bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing the Contextual Interaction Theory in a UHC pilot district in South Africa
Authors: Michel Janet , Mohlakoana Nthabiseng , Bärnighausen Till , Tediosi Fabrizio , Evans David , McIntyre Di , Bressers Hans T.A , Tanner Marcel 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: World-wide, there is growing universal health coverage (UHC) enthusiasm. The South African government began piloting policies aimed at achieving UHC in 2012. These UHC policies have been and are being rolled out in the ten selected pilot districts. Our study explored policy implementation experiences of 71 actors involved in UHC policy implementation, in one South African pilot district using the Contextual Interaction Theory (CIT) lens.Method: Our study applied a two-actor deductive theory of implementation, Contextual Interaction Theory (CIT) to analyse 71 key informant interviews from one National Health Insurance (NHI) pilot district in South Africa. The theory uses motivation, information, power, resources and the interaction of these to explain implementation experiences and outcomes. The research question centred on the utility of CIT tenets in explaining the observed implementation experiences of actors and outcomes particularly policy- practice gaps. Results: All CIT central tenets (information, motivation, power, resources and interactions) were alluded to by actors in their policy implementation experiences, a lack or presence of these tenets were explained as either a facilitator or barrier to policy implementation. This theory was found as very useful in explaining policy implementation experiences of both policy makers and facilitators.Conclusion: A central tenet that was present in this context but not fully captured by CIT was leadership. Leadership interactions were revealed as critical for policy implementation, hence we propose the inclusion of leadership interactions to the current CIT central tenets, to become motivation, information, power, resources, leadership and interactions of all these.
Mn3+ and the pink color of gem-quality euclase from northeast Brazil
Authors: Gilles-Guéry Lætitia , Galoisy Laurence , Schnellrath Jurgen , Baptiste Benoit , Calas Georges 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Pink euclase of gem quality and centimeter size, presenting an unusual pink-orange coloration and a pink to orange pleochroism, was discovered near Livramento de Nossa Senhora, in Bahia State, Brazil. The origin of the pink coloration has been investigated using several spectroscopic techniques: UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), luminescence, and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). The coloration is mainly due to the presence of Mn3+ substituted to octahedral Al3+ that causes an intense split band at about 18 500 and 21 000 cm−1. The crystal field splitting Dq, crystal field stabilization energy (CFSE), and Racah parameter B for Mn3+ are 2055.5 cm−1, 147 kJ/mol, and 886 cm−1, respectively. The Mn3+ molar extinction coefficient varies as a function of polarization, between 23 and 55 L.mol−1·cm−1. An additional absorption band, near 24 000 cm−1, together with the rising background toward the UV, tentatively assigned to the O → Fe3+ OMCT, contributes to the pink-orange hue. The in-situ UV-Vis-NIR spectra on heating up to 500 °C show a color change toward an intense, stable pink color. CIE colorimetric parameters demonstrate that the color of the investigated euclase remains in the pink domain before and after heat treatment. In the absence of Mn2+, shown by EPR and luminescence, the presence of Mn3+ evidences oxidative formation conditions due to contamination of the hydrothermal fluids by the surrounding host rock.
An ethical decision-making framework with serious gaming: a smart water case study on flooding
