bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of cancer stem cell senescence: Current understanding and future perspectives
Authors: Zhang Da‐Yong , Monteiro Michael J. , Liu Jun‐Ping , Gu Wen‐Yi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small population of heterogeneous tumor cells with the capacity of self‐renewal and aberrant differentiation for immortality and divergent lineages of cancer cells. In contrast to bulky tumor cells, CSCs remain less differentiated and resistant to therapy even when targeted with tissue‐specific antigenic markers. This makes CSCs responsible for not only tumor initiation, development, but also tumor recurrence. Emerging evidence suggests that CSCs can undergo cell senescence, a non‐proliferative state of cells in response to stress. While cell senescence attenuates tumor cell proliferation, it is commonly regarded as a tumor suppressive mechanism. However, mounting research indicates that CSC senescence also provides these cells with the capacity to evade cytotoxic effects from cancer therapy, exacerbating cancer relapse and metastasis. Recent studies demonstrate that senescence drives reprogramming of cancer cell toward stemness and promotes CSC generation. In this review, we highlight the origin, heterogeneity and senescence regulatory mechanisms of CSCs, the complex relationship between CSC senescence and tumor therapy, and the recent beneficial effects of senotherapy on eliminating senescent tumor cells.
Seasonal and SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic changes in the incidence of gestational diabetes
Authors: Cauldwell M , van‐de‐L'Isle Y , Watt Coote I , Steer PJ 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that there is seasonal variation in the rates of gestational diabetes (GDM) diagnosed using a 2‐hour oral glucose tolerance test.DesignMonthly assessment of the percentage of women screened from 1 April 2016 to the 31 December 2020 who were diagnosed as having gestational diabetes.SettingLondon teaching hospital.Population28 128 women receiving antenatal care between 1 April 2016 and 31 December 2020.MethodsRetrospective study of prospectively collected data.Main outcome measuresProportion of women screened diagnosed as having gestational diabetes.ResultsThe mean (SD) percentage of women diagnosed with GDM was 14.78 (2.24) in summer (June, July, August) compared with 11.23 (1.62) in winter (P < 0.001), 12.13 (1.94) in spring (P = 0.002) and 11.88 (2.67) in autumn (P = 0.003). There was a highly significant positive correlation of the percentage testing positive for GDM with the mean maximum monthly temperature (R2 = 0.248, P < 0.001). There was a statistically significant 33.8% increase in the proportion of GDM diagnoses from June 2020 onwards, possibly related to a reduction in exercise secondary to the Covid‐19 pandemic.ConclusionsThere is a 23.3% higher rate of GDM diagnoses in the warmer summer months. There has been a 33.8% rise in GDM diagnoses associated with the Covid‐19 pandemic.Tweetable abstractRates of GDM are higher in summer and since the onset of the Covid‐19 pandemic.
A multiview model for relative and absolute microbial abundances
Authors: Williamson Brian D. , Hughes James P. , Willis Amy D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe absolute abundance of bacterial taxa in human host‐associated environments plays a critical role in reproductive and gastrointestinal health. However, obtaining the absolute abundance of many bacterial species is typically prohibitively expensive. In contrast, relative abundance data for many species are comparatively cheap and easy to collect (e.g., with universal primers for the 16S rRNA gene). In this paper, we propose a method to jointly model relative abundance data for many taxa and absolute abundance data for a subset of taxa. Our method provides point and interval estimates for the absolute abundance of all taxa. Crucially, our proposal accounts for differences in the efficiency of taxon detection in the relative and absolute abundance data. We show that modeling taxon‐specific efficiencies substantially reduces the estimation error for absolute abundance, and controls the coverage of interval estimators. We demonstrate the performance of our proposed method via a simulation study, a study of the effect of HIV acquisition on microbial abundances, and a sensitivity study where we jackknife the taxa with observed absolute abundances.
