bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manifold‐based respiratory phase estimation enables motion and distortion correction of free‐breathing cardiac diffusion tensor MRI
Authors: Coll‐Font Jaume , Chen Shi , Eder Robert , Fang Yiling , Han Qiao Joyce , van den Boomen Maaike , Sosnovik David E. , Mekkaoui Choukri , Nguyen Christopher T. 
Published: August 2021

PurposeFor in vivo cardiac DTI, breathing motion and B0 field inhomogeneities produce misalignment and geometric distortion in diffusion‐weighted (DW) images acquired with conventional single‐shot EPI. We propose using a dimensionality reduction method to retrospectively estimate the respiratory phase of DW images and facilitate both distortion correction (DisCo) and motion compensation.MethodsFree‐breathing electrocardiogram‐triggered whole left‐ventricular cardiac DTI using a second‐order motion‐compensated spin echo EPI sequence and alternating directionality of phase encoding blips was performed on 11 healthy volunteers. The respiratory phase of each DW image was estimated after projecting the DW images into a 2D space with Laplacian eigenmaps. DisCo and motion compensation were applied to the respiratory sorted DW images. The results were compared against conventional breath‐held T2 half‐Fourier single shot turbo spin echo. Cardiac DTI parameters including fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, and helix angle transmurality were compared with and without DisCo.ResultsThe left‐ventricular geometries after DisCo and motion compensation resulted in significantly improved alignment of DW images with T2 reference. DisCo reduced the distance between the left‐ventricular contours by 13.2% ± 19.2%, P < .05 (2.0 ± 0.4 for DisCo and 2.4 ± 0.5 mm for uncorrected). DisCo DTI parameter maps yielded no significant differences (mean diffusivity: 1.55 ± 0.13 × 10−3 mm2/s and 1.53 ± 0.13 × 10−3 mm2/s, P = .09; fractional anisotropy: 0.375 ± 0.041 and 0.379 ± 0.045, P = .11; helix angle transmurality: 1.00% ± 0.10°/% and 0.99% ± 0.12°/%, P = .44), although the orientation of individual tensors differed.ConclusionRetrospective respiratory phase estimation with LE‐based DisCo and motion compensation in free‐breathing cardiac DTI resulting in significantly reduced geometric distortion and improved alignment within and across slices.
Joint total variation‐based reconstruction of multiparametric magnetic resonance images for mapping tissue types
Authors: Pandey Shraddha , Snider A. David , Moreno Wilfrido A. , Ravi Harshan , Bilgin Ali , Raghunand Natarajan 
Published: August 2021

Multispectral analysis of coregistered multiparametric magnetic resonance (MR) images provides a powerful method for tissue phenotyping and segmentation. Acquisition of a sufficiently varied set of multicontrast MR images and parameter maps to objectively define multiple normal and pathologic tissue types can require long scan times. Accelerated MRI on clinical scanners with multichannel receivers exploits techniques such as parallel imaging, while accelerated preclinical MRI scanning must rely on alternate approaches. In this work, tumor‐bearing mice were imaged at 7 T to acquire k‐space data corresponding to a series of images with varying T1‐, T2‐ and T2*‐weighting. A joint reconstruction framework is proposed to reconstruct a series of T1‐weighted images and corresponding T1 maps simultaneously from undersampled Cartesian k‐space data. The ambiguity introduced by undersampling was resolved by using model‐based constraints and structural information from a reference fully sampled image as the joint total variation prior. This process was repeated to reconstruct T2‐weighted and T2*‐weighted images and corresponding maps of T2 and T2* from undersampled Cartesian k‐space data. Validation of the reconstructed images and parameter maps was carried out by computing tissue‐type maps, as well as maps of the proton density fat fraction (PDFF), proton density water fraction (PDwF), fat relaxation rate (
and water relaxation rate (
from the reconstructed data, and comparing them with ground truth (GT) equivalents. Tissue‐type maps computed using 18% k‐space data were visually similar to GT tissue‐type maps, with dice coefficients ranging from 0.43 to 0.73 for tumor, fluid adipose and muscle tissue types. The mean T1 and T2 values within each tissue type computed using only 18% k‐space data were within 8%–10% of the GT values from fully sampled data. The PDFF and PDwF maps computed using 27% k‐space data were within 3%–15% of GT values and showed good agreement with the expected values for the four tissue types.
