bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Informing drought mitigation policy by estimating the value of water for crop production
Authors: Rimsaite Renata , Gibson Justin , Brozović Nicholas 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Farmers use irrigation to mitigate drought risk and reduce yield uncertainty. A clear understanding of the monetary value of irrigation water and how it varies across time and space can help to inform farmers and policymakers about the potential impacts of water shortages and reduce uncertainty in decision making. Here, we introduce a framework for understanding the economic value of water used to produce corn in the central High Plains region during the period 2010–2017. Our analysis uses publicly available data for corn price and for irrigated and non-irrigated yields and incorporates irrigation requirement adjustments to account for the hydrologic balance. The findings suggest that the per unit value of irrigation water is highest not during severe droughts and not in more arid areas of the study region, but rather when and where irrigation can make the largest improvements to average crop productivity. Policy changes informed by these results might help to mitigate the impacts of future droughts on agriculture, especially in areas where climate change may lead to large increases in supplemental irrigation.
Mesoporous PdBi film as efficient electrocatalyst for ethanol oxidation reaction
Authors: Ren Siyu , Du Dawei , Ma Lian , Li Cuiling 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Developing electrocatalysts that can completely oxidize ethanol oxidation is critical for commercializing direct ethanol fuel cells. Here, we tailored synthesis of mesoporous PdBi films by employing an electrochemical-assisted micelle assembly approach. The as-prepared film exhibited superior electrocatalytic activity and stability toward ethanol oxidation reaction, which is promising forpractical applications.
Exploring MXene-based materials for next-generation rechargeable batteries
Authors: Wu Yuanji , Sun Yingjuan , Zheng Jiefeng , Rong Jianhua , Li Hongyan , Niu Li 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
MXenes have attracted widespread attention as a kind of emerging 2D material with unique physical and chemical properties. Due to their low adsorption energy and diffusion barrier for some metal ions, some MXenes have become very promising electrode materials for metal-ion batteries. Because of their unique structures and mechanical properties, MXenes are also used in alkaline metal batteries and lithium-sulfur batteries to maintain the integrity of the electrode structure and improve the stability of the battery’s performance. Therefore, MXenes have been widely used in various new-type battery systems. In order to understand the role of MXenes in various post-lithium-ion batteries and evaluate their application potential in these batteries, in this review, the application of MXenes in various post-lithium-ion batteries is comprehensively summarized. In addition, since the preparation methods and conditions have a great impact on the performance of MXenes, various methods for preparing MXenes have also been summarized. Furthermore, with regard to the current development situation of MXenes, we have also expressed our opinions and discussed their development directions in order to enlighten the readers.
Comparing Loihi with a SpiNNaker 2 prototype on low-latency keyword spotting and adaptive robotic control
Authors: Yan Yexin , Stewart Terrence C , Choo Xuan , Vogginger Bernhard , Partzsch Johannes , Höppner Sebastian , Kelber Florian , Eliasmith Chris , Furber Steve , Mayr Christian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We implemented two neural network based benchmark tasks on a prototype chip of the second-generation SpiNNaker (SpiNNaker 2) neuromorphic system: keyword spotting and adaptive robotic control. Keyword spotting is commonly used in smart speakers to listen for wake words, and adaptive control is used in robotic applications to adapt to unknown dynamics in an online fashion. We highlight the benefit of a multiply-accumulate (MAC) array in the SpiNNaker 2 prototype which is ordinarily used in rate-based machine learning networks when employed in a neuromorphic, spiking context. In addition, the same benchmark tasks have been implemented on the Loihi neuromorphic chip, giving a side-by-side comparison regarding power consumption and computation time. While Loihi shows better efficiency when less complicated vector-matrix multiplication is involved, with the MAC array, the SpiNNaker 2 prototype shows better efficiency when high dimensional vector-matrix multiplication is involved.
Hausdorff dimension of sets with restricted, slowly growing partial quotients
Authors: Takahasi Hiroki 
Published: March 2021

