bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coronavirus disease 2019 infection and pituitary apoplexy: A causal relation or just a coincidence? A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Kamel Walaa A. , Najibullah Mustafa , Saleh Mamdouh S. , Azab Waleed A. 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Pituitary tumor apoplexy (PA) is an emergency condition caused by hemorrhage or infarction of the preexisting adenoma. Many factors are currently well-known to predispose to PA. However, during the period of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, case reports of PA associated with COVID-19 infection have been sequentially published. To the best of our knowledge, four cases have been reported so far in the English literature. We herein report the fifth case of this association and review the pertinent literature.

Case Description:
A 55-year-old male patient with confirmed COVID-19 infection presented by progressive decrease in visual acuity and oculomotor nerve palsy. His medical history is notable for diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and pituitary macroadenoma resection 11 years ago. He was on hormonal replacement therapy for panhypopituitarism that complicated the surgery. Previous magnetic resonance (MR) imaging studies were consistent with enlarging residual pituitary adenoma. During the current hospitalization, computed tomography revealed hyperdensity of the sellar and suprasellar areas. MR imaging revealed PA in a recurrent large adenoma. Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal resection was uneventfully undertaken with near total excision of the adenoma and partial improvement of visual loss and oculomotor palsy. Histopathological examination demonstrated classic features of PA. However, his chest condition progressed and he had to be transferred to COVID-19 intensive care unit in the referring hospital where he was intubated and put on mechanical ventilation. One week later, the patient unfortunately passed away due to complications of severe COVID-19 pneumonia.

Conclusion:
We report the fifth case of PA associated with COVID-19 infection. Based on our patient’s clinical findings, review of the other reported cases, as well as the available literature, we put forth a multitude of pathophysiological mechanisms induced by COVID-19 that can possibly lead to the development of PA. In our opinion, the association between both conditions is not just a mere coincidence. Although the histopathological features of PA associated with COVID-19 are similar to PA induced by other etiologies, future research may disclose unique pathological fingerprints of COVID-19 virus that explains its capability of inducing PA.
S-100-negative, GNA11 mutation-positive intramedullary meningeal melanocytoma of the thoracic spine: A radiographic challenge and histologic anomaly
Authors: Flores Alex , Gadot Ron , Noorbhai Ibrahim , Hall Hayden , Heck Kent Alan , Raper Daniel Matthew Sholto , Xu David , Karas Patrick , Mandel Jacob J. , Ropper Alexander Eli 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Intramedullary melanocytomas are exceedingly rare and their management is largely based on case reports and small clinical series. They have characteristic imaging and histologic findings that can aid in their diagnosis. Genetic testing may be required for definitive diagnosis and management guidance in ambiguous cases.

Case Description:
We present the case of a thoracic intramedullary meningeal melanocytoma in a patient unable to undergo an MRI.

Conclusion:
This is the first reported S-100-negative case with genetic testing to support the diagnosis of a rare intramedullary melanocytoma.
A case of Wilson disease with the ATP7B mutation presenting movement disorders
Authors: Van Nguyen Huong , Nguyen Diep Ngoc , Nguyen Huong Thi 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Wilson disease is an autosomal recessive condition manifested when abnormal copper accumulation in the body particularly involving many organs such as brain, liver, and cornea. Diagnosis is challenging with the completion of tests in blood and urine, a liver biopsy, and clinical evaluation. ATP7B mutations with more than 600 identified variants are the genetic disorders of Wilson disease.

Case Description:
We report an adolescent case with no family history presented with extrapyramidal dyskinesia. Other symptoms include liver cirrhosis and Kayser–Fleischer ring. The typical presentation of blood test results and brain MRI images helps us to suspect Wilson disease in this case. We confirmed to have a p.R778L form and a p.S105X form in ATP7B mutations. After combining therapy with trihexyphenidyl and trientine, the patient’s medical condition was stable and no side effects were observed.

