bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical performance in seawater and microstructural evolution of friction stir welded joints of dissimilar AA1050 and AZ91D
Authors: Kayode O. , Akinlabi E.T. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper presents the electrochemical performance and microstructural evolution of friction stir welded joint of dissimilar AA1050 and AZ91D in seawater, for potential applications in the transportation industry. The corrosion behavior of the dissimilar weld was compared to the corrosion behavior of the parent materials, and similar welds of each alloy. The experiments were successfully conducted with an H13 hot‐working tool steel in butt‐joint configuration. The results revealed the presence of intercalated microstructure in the dissimilar weld and homogenous microstructures in the similar welds. The corrosion resistance properties of the parent materials and similar welds were higher than that of the dissimilar weld sample. The dissimilar weld has a current density of 3.83×10−5 A/cm2 and corrosion rate of 9.99×10−4 mm/year; and is most susceptible to corrosion, due to the galvanic coupling between the dissimilar alloys and intermetallic compounds. The similar weld of AA1050 has a current density of 1.99×10−7 A/cm2 and corrosion rate of 1.44×10−3 mm/year, while the similar weld of AZ91D has a current density of 8.58×10−6 A/cm2 and corrosion rate of 1.13×10−1 mm/year.
Influence of microstructural defects and the surface topography on the fatigue behavior of “additively‐subtractively” manufactured specimens made of AISI 316L
Authors: Blinn B. , Greco S. , Smaga M. , Zimmermann M. , Hotz H. , Müller D. , Hartig J. , Kirsch B. , Aurich J.C. , Beck T. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAs additive manufacturing offers only low surface quality, a subsequent machining of functional and highly loaded areas is required. Thus, a sound knowledge of the interrelation between the additive and subtractive manufacturing process as well as the resulting mechanical properties is indispensable. In this work, specimens were manufactured by using laser‐based powder bed fusion (L‐PBF) with substantially different sets of process parameters as well as subsequent grinding (G) or milling (M). Despite the substantially different surface topographies, the fatigue tests revealed only a slight influence of the subtractive manufacturing on the fatigue behavior, whereas the different laser‐based powder bed fusion process parameters led to pronounced changes in fatigue strength. In contrast, a significant influence of subtractive finishing on the fatigue properties of the defect‐free continuously cast (CC) reference specimens was observed. This can be explained by a dominating influence of process‐induced defects in laser‐based powder bed fusion material, which overruled the influence of surface machining. However, although both laser‐based powder bed fusion parameter sets resulted in substantial defects, one set yielded similar fatigue strength compared to continuously cast specimens.
Triethanolamine assisted sol‐gel approach for obtaining two‐dimensional magnesium aluminate nanosheets
Authors: Sharifi E. Mohammad , Shakeri J. , Sheikh H. , Alhaji A. , Loghman‐Estarki M.R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAqueous‐phase synthetic route was applied for the preparation of magnesium aluminate spinel nanosheets with two‐dimensional nanostructure through a sol‐gel combustion approach, where triethanolamine was employed as a complexing agent and fuel. Results demonstrate that the as‐synthesized two‐dimensional nanosheets are well crystallized and show high purity. The pure magnesium aluminate nanoparticles with an average crystallite size of 25 nanometers were obtained at 1200 °C. Also, the two‐dimensional magnesium aluminate powder contain nanosheets with thicknesses in the 20 nanometers–30 nanometers range, and the lateral size is in the range of ∼10 micrometers–30 micrometers.
