bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design Optimization of Conformal Cooling Channels For Injection Molds: 2D Transient Heat Transfer Analysis
Authors: Silva Hugo Miguel , Noversa Tiago , Fernandes Leandro , Rodrigues Hugo , Pontes António 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

The fabrication of Conformal Cooling Channels (CCC's) has become easier and more affordable with recent developments in additive manufacturing. The use of CCC's allows for better cooling performance than the conventional (straight drilled) channels, in injection molding. The main reason for this is that the CCC's are able to follow the trajectories of the molded geometry, while the conventional channels made by conventional machining techniques are not able to do so. Some of the parameters that can be significantly improved by using CCC are cooling time, total injection time, uniform temperature distribution, thermal stress and distortion thickness. This article focuses the design optimization of an injection mold, with the aim of optimizing the placement of cooling channels for the minimization of the ejection time and maximization of the uniformity of temperature distribution. In this work, an optimization methodology was developed, with the aim of optimizing the placement of cooling channels in the design stage of the mold, for obtaining pre-optimized molds from a geometric standpoint. It can be concluded that the developed methodology is efficient and useful for the aims of the work.
Rational pharmacotherapy in modern gastroenterology
Authors: Minushkin O. N. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract Introduction. Modern gastroenterology is characterized by the combined (comorbid) nature of the diseases. In treatment, this promotes polypharmacy and increases complications (drug lesions, allergic reactions, exacerbation of diseases of other organs and systems), and, importantly, increases the cost of pharmacotherapy.Aim. To compare two pharmacotherapy options for patients with gallstone disease at the stage of biliary sludge and patients with biliary sludge combined with irritable bowel syndrome.Materials and methods. In the work, based on the experience of treating 170 patients, two options for pharmacotherapy are considered, which may well turn out to be rational in all respects. Option 1 - monotherapy aimed at one of the components that form a complex pathogenetic symptom complex. The basis for offering this treatment option is the biological concept of the “regulatory cascade”. Option 2 – “stepwise” (stepwise) therapy with the choice of the “base” drug for the first step. Evaluation of the effectiveness and rational correction for the second step of treatment and subsequent ones – if necessary. Results. The biliary sludge was eliminated or reduced in patients who received the UDCA monotherapy against the background of recovery of gastrointestinal motility. The overall treatment effect (for each nosology) in patients with biliary sludge and irritable bowel syndrome using the complex therapy (UDCA and mebeverin) was 84 and 87.8% respectively.Conclusions. Both options are rational today: 1st requires further study; 2nd – active use. Both options exclude polypharmacy and other adverse effects.
Effectiveness of treatment of moderate ulcerative colitis with prolonged mesalazine in real clinical practice
Authors: Knyazev O. V. , Kagramanova A. V. , Lishchinskaya A. A. 
Published: October 2021

