bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the cleaning efficacy of XP-endo shaper and Mtwo rotary files in oval-shaped canals
Authors: Simdar Narges , Bashardoust Nazanin , Jahangir Majid 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Cleaning and shaping of root canals are essential steps for the success of endodontic therapy. This study compared two types of rotary files in oval-shaped root canals: XP-endo shaper (FKG, La Chaux-de- Fonds, Switzerland) and Mtwo (VDW, Germany, Munich) with regard to cleaning ability and canal preparation. Mtwo is a system of nickel–titanium files with S-shaped cross-sectional design and XP-endo shaper can change its shape according to the temperature.

Materials and Methods:
This in vitro study was performed on 16 pairs of freshly extracted contralateral mandibular premolars with a single oval-shaped canal that were selected and divided into two groups according to the root canal instrumentation technique: XP-endo shaper and Mtwo. Then, each root cut into three coronal, middle and apical sections and processed for histologic evaluation of canal wall planning and the presence of debris. Sections were evaluated by using AutoCAD 2017 software. Statistical analysis was used to compare between both the groups using repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction for post hoc comparison and independent sample t-tests. The level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results:
With a statistically significant difference in the middle third, untouched area and area with debris in XP-endo shaper group were smaller (respectively P = 0.013 and P = 0.011). Despite the percentage difference between groups, there was not a statistically significant difference in other sections.

Conclusion:
Statistically in the middle section of the oval-shaped canals, the XP-endo shaper performs better than the Mtwo rotary files.
Surgical Tracheostomies in Sars-CoV-2-Positive Patients
Authors: Muraleedharan Manjul , Panda Naresh Kumar , Patro Sourabha Kumar , Sharma Vikas , Hage Neemu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Aims:
Operating under personal protective equipment (PPE) has become the new norm. This study aims at assessing how the ear, nose, and throat surgeons coped with the changes, with tracheostomy as the procedure of interest.

Materials and Methods:
Chart review of 30 patients who underwent tracheostomy from March 23, 2020, to December 31, 2020, was done. A questionnaire was given to the senior residents in charge of the procedures after each tracheostomy and their experience on the various aspects of the procedure. The responses were compiled and various factors affecting the surgical experience and outcome were analyzed.

Results:
Vast majority of patients underwent tracheostomy for prolonged intubation (90%), which made preoperative assessment of cases difficult. The average time was 12.33 ± 2.54 min. Delay in procedures and difficulties of operating under PPEs made COVID-positive tracheostomy challenging.

Conclusions:
It is possible to perform aerosol-generating procedures safely with adequate protective gears. Tracheostomy in COVID-19 patients needs to be after careful considerations by intensive care specialists and streamlining of various logistical factors is very essential for effective utilization of Operation theatre and surgeons' time.
Relation between molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) occurrence and war pollutants in bombarded regions
Authors: Elzein R , Chouery E , Abdel-Sater F , Bacho R , Ayoub F 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

Background:
Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), a developmental enamel defect affecting one or more first permanent molars (FPMs) and sometimes incisors (PIs), is one of the most common pandemic health problems in the world. MIH etiology is still unclear and has been suggested to be related to exposure to environmental toxicants during enamel mineralization.

Aims:
To assess the susceptibility to MIH occurrence in regards to war pollutants through the investigation of the prevalence and the clinical characteristics of MIH in a group of Lebanese children whose FPMs and PIs enamel mineralization coincides with the 2006 Lebanese war.

Patients and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was performed in schools from different regions of Lebanon. Schoolchildren born in 2004, 2005, 2006, and 2007 were examined for MIH. Clinical status, lesion type, extension, and severity were recorded using the short form chart of the MIH index. Pearson's Chi-square or Fischer's exact test were used to determine if there is a significant relationship between categorical variables.

Results:
An overall MIH prevalence of 22.93% has been reported. Forty-seven point seventy-five per cent had both molars and incisors affected. Demarcated opacities were the most frequently observed clinical status. Most of the MIH FPMs and PIs were mildly affected with lesions extended on less than the third of the tooth surface.

