bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proton resonance frequency‐based thermometry for aqueous and adipose tissues
Authors: Zong Shenyan , Shen Guofeng , Mei Chang‐Sheng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeThe proton resonance frequency (PRF)‐based thermometry uses heating‐induced phase variations to reconstruct magnetic resonance (MR) temperature maps. However, the measurements of the phase differences may be corrupted by the presence of fat due to its phase being insensitive to heat. The work aims to reconstruct the PRF‐based temperature maps for tissues containing fat.MethodsThis work proposes a PRF‐based method that eliminates the fat's phase contribution by estimating the temperature‐insensitive fat vector. A vector in a complex domain represents a given voxel's magnetization from an acquired, complex MR image. In this method, a circle was fit to a time series of vectors acquired from a heated region during a heating experiment. The circle center served as the fat vector, which was then subtracted from the acquired vectors, leaving only the temperature‐sensitive vectors for thermal mapping. This work was verified with the gel phantoms of 10%, 15%, and 20% fat content and the ex vivo phantom of porcine abdomen tissue during water‐bath heating. It was also tested with an ex vivo porcine tissue during focused ultrasound (FUS) heating.ResultsA good agreement was found between the temperature measurements obtained from the proposed method and the optical fiber temperature probe in the verification experiments. In the gel phantoms, the linear regression provided a slope of 0.992 and an R2 of 0.994. The Bland–Altman analysis gave a bias of 0.49°C and a 95% confidence interval of ±1.60°C. In the ex vivo tissue, the results of the linear regression and Bland–Altman methods provided a slope of 0.979, an intercept of 0.353, an R2 of 0.947, and a 95% confidence interval of ±3.26°C with a bias of −0.14°C. In FUS tests, a temperature discrepancy of up to 28% was observed between the proposed and conventional PRF methods in ex vivo tissues containing fat.ConclusionsThe proposed PRF‐based method can improve the accuracy of the temperature measurements in tissues with fat, such as breast, abdomen, prostate, and bone marrow.
Synthetische Kraftstoffe: Oxygenat‐Verbindungen
Authors: Kundler Isabel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAuf der Fährte des Treibstoffs der Zukunft untersucht ein Projekt Dimethylcarbonat, Methylformiat und Oxymethylenether für Diesel‐ beziehungsweise Ottomotoren. Die flüssigen chemischen Energieträger lassen sich klimaneutral herstellen.
Oxidationsprozesse in der Atmosphäre
Authors: Berndt Torsten 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDer Abbau von Spurengasen in der Atmosphäre und Verbrennungsreaktionen verlaufen nach einem ähnlichen Prinzip. Dies zeigen Untersuchungen mit hochempfindlichen Methoden, die Vorgänge in der Natur im Labor nachbilden und mit denen sich Reaktionsketten massenspektrometrisch verfolgen lassen.
Elektromobilität und synthetische Kraftstoffe
Authors: Priester Denis , Krossing Ingo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEin CO2‐neutraler Transportsektor ist mit erneuerbarem Strom realisierbar. Wie viel elektrische Energie dafür nötig ist, hängt von den verwendeten Antriebsformen ab. Daher sind CO2‐Ausstoß und Energiebedarf der zur Verfügung stehenden Techniken stets gemeinsam zu betrachten: ob batterieelektrisch, brennstoffzellenbetrieben oder mit E‐Fuels angetrieben.
Gut verpackt ist manchmal besser
Authors: Osterath Brigitte 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEinkaufen, ohne sich hinterher durch Berge von Plastikmüll wühlen zu müssen − das wünschen sich immer mehr Verbraucher. Unverpacktläden liegen im Trend. 53 Prozent der Kunststoffabfälle in Deutschland, also 3,31 Millionen Tonnen, wurden im Jahr 2019 verbrannt und trugen so zu CO2‐Emissionen bei. Ob weniger Verpackung für die Umwelt besser ist, hängt allerdings vom Einzelfall ab. Insbesondere von der Frage, ob statt des Plastiks dann verdorbene Lebensmittel im Abfall landen.
