bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A global overview of genetically interpretable multimorbidities among common diseases in the UK Biobank
Authors: Dong Guiying , Feng Jianfeng , Sun Fengzhu , Chen Jingqi , Zhao Xing-Ming 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Multimorbidities greatly increase the global health burdens, but the landscapes of their genetic risks have not been systematically investigated.

Methods
We used the hospital inpatient data of 385,335 patients in the UK Biobank to investigate the multimorbid relations among 439 common diseases. Post-GWAS analyses were performed to identify multimorbidity shared genetic risks at the genomic loci, network, as well as overall genetic architecture levels. We conducted network decomposition for the networks of genetically interpretable multimorbidities to detect the hub diseases and the involved molecules and functions in each module.

Results
In total, 11,285 multimorbidities among 439 common diseases were identified, and 46% of them were genetically interpretable at the loci, network, or overall genetic architecture levels. Multimorbidities affecting the same and different physiological systems displayed different patterns of the shared genetic components, with the former more likely to share loci-level genetic components while the latter more likely to share network-level genetic components. Moreover, both the loci- and network-level genetic components shared by multimorbidities converged on cell immunity, protein metabolism, and gene silencing. Furthermore, we found that the genetically interpretable multimorbidities tend to form network modules, mediated by hub diseases and featuring physiological categories. Finally, we showcased how hub diseases mediating the multimorbidity modules could help provide useful insights for the genetic contributors of multimorbidities.

Conclusions
Our results provide a systematic resource for understanding the genetic predispositions of multimorbidities and indicate that hub diseases and converged molecules and functions may be the key for treating multimorbidities. We have created an online database that facilitates researchers and physicians to browse, search, or download these multimorbidities (https://multimorbidity.comp-sysbio.org).
The expansion of activated naive DNA autoreactive B cells and its association with disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus patients
Authors: Wangriatisak Kittikorn , Thanadetsuntorn Chokchai , Krittayapoositpot Thamonwan , Leepiyasakulchai Chaniya , Suangtamai Thanitta , Ngamjanyaporn Pintip , Khowawisetsut Ladawan , Khaenam Prasong , Setthaudom Chavachol , Pisitkun Prapaporn , Chootong Patchanee 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundAutoreactive B cells are well recognized as key participants in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, elucidating the particular subset of B cells in producing anti-dsDNA antibodies is limited due to their B cell heterogeneity. This study aimed to identify peripheral B cell subpopulations that display autoreactivity to DNA and contribute to lupus pathogenesis.MethodsFlow cytometry was used to detect total B cell subsets (n = 20) and DNA autoreactive B cells (n = 15) in SLE patients’ peripheral blood. Clinical disease activities were assessed in SLE patients using modified SLEDAI-2 K and used for correlation analyses with expanded B cell subsets and DNA autoreactive B cells.ResultsThe increases of circulating double negative 2 (DN2) and activated naïve (aNAV) B cells were significantly observed in SLE patients. Expanded B cell subsets and DNA autoreactive B cells represented a high proportion of aNAV B cells with overexpression of CD69 and CD86. The frequencies of aNAV B cells in total B cell populations were significantly correlated with modified SLEDAI-2 K scores. Further analysis showed that expansion of aNAV DNA autoreactive B cells was more related to disease activity and serum anti-dsDNA antibody levels than to total aNAV B cells.ConclusionOur study demonstrated an expansion of aNAV B cells in SLE patients. The association between the frequency of aNAV B cells and disease activity patients suggested that these expanded B cells may play a role in SLE pathogenesis.
Development of a novel selective medium for culture of Gram-negative bacteria
Authors: Al-blooshi Shooq Yousef , Latif Mustafa Amir Abdul , Sabaneh Nour K. , Mgaogao Michael , Hossain Ashfaque 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective
Although many bacterial culture media are available commercially, there is a continuous effort to develop better selective media for bacteria, which cannot be grown on existing media. While exploring antibacterial properties of clove, we observed that it has the potential to selectively inhibit growth of certain types of bacteria. This led us to do the experiments, which resulted in developing a new media which selectively allowed the growth of only Gram-negative bacteria, while inhibiting the Gram-positive bacteria.

