bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated Work Flow Delivers Precise Properties Input for Unconventional Simulation
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: December 2021

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 203374, “Is My Completions Engineer Provided With the Correct Petrophysical and Geomechanical Properties Inputs?” by Philippe Gaillot, Brian Crawford, and Yueming Liang, SPE, ExxonMobil, et al., prepared for the 2020 Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, Abu Dhabi, held virtually 9–12 November. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
To simulate the performance of unconventional wells effectively, incorporating sufficient geological complexity is essential to allow for realistic variability in the petrophysical and mechanical properties controlling the productivity of the effective stimulated rock volume (ESRV). The complete paper presents an integrated work flow to model mechanical properties at sufficiently high resolution (centimeter scale) to accurately honor rock fabric and its height and complexity effects on hydraulic fracturing and, therefore, on production. Once upscaled, outputs of this work flow enable a more-realistic borehole view of reservoir quality, fluid-flow units, and geomechanical stratigraphy, all information key to optimal asset development.

Introduction
Simulating hydraulic fractures with pre-existing natural mechanical discontinuities remains an important challenge. In most cases, the trend is to include more details in the simulations and apply more computational power to solve the problem. While these complex numerical simulations allow simultaneous interaction between multiple phenomena, the validity of the predicted hydraulic fractures, and thus ESRV productivity, may be questionable if inputs to the hydraulic-fracturing and production models do not capture the effective fine-scale complexity of the formation properties, namely the minimum in-situ horizontal stress contrast between layers, the changing layer properties, and the mechanical and flow properties of the interfaces.
The complete paper presents a seven-step work flow wherein core poroelastic anisotropies derived from quantitative mineralogy and well-established micro-mechanical theory are integrated into a high-vertical-resolution multiphysics petrophysical model able to capture the centimeter-scale level of heterogeneity observed from cores. The resulting high-vertical-resolution well frame-work enables a detailed well-scale calibration and recognition of facies and stacking patterns; an accurate and core-calibrated geochemical, petrophysical, and geomechanical characterization of individual beds; and an identification and characterization of the interfaces between beds.
Association Between Chinese Herbal Medicine (CHM) Treatment and Depression Among Cancer Patients in a Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Lin Huiyue , Zhang Xueting , Zhang Yi , Cui Wenjing , Jia Fang , Wang Juyong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Aim: This study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between Chinese Herbal Medicine treatment and depression in cancer patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among cancer outpatients at Longhua Hosiptal Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from June 2020 to April 2021; Ethical approval number:2020LCSY057). All patients signed informed consent and completed The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire. Hamilton depression scale was evaluated depression by psychiatrists. The software packages R and EmpowerStats were used for statistical analysis.Results: 374 was enrolled in Received Chinese Herbal Medicine treatment group and 435 was enrolled in Non-received Chinese Herbal Medicine treatment group. The assessment results of Hamilton depression scale and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire in Received Chinese Herbal Medicine treatment group were better than Non-received Chinese Herbal Medicine treatment group. After adjusting potential confounders (gender, medical insurance, cancer stage, et al), Chinese Herbal Medicine treatment indicated negative correlation with depression (OR=0.7, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.5 to 0.9). The interactions in each subgroup were no significantly effect on the relationship between Chinese Herbal Medicine treatment and depression.Conclusion: Chinese Herbal Medicine treatment was an independent protective factor for depression in cancer patients, and lead to better quality of life for cancer patients.
