bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L’évolution de la responsabilité civile des sociétés en droit français
Authors: Zolomian Matthieu 
Published: September 2021

De récentes réformes concernant le droit de la responsabilité civile emportent des conséquences importantes quant à la responsabilité civile pesant sur les sociétés en général, et les sociétés anonymes en particulier. De nombreuses lois ont été adoptées depuis 2016, créant ou renforçant des régimes de responsabilité qui s’appliquent aux sociétés, telles la Loi pour la reconquête de la biodiversité, de la nature et des paysages introduisant le préjudice écologique, l’ordonnance relative à l’action en dommages et intérêts du fait de la commission d’une pratique anticoncurrentielle ou encore la Loi relative au devoir de vigilance des sociétés mères et des entreprises donneuses d’ordre. La combinaison de ces lois permet de constater deux directions vers lesquelles la responsabilité civile des sociétés tend à s’orienter.
La première direction est une plus grande moralisation des comportements des sociétés commerciales. En vertu de ces nouveaux textes, les personnes morales doivent suivre dans leur action une certaine norme comportementale, sauf à être sanctionnées au titre de la responsabilité délictuelle. La responsabilité sociétale des entreprises devient alors de moins en moins morale, et de plus en plus juridique.
La seconde direction que le droit des sociétés veut emprunter est plus étonnante en ce qu’elle peut modifier un principe général du droit des sociétés. Plusieurs lois semblent introduire une responsabilité de la société mère du fait de sa filiale, qui paraît de prime abord être contraire au principe d’autonomie de chaque société au sein d’un groupe. La loi créant un devoir de vigilance permet ainsi de sanctionner la société mère en cas d’atteintes aux droits de la personne ou à l’environnement commises par sa filiale. Pour ce faire, il est toutefois nécessaire que la société mère ait manqué à son obligation de rédiger ou de mettre en oeuvre un plan de vigilance. Dans ce cas, le dommage réparé sera celui qui a été causé par la filiale, mais la faute ouvrant le cas à la responsabilité sera bien celle de la société mère. Cependant, une nouvelle règle, mêlant droit de la concurrence et droit de la responsabilité civile, peut aboutir à ce que la société mère soit responsable avec sa filiale sans même devoir prouver une quelconque faute de sa part. En présumant fautives toutes les personnes qui composent l’entreprise condamnée pour une atteinte anticoncurrentielle, le Code de commerce permet de prononcer un jugement contre une société mère si une de ses filiales a commis une faute anticoncurrentielle. L’importation d’une notion de droit de la concurrence — l’entreprise — en droit de la responsabilité civile entraîne alors une profonde mutation de la responsabilité civile au sein du groupe de sociétés.
Optimization of Ash Yield from Bicomposite Biomass (Terminalia catappa and Chrysophyllum albidium) Seed Barks with Additive upon Combustion
Authors: Dada Ebenezer Olujimi, , Awe-Obe Uriel Olamilekan, , Oladosu Kamoru Olufemi, , Alade Abass Olanrewaju, , Afolabi Tinuade Jolaade, 
Published: September 2021

The ash yield from the combustion of a mixture of Africa star apple and tropical almond seeds shells (biocomposite biomass) with ammonium dihydrogen phosphate as an additive in a furnace was optimized using I-Optimal Design under the Combined Methodology of the Design Expert Software. The data obtained were analysed statistically using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for the prediction of ash yield and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to determine the coefficient of determination (R²) between variables. Proximate analysis was used to evaluate Moisture Content (MC), Fixed Carbon Content (FCC), and Volatile Matter (VM) values while the Higher Heating Value (HHV) of the mixtures that gave the highest and lowest ash yields was evaluated numerically. The optimum conditions of process variables for the compositions of tropical almond, African star apple, and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, as well as the temperature, were 30%, 60%, 10% and 704 oC, respectively leading to a minimum ash yield of 24.8%. The mathematical models for the ash using the I-optimal design indicate a good fit to the Quadratic model with a R² of 0.9999. The ANN model agreed significantly with the experimental results with an R² of 0.9939. The VM, FCC, MC, AC and HHV of the highest ash yield were 11.00%, 2.34%, 3.20%, 33.80% and 4487.747 , respectively. The study established the suitability of optimisation tool to develop solid fuel mixtures for possible use in grate furnaces and its efficiencies.
