bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stable Dynamical Adaptive Mesh Refinement
Authors: Lundquist Tomas , Nordström Jan , Malan Arnaud 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe consider accurate and stable interpolation procedures for numerical simulations utilizing time dependent adaptive meshes. The interpolation of numerical solution values between meshes is considered as a transmission problem with respect to the underlying semi-discretized equations, and a theoretical framework using inner product preserving operators is developed, which allows for both explicit and implicit implementations. The theory is supplemented with numerical experiments demonstrating practical benefits of the new stable framework. For this purpose, new interpolation operators have been designed to be used with multi-block finite difference schemes involving non-collocated, moving interfaces.
Large Time Convergence of the Non-homogeneous Goldstein-Taylor Equation
Authors: Arnold Anton , Einav Amit , Signorello Beatrice , Wöhrer Tobias 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Goldstein-Taylor equations can be thought of as a simplified version of a BGK system, where the velocity variable is constricted to a discrete set of values. It is intimately related to turbulent fluid motion and the telegrapher’s equation. A detailed understanding of the large time behaviour of the solutions to these equations has been mostly achieved in the case where the relaxation function, measuring the intensity of the relaxation towards equally distributed velocity densities, is constant. The goal of the presented work is to provide a general method to tackle the question of convergence to equilibrium when the relaxation function is not constant, and to do so as quantitatively as possible. In contrast to the usual modal decomposition of the equations, which is natural when the relaxation function is constant, we define a new Lyapunov functional of pseudodifferential nature, one that is motivated by the modal analysis in the constant case, that is able to deal with full spatial dependency of the relaxation function. The approach we develop is robust enough that one can apply it to multi-velocity Goldstein-Taylor models, and achieve explicit rates of convergence. The convergence rate we find, however, is not optimal, as we show by comparing our result to those found in [8].
Multi-taxon conservation in northern forest hot-spots: the role of forest characteristics and spatial scales
Authors: Kärvemo Simon , Jönsson Mari , Hekkala Anne-Maarit , Sjögren Jörgen , Strengbom Joachim 
Published: February 2021

AbstractContextBiodiversity is highly affected by industrial forestry, which leads to the loss and fragmentation of natural habitats. To date, most conservation studies have evaluated associations among a single species group, forest type, or spatial scale.ObjectiveThe objective was to evaluate the richness of multiple species groups across various forest types and characteristics at multiple scales.MethodsWe used the occurrence data for 277 species of conservation interest from 455 stands of high conservation value, including four species groups and four forest types.ResultsLocal, landscape, and regional forest characteristics influenced biodiversity in a non-uniform pattern among species groups and forest types. For example, an increased local spruce basal area in spruce forests was associated with higher vascular plant and bryophyte richness values, whereas macrofungi and lichen richness were positively correlated with deadwood availability, but negatively correlated with the spruce volume in the landscape. Furthermore, landscapes with twice as much mature forest as the average, had more than 50% higher richness values for vascular plants, macrofungi, and lichens.ConclusionAmong sessile species groups in northern forests, a uniform conservation strategy across forest types and scales is suboptimal. A multi-faceted strategy that acknowledges differences among species groups and forest types with tailored measures to promote richness is likely to be more successful. Nevertheless, the single most common measure associated with high richness across the species groups and forest types was mature forest in the landscape, which suggests that increasing old forests in the landscape is a beneficial conservation strategy.
No magic bullet: estimating anti-immigrant sentiment and social desirability bias with the item-count technique
Authors: Rinken S. , Pasadas-del-Amo S. , Rueda M. , Cobo B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractExtant scholarship on attitudes toward immigration and immigrants relies mostly on direct survey items. Thus, little is known about the scope of social desirability bias, and even less about its covariates. In this paper, we use probability-based mixed-modes panel data collected in the Southern Spanish region of Andalusia to estimate anti-immigrant sentiment with both the item-count technique, also known as list experiment, and a direct question. Based on these measures, we gauge the size of social desirability bias, compute predictor models for both estimators of anti-immigrant sentiment, and pinpoint covariates of bias. For most respondent profiles, the item-count technique produces higher estimates of anti-immigrant sentiment than the direct question, suggesting that self-presentational concerns are far more ubiquitous than previously assumed. However, we also find evidence that among people keen to position themselves as all-out xenophiles, social desirability pressures persist in the list-experiment: the full scope of anti-immigrant sentiment remains elusive even in non-obtrusive measurement.
