bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Existence of solutions for a class of nonlinear boundary value problems on the hexasilinane graph
Authors: Turab Ali , Mitrović Zoran D. , Savić Ana 
Published: November 2021

AbstractChemical graph theory is a field of mathematics that studies ramifications of chemical network interactions. Using the concept of star graphs, several investigators have looked into the solutions to certain boundary value problems. Their choice to utilize star graphs was based on including a common point connected to other nodes. Our aim is to expand the range of the method by incorporating the graph of hexasilinane compound, which has a chemical formula $\mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{Si}_{6}$

H
12

Si
6

. In this paper, we examine the existence of solutions to fractional boundary value problems on such graphs, where the fractional derivative is in the Caputo sense. Finally, we include an example to support our significant findings.
The rights (and responsibilities) of the public to advance health through research
Authors: Jotterand Fabrice , Spellecy Ryan , Shaker Reza 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this commentary we assert that the rights and responsibilities of the community at large as an important key stakeholder in the effort of advancing health through research and discovery have not been carefully examined and delineated. The time has come to investigate the nature of the rights and responsibilities of the public in advancing health through research and discovery. We argue that the public has the right not merely to participate in research and have their rights protected, but that they have a right to engage in and take ownership in research.
Electric vehicle charging and end-user motivation for flexibility: a case study from Norway
Authors: Henriksen Ida Marie , Throndsen William , Ryghaug Marianne , Skjølsvold Tomas Moe 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundNorway is currently in the process of replacing internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles with electric vehicles (EVs). A steadily increasing number of EVs being charged in the evening when the demand peaks are already high has added to the strain on local electricity grids. Smart charging is proposed as a solution to peak-load challenges of this kind, as it can delay charging until evenings and nights when demand peaks are generally low. However, current knowledge of the preferences and motivations of EV owners regarding the installation and use of smart chargers is lacking. Accordingly, the study aims to contribute an improved understanding in this respect.MethodsThe authors conducted a qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews, in which they gained information on householder’s experiences following their participation in a pilot project to test smart charging of EVs. The interviews explored the interviewees’ motivation for participating in the project, their experiences of using and charging EVs, and their thoughts on flexibility in the timing of EV charging. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim, after which a domestication theory approach was employed to perform an in-depth analysis of the interview data.ResultsThe analysis of the interviews revealed that the study participants had four motivations for participating in the smart charging demonstration project and engaging in the further use of smart charging: (1) the fire-safety aspect and speed of charging devices for EVs was better than charging from a socket; (2) they derived a broader interest in and more joy from using smart home technology; (3) attractive practical and economic benefits; and (4) the flexibility offered by smart charging had the potential to have a positive impact on physical comfort.ConclusionsThe study revealed key domestication processes unfolding in the Norwegian energy transition with the increasing numbers of EVs and the corresponding grid peaks. The findings clearly indicate that users’ motivations go much further than simple economic rationalization, which should be of interest to policymakers, smart home developers, and all others that work with end-user flexibility in the grid.
Vascular pythiosis caused by Pythium aphanidermatum: the first case report in Asia
Authors: Thongsuk Pannaporn , Plongla Rongpong , Thammahong Arsa , Tiewsurin Jaruwan , Worasilchai Navaporn , Chindamporn Ariya , Suankratay Chusana 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundPythium, soil-borne plant pathogens, are in the class Oomycetes. They are not true fungi, but are related to diatom and algae. There are two human pathogens includingP. insidiosumandP. aphanidermatum. To date, only one case of pythiosis caused byP. aphanidermatumhas been reported. We present herein the first case ofP. aphanidermatumvascular pythiosis in Asia.Case presentationA 47-year-old Thai woman, living in North Thailand, with ß thalassemia/hemoglobin E presented with acute recurrent arterial insufficiency of both legs. Emergent embolectomy with clot removal was performed. The pathology of the clot exhibited noncaseous granulomatous inflammation with many fungal hyphal elements. PCR identifiedP. aphanidermatumwith 100% identity. Final diagnosis is vascular pythiosis. Unfortunately, the patient eventually expired after treatment with itraconazole, terbinafine, azithromycin, and doxycycline.ConclusionsTo date, only one case of pythiosis caused byP. aphanidermatumhas been reported. We present herein the first case ofP. aphanidermatumvascular pythiosis in Asia.
In vitro growth inhibitory activity of Medicines for Malaria Venture pathogen box compounds against Leishmania aethiopica
Authors: Tadele Markos , Abay Solomon M. , Asaga Peter , Makonnen Eyasu , Hailu Asrat 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Leishmania aethiopica (L. aethiopica) is responsible for different forms of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Ethiopia. Treatment heavily depends on limited drugs, together with drawbacks like toxicity and microbial resistance. The current research aimed to investigate in vitro growth inhibitory activity of Medicines for Malaria Ventures - Pathogen Box (MMV - PB) compounds against L. aethiopica clinical isolate.

