bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Power optimisation using intelligent Clock gating dedicated for block RAM cascading technique in FPGA design.
Authors: singh gurwinder , Rattan Munish , Walia Gurjot Kaur 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The current trend is the combination of chip size reduction and an increase in the number of circuits on chips has provided significant growth in battery consumption and critical energy efficiency leading to growth in the emerging Low Power Electronics sector. Our paper is committed to optimizing the power by eliminating cascading in block RAM. It dominates the amount of power dissipated in SOCs (System on Chips). High-level integration (HLS) allows hardware designers to think logically and not worry about low-level, cyclical details. It arranges the capability to quickly access the slot of design and the tradeoff between resource utilization and operation. Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FP- GAs) show significant progress in measuring speed and capacity to create a platform for the use of digital circuits. In the design of the FPGA, integration tools are used that perform various mitigation and improvement strategies. Integration tools utilize the RTL representation of a project with time constraints and generate a network list of the same level. Today, the advanced Xilinx Vivado Design Suite is used for FPGA design as a blending tool. In some cases, the Xilinx Vivado is unable to meet the required designer delays and power constraints. Therefore the primary goal of this paper is to optimize the power in design constraints in the Xilinx Vivado software.
Making drawings speak through mathematical metrics
Authors: Sueur Cédric , Martinet Lison , Beltzung Benjamin , Pelé Marie 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Figurative drawing is a skill that takes time to learn, and evolves during different childhood phases that begin with scribbling and end with representational drawing. Between these phases, it is difficult to assess when and how children demonstrate intentions and representativeness in their drawings. The marks produced are increasingly goal-oriented and efficient as the child’s skills progress from scribbles to figurative drawings. Pre-figurative activities provide an opportunity to focus on drawing processes. We applied fourteen metrics to two different datasets (N = 65 and N = 345) to better understand the intentional and representational processes behind drawing, and combined these metrics using principal component analysis (PCA) in different biologically significant dimensions. Three dimensions were identified: efficiency based on spatial metrics, diversity with colour metrics, and temporal sequentiality. The metrics at play in each dimension are similar for both datasets, and PCA explains 77% of the variance in both datasets. These analyses differentiate scribbles by children from those drawn by adults. The three dimensions highlighted by this study provide a better understanding of the emergence of intentions and representativeness in drawings. We have already discussed the perspectives of such findings in Comparative Psychology and Evolutionary Anthropology.
Optimal strategies to screen health care workers for COVID-19 in the US: a cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Maya Sigal , Padda Guntas , Close Victoria , Wilson Trevor , Ahmed Fareeda , Marseille Elliot , Kahn James G. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in health care facilities poses a challenge against pandemic control. Health care workers (HCWs) have frequent and high-risk interactions with COVID-19 patients. We undertook a cost-effectiveness analysis to determine optimal testing strategies for screening HCWs to inform strategic decision-making in health care settings.
Methods: We modeled the number of new infections, quality-adjusted life years lost, and net costs related to six testing strategies including no tests. We applied our model to four strata of HCWs, defined by the presence and timing of symptoms. We conducted sensitivity analyses to account for uncertainty in inputs.
Results: When screening recently symptomatic HCWs, conducting only a PCR test is preferable; it saves costs and improves health outcomes in the first week post-symptom onset, and costs $83,000 per quality-adjusted life year gained in the second week post-symptom onset. When screening HCWs in the late clinical disease stage, none of the testing approaches is cost-effective and thus no testing is preferable, yielding $11 and 0.003 new infections per 10 HCWs. For screening asymptomatic HCWs, antigen testing is preferable to PCR testing due to its lower cost.
Conclusions: Both PCR and antigen testing are beneficial strategies to identify infected HCWs and reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in health care settings. IgG testing clinical value depends on test timing and immunity characteristics, however is not cost-effective in a low prevalence setting. As the context of the pandemic evolves, our study provides insight to health-care decision makers to keep the health care workforce safe and transmissions low.
UK5099 inhibits macrophage activation independent of mitochondrial pyruvate carrier mediated metabolism
Authors: Ran Linyu , Zhang Song , Zhao Pei , Zhou Jiaqi , Gan Haiyun , Jeon Ryounghoon , Li Qiang , Herrmann Joerg , Wang Feilong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Glycolysis is essential for the classical activation of macrophages (M1), but how glycolytic pathway metabolites engage in this process remains to be elucidated. Glycolysis culminates in the production of pyruvate, which can be transported into the mitochondria by the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) followed by conversion to citrate and utilization in the TCA cycle. Alternatively, pyruvate can be metabolized to lactate under aerobic conditions, which had been considered to be the dominant route in the setting of classical macrophage activation. However, based on studies that used UK5099 as a MPC inhibitor and showed reduction in key inflammatory cytokines, the mitochondrial route has been considered to be of significance for M1 activation as well. Herein, using a genetic depletion model, we found that MPC is dispensable for metabolic reprogramming and the activation of M1. While UK5099 reaches maximal MPC inhibitory capacity at approximately 2–5µM, higher concentrations are required to inhibit inflammatory cytokine production in M1 and this is independent of MPC expression. Apart from MPC inhibition, UK5099 at high doses impairs glutamate oxidation, mitochondrial membrane potential and HIF-1α stabilization. Taken together, UK5099 inhibits inflammatory responses in M1 macrophages due to effects other than MPC inhibition.
Meta-Material Enhanced Spatial Mode Decomposition
Authors: Jones Aaron , Wang Mengyao , Zhang Xuecai , Cooper Samuel , Chen Shumei , Mow-Lowry Conor , Freise Andreas 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Acquiring precise information about the mode content of a laser is critical for multiplexed optical communications, optical imaging with active wave-front control, and quantum-limited interferometric measurements. Hologram-based mode decomposition devices allow a fast, direct measurement of the mode content, but they have limited precision due to cross-coupling between modes. Here we report the first proof-of-principle demonstration of mode decomposition with a meta-surface, resulting in significantly enhanced precision. A mode-weight fluctuation of 0.6ppm (-62 dB) can be measured with 1 second of averaging at a Fourier frequency of 80 Hz, an improvement on the state-of-the-art by more than three orders of magnitude. The improvement is attributable to the reduction in cross-coupling enabled by the exceptional phase accuracy of the meta-surface. We show a systematic study of the limiting sources of noise, and we show that there is a promising path towards complete mode decomposition with similar precision.
Testing Susceptibility of <i>M. tuberculosis</i> to Second Line Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs Using the XDR Test in Clinical Trials and International Professional Testing Cycles
Authors: Domotenko L. V. , Morozova T. P. , Khramov M. V. , Shepelin А. P. 
Published: September 2021

