bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MYB Transcription Factor Family in Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.): Genome-wide Investigation, Evolution, Structure, Characterization and Expression Patterns
Authors: Sabir Irfan Ali , Manzoor Muhammad Aamir , Shah Iftikhar Hussain , Liu Xunju , Zahid Muhmmad Salman , Jiu Songtao , Wang Jiyuan , Abdullah Muhammad , Zhang Caixi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Back groundMYB Transcription factors (TFs) are most imperative and largest gene family in plants, which participate in development, metabolism, defense, differentiation and stress response. The MYB TFs has been studied in various plant species. However, comprehensive studies of MYB gene family in the sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) are still unknown. ResultsIn the current study, a total of 69 MYB genes were investigated from sweet cherry genome and classified into 28 subfamilies (C1-C28 based on phylogenetic and structural analysis). Microcollinearity analysis revealed that dispersed duplication (DSD) and whole-genome duplication (WGD) events might play an important role in the expansion of the MYB genes family. Chromosomal localization, the synonymous (Ks) and nonsynonymous (Ka) analysis, molecular characteristics (pI, weight and length of amino acids) and subcellular localization were accomplished using several bioinformatics tools. Moreover, different subfamilies contained different cis-acting elements, conserved motifs analysis and introns-exons structures, representing functional divergence in the MYB family. Subsequently, the transcriptomic data exposed that MYB genes might play vital role in bud dormancy. Subsequently, the quantitative real-time qRT-PCR was carried out and the expression pattern indicated that MYB genes significantly expressed in floral bud as compared to flower and fruit. ConclusionOur comprehensive findings provide supportive insights into the evolutions, expansion complexity and functionality of PavMYB genes. These PavMYB genes should be further investigated as they seem to be brilliant candidates for dormancy manipulation in sweet cherry.
How would COVID-19 protocols have impacted on continuity of care of hypertension patients
Authors: Lee Seo Yoon , Chun Sung Youn , Park Hyeki 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the continuity of care (COC) in hypertension patients. Additionally, the factor of whether participants were treated by telemedicine or not was also considered.MethodsNational Health Insurance and Medical Aid claims This study used data from the Republic of Korea between 2019 and 2020. The multiple regression analysis was performed to identify the differences in visits and the Most Frequent Provider Continuity (MFPC) of hypertensive patients before and after the COVID-19. To confirm the effect of telemedicine, additional analysis was performed with data that deleted cases that received telemedicine.FindingsA total of 5,791,812 hypertensive patients are included in this study. When the confounding variables were adjusted, the MFPC decreased by 0.0031 points after the COVID-19. It also showed the same results for MFPC when telemedicine cases were excluded. The number of outpatient clinic visit days decreased by 0.2930 days after the COVID-19. Without telemedicine cases, the number of outpatient clinic visit days decreased by 0.3330 days after the COVID-19.ConclusionThe COVID-19 protocols did not affect hypertension patients' COC but impacted their outpatient frequency. Additionally, when telemedicine cases are considered, COC was the same, but the patient’s outpatient frequency had decreased, but not as much as when telemedicine cases were considered.
The past, present, and future of multiple wheat and maize breadbasket shocks
Authors: Anderson Weston , Baethgen Walter , Capitanio Fabian , Ciais Philippe , Cook Benjamin , Cunha Gilberto Rocca da , Goddard Lisa , Schauberger Bernhard , Sonder Kai , ́ Guillermo Podesta , Velde M Van der , You Liangzhi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Simultaneous yield shocks in multiple breadbaskets pose a potential threat to global food security, yet the historical risks and causes of such shocks are poorly understood. Here, we compile a dataset of subnational maize and wheat yield anomalies in 25 countries dating back to 1900 to better characterize the past, present, and future risk of multiple breadbasket shocks. We find that years in which at least half of all maize or wheat breadbaskets fall 10% (5%) below expected yields has occurred in ~2-3% (~14-16%) of years over the last century. Importantly, multiple breadbasket shocks have been decreasing in frequency from 1930 to 2017. The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) most strongly affects the probability of multiple maize breadbasket shocks, while the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) most strongly affects the probability of multiple wheat breadbasket shocks, each influencing the probability by up to 40%. The effect of climate change on climate stress in maize and wheat breadbaskets is mixed; extreme heat will increase uniformly, agricultural soil moisture stress will remain constant or increase, but hydrological stress (as measured by runoff) will remain constant or decrease in breadbasket regions.
