bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is area deprivation associated with greater impacts of COVID-19 in care homes across England? A preliminary analysis of COVID-19 outbreaks and deaths
Authors: Bach-Mortensen Anders Malthe , Degli Esposti Michelle 
Published: February 2021

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted care homes and vulnerable populations, exacerbating existing health inequalities. However, the role of area deprivation in shaping the impacts of COVID-19 in care homes is poorly understood. We examine whether area deprivation is linked to higher rates of COVID-19 outbreaks and deaths among care home residents across upper tier local authorities in England (n=149).MethodsWe constructed a novel dataset from publicly available data. Using negative binomial regression models, we analysed the associations between area deprivation (Income Deprivation Affecting Older People Index (IDAOPI) and Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) extent) as the exposure and COVID-19 outbreaks, COVID-19-related deaths and all-cause deaths among care home residents as three separate outcomes—adjusting for population characteristics (size, age composition, ethnicity).ResultsCOVID-19 outbreaks in care homes did not vary by area deprivation. However, COVID-19-related deaths were more common in the most deprived quartiles of IDAOPI (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 1.23, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.47) and IMD extent (IRR: 1.16, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.34), compared with the least deprived quartiles.DiscussionThese findings suggest that area deprivation is a key risk factor in COVID-19 deaths among care home residents. Future research should look to replicate these results when more complete data become available.
Does the timing and duration of mental health problems during childhood and adolescence matter for labour market participation of young adults?
Authors: de Groot Samira , Veldman Karin , Amick III Benjamin C , Oldehinkel Tineke A J , Arends Iris , Bültmann Ute 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundLittle is known about the timing and duration of mental health problems (MHPs) on young adults’ labour market participation (LMP). This life-course study aims to examine whether and how the timing and duration of MHPs between childhood and young adulthood are associated with LMP in young adulthood.MethodsLogistic regression analyses were performed with data from the Tracking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS), a Dutch prospective cohort study with 15-year follow-up (N=874). Internalising and externalising problems were measured by the Youth/Adult Self-Report at ages 11, 13, 16, 19 and 22. Labour market participation (having a paid job yes/no) was assessed at age 26.ResultsInternalising problems at all ages and externalising problems at age 13, 19 and 22 were associated with an increased risk of not having a paid job (internalising problems ORs ranging from 2.24, 95% CI 1.02 to 4.90 at age 11 to OR 6.58, CI 3.14 to 13.80 at age 22; externalising problems ORs from 2.84, CI 1.11 to 7.27 at age 13 to OR 6.36, CI 2.30 to 17.56 at age 22). Especially a long duration of internalising problems increased the risk of not having a paid job in young adulthood.ConclusionThe duration of MHPs during childhood and adolescence is strongly associated with not having paid work in young adulthood. This emphasises the necessity of applying a life-course perspective when investigating the effect of MHPs on LMP. Early monitoring, mental healthcare and the (early) provision of employment support may improve young adult’s participation in the labour market.
An exact solution of the observable universe in Bianchi V space–time
Authors: Prasad Rajendra , Singh Manvinder , Yadav Anil Kumar , Beesham A. 
Published: February 2021

