bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Satisfaction With Penile Prosthesis Implantation in Patients With Radical Prostatectomy or Radical Cystoprostatectomy to the General Population
Authors: Howell Skyler , Palasi Stephen , Green Travis , Kannady Christopher , Panuganti Sravan , Slaughter Kris , Blum Kyle , Yang Baibing , Saavedra-Belaunde Jose A. , Wang Run 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionPenile prosthesis implantation is a widely used treatment option for erectile dysfunction. Data is limited with regard to patient satisfaction with a penile prosthesis following radical prostatectomy/cystoprostatectomy vs patients with erectile dysfunction of other etiologies.AimTo examine patient satisfaction with penile prosthesis implantation and determine if a difference in satisfaction exists in post-prostatectomy/cystoprostatectomy patients vs patients with erectile dysfunction of other etiologies. We hypothesize that etiology does not affect satisfaction.MethodsA total of 164 patients underwent penile prosthesis implantation at our institution between August 2017 and December 2019, with 102 patients completing a validated 14 item questionnaire, Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction (EDITS), at 6 months postoperation. Demographics, surgical characteristics, and erectile dysfunction etiology were recorded. Patients were assigned to one of 2 groups: postprostatectomy/postcystoprostatectomy erectile dysfunction or other etiologies. The study group was further analyzed between radical prostatectomy or radical cystoprostatectomy.Main Outcome MeasuresSatisfaction based on key EDITS questions with postradical prostatectomy/cystoprostatectomy vs patients with erectile dysfunction of other etiologies.ResultsResponses to 3 questions were analyzed: overall satisfaction, expectations met in the past 4 weeks, and confidence in the ability to participate in sexual activity. Chi-square analysis was performed to determine the difference in responses. No difference was seen in overall satisfaction (P = .96), expectations (P = .78), or confidence (P = .78) between groups. On subgroup analysis, there was no difference in reported overall satisfaction (P = .47) or confidence (P = .080) between postprostatectomy and postcystoprostatectomy patients. Postprostatectomy and postcystoprostatectomy patients differed in whether the penile prosthesis implantation met expectations (P = .033). Postprostatectomy patients reported a mean score of 3.5/4 compared to postcystoprostatectomy patients, who reported a mean of 3.0/4.ConclusionsOur analysis suggests that key erectile function scores are not significantly different between postprostatectomy/postcystoprostatectomy patients compared to other etiologies. The difference in measures between postprostatectomy and postcystoprostatectomy patients is not significant or of unclear significance.Registration # of clinical trial: HSC-MS-19-0320Howell S, Palasi S, Green T, et al. Comparison of Satisfaction With Penile Prosthesis Implantation in Patients With Radical Prostatectomy or Radical Cystoprostatectomy to the General Population. Sex Med 2021;9:100300.
Acceptability of a Comprehensive Sex Education Self-Study Website for Teaching Reproductive Health: A Pilot Study Among College Students and Obstetrics and Gynecology Resident Physicians
Authors: Yoost Jennie , Ruley Morgan , Durfee Levi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Introduction
There is a growing interest among adolescents to obtain sexual health information online, which could be helpful in rural areas where adolescents face unique obstacles to contraception access, and medically accurate sex education is not mandated.

Aim
This study piloted a comprehensive sex education self-study website among undergraduate students and resident physicians to assess the accuracy and feasibility for future use in younger adolescents.

Methods
A sex education website developed by a board-certified obstetrician-gynecologist (OBGYN) was piloted among a group of OBGYN resident physicians and undergraduates from West Virginia. Groups were chosen to assess the accuracy of information and acceptability for use in younger adolescents. The 30-minute curriculum was a series of short videos (2–4 minutes each) covering anatomy, physiology, sexuality, gender identity, relationship health, contraception, and sexually transmitted infection prevention. Data were obtained on subjects’ past experience and perception of sex education. Subjects also evaluated the website for usefulness and accuracy.

Outcomes
Main outcomes included a Likert scale assessment of each curriculum session’s usefulness, accuracy, and how easy it was to follow.

