bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liquid-vapor Growth of Atomically Thin Metal Tellurides with Controllable Polymorphism
Authors: Zhou Lin , Zhang Xingxing , Zhang Xu , Han Yimo , Shen Pin-Chun , Lin Yuxuan , Ji Qingqing , Bie Ya-Qing , Shi Jiaojian , Zubair Ahmad , Dai Xiaochuan , Yao Nan , Palacios Tomás , Kong Jing 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), together with their polymorphism, provide promising alternatives for next generation electronic devices and a platform to explore exotic quantum phenomena. However, a large-scale synthesis method that can reliably produce high-quality two-dimensional (2D) TMDs with controlled phase is still lacking. Instead, TMDs with high concentration of defects and defect-stabilized metastable crystalline phases are often obtained via conventional chemical vapor deposition. Here we developed a liquid-vapor (LV) technique to exploit liquid precursors to significantly suppress the equilibrium shift to the decomposition direction and successfully synthesized high-quality TMDs. We highlight the importance of exploiting the synergism of equilibrium and kinetics to facilitate the synthesis reaction (forward) and to impede decomposition (reverse). A high concentration of reactants in the liquid phase also maximizes the kinetic rate of defect repairing. We demonstrated the advantages of LV method by synthesizing diverse high-quality 2D metal tellurides with controllable polymorphs, which would be challenging, if not impossible, to realize by using conventional methods due to weak metal-tellurium bonds, thermal instability and the co-existence of mixed crystalline phases. In particular, we successfully synthesized high-quality monolayer 2H MoTe2, which is only possible when Te defect level is substantially suppressed. Our approach provides a new paradigm in high-quality and large-scale materials synthesis and can be readily extended to a variety of quantum materials, potentially accelerating both research and industrial initiatives.
Effect of Co and Y modification on structural, ferroelectric and magnetic properties of Bi5Ti3FeO15 ceramics
Authors: Bobic Jelena D , Ilić Nikola , Veerapandiyan Vignaswaran , Petrović Mirjana Vijatović , Deluca Marco , Dzunuzovic Adis , Vukmirovic Jelena , Ning Kaijie , Reichmann Klaus , Tidrow Steven 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The ferroelectric and magnetic properties of four-layered Aurivillius Bi5Ti3FeO15 (BFT) compounds via partial substitution of Bi3+ with Y3+ and Fe3+ with Co2+ (according to formula: Bi5 − xYxTi3FeO15, x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3; Bi5Ti3Fe1 − yCoyO15, y = 0.1, 0.3, 0.5) were investigated. Polycrystalline ceramics of Co and Y substituted BFT were prepared by conventional solid-state reaction. Crystal structure and phase purity were confirmed via X-ray diffraction. Raman spectral signatures indicate that Y replaces Bi ions in the pseudo-perovskite layers and Co replaces Fe ions in the octahedral sites. SEM micrographs show a decrease in grain size for both chemically modified samples when compared to plate-like morphology for pure BFT with dimensions ranging from 3–5 µm in length and a thickness of ~ 0.5 µm. The decrease in grain size is more pronounced in Co substituted samples with plate-like grain dimensions of 1 µm in length and 0.1 µm in thickness. Ferroelectric measurements show unsaturated leaky hysteresis loops in both chemically modified samples until the maximum applied electric field. Magnetic measurements confirm the paramagnetic nature of pure and Y substituted BFT ceramics while Co substituted BFT ceramics exhibit a typical ferromagnetic M-H loop. The largest remanent magnetization value of 0.084 emu/g at room temperature is recorded for the Co2+ substituted sample with x = 0.30.
Sexual Intercourse among Early Adolescents in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia: Survey using Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS)
Authors: Perestroika Grhasta Dian , Prabandari Yayi Suryo , Wilopo Siswanto Agus 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

Sexual intercourse is a risky behavior among many earlier adolescents (10–14 years), some of whom might ultimately experience unsafe abortion. However, the prevalence of sexual intercourse among earlier adolescents in Indonesia is not known.
