bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybride Bahnbrücke Bögl – wenn Innovation in Serie geht
Authors: Berndorfer Claus 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDer Bundesverkehrswegeplan (Schiene) 2030 präferiert in starkem Maße den Ausbau von Eisenbahninfrastruktur vor dem Neubau. Damit vollzieht sich eine deutliche Abkehr von der bisherigen Position, die dem Neubau einen deutlichen Vorrang gab. Dieser Neupositionierung in der Verkehrspolitik muss auch die Bauwirtschaft Rechnung tragen, indem mit der Weiterentwicklung der Baukonzepte und Bauverfahren dieser Herausforderung – Ausbau vor Neubau – und damit verstärkt auch dem Bauen unter Beibehaltung einer hohen Verfügbarkeit der Infrastruktur entsprochen werden kann. Daneben hat die Deutsche Bahn das bisher größte Instandsetzungsprogramm ihrer Geschichte aufgelegt und beabsichtigt, in den nächsten zehn Jahren bis zu 600 Brückenbauwerke jährlich auszutauschen. Größere Beeinträchtigungen des laufenden Bahnbetriebs sollen dabei möglichst vermieden werden. Der Austausch der Bauwerke findet somit überwiegend „unter rollendem Rad” statt. Streckensperrungen sind in der Regel nur innerhalb langfristig festgelegter Wochenendsperrpausen möglich. Zur Unterstützung der Umsetzung dieser Programme bietet die Firmengruppe Max Bögl der Deutschen Bahn mit der „Hybriden Bahnbrücke Bögl“ ein innovatives Baukastensystem an, bei dem die Vorteile der seriellen Fertigung in puncto Bauzeit, Qualität und Wirtschaftlichkeit voll ausgeschöpft werden (vgl. Bild 1).
KI‐gestützte Qualitätssicherung für die Fließfertigung von UHFB‐Stabelementen
Authors: Tritschel Franz Ferdinand , Markowski Jan , Penner Nikolai , Rolfes Raimund , Lohaus Ludger , Haist Michael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSchneller Präzisionsbau erfordert Modulbauweisen mit leichten, gut handhabbaren Bauelementen, die mit hohen Wiederholungsraten hergestellt werden können. Ein modularisiertes Stabwerk stellt eine solche Bauweise dar. Damit die Stabelemente kontinuierlich, schnell und wirtschaftlich hergestellt werden können, braucht es gegenüber dem klassischen Stahlbetonbau neue Fertigungs‐ und Konstruktionskonzepte, bei denen die Konstruktion hocheffizient ausgelegt sein muss (form follows force). Darüber hinaus muss die Konstruktion konsequent die Anforderungen aus einer schnellen Serienfertigung erfüllen. Für solche neuen Fertigungsprozesse bieten sich Qualitätssicherungskontrollen mit Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) an, die ihre Daten aus einer Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Sensoren und Sensorarten gewinnen. Eine solche KI‐gestützte Produktion wird durch ein Künstliches Neuronales Netz (KNN) umgesetzt, das gegenüber konventionellen Ansätzen die Möglichkeit bietet, nichtlineare Zusammenhänge von heterogenen Daten abbilden zu können. In diesem Beitrag wird die KNN‐basierte Form der Qualitätssicherung (QS) an fließgefertigten Stabelementen exemplarisch für die Beurteilung von Betonoberfläche und Geometrie beschrieben, die einen ersten Schritt in eine Prozessregelung darstellen kann. Erste Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass damit sehr effizient auch kleine Fehlstellen eindeutig erkannt und lokalisiert werden können.
