bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of Body Shape Diversity and Evolution in Intertidal and Subtidal Lineages of Combtooth Blennies (Blenniidae)
Authors: Egan Joshua P , Buser Thaddaeus J , Burns Michael D , Simons Andrew M , Hundt Peter J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Marine intertidal zones can be harsher and more dynamic than bordering subtidal zones, with extreme and temporally variable turbulence, water velocity, salinity, temperature, and dissolved oxygen levels. Contrasting environmental conditions and ecological opportunities in subtidal versus intertidal habitats may generate differing patterns of morphological diversity. In this study we used phylogenetic comparative methods, measurements of body length, and two-dimensional landmarks to characterize body shape and size diversity in combtooth blennies (Ovalentaria: Blenniidae) and test for differences in morphological diversity between intertidal, subtidal, and supralittoral zones. We found that subtidal combtooth blennies have significantly higher body shape disparity and occupy a region of morphospace three times larger than intertidal lineages. The intertidal morphospace was almost entirely contained within the subtidal morphospace, showing that intertidal combtooth blennies did not evolve unique body shapes. We found no significant differences in body size disparity between tidal zones, no correlations between body shape and tidal zone or body size and tidal zone, and no body shape convergence associated with tidal zone. Our findings suggest that a subset of combtooth blenny body shapes are suitable for life in both subtidal and intertidal habitats. Many species in regions of morphospace unique to subtidal combtooth blennies exhibit distinct microhabitat use, which suggests subtidal environments promoted morphological diversification via evolutionary microhabitat transitions. In contrast, limited intertidal body shape diversity may be due to strong selective pressures that constrained body shape evolution and environmental filtering that prevented colonization of intertidal zones by certain subtidal body shapes.
“Hanging Out” while Studying “Up”: Doing Ethnographic Fieldwork in International Relations
Authors: Nair Deepak 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article advances a methodological argument on how to do ethnographic fieldwork amid social elites and inaccessible bureaucracies in international politics. Instead of participant observation or semi-structured interviews, the article proposes “hanging out” as an alternative strategy to generate immersion and ethnographic insight. While the ethnographer studying “down” is arguably always “hanging out” (the village as the exemplary mise-en-scene of this genre), this technique takes a more defined form when studying “up” elites. Specifically, hanging out when studying “up” is a strategy where the fieldworker commits to a period of continuous residence amid members of a community; engages in ludic, informal, and often sociable interactions outside or at the sidelines of their professional habitats; and participates in a range of activities where building rapport is as important as the primary goals of the research. I illustrate this methodological strategy and its payoffs by reflecting upon a year of fieldwork among the diplomats and bureaucrats of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations—an informal, quiet, and often sub rosa diplomatic project run by a band of mostly authoritarian states in Southeast Asia. This article contributes to debates on the viability of ethnographic fieldwork in international relations (IR); advances a methodological corrective to fieldwork prescriptions in new micropolitical studies of practice, interactions, and emotions in IR; and offers a practical illustration of what studying “up” looks like in diplomacy and international politics.
Of rodents and ruminants: a comparison of small noncoding RNA requirements in mouse and bovine reproduction
Authors: Chukrallah Lauren G , Badrinath Aditi , Seltzer Kelly , Snyder Elizabeth M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Ruminants are major producers of meat and milk, thus managing their reproductive potential is a key element in cost-effective, safe, and efficient food production. Of particular concern, defects in male germ cells and female germ cells may lead to significantly reduced live births relative to fertilization. However, the underlying molecular drivers of these defects are unclear. Small noncoding RNAs, such as piRNAs and miRNAs, are known to be important regulators of germ-cell physiology in mouse (the best-studied mammalian model organism) and emerging evidence suggests that this is also the case in a range of ruminant species, in particular bovine. Similarities exist between mouse and bovids, especially in the case of meiotic and postmeiotic male germ cells. However, fundamental differences in small RNA abundance and metabolism between these species have been observed in the female germ cell, differences that likely have profound impacts on their physiology. Further, parentally derived small noncoding RNAs are known to influence early embryos and significant species-specific differences in germ-cell born small noncoding RNAs have been observed. These findings demonstrate the mouse to be an imperfect model for understanding germ-cell small noncoding RNA biology in ruminants and highlight the need to increase research efforts in this underappreciated aspect of animal reproduction.
