bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Percepção do conforto térmico no Semiárido pernambucano: Estudo piloto nos municípios de Petrolina e Serra Talhada
Authors: Falcão Symone Maria Pancracio , Bezerra Ana Paula Xavier de Gondra , Gabriel Fabricio Ã‚ngelo , Holanda Romildo Morant de 
Published: February 2021

A urbanização de municípios do Semiárido brasileiro pode gerar efeitos negativos na qualidade ambiental e térmica, caso não haja um planejamento desses territórios. O presente estudo se propõe a analisar, de modo preliminar, a percepção da população em relação ao conforto térmico em duas cidades do Semiárido pernambucano: Serra Talhada e Petrolina. Para obter dados referentes à percepção aplicou-se um questionário pré-estruturado com base na ISO 10.551, por meio de plataforma online para os moradores dos respectivos municípios interessados em participar durante dos dias 11, 12 e 13 de dezembro do ano de 2016. Para avaliação do conforto térmico empregou-se o índice bioclimático proposto por Thom. Foram obtidas 19 respostas válidas em Petrolina, e 21 em Serra Talhada. A maioria dos participantes foi do sexo feminino com idade entre 21 e 30 anos, com conhecimento do conceito de conforto térmico. Os resultados indicam que em Petrolina o número de moradores com percepção do desconforto térmico é maior quando comparado ao município de Serra Talhada. Entretanto os resultados da análise de conforto térmico em Serra Talhada apontam para um crescente desconforto na maioria dos dias de análise.
Inductive Inference and Its Natural Ground
Authors: Kornblith Hilary 
Published: February 2021

Hilary Kornblith presents an account of inductive inference that addresses both its metaphysical and epistemological aspects. He argues that inductive knowledge is possible by virtue of the fit between our innate psychological capacities and the causal structure of the world.
Kornblith begins by developing an account of natural kinds that has its origins in John Locke's work on real and nominal essences. In Kornblith's view, a natural kind is a stable cluster of properties that are bound together in nature. The existence of such kinds serves as a natural ground of inductive inference.Kornblith then examines two features of human psychology that explain how knowledge of natural kinds is attained. First, our concepts are structured innately in a way that presupposes the existence of natural kinds. Second, our native inferential tendencies tend to provide us with accurate beliefs about the world when applied to environments that are populated by natural kinds.
Bradford Books imprint
Technology and the Dream
Authors: Williams Clarence G. 
Published: February 2021

Transcripts of more than seventy-five oral history interviews in which the interviewees assess their MIT experience and reflect on the role of blacks at MIT and beyond.
This book grew out of the Blacks at MIT History Project, whose mission is to document the black presence at MIT. The main body of the text consists of transcripts of more than seventy-five oral history interviews, in which the interviewees assess their MIT experience and reflect on the role of blacks at MIT and beyond. Although most of the interviewees are present or former students, black faculty, administrators, and staff are also represented, as are nonblack faculty and administrators who have had an impact on blacks at MIT. The interviewees were selected with an eye to presenting the broadest range of issues and personalities, as well as a representative cross section by time period and category.
Each interviewee was asked to discuss family background; education; role models and mentors; experiences of racism and race-related issues; choice of field and career; goals; adjustment to the MIT environment; best and worst MIT experiences; experience with MIT support services; relationships with MIT students, faculty, and staff; advice to present or potential MIT students; and advice to the MIT administration. A recurrent theme is that MIT's rigorous teaching instills the confidence to deal with just about any hurdle in professional life, and that an MIT degree opens many doors and supplies instant credibility.
Each interview includes biographical notes and pictures. The book also includes a general introduction, a glossary, and appendixes describing the project's methodology.
Two alternate states: shrub, bird and mammal assemblages differ on either side of the Dingo Barrier Fence
Authors: Mills Charlotte H. , Wijas Baptiste , Gordon Christopher E. , Lyons Mitchell , Feit Anna , Wilkinson Aodan , Letnic Mike 
Published: February 2021

The 5500 km long dingo barrier fence (DBF) is a boundary at which the goal of dingo control programs shifts from management to elimination. Since 1980 ecologists have used the discrepancies in dingo densities across the DBF to study the ecological role of Australia’s largest terrestrial predator.
