bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smart Guidance System for Blind with Wireless Voice Playback
Authors: Sumathy B , Pavithran K M , Nizam N , Surya V A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The visually impaired/blind people face many challenges and seeks help from the other people even for their daily routine life due to various complications. Also, they could not go independently outside, even for their basic needs and mentally depressed due to their current inability. A wearable navigation system/device is proposed and developed to help the blind people as well as the partially blind people or challenged people. The devised unit/prototype consists of the displacement measuring sensor for the detection of the obstacles and depth. The data received from the IR and Ultrasonic sensor is feed into the Arduino UNO Microcontroller and it is processed. The output from the controller is given to the impaired people through the wireless voice playback modem, to alert them when they found obstacle or collision. The receiver end receives the corresponding current position values through the navigation systems and the static, dynamic condition of the impaired people is measured using mems accelerometer and the same information (latitude, longitude) is shared as SMS to their family members or guardian to monitor them, during any emergency. The proposed guidance cane is a cheap, simple, user friendly and smart device.
Study on Human Fingers Perception over Textured Surfaces for the Textural Applications in Haptics Technology
Authors: Ravikanth Dadi , Hariharan P. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Haptics technology uses skin as a source for feedback and helps in the perception of the stimulus. There are various types of actuators or displays used in haptics perception, like electro-tactile, vibrotactile, thermal coil and physical pins. These actuators require larger neural density for being used as an application. Hairy and Non-Hairy skin, its neural density pattern must be observed for perception memory applications. The textural applications in haptics technology are one of the kinds which use skin and its perception levels. The paper discusses the behaviour of fingertips and fingertip’s skin behaviour pattern towards textural applications in tactile feedback. The experiment in the paper uses psychophysical assumptions and single-blinded method of perception over six human participants under three environmental condition, and 10 stimuli which are used in everyday activity. The experimental result focuses on the perception time and perception memory of human fingertips, which will a comparative data with real-time haptic feedback. The experimental methods discussed in the paper addresses low-cost perception experiment for a preliminary study of haptics textural applications.
Semi-Autonomous Parking system for Automatic Transmission vehicles
Authors: Ohol S. S. , Kaware S. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes an automated perpendicular parking strategy for a car which is to be designed. The design considers general cases of perpendicular parking for a rectangular body within a rectangular space. The system works in phases named: The Scanning phase, the parking environment is detected by ultrasonic sensors mounted on the extreme ends of body and a parking position and maneuvering path is produced if the space is enough. Then in the positioning phase, the model positions itself and get aligned with the parking space avoiding potential collisions. Finally, in maneuvering phase, the model moves to the parking position in the parking space in a specified path, which requires clutch, brake control, backward and forward maneuvers depending on the dimensions of the parking space. Based on the characteristics, a collision-free path is planned about the surroundings. The strategy is to be integrated into an automated parking system, and implemented in the car, showing capable of safe parallel parking in tight situations and as automated parking device to help vehicle drivers.
RETRACTED: Obstacle Avoidance Algorithms: A Review
Authors: Abhishek Talabattula Sai , Schilberg Daniel , Arockia Doss Arockia Selvakumar 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
It is only with time that the efficiency or the effectiveness of the algorithms for obstacle avoidance gets better, and experiences of any kind can be inferred for the betterment of the knowledge on this domain. For a mobile robot navigating its way from starting point to an ending point while traversing through deterrents, needs to divide the problem into sub problems. It fundamentally involves, sensory data interpretation, choosing apt algorithm based on the objective function, and configuring the mobile robot accordingly to attain desired output. In this paper, few essential classifications for obstacle avoidance and robot navigation algorithms are discussed. Importance of the hardware aspect of the robot is undeniable. A set of algorithms were classified into 2 main classifications which are further divided into sub classifications in an arranged and concise manner. This information can be used to develop a suitable model for the given problem. Understanding fundamental ideas or strategies would allow in developing a novel extended strategy, although few specialized strategies are saturated, nevertheless can still be used as valuable alternatives. These alternatives may involve algorithms which have paramount potential, per se which are interestingly similar to the functioning of a brain, nature-inspired, etc.
PSO Based Selective Harmonic Elimination PWM for Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter
Authors: Sivagama Sundari M.S. , Periyasamy D. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A Single phase Cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter topology fed by Photovoltaic source for the reduction of harmonics is proposed in this paper. Selective Harmonic Elimination technique is employed for elimination of 5th, 7th, 11th and 13th lower order harmonics and the particle swarm optimization algorithm is employed for estimating the switching angles. As a novelty, in order to maintain the power balance among the various sources, a cyclic selection procedure is adopted that over a period of operation also the sources equally contribute for the output power. MATLAB software is used for optimization and the results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The performance of the Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm has been compared against the performance of the Genetic Algorithm.
