bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fuzzy modeling of surface roughness during wet turning of AISI D3 tool steel
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Karsh P K 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this study, an attempt has been made to develop a Mamdani fuzzy inference system-based predictive model for predicting surface roughness during wet turning of AISI D3 tool steel. The influence of machining parameters on surface roughness is also investigated. The experimental runs were performed on a lathe using Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array to know the effect of cutting parameters on machining surface roughness. The performance of the fuzzy model was also compared with the regression model. The fuzzy model’s prediction efficiency (92.10%) was found better than the regression model (70.33%). Therefore, the resultant model so developed is found adequate for surface roughness prediction purposes within the parametric range.
Comparative study of mineral and soya bean oil at faulty temperature for transformer application
Authors: Roy Rishabh , Prasad Srikant 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Mineral oil is one of the most important insulating materials used for electro insulating & cooling of transformers. For monitoring & diagnosing the incipient fault in power transformers, dissolved gas analysis (DGA) technique is used. DGA have some drawbacks such as it requires regular instrument calibration, standard carrier gas and so on. To overcome these drawbacks, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) & UV- Visible spectroscopy are used to determine dissolved gas present & ageing of oil. Once the gases are quantified from the FTIR result they can be interpreted using various diagnostic methods mentioned in IEEE Std.C57.104-2008. Also, absorption spectroscopy is considered for condition assessment tool to inspect the oil. By adopting Ultraviolet absorption technique, transformer health assessment is developed: UV-Visible spectroscopy is used. As in search of solution to the harmful & ecological problems, due to non-biodegradability & toxicity by mineral oil, the soya bean seed oil was carried out for the production of transformer insulating oil. In this proposed work, we carried out results from both FTIR & UV-Vis spectroscopy for both mineral oil & soya bean oil & compared both oil by preparing samples heated at 150 °C for 24hrs & 48hrs.
Polarization electric field effect on cross-plane thermal conductivity of GaN/InxGa1-xN/GaN superlattice (x ≤ 0.3)
Authors: Pansari Anju , Sahoo Bijay Kumar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
GaN/InxGa1-xN/GaN superlattice (SL) has electric field at interfaces termed as interfacial polarization electric (IPE) field. In this work, effect of this electric field on cross-plane thermal conductivity (kcp) of the SL is investigated for Indium content x ≤ 0.3. IPE field revises phonon velocity which enhances interfacial scattering and thermal boundary resistance (TBR). This is due to unequal changes in specific heat and phonon velocity which leads to decrease in phonon transmission and more mismatches of acoustic properties of material. This reduces kcp. Room temperature kcp in presence (absence) of IPE field for GaN (10nm)/InxGa1-xN (5nm) SL are 4.652 (5.720) and 4.282 (5.221) Wm−1K−1 respectively, for x=0.1 and 0.3. This work demonstrates that electric field of nitride SL can be utilized to reduce k for optimum thermoelectric power production.
Moving organ toxicity management in radiation therapy with simple fuzzy logic
Authors: Patnaikuni Santosh Kumar , Saini Sapan Mohan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The aim of present work is to estimate and manage real time toxicity of moving organ bladder in deciding level of damage using a simple fuzzy logic method. The target and bladder inter-treatment motions are considered in radiation therapy of prostate cancer in the present study. Materials and methods: The prostate target and nearby critical structures like bladder varies due to physiological behaviour during the course of radiation therapy treatment. The total displacement errors of prostate target shift ranging from 0-5 mm s.d. was considered in this study while maintain tumor dose conformity. The Mamdani-type Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) was applied for determine biological acceptable margin using TCP and NTCP parameters. The bladder volume variations with weekly analysis of cone beam CT (CBCT) were considered. Using irradiated volume-risk relationship in planning, the overlapped risk volumes were estimated. Fuzzy rules and membership function were used basis on setup errors, asymmetrical nature of organ motion and limitations of normal tissue toxicity in margin formulations. Results and discussion: The prostate target motion management was in a good consistent with conventional margin formulations at 5 mm s.d. displacement error range to maintain conformity index (CI) of target. With application of conventional margins of target volume, the sub-volumes of critical organs such as bladder and corresponding its NTCP values were fuzzified using inter treatment volume variations of critical organs. The risk factor (RF) of critical organs were qualitatively assessed with for each fractional volume of irradiated to total volume and relevant NTCP values. Conclusion: A simple fuzzy logic may be suitable to estimate critical moving organs toxicity like bladder biologically. Using proposed simple and fast method, there is interplay between volume-risk relationship and NTCP of OARs to management of normal-tissue risk level of radiation therapy.
