bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissolved organic matter concentration, molecular composition, and functional groups in contrasting management practices of peatlands
Authors: Negassa Wakene , Eckhardt Kai‐Uwe , Regier Tom , Leinweber Peter 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAbout 91,300 ha of peatlands has been rewetted in western Europe since the mid‐1990s. Still, it is unknown how long‐term rewetting alters the dissolved organic matter (DOM) concentration, molecular composition, and functional groups. We examined these DOM characteristics in three peatland types subjected to 47‐ to 231‐yr drainage and 18‐ to 24‐yr rewetting to address this knowledge gap. Cold water‐extractable DOM was characterized by pyrolysis field ionization mass spectrometry (Py‐FIMS) and X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration in the rewetted forest peatland was 2.7 times higher than in the drained forest peatland. However, rewetting decreased the DOC concentrations by 1.5 and 4 times in the coastal peatland and percolation mire, respectively, compared with their respective drained peatlands at the topsoil horizons. The Py‐FIMS analysis revealed that all nine DOM compound classes' relative abundances differed between the rewetted and drained forest peatland with the lower relative abundances of the labile DOM compound classes in the rewetted forest peatlands. However, most DOM compound classes' relative abundances were similar between the rewetted and drained coastal peatlands and percolation mires. The XANES also revealed nine carbon and seven nitrogen functional groups with no apparent differences between the two contrasting management practices. The influence of drainage and rewetting on DOC concentration and molecular composition depends on peatland type, drainage period, rewetting intensity, and peat degradation status that should be considered in future research for understanding DOM transformation and transportation from degraded and restored peatland ecosystems.
Risk factors for HIV virological non‐suppression among adolescents with common mental disorder symptoms in Zimbabwe: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Simms Victoria , Bernays Sarah , Chibanda Dixon , Chinoda Silindweyinkosi , Mutsinze Abigail , Beji‐Chauke Rhulani , Mugurungi Owen , Apollo Tsitsi , Sithole Dorcas , Verhey Ruth , Weiss Helen A , Willis Nicola 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionAdolescents are at increased risk of HIV virological non‐suppression compared to adults and younger children. Common mental disorders such as anxiety and depression are a barrier to adherence and virological suppression. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with virological non‐suppression among adolescents living with HIV (ALWH) in Zimbabwe who had symptoms of common mental disorders.MethodsWe utilized baseline data from a cluster‐randomized controlled trial of a problem‐solving therapy intervention to improve mental health and HIV viral suppression of ALWH. Sixty clinics within 10 districts were randomized 1:1 to either the intervention or control arm, with the aim to recruit 14 adolescents aged 10 to 19 per clinic. Adolescents were eligible if they scored ≥7 on the Shona Symptom Questionnaire measuring symptoms of common mental disorders. Multivariable mixed‐effects logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for factors associated with non‐suppression, defined as viral load ≥1000 copies/mL.ResultsBetween 2 January and 21 March 2019 the trial enrolled 842 participants aged 10 to 19 years (55.5% female, 58.8% aged <16). Most participants (N = 613) were taking an NNRTI‐based ART regimen (13 PI‐based, 216 unknown) and median duration on ART was six years (IQR three to nine years, 240 unknown). Of the 833 with viral load data 292 (35.1%) were non‐suppressed. Virological non‐suppression was independently associated with male sex (adjusted OR (aOR) = 1.43, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.97), and with not knowing one’s own HIV status (aOR = 1.77, 95% CI 1.08 to 2.88), or knowing one’s status but not disclosing it to anyone (aOR = 1.99, 95% CI 1.36 to 2.93), compared to adolescents who knew their status and had disclosed it to someone.ConclusionsALWH with symptoms of common mental disorders have high prevalence of virological non‐suppression in Zimbabwe, especially if they do not know their status or have not disclosed it. In general adolescents should be informed of their HIV status, with encouragement on the beneficial health and social effects of viral suppression, to incentivise adherence. Efforts to strengthen the operationalization of disclosure guidelines for adolescents should now be prioritized.