Methodology
Four hundred MMV – PB compounds were screened against L. aethiopica using resazurin based colourimetric assay. Compounds with > 70% inhibition were further tested using macrophage based intracellular amastigote assay. Cytotoxic and hemolytic activity of candidate hits were assessed on THP1- cells and sheep red blood cells (RBCs), respectively. In vitro drug interaction study was also conducted for the most potent hit using the combination index method.

Results
At the test concentration of 1 μM, twenty-three compounds showed > 50% inhibition of promastigotes parasite growth, of which 11 compounds showed > 70% inhibition. The 50% growth inhibition (IC50) of the 11 compounds was ranged from 0.024 to 0.483 μM in anti-promastigote assay and from 0.064 to 0.899 μM in intracellular amastigote assay. Candidate compounds demonstrated good safety on sheep RBCs and THP-1 cell lines. MMV688415 demonstrated a slight hemolytic activity on sheep RBC (5.3% at 25 μM) and THP-1 cell line (CC20 = 25 μM) while MMV690102 inhibited half of THP-1 cells at 36.5 μM (selectivity index = 478). No synergistic activity was observed from the combinations of MMV690102 and amphotericin B (CI > 1), and MMV690102 and Pentamidine (CI > 1) at lower and higher combination points.

Conclusion
The present study identified a panel of compounds that can be used as a novel starting point for lead optimization. MMV690102 appears to be the most potent inhibitor against L. aethiopica promastigotes and amastigotes. Future works should investigate the antileishmanial mechanism of action and in vivo antileishmanial activities of identified hits.
A billion-dollar donation: estimating the cost of researchers’ time spent on peer review
Authors: Aczel Balazs , Szaszi Barnabas , Holcombe Alex O. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
The amount and value of researchers’ peer review work is critical for academia and journal publishing. However, this labor is under-recognized, its magnitude is unknown, and alternative ways of organizing peer review labor are rarely considered.

Methods
Using publicly available data, we provide an estimate of researchers’ time and the salary-based contribution to the journal peer review system.

Results
We found that the total time reviewers globally worked on peer reviews was over 100 million hours in 2020, equivalent to over 15 thousand years. The estimated monetary value of the time US-based reviewers spent on reviews was over 1.5 billion USD in 2020. For China-based reviewers, the estimate is over 600 million USD, and for UK-based, close to 400 million USD.

