bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between polymorphisms rs2228001 and rs2228000 in XPC and genetic susceptibility to preeclampsia: a case control study
Authors: Wang Jingli , Guan Chengcheng , Sui Jing , Zang Yucui , Wu Yuwen , Zhang Ru , Qi Xiaoying , Piao Shunfu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C (XPC) is a DNA damage recognition protein that plays an important role in nucleotide excision repair and can reduce oxidative stress, which may be involved in the development of preeclampsia (PE). Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore whether XPC polymorphisms were relevant to the genetic susceptibility to PE in Chinese Han women.

Method
A total of 1276 healthy pregnant women were included as the control group and 958 pregnant women with PE as the case group. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples to perform genotyping of loci rs2228001 and rs2228000 in XPC through real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The relationship between XPC and susceptibility to PE was evaluated by comparing the genotypic and allelic frequencies between the two groups of pregnant women.

Results
Polymorphism of rs2228000 may be associated with PE risk and allele T may play a protective role (genotype, χ2 = 38.961, P < 0.001 and allele χ2 = 21.746 P < 0.001, odds ratio (OR) = 0.885, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.840-0.932). No significant difference was found between the two groups in rs2228001,(genotype χ2 = 3.148, P = 0.207 and allele χ2 = 0.59, P = 0.442, OR = 1.017, 95% CI = 0.974–1.062). When the frequencies of genotypes and alleles for early- and late-onset PE, mild PE and severe PE were compared with those of controls, the results were consistent with the large clinical sample.

Conclusion
Our data suggest that the genetic variant rs2228000 in XPC may be associated with PE risk in Chinese Han women, and that pregnant women with the TT genotype have a reduced risk of PE. Further investigations are needed to confirm these findings in other regions or larger prospective populations.
Os acromiale may be a contraindication of the clavicle hook plate: case reports and literature review
Authors: Sun Qi , Cai Ming , Wu Xiaoming 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Os acromiale can be potentially missed or misdiagnosed as acromion fracture, and this can affect treatment determination if it is complicated with an ipsilateral shoulder injury. The clavicle hook plate is a widely used technique for distal clavicle injuries, leading to transacromial erosion, particularly when in the presence of os acromiale.

Case presentation
A 70-year-old man and a 78-year-old man who had limited mobility and severe pain in their right shoulders following falls attended the emergency center. Both patients were diagnosed with os acromiale with CT or MRI and acute distal clavicle fracture or acromioclavicular joint dislocation. Following a comprehensive evaluation, os acromiale may limit the application of a clavicle hook plate due to potential transacromial erosion. The distal clavicle fracture with ipsilateral os acromiale received treatment with a volar radius locking T plate, and the acromioclavicular joint dislocation with ipsilateral os acromiale was reconstructed using suture anchors. Both yielded satisfactory outcomes and voided transacromial erosion.

Conclusions
Ipsilateral os acromiale may be a relative contraindication to the clavicle hook plate. An axillary lateral radiograph is recommended to detect potential os acromiale in patients using a hook plate.
A diagnostic tool for people with lumbar instability: a criterion-related validity study
Authors: Chatprem Thiwaphon , Puntumetakul Rungthip , Kanpittaya Jaturat , Selfe James , Yeowell Gillian 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Several clinical tests used to identify patients with lumbar instability have reported diagnostic accuracy in separate studies with conflicting results. To augment the diagnostic process, tests that are better able to identify lumbar instability suitable for use in the clinical setting are required. The aim of this study was to identify the probability to diagnose patients with lumbar instability, using x-ray imaging as the reference standard.

Methods
This study was a cross-sectional, diagnostic validity study. One hundred forty participants with chronic low back pain underwent an x-ray assessment and 14 clinical examinations. Data were analysed using multivariate regression methods to determine which clinical tests were most diagnostic for lumbar instability when they were applied together.

