bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cold milling machine productivity analysis for determining operator efficiency values in road maintenance projects
Authors: Choiriyah S , Agusdini T M C , Prasetyo G A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In construction work uses various types of heavy equipment to make road construction and maintenance, one of which is Cold Milling Machine. The use of cold milling machine is influenced by the operator efficiency factor in its operation and will have an impact on the productivity of the machine. The purpose of this study was to determine the productivity ratio between old and new operators and the number of efficiency factors for cold milling machine operators. The variable reviewed is the result of excavation from the cold milling machine operated by the operator. The research method used is direct observation in the field then the data is processed using t-test analysis. The results of this study are there are differences in skills between operator A and operator B based on the results of the t value (2.846> 1.812) greater than t table. The result of the calculation of the efficiency factor of cold milling machine operators is that by using a comparison of theoretical and actual productivity, it gets a very good category with a value of 0.84 for old operators and for new operators obtains a value of 0.48 which is categorized as less.
The development of software for calculating green open space adequacy to absorb CO2 in Bangkalan city
Authors: Pissera Rosa Canina , Yulfiah  
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Bangkalan Regency, located at the west of Madura Island covering the area 1,260.14 Km2, has developed tremendously in some recent years, particularly in the post-development of Suramadu Bridge. To anticipate detrimental effects on the environment due to Bangkalan Regency improvement, the researchers developed software for calculating total CO2 emissions of vehicles that could be absorbed by Green Open Space (GOS) in this city. The software was developed through Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) based on the results of empirical study upon emission load and total trees calculation required for absorbing emission residue of vehicles. The software yielded from this research was successfully developed as indicated by the appropriateness of results between manual calculation and software one.
The application of the Six Sigma method in reducing the defects of welding on the steel material
Authors: Dagmar Agin Viakri , Husada Tarigan Zeplin Jiwa 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Quality control is an essential factor in producing products that are following what consumers want. The high quality of the product significantly affects the efficiency of costs incurred during the production process. This study aims to determine the types of defects and their causing factors as well as actions taken to reduce the number of defects to increase the efficiency of production costs. The measurement results obtained the number of productions of 12499 pcs with the number of defects of 2712 pcs of 21.6% with a sigma level of 3.1100 DPMO. Identification of defects in welding is porosity defects of 724 pcs, undercut defect of 613 pcs, slag defect of 435 pcs, crack defect of 491 pcs, and spatter defect of 449 pcs. The actions taken are periodic maintenance and repair of welding machines and connectors, supervising the condition and cleanliness of the material, providing periodic directions to welding operators by explaining reasonable welding procedures and arranging a welding field development program for welding operators through a job training program. Improvements have been implemented and found a reduction of defects up to 15% and a reduction of 6.6%.
Axial Ratio Improvement of Spiral Antenna with Resistive Loading
Authors: Singh Moirangthem Edison , Naik Bhaskar S 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Spiral antenna belongs to the class of frequency independent antenna. It radiates circularly polarized wave bidirectionally. Due to the finite size of the antenna, the performance at the lower frequency degrades. This could be accounted to the reflection of the current from the truncation. Wide band characteristics from 300MHz to 3.5GHz are able to achieve through the partial resistive loading of the antenna. The lower frequency 3dB axial ratio has been improved significantly from 600MHz for the unloaded case to 200MHz for the loaded case without much effect on the efficiency. At 300MHz, the efficiency is around 60% and axial ratio at within 3dB range.
