bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De novo and comparative transcriptomic analysis explain morphological differences in Panax notoginseng taproots
Authors: Yang Lifang , Wang Hanye , Wang Panpan , Gao Mingju , Huang Luqi , Cui Xiuming , Liu Yuan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen (PN) belonging to the genus Panax of family Araliaceae is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat various diseases. PN taproot, as the most vital organ for the accumulation of bioactive components, presents a variable morphology (oval or long), even within the same environment. However, no related studies have yet explained the molecular mechanism of phenotypic differences. To investigate the cause of differences in the taproot phenotype, de novo and comparative transcriptomic analysis on PN taproot was performed. Results: A total of 133,730,886 and 114,761,595 paired-end clean reads were obtained based on high-throughput sequencing from oval and long taproot samples, respectively. 121,955 unigenes with contig N50 = 1,774 bp were generated by using the de novo assembly transcriptome. The annotation results showed 38,313 BLASTX hits and 24,820 BLASTP hits. KEGG analysis identified 52 genes encoding class III peroxidase (PRX) family members, 13 genes encoding L-Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) family members, and 99 genes encoding a series of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family members. Differentially expressed genes analysis indicated substantial upregulation of genes encoding APX3 and PRX45 enzymes, which are related to reactive oxygen species metabolism, and the MPK3 enzyme, which is related to cell proliferation and plant root development, in long taproots compared with that in oval taproots. Furthermore, the determination results of real-time quantitative PCR, enzyme activity, and H2O2 content verified transcriptomic analysis results. Conclusion: These results collectively demonstrate that reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism and the MPK3 enzyme may play vital roles in regulating the taproot phenotype of PN. This study provides further insights into the genetic mechanisms of phenotypic differences in other species of the genus Panax.
Identifying Key Features of Telepresence Robot Systems in Intensive Care Units: a Scoping Review Protocol
Authors: Avilés Héctor , Hernández-Méndez Sergio , Vargas-Martinez Héctor Simón , Negrete-Villanueva Marco Antonio , de Anda Gilberto Felipe Vázquez 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: The progress of robotics in the last decades and the current Covid-19 outbreak have contributed to an increasing interest in integrating telepresence robot systems into healthcare. However, it is still needed to better understand how robotic features contribute to medical practice and to the wellness of patients. Hence, we propose a scoping review to spot features of telepresence robot systems that impact the fulfillment of goals in health care for patients in intensive care units. Methods and analysis: Our review will be guided by Arksey and O'Malley’s framework and the revisions by Levac et al., and Peters et al. We will search in 18 scientific databases specialized on either medicine or digital technology, plus another 5 online sources of grey literature. We will consider documents dated between 2000 and 2021, in English and Spanish, and we will perform a quantitative analysis and a thematic synthesis of the papers included in this study.Discussion: This work will help to recognize characteristics, components and capabilities of telepresence robots that are relevant in medical practice, to guide new research and development avenues and boost cooperation between health providers and roboticists. Results will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal and included in promotional activities of our universities. This study does not require ethics review, however, we will be very attentive to feedback from patients, caregivers, health providers and decision makers involved in this scoping review. OSF Registration: DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/S3FHR (Submitted on October 4, 2021)
Incidence, Outcome And Risk Factors of Postoperative Delirium Subtypes, A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Qian , Guo Jingfei , Shi Jia 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective: Systematic review and meta-analysis methodology was used to estimate the pooled incidence, outcome, risk factors of postoperative delirium, including three delirium subtypes: hyperactive delirium, hypoactive delirium, mixed delirium.Methonds: This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses(PRISMA) guideline. MEDLINE、EMBASE、CENTRAL were searched for relevant studies. Thirty-two studies from 2714 searched results with 9049 patients were enrolled in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Inclusion criteria were:1) elective surgery population;2) the incidence of delirium subtypes was recorded ;3) cohort studies.;4) language restricted to English. In addition, studies that were randomized control trials (RCT), case reports, or uncertainty in the incidence of delirium subtypes were excluded. The related information was extracted by two reviewers independently.All the analyses were conducted by the STATA (Version 16.0; Stata Corporation, College Station, TX).Result: The study we have performed showed that the highest incidence of postoperative delirium was hypoactive (14%[95%CI,12-16%]), followed by hyperactive (12%[95%CI,10-14%]), and the lowest was mixed delirium(9%[95%CI,7-11%]).Conclusion : The highest incidence of postoperative delirium was hypoactive (14%[95%CI,12-16%]), followed by hyperactive (12%[95%CI,10-14%]), and the lowest was mixed delirium(9%[95%CI,7-11%]). Therefore, it is definitely necessary to update and unify the diagnosis of delirium subtypes based on current tremendous clinical research, thus controlling and adjusting the risk factors of subtypes to reduce the incidence of postoperative delirium and improve patients' prognoses.