Design and Simulation of Magnetic Levitation System
Authors: Maheedhar M , Deepa T. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper deals with the designing of magnetic levitation methodology depends on finite element method simulation. Sequences of simulations were performing, by changing the turn’s number of the coil and by varying the current passing through coil to construct the coil capable of generating the field of 0.6016T. From the simulation result it was found that by varying the number of turns of the coil and current passing through coil, magnetic field generation also varied to levitate the body.
Embedding Complete Bipartite Graph into Quadrilateral Snake
Authors: Leo Joshwa P , Berin Greeni A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper deals with the technique that maps a guest graph into a host graph, known as Graph embedding. This tool is used in the simulation of interconnection networks. The exact wirelength of embedding complete bipartite graphs into quadrilateral snakes is considered as a research problem in this paper.
A Similarity Measure for Text Document Using Term Cardinality
Authors: Sumathi S. , Hannah Grace G. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
With enormous development of digital technology, data is being generated at rapid rate with various application domains. Data has to be extracted or filtered to find useful information. A basic concept for these tasks and applications are the distance measures to effectively determine how similar two objects are. In this paper, a novel similarity measure for clustering text documents is proposed using the cardinality of the terms in the documents. The bench mark algorithm k-medoids is used for clustering task. The results obtained from the proposed distance measure are compared with other standard distance measures like Manhattan, Euclidean distance measure. Dunn Index is used to analyze the cluster validation of the results obtained from the distance measure.
Optimization of Harmonious coloring problem in Uniform theta graph and torus Network
Authors: Franklin Thamil Selvi M.S , Amutha A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Coloring of graphs has been extraordinarily widened areas of investigation. A coloring of a graph can be depicted by a capacity that maps pieces of a graph into some plan of numbers commonly called labels or hues, all together that some property is satisfied. In this article we deal with the harmonious chromatic number of central graph of generalized uniform theta graph and torus network. A coloring c: V → ℕ of the nodes is a harmonious coloring if and only if the coloring is proper and for each and every line (e
1, e
2) ∈ E the line color (c(e
1), c(e
2)) is distinctive that is it emerge solely once.
Problematizing Hybridity and Third Place in The Immigrant
Authors: Caro Velma J , Alan G 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The study purveys the hybrid nature of the first generation of settlers in The Immigrant. Manju Kapur has imbibed the bourgeois characteristics in the characters like Ananda, Dr Sharma and Nina. Identity crisis, a quest for self-identity and a contrast in Indian and Canadian style of living is predominantly evidenced in the novel, which leads to the idea of third place. This paper significantly identifies an unquenchable need for third places in the immigrants. The findings are of two parts: the first part identifies the hybrid qualities of the characters and the second part of the paper spots the need for third places in the characters. Further study correlates the characteristics of the Third Places with the places found in the novel by stating those as a source of elevation from the clutches of westernisation. The amalgamation of Hybridity and ‘Third Places’ theories dissect the novel whereby justifies the title of the paper.
A Study on Finite Difference Explicit Numerical Method of Symmetric Hyperbolic Partial Differential Equation
Authors: Sowmiya P. , Revathi G.K. , Sakthipriya M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Explicit method approaches numerical analysis for obtaining numerical approximation to the solution in time dependent partial differential equation and ordinary differential equation which is required in computer application and physical processes. Mainly explicit methods are used to calculate the system at current time. Explicit method are very simple but not stable. Mainly in explicit numerical methods, parameters are calculated based on previous levels and also explicit solutions are independent to other values. For example the unsteady heat equation can be solved explicitly. The present paper is concerned with explicit numerical method of symmetric hyperbolic partial differential equation by using constant indices and also we proved the monotonical preserving values and also discussed the symmetrical hyperbolic partial differential equation with constant coefficients.
The Study of Advanced Scientific Experiments in Avatar- A Postcolonial Perspective
Authors: Vijayasekaran P. , Alan G. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Scientific advancement is used for the welfare of many people across the world. Even in the times of pandemic, the advancement of science has paved way for digital communication. But in this paper, an analysis is going to be made on how the humans had misused the scientific advancement to conquer a planet called Pandora in the movie Avatar to destroy the inhabitants of the planet who are referred to as Na’vi and to plunder a valuable natural mineral called unobtanium. This movie is an indirect adaptation of science versus nature, the argument to be made in this research paper is that nature is the base for everything, but people are deconstructing it with the scientific advancements, it is arguably like placing our own lives into misery. The question is that do we really need science for a happy life but the indigenous people in Pandora lived happily before the invasion of science in their planet, this is going to be further analysed in this research paper. The title emphasizes on the scientific advancement because this paper aims to discuss the impact of the advanced science that is depicted in the movie.
