bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global prevalence of sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Petermann‐Rocha Fanny , Balntzi Viktoria , Gray Stuart R. , Lara Jose , Ho Frederick K. , Pell Jill P. , Celis‐Morales Carlos 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundSarcopenia is defined as the loss of muscle mass and strength. Despite the seriousness of this disease, a single diagnostic criterion has not yet been established. Few studies have reported the prevalence of sarcopenia globally, and there is a high level of heterogeneity between studies, stemmed from the diagnostic criteria of sarcopenia and the target population. The aims of this systematic review and meta‐analysis were (i) to identify and summarize the diagnostic criteria used to define sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia and (ii) to estimate the global and region‐specific prevalence of sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia by sociodemographic factors.MethodsEmbase, MEDLINE, and Web of Science Core Collections were searched using relevant MeSH terms. The inclusion criteria were cross‐sectional or cohort studies in individuals aged ≥18 years, published in English, and with muscle mass measured using dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry, bioelectrical impedance, or computed tomography (CT) scan. For the meta‐analysis, studies were stratified by diagnostic criteria (classifications), cut‐off points, and instruments to assess muscle mass. If at least three studies reported the same classification, cut‐off points, and instrument to measure muscle mass, they were considered suitable for meta‐analysis. Following this approach, 6 classifications and 23 subgroups were created. Overall pooled estimates with inverse‐variance weights obtained from a random‐effects model were estimated using the metaprop command in Stata.ResultsOut of 19 320 studies, 263 were eligible for the narrative synthesis and 151 for meta‐analysis (total n = 692 056, mean age: 68.5 years). Using different classifications and cut‐off points, the prevalence of sarcopenia varied between 10% and 27% in the studies included for meta‐analysis. The highest and lowest prevalence were observed in Oceania and Europe using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) and EWGSOP2, respectively. The prevalence ranged from 8% to 36% in individuals <60 years and from 10% to 27% in ≥60 years. Men had a higher prevalence of sarcopenia using the EWGSOP2 (11% vs. 2%) while it was higher in women using the International Working Group on Sarcopenia (17% vs. 12%). Finally, the prevalence of severe sarcopenia ranged from 2% to 9%.ConclusionsThe prevalence of sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia varied considerably according to the classification and cut‐off point used. Considering the lack of a single diagnostic for sarcopenia, future studies should adhere to current guidelines, which would facilitate the comparison of results between studies and populations across the globe.
Tentacle muscles in brachiopods: Ultrastructure and relation to peculiarities of life style
Authors: Kuzmina Tatyana , Temereva Elena 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlthough the morphology of the brachiopod tentacle organ, the lophophore, is diverse, the organization of tentacles has traditionally been thought to be similar among brachiopods. We report here, however, that the structure of the tentacle muscles differs among brachiopod species representing three subphyla:Lingula anatina(Linguliformea: Linguloidea),Pelagodiscus atlanticus(Linguliformea: Discinoidea),Novocrania anomala(Craniiformea), andCoptothyris grayi(Rhynchonelliformea). Although the tentacle muscles in all four species are formed by myoepithelial cells with thick myofilaments of different diameters, three types of tentacle organization were detected. The tentacles of the first type occur inP. atlanticus, C. grayi, and in all rhynchonelliforms studied before. These tentacles have a well‐developed frontal muscle and a small abfrontal muscle, which may reflect the ancestral organization of tentacles of all brachiopods. This type of tentacle has presumably been modified in other brachiopods due to changes in life style. Tentacles of the second type occur in the burrowing speciesL. anatinaand are characterized by the presence of equally developed smooth frontal and abfrontal muscles. Tentacles of the third type occur inN. anomalaand are characterized by the presence of only well‐developed frontal muscles; the abfrontal muscles are reduced due to the specific position of tentacles during filtration and to the presence of numerous peritoneal neurites on the abfrontal side of the tentacles. Tentacles of the first type are also present in phoronids and bryozoans, and may be ancestral for all lophophorates.