Authors: Ewing Gregory , Demir Ibrahim 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSensors and control technologies are being deployed at unprecedented levels in both urban and rural water environments. Because sensor networks and control allow for higher-resolution monitoring and decision making in both time and space, greater discretization of control will allow for an unprecedented precision of impacts, both positive and negative. Likewise, humans will continue to cede direct decision-making powers to decision-support technologies, e.g. data algorithms. Systems will have ever-greater potential to effect human lives, and yet, humans will be distanced from decisions. Combined these trends challenge water resources management decision-support tools to incorporate the concepts of ethical and normative expectations. Toward this aim, we propose the Water Ethics Web Engine (WE)2, an integrated and generalized web framework to incorporate voting-based ethical and normative preferences into water resources decision support. We demonstrate this framework with a ‘proof-of-concept’ use case where decision models are learned and deployed to respond to flooding scenarios. Findings indicate that the framework can capture group ‘wisdom’ within learned models to use in decision making. The methodology and ‘proof-of-concept’ system presented here are a step toward building a framework to engage people with algorithmic decision making in cases where ethical preferences are considered. We share our framework and its cyber components openly with the research community.
Risk analysis for groundwater intake in an old mining shaft with increased chloride content, Upper Silesia, Southern Poland
Authors: Kończak Beata , Janson Ewa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWater from underground intakes is the main source of potable water for people in Poland, hence the protection of its resources is of great importance for the functioning of society and the economy. A new regulation in Polish Water Law imposes the obligation of performing risk analysis for water intakes, including the assessment of health hazards, factors negatively affecting water quality which are identified on the basis of hydrogeological and geological analyses. The main objective of the study was to determine the health risk for chlorides and to present an innovative approach to the health risk for non-toxic substances. In Upper Silesia, which is the most industrialized and urbanized area in Poland, old mining shafts are often used as deep wells in the water supply chain, and higher mineralization is the key feature of abstracted water which does not quite eliminate them as a source of drinking water supply. This paper proposes a new method of health risk determination as hazard index (HI). We present analysis of the health risks with increased concentration of chlorides in water which cause health effects for water consumers, especially for men, children aged 4–8, pregnant women and women during lactation.
Calculating groundwater mixing ratios in multi-aquifers based on statistical methods: a case study
Authors: Chen Song , Gui Herong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Samples of river water and groundwater from Quaternary (QA), sandstone (SA), Taiyuan formation (TA), and Ordovician limestone (OA) aquifers in the Suxian coal-mining district, Anhui Province, China were collected. Their physicochemical properties, and major ion and isotopic compositions were determined. The samples were alkaline, with pH values exceeding 8, and the total dissolved solids concentrations depended on the water source. The δD and δ18O contents were highest in the river water samples and lowest in the SA groundwater. The isotopic characteristics of the QA and OA groundwaters suggest recharge by rainfall and surface water. The isotopic characteristics of river water were controlled mainly by evaporation. Water–rock interactions, the flow rate, and the main water sources were the most important influences on groundwaters in QA, OA, and TA, but the properties of SA groundwater were controlled by static reserves. Two discriminant functions, explaining more than 98.2% of the total variances, indicated that QA, TA, and OA were hydraulically connected. Three groundwater sources were identified as end-members, and a conceptual model was established to calculate water mixing ratios.
Reduction of Aromatic Dimethyl Ene-Dicarboxylates to Dimethyl Succinates with Titanium Ylides
Authors: Fallahpour Reza-Ali 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Generally, it was assumed that Tebbe- and Takai-reagents are useful for methenylation
reactions.