I. J. Good [Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 37 (1941), pp. 199–228] showed that the set of irrational numbers in

(
0
,
1
)

(0,1)

whose partial quotients

a
n

a_n

tend to infinity is of Hausdorff dimension

1

/

2

1/2

. A number of related results impose restrictions of the type

a
n

∈
B

a_n\in B

or

a
n

≥
f
(
n
)

a_n\geq f(n)

, where

B
B

is an infinite subset of

N

\mathbb N

and

f
f

is a rapidly growing function with

n
n

. We show that, for an arbitrary

B
B

and an arbitrary

f
f

with values in

[
min
B
,
∞
)

[\min B,\infty )

and tending to infinity, the set of irrational numbers in

(
0
,
1
)

(0,1)

such that
\[

a
n

∈
B
,

a
n

≤
f
(
n
)

for all

n
∈

N

, and

a
n

→
∞
as
n
→
∞

a_n\in B,\ a_n\leq f(n)\text { for all $n\in \mathbb N$, and }a_n\to \infty \text { as }n\to \infty

\]
is of Hausdorff dimension

τ
(
B
)

/

2
,

\tau (B)/2,

where

τ
(
B
)

\tau (B)

is the exponent of convergence of

B
B

.
Trends in “Deaths of Despair” Among Working-Aged White and Black Americans, 1990–2017
Authors: Tilstra Andrea M , Simon Daniel H , Masters Ryan K 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Life expectancy for US White men and women declined between 2013 and 2017. Initial explanations for the decline focused on increases in “deaths of despair” (i.e., deaths from suicide, drug use, and alcohol use), which have been interpreted as a cohort-based phenomenon afflicting middle-aged White Americans. There has been less attention on Black mortality trends from these same causes, and whether the trends are similar or different by cohort and period. We complement existing research and contend that recent mortality trends in both the US Black and White populations most likely reflect period-based exposures to 1) the US opioid epidemic and 2) the Great Recession. We analyzed cause-specific mortality trends in the United States for deaths from suicide, drug use, and alcohol use among non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White Americans, aged 20–64 years, over 1990–2017. We employed sex-, race-, and cause-of-death–stratified Poisson rate models and age-period-cohort models to compare mortality trends. Results indicate that rising “deaths of despair” for both Black and White Americans are overwhelmingly driven by period-based increases in drug-related deaths since the late 1990s. Further, deaths related to alcohol use and suicide among both White and Black Americans changed during the Great Recession, despite some racial differences across cohorts.
Variation in climatic tolerance, but not stomatal traits, partially explains Pooideae grass species distributions
Authors: Das Aayudh , Prakash Anoob , Dedon Natalie , Doty Alex , Siddiqui Muniba , Preston Jill C 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsGrasses in subfamily Pooideae live in some of the world’s harshest terrestrial environments, from frigid boreal zones to the arid windswept steppe. It is hypothesized that the climate distribution of species within this group is driven by differences in climatic tolerance, and that tolerance can be partially explained by variation in stomatal traits.MethodsWe determined the aridity index (AI) and minimum temperature of the coldest month (MTCM) for 22 diverse Pooideae accessions and one outgroup, and used comparative methods to assess predicted relationships for climate traits versus fitness traits, stomatal diffusive conductance to water (gw) and speed of stomatal closure following drought and/or cold.Key ResultsResults demonstrate that AI and MTCM predict variation in survival/regreening following drought/cold, and gw under drought/cold is positively correlated with δ 13C-measured water use efficiency (WUE). However, the relationship between climate traits and fitness under drought/cold was not explained by gw or speed of stomatal closure.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that Pooideae distributions are at least partly determined by tolerance to aridity and above-freezing cold, but that variation in tolerance is not uniformly explained by variation in stomatal traits.
A Bayesian optimal escape model reveals bird species differ in their capacity to habituate to humans
Authors: Sutton Nicholas M , Weston Michael A , Guay Patrick J , Tregoweth Jenna , O’Dwyer James P 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The capacity to habituate to, or tolerate, the close proximity of humans varies among wildlife species and may mediate population and species viability. Some species readily habituate to human proximity while others remain sensitive. These differences are important for predicting human impact on wildlife, but can be difficult to quantify given wildlife responses are highly idiosyncratic and are often context dependent. A general method for assimilating multiple sources of information and variation in individual responses is needed to extract meaningful descriptors of population- and species-level behavior. We apply a previously verified Bayesian optimal escape model to quantify differences in the perceived risk of seven species of waterbird, and generate a metric for species-specific sensitivity by estimating the relative change in risk perception of each species across an environmental gradient from low to high prevailing human activity level. We found that, in general, birds are the least habituated (evidently perceived the highest level of risk from humans) in sites with low human activity and the most habituated (evidently perceived lower levels of risk from humans) in sites with high human activity. Species varied in the degree of these differences, with some insensitive to human activity level, while others were highly sensitive. Aside from improving our ability to study the habituation of wild populations, this method for quantifying risk perception at population and species scales has broad applications in the management and monitoring of wildlife, and may aid in environmental impact assessments and identifying populations/species susceptible to disturbance.
