bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Holocene permafrost retreat in West Siberia amplified by reorganization of westerly wind systems
Authors: Li Ting-Yong , Baker Jonathan L. , Wang Tao , Zhang Jian , Wu Yao , Li Hong-Chun , Blyakharchuk Tatiana , Yu Tsai-Luen , Shen Chuan-Chou , Cheng Hai , Kong Xing-Gong , Xie Wen-Li , Edwards R. Lawrence 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRapid permafrost degradation and peatland expansion occurred in Eurasia during the Early Holocene and may be analogous to the region’s response to anthropogenic warming. Here we present a230Th-dated, multiproxy speleothem record with subdecadal sampling resolution from Kyok-Tash Cave, at the modern permafrost margin in the northern Altai Mountains, southwestern Siberia. Stalagmite K4, covering the period 11,400 to 8,900 years before present, indicates an absence of stable permafrost within three centuries of the Younger Dryas termination. Between 11,400 and 10,400 years ago, speleothem δ18O is antiphased between the Altai and Ural ranges, suggesting a reorganization of the westerly wind systems that led to warmer and wetter winters over West Siberia and Altai, relative to the zonally adjacent regions of Northern Eurasia. At the same time, there is evidence of peak permafrost degradation and peatland expansion in West Siberia, consistent with the interpreted climate anomaly. Based on these findings, we suggest that modern permafrost in Eurasia is sensitive to feedbacks in the ocean-cryosphere system, which are projected to alter circulation regimes over the continent.
Protected-area targets could be undermined by climate change-driven shifts in ecoregions and biomes
Authors: Dobrowski Solomon Z. , Littlefield Caitlin E. , Lyons Drew S. , Hollenberg Clark , Carroll Carlos , Parks Sean A. , Abatzoglou John T. , Hegewisch Katherine , Gage Josh 
Published: September 2021

AbstractExpanding the global protected area network is critical for addressing biodiversity declines and the climate crisis. However, how climate change will affect ecosystem representation within the protected area network remains unclear. Here we use spatial climate analogs to examine potential climate-driven shifts in terrestrial ecoregions and biomes under a +2 °C warming scenario and associated implications for achieving 30% area-based protection targets. We find that roughly half of land area will experience climate conditions that correspond with different ecoregions and nearly a quarter will experience climates from a different biome. Of the area projected to remain climatically stable, 46% is currently intact (low human modification). The area required to achieve protection targets in 87% of ecoregions exceeds the area that is intact, not protected, and projected to remain climatically stable within those ecoregions. Therefore, we propose that prioritization schemes will need to explicitly consider climate-driven changes in patterns of biodiversity.
Magma chamber decompression during explosive caldera-forming eruption of Aira caldera
Authors: Geshi Nobuo , Yamasaki Tadashi , Miyagi Isoji , Conway Chris E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDecompression of a magma chamber is a fundamental condition of caldera collapse. Although theoretical models have predicted the decompression of magma chambers before caldera collapse, few previous studies have demonstrated the amount of magma chamber decompression. Here, we determine water content in quartz glass embayments and inclusions from pyroclastic deposits of a caldera-forming eruption at Aira volcano approximately 30,000 years ago and apply this data to calculate decompression inside the magma chamber. We identify a pressure drop from 140–260 MPa to 20–90 MPa during the extraction of around 50 km3of magma prior to the caldera collapse. The magma extraction may have caused down-sag subsidence at the caldera center before the onset of catastrophic caldera collapse. We propose that this deformation resulted in the fracturing and collapse of the roof rock into the magma chamber, leading to the eruption of massive ignimbrite.
