bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Core Mass Function in the Orion Nebula Cluster Region: What Determines the Final Stellar Masses?
Authors: Takemura Hideaki , Nakamura Fumitaka , Kong Shuo , Arce Héctor G. , Carpenter John M. , Ossenkopf-Okada Volker , Klessen Ralf , Sanhueza Patricio , Shimajiri Yoshito , Tsukagoshi Takashi , Kawabe Ryohei , Ishii Shun , Dobashi Kazuhito , Shimoikura Tomomi , Goldsmith Paul F. , Sánchez-Monge Álvaro , Kauffmann Jens , Pillai Thushara G. S. , Padoan Paolo , Ginsberg Adam , Smith Rowan J. , Bally John , Mairs Steve , Pineda Jaime E. , Lis Dariusz C. , Burkhart Blakesley , Schilke Peter , Chen Hope How-Huan , Isella Andrea , Friesen Rachel K. , Goodman Alyssa A. , Harper Doyal A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Applying dendrogram analysis to the CARMA-NRO C18O (J = 1–0) data having an angular resolution of ∼8″, we identified 692 dense cores in the Orion Nebula Cluster region. Using this core sample, we compare the core and initial stellar mass functions in the same area to quantify the step from cores to stars. About 22% of the identified cores are gravitationally bound. The derived core mass function (CMF) for starless cores has a slope similar to Salpeter’s stellar initial mass function (IMF) for the mass range above 1 M
⊙, consistent with previous studies. Our CMF has a peak at a subsolar mass of ∼0.1 M
⊙, which is comparable to the peak mass of the IMF derived in the same area. We also find that the current star formation rate is consistent with the picture in which stars are born only from self-gravitating starless cores. However, the cores must gain additional gas from the surroundings to reproduce the current IMF (e.g., its slope and peak mass), because the core mass cannot be accreted onto the star with 100% efficiency. Thus, the mass accretion from the surroundings may play a crucial role in determining the final stellar masses of stars.
Determinant of Smoking Behavior among Elementary Student in Indonesia: A Structure Equation Model
Authors: Novita Haryanto Astrid , Noer Melinda , Kusumayati Agustin , Machmud Rizanda , Hafizurrachman Muhammad , Bachtiar Adang 
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND:Initial smoking exposure may occur during early adolescence (aged 10 to 12 years old), and it increases over time. Although several factors for smoking behaviors exist among adolescents, there is few studies address determinant of smoking behavior by adding others variables in theory of plan behavior such as smoking refusal skills, self-regulation, parenting, family function, environment, and culture.
AIM:The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the determinant of smoking behavior among elementary student in Indonesia using a structural equation model.
METHOD:A cross-sectional survey was carried out from June to October 2019 in West Java, Indonesia. For each school, students were selected using a systematic random sampling. technique. The study included girls and boys ages 10-12. The consent was obtained by the parent or guardian. Structural equation modelling was used for analysis.
RESULTS:The mean age was 10.56 years (SD= 0.37). About 28.6% of them were currently smoking with aged of first use was 10.02 (SD=0.19). more than half (56%) of their family were currently smoking too and friend smoking was 41.7%. The final model accounted for 27% and 39% of the variance of intention and smoking behaviour, respectivelyhas both direct and indirect effect through empowerment on self-care behaviors toward pregnancy-related complication. CONCLUSION:The present study was intended to expand the theory of planned behavior by including additional variables in its model: smoking refusal skills, self-regulation, parenting, family function, environment, and culture. This study also provides a significant contribute for clinical a practice and policy maker as a basic data to establish future intervention to promote no tobacco use among elementary student to achieve optimal well-being to prevent a fatal disease.
Discuter l’héritage social et culturel des grands événements sportifs. Une revue de littérature internationale
Authors: Viersac Mathys , Attali Michaël 
Published: March 2021

Plus qu’un simple élément de discours, la notion d’héritage est devenue décisive dans le processus de candidature pour l’organisation d’un grand événement sportif international (GESI). En parallèle, un nombre croissant de travaux scientifiques se sont penchés sur son utilisation dans la perspective de mesurer les effets produits par ce type d’événement. L’utilisation de la notion d’héritage fait écho aux termes de legacy , d’ impact ou encore d’ heritage dans la littérature scientifique internationale, et renvoie à des domaines de recherche variés. Or ces termes correspondent certes à une diversité sémantique mais aussi à une pluralité d’acceptations que cette étude envisage de clarifier. L’article a ainsi pour objectif d’identifier la complexité de ce que l’on nomme communément en France « héritage » en analysant les modalités d’emploi des termes anglo-saxons et en rendant compte de l’étendue des domaines d’application de ses effets. Cet état de l’art de l’héritage des GESI se fonde à la fois sur l’analyse d’une vaste littérature et des positions de sept auteurs spécialisés dans le domaine, avant de proposer une discussion sur les possibilités d’investir un objet de recherche complexe.
Grading of Oral Leukoplakia
Authors: Bavle Radhika Manoj , Paremala K. , Venugopal Reshma , Rudramuni Amulya S. , Khan Nawal , Hosthor Sreenitha S. 
Published: March 2021

