bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Update on the Practice of Splinting During Acute Burn Admission From the ACT Study
Authors: Khor Desmond , Liao Junlin , Fleishhacker Zachary , Schneider Jeffrey C , Parry Ingrid , Kowalske Karen , Richard Reg , Wibbenmeyer Lucy 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Burn scar contracture (BSC) is a common pathological outcome following burn injuries, leading to limitations in range of motion (ROM) of affected joints and impairment in function. Despite a paucity of research addressing its efficacy, static splinting of affected joints is a common preventative practice. A survey of therapists performed 25 years ago showed a widely divergent practice of splinting during the acute burn injury. We undertook this study to determine the current practice of splinting during the index admission for burn injuries. This is a review of a subset of patients enrolled in the Burn Patient Acuity Demographics, Scar Contractures and Rehabilitation Treatment Related to Patient Outcome Study (ACT) database. ACT was an observational multicenter study conducted from 2010 to 2013. The most commonly splinted joints (elbow, wrist, knee, and ankle) and their seven motions were included. Variables included patients’ demographics, burn variables, rehabilitation treatment, and hospital course details. Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors related to splinting was performed. P &lt; .05 was significant. Thirty percent of the study population (75 patients) underwent splinting during their hospitalization. Splinting was associated with larger burns and increased injury severity on the patient level and increased involvement with burns requiring grafting in the associated cutaneous functional unit (CFU) on the joint level. The requirement for skin grafting in both analyses remained independently related to splinting, with requirement for grafting in the associated CFU increasing the odds of splinting six times (OR = 6.0, 95% CI = 3.8–9.3, P &lt; .001). On average, splinting was initiated about a third into the hospital length of stay (LOS, 35 ± 21% of LOS) and splints were worn for 50% (50 ± 26%) of the LOS. Joints were splinted for an average 15.1 ± 4.8 hours a day. The wrist was most frequently splinted joint being splinted with one third of wrists splinted (30.7%) while the knee was the least frequently splinted joint with 8.2% splinted. However, when splinted, the knee was splinted the most hours per day (17.6 ± 4.8 hours) and the ankle the least (14.4 ± 4.6 hours). Almost one third had splinting continued to discharge (20, 27%). The current practice of splinting, especially the initiation, hours of wear and duration of splinting following acute burn injury remains variable. Splinting is independently related to grafting, grafting in the joint CFU, larger CFU involvement and is more likely to occur around the time of surgery. A future study looking at splinting application and its outcomes is warranted.
Association of tumor burden with outcome in first-line therapy with nivolumab plus ipilimumab for previously untreated metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Ishihara Hiroki , Kondo Tsunenori , Nakamura Kazutaka , Nemoto Yuki , Tachibana Hidekazu , Fukuda Hironori , Yoshida Kazuhiko , Kobayashi Hirohito , Iizuka Junpei , Shimmura Hiroaki , Hashimoto Yasunobu , Tanabe Kazunari , Takagi Toshio 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the prognostic impact of tumor burden in patients receiving nivolumab plus ipilimumab as first-line therapy for previously untreated metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).

Methods
We retrospectively evaluated 62 patients with IMDC intermediate- or poor-risk mRCC, treated with nivolumab plus ipilimumab as first-line therapy at five affiliated institutions. Tumor burden was defined as the sum of diameters of baseline targeted lesions according to the RECIST version.1.1. We categorized the patients into two groups based on the median value of tumor burden (i.e., high vs. low). The association of tumor burden with progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and objective response rate (ORR) with nivolumab plus ipilimumab treatment was analyzed.

Results
The median tumor burden was 63.0 cm (interquartile range: 34.2–125.8). PFS was significantly shorter in patients with high tumor burden (n = 31) than in those with low tumor burden (n = 31) (median: 6.08 [95% CI: 2.73–9.70] vs. 12.5 [4.77–24.0] months, P = 0.0134). In addition, OS tended to be shorter in patients with high tumor burden; however, there was no statistically significant difference (1-year rate: 77.3 vs. 96.7%, P = 0.166). ORR was not significantly different between patients with high and low tumor burden (35 vs. 55%, P = 0.202). Multivariate analysis of PFS further showed that tumor burden was an independent factor (HR: 2.22 [95% CI: 1.11–4.45], P = 0.0242).

