bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expanding the Conjugate Structure of Polymeric Carbon Nitride for Enhanced Light Absorption and Photothermal Conversion
Authors: Liu Cheng , Chen Guang , Zhang Ze , You Yezi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe development of efficient and inexpensive materials for light energy conversion is very important for achieving sustainable energy supply and carbon neutrality. Polymeric carbon nitride has become a promising material for light energy conversion due to its advantages of simple preparation and high physical and chemical stability. However, the pristine polymeric carbon nitride only absorbs light with a wavelength of less than 450 nm, and the energy conversion for low‐energy photons is very limited. Here, by introducing the pyromellitic dianhydride component to construct an in‐plane heterostructure, the conjugated structure of polymeric carbon nitride is successfully expanded. This in‐plane carbon nitride‐carbon nanoribbon (C3N4‐C) heterostructure has an ultrawide absorption range from 200 to 2000 nm. Compared with the original material, the photothermal conversion performance of C3N4‐C is significantly improved under the irradiation of Xe lamp or infrared laser. Furthermore, C3N4‐C exhibits good potential for synergistic photothermal and chemotherapy. This work provides a simple strategy to construct expanded conjugate structure for improved light absorption and energy conversion materials based on polymeric carbon nitride.
Mechanically Strong, Autonomous Self‐Healing, and Fully Recyclable Silicone Coordination Elastomers with Unique Photoluminescent Properties
Authors: Zhao Peijian , Wang Linlin , Xie Lefu , Wang Wenyu , Wang Lili , Zhang Changqiao , Li Lei , Feng Shengyu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe combination of excellent mechanical performances, high reprocess efficiency, and wide‐range tunability for functional dynamic siloxane materials is a challenging subject. Herein, the fabrication of mechanically strong, autonomous self‐healing, and fully recyclable silicone elastomers with unique photoluminescent properties by coordination of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) containing coordination bonding motifs with Zn2+ ions is reported. Salicylaldimine groups, which are introduced into the polysiloxane backbone via mild Schiff‐base reaction, coordinate with zinc ions to form elastomeric networks The obtained supramolecular elastomers have excellent mechanical properties, with the optimized tensile strength up to 10.0 MPa, which is unprecedented among the reported thermoplastic polysiloxane‐based elastomers. Both mechanical properties and stress relaxation kinetics are tunable via adjusting the length of PDMS segments or the molar ratio of metal versus salicylaldimine. Furthermore, these elastomers can be conveniently healed and recycled to regain their original mechanical properties and integrity under mild conditions. In addition, this new kind of polysiloxane also exhibits coordination‐enhanced fluorescence, showing great promise for preparing photoluminescent elastomers or coatings.
Neurodevelopmental disorders and incontinence in children and adolescents: Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and intellectual disability—A consensus document of the International Children's Continence Society
Authors: von Gontard Alexander , Hussong Justine , Yang Stephen S. , Chase Janet , Franco Israel , Wright Anne 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsNeurodevelopmental disorders (NDs) are incapacitating disorders, which begin early in life, are mainly caused by genetic and neurobiological factors, and show a tendency to persist. They are associated with higher rates of incontinence in children and adolescents, including nocturnal enuresis, daytime urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence, and constipation. Without diagnosis and treatment, they will interfere with incontinence treatment leading to less favorable outcomes. The aim of this International Children's Continence Society (ICCS) document is to provide an overview of the three most important NDs, that is, attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and intellectual disability (ID).MethodsThis consensus paper was commissioned by the ICCS. A selective, nonsystematic review was performed. Guidelines, reviews, and selected studies were included. The recommendations are consensus‐based.ResultsADHD is the most common ND with special relevance in clinical practice. ASD and ID are less common, but more severe disorders than ADHD. Basic principles of the assessment and treatment of NDs are provided. Incontinence is common among patients with NDs. Specific modifications and practical approaches in the treatment of incontinence in children with NDs are outlined.ConclusionsIncontinence in children and adolescents with NDs is common. Effective treatment of incontinence should be adapted and modified to the specific needs of patients with NDs. A multiprofessional approach is recommended.