A new type of low density cement slurry suitable for sandstone formation
Authors: Zeng Jia , You Fuchang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Unconsolidated sandstone reservoir is an important unconventional oil and gas resource with the characteristics of porosity, low permeability, strong heterogeneity and many interlayer. The main challenge of unconsolidated sandstone formation is sand production of oil wells, and the more serious situation is high-pressure oil and gas escaping, blowout accidents, environmental pollution and the safety of operators. In order to solve the sensitivity problem of loose sandstone, a low density admixture was developed: 10.5% artificial floating bead + 4.5% power plant floating bead + 35% micro silicon + 30% fly ash + 20% slag. The particle size distribution of single lightweight material is narrow, and the effect of reducing density is not significant. The developed low-density mixing material has wide and uniform particle size distribution, and can reduce the density of cement slurry to the maximum within the minimum dosage. The new low density admixture cement slurry with adjustable density in the range of 1.4 ∼ 1.7 g / cm3 has good rheological property, short thickening time, water loss less than 50 ml, 24 h compressive strength more than 12 MPa, which can meet the needs of site construction. The temperature and pressure test results show that the system has a wide range of temperature and pressure applications and stable performance. Compared with the similar low density cement slurry, it is about 40% lower than the market price and suitable for commercial application.
Analysis on the hot deformation flow stress curves of novel 6082 aluminium alloys with Mn addition
Authors: Li Yong , Qian Xiaoming , Zhang Yu , Wang Zhaodong , Li Jiadong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Two types of 6082 alloy, base alloy free of Mn and novel 0.75Mn alloy with an addition of 0.75% Mn, were prepared. A heat treatment of 450 °C for 6 h was performed, during which large numbers of α-Al (Fe, Mn) Si dispersoids precipitated in 0.75Mn alloy. Uniaxial compression tests were carried out and a series of flow stress curves were obtained at temperature range of 400-550 °C and at strain rate range of 0.001s-1-1s-1. The results revealed an impressive difference between the flow stress curves of base and 0.75Mn alloy that after the yield plateau, the flow stresses of base alloy remained fairly steady at certain levels while the flow stress in 0.75Mn alloy decreased along with strain until the end of deformation. The reason for the decrease of flow stress in 0.75Mn alloy was neither the dissolution of dispersoids nor the dynamic recrystallization. The decrease of flow stress was attributed to the loss of Mn solid solution strengthening effect based on the Mn diffusion rate-controlling mechanism and “pipe diffusion”.
Chemistry at graphene edges in the electron microscope
Authors: Leuthner Gregor T , Susi Toma , Mangler Clemens , Meyer Jannik C , Kotakoski Jani 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning TEM (STEM) are indispensable tools for materials characterization. However, during a typical (S)TEM experiment, the sample is subject to a number of effects that can change its atomic structure. Of these, perhaps the least discussed are chemical modifications due to the non-ideal vacuum around the sample. With single-layer graphene, we show that even at relatively low pressures typical for many instruments, these processes can have a significant impact on the sample structure. For example, pore growth becomes up to two orders of magnitude faster at a pressure of ca. 10−6 mbar as compared to ultra-high vacuum (UHV; 10−10 mbar). Even more remarkably, the presence of oxygen at the sample also changes the observed atomic structure: When imaged in UHV, nearly 90% of the identifiable graphene edge configurations have the armchair structure, whereas armchair and zigzag structures are nearly equally likely to occur when the oxygen partial pressure in the column is higher. Our results both bring attention to the role of the often neglected vacuum composition of the microscope column, and show that control over it can allow atomic-scale tailoring of the specimen structure.
Pathways Through Which Health Literacy Is Linked to Parental Oral Health Behavior in an American Indian Tribe
Authors: Brega Angela G , Johnson Rachel L , Schmiege Sarah J , Wilson Anne R , Jiang Luohua , Albino Judith 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Health literacy (HL) is the “ability to find, understand, evaluate and put information to use to improve decision making and, ultimately, improve health and quality of life.” Parents with limited HL are less likely to follow recommended parental oral health behaviors.

