bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gaps in the coverage of vitamin K1 prophylaxis among newborns in India: insights from secondary analysis of data from the Health Management Information System
Authors: Bora Kaustubh 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjective:Despite operational guidelines, anecdotal evidence suggests that newborn vitamin K1 prophylaxis is not practiced routinely in India. This study determined the coverage of vitamin K1 prophylaxis among newborns in the country.Design:Nationwide cross-sectional data on live births and newborns receiving vitamin K1 during the 2019–2020 reporting period were abstracted from the Health Management Information System (HMIS). The coverage estimates of newborn vitamin K1 prophylaxis were derived nationally and also for individual states and union territories (UT). Additionally, coverage heterogeneities were investigated using classifiers, viz. geography, socio-demographic index (SDI), special developmental categories and institutional birth rate (IBR).Setting:India.Participants:20 208 804 newborns documented with HMIS.Results:Vitamin K1 was administered to overall 62·36 % newborns (95 % CI: 62·34 to 62·38 %). The Central zone (49·0 %), low SDI states (54·39 %), Empowered Action Group states (53·32 %) and states with low IBR (44·69 %) had the lowest coverage amongst their respective groupings. Across the individual states and UT, the coverage ranged widely from 22·18 % (in Tripura) to 99·38 % (in Puducherry), exhibiting considerable variability (coefficient of variation: 33·74 %) and inequality (Gini coefficient: 0·17). While the coverage in eight states/UT (i.e. Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Nagaland, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Telangana and Andaman & Nicobar Islands) was below 50 %; only five states/UT (i.e. Chandigarh, Gujarat, Goa, Puducherry and Tamil Nadu) achieved above 90 % coverage.Conclusion:Vitamin K1 prophylaxis was not practiced in more than one-third newborns in India. It calls for identifying the barriers, addressing the gaps and implementing newborn vitamin K1 prophylaxis more effectively throughout the country.
Examining CO2 Model Observation Residuals Using ACT‐America Data
Authors: Gerken Tobias , Feng Sha , Keller Klaus , Lauvaux Thomas , DiGangi Joshua P. , Choi Yonghoon , Baier Bianca , Davis Kenneth J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAtmospheric inversion typically relies on the specification of prior flux and atmospheric model transport errors, which have large uncertainties. Here, we used ACT‐America airborne observations to compare model observation mismatch in the eastern U.S. and during four climatological seasons for the mesoscale WRF(‐Chem) and global scale CarbonTracker/TM5 (CT) models. Models used identical surface carbon fluxes, and CT was used as boundary condition for WRF. Both models showed reasonable agreement with observations, and residuals follow near symmetric peaked (i.e., non‐Gaussian) distribution with near‐zero bias of both models (CT: ppm; WRF: ppm). We also found large magnitude residuals at the tails of the distribution that contribute considerably to overall bias. Atmospheric boundary‐layer biases (1–10 ppm) were much larger than free tropospheric biases (0.5–1 ppm) and were of same magnitude as model‐model differences, whereas free tropospheric biases were mostly governed by background conditions. Results revealed systematic differences in atmospheric transport, most pronounced in the warm and cold sectors of synoptic systems, highlighting the importance of transport for residuals. While CT could reproduce the principal dynamics associated with synoptic systems, WRF showed a clearer distinction for differences across fronts. Variograms were used to quantify spatial correlation of residuals and showed characteristic residual length scales of approximately 100–300 km. Our findings suggest that inclusion of synoptic weather‐dependent and non‐Gaussian error structure may benefit inversion systems.
Magmatic Underplating Thickening of the Crust of the Southern Tibetan Plateau Inferred From Receiver Function Analysis
