bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple micronutrient supplementation improves micronutrient status in primary school children in Hai Phong City, Vietnam: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hoang Ngan T. D. , Orellana Liliana , Gibson Rosalind S. , Le Tuyen D. , Worsley Anthony , Sinclair Andrew J. , Hoang Nghien T. T. , Szymlek-Gay Ewa A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe aimed to determine the efficacy of multiple micronutrient supplementation on the biomarkers of iron, zinc, and vitamin A status across anthropometric status categories in Vietnamese school children. In this 22-week randomised controlled trial, 347 undernourished, normal weight, or overweight/obese children aged 6–9 years were allocated to receive every school day a multiple micronutrient supplement (10 mg iron, 10 mg zinc, 400 µg vitamin A) or a placebo. Haematological indices; circulating ferritin, zinc, and retinol (corrected for inflammation); and C-reactive protein were measured at baseline and 22 weeks. At week 22, linear mixed models showed that mean corpuscular volume increased by 0.3 fL, serum ferritin by 9.1 µg/L, plasma zinc by 0.9 µmol/L, and plasma retinol by 15%, and the prevalence of zinc deficiency decreased by 17.3% points in the intervention group compared to placebo. No intervention effects were found for other haematological indices, or the prevalence of anaemia. Multiple micronutrient supplementation for 22 weeks improved the biomarkers of zinc and vitamin A status and some biomarkers of iron status, and reduced the prevalence of zinc deficiency in Vietnamese school children.Trial registration: This trial was registered on 06/09/2016 atwww.anzctr.org.auas ACTRN12616001245482.
Faceted-rough surface with disassembling of macrosteps in nucleation-limited crystal growth
Authors: Akutsu Noriko 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTo clarify whether a surface can be rough with faceted macrosteps that maintain their shape on the surface, crystal surface roughness is studied by a Monte Carlo method for a nucleation-limited crystal-growth process. As a surface model, the restricted solid-on-solid (RSOS) model with point-contact-type step–step attraction (p-RSOS model) is adopted. At equilibrium and at sufficiently low temperatures, the vicinal surface of the p-RSOS model consists of faceted macrosteps with (111) side surfaces and smooth terraces with (001) surfaces (the step-faceting zone). We found that a surface with faceted macrosteps has an approximately self-affine-rough structure on a ‘faceted-rough surface’; the surface width is strongly divergent at the step-disassembling point, which is a characteristic driving force for crystal growth. A ‘faceted-rough surface’ is realized in the region between the step-disassembling point and a crossover point where the single nucleation growth changes to poly-nucleation growth.
The identification of the Rosa S-locus and implications on the evolution of the Rosaceae gametophytic self-incompatibility systems
Authors: Vieira J. , Pimenta J. , Gomes A. , Laia J. , Rocha S. , Heitzler P. , Vieira C. P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn Rosaceae species, two gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) mechanisms are described, the Prunus self-recognition system and the Maleae (Malus/Pyrus/Sorbus) non-self- recognition system. In both systems the pistil component is a S-RNase gene, but from two distinct phylogenetic lineages. The pollen component, always a F-box gene(s), in the case of Prunus is a single gene, and in Maleae there are multiple genes. Previously, the Rosa S-locus was mapped on chromosome 3, and three putative S-RNase genes were identified in the R. chinensis ‘Old Blush’ genome. Here, we show that these genes do not belong to the S-locus region. Using R. chinensis and R. multiflora genomes and a phylogenetic approach, we identified the S-RNase gene, that belongs to the Prunus S-lineage. Expression patterns support this gene as being the S-pistil. This gene is here also identified in R. moschata, R. arvensis, and R. minutifolia low coverage genomes, allowing the identification of positively selected amino acid sites, and thus, further supporting this gene as the S-RNase. Furthermore, genotype–phenotype association experiments also support this gene as the S-RNase. For the S-pollen GSI component we find evidence for multiple F-box genes, that show the expected expression pattern, and evidence for diversifying selection at the F-box genes within an S-haplotype. Thus, Rosa has a non-self-recognition system, like in Maleae species, despite the S-pistil gene belonging to the Prunus S-RNase lineage. These findings are discussed in the context of the Rosaceae GSI evolution. Knowledge on the Rosa S-locus has practical implications since genes controlling floral and other ornamental traits are in linkage disequilibrium with the S-locus.
