bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chromosome‐scale assembly and whole‐genome sequencing of 266 giant panda roundworms provide insights into their evolution, adaptation and potential drug targets
Authors: Han Lei , Lan Tianming , Li Desheng , Li Haimeng , Deng Linhua , Peng Zhiwei , He Shaowen , Zhou Yanqiang , Han Ruobing , Li Lingling , Lu Yaxian , Lu Haorong , Wang Qing , Yang Shangchen , Zhu Yixin , Huang Yunting , Cheng Xiaofang , Yu Jieyao , Wang Yulong , Sun Heting , Chai Hongliang , Yang Huanming , Xu Xun , Lisby Michael , Liu Quan , Kristiansen Karsten , Liu Huan , Hou Zhijun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHelminth diseases have long been a threat to the health of humans and animals. Roundworms are important organisms for studying parasitic mechanisms, disease transmission and prevention. The study of parasites in the giant panda is of importance for understanding how roundworms adapt to the host. Here, we report a high‐quality chromosome‐scale genome of Baylisascaris schroederi with a genome size of 253.60 Mb and 19,262 predicted protein‐coding genes. We found that gene families related to epidermal chitin synthesis and environmental information processes in the roundworm genome have expanded significantly. Furthermore, we demonstrated unique genes involved in essential amino acid metabolism in the B. schroederi genome, inferred to be essential for the adaptation to the giant panda‐specific diet. In addition, under different deworming pressures, we found that four resistance‐related genes (glc‐1, nrf‐6, bre‐4 and ced‐7) were under strong positive selection in a captive population. Finally, 23 known drug targets and 47 potential drug target proteins were identified. The genome provides a unique reference for inferring the early evolution of roundworms and their adaptation to the host. Population genetic analysis and drug sensitivity prediction provide insights revealing the impact of deworming history on population genetic structure of importance for disease prevention.
High quality haplotype‐resolved genome assemblies of Populus tomentosa Carr., a stabilized interspecific hybrid species widespread in Asia
Authors: An Xinmin , Gao Kai , Chen Zhong , Li Juan , Yang Xiong , Yang Xiaoyu , Zhou Jing , Guo Ting , Zhao Tianyun , Huang Sai , Miao Deyu , Ullah Khan Wasif , Rao Pian , Ye Meixia , Lei Bingqi , Liao Weihua , Wang Jia , Ji Lexiang , Li Ying , Guo Bin , Siddig Mustafa Nada , Li Shanwen , Yun Quanzheng , Keller Stephen R. , Mao Jian‐Feng , Zhang Ren‐Gang , Strauss Steven H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPopulus has a wide ecogeographical range spanning the Northern Hemisphere, and interspecific hybrids are common. Populus tomentosa Carr. is widely distributed and cultivated in the eastern region of Asia, where it plays multiple important roles in forestry, agriculture, conservation, and urban horticulture. Reference genomes are available for several Populus species, however, our goals were to produce a very high quality de novo chromosome‐level genome assembly in P. tomentosa genome that could serve as a reference for evolutionary and ecological studies of hybrid speciation throughout the genus. Here, combining long‐read sequencing and Hi‐C scaffolding, we present a high‐quality, haplotype‐resolved genome assembly. The genome size was 740.2 Mb, with a contig N50 size of 5.47 Mb and a scaffold N50 size of 46.68 Mb, consisting of 38 chromosomes, as expected with the known diploid chromosome number (2n = 2x = 38). A total of 59,124 protein‐coding genes were identified. Phylogenomic analyses revealed that P. tomentosa is comprised of two distinct subgenomes, which we deomonstrate is likely to have resulted from hybridization between Populus adenopoda as the female parent and Populus alba var. pyramidalis as the male parent, with an origin of approximately 3.93 Ma. Although highly colinear, significant structural variation was found between the two subgenomes. Our study provides a valuable resource for ecological genetics and forest biotechnology.
