bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orbital Fractures and Air Travel
Authors: Riordan Edward A. , van der Rijt Rhys G. , Kernohan Michael D. 
Published: February 2021

Previous surveys indicate that the majority of clinicians recommend avoidance of air travel for a period of time following an acute orbital fracture. This advice has largely been based on the theoretical risk that in-flight pressure variation may exacerbate orbital emphysema and produce visual compromise, though no previous reviews have been conducted on the evidence underpinning this advice. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to conduct a systematic review of the literature pertaining to the safety of air travel in the setting of an acute orbital fracture. A systematic review of the OVID Medline database – and of cases referenced as providing evidence for adverse outcomes due to flying with an orbital fracture – was carried out.
Two articles were identified from the literature with data specific to patients who undertook air travel following orbital fractures. A large case series identified no complications in patients exposed to both pressurized and unpressurized air travel, and only a single case report detailed an adverse outcome requiring intervention. The remainder of the articles that had previously been cited as evidence against air travel involved additional factors such as intra-ocular pathologies. There is, therefore, a paucity of evidence to support the conventional advice regarding avoidance of air travel, though clinicians should exclude the possibility of an associated intra-ocular injury, advise against nose-blowing in flight, and provide advice regarding alternative methods to the Valsalva maneuver for equalizing middle ear pressure in flight.

Level of Evidence:
IV
Repair of Defects in the Scalp and Face With Expanded Superficial Temporal Artery Flaps: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Ni Xiao-Dong , Xu Yuan , Wang Min , Xu Meng-Nan , Sun Li-Ming , Cui Lei , Yuan Si-Ming 
Published: February 2021

Background and Objective:
Defects resulted from the removal of large scars, benign tumors, severe pigmentation abnormalities, and vascular malformations, etc., in the scalp and face need to be repaired to restore the appearance. Here, the authors introduced the application of various expanded superficial temporal artery (STA) flaps in the repair of above defects.

Methods:
From Jan. 2015 to Dec. 2018, 19 patients with craniofacial secondary defects received the repair with expanded STA flaps in our clinic. The defects were resulted from the removal of scalp scar (n = 6), neurofibroma (n = 4), sebaceous nevus (n = 3), arteriovenous malformation (n = 2), facial scar (n = 2), and port-wine stain (n = 2). The expanded STA flaps included 14 cases of flaps pedicled by parietal branch of STA, 2 cases of flaps pedicled by parietal branch of STA combined with laser hair removal, 1 case of flaps pedicled by frontal branch of STA, and 2 cases of prefabricated expanded skin flap with the superficial temporal fascia in the neck.

Results:
The two-stage operation and water-filling expansion were accomplished in all patients. All flaps survived well, except one flap with venous congestion, which resolved after blood-letting and application of drugs promoting venous draining. In the three to six months follow-up, the flaps’ color, texture, and thickness were satisfying.

Conclusions:
Individual application of different types of expanded STA flaps could achieve ideal results in repairing craniofacial secondary defects.
Complications During Grayson Presurgical Nasoalveolar Molding Method in Nonsyndromic Infants With Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Garcés Alvear Gonzalo Andrés , Moreno Soza María Ignacia Beatriz , Ormeño Quintana Andrea Del Pilar , Gutiérrez Melis Carolina Macarena 
Published: February 2021

Introduction:
Within the treatment protocols of patients with cleft lip and palate, the nasoalveolar molding (NAM) acquire more followers every day.
Their benefits have been well documented, but not equally their complications. The purpose of this study was to describe the complications produced during treatment with Grayson presurgical NAM in nonsyndromic infants with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate.

Methods:
Bibliographic review on 8 databases using search algorithms. By applying the exclusion and inclusion criteria, 21 articles were detected, which were analyzed in full text. Complication, cause, and solution data were presented in supplemental tables.

Results:
Complications are related to soft tissues, hard tissues, and those derived from care.

Soft tissues:
irritation, ulceration, gingival, facial, or nasal bleeding. Candidiasis. An overexpanded nostril creation to improper placement or modifications of the nasal stent at home.
The most frequent were lip and cheeks skin irritation by taping, and gingival ulceration due to excessive pressure.

Hard tissues:
misalignment of alveolar segments and the premature eruption of teeth.

Derived from care:
inadequate device retention, adherence problems to treatment, poor/excessive care of the caregiver, intolerance to the device, eating problems, breathing, and socioeconomic issues.

