bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of prophylactic combination of glycopyrrolate, ondansetron, and ephedrine upon hypotension during obstetric spinal anaesthesia–A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Vadhanan Prasanna , Kalyanasundaram Cheran , Sundaram Subbulakshmi , Rajendran Iniya , Rajasekar Preethipriyadarshini 
Published: December 2021

Background and Aims:Various pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies have been employed to minimise hypotension during obstetric spinal anaesthesia. We compared a prophylactic combination of glycopyrrolate, ondansetron, and ephedrine in terms of total vasopressor consumption, with standard treatment in this randomised controlled trial.Methods:One hundred patients undergoing elective caeserean sections were randomly divided into two groups of 50 each, the study group received prophylactic ondansetron and glycopyrrolate boluses followed by an infusion of ephedrine, while the control group received ephedrine boluses as required. The total ephedrine consumption (primary objective), incidence and degree of hypotension, heart rate variations, and neonatal APGAR scores (secondary objectives) were analysed.Results:The median ephedrine requirement was lesser in the study group compared to the control group [13.2 mg (10--15.75) vs. 27.7 mg (12--24)], with aPvalue of 0.02. Fewer participants experienced hypotension in the study group before baby delivery compared to the control group (12 vs. 36,P= 0.004). Heart rate was higher in the study group. No significant differences were observed in neonatal APGAR scores and incidence of adverse events.Conclusion:A combination of glycopyrrolate, ondansetron, and ephedrine might offer better haemodynamic stability and reduce vasopressor consumption in obstetric patients undergoing spinal anaesthesia as opposed to standard treatment.
Epidemiology and factors associated with all-terrain vehicle accidents in children
Authors: Al Mutari Mohammed , Alasmari Bushra , Aldosari Lama , Alluhaidan Rahaf , Aljohani Reham , Hijazi Shahd Omar , Othman Fatmah 
Published: December 2021

Background:
All-terrain vehicle (ATV) accidents have a substantial impact on the pediatric population in Saudi Arabia; however, few local studies are available. An in-depth study of this issue and adequate implementation of regulations are required to prevent additional casualties. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of ATV injuries in the pediatric population and the outcomes associated with the injuries.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective chart review at a Level 1 trauma center in Riyadh. All patients, aged ≤14 years and admitted due to an ATV accident, from 2004 to 2018 were included in this study. Demographic information, hospital course, and injury outcomes were extracted from the King Abdulaziz Medical City trauma registry. Each medical record was reviewed for short-term complications and the mechanism of injury. The primary outcome measure was the type of injury associated with ATV accidents; the secondary outcomes were injury site and mechanism of injury, and the association between the impact of injury and the clinical and demographic variable.

Results:
In total, 165 patients were involved in ATV accidents and met our inclusion criteria. The mean age was 8 ± 4 years, and 79% (131/165) were boys. Over 50% (84/165) of the sample had lower limb injuries. The majority of patients had fracture injuries (37%, 61/165), followed by amputations (30%, 50/165). Of the amputation group, the majority (86%, 43/50) was from 1 to 5 years compared to the no amputation group (P < 0.001). For the amputation group, 67% (33/50) had a limb trapped in the chain of the vehicle as to the mechanism of injury.

Conclusion:
The majority of patients had lower-extremity injuries, specifically fractured (37%) or amputated (30%) with children from age 1–5 years having a significantly higher proportion of hospital admission compared to the rest of the study population. Despite the existing legislation for ATV use in children, they are not enforced. The finding of this study recommends urgent implementation of these regulations for both ATV retailers and users and promotes public awareness about the severity of such injuries.
Surgeons' re-operative valve replacement practices in patients with endocarditis due to drug use
Authors: Aultman Julie M. , Dziadkowiec Oliwier , McCallister Dianne , Firstenberg Michael S. 
Published: December 2021

Background:
This study discerns surgeons' attitudes and practices in the determination of heart valve replacement for patients with infectious endocarditis (IE) due to intravenous drug use (IVDU). We aimed to identify the factors contributing to surgeons' decision-making process for initial and recurrent surgical heart valves and the availability of institutional guidance.

