bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenomenological‐based semiphysical model to predict the water holding capacity of processed meats in the mixing process
Authors: Gaviria Laura M. , Ospina‐E Juan C. , Muñoz Diego A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study proposes a phenomenological‐based semiphysical model (PBSM) for the mixing process to predict meat protein denaturation and their interactions with water molecules when salts and phosphates are present. Protein fractions are measured according to their solubility, which is an indicator of structural changes. A reaction scheme is proposed based on the literature review and the consolidation of individual experiments carried out at an industrial scale mortadella fed‐batch reactor. The model is simulated with numerical integration of a set of ODEs governing the time‐evolution of species concentrations. The results show that the model was able to predict the water‐holding capacity at standard formulation and operational conditions.Practical applicationsThe knowledge of the effects of processing conditions on the structure and the interactions of muscle proteins contributes to understanding the impact of processing on meat product quality. The phenomenological‐based semiphysical model developed in this study has broad applicability in the food industry since it is the first attempt to link meat protein composition with the functional property water‐holding capacity mathematically. The high interpretability of model parameters provides a deeper understand of the process phenomena; so that the model becomes a way to develop strategies to improve the process.
“My backpack is so heavy”: Experiences of Latino caregivers of family with early‐onset Alzheimer's
Authors: Withers Mellissa , Cortez‐Sanchez Kristyan , Herrera Joseph , Ringman John M. , Segal‐Gidan Freddi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesWhile it is well‐known that caregiving can have adverse effects on the physical and mental health of informal caregivers and their families, caregivers of those with early‐onset Alzheimer's Disease (EOAD) may have distinct needs. Little is written about the experiences of Latino caregivers of family members with EOAD, especially inherited forms. This study's objective was to explore the experiences and needs of Latino caregivers of persons with EOAD.MethodsFive focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted among 27 informal caregivers of Latinos with EOAD who were recruited through an AD clinic in Los Angeles.ResultsThe stress of caregiving was compounded by other pressures and worries, such as taking care of young children, providing financially for family, caregivers' own co‐morbidities, and contemplating their own risk of inheriting EOAD. Resources for monolingual Spanish speakers were scarce. Participants had two primary unmet needs: information and support services. Participants lacked information about how to provide appropriate care, which heightened fears. Difficulty in obtaining a diagnosis from physicians who were uninformed about EOAD was also common. Recommended topics for informational campaigns included how‐to videos on caring for a loved one but also topics related to self‐care for caregivers.ConclusionsOur results underscore the need to tailor programs for caregivers of family members with EOAD. Educational campaigns could help to dispel myths and misconceptions, reduce stigma associated with EOAD, and encourage more people to seek timely care. Additional psychosocial support, such as support groups, could build solidarity and self‐efficacy. Better access to dual‐language information and support could encourage early help‐seeking but also improve caregivers' quality of life as they manage long‐term caregiving responsibilities.
Predictive validity of the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short‐Form for rehabilitation patients: A retrospective analysis of the Japan Rehabilitation Nutrition Database
Authors: Nishioka Shinta , Wakabayashi Hidetaka , Kayashita Jun , Taketani Yutaka , Momosaki Ryo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundMalnutrition is associated with worse outcome in rehabilitation patients; however, appropriate malnutrition screening tools for this population have not been investigated. We examined the predictive validity of specific cut‐off values of the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short‐Form version 2 (MNA‐SFv2) for Japanese rehabilitation patients.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study analyzed adult patients (≥ 20 years) in the Japan Rehabilitation Nutrition Database who were in convalescent rehabilitation wards after stroke or hip fracture. Patients were classified into three categories based on MNA‐SFv2 original (0–7, 8–11 and 12–14 points, respectively) or modified (0–5, 6–7 and 8–14 points, respectively) cut‐off values: malnutrition, at risk of malnutrition or well‐nourished. Functional independence measure (FIM) and home discharge were compared between the categories.ResultsOverall, 489 patients were analyzed. Based on the MNA‐SFv2 original and modified cut‐off values, 64.4% and 36.0% were malnourished, 32.3% and 28.4% were at risk of malnutrition, and 3.3% and 35.6% were well‐nourished, respectively. Malnutrition defined by both cut‐off values was significantly associated with the FIM at admission, whereas only those defined by modified cut‐off values predicted the FIM at discharge (B, −7.1; 95% confidence interval = −12.3 to −1.9). Neither original, nor modified cut‐off values predicted discharge to home and long‐term care facilities.ConclusionsAn MNA‐SFv2 score of 0–5 points may be useful to identify Japanese patients with poor outcomes in a rehabilitation setting.