Results
24 subjects (14 undergraduates and 10 physicians) participated during September and October of 2019. All except for 1 subject had sex education taught in school; 11 (45.8%) reported it to be “low quality”; 23 (95.8%) reported being taught in a classroom. Individual website video sessions were reported to be highly accurate, very easy to follow, and very useful. All subjects (100%) felt that high school adolescents would be interested in the self-study website.

Conclusions
A self-study website was successfully tested and found to be a well-accepted way to teach sex education among this pilot group. Future work involves testing this tool among younger adolescent subjects.
Occupational Fatalities Due to Mammal-Related Accidents in Japan, 2000–2019
Authors: Hioki Atsushi , Inaba Ryoichi 
Published: January 2021

Introduction Animal-related fatal accidents occur annually while individuals are outside working. This study intended to evaluate the trends of occupational fatal accidents related to mammals and compare them with nonoccupational accidents. Methods We collected occupational and nonoccupational fatalities related to mammals between 2000 and 2019 from data on fatal occupational accident cases certified by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, Japan, in addition to other statistics from relevant ministries, media reports such as newspapers, and academic case reports. Results A total of 109 fatal accidents related to mammals were confirmed as occurring during work, and 129 were confirmed as taking place outside of work. Of the former, accidents among livestock farmers and horse racing–related workers accounted for about half. Among the accidents not related to work, dog attacks, infectious diseases from cats or dogs, traffic accidents with wild animals, and bear attacks during wild vegetable picking were common. Deaths from infectious diseases caused by dogs and cats have rarely been reported in the mass media. Conclusions Although the number of fatal occupational accidents related to mammals is not large, we concluded that it is necessary to continue preventive measures centered on accidents at livestock farms and in horse racing–related workplaces. It is also necessary to inform people about the risks of infectious diseases mediated by dogs and cats.
Influence of Fluid Delivery Schedule and Composition on Fluid Balance, Physiologic Strain, and Substrate Use in the Heat
Authors: Rosales Alejandro M. , Hailes Walter S. , Dodds Patrick S. , Marks Alexander N. , Ruby Brent C. 
Published: January 2021

Introduction Wildfire suppression is characterized by high total energy expenditure and water turnover rates. Hydration position stands outline hourly fluid intake rates. However, dose interval remains ambiguous. We aimed to determine the effects of microdosing and bolus-dosing water and microdosing and bolus-dosing carbohydrate-electrolyte solutions on fluid balance, heat stress (physiologic strain index [PSI]), and carbohydrate oxidation during extended thermal exercise. Methods In a repeated-measures cross-over design, subjects completed four 120-min treadmill trials (1.3 m·s-1, 5% grade, 33°C, 30% relative humidity) wearing a US Forest Service wildland firefighter uniform and a 15-kg pack. Fluid delivery approximated losses calculated from a pre-experiment familiarization trial, providing 22 doses·h-1 or 1 dose·h-1 (46±11, 1005±245 mL·dose-1). Body weight (pre- and postexercise) and urine volume (pre-, during, and postexercise) were recorded. Heart rate, rectal temperature, skin temperature, and steady-state expired air samples were recorded throughout exercise. Statistical significance ( P<0.05) was determined via repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results Total body weight loss (n=11, –0.6±0.3 kg, P>0.05) and cumulative urine output (n=11, 677±440 mL, P>0.05) were not different across trials. The micro-dosed carbohydrate-electrolyte trial sweat rate was lower than that of the bolus-dosed carbohydrate-electrolyte, bolus-dosed water, and microdosed water trials (n=11, 0.8±0.2, 0.9±0.2, 0.9±0.2, 0.9±0.2 L·h-1, respectively; P<0.05). PSI was lower at 60 than 120 min (n=12, 3.6±0.7 and 4.5±0.9, respectively; P<0.05), with no differences across trials. The carbohydrate-electrolyte trial’s carbohydrate oxidation was higher than water trial’s (n=12, 1.5±0.3 and 0.8±0.2 g·min-1, respectively; P<0.05), with no dosing style differences. Conclusions Equal-volume diverse fluid delivery schedules did not affect fluid balance, PSI, or carbohydrate oxidation during extended thermal work.
Altitude-Related Disorders on Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania: Two-Year Survey in a Local Referral Center
Authors: Dekker Marieke C.J. , Mremi Alex , Kilonzo Kajiru G. , Nyakunga Gissela , Sakita Francis , Mvungi Mark , Urasa Sarah J. , Masenga Gileard , Howlett William P. 
Published: January 2021

