bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Wayqecha Amazon Cloud Curtain Ecosystem Experiment: A new experimental method to manipulate fog water inputs in terrestrial systems
Authors: Metcalfe Daniel B. , Galiano Cabrera Darcy F. , Alvarez Mayorga Luis Miguel , Cruz Roxana Sacatuma , Alvarez Daniela Corrales , Otazu Blanca Rosa Espinoza , Huaraca Huasco Walter , Chambi Jimmy R. , Ezquerra Maria E. , Puma Vilca Beisit L. , Mulligan Mark , Vadeboncoeur Matthew A. , Asbjornsen Heidi , Bittencourt Paulo R. L. , Horwath Aline B. , Bartholomew David C. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Fog makes a significant contribution to the hydrology of a wide range of important terrestrial ecosystems. The amount and frequency of fog immersion are affected by rapid ongoing anthropogenic changes but the impacts of these changes remain relatively poorly understood compared with changes in rainfall.

Here, we present the design and performance of a novel experiment to actively manipulate low lying fog abundance in an old‐growth tropical montane cloud forest (TMCF) in Peru—the Wayqecha Amazon Cloud Curtain Ecosystem Experiment (WACCEE). The treatment consists of a 30 m high, 40 m wide mesh curtain suspended between two towers and extending down to the ground, and two supplementary curtains orientated diagonally inwards from the top of each tower and secured to the ground upslope. The curtains divert and intercept airborne water droplets in fog moving upslope, thereby depriving a ~420 m2 patch of forest immediately behind the curtains of this water source. We monitored inside the treatment and a nearby unmodified control plot various metrics of water availability (air humidity, vapour pressure deficit, leaf wetness and soil moisture) and other potentially confounding variables (radiation, air and soil temperature) above and below the forest canopy.

The treatment caused a strong reduction in both air humidity and leaf wetness, and an increase in vapour pressure deficit, above the canopy compared to the control plot. This effect was most pronounced during the nighttime (20:00–05:00). Below‐canopy shifts within the treatment were more subtle: relative humidity at 2 m height above the ground was significantly suppressed during the daytime, while soil moisture was apparently elevated. The treatment caused a small but significant increase in air temperature above the canopy but a decrease in temperature in and near the soil, while mixed effects were observed at 2 m height above the ground. Above‐canopy radiation was slightly elevated on the treatment relative to the control, particularly during the dry season.

Further application of the method in other systems where fog plays a major role in ecosystem processes could improve our understanding of the ecological impacts of this important but understudied climate driver.
CPX‐351 +/− gemtuzumab ozogamicin as induction therapy for adult patients with newly diagnosed, favourable‐intermediate risk, FLT3‐ITD negative, AML: A pilot study
Authors: Ganzel Chezi , Frisch Avraham , Wolach Ofir , Moshe Yakir , Krayem Baher , Dor Neta , Broide Etti , Benayoun Emmanuel , Rowe Jacob M. , Ofran Yishai 
Published: December 2024

SummaryThis pilot study evaluated CPX‐351 in adults with newly diagnosed, favourable‐intermediate risk, FLT3‐ITD‐negative AML. Twenty patients received CPX‐351 for induction, with six also receiving gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO). The complete response rate was 95%, with 42% achieving flow‐based minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity post‐induction. The 18‐month leukaemia‐free and overall survival estimates were 80% and 95% respectively. Adding GO appeared safe without prolonged cytopenias. Subclinical cardiotoxicity was observed in 25% of patients. The study demonstrated CPX‐351's feasibility, with response and MRD‐negativity rates comparable to standard ‘7 + 3’ induction.