Results
Eighteen (12.85%) participants had radiological lumbar instability. Three clinical tests i) interspinous gap change during flexion-extension, ii) passive accessory intervertebral movement tests, iii) posterior shear test demonstrated an ability to diagnose lumbar instability of 67% when they were all positive. At this probability threshold, sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (+LR), and negative likelihood ratio (−LR) were 5.56, 99.18%, 6.78, and 0.95.

Conclusions
These 3 clinical tests could be useful in identifying patients with lumbar instability in the general community. These three tests are simple to perform by physical therapists, reliable to use in a clinical setting, and safe for patients. We recommend physical therapists use these three tests to assess patients who are suspected of having lumbar instability, in the absence of an x-ray assessment, to receive appropriate targeted intervention or referral for further investigation.

Trial registration
Thai Clinial Trial Registry (TCTR 20180820001; 19th August 2018).
An attempt to explain the neurological symptoms of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Authors: Wirth Klaus J. , Scheibenbogen Carmen , Paul Friedemann 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThere is accumulating evidence of endothelial dysfunction, muscle and cerebral hypoperfusion in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS). In this paper we deduce the pathomechanisms resulting in central nervous pathology and the myriad of neurocognitive symptoms. We outline tentative mechanisms of impaired cerebral blood flow, increase in intracranial pressure and central adrenergic hyperactivity and how they can well explain the key symptoms of cognitive impairment, brain fog, headache, hypersensitivity, sleep disturbances and dysautonomia.
Nanoparticles of conformation-stabilized canine distemper virus hemagglutinin are highly immunogenic and induce robust immunity
Authors: Dong Jingjian , Chen Yan , Shi Lili , Shen Bing , Sun Xianliang , Ruan Kaiyi , Xia Xianzhu , Feng Hao , Feng Na 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Canine distemper virus (CDV) infection of ferrets, dogs, and giant pandas causes an acute systemic disease involving multiple organ systems, including the respiratory tract, lymphoid system, and central nervous system. In this study, we tested a new candidate CDV vaccine-CDV nanoparticles-based on hemagglutinin protein.

Methods
The nanoparticles were generated from conformation-stabilized CDV hemagglutinin tetramers. Immune responses against CDV were evaluated in mice. Immunization was initiated 6 weeks after birth and boosted two times with 4-week intervals. The blood and mucosal samples were collected 2 weeks after each immunization.

Results
Vaccination with CDV nanoparticles elicited high levels of IgG antibody titers in mice (approximately sevenfold to eightfold higher than that obtained with soluble CDV H protein) and mucosal immune responses and developed increased CDV-specific neutralizing antibody. The mice that received nanoparticles showed significantly higher IFN-γ- and IL-4-secreting cell population in the spleen and lymph node compared with mice immunized with soluble H protein. The co-stimulatory molecular expression of CD80 and CD86 on the surface of DCs was also upregulated.

Conclusion
The results demonstrate that self-assembly into nanoparticles can increase the immunogenicity of vaccine antigens, and nanoparticles assembled from conformation-stabilized CDV H protein can serve as a new CDV vaccine.
Efficacy of intra-articular ketorolac for pain control in arthroscopic surgeries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Jingjing , Ni Bin , Fu Xiaoyan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
The current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize evidence on the efficacy of intra-articular ketorolac for patients undergoing arthroscopic surgeries.

Methods
PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases were searched for randomized controlled trials assessing the analgesic effect of intra-articular ketorolac for arthroscopic surgery of hip/knee or shoulder joint.

Results
Six studies were included. Two studies were on shoulder arthroscopy, while others were on knee joint. Meta-analysis revealed that patients receiving intra-articular ketorolac had significantly lower pain scores at 2–4 h (MD: − 0.58 95% CI: − 0.88, − 0.19 I2 = 49% p = 0.002), 6–8 h (MD: − 0.77 95% CI: − 1.11, − 0.44 I2 = 31% p < 0.00001), 12 h (MD: − 0.94 95% CI: − 1.21, − 0.67 I2 = 0% p < 0.00001), and 24 h (MD: − 1.28 95% CI: − 1.85, − 0.71 I2 = 84% p < 0.00001) as compared to the control group (Certainty of evidence: low-moderate). Analysis of three studies revealed a tendency of reduced analgesic consumption in patients receiving intra-articular ketorolac, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (MD: − 0.53 95% CI: − 1.07, 0.02 I2 = 55% p = 0.06).