We used drone imagery, ground based shrub and tree counts, and camera trap footage to test our hypothesis that there are alternate states in plant, bird and mammal assemblages on either side of the DBF. We found that shrubs and trees were twice as dense where dingoes were rare, and 28 % of shrub and tree species, 78 % of mammal species, and 14 % of bird species recorded were significantly more likely to occur on one side of the DBF than the other.
We provide the first comprehensive snapshot of how flora and fauna assemblages differ across the DBF. This study adds to literature demonstrating that the removal of the dingo has led to profound shifts in the shrub, mammal and bird assemblages in arid Australia. Any expansion of dingo control in arid Australia must be considered against the far-reaching consequences for ecosystem assembly associated with the removal of a top predator.
Correlation between Fetal Renal Blood Flow and Fetal Kidney Volume in Normal and Growth Restricted Fetuses
Authors: Sonkor Noura Magdy , Aglan Diaa Mounir , Tawfek Amr Mohamed , Ataallah Walid Mamdouh 
Published: February 2021

Background: Some trials have shown decreased weight of fetal kidney in cases of reduced neonatal weight and infants with growth-restriction at birth. In infants with growth-restriction due to poor nutrition, most of the fetal blood supply is directed to vital organs such as fetal heart and brain that leads to deprivation of remaining organs from its nutrients, such as kidney. This work aimed to assess whether the size of fetal kidney in cases of normal and restricted fetal growth patterns after 28 weeks could be affected by reduced fetal renal blood supply or not.
Methods: This case-control trial included 60 patients who were divided into two groups: Each group composed of 30 patients; Study group: fetuses with IUGR and control group: fetuses with normal growth pattern.
Results: There was no significance between both study groups as regard to age, weight, BMI, and gravidity. No significance between the studied groups regarding the clinical findings, gestational age, diabetes, HTN, congenital fetal anomalies, and previous C.S. A high significance was present among both groups as regard to measurements of renal artery Doppler. A correlation of statistical significance was noted as regard Doppler indices and kidney volume in the study group.
Conclusions: The elevated pulsatility index of the renal artery of fetus in fetuses with IUGR showed -ve correlation with the volume of the fetal kidney, resulting in reduced nephron-genesis and perfusion. Restrictions in intrauterine growth are believed to be associated with a significant reduction in renal volume compared to the normal growth of fetuses. The Doppler of renal artery also reveals significant differences among study groups.
Outcome of Free Medial Sural Artery Perforator Flap (MSAP) for Head and Neck Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Met Analysis
Authors: Hosain M. M. 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Since first described by Cadavas, A free medial sural artery perforator flap (MSAP) is getting popularity day by day. Specially, where the micro surgeons are desired to have thin, pliable flap with long pedicle and less donor site morbidities. For its above-mentioned characteristics and good outcome, it is now considered as one of the workhorse flaps for head and neck reconstruction.
Aims and Objectives: The aim was to find out the feasibilities and versatilities of this flap as workhorse in head and neck reconstruction. As well as taking into consideration of its low donor site morbidities.
Methods: A literature search has been performed in July 2020 in various data base including Pub Med, Trip database, Medline and Google Scholler to find out the outcome of head and neck reconstruction with free MSAP Flap. Data then were tabulated and analysed using Microsoft Excel datasheet.
Results: The results were promising. Overall, flap survival rate was 95%. Mean flap dimension was 9.3 cm x5.5 cm. Average pedicle length was 10.5 cm. Mean flap thickness was 6mm. Overall complication rate was 16% including 6% wound related and 2% donor site complication. Most of the cases donor site have closed directly (87%).
Conclusion: Free MSAP Flap is an ideal workhorse flap for head and neck reconstruction. However, as most of the literatures were case series or personal experiences of surgeons, a multicentre trial with large sample can give us more information.
