bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proportion of taro and wheat flour, and konjac flour concentration on the characteristics of wet noodles
Authors: Rejeki F S , Wedowati E R , Puspitasari D , Kartika J W , Revitriani M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
To be consumed as healthy food, it is necessary to improve the process to reduce the calorie value of the wet noodles. For this reason, this study used taro flour to substitute wheat flour in the processing of wet noodles. However, the use of taro flour as raw material for making noodles will reduce the quality of the product, especially from the noodles’ elasticity and texture. For this purpose, konjac flour containing glucomannan was added. Therefore, it is necessary to study the processing of wet noodles with various proportions of taro and wheat flour, and konjac flour concentration on the quality of wet noodles. This research used two factors treatment namely: the ratio of taro and wheat flour with three levels (30%:70%, 40%:60%, and 50%:50%) and konjac flour concentration with three levels (1.5%, 3.0%, and 4.5%) based on total flour weight. The parameters observed in this study were the content of water, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrate, calorie value, and the organoleptic test, which included taste, colour, aroma, and texture. Based on the analysis of variants, there was no interaction between factors. Still, the factor of the proportion of taro and konjac flour indicated the significant difference between levels for all chemical parameters except fat. Besides, the Friedman test indicates the significant difference for all organoleptic parameters. The results showed that the best treatment was the proportion of taro to wheat flour 30:70, and a concentration of 4.5% konjac flour with a total expected value of 7.86.
Effect of bulbil sizes on growth and corm yield of porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) grown on alfisol soil
Authors: Soedarjo M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) is one of the agribusiness crops in Indonesia and has been becoming an important income source for Indonesian farmers. Since decades ago, porang has been harvested from the forest as its natural habitat, under a shading environment. Due to its high economic value, more farmers have cultivated porang on open land. The present investigation was undertaken on Alfisol soil in the glasshouse, which mimics an open growing environment. The present research aimed at evaluating the effect of different bulbil sizes on the growth and corm yield of porang on Alfisol soil. Five different sizes of porang bulbil as treatments [1.88 + 0.054 g, 2 = 3.21 + 0.044, 3 = 4.21 + 0.043, 4 = 6.45 + 0.04 and 5 = 9.10 + 0.22 g/bulbil] were laid out in completely randomized design and each treatment was replicated 3 times. All data obtained were analyzed by employing the standard deviation from 3 replicates for each treatment. Plant height and plant diameter at an earlier growing stage significantly increased with an increase of bulbil size. Bigger bulbil size also improved significantly the shoot dry weight, the corm diameter, the corm thickness and the fresh weight of corm at harvest. The highest value in all variables measured was attained by the biggest size of bulbil. The present research work suggests to use a bigger bulbil size as much as possible in order to produce a higher corm yield.
The effects of pre-processing sanitation and modified atmosphere packaging on microbial growth in bulk packs of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fillets
Authors: Dewi Fera R , Powell Shane M , Stanley Roger A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This research was to extend the shelf-life of fresh Atlantic salmon fillets when packaged in bulk food service modified atmosphere packaging trays with low gas to product volume ratios. When head-on-gutted Atlantic salmon were washed in Neutral electrolyzed water sanitizer prior to filleting, the microbial load on the skin of HOGs treated at 20 ppm and 100 ppm chlorine equivalents decreased by 3.5 log CFU/cm2 down to 2.0 and 1.5 log CFU/cm2, respectively. Further trials washed the HOGs with 100 ppm of NEW before filleting. They were then packed in a different product gas to product (G/P) volume ratios (0.4:1, 1:1 and 2:1) and stored at 0°C or 4°C up to 20 days. The combinations of sanitation pre-processing and high G/P ratio were most effective for controlling the microbial count to 4.5 log CFU/g when stored at 0°C compared to a microbial count of 7.2 log CFU/g for the unwashed fillets after 20 days under 4°C storage. Other variable combinations were between these levels. A combination of improved pre-processing sanitation and a low temperature can therefore raise the hurdles for microbial growth to extend the shelf-life of bulk packed fresh salmon fillets packed at high volumetric densities for storage and shipping efficiency.