High mobility group box-1 serves a pathogenic role in spinal cord injury via the promotion of pro-inflammatory cytokines
Authors: Chen Ke-Bing , Chang Min-Min , Wang Sheng-Li , Li Yong-Xin , Wang Yi-Xi , Xu Zhi-Guang , Wang Hong , Zhao Bing-Cheng , Ma Wei-Ying 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTraumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition marked by permanent motor, sensory, and autonomic dysfunction, in which the inflammatory response serves an important and preventable role. High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is a potent regulator of inflammation in numerous acute and chronic inflammatory conditions.; however, the role of HMGB1 in SCI remains unclear. The present study aimed to characterize the temporal dynamics of HMGB1 release after SCI, to investigate the role of spinal microglia activation in mediating the effects of HMGB1 on SCI, and to explore the therapeutic potential of intrathecal anti-HMGB1 polyclonal antibody on alleviating SCI. The present study demonstrated that HMGB1 expression was increased immediately after traumatic injury of a primary spinal neuron culture. It was found that neutralizing HMGB1 significantly ameliorated SCI pathogenesis and hind limb paralysis. Moreover, the levels of a number of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the SCI lesion were reduced when local HMGB1 was blocked by anti-HMGB1 antibody. In addition, the injured neuron-derived conditioned medium increased TNF-α secretion and the NF-κB pathway in the BV2 microglia cell line via HMGB1. Collectively, these results indicated that HMGB1 served an important role in SCI inflammation and suggested the therapeutic potential of an anti-HMGB1 antibody for SCI.
Anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG levels in relation to disease severity of COVID‐19
Authors: Yan Xiquan , Chen Guoqiang , Jin Zhaoxia , Zhang Zhongwei , Zhang Bing , He Jiangming , Yin Siqing , Huang Juanshu , Fan Maiying , Li Zhenyuan , Chen Fang , Zeng Yong , Han Xiaotong , Zhu Yimin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe durability of infection‐induced severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) immunity has crucial implications for reinfection and vaccine effectiveness. However, the relationship between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) severity and long‐term anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody level is poorly understood. Here, we measured the longevity of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific IgG antibodies in survivors who had recovered from COVID‐19 1 year previously. In a cohort of 473 survivors with varying disease severity (asymptomatic, mild, moderate, or severe), we observed a positive correlation between virus‐specific IgG antibody titers and COVID‐19 severity. In particular, the highest virus‐specific IgG antibody titers were observed in patients with severe COVID‐19. By contrast, 74.4% of recovered asymptomatic carriers had negative anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG test results, while many others had very low virus‐specific IgG antibody titers. Our results demonstrate that SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific IgG persistence and titer depend on COVID‐19 severity.
Genes encoding bile salt hydrolase differentially affect adhesion of Lactiplantibacillus plantarumAR113
Authors: Wu Taoying , Wang Guangqiang , Tang Hongyu , Xiong Zhiqiang , Song Xin , Xia Yongjun , Lai Phoency F‐H , Ai Lianzhong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDAdhesion is considered important for Lactiplantibacillus to persist in the human gut and for it to exert probiotic effects. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum contains a considerable number and variety of genes encoding bile salt hydrolases (bsh), but their effects on microbial adhesion remain poorly understood. To clarify the effects of four bsh on adhesion, we tried to knock out bsh (Δbsh) of L. plantarum AR113 using the CRISPR‐Cas9 method, and compared the growth, auto‐aggregation (RAA), co‐aggregation (RCA), surface hydrophobicity (AHC) of AR113 wild‐type and Δbsh strains and their adhesion abilities to HT29 cells.RESULTSWe first obtained the AR113 Δbsh1,3,2,4 strain with four bsh knocked out. Their growth was significantly slower than the wild‐type strain cultured in De Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe medium (MRS) with 3.0 g L−1 glyco‐ or tauro‐conjugated bile acid. Bsh had no significant effect on the growth of ten strains cultured in MRS, but Δbsh1 inhibited their growth when cultured in MRS containing 3.0 g L−1 sodium glycocholate, whereas Δbsh4 instead