bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Competing magnetic interactions and magnetocaloric effect in Ho5Sn3
Authors: Mondal Suman , Yadav Pushpendra , Sarkar Anan Bari , Dutta Prabir , Giri Saurav , Agarwal Amit , Majumdar Subham 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The rare-earth intermetallic compound Ho5Sn3 demonstrates fascinating magnetic properties, which include temperature-driven multiple magnetic transitions and field-driven metamagnetism. We address the magnetic character of this exciting compound through a combined experimental and theoretical studies. Ho5Sn3 orders antiferromagnetically below 28 K, and shows further spin reorientation transitions at 16 K and 12 K. We observe a sizable amount of low-temperature magnetocaloric effect (MEC) in Ho5Sn3 with a maximum value of entropy change ΔS = −9.5 J Kg−1 K−1 for an applied field of H = 50 kOe at around 30 K. The field hysteresis is almost zero above 15 K where the MEC is important. Interestingly, ΔS is found to change its sign from positive to negative as the temperature is increased above about 8 K, which can be linked to the multiple spin reorientation transitions. The signature of the metamagnetism is visible in the ΔS versus H plot. The magnetic ground state, obtained from the density functional theory based calculation, is susceptible to the effective Coulomb interaction (U
eff) between electrons. Depending upon the value of U
eff, the ground state can be ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic. The compound shows large relaxation (14% change in magnetisation in 60 min) in the field cooled state with a logarithmic time variation, which may be connected to the competing magnetic correlations observed in our theoretical calculations. The competing magnetic ground states are equally evident from the small value of the paramagnetic Curie–Weiss temperature.
1T MoS2 growth from exfoliated MoS2 nucleation as high rate anode for sodium storage
Authors: Xu Zhanwei , Liu Xinyue , Yao Kai , Ren Yuchuan , Li Jiayin , Shen Xuetao , Li Zhi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Recently, metallic 1T MoS2 has been investigated due to its excellent performance in electrocatalysts, photocatalysts, supercapacitors and secondary batteries. However, there are only a few fabrication methods to synthesize stable 1T MoS2. In this work, exfoliated MoS2 is employed as seed crystals for the nucleation and growth of a stable 1T MoS2 grains by an epitaxial growth strategy. The 1T MoS2 displays a large interlayer spacing around 0.95 nm, excellent hydrophilia and more electrochemically active sites along the basal plane, which contribute an efficient ion/electron transport pathway and structural stability. When employed as the anode material for sodium ion batteries, the 1T MoS2 electrodes can survive 500 full charge/discharge cycles with a minimum capacity loss of 0.40 mAh g−1 cycle−1 tested at a current density of 1.0 A g−1, and the capacity degradation is as low as 0.39 mAh g−1 cycle−1 at a current density of 2.0 A g−1.
Fabrication of Cu(II) oxide-hydroxide nanostructures onto graphene paper by laser and thermal processes for sensitive nano-electrochemical sensing of glucose
Authors: Scandurra Antonino , Censabella Maria , Boscarino Stefano , Condorelli Guglielmo Guido , Grimaldi Maria Grazia , Ruffino Francesco 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Glucose electrochemical sensors based on nanostructures of CuO/Cu(OH)2 onto graphene paper were prepared by thermal (solid) and nanosecond pulsed laser (molten phase) dewetting of a CuO layer 6 nm thin deposited by sputtering. Dewetted systems, obtained without the use of any binder, act as array of nanoelectrodes. Solid state and molten phase dewetting produce nanostructures of copper oxide-hydroxide with different average size, shape and surface composition. Molten phase dewetting originates particles with size below 100 nm, while solid state dewetting produces particles with average size of about 200 nm. Moreover, molten phase dewetting produce drop-shaped nanostructures, conversely nanostructures derived from solid state dewetting are multifaceted. