bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of neural tube defects, maternal HIV status, and antiretroviral therapy from a hospital‐based birth defect surveillance in Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Barlow‐Mosha Linda , Serunjogi Robert , Kalibbala Dennis , Mumpe‐Mwanja Daniel , Williamson Dhelia , Valencia Diana , Tinker Sarah C. , Matovu Joyce Namale , Moore Cynthia A. , Adler Michelle R. , Nelson Lisa , Nankunda Jolly , Nabunya Evelyn , Birabwa‐Male Doreen , Musoke Philippa 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe estimated prevalence of neural tube defects (NTDs) in Africa is 11.7 per 10,000 live births; however, data on the impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART) during pregnancy and the risk for birth defects in Africa are limited.MethodsData from a hospital‐based surveillance program at four hospitals in Kampala, Uganda were used to estimate the baseline prevalence of NTDs and assess potential associations with HIV status and ART use. All live births, stillbirths, and spontaneous abortions delivered at the participating hospitals affected with selected birth defects between August 2015 and December 2018 were included. Trained midwives collected data from hospital records, maternal interviews, photographs, and narrative descriptions of birth defects. We estimated NTD prevalence per 10,000 births (live, stillbirths, spontaneous abortions), prevalence ratios, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsA total of 110,752 births from 107,133 women were included in the analysis; 9,394 (8.8%) women were HIV‐infected and among those with HIV infection, 95.6% (n = 8,977) were on ART at delivery. Overall, 109 births were affected with NTDs, giving a prevalence of 9.8 (95% CI [8.2, 11.9]). Spina bifida (n = 63) was the most common type of NTD, with a prevalence of 5.7 (95% CI [4.4, 7.3]), followed by anencephaly (n = 31), with a prevalence of 2.8 (95% CI [2.0, 4.0]).ConclusionThe prevalence of NTDs among births in Kampala, Uganda is consistent with current estimates for Africa. With the continued introduction of new medications that may be taken during pregnancy, sustainable birth defect surveillance systems and pharmacovigilance are indicated.
An anatomical study defining the safe range of angles in percutaneous iliosacral and transsacral screw fixation
Authors: Do Michael T. , Levine Ari D. , Liu Raymond W. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPercutaneous iliosacral screw fixation and transsacral fixation are challenging procedures requiring extensive knowledge of sacral anatomy to avoid damaging nearby neurovascular structures. Greater knowledge of anatomical screw trajectory and size allowances would be helpful to guide surgical placement. An anatomical study of 40 cadaveric sacra in specimens ages 18–65 was performed. Three‐dimensional surface scans were obtained, and computer modeling software was used to simulate a 7.3 mm diameter screw with 1 mm buffer inserted orthogonal to the sacroiliac joint in the pelvic inlet and outlet views. Transsacral screws were also inserted into S1 and S2 vertebrae. For screws orthogonal to the sacroiliac joint, the overall mean screw insertion angle was 4.1° ± 7.5° (range, −18.3° to 22.0°) in the inlet view in the posterior to anterior direction, and 21.7° ± 5.1° (range, 8.2°–36.3°) in the outlet view in the caudal to cranial direction. Before breaching the sacrum, the range of sacral tunnel lengths was between 31.1 and 70.1 mm with a range of diameters between 9.3 and 13.3 mm. Transsacral screws inserted into either the S1 or S2 vertebrae did not breach the sacrum in 40% (16/40) at each level. 30% (12/40) of sacra could not safely accommodate both S1 and S2 transsacral screws. There is an initial screw insertion angle range of −4° to 12° in the inlet view and 16°–27° in the outlet view. There was always adequate size to accept a 7.3 mm or larger screw.