Cultivable Winogradskyella species are genomically distinct from the sympatric abundant candidate species
Authors: Alejandre-Colomo Carlota , Francis Ben , Viver Tomeu , Harder Jens , Fuchs Bernhard M , Rossello-Mora Ramon , Amann Rudolf 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Winogradskyella is a genus within the phylum Bacteroidetes with a clear marine origin. Most members of this genus have been found associated with marine animals and algae, but also with inorganic surfaces such as sand. In this study, we analyzed genomes of eleven species recently isolated from surface seawater samples from the North Sea during a single spring algae bloom. Corresponding metagenomes yielded a single Candidatus species for this genus. All species in culture, with the exception of W. ursingii, affiliated with a Winogradskyella lineage characterized by large genomes (~4.3 ± 0.4 Mb), with high complexity in their carbohydrate and protein degradation genes. Specifically, the polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) were diverse within each individual strain, indicating large substrate versatility. Although present in the North Sea, the abundances of these strains were at, or below, the detection limit of the metagenomes. In contrast, the single species, classified as Candidatus W. atlantica, to which all North Sea MAGs belonged, affiliated with a lineage in which the cultivated representatives showed small genomes of ~3.0–3.5 Mb, with the MAGs having ~2.3 Mb. In Ca. W. atlantica, genome streamlining has apparently resulted in the loss of biosynthesis pathways for several amino acids including arginine, methionine, leucine and valine, and the PUL loci were reduced to a single one for utilizing laminarin. This as-yet uncultivated species seems to capitalize on sporadically abundant substrates that are released by algae blooms, mainly laminarin. We also suggest that this streamlined genome might be responsible for the lack of growth on plates for this Candidatus species, in contrast to growth of the less abundant but coexisting members of the genus.
Comment on Ahmmed (2021): The Search for Evidence-Based Auditory Processing Disorder Diagnostic Criteria
Authors: Schow Ronald L. , Dillon Harvey , Seikel J. Anthony 
Published: September 2021

Purpose:
Ahmmed (2021) presented a study to advance the goal of an evidence-based diagnostic criteria for auditory processing disorder. We offer some cautions about the interpretation of these results, as well as suggestions for future strategies for developing evidence-based criteria for auditory processing disorder.
Repetition Versus Variability in Verb Learning: Sometimes Less Is More
Authors: Horvath Sabrina , Arunachalam Sudha 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
This study examined whether 2-year-olds are better able to acquire novel verb meanings when they appear in varying linguistic contexts, including both content nouns and pronouns, as compared to when the contexts are consistent, including only content nouns. Additionally, differences between typically developing toddlers and late talkers were explored.

Method

Forty-seven English-acquiring 2-year-olds (
n
= 14 late talkers,
n
= 33 typically developing) saw scenes of actors manipulating objects. These actions were labeled with novel verbs. In the varied condition, children heard sentences containing both content nouns and pronouns (e.g., “The girl is ziffing the truck. She is ziffing it!”). In the consistent condition, children heard the verb an equal number of times, but only with content nouns (e.g., “The girl is ziffing the truck. The girl is ziffing the truck!”). At test, children were shown two new scenes and were asked to find the novel verb's referent. Children's eye gaze was analyzed as a measure of learning.

Results
Mixed-effects regression analyses revealed that children looked more toward the correct scene in the consistent condition than the varied condition. This difference was more pronounced for late talkers than for typically developing children.

Conclusion
To acquire an initial representation of a new verb's meaning, children, particularly late talkers, benefit more from hearing the verb in consistent linguistic contexts than in varying contexts.
Modes analyses of cylindrical waveguides using the MFCM
Authors: Wang Kai , Yu Feng‐Qi , Liang Teng , Zhang Qingfeng , Zhang Qinyu , Laurin Jean‐Jacques , Wu Ke 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAn efficient modes analyses technique for isotropic or anisotropic material filled 2D metallic waveguides with an arbitrary contour using the multifilament current method (MFCM) is presented. The ideal PEC boundary of a 2D waveguide is replaced by a shell with a high conductivity and electrical small thickness. The thin lossy shell not only can well approximate the boundary condition of PEC waveguide wall therefore without altering the initial waveguide modes, but also can let the external excitation penetrate through to excite the inside modes, resulting in a high internal field intensity at the frequency of each mode. In this case, the modes are revealed by the peaks of field intensity responses, and the spurious modes which existed in traditional source‐free modes determination techniques can be completely avoided. Based on this idea, a generalized impedance boundary condition (GIBC) is formulated to represent the lossy waveguide wall and further utilized in the MFCM for simulating the internal field intensity over frequency. Three different configurations of a 2D waveguide are considered. The computed modes are compared with that obtained from commercial software, and an excellent agreement is achieved, yet an competitive advantage on simulation performances is observed by using the proposed technique.