Global exposure to flooding from the new CMIP6 climate model projections
Authors: Hirabayashi Yukiko , Tanoue Masahiro , Sasaki Orie , Zhou Xudong , Yamazaki Dai 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEstimates of future flood risk rely on projections from climate models. The relatively few climate models used to analyze future flood risk cannot easily quantify of their associated uncertainties. In this study, we demonstrated that the projected fluvial flood changes estimated by a new generation of climate models, the collectively known as Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), are similar to those estimated by CMIP5. The spatial patterns of the multi-model median signs of change (+ or −) were also very consistent, implying greater confidence in the projections. The model spread changed little over the course of model development, suggesting irreducibility of the model spread due to internal climate variability, and the consistent projections of models from the same institute suggest the potential to reduce uncertainties caused by model differences. Potential global exposure to flooding is projected to be proportional to the degree of warming, and a greater threat is anticipated as populations increase, demonstrating the need for immediate decisions.
COVID-19 patients with hypertension are at potential risk of worsened organ injury
Authors: Xia Fei , Zhang Mingwei , Cui Bo , An Wei , Chen Min , Yang Ping , Qin Tao , Zhou Xiaoyang , Liao Yaling , Xu Xin , Liu Shiguo , Li Kuangyu , Zhou Qin , Wang Keke , Hu Guangxu , Du Ming , Chen Songrui , Zhang Yafang , Wei Wei , Xiang Ming , Zhang Jianjun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn less than 6 months, COVID-19 spread rapidly around the world and became a global health concern. Hypertension is the most common chronic disease in COVID-19 patients, but its impact on these patients has not been well described. In this retrospective study, 82 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were enrolled, and epidemiological, demographic, clinical, laboratory, radiological and therapy-related data were analyzed and compared between COVID-19 patients with (29 cases) or without (53 cases) hypertension. The median age of the included patients was 60.5 years, and the cohort included 49 women (59.8%) and 33 (40.2%) men. Hypertension (31 [28.2%]) was the most common chronic illness, followed by diabetes (16 [19.5%]) and cardiovascular disease (15 [18.3%]). The most common symptoms were fatigue (55 [67.1%]), dry cough (46 [56.1%]) and fever ≥ 37.3 °C (46 [56.1%]). The median time from illness onset to positive RT-PCR test was 13.0 days (range 3–25 days). There were 6 deaths (20.7%) in the hypertension group and 5 deaths (9.4%) in the nonhypertension group, and more hypertensive patients with COVID-19 (8 [27.6%]) than nonhypertensive patients (2 [3.8%]) (P = 0.002) had at least one comorbid disease. Compared with nonhypertensive patients, hypertensive patients exhibited higher neutrophil counts, serum amyloid A, C-reactive protein, and NT-proBNP and lower lymphocyte counts and eGFR. Dynamic observations indicated more severe disease and poorer outcomes after hospital admission in the hypertension group. COVID-19 patients with hypertension have increased risks of severe inflammatory reactions, serious internal organ injury, and disease progression and deterioration.
Impressive response to dabrafenib, trametinib, and osimertinib in a metastatic EGFR-mutant/BRAF V600E lung adenocarcinoma patient
Authors: Ribeiro Maurício Fernando Silva Almeida , Knebel Franciele Hinterholz , Bettoni Fabiana , Saddi Rodrigo , Sacardo Karina Perez , Canedo Felipe Sales Nogueira Amorim , Alessi João Victor Machado , Shimada Andrea Kazumi , Marin José Flávio Gomes , Camargo Anamaria Aranha , Katz Artur 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe survival outcomes of the FLAURA trial support osimertinib as the new standard of care for untreated patients harboring activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Despite the initial response, disease progression invariably occurs. Although uncommon, BRAF V600E mutation arises as a unique mechanism of resistance, and thus far, no prospective studies are available to support concurrent EGFR/BRAF blockade. We report a case of impressive radiological and ctDNA response under dabrafenib, trametinib, and osimertinib in an advanced EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma patient who developed BRAF V600E as one of the acquired resistance mechanisms to second-line osimertinib. Moreover, the patient experienced remarkable clinical improvement and good tolerance to combination therapy. The present case suggests the importance of prospective studies evaluating both efficacy and safety of the combination in later line settings and points towards the potential of ctDNA to monitor resistance mechanisms and treatment benefit in clinical practice.
