bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Quality of Life Impact Refractive Correction (QIRC) questionnaire: validation of the Malay-translated version of the QIRC using Rasch analysis
Authors: Md-Muziman-Syah Md Mustafa , Muzir Nur Solehah , Abdul Mutalib Haliza , Ab. Halim Noorhazayti 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The Quality of Life Impact Refractive Correction (QIRC) questionnaire is a Rasch-validated instrument to assess the quality of life of ametropes with refractive correction. The original QIRC was validated in the United Kingdom. This study aimed to validate the Malay version of the QIRC among refractive correction wearers in Malaysia using Rasch analysis.

Methods
The original 20-item QIRC was forward-backward translated into Malay in preparation for the Pilot Malay QIRC. The pilot version was pre-tested on 105 spectacle/contact lens-corrected myopes, and the results were reviewed and cross-culturally adapted to produce the Final Malay QIRC. The final version was self-administered to a new sample of 304 participants. A Rasch analysis was conducted to evaluate the items and response categories of the Pilot and the Final Malay QIRC. Test-retest reliability was also analysed on the Final Malay QIRC.

Results
Based on the pre-test findings, Rasch analysis revealed a multidimensional scale (functional scale [Items 1 to 13] and emotional scale [Items 14 to 20], which were separated in subsequent analysis), unordered response categories for the functional scale (Category 3 was collapsed into Category 2), one misfit item (Item 3 was removed) and six items required modification (Items 4, 6 to 9, and 12 were reworded and cross-culturally adapted). In the Final Malay QIRC, both the functional and emotional scales had ordered response categories, good person reliability (functional, 0.80; emotional, 0.81) and separation index (functional, 2.01; emotional, 2.06), well-targeted items (targeting precision: functional, 0.28 logits; emotional, 0.08 logits), and satisfactory fit statistics (infit and outfit mean square were less than 1.50 for all items). A noticeable differential item functioning (DIF) between genders was found in Item 18 (DIF contrast, 0.40 logits; p = 0.04). Test-retest reliability analysis demonstrated a high intraclass correlation coefficient (0.94) and Cronbach’s alpha (0.97) with a coefficient of repeatability of ±8.14 units.

Conclusions
The Malay-translated version of the QIRC has good psychometric characteristics for assessing the quality of life of refractive correction wearers in Malaysia. This translated and cross-culturally adapted Malay QIRC is a valid and reliable instrument that can be used in routine clinical practice.
Implementing lateral flow devices in long-term care facilities: experiences from the Liverpool COVID-19 community testing pilot in care homes— a qualitative study
Authors: Kierkegaard Patrick , Micocci Massimo , McLister Anna , Tulloch John S. P. , Parvulescu Paula , Gordon Adam L. , Buckle Peter 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Antigen-based lateral flow devices (LFDs) offer the potential of widespread rapid testing. The scientific literature has primarily focused on mathematical modelling of their use and test performance characteristics. For these tests to be implemented successfully, an understanding of the real-world contextual factors that allow them to be integrated into the workplace is vital. To address this gap in knowledge, we aimed to explore staff’s experiences of integrating LFDs into routine practice for visitors and staff testing with a view to understand implementation facilitators and barriers.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis.

Results
We identified two main themes and five subthemes. The main themes included: visitor-related testing factors and staff-related testing factors. Subthemes included: restoring a sense of normality, visitor-related testing challenges, staff-related testing challenges, and pre-pilot antecedent factors.

Conclusion
Our study demonstrates that the real-world implementation of LFDs to test visitors and staff faces significant challenges as a result of several contextual factors negatively affecting the work practice and environment. More comprehensive studies are needed to identify and inform effective implementation strategies to ensure that LFDs can be adopted in an agile way that better supports an already exhausted and morally depleted workforce.
PDX1 and MC4R genetic polymorphisms are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus risk in the Chinese Han population
Authors: Wang Ning , Tong Rui , Xu Jing , Tian Yanni , Pan Juan , Cui Jiaqi , Chen Huan , Peng Yanqi , Fei Sijia , Yang Shujun , Wang Lu , Yao Juanchuan , Cui Wei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disease that is caused by a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. This research aimed to investigate the association of genetic polymorphisms in PDX1 and MC4R with T2DM risk.