Introduction:
Oral squamous cell carcinoma is usually preceded by potentially malignant disorders (PMDs), the most common being oral leukoplakia. A conservative management protocol is followed for milder dysplastic cases, while severe dysplastic lesions are surgically excised. Several classification systems have been developed based mainly on histopathological features with a lot of inter-observer variations. The present study was done to assess the use of immunohistochemical (IHC) markers in grading leukoplakic lesions in addition to histopathological grading.

Aims and Objectives:
To grade leukoplakia using different grading systems and assess if IHC markers can aid in categorizing leukoplakia.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty-five cases of leukoplakia were graded using Ljubljana, 2005 World Health Organization (WHO), and Binary System followed by IHC staining with p63 and CD31.

Results and Statistics:
Variation was noted in 12 cases while using WHO, 11 using Ljubljana, and 7 using Binary System and was significant on Cohen-Kappa statistics, with the least significant variation noted on Binary System. p63 staining assisted to group doubtful cases and even identify variation in cases graded positively on histopathology. In total, 17 cases stained one-third (mild/low), while 15 cases stained one-half or more (higher grade) epithelial thickness. A weak correlation was observed between all grading systems and p63 on Kendall's Tau-b analysis and the weak correlation was significant for the WHO and binary grading systems. Analyzing p63 and CD31 using Kruskal–Wallis test, an increase in mean vessel density (MVD) was noted for mild/moderate cases but decreased for severe cases.

Conclusion:
Addressing histological categorization of PMDs assisted by IHC markers to understand the biological behavior of the tissues is currently essential with studies on more markers to assist in the management protocol.
Comparative evaluation of Air-Q blocker and Proseal laryngeal mask airway in patients undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia
Authors: Jindal Swati , Mittal Ankita , Anand Lakesh K , Singh Manpreet , Kapoor Dheeraj 
Published: March 2021

Background and Aims:
The Air-Q blocker (Cook gas LLC, Mercury Medical, Clearwater, FL, USA) is a relatively new supraglottic airway device (SAD) with capability to serve as a conduit for intubation. As there is limited data on Air-Q blocker, the present study was performed to compare the efficacy of Air-Q blocker and Proseal laryngeal mask airway (PLMA) in patients undergoing elective surgery.

Methods:
A total of 90 American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I and II patients were randomly allocated to Air-Q blocker or PLMA group. Oropharyngeal leak pressure (OLP), insertion success, insertion time, ease of orogastric tube (OGT) insertion, fibreoptic visualisation of the glottis, haemodynamic and ventilation parameters, and complications at emergence and postoperatively were investigated.

Results:
OLPs were higher in PLMA group as compared to Air-Q blocker group (P = 0.002). Still, the OLP (27.5 ± 5.8 cm H2O) was clinically effective in Air-Q blocker group. The mean time for successful insertion was significantly shorter for Air-Q blocker than PLMA (P = 0.019). The number of attempts to insert both the devices was comparable (P ≥ 0.05). Air-Q blocker provided a significantly better fibreoptic score than PLMA (P = 0.038). The two groups were comparable in terms of ease of OGT insertion, haemodynamics and ventilation parameters, and complications at emergence and postoperatively.

Conclusions:
Air-Q blocker provides a clinically effective OLP though PLMA provides a slightly better sealing function in patients undergoing laparoscopic and non-laparoscopic surgeries under general anaesthesia requiring neuromuscular blockade. Air-Q blocker has shorter insertion time and a better fibreoptic view of glottis as compared to PLMA.
Discharge readiness after minor gynaecological surgeries comparing dexmedetomidine and ketamine premedication in bispectral index (BIS) guided propofol-based anaesthesia
Authors: Kaur Gaganjot , Kaur Preetveen , Gupta Ruchi , Kullar Keerat , Bhangu Gurpreet Singh , Sandhu Sartaj Singh 
Published: March 2021

Background and Aims:
Dexmedetomidine and ketamine are commonly used pre-medicants to propofol. Previous literature shows a delay in recovery with their use without any clarity on discharge. This study was planned to find out whether adding these premedicants to Bispectral index (BIS) guided propofol anaesthesia led to delayed discharge in minor gynaecological surgeries.

