bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loss of Id3 (Inhibitor of Differentiation 3) Increases the Number of IgM-Producing B-1b Cells in Ischemic Skeletal Muscle Impairing Blood Flow Recovery During Hindlimb Ischemia
Authors: Osinski Victoria , Srikakulapu Prasad , Haider Young Min , Marshall Melissa A. , Ganta Vijay C. , Annex Brian H. , McNamara Coleen A. 
Published: November 2021

Objective:
Neovascularization can maintain and even improve tissue perfusion in the setting of limb ischemia during peripheral artery disease. The molecular and cellular mechanisms mediating this process are incompletely understood. We investigate the potential role(s) for Id3 (inhibitor of differentiation 3) in regulating blood flow in a murine model of hindlimb ischemia (HLI).

Approach and Results:

HLI was modeled through femoral artery ligation and resection and blood flow recovery was quantified by laser Doppler perfusion imaging. Mice with global Id3 deletion had significantly impaired perfusion recovery at 14 and 21 days of HLI. Endothelial- or myeloid cell-specific deletion of Id3 revealed no effect on perfusion recovery while B-cell–specific knockout of Id3 (Id3
BKO
) revealed a significant attenuation of perfusion recovery. Flow cytometry revealed no differences in ischemia-induced T cells or myeloid cell numbers at 7 days of HLI, yet there was a significant increase in B-1b cells in Id3
BKO
. Consistent with these findings, ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoassay) demonstrated increases in skeletal muscle and plasma IgM. In vitro experiments demonstrated reduced proliferation and increased cell death when endothelial cells were treated with conditioned media from IgM-producing B-1b cells and tibialis anterior muscles in Id3
BKO
mice showed reduced density of total CD31
+
and αSMA
+
CD31
+
vessels.

Conclusions:
This study is the first to demonstrate a role for B-cell–specific Id3 in maintaining blood flow recovery during HLI. Results suggest a role for Id3 in promoting blood flow during HLI and limiting IgM-expressing B-1b cell expansion. These findings present new mechanisms to investigate in peripheral artery disease pathogenesis.
Variability of the Plasma Lipidome and Subclinical Coronary Atherosclerosis
Authors: Tan Sock Hwee , Koh Hiromi W.L. , Chua Jing Yi , Burla Bo , Ong Ching Ching , Teo Li San Lynette , Yang Xiaoxun , Benke Peter I. , Choi Hyungwon , Torta Federico , Richards A. Mark , Wenk Markus R. , Chan Mark Y. 
Published: November 2021

Objective:
While the risk of acute coronary events has been associated with biological variability of circulating cholesterol, the association with variability of other atherogenic lipids remains less understood. We evaluated the longitudinal variability of 284 lipids and investigated their association with asymptomatic coronary atherosclerosis.

Approach and Results:

Circulating lipids were extracted from fasting blood samples of 83 community-sampled symptom-free participants (age 41–75 years), collected longitudinally over 6 months. Three types of coronary plaque volume (calcified, lipid-rich, and fibrotic) were quantified using computed tomography coronary angiogram. We first deconvoluted between-subject (CV
g
) and within-subject (CV
w
) lipid variabilities. We then tested whether the mean lipid abundance was different across groups categorized by Framingham risk score and plaques phenotypes (lipid-rich, fibrotic, and calcified). Finally, we investigated whether visit-to-visit variability of each lipid was associated with plaque burden. Most lipids (72.5%) exhibited higher CV
g
than CV
w
. Among the lipids (n=145) with 1.2-fold higher CV
g
than CV
w
, 26 species including glycerides and ceramides were significantly associated with Framingham risk score and the 3 plaque phenotypes (false discovery rate <0.05). In an exploratory analysis of person-specific visit-to-visit variability without multiple testing correction, high variability of 3 lysophospholipids (lysophosphatidylethanolamines 16:0, 18:0, and lysophosphatidylcholine O-18:1) was associated with lipid-rich and fibrotic (noncalcified) plaque volume while high variability of diacylglycerol 18:1_20:0, triacylglycerols 52:2, 52:3, and 52:4, ceramide d18:0/20:0, dihexosylceramide d18:1/16:0, and sphingomyelin 36:3 was associated with calcified plaque volume.