The objective of the study: to evaluate the commercial XDR test for susceptibility testing of M. tuberculosis to second line anti-tuberculosis drugs in clinical trials and as part of annual professional testing cycles coordinated by the World Health Organization (WHO).Subjects and Methods. Cultures of M. tuberculosis (n = 90) freshly isolated on egg media from clinical samples collected in tuberculosis patients were tested using the Bactec MGIT 960 system and the XDR test under identical conditions. Well-studied strains of M. tuberculosis (n = 216) obtained from the WHO supranational laboratories were repeatedly cultured on Middlebrook 7H10 medium before the study. The drug susceptibility of the cultures was assessed using the XDR test by the nitrate reductase method.Results. A high concurrence (96.7-100%) of the results was shown when testing susceptibility of 90 M. tuberculosis isolates to kanamycin, amikacin, capreomycin and ofloxacin using the XDR test and the Bactec MGIT 960 system with comparable test periods. The use of the XDR test for drug susceptibility testing of 216 M. tuberculosis strains in eleven annual professional testing cycles coordinated by the WHO supranational laboratories provided the results consistent with the consensus one for kanamycin, capreomycin, ofloxacin and amikacin in 98.6, 99.4, 99.4, and 99.0% of cases, respectively. For moxifloxacin and levofloxacin additionally incorporated to the XDR test, completely identical results were obtained.
Evaluation of rural water supply sustainable operation and management based on cyclic correction framework – a case study of Chongqing, China
Authors: Fan Linlin , Li Yalong , Luo Wenbing , Qiao Wei , Li Wei , Liu Fengli , Liu Yaning 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
After the construction of rural water supply projects, how to make them sustainably operated and managed has become the focus and difficulty of the current and future work of rural water supply. In order to evaluate the operation and management of rural water supply projects, a comprehensive indicator system of rural water supply projects sustainable operation and management was established, and a combinational evaluation model based on a cyclic correction framework was used in 13 pilot districts of Chongqing, China. The APH method was used to calculate the weight of each index. The two indexes with the highest weights are ‘establishment of management agency (0.1436)’ and ‘assurance level of operating funds (0.1382)’. Compared with the traditional individual evaluation model, the cyclic correction framework can effectively reduce the systematic deviation and random error in the evaluation process and make the research conclusion more reliable. The ranks of the districts in the main urban metropolitan part are higher, while the districts in the southeast and northeast of Chongqing are ranked relatively low. The top five districts were Rongchang, Yubei, Banan, Liangping, and Tongliang. In the future, the sustainable operation and management of rural water supply projects should be improved by enhancing the ability of the management agencies of rural water supply projects and increasing funding for project operation management.
Experimental investigation of dehumidification process regulated by the photothermoelectric system
Authors: Almutairi Khalid , Irshad Kashif , Algarni Salem , Ali Amjad , Islam Saiful 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
To decrease indoor relative humidity and have relaxing environments, small dehumidifiers are widely used in tropical climatic. Due to the benefits of eco-friendly, small size and silence operation, the thermoelectric dehumidifier has gained interest but has limited practical application due to poor efficiency. Therefore, this study investigates the dehumidification characteristics of the thermoelectric module powered by a photovoltaic system for the production of fresh water under real climatic conditions. The performance of a novel prototype named as the Photo-Thermoelectric Dehumidifier (PVTE-D) was investigated both numerically and experimentally in different combinations of airflow rate and input power. The results obtained from the experiment suggested that the water condensate collection was increased by increasing the input power from a PV panel to the TE-D. In the month of May, the maximum water condensate collection of 1,852.3 mL/hr was attained at the input supply of 6 A and 5 V to the PVTE-D system. In the majority of cases, when the airflow rate is below 0.013 kg/s, maximum collections of water condensate have been achieved. This study provides a detailed understanding of the optimally suitable structural parameters of the PVTE-D under different operating conditions and reveals a novel configuration for higher water condensation capacity.
High-Frequency Oscillations and Epileptogenic Network
Authors: Li Xiaonan , Zhang Herui , Lai Huanling , Wang Jiaoyang , Wang Wei , Yang Xiaofeng 
Published: September 2021