Convenience, usability and complications of rechargeable extracorporeal pulse generators for wireless spinal cord stimulation: A questionnaire-based, patient-centric study
Authors: Hajiabadi Mohammad Mehdi , Jakobs Martin , Vicheva Petya , Unterberg Andreas , Ahmadi Rezvan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
IntroductionSpinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been utilized for more than 50 years to treat refractory neuropathic pain. Currently, SCS systems with fully implantable pulse generators (IPGs) represent the standard. New wireless extracorporeal SCS (wSCS) devices without IPGs promise higher levels of comfort and convenience for patients. However, to date there are no studies on how charging and using this wSCS system affects patients and their therapy. This study is the first questionnaire-based survey on this topic focusing on patient experience.Material & MethodsStandardized questionnaires were sent to all patients with a wSCS device in use at the time of trial. The primary endpoint was the convenience of the charging and wearing process scored on an ordinal scale from "very hard" (1) to "very easy" (5). Secondary endpoints included time needed for charging, the duration of stimulation per day and complication rates.ResultsQuestionnaires of 6 patients were returned and eligible for data analysis. The mean age of patients was 61.3 ± 6.7 (± SD) years. The duration of therapy was 20.3 ± 15.9 months (mean ± SD). The mean duration of daily stimulation was 17 ± 5.9 hours (mean ± SD). n=5 patients rated the overall convenience as "easy" (4) and evaluated the effort of the charging process and wearing of the wSCS device as "low" (4). n=5 patients considered the wearing and charging process as an active participation in their (personal) therapy. n=5 patients would choose an extracorporeal device again over a conventional SCS system. Early or late surgical complications did not occur in this patient collective.ConclusionOverall, patients felt confident using extracorporeal wSCS devices without any complications. Effort to maintain therapy with this system was rated as low. The results of this pilot study need to be verified with a larger cohort in a prospective trial.
Study on Electromagnetic Radiation Interference Caused by Rocket Fuel
Authors: Cui Yuanbo , Kong Deren , Jiang Jian , Gao Shang , Wang Shuai 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
During the launch and return of a spacecraft, the intense combustion of propellants generates strong electromagnetic radiation, which interferes with the operation of electronic equipment in the spacecraft. To improve the electromagnetic compatibility of electronic equipment in spacecraft, it is necessary to study the electromagnetic radiation characteristics of rocket fuel. An electromagnetic radiation measurement system based on antennas is designed to measure the electromagnetic radiation generated by rocket fuel, and the electromagnetic radiation characteristics are obtained through data analysis. The mechanism of the electromagnetic radiation generated by rocket fuel is comprehensively analysed through the spatial, time-domain, frequency-domain, and energy-domain characteristics. A characterization model is established to provide a reliable scheme for evaluating the influence of rocket fuel electromagnetic radiation on electronic equipment in spacecraft.
Achieving Submicrometer Spatial Resolution for Neutron Imaging With Nuclear Emulsion
Authors: Muneem Abdul , Yoshida Junya , Ekawa Hiroyuki , Hino Masahiro , Hirota Katsuya , Ichikawa Go , Kasagi Ayumi , Kitaguchi Masaaki , Muto Naoto , Mishima Kenji , Nabi Jameel , Nakagawa Manami , Naganawa Naotaka , Saito Takehiko 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Neutron imaging is a non-destructive inspection technique with a wide range of potential applications. One of the key technical interests concerning neutron imaging is to achieve micrometer-scale spatial resolution. However, developing a neutron detector with a high spatial resolution is a challenging task. Recent efforts are focused on achieving this milestone or even submicrometer spatial resolution. Herein, we introduce our technique for neutron imaging using a fine-grained nuclear emulsion and evaluate the spatial resolution. We used the fine-grained nuclear emulsion with a gadolinium-based Siemens star test pattern and a grating with a periodic structure of 9 μm. The deduced value of the spatial resolution is less than 1 μm using the developed technique. To the best of our knowledge, the submicrometer spatial resolution that we achieved using our method is the best among all reported neutron imaging devices.
Diversity of Prokaryotic Microorganisms in Alkaline Saline Soil of the Qarhan Salt Lake Area in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Authors: Wang Yaqiong , Bao Guoyuan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Microbial metabolism is the driving force for biogeochemical cycles in the biosphere. The composition of microbial communities varies greatly in various ecological environments, particularly in extreme environments where animals and plants cannot survive. Unique microorganisms are often used as indicators to reflect environmental conditions, but the ecological reasons for the differences in microbial communities are still largely unknown. Here, we analyzed taxonomic and functional community profiles via high-throughput sequencing to determine the alkaline saline soil bacterial and archaeal communities in the Qarhan Salt Lake area in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The results showed that Betaproteobacteria (Proteobacteria) and Halobacteria (Euryarchaeota) were most abundant in the soils of this area, which are most common in high salinity environments. Accordingly, microorganisms in this area that can adapt to local extremes often have functions such as chemoheterotrophy, aerobic chemoheterotrophy, nitrogen fixation, ureolysis, nitrate reduction, fermentation, methanogenesis, hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis, methanogenesis by CO2 reduction with H2, methanogenesis using formate, and dark hydrogen oxidation. There is no doubt that prokaryotic microorganisms in high salinity environments play an irreplaceable role in nitrogen and carbon cycling through special metabolic pathways.
