bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary Repair of Upper Extremity Peripheral Nerve Injuries: An NSQIP Analysis From 2010 to 2016
Authors: Brennan Ryan , Carter Jordan , Gonzalez Gilberto , Herrera Fernando A. 
Published: September 2021

Background To identify the rate of 30-day complications after primary repair of upper extremity peripheral nerve injuries, associated diagnoses, and postoperative complication rate. Methods The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was reviewed from 2010 to 2016. Current Procedural Terminology codes consistent with primary nerve repair of the upper extremity were identified and included in the analysis. Patient demographics, comorbidities, type of procedure (elective/emergent), wound class, operative time, and 30-day complications were recorded. Patients with isolated upper extremity nerve injuries (isolated) were compared with those with peripheral nerve injuries in addition to bone, tendon, or soft tissue injuries (multiple). Results In all, 785 patients were identified as having upper extremity nerve repairs (0.16%). Of them, 64% were men and 36% were women; the average patient age was 40 years. The most common indication for surgery was injury to the digits (54% of cases). Thirty-day adverse events occurred in 3% of all cases. Isolated nerve injury occurred in 43% of patients, whereas 57% had additional injuries. The multiple injury group had a significantly higher complication rate compared with the isolated group (1% vs 4.5%) ( P = .007). Repair of tendon at forearm or wrist was the most common concurrent procedure performed. Conclusions Thirty-day complications among upper extremity peripheral nerve injuries are low, accounting for 3% of cases. Return to the operating room accounted for nearly half of all complications. Patients in the multiple injury group accounted for more than half of these and had a significantly higher complication rate compared with patients with isolated nerve injuries.
Effect of Medical Therapy in Allergic Rhinitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Kathy , Li Andraia R. , Miglani Amar , Nguyen Shaun A. , Schlosser Rodney J. 
Published: September 2021

Background Intranasal corticosteroids (INCS), oral antihistamines (POAH), and allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) are widely used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR); however, appraisal of treatment effect has been heterogenous, and few studies have interpreted these outcomes in context with measures of nasal airflow. Objective To provide a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials for common therapy classes for AR to assess standardized treatment effect on validated patient-reported outcomes and physiologic measures of airflow. Methods A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, OVID, and Cochrane library databases to identify randomized controlled trials meeting inclusion criteria. Treatment effects of INCS, POAH, and ASIT on total nasal symptom score (TNSS), visual analog scale (VAS), Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ), and peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) were analyzed by meta-analysis. Results Twenty-two studies with 4673 AR patients were identified, with 5 INCS, 8 POAH, and 9 ASIT trials. INCS improved TNSS (mean difference [MD] 0.90; P = .002) and PNIF (MD 13.31 L/min [ P = .0007]. POAH improved quality of life assessed by RQLQ [MD 0.36; P < .001], but no improvement was found in PNIF. ASIT improved RQLQ [MD 0.65; P < .001], with a trend toward improvement in TNSS. Conclusion Overall, INCS resulted in a clinically and statistically meaningful improvement in symptom scores and physiologic measures in AR. POAH and ASIT both improved symptom scores and quality of life, but their impacts upon nasal airflow are uncertain. There is a lack of studies assessing the effect of INCS on quality of life and the effect of POAH on symptom severity, particularly for mild AR. Future studies should assess the effect of treatment for each of these patient-reported measures.
Is Early Controlled Motion and Weightbearing Recommended for Nonoperatively Treated Acute Achilles Tendon Rupture? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Yi-jun , Long Xiao , Du Jing-yu , Wang Quan , Lin Xiang-jin 
Published: September 2021