A community-supported metaproteomic pipeline for improving peptide identifications in hydrothermal vent microbiota
Authors: Chang Yafei , Fan Qilian , Hou Jialin , Zhang Yu , Li Jing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMicroorganisms in deep-sea hydrothermal vents provide valuable insights into life under extreme conditions. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics has been widely used to identify protein expression and function. However, the metaproteomic studies in deep-sea microbiota have been constrained largely by the low identification rates of protein or peptide. To improve the efficiency of metaproteomics for hydrothermal vent microbiota, we firstly constructed a microbial gene database (HVentDB) based on 117 public metagenomic samples from hydrothermal vents and proposed a metaproteomic analysis strategy, which takes the advantages of not only the sample-matched metagenome, but also the metagenomic information released publicly in the community of hydrothermal vents. A two-stage false discovery rate method was followed up to control the risk of false positive. By applying our community-supported strategy to a hydrothermal vent sediment sample, about twice as many peptides were identified when compared with the ways against the sample-matched metagenome or the public reference database. In addition, more enriched and explainable taxonomic and functional profiles were detected by the HVentDB-based approach exclusively, as well as many important proteins involved in methane, amino acid, sugar, glycan metabolism and DNA repair, etc. The new metaproteomic analysis strategy will enhance our understanding of microbiota, including their lifestyles and metabolic capabilities in extreme environments. The database HVentDB is freely accessible from http://lilab.life.sjtu.edu.cn:8080/HventDB/main.html.
siGCD: a web server to explore survival interaction of genes, cells and drugs in human cancers
Authors: Cui XiuLiang , Han Lu , Liu Yang , Li Ying , Sun Wen , Song Bin , Zhou Wenxia , Zhang Yongxiang , Wang Hongyang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
It is pivotal and remains challenge for cancer precision treatment to identify the survival outcome interactions between genes, cells and drugs. Here, we present siGCD, a web-based tool for analysis and visualization of the survival interaction of Genes, Cells and Drugs in human cancers. siGCD utilizes the cancer heterogeneity to simulate the manipulated gene expression, cell infiltration and drug treatment, which overcomes the data and experimental limitations. To illustrate the performance of siGCD, we identified the survival interaction partners of EGFR (gene level), T cells (cell level) and sorafenib (drug level), and our prediction was consistent with previous reports. Moreover, we validate the synergistic effect of regorafenib and glyburide, and found that glyburide could significantly improve the regorafenib response. These results demonstrate that siGCD could benefit cancer precision medicine in a wide range of advantageous application scenarios including gene regulatory network construction, immune cell regulatory gene identification, drug (especially multiple target drugs) response biomarker screening and combination therapeutic design.
Subtle environmental variation affects phenotypic differentiation of shallow divergent treefrog lineages in Amazonia
Authors: Rainha Raíssa N , Martinez Pablo A , Moraes Leandro J C L , Castro Kathleen M S A , Réjaud Alexandre , Fouquet Antoine , Leite Rafael N , Rodrigues Miguel T , Werneck Fernanda P 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAmazonia harbours a vast biotic and ecological diversity, enabling investigation of the effects of microevolutionary processes and environmental variation on species diversification. Integrative approaches combining phenotypic and genetic variation can improve our knowledge on diversification processes in megadiverse regions. Here, we investigate the influence of environmental and geographic variation on the genetic and morphological differentiation in the Amazonian Boana calcarata-fasciata (Anura: Hylidae) species complex. We analysed the variation of one mtDNA gene from individuals of different forest environments, and assessed their phylogenetic relationships and species limits to define the lineages to perform a phenotypic-environmental approach. We collected morphological data (head shape and size) using 3D models and investigated the phylogenetic signal, evolutionary model and influence of environmental variables on morphology. We verified associations between environmental and geographical distances with morphological and genetic variation using distance-based redundancy analyses and Mantel tests. We found an even higher cryptic diversity than already recognized within the species complex. Body size and head shape varied among specimens, but did not present phylogenetic signal, diverging under a selective evolutionary model. Our results show that diverse factors have influenced morphological and genetic variation, but environmental conditions such as vegetation cover, precipitation and climate change velocity influenced morphological diversification. Possible population-level mechanisms such as parallel morphological evolution or plastic responses to similar environments could account for such patterns in these typical Amazonian treefrogs.
