bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differentiation&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;genetic&nbsp;basis&nbsp;of&nbsp;stem&nbsp;trichome&nbsp;development&nbsp;between&nbsp;cultivated&nbsp;tetraploid&nbsp;cotton&nbsp;species
Authors: Yuan Rong , Cao Yuefen , Li Tengyu , Yang Feng , Yu Li , Qin Yuan , Du Xiongming , Liu Fang , Ding Mingquan , Jiang Yurong , Zhang Hua , Paterson Andrew H. , Rong Junkang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Cotton stem trichomes and seed fibers are each single celled structures formed by protrusions of epidermal cells, and were found sharing the overlapping molecular mechanism. Compared with fibers, cotton stem trichomes are more easily observed, but the molecular mechanisms underlying their development are still poorly understood.Results: In this study, Gossypium hirsutum ( Gh ) and G. barbadense ( Gb ) were found to differ greatly in percentages of varieties/accessions with glabrous stems and in trichome density, length, and number per trichopore. Gh varieties normally had long singular and clustered trichomes, while Gb varieties had short clustered trichomes. Genetic mapping using five F2 populations from crosses between glabrous varieties and those with different types of stem trichomes revealed that much variation among stem trichome phenotypes could be accounted for by different combinations of genes/alleles on Chr. 06 and Chr. 24. The twenty six F1 generations from crosses between varieties with different types of trichomes had varied phenotypes, further suggesting that the trichomes of tetraploid cotton were controlled by different genes/alleles. Compared to modern varieties, a greater proportion of Gh wild accessions were glabrous or had shorter and denser trichomes; whereas a smaller proportion of Gb primitive accessions had glabrous stems. A close correlation between fuzz fiber number and stem trichome density was observed in both Gh and Gb primitive accessions and modern varieties. Conclusion: Based on these findings, we hypothesize that stem trichomes evolved in parallel with seed fibers during the domestication of cultivated tetraploid cotton. In addition, the current results illustrated that stem trichome can be used as a morphological index of fiber quality in cotton conventional breeding.
Characteristics and prognostic factors of COVID-19 among infected cases: A nationwide Tunisian analysis
Authors: Harizi Chahida , Cherif Ines , Najar Nourhene , Osman Molka , Mallekh Rym , Ayed Oumaima Ben , Ayedi Yosr , Dhaouadi Sonia , Hchaichi Aicha , Safer Mouna , Letaief Hejer , Bouaziz Ilhem , Derouiche Sondes , Gharbi Donia , Bouabid Leila , Bougatef Souha , Salah Hamida Ben , Fakhfakh Radhouane , Abid Salma , Boubaker Ilhem Boutiba Ben , Chahed Mohamed Kouni , Ben-Alaya Nissaf Bouafif 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) continues to constitute an international public health concern. Few data are available on the duration and prognostic factors of the disease. We aimed to study the recovery time among a Tunisian cohort of COVID-19 confirmed patients and identify the prognostic factors.Methods: A retrospective, nationwide study was conducted from March 2 to May 8, 2020, recruiting all patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19, by RT-PCR methods, in Tunisia. Data were collected via phone call interview. Kaplan-Meir Methods and Cox proportional hazards regression models were, respectively, used to study the recovery time and estimate its prognostic factors.Results: One thousand and thirty patients with COVID-19 (aged 43.2 ± 18.2 years, 526 female (51.1%)) were enrolled. Among them 141 (14.8%) were healthcare professionals. Out of 173 patients (17.8%) admitted to the hospital, 47 were admitted in an intensive care unit. Among 827 patients who didn’t require specialized care, 55.5% were self-isolated at home, while the rest were in specialized centers. Six hundred and two patients were symptomatic. A total of 634 (61.6 %) patients have recovered and 45 (4.4 %) patients died. The median duration of illness was estimated to be 31 days (95% CI: [29 - 32]). Older age (HR=0.66, CI:[ 0.46-0.96], P=0.031) and symptoms (HR=0.61, CI:[ 0.43-0.81], P=0.021) were independently associated with a delay in recovery time. Being a healthcare professional (HR=1.52, CI :[1.10-2.08], P=0.011) and patients in home isolation compared to isolation centers (HR=2.99, CI :[1.85-4.83], P<10¯³) were independently associated with faster recovery time. Conclusion: The duration of illness was estimated to be one month. However, this long estimated duration of illness may not equate to infectiousness. A particular attention must to be paid to elderly and symptomatic patients with closer monitoring.
