bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preschool Children’s Speech Pedagogical Sound Culture Correction
Authors: Borova Valentyna Ye. , Artemova Liubov V. , Melnyk Nataliia I. , Benera Valentuna Ye. , Malinovska Nataliia V. 
Published: October 2021

Objective: The article aims to reveal the features of correction of the sound culture of the preschool-age children's speech, the effectiveness of which has been tested experimentally.
Background: The sound culture of speech is a multicomponent formation, which covers the phonetic correctness of speech; general language skills and orthoepic correctness of speech. Pedagogical correction of the sound culture of speech is focused on the correct the errors caused by a violation of the sound articulation, sound pronunciation, orthoepic norms of pronunciation, voice strength, etc.
Method: In the study, the author's method of pedagogical correction of the sound culture of children’s speech was used. Also, it was used comparative analysis and method of successive analysis of adjustment variants of the speech sound culture.
Results: An individual model of pedagogical correction of the sound culture of the child's speech was developed. Training to deepen knowledge, improvement of abilities, and skills of teachers were held. The exercises in sound pronunciation and intonational speech expressiveness were developed.
Conclusion: Positive dynamics of developmental levels of the sound culture of children’s speech, which has been confirmed by the results of quantitative and qualitative analysis, confirms the effectiveness of the experimental methods of pedagogical correction of the sound culture of speech.
Disrupted PGR-B and ESR1 signaling underlies defective decidualization linked to severe preeclampsia
Authors: Garrido-Gomez Tamara , Castillo-Marco Nerea , Clemente-Ciscar Mónica , Cordero Teresa , Muñoz-Blat Irene , Amadoz Alicia , Jimenez-Almazan Jorge , Monfort-Ortiz Rogelio , Climent Reyes , Perales-Marin Alfredo , Simon Carlos 
Published: October 2021

Background:Decidualization of the uterine mucosa drives the maternal adaptation to invasion by the placenta. Appropriate depth of placental invasion is needed to support a healthy pregnancy; shallow invasion is associated with the development of severe preeclampsia (sPE). Maternal contribution to sPE through failed decidualization is an important determinant of placental phenotype. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the in vivo defect linking decidualization to sPE is unknown.Methods:Global RNA sequencing was applied to obtain the transcriptomic profile of endometrial biopsies collected from nonpregnant women who suffer sPE in a previous pregnancy and women who did not develop this condition. Samples were randomized in two cohorts, the training and the test set, to identify the fingerprinting encoding defective decidualization in sPE and its subsequent validation. Gene Ontology enrichment and an interaction network were performed to deepen in pathways impaired by genetic dysregulation in sPE. Finally, the main modulators of decidualization, estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) and progesterone receptor B (PGR-B), were assessed at the level of gene expression and protein abundance.Results:Here, we discover the footprint encoding this decidualization defect comprising 120 genes—using global gene expression profiling in decidua from women who developed sPE in a previous pregnancy. This signature allowed us to effectively segregate samples into sPE and control groups. ESR1 and PGR were highly interconnected with the dynamic network of the defective decidualization fingerprint. ESR1 and PGR-B gene expression and protein abundance were remarkably disrupted in sPE.Conclusions:Thus, the transcriptomic signature of impaired decidualization implicates dysregulated hormonal signaling in the decidual endometria in women who developed sPE. These findings reveal a potential footprint that could be leveraged for a preconception or early prenatal screening of sPE risk, thus improving prevention and early treatments.Funding:This work has been supported by the grant PI19/01659 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE) from the Spanish Carlos III Institute awarded to TGG. NCM was supported by the PhD program FDGENT/2019/008 from the Spanish Generalitat Valenciana. IMB was supported by the PhD program PRE2019-090770 and funding was provided by the grant RTI2018-094946-B-100 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE) from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation with CS as principal investigator. This research was funded partially by Igenomix S.L.
