bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lung function, COPD and Alternative Healthy Eating Index in US adults
Authors: Ducharme-Smith Kirstie , Mora-Garcia Gustavo , de Castro Mendes Francisca , Ruiz-Diaz Maria Stephany , Moreira Andre , Villegas Rodrigo , Garcia-Larsen Vanessa 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundThere is a large burden of COPD in the US. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between diet quality with lung function, spirometric restriction and spirometrically defined COPD in a nationally representative sample of US adults.MethodsAdults (19–70 years of age) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2012 cycles were included (n=10 428). Diet quality was determined using the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI-2010). Pre-bronchodilator measurements of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and the FEV1/FVC were described. Calibrated lower limit of normal (LLN) estimates were derived to determine prevalence of spirometric restriction (FVC<LLN) and COPD (FEV1/FVC ratio<LLN). Population-weighted linear and logistic regression models were used to investigate the association of AHEI-2010 and respiratory outcomes.ResultsThe mean±SD AHEI was 45.3±12.2, equivalent to meeting 41% of the daily recommendations for optimal diet quality. Those in the highest quartile of AHEI had better FEV1(adjusted (a)β 47.92, 95% CI 2.27–93.57) and FVC (aβ 80.23, 95% CI 34.03–126.42; p-value interaction (*) of AHEI and smoking >0.05) compared to those in quartile 1. Higher AHEI was also associated with lower odds of spirometric restriction (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.08–0.67; p-value AHEI*ethnicity >0.05).ConclusionsDiet quality was independently associated with better FEV1and FVC and with lower odds of spirometric restriction. These findings highlight the need for research to further elucidate the possible beneficial role of diet in the preservation of lung function.
The role and mechanism of long non-coding RNA H19 in stem cell osteogenic differentiation
Authors: Wang Liang , Qi Lei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn recent years, H19, as one of the most well-known long non-coding RNA, has been reported to play important roles in many biological and physiological processes. H19 has been identified to regulate the osteogenic differentiation of various stem cells in many studies. However, the detailed role and regulation mechanism of H19 was not consistent in the reported studies.Main body of the manuscriptIn this review article we summarized the effect and mechanism of lncRNA H19 on osteogenic differentiation of various stem cells reported in the published literatures. The role and mechanism of H19, H19 expression changes, effect of H19 on cell proliferation in osteogenic differentiation were respectively reviewed.ConclusionsAn increasing number of studies have provided evidence that H19 play its role in the regulation of stem cell osteogenic differentiation by different mechanisms. Most of the studies favored the positive regulatory effect of H19 through lncRNA-miRNA pathway. The function and underlying mechanisms by which H19 contributes to osteogenic differentiation require further investigation.
Acute prolonged motor aura resembling ischemic stroke after COVID − 19 vaccination (CoronaVac): the first case report
Authors: Rattanawong Wanakorn , Akaratanawat Wasan , Tepmongkol Supatporn , Chutinet Aurauma , Tantivatana Jarturon , Suwanwela Nijasri Charnnarong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
We report the first case of a patient who suffered transient focal neurological deficit mimicking stroke following CoronaVac vaccination. However, instead of an ischemic stroke, motor aura was suspected.

Case presentations
A 24 year-old Thai female presented with left hemiparesis fifteen minutes after receiving CoronaVac. She also had numbness of her left arm and legs, flashing lights, and headaches. On physical examination, her BMI was 32.8. Her vital signs were normal. She had moderate left hemiparesis (MRC grade III), numbness on her left face, arms, and legs. Her weakness continued for 5 days. A brain CT scan was done showing no evidence of acute infarction. Acute treatment with aspirin was given. MRI in conjunction with MRA was performed in which no restricted diffusion was seen. A SPECT was performed to evaluate the function of the brain showing significant hypoperfusion of the right hemisphere. The patient gradually improved and was discharged.

