bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of long noncoding RNA by RCK/p54 (LB205)
Authors: Huang Jo‐Hsi , Chen Yen‐Chun , Chu Chia‐Ying 
Published: June 2021

RCK/p54, or DDX6, is a member of the conserved DEAD‐box RNA helicase family, and is encoded by the DDX6 gene in human. Early studies of Dhh1, the yeast homolog of RCK/p54, have shown that that Dhh1 is a core component of cellular decapping machinery and a general translational repressor. In human cells, it has been shown that that RCK/p54 is essential for both miRNA‐mediated and AU‐Rich‐Element‐dependent translational repression. In addition, depletion of RCK/p54 disrupts the formation of P‐bodies, the putative foci of mRNA decay and storage. These results suggest that RCK/p54 is required for translational repression and mRNA turnover. Studies in C.elegans, Drosophila, and Xenopus have also shown that DDX6 homologs function in storage of maternal messages during early development. These findings implicate that RCK/p54 participates in multiple post‐transcriptional gene modulation mechanisms.Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) has recently emerged as essential players in the control of cell fate and the regulation cellular physiology. Extensive studies have been launched to decode the functions of lncRNAs, but fewer studies described the regulation of lncRNAs to date. In this study, we tried to investigate whether lncRNAs, like mRNAs, are subjects to regulation by RCK/p54. Here, we combine RCK/p54 RIP‐seq and RCK/p54‐depletion RNA‐seq for an integrative analysis. Our result provides evidences that RCK/p54 directly interacts with lncRNAs and regulates their function.
Role of protein phosphatase 2A in modulating autophagy and mitophagy (LB220)
Authors: Rice Monica , Dagda Ruben , Strack Stefan 
Published: June 2021

Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a holoenzyme composed of a scaffolding/catalytic dimer that binds to a regulatory (B) subunit which dictates subcellular targeting and substrate specificity of PP2A. The PP2A holoenzymes that modulate autophagy and mitophagy in neurons are not known to date. Bβ2 is a regulatory subunit that redirects PP2A from the cytosol to the mitochondrion to induce mitochondrial fission and apoptosis of neurons. Given that mitochondrial fission precedes mitophagy, we surmised that Bβ2 regulates mitophagy in neurons. To address this hypothesis, we used a combination of cell imaging and biochemical approaches to quantify autophagy and mitophagy in SH‐SY5Y cells transiently expressing the cytosolic regulatory subunit Bβ1 and the mitochondrial regulatory subunits Bβ2 and B56α. Western blot analyses showed that all three PP2A holoenzymes decrease the levels of the autophagosome marker microtubule‐associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3‐II) and prevent further increases in LC3‐II as induced by bafilomycin, a drug used to measure autophagic flux. Although all PP2A holoenzymes decrease the number of GFP tagged LC3 (GFP‐LC3) puncta per cell, confocal analyses show that Bβ2 increases the colocalization GFP‐LC3 puncta with mitochondria. Similar results were observed in COS‐7 cells. Our results suggest that PP2A decreases autophagic flux while PP2A/ Bβ2 promotes mitophagy.Grant Funding Source: P20 GM103554
Sarcolipin interaction with SERCA is distinct from Phospholamban; only Sarcolipin can promote uncoupling of the SERCA pump (LB244)
Authors: Shaikh Sana , Sahoo Sanjaya , Sopariwala Danesh , Bal Naresh , Periasamy Muthu 
Published: June 2021

