bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of COVID-19 Lockdown with Gestational Length and Preterm Birth in China
Authors: Dong Moran , Qian Rui , Wang Jiaqi , Fan Jingjie , Ye Yufeng , Zhou He , Win Brian , Reid Eve , Zheng Suijin , Lv Yanyun , Pu Yudong , Chen Hanwei , Jin Juan , Lin Qingmei , Luo Xiaoyang , Chen Guimin , Chen Yumeng , He Zhongrong , He Guanhao , Cheng Shouzhen , Hu Jianxiong , Xiao Jianpeng , Ma Wenjun , Liu Tao , Wen Xiaozhong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe effects of COVID-19 lockdown measures on maternal and fetal health remain unclear. We examined the associations of COVID-19 lockdown with gestational length and preterm birth (PTB) in a Chinese population.MethodsWe obtained medical records of 595396 singleton live infants born between 2015 and 2020 in 5 cities in Guangdong Province, South China. The exposed group (N=101900) included women who experienced the COVID-19 Level I lockdown (1/23-2/24/2020) during pregnancy, while the unexposed group (N=493496) included women who were pregnant during the same calendar months in 2015-2019. Cumulative exposure was calculated based on days exposed to different levels of emergency responses with different weighting. Generalized linear regression models were applied to estimate the associations of lockdown exposure with gestational length and risk of PTB (<37 weeks).ResultsThe exposed group had a shorter mean gestational length than the unexposed group (38.66 vs 38.74 weeks: adjusted β=-0.06 week [95%CI, -0.07, -0.05 week]). The exposed group also had a higher risk of PTB (5.7% vs 5.3%; adjusted OR=1.08 [95%CI, 1.05, 1.11]). These associations seemed to be stronger when exposure occurred before or during the 23rd gestational week (GW) than during or after the 24th GW. Similarly, higher cumulative lockdown exposure was associated with a shorter gestational length and a higher risk of PTB.ConclusionsThe COVID-19 lockdown measures were associated with a slightly shorter gestational length and a moderately higher risk of PTB. Early and middle pregnancy periods may be a more susceptible exposure window.
Are the interaction effects of warming and drought on nutritional status and biomass production in a tropical forage legume greater than their individual effects?
Authors: Viciedo Dilier Olivera , Prado Renato de Mello , Martinez Carlos Alberto , Habermann Eduardo , Piccolo Marisa de Cássia , Hurtado Alexander Calero , Barreto Rafael Ferreira , Calzada Kolima Peña 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Climate change effects on natural and managed ecosystems are difficult to predict due to its multi-factor nature. However, most studies which investigate the impacts of climate change factors on plants, such as warming or drought, were conducted under one single stress and controlled environments. In this study, we evaluated the effects of elevated temperature (+ 2°C) (T) under different conditions of soil water availability (W) to understand the interactive effects of both factors on leaf, stem, and inflorescence macro and micronutrients concentration and biomass allocation of a tropical forage species, Stylosanthes capitata Vogel under field conditions. Temperature control was performed by a Temperature Free-Air Controlled Enhancement (T‐FACE) system. We observed that warming changed nutrient concentrations and plant growth depending on soil moisture levels, but the responses were specific for each plant-organ. In general, we observed that warming under well-watered conditions greatly improved nutrient concentration and biomass production, whilst the opposite effect was observed under non-irrigated and non-warmed conditions. However, under warmed and non-irrigated conditions, we observed that leaf biomass and leaf nutrient concentration greatly reduced when compared to non-warmed and irrigated plants. Our findings suggest that warming (2°C above ambient temperature) and drought, as well as both combined stresses, will change the nutrient requirements and biomass distributions between plant aerial organs of S. capitata in tropical ecosystems, which may impact animal feeding in the future.
Predicting Required COVID-19 Vaccine Coverage and its Impact in Sierra Leone Using Mathematical models
Authors: Kamara Abdul A. , Kamara Joseph A. L. , Samura Sallieu K. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this article, we predict the required vaccine coverage to eradicate the COVID-19 outbreak in Sierra Leone. We also, investigate the impact of facemask and vaccine coverage on the spread of the COVID-19 virus using a modified symptomatic-asymptomatic infection transmissions Susceptible-Latent-Infectious-Asymptomatic-Recovered (SLIAR) model. We derived an explicit formula for the basic reproduction number and used it to understand the dynamics of the disease when it is greater than unity. Numerically, we show that 58 per cent of the Sierra Leone national population required vaccination to eradicate the COVID-19 virus. Also, the SLIAR with vaccine model results reveal that the impact of using facemask is very challenging to understand and the vaccine coverage decrease the infected transmission rate but cannot completely eradicate the infection.
Major Abdominal Surgery, Neurosurgery, Orthopedic Surgery in Children aged between 10 and 18 years and Postoperative Outcome
Authors: Kumba Claudine 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundIn a previously conducted monocentric retrospective study, predictors of postoperative outcome in children included American Society of Anesthesiologists score, transfusion, emergency interventions, surgery and age. A study has been undertaken to describe postoperative outcome in patients aged between 10 and 18 years included in the initial study in abdominal surgery, neurosurgery and orthopedics.AimsTo describe postoperative outcome in children aged between 10 and 18 years.MethodsSecondary analysis of postoperative outcome in children aged between 10 and 18 years included retrospectively in the initial study of 594 patients. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee.ResultsThere were 221 children with a mean age of 165.5±24.3 months in abdominal surgery, neurosurgery and orthopedics.16.3% patients had intra-operative or postoperative complications. Intra-operatively, 3.2%had hemorrhagic shock, 0.45% anaphylaxis and 0.45% respiratory failure. Postoperatively,3.2% had neurologic failure, 2.3% respiratory failure, 0.45% cardio-circulatory failure, 0.45%endocrinal failure, 0.45% had hepatic failure, 0.45% multiple organ failure, and 0.45% had renal failure. In-hospital mortality rate was 0.45%.ConclusionThese results emphasize the importance of optimizing intra-operative management in critically ill patients in major surgery with goal directed therapies in order to improve postoperative outcome.
Divalent magnesium restores cytoskeletal storage lesions in cold-stored platelet concentrates
