bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective study of oral microbiome and gastric cancer risk among Asian, African American and European American populations
Authors: Yang Yaohua , Long Jirong , Wang Cong , Blot William J. , Pei Zhiheng , Shu Xiang , Wu Fen , Rothman Nathaniel , Wu Jie , Lan Qing , Cai Qiuyin , Zheng Wei , Chen Yu , Shu Xiao‐Ou 
Published: October 2021

AbstractColonization of specific bacteria in the human mouth was reported to be associated with gastric cancer risk. However, previous studies were limited by retrospective study designs and low taxonomic resolutions. We performed a prospective case‐control study nested within three cohorts to investigate the relationship between oral microbiome and gastric cancer risk. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing was employed to characterize the microbiome in prediagnostic buccal samples from 165 cases and 323 matched controls. Associations of overall microbial richness and abundance of microbial taxa, gene families and metabolic pathways with gastric cancer risk were evaluated via conditional logistic regression. Analyses were performed within each cohort, and results were combined by meta‐analyses. We found that overall microbial richness was associated with decreased gastric cancer risk, with an odds ratio (OR) per standard deviation (SD) increase in Simpson's reciprocal index of 0.77 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.61‐0.99). Nine taxa, 38 gene families and six pathways also showed associations with gastric cancer risk at P < .05. Neisseria mucosa and Prevotella pleuritidis were enriched, while Mycoplasma orale and Eubacterium yurii were depleted among cases with ORs and 95% CIs per SD increase in centered log‐ratio transformed taxa abundance of 1.31 (1.03‐1.67), 1.26 (1.00‐1.57), 0.74 (0.59‐0.94) and 0.80 (0.65‐0.98), respectively. The top two gene families (P = 3.75 × 10−4 and 3.91 × 10−4) and pathways (P = 1.75 × 10−3 and 1.53 × 10−3) associated with gastric cancer were related to the decreased risk and are involved in hexitol metabolism. Our study supports the hypothesis that oral microbiota may play a role in gastric cancer etiology.
Antepartum stillbirth rates during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Austria: A population‐based study
Authors: Muin Dana A. , Neururer Sabrina , Falcone Veronica , Windsperger Karin , Helmer Hanns , Leitner Hermann , Kiss Herbert , Farr Alex 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has had dramatic effects on the pregnant population worldwide, increasing the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes.ObjectiveTo assess the incidence of antepartum stillbirth (aSB) during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Austria.MethodsWe collected epidemiological data from the Austrian Birth Registry and compared the rate of aSB (i.e., fetal death at or after 24+0 gestational weeks) during the pandemic period (March–December 2020) and in the respective pre‐pandemic months (2015–2019).ResultsIn total, 65 660 pregnancies were included, of which 171 resulted in aSB at 33.7 ± 4.8 gestational weeks. During the pandemic, the aSB rate increased from 2.49‰ to 2.60‰ (P = 0.601), in contrast to the significant decline in preterm deliveries at or before 37 gestational weeks from 0.61‰ to 0.56‰ (relative risk [RR] 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.91–0.96; P < 0.001). During the first lockdown, the aSB rate significantly increased from 2.38‰ to 3.52‰ (P = 0.021), yielding an adjusted odds ratio of 1.57 (95% CI 1.08–2.27; P = 0.018). The event of aSB during the COVID‐19 pandemic was strongly related with increased fetal weight and maternal obesity.ConclusionIn Austria, there has been an overall increase in the incidence of aSB during the pandemic with a significant peak during the first lockdown.
Depth‐dependent in vivo human skin backscattering spectra extraction from full‐field optical coherence tomography
Authors: Soundararajan Rajendran , Hsu Ting‐Wei , Qin Yanding , Huang Sheng‐Lung 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWith homemade active crystalline fibers, we generated bright and broadband light sources for full‐field optical coherence tomography, offering deep penetration into skin tissues with cellular resolution at a high frame rate. Extraction of backscattered spectra from the tissue has potential applications in biomedicine. The hysteresis nonlinearity of the piezoelectric transducer actuating the Mirau interferometer has been greatly reduced by a feedforward compensation approach. The linearized hysteresis response enables us to extract depth‐dependent spectra accurately. To validate, the complex dispersion of a fused silica plate was characterized with 2% error. Further validation on an in vitro setting, the backscattered spectra from indocyanine green pigment and nonpigmented microspheres were obtained and verified. For in vivo skin measurement, the backscattered spectra show depth‐dependent spectral shift and bandwidth variation due to the complex skin anatomy and pigment absorption. Such a high‐speed spectra acquisition of in vivo deep tissue backscattering could lead to disease diagnosis in clinical settings.