Extrem kurze Bauzeiten dank vorgefertigter Deckenelemente mit integrierten Haustechnikkomponenten
Authors: Friedrich Thomas 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDie Optimierung von Hochbaudecken bietet ausreichend Potenzial für eine schnelle Bauweise. Bereits die Entwicklung der Stahlbetondecken anhand der verschiedenen statischen Systeme zeigt, wie die Aufwendungen für Lohn und Material reduziert werden können. Erst der in jüngster Vergangenheit erfolgte Wechsel vom Vollquerschnitt zum Sandwichquerschnitt eröffnete neue Optionen und ermöglichte multifunktionale Deckenkonstruktionen, nachdem auch die Komponenten der Haustechnik in den tragenden Querschnitt integriert wurden. Allerdings kann eine solche Platte nur als vorgefertigtes Element im Werk hergestellt werden. Der damit verbundene Einsatz von vorgespannter Bewehrung im Spannbett erlaubt weitere Einsparungen. Erst diese Entwicklung führt zu Reduktionen an Lohn, Material und Bauzeit. Die bei konsequenter Umsetzung dieser Technik erzielbaren Vorteile wurden beispielhaft an einem aktuellen Großbauvorhaben in der Stadt München umgesetzt. Für insgesamt fünf einzelne Bürogebäude wurden die Geschossdecken von gesamt ca. 47.000 m2 in dem Zeitraum von 39 Wochen hergestellt. Pro Woche wurden ca. 1200 m2 und ca. 93 vorgefertigte Deckenelemente geliefert und eingebaut. In den vorgefertigten Platten wurden die Komponenten der Haustechnik bereits werkseitig integriert. Auf der Baustelle müssen lediglich die Leitungen gekoppelt werden. Zur Beschleunigung des Bauablaufs trägt auch die Verwendung einer vorgefertigten Rollbewehrung für die obere Lage bei. Nur mit einer abgestimmten Planung kann dieser Bauprozess erfolgreich umgesetzt werden.
GWAS for genetics of complex quantitative traits: Genome to pangenome and SNPs to SVs and k‐mers
Authors: Gupta Pushpendra K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe development of improved methods for genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) for genetics of quantitative traits has been an active area of research during the last 25 years. This activity initially started with the use of mixed linear model (MLM), which was variously modified. During the last decade, however, with the availability of high throughput next generation sequencing (NGS) technology, development and use of pangenomes and novel markers including structural variations (SVs) and k‐mers for GWAS has taken over as a new thrust area of research. Pangenomes and SVs are now available in humans, livestock, and a number of plant species, so that these resources along with k‐mers are being used in GWAS for exploring additional genetic variation that was hitherto not available for analysis. These developments have resulted in significant improvement in GWAS methodology for detection of marker‐trait associations (MTAs) that are relevant to human healthcare and crop improvement.
Homonymous visual field defect and retinal thinning after occipital stroke
Authors: Rashid Avan Sabir , Rashid Darian , Yang Ge , Link Hans , Gauffin Helena , Huang‐Link Yumin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionStroke is the most common cause of homonymous visual field defects (VFD). About half of the stroke patients recover from VFD. However, relationship between VFD and retinal changes remains elusive.PurposeTo investigate the association between occurrence of VFD, changes of macular ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) and its axon retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) detected with optical coherence tomography (OCT).Patients and methodsThe study consists of retrospective review of medical records and follow‐up examinations. Patients with acute occipital stroke were registered. VFD was identified with confrontation and/or perimetry tests at the onset. At follow‐up, the patients were examined with visual field tests and OCT measurements.ResultsThirty‐six patients met the inclusion criteria. At onset, 26 patients (72%) had VFD. At follow‐up >1 year after stroke, 13 patients (36%) had remaining VFD: 5 had homonymous hemianopia, 5 had homonymous quadrantanopia, and 3 had homonymous scotomas. Average thickness of GCIPL and RNFL were significantly reduced in each eye in patients with VFD compared to non‐VFD (NVFD) (p < .01 for all comparisons). Thickness of superior and inferior RNFL quadrants was significantly reduced in VFD compared to NVFD (p < .01 for both). Among these 13 patients, 4 had characteristic homonymous quadrant‐GCIPL thinning, 2 had characteristic homonymous hemi‐GCIPL thinning, and 7 had diffuse GCIPL thinning.ConclusionGCIPL and RNFL thinning were observed in the patients with VFD. GCIPL thinning appears in two forms: atypical diffuse thinning, or homonymous hemi‐GCIPL thinning. Examining GCIPL and RNFL provides easy and reliable objective measures and is therefore proposed to be of predictive value on visual function.