Introduction A significant number of climbers on Mount Kilimanjaro are affected by altitude-related disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the main causes of morbidity and mortality in a representative cohort of climbers based on local hospital records. Methods We conducted a 2-y retrospective chart review of all patients presenting to the main referral hospital in the region after a climb on Mount Kilimanjaro, including all relevant records and referrals for postmortem studies. Results We identified 62 climbers who presented to the hospital: 47 inpatients and 15 outpatients. Fifty-six presented with high altitude illness, which included acute mountain sickness (n=8; 14%), high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) (n=30; 54%), high altitude cerebral edema (HACE) (n=7; 12%), and combined HAPE/HACE (n=11; 20%). The mean altitude of symptom onset ranged from 4600±750 m for HAPE to 5000±430 m for HAPE/HACE. The vast majority of inpatients (n=41; 87%) were improved on discharge. Twenty-one deceased climbers, most having died while climbing (n=17; 81%), underwent postmortem evaluation. Causes of death were HAPE (n=16; 76%), HAPE/HACE (n=3; 14%), trauma (1), and cardiopulmonary (1). Conclusions HAPE was the main cause of death during climbing as well as for hospital admissions. The vast majority of climbers who presented to hospital made a full recovery.
Maps from Feigin and Odesskii's elliptic algebras to twisted homogeneous coordinate rings
Authors: Chirvasitu Alex , Kanda Ryo , Smith S. Paul 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The elliptic algebras in the title are connected graded