Opening of ATP sensitive potassium channels causes migraine attacks with aura
Authors: Al-Karagholi Mohammad Al-Mahdi , Ghanizada Hashmat , Nielsen Cherie Amalie Waldorff , Hougaard Anders , Ashina Messoud 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMigraine afflicts more than one billion individuals worldwide and is a leading cause of years lived with disability. In about a third of individuals with migraine aura occur in relation to migraine headache. The common pathophysiological mechanisms underlying migraine headache and migraine aura are yet to be identified. Based on recent data, we hypothesized that levcromakalim, an ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener, would trigger migraine attacks with aura in patients. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, 17 patients aged 21–59 years and diagnosed with migraine with aura exclusively were randomly allocated to receive an infusion of 0.05 mg/min levcromakalim or placebo (isotonic saline) on two different days (ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT04012047). The primary end points were the difference in incidence of migraine attacks with or without aura, headache and the difference in the area under the curve for headache intensity scores (0–12 h). Seventeen patients completed the study. Fourteen of 17 (82%) patients developed migraine attacks with and without aura after levcromakalim compared with 1 of 17 (6%) after placebo (P &lt; 0.001). Ten patients (59%) developed migraine with aura after levcromakalim compared with none after placebo (P = 0.002). One additional patient reported ‘possible’ aura, only partially fulfilling the criteria. Levcromakalim is likely a novel migraine aura-inducing substance in humans. These findings highlight the ATP-sensitive potassium channel as a shared target in migraine aura and migraine headache. Likely, ATP-sensitive potassium channel opening leads to triggering of aura and headache, respectively, via distinct mechanisms.
Regional Variation in Captures of Male Paralobesia viteana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Monitoring Traps in Michigan Is Not Due to Geographical Variation in Male Response to Pheromone
Authors: Mason Keith , Isaacs Rufus 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Paralobesia viteana (Clemens), grape berry moth, is a major pest of grapes in Eastern North America. There is substantial regional variation in the response of male P. viteana to sex pheromone-baited monitoring traps in Michigan vineyards. Males are readily captured in traps in the southwest region, whereas in the northwest very few males are captured, despite larval infestation in grapes in both regions. Y-tube olfactometers and field experiments determined the response of male moths from northern and southern populations to the pheromone blend used in monitoring lures and to females from both regions. In Y-tube choice tests, males responded similarly to the standard pheromone blend, and males did not preferentially choose females from either region. In field trials, traps baited with unmated females were deployed to test the preference of resident males for females from the two regions and for standard pheromone lures. In southwest Michigan vineyards, significantly more males were caught in traps with a 1.0-µg standard pheromone lure than in traps with captive females collected from vineyards in both regions or in traps with a blank lure control. A similar pattern of male captures among lure treatments was observed in northwest vineyards, although many fewer males were trapped and differences among treatments were not significant. We conclude that the observed regional differences in male response to pheromone traps are not caused by variation in pheromone-mediated behavioral responses, suggesting that other biotic and/or abiotic differences determine the regional variation in captures of this species.
Comprehensive echocardiographic evaluation of the right heart in patients with pulmonary vascular diseases: the PVDOMICS experience
Authors: Jellis Christine L , Park Margaret M , Abidov Aiden , Borlaug Barry A , Brittain Evan L , Frantz Robert , Hassoun Paul M , Horn Evelyn M , Jaber Wael A , Jiwon Kim , Karas Maria G , Kwon Deborah , Leopold Jane A , Maron Bradley , Mathai Stephen C , Mehra Reena , Rischard Franz , Rosenzweig Erika B , Tang W H Wilson , Vanderpool Rebecca , Thomas James D ,   the PVDOMICS Study Group
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Aims
There is a wide spectrum of diseases associated with pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary vascular remodelling, and right ventricular dysfunction. The NIH-sponsored PVDOMICS network seeks to perform comprehensive clinical phenotyping and endophenotyping across these disorders to further evaluate and define pulmonary vascular disease.