Rehabilitation organtransplantierter Kinder und deren Familien in der
SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie: Eine qualitative Studie
Authors: Ströhl Sarah , Lauerer Michael , Etzelsberger Doris , Weichselbraun Robert , Nagel Eckhard 
Published: September 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Ziel der Studie Die sozialempirische Studie analysiert die strukturierte
Wiedereröffnung eines Rehabilitationszentrums für Kinder und
Jugendliche vor und nach Organtransplantation sowie deren Familien in der
SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie. Im Fokus stehen das Erleben, Sicherheitsempfinden und die
Präferenzen von immunsupprimierten Kindern, deren Eltern sowie der
Mitarbeitenden.
Methodik Von Juni bis August 2020 wurden semistrukturierte
Leitfadeninterviews mit 23 Erziehungsberechtigten, 4 Kindern und 7
Mitarbeitenden durchgeführt. Die Auswertung erfolgte
softwaregestützt mittels strukturierender qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse.
Zur Quantifizierung der Ergebnisse fand eine Frequenzanalyse statt.
Ergebnisse Die Befragten erleben die pandemiebedingten
Einschränkungen in differenzierter Art und Weise als belastend.
Verunsicherung, das Fehlen sozialer Kontakte sowie der Wegfall von Strukturen
prägen ihren Alltag. Die Möglichkeit, an einer
Rehabilitationsmaßnahme teilzunehmen, wird in dieser Situation
überwiegend positiv bewertet: Besonders der soziale Austausch in einem
sicheren Umfeld spielt eine wichtige Rolle im Umgang mit der Pandemie und im
Abbau der damit verbundenen Ängste. Sowohl Eltern als auch Mitarbeitende
assoziieren den Aufenthalt mit einem hohen Sicherheitsempfinden. Sie beurteilen
die Maßnahmen des Hygiene- und Sicherheitskonzepts als adäquat
und verhältnismäßig.
Schlussfolgerung Das Angebot einer familienorientierten Rehabilitation
bietet im Zusammenhang mit erkrankungs- und pandemiebedingten Sorgen eine
deutliche Entlastung. Ein konklusives Hygiene- und Sicherheitskonzept ist
zentrale Voraussetzung für die Durchführung. Die Erfahrungen in
der Rehabilitationseinheit legen dabei nahe, dass ein Rehabilitationsangebot
unter Pandemiebedingungen sicher umgesetzt werden kann.
Impact of Mechanical Complications on Success of Dental Implant Treatments: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Ferreira Patrícia W. , Nogueira Paulo J. , Nobre Miguel A. de Araújo , Guedes Carlos Moura , Salvado Francisco 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the impact of mechanical complications on outcome measures for implant dentistry.
Materials and Methods This case–control study included 282 patients with mechanical complications occurring in fixed prosthetic rehabilitation supported by immediate function implants with external connection (cases) and 282 individuals without mechanical complications (control). Pairing was performed for sex, age (range = 3 years), and follow-up months (range = 11 months). The primary outcome measure was implant survival, while the secondary outcome measures were marginal bone loss and biological complication parameters (peri-implant pathology, soft tissue inflammation, fistula formation, and abscess formation).
Statistical Analysis Cumulative implant survival was estimated by using life tables. Descriptive statistics with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and inferential statistics (Chi-square test) were performed to evaluate differences between cases and controls. The significance level was set at 5%.
Results The average follow-up duration was 8.5 years. Mechanical complications included prosthetic fracture (n = 159), abutment loosening (n = 89), prosthetic screw loosening (n = 20), milled abutment (n = 12), milled prosthetic screw (n = 1), and decemented crown (n = 1). Implant failure occurred in one patient from the control group, with survival rates of 100 and 99.6% for cases and controls, respectively (p = 0.317). The average marginal bone loss was 1.72 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.60–1.84) for cases and 1.55 (95% CI: 1.45–1.65) for controls (p = 0.068). Biological complications were observed in 90 patients, with significant differences between cases (n = 54) and controls (n = 36; p = 0.038).
