bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and early‐life risk factors for tree nut sensitization and allergy in young adults
Authors: Bager Jessica , Tedner Sandra G , Andersson Niklas , Ballardini Natalia , Borres Magnus P. , Konradsen Jon R , Nilsson Caroline , Westman Marit , Kull Inger , Bergström Anna , van Hage Marianne , Melen Erik , Asarnoj Anna 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundTree nut allergy may cause anaphylaxis. There are limited population‐based studies on prevalence and early‐life risk factors.MethodsWe evaluated the prevalence of reported symptoms and allergic sensitization to tree nuts at age 24 years in the BAMSE population‐based cohort study and assessed early‐life factors associated with the development of tree nut allergy.We estimated tree nut allergy prevalence, by analysing questionnaire data on tree nut ingestion and symptoms at age 12, 16 and 24 years, and IgE sensitization at age 24 years to hazelnut, walnut, pecan, cashew, pistachio, Brazil nut, almond extracts and allergen molecules Cor a 1, 9, 14 (hazelnut), Jug r 1 (walnut) and Ana o 3 (cashew). We evaluated eczema, asthma, food allergies, inherited risk of allergy and gender as potential early‐life risk factors.ResultsData were available for 2215/4089 (54%) BAMSE study participants, for estimation of the prevalence of tree nut sensitization (21.2%), tree nut allergy symptoms (9.8%) and combined sensitization and symptoms (7.9%, 2.1% for storage protein sensitization and symptoms, 4.3% for any sensitization and non‐mild symptoms). Sixty‐three per cent of sensitized individuals (295/470) were asymptomatic, but only 76/470 (16%) storage protein sensitized individuals. Egg allergy (ORadj 8.50 95% CI 2.15–33.6), eczema (ORadj 2.53 95% CI 1.21–5.32) and asthma (ORadj 5.59 95% CI 2.35–13.3)) at pre‐school age were associated with future development of tree nut symptoms and storage protein sensitization. At age 24 years, tree nut allergy was associated with current eczema and with markers of current asthma severity. Sensitization to storage proteins was more strongly associated with symptoms than sensitization to whole extract for all tree nuts evaluated.ConclusionsIn this Swedish cohort, we found tree nut whole extract sensitization is common but usually asymptomatic. Storage protein sensitization is a more reliable indicator of tree nut symptoms. Tree nut allergy is associated with early onset, persistent and severe atopic disease.
Papilla preservation and minimally invasive surgery for the treatment of peri‐implant osseous defects. Clinical and radiographic outcomes of a 5‐year retrospective study
Authors: Cortellini Pierpaolo , Cortellini Simone , Bonaccini Daniele , Tonetti Maurizio S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesEvaluate in a case series the clinical applicability of a regenerative approach for treatment of peri‐implant lesions based on papilla preservation flaps (PPF) and minimally invasive surgery (MIST).Material and methodsTwenty‐one deep peri‐implant defects in 21 patients were surgically accessed applying PPF and MIST. The exposed implant surface was decontaminated with the sequential application of mechanical devices and chemical agents. Bone substitutes alone or in combination with a collagen barrier were applied, according to the anatomy of the peri‐implant lesion. Clinical and radiographic measurements were collected at baseline, post‐surgery, 1 and 5 years.ResultsPrimary wound closure was obtained in 100% of the sites and maintained in 90% of the sites at 1 week. Bleeding on probing (BOP) was reduced from 100% at baseline to 28.6% at 1 year and to 42.8% at 5 years. The 1‐year pocket reduction was 3.9 ± 1 mm. Residual probing depths (PD) were 4.1 ± 0.9 mm. PD remained stable up to 5 years. The radiographic bone gain was 2.5 ± 1.2 mm (mesial) and 2.5 ± 1.1 (distal) at 1‐year and 2.3 ± 1.3 mm (mesial) and 2.6 ± 1.4 mm (distal) at 5 years. The radiographic resolution of the defect was 70.4% ± 19% (mesial) and 70.2% ± 22% (distal) at 1 year and 64.2% ± 21% (mesial) and 67.7% ± 21% (distal) at 5 years. All implants survived up to 5 years. A composite outcome of disease resolution shows consistent 1‐year clinical improvements at all the treated sites and substantial 5‐year stability.ConclusionsPPF and MIST can be successfully applied for the regenerative treatment of peri‐implant defects.
