bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin B‐6 Restriction Alters Concentrations of One‐Carbon (1C) Metabolites in Healthy Human Subjects
Authors: da Silva Vanessa R. , Quinlivan Eoin , Lamers Yvonne , Coats Bonnie , Stacpoole Peter W. , Gregory Jesse F. 
Published: June 2021

Metabolic profiling of the effects of a marginal B‐6 deficiency can provide insight into the sensitivity of 1C metabolism to B‐6 status, and the level of stress placed on different pathways due to this deficiency. It also can add to our knowledge regarding vitamin B‐6 requirement for the optimal performance of the 1C cycle and may generate new hypotheses to be tested. This study aimed to assess the impact of marginal vitamin B‐6 deficiency (plasma PLP 20 –30 nM) on the plasma profile of one‐carbon metabolites in humans. Twenty‐two healthy men and women were placed on a 28‐d controlled dietary vitamin B‐6 restriction. Fasting plasma samples were collected at baseline and at day 28. Targeted analysis of known substrates and products of 1C metabolism and transsulfuration were performed by LC/MS‐MS. A one‐step extraction allowed simultaneous analysis of the concentrations of fifteen metabolites in a small volume of plasma. Results show a significant increase in plasma cystathionine (p<0.01) at marginal B‐6 deficiency, consistent with previous findings from our group. Plasma concentrations of serine and glycine also were significantly higher (p<0.05) at low B‐6 status. Postprandial plasma samples were collected as well and will allow evaluation of substrate availability in the fed versus fasted state on the 1C pathway in a marginal B‐6 deficiency.Supported by NIH grant DK072398 and NIH National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) CTSA grant 1UL1RR029890.
Vitamin D status and plasma proteomic profiles
Authors: García‐Bailo Bibiana , Badawi Alaa , Brenner Darren , Nielsen Daiva , Lee Hyeon‐Joo , Karmali Mohamed A , Borchers Christoph H , El‐Sohemy Ahmed 
Published: June 2021

Vitamin D deficiency, defined as serum 25(OH)D <27.5 nmol/L, has been associated with biomarkers of inflammation and increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Our objective was to examine the association between vitamin D status and a panel of 55 common plasma proteins involved in inflammation, endothelial activation and lipid metabolism in an ethnically diverse population (n=1107) of young Canadian adults aged 20–29 years. Protein concentrations were measured with a tandem mass spectrometry‐based multiple reaction monitoring assay. Using principal components analysis, 4 main independent proteomic profiles were identified. Profiles 1 and 2 each included proteins involved in multiple pathways, while profile 3 consisted of pro‐inflammatory proteins and profile 4 included coagulation proteins. Generalized linear models adjusted for age, sex, BMI, season, ethnicity, physical activity and energy intake showed that vitamin D status was associated with differences in average profile loading scores. Profile 1 was positively associated with vitamin D status, while profiles 2 and 3 were inversely associated with vitamin D status. Vitamin D appears to be associated with distinct plasma proteomic profiles and may regulate physiologic pathways associated with T2D and CVD. Research Support from the Public Health Agency of Canada and the Advanced Foods and Materials Network.Grant Funding Source: Public Health Agency of Canada, Advanced Foods and Materials Network
Derivation of equations for the plateau principle and their application to changes in body mass index and insulin sensitivity after bariatric surgery
Authors: Hargrove James L. , Heinz Grete , Smith Jeffrey W. , Lee Yi‐Chih , Lee Wei‐Jei 
Published: June 2021

We derive equations for a model called the plateau principle that describes an exponential approach to steady state. We test whether the general solution fits data for longitudinal changes in body mass index (BMI) and insulin sensitivity (HOMA) during 3 years after laparoscopic mini‐gastric bypass surgery (LMGB). In the general solution, k is a unique, first order rate parameter, t is time, and M0, Mt and Mss, respectively, are BMI or HOMA at baseline, at time t, and at steady state:
urn:x-wiley:08926638:fsb2fasebj251supplement9871:equation:fsb2fasebj251supplement9871-math-0001
We show how to automate Microsoft Excel's Solver feature to fit the model to a large data set (n = 1069) obtained after LMGB. Three year follow‐up data for 97 patients with complete records show an exponential pattern for change in BMI for most individuals and for group averages. The model shows that the rate of change for HOMA is much greater than the rate of change in BMI (mean k ≅ 1.26 mo−1 vs. 0.25 mo−1) BMI stabilizes for most patients between 9–18 mo, whereas HOMA stabilizes in less than 6 mo. There is little or no difference in rates of change among most anthropometric measures, or in rates of change between female and male subjects. We conclude that the plateau model of Equation 1 can be applied to changes in BMI and some other anthropometric and functional measures after bariatric surgery. When model assumptions are valid, the model may also apply to changes in weight or functional capacity during weight loss caused by dieting, aerobic training, or by drug treatment. (Supported by Hatch project GEO00602 from the GA Agricultural Experiment Station).
Using mixed methods to examine the influence of maternal perception on child weight and feeding practices of Latino WIC mothers
Authors: Kim Loan Pham , Harrison Gail , Mallo Nelly 
Published: June 2021

