bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensibilidad intercultural, clima escolar y contacto intergrupal en estudiantes de educación primaria y secundaria de la Región Metropolitana de Santiago de Chile
Authors: Lahoz i Ubach Sònia , Cordeu Cuccia Cecilia 
Published: January 2021

En este estudio se evaluó la sensibilidad intercultural, el clima escolar y contacto intergrupal de 1729 adolescentes de escuelas municipales de la comuna de Santiago, 74,4% de los cuales nacidos en Chile. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo transversal, con cuestionarios autoadministrados, analizando luego los datos con t de Student, ANOVA y análisis regresión múltiple. Los resultados dan cuenta de que el alumnado presenta niveles aceptables de sensibilidad intercultural sin diferenciarse por edad. Las adolescentes y el alumnado extranjero presentan mayor sensibilidad intercultural que sus pares. Los resultados también indican que la presencia de estudiantes de distintas nacionalidades, por sí sola, no favorece la sensibilidad intercultural. Es el clima escolar, a través del apoyo al pluralismo cultural en las escuelas, las interacciones positivas y negativas entre estudiantes, junto con el contacto intergrupal en forma de tareas conjuntas, las dimensiones que inciden en la sensibilidad intercultural, explicando un 23% de su varianza. Los resultados son concordantes con estudios internacionales y suponen un insumo para el desarrollo de intervenciones en aulas multiculturales enfocadas a favorecer la comunicación intercultural entre estudiantes de distintas nacionalidades.
In this study the intercultural sensitivity was assessed together with school climate and intergroup contact of 1729 primary and secondary students from Santiago de Chile, 74,4% were born in Chile. The study was a cross-sectional quantitative study with self-administered questionnaires. Data was analysed using T-Students, ANOVA and multiple linear regression. The results show that students have intercultural sensitivity with no difference by age. At the same time, girls and foreign-born children present more intercultural sensitivity than their peers. The results also show that the mere presence of students from different nationalities does not favour intercultural sensitivity. It is the school climate, especially through support to cultural pluralism, positive and negative interactions with peers, together with intercultural contact in the form of doing homework together, that affect intercultural sensitivity, explaining 23% of its variance. The results are in line with international studies and are an input for multicultural classrooms focused in intercultural communication between students of different nationalities.
Prediction of state anxiety by machine learning applied to photoplethysmography data
Authors: Perpetuini David , Chiarelli Antonio Maria , Cardone Daniela , Filippini Chiara , Rinella Sergio , Massimino Simona , Bianco Francesco , Bucciarelli Valentina , Vinciguerra Vincenzo , Fallica Piero , Perciavalle Vincenzo , Gallina Sabina , Conoci Sabrina , Merla Arcangelo 
Published: January 2021

Background
As the human behavior is influenced by both cognition and emotion, affective computing plays a central role in human-machine interaction. Algorithms for emotions recognition are usually based on behavioral analysis or on physiological measurements (e.g., heart rate, blood pressure). Among these physiological signals, pulse wave propagation in the circulatory tree can be assessed through photoplethysmography (PPG), a non-invasive optical technique. Since pulse wave characteristics are influenced by the cardiovascular status, which is affected by the autonomic nervous activity and hence by the psychophysiological state, PPG might encode information about emotional conditions. The capability of a multivariate data-driven approach to estimate state anxiety (SA) of healthy participants from PPG features acquired on the brachial and radial artery was investigated.

Methods
The machine learning method was based on General Linear Model and supervised learning. PPG was measured employing a custom-made system and SA of the participants was assessed through the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y) test.

Results
A leave-one-out cross-validation framework showed a good correlation between STAI-Y score and the SA predicted by the machine learning algorithm (r = 0.81; p = 1.87∙10−9). The preliminary results suggested that PPG can be a promising tool for emotions recognition, convenient for human-machine interaction applications.
Hyperglycemia in severe traumatic brain injury patients and its association with thirty-day mortality: a prospective observational cohort study in Uganda
Authors: Matovu Paul , Kirya Musa , Galukande Moses , Kiryabwire Joel , Mukisa John , Ocen William , Lowery Wilson Michael , Abio Anne , Lule Herman 
Published: January 2021

Background
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a growing public health concern that can be complicated with an acute stress response. This response may be assessed by monitoring blood glucose levels but this is not routine in remote settings. There is a paucity of data on the prevalence of hyperglycemia and variables associated with mortality after severe TBI in Uganda.