Methods and results
Echocardiography represents the primary non-invasive method to phenotype cardiac anatomy, function, and haemodynamics in these complex patients. However, comprehensive right heart evaluation requires the use of multiple echocardiographic parameters and optimized techniques to ensure optimal image acquisition. The PVDOMICS echo protocol outlines the best practice approach to echo phenotypic assessment of the right heart/pulmonary artery unit.

Conclusion
Novel workflow processes, methods for quality control, data for feasibility of measurements, and reproducibility of right heart parameters derived from this study provide a benchmark frame of reference. Lessons learned from this protocol will serve as a best practice guide for echocardiographic image acquisition and analysis across the spectrum of right heart/pulmonary vascular disease.
Bicuspid aortic valve repair: outcomes after 17 years of experience
Authors: Jasinski Marek J , Kosiorowska Kinga , Gocol Radoslaw , Jasinski Jakub , Nowicki Rafal , Bielicki Grzegorz , Berezowski Mikolaj , Przybylski Roman , Obremska Marta , Lukaszewski Marceli , Larysz Anna , Kansy Andrzej , Deja Marek A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This study presents the results of 17 years of experience with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) repair and the analysis of factors associated with repair failure and early echocardiographic outcome.

METHODS
Between 2003 and 2020, a total of 206 patients [mean age: 44.5 ± 15.2 years; 152 males (74%)] with BAV insufficiency with or without aortic dilatation underwent elective aortic valve repair performed by a single surgeon with a mean follow-up of 5 ± 3.5 years. The transthoracic echocardiography examinations were reported.

RESULTS
There were no deaths during the hospital stay, and all but 1 patient survived the follow-up period (99.5%). Overall, 10 patients (5%) developed severe insufficiency and 2 (1%) developed aortic dilatation requiring reoperation. Freedom from reoperation at 7 years reached 91.8%. Type 2 BAV configuration [hazard ratio (HR) 3.9; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–60; P = 0.049], no sinotubular junction remodelling (HR 7; 95% CI: 1.7–23; P = 0.005), no circumferential annuloplasty (HR 3.9; 95% CI: 1.01–64; P = 0.047) and leaflet resection (HR 5.7; 95% CI 1.2–13. P = 0.017) have been identified as a risk factor of redo operation. Parameters of the postoperative left ventricle reverse remodelling improved significantly early after the operation and later at 2 years evaluation.

CONCLUSIONS
The repair of BAV offers good short- and mid-term results providing a significant reverse left ventricular remodelling. Type 0 BAV preoperative configuration, circumferential annuloplasty and sinotubular junction remodelling are associated with better repair durability.