promoted their growth in MRS with 3.0 g L−1 sodium glycocholate and sodium taurocholate. RCA and RAA were linearly positive for all strains except AR113 Δbsh2,4, and AHC and RAA were negatively correlated for most strains excluding AR113 Δbsh2, with RAA = 6.38–25.05%, RCA = 5.17–9.22%, and ACH = 3.22–47.71%. The adhesion ability of ten strains cultured in MRS was higher than that of strains cultured in MRS with 3.0 g L−1 bovine bile, and it was related to bsh2.CONCLUSIONBsh differentially affected the adhesion of AR113 series strains. This adds to the available information about substrate‐gene‐performance, and provides new information to enable engineering to regulate the colonization of Lactiplantibacillus. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Verified the rapid evaluation of the edible safety of wild porcini mushrooms, using deep learning and PLS‐DA
Authors: Wang Li , Liu Honggao , Li Tao , Li Jieqing , Wang Yuanzhong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDHow to quickly identify poisonous mushrooms is a worldwide problem, because poisonous mushrooms and edible mushrooms have very similar appearances. Even some edible mushrooms must be processed further before they can be eaten. In addition, mushrooms from different geographical origins contain different levels of heavy metals. Eating frequent mushrooms with excessive heavy metal content can also cause food poisoning. This information is very important and needs to be informed to consumers in advance. Through the demand for the safety of porcini mushrooms in the Yunnan area we propose a hierarchical identification system based on Fourier‐transform near‐infrared (FT‐NIR) spectroscopy to evaluate the edible safety of porcini species.RESULTSWe found that deep learning is the most effective means to identify the edible safety of porcini, and the recognition accuracy was 100%, by comparing two pattern recognition tools, deep learning and partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA). Although the accuracy of the PLS‐DA test set is 96.10%, the poisonous porcini is not allowed to be wrongly judged. In addition, the cadmium (Cd) content of Leccinum rugosiceps in the Midu area exceeded the standard. Deep learning can trace Le. rugosiceps geographic origin with an accuracy of 100%.CONCLUSIONThe overall results show that deep learning methods based on FT‐NIR can identify porcini that is at risk of being eaten. This has useful application prospects in food safety. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effects of flaxseed cake fortification on bread shelf life, and its possible use as feed for Tenebrio molitor larvae in a circular economy: preliminary results
Authors: Taglieri Isabella , Bedini Stefano , Zinnai Angela , Sanmartin Chiara , Conti Barbara , Farina Priscilla , Chiriboga Ortega Rodrigo D , De Leo Marinella , Braca Alessandra , Tavarini Silvia , Venturi Francesca 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDBread represents a significant share of food waste worldwide. The extension of the bread shelf life together with innovative systems of food waste treatment might decrease waste biomass decay, the need for transportation, and the need for storage. In recent years, insects have been selected as a valuable tool for food waste treatment owing to their capability to transform low‐value food waste into biomass with high nutritional value. Bakery wastes can be used profitably for this purpose.This work had two objectives: (i) to measure the impact of flaxseed cake fortification on bread shelf life depending on the leavening agent (baker's yeast vs sourdough); (ii) to evaluate the possible reuse of the stale bread fortified with flaxseed cake for Tenebrio molitor rearing.RESULTSOur results showed that fortification seemed to slow the hardening rate of bread, particularly if baker's yeast was used. The time necessary for mold to appear in sourdough bread doubled (from 2 to 4 days). The addition of flaxseed cake to the recipe determined an increase of its scrap consumption by T. molitor larvae. We also observed a significant increase in the body mass of the T. molitor larvae fed with bread obtained with the brewer's yeast with respect to larvae fed with the sourdough.CONCLUSIONTaken together, these preliminary data can indicate that sourdough bread fortified with 5% of flaxseed cake can represent a promising tool to reduce food waste and to recycle bread scraps by a novel zero‐waste approach. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Near‐total mandibular reconstruction following osteoradionecrosis with double scapula tip free flap: A case report