Branch Angle and Leaflet Shape are Associated with Canopy Coverage in Soybean
Authors: Virdi Kamaldeep S. , Sreeka Suma , Dobbels Austin , Haaning Allison , Jarquin Diego , Stupar Robert M. , Lorenz Aaron J. , Muehlbauer Gary J. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Early canopy coverage is a desirable trait that promotes faster ground coverage, resulting in reduced soil evaporation, increased light interception, biomass production and weed suppression, all of which are important determinants of yield in soybean (Glycine max). Variation in traits comprising shoot architecture can influence canopy coverage, canopy light interception, canopy-level photosynthesis, and source-sink partitioning efficiency. However, little is known about the extent of phenotypic diversity of shoot architecture traits and their genetic control in soybean. Thus, we sought to understand the contribution of shoot architecture traits to canopy coverage and to determine the genetic control of these traits. We examined the natural variation for shoot architecture traits in a set of 399 diverse maturity group I soybean (SoyMGI) accessions to identify relationships between traits, and to identify loci that are associated with canopy coverage and shoot architecture traits. Canopy coverage was correlated with branch angle, number of branches, plant height and leaf shape. Using previously collected 50K SNP data on the SoyMGI panel, we identified QTL associated with branch angle, number of branches, branch density, leaf length/width ratio, days to flowering, maturity, plant height, number of nodes and stem termination. In many cases QTL intervals overlapped with previously described genes or QTL. Of particular note, we found QTL associated with branch angle and leaflet shape located on chromosomes 19 and 4, respectively, and these QTL overlapped with QTL associated with canopy coverage, suggesting the importance of branch angle and leaflet shape in determining canopy coverage. Taken together, our results highlight the role individual architecture traits play in canopy coverage and contribute information on their genetic control that could help facilitate future efforts in their genetic manipulation.
One year monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in a German cohort of patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Jaudszus Anke , Pavlova Mariya , Rasche Marius , Baier Michael , Möser Anne , Lorenz Michael 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: In Germany, the first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was registered on 28 January 2020. By February 2021, the third wave of the pandemic began. So far, only few data are available on the SARS-CoV-2 prevalence and the clinical impact of an infection in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF).Methods: From February 2020 until March 2021, we screened 156 CF patients for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies (serology) and the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in deep throat saliva or nasopharyngeal swabs (molecular testing). From patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, we recorded symptoms and collected clinical data. Results: In total, 13 patients (8.3%) were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection, most of them during the second and the beginning third wave of the pandemic. Ten positive tested patients described symptoms linked to COVID-19. The most common symptom was cough followed by fatigue and headache. SARS-CoV-2 infection did not impair lung function. No positive tested patient needed to be hospitalized.Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 infections in patients with CF are not as rare as initially anticipated, as frequent testing revealed. However, infected patients did not experience more severe clinical courses or worse clinical outcome. Our observation is in line with published reports indicating that individuals with CF are not at higher risk for severe COVID-19.
Durable Nanocomposite Face Masks with High Particulate Filtration and Rapid Inactivation of Coronaviruses
Authors: Gonzalez Andrew , Aboubakr Hamada A. , Brockgreitens John , Hao Weixing , Wang Yang , Goyal Sagar M. , Abbas Abdennour 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The COVID−19 pandemic presents a unique challenge to the healthcare community due to the high infectivity rate and need for effective personal protective equipment. Zinc oxide nanoparticles have shown promising antimicrobial properties and are recognized as a safe additive in many food and cosmetic products. This work presents a novel nanocomposite synthesis approach, which allows zinc oxide nanoparticles to be grown within textile and face mask materials, including melt-blown polypropylene and nylon-cotton. The resulting nanocomposite achieves greater than 3 log 10 reduction (≥ 99.9%) in coronavirus titer within a contact time of 10 minutes, by disintegrating the viral envelope. The new nanocomposite textile retains activity even after 100 laundry cycles and has been dermatologist tested as non-irritant and hypoallergenic. Various face mask designs were tested to improve filtration efficiency and breathability while offering antiviral protection, with Claros’ design reporting higher filtration efficiency than surgical masks (> 50%) for particles ranged 200nm to 5µm in size.
