignin in those species given the wealth of information provided on additional aromatic moieties and bond linkages. Additionally, trends or correlations in lignin characteristics such as S/G ratios and lignin linkages within the same species such as poplar may not necessarily exhibit the same trends or correlations made across different biomass types. Careful consideration is required when choosing a method to measure S/G ratios and the benefits and shortcomings of each method discussed here are summarized.
Combined primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma: case report and literature review
Authors: Nakano Akira , Hirabayashi Kenichi , Yamamuro Hiroshi , Mashiko Taro , Masuoka Yoshihito , Yamamoto Seiichiro , Ozawa Soji , Nakagohri Toshio 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can grow in a mosaic pattern, often combined with various non-hepatocellular cells. However, HCC combined with a neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) component is rarely reported, and its clinical features, origin, diagnosis, and behavior have not been established. In the literature, mixed HCC–NEC tumors are categorized as either collision type or combined type, depending on their microscopic features. Here we report a patient with a combined-type HCC–NEC tumor.Case presentation: An asymptomatic 84-year-old woman was found to have a solid mass in the right lobe of the liver. Laboratory and radiologic examinations showed typical findings of HCC, including arterial-phase enhancement, and portal- and delay-phase washout. She was treated by partial laparoscopic hepatectomy of segment 5. Pathological examination showed that the tumor was predominantly HCC, partly admixed with an NEC component. A transitional zone between the HCC and NEC tissues was also observed. The tumor was finally diagnosed as a combined-type primary mixed NEC–HCC tumor. After the preoperative diagnosis, the patient underwent somatostatin receptor scintigraphy to detect the primary NEC lesion, but no accumulation was found in any other part of her body. She has been free of recurrence for 9 months since the surgery.Conclusion: Mixed HCC–NEC tumors are extremely rare and Correct diagnosis requires multidisciplinary collaboration. The accumulation of further cases is needed to help understand the exact pathology, diagnosis, and treatment of this disease.
Interplay between RNA Methylation Eraser FTO and Writer METTL3 in Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma Patient Survival
Authors: Zhao Jiaxun , Lu Lingeng 
Published: February 2021

Background:
m6A-methyltransferase METTL3 and demethylase FTO regulate gene expression
by dynamically modifying RNA methylation. However, their clinical relevance in renal
Clear Cell Carcinoma (CCRCC) has not been well elucidated.

Objective:
This study aims to investigate prognostic values of FTO and METTL3 mRNA and DNA
methylation, their differential expression and associations with chemokines and inflammation-related
genes in CCRCC.

Methods:
Kaplan-Meier survival curves and multivariate cox regression were performed for survival
analyses, and random-effects meta-analysis was conducted for differential expression of FTO
and METTL3 in CCRCC.

Results:
A significantly negative correlation was observed between mRNA and DNA methylation
for both FTO and METTL3. Survival analysis showed a superior survival in patients with either
high FTO mRNA or low DNA methylation, or low METTL3 mRNA or high DNA methylation.
The adjusted hazard ratios were 0.67 (95% CI: 0.49-0.91, p = 0.01) for high vs. low FTO mRNA,
2.17 (1.38-3.42, p = 0.0008) for high vs. low FTO DNA methylation, 1.97 (1.45-2.68, p<0.0001)
for high vs. low METTL3 mRNA, and 0.49 (0.31-0.79, p = 0.003) for high vs. low METTL3 DNA
methylation, respectively. There was a significant interaction between FTO and METTL3 mRNA
levels (p = 0.024). Upregulation of FTO and METTL3 with 1.64 folds (95% CI: 1.43-1.89) and
1.17 folds (1.02-1.35), respectively, was observed in CCRCC vs. normal kidney tissues. FTO and
METTL3 mRNA showed opposite expressions of CD8+ T cell migration-related chemokines.

