bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Steps toward a System of IRB Precedent: Piloting Approaches to Summarizing IRB Decisions for Future Use
Authors: Seykora Andrea , Coleman Carl , Rosenfeld Stephen J. , Bierer Barbara E. , Lynch Holly Fernandez 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInstitutional review boards (IRBs) have been criticized for inconsistency and lack of transparency in decision‐making, problems that undermine both trust in their ability to protect human research participants and respect for their decisions among researchers. The absence of robust documentation of their decisions and the inability or unwillingness to share those decisions together represent a missed opportunity for IRBs to learn from one another and advance debates about challenging ethical issues. The concept of IRB precedent, modeled upon the system of legal precedent, has been proposed as a potential solution to these problems. In theory, an IRB faced with a review decision could look back at previous IRB decisions, either its own or those of other boards, made in similar studies or circumstances to guide the present decision. Some IRBs attempt this informally within their institution, but few examples of a structured system of IRB precedent have been described in the literature, and none has been widely adopted. This article describes a pilot project to summarize IRB decisions in a way that could facilitate their use as precedent by creating a documentation tool that meets four criteria—comprehensiveness, validity, searchability, and efficiency. Though this process turned out to be more challenging than expected, we identified key features of such a tool that holds promise for future development and could promote more consistent, robust IRB decision‐making and advance discourse in human research ethics.
Assessing frailty indicators in the context of psychiatric disorder: A Delphi consensus study
Authors: Sutton Jennifer L. , Gould Rebecca L. , Howard Robert J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesSubstantial construct overlap exists between indicators of frailty and symptoms of some psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to gain consensus of expert academic opinion on the potential impact of psychiatric illness on frailty assessment and how best to conceptualise and measure frailty indicators in the context of psychiatric symptoms.DesignA classic Delphi approach was employed across two studies to achieve consensus: The first‐round questionnaire consisted of open‐ended questions, analysed through content analysis. The results informed the development of statements for participants to rate their agreement with in subsequent Delphi rounds. Statements with ≥66% agreement were accepted. Delphi Study 1 recruited experts in frailty assessment (n = 13) and Delphi Study 2 recruited experts in frailty and psychiatric disorder (n = 8). Experts were recruited globally.ResultsOverall, 40% of Delphi Study 1 statements and 43% of Delphi Study 2 statements were accepted. Primarily, consensus was reached for statements concerning the influence of depression/anxiety on frailty assessment and potential methods of conceptualising and measuring frailty indicators in the context of psychiatric symptoms. Little consensus was reached concerning the ease and importance of differentiating between frailty indicators and psychiatric assessment criteria with substantial overlap.ConclusionsThe Delphi studies provide a novel exploration and consensus of expert academic opinions concerning the assessment of frailty indicators in the context of psychiatric symptoms. The results will inform future research into the adaptation or development of a frailty assessment tool specifically for use in older adult psychiatric populations.
Performance evaluation of Elecsys SARS‐CoV‐2 Antigen immunoassay for diagnostic of COVID‐19
Authors: Montalvo Villalba María C. , Sosa Glaria Elena , Rodriguez Lay Licel de los A. , Valdés Ramirez Odalys , Vallina García Dayana , Arencibia Garcia Amely , Martinez Alfonso Javier , Menes Llerena Dunia M. , Torres Pérez Loida , Resik Aguirre Sonia R. , Guzman Tirado Maria G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOne of the challenges for control and prevention of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection is the early diagnostic at the point of care. Several tests based on qualitative antigen detection have been developed; one of these is Elecsys SARS‐CoV‐2 Antigen immunoassay (Roche Diagnostics). In total, 523 nasopharyngeal swabs were randomly selected with the aims to evaluate sensitivity, specificity, cross‐reactivity, positive and negative predictive value (PPV, NPV), and agreement of Elecsys SARS‐CoV‐2 Antigen immunoassay using reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) STAT‐NAT® coronavirus disease‐2019 as reference test. Cross‐reactivity was estimated using samples positive by RT‐PCR to other respiratory viruses (influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, rhinovirus, coronavirus OC43, and HKU1). The overall sensitivity of Elecsys SARS‐CoV‐2 Antigen was 89.72% (288/321); specificity was 90.59% (183/202); and cross‐reactivity to other respiratory viruses were not detected. Elecsys SARS‐CoV‐2 Antigen immunoassay showed a high sensitivity in samples with cycle threshold value <30, which ranged from 92.81% to 95.40%, independently of symptoms. PPV and NPV were 93.81% and 84.72%, respectively. The κ coefficient was 0.79 (95% confidence interval: 0.73–0.84), showing substantial agreement between both tests. The results suggest Elecsys SARS‐CoV‐2 Antigen immunoassay could be used as an alternative to RT‐PCR testing, or in complement with it, to identify infectious individuals and reduce SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission.