Quantitative linear dichroism imaging of molecular processes in living cells made simple by open software tools
Authors: Bondar Alexey , Rybakova Olga , Melcr Josef , Dohnálek Jan , Khoroshyy Petro , Ticháček Ondřej , Timr Štěpán , Miclea Paul , Sakhi Alina , Marková Vendula , Lazar Josef 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFluorescence-detected linear dichroism microscopy allows observing various molecular processes in living cells, as well as obtaining quantitative information on orientation of fluorescent molecules associated with cellular features. Such information can provide insights into protein structure, aid in development of genetically encoded probes, and allow determinations of lipid membrane properties. However, quantitating and interpreting linear dichroism in biological systems has been laborious and unreliable. Here we present a set of open source ImageJ-based software tools that allow fast and easy linear dichroism visualization and quantitation, as well as extraction of quantitative information on molecular orientations, even in living systems. The tools were tested on model synthetic lipid vesicles and applied to a variety of biological systems, including observations of conformational changes during G-protein signaling in living cells, using fluorescent proteins. Our results show that our tools and model systems are applicable to a wide range of molecules and polarization-resolved microscopy techniques, and represent a significant step towards making polarization microscopy a mainstream tool of biological imaging.
Efficient manipulation of gene dosage in human iPSCs using CRISPR/Cas9 nickases
Authors: Ye Tao , Duan Yangyang , Tsang Hayley W. S. , Xu He , Chen Yuewen , Cao Han , Chen Yu , Fu Amy K. Y. , Ip Nancy Y. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe dysregulation of gene dosage due to duplication or haploinsufficiency is a major cause of autosomal dominant diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. However, there is currently no rapid and efficient method for manipulating gene dosage in a human model system such as human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Here, we demonstrate a simple and precise method to simultaneously generate iPSC lines with different gene dosages using paired Cas9 nickases. We first generate a Cas9 nickase variant with broader protospacer-adjacent motif specificity to expand the targetability of double-nicking–mediated genome editing. As a proof-of-concept study, we examine the gene dosage effects on an Alzheimer’s disease patient-derived iPSC line that carries three copies of APP (amyloid precursor protein). This method enables the rapid and simultaneous generation of iPSC lines with monoallelic, biallelic, or triallelic knockout of APP. The cortical neurons generated from isogenically corrected iPSCs exhibit gene dosage-dependent correction of disease-associated phenotypes of amyloid-beta secretion and Tau hyperphosphorylation. Thus, the rapid generation of iPSCs with different gene dosages using our method described herein can be a useful model system for investigating disease mechanisms and therapeutic development.
Molecular and phenotypic analysis of rodent models reveals conserved and species-specific modulators of human sarcopenia
Authors: Börsch Anastasiya , Ham Daniel J. , Mittal Nitish , Tintignac Lionel A. , Migliavacca Eugenia , Feige Jérôme N. , Rüegg Markus A. , Zavolan Mihaela 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSarcopenia, the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, affects 5–13% of individuals aged over 60 years. While rodents are widely-used model organisms, which aspects of sarcopenia are recapitulated in different animal models is unknown. Here we generated a time series of phenotypic measurements and RNA sequencing data in mouse gastrocnemius muscle and analyzed them alongside analogous data from rats and humans. We found that rodents recapitulate mitochondrial changes observed in human sarcopenia, while inflammatory responses are conserved at pathway but not gene level. Perturbations in the extracellular matrix are shared by rats, while mice recapitulate changes in RNA processing and autophagy. We inferred transcription regulators of early and late transcriptome changes, which could be targeted therapeutically. Our study demonstrates that phenotypic measurements, such as muscle mass, are better indicators of muscle health than chronological age and should be considered when analyzing aging-related molecular data.