NRS‐2002 and mNUTRIC score: Could we predict mortality of hematological malignancy patients in the ICU?
Authors: İleri İbrahim , Özsürekci Cemile , Halil Meltem Gülhan , Gündoğan Kürşat 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundMalnutrition is a problem that greatly affects patients with hematological malignancy (HM) throughout the course of illness. Intensity of the malignancy treatment, inadequate energy intake, complex procedures such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and treatment side effects are contributing factors for malnutrition in HM patients.The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of the modified Nutrition Risk in Critically Ill (mNUTRIC) score and Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 (NRS‐2002) in predicting hospital and long‐term mortality of HM patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) and to identify effects of malnutrition on ICU mortality.MethodsThis prospective observational cohort study was conducted in a university teaching hospital tertiary ICU service. During the study period, 112 HM patients who were >18 years old were admitted to the ICU. We excluded the patients who were discharged or died within 24 h from the statistical analysis. The patients were followed for 3 years after discharge for long‐term mortality.ResultsTwenty‐nine patients died within 24 h of admission and were excluded from the study; therefore, statistical analysis was done for 81 patients. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that high malnutrition risk, according to the NRS‐2002 score, was associated with greater odds of ICU mortality (P = 0.002, odds ratio = 19.16).ConclusionIn this study, we showed that NRS‐2002 is superior to mNUTRIC score in predicting ICU mortality in patients with HMs. mNUTRIC score and NRS‐2002 were not superior to each other in predicting long‐term mortality.
Gauss pseudospectral‐based velocity optimization for rail transit trains with running and computation delays
Authors: Liu Ping , Zhou Lei , Chen Xiaolei , Piao Changhao , Zhou Xin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWith the progress of urban intelligent construction, urban rail transit trains have become one of the most important ways for urban traffic. Optimization operation is a key to further improve the performance of urban rail transit. In this work, an energy saving velocity planning algorithm for rail transit train with running and computation delays is proposed. First, an optimization model with considering both running and computation delays is established for velocity planning. Then, the velocity planning algorithm frame is proposed based on Gauss pseudospectral distribution, where the running delay and computation delay are tackled separately. Meanwhile, the gradient information of transform nonlinear programming (NLP) problem is derived in detail so that NLP solver can be employed to obtain accuracy results. Furthermore, the implementation steps of the proposed algorithm are given. Finally, simulation tests are carried out on a two‐station running rail transit train model with three different delay situations and two different slopes railway. Numerical results and comparison show the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed method for rail transit train velocity planning with delays.
Functionalization of molten polyethylene by ozonization and its application in wood fiber reinforced polyethylene composites
Authors: Wang Chun‐Yan , He Guang‐Jian , Huang Wei‐Tao , Yin Xiao‐Chun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHere we report a fast functionalization method of PE using ozone oxidization to improve the interfacial adhesion between wood fiber (WF) and oxidized PE (OPE) for preparing wood‐plastic composites (WPC). Low density PE at molten state was oxidized (at 220°C for 1 h) to form polar groups on molecular chains and further mixed with different content of eucalyptus WF. The effect of ozone on the molecular structure of PE and the properties of WPCs were investigated by FTIR, XPS, contact angle test, rheological test, SEM and mechanical tests. After ozonization, the hydrophilicity of PE was greatly improved due to the introduction of oxygen‐containing groups. As a consequence, the interfacial adhesion between OPE and WF was greatly enhanced as a result of hydrophilicity of OPE. The tensile elongation at break of OPE/WF was maximum increased by 65% comparing to PE/WF composites. It is an effective method to improve hydrophilicity of PE, which will provide a feasible route for recycling and utilizing of recycled polyethylene.