Methods

A cross-sectional behavioral survey was conducted from July to October 2019 among early adolescents who are prone to sexual intercourse (EAWAPTSI) in Semarang, Indonesia. A total of 180 EAWAPTSI aged 10–14 years old (115 boys and 65 girls) were recruited using respondent-driven sampling (RDS) in urban areas. A survey with the Open Data Kit (ODK) application was administered to the study participants.
Results

A total of 180 EAWAPTSI were enrolled, including original seeds. The majority of respondents were male and 14 years old. The RDS-adjusted sexual intercourse prevalence was 38.4% (95% CI: 27.8–49.1). The prevalence was higher among adolescents who were of older age, boys, enrolled in school, and under the care of their mother, had low parental education, discussed sexuality with their parents less frequently and agreed with this behavior at their age.
Conclusions

The conclusion of this study is that early adolescents have already been exposed to sexual activity. This finding suggests that education on healthy sexual behavior should be started before the age of early adolescence (10–14 years). Education should be comprehensive and address individual risk behaviors, not only to delay sexual debut but also to emphasize the importance of preventing sexually transmitted infections and adolescent pregnancy. In addition, parental involvement is needed. Therefore, it is necessary to increase communication about sexuality between children and parents.
Cisplatin and phenanthriplatin modulate long-noncoding RNA expression in A549 and IMR90 cells revealing regulation of microRNAs, Wnt/β-catenin and TGF-β signaling
Authors: Monroe Jerry D. , Moolani Satya A. , Irihamye Elvin N. , Lett Katheryn E. , Hebert Michael D. , Gibert Yann , Smith Michael E. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The monofunctional platinum(II) complex, phenanthriplatin, acts by blocking transcription, but its regulatory effects on long-noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have not been elucidated relative to traditional platinum-based chemotherapeutics, e.g., cisplatin. Here, we treated A549 non-small cell lung cancer and IMR90 lung fibroblast cells for 24 hours with either cisplatin, phenanthriplatin or a solvent control, and then performed microarray analysis to identify regulated lncRNAs. RNA22 v2 microRNA software was subsequently used to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) that might be suppressed by the most regulated lncRNAs. We found that miR-25-5p, -30a-3p, -138-5p, -149-3p, -185-5p, -378j, -608, -650, -708-5p, -1253, -1254, -4458, and − 4516, were predicted to target the cisplatin upregulated lncRNAs, IMMP2L-1, CBR3-1 and ATAD2B-5, and the phenanthriplatin downregulated lncRNAs, AGO2-1, COX7A1-2 and SLC26A3-1. The signaling pathways associated with these miRNAs suggests that phenanthriplatin may modulate Wnt/β-catenin and TGF-β signaling through the MAPK/ERK and PTEN/AKT pathways differently than cisplatin. Further, as some of these miRNAs may be subject to dissimilar lncRNA targeting in A549 and IMR90 cells, the monofunctional complex may not cause toxicity in normal lung compared to cancer cells by acting through distinct lncRNA and miRNA networks.
Isolation and characterization of two new Staphylococcus aureus bacteriophages with potential to infect distinct bacteria from bovine mastitis
Authors: Barasuol Bibiana Martins , Cargnelutti Juliana Felipetto , Sangioni Luis Antônio , Pereira Daniela Isabel Brayer , Varela Ana Paula Muterle , Mayer Fabiana Quoos , Pottker Emanuele Serro , Gonçalves Gabriela Flores , Cibulski Samuel , Botton Sonia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Bovine mastitis is an important disease of dairy cows, and Staphylococcus aureus is the etiologic agent most prevalent among the microorganisms. Mastitis caused by S. aureus present low cure rate with antimicrobials treatment and low vaccines efficacy. Bacteriophages or phages have been considered as an alternative for treating this disease. This study, we isolated and characterized two new S. aureus phages, namely B_UFSM4 and B_UFSM5, from bovine milk of cows with mastitis. The adsorptions rates were 10–20 min for B_UFSM4 and 20–30 min for B_UFSM5. Phages activities were relatively stable at pH 3–11; however, at temperatures of 50 °C-60ºC-70ºC/60 min, the phages were completely inactivated. These viruses presented infectivity in various bacteria isolated from bovine mastitis, where the lytic activity of phages B_UFSM4 and B_UFSM5 were 34.2%(13/38) and 42.1%(16/38), respectively, including isolates from S. aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus sciuri, and Rothia terrae. The complete genomes of B_UFSM4 and B_UFSM5 have 41.396 bp and 41.829 bp, with GC-content 33.97% and 33.98%, respectively. Both phages comprise 61 putative ORFs. The viruses have double stranded DNA and linear architecture. Phylogenic similarity was observed by proteome with Staphylococcus prophage phiPV83 (45,536 nt), Staphylococcus phage CN125 (44,492 nt) and Staphylococcus phage JS01 (43,458 nt). Based on the morphology, the phages belong to Siphoviridae family, presenting icosahedral head with a long tail, Caudovirales order and Biseptimavirus genus. Thus, two S. aureus phages (B_UFSM4 and B_UFSM5) were isolated and characterized, and these phages can be used as therapeutic or prophylactic candidates against S. aureus infections in cattle mastitis.