Authors: Liu Zhen , Tian Xiaobo , Liang Xiaofeng , Liang Chuntao , Li Xin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHow the crust thickens to double the normal continental crust is a key issue in the formation of the Tibetan Plateau. Using data recorded by a new 2‐D broadband seismic array, we extracted the crustal thicknesses and average VP/VS ratios in central Tibet from receiver functions. In our results, the crustal thicknesses increase southward, while the crustal average VP/VS ratios generally decrease southward. The lower VP/VS ratios in the crust seem to be produced by higher silica contents. We suggest that upper mantle magmas induced by the subduction of Indian lithospheric and Tethyan oceanic slabs underplating the overriding crust differentiate into felsic melts and mafic residues. Mafic residues delaminate into the mantle due to their high density, while felsic magmas are retained in the crust. As a result, crustal thickening in southern Tibet is accompanied by increasing silica contents.
Decomposing Effective Radiative Forcing Due to Aerosol Cloud Interactions by Global Cloud Regimes
Authors: Langton Tom , Stier Philip , Watson‐Parris Duncan , Mulcahy Jane P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractQuantifying effective radiative forcing due to aerosol‐cloud interactions (E) remains a largely uncertain process, and the magnitude remains unconstrained in general circulation models. Previous studies focus on the magnitude of arising from all cloud types, or examine it in the framework of dynamical regimes. Aerosol forcing due to aerosol‐cloud interactions in the HadGEM3‐GA7.1 global climate model is decomposed into several global observational cloud regimes. Regimes are assigned to model gridboxes and forcing due to aerosol‐cloud interactions is calculated on a regime‐by‐regime basis with a 20‐year averaging period. Patterns of regime occurrence are in good agreement with satellite observations. ERFACI is then further decomposed into three terms, representing radiative changes within a given regime, transitions between different cloud regimes, and nonlinear effects. The total global mean ERFACI is Wm−2. When decomposed, simulated ERFACI is greatest in the thick stratocumulus regime (−0.51 Wm−2).
ACE2-targeting monoclonal antibody as potent and broad-spectrum coronavirus blocker
Authors: Chen Yuning , Zhang Ya-Nan , Yan Renhong , Wang Guifeng , Zhang Yuanyuan , Zhang Zhe-Rui , Li Yaning , Ou Jianxia , Chu Wendi , Liang Zhijuan , Wang Yongmei , Chen Yi-Li , Chen Ganjun , Wang Qi , Zhou Qiang , Zhang Bo , Wang Chunhe 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe evolution of coronaviruses, such as SARS-CoV-2, makes broad-spectrum coronavirus preventional or therapeutical strategies highly sought after. Here we report a human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-targeting monoclonal antibody, 3E8, blocked the S1-subunits and pseudo-typed virus constructs from multiple coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-2 mutant variants (SARS-CoV-2-D614G, B.1.1.7, B.1.351, B.1.617.1, and P.1), SARS-CoV and HCoV-NL63, without markedly affecting the physiological activities of ACE2 or causing severe toxicity in ACE2 “knock-in” mice. 3E8 also blocked live SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro and in a prophylactic mouse model of COVID-19. Cryo-EM and “alanine walk” studies revealed the key binding residues on ACE2 interacting with the CDR3 domain of 3E8 heavy chain. Although full evaluation of safety in non-human primates is necessary before clinical development of 3E8, we provided a potentially potent and “broad-spectrum” management strategy against all coronaviruses that utilize ACE2 as entry receptors and disclosed an anti-coronavirus epitope on human ACE2.
Combined intermittent fasting and ERK inhibition enhance the anti-tumor effects of chemotherapy via the GSK3β-SIRT7 axis
