bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La necesaria reforma de la Universidad española
Authors: Arenilla Sáez Manuel 
Published: March 2021

En las últimas dos décadas se han producido varias propuestas de reforma del sistema universitario español (SUE) mediante informes, libros blancos y todo tipo de documentos elaborados por organismos oficiales estatales, autonómicos, universitarios y por varias fundaciones. En ellas se han abordado todos los aspectos institucionales de las universidades; incluso se han constituido diversas comisiones de expertos a instancias de las autoridades ministeriales, con poco tiempo de diferencia entre ellas.Las medidas adoptadas en el SUE no han servido para mejorar desde una perspectiva comparada el rendimiento docente, investigador, de innovación o de transferencia de conocimiento. Tampoco han mejorado suficientemente, por ejemplo, los niveles de equidad o la empleabilidad de los egresados de nuestras universidades. Finalmente, la situación del profesorado que se encuentra al comienzo de su carrera es preocupante. En este artículo se presenta una propuesta de reforma del SUE desde la perspectiva de su gobernanza. Para ello, se tratará de discernir las metas a las que se orienta y el funcionamiento de los órganos universitarios. Finalmente, se expondrán los diversos actores existentes y sus interrelaciones. Las principales conclusiones y propuestas de la investigación se refieren a la conveniencia de agotar las posibilidades que ofrece la vigente doctrina del Tribunal Constitucional para dar un mayor protagonismo a los consejos sociales; desarrollar las capacidades institucionales, la gobernanza y los recursos humanos bajo un fuerte liderazgo ejecutivo y una orientación a la eficiencia y la efectividad; transformar en profundidad la ordenación y la gestión universitaria y del personal de Administración y servicios (PAS); modificar y simplificar el modelo de acreditación con el fin de mejorar la eficacia, la internacionalización y la movilidad; así como vincular el rendimiento del personal docente e investigador (PDI) con la eficiencia en la consecución de los objetivos del SUE.
Freno del Tribunal Constitucional al abuso del veto presupuestario: análisis de la jurisprudencia constitucional en torno al art. 134.6. CE
Authors: Saiz Ros Isabel 
Published: March 2021

Este artículo trata de analizar la jurisprudencia dimanada de nuestro Alto Tribunal en torno al art. 134.6 CE. Este apartado del art. 134 CE constitucionaliza la facultad que ostenta el Gobierno de no prestar suconsentimiento a la tramitación de proposiciones de ley que conlleven unaafectación presupuestaria. Tras una breve exposición sobre el régimen jurídico del veto presupuestario, se procede a analizar cada una a una de las sentencias emanadas del Alto Tribunal. Dada la función de intérprete supremo que el Tribunal Constitucional ostenta, su jurisprudencia podría incluso llegar a influir en determinadas decisiones políticas. En el presente caso, una interpretación del art. 134.6 CE «pro gobierno» podría haber contribuido —si además confluyen unas determinadas circunstancias políticas— a una utilización del veto como un instrumento político, tal y como ha sucedido en la XII legislatura. En sentido contrario, una interpretación adecuada del precepto —que entendemos se da a partir de la STC 34/18— supondría un freno a dicho uso politizado de la facultad de veto presupuestario que posee el Gobierno. Pensamos que ésta última sentencia enmarca acertadamente el art. 134.6 CE. De dicho enfoque deriva una interpretación constitucional de la facultad de veto presupuestario adecuada y completa. Esta interpretación parte de la singularidad que la Constitución otorga a la ley de presupuestos, y podría frenar el uso abusivo del mismo.
El Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea como garante de derechos constitucionales en los Estados: la doctrina Taricco
Authors: De Miguel Canuto Enrique 
Published: March 2021