Defining Benchmarks in Pediatric Burn Care: Inception of the Pediatric Injury Quality Improvement Collaborative
Authors: Patterson Kelli N , Fabia Renata , Giles Sheila , Verlee Sarah N , Marx Daniel , Aguayo Pablo , Ziegfeld Susan , Parrish Carisa , Stewart F Dylan , Fritzeen Jennifer , Burd Randall S , Vitale Lisa , Cloutier Dawn , Shanti Christina , Klein Justin , Thakkar Rajan K 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Pediatric burn care is highly variable nationwide. Standardized quality and performance benchmarks are needed for guiding performance improvement within pediatric burn centers. A network of pediatric burn centers was established to develop and evaluate pediatric-specific best practices. A multi-disciplinary team including pediatric surgeons, nurses, advanced practice providers, pediatric intensivists, rehabilitation staff, and child psychologists from five pediatric burn centers established a collaborative to share and compare performance improvement data, evaluate outcomes, and exchange best care practices. In December 2016, the Pediatric Injury Quality Improvement Collaborative (PIQIC) was established. PIQIC members chose quality improvement indicators, drafted and approved a memorandum of understanding (MOU), data use agreement (DUA) and charter, formalized the multidisciplinary membership, and established a steering committee. Since inception, PIQIC has conducted monthly teleconferences and biannual in-person or virtual group meetings. A centralized data repository has been established where data is collated and analyzed for benchmarking in a blinded fashion. PIQIC has shown the feasibility of multi-institutional data collection, implementation of performance improvement metrics, publication of research, and enhancement of aggregate and institution-specific pediatric burn care.
Lack of Replication or Generalization? Cultural Values Explain a Question Wording Effect
Authors: Silber Henning , Tvinnereim Endre , Stark Tobias H , Blom Annelies G , Krosnick Jon A , Bosnjak Michael , Clement Sanne Lund , Cornilleau Anne , Cousteaux Anne-Sophie , John Melvin , Jonsdottir Gudbjorg Andrea , Lawson Karen , Lynn Peter , Martinsson Johan , Shamshiri-Petersen Ditte , Tu Su-Hao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the context of the current “replication crisis” across the sciences, failures to reproduce a finding are often viewed as discrediting it. This paper shows how such a conclusion can be incorrect. In 1981, Schuman and Presser showed that including the word “freedom” in a survey question significantly increased approval of allowing a speech against religion in the USA. New experiments in probability sample surveys (n = 23,370) in the USA and 10 other countries showed that the wording effect replicated in the USA and appeared in four other countries (Canada, Germany, Taiwan, and the Netherlands) but not in the remaining countries. The effect appeared only in countries in which the value of freedom is especially salient and endorsed. Thus, public support for a proposition was enhanced by portraying it as embodying a salient principle of a nation’s culture. Instead of questioning initial findings, inconsistent results across countries signal limits on generalizability and identify an important moderator.
The effect of aspherical stellar wind of giant stars on the symbiotic channel of Type Ia supernovae
Authors: Wu Chengyuan , Liu Dongdong , Wang Xiaofeng , Wang Bo 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
The progenitor systems accounting for explosions of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) is still under debate. Symbiotic channel is one of the possible progenitor scenarios, in which the WDs in these systems increase in mass through wind accretion from their red giant companions. The mass-loss processes of the giants in the symbiotic systems could produce the amount of circumstellar medium (CSM), and detections of interaction signals between SN ejecta and CSM can be used as an ideal way to distinguish different progenitor models. However, the density distribution and geometric structure of the CSM around the symbiotic systems remain highly uncertain. By assuming that the tidal torque from binary interaction can increase the mass-loss rate of the red giant and cause the stellar wind concentrate towards the equatorial plane, we provide a simplified method to estimate the density and the