Introduction.Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of the severe therapeutic diseases. High doses of oral granular mesalazine are required to maintain clinical and endoscopic remission of UC, which may be sufficient and supposedly more acceptable for patients, as some studies showed that adherence to topical therapy is significantly lower than to oral 5-ASA drugs.Objective of the study. To evaluate the efficacy of therapy of patients with moderate left-sided ulcerative colitis (UC) and pancolitis receiving prolonged-release ethylcellulose-coated mesalazine.Materials and methods. The evaluation of the outcomes of treatment of UC patients who received prolonged-release mesalazine was carried out. We examined 87 patients with UC who received granular ethylcellulose-coated mesalazine, of those 38 (43.7%) men and 49 (56.3%) women. The average age of the enrolled patients was 38.3 ± 12.6 years.Results and discussion. After 2 weeks from the beginning of therapy with prolonged-release mesalazine, the majority of patients – 71 (81.6%) responded to the therapy. After 12 weeks, 71 (81.6%) of 87 UC patients, who responded to therapy with prolongedrelease mesalazine, remained in clinical remission. On average, the Mayo score in the group decreased from 7.6 ± 0.99 to 2.6 ± 0.25 points. There was a significant decrease in CRP, ESR, leukocytosis, and fecal calprotectin. After 26 weeks, Mayo score in the group of patients remained on average at the level of 2.2–2.3 points. The number of UC patients with colon mucosal healing was 32 (36.8%) patients. A year after the start of therapy with prolonged-release mesalazine, 69 (79.3%) UC patients who responded to therapy had a clinical remission, of those 32 (36.8%) patients had a clinical and endoscopic remission. During the year of observation, no case of surgical intervention or re-hospitalization due to exacerbation of the disease was recorded in patients with UC who achieved remission.Conclusions.Treatment of moderate active UC should begin with oral mesalazine ≥ 3 g per day in combination with topical mesalazine. The prolonged-release mesalazines are the most preferred
Gastritis and dyspepsia: 2 names of one problem? Relations between predominant symptom and syndromal characteristics of upper GI disorders: results of a survey of physicians
Authors: Bakulina N. V. , Oganesova I. A. , Topalova Yu. G. , Bakulin I. G. 
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Chronic gastritis is one of the most common problems in gastroenterology and general medical practice. In this study, we tried to analyze the actions of therapists in relation to patients with symptoms of dyspepsia, to assess how different symptom complex affects the choice of therapy and the diagnostics.Aim. Identifying the process of a preliminary diagnosis by symptoms, determining the ability of physicians to differentiate clinical syndromes, and determining the approaches to empirical therapy at first visit and following the “test and treat” strategy aimed at identifying the H. pylori infection.Materials and methods. The study was conducted using the CAWI (Computer-assisted Web Interview) method. Each physician who agreed to participate in the study received a link to take the survey and independently entered the answers to the questions formulated by the researcher. The descriptions of three profiles of adult patients with suspected gastritis diagnosis who applied for the first time were suggested: 1) a patient with a pain syndrome and dyspepsia symptoms; 2) a patient with dyspepsia symptoms; 3) a patient with a pain syndrome.Results. The study involved 205 physicians from 33 cities of Russia. The most commonly assumed diagnosis was gastritis: 50% of responders suggested it for patient 1, 51% – for patient 2, and 40% – for patient 3. Despite the unambiguous description of the delayed motility symptoms in patients 1 and 2, the most commonly assumed diagnoses did not reflect the presence of a problem. At the same time, physicians did not conduct diagnostic tests for H. pylori infection in case of patients 1 and 3 with obvious symptoms of gastritis. In case of infection, physicians suggest prescribing eradication drugs to each patient, and the most popular pharmacological group suggested were PPIs (91%). However, every tenth physician suggested eradication without PPIs.Conclusion. The results of the survey indicate a lack of awareness among therapists about the symptoms of delayed motility. This leads to the symptomatic pharmacotherapy, which does not provide the rupture of pathogenetic mechanisms
Modern approaches to pharmacotherapy of chronic gastritis
Authors: Skvortsov V. V. , Zaklyakova L. V. , Levitan B. N. , Bolgova M. Yu. , Zaklyakov I. K. , Golieva E. A. 
Published: October 2021