Virus load and incidence of olfactory, gustatory, respiratory, gastrointestinal disorders in COVID‐19 patients: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Taziki Balajelini Mohammad Hosein , Rajabi Abdolhalim , Mohammadi Masoud , Nikoo Hadi Razavi , Tabarraei Alijan , Mansouri Mohsen , Hosseini Seyed Mehran 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study investigated the relationship between viral load and the incidence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction (OD and GD), the incidence of respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms and the recovery of OD and GD in COVID‐19 patients.DesignA retrospective cohort study.Setting and ParticipantsThis study was conducted on 599 outpatients' cases in Golestan province between February and June 2020.Main Outcome MeasuresThe incidence, severity (complete or partial) and recovery time of OD and GD and their associations with cycle threshold (CT) values of SARS‐CoV‐2 polymerase chain reaction were assessed.ResultsThe mean age of patients was 38.27 ± 13.62 years. The incidence of general symptoms included myalgia 70.1%, headache 51.8%, fever 47.7% and dyspnoea 21.4%. 41.9% of patients had gastrointestinal symptoms, including abdominal pain 26.5%, diarrhoea 25.2%, nausea 20.5% and vomiting 12.9%. 12.2% of patients had comorbidity. The trimester recovery rates of OD and GD were 93.94% and 94.74% respectively. The mean recovery time of OD and GD was 14.56 ± 13.37 and 13.8 ± 3.77 days respectively. The mean CT value in all patients was 27.45 ± 4.55. There were significant associations between the mean of CT value with headache (p = 0.04), GD (p = 0.002) and OD (p = 0.001).ConclusionsThe finding of this study indicates a possible association between viral load with incidence of OD and GD in COVID‐19 patient's cases and assures the recovery of OD/GD in these patients.
Alarming decline of freshwater trigger species in western Mediterranean key biodiversity areas
Authors: Nogueira Joana Garrido , Sousa Ronaldo , Benaissa Hassan , De Knijf Geert , Ferreira Sónia , Ghamizi Mohamed , Gonçalves Duarte V. , Lansdown Richard , Numa Catherine , Prié Vincent , Riccardi Nicoletta , Seddon Mary , Urbańska Maria , Valentini Alice , Vikhrev Ilya , Varandas Simone , Teixeira Amílcar , Lopes‐Lima Manuel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTheidentification of key biodiversity areas (KBA) was initiated by the International Union for Conservation of Nature in 2004 to overcome taxonomic biases in the selection of important areas for conservation, including freshwater ecosystems. Since then, several KBAs have been identified mainly based on the presence of trigger species (i.e., species that trigger either the vulnerability and or the irreplaceability criterion and thus identify a site as a KBA). However, to our knowledge, many of these KBAs have not been validated. Therefore, classical surveys of the taxa used to identify freshwater KBAs (fishes, molluscs, odonates, and aquatic plants) were conducted in Douro (Iberian Peninsula) and Sebou (Morocco) River basins in the Mediterranean Biodiversity Hotspot. Environmental DNA analyses were undertaken in the Moroccan KBAs. There was a mismatch between the supposed and actual presence of trigger species. None of the trigger species were found in 43% and 50% of all KBAs surveyed in the Douro and Sebou basins, respectively. Shortcomings of freshwater KBA identification relate to flawed or lack of distribution data for trigger species. This situation results from a misleading initial identification of KBAs based on poor (or even inaccurate) ecological information or due to increased human disturbance between initial KBA identification and the present. To improve identification of future freshwater KBAs, we suggest selecting trigger species with a more conservative approach; use of local expert knowledge and digital data (to assess habitat quality, species distribution, and potential threats); consideration of the subcatchment when delineating KBAs boundaries; thoughtful consideration of terrestrial special areas for conservation limits; and periodic field validation.