Background: There is disagreement as to whether early controlled motion and weightbearing confer a beneficial effect for nonoperatively treated acute Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) compared with immobilization and late weightbearing. Purpose: To conduct a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to determine whether early controlled motion and weightbearing results in different outcomes compared with immobilization and late weightbearing for nonoperatively treated patients with acute ATR. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: We conducted a search in the PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases for relevant RCTs in humans from January 1981 to August 2020. The primary outcome was the Achilles Tendon Total Rupture Score (ATRS) at 1-year follow-up. The secondary outcomes were the rerupture rate, return to sports activity and work, and the heel-rise work (limb symmetry index [LSI]). Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool. Results: Included were 7 RCTs involving 424 participants (n = 215 treated with early controlled motion and weightbearing [early group], n = 209 treated with immobilization and late weightbearing [late group]). The quality assessment indicated a low risk of bias in all included RCTs. There was no difference between the early and late groups regarding the ATRS (mean difference [MD], -0.220; 95% CI, -4.489 to 4.049; P = .920). Likewise, we found no difference between the 2 groups in terms of the rerupture rate (odds ratio [OR], 1.107; 95% CI, 0.552 to 2.219; P = .775), the number of patients who returned to sports (OR, 0.766; 95% CI, 0.438 to 1.341; P = .351) and returned to work (OR, 0.706; 95% CI, 0.397 to 1.253; P = .234), the time to return to work (MD, -2.802 days; 95% CI, -6.525 to 0.921 days; P = .140), or the heel-rise work LSI (MD, -0.135; 95% CI, -6.243 to 5.973; P = .965). Conclusion: No significant differences were found between early controlled motion and weightbearing compared with immobilization and late weightbearing regarding the ATRS, the rerupture rate, return to sports activity and work, and the heel-rise work in nonoperatively treated patients with acute ATR.
Preliminary Study of Chemoradiotherapy Using Modified Docetaxel, Cis‐diaminodichloroplatinum, and 5‐Fluorouracil for Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Katagiri Katsunori , Shiga Kiyoto , Saito Daisuke , Oikawa Shin‐ichi , Ikeda Aya , Tsuchida Kodai , Miyaguchi Jun , Kusaka Takahiro , Sariishi Takumi , Ariga Hisanori 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveTo examine the safety and efficacy of concomitant chemoradiotherapy using a modified TPF regimen (docetaxel + cisplatin + 5‐fluorouracil) in patients with advanced sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC).Study DesignRetrospective study.SettingTertiary center (university hospital).MethodsSeven patients with previously untreated T3‐T4 SNSCC were enrolled. They underwent radiotherapy once daily (total dose, 70 Gy) with 2 courses of concomitant 120‐hour infusion of 5‐fluorouracil (600 mg/m2/d), docetaxel (50 mg/m2, day 2), and cisplatin (60 mg/m2, day 2)ResultsGrade 4 leukopenia, grade 4 neutropenia, and grade 3 lymphopenia were observed in 1, 3, and 4 patients, respectively. Grade 4 creatinine elevation was observed in 1 patient. However, other grade 3 or 4 adverse events were not common. Complete response was obtained in all patients. At 60 months there was 85.7% disease‐free survival and 100% overall.ConclusionConcomitant chemoradiotherapy with a modified TPF regimen may be feasible and effective in patients with advanced SNSCC.
Environmental Crimes: Effect of COVID-19 on Non-human Victims
Authors: Joglekar Yashprada 
Published: September 2021

The article aims at finding out the impact of COVID-19 on forest and wildlife crimes, as the novel coronavirus or COVID-19 stalled our daily activities in the most unexpected manner. Studies have shown that the origin of any influenza virus is typically from animals.2 Thus, a direct nexus can be established between wildlife trade (primarily which is illegal) and the spread of coronavirus. United Nations Environmental Programme of 2016 identified issues of upcoming zoonotic diseases while discussing their emergence and re-emergence and its link with the ecosystem. In this article, an attempt is made to understand the framework and stance of International Criminal Court in regard to the environmental crimes. Further this article mentions the role International Criminal Court can play if the office of prosecutor were to try and prosecute the cases of environmental crimes. Further, Sustainable Development Goals 13, 14 and 153 play an important role in this secondary study. Since these goals have presented us with the opportunity to interlink goals with one another and thus discuss the need of protecting and conserving non-human victims of environmental harms along with human victims. Study of reports from international and national organizations, law journals, case laws, news reports, books, commentaries, etc., are used and finally the conclusive remark is based on the interpretation of this primary data. This article solely proposes to analyse and identify the challenges faced by non-human victims mainly forest and wildlife during the course of pandemic outbreak.
Arthroscopic Treatment of Iatrogenic Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis Screw Impingement and Associated Hip Pathology
Authors: Moran Thomas E. , Taleghani Eric R. , Gwathmey F. Winston 
Published: September 2021

