bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Not out of the woods yet: Signatures of the prolonged negative genetic consequences of a population bottleneck in a rapidly re‐expanding wader, the black‐faced spoonbill Platalea minor
Authors: Li Shou‐Hsien , Liu Yang , Yeh Chia‐Fen , Fu Yuchen , Yeung Carol K. L. , Lee Chun‐Cheng , Chiu Chi‐Cheng , Kuo Tung Hui , Chan Fang‐Tse , Chen Yu‐Chia , Ko Wen‐Ya , Yao Cheng‐Te 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe long‐term persistence of a population which has suffered a bottleneck partly depends on how historical demographic dynamics impacted its genetic diversity and the accumulation of deleterious mutations. Here we provide genomic evidence for the genetic effect of a recent population bottleneck in the endangered black‐faced spoonbill (Platalea minor) after its rapid population recovery. Our data suggest that the bird's effective population size, Ne, had been relatively stable (7500–9000) since 22,000 years ago; however, a recent brief yet severe bottleneck (Ne = 20) which we here estimated to occur around the 1940s wiped out >99% of its historical Ne in roughly three generations. Despite a >15‐fold population recovery since 1988, we found that black‐faced spoonbill population has higher levels of inbreeding (7.4 times more runs of homozygosity) than its sister species, the royal spoonbill (P. regia), which is not thought to have undergone a marked population contraction. Although the two spoonbills have similar levels of genome‐wide genetic diversity, our results suggest that selection on more genes was relaxed in the black‐faced spoonbill; moreover individual black‐faced spoonbills carry more putatively deleterious mutations (Grantham's score > 50), and may therefore express more deleterious phenotypic effects than royal spoonbills. Here we demonstrate the value of using genomic indices to monitor levels of genetic erosion, inbreeding and mutation load in species with conservation concerns. To mitigate the prolonged negative genetic effect of a population bottleneck, we recommend that all possible measures should be employed to maintain population growth of a threatened species.
A retrospective study on patients with chronic knee pain treated with ultrasound‐guided radiofrequency of the genicular nerves (RECORGEN trial)
Authors: Belba Amy , Vanneste Thibaut , Van Kuijk Sander M. J. , Mesotten Dieter , Mestrum Roel , Van Boxem Koen , Van Lantschoot Astrid , Bellemans Johan , Van de Velde Marc , Van Zundert Jan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionRadiofrequency (RF) treatment of the genicular nerves is a promising treatment for chronic osteoarthritic and persistent postsurgical knee pain (PPSP), refractory to conventional medical management.MethodsThe RECORGEN study is a retrospective single‐center cohort study of patients treated with ultrasound‐guided conventional RF of the genicular nerves for chronic knee pain in Hospital Oost‐Limburg, Genk from September 2017 to June 2020. Subgroup analysis based on etiology of pain (PPSP and degenerative knee pain) was performed in addition to the total study population analysis. Outcome parameters were global perceived effect (GPE), Numeric Rating Scale for pain, consumption of strong opioids, and safety of the treatment at 6 weeks and cross‐sectionally at a variable time point. Treatment success was defined as GPE≥50%.ResultsSixty‐eight cases were screened of which 59 (46 diagnosed with PPSP and 13 with degenerative knee pain) were included in the study. Treatment success at 6 weeks was achieved in 19 of 59 interventions (32.2%) and was similar in both groups. Seventeen responders were evaluated at follow‐up. 45.1% (8/17) continued to have a positive effect at the second time point. The mean duration of effect of the RF treatment was 8.3 months. Safety analysis at 6 weeks and at the second time point showed a good safety profile of the treatment.ConclusionConventional RF of the genicular nerves was clinically successful in more than 30% of the study population refractory to conventional medical management. Overall, the treatment was well tolerated. The mean duration of effect was 8.3 months.
