bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-invasive brain stimulation effectiveness in anxiety disorder treatment: a meta-analysis on sham/behavior-controlled studies
Authors: Vergallito Alessandra , Gallucci Alessia , Pisoni Alberto , Caselli Gabriele , Ruggiero Giovanni M. , Sassaroli Sandra , Lauro Leonor J. Romero 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecently, the possibility of using non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) to treat mental disorders received considerable attention. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are considered effective treatments for depressive symptoms. However, no recommendation is available for anxiety disorders, suggesting that evidence is still limited.ObjectiveWe systematically revised the existing literature, and quantitatively analyzed the effectiveness of rTMS and tDCS in anxiety disorders treatment.MethodFollowing PRISMA guidelines, 3 electronic databases were screened to the end of February 2020 to select English-written peer-reviewed articles including (i) a clinical sample of patients with anxiety disorders, (ii) the use of a NIBS technique, (iii) the inclusion of a control condition, and (iv) pre-post scores at a validated questionnaire measuring anxious symptoms.ResultsEleven papers met the inclusion criteria, comprising 154 participants assigned to the real stimulation condition and 164 to the sham or control group. TheHedge gfor scores at disorder specific and general anxiety questionnaires before and after the treatment was computed as effect size and analyzed in two independent random-effects meta-analyses. Considering the well-known comorbidity between anxiety and depression, a third meta-analysis was run, analyzing depression scores outcomes. Results showed a significant effect of NIBS in reducing questionnaires scores in the real vs. control condition at specific and general anxiety measures, and depressive symptoms.ConclusionAlbeit preliminary, our findings highlighted that real stimulation reduced anxiety and depression scores compared to the control condition, suggesting that NIBS can alleviate clinical symptoms in patients with anxiety diseases.
Porcine pancreatic ductal epithelial cells transformed with KRASG12Dand SV40T are tumorigenic
Authors: Bailey Katie , Cartwright Sara B. , Patel Neesha S. , Remmers Neeley , Lazenby Audrey J. , Hollingsworth Michael A. , Carlson Mark A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe describe our initial studies in the development of an orthotopic, genetically-defined, large animal model of pancreatic cancer. Primary pancreatic epithelial cells were isolated from pancreatic duct of domestic pigs. A transformed cell line was generated from these primary cells with oncogenic KRAS and SV40T. The transformed cell lines outperformed the primary and SV40T immortalized cells in terms of proliferation, population doubling time, soft agar growth, transwell migration and invasion. The transformed cell line grew tumors when injected subcutaneously in nude mice, forming glandular structures and staining for epithelial markers. Future work will include implantation studies of these tumorigenic porcine pancreatic cell lines into the pancreas of allogeneic and autologous pigs. The resultant large animal model of pancreatic cancer could be utilized for preclinical research on diagnostic, interventional, and therapeutic technologies.
Complement-associated loss of CA2 inhibitory synapses in the demyelinated hippocampus impairs memory
Authors: Ramaglia Valeria , Dubey Mohit , Malpede M. Alfonso , Petersen Naomi , de Vries Sharon I. , Lee Dennis S.W. , Schenk Geert J. , Gold Stefan M. , Huitinga Inge , Gommerman Jennifer L. , Geurts Jeroen J.G. , Kole Maarten H.P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe complement system is implicated in synapse loss in the MS hippocampus, but the functional consequences of synapse loss remain poorly understood. Here, in post-mortem MS hippocampi with demyelination we find that deposits of the complement component C1q are enriched in the CA2 subfield, are linked to loss of inhibitory synapses and are significantly higher in MS patients with cognitive impairments compared to those with preserved cognitive functions. Using the cuprizone mouse model of demyelination, we corroborated that C1q deposits are highest within the demyelinated dorsal hippocampal CA2 pyramidal layer, and co-localized with inhibitory synapses engulfed by microglia/macrophages. In agreement with the loss of inhibitory perisomatic synapses, we further found that Schaffer collateral feedforward inhibition but not excitation was impaired in CA2 pyramidal neurons and accompanied by a reduced spike output. Ultimately, we show that these electrophysiological changes were associated with an impaired encoding of social memories. Together, our findings identify CA2 as a critical circuit in demyelinated intrahippocampal lesions and memory dysfunctions in MS.