In this paper we investigate an observable universe in Bianchi type V space–time by taking into account the cosmological constant as the source of energy. We have performed an [Formula: see text] test to obtain the best fit values of the model parameters of the universe in the derived model. We have used two types of data sets, viz: (i) 31 values of the Hubble parameter and (ii) the 1048 Pantheon data set of various supernovae distance moduli and apparent magnitudes. From both the data sets, we have estimated the current values of the Hubble constant, density parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The present value of deceleration parameter of the universe in derived model is obtained as [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in accordance with [Formula: see text] and Pantheon data, respectively. Also we observe that there is a signature flipping in the sign of deceleration parameter from positive to negative and a transition redshift exists. Thus, the universe in the derived model represents a transitioning universe which is in an accelerated phase of expansion at present epoch. We have estimated the current age of the universe [Formula: see text] and present value of the jerk parameter [Formula: see text]. Our obtained values of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are in good agreement with their values estimated by Planck collaborations and WMAP observations.
ELOVL5 Is a Critical and Targetable Fatty Acid Elongase in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Centenera Margaret M. , Scott Julia S. , Machiels Jelle , Nassar Zeyad D. , Miller Deanna C. , Zinonos Irene , Dehairs Jonas , Burvenich Ingrid J.G. , Zadra Giorgia , Chetta Paolo M. , Bango Clyde , Evergren Emma , Ryan Natalie K. , Gillis Joanna L. , Mah Chui Yan , Tieu Terence , Hanson Adrienne R. , Carelli Ryan , Bloch Katarzyna , Panagopoulos Vasilios , Waelkens Etienne , Derua Rita , Williams Elizabeth D. , Evdokiou Andreas , Cifuentes-Rius Anna , Voelcker Nicolas H. , Mills Ian G. , Tilley Wayne D. , Scott Andrew M. , Loda Massimo , Selth Luke A. , Swinnen Johannes V. , Butler Lisa M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

The androgen receptor (AR) is the key oncogenic driver of prostate cancer, and despite implementation of novel AR targeting therapies, outcomes for metastatic disease remain dismal. There is an urgent need to better understand androgen-regulated cellular processes to more effectively target the AR dependence of prostate cancer cells through new therapeutic vulnerabilities. Transcriptomic studies have consistently identified lipid metabolism as a hallmark of enhanced AR signaling in prostate cancer, yet the relationship between AR and the lipidome remains undefined. Using mass spectrometry–based lipidomics, this study reveals increased fatty acyl chain length in phospholipids from prostate cancer cells and patient-derived explants as one of the most striking androgen-regulated changes to lipid metabolism. Potent and direct AR-mediated induction of ELOVL fatty acid elongase 5 (ELOVL5), an enzyme that catalyzes fatty acid elongation, was demonstrated in prostate cancer cells, xenografts, and clinical tumors. Assessment of mRNA and protein in large-scale data sets revealed ELOVL5 as the predominant ELOVL expressed and upregulated in prostate cancer compared with nonmalignant prostate. ELOVL5 depletion markedly altered mitochondrial morphology and function, leading to excess generation of reactive oxygen species and resulting in suppression of prostate cancer cell proliferation, 3D growth, and in vivo tumor growth and metastasis. Supplementation with the monounsaturated fatty acid cis-vaccenic acid, a direct product of ELOVL5 elongation, reversed the oxidative stress and associated cell proliferation and migration effects of ELOVL5 knockdown. Collectively, these results identify lipid elongation as a protumorigenic metabolic pathway in prostate cancer that is androgen-regulated, critical for metastasis, and targetable via ELOVL5.

Significance:
This study identifies phospholipid elongation as a new metabolic target of androgen action that is critical for prostate tumor metastasis.
Familial Evaluation in Idiopathic Ventricular Fibrillation
Authors: Mellor Greg J. , Blom Lennart J. , Groeneveld Sanne A. , Winkel Bo G. , Ensam Bode , Bargehr Johannes , van Rees Bianca , Scrocco Chiara , Krapels Ingrid P.C. , Volders Paul G.A. , Tfelt-Hansen Jacob , Krahn Andrew D. , Hassink Rutger J. , Behr Elijah R. 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Familial cascade screening is well established in patients with heritable cardiac disease and in cases of sudden arrhythmic death syndrome. The clinical benefit of family screening in idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (IVF) is unknown.

Methods:
Patients with IVF were identified from national and institutional registries. All underwent systematic and comprehensive clinical evaluation to exclude identifiable causes of cardiac arrest with a minimum requirement of ECG, cardiac (echocardiogram or magnetic resonance imaging) and coronary imaging, exercise ECG, and sodium channel blocker provocation. Additional investigations including genetic testing were performed at the physician’s discretion. First-degree relatives who were assessed with at least a 12-lead ECG were included in the final cohort. Results of additional investigations, performed at the physician’s discretion, were also recorded. Results were coded as normal, abnormal, or minor findings.

