bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of the British Athletic Muscle Injury Classification and anatomic location with return to full training and reinjury following hamstring injury in elite football
Authors: Shamji Ricky , James Steven L J , Botchu Rajesh , Khurniawan Kent A , Bhogal Gurjit , Rushton Alison 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundThe relationship between hamstring muscle injuries (HMIs) that involve the intramuscular tendon and prolonged recovery time and increased reinjury rate remains unclear in elite footballers.ObjectiveTo determine the association of time to return to full training (TRFT) and reinjury of HMIs using the British Athletic Muscle Injury Classification (BAMIC) and specific anatomical injury location in elite-level football players.MethodsThe electronic medical records of all players at an English Premier League club were reviewed over eight consecutive seasons. All players who sustained an acute HMI were included. Two experienced musculoskeletal radiologists independently graded each muscle using the BAMIC, categorised each injury location area (proximal vs middle vs distal third and proximal vs distal tendon) and reported second muscle involvement. TRFT and reinjury were recorded.ResultsOut of 61 HMIs, the intramuscular tendon (BAMIC ‘c’) was involved in 13 (21.3%). HMI involving the intramuscular tendon (‘c’) had a mean rank TRFT of 36 days compared with 24 days without involvement (p=0.013). There were 10 (16.4%) reinjuries with a significant difference of 38.5% reinjury rate in the group with intramuscular tendon injury (‘c’) and 12.5% in the group without (p=0.031). TRFT and reinjury involving a second muscle was statistically significantly higher than without. Most of the HMIs to the biceps femoris with reinjury (5 out of 9) were in the distal third section related to the distal tendon site involving both the long and short head.ConclusionTRFT in HMI involving the intramuscular tendon (‘c’) of the Biceps femoris is significantly longer with significantly higher reinjury rate compared with injuries without, in elite football players. The finding that most reinjures of the biceps femoris occurring in the distal third muscle at the distal tendon site, involving both the long and short head, merits further investigation.
Drug sellers’ knowledge and practices, and client perspectives after an intervention to improve the quality of safe abortion care outside of formal clinics in Nigeria
Authors: Adojutelegan Yinka Abiola , Coughlin Amy J , Shellenberg Kristen , Oginni Ayodeji Babatunde , Okeke Bridget , Ogueji Okechi 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundIn Nigeria, where abortion is legally restricted, individuals seek medication abortion drugs, including misoprostol, directly from pharmacies or drug sellers. However, knowledge of drug sellers or patent medicine vendors (PMVs) dispensation practices and women’s experience with self-management is limited and research suggests poor quality of services. This study assesses the knowledge and practices of PMVs and women’s experiences after a harm reduction intervention to improve the provision of medication abortion using misoprostol.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective descriptive analysis of anonymised logbook data collected from 141 Nigerian PMVs who provided misoprostol for abortion to 4924 clients between February 2015 and July 2018. We conducted a descriptive analysis of self-reported misoprostol dispensation practices with data from a cross-sectional survey of PMVs (n=120) from June 2016 to December 2018. We collected data on women’s experience obtaining misoprostol from 37 PMVs through a cross-sectional survey of women (n=260) from 4–19 June 2018.ResultsFor clients where the misoprostol dose dispensed was recorded (n=3784), 86% of clients were given 800 μg or more misoprostol, pain medication (97%) and a contraceptive method (92%). Most clients with an outcome recorded in the logbook (n=4431) had a complete abortion (86%). Almost all women reported that they would return to the PMV for future services (99%).ConclusionsThe majority of PMVs dispensed misoprostol in appropriate dosages and provided clients with information on drug administration and methods of contraception. Interventions designed to improve PMVs’ best practices around the provision of abortion care may help ensure the quality of services received by clients.
Could routine pregnancy self-testing facilitate earlier recognition of unintended pregnancy? A feasibility study among South African women
