bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arthropod diversity and corn stem borer Ostrinia furnacalis Guenee population in corn endophytes
Authors: Daud I D , Melina Fatahuddin , Hadiwijaya A S , Ardianto  
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Corn (Zea mays L.) is a strategic commodity that plays an important role in the development of agriculture and the Indonesian economy because corn has a multipurpose function that can be used for food and feed purposes. Obstacles in corn cultivation that cause low corn productivity include the attack of plant pests. The use of entomopathogenic fungi as endophytes is an alternative to chemical insecticides but can also be used to decrease the use of fertilizers. The research has been carried out at the Department of Food Crops and Horticulture Agriculture, Bontomarannu District, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi, and the Laboratorium of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University. Observation of larvae population of O. furnacalis was started when the plant was 35 days after planting (DAP) by observing the presence of grinding marks on the leaves and stalks of corn. The larvae found in the field are reared in the laboratory. Arthropod exploration in the field used 4 methods, namely visual observation, pitfall traps, yellow traps and using nets. The results obtained in this study were the arthropods found in the land of endophytic corn using the pitfall trap method, found as many as 48 insects. Using a net, 150 insects were found. Using the yellow trap, 243 insects were found and with visual observation found as many as 95 insects. The number of larvae of O. furnacalis infected with the fungus B. bassiana in corn female parents were 20 with an infection percentage of 83.3% and 11 male parents with an infection percentage of 91.7%.
Entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana as an environmentally friendly alternative for control of brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) and rice black bug (Scotinophara coarctata)
Authors: Kurniawati S , Susilawati P N , Astuti Y , Susanti E Y , Hidayat Y S 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPest was one of the limiting factors for rice production including the presence of brown plant hopper (BP) and Rice Black Bug (RBB). The use of entomopathogen fungi such asBeauveria bassianato control these pests has been reported to be quite effective and has other advantages, namely being friendly to the environment. This study aims to determine the potential ofBeauveria bassianain controlling BP and RBB. The research was conducted in January-July 2018 in Pulo Kencana Village, Pontang District, Serang Regency, Banten Province on irrigated rice fields. The environmental design used was a split plot design withBeauveria bassianaapplication treatment, chemical control based on pest populations with 50% active ingredient propoxur and farmer control technology (pesticide mixture intervals). Each treatment consisted of 2 varieties Mekongga and Inpari 33, with 6 replications. The test of farmers’ preferences forBeauveria bassianaapplication technology was carried out on 30 respondents and then analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the population of BP and RBB was generally lower in the existing chemical treatment of farmers. The pest preference was lower in Inpari 33 variety. Furthermore, the production in theBeauveria bassianaapplication was 12.06-24.48% lower than the existing and controlled chemical control of farmers. Meanwhile, farmers’ preference forBeauveria bassianaapplication is 31.93% and chemical control is 40.76%.
Detection and identification of Aphelenchoides fragariae nematodes on shallot bulbs in Bogor, West Java, Brebes Central Java, and Nganjuk, East Java
Authors: Anindita D C , Supramana  , Giyanto  
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Shallot is one of the most important horticultural commodities in Indonesia. Aphelenchoides fragariae is the major parasitic nematode of shallots and is listed as a quarantine pest with limited distribution. The nematode was detected on shallot bulbs at several traditional markets in Bogor but has not been reported present on shallot plantation. This research aims to detect and identify A. fragariae on shallot bulbs. Shallot bulbs were sampled from Bogor (West Java), Brebes (Central Java), and Nganjuk (East Java). Morphological identification was carried out by following the standard taxonomic for the Aphelenchoides genus (Aphelenchoididae). Morphometric indications were based on de Man’s formula. The result showed that A. fragariae was found on shallot bulbs from Bogor, Brebes, and Nganjuk. Female of A. fragariae has a slender body, and off-set lip characteristic distinguishes it from other nematodes. The stylet was invisible, but the metacorpus (median bulb) was visible and full rounded, Tail elongate conoid with a single mucro. Morphometric: female, n = 20, L = 312.2 – 550.5, a = 20.0 – 33.9, b = 7.0 – 12.0, c = 3.9 – 15.2, V = 34.4 – 84.4, T = 28.8 – 121.3, and stylet 6.8 - 12.0. Male, n = 20, L = 263.6 – 550.5, a = 21.1 – 37.8, b = 7.0 – 14.4, c = 8.4 – 17.1, T = 28.8 – 121.3, and stylet 7.6 -12.5.