Methods
The genotypes of 10 selected SNPs in PDX1 and MC4R were identified using the Agena MassARRAY platform. We utilized odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the correlation between genetic polymorphisms and T2DM risk.

Results
We found that PDX1-rs9581943 decreased susceptibility to T2DM among in a Chinese Han population (OR = 0.76, p = 0.045). We also found that selected genetic polymorphisms in PDX1 and MC4R could modify the risk of T2DM, which might also be influenced by age, sex, BMI, smoking status, and drinking status (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
We concluded that PDX1 and MC4R genetic variants were significantly associated with T2DM risk in a Chinese Han population. These single polymorphic markers may be considered to be new targets in the assessment and prevention of T2DM among Chinese Han people.
Identification of novel key genes associated with the metastasis of prostate cancer based on bioinformatics prediction and validation
Authors: Song Feifeng , Zhang Yiwen , Pan Zongfu , Hu Xiaoping , Yi Yaodong , Zheng Xiaochun , Wei Haibin , Huang Ping 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) is a lethal tumor. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying PCa progression have not been fully elucidated.

Methods
Transcriptome expression profiling and clinical information on primary and metastatic PCa samples were obtained from TCGA. R software was used to screen the DEGs, and LASSO logistical regression method was utilized to identify the pivotal PCa metastasis-related DEGs. The transcriptional expression levels of the key genes were analyzed using the UALCAN database, and the corresponding protein expression were validated by Immunohistochemistry (IHC). Survival analysis of the key genes was performed using the GEPIA database. Wound healing assay and Transwell assay were conducted to determine whether knockdown of the key genes influence the migration and invasion abilities of PCa cells (22Rv1 and PC3). GSEA was performed to predict key genes-mediated signaling pathways for the development of PCa. Western blotting was used to evaluate the expression changes of E-cadherin, Twist1, and Vimentin in PCa cells with the key genes silencing. An in vivo mouse metastatic model for PCa was also generated to verify the important role of ISG15 and CST2 in PCa metastasis.

Results
A comparison between primary and metastatic PCa tissues was conducted, and 19 DEGs were screened. Among these, three key genes were identified that might be closely associated with PCa progression according to the LASSO logistical analysis, namely ISG15, DNAH8, and CST2. Further functional experiments revealed that knockdown of ISG15 and CST2 suppressed wound healing, migration, and invasion of PCa cells. To explore the molecular mechanism of ISG15 and CST2 in the development of PCa, GSEA was performed, and it was found that both genes play crucial roles in cell adhesion molecules, extracellular matrix-receptor interaction, and focal adhesion. Western blotting results exhibited that inhibiting ISG15 and CST2 led to increase the expression of E-cadherin and decrease the expression of Twist1 and Vimentin. Additionally, the metastatic in vivo study demonstrated that both PC3 and 22Rv1 cells expressing with luciferase-shISG15 and luciferase-shCST2 had significantly lower detectable bioluminescence than that in the control PCa cells.