Authors: Constant Deborah , Lopes Sofia , Grossman Daniel 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionWe explored whether routine pregnancy self-testing is feasible and acceptable to women at risk of late recognition of pregnancy as a strategy to facilitate early entry into either antenatal or abortion care.MethodsA feasibility study among South African sexually active women not desiring pregnancy within 1 year, and not using long-acting or injectable contraceptives. At recruitment, we provided five free urine pregnancy tests for self-testing on the first day of each of the next 3 months. We sent monthly text reminders to use the tests with requests for no-cost text replies. Our main outcome was the proportion of participants self-testing within 5 days of the text reminder over three consecutive months. Other outcomes were ease of use of tests, preference for self-testing versus clinic testing, acceptability of routine self-testing (all binary responses followed by open response options) and response to text messages (four-point Likert scale).ResultsWe followed up 71/76 (93%) participants. Two confirmed new pregnancies at the first scheduled test and completed exit interviews, and 64/69 (93%) self-reported completing all three monthly tests. Self-testing was easy to do (66/71, 93%); advantages were convenience (21/71, 30%) and privacy (18/71, 25%), while the main disadvantage was no nurse present to advise (17/71, 24%). Most would recommend monthly testing (70/71, 99%). Text reminders were generally not bothersome (57/71, 80%); 35/69 (51%) participants replied with test results over all three months.ConclusionProviding free pregnancy tests to women at risk of late recognition of pregnancy is feasible to strengthen early confirmation of pregnancy status.
Pan-cancer landscape ofCD274(PD-L1) copy number changes in 244 584 patient samples and the correlation with PD-L1 protein expression
Authors: Huang Richard S.P. , Murugesan Karthikeyan , Montesion Meagan , Pavlick Dean C. , Mata Douglas A. , Hiemenz Matthew C. , Decker Brennan , Frampton Garrett , Albacker Lee A. , Ross Jeffrey S. 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionSeveral studies have shown clinical outcomes data that support the use ofCD274 (PD-L1) copy-number (CN) gains and/or losses as a biomarker for immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICPI). Here, we present the landscape ofCD274CN changes across a large cohort of solid tumor cases and correlate these with PD-L1 protein expression by immunohistochemistry.MethodsWe analyzed all cases that underwent comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) testing at Foundation Medicine between August 2014 and June 2020.CD274CN changes were correlated with PD-L1 expression in tumor types where there were Food and Drug Administration approved companion diagnostic (CDx) claims and the CDx assay was used to assess PD-L1 expression.ResultsIn all, 244 584 samples representing 290 solid tumor types were included in the study. Overall, 17.6% (42 983/244 584) hadCD274CN gains (>specimen ploidy), 44.6% (108 970/244 584) wereCD274CN neutral, and 37.9% (92 631/244 584) hadCD274CN loss. Using different CN cut offs to defineCD274positivity resulted in different prevalence estimates: ploidy +1, 17.4% (42 636/244 584); ploidy +2, 6.2% (15 183/244 584); ploidy +3, 2.2% (5375/244 584); ploidy +4, 1.1% (2712/244 584); and ploidy +8, 0.2% (434/244 584). The prevalence of CN changes and CN positivity varied based on tumor type.CD274CN gains were significantly associated with PD-L1 positivity in NSCLC, urothelial carcinoma, breast carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, esophagus squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and head and neck SCC (ORs 3.3, 3.0, 2.0, 4.5. 3.8, 8.4, 1.4, respectively; p<0.05) and with microsatellite instability status in only clinically relevant tumor types (gastric adenocarcinoma, colorectal adenocarcinoma, uterine endometrial adenocarcinoma, esophageal adenocarcinoma and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (OR: 5.2, 1.9, 3.2, 3.7 and 6.5, respectively; p<0.05)). Conversely,CD274CN changes were not significantly correlated with tumor mutational burden in almost all the tumor types.ConclusionCD274CN changes and PD-L1 expression were highly correlated in multiple tumor types. These prevalence data onCD274CN changes across a large cohort of different solid tumors can be used to design future clinical studies to assess whetherCD274CN changes could be a potential biomarker for ICPI.
Quick Systemic Lupus Activity Questionnaire (Q-SLAQ): a simplified version of SLAQ for patient-reported disease activity