Results
Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) was used as the base media and was modified to develop MHA-C15 (MHA containing 15% volume/volume water extract of clove). Gram-negative bacterial pathogens Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa grew on MHA-C15. However, none of the major Gram-positive bacterial pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus mutans, Bacillus spp. and Enterococcus spp. grew on it. Taken together, these findings show that MHA-C15 is a newly developed selective media for culture of Gram-negative bacteria.
Sex difference in the association between plasma selenium and first stroke: a community-based nested case-control study
Authors: Hu Huan , Bi Chonglei , Lin Tengfei , Liu Lishun , Song Yun , Wang Binyan , Wang Ping , Zhou Ziyi , Fang Chongqian , Ma Hai , Huang Xiao , Hu Lihua , Xu Xiping , Zhang Hao , Huo Yong , Wang Xiaobin , Bao Huihui , Cheng Xiaoshu , Li Ping 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
To date, there is no clearly defined association between plasma selenium levels and first stroke. We aimed to investigate the association between baseline plasma selenium and first stroke risk in a community-based Chinese population.

Methods
Using a nested case-control study design, a total of 1255 first stroke cases and 1255 matched controls were analyzed. Participant plasma selenium concentrations were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and the association of plasma selenium with first stroke risk was estimated by conditional logistic regression models.

Results
Overall, a non-linear negative association between plasma selenium and first total stroke and first ischemic stroke risks was found in males but not in females. Compared with participants with lower selenium levels (tertile 1–2, < 94.1 ng/mL), participants with higher selenium levels (tertile 3, ≥ 94.1 ng/mL) had significantly lower risks of first total stroke (OR 0.63; 95% CI 0.48, 0.83) and first ischemic stroke (OR 0.61; 95% CI 0.45, 0.83) in males but not in females with first total stroke (OR 0.92; 95% CI 0.69, 1.22) and first ischemic stroke (OR 0.89; 95% CI 0.65, 1.22). Furthermore, a stronger association between plasma selenium and first total stroke was found in males with higher vitamin E levels (≥ 13.5 μg/mL vs. < 13.5 μg/mL P-interaction = 0.007). No significant association was observed between plasma selenium and first hemorrhagic stroke risk in either males or females.

Conclusion
Our study indicated a significant, non-linear, negative association between plasma selenium and first stroke in males but not in females.

Trial registration
ChiCTR1800017274.
Factors associated with childhood diarrheal in Ethiopia; a multilevel analysis
Authors: Fenta Setegn Muche , Nigussie Teshager Zerihun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Diarrhea is the second cause of child deaths globally. According to World Health Organization reports, in each year it kills more than 525,000 children under-5 years. More than half of these deaths occur in five countries including Ethiopia. This study aimed to identify both individual and community-level risk factors of childhood diarrheal in Ethiopia.

Methods
Ethiopian demography and health survey of 2016 data were used for the analysis. A total of 10,641 children aged 0–59 months were included in the analysis. A multi-level mixed-effect logistic regression model was used to identify both individual and community-level risk factors associated with childhood diarrheal.

Result
The incidence of childhood diarrheal was 12% (95%CI: 11.39, 12.63). The random effect model revealed that 67% of the variability of childhood diarrhea explained by individual and community level factors. From the individual-level factors, children aged 36–59 month (AOR = 3.166; 95% CI: 2.569, 3.900), twin child (AOR = 1.871; 95% CI: 1.390, 2.527), birth order 5 and above (AOR = 2.210, 95% CI: 1.721, 2.839), not received any vaccination (AOR = 1.197; 95% CI: 1.190,1.527), smaller size of child at birth (AOR = 1.303;95% CI: 1.130,1.504) and never breastfed children (AOR = 2.91;95%CI:2.380,3.567) associated with the higher incidence of childhood diarrhea. From the community-level factors, living in a rural area ((AOR = 1.505; 95%CI: 1.233, 1.836)), unprotected source of drinking water (AOR: 1.289; 95% CI: 1.060, 1.567) and availability of unimproved latrine facilities (OR: 1.289; 95% CI: 1.239, 1.759) associated with the higher incidence of childhood diarrhea. Besides, Children live in Afar, Amhara, Benishangul-Gumuz, Gambella, SNNPR and Dire Dawa regions had higher incidence of childhood diarrhea.