Abstract:
Epilepsy is a network disease caused by aberrant neocortical large-scale connectivity
spanning regions on the scale of several centimeters. High-frequency oscillations, characterized by
the 80-600 Hz signals in electroencephalography, have been proven to be a promising biomarker of
epilepsy that can be used in assessing the severity and susceptibility of epilepsy as well as the location of the epileptogenic zone. However, the presence of a high-frequency oscillation network remains a topic of debate as high-frequency oscillations have been previously thought to be incapable
of propagation, and the relationship between high-frequency oscillations and the epileptogenic network has rarely been discussed. Some recent studies reported that high-frequency oscillations may
behave like networks that are closely relevant to the epileptogenic network. Pathological highfrequency oscillations are network-driven phenomena and elucidate epileptogenic network development; high-frequency oscillations show different characteristics coincident with the epileptogenic
network dynamics, and cross-frequency coupling between high-frequency oscillations and other
signals may mediate the generation and propagation of abnormal discharges across the network.
The Epidemiological Analysis of HIV/AIDS Patients: Sexually Transmitted
Diseases Department vs. other Departments in A General Hospital of
Shanghai, China
Authors: Shen Liangliang , Yu Yue , Li Yufei , Zhao Jingjun , Liu Heping 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Hospital is an important place for HIV/AIDS screening, and a general hospital
is composed of multiple departments. Different departments have different levels of understanding
of HIV/AIDS, especially the sexually transmitted diseases (STD) department is the main
place for HIV/AIDS screening.

