bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Порушення регуляторних механізмів серцевої діяльності при етаноловому пошкодженні печінки у щурів із різною емоційністю
Authors: Kostyuk O. A. , Denefil O. V. , Pelykh V. E. 
Published: March 2021

Мета роботи: встановити особливості регуляції серцево-судинної системи автономною нервовою системою при етаноловому пошкодженні печінки у високо- і низькоемоційних щурів-самців.
Матеріали і методи. Досліди виконано на 192 білих безпородних високо- і низькоемоційних щурах-самцях (ВЕ і НЕ). Емоційність щурів визначали за методом “відкрите поле”. Усіх щурів поділили на групи: контроль, глюкоза 7 днів, етаноловий гепатит (ЕГ); глюкоза 67 днів, етаноловий гепатоз (Гз), етаноловий фіброз (ЕФ), етаноловий цироз (ЕЦ). Оцінювали стан центральної гемодинаміки, автономної регуляції серцевим ритмом, морфологічні зміни у серці.
Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Етанолове пошкодження призвело до порушення автономної регуляції серцевого ритму, гемодинаміки та морфологічних змін, що залежало від модельованої патології та емоційності щурів. ЕГ спричинив збільшення варіаційного розмаху, змін кровонаповнення, периферійного опору судин, що більше виражено у ВЕ. У ВЕ при ЕГз зросла мода, зменшилася амплітуда моди, при ЕФ та ЕЦ зменшилася мода, вираженіші морфологічні зміни. У НЕ при ЕГз зросла мода, при ЕФ зменшився варіаційний розмах, були більше виражені компенсаторні гемодинамічні зміни.
Етанолове пошкодження організму щурів призводить до порушення автономної регуляції серцевого ритму та гемодинаміки. Гострий етаноловий гепатит призводить до активації вагусних впливів на серцеву діяльність, порушення кровонаповнення, підвищується периферійний опір судин. Дисфункціональні зміни центральної гемодинаміки та морфологічні зміни вираженіші у ВЕ тварин. При етаноловому гепатозі зменшуються симпатичні регуляторні впливи на серце. При етаноловому фіброзі та цирозі печінки у ВЕ щурів зростають симпатичні впливи, при фіброзі у НЕ зменшуються вагусні впливи. При цьому компенсаторні гемодинамічні зміни більше виражені у НЕ, а морфологічні – у ВЕ.
Абдомінальна травма
Authors: Zaporozhan S. Y. , Khomenko V. S. 
Published: March 2021

Абдомінальна травма, без сумніву, є однією з найбільш складних розділів хірургії. Постійне зростання показників травматизму призводить до інвалідизації та смертності постраждалих, що підкреслює соціальну значущість проблеми. Тяжкість клінічного перебігу травматичної хвороби, яка характеризується пошкодженням кісткової системи та травматичних ушкоджень органів черевної порожнини, характеризують дану проблему як один з найскладніших розділів невідкладної хірургії. Cмертність від ізольованої тупої травми живота становить близько 5 %. Своєчасна та рання діагностика ушкоджень можуть реально зменшити показники смертності при абдомінальній травмі. Стандартизація діагностики має на меті раціональне та “таргентне” використання певного конкретного та необхідного в тій чи іншій клінічній ситуації методу. Показання до операційного лікування досі є предметом дискусій, особливе значення лапароскопії в діагностично-лікувальному алгоритмі. В статті представлено огляд літератури з аналізом основних причин травми черевної порожнини, її поширення, класифікації, можливостей інструментальної діагностики, використання прогностичних шкал, ролі лапароскопії та традиційної хірургії у даної категорії хворих, значення стратегії “demage control” у світлі сучасних концепцій надання допомоги постраждалими з тяжкою абдомінальною травмою.
S-Nitrosylation of Histone Deacetylase 2 by Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase as a Mechanism of Diastolic Dysfunction
Authors: Yoon Somy , Kim Mira , Lee Hangyeol , Kang Gaeun , Bedi Kenneth , Margulies Kenneth B. , Jain Rajan , Nam Kwang-Il , Kook Hyun , Eom Gwang Hyeon 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Although the clinical importance of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction has been extensively explored, most therapeutic regimens, including nitric oxide (NO) donors, lack therapeutic benefit. Although the clinical characteristics of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction are somewhat heterogeneous, diastolic dysfunction (DD) is one of the most important features. Here we report that neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) induces DD by S-nitrosylation of HDAC2 (histone deacetylase 2).

Methods:

Two animal models of DD—SAUNA (SAlty drinking water/Unilateral Nephrectomy/Aldosterone) and mild transverse aortic constriction mice—as well as human heart samples from patients with left ventricular hypertrophy were used. Genetically modified mice that were either nNOS-ablated or HDAC2 S-nitrosylation–resistant were also challenged. N(ω)-propyl-
L
-arginine, an nNOS selective inhibitor, and dimethyl fumarate, an NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2) inducer, were used. Molecular events were further checked in human left ventricle specimens.

