bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Munculnya Muluk At Thawaif dan Runtuhnya Islam di Spanyol
Authors: Zulfan Zulfan 
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini membahas tentang awal dari kemunculan muluk at thawaif atau kerajaan - kerajaan kecil di Andalusia atau yang sekarang lebih dikenal dengan Spanyol yang menjadi salah satu penyebab runtuhnya islam di negara tersebut. Penulis memakai metode Library Research dengan mencari dan mengumpulkan data dan bahan serta sumber yang sesuai dengan topik pembahasan penelitian untuk mengetahui beberapa peristiwa sejarah peradaban islam dimasa yang lalu. Dari hasil penelitian, Peneliti menemukan data tentang bagaimana awal mula islam masuk ke spanyol. Masuknya islam ke spanyol sangat mempengaruhi peradaban dan perkembangan negara tersebut. Dimana islam pernah meraih masa kejayaannya yang menjadikan negara tersebut sebagai pusat Pendidikan islam yang maju baik dibidang sains, filsafat, agama, kesenian, arsitektur dan sebagainya. Namun setelah beberapa abad lamanya islam menguasai negara tersebut. terjadi pertikaian dan perebutan kekuasaan bertepatan pula dengan melemahnya kepemerintahan yang menyebabkan munculnya muluk at thawaif atau kerajaan – kerajaan kecil yang saling bertikai, kerajaan yang kuat memerangi kerajaan yang lemah, bahkan Sebagian kerajaan tersebut ada yang meminta bantuan kepada kerajaan Kristen. Hingga kerajaan Kristen memanfaatkan kesempatan tersebut untuk memerangi dan merutuhkan satu persatu, kerajaan – kerajaan kecil tersebut. Hingga tinggallah kerajaan Granada sebagai kerajaan terakhir pemerintahan islam, yang pada akhirnya Granada pun runtuh akibat penghianatan yang dilakukan oleh Kerajaan Kristen dengan bersatunya Kerajaan Castilla dan Kerajaan Aragon untuk merutuhkan islam sepenuhnya.
Peran Guru Akidah Akhlak Dalam Mengatasi Prilaku Bullying di MTsS Nurul Falah Kabupaten Aceh Barat
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad , Hamifah Ummu 
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji bentuk bullying di MTsS Nurul Farah dan peran guru Aqidah Akhlaq dalam mengatasinya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan subjek terdiri dari kepala madrasah, guru dan siswa. Penelitian yang dilakukan di MTsS Nurul Farah ini menunjukkan berbagai bentuk perundungan, diantaranya perundungan secara verbal terhadap teman dengan panggilan khusus, dan ejekan atau meremehkan kekurangan fisik dan intelektual seseorang terjadi di lingkungan sekolah MTsS Nurul Farah. Dalam hal ini, perlu peran aktif dari semua pihak untuk mengantisipasi terjadinya perundungan di sekolah. Guru Akidah Akhlak juga dapat berperan dalam mencegah terjadinya perundungan. Guru Akidah Akhlak harus hadir sebagai memberi semangat kepada para pendidik, guru, dapat berperan sebagai motivator, sumber belajar, fasilitator, demonstran, pembimbing, dan evaluator bagi murid-muridnya. Guru Akidah Akhlak juga dapat memberikan nasehat dan peringatan kepada siswa untuk menjaga tata krama dan tata krama yang baik terhadap guru dan teman sekelasnya dengan cara berbicara yang baik dan berperilaku sopan. Terakhir, guru Akidah Akhlak juga dapat memberikan bimbingan dan kontrol dalam penerapan Akhlakul karimah agar siswa terhindar dari perbuatan yang dilarang agama
Pendampingan Hukum Kepada Masyarakat Kurang Mampu Terhadap Perkara Waris
Authors: Hidayat Rahmad , Salahuddin  , Rizkal  , Haikal Muhammad , Furda Yani Prihatina Eka , Fitria  , Sari Dian Rahmita , Maulana M. Rian , Syuhada Iqbal 
Published: December 2024

