bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bidirectional Hybrid Optical Communication System Based on Wavelength Division Multiplexing for Outdoor Applications
Authors: Abdulsatar Sinan M. , Saleh Mohammed A. , Abass Abadulla , Ali M. H. , Yaseen Mohammed Ali 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The simulation and investigation of a 32×10 Gb/s WDM all–optical bidirectional hybrid communication system for outdoor applications is presented in this article via multidisciplinary softwares. In order to track the system condition, a strain sensor based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is integrated in–line with the fiber optic link (FO–link). Then, a free space optical link (FSO–link) with 4–channel is simulated to act backup or rescue to the FO–link in the event of disaster or bombing. The FO–link is working well until the strain reach to 180 µε, after that the FO–link has degraded. Therefore, an optical switch is incorporated in between these systems (FO–link & FSO–link) to turn–on the FSO–link which act as a backup system to FO–link and maintains the continuity of the data transmission. According to the hybrid link results, there is an efficient enhancement in the Q–factor as compared with the FO–link even when there is heavy rain.
Human-centered design process and solutions to promote malaria testing and treatment seeking behavior in Guyana hinterlands
Authors: Yan Shirley D. , Simpson Joann , Mitchum Lyndsey , Orkis Jennifer , Davis TrishAnn , Wilson Sean , Trotman Neil , Imhoff Helen , Cox Horace , Hunter Gabrielle , Olapeju Bolanle , Adams Camille , Storey J. Douglas 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Malaria is a persistent public health challenge among miners and other hard-to-reach populations in Guyana’s hinterland, specifically in Regions 1, 7, 8, and 9. Despite an overall decrease in malaria prevalence throughout Guyana, it remains common among mining populations whose work conditions both contribute toward malaria transmission and make it difficult to seek timely, Ministry of Health (MoH) approved malaria testing and treatment services. In an effort to develop innovative approaches to address this public health challenge, an interdisciplinary team of public health professionals, designers, and mining organizations collaborated using a human-centered design (HCD) process facilitated by the USAID-funded Breakthrough ACTION Guyana project in partnership with the MoH. Methods: This paper describes two phases: (1) Define and (2) Design & Test. In the Define phase, following a literature review, we conducted 108 qualitative interviews with miners, camp managers, trained malaria testers, health workers, and other key stakeholders to understand experiences and challenges when seeking malaria testing and treatment services. These interviews were synthesized into 11 insights on issues such as risk perception, malaria knowledge, preventive behaviors, traditional and self-treatment, adherence to the correct treatment, testing, and coordination and communication gaps. From these insights, during the Design & Test phase, we developed 33 “How might we…?” questions which led to 792 ideas, of which eight emergent concepts were prototyped and refined in the field with 145 miners, camp managers, and stakeholders. Results: The five final prototypes included: “Little Mosquito, Big Problem” social behavior change campaign; rapid counseling cards; branded malaria testing and treatment services; innovations in treatment adherence; and a participants, content, and logistics approach. Conclusion: When applying HCD to public health issues, there are both opportunities and challenges to reconcile gaps that may exist between the two disciplines. However, HCD provides additional tools and mindsets to generatively work with migrant and mobile mining communities to encourage malaria testing and treatment services.
Multicomponent synthesis and investigations fluorescence activity of chromenone –pyrazole compounds
Authors: Ziarani Ghodsi Mohammadi , Mohammadsaeed Shirin , Badiei Alireza , Ghasemi Jahan B. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A synthetic method is described to produce some chromenone-pyrazole derivatives through a one-pot multicomponent reaction using SrFe12O19 as a magnetic catalyst. This method provides quite a few merits, including the use of an effective and easy separable nanocatalyst, high yields of products, short reaction time, and easy work-up. Two of the products showed fluorescence properties, which have detected mercury ions without any interference with other ions. They can detect a tiny amount of mercury ions, which were comparable with other chemosensors. The detection limit is 4×10− 7 and 3×10− 8 M, respectively, for the compound I and II, respectively, which were considered very low amounts. The effect of mercury on health and environmental pollution is essential in medical science.
