bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Genetic Dissection of Mouse Unconventional Myosin-VA: Head Region Mutations
Authors: Huang Jian-Dong , Cope M Jamie T V , Mermall Valerie , Strobel Marjorie C , Kendrick-Jones John , Russell Liane B , Mooseker Mark S , Copeland Neal G , Jenkins Nancy A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The mouse dilute (d) locus encodes unconventional myosin-VA (MyoVA). Mice carrying null alleles of dilute have a lightened coat color and die from a neurological disorder resembling ataxia and opisthotonus within three weeks of birth. Immunological and ultrastructural studies suggest that MyoVA is involved in the transport of melanosomes in melanocytes and smooth endoplasmic reticulum in cerebellar Purkinje cells. In studies described here, we have used an RT-PCR-based sequencing approach to identify the mutations responsible for 17 viable dilute alleles that vary in their effects on coat color and the nervous system. Seven of these mutations mapped to the MyoVA motor domain and are reported here. Crystallographic modeling and mutant expression studies were used to predict how these mutations might affect motor domain function and to attempt to correlate these effects with the mutant phenotype.
Genetic Diversity at a Single Locus Under Viability Selection and Facultative Apomixis: Equilibrium Structure and Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg Frequencies
Authors: Overath R Deborah , Asmussen Marjorie A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We extensively analyze the maintenance of genetic variation and deviations from Hardy-Weinberg frequencies at a diallelic locus under mixed mating with apomixis and constant viability selection. Analytical proofs show that: (1) at most one polymorphic equilibrium exists, (2) polymorphism requires overdominant or underdominant selection, and (3) a simple, modified overdominance condition is sufficient to maintain genetic variation. In numerical analyses, only overdominant polymorphic equilibria are stable, and these are stable whenever they exist, which happens for ~78% of random fitness and mating parameters. The potential for maintaining both alleles increases with increasing apomixis or outcrossing and decreasing selfing. Simulations also indicate that equilibrium levels of heterozygosity will often be statistically indistinguishable from Hardy-Weinberg frequencies and that adults, not seeds, should usually be censused to maximize detecting deviations. Furthermore, although both censuses more often have an excess rather than a deficit of heterozygotes, analytical sign analyses of the fixation indices prove that, overall, adults are more likely to have an excess and seeds a deficit at equilibrium.
white+ Transgene Insertions Presenting a Dorsal/Ventral Pattern Define a Single Cluster of Homeobox Genes That Is Silenced by the Polycomb-group Proteins in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Netter Sophie , Fauvarque Marie-Odile , del Corral Ruth Diez , Dura Jean-Maurice , Coen Dario 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We used the white gene as an enhancer trap and reporter of chromatin structure. We collected white+ transgene insertions presenting a peculiar pigmentation pattern in the eye: white expression is restricted to the dorsal half of the eye, with a clear-cut dorsal/ventral (D/V) border. This D/V pattern is stable and heritable, indicating that phenotypic expression of the white reporter reflects positional information in the developing eye. Localization of these transgenes led us to identify a unique genomic region encompassing 140 kb in 69D1–3 subject to this D/V effect. This region contains at least three closely related homeobox-containing genes that are constituents of the iroquois complex (IRO-C). IRO-C genes are coordinately regulated and implicated in similar developmental processes. Expression of these genes in the eye is regulated by the products of the Polycomb -group (Pc-G) and trithorax-group (trx-G) genes but is not modified by classical modifiers of position-effect variegation. Our results, together with the report of a Pc -G binding site in 69D, suggest that we have identified a novel cluster of target genes for the Pc-G and trx-G products. We thus propose that ventral silencing of the whole IRO-C in the eye occurs at the level of chromatin structure in a manner similar to that of the homeotic gene complexes, perhaps by local compaction of the region into a heterochromatin-like structure involving the Pc-G products.