Health-related quality of life and its predictors among adults living with HIV/AIDS and receiving antiretroviral therapy in Pakistan
Authors: Ahmed Ali , Saqlain Muhammad , Bashir Naila , Dujaili Juman , Hashmi Furqan , Mazhar Faizan , Khan Amjad , Jabeen Musarat , Blebil Ali , Awaisu Ahmed 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundHealth-related quality of life (HRQoL) is considered to be the fourth 90 of UNAIDS 90-90-90 target to monitor the effects of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART). ART has significantly increased the life expectancy of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). However, the impact of chronic infection on HRQoL remains unclear, while factors influencing the HRQoL may vary from one country to another. The current study aimed to assess HRQoL and its associated factors among PLWHA receiving ART in Pakistan.MethodsA cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among PLWHA attending an ART centre of a tertiary care hospital in Islamabad, Pakistan. HRQoL was assessed using a validated Urdu version of EuroQol 5 dimensions 3 level (EQ-5D-3L) and its Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS).ResultsOf the 602 patients included in the analyses, 59.5% (n = 358) reported no impairment in self-care, while 63.1% (n = 380) were extremely anxious/depressed. The overall mean EQ-5D utility score and visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS) score were 0.388 (SD: 0.41) and 66.20 (SD: 17.22), respectively. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that the factors significantly associated with HRQoL were: female gender; age  > 50 years; having primary and secondary education;  > 1 year since HIV diagnosis; HIV serostatus AIDS-converted; higher CD 4 T lymphocytes count; detectable viral load; and increased time to ART.ConclusionsThe current findings have shown that PLWHA in Pakistan adherent to ART had a good overall HRQoL, though with significantly higher depression. Some of the factors identified are amenable to institution-based interventions while mitigating depression to enhance the HRQoL of PLWHA in Pakistan. The HRQoL determined in this study could be useful for future economic evaluation studies for ART and in designing future interventions.
On Muzzles and Faces: The Semiotic Limits of Visage and Personhood
Authors: Leone Massimo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe essay investigates the anthropological concept of personhood from the point of view of the dialectics between two fundamental elements of the socio-cultural, linguistic, and semiotic construction of the self-identity of the human species: on the one hand, the human face and, on the other, the non-human muzzle.
After demonstrating that their semantics is contrastively articulated in all Indo-European languages, and after showing that such contrast is featured also in several non-Indo-European languages, including those referring to supposedly alternative “ontologies of nature”, the essay criticizes such opposition through a close reading of Lévinas, Deleuze and Guattari, and Derrida’s philosophical texts on the face and on animality. Ultimately, it proposes that the construction of the animal muzzle as an interface of non-personhood is instrumental to the substitution of the human victim in the sacrifice that establishes the human community. Only through eradicating the primordial stigmatization of the muzzle, however, will a non-violent foundation of human personhood and community be possible.