Authors: Tang Xiaolong , Li Guo , Shi Lei , Su Fengting , Qian Minxian , Liu Zuojun , Meng Yuan , Sun Shimin , Li Ji , Liu Baohua 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDietary interventions such as intermittent fasting (IF) have emerged as an attractive strategy for cancer therapies; therefore, understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms is pivotal. Here, we find SIRT7 decline markedly attenuates the anti-tumor effect of IF. Mechanistically, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylating SIRT7 at T263 triggers further phosphorylation at T255/S259 by glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), which stabilizes SIRT7 by decoupling E3 ligase UBR5. SIRT7 hyperphosphorylation achieves anti-tumor activity by disrupting the SKP2-SCF E3 ligase, thus preventing SKP2-mediated K63-linked AKT polyubiquitination and subsequent activation. In contrast, GSK3β-SIRT7 axis is inhibited by EGF/ERK2 signaling, with ERK2 inactivating GSK3β, thus accelerating SIRT7 degradation. Unfavorably, glucose deprivation or chemotherapy hijacks the GSK3β-SIRT7 axis via ERK2, thus activating AKT and ensuring survival. Notably, Trametinib, an FDA-approved MEK inhibitor, enhances the efficacy of combination therapy with doxorubicin and IF. Overall, we have revealed the GSK3β-SIRT7 axis that must be fine-tuned in the face of the energetic and oncogenic stresses in malignancy.
Small molecule inhibition of ATM kinase increases CRISPR-Cas9 1-bp insertion frequency
Authors: Bermudez-Cabrera Heysol C. , Culbertson Sannie , Barkal Sammy , Holmes Benjamin , Shen Max W. , Zhang Sophia , Gifford David K. , Sherwood Richard I. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMutational outcomes following CRISPR-Cas9-nuclease cutting in mammalian cells have recently been shown to be predictable and, in certain cases, skewed toward single genotypes. However, the ability to control these outcomes remains limited, especially for 1-bp insertions, a common and therapeutically relevant class of repair outcomes. Here, through a small molecule screen, we identify the ATM kinase inhibitor KU-60019 as a compound capable of reproducibly increasing the fraction of 1-bp insertions relative to other Cas9 repair outcomes. Small molecule or genetic ATM inhibition increases 1-bp insertion outcome fraction across three human and mouse cell lines, two Cas9 species, and dozens of target sites, although concomitantly reducing the fraction of edited alleles. Notably, KU-60019 increases the relative frequency of 1-bp insertions to over 80% of edited alleles at several native human genomic loci and improves the efficiency of correction for pathogenic 1-bp deletion variants. The ability to increase 1-bp insertion frequency adds another dimension to precise template-free Cas9-nuclease genome editing.
Portable, bedside, low-field magnetic resonance imaging for evaluation of intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Mazurek Mercy H. , Cahn Bradley A. , Yuen Matthew M. , Prabhat Anjali M. , Chavva Isha R. , Shah Jill T. , Crawford Anna L. , Welch E. Brian , Rothberg Jonathan , Sacolick Laura , Poole Michael , Wira Charles , Matouk Charles C. , Ward Adrienne , Timario Nona , Leasure Audrey , Beekman Rachel , Peng Teng J. , Witsch Jens , Antonios Joseph P. , Falcone Guido J. , Gobeske Kevin T. , Petersen Nils , Schindler Joseph , Sansing Lauren , Gilmore Emily J. , Hwang David Y. , Kim Jennifer A. , Malhotra Ajay , Sze Gordon , Rosen Matthew S. , Kimberly W. Taylor , Sheth Kevin N. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRadiological examination of the brain is a critical determinant of stroke care pathways. Accessible neuroimaging is essential to detect the presence of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) operates at high magnetic field strength (1.5–3 T), which requires an access-controlled environment, rendering MRI often inaccessible. We demonstrate the use of a low-field MRI (0.064 T) for ICH evaluation. Patients were imaged using conventional neuroimaging (non-contrast computerized tomography (CT) or 1.5/3 T MRI) and portable MRI (pMRI) at Yale New Haven Hospital from July 2018 to November 2020. Two board-certified neuroradiologists evaluated a total of 144 pMRI examinations (56 ICH, 48 acute ischemic stroke, 40 healthy controls) and one ICH imaging core lab researcher reviewed the cases of disagreement. Raters correctly detected ICH in 45 of 56 cases (80.4% sensitivity, 95%CI: [0.68–0.90]). Blood-negative cases were correctly identified in 85 of 88 cases (96.6% specificity, 95%CI: [0.90–0.99]). Manually segmented hematoma volumes and ABC/2 estimated volumes on pMRI correlate with conventional imaging volumes (ICC = 0.955, p = 1.69e-30 and ICC = 0.875, p = 1.66e-8, respectively). Hematoma volumes measured on pMRI correlate with NIH stroke scale (NIHSS) and clinical outcome (mRS) at discharge for manual and ABC/2 volumes. Low-field pMRI may be useful in bringing advanced MRI technology to resource-limited settings.