Results:

We identified 201 first-degree relatives of 96 IVF patients. In addition to a 12-lead ECG, echocardiography was performed in 159 (79%) and ≥1 additional investigation in 162 (80%) relatives. An inherited arrhythmia syndrome was diagnosed in 5 (3%) individuals from 4 (4%) families. Two relatives hosted the
DPP6
risk haplotype identified in a single proband, one of whom received a primary prevention implantable cardioverter defibrillator. In 3 separate families, an asymptomatic parent of the IVF proband developed a type 1 Brugada ECG pattern during sodium channel blocker provocation. All were managed with lifestyle measures only. The early repolarization (ER) ECG pattern was present in 16% probands and was more common in relatives in those families than those where the proband did not have early repolarization (25% versus 8%,
P
=0.04).

Conclusions:
The yield of family screening in relatives of IVF probands is low when the proband is comprehensively investigated. The significance of J wave syndromes in relatives and the role for systematic sodium channel blocker provocation are, however, uncertain and require further research.
Ongoing Risk of Ventricular Arrhythmias and All-Cause Mortality at Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Generator Change
Authors: Yuyun Matthew F. , Erqou Sebhat A. , Peralta Adelqui O. , Hoffmeister Peter S. , Yarmohammadi Hirad , Echouffo-Tcheugui Justin B. , Martin David T. , Joseph Jacob , Singh Jagmeet P. 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Uncertainty still surrounds implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) generator change at time of elective replacement indicator, in primary prevention patients with improved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) beyond guideline recommendations or without prior appropriate ICD therapies.

Methods:
We conducted a meta-analysis of studies assessing the risk of appropriate ICD therapies and all-cause mortality after generator change in patients with improved LVEF>35% versus unimproved LVEF≤35% or patients without versus with prior appropriate ICD therapies during the life of their first ICD generator. A systematic electronic search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases until December 31, 2019 was performed. Estimates were combined using random-effects model meta-analyses.

Results:

In 15 studies that included 29 730 patients, 25.3% had LVEF improvement >35% at time of generator change. The pooled annual incidence of appropriate ICD therapies was significantly lower in those with improved LVEF, compared with patients with unimproved LVEF: 4.6% versus 10.7%; risk ratio, 0.50 (95% CI, 0.36–0.68),
P
<0.0001. The pooled rate of all-cause mortality was 6.6% versus 10.9% per year, risk ratio of 0.65 (95% CI, 0.62–0.69),
P
<0.0001. Risk of inappropriate shock was comparable between the 2 groups (
P
=0.750). In 8 studies (N=27 209), the pooled incidence of ventricular arrhythmia was significantly lower in patients without prior ICD therapies (3.9% per annum), compared with those with prior ICD therapies (12.5 % per annum), risk ratio of 0.37 (95% CI, 0.33–0.41),
P
<0.001.