Web-SpikeSegNet: Deep Learning Framework for Recognition and Counting of Spikes from Visual Images of Wheat Plants
Authors: Misra Tanuj , Arora Alka , Marwaha Sudeep , Jha Ranjeet Ranjan , Ray Mrinmoy , Varghese Eldho , Kumar Sudhir , Nigam Aditya , Sahoo Rabi Narayan , Chinnusamy Viswanathan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Computer vision with deep-learning is emerging as a major approach for non-invasive and non-destructive plant phenotyping. Spikes are the reproductive organs of wheat plants. Detection of spike helps in identifying heading, and counting of the spikes as well as area of the spikes will be useful for determination of the yield of wheat plant. Hence detection and counting of spikes which is considered as the grain bearing organ, has great importance in the phenomics study of large sets of germplasms. Results: In the present study, we developed an online platform “Web-SpikeSegNet” based on a deep-learning framework for spike detection and counting from the wheat plant’s visual images. This platform implements the “SpikeSegNet” approach developed by Misra et al.(2020), which has proved as an eﬀective and robust approach for spike detection and counting. Architecture of the Web-SpikeSegNet consists of 2 layers. First Layer, Client Side Interface Layer, deals with deals with end user’s requests and its corresponding responses management while the second layer, Server Side Application Layer consisting of spike detection and counting module. The backbone of the spike detection module comprises of deep encoder-decoder network with hourglass for spike segmentation. Spike counting module implements the “Analyze Particle” function of imageJ to count the number of spikes. For evaluating the performance of Web-SpikeSegNet, we acquired wheat plant’s visual images using LemnaTec imaging platform installed at Nanaji Deshmukh Plant Phenomics Centre, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India and the satisfactory segmentation performances were obtained as Type I error 0.00159, Type II error 0.0586, Accuracy 99.65%, Precision 99.59% and F1 score 99.65%. Conclusions: In this study, freely available web-based software has been developed based on combined digital image analysis and deep learning techniques. As spike detection and counting in wheat phenotyping are closely related to the yield, Web-SpikeSegNet is a signiﬁcant step forward in the ﬁeld of wheat phenotyping and will be very useful to the researchers and students working in the domain.
