bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineered electrocoagulation reactor for the removal of E. coli from wastewaters
Authors: Al-Imara Eman A. , Al-Jaryan Rand L. , Jawad Sabrean F. , Kareem Mohanad M. , Mubarak Hayfaa A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
As a consequence of natural pollution, water and sewage are polluted in many nations across the globe. Especially in poorer countries, sewage treatment and disposal practices are often substandard. Throughout many limited-income nations, the poor economic condition and absence of resources assistance severely hamper the planning and application of novel water and sewage systems. This has resulted in a rise in the number of bio-contaminants in the environment. The objective of this study is to use electrocoagulation as a low-cost method to remove or lower the amount of bio contaminant in sewage. By transmitting a voltage between the two conductors, disinfectants are generated in place. Sewerage samples were obtained at the Kerbala wastewater treatment plant, which is situated south of Kerbala, Iraq. In this work, steel plates were utilized to create coagulants. Furthermore, the effect of many factors on the performance of the electrolysis device was studied, namely spacing among electrodes and current density. The analysis indicates after 40 min of irradiation employing electrodes spaced 5mm apart and a current intensity of 2 mA/cm2, the E. coli bacteria as a biocontrol agent were killed. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that an initial pH value of 6.0 is appropriate for bio-contaminants removal utilizing electrocoagulation.
Evaluating the Durability of Green Cement Mortar Using Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity
Authors: Abdulridha Ali , AlQuzweeni Saif S. , AlKizwini Rasha S. , Saleh Zahra A. , Hashem K. S. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Various experimental studies have highlighted the negative consequences of Portland cement on health and the environment, such as toxic emissions and alkaline sewage. The development of environmentally acceptable substitutes for cement is thus one of the objectives of current investigations. The proposed environmental alternatives to cement, nevertheless, might have detrimental impacts on the concrete’s characteristics. This investigation intends to study the suitability as alternatives to cement in cement mortar, using industrial wastes like silica fume and cement kiln dust. As a replacement for cement, the cement mortars developed in this research continue from 0% to 60% silica fume and cement kiln dust. Ultrasonic pulse velocity tests at 1 to 4 weeks of age were conducted on hardened specimens. The findings showed that a low reduction in the pulse velocity resulted from high proportions of silica fume and cement kiln dust replacements, whereas an improvement in the characteristics of the mortars with low replacement ratios. Using low kiln dust and silica fume of 20 to 40%, the durability of mortars may increase.
Utilizing industrial by-products as eco-friendly adsorbent for phosphate removal: An experimental approach
Authors: Mohammed S. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
One of the widely present elements in the groundwater and surface water is phosphate due to two reasons; firstly, it is available at high concentrations in the soil, and secondly, it is widely available in wastewaters (industrial, agricultural and domestic wastewaters). Although phosphate causes many problems to the aquatic environment, eutrophication is the most severe problem due to its effects on water quality, economy, and health. Therefore, a number of studies have been made to evaluate the ability of different remedies to eliminate phosphates from wastewaters. Recently, phosphorus extraction may be achieved by filtering the contaminated solution. However, the cost of filtration materials is still high. Due to this reason, research to date has focused on employing inexpensive materials to reduce the cost of the filtering process. In this research, a by-product of steel manufacturing, kiln bottom ashes, was used to extract phosphates from polluted wastewater, considering the impacts of a number of operating parameters, such as to achieve the best possible extraction efficiency for the lowest possible cost. The findings of this study proved the excellent ability of the bottom ash in the extraction of phosphate from wastewater, where it removed more than 90% of 5 mg/L of phosphate after 40 minutes of treatment using 530 mg/L of bottom ash.
Electrochemical remediation of wastewater contaminated by phenol
Authors: Shallal Muhammed A. , Radhi Saif S. , Shabaa Ghusoon J. , Abdulredha M. , Kareem Mohanad M. , Mubarak Hayfaa A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
One of the most significant contributors to water contamination is the petroleum sector. Large volumes of refinery effluent contaminated with numerous sorts of contaminants are discharged into water sources, causing substantial environmental harm. As a result, researchers looked at the use of a variety of treatment techniques to mitigate the impacts of refinery effluent. Utilising hybrid electrodes (iron as cathodes, and aluminium as anodes) electrodes, this investigation intends to use the electrocoagulation method to minimised phenol contaminants from refinery effluent. In addition, the influence of experimental parameters such as electrical current density, electrode spacing, and duration of treatment on the elimination of phenols was investigated in this study. To eliminate the phenols from the effluent, batch flow investigations were employed. According to the findings, the electrocoagulation technique decreased the number of phenols in petroleum effluent. The hybrid electrocoagulation unit was able to decrease the phenol content by around 45%. With a current density of 4 mA/cm2 and electrode separation of 2cm, the highest removal efficiency was reached after 110 minutes of treatment. Other experiment factors, such as the original amount of the phenols, must be examined.