Conclusion:
Dysregulated FTO and METTL3 may be involved in the disease development and progression,
affecting immune response in CCRCC. FTO and METTL3 expression and DNA methylation
are potential prognostic markers of CCRCC.
Comparing Adversary Defense Mechanisms in Cognitive Radio Networks
Authors: Kiwan Doaa , Fonseka John P. , Hassan Rana A. 
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND:
In a cognitive radio network, the cognitive transmitter senses the medium to detect spectrum
opportunities and transmits its own data if the channel is sensed to be idle. A jammer can also sense the medium and identify the slots
of successful transmission. The jammer’s main objective is to reduce the throughput of the cognitive transmitter.

METHODS:
Towards this objective, the jammer builds a deep learning classifier in which the most recent sensing results of
acknowledgments (ACKs) sent by the receiver are used to predict the slots of successful transmissions of the cognitive transmitter.
This allows the attacker to reliably predict the successful transmissions and can effectively jam these transmissions. The deep learning
classification soft decision probabilities are used by the jammer for power control subject to a certain power budget. A receiver-based
defense mechanism is developed against the jamming attacks. The receiver purposely takes some wrong actions, i.e., sends ACK
when transmission is not successful and vice versa, to poison the training process of the attacker.

Results:
We show that our receiver’s defense mechanism effectively enhances the throughput of the cognitive transmitter when
compared to the transmitter’s defense mechanism, where the transmitter takes some wrong decisions when it accesses the
medium.

CONCLUSION:
A novel defense mechanism against jamming attacks in cognitive radio networks is introduced.
The Forecasting Method of Central Air Conditioning Load: A Brief
Review
Authors: Zhu Qixin , Zhuang Mengxiang 
Published: February 2021

Objective:
In order to better understand the research results of AC load prediction and carry out new research, the Air Conditioning (AC) load forecasting method plays an important role in the energy consumption of AC.

Method:
This paper summarizes the methods of building AC load prediction, mainly from the impact factors of AC operating load and the methods of AC system operating load forecasting to introduce the current status of load prediction. This paper describes some studies on load influencing factors, compares the advantages and disadvantages of modeling methods for AC operation load prediction and points out the research direction of AC load forecasting.

Results:
The current research methods are summarized and analyzed. Traditional forecasting methods are no longer applicable to air conditioning systems. From the current research, combinatorial prediction has become a hot research object. This method combines two or more methods to reduce the prediction error and shorten the prediction time.

Conclusion:
This paper points out some shortcomings of the present research and the future research suggestions are given in the three aspects of sharing AC operation data, selecting the key factors of AC, and exploring the new methods.
A Clinical Journey Mobile Health App for Perioperative Patients: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Willems Stijn J , Coppieters Michel W , Pronk Yvette , Diks Miranda J F , van der Heijden Klaas W A P , Rooker Servan , Scholten-Peeters Gwendolyne G M 
Published: February 2021

Background
Mobile eHealth apps are important tools in personal health care management. The Patient Journey app was developed to inform patients with musculoskeletal disorders during their perioperative period. The app contains timely information, video exercises, and functional tasks. Although the Patient Journey app and other health apps are widely used, little research is available on how patients appreciate these apps.

Objective
The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the user-friendliness of the Patient Journey app in terms of its usability and the attitudes of users toward the app. The secondary aim was to evaluate positive and negative user experiences.

Methods
A web-based questionnaire was sent to 2114 patients scheduled for surgery for a musculoskeletal disorder. Primary outcomes were usability (measured with the System Usability Scale) and user attitudes regarding the Patient Journey app (assessed with the second part of the eHealth Impact Questionnaire). The secondary outcomes were evaluated with multiple choice questions and open-ended questions, which were analyzed via inductive thematic content analyses.

