bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on handover strategy of heterogeneous networks based on user service quality
Authors: Wang Shaoqiang , Tang Yanfeng , Du Jingyi 
Published: November 2021

SummaryIn view of the handover problem of visible light communication (VLC) and WiFi, most of existing works focus on optimization of vertical handover algorithm of heterogeneous network. However, cooperative handover strategy of horizontal handover (HHO) and vertical handover (VHO) was rarely studied. In the situation, this paper proposes a cooperative horizontal VHO (CHVHO) strategy for heterogeneous network based on quality of experience (QoE). This strategy mainly coordinates the HHO and VHO of the network from the aspects of building servers and the simplification of indoor movement model, which improves the QoE allocated to users. Simulation results demonstrate that, compared with traditional immediate VHO (IVHO) and dwell VHO (DVHO), this strategy can be adaptive to user movement and get higher average QoE.
Development of a microchip capillary electrophoresis method for determination of the purity and integrity of mRNA in lipid nanoparticle vaccines
Authors: Raffaele Jessica , Loughney John W. , Rustandi Richard R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMessenger RNA (mRNA)‐based vaccines are advantageous because they can be relatively quicker and more cost efficient to manufacture compared to other traditional vaccine products. Lipid nanoparticles have three common purposes: delivery, self‐adjuvanting properties, and mRNA protection. Faster vaccine development requires an efficient and fast assay to monitor mRNA purity and integrity. Microchip CE is known to be a robust technology that is capable of rapid separation. Here, we describe the development and optimization of a purity and integrity assay for mRNA‐based vaccines encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles using commercial microchip‐based separation. The analytical parameters of the optimized assay were assessed and the method is a stability indicating assay.
Energy efficient routing in IOT based UWSN using bald eagle search algorithm
Authors: Kapileswar Nellore , Phani Kumar P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN) faces many problems such as limited bandwidth, large path loss, high attenuation, and limited battery power. In recent times, different routing protocols have been proposed in the Internet of Things (IoT) enabled UWSN (IoT‐UWSNs) to explore the underwater environment for different purposes, that is, scientific and military purposes. However, high energy consumption (EC), end to end (E2E) delay, low packet delivery ratio (PDR) and minimum network lifetime make the energy efficient communication a challenging task in UWSN. The high E2E delay, EC, and reliable data delivery are the critical issues, which play an important role to enhance the network throughput. For effective achievement of EC, proposed a new routing algorithm called bald eagle search (BES). It is a nature‐inspired optimization algorithm that copied bald eagle hunting behavior. The proposed routing protocol includes three stages: initialization stage, construction stage, and the data transmission phase. The nodes identify the location and the sector during the initialization process. The construction phase includes two steps, neighbor node selection, and identification of energy efficient path. Then the last phase includes the transmission, in this the broadcasting node chooses the nodes with high residual energy (RE) in comparison to the average RE of the entire network. The proposed method is implemented in MATLAB. The outcomes of simulation confirm that the BES algorithm has better performance on EC, average RE, and network lifetime than the three existing algorithm in UWSN.
