bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Memory Distortions Are Predicted by Feature Representations in Parietal Cortex
Authors: Zhao Yufei , Chanales Avi J. H. , Kuhl Brice A. 
Published: February 2021

Similarity between memories is a primary cause of interference and forgetting. Exaggerating subtle differences between memories is therefore a potential mechanism for reducing interference. Here, we report a human fMRI study (n= 29, 19 female) that tested whether behavioral and neural expressions of memories are adaptively distorted to reduce interference. Participants learned and repeatedly retrieved object images, some of which were identical except for subtle color differences. Behavioral measures of color memory revealed exaggeration of differences between similar objects. Importantly, greater memory exaggeration was associated with lower memory interference. fMRI pattern analyses revealed that color information in parietal cortex was stronger during memory recall when color information was critical for discriminating competing memories. Moreover, greater representational distance between competing memories in parietal cortex predicted greater color memory exaggeration and lower memory interference. Together, these findings reveal that competition between memories induces adaptive, feature-specific distortions in parietal representations and corresponding behavioral expressions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSimilarity between memories is a primary cause of interference and forgetting. Here, we show that, when remembering highly similar objects, subtle differences in the features of these objects are exaggerated in memory to reduce interference. These memory distortions are reflected in, and predicted by, overlap of activity patterns in lateral parietal cortex. These findings provide unique insight into how memory interference is resolved and specifically implicate lateral parietal cortex in representing feature-specific memory distortions.
ALGUNAS ÁREAS DE TRABAJO ESENCIALES EN EL PROGRAMA DEL DIPLOMA DEL BACHILLERATO INTERNACIONAL
Authors: Muñoz Castillo Antonio 
Published: February 2021

El artículo que se presenta tiene como objetivo ofrecer una propuesta de mejora en la implementación del Diploma del Bachillerato Internacional en ciertas parcelas que se han definido como esenciales para el desarrollo del programa. De esta manera, se proponen tres grandes áreas de perfeccionamiento para cualquier centro educativo que imparta el Diploma relacionadas con los siguientes aspectos: rendimiento académico del alumnado, liderazgo pedagógico y desempeño docente. Estas tres líneas de actuación abarcan los ámbitos académico y organizativo de los centros educativos y son parcelas esenciales para hacer avanzar el programa Diploma, además, están totalmente relacionadas con la implementación de las normas y aplicaciones concretas que rigen los programas del Bachillerato Internacional.
Consecuentemente, este artículo pone énfasis en algunos aspectos que favorecen la mejora de la calidad educativa en el centro educativo en el marco y contexto de la implementación del programa Diploma del Bachillerato Internacional. De esta forma, el objetivo es señalar áreas concretas de trabajo y una serie de buenas prácticas asociadas que puedan servir de instrumento a cualquier colegio del Mundo IB para el perfeccionamiento y desarrollo del Diploma.
Reviewing the Reviewers: (Re)Translations and the Literary Press
Authors: Wardle Mary 
Published: February 2021

Within the wider context of (re)translation and reception, this paper outlines a model for assessing how literary review publications address (re)translated works and whether there has been any discernable evolution in their approach over the period during which Translation Studies has emerged and consolidated itself as an academic discipline: the corpus comprises all issues over three separate years (1980, 2000 and 2018) of two international, English-language literary reviews (The New York Review of Books and London Review of Books). The analysis covers all reviews of works of literature translated from any language into English, both for the first time and retranslations, assessing whether there is any observable diachronic change over the time period in question. Although the scope of the material under inspection is limited, this study outlines the methodology developed for analyzing the manner in which reviews address translated texts and, more specifically, retranslations: this methodology, which involves classifying the corpus according to a taxonomy of features typical of the genre, is applicable to wider investigations across different languages, text types, time spans, platforms. Issues examined include how the reviewers assess the quality of the (re)translations; how texts are quoted; the significance of paratextual elements; the figure of the reviewer; whether retranslation is highlighted and/or reviewed differently to first translations. Future applications of the model are also considered.
Deciphering African Financial Development Interaction With Institutional Quality And Economic Growth Nexus
Authors: Nketia Easmond Baah , Kong Yusheng 
Published: February 2021