The Spectrum of Movement Disorders in Cases with Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome
Authors: Sindhu Dodmalur Mallikarjuna , Holla Vikram V. , Prasad Shweta , Kamble Nitish , Netravathi Manjunath , Yadav Ravi , Pal Pramod K. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundOsmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) can be a central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) and extrapontine myelinolysis (EPM) based on the regions involved even though they share the same disease process, aetiopathogenesis and time course.ObjectivesPresent study aims to characterize the clinical, radiological features and the outcome of patients with ODS with movement disorders as the forthcoming manifestation.MethodsChart review of patients with ODS with movement disorders. Demographic, clinical and radiological details of the patients were reviewed.ResultsEleven patients (six females; mean age: 48.3 ± 17.6 years) were included in the study. Parkinsonism alone and parkinsonism with dystonia was noted in four patients each (36.4%) while dystonia alone was noted in the other 3 (27.3%). Five patients (45.5%) had postural tremors. While 5 patients had dystonia early in the course of illness (3–7 days), it was delayed (6–9 months) in the other 2. A triphasic course was noted in two patients. The first phase of hyponatremia induced neurological impairment was followed by a second phase of worsening due to the immediate effect of ODS and a third delayed phase of worsening due to delayed effect of ODS. MRI showed both EPM and CPM in eight patients, EPM alone in two patients and CPM alone in 1 patient. Nine patients had a good outcome with mRS < 3.ConclusionParkinsonism and dystonia are important manifestations of ODS. Triphasic course with a delayed phase of worsening of movement disorders is probably due to the maladaptive neuronal repair. The concept of triphasic ODS is first being described in our series.
High‐performance P(VDF‐TrFE)/BaTiO3 nanocomposite based ferroelectric field effect transistor (FeFET) for memory and switching applications
Authors: Valiyaneerilakkal Uvais , Cherumannil Karumuthil Subash , Singh Kulwant , Bhanuprakash Loksani , Komaragiri Rama , Varghese Soney 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe ferroelectric field effect transistor (FeFET) using Poly (vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene)/Barium titanate [P(VDF‐TrFE)/BaTiO3] polymer nanocomposite as dielectric layer, has been fabricated and characterized. P(VDF‐TrFE)/BaTiO3 nanocomposite of 300 nm thin film over 10 nm SiO2 was used in the optimized fabrication process sequence of FeFET. The addition of BaTiO3 nanoparticle to the P(VDF‐TrFE) copolymer has enhanced the ferroelectric property with an observed 2 V difference in memory window. The effect of temperature and frequency on these memory window characteristics were observed to optimized the stack thickness for an ideal FeCAP (ferroelectric capacitor). Drain current–drain voltage (ID‐VD) characteristics of P(VDF‐TrFE)/BaTiO3 FeFET shows significant variation in ID with pinch of voltage around 1 V for wide range of gate voltage (VG). ION/IOFF ratio of FeFET using P(VDF‐TrFE)/BaTiO3 was found to be 35, which was higher than the ratio of FeFET fabricated using P(VDF‐TrFE) copolymer (4.4). ID‐VG characteristics of both the FETs clearly indicate a lower threshold voltage (0.83 V) for P(VDF‐TrFE)/BaTiO3 FET, which is almost three times lesser than threshold voltage of a P(VDF‐TrFE) FET (2.5 V).
Intervention to reduce unnecessary urinary catheter use in a large academic health science centre: A one‐group, pretest, posttest study with a theory‐based process evaluation
Authors: Backman Chantal , Wooller Krista R. , Hasimja‐Saraqini Delvina , Demery Varin Melissa , Crick Michelle , Cho‐Young Danielle , Freeman Lisa , Delaney Lori , Squires Janet E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate an intervention to reduce unnecessary urinary catheter use and prevent catheter‐associated urinary‐tract infections (CAUTI) in hospitalized patients across an academic health science centre.MethodsWe conducted a one‐group, pretest, posttest study with a theory‐based process evaluation. Phase 1 consisted of a pre/postintervention to test the impact of a CAUTI protocol. Audits on four units were conducted, and data were analysed descriptively. Phase 2 consisted of a theory‐based process evaluation to understand the barriers/enablers to the implementation. Semistructured interviews were conducted and then analysed using a systematic approach.ResultsIn Phase 1, all inpatients with urinary catheters admitted to the units (N = 4) during the study period (N = 99, pre) and (N = 99, post) were included. CAUTI prevalence rate was 18.2% pre versus 14.1% post (p = .563). In Phase 2, participants (N = 18) who worked on the units were interviewed, and a total of 13 barriers and 19 enablers were found.
