bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The intronic branch point sequence is under strong evolutionary constraint in the bovine and human genome
Authors: Kadri Naveen Kumar , Mapel Xena Marie , Pausch Hubert 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe branch point sequence is a cis-acting intronic motif required for mRNA splicing. Despite their functional importance, branch point sequences are not routinely annotated. Here we predict branch point sequences in 179,476 bovine introns and investigate their variability using a catalogue of 29.4 million variants detected in 266 cattle genomes. We localize the bovine branch point within a degenerate heptamer “nnyTrAy”. An adenine residue at position 6, that acts as branch point, and a thymine residue at position 4 of the heptamer are more strongly depleted for mutations than coding sequences suggesting extreme purifying selection. We provide evidence that mutations affecting these evolutionarily constrained residues lead to alternative splicing. We confirm evolutionary constraints on branch point sequences using a catalogue of 115 million SNPs established from 3,942 human genomes of the gnomAD database.
Current balance method of dual windings parallel coils based on distributed capacitor compensation in high‐power WPT systems
Authors: Bie Zhi , Wang Chao , Song Kai , Zhang Jiantao , Zhu Chunbo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDual windings parallel (DWP) coils are often used in high‐power wireless charging applications to reduce current stress and internal resistance. Due to the inconsistent self‐inductance and strong coupling of the two windings, the advantages of the DWP coils cannot be fully utilized. In particular, the current stresses of the two windings are different, which will cause one of the stress to exceed the limit, and the temperature rise is too high. The reason for the current imbalance in the two windings is analysed in this work, and a distributed capacitor compensation method is proposed to balance the current stress in the two windings. Finally, a WPT system with the DWP transmitting coil was built as an example to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The experimental results show that the current ratio in two windings decreased from 1.70 to 1.05 after using the proposed compensation method.
Technical and economic analysis of curative actions in distribution networks utilizing battery energy storage systems
Authors: Liere‐Netheler Ingo , Schuldt Frank , von Maydell Karsten , Agert Carsten 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRenewable energy generation curtailment increases due to more frequently occurring congestions in power system operation. Post‐contingency curative congestion management actions can reduce the necessity of renewable energy curtailment by enabling a more efficient utilization of transmission capacities. In this research, the potential of curative actions to substitute renewable energy curtailment is studied considering technical and economic criteria. Therefore, a novel pricing methodology for the market‐based provision of curative actions is introduced. The method is based on the security constraint optimal power flow technique. Simulations are carried out on a modified version of the IEEE 14‐bus network and a real‐world 110 kV distribution network. Battery energy storage systems are implemented as an exemplary technology to provide curative actions. The developed method achieves a positive power system impact by reducing operational costs and maximizing renewable energy integration. Also, novel business models for merchant‐owned battery energy storage systems are unveiled. The provision of curative actions further proves to be competitive to established battery storage applications. Additionally, results of different grid expansion scenarios of the 110 kV network reveal the need to coordinate power system planning and operation more extensively in the future.
Skip‐stop operation plan for urban rail transit considering bounded rationality of passengers
Authors: Cheng Linna , Zhu Changfeng , Wang Qingrong , Wang Wenxian , Zhang Zhengkun , Sun Wenjun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractReasonably optimizing the urban rail transit stop plan from the perspective of bounded rational cognition of passengers regarding their travel choices is an important way to improve riding environment, transportation capacity, and service quality. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of passengers’ bounded rational choice behaviour, starting from two aspects of travel time and congestion, the prospect theory is applied to describe optimization goals: maximum travel time savings and maximum congestion costs savings. Subsequently, an urban rail transit stop plan optimization model is constructed, and a non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm with the elite strategy is designed to solve the model, and stop plans based on the calculated Pareto solution set are selected. A case study of an urban rail transit with 13 station nodes verifies the research conclusion as follows: compared with the traditional station stopping plan, the skip‐stop plan has better passenger flow adaptability, in which the average travel time of passengers is shortened by 22.57 min at most, and the congestion degree is reduced by 10.93% at most. Based on this, the impact of different factors on the stop plan, such as the target weight, passenger flow, and behavioural parameters, is further discussed.
