bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A High Triglyceride-Glucose Index Is Associated With Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Qin Yuhan , Tang Haixia , Yan Gaoliang , Wang Dong , Qiao Yong , Luo Erfei , Hou Jiantong , Tang Chengchun 
Published: January 2021

Background and ObjectivesTriglyceride-glucose (TyG) is an emerging vital indicator of insulin resistance and is associated with increased risk of T2DM and cardiovascular events. We aimed to explore the TyG index and contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) in patients with type 2 diabetes who underwent coronary angiology.MethodsThis study enrolled 928 patients with suspected coronary artery disease who underwent coronary angiology or percutaneous coronary intervention in Zhongda hospital. Patient data were divided into quartiles according to the TyG index: group 1: TyG ≤ 8.62; group 2: 8.62&lt;TyG ≤ 9.04; group 3: 9.04&lt;TyG ≤ 9.45; and group 4: TyG&gt;9.45. CI-AKI was diagnosed according to the KIDIGO criteria. Demographic data, hematological parameters, coronary angiology data, and medications were all recorded. We calculated the TyG index using the following formula: ln [fasting TG (mg/dL)×FPG (mg/dL)/2].ResultsPatients who developed CI-AKI exhibited significantly higher TyG index levels compared to patients who did not develop CI-AKI. The incidence of CI-AKI sharply increased with increasing TyG. Univariate and multivariate analysis identified TyG as an independent risk factor for CI-AKI. The AUC of the ROC curve was as high as 0.728 when the value of TyG was 8.88. The corresponding sensitivity was as high as 94.9%. Adding the variable TyG to the model for predicting CI-AKI risk further increased the predictive value of the model from 80.4% to 82%.ConclusionsHigh TyG is closely associated with increased incidence of CI-AKI, demonstrating that TyG is an independent risk factor for CI-AKI. TyG has potentially predictive value for CI-AKI and may play a crucial role in risk stratification in clinical practice.
Genomic and Epigenetic Advances in Focal Cortical Dysplasia Types I and II: A Scoping Review
Authors: Jesus-Ribeiro Joana , Pires Luís Miguel , Melo João Daniel , Ribeiro Ilda Patrícia , Rebelo Olinda , Sales Francisco , Freire António , Melo Joana Barbosa 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Focal cortical dysplasias (FCDs) are a group of malformations of cortical development that constitute a common cause of drug-resistant epilepsy, often subjected to neurosurgery, with a suboptimal long-term outcome. The past few years have witnessed a dramatic leap in our understanding of the molecular basis of FCD. This study aimed to provide an updated review on the genomic and epigenetic advances underlying FCD etiology, to understand a genotype–phenotype correlation and identify priorities to lead future translational research.Methods: A scoping review of the literature was conducted, according to previously described methods. A comprehensive search strategy was applied in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from inception to 07 May 2020. References were screened based on title and abstract, and posteriorly full-text articles were assessed for inclusion according to eligibility criteria. Studies with novel gene variants or epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in patients that underwent epilepsy surgery, with histopathological diagnosis of FCD type I or II according to Palmini's or the ILAE classification system, were included. Data were extracted and summarized for an overview of evidence.Results: Of 1,156 candidate papers, 39 met the study criteria and were included in this review. The advent of next-generation sequencing enabled the detection in resected FCD tissue of low-level brain somatic mutations that occurred during embryonic corticogenesis. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, involved in neuronal growth and migration, is the key player in the pathogenesis of FCD II. Somatic gain-of-function variants in MTOR and its activators as well as germline, somatic, and second-hit mosaic loss-of-function variants in its related repressors have been reported. However, the genetic background of FCD type I remains elusive, with a pleomorphic repertoire of genes affected. DNA methylation and microRNAs were the two epigenetic mechanisms that proved to have a functional role in FCD and may represent molecular biomarkers.Conclusion: Further research into the possible pathogenic causes of both FCD subtypes is required, incorporating single-cell DNA/RNA sequencing as well as methylome and proteomic analysis. The collected data call for an integrated clinicopathologic and molecular genetic diagnosis in current practice not only to improve diagnostic accuracy but also to guide the development of future targeted treatments.
A Nomogram Model Involving Immunohistochemical Markers for Predicting the Recurrence of Stage I-II Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Jiang Peng , Jia Mingzhu , Hu Jing , Huang Zhen , Deng Ying , Hu Zhuoying 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to establish a nomogram combining classical parameters and immunohistochemical markers to predict the recurrence of patients with stage I-II endometrial cancer (EC).Methods419 patients with stage I-II endometrial cancer who received primary surgical treatment at the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were involved in this study as a training cohort. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis of screening prognostic factors were performed in the training cohort to develop a nomogram model, which was further validated in 248 patients (validation cohort) from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. The calibration curve was used for internal and external verification of the model, and the C-index was used for comparison among different models.ResultsThere were 51 recurrent cases in the training cohort while 31 cases in the validation cohort. Univariate analysis showed that age, histological type, histological grade, myometrial invasion, cervical stromal invasion, postoperative adjuvant treatment, and four immunohistochemical makers (Ki67, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, P53) were the related factors for recurrence of EC. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that histological type (P = 0.029), myometrial invasion (P = 0.003), cervical stromal invasion (P = 0.001), Ki67 (P &lt; 0.001), ER (P = 0.009) and P53 expression (P = 0.041) were statistically correlated with recurrence of EC. Recurrence-free survival was better predicted by the proposed nomogram with a C-index of 0.832 (95% CI, 0.752–0.912) in the training cohort, and the validation set confirmed the finding with a C-index of 0.861 (95% CI, 0.755–0.967).ConclusionThe nomogram model combining classical parameters and immunohistochemical markers can better predict the recurrence in patients with FIGO stage I-II EC.
Vaccination and the Risk of Childhood Cancer—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Marron Manuela , Brackmann Lara Kim , Kuhse Pia , Christianson Lara , Langner Ingo , Haug Ulrike , Ahrens Wolfgang 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionInfections may play a role in the etiology of childhood cancer and immunizations may be protective because vaccinations stimulate the immune system. Observational studies reported inconsistent associations between vaccination and risk of childhood cancer. Since a synthesis of the evidence is lacking, we conducted a meta-analysis stratified by histological and site-specific cancer.MethodsWe performed a systematic review (CRD42020148579) following PRISMA guidelines and searched for literature in MEDLINE, Embase, and the Science Citation Index databases. We identified in three literature databases 7,594 different articles of which 35 met the inclusion criteria allowing for 27 analyses of 11 cancer outcomes after exposure to nine different types of vaccinations. We calculated summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using random effects models.ResultsWe observed four inverse associations between childhood leukemia and certain vaccines as well as the number of vaccinations: OR 0.49 (95% CI = 0.32 to 0.74) for leukemia death after bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccination; OR 0.76 (95% CI = 0.65 to 0.90) for acute lymphoblastic leukemia after Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination; OR 0.57 (95% CI = 0.36 to 0.88) for leukemia; and OR 0.62 (95% CI = 0.46 to 0.85) for acute lymphoblastic leukemia after three or more vaccinations of any type. All other conducted analyses did not show any associations.DiscussionThe results are consistent with the hypothesis that vaccinations reduce the risk of childhood leukemia. However, the robustness and validity of these results is limited due to the small number, substantial heterogeneity, and methodological limitations of available studies.
Visual outcomes in Patients with Diabetic Macular Oedema undergoing Cataract Surgery with or without Intravitreal Bevacizumab
Authors: Hassan Mazhar Hassan , Rehman Aziz Ur , Qidwai Umair , Alvi Rashid , Bhatti Nasir , Dawood Ashraf 
Published: January 2021