Clinical and Economic Burden of Bacteraemia Due To Multi-Drug-Resistant Organisms in Korea: A Prospectively Selected Case Control Study
Authors: Song Kyoung-Ho , Kim Chung-Jong , Choi Nam-Kyong , Ahn Jeonghoon , Choe Pyoeng Gyun , Park Wan Beom , Kim Nam Joong , Choi Hee Jung , Bae Ji Yun , Kim Eu Suk , Lee Hyunju , Park Jeong Su , Jung Younghee , Lee Seung Soon , Park Kyung-Hwa , Jung Sook-In , Kim Yeon-Sook , Bang Ji-Hwan , Lee Shinwon , Kang Yu Min , Kwak Yee Gyung , Kim Hong Bin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMultidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs), including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MRAB), multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MRPA), and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are particularly important public health threats, but their detailed clinical outcomes and socioeconomic burden are adequately addressed.MethodsWe prospectively searched for these MDROs bacteraemia cases with matched controls from 10 hospitals across Korea, in a 6-month period, in 2017. Patients were classified into the MDRO, susceptible organism, and no-infection groups. The corresponding susceptible or no-infection controls had similar principal diagnosis at admission time, major surgery or intervention during hospitalization, age (± 10 years), sex, and within ± 60 days of admission date. We collected detailed clinical information and estimated the total additional direct medical cost of each MDRO bacteraemia case using the multistate model. ResultsOf 486 MDRO bacteraemia cases identified for MRSA, MRAB, MRPA, CRE, and VRE, at 260, 87, 18, 20, and 101, respectively, their 90-day mortality rates (overall, 40.3%) were 30.4%, 63.2%, 16.7%, 55.0%, and 47.5%, respectively. Their additional medical costs (overall, $27,700) were $15,768, $35,682, $39,908, $72,051, and $33,662 (compared to the no-infection group), respectively. Overall, these five MDRO bacteraemia cases occurred in 7,979 patients, caused 3,280 deaths, and cost $294,505,002 (range, $170,627,020 to $416,094,679) socioeconomic loss. ConclusionsTremendous clinical and economic burden occurred with MDRO bacteraemia compared with those of antibiotic-susceptible and no-infection groups. Substantial investment and efforts by related government agencies and medical staffs are needed to urgently prevent the increase, spread and expansion of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Effects of Different Probiotic Strains B. Lactis, L. Rhamnosus and L. Reuteri on Brain-Intestinal Axis Immunomodulation in an Endotoxin-Induced Inflammation
Authors: Michels Monique , Jesus Gabriel Fernandes Alves , Abatti Mariane Rocha , Córneo Emily , Cucker Luana , Borges Heloisa de Medeiros , Matos Natan da Silva , Rocha Luana Bezerra , Dias Rodrigo , Simon Carla Sasso , Voytena Ana Paula Lorenzen , Rossetto Marina , Ramlov Fernanda , Dal-Pizzol Felipe 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Aim: The study evaluated the effects of supplementation with three different probiotic strains B. lactis (LACT GBTM), L. rhamnosus (RHAM GBTM) and L. reuteri (REUT GBTM) on brain-intestinal immunomodulation in an animal model of LPS-induced inflammation. Methods: 50 mice Balb/C were distributed into five groups: Control; lipopolysaccharide (LPS); LPS + B. lactis (LACT GBTM); LPS + L. rhamnosus (RHAM GBTM); LPS + L. reuteri (REUT GBTM). The animals were supplemented with their respective probiotic microorganisms daily, for 30 days, at a concentration of 1x109 CFU/animal/day. After 30 days of supplementation, animals received the inflammatory insult by LPS (15mg/kg). Behavioral tests, oxidative stress and inflammation were performed, as well as gut and brain histology. Results: In the behavioral test, LPS+ B. lactis group was less anxious than the other groups. Serum interleukin IL-1β and IL-6 levels increased in all groups that received the LPS insult and there was a reduction in inflammation in the supplemented groups when compared to the LPS group in brain and gut. A reduction in myeloperoxidase activity and oxidative stress in groups supplemented with probiotics. Intestine histological analysis, damage to tissue integrity in the LPS group and preservation of integrity in the supplemented animals. In the brain, infiltrates of perivascular inflammatory cells can be seen in the LPS group. Conclusion: The three probiotic studies showed efficient immunomodulating activity and ensured integrity of the intestinal barrier function, even after the severe insult by LPS. These results show the important role of probiotics in the gut-brain axis.