Traffic participants classification based on 3D radio detection and ranging point clouds
Authors: Bai Jie , Li Sen , Tan Bin , Zheng Lianqing , Huang Libo , Dong Lianfei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTraffic participant classification is critical in autonomous driving perception. Millimetre wave radio detection and ranging (RADAR) is a cost‐effective and robust means of performing this task in adverse traffic scenarios such as inclement weather (e.g. fog, snow, and rain) and poor lighting conditions. Compared to commercial two‐dimensional RADAR, the new generation of three‐dimensional (3D) RADAR can obtain height information about targets as well as their dense point clouds, greatly improving target classification capabilities. This study proposes a multi‐objective classification method for traffic participants based on 3D RADAR point clouds. First, a 22‐dimensional feature vector of the 3D RADAR point cloud distribution was extracted to describe the shape, discrete, Doppler, and reflection intensity features of the targets. Then, dynamic and static datasets containing five classes of targets were produced, creating a 10k frame. Extensive experiments were conducted to build machine learning classifiers. The experimental results show that the trained classifiers can achieve over 92% classification accuracy when the targets are classified into five groups and over 95% classification accuracy when the targets are classified into four groups. The proposed method can guide the design of safer and more efficient intelligent driving systems.
Measuring titanium isotope ratios in exoplanet atmospheres
Authors: Serindag Dilovan B. , Snellen Ignas A. G. , Mollière Paul 
Published: October 2021

Context. Measurements of relative isotope abundances can provide unique insights into the formation and evolution histories of celestial bodies, tracing various radiative, chemical, nuclear, and physical processes. In this regard, the five stable isotopes of titanium are particularly interesting. They are used to study the early history of the Solar System, and their different nucleosynthetic origins help constrain Galactic chemical models. Additionally, titanium’s minor isotopes are relatively abundant compared to those of other elements, making them more accessible for challenging observations, such as those of exoplanet atmospheres.
Aims. We aim to assess the feasibility of performing titanium isotope measurements in exoplanet atmospheres. Specifically, we are interested in understanding whether processing techniques used for high-resolution spectroscopy, which remove continuum information about the planet spectrum, affect the derived isotope ratios. We also want to estimate the signal-to-noise requirements for future observations.
Methods. We used an archival high-dispersion CARMENES spectrum of the M-dwarf GJ 1002 as a proxy for an exoplanet observed at very high signal-to-noise. Both a narrow (7045–7090 Å) and wide (7045–7500 Å) wavelength region were defined for which spectral retrievals were performed using petitRADTRANS models, resulting in isotope ratios and uncertainties. These retrievals were repeated on the spectrum with its continuum removed to mimic typical high-dispersion exoplanet observations. The CARMENES spectrum was subsequently degraded by adding varying levels of Gaussian noise to estimate the signal-to-noise requirements for future exoplanet atmospheric observations.
Results. The relative abundances of all minor Ti isotopes are found to be slightly enhanced compared to terrestrial values. A loss of continuum information from broadband filtering of the stellar spectrum has little effect on the isotope ratios. For the wide wavelength range, a spectrum with a signal-to-noise of 5 is required to determine the isotope ratios with relative errors ≲10%. Super Jupiters at large angular separations from their host star are the most accessible exoplanets, requiring about an hour of observing time on 8-meter-class telescopes, and less than a minute of observing time with the future Extremely Large Telescope.
Fit für die Zukunft! Phytopharmaka müssen attraktiver werden
Authors: Armbrüster Nicole , Roth-Ehrang René 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungPhytopharmaka sind fester Bestandteil der Gesundheitsversorgung. Sie spielen insbesondere bei der Selbstmedikation eine große Rolle. Durch fehlende Anreize für Innovationen und Weiterentwicklungen sowie stetig wachsende regulatorische Anforderungen und die Konkurrenz durch andere Produktgruppen wird ihr Erhalt mehr und mehr gefährdet. Im Folgenden werden Lösungen vorgestellt, mit denen Phytopharmaka für Hersteller wieder attraktiver werden – was auch in Zukunft die Therapievielfalt sicherstellen würde.