Targeting plasma cells with daratumumab aids in the treatment of post‐transplant autoimmune‐like hepatitis
Authors: Epperly Rebecca , Santiago Teresa , Morin Cara E. , Patton Kurt , Deyo Jeff , Eshun John , Triplett Brandon , Sharma Akshay 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAntibody‐mediated autoimmune‐like hepatitis is a rare and challenging occurrence after hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT). We present the case of a 16‐year‐old male patient with Ph+ ALL who underwent matched sibling donor HCT and developed autoimmune‐like hepatitis after receiving ponatinib for post‐HCT maintenance, evidenced by marked plasma cell infiltrate on liver biopsy. He was successfully treated with steroids and daratumumab, an anti‐CD38‐monoclonal antibody. The dramatic response in this patient warrants expanded investigation of daratumumab for plasma cell‐mediated disorders post‐HCT. It further highlights that identifying mechanisms of immune‐mediated injury can allow for directed therapy and limit exposure to broad immune suppression.
State‐of‐the‐art review on honeycomb sandwich composite structures with an emphasis on filler materials
Authors: Chandrasekaran Navin Kumar , Arunachalam Vasanthanathan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHoneycomb sandwich composites are suitable for making structural materials that are mainly characterized by their lightweight and high stiffness strength. The honeycomb structures filled with foam materials or granular materials concerning to the applications enhance the strength and the damping properties. In this paper, an emphasis has been provided for the comprehensive review of response of honeycomb sandwich structures in different conditions, namely, static, dynamic, and damping behaviors with and without filler material from an experimental and finite element simulation perspective. Various applications of honeycomb sandwich composites in different fields are also reviewed in this paper. Potential new directions in honeycomb sandwich composites are also identified in this paper in addition to the current practices. Conclusions and recommendations from different technical papers are reviewed by considering the honeycomb sandwich composites with filler materials. The given area of research seeks more scientific analysis, modeling, and experiments in future structural applications.
An experimental investigation on the flexural and wear properties of multiscale nanoclay/basalt fiber/epoxy composites
Authors: Nazari Ali 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this work, multiscale basalt fiber/epoxy composites were fabricated using silane‐modified Na+‐montmorillonite nanoclay, at various contents (0.5, 1, 3, and 5 wt% with respect to the matrix). Flexural and tribological characteristics of the composites were studied. First of all, a silane coupling agent, namely 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (3‐APTS), was applied onto the surface of the nanoclay particles, and then the effects of modified nanoclay on the three‐point bending and wear properties of the basalt fiber/epoxy composites were assessed. Fourier transform infrared spectra indicated that the 3‐APTS coupling agent was successfully grafted onto the surface of the nanoclay particles after modification. The three‐point bending test results demonstrated that the basalt fiber/epoxy composite having 3 wt% modified nanoclay had the highest flexural strength and modulus. On the other hand, the pin‐on‐disk wear test results showed that the multiscale composite containing 5 wt% modified nanoclay had the highest wear resistance. Finally, the fracture and worn surfaces of the specimens were assessed to identify the dominant mechanisms.