Conclusion
ISG15 and CST2 may participate in PCa metastasis by regulating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling pathway. These findings may help to better understand the pathogenetic mechanisms governing PCa and provide promising therapeutic targets for metastatic PCa therapy.
Negative pressure wound therapy versus usual care for surgical wounds healing by secondary intention (SWHSI-2 trial): study protocol for a pragmatic, multicentre, cross surgical specialty, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Chetter Ian , Arundel Catherine , Martin Belen Corbacho , Hewitt Catherine , Fairhurst Caroline , Joshi Kalpita , Mott Andrew , Rodgers Sara , Goncalves Pedro Saramago , Torgerson David , Wilkinson Jacqueline , Blazeby Jane , Macefield Rhiannon , Dixon Stephen , Henderson Eileen , Oswald Angela , Dumville Jo , Lee Matthew , Pinkney Thomas , Stubbs Nikki , Wilson Lyn 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The majority of surgical wounds are closed (for example with sutures or staples) and so heal by primary intention. Where closure is not possible, or the wound subsequently breaks down, wounds may be left to heal from the bottom up (healing by secondary intention). Surgical wound healing by secondary intention (SWHSI) frequently presents a significant management challenge. Additional treatments are often required during the course of healing, and thus a significant financial burden is associated with treating these wounds.
Increasingly, negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is used in the management of SWHSI. This wound dressing system provides a negative pressure (vacuum) to the wound, removing fluid into a canister, which is believed to be conducive to wound healing. Despite the increasing use of NPWT, there is limited robust evidence for the effectiveness of this device. A well-designed and conducted randomised controlled trial is now required to ascertain if NPWT is a clinically and cost-effective treatment for SWHSI.

Methods
SWHSI-2 is a pragmatic, multi-centre, cross surgical specialty, two arm, parallel group, randomised controlled superiority trial. Adult patients with a SWHSI will be randomised to receive either NPWT or usual care (no NPWT) and will be followed up for 12 months.
The primary outcome will be time to healing (defined as full epithelial cover in absence of a scab) in number of days since randomisation. Secondary outcomes will include key clinical events (hospital admission or discharge, treatment status, reoperation, amputation, antibiotic use and death), wound infection, wound pain, health-related quality of life, health utility and resource use.

Discussion
Given the increasing use of NPWT, despite limited high-quality supporting evidence, the SWHSI-2 Trial will provide robust evidence on the clinical and cost-effectiveness of NPWT in the management of SWHSI.
The SWHSI-2 Trial opened to recruitment in May 2019 and is currently recruiting across 20 participating centres.

Trial registration
ISRCTN 26277546. Prospectively registered on 25 March 2019
Effect of manual therapy with exercise in patients with chronic cervical radiculopathy: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Alshami Ali M. , Bamhair Duaa A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Research that has examined the effects of cervical spine mobilization on hypoesthesia and hypersensitivity characteristics in patients with cervical radiculopathy is scarce. The aim of this study was to examine the short-term effects of vertebral mobilization on the sensory features in patients with cervical radiculopathy.

Methods
Twenty-eight participants with chronic cervical radiculopathy were randomly allocated to (1) an experimental group [cervical vertebral mobilization technique and exercise] or (2) a comparison group [minimal superficial circular pressure on the skin and exercise]. Participants received a total of 6 sessions for 3–5 weeks. Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), Neck Disability Index (NDI), pressure pain threshold (PPT), heat/cold pain threshold (HPT/CPT), and active cervical range of motion (ROM) were measured at baseline immediately after the first session and after the sixth session.

Results
The experimental group showed improvements from baseline to session 6 in NPRS [mean difference 2.6; 95% confidence interval: −4.6, −0.7], NDI [14; −23.3, −4.3], and active cervical ROM in extension [14°; 2.3, 25.5], rotation [16°; 8.8, 22.5], and lateral flexion to the affected side [10°; 2.3, 16.8]. Improvements were also found in PPT at the neck [124 kPa; 57, 191.1] and C7 level at the hand [99 kPa; 3.6, 194.9]. There were no changes in the HPT and CPT at any tested area (P>0.050).

Conclusions
Cervical vertebral mobilization for patients with chronic cervical radiculopathy reduced localized mechanical, but not thermal, pain hypersensitivity.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03328351). Registered on November 1, 2017, retrospectively registered.
Study protocol: multimodal physiotherapy as an add-on treatment to botulinum neurotoxin type A therapy for patients with cervical dystonia: DysPT-multi—a prospective, multicentre, single-blind, randomized, controlled study
Authors: Werner Christian , Loudovici-Krug Dana , Derlien Steffen , Rakers Florian , Smolenski Ulrich C. , Lehmann Thomas , Best Norman , Günther Albrecht 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is currently the best therapeutic option in the treatment for cervical dystonia (CD). Additional treatments like physiotherapy (PT) may even improve the results of the BoNT injection with type A (BoNT-A), but there are no definite recommendations. In the last few years, some studies showed tendencies for PT as an adjuvant therapy to benefit. However, high-quality studies are required.

