bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is the significance of hearing a heart murmur during the newborn physical examination?
Authors: Seignior Helen Louise 
Published: March 2021

Background Newborn screening for congenital heart disease (CHD) forms part of the newborn physical examination (NPE) in the UK. However, research has shown that up to 50% of cases of CHD can be missed by this examination. The purpose of this literature review is to investigate the significance of hearing an asymptomatic heart murmur at the NPE in relation to the presence of CHD. Methodology A critical literature review was conducted to answer the research question. The findings were discussed using a narrative synthesis approach. Findings There was considerable heterogeneity of results. The prevalence of murmur in newborns ranged between 0.6%–10.7%. Between 13%–67% of those newborns had some form of CHD, although many had clinically insignificant lesions. Between 2%–9% of newborns with murmurs had a form of critical CHD (CCHD). The ability to discern whether a heart murmur relates to pathology or not improves with experience. No single optimal timing for the NPE was identified. Pulse oximetry was shown to increase sensitivity of screening for CCHD. Conclusion There is a significant increase in the prevalence of CHD when a newborn has a heart murmur, hence referral for diagnostic echocardiography is required when a heart murmur is identified. Pulse oximetry is an important adjunct to newborn screening for CCHD. Some newborns affected by CCHD will not present with murmur at the NPE. Therefore, those caring for newborns during the early days must know the signs and symptoms of CHD so that appropriate medical assistance can be sought.
Engineering light absorption at critical coupling via bound states in the continuum
Authors: Xiao Shuyuan , Wang Xing , Duan Junyi , Liu Tingting , Yu Tianbao 
Published: March 2021

Recent progress in nanophotonics is driven by the desire to engineer light–matter interaction in two-dimensional (2D) materials using high-quality resonances in plasmonic and dielectric structures. Here, we demonstrate a link between radiation control at critical coupling and metasurface-based bound states in the continuum (BIC) physics, and develop a generalized theory to engineer light absorption of 2D materials in coupling resonance metasurfaces. In a typical example of hybrid graphene–dielectric metasurfaces, we present manipulation of the absorption bandwidth by more than one order of magnitude by simultaneously adjusting the asymmetry parameter of silicon resonators governed by BIC and graphene surface conductivity while the absorption efficiency remains maximum. This work reveals the generalized role of BIC in radiation control at critical coupling, and provides promising strategies in engineering light absorption of 2D materials for high-efficiency optoelectronics device applications, e.g., light emission, detection, and modulation.
A nationwide study of metabolic syndrome prevalence in Iran; a comparative analysis of six definitions
Authors: Tabatabaei-Malazy Ozra , Saeedi Moghaddam Sahar , Rezaei Nazila , Sheidaei Ali , Hajipour Mohammad Javad , Mahmoudi Negar , Mahmoudi Zohreh , Dilmaghani-Marand Arezou , Rezaee Kamyar , Sabooni Mahdi , Razi Farideh , Kompani Farzad , Delavari Alireza , Larijani Bagher , Farzadfar Farshad 
Published: March 2021

Introduction
To integrate and execute a proper preventive plan and reduce the risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), policy makers need to have access to both reliable data and a unique definition of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study was conducted on the data collected by cross-sectional studies of WHO’s STEPwise approach to surveillance of NCD risk factors (STEPs) to estimate the national and sub-national prevalence rates of MetS in Iran in 2016.

Materials and methods
The prevalence of MetS was estimated among 18,414 individuals aged ≥25 years living in urban and rural areas of Iran using various definition criteria; National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III 2004 (ATP III), International Diabetes Federation (IDF), American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI), Joint Interim Statement (JIS). Regional IDF (RIDF) and JIS (RJIS) were defined using ethnicity-specific values of waist circumference for the country.