Results
Of the 940 patients who responded, 526 used the Patient Journey app. The usability of the app was high (System Usability Scale: median 85.0, IQR 72.5-92.5), and users had a positive attitude toward the Information and Presentation provided via the app (eHealth Impact Questionnaire: median 78.0, IQR 68.8-84.4). The app did not adequately improve the users’ confidence in discussing health with others (eHealth Impact Questionnaire: median 63.9, IQR 50.0-75.0) or motivation to manage health (eHealth Impact Questionnaire: median 61.1, IQR 55.6-72.2). Three core themes emerged regarding positive and negative user experiences: (1) content and information, (2) expectations and experiences, and (3) technical performance. Users experienced timely information and instructions positively and found that the app prepared and guided them optimally through the perioperative period. Negative user experiences were overly optimistic information, scarcely presented information about pain (medication), lack of reference data, insufficient information regarding clinical course deviations and complications, and lack of interaction with clinicians.

Conclusions
The Patient Journey app is a usable, informative, and presentable tool to inform patients with musculoskeletal disorders during their perioperative period. The qualitative analyses identified aspects that can further improve the user experiences of the app.
The Effect of Innovation Capabilities of Health Care Organizations on the Quality of Health Information Technology: Model Development With Cross-sectional Data
Authors: Esdar Moritz , Hübner Ursula , Thye Johannes , Babitsch Birgit , Liebe Jan-David 
Published: February 2021

Background
Large health organizations often struggle to build complex health information technology (HIT) solutions and are faced with ever-growing pressure to continuously innovate their information systems. Limited research has been conducted that explores the relationship between organizations’ innovative capabilities and HIT quality in the sense of achieving high-quality support for patient care processes.

Objective
The aim of this study is to explain how core constructs of organizational innovation capabilities are linked to HIT quality based on a conceptual sociotechnical model on innovation and quality of HIT, called the IQHIT model, to help determine how better information provision in health organizations can be achieved.

Methods
We designed a survey to assess various domains of HIT quality, innovation capabilities of health organizations, and context variables and administered it to hospital chief information officers across Austria, Germany, and Switzerland. Data from 232 hospitals were used to empirically fit the model using partial least squares structural equation modeling to reveal associations and mediating and moderating effects.

Results
The resulting empirical IQHIT model reveals several associations between the analyzed constructs, which can be summarized in 2 main insights. First, it illustrates the linkage between the constructs measuring HIT quality by showing that the professionalism of information management explains the degree of HIT workflow support (R²=0.56), which in turn explains the perceived HIT quality (R²=0.53). Second, the model shows that HIT quality was positively influenced by innovation capabilities related to the top management team, the information technology department, and the organization at large. The assessment of the model’s statistical quality criteria indicated valid model specifications, including sufficient convergent and discriminant validity for measuring the latent constructs that underlie the measures of HIT quality and innovation capabilities.

Conclusions
The proposed sociotechnical IQHIT model points to the key role of professional information management for HIT workflow support in patient care and perceived HIT quality from the viewpoint of hospital chief information officers. Furthermore, it highlights that organizational innovation capabilities, particularly with respect to the top management team, facilitate HIT quality and suggests that health organizations establish this link by applying professional information management practices. The model may serve to stimulate further scientific work in the field of HIT adoption and diffusion and to provide practical guidance to managers, policy makers, and educators on how to achieve better patient care using HIT.
IN SILICO ANALYSIS OF BRUGUIERA GYMNORRHIZA (L.) – LARGE LEAVED MANGROVE FOR EFFICIENT THERAPEUTIC USES
Authors: A ARUNPRASATH , S SREERAM 
Published: February 2021

