bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Doing involvement: A qualitative study exploring the ‘work’ of involvement enacted by older people and their carers during transition from hospital to home
Authors: Hardicre Natasha , Murray Jenni , Shannon Rosie , Sheard Laura , Birks Yvonne , Hughes Lesley , Cracknell Alison , Lawton Rebecca 
Published: October 2021

AbstractContextBeing involved in one's care is prioritised within UK healthcare policy to improve care quality and safety. However, research suggests that many older people struggle with this.DesignWe present focused ethnographic research exploring older peoples' involvement in healthcare from hospital to home.ResultsWe propose that being involved in care is a dynamic form of labour, which we call ‘involvement work’ (IW). In hospital, many patients ‘entrust’ IW to others; indeed, when desired, maintaining control, or being actively involved, was challenging. Patient and professionals' expectations, alongside hospital processes, promoted delegation; staff frequently did IW on patients' behalf. Many people wanted to resume IW postdischarge, but struggled because they were out of practice.DiscussionPreference and capacity for involvement was dynamic, fluctuating over time, according to context and resource accessibility. The challenges of resuming IW were frequently underestimated by patients and care providers, increasing dependence on others post‐discharge and negatively affecting peoples' sense and experience of (in)dependence.ConclusionsA balance needs to be struck between respecting peoples' desire/capacity for non‐involvement in hospital while recognising that ‘delegating’ IW can be detrimental. Increasing involvement will require patient and staff roles to be reframed, though this must be done acknowledging the limits of patient desire, capability,and resources. Hospital work should be (re)organised to maximise involvement where possible and desired.Patient/Public ContributionOur Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement Panel contributed to research design, especially developing interview guides and patient‐facing documentation. Patients were key participants within the study; it is their experiences represented.
Experiences of and attitudes to lifestyle modification for the management of multiple sclerosis: A qualitative analysis of free‐text survey data
Authors: Neate Sandra L. , Donald Angela , Jelinek George A. , Nag Nupur 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundGrowing evidence suggests a role of lifestyle modification in improved health outcomes for people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS); however, perspectives of pwMS who engage in lifestyle modification are lacking.ObjectiveWe explored perspectives of pwMS regarding the modification of lifestyle‐related risk factors in multiple sclerosis (MS) for disease management to understand attitudes to and experiences of lifestyle modification as part of self‐management from a patient perspective.DesignParticipants were ≥18 years and English speaking who responded to a free‐text open‐ended question in the Health Outcomes and Lifestyle In a Sample of pwMS (HOLISM), an international online survey. Responses were analysed utilizing inductive thematic analysis.ResultsUnder the exploration of lifestyle modification, themes describing the experiences and attitudes of participants included practical challenges and physical and psychological barriers, enablers of change and experienced outcomes. Although participants reported some practical and psychological challenges to adoption and maintenance of lifestyle behaviours, many expressed an ability to gain control of MS through engagement with lifestyle behaviours and the development of hope and optimism that accompanied this sense of control, at times leading to a sense of personal transformation.ConclusionFindings highlight the challenges experienced by pwMS in adopting lifestyle modifications for disease management as well as the positive benefits from following healthy lifestyle behaviours. Our findings may form the basis of more focussed qualitative explorations of the experiences and outcomes of lifestyle modification in MS in the future.Patient ContributionConsenting pwMS completed a survey capturing data on demographics, clinical course, lifestyle behaviours and health outcomes.