Purpose
We tested a theoretical framework designed to clarify mechanisms through which HL may influence parental oral health behavior. The framework proposed that HL: (a) has a direct effect on parental oral health knowledge, beliefs (i.e. self-efficacy; perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers), and behavior; (b) influences beliefs indirectly through knowledge; and (c) influences behavior indirectly through knowledge and beliefs.

Methods
We analyzed cross-sectional data from a randomized controlled trial designed to reduce dental decay in American Indian children (N = 521). Parents completed survey questions assessing sociodemographic characteristics, HL, and parental oral health knowledge, beliefs, and behavior. Path analysis was used to test the framework.

Results
HL exerted significant direct effects on knowledge and beliefs but not behavior. HL had significant indirect effects on all beliefs through knowledge. Significant indirect effects of HL on behavior occurred through self-efficacy (estimate: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.42, 1.83, p = .005), perceived barriers (estimate: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.29, 1.43, p = .010), knowledge to self-efficacy (estimate: 0.57, 95% CI: .31, 0.98, p = .001), and knowledge to perceived barriers (estimate: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.47, p = .012).

Conclusions
HL exerted an indirect effect on parental oral health behavior, with knowledge, self-efficacy, and perceived barriers being the primary constructs linking HL to behavior.
Adherence to Social Distancing Guidelines Throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Roles of Pseudoscientific Beliefs, Trust, Political Party Affiliation, and Risk Perceptions
Authors: Gratz Kim L , Richmond Julia R , Woods Sherry E , Dixon-Gordon Katherine L , Scamaldo Kayla M , Rose Jason P , Tull Matthew T 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Adherence to COVID-19 social distancing guidelines varies across individuals.

Purpose
This study examined the relations of pseudoscientific and just world beliefs, generalized and institutional trust, and political party affiliation to adherence to COVID-19 social distancing guidelines over three months, as well as the explanatory role of COVID-19 risk perceptions in these relations.

Methods
A U.S. nationwide sample of 430 adults (49.8% women; mean age = 40.72) completed a prospective online study, including an initial assessment (between March 27 and April 5, 2020), a 1 month follow-up (between April 27 and May 21, 2020), and a 3 month follow-up (between June 26 and July 15, 2020). We hypothesized that greater pseudoscientific and just world beliefs, lower governmental, institutional, and dispositional trust, and Republican Party affiliation would be associated with lower initial adherence to social distancing and greater reductions in social distancing over time and that COVID-19 risk perceptions would account for significant variance in these relations.

Results
Results revealed unique associations of lower governmental trust, greater COVID-19 pseudoscientific beliefs, and greater trust in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to lower initial adherence to social distancing. Whereas greater COVID-19 risk perceptions and CDC trust were associated with less steep declines in social distancing over time, both Republican (vs. Democratic) Party affiliation and greater COVID-19 pseudoscientific beliefs were associated with steeper declines in social distancing over time (relations accounted for by lower COVID-19 risk perceptions).