Cromolyn Platform Suppresses Fibrosis and Inflammation, Promotes Microglial Phagocytosis and Neurite Outgrowth
Authors: Wang Yi-Jun , Downey Matthew A. , Choi Sungwoon , Shoup Timothy M. , Elmaleh David R. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by chronic neuroinflammation and may perpetuate ongoing fibrotic reactions within the central nervous system. In this report, RNA-seq analysis shows that administration of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α to HMC3 human microglia results in a robust upregulation of fibrosis-associated genes. Subsequent treatment with cromolyn and its fluorinated analogue F-cromolyn resulted in reduced secretion of collagen XVIII, fibronectin, and tenascin-c. Additionally, we show that cromolyn and F-cromolyn reduce secretion of pro-inflammatory proteins PLP1, PELP1, HSP90, IL-2, GRO-α, Eotaxin, and VEGF-Α, while promoting secretion of anti-inflammatory IL-4 in HMC3 microglia. Neurite outgrowth in PC12 neuronal cells is augmented by cromolyn and F-cromolyn in concert with nerve growth factor. Treatment also differentially altered secretion of neurogenesis-related proteins TTL, PROX1, Rab35, and CSDE1 in HMC3 microglia. Finally, iPSC-derived human microglia more readily phagocytose Aβ42 with cromolyn and F-cromolyn relative to controls. We propose the cromolyn platform targets multiple proteins upstream of PI3K/Akt/mTOR, NF-κB, and GSK-3β signaling pathways to affect cytokine, chemokine, and fibrosis-related protein expression.
The Discrepancy between Radiographically-assessed and Self-recognized Hallux Valgus in a Large Population-based Cohort
Authors: Matsumoto Takumi , Higuchi Junya , Maenohara Yuji , Chang Song Ho , Iidaka Toshiko , Horii Chiaki , Oka Hiroyuki , Muraki Shigeyuki , Hashizume Hiroshi , Yamada Hiroshi , Yoshida Munehito , Nakamura Kozo , Tanaka Sakae , Yoshimura Noriko 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: There has been a paucity of literature revealing the discrepancy between self-recognition about hallux valgus (HV) and radiographically-evaluated foot configuration.Questions/Purposes: (1) Is there a discrepancy between radiographically-assessed and self-recognized HV in the general population? (2) What factors affect the self-recognition of HV in the general population?Methods: The fifth survey of the Research on Osteoarthritis/Osteoporosis against Disability study involved 1996 participants who had undergone anterior-posterior radiography of bilateral feet and answered an interviewer-administered questionnaire on self-recognition of HV. Measurements of the HV angle (HVA) and interphalangeal angle of the hallux (IPA) were performed using radiographs. After univariate comparison of the participant backgrounds and radiographic measurements between participants with or without self-recognition of HV, multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted in order to reveal independent factors affecting self-recognition.Results: The mean HVA and IPA were 16.8°and 15.4°, respectively. Significant difference was found between the prevalence of radiographically-assessed and self-recognized HV (29.8% vs. 16.5%, p < 0.0001). The prevalence of self-recognized HV increased with the progression of HV severity from a single-digit percentage (normal grade, HVA < 20°) up to 100% (severe grade, HVA ≥ 40°). A multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that HVA and female sex were independent positive factors for self-recognition of HV (HVA [per 1° increase]: OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.18-1.22; p < 0.0001; and female sex [vs. male sex]: OR, 3.17; 95% CI, 2.14-4.73; p < 0.0001).Conclusions: There was a significant discrepancy between radiographically-assessed and self-recognized HV which narrowed with the progressing severity of HV. HVA and female sex were independent positive factors for self-recognition of HV.