Functional yeast starter cultures for cocoa fermentation
Authors: Díaz-Muñoz Cristian , De Vuyst Luc 
Published: October 2021

Summary
The quest to develop a performant starter culture mixture to be applied in cocoa fermentation processes started in the 20th century, aiming at achieving high-quality, reproducible chocolates with improved organoleptic properties. Since then, different yeasts have been proposed as candidate starter cultures, as this microbial group plays a key role during fermentation of the cocoa pulp-bean mass. Yeast starter culture-initiated fermentation trials have been performed worldwide through the equatorial zone and the effects of yeast inoculation have been analysed as a function of the cocoa variety (Forastero, Trinitario and hybrids) and fermentation method (farm-, small- and micro-scale) through the application of physicochemical, microbiological and chemical techniques. A thorough screening of candidate yeast starter culture strains is sometimes done to obtain the best performing strains to steer the cocoa fermentation process and/or to enhance specific features, such as pectinolysis, ethanol production, citrate assimilation and flavour production. Besides their effects during cocoa fermentation, a significant influence of the starter culture mixture applied is often found on the cocoa liquors and/or chocolates produced thereof. Thus, starter culture-initiated cocoa fermentation processes constitute a suitable strategy to elaborate improved flavourful chocolate products.
Enhanced disclosure of credit derivatives, information asymmetry and credit risk
Authors: Zhao Qiuhong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study examines the extent to which enhanced disclosure of credit derivatives [Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued FASB Staff Position (FSP) Financial Accounting Standards (FAS) No. 133‐1] reduces information asymmetry and credit derivative sellers who experience a decrease in information asymmetry. I find that bid‐ask spread for credit derivative sellers with positive net protection is reduced in the post‐period, whereas that of sellers with negative net protection and the control groups is not. These results are consistent with the conjecture that market participants use enhanced disclosure to confirm or correct previous expectations about sellers’ credit risk. In addition, results in high versus low institutional groups suggest that bid‐ask spreads reduce in both groups but reduce more in the high institutional group in the post‐period, possibly due to information environment differences. Finally, I investigate the information content of two credit derivative exposure measures: maximum payment amount and fair value. Consistent with McAnally (1996), I find that the maximum payment amount is credit risk‐relevant. Thus, enhanced disclosure facilitates monitoring risk concentration and evaluating credit risk, thereby contributing to the stabilization of capital markets prior to regulation of the credit default swap (CDS) market.
Analysis of association between MALAT1 haplotype and the severity of normal‐tension glaucoma (NTG)
Authors: Yue Jin‐liang , Zheng Shu‐feng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMALAT1, which is disorderly expressed in the growth, invasion, migration and cancer cell apoptosis, was shown to be associated with normal‐tension glaucoma (NTG), a type of optic neuropathy. The haplotype in MALAT1 affects its expression and is correlated with human diseases like normal‐tension glaucoma (NTG). However, the underlying detailed mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to analyse the association between MALAT1 haplotype and the severity of NTG in a molecular level. Quantitative real‐time PCR, ELISA and luciferase assays were performed to establish the underlying signalling pathways. RNFL thickness, RA and C/D ratio were calculated for NTG patients. Accordingly, GGGT haplotype was demonstrated to be associated with a decreased risk of NTG. The MALAT1 level in serum of NTG patients carrying GGGT haplotype was significantly decreased compared with NTG patients carrying other haplotypes, along with elevated miR‐1 expression and diminished IL‐6 expression. NTG patients carrying GGGT haplotype had thicker RNFL and RA, but a smaller C/D ratio. Sequence analysis found potential target sites of miR‐1 on MALAT1 and IL‐6, and luciferase assay confirmed the inhibitory effect of miR‐1 on MALAT1 and IL‐6 expression. Meanwhile, MALAT1 also down‐regulated miR‐1 expression and consequently up‐regulated IL‐6 expression. This study presented evidence for a regulatory network containing MALAT1, miR‐1 and IL‐6, and further demonstrated the effect of MALAT1 haplotype on the risk and severity of NTG.