Conclusions:
MIH prevalence among children born around 2006 Lebanese war is high. The hypothesis of a relation between MIH susceptibility and war pollutants in bombarded regions is legible but requires to be elucidated via additional in vitro and in vivo studies for accurate risk assessment.
Su Shi in razcvet tem v poeziji ci – na primeru pesmi na melodijo »Mesečina na Zahodni reki«
Authors: PRETNAR Mojca 
Published: December 2021

Študija razloži značilnosti poezije ci 詞 in na primeru enega najpomembnejših pesnikov oblike ci iz dinastije Song (960–1279), Su Shija 蘇軾 (1037–1101), in njegovih petnajst pesmi, ki jih je napesnil na melodijo ・・Mesečina na Zahodni reki・・, razišče njegovo inovativnost pri širjenju tematike v obliki ci s pristopom našanja elementov poezije shi 詩 v poezijo ci (以詩為詞). Teh petnajst Su Shijevih pesmi, ki jih je iz kitajščine prepesnila avtorica študije, kaže tematsko pestrost, ki je poezija ci pred Su Shijem ni poznala. Tako v tradicionalnih kot inovativnih pesmih Su Shi širi tematiko s pomočjo aluzij, sposojanjem elementov iz literarnih, zgodovinskih, filozofskih del in z ustvarjanjem asociacij na zgodbe, dogodke in osebe iz zgodovine, mitologije in literature.
TÜRKİYE’DEKİ SURİYELİ GÖÇMENLERE VERİLEN SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ, SORUN VE ÖNERİLER
Authors: AYDIN Yusuf 
Published: December 2021

Suriye'de yaşanan olaylar ve iç savaş nedeniyle göç eden Suriyelilerin en temel ihtiyaçları olan sağlık, barınma, eğitim ve çalışma hakkı gibi konular gittikleri ülkelerde önemli bir sorun olduğu gibi Türkiye'de de aynı sıkıntılarla karşılaşmaktadırlar. Ağırlıklı olarak barınma ve çalışma hakkı konularında ciddi mesafeler alınmış olunmakla birlikte, sağlık ve eğitim de ise çalışmalar devam etmektedir. Bununla birlikte sağlık ve eğitimde ilgili bakanlıklar tarafından belli kararlar alınmış ve uygulanmaya başlanmıştır. Bu anlamda, sağlık alanında sosyal devlet olmanın gereği olarak, göçmenlerin sağlık hizmetlerini almasına yönelik önemli uygulamalar başlamış olmakla birlikte, çıkan sorunlar doğrultusunda müdahaleler de yapılmaktadır.
Bu çalışma ile Suriyelilere yönelik sunulan sağlık hizmetleri değerlendirilecektir. Çalışmanın ilk bölümünde genel olarak Suriyeli göçmenler hakkında bilgi verilecek, ikinci bölümde ise Türkiye'de Suriyeli göçmenlerin aldıkları sağlık hizmetleri özellikle sağlık bakanlığı verilerine göre değerlendirilecek ve tespit edilen sorunlardan yola çıkılarak çözüm önerileri sunulacaktır.
Periodical Press as a Source on the History of German Settlements in the Volga Region in the 1920s (based on the Materials of the Newspaper “Die Welt-Post”)
Authors: Erokhina Olga V. , Furman Ekaterina L. 
Published: December 2021

The newspaper “Die Welt-Post” is analyzed in the article, namely, the rubric “Letters from Russia”, from 1920. It published correspondence of Volga Germans and their relatives who immigrated to America in the late 19th – early 20th centuries. The analyzed material allowed finding out how the Volga Germans perceived the economic and political situation in the country. Having survived the revolution, the Civil War like many peoples of the Soviet Russia, they experienced all the hardships of the economic policy pursued by the Bolsheviks. In the letters, they described the process of requisitions of food by food detachments in the villages and even told stories about their personal participation in the open confrontation with the authorities. With the first signs of famine in the Volga region, the Germans began to turn to relatives in America with requests to send food, clothing, money, or help to leave the country. However, there were also those who wanted to receive books, newspapers or magazines because they were in an information vacuum or wanted to develop intellectually. The Germans were very religious people and therefore they perceived the events that took place as tests sent from above. American aid had been perceived similarly. Often the Germans gave characteristics in an allegorical form using references to the Bible.
Hambatan Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh bagi Guru Digital Immigrant
Authors: Tayo Yanti , Nursanti Siti , Utamidewi Wahyu 
Published: December 2021