Reverse Regulation Between sFRP 5 and Dkk 1 Gene in Early Stage Lung Adenocancer
Authors: Zeybek Arife , Oz Necdet , Kalemci Serdar , Tosun Kursad , Edgünlü Tuba Gökdoğan , Kızıltuğ Mehmet Tuğhan , Tekin Leyla , Erdal Mehmet Emin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose: We aimed to examine the expression levels of the genes of APC (Adenomatous Polyposis Coli) 1, APC 2, Dkk (Dickkopf related protein) 1, Dkk -3, sFRP (Secreted frizzled-related protein) -2, sFRP-4, and sFRP-5 genes which play a role in the Wnt signaling pathway in lung adenocarcinoma and adjacent normal lung tissues, and to evaluate their relationship with clinical-pathological factors.Materials and methods: Between 2011 and 2018, the expression levels of the relevant genes in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor and adjacent intact lung tissue samples of 57 patients who were operated for lung adenocarcinoma were determined by Real-time PCR analysis. Results: The expression levels of the Dkk-1 gene in the tumor tissue, especially in stage I-II, were statistically significantly suppressed compared to normal tissue (p <0.025 ). Although Dkk-1 gene expression was suppressed in the tumor tissue of patients with early-stage lung adenocarcinoma, the level of expression of the sFRP-5 gene was found to be statistically significantly higher (p<0.039). Conclusion: In our study, between the sFRP-5 and Dkk-1 genes, known as the extracellular antagonist of the Wnt signaling pathway was found the reverse regulation. sFRP-5 gene was found as having an oncogenic role in adenocarcinoma development. Reverse regulation between these genes in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma may shed light on the mechanisms associated with the development of carcinogenesis. For that reason, clinically, this relationship needs to research in a larger series of pure adenocarcinoma and normal human lung tissues, separated by its stage, for potential therapeutic target or prognostic its significance.
Factors Associated With The Adherence To Unsupervised Daily Dose To Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention In Builsa North District, Upper East Region Of Ghana
Authors: Doumbia Cheick Oumar , Kenu Ernest , Dicko Ilo , Diallo Mountaga , Konate Brahima , Diarra Samba , Diakite Mahamadou , Doumbia Seydou 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Since 2015, SMC with amodiaquine–sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (AQ–SP) has been implemented during the high malaria transmission season in three regions of Ghana. Adherence to the Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) is one of the critical determinants for successfully protecting children under five. In Ghana, there is limited evidence of sociodemographics and awareness factors associated with adherence to SMC. The purpose of this study was to explore the adherence level to SMC and the factors associated with adherence to SMC among caregivers in Builsa North District. Methods: In four (4) sub-district households in the Builsa North District, a cross-sectional study was conducted. The district was stratified into six, and four subdistricts were selected using simple random sampling. The 438 participants were recruited via balloting using a random sampling procedure. Illustrative summary statistics performed for frequencies. The knowledge of caregivers on Malaria and SMC was assessed by scoring correct answers to questions related to malaria and SMC. The association between SMC adherence and independent variables was tested using Pearson's chi-square test and Fisher Exact Test. Simple and multiple logistic regressions were performed to determine associations and strength of associations between SMC adherence and the independent variables, with all results interpreted at 95 % confidence level. Results: The SMC adherence rates among the caregivers in the Builsa North District were respectively 95.36%, with an awareness level of 97.94%. The reasons reported for non-adherence were the child's refusal (38.46%), the child's vomiting of the drug (33.33%), the occurrence of an illness within the period of medication (15.38%), the forgetting to give the subsequent doses (12.82%). About half (49.31%) of caregivers had a good knowledge of malaria, while 66.51% had a fair knowledge of SMC. Significant predictors of SMC on multiple logistic regression were the place of residence, caregivers' satisfaction, and the source of knowledge.Conclusion: The adherence rate to SMC in Builsa North District is 95.36%. The key factors associated with SMC Adherence are being aware of SMC through non-health professional source, place of residence, and caregivers' satisfaction with the previous SMC campaign.
A cooperative game model with bankruptcy theory for Water Allocation: A case study in China Tarim River Basin
Authors: Tian Jiahe , Yu Yang , Li Tongshu , Zhou Yi , Li Jingjun , Wang Xingpeng , Han Yu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
China Tarim River Basin is located in an arid area, whose rapid socioeconomic development intensifies the current water resources shortage. To allocate water resources reasonably, this paper introduces the bankruptcy theory into the cooperative game model to contract a linear function describing the degree of satisfaction of each region's declared water demand. Bankruptcy theory solves the problem of insufficient information about players in the cooperative game. From the perspective of the cooperative game's stability, the bankruptcy allocation stability index (BASI) is used to evaluate and compare water resource allocation results in the Tarim River Basin in 2025 and 2030 under different scenarios. Moreover, this paper uses the improved TOPSIS model to build the harmony index of water-economy-environment (HWEE) to evaluate the harmony of water resources, economy and environment in each region. The results show that the model is more suitable for the actual water allocation game and has a good application value than the classical bankruptcy theory. Moreover, the stability index and HWEE proposed in this paper also have better applicability, and the allocation scheme with the same game weight in each region is more stable.