Associations between metabolic biomarkers and localized stage II/III periodontitis in young adults: The CHIEF Oral Health study
Authors: Tsai Kun‐Zhe , Su Fang‐Ying , Cheng Wan‐Chien , Huang Ren‐Yeong , Lin Yen‐Po , Lin Gen‐Min 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimTo investigate the associations between metabolic risk factors and periodontitis in young adults.Materials and methodsThe study included 1123 participants, aged 19–40 years, in Taiwan. Metabolic syndrome components were defined by the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Localized periodontitis was graded to healthy (n = 828) and stage II/III (n = 295) according to the 2017 criteria of the World Workshop. Multiple logistic regression analysis with adjustment for sex, age, betel nut consumption, and smoking were used to determine the associations.ResultsGreater waist circumference, serum triglycerides, and serum uric acid were associated with higher localized stage II/III periodontitis risk [odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04 (1.02–1.05), 1.004 (1.002–1.006), and 1.10 (1.00–1.21), respectively]. There were no associations for total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein, and blood pressure. There was a non‐linear association between fasting glucose and localized stage II/III periodontitis, where the turning point was 105 mg/dl [OR: 0.97 (0.95–0.99) and 1.06 (1.00–1.13) when the levels were <105 and ≥105 mg/dl, respectively].ConclusionsThe risks of localized stage II/III periodontitis vary with metabolic components, in which waist circumference, serum triglycerides, and serum uric acid are the risk factors, whereas plasma glucose shows a non‐linear relationship in young adults.
Effect of Schneiderian membrane integrity on bone formation in sinus augmentation: An experimental study in rabbits
Authors: Paik Jeong‐Won , Cha Jae‐Kook , Song Young Woo , Thoma Daniel S. , Jung Ronald E. , Jung Ui‐Won 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimTo assess the effect of Schneiderian membrane (SM) perforation on bone formation by applying a particulate deproteinized bovine bone mineral (PBBM).Materials and methodsBilateral sinus augmentation was performed in eight rabbits. The same amount of PBBM was placed at a sinus where the SM was intentionally perforated for the perforation group (standardized to 3 mm diameter) and the other sinus with an intact SM that served as the intact group. At 12 weeks, all animals were euthanized for radiographic and histomorphometric analyses.ResultsThe area of the newly formed bone in the perforation group was significantly less than that in the intact group (18.7% and 25.5%, respectively, p = .028). The newly formed bone in the area close to the perforated SM was significantly less than that in the intact group (18.7% and 26.1%, respectively, p < .05). However, there was no significant difference in the total augmented area (p = .234) and the total augmented volume (p = .382) between the two groups.ConclusionSM perforation had an adverse effect on new bone formation, predominantly close to the area of membrane perforation. However, no significant difference was found in the total augmented volume between the SM perforation and the intact groups.
Solar dryer performance simulation: Experimental and numerical study
Authors: Mehdipour Ramin , Ghaffari Ali 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this study, effect of solar irradiation and suction head on an indirect cabinet solar dryer performance is investigated experimentally and numerically. In this regard, a specific experimental apparatus consisting a collector, heaters and adjustable chimney is fabricated to measure the air flow velocity and temperature at collector outlet in various irradiance (300, 400, 500, 600, 800, and 1,000 W/m2) and chimney height (1.85, 2.05, 2.25, and 2.55 m). In addition to the above abilities of experimental setup, more accurate thermal and hydraulic results are achieved. The obtained results are useful to the field since there are many defects in available simulations of collector. Some of the defects concerns incomplete prediction of thermal losses to the environment, ignoring secondary flows and vortices formed by velocity increment through the collector, etc. In the present study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used for modeling the drying chamber utilizing the pressure jump method and simulating the mass transfer phenomenon by a heat source. The results for the studied case (grape as to‐be‐dried product) as an example, show that the solar irradiation augmentation leads to the temperature and velocity increment while the suction head increment leads to an increasing‐decreasing behavior for the temperature. It is also demonstrated that by increasing the solar irradiation from 300 to 1,000 W/m2, the thermal efficiency of the collector and drying chamber increase from 42.92% to 64.31% and 10.08% to 15.15% respectively and the drying time of grapes reduces from 216 hr to 143 hr.Practical ApplicationsThe present study experimentally and numerically investigates a solar dryer for the specific application of grape drying although it can be applied for drying a wide types of fruits. The experimental part of the accomplished research is similar with solar chimney in a way that the present experimental results can be used for solar chimneys too. Based on the obtained results, the drying time as well as the air flow has been improved by applying the suggested drying method.
