bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome‐enabled prediction through machine learning methods considering different levels of trait complexity
Authors: Barbosa Ivan de Paiva , da Silva Michele Jorge , da Costa Weverton Gomes , de Castro Sant'Anna Isabela , Nascimento Moysés , Cruz Cosme Damião 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGenomic‐wide selection (GWS) consists of the use of a large number of molecular markers for the prediction of genetic values and has been shown to be highly relevant for genetic improvement. The objective of this work was to evaluate and compare the predictive performance of statistical (ridge regression‐best linear unbiased predictor [RR‐BLUP] and BayesB) and machine learning methods through GWS in simulated populations with traits presenting different levels of heritability and quantitative trait loci (QTL) numbers in the presence of dominant and epistatic effects. The simulated genome of population F2 was formed by 1,000 individuals and genotyped with 2,010 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Twenty‐six traits were simulated considering QTL numbers ranging from two to 88 and heritabilities of .3 and .6. The selective and predictive performances were evaluated using the multilayer perceptron (MLP), radial basis function (RBF), decision trees (DT), bagging (BA), random forest (RF), and boosting (BO) machine learning models and the classical RR‐BLUP and BayesB methods. A high effect of heritability was observed for the results of selective accuracy when compared to the increased QTL number. In addition, the selective accuracy based on the number of QTL demonstrates that the application of alternative machine learning models, such as RBF, BA, BO, and RF, can be suitable for the analysis according to QTL number. Machine learning methods are powerful tools for predicting genetic values with epistatic gene control in traits with different degrees of heritability and different numbers of controlling genes.
Regional differences in rapid evolution during severe drought
Authors: Anstett Daniel N. , Branch Haley A. , Angert Amy L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractClimate change is increasing drought intensity, threatening biodiversity. Rapid evolution of drought adaptations might be required for population persistence, particularly in rear-edge populations that may already be closer to physiological limits. Resurrection studies are a useful tool to assess adaptation to climate change, yet these studies rarely encompass the geographic range of a species. Here, we sampled 11 populations of scarlet monkeyflower (Mimulus cardinalis), collecting seeds across the plants’ northern, central, and southern range to track trait evolution from the lowest to the greatest moisture anomaly over a 7-year period. We grew families generated from these populations across well-watered and terminal drought treatments in a greenhouse and quantified five traits associated with dehydration escape and avoidance. When considering pre-drought to peak-drought phenotypes, we find that later date of flowering evolved across the range of M. cardinalis, suggesting a shift away from dehydration escape. Instead, traits consistent with dehydration avoidance evolved, with smaller and/or thicker leaves evolving in central and southern regions. The southern region also saw a loss of plasticity in these leaf traits by the peak of the drought, whereas flowering time remained plastic across all regions. This observed shift in traits from escape to avoidance occurred only in certain regions, revealing the importance of geographic context when examining adaptations to climate change.
Cytotoxic and immunological responses of fish leukocytes to nodularin exposure in vitro
Authors: Rymuszka Anna , Sieroslawska Anna , Adaszek Łukasz 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNodularin (NOD) is a cyclic peptide released by bloom‐forming toxic cyanobacteria Nodularia spumigena commonly occurring in brackish waters throughout the world. Although its hepatotoxic effects are well known, other negative effects of NOD have not yet been completely elucidated. The present study aims were to evaluate and compare the cytotoxic and immunotoxic effects of the toxin on primary leukocytes (from head kidney [HK]) and stable fish leukocytes (carp leucocyte cell line [CLC] cells). The cells were incubated with the cyanotoxin at concentrations of 0.001, 0.01, 0.05, or 0.1 μg/ml. After 24 h of exposure, the concentrations ≥0.05 μg/ml of toxin resulted in cytotoxicity in the primary cells, while in CLC cells, the toxic effect was obtained only with the highest concentration. Similarly, depending on the concentration, exposure to NOD causes a significant inhibition of chemotaxis of the phagocytic abilities of primary leukocytes and a significant reduction in the proliferation of lymphocytes isolated from the HKs. Moreover, CLC cells and HK leukocytes incubated with this toxin at all the mentioned concentrations showed an increased production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. NOD also evidently influenced the expression of genes of cytokine TNF‐α and IL‐10 and, to a minor extent, IL‐1β and TGF‐β. Notably, the observed changes in the mRNA levels of cytokines in NOD‐exposed cells were evident, but not clearly dose‐dependent. Interestingly, NOD did not affect the production and release of IL‐1β of the CLC cells. This study provides evidence that NOD may exert cytotoxicity and immune‐toxicity effects depending on cell type and toxin concentration.