Lipid exchanges between dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide monolayer and vesicles in the subphase
Authors: Feitosa Eloi , Adati Renata D. , Constantino Carlos J. L. , Aoki Pedro H. B. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractStudies on the interaction of lipid monolayer with bilayer structures, such as vesicles, are relatively scarce in the literature. In order to ascertain whether these structures interact for cationic dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODAB) monolayers at the aqueous surfaces of 0, 0.05, and 0.5 mmol L−1 DODAB vesicle dispersions, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and surface film balance experiments were carried out. DSC results confirmed the presence of unilamellar vesicles in the subphase, while changes in the monolayer surface pressure–area per molecule (π–A) isotherm profile yielded by the presence of DODAB vesicle in the subphase revealed monolayer‐vesicle interactions as a result of monomer exchanges between the monolayer and the vesicles with stronger effects at the higher vesicle concentration investigated.
Symbiotic stony and soft corals: Is their host‐algae relationship really mutualistic at lower mesophotic reefs?
Authors: Ferrier‐Pagès Christine , Bednarz Vanessa , Grover Renaud , Benayahu Yehuda , Maguer Jean‐François , Rottier Cecile , Wiedenmann Joerg , Fine Maoz 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMesophotic coral ecosystems (30–150 m depth) present a high oceanic biodiversity, but remain one of the most understudied reef habitats, especially below 60 m depth. Here, we have assessed the rates of photosynthesis and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and nitrogen (DIN) assimilation by Symbiodiniaceae associated with four soft coral species of the genus Sinularia and two stony coral species of the genus Leptoseris collected respectively at 65 and 80–90 m depth in the Gulf of Eilat. Our study demonstrates that both Leptoseris and Sinularia species have limited autotrophic capacities at mid‐lower mesophotic depths. DIC and DIN assimilation rates were overall ~ 10 times lower compared to shallow corals from 10 m depth in the same reef. While Leptoseris symbionts transferred at least 50% of the acquired nitrogen to their host after 8‐h incubation, most of the nitrogen was retained in the symbionts of Sinularia. In addition, the host tissue of Sinularia species presented a very high structural carbon to nitrogen ratio (C : N) compared to Leptoseris or to the shallow coral species, suggesting nitrogen limitation in these mesophotic soft corals. The limited capacity of soft coral symbionts to acquire DIN and transfer it to the coral animal, as well as the high C : N ratios, might explain the scarcity of symbiotic soft corals at mid‐lower mesophotic depths compared to their prevalence in the shallower reef. Overall, this study highlights the significance of DIN for the distribution of the Cnidarian‐ Symbiodiniaceae association at mesophotic depth.
Spectro‐Microscopic Characterization of Elastomers Subjected to Laser‐Induced Shock Waves
Authors: Huynh Nha Uyen , Gamez Carlos , Youssef George 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe core of this research is separated into three domains, the ultrahigh strain rate response of elastomeric polymers, laser‐induced shock waves , and terahertz time‐domain spectroscopy (THz‐TDS). Elastomers, e.g., polyurea, constitute an advance class of materials suitable for many applications, specifically in high impact loading scenarios, thus, a laser‐induced shock wave (LSW) experimental technique is used to investigate the mechanical response of shock‐loaded polyurea. LSW can submit samples to a strain rate exceeding 106 s−1 at low strains, enabling determination of material intrinsic failure modes. The large deformation induced during shock loading may alter the macromolecule structure, which can only be detected spectroscopically. Therefore, this research incorporated terahertz bulk spectroscopy to detect and report molecular conformational changes. Microscopy techniques were also used to elucidate changes in the microscale properties, morphology, and topography. The interpretation of the results explicated brittle failure in terms of partial and total spallation and, remarkably, ductile failure leading to plastic deformation, including plastic bulging and adiabatic shearing, not previously associated with LSW technique. Furthermore, spectral changes found in the terahertz regime substantiated the validity of terahertz spectroscopy in elucidating the underlying mechanism associated with the impact mitigating properties of dynamically loaded polyurea.
