bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics based on analysis of public data for spreading of disease
Authors: Lima Leonardo S. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The stochastic model for epidemic spreading of the novel coronavirus disease based on the data set supply by the public health agencies in countries as Brazil, United States and India is investigated. We perform a numerical analysis using the stochastic differential equation in Itô’s calculus for the estimating of novel cases daily, as well as analytical calculations solving the correspondent Fokker-Planck equation for the probability density distribution of novel cases, P(N(t); t). Our results display that the model based in the Itô’s diffusion fits well to the results due to uncertainty in the official data and to the number of testsrealized in populations of each country.
The Association Between Short-term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Patient-Level Home Blood Pressure Among Patients With Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases in a Web-Based Synchronous Telehealth Care Program: Retrospective Study
Authors: Huang Ching-Chang , Chen Ying-Hsien , Hung Chi-Sheng , Lee Jen-Kuang , Hsu Tse-Pin , Wu Hui-Wen , Chuang Pao-Yu , Chen Ming-Fong , Ho Yi-Lwun 
Published: June 2021

Background
The association between short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and blood pressure has been inconsistent, as reported in the literature.

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between short-term ambient air pollution exposure and patient-level home blood pressure (HBP).

Methods
Patients with chronic cardiovascular diseases from a telehealth care program at a university-affiliated hospital were enrolled as the study population. HBP was measured by patients or their caregivers. Hourly meteorological data (including temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and rainfall) and ambient air pollution monitoring data (including CO, NO2, particulate matter with a diameter of <10 µm, particulate matter with a diameter of <2.5 µm, and SO2) during the same time period were obtained from the Central Weather Bureau and the Environmental Protection Administration in Taiwan, respectively. A stepwise multivariate repeated generalized estimating equation model was used to assess the significant factors for predicting systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP).

Results
A total of 253 patients and 110,715 HBP measurements were evaluated in this study. On multivariate analysis, demographic, clinical, meteorological factors, and air pollutants significantly affected the HBP (both SBP and DBP). All 5 air pollutants evaluated in this study showed a significant, nonlinear association with both home SBP and DBP. Compared with demographic and clinical factors, environmental factors (meteorological factors and air pollutants) played a minor yet significant role in the regulation of HBP.

Conclusions
Short-term exposure to ambient air pollution significantly affects HBP in patients with chronic cardiovascular disease.
Automatic Extraction of Lung Cancer Staging Information From Computed Tomography Reports: Deep Learning Approach
Authors: Hu Danqing , Zhang Huanyao , Li Shaolei , Wang Yuhong , Wu Nan , Lu Xudong 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Clinical staging of lung cancer plays a crucial role in making treatment decisions and evaluating prognosis. However, in clinical practice, approximately one-half of the clinical stages of lung cancer patients are inconsistent with their pathological stages. As one of the most important diagnostic modalities for staging, chest computed tomography (CT) provides a wealth of information about cancer staging, but the free-text nature of the CT reports obstructs their computerization.ObjectiveWe aimed to automatically extract the staging-related information from CT reports to support accurate clinical staging of lung cancer.MethodsIn this study, we developed an information extraction (IE) system to extract the staging-related information from CT reports. The system consisted of the following three parts: named entity recognition (NER), relation classification (RC), and postprocessing (PP). We first summarized 22 questions about lung cancer staging based on the TNM staging guideline. Next, three state-of-the-art NER algorithms were implemented to recognize the entities of interest. Next, we designed a novel RC method using the relation sign constraint (RSC) to classify the relations between entities. Finally, a rule-based PP module was established to obtain the formatted answers using the results of NER and RC.ResultsWe evaluated the developed IE system on a clinical data set containing 392 chest CT reports collected from the Department of Thoracic Surgery II in the Peking University Cancer Hospital. The experimental results showed that the bidirectional encoder representation from transformers (BERT) model outperformed the iterated dilated convolutional neural networks-conditional random field (ID-CNN-CRF) and bidirectional long short-term memory networks-conditional random field (Bi-LSTM-CRF) for NER tasks with macro-F1 scores of 80.97% and 90.06% under the exact and inexact matching schemes, respectively. For the RC task, the proposed RSC showed better performance than the baseline methods. Further, the BERT-RSC model achieved the best performance with a macro-F1 score of 97.13% and a micro-F1 score of 98.37%. Moreover, the rule-based PP module could correctly obtain the formatted results using the extractions of NER and RC, achieving a macro-F1 score of 94.57% and a micro-F1 score of 96.74% for all the 22 questions.ConclusionsWe conclude that the developed IE system can effectively and accurately extract information about lung cancer staging from CT reports. Experimental results show that the extracted results have significant potential for further use in stage verification and prediction to facilitate accurate clinical staging.
Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I Disease Prevalence Among Patients With Idiopathic Short Stature in Saudi Arabia: Protocol for a Multicenter Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Alsafadi Danyah , Ezzat Aly , Altamimi Fatima , ElBagoury Marwan , Olfat Mohammed , Saleh Mohammed , Roushdy Sherif , Aktham Yahia 
Published: June 2021