Surface Oxidized Ag Nanofilms Towards Highly Effective CO2 Reduction
Authors: Xie Zhongyuan , Qiu Yuan , Gao Sanshuang , Sun Jiaqiang , Cao Huanqi , Zhang Shusheng , Luo Jun , Liu Xijun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe electrocatalytic CO2 reduction (converting redundant CO2 into carbon‐neutral fuels) holds a great potential to battle the energy and environmental crisis. The Ag‐based materials stand out from the pool of catalysts because of its high Faradic efficiencies for CO formation. In this work, thin Ag polycrystalline film was synthesized on carbon papers by a simple vacuum evaporation method. After 15 minutes of O3 treatment under ambient temperature, the Ag electrocatalysts can produce CO with a Faradic efficiency of up to 93.3 % at −0.9 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (vs. RHE), which is higher than that of pristine Ag. In addition, the Ag electrode retained ∼90 % catalytic selectivity for CO after a 10‐hour test. The characterizations show that the surface AgxO layer on Ag was reduced to Ag0, which not only reduces the activation energy barrier of the initial electron transfer but also provides an increased number of active sites for the reduction of CO2 to CO.
Digital active gate drive of SiC MOSFETs for controlling switching behavior—Preparation toward universal digitization of power switching
Authors: Takayama Hajime , Okuda Takafumi , Hikihara Takashi 
Published: September 2021

SummaryIn this paper, a digital active gate driver for SiC power MOSFETs is proposed. High‐frequency switching with SiC power MOSFETs can realize an integrated power circuit with higher power density. However, the large surge voltage and ringing caused by the fast switching will lose the reliability of the device and increase electromagnetic interference (EMI) problems. To achieve high‐frequency switching without these drawbacks, an active gate driver based on the architecture of a digital‐to‐analog converter has been designed. The gate‐source voltage waveform of the MOSFET is generated directly and flexibly by a multibit gate signal sequence, considering the device characteristics and a variety of circuit conditions. Effective gate signal sequences are investigated by focusing on the switching trajectory on the state space of the device, which is discretely controlled through successive transitions between operating points. Experimental and simulated results confirm that the proposed gate driver effectively suppresses and regulates the surge voltage and ringing during turn‐off.
Characteristics of the natural flow regime paradigm explain occurrence of imperiled Great Plains fishes
Authors: Nguyen Erin , Perkin Joshuah S. , Smith Ryan , Mayes Kevin B. , Trungale Joe 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe natural flow regime (NFR) paradigm posits that naturally occurring temporal fluctuations in streamflow are necessary for maintaining natural ecological communities. Conservation actions guided by the paradigm have contributed to stream organism conservation on a global scale, yet NFR applications in highly altered Great Plains streams are lacking. We analyzed historical (1980–2017) fish occurrence and flow data from sixteen gage locations across three Great Plains river basins with the goal of relating flow indices calculated for one year prior to each fish collection with the occurrence of fishes belonging to the highly imperiled pelagic‐broadcast spawning (PBS) reproductive guild. We fit random forest models using flow indices, gage identification, and watershed area as predictor variables and PBS fish occurrence as the response variable for all suspected or confirmed PBS fishes in each basin. Results revealed that flow indices from all NFR characteristics were useful for predicting PBS fish occurrence, but the identity of the most important flow indices varied by species and river basin. We also found that gage location was an important predictor variable, indicating flow–ecology relationships are spatially contingent and suggesting the influence of other factors that vary spatially (e.g., river fragmentation and water quality). Partial dependence plots identified thresholds in flow indices such as the timing of maximum flows and fall rate that may be associated with the presence or absence of PBS fishes, and these plots can be used to identify flow index target values to benefit conservation efforts. Time series predictions for likelihood of occurrence at a single gage in the Brazos River basin revealed a positive correlation between likelihood of occurrence and non‐drought years for three of four species present, supporting recent findings that drought suppresses PBS fish populations. This study provides insight into the flow requirements of some of the most imperiled stream fishes in North America and contributes to environmental flow science on a global scale by establishing a robust methodology for delineating flow–ecology relationships.
