bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Cysteine on the Performances of Gelatin Film
Authors: Yu Hong , Wang Bowen , Yu Peng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In order to explore the cysteine as a potential plasticizer for gelatin films, the influences of the amount of cysteine, pH and reaction temperature on the functional performances including water absorption, mechanical performances, and chromaticity of gelatin films have been investigated. The results indicated that the amount of cysteine, pH and reaction temperature did not affect the water absorption and chromaticity of the gelatin film. However, the mechanical performances of the gelatin film were influenced greatly by the amount of cysteine and water bath temperature. With the concentration of cysteine ranging from 0 to 0.02%, the tensile strength (TS) of the gelatin film had no significant change but the elongation at break (EB) increased gradually. When the concentration of cysteine ranged from 0.01% to 0.02%, the largest value of the EB of gelatin film was obtained. When the concentration of cysteine was greater than or equal to 0.04%, the TS and EB of the gelatin film decreased significantly. When the reaction temperature was 60 ∼ 90°C, the largest values of the EB and TS of the gelatin film were obtained. The addition of cysteine as a plasticizer can improve the EB of gelatin film, but has no influence on other performances. Therefore, there is a promising application value for cysteine in food preservation packaging film, due to its advantages of biodegradability and wide source.
Investigation of the Salinity Distribution of the Soil along West Main Canal in Ningxia, China
Authors: Wu Juntao , Jing Hefang , Wang Weihong , Guo Xiaoxiao , Guo Xinxia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
As one of the main irrigation canals in Ningxia, West Main Canal plays a very important role in the irrigation of the land nearby the canal, such as farms, meadows, and tree farms. Because of the long-term use of the Yellow River water for irrigation, the soil salinization in this area become more serious. In this paper, the problem of soil salinization along the West Main Canal in Ningxia is taken as the research object. 82 sample points in the studied area are chosen and a total number of 164 soil samples are measured for the eight main salt ions and pH value. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis are employed to study the distribution of the soil salinity ions and pH value. In addition, two dimensional interpolation is applied to obtain the spatial distribution of the total saltiness. It can be found that Cl−, SO42−, Ca2+, Na+ and HCO3
− are the main salt ions and the main soluble salts are NaCl, KCl, CaSO4, Na2SO4 and CaCl2 in the soil of the studied area. The spatial distribution of the total soil salt is mainly in the patterns of north high and south low, far high and near low, up high and down low.
Experimental Study on Flow Characteristics in a Compound Open Channel with Flexible Vegetation
Authors: Guo Xiaoxiao , Jing Hefang , Wang Weihong , Wu Juntao , Zhang Qiaoling 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In order to study the effect of flexible vegetation for the flow in open channels with flood plains, a series of experiments were carried out in a laboratory flume with a two-stage floodplain. Four cases, i.e., dense parallel arrangement, normal parallel arrangement, sparse parallel arrangement and no vegetation condition, were designed with fixed water depth and discharge. By using three dimensional (3D) laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV) and other instruments, under the condition of the four cases,3D flow velocities, water level and turbulence intensity were measured, The experimental results show that, compared with the non-vegetation situation, the arrangement of grasses on the floodplain will increase the water surface gradient, hydraulic gradient and turbulence intensity to a certain extent.
Risk Assessment of Water Pollution in Urban Rivers of Northwest China
Authors: Liu Yinge , Zhou Huanhuan , Zheng Runhe , Bao Jiangchuan , Yang Yuxin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
As the main carrier of regional residential sewage, industrial wastewater and surface runoff emissions, urban rivers are most vulnerable to pollution and destruction. Taking the Dongsha River in the city of Baoji in Northwest China as an example, four river pollutants were monitored, and the improved Nemero index and factor information model were established to for risk assessment of river water pollution. While compared with other methods, the method is verified, and it is believed that this method is a good tool to evaluate the water pollution of urban rivers. Moreover, the source load mechanism of urban river pollution is discussed. Evaluation results show that for TP, risk of upstream is highest, and for COD and NH3N, risks of the middle are highest, while for PH, risk of downstream is highest. Overall, COD and ammonia nitrogen are a major pollutant in urban rivers, which pollutants originate from industry and agricultural wastewater discharge. The domestic sewage, solid waste and agricultural wastewater overflows also play an important role in the change of river water quality. These studies provide the basis for urban environmental planning and pollution control.
