bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying uncertainty and dynamical changes in multi‐species fishing mortality rates, catches and biomass by combining state‐space and size‐based multi‐species models
Authors: Spence Michael A. , Thorpe Robert B. , Blackwell Paul G. , Scott Finlay , Southwell Richard , Blanchard Julia L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn marine management, fish stocks are often managed on a stock‐by‐stock basis using single‐species models. Many of these models are based upon statistical techniques and are good at assessing the current state and making short‐term predictions; however, as they do not model interactions between stocks, they lack predictive power on longer timescales. Additionally, there are size‐based multi‐species models that represent key biological processes and consider interactions between stocks such as predation and competition for resources. Due to the complexity of these models, they are difficult to fit to data, and so many size‐based multi‐species models depend upon single‐species models where they exist, or ad hoc assumptions when they do not, for parameters such as annual fishing mortality. In this paper, we demonstrate that by taking a state‐space approach, many of the uncertain parameters can be treated dynamically, allowing us to fit, with quantifiable uncertainty, size‐based multi‐species models directly to data. We demonstrate this by fitting uncertain parameters, including annual fishing mortality, of a size‐based multi‐species model of the Celtic Sea, for species with and without single‐species stock assessments. Consequently, errors in the single‐species models no longer propagate through the multi‐species model and underlying assumptions are more transparent. Building size‐based multi‐species models that are internally consistent, with quantifiable uncertainty, will improve their credibility and utility for management. This may lead to their uptake by being either used to corroborate single‐species models; directly in the advice process to make predictions into the future; or used to provide a new way of managing data‐limited stocks.
Four decades of reef observations illuminate deep‐water grouper hotspots
Authors: Paxton Avery B. , Harter Stacey L. , Ross Steve W. , Schobernd Christina M. , Runde Brendan J. , Rudershausen Paul J. , Johnson Katrina H. , Shertzer Kyle W. , Bacheler Nathan M. , Buckel Jeffrey A. , Kellison G. Todd , Taylor J. Christopher 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFish often aggregate to spawn, feed, rest, or avoid predation. Direct observations of very high counts of large‐bodied grouper on deep shipwrecks, however, do not fit into typical descriptions of spawning‐, resource‐, or predation‐driven aggregations. To investigate whether these observations are rare or part of an underlying pattern, we synthesized four decades (1979–2019) of direct observations of groupers on deep‐water (50–300 m) habitats along the southeastern United States (Cape Hatteras, NC to Cape Canaveral, FL). The direct observations, which included 439 remotely operated vehicle transects, 235 human‐occupied vehicle transects, and 881 hook‐and‐line drops, revealed six hotspots of deep‐water groupers on three shipwrecks, two artificial reefs, and one boulder field. Grouper counts at these hotspots (0.10–5.40 grouper per linear m surveyed) exceeded counts of grouper outside of hotspots (<0.01–0.02 grouper per linear m surveyed) by multiple orders of magnitude. Commonalities among the sites with grouper hotspots included that all are relatively isolated structures surrounded by unconsolidated sediments and located in shelf‐edge to upper‐slope depths. Thus, it appears that these isolated habitats, despite their small spatial footprint, represent a disproportionate abundance of deep‐water groupers. Future research efforts should determine how groupers derive sufficient resources from, and thus co‐occur on, these small habitats and how these aggregations relate to the large‐scale dynamics of these populations.