Conclusions
Preliminary evidence from a limited number of studies indicates that additional intra-articular ketorolac to multimodal analgesia results in reduced pain scores up to 24 h after arthroscopic surgery. The clinical relevance of small changes in pain scores is debatable. Also, scarce data suggest that consumption of analgesics may not be reduced with intra-articular ketorolac. Since pain scores can be influenced by the primary diagnosis and dose of ketorolac, the results should be interpreted with caution. The certainty of the evidence is low-moderate. There is a need for future RCTs to further strengthen current evidence.
Optic pathway glioma and the sex association in neurofibromatosis type 1: a single-center study
Authors: Henning Anne Munk , Handrup Mette Møller , Kjeldsen Sia Mariann , Larsen Dorte Ancher , Ejerskov Cecilie 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Low-grade optic pathway glioma (OPG) develops in 15–20% of children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). OPGs are symptomatic in 30–50% and one-third of these require treatment. A few studies have suggested female sex as a risk factor for visual impairment associated with NF1-OPG. This descriptive study investigated the correlation between NF1-OPG growth, sex and visual impairment.

Method
We based our cross-sectional study on a systematic, retrospective data collection in a NF1 cohort of children and adolescents below 21 years of age followed at Center for Rare Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark. For each patient with OPG a medical chart review was performed including demographics, ophthalmological examinations and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of OPG.

Results
Of 176 patients with NF1 (85 females, 91 males), we identified 21 patients with OPG (11.9%) with a preponderance of females, p = 0.184. Eight females (62%) and one male (13%) had visual impairment at the last ophthalmological evaluation. Five out of 21 children with OPG (24%) underwent diagnostic MRI because of clinical findings at the ophthalmological screening. Nine children (43%) had symptoms suggestive of OPG and seven (33%) experienced no OPG-related symptoms before the diagnostic MRI. Of eight children diagnosed with OPG ≤ two years of age, one had visual impairment. Of 13 children diagnosed > two years of age, eight had visual impairment; in each group, four of the children were treated with chemotherapy. The study suggested no correlation between NF1-OPG growth and sex.

Conclusion
Our data suggest sex as a risk factor for visual impairment, while an OPG diagnose ≤ two years of age was a protective factor for visual impairment. Females with NF1-OPG had a higher prevalence of visual impairment outcome compared to males. Interestingly, our data also suggest a better response to treatment in children with OPG diagnosed ≤ two years of age compared to older children. The findings in our study suggest sex as a potential prognostic factor for visual impairment.
Phased repatriation of Lebanese expatriates stranded abroad during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic
Authors: Youssef Dalal , Berry Atika , Ghosn Nada , Zalzali Mahmoud , Fadlallah Riad , Abou-Abbas Linda , Hassan Hamad 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic represents a serious worldwide threat. Stranded Lebanese citizens abroad appealed to the Lebanese government to embark on citizen repatriation missions. We aim to document the Lebanese experience in the repatriation of citizens during COVID-19 which allow us to disclose encountered challenges and lessons learned.

Methods
This is a retrospective description of processes involved in the phased repatriation of Lebanese citizens. The Mission consisted of 4 phases starting, April 5th until June 19th 2020. The prioritization of returnees was based on both medical and social risk assessment. The repatriation team was divided into four groups: the aircraft team, the airport team, the hotel team and the follow up team. On arrival, all returning citizens were tested using Polymerase chain Reaction (PCR) based technique, and were obliged to adhere to a mandatory facility quarantine for 24 to 48 h. Returning travelers who were tested positive for COVID-19 were transferred to the hospital. Those who were tested negative were urged to strictly comply with home-quarantine for a duration of 14 days. They were followed up on a daily basis by the repatriation team.