Quantification of cerebral blood volume changes caused by visual stimulation at 3 T using DANTE‐prepared dual‐echo EPI
Authors: Li Linqing , Law Christine , Marrett Sean , Chai Yuhui , Huber Laurentius , Jezzard Peter , Bandettini Peter 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeWe investigate the influence of moving blood‐attenuation effects when using “delay alternating with nutation for tailored excitation” (DANTE) pulses in conjunction with blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) of functional MRI (fMRI) at 3 T. Based on the effects of including DANTE pulses, we propose quantification of cerebral blood volume (CBV) changes following functional stimulation.MethodsEighteen volunteers in total underwent fMRI scans at 3 T. Seven volunteers were scanned to investigate the effects of DANTE pulses on the fMRI signal. CBV changes in response to visual stimulation were quantified in 11 volunteers using a DANTE‐prepared dual‐echo EPI sequence.ResultsThe inflow effects from flowing blood in arteries and draining vein effects from flowing blood in large veins can be suppressed by use of a DANTE preparation module. Using DANTE‐prepared dual‐echo EPI, we quantitatively measured intravascular‐weighted microvascular CBV changes of 25.4%, 29.8%, and 32.6% evoked by 1, 5, and 10 Hz visual stimulation, respectively. The extravascular fraction (∆S/S)extra at TE = 30 ms in total BOLD signal was determined to be 64.8 ± 3.4%, which is in line with previous extravascular component estimation at 3 T. Results show that the microvascular CBV changes are linearly dependent on total BOLD changes at TE = 30 ms with a slope of 0.113, and this relation is independent of stimulation frequency and subject.ConclusionThe DANTE preparation pulses can be incorporated into a standard EPI fMRI sequence for the purpose of minimizing inflow effects and reducing draining veins effects in large vessels. Additionally, the DANTE‐prepared dual‐echo EPI sequence is a promising fast imaging tool for quantification of intravascular‐weighted CBV change in the microvascular space at 3 T.
Actuator fault detection for the discrete‐time switched systems based on delta operator approach
Authors: Du Dongsheng , Wu Yu , Yang Yue , Mao Zehui 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this article, the problem of actuator fault detection for the discrete‐time switched system is considered based on the delta operator approach. The procedure can be carried out effectively in the presence of the unknown input, the outside disturbance, and the actuator fault by using the observer‐based method and the mode‐dependent average dwell‐time (MDADT) technique. In order to detect the actuator fault, an unknown input observer (UIO) is employed as the residual generator. Then, sufficient conditions are obtained to guarantee that the error system is asymptotically stable with an performance by means of the MDADT method and model‐dependent Lyapunov function technique. Furthermore, a specific design algorithm of the UIO is proposed. Finally, a circuit system is borrowed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the obtained techniques.
Social support and well‐being of adolescents in worst‐stricken areas 10 years after Wenchuan Earthquake: A mediating role of resilience
Authors: Fu Haojie , Wang Bin , Xin Yong , Duh Shinchieh , Deng Yunke 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this current study is to find the characteristics and influence mechanism of the perceived social support (PSS) and general well‐being (GWB) of adolescents and to explore the mediating role of resilience on the relationship between PSS and GWB in the worst‐stricken areas 10 years after the Wenchuan Earthquake. This study was conducted in two secondary schools in Beichuan (N = 1969) using the Perceived Social Support Scale, the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale, and the General Well‐Being Scale. Results showed that PSS of adolescents in the worst‐stricken area significantly decreased compared to 10 years ago and their current PSS was lower than their peers' in developed cities. Significant correlations were observed between PSS, resilience, and GWB. PSS significantly predicted resilience and GWB, and resilience significantly predicted GWB with resilience having a partially mediating effect ratio of 16.39% between PSS and GWB. These results indicated that PSS not only directly affected GWB but also had a mediated effect on GWB through resilience. The present results suggest that interventions to strengthen resilience and social networks could be effective ways to enhance adolescents' general well‐being.