An inquiry into transformational leadership, knowledge management strategies, and employee creativity
Authors: Lee Joonghee , Seol Hyun Do 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper aims to propose that knowledge management strategies (KMS) and transformational leadership (TFL) could be ways of enhancing the two components of individual creativity (domain‐relevant skills and creative‐thinking skills), as well as examine the mediating role of knowledge sharing (KS). A theoretical model concerning the connections between two KMS (codification and personalization), TFL, and the two components of individual creativity is proposed. The model is then empirically tested using partial least squares (PLS) of a survey data set of 287 employees of 42 companies in South Korea. TFL is significantly linked with the domain‐relevant skills and creative‐thinking skills via KS. Further, codification and personalization strategies are only indirectly associated with domain‐relevant skills via KS. This paper produces knowledge on a type of consequence of KMS that has been largely unexplored in previous research, the effect of KMS on individual creativity. Also, it promotes moving the KM literature to the next stage where the impact of KM practices is a contingent and contextual issue.
A case for addressing the unresolved role of permeable shelf sediments in ocean denitrification
Authors: Chua Emily J. , Huettel Markus , Fennel Katja , Fulweiler Robinson W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe marine nitrogen cycle is a main driver of ocean productivity and affects global climate. Despite decades of study, we still have an incomplete understanding of the role of the marine nitrogen cycle in the Earth system. While marine sediments play a major role in nitrogen cycling in the ocean, magnitudes and mechanisms are largely unconstrained. Recent research suggests that permeable sandy sediments on the highly energetic and dynamic continental shelf are key components of the marine nitrogen cycle, but data to quantify their contribution are lacking. Here, we use insights from measurements and modeling studies to substantiate the hypothesis that shelf sediments are an overlooked driver of the marine nitrogen cycle. Specifically, we propose that permeable shelf sediments are sites for intense nitrogen conversions and suggest a three‐pronged approach to address unresolved controversies.
Construction and Properties of Double‐Crosslinked Hydrogels Based on Host–Guest Interactions/UV Polymerization
Authors: Li Huayu , Kuang Lei , Li Jinlong , Zhu Yunping 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSupramolecular hydrogels based on host–guest interactions have inherent flaw that the host molecules easily slide on or fall off the linear guest molecules, causing collapse of the networks. Hence, a double‐crosslinking strategy is introduced in this study. The primary crosslinking formed via host–guest interactions between α‐cyclodextrin (α‐CD) and poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) or between α‐CD and four‐arm poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (4arm PEG‐MA). Then, secondary networks among PEGDMA or 4arm PEG‐MA formed via UV‐induced crosslinking. Results show that the fracture stress and fracture strain of PEGDMA‐α‐CD double‐crosslinked hydrogels (P‐C‐U) increases up to 0.63 MPa and 71%, respectively, which significantly affected by molecular weight of PEGDMA. The double‐crosslinking strategy helps increase the toughness up to 12.9 MJ m−3 (P6k‐0.025M‐C‐U) and 17.23 MJ m−3 (4P10k‐0.025M‐C‐U), as well as impart a certain degree of fatigue resistance to both PEGDMA hydrogels and 4arm‐PEG‐MA hydrogels, which is believed to be due to the energy dissipation mechanism introduced in the structure. The swelling capacity of double‐crosslinked hydrogels is decreased compared to that with single‐UV‐crosslinked hydrogels, may be because the double‐crosslinking strategy increases the crosslinking density of the hydrogel structure. In addition, both the molecular weight and concentration of PEGDMA and 4arm‐PEG‐MA influences the swelling capacity of the double‐crosslinked hydrogels.