Prognostic role of preoperative D-dimer, fibrinogen and platelet levels in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Liang Yu-jie , Mei Xue-ying , Zeng Bin , Zhang Si-en , Yang Le , Lao Xiaomei , Liao Gui-qing 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The relationship between cancer and coagulation has been intensively studied in recent years; however, the effects of coagulation factors on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) have rarely been reported. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between preoperative D-dimer (DD), fibrinogen (FIB), platelets (PLT) and OSCC, as well as the prognostic value of DD, FIB and PLT in OSCC. Methods: We retrospectively investigated a total of 202 patients with OSCC treated at Guanghua Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University. Baseline demographic and clinicopathological information as well as both preoperative and postoperative DD, FIB and PLT results were collected from each patient, and patients with primary OSCC were followed up for disease progression, death or the end of the study. The correlations between preoperative DD, FIB, PLT and other clinical features, as well as the therapeutic effect and PFS were analysed statistically, and postoperative DD and surgical parameters were also analysed. Results: Preoperative DD was significantly correlated with T stage, N stage, clinical stage and relapse of OSCC ( P =0.000, 0.001, 0.000 and 0.000, respectively). Univariate Cox regression analyses showed that high preoperative DD predicted poor prognosis in patients with OSCC (HR=2.1, P =0.033), while FIB and PLT showed no prognostic values. Postoperative DD was significantly correlated with preoperative DD and surgical type but not the duration of surgery ( P =0.005, 0.001 and 0.244, respectively). Conclusion: In this study, we suggested that high preoperative DD level may serve as an indicator for synchronous neck dissection in patients with T 1, 2 OSCC, and the elevated DD level might be the marker of disease progression in patient follow up.
The effects of BMMSC treatment on Lung tissue degeneration in elderly macaques
Authors: Yang Yukun , Li Ye , Wang Yanying , Ruan Guangping , Tian Chuan , Wang Qiang , He Huanyu , Zhu Gaohong , Fang Dong , Wang Mao , Zhu Xiangqing , Pan Xinghua 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Age-associated lung tissue degeneration is a risk factor for lung injury and exacerbated lung disease. It is also the main risk factor for chronic lung diseases (such as COPD, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, cancer, among others).So, it is particularly important to find new anti-aging treatments.Methods: We systematically screened and evaluated elderly senile multiple organ dysfunction macaque models to determine whether BMMSCs inhibited lung tissue degeneration.Results: The average alveolar area, Mean linear intercept（MLI）and fibrosis area in the elderly macaque models were significantly larger than in young rhesus monkeys (p <0.05), while the capillary density around the alveoli was significantly low than in young macaque models (p<0.05). Intravenous infusion of BMMSCs reduced the degree of pulmonary fibrosis, increased the density of capillaries around the alveoli (p <0.05), and the number of type Ⅱ alveolar epithelium in elderly macaques (p <0.05). In addition, the infusion reduced lung tissue ROS levels, systemic and lung tissue inflammatory levels and Treg cell ratio in elderly macaque models（p<0.05）. Indirect co-cultivation revealed that BMMSCs suppressed the expression of senescence-associated genes, ROS levels, apoptosis rate of aging type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells (A549 cells) and enhanced their proliferation (p<0.05).Conclusions: BMMSC treatment inhibited age-associated lung tissue degeneration.