Discussions
In this study, we present the first case of stroke mimic after CoronaVac vaccination. After negative imaging studies had been performed repeatedly, we reach a conclusion that stroke is unlikely to be the cause. Presumably, this phenomenon could possibly have abnormal functional imaging study. Therefore, we believed that it might be due to cortical spreading depression, like migraine aura, which we had conducted a literature review.
Robust optimization of SWATH-MS workflow for human blood serum proteome analysis using a quality by design approach
Authors: Serrano-Blesa Edith , Porter Andrew , Lendrem Dennis W. , Pitzalis Costantino , Barton Anne , Treumann Achim , Isaacs John D. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
It is not enough to optimize proteomics assays. It is critical those assays are robust to operating conditions. Without robust assays, proteomic biomarkers are unlikely to translate readily into the clinic. This study outlines a structured approach to the identification of a robust operating window for proteomics assays and applies that method to Sequential Window Acquisition of all Theoretical Spectra Mass Spectroscopy (SWATH-MS).

Methods
We used a sequential quality by design approach exploiting a fractional screening design to first identify critical SWATH-MS parameters, then using response surface methods to identify a robust operating window with good reproducibility, before validating those settings in a separate validation study.

Results
The screening experiment identified two critical SWATH-MS parameters. We modelled the number of proteins and reproducibility as a function of those parameters identifying an operating window permitting robust maximization of the number of proteins quantified in human serum. In a separate validation study, these settings were shown to give good proteome-wide coverage and high quantification reproducibility.