The pedagogy of multiliteracies as a code breaker: A suggestion for a transversal approach to computing education in basic education
Authors: Mertala Pekka 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhile computing has been (re)introduced into the basic education curricula in various countries, its actual implementation appears to be inconsistent. There are schools in which computing education is commonplace, while the implementation seems to be lagging behind in others. There is emerging evidence that some teachers do not consider computing education relevant, meaningful and important and, thus, intentionally neglect its provision. This is problematic as understanding the principles of code and computing is crucial for agentic citizenship in the post‐digital era. This paper argues that one main reason for these teachers' reluctance is the economy‐driven discursive framing of computing education, which is in contrast with the socialization‐oriented manner in which teachers approach their work. To contribute to resolving this issue, the present paper introduces a transversal approach to computing education. It conceptualizes code as a sociomaterial text with social and societal histories and consequences. Theoretically and conceptually, the approach draws on the pedagogy of multiliteracies. The leading idea is that digital technologies are examined with students from functional and critical dimensions and through micro and macro perspectives. The use of wearable sports technologies, such as activity wristbands, are used as practical examples to put the theoretical ideas into context.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

Computing has been (re)introduced in the curricula of basic education in various countries.
Some teachers are found to be reluctant to teach computing in basic education.
What this paper adds

This paper introduces a transversal multiliteracies‐based approach for computing education.
Implications for practice and policy

Computing should be included in curricula and classrooms in a holistic manner that includes both functional and critical approaches to computing.
Dithiocarbamate derivatives inhibit α‐glucosidase through an apparent allosteric site on the enzyme
Authors: Ghani Usman , Ashraf Sajda , Ul‐Haq Zaheer , Mujamammi Ahmed H. , Özkay Yusuf , Demirci Fatih , Kaplancikli Zafer Asim 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDithiocarbamate derivatives possess diverse biological activities. This work further expands their activity profile by identifying seven benzylamine‐containing dithiocarbamate derivatives with piperazine and piperidine substitutions at the main moiety, and five piperazine‐containing dithiocarbamates with various substitutions at the piperazine moiety as new inhibitors of α‐glucosidase. Compounds bearing the benzylamine moiety exhibited more potent inhibition of the enzyme than the piperazine derivatives. Majority of the compounds non‐competitively inhibited α‐glucosidase that led to the identification of a new allosteric site on the enzyme with the help of molecular dynamics and docking studies. These studies suggest that the compounds regulate inhibition of the enzyme by binding to an allosteric site that is located in the vicinity of the active site. This is the first report on the allosteric inhibition of α‐glucosidase by dithiocarbamate derivatives that provides insights into the mechanism of inhibition of the enzyme at molecular level. Moreover, it also explores new avenues for drug development of α‐glucosidase inhibitors as antidiabetic drugs.
Osseodensification effect on implants primary and secondary stability: Multicenter controlled clinical trial
Authors: Bergamo Edmara T. P. , Zahoui Abbas , Barrera Raúl Bravo , Huwais Salah , Coelho Paulo G. , Karateew Edward Dwayne , Bonfante Estevam A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundOsseodensification (OD) has shown to improve implant stability; however, the influences of implant design, dimensions, and surgical site characteristics are unknown.PurposeTo compare the insertion torque (IT) and temporal implant stability quotients (ISQ) of implants placed via OD or subtractive drilling (SD).Materials and MethodsThis multicenter controlled clinical trial enrolled 56 patients, whom were in need of at least 2 implants (n = 150 implants). Patients were treated with narrow, regular, or wide implants and short, regular, or long implants in the anterior or posterior region of the maxilla or in the posterior region of the mandible. Osteotomies were performed following manufacturers recommendation. IT was recorded with a torque indicator. ISQ was recorded with resonance frequency analysis immediately after surgery, 3 and 6 weeks.ResultsData complied as a function of osteotomy indicated significantly higher IT for OD relative to SD. OD outperformed conventional SD for all pairwise comparisons of arches (maxilla and mandible) and areas operated (anterior and posterior), diameters and lengths of the implants, except for short implants. Overall, ISQ data also demonstrated significantly higher values for OD compared to SD regardless of the healing period. Relative to immediate readings, ISQ values significantly decreased at 3 weeks, returning to immediate levels at 6 weeks; however, ISQ values strictly remained above 68 throughout healing time for OD. Data as a function of arch operated and osteotomy, area operated and osteotomy, implant dimensions and osteotomy, also exhibited higher ISQ values for OD relative to SD on pairwise comparisons, except for short implants.ConclusionsOD demonstrated higher IT and temporal ISQ values relative to SD, irrespective of arch and area operated as well as implant design and dimension, with an exception for short implants. Future studies should focus on biomechanical parameters and bone level change evaluation after loading.