The use of endophyte fungal isolates in controlling Fusarium oxysporum, the causal agent of wilt disease on chilli (Capsicum annuum)
Authors: Dewi E , Rosmana A , Kuswinanti T 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Fusarium oxysporum as the causal agent of wilt disease infected systemically on the chili plant (Capsicum annuum) and cause a significant loss on its production. To control the pathogenic fungi, we isolated and identified the beneficial fungi from stem, leaf, and fruit tissues of healthy plants. Then, the work tested fungi capability to inhibit the pathogen in vitro and to enter plant tissues. The results of the work indicated that seven fungi isolates consisting of Trichoderma 1, Trichoderma 2, Aspergillus, Fusarium 1, Fusarium 2, Lasiodiplodia 1, and Lasiodiplodia 2 were identified. Trichoderma and Lasiodiplodia were found from leaf and fruit tissues, whereas Aspergillus and Fusarium were isolated from leaf and stem tissues. The inhibition of F. oxysporum by these seven fungi isolates in vitro about nine days after dual culture was 53.9%, 62.5%, 38.9%, 38,3%, 26.9%, 29,4%, and 34.7%, respectively. Endophyte study with Trichoderma morphospecies 2 showed that the isolate could colonize 84% of the root, 60% of the stem, and 80% of leaf tissues three weeks after inoculation through roots. Therefore, the research results demonstrate the presence of endophytic fungi derived from the chili plant that is potential to control wilt disease in vivo.
Microbial community occupying cocoa branch and petiole with vascular streak dieback disease symptoms
Authors: Junaid M , Haerunnisa M , Amin N 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Vascular Streak Dieback (VSD) disease caused by Ceratobasidium theobromae is the most severe emerging cocoa disease in Southeast Asia. Once the tree is infected, tree defoliation will occur as leaf senescence followed by leaf falls. VSD to have associated with endophytes. However, a fundamental question is whether a similar microbe inhabiting vascular tissue of branch and petiole is entire or patchy? The aim of research was to track and quantify microbial diversity associated with VSD symptoms occupying branches and petiole throughout the stem in different clones. The study focused on VSD symptoms expressing in local (Sulawesi 02), susceptible (RCC 70), and resistant (MCC 02) clones to VSD disease. Sample collection was conducted in Lili Riaja, Soppeng District. The 30 cm-branch with the attached petiole of interest was cut into small pieces 1 cm and transferred into water agar medium before submersion into 2.5% NaOCl for 3 minutes, 70% alcohol for 2 minutes and sterilized water for 1 minute. Morphological characterization followed by microscope check was determined to microbial genera. Eight different fungal communities occupying branch and/or petiole consisted of Cladosporium sp., Fusarium sp., Colletotrichum sp., Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp., Moniliophthora sp., Lasiodiplodia sp., Curvularia sp. and one Oomycete Phytophthora palmivora. Among occupants in branch and petiole, Fusarium sp. and Colletotrichum sp. were the most frequent. Only one Oomycete Phytophthora palmivora occupying clone samples was found. The most diverse microbes were found to associate with Sulawesi 02 and RCC 70 clones, while fewer microbes were detected with MCC 02 clone.
The mortality of green planthoppers Nephotettix virescens (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) by Metarhizium anisopliae Metchn and Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill
Authors: Abdullah T , Aminah S N , Fatahuddin  , Annisaa N W 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The green planthopper Nephotettix virescens Distant (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) is one of the important pests of rice plants in South and Southeast Asia. N. virescens caused damages to rice plants by sucking rice fresh fluid and vector virus of tungro disease. The purpose of research is to determine the effectiveness of two types, entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana, in suppressing the population level of N. virescens on rice plants. The research activities were held at the Laboratory of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, from September 2018 to June 2019. The research used a Factorial, Completely Randomized Design with eight treatments and five replications. Each treatment used ten individual nymphs of N. virescens. The research started from the collection and mass rearing of N. virescens, prepared the rice plants, cultured of M. anisopliae and B. bassiana, application of the entomopathogenic fungi M. anisopliae and B. bassiana. The application of M. anisopliae and B. bassiana on the green planthoppers nymph was showed the average mortality of N. virescens by spraying (89.6%), watering (89.6%), and dipping (89.6%) not significantly. However, the mortality was higher compared to the control (0.50%). Watering treatment used the solution of B. bassiana showed very high average mortality compared dipping used M. anisopliae. The application of M. anisopliae in the spraying and watering treatments showed the average mortality not significantly different compared to the spraying treatment used entomopathogenic B. bassiana.