Conclusion
The incidence of childhood diarrhea was different from cluster to clusters in Ethiopia. Therefore, integrated child health intervention programs including provisions of toilet facility, access to a clean source of drinking water, educate parents about the importance of breastfeeding and vaccination have to be strongly implemented in order to reduce the high incidence of childhood diarrhea among children in Ethiopia.
Should screening for risk of gambling-related harm be undertaken in health, care and support settings? A systematic review of the international evidence
Authors: Blank Lindsay , Baxter Susan , Woods Helen Buckley , Goyder Elizabeth 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Gambling-related harm is an increasing recognised problem internationally. Recent years have seen an explosion in opportunities to gamble, both in person and online. Health and other care settings have the potential to act as screening sites to identify and support gamblers who may be at high risk of experiencing gambling-related harm. This study aimed to identify interventions to screen for risk of gambling-related harm in the general population which may be delivered in health, care and support settings.

Methods
Systematic review. Searches of key databases and grey sources since 2012 were undertaken in October 2019. Electronic database searches generated a total of 5826 unique hits. Nine studies published 2013–2019, along with thirteen grey literature documents met our eligibility criteria. The criteria were setting (health, care and support settings), participants (any attendee in help, care and support settings), interventions (screening to identify risk of harm from gambling behaviours) and outcome measures (gambling behaviours, service use).

Results
Three papers evaluating screening interventions delivered in general practice (repeat visits and written advice), mental health service (the use of screening tools to identify risk of harm), and substance abuse treatment (intensive outpatient treatment for substance use disorders or methadone maintenance) indicated evidence of potential effectiveness. Six papers supported the feasibility and acceptability of delivering interventions in various settings. Grey literature reports described the implementation of interventions such as training materials, and transfer of interventions developed for substance abuse populations by practitioners.

Conclusions
Health, care and support services offer potentially important contexts in which to identify and offer support to people who are at risk of gambling related harm. Screening interventions appear feasible and acceptable in a range of community and healthcare settings for those at risk of gambling harm. Evaluation of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of screening in these populations should therefore be prioritised.
Study on clinical nursing pathway to promote the effective implementation of sepsis bundle in septic shock
Authors: Liu Chun-Xia , Wang Xian-Lei , Zhang Kun , Hao Gui-Zhen , Han Wei-Yan , Tian Yi-Qing , Ge Lan , Shen Li-Min 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
There is still a certain gap between the effective implementation and requirements of sepsis bundle. Our aim is to establish the clinical nursing pathway of the cluster treatment of septic shock in the Intensive Care Unit and promote effective implementation of the cluster treatment of septic shock.

Methods
By means of evidence-based method, quality control index requirements and on-site investigation, the implementation process of clinical nursing pathway of the cluster treatment within 6 h of diagnosis of septic shock was established.

Results
After the implementation of clinical nursing pathway, the completion rate of septic shock cluster treatment was 81.4% (66.4%) in 1 h, 89.4% (77.0%) in 3 h, 95.5% (82.3%) in 6 h (P < 0.05), which was significantly improved in the experimental group compared with the control group.