Proteinuria May Be an Indicator of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Patients With Preeclampsia: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Lei Tingting , Qiu Ting , Liao Wanyu , Li Kangjie , Lai Xinyue , Huang Hongbo , Yuan Rui , Chen Ling 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Proteinuria is one of the common manifestations of patients with preeclampsia(PE), but whether the severity of proteinuria is related to the pregnancy outcome of patients with preeclampsia remains controversial. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between 24-hour proteinuria and adverse outcomes in patients with preeclampsia.Methods: Retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 329 pregnant women in Chongqing City. Patients were divided into PE group and non-PE group. PE group was divided into three subgroups according to the level of 24-hour proteinuria. Correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between biochemical indexes and adverse pregnancy outcome, and Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of adverse pregnancy outcome. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the ability of 24-hour urinary protein to distinguish the adverse pregnancy outcome in patients with preeclampsia. Results: (1) Among mild (proteinuria < 0.3g/24h), moderate (0.3g/24h ≦ proteinuria < 2g/24h) and massive (proteinuria ≧ 2g/24h) groups, the frequencies of induced labor (p = 0.006), hypoproteinemia (p < 0.001) and stillbirth (p = 0.002) increased according to the severity of 24-hour proteinuria. Patients with a proteinuria > 2g/24h had a shorter gestational week (p < 0.001) and a higher preterm delivery rate (p = 0.009). (2) Adverse pregnant outcome was positively correlated with 24-hour proteinuria (adverse maternal outcomes: r = 0.239, p = 0.002; adverse fetal outcomes: r = 0.336, p < 0.001). (3) The best 24-hour proteinuria cutoff value to determine adverse outcomes was 872.09 mg/24h (p < 0.001), odds ratios (95% confidence interval, CI) was 5.03 (2.60-9.74). For hypoproteinemia, the best value was 1935 mg/24h (p < 0.001) and ORs (95% CIs) was 6.7(2.6-17.4). For stillbirth, premature and intrauterine distress the best value were 3965.0mg/24h, 984.75mg/24h and 1503.85mg/24h and ORs (95%CIs) were 12.46 (3.46-44.88), 2.48 (1.15-5.37) and 10.02 (2.14-46.80), respectively.Conclusions: The severity of 24-hour proteinuia may forecast adverse outcomes in women with preeclampsia. We suggest proteinuria should be retained as a prognostic indicator for patients with preeclampsia.Trial registration: retrospectively registered.
A Bioinformatics Investigation into the Pharmacological Mechanisms of Sodium-Glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibitors on Diabetes Mellitus and Heart Failure based on Network Pharmacology
Authors: Mai Ziling , Li Huanqiang , Chen Guanzhong , Chen Enzhao , Liu Liwei , Lun Zhubin , Lai Wenguang , Zhou Chunyun , Yu Sijia , Liu Jin , Chen Shiqun , Chen Jiyan , Liu Yong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a major risk factor for the development of heart failure (HF). Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been demonstrated consistent benefits in the reduction of hospitalization for HF in patients with DM. However, the pharmacological mechanism is not clear. To investigate the mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibitors on HF and DM, we performed target prediction and network analysis by network pharmacology method.Material/MethodsWe selected targets of SGLT2 inhibitors according to SwissTargetPrediction and DrugBank databases and collected therapeutic targets on HF and DM from the Human Gene (GeneCards) and Human Mendelian Inheritance (OMIM) databases. The “Drug-Target” and “Drug-Target-Disease” networks were constructed by using Cytoscape_v3.6.1. Then the protein-protein interaction (PPI) was analyzed by using the String database. Gene Ontology (GO) biological functions and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were performed to investigate by using Bioconductor tool for analysis.ResultsThere were 125 effective targets among SGLT2 inhibitors, HF and DM. Through further screening and analyzing, 33 core targets were obtained, such as SRC, MAPK1, NARS, MAPK3 and EGFR. And it is predicted that Rap1 signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications and other signaling pathways were involved in the treatment of HF and DM by SGLT2 inhibitors.ConclusionsOur study elucidated the possible mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibitors from a systemic and holistic perspective based on pharmacological networks. The key targets and pathways will provide new insights for further research on the pharmacological mechanism of SGLT2 inhibitors in the therapy of HF and DM.
Production and Characterization Of Sumac Plantcrystals: Influence of High-Pressure Homogenization on Antioxidant Activity of Sumac (Rhus Coriaria L.)