Methods:
Totally, 120 adult females belonging to American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I and II undergoing minor gynaecological surgeries under general anaesthesia were randomly allocated to receive 1 μg/kg dexmedetomidine (Group D), 0.5 mg/kg ketamine (Group K) and normal saline (Group P) as premedication. Propofol 1% was used for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia keeping BIS between 55 and 70. After the procedure, patients were assessed primarily for discharge readiness using Modified Post Anaesthesia Discharge Scoring System (MPADSS).The secondary outcomes were Modified Aldrete Score (MAS), total dose of propofol used and haemodynamics.

Results:
The percentage of patients ready for discharge were 22.5%, 30% and 15%at 1 hour in group D, K and P, respectively (p = 0.275). Median MAS was 5, 4 and 6 respectively for group D, K and P immediately post-surgery (p = 0.000). The mean dose of propofol used was 69.75 ± 12.56 mg in group D and 135.25 ± 9.2 mg in group P (p = 0.001). There were significant haemodynamic variations in group D (16.4% fall in heart rate at 5 minutes and 24.18% fall in mean arterial pressure at 15 minutes).

Conclusion:
Premedication with dexmedetomidine and ketamine in propofol anaesthesia does not delay discharge. However, stable haemodynamics and good analgesia with ketamine make it a better option.
Impact of Energy Consumption on Economic Growth, Foreign Direct Investment and Environmental Degradation: Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Parveen Shabana , Sadiqa Bibi Aisha , Yasmin Farrah , Ali Sher 
Published: March 2021

Economic growth is a process that is not possible without a lot of energy consumption. Energy is considered as the life blood of an economy however, the energy consumption is also an important factor responsible for degrading the natural environment of the world. The present empirical work is an effort to empirically analyze the association of energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) with economic growth (GDP per capita annual growth), foreign direct investment (FDI net inflow as percentage of GDP), and environmental degradation (CO2 emissions, metric tons per capita) in case of Pakistan. The work is based on time series data for the years 1975 to 2018. Canonical cointegrating regression (CCR) method is used for the estimation of the coefficient of the parameters. The results demonstrate that energy use has significant positive association with FDI, economic growth, and CO2 emissions. The empirical results recommend that policy makers in Pakistan require to work on policies regarding sustainable development and efficient use of energy as without achieving the efficiency in energy use, the desirable growth of the economy without environmental degradation cannot be achieved.
MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISTEM KOORDINAT MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF NHT PADA SISWA KELAS VI SDN GISIKDRONO 02 SEMARANG
Authors: Suyati Mrs. 
Published: March 2021

Berdasarkan refleksi yang dilakukan guru, selama ini ketrampilan guru dalam mengadakan variasi model pembelajaran dan gaya mengajar masih kurang sehingga menyebabkan aktivitas siswa hanya terbatas dalam mendengarkan ceramah dan mengikuti tanya jawab yang didominasi oleh guru. Hal tersebut berdampak langsung pada hasil belajar siswa yang kurang memuaskan. Tujuan umum dari penelitian ini adalah meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa pada materi sistem koordinat di SDN Gisikdrono 02 kecamatan Semarang Barat dengan menggunakan model Pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Numbered Head Together (NHT) dalam pembelajaran Matematika.Penelitian dalam rangka perbaikan pembelajaran ini dilaksanakan dua siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu: perencanaan, tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Objek penelitian adalah siswa kelas VI-C SDN Gisikdrono 02 Semarang. Teknik pengambilan data menggunakan teknik tes dan non tes. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah: 1) Pada siklus I perolehan skor kemampuan guru adalah 3,6 dan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 4,6; 2) Jumlah siswa yang aktif pada siklus I ada 21 siswa, pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 28 siswa; 3) Sebelum diterapkan NHT, prosentase siswa yang mencapai nilai ketuntasan sebesar 37,50%; setelah diterapkan metode pembelajaran NHT Siklus I, prosentase ketuntasan naik menjadi 59,38%, dan meningkat lagi setelah penerapan Siklus II menjadi 90,63%. 4) Nilai rata-rata kelas prasiklus sebesar 58,75; meningkat pada siklus I sebesar 66,88; dan meningkat lagi pada siklus II sebesar 77,97. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran Matematika melalui penerapan model pembelajaran NHT (Numbered Head Together) dapat meningkatkan prestasi pembelajaran Matematika pada kelas VI SDN Gisikdrono 02 Kota Semarang. Saran untuk guru hendaknya selalu aktif untuk menerapkan model pembelajaran yang inovatif.
PENGGUNAAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DISCOVERY BASED LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEAKTIFAN BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK PADA PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA DI KELAS IX I SMP NEGERI 1 KERSANA
Authors: Andriyana Winda 
Published: March 2021