Swallowing Kinematic Analysis Might Be Helpful In Predicting Aspiration And Pyriform Sinus Stasis
Authors: Wei Kuo-Chang , Cheng Sheng-Hao , Hsiao Ming-Yen , Wang Yu-Chen , Weng Chi-Hung , Chen Jo-Yu , Wang Tyng-Guey 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Aspiration and pyriform sinus stasis resulting from compromised swallowing might cause aspiration pneumonia, which can have a negative impact on the patient’s prognosis. Clinically, videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS) is considered the standard instrument that is able to provide clues that contribute to the physiological impairment of swallowing. In addition, according to previously published literature, the parameters of kinematic analyses of VFSS might provide further information for aspiration detection. In this study, 449 files of VFSS studies from 232 patients were divided into three groups: normal, aspiration, and pyriform sinus stasis. Kinematic analyses and between-group comparison were conducted. Significant between-group differences were noted among parameters, including anterior hyoid displacement, maximal hyoid displacement, and average velocity of hyoid movement. No significant difference was detected in superior hyoid displacement. Furthermore, receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analyses using anterior hyoid displacement, velocity of anterior hyoid displacement, and average velocity of maximal hyoid displacement showed acceptable predictability for detecting aspiration. Using 33.0 mm/s as a cutoff value of average velocity of maximal hyoid displacement, the sensitivity of detecting the presence of aspiration could be about 90%. Therefore, we assumed that the average velocity of maximal hyoid displacement could be a potential screening tool to detect aspiration.
Agricultural management and pesticide use reduce the phosphorus uptake capability of beneficial plant symbionts
Authors: Edlinger Anna , Garland Gina , Banerjee Samiran , Degrune Florine , García-Palacios Pablo , Hallin Sara , Herzog Chantal , Jansa Jan , Kost Elena , Maestre Fernando , Pescador David Sánchez , Philippot Laurent , Rillig Matthias , Romdhane Sana , Saghaï Aurélien , Spor Aymé , Frossard Emmanuel , Heijden Marcel van der 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Phosphorus (P) acquisition is key for global food production. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) help plants acquire P and are considered key for the design of sustainable agroecosystems. However, how the functioning of AMF varies across agricultural soils and responds to management practices is still unknown. Here, we collected soils from 150 cereal fields and 60 non-cropped grassland sites across Europe, and in a greenhouse experiment, we tested the ability of AMF in these soils to forage for radioisotope-labelled 33P from a hyphal compartment. Hyphal-mediated P uptake was 64% higher in non-cropped grassland compared to cropland soils. Soil pH and organic carbon best explained the hyphal-mediated P uptake in the grasslands, while the use of fungicide in croplands reduced P uptake in the croplands by 43%. Our results suggest that land-use intensity and fungicide use are major deterrents to the natural capacity of AMF to contribute to sustainable crop production.
Anti-nuclear Antibody and a Granuloma Could be Biomarkers for iCIs-related Hepatitis by Anti- PD-1 Treatment
Authors: Kondo Yasuteru , Akahira Junichi , Morosawa Tatsuki , Toi Yukihiro , Endo Akashi , Satio Hiroaki , Endo Mareyuki , Sugawara Shunichi , Tanaka Yasuhito 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background and AimsIt has been reported that various kinds of immune checkpoint inhibitors (iCIs) could induce immune-related liver damage. We should focus on the programmed cell death-receptor-1 (PD-1) antibody and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to analyze the characteristics of hepatitis related to iCIs and find the factors that could be useful biomarkers for the diagnosis. MethodsA single-center retrospective study of 252 NSCLC patients who received PD-1 antibody (nivolumab or pembrolizumab). Some of the biochemical markers and immunological markers were analyzed during PD-1-antibody treatment with or without ALT elevation. Histopathological features were reviewed by a single expert of hepatic pathology focusing on the following features: fibrosis, portal inflammation, lobular inflammation, lobular necrosis. The formation of macro- and micro- granulomas was also evaluated. ResultsThe frequency of liver damage induced by nivolumab including grade 1 to 4 (ALT) was 41.9% (78/186 patients). The positive rate of anti-nuclear antibody in the nivolumab group with iCIs-related hepatitis was significantly higher than that in the nivolumab group without iCIs-related hepatitis (p<0.0001). Granulomatous changes were significantly increased in patients with iCIs-related hepatitis compared with DILI and AIH patients (p<0.05). The ratios of inflammatory cells CD4/CD8, and CD138/CD3 in ICIs-related hepatitis were significantly lower than in those of AIH or DILI patients (p<0.05).ConclusionsWe demonstrated that the pre-existing ANA and characteristic liver histology including CD8+ cells dominancy and granulomatous hepatitis could be biomarkers for the diagnosis of iCIs-related hepatitis in the NSCLC with anti-PD-1 therapy.