Derivation of site-specific guideline values for nitrate toxicity in Pilbara receiving waters with high hardness
Authors: van Dam Rick A. , Bankin Karin , Parry David 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The current study aimed to derive site-specific guideline values (SSGVs) for nitrate toxicity that are relevant to high hardness surface waters of the Pilbara region, north-western Australia, many of which receive nitrate-rich mine water discharges. The approach involved deriving SSGVs from a species sensitivity distribution (SSD) based on candidate data sets comprising toxicity data for local Pilbara species tested in local waters and nonlocal species tested under water quality conditions similar to those of local Pilbara waters. Water hardness was identified as the primary toxicity-modifying factor for nitrate that needed to be accounted for, with temperature and pH identified as supporting variables. Using ~10 years of local water quality data, primary and secondary criteria for hardness, temperature and pH were developed and used to select the most relevant toxicity data for the derivation. The selected toxicity data, which included data for four local species tested in local water and 10 nonlocal species tested under representative water quality conditions, were categorized according to the primary and secondary criteria. Using this categorization, four candidate nitrate toxicity data sets (n = 5, 10, 12, and 14) were assessed for their suitability to derive the SSGVs. The SSDs for all data sets yielded similar protective concentration (PC) values. Based on the best balance between the relevance of the toxicity data set to the local water quality conditions and the confidence in the PC values, the PC values based on data set 3 (12 species, six taxonomic groups) were identified as being the most appropriate for the SSGVs. The SSGVs for 99%, 95%, 90%, and 80% species protection were 7.6, 15, 23, and 39 mg/L NO3-N, respectively. An assessment of the appropriateness of the SSGVs indicated that they were likely to be appropriately protective of nitrate toxicity for the high hardness (i.e., ≥160 mg/L as CaCO3) Pilbara receiving waters. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:1035–1046. © 2021 SETAC
KEY POINTS
This study derived site-specific guideline values for nitrate toxicity that reflect the high hardness characteristics of the Pilbara region in north-western Australia.
Tumour‐derived small extracellular vesicles suppress CD8+ T cell immune function by inhibiting SLC6A8‐mediated creatine import in NPM1‐mutated acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Peng Meixi , Ren Jun , Jing Yipei , Jiang Xueke , Xiao Qiaoling , Huang Junpeng , Tao Yonghong , Lei Li , Wang Xin , Yang Zailin , Yang Zesong , Zhan Qian , Lin Can , Jin Guoxiang , Zhang Xian , Zhang Ling 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAcute myeloid leukaemia (AML) carrying nucleophosmin (NPM1) mutations has been defined as a distinct entity of acute leukaemia. Despite remarkable improvements in diagnosis and treatment, the long‐term outcomes for this entity remain unsatisfactory. Emerging evidence suggests that leukaemia, similar to other malignant diseases, employs various mechanisms to evade killing by immune cells. However, the mechanism of immune escape in NPM1‐mutated AML remains unknown. In this study, both serum and leukemic cells from patients with NPM1‐mutated AML impaired the immune function of CD8+ T cells in a co‐culture system. Mechanistically, leukemic cells secreted miR‐19a‐3p into the tumour microenvironment (TME) via small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), which was controlled by the NPM1‐mutated protein/CCCTC‐binding factor (CTCF)/poly (A)‐binding protein cytoplasmic 1 (PABPC1) signalling axis. sEV‐related miR‐19a‐3p was internalized by CD8+ T cells and directly repressed the expression of solute‐carrier family 6 member 8 (SLC6A8; a creatine‐specific transporter) to inhibit creatine import. Decreased creatine levels can reduce ATP production and impair CD8+ T cell immune function, leading to immune escape by leukemic cells. In summary, leukemic cell‐derived sEV‐related miR‐19a‐3p confers immunosuppression to CD8+ T cells by targeting SLC6A8‐mediated creatine import, indicating that sEV‐related miR‐19a‐3p might be a promising therapeutic target for NPM1‐mutated AML.
CAR‐T‐OPENIA: Chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy‐associated cytopenias
Authors: Taneja Alankrita , Jain Tania 
Published: November 2021

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell is the most recent version in the evolution of cellular therapy with promising responses, which has revolutionized the management of some hematological malignancies in the current times. As the clinical use has progressed rather rapidly since the first approval in 2017, toxicities beyond cytokine release syndrome and immune effector cell‐associated neurological syndrome have surfaced. Cytopenias are common in <30 days (“early”), 30–90 days (“short‐term”) as well as >90 days (“prolonged”); and have clinical implications to patient care as well as resource utilization. We review the details of etiology, factors associated with cytopenias, and management considerations for patients with cytopenias for each of these time‐frames. This would potentially serve as a clinical guide for hematological toxicity or CAR‐T‐OPENIA, which is commonly encountered with the use of CAR T‐cell therapy.