Conclusions
Results highlight the utility of public health interventions aimed at improving scientific literacy and emphasizing bipartisan support for social distancing guidelines.
Discussion of ‘Event history and topological data analysis’
Authors: Bubenik Peter 
Published: April 2021

SummaryGarside et al. (2021) use event history methods to analyse topological data. We provide additional background on persistent homology to contrast the hazard estimators used in Garside et al. (2021) with standard approaches in topological data analysis. In particular, Garside et al.’s approach is a local method, which has advantages and disadvantages, whereas homology is global. We also provide more details on persistence landscapes and show how a more complete use of this statistic improves its performance.
P3 A closed loop audit on pre-operative anaemia in major elective orthopaedic surgery
Authors: Koh Chan Hee , Gruner-Hegge Nicolai , Ignatov Dancho , Shakir Aneesul 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Introduction
The international consensus statement on perioperative management of anaemia advises that patients with haemoglobin (Hb) &lt;130 be treated before undergoing elective operations. The advantages include reduced risk of acute kidney injuries, infections and transfusions, and quicker recovery.

Methods
Data was collected prospectively from 127 consecutive patients undergoing elective arthroplasties at Hinchingbrooke hospital. Baseline compliance with the consensus statement was first assessed in May 2018, and the results presented at a clinical governance meeting. Departmental action plans included early identification of anaemia and treatment to Hb 130, delaying operations where necessary. We then reassessed compliance in May 2019.

Results
There was a statistically significant change in practice (p = 0.036). The proportion of patients undergoing arthroplasties despite Hb &lt; 130 reduced from 38% to 21%. Those operated with Hb &lt; 120 decreased from 14% to 0%. The proportion of preoperative anaemias that were appropriately investigated during preoperative assessment increased from 11% to 80% (p &lt; 0.001). The increase in attempted treatment of preoperative anaemia prior to surgery however was not significant (7% vs 20%; p = 0.279).

Discussion
Implementation of departmental action plans resulted in substantial improvements to clinical practice. For those that underwent arthroplasties despite mild preoperative anaemia, it may have been felt that delays in improvement to quality of life for treatment may be unacceptable, or the causes (e.g. chronic disease) difficult to treat. Further action plans should involve even earlier identification of anaemia, involving primary care at the point of referral.
P6 A proforma to improve the acute management of traumatic anterior shoulder dislocations to meet published national standards for treatment
Authors: Donovan Richard L , Abdelmalek Amir , Crowther Mark A A , Packham Iain 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
BESS/BOA Patient Care Pathways provide national guidelines for the acute management of traumatic anterior shoulder dislocations with respect to emergency reduction and follow-up assessment. COVID-19 posed increased challenges in terms of analgesia choice and altered follow-up arrangements. This study aimed to assess adherence to the care pathway and improve patient care.

Methodology
We retrospectively analysed all acute traumatic anterior shoulder dislocations at the MTC in Bristol. We collected data during 01/04/2019-31/05/2019 and 01/04/2020-31/05/2020 to analyse the quality of their management. Data parameters collated included examinations and imaging performance, choice of analgesia, follow-up rates, and physiotherapy referrals.

Results
We identified 32 patients in 2019, and 24 in 2020. Full neurovascular examinations pre- and post-reduction were poorly documented. Peri-reduction imaging utilization was near 100%. Referral to follow-up was 88% in 2019 but 38% in 2020. Of those assessed in clinic during COVID-19, fewer were mobilised early or referred to outpatient physiotherapy.

Conclusions
We have created a proforma/prompt to improve the quality of the management of these injuries, and successfully liaised with the Emergency Department for this to be included in their documentation. This proforma improves documentation quality, access to follow up and physiotherapy. During a ‘second wave’ we encourage patient access to BESS online resources.
P7 A review of the understanding and use of the Regional Liver Trauma Guidelines
Authors: Thakkar Rohan , Ammar Khaled , Meredith Ellen , Jones Michael ,   Northern Surgical Trainees Research Association
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Introduction
The liver is the most commonly injured intra-abdominal organ and occurs in 30% of patients undergoing laparotomy for penetrating injuries and in 15–20% of laparotomies for blunt injuries. CT scan is the investigation of choice for accurate diagnosis and categorization of hepatic injury. Management of isolated liver trauma can be by operative or non-operative management, guided mainly by haemodynamic stability of the patient irrespective to category of injury. Close observation of patients undergoing non-operative management is important; they may develop early complications that require operative intervention, including bleeding, bile leak and peritonitis.