Hydrological significance of Himalayan surface water and its management considering anthropogenic and climate change aspects
Authors: Lepcha Pema Tshering , Pandey Pankaj Kumar , Ranjan Prem 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Water plays a key role in maintaining different ecosystem services. The anthropogenic and climate change impacts studies on Himalayan water resources has been trending in recent years. The Indian Himalayan region cover several states like Jammu & Kashmir, Ladakh (Union territory), Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh and the hilly regions of Assam and West Bengal. Water resources in this region are the life support for humankind and rich biodiversity. Researchers has reported that the warming in the Himalayas is more than the global average, thereby climate change can affect significantly in the mountainous water resources so as the snow and glacial melt is the main lifeline of the perennial rivers’ flow. Almost every year, the heavy monsoon rainfall brings floods on the upstream highlands and then the downstream plains causing enormous human suffering, loss of property, loss of life, agricultural crops damage as well as increased economic losses. The main challenges being associated to the frequency and magnitude of extreme weather events like monsoon rainfall which leads to flash floods, landslides and debris flow; and then the drought during dry season also, has had huge impacts on regional water security. Human actions like economic development and population growth have also brought changes in land cover/use to Himalayan watersheds recently. As a result of farming, grazing, tree planting, urbanization, etc., the changes in land cover have altered the water balance and transformed the water-flow paths in the global hydrological cycle. In contrast to freshwater ecosystems, demand is high, but their supply is limited, also depend on the specific flow pattern of rivers. Although, with interference of various infrastructure development upstream results in changes in flow pattern downstream causing non-availability of water to support aquatic life and communities that depend on for livelihoods. Initiation of monitoring and observation system for water resources and use of appropriate hydrological model are preferable to better understand the hydrological processes of the Himalayas.
A Survey on Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) Reliability Research
Authors: Roy Om Prakash , Kumar Vinod 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
VoIP technology deals with the real-time data communication for voice transfer in the form of digital packets through internet communication and facilitates public to make use of internet for video and phone calls. The voice data packets are transferred from source to the destination and vice versa. VoIP require high speed internet connection for data transfer on data network. It is necessary to arrive the data packet from its source to the destination with high level of reliability. It is very important to analyse link failure, packet loss, delay and jitter during the data communication. Components involved in data communication should be reliable. This paper provides a survey for step wise development and use of reliability techniques for gaining high quality of voice in VoIP network.
Security and Challenges in Voice over Internet Protocols: A Survey
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Roy Om Prakash 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) an emerging new technologies is based on realtime communication of data by sending and receiving digital signals using Internet Protocols (IP). VoIP has become popular in business organization and scientific communities. Voice coder (Codec) named as coder and decoder, play an important role in packet switch network for transfer of audio and video data. A signalling protocol known as Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is used for data communication between nodes in VoIP network. In this paper we survey on security related issues in VoIP communication system and covered several security attacks. We proceed with survey on all the problems that have big effects on VoIP security and challenges such as data manipulation, substitution attack, power backups, jitter, latency and delay. Finally, we conclude the paper with further research on security of VoIP communication system.
Molecular Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria as a predominant probiotic microorganism found in indigenous fermented pig fat of Assam, India
Authors: Yukhaibam Ranjita , Lhouvum Kimjolly 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The study was focused on identifying probiotic bacteria from traditionally fermented pig fat (Sathu) procured from Karbi Anglong Assam. Two types of bacteria were isolated (KJc8_C8 and KJR2_C9) from the food sample. The isolates were morphologically found to be cocci and rod-shaped. The isolated strains showed resistance to inhibitory compound such as NaCl (1-10%), Bile salt (0.1-1%) that exhibit better growth in acidic condition which were the important characteristics for bacteria to be probiotic. In addition the isolates showed positive results in metabolizing different carbohydrates sources. Molecular identification using 16SrDNA gene sequencing confirmed the presence of probiotic bacteria namely Bacillus and Lactobacillus species. The experimental results further indicated the absence of any other spoilage bacteria in the food sample which predominated only Lactobacillus and Bacillus species. This strongly supports the food product as a potential probiotic. Further studies of the food product will be a milestone for economic growth of the society beyond its nutritional effects.