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterization revealed that the surface of nanostructures is formed by a copper(II) species CuO and Cu(OH)2. Shape of anodic branch of the cyclic voltammograms of glucose in alkali solution evidenced a convergent diffusion mechanism. Analytical performances in amperometric mode are as good as or better than other sensors based on copper oxide. Amperometric detection of glucose was done at potential as low as 0.4 V versus saturated calomel electrode by both types of electrodes. Linear range from 50 μM to 10 mM, sensitivity ranging from 7 to 43 μA cm−2 mM−1 and detection limit of 7 μM was obtained. Good analytical performances were obtained by laser dewetted electrodes with a low copper content up to 1.2 by atoms percentage of the surface. Analytical performance of the proposed electrodes is compliant for the determination of glucose both in blood serum, saliva or tear.
RETRACTED: Research on Computer Information Processing Technology from the Perspective of the Big Data Era
Authors: Li Jinmeng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
With the development of China's social economy and science and technology, the computer age is also developing rapidly. Nowadays, the development and progress of society is inseparable from the application of computer network technology. At the same time, the development of Internet technology has enabled us to enter the big data society a long time ago. Information technology not only promotes the development of society, but also computer technology is very important to people's lives, so the number of computer users is very large at present. It is not easy to deal with big data due to its huge quantity, complex form and unstructured characteristics, which often requires analysts to have a high reserve of relevant knowledge such as statistics and computer technology.
Finite propagation enhances Turing patterns in reaction–diffusion networked systems
Authors: Carletti Timoteo , Muolo Riccardo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe hereby develop the theory of Turing instability for reaction–diffusion systems defined on complex networks assuming finite propagation. Extending to networked systems the framework introduced by Cattaneo in the 40s, we remove the unphysical assumption of infinite propagation velocity holding for reaction–diffusion systems, thus allowing to propose a novel view on the fine tuning issue and on existing experiments. We analytically prove that Turing instability, stationary or wave-like, emerges for a much broader set of conditions, e.g., once the activator diffuses faster than the inhibitor or even in the case of inhibitor–inhibitor systems, overcoming thus the classical Turing framework. Analytical results are compared to direct simulations made on the FitzHugh–Nagumo model, extended to the relativistic reaction–diffusion framework with a complex network as substrate for the dynamics.
iNucs: inter-nucleosome interactions
Authors: Oveisi Mehrdad , Shukla Manu , Seymen Nogayhan , Ohno Masae , Taniguchi Yuichi , Nahata Sunil , Loos Remco , Mufti Ghulam J , Allshire Robin C , Dimitrov Stefan , Karimi Mohammad M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Deciphering nucleosome–nucleosome interactions is an important step toward mesoscale description of chromatin organization but computational tools to perform such analyses are not publicly available.

