bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Path Dependence in Disability
Authors: Agarwal Neha , Kohler Hans-Peter , Mani Subha 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The average prevalence of disability in most African countries is 10%, but for many it exceeds the global disability prevalence rate of 15%. The extent to which this disability capturing functional and activity limitations results in permanent job loss, lowered lifetime income and assets, in part, depends upon the extent to which the onset of limitations becomes permanent. In this paper, we use five rounds of longitudinal data from rural Malawi, a low-income African country with high prevalence of disability, to examine path dependence in activity limitations. We estimate a dynamic linear panel data model where the coefficient on the one-period lagged health outcome captures path dependence in limitations. Our preferred Arellano–Bover estimates show that males experience partial persistence in both the incidence and intensity of severe limitations and no persistence in other limitations. Females, on the other hand, exhibit no persistence in any type of limitations. Our findings have important policy implications for computing the long-term costs associated with onset of activity limitations as these costs can be moderated by the recovery exhibited in these limitations.
A novel application of SMART on FHIR architecture for interoperable and scalable integration of patient-reported outcome data with electronic health records
Authors: Wesley Deliya B , Blumenthal Joseph , Shah Shrenikkumar , Littlejohn Robin A , Pruitt Zoe , Dixit Ram , Hsiao Chun-Ju , Dymek Christine , Ratwani Raj M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective
Despite a proliferation of applications (apps) to conveniently collect patient-reported outcomes (PROs) from patients, PRO data are yet to be seamlessly integrated with electronic health records (EHRs) in a way that improves interoperability and scalability. We applied the newly created PRO standards from the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology to facilitate the collection and integration of standardized PRO data. A novel multitiered architecture was created to enable seamless integration of PRO data via Substitutable Medical Apps and Reusable Technologies on Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources apps and scaled to different EHR platforms in multiple ambulatory settings.

Materials and Methods
We used a standards-based approach to deploy 2 apps that source and surface PRO data in real-time for provider use within the EHR and which rely on PRO assessments from an external center to streamline app and EHR integration.

Results
The apps were developed to enable patients to answer validated assessments (eg, a Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System including using a Computer Adaptive Test format). Both apps were developed to populate the EHR in real time using the Health Level Seven FHIR standard allowing providers to view patients’ data during the clinical encounter. The process of implementing this architecture with 2 different apps across 18 ambulatory care sites and 3 different EHR platforms is described.