Trendbericht Lebensmittelchemie
Authors: Hanschen Franziska S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDie Abbauwege von Glucosinolaten in Kohlgemüsen beeinflussen nicht nur deren sensorische Qualität, sondern auch die Effekte auf die menschliche Gesundheit. Hierbei ist die Zubereitungsweise der Gemüse entscheidend. Die Abbaumechanismen der Glucosinolate traten in den letzten Jahren verstärkt in den Fokus der Forschung.
Psychometric evaluation of Nurse Professional Competence Scale—Short‐form Chinese language version among nursing graduate students
Authors: Xu Lijuan , Nilsson Jan , Zhang June , Engström Maria 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to determine the psychometric properties, construct validity and internal consistency of the Chinese language version of the Nurse Professional Competence scale short form.DesignA methodological design was used.MethodsQuestionnaire data from 260 nursing students nearing graduation from 2 universities in China were analysed using confirmatory factor analysis, known‐group validity and internal consistency.ResultsThe confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the model was acceptable, and the analyses for known‐group validity revealed statistically significant differences in all factors and the total scale of the Nurse Professional Competence scale short form. Internal consistency revealed that Cronbach's alpha values exceeded 0.70 for all factors and the total scale. The Chinese language version of the Nurse Professional Competence scale short form has acceptable construct validity and good internal consistency.
Algorithmic approaches to ostomy management: An integrative review
Authors: Heerschap Corey , Butt Britney 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this review is to describe approaches to ostomy management utilizing algorithmic approaches found within the literature.DesignAn integrative review approach was used based on a modified Cooper's five‐stage research review framework.Data SourcesSystematic searches occurred using the CINAHL and MEDLINE databases searching for peer‐reviewed, English publications.Review MethodsThere were 640 articles identified through the review process, 608 of which were excluded based on title and abstract review. The remaining 12 articles were assessed in full text after which two studies were removed as duplicates and six studies were excluded based on inclusion/exclusion criteria. Four studies were included in this synthesis. Studies were critically analysed using a critical appraisal tool developed for both qualitative and quantitative study assessments.ResultsUtilizing inductive content analysis, included literature was presented within two categories: validation of ostomy algorithms and implementation of ostomy algorithms in practice. Four themes emerged from these categories including the following: algorithm validation, identifying underlying causes, focus on accessories and large‐scale implementation.ConclusionNo currently available validated algorithms published in full were found during this literature review. Current literature demonstrates the potential benefit for ostomy management algorithms to standardize and improve ostomy patient care.ImpactThis study sought to determine the availability and supporting research of ostomy management algorithms which may assist in standardizing and improving ostomy care. This review has demonstrated a lack of available ostomy management algorithms. Given the potential benefit of ostomy algorithms identified within the literature, further studies should be completed to develop, validate and test new ostomy management algorithms.
Causes of burnout syndrome and coping strategies among high dependency unit nurses of an institution in the greater Accra region of Ghana
Authors: Boateng Yaa Adomaah , Osei Sylvia Ama , Aboh Irene Korkoi , Druye Andrew Adyei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to determine the causes of burnout syndrome and identify strategies to cope with them among nurses at high dependency unit if a regional Hospital in Ghana.DesignA descriptive convenient and purposive cross‐sectional study design was used for this study.MethodsThe study involved 40 nurses in the high dependency unit of the Hospital. A Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was adopted to measure burnout experienced by these nurses concentrating on feelings of being emotionally exhausted and lack of energy, depersonalization, feelings of impersonal response towards patients and personal achievement.Results62.5% of the respondents were in the high emotional exhaustion, 55% scored high in the depersonalization section and 52.5% scored high in the personal achievement (competence) on the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI).