Background
Since the underlying cause of idiopathic short stature can indeed be undiagnosed mucopolysaccharidosis type I, it is critical to identify patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type I among screened patients with idiopathic short stature.

Objective
The primary objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of mucopolysaccharidosis type I disease in a high-risk group (ie, patients with idiopathic short stature).

Methods
We plan to perform a multicenter, cross-sectional screening study to primarily assess the prevalence of mucopolysaccharidosis type I disease in patients with idiopathic short stature. All eligible patients will be tested after obtaining written informed consent from their parents and guardians. Eligible patients will be recruited over 18 months from specialty care centers for pediatrics and genetics.

Results
This protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of King Fahd Medical City and funded by Sanofi Genzyme Saudi Arabia. We expect to collect data from ≥800 patients, as determined by our sample size calculation.

Conclusions
Saudi Arabia is the largest country in the Arabian Peninsula; it has a population of more than 28 million people. To date, there are no reliable data regarding the incidence and prevalence of mucopolysaccharidosis type I in Saudi Arabia; therefore, future multicenter studies will be needed. Further, the prevalence of an attenuated form of mucopolysaccharidosis type I is largely underestimated in Saudi Arabia due to the absence of an effective newborn screening program. Therefore, the implementation of a nationwide newborn screening program is essential for the accurate estimation of the burden of mucopolysaccharidosis and the early diagnosis of patients.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/28619
Einfluss erhöhter atmosphärischer CO2-Konzentrationen auf die globale Vegetationsentwicklung sowie den Ertrag und die Produktqualität im landwirtschaftlichen Pflanzenbau
Authors: Merbach Wolfgang , Zschaler Helfried , Schulzke Dietrich 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Die Beziehungen zwischen erhöhtem CO2-Angebot einerseits und Vegetationsentwicklung, Pflanzenwachstum, Ertrag und Qualität verschiedener Fruchtarten andererseits wurden exemplarisch anhand der weltweit vorliegenden Beobachtungen und Experimente (Metastudien) untersucht, wobei die FACE-Methodik (Free-air-CO2-Enrichment-Methode) besondere Beachtung fand, aber auch Satellitenerhebungen und Kammer-Begasungsexperimente einbezogen wurden. Dabei ließ sich folgendes feststellen: (1) Der Anstieg der atmosphärischen CO2-Konzentration um ca. 100 ppm in den letzten 100 Jahren führte weltweit zu einem erhöhten Pflanzenwachstum. Die globale Vegetationsdecke erhöhte sich um ca. 11–14 %, was zu ca. 70 % dem gestiegenen Luft-CO2-Gehalt zugeschrieben wird. Seit 1982 hat der globale Baumbestand um 7,1 % zugenommen. (2) Die experimentell kontrollierte Anhebung des Luft-CO2-Gehaltes (in der Regel von 350 auf 550 ppm) ergab bei ausgewählten Kulturpflanzen Ertragszuwächse von 10 bis über 30 %. (3) In Deutschland stiegen die Erträge von 1990–2015 bei Weizen, Gerste, Mais und Kartoffeln um mehr als 30 % an, was teilweise auf die gestiegenen Luft-CO2-Gehalte zurückzuführen sein dürfte. Über alle Fruchtarten hochgerechnet liegt die jährliche CO2-Nettofestlegung in Deutschland bei 96,3 Mio. t. (4) Die CO2-bedingten Ertragszuwächse beruhen auf einer Steigerung der Photosyntheseleistung. Sie unterlagen in Abhängigkeit von Pflanzenart, Wasserversorgung und Nährstoffangebot (vor allem von N und P) großen Schwankungen. (5) Bei schlechter Nährstoffverfügbarkeit im Boden und unzureichender Düngung kann der durch CO2 verursachte Ertragsanstieg mit einer Verminderung der pflanzlichen Nährstoff- und Proteinkonzentrationen (vornehmlich durch „Verdünnungseffekte“) und damit mit Qualitätsbeeinträchtigung verbunden sein. Dabei nimmt N (in geringerem Maß auch P) offenbar eine Schlüsselstellung ein. Dies lässt sich durch ein angepasstes Düngungsmanagement und durch die Züchtung von trockentoleranten low-input-Sorten mit hoher Nährstoff-Verwertungseffizienz kompensieren. (6) Die CO2-bedingten Ertragserhöhungen könnten zur Sicherung der Nahrungs-und Futtermittelproduktion für die wachsende Weltbevölkerung beitragen.