¿Qué escenario es aquel en que el Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea puede presentarse como garante de los derechos fundamentales recogidos en la Constitución de un Estado de la Unión? La reflexión del Tribunal de la Unión en el caso M.A.S. y M.B., en cuestión prejudicial elevada por la Corte costituzionale italiana, continuación del anterior caso Taricco, dio ocasión al Tribunal de la Unión a identificar ese escenario, en un caso relativo a la prescripción penal en materia de impuesto sobre el valor añadido.
La pluralité des expériences historiques dans le passé du Québec et du Canada
Authors: Moisan Sabrina , Warren Jean-Philippe , Zanazanian Paul , Hirsch Sivane , Maltais-Landry Aude 
Published: March 2021

Alors que les repères usuels de l’historiographie « nationale » se trouvent mis à mal par les travaux postcoloniaux, antiracistes et autres histoires alternatives, cet article propose d’éclairer l’état de la situation au Québec en posant la question suivante : comment la communauté historienne québécoise considère-t-elle l’écriture d’une histoire du Québec et du Canada plurielle et plurivoque ? L’article présente les résultats d’une enquête qualitative menée auprès de 22 historiens et historiennes du Québec. Les résultats montrent une communauté historienne qui, tout en étant sensible aux enjeux de la diversité, pose certaines conditions à l’intégration de ces perspectives. Au terme de l’analyse, force est d’admettre que deux sous-groupes se distinguent au sein de la communauté historienne québécoise. Le premier sous-groupe se dit attaché au récit national canadien-français ou québécois ainsi qu’à la trame politique traditionnelle ou à une version modifiée de celle-ci. Le deuxième sous-groupe est, au contraire, enclin à faire éclater les cadres nationaux pour mieux embrasser les multiples trajectoires des populations composant les sociétés québécoises et canadiennes. Le débat entre les deux sous-groupes n’est, à l’évidence, pas terminé, et son analyse permet par conséquent de mieux mesurer les défis auxquels est confrontée l’écriture contemporaine de l’histoire du Québec et du Canada.
La réflexivité en archivistique et l’objet « archives de la recherche »
Authors: Le Brech Goulven 
Published: March 2021

La question de la réflexivité est centrale dans le domaine des sciences humaines et sociales en tant qu’approche critique des méthodes et enjeux de la science. Appliquée à la gestion des archives, la réflexivité pose la question de la valeur heuristique des grands principes archivistiques : notions de source documentaire, de principe de respect des fonds et de cycle de vie de l’information consignée. Dans cet article, l’auteur applique la méthode réflexive à la gestion des archives produites dans le cadre de la recherche en sciences sociales. Dans le contexte contemporain de l’émergence des données de la recherche, les notions d’archives, de producteur et de cycle de vie sont à réévaluer.
Optimisation of Rice-Kidney Beans Composite Flours Incorporated with Fermented and Unfermented Sorghum Flours for the Production of Ready-to-Eat Extruded Snacks
Authors: Awolu Olugbenga Olufemi , Akintade Adeyanmola Oluwaseyi 
Published: March 2021

Aims: Rice-based ready-to-eat extruded snack was developed by incorporating the rice flour with kidney bean, fermented surgum and unfermented sorghum flours with the sole aim of accessing the effect of the addition of the kidney bean and sorghum on the nutritional quality of the extruded snack developed.
Methodology: Rice-dried kidney bean composite flours were supplemented with fermented and unfermented sorghum grains were optimized using optimal design model of response surface methodology; the dependent variables were the proximate and mineral compositions. The extrusion process was also optimized using central composite design of response surface methodology. The sensory evaluations of the extrudates were carried out.
Results: The result of the product optimization of the composite flours gave the R-squared and adjusted R-squared of the ash, crude fibre and crude protein to be between 0.9961 and 0.9987. R-squared and adjusted R-squared close to unity is an indicated of statistical model that is fit, and hence, show that the independent variables support the dependent variables strongly. So, we can deduce that the independent variables strongly supported the ash, crude fibre and crude protein contents. The extrusion results showed that screw speed was the most potent factor required for the extrusion process, followed by temperature. Sample 19 having independent variables of 21.7% screw speed, 80oC temperature and 105 rpm resulted in extruded snack with the highest overall sensory acceptability.
Conclusion: Acceptable snacks with over 70% sensory qualities were developed. Addition of fermented sorghum flour resulted in composite flour with protein content were well above 100%.
Physicians’ Attitude towards Patients’ Spirituality at a Tertiary-Care Health Facility in Southern Nigeria
Authors: Eke G. K. , Onodingene N. 
Published: March 2021

