bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The difficulty to diagnose cervical cancer developing in the perinatal period with the first‐trimester cytology: A retrospective study
Authors: Yamazaki Hiroyuki , Mitamura Takashi , Ihira Kei , Endo Daisuke , Sakurai Manami , Konno Yosuke , Watari Hidemichi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimCytological cervical cancer screening for pregnant women is routinely performed and still plays an essential role in Japan because of the considerably low rate of human pappillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. Though almost all pregnant women undergo cytological screening at their first trimester, we experienced invasive cervical cancers (ICC) diagnosed during pregnancy or postpartum period. We investigated the characteristics of perinatally diagnosed ICCs to clarify the difficulty in diagnosis during the pregnancy.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the clinical data on ICC diagnosed during pregnancy or within 1 year after delivery from 2010 to 2018 at Hokkaido University Hospital.ResultsWe identified 18 ICC patients, and the median follow‐up period was 46.5 months. Among eight patients with negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM), the mean duration to reach ICC diagnosis was 10.7 months, seven had stage IB1 or worse, and one was dead. On the other hand, among 10 women with abnormal cytology, the mean duration for diagnosis was 1.4 months, and 6 had stage IB1 or worse, and 1was dead. In terms of the timing of the final diagnosis, 8 were during pregnancy and 10 in the postpartum periods. Among eight pregnant patients, three resulted in a preterm delivery (33, 34, and 35 gestational weeks), and four terminated their pregnancies. One decided to continue the pregnancy until the term period. We performed conization in one patient and hysterectomy in seven.ConclusionA part of cytological examinations of pregnant women may result in presumed false‐negative or underestimation, which keeps them away from the additional examination to find ICC.
Talaromyces marneffei infection in non–HIV‐infected patients in mainland China
Authors: He Liya , Mei Xin , Lu Sha , Ma Jianchi , Hu Yongxuan , Mo Dongdong , Chen Xinsheng , Fan Ruiqiang , Xi Liyan , Xie Ting 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundTalaromyces marneffei, formerly known as Penicillium marneffei, is a significant emerging pathogenic fungus in Southeast Asia which can generate life‐threatening systemic infections. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is considered as the most underlying disease among systemic infections. However, infections due to T. marneffei without HIV are increasing in recent years.ObjectivesResearch the characteristics of T. marneffei infection in non‐HIV individuals in mainland China.MethodsIn this study, we searched Pubmed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and WanFang from inception to 31 December 2019 for studies reporting T. marneffei infection. Our research concentrates on non–HIV‐infected cases and their epidemiology, clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, treatment methods and prognosis.ResultsT. marneffei infections in non‐HIV individuals are increasing. Due to frequent present with atypical symptoms, these non–HIV‐infected cases were usually misdiagnosed as other diseases, containing tuberculosis (80.7%), bacterial pneumonia (20.5%), lung cancer (5.1%) or other diseases (5.1%).ConclusionsT. marneffei infection in non‐HIV individuals should be taken seriously. Their symptoms and signs are not typical. Accurate diagnosis and timely antifungal agent treatment is the key to the treatment for the disease.
The paradox of colour constancy: Plotting the lower borders of perception
Authors: Davies Will 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper resolves a paradox concerning colour constancy. On the one hand, our intuitive, pre‐theoretical concept holds that colour constancy involves invariance in the perceived colours of surfaces under changes in illumination. On the other, there is a robust scientific consensus that colour constancy can persist in cerebral achromatopsia, a profound impairment in the ability to perceive colours. The first stage of the solution advocates pluralism about our colour constancy capacities. The second details the close relationship between colour constancy and contrast. The third argues that achromatopsics retain a basic type of colour constancy associated with invariants in contrast processing. The fourth suggests that one person‐level, conscious upshot of such processing is the visual awareness of chromatic contrasts ‘at’ the edges of surfaces, implicating the ‘colour for form’ perceptual function. This primitive type of constancy sheds new light on our most basic perceptual capacities, which mark the lower borders of representational mind.