The Ministry of Education and Culture has instructed the distance learning system (e-learning) to deal with the Covid-19 pandemic. E-learning must be implemented by all educational units without exception. This study aims to analyze the obstacles that occur during the implementation of e-learning. The type of research is descriptive qualitative. The primary data were collected directly from main sources through interviews with 4 Digital Immigrant Teachers at Pondok Ranggon 01 Pagi Elementary School, Cipayung District, DKI Jakarta. The results indicated that the Digital Immigrant Teachers at Pondok Ranggon 01 Pagi Elementary School were quite capable of doing the e-learning technology. However, when using E-learning platforms, some elements might be considered as obstacles in e-learning such as limited internet access and lack of proficiency in operating e-learning applications. Recommendations from this study on the implementation of e-learning increase literacy in the use of communication technology as part of the communication strategy for implementing government policies.
Abstrak
Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan mengeluarkan kebijakan untuk menjalankan proses Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh (PJJ) yang harus diikuti seluruh guru dan murid di Indonesia tanpa terkecuali dalam rangka penanganan pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hambatan yang terjadi pada saat pelaksanaan PJJ. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Data primer diambil melalui depth-interview kepada 4 orang guru digital immigrant di SD Pondok Ranggon 01 Pagi Kecamatan Cipayung DKI Jakarta. Hasil penelitian menunjukan guru digital immigrant di SD Pondok Ranggon 01 Pagi berhasil menerapkan dan beradaptasi dengan teknologi meskipun dibutuhkan literasi yang dilakukan secara berkesinambungan oleh pihak sekolah. Berbagai hambatan yang terjadi yaitu buruknya sinyal internet, keterbatasan kuota, serta kesulitan untuk menggunakan aplikasi yang disiapkan oleh pemerintah. Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini terhadap pelaksanaan PJJ meningkatkan literasi penggunaan teknologi komunikasi sebagai bagian dari strategi komunikasi pelaksanaan kebijakan pemerintah.
Pengaruh Keberadaan Minimarket Waralaba terhadap Warung Tradisional di Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: Suhada Nisa Latifa , Fitriyanti Siska , Siska Dewi 
Published: December 2021

Warung is a substitute for the traditional markets for the people of South Kalimantan. The warungs were usually located in the middle of the neighborhood. Several previous studies indicate that the number and income of warungs have continued to decline since the entry of modern retails in South Kalimantan. The objectives of this study were to analyze the impact of modern retails towards warungs and analyze the implementation of the modern retail regulations in South Kalimantan. The method used is mixed methods with qualitative and quantitative approaches. The study findings suggest that modern retailers have tendencies to cause a decline in income to the point of bankruptcy of warungs. Some regulations specifically regulate the existence of franchised minimarkets but do not regulate the warungs specifically. Therefore, there is an urgency to review permits regulations and rules of modern retail locations, local government intervention to improve competitiveness, and facilitation of capital assistance.
Abstrak
Warung tradisional merupakan pilihan tempat berbelanja selain di pasar tradisional bagi penduduk setempat. Beberapa penelitian sebelumnya menyebutkan bahwa omzet warung tradisional menurun sejak kemunculan minimarket waralaba yang mulai menggeser posisi warung tradisional di Kalimantan Selatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh yang ditimbulkan oleh minimarket waralaba terhadap warung tradisional, serta menganalisis regulasi dan implementasi tentang penataan minimarket warlaba di Kalimantan Selatan. Metode yang digunakan yaitu mix methods dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan minimarket waralaba berpotensi menimbulkan pengaruh negatif, yaitu penurunan omzet hingga penutupan usaha. Terdapat regulasi yang khusus mengatur keberadaan minimarket waralaba, akan tetapi tidak mengatur tentang keberadaannya terhadap warung tradisional. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut maka diperlukan peninjauan kembali regulasi terkait izin pendirian dan penataan lokasi minimarket waralaba, intervensi pemerintah daerah untuk meningkatkan daya saing, serta fasilitasi bantuan modal.
Strategi Pemasaran Itik Alabio sebagai Produk Unggulan Daerah Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: Fitriyanti Siska , Pradana Herry 
Published: December 2021

