bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of RBD mutations in spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 on neutralizing IgG affinity
Authors: Hayashi Takuma , Yaegashi Nobuo , Konishi Ikuo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Certain mutant strains of SARS-CoV-2 are known to spread widely among humans, including the receptor binding domain (RBD) mutant, Y453F, from farmed minks, and the RBD mutant, N501Y, a mutation common to three major SARS-CoV-2 subspecies (B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and B.1.1.248). Methods: We investigated the characteristics of the RBD mutants, Y453F and N501Y, using three-dimensional structural analysis. We also investigated the effect of Y453F and N501Y on neutralizing antibodies in serum derived from COVID-19-positive patients. Results: Our results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 subspecies with the RBD mutations Y453F or N501Y partially escaped detection by 4 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies and 21 neutralizing antibodies in serums derived from COVID-19-positive patients.Conclusions: Infection with SARS-CoV-2 subspecies that cause serious symptoms in humans may spread globally.
Optimization of lapping process parameters of CP-Ti based on PSO with mutation and BPNN
Authors: Ye Kaiqiang , Wang Jianbin , Gao Hong , Yang Liu , Xiao Ping 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This work aims to improve the surface quality of commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) with free alumina lapping fluid and establish the relationship between the main process parameters of lapping and roughness. On this basis, the optimal process parameters were searched by performing particle swarm optimization with mutation. First, free alumina lapping fluid was used to perform an L9(33) orthogonal experiment on CP-Ti to acquire data samples to train the neural network. At the same time, a BP neural network was created to fit the nonlinear functional relation among the lapping pressure P, spindle speed n, slurry flow Q and roughness Ra. Then, the range of the node numbers in the hidden layer of the neural network was determined by empirical formulas and the Kolmogorov theorem. On this basis, particle swarm optimization with mutation was used to search for the optimal process parameter configurations for lapping CP-Ti. The optimal process parameter configurations were used in the neural network to calculate the prediction value. Finally, the accuracy of the prediction was verified experimentally. The optimum process parameter configurations found by particle swarm optimization were as follows: the lapping pressure was 5 kPa, spindle speed was 60 r·min− 1 and slurry flow was 50 ml·min− 1. Then, the configurations were applied to a neural network to simulate prediction: the roughness was 0.1127 µm. The roughness obtained by experiments was 0.1134 µm. The error was 0.62%, which indicates that the well-trained neural network can achieve a good prediction when experimental data are missing. Applying the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm with mutation to a neural network will obtain the optimal process parameter configurations, which can effectively improve the surface quality of CP-Ti lapped with free abrasive.
Copenhagen Index versus ROMA in the preoperative ovarian malignancy risk stratification: result from the first Vietnamese prospective cohort study
Authors: Tran Doan Tu , Vo Van Khoa , Le Minh Tam , Chuang Linus , Nguyen Vu Quoc Huy 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performances of the Copenhagen Index (CPH-I) and Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm (ROMA) in the preoperative prediction of ovarian cancer.Methods: In a prospective cohort study, data were collected from 475 patients with ovarian masses who were hospitalized at the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hue Central Hospital and Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital, Vietnam, between January 2018 and June 2020. ROMA and CPH-I were included for the women who had measurements of serum carbohydrate antigen (CA-125) and human epididymis protein (HE4). Matching these values to postoperative histopathology resulted in the preoperative prediction values. The final diagnosis was based on clinical features, histologic and radiologic findings, and the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) 2014 stages of ovarian cancer were recorded.Results: Among the 475 women, 408 had benign tumors, 5 had borderline tumors and 62 had malignant tumors. The two indices showed similar discriminatory performances with no significant differences (p > 0.05). At an optimal cut-off, the sensitivities/specificities of ROMA and CPH-I for ovarian cancer diagnosis were 76.1% and 87.0%, 83.6% and 78.7%, respectively. The optimal cut-off for CPH-I was 1.89%. The areas under the ROC curves (AUCs) of ROMA and CPH-I were 0.860 (95% CI: 0.825 – 0.890) and 0.868 (95% CI: 0.833 – 0.896), respectively.Conclusions: The introduction of the Copenhagen Index to help stratify the malignancy risk of ovarian tumors, irrespective of menopausal status, might be applied as a simple alternative with a similar efficacy to ROMA in clinical practice.
Synoptic situations in Africa south of the equator linked to wet events in Namibia; a case study with the February 2008 flood episode
Authors: Ibebuchi Chibuike Chiedozie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Namibia is one of the water stressed regions in sub-Saharan Africa, with an erratic rainfall pattern. This study investigates synoptic situations that can be favorable for wet events in Namibia. Obliquely rotated principal component analysis applied to the T-mode matrix (variable is time series and observation is grid points) of sea level pressure data set from NCEP-NCAR was used to characterize the modes of large-scale atmospheric circulation variability in Africa south of the equator, in the form of circulation types (CTs). 18 CTs were classified and the linkage of the CTs to wet events in Namibia showed that during austral summer and early austral autumn when sea surface temperature (SST) is warm at the southwest Indian ocean and continental heating is active on the southern African landmasses, stronger (weaker) anticyclonic circulation at the South Indian Ocean high-pressure (South Atlantic Ocean high-pressure) can be associated with enhanced low-level moisture advection by southeast (southwest) winds to Namibia, resulting in wet events in most regions in Namibia. Also, enhanced moisture uptake in the Mozambique Channel might compensate for a relatively weaker moisture advection rate by the South Indian Ocean high-pressure, so that enhanced rainfall can still be expected in Namibia under this scenario. During the early February 2008 flood episode in parts of Namibia, enhanced moisture uptake in the Mozambique Channel coupled with strong southeast winds advecting abundant moisture to Namibia was found to have contributed to the flood.