Assessing the Impact of Secondary Structure and Solvent Accessibility on Protein Evolution
Authors: Goldman Nick , Thorne Jeffrey L , Jones David T 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEmpirically derived models of amino acid replacement are employed to study the association between various physical features of proteins and evolution. The strengths of these associations are statistically evaluated by applying the models of protein evolution to 11 diverse sets of protein sequences. Parametric bootstrap tests indicate that the solvent accessibility status of a site has a particularly strong association with the process of amino acid replacement that it experiences. Significant association between secondary structure environment and the amino acid replacement process is also observed. Careful description of the length distribution of secondary structure elements and of the organization of secondary structure and solvent accessibility along a protein did not always significantly improve the fit of the evolutionary models to the data sets that were analyzed. As indicated by the strength of the association of both solvent accessibility and secondary structure with amino acid replacement, the process of protein evolution—both above and below the species level—will not be well understood until the physical constraints that affect protein evolution are identified and characterized.
Effort Mobilization and Healthy Aging
Authors: Hess Thomas M , Freund Alexandra M , Tobler Philippe N 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHealthy aging is in part dependent upon people’s willingness and ability to mobilize the effort necessary to support behaviors that promote health and well-being. People may have the best information relating to health along with the best intentions to stay healthy (e.g., health-related goals), but positive outcomes will ultimately be dependent upon them actually investing the necessary effort toward using this information to achieve their goals. In addition, the influences on effort mobilization may vary as a function of physical, psychological, and social changes experienced by the individual across the life span. Building on the overall theme of this special issue, we explore the relationships between motivation, effort mobilization, and healthy aging. We begin by characterizing the relationship between motivation and effort, and identify the factors that influence effort mobilization. We then consider the factors associated specifically with aging that may influence effort mobilization (e.g., changes in cardiovascular and neural mechanisms) and, ultimately, the health and well-being of older adults. Finally, distinguishing between those influential factors that are modifiable versus intractable, we identify ways to structure situations and beliefs to optimize mobilization in support of healthy aging.
Improvement of Gut Diversity and Composition After Direct-Acting Antivirals in Hepatitis C Virus–Infected Patients With or Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus Coinfection
Authors: Chuaypen Natthaya , Jinato Thananya , Avihingsanon Anchalee , Chirapongsathorn Sakkarin , Cheevadhanarak Supapon , Nookaew Intawat , Tanaka Yasuhito , Tangkijvanich Pisit 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
The influence of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) on the composition of gut microbiota in hepatitis C virus (HCV)–infected patients with or without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is unclear.