Handmade solar dryer: an environmentally and economically viable alternative for small and medium producers
Authors: Souto Ribeiro Wellington , Sant’Ana Silva Adriano , Ferreira da Silva Álvaro Gustavo , Marinho do Nascimento Ana , Rocha Limão Marcelo Augusto , Bezerra da Costa Franciscleudo , de Souza Pahlevi Augusto , de Melo Queiroz Alexandre José , Soares da Silva Osvaldo , Oliveira Galdino Pluvia , Feitosa de Figueirêdo Rossana Maria , de Melo Silva Silvanda , Luiz Finger Fernando 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe solar dryer can reduce production costs, energy consumption, waste (use fruits outside the quality standard for fresh consumption) and is an alternative for small and medium producers. The solar dryer can reduce costs and is an alternative for small and medium producers worldwide. The consumption of fresh and processed tomatoes is high in the world, but post-harvest losses is also and drying is an alternative to reduce these losses. The temperature maintenance and drying time corresponds 30% of the costs. The objective was evaluated the tomato physicochemical characteristics after drying in handmade solar dryer. ‘Carmen’ tomato fruits were bleached in water, 2.5% NaCl solution, 2.5% NaCl + 0.5% CaCl2 solution and unbleached. Tomato slices were placed in a handmade solar dryer from 7:00 to 17:00. The solar dryer prototype was wood made, comprising a collector and a drying chamber. The average cost of the camera was US$ 13.08 (1 Brazilian Real = 0.26 United States Dollar). Water loss, drying kinetics, mathematical models and physicochemical characteristics of fresh and dried tomatoes were evaluated. The average length of solar drying for the four treatments was 30 h and the Midilli and Kucuk mathematical model was the most adjusted. The acidity, reducing sugars and soluble solids were concentrated by drying, while ascorbic acid was reduced. The pH did not change. Tomatoes 'Carmen' can be dried in a handmade solar dryer for 30 h while maintaining product quality.
Early prognosis of respiratory virus shedding in humans
Authors: Aminian M. , Ghosh T. , Peterson A. , Rasmussen A. L. , Stiverson S. , Sharma K. , Kirby M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper addresses the development of predictive models for distinguishing pre-symptomatic infections from uninfected individuals. Our machine learning experiments are conducted on publicly available challenge studies that collected whole-blood transcriptomics data from individuals infected with HRV, RSV, H1N1, and H3N2. We address the problem of identifying discriminatory biomarkers between controls and eventual shedders in the first 32 h post-infection. Our exploratory analysis shows that the most discriminatory biomarkers exhibit a strong dependence on time over the course of the human response to infection. We visualize the feature sets to provide evidence of the rapid evolution of the gene expression profiles. To quantify this observation, we partition the data in the first 32 h into four equal time windows of 8 h each and identify all discriminatory biomarkers using sparsity-promoting classifiers and Iterated Feature Removal. We then perform a comparative machine learning classification analysis using linear support vector machines, artificial neural networks and Centroid-Encoder. We present a range of experiments on different groupings of the diseases to demonstrate the robustness of the resulting models.
MHD mixed convection of hybrid nanofluid in a wavy porous cavity employing local thermal non-equilibrium condition
Authors: Raizah Zehba , Aly Abdelraheem M. , Alsedais Noura , Mansour Mohamed Ahmed 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe current study treats the magnetic field impacts on the mixed convection flow within an undulating cavity filled by hybrid nanofluids and porous media. The local thermal non-equilibrium condition below the implications of heat generation and thermal radiation is conducted. The corrugated vertical walls of an involved cavity have $${T}_{c}$$