Results
National prevalence rate of MetS based on ATP III, IDF, AHA/NHLBI, JIS, RIDF and RJIS criteria were 38.3% (95% CI 37.4–39.1), 43.5% (42.7–44.4), 40.9% (40.1–41.8), 47.6% (46.8–48.5), 32.0% (31.2–32.9), and 40.8% (40.0–41.7), respectively. The prevalence was higher among females, in urban residents, and those aged 65–69 years. MetS was expected to affect about 18.7, 21.3, 20.0, 23.3, 15.7, and 20.0 million Iranians, respectively, based on ATP III, IDF, AHA/NHLBI, JIS, RIDF and RJIS. The two most common components noted in this population were reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and central obesity.

Conclusion
High prevalence rate of MetS among Iranian adults is alarming, especially among females, urban residents, and the elderly. The JIS definition criteria is more appropriate to determine higher number of Iranians at risk of NCDs. Proper management and prevention of MetS is required to adopt multiple national plans including lifestyle modifications, medical interventions, and public education on NCDs risk factors.
Association of lower urinary tract symptoms and hip fracture in adults aged ≥ 50 years
Authors: Liu Pin-Sung , Huang Huei-Kai , Ding Dah-Ching 
Published: March 2021

Aim
Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) result in morbidities; however, their association with the occurrence of hip fracture is relatively unknown in the context of Asian studies. The purpose of the study was to investigate this link with the hip fracture risk in Taiwanese men and women aged 50 years and above.

Materials and methods
From 2000 through 2012, a population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted; claims data of 18,976 patients diagnosed with LUTS (dysuria, urinary retention, incontinence, and increased urinary frequency and urgency) were retrieved from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database. The patients were compared with 1:2 age, sex, and index year-matched controls (comparison group, n = 37,952). The incidence and hazard ratios of the hip fracture risk were calculated by the Cox proportional hazard regression models.

Results
The mean age was 66.2 ± 9.7 years, and the proportion of men was 58.1% in both study groups. Fractures occurred in 772 patients and 1,156 control subjects. The corresponding incidences were 7.0 and 5.0/1000 person-years. Compared to the control subjects, the patients with LUTS had an increased hip fracture risk [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.29; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17–1.42]. LUTS was independently associated with an increased hip fracture risk in both men (aHR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.08–1.42) and women (aHR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.18–1.53) (p for interaction = 0.557). Similarly, the subgroup effect of age on hip fracture risks was not found (p for interaction = 0.665).

Conclusion
The study found LUTS was associated with an increased risk of hip fracture. Large-scale prospective studies in diverse populations are required to investigate causalities.
Translation and validation of the Dutch version of the health professional education in patient safety survey amongst nursing students in Belgium: A psychometric analysis
Authors: Bergs Jochen , Peeters Katrien , Kortleven Isabel , Creemers Sarah , Ulenaers Dorien , Desmedt Melissa , Schrooten Ward 
Published: March 2021

Objectives
Evaluate the psychometric properties of the Dutch version of the Health Professional Education in Patient Safety Survey (H-PEPSSDutch), an instrument used to assess self-efficacy regarding patient safety competence.

Methods
The H-PEPSSDutch was administered to 610 students in two Belgian nursing schools. We used confirmatory factor analysis, for both classroom and clinical learning, to examine the psychometric properties.

Results
The analysis of construct validity showed a good fit to the hypothesised models. Cronbach’s alpha values ranged from 0.70 to 0.87 for classroom learning and from 0.56 to 0.86 for clinical learning, indicating good reliability. Differentiating between the H-PEPSS constructs in the clinical setting showed to be complicated; hence, discriminant validity was not supported for all dimensions.