The relation of porosity and creep behavior of glass fiber/epoxy composite: Design of experiments approach
Authors: Alves Fillip Cortat , Monticeli Francisco Maciel , Voorwald Herman Jacobus Cornelis , Cioffi Maria Odila Hilário 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis work aimed to analyze the influence of voids content, morphology (size and shape), and position on the creep behavior of glass/epoxy composites with a reduced number of experiments, applying the design of experiments statistical approach to describe the creep behavior. For this purpose, a three‐dimensional microstructure of the materials is created from the images of X‐ray microtomography. Analysis of variance shows that the temperature contributes 90% to the initial and final creep deformation; meanwhile, stress and porosity act as secondary factors. Void content is responsible for 15% of the composite creep behavior; meantime, the increase of elliptical and irregular porosity decreases creep resistance. The Weibull analytical model combined with surface response methodology (Taguchi approach) proves to be feasible to predict the creep deformation curve with low error.
Factors influencing clinicians' referral or admission decisions for post‐acute stroke or traumatic brain injury rehabilitation: A scoping review
Authors: Lam Wai Shun Priscilla , Bottari Carolina , Dubé Sandra , Grondin Myrian , Swaine Bonnie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDemand for post‐acute stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI) rehabilitation outweighs resource availability. Every day, clinicians face the challenging task of deciding which patient will benefit or not from rehabilitation. The objectives of this scoping review were to map and compare factors reported by clinicians as influencing referral or admission decisions to post‐acute rehabilitation for stroke and TBI patients, to identify most frequently reported factors and those perceived as most influential. We searched four major databases for articles published between 1946 and January 2021. Articles were included if they reported clinicians' perceptions, investigated referral or admission decisions to post‐acute rehabilitation, and focused on patients with stroke or TBI. Twenty articles met inclusion criteria. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health framework was used to guide data extraction and summarizing. Patient‐related factors most frequently reported by clinicians were age, mental status prior to stroke or TBI, and family support. The two latter were ranked among the most influential by clinicians working with stroke patients, whereas age was ranked of low importance. Organizational factors were reported to influence decisions (particularly the availability of post‐acute care services) as well as clinicians' characteristics (eg, knowledge). Moreover, clinicians' prediction of patient outcome ranked among the most important driver of referral or admission decisions by clinicians working with stroke patients. Findings highlight the complex nature of decision‐making regarding patient selection for rehabilitation and provide insight on important factors that frontline clinicians need to consider when having to make rapid decisions in high‐pressured acute care environments.
Clinical predictors of laryngotracheoesophageal clefts and tracheoesophageal fistulae in children with dysphagia
Authors: Mattos Claudia , Phinizy Pelton , Duffy Kimberly L. , Sobol Steven , Piccione Joseph 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLaryngotracheoesophageal clefts (LTECs) and tracheoesophageal fistulae (TEF) are important structural causes of aspiration requiring bronchoscopy for diagnosis. Determining which children are at greatest risk for LTEC and TEF would enable clinicians to be more selective in performing bronchoscopy.MethodsMedical records of children aged 0–18 years who underwent flexible and rigid bronchoscopy for evaluation of dysphagia with aspiration were collected and analyzed to identify predictors of LTEC and TEF.ResultsSeventy‐two children age 2 months to 9 years were identified. LTEC was identified in 19 (26%) and TEF was identified in 1 (1.3%). One‐third of the cohort was born preterm (median gestational age 34 weeks). The proportion of LTEC in those born preterm was lower than that of those born full‐term (12% vs. 34%, p = .03). There was no statistically significant difference in LTEC prevalence based on age, midline defects, laryngomalacia, tracheomalacia, history of TEF repair, silent aspiration, or viscosity of barium aspirated during videofluoroscopic swallowing studies. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytology, lipid‐laden macrophage proportions, and culture results were similar among those with and without LTEC.ConclusionChildren with dysphagia and tracheal aspiration born full‐term are three times more likely to have LTEC than those born preterm. Dysphagia in children with a history of preterm birth is more likely to be functional as opposed to structural, however, LTEC was identified in approximately 10% of these children and must be considered. These results support the role of bronchoscopy in children with dysphagia with tracheal aspiration.