Exogenous melatonin mitigates salinity‐induced damage in olive seedlings by modulating ion homeostasis, antioxidant defense, and phytohormone balance
Authors: Zahedi Seyed Morteza , Hosseini Marjan Sadat , Fahadi Hoveizeh Narjes , Gholami Rahmatollah , Abdelrahman Mostafa , Tran Lam‐Son Phan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMelatonin (MEL) is a ubiquitous molecule with pleiotropic roles in plant adaption to stress. In this study, we investigated the effects of foliar spray of 100 and 200 μM MEL on the biochemical and physiological traits linked with the growth performance of olive seedlings exposed to moderate (45 mM NaCl) and severe (90 mM NaCl) salinity. Both salt stress conditions caused a considerable reduction in leaf relative water content and the contents of photosynthetic pigments (carotenoids, chlorophylls a and b, and total chlorophylls), K+ and Ca+2, while the contents of Na+ and the activities of antioxidant enzymes increased. In addition, salt‐stressed olive seedlings showed high accumulations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), and electrolyte leakage (EL), indicating that olive seedlings suffered from salinity‐induced oxidative damage. In contrast, MEL application revived the growth of olive seedlings, including shoot height, root length and biomass under salt stress conditions. MEL protected the photosynthetic pigments and decreased the Na+/K+ ratio under both moderate and severe salt stresses. Furthermore, MEL induced the accumulations of proline, total soluble sugars, glycine betaine, abscisic acid, and indole acetic acid in salt‐stressed olive seedlings, which showed a positive correlation with improved leaf water status and biomass. MEL application also increased the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and peroxidase in salt‐stressed seedlings, resulting in lower levels of H2O2, MDA, and EL in these plants. Taken together, MEL mitigates salinity through its roles in various biochemical and physiological processes, thereby representing a promising agent for application in crop protection.
Emotional distress among older adults during the COVID‐19 outbreak: understanding the longitudinal psychological impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: López Javier , Perez‐Rojo Gema , Noriega Cristina , Martinez‐Huertas Jose Angel , Velasco Cristina 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundOlder adults have proven their ability to overcome adversities throughout their life. This study aims to assess the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on older adultsʼ psychological distress (anxiety and depression) over time.MethodsA community‐dwelling Spaniard population (N = 192) completed a survey and reported on their sociodemographic characteristics, appraisal and personal resources. Older adults took part in a longitudinal online survey collected in April 2020 (during the lockdown restrictions) and at two subsequent time points 3 and 9 months after baseline (without lockdown restrictions and during the third wave of the pandemic respectively).ResultsOlder adults did not evidence higher emotional distress than during the initial lockdown. Furthermore, depression remained stable and anxiety significantly decreased. Results also suggest that some sociodemographic characteristics, appraisals and personal resources are relevant. Older participants showed less anxiety than younger ones. Furthermore, being a male, resilience, and acceptance were related with the decrease of anxiety. Otherwise, fear of the COVID‐19 outbreak and depression were related with the increase of anxiety.ConclusionOlder adults may adapt to the adverse pandemic impact by using more adaptive resources that reduce their distress. Efforts to ameliorate older adults' anxiety by focusing on older adults' personal resources should be considered.
Severe oral ulcerative and lichenoid lesions associated with adrenal insufficiency in a patient treated with nivolumab: Report of a case and review of literature
Authors: Gobbi Marcella Ferreira , Eduardo Fernanda de Paula , Bezinelli Leticia Mello , de Carvalho Danielle Lima Correa , Monção do Vale Silvana Kelly , Corrêa Luciana 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNivolumab, an antibody against anti‐programmed death type 1, has been used for treatment of advanced non‐small cell lung cancer with improvement of overall survival. Usually, diarrhea, cutaneous rash, and pruritus are reported as the most common immune‐related adverse effects of nivolumab therapy. Oral lesions and secondary adrenal insufficiency sometimes occur but usually are rare events. We report a case of a patient treated with nivolumab who then showed persistent oral ulcerative and lichenoid lesions, which were refractory to topical corticosteroids. The oral lesions were concomitant to nivolumab‐induced adrenal insufficiency. These adverse events led to nivolumab discontinuation, which favored oral lesion healing and adrenal insufficiency remission. Through a brief review of the literature concerning nivolumab toxicity in the oral cavity, we discuss the clinical aspect and management of these lesions.