Methods:
An IRB-approved, anonymous mixed-methods, open survey instrument was designed and validated with 24 questions. A convenience sample of cardiothoracic surgeons in the United States and globally resulted in a total of 220 study participants with 176 completing every question on the survey.

Results:
A cluster analysis revealed that although surgeons can be divided into subgroups based on their previous experience with valve replacements, these groups are not perfectly homogenous, and the number of identified clusters is dependent on technique used. Analysis of variance revealed the variables that most clearly divided the surgeons into subgroups were, in order of importance, years of practice, number of valve replacements, and geography.

Conclusions:
Our analysis showed heterogeneity among cardiothoracic surgeons regarding how they make clinical decisions regarding re-operative valve replacement related to IE-IVDU. Therefore, an opportunity exists for interprofessional teams to develop comprehensive guidelines to decrease variability in surgical decision-making regarding valve replacement associated with IE-IVDU.
An assessment of measures to reduce injuries and mortality among motorcyclists
Authors: Fadaei Hadi , Ainy Elaheh , Paydar Roghayeh 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Motorcyclists are one of the most vulnerable groups in road accidents. This study aimed to investigate the effective measures to reduce injuries and deaths in the most vulnerable road users' motorcyclists in 2020.

Methods:
The study was a cross-sectional study. In this study, 147 motorcycles were randomly selected from the list of all motor courier units in Tehran, which was prepared through an internet search. The required information was collected through questionnaires and interviews. The inclusion criteria had a minimum high school education and an age range of 18–65 years. The trained questioners referred to the selected courier offices and after obtaining consent to participate in the study, project questionnaire were completed.

Results:
The mean age of subjects was 31.4 ± 8.0 years. All subjects were male. The purpose of the trip was going to work (84.4%). The highest percentage of leaving home time (94.6%) was observed in the morning. More than half of the subjects had a history of accidents (54.5%), and also more than half of the subjects (54.0%) had a history of an accident in their 2nd degree relatives' families. Forth-fifths of the studied motorcyclist (89.5%) wore helmets. Nearly half of the subjects (48.3%) always fastened their helmets strap. The highest action (72.0%) was suggested to separate the motorcycle lanes.

Conclusion:
In the viewpoint of the motorcyclist, separating the motorcycle lines could be one of the most effective measurements to injury reduction. Hence, officials and planners need to pay more attention to the logical demands of motorcyclists.
Epidemiology and patterns of road traffic fatalities in India pre- and post-motor vehicle (Amendment) act 2019
Authors: Sahu Manas Ranjan , Mohanty Manoj Kumar , Sasmal Prakash Kumar , Radhakrishnan Rakesh Vadakkethil , Mohanty Chitta Ranjan , Shaji Ijas Muhammed , Naveen Alagarasan , Parida Madhusmita 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are a preventable cause of death. The government of India enacted the motor vehicle amendment (MVA) act on September 01, 2019, to curtail the alarming trend of RTAs and their associated fatality. The study objective was to compare the epidemiology and pattern of fatal RTAs before and after the MVA Act 2019 of India.

Methods:
An autopsy-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology (FMT) of a tertiary-care hospital from March 2019 to February 2020. The sample comprised 75 fatal RTA victims who underwent postmortem at FMT. Patients were studied in two groups: One pre-MVA group (n = 47) and one Post-MVA group (n = 28). The data were obtained from medical records and inquest reports with autopsy correlation. Data pertaining to sociodemographic profile, mechanism, injury profile including injury-severity-score (ISS) and survival-time was recorded.

Results:
There was a 40.4% decline in mortality among RTA victims (P = 0.057) in the post-MVA group. The case fatality rate also declined during post-MVA implementation months compared to pre-MVA months (1.61 vs. 1.96). A significant correlation was noted between the ISS and survival-time of victims (P < 0.001, r = −0.522). The mean age of patients was 39.87 ± 17.44 years. Heavy motor vehicles along with motorized two-wheeler were the most common offending-vehicle. The median ISS of all victims was 41 (33–57). Head injury was the most common cause of death (60%).