Sarcolipin (SLN) and Phospholamban (PLB) modulate the activity of the Sarco‐Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) pump, in cardiac and skeletal muscle. Recent data suggest that SLN could play a role in muscle thermogenesis by promoting the uncoupling of SERCA ATP hydrolysis activity from its Ca2+ transport function. However, the mechanistic details of this uncoupling are unknown. In order to define how SLN promotes uncoupling of SERCA, we compared the interaction of SLN and SERCA1, with that of PLB. We used the cross‐linker (1, 6‐bismaleimidohexane (BMH)) to detect dynamic protein interaction during the SERCA cycle. We also performed Ca2+ uptake and ATP hydrolysis assays to study the effect of SLN on SERCA. Our studies reveal that 1) SLN affects the Vmax of SERCA Ca2+ uptake but not the pump affinity for Ca2+ 2) SLN can bind to SERCA in the presence of high [Ca2+] whereas PLB can only interact with the ATP bound, Ca2+ free E2 state and 3) unlike PLB, SLN interacts with SERCA throughout the kinetic cycle and promotes uncoupling of the SERCA pump. Using SERCA transmembrane mutants we additionally show that PLB and SLN can bind to the same groove but interact with different residues on SERCA. These data suggest that SLN is functionally distinct from PLB; its ability to interact with SERCA in the presence of Ca2+ causes uncoupling of the SERCA pump and increased heat production.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH and AHA
Residues near the active site of UCH enzymes that may contribute to isopeptide binding in ubiquitin‐linked substrates (LB257)
Authors: Chaney Joseph , Ronau Judith , Paul Lake , Das Chitta 
Published: June 2021

Ubiquitin carboxyl terminal hydrolase (UCH) enzymes release small peptide and protein leaving groups from the C‐terminus of ubiquitin. Although the interaction with ubiquitin is fairly well understood in these enzymes, recognition of the isopeptide moiety of the substrate at the active site has not been well characterized. The crystal structure of TsUCH37 (T. spiralis) bound to suicide substrate, UbVMe, reveals a conserved tryptophan residue that may play a role in stabilizing the isopeptide linkage in the active site. To study the contribution of this tryptophan residue, the equivalent residue in human UCH37, W55, was mutated to alanine and phenylananine. The phenylalanine mutant retained most of its ubiquitin‐AMC (Ub‐AMC) hydrolysis activity as compared to the wild type enzyme, but the alanine mutant was substantially impaired. The loss of activity with the alanine mutant is not due to any alteration in the three‐dimensional fold of the enzyme. Considering the distance of this tryptophan residue from G76 of ubiquitin (~5 Å), this observation suggests that W55 may be involved in binding to the AMC portion of the Ub‐AMC substrate, which may indicate that it makes contact with the isopeptide moiety in ubiquitin‐linked substrates. This is being further investigated in other members of the UCH family, such as BAP‐1 and UCHL3.Grant Funding Source: Supported by National Institute of Health
Effects of two popular weight loss programs on changes in android and gynoid body composition in women (LB302)
Authors: Simbo S , Coletta A , Mardock M , Lockard B , Bryd B , Jagim A , Kresta JY , Baetge C , Jung YP , Koozehchian M , Khanna D , Kyul H , Oliver JM , Greenwood M , Rasmussen C , Kreider R 
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine if different diet and exercise programs differentially affect android and/or gynoid body composition changes in sedentary women. 54 sedentary women (34±8 yrs, 35±6 kg/m2) were randomized to participate in the Curves (C) or Weight Watchers (W) weight loss programs for 16‐wks. Participants in the C program followed a 1,200 kcal/d diet for 1‐wk and 1,500 kcal/d diet for 3 wks (30:45 CHO:PRO). Subjects then ingested 2,000 kcals/d for 2‐wks (45:30 CHO:PRO) and repeated this diet while participating in the Curves with Zumba program 3‐d‐wk. Remaining subjects followed the W point‐based diet program, received weekly counseling, and were encouraged to exercise. DEXA body composition with android (A) and gynoid (G) measurements were analyzed at 0 and 16 wks. MANOVA revealed a significant time (p<0.001) and group x time (p=0.004) effect. Both groups had similar changes in A‐FM (W ‐419±760, C ‐624±700 g, p=0.31), A‐BF (W ‐2.1±10, C ‐4.9±6 %, p=0.24), and G‐FFM (W ‐639±1,853, C ‐9±1,247 g p=0.16). Differences were seen in A‐FFM (W ‐313±614, C 49±403 g, p=0.02), G‐FM (W ‐395±1,657, C ‐1,398±1,728 g, p=0.03), G‐BF (W ‐0.6±8, C ‐4.2±6 %, p=0.06), and the lean index to height (W ‐2.4±4.6, C 0.5±1.5 kg/m2, p=0.005). Results indicate that different types of diets can differentially affect changes in A and G body compositionGrant Funding Source: Supported by Curves International (Waco, TX)
Dietary changes during a successful weight loss trial in postpartum women (LB314)
Authors: Huseinovic Ena , Winkvist Anna , Bertz Fredrik , Brekke Hilde 
Published: June 2021

