bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transformative social policies as an essential buffer during socio‐economic crises
Authors: Kempf Isabell , Dutta Paramita 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe current COVID‐19 crisis raises the question of the role of transformative social policies (TSPs) during socio‐economic crises. We used recent findings from an UNRISD survey of vulnerabilities and ILO's Social Protection Spotlight to examine the different roles of TSPs in the response to the COVID‐19 crisis. We found that all TSPs are important, especially in terms of reaching vulnerable groups. They need, however, to be used simultaneously in an integrated manner to be successful and should be linked to crisis and disaster management. It is also important to enhance targeting of vulnerable groups within universalism to protect groups of individuals who require additional or different kinds of support, for example, migrant or informal workers. If these additional integrated policies become part of long‐term development policies, they could be instrumental in ensuring that no one is left behind when the SDGs are implemented.
How ecosystem structure affects firm performance in response to a negative shock to interdependencies
Authors: Burford Natalie , Shipilov Andrew V. , Furr Nathan R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe evaluate the effects of component choices on firms' performance following a negative shock to the ecosystem's alignment structure. We advance a theoretical framework that relates three levels of ecosystem structure—local component interdependence, component clusters, and central components—to the firms' performance. In the setting of the e‐commerce industry impacted by the General Data Protection Regulation, our results support the predictions that a reduction in local component interdependence and an increase in component dispersion across clusters have a positive effect on firm performance, but the impact of an increased use of central components disappears when controlling for local interdependence. These findings contribute to the literature on performance consequences of structures of interdependencies within innovation ecosystems.Managerial summaryWe use data on the component choices of e‐commerce firms to study how the structure of the business ecosystem around these components affects firms' performance following a negative shock. We find that while firms which increased interdependence among their components may fare well in a stable environment, their performance will suffer following a negative shock relative to those that are not affected by the shock. Second, firms that draw their components from multiple component clusters perform better during a negative shock relative to those unaffected by the shock. Executives should actively manage the interdependencies among their technological components at different levels. This will help their firms to remain flexible, minimize disruption, allow for innovative recombination and prepare for future technological developments.
Unclonable Micro‐Texture with Clonable Micro‐Shape towards Rapid, Convenient, and Low‐Cost Fluorescent Anti‐Counterfeiting Labels
Authors: Lin Yuhong , Zhang Hongkun , Feng Jingyun , Shi Bori , Zhang Mengying , Han Yuexing , Wen Weijia , Zhang Tongyi , Qi Yabing , Wu Jinbo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAn ideal anti‐counterfeiting label not only needs to be unclonable and accurate but also must consider cost and efficiency. But the traditional physical unclonable function (PUF) recognition technology must match all the images in a database one by one. The matching time increases with the number of samples. Here, a new kind of PUF anti‐counterfeiting label is introduced with high modifiability, low reagent cost (2.1 × 10−4 USD), simple and fast authentication (overall time 12.17 s), high encoding capacity (2.1 × 10623), and its identification software. All inorganic perovskite nanocrystalline films with clonable micro‐profile and unclonable micro‐texture are prepared by laser engraving for lyophilic patterning, liquid strip sliding for high throughput droplet generation, and evaporative self‐assembling for thin film deposition. A variety of crystal film profile shapes can be used as “specificator” for image recognition, and the verification time of recognition technology based on this divide‐and‐conquer strategy can be decreased by more than 20 times.