Eight‐week exercise training in humans with obesity: Marked improvements in insulin sensitivity and modest changes in gut microbiome
Authors: Verheggen Rebecca J. H. M. , Konstanti Prokopis , Smidt Hauke , Hermus Ad R. M. M. , Thijssen Dick H. J. , Hopman Maria T. E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveObesity is associated with impaired gut microbiota diversity, which has been linked to the development of type 2 diabetes. This study aims to examine the effects of an 8‐week aerobic exercise intervention on insulin sensitivity, visceral adiposity, and gut microbiota diversity and composition in participants with obesity.MethodsFourteen participants (mean [SD], age 51 [11] years; BMI 34.9 [4.9] kg/m2) performed an 8‐week exercise intervention (2 to 4 times/week on 65% to 85% of heart rate reserve). Insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulemic euglycemic clamp), cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen uptake), visceral adiposity (dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry scan) and gut microbiota composition (16S rRNA gene sequencing) were measured before and after the intervention.ResultsInsulin sensitivity showed a significant increase (pre: 3.8 [1.9] mg/min/kg; post: 4.5 [1.7] mg/min/kg; p = 0.007) after training, whereas visceral adiposity decreased (pre: 959 [361] cm3; post: 897 [364] cm3; p = 0.02). No change in gut microbiota α‐ or β‐diversity was found. At the genus level, the abundance of Ruminococcus gauvreauii (p = 0.02); Lachnospiraceae FCS020 group (p = 0.04), and Anaerostipes (p = 0.04) significantly increased after exercise training. Significant positive correlations were present for M‐value (R. gauvreauii) and VO2 max (R. gauvreauii and Anaerostipes).ConclusionsEight‐week exercise training in humans with obesity leads to marked improvements in insulin sensitivity and body composition and is accompanied by modest changes in 3 gut microbiome genera, all belonging to the Firmicutes phylum.
COVID‐19 pandemic and stay‐at‐home mandates promote weight gain in US adults
Authors: Seal Adam , Schaffner Andrew , Phelan Suzanne , Brunner‐Gaydos Hannah , Tseng Marilyn , Keadle Sarah , Alber Julia , Kiteck Isabelle , Hagobian Todd 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to prospectively examine the effect of state stay‐at‐home mandates on weight of US adults by BMI over 3 months during COVID‐19.MethodsUS adults completed an online questionnaire containing demographics, weight, physical activity, sedentary time, fruit/vegetable intake, depressive symptoms, stress, and sleep at baseline (May 2020) and after 3 months (August 2020).ResultsParticipants gained 0.6 kg (76.7‐77.3 kg, p = 0.002). A total of 26% of those with obesity gained > 2 kg compared with 14.8% of those with normal weight (p < 0.001). A total of 53.3% of individuals with obesity maintained weight within 2 kg compared with 72.5% of those with normal weight (p < 0.001). Greater weight gain was related to longer stay‐at‐home mandates (β = 0.078, p = 0.010), lower baseline minutes of physical activity per day (β = −0.107, p = 0.004), greater declines in minutes of physical activity per day (β = −0.076, p = 0.026), depressive symptoms (β = 0.098, p = 0.034), and greater increases in time preparing food (β = 0.075, p = 0.031).ConclusionsUS adults gained weight, and stay‐at‐home mandates were associated with atypical weight gain and greater reported weight gain in individuals with obesity over 3 months.
The Kids on the Bus: The Academic Consequences of Diversity‐Driven School Reassignments
Authors: Domina Thurston , Carlson Deven , Carter James , Lenard Matthew , McEachin Andrew , Perera Rachel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMany public school diversity efforts rely on reassigning students from one school to another. While opponents of such efforts articulate concerns about the consequences of reassignments for students’ educational experiences, little evidence exists regarding these effects, particularly in contemporary policy contexts. Using an event study design, we leverage data from an innovative socioeconomic school desegregation plan to estimate the effects of reassignment on reassigned students’ achievement, attendance, and exposure to exclusionary discipline. Between 2000 and 2010, North Carolina's Wake County Public School System (WCPSS) reassigned approximately 25 percent of students with the goal of creating socioeconomically diverse schools. Although WCPSS's controlled school choice policy provided opportunities for reassigned students to opt out of their newly reassigned schools, our analysis indicates that reassigned students typically attended their newly reassigned schools. We find that reassignment modestly boosts reassigned students’ math achievement, reduces reassigned students’ rate of suspension, and has no offsetting negative consequences on other outcomes. Exploratory analyses suggest that the effects of reassignment do not meaningfully vary by student characteristics or school choice decisions. The results suggest that carefully designed school assignment policies can improve school diversity without imposing academic or disciplinary costs on reassigned students.