Use of the VerifyNow point of care assay to assess the pharmacodynamic effects of loading and maintenance dose regimens of prasugrel and ticagrelor
Authors: Angiolillo Dominick J. , Been Latonya , Rubinstein Marc , Martin Michael , Rollini Fabiana , Franchi Francesco 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPrasugrel and ticagrelor are potent oral platelet P2Y12 inhibitors and are recommended over clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Oral platelet P2Y12 inhibitors are characterized by varying degrees of pharmacodynamic response profiles as assessed by a variety of commercially available assays. Because of its ease of use, rapid turnaround times and ability to provide results specific to P2Y12 inhibitory effects, VerifyNow has emerged as one of the most commonly utilized platelet function assays. However, reference ranges with VerifyNow have been reported mainly for clopidogrel and there has not yet been any study specifically conducted to provide the expected on treatment reference ranges following administration of prasugrel and ticagrelor. This was a prospective single center investigation conducted in 120 patients with ACS who were treated with prasugrel or ticagrelor as per standard of care. Patients who underwent percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) were treated with a loading dose of prasugrel (60 mg) or ticagrelor (180 mg), and patients who were on maintenance therapy were taking prasugrel (10 mg qd or 5 mg qd) or ticagrelor (90 mg bid). Platelet function testing was performed using the VerifyNow™ PRUTest™. The overall range of PRUTest values was lower than that observed in studies of patients treated with clopidogrel. The use of a maintenance dose regimen had a wider range of PRUTest values compared to the use of a loading dose for both prasugrel (1–179 vs. 2–128) and ticagrelor (1–196 vs. 1–177). The average PRUTest values in patients on prasugrel and ticagrelor maintenance dosing were 20% and 9% higher those observed in patients treated with a loading dose. PRUTest results following loading dose administration were very similar between drugs, but were 20% higher with prasugrel compared with ticagrelor during maintenance dosing. This study establishes expected PRUTest ranges for patients taking loading and maintenance doses of prasugrel and ticagrelor.Clinical Trial Registrationhttp://www.clinicaltrials.gov Unique Identifier: NCT04492423, registered July 2020 retrospectively registered.
Thermal Effects on Pull-Off Force in the Johnson–Kendall–Roberts Model
Authors: Zhou Yunong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the effects of thermal fluctuations on the generalized Johnson–Kendall–Roberts (JKR) model. We show that the distribution of pull-off forces in this model is similar to that of the Bradley model, and is also consistent with the experiment result observed in Wierez-Kien et al. (Nanotechnology 29(15):155704 2018). Increasing temperature leads to a broadening of the distribution, while leads to a reduction of the pull-off force. Additionally, the pull-off force, which is separated into an athermal term and a thermal-induced reduction term, is measured by using spring velocity ranging over 5 orders of magnitude. We show that for compliant spring, the pull-off force is significantly enhanced with increasing velocity, which is mainly attributed to the contribution of the thermal-induced reduction term, while the athermal term is barely sensitive to changes in velocity.
Current Iodine Nutrition Status and Morbidity of Thyroid Nodules in Mainland China in the Past 20 Years
Authors: Liu Xin , Sun Jian , Fang Wei , Xu Yanguo , Zhu Zizhao , Liu Yazhuo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to comprehensively assess the prevalence of goiter and thyroid nodules (TNs) in relation to China’s iodine nutrition level over the past 20 years and provide an effective reference for developing health policies. PubMed, EMBASE, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chongqing VIP, and Chinese Wan Fang databases were searched for relevant studies from Jan 1996 to Feb 2020. Two reviewers extracted valid data from the eligible citations to determine the morbidity of TNs in different urinary iodine concentrations (UICs) and in patients of different genders, of different ages, who live in different geographic regions, and who live at different altitudes, as well as the P values of interactions between groups. There were 26 articles (34 studies) included in this analysis. The overall morbidity of TNs in mainland China was 23.4%. Morbidity was higher in urban areas (P < 0.001) than in rural and mixed areas. Coastal areas (P < 0.001), female patients (P < 0.001), high-altitude areas (P < 0.001), and residence in south China (P < 0.001) were all associated with higher morbidity of TNs. The lowest morbidity value of TNs, 16%, was in the more-than-adequate iodine subgroup. The highest morbidity, 27.2%, was in the adequate iodine subgroup. The morbidity of TNs increases with age, and women are more likely to have TNs. We also need to perform more epidemiological studies, and in the future, we should cultivate better understanding of the relationship between other thyroid diseases and provide more comprehensive and useful information for other researchers.