Characteristics of hepatic solitary necrotic nodules on contrast-enhanced ultrasonography
Authors: Lu Chunyu , Tang Shaoshan , Zhang Xiaoyue , Wang Yang , Wang Kaiming , Shen Peng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background:To summarize the characteristics of solitary necrotic nodules (SNN) in the liver observed under contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS).Methods:Conventional ultrasonography (US) and CEUS were performed in 24 patients who were confirmed to have SNN by pathological assessment. The US data and dynamic enhancement patterns of CEUS were recorded and retrospectively analyzed.Results:Ten of 24 patients underwent surgical resection, while the other 14 patients underwent a puncture biopsy to be confirmed as SNN. Among the 24 patients, 13 patients had a single lesion and 11 patients had multiple lesions. The largest lesion was selected for CEUS examination for patients with multiple lesions. Eleven patients presented no enhancement in all three phases, while the other 13 patients presented with a peripheral thin rim-like enhancement in the arterial phase, an iso-enhancement in the portal phase and delayed phase. However, no enhancement in the interior of the lesions was detected during three phases of CEUS.Conclusions:SNN has characteristic findings on the CEUS, which play an important role in the differential diagnoses of liver focal lesions.
Transformer-based deep neural network language models for Alzheimer's disease risk assessment from targeted speech
Authors: Roshanzamir Alireza , Aghajan Hamid , Baghshah Mahdieh Soleymani 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: We developed transformer-based deep learning models based on natural language processing for early risk assessment of Alzheimer’s disease from the picture description test.Methods: The lack of large datasets poses the most important limitation for using complex models that do not require feature engineering. Transformer-based pre-trained deep language models have recently made a large leap in NLP research and application. These models are pre-trained on available large datasets to understand natural language texts appropriately, and are shown to subsequently perform well on classiﬁcation tasks with small training sets. The overall classiﬁcation model is a simple classiﬁer on top of the pre-trained deep language model.Results: The models are evaluated on picture description test transcripts of the Pitt corpus, which contains data of 170 AD patients with 257 interviews and 99 healthy controls with 243 interviews. The large bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERTLarge) embedding with logistic regression classiﬁer achieves classiﬁcation accuracy of 88.08%, which improves the state-of-the-art by 2.48%.Conclusions: Using pre-trained language models can improve AD prediction. This not only solves the problem of lack of suﬃciently large datasets, but also reduces the need for expert-deﬁned features.
KK-LC-1 may be an effective prognostic biomarker for gastric cancer
Authors: Ji Jun , Chen Jiahui , Wang Anqiang , Zhang Wei , Ju Hongge , Liu Yang , Li Leping 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: To detect the expression of Kita-Kyushu lung cancer antigen-1 (KK-LC-1) in gastric cancer (GC) specimens and analyze the associations between KK-LC-1 expression and clinicopathological parameters and clinical prognosis. Methods : A total of 94 patients with GC who underwent surgical resection were enrolled in this study. The expression of KK-LC-1 in GC tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. The assessment of KK-LC-1 expression was conducted using the H-scoring system. H-score was calculated by the multiplication of the overall staining intensity with the percentage of positive cells. The expression of KK-LC-1 in the cytoplasm and was scored to achieve respective H-score values. The correlations between KK-LC-1 expression and clinicopathological parameters and clinical prognosis were analyzed using Chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression. Results: In the cytoplasm, the expression of KK-LC-1 in tumor tissues was significantly higher than that in normal tissues (P < 0.001, respectively). Using the median H-score as the cutoff value, it was discovered that, GC patients with higher levels of KK-LC-1expression in the cytoplasm, had favorable overall survival (P =0.016), and it was still statistically meaningful in Cox regression analysis. At the same time, the study found that there was a negative correlation between KK-LC-1’s protein expression and the pathological grade of the tumor (P = 0.036); KK-LC-1 protein is more highly expressed in the intestinal type than the diffuse type, and it is statistically significant. The high expression of KK-LC-1 protein in the intestinal type is more than that in the diffuse type (P =0.008). Conclusions: Our research data shows that KK-LC-1’s expression in GC is higher than that of normal tissues, which is associated with a longer overall survival in GC. KK-LC-1 can be used as a biomarker for GC patients with good prognosis.