Use of ATP, GTP, ADP and AMP as an Index of Energy Utilization and Storage in HIV Infected Individuals at NAUTH, Nigeria: A Longitudinal, Prospective, Case-Controlled Study
Authors: Ezugwu Uchenna Modestus , Onyenekwe Chinedum Charles , Ukibe Nkiruka Rose , Ahaneku Joseph Eberendu , Onah Christian Ejike , Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi , Emeje Paul Isaac , Awalu Joseph Chimezie , Igbokwe Gabriel Ejike 
Published: October 2021

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with altered metabolism and increased energy expenditure, this energy requirement increases significantly as the HIV disease progresses. This study aimed on the use of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), Guanosine triphosphate (GTP), Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) as an index of energy utilization, storage and energy balance in HIV infected individuals. This is a longitudinal, prospective, case-controlled study involving seventy seven (77) HIV Sero-positive individuals newly diagnosed attending retroviral disease treatment centre of Nnamdi Azikiwe University University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH) aged 18-60 years both male and female not on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), were enrolled in the study as test subjects and thirty six (36) apparently healthy HIV Sero-negative individuals both male and female as control subjects. ATP, GTP, ADP and AMP were estimated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while, total Energy Balance was determined by calculation. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS software application (version 21.0) and the results expressed as mean ± standard deviation. The plasma ATP and GTP were significantly lower (P<0.05) in both HIV pre-treatment and post-treatment group compared with control group. Meanwhile, the plasma level of ADP and AMP were significantly lower (P<0.05) in HIV post-treatment group compared with HIV pre-treatment and control group. There was also a significant difference (P<0.05) in ATP, ADP, AMP and GTP level between HIV pre-treatment and post-treatment group. Meanwhile, the energy balance was lower (P<0.05) in HIV groups compared with control group. However, the energy balance in HIV post-treatment group was significantly lower (P<0.05) compared to HIV pre- treatment group. In conclusion, the significant changes in the biochemical parameters measured suggest altered metabolism, increased energy expenditure and energy deficit/negative energy balance in HIV subjects resulting from increased energy expenditure. Hence, High energy molecules such ATP, ADP, GTP and AMP can be used to predict early energy deficit and manage energy imbalance in HIV infected individuals.
Evaluation of Patient-Oriented Medicines Supply Information on Russian Healthcare Providers’ Websites
Authors: Polukhin Nikita V. , Ekkert Natalia V. , Vodolagin Mikhail V. 
Published: October 2021

Aims: To evaluate the Russian Federation healthcare providers’ websites compliance to legal requirements on availability of patient-oriented medicines supply information and compare the evaluation results between public and private healthcare facilities.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: The evaluation of compliance to legal requirements to medicines supply information on public and private healthcare providers’ websites available on the Internet was conducted in September 2021.
Methodology: The study included a simple random sample of 66 websites of Russian healthcare providers containing two groups: public (n=33) and private (n=33) healthcare facilities’ websites. The compliance evaluation was performed by checking the availability of 4 medicines lists on the websites: (1) essential medicines list; (2) list of medicines for the most expensive chronic diseases to treat; (3) list of medicines that are prescribed only by shared decision of healthcare facility medical commission; (4) list of medicines that are dispensed for certain social groups with no charge or with 50% discount in outpatient care settings.
Results: The difference of availability of the first list was 90.9% (95% CI 77.7%–97.4%) vs. 33.3% (95% CI 19.2%–50.3%) on public and private healthcare facilities’ website, respectively, P<.001. The difference of that in the second list was 42.4% (95% CI 26.8%–59.3%) vs. 15.2% (95% CI 6.0%–30.1%), P<.028. For the third no statistical significance was revealed (P>.05). For the fourth list the difference was 66.7% (95% CI 49.7%–80.8%) vs. 21.2% (95% CI 10.0%–37.2%), P<.001.
Conclusion: It is required to improve the supervision approaches for both public and private healthcare facilities for better patient-oriented medicines supply information provision. The problem may be solved by the implementation of a centralized government policy repository with regularly updated lists, requirements, and best practices.
Unsettled Problems of Second-Order Quantum Theories of Elementary Particles
Authors: Comay E. 