Dietary strategies that facilitate weight loss following pregnancy are poorly examined. Our aim was to examine dietary changes during a weight loss intervention in 61 overweight and obese postpartum Swedish women randomized to a 12‐wk dietary (D), exercise (E), combined (DE) or control (C) treatment at 10‐14 wk postpartum. A 4‐d weighed diet record was conducted at baseline, post intervention (12‐wk) and 9 mo later (1‐y). Differences in dietary intake between women receiving Dietary treatment (D+DE, D‐groups) and No Dietary treatment (E+C, ND‐groups) were examined using linear regression. The D‐groups achieved a 1‐y weight loss of 10%. At baseline, 21% had an intake of 500g fruit and vegetables/d while sweets and salty snacks contributed to 20% of total energy intake (E%). At 12‐wk, D‐groups had reduced their intake of sweets and salty snacks, caloric drinks and increased their intake of vegetables more than did ND‐groups (all p<0.01). Further, 45% of the D‐groups and 17% of the ND‐groups demonstrated an intake of 500g fruit and vegetables/d (p<0.05) while sweets and salty snacks contributed to 8 vs 21 E% (p<0.01). At 1‐y, D‐groups had maintained an increased intake of vegetables compared to ND‐groups (p<0.05). Reduced intake of sweets and salty snacks and increased intake of vegetables were distinct dietary changes among women receiving dietary treatment and achieving sustainable weight loss following pregnancy.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare.
Serum albumin varies by tumor stage in cutaneous malignant melanoma (LB347)
Authors: Datta Mridul , Schwartz Gary 
Published: June 2021

High albumin adjusted serum calcium has been reported in several cancers but has not been studied in malignant melanoma. We examined the relationship between serum albumin, total and corrected calcium in malignant melanoma in a cross‐sectional study. Two thousand three hundred six patients with cutaneous melanoma were identified between Jan. 2000 and Dec. 2010 and 644 met our inclusion criteria. At the time of diagnosis, total serum calcium was non‐significantly lower in stage 4 (9.34 mg/dL) vs. stages 1‐3 (9.48‐9.51 mg/dL). Serum albumin was significantly lower in stage 4 (3.92 g/dL; p蠄0.05) than stages 0‐3 (4.09‐4.15 g/dL). Higher albumin corrected serum calcium was observed with increasing melanoma stage (9.45‐9.61 mg/dL). Men but not women showed a significant decrease in serum albumin in stage 4 when compared with stages 1‐3 (p = 0.02). Patients >75 years had significantly lower serum albumin (3.98±0.33 vs 4.16±0.35 g/dL; p<0.001), but higher adjusted calcium (9.64±0.49 vs 9.53±0.43 mg/dL; p=0.03) compared to patients 蠄 75 years. Serum albumin may serve as a biomarker to evaluate disease progression in cutaneous malignant melanoma patients.Grant Funding Source: Dr. Datta is supported by the Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University Cancer Control Traineeship ‐ NCI/NIH Grant# #R25CA122061.
Inhibitory effects in 3T3‐L1 differentiation of anticancer kimchi (LB351)
Authors: Kang Soon Ah , Kim Mi‐Ja , Kim Tae‐Soon , Jang Ki‐Hyo , Cho Eun Ju , Park Kun‐Young 
Published: June 2021