Conclusions
By design, our results are very likely to be under-estimates as they reflect only a portion of the total number of journals worldwide. The numbers highlight the enormous amount of work and time that researchers provide to the publication system, and the importance of considering alternative ways of structuring, and paying for, peer review. We foster this process by discussing some alternative models that aim to boost the benefits of peer review, thus improving its cost-benefit ratio.
Cyclotron production and radiochemical purification of terbium-155 for SPECT imaging
Authors: Favaretto C. , Talip Z. , Borgna F. , Grundler P. V. , Dellepiane G. , Sommerhalder A. , Zhang H. , Schibli R. , Braccini S. , Müller C. , van der Meulen N. P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundTerbium-155 [T1/2 = 5.32 d, Eγ = 87 keV (32%) 105 keV (25%)] is an interesting radionuclide suitable for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging with potential application in the diagnosis of oncological disease. It shows similar decay characteristics to the clinically established indium-111 and would be a useful substitute for the diagnosis and prospective dosimetry with biomolecules that are afterwards labeled with therapeutic radiolanthanides and pseudo-radiolanthanides, such as lutetium-177 and yttrium-90. Moreover, terbium-155 could form part of the perfect “matched pair” with the therapeutic radionuclide terbium-161, making the concept of true radiotheragnostics a reality. The aim of this study was the investigation of the production of terbium-155 via the155Gd(p,n)155Tb and156Gd(p,2n)155Tb nuclear reactions and its subsequent purification, in order to obtain a final product in quantity and quality sufficient for preclinical application. The156Gd(p,2n)155Tb nuclear reaction was performed with 72 MeV protons (degraded to ~ 23 MeV), while the155Gd(p,n)155Tb reaction was degraded further to ~ 10 MeV, as well as performed at an 18 MeV medical cyclotron, to demonstrate its feasibility of production.ResultThe156Gd(p,2n)155Tb nuclear reaction demonstrated higher production yields of up to 1.7 GBq, however, lower radionuclidic purity when compared to the final product (~ 200 MBq) of the155Gd(p,n)155Tb nuclear reaction. In particular, other radioisotopes of terbium were produced as side products. The radiochemical purification of terbium-155 from the target material was developed to provide up to 1.0 GBq product in a small volume (~ 1 mL 0.05 M HCl), suitable for radiolabeling purposes. The high chemical purity of terbium-155 was proven by radiolabeling experiments at molar activities up to 100 MBq/nmol. SPECT/CT experiments were performed in tumor-bearing mice using [155Tb]Tb-DOTATOC.ConclusionThis study demonstrated two possible production routes for high activities of terbium-155 using a cyclotron, indicating that the radionuclide is more accessible than the exclusive mass-separated method previously demonstrated. The developed radiochemical purification of terbium-155 from the target material yielded [155Tb]TbCl3in high chemical purity. As a result, initial cell uptake investigations, as well as SPECT/CT in vivo studies with [155Tb]Tb-DOTATOC, were successfully performed, indicating that the chemical separation produced a product with suitable quality for preclinical studies.
Spectroscopic (analytical) approach to gunshot residue analysis for shooting distance estimation: a systematic review
Authors: Abedi Maxwell , Bonsu Dan O. M. , Badu Isaac K. , Afoakwah Richmond , Ahuja Pooja 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
The determination of the shooting distance using gunshot residue (GSR) analysis is crucial in the investigation and reconstruction of firearm-related crimes. However, the conventional chemographic method for GSR analysis is destructive and has limited sensitivity and selectivity. While the spectroscopic method has potential in GSR analysis for crime investigation, there is a current lack of consistency in the spectroscopic results obtained for shooting distance estimation via GSR analysis. Addressing such limitations will enhance the forensic capabilities of law enforcement and provide an added advantage to crime laboratories during an investigation. It will also reinforce the use of such spectroscopic data in a criminal investigation.

Main text
We obtained all peer-reviewed articles relevant to shooting distance estimation from searching Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. We specifically searched the databases using the keywords “shooting distance,” “range of fire,” “gunshot residue,” “firearm discharge residue,” and “firearm-related crime” and obtained 3811 records. We further filtered these records using a combination of two basic keywords “gunshot residue” and “shooting distance estimations” yielding 108 papers. Following a careful evaluation of the titles, abstracts, and full texts, 40 original peer-reviewed articles on shooting distance estimation via GSR analysis were included in the study. The forgoing included additional sources (n = 5) we obtained from looking through the reference lists of the forensic articles we found.

