bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polydioxanone thread insertion in combination with radio frequency treatment does not exhibit synergistic efficacy: Animal study with pigs
Authors: Li Kai , Zhang Xiao , Guo Wei , Wang Li , Wang Gang , Gao Lin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundPolydioxanone (PDO) thread insertion and monopolar radio frequency (RF) treatment are two common antiaging modalities. The efficacy and safety profile of PDO in combination with RF treatment is unknown.AimsTo investigate pathological changes in skin in response to PDO + RF treatment in an animal model.MethodsPDO threads were implanted into the skin of young white domestic pigs. RF treatment was performed on the PDO insertion sites 2 weeks after the PDO procedure. Skin biopsies were taken at 6 and 12 weeks after PDO for histological examination.ResultsBoth PDO and PDO + RF treatments induced the fibrous granular formation surrounding the PDO threads. There were more exaggerated inflammatory responses such as development of nodular panniculitis and adipocyte necrosis in the skin at 6 weeks after PDO + RF as compared with PDO alone, which was largely resolved at 12 weeks. All treatments led to thickened and replicated interlobular septa, many of which were connected to the collagenous network in dermis. In all treatment groups, the cross‐sectional areas of the dermal collagenous bundles were significantly increased at both endpoint times as compared with the baseline level. PDO + RF treatment did not lead to increases in neocollagenesis as compared with PDO or RF treatment alone.ConclusionsOur data showed that RF and PDO induced comparable levels of collagen remodeling in the skin. PDO + RF treatment did not exhibit evident synergistic effects of derma collagen remodeling but rather amplified the inflammatory responses in the skin. Therefore, combined treatment is not recommended.
Diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders in children and adolescents: An international Delphi study‐Part 2‐Development of Axis II
Authors: Rongo Roberto , Ekberg EwaCarin , Nilsson Ing‐Marie , Al‐Khotani Amal , Alstergren Per , Rodrigues Conti Paulo Cesar , Durham Justin , Goulet Jean‐Paul , Hirsch Christian , Kalaykova Stanimira I. , Kapos Flavia P. , King Christopher D. , Komiyama Osamu , Koutris Michail , List Thomas , Lobbezoo Frank , Ohrbach Richard , Palermo Tonya M. , Peck Christopher C. , Penlington Chris , Restrepo Claudia , Rodrigues Maria Joao , Sharma Sonia , Svensson Peter , Visscher Corine M. , Wahlund Kerstin , Michelotti Ambrosina 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundUnlike the psychosocial assessment established for adults in the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD), a standardised psychosocial assessment for children and adolescents with TMD complaints has not yet been established.ObjectivesTo develop a new standardised instrument set to assess the psychosocial functioning in children and adolescents by adapting the psychosocial status and pain‐related disability (Axis II) of the adult DC/TMD and by including new instruments.MethodsA modified Delphi method was used to survey 23 international TMD experts and four international experts in pain‐related psychological factors for consensus regarding assessment tools for psychosocial functioning and pain‐related disability in children and adolescents. The TMD experts reviewed 29 Axis II statements at round 1, 13 at round 2 and 2 at round 3. Agreement was set at 80% for first‐round consensus level and 70% for each of the second and third rounds. The psychological experts completed a complementary Delphi survey to reach a consensus on tools to use to assess more complex psychological domains in children and adolescents. For the psychological experts, the first round included 10 open‐ended questions on preferred screening tools for depression, anxiety, catastrophising, sleep problems and stress in children (ages 6–9 years old) and adolescents (ages 10–19 years old) as well as on other domains suggested for investigation. In the second round, the psychological experts received a 9‐item questionnaire to prioritise the suggested instruments from most to least recommended.ResultsThe TMD experts, after three Delphi rounds, reached consensus on the changes of DC/TMD to create a form to evaluate Axis II in children and adolescents with TMD complaints. The psychological experts added tools to assess depression and anxiety, sleep disorders, catastrophising, stress and resilience.ConclusionThrough international expert consensus, this study adapted Axis II of the adult DC/TMD to assess psychosocial functioning and pain‐related disability in children and adolescents. The adapted Axis II protocols will be validated in the target populations.