Results:

SAUNA or mild transverse aortic constriction stress impaired diastolic function and exercise tolerance without overt systolic failure. Among the posttranslational modifications tested, S-nitrosylation was most dramatically increased in both models. Utilizing heart samples from both mice and humans, we observed increases in nNOS expression and NO production. N(ω)-propyl-
L
-arginine alleviated the development of DD in vivo. Similarly, nNOS knockout mice were resistant to SAUNA stress. nNOS-induced S-nitrosylation of HDAC2 was relayed by transnitrosylation of GAPDH. HDAC2 S-nitrosylation was confirmed in both DD mouse and human left ventricular hypertrophy. S-nitrosylation of HDAC2 took place at C262 and C274. When DD was induced, HDAC2 S-nitrosylation was detected in wild-type mouse, but not in HDAC2 knock-in mouse heart that expressed HDAC2 C262A/C274A. In addition, HDAC2 C262A/C274A mice maintained normal diastolic function under DD stimuli. Gene delivery with adenovirus-associated virus 9 (AAV9)–NRF2, a putative denitrosylase of HDAC2, or pharmacological intervention by dimethyl fumarate successfully induced HDAC2 denitrosylation and mitigated DD in vivo.

Conclusions:
Our observations are the first to demonstrate a new mechanism underlying DD pathophysiology. Our results provide theoretical and experimental evidence to explain the ineffectiveness of conventional NO enhancement trials for improving DD with heart failure symptoms. More important, our results suggest that reduction of NO or denitrosylation of HDAC2 may provide a new therapeutic platform for the treatment of refractory heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
Analysis of the Atmospheric Water Cycle for the Laurentian Great Lakes Region Using CMIP6 Models
Authors: Minallah Samar , Steiner Allison L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study evaluates the historical climatology and future changes of the atmospheric water cycle for the Laurentian Great Lakes region using 15 models from phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). While the models have unique seasonal characteristics in the historical (1981–2010) simulations, common patterns emerge in the midcentury SSP2–4.5 scenario (2041–70), including a prevalent shift in the precipitation seasonal cycle with summer drying and wetter winter and spring months, and a ubiquitous increase in the magnitudes of convective precipitation, evapotranspiration, and moisture inflow into the region. The seasonal cycle of moisture flux convergence is amplified (i.e., the magnitude of winter convergence and summer divergence increases), which is the primary driver of future total precipitation changes. The precipitation recycling ratio is also projected to decline in summer and increase in winter by midcentury, signifying a larger contribution of the regional moisture (via evapotranspiration) to total precipitation in the colder months. Most models (10/15) either do not represent the Great Lakes or have major inconsistencies in how the lakes are simulated both in terms of spatial representation and treatment of lake processes. In models with some lake presence, the contribution of lake grid cells to the regional evapotranspiration magnitude can be more than 50% in winter. In the future, winter months have a larger increase in evaporation over water surfaces than the surrounding land, which corroborates past findings of sensitivity of deep lakes to climate warming and highlights the importance of lake representation in these models for reliable regional hydroclimatic assessments.
The use of whole blood capillary samples to measure 15 analytes for a home-collect biochemistry service during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: A proposed model from North West London Pathology
Authors: Ansari Saleem , Abdel-Malek Mariana , Kenkre Julia , Choudhury Sirazum M , Barnes Sophie , Misra Shivani , Tan Tricia , Cegla Jaimini 
Published: March 2021

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically changed the delivery of secondary care services. Self-collection of capillary blood at home can facilitate the monitoring of patients with chronic disease to support virtual clinics while mitigating the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission. Objective To investigate the comparability of whole blood capillary and plasma venous samples for 15 routinely used biochemical analytes and to develop and pilot a user-friendly home-collection kit to support virtual outpatient clinical services. Methods To investigate the comparability of whole blood capillary and plasma venous samples for 15 routinely requested biochemical analytes, simultaneous samples of venous and capillary blood were collected in EDTA and lithium-heparin plasma separation tubes that were of 4–6 mL and 400–600 µL draw volume, respectively. Venous samples were analysed within 4 h of collection while capillary samples were kept at ambient temperature for three days until centrifugation and analysis. Analyte results that were comparable between the matrices were then piloted in a feasibility study in three outpatient clinical services. Results HbA1c, lipid profile and liver function tests were considered comparable and piloted in the patient feasibility study. The home-collect kit demonstrated good patient usability. Conclusion Home collection of capillary blood could be a clinically-useful tool to deliver virtual care to patients with chronic disease.
Emotional dysregulation mediates the impact of childhood trauma on psychological distress: First Italian data during the early phase of COVID-19 outbreak
Authors: Janiri Delfina , Moccia Lorenzo , Dattoli Luigi , Pepe Maria , Molinaro Marzia , De Martin Valentina , Chieffo Daniela , Di Nicola Marco , Fiorillo Andrea , Janiri Luigi , Sani Gabriele 
Published: March 2021