Published: October 2021

The physical community agrees that the variational principle is a cornerstone of a quantum fields theory (QFT) of an elementary particle. This approach examines the variation of the action of a Lagrangian density whose form is \(S = \int d^4 x \mathcal {L}(\psi,\psi_{,\mu}).\) The dimension of the action \(S\) and \(d^4x\) prove that the quantum function \(\psi\) of any specific Lagrangian density \(\mathcal {L}(\psi,\psi_{,\mu})\) has a definite dimension. This evidence determines the results of new consistency tests of QFTs. This work applies these tests to several kinds of quantum functions of a QFT of elementary particles. It proves that coherent results are derived from the standard form of quantum electrodynamics which depends on the Dirac linear equation of a massive charged particle and Maxwell theory of the electromagnetic fields. In contrast, contradictions stem from second-order quantum theories of an elementary particle, such as the Klein-Gordon equation and the electroweak theory of the \(W^\pm\) boson. An observation of the literature that discusses the latter theories indicates that they do not settle the above-mentioned crucial problems. This issue supports the main results of this work.
A Bridge Too Far? Real‐World Practice Patterns of Early Glucocorticoid Use in the Canadian Early Arthritis Cohort
Authors: Andersen Kathleen M. , Schieir Orit , Valois Marie‐France , Bartlett Susan J. , Bessette Louis , Boire Gilles , Haraoui Boulos , Hazlewood Glen , Hitchon Carol , Keystone Edward C. , Pope Janet , Tin Diane , Throne J Carter , Bykerk Vivian P. ,   CATCH Investigators
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveTo describe patterns of glucocorticoid use in a large real‐world cohort with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and assess the impact on disease activity and treatment.MethodsData are from adults with new RA (≤1 year) recruited to the Canadian Early Arthritis Cohort (CATCH) and are stratified on the basis of whether a person was prescribed oral glucocorticoids within 3 months of study entry. Disease activity was compared over 24 months. Mixed‐effects logistic regression was used for adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of escalation to biologics separately for 12 and 24 months, with random effects terms to account for prescribing patterns clustering by study site.ResultsAmong 1891 persons, 30% received oral steroids. Users were older, were less often employed, and had shorter disease duration and higher disease activity. Disease activity improved over time, with early glucocorticoid users starting at higher levels of disease activity. Participants with early oral glucocorticoids were more likely to be on a biologic at 12 months (aOR = 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5‐3.7) and 24 months (aOR = 1.9; 95% CI, 1.3‐3.0). Despite Canadian clinical practice guidelines to limit corticosteroid use to short‐term or ‘bridge’ therapy, 30% of patients who used oral glucocorticoids still used them 2 years later.ConclusionEarly steroids were prescribed sparingly in CATCH and were often indicative of more active baseline disease as well as the need for progression to biologics.
A Polycation‐Modified Nanofillers Tailored Polymer Electrolytes Fiber for Versatile Biomechanical Energy Harvesting and Full‐Range Personal Healthcare Sensing
Authors: Li Zihua , Xu Bingang , Han Jing , Huang Junxian , Fu Hong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe emergence of fibrous energy harvesters and self‐powered sensors gives birth to functional wearable electronics. However, low power outputs, poor sensing abilities, and limited material selections have greatly restricted their developments. Herein, novel polycation‐modified carbon dots (PCDs) tailored PCDs/polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposite polymer electrolytes (NPEs) are prepared and used as dominating triboelectric materials to construct a new NPEs‐based fiber triboelectric nanogenerator (NPE‐TENG) for the first time. The filling of PCDs endows NPEs with enhanced ionic conductivity. The developed NPE‐TENG can respond to different mechanical stimuli with excellent flexibility and deliver a high power density of 265.8 µW m−1. Self‐powered wearable sensor and smart glove based on NPE‐TENG are further developed, which can achieve skin‐level tactile sensing and joint‐related activities monitoring in a rapid, real‐time, and noninvasive way. As a sustainable power source, the NPE‐TENG can drive small electronics and light up hundreds of light‐emitting diodes. This study not only renders new insights into the development of triboelectric materials for fiber‐based TENG but also provides a direction for potential applications of fibrous biomechanical energy harvesters and self‐powered sensors in wearable electronics, personal healthcare monitoring, and human–machine interactions.