Authors: Svenungsson Elisabet , Gunnarsson Iva , Illescas-Bäckelin Vera , Trysberg Estelle , Jönsen Andreas , Leonard Dag , Sjöwall Christopher , Pettersson Susanne 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesMost indices of disease activity in SLE combine physicians’ assessments and laboratory tests. However, there is also a need to capture patients’ perspectives of disease activity. Consequently, we need new, preferably quick and easy instruments to collect this information, which can be very useful for online consultations and registry purposes. We compared patients’ assessments of SLE disease impact/activity, as reported by a shorter version of the Quick Systemic Lupus Activity Questionnaire (Q-SLAQ), with physicians’ assessments using SLE Activity Measure (SLAM) and SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI-2K) and with the original Systemic Lupus Activity Questionnaire (SLAQ).MethodsPatients with SLE (n=115), with a disease duration of 15 years (IQR 17), completed the Q-SLAQ prior to physicians’ assessments by SLAM and SLEDAI-2K. A second set of patients (n=85) with similar characteristics filled out Q-SLAQ and SLAQ. Spearman’s ρ correlations were explored between patients’ total Q-SLAQ and subscales (Symptom Score, Patient’s Global Disease Activity) and physicians’ SLAM and SLEDAI-2K, with and without laboratory items (SLAM-nolab and SLEDAI-2K-nolab) and SLAQ. Corresponding items in Q-SLAQ and SLAM were compared.ResultsCorrelations between patients’ and physicians’ assessments were higher for SLAM-nolab (total Q-SLAQ, ρ=0.71; Symptom Score, ρ=0.67; and Patient’s Global Disease Activity, ρ=0.68) than for the original SLAM (total Q-SLAQ, ρ=0.53; Symptom Score, ρ=0.50; and Patient’s Global Disease Activity, ρ=0.53). Regarding specific symptoms, fatigue (ρ=0.72) and alopecia (ρ=0.71) correlated best, while pulmonary/respiratory symptoms correlated least (ρ=0.19, p=0.039). Physicians assessment with SLEDAI-2K-nolab correlated weakly with patients’ assessments (total Q-SLAQ, ρ=0.30; Symptom Score, ρ=0.30; and Patient’s Global Disease Activity, ρ=0.36). Bivariate correlations between Q-SLAQ and SLAQ were good (ρ=0.82–0.96).ConclusionsQ-SLAQ and the original SLAQ performed equally well, demonstrating that the shorter Q-SLAQ can safely be used to monitor patients’ perception of disease impact/activity. We also noted an intriguing discrepancy between physicians’ and patients’ evaluations of pulmonary/respiratory symptoms, which requires further investigations.
Cross-sectional assessment of haemostatic profile and hepatic dysfunction in Fontan patients
Authors: Daems Joelle Julius Nicolaas , Attard Chantal , Van Den Helm Suelyn , Breur Johannes , D'Udekem Yves , du Plessis Karin , Wilson Thomas G , Winlaw David , Gentles Thomas L , Monagle Paul , Ignjatovic Vera 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundFontan-associated liver disease is accompanied by a hypercoagulable state. While hepatic dysfunction in Fontan patients is common, its relationship with haemostatic changes and clinical outcomes in this patient population remains unclear.ObjectiveTo correlate liver dysfunction and haemostatic profiles with clinical outcomes in the Fontan population.Patients/methodsPatients were enrolled in a multicentre, cross-sectional study in Australia and New Zealand. Hepatic structure and function were assessed using serum-based calculations (Fibrotest and model for end-stage liver disease excluding international normalised ratio scores). Haemostatic profiles were assessed by Thrombin Generation. Platelet function was assessed via Platelet Factor 4 (PF4) and P-selectin (P-SEL). Clinical outcomes were obtained from the Australian and New Zealand Fontan Registry.ResultsSeventy-three patients participated in the study (mean age 18.9±8.5 years with a mean of 13.5±6.9 years post-Fontan). The Endogenous Thrombin Potential (ETP) for patients who suffered thrombotic events (TE) (1366.4±66.2 nM/min) was higher compared with patients with major bleeding events (1011.1±138.4 nM/min) (p=0.03). Except for a negative correlation between Fibrotest-score and PF4 (p=0.045), PF4 and P-SEL concentrations did not correlate with markers of hepatic dysfunction or structural abnormality.ConclusionsIncreased ETP is associated with TE during clinical follow-up after Fontan. This study reinforces that hepatic dysfunction may contribute to the derangement of coagulation factors, impacting the individual risk of haemostatic complications for the Fontan population.
Testing leptoquark/EFT in $${\bar{B}} \rightarrow {D^{(*)}}l{\bar{\nu }}$$ at the LHC
Authors: Iguro Syuhei , Takeuchi Michihisa , Watanabe Ryoutaro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe investigate the current LHC bounds on New Physics (NP) that contributes to $${\bar{B}} \rightarrow {D^{(*)}}l{\bar{\nu }}$$