Maternal Vitamin D Status in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Women
Authors: Nassar Zainedeen , Alzaharna Mazen 
Published: September 2021

Aims: To assess vitamin D status among Gestational Diabetes Mellitus pregnant women in Gaza Strip.
Study Design: Case control study.
Place and Duration of Study: Samples were collected from pregnant women attending primary health care centers, Gaza, Gaza Strip.
Methodology: The study comprised 90 participants, 45 GDM pregnant women and 45 apparently healthy pregnant women. Serum vitamin D and insulin levels were measured by ELISA, fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2 h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglycerides (TG), cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), phosphorus and calcium were determined chemically. Blood pressure was measured. Body mass index (BMI) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were calculated. Ethical approval was acquired from Helsinki committee. All data was analyzed using the SPSS program.
Results: The average vitamin D in GDM cases was lower than that in controls (P=0.031). There was an increase in the average of FBG, OGTT, HbA1c and insulin levels in GDM cases versus controls (P<0.001). The average levels of serum cholesterol, TG and LDL were significantly higher in cases as compared to controls. The average systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels were higher in GDM cases in relation to controls. Pearson correlation test showed a significant negative correlation between vitamin D and the parameters: BMI, glucose, OGTT, HbA1c and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR).
Conclusion: Vitamin D was lower in GDM women compared to controls. Low vitamin D status may be associated with insulin resistance and act as a risk factor for GDM.
Comparison of Environmental and Occupational Health in Gas Flare Host Communities and those Farther from Gas Flare Sites
Authors: Obi Nkemdilim I. , Bwititi Phillip T. , Nwose Ezekiel U. 
Published: September 2021

Background: Gas flaring occurs during crude oil extraction and can have adverse implications for the community’ health and the environment. Reports show that residents complain about ill-health e.g. insomnia due to heat generated during gas flaring. This article therefore compares the impact on health in gas flaring host and non-gas flaring host communities.
Methodology: This research followed a mixed method approach of quantitative and qualitative analysis. Six questions were asked on occupation, residence, distance from the gas flare, social status in community, health status and family health history. Two questions assessed health status as well as family health history of participants and were semi-qualitative. All questions were adopted from a previously published report. Comparison of environmental and occupational data between host and neighbouring communities was done.
Outcome: Nearness of residence to gas flare sites show increased frequency in the number of ill health issues in respondents and their families. The impact of gas flaring i.e. ill health is high in those near to the site and diabetes is more prevalent amongst other ill-health conditions surveyed. Multiple comparisons show that the group farthest from gas flare site have significantly least proportion of members who are stressed or suffering respiratory problems.
Conclusion: Impact on health or wellbeing among members of gas flaring host communities are more severe when compared to those far. Government policies need to mitigate the adverse effects of gas flaring and the community needs to be educated on the impacts of gas flaring and how this can be minimised.
Potential Factors to Enhance the Level of Disclosure within Financial Statements of Indonesian Provincial Governments
Authors: Arifin Johan 
Published: September 2021

Using Agency theory, this research aims to examine the factors that potentially influence the level of disclosure within financial statements in Indonesian provincial governments including Human Development Index (HDI), Liabilities, General Allocated Fund (GAF), and Provincial Original Revenue (POR). This research is very important because Indonesia has recently undergone major governmental financial reform and is seeking to greatly enforce its financial accounting transparency. The objects of this research are 99 financial statements from 33 Indonesian provinces in the period of 2014 to 2016. The level of disclosure is measured using a 34 item index derived from Indonesian Government Accounting Standards. Regression analysis shows that Human Development Index (HDI) and General Allocated Fund (GAF) are positive and significant predictors of the level of disclosure within financial statements of Indonesian provincial govern- ments. These results can be used by Indonesian government as a potential information in making government policy related to financial transparency at provincial level.
