bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation between urinary KIM‐1 and kidney protein expression of p‐ERK following damage in rats exposed to gentamicin or lead acetate
Authors: Ruiz‐Ramirez Carolina , Antaño‐Martinez Alejandro R. , Robles Juvencio , Gallegos‐Corona Marco A. , Gallegos‐Reyes Marco A. , Avila Eva E. , Martinez‐Alfaro Minerva 
Published: August 2021

AbstractKidney injury molecule‐1 (KIM‐1) is a membrane receptor upregulated in the proximal tubule cells following various types of kidney injuries. Notably, studies have suggested a correlation between KIM‐1 expression and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) activation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between the kidney overexpression pattern of cytoplasmic phosphorylated‐ERK (p‐ERK) protein and increased urinary KIM‐1 levels in rats exposed to gentamicin or lead acetate, both at the end of toxic exposure and after a 4‐week recovery period. Although other proteins were evaluated, only kidney overexpression of cytoplasmic p‐ERK protein correlated with increased urinary KIM‐1 levels. For both toxic substances, the increased urinary KIM‐1 levels corresponded with kidney inflammation. Our results suggest that KIM‐1 and p‐ERK share a common mechanism in kidney injury mediated by both toxic substances that induce proximal tubule damage.
A bibliometric analysis of COVID‐19 publications in the ten psychology‐related Web of Science categories in the social science citation index
Authors: Ho Yuh‐Shan , Fu Hui‐Zhen , McKay Dean 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to analyze the characteristics of the COVID‐19 publications in the ten psychology‐related Web of Science categories in the social science citation index 10‐month following the COVID‐19 outbreak.MethodsSix publication indicators were examined across authors, institutions, and countries.ResultsAnalyses showed that the United States has produced the highest number of empirical investigations into the psychological impact of COVID‐19, and the majority of the research across all countries was in clinical and psychopathology. Distribution of journals and psychology‐related Web of Science categories were analyzed. Frequently used words in article title, author keywords, and KeyWords Plus were also presented.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that there are substantial clinical implications associated with COVID‐19. There are recommendations offered for future research and clinical practice.
Population Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Burosumab in Adult and Pediatric Patients With X‐linked Hypophosphatemia
Authors: Lee Sun Ku , Gosselin Nathalie H. , Taylor Julie , Roberts Mary Scott , McKeever Kathleen , Shi Jack 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBurosumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody against fibroblast growth factor 23, which has been approved to treat X‐linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) in adult and pediatric patients. The present work describes the pharmacokinetics (PK) of burosumab and the pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic (PK‐PD) relationship between burosumab and serum phosphorus in adult and pediatric patients with XLH. A total of 2844 measurable serum concentrations of burosumab and 6047 measurable serum concentrations of phosphorus in 277 subjects from 9 clinical studies were included in the population PK and PK‐PD modeling. The serum concentration of burosumab following a subcutaneous administration was well described by a population PK model comprising a first‐order absorption, 1‐compartmental distribution, and a linear elimination. The relationship between serum burosumab and serum phosphorus was adequately described by a sigmoid maximal efficacy model. Body weight was the only covariate associated with PK and PK‐PD parameters. No other intrinsic factors affected PK or PK‐PD relationship in adult and pediatric patients with XLH. Further simulations helped to guide the dosing regimen of burosumab in adult and pediatric patients with XLH including age groups with no clinical data.