Efficacy of empiric antibiotic treatment of late-onset neonatal sepsis caused by Enterobacteriaceae: A systematic review
Authors: Akselsen A.B. , Sheth C.C. , Veses V. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Neonatal sepsis is a serious condition, where an adequate empiric antibiotic treatment is crucial. The objective of this systematic review is to assess whether the World Health Organization’s recommended treatment regime remains applicable for late-onset neonatal sepsis caused by Enterobacteriaceae, in the time of increased antimicrobial resistance. PubMed was searched for articles from 2009 to 2020. A total of 49 articles were eligible for inclusion. The review was carried out in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. For Klebsiella spp. 100, 68 and 63% of the studies found sensitivity to ampicillin, gentamicin and third-generation cephalosporin in &lt;50% of the isolates. For Escherichia coli, the corresponding values were 88, 50 and 42% respectively, whilst for Enterobacter spp. 100, 70 and 94% of the studies found &lt;50% sensitivity to these antibiotics. Overall, there is low sensitivity to all agents in the WHO’s recommended empiric treatment regimes (WHO recommends ampicillin plus gentamicin as first-line treatment and third-generation cephalosporin as second-line treatment). A revised guideline for empiric antibiotic treatment of neonatal sepsis is urgently needed due to the increased threat of antimicrobial resistant Enterobacteriaceae causing neonatal sepsis.
Immunological tolerance in the evolution of male pregnancy
Authors: Parker Jamie , Dubin Arseny , Schneider Ralf , Wagner Kim Sara , Jentoft Sissel , Böhne Astrid , Bayer Till , Roth Olivia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe unique male pregnancy in pipefishes and seahorses ranges from basic attachment (pouch‐less species: Nerophinae) of maternal eggs to specialized internal gestation in pouched species (e.g. Syngnathus and Hippocampus) with many transitions in between. Due to this diversity, male pregnancy offers a unique platform for assessing physiological and molecular adaptations in pregnancy evolution. These insights will contribute to answering long‐standing questions of why and how pregnancy evolved convergently in so many vertebrate systems. To understand the molecular congruencies and disparities in male pregnancy evolution, we compared transcriptome‐wide differentially expressed genes in four syngnathid species, at four pregnancy stages (nonpregnant, early, late and parturition). Across all species and pregnancy forms, metabolic processes and immune dynamics defined pregnancy stages, especially pouched species shared expression features akin to female pregnancy. The observed downregulation of adaptive immune genes in early‐stage pregnancy and its reversed upregulation during late/parturition in pouched species, most notably in Hippocampus, combined with directionless expression in the pouch‐less species, suggests immune modulation to be restricted to pouched species that evolved placenta‐like systems. We propose that increased foeto‐paternal intimacy in pouched syngnathids commands immune suppression processes in early gestation, and that the elevated immune response during parturition coincides with pouch opening and reduced progeny reliance. Immune response regulation in pouched species supports the recently described functional MHC II pathway loss as critical in male pregnancy evolution. The independent co‐option of similar genes and pathways both in male and female pregnancy highlights immune modulation as crucial for the evolutionary establishment of pregnancy.
African perspectives on just war
Authors: Cordeiro‐Rodrigues Luís 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMost Anglophone just war theory has been written from the point of view of Western philosophy. Nevertheless, other philosophical traditions outside the West have also produced sophisticated and innovative ideas about the morality of war, although they have been largely neglected. In this article, I overview for the first time the literature regarding jus ad bellum in contemporary African thought and contend that there are four kinds of arguments regarding the justification to initiate a war. Namely, these are arguments that justify resourcing war on consequentialist grounds; therapy rationales; rebutting wrong justifications; and arguments based on consensus and negotiation.
Product diversion by vertically differentiated firms
Authors: Smith Evelyn O. , Shulman Jeffrey D. 