degree of deviation from spherical symmetry for the CSM. Based on the calculations of the binary evolutions of symbiotic systems using stellar evolution code mesa, we obtained the parameter space for producing SNe Ia. We found that SNe Ia could originate from symbiotic systems with massive carbon-oxygen white dwarfs (CO WDs), while the half-opening angle of the stellar wind from red giant towards the WD varies with the binary evolution, resulting in the formation of surrounding CSM with different geometric structures. The corresponding properties of ejecta–CSM interactions may be examined by spectropolarimetry observations in the future, from which one may find an additional relationship between circumstellar environment of SNe Ia and their progenitor systems.
A little FABLE: exploring AGN feedback in dwarf galaxies with cosmological simulations
Authors: Koudmani Sophie , Henden Nicholas A , Sijacki Debora 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Contrary to the standard lore, there is mounting observational evidence that feedback from active galactic nuclei (AGN) may also play a role at the low-mass end of the galaxy population. We investigate this using the cosmological simulation suite fable, with a particular focus on the dwarf regime (Mstellar &lt; 109.5 M⊙). We find that overmassive black holes (BHs), with respect to the mean scaling relations with their host galaxies, drive hotter and faster outflows and lead to significantly reduced gas mass fractions. They are also more likely to display a kinematically misaligned ionized gas component in our mock MaNGA velocity maps, although we caution that cosmic inflows and mergers contribute to misalignments as well. While in the local Universe the majority of AGN in dwarfs are much dimmer than the stellar component, for z ≥ 2 there is a significant population that outshines their hosts. These high-redshift overmassive BHs contribute to the quenching of dwarfs, whereas at late cosmic times supernova (SN) feedback is more efficient. While our results are overall in good agreement with X-ray observations of AGN in dwarfs, the lack of high-luminosity X-ray AGN in fable at low redshifts highlights an interesting possibility that SN feedback could be too strong in fable’s dwarfs, curtailing AGN growth and feedback. We predict that future observations may uncover many more AGN in dwarfs with lower luminosities and at higher redshifts.
Di-phosphorylated BAF shows altered structural dynamics and binding to DNA, but interacts with its nuclear envelope partners
Authors: Marcelot Agathe , Petitalot Ambre , Ropars Virginie , Le Du Marie-Hélène , Samson Camille , Dubois Stevens , Hoffmann Guillaume , Miron Simona , Cuniasse Philippe , Marquez Jose Antonio , Thai Robert , Theillet François-Xavier , Zinn-Justin Sophie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Barrier-to-autointegration factor (BAF), encoded by the BANF1 gene, is an abundant and ubiquitously expressed metazoan protein that has multiple functions during the cell cycle. Through its ability to cross-bridge two double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), it favours chromosome compaction, participates in post-mitotic nuclear envelope reassembly and is essential for the repair of large nuclear ruptures. BAF forms a ternary complex with the nuclear envelope proteins lamin A/C and emerin, and its interaction with lamin A/C is defective in patients with recessive accelerated aging syndromes. Phosphorylation of BAF by the vaccinia-related kinase 1 (VRK1) is a key regulator of BAF localization and function. Here, we demonstrate that VRK1 successively phosphorylates BAF on Ser4 and Thr3. The crystal structures of BAF before and after phosphorylation are extremely similar. However, in solution, the extensive flexibility of the N-terminal helix α1 and loop α1α2 in BAF is strongly reduced in di-phosphorylated BAF, due to interactions between the phosphorylated residues and the positively charged C-terminal helix α6. These regions are involved in DNA and lamin A/C binding. Consistently, phosphorylation causes a 5000-fold loss of affinity for dsDNA. However, it does not impair binding to lamin A/C Igfold domain and emerin nucleoplasmic region, which leaves open the question of the regulation of these interactions.
Temozolomide chronotherapy in patients with glioblastoma: a retrospective single-institute study
Authors: Damato Anna R , Luo Jingqin , Katumba Ruth G N , Talcott Grayson R , Rubin Joshua B , Herzog Erik D , Campian Jian L 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Chronotherapy is an innovative approach to improving survival through timed delivery of anti-cancer treatments according to patient daily rhythms. Temozolomide (TMZ) is a standard-of-care chemotherapeutic agent for glioblastoma (GBM). Whether timing of TMZ administration affects GBM patient outcome has not previously been studied. We sought to evaluate maintenance TMZ chronotherapy on GBM patient survival.