$\mathbb {C}$

-algebras, denoted

$Q_{n,k}(E,\tau )$

, depending on a pair of relatively prime integers

$n>k\ge 1$

, an elliptic curve E and a point

$\tau \in E$

. This paper examines a canonical homomorphism from

$Q_{n,k}(E,\tau )$

to the twisted homogeneous coordinate ring

$B(X_{n/k},\sigma ',\mathcal {L}^{\prime }_{n/k})$

on the characteristic variety

$X_{n/k}$

for

$Q_{n,k}(E,\tau )$

. When

$X_{n/k}$

is isomorphic to

$E^g$

or the symmetric power

$S^gE$

, we show that the homomorphism

$Q_{n,k}(E,\tau ) \to B(X_{n/k},\sigma ',\mathcal {L}^{\prime }_{n/k})$

is surjective, the relations for

$B(X_{n/k},\sigma ',\mathcal {L}^{\prime }_{n/k})$

are generated in degrees

$\le 3$

and the noncommutative scheme

$\mathrm {Proj}_{nc}(Q_{n,k}(E,\tau ))$

has a closed subvariety that is isomorphic to

$E^g$

or

$S^gE$

, respectively. When

$X_{n/k}=E^g$

and

$\tau =0$

, the results about

$B(X_{n/k},\sigma ',\mathcal {L}^{\prime }_{n/k})$

show that the morphism

$\Phi _{|\mathcal {L}_{n/k}|}:E^g \to \mathbb {P}^{n-1}$

embeds

$E^g$

as a projectively normal subvariety that is a scheme-theoretic intersection of quadric and cubic hypersurfaces.
Estimated number of N95 respirators needed for healthcare workers in acute-care hospitals during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic
Authors: Wedlock Patrick T. , O’Shea Kelly J. , Conte Madellena , Bartsch Sarah M. , Randall Samuel L. , Ferguson Marie C. , Cox Sarah N. , Siegmund Sheryl S. , Kulkarni Sarah , Nash Denis , Lin Michael Y. , Lee Bruce Y. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjective:Due to shortages of N95 respirators during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it is necessary to estimate the number of N95s required for healthcare workers (HCWs) to inform manufacturing targets and resource allocation.Methods:We developed a model to determine the number of N95 respirators needed for HCWs both in a single acute-care hospital and the United States.Results:For an acute-care hospital with 400 all-cause monthly admissions, the number of N95 respirators needed to manage COVID-19 patients admitted during a month ranges from 113 (95% interpercentile range [IPR], 50–229) if 0.5% of admissions are COVID-19 patients to 22,101 (95% IPR, 5,904–25,881) if 100% of admissions are COVID-19 patients (assuming single use per respirator, and 10 encounters between HCWs and each COVID-19 patient per day). The number of N95s needed decreases to a range of 22 (95% IPR, 10–43) to 4,445 (95% IPR, 1,975–8,684) if each N95 is used for 5 patient encounters. Varying monthly all-cause admissions to 2,000 requires 6,645–13,404 respirators with a 60% COVID-19 admission prevalence, 10 HCW–patient encounters, and reusing N95s 5–10 times. Nationally, the number of N95 respirators needed over the course of the pandemic ranges from 86 million (95% IPR, 37.1–200.6 million) to 1.6 billion (95% IPR, 0.7–3.6 billion) as 5%–90% of the population is exposed (single-use). This number ranges from 17.4 million (95% IPR, 7.3–41 million) to 312.3 million (95% IPR, 131.5–737.3 million) using each respirator for 5 encounters.Conclusions:We quantified the number of N95 respirators needed for a given acute-care hospital and nationally during the COVID-19 pandemic under varying conditions.
ON ALGEBRA ISOMORPHISMS BETWEEN p-BANACH BEURLING ALGEBRAS
Authors: DABHI PRAKASH A. , LIKHADA DARSHANA B. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLet

$(G_1,\omega _1)$
and

$(G_2,\omega _2)$
be weighted discrete groups and

$0<p\leq 1$
. We characterise biseparating bicontinuous algebra isomorphisms on the p-Banach algebra

$\ell ^p(G_1,\omega _1)$
. We also characterise bipositive and isometric algebra isomorphisms between the p-Banach algebras
$\ell ^p(G_1,\omega _1)$
and

$\ell ^p(G_2,\omega _2)$
and isometric algebra isomorphisms between

$\ell ^p(S_1,\omega _1)$
and

$\ell ^p(S_2,\omega _2)$
, where

$(S_1,\omega _1)$
and

$(S_2,\omega _2)$
are weighted discrete semigroups.
Reassessing the estimation of leaf area in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) by linear regression equation
Authors: Breure Cornelis Jan , Siregar M. Mustiqa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe area of individual leaves in oil palm has been conventionally estimated from a regression equation that is based on the size and number of leaflets. The aim of the present study is to verify the accuracy of this equation, which became standard in oil palm research. Therefore, true leaf area, measured with a video camera, was estimated from the product of number of leaflets per leaf (n) with mean length (l) times mid-width (w) of six of the longest leaflets (nlw). The database was assembled, annually for the first 4 years after planting, from 2961 leaves of dura × pisifera testcrosses descending from six distinct pisifera origins. The regression coefficients of the regression lines of nlw plotted against true area did not show a trend with age of the palms or a difference among pisifera origins. The common regression equation fitted through all data of this study accurately estimated true leaf area of the testcrosses and also the areas of 2- to 3.5-year-old dura palms of three distinct origins as well as 18-year-old tenera palms. These outcomes are at odds with the conventional regression equation that overestimates the true leaf areas by about 24%. A more recently-developed variant underestimates true area of the young tenera and dura palms by 28%, while overestimating true area of old tenera palms by 19%. Possible causes for these deviations from true area are discussed. The paper argues that parameters depending on leaf area of previous physiological studies need to be reassessed.
Developmental outcomes of early adverse care on amygdala functional connectivity in nonhuman primates
Authors: Morin Elyse L. , Howell Brittany R. , Feczko Eric , Earl Eric , Pincus Melanie , Reding Katherine , Kovacs-Balint Zsofia A. , Meyer Jerrold S. , Styner Martin , Fair Damien , Sanchez Mar M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDespite the strong link between childhood maltreatment and psychopathology, the underlying neurodevelopmental mechanisms are poorly understood and difficult to disentangle from heritable and prenatal factors. This study used a translational macaque model of infant maltreatment in which the adverse experience occurs in the first months of life, during intense maturation of amygdala circuits important for stress and emotional regulation. Thus, we examined the developmental impact of maltreatment on amygdala functional connectivity (FC) longitudinally, from infancy through the juvenile period. Using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) we performed amygdala–prefrontal cortex (PFC) region-of-interest and exploratory whole-brain amygdala FC analyses. The latter showed (a) developmental increases in amygdala FC with many regions, likely supporting increased processing of socioemotional-relevant stimuli with age; and (b) maltreatment effects on amygdala coupling with arousal and stress brain regions (locus coeruleus, laterodorsal tegmental area) that emerged with age. Maltreated juveniles showed weaker FC than controls, which was negatively associated with infant hair cortisol concentrations. Findings from the region-of-interest analysis also showed weaker amygdala FC with PFC regions in maltreated animals than controls since infancy, whereas bilateral amygdala FC was stronger in maltreated animals. These effects on amygdala FC development may underlie the poor behavioral outcomes associated with this adverse experience.
Challenges in researching the immune pathways between early life adversity and psychopathology
Authors: Reid Brie , Danese Andrea 
Published: January 2021

