bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of constant light exposure on allergic and irritant contact dermatitis in mice reared under constant light conditions
Authors: Mizutani Hiromi , Tamagawa‐Mineoka Risa , Yasuike Risa , Minami Yoichi , Yagita Kazuhiro , Katoh Norito 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEnvironmental light levels can affect physiological functions, such as general activity, body temperature and metabolism. Irregular lifestyles, such as those involving exposure to light during the night, can exacerbate the clinical symptoms of several inflammatory skin diseases. However, the effects of constant light exposure on immune responses are not fully understood. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of constant light exposure on two major types of skin reactions, allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and irritant contact dermatitis (ICD). BALB/c mice were kept under constant light conditions or a normal light and dark cycle, and their ACD and ICD responses were assessed after the topical application of 2,4,6‐trinitro‐1‐chlorobenzene and croton oil, respectively, to the ear skin. Interestingly, in both ACD and ICD, the ear‐swelling response and local leukocyte infiltration were aggravated by constant exposure to light, which has previously been shown to severely disturb the behavioural rhythms of mice. In ACD, these findings were accompanied by increases in the numbers of degranulated mast cells and eosinophils. These results suggest that constant light exposure intensifies allergic and non‐allergic skin inflammation.
“What If You Die?”: Skipped‐Generation Caregivers' Reported Conversations With Their Grandchildren About Death
Authors: Freeman Jessica D. , Elton Jessica 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveThis study focused on grandparent caregivers' communication about death with their grandchildren.BackgroundSkipped‐generation grandfamilies have become more common in the United States. However, much research on death communication focuses on traditional parent–child(ren) nuclear families, making it necessary to understand how families with other structures, such as skipped‐generation grandfamilies, address this topic.MethodThis qualitative study applied communication privacy management as a guiding theory and used progressive focusing to collect 30 in‐depth interviews with grandparent caregivers. Interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsThree themes and eight subthemes emerged. The first theme centered on grandparent caregivers' motivations for disclosing about death to grandchildren and comprised three subthemes: Exposure to Death and Lifecycle Concepts, Grandchild Curiosity, and Unique Grandparent Caregiver Concerns. The second theme reflected grandparent caregivers' motivations to conceal information about death, which included Age Inappropriateness, Trauma Aversion, and Lack of Utility. The third theme captured grandparent caregivers' perceptions of whether their grandchildren were concerned about caregiver death.ConclusionLike traditional parent–child(ren) nuclear families, grandfamilies identify death as an important but challenging topic to discuss. However, the unique characteristics of grandfamilies magnify challenges and complexities of discussing death.ImplicationsThe findings contribute to communication specialists', social workers', and psychologists' understanding of how grandfamilies manage privacy surrounding death.
Crystal structure of the sugar acid‐binding protein CxaP from a TRAP transporter in Advenella mimigardefordensis strain DPN7T
Authors: Schäfer Lukas , Meinert‐Berning Christina , Kobus Stefanie , Höppner Astrid , Smits Sander H. J. , Steinbüchel Alexander 
Published: February 2021

Recently, CxaP, a sugar acid substrate binding protein (SBP) from Advenella mimigardefordensis strain DPN7T, was identified as part of a novel sugar uptake strategy. In the present study, the protein was successfully crystallized. Although several SBP structures of tripartite ATP‐independent periplasmic transporters have already been solved, this is the first structure of an SBP accepting multiple sugar acid ligands. Protein crystals were obtained with bound d‐xylonic acid, d‐fuconic acid d‐galactonic and d‐gluconic acid, respectively. The protein shows the typical structure of an SBP of a tripartite ATP‐independent periplasmic transporter consisting of two domains linked by a hinge and spanned by a long α‐helix. By analysis of the structure, the substrate binding site of the protein was identified. The carboxylic group of the sugar acids interacts with Arg175, whereas the coordination of the hydroxylic groups at positions C2 and C3 is most probably realized by Arg154 and Asn151. Furthermore, it was observed that 2‐keto‐3‐deoxy‐d‐gluconic acid is bound in protein crystals that were crystallized without the addition of any ligand, indicating that this molecule is prebound to the protein and is displaced by the other ligands if they are available.DatabaseStructural data of CxaP complexes are available in the worldwide Protein Data Bank (https://www.rcsb.org) under the accession codes 7BBR (2‐keto‐3‐deoxy‐d‐gluconic acid), 7BCR (d‐galactonic acid), 7BCN (d‐xylonic acid), 7BCO (d‐fuconic acid) and 7BCP (d‐gluconic acid).