Urinary 11‐dehydrothromboxane B2 aspirin efficacy testing is sensitive to perioperative inflammation in pediatric solid‐organ transplant patients
Authors: Boucher Alexander A. , Francisco Brenton J. , Pfeiffer Amanda , Martin Matthew , Martin Janine , Shova Amy , Nathan Jaimie D. , Tiao Gregory M. , Luchtman‐Jones Lori 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundEvidence for aspirin efficacy testing in pediatrics is limited, especially outside of cardiology, yet thrombotic events have high morbidity in other areas such as pediatric transplant surgery. Debates about whether thromboembolic events while on aspirin represent “aspirin resistance” or “high on‐treatment platelet reactivity” persist, given the poor intertest agreement between testing platforms.ProcedureThis prospective observational study involved measuring aspirin efficacy using ex vivo testing of platelet aggregation (VerifyNow‐Aspirin, VN) and urine 11‐dehydrothromboxane B2 (AsprinWorks, UTxB2) contemporaneously at up to three time points after major noncardiac organ transplant surgery. The collection days (CD) were the second and seventh days after stable aspirin dosing and then a convalescent time point 2‐9 months later.ResultsFifty‐five participants (age range, 0‐21 years) were enrolled, having undergone total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation (N = 36), orthotopic liver transplantation (N = 18), and combined liver‐kidney transplantation (N = 1). Platelet reactivity measured by VN remained unchanged, whereas UTxB2, which was elevated postoperatively, decreased significantly from CD1 to CD2 and CD3. Discordance in therapeutic efficacy was noted per manufacturer cutoffs, with therapeutic VN results in 86% of tests, whereas 12% of UTxB2 were therapeutic. Age‐based stratification of UTxB2 results using previously published pediatric median levels increased overall UTxB2 therapeutic rates (80%) and intertest concordance (67% vs 27% if using adult range). No thrombotic events were observed.ConclusionsOur data suggest that urine thromboxane production may be an underappreciated reflection of postoperative inflammation. Validation of pediatric normal ranges for UTxB2 is a critical next step.
Proteomic analysis of the lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) heart and blood: The beginning of a comprehensive lake trout protein database
Authors: Dupree Emmalyn J. , Manzoor Zaen , Alwine Shelby , Crimmins Bernard S. , Holsen Thomas M. , Darie Costel C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) are a top‐predator species in the Laurentian Great Lakes that are often used as bioindicators of chemical stressors in the ecosystem. Although many studies are done using these fish to determine concentrations of stressors like legacy persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic chemicals, there are currently no proteomic studies on the biological effects these stressors have on the ecosystem. This lack of proteomic studies on Great Lakes lake trout is because there is currently no complete, comprehensive protein database for this species. Here, we employed proteomics approaches to develop a lake trout protein database that could aid in future research on this fish, in particular exposomics and adductomics. The current study utilized heart tissue and blood from two lake trout. Our previous work using lake trout liver revealed 4194 potential protein hits in the NCBI databases and 3811 potential protein hits in the UniProtKB databases. In the current study, using the NCBI databases we identified 838 proteins for the heart and 580 proteins for the blood tissues in the biological replicate 1 (BR1) and 1180 potential protein hits for the heart and 561 potential protein hits for the blood in BR2. Similar results were obtained using the UniProtKB databases. This study builds on our previous work by continuing to build the first comprehensive lake trout protein database and provides insight into protein homology through evolutionary relationships. This data is available via the PRIDE partner repository with the dataset identifier PXD023970.
Patient competencies, coping self‐efficacy, and coping: Do they change during oncological inpatient rehabilitation and beyond?