The definition of gastritis is based on the histological features of the gastric mucosa. This is not the erythema observed during gastroscopy, and there are no specific clinical manifestations or symptoms that determine it. The modern classification of gastritis is based on time (acute and chronic), histological features, anatomical distribution and the main pathological mechanisms. Acute gastritis will develop into chronic if left untreated. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the most common cause of gastritis worldwide. However, from 60 to 70% H. pylori-negative subjects with functional dyspepsia or non-erosive gastroesophageal reflux were also found to have gastritis. H. pylori-negative gastritis is considered when a person meets all four of these criteria: negative triple staining of biopsies of the gastric mucosa, no history of treatment of H. pylori. In these patients, the cause of gastritis may be associated with tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption and / or the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or steroids. Other causes of gastritis include autoimmune gastritis associated with antibodies of serum anti-parietal and anti-internal factor; organisms other than H. pylori, such as Mycobacterium avium intracellulare, Herpes simplex and Cytomegalovirus; gastritis caused by acid reflux; Rare causes of gastritis include collagen gastritis, sarcoidosis, eosinophilic gastritis and lymphocytic gastritis. The clinical picture, laboratory studies, gastroscopy, as well as histological and microbiological examination of tissue biopsies are important for the diagnosis of gastritis and its causes. Treatment of gastritis caused by H. pylori leads to the rapid disappearance of polymorphic-nuclear infiltration and a decrease in chronic inflammatory infiltrate with gradual normalization of the mucous membrane. Other types of gastritis should be treated based on their etiology.
Study on bioretention for stormwater management in cold climate, part II: water quality
Authors: Kratky Hannah , Li Zhan , Yu Tong , Li Xiangfei , Jia Haifeng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Typical continental, cold climate conditions were applied to four large, laboratory columns to simulate temperatures ranging from −20 to +20 °C over summer, winter, and spring runoff. The goal of this research was to assess the seasonal effectiveness of bioretention application in cold climate regions that are currently experiencing the impacts of climate change. 1.6 years’ worth of equivalent Edmonton precipitation volume was applied over a 10-month period to evaluate the water quality improvement through two soil types (i.e., loam and sandy loam) with and without amendments intended to enhance nutrient removal. During summer, excellent removal of total suspended solids (TSS), phosphate, and ammonium (i.e., ≥90% average concentration reduction) was observed in both the loam and sandy loam columns without the nutrient removal amendments. The columns containing the amendments also reduced TSS, ammonium, and phosphate, but not as effective as the non-amended columns for TSS and ammonium. During winter and spring runoff, if infiltration occurs, physical removal of TSS, phosphate, and ammonium was still achieved, only days after the complete freezing (and subsequent thawing) of bioretention media at −20 °C. After an initial maturation and leaching period, nitrate was well removed (≥65.2% average concentration reduction) via denitrification in the columns with the nutrient removal amendments and submerged zone.
Exploring uncertainty in thermodynamic modeling of the lead carbonate aqueous system
Authors: Kushnir C. , Robinson C. E. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Thermodynamic models of the lead carbonate aqueous system have been used in prior studies to evaluate the effect of water chemistry on lead solubility and corrosion scale composition in water distribution systems. A common challenge in these studies is uncertainty arising from the thermodynamic equilibrium constants (logK values) used to parameterize the models. The objective of this study is to evaluate the way in which uncertainty in logK values propagates through thermodynamic models of the lead carbonate system and provide guidance for future modeling efforts. This was done by conducting a full factorial statistical analysis implemented using a custom Python (v3) code coupled with a PHREEQC (v1.4.2) geochemical model, along with batch lead solubility experiments. Two lead carbonate solid phases (cerussite and hydrocerussite) and nine aqueous lead complexes are considered in the geochemical model with conditions simulated ranging from pH 4 to 11 and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) ranging from 0 to 250 mg C/L. Main effect analysis indicates that model uncertainty is predominately associated with logK values for five species (in order of decreasing effect): hydrocerussite, , cerussite, PbOH+, and PbCO3o, with model uncertainty varying depending on the specific pH and DIC conditions simulated. Interaction effects show that logK values cannot be selected independently, as their influence on lead solubility is connected. Finally, by considering uncertainty in logK values it was possible for the thermodynamic model to match batch hydrocerussite solubility experimental data over a range of pH and DIC conditions. Six combinations of logK values that provided a good match between the simulated and experimental data were determined with the average difference between the simulated and experimental lead concentrations calculated to be 0.031 mg/L when the recommended logK value combination was used.
Screening and optimization of indole-3-acetic acid production by bacterial strain isolated from rice rhizosphere and its effects on plant growth
Authors: Mukherjee Biyas , Roy Sanchali , Dhara Ankita , Dutta Sikha 
Published: October 2021

The present study deals with the isolation of plant growth-promoting bacterial strains from rhizospheric soil collected from a rice field of Purba Bardhaman District, West Bengal, India. Among the isolated five strains, A5 was the best-performing strain as it had, plant growth promoting traits like, production of indole‑3‑acetic acid (IAA), siderophore, hydrogen cyanide and exopolysaccharides, ammonia, phosphate solubilization, nitrogen fixation etc. Strain A5, identified as Bacillus xiamensis by phenotypic characters and 16S rDNA sequence-based homology, was able to produce a copious amount of IAA, particularly in the case of 42‑h culture with 1.5% L‑tryptophan as a precursor. Media optimization with different carbon and nitrogen sources was conducted for maximum production of IAA. Strain A5 used fructose and casamino acid most efficiently as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. Growth parameters were increased in A5‑treated seedlings of mung bean compared to control seedlings. Considering the observed traits, strain A5 can definitely be considered as a novel plant growth-promoting bacterial strain that may serve very well as a biofertilizer in agricultural fields.
La experiencia de los cuidadores familiares de personas con cáncer. Estudio fenomenológico
Authors: Duque-Ortiz Camilo , Giraldo-Toro Yenny Andrea 
Published: October 2021