Betriebliche Gesundheitsförderung in der stationären Altenpflege im Projekt POLKA
Authors: Weiß Klaus , Gassert Janina , Huber Gerhard 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungMit dem Präventionsgesetz wurde dem Betrieb als herausgehobenes Setting der Gesundheitsförderung für erwachsene Menschen Rechnung getragen. Leider werden diese legislativen Steilvorlagen nur ungenügend umgesetzt. Dabei besteht gerade in der Pflege ein hoher Bedarf. Der demografische Wandel verschärft die bereits angespannte Situation in der stationären Pflege. Im Betrieblichen Gesundheitsmanagement werden bisher in den Einrichtungen der stationären Altenpflege nur punktuelle Maßnahmen mit einer geringen Wirkungskraft angeboten. Darüber hinaus sind bisherige Standards in der Betrieblichen Gesundheitsförderung unter Berücksichtigung der arbeitsorganisatorischen Strukturen (wie z. B. Schichtarbeit, viele Teilzeitbeschäftigte) unwirksam. Unter Berücksichtigung der entwickelten Qualitätsstandards im Betrieblichen Gesundheitsmanagement werden im Projekt POLKA Lösungsansätze initiiert und wissenschaftlich begleitet. Ziel hierbei ist es, die Beschäftigten in der stationären Pflege optimal zu unterstützen. Für die Lösungsansätze wurde ein Lotsen- und Experten-System entwickelt, dass in der Umsetzung bedarfsorientierter Interventionen eine optimale Unterstützung bietet. Die Projektinitiatoren verfolgen dabei das langfristige Ziel, das System nachhaltig fortführen zu können und weitere stabile Finanzierungsmöglichkeiten zu erschließen.
Instability of Tear Film after Novel Coronavirus Disease: A Noninvasive and No Contact Method by a Scheimpflug-Placido Disc Topographer
Authors: Acet Yakup , Çil Baris , Kabak Mehmet , Vural Esra 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurpose To compare the topographical tear film break-up time (T-BUT) between individuals recovering from COVID-19 and control subjects using a noninvasive and noncontact technique with a Scheimpflug-Placido disc topographer.Methods One-hundred and twenty-two eyes from 61 post-COVID-19 patients and 124 eyes from 62 control subjects were included in this prospective study. All participants underwent detailed ophthalmological examination including best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure measurements, slit lamp examination, and fundoscopy as well as qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the noninvasive first tear film break-up time (NIF-BUT) and noninvasive average tear film break-up time (NIAvg-BUT) with T-BUT measured with a Sirius (CSO – Costruzione Strumenti Oftalmici S. r. l., Italy) corneal topography device.Results The mean NIF-BUT in post-COVID-19 and control patients was 5.2 ± 3.4 vs. 6.5 ± 3.2 sec, respectively. The mean NIAvg-BUT in the corresponding groups was 7.5 ± 3.5 vs. 8.8 ± 3.0 sec, respectively. Both NIF-BUT and NIAvg-BUT were significantly lower in the post-COVID-19 group than in controls (p = 0.004 vs. 0.020). Topographical tear film break-up at any time during the test (17 sec) was observed qualitatively in 79 eyes (64.8%) in the post-COVID-19 group and 57 eyes (46%) in the control group (p = 0.003). Moreover, temporal quadrant involvement occurred significantly more frequently in the post-COVID-19 group (p = 0.028).Conclusion Tear film stability assessment based on T-BUT showed shorter NIF-BUT and NIAvg-BUT in post-COVID-19 patients as compared to the control group. Our results suggest that post-COVID-19 patients have impaired stability of tear film, and therefore require closer monitoring regarding dry eye. In addition, tear film instability in post-COVID-19 patients can be reliably detected using a noninvasive and noncontact technique that is more comfortable for both patients and physicians.
