bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental evaluation of bamboo fiber/particulate coconut shell hybrid PVC composite
Authors: Adediran Adeolu A. , Akinwande Abayomi A. , Balogun Oluwatosin A. , Olasoju O. S. , Adesina Olanrewaju S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBamboo fibers (BF) treated in 1.3 Molar NaOH and particulate coconut shell (PCS) sieved to − 45 µm were incorporated into polyvinyl chloride (PVC) matrix towards improving the properties of PVC composite for ceiling boards and insulating pipes which sags and degrade with time needing improvement in properties. The process was carried out via compression moulding applying 0.2 kPa pressure and carried out at a temperature of 170 °C. Composites developed were grouped according to their composition. Groups A, B, C, and D were infused with 2, 4, 6 and 8 wt% PCS at constant amount, respectively. Each group was intermixed with a varying proportions of BF (0–30 wt% at 5% interval). Tests carried out on the samples produced revealed that the yield strength, modulus of elasticity, flexural strength, modulus of rupture were enhanced with increasing BF proportion from 0 to 30 wt% BF at 2 wt% constant PCS input. Thermal and electrical properties trended downward as the fiber content reduced even as the hardness was enhanced with PCS/BF intermix which was also reflected in the wear loss index. Impact strength was highest on the infix of 4 wt% PCS and 15 wt% BF. Compressive strength was better boasted with increasing fiber and PCS amount but 8 wt% PCS amounted to depreciation in trend. It was generally observed that PCS performed optimally at 2 wt% incorporation while beyond that resulted in lowering of strength. Blending of the two variable inputs; 0–30 wt% BF and 2 wt% PCS presented better enhancement in properties.
Deformable airfoil using hybrid of mixed integration electrolysis and fluids chemical reaction (HEFR) artificial muscle technique
Authors: Zakeri Ramin , Zakeri Reza 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this research, by inspiration of natural myosin motion in artificial muscle contraction, a new method for changing the thickness of an airfoil has been proposed by hybrid of mixed integration electrolysis module and chemical reaction (HEFR) of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3 (s)) and acetic acid (CH3COOH (l)). The mentioned method has the ability to create pressure in the fluid in a short time and fast transfer without delay due to the integration of the method in the fluid transfer tube to soft sealed skin. With soft sealed skin swelling and movement of solid skeletal structure, the force is transmitted to the desired mechanism. First, for a single of soft skin and solid structure, remarkable displacement over time in the various loading condition (by the inflation tester) has been investigated. It is shown that the proposed mechanism is capable of moving 246 g during 3 s with total mechanism weight of 10 g. In the following, the mechanism is developed into a symmetrical rhombus (set of soft skin-solid structure) with the ability to contract and expand to provide variable airfoil thickness. The proposed mechanism has the ability to move in the horizontal and vertical axis (expansion and contraction) in lower than 5 s by applying the HEFR technique. Such a mechanism is mounted on a symmetrical airfoil and has the ability to change the airfoil thickness with the appropriate response time. The proposed mechanism can be used in various industrial applications such as robotics.
Physical properties and water absorption kinetics of three varieties of Mucuna beans
Authors: Oyedeji Ajibola B. , Sobukola Olajide P. , Green Ezekiel , Adebo Oluwafemi A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe physical properties and water absorption kinetics of three varieties of Mucuna beans (Mucuna pruriens, Mucuna rajada and Mucuna veracruz) were determined in this study. Physical properties including length, width, thickness, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, porosity, bulk density, area, volume and one thousand seed mass were calculated while hydration kinetics was studied by soaking Mucuna beans in water at 30 °C, 40 °C and 50 °C and measuring water uptake at 9 h interval. Peleg’s equation was used to model the hydration characteristics and Arrhenius equation was used to describe the effect of temperature on Peleg’s rate constant k1 and to obtain the activation energies for soaking. Significant variations were observed in almost all the physical properties of the different varieties, however, there were no significant differences (p < 0.05) in their thicknesses and bulk densities. The effectiveness of fit of Peleg’s model (R2) increased with increase in soaking temperature. Peleg’s rate constant k1 decreased with increase in soaking temperature while k2 increased with temperature increase. Activation energies of Mucuna pruriens, Mucuna rajada and Mucuna veracruz were 1613.24 kJ/mol, 747.95 kJ/mol and 2743.64 kJ/mol, respectively. This study provides useful information about the properties of three varieties of Mucuna beans that could be of importance to processors and engineers for process design and optimization.