Association between sleep characteristics, ideal cardiovascular health, and systemic inflammation, NHANES 2017–2018
Authors: Cash Rebecca E. , Crowe Remle P. , Goldberg Scott A. , Patrick Casey , Wells‐Whitworth L. Michael , Barger Laura K. , Camargo Carlos A. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryThere is conflicting evidence regarding the associations between sleep deprivation and inflammatory biomarkers indicative of cardiovascular disease risk, such as high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP). The association between sleep habits and hsCRP was quantified in a nationally representative sample of adults in the United States and mediation by ideal cardiovascular health metrics was explored. A cross‐sectional analysis of cardiovascular disease‐free participants aged 20–79 years from the 2017–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was conducted. The primary exposures were self‐reported sleep duration, sleep debt (difference between the average weekday and weekend sleep duration), and ideal cardiovascular health (11–14 points). The primary outcome was hsCRP (high‐risk ≥ 3.0 mg/L). Multivariable robust Poisson models were used to estimate prevalence ratios after multiple imputation. A subgroup analysis of shift workers was also conducted. Of 4027 participants included (mean age 46 years; 52% female; 41% shift workers), the prevalence of sleeping <6 h on weekdays was 9%, with 40% sleeping ≥9 h on weekends. One‐quarter had a high (≥2 h) sleep debt, 82% had poor cardiovascular health, and 34% had high‐risk hsCRP. There were no significant associations between weekday sleep duration or sleep debt with high‐risk hsCRP, even among shift workers. Mediation analysis was not conducted. Ideal cardiovascular health was associated with a lower prevalence of high‐risk hsCRP (prevalence ratios, 0.60, 95% CI, 0.48–0.75). The lack of significant associations suggests a complex interrelationship of hsCRP with factors beyond sleep duration. Examination of populations at highest risk of chronic sleep deprivation could help to elucidate the association with systemic inflammation‐related outcomes.
Evaluation of a flash glucose monitoring system in nondiabetic dogs with rapidly changing blood glucose concentrations
Authors: Howard Leigh A. , Lidbury Jonathan A. , Jeffery Nicholas , Washburn Shannon E. , Patterson Carly A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundA flash glucose monitoring system (FGMS; FreeStyle Libre) is useful for monitoring hypoglycemic dogs with diabetes.ObjectiveTo assess the utility of this FGMS in dogs with induced hypoglycemia and rapid fluctuations in blood glucose (BG) concentrations.AnimalsTwenty‐four apparently healthy research (n = 10) and teaching (n = 14) dogs.MethodsProspective, observational study performed in tandem with a teaching laboratory. Regular insulin was administered to dogs and resulting hypoglycemia was corrected. Before insulin administration and every 10 minutes over a 90‐minute period, serial measurements of interstitial glucose (IG) with FGMS and BG with a portable blood glucose meter (PBGM) and clinical chemistry analyzer concentrations were made. Portable blood glucose meter and FGMS readings were compared to that of the clinical chemistry analyzer. Analytical and clinical accuracy were assessed using ISO 15197:2013 criteria, including Parkes error grid analysis.ResultsThe proportions of readings in the low BG range (BG <100 mg/dL) for which the test method measurement was within ±15 mg/dL of the reference BG for the PBGM and FGMS were 81.7% (161/197) and 39.1% (72/184), respectively. The proportions of readings for the PBGM and FGMS, which were not likely to affect clinical outcome according to Parkes error grid analysis, were 97.9% (233/238) and 80.1% (177/221), respectively.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceIn this model, there was limited agreement between the FGMS and reference standard BG measurements. The FGMS (measuring IG concentrations) was compared to peripheral BG concentrations, not brain‐tissue glucose concentrations, and failed to reliably detect hypoglycemia.