Conclusions
Overall, this provides us with a reliable instrument to measure self-reported patient safety competence among nursing students. Further research is needed to validate the H-PEPSS as a longitudinal monitoring tool and as a pre-and-post measurement on the impact of interventions related to patient safety in the nursing curricula.
PEMIKIRAN K.H. A.WAHID HASYIM TENTANG RELASI ISLAM DAN NEGARA
Authors: Asroni Ahmad 
Published: March 2021

This article describes the thought and political wisdom of K.H.A. Wahid Hasyim about the relationship between Islam and the state. As one of the founders of the Nation, A. Wahid Hasyim was known as a true nationalist figure. This is among others can be seen from its acceptance of the overall chest to the deletion of the Jakarta Charter and the entire formula that explicitly contains Islam in the opening and body/main text of UUD 1945. Although he was one of the people who persistently proposed Islam as the basis of the country, but in his perspective, the unity of the nation of Indonesia is much more important than formal recognition of Islam. The acceptance of Pancasila and the UUD 1945 by A. Wahid Hasyim (as well as several Islamic figures at the time) signifies that they are willing to sacrifice for the interes of the nation. Keywords: ideologization of Islam, formalization, state, nationalism
Detection of adverse events leading to inadvertent injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Beyersdorffer Patrick , Kunert Wolfgang , Jansen Kai , Miller Johanna , Wilhelm Peter , Burgert Oliver , Kirschniak Andreas , Rolinger Jens 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Uncontrolled movements of laparoscopic instruments can lead to inadvertent injury of adjacent structures. The risk becomes evident when the dissecting instrument is located outside the field of view of the laparoscopic camera. Technical solutions to ensure patient safety are appreciated. The present work evaluated the feasibility of an automated binary classification of laparoscopic image data using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to determine whether the dissecting instrument is located within the laparoscopic image section. A unique record of images was generated from six laparoscopic cholecystectomies in a surgical training environment to configure and train the CNN. By using a temporary version of the neural network, the annotation of the training image files could be automated and accelerated. A combination of oversampling and selective data augmentation was used to enlarge the fully labeled image data set and prevent loss of accuracy due to imbalanced class volumes. Subsequently the same approach was applied to the comprehensive, fully annotated Cholec80 database. The described process led to the generation of extensive and balanced training image data sets. The performance of the CNN-based binary classifiers was evaluated on separate test records from both databases. On our recorded data, an accuracy of 0.88 with regard to the safety-relevant classification was achieved. The subsequent evaluation on the Cholec80 data set yielded an accuracy of 0.84. The presented results demonstrate the feasibility of a binary classification of laparoscopic image data for the detection of adverse events in a surgical training environment using a specifically configured CNN architecture.
Reduced forms in the nominal morphology of the Lindisfarne Gospel Gloss. A case of accusative/dative syncretism?
Authors: Fernández-Cuesta Julia , Rodríguez-Ledesma Nieves 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
One of the most characteristic features of the grammar of the Lindisfarne Gospel gloss is the absence of the etymological -e inflection in the dative singular in the paradigm of the strong masculine and neuter declension (a-stems). Ross (1960: 38) already noted that endingless forms of the nominative/accusative cases were quite frequent in contexts where a dative singular in -e would be expected, to the extent that he labeled the forms in -e ‘rudimentary dative.’ The aim of this article is to assess to what extent the dative singular is still found as a separate case in the paradigms of the masculine and neuter a-stems and root nouns. To this end a quantitative/statistical analysis of nouns belonging to these classes has been carried out in contexts where the Latin lemma is either accusative or dative. We have tried to determine whether variables such as syntactic context, noun class, and frequency condition the presence or absence of the -e inflection, and whether the distribution of the inflected and uninflected forms is different in the various demarcations that have been identified in the gloss. The data have been retrieved using the Dictionary of Old English Corpus. All tokens have been checked against the facsimile edition and the digitised manuscript in order to detect possible errors.
Pulp pumping efficiency I – A critical review on loss and its estimation
Authors: Zhang Qihua , Kang Shun , Xie Zhiang , Cao Li , Yan Zhaoxu , Zhang Weidong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWith growing demand of paper products, the electric consumption in pulp and paper industry is increasing globally where a share of 30 % is attributed to the pulp pumping system. The efficient designing and running of pumping system are critical for energy efficiency. The incomplete information on pulp flows and the oversized designs are the major causes of low efficiency. In the first part of this research, the fiber level models and rheological properties covering a series of unit applications are examined. A loss model of pulp pump is set up by considering different factors influencing pumping performance. The efficiency improvement opportunities in pulp pumping are systematically investigated. The drag-reducing feature at low consistency pulp pumping is highlighted which will be further applied in energy optimized sizing and dimensioning of a pulp pump in the second part of this research.
The Impact of a Repeated Sprint Training Program on Performance Measures in Male Field Hockey Players
Authors: Taylor Luke , Jakeman John R. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Taylor, L and Jakeman, JR. The impact of a repeated sprint training program on performance measures in male field hockey players. J Strength Cond Res 36(7): 1984–1988, 2022—Sprint interval training (SIT) has been shown to be effective at improving athletic performance in laboratory studies, but the efficacy of SIT programs incorporated into normal training schedules is poorly considered. This study aimed to investigate the impact of a running SIT intervention applied to competitive athletes within a training program and to consider whether an uphill or flat (horizontal) SIT protocol had different effects on performance changes over time. Eighteen male hockey players (mean ± SD: age, 20.7 ± 0.9 years; hockey training experience, 9.9 ± 3.0 years) completed 2 sessions of SIT per week for 8 weeks, with intensity progressively increasing from 6 sprints in week 1 to 12 sprints in week 8. Subjects were randomly allocated to a flat or uphill (6% gradient) training condition (n = 9) and completed 30-m maximal sprint efforts with a 30-second recovery. Performance measures, including squat jump, 30-m sprint speed, and repeated sprint time, all improved significantly (p ≤ 0.05). Squat jump performance improved by 3.84 (d = 0.8) and 3.55 (d = 0.7) in the flat and uphill groups, respectively. Thirty-meter sprint speed improved by 0.06 (d = −0.4) and 0.10 (d = −0.7), and repeated sprint performance also improved, with the fastest of recorded sprints after intervention being 0.06 and 0.04 faster in the flat and uphill groups, respectively. Supplementing a normal hockey training week with SIT can have a positive impact on performance measures in male university hockey players. Furthermore, using an uphill training modality had a small, nonsignificant additional positive effect to some performance adaptations.
Uma África do Sul pós independência analisada sob a perspectiva pós-colonial: da emancipação ao Apartheid
Authors: Lima Gabrielle , Colino Izabella 
Published: March 2021