Conclusions:
High person-specific longitudinal variation of specific nonsterol lipids is associated with the burden of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis. Larger studies are needed to confirm these exploratory findings.
Lentils Beyond the Veil
Authors: Richardson Elsa 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOn 15 July 1908The Timesadvertised a talk on ‘personal experiences in spirit-photography and the scientific aspect of spiritualism’, due to take place that night at the Eustace Miles Restaurant. Attendees could look forward to not only ‘exhibitions of spirit writing’, but also to enjoying a ‘flesh-free’ meal afterwards. This entertainment speaks to confluence of spiritualist belief and vegetarian ideals that was played out elsewhere in societies, private seances and public demonstrations. Beyond a shared commitment to progressive causes, they held in common a belief in the purity of vegetable foods and the corrupting nature of flesh. Mediums were encouraged to avoid meat and disputes over the proper diet for believers raged through the movement’s periodicals. This article examines how the language of dietetics and the science of nutrition functioned in the séance, and what this reveals of the tricky negotiation of immateriality and corporality in spiritualist discourse.
The ‘Unusual’ Trial of Former Concentration Camp Guard Bruno Dey
Authors: Vormbaum Moritz 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper discusses the trial against Bruno Dey, who was an ss guard at the concentration camp Stutthof in 1944 and 1945. The accused was 92 years old at the time the trial was opened before a juvenile division of the regional court in Hamburg in 2019. The trial ended with a conviction and a sentence of two years on probation. On the first day of the main hearing, the presiding judge remarked that it was an ‘unusual trial’. This expression is a leitmotif for this paper. The first section explains the historical and legal context of the trial. The paper then provides an account of the opening session, the testimonies of the accused and the witnesses, as well the judgment.
Trial as a Tool of Colonialism: The 1858 Trial of Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar
Authors: Kumar Aman 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper brings the 1858 trial of 82 years old Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar into the mainstream international law. It discusses the aesthetical aspects of Zafar’s trial, who was tried as a British Subject, despite being the Indian sovereign. The paper argues that the trial was used as a tool to colonise India. It also points out the treatment given to Zafar post his arrest, when he was displayed to the Europeans ‘like a beast in a cage’. It highlights the confusing nature of the trial which was, at times, presented as an enquiry. Moreover, it tells Zafar’s story from his point of view. The paper also highlights the blind-spots in the subject of international law where Zafar’s trial finds no mention. It provokes readers to question their understanding of colonialism by pointing out the well-known nature of trial of Warren Hastings, but the obscurity surrounding Zafar’s trial.
Constructions of Moral Values in Reader Comments of the Samantha Sex Robot Discourse in East African Newspapers
Authors: Njuguna Joseph 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Although artificial intelligence (ai) has been touted as revolutionary, this technology has sparked ethical concerns, with man accused of attempting to create a ‘play God’ with it. While creators of sex robots have been hailed for reigniting sexual relationships, they have received flack in equal measure for their apparent moral absurdity. From a Christian values perspective, this study interrogates how the Samantha sex robot invention was framed in 129 online reader comments in two East African newspapers – The Standard and The Daily Monitor. Findings showed that comments fell under the value themes of ‘family bond’, ‘compromised conscience’, and ‘apocalypse’. While a few positioned sex robots as a panacea to domestic instability, the majority opinion viewed the robots as ‘destroyers’ of the God-ordained family unit and tools of dehumanizing women, and thus morally contradictory to Christian teachings. Justifying sex robots was considered to be ‘negotiating’ or ‘rationalizing’ with established Christian values and therefore ‘rebelling against God’. Man’s extremity with the creation and use of sex robots sparked predictions of a self-fulfilling prophecy of his extermination for inciting the wrath of God. The preservation of culture also underpinned the ethical evaluations of robots by some commenters.
Pastoral Care at the Time of Lockdown: An Exploratory Study of the Catholic Church in South Tyrol (Italy)
Authors: Isetti Giulia , Stawinoga Elzbieta Agnieszka , Pechlaner Harald 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In order to assess the impact of covid-19 on catholic pastoral care, an exploratory study was conducted in South Tyrol (Italy) by administering an online survey to parish priests and laypeople with an office within the local Diocese. With reference to the lockdown period, the research aimed to investigate: (1) how pastoral care was delivered; (2) changes in the use of ict within religious activities; and (3) the vision of the future for the Church in a mediatized world. Respondents believe that: (1) pastoral activities have slowed down, even though contact with the faithful was kept up through phone or the Internet; (2) the level of digitalization of the parishes has increased; however, the communication was mostly one-way and top-down. Finally, results show that (3) attitudes towards digital media are divergent: they are perceived as having the potential to either strengthen or weaken the relationship between the Church and the faithful.
Colloquium 4 Hermeneutical Platonism in Plutarch’s Isis and Osiris
Authors: Shiffman Mark 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