Mammal and bird species ranges overlap with armed conflicts and associated conservation threats
Authors: Mendiratta Uttara , Osuri Anand M. , Shetty Sarthak J. , Harihar Abishek 
Published: May 2021

AbstractArmed conflicts are a pervasive global threat, but their implications for wildlife conservation remain unclear. Using a 30‐year spatial dataset of armed conflicts in conjunction with species range maps, we found that conflicts during 1989–2018 occurred within at least 4291 (78%) and 9056 (85%) terrestrial mammal and bird species ranges, respectively. For 4% overall and 5–7% of threatened species, conflicts within ranges have been both widespread (≥50% of range) and frequent (≥15 years). Further, an examination of International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List assessments revealed that ranges overlap with armed conflicts is associated with declining population trends of threatened species and distinct species threat portfolios in which hunting and habitat loss and degradation are more prominent. Our findings call for greater recognition and understanding of direct and indirect threats from armed conflicts in species conservation assessments and underscore the importance of addressing conflict resiliency in conservation plans for a wide suite of species.
Effect of high‐intensity training on bone health and body composition in lung transplant recipients: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ulvestad Mariann , Godang Kristin , Durheim Michael T. , Kongerud Johny S. , Brit Lund May , Bollerslev Jens , Edvardsen Elisabeth 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundLoss of bone mineral and skeletal muscle mass is common after lung transplantation (LTx), and physical activity (PA) may prevent further deterioration. We aimed to assess the effects of 20‐week high‐intensity training (HIT) on body composition, bone health, and PA in LTx recipients, 6–60 months after surgery.MethodsIn a randomized controlled trial, 51 LTx recipients underwent Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA), and PA level and sedentary time were objectively recorded by accelerometers for seven consecutive days. Of these, 39 participants completed the study, including 19 participants in the HIT group and 20 participants in the standard care group.ResultsFollowing the intervention, ANCOVA models revealed a nonsignificant between‐group difference for change in lean body mass (LBM) and bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine of 0.4% (95% CI = −3.2, 1.5) (p = .464) and 1.0% (95% CI=−1.3, 3.4) (p = .373), respectively. Trabecular bone score (TBS) of the lumbar spine (L1‐L4), however, increased by 2.2 ± 5.0% in the exercise group and decreased by −1.6 ± 5.9% in the control group, giving a between‐group difference of 3.8% (95% CI=0.1, 7.5) (p = .043). There were no between‐group differences in PA or sedentary time.ConclusionHigh‐intensity training after LTx improved TBS significantly, but not PA, LBM or BMD.
Targeting angiopoietin‐like 3 in atherosclerosis: From bench to bedside
Authors: Ling Ping , Zheng Xueying , Luo Sihui , Ge Junbo , Xu Suowen , Weng Jianping 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAtherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the largest cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Lipid‐lowering therapies are the current major cornerstone of ASCVD management. Statins, ezetimibe, fibrates and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors effectively reduce the plasma low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) level in most individuals at risk of atherosclerosis. Still, some patients (such as those with homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia), who do not respond to standard therapies, and other patients who cannot take these agents, remain at a high risk of ASCVD. In recent years there has been tremendous progress in understanding the mechanism and efficacy of lipid‐lowering strategies. Apart from the recently approved PCSK9 and ATP citrate lyase inhibitors, angiopoietin‐like 3 (ANGPTL3) is another potential target for the treatment of dyslipidaemia and its clinical sequalae of atherosclerosis. ANGPTL3 is a pivotal modulator of plasma triglycerides (TG), LDL‐C and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) levels, achieved by inhibiting the activities of lipoprotein lipase and endothelial lipase. Familial combined hypolipidaemia is derived from the Angptl3 loss‐of‐function mutations, which leads to low levels of LDL‐C, HDL‐C and TG, and has a 34% decreased risk of ASCVD compared with non‐carriers. To date, monoclonal antibodies (evinacumab) and antisense oligonucleotides against ANGPTL3 have been investigated in clinical trials for dyslipidaemia therapy. Herein, we review the biology and function of ANGPTL3, as well as the latest developments of ANGPTL3‐targeted therapies. We also summarize evidence from basic research to clinical trials, with the aim of providing novel insights into the biological functions of ANGPTL3 and related targeted therapies.
