bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The spectrum of uveal effusion syndrome, medical therapy, and surgical treatment
Authors: Anguita Rodrigo , Marquez Juan Pablo , Roth Janice , Salinas Alejandro , Moya René 
Published: January 2021

Aims:
The aim of the study is to describe and evaluate the clinical features, multimodal imaging, differential diagnoses, treatment options, and visual outcomes in patients with diagnosis of uveal effusion syndrome (UES).

Materials and Methods:
This was a retrospective, observational case series of patients with diagnosis of UES. Variables analyzed included age, gender, medical history, initial and final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), clinical features, type of treatment, and follow-up.

Results:
We report three cases, consisting of 2 males and 1 female, aged 37, 58, and 72 years with the diagnosis of UES. One patient was treated with medical therapy (acetazolamide) and the other two were submited to surgical treatment including one case of two-thirds thickness sclerotomy and one case with subscleral sclerectomy. All cases had complete resolution of subretinal fluid (SRF). BCVA improved in two cases, while there was no improvement of BCVA in one case due to outer retina atrophy as a consequence of chronic SRF.

Conclusions:
The diagnosis of UES still remains a challenge for a clinician. It is essential to know the clinical features differential diagnosis and be familiarized with the different therapeutic approaches to establish accurate diagnosis and treatment.
VACCINATION WITH MMR MAY REDUCE DISEASE SEVERITY IN COVID-19 PATIENTS
Authors: Rasker Johannes J. , Linn-Rasker Suzanne P. 
Published: January 2021

We hypothesise that MMR vaccination is possibly a safe, cheap, effective and readily available method to reduce the severity of COVID-19 disease course in health care workers, elderly patients and other people at risk. The evidence is based on relevant literature. Suggestions for further studies are given.
Socio-Cultural Factors and Growth of Women-Owned Micro and Small Enterprises in Likuyani Sub County, Kakamega County
Authors: Sikolia Dorothy , Mathenge Rev. Dr.  Paul . , Ntale Dr. Joseph 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: This study focused on the social- cultural factors and growth of Micro and Small enterprises owned by women in Likuyani Sub County, Kakamega County, Kenya. The study sought to investigate the social –cultural factors that influence the growth of women-owned MSE enterprises in Likuyani sub County, Kakamega County, Kenya. The specific objectives for the study were :-To determine the influence of literacy on the Growth of women-owned MSEs in Likuyani Sub County, Kakamega County, determine the influence of discrimination on the Growth of women-owned MSEs in Likuyani Sub County, Kakamega County, find out the effects of domestic commitments on the Growth of women-owned MSEs in Likuyani Sub County, Kakamega County and to establish the influence of social networking on the Growth of women-owned MSEs in Likuyani Sub County, Kakamega County.Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive research design. The study targeted a population of 729 women-owned MSEs in Likuyani Sub County who were sampled using Stratified sampling to arrive at an adequate sample of 252 respondents. A structured questionnaire was used as a tool to collect primary data. Validity and reliability tests were done on the research tool through piloting before administration. The data collected was analyzed using quantitative analysis to produce descriptive statistics and inferential analysis to predict a study model.Findings: The study findings showed that; literacy, discrimination, domestic commitments and social networking, had a significant positive influence on the Growth of women-owned MSEs in Likuyani Sub County. In conclusion, the study revealed at 5% level of significance, 67.7% of variation in Growth of women-owned MSEs in Likuyani Sub County being explained by literacy levels, discrimination, domestic commitments, and social networking.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommended that; women in Kakamega County should seek to access basic secondary school education at minimum to attain some basic entrepreneurial skill and business skills access; the county government of Kakamega should take stringent measures for ensuring that section of the constitution of Kenya relating to gender equity and rights of women are keenly observed for eliminating discrimination; there should be equal sharing of domestic commitments and promotion of women rights through equal gender division of labour between husband and wife or within the family, women within the county should build strong social networking
Văn thơ Trần Quang Triều, chủ soái của Bích Động thi xã - Hội thơ đầu tiên của văn học trung đại Việt Nam
Authors: Hoàng Thị Thu Giang 
Published: January 2021