Structure‐guided envelope trimer design in HIV‐1 vaccine development: a narrative review
Authors: Derking Ronald , Sanders Rogier W. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe development of a human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV‐1) vaccine remains a formidable challenge. An effective vaccine likely requires the induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs), which likely involves the use of native‐like HIV‐1 envelope (Env) trimers at some or all stages of vaccination. Development of such trimers has been very difficult, but much progress has been made in the past decade, starting with the BG505 SOSIP trimer, elucidation of its atomic structure and implementing subsequent design iterations. This progress facilitated understanding the weaknesses of the Env trimer, fuelled structure‐guided HIV‐1 vaccine design and assisted in the development of new vaccine designs. This review summarizes the relevant literature focusing on studies using structural biology to reveal and define HIV‐1 Env sites of vulnerability; to improve Env trimers, by creating more stable versions; understanding antibody responses in preclinical vaccination studies at the atomic level; understanding the glycan shield; and to improve “on‐target” antibody responses versus “off‐target” responses.MethodsThe authors conducted a narrative review of recently published articles that made a major contribution to HIV‐1 structural biology and vaccine design efforts between the years 2000 and 2021.DiscussionThe field of structural biology is evolving at an unprecedented pace, where cryo‐electron microscopy (cryo‐EM) and X‐ray crystallography provide complementary information. Resolving protein structures is necessary for defining which Env surfaces are accessible for the immune system and can be targeted by neutralizing antibodies. Recently developed techniques, such as electron microscopy‐based polyclonal epitope mapping (EMPEM) are revolutionizing the way we are analysing immune responses and shed light on the immunodominant targets on new vaccine immunogens. Such information accelerates iterative vaccine design; for example, by reducing undesirable off‐target responses, while improving immunogens to drive the more desirable on‐target responses.ConclusionsResolving high‐resolution structures of the HIV‐1 Env trimer was instrumental in understanding and improving recombinant HIV‐1 Env trimers that mimic the structure of viral HIV‐1 Env spikes. Newly emerging techniques in structural biology are aiding vaccine design efforts and improving immunogens. The role of structural biology in HIV‐1 vaccine design has indeed become very prominent and is unlikely to diminish any time soon.
The Raman laser spectrometer ExoMars simulator (RLS Sim): A heavy‐duty Raman tool for ground testing on ExoMars
Authors: Lopez‐Reyes Guillermo , Veneranda Marco , Manrique Jose Antonio , González Martín Álvaro , Moral Andoni , Perez‐Canora Carlos , Rodríguez Prieto Jose Antonio , Sanz Arranz Aurelio , Saiz Cano Jesús , Lalla Emmanuel , Konstantinidis Menelaos , Prieto‐Ballesteros Olga , Medina Jesús , González Manuel Ángel , Charro Elena , Lopez Jose Manuel , Rull Fernando 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Raman laser spectrometer (RLS) instrument onboard the Rosalind Franklin rover of the ExoMars 2022 mission will analyze powdered samples on Mars to search for traces of life. To prepare for the mission, the RLS scientific team has developed the RLS ExoMars Simulator (RLS Sim), a flexible model of RLS that operates similarly to the actual instrument, both in laboratory and field conditions, while also emulating the rover operational constraints in terms of sample distribution that are relevant to the Raman analysis. This system can operate autonomously to perform RLS‐representative analysis in one or several samples, making it very useful to perform heavy experimental tasks that would otherwise be impossible using a flight‐representative model of the instrument. In this work, we introduce the current configuration of the RLS Sim that has incorporated new hardware elements such as the RAman Demonstrator 1 (RAD1) spectrometer with the objective of approaching its performance to that of the actual RLS instrument. To evaluate the scientific capability of the RLS Sim, we have compared it with a replica model of RLS, the RLS Flight Spare (FS). Several acquisition aspects have been evaluated based on the analysis of select samples, assessing the performance in terms of spectral range and resolution and also studying several issues related to the evolution of signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) with different acquisition parameters, especially the number of accumulations. This performance analysis has shown that the RLS Sim in its updated configuration will be a key model to perform support science for the ExoMars mission and the RLS instrument on the Rosalind Franklin rover. Designed to work intensively, the use of the RLS Sim in combination with the RLS FS will facilitate maximizing the scientific return of the RLS spectrometer during Martian operations.