Hot pack rolling of spark-plasma-sintered pre-alloyed powders to fabricate Ti2AlNb sheets
Authors: Sui Xiaochong , Wang Guofeng , Liu Qing , Luo Shuyi 
Published: October 2021

In this work, spark-plasma-sintered Ti-20.3Al-24.7Nb (at.-%) compact was pack rolled in different phase fields to fabricate Ti2AlNb sheets with high strength and ductility without post-heat treatment. The nano O phases in the B2 matrix contributed to the high tensile strength and ductility in a single B2 phase field. In the O + B2 phase field, the O phases remarkably increased in size and resulted in high tensile strength of 1407.1 MPa. Maintaining the O phases to nano sizes and cooperation with micro-sized α2 phases resulted in extremely high elongation of 13.91% in the α2+O + B2 phase field. The [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] strengthening effects of the α2 and O phases under different conditions were analysed in detail. Highlights Spark-plasma-sintered pre-alloyed powders are used as the raw compact before hot pack rolled Ti2AlNb sheet. Ti2AlNb sheets with good mechanical properties are obtained without any post-heat treatment. This ‘SPS pre-alloyed powder + hot pack rolling’ method has great potential in breaking the limit in sheet properties. The strengthening effects of different factors are analysed.
Combined high‐intensity interval training as an obesity‐management strategy for adolescents
Authors: Videira‐Silva António , Hetherington‐Rauth Megan , Sardinha Luís B. , Fonseca Helena 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTEffective and safe exercise protocols for obesity management in adolescents are imperative. This study aimed to analyse compliance, efficacy, and safety of combined high‐intensity interval training circuit (HIIT) in the management of obesity (including overweight) in adolescents, compared to traditional training (TT). Data from 55 adolescents (47.3% girls) (TT n = 31; HIIT n = 24), aged 12–18 (mean age of 14.3 ± 1.7), with overweight and obesity (median BMI z‐score of 2.95), were assessed at baseline and month 6 (Clinicaltrials.gov/NCT02941770). During the 6‐month intervention, participants in both exercise groups attended two exercise sessions/week (60 min/session) along with a set of appointments with a paediatrician, nutritionist, and exercise physiologist. Forty‐six participants completed the intervention (TT n = 23; HIIT n = 23). Exercise session attendance (≥80%) was significantly higher among HIIT participants (73.9 vs. 13.0%, p < .001). HIIT, but not TT, showed a significant decrease in BMI z‐score (d = 0.40, p < .001), body fat mass (BFM, %) (d = 0.41, p = .001), and trunk fat mass (d = 0.56, p < .001), as well as a significant increase in muscle mass (MM, %) (d = 0.28, p = .001) between baseline and 6 months. According to generalized estimating equations, time‐by‐attendance interactions (instead of time‐by group) were found in BMI z‐score (β = 0.25, 95%CI: 0.17, 0.33), BFM (β = 2.29, 95%CI: 1.02, 3.56), trunk fat mass (β = 2.94, 95%CI: 1.70, 4.18), and MM (β = −1.16, 95%CI: −1.87, −0.45). No adverse events were reported during HIIT sessions. Although compliance may mediate the impact of an exercise protocol on health‐related outcomes, HIIT showed to be safe, with higher compliance compared to TT, which may result in improved outcomes overtime.
Dielectric nanocavity-coupled surface lattice resonances for high-efficiency plasmonic sensing
Authors: Hu Jinyong , Tan Chuxuan , Bai Wangdi , Li Yiming , Lin Qi , Wang Lingling 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Surface lattice resonances (SLRs) arising in metal nanostructure arrays have shown tremendous application prospects in the field of plasmonic biosensing. However, these SLRs still suffer from poor optical properties, such as broad linewidth or weak resonance intensity that is especially excited under normal incidence and asymmetric environments, which hinder further practical applications. Herein, we theoretically propose an effective strategy to tailor the SLRs performance of metal nanostructure arrays by introducing a dielectric nanocavity. Originating from the strong interference between the in-plane lattice resonance mode and plasmonic gap cavity modes, the dielectric nanocavity-mediated gold nanostructure arrays exhibit both narrow spectral features with a linewidth of ∼8.2 nm and strong resonance intensity with absorbance amplitude exceeding 95%, even though under normal incidence and asymmetric environment excitation. The simulation results then show that the sensitivity and the figure of merit can reach up to 527.5 nm RIU−1 and 64.3, respectively, as for plasmonic refractive index sensing. This work not only paves the way toward the achievement of effective control of in-plane SLRs, but also provides a potentially attractive candidate for the development of high-efficiency plasmonic sensors.