Short conclusion
This paper discusses the current scope of research concerning the chemographic and spectroscopic analysis of GSR for shooting distance estimation. It also examines the challenges of these techniques and provides recommendations for future research.
Waist-to-height ratio as a clinical predictor for cardiovascular risks and insulin resistance in children and adolescents with exogenous obesity
Authors: Soliman Hend , Ahmed Samah , Ibrahim Amany 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Obesity is one of the most challenging clinical syndromes associated with deleterious health problems. Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), a newer index for abdominal fat assessment, can be a superior tool in the evaluation of cardiometabolic risk. This study aimed to determine the relation between WHtR and lipid cardiovascular risk ratios and insulin resistance (IR) in children and adolescents with exogenous obesity.

Results
This analytical cross-sectional study included 80 children and adolescents with exogenous obesity, compared to 80 age- and sex-matched healthy non-overweight non-obese controls. Fasting lipid profile (total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)), fasting insulin, and fasting blood glucose were done and lipoprotein risk ratios were calculated; TC/HDL, LDL/HDL, non-HDL/HDL, and TG/HDL). In addition, homeostatic model assessment for IR (HOMA IR), triglyceride glucose index (TyG), TyG-BMI, and TyG-WC were calculated. The study group included 55 (34.4%) males and 105 (65.6%) females with a mean age of 13.6 ± 2.22 years. Obese group had significantly higher TC, TG, LDL, non-HDL, LDL/HDL, TC/HDL, non-HDL/HDL, and TG/HDL, with significantly lower HDL. In addition, they had significantly higher FBG, HOMA IR, TyG, TyG-BMI, and TyG-WC indices compared to the control group. There were statistically significant correlations between WHtR and lipid profile, lipid risk ratios and indices of IR. WHtR was found to be an independent predictor of IR by linear regression analysis.

Conclusion
WHtR can be an excellent, easy, and reliable clinical predictor for cardiovascular risk and IR in children and adolescents with exogenous obesity.
Use of diffusion-weighted imaging and diffusion tensor imaging in assessment of myometrial invasion in patients of endometrial carcinoma and its correlation with histopathological grading (Prospective study)
Authors: Abdel-Latif Mahmoud , Mosaad Hebatullah Safwat 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Endometrial cancer (EMC) is considered one of the most common gynecological cancers worldwide. In particular, the depth of myometrial invasion and histological grade of endometrial cancers (EMCs) are strong prognostic factors. Diffusion tensor measurements as mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) values could be useful for assessing the depth of tumor invasion and its histological grade. The study aimed to evaluate the role of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and diffusion tensor imaging in the detection of myometrial invasion in cases of endometrial carcinoma and prediction of its grade in vivo.

Results
This study included 50 female patients with pathologically proved endometrial carcinoma, and their ages ranged from 38 to 67 years; the mean age was 56.15 years (± 8.229 standard deviation “SD”). There was a significant statistical difference regarding the mean values of diffusion tensor fractional anisotropy (DT-FA), diffusion tensor mean diffusivity (DT-MD) and diffusion-weighted apparent diffusion coefficient(DW-ADC) values in differentiating between intact and infiltrated myometrium with (P value ≤ 0.001). The accuracy of DT-MD, DT-FA and DWI-ADC was 98%, 90% and 86%, respectively, in the detection of myometrial invasion. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean values of DT-FA, DT-MD and DW-ADC for differentiating endometrioid adenocarcinoma grades with the overall P values (˂0.001). The accuracy of DT-FA, DT- MD and DWI-ADC for differentiating grade 3 from grade 1 or 2 endometrioid adenocarcinoma was 94.9%, 84.6% and 74.4%, respectively. For differentiating grade 1 from grade 2 or 3 endometrioid adenocarcinoma, the accuracy of DT-FA, DT-MD and DWI-ADC was 90%, 89.7% and 84.6%, respectively. Mean DT-FA, DT-MD and DW-ADC values were inversely proportional to the degree of pathological grading with r =  − 0.867, − 0.762 and − 0.706, respectively.