Synthesis, Antifungal Activity and Molecular Dynamics Study of Novel Aromatic Geranyl Sulfonamide Compounds as Potential Complex III Inhibitors
Authors: Song Xinning , Li Jianing , Lu Xingxing , Jiang Zhiyang , Han Qing , Zhu Kai , Li Huilin , Ling Yun , Duan Hongxia 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Essential oils (EOs), as unique natural products, are promising resources for the discovery of green agrochemicals. Geraniol was found to exhibit substantial fungicidal activities within citronella oil in this study. A series of novel geranyl benzenesulfonamide compounds were synthesized and found to display considerable fungicidal activities. Some aromatic geranyl sulfonamide derivatives were further optimized and then evaluated the bioactivities against six phytopathogenic fungi. Geranyl thiofuran-sulfonamide compounds 4d-1 (median effective concentration (EC50) against Rhizoctonia solani: 24.97 mg/L and EC50 against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum: 27.26 mg/L), 4d-2 (EC50 against S. sclerotiorum: 18.53 mg/L) and Geranyl pyridine-sulfonamide compound 4e-2 (EC50 against R. solani: 29.31 mg/L and EC50 against S. sclerotiorum: 29.98 mg/L) were screened as “star molecules” with highly efficient fungicidal activities. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) study revealed that the electron-rich thiofuran ring and chlorine-substituted piperidine played remarkable roles on increasing the fungicidal activities. The molecular mechanisms of the “star molecules” were also clarified by performing molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and these geranyl sulfonamide compounds were identified as potential Complex III inhibitors. The main component originating from the natural plant EOs ought to be studied to discover novel pathogenic fungicidal candidates used to control agricultural plant diseases.
A Refined, Controlled 16S RRNA Gene Sequencing Approach Reveals Limited Detection of Cerebrospinal Fluid Microbiota in Children with Bacterial Meningitis
Authors: Pope Christopher E. , Whitlock Kathryn B. , Hodor Paul , Limbrick David L. , McDonald Patrick J. , Hauptman Jason , Hoffman Lucas R. , Simon Tamara 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background:Advances inboth laboratory and computational components of high-throughput 16S amplicon sequencing (16S HTS) have markedly increased its sensitivity and specificity. Additionally, these refinements have better delineated the limits of sensitivity, and contributions of contamination to these limits, for 16S HTS that are particularly relevant for samples with low bacterial loads such as human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The objectives of this work were to (1) optimize the performance of 16S HTS in CSFsamples with low bacterial loads by defining and addressing potential sources of error; and (2) perform refined16S HTS on CSF samples from children diagnosed with bacterial meningitis and compare results with those from microbiological cultures.Results:Several bench and computational approaches were taken to address potential sources of error for low bacterial load samples. We compared DNA yields and sequencing results after applying three different DNA extraction approaches to an artificially-constructed (“mock”) bacterial community. We also comparedtwo post-sequencing computational contaminant removal strategies, decontam R and full contaminant sequence removal. All three extraction techniques followed by decontam R yielded similar results for the mock community.We then applied these methods to 22 CSF samples from children diagnosed with meningitis, which has low bacterial loads relative to other clinical infection samples. The refined 16S HTS pipelines identified the cultured bacterial genus as the dominant organism for only 3 of these samples.Conclusions:We found that all three DNA extraction techniques followed by decontam R generated similar DNA yields for mock communities at the low bacterial loads representative of CSF samples. However, the limits of detection imposed by reagent contaminants and methodologic bias precluded the accurate detection of bacteria in CSF from children with culture-confirmed meningitis using these approaches despite rigorous controls and sophisticated computational approaches. Although we did not find current DNA-based diagnostics to be useful for pediatric meningitis samples, the utility of these methods for CSF shunt infection remains undefined. Future advances in sample processing methods to minimize or eliminate contamination will be required to improve the sensitivity and specificity of these methods for pediatric meningitis.
Implementation of Buprenorphine Services in NYC Syringe Services Programs: a qualitative process evaluation
Authors: Jakubowski Andrea , Rath Caroline , Harocopos Alex , Wright Monique , Welch Alice , Kattan Jessica , Behrends Czarina Navos , Lopez-Castro Teresa , Fox Aaron D. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