Hukum waris merupakan salah satu bagian dari hukum perdata Indonesia. Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI), ketentuan kewarisan diatur dalam buku II yaitu mulai dari Pasal 171 sampai dengan Pasal 193permasalahan waris sering menimbulkan konflik dalam keluarga. Oleh karena itu, Pendampingan hukum secara Cuma-Cuma sangat dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat kurang mampu. Metode pengabdian yang digunakan adalah metode PAR (Participatory Action Research), dengan 4 tahapan yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, evaluasi, dan refleksi. Pendampingan Hukum ini bertujuan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan pembagian warisan secara non-litigasi warga Desa Ie Masen Kayee Adang Kecamatan Syiah Kuala Kota Banda Aceh agar dapat diselesaikan dengan baik serta berkepastian hukum tanpa menimbulkan konflik. Hasil dari pengabdian/pendampingan ini yaitu mempermudah penyelesaian permasalahan hukum waris yang dapat diselesaikan secara non-litigasi karena dengan adanya kolaborasi tersebut memudahkan bagi para pihak yang akan membagi warisannya tersebut bertanya dan memohon bantuan secara Cuma-Cuma/gratis serta dapat memperoleh pengetahuan hukum pembagian warisan tersebut hingga memperoleh kekuatan hukum.
Tadris Ramadhan membangun Karakter Anak Bersama Al-Quran (Kolaborasi Pengabdian Masyarakat STAI Nusantara dan Badan Kemakmuran Mesjid Tibang Kota Banda Aceh)
Authors: Zulkifli Muhammad Yusuf , Muttaqin Reza , Jamaluddin  , Rahman Mulia , Muslem  , Suzanni  , Sapparipin  , Jamal Zaini Indra , Barat Nadi , Nurhasanah  
Published: December 2024

Karakter merupakan, sifat, sikap atau kebiasaan yang mendarah daging. tidak dapat dibentuk dari kebiasaan. Pada saat yang sama, kebiasaan itu sendiri hanyalah buah dari pemikiran manusia. Dari semula, manusia mengembangkan kebiasaan-kebiasaan tertentu, namun dalam perkembangan selanjutnya, manusia dibentuk menurut kebiasaannya sendiri. Artikel ini berfokus pada pembentukan karakter pada anak melalui metode pembacaan Al-Qur'an melalui tadris ramadhan. Metode ini dipilih karena cerita-cerita Al-Quran mengandung hikmah yang mudah diserap oleh anak-anak sehingga dapat mempengaruhi pola pikir yang berujung pada perubahan kebiasaan kemudian mengubah pola pikir dan kebiasaan sehingga anak menjadi generasi Al-Qur'an. Proses pengembangan karakter menurut Al-Qur'an meliputi identifikasi karakter, pemahaman, penerapan, pembiasaan, penanaman, penyerapan. Melalui pendidikan karakter ini diharapkan akan lahir manusia yang mempunyai kebebasan menentukan pilihannya sendiri tanpa paksaan dan penuh rasa tanggung jawab. Yakni manusia yang mandiri, dinamis, kreatif, inovatif dan bertanggung jawab terhadap Tuhan, diri sendiri, umat, masyarakat, bangsa dan negara.
Revisiting Kenya’s Diplomatic Complexity: Policy Strategies and the Recognition Conundrum of Israel During Cold War Transformative Shifts (1978-1990).
Authors: Mabeya Danvas 
Published: December 2024

This study explores Kenya's foreign policy landscape during the Cold War era. It specifically examines the challenges faced in recognizing Israel from 1978 to 1990. By examining the geopolitical shifts of that period, this research offers valuable perspectives on the factors shaping Kenya's position on this important global issue.
The study explores the shifts in Kenya's viewpoint towards Israel during President Daniel Arap Moi's tenure by examining the elements and influences that molded Kenya's foreign policy choices rooted in interests and personal drives at the time frame. It raises inquiries about whether Kenya's commitment to peace and security influenced its foreign policy tactics and decisions while also reflecting on how external events and strategic reasoning in regional security landscapes could have influenced any discrepancies in Kenya's approach.
The study delves into the exploration of how Kenya developed and implemented its policy towards Israel during that period by analyzing how Kenya harmonized the demands of solidarity groups such as the Non-Aligned Movement with systemic factors in play at the time frame specified. The key inquiry focuses on how Kenya managed the conflicting priorities of solidarity movements such as the Non-Aligned movement while also dealing with geopolitical and systemic influences that shaped its choices regarding recognizing Israel from 1978 to 1990.
A Casual Affair: History, the Present, and the Forgotten Analysis of Human Trafficking in an Era of Globalization
Authors: Kurkin Elizabeth 
Published: December 2024

In the midst of the 21st-century, nations have become more connected on an international level. This connection flourishes with the rise of trade that facilitates the movement of goods, information, services, cultures, and people. A surge in trading highlights the success and dependence on a global economy that conducts itself according to western principles of capitalism. However, the ability to trade on an international scale has created a multitude of problems within a nation, yet a common predicament for many of these nations is the alarming growth rate of human trafficking. This multidimensional phenomenon divides into three main categories: sex, labour, and organ trafficking. The examination of human trafficking requires an acknowledgment that within these subcategories they all utilize different industries within society to sustain profits in a capitalist-oriented market. Despite the abundance of complications, this study addresses how these industries exploit vulnerable populations within a nation with respect to the unique intersectional factors that institutionalize their level of vulnerability.
Nitric Oxide Synthase Immunoreactivity in the Rat Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus
Authors: Ivanov Andrey , Atanasova Dimitrinka , Lazarov Nikolai 
Published: December 2024