Alabio Ducks are native poultry and a featured product of South Kalimantan. However, the ducks have not yet contributed economically to the farmers or region. Culinary business in urban areas opens opportunities for the development of the Alabio Duck. The purpose of this study was to analyze the upstream and downstream sectors of the Alabio Ducks to be used as the basis for preparing the marketing strategies. This study uses a qualitative approach. Data were taken through observation and interviews with informants selected by purposive sampling, analyzed using STP and marketing mix analysis. The results of this study indicate that the segment and target market are middle-upper people in urban areas. Expansion of the market can be done through the supply of cold meat for the hotel, restaurant, and modern markets. The marketing strategy is to pay attention to the advantages of texture, taste, and color of the meat, determine competitive selling prices according to quality, add online distribution channels, and increase promotions on digital platforms.
Abstrak
Itik Alabio merupakan rumpun unggas lokal dengan sebaran geografis asli Kalimantan Selatan dan salah satu Produk Unggulan Daerah (PUD). Akan tetapi, sektor peternakan Itik Alabio selama ini belum menunjukkan kontribusi yang signifikan terhadap perekonomian peternak maupun daerah. Perkembangan bisnis kuliner di daerah perkotaan membuka peluang terhadap pengembangan Itik Alabio di Kalimantan Selatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis sektor hulu hingga hilir Itik Alabio untuk digunakan sebagai dasar penyusunan strategi pemasarannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Data primer diambil melalui observasi dan wawancara dengan informan yang dipilih secara purposive sampling. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis penetapan nilai (STP analysis) dan analisis bauran pemasaran (marketing mix analysis). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa segmen dan target pasar adalah masyarakat daerah perkotaan yang memiliki kemampuan ekonomi menengah ke atas. Perluasan jangkauan pasar melalui suplai cold meat untuk pangsa pasar perhotelan, restoran, dan pasar modern. Strategi pemasaran adalah dengan memperhatikan keunggulan tekstur, rasa, dan warna daging Itik Alabio sebagai daya jual, menentukan harga jual yang bersaing dengan kompetitor tanpa menurunkan kualitas, menambah jalur distribusi secara daring, dan meningkatkan promosi di platform digital.
ADOPTION AND IMPACT OF IMPROVED PIGEON PEAS ON FARMING HOUSEHOLD POVERTY IN SEMI-ARID SOUTH EAST KENYA
Authors: Matere S J , Busienei J R , Mbatia O.L E 
Published: December 2021

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess the factors influencing adoption of improved pigeon peas in semi-arid South Eastern Kenya and to evaluate the impact of adoption on households’ poverty.
Methodology: The study used cross sectional data gathered through household survey to establish the factors influencing improved pigeon pea adoption. Propensity score matching approach was further used to assess the impact of adoption on households’ poverty.
Findings: The results show that farmers’ access to improved pigeon pea seed, contact with agricultural extension service providers and access to market information significantly influenced adoption (p< 0.001). Adopters and non-adopters got an average net farm income of Kenya shillings (KES) 29,570 and 21, 490 per acre per year respectively. Adoption of improved pigeon peas resulted in a decrease of head count poverty by 0.24% and a reduction of poverty gap and poverty severity by 0.30% and 0.20 % respectively.
Contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that both National and County Government make policies that create enabling environment for private sector participation in production of certified seed to improve farmers’ access to improved seed to augment production. Facilitating farmers’ improved access to reliable and timely market information will increase production of marketable surplus of the peas that are adaptable to semi-arid areas, increase fall income and contribute to reduction of rural poverty.
ANALYTICAL REPRESENTATIONS FOR THE TRUNCATED SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FOUR-POINT COHERENCE FUNCTION OF A LASER BEAM IN A TURBULENT MEDIUM
Authors: Rogovtsov N. N. , Anissimov V. Ya. 
Published: December 2021

New analytical representations for the truncated spectral characteristics of the four-point coherence function of a laser beam propagating in a turbulent medium are obtained. These representations are valid for any level of fluctuations of the refractive index in air. For two particular cases they turn into exact analytical representations previously derived by the authors with using of an integro-functional equation for truncated spectral characteristic of the four-point coherence function. A constructive procedure for obtaining approximate analytical expressions of the four-point coherence function of a laser beam propagating in
a turbulent medium is proposed.
EL CONSTITUCIONALISMO DE LOS DERECHOS: APUNTES SOBRE LA NUEVA CONSTITUCIÓN ECUATORIANA DE 2008
Authors: NOGUERA FERNÁNDEZ ALBERT 
Published: December 2021