Hierarchical Co0.85Se‐CdSe/MoSe2/CdSe Sandwich‐Like Heterostructured Cages for Efficient Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Du Lizhi , Chen Yajie , Wang Qi , Zhao Yumeng , Li Longge , Liu Xiu , Tian Guohui 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFabricating efficient photocatalysts with rapid charge carrier separation and high visible light harvesting is an advisable strategy to improve CO2 reduction performance. Herein, hierarchical Co0.85Se‐CdSe/MoSe2/CdSe cages with sandwich‐like heterostructure are prepared to act as efficient photocatalysts for CO2 reduction. In this study, the structure and composition of the final products can be regulated through the cation‐exchange reaction in the presence of ascorbic acid. In the Co0.85Se‐CdSe/MoSe2/CdSe cages, MoSe2 nanosheets function as a bridge to integrate Co0.85Se‐CdSe and CdSe on both sides of the MoSe2 nanosheet shell into a sandwich‐like heterostructured catalyst system, which possesses multiple positive merits for photocatalysis, including accelerated transport and separation of photogenerated carriers, improved visible light utilization, and increased catalytic active sites. Thus, the optimized Co0.85Se‐CdSe/MoSe2/CdSe cages exhibit remarkable visible‐light photocatalytic performance and outstanding stability for CO2 reduction with a high CO average yield of 15.04 µmol g−1 h−1 and 90.14% selectivity, which are much higher than those of other control samples including single‐component catalysts and binary hybrid catalysts. This study provides a promising way for the design and fabrication of high‐efficiency photocatalysts.
Cobalt‐Enhanced Mass Transfer and Catalytic Production of Sulfate Radicals in MOF‐Derived CeO2 • Co3O4 Nanoflowers for Efficient Degradation of Antibiotics
Authors: Zhao Shiyin , Long Yangke , Su Yiping , Wang Shubin , Zhang Zuotai , Zhang Xuanjun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAntibiotics discharge has been a critical issue as the abuse in clinical disease treatment and aquaculture industry. Advanced oxidation process (AOPs) is regarded as a promising approach to degrade organic pollutants from wastewater, however, the catalysts for AOPs always present low activities, and uncontrollable porosities, thus hindering their further wider applications. In this work, an aliovalent‐substitution strategy is employed in metal‐organic framework (MOF) precursors assembly, aiming to introduce Co(II/III) into Ce‐O clusters which could modify the structure of the clusters, then change the crystallization, enlarge the surface area, and regulate the morphology. The introduction of Co(II/III) also enlarges the pore size for mass transfer and enriches the active sites for the production of sulfate radicals (SO4• −) in MOF‐derived catalysts, leading to excellent performance in antibiotics removal. Significantly, the CeO2•Co3O4 nanoflowers could efficiently enhance the generation of sulfate radical SO4• − and promote the norfloxacin removal efficiency to 99% within 20 min. The CeO2•Co3O4 nanoflowers also present remarkable universality toward various antibiotics and organic pollutants. The aliovalent‐substitution strategy is anticipated to find wide use in the exploration of high‐performance MOF‐derived catalysts for various applications.
Coordinated Adsorption and Catalytic Conversion of Polysulfides Enabled by Perovskite Bimetallic Hydroxide Nanocages for Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Wang Xinliang , Han Junwei , Luo Chong , Zhang Bin , Ma Jiabin , Li Zejian , He Yan‐Bing , Yang Quan‐Hong , Kang Feiyu , Lv Wei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCatalysis is an effective remedy for the fast capacity decay of lithium‐sulfur batteries induced by the shuttling of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs), but too strong adsorption ability of many catalysts toward LiPSs increases the risk of catalyst passivation and restricts the diffusion of LiPSs for conversion. Herein, perovskite bimetallic hydroxide (CoSn(OH)6) nanocages are prepared, which are further wrapped by reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as the catalytic host for sulfur. Because of the coordinated valence state of Co and Sn and the intrinsic defect of the perovskite structure, such bimetallic hydroxide delivers moderate adsorption ability and enhanced catalytic activity toward LiPS conversion. Coupled with the hollow structure and the wrapped rGO as double physical barriers, the redox reaction kinetics, and sulfur utilization are effectively improved with such a host. The assembled battery delivers a good rate performance with a high capacity of 644 mAh g−1 at 2 C and long stability with a capacity decay of 0.068% per cycle over 600 cycles at 1 C. Even with a higher sulfur loading of 3.2 mg cm−2 and a low electrolyte/sulfur ratio of 5 µL mg−1, the battery still shows high sulfur utilization and good cycling stability.