Proses Pencapaian Kebermaknaan Hidup Penyandang Tuna Daksa karena Kecelakaan
Authors: Nafi Aliyya Irsalina 
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran bagaimana penyandang tuna daksa karena kecelakaan memilih, menggunakan, dan menghayati kekuatan non-fisik dalam menjalani kehidupan penuh penderitaan hingga meraih kebahagiaan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif fenomenologis dengan subjek penelitian tiga orang tuna daksa yang kehilangan fungsi tubuhnya karena kecelakaan yang dialami minimal lima tahun yang lalu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masing-masing subjek memiliki makna hidup berbeda-beda yang menjadi kekuatan dalam menjalani penderitaan hidup. Hasrat menjalankan peribadatan dan upaya penerimaan diri besar mengarahkan individu pada pencapaian kebermaknaan hidup. Kata kunci: kebermaknaan hidup, penyandang tuna daksa, kecelakaan
Effect of goji berry on the formation of extracellular senile plaques of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Fernando Warnakulasuriya M.A.D. Binosha , Dong Ke , Durham Rosalie , Stockmann Regine , Jayasena Vijay 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease and a major source of morbidity and mortality. Currently, no therapy nor drug can cure or modify AD progression, but recent studies suggest that nutritional compounds in certain foods can delay or prevent the onset of AD. Diets with high antioxidants is one of the examples which is believed to influence AD pathogenesis through direct effect on amyloid beta levels. Compared to other fruits and vegetables, goji berry (GB) has high levels of polyphenolic substances with antioxidant activities which have shown some positive effects on cognitive function while its mechanism on neuroprotection is yet to be explored. We investigated whether GB would decrease the quantity of amyloid beta in cell culture model of AD. OBJECTIVE: To assess the protective effects of GB against amyloid beta toxicity in M17 cells using different techniques. METHODS: Goji berry powder (GBP) at different concentrations was treated with 20 μM amyloid beta-induced neuronal cells. MTS assay (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxy-phenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium), bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay, Western blot analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were performed to identify how GB affected amyloid beta. RESULTS: MTS assay indicated that GBP significantly increased cell viability up to 105% when GBP was at 1.2 μg/ mL. Western blot showed significant reduction of amyloid beta up to 20% in cells treated with 1.5 μg/ mL GBP. GBP at 1.5 μg/ mL was the most effective concentration with 17% reduction of amyloid beta in amyloid beta-induced neuronal cells compared to control (amyloid beta only) based on ELISA results. AFM images further confirmed increasing GBP concentration led to decreased aggregation of amyloid beta. CONCLUSION: GB can be a promising anti-aging agent and warrants further investigating due to its effect on reduction of amyloid beta toxicity.
A Systematic Review of the Outbreak of Elizabethkingia Anophelis
Authors: Rani Noshaba , Wahid Braira 
Published: June 2021

