bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of benthic diatoms on the textures of carbonate-coated grains from a fluvial tufa spring in northern California
Authors: Boelts Hannah P. , Ibarra Yadira , Hayzelden Clive 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTDiatoms are common in terrestrial freshwater carbonate environments, but their influence on the resulting carbonate texture and porosity remains unquantified. This study investigates the effect of diatoms on the textural variability and syndepositional porosity of spring-associated carbonate coated grains from a freshwater spring in Henry Cowell State Park, northern California, USA. Carbonate coated grains (n = 60) were collected from the distal-most pool of the spring (∼ 300 m from the spring source) and the porosity of the 1 cm diameter fraction (n = 20) was determined using the ImageJ software by adjusting the threshold size for pores &gt; 1000 μm2. Results reveal a strong positive correlation between the number of pores and the number of diatoms examined in each coated grain (r = 0.77). There is a moderate positive relationship between the length of the largest diatom and the minor-axis diameter of a best-fit ellipse of its corresponding pore (r = 0.60). The total pore area for pores associated with at least one diatom was significantly greater than the total pore area of pores that did not enclose diatom frustules (t = 1.80, p &lt; 0.05). Textural observations show that fine-grained laminated textures contain fewer diatoms than the porous textures, suggesting that diatoms disrupt lamination continuity by introducing pore space. These findings have implications for the influence of diatoms on the syndepositional porosity of carbonate rocks from the Cretaceous to Recent and may help explain textural differences between modern marine carbonate microbialites and their Precambrian counterparts.
“The impact of coronavirus outbreak on breastfeeding guidelines among Brazilian hospitals and maternity services: a cross-sectional study”
Authors: Gonçalves-Ferri Walusa Assad , Pereira-Cellini Fábia Martins , Coca Kelly Pereira , Aragon Davi Casale , Nader Paulo de Jesus Hartmann , Lyra João Cesar , Vale Maryneia Silva do , Marba Sérgio Tadeu Martins , Araujo Katiaci Janice Chaves , Dias Laura de Fátima Afonso , Ferreira Daniela Marques de Lima Mota , Nieto Gislayne Souza , Anchieta Lêni Marcia , Silveira Rita de Cássia , de Moura Marta David Rocha , Calil Valdenise Martins L. Tuma , Moraes Viviane Christina Cortez , de Almeida João Henrique Carvalho Leme , Magalhães Maurício , Soncini Thaise Cristina Brancher , Javorsky Juliane Barleta , Ribeiro Érica Lobato Acaui , Ferreira Rodrigo , de Almeida Louise Dantas Cavalcante , Garbers Rosângela , Faria Gabriella Maset da Silva , Roosch Anelise , de Mesquita Ana Ruth Antunes , Pinto Rebecca Meirelles de Oliveira 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Recommended by the World Health Organization, exclusive breastfeeding is a safe source of nutrition available for children in most humanitarian emergencies, as in the current pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Despite the Brazilian national Guideline protecting breastfeeding practice, there are many concerns about protecting babies from their infected mothers. This study aimed to analyze how the Brazilian hospitals and maternity services promote and support mothers suspected or diagnosed with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional and multicenter study collecting data from 24 Brazilian hospitals and maternity services from March to July 2020. Representatives of the institutions completed a questionnaire based on acts to promote and support breastfeeding, Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative, and Brazil’s federal law recommendations.Results: The results showed that in delivery rooms, 98.5% of the services prohibited immediate and uninterrupted skin-to-skin contact and companions for the mother and did not support mothers to initiate breastfeeding in the first hour. In rooming-in, 98.5% of the services allowed breastfeeding and recommend care for babies following the respiratory hygiene practices to prevent transmission of COVID-19 and whether companions are forbidden (83.3%). Hospital discharge was mostly early (79.1%); the guidelines were not individualized. Additionally, a lack of support was noticed from the health community network in the home environment (83.3%). Hospital and home breast pumping were allowed (87.5%), but breast milk donation was not accepted (95.8%). Conclusions: In Brazil, the hospitals are not able to approach recommendations to protect, promote, and support breastfeeding properly during the COVID-19 outbreak. The scientific community needs to discuss how to improve maternal and baby care services to protect breastfeeding in the current pandemic.
