bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis and development of optical methods to re-use optical stimulated luminescent dosimeters
Authors: Silva C R E , Souza L F , Nogueira M S , Meira-Belo L C 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) is a worldwide used technique in ionizing radiation dosimetry applications, such as personal and environmental monitoring. At the CDTN-CNEN facilities is produced a ceramic detector of α-Al2O3:C, which is used in the routine environmental monitoring and for research purposes. In order to reuse these detectors, it was developed, at Luminescent Dosimetry Laboratory an optical bleaching device, which can operate with green and blue LED illumination modes. The present work describes the use of such device to bleach the optically accessible traps, taking the detectors to its background signal levels. Reference dosimeters α-Al2O3:C commercial and magnesium tetraborate were used also for comparison. As a general procedure, before any irradiation, the used detectors were optically bleached by 36 hours. For the best efficiency of bleaching, after irradiation, the ceramic and commercial aluminum oxide detectors were optically bleached under blue LED light for 3 and 6 hours, respectively. For tetraborate detectors, the required time of optical bleaching was 2 hours, under blue LED illumination.
Calibration of two portable detection devices for in vivo measurements of high-energy photon emitters incorporated by humans in accidental situations
Authors: Soares A. B. , Lucena E. A. , Dantas A. L. A. , Dantas B. M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This work presents the evaluation of the applicability and sensitivity of two portable detection devices specially designed for in vivo measurement of high-energy photon emitters incorporated by humans. The calibration was performed at the In-Vivo Monitoring Laboratory of the IRD. The equipment consist of a NaI(Tl) 3”x3” and a NaI(Tl) 3”x1.5” scintillation detectors assembled on tripods. The detectors and their compact associated electronics are connected via USB cable to a portable PC. Spectrum acquisition and analysis are controlled by specific commercially available software. The calibrations were performed using a standard liquid source of 152Eu contained in 3.3 L polyethylene bottles. The evaluation of the systems is based on the estimation of the minimum committed effective doses associated to the minimum detectable activities, calculated using current biokinetic and dosimetric models available in the literature. The dose detection limits for selected radionuclide of interest in an emergency scenario have shown to be far below 1 mSv, allowing the system to be useful in accident situation.
The use of Augmented Reality for the teaching of dosimetry and metrology of ionizing radiation at IRD
Authors: Gonçalves GL , Delgado JU , Razuck FB 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
It can be said that ionizing radiation are of great importance to society, considering the range of applications of nuclear technology. In this sense, the Institute for Radiation Protection and Dosimetry (IRD) acts in favor of the health and safety of the population and workers exposed to radiation, promoting the preservation of the environment. Therefore, safety is extremely important in the construction of knowledge in Ionizing Radiation Metrology (IRM), due to the use of radioactive sources in its practice. Then, the adoption of safe methodologies is fundamental in the teaching-learning process. Thus, technological tools such as Augmented Reality (AR) are being increasingly used to present, in real environment, virtual elements such as equipment, spaces, concepts and practices, avoiding contact with radioactive sources. In this case, AR is a technology that dramatically displaces the location and time of learning and training. New information and communication technologies are not only powerful and compact tools for delivering AR experiences through personal computers and mobile devices, but also developed and sophisticated in order to combine the real world with improved information interactively. The objective of this work is to demonstrate the possibility of using AR as a pedagogical tool for the learning of radiation protection in IRD courses, as well as assisting in the training of professionals and students in the nuclear safety area.
Fading estimation of SOL-GEL α-Al2O3 detectors
Authors: Polo I O , Caldas L V E 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The OSL and the TL techniques are used in several fields of radiation dosimetry. The dosimeters are affected by a signal loss in the time between the irradiation and readout (fading). This undesirable characteristic can cause an underestimation of the irradiation dose. The fading estimation of SOL-GEL α-Al2O3 with several different concentrations of impurities is reported. The thermal fading and the light-induced fading of the SOL-GEL α-Al2O3 detectors were estimated. Furthermore, the exponential equations used to interpolate the experimental results were presented.