Hippocampal TNF-α Signaling Mediates Heroin Withdrawal-Enhanced Fear Learning and Withdrawal-Induced Weight Loss
Authors: Parekh Shveta V. , Paniccia Jacqueline E. , Adams Lydia O. , Lysle Donald T. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThere is significant comorbidity of opioid use disorder (OUD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in clinical populations. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the relationship between chronic opioid use and withdrawal and development of PTSD are poorly understood. Our previous work identified that chronic escalating heroin administration and withdrawal can produce enhanced fear learning, an animal model of hyperarousal, and is associated with an increase in dorsal hippocampal (DH) interleukin-1β (IL-1β). However, other cytokines, such as TNF-α, work synergistically with IL-1β and may have a role in the development of enhanced fear learning. Based on both translational rodent and clinical studies, TNF-α has been implicated in hyperarousal states of PTSD, and has an established role in hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. The first set of experiments tested the hypothesis that chronic heroin administration followed by withdrawal is capable of inducing alterations in DH TNF-α expression. The second set of experiments examined whether DH TNF-α expression is functionally relevant to the development of enhanced fear learning. We identified an increase of TNF-α immunoreactivity and positive cells at 0, 24, and 48 h into withdrawal in the dentate gyrus DH subregion. Interestingly, intra-DH infusions of etanercept (TNF-α inhibitor) 0, 24, and 48 h into heroin withdrawal prevented the development of enhanced fear learning and mitigated withdrawal-induced weight loss. Overall, these findings provide insight into the role of TNF-α in opioid withdrawal and the development of anxiety disorders such as PTSD.
n-Nonane hydroisomerization over hierarchical SAPO-11-based catalysts with sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate as a dispersant
Authors: Wen Cheng-Long , Xu Jun-Dong , Wang Xue-Man , Fan Yu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTo enhance the gasoline octane number, low-octane linear n-alkanes should be converted into their high-octane di-branched isomers via n-alkane hydroisomerization. Therefore, hierarchical SAPO-11-based catalysts are prepared by adding different contents of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS), and they are applied in n-nonane hydroisomerization. When n(SDBS)/n(SiO2) is less than or equal to 0.125, the synthesized hierarchical molecular sieves are all pure SAPO-11, and as the SDBS content increases, the submicron particle size decreases, and the external surface area (ESA) increases. Additionally, these hierarchical SAPO-11 have smaller submicron particles and higher ESA values than conventional SAPO-11. When n(SDBS)/n(SiO2) is greater than 0.125, with increasing SDBS content (n(SDBS)/n(SiO2) = 0.25), the synthesized SAPO-11 contains amorphous materials, which leads to a decline in the ESA; with the further increase in SDBS content (n(SDBS)/n(SiO2) = 0.5), the products are all amorphous materials. These results indicate that in the case of n(SDBS)/n(SiO2) = 0.125, the synthesized SAPO-11 molecular sieve (S–S3) has the most external Brønsted acid centers and the highest ESA of these SAPO-11, and these advantages favor generation of the di-branched isomers in hydrocarbon hydroisomerization. Among these Pt/SAPO-11 catalysts, Pt/S–S3 displays the highest selectivity to entire isomers (83.4%), the highest selectivity to di-branched isomers (28.1%) and the minimum hydrocracking selectivity (15.7%) in n-nonane hydroisomerization.
Wettability alteration and retention of mixed polymer-grafted silica nanoparticles onto oil-wet porous medium
Authors: Daneshmand Hamid , Rezaeinasab Masoud , Asgary Masoud , Karimi Meysam 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEnhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes are applied to recover trapped or residual oil in the reservoir rocks after primary and secondary recovery methods. Changing the wettability of the rock from oil-wet to water-wet is named wettability alteration. It is an important factor for EOR. Due to their unique properties, nanoparticles have gained great attention for improving oil recovery. Despite the promising results, the main challenges of applying nanoparticles are related to the colloidal stability of the nanofluids in the harsh conditions of the reservoirs. In recent years, polymer-grafted nanoparticles have been considered as novel promising materials for EOR. The obtained results showed that adding a hydrophobic agent trimethoxy (propyl) silane on the surface of modified silica nanoparticles with polyethylene glycol methyl ether has an effective role in improving retention and wettability alteration, especially in the oil-wet substrate due to hydrophobic interaction. The modified silica nanoparticle by mixed polyethylene glycol methyl ether (Mn ~ 5000) and trimethoxy (propyl) silane showed a proper performance at a concentration of 1000 ppm and a salinity range of 2000–40,000 ppm. The obtained findings can help for a better understanding of the silica nanofluid modification with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic agents for the EOR application of near-wellbore.