Assessing the utility of CASP14 models for molecular replacement
Authors: Millán Claudia , Keegan Ronan M. , Pereira Joana , Sammito Massimo D. , Simpkin Adam J. , McCoy Airlie J. , Lupas Andrei N. , Hartmann Marcus D. , Rigden Daniel J. , Read Randy J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe assessment of CASP models for utility in molecular replacement is a measure of their use in a valuable real‐world application. In CASP7, the metric for molecular replacement assessment involved full likelihood‐based molecular replacement searches; however, this restricted the assessable targets to crystal structures with only one copy of the target in the asymmetric unit, and to those where the search found the correct pose. In CASP10, full molecular replacement searches were replaced by likelihood‐based rigid‐body refinement of models superimposed on the target using the LGA algorithm, with the metric being the refined log‐likelihood‐gain (LLG) score. This enabled multi‐copy targets and very poor models to be evaluated, but a significant further issue remained: the requirement of diffraction data for assessment. We introduce here the relative‐expected‐LLG (reLLG), which is independent of diffraction data. This reLLG is also independent of any crystal form, and can be calculated regardless of the source of the target, be it X‐ray, NMR or cryo‐EM. We calibrate the reLLG against the LLG for targets in CASP14, showing that it is a robust measure of both model and group ranking. Like the LLG, the reLLG shows that accurate coordinate error estimates add substantial value to predicted models. We find that refinement by CASP groups can often convert an inadequate initial model into a successful MR search model. Consistent with findings from others, we show that the AlphaFold2 models are sufficiently good, and reliably so, to surpass other current model generation strategies for attempting molecular replacement phasing.
Forecasting the research octane number in a Continuous Catalyst Regeneration (CCR) reformer
Authors: Dias Tiago , Oliveira Rodolfo , Saraiva Pedro , Reis Marco S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGasoline is still one of the most consumed crude oil derivatives in the global market. Its grade is established by the Research Octane Number (RON), which is measured by laboratorial analysis at a lower rate in comparison to process variables. This delay represents a bottleneck to process operation (monitoring, control, and optimization) and quality (less consistency due to poor process control), with impact in the company's bottom line results. In order to mitigate the effects of such delay, we address the problem of predicting RON using real industrial data from a refinery located in Portugal. The dataset was collected at Matosinhos Refinery of Petrogal, SA, during an extended period of operation (2 years). We report the performance of a wide range of state‐of‐the‐art linear and non‐linear methods able to cope with high‐dimensional data, which are assessed through a framework based on Monte Carlo Double Cross‐Validation. Overall, 25 methods and their variants were tested which, to the best of authors’ knowledge, is the largest number of methods ever considered in studies dedicated to the prediction of RON. Furthermore, a ranking system for efficiently comparing the methods is also proposed, facilitating the identification of the top performing ones. According to this methodology, kernel partial least squares and tree‐based ensemble methods stand out among the methods tested, signalling the presence of non‐linear relationships in the datasets.
Process Parameter Development for the Scaled Generation of Stem Cell-Derived Pancreatic Endocrine Cells
Authors: Iworima Diepiriye G. , Rieck Sebastian , Kieffer Timothy J. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Diabetes is a debilitating disease characterized by high blood glucose levels. The global prevalence of this disease has been projected to reach 700 million adults by the year 2045. Type 1 diabetes represents about 10% of the reported cases of diabetes. Although islet transplantation can be a highly effective method to treat type 1 diabetes, its widespread application is limited by the paucity of cadaveric donor islets. The use of pluripotent stem cells as an unlimited cell source to generate insulin-producing cells for implant is a promising alternative for treating diabetes. However, to be clinically relevant, it is necessary to manufacture these stem cell-derived cells at sufficient scales. Significant advances have been made in differentiation protocols used to generate stem cell-derived cells capable of reversing diabetes in animal models and for testing in clinical trials. We discuss the potential of both stem cell-derived pancreatic progenitors and more matured insulin-producing cells to treat diabetes. We discuss the need for rigorous bioprocess parameter optimization and identify some critical process parameters and strategies that may influence the critical quality attributes of the cells with the goal of facilitating scalable manufacturing of human pluripotent stem cell-derived pancreatic endocrine cells.
