bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pyrocarbon Implant for Trapeziometacarpal Arthritis: Mid-term Clinical and Radiological Results
Authors: Ribeiro Elisabete , Ribau Melanie , Ribeiro Juvenália , Varanda Pedro , Rodrigues Luis Filipe 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPyrolytic carbon implants for trapeziometacarpal (TMC) arthritis have been extensively studied, but there is still discrepancy in the literature concerning the mid-term functional results. Our group describes the clinical and radiological results after five years of surgical management of TMC arthritis with Pyrodisk (Integra Life Sciences, Plainsboro, NJ, US). A total of 19 patients (2 males and 17 females) aged 56.45 ± 5.95 (range: 44 to 67) years were reviewed with a mean follow-up of 74.05 ± 14.43 (range: 60.00 to 105.83) months. At the final follow-up, the score on the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain was of 1.76 ± 2.05, the average score on the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) questionnaire was of 22.73 ± 22.33, and all functional parameters were above the 90% barrier of the contralateral side. The progression of radiolucency was 89% at 1 year and 11% at 5 years of follow-up respectively, but it was not related to the clinical outcomes. The prevalence of subluxation (around one-fourth of the center of the implant) was of 24% in asymptomatic patients, and dislocation was not observed. The overall survival of the implant was of 89%. Revision took place in 11% of the cases due to persistent pain and implant breakage after direct impact. More than 75% of the patients were very or highly satisfied with the treatment. In conclusion, Pyrodisk enabled us to obtain good functional mid-term results, with an acceptable survival of the implant and low risk of dislocation. Radiological findings do not necessarily translate into clinical symptoms.
Digital Glomus Tumor: Bibliographic Review of the Studies Published over the Past 10 Years
Authors: Hernández Victoria , Lena Tania , Camacho Eliana , Craviotto Matías 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGlomus tumors are a mostly benign neoplasm that constitutes less than 4% of upper-limb soft-tissue tumors. Its unspecific clinical presentation, added to its low frequency, leads to a late diagnosis.The objective of the present study is to update the clinical-paraclinical approach and the surgical technique used in the treatment.We carried out a literature review from 2014 to 2019 on digital glomus tumor in the hand in adult patients using the PubMed search engine.In most of the publications analyzed, the diagnosis was clinical, with a delay of 1 to 10 years. Plain radiography is the most requested study; of the 16 articles reporting its indication, only half evidenced compatible changes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was requested in 15 articles, presenting normal results in 3 of them. The treatment of choice was surgical excision using a transungual approach. Only 4 articles report recurrence after excision.Although there is diversity in the approach to these tumors, we conclude that the diagnosis is clinical, and the treatment surgical, and there is no consensus regarding the paraclinical indication. The information available comes mainly from case reports, publications that contribute to the generation of evidence for the clinical practice in rare diseases such as this one.
In situ microscopy for plasma erosion of complex surfaces
Authors: Ottaviano Angelica , Thuppul Anirudh , Hayes John , Dodson Chris , Li Gary Z. , Chen Zhitong , Wirz Richard E. 
Published: July 2021

A novel method for the in situ visualization and profilometry of a plasma-facing surface is demonstrated using a long-distance microscope. The technique provides valuable in situ monitoring of the microscopic temporal and morphological evolution of a material surface subject to plasma–surface interactions, such as ion-induced sputter erosion. Focus variation of image stacks enables height surface profilometry, which allows a depth of field beyond the limits associated with high magnification. As a demonstration of this capability, the erosion of a volumetrically featured aluminum foam is quantified during ion-bombardment in a low-temperature argon plasma where the electron temperature is ∼7 eV and the plasma is biased relative to the target surface such that ions impinge at ∼300 eV. Three-dimensional height maps are reconstructed from the images captured with a long-distance microscope with an x–y resolution of 3 × 3 μm2 and a focus-variation resolution based on the motor step-size of 20 μm. The time-resolved height maps show a total surface recession of 730 μm and significant ligament thinning over the course of 330 min of plasma exposure. This technique can be used for developing plasma-facing components for a wide range of plasma devices for applications such as propulsion, manufacturing, hypersonics, and fusion.
Multi-energy reconstructions, central electron temperature measurements, and early detection of the birth and growth of runaway electrons using a versatile soft x-ray pinhole camera at MST
Authors: Delgado-Aparicio L. F. , VanMeter P. , Barbui T. , Chellai O. , Wallace J. , Yamazaki H. , Kojima S. , Almagari A. F. , Hurst N. C. , Chapman B. E. , McCollam K. J. , Den Hartog D. J. , Sarff J. S. , Reusch L. M. , Pablant N. , Hill K. , Bitter M. , Ono M. , Stratton B. , Takase Y. , Luethi B. , Rissi M. , Donath T. , Hofer P. , Pilet N. 
Published: July 2021