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic represents an unprecedented traumatic stressor to mental health. Psychological distress is considered a reliable proxy for psychopathology and can be negatively influenced by childhood trauma through sensitization effects. Emotion dysregulation has been proposed as a potential mediator of this mechanism. We aimed to test this hypothesis in a national Italian sample assessed in the early phase of the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak. Methods: We investigated the relationship between psychological distress and childhood trauma in 500 healthy participants assessed through a survey-based study, after the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic lockdown in Italy. Levels of psychological distress and history of childhood trauma were obtained using the Kessler-10 (K10) and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, respectively. We used bootstrapped mediation analysis to test the mediator role of emotional dysregulation, measured through the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, on the effect of childhood trauma on psychological distress. Results: In total, 190 (38%) reported psychological distress related to the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak. Individuals with psychological distress experienced more childhood trauma, specifically emotional abuse ( F = 23.51, df = 1, p < 0.001) and neglect ( F = 10.98, df = 1, p = 0.001). After modelling the effect of emotional dysregulation, the impact of childhood trauma on coronavirus disease 2019-related psychological distress resulted in indirect effects and mediated by deficits in emotion regulation mechanisms (bootstrapped lower level of confidence interval = 0.345, upper level of confidence interval = 0.598). Conclusion: Childhood trauma is associated with increased vulnerability to the stressful effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak. Our data suggest that emotional dysregulation may represent a dimension mediating the impact of childhood trauma on coronavirus disease 2019-related psychological distress and may be considered as specific target for interventions aiming at empowering resilience.
Looking Back to Move Forward: Canadian Occupational Therapy In Public Health, 1914–2019
Authors: Lewis Kathryn E. , Lehman Michelle J. , Cockburn Lynn 
Published: March 2021

Background. Decades of literature demonstrate that occupational therapy is well-suited to collaborate with public health due to overlapping views of health. However, there has been little collaboration between these professions with few examinations of why they remain distinct. Purpose. This study examines historical events that have led to the present-day separation of occupational therapy and public health. Method. This narrative review and thematic analysis of the scholarly, archival, and grey literature was conducted to examine the development of both fields. Findings. Fifty texts were analyzed revealing four themes: the influence of structural and social forces; professional, societal, and institutional hindrances; potential for a shared vision; and next steps for integration. These themes highlight historical barriers to collaboration and provide evidence that occupational therapy could benefit public health. Implications. Collaboration between occupational therapy and public health has many potential benefits, however new approaches to bridge the divide are needed to advance collaboration.
Identifying Constraints on Everyday Clinical Practice: Applying Work Domain Analysis to Emergency Department Care
Authors: Austin Elizabeth , Blakely Brette , Salmon Paul , Braithwaite Jeffrey , Clay-Williams Robyn 
Published: March 2021

Background Emergency departments (EDs) are complex socio-technical work systems that require staff to manage patients in an environment of fluctuating resources and demands. To better understand the purpose, and pressures and constraints for designing new ED facilities, we developed an abstraction hierarchy model as part of a work domain analysis (WDA) from the cognitive work analysis (CWA) framework. The abstraction hierarchy provides a model of the structure of the ED, encompassing the core objects, processes, and functions relating to key values and the ED’s overall purpose. Methods Reviews of relevant national and state policy, guidelines, and protocol documents applicable to care delivery in the ED were used to construct a WDA. The model was validated through focus groups with ED clinicians and subsequently validated using a series of WDA prompts. Results The model shows that the ED system exhibits extremely interconnected and complex features. Heavily connected functions introduce vulnerability into the system with function performance determined by resource availability and prioritization, leading to a trade-off between time and safety priorities. Conclusions While system processes (e.g., triage, fast-track) support care delivery in ED, this delivery manifests in complex ways due to the personal and disease characteristics of patients and the dynamic state of the ED system. The model identifies system constraints that create tension in care delivery processes (e.g., electronic data entry, computer availability) potentially compromising patient safety. Application The model identified aspects of the ED system that could be leveraged to improve ED performance through innovative ED system design.
Distance Between Home and the Admitting Hospital and Its Effect on Survival of Low Socioeconomic Status Population With Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia
Authors: Minejima Emi , Wang Joshua , Boettcher Stormmy , Liu Lihua , Lou Mimi , She Rosemary C. , Wenzel Suzanne L. , Spellberg Brad , Wong-Beringer Annie 
Published: March 2021

