bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights into the Spin–Orbital Entanglement in Complex Iridium Oxides from High-Field ESR Spectroscopy
Authors: Kataev Vladislav 
Published: February 2021

AbstractComplex iridium oxides have attracted recently a substantial interdisciplinary attention due to an intimate entanglement of spin and orbital degrees of freedom which may give rise to a novel spin–orbital Mott insulating behavior and exotic quantum spin liquid phases. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy is known to be an instructive tool for studying the spin–orbital coupling (SOC) effects as it can directly access the relevant parameters sensitive to SOC, such as the g factor tensor, magnetic anisotropy gaps and spin dynamics. In this article, a systematic study at the Leibniz IFW Dresden of the static and dynamic properties of selected Ir-based materials with multi-frequency high-field ESR spectroscopy will be reviewed. Specifically, evidence for a surprisingly isotropic antiferromagnetic spin dynamics and the inversion of the orbital states in the prototypical spin–orbital Mott insulator $$\text {Sr}_2\text {IrO}_4$$

Sr
2

IrO
4

, observation of the collective resonance modes in the family of double perovskites $$\text {La}_2$$

La
2

B$$\text {IrO}_6$$

IrO
6

(B = Cu, Co) and the origin of the unexpected magnetism in the double perovskite $$\text {Ba}_2\text {YIrO}_6$$

Ba
2

YIrO
6

will be highlighted.
Stabilisierende Wirkungen durch Kurzarbeit
Authors: Pusch Toralf , Seifert Hartmut 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungIn der Corona-Pandemie werden durch Kurzarbeit und weitere Hilfsmaßnahmen ganze Branchen stabilisiert. Dies gilt insbesondere für die stark betroffene Gastronomie. Kurzarbeit sichert bedrohte Arbeitsverhältnisse und dämpft Einkommenseinbußen, die bei Verlust des Arbeitsplatzes eintreten würden. Eine wesentliche Rolle spielen aufstockende Leistungen, die Kurzarbeiter:innen in tarifgebundenen Betrieben häufiger erhalten.
Wirtschaftspolitische Implikationen der COVID-19-Pandemie im Luftverkehr
Authors: Scheelhaase Janina , Ennen David , Frieske Benjamin , Lütjens Klaus , Maertens Sven , Wozny Florian 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Luftverkehr ist durch die Maßnahmen gegen die COVID-19-Pandemie besonders stark betroffen. Der Verkehrsrückgang betrug 2020 zum Teil mehr als 90 %. Da die Branche von großer Bedeutung ist, sind besondere staatliche Unterstützungsmaßnahmen sinnvoll, wenn die Pandemie vorbei ist und neues Wachstum einsetzt. Dabei sollten jedoch nicht nur bestimmte Unternehmen unterstützt werden, sondern die Hilfsmaßnahmen sollten auch an bestimmte Kriterien gebunden sein.
Berechnung Paris-kompatibler Emissionspfade mit dem ESP-Modell am Beispiel der EU
Authors: Wiegand Daniel , Sargl Manfred , Doerenbruch Kerstin , Wittmann Günter , Wolfsteiner Andreas 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungDas hier betrachtete Extended Smooth Pathway Model bietet einen Rahmen, um mit dem Pariser Klimaabkommen kompatible nationale Emissionspfade herzuleiten. Am Beispiel Europa werden exemplarische Emissionsziele gezeigt.
Psychiatric Emergencies in the Community: Characteristics and Outcome in Switzerland
Authors: Moetteli Sonja , Heinrich Raphael , Jaeger Matthias , Amodio Camillo , Roehmer Jan , Maatz Anke , Seifritz Erich , Theodoridou Anastasia , Hotzy Florian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPsychiatric emergencies occur frequently in the community setting, e.g. the patient’s home or public places. Little is known about the characteristics and outcome of these situations. This study describes psychiatric emergencies in the canton of Zurich, Switzerland, and examines determinants of their outcome. We retrospectively analyzed 620 medical records of consultations classified as psychiatric emergencies of a 24/7 service of community-based emergency physicians. Information on sociodemographic, clinical and situational factors was extracted. The observation period was 6 months in 2017. Binary logistic regression was used to examine predictors for involuntary admissions. Most emergency consultations (64.5%) took place at the patient’s home, followed by police stations (31.0%), public places (3.2%), and somatic hospitals (1.3%). Patient characteristics and reasons for consultation varied considerably between the locations. The first involved person was commonly a relative. Of all consultations, 38.4% resulted in involuntary admissions, mainly in patients with psychosis, suicidality, aggression, refusal of necessary treatment and previous involuntary admissions. Situation-related factors and the involvement of relatives were no significant predictors of the outcome. Psychiatric emergencies occur in different places and in patients with a variety of psychiatric symptoms. Although half of the emergency situations were resolved in the community, the rate of involuntary admissions was still high. For additional reduction, the further development of quickly available alternatives to psychiatric inpatient treatment is required. These should be specifically geared towards acute situations in patients with the described risk factors. Additionally, the role of relatives during psychiatric emergencies should be further studied.
Generation of a Novel In Vitro Model to Study Endothelial Dysfunction from Atherothrombotic Specimens
Authors: Gallogly Susan , Fujisawa Takeshi , Hung John D. , Brittan Mairi , Skinner Elizabeth M. , Mitchell Andrew J. , Medine Claire , Luque Neus , Zodda Erika , Cascante Marta , Hadoke Patrick W. , Mills Nicholas L. , Tura-Ceide Olga 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Endothelial dysfunction is central to the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndrome. The study of diseased endothelium is very challenging due to inherent difficulties in isolating endothelial cells from the coronary vascular bed. We sought to isolate and characterise coronary endothelial cells from patients undergoing thrombectomy for myocardial infarction to develop a patient-specific in vitro model of endothelial dysfunction.

