bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The shift from macrophytic to algal particulate organic matter favours dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium over denitrification in a eutrophic lake
Authors: Jiang Xingyu , Gao Guang , Hu Yang , Shao Keqiang , Tang Xiangming , Cheng Hua , Li Jing 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

In eutrophic lakes, the shift from a macrophyte‐dominated state to an algae‐dominated state changes the particulate organic matter (POM) sources, which in turn alters organic matter quality that is released and that sinks to the benthos. However, the influences of this shift on denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) are unclear in eutrophic lakes.

Here, we elucidated how various POM sources influenced these nitrate reduction pathways in a eutrophic lake. The lake sediments from August were incubated under algae, macrophyte, and soil treatments in aquarium tanks. Potential denitrification and DNRA rates and related functional gene abundances were measured periodically. Meanwhile, the n‐alkanes composition of POM and fluorescence excitation‐emission matrices of dissolved organic matter were measured before and during incubations, respectively, to aid in the analysis of the potential mechanisms by which organic matter quality affect nitrate reduction.

The results indicated that algal detritus was more labile and decomposed faster than other POM, coupled with higher DNRA rates and nrfA gene abundances. Macrophyte treatments resulted in nitrate accumulation and the increase of gene abundances related to denitrification, but no increase in denitrification rates was observed. In soil treatments, nitrate reduction processes were not significantly influenced by the addition of POM. Overall, compared with other sources, algae‐derived POM can produce high‐quality organic carbon, low dissolved oxygen and nitrate concentrations, which is more conducive to DNRA than denitrification.

A loss of macrophytes and increase in algal biomass will induce changes in autochthonous POM quality and potentially drive nitrogen recycling in eutrophic lakes.
The relative importance of information items and preferred mode of delivery when disseminating results from trials to participants: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Wood Jessica , Cotton Seonaidh C. , Gillies Katie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundParticipants want to receive the results of trials that they have participated in. Dissemination practices are disparate, and there is limited guidance available on what information to provide to participants and how to deliver it.ObjectivesThis study aimed to establish what trial participants believe should be included in a results summary and how this information should be delivered.MethodsA mixed‐methods design was used with focus groups and interviews involving women convenience‐sampled from two host randomized‐controlled trials. Participants ranked information items in order of their importance for inclusion in a trial results summary and potential modes of delivery by preference. All participants provided written informed consent.ResultsSixteen women (mean age [SD] = 71.6 [9.7] years) participated. Participants ranked ‘individual results from the study’ and ‘summary of overall trial results’ as most important. Themes such as reassurance and setting results in context were identified as contributing to participants' decisions around ranking. ‘A thank you for your contribution to the study’ was ranked the least important. Delivery by post was the preferred mode of receiving results, with receiving a hard copy of results cited as helpful to refer back to.ConclusionOur findings provide insight into what information trial participants deem as important when receiving trial results and how they would like results delivered. Involving patients during development of trial results to be communicated to participants could help to ensure that the right information is delivered in the right way.Patient or Public ContributionPublic partners were involved in focussed aspects of study conduct.
Lactobacillus acidophilus PIN7 paraprobiotic supplementation ameliorates DSS-induced colitis through anti-inflammatory and immune regulatory effects
Authors: Kye Yeon-Jin , Lee So-Young , Kim Ha-Ra , Lee Byung-Hoo , Park Jong‑Hyun , Park Myeong-Soo , Ji Geun-Eog , Sung Mi-Kyung 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Aims
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of paraprobiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus PIN7 supplementation against dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)–induced colitis in mice and to determine their mechanisms of the action.