Analysis of Horizontal Displacement Monitoring Data of Shimenzi Arch Dam after “12.8” Earthquake
Authors: Li Yinan , Zhang Tingting , DuanMu Lingzi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Concrete arch dam is a high-order statically indeterminate structure with strong seismic capability and high safety. The Shimenzi Arch Dam (110m high) located in Manas County, Xinjiang Province was affected by the "2016.12.8 Earthquake" (magnitude 6.2) in Hutubi County and the dam body was deformed to some extent after the earthquake. In order to study the effect of “12.8 earthquake” on the stability of Shimenzi arch dam, the author analyzes and studies the radial displacement, tangential displacement, and deflection distribution of the Shimenzi arch dam basing on the horizontal displacement monitoring data of Shimenzi Arch Dam before and after the earthquake. By drawing the process lines related to displacement, water level, temperature related process line, the deflection distribution, statistical characteristic value of dam deformation before and after the earthquake, and analyzing the deformation trend after earthquake, the author thoroughly discussed the impact of the displacement and deformation caused by the earthquake on the operation safety of the dam, meanwhile evaluated the seismic performance of the arch dam.
Pushover Analysis of 10-Floors Reinforced Concrete Building (Case study: Mahkota Majolelo Sati Bautique Hotel)
Authors: Masrilayanti  , Kurniawan R , Budi A L , Sourkan S H 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Analysis of nonlinear pushover (push load) is one component of performance based design that can be used as a means of determining the capacity of a structure. The analysis is carried out by giving a static lateral load pattern to the structure whose value is increased gradually until a displacement target is reached or until the structure collapses. The purpose of this study is to determine the performance level of the building structure of the MahkotaMajolelo Sati Bautique Hotel according to the ATC-40 document. The capacity curve can estimate the basic shear force and maximum deformation that occurs in the structure. The results of the pushover analysis can show the pattern of collapse and the scheme of the occurrence of plastic hinges in the structure when given loading. By looking at the scheme of the occurrence of plastic hinges, then it can be seen the critical parts of the structure of the Majolelo Sati Bautique Hotel Mahkota Building. Pushover analysis is carried out by referring to the new regulations in effect in Indonesia, namely SNI 1726-2019, SNI 1727-2013 and SNI 2847-2019. The performance point is obtained by using the FEMA 440 Equivalent Linearization method, which is a simplification of the capacity spectrum method. The determination of the performance level of the structure follows the ATC-40 document.
Behaviour of Cold-formed Steel Back-to-Back Channel Built-Up Sections under Bending
Authors: Fitrah R A , Melinda A P 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Cold-formed steel (CFS) structures have been widely constructed as main elements in light structures. In terms of increasing capacity, the built-up sections of cold-formed steel are used regarding larger span structure. In this study, nine cold-formed steel with back-to-back built-up section specimens with various thicknesses were experimentally investigated under three points bending scheme to obtain their capacity and failure type. Each specimen was assembled by using self-drilling screws in web of two built-up channels. Experimental results show that three various web thicknesses (1.3 mm, 1.5 mm, and 2.00 mm) in cold-formed steel of built-up section give the different moment capacity up to 22%. Then, failure types in all specimens are similar where local buckling is generated in compression flange around loading area and lateral-torsional buckling occurred along span. It is found that web thicknesses in back-to-back section have contribution to increase the stiffness and torsional rigidity. However, there is phenomenon when the load capacity decreased, the back-to-back sections act non-composite. Then, the failure apparently observed on that section is one-side twisting and web crippling in mid-span.
Performance Analysis of Diversity Selection Combining on Radio Frequency for Image Transmission
Authors: Baharuddin  , Luthfi A , Andre H , Muharam M , Angraini R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper describes a simulation of the image transmission system with diversity selection combining (DSC) method on radio frequency. DSC is used to obtain multiple data streams corresponding to the transmitted image at the receiver in order to combat errors during image transmission on wireless channels. These individual image data streams are combined to form a composite image with higher perceptual quality. When DSC is used, it is expected that it can affect the number of errors, so that the signal transmitted to the wireless channels becomes more robust against interference caused by transmission channels. By using DSC technique, it can increase the quality of image transmission at the receiver. The result of the experiment which was carried out to test bit error rate (BER) and peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) on Lena image with rate 0.8 bpp by using DSC on radio frequency in Rayleigh fading channel showed that there was a decrease in BER at the average of 0.0152 or 3.39%, while for PSNR there was an increase at the average of 1.6737 dB or 6.73%when comparing to the system without DSC.
Performance Analysis of Trellis Coded Modulation and Diversity Combining on Wireless Channel
Authors: Baharuddin  , Andre H , Muharam M , Luthfi A , Angraini R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The use of trellis coded modulation (TCM) and diversity maximal ratio combining (MRC) are applied in this research in order to overcome the impairment of information signals caused by fading and noise. TCM is chosen due to its ability to correct error without increasing the transmit power and channel bandwidth. MRC is used to obtain multiple data streams corresponding to the transmitted image at the receiver. The testing of the system is carried out by calculating peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and bit error rate (BER). The result of this simulation shows that the use of TCM and MRC in the image transmission system improves significantly compare to the system which only use TCM without MRC.