Improving Care for Cancer-Related and Other Forms of Lymphoedema in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Torgbenu Eric , Luckett Tim , Buhagiar Mark A. , Requena Cecilia Mauricio , Phillips Jane L. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Lymphoedema is a common, distressing and debilitating condition that can be related to cancer and its treatment or other conditions. Little is known about current practices in the diagnosis, assessment and management of lymphoedema in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Aim: To describe current practices in diagnosing, assessing and managing cancer-related and other forms of lymphoedema in LMIC, and related barriers and facilitators.Methods: An exploratory-descriptive qualitative study. Participants were lymphoedema experts or health care professionals identified via published lymphoedema papers and professional organizations respectively. Sampling was purposive to ensure a diversity of perspectives and experience. Data collection was via semi-structured telephone/video interviews, and questions canvassed participants’ experiences and perceptions of lymphoedema care in LMIC. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Analysis proceeded via inductive coding before mapping codes to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Innovative Care for Chronic Conditions Framework. Results:Nineteen participants were interviewed, most of whom were physiotherapists (n = 11). Ten participants worked permanently in a LMIC, while the remainder were based in a high-income country (HIC) and had been involved in initiatives to improve lymphoedema care across multiple LMIC. Participants indicated that management of cancer versus non-cancer related lymphoedema was similar, but that pathways to care were more straight-forward for those receiving cancer care, leading to earlier diagnosis. Key facilitators to optimizing lymphoedema care in LMIC included: 1) joining forces to overcome lymphoedema-related stigma; 2) building workforce capabilities; and 3) partnering with patients and families to support self-management. Ideas for building workforce included developing health professional knowledge, supporting a commitment to multidisciplinary team care, and adapting HIC guidelines for lymphoedema care to LMIC. Partnering with patients and families to support self-management involved following the person-centred approach, establishing clear communication, promoting adherence to management, adapting management to available resources, and involving patient family and friends in lymphoedema care.Conclusion: Raising community and health professional awareness regarding lymphoedema and its management is a key first step to improving care outcomes. Resources for clinicians and patients/families developed for lymphoedema care in HIC need to be adapted for low resource settings.
Immunohistochemical Analysis of Prostein Expression in Archived Prostatic Core Biopsies from Prostate Cancer Patients in Western Kenya
Authors: Tyrus Omondi Swaya , Opondo Dedan , Atandi David O. , Guyah Benard , Magak Ng’wena Gideon 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Prostate cancer is the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality in men. Most of the current biomarkers for detection of the disease have low sensitivity and specificity. Prostein is a newly reported prostate cancer biomarkers whose diagnostic utility can help in early detection of the disease. Nonetheless, previous studies have utilized limited number of samples to evaluate its immunohistochemistry (IHC) and reports on the African population are not available. The current study aimed to determine the prostein expression in archived prostatic core biopsies from prostate cancer patients in Western Kenya.
Materials and Methods
This was a retrospective study conducted on malignant and benign prostatic tissue core biopsies of 106 patients who underwent prostate core biopsy at Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital and division of urology at Synergy Clinics, Kisumu between January 2018 to May 2021. Immunohistochemical technique was performed on each of the 106 samples and on the following non-prostatic male control biopsies; Testis, Penis, Liver and Esophagus. Cellular location of prostein staining was evaluated at X40, X100 and X400 magnification using a light microscope and was classified as cytoplasmic or nucleocytoplasmic. Intensity of prostein expression was assessed for each core biopsy at similar magnification and graded according the immunohistochemistry composite score.
Results
The biopsies had been obtained from men whose mean (SE) age was 72.00±0.93 years. 95.3% (101) of the biopsies were malignant and 4.7% (5) were benign. Four non-prostatic male tissues were included. 97% of malignant and all the benign prostate tissue stained positive for prostein whereas the four non-prostatic male tissues were negative. Staining intensities were weak (24.5%), Moderate (17.0%), strong (55.7%) and non-stained (2.8%). The staining was highly immunolocalized within the cytoplasm (95.1% cases) as compared to nucleocytoplasmic (2.0% cases). The mean immunoreactivity composite score was 1.91±0.96 (0.0-3.14). Strongly stained sections had a punctate plasma membrane staining pattern clustered within the cytoplasm in a perinuclear location whereas the weakly stained sections had faint and punctate coarse brown cytoplasmic granular appearing.