Background: Screw impingement is an infrequently reported sequelae following in situ pinning of a slipped capital femoral epiphysis, but it may result in significant bony and chondrolabral degeneration. Hip arthroscopy may offer the advantage of screw removal in a minimally invasive manner under direct visualization, as well as providing the opportunity for management of concomitant hip pathology. Indications: A healthy, active 27-year-old woman with right hip dysfunction secondary to screw impingement and concomitant chondrolabral pathology following previous in situ pinning of a slipped capital femoral epiphysis. Technique Description: The patient elected to undergo arthroscopic removal of hardware, osteochondroplasty, and management of hip labrum pathology. After the screw was localized, a 2.8-mm pin was inserted down the cannulated center of the screw to prevent intraarticular displacement during removal. The screw and washer were removed intact, and femoroplasty was performed to remove the reactive bone and resolve the cam-type impingement. Acetabuloplasty was then performed to remove pincer-type impingement and provide an appropriate rim of bone for labral reconstruction. The pathologic labrum was then debrided and reconstructed with a semitendinosus allograft. Results: There were no immediate complications following surgery. Surgical management led to resolution of the patient’s mechanical symptoms and provided pain relief, which allowed return to prior baseline level of function. Discussion/Conclusion: Symptomatic screws that impinge the osteochondral and soft tissue anatomy of the hip require removal. Historically, these screws have been removed by open, mini-open, or percutaneous techniques. This case demonstrates the advantages of arthroscopic removal, as it affords the surgeon the ability to perform a dynamic examination, safely remove the screw, and directly visualize and manage concomitant hip pathology that may not be otherwise be recognizable. Further studies will be required to determine the ability of this technique to more clearly illustrate long-term improvement in function and prevention of the development of osteoarthritis.
Ablation of collagen VI leads to the release of platelets with altered function
Authors: Abbonante Vittorio , Gruppi Cristian , Battiston Monica , Zulian Alessandra , Di Buduo Christian Andrea , Chrisam Martina , Sereni Lucia , Laurent Pierre-Alexandre , Semplicini Claudio , Lombardi Elisabetta , Mazzucato Mario , Moccia Francesco , Petronilli Valeria , Villa Anna , Bello Luca , Pegoraro Elena , Bernardi Paolo , Braghetta Paola , De Marco Luigi , Bonaldo Paolo , Balduini Alessandra 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHemostatic abnormalities and impaired platelet function have been described in patients affected by connective tissue disorders. We observed a moderate bleeding tendency in patients affected by collagen VI–related disorders and investigated the defects in platelet functionality, whose mechanisms are unknown. We demonstrated that megakaryocytes express collagen VI that is involved in the regulation of functional platelet production. By exploiting a collagen VI–null mouse model (Col6a1−/−), we found that collagen VI–null platelets display significantly increased susceptibility to activation and intracellular calcium signaling. Col6a1−/− megakaryocytes and platelets showed increased expression of stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and ORAI1, the components of store-operated calcium entry (SOCE), and activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. In vivo mTOR inhibition by rapamycin reduced STIM1 and ORAI1 expression and calcium flows, resulting in a normalization of platelet susceptibility to activation. These defects were cell autonomous, because transplantation of lineage-negative bone marrow cells from Col6a1−/− mice into lethally irradiated wild-type animals showed the same alteration in SOCE and platelet activation seen in Col6a1−/− mice. Peripheral blood platelets of patients affected by collagen VI–related diseases, Bethlem myopathy and Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy, displayed increased expression of STIM1 and ORAI1 and were more prone to activation. Altogether, these data demonstrate the importance of collagen VI in the production of functional platelets by megakaryocytes in mouse models and in collagen VI–related diseases.
A systematic review of the association between anti-β-2 glycoprotein I antibodies and APS manifestations
Authors: Jiang Debbie , Lim Wendy , Crowther Mark , Garcia David 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Anti-β-2 glycoprotein I antibodies (anti-B2GPI) are often cited as the major pathogenically relevant antibody in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), but it is unclear if there is clinical evidence to support this theory. We performed a systematic review to determine if immunoglobulin G anti-B2GPI positivity was independently associated with thrombotic and/or obstetric manifestations of APS. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, and clinicaltrials.gov electronic databases through April 2020 for prospective studies that met prespecified design criteria. Of 4758 articles identified through computer-assisted search, 4 studies examining obstetric outcomes and 2 studies examining thrombotic outcomes were included for qualitative assessment. The presence of anti-B2GPI had only a weak independent association with thrombosis and was, at best, inconsistently associated with obstetric complications. A quantitative assessment could not be performed because of study heterogeneity. The overall quality of the evidence was very low. Although anti-B2GPI are commonly thought to mediate APS manifestations, clinical evidence is lacking with very low-quality data to support a weak association with thrombosis.
Industry and workplace characteristics associated with the downloading of a COVID-19 contact tracing app in Japan: a nation-wide cross-sectional study
Authors: Ishimaru Tomohiro , Ibayashi Koki , Nagata Masako , Hino Ayako , Tateishi Seiichiro , Tsuji Mayumi , Ogami Akira , Matsuda Shinya , Fujino Yoshihisa ,   for the CORoNaWork Project, Fujino Yoshihisa , Ando Hajime , Eguchi Hisashi , Ikegami Kazunori , Ishimaru Tomohiro , Harada Arisa , Hino Ayako , Kitagawa Kyoko , Mafune Kosuke , Matsuda Shinya , Matsugaki Ryutaro , Mori Koji , Muramatsu Keiji , Nagata Masako , Nagata Tomohisa , Liu Ning , Ogami Akira , Tanaka Rie , Tateishi Seiishiro , Tokutsu Kei , Tsuji Mayumi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
To combat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), many countries have used contact tracing apps, including Japan’s voluntary-use contact-confirming application (COCOA). The current study aimed to identify industry and workplace characteristics associated with the downloading of this COVID-19 contact tracing app.