Semiconductor Nanowire‐Based Cellular and Subcellular Interfaces
Authors: Shi Jiuyun , Sun Changxu , Liang Elaine , Tian Bozhi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe highly intricate structures of biological systems make the precise probing of biological behaviors at the cellular‐level particularly difficult. As an advanced toolset capable of exploring diverse biointerfaces, high‐aspect‐ratio nanowires stand out with their unique mechanical, optical, and electrical properties. Specifically, semiconductor nanowires show much promise in their tunability and feasibility for synthesis and fabrication. Thus far, semiconductor nanowires have shown favorable results in deciphering biological communications and translating this cellular language through the nanowire‐based biointerfaces. In this perspective, the synthesis and fabrication methods for different kinds of nanowires and nanowire‐based structures are first surveyed. Next, several cellular‐level nanowire‐enabled applications in biophysical dynamics probing, physiological or biochemical sensing, and biological activity modulation are highlighted. Then, the progress of functionalized nanowires in drug delivery and bioenergy production is reviewed. Finally, the current limitations of nanowires and an outlook into the next generation of nanowire‐based devices at the biointerfaces are concluded.
Nature Sunflower Stalk Pith with Zwitterionic Hydrogel Coating for Highly Efficient and Sustainable Solar Evaporation
Authors: Su Xin , Hao Dezhao , Sun Mingyue , Wei Tingshu , Xu Dake , Ai Xicheng , Guo Xinglin , Zhao Tong , Jiang Lei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSolar‐driven water evaporation is considered to be an appealing way to solve water scarcity issues globally. Various natural creatures possess unique structural features and exhibit an excellent pumping ability in arid environments. Motivated by sunflower stalk pith, here, the biomass porous foam modified with zwitterionic hydrogel coating for solar desalination devices is introduced. It is demonstrated that the multi‐curvature and gradient honeycomb architecture offers a remarkable solar desalination system, which combines critical aspects of solar evaporation including high light absorption, localizing converted heat, rapid water transport, water activation, and multi‐channel release of steam via its ubiquitous structure, and substantially outperforms other natural biomass materials. The device exhibits long‐term stability in actual seawater, as well as high performance for soybean oil emulsion and oily brines (crude oil, salts). Furthermore, the long‐term use of excellent storability to prevent putrefying is shown, which is attributed to the outstanding antifouling property of zwitterionic hydrogel. It is envisioned that the nature material with the advantage of being inexpensive, environmentally friendly, and portable, may be a new candidate for water purification and desalination.
Initiating VB‐Group Laminated NbS2 Electromagnetic Wave Absorber toward Superior Absorption Bandwidth as Large as 6.48 GHz through Phase Engineering Modulation
Authors: Zhang Huibin , Cheng Junye , Wang Honghan , Huang Zehao , Zheng Qingbin , Zheng Guangping , Zhang Deqing , Che Renchao , Cao Maosheng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVB‐Group transition metal disulfides (TMDs) are considered excellent materials for electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption because of their good conductivity and abundant active sites located at their edges and substrates, as compared with VIB‐Group TMDs. Herein, for the first time, EMW absorbers based on VB‐Group NbS2 nanosheets by using a facile one‐step solvothermal method are successfully prepared. The minimum reflection loss (RLmin) can reach up to 43.85 dB with an effective absorption bandwidth of 6.48 GHz (11.52–18.00 GHz). The remarkable EMW absorption performance can also be reflected in the tunable frequency bands (C‐, X‐, and Ku‐bands), which is achieved by adjusting the contents of materials. Furthermore, the influence of the content of 2H‐phase and 1T‐phase in NbS2 on the EMW absorption performance is systematically investigated. The hierarchical hollow‐sphere structure of NbS2 promotes dielectric loss and the multiple reflection and absorption of EMW, and enhances the impedance matching and synergistic attenuation ability. This work demonstrates that the bottleneck of effective absorbing frequency band of single‐component dielectric EMW absorbing materials could be broken through, and paves a novel path towards developing broadband absorbing materials in EMW absorption.