Results
Overall, 25,783 Lebanese citizens have returned home during the phased repatriation. The third phase ranked the uppermost in regard of the number of citizens repatriated. The total number of performed PCR tests at the airport upon arrival was 14,893 with an average percentage of around 1% positivity for COVID-19. On the other hand, more than 10,687 repatriates underwent external PCR requisite in the third and fourth phases. Two hundred seventy-two repatriates were tested positive for COVID-19 upon their arrival.

Conclusion
Considering the limited human and financial resources besides the economic and political crisis, the overall repatriation mission could be considered as a successful experience. Such processes would not have been achieved without the professionalism of all involved stakeholders.
Postoperative mediastinitis after cardiac surgery caused by Mycoplasma hominis: a case report
Authors: Kitagawa Hiroki , Shimizu Haruna , Katayama Keijiro , Tadera Kayoko , Nomura Toshihito , Omori Kietaro , Shigemoto Norifumi , Takasaki Taiichi , Ohge Hiroki , Takahashi Shinya 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Mycoplasma hominis is a human commensal bacterium of the urogenital tract, and extragenital infection caused by M. hominis has rarely been reported. The identification of M. hominis is challenging, and surgeons are generally not aware that this bacteria can cause postoperative infection. Here, we report a rare case of postoperative mediastinitis caused by M. hominis after cardiac surgery in an immunocompetent patient.

Case presentation
A 54-year-old man presented with pain and purulent discharge from the wound after aortic valve replacement and patent foramen ovale closure. However, Gram staining and culture of bacteria from the purulent discharge was negative, and empiric sulbactam/ampicillin therapy was not effective. This patient developed mediastinitis and rupture of a pseudoaneurysm of the ascending aorta caused by mediastinitis, and re-operation was performed. Then, postoperative mediastinitis caused by M. hominis or Ureaplasma species was suspected and bacterial cultures targeting these pathogens were performed. M. hominis was identified from abscess and tissue obtained from the surgical site and urine. A final diagnosis of postoperative mediastinitis caused by M. hominis was determined. The patient was initially treated with levofloxacin and then with minocycline for 3 weeks. The patient’s clinical condition improved; the patient was transferred to another hospital.

Conclusion
The role of M. hominis as a cause of postoperative infection might be underestimated in cardiac surgery. M. hominis should be considered when culture-negative purulent discharge is observed or there is no response to standard empiric treatment of postoperative infections.
A comparative analysis of changes in anti-immigrant and anti-Muslim attitudes in Europe: 1990–2017
Authors: Bell David Andreas , Valenta Marko , Strabac Zan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMuslims and immigrants have both been subjected to negative attitudes over the past several decades in Europe. Using data from the European Values Study, this study analyses the changes in these attitudes in the period 1990–2017. We find that negative attitudes have been increasing on average in Europe as a whole, with anti-Muslim attitudes being more prevalent than anti-immigrant attitudes. However, when split into a Western European set and an Eastern European set, from 2008, there is a divergence between the two halves. Our findings reveal that negative attitudes towards Muslims and immigrants have decreased in Western Europe, whereas they have increased significantly in Eastern Europe. Further analyses find that there are large discrepancies between anti-Muslim and anti-immigrant attitudes in different countries. These discrepancies are discussed in detail and related to several relevant factors, such as the differences in size of the Muslim and immigrant populations, variations in the refugee influx and other possible factors and developments.
Changes in nocturnal insect communities in forest-dominated landscape relevant to artificial light intensity
Authors: Hakbong Lee , Yong-Chan Cho , Sang-Woo Jung , Yoon-Ho Kim , Seung-Gyu Lee 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Artificial light at night has recently been identified as a major factor adversely affecting global insect diversity. Here, we compared the insect diversity in Gwangneung Forest Biosphere Reserve, specifically in the Korea National Arboretum (with no artificial light at night), with that of three nearby urban sites with a gradient of artificial light at night (five locations at each site). We analyzed the effects of the artificial night lighting index, mean annual temperature, and field light intensity (lux) at night on the insect community structure.