Conclusion Mechanical complications did not significantly influence survival or marginal bone loss; nevertheless, there is a need for studies with longer follow-up duration. Mechanical complications also significantly influence the incidence of biological complications.
Physical Therapy for the Horizontal Semicircular Cupulolithiasis: A Prospective Interventional Case Series from an Otoneurology Center in South Rajasthan, India
Authors: Vats Ajay Kumar , Sharma Jugal Kishor , Ramchandani G. D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjective This article aims to study the effect of physical therapy in patients of horizontal semicircular cupulolithiasis with results audited in the short term.Design Nonrandomized prospective interventional study.Study Sample Four patients with horizontal semicircular cupulolithiasis.Results All four patients in whom diagnostic supine roll test (carried at least thrice to look for the sustainability as well as the polarity of the nystagmus) elicited apogeotropic horizontal positional nystagmus lasting more than 1 minute were subjected to therapeutic head-shaking maneuver (HSM). The results were audited immediately after the physical therapy, and at 1 hour. Follow-up by telephonic interviews for 4 weeks was done in all patients. Three out of four patients responded to HSM alone. One patient who did not respond to HSM was successfully treated with four other sequent physical therapies.Conclusion The response of physical therapy for horizontal semicircular cupulolithiasis occasionally indicates the side of the cupula to which otoconial debris is adherent (Cup-U or Cup-C). Occasionally, Cup-C variant of horizontal semicircular cupulolithiasis can be transformed by physical therapy to long posterior arm horizontal semicircular canalolithiasis—a disorder with better established treatment options.
Revisiting a basic question: does growing up in either female or male environment affect sex differences in academic strengths and occupational choices?
Authors: Fellman Daniel , Bränström Richard , Herlitz Agneta 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAre we affected by growing up in either female or male environment? This study examined whether girls’ and boys’ academic strengths at age 16 in verbal/language school subjects, relative to technical/numerical subjects, and cognitive demands of a chosen occupation at age 35 are influenced by having same- or opposite-sex siblings. Using representative population data from Swedish registers, we extracted (Study 1) 3-sibling families (N = 17,233), focusing on the mid-born, and (Study 2) 2-sibling families (N = 118,688), focusing on the last-born child. Both studies demonstrated that individuals’ academic strengths were unaffected by sibship composition. Study 2 showed that boys with a sister tended to choose more numerically demanding occupations as compared to boys with a brother. Taken together, growing up in a more or less female or male environment, that is, having same- or opposite-sex siblings does not impact one’s tendency to be academically more or less verbally or numerically aligned.
Nonlinear rotational spectroscopy reveals many-body interactions in water molecules
Authors: Zhang Yaqing , Shi Jiaojian , Li Xian , Coy Stephen L. , Field Robert W. , Nelson Keith A. 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Since water vapor exists everywhere around us and is crucial to life, the stable complexes that water molecules form with each other and with various environmental constituents have been studied extensively. Transient, metastable complexes are more elusive. A recently developed method, two-dimensional rotational spectroscopy, directly measures correlations between the rotational transitions in a conventional spectrum. Measurements of water vapor showed that rotations of one water molecule can change the rotational frequencies of another. Distinct spectral peaks provide direct experimental signatures of previously unseen complexes between the water molecules involved. The sensitivity of the method to intermolecular interactions has directly identified metastable cooperative behavior in one of the most extensively studied molecular species and promises new insights about many others.
Adaptable-translation, pseudotranslation, and translation from the perspective of Buddhistsutratranslations in early medieval China
Authors: Jiang Zhejie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article provides an early medieval Chinese perspective to further the discussion of adaptation, pseudotranslation, and translation. During the first to the fifth centuries CE, Chinese translation of Buddhistsutrasincluded some unconventional practices. Translators either rendered source texts that were incomplete or partially rendered the complete source texts in their possession. The works were accepted as faithful translations of genuine sources from India and helped disseminate Buddhism, though theoretically, believers would only accept literal translations ofsutras. Based on Bastin’s conceptualization of adaptation and the features of Buddhist translations, I have labeled it as “adaptable-translation” and argue that in early medieval China, there were adaptable-translations with pseudotranslation elements and adaptable-translations with the nature of pseudotranslation. Detailed analysis and case studies of five specific modes of “adaptable-translation” will show how they differ from “adaptation” of Bastin and “pseudotranslation” of Toury or Bassnett. Based on the analysis, I argue that a judgment of the nature of a text as a “translation” can be both qualitative and quantitative.