Cardiac‐specific deletion of FDPS induces cardiac remodeling and dysfunction by enhancing the activity of small GTP‐binding proteins
Authors: Wang Xiying , Zhang Xuan , Chen Yuxiao , Zhao Chenze , Zhou Weier , Chen Wanwan , Zhang Chi , Ding Kejun , Li Weidong , Xu Hongfei , Lou Lian , Chu Zhenliang , Hu ShenJiang , Yang Jian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe mevalonate pathway is essential for cholesterol biosynthesis. Previous studies have suggested that the key enzyme in this pathway, farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDPS), regulates the cardiovascular system. We used human samples and mice that were deficient in cardiac FDPS (c‐Fdps−/− mice) to investigate the role of FDPS in cardiac homeostasis. Cardiac function was assessed using echocardiography. Left ventricles were examined and tested for histological and molecular markers of cardiac remodeling. Our results showed that FDPS levels were downregulated in samples from patients with cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, c‐Fdps−/− mice exhibited cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. This dysfunction was associated with abnormal activation of Ras and Rheb, which may be due to the accumulation of geranyl pyrophosphate. Activation of Ras and Rheb stimulated downstream mTOR and ERK pathways. Moreover, administration of farnesyltransferase inhibitors attenuated cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in c‐Fdps−/− mice. These results indicate that FDPS plays an important role in cardiac homeostasis. Deletion of FDPS stimulates the downstream mTOR and ERK signaling pathways, resulting in cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on a large cohort of adult survivors of childhood cancer
Authors: Krull Kevin R. , McDonald Aaron , Goodman Pamela , Vukadinovich Christopher , Ford James , Leisenring Wendy M. , Chow Eric J. , Robison Leslie L. , Armstrong Gregory T. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractChildhood cancersurvivors may be differentially impacted by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). From April to June of 2020, we examined psychosocial/health concerns in 4148 adult survivors and 571 siblings. Although more survivors reported concerns about getting sick (p = .002) and needing hospitalization (p = .003) in general, survivors and siblings were comparably concerned about being infected with and the consequences of COVID‐19. Cranial radiation was associated with social isolation (relative risk [RR] = 1.3, CI = 1.1–1.7), and central nervous system (CNS) tumors were associated with unemployment due to COVID‐19 (RR = 1.7, CI = 1.2–2.2). Some survivors appear more vulnerable and may require more support to meet health care and vocational needs during COVID‐19, though siblings also perceive substantial risk.
Revealing the effect of oligo(ethylene glycol) side chains on n‐doping process in FBDPPV‐based polymers
Authors: Wang Xin‐Yi , Liu Yi , Wang Zi‐Yuan , Lu Yang , Yao Ze‐Fan , Ding Yi‐Fan , Yu Zi‐Di , Wang Jie‐Yu , Pei Jian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe low doping efficiency of n‐doped systems limits the development of n‐type organic conducting materials. Oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) as the flexible chain in conjugated small molecules and polymers may improve doping efficiency. However, OEG side chains also bring unexpected low mobility and poor film morphology. Herein, we propose the stronger solution‐state aggregation plays a dominated role in charge transport and morphology of OEG‐substituted polymer. The solution‐state aggregation also affects doping process. Therefore, we develop a series of polymers based on 3,7‐bis((E)‐7‐fluoro‐1‐(2‐octyldodecyl)‐2‐oxoindolin‐3‐ylidene)‐3,7‐dihydrobenzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b']difuran‐2,6‐dione (FBDPPV) with different ratios of OEG side chain to investigate the effect of side chain on solution‐state aggregation and n‐doping process. After n‐doped by hexahydro‐1H,3a1H,4H,7H‐3a,6a,9a‐triazaphenalene (TAM), FBDPPV with 50% OEG affords the highest doping efficiency and conductivity, while FBDPPV with 100% OEG shows lower conductivity. Combination of ultraviolet–visible–near infrared absorption spectra, grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering and atomic force microscopy, we reveal that serious aggregated extent in solution of OEG‐substituted polymer result in phase separation and rough morphology, which are the origins of poor conductivity. Our work provides a new perspective on the effect of the OEG side chain on the doped polymer systems, suggesting suitable solution‐state aggregation is crucial to high doping efficiency and high conductivity.