Bridgehead effect and multiple introductions shape the global invasion history of a termite
Authors: Blumenfeld Alexander J. , Eyer Pierre-André , Husseneder Claudia , Mo Jianchu , Johnson Laura N. L. , Wang Changlu , Kenneth Grace J. , Chouvenc Thomas , Wang Shichen , Vargo Edward L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNative to eastern Asia, the Formosan subterranean termiteCoptotermes formosanus(Shiraki) is recognized as one of the 100 worst invasive pests in the world, with established populations in Japan, Hawaii and the southeastern United States. Despite its importance, the native source(s) ofC. formosanusintroductions and their invasive pathway out of Asia remain elusive. Using ~22,000 SNPs, we retraced the invasion history of this species through approximate Bayesian computation and assessed the consequences of the invasion on its genetic patterns and demography. We show a complex invasion history, where an initial introduction to Hawaii resulted from two distinct introduction events from eastern Asia and the Hong Kong region. The admixed Hawaiian population subsequently served as the source, through a bridgehead, for one introduction to the southeastern US. A separate introduction event from southcentral China subsequently occurred in Florida showing admixture with the first introduction. Overall, these findings further reinforce the pivotal role of bridgeheads in shaping species distributions in the Anthropocene and illustrate that the global distribution ofC. formosanushas been shaped by multiple introductions out of China, which may have prevented and possibly reversed the loss of genetic diversity within its invasive range.
Direct observation of knock-on reaction with umbrella inversion arising from zero-impact-parameter collision at a surface
Authors: Timm Matthew J. , Leung Lydie , Anggara Kelvin , Polanyi John C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn Surface-Aligned-Reactions (SAR), the degrees of freedom of chemical reactions are restricted and therefore the reaction outcome is selected. Using the inherent corrugation of a Cu(110) substrate the adsorbate molecules can be positioned and aligned and the impact parameter, the collision miss-distance, can be chosen. Here, substitution reaction for a zero impact parameter collision gives an outcome which resembles the classic Newton’s cradle in which an incident mass ‘knocks-on’ the same mass in the collision partner, here F + CF3 → (CF3)′ + (F)′ at a copper surface. The mechanism of knock-on was shown by Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy to involve reversal of the CF3 umbrella as in Walden inversion, with ejection of (F)′ product along the continuation of the F-reagent direction of motion, in collinear reaction.
Phase transitions and stability of dynamical processes on hypergraphs
Authors: Ferraz de Arruda Guilherme , Tizzani Michele , Moreno Yamir 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHypergraphs naturally represent higher-order interactions, which persistently appear in social interactions, neural networks, and other natural systems. Although their importance is well recognized, a theoretical framework to describe general dynamical processes on hypergraphs is not available yet. In this paper, we derive expressions for the stability of dynamical systems defined on an arbitrary hypergraph. The framework allows us to reveal that, near the fixed point, the relevant structure is a weighted graph-projection of the hypergraph and that it is possible to identify the role of each structural order for a given process. We analytically solve two dynamics of general interest, namely, social contagion and diffusion processes, and show that the stability conditions can be decoupled in structural and dynamical components. Our results show that in social contagion process, only pairwise interactions play a role in the stability of the absorbing state, while for the diffusion dynamics, the order of the interactions plays a differential role. Our work provides a general framework for further exploration of dynamical processes on hypergraphs.
Exploring the interactions betweenLactobacillus rhamnosusGG and whey protein isolate for preservation of the viability of bacteria through spray drying
Authors: Lu Wenjie , Fu Nan , Woo Meng Wai , Chen Xiao Dong 
Published: February 2021