Influence of the dosimeter calibration conditions on the mean glandular dose in mammography
Authors: Bianchi Vivian C R N , Silva Claudete R E , Da Silva Teógenes A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Digital technology in mammography and breast tomosynthesis introduced the use of W and Rh target x-ray tubes with Al, Mo, Rh and Ag additional filters. In Brazil, due to the limited capability of metrology laboratories, x-ray dosimetry in mammography is done with different types of dosimeters that may not be calibrated for such specific clinical beams. The objective of this work was to study the influence of different calibration conditions on the determination of the mean glandular dose in dosimetry in mammography beams.
Preliminary Monte Carlo simulation of non-laser light sources for photodynamic therapy
Authors: Alva-Sánchez M S , Quevedo A , Bonatto A , Pianoschi T 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In photodynamic therapy (PDT), a photosensitizing agent is administered following irradiation on the target volume. The wavelength beam to activate the photosensitizer is ranging from 400 nm to 800 nm. Such wavelengths are generated by laser and non-laser light sources. However, the use of x-ray induced in photodynamic therapy has been investigated as a combination of radiotherapy and PDT. Moreover, x-rays are used for deeper penetration into tissue, extending the use of this therapy for tumours that would not be reachable by conventional PDT. In general, x-rays with keV to MeV energies are used for X-PDT. The aim of the present work is to investigate the use of monochromatic, low-energy beams for photodynamic therapy applications. Monte Carlo simulations are performed for distinct target volumes irradiated by a nonlaser (low-energy x-rays). Models of soft tissue and a mixture some photosensitizer plus soft tissue were considered. For each case, the energy fluence distribution at a given depth was calculated. A higher percentage difference of ∼20% was found when comparing the beam profile between soft tissue and the mixing Hpd, Photofrin, ALA, PpIX with soft tissue for low energy x-ray. Preliminary results showed that simulated x-ray beams could work for PDT.
Study on electronic equilibrium of 137Cs gamma radiation for 3D printed phantoms using OSL dosimetry
Authors: Villani D. , Rodrigues Jr O. , Mascarenhas Y.M. , Campos L. L. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
With the popularization of 3D printing technologies, it is now possible to develop patient specific simulators and various other accessories using this technology in medical physics and dosimetry. This work aims to evaluate the electronic equilibrium of 3D printed phantoms using PLA and ABS filaments compared to PMMA for 137Cs gamma rays using OSL dosimetry. A Landauer microStar ii commercial OSL system was commissioned and it was used nanoDot dosimeters. Phantom plates with 2.5, 3.0 and 5.0 mm thickness were used to obtain electronic equilibrium for 137Cs gamma rays. Measurements were compared with PMMA measurements at standard conditions. Results show that measurements with ABS and PLA thicknesses of 2.5 and 3.0 mm presents dosimetry results within irradiation uncertainty. More accuracy is obtained using 3.0 mm for both PLA and ABS phantoms, with differences in less than 0.5%. It can be concluded that PLA and ABS 3D phantom plates has similar properties of PMMA for 137Cs gamma rays dosimetry and can be used for developing dosimetry accessories for this energy photon beam.
Use of CFD by IDQBRN for Radiological Defense Using CTBTO Radionuclide Measurements
Authors: Bonfim C E S , Barbosa F O , da Silva J A V , Brum T 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Institute of Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defense (IDQBRN) is part of the Brazilian Army’s Chemical, Biological and Nuclear Defense System (SisDQBRNEx), based on the lines of research conducted in its laboratory complex. Through its Computational Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (LFC), has been inserting into its research activities the use of CTBTO data to simulate various scenarios containing the dispersion of radionuclides in the atmosphere, thus predicting response and specific emergency actions. In this work, data inversion was performed to determine the amount of 137Cs released during the Fukushima Daichi nuclear accident, followed by a CFD simulation to analyze the behavior of the radioactive cloud at obstacles near the emission source, the dose received and the concentration level of 137Cs in the atmosphere.