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Improved Neovascularisation Following Limb Ischaemia—The Role of ROS Mitigation
Authors: Lin You‐Cheng , Shih Jhih‐Yuan , Lin Yu‐Wen , Niu Ko‐Chi , Hong Chon‐Seng , Chen Zhih‐Cherng , Pan Shin‐Chen , Chang Tzu‐Yen , Kan Wei‐Chih , Chang Wei‐Ting 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTHyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy has emerged as a potential treatment, shown to enhance blood flow and angiogenesis. However, specific effects and mechanisms of HBO on limb ischaemia responding to a hypoxic environment remain largely unknown. We aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of HBO in the treatment of limb ischaemia. Following limb ischaemia surgery, we evaluated the angiogenic capacity in wild‐type C57BL/6J mice subjected to HBO treatment (100% oxygen at 3 ATA for 1 h/day for five consecutive days) compared to untreated controls. Notably, through laser Doppler perfusion imaging and CD31 staining mice receiving HBO postlimb ischaemia surgery exhibited significantly enhanced angiogenic capability and reduced ROS expression compared to nontreated counterparts. Additionally, in vitro experiments were conducted to investigate whether HBO could mitigate endothelial cell dysfunction and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production triggered by oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD). HBO treatment rescued the impaired proliferation, migration and tube formation of endothelial cells following OGD. Mechanistically, HBO upregulated the expression of proangiogenic proteins, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), haem oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 (HIF‐1) and nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2). Collectively, HBO treatment shows promise in augmenting the endogenous angiogenic potential and suppressing ROS levels in limb ischaemia.
Determine if they can decide—Rethinking adolescent decision‐making ability in the trial and medical context
Authors: Biliangady Naqsha 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAdolescence is a time of rapid change—physical appearance, behaviors, intellectual interests, and social choices. Often, however, it is branded as a time of bad choices and regrets. Neuroscience explains that these changes and behaviors (both positive and seemingly negative) are due to rapid and asynchronous changes in the brain, that drive all choices made by adolescents. Two areas of adolescent decision‐making are addressed in this paper—the choice to seek gender affirming care (GAC) and trial decision‐making when an adolescent is tried as an adult. For the choice to seek gender affirming care, the paper proposes a system for assessing the adolescent's decision‐making ability, instead of a total ban on access to GAC, and for trial decisions, the paper proposes a system of mandatory trial competence assessment of all adolescents who are being tried as adults. For both sections, the paper uses the current Indiana statutes.
Infrared thermography and 3D pavement surface unevenness measurement algorithm for damage assessment of concrete bridge decks
Authors: Yamashita Mikiko , Kawanishi Koichi , Hashizume Kenji , Chun Pang‐jo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDeterioration of the concrete deck surface, including disintegration and delamination between the deck slab and pavement, presents significant challenges in bridge maintenance due to its hidden nature and the risk it poses to the deck's durability as damage progresses. Early detection is critical for preventing issues such as pothole formation and ensuring long‐term durability. However, traditional methods require core sampling, which often delays detection until damage is extensive. This study proposes a nondestructive approach combining infrared thermography (IRT) and laser‐based surface profiling to improve early detection of subsurface damage. IRT captures temperature variations on the pavement surface, detecting horizontal voids and moisture, while laser profiling refines the detection of deeper, progressive damage. By integrating these two methods, the technique offers a comprehensive assessment that single‐method approaches cannot provide. Field validation demonstrates that this method enables precise evaluation of bridge deck conditions, contributing to safer and more efficient bridge maintenance.
Environmental Control of Queuosine Levels in Streptococcus mutanstRNAs
Authors: Jaroch Marshall , Savage Kathryn , Kuipers Paul , Bacusmo Jo Marie , Hu Jennifer , Sun Jingjing , Dedon Peter C. , Rice Kelly C. , de Crécy‐Lagard Valérie 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTQueuosine (Q) is a modification of the wobble base in tRNAs that decode NA(C/U) codons. It is ubiquitous in bacteria, including many pathogens. Streptococcus mutans is an early colonizer of dental plaque biofilm and a key player in dental caries. Using a combination of genetic and physiological approaches, the predicted Q synthesis and salvage pathways were validated in this organism. These experiments confirmed that S. mutans can synthesize Q de novo through similar pathways found in Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. However, S. mutans has a distinct salvage pathway compared to these model organisms, as it uses a transporter belonging to the energy coupling factor (ECF) family controlled by a preQ1‐dependent riboswitch. Furthermore, Q levels in this oral pathogen depended heavily on the media composition, suggesting that micronutrients can affect Q‐mediated translation efficiency.