Morphological and palynological assessment of some taxa of genus Echinochloa through light and scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Shaheen Shabnum , Sharifi‐Rad Javad , Harun Nidaa , Khan Muhammad Asaf , Ali Muhammad , Khalid Sana , Javad Sumera , Hanif Uzma , Sajjad Sumera , Ahmad Mushtaq , Sonia Romisha , Khan Farah 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe present study was undertaken to gather information on selected species of Echinochloa based on their morphological and palyonological examination through light and scanning electron microscopy. As the Echinochloa species are most problematic grass weeds and exhibit high interspecific and intraspecific variability so due to their great morphological diversity it is difficult to recognize them. A lot of variation was observed in morphological features of studied taxa. In the present study, E. colona had more or less spreading dense racemes whereas in E. crus‐galli racemes were linear to ovate. Upper glume surface was pubescent in E. colona, hispid in E. crus‐galli and spinose in E. walteri. E. colona was comprised of five‐nerved glumes whereas in E. crus‐galli glumes were three‐nerved. Although pollen basic characters in family Poaceae remains consistent but great variation was observed in pollen of studied taxa. The pollen size was quite variable among the species of genus Echinochloa. In polar view, the size of pollen grains ranged from 27.5 (20–35) μm to 40 (30–50) μm. E. crus‐galli was appeared to be the smallest in size whereas E. colona was the largest.). P/E ratio ranged from 0.84 to 1.15 μm among the species. The highest value of pollen fertility was found in E. colona as 93.33% and lowest was in E. crus‐galli as 87.50%. The morphological key of studied taxa is also given to study variations. In conclusion, it was observed that microscopy of morphological and palynological assessment can play a vital role in identification of taxonomically problematic taxa.
Inhibition of the long non‐coding RNA UNC5B‐AS1/miR‐4455/RSPO4 axis reduces cervical cancer growth in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Fu Jian , Zhang Yuanyuan , Wang Min , Hu Junwu , Fang Yuelan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundLong non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are significant regulatory factors for the initiation and development of numerous malignant tumors, including cervical cancer (CC). The expression of lncRNA unc‐5 netrin receptor B antisense RNA 1 (UNC5B‐AS1, also known as UASR1) is up‐regulated in tissues of cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma compared to in normal tissues based on the GEPIA database. In the present study, we explored the functions of UNC5B‐AS1 and its underlying mechanism with respect to CC development.MethodsA real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was applied for the detection of UNC5B‐AS1 expression in CC cells. Cell counting kit‐8, colony formation and transwell assays, as well as western blot and flow cytometry analyses, were employed to detect the biological effects of UNC5B‐AS1 knockdown on malignant phenotypes of CC cells in vitro. In addition, the combination between microRNA‐4455 (miR‐4455) and UNC5B‐AS1 or R‐spondin 4 (RSPO4) was explored by RNA immunoprecipitation, luciferase reporter and RNA pulldown assays. A tumor xenograft nude mice model was established to explore the effect of UNC5B‐AS1 depletion or miR‐4455 overexpression on tumor growth.ResultsUNC5B‐AS1 is up‐regulated in CC tissues and cells. The knockdown of UNC5B‐AS1 inhibits CC cell proliferation, migration and invasion and promotes CC cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, UNC5B‐AS1 binds with miR‐4455 to up‐regulate RSPO4 expression. RSPO4 is targeted by miR‐4455 and its expression is negatively regulated by miR‐4455 expression. In vivo assays revealed that UNC5B‐AS1 depletion or miR‐4455 overexpression inhibits tumor growth by regulating RSPO4 expression.ConclusionsInhibition of UNC5B‐AS1/miR‐4455/RSPO4 reduces CC growth both in vitro and in vivo, furnishing new insights into molecular studies on UNC5B‐AS1 with respect to CC development.
Graph limits: An alternative approach to s‐graphons
Authors: Doležal Martin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe show that s‐convergence of graph sequences is equivalent to the convergence of certain compact sets, called shapes, of Borel probability measures. This result is analogous to the characterization of graphon convergence (with respect to the cut distance) by the convergence of envelopes, due to Doležal, Grebík, Hladký, Rocha, and Rozhoň.