Unexpected greening in a boreal permafrost peatland undergoing forest loss is partially attributable to tree species turnover
Authors: Dearborn Katherine D. , Baltzer Jennifer L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTime series of vegetation indices derived from satellite imagery are useful in measuring vegetation response to climate warming in remote northern regions. These indices show that productivity is generally declining in the boreal forest, but it is unclear which components of boreal vegetation are driving these trends. We aimed to compare trends in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to forest growth and demographic data taken from a 10 ha mapped plot located in a spruce‐dominated boreal peatland. We used microcores to quantify recent growth trends and tree census data to characterize mortality and recruitment rates of the three dominant tree species. We then compared spatial patterns in growth and demography to patterns in Landsat‐derived maximum NDVI trends (1984–2019) in 78 pixels that fell within the plot. We found that NDVI trends were predominantly positive (i.e., “greening”) in spite of the ongoing loss of black spruce (the dominant species; 80% of stems) from the plot. The magnitude of these trends correlated positively with black spruce growth trends, but was also governed to a large extent by tree mortality and recruitment. Greening trends were weaker (lower slope) in areas with high larch mortality, and high turnover of spruce and birch, but stronger (higher slope) in areas with high larch recruitment. Larch dominance is currently low (~11% of stems), but it is increasing in abundance as permafrost thaw progresses and will likely have a substantial influence on future NDVI trends. Our results emphasize that NDVI trends in boreal peatlands can be positive even when the forest as a whole is in decline, and that the magnitude of trends can be strongly influenced by the demographics of uncommon species.
Assessing the relevant time frame for temperature acclimation of leaf dark respiration: A test with 10 boreal and temperate species
Authors: Reich Peter B. , Stefanski Artur , Rich Roy L. , Sendall Kerrie M. , Wei Xiaorong , Zhao Changming , Hou Jihua , Montgomery Rebecca A. , Bermudez Raimundo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPlants often adjust their leaf mitochondrial (“dark”) respiration (Rd) measured at a standardized temperature such as 20°C (R20) downward after experiencing warmer temperatures and upward after experiencing cooler temperatures. These responses may help leaves maintain advantageous photosynthetic capacity and/or be a response to recent photosynthate accumulation, and can occur within days after a change in thermal regime. It is not clear, however, how the sensitivity and magnitude of this response change over time, or which time period prior to a given measurement best predicts R20. Nor is it known whether nighttime, daytime, or 24‐hour temperatures should be most influential. To address these issues, we used data from 1620 Rd temperature response curves of 10 temperate and boreal tree species in a long–term field experiment in Minnesota, USA to assess how the observed nearly complete acclimation of R20 was related to past temperatures during periods of differing lengths. We hypothesized that R20 would be best related to prior midday temperatures associated with both photosynthetic biochemistry and peak carbon uptake rates that drive carbohydrate accumulation. Inconsistent with this hypothesis, prior night temperatures were the best predictors of R20 for all species. We had also hypothesized that recent (prior 3–10 days) temperatures should best predict R20 because they likely have stronger residual impacts on leaf‐level physiology than periods extending further back in time, whereas a prior 1‐ to 2‐day period might be a span shorter than one to which photosynthetic capacity and Rd adjust. There was little to no support for this idea, as for angiosperms, long time windows (prior 30–60 nights) were the best predictors, while for gymnosperms both near‐term (prior 3–8 nights for pines, prior 10–14 nights for spruce/fir) and longer‐term periods (prior 45 nights) were the best predictors. The importance of nighttime temperatures, the relatively long “time‐averaging” that best explained acclimation, and dual peaks of temporal acclimation responsiveness in some species were all results that were unanticipated.
NGOs working for gender justice with boys and men: Exploring challenges of accountability
Authors: Keddie Amanda 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe gender politics of the present moment are challenging for NGOs working for gender justice with boys and men especially in terms of navigating the different forms of accountability their work is subject to. This paper explores these challenges through concerns expressed by a small group of NGO leaders about issues of accountability. These concerns are theorized within a three‐part model where accountability is conceptualized as (1) imposed, (2) felt, and (3) adaptive. The insights from the leaders highlight particular tensions within and between these different forms of accountability for NGOs working in the space of gender justice and, in particular, how these tensions can support and compromise feminist goals. Amid renewed public commitment to gender justice and greater attention and funding in this space for NGOs working with boys and men, ongoing critical examination of these tensions of accountability is imperative.
