bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent progress and future perspectives for the development of micro-supercapacitors for portable/wearable electronics applications
Authors: Rani Shalu , Kumar Nagesh , Sharma Yogesh 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The rapid development of ultra-thin, lightweight, and flexible energy storage systems for portable/wearable electronic devices has been significantly stimulated due to an increase in the demand for flexible and wearable electronic systems in various sectors. Various energy storage systems such as batteries and supercapacitors (SCs) are widely used in portable/wearable electronics applications, but SCs have attracted considerable attention due to their long cyclability, high power density, and fast charge–discharge rate. Moreover, flexible micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) with their unique merits like flexibility, their light weight, and shape conformability have fulfilled the current requirement for portable and flexible wearable electronics systems in energy storage markets. Further, in-plane interdigitated electrode designs based on various material systems such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, and transition metal oxides and sulfides for MSCs provide the flexibility and ease with which to integrate them with portable and flexible wearable electronics systems. In this review, various material systems, active electrode fabrication techniques, integration and applications of flexible MSCs in portable/wearable electronics systems along with their current challenges and future perspectives have been comprehensively analyzed.
Everting of tubular net structures based on Shape Memory Alloys
Authors: Hensel Sebastian , Boxberger Lukas , Weisheit Linda , Schellnock Julia , Thielsch Juliane , Riedel Frank , Drossel Welf-Guntram 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Foldable technical structures can be used to provide a temporary additional volume. In nature, a tubular folding application is the extension of the snail eye. The present study uses this approach. A transformation into a technical application is only successful if the high eversion loads are considered. The study aims to develop a method to realize such structures based on a metallic wire net structure. The tube consists of Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) pieces connected by developed crimp elements produced by additive manufacturing. Additive manufacturing was used to provide a fast and effective way to make several crimp element geometries available to define a preferred variant. In a preliminary building study, the printing parameters for crimp element production were improved. The tubular structure development is assisted by numerical simulation of the eversion process. The SMA material model parameters were identified with experimental tension tests. A feasible way to connect additively manufactured crimp elements with SMA wire was found within a joining method study. Tension tests of the connections protect against pull-out failure. The eversion process was investigated using a high-speed camera system. Multiple eversion of the developed structure is possible without failure.
Fast derivation of Shapley based feature importances through feature extraction methods for nanoinformatics
Authors: Liu Tommy , Barnard Amanda S 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis work presents an alternative model-agnostic attribution method to compute feature importance rankings for high dimensional data requiring dimension reduction. We make use of Shapley values within the Shapley additive explanation framework to determine the importance values of each of the feature in the data set. We then demonstrate that it is possible to significantly reduce the computational complexity of ranking features in high dimensional spaces by first applying principal component analysis. This transformation into lower dimensional spaces in conjunction with our normalisation approach does not yield a significant loss of information when performing feature selection tasks beyond a threshold. The efficacy of our approach is demonstrated on several examples of nanomaterial data, in particular graphene oxide. Our approach is ideal for the applied physical science communities where datasets are of high dimensionality and computational complexity is a matter for concern.
Nano-gap planar metal electrodes: fabrication and I-V characteristics
Authors: Singh Abhishek Kumar , Kumar Jitendra 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The nanowires/bars and nano-gap electrodes are vital components for emerging electronics and have wide ranging applications in flat-panel displays, sensors, sub-100 nm transistor circuits, and miniaturized computers/devices. Focused ion beam (FIB) has emerged as a powerful and unique tool for nanofabrication. The research work described here is concerned with (a) the FIB fabrication of planar metallic (copper and gold) nanostructures, (b) their current-voltage (I–V) measurements in situ, and (c) a viable method for extracting the realistic values of emission parameters. The planar electrodes with gap of 80-100 nm are realized by FIB milling of thin metal films. The difficulties faced in objective interpretation of their I-V data (based on known mechanisms) are highlighted. For determining the parameters (namely, effective emission area α
eff, apparent work function ф, and the field enhancement factor β), Fowler-Nordheim [ln(I/V2) versus 1/V] plots showing a minimum with straight line of negative slope can be used. The striking findings demonstrated are (i) occurrence of emission from a tiny region (<1 nm2) vis-à-vis physical area (400 μm × 200 nm), (ii) significant lowering of barrier height, and (iii) enhancement of local field due to protrusions present. Typical values of α
eff, ϕ, and β deduced are 52.3 Å2, 1.62 eV, and 39.3, respectively for copper planar electrodes (gap ∼100 nm); the corresponding data for the case of gold (gap ∼80 nm) are 29.1 Å2, 1.97 eV, and 12.1, respectively. Moreover, β lowering observed with bias is accompanied by increase in the emission area due to progressive smoothening of protrusions at the cathode surface. The electrodes are found rough/rocky at the nanoscale with protrusions and varying separations at places. These features make the electron emissive region small and pointed with an enhanced local electric field and effectively of a lower barrier height. The current discrepancy in the Child-Langmuir’s space charge regime is attributed to the emission occurring from a restricted area only. These findings are important for futuristic nano-devices like thermo-tunnelling refrigerator, energy harvester, etc.