Authors: Giesler Juergen M. , Weis Joachim , Caspari Reiner , Dauelsberg Timm , Hoffmann Wilfried , Körber Jürgen , Bartsch Hans‐Helge 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe construct of Patient Competencies (PCs) has been suggested to allow a more comprehensive understanding of cancer patients' abilities to confront emotion‐ and problem‐focused coping tasks arising from the diagnosis, treatment and survivorship of cancer. While providing a reliable and valid measure of PCs, research thus far has not clarified whether PCs change across time and/or through intervention. This study asks whether PCs change during oncological inpatient rehabilitation and beyond.MethodsN = 377 breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer patients from clinics for oncological rehabilitation were included to complete self‐report measures of PC, coping and self‐efficacy for coping with cancer at the beginning and the end of rehabilitation and 9 months afterward. In order to determine differences between tumor diagnostic groups and changes across time 3 (tumor site) x 3 (time) repeated measures analyses of variance were computed.ResultsTumor diagnostic groups differed only marginally in PCs, coping self‐efficacy and coping. The PCs of self‐regulation and managing distress and coping self‐efficacy improved slightly during rehabilitation but returned to initial levels at 9 months. Differential improvement was evident in the competencies of seeking information and interest in social services. Two of five coping behaviors decreased markedly from the end of rehabilitation to follow‐up.ConclusionsThis study suggests that oncological inpatient rehabilitation may contribute to advancing PCs, albeit to a limited extent. Aside from addressing conceptual, diagnostic and measurement issues, future research should clarify which interventions may be most effective for advancing problem‐ and emotion‐focused PCs.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19) vaccination recommendations in special populations and patients with existing comorbidities
Authors: Mohseni Afshar Zeinab , Babazadeh Arefeh , Janbakhsh Alireza , Mansouri Feizollah , Sio Terence T. , Sullman Mark J. M. , Carson‐Chahhoud Kristin , Hosseinzadeh Rezvan , Barary Mohammad , Ebrahimpour Soheil 
Published: October 2021

SummaryVaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is a crucial step in ending the current worldwide pandemic. However, several particularly vulnerable groups in the population were not included in sufficient numbers in coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19) vaccine trials. Therefore, as science advances, the advice for vaccinating these special populations against Covid‐19 will continue to evolve. This focused review provides the latest recommendations and considerations for these special populations (i.e., patients with rheumatologic and autoimmune disorders, cancer, transplant recipients, chronic liver diseases, end‐stage renal disease, neurologic disorders, psychiatric disorders, diabetes mellitus, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, human immunodeficiency virus, current smokers, pregnant and breastfeeding women, the elderly, children, and patients with allergic reactions) using the currently available research evidence.
Stackable Aromatic Dipeptide Ring Structures toward Nanotube Formation: Thermodynamics and Interactions in Gas‐Phase and Solution
Authors: Visayas Benjoe Rey B. , Mayes Maricris L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIncreasing attention has been drawn towards self‐assembling dipeptide nanotube materials (NT) for their tunable properties. Despite recent advances, a fundamental understanding of the conditions that drive the self‐assembly process is still lacking. Here, we report the structures, thermodynamics, and underlying interactions of the nanotube forming potential of cyclic and linear aromatic dipeptides phenylalanine‐tyrosine, tryptophan‐tyrosine, and dityrosine via the piecewise self‐assembly mechanism. The cyclic dipeptides have better favorability of oligomerization in the gas phase than the linear dipeptides, largely due to the enthalpic gain of forming more hydrogen bonds, suggesting that the piecewise mechanism is plausible for vapor deposition methods. Oligomerization in solution, which would require desolvation of free monomers, was shown to be thermodynamically unfavorable, especially in polar solvents, demonstrating the need for an external stimulus for the crystallization of NTs. The generated oligomeric rings show structural robustness and symmetry, allowing excellent stacking potential in both lateral and axial directions. The nature of the sidechains significantly affects the stabilizations within the oligomeric structure. The insights generated can be used as a basis for dipeptide modifications that could enhance targeted NT properties for different applications.
In Situ Grown CoMn2O4 3D‐Tetragons on Carbon Cloth: Flexible Electrodes for Efficient Rechargeable Zinc–Air Battery Powered Water Splitting Systems
Authors: Janani Gnanaprakasam , Surendran Subramani , Choi Hyeonuk , Han Mi‐Kyung , Sim Uk 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe integration of energy conversion and storage systems such as electrochemical water splitting (EWS) and rechargeable zinc–air battery (ZAB) is on the vision to provide a sustainable future with green energy resources. Herein, a unique strategy for decorating 3D tetragonal CoMn2O4 on carbon cloth (CMO–U@CC) via a facile one‐pot in situ hydrothermal process, is reported. The highly exposed morphology of 3D tetragons enhances the electrocatalytic activity of CMO–U@CC. This is the first demonstration of such a bifunctional activity of CMO–U@CC in an EWS system; it achieves a nominal cell voltage of 1.610 V @ 10 mA cm−2. Similarly, the fabricated rechargeable ZAB delivers a specific capacity of 641.6 mAh gzn−1, a power density of 135 mW cm−2, and excellent cyclic stability (50 h @ 10 mA cm−2). Additionally, a series of flexible solid‐state ZABs are fabricated and employed to power the assembled CMO–U@CC‐based water electrolyzer. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first demonstration of an in situ‐grown binder‐free CMO–U@CC as a flexible multifunctional electrocatalyst for a built‐in integrated rechargeable ZAB‐powered EWS system.