Global stabilization of stochastic feedforward low‐order nonlinear systems with time delays and unknown control directions
Authors: Shao Yu , Park Ju H. , Xu Shengyuan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this article, the global stabilization issue is discussed for a class of stochastic continuous time‐delay nonlinear systems suffered from unknown control directions and disturbance. Instead of designing the adaptive law online, a control gain is invoked to adapt for the formidable scene of merely continuous but nonsmooth caused by the low‐order, and to deal with the negative effects of disturbance and multiple unknown nonlinear functions where both input and state time delays are taken into account. Then, by utilizing the homogenous domination approach, a delay‐independent controller is designed with a sign function to compensate for the negative impact generated from disturbance and maintain the global asymptotic stability of the closed‐loop system. Finally, a stochastic simulation is supplied to show the validity of the control scheme.
Dynamic output‐feedback control for discrete time‐delayed systems with actuator saturations under round‐robin communication protocol
Authors: Chen Yonggang , Wang Zidong , Alsaadi Fuad E. , Liu Hongjian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this article, the dynamic output‐feedbackcontrol problem is investigated for discrete‐time state‐delay systems subject to exogenous disturbances and actuator saturations under the round‐robin communication protocol. Using the switched system approach, the Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional and the modified sector condition, sufficient conditions are first obtained under which the closed‐loop systems can achieve some desirable performance indices such as the boundedness, theperformance and the stability in the absence of disturbances. Then, the controller is explicitly characterized by means of the solvability of linear matrix inequalities. For the case without time delays, the corresponding conditions are also presented. Subsequently, the optimization problems about the performance indices are discussed. Finally, the benefit and effectiveness of the proposed results are specifically illustrated via two simulation examples.
Electrically Conducting Elastomeric Fibers with High Stretchability and Stability
Authors: Zokaei Sepideh , Craighero Mariavittoria , Cea Claudia , Kneissl Lucas M. , Kroon Renee , Khodagholy Dion , Lund Anja , Müller Christian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractStretchable conducting materials are appealing for the design of unobtrusive wearable electronic devices. Conjugated polymers with oligoethylene glycol side chains are excellent candidate materials owing to their low elastic modulus and good compatibility with polar stretchable polymers. Here, electrically conducting elastomeric blend fibers with high stretchability, wet spun from a blend of a doped polar polythiophene with tetraethylene glycol side chains and a polyurethane are reported. The wet‐spinning process is versatile, reproducible, scalable, and produces continuous filaments with a diameter ranging from 30 to 70 µm. The fibers are stretchable up to 480% even after chemical doping with iron(III) p‐toluenesulfonate hexahydrate and exhibit an electrical conductivity of up to 7.4 S cm−1, which represents a record combination of properties for conjugated polymer‐based fibers. The fibers remain conductive during elongation until fiber fracture and display excellent long‐term stability at ambient conditions. Cyclic stretching up to 50% strain for at least 400 strain cycles reveals that the doped fibers exhibit high cyclic stability and retain their electrical conductivity. Finally, a directional strain sensing device, which makes use of the linear increase in resistance of the fibers up to 120% strain is demonstrated.