Background: It has been shown that patients would like to discuss their spiritual beliefs with their physicians and that they have spiritual needs which are often under addressed by health care professionals. Whereas, addressing those needs in clinical practice is a component of the holistic care that every patient deserves, the attitude of physicians towards addressing them has not been ascertained in our environment.
Objectives: To explore physicians' attitude and self-reported behavior towards patients’ spirituality in clinical practice at a tertiary health facility in Southern Nigeria.
Methods: In this cross-sectional survey carried out between August and November 2020, a semi-structured and self-administered questionnaire was completed by the participating physicians which were of various ranks and working in various departments of the hospital. Their attitude towards their patients’ spirituality in clinical practice and self-reported behavior were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0.
Results: A total of 200 physicians participated in the study, 90% of them were residents of various cadres, two-third (n=122; 61%) had less than 10 years work experience. Majority of respondents (n=163; 81.5%) considered it appropriate to make inquiries about their patients’ spirituality and less than half of them (n=98; 49%) were aware that there is a religious leader in the hospital who offers pastoral care. Half of the respondents (n=104; 52%) reported they rarely take spirituality history of patients, 18 (9%) often pray with the patient while 100 (50%) rarely refer patients for pastoral care. Insufficient time was the most frequent barrier to discussing spiritual issues with patients. However, only 5 (2.5%) respondents were able to name 3 common tools a health worker can use to assess patients’ spiritual needs.
Conclusion: Physicians enquiry into patients’ spirituality was inconsistent, and there were gaps between their attitudes to discussing these issues with their patients and its practice. Incorporating spiritual care courses into physicians’ training is recommended to overcome the barriers to both patient and physician spiritual inquiry.
Analysis of Biofilms from Biosynthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Dagalea Flyndon Mark S. , Cui – Lim Karina Milagros R. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract: Kappa-carrageenan, a natural polymer that is a product derived from seaweeds has been gaining vast attention on researches because of its biodegradability and low cost production. On the side, Nanotechnology, the emerging Science of nanoparticles has been indulging the world with its new approaches on improving the characteristics of the medium used. This study differentiated the physicochemical properties of the films without and with the incorporation of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnOnps) to kappa-carrageenan (kc).
Materials and Methods: Incorporation of ZnOnps to kc was prepared, the physicochemical properties: moisture content, degradation time, structural composition, and surface morphology were differentiated between bio composite films with and without the ZnO nps.
Results and Conclusion: After several tests, zinc oxide nano particles incorporated to kappa-carrageenan exhibited some changes to its physicochemical properties, that is the lowering of moisture content and longer degradation time was observed; using SEM magnifications ZnOnps was seen in the surface of the biocomposite film. However, structural composition analysis showed that no new formation of the functional group was seen. The biocomposite films could be a substitute with the existing drug capsule because of its longer decomposition, low water content and secured safety of the drug's quality.
Impact of Change in Land Use Land Cover on Water Resources in Gundlakamma Sub Basin
Authors: Hari N. , Mani A. , Kumar H. V. Hema , Rao V. Srinivasa , Edukondalu L. 
Published: March 2021

