bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphologic mapping and interpretation of ejecta deposits from Tsiolkovskiy crater
Authors: Morse Zachary R. , Osinski Gordon R. , Tornabene Livio L. , Neish Catherine D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHigh‐resolution images and elevation data sets from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter along with spectral data from the Clementine mission are used to identify and map in detail the well‐preserved Late Imbrian Tsiolkovskiy crater situated on the far side of the Moon. This study identifies five distinct morphologic units associated with Tsiolkovskiy crater and the surrounding ejecta blanket. Analysis of the spatial and stratigraphic relationships of each of the ejecta units shows an asymmetrical distribution of the overall ejecta blanket, as well as a consistent overprinting of ballistic ejecta by ponds and flows of impact melt‐bearing material. This study shows that the asymmetric distribution of the ejecta blanket, including a distinct up‐range “forbidden zone,” is related to the impact direction and angle for the impactor that formed Tsiolkovskiy crater. The consistent presence of melt‐bearing ponds and flows overlying the ballistic ejecta deposits indicates that two separate ejecta emplacement events occurred. We interpret this as an initial phase of ballistic ejecta emplacement during the excavation stage, followed by a second phase of melt‐bearing ejecta emplacement. The second phase begins during the end of the excavation stage and continues throughout and beyond the modification stage of crater formation.
TOWARDS A MORE RECIPROCAL DISCOURSE BETWEEN ANALYSIS AND PERFORMANCE
Authors: SEWELL IAN 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTThis critical commentary surveys some of the now‐canonical literature that redefined the relationship between analysis and performance after Wallace Berry. While efforts have been made to give performance a place at the analytical table, I maintain that our current conceptions of what counts as musical structure have remained overly indebted to music theory, stifling any balanced dialogue with performance, and I suggest one possible way forward by probing an unusual structural moment in a Mozart quartet movement.
Use of the functional luminal imaging probe in pediatrics: A comparison study of patients with achalasia before and after endoscopic dilation and non‐achalasia controls
Authors: Benitez Alain J. , Budhu Stephen , Burger Cassandra , Turco Rossella , Ballester Lance , Shah Amit , Lynch Kristle , Fiorino Kristin , Menard‐Katcher Calies , Muir Amanda B. , Mamula Petar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundAchalasia is an esophageal motility disorder characterized by esophagogastric junction (EGJ) dysfunction and impaired esophageal peristalsis with significant impact on quality of life. While the functional luminal imaging probe (FLIP) has been used to assess EGJ distensibility in achalasia, its clinical utility in pediatrics is limited due to absence of normative values and correlations with clinical outcomes in children. Thus, we sought to evaluate FLIP's use in a pediatric achalasia cohort undergoing dilations and non‐achalasia controls.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of pediatric patients with achalasia who underwent FLIP before and immediately after balloon dilations and compared to a non‐achalasia cohort.Key ResultsThirty patients with achalasia (mean age, 15.2 years; 40% female), including fourteen treatment‐naïve and thirteen controls (mean age, 7.9 years; 61% female) were identified. Median EGJ distensibility index (EGJ‐DI) 2.07 mm2 mmHg−1 and diameter (9.23 mm) in treatment‐naïve patients were significantly lower compared to controls (EGJ‐DI 6.8 mm2 mmHg−1; diameter 18.61 mm; (p < 0.001). Balloon dilations resulted in a significant increase in EGJ‐DI immediately after the dilation, particularly in treatment‐naïve patients (p < 0.001), and a significant improvement in Eckardt scores (p < 0.001).Conclusions & InferencesFunctional luminal imaging probe measurements of EGJ‐DI in pediatric patients with achalasia are mostly consistent with adult findings. However, normal EGJ‐DI is seen in symptomatic patients, including treatment‐naive, highlighting the need for pediatric reference data. Balloon dilations achieve a significant increase in EGJ‐DI with improvement in Eckardt scores, confirming the therapeutic value of dilations in achalasia management.