Identifying coping strategies used by patients at a transgender health clinic through analysis of free‐text autobiographical narratives
Authors: Zottola Angela , Jones Lucy , Pilnick Alison , Mullany Louise , Pierre Bouman Walter , Arcelus Jon 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis paper presents an analysis of 32 narratives written by patients waiting for assessment at a transgender health clinic (THC) in England. Narratives are autobiographical free texts, designed to allow patients to describe in their own words their experiences of their gender identity and/or transition prior to a clinic appointment, as part of the assessment process.ObjectiveNarratives were analysed to identify actions prospective patients had taken to manage their (usually lengthy) waiting times, so that these ‘coping strategies’ could be shared with future patients.DesignCorpus linguistic methodology was utilized to identify common patterns across the whole corpus of text‐based data, augmented with more detailed sociolinguistic analysis of individual narratives.ResultsThere are broad commonalities in the way the transition experience is described across the corpus in terms of presentation of key experiences and feelings. There are specific descriptions of a number of recurring coping strategies, both positive and negative.ConclusionThe empowerment value of writing these narratives may be limited; the existence of recurring key features suggests that patients may feel they have to present their experiences in certain ways to be accepted for treatment. However, dissemination of some positive coping strategies may help future clients of THCs to better cope with waiting times, as well as assisting practitioners in THCs in supporting their patients during this wait.Patient/Public ContributionThe clinic's Service Users’ Research Advisory Group contributed to formulating the objective and design of the study. Results were presented at the clinic's annual PPI conference.
The effect of substitution of Al2O3 and B2O3 for SiO2 on the properties of cover glass for liquid crystal display: Structure, thermal, visco‐elastic, and physical properties
Authors: Cui Jiedong , Cao Xin , Shi Lifen , Zhong Zhaojin , Wang Pingping , Ma Liyun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBy the substitution of Al2O3 and B2O3 for SiO2 of the glass network former, the structural and thermal, visco‐elastic and physical properties of aluminosilicate glass were investigated. 27Al NMR results showed that in the glass structure of the system, Al3+ basically existed in the form of 4‐coordinated [AlO4] tetrahedron as the network former. Judged by Raman spectra, the bridging vibration Si‐Ob increased with the Al2O3/SiO2 substitute. And the total non‐bridging vibration Si‐Onb decreased, indicating the enhancement of the structure compactness. While for B2O3/SiO2 substitute, the vibration at around 1010 cm−1 and the bridging vibration Si‐Ob in Q4 unit both decreased and the structure got loosened. Based on the study of the structure of glass, the thermal, visco‐elastic, and physical properties such as viscosity, coefficient of the linear thermal expansion, high‐temperature resistance, strain point, annealing point, and softening point, as well as density and elastic modulus were investigated. The evaluation of the melting and fining process was also investigated by high‐temperature observation test. Furthermore, the chemical strengthening properties of glass samples were also investigated. The introduction of B2O3 benefited for the ion‐exchange. In this study, the glass composition of sample 4 was suitable for the floating process under comprehensive consideration.
The engine of evaluative inquiry: Social learning processes
Authors: Paydon Marie E. , Ensminger David C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAlthough originated in the 1990s, few empirical studies exist that examine the Evaluative Inquiry model, particularly, the social learning processes within the model. This study examined the social learning processes that represent the forms of communication that drive learning within the Evaluative Inquiry model: dialog, reflection, asking questions and identifying and challenging values, beliefs, assumptions and knowledge. Results indicated that social learning processes promoted individual and team learning, as well as provided the beginnings of organizational learning. In addition, results confirmed that dialog served as the central process through which all other social learning processes occur. Our findings present a new conceptualization of the social learning processes at the center of the Evaluative Inquiry model.