RETRACTED: Analytical study on COVID-19 to predict future infected cases ratio in India using Machine Leaning
Authors: Patel Hiral R. , Patel Hiral A. , Patel Ajay M. , Parikh Satyen M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
COVID-19 is real a worldwide terrific problem. This paper focuses on the different aspects of data analytics and visualization by using various datasets supported by authorized sources. It also discusses the practical aspects using open source tools and python library support. Here chapter focuses on comparative analysis also. It also visualize analytical aspects by different aspects such as country wise, date wise and so on. In this paper, the COVID infected cases and its reaction on people will be discussed. This case study will predict the COVID-19 infected cases and death ratio with symptoms in future. This paper focus on data visualization, data analytics and comparative study based on practical aspects. Machine Learning plays a vital role to predict the cases by providing learning instances.
Doping effects on catechol functionalized anatase TiO2(101) surface for dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Luo Jin-Hua , Mo Yun-Fei , Li Ze-Sheng , Du Fu-You 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Doping effects of Al, Mg and Cr on the structural and photoelectric properties of catechol functionalized anatase TiO2(101) surface (CFAS) have been studied using density-functional theory. The results indicate that the adsorption processes of CFAS and catechol functionalized doped anatase TiO2(101) surfaces (CFDAS) are all exothermic and these adsorption systems are quite stable. The relative lower formation energy of Al-doped TiO2 means that it is energetically favorable structure under Ti-rich conditions. For band structure of catechol-Cr-doped-TiO2, the electron transition energy will be reduced, and visible light absorption will be extended on account of the decreased band gap and widespread impurity states. The positive Fermi energy shift of Cr-doped TiO2 suggests that it is beneficial to increase the open circuit voltage compared with pure TiO2 under the same conditions. When catechol as a model organic sensitizer functionalizing the pure and Al, Mg and Cr doped TiO2 (101) surfaces, a positive shift of the Fermi energies is observed in comparison with those materials without catechol functionalization. Compared with the optical properties of CFDAS, Cr doping has a greater effect on the optical properties of anatase TiO2 (101) surface than that of Al or Mg doping. The results show that Cr doped anatase TiO2 (101) surface is a better photoanode material and can be applied in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells.
Regen Fat Code: A Standardized Protocol for Facial Volumetry and Rejuvenation
Authors: Charles-de-Sá Luiz , Gontijo-de-Amorim Natale Ferreira , Coleman Sydney , Rigotti Gino 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Facial aging is a degenerative process that impairs contour and angle prominence. Rejuvenation is based on tissue replacement, volumization of the atrophic areas, and improving flaccidity and cutaneous photoaging.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to apply structural fat grafting to manage volumetric deficits of the face, following a new systematic protocol called “Regen Fat Code” (RF Code) that was created to standardize structural lipotransfer methods.

Methods
This is a prospective clinical trial involving 80 healthy candidates for facial rejuvenation who were split into 2 groups. Group A underwent only structural lipotransfer; Group B underwent replacement of deep facial structures by face-lifting plus structural lipotransfer. Structural lipotransfer followed the protocol “RF Code” and 3 clinical tools were adopted for pre- and postoperative facial volumetric analysis.

Results
Total volume (mL) of lipotransfer in Groups A and B ranged between 1 and 20 mL (mean [standard deviation], 12 [5] mL), distributed to the different areas as follows: nasolabial fold, 3.32 [0.92] mL; superior lip, 2.0 [0.62] mL; inferior lip, 2.76 [0.71] mL; malar, 8.51 [5.25] mL; inferior eyelid, 1.2 [0.54] mL; and chin, 7.18 [1.99] mL. Areas with less mobility showed a lower absorption index than dynamic areas.

Conclusions
The development of the RF Code protocol demonstrated the potential of grouping many parameters based on the lipotransfer method used to volumize and regenerate atrophic areas of the face. The protocol is easy to apply, and allows different volumizing and regenerative effects to be proposed, according to the demands of each surgical area.