Predicting Alternaria blight severity in radish: A comprehensive analysis of meteorological influence and time series modelling
Authors: Loona Diksha , Singh Ranbir , Chittaragi Amoghavarsha , Patil Balanagouda , Ramesh Gutha Venkata 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAlternaria leaf blight (ALB), caused by Alternaria brassicicola, poses a significant threat to radish cultivation, particularly in the agroclimatic conditions of Jammu and Kashmir, India. This study investigates the epidemiology of ALB during 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 growing seasons, focusing on the impact of meteorological factors on disease progression. Disease severity was monitored across various radish‐growing regions, revealing considerable spatial and temporal variability. The analysis identified maximum temperature (Tmax) as the most critical factor influencing percent disease index (PDI), with a strong positive correlation observed in both seasons, particularly in 2020/2021. Conversely, maximum relative humidity (Max RH) showed a negative correlation with PDI, suggesting complex interactions between temperature and humidity in disease dynamics. Principal component analysis further highlighted the distinct weather patterns between the two seasons, highlighting the role of environmental variability in disease progression. The study employed an advanced time series model, seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA), to forecast disease progression based on historical PDI data and corresponding weather parameters. The SARIMA model, by incorporating seasonal components, was found to be the best fit for predicting disease outbreaks. The findings of this study highlight the importance of integrating meteorological data into disease forecasting models to provide early warnings and guide timely interventions. By enhancing the understanding of ALB epidemiology, this research offers valuable insights for the development of sustainable disease management strategies in radish cultivation, reducing reliance on chemical fungicides and mitigating yield losses.
Housing temperature influences exercise‐induced glucose regulation and expression of exerkines in mice
Authors: Rao Zhijian , Geng Xue , Huang Peng , Wei Qiangman , Liu Shijie , Qu Chaoyi , Zhao Jiexiu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe impact of housing temperature on exercise‐induced metabolic adaptations is not well understood, despite extensive research on the benefits of exercise for metabolic health. The aim of this study was to elucidate how housing temperatures influence the molecular responses and metabolic benefits of exercise in mice. Male C57BL/6N mice were housed at either room temperature (RT, 21°C) or in a thermoneutral environment (TN, 29°C) and subjected to either a 6‐week or acute exercise regimen. The results demonstrated that chronic exercise in TN conditions significantly improved glucose tolerance, whereas no such improvement was observed in RT conditions. Exercise reduced adipocyte size in inguinal and epididymal white adipose tissue in RT conditions, but no significant exercise‐induced browning of inguinal white adipose tissue was detected at either housing temperature. Additionally, housing temperature predominantly influenced key metabolic proteins in skeletal muscle, with exercise and temperature exhibiting interactive effects on glycogen synthase, Glut4 and Pgc‐1α. Moreover, the regulation of exerkines, including Fgf21, fetuin‐A, irisin, Gdf15, spexin and apelin, was temperature dependent after both long‐term and acute exercise. Notably, expression of Metrnl was consistently upregulated in skeletal muscle after long‐term exercise in both RT and TN environments, but was downregulated after acute exercise. These findings highlight that environmental temperature critically modulates the metabolic benefits of exercise and the expression of exerkines. The results of this study suggest that conventional RT conditions might obscure the full metabolic effects of exercise. We recommend the use of TN conditions in future research to reduce confounding factors and provide a more accurate assessment of the metabolic benefits of exercise.
