bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on Ant Colony Algorithm for Location Planning of Distribution Center
Authors: Teng Fei , Xinxin Wu , Jiajia Bai , Peng Wang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The location of logistics center is affected by many factors. And it is an urgent problem to optimize the location selection and obtain the accurate location selection. Based on fully considering the actual distribution center planning problems, this paper introduces the problem of distribution center location planning model building and the steps of ant colony algorithm implementation. Then a large number of experimental simulations are used for instance verification to prove the rationality and effectiveness of the proposed ant colony algorithm to solve the distribution center allocation problem.
Improved Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm Based on Cauchy OBL
Authors: Ren Zuochen , Zhang Liyi , Tang Jinyan , Liu Ting 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Artificial bee colony algorithm is a competitive swarm optimization algorithm for many optimization problems. However, traditional artificial bee colony algorithms often have the problems of insufficient development performance, easy to fall into local optimization and slow convergence. In order to overcome this defect, this paper introduces Cauchy OBL into artificial bee colony algorithm, and proposes an artificial bee colony algorithm based on Cauchy OBL. In the initialization stage, the algorithm uses the Cauchy OBL group to compete with the traditional initial group, selects excellent individuals to form an improved initial group, and improves the quality and diversity of the population; in the neighborhood search stage, the Cauchy OBL process is added to improve the global exploration ability of the algorithm. At the same time, in order to speed up the convergence speed, the global optimal solution and multi-dimensional update strategy are introduced. The simulation results show that the improved algorithm is easy to jump out of the local optimization and has higher search accuracy and faster convergence speed.
Evaluation Metrics for Personalized Recommendation Systems
Authors: Jiang Shuhao , Song Jinlin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper summarizes and reviews the latest research progress on the evaluation metrics of the recommendation system, expounds from multiple perspectives such as accuracy, diversity, novelty, and conducts an in-depth analysis of their respective advantages and disadvantages and applicable environments, focuses on the three levels of recommended diversity and evaluation criteria, and makes predictions on the development direction of the evaluation metrics of the recommendation system.
Research on Continuous Signal Mask Separation in Satellite Communication
Authors: Jing Zeng , Zhang Gengxin , Liu Ziwei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
With the rapid development of communication technology, satellite communication has been very popular in our life. However, due to the openness of satellite communication channel, the communication security has been a hot topic. The large signal masking technology is a potential solution to improve the safety of satellite communications in recent years. To achieve this technique, an efficient and reliable signal separation method must be supplemented at the receiver. Based on existing methods, there are problems of low accuracy of parameter estimation and complex estimation process. The improved scheme introduces the Amplitude and Phase Estimation(APES) based parameter estimation procedure, and proposes a new scheme consisting of APES algorithm, Costas loop and Least Mean Square (LMS) adaptive filter. Compared with existing methods, the simulation results show that the proposed method can achieve mask signal separation successfully, and can achieve better separation performance.
The Effect of Bio and Mineral Fertilizers on Growth and Yield of Wheat (Triticum estivum L.)
Authors: kadhum A. A. , Alobaidy B. Sh. J. , Al-joboory W. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at the college of Agriculture – university of Anbar during the winter season of 2018-2019 using complete randomized blocks design (RCBD) to investigate effects of bio-fertilizer (BF) and different rates of mineral fertilizers (MF) from fertilizer recommendation (FR) on the growth and yield of wheat (IBAA cultivar). The growth and yield traits consisted of plant height (PLH), number of tillers (NT), number of spike (NS), number of grains per spike (NGPS), weight of 1000 grains (WG), biological yield (BY), and grains yield (GY). Treatments consisted of: control T0 (without BF and MF); BF (T1); 100% of FR (T2); BF+25% of FR (T3); BF+50%FR (T4); BF+100% FR (T5). Results indicated that the treatment of adding biological fertilizer with 100% mineral fertilizer(T5) was superior in most of the studied characteristics except for the total number of organisms in the soil. The fertilization treatment (T4) did not differ significantly from treatment (T5) in most of the characteristics included in the study except that increasing of microorganisms in the soil. Thus, 50% of the mineral fertilizer can be substituted with the biological fertilizer to reduce the risk of contamination and reduce the cost of mineral fertilizer.