Conclusions:
There was significant reduction in risk of ventricular arrhythmias and mortality in patients with improved versus unimproved LVEF or those who received versus those who did not receive appropriate ICD therapies during the life of their first ICD generator. However, we found a substantial residual outcome risk in these groups of patients.
Illuminating the Development of Precontractual Liability
Authors: Vandenberghe Ann-Sophie , Kovac Mitja 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
By using the tools of comparative law & economics, this article aims to shed a light on the development of precontractual liability. Precontractual liability sensu stricto is about the question to what extent one can be held liable for cost incurred by the other party preliminary to, or during precontractual negotiations, when negotiations fail. Comparative legal analysis has observed that the requirements for establishing a successful claim for precontractual liability are very similar at common law and at civil law despite the very different starting positions from which each legal system’s rules have developed. By finding correspondence between what comparative law has found and what is expected under an efficient legal system, this study provides empirical evidence for the efficiency hypothesis of law.
Response of Monsoon Rainfall to Changes in the Latitude of the Equatorward Coastline of a Zonally Symmetric Continent
Authors: Hui Katrina L. , Bordoni Simona 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRecent studies have shown that the rapid onset of the monsoon can be interpreted as a switch in the tropical circulation, which can occur even in the absence of land–sea contrast, from a dynamical regime controlled by eddy momentum fluxes to a monsoon regime more directly controlled by energetic constraints. Here we investigate how one aspect of continental geometry, that is, the position of the equatorward coastal boundary, influences such transitions. Experiments are conducted with an aquaplanet model with a slab ocean, in which different zonally symmetric continents are prescribed in the Northern Hemisphere poleward from southern boundaries at various latitudes, with “land” having a mixed layer depth two orders of magnitude smaller than ocean. For continents extending to tropical latitudes, the simulated monsoon features a rapid migration of the convergence zone over the continent, similar to what is seen in observed monsoons. For continents with more poleward southern boundaries, the main precipitation zone remains over the ocean, moving gradually into the summer hemisphere. We show that the absence of land at tropical latitudes prevents the rapid displacement into the subtropics of the maximum in lower-level moist static energy and, with it, the establishment of an overturning circulation with a subtropical convergence zone that can transition rapidly into an angular momentum–conserving monsoon regime.
Anomalous insertion of the anterior horn of the medial meniscus combined with anterior horn hypertrophy and a synovial cyst: case report and literature review
Authors: Chen Peng , Huang Pengzhou , Ren Yuxiang , Jiang Guanwei , Zhang Wentao , Zhang Xintao 
Published: February 2021

Objective To gain a greater understanding of anomalous insertions of the anterior horn of the medial meniscus through evaluation of a rare case and a review of the existing literature on medial meniscus malformations. Methods This report describes a 26-year-old man with an anomalous insertion of the anterior horn of the medial meniscus combined with symptomatic hypertrophy of the anterior horn and a synovial cyst. We also conducted a review of the existing literature on medial meniscus malformations using five major scholarly literature databases and search engines. Results The literature review revealed that the incidence of anomalous insertions of the anterior horn of the medial meniscus is 0.5% to 2.8%. Not all patients undergo surgical excision; some are only symptomatically treated. In our patient, the arthroscopic view was consistent with the imaging characteristics. No special operation was performed to treat the anomalous insertion. At the 18-month follow-up, the patient had no symptom recurrence and had returned to practicing sports. Conclusion The pain during hyperextension in our patient was caused by a cyst and anterior horn hypertrophy. If the symptoms in such cases are not caused by the anomalous insertion, no special treatment is needed.
Inpatient Hypercoagulable Work-up in a Community Teaching Hospital: A Preventable Cost with No Added Benefit
Authors: Ackula Haritha , Patil Shekhar , Maradana Sandhya , Syed Masood Pasha , Siddiqui Ahmad Daniyal 
Published: February 2021

Background: Thrombophilia testing in hospitalized patients is often inaccurate and rarely clinically useful especially in acute settings. Testing for inherited thrombophilia is often done in the setting of recurrent unprovoked venous thromboembolism (VTE). Several prospective studies have shown that heritable thrombophilia status is not statistically associated with recurrent VTE. Additionally, such testing may be confounded by ongoing disease or treatment. The cost per thrombophilia panel testing range anywhere between $1100 to $2400 based on estimation of charges billed by a large commercial laboratory. We aim to identify patterns and costs involved in inpatient thrombophilia testing in a community teaching hospital.
Methods: The study was conducted as a part of our quality improvement initiative in a community teaching hospital. We performed a retrospective chart review of patients above the age of 18 years who had a clinically and radiologically confirmed diagnosis of venous thromboembolism during the year of 2016 and performed descriptive analysis. Institutional IRB was obtained and data was collected by reviewing the electronic medical records .
Results: A total of 395 patients with the diagnosis of VTE were included (mean age 68.5, 54.2% female). At least one thrombophilia test was ordered in 66 of the 395 patients (16.7%). Around 38 (9.6%) patients were already on anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation/flutter, deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) among whom 5/38 (13.2%) patients underwent thrombophilia testing. Number of patients with a prior history of DVT or PE or both were 67/395(20%). Out of these, 26/67 (38.8%) patients were on anticoagulation and 14/67 (20.9%)patients underwent thrombophilia testing during their hospital stay. Only 11/395 (2.8%) patients had a family history of DVT/PE among whom 4 were tested. The approximate cost of the testing was $132,000 considering roughly $2000 per test on an average for a total of 66 tests.
Discussion: Thrombophilia testing in hospitalized patients adds little if at all any value to their acute management. However, it does add a significant unnecessary avoidable cost to the hospital. Although inpatient thrombophilia testing is not supported by current guidelines for inherited thrombophilia evaluation, the testing is often done in hospitalized patients with recurrent thromboembolism. Learning the pattern of thrombophilia testing in hospitalized patients will help us implement measures to prevent unnecessary testing and the significant costs associated with it.
Conclusion: With the increasing emphasis on value-based health care, thrombophilia testing should be considered only if it affects overall patient management and preferably in an outpatient setting with appropriate indications.

