bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing of thickness homogeneity of Si crystal membranes using GaAs Timepix detector
Authors: Zápražný Z. , Zaťko B. , Korytár D. , Gál N. , Jergel M. , Halahovets Y. , Ferrari C. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Silicon (Si) membranes were prepared using high precision advance nanomachining technology utilizing single point diamond turning (SPDT). We showed that SPDT allowed to produce membranes with a surface undulation down to 500 nm over diameter of 7800 μm which corresponds to a high accuracy of the surface profile. We used X-ray digital radiography based on absorption contrast for a non-destructive measurement of the thickness distribution within a thin Si crystal membrane. The semi-insulating Gallium Arsenide (SI GaAs) pixel detector bump-bonded to the Timepix readout chip was used as a highly efficient single photon counting X-ray imaging detector. Comparison of thickness values obtained by the SI GaAs Timepix detector with values obtained with a surface stand-type micrometer gauge showed comparable results and the thickness variation within the membrane was clearly detected with a standard deviation down to 8.4 μm. The thickness resolution down to 5 μm over distances of 4–8 mm was achieved in selected areas of the sample.
The Strip SiPM: a study of single photon time resolution
Authors: Doroud K. , Kim D.W. , Kwon K.H. , Liu Z. , Min B.G. , Williams M.C.S. , Zichichi A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Strip Silicon PhotoMultiplier (SiPM) allows a photosensitive area to be created that has excellent time resolution coupled to good position resolution. However, as the SiPM is made larger it becomes more difficult to extract the signal produced by a single photon; we thus are using the NINO ASIC as the front-end amplifier. The NINO ASIC dissipates 40 mW of heat per channel. SiPMs are sensitive to temperature; increasing the temperature leads to higher noise and a higher breakdown voltage. For the best timing performance the front-end electronics should be mounted as close to the SiPM as possible; however if, for example, the front-end electronics are mounted on the backside of the SiPM, it would be very difficult to control the temperature of the SiPM. Given this, we chose to mount the NINO ASIC on the printed circuit board (PCB) away from the strip SiPM so that a cooling system can be added. We present here the performance of an array of 16 strip SiPMs readout by 4 NINO ASICs coupled by ∼5 cm of PCB track length. The performance has been evaluated by the measurement of the Single Photon Time Resolution (SPTR) and also the position resolution along the strip determined from the time difference of the signals at each end.
Ambient temperature and hospitalizations for acute kidney injury in Queensland, Australia, 1995–2016
Authors: Lu Peng , Xia Guoxin , Tong Shilu , Bell Michelle , Li Shanshan , Guo Yuming 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
To examine the associations between ambient temperature and hospitalizations for acute kidney injury (AKI) in Queensland, Australia, 1995–2016. Data were collected on a total of 34 379 hospitalizations for AKI from Queensland between 1 January 1995 and 31 December 2016. Meteorological data were downloaded from the Queensland Government’s Department of Environment and Science. We assessed the temperature-AKI relationship using a time-stratified case-crossover design fitted with conditional quasi-Poisson regression model and time-varying distributed lag non-linear model. Stratified analyses were performed by age, sex, climate zone and socioeconomic group. Both cold and hot temperatures were associated with hospitalizations for AKI. There were stronger temperature-AKI associations among women than men. Cold effects were only positive in the ⩾70 years age group. Hot effects were stronger in the ⩽59 years age group than in the >60 years age group. In different climate zone areas, cold effects decreased with increasing local mean temperatures, while hot effects increased. In different socio-economic status groups, hot effects were stronger in the poor areas than the affluent areas. From 1995 to 2016, the magnitude of associations between cold temperature and hospitalizations for AKI decreased, while the hot effect increased. The associations between hot temperature and hospitalizations for AKI become stronger, while the magnitude of cold effect decreased from 1995 to 2016. This trend may accelerate over the coming decades, which warrants further research. More attention is needed toward susceptible population including women, people ⩾70 years, and the people living in hot climate zones and in low socioeconomic status areas.
Interlayer and interfacial stress transfer in hBN nanosheets
