bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantification of dark-field effects in single-shot grid-based x-ray imaging
Authors: Lim Hyunwoo , Cho Hyosung , Lee Hunwoo , Jeon Duhee 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Dark-field (DF) x-ray imaging (DFXI) is a technology that can obtain information relating to the small-angle x-ray scattering of a sample. In this paper, we report on the quantification of DF effects by measuring the real space correlation function of scattering samples in a single-shot grid-based x-ray imaging setup that enables a simple approach to DFXI. The experimental measurements of the DF effects in our imaging setup were in good agreement with the theoretical quantification over the entire range of test conditions, thus verifying its effectiveness for single-shot grid-based DFXI. Consequently, we were able to clearly understand the associated particle-scale selectivity, which can help us determine suitable applications for single-shot grid-based x-ray DFXI.
Partial spectral and temporal coherence of plane-wave pulse trains in second-harmonic generation
Authors: Pesonen Henri , Huusko Juha-Matti , Zang Xiaorun , Friberg Ari T , Turunen Jari , Setälä Tero 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We study the spectral and temporal coherence effects in the passage of a Gaussian Schell-model (GSM) scalar, plane-wave pulse train through a slab of nonlinear optical crystal exhibiting second-harmonic generation. We show that due to the nonlinear interaction the temporal and spectral degrees of coherence of the fundamental (F) and second-harmonic (SH) pulse trains at the exit facet may deviate markedly from the GSM and the global degree of coherence of the SH wave generally decreases with increasing incident F beam intensity. In addition, we find that due to the partial coherence of the incident GSM field the transmitted SH wave may show a double-peaked intensity distribution.
Stacked metasurfaces for enhancing the emission and extraction rate of single nitrogen-vacancy centers in nanodiamond
Authors: Khokhar Megha , Singh Nitesh , Nair Rajesh V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Dielectric metasurfaces with unique possibilities of manipulating light–matter interaction lead to new insights in exploring spontaneous emission control using single quantum emitters. Here, we study the stacked metasurfaces in one- (1D) and two-dimensions (2D) to enhance the emission rate of a single quantum emitter using the associated optical resonances. The 1D structures with stacked bilayers are investigated to exhibit Tamm plasmon resonance optimized at the zero phonon line (ZPL) of the negative nitrogen-vacancy (NV−) center. The 2D stacked metasurface comprising of two-slots silicon nano-disks is studied for the Kerker condition at ZPL wavelength. The far-field radiation plots for the 1D and 2D stacked metasurfaces show an increased extraction efficiency rate for the NV− center at ZPL wavelength that reciprocates the localized electric field intensity. The modified local density of optical states results in large Purcell enhancement of 3.8 times and 25 times for the single NV− center integrated with 1D and 2D stacked metasurface, respectively. These results have implications in exploring stacked metasurfaces for applications such as single photon generation and CMOS compatible light sources for on-demand chip integration.
Stabilizing the heavily-doped and metallic phase of MoS2 monolayers with surface functionalization
Authors: Zhang Hanyu , Koledin Tamara D , Wang Xiang , Hao Ji , Nanayakkara Sanjini U , Attanayake Nuwan H , Li Zhaodong , Mirkin Michael V , Miller Elisa M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is one of the most studied two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides that is being investigated for various optoelectronic properties, such as catalysis, sensors, photovoltaics, and batteries. One such property that makes this material attractive is the ease in which 2D MoS2 can be converted between the semiconducting (2H) and metallic/semi-metallic (1T/1T′) phases or heavily n-type doped 2H phase with ion intercalation, strain, or excess negative charge. Using n-butyl lithium (BuLi) immersion treatments, we achieve 2H MoS2 monolayers that are heavily n-type doped with shorter immersion times (10–120 mins) or conversion to the 1T/1T′ phase with longer immersion times (6–24 h); however, these doped/converted monolayers are not stable and promptly revert back to the initial 2H phase upon exposure to air. To overcome this issue and maintain the modification of the monolayer MoS2 upon air exposure, we use BuLi treatments plus surface functionalization p-(CH3CH2)2NPh-MoS2 (Et2N-MoS2)—to maintain heavily n-type doped 2H phase or the 1T/1T′ phase, which is preserved for over two weeks when on indium tin oxide or sapphire substrates. We also determine that the low sheet resistance and metallic-like properties correlate with the BuLi immersion times. These modified MoS2 materials are characterized with confocal Raman/photoluminescence, absorption, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as well as scanning Kelvin probe microscopy, scanning electrochemical microscopy, and four-point probe sheet resistance measurements to quantify the differences in the monolayer optoelectronic properties. We will demonstrate chemical methodologies to control the modified monolayer MoS2 that likely extend to other 2D transition metal dichalcogenides, which will greatly expand the uses for these nanomaterials.