Authors: Aurich Konstanze , Wesche Jan , Ulbricht Martin , Otto Oliver , Greinacher Andreas , Palankar Raghavendra 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Cold storage of platelet concentrates (PC) has become attractive due to the reduced risk of bacterial proliferation, but in vivo circulation time of cold-stored platelets is reduced. Ca2+ release from storage organelles and higher activity of Ca2+ pumps at temperatures < 15°C triggers cytoskeleton changes. This is suppressed by Mg2+ addition, avoiding a shift in Ca2+ hemostasis and cytoskeletal alterations. We report on the impact of 2–10 mM Mg2+ addition on cytoskeleton alterations of platelets from PC stored at room temperature (RT) or 4°C in additive solution (PAS), 30% plasma. Deformation of platelets was assessed by real-time deformability cytometry (RT-DC), a method for biomechanical cell characterization. Deformation was strongly affected by storage at 4°C and preserved by Mg2+ addition ≥ 4 mM Mg2+ (mean ± SD of median deformation 4°C vs. 4°C + 10mM Mg2+ 0.073 ± 0.021 vs. 0.118 ± 0.023, p < 0.01; n = 6, day 7). These results were confirmed by immunofluorescence microscopy, showing that Mg2+ ≥ 4mM prevents 4°C storage induced cytoskeletal structure lesion. Standard in vitro platelet function tests showed minor differences between RT and cold-stored platelets. Hypotonic shock response was reduced in cold-stored platelets (45.65 ± 11.59% vs. RT stored platelets 56.38 ± 29.36; p = 0.042) but normal at 4°C + 10 mM Mg2+ (55.22 ± 11.16%, all n = 6, day 1). CD62P expression and platelet aggregation response were similar between RT and 4°C stored platelets, with minor changes in the presence of higher Mg2+ concentrations. In conclusion, increasing Mg2+ up to 10 mM in PAS counteracts 4°C storage lesions in platelets, maintains platelet cytoskeletal integrity and biomechanical properties comparable to RT stored platelets.
Agricultural expansion in African savannas – effects on diversity and composition of trees and mammals
Authors: Tripathi Hemant , Woollen Emily , Carvalho Mariana , Parr Catherine , Ryan Casey 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Land use change (LUC) is the leading cause of biodiversity loss worldwide. However, the global understanding of LUC's impact on biodiversity is mainly based on comparisons of land use endpoints (habitat vs non-habitat) in forest ecosystems. Hence, it may not generalise to savannas, which are ecologically distinct from forests, as they are inherently patchy, and disturbance adapted. Endpoint comparisons also cannot inform the management of intermediate mosaic landscapes. We aim to address these gaps by investigating species- and community-level responses of mammals and trees along a gradient of small scale agricultural expansion in the miombo woodlands of northern Mozambique. Thus, the case study represents the most common pathway of LUC and biodiversity change in the world's largest savanna. Tree abundance, mammal occupancy, and tree- and mammal-species richness showed a non-linear relationship with agricultural expansion (characterised by the Land Division Index, LDI). These occurrence and diversity metrics increased at intermediate LDI (0.3 to 0.7), started decreasing beyond LDI > 0.7, and underwent high levels of decline at extreme levels of agricultural expansion (LDI > 0.9). Despite similarities in species richness responses, the two taxonomic groups showed contrasting β-diversity patterns in response to increasing LDI: increased dissimilarity among tree communities (heterogenisation) and high similarity among mammals (homogenisation). Our analysis along a gradient of landscape-scale land use intensification allows a novel understanding of the impacts of different levels of land conversion, which can help guide land use and restoration policy. Biodiversity loss in this miombo landscape was lower than would be inferred from existing global syntheses of biodiversity-land use relations for Africa or the tropics, probably because such syntheses take a fully converted landscape as the endpoint. As, currently, most African savanna landscapes are a mosaic of savanna habitats and small scale agriculture, biodiversity loss is probably lower than in current global estimates, albeit with a trend towards further conversion. However, at extreme levels of land use change (LDI > 0.9 or < 15% habitat cover) miombo biodiversity appears to be more sensitive to LUC than inferred from the meta-analyses. To mitigate the worst effects of land use on biodiversity, our results suggest that miombo landscapes should retain > 25% habitat cover and avoid LDI > 0.75 – after which species richness of both groups begin to decline. Our findings indicate that tree diversity may be easier to restore from natural restoration than mammal diversity, which became spatially homogeneous.
In vitro bioassay of antibacterial and antifungal activity studies of actinomycetes from soda lakes of Ethiopia
Authors: Chali Kenesa , Belay Zerihun , Bacha Ketema 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The ever-increasing spectrum of microbial disease and emergence of life-threatening antibiotic-resistant pathogens necessitates more intensive search for microbial antagonistic agents from diverse symbionts and habitats. Based on these hypotheses the current study was initiated to investigate in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of both crude and pure compounds isolated from potential actinomycete isolates recovered from soda lakes of Ethiopia. Two soda lakes, Arenguade/Hora Hadho/ and Chitu were included in this study. A total of fifteen 12 water samples were collected and actinomycete cultures were isolated by serial dilution plating technique on various media. Morphological and biochemical characterization of selected isolates was done as described in the International Streptomyces Project Guidelines. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of the crude extract was determined for fungus using the protocol described in National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards and for the bacteria disc diffusion assay method as described in the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institution. Ethanol extracts obtained from Solid State Fermentation a total of 36 isolates of actinomycetes were subjected to primary screening and tested for activity against the bacterial and fungal reference strain. Accordingly, the extracts from 10 isolates that were most active in the primary screen were 6 (16.66%) from Lake Chitu that were inhibited the growth of Gram-positive bacteria and fungal strain; 4 (11.11%) from Lake Arenguade that were inhibited Gram-negative bacteria and fungal. From evaluated the antibacterial and antifungal potential of two soda lakes water-derived actinomycetes; the best ones in terms of activity spectra were actinomycetes species isolated from Lake Chitu. Antibacterial and antifungal metabolite production was detected from isolates of Lake Chitu with maximum zone of inhibition within 5–6 days of incubation against Candida albicans ATCC 62376, Aspergillus niger, C. neoformans, F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis (CECT 20474), and Shigella boydii (clinical). All test microorganisms, except Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, E. coli ATCC 25922, and S. aureus (clinical isolate) were sensitive to the culture filtrate starting from 8–12 days of incubation. In terms of the effectiveness of the antibacterial activity, the antibacterial metabolite produced from different carbon sources were more effective on S. aureus (clinical isolate), A. niger, C. neoformans, S. aureus ATCC25923, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis (CECT 20474), Shigella boydii (clinical isolate) respectively. However, the most resistant test isolates with least activity was detected against Candida albicans ATCC 62376 and E. coli ATCC 25922.
HuR as Therapeutic Target in Cancer: What the Future Holds
Authors: Goutas Dimitrios , Pergaris Alexandros , Giaginis Constantinos , Theocharis Stamatios 
Published: June 2021