The characteristics of dried Suji (Dracaena angustifolia (medik.) Roxb.) leaves powder produced by different drying methods and temperatures
Authors: Putri D A , Murtini E S , Sunarharum W B 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSuji leaves (Dracaena angustifolia(medik.) Roxb.) is one of the chlorophyll sources for producing a dark green color. Suji, extracted with water, has been widely used as a natural colorant for traditional Indonesian food. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of drying methods (vacuum drying and cabinet drying), and temperature (40, 50, and 60°C) on the physical and chemical characteristics of dried Suji leaves powder (DSLP). Results showed that the drying method and the temperature had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on the color (L*, a*, b*), total chlorophyll, moisture, total phenolic content, pH, water absorption, oil absorption capacity, and bulk density of DSLP. Drying by vacuum drying at 50°C was the best treatment based on Zeleny calculation with the physical characteristics were L* 49.98, a*7.78, b* 20.88, water absorption capacity 453.48%, oil absorption capacity of 252.25%, bulk density 0.32 g/cm3, and chemical characteristics were moisture content of 6.70%, total chlorophyll content 12.98 mg/g, total phenolic content 97.26 mg/g, and pH 5.60. DSLP still has a high chlorophyll content, a green color, even increasing the total phenolic after the drying process, confirming that DSLP has the potential as a natural colorant in food processing.
The Indonesian coffee consumers perception on coffee quality and the effect on consumption behavior
Authors: Sunarharum W B , Ali D Y , Mahatmanto T , Nugroho P I , Asih N E , Mahardika A P , Geofani I 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The main issue of coffee commodity in Indonesia besides productivity is quality consistency. Defective coffee has a low quality level as well as low selling value and potentially detrimental for the coffee industry. However, despite its potential impact on coffee consumption behavior, the study on coffee quality based on Indonesian consumer perspectives is still limitedly published. This study aimed to investigate Indonesian coffee consumer perception on coffee quality and the effect on consumption behavior. The study was conducted using an online survey to coffee communities involving coffee consumers, and more experienced coffee consumers such as farmers, barista, Q-graders and coffee-based entrepreneurs in Indonesia. The data was analyzed for descriptive analysis, Cochran Q test and post hoc analysis using XLSTAT software and further visualized using Displayr online software. The result indicated that even though there were some similarity or agreement, the coffee consumers and more experienced consumers might perceive coffee quality differently. Those perceptions on quality might drive their different behavior on coffee consumption in Indonesia.
Separation of squalene rich fraction from palm oil fatty acid distillate (PFAD): A review
Authors: Nurfatimah R P , Ahmadi K G S , Hapsari I , Kholila K , Estiasih T 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Palm Oil Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) is a by-product of the palm oil industry which has many potential bioactive compounds such as vitamin E, phytosterols and squalene. To obtain multi-component bioactive compounds, saponification and extraction processes are required. The purpose of this study was to identify a review of the comparison of several methods that are more optimal in separating the Squalene-Rich Fraction from Palm Oil Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD). The study uses the systematic literature review method, where the review will study and compare several journal descriptions regarding comparisons in managing the optimal separation of the squalene fraction from the three types of methods offered, namely the method using solvents, the method using high pressure supercritical fluid extraction and the isolation of squalene method using Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. This review presents a descriptive analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the three methods. The study compared three methods for separating the squalene-rich fraction. The review suggests that the safest method to use is separation with low temperature solvents or the so-called low temperature solvent crystallization. Reviews show that this method will not destroy bioactive compounds which are easily oxidized, be easy to apply, require low production cost and capable of producing high purity squalene-rich fractions.