Improving The Quality of Ground Water in Some Areas of Al-Anbar Governorate by Recharging with Rainwater
Authors: Khudair M. Y. , Alyassein R. N. , Jasim F. M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Artificial groundwater recharged with rainwater is the most popular technique for groundwater quality and quantity. Nevertheless, it is still a challenge for researchers to provide precise quantification of groundwater quality and quantity enhancement by recharging with rainwater due to variations in groundwater quality factors such as topography, hydrogeological phenomenon, availability of rainwater, land use pattern, etc. An attempt is being made here to extract the improvement of groundwater quality by adding the collected rainwater of known quality parameters into the developed aquifer strata in the laboratory with regulated laboratory setup and under similar conditions to the aquifer area of analysis. The results showed a decrease in the pH at all sites, especially A1, where it decreased from 8.2 to 7.3. As for Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), the results showed a decrease in all sites, especially A1, where it decreased from (2860 to 2390) mg\lit. Also, for CL-, the greatest decline was in A1, falling from (2.400 to 205) mg \lit. As for the EC values, the site A2 was the lowest, dropping from )5.6 to 4.29 mS/cm). Regarding hardness, the best result was in site B1, where the decrease was from (286 to 220) mg\lit and finally nitrate experienced the greatest decrease in site B2, where it was from (122 to 78) mg\lit.
Effect of Sewage Sludge on Heavy Metals Accumulation in Soil and Wheat, Mung Bean and Quinoa Crops
Authors: Salim S. A. , Al-Hadiethy I. K. H. , Abed I. A. , AlKubaisy S. A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study was conducted to study the effects of sewage sludge application to agricultural soil on the heavy metal accumulation in soil and plant and on availability of certain nutrients for plant together with the productivity of wheat, mung bean, and quinoa. The experiment were included four treatments i.e., (Control; inorganic fertilizer according to Ministry of Agriculture-Iraq.; sludge (the amount of sludge containing MoAR recommendation) of N without any addition of mineral N; and twice the amount of sludge without any addition of mineral N) with four replications in the feed crop studies station of the Ministry of Agriculture - Haditha agriculture division located in the village of Sakran (Hasweh Al-Jazeera) of Haditha district 260 km west of Baghdad during the seasons 2017-2018.2019. The applied sludge was described and soil was analyzed prior to cultivation. Upon harvesting, the heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Ni and Cr) were estimated in soil and plant in addition to certain nutrients (Total N, mineral N, available P, macronutrients) and organic matter. About heavy metal in soil and plant, significant buildup of the heavy metal in soil and plant was noticed by increasing the addition of sludge as compared to the control. Significant increase in organic matter and total N of soil in sludge-fertilized treatment was noticed as compared to the control. Moreover, a significant increase in mineral N, available P, Cu, Mn and Zn was also noticed by increasing the addition of sludge. There was significant increasing in plant productivity for various crops during the seasons by increasing the addition of sludge as compared to the control.
Effect of Both Soil Improvements and Irrigation Levels on Potato Productions
Authors: Al-Jawadi L. M. , Hassan H. M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study dealt with the effect of the irrigation water quantity added at the irrigation levels I1 and I2 (100 and 50% of available water and the effect of correlation between the polymer and animal amendments added to the soil on the potato crop. Result showed that the plant properties were impacted by the irrigation level I1 compared to the level I2. The values of site 2 were superior over the values of site 1 in terms of the plant height, number of stems, dry root weight, average weigh of the tuber and the yield of each plant. The interference treatment P3O2 of the irrigation level I1 achieved the best values for the two sites, in addition to the positive role played by the soil improvements (polymer and animal amendments), which meliorated the values of porosity, infiltration, increased water retention by soil and decreased the bulk density. In addition to that, there is an evident effect of the irrigation level I1 and the interference amongst the levels P3O2, P2O2 and P3O1 on the total number of the tubers and the total production in comparison to their counterparts at the irrigation level I2. The treatment P3O2 achieved the best results in terms of the number of tubers and the total production at the irrigation level I2 for both sites whereas the effect of I1 irrigation level with the animal amendments was clear in terms of number of the big tubers and big-size production. The interference between the polymer and the animal amendments at the I1 level, showed a clear superiority in terms of tubers number and the productivity as small tubers for planting and the interference treatment P3O2 recorded the highest results at the irrigation level for both of the two sites.