Objetivo: Comprender la experiencia vivida de los cuidadores familiares de personas que padecen enfermedades oncológicas. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de enfoque cualitativo, basado en la fenomenología interpretativa. Se desarrolló en Medellín, Colombia entre julio de 2018 y junio de 2019. La recolección de información se realizó a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas a diez cuidadores familiares de personas con enfermedades oncológicas. El total de los participantes estuvo determinado por la saturación teórica de los temas emergentes. Resultados: La experiencia que vive el cuidador familiar de una persona que padece cáncer, se representa a través de tres temas emergentes: enfrentarse a un nuevo camino, en el que hay situaciones derivadas de la enfermedad que imponen unas cargas y demandan un sobre-esfuerzo al cuidador. Organizarse para cuidar, el cual se refiere a la manera como se organizan a través del establecimiento de roles, rutinas y redes de apoyo, para hacer frente al cuidado del ser querido. Transformaciones para la vida, que se refiera a la manera como la vida cambia a partir de la experiencia de cuidado. Conclusiones: La experiencia que viven los cuidadores familiares de personas con cáncer se representa como una vida de entrega hacía su pariente enfermo, en la que el nuevo camino al que se enfrentan, la organización de su vida para cuidar y las transformaciones que experimentan se dan en torno a la enfermedad y al cuidado que demanda la persona con cáncer
Palabras clave: Cuidadores, emociones, adaptación psicológica, costo de enfermedad.
Oppressions in Popular Culture’s SpongeBob SquarePants Episode of “Drive Thru”
Authors: Suwandi Kenny Christian , Dukut Ekawati Marhaenny , Riyandari Angelika 
Published: October 2021

Abstract: This article is a development of the research done for an undergraduate study, which has the objectives to find the oppressions exercised by Mr. Krabs in USA’s “Drive Thru” episode of SpongeBob SquarePants cartoon TV series. Using Karl Marx’s theory in the study, it is revealed that the episode represents the oppressions by the Bourgeoisie capitalist towards the Proletariat. The data were discussed by using descriptive explanation and were analyzed and interpreted with the finding that the Bourgeoisie treated Proletariat rudely when it comes about money. As a development of the study, this article adds into the discussion on the explanation of Mr. Krabs actions based on the concept of Popular Culture’s strategies of making profit at the expense of the Proletariat.Key words: popular culture, cartoon, oppression, Marxism, profit makingAbstrak: Artikel ini merupakan pengembangan dari penelitian yang dilakukan sebagai bagian dari studi S1, yang bertujuan untuk untuk menemukan penindasan yang dilakukan oleh Tuan. Krabs pada episode “Drive Thru” dari serial kartun televisi SpongeBob SquarePants. Menggunakan teori Karl Marx terungkap bahwa episode tersebut merepresentasikan penindasan kaum kapitalis Borjuis terhadap kaum Proletar. Data yang ada dibahas dengan menggunakan penjelasan deskriptif dan dianalisa serta ditafsirkan dengan temuan bahwa kaum borjuis memperlakukan kaum proletar secara kasar dalam hal uang. Sebagai kelanjutan dari studi tersebut, artikel ini menambahkan penjelasan tentang perbuatan yang dilakukan tuan Krabs berdasarkan konsep strategi budaya popular yang mencari keuntungan dengan mengorbankan kaum proletar.Kata kunci: karya sastra popular, kartun, penindasan, Marxism
NUEVO REGIONALISMO INTERNACIONAL: SUS EXPRESIONES EN LATINOAMÉRICA.
Authors: BUELVAS PARRA JOHN ARTURO 
Published: October 2021