Results
We developed iNucs, a user-friendly and efficient Python-based bioinformatics tool to compute and visualize nucleosome-resolved interactions using standard pairs format input generated from pairtools.

Availabilityand implementation
https://github.com/Karimi-Lab/inucs/.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Profiling PI3K-AKT-MTOR variants in focal brain malformations reveals new insights for diagnostic care
Authors: Pirozzi Filomena , Berkseth Matthew , Shear Rylee , Gonzalez Lorenzo , Timms Andrew E , Sulc Josef , Pao Emily , Oyama Nora , Forzano Francesca , Conti Valerio , Guerrini Renzo , Doherty Emily S , Saitta Sulagna C , Lockwood Christina M , Pritchard Colin C , Dobyns William B , Novotny Edward , Wright Jason N N , Saneto Russell P , Friedman Seth , Hauptman Jason , Ojemann Jeffrey , Kapur Raj P , Mirzaa Ghayda M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Focal malformations of cortical development including focal cortical dysplasia, hemimegalencephaly and megalencephaly, are a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders associated with brain overgrowth, cellular and architectural dysplasia, intractable epilepsy, autism and intellectual disability. Importantly, focal cortical dysplasia is the most common cause of focal intractable paediatric epilepsy. Gain and loss of function variants in the PI3K-AKT-MTOR pathway have been identified in this spectrum, with variable levels of mosaicism and tissue distribution. In this study, we performed deep molecular profiling of common PI3K-AKT-MTOR pathway variants in surgically resected tissues using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR), combined with analysis of key phenotype data. A total of 159 samples, including 124 brain tissue samples, were collected from 58 children with focal malformations of cortical development. We designed an ultra-sensitive and highly targeted molecular diagnostic panel using ddPCR for six mutational hotspots in three PI3K-AKT-MTOR pathway genes, namely PIK3CA (p.E542K, p.E545K, p.H1047R), AKT3 (p.E17K) and MTOR (p.S2215F, p.S2215Y). We quantified the level of mosaicism across all samples and correlated genotypes with key clinical, neuroimaging and histopathological data.
Pathogenic variants were identified in 17 individuals, with an overall molecular solve rate of 29.31%. Variant allele fractions ranged from 0.14 to 22.67% across all mutation-positive samples. Our data show that pathogenic MTOR variants are mostly associated with focal cortical dysplasia, whereas pathogenic PIK3CA variants are more frequent in hemimegalencephaly. Further, the presence of one of these hotspot mutations correlated with earlier onset of epilepsy. However, levels of mosaicism did not correlate with the severity of the cortical malformation by neuroimaging or histopathology. Importantly, we could not identify these mutational hotspots in other types of surgically resected epileptic lesions (e.g. polymicrogyria or mesial temporal sclerosis) suggesting that PI3K-AKT-MTOR mutations are specifically causal in the focal cortical dysplasia-hemimegalencephaly spectrum. Finally, our data suggest that ultra-sensitive molecular profiling of the most common PI3K-AKT-MTOR mutations by targeted sequencing droplet digital polymerase chain reaction is an effective molecular approach for these disorders with a good diagnostic yield when paired with neuroimaging and histopathology.
Determination of B Vitamins by Double-Vortex-Ultrasonic Assisted Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction and Evaluation of their Possible Roles in Susceptibility to COVID−19 Infection: Hybrid Box–Behnken Design and Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Akbari Akbar , Koolivand Zahra , Mohamadi Mohamad Bagher , Zahedi Atefeh , Ghasemnezhad Masoumeh , Sabati Zolfaghar , Chamkouri Narges 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
In this study, double-vortex-ultrasonic assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DVUDLLME) was applied to determine the concentration of vitamin B9, 5-methyl tetrahydrofolate (5-MeTHF) and vitamin B12 in human serum samples.

Methods
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with DVUDLLME was applied to analyze vitamins B in patients with Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Then, significant variables were chosen and optimized using the hybrid Box–Behnken design and genetic algorithm.

Results
The detection limits of DVUDLLME–HPLC were 0.21 ng mL−1, 0.18 ng mL−1 and 55 pgmL−1 for vitamin B9, 5-MeTHF and vitamin B12, respectively. Subsequently, DVUDLLME-HPLC was applied to measure B vitamins and investigated their possible roles in susceptibility to COVID-19 infection. Fifty-seven percent of the patients without an underlying disease have significantly lower serum vitamin B12 levels in comparison to controls.

Conclusions
The advantages of this method are low detection limit, simple preparation, low retention time and the use of a cheaper technique instead of expensive mass detectors. The results suggest that vitamin B12 deficiency may decrease the immune system defenses against COVID-19 patients without an underlying disease and cause the disease to become severe. However, these works need a large population and further research, such as a randomized trial and a cohort study.
Development and internal validation of a Wasp Sting Severity Score to assess severity and indicate blood purification in persons with Asian wasp stings
Authors: Liu Yong , Shu Hongmei , Long Youlin , Nie Xiaoqin , Tang Hongfu , Tu Lang , Zhang Hao , Qiu Gang , He Daihua , Huang Qiang , Zhang Qi , Qing Shuang , Xu Donglin , Xia Hongtao 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

Background
In recent years, the incidence of wasp sting has increased annually in China. Organ damage and high mortality due to mass wasp envenomation remain major challenges. Timely and appropriate medical intervention can improve survival. However, there are currently no normalized tools for early assessment of severity.

Methods
The clinical data of wasp sting patients hospitalized from 2011 to 2019 were used as a training set. Logistic regression was used to explore major risk factors for the development of a severe case of wasp sting (SC). The Wasp Sting Severity Score (WSS) was determined considering these risk factors to identify SCs and was tested in a validation dataset that was prospectively collected in 2020.