Kesulitan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal matematika karena pada pembelajaran matematika sangat dibutuhkan kemampuan abstraksi dari peserta didik untuk mempelajarinya. Materi yang abstrak memerlukan dukungan media yang mampu mengkonkretkan materi, karena tidak mudah untuk membayangkan benda yang hanya dituangkan dalam gambar pada buku teks. Penggunaan bahan ajar dan media pembelajaran yang menarik jika disandingkan dengan model pembelajaran yang sesuai tentunya dapat merangsang peserta didik untuk aktif dalam proses pembelajaran. Sehubungan dengan hal ini, maka penggunaan model pembelajaran beserta bahan ajar dan media pembelajaran yang menarik dapat digunakan sebagai jembatan guna mengatasi kesulitan dalam pembelajaran matematika. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan di kelas IX I SMP Negeri 1 Kersana Semester 1 Tahun Pelajaran 2020/2021. Teknik yang digunakan untuk menganalisis data pada penelitian ini adalah data kuantitatif dan kualitatif yang diperoleh dari hasil observasi dan angket berdasarkan indikator keberhasilan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Besarnya peningkatan keaktifan belajar peserta didik pada pembelajaran matematika dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Discovery Based Learning pada peserta didik kelas IX I SMP Negeri 1 Kersana semester I tahun pelajaran 2020/2021 adalah keaktifan belajar peserta didik berdasarkan angket dari siklus I sebesar 79,61% meningkat mencapai 88,04% dan berdasarkan observasi dari siklus I sebesar 78,71% meningkat mencapai 86,27%. Ada peningkatan yang sangat signifikan dari siklus I ke siklus II sebesar 10,59% pada angket keaktifan belajar peserta didik dan sebesar 9,61% pada observasi keaktifan belajar peserta didik.
PENINGKATAN KINERJA GURU MELALUI PEMBINAAN IMPLEMENTASI MANAJEMEN OLEH KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM PROSES PEMBELAJARAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI SISWA DI SMP NEGERI 5 CIKARANG SELATAN KABUPATEN BEKASI TAHUN PELAJARAN 2019-2020
Authors: SRIYANTO JOKO 
Published: March 2021

Penelitian Tindakan Sekolah (PTS) merupakan suatu cara bagi seorang kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan kompetensi profesinya. Penulis melakukan penelitian di SMP Negeri 5 Cikarang Selatan Kabupaten Bekasi, dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode action research dalam mata pelajaran. Peneliti melakukan pembinaan terhadap guru tentang implementasi manajemen dalam proses pembelajaran di sekolah. Implementasi dari konsep di atas terlihat pada perkembangan kemampuan dan aktivitas guru dari tiap siklus yang dilaksanakan. Hal ini tampak pada awal pembelajaran pada siklus 1, khususnya pada tahap eksplorasi, yaitu pemberian pengetahuan kognitif tentang manajemen terhadap guru untuk menunjang proses pembelajaran, kemudian pada siklus 2, pendalaman materi dilaksanakan dengan cara pemahaman lebih dalam terhadap konsep-konsep manajemen, dalam hal ini kepala sekolah berperan sebagai falisitator, selanjutnya pada siklus 3, kepala sekolah sebagai pendorong kreativitas guru dengan peningkatan pemahaman pada pelaksanaan praktek dilapangan, mulai dari tahap perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan dan pengevaluasiaan dalam proses belajar mengajar. Perubahan yang signifikan terlihat dari tahap perencanaan yang awal persiapan mengajar hanya 20 % tetapi pada tahap berikutnya meningkat menjadi 60 % dan di siklus 3 sampai mencapai 80%. Pada tahap pelaksanaan juga ada peningkatan dari mulai tahap apersepsi, kemudian penyampaian kegiatan inti dan kegiatan penutup, setelah melalui pembinaan pada siklus 1, siklus 2 dan siklus 3, mengalami peningkatan terutama dalam praktek pelaksanaan pembelajaran, dari 40 % dari 5 orang jumlah guru yang mempraktekkan prinsip-prinsip manajemen, menajdi 80 % melaksanakannya. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa pembinaan oleh kepala sekolah terhadap peningkatan kinerja guru berpengaruh, dan pada akhirnya akan mempengaruhi peningkatan mutu sekolah secara keseluruhan.
VALIDACIÓN DEL INSTRUMENTO SOBRE MANEJO DE LAS ESTRATEGIAS DE CONSERVACIÓN AMBIENTAL PARA REDUCIR, RECICLAR Y REUTILIZAR LOS DESECHOS SÓLIDOS.
Authors: Parreño Urquizo Pepe Gustavo 
Published: March 2021