The spinal trigeminal nucleus (SpV) is involved in the transmission of nociceptive information from the orofacial region. This study investigates nitric oxide synthase (NOS) immunohistochemical staining and conducts statistical data analysis within the three subnuclei of the SpV in rats. Our immunohistochemistry study revealed that the SpV has a high expression of nNOS, with immunostaining mostly seen in the perikarya and nerve processes of some neurons. Furthermore, we found that glial cells in the nucleus surrounding blood vessels display a significant nNOS immunohistochemical staining. NOS-immunopositive neurons had small cell bodies. Strong staining is also evident in their processes. NOS-immunoreactive neuronal processes encircled a significant amount of blood vessels. There were statistically significant variations in the nNOS expression between the SpV subnuclei. In particular, the caudal subnucleus exhibited the greatest expression, followed by the interpolar subnucleus, and the oral subnucleus showed the lowest expression. Remarkably, there was no discernible variation in the expression of nNOS in the interpolar and oral regions of the SpV. We suggest that NO can act as a neurotransmitter in increasing nociceptive stimuli in the SpV.
Parma wallabies: a history of translocations and reintroductions
Authors: Kalsia Samaa , Edwards Melanie , Wilson George 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
The Parma wallaby Notamacropus parma has an unusual status, being both classified as Near Threatened in Australia yet subject to pest control in areas where it has been introduced. Until 1966, the species was believed to be extinct. In that year, it was confirmed as one of the abundant wallabies on Kawau Island, Aotearoa New Zealand where they had been introduced a century before. N. parma is patchily distributed at low densities in moist forests along the Great Dividing Range in northern New South Wales. It is a Critical Weight Range macropod subject to predation from introduced carnivores. In fox-free New Zealand, the species has thrived both on Kawau Island and to a lesser extent near Rotorua, despite attempts to eradicate all introduced wallabies. Reintroductions to unoccupied environments in the wild in Australia have so far been unsuccessful, predators wiped out small populations within three months. By contrast N. parma have thrived in predator-free enclosures in moist environments at elevation at Yengo, Mt Wilson and Barrington Tops, NSW. Eradication of N. parma from New Zealand is underway. This review explores the status of N. parma populations, their natural history, the history of translocations, current zoo and wildlife sanctuary holdings in Australia and across the globe. It discusses the importance of safe havens and other management prescriptions.
Selection of the Best Performing Media for the Growth and Development of Cordyceps militaris Mycelia
Authors: Vardhan Shubhranshu , Parihar Aruna , Kushwaha KPS , Arora Sandeep 
Published: December 2024

Since ages, the genus Cordyceps has been used as a medicinal fungus for augmenting endurance, longevity and vitality. This fungus commands a high commercial value due to scarcity in its availability and high global market demand. In the present investigations different defined media viz, agar, optimised nutrient broth, chitosan + malt extract agar, chitosan + agar + optimised nutrient broth, Kenknights and Munnaiers, malt extract agar, malt extract agar + optimised nutrient broth, oat meal agar, rice extract agar, rice extract agar + optimised nutrient broth and rose bengal agar have been used to identify the optimal media supporting the growth of Cordyceps militaris mycelia. After 14-days of culture, chitosan + agar + optimised nutrient broth, Kenknights and Munnaiers media, oat meal agar media and rice extract agar media recorded better mycelial growth, in comparison to agar, that was used as control. Maximal mycelial growth was recorded on Kenknights and Munnaiers media, with a 20% higher growth than the agar media. Even after 21 days of culture, Kenknights and Munnaiers media recorded best growth characteristics with a 25% higher mycelial growth. It was also recorded that the mycelial growth rate on Kenknights and Munnaiers media was highest on the 14th day, in comparison to 7th and 21st day after inoculation. Thus, our results provide valuable scientific information towards in-vitro culture of Cordyceps with optimal growth dynamics, for sustaining market demand of this important mushroom.
Predicting Bubble Point Pressure and Gas-Oil Ratio PVT Properties Using Bagging Ensemble Techniques
Authors: Isemin Isemin A. , Akinsete Oluwatosin O. 
Published: December 2024