Conclusion
Prostein is exclusively expressed in benign and malignant prostate tissue with a higher cytoplasmic granular staining pattern in the present population. These findings suggest that prostein diagnostic utility is applicable in the current study population and routine IHC diagnosis of prostate cancer may be recommended.
Urban Spatial Structures From Human Flow By Hodge-Kodaira Decomposition
Authors: Aoki Takaaki , Fujishima Shota , Fujiwara Naoya 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Human flow in cities indicates social activity and can reveal urban spatial structures based on human behaviours for relevant applications. Scalar potential is a mathematical concept, and if successfully introduced, it can provide an intuitive perspective of human flow. However, the definition of such a potential to the origin-destination flow matrix and determination of its plausibility remain unsolved. Here, we apply Hodge-Kodaira decomposition, in which a matrix is uniquely decomposed into a potential-driven (gradient) flow and a curl flow. We depict the potential landscapes in cities due to commuting flow and reveal how the landscapes have been changed or unchanged by years or transport methods. We then determine how well the commuting flow is described by the potential, by evaluating the percentage of the gradient component for metropolitan areas in the USA and show that the gradient component is almost 100% in several areas; in other areas, however, the curl component is dominant, indicating the importance of circular flow along triangles of places. The potential landscape provides an easy-to-use visualisation tool to show the attractive places of human flow and will aid in various applications in commerce, urban design, and epidemic spreading.
Two Different Descriptions of a Thermocline in the Persian Gulf
Authors: Mosaddad Seyed Majid 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Persian Gulf (PG) is a shallow sea connected to the rest of the world by the Strait of Hormuz. Temperature changes in the water column, which indicate the thermocline, are typically explained by the depth of the mixed layer and the thermocline. The thermocline is caused by a sudden decrease in temperature in the water column's subsurface layer, resulting in stratification in the PG from winter to summer. The parameters are approximated numerically through the Princeton Ocean Modeling (POM) method and compared to those determined by some CTD profiles collected in the PG. The most obvious method for approximating thermocline depth is to find the maximum negative slope \(\frac{\partial T}{\partial z}\) in a temperature profile. The method produces applied results with sufficient depth resolution and smooth temperature changes with depth. This method is a component of the Princeton Ocean Modeling (POM) framework for numerically modeling temperature variation in the water basins used in this study. The depth of the mixed layer is approximated by the surface equality temperature (Sea Surface Temperature), regardless of the thermocline approximation. The variable isotherm behavior accurately approximates the thermocline depth. Thermocline formation occurs in the PG during the summer, and this article will conclude using two methods, observational and numerical modeling.