Long-Term Bare Fallow Soil Reveals The Temperature Sensitivity of Priming Effect of The Relatively Stabilized Soil Organic Matter
Authors: Zhang Xiuwei , Zhu Biao , Yu Feihai , Wang Peng , Cheng Weixin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Priming plays an important role in modifying the decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM), but there are large uncertainties in the temperature effect on priming mainly due to the variation in SOM stability. Long-term bare fallow offers a unique opportunity to isolate the relatively stabilized SOM pool and study its properties. We tested the temperature effect on priming of the relatively stabilized SOM pool by incubating soil samples collected from a bare fallow (representing the relatively stabilized SOM) and its adjacent old field (containing both stabilized SOM and labile SOM) at 10 and 20°C for 815 days. We amended the soil samples with C4 maize leaves to distinguish the CO2 source released from the soils (formed under C3 vegetation) and the substrate added (i.e. maize leaves) based on the natural abundance of δ13C. In all cases, there was a positive priming effect on native SOM decomposition when fresh organic matter (maize leaves) was added. The temperature sensitivity of priming effect (calculated as the difference in SOM decomposition due to the addition of maize leaves) in the bare fallow soil and the old field soil was quite different: increasing temperature significantly enhanced the magnitude of priming effect in the bare fallow soil, whereas had no effect on the magnitude of priming effect in the old field soil. The increase of the amount of microbial biomass C by maize leaves application was higher in the bare fallow soil than in the old field soil. Furthermore, for maize leaves-treated soil, temperature increase significantly increased the rate of microbial N mining throughout the incubation in the bare fallow soil, but had minor effect on microbial N mining in the old field soil at the end of incubation. We conclude that the priming effect of the relatively stabilized SOM was sensitive to temperature increase, which may be mainly driven by greater microbial growth and microbial demand for N. This work highlights the vulnerability of stabilized SOM to priming effect under global warming and reveals the potential role of microbes in regulating soil C dynamics under future climate change.
Emergence of Distinct Electronic States in Epitaxially-Fused PbSe Quantum Dot Superlattices
Authors: Kavrik Mahmut Sami , Hachtel Jordan , Ko Wonhee , Qian Caroline , Abelson Alex , Unlu Eyup Bedirhan , Kashyap Harshil , Li An-Ping , Idrobo Juan-Carlos , Law Matt 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Quantum coupling in arrayed nanostructures may induce novel mesoscale properties such as electronic minibands that may lead to applications including high efficiency solar cells. Colloidal PbSe quantum dots (QDs) can self-assemble into epitaxially-fused superlattices (epi-SLs), making them a promising material system to study collective phenomena. In the present study, the presence of distinct local electronic states induced by crystalline necks connecting individual PbSe QDs is documented by several techniques that leads to modulation of the band gap energy across the epi-SL. The energy band gap measured by multi-probe scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) shows variation from 0.7 eV at the center of the QDs to 1.1 eV at their necks. Complementary monochromated electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) measurements reveal the presence of distinct electronic states from necks in the epi-SL, confirming the STS measurements and demonstrating band gap modulation in spectral mapping. It is hypothesized that these new electronic states are induced by quantum confinement of carriers in the necks between the QDs, redefining the energy landscape of the PbSe QD epi-SL.