Larger reductions in blood pressure during post‐exercise standing, but not middle cerebral artery blood velocity, in resistance‐trained versus untrained individuals
Authors: Korad Stephanie , Mündel Toby , Perry Blake G. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDynamic resistance exercise (RE) produces sinusoidal fluctuations in blood pressure, with hypotension and cerebral hypoperfusion commonly observed immediately following RE. Whether the cerebral vasculature adapts to these regular blood pressure challenges is unclear. This study examined the cerebrovascular response to post‐dynamic RE orthostasis. RE‐trained (n = 15, female = 4) and healthy untrained individuals (n = 15, female = 12) completed five stands: one after seated rest, with each of the subsequent four stands occurring immediately following a set of 10 repetitions of unilateral leg extension exercise at 60% of their one repetition maximum. Beat‐to‐beat blood pressure, mean middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAvmean) and end‐tidal carbon dioxide were measured throughout. During standing the mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and MCAvmean nadirs were identified. There was no difference between groups for age (mean ± SD, 26 ± 7 RE‐trained vs. 25 ± 6 years untrained, P = 0.683) or weight (78 ± 15 vs. 71 ± 15 kg, P = 0.683). At MAP nadir during the post‐exercise stand, a greater reduction in MAP was observed in the RE‐trained group (e.g., set 4, −45 ± 11 vs. −36 ± 6 mmHg, training effect P = 0.026). However, post‐exercise stand MCAvmean at MCAvmean nadir was not different (e.g., set 4, −20 ± 7 vs. −17 ± 6 cm/s, interaction effect P = 0.478). Rate of regulation was higher in the RE‐trained group (set 1, 0.301 ± 0.170 vs. 0.167 ± 0.009, training effect P = 0.023). Despite RE‐trained individuals demonstrating greater absolute reductions in MAP during orthostasis following RE, there were no differences in MCAvmean, suggesting that habitual RE may mitigate post‐exercise cerebral hypoperfusion.
‘Making abortion safe’: abortion and post-abortion care providers’ experiences of stigma in Rwanda, Zimbabwe, Sierra Leone and Nigeria
Authors: Bright Suzanna , Parnham Emma , Blaylock Rebecca , Bury Louise , Okonofua Friday , Mukwambo Sunhurai , Nyakanda Munyaradzi , Sebazungu Theodomir , Akaba Godwin , Hoggart Lesley 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundSocial stigma and the marginalisation of abortion care within medical settings can negatively affect abortion providers. While some research has evaluated stigma interventions in legally restrictive settings, little work has explored the experiences of healthcare professionals (HCPs) providing abortion and post-abortion care (PAC) outside the USA. This study, part of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists’ ‘Making Abortion Safe’ programme, aimed to understand providers’ experiences of abortion stigma in four African countries with restrictive legislation.MethodsIn-depth interviews with 44 abortion and PAC providers were conducted in Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone and Zimbabwe.ResultsFour themes emerged: personal and professional effects of stigma, multiple manifestations of stigma, driving forces of stigma, and positivity and resilience. Stigma affects providers' professional identity, community belonging and relationships. Restrictive legal frameworks are the main driver of abortion stigma, operating at multiple levels that reinforce each other. The legal status of abortion labels it as ‘dirty work’, conflicting with healthcare principles. Judgmental attitudes from other HCPs negatively impact providers’ well-being and care quality. However, providers showed resilience through professional and personal commitment, and the belief in ‘doing the right thing’ helped them resist stigma.ConclusionsLegal changes are crucial for increasing access and reducing stigma among the workforce. In these countries, providers face challenges in offering legal healthcare. Organisational interventions are needed to address stigmatising values and create positive workplaces. Ongoing support is essential for HCPs to remain resilient against abortion stigma, helping to normalise abortion care and those who provide it.
New wearable cardiac acoustic monitoring technology for evaluation of subclinical leaflet thrombosis after transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Liu Ran , Fu Zhaolin , Yan Yunfeng , Xie Meng , Li Yang , Yao Jing , Yan Xiaowei , Lu Zhinan , Zhang Chun , Xu Lei , Song Guangyuan 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundSubclinical leaflet thrombosis (SLT) is a common complication after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Multidimensional CT (MDCT) is the main imaging mortality for the diagnosis of SLT but it enhances the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy. Our study aimed to use an innovative wearable acoustic cardiography (ACG) device to diagnose SLT as an alternative option.MethodsThis prospective cohort study consecutively enrolled patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis who underwent successful TAVR. We collected and analysed clinical data including ACG measurements and imaging results. Discrimination capability analysis (ie, area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity) of a composite feature from ACG readings in predicting SLT during follow-up was performed. Based on the severity of SLT, patients were categorised into three groups: Group 1 (no SLT), Group 2 (mild SLT) and Group 3 (moderate-to-severe SLT).Results116 patients consented and enrolled in the study. At the 1-month follow-up, MDCT revealed a 25% prevalence of SLT with 11.2% classified as moderate-to-severe. ACG analysis revealed distinctive patterns of early systolic, baseless and high-energy murmurs exclusively in patients in Group 3 but not in group 2. The diagnostic performance of ACG for moderate-to-severe SLT showed a sensitivity of 84.62%, specificity of 91.26% and AUC of 0.920 (95% CI: 0.855 to 0.962, p<0.001). At 6 months, both MDCT and ACG indicated that nine (70%) patients in Group 3 who received anticoagulant therapy achieved complete resolution of SLT.ConclusionACG can be considered as an effective tool to assist in the diagnosis of SLT based on deterioration of transvalvular haemodynamics post-TAVR. Further studies are required to confirm its utility as a valuable non-invasive diagnostic and monitoring tool.Trial registration numberChiCTR2300072300.