B

¯

→

D

(

∗
)

l

ν

¯

for $$l = (e,\mu ,\tau )$$

l
=
(
e
,
μ
,
τ
)

by considering both leptoquark (LQ) models and an effective-field-theory (EFT) Hamiltonian. Experimental analyses from $$l+\text {missing}$$

l
+
missing

searches with high $$p_T$$

p
T

are applied to evaluate the NP constraints with respect to the Wilson coefficients. A novel point of this work is to show difference between LQs and EFT for the applicable LHC bound. In particular, we find that the EFT description is not valid to search for LQs with the mass less than $$\lesssim 10\,\text {TeV}$$

≲
10

TeV

at the LHC and leads to overestimated bounds. We also discuss future prospects of high luminosity LHC searches including the charge asymmetry of background and signal events. Finally, a combined summary for the flavor and LHC bounds is given, and then we see that in several NP scenarios the LHC constraints are comparable with the flavor ones.
ʿĪsā b. Hišām’s Shiism and Religious Polemic in the Maqāmāt of Badīʿ al-Zamān al-Hamaḏānī (d. 398/1008)
Authors: Stewart Devin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study reads the Maqāmāt of Badīʿ al-Zamān al-Hamaḏānī (d. 398/1008) against the background of the sectarian milieu of the fourth/tenth century. It begins with a thorough review of the preceding scholarship on al-Hamaḏānī’s sectarian allegiances, and it confirms the contention that Hamaḏānī was a Sunni by conviction. It then proposes that the names and attributes of the narrator of al-Hamaḏānī’s Maqāmāt, ʿ Īsā b. Hišām, reflect an attempt by al-Hamaḏānī to satirize Shii values and practices. It then considers references to Shiism in six of al-Hamaḏānī’s maqāmāt: the Ḥulwāniyya, Māristāniyya, Iṣfahāniyya, Maḍiriyya, Aḏarbayjāniyya, and Kūfiyya, along with several other references to Shiism in the collection. The study further proposes a possible connection between the portrayal of ʿĪsā b. Hišām and the famed Twelver scholar Ibn Bābawayh al-Qummī (d. 381/991).
Digressions in the Islamic Archive
Authors: Keegan Matthew L. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This essay critiques the view that al-Ḥarīrī’s Maqāmāt faced a hostile reception among piety-minded Muslims by offering a preliminary examination of al-Panǧdīhī’s unstudied sixth-/twelfth-century commentary on al-Ḥarīrī’s Maqāmāt. Al-Panǧdīhī’s commentary was the first digressive commentary on a prose adab text, and its digressions consist mainly of Qurʾānic quotations, ḥadīṯ of the Prophet Muḥammad, and stories about other prominent Muslims—what I term the Islamic archive. Al-Panǧdīhī argues in his elaborate preface that al-Ḥarīrī’s collection trains the reader to understand this archive better. Because al-Panǧdīhī’s commentary has never been printed and because scholars have tended to focus on the origins of the maqāma rather than its reception, this key text and its interpretive implications have been overlooked.
Potential low bias in high-wind drag coefficient inferred from dropsonde data in hurricanes
Authors: Richter David H. , Wainwright Charlotte , Stern Daniel P. , Bryan George H. , Chavas Daniel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUnderstanding momentum exchange at the air-sea interface is important for accurate hurricane predictions and understanding fundamental storm dynamics. One method for estimating air-sea momentum transfer in high winds is the flux-profile method, which infers surface momentum fluxes and the corresponding drag coefficient from mean velocity profiles obtained from either dropsondes or meteorological towers, under the assumption that the boundary-layer wind profile at low altitudes exhibits a logarithmic profile with height. In this study, we use dropsonde data from reconnaissance aircraft, as well as “virtual sondes” from a turbulence-resolving simulation of an intense tropical cyclone, to critically analyze the diagnosis of drag coefficient CD at hurricane-force wind speeds. In particular, the “roll-off” of the drag coefficient, where CD decreases at 10-m wind speeds ¿ 35 m s−1, is called into question based on uncertainty due to relatively low sample size and a lack of robustness of the flux-profile at high winds. In addition, multiple factors appear to favor an underestimate of CD at hurricane-force winds relative to their true values, including uncertainty in the height of recorded dropsonde data, violation of Monin-Obukhov similarity theory near the eyewall, and the short vertical extent of the logarithmic layer. Due to these and other related sources of uncertainty, it is likely that a quantitative limit has been reached in inferring the specific values of u* and CD using the flux-profile method, while at the same time the potential for underestimation may cast doubt on the CD–U10 relationship inferred from this method at high winds.
An Environmental Study on Tornado Pathlength, Longevity, and Width
Authors: Garner Jonathan M. , Iwasko William C. , Jewel Tyler D. , Thompson Richard L. , Smith Bryan T. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA dataset maintained by the Storm Prediction Center (SPC) of 6300 tornado events from 2009 to 2015, consisting of radar-identified convective modes and near-storm environmental information obtained from Rapid Update Cycle and Rapid Refresh model analysis grids, has been augmented with additional radar information related to the low-level mesocyclones associated with tornado longevity, pathlength, and width. All EF2–EF5 tornadoes [as measured on the enhanced Fujita (EF) scale], in addition to randomly selected EF0–EF1 tornadoes, were extracted from the SPC dataset, which yielded 1268 events for inclusion in the current study. Analysis of those data revealed similar values of the effective-layer significant tornado parameter for the longest-lived (60+ min) tornadic circulations, longest-tracked (≥68 km) tornadoes, and widest tornadoes (≥1.2 km). However, the widest tornadoes occurring west of −94° longitude were associated with larger mean-layer convective available potential energy, storm-top divergence, and low-level rotational velocity. Furthermore, wide tornadoes occurred when low-level winds were out of the southeast, resulting in large low-level hodograph curvature and near-surface horizontal vorticity that was more purely streamwise when compared with long-lived and long-tracked events. On the other hand, tornado pathlength and longevity were maximized with eastward-migrating synoptic-scale cyclones associated with strong southwesterly wind profiles through much of the troposphere, fast storm motions, large values of bulk wind difference and storm-relative helicity, and lower buoyancy.
The Economic Imperative: Cities Need Migrants
Authors: Agarwalla Astha , D’Souza Errol 
Published: May 2021