DiversewMel variants ofWolbachia pipientisdifferentially rescue fertility and cytological defects of thebag of marblespartial loss of function mutation inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Bubnell Jaclyn E. , Fernandez-Begne Paula , Ulbing Cynthia K.S. , Aquadro Charles F. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInDrosophila melanogaster,the maternally inherited endosymbiontWolbachia pipientisinteracts with germline stem cell genes during oogenesis. One such gene,bag of marbles(bam) is the key switch for differentiation and also shows signals of adaptive evolution for protein diversification. These observations have led us to hypothesize thatW. pipientiscould be driving the adaptive evolution ofbamfor control of oogenesis. To test this hypothesis, we must understand the specificity of the genetic interaction betweenbamandW. pipientis. Previously, we documented that theW. pipientisvariant,wMel, rescued the fertility of thebamBWhypomorphic mutant as a transheterozygote over abamnull. However,bamBWwas generated more than 20 years ago in an uncontrolled genetic background and maintained over a balancer chromosome. Consequently, the chromosome carryingbamBWaccumulated mutations that have prevented controlled experiments to further assess the interaction. Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to engineer the same single amino acidbamhypomorphic mutation (bamL255F) and a newbamnull disruption mutation into thew1118isogenic background. We assess the fertility of wildtypebam,bamL255F/bamnullhypomorphic, andbamL255F/ bamL255Fmutant females, each infected individually with tenW. pipientis wMel variants representing three phylogenetic clades. Overall, we find that all of theW. pipientisvariants tested here rescuebamhypomorphic fertility defects withwMelCS-like variants exhibiting the strongest rescue effects. Additionally, these variants did not increase wildtypebamfemale fertility. Therefore, bothbamandW. pipientisinteract in genotype-specific ways to modulate female fertility, a critical fitness phenotype.
The dynamic ontogenetic patterns of adaptive divergence and sexual dimorphism in Arctic charr
Authors: De la Cámara Marina , Ponsioen Lieke , Horta-Lacueva Quentin J.B. , Kapralova Kalina H 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTArctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) in lake Thingvallavatn (Iceland) is one of the most iconic examples of post-glacial adaptive divergence, resulting in four ecomorphs that diverge along the ecological benthic-limnetic axis (bottom lakeversusopen water feeders), and are distinct both phenotypically and genotypically. Here, we used geometric morphometrics tools on a common garden setup to determine the factors responsible for genetically based shape variation during the post-embryonic ontogeny of two morphs that represent the benthic-limnetic axis: the small benthic (SB) and the planktivorous (PL). This experiment uses pure crosses and F1 reciprocal hybrids between the two morphs, and includes the onset of sexual maturation, offering an excellent opportunity to explore the genetic component of adaptive divergence and the role of sexual dimorphism in this scenario. We found that growth is the main driver of shape variation across time and provided evidence of a genetically-controlled ontogenetic shift that gives rise to the limnetic morph. Additionally, our results indicate that the onset of sexual maturation triggers differences both in sex ontogenetic trajectories and in static shape variation at different time points, likely dissipating the canalisation for traits traditionally associated with benthic-limnetic adaptations.