The recent outbreak of Elizabethkingia anophelis in the Midwestern states of USA caused a number of deaths. Notably, these deaths occurred due to E. anophelis causing neonatal meningitis, bacteraemia, sepsis, blood stream infections and respiratory infections. These infections may pose serious threats to public health. This systematic review is meant to develop a deeper insight into the current status of E. anophelis related evidence and to highlight areas that need further research. Reviewing the existing literature will help other researchers to identify and address the knowledge gaps. Various free access databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and Science Direct were employed for literature survey. All articles published since 2011, when the outbreak was reported for the first time, were consulted for this systematic review. Research related to this subject is in its earlier stages and little information is currently available. Future studies must focus on the molecular basis, control, prevention, and therapeutics of E. anophelis to mitigate its increasing risk. This review is meant to provide baseline data for future research. Scientific community must carry out research on the infections caused by E. anophelis mosquito, else it may result in a disastrous outbreak. Copyright (c) 2021 NoshabaRani, BrairaWahid
Fatigue damage assessment of particle-reinforced metal matrix composite materials under uniaxial & multiaxial loading conditions
Authors: Sutton Christopher E 
Published: June 2021

<p>The proposed study intended to investigate the fatigue damage of Particle Metal Matrix (PMM) composites under uniaxial and multiaxial loading conditions. Five damage models of SmithWatson-Topper (S.W.T), Ellyin, Brown-Miller, Fatemi-Socie and Varvani were tested for various PMM composite materials for their ability to correlate the uniaxial, torsional and combined tension-torsion damage-life data. Four PMM composite materials of Al6061 I Ah03 I 20p-T6, Al 6061 I Ah03 I 22p-T6, Al 6061 I SiC I 17w-T6 and Ti-6Al-4V I TiC I lOp were evaluated for damage-life based on their strain-life fatigue data. The results of the fatigue damage correlation of uniaxial, torsional and combined tension-torsion fatigue damage versus life for the four PMM composites were investigated in this thesis. The critical plane approaches of Brown-Miller and Fatemi-Socie should almost have the same degree of success in damage assessment of composite materials. These strain based critical plane approaches scaled damage values versus fatigue life data as the lowest range (0.001-0.01) over low-cycle and high-cycle fatigue regimes. While energy based models of S.W.T and Ellyin holding both the stress and strain terms correlated damage data at the highest range (1-1 0) with a relatively larger scatter band for various fatigue lives as compared with other damage approaches. Varvani critical plane-energy approach incorporated the critical plane as the plane of crack initiation and damage growth as well as the strain energy density as a function of stress and strain components acting on the critical plane, which successfully evaluated fatigue damage values within a narrow band. Damage values based on this approach ranged between the highest (S.W.T and Ellyin) and the lowest (Brown-Miller and Fatemi-Socie) ranges and presented an intermediate range of (0.05- 0.1 ). Varvani damage model was further enhanced by means of material dependent terms of a and p to account for the magnitude of difference between Coffin-Manson coefficients for the metallic matrix and PMMC. Terms a and~ enables to estimate fatigue damage ofPMMCs if the strain-life curve for the base metal matrix is known. A finite element unit cell model was also developed to simulate stress-strain responses of Al 6061 I Ah03 I 1 Op-T6 and Al 6061 I Ah03 I 20p-T6 under monotonic tensile loading. The simulated numerical results of stress-strain showed good agreement with the experimental data and prove to be a good tool in the estimation of stress-strain behaviour of PMM composites with various volume fractions. </p>
Experimental testing on the compressive strength of solid steel round bars
Authors: Saliba Marwan 
Published: June 2021