Visualizing band structure hybridization and superlattice effects in twisted MoS2/WS2 heterobilayers
Authors: Jones Alfred J H , Muzzio Ryan , Pakdel Sahar , Biswas Deepnarayan , Curcio Davide , Lanatà Nicola , Hofmann Philip , McCreary Kathleen M , Jonker Berend T , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Singh Simranjeet , Koch Roland J , Jozwiak Chris , Rotenberg Eli , Bostwick Aaron , Miwa Jill A , Katoch Jyoti , Ulstrup Søren 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A mismatch of atomic registries between single-layer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) in a two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals heterostructure produces a moiré superlattice with a periodic potential, which can be fine-tuned by introducing a twist angle between the materials. This approach is promising both for controlling the interactions between the TMDs and for engineering their electronic band structures, yet direct observation of the changes to the electronic structure introduced with varying twist angle has so far been missing. Here, we probe heterobilayers comprised of single-layer MoS2 and WS2 with twist angles ranging from 2∘ to 20∘ and determine the twist angle-dependent evolution of the electronic band structure using micro-focused angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. We find strong interlayer hybridization between MoS2 and WS2 electronic states at the

Γ
ˉ

-point of the Brillouin zone, leading to a shift of the valence band maximum in the heterostructure. Replicas of the hybridized states are observed at the center of twist angle-dependent moiré mini Brillouin zones. We confirm that these replica features arise from the inherent moiré potential by comparing our experimental observations with density functional theory calculations of the superlattice dispersion. Our direct visualization of these features underscores the potential of using twisted heterobilayer semiconductors to engineer hybrid electronic states and superlattices that alter the electronic and optical properties of 2D heterostructures for a wide range of twist angles.
Sensitive and quantitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies from vaccinated serum by MoS2-field effect transistor
Authors: Wei Junqing , Zhao Zhihan , Luo Fengting , Lan Kuibo , Chen Ruibing , Qin Guoxuan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Recently, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread globally with major impact on public health. Novel methods that enable fast and efficient detection of the virus and the associated biomarkers, such as SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, may provide alterative opportunities for early diagnosis, disease status monitoring, and the development of vaccines. Here, we report the fabrication of a functionalized MoS2-field effect transistor (FET) for sensitive and quantitative detection of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain (S-RBD) in vaccinated serum specimens. The device was modified by SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD fusion protein on the surface and enabled rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. In addition, an on-chip calibration method was established for quantitative measurement. Furthermore, this method was applied to measure the levels of S-RBD antibodies in serum specimens from vaccinated donors. The devices showed no response to negative control samples from individuals who did not receive vaccination, suggesting the high specificity of this method. This study illustrated the successful fabrication of S-RBD functionalized MoS2-FET with potential clinical applications to facilitate vaccine development and efficacy evaluation.