The paper scrutinized the correlation between financial development interaction with institutional quality and economic growth in Africa. The study adopted 30 different interactions. The study used the Augmented mean group estimation technique to estimate the model. Gross domestic savings/GDP and broad money/GDP positively influenced growth with the majority of interactions with institutional quality indicators. Credit to Private Sector/GDP interaction with Voice & Accountability; and Political Stability has a higher impact on growth than any interaction variable. However, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, and corruption control are weak in Africa; even if interacted with financial development indicators, it mostly reduces economic growth. This study recommends that governments in Africa strengthen financial development indicators; Bank Deposit/GDP, Gross Domestic Savings/GDP and Credit to private sector/GDP, and institutional quality indicator political stability & absence of violence since their interaction has proven to aid rapid economic growth.JEL Classification: E17, F62, F63How to Cite:Nketia, E. B., & Kong, Y. (2021). Decipheting African Financial Development Interaction with Institutional Quality and Economic Growth Nexus. Etikonomi: Jurnal Ekonomi, 20(1), 23 – 44. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v20i1.16177.
Exploring Philosophy of Co-Movements Between Stocks and Macroeconomic Variables
Authors: Ilyas Umer , Butt Matti Ullah , Gulzar Muhammad 
Published: February 2021

This study's background is to explore how significant are macroeconomic variables (MEV) in explaining stock movements in the developing economy for every sector and each firm of those sectors. To overcome the deficiencies of traditional index base studies, which provide only cumulative impact and response of MEV and Stock movements, fill the gap of existing literature that is not available for all Pakistan stock exchange (PSX). Panel ARDL Model with Co-Integration is using to achieve this objective. The results show that the overall sector response for changing independent variables was different from the firms from the same sectors in many cases. These results show superiority over the conventional method of using a stock index as the dependent variable, which shows only cumulative response, which was not comprehensive for taking the right portfolio and designing policy for economic development. This study has general applicability to developing economies.JEL Classification: E4, F3, G1, M1How to Cite:Ilyas, U., Ullah, M., & Gulzar, M. (2021). Exploring Philosophy of Co-Movements Between Stocks and Macroeconomic Variables. Etikonomi, 20(1), 67 – 76. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v20i1.17614.
Financial Development, Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction in India: An Empirical Evidence
Authors: Alam Md. Qaiser , Alam Md. Shabbir 
Published: February 2021

The paper examines the response of poverty reduction based on financial development and economic growth in India. The ARDL and ECM based model techniques analyze the long-run and short-run relationship among the variables in the model. The long-run estimates depict that financial development and economic growth have not significantly impacted poverty reduction and, on the other hand, resulted in injecting inequality and becoming attended to wealthier sections of the society. The short-run estimates show that financial development and economic growth have successfully tried to reduce poverty in India. The results flash a long-run nature of poverty in India and need to designs and formulations of policies that should be instrumental in reducing poverty. Impulse Response Functions' application indicates that poverty reduction will act as a catalyst for further poverty reduction in India.JEL Classification: I32, B26, O40, R15How to Cite:Alam, M. Q., & Alam, M. S. (2021). Financial Development, Economic Growth, and Poverty Reduction in India. Etikonomi: Jurnal Ekonomi, 20(1), 13 – 22. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v20i1.18417.
Deletion of Myeloid Interferon Regulatory Factor 4 (Irf4) in Mouse Model Protects against Kidney Fibrosis after Ischemic Injury by Decreased Macrophage Recruitment and Activation
Authors: Sasaki Kensuke , Terker Andrew S. , Pan Yu , Li Zhilian , Cao Shirong , Wang Yinqiu , Niu Aolei , Wang Suwan , Fan Xiaofeng , Zhang Ming-Zhi , Harris Raymond C. 
Published: February 2021

Significance Statement
Macrophage proliferation and polarization to the M2 phenotype play a key role in AKI recovery. However, M2 macrophages also can produce profibrotic factors and their persistence may contribute to interstitial fibrosis. The authors demonstrated that mice with macrophage-specific deletion of the gene encoding IFN regulatory factor 4 (Irf4), a mediator of myeloid polarization, exhibited decreased renal fibrosis after severe AKI, in association with less-activated macrophages. Bone marrow–derived monocytes from such mice had diminished chemotactic responses, with decreased activation of the PI3 kinase/AKT pathway. Renal macrophage infiltration in response to AKI was markedly decreased in these mice and in wild-type mice with inhibition of AKT activity. These studies provide novel insights into the role of IRF4 by demonstrating its important function to mediate monocyte recruitment to injured tissue.