Methods
This study is a multicentre, randomized, single-blind, controlled trial to demonstrate the effectiveness of a multimodal PT program compared to a nonspecific cupping therapy, additionally to the BoNT-A therapy. Two hundred participants will be assigned into the multimodal PT plus BoNT intervention arm or the BoNT plus cupping arm using randomization. Primary endpoint is the total Score of Toronto Western Spasmodic Rating Scale (TWSTRS). Secondary endpoints are the mobility of the cervical spine (range of motion, ROM), the TWSTRS subscales, and the quality of life (measured by questionnaires: CDQ-24 and SF-36). Patients will be single-blind assessed every 3 months according to their BoNT injection treatment over a period of 9 months.

Discussion
The study aims to determine the effectiveness and therefore potential benefit of an additional multimodal physiotherapy for standardized treatment with BoNT-A in patients with CD, towards the BoNT-therapy alone. This largest randomized controlled trial in this field to date is intended to generate missing evidence for therapy guidelines.

Trial registration
The study was registered in the German Clinical Study Register before the start of the patient recruitment (DRKS00020411; date: 21.01.2020).
Effect of a 1-year intervention comprising brief counselling sessions and low-dose physical activity recommendations in Japanese adults, and retention of the effect at 2 years: a randomized trial
Authors: Tripette Julien , Gando Yuko , Murakami Haruka , Kawakami Ryoko , Tanisawa Kumpei , Ohno Harumi , Konishi Kana , Tanimoto Michiya , Tanaka Noriko , Kawano Hiroshi , Yamamoto Kenta , Morishita Akie , Iemitsu Motoyuki , Sanada Kiyoshi , Miyatake Nobuyuki , Miyachi Motohiko 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
In an effort to increase people’s adherence to active lifestyles, contemporary physical activity (PA) guidelines now include low-dose PA.

Methods
PA was evaluated in 583 participants of the Nutritional and Physical Activity Intervention Study (NEXIS) cohort (30–65 years old); 349 inactive participants (MVPA, 2.7 ± 1.0 MET-h/day) were randomly assigned to the intervention or control groups, and 235 active participants participated in follow-up visits. The intervention aimed to increase MVPA and comprised five brief counseling sessions over 1 year. The 1-year target for the participant was increasing their step-count to 10,000 steps/d or +3000 steps/d, relative to the baseline score. The counseling sessions were designed to stimulate progressive changes in physical behaviors by recommendations promoting small and/or light-intensity bouts of PA. PA was measured at baseline, the end of the intervention, and 1 year after the intervention ended. Additionally, several nutrition, health, and fitness parameters were measured.

Results
Participants in the intervention group significantly increased their step-count from 8415 ± 1924 at baseline to 9493 ± 2575 at the end of the 1-year period. During the same period, MVPA significantly increased by 0.9 MET-h. The daily time spent in ≥ 3, ≥ 4 and ≥ 5 MET activities increased by 11, 6, and 3 min, respectively. This increase in PA remained observable 1 year after intervention concluded. The active group maintained higher physical activity levels throughout the two years. The intervention group showed smaller energy intakes at the end of the 2-year period. Significant correlations were noted between the 1-year change in MVPA and the change in resting heart rate (r =  − 0.22), and between the 2-year change in MVPA and the change in waist circumference (r =  − 0.08) and peak oxygen consumption capacity (r = 0.23) in the intervention group only.