Smart Nanogatekeepers for Tumor Theranostics
Authors: Zhang Xunfa , Chen Yang , He Xian , Zhang Yachao , Zhou Mei , Peng Chengjun , He Zhonggui , Gui Shuangying , Li Zhenbao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNanoparticulate drug delivery systems (nano‐DDSs) are required to reliably arrive and persistently reside at the tumor site with minimal off‐target side effects for clinical theranostics. However, due to the complicated environment and high interstitial pressure in tumor tissue, they can return to the bloodstream and cause secondary side effects in normal organs. Recently, a number of nanogatekeepers have been engineered via structure‐transformable/stable strategies to overcome this undesirable dilemma. The emerging structure‐transformable nanogatekeepers for tumor imaging and therapy are first overviewed here, particularly for nanogatekeepers undergoing structural transformation in tumor microenvironments, cell membranes, and organelles. Thereafter, intelligent structure‐stable nanogatekeepers through reversible activation and artificial individualization receptors are overviewed. Finally, the ongoing challenges and prospects of nanogatekeepers for clinical translation are briefly discussed.
Enhanced Chemodynamic Therapy and Chemotherapy via Delivery of a Dual Threat ArtePt and Iodo‐Click Reaction Mediated Glutathione Consumption
Authors: Jin Qiao , Yan Siqi , Hu Hao , Jin Long , Pan Yuliang , Zhang Jun , Huang Jia , Xiao Haihua , Cao Peiguo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCisplatin has been used as standard regimen for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its therapeutic efficacy is greatly limited by the drug resistance. Cisplatin alone cannot achieve an ideal therapeutic outcome. Herein, a dual threat hybrid artemisinin platinum (ArtePt) is synthesized to combine chemodynamic therapy (CDT) with chemotherapy. On the one hand, artesunate can react with intracellular ferrous ion to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) via Fenton reaction for CDT. On the other hand, cisplatin can target DNA for chemotherapy. However, GSH in cancer cells can effectively consume free radicals and detoxify cisplatin simultaneously, which compromised the efficacy of CDT and chemotherapy. Hence, an amphiphilic polymer with an iodine atom in the side chain is designed and encapsulated ArtePt to form NP(ArtePt). This iodine containing polymer NP(ArtePt) can effectively deplete intracellular GSH via an Iodo‐Click reaction, thereby enhancing the effect of CDT as well as chemotherapy. Thereafter, a patient‐derived xenograft model of hepatic carcinoma (PDXHCC) is established to evaluate the therapeutic effect of NP(ArtePt), and a significant antitumor effect is achieved with NP(ArtePt). Overall, this study provides an effective strategy to combine CDT with chemotherapy to enhance the efficacy of cisplatin via Iodo‐Click reaction, opening a new avenue for the cancer treatment.
Powerful Entanglements: Interrelationships Between Platform Architectures and Young People’s Performance of Self in Social Media
Authors: Flasche Viktoria 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis chapter explores intertwinements between digital media and communicative and socio-cultural practices as they emerge in relation to contemporary cultures, specifically youth cultures. Social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram and TikTok are discursive-operative networks within a framework of economic strategies. The chapter’s empirical approach draws on the assumption that young people’s aesthetic practices, transmitted via social media formats, evoke in each instance specific relational modes that preform a space of possible subject positions. The chapter summarises the findings of two selective longitudinal studies examining young people’s practices of self-articulation, consistently interpreted in the context of the specific platform used in each instance. These findings point to the potential of aesthetic-tentative practices as performed by young people to catalyse societal critique.