Financial analysis of RGL citrus (Citrus reticulata) farming in Rejang Lebong Regency Bengkulu
Authors: Fauzi E , Calista I , Hamdan  , Putra W E , Mikasari W , Ishak A , Yuliasari S , Sastro Y 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRGL Citrus is a new commodity that was developed in Rejang Lebong Regency Bengkulu. This commodity increased fastly since 2014, primarily in Pal 7 village, Bermani Ulu Raya subdistrict. Therefore need to analyze RGL citrus financial feasibility for agribusiness development. The purpose of this study is to analyze the financial feasibility of RGL citrus farming in Pal 7 village. The study was conducted from January to March 2020 by interviews with 10 RGL citrus farmers. Data collected were production cost, quantities of production, and price. Data Analyzed with Net B/C value, NPV, IRR, and Payback period in 6 years citrus cultivation. The results showed that RGL Citrus farming feasible with net B/C is 1.44, NPV 71,599,830, IRR 20.23% and PP in 5 years 6 months citrus old. An increase in production costs, a decrease in production, and a decrease in prices individually by 20% and changes together of the three criteria of 10% are still feasible in RGL citrus farming.
Effectiveness of sunscreen on galangal (Alpinia galangal) crude extract using the microwave-assisted extraction method
Authors: Rizkita C W , Sukardi  
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Sunscreen is widely used in cosmetics as skin protection to reduce or prevent damage caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This formulation of sunscreen contained compounds to absorb and reflect UV light. One natural ingredient that has sunscreen potential is Alpinia galangal which has anti-UV properties. Galangal contains flavonoid compound which has a significant role in warding off UV rays. At the same time, it also includes other compositions that have an anti-UV such as phenolic, saponin, alkaloid and terpenoids. The purpose of this research was to determine the best extraction condition and effectiveness of galangal extracted sunscreen. The sample of galangal was extracted using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method with ethanol as a solvent. The resulting extract was then used for sunscreen cream and physically tested to identify the effectiveness, indicated by SPF and irritation tests. The yield extract obtained was around 5.5% for 2 hours, with 500 W for power and ethanol ratio 1:3. The galangal extract Sunscreen has an SPF value of approximately 15, categorised in the high protection category, and the physical properties are stable. In this study, it was concluded that galangal extract has anti-UV properties, and the irritation test proved that sunscreen with galangal extract cause no irritation symptoms and was considered safe for use on normal skin.
Characteristic of semi refined and refined carrageenan flours used in the making of biofilm (bioplastic)
Authors: Wullandari P , Sedayu B B , Novianto T D , Prasetyo A W 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The physical, microbiological, and thermal properties of the raw material, semi refined and refined carrageenan derived from Eucheuma cottonii, were performed in purpose of preliminary research for biofilms (bioplastics) production. The physical properties i.e. particle size, pH, water content, gel strength and viscosity were tested. Meanwhile, the microbiological analysis were performed for the Total Plate Count, mold, and yeast. The thermal properties were performed using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The results showed that the Semi Refined Carrageenan (SRC) and Refined Carrageenan (RC) flour have respectively a 60 and 80 mesh of particle size, an 8 and 7 of pH, a 7.9 and 8 % of the moisture content, a 560 and 1140 g / cm2 of gel strength, and an 80 and 35 mPa·s of viscosity. The overall results of the microbiological tested showed that the SRC and RC were recognized as safe to be used for food application in accordance to the regulation, and the thermal analysis showed that the melting points of SRC and RC flour were respectively 168°C and 175°C.