Application of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) On Green Tea Product (Case Study in the X Company)
Authors: Mila G , Primasari B , Aziz R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study analyzes the environmental impact of 1 ton green tea 50 gr canned in x company using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method. A cradle to gate approach was used to scope the study, from plantations to packaging. SimaPro version 9 software is used as a tool for assessing LCA. The evaluation step refers to ISO 14044 of 2006, which determines the objectives and scope, inventory analysis, impact, and interpretation. The method used to assess the environmental impacts is the CML-IA Baseline. The classification results of the dominant and significant impact characterization on the environment are global warming with 475.557,7 kg CO2 eq. Drying process II, drying process I, PLN electricity, and transportation contribute to the environmental impact. The recommendation for technical improvement based on the sensitivity analysis results is using PLN electricity with renewable energy, namely micro hydro (PLTMH). The combination of wood biomass with other biomass is rice husks, then changing the truck fuel from diesel to fuel that is morm e environmentally friendly Pertamina Dex.
Spatial Variation of Electrical Conductivity, Total Suspended Solids, and Total Dissolved Solids in the Batang Arau River, West Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Helard D , Indah S , Wilandari M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study aims are toanalyze the spatial variation of electrical conductivity (EC) values, total suspended solids (TSS), and total dissolved solids (TDS) concentrations along the Batang Arau River. Water samples were collected from eight stations along the river at biweekly intervalsbetween March and May 2014. The results indicate an increasing trend in the value of three parameters from upstream to downstream, reflecting the effect of natural and anthropogenic activities along the river. The EC values were in the range of 173-5,097 μS/cm and had exceeded the water quality standard established by World Health Organisation (WHO) at the downstream. The TSS and TDS concentrations were in the range of 76-2,078 mg/L and 124-3,560 mg/L, respectively. The TSS concentrations at all stations had exceeded the river quality standard of class II established by Governor Regulation of West Sumatera, while the TDS concentrations had exceeded only at the downstream area. Significant spatial variation of the EC and TDS concentrations was observed between the upstream-midstream and the downstream but was not obtained along the river for the TSS concentrations. It indicates that the anthropogenic activities along the river affected the variability of EC and TDS, but not for TSS. Based on these results, reducing the number of sampling points into three stations could be performed for the EC and TDS, while TSS monitoring at only one station could be applied.
Study on solid waste generation in Lake Toba area
Authors: Suryati I , Khair H , Siregar R L , Sibagariang H , Utami R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Girsang Sipangan Bolon and Merek do not have basic data for solid waste management design. This research aimed to analyze the generation, composition of domestic and non-domestic waste. Sampling methods are determined based on SNI 19-3962-1994. The average amount of waste generation in units of volume for the area divider factor and the number of inhabitants for Girsang Sipangan Bolon and Merek are 92,771 and 87,227 m3/day, respectively. This study found the composition of domestic waste in Girsang Sipangan Bolon consists of 65% organic waste; 7% paper; 17% plastic; textiles 6%; rubber 0%; wood 0%; glass 2%; 0% metal and 3% other waste. The composition of non-domestic waste consists of 61% organic waste; 12% paper; 15% plastic; textile 1%; rubber / leather 0%; wood 1%; glass 0%; metal 1% and other waste 9%. In Merek, the composition of domestic waste consists of 69% organic waste; paper 14%; 8% plastic; textile 1%; rubber / leather 0%; wood 0%; glass 2%; 0% metal and 6% other waste. The composition of non-domestic waste consists of 55% organic waste; paper 14%; plastics 21%; textile 0%; rubber / leather 0%; wood 1%; glass 3%; 0% metal and 6% other waste.
Quality improvement of pillow product using Quality Function Deployment (QFD) methods at PT. XYZ
Authors: Ginting R , Ishak A , Primsa I T , Malik A F 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
PT XYZ is a company engaged in the manufacturing of bedding goods. One of the products from this company that will be the object of research is the pillow. The number of disability pillow products that occurred during 2018 amounted to 21.69%, which could cause a decrease in company productivity and the shift of consumers of these companies to competing companies. The method used to improve the quality of pillow products is Quality Function Deployment. In QFD Phase I, consumer desires are translated into technical characteristics. The results of QFD Phase I, show that the highest priority technical characteristics are machine capacity with a difficulty level of 4, importance of 20% and estimated cost of 19%. Determination of product critical parts using QFD Phase II. The results of QFD Phase II show the highest priority of critical parts based on the level of difficulty, degree of importance and estimated cost is durability of 20%, measurement accuracy of 15% and fabric dimensions of 15%.