Conclusion:
Screening for the diagnosis of Wilson disease is essential in helping patients benefit from early treatment and genetic counseling.
Rare incidence of tension pneumocephalus 2 months after repeat microvascular decompression
Authors: Lim Jaims , Nyabuto Elizabeth , Vakharia Kunal , Levy Elad I. 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Tension pneumocephalus is a rare complication after intracranial procedures and craniotomy. We report a rare case of intraventricular and subdural tension pneumocephalus occurring 2 months after repeat right-sided microvascular decompression (MVD) for recurrent trigeminal neuralgia.

Case Description:
The patient in this case was a 79-year-old woman who presented with acute-onset confusion, headaches, nausea, and vomiting. On computed tomography, substantial volumes of pneumocephalus in the fourth ventricle and subdural space at the site of the retrosigmoid exposure for the previous MVD were seen. She underwent emergent wound exploration, and no obvious dural defect or exposed mastoid air cells were identified. The dura was reopened, and the surgical site was copiously irrigated. Mastoid air cells were covered with ample amounts of bone wax, and the wound was closed. The patient recovered well postoperatively with complete resolution of the pneumocephalus by her 3-month follow-up evaluation.

Conclusion:
It is important to assess for cerebrospinal fluid leakage and that air cells are sealed off before wound closure to prevent a pathway for air to egress into the surgical cavity and corridor.
Deadly complication of sacrificing superior petrosal vein during cerebellopontine angle tumor resection: A case report and literature review
Authors: Haq Irwan Barlian Immadoel , Permana Andhika Tomy , Susilo Rahadian Indarto , Wahyuhadi Joni 
Published: June 2021

Background:Tumors of the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) are challenging to resect and have been proven difficult for neurosurgeons to manage optimally. Superior petrosal vein complex (SPVC) as the main drainage system and close proximity to CPA could be an obstacle during operation. There is an incidence ranging from 55% to 84% of injury to one part of the SPVC during CPA tumor surgery.Case Description:We report a case of 65-year-old woman with CPA tumor, who complained of unilateral hearing loss, dizziness, and facial pain. During tumor resection, one part of SPV complex was injured, then cerebellar edema develops.Conclusion:This case provides an overview of surgical complication associated with venous sacrifice. This would support the agreement to preserve SPV regarding risks and improve the quality of surgical decision making.
Upaya Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam Mengembangkan Keaktifan Belajar Peserta Didik pada Pembalajaran Jarak Jauh
Authors: Rahayu Rizcka Fatya , Dahlan R M. 
Published: June 2021

Dampak dari adanya pembelajaran jarak jauh peserta didik mengalami kejenuhan belajar, sehingga menurunnya keaktifan belajar peserta didik saat proses pembelajaran. Oleh karena itu guru pendidikan agama Islam harus berupaya untuk mengembangkan kembali keaktifan belajar dan minat belajar peserta didik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengembangkan keaktifan belajar peserta didik pada pembalajaran jarak jauh. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian studi kasus, yaitu merupakan metode untuk mengumpulkan dan menganalisis data suatu kasus tertentu. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu berbagai upaya guru pendidikan agama Islam dalam mengembangkan keaktifan belajar peserta didik pada pembalajaran jarak jauh meliputi: membuat group whatsapp, memotivasi siswa, mengadakan pembelajaran tatap muka setiap pekan, mengadakan pertemuan dengan orang tua wali murid, dan melakukan home visit. Temuan penelitian ini berimplikasi pada teori upaya guru dalam mengaktifkan belajar anak di masa pandemi dan di harapkan para guru pendidikan agama Islam bisa lebih meningkatkan strategi mengajarnya.
Ozone in Dentistry: A Review
Authors: Vinit Kumar  , Chandni  
Published: June 2021

Ozone (O3) is a natural gaseous molecule made up of three oxygen atoms. It leads to lyses of the cell membrane of most of the bacteria that causes dental problems due to its oxidant and oxidizer properties. Ozone therapy opens a new vista in treatment of dental problems due to its atraumatic, biologically based treatment. This review explores the use of ozone in dentistry.
Adaptive Streaming Server dengan FFMPEG dan Golang
Authors: Kristiadi David , Marwiyati  
Published: June 2021