Childhood obesity rates have risen dramatically in the US, and at particular risk are immigrant Latino children. Public health practitioners agree that dietary treatment of overweight in children alone is usually unsatisfactory. Early prevention through careful attention to both diet and factors influencing dietary behaviors is a more viable public health option. The purpose of this mixed methods study was to assess how maternal perception influences child feeding practices among Latino WIC mothers. Data were drawn from two sources: the Children's Health Information Research Project (CHIRP) data on overweight and non‐overweight children, and qualitative data from a sub‐set of 20 WIC participants and 16 para‐professional staff. Descriptive statistics, chi‐square and thematic analyses were completed. We found more than 70% of mothers of 3–5 year old overweight children considered their child to be of normal weight. More than 20% of mothers of normal weight children identified their child as too thin or underweight. Narratives revealed that mothers' perception of healthy weight was not based on anthropometrics but a function of the child's ability to be as active as other children without “running out of breath”. We will present this and other salient findings, and discuss the need for health professionals to bridge this disconnect when designing obesity prevention programs for low‐income Latino children.Grant Funding Source: Supported by AHA #09PRE2390123
Education in Nutrition Medicine: the Critical Role of Medical Students
Authors: Milch Hannah Swan , Wang Flint , Mulchandani Neetu , Decker Ashley , Gorman Kathy , Lenders Carine 
Published: June 2021

Statement of the ProblemThe Healthy People 2010 and the US Preventive Services Task Force recommend that physicians provide nutritional counseling to their patients. Less than 10% of fourth‐year students at Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM) felt well‐prepared to address nutritional concerns with patients.ObjectiveTo enhance medical students' knowledge, attitudes, and counseling skills in nutrition medicine.MethodThe Student Nutrition Awareness and Action Council (SNAAC) was created in 2009–10. Second years students lead SNAAC's activities and recruit first‐year students to become the next year's leaders. SNAAC has a membership of 56 students and a primary mentor who is a Physician Nutrition Specialist. Major support comes from medical school funds and foundation awards.InterventionSNAAC activities are classified in five categories: 1) education: students work with BUSM's Nutrition Vertical Integration Group to create and update a virtual nutrition medicine course; 2) community outreach: students work with high‐school students to create nutrition tools for community‐based interventions; 3) clinical practice: students conduct interviews at a pediatric obesity clinic; 4) advocacy: students promote healthier food options at cafeterias on‐site and work with regional nutrition/obesity committees to change policies; and, 5) events: students hold a nutrition‐lecture series. As a result, SNAAC obtained the best student presentation award at the John McCahan Education Day and became a featured program of BUSM's Deans Service Learning Initiative and Wellness Initiative.Future DirectionTo partner with BU dietetic interns and public health students and expand this partnership to other universities. To provide opportunities in research and global health.Support: 2010 CNIP award, American Society for Nutrition (Hannah Milch, BA); The New Balance Foundation Award and Loomis, Sayles & Company Charitable Fund (Carine Lenders, MD)
College cafeteria snack food sales become less healthy with each passing week of the semester
Authors: Shimizu Mitsuru , Cao Ying , Wansink Brian , Just David R 
Published: June 2021

