bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Fish Community Structure And Development of An Estuarine Fish Community Index For Temporarily Closed Estuaries (TCEs) From India’s Western Coast
Authors: Bella Kiranya , Sahadevan Pramila , Bhavan Sreekanth Giri , Bijukumar Appukuttannair , Raghavan Rajeev 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We present for the first-time data on fish assemblage structure for ten temporarily closed estuaries (TCEs) along the western coast of India. Fish community structure differed significantly between TCEs based on species presence/absence, estuarine use and feeding mode - differences based on estuarine surface area and geographical position (northern and southern locations). Marine migrant and freshwater stragglers dominated the ‘fish guilds’ in all estuaries, while piscivores and zoobenthivores were the major feeding guilds. We used the estuarine fish community index (EFCI) and a combined anthropogenic pressure index (CPI) to determine ecological quality of the TCEs. The application of functional guilds and EFCI could represent the use of TCEs by fish communities, and functional similarities existing between fish assemblages of these estuaries, despite considerable taxonomic, physical and chemical differences. Analysis of EFCI indicated that the ecological health of TCEs in south-western India ranges from “poor” to “good”. Through this index, we also established a significant relationship between CPI, EFCI and ecological quality in various TCEs (EFCI = A + (b X CPI)). Thus, the EFCI provides an integrated measure of the ecological status of fish community for TCEs along Indian coast.
Soliton Molecules, Rational Positon Solution and Rogue Waves for the Extended Complex Modified KdV Equation
Authors: Huang Lin , Lv Nannan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We consider the integrable extended complex modified Korteweg–de Vries equation, which is generalized modified KdV equation. The first part of the article considers the construction of solutions via the Darboux transformation. We obtain some exact solutions, such as soliton solution, soliton molecules, positon solution, rational positon solution, rational solution, periodic solution and rogue waves solution. The second part of the article analyzes the dynamics of rogue waves. By means of the numerical analysis, under the standard decomposition, we divide the rogue waves into three patterns: fundamental patterns, triangular patterns and ring patterns. For the fundamental patterns, we define the length and width of the rogue waves and discuss the effect of different parameters on rogue waves.
The green thorns of Ulex europaeus play both defensive and photosynthetic roles: consequences for predictions of the Enemy Release Hypothesis
Authors: Medina-Villar Silvia , de Aldana Beatriz R. Vázquez , Méndez Asier Herrero , Pérez-Corona M. Esther , Gianoli Ernesto 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Ulex europaeus , a thorny shrub native to NW Europe, is one of the worst invasive species worldwide. The mechanisms underlying its invasive success are not completely understood. According to the Enemy Release Hypothesis (ERH), lower pressure by vertebrate herbivores in the invaded areas should lead to lower investment in physical defenses, allowing the plant to invest more in growth and/or reproduction. However, antiherbivore physical defenses in U. europaeus (thorns) are also the main photosynthetic tissue of the plant. Therefore, reduced investment in thorns could compromise growth of Ulex europaeus in the invaded range. We hypothesized that changes in physical defenses of U. europaeus in invaded ranges should reflect reduced effectiveness (e.g., softer, and more palatable tissues) but not reduced biomass allocation. We compared U. europaeus plants from the invaded (Chile) and native (Spain) ranges of distribution regarding: i) spinescence traits (thorn length, width, biomass, slenderness and bending strength) in adult plants, ii) thorn fiber content and digestibility (as proxies for palatability) in adult plants, and iii) spine density in seedlings grown in a common garden. As expected, plants in the invaded range invested more mass in larger thorns, which contained less cellulose, were slenderer and easier to bend than those from plants in the native range. Likewise, seedlings from the invaded range showed lower spine density and more diameter growth, thus supporting the ERH. Our study shows functional changes in spinescence traits between distribution ranges that account for the fact that thorns are both defensive and photosynthetic organs in U. europaeus, and these changes may contribute to explain its invasiveness.
