bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le travail n'est pas une marchandise. Contenu et sens du travail au XXIe siècle
Authors: SUPIOT Alain 
Published: February 2021

RésuméDans sa dernière leçon au Collège de France, Alain Supiot revient sur les travaux qu'il a consacrés aux transformations du travail au XXIe siècle, en soulignant le rôle du droit et des institutions pour faire face aux conséquences de la révolution numérique et au défi écologique. La faillite morale, sociale et écologique du néolibéralisme doit nous obliger, selon lui, à reconsidérer la fiction juridique du travail marchandise et à établir ce que le préambule de la Constitution de l'OIT nomme «un régime de travail réellement humain», qui fasse place au sens et au contenu du travail. Cette thèse est illustrée par l’étude du cas de la recherche scientifique.
Comparison between the use of intense pulsed light and Q‐switched neodymium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser for the treatment of axillary hyperpigmentation
Authors: Amornpetkul Watinee , Kanokrungsee Silada , Kamanamool Nanticha , Udompataikul Montree , Rojhirunsakool Salinee 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundAxillary hyperpigmentation (AH) is a condition in which axillary skin is darker than the adjacent areas. To date, there is no standard treatment for AH. The Q‐switched neodymium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet 1064‐nm(QS) laser and intense pulsed light (IPL) are two effective modalities for the treatment of pigmentary disorders; however, the efficacy and safety levels of both treatments for AH have not yet been compared in a controlled study.AimsTo evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of the QS laser and IPL in the treatment of AH.MethodsA randomized, split‐side study was conducted on 22 subjects; all subjects received a total of five split‐side treatments every 2 weeks. The efficacy was determined using the melanin index (MI), color chart level using the Pantone SkinTone™ Guide, improvement grading scale (IGS), and patient satisfaction scores at weeks 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10.ResultsThe results showed that there was no significant difference in MI, color chart level, IGS, and patient satisfaction scores between the two treatments. Both treatments significantly improved AH after three sessions. However, the pain score was lower for IPL treatment. The adverse effects were transient and were found after IPL treatment in one participant (4.45%) who developed hyperpigmentation and another participant (4.45%) who developed erythema.ConclusionsIntense pulsed light therapy is safe and effective for the treatment of AH, with no significant difference in the outcome compared with QS laser treatment.
Analgesic effect of topical lidocaine is enhanced by cold atmospheric plasma pretreatment in facial CO2 laser treatments
Authors: Xin Yue , Wen Xiang , Jiang Xian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundTopical anesthesia is widely used in many dermatological and cosmetic procedures. Nevertheless, the stratum corneum serves as the skin barrier, impedes the transdermal drug delivery greatly, and results in insufficient analgesia. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has been researched as a transdermal drug delivery promoter with ex vivo experiments for a few years, while clinical trials are scarce.AimsTo assess the efficacy and safety of CAP as a pretreatment to improve the transdermal absorption of topical anesthetic cream before the CO2 laser treatment for postacne scars in the human body.Patients/MethodsTwenty patients, seeking full facial laser treatment for atrophic acne scars, underwent a randomized split‐face study. One side of the face was pretreated by CAP before topical anesthetic cream was applied, and the other side was applied with topical anesthetic cream only as control. After that, the subjects went through full‐face fractional CO2 laser treatment of postacne scars. They were asked to score the pain on a visual analogue scale (VAS) after the laser treatment to measure the anesthesia effects which indicates the transdermal absorption of the cream. Possible adverse effects of the plasma were recorded during the pretreatment including associated pain, heat, erythema, and edema.ResultsThe VAS score of the treated side was statistically lower (5.1 ± 2.1) compared with the nontreated side (6.3 ± 1.9), with a mean difference of 1.3 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.6‐1.9; P < .0001). No severe adverse event was reported, and all the disturbing sensations and symptoms (pain, heat, and edema) were evaluated as mild with no mean score surpassing 4.0.ConclusionPlasma pretreatment of 5 minutes before topical anesthetic cream application gives significant pain reduction during the laser procedures, showing the potential effects of CAP on promoting transdermal drug delivery, with no obvious adverse effects reported.