Objective:
Applying these reagents to aromatic ene dicarboxylates, unexpectedly the reduction of double
bonds was achieved. There is, however, a different behaviour of both reagents. Takai-reagent yields
reduction while Tebbe-reagent prefers isomerisation.

Methods:
A selective and unique method has been shown to reduce a double bond of ene-dicarboxylates
while both carboxylic groups are not affected at all. In addition, this method is easy and very cheap
using Takai-reagent.

Results:
If isomerisation is to be carried out, without any reduction of a double bond, Tebbe-reagent can
be applied. To our knowledge, such reactions have not been published yet.

Conclusion:
We have shown a selective methodology to reduce aromatic ene-dicarboxylates with titanium
ylides.
Acquired Syphilis: epidemiological profile of cases in state of Pará from 2017 to 2019
Authors: Neves Bianca Sousa de Almeida , Amanajás Mariana Bastos , Pires Carla Andréa Avelar 
Published: March 2021

Objective: To quantify patients diagnosed with acquired syphilis and the prevalence of the disease in the state of Pará, Brazil, from January 2017 to June 2019, in addition to characterizing the demographic aspects of patients included in the sample. Methods: observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study, conducted by reviewing the database of the Notifiable Diseases Information System made available by the State Health Department of Pará, of reported cases of acquired syphilis, in the defined period. This study included patients of both sexes, aged 18 years or older, who had acquired syphilis and were notified. Results: 5,620 cases of acquired syphilis were reported, of which the majority were male (n = 3,229; 57.45%), mixed race (n = 4,058; 72.2%), low education (n = 2,250; 40%) and in the young adult range (18–30 years; n = 2,514; 44.74%). The highest concentration of cases was observed in the metropolitan mesoregion of Belém and the Lower Amazon. Conclusions: Acquired syphilis is still prevalent and is characterized as a public health problem. Epidemiological surveillance needs to be constant, and more efficient public policies need to be employed in primary care to reduce the number of cases and make early diagnoses with appropriate treatment.
A Digital Patient-Provider Communication Intervention (InvolveMe): Qualitative Study on the Implementation Preparation Based on Identified Facilitators and Barriers
Authors: Seljelid Berit , Varsi Cecilie , Solberg Nes Lise , Øystese Kristin Astrid , Børøsund Elin 
Published: March 2021

Background
Chronic health conditions are affecting an increasing number of individuals, who experience various symptoms that decrease their quality of life. Digital communication interventions that enable patients to report their symptoms have been shown to positively impact chronic disease management by improving access to care, patient-provider communication, clinical outcomes, and health-related quality of life. These interventions have the potential to prepare patients and health care providers (HCPs) before visits and improve patient-provider communication. Despite the recent rapid development and increasing number of digital communication interventions that have shown positive research results, barriers to realizing the benefits offered through these types of interventions still exist.

Objective
The aim of this study is to prepare for the implementation of a digital patient-provider communication intervention in the daily workflow at 2 outpatient clinics by identifying potential determinants of implementation using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to tailor the use of digital communication intervention to the intended context and identify key aspects for an implementation plan.

Methods
A combination of focus groups, workshops, and project steering committee meetings was conducted with HCPs (n=14) and patients (n=2) from 2 outpatient clinics at a university hospital. The CFIR was used to guide data collection and analysis. Transcripts, written minutes, and notes were analyzed and coded into 5 CFIR domains using thematic analysis.

Results
Data were examined and analyzed into 18 CFIR constructs relevant to the study purpose. On the basis of the identified determinants, important intervention tailoring includes adjustments to the digital features and adjustments to fit the clinical workflow and a decision to conduct a future pilot study. Furthermore, it was decided to provide the intervention to patients as early as possible in their disease trajectory, with tailored information about its use. Key aspects for the implementation plan encompassed maintaining the identified engagement and positive attitude, involving key stakeholders in the implementation process, and providing the needed support and training.

Conclusions
This study offers insight into the involvement of stakeholders in the tailoring and implementation planning of a digital communication intervention in clinical practice. Stakeholder involvement in the identification of implementation facilitators and barriers can contribute to the tailoring of digital communication interventions and how they are used and can also inform systematic and targeted implementation planning.
How Gameful Experience Affects Public Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding COVID-19 Among the Taiwanese Public: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Peng Li-Hsun , Bai Ming-Han 
Published: March 2021

Background
In 2019, with the COVID-19 pandemic sweeping across the globe, public health systems worldwide faced severe challenges. Amid the pandemic, one simulation game, Plague Inc., has received substantial attention. This game has indirectly drawn greater public attention to public health issues by simulating pathogen transmission and disease symptoms.

Objective
Against this backdrop, this research investigates whether the gameful experience of Plague Inc. has indirectly affected public knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding COVID-19.

Methods
An online survey was conducted through social networking services in Taiwan from May 6-28, 2020.