Sub-MHz spectral dip in a resonator-free twisted gain medium
Authors: Choksi Neel , Liu Yi , Ghasemi Rojina , Qian Li 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Ultra-narrow optical spectral features have broad applications in spectroscopy, slow light, and sensing. Features approaching sub-MHz, or equivalently, Q-factors approaching 1 billion and beyond, are challenging to obtain in solid-state systems, ultimately limited by loss. We present a new paradigm to achieve tunable sub-MHz spectral features at room temperature without resonators. We exploit gain-enhanced polarization pulling in a twisted birefringent medium where polarization eigenmodes are frequency-dependent. Using Brillouin gain in a commercial spun fiber, we experimentally achieve a 0.72 MHz spectral dip, the narrowest backward Brillouin scattering feature ever reported. Further optimization can potentially reduce the linewidth to <0.1 MHz. Our approach is simple and broadly applicable, offering on-demand tunability and high sensitivity, opening a new paradigm for microwave photonic filters, slow light, and optical sensing.
Simultaneous High-Efficiency Removal of Sulfamethoxazole and zinc (II) From Livestock and Poultry Breeding Wastewater by a Novel Dual-Functional Bacterium, Bacillus sp. SDB4
Authors: Chen Xi , Lin Hai , Dong Yingbo , Li Bing , Yin Tingting , Liu Chenjing 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The complex mixtures of antibiotics and heavy metals are commonly existed in livestock and poultry breeding wastewater. Effective and simultaneous removal of these toxic compounds by microorganisms, especially single strains remains a considerable challenge. In this study, a novel functional strain SDB4, isolated from duck manure and identified as Bacillus sp., has been shown to possess high removal abilities for both sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and Zn2+. The maximum removal efficiency achieved 73.97% for SMX and 84.06% for Zn2+ within 48 h in sole system. It has great potential for eliminating SMX along with Zn2+, 78.45% of SMX and 52.91% of Zn2+ were removed in the 20 mg·L-1 SMX and 100 mg·L-1 Zn2+ binary system. Furthermore, the SMX-biotransformation ability of SDB4 was enhanced at low concentrations of Zn2+ (below 100 mg·L-1). N4-acetyl-SMX was identified as the main stable transformation product during SMX bioremoval. FTIR analyses revealed that OH, NH2, C=O, C-N/N-H and C-O-C played major roles in the biosorption of Zn2+. Our study of the dually functioning strain SDB4 provides a potential application for the simultaneous biological removal of antibiotics and heavy metals.
Nanocurcumin alleviate inflammation and oxidative stress in LPS-induced mastitis model via activation of Nrf2 and suppressing TLR4 mediated NF-κB and HMGB1 signaling pathways
Authors: Lebda Mohamed A. , Elmassry Ingi H. , Taha Nabil M. , Elfeky Mohamed S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Mastitis is a worldwide serious disease of the mammary gland. Curcumin is a pleiotropic polyphenol obtained from turmeric, but it is hydrophobic and rapidly eliminated from the body. However, nanoformulation of curcumin significantly improves its pharmacological activity by enhancing its hydrophobicity and oral bioavailability. Our study aimed to investigate the possible anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of nanocurcumin as a prophylactic against LPS-induced mastitis in rat model; where LPS was extracted from a field strain of Escherichia coli (bovine mastitis isolate). The study was conducted on twenty lactating Wistar female rats divided into four equal groups and the mastitis model was initiated by injection of LPS through the duct of the mammary gland. The results showed that nanocurcumin significantly attenuated the lipid peroxidation (MDA), oxidized glutathione, the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-𝛼 and IL-1β) as well as the gene expression of TLR4, NF-κB p65, and HMGB1. Meanwhile, it improved the reduced glutathione level, Nrf2 activity and preserved the normal alveolar architecture. These findings suggested that nanocurcumin supplementation can be a promising potential protective approach for coliform mastitis.