A developmental perspective on personality and psychopathology across the life span
Authors: Wilson Sylia , Olino Thomas M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTaking a developmental perspective, guided by core principles of developmental science and developmental psychopathology, is necessary to move the fields of personality science and psychopathology forward. Personality and psychopathology can be delineated using hierarchical models of individual differences, as evidenced by decades of converging evidence across community and psychiatric samples, countries and cultures, and ages and developmental periods. A large body of empirical research likewise documents associations between personality and various forms of psychopathology. Cross‐sectional investigations of personality–psychopathology links in samples of adults now yield diminishing returns. Prospective, longitudinal investigations that assess personality, psychopathology, and their co‐development across the life span are needed to determine their temporal ordering, capture dynamic associations over time and development, and elucidate causal origins and underlying mechanisms. We lay out a developmental framework that integrates across the developmental, personality, and psychopathology literatures in order to further understanding and guide future investigations of the nature of personality–psychopathology links.
Viral hepatitis C pandemic: Challenges and threats to its elimination
Authors: Krekulova Laura , Honzák Radkin , Riley Lee W. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUnder the WHO plan, the global elimination of the HCV pandemic is scheduled for 2030. The burden of HCV infection in developed countries is largely borne by people who inject drugs (PWID): new infections and reinfections are related to their risky behaviour. Although safe and sensitive hepatitis C diagnostic tools and directly acting antiviral medication are widely used, major challenges to disease elimination still remain in developed countries, where the WHO plan is in progress. The challenge is in the involvement and engagement of infected PWID. There is a strong need to change our uptake and treatment strategies to address all patients from the risk groups, connect them with the healthcare system and cure them with the vision to eliminate this HCV pandemic.
Effects of a First‐Grade Mathematics Vocabulary Intervention: A Pilot Study for Students with Mathematics Difficulty
Authors: Nelson Gena , Kiss Allyson J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThere is an emerging research base exploring the relation between mathematics vocabulary and achievement; therefore, we conducted a pilot study of a mathematics vocabulary intervention for first‐grade students with mathematics difficulty (MD). At posttest, the vocabulary intervention group scored significantly higher than the active control on mathematics vocabulary; growth, however, was not significant. The vocabulary intervention group had significantly higher gains on the Concepts and Communication subtest of a distal measure. While all students began the intervention below the 13th percentile in mathematics, 31% of participants exceeded the 25th percentile at posttest. The results of this pilot study have implications for practitioners working with students with MD, and also make a contribution to the knowledge base on mathematics vocabulary intervention.
Margolis Looks at the Arts
Authors: Pryba Russell 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the early aesthetic writings of Joseph Margolis from the late 1950s to the mid‐1960s in order to argue for the relevance of these works in understanding Margolis’s later, more well‐known views in the philosophy of art. Specifically, the paper addresses Margolis’s early essays on the definition and ontology of art and aesthetic perception. These essays not only show Margolis engaged in the most significant debates in mid‐century analytic aesthetics but also provide important indications of the limitations of that approach to thinking about the arts that informs the development of Margolis’s later cultural realism.
Vertical decoupling of soil nutrients and water under climate warming reduces plant cumulative nutrient uptake, water‐use efficiency and productivity
Authors: Querejeta José Ignacio , Ren Wei , Prieto Iván 
Published: February 2021