Quality of experience (QoE) when accessing video streaming becomes a challenge in varieties of network bandwidth/speed. Adaptive streaming becomes an answer to gain good QoE. An architecture system of the adaptive streaming server with Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) was proposed. The system was consists of two services e.g transcoding and streaming. Transcoding service encodes an audio file, multi-bitrates video files, and manifest.mpd files. Streaming service serves client streaming requests that appropriate to client network profiles. The system is built using the Golang programming environment and FFMPEG. Transcoding service has some execution mode (serial and concurrent) and passing mode (1 pass and 2 passes). The transcoding service test results show that concurrent execution is faster 11,5% than the serial execution and transcoding using 1 pass is faster 46,95% than 2 passes but the bitrate of output video lower than the determinate bitrate parameter. The streaming service has a good QoE. In the 5 scenarios, buffer level=0 happens 5 times, and its total duration is 64 seconds. Buffer level=0 happens when extreme changes happen in network speed from fast to too slow.
Cardiac Surgery of Complicated Forms of Coronary Artery Disease: Features of the Perioperative Period in High-Risk Patients
Authors: Gogayeva O. K. 
Published: June 2021

The aim. To analyze the features of the perioperative period in high-risk patients with complicated forms of coronary artery disease (CAD).
Material and methods. Retrospective analysis of 160 patients with CAD who were operated and discharged from the National Amosov Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery of the NAMS of Ukraine in the period from January 2009 to December 2019. All the patients underwent electrocardiography, echocardiography, coronary ventriculography and surgical revascularization with correction of concomitant cardiac pathology.
Results. One hundred thirty two (37.2%) patients were diagnosed with postinfarction left ventricular aneurysm (LVA), 12 (3.3%) with mitral regurgitation of ischemic origin, 16 (4.5%) patients had combination of CAD with aortic valve stenosis. Risk stratification by the ES II scale revealed the average risk of death of 10.08%. Surgery was performed in all the patients on day 5.7±4.7 of hospitalization. In 159 (99.3%) patients the operations were on-pump. There weak was direct correlation (r =0.29) between the dependence of the length of stay in the intensive care unit and the initial severity of the patient’s condition by the ES II scale. A weak direct correlation was found between the severity of the patient’s condition by the scales ES II (r =0.24, p=0.0022), STS (r =0.16, p=0.0325) and the time of discharge which was on 9.5±5.06 days in average. All the interventions were performed by experienced cardiac surgeons, with 25.3±14.1 years of experience in surgical treatment of CAD.
Conclusions. Despite the high predicted mortality, 10.08% by the ES II scale, mortality in the studied group was 0%. In order to prevent complications, the management of patients in the perioperative period requires a clear algorithm of action and timely compensation of comorbidity at all stages of the patient’s stay in the cardiac surgery facility.
CONFLICT IN NICHOLAS SPARKS’ THE NOTEBOOK
Authors: Dewi Ratna Sari , Arifuddin Arifuddin , Rosalina Afni 
Published: June 2021

The objectives of this paper are to identify the conflicts revolving around the main characters in The Notebook, to describe and to explain how the main characters are able to deal with the conflicts in The Notebook. Conflict as a concept can explain many aspects of social life such as social disagreement, conflict of interests and fight between individuals, groups or organization. Conflict in literature refers to the different drives of the characters or forces involved. Conflict may be internal or external. This paper uses descriptive qualitative and library research methods as the topic deals with social matter, that is conflict, in a novel. Social matter is in the realm of descriptive qualitative approach so this method deserves to be applied. The results show that there are four kinds of conflicts: man against man, man against society, man against nature, and man against self and the main cause of the conflicts is love and with love the conflicts are resolved by the main characters.
SWEARING WORDS ON YOUTUBE COMMENT COLUMN IN CNN POLITICAL NEWS
Authors: Lubis Febby Halimah , Hanafiah Ridwan , Putri Dian Marisha 
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to identify the types of swearing words and the reasons of swearing words that are used on YouTube comment column. This study conducted a descriptive qualitative research. The source of the data was taken from comment column of video uploaded by CNN about political news on YouTube. In analyzing the data, the researchers employed the theory proposed by Lakoff (1975) in order to identify the types of swearing word and the theory of Andersson (in Karjalainen, 2002:23) in order to describe the reasons of swearing word. The result of this study revealed that there were two types of swearing word, which were strong and weak swearing word and three reasons of swearing words, which were psychological, social and linguistic motive. The most dominant type was strong swearing word and the most dominant reasons of using swearing word was psychological motive. The word fuck as the powerful taboo word was the most dominant word contained in the expressions of swearing word.
WASHBACK AND THE ASSESSMENT PRACTICES OF ESL INSTRUCTORS AT JAPANESE UNIVERSITY
Authors: Hughes Lee 
Published: June 2021