How do college snack food sales vary across the semester? The purpose of the present report is to examine the effect of stress on dietary choice in cafeterias on a university campus during the semester by using the academic calendar for the semester (i.e. begin of class, breaks, and final weeks) as natural manipulations for stress. The data were collected from the three largest cafeterias (or dining halls) on Cornell University's campus during 4 semesters (fall 2006, spring 2007, fall 2007 and spring 2008), for 18 weeks in each semester. The total amount sold for each single item was recorded in these cafeterias. As weeks pass, unhealthy food choices significantly increase about 0.4% week by week toward the end of both Fall and Spring semesters. In contrast, the healthy food choice slightly decreased during the fall semester. Those results are consistent with a current model of behavioral economics and social/cognitive psychology that, because stress taxes cognitive resource that is essential for healthy food choice, people are more likely to made less healthy food choice.Grant Funding Source: none
An Assessment of Nutrition Education in Selected Counties in New York State Elementary Schools (K‐5)
Authors: Watts Sheldon Oliver , Lancaster Kristie J , Pinero Domingo J , Alter Mark M 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo assess the extent to which nutrition education is implemented in selected counties in New York State elementary schools (grades K‐5) and explore how nutrition knowledge is presented in the classroom and what factors support it.DesignOne hundred thirty nine teachers were recruited from 18 New York State public elementary schools in urban (N=7), suburban (N=5), and rural (N=6) areas. Teachers completed a survey that measured the amount of nutrition‐related instruction; identified nutrition topics, methods of teaching, and nutrition‐related resources.ResultsEighty three percent of teachers taught some nutrition (9.0 ± 10.5 hours). Teachers taught lessons about finding and choosing healthy foods (61%), relationship between diet and health (54%), and the MyPyramid (52%). Suburban teachers (12.4 ± 12.5 hours) taught significantly (p = 0.006) more hours of nutrition than rural teachers (4.2 ± 3.9 hours). Teachers at schools with fewer than 80% non‐white students taught significantly (p = 0.016) more (10.4 ± 11.4 hours) than teachers at schools with more than 80% non‐White students (5.6 ± 6.4 hours).ConclusionsTeachers in this study reported that nutrition education is important and are willing to teach nutrition. Efforts should be made to support nutrition‐related topics, methods of instruction, and availability of resources.
How to kill food cravings? Just a bite or the full portion
Authors: Shimizu Mitsuru , van Kleef Ellen , Wansink Brian 
Published: June 2021

A food craving is an intense desire for a food, which is difficult to resist. Studying food cravings is important, because food cravings influence snacking behavior and are believed to contribute to excessive eating and in this way to obesity. The experiment reported here explores the impact of providing participants with ‘just a bite’ of desirable, craving‐inducing foods versus a large amount of these foods. The expectation is that the portion size of a desirable food will impact craving tendencies and appetite at different points in time. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the two conditions where they were presented with small versus large portions of chocolate chips, apple pie, and potato chips. Participants were asked to report their appetite and cravings for those foods before eating, immediately after eating, and 20 minutes after eating. Compared to before eating, cravings were significantly reduced 20 minutes after eating, all Fs > 16.2, ps <.001. Compared to before eating, appetite was also significantly reduced 20 minutes after eating, F > 6.5, p =.002. Importantly, these effects were consistent across the two conditions, ps >.44, suggesting that simply eating just a bite of food, rather than full of food, is enough to reduce food cravings.Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship of second author within the 7th European Community Framework Programme.
Healthy Outcome for Teens (HOT project): Change in Social Cognitive Theory constructs in a randomized control trial
Authors: Muzaffar Henna , Castelli Darla , Goss David , Scherer Jane , Chapman‐Novakofski Karen 
Published: June 2021

The objective of the HOT project: Healthy Outcome for Teens was to compare a control group (n=104) with passive online learning [POL] and a treatment group (n=129) with active online learning [AOL] for the exercise outcome expectancies (EOE), nutrition outcome expectancies (NOE), exercise self‐efficacy (ESE), weight efficacy lifestyle (WEL), planning a meal (PM), and rapid eating assessment (REA) questionnaires. Cronbach alpha was calculated on baseline data: EOE (12 items) = 0.849, NOE (20 items) = 0.783, ESE (6 items) = 0.961, WEL (18 of 19 possible items) = 0.929, PM (5 items) = 0.439, REA (26 items) = 0.816. Composite scores for all except PM questionnaire were computed and used for analysis. There were no significant differences in baseline scores except NOE (POL vs AOL). Significant improvements in 3 items for PM were found (Starch: control, 0.42 ± 0.50 and treatment, 0.57 ± 0.50; Fruit: control, 0.31 ± 0.47 and treatment, 0.52 ± 0.50; Beverage: control, 0.52 ± 0.50 and treatment, 0.71 ± 0.45). Control (POL) EOE was significantly more positive than treatment. No significant differences were found for WEL, ESE, REA. For skill in PM, AOL had a greater effect than POL.Grant Funding Source: ADAF, NSRL, ISA, Illinois AMVETS, Illinois Extension
Maternal high fat diet and offspring CNS gene expression
Authors: Reyes Teresa M 
Published: June 2021