Conclusions
Tumor burden might be a useful factor for outcome prediction, at least for PFS prediction, in patients receiving nivolumab plus ipilimumab for mRCC. Further prospective studies are warranted to confirm our findings.
The Rise and Fall of the Age of Psychopharmacology
Authors: Shorter Edward 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This book focuses on the age of psychopharmacology that began in the 1950s, when science entered the study of drugs that affect the brain and mind. It reviews the recent fall of psychopharmacology as drug offerings became impoverished and diagnoses became distorted by a pseudoscientific system called the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. It looks at new diagnoses, such as “major depression,” which have strayed increasingly from the real disorders of most patients. The book discusses the invasion of psychopharmacology by the pharmaceutical industry, which paid off commercially but not scientifically. It tells the story of the public health disaster of psychopharmacology, wherein psychiatry’s diagnoses and therapeutics have largely failed and greatly declined from earlier days.
DSM
Authors: Shorter Edward 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The decline of psychopharmacology began with the growing view that many of the diagnoses in the official Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) did not really exist. The paper that began the revolution in diagnosis in psychiatry was written by a discussion group of residents led by John Feighner. Then the DSM was drawn up using the diagnostic criteria known as the “Feighner criteria,” which Fritz Henn admitted were based on Emil Kraepelin's work. The various editions of Kraepelin's textbook in the 1900s lumped all the mood disorders into one big basin: manic-depressive insanity. In contrast, the ideas of Karl Leonhard provided a revolutionary recasting of the major illnesses that dismissed the Kraepelinian illness pool and implemented a strict division on the basis of polarity: unipolar depression vs. bipolar disorder.
Trials
Authors: Shorter Edward 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In the years after 1980, drug trials departed increasingly from the concept of treating real patients. Clinical trials accompanied psychopharmacology as a basic means of gathering evidence in the field, but they also served as the premier means of evasion and distortion used fraudulently and covertly to corrupt the evidence base of psychopharmacology. The fundamental problem in running clinical trials of depression treatments was that the “patients” were considered heterogeneous or “fantasy patients” who really had nothing. Leo Hollister recommended that depression trials be confined to patients with serious or “endogenous” depression, who were the minority of patients encountered in clinical practice.
Journals
Authors: Shorter Edward 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This chapter examines the enormous leverage that ad sales gave to the pharmaceutical industry in the publication of journals. It details how it started to dawn on the editors that there was something fishy about the uniformly positive results in the use of prescribed drugs. It also mentions Richard Smith, former editor of the British Medical Journal, who noted that up to three-quarters of trials published in the major journals were funded by the pharmaceutical industry. The chapter explains how studies funded by companies were more likely to have results favorable to them than studies funded by other sources and covers the tricks that the companies used to achieve such results. It refers to Mickey Nardo’s observation that peer-reviewed journals got thicker as articles about the phenomenology of mental illness were replaced with reviews of medications and endless clinical trials.
Cognitive Dimensions of Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Baune Bernhard T. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Cognitive Dimensions of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) examines the key clinical and pathophysiological characteristics and treatment options of MDD. The volume emphasizes that while the traditional model of depression implicates mood as the primary symptom cluster, a more recently published conceptual understanding of depression has been extended to consider cognitive function as more than just a symptom. It furthers our understanding of the central role of the cognitive dimension for the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of MDD. It reviews the key cognitive dimensions of depression comprising impaired cognitive and emotional processes of cognitive function, emotion processing, and social cognitive processing. It focuses on the cognitive and emotional dimensions of depression and offers extended and novel diagnostic and treatment approaches ranging from pharmacological to psychological interventions targeting those dimensions of depression.
Cognitive dimensions of major depressive disorder
Authors: Baune Bernhard T. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Major depressive disorder is characterized by impaired affect, cognitive dysfunction, and significant psychosocial impairment that persists from weeks to years. Cognitive symptoms are pervasive, affecting functioning in several domains, including reduced executive functioning, attention, memory, learning, psychomotor speed, and verbal processing. Recent evidence suggests that cognitive dysfunction persists following symptomatic remission, highlighting the need to treat cognition separately from mood symptoms. Residual cognitive deficits may contribute to ongoing occupational and social dysfunction and promote suicide ideation. In addition, retention of cognitive impairment may interact with existing emotional and social vulnerability, increasing the risk of recurrent depressive episodes. The chapter characterizes the domains of emotional, nonemotional, and social cognitive function in major depressive disorder. It examines the domains and descriptors of nonemotional cognitive function. It evaluates the important relationship between cognitive deficits and psychosocial function, as well as the clinical interactions between ‘cold’ and ‘hot’ cognitive function. It extends our understanding of the social cognitive function and its implications for social performance and impact on emotional and empathic performance.