Synthesis of novel silver nanocomposite hydrogels based on polyurethane/poly(ethylene glycol) via aqueous extract of oak fruit and their antibacterial and mechanical properties
Authors: Rahmani Sohrab , Ghaemi Farzaneh , Khaleghi Maryam , Haghi Fakhri 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this study, novel hydrogels based on polyurethane/polyethylene glycol (PU/PEG) and their silver nanocomposites (PU/PEG/Ag x, x = 100, 200, 400, and 800) were developed using click chemistry and a green method. Mechanical analysis showed that introducing of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into hydrogels and increasing the content increased their mechanical properties dramatically. Tensile strength and elongation at break increased from 0.2 MPa and 105% for PU/PEG to 2.5 MPa and 210% for PU/PEG/Ag 800. Similarly, the compressive strength increased from 5 to 55 MPa. Investigation of the SEM images showed that the AgNPs were homogeneously dispersed throughout the hydrogel network, and through the incorporation of silver nanoparticles in hydrogels, the pore size of hydrogels decreased. Therefore, the swelling degree of hydrogels decreased by increasing the content of AgNPs. FTIR spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) demonstrated that the interaction of network heteroatoms with AgNPs was responsible for stabilizing silver nanoparticles. The antibacterial properties of nanocomposites were evaluated against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. These nanocomposites showed significant activities against S. aureus bacteria. In addition, the cell viability test showed that these nanocomposites had good biocompatibility (84% cells viable). Therefore, they could be favorable candidates for wound dressing applications.
Noninvasive prenatal testing: Advancing through a virtuous circle of science, technology and clinical applications
Authors: Lo Y. M. Dennis 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundSince the discovery of cell‐free fetal DNA in maternal blood in 1997, the interplay of basic scientific observations and technological developments have continued to drive new clinical applications in the field.AimsThis commentary discusses a number of examples in this virtuous circle of science, technology and clinical applications.Materials & MethodsCommentary and literature review.ResultsOne example of technological developments is the detection technologies for detecting circulating DNA, moving from conventional PCR, to real‐time PCR, to massively parallel sequencing. One example of basic scientific understanding is the size and fragmentation patterns of circulating DNA.DiscussionBeyond creating a global paradigm in prenatal medicine, the development of noninvasive prenatal testing has also impacted other areas such as cancer screening and transplantation monitoring. Finally, the commentary looks forward to what might be in store in the next decade.
Re‐evaluation of the predictive value of Quintero staging of twin‐twin transfusion syndrome for fetal death after fetoscopic laser photocoagulation
Authors: Yamamoto Ryo , Kuruma Airi , Moriuchi Kaori , Shiro Michihisa , Wagata Maiko , Yamamoto Rumiko , Kawaguchi Haruna , Hayashi Shusaku , Ishii Keisuke 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo elucidate the significance of sonographic indices, including Doppler waveforms, that constitute the Quintero classification for predicting death of the recipient or donor after fetoscopic laser photocoagulation (FLP) for twin‐twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS).MethodsProspectively collected data of twins who underwent FLP for TTTS were reviewed. Among the abnormal indices of ultrasound performed just before FLP, factors that were significantly associated with fetal and neonatal deaths in the log‐rank test, including fetal demise of co‐twins and preterm birth before 28 weeks of gestation, were introduced into the Cox proportional‐hazards model to calculate risk ratio (RR).ResultsWe included 235 cases with a prevalence of recipient and donor deaths of 7% and 14%, respectively. In the proportional‐hazards model, absent or reversed umbilical artery end‐diastolic velocity (UA AREDV) of recipients (n = 7) was independently associated with recipient death (RR = 6.97). In recipients without UA AREDV, reversed ductus venosus (DV) a‐wave of recipients (RR = 3.55) was independently associated with recipient death. In donors, UA AREDV with a visible bladder (stage III atypical donor) was independently associated with donor death (RR = 4.24).ConclusionSome individual components of the Quintero stage are associated with death of either recipient or donor twins following FLP.