Recent Advances in Complex Hollow Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting
Authors: Wang Yi Zhong , Yang Min , Ding Yi‐Ming , Li Nian‐Wu , Yu Le 
Published: October 2021

AbstractElectrochemical water splitting powered by renewable energy sources has been considered as an attractive hydrogen generation technology with high‐purity product and zero carbon emission. However, the efficient realization of large‐scale water splitting is severely hampered by the sluggish hydrogen/oxygen evolution reaction (HER/OER). As an important class of functional materials, complex hollow electrocatalysts provide promising solutions to accelerate the HER/OER kinetics owing to their advantageous features, such as abundant exposed active sites, increased contact area between catalysts and electrolyte, and shortened mass/charge transport length. Herein, the recent advances in the development of complex hollow electrocatalysts and their outstanding performances in water splitting are summarized. Beginning with the introduction of reaction mechanisms and design principles, achievements in engineering complex hollow HER/OER electrocatalysts are highlighted with the focus on structural modulation, composition control, and electrocatalytic evaluation. Finally, some present challenges and future perspectives for advanced complex hollow electrocatalysts toward water splitting are further discussed.
Concealing Messages at the Atomic‐Thin Level by Reaching the Limit of Writing
Authors: Hou Chao , Yang Qirong , Guan Jianxin , Deng Jingwen , Xu Zihan , Yu Zhihao , Zheng Junrong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe evolution of writing system reflects the development of civilization. Using a single molecular layer of “ink” to record invisible messages on an atomic‐layered paper represents the ultimate thinness of classical writing system and steganography. A stable and convenient atomic‐thin information steganography under ambient conditions is realized using a monolayer of water as “ink,” an atomic layer of MoS2 as paper, and a laser as the pen. Physically adsorbed monolayered water molecules produce p‐type doping to the monolayer MoS2, leading to its photoluminescence (PL) enhancement. Information is written using a laser to remove surface water with designed patterns and is read out by PL imaging. The information is transparent to visible light and can retain for at least one week until erased by a humidification treatment. The method reaches the thinnest limit of writing and achieves repeatable data storage, providing promising applications in steganography and high‐density storage at the atomic‐thin level.
Quantificational 4D Visualization of Industrial Electrodeposition
Authors: Jiao Handong , Qu Zhaoliang , Jiao Shuqiang , Gao Yang , Li Shijie , Song Wei‐Li , Wang Mingyong , Chen Haosen , Fang Daining 
Published: October 2021

AbstractElectrodeposition is a fundamental technology in modern society and has been widely used in metal plating and extraction, etc. However, extreme reaction conditions, including wide operation temperature ranges and corrosive media (molten salt/oxide systems as a particular example), inhibit direct in situ observation of the electrodeposition process. To visualize the electrode kinetics in such “black box,” X‐ray tomography is employed to monitor the electrochemical processes and three‐dimensional (3D) evolution of morphology. Benefiting from the excellent penetration of X‐ray, a non‐destructive and non‐contact in situ four‐dimensional (4D) visualization of Ti deposition is realized. Real‐time 3D reconstructed images reveal that the counterintuitive nucleation and growth process of a mesoscale Ti dendrite at both solid and liquid cathodes. According to 3D morphology evolution, unusual mechanism based on synergetic effect of the diffusion of metallic Ti and local field enhancement is achieved utilizing a simulation method based on a finite element method. This approach allows for timely and accurately regulating the electrodeposition process upon in situ monitored parameters. More importantly, the 4D technique upon operando X‐ray tomography and numerical simulation can be easily applied to other electrodeposition systems, which will help deeply understand the internal kinetics and the precise optimization of the electrodeposition conditions.