bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Key metabolic pathways involved in seed primary physiological dormancy maintenance of Korean pine seed
Authors: Song Yuan , Gao Xiaoye 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTThe metabolic changes that occurred during either cold stratification or after-ripen treatment, and in both dormant seeds and after-ripened seeds either under the dry state or during imbibition have been extensively explored. Much less is known about those present in both dormant seeds and cold stratified seeds during the same period of incubation under favorable germination conditions. Metabolite composition was investigated in both embryo and megagametophyte of primary physiological dormant seeds (PPDS) ofPinus Koreansiscollected at 0 week, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 6 weeks of incubation, and of cold stratified seeds with released primary physiological dormancy (RPPDS) sampled at 0 week and 1 week of incubation, seed coat rupture stage and radicle protrusion stage. Embryo contained higher levels of most metabolites compared to megagametophyte. Strong metabolic changes occurred at 1 week and 4 weeks of incubation in PPDS, with most metabolites were significantly accumulated in 4-weeks-incubated PPDS. A larger metabolic switch was found in RPPDS between 1-week-incubation and seed coat rupture stage. Especially, there was a significant major decrease in the relative levels of most phosphorylated sugars and amino acids. The carbohydrate metabolism, especially pentose phosphate pathway and tricarboxylic acid cycle were more active pathways in the embryos of 4-weeks-incubated PPDS, but the operation rate of most amino acid metabolism was lower compared to 1-week-incubated RPPDS. We suggest that a larger metabolic switch in the embryo of PPDS after 4 weeks of incubation may assist in maintaining primary dormancy.One-sentence summaryA larger metabolic switch in dormant seeds after 4 weeks of incubation under favorable conditions for germination may maintain primary physiological dormancy of Korean pine seeds.
A novel rubi-like virus in the Pacific electric ray (Tetronarce californica) reveals the complex evolutionary history of theMatonaviridae
Authors: Grimwood Rebecca M. , Holmes Edward C. , Geoghegan Jemma L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRubella virus(RuV) is the causative agent of rubella (“German measles”) and remains a global health concern. Until recently, RuV was the only known member of the genusRubivirusand the only virus species classified within theMatonaviridaefamily of positive-sense RNA viruses. Other matonaviruses, including two new rubella-like viruses,Rustrela virusandRuhugu virus, have been identified in several mammalian species, along with more divergent viruses in fish and reptiles. To screen for the presence of additional novel rubella-like viruses we mined published transcriptome data using genome sequences fromRubella, Rustrela, andRuhugu virusesas baits. From this, we identified a novel rubella-like virus in a transcriptome ofTetronarce californica(Pacific electric ray) that is more closely related to mammalianRustrela virusthan to the divergent fish matonavirus and indicative of a complex pattern of cross-species virus transmission. Analysis of host reads confirmed that the sample analysed was indeed from a Pacific electric ray, and two other viruses identified in this animal, from theArenaviridaeandReoviridae, grouped with other fish viruses. These findings indicate that the evolutionary history of theMatonaviridaeis more complex than previously thought and highlights the vast number of viruses still to be discovered.
Emergence of corporate political activities in the guise of social responsibility: dispatches from a developing economy
Authors: Siddiqui Javed , Mehjabeen Melita , Stapleton Pamela 
Published: February 2021

PurposeThe objective of this paper is to investigate the emergence of corporate political activities (CPAs) in the form of social responsibility in the banking sector in Bangladesh. The use of institutional logics allows the authors to explore not only the motivations underlying this sudden shift in corporate approach towards corporate social reporting (CSR) disclosure but also to investigate whether a logical plurality exists in this new approach.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis is based on 21 in-depth interviews with policymakers, regulatory bodies and top management and members of boards of directors in the banking sector.FindingsThe findings of this study are both consistent with and different to those of Uddinet al.(2018). While their findings show that Bangladeshi companies engage in CSR activities primarily to demonstrate their allegiance with the ruling political regime driven by notions of traditionalism, this study’s findings show the existence of a logical pluralism across industries in the manner they engage with CSR activities and disclosures. In addition to the dominant market logic, the authors also find the co-existence of community and family logics shaping the nature of CSR disclosures made by banking companies in Bangladesh.Originality/valueThe authors contribute to the accounting and management literature by providing first-hand evidence of the motivations underlying the emergence of CPAs in the context of a developing country. The adoption of an alternative theoretical framework allows the authors to identify the multiple logics that dictate corporate attitude towards CSR engagement and disclosure.
E-farming management system using data mining techniques
Authors: Kaviarasan S. , Vanitha M. 
Published: February 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to help farmers and get to sale the products in profit way.Design/methodology/approachThe project is developed using visual studio code front end, and back end is developed by SQl server configuration.FindingsThe user friendly website to farmers: they can sell the products to customer in direct relationship in efficient manner.Originality/valueThis is the website developed to help farmers which is a good idea to help farmers and increase productivity and profit earning methodology.
Interpreting the industry 4.0 future: technology, business, society and people
Authors: Schiele Holger , Bos-Nehles Anna , Delke Vincent , Stegmaier Peter , Torn Robbert-Jan 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
Industrial revolutions have been induced by technological advances, but fundamentally changed business and society. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the fourth industrial revolution (I4.0) and derive guidelines for business strategy, it is, therefore, necessary to explore it as a multi-facet phenomenon. Most literature on I4.0, however, takes up a predominantly technical view. This paper aims to report on a project discussing a holistic view on I4.0 and its implications, covering technology, business, society and people.