Summary

Warming‐induced desiccation of the fertile topsoil layer could lead to decreased nutrient diffusion, mobility, mineralization and uptake by roots. Increased vertical decoupling between nutrients in topsoil and water availability in subsoil/bedrock layers under warming could thereby reduce cumulative nutrient uptake over the growing season.

We used a Mediterranean semiarid shrubland as model system to assess the impacts of warming‐induced topsoil desiccation on plant water‐ and nutrient‐use patterns. A 6 yr manipulative field experiment examined the effects of warming (2.5°C), rainfall reduction (30%) and their combination on soil resource utilization by Helianthemum squamatum shrubs.

A drier fertile topsoil (‘growth pool’) under warming led to greater proportional utilization of water from deeper, wetter, but less fertile subsoil/bedrock layers (‘maintenance pool’) by plants. This was linked to decreased cumulative nutrient uptake, increased nonstomatal (nutritional) limitation of photosynthesis and reduced water‐use efficiency, above‐ground biomass growth and drought survival.

Whereas a shift to greater utilization of water stored in deep subsoil/bedrock may buffer the negative impact of warming‐induced topsoil desiccation on transpiration, this plastic response cannot compensate for the associated reduction in cumulative nutrient uptake and carbon assimilation, which may compromise the capacity of plants to adjust to a warmer and drier climate.
The “saddest repudiation” redux: Structural racism and the unlearned lesson of 1918
Authors: de Valpine Maria Gilson , Lewis Erica J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic reveals how the systems and structures of racism devastate the health and well‐being of people of color. The debate is an old one and the lesson we have yet to learn was tragically apparent a century ago during the 1918–1919 influenza pandemic. Any history of structural racism in America must begin with the chronicles of African Americans, Native Alaskans, and Indigenous North Americans as they were the originally enslaved and displaced people, subjected to overt and covert policies of oppression ever since. The experiences of Native Alaskans of Bristol Bay Alaska in 1918–1919 present a parallel, illuminating a wrenching example of structural racism that cost lives and impoverished society, then as now. Proven policy solutions exist to remove the structures that produce inequitable health outcomes, but implementing them will require public health officials and policymakers to take multidisciplinary policy actions, to find policy opportunities for change to be made, and, likely, a change in the political environment. The first exists now, the second is afforded because of the current pandemic and the urgent need for policy solutions, and the third is likely coming soon.
Individual, household and environmental factors associated with arboviruses in rural human populations, Brazil
Authors: Catenacci Lilian S. , Ferreira Milene S. , Fernandes Debora , Padda Hannah , Travassos‐da‐Rosa Elizabeth S. , Deem Sharon L. , Vasconcelos Pedro F. C. , Martins Livia C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLandscape change is one of the foremost drivers of the emergence of infectious diseases. Exploring demographic, household and environmental conditions under which infectious diseases occur may inform strategies to prevent disease emergence in human populations. We collected blood samples from 523 humans and explore factors for arbovirus emergence in Bahia, Brazil. The overall arbovirus seroprevalence was 65.2%, with the genus Flavivirus most prevalent (64.4%). Based on monotypic reactions, the population had contact with five arbovirus: Dengue 3, Ilheus, Oropouche, Caraparu and Eastern equine encephalitis virus. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting exposure to Oropouche, Caraparu and Eastern equine encephalitis virus in human populations in Bahia, Northeast of Brazil. The best model fit demonstrated that household and environmental variables were more predictive of the risk of arbovirus exposure than demographic variables. The presence of forest and free‐living monkeys in the areas close to the communities had a protective effect for the human population (i.e. lower seroprevalence). The dilution effect is considered as one explanation for this finding. These results highlight the important ecological role of wildlife‐friendly agriculture.
M2 muscarinic autoantibodies and thyroid hormone promote susceptibility to atrial fibrillation and sinus tachycardia in an autoimmune rabbit model
Authors: Deng Jielin , Guo Yankai , Zhang Gege , Zhang Ling , Kem David , Yu Xichun , Jiang Hong , Li Hongliang 
Published: February 2021

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
Do autoantibodies to the M2 muscarinic receptor (M2R‐AAbs) have the potential to facilitate specific sustained tachyarrhythmias in the presence of thyroxine (T4) in rabbits?

What is the main finding and its importance?
The M2R‐AAb and T4 jointly destabilized the electrophysiological properties, thus promoting the occurrence of atrial and sinus tachyarrhythmias in rabbits. These findings provide a practical basis for understanding the pathophysiological role of M2R‐AAb alone and with T4 in arrhythmia induction and might provide an innovative option for treatment of Graves’ disease with rhythm disturbance.