Parental Origin of Gsα Inactivation Differentially Affects Bone Remodeling in a Mouse Model of Albright Hereditary Osteodystrophy
Authors: McMullan Patrick , Maye Peter , Yang Qingfen , Rowe David W. , Germain‐Lee Emily L. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTAlbright hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO) is caused by heterozygous inactivation of GNAS, a complex locus that encodes the alpha‐stimulatory subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins (Gsα) in addition to NESP55 and XLαs due to alternative first exons. AHO skeletal manifestations include brachydactyly, brachymetacarpia, compromised adult stature, and subcutaneous ossifications. AHO patients with maternally‐inherited GNAS mutations develop pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1A (PHP1A) with resistance to multiple hormones that mediate their actions through G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) requiring Gsα (eg, parathyroid hormone [PTH], thyroid‐stimulating hormone [TSH], growth hormone–releasing hormone [GHRH], calcitonin) and severe obesity. Paternally‐inherited GNAS mutations cause pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism (PPHP), in which patients have AHO skeletal features but do not develop hormonal resistance or marked obesity. These differences between PHP1A and PPHP are caused by tissue‐specific reduction of paternal Gsα expression. Previous reports in mice have shown loss of Gsα causes osteopenia due to impaired osteoblast number and function and suggest that AHO patients could display evidence of reduced bone mineral density (BMD). However, we previously demonstrated PHP1A patients display normal‐increased BMD measurements without any correlation to body mass index or serum PTH. Due to these observed differences between PHP1A and PPHP, we utilized our laboratory's AHO mouse model to address whether Gsα heterozygous inactivation differentially affects bone remodeling based on the parental inheritance of the mutation. We identified fundamental distinctions in bone remodeling between mice with paternally‐inherited (GnasE1+/−p) versus maternally‐inherited (GnasE1+/−m) mutations, and these findings were observed predominantly in female mice. Specifically, GnasE1+/−p mice exhibited reduced bone parameters due to impaired bone formation and enhanced bone resorption. GnasE1+/−m mice, however, displayed enhanced bone parameters due to both increased osteoblast activity and normal bone resorption. These in vivo distinctions in bone remodeling between GnasE1+/−p and GnasE1+/−m mice could potentially be related to changes in the bone microenvironment driven by calcitonin‐resistance within GnasE1+/−m osteoclasts. Further studies are warranted to assess how Gsα influences osteoblast–osteoclast coupling. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Fracture Risk Following an Atypical Femoral Fracture
Authors: Bégin Marie-Josée , Audet Marie-Claude , Chevalley Thierry , Portela Marina , Padlina Ivan , Hannouche Didier , Ing Lorenzini Kuntheavy , Meier Raphaël , Peter Robin , Uebelhart Brigitte , Rizzoli René , Ferrari Serge , Biver Emmanuel 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Atypical femoral fractures (AFFs) occurring during the course of osteoporosis treatment usually lead to discontinuation of anti-resorptive (AR) drugs. However, the risk of fracture after an AFF is unknown. We conducted a follow-up study of patients with AFF matched 1:3 for age and gender with patients with a peripheral major osteoporotic fracture (pMOF), in the setting of a fracture liaison service, to investigate the incidence of subsequent low-trauma fractures. Fifty-five patients with AFF (95% women, age [mean ± standard deviation] 75 ± 10 years, 89% exposed to AR drugs), followed for 6.2 ± 3.7 years, were compared to 165 matched controls with a pMOF (hip 85%) followed for 4.3 ± 2.6 years. During the follow-up, 38% of patients in the AFF group and 16% in the pMOF group received AR therapies. Continuation of AR drugs after an AFF was associated with contralateral AFF in 27% of subjects. The risks of new low-trauma, major osteoporotic and imminent (within 2 years) fractures, were similar between the two groups: incidence