Socioeconomic position, alcohol use and alcohol-attributable emergency department visits
Authors: Smith Brendan T , Benny Claire , Andreacchi Alessandra T , Schwartz Naomi , Warren Christine M , Forbes Samantha , Hobin Erin 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundDifferential vulnerability to alcohol contributes to socioeconomic inequities in alcohol-attributable harm. This study aimed to estimate the sex-/gender-specific joint effects of socioeconomic position (SEP) and heavy episodic drinking or volume of alcohol use on 100% alcohol-attributable emergency department (ED) visits.MethodsWe conducted a cohort study among 36 900 men and 39 700 women current and former alcohol consumers aged 15–64 from population-representative Canadian Community Health Surveys (2003–2008) linked to administrative ED visit data through 2017 in Ontario and Alberta. We estimated sex-/gender-specific associations between SEP (both education and income) and heavy episodic drinking (≥5 standard drinks on one occasion, at least monthly) or volume of alcohol use (standard drinks per week) on incident alcohol-attributable ED visits and assessed additive interactions using the Synergy Index (S).ResultsLower levels of education (eg, less than high school vs Bachelor’s degree or above: men: adjusted HR (aHR)=3.71, 95% CI 2.47 to 5.58; women: aHR=1.75, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.68) and income (eg, quintile (Q)1 vs Q5, men: aHR=2.07, 95% CI 1.35 to 3.17; women: aHR=1.84, 95% CI 0.91 to 3.71) were associated with increased rates of alcohol-attributable ED visits. Among men and women, superadditive joint effects (ie, greater than the sum of both exposures experienced independently) were observed between low SEP (education and income) and heavy episodic drinking and higher volume of alcohol use on alcohol-attributable ED visits.InterpretationOur results indicate that individuals with lower SEP experience increased vulnerability to alcohol use and related harms. These findings highlight the urgent need for population-level interventions that reduce both the high burden and socioeconomic inequities in alcohol-attributable harm.
Race disparities in dental care use from adolescence to middle adulthood in the USA
Authors: Testa Alexander , Mijares Luis , Fu Karyn , Jackson Dylan , Gutierrez Carmen , DeAngelis Reed , Ganson Kyle , Nagata Jason , Mungia Rahma 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundThis study examines the longitudinal patterns of dental care use from adolescence to middle adulthood (ages 11–43) and investigates racial and ethnic disparities in these patterns.MethodsData from Waves I through V of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (1993–2018; ages 11–43). Semiparametric group-based trajectory model identified distinct dental care use trajectories. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate membership in these trajectory groups by race/ethnicity while accounting for covariates, including socioeconomic status, biological sex, nativity and unmet healthcare needs.ResultsThe analysis identified four distinct dental care use trajectories (1): Intermittent decreasing dental care use (37.9%), (2) intermittent increasing dental care use (22.5%), (3) high dental care use (22.5%) and (4) low dental care use (17.0%). Non-Hispanic black and Hispanic respondents were more likely than non-Hispanic white respondents to belong to low dental care use and intermittent decreasing dental care use groups relative to high dental care use. Additionally, non-Hispanic black respondents were more likely than non-Hispanic white respondents to belong to the Intermittent Increasing Dental Use group. Higher socioeconomic status was inversely associated with low and intermittent use group membership. Males and those with unmet healthcare needs at Wave I were also more likely to belong to trajectories with low and intermittent dental care use.ConclusionsFindings reveal persistent racial disparities in dental care use from adolescence into adulthood. Further research is needed to understand the individual and structural factors perpetuating racial disparities in dental care use over the life course.