Results
A total of 486 subjects participated in this study, of which 276 (56.8%) had played Plague Inc. This study had several findings. First, participants who had played Plague Inc. demonstrated higher levels of knowledge (P=.03, median 7, IQR 7-8) and attitudes (P=.007, median 8, IQR 7-8) than participants who had not played Plague Inc. (knowledge: median 7, IQR 6-8; attitude: median 7, IQR 6-8). Second, there was a significant correlation between creative thinking (ρ=.127, P=.04) and dominance (ρ=.122, P=.04) in attitude. Finally, there was a significant correlation between creative thinking (ρ=.126, P<.001) and dominance (ρ=.119, P=.049) in practice.

Conclusions
Serious games highlighting the theme of pathogen transmission may enhance public knowledge and attitudes regarding COVID-19. Furthermore, the creative thinking and dominance involved in gameful experiences may act as critical factors in public attitudes and practices regarding COVID-19. These findings should be further verified through experimental research in the future.
Case studies of enhanced pharmacodynamic activity of poorly oral bioavailable drugs via solid lipid nanoparticles
Authors: Raju D 
Published: March 2021

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) considered as an alternative vehicle for the enhanced oral absorption of drugs, and also to enhance therapeutic effectiveness after oral administration. Pharmacodynamic activity of drug is mainly describes the pharmacological and therapeutic activity of drug to the biological system. Lipid nanoparticles especially SLNs made of physiological inert lipid molecules and helps the lymphatic transport. Numerous literatures is available on the effect of SLNs and other colloidal carrier systems on the pharmacokinetic activity of poorly bioavailable drugs, to improve their oral absorption and also respective mechanisms for the improved oral bioavailability. However, very few literatures is reported on the pharmacodynamic activity and the effect of dose on the pharmacodynamic activity. Therefore, the current review is mainly dealing with the effect of SLNs on the pharmacodynamic activity discussed. Keywords: Oral absorption, solid lipid nanoparticles, lymphatic transport, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics.
A Review on Natural Plants for Phytochemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities
Authors: Muni Raja Lakshmi K , Kiran M. , Sai Prasanna K. 
Published: March 2021

The present review aims for the study of phytoconstituents and pharmacological activities of some natural plants. The traditional medicinal plants have been found to acquire therapeutic activities significantly antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory antibacterial, anti-fungal, antioxidant properties etc. The plant-derived constituents are majorly for the aliments of used skin disease diabetes, bronchitis, asthma, arthritis, dry cough, ulcer and fever. The antimicrobial activity of the following plants like Justicia adathoda, Lantana Camara, Acacia leucophloea, Holoptelea integrifolia, Calotropis Procera, chlorophytum tuberosum, Bombax ceiba, Bacopa monnieri, Wedelia trilobata, Jatropha gossypifolia were obtained from the extraction of either leaves, stem or flowers by using ethanol, methanol, aqueous, petroleum ether, chloroform. The phytochemical constituents of the extract have been shown the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, cardiac glucosides tannins, proteins, carbohydrates, saponin, quinines, triterpenes, steroids, polyphenolic, volatile oil, phenols, starch sugar, amino acid, resin and organic acids. This study evidenced the possible use of the mentioned plants as a source of natural medicines which are used as an antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, antioxidant agents.
Keywords: Medicinal plants, Antimicrobial, Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidants.
Highlights on the alternatives to antibiotic therapy against bacterial infection
Authors: Sircar Bijayanta , Mandal Shyamapada 
Published: March 2021

The antibiotic resistance among gram-positive and gram-negative pathogenic bacteria is of global health concern. This has prompted the development of new effective drugs. But the discovery and development of new drugs is slow, and the emergence of resistance to such new drugs, on the other hand, is rapid as well as continuous among the bacteria. Therefore, in tackling the emergence of antibiotic resistant pathogenic bacteria finding alternative ways is vital. This communication, based on the published scientific data, summarizes the antibacterial capacity of some naturally derived agents such as honey, phytocomponents, probiotics, and antimicrobial peptides that might bring new essence in biomedicine. Keywords: Bacterial resistance, alternative therapeutics, honey, phytomedicine, probiotics, antimicrobial peptides.
Medicinal Plants Used to Heal Wound in Karandamalai of Dindigul District in Tamil Nadu, Southern India
Authors: Yasothkumar N 
Published: March 2021