Conclusion:
Study results signal-toward early triumph of the new MVA act, probably due to enhanced adherence to safety gears and constructive behavioral change.
The Representation of the “Other” in the Turkish TV Advertisements
Authors: Ozbek Içten Duygu , Toker Huriye 
Published: December 2021

Turkey, which has a rich cultural mosaic, consists of the combination of many ‘Others’, including cultural, religious and ethnic the ‘Others’; the ‘Other’ as a gender role; as refugees, emigrants, etc. In such a multicultural climate, our research aim is to identify the stereotypes that represent the ‘Other’ in TV advertisements on Turkey’s mainstream channels. For this purpose, we examined 101 prime-time TV commercials that were broadcast on the five most watched mainstream TV channels between September and December 2020.
Having conducted the quantitative and qualitative content analysis of TV commercials, we revealed the symbolic annihilation of the ‘Others’ in the Turkish advertising environment, which is accordance with the conservative perception of the country. In line with the international research, we came to the conclusion that the white Turkish men with medium-high socioeconomic status were heavily represented in the prime-time Turkish TV advertising. Nevertheless, it was also revealed that gendered visibility of the others as well as women portrayals were considered only as the ‘Other’ in the Turkish TV ads. Besides, our research findings overwhelmingly reflect the hegemonic culture and highly traditional views on gender roles.
Global Conflict of the Past in Contemporary Media Space: Historical Memory in a Discursive Perspective
Authors: Aleshina Ekaterina Y. , Blokh Mark Y. , Razuvaeva Tatiana A. , Wagner Hedwig , Kompleev Anton V. 
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to an overview of studies on the discursive embodiment of historical memory, particularly, in the media. The research is aimed at the overview and systematization of, predominantly, international and Russian concepts of historical memory in academic literature. The scientific significance of research results is determined by the possibility of clarifying the definitions of historical memory in the process of systematizing the existing overseas and domestic studies. With that, the “starting point” of historical memory in this research are global political conflicts, particularly, World War I and World War II. The focus of research interest is the memory of the world wars which is discursively expressed in modern media space with various pragmatic tasks. Analysis of media materials allows for revealing the mechanisms of using historical memory as a tool for creating assessment and images while covering World War I and World War II. The research makes it possible to obtain a general discursive picture of the mass consciousness and, what is especially, important, to get specific data on the linguistic “content” of historical memory reflected in online media. The article is addressed to researchers in various fields of the Humanities, journalists and a wide circle of readers who are interested in the problem.
Civiс Consciousness of the Russian Youth and the Mediaspace: “Unsolvable Puzzle”
Authors: Selezneva Antonina V. , Yakovleva Alexandra F. , Ibragimov Eduard S. 
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the formation features of the civic consciousness among the youth in mass culture and media communications. Civil self-consciousness is represented through a system of personal values, a person's ideas about himself as a citizen, as well as about the state and society where he belongs and in relation to which he is self-determined.
The purpose of the article is to present how the youth consumes the mass culture products and socio-political media content in the context of the formation process of their civic consciousness. The design of an empirical study is based on the principles of a political and psychological approach. The empirical basis of the research is the materials of the All-Russian survey of the youth aged 18 to 30 years, conducted in 2020 using the formalized interview procedure (n = 1600) and the in-depth interview method (n = 200), as well as the materials of the expert survey (n = 20). The materials reveal attitudes of the youth to printed publications, television content, Internet resources, film products, fiction, musical compositions, perception characteristics of the presented socio-political information. The character of media consumption among the youth is determined by the values of freedom and autonomy, justice, truth and truthfulness, and trust in information sources that are significant for them. The lack of critical thinking skills necessary for processing and analyzing a huge array of information determines their primitive perception of the political, the inability to identify political plots and political problems presented in the works of mass culture, a high degree of reactivity to the appearance of various media products. The civic consciousness formation of the youth becomes “broken” and fragmented under the influence of the media space as a factor of political socialization.
DISTANCE EDUCATION IN THE PANDEMIC ERA: THE VIEWS OF GREEK GENERAL AND SPECIAL EDUCATION TEACHERS OF SECONDARY EDUCATION REGARDING READINESS, CHALLENGES AND THE POST-COVID EDUCATIONAL PRACTICES
Authors: Vasiliki Giannouli , Dimitrios Sarris , Maro Papadopoulou 
Published: December 2021

