bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gestión estratégica de Instagram en los partidos españoles. El avance de la política espectáculo en el proceso independentista de Cataluña
Authors: López-Rabadán Pablo , Domenech-Fabregat Hugo 
Published: February 2021

En los últimos años Instagram se ha de­sarrollado también como una innova­dora herramienta para la distribución de imágenes políticas. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la gestión estra­tégica que realizan los partidos en un contexto de crisis política. En concreto, se ha seleccionado como caso de estu­dio la fase más intensa del proceso in­dependentista en Cataluña. A partir de una propuesta metodológica propia, se han revisado nueve categorías de aná­lisis contenido asociadas a la especta­cularización de la política. Integran la muestra 291 imágenes publicadas por los 8 principales partidos del mapa polí­tico español. Los resultados muestran la normalización de su uso político, pero una gestión más regular y estratégica entre los partidos independentistas, y de mayor calidad técnica entre los con­trarios a la independencia. En el aspecto temático, el mensaje viene determinado por una orientación hacia temas profesionales, y un reparto del protagonismo entre líderes, cuadros del partido y la ciudadanía. Y, además, se detecta la aplicación inicial de recursos de base espectacular como la hibridación de es­pacios, la apelación emocional y la ex­perimentación con filtros y rótulos. Parties. The Advance of “Politics of Spectacle” in the Independence Process in CataloniaIn recent years, Instagram has also be­come an innovative tool for the distri­bution of political images. The objective of this article is to analyze the strategic management of the parties in a context of political crisis. Specifically, the most intense phase of the independence pro­cess in Catalonia has been selected as a case study. Based on our own methodo­logical proposal, nine categories of content analysis associated with the spectacularization of politics have been reviewed. The sample includes 291 images published by the 8 main par­ties of the Spanish political spectrum. The results show the normalization of its political use, but a more regular and strategic management among the pro-independence parties, and of greater technical quality among those opposed to independence. On a thematic level, the message is determined by an orien­tation towards professional issues, and a distribution of the leading role among leaders, party cadres and citizens. And, in addition, the initial application of spectacular-based resources such as space hybridization, emotional appeal and experimentation with filters and labels is detected. Palabras clave: comunicación política, medios sociales, Instagram, espectacularización, partidos políticos, España.Key words: political communication, social media, Instagram, spectacularization, political parties, Spain.
Development of Critical Reading Modules With a Reflective Approach in Grade VIII of Junior High School
Authors: Usman Usman , Nurhaliza Siti 
Published: February 2021

Research purpose to: (1) determine the level of need for the critical reading module of exposition text with reflective learning in grade VIII of junior high school; (2) produce a critical reading module for exposition text with reflective learning in grade VIII of junior high school that students can use to learn; (3) test the feasibility of the critical reading module of exposition text with reflective learning in grade VIII of junior high school. This research is a research and development designed with R2D2 (Recursive, Reflective Design and Development Model). The data in this study are qualitative and quantitative data from expert and practitioner tests. Qualitative data are sourced from comments, criticisms, and suggestions from expert and practitioner ratings of the module. Quantitative data is sourced from expert and practitioner assessments of module components. The data analysis technique of this research is qualitative data analysis and quantitative data analysis. This research and development resulted in the product of the Critical Text Exposition Reading Module with a ReflectiveApproach in Grade VIII of Junior High School which was assessed by experts and practitioners. The results of expert and practitioner assessments of the module indicate that the assessment in the category is very feasible. The critical reading module of exposition text with a reflective approach was declared very feasible to improve critical reading skills as well as providing knowledge about exposition text to students of grade VIII junior high school.
Wildfire smoke-plume rise: a simple energy balance parameterization
Authors: Moisseeva Nadya , Stull Roland 
Published: February 2021