Host range of Exallomochlus hispidus (Morrison) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Indarwatmi M , Nasution I A , Sasmita H I , Ernawan B , Ratna E S , Sartiami D , Arinana  , Sulaeha  , Maharani Y 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Exallomochlus hispidus (Morrison) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is a polyphagous mealybug with a wide host range. Many of them are fruits that have high economic value and potential export commodities. In addition, E. hispidus is a quarantine pest so that its presence can be an export barrier. The purposive sampling method were used to take plant samples. Host plants were sampled in 4 districts in Bogor, Sukabumi, Purwakarta, and Garut, West Java. Mealybugs and their host plants were put in a paper bag and taken to the laboratory. Adult female mealybugs were prepared microscopically for identification. Results showed that E. hispidus was found on 31 species of 18 families. Most of the hosts were fruit crops 54.84% and at least medicinal plant and weed 3.23%. The major host plants are fruit crops including cocoa, duku, rambutan, sapodilla, soursop, mangosteen and lemon. The part of the plant which is inhabited by E. hispidus mostly is on the fruit and the least on the stem. The results of this study were expected to provide information on the host range of E. hispidus so that it can be prevented from spreading and proper control is taken.
Husker performance on small rice milling unit
Authors: Salim Iqbal , Pramana Diah , Mulyawan  , Munir Ahmad 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The post-harvest process very much determines the quality and quantity of rice. The utilization of agricultural machinery in rice milling is one solution in maintaining rice quality. The most commonly used husker machine is a rubber roll type. This study aims to calculate the efficiency of huskers and the quality of rice. The parameters measured to analyze the efficiency of the milling machine and the quality of rice are the weight of unhulled rice to be milled, the weight of milled rice, and the time for milling the grain to become rice. The results showed that the husker efficiency at 1,237 rpm rotation speed was 46.3%, at 1,354 rpm was 46.7% and at 1,395 rpm was 46.6%. The quality of rice produced at a rotation speed of 1237 rpm, 70.03% whole grains, 3.58% broken grains, 1.51% groats. For 1,354 rpm, the rotation speed is 67.75%, broken grains 5.16%, and groats 2.89%. While at the rotation speed of 1,395 rpm, the percentage of broken grains was 56.26%, broken grains 4.80%, groats 1.27%.
Coffee farming business development: E-commerce technology utilization
Authors: Panggabean Y B S , Arsyad M , Mahyuddin  , Nasaruddin  
Published: July 2021

Abstract
After crude oil, coffee is the most traded commodity in the world From that figure, only about 30% of the world’s coffee is consumed in coffee-producing countries, the rest is exported to consuming countries such as Finland, Norway, the Netherlands, Germany and America. In recent years, total world coffee production has remained relatively constant while demand for coffee has increased significantly. Indonesia produces various types of special Arabica coffee such as Gayo coffee, Java coffee, Toraja coffee, Lintong coffee, Bajawa coffee, and Robusta coffee such as Java Robusta and Robusta Flores. Domestic coffee consumption is low, only around 3.3 million sacks of green green coffee per year. The rest, which is around 7.7 million, or about 70% of its production, both in the form of green beans and roasted coffee, is exported to Germany, USA, Japan and Italy. Of the total exports, around 25-30% are high quality Arabica coffee. E-commerce technology can play an increasingly important role in empowering such a traditional industry of agriculture. The technological underpinnings of e-commerce avail to expand the market channels of agricultural products, realizing the scale and organizational realm of agricultural product circulation, reducing the intermediaries of distribution, and reducing transaction costs. Recent studies have suggested that e-commerce helps firms to increase the information flow of agricultural products, reduce asymmetric information of farm products, and promote the creation of traceability information system for agricultural product chains. E-commerce can be part of developing a conceptual foundation for agricultural studies in the modern era and provide an understanding of the potential positive values of e-commerce.