Elimination of phenol from refineries effluents using electrocoagulation method
Authors: Abdulredha M , Khalil Amal H. , Ali Sarah A. , Idowu Ibijoke , Amoako-Attah J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The crude oil industry is a major source of water pollution because of huge volumes of refining effluents discharged into the aquatic environment. This effluent consequently consists of substances that causes harm to the aquatic environment and depletes the aquatic population due to depleted oxygen. This study investigated the application of various treatment procedures and materials to reduce the effects of refining process effluent on water. The current study proposes to employ the electrocoagulation (EC) method in the removal of phenol contamination from refining effluent utilising aluminium electrodes. Continuous flow studies have been carried out in order to remove phenolic chemicals from refinery effluent effects of experimental factors such as electrical current density (ECD), distances between electrodes (DE), and treatment durations (TD) while phenols were eliminated were examined. The results show that the EC method reduced the phenol level in petroleum refinery discharge. The EC unit decreased the phenol level by 57% using aluminium as electrodes. The-optimal removal efficiency was found at 120 TD with an ECD of 6 mA/cm2 and a DE of 20 mm.
Functionally Graded Antibacterial Biomaterial Coatings for Titanium Base Alloy
Authors: Mohammed Sura B. , AbidAli Abdulraheem K. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Metal implants made of titanium and its alloys need surface modification operations because they are weak in terms of osseointegration and to protect them from corrosive body fluids and the growth of harmful bacteria that prevent them from performing their function and cause their failure. Hydroxyapatite and titanium dioxide have proven high efficiency by using them as biological and anti-bacterial coating. The basis of the current study is to deposit a functionally graded ceramic coating of titanium dioxide and hydroxyapatite on a Ti6Al4V substrate by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method at room temperature with optimal conditions of 20 volts and a deposition time of 1 minute, and then sintering in an atmosphere of argon at a temperature of 950°C for one hour. In addition, polarisation, open circuit, anti-bacterial activity, XRD, SEM, EDS was conducted. The laboratory results showed that the corrosion rate decreases for the coated samples compared to the uncoated. As for the SEM examination, the cross-section images showed that the gradient coating is dense, cohesive and free from microscopic cracks. Also, the surface images showed that the surface was uniform. In terms of XRD, the results showed the presence of rutile, anatase, and hydroxyapatite phases in addition to α_CaPO and β_TCP as a result of HAp decomposition. For the anti-bacterial examination, the findings revealed that the coating is anti-bacterial.
Effect of tannery wastewater exposure on chromium detected in the meat of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L)
Authors: Ihsan T , Edwin T , Kartika R 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the bioaccumulation of chromium (Cr) in the meat of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) due to exposure to tannery wastewater. The wastewater concentration variations were 1.85% and 3.69% of the LC50 96-h. The study was carried out in triples, seven days of acclimatization, and 30 days of observation (exposed to wastewater). The measurement of Cr using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) and calculation of BCF states the level of bioaccumulation in fish meat. The result showed the BCF value at a concentration of 1.85%, and 3.69% ranged 2.667-40.984, and 2.667-85.651 consecutively. It concluded that tilapia has a low accumulation rate.
Locality values in thermal comfort embodied in traditional Indonesian houses: a literature review
Authors: Pramesti P U , Hasan M I , Ramandhika M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study aims to explore how traditional buildings of Indonesia adapted and responded to the current climate. Scientific publications regarding traditional houses from various regions in Indonesia were gathered to be examined the locality values in thermal comfort. The examination of the scientific publications highlighted some housing elements and arrangements that influence the thermal comfort of the houses. The building elements that affect the thermal comfort encompass lifted house on stilts; appropriate size and amount of windows; ventilated roof; selected natural material; divider arrangement; and the existence of veranda. Furthermore, as exemplified in Bali, the proper spatial arrangement between house buildings and open space influences traditional Indonesian houses’ thermal comfort. In conclusion, dealing with climate in a tropical area with high humidity can be demonstrated in those locality values without consuming excess energy for a cooling system. The significance of this study is beneficial for the development of tropical houses, which is expectedly to consider those locality values.
Visualizations of Berea sandstone pores using neutron tomography
Authors: Setiati R , Sumirat I , Sukaryo S G , Adisoemarta P S , Akbar F , Marpaung TS , Bharoto  
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Sandstone is a reservoir rock commonly found by oil and gas companies. Oil and gas usually trap inside the sandstone pores. A Destructive-Testing (DT) method or chemical solution method is usually used to measure the porosities of the sandstone sample. On the other hand, neutron computed tomography (NCT) can visualise and quantify all the porosities of the sandstone non-destructively. Neutron tomography is an imaging technique that employs neutron generated by a nuclear research reactor. The NCT produces cross-sectional images of the object that was used to visualise the Barea sandstone porosities distribution. The results show that each rock sample possesses connected and concentrated pores in the middle part of the rock with total porosity of ± 20%.