Method for calibration of SPAD detectors using photon time of arrival statistics
Authors: Tavares VS , Costa Monteiro E , Temporão GP 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Single-photon Avalanche Detectors (SPAD) are widely used in modern quantum optics experiments and applications. This work proposes an alternative method for calibrating SPADs by optical attenuation, based on the recognition of the statistical distribution of time intervals between consecutive detections.
Experimental-numerical approach to the estimation of uncertainty in robot pose measurement
Authors: Porath M C , Gross C F D , Eger J S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Accurate pose measurements are crucial for the reliability of the kinematic calibration and performance evaluation of a robotic manipulator. Spherical coordinate measurement systems such as laser trackers and total stations are commonly used to collect sets of 3D points from which position and orientation of a moving coordinate frame attached to the end-effector in relation to a reference coordinate frame are calculated. Estimating the uncertainty of this specific measurement task is necessary to provide traceability to these measurements. In this paper we propose combing measurements of calibrated artefacts with Monte Carlo simulations to estimate this task-specific measurement uncertainty. The application of this method has been demonstrated for the performance evaluation of a Stewart Platform using a robotic total station. Expanded uncertainties between 0.40 mm and 0.63 mm have been estimated for position. Expanded uncertainty was 0.10° for all orientation results.
A case study on electromagnetic field assessment and uncertainty evaluation
Authors: Travassos X L , Grubsic S , Porath M C , Souza Filho A L 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure assessment carried out in an observatory open for general public, where there are multiple radio and television transmitters in the surrounding area. An uncertainty evaluation is presented, considering that the main broadcast stations reduced their transmitted power to comply with the regulatory limits throughout the observatory area. A discussion is done about uncertainty of measurement result and its use or not in both precautionary measure and sanctioning process applied by regulatory authority.
Design of a current switching system for high accuracy current sources in AC-DC Transfer applications
Authors: Hernández Prada CF , Sáchica Avellaneda M , Martínez López A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A current switching system for AC-DC transfer applications using Single Junction Thermal Converters (SJTC) was designed and tested at Instituto Nacional de Metrología (INM). This switch design can directly commute between a DC reference current source and an unknown AC current source generated by high accuracy calibrators such as Fluke 5720A and Fluke 5730A. Two vacuum latch relays with an estimated switching speed of less than 10 ms were used. A control unit developed over a MSP430 Microcontroller allowed the switching control and serial communication with instruments through LabVIEW. It was found that, it takes between 2 s and 3 s for high accuracy calibrators to switch between an operating DC current and an AC current, or vice versa; therefore, the current commutation time is limited by the calibrator. By using two calibrators and the implemented current switching system it was possible to reduce the commutation time to about 300 ms, which is less than the reported SJTC thermal time constant. The switching system must be fast enough to avoid the calibrators to go to a standby state. The research work showed that the switching system could be used to improve thermal converters operation for the calibration of high accuracy AC current sources and multimeters.
Development of a voltage curve prediction model for lithium-ion battery based on destructive tests
Authors: Teixeira R. S. D. , Louzada D. R. , Gusmão L. A.P. , Calili R. F. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
With the increasing development of portable devices, research on mobile power sources have been an important goal. Thus, the improvement on their safety, energy density and degradation rate is the current challenge of different researchers. The present work seeks to develop an algorithm, based on artificial neural networks, to predict the voltage curve of a lithium-ion battery based on destructive tests. It was found that the developed system can define the condition of the battery in the test and generates voltage curves that allow the estimation of the batterys charge and its charging time.
The application of modified polyetheleneterphthalate (pet) nanofibers; characterization and isotherm study
Authors: Ahmed H A , Saleem P H , Yasin S A , Saeed I A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this study, dibenzo crown ether (DB18C6) is used to chemically modify the Electrospun Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) nanofibers. The main parameters influence on the PET nanofiber’s surface modification with crown ether concentration and other solvents has been tested. The PET nanofibers with and without (DB18C6) are put into comparison by scrutinizing FTIR, TGA, SEM, and EDX results. It is to be mentioned that the modification of the PET nanofibers with crown ether is utilized for the extraction of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. For the purpose of evaluating the potential of the chemically modified PET nanofibers as adsorbents to remove MB from aqueous solutions, experiments of batch adsorption are carried out. The effect of MB concentration, solution pH, and shaking time are optimized. Several isotherm models such as Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin, and Dubinin - Radushkevich (D-R) equations are utilized to test the equilibrium results. Owing to the high correlation coefficient (R2), the adsorption of MB into the modified PET is detected through Langmuir model. ΔGo, ΔHo, and ΔSo quantities are estimated. The negative ΔG° values, the positive ΔHo, and ΔSo values indicate that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic.