AbstractActivating autoantibodies toward the β1/2‐adrenergic receptors (β1/2AR‐AAbs) and M2 muscarinic receptor (M2R‐AAbs) are present in a high proportion of patients with Graves’ disease. We previously demonstrated that β1/2AR‐AAbs with or without the presence of M2R‐AAbs in combination with excessive thyroxine (T4) increased the induction of sustained tachyarrhythmias in an autoimmune rabbit model. However, the separate role of M2R‐AAbs and their interaction with T4 are not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of M2R‐AAbs and T4 on the induction of cardiac arrhythmias in a similar rabbit model. Ten New Zealand White rabbits were randomly divided into two groups. In group A (n = 6), the rabbits were immunized with the second extracellular loop peptide of M2R and subjected to 2 weeks of T4 treatment. In group B (n = 4), the rabbits were treated only with T4 for 2 weeks. After induction of general anaesthesia, rabbits were subjected to an electrophysiological study at 0 (pre‐immune), 6 (post‐immune) and 8 weeks (post‐immune+T4 treatment) in group A and at 0 (baseline) and 8 weeks (T4 treatment) in group B. Each rabbit served as its own control. In group A, high levels and activity of M2R‐AAbs were detected in all immunized animals. Thyroxine in combination with immunization significantly increased induction of sustained sinus tachycardia and atrial fibrillation in comparison to the pre‐immune state. In group B, T4 predominantly induced sustained sinus tachycardia. This study demonstrated that M2R‐AAbs and T4 jointly increased the susceptibility to both sinus and atrial tachyarrhythmias. The data supported the pathophysiological role of M2R‐AAbs in hyperthyroidism‐associated supraventricular tachyarrhythmias.
What We Do When We Watch Live Sports: An Analysis of Concurrent Viewing Behaviors
Authors: Lewis Nicky , Gantz Walter , Wenner Lawrence A. 
Published: February 2021

Using an active audience perspective, this study examines the wide-ranging in-person and second-screen behaviors that occur while viewing live sports. A national sample of participants (N = 630) was surveyed about their live sports viewing behaviors while watching a normal game, a close game, and one where the outcome was clear. Viewers concurrently engaged in a variety of game-related and unrelated activities, many involving additional screens and a social dimension (e.g., talking about the game with others in person and through media, hanging out with family/friends). Games that were not close encouraged more activity than games that were close. Sports fanship was positively associated with game-related behaviors but not unrelated behaviors. In all, live sports viewing involves a wide array of simultaneous in-person and second-screen activity, with some of that activity focused on the sporting events themselves, and other activities focused on meeting the responsibilities of daily life.
Active emergence, chronology, and limestone facies in southeastern windward Barbados
Authors: Speed* Robert C. , Cheng† Hai 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Barbados is actively rising in the latest phase of a long history of emergence that began as far back as 15 Ma. The current phase began at or before ca. 700 ka, is highly nonuniform, and at least locally, has been nonsteady. The uplift rate field in SE Barbados ranges between near-zero and 0.47 m/k.y. and is harmonic to active structures of NNW-SSE contraction. Emergence markers include limestone strata, coral, and shoreline angles, but we used only shoreline angles in calculations. We divided the capping limestone of windward Barbados into 10 units using physical criteria and dated them with over 40 230Th ages as oxygen isotope stages 5a, 5e, late 7 and early 7, and old (older than 300 ka). The oldest unit is a relic of an earlier phase of emergence. Younger units, probably as old as 700 ka, downlap the eroded flank of the oldest unit and sublimestone foundation. Younger units comprise landward clastic facies deposited on abrasion platforms during eustatic highstand and seaward-coalescent fringe reef blankets deposited on preexisting slopes, mainly in transgression. Earlier models of ridged reefs of catch-up growth origin are not supported in windward Barbados. Shoreline angles, the updip tips of terrace floors and of younger limestone units, are isochronous markers of maximum highstand levels. Despite the lack of direct determination of their ages, shoreline angles provide the truest measures and highest values of emergence. Coral thought to indicate highstand growth gives moderately lower uplift rates due to depths of growth and collapse. Coral grown during transgression gives a marked error in emergence.
Anterior segment optical coherence tomography and ultrasound biomicroscopy for measuring thickness of corneal and bulbar conjunctival tumours
Authors: Lauwers Noémie , Janssens Katleen , Mertens Michelle , Mathysen Danny , Lammens Martin , de Keizer Rob J W , De Groot Veva 
Published: February 2021