Discovery of 10,828 new putative human immunoglobulin heavy chain IGHV variants
Authors: Martins Fabio R , de Melo Pontes Lucas Alves , de Oliveira Mendes Tiago Antônio , Felicori Liza F. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe correct identification of immunoglobulin alleles in genome sequences is a challenge. Nevertheless, it can assist in the study of several human diseases associated with the antibody repertoire and in the development of new therapies using antibody engineering techniques. The advent of next-generation sequencing of human genomes and antibody repertoires enabled the development of several tools for the mapping and identification of new immunoglobulin (Ig) alleles. Some of these tools use 1,000 Genomes (G1K) data for new Ig alleles discovery. However, genome data from G1K present low coverage and variant call problems. Here, a computational screen of immunoglobulin alleles was carried out in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD), the largest high-quality catalogue of variation from 125,748 exomes and 15,708 human genomes.A total of 10,909 putative IGHV alleles were identified, in which 10,828 of them are new and 2,024 appear at least in 6 different alleles from genomes/exomes. The IGHV2-70 was the IGHV gene segment with the largest number of variants described. The majority of the variants were found in the framework 3 and most of them are missense. Interestingly, a large number of variants were found to be population exclusive. A database integrated with a web platform was created (YGL-DB) to store and make accessible the likely new variants found.This available data can help the scientific community to validate new IGHV variants as well as it can shed light on the importance of variants in disease development and immunization protocols.
Large-scale cellular-resolution imaging of neural activity in freely behaving mice
Authors: Leman D.P. , Chen I.A. , Bolding K.A. , Tai J. , Wilmerding L.K. , Gritton H.J. , Cohen Y. , Yen W.W. , Perkins L.N. , Liberti W.A. , Kilic K. , Han X. , Cruz-Martín A. , Gardner T.J. , Otchy T.M. , Davison I.G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMiniaturized microscopes for head-mounted fluorescence imaging are powerful tools for visualizing neural activity during naturalistic behaviors, but the restricted field of view of first-generation ‘miniscopes’ limits the size of neural populations accessible for imaging. Here we describe a novel miniaturized mesoscope offering cellular-resolution imaging over areas spanning several millimeters in freely moving mice. This system enables comprehensive visualization of activity across entire brain regions or interactions across areas.
Raspberry pi: Assessments of emerging organic chemicals by the predictivein silicomethods
Authors: Arulanandam Charli Deepak , Prathiviraj R , Kaveriyappan Govindarajan Rasiravathanahalli 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPhthalic acid esters (PAEs) and bisphenols are used as plasticizers worldwide. During plastic production, use, deposition, and recycling these compounds contaminate the environment and affect environmental health. In this study, we investigated the toxicity of plasticizers by usingin silicotools. None of the test compounds were found to be hERG blockers in multiclass predictions as evaluated by the Pred-hERG 4.1 tool. Among all tested compounds in Pred-Skin 2.0, only BBP, BCP, DBP, diethyl phthalate (DEP), DMP, DNHP, DNPP, DPP, DTDP, DUP, and ODP were non-skin sensitizers. Our results demonstrate thatin silicotools provide a reliable, fast, and economic way to explore the toxicological effects of EOCs.
Metabolism Control in 3D Printed Living Materials
Authors: Butelmann Tobias , Priks Hans , Parent Zoel , Johnston Trevor G. , Tamm Tarmo , Nelson Alshakim , Lahtvee Petri-Jaan , Kumar Rahul 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe three-dimensional printing of cells offers an attractive opportunity to design and develop innovative biotechnological applications, such as the fabrication of biosensors or modular bioreactors. Living materials (LMs) are cross-linked polymeric hydrogel matrices containing cells, and recently, one of the most deployed LMs consists of F127-bis-urethane methacrylate (F127-BUM). The material properties of F127-BUM allow reproducible 3D printing and stability of LMs in physiological environments. These materials are permissible for small molecules like glucose and ethanol. However, no information is available for oxygen, which is essential— for example, towards the development of aerobic bioprocesses using microbial cell factories. To address this challenge, we investigated the role of oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor in the budding yeast’s respiratory chain and determined its permissibility in LMs. We quantified the ability of cell-retaining LMs to utilize oxygen and compared it with cells in suspension culture. We found that the cells’ ability to consume oxygen was heavily impaired inside LMs, indicating that the metabolism mostly relied on fermentation instead of respiration. To demonstrate an application of these 3D printed LMs, we evaluated a comparative brewing process. The analysis showed a significantly higher (3.7%) ethanol production using 3D printed LMs than traditional brewing, indicating an efficient control of the metabolism. Towards molecular and systems biology studies using LMs, we developed a highly reliable method to isolate cells from LMs for flow cytometry and further purified macromolecules (proteins, RNA, and DNA). Our results show the application of F127-BUM-based LMs for microaerobic processes and envision the development of diverse bioprocesses using versatile LMs in the future.