Selection of several hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes under low nitrogen condition
Authors: Amas A N K , Hardiansyah M Y , Musa Y , Amin A R 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Low soil N nutrient content is a limiting factor in efforts to increase the maize production. Hybrid maize varieties are generally very responsive to fertilization and have high yields in optimal environments in contrast to abiotic stress conditions such as low nitrogen. Therefore, it is necessary to develop hybrid maize with low N tolerance by genotyping at low N fertilization conditions. This research aims to obtain hybrid maize genotypes tolerant to low nitrogen with high production and to determine characters that have high heritability values. The research was carried out in the Experimental Farm of the Cereals Plant Research Institute, Bajeng Subdistrict, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi Province. The research was arranged in a Split Plot Design with the main plot is dose of nitrogen (0 kg N/ha, 100 kg N/ha, 200 kg N/ha) while subplots were hybrid maize genotypes consisted of 12 genotypes and 3 comparative varieties (Nasa 29, Bisi 18, and Jakarin 1). The results show that the hybrid genotype tolerant to low nitrogen with high production were AVLN 83-2 x AVLN 124-9 genotypes in the treatment without nitrogen fertilization and AVLN 83-2 x AVLN 32-8, AVLN 83-2 x AVLN 124-4, AVLN 83-2 x AVLN 124-9, AVLN 83-2 x AVLN 100-1, AVLN 122-2 x AVLN 124-9, AVLN 122-2 x AVLN 100-1, and AVLN 118-7 x AVLN 124-9 at a nitrogen dose of 100 kg N/ha. Characters with high heritability values were peeled cobs weight, cobs diameter, cobs length, 1000 seeds weight, and productivity.
The dynamics of physiological properties of ebony (Diospyros celebica Bakh) based on crown position and altitude
Authors: Paembonan S A , Larekeng S H , Millang S , Meinardus  
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Knowledge of the physiological properties of tree species is one of the basic requirements in determining the prescription silvicultural treatment of stands in nature. This study aims to analyze the physiological characteristics of the species of ebony (Diospyros celebica Bakh), as one of the potential endemic species of Sulawesi, based on leaf position in the crown and differences in altitude. Leaf sampling locations were in the Hasanuddin University Educational Forest (507 m asl) and Makassar city (16 m asl). The research variables consist of number of stomata, size of stomata, leaf stomata index, and leaf chlorophyll content. The results show that the physiological characteristics of the leaves were influenced by their position in the tree crown and differences in altitude. The highest number of stomata was found in the leaves exposed to the sunlights with 52.900 stomata/mm2 compared to 29.800 stomata/mm2 in shaded leaves. Likewise, the highest chlorophyll content was found in leaves exposed to the sunlights of 0.043 mg/L and shaded leaves of 0.034 mg/L. The difference occurs based on differences in altitude as well. The number of stomata in the lower area was 35.733 stomata/mm2, while in the high area was 42.667 stomata/mm2. The chlorophyll content in the low area was 0.038 mg/L and in the high area it was 0.037 mg/L. The higher a place, the more the number of stomata, this is inversely proportional to the size of the stomata and the stomata index, while the number of chlorophylls is not significantly different.
Changes in agronomic tolerance of several genotypes of maize to waterlogging
Authors: Muliadi A , Yustisia  , Nur A , Azrai M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Waterlogging is a major factor in reducing crop yields. To increase plant productivity in temporarily waterlogged soils, the development of waterlogging tolerant lines is needed. This study aims to determine the genotype of maize that is tolerant of waterlogging and morphological characters that can be used for selection criteria. The experiment was carried out in greenhouse of Maros experimental farm. A total of 40 maize genotypes and 2 check varieties, namely MGold and Bima 19, were tested using a randomized block design, 3 replications. Screening was carried out in 2 conditions, namely waterlogged and normal conditions. Based on the waterlogging sensitivity index (WSI), the WSI value was different for each variable. The results of the main component analysis show that the variables that had a major influence on the diversity of tolerance of maize genotypes to waterlogging stress was number of root so that they could be used as character selection in waterlogging stress. Genotypes classified as tolerant are N29/B-2-2, N29/B2-4, B2/N29-5, JH45/B18-3, JH45/B18- 5, B18/JH-45-1, B18/JH-45-2, B18/JH45-4, B18/JH45-5, BM-9/P36-2, BM-9/P36-4, BM- 9/P36-5, and NK7328/HJ28-5.