Prevalence of suicidality, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and anxiety among female sex workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Millan-Alanis Juan Manuel , Carranza-Navarro Farid , de León-Gutiérrez Humberto , Leyva-Camacho Paloma Calafia , Guerrero-Medrano Andrea Fernanda , Barrera Francisco J , Lopez Elizabeth Garza , Uribe Erasmo Saucedo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To assess prevalence of suicidality, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and anxiety among female sex workers (FSW).Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed. Search strategy was performed in MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, Ovid and Cochrane Central Database from inception until March 2020. Considered for inclusion were cross-sectional studies performed on FSW that assessed prevalence of any of the following: suicide attempt or suicidal ideation, depression, PTSD, or anxiety. Five reviewers independently and in duplicate to select all eligible articles in an abstract and full-text screening phase and to moreover extract information from each study. A binomial-normal generalized linear mixed model was employed to estimate prevalence of the conditions.Results: From 8,035 studies yielded in the search strategy, 55 were included for analysis. The overall prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempt was 27% (95% C.I. 18-39%) and 20% (95% C.I. 13-28%), respectively. Furthermore, overall prevalence of depression and PTSD was 44% (95% C.I. 35-54%) and 29% (95% C.I. 18-44%), respectively. Eleven studies were classified as high quality.Conclusion: Findings indicate there is an overall high prevalence of suicidality, depression, and PTSD among FSW. Development of accessible large-scale interventions that assess mental health among this population remains critical.PROSPERO Registration CRD42020196164
Glycine transporter-1 antagonist provides 1 neuroprotection in vivo
Authors: Bergeron Richard , Cappelli Julia , Khacho Pamela , Wang Boyang , Sokolovski Alexandra , Bakkar Wafae , Raymond Sophie , Ahlskog Nina , Pitney Julian , Wu Junzheng , Chudalayandi Prakash , Wong Adrian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Glycine fulfills several roles in biology including protein synthesis, inhibitory transmission via glycine receptor activation and excitatory transmission through glutamate-sensitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs). Low glycine doses enhance NMDAR function while high doses trigger glycine-induced NMDAR internalization (GINI) in vitro. The physiological relevance of GINI has been questioned given that the high-affinity glycine transporter type 1 (GlyT1), located on astrocytes and neurons, maintains synaptic glycine concentrations far below the level that would saturate the glycine binding site (GBS) on NMDARs. Here, we report evidence that GINI occurs also in vivo and is neuroprotective following ischemic insult. Mice pre-treated with a GlyT1 antagonist (GlyT1-A), which increased glycine levels, exhibited smaller stroke volume, reduced cell death, and minimized behavioural deficits following stroke induction by either photothrombosis or endothelin-1. We demonstrate that in a modified in vitro ischemic paradigm, glycine is released at levels surpassing what occurs during ischemia alone. Therefore, glycine accumulates in the synaptic cleft, enhances occupancy of GBS and reaches the set point to trigger GINI. We report that GINI is observed during stroke, in vivo, only in the presence of a GlyT1-A. Moreover, we show evidence of a protective effect on the vasculature in the peri-infarct area. Therefore, these data strongly suggest that GlyT1 is a therapeutic target to prevent cell death following an ischemic event.
Genomic insight for Algicidal activity in Rhizobium sp. (AQ_MP)
Authors: Pal Mili , Qureshi Asifa , Purohit Hemant 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Occurrence of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) creates a threat to aquatic ecosystem affecting the existing flora and fauna. Hence, the mitigation of HABs through an eco-friendly approach remains a challenge for environmentalists. The present study provides the genomic insights of Rhizobium sp. (AQ_MP), an environmental isolate that showed the capability of degrading Microcystis aeruginosa (Cyanobacteria) at laboratory scale. Genome sequence analysis of Rhizobium sp. (AQ_MP) was performed to determine the algal lysis properties and toxin degradative pathway. It is envisaged that Rhizobium sp. (AQ_MP) secreted CAZymes like Glycosyltransferases (GT), Glycoside Hydrolases (GH), polysaccharide lyases (PL), which allowed algal polysaccharide degradation (lysis) and enabled nutrient release for the subsequent growth of Rhizobium sp. (AQ_MP) Genome analysis also showed the presence of the glutathione metabolic pathway, which is the biological detoxification pathway responsible for microcystin degradation. The conserved region mlrC, a microcystin toxin degrading responsible gene, was also annotated in Rhizobium sp. (AQ_MP). This study confirmed that Rhizobium sp. (AQ_MP) harbours a wide range of crucial enzymes released for lysis of Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) cells and also for degradation of microcystin toxin. This study thus find promiscuity for scaling the lab based analysis to field level in future.