Aims: To evaluate the efficacy of a single intravitreal bevacizumab injection after cataract surgery for the management of postoperative decrease in vision in patients with diabetic macular oedema.Methods: In this randomised controlled open-label parallel group study of 60 patients with diabetic macular oedema and lens opacity (grade ≥3), 30 eyes received a single intravitreal bevacizumab injection after cataract surgery, and 30 control eyes did not receive bevacizumab. The primary endpoint was change in best-corrected visual acuity 6 weeks after operation compared with that at baseline using the Snellen visual acuity chart.Results: Postoperative visual acuity was significantly different between the group receiving bevacizumab and the control group (p<0.005). All patients in the bevacizumab group had postoperative visual acuities above 6/18 with 27 patients having visual acuities of 6/12 or better compared with 6 patients in the control group. None of the patients in the bevacizumab group had visual acuities less than 6/18 compared with 11 patients in the control group.Conclusion: Intravitreal bevacizumab after cataract surgery appears to be beneficial for preventing postoperative visual loss in eyes with diabetic retinopathy by reducing the risk of macular thickening.
Evaluation of the Clinical Profile and Treatment Outcomes of Ocular and Adnexal Rhinosporidiosis in a Tertiary Eye Care Centre
Authors: Agarwal Prateek , Kim Usha , Arora Vipul 
Published: January 2021