Prevalence of orofacial trauma and the attitude towards mouthguard use in handball players: A survey in Lorraine, France
Authors: Hacquin Manon , Nguyen‐Thi Phi Linh , Yasukawa Kazutoyo , Baudet Alexandre 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTBackground/AimsContact sports such as handball may lead to orofacial injuries that can often be prevented by the use of a properly fitted mouthguard. Several studies have investigated orofacial injuries during contact sports in different countries, but there is a lack of data that is specific for French handball players. Therefore, the aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of orofacial injuries and the proportion of handball players using a mouthguard in Eastern France.Material and MethodsData were collected from handball players aged over 15 years old from five handball clubs in the Lorraine Region (Eastern France). A questionnaire containing 26 questions about the general characteristics of participants, orofacial injury experiences, emergency procedures following tooth avulsion, and use of mouthguards was self‐administered.ResultsTwo hundred and sixty‐three handball players, of which 76.8% (202) were males, aged 23 ± 8 years on average, with a mean playing experience of 11 ± 6 years, participated in the study. Among them, 24.7% (65) reported at least one orofacial injury. A total of 237 orofacial injuries was declared. The main types of orofacial injuries including lip, cheek and tongue injuries were reported by 18.6% of handball players (49); dental injuries were reported by 9.9% (26) and injuries to the temporomandibular joint were reported by 4.9% (13). Most participants knew about mouthguards (97.3%, 254) and considered them efficient for preventing dental injuries in handball (95.3%, 242/254), but only 3.0% (8) used them.ConclusionThe prevalence of orofacial injuries among French handball players was high while mouthguards were very rarely used. Information should be provided to handball teams regarding mouthguard use and the management of dental injuries.
A conceptual model for clinical psychomotor skill development in an era of simulated and virtual reality
Authors: Perry Suzanne , Bridges Susan M. , Burrow Michael F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPsychomotor skill development is central to a beginner practitioner's learning pathway. Curriculum constraints around time, access to facilities and resources in health professions education have prompted the growth in alternative approaches to clinical skill development in both simulation and direct patient care. Among these is the increased incorporation of virtual reality (VR) systems with haptic feedback alongside traditional, solid simulations. Given the rapid growth in the adoption of technological affordances to support skill development, it is cogent to pause and examine whether the underpinning concepts regarding psychomotor skill development that have driven much of the approaches to teach clinical skill acquisition in dentistry remain fit‐for‐purpose. This conceptual paper proposes a new taxonomy for clinical simulation psychomotor skill development in the era of increasing variety of simulation modalities.
Lifelong chronic psychosocial stress induces a proteomic signature of Alzheimer's disease in wildtype mice
Authors: Lyons Carey E. , Zhou Xianxiao , Razzoli Maria , Chen Mei , Xia Weiming , Ashe Karen , Zhang Bin , Bartolomucci Alessandro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLate onset, sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) accounts for the vast majority of cases. Unlike familial AD, the factors that drive the onset of sporadic AD are poorly understood, although aging and stress play a role. The early onset/severity of neuropathology observed in most genetic mouse models of AD hampers the study of the role of aging and environmental factors; thus alternate strategies are necessary to understand the contributions of these factors to sporadic AD. We demonstrate that mice acquiring a low social status (subordinate) in a lifelong chronic psychosocial stress (CPS) model, accrue widespread proteomic changes in the frontal/temporal cortex during aging. To better understand the significance of these stress‐induced changes, we compared the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) of subordinate mice to those of patients at varying stages of dementia. Sixteen and fifteen DEPs upregulated in subordinate mice were also upregulated in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD, respectively. Six of those upregulated proteins (CPE, ERC2, GRIN2B, SLC6A1, SYN1, WFS1) were shared by subordinate mice and patients with MCI or AD. Finally, comparison with a spatially detailed transcriptomic database revealed that the superior frontal gyrus and hippocampus had the greatest overlap between mice subjected to lifelong CPS and AD patients. Overall, most of the overlapping proteins were functionally associated with enhanced NMDA receptor mediated glutamatergic signaling, an excitotoxicity mechanism known to affect neurodegeneration. These findings support the association between stress and AD progression and provide valuable insight into potential early biomarkers and protein mediators of this relationship.