Embedding of Circulant Networks into Wheels
Authors: Mary Stalin , Rajasingh Indra 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Circulant graphs have been studied over many years because of its vast applications in telecommunication industry. We find the minimum wirelengths of embedding the circulant graph G(n; ±{1, 2}) and G(n; ±{1, 2, …, j}) into variation of wheel graphs on n vertices in this paper.
Automated Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy Using Intuitionistic Fuzzy Digital Convex Envelope Segmentation Algorithm
Authors: Meenakshi S. , Amsini P. , Uma Rani R. , Amsaveni D. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is an ailment of the retinal vessels, which progresses about in most of the diabetes mellitus patients with high blood sugar levels. A framework for automated detection of disorders of the retinal vessels is proposed and examined in this article. As intuitionistic fuzzy sets are being defined through membership and nonmembership functions, they play a vital role in digital image processing to detect the disorder part more clearly. Moreover, shape is a crucial one in numerous areas such as object identification, detection, geomorphology and biology characterization. The intuitionistic fuzzy digital convex envelope is used to measure and analyze the shape of the image of the affected part. The various stages concerned in the process are image acquisition, preprocessing and segmenting the disorder region by the new proposed intuitionistic fuzzy digital convex envelope algorithm. Foremost, this automatic segmentation method reduces the manual work errors and time consuming.
Effect of acid on the early strength of aluminum sulfate series alkali-free accelerator
Authors: Wang Liya , Cai Guisheng , Gong Yukun , Liu Jun , Lu Tongwei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This article introduces the effect of acid on the setting time, early strength and stability of aluminum sulfate alkali-free accelerator. The inorganic acids used are phosphoric acid, hydrofluoric acid and fluorosilicic acid, and the organic acids are oxalic acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. As a result, it was found that increasing the amount of acid can increase the stability of the accelerator. The product of the anion in acid and calcium ion in cement is easy to form. The product damages the network structure of the cement paste, and the early strength is low.
Effects of temperature and water-to-cement ratio on autogenous shrinkage of oil well cement
Authors: Pang Xueyu , Sun Lijun , Santos Araujo Socorria Dos , Bu Yuhuan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The chemical shrinkage and corrugated tube test methods were used to study the shrinkage behaviour of Class G oil well cement with water-to-cement (w/c) ratios of 0.3 and 0.5, cured at temperatures from 15 to 60°C. The experimental results show that the typical linear shrinkage evolution curve of a cement slurry obtained by corrugated tube method have an obvious inflection point, beyond which the linear shrinkage increase is close to zero. The time at which the inflection point is observed decreases significantly with increasing curing temperature, but varies very little with w/c ratio. The inflection time also shows approximately linear correlation with the setting time of the cement (The two are almost equal for w/c=0.3). The degree of hydration corresponding with the initial and final setting time were estimated based on chemical shrinkage test results and the relationships between estimated volumetric bulk shrinkage and chemical shrinkage were analyzed.
Effect of various testing parameters on the experimental evaluation of oil well cement cured under simulated downhole conditions
Authors: Qin Jiankun , Pang Xueyu , Liu Zhongfei , Ai Zhengqing , Li Ning 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
It is well known that regular oil well cement systems experiences strength retrogression at curing temperatures above 110°C and silica sand is typically added to mitigate strength reduction. However, due to the complex experimental procedures associated with high temperature and high pressure curing of oil well cement specimens in the laboratory, historical test data tend to suffer significant uncertainties. A comprehensive study of the various influencing factors on the physical and mechanical property test results of oil well cement system cured under 200°C is conducted here. The specific influencing factors investigated include curing time (from 14d to 69d), depressurization rate, curing pressure (50MPa vs 150MPa), specimen size (diameter of 25mm vs 50mm) and curing autoclave design. The property of the set cement evaluated include strength and modulus, permeability, indentation modulus and hardness, etc. Test results suggest bigger specimen size and faster depressurization rate may lead to significant specimen damage, causing experimental artifact. Different autoclave design may also lead to significant differences in the mechanical property of the set cement even under the same curing temperature and pressure.