Published: December 2021

Retail sellers authorized to sell a branded product may divert some units to an unauthorized dealer thus enabling the dealer to become a direct competitor. Because these sellers vary in quality, it is often unclear what type of seller is more motivated to participate in diversion. We develop an analytical model to demonstrate how vertically differentiated sellers make diversion decisions responding to an unauthorized dealer under unique circumstances not considered by previous research. The model demonstrates that when diversion occurs, the low‐quality seller can actually earn a greater profit than the high‐quality seller. Furthermore, a higher quality differential can lead to an overall profit loss for the high‐quality seller when both sellers divert. The sellers will divert products to the competing dealer if and only if they are sufficiently similar to each other. The low‐quality seller has an incentive to divert more units in general, and is motivated to divert alone when the quality differential is not too high. Additionally, changes in vertical differentiation have nonmonotonic effects on the sellers. Overall, the results establish seller vertical differentiation as a new key variable in analyzing product diversion and demonstrate its unique consequences for the authorized sellers and the unauthorized dealer.
Changes in blood bone markers after the first and second bouts of whole‐body eccentric exercises
Authors: Huang Tsang‐Hai , Nosaka Kazunori , Chen Trevor C. 
Published: December 2021

The present study compared the first (EC1) and second (EC2) bouts of whole‐body eccentric exercises to examine the effects of the magnitude of muscle damage on changes in blood bone markers. Fifteen sedentary young men performed nine eccentric exercises of arm, leg, and trunk muscles, and repeated them 2 weeks later. Blood samples were taken before and 2 h and 1–5 days following each bout to analyze plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity and myoglobin concentration, serum tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), type 1 C‐terminal telopeptide (CTX‐1), procollagen type I N‐terminal propeptide (P1NP), bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), undercarboxylated‐osteocalcin (ucOCN), carboxylated‐osteocalcin (cOCN), and leptin concentrations. All except ucOCN changed significantly (p < 0.05) after both bouts. When comparing bouts for peak changes, P1NP (bone formation marker) and CTX‐1 (bone resorption marker) increased less after EC2 (peak: 137±96% and 7±6%, respectively) than after EC1 (146 ± 80% and 30 ± 21%, respectively), whereas BAP (bone formation marker) increased more after EC2 (18 ± 16%) than after EC1 (4 ± 15%) (p < 0.05). Leptin (49 ± 58%) and cOCN (14 ± 10%) increased more (p < 0.05) after EC2 than after EC1 (−30 ± 15%, 9 ± 26%). Significant (p < 0.05) correlations were evident between peak CK activity and peak CTX‐1 (r = 0.847), P1NP (r = 0.815), BAP (r = −0.707), ucOCN (r = 0.627), cCON (r = −0.759), and leptin (r = −0.740) changes after EC1, but many of these correlations disappeared after EC2. This was also found for the relationships between other muscle damage markers (myoglobin, muscle soreness, and muscle strength) and the bone markers. It was concluded that bone turnover was affected by eccentric exercise, but muscle damage was unfavorable for bone formation.
Effect of confirmation and structured inquiry on attitudes toward school science
Authors: Toma Radu Bogdan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGuided and open inquiry strategies are found to improve students’ attitudes toward science. Yet, confirmation and structured inquiry are more often enacted by teachers. The effectiveness of these approaches involving high teacher guidance remains unexplored. Students in six classes (N = 119, Mage = 11.25 years) were assigned to control (lecture) or treatment (confirmation or structured inquiry) groups. The intervention consisted of two units of 3 h each. Following the intervention, students in the structured inquiry condition reported more intentions to enroll in school science than their counterparts in the confirmation inquiry or lecture group. There were no differences in enjoyableness, self‐efficacy, usefulness, and relevance of school science between pedagogical conditions. The findings support the use of structured inquiry over confirmation inquiry and lecture‐based strategies for developing students’ science career aspirations, which has implications for science teacher professional development and the design of instructional resources.