Methods
In a prospective cohort study, 49 patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention with thrombus aspiration. Specimens were cultured, and coronary endothelial outgrowth (CEO) cells were isolated. CEO cells, endothelial cells isolated from peripheral blood, explanted coronary arteries, and umbilical veins were phenotyped and assessed functionally in vitro and in vivo.

Results
CEO cells were obtained from 27/37 (73%) atherothrombotic specimens and gave rise to cells with cobblestone morphology expressing CD146 (94 ± 6%), CD31 (87 ± 14%), and von Willebrand factor (100 ± 1%). Proliferation of CEO cells was impaired compared to both coronary artery and umbilical vein endothelial cells (population doubling time, 2.5 ± 1.0 versus 1.6 ± 0.3 and 1.2 ± 0.3 days, respectively). Cell migration was also reduced compared to umbilical vein endothelial cells (29 ± 20% versus 85±19%). Importantly, unlike control endothelial cells, dysfunctional CEO cells did not incorporate into new vessels or promote angiogenesis in vivo.

Conclusions
CEO cells can be reliably isolated and cultured from thrombectomy specimens in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Compared to controls, patient-derived coronary endothelial cells had impaired capacity to proliferate, migrate, and contribute to angiogenesis. CEO cells could be used to identify novel therapeutic targets to enhance endothelial function and prevent acute coronary syndromes.
Engagement with a Multi-Component, Preventative Program to Reduce Child Maltreatment: Program Satisfaction and Acceptability
Authors: Leckey Yvonne , Stokes Ann , Hickey Gráinne , McGilloway Sinéad 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe development and implementation of interventions to prevent child maltreatment (CM) is particularly challenging in view of the numerous stressors experienced by families within the child welfare system (CWS). Difficulties engaging families, particularly those who are most vulnerable, can lead to lower program dose and poorer outcomes. This qualitative study, conducted as part of a larger process evaluation, explored participant perspectives of a newly developed, multi-component, community-based intervention designed to reduce the risk of CM in families with young children. The study involved one-to-one interviews with a sub-sample of mothers (n = 12) recruited through statutory and community-based social work services. Several brief program satisfaction questionnaires were also completed by parents. Mothers reported a stronger parent–child bond and greater use of positive parenting strategies (e.g. improved communication and discipline strategies) following the intervention. Facilitator and group support emerged as strong themes throughout the interviews and were important factors in facilitating engagement and reducing drop-out. High levels of program satisfaction were also reported. The study findings demonstrate how a multi-component program, which combines an evidence-based treatment (EBT) with community-based supports, may offer a promising approach for social work practitioners in reducing CM and in better meeting the more complex needs of families within the CWS. However, a more thorough understanding of the factors which promote program engagement and retention, is crucial to maximizing the benefits of interventions designed to support more vulnerable families.
The Relation of Test-Related Factors to Software Quality: A Case Study on Apache Systems
Authors: Pecorelli Fabiano , Palomba Fabio , De Lucia Andrea 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTesting represents a crucial activity to ensure software quality. Recent studies have shown that test-related factors (e.g., code coverage) can be reliable predictors of software code quality, as measured by post-release defects. While these studies provided initial compelling evidence on the relation between tests and post-release defects, they considered different test-related factors separately: as a consequence, there is still a lack of knowledge of whether these factors are still good predictors when considering all together. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive case study on how test-related factors relate to production code quality in Apache systems. We first investigated how the presence of tests relates to post-release defects; then, we analyzed the role played by the test-related factors previously shown as significantly related to post-release defects. The key findings of the study show that, when controlling for other metrics (e.g., size of the production class), test-related factors have a limited connection to post-release defects.