The policy responses to Covid-19 have triggered large-scale reverse migration from cities to rural areas in developing countries, exposing the vulnerability of migrants living precarious lives in cities, giving rise to debates asserting to migration as undesirable and favouring policy options to discourage the process. However, the very basis of spatial concentration and formation of cities is presence of agglomeration economies, benefits accruing to economic agents operating in cities. Presence of these agglomeration benefits in local labour markets manifests themselves in the form of an upward sloping wage curve in urban areas. We estimate the upward sloping wage curve for various size classes of cities in Indian economy and establish the presence of positive returns to occupation and industry concentration at urban locations. Controlling for worker-specific characteristics influencing wages, we establish that higher the share of an industry or an occupation in local employment as compared to national economy, the desirability of firms to pay higher wages increases. For casual labourers, occupational concentration results in higher wages. However, impact of industry concentration varies across sectors. Results supporting presence of upward sloping urban wage curve, therefore, endorse policies to correct the market failure in cities and promote migration as a desirable process. JEL Classification Codes: J2, R2
Knowledge, stigma, and beliefs toward mental illnesses among schoolteachers in Damascus
Authors: Latifeh Youssef , Jaredh MHD Wael , Nasri Lulia , Shriedy Duaa , Al-Mahdi Ayat , Murtada MHD Wasim 
Published: May 2021

Background: Teachers have an important role in promoting the mental wellbeing of their students, hence their knowledge and attitudes toward mental health disorders should be assessed. A very few studies regarding this topic were conducted in Syria, but due to the recent events which have had occurred the country, it is essential to deal with students who suffer from mental illnesses professionally especially that such disorders may be stigmatized by the society. Aims: This paper aims to investigate knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes toward mental disorders in a sample of Syrian schoolteachers. Method: A cross-sectional study using self-administered questionnaire was conducted in Damascus and Refdimashq, involving 400 teachers from 16 schools. Results: The results showed that the prevalence of stigmatizing positions toward psychiatric illnesses was low among teachers. The contributors did not state a correlation between spiritual beliefs and psychological disorders. It was also found that teachers were neutral in their knowledge about mental illnesses and psychiatric treatment or interventions along with their mental health resources. However, 42.5% of the participants use the internet for such purposes. Conclusion: In general, teachers of Damascus and its Refdimashq had a reasonable degree of awareness about mental disorders and treatments. Furthermore, neither stigma nor the relation between religious thoughts and mental disorders had been ascertained.