Single-cell sequencing of theDrosophilaembryonic heart and muscle cells during differentiation and maturation
Authors: Vogler Georg , Hum Bill , Tamayo Marco , Altman Yoav , Bodmer Rolf 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe developingDrosophilaheart consists of cardioblasts that differentiate into different types of cardiomyocytes and pericardial cells. A large body of work has identified numerous genes and pathways involved in heart specification and differentiation, downstream of cardiac transcription factors, such as Tinman (NKX2-5) and Dorsocross1/2/3 (TBX5). The advent of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) technology allowed us for the first time to describe the transcriptome of different cardiac cell types in theDrosophilamodel at high resolution. Here, we applied scRNAseq on sorted cells of late-stageDrosophilaembryos expressing a cardiac GFP reporter. We find distinct expression profiles of cardioblasts as they mature to cardiomyocytes, as well as discretely clustering pericardial cells, including a set expressing Tinman that potentially assist in heart morphogenesis. In addition, we describe other cell types that were sequenced as by-catch due to low but distinct extracardiac expression of the GFP reporter. Our studies on wildtype cardioblasts will be the foundation for investigating developmental profiles in mutant backgrounds and for generating gene regulatory networks at single-cell resolution during cardiogenesis.
PECAM-1 preserves cardiac function in pressure overload-induced biomechanical stress
Authors: McCormick Margaret E. , Rojas Mauricio , Reader John , Tzima Ellie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundHaemodynamic forces play a critical role in proper development of the heart, however much less is known about the mechanisms that regulate cardiac remodelling and function in response to haemodynamic stress in the adult. Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) is a cell adhesion and signalling molecule that has important roles in regulation of junctional integrity, transendothelial migration and mechanotransduction in response to fluid shear stress. Our previous work identified a role for PECAM-1 in regulating baseline cardiac function via regulation of endothelial-cardiomyocyte communication.MethodsThis study investigates the role of PECAM-1 in cardiac remodelling in response to biomechanical stress due to pressure overload induced by transaortic constriction (TAC).ResultsOur data reveal that loss of PECAM-1 is associated with systolic dysfunction that is further accentuated following TAC. Adaptive increases in cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area, capillary density and hypertrophic gene expression were all affected with loss of PECAM-1. In control mice, maintained cardiac function was associated with activation of the c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway, whereas PECAM-1 deletion significantly decreased JNK activation after pressure overload. Our data suggest that in the absence of PECAM-1 signalling, inadequate remodelling of the heart under increased mechanical strain leads to further deterioration of cardiac function, characterized by reduced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, capillary density and defects in the JNK signalling pathway.ConclusionsOur study reveals a role for PECAM-1 in preservation of cardiac function in response to biomechanical stress induced by pressure overload.