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<p>Solid steel round bars are used as legs, diagonals and horizontal members of a communication tower. The Canadian Standards, CAN/CSA-S16.1-94, AISC-LRFD Specifications of 1993, and the European Standard, Eurocode 3, provide the factored compressive resistance of structural steel members other than solid rounds. While, the Current Canadian Standard, CAN/CSA-S37-01 of 2001, for Antenna towers and Antenna Supporting Structures specifies empirical expressions for the compressive strength of solid rounds based on the SSRC column curves for non-solid-round bars and the results from experimental investigation on the compressive resistance of solid rounds carried out back to 1965. This thesis provides a summary of the available literature on the compressive strength of solid rounds as well as the results of recently tested large solid round bars. Correlation between the results from these tests and the current practice for the design of solid rounds is investigated. Recommendations to update the available code equations are drawn.</p>
Housing the Family: Re-Housing the Peterkin Family (Theresa Bywater Peterkin) Carte-De-Visite and Cabinet Portrait Album at the Art Gallery of Ontario
Authors: Hueber Melodie 
Published: June 2021

<p>This thesis project explores a method of re-housing a carte-de-visite and cabinet card album, namely the Peterkin Family (Theresa Bywater Peterkin) album, with a focus on preserving the album structure, the photographs and the narrative as well as facilitating the accessibility of the historical album within the Art Gallery of Ontario’s photographic collection. The first part of the paper assesses the historical components and the physical condition of the album, and analyzes four case studies of restored or re-housed 19th century albums within three institutions and one private collection. The second part of the paper summarizes the decision making process of three options for preservation, and outlines the digital documentation, the cataloguing process and the steps for the re-housing of the Peterkin album. </p>
Modeling And Control Of Spacecraft Systems With Coupled Orbital And Attitude Dynamics
Authors: Frias Alexander 
Published: June 2021

<p>Spacecraft formation flying with coupled orbital-attitude dynamics is one of the most intriguing topics in the field of astronautics. Orbital-attitude coupling is induced when a non-symmetrical spacecraft in orbit is disturbed by means of active maneuvering or by external disturbances. Direct contributing factors to the coupled dynamics include the orbital radius, the gravitational parameter and the orbital angular velocity. Disturbance due to coupling is inherently weak in nature (in the order of magnitudes of 10−13 Newtons) for Earth orbit, which majority of spacecraft attitude-orbital control system (AOCS) can easily overcome or can be eliminated by means of system dynamics linearization. For very large spacecraft that have very high moment of inertia, coupled dynamics can impose strong nonlinear disturbance and can affect orbital trajectory. Numerical simulations of the coupled dynamics for a rigid-body single spacecraft system, a dumbbell spacecraft system and a multiple spacecraft formation flying system are conducted for Earth and asteroid 4 Vesta orbits. Simulation results suggest that dumbbell spacecraft systems are the most severely affected by the orbital-attitude coupling due to the connecting tether. Nonlinear coupled orbital-attitude equations of motion are fully developed and are used to formulate a nonlinear controller using feedback linearization. Feedback linearization control method is perfect for this system because the spacecraft’s nonlinear coupled dynamics is preserved and not approximated. The controller is validated by numerical simulations as well as implemented in a hardware-in-the-loop experiment using the Ryerson University’s Satellite Airbed Formation Experiment. For asteroid-related missions, orbital-attitude coupling can be several magnitudes times larger than the coupling experienced for Earth orbit depending on the properties of the asteroid and thus in turn, can severely affect the performance of the spacecraft control system. </p>
Axial Addition in Diastereoisomeric [Ni(Me8[14]ane)](ClO4)2 Complexes and Their Antifungal Activities
Authors: Palit D , Dey L , Rabi S , Roy S , Alam A , Roy TG 
Published: June 2021

A series of diastereoisomeric square planar nickel(II) diperchlorate complexes, [Ni(L)](ClO4)2{L= isomeric Me8[14]ane (LAα, LBα or LCα)}undergo axial ligand addition reactions with NO3-, Cl-, Br-, SCN- or ClO4- to yield six coordinate octahedral derivatives [NiL(X)x(Y)y].z(H2O)(X=NO3,Cl, Br or SCN; Y= ClO4; x = 1 or 2; y = 1 or 0 and z = 0, 1 or 2). The products have been characterized on the basis of analytical, spectroscopic, magnetic and conductance data. All the derivatives are unstable in open air except one derivative and revert back to original square planar complexes. Antifungal activities of the ligands and their nickel(II) complexes have been investigated against some phytopathogenic fungi.
The Chittagong Univ. J. Sci. 40(1) : 122-147, 2019