Conclusion
Our approach and solution proved feasible, secure, and time- and resource-efficient. We offer actionable guidance for this technology to be scaled and adapted to promote adoption in diverse ambulatory care settings and across different EHRs.
Characterizing Herbivory by European Earwigs (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) on Navel Orange Fruit with Comparison to Forktailed Bush Katydid (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) Herbivory
Authors: Kahl Hanna M , Mueller Tobias G , Cass Bodil N , Xi Xinqiang , Cluff Emma , Grafton-Cardwell Elizabeth E , Rosenheim Jay A 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn establishing Integrated Pest Management (IPM) plans for understudied pests, it is crucial to understand the nature of their herbivory and resulting damage. European earwig (Forficula auricularia L.; Dermaptera: Forficulidae) densities are increasing in citrus orchards in Central California. Field observations suggest that earwigs feed on young, developing citrus fruit, but this hypothesis had not been examined with formal experimentation. Forktailed bush katydid nymphs (Scudderia furcata Brunner von Wattenwyl; Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) are well-known citrus herbivores that feed on young citrus fruit, and it is possible that earwig damage may be misdiagnosed as katydid damage. Here we report findings from two field experiments in navel oranges (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck; Sapindales: Rutaceae) that together tested: (1) whether earwigs damage young citrus fruit; (2) whether the amount of damage earwigs generate differs across developmental stage or sex of adult earwigs; (3) the window of time during which fruit are most sensitive to earwig damage; (4) whether damaged fruit are retained to harvest; and (5) the resulting damage morphology caused by earwigs relative to katydids. Earwigs, particularly nymphs, chewed deep holes in young citrus fruit from 0 to 3 wk after petal fall. Fruit damaged by earwigs were retained and exhibited scars at harvest. The morphology and distribution of scars on mature fruit only subtly differed between earwigs and katydids. This study establishes that earwigs can be direct pests in mature navel orange trees by generating scars on fruit and likely contribute to fruit quality downgrades.
PSA controls hepatic lipid metabolism by regulating the NRF2 signaling pathway
Authors: Huang Bangliang , Xiong Xin , Zhang Linlin , Liu Xiufei , Wang Yuren , Gong Xiaoli , Sang Qian , Lu Yongling , Qu Hua , Zheng Hongting , Zheng Yi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe activity of proteinase is reported to correlate with the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase (PSA/NPEPPS) is an integral nontransmembrane enzyme that functions to catalyze the cleavage of amino acids near the N-terminus of polypeptides. A previous study suggested that this enzyme acts as a regulator of neuropeptide activity; however, the metabolic function of this enzyme in the liver has not been explored. Here, we identified the novel role of PSA in hepatic lipid metabolism. Specifically, PSA expression was lower in fatty livers from NAFLD patients and mice (HFD, ob/ob, and db/db). PSA knockdown in cultured hepatocytes exacerbated diet-induced triglyceride accumulation through enhanced lipogenesis and attenuated fatty acid β-oxidation. Moreover, PSA mediated activation of the master regulator of antioxidant response, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), by stabilizing NRF2 protein expression, which further induced downstream antioxidant enzymes to protect the liver from oxidative stress and lipid overload. Accordingly, liver-specific PSA overexpression attenuated hepatic lipid accumulation and steatosis in ob/ob mice. Furthermore, in human liver tissue samples, decreased PSA expression correlated with the progression of NAFLD. Overall, our findings suggest that PSA is a pivotal regulator of hepatic lipid metabolism and its antioxidant function occurs by suppressing NRF2 ubiquitination. Moreover, PSA may be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for treating NAFLD.
Repellency of p-Anisaldehyde Against Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) in the Laboratory
Authors: Showler Allan T , Harlien Jessica L 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), is a nuisance pest often associated with livestock production, and it can also mechanically transmit the causal agents of human and veterinary diseases. We found that a 0.5% concentration of p-anisaldehyde, produced by many plants consumed by humans, repelled adult M. domestica in static air olfactometer tubes under laboratory conditions for ≥24 h, but by 48 h the repellent activity had worn off. Repellency, however, was not observed in response to 0.5% p-anisaldehyde that had been exposed to sunlight radiation lamps for 2 h. When p-anisaldehyde was aged in darkness for 48 h, it showed strong initial repellency for &lt;1 h. The repellent action of 0.5% p-anisaldehyde was sufficient to keep adult M. domestica from landing on three different food sources when the botanical substance was misted onto the food sources, and when it was placed in proximity to, but not in contact with, the food sources. Extension of p-anisaldehyde’s repellent action using solvents other than acetone is discussed.
Barley transcription factor HvNLP2 mediates nitrate signaling and affects nitrogen use efficiency
Authors: Gao Yangyang , Quan Shuxuan , Lyu Bo , Tian Tian , Liu Zhiguang , Nie Zhentian , Qi Shengdong , Jia Jingbo , Shu Jing , Groot Edwin , Wu Jiajie , Wang Yong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Plants have evolved complex mechanisms to adapt to the changing nitrogen levels in the environment. In Arabidopsis, more than a dozen nitrate signaling regulatory genes have been characterized, including the NODULE INCEPTION-LIKE PROTEIN (AtNLP) genes, which play essential roles in nitrate signaling. However, whether NLP genes in the Triticeae crops are involved in nitrate regulation and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) remains unknown. Here, we isolated a barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) mutant, hvnlp2-1, from a TILLING (Targeting Local Lesions IN Genomes) population and constructed two RNAi lines, hvnlp2-2 and hvnlp2-3, to study the function of HvNLP2. The expression of the nitrate-responsive genes was substantially inhibited after nitrate treatment in the hvnlp2 mutants, indicating that HvNLP2 controls nitrate signaling. Nitrate content was significantly higher in the hvnlp2 mutants, which may result from the decreased assimilation of nitrogen caused by reduced nitrate reductase activity and expression of nitrate assimilatory genes. HvNLP2 is localized to the nucleus in the presence of nitrate. Further investigation showed that HvNLP2 binds to and activates the nitrate-responsive cis-elements. Moreover, hvnlp2 exhibited reduced biomass, seed yield, and NUE. Therefore, HvNLP2 controls nitrate signaling and plays an important role in NUE.
Epigenetic regulation of temperature responses: past successes and future challenges