Aim: To describe the demographics, histopathology, treatment modalities, outcomes, and recurrence rates for patients diagnosed with ocular and adnexal rhinosporidiosis.Methods: This prospective descriptive study was conducted at the Department of Orbit, Oculoplasty, and Oncology at a tertiary eye care centre in South India. Fifty patients with a clinical diagnosis of ocular and adnexal rhinosporidiosis who presented from March 2005 to October 2007 were included. All patients underwent complete conjunctival and lid mass excision with cautery, and all patients with rhinosporidiosis of the lacrimal system underwent dacryocystectomy.Results: The mean age at presentation was 30.42 years (SD, 16.89 years; range, 1-70 years). The mean follow-up was 14.2 months (range, 12-18 months). The most common site was the conjunctiva (n = 26; 52%), followed by the lacrimal sac (n = 13; 26%) and the eyelids (n = 11; 22%). There was a single recurrence (2%) involving the lacrimal sac. Endonasal polypectomy and exploration of the sac region was done. There were no further recurrences during subsequent follow-up. The diagnosis was confirmed histopathologically for all patients.Conclusions: Rhinosporidiosis is an ocular disorder with high recurrence rates. Histopathological examination following excision biopsy is recommended for all patients for a conclusive diagnosis. Recurrence rates can be low if complete meticulous excision is performed coupled with cauterization of the lesion.
Optical Coherence Tomography as a Useful Adjunct for Diagnosis and Management of Acute Zonal Occult Outer Retinopathy
Authors: Lim Lik Thai , Shankar Vikas , Blum Robert 
Published: January 2021

Acute zonal occult outer retinopathy is a rare condition that has traditionally been diagnosed by perimetry and electroretinogram. This report is of a 48-year-old man with acute zonal occult outer retinopathy, for which optical coherence tomography aided the diagnosis. Optical coherence tomography can be a useful adjunct for diagnosis and management of acute zonal occult outer retinopathy.
Central Corneal Thickness in Congenital Aniridia and its Role in Glaucoma in an Indian Population
Authors: Agarwal Prateek , Devendra Gopal Gaurav , Shetty Shashikant , Das Krishna , Vijayalakshmi Perumalsamy , Muralidhar Rajamani 
Published: January 2021

Aim: To determine the range and distribution of central corneal thickness in patients with aniridia and compare with age- and sex-matched controls.Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional observational case-control study performed at a tertiary eyecare hospital. All patients diagnosed with aniridia from June 2006 to April 2008 were enrolled. Patients were excluded if they had corneal oedema, central corneal scars, central aniridic keratopathy, or any history or signs suggestive of previous surgery or injury. Central corneal thickness was measured by ultrasoundpachymetry and the mean of 5 measurements per eye was used as the study measurement. The results were compared with those of age- and sex-matched controls.Results: The mean central corneal thickness in the aniridia group was 0.603 mm compared with 0.566 mm in the control group (p = 0.0083).Conclusions: This study has determined the range and distribution of CCT in Indian patients with aniridia and substantiates the fact that patients with aniridia in an Indian cohort also have significantly thicker corneas. This needs to be considered for making accurate IOP measurements in these patients to ascertain the appropriate management.
The use of intravenous pulse-steroid therapy in optic neuropathy from nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Reyes Karen B. , Goh Kong Yong 
Published: January 2021