The impact of current strategy using intracardiac echocardiography, lesion index, and minimum substrate ablation on clinical outcomes after catheter ablation procedure for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Kawaji Tetsuma , Aizawa Takanori , Hojo Shun , Kushiyama Akihiro , Yaku Hidenori , Nakatsuma Kenji , Kaneda Kazuhisa , Kato Masashi , Yokomatsu Takafumi , Miki Shinji 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeWe developed the intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) technique to minimize radiation exposure and other recent technology during ablation procedure for atrial fibrillation (AF). The aim of this study was to validate the impact of the current strategy using the recent technology for AF ablation on outcomes after procedure.MethodsWe evaluated the safety and efficacy of the current strategy in consecutive set of patients undergoing first‐time ablation for AF (N = 233) compared with the conventional strategy in earlier consecutive set of patients (N = 223). The current strategy included the technique of ICE to reduce radiation exposure, Ablation Index®‐guided pulmonary veins isolation, and minimum substrate ablation targeting only for induced AF. Outcome measures were radiation exposure, procedure time, in‐hospital adverse outcomes, and event‐free survival from tachyarrhythmias.ResultsPuncture‐to‐ablation time was slightly, but significantly increased in the current strategy than in the conventional strategy (48.0 minutes vs 44.7 minutes, P = .002), although total procedure time was significantly decreased in the current strategy (143.9 minutes vs 156.9 minutes, P < .001). Likewise, radiation time and absorbed dose were significantly decreased in the current strategy (9.8 minutes vs 38.8 minutes, P < .001; 102.3 mGy vs 490.5 mGy, P < .001). The incidence of overall in‐hospital adverse outcomes was 3.9% in the current strategy and each complication rate was comparable with the conventional protocol. The event‐free survival from recurrent atrial tachyarrhythmias was not significantly different between two groups (72.3% vs 77.1% at 2‐year, P = .32).ConclusionThe current strategy using the recent technology with ICE, lesion index, and minimum substrate ablation was feasible and reduced total procedure time and radiation exposure. However, the arrhythmia‐free survival could not be improved.
Potent antifungal agents and use of nanocarriers to improve delivery to the infected site: A systematic review
Authors: Nagaraj Saraswathi , Manivannan Sivakami , Narayan Shoba 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThere are four major classes of antifungals with the predominant mechanism of action being targeting of cell wall or cell membrane. As in other drugs, low solubility of these compounds has led to low bioavailability in target tissues. Enhanced drug dosages have effects such as toxicity, drug–drug interactions, and increased drug resistance by fungi. This article reviews the current state‐of‐the‐art of antifungals, structure, mechanism of action, other usages, and toxic side effects. The emergence of nanoformulations to transport and uniformly release cargo at the target site is a boon in antifungal treatment. The article details research that lead to the development of nanoformulations of antifungals and potential advantages and avoidance of the lacunae characterizing conventional drugs. A range of nanoformulations based on liposomes, polymers are in various stages of research and their potential advantages have been brought out. It could be observed that under similar dosages, test models, and duration, nanoformulations provided enhanced activity, reduced toxicity, higher uptake and higher immunostimulatory effects. In most instances, the mechanism of antifungal activity of nanoformulations was similar to that of regular antifungal. There are possibilities of coupling multiple antifungals on the same nano‐platform. Increased activity coupled with multiple mechanisms of action presents for nanoformulations a tremendous opportunity to overcome antifungal resistance. In the years to come, robust methods for the preparation of nanoformulations taking into account the repeatability and reproducibility in action, furthering the studies on nanoformulation toxicity and studies of human models are required before extensive use of nanoformulations as a prescribed drug.
Saliva, a bodily fluid with recognized and potential diagnostic applications
Authors: Boroumand Mozhgan , Olianas Alessandra , Cabras Tiziana , Manconi Barbara , Fanni Daniela , Faa Gavino , Desiderio Claudia , Messana Irene , Castagnola Massimo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHuman whole saliva is a bodily fluid that can be obtained easily by noninvasive techniques. Specimens can be collected by the patient also at home in order to monitor health status and variations of several analytes of clinical interest. The contributions to whole saliva include secretions from salivary glands and, among others, from the gingival crevicular fluid that derives from the epithelial mucosa. Therefore, saliva is currently a relevant diagnostic fluid for many substances, including steroids, nonpeptide hormones, therapeutic drugs, and drugs of abuse. This review at first briefly describes the different contributions to whole saliva. A section illustrates the procedures for the collection, handling, and storage of salivary specimens. Another section describes the present use of whole saliva for diagnostic purposes and its specific utilization for the diagnosis of several local and systemic diseases. The final sections illustrate the future opportunities offered by various not conventional techniques with a focus on the most recent –omic investigations. It describes the various issues that have to be taken into account to avoid false positives and negatives, such as the strength of the experimental plan, the adequacy of the number of samples under study, and the proper choice of controls.