Comparing Perceptions of Patient Nonparticipation in Nursing Care: A Secondary Analysis
Authors: Tobiano Georgia , Marshall Andrea P. , Chaboyer Wendy 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposePatient participation is characterized by dyadic patient–nurse interactions that enable patients to passively or actively participate in communicative and physical care activities. Less research has been conducted on nonparticipation. Examining this phenomenon may highlight issues to address and identify strategies that may ultimately promote patient participation and move the rhetoric of patient participation to a reality. The aim of this secondary analysis was to explore hospital patients’ and nurses’ perceptions of nonparticipation in nursing care specifically focused on communication and self‐care.DesignSecondary supplementary analysis of qualitative data. We collated original transcripts from one dataset that included 20 patient and 20 nurse interviews conducted at two hospitals in Australia, in November 2013 to March 2014.MethodsInterviews were arranged into units of analysis dependent on group (patient/nurse) and setting (public/private hospital) and were reanalyzed using manifest, inductive content analysis.FindingsTwo categories were found: (a) nurses impeding two‐way clinical communication; and (b) patients and nurses disregarding patients’ self‐care efforts. These categories describe that nonparticipation occurred when nurses inhibited communication, and when patients were not involved in self‐care while hospitalized or during discharge planning.ConclusionsPerceptions of nonparticipation differ across settings, having implications for how patient participation recommendations are enacted in different contexts.Clinical RelevanceThere is no one‐size‐fits‐all approach; nurses need to identify common instances of nonparticipation within their setting and develop and implement strategies to promote patient participation that are suited to their context.
Cimetidine‐induced androgenic failure causes cell death and changes in actin, EGF and V‐ATPase immunoexpression in rat submandibular glands
Authors: Manzato Mariane Castro , de Santi Fabiane , da Silva André Acácio Souza , Beltrame Flávia L. , Cerri Paulo S. , Sasso‐Cerri Estela 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSubmandibular gland (SMG) is responsive to androgens via androgen receptor (AR). We verified whether cimetidine induces androgenic dysfunction in SMG, and evaluated the structural integrity, cell death and immunoexpression of actin, EGF and V‐ATPase in androgen‐deficient SMG. Male rats received cimetidine (CMTG) and control animals (CG) received saline. Granular convoluted tubules (GCTs) diameter and number of acinar cell nuclei were evaluated. TUNEL and immunofluorescence reactions for detection of AR, testosterone, actin, EGF and V‐ATPase were quantitatively analysed. In CG, testosterone immunolabelling was detected in acinar and ductal cells cytoplasm. AR‐immunolabelled nuclei were observed in acinar cells whereas ductal cells showed AR‐immunostained cytoplasm, indicating a non‐genomic AR action. In CMTG, the weak testosterone and AR immunoexpression confirmed cimetidine‐induced androgenic failure. A high cell death index was correlated with decreased number of acinar cells, GCTs diameter and EGF immunoexpression under androgenic dysfunction. Actin immunofluorescence decreased in the SMG cells, but an increased and diffuse cytoplasmic V‐ATPase immunolabelling was observed in striated ducts, suggesting a disruption in the actin‐dependent V‐ATPase recycling due to androgenic failure. Our findings reinforce the androgenic role in the maintenance of SMG histophysiology, and point to a potential clinical use of cimetidine against androgen‐dependent glandular tumour cells.