This study investigated awareness among native-English instructors teaching English to first year freshman students studying English at a university in Japan, and the potential effects of their chosen methods of oral evaluation on washback. Washback effect refers to the impact of testing – whether positive or negative - on teaching practices, curriculum design, and learning behaviors. Oral washback, in particular, in evaluation has seen increased importance in recent years, with more consideration given to how to provide positive oral washback in evaluations to ensure that they are as effective as possible in improving English levels. A mixed methods approach was used – a survey and interviews – with five instructors to find out about how they assess their students and how aware and how much attention they gave to possible washback effects of their chosen methods of evaluation. It was found that there is quite a variance among different instructors and knowing more about how to promote more positive oral washback to be useful in improving evaluation methods used.
RACIAL INEEUQALITY AND SEXIST OPPRESSION IN TONI MORRISON'S BELOVED
Authors: Rashid Amina , Rana Md. Masud 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study examines the construction of racialized society and gendered identities in fictional text of Morrison's Beloved. The research aim is to analyze and explore how these identities are constructed in Beloved by using a feminist approach. We find that the imposed ideal of femininity is absorbed and patriarchy is assumed. Female’s black characteristics are repressed both intra-communally and inter-communally. In the former, black female characters are not ‘fitted’ to white femininity as they strive for identity crisis even among the blacks. In the latter, they are whim of male dominance-subject of incest, rape and seduction. Though, women are doubly repressed, it is not the racial discrimination that threatens and jeopardizes black women identity rather a sheer domination of patriarchal power from within and without exaggerating debasing women life among the whites. Therefore, this paper reflects on the manifestation of femininity and patriarchy in a radicalized society and how these two interact in women life in Morison's Beloved.
UNINTELLIGIBLE SPEECH: LISTENERS' AWARENESS TO INDONESIAN-ACCENTED SPEECH WITH PRONUNCIATION ERRORS
Authors: Zahro Syifa' Khuriyatuz 
Published: June 2021

There have been widely exposed researches that analyze accented and intelligible speech of foreign language; yet, the study concerning listeners' awareness of the pronunciation errors is hardly found. Therefore, the current study aims to find out segmental features and the source of errors that have caused unintelligible speech of Indonesian-accented speech and describe the listeners' awareness of the errors. This descriptive qualitative research investigates listeners' transcripts of Indonesian-accented speeches through purposive sampling. The standard orthography transcripts are then transformed into phonemic transcripts. They are analyzed by error analysis based on phonological operation by Davenport and Hannahs. The result is further checked by the listeners to generate their awareness of the errors through interviews. There are consonants causing unintelligibility more than vowels. Furthermore, it is found that there are six pronunciation features affecting listeners' awareness of speakers' pronunciation errors: 1) aspiration, 2) spelling system, 3) blended phonemes, 4) absent phonemes, 5) different articulation, and 6) homophone in the research.
DIATHESIS IN SILADANG LANGUAGE
Authors: Siwi Purwanto , Ekalestari Susi 
Published: June 2021

This paper is to reveal diathesis in Siladang language. Diathesis is a grammatical category that shows the relationship between the participant or subject and the action stated by the verb in the clause. In general, the languages of the world have an active-passive diathesis strategy. This research applies the theory of diathesis proposed by Lyon and adopts descriptive qualitative method in which comparative and inductive treatments are made to the collected data through phenomenological approach. The data (Siladang language) are collected from 2223 informants (native speakers of Siladang language) who live in Sipaga-paga Village and 2006 informants who live in Aek Banir Village. Then, the data are classified based on the language features in universal language empirically. This research shows that Sialdang language has an active-passive diathesis which is one of the important characteristics in an accusative typological language. Apart from having an active-passive diathesis, Siladang language also has a medial diathesis.
Türkiye’de Çiftçilerin Gelir Güvencesizliği Riskine Karşı “TARSİM”: Manisa Örneği
Authors: METİN Ergün 
Published: June 2021