Conclusions
Using design of experiments permits identification of a robust operating window for SWATH-MS. The method gives a good understanding of proteomics assays and greater data-driven confidence in SWATH-MS performance.
Upper tract imaging modality to investigate haematuria: cancer detection rates and changing guidelines
Authors: Yap Lee Chien , McNicholas Daniel Peter , Walsh Anna L. , Rauf Abdul , Patterson Ken , Power Richard 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo assess the imaging modalities used to investigate both visible haematuria and non-visible haematuria along with their detection rate of malignancy at two hospitals and the corresponding radiological workload produced.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted across two hospitals. All CT urograms and ultrasound scans investigating haematuria in the outpatient setting over a 12-month period were evaluated.ResultsThe detection rate for upper tract urothelial cancer with visible haematuria was 0.97% and for renal cell carcinoma was 0.64%. Of all the CT urograms performed for non-visible haematuria 4.9% had suspicious findings but none of these represents an underlying malignancy. Of all the ultrasound scans performed for either visible or non-visible haematuria, none were shown to have an underlying malignancy. The detection rate was thus zero for an upper tract urinary cancer or renal cell carcinoma in the non-visible haematuria group. A CT urogram was performed in 27% and 67% of cases in each respective hospital to further investigate non-visible haematuria. CT urography makes up 2.3% and 5.2% of each hospitals overall respective workload in the CT department. CT urography to investigate non-visible haematuria could be replaced by ultrasound in low-risk patients.ConclusionsRadiological investigations are a limited resource and better rationalisation of upper tract imaging is needed in the setting of haematuria. Risk stratification of patients would be of benefit to help prevent a significant delay in timely diagnostics for higher risk individuals presenting with haematuria.
A preliminary outcome of modified enhanced recovery protocol versus standard of care in radical cystectomy: an Indonesian experience
Authors: Hendri Ahmad Zulfan , Khalilullah Said Alfin , Aditya Gede Andi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of modified Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol and standard of care (SC) in bladder cancer patients who underwent radical cystectomy (RC). The length of stay and complications rates were the primary outcomes. Time functional recovery, bowel movement, mobilization, drain removal, and other perioperative outcomes were the secondary outcomes.MethodsA cohort retrospective study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of the modified ERAS protocol compared to SC in 61 patients who underwent RC (36 ERAS vs. 25 SC).ResultsThe modified ERAS protocol was associated with shorter length of stay (9.3 ± 5.0 days vs. 12.6 ± 6.7 days,P = 0.032) and reduction in important postoperative milestones, including days to first solid diet (3.5 ± 1.6 vs. 5.5 ± 1.5,P = 0.000), days to first defecation (4.8 ± 2.4 vs. 7.2 ± 2.4,P = 0.001), days to first walking (4.7 ± 2.2 vs. 7.9 ± 2.4,P = 0.000), and days to drain removal (3.9 ± 1.3 vs. 5.9 ± 2.5P = 0.001). Postoperative complications rates were lower in the modified ERAS groups, but the result was not statistically significant (P = 0.282). Also, there were no significant differences between transfusion requiring, intensive care monitoring, re-operation, and re-admission between groups.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that the modified ERAS protocol for RC can accelerate postoperative recovery without any adverse effects on morbidity and mortality.
Quantitative analysis of the blood transcriptome of young healthy pigs and its relationship with subsequent disease resilience
Authors: Lim Kyu-Sang , Cheng Jian , Putz Austin , Dong Qian , Bai Xuechun , Beiki Hamid , Tuggle Christopher K. , Dyck Michael K. , Canada Pig Gen , Fortin Frederic , Harding John C. S. , Plastow Graham S. , Dekkers Jack C. M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundDisease resilience, which is the ability of an animal to maintain performance under disease, is important for pigs in commercial herds, where they are exposed to various pathogens. Our objective was to investigate population-level gene expression profiles in the blood of 912 healthy F1 barrows at ~ 27 days of age for associations with performance and health before and after their exposure to a natural polymicrobial disease challenge at ~ 43 days of age.ResultsMost significant (q < 0.20) associations of the level of expression of individual genes in blood of young healthy pigs were identified for concurrent growth rate and subjective health scores prior to the challenge, and for mortality, a combined mortality-treatment trait, and feed conversion rate after the challenge. Gene set enrichment analyses revealed three groups of gene ontology biological process terms that were related to disease resilience: 1) immune and stress response-related terms were enriched among genes whose increased expression was unfavorably associated with both pre- and post-challenge traits, 2) heme-related terms were enriched among genes that had favorable associations with both pre- and post-challenge traits, and 3) terms related to protein localization and viral gene expression were enriched among genes that were associated with reduced performance and health traits after but not before the challenge.ConclusionsGene expression profiles in blood from young healthy piglets provide insight into their performance when exposed to disease and other stressors. The expression of genes involved in stress response, heme metabolism, and baseline expression of host genes related to virus propagation were found to be associated with host response to disease.
Differential effects of rat ADSCs encapsulation in fibrin matrix and combination delivery of BDNF and Gold nanoparticles on peripheral nerve regeneration
Authors: Razavi Shahnaz , Jahromi Maliheh , Vatankhah Elham , Seyedebrahimi Reihaneh 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundFibrin as an extracellular matrix feature like biocompatibility, creates a favorable environment for proliferation and migration of cells and it can act as a reservoir for storage and release of growth factors in tissue engineering.MethodsIn this study, the inner surface of electrospun poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanofibrous conduit was biofunctionalized with laminin containing brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and gold nanoparticles in chitosan nanoparticle. The rats were randomly divided into five groups, including autograft group as the positive control, PLGA conduit coated by laminin and filled with DMEM/F12, PLGA conduit coated by laminin and filled with rat-adipose derived stem cells (r-ADSCs), PLGA conduit coated by laminin containing gold-chitosan nanoparticles (AuNPs-CNPs), BDNF-chitosan nanoparticles (BDNF-CNPs) and filled with r-ADSCs or filled with r-ADSCs suspended in fibrin matrix, and they were implanted into a 10 mm rat sciatic nerve gap. Eventually, axonal regeneration and functional recovery were assessed after 12 weeks.ResultsAfter 3 months post-surgery period, the results showed that in the PLGA conduit filled with r-ADSCs without fibrin matrix group, positive effects were obtained as compared to other implanted groups by increasing the sciatic functional index significantly (p < 0.05). In addition, the diameter nerve fibers had a significant difference mean in the PLGA conduit coated by laminin and conduit filled with r-ADSCs in fibrin matrix groups relative to the autograft group (p < 0.001). However, G-ratio and amplitude (AMP) results showed that fibrin matrix might have beneficial effects on nerve regeneration but, immunohistochemistry and real-time RT-PCR outcomes indicated that the implanted conduit which filled with r-ADSCs, with or without BDNF-CNPs and AuNPs-CNPs had significantly higher expression of S100 and MBP markers than other conduit implanted groups (p < 0.05).ConclusionsIt seems, in this study differential effects of fibrin matrix, could be interfered it with other factors thereby and further studies are required to determine the distinctive effects of fibrin matrix combination with other exogenous factors in peripheral nerve regeneration.
Enhancement of plant cold tolerance by soybean RCC1 family gene GmTCF1a
Authors: Dong Zhanghui , Wang Hui , Li Xia , Ji Hongtao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Low temperature severely limits the growth, yield, and geographic distributions of soybean. Soybean plants respond to cold stress by reprogramming the expression of a series of cold-responsive genes. However, the intrinsic mechanism underlying cold-stress tolerance in soybean remains unclear. A. thaliana tolerant to chilling and freezing 1 (AtTCF1) is a regulator of chromosome condensation 1 (RCC1) family protein and regulates freezing tolerance through an independent C-repeat binding transcription factor (CBF) signaling pathway.