Managing risk and uncertainty in systematic conservation planning with insufficient information
Authors: Popov Valentin , Shah Payal , Runting Rebecca K. , Rhodes Jonathan R. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Recent advances in systematic conservation planning make use of modern portfolio theory (MPT)—a framework to construct and select optimal allocation of assets—to address the challenges posed by climate change uncertainty. However, these methods are difficult to implement for fine‐scale conservation planning when the information on future climate scenarios is insufficient. Insufficient information makes the estimators of the key inputs in the optimisation procedure unreliable leading to technical problems for the construction of optimal asset allocation.

We identify three statistical methods—constant correlation model, the Ledoit–Wolf approach and the weighted non‐negative least‐squares approach—that can overcome the lack of sufficient information and enable the use of MPT for fine‐scale conservation planning.

We illustrate the use of the three methods for identifying efficient portfolio allocation strategies, that is, strategies that give minimum amount of risk for a chosen level of return or maximum return for a chosen level of risk, using case studies of wetland conservation planning in North America and coastal conservation planning in Australia. We compare conservation planning strategies with complete information using standard portfolio theory and with insufficient information using the three methods to highlight their advantages and disadvantages. We find the Ledoit–Wolf and weighted non‐negative least‐squares approaches perform well and can identify risk‐return outcomes that are close to those identified with complete information.

The methods presented in this study broaden the range of cases where the application of MPT is possible in conservation planning to enhance its uptake and lead to more efficient allocation of conservation resources.
Androgen and oestrogen receptors in the growing antlers velvet of adult and yearling pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) males
Authors: Bielli Alejandro , Freitas‐de‐Melo Aline , Genovese Patricia , Villagrán Matías , Tasende Celia , Ungerfeld Rodolfo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTo determine the presence, quantity and distribution of androgen (AR) and oestrogen receptors (ER) in the antler velvet (AV), samples were collected from adult and yearling pampas deer males, as well as skin from the ventrolateral abdominal area (ASK). Samples were analysed with ligand‐binding assays for AR and ER activity and processed for AR and ERβ immunohistochemistry. There was more content of AR in adults than in yearling males (p = 0.02), as well as a category and type of tissue interaction (p = 0.03). There was more ER content in adults than in yearling males (p = 0.005) and in the AV than in the skin (p = 0.0001). The AR‐positive score (PS) was greater in AV than in ASK in the surface stroma (p = 0.0007). In the intermediate epidermis, the AR PS was greater in adults than in yearling males (p = 0.04) and in the ASK than in the AV (p < 0.0001). There was a male category and type of tissue interaction for AR PS in the sebaceous glands (p = 0.014). The ERβ PS in the surface stroma was greater in ASK than in AV (p = 0.004) and tended to be greater in yearling than in adult males (p = 0.093). The ERβ PS in the intermediate epithelium and the sebaceous glands was greater in adults than in yearlings (p = 0.004 and p = 0.007, respectively). In conclusion, we reported for the first time the presence of AR and ER in the velvet skin of growing antlers in pampas deer males. Therefore, the velvet skin is sensitive to both androgens and oestrogens. Furthermore, the greater content of oestrogen receptors in the velvet of adult males suggests that adults are more sensitive to this hormone than yearlings, and thus, oestrogens have greater importance in velvet activity regulation in adult males.
Voluntary Earnings Notifications and Post‐earnings‐announcement Drift*
Authors: Nam Giman , Choi Sunhwa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe examine whether voluntary disclosure of earnings notifications mitigates the post‐earnings‐announcement drift (PEAD). An earnings notification, which is a firm’s voluntary announcement of the date of its earnings announcement (EA), increases investor attention to firms’ upcoming EAs and thus facilitates the incorporation of earnings news into stock prices. We find that firms with earnings notifications experience less PEAD and that the effect of earnings notifications on PEAD is greater for less visible firms. The results highlight the role of earnings notifications in improving price efficiency with respect to earnings news.