Chinese idioms as constructions
Authors: Liu Te-hsin , Su Lily I-Wen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractChinese Quadrisyllabic Idiomatic Expressions (henceforth QIEs) are highly productive in the modern language. They can be used to understand the cognitive processing of structure and meaning during reading comprehension, as in the patterning of [qian-A-wan-B] ‘1k-A-10k-B’ (e.g. one-thousand army ten-thousand horse). However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of QIEs during reading comprehension. Adopting the framework of Construction Grammar, in the present study, we aimed to study the convergence and divergence between native speakers and L2 learners in the processing of Chinese idiomatic constructions.In the present study, twenty-three native university-level Mandarin speakers and twenty-three L2 learners of intermediate and advanced levels of Mandarin, all speakers of the non Sinosphere, participated in the experiment, and were instructed to make a semantic congruency judgment during the presentation of a QIE. Our results showed that, for both native speakers and L2 learners, semantically transparent idiomatic constructions elicited much shorter RTs than semantically opaque idiomatic constructions. Our behavioral results also showed that native speakers processed low frequency QIEs faster than high frequency ones, implying semantic satiation to impede the interpretation of high frequency idioms. For L2 learners, it was semantic transparency, rather than frequency, that played a more prominent role in idiom processing.
Drivers of farmers’ behavior toward compensation scheme for cultivated land protection in chengdu pilot area, China
Authors: Niu Haipeng , Xiao Dongyang , Zhao Suxia 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Studying farmers’ behavior affected by economic incentive is necessary to promote positive behavior among farmers toward protecting the quantity, quality, and ecological environment of cultivated land. In this study, we investigated the current situation regarding economic incentive policies for cultivated land protection, which has attracted the attention of Chinese government. Then, we focused on the earliest pilot scheme (i.e., Cultivated Land Protection Fund, CLPF) implemented in the west of China since 2008 to empirically analyze farmers’ behavior. Statistical analysis and path analysis methods were applied, with data collected from 296 questionnaires. Our results showed that positive actions, including the enhancement of initiatives to protect cultivated land, the improvement of ecological environment of cultivated land, and the investment in agricultural infrastructure, have been adopted by farmers since the implementation of the CLPF. Furthermore, gender, education level, labor force size, cultivated land area, migration out of traditional farming areas, average annual household income, and farmers’ knowledge of the policy impacted significantly on farmers’ behavior. On the premise of comprehensive consideration of the diversity of farmers’ livelihoods, new communication technologies and sufficient funds, we suggested that a long-term and sustainable project should be established at the national level to effectively compensate farmers.
Multi-physics modeling of a spark plasma jet igniter
Authors: Ma Xiaochi , Zhu Yifei , Wu Yun , Chen Xiancong , Lin Bingxuan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The plasma-fluid multi-physics process of a spark plasma jet igniter is studiednumerically. The plasma discharge, gas heating, mass, and heat transfer processes in one working cycle are modeled and analyzed. Gas discharge starts inside the igniter, the ‘ladder-like’ dielectric wall structure promotes the transition of a volumetric discharge to a surface discharge, establishing a conductive path between the electrodes over a timescale of tens of nanoseconds. Once the electrodes are short-circuited, a new spark-arc discharge channel forms, heating the gas up to 7000–10 000 K in the discharge channel and 2000–4000 K in the igniter. The gas molecules are dissociated and pushed out of the igniter, forming a ‘heating core’ with high temperature (2000–3000 K) and chemical activity following a wavefront propagating with a velocity of 750–875 m s−1. The calculated evolution of the heating core agrees well with the ICCD measurements. It is found that the ‘ladder-like’ structure does not affect the penetration depth or expansion radius of the heating core, but leads to a complex vortical flow that allows for chemical activity species to be brought out into the ambient gas.