A multi-energy soft x-ray pinhole camera has been designed, built, and deployed at the Madison Symmetric Torus to aid the study of particle and thermal transport, as well as MHD stability physics. This novel imaging diagnostic technique employs a pixelated x-ray detector in which the lower energy threshold for photon detection can be adjusted independently on each pixel. The detector of choice is a PILATUS3 100 K with a 450 μm thick silicon sensor and nearly 100 000 pixels sensitive to photon energies between 1.6 and 30 keV. An ensemble of cubic spline smoothing functions has been applied to the line-integrated data for each time-frame and energy-range, obtaining a reduced standard-deviation when compared to that dominated by photon-noise. The multi-energy local emissivity profiles are obtained from a 1D matrix-based Abel-inversion procedure. Central values of Te can be obtained by modeling the slope of the continuum radiation from ratios of the inverted radial emissivity profiles over multiple energy ranges with no a priori assumptions of plasma profiles, magnetic field reconstruction constraints, high-density limitations, or need of shot-to-shot reproducibility. In tokamak plasmas, a novel application has recently been tested for early detection, 1D imaging, and study of the birth, exponential growth, and saturation of runaway electrons at energies comparable to 100 × Te,0; thus, early results are also presented.
Frequency shift algorithm: Design of a baseband phase locked loop for frequency-domain multiplexing readout of x-ray transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters
Authors: van der Hulst Paul , van der Kuur Jan , Nieuwenhuizen Ad , Vaccaro Davide , Akamatsu Hiroki , van Winden Patrick , van Leeuwen Bert-Joost , den Herder Jan-Willem 
Published: July 2021

The Transition-Edge Sensor (TES) is an extremely sensitive device, which is used to measure the energy of individual x-ray photons. For astronomical spectrometry applications, SRON develops a frequency domain multiplexing readout system for kilopixel arrays of such TESs. Each TES is voltage biased at a specific frequency in the range of 1–5 MHz. Isolation between the individual pixels is obtained through very narrow-band (high-Q) lithographic LC resonators. To prevent energy resolution degradation due to intermodulation line noise, the bias frequencies are distributed on a regular grid. The requirements on the accuracy of the LC resonance frequency are very high. The deviation of the resonance frequencies due to production tolerances is significant with respect to the bandwidth, and a controller is necessary to compensate for the LC series impedance. We present two such controllers: a simple orthogonal proportional–integral controller and a more complex impedance estimator. Both controllers operate in baseband and try to make the TES current in-phase with the bias voltage, effectively operating as phase-locked loops. They allow off-LC-resonance operation of the TES pixels while preserving the TES thermal response and energy resolution. Extensive experimental results—published in a companion paper recently—with the proposed methods show that these controllers allow the preservation of single pixel energy resolution in multiplexed operation.
The narrowing of dendrite branches across nodes follows a well-defined scaling law
Authors: Liao Maijia , Liang Xin , Howard Jonathon 
Published: July 2021

SignificanceTo study the systematic variation of dendrite diameters, we established a superresolution method that allows us to resolve dendrite diameters inDrosophilaclass IV dendritic arborization neurons, a model cell for studying branching morphogenesis. Interestingly, the diameters do not follow any of the known scaling laws. We propose a different scaling law that follows from two concepts: Terminal branches have the smallest diameters, whose average is about 230 nm, and there is an incremental increase in cross-sectional area needed to support each additional terminal branch. The law is consistent with the growing dendritic tips making the primary metabolic demand, which is supplied by microtubule-based transport. If the law generalizes to other neurons, it may facilitate segmentation in connectomic studies.
Emergent inequality and business cycles in a simple behavioral macroeconomic model
Authors: Asano Yuki M. , Kolb Jakob J. , Heitzig Jobst , Farmer J. Doyne 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Macroeconomic models play an important role in guiding fiscal and monetary policy. At the core of many of these models is the assumption of a single representative, rational agent. We develop a model that loosens these constraints and explicitly models the social dynamics of households embedded in a social network. In some circumstances this leads to endogenously oscillating economic output resembling business cycles, where households spontaneously become rich or poor. Nonetheless, the production of the economy is close to optimal, even though each household acts myopically. This presents an alternative approach to macroeconomics without using rationality assumptions on households.
Of pumpkin spice lattes and hamplanets
Authors: Signorelli Julia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe present study establishes what comprises the genre ofventingas opposed torantingand how venting functions within the Reddit community Fat People Stories. In this subreddit, users compose either real or fictional narratives describing encounters with people of size who are perceived to exhibit rude behavior. Given the sensitive nature of these discussions, they are often fraught with negative emotional expression, and individuals seek a variety of outlets to release these emotions and find commiseration and diversion. An analytical corpus of 45,867 words across ten posts and corresponding comment sections was gathered and analyzed usingAskehave and Nielsen’s (2005)two-dimensional genre model and supplemented with discourse analysis of the individual texts. As the study explores how venting unfolds in a digitally mediated environment, insights gained can have implications for how humans sort through negative emotions in face-to-face communication, and, more specifically, for discourse surrounding public health and body weight.
Spectral asymptotics of Laplacians associated with a class of higher-dimensional graph-directed self-similar measures
*
Authors: Ngai Sze-Man , Xie Yuanyuan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The spectral dimension of a fractal Laplacian encodes important geometric, analytic, and measure-theoretic information. Unlike standard Laplacians on Euclidean spaces or Riemannian manifolds, the spectral dimension of fractal Laplacians are often non-integral and difficult to compute. The computation is much harder in higher-dimensions. In this paper, we set up a framework for computing the spectral dimension of the Laplacians defined by a class of graph-directed self-similar measures on