Abstract. The buoyant rise and the resultant vertical distribution of wildfire smoke in the atmosphere have a strong influence on downwind pollutant concentrations at the surface. The amount of smoke injected vs. height is a key input into chemical transport models and smoke modelling frameworks. Due to scarcity of model evaluation data as well as the inherent complexity of wildfire plume dynamics, smoke injection height predictions have large uncertainties. In this work we use the coupled fire–atmosphere model WRF-SFIRE configured in large-eddy simulation (LES) mode to develop a synthetic plume dataset. Using this numerical data, we demonstrate that crosswind integrated smoke injection height for a fire of arbitrary shape and intensity can be modelled with a simple energy balance. We introduce two forms of updraft velocity scales that exhibit a linear dimensionless relationship with the plume vertical penetration distance through daytime convective boundary layers. Lastly, we use LES and prescribed burn data to constrain and evaluate the model. Our results suggest that the proposed simple parameterization of mean plume rise as a function of vertical velocity scale offers reasonable accuracy (30 m errors) at little computational cost.
Very long-period oscillations in the atmosphere (0–110 km)
Authors: Offermann Dirk , Kalicinsky Christoph , Koppmann Ralf , Wintel Johannes 
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Multi-annual oscillations have been observed in measured atmospheric data.
These oscillations are also present in general circulation models. This is
the case even if the model boundary conditions with respect to solar cycle,
sea surface temperature, and trace gas variability are kept constant. The
present analysis contains temperature oscillations with periods from below 5 up to more than 200 years in an altitude range from the Earth's surface to the
lower thermosphere (110 km). The periods are quite robust as they are found
to be the same in different model calculations and in atmospheric
measurements. The oscillations show vertical profiles with special
structures of amplitudes and phases. They form layers of high or low
amplitudes that are a few dozen kilometres wide. Within the layers the data are
correlated. Adjacent layers are anticorrelated. A vertical displacement
mechanism is indicated with displacement heights of a few 100 m.
Vertical profiles of amplitudes and phases of the various oscillation
periods as well as their displacement heights are surprisingly similar. The
oscillations are related to the thermal and dynamical structure of the
middle atmosphere. These results are from latitudes and longitudes in central
Europe.
First ice thickness measurements in Tierra del Fuego at Schiaparelli Glacier, Chile
Authors: Gacitúa Guisella , Schneider Christoph , Arigony Jorge , González Inti , Jaña Ricardo , Casassa Gino 
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Cordillera Darwin in Tierra del Fuego (Chile) remains one of the least studied glaciated regions in the world. However, this region being one of very few terrestrial sites at this latitude in the Southern Hemisphere has the potential to provide key information on the effect of climate variability and climate change on the cryosphere at sub-polar mid-latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere.
Schiaparelli Glacier is located at the northern side of the Cordillera Darwin draining the north side of Monte Sarmiento (2187 m a.s.l.). Despite being one of the largest glaciers in the Cordillera Darwin, no previous in situ observation of its ice thickness had been made either at this glacier or at any other location in the Cordillera Darwin. Ice thickness is one of the fundamental parameters to understand glacier dynamics, constrain ice dynamical modelling, and predict glacier evolution.
In April 2016 we performed the first successful ice thickness measurements using terrestrial ground-penetrating radar in the ablation area of Schiaparelli Glacier (Gacitúa et al., 2020, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.919331). The measurements were made along a transect line perpendicular to the ice flow. Results show a valley-shaped bedrock with a maximum ice thickness of 324 m within a distinct glacier trough. The bedrock is located below current sea level for 51 % of the transect measurements with a minimum of −158 m, which illustrates that the local topography is subject to considerable glacier-related over-deepening.
Direct U–Pb dating of carbonates from micron-scale femtosecond laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry images using robust regression
Authors: Hoareau Guilhem , Claverie Fanny , Pecheyran Christophe , Paroissin Christian , Grignard Pierre-Alexandre , Motte Geoffrey , Chailan Olivier , Girard Jean-Pierre 
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Uranium–lead (U–Pb) dating of carbonates by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) spot analysis is
an increasingly used method in the field of geosciences, as it brings very
strong constraints over the geological history of basins, faults or
reservoirs. Most ages currently published are based on the measurement of U
and Pb ratios on spot ablations, using nanosecond lasers coupled to
sector field or multi-collector ICP-MS. Here, we test a new strategy for the
U–Pb dating of carbonates from 2D isotopic ratio maps, based on the use of a
robust regression approach in the data reduction workflow. The isotopic
maps, with a minimum area of 0.65 mm2 (∼ 1000 pixels of 13×25 µm resolution), are obtained using a 257 nm femtosecond laser