Constraints associated with captivity alter craniomandibular integration in wild boar
Authors: Neaux Dimitri , Blanc Barbara , Ortiz Katia , Locatelli Yann , Schafberg Renate , Herrel Anthony , Debat Vincent , Cucchi Thomas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe domestication process is associated with substantial phenotypic changes through time. However, although morphological integration between biological structures is purported to have a major influence on the evolution of new morphologies, little attention has been paid to the influence of domestication on the magnitude of integration. Here, we assessed the influence of constraints associated with captivity, considered as one of the crucial first steps in the domestication process, on the integration of cranial and mandibular structures. We investigated the craniomandibular integration in Western European Sus scrofa using three‐dimensional (3D) landmark‐based geometric morphometrics. Our results suggest that captivity is associated with a lower level of integration between the cranium and the mandible. Plastic responses to captivity can thus affect the magnitude of integration of key functional structures. These findings underline the critical need to develop integration studies in the context of animal domestication to better understand the processes accountable for the set‐up of domestic phenotypes through time.
An evaluation of the FDA adverse event reporting system and the potential for reporting bias
Authors: Monnot Andrew D. , Fung Ernest S. , Compoginis Goli S. , Towle Kevin M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe FDA maintains the Adverse Event Reporting System (CAERS) database, which contains product complaint reports for foods, dietary supplements, and cosmetics. Product line perception and subsequent adverse event reporting may be impacted by negative media attention.MethodsThe purpose of this analysis was to use the CAERS database to analyze temporal trends in adverse event reporting before and after media coverage of alleged health effects, using WEN by Chaz Dean (WCD) cleansing conditioners as a case study. WCD cleansing conditioner adverse event reports from January 2005 to December 2018 were abstracted from the CAERS database. Zero‐inflated negative binomial regression models were used to analyze the rate of adverse events (WCD events/10,000 WCD cleansing conditioner units sold/month), adjusted for temporal trends in CAERS.ResultsThere was a statistically significant higher rate of adverse event reporting after negative media coverage in December 2015 (IRR 16.71 [95% CI: 7.89–35.39]) when compared to the rate of adverse event reporting before December 2015.ConclusionsThis analysis highlights the importance of assessing potential external factors, such as negative news media coverage, that may alter reporting behaviors due to societal shifts in product‐specific risk perception. Consideration of these factors in post‐market surveillance programs would result in more comprehensive safety evaluations.
Impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on the medical activities of the Directorate of Health and Hygiene, Vatican City State
Authors: Ralli Massimo , Arcangeli Andrea , Soave Paolo Maurizio , Carbone Luigi , Ercoli Lucia , De‐Giorgio Fabio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo report the changes in volume and characteristics of medical activities in the Vatican City State during COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsData for general / emergency procedures , specialty consultations, radiology examinations and diagnostic procedures delivered by the Directorate of Health and Hygiene of the Vatican City State were retrospectively analysed. Analysis focused on the entire year 2020 and on the lockdown period 9 March – 18 May 2020.ResultsIn 2020, 73.932 procedures were performed compared to 95.218 in 2019 (−22.4%). During lockdown, general / emergency activities decreased by 61.1%, specialty consultations by 85.3%, radiology examinations by 95.8%, and diagnostic procedures by 96.5%. A decrease was found for nearly all specialties; the most affected were occupational medicine and dermatology, whilst an increase was found for legal medicine, psychiatry and angiology.ConclusionMedical activities of the Vatican City State have been severely impacted, especially during the first months of the pandemic. However, organizational efforts allowed rapid restoration to near‐normal volumes.