Respiratory failure, clinical course and community management of COVID‐19 patients in a large Australian cohort
Authors: Louie Teresa , Kwan Ben , Susanto Clarissa , Ng Andrew 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has wreaked health and economic damage globally. A thorough understanding of the characteristics of COVID‐19 patients in Australia plus the strategies that successfully ‘flatten the curve’ are vitally important to contain this pandemic.AimTo describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID‐19 patients in the Sutherland Shire, and the management model adopted to manage these patients.MethodsA retrospective case series of COVID‐19 patients monitored in the Sutherland Shire between 19 March and 15 May 2020 was performed. Demographic, clinical and outcome data of COVID‐19 inpatients at the Sutherland Hospital and demographic data of COVID‐19 patients in the Sutherland Shire community were obtained. The Sutherland Hospital COVID‐19 Management Model involved close collaboration among the Sutherland Fever Clinic, Sutherland COVID‐19 community telemonitoring team (CTAC) and Sutherland COVID‐19 inpatient team.ResultsNinety‐nine COVID‐19 cases (median age, 49 years, 50 (51%) male) were monitored in Sutherland Shire, with 19 cases (median age, 54 years, 10 (53%) male) requiring inpatient management. Common comorbidities included obesity, asthma, hypertension and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Six (32%) patients required supplemental oxygen and three (16%) patients required intensive care admission. There was one mortality. The CTAC team identified five (5%) patients requiring admission, and three (3%) patients requiring re‐admission. The majority of COVID‐19 source was from overseas travel (67%), with nine (9%) cases having unknown source.ConclusionA comprehensive COVID‐19 management model is needed to successfully manage COVID‐19 patients in both outpatient and inpatient settings in order to ‘squash the curve’.
The psychiatric decision unit as an emerging model in mental health crisis care: a national survey in England
Authors: Goldsmith Lucy P. , Anderson Katie , Clarke Geraldine , Crowe Chloe , Jarman Heather , Johnson Sonia , Lloyd‐Evans Brynmor , Lomani Jo , McDaid David , Park A‐La , Smith Jared A. , Turner Kati , Gillard Steve 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPsychiatric decision units have been developed in many countries internationally to address the pressure on inpatient services and dissatisfactory, long waits people in mental health crisis can experience in emergency departments. Research into these units lags behind their development, as they are implemented by healthcare providers to address these problems. This is the first‐ever national survey to identify their prevalence, structure, activities, and contextual setting within health services, in order to provide a robust basis for future research. The response rate was high (94%), and six PDUs in England were identified. The results indicated that PDUs open 24/7, accept only voluntary patients, provide recliner chairs for sleeping rather than beds, and limit stays to 12–72 hours. PDUs are predominantly staffed by senior, qualified mental health nurses and healthcare assistants, with psychiatry input. Staff:patient ratios are high (1:2.1 during the day shift). Differences in PDU structure and activities (including referral pathway, length of stay, and staff:patient ratios) were identified, suggesting the optimal configuration for PDUs has not yet been established. Further research into the efficacy of this innovation is needed; PDUs potentially have a role in an integrated crisis care pathway which provides a variety of care options to service users.
Does molar‐incisor hypomineralization (MIH) affect only permanent first molars and incisors? New observations on permanent second molars
Authors: de Farias Aline Leite , Rojas‐Gualdrón Diego Fernando , Girotto Bussaneli Diego , Santos‐Pinto Lourdes , Mejía Juan Diego , Restrepo Manuel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe second permanent molar plays an important role when considering extraction of first permanent molars severely affected by molar‐incisor hypomineralization (MIH).AimTo assess the association between MIH and enamel hypomineralization of the second permanent molars in terms of presence and severity.DesignIn this retrospective cross‐sectional study, permanent teeth were evaluated in 453 patients between the ages of 13 and 16 at a dental clinic, using intraoral photographs. A calibrated examiner classified enamel hypomineralization using the MIH index and dental caries experience using the DMFT and DMFS indices. Statistical analyses were performed using a linear generalized model and ordinal logistic regression.ResultsThe most commonly affected teeth by enamel hypomineralization were permanent molars, whereas incisors, premolars, and canines were less affected. The presence of severe defects in the first permanent molars was associated with mild defects in the second permanent molars (OR = 4.01; 95% CI: 2.50‐7.77). Enamel hypomineralization was associated with increased caries experience (PR = 5.54; 95% CI: 3.81‐9.06).ConclusionEnamel hypomineralization mainly affects the first and second permanent molars. Mild defects in the second permanent molars tend to be more frequent in patients with severe MIH in the first permanent molars. The presence of enamel hypomineralization was associated with higher dental caries experience.