Do Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis Exhibit Elevated Rates of Covid‐19 Infection?
Authors: Workman Alan D. , Bhattacharyya Neil 
Published: November 2021

Patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) may have concerns regarding their potential for an increased likelihood of contracting Covid‐19, given baseline inflammatory disease and utilization of topical or oral immunosuppressive therapies for disease treatment. In the present study, we utilize matched cohort sampling of over 12,000 CRS patients and 12,000 controls seen between June of 2020 and January of 2021, examining rates of Covid‐19 testing and positivity during that time period. We found no difference in Covid‐19 contraction between CRS patients and matched non‐CRS patients, despite an almost twofold significant increase in testing among those with CRS. This suggests that CRS patients are likely not inherently more vulnerable to Covid‐19 infection at a rate above that of the general population.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 132:257–258, 2022
Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus MN‐431 Producing Indole Derivatives on Complementary Feeding‐Induced Diarrhea Rat Pups Through the Enhancement of the Intestinal Barrier Function
Authors: Niu Haiyue , Zhou Xiaohong , Gong Pimin , Jiao Yuehua , Zhang Jiliang , Wu Yifan , Lyu Linzheng , Liang Cong , Chen Shiwei , Han Xue , Zhang Lanwei 
Published: November 2021

ScopeMany infants suffer from complementary feeding‐induced diarrhea (CFID). Studies have shown that intestinal microbes can enhance the intestinal barrier and prevent diarrhea by producing indole derivatives that promote pregnane X receptor (PXR) expression.Methods and ResultsIn this study, the indole test and determination of the PXR concentration are performed on tryptophan broth cultures of 320‐suspected Lactobacillus and Enterococcus strains. Four strains that produce indole derivatives that promote the expression of PXR are screened as potential functional probiotics. Both Lactobacillus rhamnosus MN‐431 (L. rhamnosus MN‐431) and Lactobacillus oris FN‐448 (L. oris FN‐448) can colonize the intestine of rat pups, and L. rhamnosus MN‐431 can significantly decrease the incidence of diarrhea and intestinal permeability in rat pups. Using real‐time qPCR and the analysis of the intestinal morphology using immunohistochemistry, it is observed that the metabolized tryptophan from L. rhamnosus MN‐431 can reduce small intestinal mucosal damage by stimulating PXR/NF‐κB signaling and activating PXR and aryl hydrocarbon receptor. The intestinal barrier is also enhanced by promoting the expression of tight junction proteins such as Occludin and zonula occludens‐1 in baby rats.ConclusionThe results demonstrate that L. rhamnosus MN‐431 can metabolize tryptophan to prevent infantile CFID by promoting the expression of PXR.
Recent Advances in Research on Polyphenols: Effects on Microbiota, Metabolism, and Health
Authors: Rajha Hiba N. , Paule Armelle , Aragonès Gerard , Barbosa Mariana , Caddeo Carla , Debs Espérance , Dinkova Rada , Eckert Gunter P. , Fontana Ariel , Gebrayel Prisca , Maroun Richard G. , Napolitano Alessandra , Panzella Lucia , Pasinetti Giulio Maria , Stevens Jan F. , Schieber Andreas , Edeas Marvin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPolyphenols have attracted huge interest among researchers of various disciplines because of their numerous biological activities, such as antioxidative, antiinflammatory, antiapoptotic, cancer chemopreventive, anticarcinogenic, and antimicrobial properties, and their promising applications in many fields, mainly in the medical, cosmetics, dietary supplement and food industries. In this review, the latest scientific findings in the research on polyphenols interaction with the microbiome and mitochondria, their metabolism and health beneficial effects, their involvement in cognitive diseases and obesity development, as well as some innovations in their analysis, extraction methods, development of cosmetic formulations and functional food are summarized based on the papers presented at the 13th World Congress on Polyphenol Applications. Future implications of polyphenols in disease prevention and their strategic use as prophylactic measures are specifically addressed. Polyphenols may play a key role in our tomorrow´s food and nutrition to prevent many diseases.