Antibiofilm effects of titanium surfaces modified by laser texturing and hot‐pressing sintering with silver
Authors: Gonçalves Inês M. R. , Herrero Esteban R. , Carvalho Oscar , Henriques Bruno , Silva Filipe S. , Teughels Wim , Souza Júlio C. M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPeri‐implant diseases are one of the main causes of dental implant failure. New strategies for dental implants manufacturing have been developed to prevent the accumulation of bacteria and related inflammatory reactions. The main aim of this work was to develop laser‐treated titanium surfaces covered with silver that generate a electrical dipole to inhibit the oral bacteria accumulation. Two approaches were developed for that purpose. In one approach a pattern of different titanium dioxide thickness was produced on the titanium surface, using a Q‐Switched Nd:YAG laser system operating at 1064 nm. The second approach was to incorporate silver particles on a laser textured titanium surface. The incorporation of the silver was performed by laser sintering and hot‐pressing approaches. The anti‐biofilm effect of the discs were tested against biofilms involving 14 different bacterial strains growth for 24 and 72 hr. The morphological aspects of the surfaces were evaluated by optical and field emission guns scanning electronical microscopy (FEGSEM) and therefore the wettability and roughness were also assessed. Physicochemical analyses revealed that the test surfaces were hydrophilic and moderately rough. The oxidized titanium surfaces showed no signs of antibacterial effects when compared to polished discs. However, the discs with silver revealed a decrease of accumulation of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia strains. Thus, the combination of Nd:YAG laser irradiation and hot‐pressing was effective to produce silver‐based patterns on titanium surfaces to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacterial species. The laser parameters can be optimized to achieve different patterns, roughness, and thickness of the modified titanium layer regarding the type and region of the implant.
The effect of different types of lactose monohydrate on the stability of acetylcholinesterase immobilized on carriers designed to detect nerve agents
Authors: Zeman Jiří , Pavloková Sylvie , Vetchý David , Pitschmann Vladimír 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDMaintaining the stability of an immobilized enzyme during storage is generally very problematic. However, various substances have been reported to have a positive effect on enzyme stability. These include reducing disaccharide lactose, which is used in carriers in the form of pellets with immobilized cholinesterase. These carriers serve as a filling for detection tubes (biosensor), which are used for detecting nerve agents, wherein the detection itself is based on a colorimetric Ellman's reaction. To date, however, no study has been performed on the effect of different types of lactose monohydrate on the properties of such carriers.RESULTSThe effect of five different types of lactose monohydrate on carrier properties and enzyme stability was examined. The lactose powders used differed in the particle size distribution, shape, compactability and flowability. The carriers were prepared in triplicate and subjected to a 24‐month stability test under three storage conditions, with the results being statistically analyzed by analysis of variance, principal component analysis and t‐test. Samples containing lactose with spherical particles were more resistant to degradation by heat and moisture than samples containing crystalline particles; in addition they had higher hardness and better sensitivity. All samples were also tested with soman after 24 months of storage and were found to retain very good sensitivity.CONCLUSIONSamples containing spherical types of lactose proved to be more stable in some critical parameters compared to the samples with lactose in the form of single crystals, which are currently used in commercially available detection tubes. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
A comparison of hypothesis tests for homogeneity in meta‐analysis with focus on rare binary events