Methods and Results
Ten-week-old female BALB/C mice were randomly divided into five groups. Each group was administered with PBS (control and DSS group), live PIN7 (LIVE group), heat-killed PIN7 (HEAT group) or lysozyme-treated PIN7 (LYSOZYME group) for 10 days followed by 2.5% DSS supply in drinking water for 5 days except for the control group. Colitis-associated DAI scores were significantly (p &lt; 0.05) attenuated in HEAT and LYSOZYME group. The HEAT group exhibited significantly (p &lt; 0.05) lower colonic tissue damage score compared to the DSS group. Furthermore, HEAT and LYSOZYME groups showed significantly (p &lt; 0.05) higher colonic expressions of toll-like receptor (TLR) 6 and intestinal junction protein E-cadherin and occludin compared to the DSS group. LYSOZYME group showed significantly (p &lt; 0.05) lower colonic expressions of Th2 cell-associated pro-inflammatory molecules, namely GATA3 and IL-4, and higher expression of anti-inflammatory NLRP6 and IL-18 compared to the DSS group. Also, HEAT group exhibited significantly (p &lt; 0.05) lower colonic p-IκBα expression compared to the DSS group, while COX-2 expression was significantly (p &lt; 0.05) suppressed by both paraprobiotics supplementation. Paraprobiotics significantly altered the composition of the intestinal microbiota.

Conclusion
Paraprobiotic L. acidophilus PIN7 ameliorated DSS-induced colitis by regulating immune-modulatory TLR6 signalling and gut microbiota composition.

Significance and Impact of the Study
This study suggests paraprobiotic L. acidophilus PIN7 are superior candidates to prevent intestinal inflammation associated with dysregulated immune responses.
Palaeoceanographic changes in the late Pliocene promoted rapid diversification in pelagic seabirds
Authors: Ferrer Obiol Joan , James Helen F. , Chesser R. Terry , Bretagnolle Vincent , González‐Solís Jacob , Rozas Julio , Welch Andreanna J. , Riutort Marta 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimPalaeoceanographic changes can act as drivers of diversification and speciation, even in highly mobile marine organisms. Shearwaters are a group of globally distributed and highly mobile pelagic seabirds. Despite a recent well‐resolved phylogeny, shearwaters have controversial species limits, and show periods of both slow and rapid diversification. Here, we explore the role of palaeoceanographic changes on shearwaters' diversification and speciation. We investigate shearwater biogeography and the evolution of a key phenotypic trait, body size, and we assess the validity of their current taxonomy.LocationWorldwide.TaxaShearwaters (Order Procellariiformes, Family Procellariidae, GeneraArdenna,CalonectrisandPuffinus).MethodsWe generated genomic (ddRAD) data to infer a time‐calibrated species tree for the shearwaters. We estimated ancestral ranges and evaluated the roles of founder events, vicariance and surface ocean currents in driving diversification. We performed phylogenetic generalised least squares to identify potential predictors of variability in body size along the phylogeny. To assess the validity of the current taxonomy, we analysed genomic patterns of recent shared ancestry and differentiation among shearwater taxa.ResultsWe identified a period of high dispersal and rapid speciation during the Late Pliocene–early Pleistocene. Species dispersal appears to be favoured by surface ocean currents, and founder events are supported as the main mode of speciation in these highly mobile pelagic seabirds. Body mass shows significant associations with life strategies and local conditions. The current taxonomy shows some incongruences with the patterns of genomic divergence.Main ConclusionsA reduction of neritic areas during the Pliocene seems to have driven global extinctions of shearwater species, followed by a subsequent burst of speciation and dispersal probably promoted by Plio‐Pleistocene climatic shifts. Our findings extend our understanding on the drivers of speciation and dispersal of highly mobile pelagic seabirds and shed new light on the important role of palaeoceanographic events.
Clinical and prognostic implications of an immune‐related risk model based on TP53 status in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Song Xuming , Chen Qiang , Wang Jifan , Mao Qixing , Xia Wenjie , Xu Lin , Jiang Feng , Dong Gaochao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTP53 mutation is the most widespread mutation in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Meanwhile, p53 (encoded by TP53) has recently been implicated in immune responses. However, it is still unknown whether TP53 mutation remodels the tumour microenvironment to influence tumour progression and prognosis in LUAD. In this study, we developed a 6‐gene immune‐related risk model (IRM) to predict the survival of patients with LUAD in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort based on TP53 status, and the predictive ability was confirmed in 2 independent cohorts. TP53 mutation led to a decreased immune response in LUAD. Further analysis revealed that patients in the high‐index group had observably lower relative infiltration of memory B cells and regulatory T cells and significantly higher relative infiltration of neutrophils and resting memory CD4+ T cells. Additionally, the IRM index positively correlated with the expression of critical immune checkpoint genes, including PDCD1 (encoding PD‐1) and CD274 (encoding PD‐L1), which was validated in the Nanjing cohort. Furthermore, as an independent prognostic factor, the IRM index was used to establish a nomogram for clinical application. In conclusion, this IRM may serve as a powerful prognostic tool to further optimize LUAD immunotherapy.