Authors: Pandey Saurabh Prakash , Benstein Ruben M , Wang Yanwei , Schmid Markus 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In contrast to animals, plants cannot avoid unfavorable temperature conditions. Instead, plants have evolved intricate signaling pathways that enable them to perceive and respond to temperature. General acclimation processes that prepare the plant to respond to stressful heat and cold usually occur throughout the whole plant. More specific temperature responses, however, are limited to certain tissues or cell types. While global responses are amenable to epigenomic analyses, responses that are highly localized are more problematic as the chromatin in question is not easily accessible. Here we review current knowledge of the epigenetic regulation of FLOWERING LOCUS C and FLOWERING LOCUS T as examples of temperature-responsive flowering time regulator genes that are expressed broadly throughout the plants and in specific cell types, respectively. While this work has undoubtedly been extremely successful, we reason that future analyses would benefit from higher spatiotemporal resolution. We conclude by reviewing methods and successful applications of tissue- and cell type-specific epigenomic analyses and provide a brief outlook on future single-cell epigenomics.
Plastid NDH Pseudogenization and Gene Loss in a Recently Derived Lineage from the Largest Hemiparasitic Plant Genus Pedicularis (Orobanchaceae)
Authors: Li Xin , Yang Jun-Bo , Wang Hong , Song Yu , Corlett Richard T , Yao Xin , Li De-Zhu , Yu Wen-Bin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The plastid genome (plastome) is highly conserved in both gene order and content and has a lower mutation rate than the nuclear genome. However, the plastome is more variable in heterotrophic plants. To date, most such studies have investigated just a few species or only holoheterotrophic groups, and few have examined plastome evolution in recently derived lineages at an early stage of transition from autotrophy to heterotrophy. In this study, we investigated the evolutionary dynamics of plastomes in the monophyletic and recently derived Pedicularis sect. Cyathophora (Orobanchaceae). We obtained 22 new plastomes, 13 from the six recognized species of section Cyathophora, six from hemiparasitic relatives and three from autotrophic relatives. Comparative analyses of gene content, plastome structure and selection pressure showed dramatic differences among species in section Cyathophora and in Pedicularis as a whole. In comparison with autotrophic relatives and other Pedicularis spp., we found that the inverted repeat (IR) region in section Cyathophora had expansions to the small single-copy region, with a large expansion event and two independent contraction events. Moreover, NA(D)H dehydrogenase, accD and ccsA have lost function multiple times, with the function of accD being replaced by nuclear copies of an accD-like gene in Pedicularis spp. The ccsA and ndhG genes may have evolved under selection in association with IR expansion/contraction events. This study is the first to report high plastome variation in a recently derived lineage of hemiparasitic plants and therefore provides evidence for plastome evolution in the transition from autotrophy to heterotrophy.
COVID-19 vaccination certificate (CVC) for ASEAN: the way forward?
Authors: Corpuz Jeff Clyde G 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The emergence of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has stimulated governments to an extensive discussion on the necessity of COVID-19 vaccination certificate (CVC) to help monitor and manage the rollout of vaccinations and revive the economy. A recent correspondence highlighted the ethical issues concerning COVID-19 diagnostic test results and vaccination certificates. This paper highlights the potential benefits and harms of implementing CVC in the ASEAN region.
Collectivism is associated with enhanced neural response to socially salient errors among adolescents
Authors: Rapp Amy M , Grammer Jennie K , Tan Patricia Z , Gehring William J , Chavira Denise A , Miller Gregory A 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe perceived salience of errors can be influenced by individual-level motivational factors. Specifically, those who endorse a high degree of collectivism, a cultural value that emphasizes prioritization of interpersonal relationships, may find errors occurring in a social context to be more aversive than individuals who endorse collectivism to a lesser degree, resulting in upregulation of a neural correlate of error-monitoring, the error-related negativity (ERN). This study aimed to identify cultural variation in neural response to errors occurring in a social context in a sample of diverse adolescents. It was predicted that greater collectivism would be associated with enhanced neural response to errors occurring as part of a team. Participants were 95 Latinx (n = 35), Asian American (n = 20) and non-Latinx White (n = 40) adolescents (ages 13–17) who completed a go/no-go task while continuous electroencephalogram was recorded. The task included social (team) and non-social (individual) conditions. ERN was quantified using mean amplitude measures. Regression models demonstrated that collectivism modulated neural response to errors occurring in a social context, an effect that was most robust for Latinx adolescents. Understanding cultural variation in neural sensitivity to social context could inform understanding of both normative and maladaptive processes associated with self-regulation.
Pilgrim’s Progress: The Landscape of the NHS Hospital, 1948–70
Authors: DeVane Ed 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article argues the politics of land-use was fundamental to the challenges of realizing Britain’s welfare state. It makes this case through a focus on efforts to plan and design new hospitals in the National Health Service (NHS) between 1948 and 1970. It pays particular attention to the Pilgrim Hospital in Boston, Lincolnshire which serves as an exemplar of a sort of politics that has been largely overlooked due to an overemphasis on central government. At the Pilgrim, a private landowner claimed inadequate consultation had produced a hospital proposal that was counter to local opinion, resulting in their farmstead being preserved within the grounds of a modern tower-on-podium facility. Working back from this aesthetic compromise, the significance of the landscaped hospital is introduced and situated within patterns of NHS land transactions and conflicts over site acquisition. This analysis re-orientates historical research to better reflect the decentralized nature of post-war planning in Britain. It does so by demonstrating how the welfare state internalized the criticisms of wider publics and powerful existing cultural and economic frameworks. These necessary processes formed the real groundwork for state modernization.
Comparison of Perioperative Complications in Anterior Decompression With Fusion and Posterior Decompression With Fusion for Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
Authors: Morishita Shingo , Yoshii Toshitaka , Inose Hiroyuki , Hirai Takashi , Yuasa Masato , Matsukura Yu , Ogawa Takahisa , Fushimi Kiyohide , Okawa Atsushi , Fujiwara Takeo 
Published: May 2021