Data integration of humidity sensor and image texture for water content prediction of Gracilaria sp. during sun drying
Authors: Erawan I M S , Handoyo W T , Sarwono W 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Water content on site-measurement of dried seaweed required method with a minimum time of sample preparation time, less destructive effect to the sample, and could be validated. This research aimed to evaluate the potency of some features consist of image texture, resistance, and capacitance data of humidity sensor to predict water content changing of seaweed Gracilaria sp. during sun-drying. Dried Gracilaria sp. was rehydrated before being used in sun-drying for 4 hours. Gravimetrically-based water content evaluation, digital image taking, and measurement of resistance and capacitance value were conducted every 30 minutes interval during the drying. Images captured and collected by webcam in a conditioned lighting chamber were used subsequently for extraction of image texture features while a humidity sensor array contained 2 resistive sensors and 1 capacitive sensor respectively were applied to collect resistance and capacitance data. Collected data were used to create 4 datasets i.e. (1) 54 image texture features; (2) 3 resistance and capacitance features; (3) 57 features combination of dataset 1 and 2; and (4) 11 Features selected from dataset 3. Correlation coefficient and Root Mean Square Error of 4 datasets were applied for model evaluation utilized Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and Multiple Layer Perceptron-based Neural Network (MLPNN). Investigation with cross-validation 10 folds test showed that MLPNN was the best model applied for dataset 1 with correlation coefficient and RMSE reached 0.89 and 9.11 respectively. Data integration of humidity sensor and image texture showed substantial potency to be used for the prediction of water content during sun drying.
Chemical properties, functionality, and morphology of taro flour modified by H2O2 oxidation and irradiation of UV light
Authors: Ekafitri R , Pranoto Y , Herminiati A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Taro tuber is one type of traditional Indonesian tubers which is potential to be processed into flour. Modification of taro flour using H2O2 oxidation catalysed with UV irradiation can improve the quality of taro flour. This study aims to determine the chemical properties, functionality, and morphology of modified taro flour affected by concentration H2O2 and oxidation-UV irradiation time. The study used a completely randomized design with two factors, hydrogen peroxide concentration (3, 4, and 5 percent) and time of oxidation-UV irradiation (5, 15, 25, and 35 minutes). Taro flour was analysed in terms of carbonyl, carboxyl, and amylose content pasting properties (peak viscosity, final viscosity, and setback, viscosity), baking expansion, crystallinity, and granular morphology. The results show that the higher the hydrogen peroxide concentration and the longer the reaction time caused the increase in the carbonyl, carboxyl, and amylose contents, peak viscosity, final viscosity, and baking expansion. Meanwhile, it caused a decrease in setback viscosity, relative crystallinity, and damaged the morphological structure of flour granules. All these characteristics are recommended for bakery product production.
Demand for animal source of food in Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Rianti T S M , Khoiriyah N 
Published: May 2021

AbstractConsumption of protein was often used as an indicator of household welfare. This study analyzed the impact of price andincome changeon demand foranimal food in rural households in Central Java, using the Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System model approach. The research data used data from the National Socio-Economic Survey, totalling13, 872 households. The output appeared that a one percent increase in animal food prices reduced the demand for eggs, chicken, beef, fish, and milk by 0.505%, 1.281%, 4.099%, 3.424%, and 1.915%, respectively. The most elastic animal food group is beef, followed by milk, fish, chicken, and eggs with income elasticities of 3.278%, 2.339%, 2.156%, 1.411%, and 0.556%. All animal food is a luxury item except eggs, which are normal goods. Beef is a substitute for fish, chicken, and eggs, while milk is complementary. The price policy is more effective compared to the income policy for rural Central Java. Rural households in Central Java very responsive to changes in price.
Immunomodulatory Activity of Black Tea Kombucha (Camellia sinensis) and Arabica Coffee Leaves Tea Kombucha (Coffee arabica) for Salmonella typhi-infected mice
Authors: Zubaidah E , Iastika A R , Widyaningsih T D , Febrianto K 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to compare between black tea kombucha, and Arabica coffee leaves tea kombucha on immunomodulatory activity on Salmonella typhi infected mice. The trial animals were divided into two groups; the infected and the non-infected group. Each group consisted of a control group, the black tea kombucha group, and the Arabica leaves tea kombucha group. Both types of tea kombucha increase the adaptive immune response, as shown by an improvement on CD4+, CD8+, CD4+IFNƔ, CD4+TNFα, CD8+ IFNƔ, and CD8+TNFα. It was also suggested that the immunomodulatory activity of black tea kombucha was higher than that of Arabica coffee leaves tea kombucha.