Son yıllarda küresel ısınmaya bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan iklim değişikleri öngörülemeyen doğal afetleri de beraberinde getirmiştir. Doğal afetlerden en çok etkilenen sektör ise üretimin iklim koşullarına bağlı olarak gerçekleştirildiği tarım sektörüdür. Devletler için stratejik öneme sahip olan tarım sektörünün başta doğal afetler olmak üzere karşı karşıya olduğu risklere karşı korunması amacıyla devlet destekli tarım sigortaları sistemi kullanılmaktadır. Türkiye’de de 14 Haziran 2005 tarihli 5363 sayılı tarım Sigortaları Kanunu ile birlikte Tarım Sigortaları Havuzu kurulmuştur.
Bu çalışma, çiftçilerin gelirlerini güvence altına almak için tarım sigortası yaptırıp yaptırmadığını ve tarım sigortalarının doğal afetler nedeniyle ürünleri zarar gören çiftçilere ne düzeyde gelir güvencesi sağladığını ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılarak Manisa’da çiftçilikle uğraşan 23 kişiyle görüşülmüştür. Görüşmeler yarı yapılandırılmış derinlemesine mülakat şeklinde yapılmıştır.
Araştırma bulguları çiftçilerin tarım sigortası yaptırma kararına gelirini güvence altına alma isteği ve devlet desteği verilmesi faktörlerinin etki ettiğini göstermektedir. Sigorta yaptırmama kararının altında ise gelir yetersizliği, primlerin yüksek oluşu ve bilgi sahibi olunmaması gibi faktörler yatmaktadır. Ayrıca tarım sigortalarının üreticilerin doğal afetler sonucunda oluşan gelir kayıplarını karşıladığı da bulgulanmıştır.
Adaptación y confiabilidad inter-observador de un protocolo para evaluar la disponibilidad de alimentos en supermercados en Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: Elorriaga Natalia , Cavallo Ana Soledad , Moyano Daniela Luz , Irazola Vilma 
Published: June 2021

Introducción: La Red Internacional para la Investigación, Monitoreo y Apoyo a la Acción para la Alimentación, Obesidad y Enfermedades No Transmisibles (INFORMAS por su sigla en inglés) ha desarrollado el Protocolo para evaluar la Disponibilidad de Alimentos en Supermercados.
Objetivos: Describir el proceso de adaptación del protocolo para utilizarlo en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires (BA) y evaluar la variabilidad inter-observador al aplicarlo en supermercados de la ciudad.
Metodología: El principal indicador del protocolo es la disponibilidad relativa de alimentos saludables (AS) vs. no saludables (ANS), calculado como el cociente entre la longitud (m) de estantes asignados a AS y ANS (longitudAS/ANS). Se adaptó la selección de alimentos a incluir en el indicador para utilizarlo en BA. Para explorar el funcionamiento del indicador se construyó una referencia, midiendo todos los alimentos y bebidas ofrecidos en 5 supermercados, que se clasificaron en AS y ANS según las guías alimentarias argentinas. El indicador se comparó con la disponibilidad relativa calculada a partir de la referencia. Para evaluar la confiabilidad inter-observador dos observadores realizaron mediciones en tres supermercados y se calculó el coeficiente de correlación intra-clase (CCI).
Resultados: Según la referencia, el cociente longitudAS/ANS varió entre 0,16 y 0,61, con una media de 0,34 (DE 0,18). El indicador adaptado produjo resultados similares con una diferencia media de -0,05 (DE 0,04). El CCI entre la mediciones de ambos observadores resultó 0,92 (IC95% 0,86-0,98).
Conclusión: Se adaptó el protocolo para aplicarlo en BA, con modificaciones en los alimentos a evaluar y una adecuada confiabilidad inter-observador.