Preharvest phenotypic prediction of grain quality and yield of durum wheat using multispectral imaging
Authors: Vatter Thomas , Gracia‐Romero Adrian , Kefauver Shawn Carlisle , Nieto‐Taladriz María Teresa , Aparicio Nieves , Araus José Luis 
Published: December 2021

SummaryDurum wheat is an important cereal that is widely grown in the Mediterranean basin. In addition to high yield, grain quality traits are of high importance for farmers. The strong influence of climatic conditions makes the improvement of grain quality traits, like protein content, vitreousness, and test weight, a challenging task. Evaluation of quality traits post‐harvest is time‐ and labor‐intensive and requires expensive equipment, such as near‐infrared spectroscopes or hyperspectral imagers. Predicting not only yield but also important quality traits in the field before harvest is of high value for breeders aiming to optimize resource allocation. Implementation of efficient approaches for trait prediction, such as the use of high‐resolution spectral data acquired by a multispectral camera mounted on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), needs to be explored. In this study, we have acquired multispectral image data with an 11‐band multispectral camera mounted on a UAV and analyzed the data with machine learning (ML) models to predict grain yield and important quality traits in breeding micro‐plots. Combining 11‐band multispectral data for 34 cultivars and 16 environments allowed to develop ML models with good prediction capability. Applying the trained models to test sets explained a considerable degree of phenotypic variance with good accuracy showing r squared values of 0.84, 0.69, 0.64, and 0.61 and normalized root mean squared errors of 0.17, 0.07, 0.14, and 0.03 for grain yield, protein content, vitreousness, and test weight, respectively.
Characterization and first‐in‐human clinical dose‐escalation safety evaluation of a next‐gen human freeze‐dried plasma
Authors: Cancelas Jose A. , Nestheide Shawnagay , Rugg Neeta , Eckerman Anna , Macdonald Victor W. , L. Charles Matthew , Markstrom Luke , Atkinson Andrew J. , King Melissa R. , Snyder Michele , Burgess David , Murto James , Valiyaveettil Manoj K. , C. Pehta Joan , Penegor Stephen A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundEarly plasma transfusion is life‐saving for bleeding trauma patients. Freeze‐dried plasma (FDP) provides unique formulation advantages for infusion in the prehospital setting. We describe characterization and clinical safety data of the first, next‐generation FDP stored in plastic bags with rapid reconstitution.Study design and methodsCoagulation and chemistry parameters on 155 pairs of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and their derivative FDP units were compared. Next, a first‐in‐human, dose‐escalation safety evaluation of FDP, involving 24 healthy volunteers who donated either whole blood or apheresis plasma to create autologous FDP, was performed in three dose cohorts (270, 540, and 810 ml) and adverse events (AEs) were monitored. Cohort 3 was randomized, double‐blind with a cross‐over arm that compared FDP versus FFP using descriptive analysis for AEs, coagulation, hematology, and chemistry parameters.ResultsFDP coagulation factors, clotting times, and product quality (pH, total protein, and osmolality) post‐lyophilization were preserved. FDP infusions, of up to 810 ml per subject, were found to be safe and with no serious AEs (SAEs) related to FDP. The average time to reconstitute FDP was 67 s (range: 43–106). No differences in coagulation parameters or thrombin activation were detected in subjects infused with 810 ml of FDP compared with FFP.ConclusionThis first next‐generation FDP product preserves the potency and safety of FFP in a novel rugged, compressible, plastic container, for rapid transfusion, allowing rapid access to plasma in resuscitation protocols for therapy in acute traumatic hemorrhage.