Bayesian Updating When What You Learn Might Be False (Forthcoming in Erkenntnis)
Authors: Pettigrew Richard 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRescorla (Erkenntnis, 2020) has recently pointed out that the standard arguments for Bayesian Conditionalization assume that whenever I become certain of something, it is true. Most people would reject this assumption. In response, Rescorla offers an improved Dutch Book argument for Bayesian Conditionalization that does not make this assumption. My purpose in this paper is two-fold. First, I want to illuminate Rescorla’s new argument by giving a very general Dutch Book argument that applies to many cases of updating beyond those covered by Conditionalization, and then showing how Rescorla’s version follows as a special case of that. Second, I want to show how to generalise R. A. Briggs and Richard Pettigrew’s Accuracy Dominance argument to avoid the assumption that Rescorla has identified (Briggs and Pettigrew in Noûs, 2018). In both cases, these arguments proceed by first establishing a very general reflection principle.
Flexible piezoelectric nanogenerator based on [P(VDF-HFP)]/ PANI-ZnS electrospun nanofibers for electrical energy harvesting
Authors: Parangusan Hemalatha , Bhadra Jolly , Al-Thani Noora 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Over the past decade, piezoelectric nanogenerator have attracted much attention to harvest mechanical energy from abundant resources in nature. Here, the ZnS microspheres is prepared by hydrothermal method and core-shell structured PANI/ZnS microspheres are synthesized by in situ polymerization method and then used as filler for the preparation of flexible [P(VDF-HFP)] based piezoelectric nanogenerator. The flexible P(VDF-HFP)/PANI-ZnS piezoelectric nanogenerator is prepared by Electrospinning technique. The core-shell PANI/ZnS composite improves the content of electroactive phase in [P(VDF-HFP)] and significantly improves the interfacial polarization between the PANI/ZnS particles and polymer matrix. Among all the samples, [P(VDF-HFP)]/2 wt% PANI-ZnS composite nanofibers exhibited the high piezoelectric peak-to-peak output voltage of 3 V compared with the neat [P(VDF-HFP)] (~ 120 mV). In addition, the high dielectric constant is observed for the [P(VDF-HFP)]/2 wt% PANI-ZnS composite nanofibers. These results implies that the fabricated flexible and efficient piezoelectric nanogenerator can be utilized for energy harvesting system.
Children’s Emotions after Exposure to News: Investigating Chat Conversations with Peers as a Coping Strategy
Authors: Ebbinkhuijsen Ming , Bevelander Kirsten E. , Buijzen Moniek , Kleemans Mariska 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHardly any research has been conducted regarding coping strategies that children can use in response to negative news, although they are frequently exposed to and emotionally affected by such news. Chat conversations with peers about the news could be a coping strategy for children in this regard. To investigate this, children (N = 307; 46.3% girls; Mage = 10.51; SDage = 0.98; range 8–13 years old) participated in a preregistered experiment in which their emotions were measured before and after exposure to a news video on a smartphone and also after a postexposure activity (i.e., chatting about the news as an experimental condition versus chatting about something else or solving a puzzle as control conditions). The results showed that the decrease in negative emotions and the increase in positive emotions were weaker for children who chatted about the news than for those in the control conditions. Thus, seeking social support in online chat conversations did not have the anticipated effect—and might even have an adverse effect.
Learning programs by learning from failures