Authors: Barton Blair M. , Blumberg Jeffrey M. , Patel Samip N. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNear‐total mandibular reconstruction poses many challenges to reconstructive surgeons. The purpose of this article is to present a challenging case in a patient with osteoradionecrosis of the mandible requiring a near‐total mandibular reconstruction using bilateral scapula tip free tissue reconstruction. A 68‐year‐old African–American male with a history of T2N0M0 squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil presented with advanced stage osteoradionecrosis of the mandible. Reconstruction was planned using 3D Systems (Denver, CO), mandibular osteotomies were planned inferior to the sigmoid notch on the ascending rami. Neither fibula flap was amenable for harvesting due to poor vasculature of the patient's lower extremities, and bilateral scapula tip free flaps were subsequently planned. The post‐operative course was complicated by venous congestion in the right scapula flap which required revision to the venous anastomosis on POD 1. The patient had intraoral breakdown that required debridement in the operating room and application of a cellular matrix. The patient fully recovered from the acute surgery and was discharged home without a tracheostomy. At the last follow up visit, the patient was taking 100% of diet peroral and had no signs of oral incompetence, mental projection was satisfactory, and the ability to verbally communicate was unimpaired. We report a complex case of near‐total mandibular reconstruction using simultaneous bilateral scapula tip free flaps. While we do not advocate simultaneous bilateral scapula tip free flaps as the standard of care for large mandibulectomy defects, it may be considered for patients in which traditional osseous free flaps are not available.
Performance enhancement of cross dipole circularly polarized antenna using parasitic elements
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhu Zhangming 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study designs a wideband circularly polarized (CP) cross dipole antenna (CDA) with modified characteristics. The CP CDA consists of four quarter disks, four sector rings, four rotated grounded metal sheets and a pair of vacant quarter rings as a continuous‐phase feeding geometry. In contrast to the conventional vacant quarter rings, the modified vacant quarter rings increase the impedance bandwidth (IBW) and provide a 90° phase difference to obtain CP radiation. In addition to exploiting the quarter disks and sector rings to broaden the CP bandwidth, grounded metal sheets are utilized to widen the CP bandwidth of the proposed antenna. By utilizing the multiple CP resonant modes excited by these elements, the CP bandwidth of the antenna can be improved. As a result, the proposed antenna exhibits broad –10‐dB IBW of 109% (2.13, 0.97–3.29 GHz) and a wide 3‐dB axial ratio bandwidth of 88.9% (2.34, 1.30–3.38 GHz).
Small extracellular vesicles derived from in vivo‐ or in vitro‐produced bovine blastocysts have different miRNAs profiles—Implications for embryo‐maternal recognition
Authors: Bridi Alessandra , Andrade Gabriella M. , del Collado Maite , Sangalli Juliano R. , de Ávila Ana C. F. C. M. , Motta Igor G. , da Silva Júlio C. B. , Pugliesi Guilherme , Silva Luciano A. , Meirelles Flávio V. , da Silveira Juliano C. , Perecin Felipe 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn vivo‐ and in vitro‐produced bovine embryos have different metabolic profiles and differences in gene transcription patterns. These embryos also have a distinct ability to establish and sustain early pregnancies. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are secreted by embryos and carry bioactive molecules, such as miRNAs. We hypothesize that in vivo or in vitro‐produced bovine hatched blastocysts on Day 9 and the sEVs secreted by them have different miRNA profiles. To address this hypothesis, embryos of both groups were placed in in vitro culture on Day 7. After 48 h, hatched embryos and hatched embryo‐conditioned media (eCM) of both groups were collected. A total of 210 miRNAs were detected in embryos of both groups, of these 6 miRNAs were downregulated, while 7 miRNAs were upregulated in vitro group when compared to in vivo group. sEVs were isolated from eCM to determine miRNA profile. A total of 106 miRNAs were detected in both groups, including 14 miRNAs upregulated in sEVs from in vivo‐eCM, and 2 miRNAs upregulated in sEVs from in vitro‐eCM. These miRNAs express in embryos and sEVs secreted by them regulate early embryonic developmental and endometrial pathways, which can modify embryo‐maternal communication during early pregnancy and consequently affect pregnancy establishment.