Trần Quang Triều là một danh sĩ có nhiều đóng góp cho nền văn học Quảng Ninh trung đại nói riêng và văn học Việt Nam nói chung. Ông chính là người sáng lập, là chủ soái của Bích Động thi xã - một trong những hội thơ sớm nhất của nền thi ca phong kiến Việt Nam. Nghiên cứu sự nghiệp văn thơ mà ông để lại giúp thế hệ hôm nay thêm hiểu rõ hơn về chủ soái của Bích Động thi xã - Hội thơ xuất hiện trước cả Tao đàn Nhị thập bát tú do vua Lê Thánh Tông sáng lập. Đó cũng là con đường để con cháu hôm nay hiểu rõ hơn về diện mạo tư tưởng, tinh thần của cha ông thuở trước.
Estimating maximum fine-fraction organic carbon in UK grasslands
Authors: Paterson Kirsty C. , Cloy Joanna M. , Rees Robert M. , Baggs Elizabeth M. , Martineau Hugh , Fornara Dario , Macdonald Andrew J. , Buckingham Sarah 
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration across
agroecosystems worldwide can contribute to mitigate the effects of climate
change by reducing levels of atmospheric CO2. Stabilisation of organic
carbon (OC) in the fine soil fraction (< 20 µm) is considered
an important long-term store of SOC, and the saturation deficit (difference
between measured OC and estimated maximum OC in the fine fraction) is
frequently used to assess SOC sequestration potential following the linear
regression equation developed by Hassink (1997). However, this approach is
often taken without any assessment of the fit of the equation to the soils
being studied. The statistical limitations of linear regression have
previously been noted, giving rise to the proposed use of boundary line (BL)
analysis and quantile regression (QR) to provide more robust estimates of maximum
SOC stabilisation. The objectives of this work were to assess the
suitability of the Hassink (1997) equation to estimate maximum fine-fraction OC in UK grassland soils of varying sward ages and to evaluate the
linear regression, boundary line and quantile regression methods to estimate
maximum fine-fraction OC. A chronosequence of 10 grasslands was sampled, in
order to assess the relationship between sward age (time since the last
reseeding event) and the measured and predicted maximum fine-fraction OC.
Significantly different regression equations show that the Hassink (1997)
equation does not accurately reflect maximum fine-fraction OC in UK
grasslands when determined using the proportion of the fine soil fraction
(< 20 µm, %) and measured fine-fraction OC (g C per kg soil). The QR estimate of maximum SOC stabilisation was almost double that of the linear regression and BL analysis (0.89 ± 0.074, 0.43 ± 0.017
and 0.57 ± 0.052 g C per kg soil, respectively). Sward age had an
inconsistent effect on the measured variables and potential maximum fine-fraction OC. Fine-fraction OC across the grasslands made up 4.5 % to 55.9 %
of total SOC, implying that there may be either high potential for
additional C sequestration in the fine fraction of these soils or that
protection in aggregates is predominant in these grassland soils. This work
highlights the need to ensure that methods used to predict maximum fine-fraction OC reflect the soil in situ, resulting in more accurate assessments of
carbon sequestration potential.
Retrieval and validation of forest background reflectivity from daily Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) data across European forests
Authors: Pisek Jan , Erb Angela , Korhonen Lauri , Biermann Tobias , Carrara Arnaud , Cremonese Edoardo , Cuntz Matthias , Fares Silvano , Gerosa Giacomo , Grünwald Thomas , Hase Niklas , Heliasz Michal , Ibrom Andreas , Knohl Alexander , Kobler Johannes , Kruijt Bart , Lange Holger , Leppänen Leena , Limousin Jean-Marc , Serrano Francisco Ramon Lopez , Loustau Denis , Lukeš Petr , Lundin Lars , Marzuoli Riccardo , Mölder Meelis , Montagnani Leonardo , Neirynck Johan , Peichl Matthias , Rebmann Corinna , Rubio Eva , Santos-Reis Margarida , Schaaf Crystal , Schmidt Marius , Simioni Guillaume , Soudani Kamel , Vincke Caroline 
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Information about forest background reflectance is needed for accurate biophysical parameter retrieval from forest canopies (overstory)
with remote sensing. Separating under- and overstory signals would enable
more accurate modeling of forest carbon and energy fluxes. We retrieved
values of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of the forest understory with the multi-angular Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF)/albedo data (gridded 500 m daily Collection 6 product), using a method originally developed for boreal forests. The forest floor background reflectance estimates from the MODIS data were compared with in situ understory reflectance measurements carried out at an extensive set of forest ecosystem experimental sites across Europe. The reflectance estimates from MODIS data were, hence, tested across diverse forest conditions and phenological phases during the growing season to examine their applicability for ecosystems other than boreal forests. Here we report that the method can deliver good retrievals, especially over different forest types with open canopies (low foliage cover). The performance of the method was found to be limited over forests with closed canopies (high foliage cover), where the signal from understory becomes too attenuated. The spatial heterogeneity of individual field sites and the limitations and documented quality of the MODIS BRDF product are shown to be important for the correct assessment and validation of the retrievals obtained with remote sensing.
GOCO06s – a satellite-only global gravity field model
Authors: Kvas Andreas , Brockmann Jan Martin , Krauss Sandro , Schubert Till , Gruber Thomas , Meyer Ulrich , Mayer-Gürr Torsten , Schuh Wolf-Dieter , Jäggi Adrian , Pail Roland 
Published: January 2021