Active spoof plasmonics: from design to applications
Authors: Ren Yi , Zhang Jingjing , Gao Xinxin , Zheng Xin , Liu Xinyu , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Spoof plasmonic metamaterials enable the transmission of electromagnetic energies with strong field confinement, opening new pathways to the miniaturization of devices for modern communications. The design of active, reconfigurable, and nonlinear devices for the efficient generation and guidance, dynamic modulation, and accurate detection of spoof surface plasmonic signals has become one of the major research directions in the field of spoof plasmonic metamaterials. In this article, we review recent progress in the studies on spoof surface plasmons with a special focus on the active spoof surface plasmonic devices and systems. Different design schemes are introduced, and the related applications including reconfigurable filters, high-resolution sensors for chemical and biological sensing, graphene-based attenuators, programmable and multi-functional devices, nonlinear devices, splitters, leaky-wave antennas and multi-scheme digital modulators are discussed. The presence of active SSPPs based on different design schemes makes it possible to dynamically control electromagnetic waves in real time. The promising future of active spoof plasmonic metamaterials in the communication systems is also speculated.
Microstructure property classification of nickel-based superalloys using deep learning
Authors: Nwachukwu Uchechukwu , Obaied Abdulmonem , Horst Oliver Martin , Ali Muhammad Adil , Steinbach Ingo , Roslyakova Irina 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Nickel-based superalloys have a wide range of applications in high temperature and stress domains due to their unique mechanical properties. Under mechanical loading at high temperatures, rafting occurs, which reduces the service life of these materials. Rafting is heavily affected by the loading conditions associated with plastic strain; therefore, understanding plastic strain evolution can help understand these material’s service life. This research classifies nickel-based superalloys with respect to creep strain with deep learning techniques, a technique that eliminates the need for manual feature extraction of complex microstructures. Phase-field simulation data that displayed similar results to experiments were used to build a model with pre-trained neural networks with several convolutional neural network architectures and hyper-parameters. The optimized hyper-parameters were transferred to scanning electron microscopy images of nickel-based superalloys to build a new model. This fine-tuning process helped mitigate the effect of a small experimental dataset. The built models achieved a classification accuracy of 97.74% on phase-field data and 100% accuracy on experimental data after fine-tuning.
Strain tailored thermodynamic stability, electronic transitions, and optoelectronic properties of III (In, Ga and Al)-nitride monolayers
Authors: Kumar Nilesh , Chaurasiya Rajneesh , Dixit Ambesh 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The thermodynamic stability of III-nitride monolayers is calculated using the phonon band structure. Electronic properties are computed using the generalized gradient approximation-Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof exchange-correlation potentials, which show the semiconducting behavior with bandgap 0.59 eV, 2.034 eV, and 2.906 eV for InN, GaN, and AlN monolayers, respectively. The biaxial tensile and compressive strains are used as external stimuli to understand their impact on the optoelectronic properties of these monolayers. The thermodynamic stability of strained monolayers is investigated to explore the maximum possible strains, i.e. flexibility limit, these monolayers can sustain. These monolayers are more sensitive to compressive strains, showing thermodynamic instability even at 1% compressive strain for all the considered monolayers. Further, the III-nitride monolayers are more robust with the tensile strain. InN, GaN, and AlN monolayers can sustain up to 4%, 16%, and 18% tensile strain, respectively. More interestingly, the electronic transitions, such as direct to indirect and semiconducting to metallic, are noticed with strain in the considered monolayers. The optical properties also exhibit strong strain dependency at the different transition points.
The calculation for quantized valence subband structure of zinc-blende GaN heterojunction quantum well based on k·p method
Authors: Liu Yaqun , Li Xiyue , Zhang Gary , Wang Everett X , Wang Jing 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A quantized valence subband model is proposed to study the energy dispersion of zinc-blende GaN P-channel heterojunction quantum well under arbitrary stress. Anisotropic band structures of bulk GaN and GaN in quantum well under field confinement effect are computed using a six-band stress-dependent k·p Hamiltonian and self-consistently Poisson–Schrödinger equation. A comprehensive study of microscopic relationship between stress and hole effective mass in GaN quantum well has been performed according to the stress effects on quantized valence subband. Simulation results show that uniaxial compression can be considered as the most effective stress in the hole effective mass reduction of zinc-blende GaN heterojunction.