Pharmacological interventions for cognitive dysfunction
Authors: Baune Bernhard T. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The chapter Pharmacological interventions for cognitive dysfunction in major depressive disorder (MDD) reviews a broad range of antidepressants that show differential efficacy in exerting improving and impairing effects on cognitive function in MDD, as well as potential side-effects on cognition. The chapter explores new targets and pharmacological agents that are under increasing investigation for cognitive effects in MDD. It identifies methodological challenges of cognition trials in MDD that need to be overcome to improve the evidence base. To conclude, it highlights results from new network meta-analyses on the relative effects of antidepressants on cognitive function assessed with commonly used cognitive tests.
Interventions for social cognitive deficits
Authors: Baune Bernhard T. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Interventions for social cognitive deficits establishes the large impact these deficits exert on psychosocial functioning in major depressive disorder. The chapter reviews a variety of impairments of social cognition and how these may influence psychosocial functioning in the key domains of social performance, emotional/empathic performance, general cognitive functioning, and quality of life. It introduces multiple treatment modalities including antidepressant medication, psychotherapeutic approaches, and procedural interventions with potential treatment efficacy on facial affect recognition, interpretation of affective pictures, theory of mind performance, and prosody. It reviews evidence indicating that many current therapies are shown to have a normalizing effect on the accuracy of interpretation and the reduction of underlying negative interpretative bias. It concludes from evaluating the literature that certain antidepressants seem to correct facial affect recognition deficits, and several psychotherapeutic approaches appear well-suited for addressing impaired theory of mind or mood-congruent interpretive biases.
Altering the Binding Properties of PRDM9 Partially Restores Fertility across the Species Boundary
Authors: Davies Benjamin , Gupta Hinch Anjali , Cebrian-Serrano Alberto , Alghadban Samy , Becker Philipp W , Biggs Daniel , Hernandez-Pliego Polinka , Preece Chris , Moralli Daniela , Zhang Gang , Myers Simon , Donnelly Peter 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Sterility or subfertility of male hybrid offspring is commonly observed. This phenomenon contributes to reproductive barriers between the parental populations, an early step in the process of speciation. One frequent cause of such infertility is a failure of proper chromosome pairing during male meiosis. In subspecies of the house mouse, the likelihood of successful chromosome synapsis is improved by the binding of the histone methyltransferase PRDM9 to both chromosome homologs at matching positions. Using genetic manipulation, we altered PRDM9 binding to occur more often at matched sites, and find that chromosome pairing defects can be rescued, not only in an intersubspecific cross, but also between distinct species. Using different engineered variants, we demonstrate a quantitative link between the degree of matched homolog binding, chromosome synapsis, and rescue of fertility in hybrids between Mus musculus and Mus spretus. The resulting partial restoration of fertility reveals additional mechanisms at play that act to lock-in the reproductive isolation between these two species.
A new therapeutic approach with tocilizumab in a 39-year-old patient with recurrent diabetic myonecrosis
Authors: Wagemann Judith , Keller Sarah , Noriega Maria de las Mercedes , Stenzel Werner , Schneider Udo , Krusche Martin 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTWe report the case of a 39-year-old female patient with acute painful swelling of the left thigh and symmetric muscle weakness in both upper legs. The patient had a history of long-standing, poorly controlled type 1 diabetes which required dialysis. Serum inflammatory markers were highly elevated. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indicated necrotic or inflammatory colliquation. As antibiotic therapy did not lead to clinical improvement, a successful anti-inflammatory therapy with prednisolone was initiated. Three months later, the patient presented with a new onset of progressive and painful muscle swelling of the right thigh. MRI showed pronounced swelling of the right adductor muscles and inflammatory markers were massively elevated. In the absence of autoantibodies or any infectious agents and the recurrent symptomatology, relapsing diabetogenic myonecrosis was diagnosed. Initially, clinical improvement could only be achieved with high-dose glucocorticosteroids. Intravenous immunoglobulins did not show an effect, whereas serological and clinical remission was achieved after we administered tocilizumab intravenously. Diabetic myonecrosis is a rare complication of long-term, poorly controlled diabetes mellitus. Acute muscle pain and elevated inflammatory markers should prompt suspicion. Contralateral muscle involvement is also suggestive of the disease. The optimisation of diabetes treatment is crucial in order to prevent further disease complications.
Urinary biomarkers predict progression and adverse outcomes of acute kidney injury in critical illness
Authors: Duff Stephen , Irwin Ruairi , Cote Jean Maxime , Redahan Lynn , McMahon Blaithin A , Marsh Brian , Nichol Alistair , Holden Sinead , Doran Peter , Murray Patrick T 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in hospitalized patients and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The Dublin Acute Biomarker Group Evaluation study is a prospective cohort study of critically ill patients (n = 717). We hypothesized that novel urinary biomarkers would predict progression of AKI and associated outcomes.