Artificial Intelligence-driven drug repurposing and structural biology for SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Prasad Kartikay , Kumar Vijay 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
It has been said that COVID-19 is a generational challenge in many ways. But, at the same time, it becomes a catalyst for collective action, innovation, and discovery. Realizing the full potential of artificial intelligence (AI) for structure determination of unknown proteins and drug discovery are some of these innovations. Potential applications of AI include predicting the structure of the infectious proteins, identifying drugs that may be effective in targeting these proteins, and proposing new chemical compounds for further testing as potential drugs. AI and machine learning (ML) allow for rapid drug development including repurposing existing drugs. Algorithms were used to search for novel or approved antiviral drugs capable of inhibiting SARS-CoV-2. This paper presents a survey of AI and ML methods being used in various biochemistry of SARS-CoV-2, from structure to drug development, in the fight against the deadly COVID-19 pandemic. It is envisioned that this study will provide AI/ML researchers and the wider community an overview of the current status of AI applications particularly in structural biology, drug repurposing and development and motivate researchers in harnessing AI potentials in the fight against COVID-19.
Energy-water nexus in East Iraq: capacity potential analysis and spatial assessment for an integrated CSP solar power & RO brackish water desalination plant in Khanaqin area
Authors: Issa Hayder Mohammed 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this research, an analysis of site suitability and potential desalination capacity for an integrated concentrated solar power (CSP) and reverse osmosis (RO) system can be established to overcome water-energy nexus problems such as water supply shortage, fossil fuel carbon emission, and increasing power consumption in Khanaqin area, East Iraq. Regarding various environmental and economic criteria, the analysis employed different methods and tools: analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method, additive weighting method for location selection (SL), and kriging interpolation with map algebra spatial analysis tools in ArcGIS software. The chosen criteria were assessed by using the rating method, and then the relative weight of each criterion was determined. Site suitability assessment results showed that only 0.05% of the study area, represented by thirteen sites, was highly suitable for the integrated CSP-RO system. Considering higher potential desalination capacity of the integrated CSP-RO system, the number of suitable sites was further refined, therefore only two plant sites were suggested for optimum desalination capacity. The current study helps to quantify factors related to establishing and operating combined CSP and RO plant, which aid for further insight investigations on solar and water resources availability of similar systems for different areas around the world.
Risk and benefit analysis of multifunctional reservoir staged operating
Authors: Mo Chongxun , Wu Yifan , Ruan Yuli , Zhao Shutan , Jin Juliang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
An optimal flood-limiting water level (FLWL) is needed to solve the contradiction between flood control safety measures and utilizable benefits. Therefore, this paper took the Chengbi River reservoir as an example, applied the Monte Carlo stochastic simulation and water consumption rate per unit of electrical energy methods to calculate the flood control risks and benefits associated with raising the FLWL in stages, and used the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to select the optimal FLWL for each stage of the flood season, which provided a scientific basis for the effective use of rainfall and flood data in the reservoir. The major outcomes of the study are as follows. (1) The reservoir flood season can be divided into a preflood season (April to May), a main flood season (June to August), and a later flood season (September to October). (2) The flood risks and power generation benefits of the reservoir are calculated after raising the FLWL, the optimal FLWL for the main flood season is 185.5 m, and the optimal FLWL for the later flood season is 187.50 m, while the FLWL in the preflood season should be kept at 185.0 m. The above results can provide scientific support for flood control safety planning and the optimal operation of reservoirs.
Effective adsorption of Direct Red 23 by sludge biochar-based adsorbent: adsorption kinetics, thermodynamics and mechanisms study
Authors: Jiang Ruqing , Yu Guangwei , Ndagijimana Pamphile , Wang Yu , You Futian , Xing Zhenjiao , Wang Yin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Using solid adsorbents, such as biochar, has been a potential practice to remove the pollutants from water bodies to render the water safer for potential usage. A potential application of sludge biochar-based adsorbent (SBA), obtained by pyrolysis with hydrothermal treatment, was developed to adsorb Direct Red 23 (DR23) from wastewater. The results showed that for the synthesized SBA (0.5 g/L) in the adsorption of DR23 at low concentration (&lt;20 mg/L), the DR23 was totally removed from the aqueous solution. pH had a limited effect on the adsorption, while an increase in temperature was shown to have a large enhancing effect. The adsorption kinetics were best fitted by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, while the equilibrium data were best fitted by the Langmuir isotherm. A maximum saturation adsorption capacity of SBA of 111.98 mg/g was achieved. SBA could then be regenerated by pyrolysis, and after three cycles, SBA still retained good adsorption ability for DR23, a removal rate exceeding 97% was achieved. Functional groups, pores, π-π bond, and electrostatic interactions are the key to the adsorption mechanisms. The results proved that SBA would be a promising material in the application of removing dyes in printing and dyeing wastewater.
The Books of Chronicles and Ezra-Nehemiah as a Project of New Future for Israel
Authors: Chrostowski Waldemar 
Published: March 2021