A novel and Rapid Method for Detecting Bio-fungicide Properties in Plant Species
Authors: Theer R. M. , Alheeti A. A. , Alfalahi A. O. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Searching for eco- friendly bio-fungicides have become promising strategy to confront the resistance phenomenon against synthetic fungicides in pathogenic fungi. Unlike the previously described techniques to survey the plants for their secondary toxic metabolites against fungi, a novel technique reported here. The new technique designing on using a detached leaf bioassay and inoculum of Macrophomina phaseolina, the charcoal rot pathogen of sesame. Of an eleven different plant species belong to different families examined with this technique only one species (Giradol, Chrozophora tinctoria of Euphorbiaceae) showed no response to Macrophomina phaseolina inoculation on detached leaf even with wounding. The aseptic aqueously extracted leaf of the Giradol inhibited the growth of the Macrophomina phaseolina by 90% on potato dextrose agar media. This technique is relatively easy, fast and enabling to evaluate for bio- fungicidal existence in several species of plant at the same time.
Evaluation of the Performance of ImageJ, Leaf Doctor Applications, and Visual Assessments in Measuring Severity of Two Leaf Spot Diseases
Authors: Alheeti A. A. M. , Farhan M. A. , Al-Saad L. A. , Theer R. M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this research, reliability for disease severity assessment was compared for two different digital imaging quantifying techniques (ImageJ and Leaf Doctor applications) and visual assessments included ImageJ (IJ), Leaf Doctor (LD) applications, and visual assessments (VA) for the downy mildew of lettuce and Cercospora leaf spot of chard. Samples of infected chard leaves with symptoms of Cercospora leaf spot disease and lettuce leaves with symptoms of downy mildew were randomly collected from a field and a grocery in Al Anbar Governorate, Iraq. Each leaf was shot with iPhone 8 plus, provided with Dual 12 MP Camera, f1. 8, 28mm (wide), and f 2.8 (telephoto). The percentage of the diseased tissue of each shot was subjected to visual analysis and the ImageJ (IJ), Leaf Doctor (LD) applications. The measurements for them were subject to statistical analyses. Generally the results revealed a compatibility in the performance of the evaluated methods for the both diseases. There was positive and significant correlation coefficients between the measurement results of the VA and the LD for the downy mildew of lettuce (r= 0.664 ) and the Cercospora leaf spot of chard (r = 0.8990 ). Regarding the correlation between the IJ measurements and that of either VA or the LD revealed to be weak for both diseases. There were also linear regressions obtained only between the VA and the LD measurements (R2 = 0.441 for downy mildew and R2 = 0. 809 for Cercospora leaf spot). The results of other experiment indicated positive correlation coefficients between the upper and lower disease severity measurements regardless the assessments methods for both diseases. The highest correlation coefficients and linear regression were found for the AV measurements (r =0. 936, R2 = 0.876 and r = 0.996, R2 = 0. 992 for lettuce and chard respectively) followed by that of the LD (r = 0.908, R2 = 0.824 and r = 0.835, R2 = 0.697 for lettuce and chard respectively). This research indicates that the LD application is easier, faster and more reliable and accurate for disease severity measurements regardless the disease and its severity.
Evaluation of Some Drought Tolerance Criteria in Locally Gynoecious Cucumber (Cucumis Sativus L.)