Experimental confirmation of effects of leaf litter type and light on tadpole performance for two priority amphibians
Authors: Burrow Angela K. , Maerz John C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIsolated wetlands embedded within longleaf pine savannas support a high proportion of regional biodiversity including many amphibian species. Today, remnant isolated wetlands are often overgrown and hydrologically altered due to fire exclusion or incompatible, cool season fire regimes. In the absence of warm season fires when wetlands are dry, shrubs and trees succeed herbaceous plants, which alters wetland productivity via effects on light and detritus quality. We used a factorial aquatic mesocosm study to test the effects of altered detritus and shade on the growth, development, and survival of tadpoles of two priority amphibian species: gopher frogs (Rana capito) and ornate chorus frogs (Pseudacris ornata). Gopher frog survival was higher among maidencane, sedge, and pine treatments compared to oak and sweetgum treatments. While gopher frog larval periods were lowest in the sedge treatment, there was a nominal general effect of litter type on gopher frog larval periods, growth rates, and mass at metamorphosis. Shading had a nominal and inconsistent effect on gopher frog growth rates, but did extend larval periods in all litter treatments, decreased survival in all litter treatments except oak, and decreased mass at metamorphosis in all litter treatments except pine and sweetgum. Ornate chorus frog survival was minimally affected by shading and litter treatments, but growth rates and mass at metamorphosis were highest in maidencane and sedge treatments, and larval periods were extended with shading in all litter treatments. Shading also decreased growth rates in maidencane and sedge litters and decreased mass at metamorphosis in pine and sweetgum litters. Our results demonstrate that succession of isolated wetlands can reduce tadpole performance for two priority species both through changes in leaf litter and shading, though the effect on survival, larval growth, larval period, and size at metamorphosis can differ between species. These results support management recommendations to restore and maintain open canopy, grassy conditions in isolated wetlands for conservation of priority amphibian species.
Interfacial solar evaporation driven lead removal from a contaminated soil
Authors: Wu Pan , Wu Xuan , Xu Haolan , Owens Gary 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInterfacial solar steam generation is a green and sustainable technology which has been intensively studied in the fields of seawater desalination and wastewater purification for clean water production. Here, this technology is further developed for soil remediation. A new photothermal evaporator is designed to accelerate the extraction of lead (Pb) from soil solution, thereby successfully rapidly remediating a Pb contaminated soil. Within 2 weeks, this solar‐driven evaporative remediation (SDER) simultaneously decreases the bioavailable Pb fraction by 38.4% (from 359 to 221 mg kg−1) with no excessive nutrient loss nor secondary pollution. Post remediation plant assay indicates that the treated soil is significantly less phytotoxic, with shoot/root Pb contents decreasing by 50%. Since SDER involves no external energy input; other than solar irradiation; ongoing operating costs are low leading to significant potential for sustainable practical applications. Overall, this study demonstrates for the first time that interfacial solar evaporation can be successfully applied to soil remediation.image
Anthropogenic sediment traps and network dislocation in a lowland UK river
Authors: Foster Ian D. L. , Boardman John , Evans Jennine L. , Copeland‐Phillips Ruth , Vadher Atish N. , Wright Seeseana , Collins Adrian L. , Manning Christopher 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFarm ponds, reservoirs and in‐stream weirs exist in most lowland UK river catchments and often dominate natural features such as lakes, wetlands, floodplains and debris dams. Artificial structures have served multiple purposes, including provision of power for historic flour milling and iron ore crushing and provision of water for medieval fishponds, canals, crop irrigation and potable supply. Although unintentional, they can significantly affect longitudinal connectivity, including sediment delivery pathways, through river catchments.We report results from three spatially nested case studies that were undertaken in the Rother catchment, ranging in scale from small farm ponds of a few square metres in area, to larger in‐stream weirs and reservoirs (locally called ponds). Reservoirs typically trap sediment, decreasing sediment availability downstream, while inducing valley sediment accumulation upstream. We focus on the quantity and particle size characteristics of sediment trapped behind these structures compared to catchment soils and to sediments that are transported through, and deposited in, ‘natural’ gravel‐bed reaches.At all scales our results demonstrate that sediment trapping and release are particle size specific. Fine to coarse sands (125 μm to 2 mm diameter) and coarser sediments are retained behind structures at all scales, while silts and clays (<63 μm diameter) and organic matter are generally depleted in the stored sediment. Even though 75% of the surveyed reservoirs have very low estimated trap efficiencies (<5%), they slowly fill over time with sediment.An important management question relates to the likely benefits of impoundment, structure or sediment removal, and whether fine (here defined as <63 μm) or coarser (>63 μm) sediment is a priority for management.