Conclusion
Diffusion tensor imaging and DWI are helpful in the assessment of myometrial invasion and have a high negative correlation with histopathological grading in patients with endometrial cancer.
Clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics of COVID-19-infected children admitted to pediatric intensive care unit: a single-center experience
Authors: Ahmed Heba Mostafa , Abd El Kareem Rehab Muhammad , Ali Faten Mohamed , Sayed Ahmed Reda , Mohamed Yasmen Awadalh 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
During the second wave of COVID-19, there is an increasing incidence of reported cases in children compared to the early wave. Data on the clinical and laboratory characteristics of COVID-19 in children are evolving, and reports on the characteristics and outcomes of severe COVID-19 in children are still under evaluation. We aimed to describe the clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics and outcomes of children with COVID-19 infection admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).

Results
The study included 27 children with COVID-19 infection. Fever, respiratory, and gastrointestinal (GIT) symptoms were predominant presenting symptoms in our patients. The median age of our patients was 9 months (2 m–12 years). Comorbidity was reported in 59.3%. The typical laboratory findings were leukocytosis, lymphopenia, elevated C-reactive proteins levels, and elevated d-dimer levels. The most frequent radiological findings were ground-glass opacities in 100% of patients and bilateral findings in 96%, while cardiomegaly was found in 44% of patients. The multisystem inflammatory syndrome was reported in 33% of patients with GIT symptoms were the most frequent presenting symptoms. Myocarditis was reported in 22% of patients. The mortality rate in this cohort was 14.8%. On multivariate analysis, the only predictor of mortality was the development of MIS-C.

Conclusions
COVID-19 is more severe in children with comorbid conditions. Fever, respiratory and gastrointestinal (GIT) symptoms were predominant presenting symptoms. MIS-C is of increasing concern in children with high mortality rates.
After a patient dies by suicide: an illustrative case for trainee psychiatrists and trainers
Authors: Oates Alice , Gibbons Rachel 
Published: November 2021

SummaryOne of the most challenging experiences psychiatrists will face in their careers may well be the death of a patient by suicide. This is likely to happen at least once during a psychiatrist's career, and often more. It can be an intensely complex and painful event with a wide range of emotional responses. Reflecting on the death and accessing good support helps clinicians process the emotional impact. It can also increase their resilience in the longer term by giving them a greater understanding of both their own and their patients’ limitations, and in this way strengthen their capacity for compassion as clinicians. Using an illustrative case study, this article provides an insight into the experience of losing a patient to suicide and signposts to sources of support.
A randomized controlled trial comparing functional outcomes for navigated kinematically aligned total knee arthroplasty versus navigated mechanically aligned total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Sadekar Vilas Narayan , Datir Sandeep , Allgar Victoria , Sharma Hemant 
Published: November 2021

Aims Nearly 99,000 total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) are performed in UK annually. Despite plenty of research, the satisfaction rate of this surgery is around 80%. One of the important intraoperative factors affecting the outcome is alignment. The relationship between joint obliquity and functional outcomes is not well understood. Therefore, a study is required to investigate and compare the effects of two types of alignment (mechanical and kinematic) on functional outcomes and range of motion. Methods The aim of the study is to compare navigated kinematically aligned TKAs (KA TKAs) with navigated mechanically aligned TKA (MA TKA) in terms of function and ROM. We aim to recruit a total of 96 patients in the trial. The patients will be recruited from clinics of various consultants working in the trust after screening them for eligibility criteria and obtaining their informed consent to participate in this study. Randomization will be done prior to surgery by a software. The primary outcome measure will be the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score The secondary outcome measures include Oxford Knee Score, ROM, EuroQol five-dimension questionnaire, EuroQol visual analogue scale, 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12), and Forgotten Joint Score. The scores will be calculated preoperatively and then at six weeks, six months, and one year after surgery. The scores will undergo a statistical analysis. Discussion There is no clear evidence on the best alignment for a knee arthroplasty. This randomized controlled trial will test the null hypothesis that navigated KA TKAs do not perform better than navigated MA TKAs. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(11):945–950.