Objective: The study was focused on obtaining the therapeutic advantages of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, a large leafed mangrove through in silico studies.
Methods: The collected leaf sample was extracted using ethanol, and the extract was subjected to GCMS analysis to find out the compounds present in them. The obtained compounds underwent absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination toxicity test and the chemical structures were obtained from PUBCHEM and the disease which had more susceptibility was taken on the basis of antimicrobial studies and its protein structure was also obtained from Protein Data Bank. Maestro is a freely available, full future molecular visualization tool. It is a powerful tool for interpreting, managing, and sharing the results of computational experiments when coupled with Schrodinger software such as Glide, Prime, or Phase. The compatibility of ligand-protein interaction was visualized through the visualization software that is Pymol.
Results: The retrieved compounds were subjected to analyze the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion properties and the results were tabulated. It was found that the compound 2-Methoxy-4-Vinylphenol; 7786-61-0; 4-Vinylguaiaco from the plant sample B. gymnorrhiza shows a glide score (G. score) −7.2 Kcal/mol. The interactions were observed using Pymol.
Conclusion: It was found that the compound 4-Vinylguaiaco from the plant sample B. gymnorrhiza can be used as potent drug for the treatment of pharyngitis, which is the inflammation of pharynx. This work can be taken as a base for the works that need to be done in future for the development of an effective drug and also addressing the importance of mangroves in the field of ethnobotany.
ANALYTICAL QUALITY BY DESIGN APPROACH IN RP-HPLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR THE ESTIMATION OF DUVELISIB
Authors: CH SRUJANI , P ANNAPURNA , KS NATARAJ , MANJARI PAWAR A KRISHNA 
Published: February 2021

Objective: A simple, accurate, and robust RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the estimation of Duvelisib using analytical quality by design approach.
Methods: The critical method parameters (CMP) were systematically optimized using box-Behnken design (BBD). The CMP’s selected were % organic phase composition, column temperature, and flow rate. The critical quality attributes investigated were retention time and theoretical plates.
Results: Chromatographic separation was accomplished on Agilent Zorbax Eclipse C18 (150×4.6 mm, 5 μm) column. The optimized and predicted data from Design Expert software consist of mobile phase 0.1 % orthophosphoric acid (46.3%): Acetonitrile (53.7%), pumped at a flow rate of 0.91 ml/min at 32.6°C gave the highest desirability function of 1. The retention time of the drug was found to be 2.85 min. The developed method was validated as per the ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines.
Conclusion: Based on the analysis of variance values, the selected models were found to be significant with p<0.05. The results of the validation parameters were within the acceptable limit. The stability of the drug was examined under different stress conditions forcibly and significant degradation was found in acidic condition.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF JAMS, ARTINASAL, AND INDUSTRIAL PRODUCED FROM THE PRICKLY PEAR FRUIT OF OPUNTIA FICUS-INDICA L.
Authors: YAMINA BOUDAOUD , DALILA ABDESSEMED 
Published: February 2021

Objective: This research work is aimed at production and evaluation of the physical-chemical, and sensory qualities of jam produced from the prickly pear fruit from two varieties: Timgad region (Batna, semi-dry area), Elkseur (Bejaia, temperate zone), and an industrial: Roumais jam (Elkseur).
Methods: The soluble solids content is determined by measuring the Brix at 20°C using a digital refractometer. Ash was determined by combustion of the sample in a muffle furnace at 550°C for 5 h. The total soluble sugar content was examined using phenol-sulfuric acid colorimetric method using a spectrophotometer (UV–VIS, Shimadzu). The total nitrogen content was determined by the micro-Kjeldahl method and total protein content was calculated using a 6.25 factor. Pectin content was determined by method of Golou and Bev. Reducing sugars were determined by the Fehling’s test. The crude fiber content was determined using the traditional Van Soest method. Lipid content was determined using a Soxhlet apparatus HT 1034 according to the procedure described by Huang. Sensory evaluation was carried out by 10 panelists using a 9-point Hedonic scale.
Results: The physical and chemical analysis results give a very moderate total sugars (53.7; 46.4; and 23.2%), pectin (17.1; 16.0; and 12.0%), acidity (1.84; 1.45; and 2.9 g/100 g), °Brix (60; 62.3; and 27%), humidity (30.4; 32.4; and 71.8%), and fiber (13.3; 22.6; and 22.9%). The sensory results give for color (8.10; 6.62; and 7.22), for taste (7.89; 5.81; and 7.44), for odor (8.20; 6.64; and 7.98), and for texture (7.50; 8.30; and 5.23).
Conclusion: It would be good to extend the field of study to a mixture of prickly pear to others fruit to develop other quality products (jam, jelly, syrup, and candy) in the innovation framework.