Although nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is commonly seen in patients from Asia, optic neuropathy is a rare initial presenting symptom of this disease. This is an interventional case report discussing the clinical response of NPC-related optic neuropathy to pulse-steroid therapy. We discuss two patients who initially presented with signs of optic neuropathy. On imaging, a skull-base tumor was noted infiltrating the area of the affected optic nerve. An excision biopsy of the tumor revealed nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Both patients were pulsed with intravenous (IV) methlyprednisolone one gm/day for three days, followed by oral steroids (one mg/kg/BW) with gradual tapering. After two weeks, both showed visual improvement and chemo- and radiation therapy commenced at this time. In these two cases, pulse-steroid therapy did not hinder the chemo- and radiation therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Steroid therapy brought immediate visual recovery and gradual oral tapering could assist in optimizing visual outcomes for patients with compressive optic neuropathy from nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Epidemiology of ocular trauma hospital presentations in Sydney, Australia: insights for management and prevention
Authors: Clark Georgina C , Sandercoe Trent M , Lertsumitkul Somsak , Guzowski Magdalena , McCluskey Peter J 
Published: January 2021

Aim: To facilitate care delivery and injury prevention by investigating the nature and outcomes of ocular trauma presentations to a tertiary care center serving an estimated 1.3 million people. Patients and methods: This is an observational case series, retrospectively analyzed, of all patients that presented to the tertiary care center for management of ocular trauma between 01/01/2006-31/12/2006. Data collected included: patient’s clinical findings, major diagnoses, initial and final visual acuity, whether the injury was work related, whether protective eyewear was worn, and whether the patient required surgery or admission to hospital. A final BCVA < 6/12 was defined as significant visual deficit. Eligible patients were identified prospectively by researchers. Patients underwent standardized clinical assessment. De-identified clinical data was entered into a Microsoft Access database retrospectively and analyzed by separate, blinded researchers. Descriptive statistical analysis was then performed in Microsoft Excel. Analysis based on an ordinal regression model and risk factor analysis was performed in SAS.Results: There were 214 cases of ocular trauma in 197 individuals (17 bilateral injuries). Patients were mostly male (83%) with average age 35. The majority of cases were closed globe injuries (92.1%) with no significant final visual deficit (88.3%). Open globe injuries (7.9%) were more likely to have visual deficit (i.e., 47% with final BCVA < 6/12) (p < 0.01). In total, 13.1% required surgery and 12.1% required admission to hospital. Eye protection was worn in 7.9% of all cases, and 19.1% of work related cases. Nearly one quarter of cases (22.4%) were work related. Open globe injuries were more likely to occur at work. Open globe injuries at work were caused by a metal projectile in 85.7% of cases. Thirty percent of workers suffered a burn, with final BCVA < 6/12 in 10% of burns.Conclusions: While the vast majority of ocular trauma is superficial with low morbidity, trauma persists as a significant cause of visual impairment. Most vision impairing injuries occur at work, where metal projectiles and burns are common, preventable causes of significant vision loss, which could be targeted in prevention efforts.
Ocular metastasis from a rare thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Agahan Archimedes Lee , Carrillo Ryner Jose , Chao Peter Mark , Lising Ramil 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To report a case of primary thyroid carcinoma with ocular metastasis.Methods: This is a case report of a 39-year-old male, who initially presented with a sudden painless loss of vision in the left eye and an anterior neck mass. He was initially diagnosed to have retinal detachment with vitreous hemorrhage based on ocular ultrasound. Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy of the neck mass initially revealed medullary thyroid carcinoma. Computed topography of the chest and abdominal ultrasound revealed lung and liver metastasis. Whole body bone scintigraphy also revealed bone metastasis.Results: Patient underwent total thyroidectomy with bilateral modified radical neck dissection of the neck mass and vitreous biopsy of the left eye. Histopathology report revealed malignant carcinoma of the thyroid, medullary type while vitreous showed malignant cells from the thyroid. Patient was scheduled to undergo chemotherapy for the widespread metastasis.Conclusions: Ocular malignancy can present in many ways, thus it is necessary to consider it as a differential for cases of retinal detachment and vitreous hemorrhage. Choroidal metastasis from malignant thyroid carcinoma is rare, more so the medullary type.
Foreign-body conjunctival granuloma secondary to finger-nail trauma
Authors: Sowmya V. , Nazareth Nelly E.P. , Kamath Vijna B. 
Published: January 2021