Long-term neuropsychiatric symptoms in spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage survivors
Authors: Scopelliti Giuseppe , Casolla Barbara , Boulouis Grégoire , Kuchcinski Gregory , Moulin Solène , Leys Didier , Henon Hilde , Cordonnier Charlotte , Pasi Marco 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveNeuropsychiatric (NP) symptoms are prominent features of cognitive decline, but they have been understudied in patients with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). In ICH survivors, we aimed at assessing NP symptoms prevalence and profiles, and their influence on long-term outcomes.MethodsWe analysed data from consecutive 6-month ICH survivors enrolled in the Prognosis of Intracerebral Haemorrhage study. We performed NP evaluation using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire. Patients underwent long-term clinical follow-up after ICH (median follow-up time 7.2 years, IQR 4.8–8.2).ResultsOut of 560 patients with ICH, 265 survived at 6 months. NP evaluation 6 months after ICH was feasible in 202 patients. NP symptoms were present in 112 patients (55%), and in 36 out of 48 patients (75%) with post-ICH dementia. Affective symptoms were present in 77 patients (38%), followed by vegetative symptoms (52 patients, 26%) and hyperactivity (47 patients, 23%). Apathy and hyperactivity were associated with post-ICH dementia and cerebral amyloid angiopathy MRI profile (all p<0.05). Apathy and hyperactivity prevailing over affective symptoms at 6-month follow-up were associated with higher risks of developing new-onset dementia (HR 5.40; 95% CI 2.27 to 12.84), while presence or severity of NP symptoms were not.ConclusionNP symptoms were present in more than half of 6-month ICH survivors, with higher prevalence and severity in patients with post-ICH dementia. Distinctive NP profile might be associated to cognitive status and inform on long-term dementia risk.
Time for nonilluvial Bt horizons?
Authors: Pennock Dan , Fisher Kendra 
Published: November 2021

The Bt horizon is the diagnostic horizon of the Luvisolic Order in Canada. According to the Canadian System of Soil Classification (CSSC), the Bt must be formed from clay illuviation through the processes of lessivage (i.e., physical transport of clay). In a study of a Luvisol catena in the central Saskatchewan, we demonstrate that Ae/Bm horizons overlying IIBt horizons are formed in a sandy mantle overlying till (i.e., a lithological discontinuity) and that the sandy mantle contributed negligible amounts of illuvial clay despite the presence of clay skins on ped surfaces in the IIBt horizon. We extended the results of this study to the regional scale by examining sand fractions in 63 pedons of Luvisol-dominated soil associations from soil surveys in the Northern Forest Reserves (between latitudes 53°N and 55°N). Of the 63 pedons, 13 had lithological discontinuities identified in their profile description and a further 27 had discontinuities identified through shifts in the sand fractions between horizons. For the profiles with discontinuities, inherited particle size differences are a more likely cause of coarse-over-fine textural contrasts than lessivage. A regional analysis of the distribution of Luvisol-dominated associations showed distinct zonations that account, in part, for the differences in the occurrence of lithological discontinuities. Based on these results, we suggest that the criteria for Bt horizons in the CSSC should be broadened to include nonilluvial coarse-over-fine texture-contrast horizons and that the criteria for the Luvisolic order also be broadened to include these nonilluvial Bt horizons.
Half-a-century of gamma-ray astrophysics at the Max-Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
Authors: Schönfelder Volker , Greiner Jochen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGamma-ray astronomy has been one of the prime scientific research fields of the Max-Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (MPE) from its beginning. Over the years, the entire gamma-ray energy range accessible from space was explored. The purpose of this review article is to summarise the achievements of the gamma-ray group at MPE during the last 50+ years. This covers a substantial part of the general history of space-based gamma-ray astronomy, for which both, general review articles (e.g. Pinkau in Exp Astron 5: 157, 2009; Schönfelder in AN 323: 524, 2002; Trimble in AIP Conf Proc 304: 40, 1994) and a detailed tabular list of events and missions (Leonard and Gehrels inhttps://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/history, version 1.0.8, 2009), have been compiled. Here, we describe the gamma-ray activities at MPE from the beginning till the present, reviewing the tight interplay between new technological developments towards new instruments and scientific progress in understanding gamma-ray sources in the sky. This covers (i) the early development of instruments and their tests on half a dozen balloon flights, (ii) the involvement in the most important space missions at the time, i.e. ESA’s COS-B satellite, NASA’s Compton Gamma-ray Observatory and Fermi Space Telescope, as well as ESA’s INTEGRAL observatory, (iii) the participation in several other missions such as TD-1, Solar Maximum Mission, or Ulysses, and (iv) the complementary ground-based optical instruments OPTIMA and GROND to enhance selected science topics (pulsars, gamma-ray bursts). With the gradual running-out of institutional support since 2010, gamma-ray astrophysics as a main research field has now come to an end at MPE.
Contact interactions: the two-dimensional case
Authors: Delll’Antonio G. F. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe prove that in two dimensions the contact interaction of two wave functions is represented by a self-adjoint operator. Together with a confining potential, this provides a stable condensate of two-particle systems. Recall that in three dimensions one has a condensate of four wave functions in contact interaction (the Bose–Einstein condensate).