Conclusions:
The main complications occur in soft tissues, related to the retention mechanisms and an inadequate adjustment of the device.
The benefits of NAM exceed the complications. It is necessary to know them to avoid any harmful results since they could prolong or stop the treatment, compromising the result. The active collaboration of the family in the insertion and maintenance of the device is crucial for success.
Are Hepatitis C Positive Female Liver Transplant Recipients Still at Increased Risk for Graft Failure? Reexamining the Disparity in the Modern Era of Direct-acting Antiviral Agents
Authors: Yoeli Dor , Choudhury Rashikh A. , Moore Hunter B. , Sauaia Angela , Simpson Mary Ann , Pomfret Elizabeth A. , Nydam Trevor L. 
Published: February 2021

Background.
This study aimed to compare the outcomes of hepatitis C virus (HCV) positive (+) female liver transplant recipients to HCV negative (–) female and HCV+ male recipients before and after the direct-acting–antiviral (DAA) era.

Methods.
The United Network for Organ Sharing liver transplant database was retrospectively reviewed from 2002 to 2017. The DAA era was defined as ≥2014.

Results.
In the pre-DAA era, HCV+ female recipients had greater risk for graft failure compared with HCV+ male (hazard ratio [HR], 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.11; P = 0.03) and HCV– female (HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.43-1.60; P < 0.001) recipients. In the post-DAA era, HCV+ female recipients had lower risk for graft failure compared with HCV+ male recipients (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.70-0.97; P = 0.02) and equivalent outcomes to HCV– female recipients. HCV+ female recipients with graft failure had increased likelihood of graft failure due to disease recurrence compared with HCV+ male recipients in the pre-DAA era (odds ratio, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.08-1.39; P = 0.001) but not in the post-DAA era.

Conclusions.
Although historically HCV+ female recipients were at disproportionately increased risk for graft failure and disease recurrence, this disparity has been eliminated in the DAA era.
Schizophrenia during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Barlati Stefano , Nibbio Gabriele , Vita Antonio 
Published: February 2021

Purpose of review
The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic is having a critical impact on healthcare systems across the world, as well as on mental health in the general population; however, evidence regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people living with schizophrenia and on the onset of psychotic symptoms is currently emerging.

Recent findings
People living with schizophrenia are at an increased risk of COVID-19 and present worse COVID-19-related outcomes, including mortality. They show low levels of information and of concern regarding the possibility of contagion and infection but presented substantially stable levels of psychotic symptoms and even increased subjective well being during the pandemic. SARS-CoV-2, as well as the prolonged social isolation and the spread of misinformation, appear to be responsible in some cases for the onset of psychotic symptoms.