Non-responder phenotype reveals apparent microbiome-wide antibiotic tolerance in the murine gut
Authors: Diener Christian , Hoge Anna C. H. , Kearney Sean M. , Kusebauch Ulrike , Patwardhan Sushmita , Moritz Robert L. , Erdman Susan E. , Gibbons Sean M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBroad spectrum antibiotics cause both transient and lasting damage to the ecology of the gut microbiome. Antibiotic-induced loss of gut bacterial diversity has been linked to susceptibility to enteric infections. Prior work on subtherapeutic antibiotic treatment in humans and non-human animals has suggested that entire gut communities may exhibit tolerance phenotypes. In this study, we validate the existence of these community tolerance phenotypes in the murine gut and explore how antibiotic treatment duration or a diet enriched in antimicrobial phytochemicals might influence the frequency of this phenotype. Almost a third of mice exhibited whole-community tolerance to a high dose of theβ-lactam antibiotic cefoperazone, independent of antibiotic treatment duration or dietary phytochemical amendment. We observed few compositional differences between non-responder microbiota during antibiotic treatment and the untreated control microbiota. However, gene expression was vastly different between non-responder microbiota and controls during treatment, with non-responder communities showing an upregulation of antimicrobial tolerance genes, like efflux transporters, and a down-regulation of central metabolism. Future work should focus on what specific host- or microbiome-associated factors are responsible for tipping communities between responder and non-responder phenotypes so that we might learn to harness this phenomenon to protect our microbiota from routine antibiotic treatment.
An improved path splitting strategy on successive cancellation list decoder for polar codes
Authors: Peng Yunlong , Bao Jingyun , Liu Xingcheng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe performance of the cyclic redundancy check aided successive cancellation list (CA‐SCL) decoder for polar codes exceeds that of the Turbo codes and the Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes adopted in the World Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) proposal. However, CA‐SCL decoder has a high computational complexity, resulting in a long time delay and high memory complexity. In order to alleviate this problem, an improved path splitting strategy on successive cancellation list (IPSS‐SCL) decoder was proposed, which can significantly reduce the average list size. The influence of splitting on CA‐SCL decoder was analysed at first and a new selective splitting criterion using the Gaussian approximation method was proposed according to the analysis. In addition, a path contraction mechanism based on the location estimation of the correct path was proposed to further reduce the average number of unnecessary candidate paths. Compared with existing path splitting strategies, simulation results show that the proposed IPSS‐SCL decoding algorithm can reduce the average computational complexity significantly over the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel with almost no performance loss.
Optimized localization of sensor nodes in 3D WSNs using modified learning enthusiasm‐based teaching learning based optimization algorithm
Authors: Singh Prabhjot , Mittal Nitin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLocalization in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is used to determine the coordinates of the sensor nodes deployed in the sensing field. It is the process that determines the location of the target nodes relative to the location of deployed anchor nodes. These anchor nodes are deployed at known locations having GPS installed in them. However, mostly in all 3D applications, the area under observation may have a complexity in the sensing environment. In this work, a modified learning enthusiasm‐based teaching learning based optimization algorithm (LebTLBO) is proposed to deal with the 3D localization problem using single anchor and moving target nodes in anisotropic network with DOI 0.01. LebTLBO is a metaheuristic inspired by the classroom teaching and learning method of teaching learning based optimization algorithm. An improved LebTLBO algorithm aims to achieve enhanced performance by balancing the exploration and exploitation capabilities of conventional LebTLBO to improve its global performance. On the CEC2019 benchmark functions, the suggested technique is assessed, and computational findings show that it provides promising outcomes over other competitive algorithms. Also, mLebTLBO outperforms well in terms of localization error in 3D environment. The proposed technique is useful to cope up in case of rescue operations.