Methods
This retrospective study reviewed patients with newly diagnosed GBM from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2018 at Washington University School of Medicine who had surgery, chemoradiation, and were prescribed TMZ to be taken in the morning or evening. The Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression model were used for overall survival (OS) analyses. The propensity score method accounted for potential observational study biases. The restricted mean survival time (RMST) method was performed where the proportional hazard assumption was violated.

Results
We analyzed 166 eligible GBM patients with a median follow-up of 5.07 years. Patients taking morning TMZ exhibited longer OS compared to evening (median OS, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.43, 1.12–1.92 vs 1.13, 0.84–1.58 years) with a significant year 1 RMST difference (−0.09, 95% CI: −0.16 to −0.018). Among MGMT-methylated patients, median OS was 6 months longer for AM patients with significant RMST differences at years 1 (−0.13, 95% CI = −0.24 to −0.019) to 2.5 (−0.43, 95% CI = −0.84 to −0.028). Superiority of morning TMZ at years 1, 2, and 5 (all P &lt; .05) among all patients was supported by RMST difference regression after adjusting for confounders.

Conclusions
Our study presents preliminary evidence for the benefit of TMZ chronotherapy to GBM patient survival. This impact is more pronounced in MGMT-methylated patients.
To Test, Perchance to Diagnose: Practical Strategies for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Testing
Authors: Humphries Romney M , Azar Marwan M , Caliendo Angela M , Chou Andrew , Colgrove Robert C , Fabre Valeria , Ginocchio Christine C , Hanson Kimberly E , Hayden Mary K , Pillai Dylan R , Pollock Nira R , Lee Francesca M 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTesting for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients is an important component of the multifaceted approach of managing the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Determining how to best define testing strategies for different populations and incorporating these into broader infection prevention programs can be complex. Many circumstances are not addressed by federal, local, or professional guidelines. This commentary describes various scenarios in which testing of symptomatic or asymptomatic individuals for SARS-CoV-2 virus (antigen or ribonucleic acid) can be of potential benefit. Consideration to pretest probability, risks of testing (impact of false-positive or false-negative results), testing strategy, as well as action based on test results are explored. Testing, regardless of setting, must be incorporated into overarching infection control plans, which include use of personal protective equipment (eg, masks), physically distancing, and isolation when exposure is suspected.
Evaluation of 2 Lateral Flow Rapid Tests in the Diagnosis of Chagas Disease in the Washington Metropolitan Area
Authors: Castro-Sesquen Yagahira E , Saldaña Antonella , Patino Nava Dhayanna , Paulette Evans Diana , Bayangos Tabitha , DeToy Kelly , Trevino Alexia , Marcus Rachel , Bern Caryn , Gilman Robert H , Talaat Kawsar R ,   Chagas Working Group in Peru and the United States, Avila Carol , Camacho Fabiola , Herrera Sdenka , Jimenez Andres , Lozano Veronika , Malaga Edith , Merida Mariel , Morales Carolina , Solis Rodrigo , Sotomayor Fiorella , Tung Alisha , Spector Anna , Verastegui Manuela , Yang Younghee , Zapata Fatima 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We compared the accuracy of the Stat-Pak and Chagas Detect Plus with a latent class analysis. Sensitivity values of 89.7% and 91.9% and specificities of 97.1% and 80.3%, respectively, were seen in the serodiagnosis of Chagas disease in Hispanic immigrants, revealing the limitations of these tests in diverse populations.
A Case of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Treatment With Remdesivir in a Hepatitis C-Coinfected Patient Resulting in Temporary Viral Control and Posttreatment Flare
Authors: da Cunha Maria Ribeiro , Rodrigues Inês Coelho , Trigueiros Frederico , Freitas Luís Carlos , Braz Sandra , Cota Medeiros Fábio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe report a case of a man with chronic hepatitis C infection treated with remdesivir for COVID-19, resulting in lowered HCV viral load, followed by a rebound after its discontinuation. Concomitant treatment with tocilizumab possibly caused loss of anti-HBs.
Phrenic Nerve Stimulator Placement via the Cervical Approach: Technique and Anatomic Considerations
Authors: Padmanaban Varun , Payne Russell , Corbani Karen , Corl Sheena , Rizk Elias B 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Diaphragmatic pacing via phrenic nerve stimulation can help improve breathing and facilitate mechanical ventilation weaning in patients with respiratory failure secondary to brainstem injury, high cervical spinal cord injury, or congenital central hypoventilation. Devices can be placed utilizing several techniques; however, nuances regarding placement are not well published.