Effects of the 2012 and 2018 US preventive services task force prostate cancer screening guidelines on pathologic outcomes after prostatectomy
Authors: Plambeck Benjamin D. , Wang Luke L. , Mcgirr Samantha , Jiang Jinfeng , Van Leeuwen Bryant J. , Lagrange Chad A. , Boyle Shawna L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn May 2018, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommended prostate cancer (PCa) screening for ages 55–69 be an individual decision. This changed from the USPSTF's May 2012 recommendation against screening for all ages. The effects of the 2012 and 2018 updates on pathologic outcomes after prostatectomy are unclear.MethodsThis study included 647 patients with PCa who underwent prostatectomy at our institution from 2005 to 2018. Patient groups were those diagnosed before the 2012 update (n = 179), between 2012 and 2018 updates (n = 417), and after the 2018 update (n = 51). We analyzed changes in the age of diagnosis, pathologic Gleason grade group (pGS), pathologic stage, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and favorable/unfavorable pathology. Multivariable logistic regression adjusting for pre‐biopsy covariables (age, prostate‐specific antigen [PSA], African American race, family history) assessed impacts of 2012 and 2018 updates on pGS and pathologic stage. A p  < 0.05 was statistically significant.ResultsMedian age increased from 60 to 63 (p = 0.001) between 2012 and 2018 updates and to 64 after the 2018 update. A significant decrease in pGS1, pGS2, pT2, and favorable pathology (p < 0.001), and a significant increase in pGS3, pGS4, pGS5, pT3a, and unfavorable pathology (p < 0.001) was detected between 2012 and 2018 updates. There was no significant change in pT3b or LVI between 2012 and 2018 updates. On multivariable regression, diagnosis between 2012 and 2018 updates was significantly associated with pGS4 or pGS5 and pT3a (p < 0.001). Diagnosis after the 2018 update was significantly associated with pT3a (p = 0.005). Odds of pGS4 or pGS5 were 3.2× higher (p < 0.001) if diagnosed between 2012 and 2018 updates, and 2.3× higher (p = 0.051) if after the 2018 update. Odds of pT3a were 2.4× higher (p < 0.001) if diagnosed between 2012 and 2018 updates and 2.9× higher (p = 0.005) if after the 2018 update.ConclusionsThe 2012 USPSTF guidelines negatively impacted pathologic outcomes after prostatectomy. Patients diagnosed between 2012 and 2018 updates had increased frequency of higher‐risk PCa and lower frequency of favorable disease. In addition, data after the 2018 update demonstrate a continued negative impact on postprostatectomy pathology. Thus, further investigation of the long‐term effects of the 2018 USPSTF update is warranted.
Identifying water factors that are related to ammonia nitrogen concentrations in Columbia River using a reversed hazard exponential model
Authors: de Abreu dos Santos Danrley , Martins Andrey Cassiano , da Silva Kauana Mara , Nunes Amanda Correa , Miranda Yara Campos , Battistelli André Aguiar , de Oliveira Ricardo Puziol , Camilo Rodrigo , Achcar Jorge Alberto 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAmmonia nitrogen is a compound that in its abundance is related to the inadequate discharge of industrial and domestic effluents. Since high concentrations of ammonia nitrogen can directly affect the water quality or disturb the marine environment, this study examined the ammonia nitrogen concentrations in Columbia River, USA in a fixed period (from January, 2014 to January, 2020) related to some water factors. Some interesting conclusions were obtained in this study as the identification of dissolved oxygen (in mg/L), pH, specific conductivity (in umhos/cm), and temperature (in °C) as potential factors affecting the ammonia nitrogen concentrations in Columbia River which may alert authorities to keep restrictive strategies to control the advance of this kind of water pollution. The results of this study could be extended to other regions of the world, especially in more impoverished countries usually with precarious water pollution control systems with implications for public health.