CO2 separation of a novel Ultem‐based mixed matrix membrane incorporated with Ni2+‐exchanged zeolite X
Authors: Nematolahi Kimiya , Salehi Ehsan , Ebadi Amooghin Abtin , Sanaeepur Hamidreza 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this study, polyetherimide (Ultem) was chosen as a polymeric matrix, and micron‐sized Ni2+‐exchanged nano‐porous NaX zeolite was selected as an inorganic filler to fabricate novel mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) for CO2 separation. Fabricated membranes were evaluated by Differential scanning calorimeter, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X‐ray. The influences of filler loading (0–5 wt.%) and feed pressure (2–10 bar) on gas separation properties were surveyed. CO2/N2 ideal selectivity of 3 wt.% NiX loaded MMM (optimum MMM) was increased to 34 (about 36%) compared to 25 for the pristine membrane. Furthermore, CO2 permeability was improved by about 45%, from 1.3 Barrer for the pure membrane to 1.88 Barrer for MMM containing 3 wt.% functionalized filler. These improvements originate from a combination of the inherent surface diffusion mechanism of zeolite X and reversible reaction between free orbitals of transition metal ions (Ni2+) and electron pairs of CO2 molecules. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pooled analysis of nivolumab treatment in patients with recurrent/metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in the United States and Germany
Authors: Singh Prianka , McDonald Laura , Waldenberger Daniela , Welslau Manfred , von der Heyde Eyck , Gauler Thomas , Dietz Andreas 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn the Phase‐III clinical trial, CheckMate 141, nivolumab significantly improved survival versus standard of care in patients with platinum‐refractory recurrent/metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (R/M SCCHN).MethodsThis pooled analysis investigated the real‐world effectiveness of nivolumab, following prior platinum‐based therapy, in patients with R/M SCCHN from the United States (US) Flatiron Health database and German HANNA prospective observational study.ResultsOverall, 782 patients (56% US; 44% Germany) were included. Median overall survival (OS) was 8.71 months, and progression‐free survival was 4.11 months. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status 0 or 1, platinum sensitivity, and older age were associated with longer OS, in which number of prior lines of therapy had no significant effect.ConclusionThese findings demonstrate survival benefits of nivolumab in patients with R/M SCCHN in the real‐world setting. The observed real‐world effectiveness of nivolumab aligns with the efficacy of nivolumab in CheckMate 141.
Comparison of first‐line treatments of peripheral T‐cell lymphoma according to regimen: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kim Jinchul , Cho Jinhyun , Byeon Seonggyu , Kim Won Seog , Kim Seok Jin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPeripheral T‐cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are known to have an aggressive clinical course and grave prognosis. Several recommended first‐line treatment regimens are available, but identification of the superior treatment remain elusive. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to determine which study‐level factors and group of regimens affect survival outcomes. The MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched from inception to January 2021, and phase II or III clinical studies evaluating the efficacy of chemotherapy regimens were included. Random effects models were used to estimate 3‐year overall survival rate, complete remission rate, and subgroup differences. Meta‐regressions were carried out with adjustments for relevant covariates. Overall, 34 cohorts from 28 studies comprising 1424 PTCL patients were included in the pooled analysis. Chemotherapy regimens were divided into four groups: cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone (CHOP), CHOP plus etoposide, gemcitabine‐based, and others. The pooled 3‐year overall survival rate was 0.49 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.43–0.54) for CHOP, 0.61 (95% CI 0.52–0.70) for CHOP plus etoposide, 0.39 (95% CI 0.30–0.47) for gemcitabine‐based, and 0.61 (95% CI 0.44–0.78) for others. CHOP plus etoposide was significantly better than CHOP, with the latter used as a reference (coefficient of 0.11; p = 0.035), with adjustment for the proportion of International Prognostic Index score 4‐5 in meta‐regression analysis. Although grossly divided groups were pooled and analyzed, among four regimen groups for frontline PTCL treatment CHOP plus etoposide showed better survival than CHOP.