The goal of our research is to understand the molecular mechanisms that link maternal high fat diet consumption during pregnancy with altered CNS gene expression in the offspring. In our model, pregnant and lactating mouse dams are fed a high fat (HF) diet, and large for gestational age (LGA) offspring demonstrate significant dysfunction in the dopaminergic, and opioid systems. Prenatal diet can impact DNA methylation, and we have documented both global and gene‐specific methylation differences in LGA mice.Dietary methionine is essential for proper DNA methylation, and we hypothesized that methyl supplementation of the HF diet would prevent some of the aberrant DNA methylation/gene expression in the LGA offspring. Offspring from dams fed a HF diet show increased dopamine transporter expression in the brain. However, when both control and HF diet were supplemented with methyl donors, this effect is blocked. The pattern of responses is also affected by offspring sex. These data show that methyl donor supplementation can reverse aberrant gene expression changes in LGA offspring, and support the examination of this intervention on methylation and gene expression changes in the CNS of LGA animals.
Dietary pattern and serum leptin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Oman: a case‐control study
Authors: Al‐Maskari Masoud Y. , Waly Mostafa I. , Ali Amanat , Al‐Shuaibi Yusra S. 
Published: June 2021

This case‐control study was conducted to identify the dietary pattern and the correlation between serum leptin level, obesity and insulin level in diagnosed type 2 Omani diabetics (in the age 35–65 years) as compared to controls group. One hundred subjects (50 patients and 50 controls) were recruited for this study. All subjects were interviewed to answer a questionnaire which included all socioeconomic data, dietary intake and anthropometric measurements. Biochemical parameters measured were fasting glucose level, serum insulin and serum leptin. The total daily energy intake of cases was significantly higher than the controls group. The percentage of energy derived from carbohydrate and protein were comparable between cases and controls. Meanwhile the total daily fat consumption and its contribution to energy intake were significantly higher in diabetics as compared to controls. The mean serum leptin level was significantly higher in diabetics than in controls showing a pattern of increased risk for diabetes development, and it was also significantly higher in females than in males. Serum leptin was positively correlated with body mass index and serum insulin level.ConclusionHigh energy intake and obesity predispose susceptible individuals to an increase in serum leptin level which is positively correlated to serum insulin level and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Sixteen‐year longitudinal trends in waist circumference and their impact on blood pressure in China Cohort
Authors: Wang Huijun , Zhang Bing , Zhai Fengying , Popkin Barry M. 
Published: June 2021

To evaluate the association among waist circumference (WC), changes in waist circumference (ΔWC) and changes in blood pressure, we used prospective data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey of 3077 subjects aged 18–45 years old, whose blood pressure was normal at baseline and who did not take anti‐hypertension drugs and was reexamined at least one more time in follow‐up years. Controlled for age, BMI, blood pressure at baseline and changes in BMI, we used multivariate analysis of variance for longitudinal, repeated‐measures and random effects linear model to analyze changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) among WC and ΔWC groups. SBP increased 8.9 mmHg in low WC group compared with 14.9 mmHg in high WC group (P<0.001) in men and 11.3 mmHg and 20.6 mmHg, respectively (P<0.001) in women. For DBP, the same results showed an increase of 5.9 mmHg in low WC group vs. 9.9 mmHg in high WC group (P<0.001) in men and 5.8 mmHg vs. 11.1mmHg in women, respectively. SBP and DBP increased higher in both high and low ΔWC gain groups than in WC stable or decrease groups. Association between WC or ΔWC and blood pressure was statistically significant. Independent of BMI, among Chinese adults central distributed body fat at baseline and an increase in central body fat can independently increase SBP and DBP in both men and women.Supported by NIH (R01‐HD30880) and Fogarty International Center, NIH (5D43TW007709).
Cardiometabolic problems in Guangzi, a poor Chinese province
Authors: Fang Zhifeng , Tang Zhenzhu , Yang Hong , Wang Qichun , Zhao Lin 
Published: June 2021