Authors: Zhang Chiyu , Wang Xinlei , Chen Min , Wang Tao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAnalysis of rare binary events is an important problem for biomedical researchers. Due to the sparsity of events in such problems, meta‐analysis that integrates information across multiple studies can be applied to increase the efficiency of statistical inference. Although it is critical to examine whether the effect sizes are homogeneous across all studies, a comprehensive review of homogeneity tests has been lacking, and in particular, no attention has been paid to infrequent dichotomous outcomes. We systematically review statistical methods for homogeneity testing. By conducting an extensive simulation analysis and two case studies, we examine the performance of 30 tests in meta‐analysis of rare binary outcomes. When using log‐odds ratio as the association measure, our simulation results suggest that there is no uniform winner. However, we recommend the test proposed by Kulinskaya and Dollinger (BMC Med Res Methodol, 2015, 15), which uses a gamma distribution to approximate the null distribution, for its generally good performance; for very rare events coupled with small within‐study sample sizes, in addition to the Kulinskaya–Dollinger test, we further recommend the conditional score test based on the random‐effects hypergeometric model proposed by Liang and Self (Biometrika, 1985, 72:353–358). One should be cautious about the use of the Wald tests, the Lipsitz tests (Biometrics, 1998, 54:148–160), and tests proposed by Bhaumik et al (J Am Stat Assoc, 2012, 107:555–567).
Moisture‐sensitive metal–organic framework constructed from cobalt and 4‐(4‐pyridyl) benzoic acid for dispersive solid‐phase extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in apple
Authors: Peng Fan , Tan Yuyan , Zhang Shanshan , Yu Xiaofang , Chen Huaixia , Dang Xueping , Liu Xiaolan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA moisture‐sensitive metal‐organic framework CoII(pybz)2·2DMF was synthesized and applied as the adsorbent of dispersive solid‐phase extraction. The structure changed after water treatment due to the fact that two chelate carboxylate groups on the skeleton were transformed to monodentate because of the coordination of water molecules. The material showed good adsorption for fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene in water because of the π–π conjugation and π‐complexation effects. Coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography, a dispersive solid‐phase extraction method of determining the content of fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene in apple samples was established after optimizing the extraction conditions. Methanol containing 4% acetic acid was used as the effective eluent. The linearities were 0.5–1000 μg/kg for fluorene, phenanthrene and 5–1000 μg/kg for fluoranthene, pyrene. The limits of detection were 0.06–0.6 μg/kg, and the recoveries were 94.4–116.4%. The method has a high sensitivity for the determination of four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in apple samples.
Germination alters the microstructure, in vitro protein digestibility, α‐glucosidase and dipeptidyl peptidase‐IV inhibitory activities of bioaccessible fraction of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) seeds
Authors: Ohanenye Ikenna Christian , Sun Xiaohong , Sarteshnizi Roghayeh Amini , Udenigwe Chibuike C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGermination was investigated as a bioprocess for enhancing the digestibility and bioactivity of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan). Pigeon pea seeds were germinated for 0, 4, 24 and 48 h. Electrophoresis revealed that the 7S vicilin subunits were the most abundant proteins in control and germinated seeds. FTIR showed a loss of β sheet and a gain of α‐helix contents, and microscopy showed cell wall degradation in germinated seeds. Germination decreased the seed protein yield due to partial hydrolysis of proteins. After in vitro digestion, 48‐h germination increased the protein digestibility‐corrected amino acid score of the pigeon pea flour and isolated protein. Germination also enhanced the inhibitory activity of the seed digesta against α‐glucosidase but not dipeptidyl peptidase IV. Taken together, germination could be used to enhance the nutritional quality and bioactivity of pigeon pea towards improving its future utilization as novel healthy food for mitigating food insecurity.