An enhanced accurate predictive model has been developed for the estimation of reservoir oil Pressure-Volume-Temperature (PVT) properties of Bubble Point Pressure (BPP) and Gas-Oil Ratio (GOR) using Bagging Ensemble machine learning. To develop the Bagging ensemble (BE) model, three different estimators, Decision Tree Regressor, Random Forest Regressor, and Extra Trees Regressor, were used as the base estimators. An averaging method to finally predict the model performance was done using a voting regressor to fit the base estimators. Hyper-parameter tunings for optimization were determined using cross-validation grid search and the implementation of Bagging ensemble described. The ensemble methods were compared with those developed using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and some selected empirical correlations. Their performances were evaluated using Average Absolute Percentage Relative Error (AAPRE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and graphical cross-plot error analysis Correlation Coefficient (R2). Result showed improved performances, notably the R2 for BPP, the BE is 96.6%, ANN is 89.04%, and the best empirical model is 88.1%. For the GOR, the R2 for BE and ANN are 94.1% and 89.0%, respectively while best empirical model is 88.1%.
Prevalence of musculoskeletal discomfort among female cabin crew in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Pin-Hsuan , Liu Xueqian , Dong Lili , Rau Pei-Luen Patrick 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
This study investigated the prevalence of musculoskeletal discomfort among female cabin crew through cabin tasks and demographic factors, including age and seniority.

Methods
This study conducted an online questionnaire survey targeted at female cabin crew in Taiwan and ensured that the sample size was with a statistical power of 0.95. This study evaluated the work intensity by ranking six common cabin tasks and examined musculoskeletal discomfort with Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to learn the work intensity and discomfort conditions. In addition, the Chi-square test of independence and multivariate adjustment were applied to clarify the impact of age and occupation on musculoskeletal discomfort in the neck, shoulders, and lower back.

Results
This study enrolled 88 female cabin crew members. Handling carry-on baggage was voted as the highest intensity cabin task (40%), which was also ranked as the strongest intensity on shoulders. Meanwhile, the upper trunk was more prevalent in musculoskeletal discomfort. Moreover, after multivariate adjustment with controlling the effect of age, this study found a marginal significant association (p = .09) between seniority and right shoulder discomfort for younger staff.