Research on Cluster Overlap and Non-overlap Region for 5G-IoV Networks with NOMA
Authors: Gu Jinyuan , Zhang Guoan , Lv Haibin , Duan Wei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
As a multi hop self-organizing network, wireless sensor network (WSN) has the ability to cooperatively sense, collect and process the information of the sensed objects. The applications of WCN in 5G-based Internet of Vehicles (5G-IoV), using information fusion and intelligent information processing technologies, can obtain more reliable and accurate detection parameters, which has been widely concerned. However, the massive connectivity and information exchange in 5G-IoV pose great challenges to the bandwidth efficiency. In order to overcome these issues in 5G-IoV networks, a performance enhanced scheme based on non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is proposed. In the proposed scheme, different vehicle locations are respectively discussed, i.e., whether in the overlap region of cluster head vehicles (CHVs). In particular, different to conventional works, each receiving node only decodes the desired signal to avoid performance loss provided from the poor channel quality limitation. On the other hand, all CHVs decode-and-forward (DF) new superposition coded signals with new power allocation factors, while that the maximum ratio combining (MRC) is utilized at receivers to further improve the ergodic sum-rate (SR) and probability of conflict. The closed-form expressions of ergodic SR for our proposed scheme are analyzed under the independent Rayleigh fading channels. Numerical results corroborating our theoretical analysis show that the superposition coded signal transmission scheme applied to the proposed NOMA-IoV improves the ergodic SR performance significantly compared with the existing works, especially for the high signal-to-noise (SNR) region.
Independent association of atherogenic dyslipidaemia with all-cause mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes and modifying effect of gender: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Orsi Emanuela , Penno Giuseppe , Solini Anna , Bonora Enzo , Fondelli Cecilia , Trevisan Roberto , Vedovato Monica , Cavalot Franco , Morano Susanna , Baroni Marco Giorgio , Nicolucci Antonio , Pugliese Giuseppe 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background. Atherogenic dyslipidaemia has been implicated in the residual risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, which remains despite attainment of LDL cholesterol goals especially in individuals with type 2 diabetes. However, its relationship with all-cause death has not been sufficiently explored. This analysis evaluated the independent association of increased triglycerides and triglyceride:HDL cholesterol ratio (TG:HDL) and decreased HDL cholesterol with total mortality and the possible modifying effect of gender in a large cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods. This observational, prospective study enrolled 15,773 patients in 19 Diabetes Clinics throughout Italy in the years 2006-2008. Triglycerides and total and HDL cholesterol were measured by colorimetric enzymatic methods. Vital status was retrieved on 31 October 2015 for 15,656 patients (99.3%). Participants were stratified by quartiles of triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and TG:HDL.Results. There were 3,602 deaths over a follow-up 7.42±2.05 years (31.0 x 1,000 person-years). In the unadjusted analyses, the highest TG:HDL (but not triglyceride) and the lowest HDL cholesterol quartile were associated with increased death rate and mortality risk. When sequentially adjusting for confounders, including total, LDL, or non-HDL cholesterol and lipid-lowering treatment, mortality risk was significantly higher in the highest triglyceride (hazard ratio 1.167 [95% confidence interval 1.055-1.291], p=0.003) and TG:HDL (1.192 [1.082-1.314], p<0.0001) and the lowest HDL cholesterol (1.232 [1.117-1.360], p<0.0001) quartile, though the association of triglycerides and HDL cholesterol disappeared after further adjustment for each other. Interaction with gender was significant only for HDL cholesterol (p=0.0009). The relationship with death was stronger for triglycerides in males and HDL cholesterol in females, with these associations remaining significant even after adjustment for HDL cholesterol (1.161 [1.019-1.324], p=0.025, for the highest vs the lowest triglyceride quartile) and triglycerides (1.366 [1.176-1.587], p<0.0001, for the lowest vs the highest HDL cholesterol quartile).Conclusions. In patients with type 2 diabetes, higher triglycerides and TG:HDL and lower HDL cholesterol were independently associated with increased all-cause mortality, with a modifying effect of gender for triglycerides and HDL cholesterol. These data suggest that atherogenic dyslipidaemia, especially TG:HDL, may serve as predictor of all-cause death in these individuals.
Observation of fractional spin textures and bulk-boundary correspondence
Authors: Parkin Stuart , Jena Jagannath , Göbel Börge , Hirosawa Tomoki , Díaz Sebastián , Hinokihara Taichi , Kumar Vivek , Mertig Ingrid , Felser Claudia , Loss Daniel 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Recently a zoology of non-collinear chiral spin textures has been discovered, most of which, such as skyrmions and antiskyrmions, have integer topological charges that provides them with enhanced stability. Here we report the experimental real-space observation of the formation and stability of fractional antiskyrmions and fractional elliptical skyrmions in a Heusler material. These fractional objects appear, over a wide range of temperature and magnetic field, at the edges of a sample, whose interior is occupied by an array of nano-objects with integer topological charges, in agreement with our simulations. We explore the evolution of these objects in the presence of magnetic fields and show their interconversion to objects with integer topological charges. This means the topological charge can be varied continuously. These fractional spin textures are not just another type of skyrmion, but are essentially a new state of matter that emerges and lives only at the boundary of a magnetic system. Moreover, they form the basis for topological quantum effects arising from the magnonic excitations around a skyrmion lattice. The coexistence of both integer and fractionally charged spin textures in the same material makes the Heusler family of compounds unique for the manipulation of the real-space topology of spin textures and thus an exciting platform especially for the future exploration of the magnonic bulk-boundary correspondence.