Methods
We enrolled 62 patients with HCV monoinfection and 24 patients with HCV/HIV coinfection receiving elbasvir-grazoprevir from a clinical trial. Fecal specimens collected before treatment and 12 weeks after treatment were analyzed using amplicon-based 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing.

Results
Sustained virological response rates in the monoinfection and coinfection groups were similar (98.4% vs 95.8%). Pretreatment bacterial communities in the patient groups were less diverse and distinct from those of healthy controls. Compared with HCV-monoinfected patients, HCV/HIV-coinfected individuals showed comparable microbial alpha diversity but decreased Firmicutes-Bacteroidetes ratios. The improvement of microbial dysbiosis was observed in responders achieving sustained virological response across fibrosis stages but was not found in nonresponders. Responders with a low degree of fibrosis exhibited a recovery in alpha diversity to levels comparable to those in healthy controls. Reciprocal alterations of increased beneficial bacteria and reduced pathogenic bacteria were also observed in responders.

Conclusions
This study indicates a short-term effect of direct-acting antivirals in restoration of microbial dysbiosis. The favorable changes in gut microbiota profiles after viral eradication might contribute toward the reduction of HCV-related complications among infected individuals.
Viral Load of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Adults During the First and Second Wave of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic in Houston, Texas: The Potential of the Superspreader
Authors: Avadhanula Vasanthi , Nicholson Erin G , Ferlic-Stark Laura , Piedra Felipe-Andres , Blunck Brittani N , Fragoso Sonia , Bond Nanette L , Santarcangelo Patricia L , Ye Xunyan , McBride Trevor J , Aideyan Letisha O , Patel Kirtida D , Maurer Lauren , Angelo Laura S , Piedra Pedro A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, a minority of index cases are associated with a majority of secondary cases suggesting that superspreaders could drive the pandemic. We identified a phenotype in individuals with extremely high viral load who could act as superspreaders.

Methods
Data were analyzed from individuals tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from 18 March through 15 August 2020. Outcomes were compared using contingency table and quantile regression to test the equality of medians between the pandemic waves and by viral load groups.

Results
Of the 11 564 samples tested, 1319 (11.4%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2. An increase in weekly median viral load occurred in the second wave of the SARS-CoV2 pandemic. This population was more likely to be women, outpatients, and symptomatic and to have an extremely high or high viral load. In patients with multiple reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction–positive test results, the durations of viral shedding were comparable between individuals with asymptomatic/mild and mild/moderate illness severity.

Conclusions
We detected a small group of individuals with extremely high SARS-CoV-2 viral loads and mild illness. We believe that these individuals’ characteristics could be consistent with the superspreader phenomenon and that greater awareness of the social dynamics of these individuals is needed to understand the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
Bacterial Vaginosis and Behavioral Factors Associated With Incident Pelvic Inflammatory Disease in the Longitudinal Study of Vaginal Flora
Authors: Turpin Rodman , Tuddenham Susan , He Xin , Klebanoff Mark A , Ghanem Khalil G , Brotman Rebecca M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) leads to long-term reproductive consequences for cisgender women. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) and behavioral factors may play a role in PID pathogenesis. We assessed associations between BV, behavioral factors, and incident PID.

Methods
We analyzed participants (N = 2956) enrolled in the National Institutes of Health Longitudinal Study of Vaginal Flora, a cohort of nonpregnant cisgender women followed quarterly for 12 months. PID was defined by at least 1 of the following: cervical motion tenderness, uterine tenderness, or adnexal tenderness (160 cases). We tested associations between BV (measured using Nugent and Amsel criteria) and PID at the subsequent visit. Sociodemographic factors, sexual behaviors, and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), untreated at baseline and concurrent with BV, were covariates in Cox proportional hazards models. Adjusting for the few Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Trichomonas vaginalis cases did not alter results.

Results
In multivariable modeling, Nugent-BV (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.53 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.05–2.21]), symptomatic Amsel-BV (aHR, 2.15 [95% CI, 1.23–3.75]), and vaginal douching (aHR, 1.47 [95% CI, 1.03–2.09]) were associated with incident PID.