Esophageal length in children: Reference data and a novel predictive equation
Authors: Tinawi Georges K. , Stringer Mark D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMinimal information exists on the length of the child's esophagus, namely the distance from the cricopharyngeus to the esophagogastric junction (EGJ). We aimed to investigate the relationship between esophageal length (EL) and the age, height, and weight of the child. Children undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy between February 2019 and May 2021 at our institution were prospectively audited. Children with anatomical esophageal disorders were excluded. Endoscopic distances from the incisors to the cricopharyngeus and EGJ were obtained, and novel predictive equations derived to predict EL. Intra‐observer agreement for endoscopic measurements showed an intra‐class correlation coefficient of 0.99. A total of 290 children aged 0.4–17.3 years were included in the analysis; they were divided into a model development cohort (n = 261) and a model validation cohort (n = 29). Measured EL correlated best with height (r = 0.92) as compared to age (r = 0.90) or weight (r = 0.83). The optimal equation for predicting EL was 0.156 × height (cm) – 1.336 (adjusted R2 = 0.841); this had a success rate of 76% in the validation cohort. The optimal equation for predicting distance from incisors to EGJ was 0.199 × height (cm) + 6.470 (adjusted R2 = 0.889); this had a success rate of 69% in the validation cohort. This is the first study to report a predictive equation for estimating esophageal length in children. Accurate prediction of esophageal length may assist with clinical esophageal procedures in children such as nasogastric and pH probe placement.
The need for speed in advanced non‐small cell lung cancer: A population kinetics assessment
Authors: Stewart David J. , Maziak Donna E. , Moore Sara M. , Brule Stephanie Y. , Gomes Marcio , Sekhon Harman , Dennie Carole , Lo Bryan , Fung‐Kee‐Fung Michael , Bradford John‐Peter , Reaume Martin Neil 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundSystemic therapy prolongs overall survival (OS) in advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but diagnostic tests, staging and molecular profiling take time, and this can delay therapy initiation. OS approximates first‐order kinetics.MethodsWe used OS of chemo‐naive NSCLC patients on a placebo/best supportive care trial arm to estimate % of patients dying while awaiting therapy. We digitized survival curves from eight studies, calculated OS half‐life, then estimated the proportion surviving after different times of interest (tn) using the formula: , where EXP signifies exponential, * indicates multiplication, 0.693 is the natural log of 2, and t1/2 is the survival half‐life in weeks.ResultsAcross trials, the OS half‐life for placebo/best supportive care in previously untreated NSCLC was 19.5 weeks. Hence, based on calculations using the formula above, if therapy were delayed by 1, 2, 3, or 4 weeks then 4%, 7%, 10%, and 13% of all patients, respectively, would die while awaiting treatment. Others would become too sick to consider therapy even if still alive.ConclusionsThis quantifies why rapid baseline testing and prompt therapy initiation are important in advanced NSCLC. It also illustrates why screening procedures for clinical trial inclusion must be faster. Otherwise, it is potentially hazardous for a patient to be considered for a trial due to risk of death or deterioration while awaiting eligibility assessment. It is also important to not delay initiation of systemic therapy for procedures that add relatively little value, such as radiotherapy for small, asymptomatic brain metastases.
Adherence to follow‐up after the exit cervical cancer screening test at age 60–64: A nationwide register‐based study
Authors: Jørgensen Susanne F. , Andersen Berit , Petersen Lone Kjeld , Rebolj Matejka , Njor Sisse H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn Denmark, human papillomavirus (HPV) testing has replaced cytology in primary cervical cancer screening for women aged 60–64; at this age, women are invited for the last (exit) screening test within the national organized program.AimWe investigated the adherence of these women to the recommended follow‐up after a non‐negative (positive or inadequate) HPV test and the overall resource use during that follow‐up.Materials & MethodsWe included all 2926 women aged 60–64 years with nonnegative HPV screening tests between March 2012 and December 2016. All relevant follow‐up tests and procedures were retrieved until the end of 2020 from the highly complete Danish administrative health registers, and the data were linked at the individual level. We determined the extent to which the adherence patterns followed the national recommendations for follow‐up and estimated the total numbers of tests and diagnostic procedures utilized during the entire process.ResultsIn total, only 26% of women had follow‐up in accordance with the recommendations; 4% had no follow‐up, 46% had insufficient follow‐up, and 24% had more follow‐up than recommended. We estimated that 17% of women remained in follow‐up for longer than 4 years. The average numbers of diagnostic tests and procedures used after positive HPV screening were higher than expected, even among women who had insufficient follow‐up, that is, those who received less invasive procedures than recommended, or experienced delays in receiving those procedures.ConclusionTo conclude, we found that the patterns of follow‐up of women with nonnegative primary HPV screening tests at 60–64 often diverged from the recommendations. Addressing these inconsistencies in follow‐up by providing evidence for optimal clinical management should help improve the quality of screening programs and secure an equal and reliable follow‐up care service for all women.