Introducción: Las actividades humanas producen un fuerte impacto en la degradación del ambiente. Por tanto, es necesario considerar que, si bien es cierto que en general, los residuos que genera no son tóxicos, su volumen es considerable, produciendo contaminación visual y la rápida colmatación de los vertederos. Objetivo: la presente propuesta de estudio tiene como objetivo validar un instrumento de investigación con el fin de obtener los datos necesarios para diseño de un plan de manejo ambiental y la búsqueda de estrategias para clasificar, reducir, y reutilizar los desechos. Y que autoevalúe el sistema de gestión ambiental, teniendo en cuenta aquellos aspectos relacionados con la normatividad de medio ambiente. Materiales y métodos: El instrumento fue sometido a consideración por juicio de expertos en el tema en el que intervinieron 3 PhDs y 2 especialistas del tema y determinó el grado pertinencia, la validez y la confiabilidad, aplicando el método Delphi que permite encontrar el coeficiente de competencia en forma y contenido. Resultados: Se evidencia que tanto los PhD y los especialistas indican que el instrumento está en la categoría de excelente, por tanto, se puede afirmar que es un instrumento pertinente, válido y confiable para ser aplicado en una prueba piloto. Conclusión: El instrumento presenta validez y confiabilidad aceptable para medir el manejo de las estrategias de conservación ambiental con el fin de reducir, reciclar y reutilizar los desechos sólidos
A TERRITORIALIZAÇÃO DO MST A PARTIR DA EDUCAÇÃO DO CAMPO NOS ASSENTAMENTOS FAZENDA ANNONI E BELA VISTA/The territorialization of the MST from the Education of the Field in the settings Fazenda Annoni and Bela Vista
Authors: Folmer Ivanio , Meurer Ane Carine 
Published: March 2021

Este estudo se estrutura na análise de dois assentamentos do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais: O Assentamento Bela Vista- Jari/ RS e o Assentamento de Fazenda Annoni – Pontão/ RS, com o objetivo de entender o processo de territorialização desses Assentamentos, a partir do posicionamento da Educação do Campo. Dessa forma, buscam-se analisar o papel da Educação do campo no processo de territorialização das políticas do MST, discutir os conceitos de território, territorialização, territorialidades e Educação do Campo. No que se refere à busca desses objetivos, adota-se uma metodologia que se adequasse a esta pesquisa, da mesma forma que auxiliasse na busca de levantamento dos dados, até mesmo para criar novas indagações. Os resultados desta pesquisa se mostram favoráveis à permanência de Educação do Campo dentro do assentamento.
LIMOLAYGO TOYPE: AS ASSEMBLEIAS INDÍGENAS E A CONSTRUÇÃO DA IDENTIDADE TERRITORIAL DOS XUKURU DO ORORUBÁ /Limolaygo toype: Indigenous assemblies and the construction of the territorial identity of the Ororuba Xukuru / Limolaygo toype: Asambleas indígenas y la construcción de la identidad territorial del Ororubá Xukuru
Authors: Silva Beatriz Barbosa da , Gonçalves Claúdio Ubiratan , Santos Júnior Avelar Araújo , Pinto Luana Elis Oliveira 
Published: March 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo trazer a lume uma abordagem sobre as comunidades indígenas no Nordeste, demonstrando, através dos Xukuru do Ororubá, povo indígena habitantes no município de Pesqueira (Pernambuco), o processo de defesa e de relações materiais e imateriais existentes em seu território. Com isso, será analisada como as Assembleias Xukuru, realizadas desde 2001, representam um elemento central para a construção da identidade territorial dos Xukuru do Ororubá. Para a elaboração desta pesquisa foram realizadas três idas ao território Xukuru, além de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e sistematização dos documentos gerados nas Assembleias. Como citar este artigo:SILVA, Beatriz Barbosa; GONÇALVES, Claudio Ubiratan; JUNIOR, Avelar Araujo; PINTO, Luana Elis Oliveira. Limolaygo toype: As Assembleias indígenas e a construção da identidade territorial dos Xukuru do Ororubá. Revista NERA, v. 23, n. 54, p. 186-211, dossiê, 2020.