Objective
We aimed to determine the prevalence of hyperglycemia in patients with severe TBI and variables associated with 30-day mortality at Mulago National Referral Hospital in Uganda.

Methods
We consecutively enrolled a cohort 99 patients patients with severe TBI. Serum glucose levels were measured at admission and after 24 h. Other study variables included: mechanism of injury, CT findings, location and size of hematoma, and socio-demographics. The main outcome was mortality after 30 days of management and this was compared in patients with hyperglycemia more than 11.1 mmol/L to those without.

Results
Most patients (92.9%) were male aged 18–30 years (47%). Road Traffic Collisions were the most common cause of severe TBI (64.7%) followed by assault (17.1%) and falls (8.1%). Nearly one in six patients were admitted with hyperglycemia more than 11.1 mmol/L. The mortality rate in severe TBI patients with hyperglycemia was 68.8% (OR 1.47; 95% CI [0.236–9.153]; P = 0.063) against 43.7% in those without hyperglycemia. The presence of hypothermia (OR 10.17; 95% CI [1.574–65.669]; P = 0.015) and convulsions (OR 5.64; 95% CI [1.541–19.554]; P = 0.009) were significant predictors of mortality.

Conclusion
Hypothermia and convulsions at admission were major predictors of mortality in severe TBI. Early hyperglycemia following severe TBI appears to occur with a tendency towards high mortality. These findings justify routine glucose monitoring and could form the basis for establishing a blood sugar control protocol for such patients in remote settings.
RP-HPLC Method Development and Validation for the Determination of Pemigatinib using Design of Experiments Approach
Authors: Srujani C. H. , Harika K. , Nataraj K. S. , Pawar A. Krishna Manjari 
Published: January 2021

Aim: To develop and validate a simple, precise, accurate and robust RP-HPLC method for the determination of Pemigatinib by using Design of Experiments (DoE) approach.
Study Design: A 23 Factorial design consisting of three factors at two levels was considered for the experimental plan initially to select the initial chromatographic conditions and optimization was done using Box-Behnken Design. The critical method parameters selected for optimization were % Organic phase composition, pH of the buffer and flow rate. The critical quality attributes investigated were retention time, theoretical plates and tailing factor.
Methodology: Chromatographic separation was achieved on Agilent Zorbax XDB C18 (250×4.6 mm, 5 µm) column maintained at ambient temperature and PDA-UV detection set at 262nm. The optimized and predicted data from the Design Expert® (12.0.12.0) modelling software (Stat-Ease Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) consisted of mobile phase 0.1% OPA pH 2.5 buffer (60%): Acetonitrile (40%) pumped at a flow rate of 1.06ml/min gave the highest desirability.
Results: The retention time of the drug was found to be 3.258 min. The developed method was linear over the concentration range of 25-150 µg/mL with correlation coefficient of 0.999. The optimized method was validated as per ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines.
Conclusion: Based on the ANOVA results, the selected models for the responses retention time and tailing factor were found to be significant with P=0.05. 2D Contour plots were used to visualize the effect of factors and their interactions on the responses. Design validation was done using predicted vs. actual plots for the responses. The results of the validation parameters were within the acceptable limit. The stability of the drug was examined under different stress conditions forcibly and significant degradation was found in reductive condition.
Functional hemisphere imbalance in patients with paranoid or disorganized schizophrenia
Authors: Spivak B , Karny N , Katz G , Radwan M , Apter A , Master R , Weizman A 
Published: July 2002