Illness representations, coping and anxiety among men with localized prostate cancer over an 18‐months period: A parallel vs. level‐contrast mediation approach
Authors: Otto Isabella , Hilger Caren , Magheli Ahmed , Stadler Gertraud , Kendel Friederike 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveMen diagnosed with localized prostate cancer (lPCa) are confronted with the decision for a treatment strategy, potentially experiencing treatment side effects and psychological distress. The Common Sense Model proposes that coping with such challenges is related to illness representations: Beliefs regarding consequences, coherence, timeline, and controllability of the illness. We analyzed the interplay of illness representations, coping and anxiety over an 18‐month period among men with lPCa undergoing different treatment options (Active Surveillance, curative treatment).MethodsIn this longitudinal study, 183 men (age M = 66.83) answered a questionnaire before starting treatment, and 6, 12, and 18 months later. We analyzed time trajectories with growth curve modeling and conducted mediation analyses to evaluate the influence of coping on the association of illness representations and anxiety. Using a novel methodological approach, we compared a classic parallel mediation model with a level‐contrast approach for the correlated mediators problem‐ and emotion‐focused coping.ResultsIndependent of treatment (b = 1.31, p = 0.200) men reported an elevated level of anxiety after diagnosis which declined considerably within the following 6 months (b = −1.87, p = 0.009). The perceived seriousness of consequences was significantly associated with greater anxiety, at baseline (β = 0.471) and over time (all β ≥ 0.204). This association was mediated by coping: Using more emotion‐than problem‐focused coping was associated with higher anxiety.ConclusionsReceiving a lPCa diagnosis is associated with a phase of increased anxiety. In order to reduce anxiety, information provision should be accompanied by developing concrete action plans to enable problem‐focused coping strategies.
Gaussian process regression‐based detection and correction of disturbances in surface topography measurements
Authors: Maculotti Giacomo , Genta Gianfranco , Quagliotti Danilo , Galetto Maurizio , Hansen Hans N. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractModern smart and intelligent manufacturing is characterised by an increasing use of highly engineered surfaces and quasi‐free form geometries, for example, by additive manufacturing, and the requirement for fast and informative measurement tools for quality controls in production. These have lately pulled towards the adoption of optical surface topography measuring instruments to qualify technological surfaces, which are core to being assessed to characterise the product and optimise the manufacturing process. Surface topography measurements performed by optical instruments are known to suffer from disturbances, such as non‐measured points and spikes. These are due to complex interactions between the measurand and the instrument and may result in poor measurement quality and biased characterisation results. Currently, the correction of measurement disturbances is carried out by empirical approaches which mostly involve thresholding and interpolations, whose sensitivity is often devolved to the operator. In this work, a Gaussian process regression‐based approach is outlined to identify and correct measurement disturbances exploiting spatial correlation properties of the measurements to provide a formal, robust, and univocally defined approach to manage measurement disturbances. The proposed approach, differently from currently available alternatives, is capable of managing at once the different type of disturbances by means of a supervised machine learning technique. The formal and practical advantages of the proposed method are discussed exploiting case studies of industrial interest applied on quasi‐flat surfaces to stress the disturbances effect.
Robust orbital stabilization: A Floquet theory–based approach
Authors: Sætre Christian Fredrik , Shiriaev Anton S. , Freidovich Leonid B. , Gusev Sergei V. , Fridman Leonid M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe design of robust orbitally stabilizing feedback is considered. From a known orbitally stabilizing controller for a nominal, disturbance‐free system, a robustifying feedback extension is designed utilizing the sliding‐mode control (SMC) methodology. The main contribution of the article is to provide a constructive procedure for designing the time‐invariant switching function used in the SMC synthesis. More specifically, its zero‐level set (the sliding manifold) is designed using a real Floquet–Lyapunov transformation to locally correspond to an invariant subspace of the Monodromy matrix of a transverse linearization. This ensures asymptotic stability of the periodic orbit when the system is confined to the sliding manifold, despite any system uncertainties and external disturbances satisfying a matching condition. The challenging task of oscillation control of the underactuated cart–pendulum system subject to both matched‐ and unmatched disturbances/uncertainties demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed scheme.