La Constitución de Ecuador de 2008 constituye una manifestación
más del nuevo constitucionalismo latinoamericano, caracterizado, entre otros muchos
aspectos, por fi jar un modelo de plena protección y justiciabilidad de todos los
derechos, sin precedentes en el constitucionalismo tradicional. El presente artículo
analiza el tratamiento que la nueva Constitución de Ecuador hace de los derechos y
de sus garantías, demostrando como ésta, conjuntamente con las Constituciones
aprobadas en el continente durante los últimos años, abren grandes oportunidades
para poder hablar de la conformación de una nueva cultura jurídica en materia de
derechos, esto es, de un nuevo constitucionalismo de los derechos.
Ekuadorreko 2008 Konstituzioa latinoamerikako konstituzionalismo
berriaren adibide da; besteak beste, eskubide guzti-guztiei erabateko babesa eta
justiziagarritasuna emango dien eredua fi nkatzea izan du bereizgarri, orain arteko
konstituzionalismo tradizionalean inoiz ez bezala. Artikulu honetan, Ekuadorreko
konstituzio berriak eskubideak eta eskubideen bermeak nola tratatzen dituen aztertuko
du, eta erakutsiko du konstituzioak, kontinente horretan azkeneko urteetan
onetsi diren gainerako konstituzioekin batera, ateak ondo zabalik utzi dituela eskubideen
gaineko kultura juridiko berria eratzeko, hau da, eskubideen konstituzionalismo
berriari bidea emateko.
The 2008 Constitution from Ecuador is another example of the new
latinoamerican constitutionalism distinguished, among many other features, for
setting a model for the full protection and justiciability of rights, with no previous
examples found on the traditional constitutionalism. This article analyzes the
treatment of rights and guarantees given by the Ecuadorean Constitution, showing
how this, together with other Constitutions enacted in the continent during the last
years, give way to great opportunities for the setting up of a new legal culture of
rights, that is a new constitutionalism of rights.
LA COORDINACIÓN ENTRE LA LEY 10/1998 DE RESIDUOS Y LA LEY 26/2007 DE RESPONSABILIDAD MEDIOAMBIENTAL DE SUELOS CONTAMINADOS
Authors: DE LA VARGA PASTOR AITANA 
Published: December 2021

Este trabajo analiza los regímenes jurídicos establecidos por la legislación
de residuos y la legislación sobre responsabilidad medioambiental para
los llamados suelos contaminados. El estudio se detiene en aquellos aspectos que
se consideran relevantes en motivo de la posible aplicación de ambas normas sobre
una misma materia entorno a los cuales pueden suscitarse dudas y problemas
interpretativos. Se plantean cuestiones relativas a la coordinación entre ambas
normativas en el ámbito de la recuperación de los suelos contaminados y de los
daños al suelo y se establecen unas pautas interpretativas a la luz de las leyes y
del derecho.
Lan honek hondakinen legediak eta lurzoru kutsatu direlakoetarako
ingurumen-erantzukizunari buruzko legediak ezarritako araubide juridikoak
aztertzen ditu. Azterlan hau aipagarritzat hartzen diren alderdietan murgiltzen da, bi
araudi horiek gai baten gainean aplikatu edo ez aplikatu beharra dela eta, zalantzak
edo interpretazio-arazoak sor baitaitezke arau horien inguruan. Lur kutsatuen eta
lurzoruari eragindako kalteen berreskuratzearen inguruko bi araudi horien arteko
koordinazioari buruzko hainbat gai jorratzen dira, eta interpretazio-ildo batzuk ezartzen
dira, legeen eta zuzenbidearen argitan.
This work analyzes the legal regimes concerning poluted soils as
set up by the legislation on waste and on enviromental liability. The study deeps
into those issues considered relevants as a result of the application of both legislations
on the same subject regarding the doubts and interpretative problems.
Questions relative to the coordination among both legislations in the field of the
recovery of poluted soil and of damages are set out and some interpretative guidelines
are established in light of Acts and Law.