Application of the mixed effects model for analysing photovoltaic datasets and interpreting into meaningful insights
Authors: Le Ngoc Thien , Asdornwised Widhyakorn , Chaitusaney Surachai , Benjapolakul Watit 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEnergy power studies commonly apply the analysis of variance (ANOVA) method in data analysis context to find the significant difference among many compared groups or to evaluate the impact of an influential factor. However, most of the datasets in these studies are time series data or longitudinal data, which are collected from the same object over some periods. Therefore, violating the independent assumption of ANOVA is the error commonly made. This leads to the misinterpretation of the comparison tests. In this article, this problem is solved by providing the application of mixed effects model (MEM) as a viable alternative to the ANOVA. In detail, two models based on MEM are proposed to analyse the time series data of micro‐inverter PV stations located in Concord city, Massachusetts, USA. In the first scenario, the average models are implemented to compare the seasonal variation of monthly yield taking into account the effects of shading conditions and different orientations. In the second scenario, the linear regression model based on MEM is implemented to estimate and compare the decline rate in a 6‐year period of PV stations. The analysis results have shown that the models based on MEM performs better than ANOVA in interpreting raw time‐series dataset into meaningful insights.
Enhancing topic clustering for Arabic security news based on k‐means and topic modelling
Authors: Alharbi Adel R. , Hijji Mohammad , Aljaedi Amer 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe internet has become one of the main sources of news spread as it unleashed the information dissemination space, where the news websites express opinions on entities while also reporting on recent or unusual security risks. Recently, many research studies have focused on sentimental reflection on the views and impressions of people utilising natural language processing and analytical linguistics. Therefore, we have collected corpus from popular Arabic websites that publish articles related to recent security issues, and we provide light weight preprocessing techniques where data is term matrix is transformed. We also present an intensive lexical‐driven data analysis with visualised data views, as our topic modelling technique can effectively extract significant topics from all the collected text from different websites. Our experiments validate the k‐means clustering algorithm with and without the latent Dirichlet allocation topic modelling method, and we adopted various validation techniques to measure the topic clustering internally and externally. As shown in the experiments' results, our proposed combined method has a high round index rate of 87.2%, with a large number of topics and clusters.
The impact of polarization‐maintaining and multimode fibre lengths on strain and temperature sensitivities of single‐mode–multimode–polarization‐maintaining–multimode–single‐mode‐based fibre optic sensors
Authors: Wei Jinpeng , Wu Tianyin , Zhang Fan , Shao Laipeng , Lu Hanglin , Hu Junhui 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA fibre loop mirror sensor is proposed and demonstrated for strain and temperature measurements in experiment. In these schemes, fibre loop mirrors are constructed with single‐mode‐multimode‐polarization‐maintaining‐multimode‐single‐mode optical fibre (SMPMS) structures. The strain and temperature characteristics of the sensor, depending on the lengths of multimode fibre (MMF) and polarization‐maintaining fibre (PMF), are studied in the experiment. The results indicate that PMF and MMF lengths have less impact on strain sensitivity but a remarkable impact on temperature sensitivity, which is consistent with the theoretical analysis. The best strain and temperature sensitivities of an SMPMS structure sensor can reach up to 39.0 pm/με and 2.366 nm/°C, respectively. The sensors have the merits of easy fabrication, cost‐efficiency and high temperature sensitivity and are quite suitable for fields requiring high‐precision measurement.