I here examine the underlying order of Plutarch’s Isis and Osiris, following compositional cues the author uses to highlight its themes, in order to draw out distinctive features of Plutarch’s philosophical agenda. After placing the text in the context of Plutarch’s general themes and his other main Platonic-hermeneutical works, I follow the indications of key framing devices to bring to the surface his structuring concerns first with the erotic character of the cosmos, in which human eros is at home, and second with the intentions of ancient lawgivers to civilize human communities, both of which he sees represented in the Isis myth. The text thus exemplifies both Plutarch’s recovery of the unity in Plato of metaphysics and political philosophy and his manner of achieving that recovery through a coordinated threefold hermeneutics of wisdom traditions and human and cosmic phenomena.
Monitoring Adult Subglottic Stenosis With Spirometry and Dyspnea Index: A Novel Approach
Authors: Ntouniadakis Eleftherios , Sundh Josefin , von Beckerath Mathias 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveThe aim was to examine the correlations among the anatomic Cotton‐Myer classification, pulmonary function tests (PFTs), and patient‐perceived dyspnea or dysphonia in patients with subglottic stenosis and identify measurements accurately reflecting treatment effects.Study DesignProspective cohort study.SettingTertiary referral center.MethodFifty‐two adults receiving endoscopic treatment for isolated subglottic stenosis were consecutively included. Correlations were calculated among the preoperative Cotton‐Myer scale, PFTs, the Dyspnea Index (DI), and the Voice Handicap Index. Receiver operating characteristic curves were determined for PFT, DI, and Voice Handicap Index pre‐ and postoperative measurements.ResultsThe Cotton‐Myer classification correlated weakly with peak expiratory flow (r = −0.35, P =. 012), expiratory disproportion index (r = 0.32, P =. 022), peak inspiratory flow (r = −0.32, P =. 022), and total peak flow (r = −0.36, P =. 01). The DI showed an excellent area under the curve (0.99, P <. 001), and among PFTs, the expiratory disproportion index demonstrated the best area under the curve (0.89, P <. 001), followed by total peak flow (0.88, P <. 001), peak expiratory flow (0.87, P <. 001), and peak inspiratory flow (0.84, P <. 001). Patients treated endoscopically with balloon dilatation showed a 53% decrease in expiratory disproportion index (95% CI, 41%‐66%; P <. 001) and a 37% improvement in peak expiratory flow (95% CI, 31%‐43%; P <. 001).ConclusionExpiratory disproportion index or peak expiratory flow combined with DI was a feasible measurement for the monitoring of adult subglottic stenosis. The percentage deterioration of peak expiratory flow and increase in expiratory disproportion index correlated significantly with a proportional percentage increase in DI.
Utility of the Pediatric Bleeding Questionnaire in Predicting Posttonsillectomy Bleeding
Authors: Levy Einat , Kuperman Amir , Sela Eyal , Kashkoush Adham , Miari Abeer Dabbah , Hana Randa Yawer , Freilich Ieva , Bader Ahmad , Gruber Maayan 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivePosttonsillectomy bleeding is a dreadful complication that may be life‐threatening. Preoperative coagulation tests have not been shown to be effective in predicting this complication. The Pediatric Bleeding Questionnaire (PBQ) is a validated and sensitive tool in diagnosing children with abnormal hemostatic functions, and the objective of our study was to assess its utility as a preoperative screening tool for predicting posttonsillectomy bleeding.Study DesignProspective single‐blinded cohort study.SettingTertiary care hospital system.MethodsAll children scheduled for tonsil surgery between 2017 and 2019 in the Galilee Medical Center were included. The PBQ was completed by the caregivers prior to surgery, and all children underwent coagulation tests. Each PBQ item is scored on a scale of −1 to 4, and the total score per candidate is based on summation of all items.ResultsAn overall 272 patients were included in the study with a mean age of 5.2 years; 57.7% were boys. The main finding was that in a multivariable model adjusted to age, a PBQ score of 2 is correlated with increased postoperative bleeding risk (odds ratio, 10.018 [95% CI, 1.20‐82.74]; P =. 046). The results of the PBQ demonstrated better predictive ability when compared with abnormal coagulation test results (odds ratio, 1.76 [95% CI, 0.63‐4.80]; P =. 279). Sex was not found to be significant (odds ratio, 1.45 [95% CI, 0.70‐3.18]; P =. 343).ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that a PBQ score ≥2 has a higher yield for detecting children at risk for posttonsil surgery bleeding as compared with coagulation studies.
Prevalence of Persistent Olfactory Disorders in Patients With COVID‐19: A Psychophysical Case‐Control Study With 1‐Year Follow‐up
Authors: Vaira Luigi Angelo , Salzano Giovanni , Le Bon Serge Daniel , Maglio Angelantonio , Petrocelli Marzia , Steffens Younes , Ligas Enrica , Maglitto Fabio , Lechien Jerome R. , Saussez Sven , Vatrella Alessandro , Salzano Francesco Antonio , Boscolo‐Rizzo Paolo , Hopkins Claire , De Riu Giacomo 
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this multicenter case‐control study was to evaluate a group of patients at least 1 year after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) with Sniffin’ Sticks tests and to compare the results with a control population to quantify the potential bias introduced by the underlying prevalence of olfactory dysfunction (OD) in the general population. The study included 170 cases and 170 controls. In the COVID‐19 group, 26.5% of cases had OD (anosmia in 4.7%, hyposmia in 21.8%) versus 3.5% in the control group (6 cases of hyposmia). The TDI score (threshold, discrimination, and identification) in the COVID‐19 group was significantly lower than in the control group (32.5 [interquartile range, 29‐36.5] vs 36.75 [34‐39.5], P <. 001). The prevalence of OD was significantly higher in the COVID‐19 group, confirming that this result is not due to the underlying prevalence of OD in the general population.
Quantitative Electroencephalography for Early Detection of Elevated Intracranial Pressure in Critically Ill Children: Case Series and Proposed Protocol
Authors: Sansevere Arnold J. , DiBacco Melissa L. , Pearl Phillip L. , Rotenberg Alexander 
Published: November 2021