We used a subsample of 1,256 adults aged 18 and above from an ongoing study, China Health and Nutrition Survey, to examine the prevalence of cardiometabolic problems in Guangxi, China. We collected anthropometric data in standard way, measured blood pressure with mercury sphygmomanometers. We also collected fasting blood samples and measured HbA1C, fasting glucose and lipids in fresh samples for the HbA1C and for the others with a Hitachi 7600 automatic analyzer. In 2009, the prevalence of hypertension was 19.7% in urban residents and 19.9% in rural residents (p>0.05). Urban‐rural differences in overweight were similar (20.3% and 21.9%, respectively) (defined as BMI≥25) with 26.6% and 24.9% reflecting central obesity (defined as waist circumference>88 in men or >80 in women) in urban and rural areas, respectively. The prevalence of diabetes was 5.5% in urban and 3.1% in rural. Overall, the prevalence of dyslipidemia was 46.2% and 43.9% in urban and rural areas, respectively. 30.9% of young adults aged 18–30 years old were dyslipidemia. Cardiometabolic problems increased rapidly in rural areas over the past decade to levels almost comparable with urban residents. This points to a need to focus on both urban and rural areas in China, the latter being neglected for noncommunicable disease prevention.This study was supported by NIH (R01‐HD30880) and Fogarty International Center, NIH (5D43TW007709).
Cigarette smoking and CVD risk factors in Irish adults
Authors: McCrorie Tracy Ann , Wallace Julie MW , Mullee Amy , Sinclair Andrew J , Strain J J 
Published: June 2021

Cigarette smoking is an independent risk factor for CVD and is estimated to account for 12% of all disease burden and over 20% of CVD in developed countries. Previous research has shown that smokers (SK) are more likely make poorer choices in relation to diet and lifestyle compared to non‐smokers (NSK). Therefore SK may be expected to have a less favourable profile of other CVD risk factors compared to NSK.The aim of this study was to compare CVD risk factors in apparently healthy SK and NSK Irish adults (18–45 years). Smokers and NSK were gender and age‐matched (n=194; 109 males and 85 females) and provided a fasting blood sample. Serum C‐reactive protein, glucose, TAG, total cholesterol and HDL‐cholesterol were measured and LDL‐cholesterol calculated. Anthropometric measurements of weight, height and waist circumference (WC) were taken and BMI was calculated.In men, there were no significant differences in BMI and WC between smokers and NSK. Female smokers had a higher WC than NSK, but no difference in BMI. Older, heavier men who smoked were 4.5 times (95%CI 1.7 to 11.2, P=0.003) more likely to have high TAG (above the median; >1.18mmol/l). Smoking status did not predict other CVD risk factors.In these analyses smoking predicted high TAG levels, but not other CVD risk factors. These findings warrant further investigation of the association between smoking and CVD risk factors in Irish adults.
Body mass index and waist circumference as predictors of blood pressure in children and adolescents with obesity
Authors: Romero‐Velarde Enrique , Alvarez‐Roman Yussani , Fonseca‐Reyes Salvador , Illescas‐Zarate Daniel , Torres‐Gudiño Norma E. 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo identify the relationship of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) values for systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in children and adolescents with obesity.MethodsWe studied 65 children and adolescents with obesity (BMI > percentile 95). Anthropometric and laboratory assessment was conducted; blood pressure measurement in triplicate adjusted for age and height.Results40 boys and 25 girls with a mean age of 10.4 ± 3.0 years. Blood pressure was lower than 90 percentile on 93.8%, only two cases (3.1%) between 90 and 95 percentile and two above the 95 percentile. WC showed a better correlation with SBP than BMI (r = 0.38, p = 0.001 versus r = 0.27, p = 0.01), whereas for DBP, the correlation was similar for WC and BMI (r = 0.38, p = 0,001). Multivariate models for SBP and DBP showed greater influence of WC than BMI.DiscussionThe magnitude of the observed correlation seems to confirm a better relation of WC with blood pressure. BMI is not able to distinguish between subjects with excess adipose tissue or those with increases in muscle mass. Parameters considering abdominal adiposity have better relationship with cardiovascular risk factors.