Cardiac resynchronization performed by LBBaP‐CRT in patients with cardiac insufficiency and left bundle branch block
Authors: Zu Linna , Wang Zefeng , Hang Fei , Jiang Yang , Wang Xinlu , Cheng Liting , Zhang Junmeng , Wu Yongquan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of left bundle branch area pacing (LBBaP) in patients with heart failure and left bundle branch block (LBBB), and to compare the clinical effects with traditional cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).MethodsThirty‐two patients with dilated cardiomyopathy complicated by cardiac insufficiency and left bundle branch block were divided into CRT group and LBBaP group. Parameters including pacing threshold, R‐wave amplitude, pacing impedance and operation time, and X‐ray exposure time were recorded. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter (LVEDD), and left ventricular end‐systolic diameter (LVESD) were examined by echocardiography. The changes of QRS complex before and after operation were compared.ResultsCompared with CRT group, the LBBaP group spent less time on total operation time and X‐ray exposure time and had stable electrode parameters including pacing threshold, R‐wave amplitude, and lead impedance after 12‐month follow‐up. In addition, LBBaP can achieve narrow QRS complex (117.15 ± 9.91) ms immediately than that in CRT group (130.32 ± 12.41) ms. The change of QRS between LBBaP is (50.30 ± 23.79) ms and CRT group is (33.15 ± 20.22) ms. After 6 months' follow‐up in LBBaP group, EF was higher than that before operation. Followed up for 12 months after operation, EF and LVEDD in LBBaP group were significantly improved compared with those before operation.ConclusionLeft bundle branch area pacing is a safe and effective resynchronization method for patients with cardiac insufficiency and asynchronization, which can achieve same clinical effects to CRT.
Quantifying surgical skill in macular surgery
Authors: Alberti Mark , Jacobsen Mads Forslund , Hermann Martin Nissen , Konge Lars , Christensen Ulrik Correll , Thomsen Ann Sofia Skou , la Cour Morten 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the relationship between patient outcome and surgical experience by developing an objective quality measure of macular hole surgery based on forceps damage to the inner retina.MethodsWe retrospectively examined 3 macular hole case series >1 year after pars plana vitrectomy, internal limiting membrane peeling and gas tamponade. The patients were operated by (1) a novice surgeon (<20 cases), (2) an intermediate (150+ cases) and (3) an experienced surgeon (2000+ cases). Primary outcome was inner retinal volume defect as segmented from optical coherence tomography (GCL++: thickness from internal limiting membrane to inner plexiform layer). Secondary outcome was retinal function measured by confocal microperimetry using a custom scanning protocol.ResultsThirty‐two patients were examined: 11, 10 and 11 patients in the novice, intermediate and experienced surgeon group, respectively. Median GCL++ volume defect was 23.68 × 106 μm3 (IQR: 22.77 × 106–44.81 × 106 μm3), 8.42 × 106 μm3 (IQR: 4.86 × 106–10.03 × 106 μm3) and 3.55 × 106 μm3 (IQR: 1.44 × 103–7.94 × 106 μm3) in the novice, intermediate and experienced surgeon group, respectively (p = 0.0004). The novice surgeon volume defect differed significantly from the intermediate and experienced surgeon (p = 0.016 and p = 0.0002, respectively). A subset of 12 patients underwent microperimetry measurements demonstrating correlation between inner retinal volume defect and reduced retinal sensitivity (p = 0.02).ConclusionsForceps induced inner retinal damage commonly occurs during initiation of internal limiting membrane peeling in macular hole surgery. Damage to the structure and function of the inner retina seems to correlate to surgical experience.
Association between visceral adipose tissue and major depressive disorder across the lifespan: A scoping review
Authors: Lee Jia‐In , Busler Jessica N. , Millett Caitlin E. , Principe Jessica L. , Levin Leonard L. , Corrigan Alexandra , Burdick Katherine E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesIncreasing evidence supports a bidirectional relationship between major depressive disorder (MDD) and obesity, but the role of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) as a measure of obesity in relation to MDD is not well understood. Here we review literature investigating the link between MDD and VAT in terms of biomarkers, sex differences, and aging.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL searches were conducted on December 11, 2020. No date or language limits were imposed. Major concepts searched were Depressive Disorder linked with Adipose Tissue, White, Hypothalmo–Hypophyseal System, and Pituitary–Adrenal System in addition to keywords. A final set of 32 items meeting criteria for inclusion.ResultsConverging biological evidence suggests a significant bidirectional relationship between VAT and MDD across the lifespan. In adulthood, greater VAT was associated with increased risk for depression, especially in vulnerable groups such as individuals who are overweight/obese, postmenopausal women, and individuals with comorbid medical or psychiatric illness. In older adults, sarcopenia had an impact on the relationship between abnormal VAT and risk of depression. Additionally, sex differences emerged as a potential factor affecting the strength of the association between VAT and depression.ConclusionsElucidating the pathophysiological mechanisms associated with increased rates of depression in obese individuals will be crucial for developing specific treatment strategies that seek to improve outcomes in individuals with comorbid depression and obesity. Moreover, identifying age‐ and sex‐specific risk factors may contribute to a more personalized medicine approach, thereby improving the quality of clinical care.