The effect of the thickness of steel pipe in linear and 2-dimensional stiffness analysis during design of transmission tower
Authors: Song Yuxi , Chen Xianqi , Di Zijian , Sun Yihang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Transmission towers are truss structures which are used to support the transmission power lines. It is important to design the transmission towers because unsuitable dimensions could waste the steel or lead to the failure of transmission towers. The thickness of the beam is a critical parameter during the design of transmission tower, which is directly related with the safety of the transmission tower. In this paper, a finite element method in linear and 2-dimension was employed to simulate the mechanical behaviour of transmission tower. Based on the calculated results, the variations of the maximum stress and the maximum displacement with the increasing thickness were displayed. Both the stress and displacement decrease dramatically with the increasing thickness and reach to a stable value if the thickness is beyond a critical thickness. When the thickness changes from 1 mm to 4 mm, the maximum stress and the maximum displacement decrease by 74%. When the thickness is more than 4 mm, the reduction of stress and displacement is not obvious. The percentage reduction of more than 70% is determined to be the criterion for optimum thickness. The relationships can be used in the design of the transmission tower.
Foaming effect influence of PBT / ABS resin as a reducing agent in foamed asphalt
Authors: Huang Ming , Chen Hongpo , Shi Xiao , Wen Xuejun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Foamed asphalt provides good environmental protection characteristics and economy. The utilization rate of old materials in foam asphalt recycling technology is higher than that of emulsified asphalt. Due to the lack of performance, the application scope of foam asphalt recycling technology is limited. In order to maintain high utilization rate of recycled asphalt concrete and improve the performance of foamed asphalt mixture, it will be the focus of research. In recent studies, adding a reducing agent into the regeneration process of foamed asphalt is a new technology. According to the test results of reduction performance of asphalt SARA four components, the PBT/ABS resin (Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene modified by Polybutylene Terephthalate) has excellent asphalt reduction effect, and PBT/ABS resin has good compatibility with emulsified asphalt after emulsification. Therefore, based on the existing foaming theory, the influence of asphalt temperature and water consumption on asphalt foaming with PBT / ABS resin reducing agent was designed. The influence of asphalt temperature and water consumption on foamed asphalt modified by PBT / ABS resin reducing agent was discussed. The results show that the PBT/ABS resin has larger foam volume than ordinary foam asphalt, but the average diameter of foam is slightly smaller. Similar to ordinary foamed asphalt, expansion rate and half-life are opposite to that of water consumption. Water consumption and asphalt temperature have significant effects on foaming effect. At the same temperature, with the increase of water consumption, the expansion rate increases and the half-life decreases. Under the same water consumption, the higher the foaming temperature, the greater the expansion rate. However, when the temperature reaches 160 °C, the expansion rate of asphalt does not vary with the temperature. With the increase of temperature, asphalt with different temperature has different optimal foaming water consumption. Finally, the optimum foaming conditions of PBT/ABS resin foam are given as follows: the best foaming temperature is 140 C, the water consumption is 3.8%, the ultimate expansion rate is 21.5%, and the half-life is 22.5s.
Study on non-destructive reinforcing material of modified one component polyurethane for tunnel crack disease prevention
Authors: Wang Zhiwei , Ma Weibin , Ma Zhaohui 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In view of the defects of tunnel lining structure such as cracking and block dropping, cavity behind, honeycomb and pitted surface, construction joint dislocation and other defects, the technical research direction for non-destructive reinforcement materials in tunnel is proposed. The polyamide curing coating agent and one-component polyurethane protective material with high adhesion, good elongation, large tensile strength and rapid drying are developed. The above materials are described The application technology and key points of brush coating, rolling coating and scraping coating can provide reference for related engineering application.
Rapid prototyping of PDMS microdevices via µPLAT on nonplanar surfaces with flexible hollow-out mask
Authors: Yan Shiqiang , Wang Shuting , Hao Zhujing , Liu Meimei , Miao Chunyue , Alam Md. Fazle , Bai Ruihan , Li Linmei , Luo Yong , Liu Tingjiao , Lin Bingcheng , Zhang Weijia , Lu Yao 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A major goal of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfabrication is to develop a simple and inexpensive method for rapid fabrication. Despite the recent advancements in this field, facile PDMS microfabrication on non-planar surfaces remains elusive. Here we report a facile method for rapid prototyping of PDMS microdevices via µPLAT (microscale plasma-activated templating) on non-planar surfaces through micropatterning of hydrophilic/hydrophobic (HL/HB) interface by flexible polyvinyl chloride (PVC) hollow-out mask. This mask can be easily prepared with flexible PVC film through a cutting crafter and applied as pattern definer during the plasma treatment for microscale HL/HB interface formation on different substrates. The whole process requires low inputs in terms of time as well as toxic chemicals. Inspired by liquid molding, we demonstrated its use for rapid prototyping of PDMS microstructures. Following the proof-of-concept study, we also demonstrated the use of the flexible hollow-out mask to facilitate cell patterning on curved substrates, which is difficult to realize with conventional methods. Collectively, our work utilizes flexible and foldable PVC film as mask materials for facile microscale HL non-planar surface modification to establish a useful tool for PDMS prototyping and cell patterning.