Level of Evidence: 4
Off-flavors generated during long-term ambient storage of pasteurized drinking yogurt from skim milk
Authors: Miyaji Kazuhiro , Kuwano Yasuyuki , Murakami Yusuke , Hirata Shunsuke , Imayoshi Yuriko , Maruyama Hiroshi , Koizumi Reiko , Inoue Hajime , Azuma Norihiro 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Few studies have examined sensory quality changes during the storage of pasteurized drinking yogurt (PDY), and the cause of off-flavor development is unclear. Off-flavors generated during 90-d ambient storage (25 °C) of PDY from reconstituted skim milk were investigated by sensory evaluation, volatile component analysis with gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, and gas chromatography-olfactometry. Rancid off-flavor was induced by increased fatty acid concentration due to fat decomposition by heat-stable lipase. Masking of off-flavors was inhibited by degradation of diacetyl, which originally contributed to yogurt-like flavors. Maillard reaction particular to ambient storage of PDY resulted in changes in the furaneol and sotolon levels, which may be involved in enhancement of off-flavors. Finally, our findings indicated that production of 4-vinylguaiacol may be involved in off-flavor development. The results of this study will contribute to the development of PDY with a longer shelf life and superior flavor.
Nested complex crime: Assessing the convergence of wildlife trafficking, organized crime and loose criminal networks
Authors: Moreto William D , Van Uhm Daan P 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWildlife trafficking is considered to be an example of a transnational organized crime by policymakers and enforcement agencies. Empirically, however, there is mixed support for this. Recently, there has been increased attention on the convergence of different illegal activities in an effort to share resources, personnel and transport routes. The present study attempts to qualitatively examine the intersection of wildlife trafficking and organized crime from a crime mutualism framework in order to explore how these criminal activities and entities converge. Based on fieldwork conducted in Uganda and China, we find that while organized crime appears to have a presence in illegal wildlife markets, such involvement appears to be more relevant during specific stages. Furthermore, it appears that illegal wildlife markets in both case studies reflect both loose, informal criminal networks and more organized crime groups. These findings have implications for the criminological study of and the response to complex wildlife crime.
Risk prediction model for early outcomes of revascularization for chronic limb-threatening ischaemia
Authors: Miyata T , Mii S , Kumamaru H , Takahashi A , Miyata H ,   the Japanese Society for Vascular Surgery JAPAN Critical Limb Ischemia Database (JCLIMB) Committee, Shigematsu K , Azuma N , Ishida A , Izumi Y , Inoue Y , Uchida H , Ohki T , Kuma S , Kurosawa K , Kodama A , Komai H , Komori K , Shibuya T , Shindo S , Sugimoto I , Deguchi J , Hoshina K , Maeda H , Midorikawa H , Yamaoka T , Yamashita H , Yunoki Y 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundQuantifying the risks and benefits of revascularization for chronic limb-threatening ischaemia (CLTI) is important. The aim of this study was to create a risk prediction model for treatment outcomes 30 days after revascularization in patients with CLTI.MethodsConsecutive patients with CLTI who had undergone revascularization between 2013 and 2016 were collected from the JAPAN Critical Limb Ischemia Database (JCLIMB). The cohort was divided into a development and a validation cohort. In the development cohort, multivariable risk models were constructed to predict major amputation and/or death and major adverse limb events using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression. This developed model was applied to the validation cohort and its performance was evaluated using c-statistic and calibration plots.ResultsSome 2906 patients were included in the analysis. The major amputation and/or mortality rate within 30 days of arterial reconstruction was 5.0 per cent (144 of 2906), and strong predictors were abnormal white blood cell count, emergency procedure, congestive heart failure, body temperature of 38°C or above, and hemodialysis. Conversely, moderate, low or no risk in the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and ambulatory status were associated with improved results. The c-statistic value was 0.82 with high prediction accuracy. The rate of major adverse limb events was 6.4 per cent (185 of 2906), and strong predictors were abnormal white blood cell count and body temperature of 38°C or above. Moderate, low or no risk in the GNRI, and age greater than 84 years were associated with improved results. The c-statistic value was 0.79, with high prediction accuracy.ConclusionThis risk prediction model can help in deciding on the treatment strategy in patients with CLTI and serve as an index for evaluating the quality of each medical facility.