Plasticity of microglia
Authors: Augusto‐Oliveira Marcus , Arrifano Gabriela P. , Delage Charlotte Isabelle , Tremblay Marie‐Ève , Crespo‐Lopez Maria Elena , Verkhratsky Alexei 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTMicroglial cells are the scions of foetal macrophages which invade the neural tube early during embryogenesis. The nervous tissue environment instigates the phenotypic metamorphosis of foetal macrophages into idiosyncratic surveilling microglia, which are generally characterised by a small cell body and highly ramified motile processes that constantly scan the nervous tissue for signs of changes in homeostasis and allow microglia to perform crucial homeostatic functions. The surveilling microglial phenotype is evolutionarily conserved from early invertebrates to humans. Despite this evolutionary conservation, microglia show substantial heterogeneity in their gene and protein expression, as well as morphological appearance. These differences are age, region and context specific and reflect a high degree of plasticity underlying the life‐long adaptation of microglia, supporting the exceptional adaptive capacity of the central nervous system. Microgliocytes are essential elements of cellular network formation and refinement in the developing nervous tissue. Several distinct patrolling modes of microglial processes contribute to the formation, modification, and pruning of synapses; to the support and protection of neurones through microglial–somatic junctions; and to the control of neuronal and axonal excitability by specific microglia–axonal contacts. In pathology, microglia undergo proliferation and reactive remodelling known as microgliosis, which is context dependent, yet represents an evolutionarily conserved defence response. Microgliosis results in the emergence of multiple disease and context‐specific reactive states; in addition, neuropathology is associated with the appearance of specific protective or recovery microglial forms. In summary, the plasticity of microglia supports the development and functional activity of healthy nervous tissue and provides highly sophisticated defences against disease.
Synthesis and antiviral activity of diverse heterocyclic scaffolds
Authors: Sharma Shivali , Utreja Divya 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHeterocyclic moieties form a major part of organic chemistry as they are widely distributed in nature and have wide scale practical applications ranging from extensive clinical use to diverse fields such as medicine, agriculture, photochemistry, biocidal formulations, and polymer science. By virtue of their therapeutic properties, they could be employed in combating many infectious diseases. Among the common infectious diseases, viral infections are of great public health importance worldwide. Thus, there is an urgent need for the discovery and development of antiviral drugs and clinical methods to prevent various viral infections so as to increase the life expectancy. This review presents the comprehensive overview of the synthesis and antiviral activity of different heterocyclic compounds 2015 onwards, which aids in present knowledge and helps the researchers and other stakeholders to explore their field.
Refractive outcomes of second‐eye adjustment methods on intraocular lens power calculation in second eye
Authors: Mao Yan , Li Jianbing , Xu Yanxin , Qin Yingyan , Liu Liangping , Wu Mingxing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the refractive outcomes of second‐eye adjustment (SEA) methods in different intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation formulas for second eye following bilateral sequential cataract surgery.MethodsThis retrospective consecutive case‐series study included 234 eyes from 234 patients who underwent bilateral sequential phacoemulsification and implantation of enVista MX60 in a hospital setting. Postoperative refraction outcomes calculated by standard formulas (SRK/T and Barrett Universal II, BUII) with SEA method were compared with those calculated by an artificial intelligence‐based IOL power calculation formula (PEARL DGS) under second eye enhancement (SEE) method. The median absolute error (MedAE), mean absolute error (MAE) and percentage prediction errors (PE) of eyes within ±0.25 diopters (D), ±0.50 D, ±0.75 D and ± 1.00 D were determined.ResultsOverall, the improvement in MedAE after SEA was significant for PEARL DGS (p < 0.01), SRK/T (p < 0.001) and BUII (p = 0.031), which increased from 74.36, 71.37, and 77.78% to 83.33, 80.34, and 79.49% of eyes within a PE of ±0.50 D, respectively. For first eyes with a medium axial length (22–26 mm), PEARL DGS with SEE had the lowest MedAE (0.21 D). For a first‐eye MAE over 0.50 D, SEA method led to significant improvement in the second eye (p < 0.01). Interocular axis length differences exceeding 0.3 mm were associated with weaker effects using SEA in the studied formulas (p > 0.05).ConclusionsEither SEA method with SRK/T and BUII formulas or second‐eye enhancement method based on the PEARL DGS formula can improve postoperative refractive outcomes in second eye.