Oxidation of soot promoted by Fe-based spinel catalysts
Authors: Chen Haoming , Li Tianle , Xu Zhiming , Wang Wenju , Wang Haihou 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Diesel engine has attracted much attention because of its good power performance, fuel economy, reliability and durability, but the exhaust gas containing soot has significant impact on environment and human health. Catalyzed diesel particulate filter (CDPF) that reduces the activation energy of soot oxidation by catalysts are used to eliminate soot. In this work, MFe2O4 spinel (M = Cu, Ni and Co) was synthesized by sol-gel method to catalyze the oxidation of soot. The characterization results of MFe2O4 showed that CuFe2O4 possessed the smallest average grain size (65.6 nm) and the best redox performance. The activity tests of the catalysts showed that the activity order of the catalyst is CuFe2O4 (330 °C > CoFe2O4 (411 °C > NiFe2O4 (464 °C. DFT results showed that soot is more easily adsorbed on the O-terminal surface of CuFe2O4 and reacts with oxygen vacancies, resulting in the promotion of soot oxidation by the diffusion of oxygen from the inside to the surface. It also proves that CuFe2O4 has the best catalytic effect on soot.
The microstructure evolution and mechanical properties improvement of the AZ61 alloy by adding Sc
Authors: Zhang Honggang , Wang Jinhui , Ma Hongbin , Yuan Yuan , Li Yongfeng , Liu Yanzhuo , Zhang Lei , Jin Peipeng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The improvement of mechanical properties and the microstructure evolution through adding Sc to AZ61magnesium alloy were studied. The results indicated that the Mg17Al12 phase in the extruded AZ61 alloy was mainly distributed around the sub-structured and fine deformed grains, resulting in the nonuniform microstructure. The addition of Sc could effectively suppress the band-like precipitation of Mg17Al12 phase and improve the uniformity of microstructure. The grain sizes of the extruded alloys showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing with the increase of Sc, which was mainly attributed to the secondary phase. The AZ61–0.5Sc alloy exhibited the best mechanical properties, its ultimate tensile strength and yield strength were 14.8MPa and 40.8MPa higher than those of the extruded AZ61 alloy, respectively, which was ascribed to the fine grains and abundant secondary phase in the alloy.
Enhancement of the near-band-edge electroluminescence from the active ZnO layer in the ZnO/GaN-based light emitting diodes using AlN-ZnO/ZnO/AlN-ZnO double heterojunction structure
Authors: Huang Bo-Rui , You Kui-Shou , Yang Kai-Chao , Liu Day-Shan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this work, an AlN-ZnO/ZnO/AlN-ZnO double heterojunction (DH) structure prepared using the cosputtering technology was deposited onto the p-type GaN epitaxial layer. The indiffusion of the oxygen atoms to the p-GaN epilayer was obstructed as the cosputtered AlN-ZnO film inset between n-ZnO/p-GaN interface. The near-ultraviolet (UV) emission from this ZnO/GaN-based light emitting diode (LED) was greatly improved as compared to an n-type ZnO film directly deposited onto the p-GaN epilayer. Meanwhile, the native defects in the n-ZnO layer associated with the green luminescence was less likely to form while it was sandwiched by the cosputtered AlN-ZnO film. As the thickness of the active n-ZnO layer in the DH structure reached 10 nm, the near-band-edge (NBE) emission became the predominated luminescence over the resulting LED spectrum.
Synthesis of silver nanoparticles from electronic scrap by chemical reduction
Authors: Najafi Abolhassan , Khoeini Mahdi , Khalaj Gholamreza , Sahebgharan Amirhossein 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In the present research, the use of electronic waste in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles was investigated. For this purpose, electronic scraps were used as a consumable part to synthesize silver nanoparticles. The results revealed that by optimizing the time and temperature of the dissolution process using nitric acid solution up to 90%, silver can be extracted from these parts. The results indicated that the concentration of initial silver nitrate had a significant impact on the quality of the final product, so that the best conditions for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles with suitable properties were provided at 1 molar concentration. Phase studies indicated that the main phase of the synthesized silver particles had an FCC structure and no unwanted phase was observed. Ultraviolet–visible analysis of the synthesized powder revealed that the main peak for the silver nanoparticles appeared in the wavelength range of 400 to 450 nm. DLS analysis revealed that precursor’s particles inside the sol were below 15 nm. Based on AFM and TEM investigations, the particles synthesized under these conditions had nanometric spherical morphology with uniform particle size distribution.