Phenotypical changes of satellite glial cells in a murine model of GM1‐gangliosidosis
Authors: Huang Bei , Zdora Isabel , de Buhr Nicole , Eikelberg Deborah , Baumgärtner Wolfgang , Leitzen Eva 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSatellite glial cells (SGCs) of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) react in response to various injuries in the nervous system. This study investigates reactive changes within SGCs in a murine model for GM1‐gangliosidosis (GM1). DRG of homozygous β‐galactosidase‐knockout mice and homozygous C57BL/6 wild‐type mice were investigated performing immunostaining on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue. A marked upregulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), the progenitor marker nestin and Ki67 within SGCs of diseased mice, starting after 4 months at the earliest GFAP, along with intracytoplasmic accumulation of ganglioside within neurons and deterioration of clinical signs was identified. Interestingly, nestin‐positive SGCs were detected after 8 months only. No changes regarding inwardly rectifying potassium channel 4.1, 2, 3‐cyclic nucleotide 3‐phosphodiesterase, Sox2, doublecortin, periaxin and caspase3 were observed in SGCs. Iba1 was only detected in close vicinity of SGCs indicating infiltrating or tissue‐resident macrophages. These results indicate that SGCs of DRG show phenotypical changes during the course of GM1, characterized by GFAP upregulation, proliferation and expression of a neural progenitor marker at a late time point. This points towards an important role of SGCs during neurodegenerative disorders and supports that SGCs represent a multipotent glial precursor cell line with high plasticity and functionality.
One‐year outcomes of dental implants with a hybrid surface macro‐design placed in patients with history of periodontitis: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Serrano Benjamín , Sanz‐Sánchez Ignacio , Serrano Katherine , Montero Eduardo , Sanz Mariano 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the radiological, clinical, and microbiological outcomes of implants with a hybrid surface macro‐design in patients with a history of periodontitis.Material and MethodsThe study was designed as a 12‐month, parallel‐arm, randomized controlled trial where patients with a history of treated periodontitis in need of dental implants for single‐unit or short‐span prosthesis were randomly allocated to a test [implants with a machined titanium surface in the coronal collar (hybrid; HS)] or a control group [conventional implants with moderately rough surface up to the implant shoulder (RS)]. Patients were followed at 3, 6, and 12 months after loading with assessment of radiological, clinical, and microbiological outcomes, as well as patient‐related outcome measures (PROMs).ResultsForty patients were randomly assigned to either the RS group (n = 20) or the HS (n = 20) group. At 1 year, the mean marginal bone level changes were 0.22 [standard deviation (SD) 0.36] mm for the HS group and 0.22 (SD 0.29) mm for the RS group, with no significant differences between them (p = .961). Similarly, no significant differences in clinical, microbiological, or PROMs were observed between groups.ConclusionsHS implants demonstrated radiographic, clinical, and microbiological characteristics equal to RS implants in patients with a history of periodontitis.Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier NCT05010382).