:
ELAV-like protein 1 or HuR (human antigen R) is an RNA-binding protein that in humans is
encoded by the ELAVL1 gene, and one of its best functions is to stabilize mRNAs in order to regulate
gene expression. HuR protein overexpression has undoubtedly been linked to an increased risk of tumor
growth, progression and metastasis, rendering it a potential therapeutic target candidate in cancer.
Novel agents, interfering with HuR expression, have been tested, both in vitro and in vivo, with promising
results. The aim of this paper is to review the existing literature regarding the potential agents that
could actively act on and inhibit HuR expression. HuR molecule controls the expression of various
proto-oncogenes, cytokines and growth factors, representing a major player in tumor progression, invasion
and metastasis and constituting an emerging target for cancer therapy. PubMed database was thoroughly
searched, and all published articles providing scientific data on molecules that can exhibit antitumorigenic
effects via HuR inhibition were included. According to these data, HuR inhibition should
be a promising target in cancer therapeutics.
Synthesis of Fused Azo-linked Acridine Derivatives Using MCM-41/Ag2S-RHA Nanocomposite
Authors: Jafarian Zeinab , Nikpassand Mohammad , Pourahmad Afshin , Fekri Leila Zare 
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
In this study, the synthesis of azo-linked acridine by the reaction of dimedone and synthesized
diazoaryl-(2-amino-5-(phenyl)methanone using Ag2S/RHA-MCM-41nanocomposite is reported.