Background/ObjectiveAnterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) are two non-invasive imaging techniques used for the measurement of tumour thickness in corneal and bulbar conjunctival tumours. Histopathology (HP), however, remains the gold standard for the measurement of tumour thickness. The aim of this study was to determine whether AS-OCT and UBM are as accurate as HP for measuring tumour thickness.MethodsForty-two corneal and bulbar conjunctival tumours were imaged using AS-OCT and UBM. Images were assessed and tumour thickness was measured. Eleven patients subsequently underwent surgical excision. All specimens were measured during histopathological analysis. The correlation of the thickness measurement on HP to AS-OCT and UBM was then statistically analysed. In cases where the tumour was not excised, thickness measurement comparisons between AS-OCT and UBM were analysed.ResultsAS-OCT and UBM measurements of tumour thickness were found to be significantly positively correlated (p=<0.001), as were UBM and HP thickness measurements (p=0.031). HP and AS-OCT measurements, however, only showed a mild but non-significant positive correlation.ConclusionBoth AS-OCT and UBM are useful techniques to image and measure the thickness of corneal and conjunctival bulbar tumours. While AS-OCT provides better details than UBM, it was more limited in visualising the posterior boundary of the tumour, particularly in malignant tumours. While thickness measurements of both methodologies were correlated, neither should yet be considered as replacements to the gold standard of HP.
Global Dietary Database 2017: data availability and gaps on 54 major foods, beverages and nutrients among 5.6 million children and adults from 1220 surveys worldwide
Authors: Miller Victoria , Singh Gitanjali M , Onopa Jennifer , Reedy Julia , Shi Peilin , Zhang Jianyi , Tahira Adeem , Shulkin Morris Masha L , Marsden Daniel P , Kranz Sarah , Stoyell Sally , Webb Patrick , Micha Renata , Mozaffarian Dariush 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundWe aimed to systematically identify, standardise and disseminate individual-level dietary intake surveys from up to 207 countries for 54 foods, beverages and nutrients, including subnational intakes by age, sex, education and urban/rural residence, from 1980 to 2015.MethodsBetween 2008–2011 and 2014–2020, the Global Dietary Database (GDD) project systematically searched for surveys assessing individual-level intake worldwide. We prioritised nationally or subnationally representative surveys using 24-hour recalls, Food-Frequency Questionnaires or short standardised questionnaires. Data were retrieved from websites or corresponding members as individual-level food group microdata or aggregate stratum-level data. Standardisation included quality assessment; data cleaning; categorising of foods and nutrients and their units; aggregation by demographic strata and energy adjustment.ResultsWe standardised and incorporated 1220 surveys into the final GDD 2017 database, together represented 188 countries and 99.0% of the world’s population in 2015. 72.1% were nationally, 17.0% subnationally, and 10.9% community-level representative. 41.2% used Food-Frequency Questionnaires; 23.4%, 24-hour recalls; 15.8%, Demographic Health Survey questionnaires; 13.1%, biomarkers and 6.4%, household surveys. 73.9% of surveys included data on children; 52.2%, by urban and rural residence; and 30.2%, by education. Most surveys were in high-income countries, followed by sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. Most commonly ascertained foods were fruits (N=803 surveys), non-starchy vegetables (N=787) and sugar-sweetened beverages (N=440); and nutrients, sodium (N=343), energy (N=256), calcium (N=224) and fibre (N=200). Least available data were on iodine, vitamin A, plant protein, selenium, added sugar and animal protein.ConclusionsThis systematic search, retrieval and standardised effort provides the most comprehensive empirical evidence on dietary intakes across and within countries worldwide.