Authors: Wang Weimiao , Li Zheling , Marsden Alex J , Bissett Mark A , Young Robert J 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Stress transfer has been investigated for exfoliated hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) nanosheets (BNNSs) through the use of Raman spectroscopy. Single BNNSs of different thicknesses of up to 100 nm (300 layers) were deposited upon a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) substrate and deformed in unixial tension. The Raman spectra from the BNNSs were relatively weak compared to graphene, but the in-plane E2g Raman mode (the G band) could be distinguished from the spectrum of the PMMA substrate. It was found that G band down-shifted during tensile deformation and that the rate of band shift per unit strain decreased as the thickness of the BNNSs increased, as is found for multi-layer graphene. The efficiency of internal stress transfer between the different hBN layers was found to be of the order of 99% compared to 60%–80% for graphene, as a result of the stronger bonding between the hBN layers in the BNNSs. The reduction in bandshift rate can be related to the effective Young’s modulus of the 2D material in a nanocomposites and the findings show that it would be expected that even 100 layer BNNSs should have a Young’s modulus of more than half that of hBN monolayer. Interfacial stress transfer between a single hBN nanosheet and the PMMA substrate has been evaluated using shear lag theory. It is found that the interfacial shear stress between the BNNS and the substrate is of the order of 10 MPa, a factor of around 4 higher than that for a graphene monolayer. These findings imply that BNNSs should give better mechanical reinforcement than graphene in polymer-based nanocomposites as a result of good internal interlayer stress transfer within the nanosheets and better interfacial stress transfer to the polymer matrix.
An experimental assisted mathematical modeling to study the desorption capacity of the clay based solid desiccant
Authors: Parthiban Mohanram , Chenrayan Venkatesh , Venkatachalam Chandraprabhu , Shahapurkar Kiran , Bekele Addisu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Since the moisture present in the vegetables and fruits are initially more, they are endangered to spoil quickly. The ability of the desiccant materials to absorb moisture can be used for drying. By incorporating desiccants in the drying process, drying can also be carried out during no sunshine periods. The absorbed moisture can be desorbed by passing hot air stream through the desiccants. A cylindrical desiccant mould with varying diameters of concentric holes, comprising of vermiculite (20%), bentonite (60%), cement (10%) and calcium chloride (10%) has been prepared. The sizes of the concentric holes were made in three different diameters as 6, 12 and 18 mm. Different mass flow rates and temperatures were followed to conduct the experiment as per Box- Benhen design. The ANOVA analysis was performed to arrive the percentage of contribution of influence over the desorption. Various indicators including the percentage of error between measured and predicted responses were employed to uphold the accuracy of the proposed mathematical model. The extensive statistical study reveals that the 6 mm of hole diameter, 0.003 Kg m−2s of mass flow rate and 60 °C temperature are the optimal parameters for the solid desiccant to regenerate effectively.
The Development of a COVID-19 Control Measures Risk Matrix for Occupational Hygiene Protective Measures
Authors: Williams Kelvin , Cherrie John W , Dobbie John , Agius Raymond M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The British Occupational Hygiene Society (BOHS) COVID-19 Working Group developed a control banding matrix to provide guidance for employers and others to help assess the risks of COVID-19 infection during the pandemic. The matrix was based on occupational hygiene principles and the judgement of the occupational health practitioners involved; since objective data on workers’ exposure were unavailable. Users of the matrix identify one of five exposure categories based on generic job descriptions and example occupations, and these categories are linked to generic guidance on interventions at source, on the exposure pathway and for individual workers. The risk matrix was published on the BOHS website and the guidance has been downloaded more than 2000 times. The matrix has had limited evaluation for reliability, but the data suggest that the highest exposure ranked jobs were associated with higher age-standardized mortality in Britain during the pandemic. However, there was considerable variability in exposure assignments between assessors, which underlines the need for the control guidance to be precautionary. The BOHS calls on academic researchers to undertake further work to validate the reliability of the tool.
Using Big Data to Assess Legitimacy of Plastic Surgery Information on Social Media
Authors: Chartier Christian , Lee Justine C , Borschel Gregory , Chandawarkar Akash 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
The proliferation of social media in plastic surgery poses significant difficulties for the public in determining legitimacy of information. This work proposes a system based on social network analysis (SNA) to assess the legitimacy of information contributors within a plastic surgery community.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to quantify the centrality of individual or group accounts on plastic surgery social media by means of a model based on academic plastic surgery and a single social media outlet.