Design of Perfused PTFE Vessel‐Like Constructs for In Vitro Applications
Authors: Estermann Manuela , Spiaggia Giovanni , Septiadi Dedy , Dijkhoff Irini Magdelina , Drasler Barbara , Petri‐Fink Alke , Rothen‐Rutishauser Barbara 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTissue models mimic the complex 3D structure of human tissues, which allows the study of pathologies and the development of new therapeutic strategies. The introduction of perfusion overcomes the diffusion limitation and enables the formation of larger tissue constructs. Furthermore, it provides the possibility to investigate the effects of hematogenously administered medications. In this study, the applicability of hydrophilic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes as vessel‐like constructs for further use in perfused tissue models is evaluated. The presented approach allows the formation of stable and leakproof tubes with a mean diameter of 654.7 µm and a wall thickness of 84.2 µm. A polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) chip acts as a perfusion bioreactor and provides sterile conditions. As proof of concept, endothelial cells adhere to the tube's wall, express vascular endothelial cadherin (VE‐cadherin) between neighboring cells, and resist perfusion at a shear rate of 0.036 N m−2for 48 h. Furthermore, the endothelial cell layer delays significantly the diffusion of fluorescently labeled molecules into the surrounding collagen matrix and leads to a twofold reduced diffusion velocity. This approach represents a cost‐effective alternative to introduce stable vessel‐like constructs into tissue models, which allows adapting the surrounding matrix to the tissue properties in vivo.
Relationship of ITPKA expression with the prognosis of breast cancer
Authors: Zhang Jie , Zhang Sujie , Li Xiaoyan , Pi Hongying 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundBreast cancer (BC) represents a most common cancer among women worldwide. The outcomes of this disease remain dismal due to frequent recurrence and metastasis. Inositol‐1,4,5‐trisphosphate‐3‐kinase‐A (ITPKA) plays an important role in regulating calcium signaling and actin dynamics. The dysregulation of ITPKA has been observed in several human cancers. The present study aimed to assess ITPKA expression and its prognostic value in BC.MethodsITPKA expression was examined via quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) methods. In addition, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox regression analysis were performed to evaluate prognostic value of ITPKA in BC.ResultsUpregulated ITPKA expression was found in BC samples, according to both qRT‐PCR and IHC analyses (all p < .05). ITPKA expression was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis (p = .021) and TNM stage (p = .009). Moreover, BC patients with high expression of ITPKA had poor overall survival compared with those with low expression (log‐rank p < .05). Cox analysis verified that ITPKA expression was an independent prognostic factor for BC patients (HR = 4.239, 95%CI = 2.221–8.093 and p = .000).ConclusionBC cases show increased expression of ITPKA. ITPKA may act as an independent prognostic biomarker in BC.
Factors associated with fluoroscopy‐guided placement of nasoenteral feeding tubes
Authors: Guo Weiying , Zheng Ruipeng , Xue Suyang , Lv Bin , Zhang Haifeng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundFeeding by nasoenteral tube (NET) is safe and effective for supporting the nutrition needs of patients with inadequate oral intake. However, during insertion of the NET with fluoroscopic guidance, both the professional staff and patients are exposed to radiation. To improve the success rate of NET placement and minimize radiation exposure, this retrospective study evaluated potential factors associated with successful fluoroscopy‐guided NET placement and short total fluoroscopy time (TFT) among Chinese patients.MethodsAn assessment was conducted among patients (n = 348) who received NET placement by physicians under fluoroscopic guidance. Multivariate logistic regression models and linear models were used to validate factors that affected the success of placement and TFT.ResultsNET was placed successfully in 319 patients (91.7%), with a median TFT of 6.1 (interquartile range [IQR], 4.9–9.9) minutes. The median TFT of patients with unsuccessful placement was 15.4 (IQR, 12.7–20.9) minutes. Factors associated with successful placement included lack of upper gastrointestinal (GI) surgery history and normal peristalsis of the upper GI tract (P ≤ .015). The TFT was significantly influenced by upper GI surgery history and characteristics of the upper GI tract (P ≤ .025). The professional title or experience of the operators had no association with successful NET placement or TFT.ConclusionsNET placement under fluoroscopic guidance had a high success rate. Factors that are crucial for planning the approach include a history of upper GI surgery, the dynamic status of the upper GI tract, and features of the upper GI tract.