Chondroblastoma in the Children Treated with Intralesional Curettage and Bone Grafting: Outcomes and Risk Factors for Local Recurrence
Authors: Huang Cong , Lü Xue‐min , Fu Gang , Yang Zheng 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveTo review the outcomes of surgical management in the pediatric patients with extremity chondroblastoma. Especially the risk factors of recurrence and growth disorder. And discuss a potential method to decrease the rate of growth disorder by preventing the premature physeal closure.MethodsFifteen girls and twenty‐seven boys aged from two to 14 years (mean, 11 years) with histologically proven chondroblastoma, who presented from January 2011 to June 2018 at our Hospital, were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical data, radiographic images, histological findings, treatment, functional outcomes, and local recurrence rate were analyzed. Surgical treatment included complete curettage of the tumor and the walls of the lesion followed by bone grafting, No adjuvant methods were used. Recurrence was defined as a return of symptoms and an expansion radiolucency at the operated site. It was confirmed by the histopathological analysis. When recurrence was diagnosed, the medical data were analyzed to detect the effect of different factors on local recurrence. Functional outcome was measured according to Sailhan's functional criteria, designed to provide a standardized method of assessing pediatric chondroblastoma patient postoperatively.ResultsThe proximal part of the femur was the most frequently involved site. All the patients had at least 24 months of follow‐up; mean duration was 30 months (range, 24–60 months). The local recurrence rate was 9.5%. Three resolved after repeat surgeries without further recurrence, one had a second recurrence and received another more aggressive curettage. Local recurrence of chondroblastoma was associated with age (P < 0.05), while not associated with sex, tumor location, the radiological character of the lesion or the grafting method (P > 0.05). No pulmonary metastasis was noted at latest follow‐up. Five patients suffered from premature closure of physis due to physis injury. Thirty‐one patients (73.8%) had a good outcome, and all returned to normal unrestricted activities. Six patients (14.3%) had a fair outcome due to occasional pain, asymmetric range of motion, or radiographic joint changes without arthritis. And five patients (11.9%) had a poor outcome because of chronic pain, loss of joint motion impairing normal life activities, or a limb‐length discrepancy and limp.ConclusionsAggressive curettage and bone grafting resulted in local control and good outcomes in most pediatric patients. Being less than 12 years of age was the risk factor for recurrence. For those growing patients, premature physeal closure was observed after the curettage, interpositional technique with PMMA would be a good choice for prevention.
Cytosolic proline is required for basal freezing tolerance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Hoermiller Imke I. , Funck Dietmar , Schönewolf Lilli , May Henrik , Heyer Arnd G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe amino acid proline accumulates in many plant species under abiotic stress conditions, and various protective functions have been proposed. During cold stress, however, proline content in Arabidopsis thaliana does not correlate with freezing tolerance. Freezing sensitivity of a starchless plastidic phosphoglucomutase mutant (pgm) indicated that localization of proline in the cytosol might stabilize the plasma membrane during freeze–thaw events. Here, we show that re‐allocation of proline from cytosol to vacuole was similar in the pyrroline‐5‐carboxylate synthase 2–1 (p5cs2–1) mutant and the pgm mutant and caused similar reduction of basal freezing tolerance. In contrast, the starch excess 1–1 mutant (sex1‐1) had even lower freezing tolerance than pgm but did not affect sub‐cellular localization of proline. Freezing sensitivity of sex1‐1 mutants affected primarily the photosynthetic electron transport and was enhanced in a sex1‐1::p5cs2–1 double mutant. These findings indicate that several independent factors determine basal freezing tolerance. In a pgm::p5cs2–1 double mutant, freezing sensitivity and proline allocation to the vacuole were the same as in the parental lines, indicating that the lack of cytosolic proline was the common cause of reduced basal freezing tolerance in both mutants. We conclude that cytosolic proline is an important factor in freezing tolerance of non‐acclimated plants.