Application of rotating coupling time‐step finite element method in synchronous generators’ internal faults simulation
Authors: Xiao Shiyong , Ge Baojun , Liu Zhihui , Tao Dajun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA precise simulation of the internal faults of synchronous generators is very important for designing the main protection scheme; therefore, it is necessary to propose an accurate model. The time‐step finite element method is quite qualified for analysing problems related to the transient electromagnetic field, including the internal faults of synchronous generators. This paper presents a new time‐step method, which employs a rotation coupling technique to handle rotor motion. By using this technique, the rotor remains stationary during the process of the simulation, and the motion problem becomes simple and can be conveniently implemented with a programming process. Simulation and experimental results for the internal faults of an experimental machine are compared to verify the accuracy of the rotation coupling time‐step method. Moreover, a 300 MW salient pole synchronous generator is used as an example, and the transient process of this generator during internal faults is simulated. The air gap flux density, fault currents, damper windings eddy current losses, and core dynamic electromagnetic force are investigated in detail to reveal the fault characteristics more clearly and provide a basis for designing protection schemes.
Experimental evaluation of an energy storage system for medium voltage distribution grids enabling solid‐state substation functionality
Authors: Klumpner Christian , Rashed Mohamed , De Dipankar , Patel Chintan , Asher Greg 
Published: March 2021

Abstract“Smart grids” is a new concept of managing the power transfer in modern grids that will rely not only on the on‐line processing of a variety of consumption and generation power data but will also need new hardware to facilitate a flexible and efficient conversion and storage of electrical power to maintain grid stability under fast changing operating conditions. This paper presents the results of the experimental evaluation of a 1.5MJ/25kW energy storage system connected directly to a medium voltage grid to provide fast and flexible grid control capabilities. The demonstrator consists of a supercapacitor stack connected to a low‐voltage DC bus via interleaved converters whilst connection to the medium voltage grid is done either via a low voltage inverter and step‐up 50Hz transformer or via a cascaded modular multilevel converter fed by dual active bridge converters isolated by medium frequency transformers. The experimental features demonstrated are fast power peak levelling, reactive current injection, grid fault ride through whilst maintaining a high round trip efficiency over a wide power range. The concept on which the demonstrator was designed facilitated the implementation of the solid‐state substation with integrated energy storage concept that can further increase flexibility and reliability of future grids.
European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB): An Update on the Pediatric CEUS Registry on Behalf of the “EFSUMB Pediatric CEUS Registry Working Group”
Authors: Dietrich Christoph F. , Augustiniene Rasa , Batko Tomasz , Cantisani Vito , Cekuolis Andrius , Deganello Annamaria , Dong Yi , Franke Doris , Harkanyi Zoltan , Humphries Paul D. , Jędrzejczyk Maciej , Jüngert Jörg , Kinkel Horst , Koller Orsolya , Kosiak Wojciech , Kunze Christian , Ljutikov Anoushka , Madzik Jaroslaw , Mentzel Hans-Joachim , Piskunowicz Maciej , Rafailidis Vasileios , Schreiber-Dietrich Dagmar , Sellars Maria E. , Stenzel Martin , Taut Heike , Yusuf Gibran T. , Sidhu Paul S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe European Federation of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB) created the “EFSUMB Pediatric Registry” (EFSUMB EPR) with the purpose of collecting data regarding the intravenous application of pediatric contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). The primary aim was to document the current clinical practice and usefulness of the technique and secondarily to assess CEUS safety in children. We issue the preliminary results of this database and examine the overall practice of CEUS in children in Europe.
Transition of care in a case of obesity with metabolic surgery
Authors: Stroh Christine , Luderer Daniel , Meyer Frank 
Published: March 2021

The World Health Summit 2011 confirmed the epidemic-like occurrence of diabetes mellitus and obesity. In Germany, 62.7 % and 21.9 % of the population have a BMI of more than 25 kg/m² and more than 30 kg/m2, respectively. Currently, 10.5 obese people per 100 000 German inhabitants undergo bariatric surgery, while 86 and 114.8 per 100 000 in France and in Sweden, respectively, favor bariatric surgical interventions.
Aim By means of a scientific case report, the instructive case of a young patient with morbid obesity is illustrated based on 1) selective references from the medical literature and 2) insights from the daily clinical practice in the case-specific medical and perioperative management after successful surgery for malformation in his childhood and, thus, the limited therapeutic options of metabolic surgery.