Isolation of thermo-tolerant and ethanol-tolerant yeast from local vegetables and their potential as bioethanol producers
Authors: Nurcholis M , Kurniawan R , Kusnadi J , Maligan J M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Bio-ethanol can be obtained from simple sugars, starch-based biomass, or lignocellulosic biomass through fermentation. Conventional yeast acts as a bioethanol producer but has limited tolerance to temperatures above 40°C and high concentrations of ethanol. Therefore, thermo-tolerant and ethanol-tolerant yeast are required because it has many benefits on high-temperature fermentation in the industry. This research is a descriptive study conducted in three stages. The first stage is to isolate yeast from eggplant, cabbage, potatoes, mustard greens, bitter melon, squash, green beans, kale, and celery. The second stage is to test the temperature and ethanol tolerance from yeast that has been obtained. The third stage is to test the ethanol productivity of the isolated yeasts. The results showed isolates S17c, S17d, S17a, S17b, S09, S12, S13a, S13b, S17e, S18a, and S18b grew at 45°C. While in the ethanol tolerance test found that isolates S17c, S17d, S17b, S17a, S09, S12, S13a, S13b, S18a, and S18b grew on YPG agar supplemented with 15% ethanol content. Isolate S17d has the highest ethanol production with 3.13% ethanol in 24th-hour fermentation.
Effect of maltodextrin addition on the preparation of lipase from Coconut haustorium
Authors: Suloi ANF , Mahendradatta M , Laga A , Suloi AF 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Lipase is a biocatalyst that hydrolyzes esters bonds such as triglycerides to produce free fatty acids and glycerol. Coconut haustorium is an unused source of lipase enzyme. One of the methods in the preparation of the lipase enzyme from coconut haustorium that ready to be used is by a drying process. However, the drying process can damage the structure of the enzyme and decreases its activity. Therefore, the maltodextrin is required to protect the structure of the enzyme during the drying process. This study aims to identify the effect of maltodextrin addition to the lipase enzyme preparation. This study started by shredding coconut haustorium to reduce the size. Then, the maltodextrin at concentrations 0%, 10%, and 20% was added to the coconut haustorium. The mix was then dried using a blower oven with a temperature of 40°C for 9 hours. The parameters tested in the study were protein content, enzyme activity, water content, and yield. The best treatment in the preparation of the enzyme lipase from coconut haustorium was the addition of 20% maltodextrin. This treatment gave the highest activity of 0.438 U/ml, protein content of 7.618 mg/ml, the specific activity of 0.058 u/mg protein, the water content of 18.96% and yield of 26.71%.
Modeling and optimization of catalyst concentration and reaction temperature on yield and calorific value of biodiesel from CPO
Authors: Hendrawan Y , Daisy  , Utami R , Nurseta D Y , Yudho R , Argo B D , Susilo B 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this research, response surface methodology (RSM) has been developed with a central composite design (CCD) model using two input variables i.e. KOH concentration and the reaction temperature, and two responses i.e. biodiesel yield as quantity parameter and calorific value as quality parameter. RSM optimization result showed a parabolic curve with a maximization function with a quadratic mathematical model. Mathematical model that had been given for yield response was Y1 = - 361.75066 + 298.06346X1 + 15.36142X2 + 0.5X1X2 – 159.4X1
2 – 0.14463X2
2, where: Y = Yield response, X1 = KOH concentration (% w/v), X2 = reaction temperature (°C), meanwhile the mathematical model for calorific value response was Y2 = 21534.81810 + 2163.76029 X1 – 487.60022 X2 + 69.11980 X1X2 - 2709.22080 X1
2 + 3.84021X2
2. The optimum solution obtained by RSM was a KOH concentration of 1.08% (w/v) and reaction temperature at 60.11°C. Validation data indicated that the actual value (obtained by experimental result) was similar to that of the prediction value (obtained from RSM). Meanwhile, biodiesel characteristics that had been produced included: viscosity 7.356 cst, water content 5.6%, density 0.864 g/ml, a flashpoint at 135°C, yield 210.90 ml, and calorific value is 9864.834 cal/g.