Results
The data of 1131 wasp sting patients from 2011 to 2019 were included in the training set. Logistic regression analysis showed that tea-colored urine, number of stings, and lactate dehydrogenase and total bilirubin levels were risk factors for developing an SC. The WSS was developed considering these four risk factors, and the total possible WSS was 20 points. The WSS was tested using the validation dataset, comprising the data of 153 patients, in 2020, and we found that a WSS ≥3 points was an important indication for blood purification, with a sensitivity of 71.9%, specificity of 92.6% and an area under the curve of 0.918 (95% confidence interval 0.873–0.962). Among patients with more than 30 stings, mortality in those who underwent plasma exchange (PE) within 24 h after admission was significantly lower than that in those who did not receive PE treatment (14.3% versus 46.9%, P = 0.003). However, continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) (P = 0.317) and hemoperfusion (HP) (P = 0.869) did not significantly reduce mortality.

Conclusions
Patients with WSS scores ≥3 should be considered for blood purification as early as possible in addition to routine treatment. In addition, PE is better than CVVH and HP at reducing mortality in patients suffering from severe wasp stings.
Sex-Specific Absolute Delta Thresholds for High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T
Authors: Liu Li , Consagra William , Cai Xueya , Mathias Andrew , Worster Andrew , Ma Jinhui , Rock Philip , Kwong Tai , Kavsak Peter A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Sex differences in high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) concentrations from healthy populations have led to the establishment of sex-specific upper reference limits for hs-cTn assays. This study assessed the performance of sex-specific delta (i.e., changes in concentrations) thresholds for the hs-cTnT assay for ruling in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in different emergency department (ED) populations.

Methods
This retrospective study consisted of 2 cohorts (Cohort 1 derivation and Cohort 2 validation). Cohort 1 consisted of 18 056 ED patients who had serial hs-cTnT measured using a 0-h/3-h algorithm at a US medical center, with Cohort 2 consisting of 1137 ED patients with 0-h/3-h sampling at a Canadian medical center. The primary outcome was AMI diagnosis with sex-specific deltas derived based on the Youden index and specificity estimates (i.e., ≥90%) in Cohort 1 and validated in Cohort 2.

Results
In Cohort 1, 42% of all patients had 0-h hs-cTnT above the sex-specific 99th percentile. Males had higher 0-h hs-cTnT (median 17 ng/L) and absolute deltas (median 2 ng/L) than females (0-h median 11 ng/L, P &lt; 0.0001; deltas median 1 ng/L, P &lt; 0.0001) in non-AMI patients but not in patients with AMI. For ruling in AMI, the sex-specific delta thresholds based on 90% specificity (14 ng/L for males, 11 ng/L for females) performed best and resulted in 91% diagnostic accuracy in both males and females. The sex-specific delta thresholds yielding high specificity estimates were confirmed in the validation data set.

Conclusions
Sex-specific absolute delta thresholds can be used to rule in AMI and are robust across different study populations.
Safeguarding Freedom? Liberty Protection Safeguards, Social Justice and the Rule of Law
Authors: Harding Rosie 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The issue of when and how disabled people can be lawfully deprived of their liberty is a major contemporary challenge for mental capacity law. People who lack capacity to consent to treatment that deprives them of their liberty must have access to safeguards to protect their rights under Article 5 ECHR. The current Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards are widely considered to be unfit for purpose, and a replacement scheme, the ‘Liberty Protection Safeguards’ (LPS) were proposed by the Law Commission of England and Wales in 2017. These safeguards were legislated for in 2018/19 in the Mental Capacity (Amendment) Act and are expected to be implemented in 2022. At the time the reforms were being debated in Parliament, multiple stakeholders expressed serious reservations about the proposals, some going so far as to claim that they are not ‘good law’. In this paper, I evaluate to what extent the LPS is (or has the potential to be) ‘good law’, drawing on two contrasting conceptual frameworks to guide that analysis: Bingham’s (2007) sub-principles of the rule of law; and the capabilities approach developed by Sen and Nussbaum (among others). I argue that despite the technical problems with the legislation that caused such concern during its passage through parliament, if the implementation process is grounded in a strong social justice conceptual frame, the LPS has the potential to be a positive legal reform.
Comparing echocardiographic characteristics in genotype positive–phenotype positive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy
Authors: de la Rosa Angelo , Shah Maulin , Shiota Takahiro , Siegel Robert , Rader Florian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aims
There is little information about hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) with pathologic genetic mutations and concurrent hypertension (HTN). Hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) does not exclude an underlying genetic aetiology.