R

d

(d ⩾ 2) satisfying the graph open set condition. The main ingredients of this framework include a technique of Naimark and Solomyak and a vector-valued renewal theorem of Lau et al.
Magnetless reflective gyrotropic spatial isolator metasurface
Authors: Lavigne Guillaume , Caloz Christophe 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We present the concept of a magnetless reflective gyrotropic spatial isolator (RGSI) metasurface. This is a birefringent metasurface that reflects vertically polarized incident waves into a horizontally polarized waves, and absorbs horizontally polarized incident waves, hence providing isolation between the two orthogonal polarization. We first synthesize the metasurface using surface susceptibility-based generalized sheet transition conditions. We then propose a mirror-backed metaparticle implementation of this metasurface, where transistor-loaded resonators provide the desired magnetless nonreciprocal response. Finally, we demonstrate the metasurface by full-wave simulation results. The proposed RGSI metasurface may be used in various electromagnetic applications, and may also serve as a step towards more sophisticated magnetless nonreciprocal metasurface systems.
Box filtering for real-time curvature scale-space computation
Authors: Hennig M , Mertsching B 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Curvature scale-space (CSS) analysis is an important technique for contour-based object recognition in digital images. To compute the CSS for a given contour, it is systematically convolved (smoothed) with Gaussians with increasing standard deviation. The convolutions are computationally expensive, especially for large and high resolution contours, but can be approximated using box filtering (also known as mean and average filtering). Together with running sums, the convolutions can be accelerated by 2–3 magnitudes without significant loss of precision. Nonetheless, box filtering has not been systematically investigated in connection with CSS computation. In this work, we present a theoretical and experimental analysis of different box-filtering techniques in this context and conclude which is the most efficient implementation. Based on this, the CSS of a contour can be computed in real time with high precision.
On the selection of an actuating device for a gas-dynamic drive of an object, performing a flat turning maneuver
Authors: Kondratyev A B 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper contains an analysis of the control efficiency influence on the actuating medium supply amount of the gas-dynamic drive of an object, performing a flat turning maneuver, with two different types of actuating devices; it also defines the required momentum impulses. The required momenta are determined depending on the initial position of the object and the time of its transition to the final position. The influence of the actuating device time constant on the control efficiency has been evaluated, and the value of the relative operation speed, at which the engine time constant does not affect the transition time from the initial state to the final one, has been defined.
Aircraft cockpit information field control methodology
Authors: Neretin E S , Lunev E M , Grigoriev N M , Ivanov A S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The work is devoted to the development of a human-machine interface (HMI) of the decision support system for the problem of four-dimensional navigation. As part of the work, the analysis of the functionality of modern flight management systems, which is designed to solve the problem of four-dimensional navigation, was carried out. The problems that arise during flights along the four-dimensional navigation routes are determined, and the insufficiency of the existing functionality of modern flight management systems for solving these problems is substantiated. The paper proposes the functionality of the decision support system as an addition to the functionality of the flight management systems, as well as the organization of the HMI of the decision support system, which provides display of the necessary information for the decision-making process by the crew.
The importance of temporal resolution in modeling deep decarbonization of the electric power sector
Authors: Bistline John E T 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Power sector decarbonization is a central pillar of economy-wide emissions reductions. However, model complexity, especially temporal resolution, can materially impact power sector decarbonization pathways. Using a detailed electric sector capacity planning and dispatch model, this analysis explores impacts of temporal resolution on electric sector investments and costs and how these outcomes vary under different policy and technology assumptions. Results show that approaches to simplify temporal variability used in many integrated assessment and energy system models may not replicate fundamental relationships for power sector decarbonization or may exhibit large quantitative deviations from more detailed modeling, including abatement costs rising nonlinearly at higher decarbonization levels; variable renewables and batteries being accompanied by additional low-/zero-/negative-emissions resources, especially approaching 100% decarbonization; and carbon removal technologies altering electric sector costs and investments. Representative day approaches can preserve many of these properties with large reductions in computational complexity. Simplified temporal aggregation approaches tend to understate the value of broader technological portfolios, firm low-emitting technologies, wind generation, and energy storage resources and can overstate the value of solar generation. Approximation accuracy also depends on assumptions about technological cost and availability: differences across approaches are smaller when carbon removal is available and when renewables costs are lower. The analysis indicates that higher temporal resolution is increasingly important for policy analysis, electric sector planning, and technology valuation in scenarios with deeper decarbonization and higher variable renewables.