Background
AKI is characterized by abrupt and reversible kidney dysfunction, and incomplete recovery leads to chronic kidney injury. Previous studies by us and others have indicated that macrophage infiltration and polarization play key roles in recovery from AKI. The role in AKI recovery played by IFN regulatory factor 4 (IRF4), a mediator of polarization of macrophages to the M2 phenotype, is unclear.

Methods
We used mice with myeloid or macrophage cell–specific deletion of Irf4 (MΦ Irf4

−/−
) to evaluate Irf4’s role in renal macrophage polarization and development of fibrosis after severe AKI.

Results
Surprisingly, although macrophage Irf4 deletion had a minimal effect on early renal functional recovery from AKI, it resulted in decreased renal fibrosis 4 weeks after severe AKI, in association with less-activated macrophages. Macrophage Irf4 deletion also protected against renal fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction. Bone marrow–derived monocytes (BMDMs) from MΦ Irf4

−/−
mice had diminished chemotactic responses to macrophage chemoattractants, with decreased activation of AKT and PI3 kinase and increased PTEN expression. PI3K and AKT inhibitors markedly decreased chemotaxis in wild-type BMDMs, and in a cultured macrophage cell line. There was significant inhibition of homing of labeled Irf4

−/−
BMDMs to postischemic kidneys. Renal macrophage infiltration in response to AKI was markedly decreased in MΦ Irf4

−/−
mice or in wild-type mice with inhibition of AKT activity.

Conclusions
Deletion of Irf4 from myeloid cells protected against development of tubulointerstitial fibrosis after severe ischemic renal injury in mice, due primarily to inhibition of AKT-mediated monocyte recruitment to the injured kidney and reduced activation and subsequent polarization into a profibrotic M2 phenotype.
Implications of therapeutic touch and relaxation massage on aging
Authors: Micillo Glaucia Pegorari , Garcia Nair Nunes , Alonso Angelica Castilho , Montiel José Maria , Bastos Marta Ferreira 
Published: February 2021

Background: The social, technological and scientific advances mainly linked to the health area were important for increasing the longevity of the world population, which highlights the need for studies and public policies aimed at the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases associated with aging. The search for complementary therapeutic techniques and practices to improve the quality of life of the elderly has increased in order to decrease the complications of the aging process such as chronic pain, fatigue, changes in sleep quality, stress/anxiety, depression and the risk of polypharmacy. Objective: Discuss the importance of touch in the elderly and the implications of using this therapeutic technique in improving the quality of life of the elderly. Methods: Through bibliographic review, it was selected studies on touch and its implications on the physical, emotional and sentimental aspects of the elderly's life. There are several methodologies that use touch as a trigger for benefits to the body, such as: therapeutic touch, reiki and relaxation massage. However, massage has been strongly considered in the scientific literature, especially as it is a non-invasive and non-medicated technique, based on slips, friction, compression and stretches with different intensities and in certain regions of the body that promote improvement of physical aspects, such as: increased blood flow, with consequent increase in oxygenation and the arrival of nutrients to the tissues. Conclusion: It is possible to suggest that the beneficial influence of massage on physical, emotional and sentimental aspects may provide an improvement in the quality of life of the elderly.
Multimedialny moduł tematyczny (MMT), czyli o głośnym czytaniu jako aksjologicznej edukacji na lekcjach polskiego w szkole średniej
Authors: Kotarba Elżbieta 
Published: February 2021