Effect of the fermentation process using a consortium of probiotic bacteria on the taste of Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica)
Authors: Iqraini D N , Husain D R , Latunra A I , Amalia A , Wardhani R 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The research about the fermentation of coffee Coffea arabica using a consortium of probiotic bacteria has been carried out. This study aims to determine the flavor of arabica coffee C. arabica and its chemical composition after the fermentation process. The fermentation time was divided into 3 times, consists of 24 hours, 36 hours, and 48 hours using a container measuring 10 L, each containing 1.5 kg of coffee and 75 mL of rejuvenated probiotic bacteria cultures. Organoleptic testing was carried out to see the panelists preference for the taste of coffee after fermentation. The results showed that coffee with a fermentation time of 48 hours had the best taste. The GC-MS test results showed several compounds were detected after the fermentation process including furan, phenol, propanoate acid, quinic acid, purine, palmitic acid, pyrol, ascorbic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, amines, piran, purines, aldehydes, vitamin E, benzadrex, hexene, tocophenols and arachidic acid.
Fermentation of Arabica coffee seeds (Coffea arabica) using probiotic bacteria from domestic chickens Gallus domesticus
Authors: Sukriyadi A A , Husain D R , Latunra A I , Iqraini N , Wardhani R 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The research about fermentation of coffee Coffea arabica using a consortium of probiotic bacteria which is a collection from the microbiology laboratory of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Hasanuddin University has been carried out on. This study aims to determine the flavor of arabica coffee C. arabica and its chemical composition after the fermentation process. The length of fermentation time was divided into 2 times, namely 24 hours and 36 hours, fermentation using a consortium of probiotic bacteria that had been rejuvenated on coffee peel media for 2 × 24 hours. Organoleptic testing was carried out to see the panellists preference for the taste, color and aroma of coffee after fermentation. The results showed that coffee with a 24-hour fermentation time with the addition of probiotic bacteria was the most liked by the panellists with the category slightly less acidic taste, slightly black color, and normal aroma. The GC-MS test results showed organic compounds formed after the fermentation process. In the 24-hour control sample there were 14 types of organic compounds, the sample with the addition of a consortium of probiotic bacteria contained 11 types of organic compounds, the 36-hour control sample contained 11 types of organic compounds, and samples with the addition of a consortium of probiotic bacteria contained 13 types of organic compounds.
Development of image-based phenotyping for selection characters of rice adaptability on the seedling salinity screening
Authors: Anshori M F , Farid M , Nasaruddin  , Musa Y , Iswoyo H , Sakinah A I , Arifuddin M , Laraswati A A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Development of adaptability rice under salinity stress needs effective and selective methods in the screening process. The seedling screening method is a general method used in salinity screening. However, this screening method often uses conventional observation in its screening process. This observation is rated that has a high error level. Therefore, the development of a digital approach through image-based phenotyping expected could minimize the error in the adaptability screening. This study was designed with a nested randomized complete group design, where replications were nested in a stressful environment. The environment in this study was normal (0 mM NaCl) and salinity stress (120 mM NaCl). The genotype used consisted of 8 genotypes which were repeated three times. The number of characters observed was nine image-based phenotyping. The results of this study showed that green percentage, the 3rd leaf length, and total area were the selection characters of image-based phenotyping under seedling salinity screening. Besides that, the used adaptability index in salinity screening became a good approach in considered and distinguished tolerance responses among varieties, especially to Pokkali (tolerant control variety) and IR 29 (sensitive control variety). Based on this study, the application of image-based phenotyping recommended in the screening process of line adaptability under salinity stress.