Comparison of Percutaneous Transforaminal Endoscopic Discectomy and Microscope‐Assisted Tubular Discectomy for Lumbar Disc Herniation
Authors: Liu Lantao , Xue Hui , Jiang Lianghai , Chen Hao , Chen Longwei , Xie Siyu , Wang Dechun , Zhao Mingwei 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to compare the clinical outcomes and quality of life following percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) and microscope‐assisted tubular discectomy (MTD) for lumbar disc herniation (LDH).MethodsThis study had a retrospective design. From June 2017 to June 2018, the clinical data of 120 patients with LDH treated with PTED (60 cases, PTED group) and MTD (60 cases, MTD group) were analyzed and followed up for at least 20 months. There were 59 men and 61 women. Patients were aged between 22 and 80 years. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, incision length, frequency of intraoperative fluoroscopy, cost, hospital stay, types of herniated discs, complications, and clinical outcomes were evaluated. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS), the Oswestry disability index (ODI), and the modified Macnab criteria. Short‐Form 36 (SF‐36) and the EQ‐5D‐5L were used to evaluate the quality of life of patients. The data between the two groups were compared by independent sample t‐tests. Multiple comparisons between samples were analyzed by analysis of variance.ResultsCompared with the MTD group, the PTED group had shorter incision length (9.20 ± 1.19 mm vs 26.38 ± 1.82 mm), less intraoperative blood loss (18.00 ± 4.97 mL vs 39.83 ± 6.51 mL), and shorter hospital stay (5.42 ± 5.08 days vs 10.58 ± 3.69 days) (P = 0.00). PTED was much more appropriate for foraminal and extraforaminal disc herniation. The incidence of paresthesia was lower in the PTED group (6.67% vs 16.67%). At each follow up, the VAS and ODI scores of all patients were significantly improved compared with those before surgery (P = 0.00). At 3 days postoperatively, the lumbar VAS score of the PTED group was significantly lower (1.58 ± 1.00 vs 2.37 ± 1.10, P = 0.00). The excellent rate of the PTED group reached 91.67%, and that of the MTD group reached 93.33%. Compared with the preoperative SF‐36 scores for physiological function, mental health, and social function, the postoperative scores were significantly improved in both groups (P = 0.00). The EQ‐5D‐5L in the PTED group increased from 0.30 ± 0.17 before the operation to 0.69 ± 0.13 after 6 months of follow up (P = 0.00) and 0.73 ± 0.14 after 20 months of follow up. The EQ‐5D‐5L in the MTD group increased from 0.28 ± 0.17 before the operation to 0.68 ± 0.13 after a 6‐month follow up (P = 0.00), and 0.73 ± 0.12 after a 20‐month follow up.ConclusionAlthough both PTED and MTD are effective for LDH, PTED is much more appropriate for various types of LDH and has the advantages of the low incidence of low back pain, fewer complications, and early recovery.
“You Have a Lot to Answer For”: Human Rights, Matriliny, and the Mediation of Family Conflicts at the Department of Social Welfare in Ghana
Authors: Salifu Jovia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractScholars have argued that the implementation of legal reforms in African settings has largely failed because of the persistence of norms and values that privilege collective interests over individual rights. With a focus on the work of the Department of Social Welfare (DSW) in a matrilineal Asante town in Ghana, this article reflects on the potential for state institutions to implement a human rights perspective through family dispute resolution processes. In this context, the key factors that influence the work of institutions such as the DSW, which has a human rights mandate, include the long history of family legal contests outside the lineage and the principle of economic separateness in the context of marriage. The effect of these developments is that the opportunity continues to exist for individuals, in this case women, to advocate for their rights as mothers even in a supposedly collective social setting. The evidence supports the position that “culture” is not always the impediment to human rights that it is often made out to be. [legal pluralism, human rights, matriliny, Ghana, marriage]
Differential protein abundance of vetiver grass in response to acid mine drainage
Authors: Kiiskila Jeffrey D. , Sarkar Dibyendu , Datta Rupali 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAcid mine drainage (AMD) is an acidic and metalliferous discharge that imposes oxidative stress on living things through bioaccumulation and physical exposure. The abandoned Tab‐Simco mining site of Southern Illinois generates highly acidic AMD with elevated sulfate (SO42−) and various metals. Vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides) is effective for the remediation of Tab‐Simco AMD at both mesocosm and microcosm levels over extended periods. In this study, we conducted a proteomic investigation of vetiver shoots under short and long‐term exposure to AMD. Our objective was to decipher the physiological responses of vetiver to the combined abiotic stresses of AMD (metal and low pH). Differential regulation was observed for longer‐term (56 days) exposure to AMD, which resulted in 17 upregulated and nine downregulated proteins, whereas shorter‐term (7 days) exposure led to 14 upregulated and 14 downregulated proteins. There were significant changes to photosynthesis, including upregulation of electron transport chain proteins for light‐dependent reactions after 56 days, whereas differential regulation of enzymes relating to C4 carbon fixation was observed after 7 days. Significant changes in amino acid and nitrogen metabolism, including upregulation of ethylene and flavonoid biosynthesis, along with plant response to nitrogen starvation, were observed. Short‐term changes also included upregulation of glutathione reductase and methionine sulfoxide reductase, whereas longer‐term changes included changes in protein misfolding and ER‐associated protein degradation for stress management and acclimation.