Pulmonary Function and Chest CT in Patients Recovering From COVID-19 Pneumonia
Authors: Zhang Jiaying , Yang Xinmiao , Wu Xiuzhi , Gao Lijuan , Meng Fankun , Sun Bing 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: COVID-19 is a new and highly contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, there is a paucity of data regarding long-term CT findings and pulmonary function in COVID-19 survivors. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of COVID-19 pneumonia on pulmonary function and chest high-resolution computed tomography (CT) in convalescent patients. Methods: A retrospective study of COVID-19 pneumonia patients in the Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, was conducted. Serial assessments, including pulmonary volumes (TLC), spirometry (VC, FVC, FEV1), pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO, DLCO/VA), and chest high-resolution CT were collected 3 months after discharge. Results: Forty-six patients completed the serial assessments. There were 38 non-severe and 8 severe cases. Abnormalities were detected in pulmonary function tests in 17 patients (37.8%). One (2.2%), 2 (4.3%), and 17 (37.8%) patients had FEV1/FVC ratio, TLC, and DLCO values less than 80% of predicted values, respectively. Twenty-eight patients (60.9%) had abnormal CT findings. Compared with patients with non-severe disease, those with severe disease had higher chest CT scores but a similar incidence of DLCO impairment. Similarly, patients who received glucocorticoids had higher chest CT scores but a similar incidence of DLCO impairment than those in the nonglucocorticoid group. Conclusions: Three months after discharge from the hospital, impaired diffusing capacity and CT abnormalities were detected in more than one third of COVID-19 patients. Compared with patients with non-severe disease, those with severe illness had a higher incidence of lung imaging abnormalities and similar lung function impairment.
Consultations With Health Care Providers and Use of Self-management Strategies for Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19 Related Symptoms. A Population Based Cross-sectional Study in Norway, Sweden and the Netherlands
Authors: Kristoffersen Agnete , Werf Esther van der , Stub Trine , Musial Frauke , Wider Barbara , Jong Miek , Wode Kathrin , Danell Jenny-Ann , Busch Martine , Hoenders H.J. Rogier , Nordberg Johanna 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe present study was initiated to determine consultations with health care providers and use of self-management strategies such as herbal remedies, dietary supplements and self-help techniques for prevention and treatment of COVID-19 related symptoms in countries with a full lockdown (Norway), a partial (’intelligent’) lockdown (the Netherlands) and no lockdown (Sweden) during the first three months of the COVID-19 pandemic, and if such use correlates with worries of being infected by COVID-19 disease. MethodsData were collected in collaboration with the global marketing company Ipsos A/S in April-June 2020 during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. An adapted version of the I-CAM-Q was used and the categories “for prevention of COVID-19” and “to treat COVID-19-related symptoms” added to the original “reasons for use” options. Data were collected among a representative sample in Norway, Sweden and the Netherlands using data assisted telephone interviews (Norway, n=990 and Sweden, n=500), and an online survey (the Netherlands, n=1004). Total response rate was 30%. ResultsOnly a very small number of people in any of the three countries consulted a health care provider with the intention to treat or prevent COVID-19 (1.2% and 1.0% respectively) with medical doctors mostly visited (1.0% and 0.9%). Similarly, the use of self-management strategies to prevent or treat COVID-19 was low (3.4% and 0.2% respectively); most commonly used were vitamins and minerals (2.8%) for prevention of COVID-19, primarily vitamin C (1.7%), vitamin D (0.9%), and multivitamins (0.5%). Consultations with health care providers and use of self-management strategies for prevention of COVID-19 were positively associated with worries of being infected with COVID-19. No such associations were found for worries about loved ones or the perception that COVID-19 is more dangerous than ordinary influenza. ConclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic does not seem to have evoked a large-scale difference in behaviour related to consultations with health care providers or the use of self-management strategies such as dietary supplements and self-help techniques in any of the three countries, despite different containment and mitigation measures.