1–2 Chronicles and Ezra-Nehemiah express a different approach to the future of Israel to that provided in the Earlier Prophets. Firstly, the nature and the dating of this part of the Hebrew Bible are discussed, suggesting the end of the fifth and the very beginning of the fourth century B.C. as the time of its origins. Secondly, the retrospect of the past in 1–2 Chronicles is presented with a very specific attitude towards the Exile. The article focuses on the detailed analysis of Ezra 4:1–5, a passage representing the very core of this book. Against the backdrop of the identity of the deputation visiting Jerusalem as seen by the author of Ezra and the completely different self-presentation of the envoys from the north, the serious conflict that ensues is described. It bears analogies with the former antagonisms and tensions between the kingdom of Judah and the kingdom of Israel. On the basis of this conflict, a new reality emerges, namely Judaism. The religion of the preexilic Israel was profoundly transformed, having been exclusively limited to those Judeans who had come back from the Exile. As a result of this separation, the question of the “true Israel” became more crucial, setting new direction for the project of the national and religious identity of biblical Israel.
Overview of Natural Antiplasmodials from the Last Decade to Inspire Medicinal Chemistry
Authors: Degotte Gilles , Pirotte Bernard , Francotte Pierre , Frédérich Michel 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Despite major advances in the fight against this parasitic disease,
malaria remained a major cause of concern in 2021. This infection, mainly due to Plasmodium
falciparum, causes more than 200 million cases every year and hundreds of thousands
deaths in the developing regions, mostly in Africa. The last statistics show an increase
in the cases for the third consecutive year; from 211 million in 2015, it has reached
229 million in 2019. This trend could be partially explained by the appearance of resistance
to all the used antimalarials, including artemisinin. Thus, the design of new anti-
Plasmodium compounds is an urgent need. For thousands of years, nature has offered
humans medicines to cure their diseases or the inspiration for the development of new active
principles. It then seems logical to explore the natural sources to find new molecules
to treat this parasitosis.