Kimchi is famous health food in the world. It has a high concentration and a wider range of functional and bioactive substances.Many researchers reported that Kimchi has many health benefits such as antioxidant, anti‐cancer, antimicrobial, and anti‐diabetic effects. This study was evaluated using in vitro system anti‐obesity effects of anticancer Kimchi extract were tested in vitro using 3T3‐L1 cells. Oil red o staining of 3T3‐L1 preadipocyte cells treated with 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL anticancer Kimchi extract decreased significantly by 41.4, 61.4, and 71.7%, respectively (p<0.05) compared to those in standard Kimchi treated cells. Furthermore, anticancer Kimchi extract affected the down‐regulation expression patterns of genes such as peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ(PPARγ), adipose‐specific fatty acid binding protein(aP2), glycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase 1(GPD1), and fatty acid synthase(FAS), significantly (p<0.05). Therefore, anticancer Kimchi may be considered for use in preventing fat accumulation.Grant Funding Source: Ministry of Food, Agriculture Forestry
Decrement of triglyceride accumulation of Coriander (LB352)
Authors: Kang Soon Ah , Kim Mi‐Ja , Kim Jong‐Ae , Kim Hyun‐Sook , Jung Kwang_Gyun , Kim Seong‐Hee , Kim Jin‐kyung 
Published: June 2021

Cells were fixed and stained with Oil Red O to assess lipid accumulation. Total lipid and triglyceride contents increased during the cell differentiation. Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is widely cultivated in Russia, Central Europe, North Africa and Asia. It is valued for its medicinal uses. In this study, the antioxidant activities of Coriander were evaluated using in vitro system including DPPH, ABTS, and ORAC methods. Total phenolic contents of Coriander extract were 3.6 μmole quercetin equivalent/g raw sample and EC50 of Coriander extract for scavenging DPPH and ABTS radicals were 5.7 and 8.0 μmole ascorbic acid equivalent/g raw sample, respectively. Triacylglycerol content in 3T3‐L1 preadipocyte cells treated with 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL Coriander extract decreased significantly by 37.0, 55.7, and 69.8%, respectively (p<0.05) compared to those in untreated cells. Also, Coriander extract induced the down‐regulation of adipogenesis‐related genes such as PPARγ, GDP1 and FAS. The Coriander extract showed phenolic compounds with antioxidant ability and had in vitro decrement of triglyceride accumulation on 3T3‐L1 adipocyte cells.Grant Funding Source: Korean government (MEST)
Effects of lycopene supplementation on oxidative stress markers in adipose tissue of obese rats (LB389)
Authors: Luvizotto Renata , Nascimento André , Wang Xiang‐Dong , Yeum Kyung‐Jin , Ferreira Ana Lúcia 
Published: June 2021