High‐performance work systems, multiple commitments, and knowledge exchange and combination among Chinese public hospital nurses
Authors: Zhang Bo , Tang Fangcheng , Sun Bo , Niu Yi , Tang Zhisong , Sun Xiangdong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimThis research explores and examines the differentiated mediation roles of multi‐foci commitment in the relationship between HPWS and knowledge exchange and combination among Chinese hospital nurses.DesignThis study employs a quantitative research approach and survey design.MethodsIndividual‐level time‐lagged data were collected from 845 nurses in public hospitals in China using online questionnaires. Aside from personal information, the items in the questionnaires were adopted from mature scales in previous research.ResultsThe results of multiple regression analysis demonstrate that nurses’ professional and affective commitments partially mediate the relationship between HPWS and KEC. Nurses’ continuance commitment does not play a mediation role in HPWS‐KEC relationship, although HPWS positively influences nurse continuance commitment, which then weakly and positively impacts KEC.
A comprehensive review on natural fiber/nano‐clay reinforced hybrid polymeric composites: Materials and technologies
Authors: Rajeshkumar G. , Seshadri S. Arvindh , Ramakrishnan S. , Sanjay M. R. , Siengchin Suchart , Nagaraja K. C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe utilization of sustainable natural fibers as green filler/reinforcement material for producing polymeric composites is substantially improved due to increase in the perception of ecological safety and usage of biodegradable and renewable materials toward a green environment. These natural fibers are obtained from various sources and are reinforced in the polymer matrices to produce polymer matrix composites. However, the overall properties of these composites are low when compared to that of the synthetic fiber‐based composites due to poor interfacial bonding between the hydrophilic natural fiber and hydrophobic polymers. This deficiency can be addressed by incorporating the nano‐clay in the natural fiber composites. The nano‐clay added composites offer improved properties because of enrichment in the interfacial bonding between the matrix and reinforcement materials. Furthermore, the nano‐clay has the ability to increase both flexibility and rigidity of the natural fiber in a single step. This review article presents the information about different varieties and properties of natural fibers, polymers, nano‐clays, and nano‐clay added natural fiber composites with specific concern to their mechanical properties. This article also focuses on possible future paths for this emerging area of research.
Sensitivity analyses of unmeasured and partially‐measured confounders using multiple imputation in a vaccine safety study
Authors: Xu Stanley , Clarke Christina L. , Newcomer Sophia R. , Daley Matthew F. , Glanz Jason M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeSensitivity analyses have played an important role in pharmacoepidemiology studies using electronic health records data. Despite the existence of quantitative bias analysis in pharmacoepidemiologic studies, simultaneously adjusting for unmeasured and partially measured confounders is challenging in vaccine safety studies. Our objective was to develop a flexible approach for conducting sensitivity analyses of unmeasured and partially‐measured confounders concurrently for a vaccine safety study.MethodsWe derived conditional probabilities for an unmeasured confounder based on bias parameters, used these conditional probabilities and Monte Carlo simulations to impute the unmeasured confounder, and re‐constructed the analytic datasets as if the unmeasured confounder had been observed. We simultaneously imputed a partially measured confounder using a prediction model. We considered unmeasured breastfeeding and partially measured family history of Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) in a study examining the association between exposure to rotavirus vaccination and T1DM.ResultsBefore sensitivity analyses, the hazard ratios (HR) were 1.50 (95% CI, 0.81–2.77) for those partially exposed and 1.03 (95% CI, 0.62–1.72) for those fully exposed with unexposed children as the referent group. When breastfeeding and family history of T1DM were adjusted, the HR was 1.55 (95% CI, 0.84–2.87) for the partially exposed group; the HR was 0.98 (95% CI, 0.58–1.63) for the fully exposed group.ConclusionsWe conclude that adjusting for unmeasured breastfeeding and partially measured family history of T1DM did not alter the conclusion that there was no evidence of association between rotavirus vaccination and developing T1DM. This novel approach allows for simultaneous adjustment for multiple unmeasured and partially‐measured confounders.