Conclusions
BV was associated with incident PID in a large prospective cohort, controlling for behavioral factors and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Larger studies on how BV, STIs, behaviors, and host responses interactively affect PID risk are needed.
Field Evidence of Mosquito Population Regulation by a Gregarine Parasite
Authors: Soghigian John , Livdahl Todd 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Although parasites are by definition costly to their host, demonstrating that a parasite is regulating its host abundance in the field can be difficult. Here we present an example of a gregarine parasite, Ascogregarina taiwanensis Lien and Levine (Apicomplexa: Lecudinidae), regulating its mosquito host, Aedes albopictus Skuse (Diptera: Culicidae), in Bermuda. We sampled larvae from container habitats over 2 yr, assessed parasite prevalence, and estimated host abundance from egg counts obtained in neighboring ovitraps. We regressed change in average egg count from 1 yr to the next on parasite prevalence and found a significant negative effect of parasite prevalence. We found no evidence of host density affecting parasite prevalence. Our results demonstrate that even for a parasite with moderate virulence, host regulation can occur in the field.
Duodenal diverticulum at the site of the major papilla may be a risk factor for biliary stent migration
Authors: Morosin Tia , De Robles M Shella , Still Andrew 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Stent migration is a well-documented complication following biliary stent insertion. The majority of cases demonstrate passage through the bowel without incident; however, migration may also result in complications, including bowel obstruction or perforation requiring urgent intervention. Risk factors for stent migration comprise of disease pathology as well as stent characteristics including dimension, material and number. Although duodenal diverticulae has been noted as a risk factor for duodenal perforation or obstruction post stent migration, it has yet to be implicated as a contributor to migration itself. Here, we present an unusual case of ileal obstruction secondary to biliary stent impaction, in which the presence of a duodenal diverticulum may be considered a viable risk factor for stent migration.
Potential transceptor AtNRT1.13 modulates shoot architecture and flowering time in a nitrate-dependent manner
Authors: Chen Hui-Yu , Lin Shan-Hua , Cheng Ling-Hsin , Wu Jeng-Jong , Lin Yi-Chen , Tsay Yi-Fang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Compared with root development regulated by external nutrients, less is known about how internal nutrients are monitored to control plasticity of shoot development. In this study, we characterize an Arabidopsis thaliana transceptor, NRT1.13 (NPF4.4), of the NRT1/PTR/NPF family. Different from most NRT1 transporters, NRT1.13 does not have the conserved proline residue between transmembrane domains 10 and 11; an essential residue for nitrate transport activity in CHL1/NRT1.1/NPF6.3. As expected, when expressed in oocytes, NRT1.13 showed no nitrate transport activity. However, when Ser 487 at the corresponding position was converted back to proline, NRT1.13 S487P regained nitrate uptake activity, suggesting that wild-type NRT1.13 cannot transport nitrate but can bind it. Subcellular localization and β-glucuronidase reporter analyses indicated that NRT1.13 is a plasma membrane protein expressed at the parenchyma cells next to xylem in the petioles and the stem nodes. When plants were grown with a normal concentration of nitrate, nrt1.13 showed no severe growth phenotype. However, when grown under low-nitrate conditions, nrt1.13 showed delayed flowering, increased node number, retarded branch outgrowth, and reduced lateral nitrate allocation to nodes. Our results suggest that NRT1.13 is required for low-nitrate acclimation and that internal nitrate is monitored near the xylem by NRT1.13 to regulate shoot architecture and flowering time.
Anxiety and Fear Avoidance Beliefs and Behavior May Be Significant Risk Factors for Chronic Opioid Analgesic Therapy Reliance for Patients with Chronic Pain—Results from a Preliminary Study
Authors: Silva Marcelina Jasmine , Coffee Zhanette , Yu Chong Ho , Martel Marc O 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe differences between patients with chronic, non-cancer pain (CNCP) who were successfully able to cease full mu agonist chronic opioid analgesic therapy (COAT), and those who exhibited refractory COAT reliance, among those who participated in a multidisciplinary program designed for COAT cessation.DesignA retrospective review of electronic medical records (EMR) data was organized for preliminary analysis.SettingA multicenter private practice specializing in CNCP, which received patient referrals from the surrounding geographical area of primary and specialty care offices in Northern California.SubjectsData from 109 patients with CNCP who participated in a multidisciplinary program to cease COAT between the dates of October 2017 to December 2019 were examined.MethodsEMR data, pre-COAT cessation, of oral morphine milligram equivalence (MME) and validated questionnaire responses assessing anxiety and fear-based beliefs and behavior, as well as opioid misuse, were extracted and compared between those who successfully ceased COAT and those who did not.ResultsPatients who were unsuccessful at COAT cessation reported significantly higher Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FAB) scores. No significant differences were found based on incoming MME amounts, Current Opioid Misuse Measure (COMM) or Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK) scores. Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) scores showed a split pattern with unclear significance.ConclusionsResults suggest that fear avoidance beliefs and behavior, as measured by the FAB, play a significant role in refractory COAT reliance for patients with CNCP.
Digital technology-enabled transformative consumer responsibilisation: a case study
Authors: Parth Shalini , Manoharan Bhupesh , Parthiban Rishikesan , Qureshi Israr , Bhatt Babita , Rakshit Krishanu 
Published: February 2021