Design/methodology/approach
Two consecutive group discussions in form of academic world cafés have been conducted. The first workshop gathered multi-disciplinary experts from academia, whose results were further validated in a subsequent workshop including industry representatives. A voting procedure was used to capture participants perspectives.

Findings
The paper develops a holistic I4.0 vision, focusing on five core technologies, their business potential, societal requests and people implications. Based on the model a checklist has been developed, which firms can use a tool to analyze their firm’s situation and draft their industry 4.0 business strategy.

Originality/value
Rather than focusing on technology alone – which by itself is unlikely to make up for a revolution – this research integrates the entire system. In this way, a tool-set for strategy design results.
A methodology for enterprise-wide risk assessment in small banks and credit union
Authors: Duncan Philippa 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to provide an easy to follow, practical guide for small traditional banks and credit unions to conduct an enterprise-wide risk assessment of the financial institution’s anti-money laundering compliance program.

Design/methodology/approach
Information was collected from relevant documents published by global standard setters in the disciplines of anti-money laundering, financial crime prevention and risk management. The data was integrated with common challenges experienced by small financial institutions to produce an application-based guide that practitioners can readily implement.

Findings
Though not a new concept, macro-level financial crises and institutional level financial crimes have influenced the rapid evolution of risk management in financial institutions over the past three decades. Small unsophisticated banks and credit unions are expected to now perform an internal risk assessment. An abundance of information is available on risk assessment, but small institutions remain challenged in finding a turnkey document that is readily actionable to stimulate a less arduous undertaking, especially given the institutions’ limited resources.

Research limitations/implications
The setting reflects small deposit-taking institutions with traditional services. It is tailored for easy understanding and practical use by the institutions.

Originality/value
This could influence small institutions to conduct enterprise-wide risk assessments and formulate and use more specific risk management policies.
Modeling of functionally graded materials to estimate effective thermo-mechanical properties
Authors: Madan Royal , Bhowmick Shubhankar 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
Functionally graded materials are a special class of composites in which material are graded either continuously or layered wise depending upon its applications. With such variations of materials, the properties of structure vary either lengthwise or thickness wise. This paper aims to investigate models for effective estimation of material properties, as it is necessary for industries to identify the properties of composites or functionally graded materials (FGM’s) before manufacturing and also to develop novel material combinations.

Design/methodology/approach
Available models were compared for different material combinations and tested with experimental data for properties such as Young’s modulus, density, coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and thermal conductivity. Combinations of metal–ceramic and metal–metal were selected such that their ratios cover a wide range of materials.

Findings
This study reveals different models will be required depending on the material used and properties to be identified.

Practical implications
The results of the present work will help researchers in the effective modeling of composites or FGM’s for any analysis.