Teaching an old dog new tricks: A lipid membrane‐based electric immunosensor for real‐time probing of the spike S1 protein subunit from SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Asandei Alina , Mereuta Loredana , Schiopu Irina , Park Yoonkyung , Luchian Tudor 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFast, cheap, and easy to implement point‐of‐care testing for various pathogens constituted a game changer in past years due to its potential for early disease diagnosis. Herein, we report on the proof‐of‐concept of a simple method enabling in vitro detection of a structural spike protein subunit from the SARS‐CoV‐2 (S1) in aqueous samples. At the core of this discovery lies the well‐known paradigm of monitoring the capacitive current across a reconstituted zwitterionic lipid membrane subjected to a periodic transmembrane potential, followed by the real‐time spectral analysis enabling the extraction of the second harmonic of the capacitive current. Subsequent changes in the amplitude of this harmonic recorded during lipid membrane–S1 interactions were correlated with alterations induced in the inner membrane potential profile by the S1 protein subunit adsorption, and were shown to be augmented by ionic strength, the presence of a specific monoclonal antibody designed against the S1 subunit and the angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) protein receptor, and uninhibited by the presence of other human serum proteins.
Patient‐reported functional outcomes 30 days after hospitalization for COVID‐19
Authors: Qin Evelyn S. , Gold Laura S. , Hough Catherine L. , Katz Patricia P. , Bunnell Aaron E. , Wysham Katherine D. , Andrews James S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundMany coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) survivors experience persistent symptoms, such as fatigue, dyspnea, and musculoskeletal pain. However, less is known about the impact of COVID‐19 on longer term functional outcomes.ObjectiveTo evaluate patient‐reported activity of daily living (ADL) function and fatigue symptoms 30 days after hospitalization for COVID‐19.DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingTertiary care university hospital.ParticipantsAdults 18 years or older hospitalized for COVID‐19 and survived to 30 days after discharge.MethodsA standardized telephone questionnaire was administered 30 days after hospital discharge.Main Outcome MeasuresAbility to perform basic and instrumental ADLs and fatigue symptoms severity (Patient‐Reported Outcome Measurement Information System [PROMIS] Fatigue Short Form 7a) were assessed by self‐report.ResultsParticipants (n = 55) were 22‐95 years old. Compared to pre‐COVID hospitalization, 52% developed new difficulty and 6% new dependence with performing basic ADLs (bADLs), 48% developed new difficulty and 11% new dependence with instrumental ADLs (iADLs), and 69% experienced a clinically significant worsening in their fatigue symptom severity. The average fatigue symptom severity T‐score before hospitalization was 44.2 ± 7.4 and after hospitalization was 54.5 ± 9.8. In exploratory multivariate analyses, each additional COVID symptom at presentation was associated with a predicted increase of 1.43 units (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.45–2.42) in the 30‐day fatigue symptom severity T‐score, each additional day of hospitalization was associated with an 1.2 times increased odds of worsening fatigue (95% CI, 0.98–1.5; p = .08), and each unit increase in baseline body mass index was associated with 0.8 times decreased odds of new bADL or iADL dependence at 30 days (95% CI, 0.65–0.99).ConclusionsNew functional impairments are common at 30 days after discharge among survivors of hospitalization for COVID‐19. Early rehabilitation, advance care planning, and referrals to appropriate therapies should be considered in postacute COVID‐19 care to maximize patients' functional outcomes. However, ongoing research is still needed regarding management of these patients.
Enhancement of thermoelectric properties of D‐A conjugated polymer through constructing random copolymers with more electronic donors
Authors: Hu Yanchuan , Gao Yifei , Li Pengcheng , Gao Xiang , Liu Zhitian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDeveloping new D‐A conjugated polymer system for thermoelectric (TE) application is highly desirable. Herein, a series of random copolymers by incorporating 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) electron rich units into a diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) D‐A conjugated polymer were designed and synthesized. Compared to the alternating conjugated copolymer PDPP‐3T, the HOMO level of the random copolymers are increased as part of the electron deficiency acceptor DPP units in the polymer chain were superseded by electron rich EDOT, which could contribute to effective p‐doping. Moreover, through incorporating EDOT to construct random copolymers, it can also induce an orientation change from face‐on dominated to edge‐on dominated orientation as well as enhance the packing of copolymer chains, which is beneficial to the charge transport. Under same doping condition, the electrical conductivities of the doped polymers increase and the Seebeck coefficient decrease as the increasing of EDOT content, resulting in an optimized power factor of 6.4 μW m−1 K−2 for the random polymer with EDOT content of 40% which is four times higher than that of alternating conjugated copolymer PDPP‐3T. These results demonstrated that constructing random copolymers by incorporating more electronic donors into D‐A conjugated polymers may be a promising strategy for developing TE conjugated polymers.