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo utilizar-se dos estudos pós-coloniais para analisar o contexto da África do Sul, desde sua independência até a instituição e desenvolvimento do Apartheid. Baseando-se principalmente nos escritos de Albert Memmi e Immanuel Wallerstein, discorrer-se-ão perspectivas políticas, econômicas e sociais para comentar o processo de descolonização do país. Em conclusão, nota-se que, apesar da emancipação sul-africana da sua antiga metrópole, ideais de opressão e desigualdade continuaram a ser perpetuados.Palavras-chave: África do Sul; Pós-colonialismo; Apartheid. AbstractThe present research aims to make use of the postcolonial studies to analyze the South African context, from its independence until the establishment and development of the Apartheid. The theoretical basis of this study are the works of Albert Memmi and Immanuel Wallerstein. Based on these authors, this paper will illustrate the political, economical, and social perspectives of the decolonization process in South Africa. In conclusion, it is identified that, even though South Africa was emancipated from its old metropolis, ideals of oppression and inequality were still being sustained.Keywords: South Africa; Postcolonialism; Apartheid.
Enzymatic characterization of blood lymphocytes in various clinical and pathogenetic variants of respiratory allergy
Authors: Lazareva A. M. , Kolenchukova O. A. , Smirnova S. V. 
Published: March 2021