Highly Flexible Freestanding BaTiO3‐CoFe2O4 Heteroepitaxial Nanostructure Self‐Assembled with Room‐Temperature Multiferroicity
Authors: Zhong Gaokuo , An Feng , Qu Ke , Dong Yongqi , Yang Zhenzhong , Dai Liyufen , Xie Shuhong , Huang Rong , Luo Zhenlin , Li Jiangyu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMultiferroics with simultaneous electric and magnetic orderings are highly desirable for sensing, actuation, data storage, and bio‐inspired systems, yet developing flexible materials with robust multiferroic properties at room temperature is a long‐term challenge. Utilizing water‐soluble Sr3Al2O6 as a sacrificial layer, the authors have successfully self‐assembled a freestanding BaTiO3‐CoFe2O4 heteroepitaxial nanostructure via pulse laser deposition, and confirmed its epitaxial growth in both out‐of‐plane and in‐plane directions, with highly ordered CoFe2O4 nanopillars embedded in a single crystalline BaTiO3 matrix free of substrate constraint. The freestanding nanostructure enjoys super flexibility and mechanical integrity, not only capable of spontaneously curving into a roll, but can also be bent with a radius as small as 4.23 µm. Moreover, piezoelectricity and ferromagnetism are demonstrated at both microscopic and macroscopic scales, confirming its robust multiferroicity at room temperature. This work establishes an effective route for flexible multiferroic materials, which have the potential for various practical applications.
Oxide Nanoclusters on Ti3C2 MXenes to Deactivate Defects for Enhanced Lithium Ion Storage Performance
Authors: Hui Xiaobin , Zhao Danyang , Wang Peng , Di Haoxiang , Ge Xiaoli , Zhang Peng , Yin Longwei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe commercialization of MXenes as anodes for lithium‐ion batteries is largely impeded by low initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) and unfavorable cycling stability, which are closely associated with defects such as Ti vacancies (VTi) in Ti3C2 MXenes. Herein, an effective strategy is developed to deactivate VTi defects by in situ growing Al2O3 nanoclusters on MXenes to alleviate the irreversible electrolyte decomposition and Li dendrites formation trend induced by defects, improving ICE and cycling stability. Furthermore, it is revealed that excessively lithiophilic VTi defects would impede Li ions diffusion due to their strong adsorption, leading to a locally nonuniform Li flux to these “hot spots,” setting scene for the formation of Li dendrites. The Al2O3 nanoclusters anchored on VTi sites can not only improve Li diffusion kinetics but also promote the homogeneous solid electrolyte interphase formation with small charge transfer resistance, achieving uniform Li deposition in a smaller overpotential without formation of Li dendrites. As expected, Ti3C2@Al2O3‐11 electrode delivers a high ICE of 76.6% and an outstanding specific capacity of 285.5 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles, which is much higher than that of pristine Ti3C2 sample. This work sheds light on modulating defects for high‐performance energy storage materials.
Pharmacological Chaperones for β‐Galactosidase Related to GM1‐Gangliosidosis and Morquio B: Recent Advances
Authors: Stütz Arnold E. , Thonhofer Martin , Weber Patrick , Wolfsgruber Andreas , Wrodnigg Tanja M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA short survey on selected β‐galactosidase inhibitors as potential pharmacological chaperones for GM1‐gangliosidosis and Morquio B associated mutants of human lysosomal β‐galactosidase is provided highlighting recent developments in this particular area of lysosomal storage disorders and orphan diseases.
Relation‐Level User Behavior Modeling for Click‐Through Rate Prediction
Authors: Deng Hangyu , Tian Yanling , Luo Jia , Hu Jinglu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMany recent user behavior based click‐through rate models adopt a similar item‐level paradigm: learn the user representation from a list of item representations via a sequence model and/or a pooling mechanism. However, sequence models are usually sensitive to the exact order of the behavior sequence, while item‐level pooling mechanisms simply neglect the chronological information. In this paper, we balance the two approaches by decomposing the long item sequence into a group of extremely short sequences (item pairs) and conducting relational reasoning on them. More specifically, the relational reasoning mechanism consists of two parts, which are designed for capturing various transitional patterns in the behavior sequences. An attentive pooling layer is employed to emphasize those relation‐level signals that are highly related to the target item. Therefore, our approach is essentially a middle ground between the previous two approaches. To verify the effectiveness of our method, we conduct extensive experiments on three public datasets. Experimental results show that our methods achieve better performance than others. Besides, we explore the properties of our model and verify the effectiveness of each component by controlled experiments. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.