Conclusions
The clinical nursing pathway of septic shock cluster treatment is guided by evidence-based nursing, which emphasizes standardization and standardization of septic shock cluster treatment nursing under the guidance of the guideline, and can promote the effective implementation of septic shock cluster treatment, significantly improve efficiency of septic shock treatment and the quality of medical care.
Prediction of chemoresistance trait of cancer cell lines using machine learning algorithms and systems biology analysis
Authors: Ataei Atousa , Majidi Niloufar Seyed , Zahiri Javad , Rostami Mehrdad , Arab S. Shahriar , Rizvanov Albert A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMost of the current cancer treatment approaches are invasive along with a broad spectrum of side effects. Furthermore, cancer drug resistance known as chemoresistance is a huge obstacle during treatment. This study aims to predict the resistance of several cancer cell-lines to a drug known as Cisplatin. In this papers the NCBI GEO database was used to obtain data and then the harvested data was normalized and its batch effects were corrected by the Combat software. In order to select the appropriate features for machine learning, the feature selection/reduction was performed based on the Fisher Score method. Six different algorithms were then used as machine learning algorithms to detect Cisplatin resistant and sensitive samples in cancer cell lines. Moreover, Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) between all the sensitive and resistance samples were harvested. The selected genes were enriched in biological pathways by the enrichr database. Topological analysis was then performed on the constructed networks using Cytoscape software. Finally, the biological description of the output genes from the performed analyses was investigated through literature review. Among the six classifiers which were trained to distinguish between cisplatin resistance samples and the sensitive ones, the KNN and the Naïve Bayes algorithms were proposed as the most convenient machines according to some calculated measures. Furthermore, the results of the systems biology analysis determined several potential chemoresistance genes among which PTGER3, YWHAH, CTNNB1, ANKRD50, EDNRB, ACSL6, IFNG and, CTNNB1 are topologically more important than others. These predictions pave the way for further experimental researches.
In vitro antibacterial effect of fifth generation dentin bonding agent incorporated with nisin on Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Keerthipriya Gopal , Ravikumar Nesamani , Mahalaxmi Sekar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Bacterial adherence to restorative materials such as composite resin is one of the aetiology of secondary caries. This study evaluated the antibacterial efficacy of fifth generation bonding agent (BA) modified with nisin, against Streptococcus mutans based on its growth, adherence and membrane integrity.

Methods
Adhesive eluents of the experimental bonding agents were obtained using 250 μl Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth and the groups were control (BA with 0% Nisin), bonding agent with 1 wt% (NBA 1) and 5 wt% nisin (NBA 5). To this, 10 μl S. mutans culture was added and incubated at 37 °C. Bacterial growth was estimated by changes in optical density using spectrophotometer every 20 min for 2 h. The results were statistically analysed using one way ANOVA followed by Tukey Post Hoc test. For adherence and membrane integrity test, 10 μl of BHI supplemented with 1% sucrose and 50 μl of bacterial suspension were inoculated onto the cured specimens, and incubated for 4 h. After rinsing, 1 ml of Live/Dead BacLight bacterial viability stain was added and incubated in the dark for 15 min and observed under confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) for intact (green/live) and damaged (red/dead) bacterial membranes.

Results
Mean optical density was significantly higher in control group at all time intervals with maximum value at 2 h (0.83 ± 0.008), while there was a concentration dependant reduction in bacterial growth with the NBA groups (0.50 ± 0.007). Correspondingly, the NBA groups showed higher amount of dead than live bacteria, while live bacteria were predominant in the control group.

Significance
Addition of an antibacterial agent nisin in dentin bonding agent may render the resin dentin interface more resistant to bacterial penetration, and adherence of cariogenic bacteria like S. mutans.
Differentiation of renal angiomyolipoma without visible fat from small clear cell renal cell carcinoma by using specific region of interest on contrast-enhanced CT: a new combination of quantitative tools
Authors: Wang Xu , Song Ge , Jiang Haitao 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
To investigate the value of using specific region of interest (ROI) on contrast-enhanced CT for differentiating renal angiomyolipoma without visible fat (AML.wovf) from small clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).