Healthy Environmental Parameters as the Identification of Mining Entities
Authors: Sari Siti Setyawati Kartika , Soeprajitno Raden Roro Widya Ningtyas 
Published: September 2021

Nowadays the biggest global problem in the industry sector is located on environmental issues. This issue committed by the national entities that produced a lot of waste and emission. To answer this problem, the government decided to make a commitment for building policies of zero emission in the year 2050 accompanied with the appeal for disclosing and reporting the Sustainability Report for the entities in the industry sector. This research will elucidate the effort of entities involved for dealing with the global waste issue of industry sector. The involvement will be evaluated in the disclosure that made using the applicable Global Reporting Index scale. This research utilized mining sector entities listed in IDX from 2014 - 2018. Furthermore, this research used content analysis with processing multiple linear regression and applied the software of Stata 14. The outcome of this research is to attain the effort enhancement of improving the mining entities and the disclosure was greatly influenced by certain parameters, so it showed the significant difference from each mining entity. This research is expected could contribute to the government so they are more concerned by paying more attention and making policies to synergize the goal of “zero waste and zero emission” by a healthy-environment-performance basis for the entities, and augment the theory application along with knowledge development of disclosure in form of Sustainability Report.
Keywords: Environment; Waste; Emission; Sustainability Report; Mining Entities.
The epidemiology and clinical presentation of seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in a US population
Authors: Carlson Aaron M. , Sollero Carlos E.V. , Wolf Andrew B. , Sillau Stefan , Schmitt Barrie L. , Money Kelli M. , Nair Kavita V. , Piquet Amanda L. , Bennett Jeffrey L. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo define the epidemiology and clinical presentation of seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) in a large US health system.MethodsWe completed a retrospective observational study of adult patients in the University of Colorado Health System from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2020, using Health Data Compass (HDC), a data warehouse that combines electronic health information with claims and public health data in Colorado. We screened HDC for patients with either (1) an abnormal aquaporin‐4 IgG test or (2) any G36 ICD‐10 code. We extracted key clinical elements by chart review and confirmed diagnosis by the 2015 International Panel for NMO Diagnosis criteria. Annual incidence and prevalence rates were calculated.ResultsOur population consisted of 2,475,591 individuals contributing 11,103,522.72 person‐years of observation. In total, 115 seropositive NMOSD patients were identified. The average yearly incidence was 0.22 per 100,000 person‐years. Age and sex‐adjusted prevalence (per 100,000) was 4.33, and highest among those identifying as Asian or Pacific Islander (17.72), and Black (14.74), as separately by Hispanic ethnicity (8.02). Prevalence was higher in women (6.20:1 female:male ratio). Transverse myelitis (45%) and optic neuritis (43%) were the most common presenting clinical syndromes. In total, 6% of initial presentations were characterized by short‐segment transverse myelitis without other features.InterpretationSeropositive NMOSD incidence is higher in our cohort than many contemporary studies. Women and those identifying as Asian or Pacific Islander, Black, and Hispanic shoulder the highest burden of disease. Clinical onset with short‐segment myelitis underscores the need for serum aquaporin‐4 IgG testing in acute myelitis presentations.
Advanced Mycelium Skins for Sustainable Electronics
Authors: Pruckner Roland , Holzinger Laura , Preninger David , Breitwieser Magdalena , Lehner Lukas , Putz Christoph , Demchyshyn Stepan , Berrer Simon , Hirz Astrid , Koeppe Robert , Hild Sabine , Kaltenbrunner Martin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDeveloping sustainable substrates for electronics is key to reduce the global reliance on fossil‐based synthetic polymers. Mycelium‐based materials are emerging as promising alternatives as they up‐cycle agricultural wastes and offer biodegradability. However, their often inhomogeneous growth and relatively rough surface limit their applicability, especially for thin‐film electronics. Here, post‐growth treatments such as deacetylation of chitin that modify the structure and composition of the mycelium and improve its mechanical and electrical characteristics are introduced. The resulting mycelium foil demonstrates extended durability, reduced electrical conductivity, and a reduced surface roughness Rrms of 2.7 ± 0.7 µm while maintaining its thermal stability and biodegradability. Metallic thin films deposited onto these foils exhibit conductivities as high as 18.08 ± 2.38 × 104 Scm−1 and withstand more than 10000 bending repetitions. Coating the mycelium foil with biodegradable shellac further smoothens its surface and provides moisture resistance. In addition, it serves as an adhesive for the lamination of copper (Cu) layers which, structured by laser ablation, enable flexible electronic devices such as a Near‐Field‐Communication‐Tag. The recovery of non‐biodegradable components is moreover enabled through triggered dissolution in ethanol. These developments in mycelium‐based electronics offer viable solutions to promote eco‐friendly manufacturing processes and ultimately reduce electronic waste.