Photodynamic Therapy for Biomodulation and Disinfection in Implant Dentistry: Is It Feasible and Effective?
Authors: Choe Robert , Balhaddad Abdulrahman A. , Fisher John P. , Melo Mary Anne S. , Huang Huang‐Chiao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDental implants are the most common rehabilitation and restorative treatment used to replace missing teeth. Biofilms adhere to implant surfaces to trigger implant‐associated infection and inflammatory response. Clinically, the biofilm induces a local host response with the infiltration of phagocytic immune cells. The pro‐inflammatory surroundings set off osteoclastogenesis, which leads to the septic loosening of the implant. The standard of dental care for implant‐associated infection relies on a combination of surgery and antimicrobial therapy. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy is a noninvasive and photochemistry‐based approach capable of reducing bacterial load and modulating inflammatory responses. In this review, we explore the photobiomodulation and disinfection outcomes promoted by photodynamic therapy for implant infections, highlighting the quality of evidence on the most up‐to‐date studies, and discuss the major challenges on the advance of these therapeutic strategies.
Do angiosperm tree species adjust intervessel lateral contact in response to soil drought?
Authors: Jupa Radek , Krabičková Dita , Plichta Roman , Mayr Stefan , Gloser Vít 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDuring soil drought (i.e. limited soil water availability to plants), woody species may adjust the structure of their vessel network to improve their resistance against future soil drought stress. Impacts of soil drought on intervessel lateral contact remain poorly understood despite of its significance to xylem transport efficiency and safety. Here, we analysed drought‐induced modifications in xylem structures of temperate angiosperm trees with a focus on intervessel lateral contact. Anatomical analyses were performed both in stems of seedlings cultivated under different substrate water availability and annual rings of mature individuals developed during years of low and high soil drought intensities. In response to limited water availability, a decrease in vessel diameter (up to −20%) and simultaneous increase in vessel density (up to +60%) were observed both in seedlings and mature trees. Conversely, there were only small and inconsistent drought‐induced changes in intervessel contact frequency and intervessel contact fraction (typically up to ±15%) observed across species, indicating that intervessel lateral contact is a conservative trait. The small adjustments in intervessel lateral contacts were primarily driven by changes in the contact frequencies between neighbouring vessels (i.e. vessel grouping) rather than by changes in proportions of shared cell walls. Our results demonstrate that angiosperm tree species, despite remarkable adjustments in vessel dimensions and densities upon soil drought, exhibit surprisingly invariant intervessel lateral contact architecture.
Enhancing suicide prevention outreach via mobile‐enabled website design
Authors: Slay Patrick D. , Castille Kristina W. , Hong Esther , Polizzi Nicholas , Hoyt Tim 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOnline outreach campaigns are a potential public health method for reaching service members at risk for suicide. The Real Warriors Campaign website underwent a full redesign in 2019 to enhance its ability to provide crisis resources and increase engagement by adopting a mobile‐first strategy and implementing a responsive framework, meaning the site renders properly on all devices, including desktop, tablets, and mobile. Usability testing with end‐user service members led to several innovations on the website, including a one‐click banner that directly linked users on their mobile phones to crisis resources, the redesign of menus and content to better display on mobile devices, and promoting use of website resources through gateway topics. Comparing the 6 months before and after the mobile redesign showed significant increases in new mobile users, pages viewed on mobile devices, and new users coming to the site through social media. There was also a significant increase in specific help‐seeking actions by users, including use of referral links and live chat, as well as 200 individuals accessing crisis phone lines through new one‐click dialing banners. Suicide prevention campaigns should continue to optimize their online presence to reach groups at risk. This study of the website redesign from the Real Warriors Campaign illustrates several best practices in digital outreach as applied to suicide prevention, including leveraging usability testing, synching outreach material with social media, and ensuring mobile compatibility.