Changes of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance T1 and ECV Values in Healthy Adults of Different Gender and Age
Authors: Huang Shumei , Zhang Meng , Yu Kanghui , Li Chunlong , Lan Zhihong , Feng Yin , Lin Shiqi , Jiang Guihua , Ma Xiaofen , Wu Yunfan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
purposeThe correlation between T1 and ECV value and myocardial fibrosis has been confirmed. In healthy adult, many disease may change T1 and ECV value. The purpose of this reseach is to clarify the T1 mapping and extracellular volume (ECV) value of healthy adults in 3 Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and to study the relationship between the values with age and gender.Methods We recruited 87 healthy adult subjects (mean age 38 ± 11 years; 61% were females) for cardiac magnetic resonance examination at 3T MRI. The left ventricular function parameters were obtained from functional imaging. T1 mapping was performed using an improved Look-Locker reversal recovery sequence after motion correction. resultsUnder 3T field strength, T1 value of the myocardium of healthy adults was 1,261 ± 52, and the ECV value was 28.3% ± 2.9%. T1 value and ECV values of female myocardium were higher than those of males (1,274 ± 56 vs. 1,241 ± 40, P = 0.003; 29.6% ± 2.6% vs. 26.2% ± 2.1%, P < 0.001). Only gender (Beta = 0.311, P = 0.003) was independently related to the native T1 mapping of left ventricular myocardium, while gender (Beta = 0.572, P < 0.001) and age (Beta = 0.501, P = 0.003) were related to the ECV value of left ventricular myocardium. T1 value (P = 0.002) and ECV value (P = 0.013) increased significantly from the base to the apex. There were significant differences in the T1 and ECV value between each segment (P < 0.001) in the base of the left ventricle. Significant differences were observed between the middle segments of T1 value (P = 0.001) but not between the middle of the ECV value of each segment (P = 0.068). Lastly, there was no statistical difference between each segment in the apical of the T1 (P = 0.756) and ECV value (P = 0.344).ConclusionsUnder 3T MRI, the T1 value of the myocardium of healthy adults was 1,261 ± 52, and the ECV value was 28.3% ± 2.9%. T1 and ECV values of females were significantly higher than those of males. The ECV values of males increased with age, while T1 value in males and T1 and ECV values in females had no significant relationship with age.
The SGLT2i Dapagliflozin Reduces RV Hypertrophy Independent of Changes in RV Pressure Induced by Pulmonary Artery Banding
Authors: Connelly Kim , Wu Ellen , Visram Aylin , Friedberg Mark K. , Batchu Sri Nagarjun , Yeera Veera Ganesh , Thai Kerri , Nghiem Linda , Zhang Yanling , Kabir Golam , Desjardins JF , Advani Andrew , Gilbert Richard E 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background— Sodium glucose linked transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibition not only reduces morbidity and mortality in patients with diagnosed heart failure but also prevents the development of heart failure hospitalization in those at risk. While studies to date have focused on the role of SGLT2 inhibition in left ventricular failure, whether this drug class might be similarly efficacious in the treatment and prevention of right heart failure has not been unexplored. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that SGLT2 inhibition would reduce the structural, functional and molecular responses to pressure overload of the right ventricle. Methods: Thirteen-week-old Fischer F344 rats underwent pulmonary artery banding (PAB) or sham surgery prior to being randomized to receive either the SGLT2 inhibitor: dapagliflozin (0.5mg/kg/day) or vehicle by oral gavage. After six weeks of treatment, animals underwent transthoracic echocardiography and invasive hemodynamic studies. Animals were then terminated, and their hearts harvested for structural and molecular analyses. Results: PAB induced features consistent with a compensatory response to increased right ventricular (RV) afterload with elevated mass, end systolic pressure, collagen content and alteration in calcium handling protein expression (all p<0.05 when compared to sham + vehicle). Dapagliflozin reduced RV mass, including both wet and dry weight as well as normalizing the protein expression of SERCA 2A, AMPkinase and LC3I/II ratio expression (all p<0.05). Significance: Dapagliflozin reduces the structural, functional, and molecular manifestations of right ventricular pressure overload. Whether amelioration of these early changes in the RV may ultimately lead to a reduction in RV failure remains to be determined.
Midterm impacts of a water drought experience: evaluation of consumption changes in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Sousa Cláudia O. M. , Teixeira Lucas V. , Fouto Nuno M. M. D. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
From late 2013 until the beginning of 2015, the metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil, experienced a severe water shortage. During that period, economic incentives were implemented by the regional water provider in a successful attempt to reduce water consumption. We aimed to investigate whether such incentives, as well as the experience of a scarcity period itself, had a persistent impact on consumer behaviour after the water crisis was over. This study was conducted by means of a hierarchical linear model with three levels (HLM3) to verify if the reduction effect remained in the midterm and a regression using panel data to understand which factors influenced water consumption behaviour change before, during, and after the local severe water drought. The results indicate that the average water consumption level subsequent to the rain scarcity period was significantly lower than before and that, in addition to the economic incentives, the severity of the scarcity event explained the behaviour change verified in water consumption.