Directionally sensitive weighted adaptive multivariate CUSUM mean charts
Authors: Haq Abdul , Sohrab Komal , Khoo Michael B. C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn many service and manufacturing industries, process monitoring involves multivariate data, instead of univariate data. In these situations, multivariate charts are employed for process monitoring. Very often when the mean vector shifts to an out‐of‐control situation, the exact shift size is unknown; hence, multivariate charts for monitoring a range of the mean shift sizes in the mean vector are adopted. In this paper, directionally sensitive weighted adaptive multivariate CUSUM charts are developed for monitoring a range of the mean shift sizes. Directionally sensitive charts are useful in situations where the aim lies in monitoring either an increasing or a decreasing shift in the mean vector of the quality characteristics of interest. The Monte Carlo simulation is used to compute the run length characteristics in comparing the sensitivities of the proposed and existing multivariate CUSUM charts. In general, the directionally sensitive and weighted adaptive features enhance the sensitivities of the proposed multivariate CUSUM charts in comparison with the existing multivariate CUSUM charts without the adaptive feature or those that are directionally invariant. It is also found that the variable sampling interval feature enhances the sensitivities of the proposed and existing charts as compared to their fixed sampling interval counterparts. The implementation of the proposed charts in detecting upward and downward shifts in the in‐control process mean vector is demonstrated using two different datasets.
Robust stability criteria for linear impulsive delay systems
Authors: Shao Hanyong , Yuan Guangxia , Han Qing‐Long 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article is concerned with robust stability for linear impulsive delay systems with polytope uncertainties. For the linear impulsive delay systems without uncertainties, the stability is addressed by employing a Lyapunov‐Krasovskii‐like functional, which is comprised of a Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional and an auxiliary functional. By introducing integrals of the state, an augmented Lyapunov‐Krasovskii‐like functional is constructed. With an integral inequality proposed to deal with the derivative of the Lyapunov‐Krasovskii‐like functional, a stability criterion is derived for the impulsive delay system. Then the stability criterion is extended to linear impulsive delay systems with polytope uncertainties, and a robust stability criterion is obtained. Examples are given to illustrate the stability results are valid or of less conservatism than some existing ones.
Deep Learning‐Enhanced Nanopore Sensing of Single‐Nanoparticle Translocation Dynamics
Authors: Tsutsui Makusu , Takaai Takayuki , Yokota Kazumichi , Kawai Tomoji , Washio Takashi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNoise is ubiquitous in real space that hinders detection of minute yet important signals in electrical sensors. Here, the authors report on a deep learning approach for denoising ionic current in resistive pulse sensing. Electrophoretically‐driven translocation motions of single‐nanoparticles in a nano‐corrugated nanopore are detected. The noise is reduced by a convolutional auto‐encoding neural network, designed to iteratively compare and minimize differences between a pair of waveforms via a gradient descent optimization. This denoising in a high‐dimensional feature space is demonstrated to allow detection of the corrugation‐derived wavy signals that cannot be identified in the raw curves nor after digital processing in frequency domains under the given noise floor, thereby enabled in‐situ tracking to electrokinetic analysis of fast‐moving single‐ and double‐nanoparticles. The ability of the unlabeled learning to remove noise without compromising temporal resolution may be useful in solid‐state nanopore sensing of protein structure and polynucleotide sequence.
An Evaluation of Body‐grip Trap Trigger Configurations for Reducing River Otter Take Incidental to Beaver Trapping
Authors: Sundelius Alec J. , Forman Nicholas , Roberts Nathan M. , Rossler Shawn T. , Ruid David B. , Willging Robert C. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTRiver otter (Lontra canadensis) populations in North America have been the focus of significant restoration efforts. Wildlife management agencies, concerned about the unintentional take of river otters incidental to beaver (Castor canadensis) trapping, may recommend techniques to avoid capturing river otters. River otter avoidance techniques that are ineffective or diminish trap performance for beavers are undesirable. We conducted a field evaluation in 2015 and 2016 in Wisconsin to assess how two trigger configurations (offset and center) on body‐grip traps would affect the incidental capture rate of river otters during beaver trapping. We also evaluated effects of each configuration on beaver capture rates, body lengths, and anatomical locations of trap‐jaw strikes. We used size 330 body‐grip traps equipped with identical triggers and alternated between trigger configurations during beaver damage management activities. We captured 8 river otters with each trap trigger configuration. Trap‐jaw strikes on beavers differed between trigger configurations, with offset triggers resulting in more abdomen strikes and center triggers causing more cervical vertebrae strikes. We found that an offset trigger configuration did not reduce incidental take of otters and was less effective for trapping beavers. © 2021 The Wildlife Society. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Logarithmic corrections to black hole entropy in matter coupled $$ \mathcal{N} $$ ≥ 1 Einstein-Maxwell supergravity
Authors: Karan Sudip , Panda Binata 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe calculate the first three Seeley-DeWitt coefficients for fluctuation of the massless fields of a$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 2 Einstein-Maxwell supergravity theory (EMSGT) distributed into different multiplets ind= 4 space-time dimensions. By utilizing the Seeley-DeWitt data in the quantum entropy function formalism, we then obtain the logarithmic correction contribution of individual multiplets to the entropy of extremal Kerr-Newman family of black holes. Our results allow us to find the logarithmic entropy corrections for the extremal black holes in a fully matter coupled$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 2, d= 4 EMSGT, in a particular class of$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 1,d= 4 EMSGT as consistent decomposition of$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 2 multiplets ($$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 2 →$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 1) and in$$ \mathcal{N} $$N≥ 3, d= 4 EMSGTs by decomposing them into$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 2 multiplets ($$ \mathcal{N} $$N≥ 3 →$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 2). For completeness, we also obtain logarithmic entropy correction results for the non-extremal Kerr-Newman black holes in the matter coupled$$ \mathcal{N} $$N≥ 1, d= 4 EMSGTs by employing the same Seeley-DeWitt data into a different Euclidean gravity approach developed in [17].