Study Design:
A retrospective cohort study with a national inpatient database.

Objective:
This study aimed to research the perioperative complication rates of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) patients who underwent anterior decompression with fusion (ADF) and posterior decompression with fusion (PDF) using a large national inpatient database and propensity score matching (PSM) analysis.

Summary of Background Data:
There are several ways to successfully achieve surgical spinal decompression in CSM patients; however, evidence of the systemic complications and reoperation rates in ADF and PDF is lacking.

Materials and Methods:
We identified patients who were hospitalized for CSM and underwent either ADF or PDF from 2010 to 2016 using the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database. In the ADF and PDF groups, we compared postoperative complications (systemic and local), medical costs during hospitalization, and mortality before and after PSM. In addition, multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for perioperative systemic complications.

Results:
A total of 1013 matched pairs were made after PSM. More perioperative systemic complications were detected in the ADF group than in the PDF group (at least 1 complication: ADF vs. PDF: 15.2% vs. 12.0%, P=0.038), especially for respiratory failure (1.4% vs. 0.4%, P=0.018), pneumonia (1.9% vs. 0.5%, P=0.004), and dysphagia (3.0% vs. 1.1%, P=0.003). The costs were ~$8000 higher (P<0.001) and the length of hospital stay was almost 5 days longer (P<0.001) in the PDF group. The risk factors for perioperative systemic complications in ADF were high age, low body mass index, and preoperative respiratory disease, and the factors in PDF were high body mass index and preoperative renal disease.