Summary
Clinicians should inform and educate their patients on the risks related to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 and on the precautions that they should adopt to avoid contagion. Particular attention should be devoted to maintaining the continuity of care, especially in frail patients. Telemedicine might represent a valid support, but face-to-face visits in some cases remain essential. The hypothesis of a direct role of viral infection on the onset of psychotic disorders is currently debated, as viral involvement of central nervous system appears to be rather infrequent in COVID-19.
Clinical evaluation of the molecular-based BD SARS-CoV-2/Flu for the BD MAX™ System
Authors: Paradis Sonia , Lockamy Elizabeth , Cooper Charles K. , Young Stephen 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTObjectivesEstablish the diagnostic performance related to SARS-CoV-2 and Flu A/B detection for the BD SARS-CoV-2/Flu for BD MAX™ System (“MAX SARS-CoV-2/Flu”) multiplex assay.Methods and MaterialsTwo hundred and thirty-five (235) retrospective nasopharyngeal specimens were obtained from external vendors. The BD BioGx SARS-CoV-2 Reagents for BD MAX™ System (“BioGx SARS-CoV-2”) and the Cepheid Xpert® Xpress Flu/RSV (“Xpert Flu”) were utilized as reference methods.ResultsBy reference methods, 52 specimens were SARS-CoV-2-positive, 59 were Flu A-positive, and 60 were Flu B-positive. MAX SARS-CoV-2/Flu had positive percent agreement (PPA) and negative percent agreement (NPA) values for SARS-CoV-2 detection of 96.2% ([95%CI]:87.0-98.9) and 100% [95%CI:88.7-100], respectively; PPA values for Flu A and Flu B of 100% [95%CI:93.9-100] and 98.3% [95%CI:91.1-99.7], respectively, and NPA values for Flu A and Flu B of 98.9% [95%CI:94.0-99.8] and 100% [95%CI:95.9-100], respectively.DiscussionThe MAX SARS-CoV-2/Flu assays met FDA-EUA performance criteria for SARS-CoV-2 (≥95% for PPA and NPA) and FDA clearance criteria for Flu A/B (PPA ≥90%; lower bound of the 95%CI ≥80%) and (NPA ≥95%; lower bound of the 95%CI ≥90%).
Study protocol for an inception cohort investigating possible predictors of systemic steroids effectiveness in treatment of acute sciatic pain
Authors: Porceban Guilherme Henrique , Ueta Renato Salvioni , Belloti João Carlos , da Costa Neto Cláudio Antônio , França Filho Alexandre , Antônio Vieira Fabio , Puertas Eduardo Barros , Tamaoki Marcel Jun 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionSciatic pain secondary to nerve root compression occurs in approximately 1% of the general population in the United States, which represents enormous costs related to the treatment and loss of function of symptomatic individuals.Acute radicular pain is predominantly caused by herniation of the intervertebral disc but can also be caused by degenerative changes. Compressive and inflammatory mechanical factors are interrelated in the pathophysiology of symptoms.Although radiculopathy is self-limited in most cases, in its acute stage it is associated with painful symptoms and loss of essential function. The first-line treatment usually employed is a conservative approach, including a short rest period and use of common analgesics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.As an alternative to the conservative approach, the systemic administration of oral corticosteroids, such as prednisone, are widely used. However, the current literature shows contradictory results for this treatment in terms of improvement of pain and function.The present study hypothesizes that treatment with prednisone is effective in the treatment of acute sciatic pain in patients with social, clinical, and demographic characteristics favorable to this treatment.Objectivesthe main objective of the present study is to identify predictors, both clinical and imaging, of a positive response, in terms of both function and pain intensity, to prednisone treatment in patients with acute sciatic pain.Methods and analysisthe present study will include a cohort of patients, with a diagnosis of acute sciatica, who will receive treatment with oral prednisone. The pain and functional scores before and after treatment will be compared. Thereafter, the social, clinical, and radiographic characteristics of responsive patients will be compared to those of patients who did not respond well to the treatment.Ethics and disseminationthe study received the approval of Federal University of São Paulo Research Committee (4.232.193) and Research Ethics National Committee (CONEP).ARTICLE SUMMARYStrengths and limitations of this studyThe study is based on samples from a large population recruited from a reference facility for the treatment of acute sciatic pain.There is potential for optimization of treatment response with oral corticosteroids.The study will be conducted with a population with defined clinical characteristics.Due to the relatively short follow-up period, the project will not evaluate alternative treatments, such as surgery.
Hidden information on protein function in censuses of proteome foldedness
Authors: Cox Dezerae , Ang Ching-Seng , Nillegoda Nadinath B. , Reid Gavin E. , Hatters Danny M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMethods that assay protein foldedness with proteomics have generated censuses of protein folding stabilities in biological milieu. Surprisingly, different censuses poorly correlate with each other. Here, we show that methods targeting foldedness through monitoring amino acid sidechain reactivity also detect changes in conformation and ligand binding. About one quarter of cysteine or methionine sidechains in proteins in mammalian cell lysate increase in reactivity upon chemical denaturant titration consistent with two-state unfolding. Paradoxically, up to one third decreased reactivity, which were enriched in proteins with functions relating to unfolded protein stress. One protein, chaperone HSPA8, displayed changes arising from ligand and cofactor binding. Unmasking this hidden information should improve efforts to understand both folding and the remodeling of protein function directly in complex biological settings.One Sentence SummaryWe show that proteome folding stability censuses are ill-defined because they earmark hidden information on conformation and ligand binding.
Replicating Light-Off Startle Responses inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Allen Thomas A. , Budenberg William J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe present a highly reproducible method for investigating the startle flight responses of wild typeDrosophila melanogasterto light-off stimuli, using the automated Zantiks MWP unit. The built-in, live video-tracking of the Zantiks unit measured distance travelled between frames for 24 flies after light-off stimuli, whilst providing video-recordings of each startle. Using light-off stimuli which elicited peak startling, we found evidence for habituation of the startle response after only a few consecutive trials. Distance travelled on startle trials was reduced when a prepulse stimulus of shorter duration was introduced before the light-off stimulus, providing behavioural evidence for prepulse inhibition (PPI). Deficits in habituation and PPI are linked to various psychiatric disorders and our method holds great potential for use alongside genetic and pharmacological manipulations. Here, we demonstrate the capability of this highly automated, high throughput technology to streamline behavioural research on Drosophila, using a replicable, controlled environment.
Targeting of the NLRP3 Inflammasome for early COVID-19
Authors: Marchetti Carlo , Mould Kara , Tengesdal Isak W. , Janssen William J , Dinarello Charles A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFollowing entry and replication of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) into ACE2 expressing cells, the infected cells undergo lysis releasing more virus but also cell contents. In the lung, constitutive cytokines such as IL-1α are released together with other cell contents. A cascade of inflammatory cytokines ensues, including chemokines and IL-1β, triggering both local as well as systemic inflammation. This cascade of inflammatory cytokines in patients with COVID-19 is termed “Cytokine Release Syndrome” (CRS), and is associated with poor outcomes and death. Many studies reveal that blocking IL-1 activities in COVID-19 patients reduces disease severity and deaths. Here we report highly significant circulating levels of IL-1β, IL-1 Receptor antagonist, IL-6, TNFα, IL-10 and soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor in COVID-19 patients with mild or no symptoms. We also report that in circulating myeloid cells from the same patients, there is increased expression of the NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) early in the infection. We observed increased NLRP3 gene expression in myeloid cells correlated with IL-1β gene expression and also with elevated circulating IL-1β levels. We conclude that early in SARS-CoV-2 infection, NLRP3 activation takes place and initiates the CRS. Thus, NLRP3 is a target to reduce the organ damage of inflammatory cytokines of the CRS.
Influence of High Concentrations of Copper Sulfate onIn VitroAdventitious Organogenesis ofCucumis sativusL.
Authors: Miguel Jorge Fonseca 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe effects of different concentrations of copper sulfate (0.2 to 5 mg L−1) onin vitrocallus and shoot formation of cucumber was investigated. Four-day-old cotyledon explants from the inbred line ‘Wisconsin 2843’ and the commercial cultivars ‘Marketer’ and ‘Negrito’ were used. The results on callus-derived shoots showed that the optimal concentration of CuSO4added to Murashige & Skoog (MS)-derived shoot induction medium containing 0.5 mg L−1IAA and 2.5 mg L−1BAP was 8-200 fold greater than in standard MS medium, and was genotype dependent. The highest genotypes response on shoot frequency and shoot number was achieved in this order by ‘Marketer’, ‘Negrito’ and ‘Wisconsin 2843’ with 1, 0.2 y 5 mg L−1CuSO4, respectively. The genotype with the lowest control performance demanded the highest concentration of CuSO4for its optimal morphogenic response - 6- and 10-fold more in shoot frequency and shoot number, respectively. The other cultivars registered a 2-fold increase in both variables. All explants formed callus and the response on callus extension varied among cultivars. The regression analysis showed a statistically significant relationship between shoot number and concentrations of CuSO4and absence of association with callus extension. The present results indicate that application of specific concentrations of CuSO4higher than in standard MS medium, increases adventitious cucumber shoot organogenesis.
Nonessential sum graph of an Artinian ring
Authors: Barman Bikash , Rajkhowa Kukil Kalpa 
Published: February 2021