Disclosures
No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Intensity of End of Life Care for Hematologic Malignancy Patients in Western Washington, United States and Alberta, Canada
Authors: Khaki Ali Raza , Xu Yuan , Chennupati Shasank R , Ramsey Scott D , Fedorenko Catherine , Shankaran Veena , Cowan Andrew J. , Cheung Winson Y 
Published: February 2021

Background: Aggressive care at the end of life (EOL) leads to unnecessary suffering and healthcare costs for patients with cancer. We have previously shown that among patients with solid tumor malignancies, EOL utilization of chemotherapy, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and &gt;1 emergency department (ED) visits are higher in Washington State vs Alberta (AB). In this study, we use cancer registry and claims data to compare EOL care among patients with hematological malignancies between western Washington (WW) and AB.
Methods: Adult patients with hematological malignancies diagnosed between 2007 and 2017 who died before December 31, 2018 were identified from regional population-based cancer registries in WW and AB. Data sources were 1) WW Cancer Surveillance System (a regional SEER registry) with data from 13 counties linked to enrollment files and claims from four regional insurers and 2) Canada National Ambulatory Care Reporting System, Discharge Abstracts Database, and chemotherapy records from AB Health Services. Proportions of patients receiving chemotherapy, ICU admission, or &gt;1 ED visit in the last 30 days of life (DOL) in WW and AB were determined among all patients and those ≥65 years and compared using two sample z-test with two-tailed hypothesis (α=0.006 after Bonferroni correction).
Results: 7859 AB and 3767 WW patients met study inclusion criteria. Median age was 76 (IQR 66-83) and 79 (IQR 71-86) for AB and WW, respectively; 78% and 85% were over age 65, 33% and 59% with ≥2 Charlson Comorbidity Score. Cancer distribution was 33% (AB) and 54% (WW) non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 14% (AB) and 20% (WW) myeloma and 27% (AB) and 19% (AB) leukemia. Table 1 shows utilization of chemotherapy, &gt;1 ED visits and ICU admissions in AB and WW for all patients and Table 2 in those ≥65 years. More patients in WW vs AB were treated with chemotherapy (21% WW vs 7% AB) and admitted to ICU (34% WW vs 9% AB) in the last 30 DOL, whereas multiple ED visits were more similar between WW and AB (17% vs 19%, respectively). Similarly, among patients ≥65 years, chemotherapy use and ICU admissions were higher in WW. The same was true for patients in the last 60 and 90 DOL.
Conclusions: Similar to what was noted in solid tumor patients, intensity of healthcare use at EOL is greater in WW vs AB for patients with hematological malignancies. However, ≥1 ED visits were similar between populations. Further work is needed to understand drivers of high intensity healthcare use and identify interventions to minimize low value care at EOL.

Disclosures
Khaki: Merck: Other: share/stockholder; Pfizer: Other: share/stockholder. Ramsey:AstraZeneca: Other: Personal Fees. Cowan:Janssen: Consultancy, Research Funding; Abbvie: Research Funding; Cellectar: Consultancy; Sanofi: Consultancy; Bristol Myers Squibb: Research Funding.