Allergy is a sufficient social and economic issue of modern times. Altered immunity in allergic disorders is based, mainly, on the lymphocyte disturbances.Immune characteristics depend both on populations and subpopulational profile of immune cells, and on intrinsic intensity and specific features of theirintracellular metabolism. Interest to studies of intracellular metabolism of lymphocytes id determined by high-scale energetic and plastic processes aimed for support of immune homeostasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the state of intracellular metabolism in peripheral blood lymphocytes from the patients with respiratory allergies of different genesis and respiratory affection.The study included patients with various clinical variants of respiratory allergy (n = 152) at the age of 21 to 63 years old, and virtually healthy blood donors (n = 209), comparable for age and sex. Within these cohorts, we have separately analyzed, e.g., respiratory atopy (atopic rhinosinusitis and atopic bronchial asthma), as well as respiratory pseudoatopy (polypous rhinosinusitis and asthmatic triad). Allergic disorders of upper respiratory ways were diagnosed in a complex clinical examination by allergologist/immunologist and otorhinolaryngologists. Bronchial asthma verification was based on current GINA criteria (2014). We used m standard common clinical methods and specific allergological diagnostics, e.g., allergological anamnesis, skin prick tests, with different non-infectious allergens, measurement of total and specific IgE’s with ELISA method. The parameters of intracellular metabolism of peripheral blood lymphocytes were determined with bioluminescent technique with bacterial luciferase. Actifity of NAD(P) and NAD(P)H enzymes was measured.Dehydrogenase activities in lymphocytes were expressed as enzyme un its (EU, 1 unit = 1 mcmol/min) per 104 cells.Certain changes of intracellular activities in peripheral lymphocytes are revealed, dependent on genesis and origin of allergic inflammation, and affection level of respiratory ways. In respiratory atopy (atopic rhinosinusitis and atopic bronchial asthma), irrelevant on the level of respiratory affection, the activities of intracellular enzymes suggest increased plastic processes that are maximally pronounced in atopic bronchial asthma. In respiratory pseudoatopy (polypous rhinosinusitis and asthmatic triad) the metabolic changes of lymphocytes presume activation of both plastic and energetic processes, with decreased intensity in asthmatic triad condition. Independent on genesis of respiratory allergic inflammation, we have determined low activity of NAD(P)-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase, and NAD(H)-dependent lactate dehydrogenase in allergic inflammation of upper respiratory ways (atopic rhinosinusitis and polypous). Its activity is statistically higher in bronchial asthma (atopic bronchial asthma and asthmatic triad.
Impact of Lockdown on General Surgery Patients in Mankweng Hospital, Limpopo
Authors: Bhuiyan Mirza 
Published: March 2021

Background: Based on data from the World Health Organisation, it has been shown that Novel Corona virus pandemic disrupts normal activity in whole world. Lockdowns are known to reduce the transmission of virus and enforced almost in the entire world based on countries recommendations. In South Africa, lockdown measures were imposed from 26th March 2020 and health care services became seriously affected particularly elective surgical operations. Objectives: Main aim of the study is to estimate the effect of lockdown on the general surgery services in Mankweng hospital. Method: This is a retrospective cross sectional observational descriptive study. Data for study include admission, operation & attendance to outpatient clinic collected during a lockdown period of 3 months(April-June 2020) and normal period of 3 months(April-June 2019) from Mankweng Hospital Information System.
Result: During the lockdown period April-June 2020, total 291 patients were seen in Surgical Outpatient Department and 122 in Breast Oncology Clinic. There were 197 patients admitted to the hospital and 120 operations performed in theatres. During April-June in 2019, total 442 patients were seen in Surgical Outpatient Department and 152 in Breast Oncology Clinic. There were 500 patients admitted to the hospital and 166 operations performed in theatres. During lockdown elective general surgery operations were reduced noticeably. Conclusions: Restoration of elective operations should start as soon as Corona virus pandemic slows down and extra elective theatre list should be enrolled during weekends to reduce the backlog at least for few months.