Immunomodulation by dietary supplements: A preventive health strategy for sustainable aquaculture of tropical freshwater fish, Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822)
Authors: Gupta Akruti , Gupta Sanjay Kumar , Priyam Manisha , Siddik Muhammad A.B. , Kumar Neeraj , Mishra Prashant Kumar , Gupta Kishore Kumar , Sarkar Biplab , Sharma Tilak Raj , Pattanayak Arunava 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDietary supplementation is an effective strategy for boosting the innate immune response in fishes. It involves the use of functional ingredients that bear the potential for mitigating the deleterious effects of chemotherapeutics (bioaccumulation and development of drug‐resistant pathogens), as a more ecologically responsible approach to fish farming. With the emergence of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics and herbal immunostimulants; dietary supplementation has become an integral aspect of immuno‐nutrition. In this review, we have compiled a list of dietary immunostimulants in rohu, based on the research carried over the last ten years. It should be noted that nearly 25% of the studies on dietary supplementation in Labeo rohita investigated probiotics species (either singly or as mixtures), followed by the use of herbal supplements or phytobiotics. In relation to stress, about 30% of the studies dealt with the supplementation of tryptophan, followed by the incorporation of lipotropes. Moreover, approximately 55–60% of the studies reviewed, were restricted to nutrition‐based disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Commercially available probiotics and herbal feed additives have been helpful in the health management of L. rohita to some extent. Ongoing research is consistently exploring novel ingredients inducing favourable immunomodulation to survive stress and widespread A. hydrophila infection in L. rohita. However, further investigations aiming at broad‐spectrum disease resistance and multiple stress resilience are recommended. Efforts must also be directed towards the elucidation of specifically targeted response in vivo. Overall, greater insights into the molecular mechanisms of dietary supplementation of immunostimulants warrants the use of downstream analytical techniques and high‐throughput screening tools.
The Hera orebody: A complex distal (Au–Zn–Pb–Ag–Cu) skarn in the Cobar Basin of central New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Fitzherbert Joel A. , McKinnon Adam R. , Blevin Phillip L. , Waltenberg Kathryn , Downes Peter M. , Wall Corey , Matchan Erin , Huang Huiqing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Hera Au–Pb–Zn–Ag deposit in the southeastern Cobar Basin of central New South Wales preserves calc‐silicate veins and remnant sandstone/carbonate‐hosted skarn within a reduced anchizonal Siluro‐Devonian turbidite sequence. The skarn orebody distribution is controlled by a long‐lived, basin margin fault system, that has intersected a sedimentary horizon dominated by siliciclastic turbidite, with lesser gritstone and thick sandstone intervals, and rare carbonate‐bearing stratigraphy. Foliation (S1) envelopes the orebody and is crosscut by a series of late‐stage east–west and north–south trending faults. Skarn at Hera displays mineralogical zonation along strike, from southern spessartine–grossular–biotite–actinolite‐rich associations, to central diopside‐rich–zoisite–actinolite/tremolite–grossular‐bearing associations, through to the northern most tremolite–anorthite‐rich (garnet‐absent) association in remnant carbonate‐bearing lithologies and sandstone horizons; the northern lodes also display zonation down dip to garnet present associations. High‐T, prograde skarn assemblages rich in pyroxene and garnet are pervasively replaced by actinolite/tremolite–biotite‐rich retrograde skarn which coincides with the main pulse of sulfide mineralization. The dominant sulfides are high‐Fe–Mn sphalerite–galena–non‐magnetic high‐Fe pyrrhotite–chalcopyrite; pyrite, arsenopyrite; scheelite (low Mo) is locally abundant. The distribution of metals in part mimics the changing gangue mineralogy, with Au concentrated in the southern and lower northern lode systems and broadly inverse concentrations for Ag–Pb–Zn. Stable isotope data (O–H–S) from skarn amphiboles and associated sulfides are consistent with magmatic (or metamorphic) water and sulfur input during the retrograde skarn phase, while hydrosilicates and sulfides from the wall rocks display comparatively elevated δD and mixed δ34S consistent with progressive mixing or dilution of original magmatic (or metamorphic) waters within the Hera deposit by unexchanged waters typical of low latitude (tropical) meteoritic waters. High precision titanite (U–Pb) and biotite (Ar–Ar) geochronology reveals a manifold orebody commencing with high‐T skarn and retrograde Pb–Zn‐rich skarn formation at ≥403 Ma, Au–low‐Fe sphalerite mineralization at 403.4 ± 1.1 Ma, foliation development remobilization or new mineralization at 390 ± 0.2 Ma followed by thrusting, orebody dismemberment at 384.8 ± 1.1 Ma and remobilization or new mineralization at 381.0 ± 2.2 Ma. The polymetallic nature of the Hera orebody is a result of multiple mineralization events during extension and compression and involving both magmatic and likely formational metal sources.
Dynamics of Emergency Contraceptive Use in Accra, Ghana
Authors: Henry Elizabeth G. , Agula Caesar , Agyei‐Asabere Charles , Asuming Patrick O. , Bawah Ayaga A. , Canning David , Shah Iqbal 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRecent data suggest increasing rates of emergency contraception (EC) use in Ghana, particularly in urban areas. In 2018, we collected survey data from 3,703 sexually experienced women aged 16–44 years living in low‐income settlements of Accra. We estimated the prevalence of lifetime and current EC use. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with current use of EC. Retrospective monthly calendar data on contraceptive use were analyzed to identify patterns of EC use, including repeat and continuous use, and uptake of other contraceptive methods in the months following EC use. Nearly 15 percent of women had ever used EC. About half of recent EC users (52 percent) used EC for at least four months cumulatively within a 12‐month window. There was no evidence of adoption of other modern methods in the months after using EC. Our results suggest that EC is a common method for pregnancy prevention in Accra, particularly among young, unmarried, highly educated women. Counseling on effective EC use and strategies that promote equitable access should be prioritized.
Premarital Fertility and Marital Timing in Malawi
Authors: Poulin Michelle , Beegle Kathleen , Xu Hongwei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn Malawi, Africa, the median age at first marriage is among the lowest on the continent and adolescent fertility rates are among the highest. Using high‐frequency panel data from the country designed to follow single women and men into marriage, we examine the extent to which premarital fertility is associated with the timing of marriage. Two notable findings emerge. First, premarital fertility typically leads to a more rapid transition into marriage, compared to not having had a premarital conception or birth, and this effect is as strong for men as it is for women. Second, among women with premarital fertility, those who are wealthier, and those who have two parents alive, have lower odds ofnotmarrying. Among men with premarital fertility, however, no patterns predict their subsequent marital outcomes. This study contributes to the literature on fertility and marriage in sub‐Saharan Africa by including men in the analysis.
High‐dimensional robust inference for Cox regression models using desparsified Lasso
Authors: Kong Shengchun , Yu Zhuqing , Zhang Xianyang , Cheng Guang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe consider high‐dimensional inference for potentially misspecified Cox proportional hazard models based on low‐dimensional results by Lin and Wei (1989). A desparsified Lasso estimator is proposed based on the log partial likelihood function and shown to converge to a pseudo‐true parameter vector. Interestingly, the sparsity of the true parameter can be inferred from that of the above limiting parameter. Moreover, each component of the above (nonsparse) estimator is shown to be asymptotically normal with a variance that can be consistently estimated even under model misspecifications. In some cases, this asymptotic distribution leads to valid statistical inference procedures, whose empirical performances are illustrated through numerical examples.