Assessing the impact of climate change on soil erosion in East Africa using a convection-permitting climate model
Authors: Chapman Sarah , Birch Cathryn E , Galdos Marcelo V , Pope Edward , Davie Jemma , Bradshaw Catherine , Eze Samuel , Marsham John H 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
East Africa is highly reliant on agriculture and has high rates of soil erosion which negatively impact agricultural yields. Climate projections suggest that rainfall intensity will increase in East Africa, which is likely to increase soil erosion. Soil erosion estimates require information on rainfall erosivity, which is calculated using sub-daily storm characteristics that are known to be biased in traditional parameterized convection climate models. Convection-permitting climate models, which are run at higher resolution to negate the need for convection parameterization, generally better represent rainfall intensity and frequency. We use a novel convection-permitting pan-Africa regional climate model (CP4A) to estimate rainfall erosivity in Tanzania and Malawi, and compare it to its parameterized counterpart (P25), to determine if there is a benefit to using convection-permitting climate models to look at rainfall erosivity. We use eight year historical and end-of-century (RCP8.5) climate simulations to examine the impact of climate change on soil erosion in Tanzania and Malawi based on rainfall erosivity estimates from CP4A and P25 applied to the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation. The effectiveness of soil conservation measures was also evaluated. Rainfall erosivity was lower in P25 than in CP4A and was a poorer match to observational storm characteristics, even after bias-correction. These results suggest that parameterized convection regional and global climate models might under-estimate rainfall erosivity, and the associated soil erosion. We found high values of present day erosion in mountainous regions in Tanzania and Malawi in CP4A. Under climate change, areas at high risk of soil erosion expanded due to increases in rainfall intensity in CP4A. Terracing was less effective at reducing soil erosion risk in the future than in the present day, and more extensive soil management may be required to manage soil erosion and reduce the negative impacts of soil erosion on agriculture.
The impact of film thickness on the properties of ZnO/PVA nanocomposite film
Authors: Khan Shaheer Ahmed , Rahman Ataur , Dafa-Alla Ibrahim Fatima Babiker 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Polymer inorganic nanocomposites are attracting a considerable amount of interest due to their enhanced electrical and optical properties. The inclusion of inorganic nanoparticles into the polymer matrix results in a significant change in the nanocomposite’s properties. With this in mind, we have developed a nanocomposite film based on zinc oxide (ZnO) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) using a solution casting method with varying concentrations of ZnO nano powder in the PVA matrix. The ZnO / PVA film surface morphology was observed by the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The micrographs indicate that ZnO nanoparticles in the PVA matrix are homogeneously distributed. XRD results indicated that the crystallinity of the film was influenced by the interaction of ZnO nanoparticles and the PVA main chain. Crystallinity is also affected by the doping of ZnO nanoparticles in the PVA matrix and it increases when the concentration of ZnO is low and then decreases when the excess concentration of ZnO is present in the PVA matrix. The FTIR transmission spectra confirmed that significant interaction took place between the ZnO nanoparticles and the PVA main chain over the wave number range of 400–4000 cm−1. The UV–vis spectra reveal that the increase in concentration of ZnO nanoparticles in the polymer matrix results in the movement of the absorption edge in the direction of higher wavelength or lower energy associated with the blue/green portion of the visible spectrum. A decrease in the optical energy bandgap is observed with the increase in nano ZnO concentration in the matrix. Thickness has a signifcant affect on the properties of the ZnO/PVA nanocomposite and the morphology, particle size, degree of crystallinity and bandgap of the ZnO/PVA nanocomposite samples were influenced by the thickness of the sample. The optimal thickess of 0.03 mm with a weight percentage of 16.6% (ZnO) and 83.3% (PVA matrix) was selected due to its higher bandgap of 4.22 eV, reduced agglomeration/aggregation and smaller ZnO particle size of 14.23 nm in the matrix. The optimal film can be used in photovoltaic research.