Conclusion
This study found that handling carry-on baggage was associated with musculoskeletal complaints in the shoulders. Therefore, this study suggested that shoulders, especially for the right side might be related to the occupational injury, which was prevalent along with seniority among the younger crew. Overall, this study provided the preliminary findings to improve occupational training for preventive health.
Solid Electrolyte with Oxidation Tolerance Provides a High‐Capacity Li2S‐Based Positive Electrode for All‐Solid‐State Li/S Batteries
Authors: Hakari Takashi , Fujita Yushi , Deguchi Minako , Kawasaki Yusuke , Otoyama Misae , Yoneda Yohei , Sakuda Atsushi , Tatsumisago Masahiro , Hayashi Akitoshi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe electrochemical window of solid electrolytes (SEs) plays a crucial role in designing active material–SE interfaces in high‐energy‐density all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs). However, the suitable electrochemical window for individual active materials is not yet investigated, as the electrochemical window of SEs is overestimated. In this study, the oxidation onset voltages (OOVs) of several SEs, namely those compatible with Li2S as a high‐capacity positive electrode material are determined. Results reveal that SEs with low OOVs decrease the capacity and increase the interfacial resistance of the corresponding ASSBs. The OOVs of SEs must exceed that of Li2S by more than 0.2 V to achieve high capacity, which in turn depends on SE ionic conductivity. Therefore, an Li2S positive electrode is combined with pseudobinary Li‐oxyacid salts as SEs, exhibiting high OOVs and ionic conductivities, to afford a high‐capacity (500 Wh kg−1) ASSB with high Li2S content.
Flexible, Ultra‐Light, and 3D Designed White‐Light‐Emitting Nanofiber Aerogel
Authors: Qin Zhen , Zhao Shikun , Fang Xiaohui , Zhao Biao , Deng Jianping , Pan Kai 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhite light could be achieved by controlling the energy transfer (ET) of different fluorescent molecules in the donor–acceptor system. However, it is still a huge challenge to inhibit the excessive ET efficiency and achieve a wide range of white‐light‐emitting (WLE) spectrum. In this study, the authors develop a simple and efficient method to prepare a fluorescent nanofiber aerogel (NFA). The 3D nanofiber network is conducive to the uniform dispersion of fluorescent molecules and can effectively inhibit the excessive ET between donor and acceptor. By simply adjusting the mass ratios of blue and orange fluorescent nanofibers in the NFA to 3:2, a uniform white light (0.322,0.305) that covered the entire visible region is obtained. This WLE‐NFA has an ultra‐light volume density of 6.47 mg cm–3 and its quantum yield is up to 27%. In addition, the fluorescent NFA can also be processed into different 3D shapes and integrated luminous patterns through various designs of the freezing mold. This brand‐new fluorescent NFA can overcome the poor plasticity of traditional fluorescent nanofiber films, which is expected to provide a new thought for developing next‐generation flexible WLE materials.
Anti‐BCMA Immuno‐NanoPET Radiotracers for Improved Detection of Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Thomas Eloise , Mathieu Clélia , Moreno‐Gaona Patricia , Mittelheisser Vincent , Lux François , Tillement Olivier , Pivot Xavier , Ghoroghchian Paiman Peter , Detappe Alexandre 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCurrent clinical imaging modalities for the sensitive and specific detection of multiple myeloma (MM) rely on nonspecific imaging contrast agents based on gadolinium chelates for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or for 18F‐FDG‐directed and combined positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) scans. These tracers are not, however, able to detect minute plasma cell populations in the tumor niche, leading to false negative results. Here, a novel PET‐based anti‐BCMA nanoplatform labeled with 64Cu is developed to improve the monitoring of these cells in both the spine and femur and to compare its sensitivity and specificity to more conventional immunoPET (64Cu labeled anti‐BCMA antibody) and passively targeted PET radiotracers (64CuCl2 and 18F‐FDG). This proof‐of‐concept preclinical study confirmed that by conjugating up to four times more radioisotopes per antibody with the immuno‐nanoPET platform, an improvement in the sensitivity and in the specificity of PET to detect tumor cells in an orthotopic model of MM is observed when compared to the traditional immunoPET approach. It is anticipated that when combined with tumor biopsy, this immuno‐nanoPET platform may improve the management of patients with MM.
A Tissue‐Like Soft All‐Hydrogel Battery
Authors: Ye Tingting , Wang Jiacheng , Jiao Yiding , Li Luhe , He Er , Wang Lie , Li Yiran , Yun Yanjing , Li Dan , Lu Jiang , Chen Hao , Li Qianming , Li Fangyan , Gao Rui , Peng Huisheng , Zhang Ye 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo develop wearable and implantable bioelectronics accommodating the dynamic and uneven biological tissues and reducing undesired immune responses, it is critical to adopt batteries with matched mechanical properties with tissues as power sources. However, the batteries available cannot reach the softness of tissues due to the high Young's moduli of components (e.g., metals, carbon materials, conductive polymers, or composite materials). The fabrication of tissue‐like soft batteries thus remains a challenge. Here, the first ultrasoft batteries totally based on hydrogels are reported. The ultrasoft batteries exhibit Young's moduli of 80 kPa, perfectly matching skin and organs (e.g., heart). The high specific capacities of 82 mAh g−1 in all‐hydrogel lithium‐ion batteries and 370 mAh g−1 in all‐hydrogel zinc‐ion batteries at a current density of 0.5 A g−1 are achieved. Both high stability and biocompatibility of the all‐hydrogel batteries have been demonstrated upon the applications of wearable and implantable. This work illuminates a pathway for designing power sources for wearable and implantable electronics with matched mechanical properties.
Super‐Resolution Imaging of Highly Curved Membrane Structures in Giant Vesicles Encapsulating Molecular Condensates
Authors: Zhao Ziliang , Roy Debjit , Steinkühler Jan , Robinson Tom , Lipowsky Reinhard , Dimova Rumiana 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMolecular crowding is an inherent feature of cell interiors. Synthetic cells as provided by giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) encapsulating macromolecules (poly(ethylene glycol) and dextran) represent an excellent mimetic system to study membrane transformations associated with molecular crowding and protein condensation. Similarly to cells, such GUVs exhibit highly curved structures like nanotubes. Upon liquid–liquid phase separation their membrane deforms into apparent kinks at the contact line of the interface between the two aqueous phases. These structures, nanotubes, and kinks, have dimensions below optical resolution. Here, these are studied with super‐resolution stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy facilitated by immobilization in a microfluidic device. The cylindrical nature of the nanotubes based on the superior resolution of STED and automated data analysis is demonstrated. The deduced membrane spontaneous curvature is in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions. Furthermore, the membrane kink‐like structure is resolved as a smoothly curved membrane demonstrating the existence of the intrinsic contact angle, which describes the wettability contrast of the encapsulated phases to the membrane. Resolving these highly curved membrane structures with STED imaging provides important insights in the membrane properties and interactions underlying cellular activities.