Debido al progresivo crecimiento de la globalización y su influencia en muchos países que aprovechando sus ubicaciones geográficas para la comercialización de sus productos ha permitido por la proximidad de sus territorios al proceso de integración regional a través de acuerdos entre ellos con la finalidad de reducir barreras comerciales que limitan la libre circulación de bienes, servicios y factores de producción entre los países firmantes del acuerdo, para lo que optaron por medidas que como la reducción de los impedimentos arancelarios y no arancelarios logrando de esta manera un mejor aprovechamiento de los flujos comerciales entre los países que hacen parte de la integración regional. La integración en Latinoamérica no ha tenido la satisfacción esperada a causa de las discordias, que en algunos casos ha provocado el rompimiento de relaciones entre los países participantes, dado que el país más fuerte busca imponer su política económica. Son distintos los factores que pueden influir en el éxito en los procesos de integración entre los diversos países, como lo es la certeza de cierto grado de armonización de las políticas económicas y comerciales, las cuales deben incluir la monetaria y fiscal, a su vez las de circulación de factores productivos, sin desconocer que este tipo de acuerdos comerciales debe plantear hasta qué punto resulta conveniente para cada país integrante.
Quantification of renal T2 relaxation rate by use of blood oxygen level–dependent magnetic resonance imaging before and after furosemide administration in healthy Beagles
Authors: Lee Sang-Kwon , Lee Juryeong , Jang Seolyn , Lee Eunji , Jeon Chang-Yeop , Lim Kyung-Seob , Jin Yeung Bae , Choi Jihye 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To assess the feasibility of blood oxygen level–dependent (BOLD) MRI for measurement of the renal T2* relaxation rate (R2*; proxy for renal oxygenation) before and after furosemide administration and to evaluate the reliability and repeatability of those measurements in healthy dogs.

ANIMALS
8 healthy adult Beagles (4 males and 4 females).

PROCEDURES
Each dog was anesthetized and underwent BOLD MRI before (baseline) and 3 minutes after administration of furosemide (1 mg/kg, IV) twice, with a 1-week interval between scanning sessions. Mapping software was used to process MRI images and measure R2* and the difference in R2* (∆R2*) before and after furosemide administration. The intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated to assess measurement reliability, and the coefficient of variation and Bland-Altman method were used to assess measurement repeatability.

RESULTS
Mean ± SD baseline R2* in the renal medulla (24.5 ± 3.8 seconds−1) was significantly greater than that in the renal cortex (20.6 ± 2.7 seconds−1). Mean R2* in the renal cortex (18.6 ± 2.6 seconds−1) and medulla (17.8 ± 1.5 seconds−1) decreased significantly after furosemide administration. Mean ∆R2* in the medulla (6.7 ± 2.4 seconds−1) was significantly greater than that in the renal cortex (2.1 ± 0.7 seconds−1). All R2* and ∆R2* values had good or excellent reliability and repeatability, except the cortical ∆R2*, which had poor repeatability.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Results suggested that BOLD MRI, when performed before and after furosemide administration, was noninvasive and highly reliable and repeatable for dynamic evaluation of renal oxygenation in healthy dogs.
O Nascimento Do Conceito Husserliano De Fenômeno
Authors: de Moura Carlos Alberto Ribeiro 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Husserl places “around 1898” the introduction of the notion of ‘ phenomenon’ in his philosophy. If one of the tasks of the history of philosophy is to circumscribe the problems which originated the creation of a new concept in some doctrine, the purpose of this paper is to investigate what difficulties had roused the invention of the idea of ‘phenomenon” in the husserlian philosophy.
Traços Fenomenológicos No Pensamento Jurídico De Luís Cabral De Moncada
Authors: de Sousa Ana Paula Loureiro 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this paper I explain the impact of phenomenological philosophy in the conceptions of Luís Cabral de Mancada about law and juridical experience. Stressing that Moncada was the first scholar in Portugal who made an extensive use of phenomenological doctrines within his own field of research, I show that Husserl, Hartmann, and Scheler were the most influential thinkers for him. As a matter of fact, they had a positive impact on Moncada’s conceptions about Law, the axiological realm, the State, and jusnaturalism.