Objective:
The study aims to validate the common knowledge that the STD department is an important
place for HIV/AIDS screening by comparing the epidemiological characteristics of HIV/AIDS
patients in the STD department and other departments in Tongji Hospital, which can provide a theoretical
basis for the precise and differentiated control of HIV/AIDS.

Methods:
A total of 283,525 HIV screening cases were analyzed from January 1st 2006 to December
31st 2018 in the STD department and other departments. The epidemiological data of 226
HIV/AIDS cases were retrospectively analyzed.

Results :
Firstly, the incidence of HIV/AIDS in the population served by Tongji Hospital was higher
than that in Shanghai and China. Secondly, the positive rate of HIV screening test in the STD department
was ten times higher than that of other departments. Thirdly, the social-demographic characteristics
of HIV/AIDS patients in the STD department were different from those in other departments.
Fourthly, there were differences in age, education, marital status and number of sex partners
between men who have sex with men (MSM) and men who have sex with women (MSW). Fifthly,
there was no difference except age in social-demographic characteristics of MSM between the
STD department and other departments. Sixthly, compared with other departments, the majority of
HIV/AIDS patients in the STD department were MSM. Seventhly, syphilis and HIV co-infection
were not statistically significant in HIV/AIDS patients between the STD department and other departments.

Conclusion:
Firstly, the significantly higher positive rate of an HIV screening test in the STD department
emphasizes its importance as a place for screening HIV/AIDS patients. Secondly,
HIV/AIDS patients diagnosed in the general hospital were mainly transmitted by sexual contact,
and MSM accounted for the most part of these patients. More attention should be paid to screen outpatients,
especially in the STD department and young men.
The Fundamental Basis of Palpitations: A Neurocardiology Approach
Authors: Kandiah Joshua W. , Blumberger Daniel M. , Rabkin Simon W. 
Published: September 2021

Background and Objective:
Palpitations are a common symptom that may indicate cardiac
arrhythmias, be a somatic complaint in anxiety disorders, and can be present in patients without
either condition. The objective of this review was to explore the pathways and fundamental
mechanisms through which individuals appreciate palpitations.

Observations:
Cardiac afferents provide beat-to-beat sensory information on the heart to the spinal
cord, brain stem, and higher brain centers. Cardioception, a subset of interoception (‘the physiological
sense of the condition of the body’), refers to sensing of the heartbeat. High cardioception is present
in persons with lower body mass index, lower percentages of body fat, and anxiety disorders.
Low cardioception (lower interoceptive awareness) is associated with psychiatric disorders, such as
depression, personality disorders, and schizophrenia. CNS sites associated with heartbeat detection
have been identified by functional magnetic resonance imaging studies and heartbeat-evoked electroencephalogram
potentials. The right insula, cingulate gyrus, somatomotor and somatosensory
cortices nucleus accumbens, left subthalamic nucleus, and left ventral capsule/striatum are implicated
in both palpitations and heartbeat detection. Involvement of the brain as a primary modulator of
palpitations rests on the data that various areas of the brain are activated in association with cardioception,
the ability of focal brain stimulation to induce palpitations, the ability of central alpha receptor
agonists and antagonists to modulate palpitations, and suppression of palpitations by transcranial
repetitive magnetic stimulation (rTMS).

Conclusions:
Palpitations should be viewed as a pathway extending from the heart to the brain. Palpitations
are, in part, a reflection of an individual’s cardioception awareness, which is modulated
by body size, percentage of body fat, and psychological or psychiatric conditions. Palpitations can
originate in the brain and involve central neurotransmitters. Treatment of palpitations unrelated to
cardiac arrhythmias or anxiety disorders should consider the use of central alpha-2 agonists and
possibly rTMS.
Falciform Ligament Torsion Caused by Omental Hernia Through the
Foramen of Morgagni
Authors: Erdemir Ahmet G. , Yaraşır Yasin , Onur Mehmet R. 
Published: September 2021

Introduction:
Torsion of the falciform ligament, one of the rarest causes of acute abdominal
pain, often presents with pain in the right upper quadrant and epigastrium.