SummaryWe assessed hemisphere function in right-handed male chronic schizophrenic patients using dichotic listening tests. We evaluated digit, tonic and transitional tests in patients with paranoid schizophrenia (n = 8), patients with disorganized schizophrenia (n = 8) and in control subjects (n = 8). The dichotic listening analysis discriminated between paranoid and disorganized schizophrenia. In disorganized schizophrenia, functional impairment of both hemispheres was demonstrated, while in paranoid schizophrenia dysfunction was more prominent in the right hemisphere. These results indicate the possible involvement of right hemisphere dysfunction in the pathophysiology of chronic paranoid schizophrenia, in contrast to dysfunction of both hemispheres in chronic disorganized schizophrenia.
Astragaloside IV protects against iron loading‐induced abnormal differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs)
Authors: Jin Hui , Du Jianyang , Ren Huan , Yang Guofu , Wang Wenbo , Du Jianyang 
Published: January 2021

Iron loading has been reported to be a common stress in the development of cells, and this might be related to bone loss and osteoporosis. Astragaloside IV (ASI‐IV), a pure compound derived from Radix Astragali, has been reported to exhibit cardioprotective, anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, antiasthmatic and anticancer effects. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ASI‐IV could reverse iron loading‐induced inhibition of cell viability, proliferation, pluripotency and osteogenesis and promote adipogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) was used to stimulate iron loading conditions. ASI‐IV was observed to ameliorate the FAC‐induced reduction of cell viability, proliferation, pluripotency and osteogenesis of BMSCs. In addition, ASI‐IV could block the increased adipogenesis of BMSCs after FAC treatment. We intraperitoneally injected mice with 250 mg·kg−1 iron dextran, with or without ASI‐IV (40 mg·kg−1), for 4 weeks. ASI‐IV inhibited the iron loading‐induced bone loss of these mice. Furthermore, ASI‐IV played a protective role in iron loading‐induced abnormal differentiation of BMSCs by regulating iron homeostasis and metabolism. In summary, our study suggesteds that ASI‐IV might have potentials for development into a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of iron loading‐induced abnormal differentiation of BMSCs and osteoporosis.
Tissue xanthine oxidoreductase activity in a mouse model of aristolochic acid nephropathy
Authors: Ishii Takeo , Kumagae Tomohiro , Wakui Hiromichi , Urate Shingo , Tanaka Shohei , Abe Eriko , Suzuki Toru , Yamaji Takahiro , Kinguchi Sho , Kobayashi Ryu , Haruhara Kotaro , Nakamura Takashi , Kobayashi Shuzo , Tamura Kouichi 
Published: January 2021

Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is a critical enzyme in purine metabolism and uric acid production, and its levels are reported to increase during stress, thereby promoting organ damage. Herein, we investigated the activity of XOR in a mouse model of aristolochic acid I (AA)‐induced nephropathy, a type of nephrotoxic chronic kidney disease (CKD). A persistent decrease in renal function was observed in mice up to 4 weeks after 4 weeks of AA (2.5 mg kg−1) administration. Renal histology revealed an increase in tubular interstitial fibrosis over time. Although AA administration did not change XOR activity in the plasma, heart, liver, or muscle, XOR activity was persistently increased in renal tissue. Our results suggest that the renal tissue‐specific increase in XOR activity is involved in the progression of tubulo‐interstitial disorders, specifically fibrosis.
Experimental evaluation of the GE NM/CT 870 CZT clinical SPECT system equipped with WEHR and MEHRS collimator
Authors: Ito Toshimune , Matsusaka Yohji , Onoguchi Masahisa , Ichikawa Hajime , Okuda Koichi , Shibutani Takayuki , Shishido Masaaki , Sato Kozo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurposeA high‐energy‐resolution whole‐body SPECT‐CT device (NM/CT 870 CZT; C‐SPECT) equipped with a CZT detector has been developed and is being used clinically. A MEHRS collimator has also been developed recently, with an expected improvement in imaging accuracy using medium‐energy radionuclides. The objective of this study was to compare and analyze the accuracies of the following devices: a WEHR collimator and the MEHRS collimator installed on a C‐SPECT, and a NaI scintillation detector‐equipped Anger‐type SPECT (A‐SPECT) scanner, with a LEHR and LMEGP.MethodsA line phantom was used to measure the energy resolutions including collimator characteristics in the planar acquisition of each device using 99mTc and 123I. We also measured the system's sensitivity and high‐contrast resolution using a lead bar phantom. We evaluated SPECT spatial resolution, high‐contrast resolution, radioactivity concentration linearity, and homogeneity, using a basic performance evaluation phantom. In addition, the effect of scatter correction was evaluated by varying the sub window (SW) employed for scattering correction.ResultsThe energy resolution with 99mTc was 5.6% in C‐SPECT with WEHR and 9.9% in A‐SPECT with LEHR. Using 123I, the results were 9.1% in C‐SPECT with WEHR, 5.5% in C‐SPECT with MEHRS, and 10.4% in A‐SPECT with LMEGP. The planar spatial resolution was similar under all conditions, but C‐SPECT performed better in SPECT acquisition. High‐contrast resolution was improved in C‐SPECT under planar condition and SPECT. The sensitivity and homogeneity were improved by setting the SW for scattering correction to 3% of the main peak in C‐SPECT.ConclusionC‐SPECT demonstrates excellent energy resolution and improved high‐contrast resolution for each radionuclide. In addition, when using 123I, careful attention should be paid to SW for scatter correction. By setting the appropriate SW, C‐SPECT with MEHRS has an excellent scattered ray removal effect, and highly homogenous imaging is possible while maintaining the high‐contrast resolution.
MRI evaluation of normal tissue deformation and breathing motion under an abdominal compression device
Authors: Lee Maureen , Simeonov Anna , Stanescu Teo , Dawson Laura A. , Brock Kristy K. , Velec Michael 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurposeAbdominal compression can minimize breathing motion in stereotactic radiotherapy, though it may impact the positioning of dose‐limiting normal tissues. This study quantified the reproducibility of abdominal normal tissues and respiratory motion with the use of an abdominal compression device using MR imaging.MethodsTwenty healthy volunteers had repeat MR over 3 days under an abdominal compression plate device. Normal tissues were delineated on daily axial T2‐weighted MR and compared on days 2 and 3 relative to day 1, after adjusting for baseline shifts relative to bony anatomy. Inter‐fraction organ deformation was computed using deformable registration of axial T2 images. Deformation > 5 mm was assumed to be clinically relevant. Inter‐fraction respiratory amplitude changes and intra‐fraction baseline drifts during imaging were quantified on daily orthogonal cine‐MR (70 s each), and changes > 3 mm were assumed to be relevant.ResultsOn axial MR, the mean inter‐fraction normal tissue deformation was > 5 mm for all organs (range 5.1–13.4 mm). Inter‐fraction compression device misplacements > 5 mm and changes in stomach volume > 50% occurred at a rate of 93% and 38%, respectively, in one or more directions and were associated with larger adjacent organ deformation, in particular for the duodenum. On cine‐MR, inter‐fraction amplitude changes > 3 mm on day 2 and 3 relative to day 1 occurred at a rate of < 12.5% (mean superior–inferior change was 1.6 mm). Intra‐fraction baseline drifts > 3 mm during any cine‐MR acquisition occurred at a rate of 23% (mean superior–inferior changes was 2.4 mm).ConclusionsRespiratory motion under abdominal compression is reproducible in most subjects within 3 mm. However, inter‐fraction deformations greater than 5 mm in normal tissues were common and larger than inter‐ and intra‐fraction respiratory changes. Deformations were driven mostly by variable stomach contents and device positioning. The magnitude of this motion may impact normal tissue dosimetry during stereotactic radiotherapy.
Central nervous system vascular malformations: A clinical review