Sustainable plastic waste management strategy: Optimization of plastic manufacturing plant waste (gas and product transition)
Authors: Khair F , Matsana J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Production waste management has become the key to a sustainable manufacturing operation strategy. This study aims to analyse the waste gas and production waste from the polymerization process, especially the residual exhaust gas from the degassing unit and the final product from the product transition process that does not meet the requirements. Research using qualitative and quantitative methods. The analysis is done by calculating the amount of gas removed from the sweeping or degassing process and calculating the material balance of the production process to analyse the process loss. The results show that the largest contributor to the waste gas is from the degassing process and the pellets from the transition products. In addition, an optimization process is needed to recover exhaust gas with a recovery system and perform a trimming process or a mixing process to reduce the transition product to become prime product.
Assessment of Rotational Accelerometer Mountings for Rotational Frequency Response Function Measurement
Authors: M W I I W I , Rani M N A , Rosli M I M , Yunus M A , Febrina Rina , Shah Mohamad Azam Shah Aziz 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Kistler Kshear 8840 piezoelectric rotational accelerometer is designed with an M5 bolt type of mounting and a 5mm diameter of through or pre-tapped hole is required in a structure under test. However, the mounting is not applicable for some cases, and other types of mounting need to be used. This work investigates the applicability and accuracy of five different configurations of mounting for Kistler Ksher 8840 piezoelectric rotational accelerometer for the measurement of the rotational FRFs of a steel plate. The mounting configurations consist of 3D printed PLA and ABS mounting, bee’s wax, steel, and bolt mounting. The rotational FRF of the steel plate was measured by using impact testing method. The applicability and accuracy of the mountings were evaluated by comparing the measured FRFs with the finite element (FE) FRFs counterparts. The comparisons of the results revealed that using the bee’s wax mounting had produced the most accurate and least noisy FRF. It was also found that using the 3D printed PLA mounting had contributed to the highest contamination of noise and several spurious peaks in the measured FRFs. These findings provide useful information for selecting the appropriate types and designs of mounting for the Kistler 8840 rotational accelerometer.
Experimental Studies of Application Passive Momentum Exchange Impact Damper (PMEID) on UAV’S Landing Gear
Authors: Darmawan  , Son Lovely , Bur Mulyadi , Nurmansyah  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Unmanned aircraft or UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) is a future technology that continues to be developing. This research examines the structural vibration acceleration response of the aircraft’s nose landing gear. The landing gear is the part of the aircraft that receives the most significant shock load during landing. This is due to the magnitude of the maximum acceleration of the landing gear vibration when experiencing shock loads. This phenomenon causes the landing gear damaged due to excessive vibration. Therefore, uncontrolled shock loads can damage the landing gear structure and even pierce its frame structure. A momentum transfer method was applied to the landing gear design to reduce the maximum acceleration amplitude of vibration due to experiencing shock loads during landing. The research experiment was carried out using the principle of passive momentum transfer; the test was carried out by dropping the landing gear at a certain height. When the landing gear experiences a shock load, kinetic energy and momentum will be transferred to the PMEID system so that the landing gear remains in a stable condition. The experiment gives an output in the form of the vibration acceleration amplitude of the landing gear measured by the accelerometer sensor on the landing gear’s main mass. The vibration response will then be sent to the voltage amplifier and forwarded to the digital signal processing and displayed on a computer monitor. The test results prove the application of the momentum transfer method in the landing gear design can reduce the maximum amplitude of vibration acceleration when landing.
Evaluation of controlled low strength materials containing red brick construction waste based on mechanical experiments and BP neural network
Authors: Wang J G , Zhang J X 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this study, two kinds of controlled low-strength materials (common and rapid-hardening) were designed and prepared by using red brick construction waste fines. Fourteen mixture specimens were prepared with the control parameters of binder to construction waste fine aggregate ratio (α), accelerator to binder ratio (β), and water to solid ratio (γ). The flowability of fresh mixtures, compressive strength of hardened materials were studied. Test results show that it is applicable to use the red brick construction waste fine aggregate to prepare controlled low-strength materials. Increasing α and γ can increase the flowability, however with different the influence mechanisms, where γ has a more significant effect. The 2 hour-strength of rapid-hardening CLSM (controlled low strength material) based on sprayed concrete accelerator can be up to 0.41∼0.79MPa, which meet the needs of emergency backfill engineering. Using on the BP neural network, the long-term strength prediction model of CLSM is established, which can help the civil engineers in the material mix-design.