A comparison of optimisation algorithms for high-dimensional particle and astrophysics applications
Authors:   The DarkMachines High Dimensional Sampling Group, Balázs Csaba , van Beekveld Melissa , Caron Sascha , Dillon Barry M. , Farmer Ben , Fowlie Andrew , Garrido-Merchán Eduardo C. , Handley Will , Hendriks Luc , Jóhannesson Guðlaugur , Leinweber Adam , Mamužić Judita , Martinez Gregory D. , Otten Sydney , de Austri Roberto Ruiz , Scott Pat , Searle Zachary , Stienen Bob , Vanschoren Joaquin , White Martin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOptimisation problems are ubiquitous in particle and astrophysics, and involve locating the optimum of a complicated function of many parameters that may be computationally expensive to evaluate. We describe a number of global optimisation algorithms that are not yet widely used in particle astrophysics, benchmark them against random sampling and existing techniques, and perform a detailed comparison of their performance on a range of test functions. These include four analytic test functions of varying dimensionality, and a realistic example derived from a recent global fit of weak-scale supersymmetry. Although the best algorithm to use depends on the function being investigated, we are able to present general conclusions about the relative merits of random sampling, Differential Evolution, Particle Swarm Optimisation, the Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy, Bayesian Optimisation, Grey Wolf Optimisation, and the PyGMO Artificial Bee Colony, Gaussian Particle Filter and Adaptive Memory Programming for Global Optimisation algorithms.
Previous obstetrical history does not impact short-term mid-urethral sling outcomes
Authors: Dyrkorn Ole Aleksander , Staff Anne Cathrine , Kulseng-Hanssen Sigurd , Svenningsen Rune 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Introduction and hypothesis
Pregnancy and delivery are known risk factors for stress and mixed urinary incontinence. The most common surgical treatment is mid-urethral sling (MUS) surgery. This study evaluated the potential impact of the obstetrical history on the short-term subjective and objective failure rates after MUS surgery.

Methods
A registry-based surgical cohort study using data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN) and the national Norwegian Female Incontinence Registry (NFIR). Data from 14,787 women that underwent MUS surgery from 1998 to 2016 with complete registrations in the MBRN were included. Outcomes were 6–12-month postoperative subjective and objective failure rates. The potential impact of obstetrical and constitutional factors on both outcomes was tested in a multivariate logistic regression model.

Results
Several obstetrical variables seemed to impact both outcomes in the univariate analyses. However, in the multivariate analyses, none of the obstetrical variables significantly impacted subjective failure, and only being nulliparous before MUS surgery remained a risk factor for objective failure [aOR 1.60, (95% CI 1.07–2.40), p = 0.022]. High body mass index at time of surgery, non-retropubic slings, high preoperative urgency symptom load, and surgical complications were all strong risk factors for poor outcomes in the multivariate analyses.

Conclusion
Although childbirth is considered a risk factor for developing stress urinary incontinence, childbirth does not appear to affect the result of MUS in parous women. Our results suggest that nulliparous women with SUI may have a different pathophysiology than SUI after childbirth.