Effects of cricket powder on selected physical properties and US consumer perceptions of whole‐wheat snack crackers
Authors: Ardoin Ryan , Marx Brian D. , Boeneke Charles , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon 
Published: March 2021

SummarySuccessful introduction of insect consumption to a reluctant US population requires novel insect‐based foods that are responsive to consumers’ expectations of sensory quality. Based on our ‘product appropriateness’ data, snack crackers were formulated with increasing levels of cricket powder (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) in substitution of whole‐wheat flour. Colour, texture, flavour and overall perceptions of snack crackers were evaluated by 150 US consumers in terms of preference (2‐alternative choice), degree of liking (9‐point scale) and acceptability (yes/no). Flavour liking was most highly correlated with overall liking (r = 0.93). Instrumental analyses indicated that increasing cricket powder resulted in darker and harder crackers, negatively impacting colour and texture preference at 5% and 15% cricket powder addition, respectively. Snack crackers remained acceptable at 15% wheat flour substitution (80% acceptability; mean overall liking = 5.5). However, to promote future consumption, an upper limit of 7.9% cricket powder addition is recommended until sensory quality can be improved.
Evaluation of mannitol and xylitol on the quality of wheat flour and extruded flour products
Authors: Yang Heng , Fu Yang , Zhang Yudong , Zhou Jian , Wang Danfeng , Gao Zhen , Ke Yuan , Lv Qingyun , Ding Beibei , Wang Xuedong 
Published: March 2021

SummaryEffects of polyols (mannitol and xylitol) on physical properties, pasting properties and dynamic rheological properties of wheat flour and the microstructure, water activity (Aw), radial expansion ratio (ER), oil absorption rate (OAR) and texture of extruded flour products were evaluated in this work. The results show that both mannitol and xylitol can promote gluten network formation, enhance tensile resistance and increase the storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G'') of the dough. More dense and uniform particles were also found on the surface of extruded flour products in the presence of polyols by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, the Aw, hardness and chewiness were reduced while the ER and ORA were increased for extruded flour products by incorporation of polyols. Thus, the extruded flour products with improved quality by polyols exhibit great application prospect in food industry.
Biochemical characterization of Bombyx mori α‐N‐acetylgalactosaminidase belonging to the glycoside hydrolase family 31
Authors: Ikegaya M. , Miyazaki T. , Park E. Y. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHorizontal gene transfer is an important evolutionary mechanism not only for bacteria but also for eukaryotes. In the domestic silkworm Bombyx mori, a model species of lepidopteran insects, some enzymes are known to have been acquired by horizontal transfer; however, the enzymatic features of protein BmNag31, belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 31 (GH31) and whose gene was predicted to be transferred from Enterococcus sp. are unknown. In this study, we reveal that the transcription of BmNag31 increases significantly during the prepupal to pupal stage, and decreases in the adult stage. The full‐length BmNag31 and its truncated mutants were heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and characterized. Its catalytic domain exhibits α‐N‐acetylgalactosaminidase activity and the carbohydrate‐binding module family 32 domain shows binding activity towards N‐acetylgalactosamine, similar to the Enterococcus faecalis homolog, EfNag31A. Gel filtration chromatography and blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analyses indicate that BmNag31 forms a hexamer whereas EfNag31A is monomeric. These results provide insights into the function of lepidopteran GH31 α‐N‐acetylgalactosaminidase.
Emerging roles of extracellular vesicles in COVID‐19, a double‐edged sword?
Authors: Xia Xiaohuan , Yuan Ping , Liu Yihan , Wang Yi , Cao Weijun , Zheng Jialin C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe sudden outbreak of SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected disease (COVID‐19), initiated from Wuhan, China, has rapidly grown into a global pandemic. Emerging evidence has implicated extracellular vesicles (EVs), a key intercellular communicator, in the pathogenesis and treatment of COVID‐19. In the pathogenesis of COVID‐19, cells that express ACE2 and CD9 can transfer these viral receptors to other cells via EVs, making recipient cells more susceptible for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Once infected, cells release EVs packaged with viral particles that further facilitate viral spreading and immune evasion, aggravating COVID‐19 and its complications. In contrast, EVs derived from stem cells, especially mesenchymal stromal/stem cells, alleviate severe inflammation (cytokine storm) and repair damaged lung cells in COVID‐19 by delivery of anti‐inflammatory molecules. These therapeutic beneficial EVs can also be engineered into drug delivery platforms or vaccines to fight against COVID‐19. Therefore, EVs from diverse sources exhibit distinct effects in regulating viral infection, immune response, and tissue damage/repair, functioning as a double‐edged sword in COVID‐19. Here, we summarize the recent progress in understanding the pathological roles of EVs in COVID‐19. A comprehensive discussion of the therapeutic effects/potentials of EVs is also provided.