Synthesis and characterization of new compounds derived from 2-hydrazinobenzothiazole and evaluated their antibacterial activity
Authors: Khalil M I , Khalal Q Z 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A series of new benzothiazole hydrazide derivatives starting from 2-mercaptobenzothiazole have been synthesized. 2-hydrazinobenzothiazole [M1] was prepared by refluxing of a mixture of hydrazine hydrate. H2O (80%) with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole. The reaction of the compound [M1] with the synthesized esters and amino esters [M2-M7 afforded benzothiazole hydrazide derivatives [M8-M13]. Compounds [M2-M7] were prepared from the reaction of different amino acids and carboxylic acids with absolute ethanol in presence of concentrated sulfuric acid. The structures of all synthesized compounds were established on the basis of FT-IR and some of them by 1H-NMR. The synthesized compounds have been evaluated for antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Among thirteen synthesized compounds, in which four compounds (M8-M12) exhibited promising antibacterial activity.
Electrochemical study of Fe II/Fe III on modified GCE with PAN and PMMA at different temperatures using cyclic voltammetry
Authors: Ibrahim A I , Radhi M M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA) was studied as a chemical compound used almost universally for teeth base manufacture. The study was focused on the effect of different temperatures of potassium ferricyanide K3[Fe(CN)6] in 1M KCl as an electrolyte using CV technique at modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE ) with poly-acrylonitrile (PAN) and PMMA as working electrode (PAN/PMMA/GCE). The thermodynamic functions such as activated enthalpy (ΔH*), free energy (ΔG*) and entropy (ΔS*) for redox current peaks of K3[Fe(CN)6] in 1M KCl on (PAN/PMMA/GCE) electrodes, using Eyring was explored. The determination of the activation energy (Ea*) determined by Arrhenius equations for the oxidation-reduction current peaks of K3[Fe(CN)6] to compare values obtained by K3[Fe(CN)6] in 1M KCl on various electrodes was studied.
Photodegradation of lauth’s violet dye using GO-Fe3O4-TiO2 nanocomposite under solar light
Authors: Hashim A , Al-Abodi E E 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
TFGO nanocomposite was synthesized from limited amounts of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles and Iron oxide nanoparticles as well as Graphene oxide nanosheets, by a situ method preparation. The producting materials were identify by (FTIR) and (AFM). The photocatalysis activity of TFGO nanocomposite was investigated by applying it in advanced oxidation processes (AOP) to degradation of Lauth’s violet or Thionine acetate (LV) dye under solar light. The photodegradation efficiency of LV dye could be gained 98% at existance of TFGO nanocomposite as photocatalyst within 320 min. Photocatalytic processes experiments were happen at different effects like temperatures and existence of light.
Comparison between nano zero valent iron supporting onto activated carbon collected via two types of reagents statistically: Carbon for cationic dye removal
Authors: Hammed A K , Al-Asfoor I K , Al-Dahan A K 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOne of the important substances was the carbon which was used to prepare adsorbents like, Nano zero-valent iron on carbon as supporting materials by sodium borohydride as a reducing agent. Nitric acid was used with heating at a temperature of 90 ° C and stirring for two hours to generate active groups on the surface of the activated carbon. The new zero-valent iron adsorbent was loaded on the surface of the functionalized activated carbon (NZVI/AC) and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), the surface area measurement (SBET), and the Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The synthesized (NZVI/AC) was applied for the removal of cationic dye as methylene blue (MB) from simulated wastewater. On the other hand, the adsorption and the kinetic studies for the MB removal were investigated via both kinetic models as the pseudo-first and the pseudo-second-order kinetic models. Also, the initial concentration of the MB adsorption studies was with a concentration of 20 mg/L, the adsorbent dosage of 0.1 g, the contact time of 60 minutes with high uptake value at natural pH solution. It was found that the removal efficiency of the adsorbent NZVI/AC was higher than the AC without Nanomaterial’s with values of 96.70% and 84.16% respectively. It is noted that the removal rate increased almost 12 times in comparison between AC and NZVI/AC. In the kinetic studies; the second-order kinetic model was more favorable than the first-order kinetic model in the adsorption mechanism. Thermodynamically, the Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) was found to be with a negative value indicating the spontaneity of the process, while the change in the entropy ΔS° and the enthalpy ΔH° with positive values indicating the adsorption of MB was an endothermic process. It could conclude that the new adsorbent NZVI/AC had significant potential for the cationic dye removal than the activated carbon AC in the environmental application.