Authors: Cropper Andrew , Morel Rolf 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe describe an inductive logic programming (ILP) approach calledlearning from failures. In this approach, an ILP system (the learner) decomposes the learning problem into three separate stages:generate,test, andconstrain. In the generate stage, the learner generates a hypothesis (a logic program) that satisfies a set ofhypothesis constraints(constraints on the syntactic form of hypotheses). In the test stage, the learner tests the hypothesis against training examples. A hypothesisfailswhen it does not entail all the positive examples or entails a negative example. If a hypothesis fails, then, in the constrain stage, the learner learns constraints from the failed hypothesis to prune the hypothesis space, i.e. to constrain subsequent hypothesis generation. For instance, if a hypothesis is too general (entails a negative example), the constraints prune generalisations of the hypothesis. If a hypothesis is too specific (does not entail all the positive examples), the constraints prune specialisations of the hypothesis. This loop repeats until either (i) the learner finds a hypothesis that entails all the positive and none of the negative examples, or (ii) there are no more hypotheses to test. We introduce Popper, an ILP system that implements this approach by combining answer set programming and Prolog. Popper supports infinite problem domains, reasoning about lists and numbers, learning textually minimal programs, and learning recursive programs. Our experimental results on three domains (toy game problems, robot strategies, and list transformations) show that (i) constraints drastically improve learning performance, and (ii) Popper can outperform existing ILP systems, both in terms of predictive accuracies and learning times.
Research progress of natural compounds in anti-liver fibrosis by affecting autophagy of hepatic stellate cells
Authors: Shu Yongxiang , Liu Xuyou , Huang Haifeng , Wen Qi , Shu Jianchang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractChronic liver diseases caused by various pathogenesis are marked by inflammatory infiltration and wound healing reaction, while their normal regeneration ability is impaired. The unbalance between the generation and the degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) leads to collagen accumulation and develops into liver fibrosis. Inflammation, oxidative stress, and autophagy interact closely in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) can not only stimulate Kupffer cells to release massive inflammatory factors, but induce autophagy. However, the latter may suppress inflammatory reaction by inhibiting proinflammatory complex formation directly, and removing damaged organelles or pathogenic microorganism indirectly. At present, effective anti-fibrosis drugs are still lacking. Previous studies have found various natural compounds enabled liver protection through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and other mechanisms. In recent years, autophagy, a vital life activity, has been found to be involved in the mechanism of liver fibrosis. As a new target, developing anti-liver fibrosis drugs that regulate the activity of autophagy is very promising. In this review, we summarize the latest studies about natural compounds in the treatment of liver fibrosis by regulating autophagy.
Lumbricus terrestris regulating the ecosystem service/disservice balance in maize (Zea mays) cultivation
Authors: van Capelle Christine , Meyer-Wolfarth Friederike , Meiners Torsten , Schrader Stefan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background and aim
Plant pathogenic and mycotoxin-producing Fusarium species are globally widespread and lead to large annual yield losses in maize production (ecosystem disservice). Systems with reduced tillage and mulching are particularly under threat. In the present study, the bioregulatory performance (ecosystem service) of the common earthworm species Lumbricus terrestris was analysed regarding the suppression of three economically relevant Fusarium species, and the reduction of their mycotoxins in the maize mulch layer, taking into account the size of maize residues.