Due to the presence of antibiotic or antiseptic nature’s chemicals, plants are remarkable for the treatment of wounds. Having this fact as research theme, the present study was carried out to document the therapeutic uses of medicinal plants used to heal wound in Karandamalai of Dindigul district in Tamil Nadu. The frequent fieldwork was conducted from October 2019 to January 2020 for this study. The scientific name, family name, local name (in Tamil), part(s) used, mode of preparation, and mode of administration of medicine were recorded. A total of 24 medicinal remedies prepared from 24 plants were recorded. Further research on the phytochemistry and pharmacology of these medicinal plants should be conducted.
Keywords: Medicinal plants, Wound healing, Karandamalai, Dindigul district, Tamil Nadu.
تعليم الحوار بالتمثيل لترقية قدرة الطلبة على التكلم باللغة العربية دراسة تجريبية بمعهد باب النجاح العصري بندا أتشيه
Authors: Zikrullah Nuzuli  , Azman Ismail  
Published: March 2021

The method of dialog (conversational Method) is one method of teaching foreign languages ​​such as Arabic, English, or other languages ​​by directly inviting students to dialogue / speak with the foreign language being taught. Playing drama is one way to make it easier for students to remember Arabic vocab. The conversational method intended here is a way of teaching by dramatizing behavior in the form of social relations. As for the problems that researchers get at the modern Babun Najah boarding school, some students at the Modern Pesantren Babun Najah are less able to understand the language when dialoguing with Arabic with their friends well and it is also difficult to pronounce the Arabic language. From these problems the researcher wants to discuss research entitled "Muhadatsah learning through the dramatization method to improve students' ability to engage in dialogue using Arabic." The research method used by researchers in writing this thesis is an quasi experiment, this method which launches the design of a study, which aims to examine the relationship of cause and effect to the cause of the phenomenon. The mujtama 'in this study were students of class 1 Aliyah Modern Islamic Boarding School Babun Najah Ulee Kareng where students numbered 151 people, and the sample was class 1 MIA 4 students, amounting to 32 people, viewed from the learning aspects and the results of research has been done on that class is increasing. The Muhadatsah learning through the method of dramatization can improve students' ability in dialogue by using Arabic language because it can be seen through the value of to and it is clear that the value of 22.03% is higher than the percentage value of 5% = 2.04 and 1% 2.75. While the motivation of students in dialogue by using drama achieves excellent value categories.
A GESTÃO PRIVADA DE UNIDADES PRISIONAIS SOB O PONTO DE VISTA DO DIREITO DOS SERVIÇOS PÚBLICOS E DO DIREITO ADMINISTRATIVO SANCIONADOR
Authors: Maia de Oliveira Caio Cezar 
Published: March 2021

Este artigo situa a atividade de gestão carcerária no Direito Administrativo contemporâneo, orientado pelos imperativos de implementação dos direitos fundamentais, de proporcionalidade, de gestão eficiente e racional, passível de controle hierárquico, judicial e social. Define o que se deva entender por gestão carcerária adequada à luz da Lei de Execução Penal.
O serviço púbico de gestão carcerária compõe-se de atos materiais de prestação de serviços e atos formais e materiais sancionadores. Inexiste vedação legal ou constitucional à terceirização da atividade material de gestão carcerária - que não inclui atos formais de polícia e nem o exercício de coação física sobre a pessoa do preso. A terceirização pode ser formalizada via contrato administrativo tradicional de fornecimento de bens e serviços ou via concessão administrativa (parceria público-privada) desde que, em qualquer caso, exija-se da contratada um elevado padrão de qualidade, nunca inferior àquele definido pelo legislador da Lei de Execução Penal.
O exercício do poder de polícia no âmbito carcerário não pode contar com a intervenção de instituições privadas mesmo nas hipóteses admitidas pela doutrina em outros contextos – tal como o da fiscalização de trânsito.