Evaluation of Local Corticosteroids Injection in Treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Sallam Mostafa Fersan , Gharbo Nabil Omar , Quolquela Muhammed Abd Elmoneam , Ramadan Mohammed Osama 
Published: February 2021

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common type of peripheral nerve entrapment; it affects females more than males; it may be idiopathic or secondary to other disorders especially diabetes mellitus. Carpal tunnel syndrome mostly affects manual workers and may be bilateral or unilateral and mainly affects the dominant hand. Carpal tunnel syndrome has characteristic symptoms and signs including paresthesia and pain along median nerve distribution, these symptoms are usually accompanied by positive provocative tests. Electrodiagnostic studies remain the cornerstone in the diagnosis of CTS. Carpal tunnel syndrome can be treated conservatively by activities of daily living instructions, splints, medical treatments as neurotropic drugs and NSAIDs and local steroid injection. Also, it can be treated by surgical decompression in severe cases.
Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate local steroid injection in the treatment of CTS. Twenty-one patients with mild and moderate CTS were included in this study.
Patients and Methods: This was a prospective study included 21 patients with symptoms and signs of mild to moderate CTS attending the outpatient clinic of orthopedic Department, Tanta University Hospitals in the period between February 2019- January 2020. 1 ml Triamcinolone was used with 2 ml lidocaine. Patient’ hand was rested on towel roll flexed about 30 to 45 degrees and injection was done according to landmarks. Night splint was described for 3 days after injection.
Results: In regards to clinical assessment; there was a significant clinical improvement after injection and follow-up period as compared to before injection. In regards to electrophysiological assessment; there was a significant improvement in NCS after injection.
Conclusion: Local steroid injection is an effective treatment and recommended as a therapeutic tool in the management of idiopathic mild to moderate CTS.
Tumor Acidity and Near‐Infrared Light Responsive Dual Drug Delivery Polydopamine‐Based Nanoparticles for Chemo‐Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Fan Rangrang , Chen Caili , Hou Huan , Chuan Di , Mu Min , Liu Zhiyong , Liang Ruichao , Guo Gang , Xu Jianguo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPhotothermal therapy (PTT) combined with chemotherapy, a promising strategy for breast cancer treatment, has a high potential to control drug release, reduce multidrug resistance, and improve therapeutic efficacy. The challenge is how to realize tumor ablation in deeper tissue and NIR‐controlled drug delivery. Herein, tumor acidity and near‐infrared light (NIR) responsive folic acid (FA) functionalized polydopamine (DPA) nanoparticles (NPs) are developed for doxorubicin (DOX) and epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) dual delivery. With the assistance of NIR, the cellular uptake of DOX‐EGCG/DPA‐FA NPs is about three‐ to sixfold higher when compared with the free DOX group and the control group without NIR irradiation. Moreover, biodistribution study in vivo indicates that DPA‐FA NPs can enhance tumoral accumulation, penetration, retention of drugs, and display a ≈4‐ and 19‐fold higher intra‐tumoral distribution than that of the DPA NPs and free drug groups at 24 h postinjection. Furthermore, 60% of breast cancer‐bearing mice survive over 70 days in the DOX‐EGCG/DPA‐FA NPs group. Additionally, DOX‐EGCG/DPA‐FA NPs can effectively boost therapeutic efficacy by inducing significant suppression of tumor growth and angiogenesis, and enhancement of apoptosis and necrosis of breast cancer cells. Taken together, DOX‐EGCG/DPA‐FA NPs may have potential applications as a useful nanoscale vector for enhanced cancer therapy.