Is there an overtreatment of melanoma patients at the end of their life? Results of a multicenter study on 193 melanoma patients
Authors: Forschner Andrea , Loquai Carmen , Meiss Frank , Huening Svea , Pawlowski Johannes , Bradfisch Fabienne , Lehr Saskia , Nashan Dorotheé 
Published: August 2021

SummaryBackground and objectivesThere is a lack of data regarding the situation of melanoma patients receiving systemic therapies in their last months of life.Patients and methodsAll melanoma patients who died in 2016 or 2017 and who had been treated by systemic therapies within the last three months of life were retrospectively analyzed. The study was conducted within the Committee “supportive therapy” of the Work Group Dermatological Oncology (ADO).Results193 patients from four dermato‐oncological centers were included. More than 60 % of the patients had ECOG ≥ 2 and most of them received immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) or targeted therapies (TT). 41 patients benefited from the last therapy in terms of radiological and laboratory findings or state of health. Although ECOG was worse in the TT cohort compared to the ICI group, the proportion of patients benefiting from the last therapy with TT was significantly higher and TT therapy could be carried out more often on an outpatient basis.ConclusionsThis study indicates that there is a tendency towards an overtreatment at the end of life. Nevertheless, TT might be a reasonable therapeutic option for advanced BRAF mutant melanoma, even in highly palliative situations.
Coronary artery ectasia in post‐pericardiotomy syndrome
Authors: Williams Jason L. , Cua Clifford L. , Stiver Corey , Kovalchin John P. , Lee Simon 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPost‐pericardiotomy syndrome (PPS) is a common inflammatory process following cardiac surgery, in which the pericardial space was opened. Pericardial effusion (PE) is a common manifestation in PPS; however, coronary artery dilation is not associated with PPS. Inflammatory vasculitis in children are known to cause coronary dilation, in conditions such as in Kawasaki Disease (KD). We report a patient with PPS and concomitant coronary dilation by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) following repair of her ventricular septal defect (VSD).
Brain microstructural changes in mice persist in adulthood and are modulated by the palmitoyl acyltransferase ZDHHC7
Authors: Kerkenberg Nicole , Wachsmuth Lydia , Zhang Mingyue , Schettler Christiane , Ponimaskin Evgeni , Faber Cornelius , Baune Bernhard T. , Zhang Weiqi , Hohoff Christa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFor a long time, mice have been classified as adults with completely mature brains at 8 weeks of age, but recent research suggests that developmental brain changes occur for up to 6 months. In particular, adolescence coincides with dramatic changes of neuronal structure and function in the brain that influence the connectivity between areas like hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Neuronal development and plasticity are regulated in part by the palmitoyl acyltransferase ZDHHC7, which modulates structural connectivity between hippocampus and mPFC. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether developmental changes take place in hippocampus and mPFC microstructure even after 8 weeks of age and whether deficiency of ZDHHC7 impacts such age‐dependent alterations. Altogether, 46 mice at 11, 14 or 17 weeks of age with a genetic Zdhhc7 knockout (KO) or wild type (WT) were analysed with neuroimaging and diffusion tensor‐based fibre tractography. The hippocampus and mPFC regions were compared regarding fibre metrics, supplemented by volumetric and immunohistological analyses of the hippocampus. In WT animals, we identified age‐dependent changes in hippocampal fibre lengths that followed a U‐shaped pattern, whereas in mPFC, changes were linear. In Zdhhc7‐deficient animals, the fibre statistics were reduced in both regions, whereas the hippocampus volume and the intensities of myelin and neurofilament were higher in 11‐week‐old KO mice compared to WTs. Our results confirmed ongoing changes of microstructure in mice up to 17 weeks old and demonstrate that deleting the Zdhhc7 gene impairs fibre development, suggesting that palmitoylation is important in this process.
Associations of neighborhood built and social environments with frailty among mid‐to‐older aged Australian adults
Authors: Abe Takumi , Carver Alison , Sugiyama Takemi 
Published: August 2021

AimNeighborhood environmental attributes are associated with physical activity and health status. We examined cross‐sectional associations of built and social environmental attributes with frailty among community‐dwelling mid‐to‐older aged adults in Australia.MethodsData from 3419 adults aged 50–74 years living in 200 neighborhoods in Brisbane, Australia, were used. Frailty status was assessed by a frailty index comprising 32 items. The built environment attributes examined were residential density, street connectivity, land use mix, park area and bus stop density. Self‐reported levels of safety and social cohesion were used as social environmental factors. Associations were examined using multilevel logistic regression.ResultsThe prevalence of frailty was 12%. One standard deviation increment in street connectivity in a 1‐km network buffer around participants' homes and in a neighbourhood was associated with 23% and 13% higher odds of being frail, respectively. One standard deviation increment in land use mix at the neighborhood level was associated with 12% lower odds of being frail. Higher levels of safety and social cohesion were consistently associated with a lower odds of being frail.ConclusionsConsistent with previous studies, we found that social environmental attributes were relevant to residents' frailty status, whereas the relationships between built environmental attributes and frailty were not clear (frailty was associated with lower street connectivity but with higher land used mix). Community‐level initiatives to enhance safety and social cohesion might be effective to reduce frailty. Further research is required to explain the equivocal findings obtained for built environmental attributes and frailty. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 893–899.