Management of anticoagulated patients in dentoalveolar surgery: a retrospective study comparing Bridging with heparin versus unpaused vitamin K antagonist medication.
Authors: Buchbender Mayte , Rößler F , Kesting Marco , Frohwitter Gesche , Adler Werner , Rau Andrea 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of postoperative bleeding following dentoalveolar surgery in patients with either continued vitamin K antagonist medication or perioperative bridging using heparin. Methods: A retrospective study was performed analyzing patients who underwent tooth extraction between 2012 and 2017. Patients were retrospectively allocated into two comparative groups: un-paused vitamin K antagonist medication versus bridging using heparin. A healthy, non-anticoagulated cohort with equivalent surgery served as a control group. Main outcome measures were: the occurrence and frequency of postoperative bleeding, the number of removed teeth, the surgical technique of tooth removal (extraction/ osteotomy/ combined extraction and osteotomy) and the prothrombin time. Results: In total, 475 patients were included in the study with 170 patients in the group of un-paused vitamin K antagonist medication VG, 135 patients in the Bridging group BG and 170 patients in the control group CG. Postoperative bleeding was significant: CG vs.VG p=0.004; CG vs. BG p<0.001, BG vs.VG p<0.001. A significant correlation of number of the extracted teeth in the BG (p=0.014) and no significance in VG (p=0.298) and CG (p=0.210) and in the BG vs. VG and CG with p<0.001 in terms of surgical intervention extraction. No difference observed in terms of prothrombin time. Conclusion: Bridging with heparin increases the risk for bleeding compared to un-paused vitamin K antagonist medication. The perioperative management of anticoagulated patients requires a well- coordinated interdisciplinary teamwork to minimize or at best avoid both: postoperative bleeding and thromboembolic incidences. Key words:
CooC11 and CooC7: The development and validation of age appropriate children’s perceived Cooking Competence measures
Authors: Dean Moira , Issartel Johann , Benson Tony , McCloat Amanda , Mooney Elaine , McKernan Claire , Dunne Laura , Brennan Sarah F , Moore Sarah E , McCarthy Danielle , Woodside Jayne V , Lavelle Fiona 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Learning cooking skills during childhood and adolescence is associated with positive dietary outcomes in adulthood as well as being tracked from adolescence to adulthood. In addition studies have found that perceived competence to be a greater motivator to perform a behaviour than actual competence. However, a lack of validated tools that effectively measure behavioural and dietary changes including cooking confidence in children is a limitation. Therefore, this research aimed to develop and validate age-appropriate perceived cooking competence measures for younger and older primary school aged children.Methods: Two measures of perceived Cooking Competence (CooC11 and CooC7) for older (8-12 years) and younger (6-7 years) children were developed from a critical evaluation of publically available recommendations and expert consultation. The cooking skills within the measures were illustrated by a graphic designer in consultation with a chef and reviewed in an iterative manner by the research team. The measures were piloted for clarity, ease of use and initial face validity. Multiple studies were used for both CooC11 and CooC7 to establish psychometric properties of the measures, temporal stability, internal consistency reliability, construct validity, as well as responsiveness to change for CooC11. Analysis included Exploratory Factor Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Intraclass Correlation Coefficients, Pearson’s Correlations, ANOVAs and Cronbach’s Alphas.Results: Both measures had high levels of face validity and received positive user feedback. Two factors were shown in both measures with the measures showing excellent temporal stability (ICC >0.9) and good internal consistency (Cronbach’s Alphas >0.7). Both measures showed initial discriminant validity, with significant differences (P<0.001) between those who reported assisting their parents with dinner preparation and those who did not. Additionally, CooC11 was significantly correlated with an adult cooking measure and had a significant responsiveness to change (P<0.01).Conclusions: The CooC11 and CooC7 are the first validated age-appropriate measures for assessing children’s perceived Cooking Competence for ages 8-12 and 6-7 years respectively. They can be used to evaluate the efficacy of children’s cooking intervention studies or school nutrition education programmes.