Long-term Safety and Efficacy of Etrasimod for Ulcerative Colitis: Results from the Open-label Extension of the OASIS Study
Authors: Vermeire Séverine , Chiorean Michael , Panés Julián , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent , Zhang Jinkun , Sands Bruce E , Lazin Krisztina , Klassen Preston , Naik Snehal U , Cabell Christopher H , Sandborn William J 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Etrasimod is an oral, selective, sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator. In a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in adults with moderately-to-severely active ulcerative colitis [OASIS], etrasimod 2 mg provided significant benefit versus placebo and was generally well tolerated. This open-label extension [OLE] evaluated safety and efficacy of etrasimod for up to 52 weeks.

Methods
In OASIS, 156 patients received etrasimod 1 mg, etrasimod 2 mg, or placebo, once daily for 12 weeks. After completing OASIS, patients could enrol in the OLE and receive etrasimod 2 mg for an additional 34–40 weeks.

Results
In all, 118 patients enrolled in the OLE; 112 patients received etrasimod 2 mg at any point and were evaluated for safety and efficacy. A total of 92 [82%] patients who received etrasimod 2 mg in the OLE completed the study. Treatment-emergent adverse events occurred in 60% [67/112] of patients receiving etrasimod 2 mg at any time, most commonly worsening ulcerative colitis and anaemia; 94% of adverse events were mild/moderate. At end of treatment, 64% of patients met the criteria for clinical response, 33% for clinical remission, and 43% for endoscopic improvement. Week 12 clinical response, clinical remission, or endoscopic improvement was maintained to end of treatment in 85%, 60%, or 69% of patients, respectively. Steroid-free clinical remission occurred in 22% of overall patients.

Conclusions
In this long-term extension study, etrasimod 2 mg demonstrated a favourable safety profile. Most patients with clinical response, clinical remission, or endoscopic improvement at Week 12 maintained that status to end of treatment.
THE P-3 AND EST LOCI IN THE HONEYBEE APIS MELLIFERA
Authors: Mestriner Moacyr Antonio , Contel Eucleia Primo Betioli 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Data for Apis mellifera indicate that the P-3 proteins and one esterase enzyme are controlled by two genes, P-3 and Est, with two alleles each. The frequency of the P-3 alleles is different in the two subspecies (adansonii and ligustica), that for P-3F in Italian bees being 46.9% and in African 0.5%. The frequency of EstF is 2.8% in both populations.
The Est locus has two codominant alleles and the locus P-3 has two incompletely dominant alleles; the heterozygote P-3S/P-3F shows only an intermediate band. The two loci are not genetically linked.
The challenges of donor engagement with faith-based organizations in Cameroon’s health sector: a qualitative study
Authors: van Wees Sibylle Herzig , Jennings Michael 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Substantial global advocacy efforts have been made over the past decade to encourage partnerships and funding of faith-based organizations in international development programmes in efforts to improve social and health outcomes. Whilst there is a wealth of knowledge on religion and development, including its controversies, less attention has been payed to the role that donors might play. The aim of this study was to describe and analyse the engagement between donors and faith-based organizations in Cameroon’s health sector, following the implementation of the Cameroon Health Sector Partnership Strategy (2012). Forty-six in-depth interviews were conducted in selected regions in Cameroon. The findings show that global advocacy efforts to increase partnerships with faith-based organizations have created a space for increasing donor engagement of faith-based organizations following the implementation of the strategy. However, the policy was perceived as top down as it did not take into account some of the existing challenges. The policy arguably accentuated some of the existing tensions between the government and faith-based organizations, fed faith-controversies and complicated the health system landscape. Moreover, it provided donors with a framework for haphazard engagement with faith-based organizations. As such, putting the implications of donor engagement with FBOs on the research map acknowledges the limitations of efforts to collaborate with faith-based organizations and brings to the surface still-remaining blinkers and limited assumptions in donor definitions of faith-based organizations and in ways of collaborating with them.