A preliminary investigation into the immune cell landscape of schistosome‐associated liver fibrosis in humans
Authors: Zhang Yu , Li Junhui , Li Hao , Zhou Zhaoqin , Guo Chen , Jiang Jie , Ming Yingzi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSchistosomiasis is a widespread helminth disease that poses a heavy social and economic burden on people worldwide. Advanced schistosomiasis often develops into schistosome‐associated liver fibrosis, the pathogenesis of which remains unclear. This study aimed preliminarily to profile immune cells of schistosome‐associated liver fibrosis using single‐cell RNA sequencing. Three patient groups were enrolled, including an Schistosomiasis japonicum (SJ) group (n = 1), a chronic liver failure (CLF) group (n = 3) and a healthy control (HC) group (n = 2), revealing 17 cell clusters out of 20 093 cells. From these limited datasets, it was observed that T cell(1), mononuclear phagocytes‐1 and dendritic cells (DCs) were higher in the SJ group. CAVIN2+ MP(2) was the predominant cell type in the MP subset of the SJ group (53%), and was higher than that in both the CLF (8%) and HC (1%) groups. Kupffer cell marker genes (CD163, MARCO and TIMD4) were enriched in caveolae‐associated protein 2 (CAVIN2)+ MP(2), which was also an important source of TGFB1. The KEGG pathways of CAVIN2+ MP(2) indicated that they were associated with lysosome, endocytosis, phagosome and antigen processing and presentation. The preliminary study showed that granzyme B (GZMB)+ T cell(1) and ankyrin repeat domain‐containing protein 36B+ T cell(3) were the most common T cells in the SJ group (50% and 32%, respectively). The KEGG pathways of GZMB+ T cell(1) were mainly related to natural killer cell‐mediated cytotoxicity. The percentage of ring1 and YY1 binding protein (RYBP)+ DC(1) was higher in the SJ group (57%) than in the CLF (16%) and HC (6%) groups. The KEGG pathway of RYBP+ DC(1) was related to Fc gamma R‐mediated phagocytosis and antigen processing and presentation. Overall, CAVIN2+ Kupffer cells were the main source of TGFB1, consisting primarily of mononuclear phagocytes in the livers of the SJ group subjects and potentially playing an irreplaceable role in hepatic fibrosis of schistosomiasis.
The willingness to attend the first dental visit within 1 year of age: An analysis applying Andersen’s behavioral model of health service utilization
Authors: Yun Qingping , Liu Min , Zhao Mei , Yang Lina , Miao Jiangxia , Chang Chun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe first dental visit (FDV) within 1 year of age is important for establishing good oral health behaviors for young children, but delayed FDVs are common.AimThis study aimed to investigate the predisposing, enabling, and need factors of maternal willingness to attend the FDV for infants.DesignA cross‐sectional survey was conducted among mothers of infants aged 11‐14 months. A questionnaire was developed based on Andersen's behavioral model of health service utilization. Data regarding the FDV, FDV willingness, and reasons for not attending the FDV were collected. Logistic regression models were used to investigate the associated factors.ResultsOf 658 infants, only 2.7% (18) had a Thirty percent (191/640) of mothers reported their willingness to attend the FDV in the next 3 months. Nearly two‐thirds of mothers reported not attending the FDV since their children's teeth were healthy. Maternal perceptions of their infants’ oral health status were negatively associated with willingness to undergo the FDV, whereas family social support was positively associated with willingness to undergo the FDV.ConclusionsNeed factors play a key role in the utilization of FDV. Improving parental awareness of FDV might help parents voluntarily attend the FDV, and offering support from the family and healthcare system levels enables access to paediatric dental care.