WPI-treated LGG showed enhanced thermotolerance, with reduced survival and activity after spray drying. WPI treatment might trigger cellular response, causing a decline in metabolic activity and further reducing the stability of cell surface charge.
The dynamical creation/annihilation of a Dp-brane from D(p − 2) branes
Authors: Zhu Xiaoying 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We discuss how to generate a dynamical Dp-brane with a topology of

R

p
−
2

×

S

2

from N D(p − 2)-branes with

R

p
−
2

topology with or without the presence of a constant RR (p + 2)-form flux. This extends the previous work (Chen and Lu 2004 arXiv:hep-th/0405265) of generating a dynamical spherical D2 brane from N D0 branes in a constant RR four-form flux to a general p. In particular, dynamically generating a higher dimensional brane from lower dimensional ones does not necessarily need the presence of a relevant RR background flux but needs excess energy, lending support to the spacetime uncertainty principle. The time evolution of the dynamical p-brane for a general p remains the same as for the p = 2 case, however there is a class of spatial dependent Dp configurations when p ≥ 3. Some of these spatial-dependent Dp brane configurations and their properties have been discussed previously which can also be obtained from the time-dependent one by euclideanizing the time. Properties of the spatial-dependent solutions and their relations to the corresponding brane-anti brane system are discussed.
Planning of Charging Facilities Considering Terrain Characteristics
Authors: Yi Long , Xianjun Zeng , Peng Kang , Ping Zhou , Chenxu Zhao , Fangxing Chen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The existing studies on the planning of charging facilities generally neglect the influence of terrain characteristics. First, this study quantifies the transportation characteristics based on the relative height to calculate the travel energy consumption of electric vehicles (EVs) users. Then, the charging demand of EVs is estimated and assigned according to urban traffic flow. Finally, a land purchasing coefficient is proposed based on a functional agglomeration phenomenon. The coefficient is integrated into formulating a planning model with the objective of minimising the total annual social costs. Numerical experiments are conducted to validate the novel planning method. The experimental results verify that the terrain characteristics increase users’ travel energy consumption and limit their driving range.
Construction of plug-and-play local protection system for smart substation
Authors: Chao Wujie , Tang Zhijun , Lin Guodong , Hu Wenwang , Zhuang Li , Xu Jie 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper studies the application of plug-and-play location-based protection device in smart substation, introduces the hardware and software design scheme of smart substation plug-and-play location-based protection device, in order to improve the environmental adaptability and operation reliability of smart substation protection device, and reduce the operation cost of substation. In order to improve the protection performance and operation reliability of smart substation, the practicability and effectiveness of plug and play local-based protection device and intelligent management unit software are verified.
Optimal Design of Photovoltaic MPPT Disturbance Step Length in a Rapidly Changing Environment
Authors: Guo Kunli , Liu Luyu , Yan Dong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The traditional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm can not track the maximum power point (MPP) quickly and accurately in the environment of rapidly changing illumination amplitude. In this paper, based on the basic circuit model of solar cell, the small signal model between the disturbance step size of MPPT algorithm near the maximum power point and the intensity of light irradiance, ambient temperature, working voltage and working current is used, and then the MPPT duty cycle disturbance is modelled and analysed. The simulation results show that the model proposed in this paper clarifies the mechanism of the disturbance step size of MPPT algorithm in the environment of rapidly changing illumination amplitude. It also provides a theoretical basis for the design of subsequent disturbance step size.
Tie-line Power Adjustment Method Based on Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Hou Jinxiu , Yu Zhihong , Zheng Qingping , Xu Huating , Li Shufang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The tie-line power adjustment is an essential part of the power system operation state calculation. Various existing algorithms to solve the tie-line power adjustment problem are mainly implemented by introducing tie-line power equation constraints into conventional power flow calculations. Such methods have low calculation efficiency, not enough automation, and are prone to non-convergence in the power flow calculation. In this paper, the tie-line power adjustment problem is formulated as a Markov decision process, and the proximal policy optimization algorithm is introduced to optimize the decision policy. In order to enhance the effectiveness of the proposed method, a new deep neural network structure suitable for the proximal policy optimization algorithm is designed. The proposed method is verified with the IEEE 39-bus system.