Results
The urban sites generally exhibited higher species richness and abundance as well as clear indicator species compared with the control site. The size distribution of the collected insects markedly differed between the control and the three urban sites. The abundance of herbivorous and omnivorous insects increased and decreased, respectively, with the increase in light intensity. Species richness of herbivorous and omnivorous insects was likely correlated with the field light intensity at night and artificial night lighting index, respectively.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates the association between nighttime environment and marked changes in insect community structure and revealed consequent transition of ecosystem services by changes in trophic group composition.
A case of tuberculosis of the rare azygos lobe of the right lung
Authors: Awal Sandeep Singh , Biswas Som Subhro , Goyal Hitesh , Awal Sampreet Kaur 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
The azygos lobe is a rare anatomical variant seen in the upper lobe of right lung. It occurs during embryological development due to the failure of posterior cardinal vein to migrate supero-medially. It is often an incidental finding on imaging and is asymptomatic in majority of cases. Tuberculosis involving the azygos lobe is extremely rare. Only a few cases of tuberculosis involving the azygos lobe have been reported in literature.

Case presentation
We present a rare case report of tuberculosis infection involving the azygos lobe in a 57-year-old male with history of chronic cough, fever, hemoptysis, and weight loss.

Conclusions
The azygos lobe is usually asymptomatic, but it may be misdiagnosed as bulla, lung cyst, or abscess. In rare cases it may be associated with certain pathology such as tuberculosis, other infections, and lung cancer. Hence, it is pertinent for a radiologist to be aware of this variant when reporting chest imaging cases.
Roles of host mitochondria in the development of COVID-19 pathology: Could mitochondria be a potential therapeutic target?
Authors: Srinivasan Kavya , Pandey Ashutosh Kumar , Livingston Ashlena , Venkatesh Sundararajan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe recent emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome-Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in late 2019 and its spread worldwide caused an acute pandemic of Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). Since then, COVID-19 has been under intense scrutiny as its outbreak led to significant changes in healthcare, social activities, and economic settings worldwide. Although angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor is shown to be the primary port of SARS-CoV-2 entry in cells, the mechanisms behind the establishment and pathologies of COVID-19 are poorly understood. As recent studies have shown that host mitochondria play an essential role in virus-mediated innate immune response, pathologies, and infection, in this review, we will discuss in detail the entry and progression of SARS-CoV-2 and how mitochondria could play roles in COVID-19 disease. We will also review the potential interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and mitochondria and discuss possible treatments, including whether mitochondria as a potential therapeutic target in COVID-19. Understanding SARS-CoV-2 and mitochondrial interactions mediated virus establishment, inflammation, and other consequences may provide a unique mechanism and conceptual advancement in finding a novel treatment for COVID-19.
Brain metastases: the role of clinical imaging
Authors: Derks Sophie H. A. E. , van der Veldt Astrid A. M. , Smits Marion 
Published: November 2021

Imaging of brain metastases (BMs) has advanced greatly over the past decade. In this review, we discuss the main challenges that BMs pose in clinical practice and describe the role of imaging.Firstly, we describe the increased incidence of BMs of different primary tumours and the rationale for screening. A challenge lies in selecting the right patients for screening: not all cancer patients develop BMs in their disease course.Secondly, we discuss the imaging techniques to detect BMs. A three-dimensional (3D) T1W MRI sequence is the golden standard for BM detection, but additional anatomical (susceptibility weighted imaging, diffusion weighted imaging), functional (perfusion MRI) and metabolic (MR spectroscopy, positron emission tomography) information can help to differentiate BMs from other intracranial aetiologies.Thirdly, we describe the role of imaging before, during and after treatment of BMs. For surgical resection, imaging is used to select surgical patients, but also to assist intraoperatively (neuronavigation, fluorescence-guided surgery, ultrasound). For treatment planning of stereotactic radiosurgery, MRI is combined with CT. For surveillance after both local and systemic therapies, conventional MRI is used. However, advanced imaging is increasingly performed to distinguish true tumour progression from pseudoprogression.FInally, future perspectives are discussed, including radiomics, new biomarkers, new endogenous contrast agents and theranostics.