Methods and results
This was a single-centre case–control study of 39 adults with pathologic HCM mutations, confirmed by genetic testing, compared to 39 age- and gender-matched patients with hypertensive LVH. The gene-positive HCM cohort was further stratified by the coexisting presence or absence of HTN. Clinical and echocardiographic characteristics were compared. Of 39 gene-positive HCM, 43.6% (17/39) had concurrent HTN. The gene-positive HCM cohort had larger left atrial (LA) area (22.1 cm2 vs. 18.9 cm2, P = 0.002), more diastolic predominant pulmonary vein flow (38.5% vs. 7.7%, P = 0.001), and more moderate diastolic dysfunction (33.3% vs. 12.8%, P = 0.032) when compared with the hypertensive LVH cohort. Greater left ventricular (LV) mass (277.7 g vs. 207.7 g, P = 0.025), increased frequency of severe LVH (58.8% vs. 27.3%, P = 0.047), and more abnormal global longitudinal strain (GLS) (−14.1% vs. −16.9%, P = 0.049) was observed in the gene-positive HCM cohort with concurrent HTN.

Conclusion
Gene-positive HCM, compared to hypertensive LVH, is characterized by more advanced diastolic dysfunction and larger LA size. Gene-positive HCM patients with concomitant HTN had greater LV mass, more severe LVH, and more abnormal GLS, suggesting HTN may negatively affect the progression of myocardial dysfunction in genetic HCM. LVH out-of-proportion to pressure burden in HTN patients should raise suspicion of underlying genetic HCM.
Segmentectomy versus lobectomy for solid predominant cN0 lung cancer: analysis using visual evaluation of positron emission tomography
Authors: Kagimoto Atsushi , Tsutani Yasuhiro , Mimae Takahiro , Miyata Yoshihiro , Okada Morihito 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Prognosis after segmentectomy for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a high consolidation tumour ratio (CTR) and [18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) accumulation on positron emission tomography/computed tomography is unclear.

METHODS
Participants of this study were 465 patients who underwent lobectomy or segmentectomy for clinical N0 NSCLC presenting solid component predominant tumour (CTR &gt;50%) with a whole size ≤3 cm. Accumulations of FDG on positron emission tomography/computed tomography scans were scored according to the Deauville criteria, a 5-point visual evaluating method (Deauville score). The correlations between Deauville score, prognosis, and procedures were analysed.

RESULTS
Characteristics of pathological invasiveness, such as lymphatic invasion (P &lt; 0.001), vascular invasion (P &lt; 0.001) and pleural invasion (P &lt; 0.001), and non-adenocarcinoma histologies (P &lt; 0.001) were more common in patients with Deauville scores of 3–5. The cumulative incidence of recurrence (CIR) was higher in patients with Deauville scores of 3–5 (P &lt; 0.001). The CIR after lobectomy and segmentectomy did not differ significantly among patients with Deauville scores of 1 or 2 (P = 0.598) or those with Deauville scores of 3–5 (P = 0.322). In the analysis of propensity score matched cohort, the CIR after lobectomy and segmentectomy did not differ significantly between patients with Deauville scores of 1 or 2 and Deauville scores of 3–5.

CONCLUSIONS
Segmentectomy may be feasible for NSCLC with high CTR (&gt;50%) and accumulation of FDG. This finding should be confirmed in larger prospective studies.
The AfCFTA impact on agricultural and food trade: a value added perspective
Authors: Fusacchia Ilaria , Balié Jean , Salvatici Luca 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe African Continental Free Trade Area agreement will create the largest single market in the world in terms of the number of countries and people. We analyse the effects of regional trade liberalisation on production fragmentation and networks using a global computable general equilibrium model adapted to take into account the value-added structure of international trade. This permits the analysis of the impact of trade policies in the presence of global upstream and downstream linkages through a counterfactual analysis. The analysis goes beyond previous studies by focusing on member countries’ agricultural and food integration in regional and global value chains through backward and forward linkages. Our simulation results suggest that the agreement could have a significant impact on trade patterns in terms of value-added structure and extra- or intra-regional destinations. The reduction in trade costs within the region has a higher incidence on agriculture and food backward intra-regional integration than on forward participation, but this pattern varies substantially across countries. We find that the continental agreement translates in more widely spread benefits across sectors if we consider the income generated within each sector (value added) rather than simply accounting for gross exports.