Major Depressive Disorder: Advances in Neuroscience Research and Translational Applications
Authors: Li Zezhi , Ruan Meihua , Chen Jun , Fang Yiru 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD), also referred to as depression, is one of the most common psychiatric disorders with a high economic burden. The etiology of depression is still not clear, but it is generally believed that MDD is a multifactorial disease caused by the interaction of social, psychological, and biological aspects. Therefore, there is no exact pathological theory that can independently explain its pathogenesis, involving genetics, neurobiology, and neuroimaging. At present, there are many treatment measures for patients with depression, including drug therapy, psychotherapy, and neuromodulation technology. In recent years, great progress has been made in the development of new antidepressants, some of which have been applied in the clinic. This article mainly reviews the research progress, pathogenesis, and treatment of MDD.
Homegarden diversity and food security in southern Mexico
Authors: Castañeda-Navarrete Jennifer 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHome gardens are recognised in the literature for their contribution to food security, yet the process by which agrobiodiversity and household characteristics mediate this relationship is less well understood. This paper contributes to fill this research gap by drawing on a multi-site case study in the Yucatán region in Mexico. By applying regression analysis, the significance of the association between home garden diversity and food security is confirmed. Plant diversity is found to have a positive association with food consumption scores and the frequency of vegetable intakes. The number of animals used for food purposes is also found to have positive and significant associations with food consumption scores and frequency of meat intakes. However, the dimension and the significance of these positive associations were found to vary among communities and quantiles of the distribution of food security measures. In the households studied, younger individuals and better-educated people, males and Spanish speakers were more likely to engage in jobs in urban areas. Engagement in urban jobs was found to involve complementarities with the overall plant diversity of home gardens, but also trade-offs with the diversity of vegetables and other herbs used for food purposes and with the abundance of animals raised for food purposes.
Parental Involvement Policies for Minors Seeking Abortion in the Southeast and Quality of Care
Authors: White Kari , Narasimhan Subasri , A. Hartwig Sophie , Carroll Erin , McBrayer Alexandra , Hubbard Samantha , Rebouché Rachel , Kottke Melissa , Hall Kelli Stidham 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Thirty-seven states require minors seeking abortion to involve a parent, either through notification or consent. Little research has examined how implementation of these laws affect service delivery and quality of care for those who involve a parent.

Methods
Between May 2018 and September 2019, in-depth interviews were conducted with 34 staff members involved in scheduling, counseling, and administration at abortion facilities in three Southeastern states. Interviews explored procedures for documenting parental involvement, minors’ and parents’ reactions to requirements, and challenges with implementation and compliance. Both inductive and deductive codes, informed by the Institute of Medicine’s healthcare quality framework, were used in the thematic analysis.

Results
Parental involvement laws adversely affected four quality care domains: efficiency, patient-centeredness, timeliness, and equity. Administrative inefficiencies stemmed from the extensive documentation needed to prove an adult’s relationship to a minor, increasing the time and effort needed to comply with state reporting requirements. If parents were not supportive of their minor’s decision, participants felt they had a duty to intervene to ensure the minor’s decision and needs remained centered. Staff further noted that delays to timely care accumulated as minors navigated parental involvement and other state mandates, pushing some beyond gestational age limits. Lower income families and those with complex familial arrangements had greater difficulty meeting state requirements.

Conclusions
Parental involvement mandates undermine health service delivery and quality for minors seeking abortion services in the Southeast.

Policy Implications
Removing parental involvement requirements would protect minors’ reproductive autonomy and support the provision of equitable, patient-centered healthcare.