Methods
To develop the model, a high-fidelity, active, and legitimate source account in academic plastic surgery (@psrc1955, Plastic Surgery Research Council) appearing only on Instagram (Facebook, Menlo Park, CA) was chosen. All follower-followed relationships were then recorded, and Gephi (https://gephi.org/) was used to compute 5 different centrality metrics for each contributor within the network.

Results
In total, 64,737 unique users and 116,439 unique follower-followed relationships were identified within the academic plastic surgery community. Among the metrics assessed, the in-degree centrality metric is the gold standard for SNA, hence this metric was designated as the centrality factor. Stratification of 1000 accounts by centrality factor demonstrated that all of the top 40 accounts were affiliated with a plastic surgery residency program, a board-certified academic plastic surgeon, a professional society, or a peer-reviewed journal. None of the accounts in the top decile belonged to a non–plastic surgeon or non-physician; however, this increased significantly beyond the 50th percentile.

Conclusions
A data-driven approach was able to identify and successfully vet a core group of interconnected accounts within a single plastic surgery subcommunity for the purposes of determining legitimate sources of information.
NaViA: a program for the visual analysis of complex mass spectra
Authors: Quetschlich Daniel , Esser Tim K , Newport Thomas D , Fiorentino Francesco , Shutin Denis , Chen Siyun , Davis Rachel , Lovera Silvia , Liko Idlir , Stansfeld Phillip J , Robinson Carol V 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Native mass spectrometry is now a well-established method for the investigation of protein complexes, specifically their subunit stoichiometry and ligand binding properties. Recent advances allowing the analysis of complex mixtures lead to an increasing diversity and complexity in the spectra obtained. These spectra can be time-consuming to tackle through manual assignment and challenging for automated approaches.

Results
Native Mass Spectrometry Visual Analyser is a web-based tool to augment the manual process of peak assignment. In addition to matching masses to the stoichiometry of its component subunits, it allows raw data processing, assignment and annotation and permits mass spectra to be shared with their respective interpretation.

Availability and implementation
NaViA is open-source and can be accessed online under https://navia.ms. The source code and documentation can be accessed at https://github.com/d-que/navia, under the BSD 2-Clause licence.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
RápidoPGS: a rapid polygenic score calculator for summary GWAS data without a test dataset
Authors: Reales Guillermo , Vigorito Elena , Kelemen Martin , Wallace Chris 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Polygenic scores (PGS) aim to genetically predict complex traits at an individual level. PGS are typically trained on genome-wide association summary statistics and require an independent test dataset to tune parameters. More recent methods allow parameters to be tuned on the training data, removing the need for independent test data, but approaches are computationally intensive. Based on fine-mapping principles, we present RápidoPGS, a flexible and fast method to compute PGS requiring summary-level Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) datasets only, with little computational requirements and no test data required for parameter tuning.

Results
We show that RápidoPGS performs slightly less well than two out of three other widely used PGS methods (LDpred2, PRScs and SBayesR) for case–control datasets, with median r2 difference: -0.0092, -0.0042 and 0.0064, respectively, but up to 17 000-fold faster with reduced computational requirements. RápidoPGS is implemented in R and can work with user-supplied summary statistics or download them from the GWAS catalog.

Availability and implementation
Our method is available with a GPL license as an R package from CRAN and GitHub.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
3Dscript.server: true server-side 3D animation of microscopy images using a natural language-based syntax
Authors: Schmid Benjamin , Tripal Philipp , Winter Zoltán , Palmisano Ralph 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Summary
Creating 3D animations from microscopy data is computationally expensive and requires high-end hardware. We therefore developed 3Dscript.server, a 3D animation software that runs as a service on dedicated, shared workstations. Using 3Dscript as the underlying rendering engine, it offers unique features not found in existing software: rendering is performed completely server-side. The target animation is specified on the client without the rendering engine, eliminating any hardware requirements client-side. Still, defining an animation is intuitive due to 3Dscript’s natural language-based animation description. We implemented a new OMERO web app to utilize 3Dscript.server directly from the OMERO web interface; a Fiji client to use 3Dscript.server from Fiji for integration into image processing pipelines; and batch scripts to run 3Dscript.server on compute clusters for large-scale visualization projects.