Extending the role of nursing assistants in mental health inpatient settings: A multi‐method study
Authors: Roche Michael A. , Glover Suzanne , Luo Xiaoou , Joyce Mark , Rossiter Chris 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWith continued growth in the demand for nursing care, many organizations have incorporated nursing assistants into the acute care workforce. However, role descriptions are often generic and do not provide clarity in specialist areas such as mental health inpatient settings. Issues have been noted regarding the role of assistants, delegation, and their integration with the nursing team. This study extended an existing set of care activities and explored the perceptions of nursing assistants and registered nurses regarding these activities. A modified Delphi approach added 14 new care activities for nursing assistants. A follow‐up survey found significant differences between nursing assistants and registered nurses regarding utilization of the activities, delegation, teamwork, and role clarity. Future research must incorporate the perspectives of those with lived experience of mental health issues, and develop an understanding of the interactions between nursing assistant care activities and other factors such as local supports, skillmix, and the practice environment, as these may impact how an organization can introduce nursing assistants to specialty areas while maintaining consumer and staff safety.
Heat stress affects floral morphology, silique set and seed quality in chamber and field grown winter canola
Authors: Pokharel Meghnath , Stamm Michael , Hein Nathan T. , Jagadish Krishna S. V. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe impact of heat stress coinciding with reproductive stages in winter canola was studied using walk‐in controlled environment chambers and field‐based tents. Six different cultivars (46W94, Edimax CL, Mercedes, Popular, DKW44‐10 and DKW46‐15) were used in both the experiments following a split‐plot design. Under controlled environment chambers, all six cultivars were exposed to HDT (day/night; 34/15°C), HNT (23/20°C), HDNT (34/20°C) and control (23/15°C) conditions for 14 days coinciding with flowering. Under field conditions, custom built ‘heat tents’ were used to impose heat stress starting seven days after 50% of flowering till maturity. The results demonstrated that HDT and HDNT induced significant impact on floral morphology, extreme levels of floral sterility and complete yield loss with two weeks of stress exposure during flowering. However, biomass, seed weight and oil concentration at maturity were either significantly increased or unchanged which demonstrated significant post‐stress phenotypic plasticity in canola to overcome damage caused by short episode of HDT and HDNT during flowering. The long duration heat stress under field conditions recorded significant decrease in yield parameters and oil concentration in the canola cultivars. Incorporating greater post‐stress phenotypic plasticity will help develop canola as an ideal alternative crop under future climates associated with enhanced frequency of short heat stress episodes coinciding with critical reproductive stages.
A novel relaxor (Bi,Na,Ba)(Ti,Zr)O3 lead‐free ceramic with high energy storage performance
Authors: Bilal Muhammad Kashif , Wang Jian , Bashir Rabia , Liu Huan , Asif Sana Ullah , Xie Jiyang , Hu Wanbiao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEnergy storage ceramic capacitors advance in high power density and working voltage, but challenge in simultaneously large recoverable energy density (Wrec), high energy efficiency (η), and good thermal stability. To achieve this, a novel lead‐free ceramic system (1‐x)(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3‐x(BaZr0.3Ti0.7O3) [(1‐x)BNT‐xBZT] was explored by tailoring the ferroelectric relaxor states. The introduction of BZT gradually promotes the transformation of ferroelectric states into relaxor states at around the room temperature for x = 0.3‐0.5 that presents a pinched P‐E loop. The optimized composition of x = 0.45 possesses a large Wrec of up to 2.6 J/cm3 and ultrahigh ƞ of 94%, with only a small variation (±8%) in Wrec and the high ƞ (90%) over a broad temperature range (−30°C to 180°C), demonstrating the superior performances compared to many existing lead‐free ceramics. The remarkable advantages of the novel BNT‐BZT lead‐free ceramics explored in this study are thus promising for the high‐efficiency and temperature‐stable energy storage capacitor applications.