PurposeThe authors study the interdisciplinary relation between graph and algebraic structure ring defining a new graph, namely “non-essential sum graph”. The nonessential sum graph, denoted by NES(R), of a commutative ringRwith unity is an undirected graph whose vertex set is the collection of all nonessential ideals ofRand any two vertices are adjacent if and only if their sum is also a nonessential ideal ofR.Design/methodology/approachThe method is theoretical.FindingsThe authors obtain some properties of NES(R) related with connectedness, diameter, girth, completeness, cut vertex,r-partition and regular character. The clique number, independence number and domination number of NES(R) are also found.Originality/valueThe paper is original.
Effect of flipped teaching on the performance and perceptions of pre-service teachers on a biology course
Authors: Reinoso Roberto , Delgado-Iglesias Jaime , Fernández Itziar 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyse student performance and perceptions when a flipped classroom setting is used, in comparison with the traditional model.

Design/methodology/approach
The inverted learning model or “flipped classroom” is a pedagogical approach that attempts to reverse the traditional teaching and learning process, making the student the protagonist of their own learning, and is characterised by the theoretical contents being taught “outside the classroom”, allowing students to spend more class time carrying out other types of more practical activities that encourage much more active learning, such as enquiry exercises, problem solving, collaborative projects and so on. The study was conducted on a biology course of the Primary Education Bachelor’s Degree during the 2017/2018 academic year (n = 240).

Findings
The results revealed that better learning outcomes were achieved by students when the flipped classroom methodology was proposed. It has also been found that student perceptions of the teaching approach were more positive when the flipped model was followed. The flipped classroom methodology also seems to foster student participation and motivation more effectively than traditional teaching formats, mainly because the active learning activities that are carried out in this new educative approach manage to involve the students in their own learning processes.

Originality/value
Despite the enhanced popularity of flipped classroom research in multiple educational contexts and the growing number of studies published in recent years, there is little empirical evidence regarding the effect of the flipped classroom on learning outcomes and satisfaction in pre-service teachers.