Availability and implementation
Source code and documentation is available at https://github.com/bene51/omero_3Dscript, https://github.com/bene51/3Dscript.server and https://github.com/bene51/3Dscript.cluster.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Potential optimization of focused ultrasound capsulotomy for obsessive compulsive disorder
Authors: Germann Jürgen , Elias Gavin J B , Neudorfer Clemens , Boutet Alexandre , Chow Clement T , Wong Emily H Y , Parmar Roohie , Gouveia Flavia Venetucci , Loh Aaron , Giacobbe Peter , Kim Se Joo , Jung Hyun Ho , Bhat Venkat , Kucharczyk Walter , Chang Jin Woo , Lozano Andres M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a debilitating and often refractory psychiatric disorder. Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound is a novel, minimally invasive neuromodulatory technique that has shown promise in treating this condition.
We investigated the relationship between lesion location and long-term outcome in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder treated with focused ultrasound to discern the optimal lesion location and elucidate the efficacious network underlying symptom alleviation. Postoperative images of 11 patients who underwent focused ultrasound capsulotomy were used to correlate lesion characteristics with symptom improvement at 1-year follow-up. Normative resting-state functional MRI and normative diffusion MRI-based tractography analyses were used to determine the networks associated with successful lesions. Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder treated with inferior thalamic peduncle deep brain stimulation (n = 5) and lesions from the literature implicated in obsessive-compulsive disorder (n = 18) were used for external validation. Successful long-term relief of obsessive-compulsive disorder was associated with lesions that included a specific area in the dorsal anterior limb of the internal capsule.
Normative resting-state functional MRI analysis showed that lesion engagement of areas 24 and 46 was significantly associated with clinical outcomes (R = 0.79, P = 0.004). The key role of areas 24 and 46 was confirmed by (i) normative diffusion MRI-based tractography analysis, showing that streamlines associated with better outcome projected to these areas; (ii) association of these areas with outcomes in patients receiving inferior thalamic peduncle deep brain stimulation (R = 0.83, P = 0.003); and (iii) the connectedness of these areas to obsessive-compulsive disorder-causing lesions, as identified using literature-based lesion network mapping.
These results provide considerations for target improvement, outlining the specific area of the internal capsule critical for successful magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound outcome and demonstrating that discrete frontal areas are involved in symptom relief. This could help refine focused ultrasound treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder and provide a network-based rationale for potential alternative targets.
Neuromodulation of Visual Cortex Reduces the Intensity of Intrusive Memories
Authors: Herz Noa , Bar-Haim Yair , Tavor Ido , Tik Niv , Sharon Haggai , Holmes Emily A , Censor Nitzan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAversive events can be reexperienced as involuntary and spontaneous mental images of the event. Given that the vividness of retrieved mental images is coupled with elevated visual activation, we tested whether neuromodulation of the visual cortex would reduce the frequency and negative emotional intensity of intrusive memories. Intrusive memories of a viewed trauma film and their accompanied emotional intensity were recorded throughout 5 days. Functional connectivity, measured with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging prior to film viewing, was used as predictive marker for intrusions-related negative emotional intensity. Results indicated that an interaction between the visual network and emotion processing areas predicted intrusions’ emotional intensity. To test the causal influence of early visual cortex activity on intrusions’ emotional intensity, participants’ memory of the film was reactivated by brief reminders 1 day following film viewing, followed by inhibitory 1 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over early visual cortex. Results showed that visual cortex inhibitory stimulation reduced the emotional intensity of later intrusions, while leaving intrusion frequency and explicit visual memory intact. Current findings suggest that early visual areas constitute a central node influencing the emotional intensity of intrusive memories for negative events. Potential neuroscience-driven intervention targets designed to downregulate the emotional intensity of intrusive memories are discussed.
Mr Prebisch on the asymmetric Gold Standard
Authors: Libman Emiliano 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPrebisch is responsible for three significant but often ignored contributions to international macroeconomics. First, Prebisch characterised the Gold Standard as an unstable and asymmetric system, which worked for peripheral countries only when there was a balance of payments surplus. Second, Prebisch considered that the increasing importance of the US economy was the main reason for the collapse of the Gold Standard and the Great Depression, and rejected explanations based on the inflexibility of wages and prices. Third, and as response to the abovementioned issues, Prebisch implemented several policies in Argentina during the 1930s, lifting the country out of the crisis. These theoretical insights and the policy prescriptions predated significant contributions by eminent scholars and proved to be successful during the last decades.
Clinical impact of low coverage in whole-exome genetic testing in the assessment of familial arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy: a case report
Authors: Costa Sarah , Pons Elisa , Medeiros-Domingo Argelia , Saguner Ardan M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is an inherited condition, with approximately 60% of patients carrying a possibly disease-causing genetic variant. Known desmosomal genes account for about 50% of those variants. We herein report a family with ARVC in which a pathogenic desmosomal variant was missed because of the initial genetic testing method.

Case summary
A 54-year-old man diagnosed with ARVC underwent genetic cascade screening for a heterozygous titin variant (TTN: c.26542C&gt;T), detected in his phenotypically affected sister. He did not harbour this TTN variant. Moreover, reclassification of this variant based on the American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) 2015 criteria showed it to be likely benign. Upon genetic re-screening with a dedicated cardiomyopathy panel a heterozygous missense variant in desmoglein-2 (DSG2: c.152G&gt;C) was found. His sister’s DNA was re-analysed and the same DSG2 variant was detected, and classified as LP (likely pathogenic) by current literature.

Discussion
The initial genetic screening tool used in the patient’s sister (whole-exome sequencing, WES) failed to detect the likely causative desmosomal variant in our family. While WES represents a good tool in searching for novel genes in Trio Analysis, it has a low DNA coverage in important regions (mean 10×) of known ARVC-associated genes. We therefore propose using smaller panels with better coverage in the clinical setting, such as Trusight-cardio (mean DNA coverage 100–300×) as an initial genetic screening method.