Methods
Four-phase (pre-contrast phase [PCP], corticomedullary phase [CMP], nephrographic phase [NP], and excretory phase [EP]) contrast-enhanced CT images of AML.wovf (n = 31) and ccRCC (n = 74) confirmed by histopathology were retrospectively analyzed. The CT attenuation value of tumor (AVT), net enhancement value (NEV), relative enhancement ratio (RER), heterogeneous degree of tumor (HDT) and standardized heterogeneous ratio (SHR) were obtained by using different ROIs [small: ROI (1), smaller: ROI (2), large: ROI (3)], and the differences of these quantitative data between AML.wovf and ccRCC were statistically analyzed. Multivariate regression was used to screen the main factors for differentiation in each scanning phase, and the prediction models were established and evaluated.

Results
Among the quantitative parameters determined by different ROIs, the degree of enhancement measured by ROI (2) and the enhanced heterogeneity measured by ROI (3) performed better than ROI (1) in distinguishing AML.wovf from ccRCC. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of RER_CMP (2), RER_NP (2) measured by ROI (2) and HDT_CMP and SHR_CMP measured by ROI (3) were higher (AUC = 0.876, 0.849, 0.837 and 0.800). Prediction models that incorporated demographic data, morphological features and quantitative data derived from the enhanced phase were superior to quantitative data derived from the pre-contrast phase in differentiating between AML.wovf and ccRCC. Among them, the model in CMP was the best prediction model with the highest AUC (AUC = 0.986).

Conclusion
The combination of quantitative data obtained by specific ROI in CMP can be used as a simple quantitative tool to distinguish AML.wovf from ccRCC, which has a high diagnostic value after combining demographic data and morphological features.
The headcam mother-infant interaction assessment tool: testing the feasibility and acceptability in Soweto, South Africa, using participatory engagement
Authors: Wrottesley Stephanie V. , Pearson Rebecca , Prioreschi Alessandra 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundMany children in low- and middle-income countries lack the stimulation needed to support healthy growth and development. Sensitive interactions between caregivers and infants may promote healthy movement behaviours in infants, which could improve childhood growth and development. However, reliable measures for such interactions require testing in the South African context. The aim of this study was to test the acceptability and feasibility of the headcam caregiver-infant interaction assessment tool in mothers from Soweto, South Africa.MethodsNineteen mother and infant (6–24 months) pairs were asked to wear headcams (first-person observation) while participating in group and individual activities. Detailed instructions on headcam use were provided before and during these activities. Mothers were then asked to use the headcams, as well as photoframe cameras (which provided context of the interactions), in at least three, 5-min mother-infant engagement sessions at home over a 1-week period. Thereafter, focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted to explore mothers’ experiences of using the tool in the home setting. The feasibility of the headcam mother-infant interaction tool was assessed according to a priori criteria which scored (i) technical reliability of the devices and (ii) usability of the recorded footage. Acceptability was assessed according to emerging themes which were coded from the FGDs using a constant comparison method by two researchers.ResultsThe headcam mother-infant assessment tool was found to be feasible in Soweto, and sufficient data was available to code. Three main themes emerged from the FGD analysis: use of the headcam, using the headcams in the home environment and using the photoframe vs. the headcam. Mothers remarked on the ease of using the tool across daily activities, the normality of their infant’s behaviour during recording and the acceptability by other members of the household. Large amounts of wasted unusable recordings were produced, and challenges related to switching the cameras on and off and to headcam placement were discussed.ConclusionsOur study shows that headcams are both an acceptable and feasible method for assessing mother-infant interactions in Soweto. However, improvements to the usability of the tool and the quality of the data collected should be made prior to future work.
Analysing the behavioural finance impact of 'fake news' phenomena on financial markets: a representative agent model and empirical validation
Authors: Fong Bryan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes an original behavioural finance representative agent model, to explain how fake news’ empirical price impacts can persist in finance despite contradicting the efficient-market hypothesis. The model reconciles empirically-observed price overreactions to fake news with empirically-observed price underreactions to real news, and predicts a novel secondary impact of fake news: that fake news in a security amplifies underreactions to subsequent real news for the security. Evaluating the model against a large-sample event study of the 2019 Chinese ADR Delisting Threat fake news and debunking event, this paper finds strong qualitative validation for its model’s dynamics and predictions.