The dual role of earwigs (Dermaptera) in winter grain crops in Australia
Authors: Binns Matthew R. , Macfadyen Sarina , Umina Paul A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEarwigs have been observed as an irregular pest of increasing concern to farmers growing canola and other winter grain crops in Australia over the past decade. In this study, we tested how abiotic and biotic factors influence the feeding behaviour of earwigs. Studies were conducted with two Australian native species, Labidura truncata and Nala lividipes, and the introduced European earwig, Forficula auricularia. We constructed field‐based exclusion plots that prevented F. auricularia from moving in or out of a small area of canola. We monitored F. auricularia activity and the feeding damage to canola plants throughout the winter growing season. In the laboratory, we established microcosms containing crop seedlings, as well as aphids as an alternate food source, to examine the feeding behaviour of all three species. The native earwigs L. truncata and N. lividipes did not cause feeding damage to canola or wheat but were found to actively consume aphids when present. We conclude that these species are unlikely to cause significant (economic levels) of pest damage in a field environment. In the microcosm trial, F. auricularia caused considerable damage to canola seedlings and readily consumed aphids. Forficula auricularia also caused feeding damage to canola seedlings early in the winter growing season in the field trial. However, by the end of the season, F. auricularia presence was associated with increased canola biomass. Furthermore, F. auricularia did not damage canola until all nearby aphids were consumed. Together, our field and laboratory studies suggest F. auricularia can be an important predator of aphid pests in canola, indicating a dual role of this species as both a pest and a beneficial species in winter grain systems.
Trends in binge drinking prevalence among older U.S. men and women, 2015 to 2019
Authors: Al‐Rousan Tala , Moore Alison A. , Han Benjamin H. , Ko Roxanne , Palamar Joseph J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecent literature suggests that the gap in prevalence of binge drinking between men and women is closing, but little is known about sex‐specific differences in trends and correlates of binge drinking among older Americans.MethodsA total of 18,794 adults, aged 65 years and older were surveyed in the 2015–2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. We estimated trends in prevalence of past‐month binge drinking (≥5 drinks on the same occasion for men and ≥4 drinks for women), stratified by sex. Correlates of binge drinking were estimated for men and women separately, focusing on demographic characteristics, chronic diseases, past‐month tobacco and cannabis use, depression, and emergency department use. Multivariable generalized linear models using Poisson and log link were used to examine associations stratified by sex.ResultsBinge drinking among older men increased from 12.8% in 2015 to 15.7% in 2019 (p = 0.02) but remained stable among older women (7.6% to 7.3%, p = 0.97). In adjusted models, having a college degree was associated with higher risk of binge drinking among women (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.13–2.50), but lower risk among men (aPR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.56–0.85). Men who are separated or divorced were also at higher risk (aPR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.05–1.50), but women were not. Both men and women reporting past‐month use of tobacco (men aPR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.61–2.17, women aPR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.71–2.60) and cannabis (men aPR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.63–2.58, women aPR = 2.77, 95% CI 2.00–3.85) were at higher risk of binge drinking.ConclusionsBinge drinking has increased among older men whereas it has remained stable among older women in the United States. Interventions should consider that although tobacco and cannabis use is associated with an increased risk of binge drinking among both older men and women, demographic correlates tend to differ by sex.
Gene therapy with SOCS1 induces potent preclinical antitumor activities in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Nakatani Kie , Serada Satoshi , Fujimoto Minoru , Obata Kengo , Ohkawara Tomoharu , Sasabe Eri , Yamamoto Tetsuya , Naka Tetsuji 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundConstitutive activation of STAT3 promotes oncogenesis and growth of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We investigated the mechanism of action of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1), an endogenous inhibitor of JAK, as gene therapy for OSCC.MethodsAntitumor effect of SOCS1 was compared to JAK inhibitor I by cell proliferation assay, cell cycle analysis, and apoptosis analysis in vitro. In addition, antitumor effect was evaluated using xenograft mouse models in vivo.ResultsJAK inhibitor I inhibited the proliferation of KOSC2 cl3‐43 or T3M‐1 clone2 OSCC cell lines in vitro. While JAK inhibitor I arrested both cell lines at the G2/M phase, induction of apoptosis was observed in T3M‐1 clone2 cells, but not KOSC2‐cl3‐43 cells. An adenoviral vector expressing SOCS1 (AdSOCS1) significantly decreased the proliferation of both OSCC cell lines and induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, suggesting that induction of apoptosis of KOSC2 cl3‐43 cells by AdSOCS1 is regulated by the JAK/STAT independent pathway. Overexpression of SOCS1 inhibited activation of the JAK/STAT and p44/42 MAPK pathways, while JAK inhibitor I inhibited activation of the JAK/STAT pathway only. Consistently, expression of Mcl‐1 was decreased by overexpression of SOCS1, but not JAK inhibitor I. Additionally, KOSC2 cl3‐43 or T3M‐1 clone2 OSCC cells were subcutaneously implanted in the flanks of two xenograft mouse models. As compared to a control adenovirus vector (AdLacZ), intratumor injection of AdSOCS1 significantly decreased the tumor volume and induced apoptosis in vivo.ConclusionSOCS1 gene therapy may be a beneficial approach for the treatment of OSCC.