Flash sintering of cationic conductive ceramics: A way to build multilayer systems
Authors: Lachal Marie , El Khal Hana , Bouvard Didier , Chaix Jean‐Marc , Bouchet Renaud , Steil Marlu Cesar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFlash Sintering (FS), that allows densifying ceramics at low furnace temperature in a few seconds, requires a reversible electrochemical reaction to enable the current flow through the electrode / material interface. For Li+ pure ionic conductors such as Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP), the best material to ensure this fast charge transfer reaction is a mixed Li+/e− conductor, eg, LiCoO2 (LCO). This paper demonstrates the feasibility of FS on LCO between two Pt electrodes and on multi‐layers systems using LCO or LATP+LCO composite as electrodes. It is shown that a composite electrode both allows the flash event to occur and prevents the delamination possibly observed with pure LCO by lowering interfacial stresses.
Design Thinking: Assessing the health needs of college students with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities
Authors: Milroy Jeffrey J. , Oakes Lindsey R. , Hickerson Benjamin D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is a dearth of literature related to well‐being of college students with IDD. The purpose of this study was to use design thinking to identify health‐related innovations for college students with IDD.MethodTwo design thinking events were conducted with participants (n = 16). Subsequent web‐based surveys with a separate group of students with IDD (n = 18) assessed feasibility of each innovation. Collaborative group discussions were used to assess each innovation, and quantitate data were used to assess innovation feasibility.ResultsA total of 16 innovations were constructed: 4 sexual health, dating and relationships, 2 drugs and/or alcohol, 2 exercise and physical activity, 2 socializing, leisure and recreation, 2 food and nutrition and 4 mental health.ConclusionDesign thinking methods are a suitable strategy to use with individuals with IDD and led to the development of innovations with high relevancy and feasibility for college students with IDD.
Trajectories of body mass index and risk of incident hypertension among a normal body mass index population: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Xu Jiahui , Zhang Rui , Guo Rongrong , Wang Yali , Dai Yue , Xie Yanxia , Zheng Jia , Sun Zhaoqing , Xing Liying , Sun Yingxian , Zheng Liqiang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIt is unclear whether there are different body mass index (BMI) trajectories among a population with normal BMI levels, and the association between BMI patterns and incident hypertension is not well characterized. This prospective cohort study includes surveys conducted at baseline and three follow‐ups. 3939 participants who are free of hypertension at baseline or first two follow‐ups were enrolled. At baseline, the age of participants ranged from 35 to 82 years and the mean age was 45.9 years. The BMI trajectories were identified using latent mixture modeling with data from the baseline and first two follow‐ups. The effects of different BMI trajectories on the development of hypertension were analyzed using a Cox proportional hazard model. Four distinct BMI trajectories were identified over the study period (2004‐2010): normal‐stable (n = 1456), normal‐increasing (n = 2159), normal‐fluctuated (n = 166), and normal‐sharp‐increasing (n = 158). Relative to the normal‐stable BMI group, the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) after adjustment for confounding factors of the normal‐increasing, normal‐fluctuated, and normal‐sharp‐increasing groups were 1.244 (1.103‐1.402), 1.331 (1.008‐1.756), and 1.641 (1.257‐2.142), respectively. Additionally, subgroup analysis showed that the normal‐fluctuated BMI trajectory was associated with a significantly higher risk of hypertension only in women (HR = 1.362; 95% CI = 1.151‐1.611). The BMI trajectories were significant predictors of hypertension incidence, and increasing BMI trajectories within the currently designated normal range were associated with an increased hypertension risk, especially in women.