Interface‐Modulated Antiferroelectric‐to‐Ferroelectric‐Like Transition in Ultrathin Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 Films
Authors: Lu Haoyu , Li Yu , Han Jiyuan , Huangfu Geng , Feng Guan , Yin Shuaishuai , Wei Yingfen , Jiang Hao , Zheng Changlin , Liu Qi , Liu Ming 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe development of ultrathin (≤5 nm) hafnia‐based ferroelectric (FE) films is essential for achieving low operating voltages, facilitating their integration into advanced process nodes for low‐power and non‐volatile memory applications. However, challenges in ultrathin FE films arise from the depolarization field and interface‐related issues, leading to an antiferroelectric‐like (AFE‐like) polarization switching behavior and more significant wake‐up effects, causing operational inconvenience and reliability concerns. Here, interface‐modulated ferroelectricity is reported in 4 nm Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) thin films, demonstrating excellent properties with low operating voltage, enhanced switching speed, and high reliability. Electrical and structural characterizations reveal that adjusting interface asymmetry may introduce a substantial built‐in field (Ebi) and an AFE‐like switching behavior can exhibit a robust FE‐like characteristic. This AFE‐to‐FE‐like transition is driven by switching kinetics rather than commonly proposed phase transitions. Furthermore, a comprehensive model is developed to elucidate the intricate physics of the modulation mechanism by asymmetric interfaces, emphasizing the critical roles of depolarizing effects and Ebi on ferroelectricity. This work underscores the importance of interfaces in engineering ferroelectricity for advanced electronic applications.
Vacancy Remediation in Prussian Blue Analogs for High‐Performance Sodium and Potassium Ion Batteries
Authors: Wu Ruixue , Ren Bo , Wang Xianda , Lin Jie , Li Xiaoxia , Zheng Jinlong , Yang Hui Ying , Shang Yang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) and potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) have enormous potential for large‐scale energy storage due to their cost‐effectiveness, safety, and environmental compatibility. Developing high‐capacity and highly reliable cathode materials is key to advancing the commercialization of SIBs and PIBs. Low‐cost Prussian blue analogs (PBAs), with their open 3D framework and ease of synthesis, are preferred cathode materials for energy storage applications. However, the unique growth mechanism of PBAs introduces numerous Fe(CN)6 vacancies, which compromise structural integrity and result in capacity decay due to structural collapse during long‐term electrochemical cycling. Additionally, cracking can cause the dissolution of transition metal (TM) ions, undesirable interfacial reactions, and gas generation, which shorten the battery's lifespan and raise safety concerns. In this review, the mechanisms of growth and vacancy formation in PBAs is first clarified, providing a comprehensive overview of current strategies for vacancy remediation based on both bottom‐up and top‐down approaches. It is then elucidate how optimized vacancy remediation mechanisms can enhance lattice and interfacial stability, suppress TM dissolution and mitigate gas generation. Finally, it is discussed future research directions and provide perspectives on the further development of high‐performance cathode materials for SIBs and PIBs.