Objective: To describe quantitative EEG (electroencephalography) suppression ratio in children with increased intracranial pressure comparing acute suppression ratio changes to imaging and/or examination findings. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the suppression ratio from patients with neuroimaging and /or examination findings of increased intracranial pressure while on continuous EEG. The time of the first change in the suppression ratio was compared to the time of the first image and/or examination change confirming increased intracranial pressure. Results: Thirteen patients with a median age of 3.1 years(interquartile range 1.8-6.3) had a rise in the suppression ratio with median time from identification to acute neuroimaging or examination of increased intracranial pressure of 3.12 hours (interquartile range 2.2-33.5) after the first increase in the suppression ratio. Conclusions: Acute suppression ratio increase is seen prior to imaging and/or examination findings of increased intracranial pressure. With further study, the suppression ratio can be targeted with intracranial pressure–lowering agents to prevent morbidity and mortality associated with increased intracranial pressure.
Post penetrating keratoplasty infectious keratitis: Clinico-microbiological profile and predictors of outcome
Authors: Dave Abhishek , Sawant Sanil , Acharya Manisha , Gandhi Arpan , Majumdar Atanu , Mathur Umang 
Published: November 2021

Purpose To study the clinico-microbiological profile, outcomes and prognostic factors of post penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) infectious keratitis. Methods Retrospective review of medical records of 78 patients with post PKP infectious keratitis presenting between January 2014 and December 2018. Demographic, clinical and microbiological profile was documented and predictors of treatment and graft success were evaluated using univariate and subsequent multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Mean age of patients was 52.17 ± 15.51 years and mean infiltrate size was 19.39 ± 19.68 mm2. Mean duration of presentation with infection post PKP was 11.66 ± 10.65 months. Culture positivity was seen in 64 eyes (82.05%). Bacterial growth was observed in 47 eyes (60.25%), fungal growth in 17 (21.79%) and no microbiological growth in 14 eyes (17.94%). At 3 months the visual acuity (VA) improved in 37 eyes (47.44%), did not change in 27 (34.62%) and deteriorated in 14 (17.95%). Graft failure was noted in 53 eyes (73.08%). Surgical intervention was needed in 47 (60.25%) eyes of which most common was therapeutic PKP in 32 eyes (41.02%). Treatment failure was noted with fungal infection ( p = 0.05), poorer vision at presentation ( p = 0.02), larger infiltrate area ( p = 0.002) and graft infection developing before 1 year ( p = 0.02). Graft failure was noted with associated endophthalmitis ( p = 0.02), poorer VA at presentation ( p = 0.01) and larger infiltrate area ( p = 0.02). Conclusion Post PKP infectious keratitis is a sight threatening ocular condition. It is associated with high incidence of graft failure and frequently requires surgical intervention. Fungal etiology, larger infiltrate size, poorer vision at presentation and associated endophthalmitis carries a poorer prognosis.
Household Water Treatment Practice and Associated Factors in Gibe District Southern Ethiopia: A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Tafesse Bereket , Gobena Tesfaye , Baraki Negga , Alemeshet Asefa Yohanis , Adare Mengistu Dechasa 
Published: November 2021