Materials and Methods:
The synthesized catalyst was characterized by FT-IR, XRD, and SEM. According to the
obtained results, Ag2S/RHA-MCM-41 nanocomposite exhibited high activity in the synthesis of azo-acridine derivatives
based on desirable yields and reaction time. Products were prepared in 1.5-2 h and with 88-93% yield.
In all the reactions, the catalyst could be easily removed and reused, and its catalytic activity was maintained after
five uses and did not decrease significantly. The structures of all newly synthesized products were characterized
by spectroscopic spectra (FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR) and elemental analyses.

Results and Discussion:
The results of the study showed that ionic liquid [DBU]OAc (entry 8) and MCM-
41/Ag2S-RHA nanocomposite (entry 8) possessed better efficiency and shorter time than other reaction conditions.

Conclusion:
In this study, new azo-linked acridine derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of different azo
derivatives and dimedone using MCM-41/Ag2S-RHA nanocomposite, and the reaction products were obtained in
1.5-2 h with an efficiency of 88-93%. The short reaction time and high efficiency of the obtained products indicated
the high efficiency of this method. In all the reactions, MCM-41/Ag2S-RHA nanocomposite could be easily
removed and reused. Its catalytic activity was maintained in the sample reaction after five runs and did not decrease
significantly.
Chemotherapy-induced Pulmonary Toxicity Mimicking COVID-19 Pneumonia
Authors: Karasu Sebnem , Sinci Kazim Ayberk , Yildiz Yasar , Gumus Cesur , Tosun Ozgur 
Published: June 2021

Background:
COVID-19 generally affects the lungs by causing pneumonic infiltration.
Typical Computed Tomography (CT) findings are bilateral, multifocal, peripheral, and patchy
ground-glass opacities. These CT findings can also be seen in drug toxicities. Rapid and accurate
differential diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia from Chemotherapy-Induced Pulmonary Toxicity
(CPT) is essential because the treatment strategies are different. In this case report, we define the
clinical and lung CT findings of two cases of CPT mimicking COVID-19 pneumonia.