Abstract. GOCO06s is the latest satellite-only global gravity field model computed by the GOCO (Gravity Observation Combination) project.
It is based on over a billion observations acquired over 15 years from 19 satellites with different complementary observation principles.
This combination of different measurement techniques is key in providing consistently high accuracy and best possible spatial resolution of the
Earth's gravity field. The motivation for the new release was the availability of reprocessed observation data for the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE),
updated background models, and substantial improvements in the processing chains of the individual contributions.
Due to the long observation period, the model consists not only of a static gravity field, but comprises additionally modeled temporal variations.
These are represented by time-variable spherical harmonic coefficients, using a deterministic model for a regularized trend and annual oscillation. The main focus within the GOCO combination process is on the proper handling of the stochastic behavior of the input data.
Appropriate noise modeling for the observations used results in realistic accuracy information for the derived gravity field solution.
This accuracy information, represented by the full variance–covariance matrix, is
extremely useful for further combination with, for example, terrestrial gravity data
and is published together with the solution. The primary model data consisting of potential coefficients
representing Earth's static gravity field, together with
secular and annual variations, are available on the International Centre for Global Earth Models (http://icgem.gfz-potsdam.de/, last access: 11 June 2020).
This data set is identified with the following DOI: https://doi.org/10.5880/ICGEM.2019.002 (Kvas et al., 2019b). Supplementary material consisting of the full
variance–covariance matrix of the static potential coefficients and estimated co-seismic mass changes is
available at https://ifg.tugraz.at/GOCO (last access: 11 June 2020).
Cervantean Satire, Realism, and the Eighteenth-Century British Novel
Authors: Ruiz José Luis de Ramón 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this article, I offer a reading of an episode in part II, chapter 44, of Miguel de Cervantes’s Don Quixote. The tearing of the protagonist’s stocking during his sojourn in the palace of the duke and duchess, I argue, produces an instance of realism as an affirmation of the outside world that signals the defeat of the chivalric hero and compromises the satirical enterprise in the palace. I end by comparing Cervantes’s use of the torn stocking to produce realism with two similar scenes, one in Samuel Richardson’s Pamela and the other in Laurence Sterne’s Tristram Shandy. Despite their different aesthetic propositions, these three novels share the use of seemingly irrelevant circumstances, such as the tearing of a stocking, to ground the objectives of certain fantastic projects in the realm of the normative. This comparison illustrates the importance of looking not only at how texts are classified but also at how specific literary worlds are constructed when accounting for the relationship among early realist novels.
EL ECOSISTEMA DE UNA EMPRESA RESILIENTE: EL CASO DE LA PEQUEÑA Y MEDIANA EMPRESA EN EL OCCIDENTE DE HONDURAS
Authors: Miranda Jorge Evelio 
Published: January 2021