Synthesis of Diversely Substituted Imidazolidines via [3+2] Cycloaddition of 1,3,5‐Triazinanes with Donor‐Acceptor Aziridines and Their Anti‐Tumor Activity
Authors: Shi Zhichao , Fan Tingting , Zhang Xun , Zhan Feng , Wang Zhe , Zhao Lei , Lin Jin‐Shun , Jiang Yuyang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA Y(OTf)3‐catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition of 1,3,5‐triazinanes with donor‐acceptor aziridines has been developed, accessing diversely substituted imidazolidines high efficiency. Mechanistic investigations support the formation of imidazolidines through an SN1‐like pathway. Furthermore, these imidazolidines exhibit promising anti‐tumor activity against a series of human cancer cell lines.magnified image
Rapid Synthesis of Functionalized Hydrocarbazolones via Indole C2−H Activation Using Enone Functionality as a Directing Group/Electrophilic Species
Authors: Yanagawa Mai , Harada Shingo , Hirose Shumpei , Nemoto Tetsuhiro 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHydrocarbazolones are a key structural unit in many natural bioactive compounds and are thus a valuable synthetic target. A rhodium‐catalyzed C−H functionalization reaction with acceptor/acceptor diazo compounds was developed for synthesizing 2,3‐fused indole variants. An α,β‐unsaturated enone was utilized as a directing group for site‐selective C−H activation and as an electrophile for the subsequent cyclization. Overall, the developed annulation enabled the rapid assembly of synthetically valuable hydrocarbazolones from readily available indoles. Additionally, computational investigations were conducted to elucidate the reaction pathway and rationalize the experimentally observed site‐selectivity.magnified image
Corn residue baling and grazing impacts on corn yield under irrigated conservation tillage systems
Authors: Ruis Sabrina J. , Burr Charles , Blanco‐Canqui Humberto , Olson Brian , Reiman Mark , Rudnick Daran , Baller Johnna , Hanford Kathryn 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCrop residue grazing or baling is common in the western Corn Belt. However, its impacts on subsequent crop yields under different irrigation levels and tillage systems are unclear. We investigated the impacts of corn (Zea mays L.) residue baling and cattle grazing on soil compaction, water content, and corn yield under full and limited irrigated no‐till in Nebraska during three years. In Years 2 and 3, an additional tillage treatment (strip till) was implemented to evaluate its effects on grain yield under the above treatments. Residue removal effects on compaction and water content did not vary with irrigation level. Grazing (3.68 animal units ha−1) minimally impacted compaction and soil profile water content compared to no removal. Baling increased cone index by 34–53% in the 0‐to‐12.5‐cm depth and decreased water content by 6 cm compared to no removal. Residue removal effects on yield did not depend on irrigation. Residue removal impacts depended on tillage in Year 3 only. Full irrigation increased corn yields up to 11% compared to limited irrigation. Strip till increased yield by 11% compared to no‐till in Year 2 only. Baling and grazing had no effect on corn yield in Year 1, but baling and grazing increased yield by 9% compared to no removal in Year 2, likely due to lower water content. In Year 3, grazing and baling increased yield by 9% under no‐till but not strip till. Overall, grazing had minimal impacts while baling increased yield and compaction and decreased water content with few variations due to irrigation or tillage.
Regulative Electronic States around Ruthenium/Ruthenium Disulphide Heterointerfaces for Efficient Water Splitting in Acidic Media
Authors: Zhu Jiawei , Guo Yao , Liu Fang , Xu Hanwen , Gong Lei , Shi Wenjie , Chen Ding , Wang Pengyan , Yang Yue , Zhang Chengtian , Wu Jinsong , Luo Jiahuan , Mu Shichun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTheoretical calculations unveil the charge redistribution over abundant interfaces and the enhanced electronic states of Ru/RuS2heterostructure. The resulting surface electron‐deficient Ru sites display optimized adsorption behavior toward diverse reaction intermediates, thereby reducing the thermodynamic energy barriers. Experimentally, for the first time the laminar Ru/RuS2heterostructure is rationally engineered by virtue of the synchronous reduction and sulfurization under eutectic salt system. Impressively, it exhibits extremely high catalytic activity for both OER (201 mV @ 10 mA cm−2) and HER (45 mV @ 10 mA cm−2) in acidic media due to favorable kinetics and excellent specific activity, consequently leading to a terrific performance in acidic overall water splitting devices (1.501 V @ 10 mA cm−2). The in‐depth insight into the internal activity origin of interfacial effect could offer precise guidance for the rational establishment of hybrid interfaces.
Possibly extreme, probably not: Is possibility theory the route for risk‐averse decision‐making?