Influence of COVID-19 Epidemic on the Decision-making Process for Impacted Mandibular Third Molar Removal
Authors: Wang Chi , Xiao Jin , yang jingyuan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundSince December 2019, an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 has swept through the world and has had a significant impact on dental services. Methods: In this study, from April 21 to April 28, 2020, a questionnaire survey was taken by a self-made questionnaire in order to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on the decision-making process for impacted mandibular third molar removal and related clinical teaching. The Wenjuanxing software was used as a survey platform to survey oral clinicians engaged in the extraction of mandibular third molars. ResultsA total of 321 valid questionnaires were returned in this study. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results showed that 22.4% of clinicians were temporarily not performing tooth extractions in outpatient clinics, and 50.2% of clinicians were temporarily not performing impacted tooth extractions. The main reason cited was that “Aerosol-generating high-speed handpieces were not recommended to be used during the pandemic.” During the pandemic, the surgical handpiece with copious saline irrigation was the main method used for bone removal; the hammer-and-chisel method was considered to be too traumatic and posed too high a risk of iatrogenic injury.ConclusionThe implementation of epidemic control measures during the novel COVID-19 pandemic significantly affects clinical decision making regarding impacted mandibular third molar extractions, the main reason cited was the contraindication to using aerosol-generating high-speed handpieces. The hammer and chisel method may represent a valuable surgical application under the requirements for epidemic prevention and control.
Glutathionylation of fibronectin records mechanical history, priming an integrin switch and myofibroblast polarization
Authors: Li Wei , Moretti Leandro , Yeh Chiuan-Ren , Torres Matthew , Barker Thomas 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a protein polymer network that physically supports cells within a tissue and also acts as an important biochemical stimulus directing cell behaviors. For fibronectin, a predominant component of the ECM, these physical and biochemical activities are inextricably linked as physical forces trigger conformational changes that impact its biochemical activity. We analyzed whether oxidative post-translational modifications, specifically glutathionylation, enable fibronectin to ‘record’ physical information through stretch-dependent protein modification. Posttranslational modifications of the ECM are understudied, but represent opportunities for time- or stimuli-dependent changes in structure-function relationships that both persist over time and could have dominant impacts on cell-ECM homeostasis. We provide direct evidence that stretch-dependent glutathionylation of fibronectin irreversibly and significantly alters its mechanical properties with concomitant changes in the binding of integrin receptors and downstream cell signaling events. Stretch-dependent glutathionylation of fibronectin could have significant impact on the balance between tissue homeostasis and pathological progression, particularly in tissues and organs that are exposed to high oxidative stress, such as the lung.
Cerebral mechanism of opposing needling for managing acute pain after unilateral total knee arthroplasty: Study protocol for a randomized, sham-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Zhao Chi , Xu Hui , Kang Bingxin , Xie Jun , Shen Jun , Sun Songtao , Zhong Sheng , Gao Chenxin , Xu Xirui , Xinyu A , Xiao Lianbo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Opposing needling is a unique method used in acupuncture therapy to relieve pain, acting on the side contralateral to the pain. Although opposing needling has been used to treat pain in various diseases, it is not clear how opposing needling affects the activity of the central nervous system to relieve acute pain. We herein present the protocol for a randomized sham-controlled clinical trial aiming to explore the cerebral mechanism of opposing needling for managing acute pain after unilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA).Methods: This is a randomized sham-controlled single-blind clinical trial. Patients will be allocated randomly to two parallel groups (A: opposing electroacupuncture group; B: sham opposing electroacupuncture group). The YINLINGQUAN (SP9), YANGLINGQUAN (GB34), FUTU (ST32), and ZUSANLI (ST36) acupoints will be used as the opposing needling sites in both groups. In group A, the healthy lower limbs will receive electroacupuncture, while in group B, the healthy lower limbs will receive sham electroacupuncture. At 72 h after unilateral TKA, patients in both groups will begin treatment once per day for 3 days. Functional magnetic resonance imaging will be performed on all patients before the intervention, after unilateral TKA, and at the end of the intervention to detect changes in brain activity. Changes in pressure pain thresholds will be used as the main outcome for the improvement of knee joint pain. Secondary outcome indicators will include the visual analogue scale (including pain during rest and activity) and a 4-m walking test. Surface electromyography, additional analgesia use, the self-rating anxiety scale, and the self-rating depression scale will be used as additional outcome indices.Discussion: The results will reveal the influence of opposing needling on cerebral activity in patients with acute pain after unilateral TKA and the possible relationship between cerebral activity changes and improvement of clinical variables, which may indicate the central mechanism of opposing needling in managing acute pain after unilateral TKA.Trial registration: ChiCTR2100042429, registered on January 21, 2021.