Separation and determination of 3‐hydroxyaspartate by online concentration capillary electrophoresis/laser‐induced fluorescence with microwave‐assisted derivatization
Authors: Liu Mingxia , Chen Lixia , Li Xiangjun , Meng Jinghua , Bai Yu , Liu Huwei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA chiral analytical method was proposed based on capillary electrophoresis with laser‐induced fluorescence detection coupled with microwave‐assisted derivatization for the simultaneous baseline separation and sensitive detection of four stereoisomers of 3‐hydroxyaspartate. The derivatization reaction of 3‐hydroxyaspartate with 4‐chloro‐7‐nitrobenzo‐2‐oxa‐1,3‐diazole was greatly accelerated by microwave irradiation. Under the optimized conditions, the derivatization yield was increased by 20% and the derivatization time was shortened by 20 min when compared with those from conventional water bath heating. In addition, the sensitivity was improved by online sample concentration methods. The detection limit of l‐threo‐3‐hydroxyaspartate obtained by large‐volume sample stacking with polarity switching was 5.3 nmol/L, which was around 1000‐fold lower than that of the capillary electrophoresis/laser‐induced fluorescence without stacking. The excellent analytical performance in terms of linearity and precision was also achieved. Furthermore, the developed method was successfully applied to the determination of 3‐hydroxyaspartate in the spiked urine, and satisfactory recoveries were obtained ranging from 90.5 to 107.0%.
Synthesis, enantioseparation, and absolute configuration assignment of iminoflavans by chiral high‐performance liquid chromatography combined with online chiroptical detection
Authors: Rebizi Mohamed Nadjib , Sekkoum Khaled , Petri Antonella , Pescitelli Gennaro , Belboukhari Nasser 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFour racemic iminoflavan derivatives were synthesized by simple condensation at C‐4 position of flavanone. All new compounds were characterized by using ultraviolet‐visible, infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic techniques. A chiral chromatographic analysis of racemic mixtures was performed by direct chiral high‐performance liquid chromatography using Chiralcel® OD‐H as chiral stationary phase, and online‐coupled with electronic circular dichroism detector. The correlation of experimental electronic circular dichroism traces with quantum chemical electronic circular dichroism calculations run with time‐dependent density functional theory made it possible to elucidate the absolute configuration for each enantiomer, and to establish the elution order.
Partial replacement of soybean meal with red gram and lentil as vegetable proteins in limited ingredients homemade diets for pet dogs
Authors: Pattanaik Ashok Kumar , Kore Kumar Baburao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAs part of the efforts to look for new feed resources, an experiment was conducted to ascertain the effects of replacing part of the soybean meal protein with red gram and lentil on the nutritional profile of dogs as influenced by the frequency of feeding. Fifteen adult Spitz dogs were divided into three equal groups and fed three diets containing soybean meal (SBM) alone or in combination with red gram (RGM) and lentil (LTL) as the protein sources. The entire study duration of 10 weeks was divided into two equal periods wherein the dogs were fed either twice or once daily. Results indicated that the food intake was similar (P > 0.05) among the three groups, irrespective of the frequency of feeding. The digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and carbohydrates were higher (P < 0.05) in the LTL group when the dogs were fed twice daily. However, the digestibility of nutrients remained similar (P > 0.05) when the dogs were fed once daily except for crude fiber digestibility, which was found higher (P < 0.05) in the LTL group. The fecal quality data indicated a lower (P < 0.05) pH accompanying higher water content in dogs under the RGM group. The blood metabolites measured at three different periods during the study did not vary (P > 0.05) among the dietary groups. It is concluded that both red gram and lentil could effectively replace a part (50%) of the soybean meal protein without any adverse effects on the nutrient utilization and metabolic profile of dogs. Moreover, based on the results, lentil appears to have the edge over red gram as a potential vegetable protein source when used in the diet of dogs.