Ultrathin transparent Copper(I) oxide films grown by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition for Back-end-of-line p-Type transistors
Authors: Bae Hagyoul , Charnas Adam , Chung Wonil , Si Mengwei , Lyu Xiao , Sun Xing , Park Joon , Wang Haiyan , Zemlyanov Dmitry , Ye Peide D 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We demonstrate p-type thin-film transistors (TFTs) on copper(I) oxide (Cu2O) grown by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) with bis(N,N′-di-sec-butylacetami-dinato)dicopper(I) as the Cu precursor and oxygen (O2) plasma as an oxidant. PEALD provides many if the advantages of other ALD processes, including uniformity and conformality, but with the additional ability to actively generate reactants and to add substantial energy from the plasma which may be important in defect control, low-temperature deposition. In this letter, Cu2O films were grown on SiO2/Si substrates under different substrate temperatures (160 ∼ 240 °C) and post-deposition annealing was carried out under various temperatures (300 ∼ 1100 °C) to improve the growth rate and crystallinity of the Cu2O films. The fabricated p-channel bottom-gate Cu2O transistors with a controlled thickness of 12 nm have high transparency over 90% and exhibit a subgap density of states (g(E)) of 7.2 × 1018 eV−1·cm−3 near the valence band (E
V), contact resistivity (R
C) of 14 kΩ·mm, I
ON/I
OFF ratio of 2 × 103, and field-effect mobility of 0.1 cm2/V·s.
Invited Commentary: The Promise and Pitfalls of Causal Inference With Multivariate Environmental Exposures
Authors: Zigler Corwin M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The accompanying article by Keil et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2021;190(12):2647–2657) deploys Bayesian g-computation to investigate the causal effect of 6 airborne metal exposures linked to power-plant emissions on birth weight. In so doing, it articulates the potential value of framing the analysis of environmental mixtures as an explicit contrast between exposure distributions that might arise in response to a well-defined intervention—here, the decommissioning of coal plants. Framing the mixture analysis as that of an approximate “target trial” is an important approach that deserves incorporation into the already rich literature on the analysis of environmental mixtures. However, its deployment in the power plant example highlights challenges that can arise when the target trial is at odds with the exposure distribution observed in the data, a discordance that seems particularly difficult in studies of environmental mixtures. Bayesian methodology such as model averaging and informative priors can help, but they are ultimately limited for overcoming this salient challenge.
Development, implementation, and evaluation of a clinical decision support tool to improve naloxone coprescription within Military Health System pharmacies
Authors: Rittel Alexander G , Highland Krista B , Maneval Mark S , Bockhorst Archie D , Moreno Agustin , Sim Alan , Easter Peter S , Nichols Chris E , Costantino Ryan C 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Purpose
To describe the development, implementation, and evaluation of a pharmacy clinical decision support tool designed to increase naloxone coprescription among people at risk for opioid overdose in a large healthcare system.

Summary
The Military Health System Opioid Registry and underlying presentation layer were used to develop a clinical decision support capability to improve naloxone coprescription at the pharmacy point of care. Pharmacy personnel use a patient identification card barcode scanner or manually enter a patient’s identification number to quickly visualize information on a patient’s risk for opioid overdose and medical history related to pain and, when appropriate, receive a recommendation to coprescribe naloxone. The tool was made available to military treatment facility pharmacy locations. An interactive dashboard was developed to support monitoring, utilization, and impact on naloxone coprescription to patients at risk for opioid overdose.

Conclusion
Initial implementation of the naloxone tool was slow from a lack of end-user awareness. Efforts to increase utilization were, in part, successful owing to a number of enterprise-wide educational initiatives. In early 2020, the naloxone tool was used in 15% of all opioid prescriptions dispensed at a military pharmacy. Data indicate that the frequency of naloxone coprescription to patients at risk for opioid overdose was significantly higher when the naloxone tool was used than when the tool was not used.
The case for moral empiricism
Authors: Nichols Shaun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIt is an old and venerable idea in philosophy that morality is built into us, and this nativist view has seen a resurgence of late. Indeed, the prevailing systematic account of how we acquire complex moral representations is a nativist view inspired by arguments in Chomskyan linguistics. In this article, I review the leading argument for moral nativism – the poverty of the moral stimulus. I defend a systematic empiricist alternative that draws on the resources of statistical learning. Such an empiricist account, I argue, promises to explain much of the complexity of people’s moral and other normative attitudes.