<p>The present study, via the use of a questionnaire, examined the views of 138 Greek teachers, of general and special education, on the readiness for distance education, the challenges they face during the courses, and the measures to be taken in education in case of a next crisis such as Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). Educators’ views on the measures to be taken by educational institutions in order to be ready to provide distance education in the post-COVID era were also examined. The analysis of results showed that Special Education teachers appeared to be more ready for distance education; indeed, their field of employment itself, namely teaching, their years of service, the age and the level of studies were found to have a statistically significant influence on their answers. The greater challenge that both groups of teachers faced were the difficulties in communicating with their students. It became apparent also the great need for training teachers in issues related to distance education as well as the protection of their personal data of their students. </p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0977/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
AS PESSOAS COM ALBINISMO E O DIREITO À SAÚDE NO BRASIL
Authors: Luz Joselito Perreira da 
Published: December 2021

Este artigo objetivou analisar, à luz da constituição e da legislação infraconstitucional, a problemática acerca do direito das pessoas com albinismo frente ao dever do Estado de garantir políticas públicas de acesso à saúde de forma integral e específica. Para tanto, com fundamento nos princípios constitucionais, buscou-se mapear as diretrizes, leis e normas que regulam as ações públicas de saúde de caráter e específico, levantando as principais ações públicas em andamento. Ainda procurou identificar as principais possibilidades e dificuldades enfrentadas no acesso ao direito à saúde em relação às pessoas com albinismo.
R. LEMKIN'S CONTRIBUTION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN INTERNATIONAL LAW AND INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW
Authors: Salkiewicz-Munnerlyn Ewa 
Published: December 2021

This article presents the significance and impact of Lemkin's concept of genocide on the development of international law. We will randomly present the jurisprudence of international courts such as the ICJ, the ICC, the ICTY and the ICTR, which analyzed the concepts of genocide, including cultural heritage crimes. Residual functions of the ICTY, including oversight of sentences and consideration of any appeal proceedings initiated since 1 July 2013, are under the jurisdiction of a successor body, the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals (IRMCT). The article also invites attention to the impact on R2P and the human rights, as well as international state responsibility and the individual responsibility.
Confirmation bias among middle school students prepared
Authors: Asmaa Ali Abdul-Hussein Dr. Ali Sakr Jaber Al-Khuzaie 
Published: December 2021

The current research aims to know the confirmation bias among middle school students, as well as knowing the significance of the differences in the confirmation bias among middle school students according to the variables of sex (males, females, gender, gender, gender, gender, They adopted the researcher scale (Shannan,2019), depending on the theory Wason consisted measure in its final form after the completion of the terms of honesty, fortitude and strength discriminatory internal consistency (28) paragraph, was the application of the tool on a sample of (500) students, were tested way The random stratification with a proportional style, for the year (2020-2021), and the research net showed that middle school students commonly have confirmation bias. •	There are no statistically significant differences in the degrees of confirmation bias among middle school students, according to gender variables (Nakor, female). •	There are statistically significant differences in the confirmation bias according to the specialization variable (scientific - literary) and towards the scientific specialization. •	There are statistically significant differences in the degree of confirmation bias between students of the fourth and fifth grades and towards the fourth grade. •	There are differences in the confirmation bias as a result of the interactions between the variables of gender (male, female), specialization (scientific, literary), and grade (fourth, fifth).
Sistem Informasi Manajemen DPC Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa Kudus Berbasis Responsif Web dengan Notifikasi Whatsapp
Authors: Septiana Siti Ifa , Setiawan Arif , Arifin Muhammad 
Published: December 2021