rate ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]) of subsequent fracture following AFF relative to pMOF, 1.30 (95% CI, 0.82–2.04), 1.28 (95% CI, 0.74–2.15), and 1.11 (95% CI, 0.54–2.15), respectively. Moreover, the risk of sustaining multiple fractures per participant was significantly increased among patients with AFF compared to pMOF (hazard ratio 1.48 [95% CI, 1.00–2.19]; p = 0.049). When taking mortality into account, the risk of subsequent fractures tended to be higher in the AFF group (sub-hazard ratio 1.42 [95% CI, 0.95–2.12]). In conclusion, patients who sustained an AFF are at high risk of subsequent fragility fractures, at least equal or even greater to the risk observed after a pMOF. However, continuation of AR drugs increases the risk of contralateral AFF. Therefore, optimal modalities for secondary fracture prevention after AFF require further evaluation. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
SLC4A2 Deficiency Causes a New Type of Osteopetrosis
Authors: Xue Jing-Yi , Grigelioniene Giedre , Wang Zheng , Nishimura Gen , Iida Aritoshi , Matsumoto Naomichi , Tham Emma , Miyake Noriko , Ikegawa Shiro , Guo Long 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Osteopetrosis is a group of rare inherited skeletal disorders characterized by a marked increase in bone density due to deficient bone resorption. Pathogenic variants in several genes involved in osteoclast differentiation and/or function have been reported to cause osteopetrosis. Solute carrier family 4 member 2 (SLC4A2, encoding anion exchanger 2) plays an important role in osteoclast differentiation and function by exchange of Cl− with HCO3−. Biallelic Slc4a2 loss-of-function mutations in mice and cattle lead to osteopetrosis with osteoclast deficiency; however, pathogenic SLC4A2 variants in humans have not been reported. In this study, we describe a patient with autosomal recessive osteopetrosis due to biallelic pathogenic variants in SLC4A2. We identified novel compound heterozygous variants in SLC4A2 (NM_003040.4: c.556G&gt;A [p.A186T] and c.1658T&gt;C [p.V553A]) by exome sequencing. The measurement of intracellular Cl− showed that the variants decrease the anion exchange activity of SLC4A2. The impact of the variants on osteoclast differentiation was assessed by a gene knockout-rescue system using a mouse macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7. The Slc4a2-knockout cells show impaired osteoclastogenesis, which was rescued by the wild-type SLC4A2, but not by the mutant SLC4A2s. Immunofluorescence and pit assay revealed that the mutant SLC4A2s leads to abnormal podosome belt formation with impaired bone absorption. This is the first report on an individual affected by SLC4A2-associated osteopetrosis (osteopetrosis, Ikegawa type). With functional studies, we prove that the variants lead to SLC4A2 dysfunction, which altogether supports the importance of SLC4A2 in human osteoclast differentiation. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Steam explosion pretreatment of coffee husks: a strategy towards decarbonization in a biorefinery approach
Authors: da Fonseca Yasmim A , Silva Nayara CS , Fernandes Ana RAC , Faria Marina V , Adarme Oscar FH , Passos Fabiana , Baêta Bruno EL 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDCoffee husks (CH) are an abundant lignocellulosic residue that can be converted into biofuels and bioproducts through sustainable and economical processes in a biorefinery approach. For that, steam explosion (SE) pretreatment stands out as a technique to overcome its recalcitrant nature and enable byproduct valorization. In this study, solid and liquid fractions were separated after pretreatment for saccharification and biogas production, respectively. The research relevance relies on the contribution to environment decarbonization and monetization of decarbonization credits (CBIO) generated from the production of renewable fuel from waste biomass under different operational conditions (with and without pretreatment).RESULTSLiquid hydrolysate generated by SE condition at 210 °C and 15 min led to the highest biomethane production (292 NmL CH4 g CODfed−1). Similarly, high‐severity pretreatment also favored the enzymatic hydrolysis