Background: Household water treatment practice or managing water at the point-of-use provides a means of improving drinking water quality and preventing diarrheal diseases. However, evidence regarding household water treatment practice and associated factors in Ethiopia, particularly in Southern Ethiopia are limited. This study was, therefore, designed to assess household water treatment practice and associated factors among households in Southern Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 627 households in Southern Ethiopia. A stratified random sampling technique was used in this study and a pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect data about household water treatment practice and associated factors among selected households through face-to-face interviews. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical tests and binary logistic regression was performed to assess the association between independent and dependent variables. Odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals were used to determine the level of association. Results: This study revealed that the level of household water treatment practice was 34.3% with 95% CI (30.7-38.1) and boiling was the most common method of household water treatment in the study area. Educational status of having formal education (AOR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.34-3), withdrawing water from storage vessel by dipping (AOR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.2-2.87) and frequency of fetching water 3 or more times and above a day (AOR = 2.65, 95% CI = 1.45-4.88) were significantly associated with household water treatment practice. Conclusion: Household water treatment practice is low in the study area. Educational status of having a formal education, drawing water by dipping, and those who collect their drinking water 3 or more times a day were predictors of household water treatment practice. Thus, efforts should be made to increase the level of household water treatment practice especially among those with no formal education and further studies should be conducted to understand the behavioral factors associated with household water treatment practice.
Outcome expectancies toward adherence to antiretroviral therapy for pregnant and postpartum women with HIV
Authors: Momplaisir Florence M , Fortune Kathryn , Nkwihoreze Hervette , Groves Allison K , Aaron Erika , Jemmott John B 
Published: November 2021

Objectives: Adherence to antiretroviral therapy and retention in care significantly drop for women with HIV during the postpartum period. We have a limited understanding of how outcome expectancies influence maternal adherence and retention in care. Methods: Women with HIV from an urban academic clinic completed in-depth interviews in the third trimester and at 3 to 9 months postpartum to evaluate outcome expectancies, facilitators, and barriers to antiretroviral therapy adherence and retention in care. Interviews were audio-recorded and analyzed for content. A codebook was created using deductive (based on the theory of reasoned action approach) and inductive (based on emergent themes) codes. Results: We conducted 21 interviews with 12 women during pregnancy and 9 women during postpartum period. Participants had a mean age of 31 (standard deviation = 5.7) and most were African American (75%). Outcome expectancies centered mostly around pediatric health to prevent perinatal transmission of HIV and to be healthy to raise their children. Other outcome expectancies included preventing transmission of HIV to their partners. Social support from partners served as a strong facilitator as they helped routinize pill-taking behaviors, provided reminders, and decreased social isolation. Barriers to antiretroviral therapy adherence included depression, the disruption of scheduling routines, and the physical demands associated with the postpartum period. These barriers were accentuated for women with multiple children. Conclusion: Women’s commitment to pediatric health was the primary motive for antiretroviral therapy adherence. Partners also served an important role. These findings suggest that interventions linking pediatric and maternal health, and partner support can improve maternal HIV treatment in the postpartum period.