Theoretical study on composition‐dependent properties of ZnO·nAl2O3 spinels. Part I: Optical and dielectric
Authors: Xu Pengyu , Wang Hao , Ren Lu , Tu Bingtian , Wang Weimin , Fu Zhengyi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDue to the transparency for both light and radio waves, Zn‐Al spinels (ZnO·nAl2O3) may be applied as multi‐mode windows. The rules of cation distribution in ZnO·nAl2O3 were determined with in‐depth analysis of the local structure and then restricted by these rules, reasonable Zn16–6xAl32+4xO64 (x = 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0) supercells were constructed to explore the composition‐dependence of properties via the first‐principles calculations. Based on the insights into the crystal, bond, electronic, and phonon structures, the effect of the cation substitution on the light absorption in ultraviolet and infrared wavelengths, refractive index, and dispersion in the visible region as well as the dielectric constant and dielectric loss in the microwave band was disclosed. The d−p hybridization of Zn and O results in a lower refractive index and a higher Abbé number of ZnO·nAl2O3 at larger n. Since AlIV ions are lighter and form stronger bonds with O2− than ZnIV ions, the ultraviolet and infrared cut‐off of the transmission window are red‐shifted and blue‐shifted with rising n, respectively. AlIV ions are insignificant contributors to the low‐frequency vibration modes, therefore the dielectric loss weakens as n increases. The understandings are significant for not only customizing the composition of ZnO·nAl2O3 but also designing novel oxide spinels with desired optical and dielectric properties.
Development of the nurse's communication ability with angry patients scale and evaluation of its psychometric properties
Authors: Chen Xi , Luo Liumei , Jiang Ling , Shi Liumin , Yang Li , Zeng Yuting , Li Fang , Li Li 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsTo develop the Nurse's Communication Ability with Angry Patients Scale (NCAAPS) and evaluate its psychometric properties.DesignAn instrument development and validation study.MethodsThe survey was administered to 501 nurses from different emergency departments in China between 2 August 2019 and 3 October 2019. Data from 456 completed questionnaires were analysed to identify the factor structure of the NCAAPS.ResultsThe content validity index was satisfactory. Four factors were included and 71.25% of the total variance was explained by 19 items in NCAAPS. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the four‐factor structure. Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.96 for the overall scale and 0.81–0.92 for its subscales. Test–retest reliability was 0.740.ConclusionWe consider the NCAAPS to be a useful tool for measuring the ability of nurses to communicate with angry patients.ImpactIt is anticipated that this new scale will help educators to identify specific areas of deficiency that could be targeted with training to improve the ability of nursing staff to communicate with angry patients.
CircORC2 is involved in the pathogenesis of slow transit constipation via modulating the signalling of miR‐19a and neurotensin/motilin
Authors: Wang Yuan‐Yuan , Lu Rui‐Yun , Shi Ji , Zhao Shuai , Jiang Xia , Gu Xiaosong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to investigate the role of circORC2 in modulating miR‐19a and its downstream signalling during the pathogenesis of STC. In this study, three groups of patients, that is healthy control (HC) group, normal transit constipation (NTC) group (N = 42) and slow transit constipation (STC) group, were, respectively, recruited. RT‐PCR and Western blot analysis were exploited to investigate the changes in the expression levels of miR‐19a and circORC2 in these patients, so as to establish a circORC2/miR‐19a signalling pathway. The basic information of the patients showed no significant differences among different patient groups. Compared with the HC group, concentrations of neurotensin (NST) and motilin (MLN) were both significantly reduced in the NTC and STC groups, especially in the STC group. Also, miR‐19a level was highest, whereas circORC2 level was lowest in the STC group. Furthermore, circORC2 was validated to sponge the expression of miR‐19a, and the transfection of circORC2 reduced the expression of miR‐19a. Meanwhile, MLN and NST mRNAs were both targeted by miR‐19a, and the transfection of circORC2 dramatically up‐regulated the expression of MLN and NST. On the contrary, the transfection of circORC2 siRNA into SMCs and VSMCs exhibited the opposite effect of circORC2. Collectively, the results of this study established a regulatory relationship among circORC2, miR‐19a and neurotensin/motilin, which indicated that the overexpression of circORC2 could up‐regulate the levels of neurotensin and motilin, thus exerting a beneficial effect during the treatment of STC.