Authors: Sabayan Behnam , Lineback Christina , Viswanathan Anand , Leslie‐Mazwi Thabele M. , Shaibani Ali 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCNS vascular malformation is an umbrella term that encompasses a wide variety of pathologies, with a wide range of therapeutic and diagnostic importance. This range spans lesions with a risk of devastating neurological compromise to lesions with a slow, static or benign course. Advances in neurovascular imaging along with increased utilization of these advances, have resulted in more frequent identification of these lesions. In this article, we provide an overview on definitions and classifications of CNS vascular malformations and outline the etiologic, diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic features for each entity. This review covers intracranial and spinal cord vascular malformations and discusses syndromes associated with CNS vascular malformations.
Impact or No Impact for Women With Mild Knee Osteoarthritis: A Bayesian Meta‐Analysis of Two Randomized Controlled Trials With Contrasting Interventions
Authors: Heikkinen Risto , Waller Benjamin , Munukka Matti , Multanen Juhani , Heinonen Ari , Karvanen Juha 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveTo predict the probability of a benefit from 2 contrasting exercise programs for women with a new diagnosis of mild knee osteoarthritis, and to estimate the short‐ and long‐term effects of aquatic resistance training (ART) and high‐impact aerobic land training (HLT) compared with a control.MethodsOriginal data sets from 2 previously conducted randomized controlled trials were combined and used in a Bayesian meta‐analysis. Group differences in multiple response variables were estimated. Variables included cardiorespiratory fitness, dynamic maximum leg muscle power, maximal isometric knee extension and flexion force, pain, other symptoms, and quality of life. The statistical model included a latent commitment variable for each female participant.ResultsART had a 55–71% probability of benefits in the outcome variables, and as the main effect, the intervention outperformed the control in cardiorespiratory fitness, with a probability of 71% immediately after the intervention period. HLT had a 46–63% probability of benefits after intervention with the outcome variables, but differently from ART; the positive effects of physical performance fade away during the follow‐up period. Overall, the differences between groups were small, and the variation in the predictions between individuals was high.ConclusionBoth interventions had benefits, but ART has a slightly higher probability of long‐term benefits on physical performance. Because of high individual variation and no clear advantage of one training method over the other, personal preferences should be considered in the selection of the exercise program to ensure highest commitment to training.
Steering Molecular Activity with Optogenetics: Recent Advances and Perspectives
Authors: Oh Teak‐Jung , Fan Huaxun , Skeeters Savanna S. , Zhang Kai 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOptogenetics utilizes photosensitive proteins to manipulate the localization and interaction of molecules in living cells. Because light can be rapidly switched and conveniently confined to the sub‐micrometer scale, optogenetics allows for controlling cellular events with an unprecedented resolution in time and space. The past decade has witnessed an enormous progress in the field of optogenetics within the biological sciences. The ever‐increasing amount of optogenetic tools, however, can overwhelm the selection of appropriate optogenetic strategies. Considering that each optogenetic tool may have a distinct mode of action, a comparative analysis of the current optogenetic toolbox can promote the further use of optogenetics, especially by researchers new to this field. This review provides such a compilation that highlights the spatiotemporal accuracy of current optogenetic systems. Recent advances of optogenetics in live cells and animal models are summarized, the emerging work that interlinks optogenetics with other research fields is presented, and exciting clinical and industrial efforts to employ optogenetic strategy toward disease intervention are reported.
3D Printed Nanocarbon Frameworks for Li‐Ion Battery Cathodes
Authors: Gao Wanli , Pumera Martin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe use of conductive carbon materials in 3D‐printing is attracting growing academic and industrial attention in electrochemical energy storage due to the high customization and on‐demand capabilities of the additive manufacturing. However, typical polymers used in conductive filaments for 3D printing show high resistivity and low compatibility with electrochemical energy applications. Removal of insulating thermoplastics in as‐printed materials is a common post‐printing strategy, however, excessive loss of thermoplastics can weaken the structural integrity. This work reports a two‐step surface engineering methodology for fabrication of 3D‐printed carbon materials for electrochemical applications, incorporating conductive poly(ortho‐phenylenediamine) (PoPD) via electrodeposition. A conductive PoPD effectively enhances the electrochemical activities of 3D‐printed frameworks. When PoPD‐refilled frameworks casted with LiMn2O4 (LMO) composite materials used as battery cathode, it delivers a capacity of 69.1 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.036 mA cm−2 (≈1.2 C discharge rate) and good cyclability with a retained capacity of 84.4% after 200 cycles at 0.36 mA cm−2. This work provides a pathway for developing electroactive 3D‐printed electrodes particularly with cost‐efficient low‐dimensional carbon materials for aqueous rechargeable Li‐ion batteries.