Confronting whiteness: Conceptual, contextual, and methodological considerations for advancing ethnic‐racial socialization research to illuminate white identity development
Authors: Karras Juliana E. , Niwa Erika Y. , Adesina Fiyinfoluwa , Ruck Martin D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBeginning with a historical overview of the construction of whiteness, we identify gaps in extant scholarship and provide conceptual, contextual, and methodological considerations for confronting whiteness by advancing critical white ethnic‐racial socialization (ERS) research. First, we consider the mutually influential developmental processes of ERS experiences and the iterative nature of ethnic‐racial identity (ERI) formation among white children and youth. Second, we address how methodological approaches such as person‐centered analysis (PCA) can yield nuanced insight into white ERS processes by helping identify varying developmental pathways that promote antiracist identity development. Third, we highlight the role of online spaces as a formative ecological context through which white children and youth experience ERS processes and the broader societal implications afforded by this context for their ERI development. We conclude with scholarly and practice implications for promoting and supporting antiracist efforts to resist broad‐based historical and current white supremacy.
Peer and parental sources of influence regarding interracial and same‐race peer encounters
Authors: Burkholder Amanda R. , Glidden Jacquelyn , Yee Kathryn M. , Cooley Shelby , Killen Melanie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the socializing influence of peers and parents in interracial encounters by disentangling how children and adolescents consider peer and parent messages when predicting interracial and same‐race inclusion. Black and White children (9–14 years old, N = 246) predicted the likelihood of interracial and same‐race peer inclusion when peer and parent sources of influence were present and provided justifications for their expectations. Results revealed that, while participants predicted inclusion would be less likely when parent sources of influence were present than when peer sources of influence were present, the racial composition of the encounter and the race of the participant mattered only in contexts with peer sources of influence. Participants’ reasoning about the benefits of inclusion and social pressure also differed when parent or peer sources were present. This study informs efforts to improve the quality of interracial peer interactions and programs designed to promote positive intergroup peer relationships.
Retrospective evaluation of cystoscopic‐guided laser ablation of intramural ectopic ureters in female dogs
Authors: Hooi Kimberly S. , Vachon Catherine , Martel Dorothee V. , Dunn Marilyn 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundCytoscopic‐guided laser ablation (CLA) is a technique that can be used to correct intramural ectopic ureters (EUs) in dogs.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo describe clinicopathologic, imaging, and cystoscopic findings in dogs undergoing CLA for intramural EU correction, and whether any of these findings are associated with continence outcomes.AnimalsThirty‐one client‐owned dogs undergoing CLA between 2009 and 2019.MethodsRetrospective cohort study. Data collected from medical records included signalment, clinical findings (including continence score at presentation), clinicopathologic findings (serum biochemistry profile, urinalysis, and urine culture results before CLA), ultrasonography, and cystoscopy findings. Follow‐up information was collected at 1 day to 1 week, 1 week to 1 month, and at >1 month time points after CLA. Final continence score was determined based on this follow‐up information. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine factors that were associated with final continence score.ResultsMedian continence score of dogs at initial evaluation was 2 (range, 2‐4). Median continence score after CLA alone was 3 (range, 1‐5). Seventeen of 31 (54.8%) dogs received adjunctive medical management after CLA. Median continence score after CLA with or without adjunctive medical management was 5 (range, 1‐5). Overall, 67.7% of dogs were considered continent after CLA with or without adjunctive medical management. No preoperative or perioperative factors were found to be associated with final continence score.ConclusionsCystoscopic‐guided laser ablation for intramural EU in female dogs provides improvement in incontinence. Dogs remaining incontinent after CLA may improve with adjunctive medical management. Surgical management is required to manage incontinence in dogs with extramural EU.