Results
In this study, we identified a homologous gene of AtTCF1 in soybean (named GmTCF1a), which mediates plant tolerance to low temperature. Like AtTCF1, GmTCF1a contains five RCC1 domains and is located in the nucleus. GmTCF1a is strongly and specifically induced by cold stress. Interestingly, ectopic overexpression of GmTCF1a in Arabidopsis greatly increased plant survival rate and decreased electrolyte leakage under freezing stress. A cold-responsive gene, COR15a, was highly induced in the GmTCF1a-overexpressing transgenic lines.

Conclusions
GmTCF1a responded specifically to cold stress, and ectopic expression of GmTCF1a enhanced cold tolerance and upregulated COR15a levels. These results indicate that GmTCF1a positively regulates cold tolerance in soybean and may provide novel insights into genetic improvement of cold tolerance in crops.
Declined ELABELA plasma levels in hypertension patients with atrial fibrillation: a case control study
Authors: Ma Zheng , Zhao Lei , Zhang Ye-ping , Zhong Jiu-chang , Yang Xin-chun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia in patients with hypertension. ELABELA, which has cardioprotective effects, is decreased in the plasma of patients with hypertension and might be associated with AF in the hypertensive population. This study aims to measure the ELABELA plasma levels in hypertension patients with and without AF and to analyse the related factors.

Methods
A total of 162 hypertension patients with or without AF were recruited for our monocentric observational study. Subjects were excluded if they had a history of valvular heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, thyroid diseases, or heart failure. The patients’ histories were recorded, and laboratory examinations were conducted. Plasma ELABELA was detected by immunoassay. Echocardiographs were performed, and parameters were collected by two experienced doctors. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify the association between ELABELA plasma level and AF in patients with hypertension.

Results
Plasma ELABELA levels were lower in hypertension patients with AF than in those without AF (2.0 [1.5, 2.8] vs. 4.0 [3.4, 5.0] ng/ml, P < 0.001). ELABELA levels were correlated with age, heart rate, BNP levels and left atrial dimension. In addition to the left atrial dimension, ELABELA plasma levels were associated with AF in patients with hypertension (OR 0.081, 95% CI 0.029–0.224, P < 0.001). ELABELA levels were further decreased in the persistent AF subgroup compared with the paroxysmal AF subgroup (1.8 [1.4, 2.5] vs. 2.2 [1.8, 3.0] ng/ml, P = 0.012) and correlated with HR, BNP and ESR levels.

Conclusions
ELALABELA levels were decreased in hypertension patients with AF and further lowered in the persistent AF subgroup. Decreased ELABELA plasma levels were associated with AF in hypertension patients and may be an underlying risk factor.
Hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chen Zhe , Liu Aihua , Cheng Yongjing , Wang Xutao , Xu Xiaomao , Huang Jia , Ma Yuqing , Gao Ming , Huang Cibo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Since the COVID-19 pandemic, several therapeutic agents have been used in COVID-19 management. However, the results were controversial. Here, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ)/chloroquine (CQ) in COVID-19.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of patients with COVID-19 admitted to an inpatient ward in Wuhan from 2020/Feb/08 to 2020/Mar/05. Patients with HCQ/CQ and age, gender, disease severity matched ones without HCQ/CQ were selected at a 1:2 ratio. The clinical, laboratory and imaging findings were compared between these two groups. The multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to identify the factors that might influence patients’ virus shedding periods (VSPs).