Veterans' satisfaction and perspectives on helpfulness of the Veterans Crisis Line
Authors: Johnson Lora L. , Muehler Tanner , Stacy Meaghan A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveCrisis hotlines are an important part of a public health approach to suicide prevention. The Veterans Crisis Line (VCL) provides hotline services to Veterans. There is a paucity of research concerning the effectiveness of the VCL. The current work describes efforts to establish groundwork for VCL effectiveness research.Methods155 VCL users who were referred to a Veterans Affairs Medical Center Suicide Prevention Team completed interviews including open‐ended and closed‐ended questions. Outcomes are reported for suicidal participants, non‐suicidal participants, and those who had emergency intervention. Thematic analysis was used for open‐ended questions.ResultsEighty‐seven percent of interviewees expressed satisfaction with the VCL, 81.9% reported that the VCL was helpful, and 72.9% said that the VCL helped keep them safe. Of those with suicidal thoughts, 82.6% said the contact helped stop them from killing themselves. Themes are described concerning user identified reasons for VCL contact, most and least helpful aspects of the contact, and suggestions for improvement.DiscussionThis project demonstrates that this group of people who used the VCL overwhelmingly finds the service to be helpful and a barrier to suicide. Further, implications of user feedback for application to VCL operations and future research are discussed.
Silence is Deadly: A controlled trial of a public health intervention to promote help‐seeking in adolescent males
Authors: Calear Alison L. , Morse Alyssa R. , Batterham Philip J. , Forbes Owen , Banfield Michelle 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo test the effectiveness of a male‐targeted upstream public health intervention in increasing help‐seeking intentions for mental disorders and suicide in an adolescent population.MethodA two‐arm controlled trial was conducted with 10 schools in the Australian Capital Territory. A total of 594 male adolescents aged between 16 and 18 years participated in the study. Participants in the intervention condition received the single session Silence is Deadly program, while participants in the control condition completed usual classes. All participants completed a pre‐intervention, post‐intervention, and a 6‐ to 12‐week follow‐up survey assessing help‐seeking intentions, attitudes, and behaviors.ResultsAt follow‐up, the Silence is Deadly program was found to significantly increase help‐seeking intentions from friends, which was in line with the program’s messaging to seek help from and provide support to friends in times of distress or suicide risk. The program did not have an effect on help‐seeking intentions for other sources of help or on help‐seeking attitudes and behavior.ConclusionsThe present study provides preliminary support for male‐targeted public health interventions for suicide that use male‐focused norming and role modeling to improve help‐seeking in this population.
Mental health first aid training for Extension agents in rural communities
Authors: Robertson Mary Nelson , DeShong Hilary L. , Steen Je’Kylynn S. , Buys David R. , Nadorff Michael R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe goal of the current study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) in broadening the network of gatekeepers in rural communities.MethodExtension agents in Mississippi who completed MHFA training were recruited via email to participate in a 22‐item, web‐based, quantitative and qualitative, six‐month follow‐up survey that measured demographic characteristics, which MHFA skills agents used post‐training, barriers to skill use, and confidence in ability to use those skills (n = 80).ResultsOver 60% of the agents reported using the skills learned from the MHFA training, and nearly 15% of agents reported having an encounter with someone in crisis since completing the MHFA training. Agent participants reported using the skills learned from the training with farmers, 4‐H youth, volunteers, and parents, family members, colleagues, and friends. One agent commented that the training, “has been very helpful in speaking with various people and has increased confidence when encountering someone with mental health challenges.”ConclusionMHFA trainings appear to increase the confidence and competence of Extension agents as community gatekeepers and may greatly enhance the reach of the mental health network of rural areas by increasing identification and referral of those requiring mental health services.