The present study was conducted to investigate the impact of land use cover change on water resources availability in Gundlakamma Subbasin. The Gundlakamma subbasin is predominantly agricultural based and Gundlakamma is a seasonal river. Hence, a study has been conducted to simulate the availability of water resources in the subbasin using SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model. The database was generated like DEM, soil map and land use/cover using the secondary data and field survey. The SWAT model was calibrated three years (2010-2012) and validated with four years (2013-2016) with the observed discharges from reservoir outflow. The values of NSE and R2 was found as 0.79 and 0.87 during calibration, 0.65 and 0.72, respectively during validation. The modelled values showed reasonably good agreement with the observed values of reservoir outflow, both during calibration and validation periods. The reservoir outflow in the subbasin was quantified under the change land use conditions.
Antidiabetic Property of a Fraction of the Methanol Extract of the Seeds of Abrusprecatorius in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Iloanya Ebele Lauretta , Nwodo Okwesili Fred Chiletugo , Ezeigwe Obiajulu Christian , Ngwu Ogochukwu Rita , Nwobodo Valentine Osita Godwin , Obayuwana Erhunmwense Ann 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects of insulin secretion and/or increased cellular resistance to insulin. Abrusprecatoriushas been used for the treatment of various ailments including diabetes mellitus. This study is aimed at evaluating the possible anti-diabetic effect of the methanol fraction 2 (F2) of the seeds of Abrusprecatoriusin alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar albino rats.
Methods: The methanol extract of the seeds of A. precatorius Linn Fabaceae was fractionated by Sephadex G15. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal administration of 150 mg/kg bodyweight of alloxan. Acute toxicity (LD50) study was done using Lorke’s method. The antidiabetic activities of Fraction 2 (F2) and the biochemical parameters were investigated using standard diagnostic methods.
Results: The value of the LD50 is 529.2 mg/kg bw. Oral doses (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg bw.) of the extract caused a dose-dependent significant (p<0.05) reductions in blood glucose concentrations compared with diabetic untreated controls. There were significant decreases (p<0.05) in the total cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels of rats in the treatment groups compared with the diabetic untreated group. The groups that were treated with glibenclamide, 5 mg/kg of the fraction, 20mg/kg of the fraction and the group that was pre-treated with 10mg/kg of the fraction before the induction of diabetes showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the concentration of low-density lipoprotein and significant increase (p<0.05) in high-density lipoprotein concentrations compared with the diabetic untreated group. The protein level increased non-significantly (p>0.05) in all the test groups compared with the diabetic untreated control group except the pre-treated group which increased significantly (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The results obtained from this study revealed that the methanol fraction of A. precatorius has antidiabetic property which can be as a result of the important phytochemicals found in the F2 fraction. Fraction 2 (F2) however showed improvement in lipid profile.
Nuclear Actin
Authors: Green Nicole M , Kimble Garrett C , Talbot Danielle E , Tootle Tina L 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

While actin is a highly evolutionarily conserved protein that has been extensively studied for its role in the cytoskeleton, it also localises and functions within the nucleus. Tight regulation of both the level and form (monomeric vs filamentous) of nuclear actin is essential for many nuclear processes. Nuclear actin regulates transcription at multiple steps, including initiation, elongation and messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) processing. It also regulates chromatin organisation by controlling chromatin modifiers and mediating chromatin movement during transcription, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) repair and DNA replication. Finally, nuclear actin is a critical component of the nucleoskeleton, where it regulates nuclear structure and organisation, cellular response to mechanical signalling and nucleolar structure and function. These functions of nuclear actin are critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis, responding to cellular stress and mediating cell fate decisions.

Key Concepts

Different forms of nuclear actin regulate distinct aspects of transcription: G‐actin promotes the initiation of transcription and mediates the escape from pausing, whereas dynamic actin polymerisation is required for transcriptional elongation.

Nuclear G‐actin acts as a scaffold to regulate the entire RNA biogenesis pathway from initiating transcription to translation.

Both cytoplasmic and nuclear actin dynamics regulate SRF/MAL‐dependent transcription.

Nuclear G‐actin directly interacts with histone modifiers and chromatin remodelling complexes to regulate chromatin accessibility for transcription, DNA repair and replication.

Nuclear actin plays critical roles in the repair of DNA double‐strand breaks both by regulating chromatin remodelling complex activity and by F‐actin‐dependent chromatin movement or stabilisation of repair machinery.

Nuclear F‐actin is also required for moving chromatin to and maintaining transcription factors and mediating DNA replication and chromosome segregation.