Soft EHL based Friction Mechanism of Unreinforced and GF-Reinforced PA66 in Contact with Steel under PAO8 Oil Lubrication
Authors: Kunishima Takeshi , BOUVARD Gaëtan , ABRY Jean Christophe , FRIDRICI Vincent , KAPSA Philippe 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Polyamide 66 is widely used in polymer sliding parts including polymer gear. These parts are used under lubrication of oil and grease. In this study, the friction mechanism of the contact between polyamide 66 and a steel counterpart lubricated with additive-free polyalphaolefin8 oil was discussed by focusing on various parameters including the sliding surface roughness, normal load (contact pressure), sliding speed, temperature, and hardness of the steel counterpart. To explain the friction coefficient obtained under different test conditions, the theoretical minimum oil film thickness was calculated using the equation of the soft elastic hydrodynamic lubrication regime presented by Hamrock and Dowson considering the temperature dependence of oil viscosity and polymer mechanical properties, and the master curve of the relationship between Λ and the friction coefficient was proposed considering the change in the roughness on the sliding surface. In addition, the contributions of the oil film based on the proposed master curve and lubricated solid/solid contact based on the Bowden-Tabor theory to the friction coefficient were discussed. Furthermore, the friction mechanism using the glass fiber-reinforced PA66 composite was investigated and compared to that of the unreinforced PA66.
Variability and Trend Analysis of Temperature, Rainfall and Characteristics of Crop Growth Season in Eastern Zone of Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Berhe Amdom Gebremedhin , Misgna Solomon Habtu , Abraha Girmay Gebre-Samuel , Abraha Amanuel Zenebe 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Long term weather analyses are very useful indicators in determining future directions and in making adjustments required to existing systems. And, in order to favor farmers to adjust their farming practices, seasonal climate outlooks are needed. The main purpose of this manuscript was thus to analyze the variability and trends of maximum and minimum temperature, monthly and seasonal rainfall series and characteristics of crop growth season in Eastern zone of Tigray region over the period of 1980–2009.Methods: Detail investigations were carried out using parametric (Linear regression) and nonparametric tests (Mankendall (Mk) and Sen’s slope estimator). Moreover, homogeneity test using a method developed by Van Belle and Hughes was used for general trend analysis. In addition, daily rainfall data to characterize crop growth season were analysed using R-Instat and XLSTAT software for trend analysis.Results: It was found that the general trend of monthly rainfall experienced an overall significant increasing trend. The seasonal rainfall experienced significantly increasing in summer main rainy season, June–September (Kiremt) while significantly decreasing in short rainy season, February– May (Belg). Likewise, the seasonal maximum temperature trends exhibited significant increase in each season while minimum temperature trend had inhomogeneous trend across seasons as well as stations. The trend of growing season characteristics (onset, cessation, LGP and dry spell length did not change significantly over the study period (1980–2009) in all stations. However, the coefficient of variability of LGP was (CV, >15%) and dry spell length was (CV, >25%) inassociation with short nature of LGP (68–85 days had a negative impact on the agricultural activities of the study area during the study period.Conclusions: Despite significant increase of rainfall in summer season, the variability of rainfall and dry spell length was very large. Hence, the study recommends crop production in the study area demands appropriate adaptation strategies that considers the erratic nature of the rainfall, the long dry spell length in the season and increasing trends of temperature.