Assessing implementation of low-carbon technologies in Thekelan Hamlet, Indonesia using participatory rural appraisal method
Authors: Rezagama A , Budihardjo M A , Zaman B , Yohana E 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Thekelan hamlet is located at the foot of Mount Merbabu makes the electricity that reaches this village experience a reasonably high loss percentage. By utilizing the sunlight, the community can make a power plant with solar cell technology. In addition, the majority of residents in Thekelan Hamlet still use wood-fired stoves for cooking. This condition is, of course, not environmentally friendly because the combustion releases high carbon into the atmosphere. Therefore, the prospect of renewable energy has not yet been fully exploited. This situation is due to the low level of knowledge, education, and capital owned by residents. The Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) approach were used to develop low-carbon society in Thekelan Hamlet. This approach comprises three stage including workshop, action, and reflection stage. Result shows that the community in Thekelan District were able to implement low-carbon society. However, the capital price of low-carbon technology such as solar cells and dew catcher is still high with respect to the output that they can generate. Therefore, the community is agree to contribute and join to the development of this program in the future since they realize that low-carbon society can induce economic development of the hamlet.
The use of subsurface constructed wetland for the treatment of tofu industrial wastewater in Semanan, Jakarta Barat
Authors: Raivaldi M R , Hadisoebroto R , Hendrawan D I 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The tofu preparing industry, typically done by the little businesses, can be found in almost every city in Indonesia and is dominated by industrial house stairways. The largest industry does not have a unit of processing wastewater. The wastewater focus is as yet over the edge quality norm, which messed contamination up. Constructed wetlands are affordable and reliable green technologies to diminish water contamination by utilizing plants. This study aims to know the quality of tofu industrial wastewater in Semanan, Jakarta Barat and analyze the removal of pollutants. The performance of the horizontal flow type Sub-Surface Flow constructed wetland with Typha latifolia plant. The media used were soil, sand, and gravel with a Typha latifolia plant. Testing the quality of tofu wastewater in Constructed wetland every 7 days at inlet and outlet, the sample was taken for TSS, BOD, and COD concentration. This research showed that the reactor could decrease TSS by 91.17% on day 36, a decrease of BOD 89.30% on day 15, and COD 87.86% on day 36. Those plants can produce growth fertile. These results fulfil the requirement of the quality standards of the Decree of the Minister of Environment No. 05 of 2014.
Comparison of pour point depressant (PPD) ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) and nano-montmorillonite
Authors: Nurfajrin Z D , Satiyawira B , Putra R A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
One of the problems with oil production is stuck of oil transportation flow in the pipeline caused by wax deposits. The high wax content in crude oil causes the oil viscosity value to increase so that crude oil has High Pour Point Oil (HPPO) properties. In this research, using crude oil sample with initial pour point of 31oC and viscosity of 556 cP. This samples are classified as heavy oil. Therefore, this sample is suitable for use as an experiment in this research. There are several methods to deal with HPPO. One chemical method used to overcome this problem is adding Pour Point Depressant (PPD) to crude oil. This PPD functions to decrease pour point value by binding wax crystals in crude oil. In this study, two types of PPD were compared, Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate (EVA) and Nano-Montmorillonite (Nano-MMT). Both can reduce the pour point value on crude oil, but PPD EVA shows a more excellent reduction than nano-MMT. The results show that EVA is better at binding crystals than nano-MMT. After the injection of 400 ppm EVA, the pour point value of crude oil could be decreased up to 24oC, and the viscosity also decreased by 185 cP.
The Covid-19 pandemic impact on indigenous people livelihoods in the peat swamp forest ecosystem in Central Kalimantan Indonesia
Authors: Suwito D , Suratman  , Poedjirahajoe E 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Global tropical peat swamp forest ecosystems mostly are found in Indonesia. However, these unique yet fragile ecosystems are subject to deforestation and degradation due to forest fires and land conversion. Peat swamp forests are well known for their ecosystem services related to global climate mitigation because they store carbon inside and are very vulnerable to forest fires. Another direct function is providing various needs for the indigenous people livelihoods who live close to and in the areas. This study was conducted qualitatively to assess the forest utilization and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the livelihoods of indigenous people. The study results show that the Dayak Ngaju Communities utilize the forest for timber, non-timbers, medicinal plants, foods, and religious culture. There is no significant impact of COVID-19 on forest product collection activities, but the pandemic impacts the marketing and sales of forest products. The marketing of fish and other non-timber forest products has been negatively affected due to decreased demand and limited transportation. On the contrary, the use, need, and demand for medicinal plants for the traditional medicine of COVID-19 is increasing significantly and improving local livelihoods.