FEASibility testing a randomized controlled trial of an exercise program to improve cognition for T2DM patients (the FEAST trial): A study protocol
Authors: Liu Tingting , Hettish Lindsey , Lo Wen‐Juo , Gray Michelle , Li Changwei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhile cognitive dysfunction is an important concern in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), it has received little attention in the T2DM literature. Although it often remains unrecognized, cognitive dysfunction associated with T2DM can lead to severe consequences. Prior research studies have consistently shown that aerobic exercise enhances cognitive function among healthy subjects. However, very few studies have examined the effects of aerobic exercise on cognitive function in persons with T2DM. In addition, one important single‐nucleotide polymorphism that influences cognition in humans is the brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met variant. Despite strong evidence suggesting aerobic exercise has a beneficial effect on cognitive function, there is significant variability in individual response to exercise programs on cognitive outcomes among Val/Val versus Met carriers. However, the evidence on how the BDNF Val66Met variant influences cognitive outcomes following an aerobic exercise intervention among individuals with T2DM is currently lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this randomized controlled trial is to pilot‐test a 3‐month supervised exercise program to improve plasma BDNF levels and cognition, overall and according to genotypes of the BDNF Val66Met variant. A total of 81 patients with T2DM will be randomly assigned to either aerobic exercise group (n = 54) or attention control group (n = 27) for 3 months. Outcomes of interest include postintervention changes in plasma BDNF levels, fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, body mass index, executive function, memory, and processing speed. This study will provide further evidence on use of exercise as a non‐pharmaceutical, low‐cost intervention to improve cognition in this population.
Deep Eutectic Solvents and Multicomponent Reactions: Two Convergent Items to Green Chemistry Strategies
Authors: Calvo‐Flores Francisco G. , Mingorance‐Sánchez Cristina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOne of the highlights of green chemistry is the development of techniques and procedures with low environmental impact. In the last years, deep eutectic solvents (DES) have become an important alternative to conventional organic solvents. For a period ionic liquids have provoked remarkable interest, but they have been displaced by DES because they show easier preparation methods, lower prices, many of them are biodegradable and compatible with biological systems. In addition, they show adjustable physicochemical properties, high thermal stability, low volatility and are compatible with water. In this paper is reviewed the state of the art of the use of DES paying special attention to the role of reaction media in organic synthesis.
Interpolyelectrolyte complexes based on hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile for anti‐erosion stabilization of soils and ground
Authors: Novoskoltseva Olga A , Loiko Natalia G , Nikolaev Yury A , Lisin Andrey O , Panova Irina G , Yaroslavov Alexander A 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe describe six aqueous formulations prepared from anionic HYPAN, an acrylic acid/acrylamide copolymer, and cationic poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) for stabilization of loamy sandy soil and quartz sand. The formulations were deposited on the surface of soil and sand that after drying resulted in the formation of protective polymer–soil and polymer–sand coatings. Most formulations gave mechanically stable coatings with a strength of 100–200 kg cm−2 and sustained a storm wind of 76 km h−1. A non‐stoichiometric HYPAN–PDADMAC polycomplex with a 10‐fold excess of anionic HYPAN units formed the water resistant coatings, which retained 99% soil and 90% sand. These characteristics were superior to those for coatings made from a conventional binder polyacrylamide. Additionally, the coating from soil and ‘anionic’ non‐stoichiometric interpolyelectrolyte complex increased the total amount of stored water and lengthened the time of water release. Anionic polymer formulations did not exhibit antimicrobial action against bacteria and yeast in both solutions and films. Cationic polymer formulations manifested strong antimicrobial action against bacteria and yeast in solutions, and suppressed the growth of Gram‐positive bacteria and yeast in films. Taking into account the commercial availability of the initial polymers and a simple procedure for polycomplex preparation, there is great potential for anionic polymer formulations as anti‐erosion binders and soil conditioners. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.