Executive dysfunctions mediate between altered sensory processing and daily activity performance in older adults
Authors: Yeger Batya Engel , Rosenblum Sara 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Sensory processing is essential for the interaction with the environment and for adequate daily function. Sensory processing may deteriorate with aging and restrict daily activity performance. Aging may also affect Executive functions (EFs) which are critical for daily activity performance. Yet, most studies refer separately to the impacts of sensory processing or EFs and use clinical evaluations that do not necessarily reflect functional restrictions in real life. This study aims to describe the prevalence of altered sensory processing in the elderly as expressed in daily life scenarios and explore whether EFs mediate between altered sensory processing and daily activity performance in older adults. Methods : This cross-sectional study included 167 healthy independently functioning people aged 65 and above who were living in the community, had sufficient cognitive status and no symptoms of depression (based on the GDS and the MMSE). All participants completed a socio-demographic-health questionnaire, the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile, the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function–Adult Version and the Daily Living Questionnaire. Results: Altered sensory processing, and mainly by the reduced ability to register and modulate sensory input from daily environment, were prevalent in older adults. Their impacts on daily activity performance were mediated by executive dysfunctions. Conclusions: Executive dysfunctions may worsen the negative effects of altered sensory processing on daily activity performance in older adults. The interaction between EFs and sensory processing should receive growing attention in intervention and prevention programs for older adults, with the emphasis on their expressions and implications on peoples’ function in real life context.
Hidden Pulmonary Arteries in Tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary artery pressure in patients Operated with a Pulmonary Artery
Authors: Edraki Mohammadreza , Ghasemzadeh Bahram , Keshavarz Kambiz , Amirghofran Ahmadali , Mohammadi Hamid , Kheirandish Zahra , Amoozgar Hamid , Nirooei Elahe , Ajami Gholamhossein , Mehdizadegan Nima , Naghshzan Amir , Peiravian Farah , Cheriki Sirous , Nobahkti Mohammadjavad 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction: The absence of a pulmonary artery is a rare congenital anomaly that occurs isolated or with other congenital cardiac disorders, particularly tetralogy of Fallot (TOF); meanwhile, a hidden pulmonary artery might exist and originate from a closed ductus arteriosus (DA), which can be stented to reach the artery.Material and methods: This prospective study describes cardiac catheterization of nine TOF patients diagnosed with the absence of the left pulmonary artery before the operation. The patients were stratified into three groups: group one, whose closed DA was found and connected to the hidden pulmonary artery with a stent; group two, whose hidden pulmonary arteries were found via the pulmonary vein angiography; and group three, for whom we could not find the remnant of the DA, or our attempt to stent the DA to the hidden pulmonary artery was not successful.We also evaluated outcomes of six other surgically-corrected TOF patients who were operated with the absent left pulmonary artery.Results: The first group included the patients aged 1, 24, and 30 months, whose CT angiography 6-9 months after stenting showed acceptable left pulmonary artery diameter for surgical correction, and the pulmonary vein angiography of the second group showed a hidden left pulmonary artery with a suitable diameter for surgical correction.However, we were unable to find or stent the DA of group three patients, aged 12, 38, 60, and 63 months. Earlier Angiography might have increased the chance of access to the hidden vessel. Apart from these three groups, follow-ups of six other patients previously corrected with only the right pulmonary artery revealed pulmonary artery hypertension in all patients.Conclusion: The concealed pulmonary artery might be found, and stenting of the closed DA to it might be performed to improve the diameter of the diminutive pulmonary artery. This procedure may allow TOF total surgical correction with two pulmonary arteries. Besides, pulmonary vein angiography can reveal the hidden pulmonary artery.