Epilepsy, antiepileptic drugs, and the risk of major cardiovascular events
Authors: Lee‐Lane Elinor , Torabi Fatemeh , Lacey Arron , Fonferko‐Shadrach Beata , Harris Daniel , Akbari Ashley , Lyons Ronan A. , Rees Mark I. , Sawhney Inder , Halcox Julian , Powell Rob , Pickrell William Owen 
Published: May 2021

SummaryObjectiveThis study was undertaken to determine whether epilepsy and antiepileptic drugs (including enzyme‐inducing and non‐enzyme‐inducing drugs) are associated with major cardiovascular events using population‐level, routinely collected data.MethodsUsing anonymized, routinely collected, health care data in Wales, UK, we performed a retrospective matched cohort study (2003–2017) of adults with epilepsy prescribed an antiepileptic drug. Controls were matched with replacement on age, gender, deprivation quintile, and year of entry into the study. Participants were followed to the end of the study for the occurrence of a major cardiovascular event, and survival models were constructed to compare the time to a major cardiovascular event (cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction, stroke, ischemic heart disease, clinically significant arrhythmia, thromboembolism, onset of heart failure, or a cardiovascular death) for individuals in the case group versus the control group.ResultsThere were 10 241 cases (mean age = 49.6 years, 52.2% male, mean follow‐up = 6.1 years) matched to 35 145 controls. A total of 3180 (31.1%) cases received enzyme‐inducing antiepileptic drugs, and 7061 (68.9%) received non‐enzyme‐inducing antiepileptic drugs. Cases had an increased risk of experiencing a major cardiovascular event compared to controls (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.51–1.63, p < .001). There was no notable difference in major cardiovascular events between those treated with enzyme‐inducing antiepileptic drugs and those treated with non‐enzyme‐inducing antiepileptic drugs (adjusted hazard ratio = .95, 95% CI = .86–1.05, p = .300).SignificanceIndividuals with epilepsy prescribed antiepileptic drugs are at an increased risk of major cardiovascular events compared with population controls. Being prescribed an enzyme‐inducing antiepileptic drug is not associated with a greater risk of a major cardiovascular event compared to treatment with other antiepileptic drugs. Our data emphasize the importance of cardiovascular risk management in the clinical care of people with epilepsy.
Big data analytics with oppositional moth flame optimization based vehicular routing protocol for future smart cities
Authors: Aljehane Nojood O. , Mansour Romany F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPresently, smart city is designed to enhance the quality of life in city, fulfil the safety of the people, safe travelling, etc. Besides, big data has attracted significant attention among researchers in different fields as a large amount of data is being produced with diverse day‐to‐day applications. Besides, Vehicular adhoc network (VANET) is a kind of mobile adhoc network (MANET) that considers the vehicles as the nodes in a network. Since the VANET generates large amount of data, big data analytics can be used to gain meaningful understanding for improving the traffic management process such as planning, engineering, and operations. This paper designs a Big Data Analytics with Oppositional Moth Flame Optimization based Vehicular Routing Protocol for Future Smart Cities. The presented model maps the features of VANET with the attributes of the big data. In addition, oppositional moth flame optimization based vehicular routing (OMFOVR) technique is developed for VANET over the Hadoop Map Reduce standalone distributed framework. For validating the effectual performance of the proposed OMFOVR technique, a series of experiments were performed and the results are compared with the conventional NetBeans IDE platform. The experimental values showcased the betterment of the OMFOVR technique on the selection of routes over the compared methods.