Case report (case-, diagnostic-, and treatment-specific aspects) 35-year-old patient with morbid obesity.
Medical history: Status after surgical intervention for gastroschisis as a newborn (surgery report not available).
Clinical findings: Super obesity characterized by 234 kg and 174 cm (→ BMI: 77.3 kg/m²), hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism.
Approach & course:
Outcome (early postoperative and mid- to long-term): The patient tolerated the intervention well. Postoperative course was uneventful with regard to mobilization, beginning of oral nutrition, and wound healing; there was a subsequent weight reduction due to a “common channel” of 250 cm.
Conclusion While the increase of obesity prevalence in adults has currently stopped, incidence in children and teenagers is rapidly rising. The consequence might be that children and young adults who have undergone bariatric surgery in childhood and adolescence can develop complications from these former interventions as adults. Therefore, it is reasonable to recommend follow-up investigations within specialized centers according to well-established standards. On the other hand, the increasing prevalence of obesity in childhood leads to the possibility that adults who underwent pediatric surgery because of embryonal malformations may require an appointment with a bariatric surgeon at some point. For these patients (as a representative example of the transition of care phenomenon), the risk of metabolic surgical intervention is increased; such operations require the appropriate knowledge and expertise of the bariatric surgeon on embryonal malformations and their approach by pediatric surgery.
Kongenitale Pulmonalarterienstenosen als seltene Ursache einer pulmonalen Hypertonie
Authors: Kovacs Z. , Guth S. , Fistera D. , Taube C. , Wiedenroth C. B. 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungKongenitale Pulmonalarterienstenosen sind eine seltene Ursache der pulmonalen Hypertonie (PH). Die Erkrankung wird in ihrer Häufigkeit vermutlich unterschätzt, und sie sollte in der Abklärung einer PH bedacht werden.Die Vorstellung einer 43-jährigen Patientin erfolgte zur Therapieoptimierung und Evaluation einer möglichen Lungentransplantation mit der Arbeitsdiagnose kongenitale Pulmonalarterienstenosen.Die Patientin beklagte eine seit der frühen Kindheit bestehende Belastungsdyspnoe aktuell entsprechend WHO-FC-Klasse II–III.Die Krankengeschichte zeigte die Erstdiagnose einer primären pulmonalarteriellen Hypertonie (IPAH) vor 17 Jahren. Es erfolgte eine PH-spezifische Medikation in wechselnden Kombinationen. Im Rahmen eines Zentrumswechsels erfolgte eine Reevaluation, und bei Nachweis eines typischen Mismatch mit normaler Ventilation, jedoch keilförmig gestörter Perfusion in der Lungenszintigrafie wurde eine chronisch thromboembolische pulmonale Hypertonie (CTEPH) vermutet. Die Pulmonalis-Angiografie zeigte ausschließlich subsegmental gelegene Stenosierungen sowie Gefäßabbrüche mit korrespondierenden Minderperfusionen, passend zu einer CTEPH. Im Rahmen der ersten Intervention erfolgte aufgrund der ungewöhnlichen Morphologie der pulmonalarteriellen Läsionen eine Erweiterung der Diagnostik mittels optischer Kohärenztomografie (OCT). Bei der Patientin fand sich kein endoluminales Material, jedoch eine kräftige Gefäßwand. Damit wurde die Diagnose einer pumonalen Hypertonie bei kongenitalen Pulmonalarterienstenosen mit In-situ-Thrombosierung gestellt.
Pituitary in the Spotlight
Authors: Reincke Martin , Honegger Jürgen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe German Society of Endocrinology (DGE) has a long-standing scientific and clinical focus on the pituitary. The pituitary working group ‘Arbeitsgemeinschaft Hypophyse’ is an interdisciplinary special interest group with a focus on advancing diagnosis and treatment of pituitary conditions. On the occasion of the English publication of the S2K clinical guideline Diagnosis and therapy of clinically hormonally inactive pituitary tumors, we present here a series of 12 articles from internationally renowned authors from inside and outside of Germany.