Synthesis of some new organotellurium compounds based on 1-substituted tetrazole
Authors: Abbas S H , Al-Fregi A A , Al-Yaseen A A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
New organotellurium compounds are derived from 1-butyl-5H-tetrazole (1). 1-butyl tetrazole-5-yl mercury (II) chloride (2) was synthesized from the reaction of compound 1 with mercury acetate and sodium chloride. The 1:1 and 1:2 ratio reactions of tellurium tetrabromide with compound 2 gave 1-butyl tetrazole-5-yl tellurium tribromide (3) and di (1-butyl tetrazole-5-yl) tellurium dibromide (4), respectively. The reduction of compounds 3 and 4 by the alcoholic solution of aqueous hydrazine gave di (1-butyl tetrazole-5-yl) ditelluride (5) and di (1-butyl tetrazole-5-yl) telluride (6), respectively. The reaction of compound 5 with iodine and thionyl chloride gave 1-butyl tetrazole-5-yl tellurium triiodide (7) and 1-butyl tetrazole-5-yl tellurium trichloride (8), respectively. The reaction of compound 6 with iodine and thionyl chloride gave di (1-butyl tetrazole-5-yl) tellurium diiodide (9) and di (1-butyl tetrazole-5-yl) tellurium dichloride (10), respectively. The prepared compounds were characterized and the molar conductivities proved that the compounds 2–3 and 7–10 behaved as electrolytes (1:1).
Synthesis of peptide derivative as bio adhesive
Authors: Al-Salami F MA , Al-Shuwaili R K 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Bio adhesive material is a protein adhesive, which has recently been highlighted as an attractive biologically based and highly functional adhesive as a new chemo enzymatic synthesis of co polypeptide. The bio adhesive polymer was prepared by modification of pepsin structure with vinyl monomer such as maleic anhydride using ceric ammonium nitrate as an initiator, then the grafted copolymer was substituted with amino drugs. This design carries controlled delivery over an extended period of time due to its digesting nature. The new drug copolymer was investigated using common spectroscopy methods, such as FTIR, 1H-NMR and UV Spectroscopy. The physical properties for the prepared polymers were tested. Our results show that deprotonated is required for drug copolymers when analyzed in different pH values at 37 °C in vitro study and controlled drug release was compared at zero time and after three days. The rate of hydrolysis in basic medium was higher than acidic medium. It was concluded There are several advantages of sustain release by modified drug with slow release and in vivo performance was noted to be promising using for applications of polymer used different mice and rabbits infected with bacteria and wounds.
Extraction methods of Alhagi Maurorum (camel thorn) and its therapeutic applications
Authors: Urabee M C , Abdulsattar J O , Nasif Z N , Al-Garawi Z S 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAlhagi maurorum (A. maurorum) is one of the medicinally important plants that belongs leguminasae family, commonly known as Camel thorn. This article we will present the methods of Alhagi maurorum plant extraction, the compounds of the extract and the compounds in the plant extract and its various therapeutic applications in the medical field and highlight the importance of plant extracts as alternatives to manufactured medicines with multiple side effects, the plant extracts has many compounds the most important is flavonoid and phenolic because of their therapeutic properties such as anti-oxidants and anti-inflammatory.