yield of the solid fraction (49%). In terms of environment decarbonization, SE promoted not only a lower carbon intensity when compared to the process without any pretreatment (3.8 vs. 6.4 g CO2eq MJ−1), but also increased the monetization of decarbonization credits by 175%, which represented a potential revenue of US $1 481 330.CONCLUSIONHigh temperatures of SE pretreatment of CH at 210 °C were able to promote biogas production and fermentable sugars. In addition, the process reduced carbon emissions and increased the revenue from CBIO commercialization. Therefore, SE proved to be a sustainable and economic alternative for consideration in new green businesses from lignocellulosic residues such as CH. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Digital image analysis of gunshot residue dimensional dispersion by computer vision method
Authors: Kara Ilker , Tahillioglu Ersan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDetection and identification of gunshot residues (GSR) have been used as base evidence in elucidating forensic cases. GSR particles consist of burnt and partially unburned material and contaminate the hands, face, hair, and clothes of the shooter when coming out of the gun. Nowadays, GSR samples are collected from the hands of the suspect and are analyzed routinely in forensic laboratories by the scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) method. GSR particles are comprised of a morphological and specific structure (generally spherical and have a diameter between 0 and 100 μm [occasionally even larger]). In addition, the present studies in the field have claimed that GSR particles during formation are formed under equilibrium surface distribution and are unrelated to morphological dimensional classification. Our contribution to this study is two‐folded. First, this study offers a new approach to identify images of GSR particles by computer vision gathered by SEM/EDS method from the hand of the shooter. Second, it presents open access to the SEM/EDS image data set of the analyzed GSR. During the study, a new data set consisting of 22,408 samples from three different types of MKEK (Mechanical and Chemical Industries Corporation) brand ammunition has been used. It is seen in the results that the computer vision method has been successful in the dimensional classification of GSR.
Fate and transport in environmental quality
Authors: Pachepsky Y. , Anderson R. , Harter T. , Jacques D. , Jamieson R. , Jeong J. , Kim H. , Lamorski K. , Martinez G. , Ouyang Y. , Shukla S. , Wan Y. , Zheng W. , Zhang W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractChanges in pollutant concentrations in environmental media occur both from pollutant transport in water or air and from local processes, such as adsorption, degradation, precipitation, straining, and so on. The terms “fate and transport” and “transport and fate” reflect the coupling of moving with the carrier media and biogeochemical processes describing local transformations or interactions. The Journal of Environmental Quality (JEQ) was one of the first to publish papers on fate and transport (F&T). This paper is a minireview written to commemorate the 50th anniversary of JEQ and show how the research interests, methodology, and public attention have been reflected in fate and transport publications in JEQ during the last 40 years. We report the statistics showing how the representation of different pollutant groups in papers changed with time. Major focus areas have included the effect of solution composition on F&T and concurrent F&T, the role of organic matter, and the relative role of different F&T pathways. The role of temporal and spatial heterogeneity has been studied at different scales. The value of long‐term F&T studies and developments in modeling as the F&T research approach was amply demonstrated. Fate and transport studies have been an essential part of conservation measure evaluation and comparison and ecological risk assessment. For 50 years, JEQ has delivered new insights, methods, and applications related to F&T science. The importance of its service to society is recognized, and we look forward to new generations of F&T researchers presenting their contributions in JEQ.