Objective: Bacteremia is the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between low socioeconomic status (SES) and the epidemiology, process of care, and outcomes of patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB). Methods: We conducted a multicenter, retrospective, cohort study that evaluated adult patients with SAB in 3 Los Angeles County hospitals from July 15, 2012, through May 31, 2018. We determined SES (low SES, intermediate SES, and high SES) for each patient and compared sociodemographic and epidemiologic characteristics, management of care received by patients with SAB (ie, process of care), and outcomes. We used a Cox proportional hazards model to determine predictors of 30-day mortality for each SES group. Results: Of 915 patients included in the sample, 369 (40%) were in the low-SES group, 294 (32%) in the intermediate-SES group, and 252 (28%) in the high-SES group. Most significant predictors of 30-day mortality in the Cox proportional hazards model were admission to an intensive care unit (hazard ratio [HR] = 9.04; 95% CI, 4.26-19.14), Pitt bacteremia score ≥4 indicating critical illness (HR = 4.30; 95% CI, 2.49-7.44), having ≥3 comorbidities (HR = 2.05; 95% CI, 1.09-3.85), and advanced age (HR = 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.05). Distance between home and admitting hospital affected mortality only in the low-SES group (HR = 1.02; 95% CI, 1.00-1.02). Conclusions: SES did not independently affect the outcome of SAB; however, the farther the patient’s residence from the hospital, the greater the negative effect on survival in a low-SES population. Our findings underscore the need to develop multipronged, targeted public health efforts for populations that have transportation barriers to health care.
Family Visitation Patterns during Incarceration in Denmark
Authors: Anker Anne Sofie Tegner , Wildeman Christopher 
Published: March 2021

While qualitative evidence has highlighted psychological benefits of visitation during incarceration, and quantitative evidence has linked visitation to better post-release outcomes for inmates, we know little about heterogeneity in visitation patterns and the factors shaping them. Using Danish administrative data on inmates incarcerated at least a year between 2004 and 2014 ( N = 5,441), we first examine average frequency and duration of family visits across the first year of incarceration and then describe five distinct visitation patterns using latent class analysis. Finally, we investigate what predicts visitation patterns. The findings highlight that (a) there is substantial heterogeneity in the patterns of family visitation and (b) both individual-level and institution-level factors partially predict this heterogeneity. Parenthood, high pre-incarceration income, and long sentences were associated with high levels of visitation and being placed far from home and transferred between facilities were associated with a higher risk of receiving low or decreasing levels of visitation.
Exploring Normalization of Deviance among Perioperative Registered Nurses in the Operating Room
Authors: Wright M. Imelda , Polivka Barbara , Clark Paul 
Published: March 2021

Normalization of deviance is a phenomenon in which individuals and teams deviate from what is known to be an acceptable performance standard until the adopted way of practice becomes normalized. In health care, this phenomenon erodes the safety culture, and it can be particularly concerning in high-risk work environments, such as the operating room (OR). The purposes of this study were to: (a) Explore the concept of normalization of deviance in the OR; (b) Identify reasons for normalization of deviance; and (c) Identify factors that protect against normalization of deviance. This focused ethnographic study included a sample of 10 perioperative nurses who were interviewed. Our findings demonstrated that normalization exists in the OR. Reasons for normalization of deviance included productivity pressures, generalized complacency, complacency related to length of experience, social pressures, and negative acculturation. Factors that protect against normalization of deviance included nurse engagement and having supportive managerial relationships.
Associations between lifetime classic psychedelic use and markers of physical health
Authors: Simonsson Otto , Sexton James D , Hendricks Peter S 
Published: March 2021

Background: In recent years, there has been significant research on the mental health effects of classic psychedelic use, but there is very little evidence on how classic psychedelics might influence physical health. Aims: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the associations between lifetime classic psychedelic use and markers of physical health. Methods: Using data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2015-2018) with 171,766 (unweighted) adults aged 18 or above in the United States, the current study examined the associations between lifetime classic psychedelic use and three markers of physical health (self-reported overall health, body mass index, and heart condition and/or cancer in the past 12 months) while controlling for a range of covariates. Results: Respondents who reported having tried a classic psychedelic at least once in their lifetime had significantly higher odds of greater self-reported overall health and significantly lower odds of being overweight or obese versus having a normal weight. The association between lifetime classic psychedelic use and having a heart condition and/or cancer in the past 12 months approached conventional levels of significance, with lower odds of having a heart condition and/or cancer in the past 12 months for respondents who had tried a classic psychedelic at least once. Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that classic psychedelics may be beneficial to physical health. Future research should investigate the causal effects of classic psychedelics on physical health and evaluate possible mechanisms.