Effect of Anatomical Sites on the Mechanical Properties of Spinal Dura Subjected to Biaxial Stretching
Authors: Tamura Atsutaka , Nishikawa Soichiro 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The spinal cord is encased by spinal meninges called the pia, arachnoid, and dura maters. Among these membranes, the dura mater is the thick and outermost layer and is the toughest and strongest. Thus, mechanical failure of the dura mater can lead to spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks or hypovolemia, resulting in a complication or exacerbation of unfavorable symptoms involved in a mild traumatic brain injury. To develop protective equipment that can help prevent such injuries, accurate characterization of the spinal dura mater is required, especially regarding the mechanical properties at different anatomical sites. In this study, we used an equiload biaxial tensile tester to investigate the mechanical properties of porcine meningeal dura mater along the whole length of the spine. The resultant strain of the dorsal side was greater than that of the ventral side (P &lt; 0.01), while the circumferential direction was significantly stiffer than the longitudinal direction (P &lt; 0.01) at lower strains regardless of the spinal level. We also found that the material stiffness progressively increased from the cervical level to the thoracolumbar level at lower strains, which implies that the dura mater inherently possesses structurally preferred features or functions because the neck requires sufficient flexibility for daily activities. Further, Young's modulus was significantly less on the dorsal side than on the ventral side at higher strains (P &lt; 0.05), suggesting that the dorsal side is readily elongated by spinal flexion even within the range of physiological motion.
The Effect of Surface Geometry of Solid Wall on the Collapse of a Cavitation Bubble
Authors: Sun Yurong , Du Yuxin , Yao Zhifeng , Zhong Qiang , Geng Siyuan , Wang Fujun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to reveal the influence of different surface geometric conditions on the dynamic behavior characteristics of a laser-induced bubble collapse. A high-speed camera system was used to record the oscillation process of the laser-induced bubble on plane solid walls with different roughness and a wall containing reentrant cavities full of water or gas. The focus is on the quantitative analysis of the morphological characteristics of the cavitation bubble near the solid wall under different surface forms during the first two oscillation periods. The results show that the dimensionless ratio γ, defined as the distance from the center of the bubble to the wall divided by the maximum radius of the bubble, has a great influence on the change of the cavitation shape in the direction of the vertical wall. Different surface geometries without gas in our cases have no significant effect on the collapse time of cavitation bubbles. While for the surface containing gas, the direction of movement of the bubble accompanying the microjet will greatly change during the collapse of the cavitation bubble, and the collapse time seems to be independent of the dimensionless ratio γ. These achievements shed the light for engineering to avoid the damage of the microjet caused by designing suitable surface geometry.
Time-Varying Formation Control for Heterogeneous Planar Underactuated Multivehicle Systems
Authors: Wang Bo , Nersesov Sergey G. , Ashrafiuon Hashem 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a distributed control approach for time-varying formation of heterogeneous planar underactuated vehicle networks without global position measurements. All vehicles in the network are modeled as generic three degree-of-freedom planar rigid bodies with two control inputs, and are allowed to have nonidentical dynamics. Feasible trajectories are generated for each vehicle using the nonholonomic constraints of the vehicle dynamics. By exploiting the cascaded structure of the planar vehicle model, a transformation is introduced to define the reduced order error dynamics, and then, a sliding-mode control law is proposed. Low-level controller for each vehicle is derived such that it only requires relative position and local motion information of its neighbors in a given directed communication network. The proposed formation control law guarantees the uniform global asymptotic stability (UGAS) of the closed-loop system subject to bounded uncertainties and disturbances. The proposed approach can be applied to underactuated vehicle networks consisting of mobile robots, surface vessels, and planar aircraft. Simulations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
A Constitutive Model of Human Dermis Skin Incorporating Different Collagen Fiber Families
Authors: Yuan Zhonghui , Huang Qinyi , Liang Xudong , Zhong Zheng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Skin tissue is a complex heterogeneous material abundant with fibers. Various models capturing its anisotropy, nonlinearity, and viscoelasticity have been developed. However, the existence of multiple fiber families and their differences have been largely ignored. Furthermore, inhomogeneous deformation over the thickness is observed in the skin under shear deformation, which the traditional skin models do not predict. In this paper, we propose that two fiber families with distinct mechanical and structural properties exist in the skin within the framework of a general structure tensor-based constitutive strain energy model. Our constitutive model considers fiber families’ distinct properties and the consequent inhomogeneous deformation in the skin, showing good agreement with in vivo measurements of human face skin.