Integrated Assembly and Photopreservation of Topographical Micropatterns
Authors: Zhang Shuailong , Li Weizhen , Elsayed Mohamed , Peng Jiaxi , Chen Yujie , Zhang Yanfeng , Zhang Yibo , Shayegannia Moein , Dou Wenkun , Wang Tiancong , Sun Yu , Kherani Nazir P. , Neale Steven L. , Wheeler Aaron R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMicromanipulation techniques that are capable of assembling nano/micromaterials into usable structures such as topographical micropatterns (TMPs) have proliferated rapidly in recent years, holding great promise in building artificial electronic and photonic microstructures. Here, a method is reported for forming TMPs based on optoelectronic tweezers in either “bottom‐up” or “top‐down” modes, combined with in situ photopolymerization to form permanent structures. This work demonstrates that the assembled/cured TMPs can be harvested and transferred to alternate substrates, and illustrates that how permanent conductive traces and capacitive circuits can be formed, paving the way toward applications in microelectronics. The integrated, optical assembly/preservation method described here is accessible, versatile, and applicable for a wide range of materials and structures, suggesting utility for myriad microassembly and microfabrication applications in the future.
Damage of bond in reinforced concrete: A detailed finite element analysis
Authors: Jakubovskis Ronaldas , Kaklauskas Gintaris 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNumerical simulation of the bond is a powerful and versatile tool to analyze different aspects of reinforcement and concrete interaction, such as the formation of internal cracks, damage of concrete around the bar or bond degradation near the cracks. In the present study, a three‐dimensional rib‐scale finite element modeling technique was employed to study the latter phenomena. Numerical models were calibrated using the experimentally measured reinforcement strain profiles in the short tensile reinforced concrete elements reported herein and elsewhere. The selected experimental programs cover a wide range of bar diameters (10–29 mm) that are commonly used in the engineering practice. A parametric analysis was performed to identify the key parameters affecting the bond stress distribution in the vicinity of cracks. Based on the results of the parametric analysis, a simple bond damage model was proposed. Unlike the existing models, which take into account a single parameter, namely, bar diameter, the proposed bond damage model also considers the effect of concrete grade and reinforcement strain in the cracked section.
Implications of climate change for railway infrastructure
Authors: Palin Erika J. , Stipanovic Oslakovic Irina , Gavin Kenneth , Quinn Andrew 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWeather phenomena can result in severe impacts on railway infrastructure. In future, projected changes to the frequency and/or intensity of extreme weather events could change weather–infrastructure risk profiles. Infrastructure owners and operators need to manage current weather impacts and put in place adequate plans to anticipate and adapt to changes in future weather risks, or mitigate the impacts arising from those risks. The assessment of the risk posed to railway infrastructure from current and future weather is dependent on a good understanding of the constituent components of risk: hazard, vulnerability, and exposure. A good understanding of the baseline and projected future risk is needed in order to understand the potential benefits of various climate change adaptation actions. Traditional risk assessment methods need some modification in order to be applied to climate change timescales, for which decisions need to be made under deep uncertainty. This review paper highlights some key challenges for assessing the risk, including: managing uncertainties; understanding weather‐impact relationships and how they could change with climate change; assessing the costs of current and future weather impacts and the potential cost versus benefit of adaptation; and understanding practices and tools for adapting railway infrastructure. The literature reveals examples of progress and good practice in all these areas, providing scope for effective knowledge‐sharing—across the railway infrastructure and other sectors—in support of infrastructure resilience and adaptation.This article is categorized under:
Assessing Impacts of Climate Change > Evaluating Future Impacts of Climate Change