Research on safety in home care for older adults: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Cao Songmei , Huang Huanhuan , Xiao Mingzhao , Yan Lei , Xu Wenxin , Tang Xumeng , Luo Xiaoqin , Zhao Qinghua 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimThis study aimed to describe and visualize the current research state and collaborative networks in home care safety for older adults over the past 11 years to analyse the gaps of research and future research trends.BackgroundThe amount of research on safety in home care for older adults is increasing. It is necessary to understand the status of development and main research topics and identify the main contributors and their relationships.MethodsA total of 2,631 publications were retrieved from the Web of Science. The external characteristics of the publications were summarized with the Web of Science and Histcite. Collaborative networks and keywords were analysed and visually displayed using analysis tools.ResultsThe number of articles increased over the years. Articles were identified from 79 countries, 3,630 institutions, 647 journals and 11,691 authors, and complex cooperative relations among them and five research topics were identified.ConclusionResearch on home care safety for older adults is developing steadily, and this field may be understood to a greater extent in the future. Countries, institutions and scholars need to cooperate more in this research field.Implications for Nursing ManagementThis study contributes important information for understanding achievements in the research field of home care safety and provides insights into future research.
The correlation between emotional intelligence and self‐esteem in patients with intestinal stoma: A descriptive‐correlational study
Authors: Saati Maryam , NasiriZiba Fariba , Haghani Hamid 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimPatients with intestinal stoma would experience some periods of psychological disorders such as self‐esteem disturbances. Self‐esteem is one of the most important factors affecting the patient's mental health. It is suggested that factors such as emotional intelligence could be related to self‐esteem. This study seeks to determine the correlation between emotional intelligence and self‐esteem in patients with an ostomy.DesignThis was a descriptive‐correlational study.MethodsThis study was conducted on 155 patients with intestinal stoma referring to the selected hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences and Iranian Ostomy Association in 2018. The patients were selected using convenience sampling method. The study tools included demographic characteristics form, Rosenberg self‐esteem scale and Schutte emotional intelligence questionnaire. Data analysis was performed in SPSS v.16 using descriptive and inferential statistics, including variance analysis and independent t test.ResultsParticipants included 79 women and 76 men with the most frequency of age between 50–70 years old. 52.26% of the cases had cancer and 45.81% of the cases had inflammatory bowel disease and other related diseases. Pearson correlation coefficient results showed a positive and significant correlation between total emotional intelligence and self‐esteem (r = .56) (p = <.001).
Staff's perspectives on the organization of homecare services to people with dementia—A qualitative study
Authors: Hoel Kari‐Anne , Rokstad Anne Marie Mork , Feiring Ingvild Hjorth , Lichtwarck Bjørn , Selbæk Geir , Bergh Sverre 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsThe aim of the study was to explore the experiences of homecare staff about the impact of the organization of homecare services for people with dementia.DesignThis study has a qualitative, exploratory design based on a phenomenological‐hermeneutic approach, using individual in‐depth interviews with homecare staff to collect data.MethodsA convenience sample of 14 homecare staff from five municipalities participated in the study. Main topics introduced: (a) how homecare services for people with dementia are organized and (b) challenges in respondents' everyday practice of caring for people with dementia. Interviews were conducted from October to December 2017.ResultsThree main themes were identified from the interviews. (a) Complexity and need for individualized facilitated homecare services; homecare services were described as complex in regard to both the patient and the service. The complexity of the service made it challenging to tailor the service to the individual patient. (b) The importance of trust and relationships; establishing trust in the relationship between the patient and the staff resulted in better‐quality care. This was crucial for identifying the patient's need for help. (c) Organizational challenges; homecare services could be vulnerable to changes in the organization. Practical tasks and following the daily scheduled task list were often prioritized at the expense of an individually tailored service.