PurposeThis paper aims to explore how a socio-digital platform can facilitate consumer responsibilisation in food consumption to encourage sustained responsible consumption and uncovers its possible impacts on different stakeholders in the agricultural ecosystem.Design/methodology/approachTwo-year-long case study of a socio-digital platform that aims to integrate consumers with the farming process; creating value for them and the farmers in India.FindingsThe process of consumer responsibilisation happens through three mechanisms; construction of a moral-material identity, vicarious self-artisanship and shared responsibilisation. Through these key mechanisms, the socio-digital platform could foster consumer responsibilisation and engender positive societal impacts by promoting both responsible production and consumption.Research limitations/implicationsThis study shows how the construction of moral–material identity could move beyond an either-or choice between moralistic and material identity and allow space for the coexistence of both. This paper highlights how a socio-digital platform can be leveraged to facilitate responsible consumer engagement in an aestheticised farming process.Practical implicationsThis paper aims to guide policymakers to design digitally-enabled human-centred innovation in facilitating consumer engagement with farming and cultivating responsible consumers in achieving sustainable development goals.Social implicationsThis study shows how consumer responsibilisation can actually address market failures by enhancing the value created in the system, reducing wastage and cutting costs wherever possible, which drive better incomes for the farmers.Originality/valuePrevious studies have discussed heterogeneous motivations for responsible food consumption. However, this research explores the processes through which an individual reconnects to food production and the mechanisms that support this process in the long run.
Implicit-explicit power motives congruence and forgiveness in the workplace conflict: the mediating role of empathy
Authors: Ran Yaxuan , Liu Qiaowei , Cheng Qi , Zhang Yishi 
Published: February 2021

PurposeIn the workplace, forgiveness can increase positive interactions between the victim and offender in the aftermath of a conflict. As an important intrapersonal factor in an organization, a victim’s power motives may shape one’s forgiveness. However, previous research shows inconsistent results because it only considers explicit power motives while ignoring the possible contingent role of implicit power motives in influencing forgiveness. This paper aims to consider both implicit and explicit power motives and aims to examine their joint effect on interpersonal forgiveness in the workplace conflict.Design/methodology/approachPolynomial regressions with response surface analysis were conducted with 415 Amazon Mechanical Turk users. Implicit power motives were measured by using a modified picture story exercise technique, whereas explicit power motives were measured via self-response scales.FindingsFirst, congruence in power motives was associated with higher empathy and forgiveness than incongruence. In addition, high-implicit/high explicit power motives led to higher level of empathy and forgiveness than low-implicit/low-explicit power motives. Furthermore, directional power motive incongruence had an additive effect on forgiveness, such that discrepantly low-implicit/high-explicit power motives were more detrimental to empathy and forgiveness than discrepantly high-implicit/low-explicit power motives. Finally, empathy underlies the combined effect of implicit and explicit power motives on forgiveness.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that in a workplace conflict, managers should consider an employee’s explicit and implicit motives. To build the harmony group work climate, managers can improve intrapersonal implicit–explicit power motive congruence by providing developmental support and training focusing on self-enhancement and self-affirmation with the low-explicit-powerful employees. Further, to promote forgiveness in a conflict, organizations can use empathy-based exercise and provide team building activities to increase employees’ empathy and perspective-taking toward others.Originality/valueBy integrating implicit–explicit framework, this paper conciliates previous studies investigating the relationship between power and forgiveness by proposing that the two types of power motives, implicit and explicit power motives, jointly influences a victim’s forgiving tendency. This study serves as a meaningful touchstone for future research to consider both implicit and explicit power motives into the organizational conflict framework.