Authors: Le Carrer Noémie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEnsemble forecasting has become popular in weather prediction to reflect the uncertainty about high‐dimensional, nonlinear systems with extreme sensitivity to initial conditions. By means of small strategical perturbations of the initial conditions, sometimes accompanied with stochastic parameterisation schemes of the atmosphere–ocean dynamical equations, ensemble forecasting aims at sampling possible future scenario and ideally at interpreting them in a Monte‐Carlo‐like approximation. Traditional probabilistic interpretations of ensemble forecasts do not take epistemic uncertainty into account nor the fact that ensemble predictions cannot always be interpreted in a density‐based manner due to the strongly nonlinear dynamics of the atmospheric system. As a result, probabilistic predictions are not always reliable, especially in the case of extreme events. In this work, we investigate whether relying on possibility theory, an uncertainty theory derived from fuzzy set theory and connected to imprecise probabilities, can circumvent these limitations. We show how it can be used to compute confidence intervals with guaranteed reliability, when a classical probabilistic postprocessing technique fails to do so in the case of extreme events. We illustrate our approach with an imperfect version of the Lorenz 96 model and demonstrate that it is promising for risk‐averse decision‐making.
Crowd‐sourced observations for short‐range numerical weather prediction: Report from EWGLAM/SRNWP Meeting 2019
Authors: Hintz Kasper S. , McNicholas Callie , Randriamampianina Roger , Williams Hywel T. P. , Macpherson Bruce , Mittermaier Marion , Onvlee‐Hooimeijer Jeanette , Szintai Balázs 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCrowd‐sourced observations (CSO) offer great potential for numerical weather prediction (NWP). This paper offers a synthesis of progress, challenges and opportunities in this area based on a special session of the EWGLAM Meeting in 2019, concentrating on high‐resolution limited‐area models (LAMs). Two main application areas of CSO are described: data assimilation and verification. One part of data assimilation developments concentrates on smartphone pressure observations, which represent a large volume of data. However, special care has to be taken about data protection and the quality of observations. In this paper, two examples are presented: the SMAPS experiment from Denmark and the uWx experiment from the United States. Another data assimilation topic is citizen observations with low‐cost weather sensors; here an example from Norway is presented using Netatmo stations. The other application area is the use of CSO for model verification. One novel method developed in the United Kingdom is applying social media data to detect severe weather events. This approach is especially important because one future application area of LAM NWP models is impact‐oriented warnings.
Disseminated Saprochaetecapitata fungal infection in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Duarte Delfim , Morais Cátia Iracema , Azevedo Rosa , Coelho Fernando , Martins Anabela , Pereira Brigitte , Coelho Sara , Domingues Nelson , Lebre Ana , Trigo Filipe , Romero Iracema , Guimarães Maria Augusta , Mariz José Mário , Faria Filomena 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe case highlights the importance of actively obtaining informative samples at an early stage and of prompt initiation of combination therapy with antifungal drugs.
Characterization of the Effect of Cell Design on Li−S Battery Resistance Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Kilic Aysegul , Eroglu Damla 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe effect of two critical cathode design parameters, electrolyte‐to‐sulfur (E/S) and carbon‐to‐sulfur (C/S) ratios, on the kinetic and transport resistances in a Li−S cell is determined as a function of discharge depth by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Electrolyte, charge transfer, and Li2S film resistances are identified as the major contributors to cell resistance. Both E/S and C/S ratios have a significant impact on cell resistance, predominantly at the early and final stages of discharge. The E/S ratio controls the cathode kinetics in the first plateau together with Li2S precipitation near the end of discharge. Consequently, the highest cell resistances are obtained for the cell with the lowest E/S ratio of 6 mL g−1. Increasing the E/S ratio up to 19 mL g−1 decreases the resistances considerably, no notable change is achieved after this point. On the other hand, the C/S ratio reflects a tradeoff between high electrochemically active surface area vs. sufficient and homogeneous S loading in the cathode. The minimum cell resistance is attained for the cell with C/S=1; any increase or decrease in the C/S ratio leads to higher resistances. The results suggest a mechanistic interpretation of the connection between cathode design and cell performance in Li−S batteries.