Synthesis and Characterization of SILAR-Deposited Leaf-Like Copper Sulphide Films
Authors: Ugbo Chika , Nkele Agnes Chinecherem , Agbogu Ada , Ekwealor A. B. C. , Maaza Malik , Osuji Rose U. , Ezema Fabian I. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Successful synthesis of copper sulphide films deposited via successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method at 100, 150, and 200 cycles. The deposited films were characterized for their morphological, structural, elemental, optical, and electrochemical features. A leaf-like morphology was obtained for the CuS films. Orthorhombic crystal structure with distinct peaks at (262) and (116) planes were observed. Good optical features, high absorbance with band gap energies ranging from 1.95 eV to 1.98 eV. The synthesized films possessed good electrochemical features with supercapacitive abilities. The synthesized materials find potential applications in optical devices and supercapacitors.
Evaluation of the Level of Fit of Radial Fracture Fixation Plates Using Virtual and 3D-printed Models
Authors: Siegler Sorin , Stolle Jordan , Ilyas Asif , Marcouiller Nicholas , Jones Christopher M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Radial fractures often require surgical stabilization with fracture fixation plates. Incomplete morphological reconstruction was linked to poor outcome such as limited forearm rotation. Pre-contoured plates are often used, but large inter-subject morphological variations may result in poor fit. Therefore, the goal of this study was to develop a reliable virtual measure of plate-to-bone fit. In addition, the study evaluated the accuracy with which 3D printed bones reproduce the morphology of the physical radius. Virtual models and 3D-printed models of six cadaver radii were produced from bone scans. Level of fit of pre-contoured plates were measured in three ways: directly on pre-contoured physical plates fitted to cadaver bone; pre-contoured physical plates fitted to 3D printed bone; and virtual plate models fitted to virtual bone models. In addition, the study evaluated the accuracy with which 3D printed bone reproduces the physical bone morphology. The results indicate excellent agreement between the physical and virtual level of fit measures as well as excellent geometrical accuracy of the 3D-printed bones. These provide the necessary foundation for guiding the development of better fitted pre-contoured fracture fixation plates as well as for developing pre-surgically patient specific pre-contoured plates.
A Novel Prediction Prognosis Model of sepsis with acute respiratory failure: A cohort study from the MIMIC-IV database
Authors: Zhao Lina , Yang Jing , Wang Yunying , Zeng Zheng Ge. , Liu Tao , Li Yi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objectives: Acute respiratory failure is significantly related to increased short-term mortality in sepsis patients. We aimed to develop a novel prognosis model for predicting the risk for hospital mortality in sepsis patients with acute respiratory failure.Methods: We researched the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-IV database, and developed a matched cohort of adult sepsis with acute respiratory failure. After applying multivariate Cox regression, a nomogram was developed based on identified risk factors of the mortality in the cohort. Besides, the discrimination of the nomogram in predicting individual hospital death was evaluated by the area under o the characteristic operating curve (ROC).Results: A total of 663 sepsis patients with acute respiratory failure were included in this study. Systolic blood pressure, white blood cell count, neutrophils, mechanical ventilation, PaO2 < 60mmHg, abdominal cavity infection, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and immunosuppressive disease were the independent risk predictors of the mortality in sepsis patients with acute respiratory failure. The area under curve of the nomogram in the ROC was 0.880 (95% CI: 0.851-0.908) that provided significantly higher discrimination compared with simplified acute physiology score II [0.656 (95% CI: 0.612-0.701)].Conclusion: The model has good performance in predicting the mortality risk of sepsis patients with acute respiratory failure, and it can be clinically useful to evaluate the short-term prognosis in critically ill patients with sepsis and acute respiratory failure.
Mining Thousands of Genomes to Classify Somatic and Pathogenic Structural Variants
Authors: Layer Ryan , Sedlazeck Fritz , Pedersen Brent , Quinlan Aaron 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Structural variants (SVs) are associated with cancer progression and Mendelian disorders, but challenges with estimating SV frequency remain a barrier to somatic and de novo classification. In particular, variability in filtering and variant calling heuristics limit our ability to use SV catalogs from large cohorts. We present a method to index and search the raw alignments from thousands of samples that overcomes these limitations and supports robust SV analysis.