Mediation of Oxidation and Spin States of Fe/P‐CoO2 Core–Shell Structures Catalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Lv Hong , Gao Yuanfeng , Li Dong‐Sheng , Yu Aimin , Sun Chenghua , Zhang Cunman 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLow‐cost, high‐performance oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts are crucial for water electrolysis. Herein, the synthesis of low‐cost Fe/P‐CoO2 amorphous catalyst is reported, achieving an ultralow overpotential of 260 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in 1 m KOH. Assembled Pt/C||Co0.75Fe0.25P/MWCNTs system affords a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at a cell voltage of only 1.53 V, which is much better than that of the benchmark Pt/C||RuO2 system (1.62 V). Such performance lies ointhe electronic mediation of active sites with asymmetric Co‐ and Fe‐coordination structures with different d‐band occupancy. The combination of Fe‐cationic and P‐anionic coordination effectively optimizes the adsorption of OER intermediates (OH*, O*), promoting direct O*─O* coupling and avoiding the formation of unstable OOH* intermediate. Benefiting from these advantages, Co0.75Fe0.25P/MWCNTs demonstrate excellent OER activity and stability, surpassing the benchmark RuO2. The proposed strategy presents a novel approach for the synthesis of cost‐effective, highly efficient, and durable electrocatalysts for alkaline OER.
A New Self‐Healing Green Polymer Gel with Dynamic Networks for Flow Control in Harsh Reservoirs
Authors: Kang Chuanhong , Guo Jixiang , Kiyingi Wyclif , Li Jiao , Xue Pengcheng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHydrogels are widely used in flow control of underground reservoirs, a self‐healing in situ cross‐linked polymer gel system with a dynamic covalent adaptive network and dynamic disulfide bond is designed and constructed with cystine hydrochloride containing disulfide bond as a green cross‐linking agent. The polyacrylamide/cystine system can form a gel at temperatures above 110 °C, the dynamic disulfide bonds in the gel network make the hydrogels have excellent toughness and self‐healing properties and the maximum toughness value of the self‐healing gel is 57.5 MJ m−3, and the self‐healing efficiency can reach 88%. At the same time, the storage modulus of the gel can reach more than 2000 Pa with the addition of nano SiO2. The cross‐linked gel formulated using formation water is stable at 170 °C for more than 270 days. The modulated flooding experiment results show that the new gel system can effectively reduce the water content and increase the recovery rate by 32.2%. At the same time, the formation damage test shows that the average plugging rate of the gel is 95%, and the permeability damage is less than 15%. This new self‐healing green gel system can replace existing toxic gel systems and prioritize fluid flow control in harsh reservoir conditions.
PEDOT:PSS‐Facilitated Directionally 3‐D Assembled MXene‐Based Aerogel for High‐Performance Chemoresistive Sensing & Breath Analysis
Authors: Mohseni Taromsari Sara , Salari Meysam , Shi HaoTian Harvey , Habibpour Saeed , Saadatnia Zia , Tafreshi Omid Aghababaei , Yu Aiping , Park Chul B. , Naguib Hani E. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMXene has garnered growing interest in the field of electrochemistry, thanks to its unique electrical and surface characteristics. Nonetheless, significant challenges persist in realizing its full potential in chemoresistive sensing applications. In this study, a novel unidirectional freeze‐casting approach for fabricating a Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)‐facilitated vertically aligned MXene‐based aerogel with enhanced chemoresistive sensing properties was introduced. Firstly, the persistent challenge of poor gelation in MXene was addressed by formulating a nanohybrid of MXene and PEDOT:PSS, which acted as flexible conductive nanobinder. Employing a unique freeze‐casting method, MXene flakes interconnected by PEDOT:PSS, were stabilized into a flexible, vertically aligned structure, leading to maximum surface exposure and enhanced robustness. The resulting 3‐dimentional (3‐D) aerogel exhibited a fast, heightened chemoresistive response of 7 to 50 parts per million (ppm) acetone and expanded the working range to between 10 parts per billion (ppb)‐8000 ppm. Interfacial heterostructures formed between MXene and PEDOT:PSS, provided active sites, reduced activation energy, and enhanced selectivity. Modulated MXene bandgap, and its electron mobility further facilitated electron transfer, and enhanced signal strength. The sensor showed excellent biocompatibility and was also successfully employed as a breathalyzing tool, for on‐demand alcohol consumption monitoring.