Discovery of Natural Product‐Based Fungicides (III): Semisynthesis and Biological Activity of N‐Phenylpyrazole Sarisan Hybrids as Antifungal Agents
Authors: Hou Enhua , Han Meiyue , Wang Xiaoguang , Cheng Wanqing , Cao Jiangping , Yang Ruige , Guo Yong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMany phytopathogenic fungi can easily infect crops, resulting in crop yield reductions. In continuation of our efforts to develop natural product (NP)‐based antifungal agents, a series of N‐phenylpyrazole sarisan hybrids 6a–v were prepared via I2‐mediated oxidative cyclization, and their structures were determined by various spectral analyses including IR, 1H‐NMR and ESI‐MS. Among all N‐phenylpyrazole sarisan hybrids, compounds 6a, 6b, 6e, 6i, 6j and 6r exhibited more encouraging antifungal action against at least two phytopathogenic fungi than the reference fungicide hymexazol. Especially, 6a displayed really encouraging and broad‐spectrum antifungal activity against F. graminearum, V. mali, and F. oxysporum f.sp.niveum with the EC50 values of 12.6±0.9, 18.5±0.2, and 37.4±1.8 μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, the structure‐activity relationships (SARs) were also observed. Additionally, compounds 6a and 6e also exhibited relative low toxicity on normal LO2 cells. This study indicates that these N‐phenylpyrazole sarisan hybrids would shed light on developing novel NP‐based antifungal agents.
Novel intracardiac echocardiography‐guided catheter‐based removal of inoperable tricuspid valve vegetation
Authors: Hammad Tarek A. , Abu‐Omar Yasir , Shishehbor Mehdi H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWith the ongoing intravenous drug abuse (IVDA) epidemic, the number of IVDA patients with infective endocarditis is increasing. These cases are often characterized by large vegetations complicated by valvular dysfunction, heart failure, and recurrent septic pulmonary emboli demanding surgical intervention. Latter cannot be offered in a good proportion of the patients due to challenging medical and social complexities. Hence, AngioVac system has been used as an alternative therapy; however, it is associated with high procedural mortality. In this document, we describe in detail the successful treatment of a case of large tricuspid valve vegetation, with prohibitive risk for surgery, using a percutaneous catheter‐based system, the Triever aspiration catheter with FLEX technology, with the guidance of intracardiac echocardiogram.
Respiration‐related variations in Pd/Pa ratio and fractional flow reserve in resting conditions and during intravenous adenosine administration
Authors: Feenstra Rutger G. T. , van Lavieren Martijn A. , Echavarria‐Pinto Mauro , Wijntjens Gilbert W. , Stegehuis Valerie E. , Meuwissen Martijn , de Winter Robbert J. , Beijk Marcel A.M. , Lerman Amir , Escaned Javier , Piek Jan J. , van de Hoef Tim P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimsWe evaluated the occurrence and physiology of respiration‐related beat‐to‐beat variations in resting Pd/Pa and FFR during intravenous adenosine administration, and its impact on clinical decision‐making.Methods and ResultsCoronary pressure tracings in rest and at plateau hyperemia were analyzed in a total of 39 stenosis from 37 patients, and respiratory rate was calculated with ECG‐derived respiration (EDR) in 26 stenoses from 26 patients. Beat‐to‐beat variations in FFR occurred in a cyclical fashion and were strongly correlated with respiratory rate (R2 = 0.757, p < 0.001). There was no correlation between respiratory rate and variations in resting Pd/Pa. When single‐beat averages were used to calculate FFR, mean ΔFFR was 0.04 ± 0.02. With averaging of FFR over three or five cardiac cycles, mean ΔFFR decreased to 0.02 ± 0.02, and 0.01 ± 0.01, respectively. Using a FFR ≤ 0.80 threshold, stenosis classification changed in 20.5% (8/39), 12.8% (5/39) and 5.1% (2/39) for single‐beat, three‐beat and five‐beat averaged FFR. The impact of respiration was more pronounced in patients with pulmonary disease (ΔFFR 0.05 ± 0.02 vs 0.03 ± 0.02, p = 0.021).ConclusionBeat‐to‐beat variations in FFR during plateau hyperemia related to respiration are common, of clinically relevant magnitude, and frequently lead FFR to cross treatment thresholds. A five‐beat averaged FFR, overcomes clinically relevant impact of FFR variation.