Clinical presentation, genetic etiology and outcome associated with fetal cardiomyopathy: comparison of two eras
Authors: Trakmulkichkarn T. , Ghadiry‐Tavi R. , Fruitman D. , Niederhoffer K. Y. , Caluseriu O. , Lauzon J. L. , Wewala G. , Hornberger L. K. , Urschel S. , Conway J. , McBrien A. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo assess the rate and type of genetic diagnosis and clinical outcome of cases of fetal cardiomyopathy (CM) during two eras, in order to examine the impact of advanced genetic testing and improved perinatal management strategies.MethodsAll diagnoses of fetal CM in Alberta, Canada, encountered between 2003 and 2019, were reviewed retrospectively. Genetic, cardiac and non‐cardiac diagnoses and clinical outcome were documented. Cases with CM secondary to extracardiac pathology and maternal conditions were excluded. Cases diagnosed in the earlier era of the study period (2003–2012) were compared with those diagnosed in the later era (2013–2019).ResultsThirty‐eight cases of fetal CM met the inclusion criteria. Median gestational age (GA) at diagnosis was 22.8 (range, 13.4–37.4) weeks. Associated structural heart disease was present in 39% (15/38) of cases and 24% (9/38) had arrhythmia. Hydrops was identified in 29% (11/38) of cases at presentation, and a further 18% (7/38) developed hydrops later in gestation. Twenty‐six percent (10/38) of cases underwent termination of pregnancy and 24% (9/38) had intrauterine death. Of liveborn cases, neonatal death occurred in 16% (3/19), late death occurred in 21% (4/19) and 63% (12/19) were alive at the last follow‐up. Excluding cases that had termination of pregnancy and those with a liveborn infant who received planned palliative care, the rate of neonatal survival was higher in the later compared with the earlier era (69% (11/16) vs 45% (5/11)), although the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.26). A genetic etiology was confirmed in 39% (15/38) of cases and strongly suspected in 24% (9/38). A significantly higher proportion of cases had a confirmed or strongly suspected genetic etiology in the later era compared with in the earlier era (76% (19/25) vs 38% (5/13); P = 0.04).ConclusionsIn the recent era, a higher proportion of fetal CM cases had a confirmed or strongly suspected genetic etiology than reported previously. Based on comparison with older series, modern perinatal management strategies may not have a significant impact on neonatal survival in cases of fetal CM; however, a larger study would be better powered to detect more subtle differences. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Low energy effective field theory operator basis at d ≤ 9
Authors: Li Hao-Lin , Ren Zhe , Xiao Ming-Lei , Yu Jiang-Hao , Zheng Yu-Hui 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe obtain the complete operator bases at mass dimensions 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 for the low energy effective field theory (LEFT), which parametrize various physics effects between the QCD scale and the electroweak scale. The independence of the operator basis regarding the equation of motion, integration by parts and flavor relations, is guaranteed by our algorithm [1, 2], whose validity for the LEFT with massive fermions involved is proved by a generalization of the amplitude-operator correspondence. At dimension 8 and 9, we list the 35058 (756) and 704584 (3686) operators for three (one) generations of fermions categorized by their baryon and lepton number violations (∆B, ∆L), as these operators are of most phenomenological relevance.
On Stability of a General Bilinear Functional Equation
Authors: Bahyrycz Anna , Sikorska Justyna 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe prove the Hyers–Ulam stability of the functional equation $$\begin{aligned}&f(a_1x_1+a_2x_2,b_1y_1+b_2y_2)=C_{1}f(x_1,y_1)\nonumber \\ \nonumber \\&\quad +C_{2}f(x_1,y_2)+C_{3}f(x_2,y_1)+C_{4}f(x_2,y_2) \end{aligned}$$