Alternative futures for global biological invasions
Authors: Roura-Pascual Núria , Leung Brian , Rabitsch Wolfgang , Rutting Lucas , Vervoort Joost , Bacher Sven , Dullinger Stefan , Erb Karl-Heinz , Jeschke Jonathan M. , Katsanevakis Stelios , Kühn Ingolf , Lenzner Bernd , Liebhold Andrew M. , Obersteiner Michael , Pauchard Anibal , Peterson Garry D. , Roy Helen E. , Seebens Hanno , Winter Marten , Burgman Mark A. , Genovesi Piero , Hulme Philip E. , Keller Reuben P. , Latombe Guillaume , McGeoch Melodie A. , Ruiz Gregory M. , Scalera Riccardo , Springborn Michael R. , von Holle Betsy , Essl Franz 
Published: January 2021

AbstractScenario analysis has emerged as a key tool to analyze complex and uncertain future socio-ecological developments. However, current global scenarios (narratives of how the world may develop) have neglected biological invasions, a major threat to biodiversity and the economy. We used a novel participatory process to develop a diverse set of global biological invasion scenarios spanning a wide breadth of plausible global futures through 2050. We adapted the widely used “two axes” scenario analysis approach to develop four families of four scenarios each, resulting in 16 scenarios that were later clustered into four contrasting sets of futures. Our analysis highlighted that socio-economic developments and changes in sustainability policies and lifestyle have the potential to shape biological invasions, in addition to well-known ecological drivers, such as climate and human land use change. Our scenarios align fairly well with the recently developed shared socio-economic pathways, but the factors that drive differences in biological invasions are underrepresented there. Including these factors in global scenarios and models is essential to adequately consider biological invasions in global environmental assessments, and obtain a more integrative picture of future socio-ecological developments.
First evidence of nocardiosis in farmed red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus, Linnaeus) caused byNocardia seriolaein the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: del Rio-Rodriguez Rodolfo Enrique , Ramirez-Paredes Jose Gustavo , Soto-Rodriguez Sonia Araceli , Shapira Yechiam , del Jesus Huchin-Cortes Mariana , Ruiz-Hernandez Judith , Gomez-Solano Monica Isela , Haydon David 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTBetween August and December 2013, the offshore cages of a commercial marine farm culturing red drumSciaenops ocellatusin Campeche Bay were affected by an outbreak of an ulcerative granulomatous disease, reaching 70% cumulative mortality. Thirty-one adults displaying open ulcers on the skin were submitted to our laboratory for diagnosis. Multiple white-yellowish nodules (0.1-0.5 cm in diameter) were present in all internal organs, where the kidney and the spleen were the most severely affected. Histopathological observations of these organs evinced typical granulomatous formations. Gram and Ziehl-Neelsen stains on tissue imprints, bacterial swabs and tissue sections revealed Gram-positive, acid-fast, branching beaded long rod filamentous bacteria. Tissue samples resulted positive for nocardiosis when aNocardiagenus specific nested PCR was used. Definite identification at the species level and taxonomic positioning of the fastidious pathogen was achieved through a specificNocardia seriolaePCR and by sequencing thegyrBgene of pure isolates. After application of antibiotics during fry production, a posterior follow-up monitoring (from 2014 to 2017) detected mild but recurrent outbreaks of the bacteria with no seasonality pattern. To the extent of our current knowledge, this is the first report of piscine nocardiosis (in a new host -red drum) in Mexico.
Parallel adaptation in autopolyploidArabidopsis arenosais dominated by repeated recruitment of shared alleles
Authors: Konečná Veronika , Bray Sian , Vlček Jakub , Bohutínská Magdalena , Požárová Doubravka , Choudhury Rimjhim Roy , Bollmann-Giolai Anita , Flis Paulina , Salt David E , Parisod Christian , Yant Levi , Kolář Filip 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRelative contributions of pre-existing vsde novogenomic variation to adaptation are poorly understood, especially in polyploid organisms, which maintain increased variation. We assess this in high resolution using autotetraploidArabidopsis arenosa, which repeatedly adapted to toxic serpentine soils that exhibit skewed elemental profiles. Leveraging a fivefold replicated serpentine invasion, we assess selection on SNPs and structural variants (TEs) in 78 resequenced individuals and discovered substantial parallelism in candidate genes involved in ion homeostasis. We further modelled parallel selection and inferred repeated sweeps on a shared pool of variants in nearly all these loci, supporting theoretical expectations. A single, striking exception is represented by TWO PORE CHANNEL 1, which exhibits convergent evolution from independentde novomutations at an identical, otherwise conserved site at the calcium channel selectivity gate. Taken together, this suggests that polyploid populations can rapidly adapt to environmental extremes, calling on both pre-existing variation and novel polymorphisms.