Complex regional pain syndrome following southern Pacific rattlesnake (C. oreganus helleri) envenoming
Authors: House Lawrence McLean , Lewin Matthew R , Naidu Ramana K. , Beqaj Halil 
Published: November 2021

AbstractComplex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) has rarely been reported in the setting of snakebite but might be more common than previously reported. We present the third case of CRPS reported in North America and the first resulting from a pit‐viper's bite.
Extensive bilateral intracranial calcifications and seizure in iatrogenic hypoparathyroidism: A case report
Authors: Chapagain Parikshit , Khanal Shambhu , Ojha Rajeev , Gautam Niraj , Sayami Matina , Bhandari Roshan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPostoperative permanent hypoparathyroidism can exhibit extensive intracranial calcifications involving basal ganglia, thalamus, cerebellum, and cerebral cortex.
Effect of SiO2 on the CO Selective Methanation over SiO2/Ni‐ZrO2 Catalysts
Authors: Guo Qing , Li Shaozhong , Li Jin , Hu Yongke , Li Yanxing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCO selective methanation is a reliable and efficient method for deep CO removal from H2‐rich reformate gases in proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). In this study, a series of SiO2/Ni‐ZrO2 catalysts with different mass fractions of SiO2 was prepared for CO selective methanation, and the structures and surface chemical properties of Ni‐ZrO2 could be controlled by SiO2. It was found that SiO2 greatly increased the specific surface areas of the catalyst and the dispersion of supported metallic Ni, which endowed the catalyst with higher active Ni surface area and then increased the adsorption quantity of CO, which improved the conversion of CO at low temperature. More importantly, the SiO2 weakened the surface basicity over the Ni‐ZrO2 catalyst, and thus decreased the strength and quantity of CO2 adsorption, which greatly inhibited the methanation of CO2, leading to the higher selectivity for CO methanation. However, the strength of CO adsorption was found to be more related to the methanation of CO, which would be weakened by SiO2 in the catalysts. Meanwhile, the SiO2 increased the strength of H2 adsorption over Ni surface. Therefore, excess SiO2 added into Ni‐ZrO2 enhanced the competitive adsorption between CO and H2 molecules over Ni surface, which weakened CO adsorption, resulting in the increase of CO outlet concentration.
Long‐Lived Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence Based on Hydrogen Bonding Self‐Assembling Supramolecular Film
Authors: Tian Ye , Tong Xinbao , Li Jingjun , Gao Shuiying , Cao Rong 
Published: November 2021

Comprehensive SummaryOrganic room‐temperature phosphorescence (ORTP) materials have attracted widespread attention in the fields of OLED, optical imaging and sensors. Herein, we successfully prepared a long afterglow IPA‐MA crystalline films using iso‐phthalic acid (IPA) and melamine (MA) by a simple drop‐casting layer‐by‐layer (LBL) method, which achieved an ultra‐long emission lifetime of up to 1.15 s. The drop‐casting LBL method is effective for the fabrication of hydrogen bonded supramolecular crystalline film materials on solid surfaces. The structure of the IPA‐MA crystalline film materials is consistent with that grown by hydrothermal method. Importantly, this method eliminates the high temperature and high pressure conditions of conventional hydrothermal methods and could form supramolecular crystalline thin films very well. In addition, the films have great long afterglow performance and the afterglow time can be controlled by altering the number of film layers. Furthermore, this method is successfully applied in the fields of temperature sensors and anti‐counterfeiting. These results not only provide the foundation for the design of organic long afterglow films, but also expand the application fields of ORTP materials.