Diagnosis and management of diabetes insipidus for the internist: an update
Authors: Christ‐Crain M. , Winzeler B. , Refardt J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDiabetes insipidus is a disorder characterized by excretion of large amounts of hypotonic urine. Four entities have to be differentiated: central diabetes insipidus resulting from a deficiency of the hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the pituitary gland or the hypothalamus, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus resulting from resistance to AVP in the kidneys, gestational diabetes insipidus resulting from an increase in placental vasopressinase and finally primary polydipsia, which involves excessive intake of large amounts of water despite normal AVP secretion and action. Distinguishing between the different types of diabetes insipidus can be challenging. A detailed medical history, physical examination and imaging studies are needed to detect the aetiology of diabetes insipidus. Differentiation between the various forms of hypotonic polyuria is then done by the classical water deprivation test or the more recently developed hypertonic saline or arginine stimulation together with copeptin (or AVP) measurement. In patients with idiopathic central DI, a close follow‐up is needed since central DI can be the first sign of an underlying pathology. Treatment of diabetes insipidus or primary polydipsia depends on the underlying aetiology and differs in central diabetes insipidus, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and primary polydipsia. This review will discuss issues and newest developments in diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment, with a focus on central diabetes insipidus.
Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in patients with pemphigus vulgaris: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Batistella Elis Ângela , Sabino da Silva Rayssa , Rivero Elena Riet Correa , Silva Carolina Amália Barcellos 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in patients with Pemphigus Vulgaris.MethodsObservational studies reporting the prevalence of oral lesions in pemphigus vulgaris patients, without restriction to language and year of publication, were selected in a two‐phase process. Search strategies were applied to PubMed, Scopus, Livivo, Web of Science, LILACS, Google Scholar, and OpenGrey databases. Articles assessing the prevalence of oral lesions in patients with conditions other than pemphigus vulgaris were excluded. Risk of bias analysis was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute's Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data. Synthesis of results was calculated by the software R Statistics version 4.0.2 (The R Foundation). Confidence in cumulative evidence was assessed with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria.ResultsFrom 1957 studies identified, 40 were included in qualitative synthesis and 38 in meta‐analyses. The pooled prevalence of patients with oral lesions solely or concurrent with other mucocutaneous lesions was 90.3%. The prevalence of patients with exclusive oral mucosal lesions was 50.8%. Risk of bias was considered low, and the certainty of evidence was very low.ConclusionOral lesions were present in approximately nine out of 10 patients with pemphigus vulgaris. The oral mucosa was the most common site of disease onset. Further longitudinal studies are urged to assess the prevalence of oral lesions at different disease stages.
i‐PATHWAY: Development and validation of a prediction model for childhood obesity in an Australian prospective birth cohort
Authors: Canfell Oliver J , Littlewood Robyn , Wright Olivia R L , Walker Jacqueline L 
Published: March 2021

AimTo develop and validate a model (i‐PATHWAY) to predict childhood (age 8–9 years) overweight/obesity from infancy (age 12 months) using an Australian prospective birth cohort.MethodsThe Transparent Reporting of a multivariable Prediction model for individual Prognosis or Diagnosis (TRIPOD) checklist was followed. Participants were n = 1947 children (aged 8–9 years) from the Raine Study Gen2 – an Australian prospective birth cohort – who had complete anthropometric measurement data available at follow up. The primary outcome was childhood overweight or obesity (age 8–9 years), defined by age‐ and gender‐specific cut‐offs. Multiple imputation was performed to handle missing data. Predictors were selected using 2000 unique backward stepwise logistic regression models. Predictive performance was assessed via: calibration, discrimination and decision‐threshold analysis. Internal validation of i‐PATHWAY was conducted using bootstrapping (1000 repetitions) to adjust for optimism and improve reliability. A clinical model was developed to support relevance to practice.ResultsAt age 8–9 years, 18.9% (n = 367) of children were classified with overweight or obesity. i‐PATHWAY predictors included: weight change (0–1 year); maternal pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI); paternal BMI; maternal smoking during pregnancy; premature birth; infant sleep patterns; and sex. After validation, predictive accuracy was acceptable: calibration slope = 0.956 (0.952–0.960), intercept = −0.052 (−0.063, −0.048), area under the curve = 0.737 (0.736–0.738), optimised sensitivity = 0.703(0.568–0.790), optimised specificity = 0.646 (0.571–0.986). The clinical model retained acceptable predictive accuracy without paternal BMI.Conclusionsi‐PATHWAY is a simple, valid and clinically relevant prediction model for childhood overweight/obesity. After further validation, this model can influence state and national health policy for overweight/obesity screening in the early years.