Conclusions
A prolonged and progressive PA intervention promoting small bouts of light-to-moderate PA may be used in healthy, not-optimally-active people to increase PA beyond the strict period of the intervention. Further studies are necessary to understand whether low-dose PA messages can be effective in initiating a progressive increase toward larger amounts of PA.
Trial registration: Clinical Trials.gov, NCT00926744, retrospectively registered.
Pneumonectomy in a child due to belated diagnosis of foreign body aspiration: a case report
Authors: Razafimanjato Narindra N. M. , Ralaivao Rindra A. , Ravelomihary Tsiry D. N. , Hunald Francis A. , Rakotovao Jean Louis H. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Introduction
With early diagnosis, fiberoptic or rigid bronchoscopy methods are the gold standard in the management of tracheobronchial foreign body. Otherwise, nonrecognized bronchial foreign bodies cause irreversible damage to the airways and lungs. The deficiency of the health system noted in many developing countries such as Madagascar, combined with the fundamental problem relating to children’s conditions, which are determined by social and educational factors, makes it almost impossible to provide early and appropriate management of the penetration syndrome.

Case presentation
An 11-year-old Malagasy female patient was referred to our hospital for an investigation of the etiology of the patient’s hemoptysis. The investigations revealed a localized bronchiectasis and atelectasis due to a foreign body obstructing the left main bronchus. Based on the hemoptysis and left lung almost destroyed by an occlusive lesion within, we decided to proceed with left pneumonectomy. A retrospective interrogation revealed a choking episode 4 years prior in elementary school after the child sucked on a pen cap and involuntarily aspirated it. Two years after the pneumonectomy, our patient was doing well and was asymptomatic.

Conclusion
In this case report, we describe a rare case of a late presentation of foreign body aspiration that resulted in a left pneumonectomy in a child. Despite our favorable results, pneumonectomy must be the preferred last option. Preventive actions remain the optimal approach.
A neonate with spontaneous arterial limb ischemia and an aneurysm of the oval foramen: a case report
Authors: van Vonderen J. J. , Keus J. M. H. , van Schaik J. , Smiers F. J. , ten Harkel D. J. , Lopriore E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn this case report, we describe a very rare case of severe limb ischemia due to an arterial embolus caused by an aneurysm of the oval foramen in a term-born infant that occurred in the first few hours after birth.Case presentationA newborn male Caucasian patient presented on the maternity ward with ischemia of the right foot. Ischemia was treated with nitroglycerin spray and low-molecular-weight heparin in therapeutic dosage. An aneurysm of the oval foramen was found during postnatal echocardiography screening. This was thought to be the source of an embolus causing limb ischemia. At birth and upon follow-up, no clotting disorders were found. A large part of the right forefoot was ischemic, leading to loss of digits 1, 2, and 3. No significant loss of function was found in the first year of life.ConclusionSevere limb ischemia can be caused by an embolus arising from an aneurysm of the oval foramen and can be treated with heparin.
Production, post-harvest management and gender dynamics among smallholder peanut farmers in Haiti
Authors: Kostandini Genti , Rhoads James , MacDonald Gregory E. , Tanellari Eftila , Johnson Rob , Carroll Eric , Pressoir Gael 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Peanut is an important crop for farmers in Haiti. Currently, very limited information is available on farmers’ yields, production practices as well as post-harvest practices that reduce aflatoxin prevalence and increase food security.

Methods
A household survey from Haiti and regression analysis are used to examine peanut production among small female and male-headed households in terms of yield and post-harvest practices (use of tarps for drying and sorting) which are very important for preventing aflatoxins.

Results
We find that yields are low (average 270 kg/ha) compared to more developed countries (more than 2000 kg/ha) and there is substantial room for improvement. Female-headed households have lower yields compared to male-headed households and farming on a slope imposes a penalty on peanut yields. We did not find significant differences between male and female-headed households on post-harvest practices when it comes to the use of a tarp for drying peanuts, but households where decisions were made jointly are more likely to use a tarp.

Conclusions
There is substantial room for improving peanut yields among smallholder farmers in Haiti. Households with more access to capital, as measured by off-farm income and receiving remittances, are associated with an increase the likelihood of tarp use, which may reduce levels of aflatoxin contamination. In addition, saving more seed and joint decisions are associated with an increased level of sorting efforts, which will lower aflatoxin prevalence and increase food security.