Methods
A questionnaire will be sent to the General Surgery consultants and registrars within the North East of England, a region with eleven hospitals taking General Surgical admissions, two of which are regional trauma centres. This is to assess the understanding of liver trauma classification and management and their familiarity with and adherence to the regional liver trauma guidelines. Following this, the guidelines will be distributed throughout the region with accompanying teaching sessions. A follow up questionnaire will determine the improvement of regional knowledge and use of the guidelines. In parallel, the outcome of liver trauma patients within the region will be sought to look for correlation between the education and the patient’s outcome.

Results
Regional distribution of the results will demonstrate the change in the education of liver trauma management and the subsequent change in patient’s outcome. Results will be recorded using Excel and analysed using SPSS statistical software.
P31 Cauda equina syndrome – the importance of an early, accurate diagnosis and treatment in preventing bladder dysfunction
Authors: Porter Victoria Amy 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Cauda Equina Syndrome (CES), is a neurological emergency with many urological features. Delayed decompressive surgery can cause urinary retention, overflow incontinence, long term catherization and loss of sexual function. This article focusses on the accuracy of the initial diagnosis and the time taken before treatment is commenced.

Methods
In this systematic literature review, OneSearch and PubMed have been searched for articles which identify the main symptoms of CES, evaluate the effectiveness of several diagnostic methods and compare the postoperative results of bladder function following timely and delayed treatment.

Results
A total of 20 articles have been referenced, of which 9 studies have been reviewed. While no individual symptom is 100% indicative of CES, urinary retention (diagnostic accuracy 0.9), is the most consistent clinical finding. Therefore, MRI is necessary for an accurate diagnosis. Further 4 out of 5 studies state that treatment within 24-hours improves patient outcomes compared to 48-hours, one study showed no significant difference between 24 and 48 hours. All articles indicate beyond 48-hours, surgical intervention has little impact on the relief of symptoms.

Conclusion
The studies concluded that any patient presenting in the emergency department with lower back pain should be screened for CES. A thorough history and neurological examination should be performed; however, the evidence base for rectal examination to assess anal tone is poor. Decompressive surgery carried out within the first 24-hour period from the onset of symptoms is favourable. Overall, early accurate diagnosis and treatment is invaluable to preventing urological complications and improving prognosis.
P37 COVID-19 and non-emergency cancer operating: Implementing a successful testing system
Authors: Tomlinson Ashley , Kelliher Leigh , Jones Chris 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Early evidence has demonstrated poor peri-operative outcomes for patients undergoing cancer surgery with COVID-19 (C-19) . As a tertiary cancer centre, offering major oesophageal and hepatobiliary surgery we were concerned on how the C-19 pandemic would affect our patients. Elective operating was split between our trust and a local private provider as a “clean” site; and an official trust C-19 screening programme started on 24th April.

Methods
Retrospectively the electronic theatre record was searched for patients undergoing a non-emergency cancer operation between March & May 2020. The data was cross-referenced with investigations and mortality to ascertain swab results (pre-operatively and 30 days postoperatively) and mortality.

Results
During the 3 months at the height of the pandemic 596 non-emergency cancer operations took place, (compared with 986 in the same time-frame from 2019). In March 6 of 281, April 98 of 141 and May 166 of 175 patients undergoing an operation had a pre-operative swab, with only 6 screening swabs positive (5 in April, 1 in May).
In total 4 patients died, only 1 had a positive C-19 test (patient had not been screened pre-operatively).

Conclusion
Non-emergency cancer surgery was impacted but Screening was successfully implemented in April and by May 95% of patients underwent testing. Six patients were tested positive post-operatively with only one deceased which appears to show a lower mortality rate than currently quoted within the literature. This adds further evidence that with comprehensive screening, cancer surgery can safely take place during a pandemic.