Case Reports:
The first patient was a 39-year-old male who was under a 5-fluorouracil + folinicacid
+ oxaliplatin + panitumumab (FOLFOX) treatment of regimen because of metastatic rectal cancer.
The second patient was a 53-year-old male with testicular seminoma who was treated with
bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (BEP) protocol. Both patients presented to the emergency department
with increased dyspnea after chemotherapy. Thorax CT showed similar findings to
COVID-19 pneumonia. On follow-up CTs, these findings disappeared with steroid treatment as
well as withdrawal of the chemotherapeutic agents and this enabled us to make a differential diagnosis.
Also, two consecutive COVID-19 real-time polymerase chain reaction tests were negative in
both patients.

Conclusion:
When lung CT findings of the oncologic patients are similar to COVID-19 pneumonia,
chemotherapy-induced pulmonary toxicity should also be considered in the differential diagnosis.
Measurement of Entrance Skin Dose in Radiographic Examinations of Pediatric Patients
Authors: Abdallah Yousif 
Published: June 2021

Background:
This study was conducted to measure the entrance skin dose in radiographic
examinations of pediatric patients in King Khalid Hospital, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia.

Introduction:
Children have been given special attention since they are often regarded as especially
vulnerable to potential hazards. The pediatric population is more susceptible to radiation than
the adult population for certain tumor types.

Objective:
The aim of this study is to determine the amount of Entrance Surface Dose (ESD) received
by pediatric patients attending the emergency department.

Methods:
Traumatic department registers for pediatric patients admitted to the King Khalid hospital
(Majmaah, Saudi Arabia) between 1st February and 31st December 2018 were retrospectively
studied for all diagnostic (plain radiographs examinations) imaging did on pediatric (<18 years old)
trauma patients. The entrance surface dose was used to calculate the total radiation dose for each
patient. One hundred and twenty patients encountered the inclusion criteria of the study and their
doses (chest, skull, and extremities) were assessed.

Results:
The mean of radiation exposure factors were 65.4 ± 7.9 (71.3 – 89.9) and 1.3 ± 0.2
(0.3–2.5) for X-ray tube potential (kVp) and current (mAs), respectively. The measured dose for pediatric
patients were 0.10 ± 0.02 (0.09 – 0.37), 0.18 ± 0.04 (0.06 -0.59) and 0.09 ± 0.03 (0.03
-0.45) for chest, skull, and extremities, respectively. The mean Entrance surface dose received by
trauma patients was 0.03-0.59 mGy. 51.7% (62 patients) of the patients received ≤ 0.25 mGy while
around 48.3% (58 patients) received ≥ 0.26 mGy radiation dose from those examinations.

Conclusion:
Trauma patients attending to traumatic radiology department obtain substantial Entrance
surface dose from chest, skull, and extremities imaging procedures within their initial assessment.
The radiation exposure can also be lowered by optimizing each examination, therefore more
studies are recommended for this task. The results obtained can be used as the basis for local reference
dosages for X-ray examinations.
Starting triple oral hypoglycemic agent therapy in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes is a suitable therapeutic strategy to lower HbA1c when insulin therapy is not desired
Authors: Darian Mara A 
Published: June 2021

A clinical decision report using:
Søfteland E, Meier JJ, Vangen B, Toorawa R, Maldonado-Lutomirsky M, Broedl UC. Empagliflozin as Add-on Therapy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled With Linagliptin and Metformin: A 24-Week Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group Trial. Diabetes Care. 2016;40(2):201-209. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc16-1347
for a patient with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes on metformin and sitagliptin and hesitant to begin insulin therapy.
Reminiscências Missioneiras: análise sobre a formação de Comunidades Guaranis no sul do Brasil (Capela de Santa Maria, 1804-1834)
Authors: Ribeiro Max Roberto Pereira 
Published: June 2021

O presente artigo busca evidenciar a formação de comunidades guaranis entre os luso-brasileiros após a tomada das Missões Orientais, em 1801. Demonstra como num período ulterior à expulsão dos jesuítas (1767), os guaranis continuaram vivendo nos territórios pertencentes às Missões, organizando-se em pequenas comunidades e expressando sua religiosidade na busca do batismo católico. Analisa registros batismais de uma localidade luso-brasileira para onde se deslocaram famílias guaranis, a partir de 1804. O texto foca nas relações de compadrio priorizando a reconstituição do grupo/comunidade através de seus laços sociais. Mostra a estrutura básica da comunidade guarani, distribuída por campos e stâncias lusobrasileiras, interligada por relações de parentesco.