ablation system at a high repetition rate (500 Hz) coupled to a high-resolution ICP-MS. The maps commonly show significant variations in isotope
ratios at the pixel scale, allowing the plotting of pixel U–Pb ratios in
concordia or isochron diagrams and the calculation of U–Pb ages. Due to the
absence of individual ratio uncertainties, the ages are calculated using
MM-robust linear regression rather than the more commonly used York-type
regression. The goodness of fit to the data is assessed by the calculation
of the residual standard error (RSE) of the regression and by the
calculation of a mean square of weight deviates (MSWD) on discretised data. Several examples are provided
that compare the ages calculated by robust regression with those obtained by
other techniques (e.g. isotope dilution, LA-ICP-MS spot analyses and the pixel-pooling
approach). For most samples, characterised by high U concentrations
(> 1 ppm), robust regression allows for the calculation of ages and
uncertainties similar to those obtained with the other approaches. However,
for samples with lower U concentrations (< 0.5 ppm), the ages
obtained are up to 10 % too young due to pixels with high U ∕ Pb acting as
leverage points for the regression. We conclude that the U–Pb ages
calculated by the regression method tested here, although
statistically robust, should be critically analysed before validation,
especially for samples with low U concentrations.
A revision of the Combined Drought Indicator (CDI) used in the European Drought Observatory (EDO)
Authors: Cammalleri Carmelo , Arias-Muñoz Carolina , Barbosa Paulo , de Jager Alfred , Magni Diego , Masante Dario , Mazzeschi Marco , McCormick Niall , Naumann Gustavo , Spinoni Jonathan , Vogt Jürgen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Building on almost 10 years of expertise and operational application of the
Combined Drought Indicator (CDI), which is implemented within the European
Commission's European Drought Observatory (EDO) for the purposes of early
warning and monitoring of agricultural droughts in Europe, this paper
proposes a revised version of the index. The CDI conceptualizes drought as a
cascade process, where a precipitation shortage (WATCH stage) develops into
a soil water deficit (WARNING stage), which in turn leads to stress for
vegetation (ALERT stage). The main goal of the revised CDI proposed here is
to improve the indicator's performance for those events that are currently
not reliably represented, without altering either the modelling conceptual
framework or the required input datasets. This is achieved by means of two
main modifications: (a) use of the previously occurring CDI value to improve
the temporal consistency of the time series and (b) introduction of two
temporary classes – namely TEMPORARY RECOVERY for soil moisture and
vegetation greenness, respectively – to avoid brief discontinuities in a
stage. The efficacy of the modifications is tested by comparing the
performances of the revised and currently implemented versions of the
indicator for actual drought events in Europe during the last 20 years. The
revised CDI reliably reproduces the evolution of major droughts,
outperforming the current version of the indicator, especially for
long-lasting events, and reducing the overall temporal inconsistencies in
stage sequencing of about 70 %. Since the revised CDI does not need
supplementary input datasets, it is suitable for operational implementation
within the EDO drought monitoring system.
Five-Year Follow-up of Routine Outpatient Test Turnaround Time: A College of American Pathologists Q-Probes Study
Authors: Valenstein Paul , Walsh Molly 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Context.—Timely reporting of outpatient tests can increase efficiency of care and improve customer satisfaction.
Objectives.—We conducted a survey in 2002 to determine how quickly hospital-based laboratories turned around routine requests for 3 common assays and compared the results with a similar survey conducted in 1997.
Design.—One hundred eighteen laboratories prospectively recorded the collection-to-verification turnaround time for 9252 complete blood cell counts (CBCs), 8832 thyroid tests, and 9193 basic metabolic panels.
Results.—The median facility reported all test results by 7:00 am of the weekday immediately after the date of specimen collection. The bottom 10% of institutions reported 99% of CBCs and basic metabolic panels within 1 day and 60% of thyroid tests within 1 day. The 65 institutions that participated in both the 1997 and 2002 surveys showed significant overall improvement in turnaround time for all 3 types of tests (P &lt; .001). In 2002, federal institutions had significantly slower turnaround times than nonfederal institutions for CBC tests (P &lt; .001), thyroid tests (P = .03), and basic metabolic panels (P &lt; .001). Other demographic and practice variables were not associated with turnaround time.
Conclusion.—The turnaround time of routine outpatient tests appears to have improved between 1997 and 2002.
Socioeconomic status relates to exercise habits and cardiorespiratory fitness among workers in the Tokyo area
Authors: Matsuo Tomoaki , So Rina 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
This survey aims to investigate consciousness regarding habitual exercise among workers in urban areas and to analyze the associations of workers’ socioeconomic status with their habitual exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF).