D-dimensional self-gravitating lattice gas in general relativity
Authors: Bakhti Benaoumeur 
Published: October 2021

Using a lattice equation of state combined with the D-dimensional Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equation and the Friedmann equations, we investigate the possibility of the formation of compact objects as well as the time evolution of the scale factor and the density profile of a self-gravitating material cluster. The numerical results show that in a ([Formula: see text])-dimensional space–time, the mass is independent of the central pressure. Hence, the formation of only compact objects with a finite constant mass similar to the white dwarf is possible. However, in a ([Formula: see text])-dimensional space–time, self-gravity leads to the formation of compact objects with a large gap of mass and the corresponding phase diagram has the same structure as the one for Neutron Star. The results also show that beyond certain critical central pressure, the star is unstable against gravitational collapse, and it may end in a black hole. Analysis of space–times of higher dimensions shows that gravity has the stronger effect in [Formula: see text] dimensions. Numerical solutions of the Friedmann equations show that the effect of the curvature of space–time increases with the increasing temperature, but decreases with the increasing dimensionality beyond [Formula: see text].
Electronic irradiation of TlInSxSe2−x (x = 1): Morphology, structure and raman scattering
Authors: Tashmetov M. Yu. , Khallokov F. K. , Ismatov N. B. , Yuldashova I. I. , Umarov S. Kh. 
Published: October 2021

It is shown that the replacement of a part of sulfur atoms with selenium atoms in a TlInS2single crystal stimulates the formation of a single-phase state with a monoclinic structure (space group [Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text] in TlInS[Formula: see text]Se[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]). Irradiation with 2 MeV electrons and a fluence of [Formula: see text] electron/cm2of powder TlInS[Formula: see text]Se[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) leads to an increase in the crystallite size from 56.5 nm to 65 nm, which is most likely associated with a decrease in the interface.The difference between the surface morphology of the synthesized TlInS[Formula: see text]Se[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) single crystal and the surface morphology of the TlInS2single crystal is established, which consists in a decrease in the height and width of the roughness in TlInS[Formula: see text]Se[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]). Irradiation of a TlInS[Formula: see text]Se[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) single crystal with electrons with a fluence of [Formula: see text] electron/cm2does not lead to a change in the height of the tubercle on its surface, and the average value of its width increases more than ten-fold.The identity of the peaks in the Raman spectra of the TlInS[Formula: see text]Se[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) single crystal before and after its irradiation with electrons with an energy of 2 MeV and upto a fluence of [Formula: see text] electron/cm2, along with the absence of a shift of the peaks, indicates the radiation resistance of the TlInS[Formula: see text]Se[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) single crystal.
8-Azaadenosine and 8-Chloroadenosine are not Selective Inhibitors of ADAR
Authors: Cottrell Kyle A. , Soto-Torres Luisangely , Dizon Michael G. , Weber Jason D. 
Published: November 2021

The RNA editing enzyme ADAR is an attractive therapeutic target for multiple cancers. Through its deaminase activity, ADAR edits adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNAs. Loss of ADAR in some cancer cell lines causes activation of the type I IFN pathway and the PKR translational repressor, leading to inhibition of proliferation and stimulation of cell death. As such, inhibition of ADAR function is a viable therapeutic strategy for many cancers. However, there are no FDA-approved inhibitors of ADAR. Two small molecules have been previously shown to inhibit ADAR or reduce its expression: 8-azaadenosine and 8-chloroadenosine. Here we show that neither molecule is a selective inhibitor of ADAR. Both 8-azaadenosine and 8-chloroadenosine show similar toxicity to ADAR-dependent and -independent cancer cell lines. Furthermore, the toxicity of both small molecules is comparable between cell lines with either knockdown or overexpression of ADAR, and cells with unperturbed ADAR expression. Treatment with neither molecule causes activation of PKR. Finally, treatment with either molecule has no effect on A-to-I editing of multiple ADAR substrates. Together, these data show that 8-azaadenosine and 8-chloroadenosine are not suitable small molecules for therapies that require selective inhibition of ADAR, and neither should be used in preclinical studies as ADAR inhibitors.

Significance:
ADAR is a good therapeutic target for multiple cancers; neither 8-chloroadenosine nor 8-azaadenosine are selective inhibitors of ADAR.
ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ В СИСТЕМУ НАВЧАЛЬНОГО ПРОЦЕСУ ПРОГРАМ ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТІВ-ПАРАМЕДИКІВ НА КАФЕДРІ ПСИХІАТРІЇ, НАРКОЛОГІЇ ТА МЕДИЧНОЇ ПСИХОЛОГІЇ ТЕРНОПІЛЬСЬКОГО НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО МЕДИЧНОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ
Authors: Венгер О. П. , Мисула Ю. І. , Смашна О. Є. , Сас Л. М. , Білоус В. С. , Люта О. О. , Іваніцька Т. І. , Гусєва Т. П. , Коваль М. Є. , Пастушак В. О. 
Published: November 2021

Мета: висвітлити основні засади освітньо-професійної програми підготовки для студентів-парамедиків, що викладають на кафедрі.
Матеріали і методи. У ході виконання дослідження використано бібліографічний метод та метод структурно-логічного аналізу. Методичною основою дослідження став системний підхід.
Результати. У статті проаналізовано навчальні програми «Основи загальної психології та психології кризових станів» та «Екстрена психіатрична допомога», що впроваджували на базі кафедри з початку 2018 навчального року. Висвітлено нові аспекти вивчення навчальних дисциплін, актуальних для майбутніх парамедиків. Визначено, що протягом періоду навчання на кафедрі студенти мають можливість повною мірою відпрацювати в індивідуальному порядку практичні навички у наданні психологічної допомоги, спробувати свої сили в командній роботі та отримати зво­ротний зв’язок від викладачів. Дані методи симуляційного навчання критично необ­хідні для вироблення вміння взаємодіяти один з одним, встановлювати контакти з пацієнтом, чітко діяти в надзвичайних ситуаціях та прогнозувати можливі реакції пацієнтів у стресових ситуаціях.
Висновки. Розроблені на кафедрі психіатрії, наркології та медичної психології програ­ми підготовки активно сприяють розвитку клінічного мислення майбутнього фахівця-парамедика, дають необхідні знання, алгоритми дій, тренують оперативно діяти у критичній ситуації та надавати якісну психологічну допомогу.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПЕРИМЕНОПАУЗАЛЬНОГО ПЕРІОДУ В ЖІНОК ЗАХОДУ УКРАЇНИ ЗАЛЕЖНО ВІД МІСЦЯ ПРОЖИВАННЯ
Authors: Козак Х. В. 
Published: November 2021

Мета дослідження – вивчити особливості функціонування репродуктивної системи жінок перименопаузального періоду на територіях дослідження залежно від місця їх проживання та із врахуванням акушерського, гінекологічного анамнезу.
Матеріали і методи. У проспективне дослідження було залучено 138 жінок у перименопаузальному періоді життя (жителі міст (n=112) та сіл (n=26)), які комплексно клінічно обстежені на наявність гінекологічної, екстрагенітальної патології та вміст вітаміну D у сироватці крові.
Результати дослідження та їх обговорення. Жінки перименопаузального періоду мали впродовж життя анамнестично визначені обтяжуючі чинники (алергічні реакції, захворювання грудних залоз у минулому, ускладнений анамнез щодо репродуктивної функції). Середній рівень вітаміну D у сироватках крові жінок загальної групи не відповідав достатньому рівню (26,34±0,93) та був дещо вищий у середньому в групі жінок, які проживали в місті (27±1,04), та нижчий відповідного показника у жительок сіл (23,52±1,97). Середній показник кількості вагітностей переважав у групі сільського населення, кількість завмерлих вагітностей була достовірно більша у жінок із міста (р≤0,01). Лише у (12,32±2,8) % жінок при зверненні були відсутні гінекологічні захворювання. Спектр гінекологічних уражень у пацієнток був представлений 22 синдромами. Достовірної різниці проаналізованих показників у групах порівняння залежно від місця проживання жінок не встановлено (р≤0,01). За результатами обстежень у динаміці достовірно частіше у жінок сільської місцевості виявляли гіперполіменорею (р=0,04), уретероцеле, ректоцеле (р=0,04), незапальні хвороби жіночих статевих органів (р=0,04). Різниці у спектрі іншої підтвердженої гінекологічної патології, скарг у групах жінок за місцем проживання не встановлено (р≥0,05). Дані результатів гормональних досліджень показали дисбаланс гормонального статусу в жінок перименопаузального періоду та наявність у них ризиків формування низки патологічних станів, що асоційовані із інсулінорезистентністю.
Висновки. Представлені сучасні дані щодо особливостей перебігу перименопаузального періоду в жінок досліджуваної групи підтвердили необхідність індивідуалізованого ведення пацієнток із врахуванням їх акушерського, гінекологічного анамнезу та місця проживання.