Seeing through the hedge: Phylogenomics of Thuja (Cupressaceae) reveals prominent incomplete lineage sorting and ancient introgression for Tertiary relict flora
Authors: Li Jialiang , Zhang Yujiao , Ruhsam Markus , Milne Richard Ian , Wang Yi , Wu Dayu , Jia Shiyu , Tao Tongzhou , Mao Kangshan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Eastern Asia (EA) – North America (NA) disjunction is a well‐known biogeographic pattern of the Tertiary relict flora; however, few studies have investigated the evolutionary history of this disjunction using a phylogenomic approach. Here, we used 2369 single copy nuclear genes and nearly full plastomes to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the small Tertiary relict genus Thuja, which consists of five disjunctly distributed species. The nuclear species tree strongly supported an EA clade Thuja standishii–Thuja sutchuenensis and a “disjunct clade”, where western NA species T. plicata is sister to an EA‐eastern NA disjunct Thuja occidentalis–Thuja koraiensis group. Our results suggested that the observed topological discordance among the gene trees as well as the cytonuclear discordance is mainly due to incomplete lineage sorting, probably facilitated by the fast diversification of Thuja around the Early Miocene and the large effective population sizes of ancestral lineages. Furthermore, approximately 20% of the T. sutchuenensis nuclear genome is derived from an unknown ancestral lineage of Thuja, which might explain the close resemblance of its cone morphology to that of an ancient fossil species. Overall, our study demonstrates that single genes may not resolve interspecific relationships for disjunct taxa, and that more reliable results will come from hundreds or thousands of loci, revealing a more complex evolutionary history. This will steadily improve our understanding of their origin and evolution.
Health insurance and the boomerang generation: Did the 2010 ACA dependent care provision affect geographic mobility and living arrangements among young adults?
Authors: Chatterji Pinka , Liu Xiangshi , Yörük Barış K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPublic policies can have unintended effects on young adults' decisions about living arrangements and migration. The Affordable Care Act dependent care provision mandated that private health insurance plans that offer dependent coverage must allow young adults to stay on parents' insurance until age 26. In this paper, we test whether the provision is associated with young adults' propensity to live with/near parents. Data come from the 2008 Survey of Income and Program Participation. Findings indicate that the provision is associated with increased likelihood that young adults live with a parent, and decreased likelihood that young adults live with other relatives/nonrelatives.
A direct classification approach to recognize stress levels in virtual reality therapy for patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Rezaee Khosro , Zolfaghari Shina 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, debilitating, and often progressive inflammatory disease of the nervous system. The disease is highly stressful, which accelerates the risk of depression in people diagnosed with it and possibly exacerbates MS activity. One approach to reducing stress levels in such patients is to utilize virtual reality (VR). Using VR technology and recording physiological signals before and after displaying different environments to the individual, this article proposed a novel therapy procedure for improving stress levels. In the first phase, by distinguishing the stress level obtained from each environment watched by the patient, their corresponding labels are determined by two psychiatrists. Accordingly, the automated model is designed based on the analysis of VR scenes and can accurately classify MS patients' stress levels after watching the 3D environment. The proposed model consists of a fractal descriptor and SVM‐RBF classifier to recognize VR scenes that can significantly reduce the stress level in MS patients. The accuracy of estimating MS patients' stress levels after watching different simulated VR environments is higher than 97%. By employing this method to classify VR scenes better and rehabilitate MS patients, it will be possible to significantly reduce their stress levels.