Background: Obesity has been associated with oxidative stress, and NADPH oxidase system is known as main source of reactive species. Lycopene is a potent antioxidant. However, it is not known the influence of lycopene on NADPH‐oxidase activity in adipose tissue of obese rats. Objective: To analyze the effects of lycopene supplementation on oxidative stress markers, including NADPH‐oxidase activity, in adipose tissue of diet‐induced obese rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats were first fed with hypercaloric diet (HD, n=14) for 6 weeks and afterwards, these rats were randomly assigned to receive HD (n=7) or HD with lycopene (10 mg/Kg BW/d; HD+L, n=7) by gavage for additional 6 weeks. Adipose tissue was collected for evaluation of NADPH‐oxidase activity and other oxidative stress markers, by HPLC system and immunoassay, respectively. Results: In obesity, lycopene treatment for six weeks decreased protein carbonylation (HD: 5.24 ± 0.77 vs HD+L: 3.78 ± 0.50) in visceral adipose tissue, and 4‐HNE in visceral (HD: 0.43 ± 0.04 vs HD+L: 0.36 ± 0.02) and retroperitoneal (HD: 0.40 ± 0.07 vs HD+L: 0,31 ± 0,02) adipose tissue. Absence of difference in NADPH oxidase activity was found between HD and HD+L groups. Conclusion: Lycopene supplementation decreased lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation and did not interfere in NADPD‐oxidase activity in adipose tissue. These data suggest that lycopene may be an effective strategy in reducing some oxidative stress markers in obesity.Grant Funding Source: Supported by FAPESP #10/06100‐9 and #10/19746‐4
Research on Preparation Process of Collagen Polypeptide from Pig Skin by Two‐Step‐Hydrolysis (LB397)
Authors: Zhang Zhisheng , Li Guijie , Shu Ying , Ren Hui , Liang Chunhui , Jiao Xueqin , Zhao Renbang , Tang Xia , Zhao Congzhi , Chen Feng 
Published: June 2021

In this study, neutral proteinase, alkaline proteinase, and papain were used to hydrolyze fresh pig skin respectively. The effects of pH value ,temperature, enzyme content and substrate content on hydrolysis were studied by the single factor test, and orthogonal design, by assessing the parameter ‐ degree of hydrolysis (DH), was adopted to determine the optimum condition of hydrolysis. The optimal hydrolysis condition of neutral proteinase was: pH 6.5, 45°C, enzymatic content 0.5%, and substrate content 15%; while The optimal hydrolysis condition of alkaline proteinase was: pH 11, 55°C, enzymatic content 0.5%, and substrate content 35%; and the most suitable hydrolysis parameters of papain were: pH 5, temperature of 60°C, 0.9% of enzyme content and 30% of substrate content. The ability of hydrolysis was sequenced as: alkaline proteinase > papain > neutral proteinase. On the basis of the optimum condition of each single proteinase, any two of the proteinases were chosen to hydrolyze fresh pig skin by two‐step‐hydrolysis. The results showed that any combination of the enzymes has a higher DH value than its single component and the adding sequence inflects DH value. Overall, the two‐step‐hydrolysis of papain plus alkaline shows the highest DH value (22.31%).Grant Funding Source: Supported by Science and Technology Department of Hebei Province, project no. 14227114D
Exosomes Pinched from Mesenchymal Stem Cells Overexpressing GATA‐4 Serve as Reservoir for Anti‐apoptotic miRs for Cardioprotection (LB524)
Authors: Yu Bin , Kim Ha Won , Wang Yi‐Gang , Ashraf Muhammad , Xu Meifeng 
Published: June 2021

There is an abundant evidence that exosomes play an important role in intracellular signaling and exert regulatory function through carrying bioactive molecules. This study is aimed to determine whether cardioprotection by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) overexpressing GATA‐4 (MSCGATA‐4) is initiated by exosomes which deliver anti‐apoptotic miRs to regulate the target proteins in recipient cells. Exosomes were isolated and purified from MSCGATA‐4 and the control MSCs (MSCNull). The cell injury was investigated in primary cultured rat neonatal cardiomyocytes (CM) and in rat heart. CM were incubated with exosomes from MSCGATA‐4 (ExoGATA‐4) and MSCNull (ExoNull) under hypoxic environment for 48 hrs. CM survival was significantly increased; the cell apoptosis and LDH release were reduced in CM treated with ExoGATA‐4 compared to ExoNull. ExoGATA‐4 maintained the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) CM. Real‐time PCR indicated that the anti‐apoptotic miRs (e.g. miR‐19a and miR‐451) were highly expressed in MSCGATA‐4 and in ExoGATA‐4. Si‐miR‐19a transfection significantly abolished ExoGATA‐4 mediated cardioprotection. Furthermore, miR‐19 was upregulated and BIM and PTEN were decreased in ExoGATA‐4 treated CM. A rapid internalization of ExoGATA‐4 by CM was observed via time‐lapse images. Direct transplantation of ExoGATA‐4 into the boarder of ischemic myocardium following ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) significantly improved cardiac contractile function and reduced infarct size. ExoGATA‐4 were detected inside damaged cells where the expression of miR‐19a was the highest. It is concluded that ExoGATA‐4 mediated cardioprotection through anti‐apoptotic miRs which reduced apoptosis in the ischemic cells.Grant Funding Source: Supported by National Institutes of Health grants HL105176 and HL114654 (M. Xu).
Laminin‐332 deficient mice present defects during tooth enamel development (LB547)
Authors: Wazen Rima , Moffatt Pierre , Senior Robert , Adair‐Kirk Tracy , Nanci Antonio 
Published: June 2021