Authors: Abraham Abraham M. , Quintero Camilo , Carrillo-Hormaza Luis , Osorio Edison , Keck Cornelia M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

· Background: Oxidative stress diseases are usually treated or prevented by using antioxidants from natural or artificial sources. However, as a sustainable source of phytochemicals, plants got a renewed interest in obtaining their active agents using green technologies. Green chemistry is the ability to obtain commercially viable products with desirable properties from widely available renewable sources using eco-friendly methods. The high-pressure homogenization (HPH) technique was introduced into the food industry since it was invented in 1900 to homogenize milk and later to produce fruit juices with a longer shelf-life without preservatives. Recently, HPH was introduced as an eco-friendly method to nano mill plants for improved extraction efficacy without using organic solvents. ·Results: In this study, sumac was used as an antioxidants-rich spice model to investigate the effects of HPH on its antioxidant capacity (AOC). Sumac was rendered into PlantCrystals by using HPH. Particle size characterization proved the presence of submicron-sized particles (about 750 nm). Thus, HPH was able to produce sumac PlantCrystals and increase the AOC of bulk sumac by more than 500% according to the ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) assay. The polyphenol and flavonoid contents showed higher values after HPH. Interestingly, the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assay also showed a well improved AOC (similar to ascorbic acid) after HPH. · Conclusion: In fact, in this study, the great potential of the green PlantCrystal-technology could be demonstrated.
An Explanation of the Barriers and Facilitators of Perceived Social Support in Controlling the COVID-19 Disease: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Toghroli Razie , Aghamolaei Teamour , Hassani Laleh , Ramezaninejad Vahid , Lebni Javad Yoosefi , NeJhaddadgar Nazila , Mehedi Nafiul , ziapour arash 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Considering the irreparable impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the target population, the study aimed at explaining the barriers and facilitators of perceived social support in controlling the spread of the COVID-19 disease.Methods: This study was performed qualitatively using the content analysis method. The population of this consisted of 37 Iranians active Instagram users. They participated in the research via calls. The researchers selected the samples purposively so that they could call the users on Instagram to participate after stating the objectives of the research. Purposeful sampling continued until the saturation point was reached. To collect data, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 12 participants via video calls, while 25 were interviewed personally. In doing so, the researchers re-interviewed 4 people personally to make them understand the issue more clearly. The interview process was repeated for some of the subjects. Finally, a total of 41 interviews were conducted with a duration between 17 and 48 minutes. Open and in-depth interviews were conducted to collect the data and analyzed it through the content analysis method.Results: The researchers extracted 2 main categories related to the barriers and facilitators of perceived social support and 12 subcategories by analyzing the data. Barriers to perceived social support were categorized into 6 main categories; economic factors, familial factors, socio-cultural factors, individual and psychological factors, inefficient quarantine policies, weak management. The facilitators of social support were classified into 6 main categories; familial factors, individual factors, government's supportive policies, and improvement of occupational, social, spiritual, and emotional status.Conclusion: The results indicated that a set of environmental and social factors could control the COVID-19 disease and play a deterring or facilitating role in the controlling process. Understanding these factors, as they were tailored with the social context and individuals' real-time experiences while being exposed to the outbreak, necessary measures can be effectively applied in designing training programs. The prevalence and spread of the disease can be controlled by strengthening the environmental factors and social facilitators and reducing the effect of deterring factors.
A&nbsp;Nomogram Based on Lactate to Predict&nbsp;Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events for Acute Coronary Syndrome after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Kong Shuting , Chen Changxi , Zheng Gaoshu , Yao Hui , Li Junfeng , Ye Hong , Wang Xiaobo , Qu Xiang , Zhou Xiaodong , Lu Yucheng , Zhou Hao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

Accurate prediction of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) is very important for the management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. We aim to develop and validate effective prognostic nomogram for individualized risk estimate of MACE in patients with ACS after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Methods

We conducted a prospective assessment of patients with ACS after PCI from January 2013 to July 2019 (n = 1986). Based on the training set, single-factor and multi-factor Cox proportional hazard analysis method was used to determine the results of single-factor and multi-factor Cox proportional hazard analysis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and calibration curve were used to evaluate the prediction accuracy and discriminability, we have compared nomogram with the classical cardiovascular risk scores. In the validation set, X-tile analysis and Kaplan-Meier curve were used to evaluate the value of clinical application.
Results

Independent prognostic factors included lactate, age, left anterior descending branch (LAD) stenosis ≥ 50%, right coronary artery (RCA) stenosis ≥ 50%, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the training group were about 0.712 to 0.762. In the validation set, the nomogram still shows good differentiation (AUC were about 0.724 to 0.818). On the calibration plot, the predicted values of the statistical chart agree well with the actual observed values. In addition, participants can be divided into two different risk groups (low and high) according to the nomogram.