AbstractExposure to childhood adversity is a critical risk factor for the development of psychopathology. A growing field of research examines how exposure to childhood adversity is translated into biological risk for psychopathology through alterations in immune system functioning, most notably heightened levels of inflammation biomarkers. Though our knowledge about how childhood adversity can instantiate biological risk for psychopathology is growing, there remain many challenges and gaps in the field to understand how inflammation from childhood adversity contributes to psychopathology. This paper reviews research on the inflammatory outcomes arising from childhood adversity and presents four major challenges that future research must address: (a) the measurement of childhood adversity, (b) the measurement of inflammation, (c) the identification of mediators between childhood adversity and inflammation, and (d) the identification of moderators of inflammatory outcomes following childhood adversity. We discuss synergies and inconsistencies in the literature to summarize the current understanding of the association between childhood adversity, a proinflammatory phenotype, and the biological risk for psychopathology. We discuss the clinical implications of the inflammatory links between childhood adversity and psychopathology, including possibilities for intervention. Finally, this review conclude by delineates future directions for research, including issues of how best to detect, prevent, and understand these “hidden wounds” of childhood adversity.
Neural meaning making, prediction, and prefrontal–subcortical development following early adverse caregiving
Authors: Tottenham Nim 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEarly adversities that are caregiving-related (crEAs) are associated with a significantly increased risk for mental health problems. Recent neuroscientific advances have revealed alterations in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)-subcortical circuitry following crEAs. While this work has identified alterations in affectiveoperations(e.g., perceiving, reacting, controlling, learning) associated with mPFC–subcortical circuitry, this circuitry has a much broader function extending beyond operations. It plays a primary role in affective meaning making, involving conceptual-level, schematized knowledge to generate predictions about the current environment. This function of mPFC–subcortical circuitry motivates asking whether mPFC–subcortical phenotypes following crEAs supportsemanticized knowledgecontent (or the concept-level knowledge) and generate predictive models. I present a hypothesis motivated by research findings across four different lines of work that converge on mPFC–subcortical neuroanatomy, including (a) the neurobiology supporting emotion regulation processes in adulthood, (b) the neurobiology that is activated by caregiving cues during development, (c) the neurobiology that is altered by crEAs, and (d) the neurobiology of semantic-based meaning making. I hypothesize that the affective behaviors following crEAs result in part from affective semantic memory processes supported by mPFC–subcortical circuitry that over the course of development, construct affective schemas that generate meaning making and guide predictions. I use this opportunity to review some of the literature on mPFC–subcortical circuit development following crEAs to illustrate the motivation behind this hypothesis. Long recognized by clinical science and cognitive neuroscience, studying schema-based processes may be particularly helpful for understanding how affective meaning making arises from developmental trajectories of mPFC–subcortical circuitry.