Simulated Ventilation of two Patients with a Single Ventilator in a Pandemic Setting
Authors: Schepat Pascal , Kober Benjamin , Eble Martin , Wenzel Volker , Herff Holger 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Simultaneous ventilation of two patients, e.g. due to a shortage of ventilators in a pandemic, may result in hypoventilation in one patient and hyperinflation in the other patient. Methods: In a simulation of double patient ventilation using artificial lungs with equal compliances (70mL∙mbar-1), we tried to voluntarily direct gas flow to one patient by using 3D-printed y-adapters and stenosis adapters during volume-, and pressure-controlled ventilation. Subsequently, we modified the model using a special one-way valve on the limited flow side and measured in pressure-controlled ventilation with the flow sensor adjusted to either side in a second and third setup. In the last setup, we also measured with different lung compliances.Results: Volume- or pressure-controlled ventilation using standard connection tubes with the same compliance in each lung resulted in comparable minute volumes in both lungs, even if one side was obstructed to 3mm (6.6±0.2vs.6.5±0.1L for volume-controlled ventilation, p=.25 continuous severe alarm and 7.4±0.1vs.6.1±0.1L for pressure-controlled ventilation, p=.02 no alarm). In the second setup, pressure-controlled ventilation resulted at 3mm flow limitation in minute ventilation of 9.4±0.3vs3.5±0.1L∙min-1, p=.001. In a third setup using the special one-way valve and the flow sensor on the unobstructed side, pressure-controlled ventilation resulted at 3mm flow limitation in minute ventilation of 7.4±0.2vs3±0L∙min-1, at the compliance of 70mL∙mbar-1 for both lungs, 7.2±0vs4.1±0L∙ min-1, at the compliances of 50 vs. 70mL∙mbar-1, and 7.2±0.2vs5.7±0L∙ min-1, at the compliance of 30 vs. 70mL∙mbar-1 (all p=.001).Conclusions: Overriding a modern intensive care ventilator's safety features are possible, thereby ventilating two lungs with one ventilator simultaneously in a laboratory simulation using 3D-printed y-adapters. Directing tidal volumes in different pulmonary conditions towards one lung using 3D-printed flow limiters with diameters <6mm was also possible. While this ventilation setting was technically feasible in a bench model, it would be volatile, if not dangerous in a clinical situation.
‘Colorful’ Polyline Grain Boundaries in Two-dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
Authors: Yu Maolin , Zhu Chao , He Yongmin , Zhou Jiadong , Xu Ying , Liu Zheng , Guo Wanlin , Zhang Zhuhua 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Grain boundaries (GBs) are vital to crystal materials and their applications. Although the GBs in bulk and two-dimensional materials have been extensively studied, the polyline GBs prevalently forming in transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers by a sequence of folded segments remain a mystery. We visualize the large-area distribution of the polyline GBs in MoSe2 monolayers by means of a strain mapping method and unravel their structural origin using ab initio calculations combined with high-resolution atomic characterizations. Unlike normal GBs in two-dimensional materials with one type of dislocation cores, the polyline GBs consist of two basic elements—4|8 and 4|4|8 cores, whose alloying results in structural diversity and distinctly high stability due to relieved stress fields nearby. The defective polygons can uniquely migrate along the polyline GBs via the movement of single molybdenum atoms, unobtrusively giving the GBs their chameleon-like ‘colorful’ appearances. Furthermore, the polyline GBs can achieve useful functionalities such as intrinsic magnetism and highly active electrocatalysis.
Prevalence and Correlates of Vision Impairment and Its Association With Cognitive Impairment Among Older Adults in India: An Epidemiological Study
Authors: T Muhammad , Drishti Drishti , Srivast Shobhit 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundLike other major chronic diseases, vision impairment is an independently associated risk factor of cognitive decline among older individuals. We in this study, aim to investigate what are the predictors of vision impairment in old age and how impaired vision is associated with cognitive impairment among the aging population.MethodsThe present research used data from Building a Knowledge Base on Population Aging in India. The effective sample size for the present study was 9541 older adults. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis was used to find the preliminary results. Further, binary logistic regression analysis was been done to fulfil the objective of the study.ResultsAbout 6 in every 10 older adults had a problem of vision impairment. Further, nearly 60% of older adults had cognitive impairment in India. Diabetes [OR: 1.55, CI: 1.32-1.81], hypertension [OR: 1.60, CI: 1.42-1.80], heart disease [OR: 1.43, CI: 1.16-1.76] and cataract [OR: 5.97, CI: 4.83-7.38] were the risk factors for vision impairment among older adults. It was revealed that the older adults who had vision impairment were 11% significantly more likely to have cognitive impairment when compared with the older adults who do not suffer from vision impairment [OR: 1.11, CI: 1.01-1.23]. Low psychological health [OR: 1.55; CI: 1.36, 1.77], low ADL [OR: 1.80; CI: 1.43, 2.27], low IADL [OR: 1.26; CI: 1.14, 1.40], poor self-rated health [OR: 1.28; CI: 1.15-1.41] and chronic morbidity [OR: 1.27; CI: 1.14, 1.41] were the significant factors for cognitive impairment among older adults in IndiaConclusionsAdditional efforts in terms of advocacy, availability, affordability, and accessibility especially in a country with a greater illiteracy rate are mandatory to increase the reach of eye-care services and reduce the prevalence of avoidable visual impairment and vision losses that lead to cognitive deficits among the older population.