<p align="JUSTIFY">The task of humanistics, including didactics of the Polish language, is a meeting with literary work. This is a difficult task, especially nowadays when electronic media has become the main carriers of values and pseudo-values. The author presents the results of the research based on the value of reading after the lessons about Sophocles' <em>King Oedipus</em> as part of the curriculum of multimedia thematic modules. Reading has turned out to be an irreplaceable benefit in the face of the growing reluctance of young people to discuss difficult and demanding reading material in Polish language lessons.</p>
CONTABILIDADE, GESTÃO E TRANSPARÊNCIA NO TERCEIRO SETOR: UMA ANÁLISE NAS ASSOCIAÇÕES RURAIS DO MUNICÍPIO DE SERTÂNIA-PE
Authors: De Melo Wilton Alexandre , Freire Lucicleide De Souza , Nascimento Mauriceia Carvalho , Da Silva Cristiane Gomes 
Published: February 2021

A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo identificar como a contabilidade contribui na gestão das associações rurais do município de Sertânia-PE. Para atingir o objetivo proposto, a metodologia utilizada foi à pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, caracterizada como pesquisa de levantamento, com abordagem quali-quantitativa, tendo como instrumento de coleta de dados um questionário. A amostra é composta por 50 associações escolhidas aleatoriamente e por acessibilidade. Os principais resultados evidenciaram que as prestações de contas de 96% das associações são realizadas na própria sede das associações durante as reuniões periódicas. Todas contam com auxilio de contadores, apesar destes profissionais não serem tão presentes, pelo fato de seus serviços estarem restritos a questões burocráticas. O que demanda o auxílio e suporte do Conselho Municipal de Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável (CMDRS). 70% das associações só vêem no trabalho da contabilidade o suporte dos serviços burocráticos, como as obrigações e exigências sociais e tributárias inerentes ao terceiro setor que devem ser atualizadas. Apesar de estarem satisfeitas com os serviços prestados não fazem uso dos serviços contábeis para subsidiar o gerenciamento e processo decisório das associações.
Analysis of the Application Effect of Health Education in Skin Care
Authors: Qi Weijie 
Published: February 2021

<p>Objective: to analyze the effect of health education intervention in clinical nursing of patients with skin diseases. Methods: from January 2018 to March 2019, 122 patients with skin diseases were admitted to our hospital and randomly divided into two groups, with 61 cases in each group. The selected patients gave informed consent to this study. The control group was given routine dermatological care, and the observation group was given systematic health education. The treatment effect, mood score and quality of life score of the two groups were compared. Results: the treatment time, recurrence times and outpatient treatment times of the observation group were lower than those of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P &lt; 0.05); the HAMA score and HAMD score of the observation group after intervention were lower than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: the implementation of health education for patients with skin diseases during the nursing process can effectively promote the recovery of the condition and reduce the number of treatments and recurrences. At the same time, it can improve the patients’ bad mental mood and improve the quality of life of the patients.</p>
Modelo estadístico para optimización de espacios físicos
Authors: Bouillon Adolfo 
Published: February 2021