Accessing Performance of Transport Sector Considering Risks of Climate Change and Traffic Accidents: Joint Bounded-Adjusted Measure and Luenberger Decomposition
Authors: Chen Xiaodong , Zhu Jiahao , Wang Fang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Green transformation of energy use in China’s transport sector will promote sustainable development in the country. This paper extends the Bounded-adjusted Measure and Luenberger indicators to detect the performance of China’s inland transport sector across 2006–2015. In the framework, the climate change and traffic accident risks are taken as undesirable outputs. In addition, source-specific and variable-specific decomposition are proposed for investigating the sources of inefficiency and productivity, and quantifying the contributions of climate change and traffic accident risks. This paper opens up the “black box” of technological progress, identifying the different channels (i.e., quantity and time dimensions) through which affect economic growth. Therefore, policymakers can find out the most effective pathway to boost productivity growth and mitigate climate change and traffic accident risks in transport sector, which are ignored in the conventional framework. Empirical results indicate great variances exist among 30 provinces in inefficiency scores, productivity change and technological progress. Hence, classified regulations help to tackle this issue. We cluster 30 provinces into 4 groups according to their technological progress along quantity and time dimensions. Variable-wise, CO2 emission-reduction and civil vehicles gains promote the TFP gains most. Also, we verify that economic development and environmental regulations can coordinate to promote the sustainable development of transport sector.
Barriers to Accessing Mental Health Services among Syrian Refugees in Ankara
Authors: Kilic Cengiz , Kaya Edip , Karadag Ozge , Uner Sarp 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

Syrian refugees are seriously traumatized by the conflict in their country. Consequently, mental health problems, particularly depression and PTSD, are prevalent among refugees. Despite this fact, they make little use of mental health services. Using a population sample of Syrian refugees living in Ankara, we assessed the perceived need for and contact with mental health services, as well as the barriers to access these services.
Methods

This was a cross-sectional study of 420 Syrian refugees living in Ankara city center, using face to face interviews administered at the respondents’ home by trained, Arabic-speaking interviewers. The data were collected in October–November 2016 in two neighborhoods of Ankara, where most of Syrian refugees were concentrated. PTSD and depression were assessed using Harvard Trauma Questionnaire and Beck Depression Inventory, respectively. Both measures have been validated in Arabic.
Results

Of all the refugees in our sample, 14.8% (N = 62) stated that they felt the need for mental healthcare since arriving in Turkey. The actual number contacting any mental health service, however, was very low (N = 6). Multivariate analyses revealed that traumatic stress scores predicted the perceived need for contacting services. Though women reported much higher need for contact with mental health services than men, there was no gender effect on actual contact. Speaking Turkish seemed to increase contact with services, which is in line with language being listed as the most important barrier to accessing care.
Conclusions

Our results show that, although refugees with mental health problems are more likely to contact services than others, most of those who need mental health care go untreated, and there is a significant gender inequity in this regard. To address this treatment gap, and to provide adequate care for refugees with mental health problems, common barriers (language, stigma, and awareness) should be identified and dealt with.
Effects of symmetry breaking of the structurally-disordered Hamiltonian ensembles on the anisotropic decoherence
Authors: Chen Hong-Bin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
It is commonly known that the dephasing in open quantum systems is due to the establishment of bipartite correlations with an environment.
Recently, a new approach of average over disordered Hamiltonian ensemble is developed and shown to capable of describing
both the incoherent dynamical behavior and the nonclassicality of dynamical processes.
Here we further extend the approach of Hamiltonian ensemble in the canonical form to the realm of structural disorder.
Under the separation of the probability distribution within the Hamiltonian ensemble,
the geometrical structural is easily visualized and can be characterized according to the degree of symmetry.
We demonstrate four degrees and investigate the effects of different types of symmetry breaking on the incoherent dynamics.
With these effects, we obtain rather general master equations, going beyond the previous frameworks of pure dephasing or isotropic depolarization.
The practicality of the Hamiltonian ensemble and the theory of process nonclassicality is significantly enhanced.
Mobile Footprinting: Linking Individual Distinctiveness in Mobility Patterns to Mood, Sleep, and Brain Functional Connectivity
Authors: Xia Cedric Huchuan , Barnett Ian , Tapera Tinashe , Cui Zaixu , Moore Tyler , Adebimpe Azeez , Rush-Goebel Sage , Piiwaa Kayla , Murtha Kristin , Linguiti Sophia , Leibenluft Ellen , Brotman Melissa , Martin Melissa , Calkins Monica , Roalf David , Wolf Daniel , Bassett Danielle , Lydon-Staley David , Baker Justin , Ungar Lyle , Satterthwaite Theodore 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Mapping individual differences in behavior is fundamental to personalized neuroscience. Here, we establish that statistical patterns of smartphone-based mobility features represent unique “footprints” that allow individual identification. Critically, mobility footprints exhibit varying levels of person-specific distinctiveness and are associated with individual differences in affective instability, circadian irregularity, and brain functional connectivity. Together, this work suggests that real-world mobility patterns may provide an individual-specific signature linking brain, behavior, and mood.