Hybrid fiber-reinforced composite with carbon, glass, basalt, and para-aramid fibers for light use applications
Authors: Cho Jinwon , Park Jaehyeung 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study explores the possibility of incorporating carbon fibers (CFs), basalt fibers, glass fibers, and p-aramid reinforcement fibers into carbon fiber–reinforced composites for light use applications. Hybrid composites can overcome the weakness of CFs and provide flexibility to design materials with the desired properties. The mechanical properties (tensile, flexural, and puncture impact properties) of the prepared hybrid composite were evaluated according to the standards ASTM D3039, ASTM D790, and ISO 6603-2, respectively. The inherent properties of reinforcement fibers, weaving density, and impregnation of a thermoplastic matrix into the composite considerably impact the mechanical performance of the hybrid composite materials.
Preparation and performance of CuFe2O4 and ZnFe2O4 magnetic nanocrystals
Authors: Jia Q G , Liang S H , Wang Q X 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Based on the coprecipitation of FeSO4(NH4)2SO4 with CuCl2 and ZnSO4, CuFe2O4 and ZnFe2O4 nanocrystals were successfully synthesized. The morphology and the crystal structures of the nanoparticles were studied via SEM, TEM and XRD, which showed that MFe2O4 samples were formed aggregated nanoparticles with crystal sizes of 16 ∼ 20 nm with a narrow dispersion in size. The samples had the typical spinel structures. Magnetic analyses demonstrated that the CuFe2O4 sample had the saturation magnetization (Ms) of 10.10 emu g−1 with the coercivity of 92.18 Oe, while the ZnFe2O4 sample had the Ms of 8.27 emu g−1 with the coercivity of 25.42 Oe at room temperature, respectively.
Influence of the sintering temperature on the microstructure, mechanical properties and densification characteristics of (TiB + TiC)/TC4 composite
Authors: Hu Zheng-Yang , Peng Hai-Chun , Zhang Zhao-Hui , Song Peng , Chen Ming , Ding Yu-Sheng , Liang Yue-Ying , Li Shao-min 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A hybrid of TiB whiskers and TiC particles reinforced TC4 matrix composites were in situ synthesized by spark plasma sintering (SPS) using a TC4-0.6wt.% B4C powder mixture at temperatures range from 550 °C to 1150 °C. The effect of sintering temperature on microstructure, grain size, mechanical properties and densification process of the (TiB + TiC)/ TC4 matrix composites were investigated. The composite sintered at 1050 °C has the highest tensile strength (1129.0 MPa), yield strength (1077.8 MPa) and plasticity (7.1%). The aspect ratio of TiB whiskers increases almost linearly below 1050 °C and its highest value is 33.2. The grain size of TiC increases with the increase of sintering temperature, and rapid growth occurs in the range of 850 °C to 950 °C. The composite sintered body appears four shrinkage stages before applying sintering pressure. The corresponding peak temperatures are 663 °C, 758 °C, 840 °C and 994 °C, respectively.
Exploring polynomial based interpolation schemes for photoacoustic tomographic image reconstruction
Authors: Paul Avijit , Warbal Pankaj , Mukherjee Amrita , Paul Subhadip , Saha Ratan K 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) imaging employing polynomial-based interpolation methods is discussed. Nearest-neighbor, bilinear, bicubic and biquintic algorithms were implemented for the construction of the model matrix, and images were formed using the Tikhonov regularization and total variation (TV) minimization procedures. The performance of the interpolation methods was assessed by comparing the reconstructed images of three numerical and two experimental phantoms. The numerical and experimental studies demonstrate that the performance of the interpolation schemes is nearly equal for large PA sources. The simplest nearest-neighbor technique provides better image reconstruction for a sparse source compared to the others. The nearest-neighbor protocol may be adopted in practice for vascular imaging using PAT.