The effect of state gun laws on youth suicide by firearm: 1981–2017
Authors: Kappelman Jack , Fording Richard C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundMany studies have found that state gun laws that regulate the purchase and possession of firearms can lead to a reduction in suicide rates. Yet, the literature has primarily focused on the effects of state gun laws on adult suicides, despite the fact that some gun laws are specifically tailored to restrict the purchase and possession of firearms by youths.AimsIn this study, we estimate the effect of two such laws—Child Access Prevention (CAP) laws and minimum age laws—on youth suicide by firearm rates.Materials & MethodsOur sample consists of state‐level panel data for 41 states observed over the years 1981–2017.ResultsBased on a series of negative binomial regression analyses, we confirm previous research by finding that CAP laws are associated with a decrease in youth suicides by firearm, especially among males. However, we show that this effect is limited to states that have adopted relatively strict CAP laws. We also find that minimum age laws serve to reduce the youth suicide rate, but once again this effect is largely concentrated among males. Finally, we investigate the possibility that these effects were countered to some degree by “means substitution”—the substitution of firearms with other methods of suicide.DiscussionSimilar to other studies that have examined this question, we find no effect of youth‐targeted gun laws on nonfirearm suicide deaths.ConclusionDespite the noteworthy increase in youth suicide rates over the last decade, our results suggest that state laws which restrict firearm access to young people continue to represent a potentially effective strategy for suicide reduction.
Masks, Interferers, Finks, and Mimickers: A Novel Approach
Authors: Paolini Paoletti Michele 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMasks, interferers, finks, reverse finks, and mimickers are troublesome for powers metaphysics insofar as the latter concedes that there are powers with essential stimuli/activation conditions. In this article, I aim at offering a novel approach for solving this problem. In Section 1, I shall present the problem; and in Section 2, I shall briefly show how it also arises within non‐reductive views of powers. Subsequently, in Section 3, I shall examine the failure of the ceteris paribus solution. The pars construens will begin in Section 4, where I shall distinguish between the activation conditions, the background conditions, and the possession conditions of a power. Within each category, I shall draw further distinctions. In Section 5, I shall demonstrate how such distinctions may ground a solution to our problem. Finally, in Section 6, I shall anticipate and reply to four objections.
English language choices in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Ahn Elise S. , Smagulova Juldyz 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article examines English language choice amidst dynamic social and linguistic change contexts in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. Kazakhstan has formally committed to an official trilingual language policy – Kazakh, Russian, and English. In comparison, Kyrgyzstan has a dual language policy – Kyrgyz and Russian. However, its Ministry of Education and Science has demonstrated an informal commitment to developing English competency in‐country through various English language teaching/learning initiatives. Using data collected between 2014 and 2017 in both countries, this article explores how English language teaching/learning is positioned differently in these two Central Asian Republics, while also aiming to understand how participants’ language choices were informed both by the particularities of their contexts and the intersectional nature of language choice.
Heightened respiratory‐parasympathetic coupling to airways in the spontaneously hypertensive rat
Authors: Moraes Davi J. A. , da Silva Melina P. , de Souza Daniel P. , Felintro Viviane , Paton Julian F. R. 
Published: April 2021

Key points
Carotid body (CB) chemoreceptors are hyperactive in hypertension, and their acute activation produces bronchoconstriction.
We show that the respiratory‐modulated bronchiolar tone, pulmonary parasympathetic efferent activity, and the firing frequency and synaptic excitation of bronchoconstrictor motoneurones in the nucleus ambiguus were all enhanced in spontaneous hypertensive (SH) rats.
In SH rats, CB denervation reduced the respiratory‐related parasympathetic‐mediated bronchoconstrictor tone to levels seen in normotensive rats.
Chemoreflex evoked bronchoconstrictor tone was heightened in SH versus normotensive rats.
The intrinsic electrophysiological properties and morphology of bronchoconstrictor motoneurones were similar across rat strains.
The heightened respiratory modulation of parasympathetic‐mediated bronchoconstrictor tone to the airways in SH rats is caused by afferent drive from the CBs.