Conclusion:
More systemic complications, especially respiratory events, were more frequently observed in the ADF group, while the medical costs were higher and the hospital stay was longer in the PDF group.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
A simple and easily implemented risk model to predict 1-year ischemic stroke and systemic embolism in Chinese patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Jiang Chao , Chen Tian-Ge , Du Xin , Li Xiang , He Liu , Lai Yi-Wei , Xia Shi-Jun , Liu Rong , Hu Yi-Ying , Li Ying-Xue , Jiang Chen-Xi , Liu Nian , Tang Ri-Bo , Bai Rong , Sang Cai-Hua , Long De-Yong , Xie Guo-Tong , Dong Jian-Zeng , Ma Chang-Sheng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background:
Accurate prediction of ischemic stroke is required for deciding anticoagulation use in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Even though only 6% to 8% of AF patients die from stroke, about 90% are indicated for anticoagulants according to the current AF management guidelines. Therefore, we aimed to develop an accurate and easy-to-use new risk model for 1-year thromboembolic events (TEs) in Chinese AF patients.

Methods:
From the prospective China Atrial Fibrillation Registry cohort study, we identified 6601 AF patients who were not treated with anticoagulation or ablation at baseline. We selected the most important variables by the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithm and developed a simplified risk model for predicting 1-year TEs. The novel risk score was internally validated using bootstrapping with 1000 replicates and compared with the CHA2DS2-VA score (excluding female sex from the CHA2DS2-VASc score).

Results:
Up to the follow-up of 1 year, 163 TEs (ischemic stroke or systemic embolism) occurred. Using the XGBoost algorithm, we selected the three most important variables (congestive heart failure or left ventricular dysfunction, age, and prior stroke, abbreviated as CAS model) to predict 1-year TE risk. We trained a multivariate Cox regression model and assigned point scores proportional to model coefficients. The CAS scheme classified 30.8% (2033/6601) of the patients as low risk for TE (CAS score = 0), with a corresponding 1-year TE risk of 0.81% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.41%–1.19%). In our cohort, the C-statistic of CAS model was 0.69 (95% CI: 0.65–0.73), higher than that of CHA2DS2-VA score (0.66, 95% CI: 0.62–0.70, Z = 2.01, P = 0.045). The overall net reclassification improvement from CHA2DS2-VA categories (low = 0/high ≥1) to CAS categories (low = 0/high ≥1) was 12.2% (95% CI: 8.7%–15.7%).

Conclusion:
In Chinese AF patients, a novel and simple CAS risk model better predicted 1-year TEs than the widely-used CHA2DS2-VA risk score and identified a large proportion of patients with low risk of TEs, which could potentially improve anticoagulation decision-making.

Trial Registration:

www.chictr.org.cn (Unique identifier No. ChiCTR-OCH-13003729).
Targeted Muscle Reinnervation in Partial Hand Amputations
Authors: Wimalawansa Sunishka M. , Lygrisse Daniel , Anderson Spencer R. , Eberlin Kyle R. , Westenberg Ritsaart , Schulz Steven , West Julie , Valerio Ian L. 
Published: May 2021

Summary
Targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) surgery has been shown to aid in prevention and treatment of neuropathic pain. Technical and anatomical descriptions of TMR surgery for upper extremity amputees (including transradial, transhumeral, and forequarter amputations) have been reported, yet such descriptions of TMR surgery for partial hand amputations are currently lacking. Herein we outline the technique of different types of partial hand amputation TMR surgeries to serve as a reference and guide. A retrospective review was performed by our multi-institutional team to identify clinical cases where partial hand TMR surgeries were performed. Patient demographics, characteristics, amputation subtype, nerve transfer, pain score, pain outcome, and functional outcome data were collected and analyzed. From January 2018 to September 2019, 13 patients underwent partial hand TMR procedures. Eight cases resulted from trauma, and 6 were secondary to oncologic procedures. The amputations consisted of 8 ray, 2 trans-metacarpal, 2 radial-sided hand, and 1 index finger amputation with recurrent painful neuromas. Twelve patients were weaned off narcotics completely and only 3 remained on a neuromodulator for ongoing pain control. Technical considerations for partial hand TMR surgery have been outlined, with early pilot data showing beneficial pain control outcomes.