Direct impact of solar farm deployment on surface longwave radiation
Authors: Fan Chongxing , Huang Xianglei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Motivated by a previous study of using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometers (MODIS) observations to quantify changes in surface shortwave spectral reflectances caused by six solar farms in the southwest United States, here we used a similar method to study the longwave effects of the same six solar farms, with emphases on surface emissivities and land surface temperature (LST). Two MODIS surface products were examined: one relying on generalized split-window algorithm while assuming emissivities from land cover classifications (MYD11A2), the other based on Temperature Emissivity Separation algorithm capable of dynamically retrieving emissivities (MYD21A2). Both products suggest that, compared to adjacent regions without changes before and after solar farm constructions, the solar farm sites have reduced outgoing radiances in three MODIS infrared window channels. Such reduction in upward longwave radiation is consistent with previous in situ measurements. The MYD11A2 results show constant emissivities before and after solar farm constructions because its land type classification algorithm is not aware of the presence of solar farms. The estimated daytime and nighttime LST reduction due to solar farm deployment are ∼1–4K and ∼0.2–0.9K, respectively. The MYD21A2 results indicate a decrease in Band 31 (10.78–11.28 μm) emissivity up to −0.01 and little change in Band 32 (11.77–12.27 μm) emissivity. The LST decreases in the MYD21A2 is slightly smaller than its counterpart in the MYD11A2. Laboratory and in situ measurements indicate the longwave emissivity of solar panels can be as low as 0.83, considerably smaller than MODIS retrieved surface emissivity over the solar farm sites. The contribution of exposed and shaded ground within the solar farm to the upward longwave radiation needs to be considered to fully explain the results. A synthesis of MODIS observations and published in situ measurements is presented. Implication for parameterizing such solar farm longwave effect in the climate models is also discussed.
Diversity in the observed functionality of dams and reservoirs
Authors: Kam Jonghun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Knowledge and modeling of the observed functionality of dams and reservoirs are desirable for better water resources management. In this study, we examine the functionality of dams and reservoirs over much of the globe through a hydroclimate assessment over 990 Global Runoff Data Center stations that have at least one dam/reservoir over the corresponding drainage areas and available streamflow records of at least 25 years. To quantify the potential capacity of human disturbance/alteration, annual cumulative maximum storage (CMS) of the dams are computed and then annual potential changes in the residence time of water (PRT; CMS divided by annual mean monthly flow) are assessed. In addition, the Man–Kendall tests for annual maximum, mean, and minimum monthly streamflow, and drainage area-averaged precipitation are conducted. Results show that the size of CMS and the main purpose have an explanatory power of the designed hydrologic response (i.e., flattening of the seasonality) while 6% of dam-affected stations experienced the opposite hydrologic response (intensifying of the seasonality) due to the overwhelming impact of anthropogenic climate change. This study finds that the magnitude of PRT is a potential indicator to identify a considerable impact of dams and reservoirs for the regional hydrologic regime. The findings of this study suggest diversity in the observed functionality of dams and reservoirs, which is still a challenge in global hydrological modeling.
Challenges and Opportunities in Using Twitter as a Pedagogical Tool in Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Education
Authors: Tushir Abhimanyu , Duy Nguyen Tung , Biehl Colton , Mirza Kamran M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Even though the benefits of using Twitter for teaching and information exchange within the pathology community are primarily undisputed, a fair number of users refrain from sharing educational content on this social media platform. The survey aims to identify challenges in using Twitter as a pedagogical tool and discuss ways of converting those challenges into opportunities.

Methods
We performed a cross-sectional survey-based study involving 174 participants from the pathology community on Twitter.

Results
The results demonstrated that procurement of content was the major challenge faced by 36.2% of the participants, with most participants being concerned or very concerned regarding institutional policies and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act issues. Content procurement concerns were followed by social media inertia, stated by 23% of the participants as an obstacle to posting educational content on Twitter.

Conclusions
The report helps elicit some common obstacles faced by the pathology and laboratory medicine community and allows us to recommend solutions to overcome these obstacles.