Down‐regulation of RCC1 sensitizes immunotherapy by up‐regulating PD‐L1 via p27kip1/CDK4 axis in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Zeng Xiaozhu , Zhong Maoxi , Yang Yumeng , Wang Zhi , Zhu Yuxi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn recent years, although Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) significantly improves survival both in local advanced stage and advanced stage of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the objective response rate of ICI monotherapy is still only about 20%. Thus, to identify the mechanisms of ICI resistance is critical to increase the efficacy of ICI treatments. By bioinformatics analysis, we found that the expression of regulator of chromosome condensation 1 (RCC1) in lung adenocarcinoma was significantly higher than that in normal lung tissue in TCGA and Oncomine databases. The survival analysis showed that high expression RCC1 was associated with the poor prognosis of NSCLC. And the expression of RCC1 was inversely related to the number of immune cell infiltration. In vitro, knockdown of RCC1 not only significantly inhibited the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma cells but also increased the expression levels of p27kip1 and PD‐L1, and decreased the expression level of CDK4 and p‐Rb. In vivo, knockdown of RCC1 significantly slowed down the growth rate of tumour, and further reduced the volume and weight of tumour model after treated by PD‐L1 monoclonal antibody. Therefore, RCC1 could up‐regulate the expression level of PD‐L1 by regulating p27kip1/CDK4 pathway and decrease the resistance to ICIs. And this study might provide a new way to increase the efficacy of PD‐L1 monoclonal antibody by inhibiting RCC1.
Therapeutic management in paediatric alopecia areata: A systematic review
Authors: Waśkiel‐Burnat A. , Kołodziejak M. , Sikora M. , Stochmal A. , Rakowska A. , Olszewska M. , Rudnicka L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAlopecia areata is the third most common cause of dermatology consultations in children but the treatment of paediatric alopecia areata remains challenging. A systematic review of the literature about the treatment of alopecia areata in children (≤18 years old) was performed on 11 May 2020 by searching the PubMed, Scopus and EBSCO databases. The terms used for the search were: ‘alopecia areata’, ‘alopecia totalis’ or ‘alopecia universalis’ combined with ‘paediatric’, ‘children’ or ‘childhood’. A total of 89 articles were included in final evaluation. The most commonly assessed treatment options in paediatric alopecia areata were topical immunotherapy (response rate in monotherapy: 54%; 187/345) intralesional glucocorticosteroids (75%; 211/280), systemic glucocorticosteroids (73%; 102/140), and anthralin (42%; 31/74). Topical glucocorticosteroids (81%; 35/43), systemic Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors (90%; 27/30), topical calcineurin inhibitors (42%; 8/19), topical JAK inhibitors (65%; 11/17), PUVA therapy (56%; 9/16) and 308‐nm excimer laser (77%; 10/13) were also evaluated. Additionally, evaluation in smaller numbers of paediatric patients included methotrexate (100%; 10/10), topical minoxidil (44%; 4/9) and cyclosporine (83%; 5/6). There were limited data considering children with alopecia areata treated with azathioprine, hydroxychloroquine, topical sildenafil, topical prostaglandin analogues, fractional carbon dioxide laser, leflunomide, mesalazine, apremilast, dupilumab, ustekinumab, efalizumab, botulinum toxin, and compound glycyrrhizin. On the basis of the limited data available glucocorticosteroids (systemic, intralesional or topical) and JAK inhibitors (systemic or topical) may be considered the best documented and most effective treatment options in alopecia areata in children. There are no sufficient paediatric data to compare treatment safety and relapse rates in these therapeutic modalities.