Originality/value
This paper presents a comparison and review of various analytical methods with experimental data graphically to find out the best suitable method. For the first time, the Halpin-Tsai model was extended in the analysis of the CTE which shows good approximations.
Excellent response to secukinumab in an infant with severe generalized pustular psoriasis
Authors: López‐Sánchez Cristina , Falla Lina María , Roé‐Crespo Esther , Arostegui Juan Ignacio , Mozos Ana , Bernal Sara , Iznardo Helena , Baselga‐Torres Eulalia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGeneralized pustular psoriasis (GPP) represents the rarest form of psoriasis, which may be potentially fatal. In the last decade, (likely) pathogenic variants in the IL36RN, CARD14 and AP1S3 genes have been associated with monogenic GPP forms. Despite these advances, the genetic basis of most patients with GPP remains unidentified. Treatment of GPP patients is often difficult, with no consensus about the best available options to date. We report herein an infant with severe GPP in whom the disease started at the age of 2 months. Genetic investigations identified a heterozygous pathogenic variant in the IL36RN gene associated with a heterozygous variant of uncertain significance in the CARD14 gene. After previous treatment failures with acitretin, cyclosporin and anakinra, treatment with the interleukin‐17 antagonist secukinumab resulted in a dramatic and prompt positive response that persisted at 12‐month follow up. According to our experience, we believe secukinumab can be an effective and safe treatment for pediatric patients with GPP even before 1 year of age.
Vulvar hidradenitis suppurativa: Clinical cross‐sectional study of 25 patients
Authors: López‐Llunell Cristina , Romaní Jorge , Garbayo‐Salmons Patricia , Agut‐Busquet Eugènia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) involving the vulva is seldom reported in the gynecological or dermatological literature. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of HS with vulvar affectation (VHS) and to compare it with patients without vulvar involvement. A cross‐sectional study was conducted in a tertiary academic referral centre in Spain from May 1, 2015 to October 1, 2019. This study included 230 women with HS diagnosed in our hospital, 25 of them had vulvar involvement. In order to clinically characterize patients, demographic factors, comorbidities, clinical features, prescribed treatments and complications were recorded. The VHS group presented later median age of onset and lower body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.048), they mainly belonged to latent class 2 (LC2) and LC3 phenotypes involving groins, perineal and pubic area. A higher incidence of psychiatric disease was found in VHS (32% vs 10.7%). Significant positive association with fistula (P < 0.001), LC2 phenotype (P = 0.014), acne (P = 0.021) and thyroid disease (P = 0.006), and negative association with axillar lesions (P = 0.001) were noted. Ultrasonographical study of vulvar lesions demonstrated that most of them were fistulas with high Doppler signal suggestive of high inflammatory load. In conclusion, VHS is mostly seen in women with later onset and lower BMI and higher incidence of psychiatric disease compared to those without vulvar involvement. It is clinically characterized by the presence of fistulas and barely absent axillary involvement. Early diagnosis and treatment could be essential to prevent complications and quality of life impairment.
Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor‐related bullous pemphigoid: A comparative study of 100 patients with bullous pemphigoid and diabetes mellitus
Authors: Chanprapaph Kumutnart , Pratumchart Nathathai , Limtong Preeyachat , Rutnin Suthinee , Sukasem Chonlaphat , Kungvalpivat Pintusorn , Triamchaisri Siripich , Suchonwanit Poonkiat 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor (DPP4i)‐associated bullous pemphigoid (BP) has been emerging but whether it has genotype or phenotype differences from idiopathic BP (IBP) remains to be determined. We aimed to compare clinical characteristics, genetic susceptibility, laboratory features, disease activity, and outcomes between DPP4i‐associated BP (DBP) and IBP occurring among patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM). Medical records of patients diagnosed with BP and T2DM from January 2009 to December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed, and patients were categorized into DBP or IBP groups. Of 100 patients, 23 had DBP and 77 had IBP. There was no difference in the Bullous Pemphigoid Disease Activity Index score between the two groups; however, the score for urticaria and erythema was less in DBP (p < 0.001), indicating a non‐inflammatory phenotype. The HLA‐DQB1*03:01 allele was more commonly present in the DBP than IBP cases (odds ratio = 5.33 [95% confidence interval, 1.11–28.59],p = 0.016). The absolute eosinophil count was significantly lower in the DBP group (p = 0.002). Likewise, eosinophilic spongiosis was found less frequently in DBP cases (p = 0.005). Patients in the DBP group had a significantly higher percentage of complete remission on therapy compared to the IBP counterpart (p = 0.026) after DPP4i discontinuation. Moreover, the mean maximum dosage of prednisolone administrated per patient was significantly lower in drug‐related cases (p = 0.012). In conclusion, our cohort in Thai patients with T2DM confirms the differences between phenotype and genotype characteristics of DBP and IBP. We emphasize the importance of drug discontinuation in all DPP4i‐related cases because doing so may lead to a better disease outcome.
A gradient‐based Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm for elastic pre‐stack inversion with data and model space reduction