Mechanotransduction impacts the nucleoskeleton to regulate the level and form of nuclear actin to mediate changes in transcription and chromatin organisation that drive the cell‐specific response to force.

Actin localises and functions within the nucleolus and may mediate the nucleolar stress response.

Tight regulation of nuclear actin level and/or polymerisation plays critical roles in cell fate transitions.
Evolutionary History of Syngnathid Fishes
Authors: Lin Qiang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

The family Syngnathidae diverged from other teleosts approximately 48 Mya; they originated from Indo‐Pacific regions and then diversified and spread globally. Subsequently, a unique animal group, fishes with ‘male pregnancy’, emerged. Together with their morphological traits, syngnathid fishes established a specialised evolutionary position. Interestingly, all 300 species in this family lost their pelvic fin, which is directly correlated to the absence of the
tbxt4
gene. In this family, pregnancy relies on the attached brood pouch in males, and the structure of the pouch varies dramatically within the family owing to their independent evolutionary history. Some species, such as seahorses, have a fully enclosed brood pouch with robust functions. The phylogenomics and adaptive evolution of the species in the family Syngnathidae might elucidate further mechanisms involved in their morphology and male pregnancy.

Key Concepts

Phylogeny and evolutionary morphology in the family Syngnathidae.

Syngnathidfishes represent the endless beauty of the evolution of marine organisms.

Syngnathids origin from the Indian‐Pacific and spread globally.

Comparative genomics elucidate the genetic basis of the specialized morphology of syngnathids.

‘Male pregnancy’ could be implemented in syngnathids by evolving a complex brood structure and the evolution of genes.
Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors
Authors: Dani John A , Lester Robin AJ , Papke Roger L 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are members of a superfamily of ligand‐gated ion channels, all of which play significant roles in synaptic function throughout the nervous system. Additionally, some of the same genes are expressed in nonneuronal cells and modulate intracellular signalling and inflammation.

Key Concepts

Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are structurally related to receptors of the neuromuscular junction.

Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are part of a superfamily of receptors that includes the receptors that mediate inhibition in the CNS.

Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors assemble as pentamers with homologous subunits of several different functional types.

Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors expressed in neurons function as ligand‐gated ion channels activated by the transmitter acetylcholine and drugs such as nicotine.

Different types of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors have specialised functions based on subcellular location and specific biophysical properties including ion selectivity.

Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor genes may also be expressed in nonneuronal cells where they may serve other functions including intracellular signal transduction.
Bacteriology
Authors: Sattley W Matthew , Madigan Michael T 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBacteriology is the study of bacteria and the archaeans microbes, single‐celled organisms that comprise two major phylogenetic domains of life: the Bacteria and Archaea. Species belonging to these domains live either an independent (free‐living) existence and play crucially important roles in the biosphere or form close symbiotic associations with higher organisms. The science of bacteriology developed from investigations of the nature of infectious disease, and medical bacteriology remains a major area of emphasis in microbiology research today. Bacteriology also played a major role in the development of molecular biology and genetics, including genetic engineering, and bacteria have traditionally been used as experimental tools for addressing seminal questions in basic biological research. More recently, bacteria have been harnessed to produce valuable commercial products and remove toxic pollutants from the environment. In contrast to multicellular organisms, Bacteria and Archaea are essential for maintaining the biosphere through biogeochemical cycling, and they are the foundation upon which all higher life on Earth is supported.Key ConceptsThe science of bacteriology is focused on Earth's tiniest living cells, the Bacteria and the Archaea.By comparing the sequences of key genes shared by all cells, bacteriological studies have revealed the evolutionary relationships of all life on Earth.Bacteriology is central to many subdisciplines of biology, including both environmental and medical microbiology.Bacteriology spawned the field of molecular biology and gave birth to the genomics revolution in biology.Industrial microbiology and biotechnology employ bacteria to make products of commercial value and rejuvenate polluted ecosystems through bioremediation.