AbstractMuch research has described heightened sympathetic activity in hypertension and diminished parasympathetic tone, especially to the heart. The carotid body (CB) chemoreceptors exhibit hyperreflexia and are hyperactive, providing excitatory drive to sympathetic networks in hypertension. Given that acute CB activation produces reflex evoked bronchoconstriction via activation of parasympathetic vagal efferents, we hypothesised that the parasympathetic bronchoconstrictor activity is enhanced in spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats and that this is dependent on CB inputs. In situ preparations of Wistar and SH rats were used in which bronchiolar tone, the pulmonary branch of the vagus (pVN) and phrenic nerves were recorded simultaneously; whole cell patch clamp recordings of bronchoconstrictor vagal motoneurones were also made from the nucleus ambiguus. Bronchiolar tone, pVN and bronchoconstrictor motoneurones were respiratory modulated and this modulation was enhanced in SH rats. These differences were all eliminated after CB denervation. Stimulation of the CBs increased the phrenic frequency that caused a summation of the respiratory‐related increases in pVN, resulting in the development of bronchoconstrictor tone. This tone was exaggerated in SH rats. The enhanced respiratory‐parasympathetic coupling to airways in SH rats was not due to differences in the intrinsic electrophysiological properties of bronchoconstrictor motoneurones but reflected heightened pre‐inspiratory‐ and inspiratory‐related synaptic drive. In summary, in SH rats the phasic respiratory modulation of parasympathetic tone to the airways is elevated and the greater development of this bronchoconstrictor tone is caused by the heightened afferent drive originating from the CBs. Thus, targeting the CBs may prove effective for increasing lower airway patency.
Minimum Energy Control of a Unicycle Model Robot
Authors: Kim Youngjin , Singh Tarunraj 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Point-to-point path planning for a kinematic model of a differential-drive wheeled mobile robot (WMR) with the goal of minimizing input energy is the focus of this work. An optimal control problem is formulated to determine the necessary conditions for optimality and the resulting two point boundary value problem is solved in closed form using Jacobi elliptic functions. The resulting nonlinear programming problem is solved for two variables and the results are compared to the traditional shooting method to illustrate that the Jacobi elliptic functions parameterize the exact profile of the optimal trajectory. A set of terminal constraints which lie on a circle in the first quadrant are used to generate a set of optimal solutions. It is noted that for maneuvers where the angle of the vector connecting the initial and terminal point is greater than a threshold, which is a function of the radius of the terminal constraint circle, the robot initially moves into the third quadrant before terminating in the first quadrant. The minimum energy solution is compared to two other optimal control formulations: (1) an extension of the Dubins vehicle model where the constant linear velocity of the robot is optimized for and (2) a simple turn and move solution, both of whose optimal paths lie entirely in the first quadrant. Experimental results are used to validate the optimal trajectories of the differential-drive robot.
Design and Optimization of a Composite Heat Spreader to Improve the Thermal Management of a Three-Dimensional Integrated Circuit
Authors: Tavakoli Andisheh , Vafai Kambiz 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study establishes a numerical investigation of the optimal distribution of a limited amount of high thermal conductivity material to enhance the heat removal from 3D integrated circuits, IC. The structure of the heat spreader is designed as a composite of high thermal conductivity (Boron Arsenide) and moderate thermal conductivity (copper) materials. The volume ratio of high-conductivity inserts to the total volume of the spreader is set at a fixed pertinent ratio. Two different boundary conditions of constant and variable temperature are considered for the heat sink. To examine the impact of adding high-conductivity inserts on the cooling performance of the heat spreader, various patterns of the single and double ring inserts are studied. A parametric study is performed to find the optimal location of the rings. Moreover, the optimal distribution of the high-conductivity material between the inner and outer rings is found. The results show that for the optimal conditions, the maximum temperature of the 3D IC is reduced up to 10%; while at the same time, the size of the heat sink and heat spreader can be diminished by as much as 200%.