Case Presentation:
In this case, we present the Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance
Imaging (MRI) findings of torsion of the falciform ligament that occurred in the presence of
omental fat herniation through the foramen of Morgagni in an 88-year-old female patient who presented
to the emergency department with acute epigastric pain.

Conclusion:
Torsion of the falciform ligament may develop secondary to omental hernia in the setting
of Morgagni hernia and should be taken into consideration as one of the rarest causes of acute
abdominal pain, even in elderly patients.
Assessing the Grip of Solar Energy Systems on Environmental Sustainability-
A Review
Authors: Srivastava Shreya , Behera Ajit , Biswal Ramakrishna 
Published: September 2021

:
A sustainable energy production system fulfills its goal while being environmentally, socially,
and technically sound. The intermittent availability and viability of renewable energy makes this vision
a gradual and long-suffering process. In the rapid result-oriented economy, concerns regarding the
environment are treated with desperate solutions that may add fuel to the fire. Although substantial research
has been going on in the development of emerging technologies and refinement of established
systems, we need to be reminded of the larger goal in mind: a benign and sustainable environment.
Closing a door on a problem and not opening several new ones is what we must yearn to achieve. Renewable
energy systems and their utility may unintentionally harm a different subset of the ecosystem.
Solar energy systems are a more recent candidate with a high annual growth rate and thus, are still in
the nascent stage to realise the bruised potential of the technology. By 2050, 60 million tons of solar
waste will be produced if it is not resolved efficiently. To achieve environmental sustainability, it is
imperative to work towards recycling redundant systems, establishing producer responsibility, fulfilling
social needs and optimising future technology. By integrating aspects of the research on solar energy
systems, their environmental risks, and their potential to create a sustainable ecosystem, this review article
attempts to cater to environmental decision making and direct the eventual research and analysis
towards their original unified objective.
Surface Modification of Polybenzimidazole (PBI) with Microwave Generated
Vacuum Ultraviolet (VUV) Photo-oxidation
Authors: Takacs Gerald A. , Kovach Timothy , Boyd Samuel , Garcia Anthony , Fleischer Andrew , Vega Katerine , Hilfiker Regina , Shertok Joel , Mehan Michael , Gupta Surendra K. 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Polybenzimidazole (PBI) is used in high temperature proton exchange
membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs) and redox flow batteries, where proton transfer occurs with
the nitrogen-containing groups in PBI, and in aerospace applications exposed to oxygen and radiation.

Objective:
The objective is to investigate VUV photo-oxidation of PBI for the first time in order to
incorporate polar functional groups on the surface to potentially enhance proton conductivity in
HT-PEMFCs.

Methods:
A low-pressure microwave discharge of Ar generated 104.8 and 106.7 nm vacuum UV
(VUV) radiation to treat PBI with VUV photo-oxidation. Analysis was done with X-ray
Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), water contact angle
(WCA) and Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) to detect changes in chemistry, surface roughness,
hydrophilicity, and adhesion, respectively.

Results :
XPS showed: an increase in the O concentration up to a saturation level of 15 ± 1 at %; a
decrease of the C concentration by about the same amount; and little change in the N concentration.
With increasing treatment time, there were significant decreases in the concentrations of C-C
sp2, C-C sp3 and C=N groups, and increases in the concentration of C=O, O-C=O, O-(C=O)-O, CN,
and N-C=O containing moieties. The water contact angle decreased from 83° for pristine PBI
down to 43°, making the surface more hydrophilic, primarily due to the oxidation, since AFM detected
no significant changes in surface roughness. TGA analysis showed an improvement of water
adhesion to the treated surface.

Conclusion:
Microwave generated VUV photo-oxidation is an effective technique for oxidizing
the surface of PBI and increasing hydrophilicity.