Partai kebangkitan bangsa (PKB) kudus .partai kebangkitan bangsa didirikan pada masa reformasi , setelah Presiden Soeharto lengser. Sehari setelah peristiwa tersebut pengurus besar nahdlatul ulama (PBNU) mulai mendapatkan banyak saran dari para warga NU dari seluruh plosok tanah air untuk membentuk sebuah partai politik yaitu Partai kebangkitan bangsa. Disina saya memilih objek peneliatian yaitu DPC Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa Kudus. Mengimbangi perkembangan zaman yang lebih modern disini saya akan membangun “Sistem Informasi Manajemen DPC Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa Kudus “ yang didalamnya berisi pengelolaan pendaftran calon legislative, pendatan keanggotaan yang berisi inputan data anggota dan pembuatan KTA (Kartu tanda anggota), penyeleksian proposal masyarakat yang didapat dari kegiatan reses yang dilakuakn anggota dewan, pembuatan surat untuk surat tugas dewan, dan inputan kegiatan anggota dewan yang dilakukan . Dalam system ini juga di lengkapi dengan notifikasi whatsapp.
Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah sebuah system yang dapat membantu mengolah managent informasi yang ada pada PKB kabupaten Kudus yang berupa data pendaftar calon legislative, data keanggotaan , data proposal aspirasi masyarakat, surat tugas, data kegiatan yang dilakukan anggota dewan ,dan pelaporanya. di system ini juga di lengkapi dengan vitur whats app yang diharapkan agar dapat lebih berguna bagi DPC PKB kabupaten kudus .
Implementasi Pendidikan Akhlak di Masa Pandemi
Authors: Ronaldo Rozalino  , Riki Saputra  , Ahmad Lahmi  
Published: December 2021

Moral learning has a more specific purpose to form the behavior of learners, therefore the main aspects expected of moral learning are related to attitudes, while for the formation of attitudes require exampleal examples by learners. Learning in the covid-19 period the presence of teachers as figures that are commonly examined by learners' words and actions are very minimal. Therefore, this study wants to reveal how moral learning for students in high school during covid-19. This research was conducted using a quantitative approach, the research sample was a student of Sma Negeri 1 Senta Raya taken with cluster techniques, research data collected with questionnaire techniques. The planning carried out by the teacher has no difference with moral learning planning in normal times. The implementation of learning is done online using the media of the teacher's room. Moral learning outcomes are more dominated by cognitive aspects. This is because the presence of teachers directly is very minimal.
Peran Program Tahfiz Alquran dalam Meningkatkan Perilaku Belajar terhadap Anak dan Remaja
Authors: Manik Wagiman , Ibnu Fisabilillah  
Published: December 2021

الأخلاق الكريمة هي من أعظم العبادة, ولها فوائد كثيرة منها حسن الخلق يرتقي بصاحبه إلى الدرجات العالية من الإيمان, و بعث الله نبيه محمدا صلى الله عليه وسلم للدعوة إلى الأخلاق الصالحة, وأقرب الناس منزلة من رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم, وغير ذلك من فوائد الأخلاق الكريمة. ومن طريقة كسب الأخلاق الصالحة بحفظ القرآن, لأن القرآن سيطهر ما في القب ويؤثر في الجوارح. وهذا الذي سيُطبَّقُه في البرنامج التدريب الميداني بمنطقة سولوك سومترى الغربية. لأن المشكلة هناك كثير من الأطفال أو الأولاد ليس لهم حسن الخلق, بل يقعون في الجريمة والمعاصي, ومن أسباب ذلك قلة اهتمام آبائهم بتربية أبنائهم وقلة اهتمامهم بالقرآن, لذلك ستنفذ حلقة حفظ القرآن. فهذا البرنامج يفيدهم وتحسن أخلاقهم بعد أن يشتركوا في حلقة حفظ القرآن. والطريقة المستخدمة في خدمة المجتمع تستخدم أسلوب البحث التشاركي حيث يقوم الباحث بثلاث مراحل وهي التخطيط وتنفيذ وتقييم. نتيجة برنامج تحفيظ القرآن في قرية تالاوك، منطقة سولوك سومطرة غربية لها أثر إيجابية لللأولاد في أخلاقهم.