A foreign body lodged in the conjunctiva can trigger a granuloma formation. In the past, cilia, caterpillar hair, insect wing and fibers have been reported to incite foreignbody granuloma formation in the eye. Trauma to the eye with finger nail is frequently encountered but goes unnoticed among the pediatric population. Finger-nail trauma to the eye leading to a mass has not been reported in literature. We hereby report a case of conjunctival foreign-body granuloma in a seven-year-old child following finger-nail trauma. Excision biopsy and histopathology of the mass affirmed the diagnosis.
Dietary intake and retinal microvasculature: a systematic review
Authors: Keel Stuart , Koklanis Connie , Vukicevic Meri , Itsiopoulos Catherine , Brazionis Laima 
Published: January 2021

Aims: To summarise the available findings from published research that has focussed on the effect of diet on retinal microvascular characteristics. Design: Systematic review.Methods: A systematic Medline, EMBASE and PubMed search of relevant articles was conducted with coverage from the January 1, 1970 up to the January 10, 2013. Search terms were pilot tested for accuracy and modified. Articles were systematically excluded if the title and abstract were not relevant and full text manuscripts were obtained for all studies that were potentially relevant.Results: After combining all searches, 5370 abstracts were identified and screened. Of these 20 were considered potentially relevant and full articles were retrieved for further evaluation. Eleven of these studies did not meet the inclusion/exclusion criteria, leaving 9 studies to be included in the review.Conclusions: To date, it has been suggested that a low glycemic Index (GI) diet, high dietary fibre intake and regular fish consumption attenuate retinal arteriolar narrowing and retinal venular widening which has been associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Conversely, it has been suggested that a high GI diet may predispose an individual to adverse retinal microvascular changes.
Long term outcome of 5-Fluorouracil(5-FU) augmented bleb needling revision of failed and failing filtration blebs.
Authors: Mitra Arijit , Ramakrishnan R. , Kader Mohideen Abdul 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the long term outcome of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) augmented bleb needling revision of failed and failing filtration blebs based on survival analysis and to identify risk factors for failure, indicators for success and complications.Methods: This was a prospective, interventional case series with survival analysis. 32 eyes of 32 patients underwent bleb needling augmented with 5-FU and were then followed up. Statistical analysis was done to assess the association between study factors and time to failure. Main outcome measures were reduction in IOP (<21 mm of Hg), number of antiglaucoma medications (AGM’s), complications and factors associated with outcome including indicators for success. Results: At one year followup 9 (28. 13%) eyes had IOP <21 mmHg without the use of any antiglaucoma medications. 13 eyes (40. 63%) had qualified success with mean IOP <21 mm Hg after 1 or multiple needlings but with the help of one or more AGM’s (1. 2±0. 4). 10 cases (31. 25%) failed and had to undergo repeat Trabeculectomy or shunt surgery. In the cases which achieved overall success, complete and qualified together (n = 22) the baseline IOP pre needling was 26. 7±8. 2 mmHg which was reduced to 13. 6±4. 6 mmHg at the end of the minimum follow up period of 1 year. The median interval between the “index” filtration surgery and the first (or only) needling procedure was 7. 5 months (Range 3 months to 4 years). Overall reduction in mean number of topical AGM’s was from 2. 68±0. 82 to 0. 82±0. 34. Overall cross sectional success rate at 1 year follow up (complete and qualified) was 68. 76%(n=32) and the overall cross-sectional success rate (complete and qualified) at the 3 year follow up period was 66. 91%(n=24) and 65. 82%(n=16) at 5 year follow up. Strong evidence was found for association between pre needling IOP >28 mm of Hg and failure and immediate attainment of low IOP <11 mmHg and longer survival. None of the other proposed factors were identified as having statistically significant effect. Conclusions: This long term study shows that bleb needling augmented with 5-FU is a safe and effective method by which a significant number of failed or failing filtration blebs can be rescued. Attaining an immediate reduction in IOP <11 mmHg seems to be a favorable factor with respect to reasonably long-term efficacy.