Authors: Aleardi Mattia 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTThe main challenge of Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling is to define a proposal distribution that simultaneously is a good approximation of the posterior probability while being inexpensive to manipulate. We present a gradient‐based Markov chain Monte Carlo inversion of pre‐stack seismic data in which the posterior sampling is accelerated by defining a proposal that is a local, Gaussian approximation of the posterior model, while a non‐parametric prior is assumed for the distribution of the elastic properties. The proposal is constructed from the local Hessian and gradient information of the log posterior, whereas the non‐linear, exact Zoeppritz equations constitute the forward modelling engine for the inversion procedure. Hessian and gradient information is made computationally tractable by a reduction of data and model spaces through a discrete cosine transform reparameterization. This reparameterization acts as a regularization operator in the model space, while also preserving the spatial and temporal continuity of the elastic properties in the sampled models. We test the implemented algorithm on synthetic pre‐stack inversions under different signal‐to‐noise ratios in the observed data. We also compare the results provided by the presented method when a computationally expensive (but accurate) finite‐difference scheme is used for the Jacobian computation, with those obtained when the Jacobian is derived from the linearization of the exact Zoeppritz equations. The outcomes of the proposed approach are also compared against those yielded by a gradient‐free Monte Carlo sampling and by a deterministic least‐squares inversion. Our tests demonstrate that the gradient‐based sampling reaches accurate uncertainty estimations with a much lower computational effort than the gradient‐free approach.
The impact of political representation on the provision of public goods and services
Authors: Athias Diloá , Schneider Rodrigo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the impact of political representation in Congress in Brazil on the local provision of public goods and services. Relying on a fixed effects model, plus the fact that the electoral system generates some random variation in the political representation across terms and municipalities, we find a positive and significant effect of political representation on health and school outcomes. For instance, in health, the results indicate that one additional seat in Congress representing a municipality decreases the share of low birth weight newborns by 0.06 percentage points. When looking at school outcomes, the share of schools with access to the Internet increases by 0.63 percentage points. Moreover, the results suggest that ‘pork‐barrel’ politics is one potential mechanism explaining this improvement in the provision of public goods and services.
Demand for Imported versus Domestic Fish in Nigeria
Authors: Liverpool‐Tasie Lenis Saweda O. , Sanou Awa , Reardon Thomas , Belton Ben 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFish is among the most important animal‐sourced foods in Africa and is crucial in combatting malnutrition. Fish demand in Africa has far outpaced supply as the import share rose from 16% in 1970 to 39% by 2017. Little is known about who is consuming the imports: rural versus urban, rich versus poor. This is the first fish consumption analysis in Africa distinguishing imported and domestic fish, and within domestic fish, fresh versus traditional‐processed. We analyse three rounds of nationally representative data from Nigeria, disaggregating the richer South from the poorer North, and urban and rural. Frozen (imported) fish accounted for 34% of urban fish consumption in the North (23% for rural), compared with 67% in urban areas in the South (54% for rural). The large difference in frozen fish consumption between regions is due mainly to differences in income and refrigerator ownership. For other fish forms (fresh, dried, smoked), regional differences are far less pronounced. Income and price elasticities confirm that imported fish have become deeply incorporated into fish consumption habits. From a policy perspective, this intensifies concerns about import bills as fish demand grows. However, our elasticity results show that Nigerian consumers are keen to consume fresh fish as incomes increase, and that demand for smoked and dried fish also remains strong at high levels of income. Promoting aquaculture is a promising policy path to reduce import dependence. Domestic capture fisheries remain a major source of fish, making it important to maintain productivity at sustainable levels through better management.
Next‐generation osteometric sorting: Using 3D shape, elliptical Fourier analysis, and Hausdorff distance to optimize osteological pair‐matching
Authors: Fancourt Hayley S. M. , Lynch Jeffrey J. , Byrd John E. , Stephan Carl N. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDetermining which bilateral bones belong to the same person based on shape and size similarity is called pair‐matching and it is instrumental for sorting commingled skeletons. To date, pair‐matching has popularly been accomplished by visual inspection and/or linear caliper measurements; however, attention is turning increasingly to computational analysis. In this paper, we investigate a fast three‐dimensional (3D) computerized shape‐analysis method for whole‐bone pair‐matching using a test sample of 14 individuals (23 femora, 26 humeri, and 26 tibiae). Specifically, the method aims to find bilateral pairs using, as the shape signature criterion, a single 3D outline that snakes around each bone's perimeter as described by a 3D elliptical Fourier analysis function. This permits substantial 3D‐point‐cloud data reduction, that is, to 0.02% of the starting c.500,000 point cloud or just 100 points, while preserving key 3D shape information. The mean Hausdorff distance (Hd) was applied to measure the distance between each mirrored right‐side outline to every left‐side outline in pairwise fashion (132, 168 and 169 comparisons, respectively). Both thresholds and lowest Hd were investigated as pair‐match criteria, with the lowest Hd producing the best performance results for searches jointly utilizing right‐left and left‐right directions for comparison: true positive rates of 1.00 (10/10), 1.00 (12/12), and 0.92 (11/12) for the femora, humeri, and tibiae, respectively. The computational time to calculate 469 pairwise 3D comparisons on a single stock‐standard Intel® Core™ i7‐4650U CPU @ 1.70 GHz was 5 s. This short data processing time makes the method viable for real‐world application.