New species Pseudomonas capeferrum TDA1 as a plastic monomer utilizer and a PHA native producer
Authors: Utomo R N C , Heipieper H J , Eberlein C , Blank L M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Over the decades, global plastic production has been exponentially increasing with a significant increase of plastic waste as well. Consequently, our environment has suffered a lot because synthetic plastic is less biodegradable or even not completely biodegradable. On the other hand, the conventional recycling rate and plastic management in the top ten plastic contributors are still low to reduce the contamination and pollution from plastic waste. Particularly, Indonesia, one of the world’s most outstanding emerging market economies and has the most contribution on plastic waste in ASEAN, should consider breakthrough and novel technology to fight global plastic waste. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) might have the closest relation to plastic waste upcycling because this compound can be used as the primary material to synthesize bioplastic, so-called plastic, to the bioplastic process. Many Pseudomonads can natively produce PHA as their extracellular product. This study qualitatively shows that the new strain Pseudomonas capeferrum TDA 1 natively produces PHA from various sole carbon sources, including plastic monomers. This finding gives significant insight for many improvements to the “plastic to bio-plastic” process on an industrial scale.
Crack formation behavior of composite fly ash – bentonite (FAB) in landfill liner system
Authors: Syafrudin  , Budihardjo M A , Sutrisno E , Nugraha W D , Samudro G 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the influence of different mixtures on the phenomenon of desiccation cracking in bentonite-fly ash mixtures as a landfill liner system. Fly ash is quite potential to be used as a landfill liner mixture because it has a low hydraulic permeability or conductivity value. This study uses class F fly ash from the Paiton power plant production process, Indonesia, which has been distributed commercially. Desiccation test was conducted in this study. The composition of fly ash and bentonite which is used are pure fly ash (FAB0), fly ash and bentonite 15% (FAB15), fly ash and bentonite 20% (FAB20) and fly ash and bentonite 25% (FAB25). The smallest CIF value is found in the pure fly ash layer. However, the pure fly ash cannot be used as landfill liner because the high permeability value. Therefore, the addition of bentonite will increase the possibility of crack formation. This study reveals that the addition bentonite in the fly ash composite will increase the crack. However, determining appropriate mixture composition is critical when working on the landfill liner system.
A bibliometric analysis of permeable reactive barrier enhanced electrokinetic treatment for sustainable polluted soil remediation
Authors: Budihardjo M A , Safitri R P , Ramadan B S , Effendi A J , Hidayat S , Paramitadevi Y V , Ratnawati B , Karmilia A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Research on soil remediation continues to develop, one of which is electrokinetic remediation combined with a permeable reactive barrier as a medium to prevent the migration of metals removed from the anode and cathode spaces. Thus, it is hoped that there is no need for reprocessing the residue resulting from electrokinetic remediation. This study aims to conduct a bibliographical analysis related to electrokinetic remediation coupled by permeable reactive barriers for heavy metal contaminated soil and to examine the effect of using various types of reactive barrier materials and their placement on the pollutants removal in the soil. Based on the results of bibliographic analysis, 26 relevant scientific articles were obtained, and the most publications in 2020 with 27% additional article publications are found. China and Environmental Science and Pollutant Research are the countries and journals that contribute the most to publications related to EK-PRB on heavy metal polluted soils.
Analysis of groundwater quality in Cimahi City of West Java Province
Authors: Putri L O L , Wardhani E 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Cimahi City is currently experiencing a clean water crisis, the cause of which is increasing population growth, so that water needs increase and land conversion, which results in reduced groundwater infiltration. The primary source of clean water in this city is groundwater. Population growth and residential development have an impact on pollution originating from domestic waste. These two things cause the quality and quantity of groundwater in Cimahi City to be increasingly critical. This study aims to analyze the quality of groundwater used by residents of Cimahi City. The data used is secondary data from the Environmental Service in 2019. Sampling was carried out at thirty points in Cimahi City spread over 14 urban villages, namely Citereup, Pasir Kaliki, Cibereum, Cibabat, Cipageran, Cimahi, Leuwigajah, Setiamanah, Karang Mekar, Cibeber, Melong, Cigugur, Padasuka, and Utama. The number of sampling is 1-2 samples/urban village. Based on the results of the analysis of parameters that do not exceed the required quality standards based on the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia No. 32 of 2017 concerning the requirements and supervision of pristine water quality, namely: turbidity, Manganese, nitrate, detergent as MBAS, and total coliform. Based on the results of calculations with the water quality index, it is stated that the quality of groundwater in Cimahi City is in the normal-poor category.