Speculating on vacancy
Authors: Noterman Elsa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractProperty speculation has long served a role in the settler colonial appropriation of land and the racialised uneven development of contemporary cities. This future‐oriented approach to property acquisition and management is underpinned by notions of vacancy that erase past and present forms of possession and associate racialised spaces with lack and risk. Efforts to define, represent, and manage the speculative value of “vacant” properties through predictive mapping work to colonise the future in ways that erase the present and past. In this paper, I reflect on the role of speculative cartographies of property in both reifying and undermining normative urban property regimes. Specifically, I examine the city of Philadelphia’s use of cartographic tools to identify “likely” property vacancy and how they relate to ongoing racialised dispossession. I then turn to consider the potential of speculative (counter) cartographies of property to contribute to new political realities, not just prevailing geographies. To do so, I engage with the work of artists and activists who are using mapmaking grounded in Afrofuturism to reclaim and reimagine the space‐times of properties deemed by city officials and developers to be “empty” or “wasted.” I suggest that while speculative cartographies of property facilitate the consolidation of liberal property regimes, they also allow for their disruption by revealing their situatedness and contingency – and by facilitating alternative visions of urban futures.
Use of incisional preventive negative pressure wound therapy in open incisional hernia repair: Who benefits?
Authors: Leuchter Matthias , Hitzbleck Michael , Schafmayer Clemens , Philipp Mark 
Published: June 2021

AbstractComplex surgery of abdominal wall hernia continues to bear the major concern of wound healing disorders. Technical modifications have not been able to sufficiently prevent wound healing impairments or infections, even in clean elective cases, especially when dealing with large‐scale hernia defects. Incisional negative pressure wound therapy (iNPWT) in its intentional use as a preventive tool has recently found its way from theoretical and experimental advantages to the clinical routine. Different indications have been defined but evidence is lacking. We performed a retrospective analysis (1/2014–5/2019) of all ventral hernia repairs (n = 386) done in our institution as open sublay mesh reinforcement, partially requiring component separation (CS), receiving iNPWT in selected cases based on single surgeon experience. Pre‐ and perioperative data included patient and hernia characteristics as well as the employed mesh sizes. Postoperative follow‐up (median 38.5 months [interquartile range: 23.4, 53.3]) extended beyond patient dismissal and included the rate of re‐admission due to wound healing disorders. The primary outcome was the incidence of surgical site occurrences (SSO). Secondary endpoints included wound‐related readmissions, reoperations and recurrences. Patients were matched based on propensity scores in a 1:1 ratio. Propensity scores were calculated based on five preoperative variables, including sex, body‐mass‐index, American Society of Anesthesiology classification, recurrent hernia repair and operation technique, to identify significant parameters. The rate of SSO was 12% (n = 46) for all operated cases, and the rate of surgical site infection (SSI) was 8.8% (n = 34). In the subgroup of CS (n = 40), the rate increased to 15% (n = 6). The usage of iNPWT (n = 54) led to an in‐hospital SSO rate of 14.8% (n = 8) but increased to 33.3% (n = 18) when including the re‐admission rate. The SSI rate for the iNPWT cohort was 14.8% (n = 8) with a consecutive need for reoperation (Clavien‐Dindo IIIb) in 87.5% (n = 7). In the matched‐pair analysis, the hernia‐size and mesh‐size were the main risk factors for SSO. The use of iNPWT significantly reduced this statistical effect (p = 0.405). In a large and representative patient cohort, we were able to demonstrate that the advantage of iNPWT used after complex abdominal wall repair does not come first hand. Especially in the follow‐up, we found a relevant increase in wound healing problems after dismissal. To proof the benefit of iNPWT in these heterogeneous patients, we could identify hernia size and mesh size as individual risk factors that were nihilated by the use of iNPWT. We found it to be favourable to use iNPWT when mesh‐size exceeded 450 cm2.