Defining the scope of the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance network in Veterinary medicine (EARS-Vet): a bottom-up and One Health approach
Authors: Mader Rodolphe ,   EU-JAMRAI, Demay Cindy , Jouvin-Marche Evelyne , Ploy Marie-Cécile , Barraud Olivier , Bernard Sadika , Lacotte Yohann , Pulcini Céline , Weinbach Jérôme , Berling Christine , Bouqueau Marielle , Hlava Anton , Habl Claudia , Kernstock Eva , Strauss Reinhild , Muchl Robert , Buhmann Vera , Versporten Ann , Ingenbleek Anne , Vandael Eline , Haelterman Greet , De Raedt Lieven , Hunjak Blazenka , Raickovic Bojana , Mackova Barbora , Niklova Eva , Žemličková Helena , Hrivňáková Lucia , Jindrak Vlastimil , Kristensen Brian , Lyndrup Mikkel , Skovgaard Sissel , Wolf Sönksen Ute , Aasmäe Birgit , Ruut Jüri , Linnik Ljudmila , Sadikova Olga , Märtin Pille , Zanuzdana Aryna , Kizilkaya-Güneser Gülay , Oezcelik Nadiya , Eckmanns Tim , Lambrou Ageliki , Kontopidou Flora , Papadaki Maria , Tsana Mariana , Maroulis Nikos , Vatopoulos Alkiviadis , Papadogiannakis Emmanouel , Kontarini Marietta , Gikas Achilleas , Magkanaraki Aimilia , Cozza Alessandra , Martinelli Domenico , Fortunato Francesca , Prato Rosa , Marella Anna Maria , Pantosti Annalisa , Prestinaci Francesca , Busani Luca , Pezzoti Patrizio , Creti Roberta , Martoccia Rosa Maria , Brusaferro Silvio , Vilde Aija , Jakovela Aiva , Langusa Elina , Grudule Liga , Grinsteine Madara , Dumpis Uga , Dambrauskiene Asta , Vitkauskiene Astra , Tirvaitė Daiva , Cemnalianskis Lukas , Kazenaite Edita , Lozoraitiene Ilma , Adomaitiene Ruta , Ambrazaitiene Ruta , Kiveryte Silvija , Maciulaityte Agniete , Kuklyte Jolanta , Petrene Justė , Valinteliene Rolanda , Kanapeckiene Virginija , Razmiene Asta , Kairiene Brigita , Aleksiene Giedre , Valinciute Ginreta , Petraitis Robertas , Elsemulder Arjen , Nakched Ashna , Claessen Jasper , Gui Lili , Kort Marcel de , Perán Rosa , Van Leeuwen Alieke , Smeets Elma , Mennen Marcel , Spruijt Pita , Westerhof Robbin , Skulberg Andreas , Bakka Eirik Rødseth , Miard Kadri , Henricsen Svein Høegh , Pellerud Anneli , Kallberg Cecilia , Årdal Christine , Eriksen Hanne-Merete , Kranstad Katrine , Molvik Mari , Kacelnik Oliver , Sollund Patrycja , Samuelsen Roar , Bakke Therese , Urdahl Anne Margrete , Norström Madelaine , Olczak-Pienkowska Anna , Skoczynska Anna , Żabicka Dorota , Bysiek Jarosław , Rekawek Joanna , Lebre Ana , FalcãO Eva , Scripcaru Gianina , Neves Isabel , Gomes Sérgio , Pereira Nuno , Malutan Andrei Mihai , Iuhas Cristian , Szakacs Loredana , Kissiedou-Bob Mara , Ciortea Razvan , Grilc Eva , Klavs Irena , Turk Katja , Šubelj Maja , Vrdelja Mitja , Serdt Mojca , Jemec Nina , Glavan Uroš , Simonović Zoran , Tamayo Ana Navarro , López Navas António , Muñoz Madero Cristina , Alonso Lebrero José Luis , Alonso Irujo Laura , Santacreu García María , Crespo Robledo Paloma , Oliva Gloria , Massanés Marta , Oliver Palomo Antonio , García Pineda Atanasio , Ferragut Elena , Rojo Estrella , Castaño Eusebi , Periañez Leonor , Torres Cantero Alberto Manuel , Jiménez Guillén Casimiro , Hukelova Hana , Alcaraz Manuel , Carlos María ángeles , López Acuña María del Pilar , Gil Setas Alberto , Ibarrola Segura Arantxa , Ezpeleta Carmen , Gahigiro Merino Claire , Portillo Bordonabe María Eugenia , Fragoso Marisol , Beristáin Rementería Xabier , Peñalva German , Cisneros José Miguel , Estevez Milena , Monteau Sophie , Del Rio Lucia , González De Suso María José , Gallego Berciano Pilar , Aranguren Oyarzábal Ainhoa , Alioto Daniele , Izquierdo Palomares José Manuel , Calvo Alcántara María José , González Pérez Raisa , Havarria Teresa , Hulth Anette , Carlin Karin , Edman Lotta , Grape Malin , Aspevall Olov , Haggar Axana , Lindal Elisabet , Burgos Andrea , Ottoson Jakob , Ostman Marica , Egervärn Mia , Nordenfelt Anna , Bengtsson Björn , Söderman Ingrid , Bjers Anders , JöNsson Jan-Ingvar , Starborg Maria , Laine Mikaela , Fagerstedt Patriq , Metcalfe Andrew , Soder Jenny , Lytsy Birgitta , Madec Jean Yves , Collineau Lucie , Mader Rodolphe , Berger-Carbonne Anne , Colomb-Cotinat Melanie , Bourély Clémence , Amat Jean-Philippe , Broens Els M , Busani Luca , Callens Bénédicte , Crespo-Robledo Paloma , Damborg Peter , Filippitzi Maria-Eleni , Fitzgerald William , Grönthal Thomas , Haenni Marisa , Heuvelink Annet , van Hout Jobke , Kaspar Heike , Muñoz Madero Cristina , Norström Madelaine , Pedersen Karl , Pokludova Lucie , Dal Pozzo Fabiana , Slowey Rosemarie , Urdahl Anne Margrete , Vatopoulos Alkiviadis , Zafeiridis Christos , Madec Jean-Yves 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Building the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance network in Veterinary medicine (EARS-Vet) was proposed to strengthen the European One Health antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance approach.

Objectives
To define the combinations of animal species/production types/age categories/bacterial species/specimens/antimicrobials to be monitored in EARS-Vet.

Methods
The EARS-Vet scope was defined by consensus between 26 European experts. Decisions were guided by a survey of the combinations that are relevant and feasible to monitor in diseased animals in 13 European countries (bottom-up approach). Experts also considered the One Health approach and the need for EARS-Vet to complement existing European AMR monitoring systems coordinated by the ECDC and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).

Results
EARS-Vet plans to monitor AMR in six animal species [cattle, swine, chickens (broilers and laying hens), turkeys, cats and dogs], for 11 bacterial species (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Staphylococcus hyicus, Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Streptococcus suis). Relevant antimicrobials for their treatment were selected (e.g. tetracyclines) and complemented with antimicrobials of more specific public health interest (e.g. carbapenems). Molecular data detecting the presence of ESBLs, AmpC cephalosporinases and methicillin resistance shall be collected too.

Conclusions
A preliminary EARS-Vet scope was defined, with the potential to fill important AMR monitoring gaps in the animal sector in Europe. It should be reviewed and expanded as the epidemiology of AMR changes, more countries participate and national monitoring capacities improve.