Syringe services programs (SSPs) hold promise for providing buprenorphine treatment access to people with opioid use disorder (OUD) who are reluctant to seek care elsewhere. In 2017, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) provided funding and technical assistance to nine SSPs to develop “low-threshold” buprenorphine services as part of a multipronged initiative to lower opioid-related overdose rates. The aims of this study were to 1) Describe characteristics of SSP-based buprenorphine services; and 2) Identify barriers to and facilitators of implementing SSP-based buprenorphine services.
Methods

We conducted 26 semi-structured qualitative interviews from April 2019 - November 2019 at eight SSPs in NYC that received funding and technical assistance from DOHMH. Interviews were conducted with three categories of staff: leadership (8 interviews); staff (11), and providers (6). We used thematic analysis to identify themes within pre-identified domains: program characteristics and barriers and facilitators to program implementation. We make recommendations for implementation based on our findings.
Results

Programs differed in their stage of development, location of services provided, and provider type, availability, and practices. Barriers to providing buprenorphine services at SSPs included gaps in staff knowledge and comfort communicating with participants about buprenorphine, difficulty hiring providers, managing tension between harm reduction and traditional OUD treatment philosophies, and financial constraints. Challenges also arose from serving a population with unmet psychosocial needs. Implementation facilitators included technical assistance from DOHMH, designated buprenorphine coordinators, offering other supportive services to participants, and telehealth to bridge gaps in provider availability. Key recommendations include: 1) health departments should provide support for SSPs in training staff, building health service infrastructure and developing policies and procedures, 2) SSPs should designate a buprenorphine coordinator and ensure regular training on buprenorphine for their frontline staff, and 3) providers should be selected or supported to use a harm reduction approach to buprenorphine treatment.
Conclusions

Despite encountering challenges, eight SSPs implemented buprenorphine services outside of conventional OUD treatment settings. Our findings have implications for health departments, SSPs, and other community organizations implementing buprenorphine services. Expansion of low-threshold buprenorphine services is a promising strategy to address the opioid overdose epidemic.
Association Between Moderate Physical Activity Level and Subsequent Frailty Incidence Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Zhao Wenjing , Ukawa Shigekazu , Sasaki Sachiko , Okada Emiko , Kishi Tomoko , Kondo Kastunori , Tamakoshi Akiko 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

The evidence concerning longitudinal association between physical activity (PA) and frailty is scarce, and variation in the scales, tools, or modules of PA made it challenging to obtain consistent results. This association among the individules who reached an older age where age-related cumulative chronic diseases and physical function declines were common, was unclear. Our study aimed to demonstrate the association between PA and frailty incidence among Japanese community-dwelling older adults with narrow age range of 70–74 years.
Mothods:

About 485 participants aged 70–74 years from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study were included in this study. Frailty was assessed at baseline and 3 years later by using the Kaigo-Yobo Checklist. PA was assessed using the short-term International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Logistic regression was performed to calculate relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) after adjusting for potential confounders.
Results

After a 3-year follow-up, 46 new frailty cases were recorded. The association of frailty incidence with both PA volume and daily walking time presented a U-shaped curve, albeit statistically insignificant. After adjusting for potential confounders, walking for 0.5–1 h/d displayed a greater association with decreased frailty risk (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.12–0.98) than higher levels of daily walking time. No association between PA volume and subsequent frailty was observed.
Conclusions

Incorporating moderate regular walking levels of 0.5–1 h/d in older adults may delay the onset of frailty and improve the aging process. Further studies are needed to investigate the effect of higher PA levels on frailty risk.
Numerical Simulation of The Response of An Underground Pipeline Connector With a Super-Large Section Under Complex Geological Conditions
Authors: Ma Long , Ai Ping , Xiong ChuanSheng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Aiming at the low simulation accuracy of the numerical simulation method of the joint response of the super-large section underground comprehensive pipeline gallery under the current complicated geological conditions, a numerical simulation method of the joint response of the super-large section underground comprehensive pipe gallery joint response under the complicated geological conditions based on the finite element model was proposed. According to the analysis process for the super-large section underground comprehensive pipe gallery, the viscous boundary of the comprehensive pipe gallery is determined. Additionally, by analyzing soil and structural parameters, the optimal combined dynamic boundary is used as the model boundary. The HSS model is used to describe the constitutive structure of the soil, and by improving the Goodman element to describe the contact surface of the model, the finite element model of the joint response of the comprehensive pipe gallery is constructed. Furthermore, based on the internal force balance and deformation coordination conditions, considering the influence of the deformation shape of the joint joints and the elongation of the prestressed tendons on the finite element model, the response model of the integrated pipe gallery joint is optimized. Experimental results show that the proposed method has higher numerical simulation accuracy.