Authors: Abdul Razzaq I. A. M. , Al-Abdaly M. M. , Alhadeethi I. K. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out in an unheated plastic house in the College of Agriculture-University of Anbar/Ramadi – Iraq in the Autumn season 2018 and Spring season 2019, to evaluate some drought tolerance criteria for three locally hybrids of cucumber (H2, H3, H4) compared with Local hybrid (H1) Certified by Iraqi Ministry of Agriculture under three levels of soil moisture depletion (30%, 50%, 70%) were calculated on the basis of available water. Six criteria were used (Tol, MP, SSI, YSI, YI, GMP) to determine drought tolerance of planted cucumber hybrids. Results showed that the depletion level (30%) gave highest productivity in 2018 and 2019 (3.397, 5.190 Kg plant−1) on the respectively, whereas the lowest yield (3.061, 3.857 Kg plant−1) on the respectively for 70% depletion level. The hybrids H1 and H3 achive highest yield (3.488, 3.260 Kg plant−1) on the respectively in 2018, while the highest yield in 2019 was (4.782 and 4.758 Kg plant−1) for H3 and H1 hybrids on the respectively without significant differences. H4 hybrid gave the lowest yield in the two seasons with significant difference in comparison to H3 and H1. The results also showed that the locally producted hybrid H3 distinguished in most drought tolerance criteria compared with registered hybrid (H1) and was considered as a most tolerance to stress, whereas H1 hybrid the most sensitive to stress
Effects of Mycorrhiza Fungus and Licorice on Vegetative Growth of Lemon Grass Cymbopogon Citatus.L Plant
Authors: Abed M. K. , Al-Shaheen M. R. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out in the wooden canopy of the Department of Horticulture and Garden Engineering, College of Agriculture, University of Anbar. Mycorrhiza and licorice were added to the seedlings of lemongrass plant in order to increase some of the physiological and chemical characteristics in the plant, three levels of Mycorrhiza fungus 10 and 20 grams were added to the media, as for licorice, it was added at a rate of 0, 50 and 100 grams per pot. The highest rate of studied parameters (plant height, number of branches and chlorophyll rate in leaves) was obtained for the high combination of Mycorrhiza and licorice (4 grams of Mycorrhiza and 100 grams of licorice per pot) with a significant difference from the rest of the other combinations.
Effect of Salinity Irrigation Water on the Mineral Leaves Content for a Number of Alqutha Cucumber (Cucumis Melo Var. Flexuosus) Cultivated in Greenhouses
Authors: Abdulla A. A. , Abd A. M. , Al Khazraji H. A. K. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The experiment was conducted in the winter agricultural season 2020 in the greenhouses of Al-Faris Company in Al-Zubair district The aim of the study is studying the effect of salinity of irrigation water on the mineral leaves content of twenty-one cultivars of Armenian Cucumber(Cucumis melo var. flexuosus), Where the experiment included 42 treatments, which resulted from two main factors, the first one is irrigation water, which are (1and 5 dS.m−1)and the second factor was included 21cultivars, of Armenian cucumber were selected, 16 of which are local and 5 imported. The study showed that the salinity of irrigation water caused a significant increase in the leaves content of potassium and sodium, with an increase of 33.71% and 324.43%, respectively, while irrigation with Naturalwater caused an increase in the percentage of the potassium element to the sodium with an increase reached 330.83%, While the cultivars differed in their content of mineral elements, where the Tikrit cultivar excelled with the highest content of phosphorous and potassium amounted to 0.2299% and 6.820%, respectively. While the Diyala cultivar gave the highest leaves content of sodium 5.548%) and the Karbala cultivar excelled and gave the highest percentage of potassium to sodium in the leaves of 5.681%), while the Italian cultivar recorded the lowest percentage of phosphorus in the leaves 0.0201, the Diwaniyah cultivar gave the lowest percentage of potassium in leaves, reaching 4.240%, and the cultivar Amarah gave the lowest percentage of sodium in the leaves, reaching 2.218%.Where the Mosul cultivar (Abu Akaf) gave the lowest average of potassium to sodium ratio in the leaves when it reached 1.209%).