Clinical Relevance of Elastin in the Structure and Function of Skin
Authors: Baumann Leslie , Bernstein Eric F , Weiss Anthony S , Bates Damien , Humphrey Shannon , Silberberg Michael , Daniels Robert 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Elastin is the main component of elastic fibers, which provide stretch, recoil, and elasticity to the skin. Normal levels of elastic fiber production, organization, and integration with other cutaneous extracellular matrix proteins, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans are integral to maintaining healthy skin structure, function, and youthful appearance. Although elastin has very low turnover, its production decreases after individuals reach maturity and it is susceptible to damage from many factors. With advancing age and exposure to environmental insults, elastic fibers degrade. This degradation contributes to the loss of the skin’s structural integrity; combined with subcutaneous fat loss, this results in looser, sagging skin, causing undesirable changes in appearance. The most dramatic changes occur in chronically sun-exposed skin, which displays sharply altered amounts and arrangements of cutaneous elastic fibers, decreased fine elastic fibers in the superficial dermis connecting to the epidermis, and replacement of the normal collagen-rich superficial dermis with abnormal clumps of solar elastosis material. Disruption of elastic fiber networks also leads to undesirable characteristics in wound healing, and the worsening structure and appearance of scars and stretch marks. Identifying ways to replenish elastin and elastic fibers should improve the skin’s appearance, texture, resiliency, and wound-healing capabilities. However, few therapies are capable of repairing elastic fibers or substantially reorganizing the elastin/microfibril network. This review describes the clinical relevance of elastin in the context of the structure and function of healthy and aging skin, wound healing, and scars and introduces new approaches being developed to target elastin production and elastic fiber formation.
The effect of autocrine motility factor alone and in combination with methyl jasmonate on liver cancer cell growth
Authors: Jeoung Nam Ho , Jo Ae Lim , Park Hee Sung 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Neoplastic cells secrete autocrine motility factor (AMF) to stimulate the motility of cancer cells. In this study, AMF secreted from HT-29 colorectal cancer cells selectively suppressed liver cancer cells by downregulating pAKT and β-catenin. In addition, HT-29 AMF significantly augmented the activity of methyl jasmonate against liver cancer cells and is a promising alternative for liver cancer therapy.
One town’s invasion by the pest slug Arion vulgaris (Gastropoda: Arionidae): microsatellites reveal little introgression from Arion ater and limited gene flow between infraspecific races in both species
Authors: Hutchinson John M C , Schlitt Bettina , Reise Heike 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The terrestrial slug Arion vulgaris has recently spread across most of Europe, often causing the local extinction of resident populations of Arion ater s.l. The species hybridize, which leads to the prediction of massive introgression of A. ater genes into A. vulgaris. To test this, we used 16 microsatellite markers applied to samples of both species collected around Görlitz, Germany, during the invasion. Amongst A. vulgaris individuals with typical genitalia, an analysis using structure suggested that only 6% were appreciably admixed with local A. ater; admixture did not increase over the course of the invasion. Amongst the ~4% of slugs with intermediate genitalia, microsatellites confirmed that they were often hybrids, their anatomy correlating with the estimated share of ancestry from each species. The microsatellites also distinguished the three subspecies of A. ater previously recognized on the basis of genital anatomy and mitochondrial DNA. The subspecies were not well mixed spatially, with A. a. ater in wilder places and A. a. rufus never found in the Polish part of the town; nevertheless, hybridization between them was occurring. Unexpectedly, the microsatellites indicated three genetic races amongst A. vulgaris; these occurred in different districts and are mixing spatially and genetically only slowly.