Effects of 25(OH)D3 supplementation during late gestation on the serum biochemistry and reproductive performance of aged sows and newborn piglets
Authors: Huang Kunxuan , Deng Jichang , Yang Yanyang , Qiao Na , Zhang Zhuowei , Li Quanwei , Han Qingyue , Zhang Hui , Yang Fan , Ji Yanju , Cui Jianxin , Ali Farah , Li Ying , Tang Zhaoxin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of diet type (normal or low Ca and P diets) and 25(OH)D3 supplementation (with or with not 2000 IU/kg 25(OH)D3) during late gestation on the serum biochemistry and reproductive performance of aged sows and newborn piglets. A total of 40 sows, which are at their 7th parity, were divided into four groups: control group (standard diet), low Ca group, 25(OH)D3 group and low Ca plus 25(OH)D3 group respectively (10 in each group). The blood of sows on day 100 and 114 of gestation and newborn piglets was collected for serum biochemical analyses. Results showed that the reproductive performance of sows was not influenced by diet type or 25(OH)D3 supplementation (p > 0.05). And the addition of 25(OH)D3 to diet low Ca group caused that the content of serum TG in sows on day 100 of gestation was not different from that of the control group (p > 0.05). The addition of 25(OH)D3 significantly decreases the content of serum TG in sows on day 114 of gestation (p < 0.05). The addition of 25(OH)D3 significantly increased the content of serum UREA and CREA in newborn piglets (p < 0.05). Overall, feeding 2000 IU/kg 25(OH)D3 to aged sows at late gestation had no effects on reproductive performance, but partly contributed to keeping serum TG balance in sows and may indicate increased pressure on kidneys in newborn piglets.
Salinity‐induced Changes in Gene Expression in the Streptophyte Alga Chara: The Critical Role of a Rare Na+‐ATPase
Authors: Phipps Shaunna , Delwiche Charles F. , Bisson Mary A. 
Published: March 2021

The primarily freshwater genus Chara is comprised of many species that exhibit a wide range of salinity tolerance. The range of salt tolerance provides a good platform for investigating the role of transport mechanisms in response to salt stress, and the close evolutionary relationship between Charophytes and land plants can provide broader insights. We investigated the response to salt stress of previously identified transport mechanisms in two species of Chara, Chara longifolia (salt‐tolerant), and Chara australis (salt‐sensitive): a cation transporter (HKT), a Na+/H+ antiport (NHX), H+‐ATPase (AHA), and a Na+‐ATPase (ENA). The presence of these candidate genes has been confirmed in both species of Chara, with the exception of the Na+‐ATPase, which is present only in salt‐tolerant Chara longifolia. Time‐course Illumina transcriptomes were created using RNA from multiple time points (0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h) after freshwater cultures for each species were exposed to salt stress. These transcriptomes verified our hypotheses of these mechanisms conferring salt tolerance in the two species examined and also aided in identification of specific transcripts representing our genes of interest in both species. The expression of these transcripts was validated through use of qPCR, in a similar experimental set‐up used for the RNAseq data described above. The RNAseq and qPCR data showed significant changes of expression mechanisms in C. longifolia (respectively), a down‐regulation of HKT and a substantial up‐regulation of ENA. Significant responses to salt stress in salt‐sensitive C. australis show up‐regulation of NHX and AHA.