f

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in the class of functions from a real or complex linear space into a Banach space over the same field. We also study, using the fixed point method, the generalized stability of $$(*)$$

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in the same class of functions. Our results generalize some known outcomes.
Contemporary trends for urological training and management of stress urinary incontinence in Ireland
Authors: MacCraith Eoin , Forde James C. , O’Brien Fergal J. , Davis Niall F. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
The aim of this study is to evaluate the trends in stress urinary incontinence (SUI) surgery since the 2018 pause on use of the polypropylene (PP) mid-urethral sling (MUS) and to quantify the effect this has had on surgical training.

Methods
Two anonymous surveys were sent to all current urology trainees and to all consultant surgeons who specialise in stress urinary incontinence surgery.

Results
Prior to the pause, 86% (6 out of 7) of consultant urologists and 73% (11 out of 15) of consultant gynaecologists would “always”/“often” perform MUS for SUI. After that, 100% (22 out of 22) of consultants reported that they “never” perform MUS. There has been a modest increase in the use of urethral bulking agent (UBA) procedures among urologists, with 43% (3 out of 7) now “often” performing this, compared with 71% (5 out of 7) “never” performing it pre-2018. Trainee exposure to SUI surgery reduced by 75% between 2016 and 2020. Despite a ten-fold increase in UBA procedures logged by trainees, the decline in MUS has resulted in a major reduction in total SUI surgeries. Coinciding with this decrease in surgeries, there was a 56% reduction in trainees’ self-assessed competence at SUI surgery. Thirteen percent of trainees are interested in specialising in Female Urology and those trainees had significantly greater exposure to SUI procedures during their training than those who did not (p = 0.0072).

Conclusions
This study has identified a downward trend in SUI surgery, which is concerning for the undertreatment of females with SUI. A decline in SUI surgery training has resulted in reduced trainee confidence and interest in this subspecialty.
Catalytic activity and stereoselectivity of engineered phosphotriesterases towards structurally different nerve agents in vitro
Authors: Köhler Anja , Escher Benjamin , Job Laura , Koller Marianne , Thiermann Horst , Skerra Arne , Worek Franz 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHighly toxic organophosphorus nerve agents, especially the extremely stable and persistent V-type agents such as VX, still pose a threat to the human population and require effective medical countermeasures. Engineered mutants of the Brevundimonas diminuta phosphotriesterase (BdPTE) exhibit enhanced catalytic activities and have demonstrated detoxification in animal models, however, substrate specificity and fast plasma clearance limit their medical applicability. To allow better assessment of their substrate profiles, we have thoroughly investigated the catalytic efficacies of five BdPTE mutants with 17 different nerve agents using an AChE inhibition assay. In addition, we studied one BdPTE version that was fused with structurally disordered PAS polypeptides to enable delayed plasma clearance and one bispecific BdPTE with broadened substrate spectrum composed of two functionally distinct subunits connected by a PAS linker. Measured kcat/KM values were as high as 6.5 and 1.5 × 108 M−1 min−1 with G- and V-agents, respectively. Furthermore, the stereoselective degradation of VX enantiomers by the PASylated BdPTE-4 and the bispecific BdPTE-7 were investigated by chiral LC–MS/MS, resulting in a several fold faster hydrolysis of the more toxic P(−) VX stereoisomer compared to P(+) VX. In conclusion, the newly developed enzymes BdPTE-4 and BdPTE-7 have shown high catalytic efficacy towards structurally different nerve agents and stereoselectivity towards the toxic P(−) VX enantiomer in vitro and offer promise for use as bioscavengers in vivo.
Virasoro Constraints Revisited
Authors: Cassia Luca , Lodin Rebecca , Zabzine Maxim 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe revisit the Virasoro constraints and explore the relation to the Hirota bilinear equations. We furthermore investigate and provide the solution to non-homogeneous Virasoro constraints, namely those coming from matrix models whose domain of integration has boundaries. In particular, we provide the example of Hermitean matrices with positive eigenvalues in which case one can find a solution by induction on the rank of the matrix model.
Lack of association between CYB5A gene rs1790834 polymorphism and the response to leflunomide in women with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Łączna Małgorzata , Malinowski Damian , Paradowska-Gorycka Agnieszka , Safranow Krzysztof , Dziedziejko Violetta , Pawlik Andrzej 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Aim
Leflunomide is a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug used in therapy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Previous studies indicated that oestrogens and androgens may affect the response to leflunomide in RA patients. The synthesis of androgens is regulated by cytochrome CYB5A. The aim of this study was to examine the association between the CYB5A gene rs1790834 polymorphism and the response to leflunomide in women with RA.

Methods
The study included 111 women diagnosed with RA. Leflunomide was administered in monotherapy at a dose of 20 mg/day. All patients underwent a monthly evaluation for 12 months after the initiation of treatment with leflunomide.

Results
After 12 months of therapy, the changes in individual disease activity parameters, such as: DAS28, ESR, CRP and VAS, were not statistically significantly different between rs1790834 genotypes in the Kruskal–Wallis test.