Metachronal Swimming of Mantis Shrimp: Kinematics and Interpleopod Vortex Interactions
Authors: Garayev Kuvvat , Murphy David W 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMantis shrimp swim via metachronal rowing, a pattern in which the pleopods (swimming limbs) stroke sequentially, starting with the last pair and followed by anterior neighbors. A similar swimming pattern is used at various sizes, Reynolds numbers, and advance ratios by diverse organisms including ciliates, ctenophores, copepods, krill, and lobsters. Understanding this type of locomotion is important because it is widespread and may inspire the design of underwater vehicles where efficiency, robustness, and maneuverability are desired. However, detailed measurements of the flow around free-swimming, metachronally rowing organisms are scarce, especially for organisms swimming in a high Reynolds number regime (Re ≥ 104). In this study, we present time-resolved, planar PIV measurements of a swimming peacock mantis shrimp (Odontodactylus scyllarus). Simultaneous kinematics measurements of the animal, which had body and pleopod lengths of 114 and 20 mm, respectively, reveal mean swimming speeds of 0.2–1.9 m s−1 and pleopod beat frequencies of 3.6–13 Hz, corresponding to advance ratios of 0.75–1.84 and body-based Reynolds numbers of 23,000–217,000. Further, the animal’s stroke is not purely metachronal, with a long phase lag between initiation of the first and fifth pleopod power strokes. Flow measurements in the sagittal plane show that each stroking pleopod pair creates a posteriorly moving tip vortex which evades destruction by the recovery strokes of other pleopod pairs. The vortex created by the anteriormost pleopod pair is the strongest and, owing to the animal’s high advance ratio, is intercepted by the power stroke of the posteriormost pleopod pair. The vortex strength increases as a result of this interaction, which may increase swimming speed or efficiency. A relationship for vortex interception by the posterior pleopod is proposed that relates the phase lag between the interacting pleopods to the beat frequency, distance between those pleopods, and speed of the vortex relative to the animal. We describe this interaction with a novel parameter called the interpleopod vortex phase matching Strouhal number StIVPM which is equal to the phase lag between interacting pleopods. This new nondimensional parameter may be useful in predicting the conditions where a constructive interaction may occur in other species or in physical models. Finally, we relate the advance ratio to the Reynolds number ratio, the ratio between the body-based Reynolds number and the pleopod-based Reynolds number. The importance of these parameters in promoting the interpleopod vortex interactions identified here, in dynamically scaled experiments, and in wake signatures behind schooling metachronal swimmers is discussed.
Impact of local terminology on the design of a community-based diagnostic and management algorithm for postpartum sepsis: findings of formative research
Authors: Ariff Shabina , Mir Fatima , Aftab Wafa , Raza Farrukh , Zaidi Shujaat , Memon Sheraz , LeFevre Amnesty , Bartlett Linda A , Winch Peter , Soofi Sajid Bashir , Bhutta Zulfiqar A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Postpartum sepsis is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality and morbidity in developing countries. This formative research elicits local terms used for postpartum illnesses and symptoms of postpartum sepsis with the aim of improving postpartum diagnosis and management in Pakistan.

Methods
We conducted 34 in-depth interviews with recently delivered women (RDW), traditional birth attendants (TBAs), healthcare providers and family members of RDW from rural Sindh to explore local Sindhi terms used to describe postpartum sepsis and related symptoms. During interviews, all participants were asked to orally free list common symptoms of postpartum illnesses; those who were aware of the concept were asked to free list possible symptoms of postpartum sepsis. The responses were recorded by the interviewer. Free listing data were analyzed for frequency and salience.

Results
Most participants, including TBAs, were not familiar with the concept of postpartum sepsis as a distinct disease or of a local term denoting the concept. Almost all could identify and report symptoms related to postpartum sepsis in the local language. Only physicians were able to recognize the term postpartum sepsis and related symptoms. Multiple local terms were used for a particular symptom; still others were used to denote gradations of severity. ‘Bukhar’ (fever) was the most commonly named symptom although it was often considered a normal part of puerperium. Many postpartum illnesses were related to the highly non-specific local term ‘kamzori’ (weakness).

Conclusions
Better awareness about local terminology used in rural areas related to postpartum sepsis could improve communication, care-seeking patterns, diagnosis and management.
Constraints on the Ecomorphological Convergence of Zooplanktivorous Butterflyfishes
Authors: Hodge J R , Song Y , Wightman M A , Milkey A , Tran B , Štajner A , Roberts A S , Hemingson C R , Wainwright P C , Price S A 
Published: May 2021

Synopsis
Whether distantly related organisms evolve similar strategies to meet the demands of a shared ecological niche depends on their evolutionary history and the nature of form–function relationships. In fishes, the visual identification and consumption of microscopic zooplankters, selective zooplanktivory, is a distinct type of foraging often associated with a suite of morphological specializations. Previous work has identified inconsistencies in the trajectory and magnitude of morphological change following transitions to selective zooplanktivory, alluding to the diversity and importance of ancestral effects. Here we investigate whether transitions to selective zooplanktivory have influenced the morphological evolution of marine butterflyfishes (family Chaetodontidae), a group of small-prey specialists well known for several types of high-precision benthivory. Using Bayesian ancestral state estimation, we inferred the recent evolution of zooplanktivory among benthivorous ancestors that hunted small invertebrates and browsed by picking or scraping coral polyps. Traits related to the capture of prey appear to be functionally versatile, with little morphological distinction between species with benthivorous and planktivorous foraging modes. In contrast, multiple traits related to prey detection or swimming performance are evolving toward novel, zooplanktivore-specific optima. Despite a relatively short evolutionary history, general morphological indistinctiveness, and evidence of constraint on the evolution of body size, convergent evolution has closed a near significant amount of the morphological distance between zooplanktivorous species. Overall, our findings describe the extent to which the functional demands associated with selective zooplanktivory have led to generalizable morphological features among butterflyfishes and highlight the importance of ancestral effects in shaping patterns of morphological convergence.