Sensitivity of olfactory sensory neurons to food cues is tuned to nutritional states by Neuropeptide Y signaling
Authors: Kaniganti Tarun , Deogade Ajinkya , Maduskar Aditi , Mukherjee Arghya , Guru Akash , Subhedar Nishikant , Ghose Aurnab 
Published: August 2021

AbstractModulation of sensory perception by homeostatic feedback from physiological states is central to innate purposive behaviors. Olfaction is an important predictive modality for feeding‐related behaviors and its modulation has been associated with hunger‐satiety states. However, the mechanisms mapping internal states to chemosensory processing in order to modify behavior are poorly understood. In the zebrafish olfactory epithelium, a subset of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and the terminal nerve projections express neuropeptide Y (NPY). Using a combination of neuronal activity and behavioral evaluation, we find that NPY signaling in the peripheral olfactory system of zebrafish is correlated with its nutritional state and is both necessary and sufficient for the olfactory perception of food‐related odorants. NPY activity dynamically modulates the microvillar OSN activation thresholds and acts cooperatively with amino acid signaling resulting in a switch‐like increase in OSN sensitivity in starved animals. We suggest that cooperative activation of phospholipase C by convergent signaling from NPY and amino acid receptors is central to this heightened sensitivity. This study provides ethologically relevant, physiological evidence for NPY signaling in the modulation of OSN sensitivity to food‐associated amino acid cues. We demonstrate sensory gating directly at the level of OSNs and identify a novel mechanistic framework for tuning olfactory sensitivity to prevailing energy states.
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Cover Image for this issue: https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15091
Urban‐rural differences in the prevalence of female pattern hair loss among secondary school girls: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Youssef Samaa M. E. , Atallah Rabie B. , Zaky Mohamed S. , Eldeek Basem S. , Elsaie Mohamed L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimFemale pattern hair loss (FPHL) is a common condition that is influenced by many external and internal factors. We aimed to identify the prevalence of FPHL among secondary school girls and identify possible associated factors.MethodsFPHL among 3405 adolescent females was identified using detailed history, physical examination, and dermoscopy in this cross‐sectional study.ResultsAmong the 3405 included students, 2430 (71.4%) had no FPHL and 975 (28.6%) were diagnosed with FPHL (p = 0.001). The mean age of girls with FPHL was 16.43 ± 1.10 and ranged between 15 and 18 years. Among those with FPHL, 427 (43.8%) attended urban schools while 548 (56.2%) attended rural schools. No significant differences regarding paternal and maternal education, family income, or parental degree of education were observed among those with FPHL and those without (p = 0.230; p = 0.063; p = 0.276, respectively).ConclusionFPHL had an overall prevalence of 28.6% among secondary school girls with a significant predominance in rural over urban areas and with a significantly associated family history. Irregular menses, history of thyroid disease, and hirsutism were significant predictors for FPHL.
Letrozole as first‐line drug for ovulation induction in treatment‐naïve infertile polycystic ovarian syndrome women
Authors: Waanbah Batiston Decruse , Joseph Treasa , Rebekah Grace , Kunjummen Aleyamma Thayparmbil , Kamath Mohan Shashikant 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveOne in seven couples is infertile and ovulatory dysfunction accounts for 25% of the cases. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy associated with ovulatory dysfunction. Traditionally, clomiphene is considered the first‐line drug for infertile PCOS women. Recently, letrozole was found to be an effective alternative ovulogen. The recent Cochrane review concluded that although live birth was higher with letrozole in unselected PCOS population, evidence was insufficient regarding effect of letrozole in treatment‐naïve women.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a cohort study that included treatment‐naïve infertile PCOS women at a tertiary level infertility center in South India. Participants in the prospective arm were given letrozole 2.5 mg daily for 5 days and the retrospective arm included women who had undergone ovulation induction with clomiphene (100 mg) for up to five treatment cycles. The primary outcome was ovulation rate. Secondary outcomes were clinical pregnancy, live birth, multiple pregnancy, and miscarriage rate. The trial was registered under the Clinical Trials Registry, India (CTRI/2018/07/014704).ResultsA total of 135 women in the letrozole group and 127 women in the clomiphene group underwent treatment. The ovulation rate per woman was similar in both groups (84.4% vs. 77.2%;p = 0.13). Letrozole was associated with significantly higher clinical pregnancy (38.5% vs. 22.0%;p = 0.004) and live birth rate per woman (30.3% vs. 18.9%;p = 0.03).ConclusionThe current study found letrozole to be a superior ovulation induction agent as compared to clomiphene in treatment‐naïve infertile women with PCOS.