Methods:
Therefore, this review reports and analyzes the extracts (plants, bacteria,
sponges, fungi) and the corresponding isolated compounds, showing antiplasmodial properties
between 2013 and 2019.

Results & Conclusion:
Nature remains a major source of active compounds. Indeed,
648 molecules from various origins, mostly plants, have been reported for their inhibitory
effect on Plasmodium falciparum. Among them, 188 scaffolds were defined as highly active
with IC50 ≤ 5 μM, and have been reported here in detail. Moreover, the most active
compounds showed a large variety of structures, such as flavonoids, triterpenes, and alkaloids.
Therefore, these compounds could be an interesting source of inspiration for medicinal
chemists; several of these molecules could become the next leads for malaria treatment.
The Use of Head-Worn Displays for Vital Sign Monitoring in Critical and Acute Care: Systematic Review
Authors: Elrose Francine , Hill Andrew , Liu David , Salisbury Isaac , LeCong Thien , Loeb Robert G , Sanderson Penelope 
Published: March 2021

Background
Continuous monitoring of patient vital signs may improve patient outcomes. Head-worn displays (HWDs) can provide hands-free access to continuous vital sign information of patients in critical and acute care contexts and thus may reduce instances of unrecognized patient deterioration.

Objective
The purpose of the study is to conduct a systematic review of the literature to evaluate clinical, surrogate, and process outcomes when clinicians use HWDs for continuous patient vital sign monitoring.

Methods
The review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42019119875) and followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) guidelines. A literature search was conducted for articles published between January 1995 and June 2020 using the following databases: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Overall, 2 reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts and then assessed the full text of the articles. Original research articles that evaluated the clinical, surrogate, or process outcomes of head-mounted displays for continuous vital sign monitoring in critical care or acute care contexts were included.

Results
Of the 214 records obtained, 15 (7%) articles met the predefined criteria and were included in this review. Of the 15 studies, 7 (47%) took place in a clinical context, whereas the remainder took place in a simulation environment. In 100% (7/7) of the studies that evaluated gaze behavior, changes were found in gaze direction with HWDs. Change detection improvements were found in 67% (2/3) of the studies evaluating changes in the participants’ ability to detect changes in vital signs. Of the 10 studies assessing the ease of use of the HWD, most participants of 7 (70%) studies reported that the HWD was easy to use. In all 6 studies in which participants were asked if they would consider using the HWD in their practice, most participants responded positively, but they often suggested improvements on the HWD hardware or display design. Of the 7 studies conducted in clinical contexts, none reported any clinical outcomes.

Conclusions
Although there is limited and sometimes conflicting evidence about the benefits of HWDs from certain surrogate and process outcomes, evidence for clinical outcomes is lacking. Recommendations are to employ user-centered design when developing HWDs, perform longitudinal studies, and seek clinical outcomes.

Trial Registration
PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42019119875; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=119875
Wireless Home Blood Pressure Monitoring System With Automatic Outcome-Based Feedback and Financial Incentives to Improve Blood Pressure in People With Hypertension: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bilger Marcel , Koong Agnes Ying Leng , Phoon Ian Kwong Yun , Tan Ngiap Chuan , Bahadin Juliana , Bairavi Joann , Batcagan-Abueg Ada Portia M , Finkelstein Eric A 
Published: March 2021

Background
Hypertension is prevalent in Singapore and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and increased health care costs. Strategies to lower blood pressure include lifestyle modifications and home blood pressure monitoring. Nonetheless, adherence to home blood pressure monitoring remains low. This protocol details an algorithm for remote management of primary care patients with hypertension.

Objective
The objective of this study was to determine whether wireless home blood pressure monitoring with or without financial incentives is more effective at reducing systolic blood pressure than nonwireless home blood pressure monitoring (usual care).

Methods
This study was designed as a randomized controlled open-label superiority study. A sample size of 224 was required to detect differences of 10 mmHg in average systolic blood pressure. Participants were to be randomized, in the ratio of 2:3:3, into 1 of 3 parallel study arms :(1) usual care, (2) wireless home blood pressure monitoring, and (3) wireless home blood pressure monitoring with financial incentives. The primary outcome was the mean change in systolic blood pressure at month 6. The secondary outcomes were the mean reduction in diastolic blood pressure, cost of financial incentives, time taken for the intervention, adherence to home blood pressure monitoring, effectiveness of the framing of financial incentives in decreasing nonadherence to blood pressure self-monitoring and the adherence to antihypertensive medication at month 6.

Results
This study was approved by SingHealth Centralised Institutional Review Board and registered. Between January 24, 2018 and July 10, 2018, 42 participants (18.75% of the required sample size) were enrolled, and 33 participants completed the month 6 assessment by January 31, 2019.

Conclusions
Due to unforeseen events, the study was stopped prematurely; therefore, no results are available. Depending on the blood pressure information received from the patients, the algorithm can trigger immediate blood pressure advice (eg, Accident and Emergency department visit advice for extremely high blood pressure), weekly feedback on blood pressure monitoring, medication titration, or skipping of routine follow-ups. The inclusion of financial incentives framed as health capital provides a novel idea on how to promote adherence to remote monitoring, and ultimately, improve chronic disease management.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT 03368417; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03368417

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/27496