Super‐Resolution Cine Image Enhancement for Fetal Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Berggren Klas , Ryd Daniel , Heiberg Einar , Aletras Anthony H. , Hedström Erik 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundFetal cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) improves the diagnosis of congenital heart defects, but is sensitive to fetal motion due to long image acquisition time. This may be overcome with faster image acquisition with low resolution, followed by image enhancement to provide clinically useful images.PurposeTo combine phase‐encoding undersampling with super‐resolution neural networks to achieve high‐resolution fetal cine cardiac MR images with short acquisition time.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsTwenty‐eight fetuses (gestational week 36 [interquartile range 33–38 weeks]).Field Strength/Sequence1.5 T, balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP) cine sequence.AssessmentImages were acquired using fully sampled Doppler ultrasound‐gated clinical bSSFP cine as reference, with equivalent cine sequences with decreased phase‐encoding resolution (25%, 33%, and 50% of clinical standard). Two super‐resolution methods based on convolutional neural networks were proposed and evaluated (phasrGAN and phasrresnet). Data were partitioned into training (36 cine slices), validation (3 cine slices), and test sets (67 cine slices) without overlap. Conventional reconstruction methods using bicubic interpolation and k‐space zeropadding were used for comparison. Three blinded observers scored image quality between 1 and 10.Statistical TestsImage scores are reported as median [interquartile range] and were compared using Mann–Whitney's nonparametric test with P < 0.05 showing statistically significant differences.ResultsBoth proposed methods showed no significant difference in image quality compared to clinical images (8 [7–8.5]) down to 33% (phasrGAN 8 [6.5–8]; phasrresnet 8 [7–8], all P ≥ 0.19) phase‐encoding resolution, i.e., up to three times faster image acquisition, whereas bicubic interpolation and k‐space zeropadding showed significantly lower quality for 33% phase‐encoding resolution (both 7 [6–8]).Data ConclusionSuper‐resolution enhancement can be used for fetal cine cardiac MRI to reduce image acquisition time while maintaining image quality. This may lead to an improved success rate for fetal cine MR imaging, as the impact of fetal motion is lessened by shortened acquisitions.Level of Evidence1Technical EfficacyStage 2
Kinematics of bicruciate stabilized and cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Ishibashi Teruya , Yamazaki Takaharu , Konda Shoji , Tamaki Masashi , Sugamoto Kazuomi , Tomita Tetsuya 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFew studies have been reported about kinematic comparison between bicruciate stabilized and cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty with the same anatomical surface geometry. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the in vivo kinematics and postoperative patient‐reported outcomes of these two surgeries with the same anatomical surface geometry. We analyzed 17 bicruciate stabilized and 18 cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasties using single‐plane fluoroscopic surveillance with two‐ to three‐dimensional registration techniques during squatting from minimum to maximum flexion. Flexion angle, femoral external rotation, anteroposterior position of the medial and lateral sides, and postoperative 2011 Knee Society Scores were analyzed. Maximum flexion angles were larger for bicruciate stabilized than for cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasties. There was no significant difference in femoral external rotation between the two types. The medial and lateral femoral condyles in bicruciate stabilized type translated more posteriorly during deeper flexion and at maximum flexion angle, respectively, than those in cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty. Both groups revealed medial pivots in early flexion, but during deep flexion, bicruciate stabilized total knee arthroplasty revealed bicondylar roll‐back and cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty revealed paradoxical anterior motion. Both groups exhibited similar results in postoperative 2011 Knee Society Scores. Bicruciate stabilized and cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasties with the same anatomical articular surfaces demonstrated different kinematics patterns during squatting. However, there were no significant differences in postoperative 2011 Knee Society Scores between the two types of surgery.
Quantitative SSM‐based analysis of humeral head migration in rotator cuff tear arthropathy patients
Authors: Verhaegen Filip , Meynen Alexander , Plessers Katrien , Scheys Lennart , Debeer Philippe 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRotator cuff tear arthropathy (RCTA) is characterized by massive rotator cuff tearing combined with humeral head migration (HHM). The aim of this study is to investigate the quantitative characteristics of this migration and its association with glenoid erosions and prearthropathy scapular anatomy. We quantified HHM and prearthropathy scapular anatomy of 64 RCTA patients with statistical shape modeling‐based techniques. Glenoid erosion was classified according to Sirveaux et al. A cutoff value for confirming HHM was 5 mm based on a control group of 49 patients. Group 1 (RCTA without HHM) consisted of 21 patients, with a mean subluxation distance (SLD) of 3 mm. Group 2 (RCTA with HHM) consisted of 43 patients, with mean SLD of 9 mm, SLD in the anteroposterior plane of −1 mm (SD ± 4 mm), SLD in the superoinferior plane of 7 mm (SD ± 3 mm), and subluxation angle (SLA) of −5° (SD ± 40°). Analysis with Fisher's exact test showed a clear association between HHM and glenoid erosions (p = 0.002). Multivariate regression analysis of Group 2 showed that prearthropathy lateral acromial angle combined with critical shoulder angle (p = 0.004) explained 21% of the observed variability in SLD. The prearthropathy glenoid version explained 23% of the variability in SLA (p = 0.001). HHM in RCTA patients has a wide variation in both magnitude and direction leading to a distorted glenohumeral relationship in the coronal and axial plane. HHM is highly associated with the occurrence of glenoid erosions. There is a correlation between the prearthropathy scapular anatomy and the magnitude and direction of HHM.