En esta investigación se presenta un estudio analítico que se deriva del contraste entre los diferentes elementos y características que conforman el ecosistema empresarial de las PYMES en el Occidente de Honduras. Organizaciones cuyas particularidades difieren significativamente con los principios teóricos, generalmente aceptados, a pesar de que hay factores desfavorables estas empresas logran desarrollar resiliencia. El entramado en donde operan las organizaciones catalogadas como pequeñas y medianas empresas es complejo en comparación con las grandes empresas. No obstante, ciertos emprendedores logran superar estas diferencias gracias a una idiosincrasia que se basa en la entrega y constancia.
El análisis situacional de este problema científico se ha obtenido por medio de la aplicación de un cuestionario semiestructurado dividido en tres apartados: la estructura del ecosistema empresarial, la caracterización de los emprendedores que dan vida a las PYMES objeto de estudio, y el desarrollo de resiliencia de estas organizaciones. En tal sentido, identifica las principales características de supervivencia y gran capacidad de adaptación de las PYMES en su entorno. Describiendo como una empresa resiliente puede ser comparable con una flor de loto que crecen lento, pero con determinación, aún y en medio de un fango lleno de crisis y hostilidad.
Overgangsrecht in het Arubaanse recht
Authors: Vleeming-Tromp N. 
Published: January 2021

Overgangsrecht in het Arubaanse recht
Wat is overgangsrecht en welke vormen van overgangsrecht zijn er? In dit artikel wordt op basis van dossieronderzoek het gebruik van het overgangsrecht in Aruba beschreven. Geconstateerd kan worden dat over de vraag of overgangsrecht noodzakelijk is en in welke vorm dit vormgegeven moet worden zeker is nagedacht in verschillende dossiers. Of dat in alle gevallen zo is, valt moeilijk te zeggen. Het vaststellen van overgangsrecht is en blijft maatwerk en is niet alleen afhankelijk van juridische argumenten, maar is zeker ook gebaseerd op uitvoeringstechnische aspecten en politieke overwegingen.
2020/45 Non-Seafarers Work Clause: contributing to better employment conditions or not? (NL)
Authors: Hagendoorn Erick 
Published: January 2021

2020/45 Non-Seafarers Work Clause: contributing to better employment conditions or not? (NL)
In a summary proceeding, the Court of Rotterdam has held that it is not clear whether the Non-Seafarers Work Clause, prohibiting lashing work on board of container ships being carried out by the crew, does indeed contribute to better employment and/or working conditions of seafarers. As a result of which the Clause – at this time – cannot be held to be outside the scope of competition law and the claim for compliance with the provision has been rejected. In the media, unions have stated that they will continue to enforce compliance with the Non-Seafarers Work Clause. It remains to be seen whether a court in main proceedings will reach a similar verdict.
Wetsvoorstellen voor een eerlijke economie
Authors: Devilee J.E. 
Published: January 2021

Wetsvoorstellen voor een eerlijke economie
In deze bijdrage worden twee van de drie wetsvoorstellen voor een ‘eerlijke economie’ aan een kritische evaluatie onderworpen. Uit de historische en actuele schets die volgt, blijkt dat de wens om tot versterking van de positie van werknemers te komen bijzonder toepasselijk is in het huidige tijdsgewricht, waarin de factor arbeid op verschillende niveaus aan betekenis heeft ingeboet.
De digitale algemene vergadering binnen Nederlandse beursvennootschappen: een volwaardig alternatief?
Authors: Öncü I. 
Published: January 2021

De digitale algemene vergadering binnen Nederlandse beursvennootschappen: een volwaardig alternatief?
Zowel in de praktijk als in de literatuur leeft de vraag of de digitale aandeelhoudersvergadering als volwaardig alternatief kan dienen voor de klassieke (fysieke) algemene vergadering. In dit artikel concludeert de auteur dat dit slechts bij een kleine groep beursvennootschappen het geval is. Deze vennootschappen waarborgen namelijk dat ieder aandeelhoudersrecht behouden blijft wanneer digitaal wordt vergaderd.
De relatieve betekenis van de Grondwet voor de wetgever
Authors: Sillen J.J.J. 
Published: January 2021

De relatieve betekenis van de Grondwet voor de wetgever. Een beschouwing over de Nederlandse juridische grondwetscultuur in de twintigste eeuw
De vraag naar de betekenis van de Grondwet voor de wetgever wordt meestal beantwoord met verwijzing naar haar bindende kracht, het toetsingsverbod en de veelvuldige delegatie aan de wetgever. De conclusie is vervolgens dat de Grondwet de wetgever veel vrijheid laat. Ik ben het eens met die conclusie, maar betoog dat deze argumentatie niet het hele verhaal vertelt. Wat ontbreekt is de rol van de Nederlandse grondwetscultuur. Drie elementen van die cultuur worden besproken: het bindende karakter van de Grondwet voor de wetgever, grondwetsinterpretatie en het ontbreken van een visie op welke normen in de Grondwet thuishoren.
De wetgever die tot zichzelf sprak
Authors: Munneke S.A.J. 
Published: January 2021