OBJECTIVE
To describe our experience with phrenic nerve stimulator placement via the cervical approach with a focus on surgical anatomy, variations, and technique.

METHODS
Placement of phrenic nerve stimulator via a cervical approach is described in detail.

RESULTS
Successful placement of phrenic nerve stimulator without complication.

CONCLUSION
The cervical approach for the placement of a phrenic nerve stimulator is a safe and effective option for patients. Detailed knowledge of anatomy and anatomic variations is required. Potential advantages and disadvantages are discussed.
The current state of general paediatric fellowships in Canada
Authors: Al Maawali Ali , Puran Allan , Schwartz Sarah , Johnstone Julie , Bismilla Zia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Introduction
The field of Paediatric Medicine has grown tremendously over the last two decades. Several niche areas of practice have emerged, and opportunities for focused training in these areas have grown in parallel. The landscape of ‘General Paediatric Fellowship’ (GPF) Programs in Canada is not well described; this knowledge is needed to promote standardization and high-quality training across Canada. This study explores the structure and components of existing GPFs in Canada and identifies the interest and barriers to providing such programs.

Methods
A questionnaire was created to explore the landscape of GPF Programs in Canada. Invitations to participate were sent to leaders of General Paediatric Divisions across Canada, with a request to forward the survey to the most appropriate individual to respond within their local context.

Results
A total of 19 responses (95%) representing 17 different Canadian universities were obtained. Eight universities offered a total of 13 GPF Programs in 2019, with one additional university planning to start a program in the coming year. Existing programs were variable in size, structure and curriculum. Most programs identified as Academic Paediatric Programs, with an overlap in content and structure between Academic Paediatrics and Paediatric Hospital Medicine programs. The majority of respondents felt there was a need for GPF Programs in Canada but cited funding as the most common perceived barrier.

Conclusion
A growing number of GPF Programs exist in Canada. Current fellowship programs are variable in structure and content. Collaboration between programs is required to advance GPF training in Canada.
Failure of chronic hydroxychloroquine in preventing severe complications of COVID-19 in patients with rheumatic diseases
Authors: Pham Khanh , Torres Heidi , Satlin Michael J , Goyal Parag , Gulick Roy M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objective
To compare baseline characteristics, clinical presentations and outcomes of patients with rheumatic conditions requiring hospitalization for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who received chronic HCQ with those who did not receive chronic HCQ.

Methods
We identified all patients with a rheumatologic disease who were admitted with COVID-19 to two hospitals in New York City between 3 March 3 and 30 April 2020. Patients who received chronic HCQ prior to admission were matched 1:2 (±10 years of age) with patients who did not receive chronic HCQ. We compared demographics, comorbidities, HCQ dosages, concurrent medications, presentations and outcomes between the groups.

Results
There were 14 patients receiving HCQ and 28 matched control subjects. The median age of cases was 63 years [interquartile range (IQR) 43–73) and 60 years (IQR 41–75) for controls. Control subjects had a higher prevalence of pulmonary diseases (42.8%), diabetes (35.7%) and obesity (35.7%) than their case counterparts (28.6%, 14.3% and 7.1%, respectively). A higher proportion of cases than control subjects (50% vs 25%) reported the use of prednisone for their rheumatic conditions prior to admission. Despite these differences in baseline characteristics, univariate logistic regression revealed no statistically significant differences in the need for mechanical ventilation [OR 1.5 (95% CI 0.34, 6.38)] or in-hospital mortality [OR 0.77 (95% CI 0.13, 4.56)].

Conclusion
HCQ therapy in individuals with rheumatic conditions was not associated with less severe presentations of COVID-19 among hospitalized patients compared with individuals with rheumatic conditions not receiving HCQ.