Los pronósticos juegan un papel importante en el proceso de planificación de toda organización, porque influyen en las decisiones actuales sobre operaciones a futuro. Por ejemplo, en la universidad, el pronóstico de los alumnos que se matricularían en las asignaturas permite determinar el número de secciones requeridas, así como el personal docente que impartiría clases en dichas secciones, es decir, permite optimizar el uso de capital físico como del capital humano.En este sentido, cuando el pronóstico no es correcto se presentan dos situaciones: primero, el número de secciones estimadas sería superior al número real de secciones requeridas, debiendo cerrarse– por norma– aquellas secciones que tienen menos del mínimo establecido de alumnos, generando malestar en los docentes que ya no contarían con aquellas horas de dictado; segundo, el número de secciones podría ser menor al número real requerido, generando un déficit que deberá cubrirse con más profesores y más aulas; y en caso de no lograrlo, los alumnos terminarían perjudicándose al no poder matricularse en las asignaturas que ellos seleccionaron.Por lo anteriormente expuesto, una adecuada estimación de los alumnos matriculados en los cursos tiene un impacto importante en la eficiencia de las operaciones de la universidad, así como, y sobre todo, en los indicadores de satisfacción de los estudiantes. En este contexto, el objetivo general de esta investigación es estimar y proyectar el número de alumnos matriculados y consecuentemente, el número de secciones de un curso seleccionado de una universidad privada local. Ello con el fin de tener mayor información para asignar óptimamente el capital físico (i.e. infraestructura: aulas y laboratorios) y humanos (i.e. número de docentes), y así resaltar la importancia del uso de modelos empíricos, para estimar, y finalmente proyectar, en la toma de decisiones empresariales.Específicamente, en esta investigación, presentamos un modelo estadístico para estimar y proyectar la cantidad de alumnos matriculados para un curso de administración de las operaciones, perteneciente a la Dirección de Administración de dicha universidad. Para cumplir con estos dos propósitos metodológicamente, adoptamos un modelo de regresión lineal en logaritmos (i.e., una estructura de doble logaritmo), estimada estadísticamente con la técnica de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios. Una vez estimado, el modelo permite predecir con la confianza esperada el número de alumnos que el curso en estudio debería tener a inicio de cada ciclo académico, desde el periodo 1996 hasta 2015. Para estimar el modelo, usamos Gauss y MS Excel.Este trabajo se desarrolla en tres partes. En primer lugar, describimos brevemente el marco teórico del modelo de regresión lineal múltiple como principio organizacional. En segundo término, planteamos y desarrollamos el modelo, y finalmente, como tercer paso, usamos los resultados para inferir un pronóstico del número de alumnos que se matricularían en el curso antes referido, para los fines antes descritos.
El marketing en la economía informal peruana
Authors: Leigh James 
Published: February 2021

El Perú es una de las economías más informales del mundo. Especícamente, somos el sexto país con mayor informalidad económica: el 61% de nuestro PBI es informal y el 90% de las empresas son informales (Radio Programas del Perú, 2015). Es vital que para cualquier empresa que es un actor en actividades comerciales, debiera entender lo importante que es este tema y sus aspectos y características más importantes.
Gobierno corporativo y desempeño de la empresa chilena: evidencia empírica por medio de datos de panel
Authors: Altamirano Carrasco Gonzalo , Cartes Maus Katherine , San Martín Mosqueira Pablo 
Published: February 2021

Este documento investiga la relación entre la estructura de propiedad y el directorio con el valor de la empresa. La muestra consiste en un panel de 85 empresas chilenas no financieras para el periodo 2006-2013. Los resultados son consistentes con investigaciones previas para el caso chileno. La estructura de propiedad y la pertenencia a un grupo económico tienen influencia en el valor de la empresa. Los resultados del análisis econométrico evidencian una relación negativa entre estructura de propiedad y valor de empresa, sin embargo existe una relación positiva cuando la firma es parte de un grupo económico y aumenta en el tamaño del directorio, ambos resultados son estadísticamente significativos.
Does being an athlete help a woman? Examining how subtle bias in perceptions of leadership potential differentially impact male and female athletes
Authors: Burton Laura , Gilson Lucy , Goldberg Caren , Lowe Kevin 
Published: February 2021

El presente trabajo estudia las percepciones con relación al potencial de liderazgo de atletas hombres y mujeres, evaluando particularmente como aquellos que sostienen un sesgo sutil hacia las mujeres influencian estas percepciones. Se evaluaron doscientos treinta y un participantes (n = 231), atletas hombres o mujeres (en un deporte de género neutro o género especifico) u hombres o mujeres no atletas, con relación a su potencial de liderazgo en un contexto simulado de empleo. Adicionalmente, se midió el nivel de sexismo entre los participantes. Se analizaron los resultados para evaluar la interacción entre participación en deportes, sexo del postulante y nivel de sexismo del participante. Por sí misma, la participación en deportes no afectó el puntaje de potencial de liderazgo de las mujeres postulantes a un trabajo, sin embargo, los hallazgos apoyaron la presencia de un sutil sesgo hacia las atletas y no atletas mujeres, entre cierto tipo de evaluadores. Específicamente, los evaluadores que calificaron más alto en sexismo, tendieron a evaluar a las mujeres atletas tan alto en potencial de liderazgo como a las mujeres no atletas. Estos hallazgos se discuten en el contexto de la teoría de congruencia de rol.