De wetgever die tot zichzelf sprak. Over de binding van de wetgever aan procedurele, wettelijke normen
In deze bijdrage wordt de vraag besproken of de wetgever in formele zin gebonden is aan eerdere eigen wetgeving die extra procedurele eisen aan het wetgevingsproces bevat. Die vraag wordt, met een beroep op de autonomie van de wetgever, ontkennend beantwoord. Dat geldt ook als die procedurele wetgeving uitwerking geeft aan grondwettelijke normen. Wel kan de organieke wet een hulpmiddel zijn bij de interpretatie van de achterliggende grondwettelijke norm. Aan die norm is de wetgever uiteraard wel gebonden.
Witwassen als bedrijfsmatige activiteit: de verborgen netwerken van witwassers
Authors: Kramer Jo-Anne , Blokland Arjan , Soudijn Melvin 
Published: January 2021

Laundering money as business: the covert networks of professional money launderers
The Financial Action Task Force reported that money launderers may operate in professional money laundering networks. Whether such money laundering networks operate in the Netherlands is unclear. In this article the authors therefore explore whether professional money launderers collaborate in network structures and the business-like manner in which they offer their services. Business-like refers to their involvement in multiple cases, the amount of repeat customers, and excludes family relations. The research is based on Dutch police registrations of 236 professional money launderers. Our results suggest that professional money laundering networks are indeed active in the Netherlands and that money launderers in these networks offer their services in a business-like manner to a varying extent. An important caveat to the current findings is that the criminal cases analyzed predominantly pertain drug-related offenses, leaving the existence and professionalism of money laundering networks in other types of crime, like large-scale fraud, a question open for future research.
Een netwerkbenadering van de prostitutiesector in Noord-Nederland op basis van politie­registraties
Authors: Hiemstra Johan , Huitsing Gijs , Dijkstra Jan Kornelis 
Published: January 2021

A network approach to the prostitution sector in the northern Netherlands using police registrations
The aim of this study was to investigate the scale and network structure of prostitution in the northern provinces of the Netherlands. This study tries to answer three research questions – using a social network analysis – about (1) the size of the prostitution network, (2) the formation of subgroups, and (3) key positions within the networks. The findings show that approximately two thirds of the researched prostitution networks is still unregistered, while there are indications that the outcome of the estimate is in line with the actual situation. Furthermore, results show that prostitutes have a tendency to form subgroups on the basis of the same nationality, which indicates that homophily plays a role in the formation of subgroups. The identification of the actors who occupy key positions in the network were based on the key player problem (KPP). A striking finding was that organizers of prostitution (such as pimps) did not have a central position in the networks. These findings provide insight into the way in which prostitution is registered, and provide points of departure for interventions to disrupt the network or, on the contrary, to strengthen it.
Levitational Cell Cytometry for Forensics
Authors: Urey Deniz Yagmur , Chan Hsi‐Min , Durmus Naside Gozde 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHere, a method for label‐free, real‐time interrogation, monitoring, detection, and sorting of biological rare cells in magnetically suspended heterogeneous samples is developed. To achieve this, heterogeneous populations of cells are levitated and confined in a microcapillary channel. This strategy enables spatiotemporal differential magnetic levitation of rare fragile dead cells equilibrating at different heights based on the balance between magnetic and corrected gravitational forces. In addition, the sorting of fragile rare dead cell populations is monitored in real‐time. This technique provides a broadly applicable label‐free tool for high resolution, real‐time research, as well as forensic evidence processing of rape kits. This method is validated with forensic mock samples dating back to 2003, isolating sperm from epithelial cells (E. cells) with >90% efficiency and >97% purity. Overall, this method reduces the processing time by over 20‐fold down to 20 min, eliminating centrifugation and labels, and providing an inexpensive and high‐yield alternative to the current centrifuge‐based differential extraction techniques. It can potentially facilitate the forensic downstream genomic analyses, accelerating the identification of suspects, and advancing public safety.