Methods
The primary (diagnostic) analysis assessed the ability of biomarkers levels at the time of early Stage 1 or 2 AKI to predict progression to higher AKI stage, renal replacement therapy (RRT) or death within 7 days of intensive care unit admission. In the secondary (prognostic) analysis, we investigated the association between biomarker levels and RRT or death within 30 days.

Results
In total, 186 patients had an AKI within 7 days of admission. In the primary (diagnostic) analysis, 8 of the 14 biomarkers were independently associated with progression. The best predictors were cystatin C [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 5.2; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3–23.6], interleukin-18 (IL-18; aOR 5.1; 95% CI 1.8–15.7), albumin (aOR 4.9; 95% CI 1.5–18.3) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL; aOR 4.6; 95% CI 1.4–17.9). Receiver-operating characteristics and net reclassification index analyses similarly demonstrated improved prediction by these biomarkers. In the secondary (prognostic) analysis of Stages 1–3 AKI cases, IL-18, NGAL, albumin and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 were also independently associated with RRT or death within 30 days.

Conclusions
Among 14 novel urinary biomarkers assessed, cystatin C, IL-18, albumin and NGAL were the best predictors of Stages 1–2 AKI progression. These biomarkers, after further validation, may have utility to inform diagnostic and prognostic assessment and guide management of AKI in critically ill patients.
Evaluation of Potential Cryptocurrency Development Ability in Terrorist Financing
Authors: Wang Shacheng , Zhu Xixi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Terrorist financing is the economic basis of terrorist activities and the lifeline of terrorist organizations. In recent years, terrorist organizations have gradually come to use cryptocurrency to finance their activities based on traditional ways of raising funds. The anonymity of cryptocurrency is attractive to terrorist organizations, but its use remains at a low level. To explore the future development ability of cryptocurrency in terrorist financing, we study its internal characteristics and development status, as well as the supervisory systems of international organizations. This study hopes to enhance our understanding of the potential risks of cryptocurrency and serve as a reference for the fight against terrorist financing in the international community.
‘Rapid Counseling’ with single-session therapy for patients with COVID-19: An alternative treatment before doing mental health self-care strategy with meditation
Authors: Situmorang Dominikus David Biondi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The author suggests that mental health experts provide ‘rapid counseling’ as psychological help for individuals who need counseling in this COVID-19 outbreak, as one of the steps to be taken to get rid of this national and global crisis, in particular for patients with COVID-19.
Cardiac Abnormalities in Children with Pre-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease in a Resource-Limited Setting: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study
Authors: Bhagat Naveen , Dawman Lesa , Naganur Sanjeev , Tiewsoh Karalanglin , Kumar Basant , Sharawat Indar Kumar , Gupta Krishan Lal 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We aim to estimate the prevalence of cardiac abnormalities in children up to age 16 years with CKD and their association with various risk factors.

Methods
This cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 107 CKD children. We assessed the systolic and diastolic function using 2D echocardiographic evaluation and M-mode measurements of the left ventricle (LV) indexed for BSA and z-scores were calculated. Results were compared with age, sex, stage of CKD, anaemia, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and various laboratory parameters.

Results
LV diastolic dysfunction was seen in 88%, followed by increased LV dimensions in 33.6%, LV systolic dysfunction in 16%, right ventricle systolic dysfunction in 11.2% while increased pulmonary artery (PA) systolic pressure was seen in 9.3% of cases. LV dimensions correlated directly with parathormone levels and inversely with eGFR, serum calcium and haemoglobin levels. Left ventricular hypertrophy correlated directly with parathormone while inversely with eGFR, serum calcium and haemoglobin. Ejection fraction directly correlated to eGFR and serum calcium while inversely related to parathormone. Left PA pressure directly correlated with age and inversely with eGFR. Right ventricular systolic function assessed by tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion correlated inversely with haemoglobin.

Conclusion
LV diastolic dysfunction and increased LV dimensions were the most common cardiac abnormality in children with CKD. LV dimensions correlated directly with parathormone levels and inversely with eGFR, serum calcium and haemoglobin. Diastolic dysfunction positively correlated with serum creatinine and parathormone levels.