T
c

and the plane walls are adiabatic. The heated part is put in the bottom wall and the left-top walls have lid velocities. The controlling dimensionless equations are numerically solved by the finite volume method through the SIMPLE technique. The varied parameters are scaled as a partial heat length (B: 0.2 to 0.8), heat generation/absorption coefficient (Q: − 2 to 2), thermal radiation parameter (Rd: 0–5), Hartmann number (Ha: 0–50), the porosity parameter (ε: 0.4–0.9), inter-phase heat transfer coefficient (H*: 0–5000), the volume fraction of a hybrid nanofluid (ϕ: 0–0.1), modified conductivity ratio (kr: 0.01–100), Darcy parameter $$\left(Da: 1{0}^{-1}\,\mathrm{ to }\,1{0}^{-5}\right)$$

D
a
:
1

0

-
1

to

1

0

-
5

, and the position of a heat source (D: 0.3–0.7). The major findings reveal that the length and position of the heater are effective in improving the nanofluid movements and heat transfer within a wavy cavity. The isotherms of a solid part are significantly altered by the variations on $$Q$$
Q
, $${R}_{d}$$

R
d

, $${H}^{*}$$

H

∗

and $${k}_{r}$$

k
r

. Increasing the heat generation/absorption coefficient and thermal radiation parameter is improving the isotherms of a solid phase. Expanding in the porous parameter $$\varepsilon$$
ε
enhances the heat transfer of the fluid/solid phases.
Balance and fragmentation in societies with homophily and social balance
Authors: Pham Tuan M. , Alexander Andrew C. , Korbel Jan , Hanel Rudolf , Thurner Stefan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRecent attempts to understand the origin of social fragmentation on the basis of spin models include terms accounting for two social phenomena: homophily—the tendency for people with similar opinions to establish positive relations—and social balance—the tendency for people to establish balanced triadic relations. Spins represent attribute vectors that encode G different opinions of individuals whose social interactions can be positive or negative. Here we present a co-evolutionary Hamiltonian model of societies where people minimise their individual social stresses. We show that societies always reach stationary, balanced, and fragmented states, if—in addition to homophily—individuals take into account a significant fraction, q, of their triadic relations. Above a critical value, $$q_c$$

q
c

, balanced and fragmented states exist for any number of opinions.
Age affects pigeons’ (Columba livia) memory capacity but not representation of serial order during a locomotor sequential-learning task
Authors: Meier Christina , Sepehri Parisa , Kelly Debbie M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAging affects individuals of every species, with sometimes detrimental effects on memory and cognition. The simultaneous-chaining task, a sequential-learning task, requires subjects to select items in a predetermined sequence, putting demands on memory and cognitive processing capacity. It is thus a useful tool to investigate age-related differences in these domains. Pigeons of three age groups (young, adult and aged) completed a locomotor adaptation of the task, learning a list of four items. Training began by presenting only the first item; additional items were added, one at a time, once previous items were reliably selected in their correct order. Although memory capacity declined noticeably with age, not all aged pigeons showed impairments compared to younger pigeons, suggesting that inter-individual variability emerged with age. During a subsequent free-recall memory test in the absence of reinforcement, when all trained items were presented alongside novel distractor items, most pigeons did not reproduce the trained sequence. During a further forced-choice test, when pigeons were given a choice between only two of the trained items, all three age groups showed evidence of an understanding of the ordinal relationship between items by choosing the earlier item, indicating that complex cognitive processing, unlike memory capacity, remained unaffected by age.
Sperm cryopreservation and in vitro fertilization techniques for the African turquoise killifish Nothobranchius furzeri
Authors: Dolfi Luca , Suen Tsz Kin , Ripa Roberto , Antebi Adam 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOver the last decade, the African turquoise killifish,Nothobranchius furzeri,has emerged as an important model system for the study of vertebrate biology and ageing. Propagation of laboratory inbred strains ofNothobranchius furzeri, such as GRZ, however, can pose challenges due to the short window of fertility, the efforts and space requirements involved in continuous strain maintenance, and the risks of further inbreeding. The current method for long term strain preservation relies on arrest of embryos in diapause. To create an alternative for long term maintenance, we developed a robust protocol to cryopreserve and revive sperm for in vitro fertilization (IVF). We tested a variety of extender and activator buffers for sperm IVF, as well as cryoprotectants to achieve practical long-term storage and fertilization conditions tailored to this species. Our protocol enabled sperm to be preserved in a cryogenic condition for months and to be revived with an average of 40% viability upon thawing. Thawed sperm were able to fertilize nearly the same number of eggs as natural fertilization, with an average of ~ 25% and peaks of ~ 55% fertilization. This technical advance will greatly facilitate the use ofN. furzerias a model organism.
Novel platinum bipolar electrode for irreversible electroporation in prostate cancer: preclinical study in the beagle prostate
Authors: Lim Bumjin , Kim Hong Bae , Jeong Seung , Kim Song Hee , Kang Jeon Min , Park Yubeen , Won Dong-Sung , Kim Ji Won , Ryu Dae Sung , Kim Yunlim , Park Jung-Hoon , Kim Choung-Soo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe exposure of the prostate to high electric field strength during irreversible electroporation (IRE) has been extensively investigated. Multiple monopolar electrodes, however, have risks of organ piercing and bleeding when placing electrodes. A novel bipolar electrode made of pure platinum and stainless steel was developed for prostate cancer ablation. Voltages of 500 and 700 V were applied to the beagle prostate with this electrode to evaluate ablated tissues and their characteristics. IRE procedures were technically successful in all dogs without procedure-related complications. The current that flowed through the anode and cathode while applying 500 and 700 V were 1.75 ± 0.25 A and 2.22 ± 0.35 A, respectively. TUNEL assays showed that the estimated ablated areas when applying 500 and 700 V were 0.78 cm2 and 1.21 cm2, respectively. The minimum electric field strength threshold required for induction of IRE was 800 V/cm. The platinum electrode was resistant to corrosion. The IRE procedure for beagle prostates using a single bipolar electrode was technically feasible and safe. The novel bipolar electrode has great potential for treating human prostate cancer with fewer IRE-related complications.