Conclusions
The results of our study suggest lack of statistically significant association between the CYB5A gene rs1790834 polymorphism and the response to leflunomide in women with RA.
Real-world safety and efficacy data of immunotherapy in patients with cancer and autoimmune disease: the experience of the Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group
Authors: Fountzilas Elena , Lampaki Sofia , Koliou Georgia-Angeliki , Koumarianou Anna , Levva Sofia , Vagionas Anastasios , Christopoulou Athina , Laloysis Athanasios , Psyrri Amanda , Binas Ioannis , Mountzios Giannis , Kentepozidis Nikolaos , Kotsakis Athanassios , Saloustros Emmanouil , Boutis Anastasios , Nikolaidi Adamantia , Fountzilas George , Georgoulias Vassilis , Chrysanthidis Miltiadis , Kotteas Elias , Vo Henry , Tsiatas Marinos , Res Eleni , Linardou Helena , Daoussis Dimitrios , Bompolaki Iliada , Andreadou Anna , Papaxoinis George , Spyratos Dionisios , Gogas Helen , Syrigos Konstantinos N. , Bafaloukos Dimitrios 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Data on the safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in patients with concurrent autoimmune diseases (AID) are limited.

Methods
We performed a retrospective multicenter review of medical records of patients with cancer and underlying AID who received ICI. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS).

Results
Among 123 patients with pre-existing AID who received ICI, the majority had been diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC, 68.3%) and melanoma (14.6%). Most patients had a rheumatologic (43.9%), or an endocrine disorder (21.1%). Overall, 74 (60.2%) patients experienced an immune-related adverse event (irAE) after ICI initiation, AID flare (25.2%), or new irAE (35%). Frequent irAEs included thyroiditis, dermatitis and colitis. ICI was permanently discontinued due to unacceptable (8.1%) or fatal (0.8%) toxicity. In patients with NSCLC, corticosteroid treatment at the initiation of immunotherapy was associated with poor PFS (HR = 2.78, 95% CI 1.40–5.50, p = 0.003). The occurrence of irAE was associated with increased PFS (HR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.25–0.92, p = 0.026). Both parameters maintained their independent prognostic significance.

Conclusions
ICI in patients with cancer and pre-existing AID is associated with manageable toxicity that infrequently requires treatment discontinuation. However, since severe AID flare might occur, expected ICI efficacy and toxicity must be balanced.

Clinical trial identifier
NCT04805099
Competition for S-containing amino acids between rhizosphere microorganisms and plant roots: the role of cysteine in plant S acquisition
Authors: Ma Qingxu , Hill Paul W. , Chadwick David R. , Wu Lianghuan , Jones Davey L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPlant S deficiency is common, but the role of S-containing amino acids such as cysteine in plant S uptake is unknown. We applied 14C-, 35S-, 13C-, and 15N-labelled cysteine to wheat and oilseed rape rhizospheres and traced the plants’ elemental uptake. Both plants absorbed 0.37–0.81% of intact cysteine after 6 h with no further increase after 24 h. They absorbed 1.6–11.5% 35S and 12.3–7.6% 15N from cysteine after 24 h and utilised SO42− as their main S source (75.5–86.4%). Added and naturally occurring cysteine-S contributed 5.6 and 1.1% of total S uptake by wheat and oilseed rape, respectively. Cysteine and inorganic S derived from cysteine contributed 24.5 and 13.6% of uptake for wheat and oilseed rape, respectively, after 24 h. Oilseed rape absorbed ~10-fold more S from cysteine and SO42− than did wheat. The highest absorption of free cysteine should be in the organic-rich soil patches. Soil microorganisms rapidly decomposed cysteine (t1/2 = 1.37 h), and roots absorbed mineralised inorganic N and S. After 15 min, 11.7–14.3% of the 35S-cysteine was retained in the microbial biomass, while 30.2–36.7% of the SO42− was released, suggesting that rapid microbial S immobilisation occurs after cysteine addition. Plants acquire N and S from cysteine via unidirectional soil-to-root nutrient flow, and cysteine is an important S source for plants.