A Statistical Hot Spot Reaction Rate Model for Shock Initiation of Polymer‐Bonded Explosives
Authors: Bai Zhi‐ling , Duan Zhuo‐ping , Wang Xin‐jie , Huang Feng‐lei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA statistical hot spot reaction rate model for shock initiation and detonation of heterogeneous solid explosives is developed to devote a physically realistic description of the formation, growth, or coalescence of hot spots, combustion, and rapid transition to detonation. One of the most significant advantages of the statistical model is that it predicts well the influence of mesoscopic void size distribution and critical size of activated hot spots on the shock initiation and detonation growth of PBXs. The calculated pressure histories in both TATB‐based LX‐17 and HMX‐based PBX9501 are found to be in good agreement with the experimental data. It is found that the shock initiation behavior of the HMX‐based PBX is mainly controlled by the number density of hot spots and shows an accelerated reaction characteristic and that of the TATB‐based PBX is determined by the combustion reaction process, which featured by a stable reaction characteristic. It is also found that the void size inside the explosive should be restricted as small as possible to effectively reduce the initiation sensitivity. The results could advance our knowledge of shock initiation of PBXs and provide guidelines for the synthesis of insensitive high composite explosives.
Dizziness and physical health are associated with pain in dizzy patients—A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Gustavsen Ingvild Ølfarnes , Wilhelmsen Kjersti , Goode Adam P. , Nordahl Stein Helge Glad , Goplen Frederik Kragerud , Nilsen Roy Miodini , Magnussen Liv Heide 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and PurposeAssociations between dizziness, health‐related quality of life, and musculoskeletal pain have not been systematically explored in patients with vestibular disorders. Such knowledge may be important for choice of treatments. The study objectives were to examine the extent and localization of musculoskeletal pain and explore whether pain was associated with dizziness and health‐related quality of life.MethodsThe cross‐sectional study investigated anonymized data from an earlier survey on patients with long‐lasting dizziness (>3 months) examined in an oto‐rhino‐laryngological department. The sample includes patient between 18 and 70 years with Ménière's disease, vestibular schwannoma, benign positional paroxysmal vertigo, vestibular neuritis, non‐otogenic dizziness, and cervicogenic dizziness. General musculoskeletal, that is, pain in muscles, tendons, and joints was registered by a yes/no question. A pain drawing registered localization of pain. Multiple binary logistic regression models were used to determine the association between pain and vertigo‐balance and autonomic‐anxiety related dizziness by the short Vertigo Symptom Scale (VSS) and sub‐scales (VSS‐V, VSS‐A), and between pain and health‐related quality of life by the SF‐36, mental and physical component summary scale (SF‐36 MCS, SF‐36 PCS).ResultsThe sample consisted of 503 patients, 60.2% were women, the median age was 50 years. General musculoskeletal pain was reported by 72.8% of patients, neck pain by 59.2% and widespread pain by 21.9%. Multiple binary logistic regression models demonstrated that all the pain measures were significantly associated with VSS‐V and VSS‐A and SF‐36 PCS, but not SF‐36 MCS.DiscussionsMusculoskeletal pain is prevalent in patients with long‐lasting dizziness. The strong associations between pain, VSS, and SF‐36 PCS could result in a self‐sustaining complex condition. The findings imply that in addition to assessing and treating the vestibular symptoms, musculoskeletal symptoms and physical health should be addressed.