Fabrication of Hollow Polyimide Microspheres with Controllable Sizes
Authors: Luo Yinfu , Ni Long , Zhang Cheng , Yan Liwei , Zou Huawei , Zhou Shengtai , Liang Mei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLightweight and excellent thermal stability hollow polyimide (PI) microspheres play an important role in high‐end engineering applications such as aerospace, marine use among others. Herein, a simple approach is proposed to scalable fabrication of hollow PI microspheres with controllable sizes by powder foaming method combined with gradient heating strategy. The diameter of PI microspheres ranges from 295.5 to 1479.6 µm with a wall thickness of ≈7.78 µm. Interestingly, the diameter of PI microspheres exhibits a good correlation with the size of polyester ammonium salt (PEAS) particles. The hollow PI microspheres demonstrate excellent heat resistance with a bulk density ranging from 56.9 to 132.2 kg m–3. Furthermore, PI microspheres could be readily converted into carbon microspheres without destroying their original integrity, which shows potential applications in preparing multifunctional composites. The proposed method is easily scalable which can be adopted to fabricate hollow PI microspheres at large quantities for industrial applications.
Risk Disclosure in Prodromal Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Schaeffer Eva , Toedt Inken , Köhler Susanne , Rogge Annette , Berg Daniela 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundImpressive progress in the understanding of the prodromal phase of Parkinson's disease (PD) in recent years has enabled the generation of disease prediction models. However, a remaining diagnostic uncertainty and lack of therapeutic options for affected individuals has resulted in a variety of ethical issues that have not to date been addressed sufficiently. Moreover, differences in the specificity of prodromal symptoms and possible subtypes of PD, especially the presence of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD), may have an important impact on prognostic counseling.ObjectivesTo derive a guideline for risk disclosure in prodromal PD based on the current literature and expert opinion.MethodsWe performed (1) a literature review on prognostic counseling in PD and (2) consulted with international experts on prodromal PD using a semi‐structured questionnaire based on a Delphi approach to evaluate recommendations for risk disclosure in PD.ResultsThe literature research revealed only 11 publications addressing prognostic counseling, with only two studies directly addressing affected individuals and most studies focusing on risk disclosure in RBD. The expert survey revealed the importance of distinguishing between individuals with and without RBD in prognostic counseling.ConclusionsBased on the current literature and expert recommendations, a guideline for risk disclosure in prodromal PD for clinical care and research could be elaborated. Prognostic counseling should include differentiation between individuals with and without RBD, taking into account the high uncertainty of risk calculation in RBD‐negative prodromal PD. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Mapping gradient nonlinearity and miscalibration using diffusion‐weighted MR images of a uniform isotropic phantom
Authors: Barnett Alan Seth , Irfanoglu M. Okan , Landman Bennett , Rogers Baxter , Pierpaoli Carlo 
Published: August 2021

PurposeTo use diffusion measurements to map the spatial dependence of the magnetic field produced by the gradient coils of an MRI scanner with sufficient accuracy to correct errors in quantitative diffusion MRI (DMRI) caused by gradient nonlinearity and gradient amplifier miscalibration.Theory and MethodsThe field produced by the gradient coils is expanded in regular solid harmonics. The expansion coefficients are found by fitting a model to a minimum set of diffusion‐weighted images of an isotropic diffusion phantom. The accuracy of the resulting gradient coil field maps is evaluated by using them to compute corrected b‐matrices that are then used to process a multi‐shell diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) dataset with 32 diffusion directions per shell.ResultsThe method substantially reduces both the spatial inhomogeneity of the computed mean diffusivities (MD) and the computed values of the fractional anisotropy (FA), as well as virtually eliminating any artifactual directional bias in the tensor field secondary to gradient nonlinearity. When a small scaling miscalibration was purposely introduced in the x, y, and z, the method accurately detected the amount of miscalibration on each gradient axis.ConclusionThe method presented detects and corrects the effects of gradient nonlinearity and gradient gain miscalibration using a simple isotropic diffusion phantom. The correction would improve the accuracy of DMRI measurements in the brain and other organs for both DTI and higher order diffusion analysis. In particular, it would allow calibration of MRI systems, improving data harmony in multicenter studies.