Spending outcomes among patients with cancer in accountable care organizations 4 years after implementation
Authors: Erfani Parsa , Phelan Jessica , Orav E. John , Figueroa Jose F. , Jha Ashish K. , Lam Miranda B. 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundThe long‐term impact of affordable care organizations (ACOs) on cancer spending remains unknown. The authors examined whether practices that became ACOs altered their spending for patients with cancer in the first 4 years after ACO implementation.MethodsBy using national Medicare data from 2011 to 2017, a random sample of 20% of fee‐for‐service Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years and older with cancer was obtained (n = 866,532), and each patient was assigned to a practice. Practices that became ACOs in the Medicare Shared Savings Program were matched to non‐ACO practices. Total, cancer‐specific, and service category‐specific yearly spending per patient was calculated. A difference‐in‐differences model was used to determine spending changes associated with ACO status for patients with cancer in the 4 years after ACO implementation.ResultsThe introduction of ACOs did not have a significant impact on overall spending for patients with cancer in the 2 years after ACO implementation (difference, −$38; 95% CI, −$268, $191; P = .74). Changes in spending also did not differ between ACO and non‐ACO patients within service categories or among the 11 cancer types examined. The lack of difference in spending for patients with cancer in ACO and non‐ACO practices persisted in the third and fourth years after ACO implementation (difference, −$120; 95% CI, −$284, $525; P = .56).ConclusionsACOs did not significantly change spending for patients with cancer in the first 4 years after their implementation compared with non‐ACOs. This prompts a reevaluation of the current efficacy of ACOs in reducing spending for cancer care and may encourage policymakers to reconsider the incentive structures of ACOs.Lay Summary

Accountable care organizations (ACOs) were developed to curtail health care spending and improve quality, but their effects on cancer spending in their first 2 years have been minimal.

The long‐term impact of ACOs on cancer spending remains unknown.

By using data from 866,532 Medicare beneficiaries with cancer, the authors observed that the association of a practice with an ACO did not significantly change total yearly spending per patient in the first 4 years after ACO implementation.

This finding prompts a reevaluation of the current efficacy of ACOs in reducing spending for cancer care.
The Reaction of o‐Benzyne with Vinylacetylene: An Unexplored Way to Produce Naphthalene
Authors: Monluc Lisa , Nikolayev Anatoliy A. , Medvedkov Iakov A. , Azyazov Valeriy N. , Morozov Alexander N. , Mebel Alexander M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe mechanism and kinetics of the reaction of ortho‐benzyne with vinylacetylene have been studied by ab initio and density functional CCSD(T)‐F12/cc‐pVTZ‐f12//B3LYP/6‐311G(d,p) calculations of the pertinent potential energy surface combined with Rice‐Ramsperger‐Kassel‐Marcus ‐ Master Equation calculations of reaction rate constants at various temperatures and pressures. Under prevailing combustion conditions, the reaction has been shown to predominantly proceed by the biradical acetylenic mechanism initiated by the addition of C4H4 to one of the C atoms of the triple bond in ortho‐benzyne by the acetylenic end, with a significant contribution of the concerted addition mechanism. Following the initial reaction steps, an extra six‐membered ring is produced and the rearrangement of H atoms in this new ring leads to the formation of naphthalene, which can further dissociate to 1‐ or 2‐naphthyl radicals. The o‐C6H4+C4H4 reaction is highly exothermic, by ∼143 kcal/mol to form naphthalene and by 31–32 kcal mol−1 to produce naphthyl radicals plus H, but features relatively high entrance barriers of 9–11 kcal mol−1. Although the reaction is rather slow, much slower than the reaction of phenyl radical with vinylacetylene, it forms naphthalene and 1‐ and 2‐naphthyl radicals directly, with their relative yields controlled by the temperature and pressure, and thus represents a viable source of the naphthalene core under conditions where ortho‐benzyne and vinylacetylene are available.
Machine Learning for Estimating Electron Transfer Rates From Square Wave Voltammetry
Authors: Adams Austen C. , Jha Sauraj , Lary David J. , Slinker Jason D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractElectrochemistry of surface‐bound molecules is of high importance for numerous electronic and sensor applications. Extracting the electron transfer rate is beneficial for understanding surface‐bound processes, but it requires experimental or computational rigor. We evaluate methods to determine electron transfer rates from large voltammetry sets from experiments via machine learning using decision tree ensembles, neural networks, and gaussian process regression models. We applied these to reproduce computational measures of electron transfer rates modeled by first principles. The best machine learning models were a random forest with 80 decision trees and a neural network with Bayesian regularization, producing root mean squared errors of 0.37 and 0.49 s−1, respectively, corresponding to mean percent errors of 0.38 % and 0.52 %, respectively. This work establishes machine learning methods for rapidly acquiring electron transfer rates across large datasets for widespread applications.