The epithelial ameloblasts are separated from the maturing enamel surface by an atypical basal lamina (BL) that is enriched in laminin (Lm)‐332. This heterotrimeric protein (α3, ß3 and γ2 chains) provides structural integrity to BLs and exerts effects on various epithelial cell processes including cell adhesion. Mouse models that lack expression of individual Lm‐332 chains die shortly after birth. However, recently a viable mouse model of Lm‐332 deficiency has been developed which expresses a doxycycline‐controllable human Lm γ2 transgene under the cytokeratin 14 promoter on the Lm γ2 knockout background (PLoS One 7(9):e45546). To investigate the role of Lm‐332 in enamel development, we examined the upper and lower maxillae from ~8‐week‐old wt and Lm‐332 deficient mice. At the light microscope level, incisors from Lm‐332 deficient mice showed severe structural changes at the level of the enamel organ. In decalcified samples, the organic matrix of forming enamel was altered and residual matrix was found throughout the maturation stage, suggesting Lm‐332 is required for both formation and mineralization of enamel. CT‐scans and scanning electron microscope analyses showed that Lm‐332 deficient mice exhibited hypomineralized enamel layer and occlusal surface wear in molars. The alterations in enamel formation observed in this mouse model are similar to those in teeth of patient with junctional epidermolysis bullosa due to Lm‐332 mutations. These mice will be an invaluable tool to study the role of Lm‐332 in enamel formation and better understand the role of the atypical BL found at cell‐enamel interfaces.Grant Funding Source: Supported by CIHR, NIH/NHLBI P01HL029594, Shriners of North America
Centrosomal proteins are reorganized in fused trophoblastic cells. (LB57)
Authors: Omata Waka , Gonzalez Isabel M. , Ackerman William E. , Vandre Dale D. , Robinson John M. 
Published: June 2021

Cell‐cell fusion is a cardinal event in the formation of multinucleate syncytia and is part of the normal biology of the syncytiotrophoblast (STB) layer of the human placenta. We have found numerous differences between non‐fused and fused trophoblastic cells in culture.We have now compared centrosomal proteins and microtubules in non‐fused and fused BeWo cells. In non‐fused BeWo cells, the centrosomal proteins, pericentrin and gamma‐tubulin, were present as one or two perinuclear dot‐like structures. Following forskolin‐induced cell fusion, the immunofluorescence labeling pattern for pericentrin and gamma‐tubulin was dramatically altered and appeared to increase in amount and had a “cloud‐like” distribution. Microtubule nucleation experiments in which microtubules regrow following depolymerization with nocodazole were conducted. In non‐fused cells, microtubules regrow from the single microtubule organization center (MTOC). However, in fused cells there were multiple sites of regrowth corresponding to pericentrin and gamma‐tubulin positive‐foci. Examination of human placental tissue revealed that centrosomal proteins in the STB were distributed in a manner similar to that found in fused BeWo cells while mononuclear cells within the placenta have MTOCs similar to those in non‐fused BeWo cells. Thus the cell culture model recapitulates the novel situation in the tissue.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH RO1HD058084