Methods
This cross-sectional study of full-time workers used an online survey. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the associations of industry and workplace characteristics with contact tracing app use.

Results
Of the 27,036 participants, 25.1% had downloaded the COCOA. Workers in the public service (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14–1.45) and information technology (aOR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.20–1.58) industries were more likely to use the app than were those in the manufacturing industry. In contrast, app usage was less common among workers in the retail and wholesale (aOR = 0.87, 95% CI 0.76–0.99) and food/beverage (aOR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.70–0.94) industries, but further adjustment for company size attenuated these associations. Workers at larger companies were more likely to use the app. Compared with permanent employees, the odds of using the app were higher for managers and civil servants but lower for those who were self-employed.

Conclusions
Downloading of COCOA among Japanese workers was insufficient; thus, the mitigating effect of COCOA on the COVID-19 pandemic is considered to be limited. One possible reason for the under-implementation of the contact tracing app in the retail and wholesale and food/beverage industries is small company size, as suggested by the fully adjusted model results. An awareness campaign should be conducted to promote the widespread use of the contact tracing app in these industries.
Transcriptome profiling of Malus sieversii under freezing stress after being cold-acclimated
Authors: Zhou Ping , Li Xiaoshuang , Liu Xiaojie , Wen Xuejing , Zhang Yan , Zhang Daoyuan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Freezing temperatures are an abiotic stress that has a serious impact on plant growth and development in temperate regions and even threatens plant survival. The wild apple tree (Malus sieversii) needs to undergo a cold acclimation process to enhance its freezing tolerance in winter. Changes that occur at the molecular level in response to low temperatures are poorly understood in wild apple trees.

Results
Phytohormone and physiology profiles and transcriptome analysis were used to elaborate on the dynamic response mechanism. We determined that JA, IAA, and ABA accumulated in the cold acclimation stage and decreased during freezing stress in response to freezing stress. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of freezing stress after cold acclimation, we employed single molecular real-time (SMRT) and RNA-seq technologies to study genome-wide expression profiles in wild apple. Using the PacBio and Illumina platform, we obtained 20.79G subreads. These reads were assembled into 61,908 transcripts, and 24,716 differentially expressed transcripts were obtained. Among them, 4410 transcripts were differentially expressed during the whole process of freezing stress, and these were examined for enrichment via GO and KEGG analyses. Pathway analysis indicated that “plant hormone signal transduction”, “starch and sucrose metabolism”, “peroxisome” and “photosynthesis” might play a vital role in wild apple responses to freezing stress. Furthermore, the transcription factors DREB1/CBF, MYC2, WRKY70, WRKY71, MYB4 and MYB88 were strongly induced during the whole stress period.

Conclusions
Our study presents a global survey of the transcriptome profiles of wild apple trees in dynamic response to freezing stress after two days cold acclimation and provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of freezing adaptation of wild apple plants for the first time. The study also provides valuable information for further research on the antifreezing reaction mechanism and genetic improvement of M. sieversii after cold acclimation.
Altered metabolomic states elicited by Flg22 and FlgII-28 in Solanum lycopersicum: intracellular perturbations and metabolite defenses
Authors: Zeiss Dylan R. , Steenkamp Paul A. , Piater Lizelle A. , Dubery Ian A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Surveillance of potential pathogens is a key feature of plant innate immunity. For non-self-recognition plants rely on the perception of pathogen-derived molecules. Early post-perception events activate signaling cascades, leading to the synthesis of defense-related proteins and specialized metabolites, thereby providing a broad-spectrum antimicrobial coverage. This study was concerned with tracking changes in the tomato plant metabolome following perception of the flagellum-derived elicitors (Flg22 and FlgII-28).

Results
Following an untargeted metabolomics workflow, the metabolic profiles of a Solanum lycopersicum cultivar were monitored over a time range of 16–32 h post-treatment. Liquid chromatography was used to resolve the complex mixture of metabolites and mass spectrometry for the detection of differences associated with the elicitor treatments. Stringent data processing and multivariate statistical tools were applied to the complex dataset to extract relevant metabolite features associated with the elicitor treatments. Following perception of Flg22 and FlgII-28, both elicitors triggered an oxidative burst, albeit with different kinetic responses. Signatory biomarkers were annotated from diverse metabolite classes which included amino acid derivatives, lipid species, steroidal glycoalkaloids, hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives, as well as flavonoids.

Conclusions
An untargeted metabolomics approach adequately captured the subtle and nuanced perturbations associated with elicitor-linked plant defense responses. The shared and unique features characterizing the metabolite profiles suggest a divergence of signal transduction events following perception of Flg22 vs. FlgII-28, leading to a differential reorganization of downstream metabolic pathways.