Results
A total of 14 patients with HCQ/CQ and 21 matched ones were analyzed. The HCQ/CQ treatment lasted for an average of 10.36 ± 3.12 days. The mean VSPs were longer in the HCQ/CQ treatment group (26.57 ± 10.35 days vs. 19.10 ± 7.80 days, P = 0.020). There were 3 patients deceased during inpatient period, two patients were with HCQ/CQ treatment (P = 0.551). In the multivariate linear regression analysis, disease durations at admission (t = 3.643, P = 0.001) and HCQ/CQ treatment (t = 2.637, P = 0.013) were independent parameters for patients’ VSPs. One patient with CQ had recurrent first-degree atrioventricular block (AVB) and obvious QTc elongation, another one complained about dizziness and blurred vision which disappeared after CQ discontinuation. One patient with HCQ had transient AVB.

Conclusions
In summary, we identify that the HCQ/CQ administration is not related to less mortality cases at later phase of COVID-19. More studies are needed to explore whether HCQ/CQ treatment would lead to SARS-Cov-2 RNA clearance delay or not.
Health care workers’ perceptions of episiotomy in the era of respectful maternity care: a qualitative study of an obstetric training program in Mexico
Authors: Garcia-Cerde Rodrigo , Torres-Pereda Pilar , Olvera-Garcia Marisela , Hulme Jennifer 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundEpisiotomy in Mexico is highly prevalent and often routine - performed in up to 95% of births to primiparous women. The WHO suggests that episiotomy be used in selective cases, with an expected prevalence of 15%. Training programs to date have been unsuccessful in changing this practice. This research aims to understand how and why this practice persists despite shifts in knowledge and attitudes facilitated by the implementation of an obstetric training program.MethodsThis is a descriptive and interpretative qualitative study. We conducted 53 pre and post-intervention (PRONTO© Program) semi-structured interviews with general physician, gynecologists and nurses (N = 32, 56% women). Thematic analysis was carried out using Atlas-ti© software to iteratively organize codes. Through interpretive triangulation, the team found theoretical saturation and explanatory depth on key analytical categories.ResultsThemes fell into five major themes surrounding their perceptions of episiotomy: as a preventive measure, as a procedure that resolves problems in the moment, as a practice that gives the clinician control, as a risky practice, and the role of social norms in practicing it. Results show contradictory discourses among professionals. Despite the growing support for the selective use of episiotomy, it remains positively perceived as an effective prophylaxis for the complications of childbirth while maintaining control in the hands of health care providers.ConclusionsPerceptions of episiotomy shed light on how and why routine episiotomy persists, and provides insight into the multi-faceted approaches that will be required to affect this harmful obstetrical practice.
Awareness of euglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis during pregnancy prevents recurrence of devastating outcomes: a case report of two pregnancies in one patient
Authors: Dargel Susanne , Schleußner Ekkehard , Kloos Christof , Groten Tanja , Weschenfelder Friederike 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Euglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) during pregnancy is a life-threatening obstetric emergency. It requires early identification and prompt action. Obstetricians’ knowledge about symptoms, diagnostic pitfalls and management during pregnancy and delivery need to be improved. We report a case of a young diabetic woman developing severe euglycaemic DKA in two consecutive pregnancies; the first pregnancy resulted in the most deviating outcome (i.e., intrauterine death), while the second pregnancy resulted in the delivery of a healthy newborn. Thus, the novelty of the case presented here is the possibility to demonstrate how the management of DKA in pregnancy can dramatically change outcomes.

Case presentation
We report a case of a young diabetic woman in whom DKA was concealed by hyperemesis and oesophageal reflux. This woman presented to our delivery unit with severe euglycaemic DKA during her first pregnancy. While the mother’s condition could be successfully stabilized, the foetus died shortly after admission. Two years later, the same woman presented with similar problems. Repeated episodes of mild euglycaemic DKA could be successfully managed with consequent interdisciplinary treatment and close observation, leading to a good pregnancy outcome, i.e., the birth of a healthy child.

Conclusion
Awareness of euglycaemic DKA needs to be increased to reduce the risk of severe complications during pregnancies in diabetic women. This case report demonstrates that increased awareness of DKA with immediate recognition and a successful multidisciplinary approach are mandatory for an positive pregnancy outcomes.