Methods
A mesocosm field experiment was conducted in a reduced tillage long-term field trial on loam soil. Artificially Fusarium-infected maize residues of two size classes were used as a mulch layer. Impacts of the earthworm species on DNA amounts of Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, and F. verticillioides and concentrations of the mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-AcDON), and zearalenone (ZEN) were analysed.

Results
The results reflect that Fusarium regulation by L. terrestris was species-specific and covered the whole spectrum from suppression (F. graminearum) to slight promotion (F. verticillioides). Regarding the mycotoxins, a significant acceleration of the degradation of all three toxins was detected. Fine chopping of the chaff (< 2 cm) did not significantly alter the earthworms’ regulatory capacity.

Conclusion
While L. terrestris can shift the ecosystem service/disservice balance in both directions with respect to Fusarium regulation, it shifts it towards ecosystem services with respect to mycotoxin degradation. In synergy with adapted agricultural management, this natural bottom-up effect can help to keep soils healthy for sustainable production in the long run.
The effects of social spending on entrepreneurship in developed nations
Authors: Solomon Shelby , Bendickson Joshua S. , Liguori Eric W. , Marvel Matthew R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUnderstanding how national policy can spur entrepreneurial activity is central to entrepreneurship research. Over the past decade, there has been a limited set of research findings to suggest that social spending may increase entrepreneurship in addition to serving more direct social purposes. We examine the topic through the lens of market failure theory and Austrian economics. In accordance with the Austrian perspective, we theorize that social spending increases the opportunity cost of entrepreneurship, thereby decreasing the attractiveness of entrepreneurship in comparison to salaried employment. Drawing from a sample of 31 developed countries spanning 2004–2011, we investigate the effects of social spending on entrepreneurial attitudes and activity. Our results indicate that country level social spending negatively affects entrepreneurial activity, business ownership, and the public’s view of entrepreneurship as a career choice. The findings suggest that social spending may be better suited for addressing social issues compared to spurring entrepreneurial attitudes or activity. Our findings have implications for both the entrepreneurship and national policy literature.
Dynamic evolution of Panax species
Authors: Shim Hyeonah , Waminal Nomar Espinosa , Kim Hyun Hee , Yang Tae-Jin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Panax ginseng is one of the most valuable medicinal plants in Korea. However, deciphering its full genome sequence information for crop improvement has been hampered due to its complex genomic, genetic, and growth characteristics. Many efforts have been made in the past decade to overcome these limitations and understand the genome structure and the evolutionary history of P. ginseng.

Methods
This review aims to discuss the current status of genomic studies on P. ginseng and related species, and the experimental clues suggesting phylogenetic classification and evolutionary history of the genus Panax.

Conclusion
The development of sequencing technologies made genome sequencing of the large P. ginseng genome possible, providing fundamental information to deciphering the evolutionary history of P. ginseng and related species. P. ginseng went through two rounds of whole genome duplication events after diverging from the closest family Apiaceae, which was unveiled from complete whole genome sequences. Further in-depth comparative genome analysis with other related species and genera will uncover the evolutionary history as well as important morphological and ecological characteristics of Panax species.
A genome-wide association study for prolificacy in three Polish sheep breeds
Authors: Smołucha Grzegorz , Gurgul Artur , Jasielczuk Igor , Kawęcka Aldona , Miksza-Cybulska Anna 
Published: February 2021

AbstractReproductive traits (especially litter size) are usually characterized by low heritability, and thus, phenotypic selection is often ineffective and slow. In order to improve fertility characteristics such as ovulation rate and litter size, it seems more effective to select breeding animals based on their genotype. The aim of the study was to use genome-wide association study (GWAS) in three sheep breeds to identify the genetic variants affecting the litter size in sheep. The study allowed us to identify one genome-wide significant SNP (rs402032081—located in ephrin type-A receptor 6,EPHA6) showing an association with litter size in Polish Mountain Sheep. We suggest that theEPHA6gene can be a candidate gene for prolificacy trait in selected breeds of sheep; however, it needs further functional data for validation.