The Effect of Spraying with Benzyle Adnin and Marine Alga Extract (Algazone) in Improving the Phenotypic Properties of Green Landscap
Authors: Ahmed M. S H. , Hamad A. H. , saleh S. N. , Al-Shaheen M. R. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The experiment was conducted in the fields affiliated to the College of Agriculture - University of Anbar from 1/2/2018 until 30/1/2020 with the aim of studying the response of green landscap to the effect of spraying the benzyl adenine and algae extract through a mixture of herbs for hot and cold areas. The factorial experiment was conducted according to the random Complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates, including Benzyl adenine (BA) at a concentration of (0, 5, 10 and 15) mg−1 liter and algae extract (0, 0.5, 1 and 2) ml liter−1. The results showed a significant increase in the concentration of 15 mg−1 liter−1 in (BA) in increasing the plant density and the number of branches, also reducing the number of shear times reached 44.58 dcm plants2, 9.94 branches. Plant−1 and 6.58 shear), as well as an increase in the susceptibility of run over for the three seasons, summer, autumn and winter with a degree of 3.39, 2.97 and 3.09, in respectively. The same concentration recorded a significantly increased in the color and quality (homogeneity) for the green area for the three seasons, grades were (7.75 and 7.66) for the summer season, (6.95 and 6.89) autumn, 7.29 and 7. 37 in the winter, respectively. The spraying of algae extract with the concentration of 2 ml −1 resulted a significant increase in the plant density was 45.16 dcm plants2, the number of cuts was 9.50 shear. The same concentration increased the degree and the quality of color (homogeneity) for the flat green to the three seasons (7.70, 7.75) degree of summer (7.00, 6.93) degree of autumn (7.39, 7.41) degree of winter respectively.
Response Broccoli to Chemical Fertilizers and Zinc Sulfate Spraying on Growth and Yield
Authors: Al-Bayati H.J.M. , Ibraheem A. A.M. A. F. F. R. , Al-Chalabi A. T. M. , Alela W. B.M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Field experiment was conducted in the vegetable field / Department of Horticulture and Land scape / College of Agriculture and Forestry / University of Mosul__during 2019-2020 agricultural season to study the effect of two factors. First: Spraying with zinc sulfate at a concentration of 300 mg. L−1 and without spraying (control). Second factor: Four levels of chemical fertilizer N15P15K15 (0, 150, 300 and 450) kg. ha−1 on broccoli plants Hot Bro variety. The experiment conducted in a Split – plot system arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD).Main plots included fertilization levels while sub plots included zinc spraying treatments. The results can be summarized as follows: The zinc spraying and level 450 kg. ha−1 fertilization kg. ha−1 was significantly superior in the plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area, circumference and weight of head, number of lateral heads, plant yield and total yield of heads, as compared to control treatment. The interaction between 450 kg. ha−1 of NPK chemical fertilizer and zinc spraying was superior in all above studied traits.
Estimation of DREB Gene Expression in Wheat Genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) Introduced to Anbar Governorate Under Water Stress
Authors: Mansoor M. L. , Al-Issawi M. H. , Mhmood J. N. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Wheat crop is known as one of the domesticated crops and the second-largest crop in the world where cultivated in arid and semi-arid environments. A Field experiment was conducted in Hit city/Qnan region, Anbar governorate that located west of Iraq, during the winter season of 2019/2020 in order to estimate gene expression of 24 wheat genotypes under drought conditions. The experiment included two treatments, the first is wheat genotypes and drought treatment (droughted and Irrigated). A split-plot arrangement in Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) with three replications was used in this experiment where drought treatments occupied the main plots while genotypes were put in the subplots. The results showed that the genotypes responded differently to the treatments according to the measured traits most prominent genotype was 43 which recorded a high expression of DREB 1A gene (221.88-fold) followed by genotypes 39, 24, 6, 28, 25, and 20 at drought treatment. Genotype 6 showed superiority in plant height of 94.78 and 93.39 where the mean did not affect by the interaction of both treatments on the trait, also recorded the highest average for NGS trait around 57.48 grain. spike−1, followed by genotypes 43 gave 56.57 grain. spike−1which also was superior in flag leaf area with high average 35.62 cm2. For the dry weight trait, genotype 29 superior and recorded 666.66 g. m−2. While the genotypes (18, and Al-diyar) were superiors in TGW trait with a higher average attained 56.65, and 55.77 g, respectively. The genotypes did not differ significantly in GY although the genotype 3 and 29 recorded higher mean for GY with 7.39 and 7.29ton ha−1.