Methods
Ten thousand participants, who worked in the Tokyo area of Japan, were recruited for the questionnaire-based survey. The questionnaire elicited participant’s characteristics, socioeconomic status (eg, employment status and annual income), habitual exercise status, and consciousness regarding exercising. After the data-cleaning procedure, 9406 participants were selected for analyses. CRF was estimated by a validated equation model.

Results
Some (32.9%) participants had an exercise habit, and 93% recognized that exercise is good for health. Of the nonexercise habit group (n = 6308), 73% wanted to develop an exercise habit, and “spare time (40%)” and “financial capability (16%)” were the two most necessary conditions for habituating exercise. As socioeconomic statuses increased, the odds ratios (ORs) for engaging in habitual exercise increased among full-time (1.22) versus part-time (reference) employees and those having high (1.76) versus low (reference) incomes, whereas the ORs for low CRF risk decreased among full-time (0.78) versus part-time (reference) employees and those having high (0.53) versus low (reference) incomes.

Conclusions
Although most workers recognized the benefits of exercise, many were unable to develop exercise habits and believed that they could develop exercise habits if they had the time and financial capabilities. The survey suggests that workers with a higher socioeconomic status more likely to obtain favorable physical fitness, indicating a health disparity among workers in urban areas.
Structural analyses of PCNA from the fungal pathogen Candida albicans identify three regions with species‐specific conformations
Authors: Sundaram Rajivgandhi , Manohar Kodavati , Patel Shraddheya Kumar , Acharya Narottam , Vasudevan Dileep 
Published: February 2021

An assembly of multiprotein complexes achieves chromosomal DNA replication at the replication fork. In eukaryotes, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) plays a vital role in the assembly of multiprotein complexes at the replication fork and is essential for cell viability. PCNA from several organisms, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been structurally characterised. However, the structural analyses of PCNA from fungal pathogens are limited. Recently, we have reported that PCNA from the opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans complements the essential functions of ScPCNA in S. cerevisiae. Still, it only partially rescues the loss of ScPCNA when the yeast cells are under genotoxic stress. To understand this further, herein, we have determined the crystal structure of CaPCNA and compared that with the existing structures of other fungal and human PCNA. Our comparative structural and in‐solution small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) analyses reveal that CaPCNA forms a stable homotrimer, both in crystal and in solution. It displays noticeable structural alterations in the oligomerisation interface, P‐loop and hydrophobic pocket regions, suggesting its differential function in a heterologous system and avenues for developing specific therapeutics.DatabasesThe PDB and SASBDB accession codes for CaPCNA are 7BUP and SASDHQ9, respectively.
Seeded assembly in vitro does not replicate the structures of α‐synuclein filaments from multiple system atrophy
Authors: Lövestam Sofia , Schweighauser Manuel , Matsubara Tomoyasu , Murayama Shigeo , Tomita Taisuke , Ando Takashi , Hasegawa Kazuko , Yoshida Mari , Tarutani Airi , Hasegawa Masato , Goedert Michel , Scheres Sjors H. W. 
Published: February 2021

The propagation of conformational strains by templated seeding is central to the prion concept. Seeded assembly of α‐synuclein into filaments is believed to underlie the prion‐like spreading of protein inclusions in a number of human neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). We previously determined the atomic structures of α‐synuclein filaments from the putamen of five individuals with MSA. Here, we used filament preparations from three of these brains for the in vitro seeded assembly of recombinant human α‐synuclein. We find that the structures of the seeded assemblies differ from those of the seeds, suggesting that additional, as yet unknown, factors play a role in the propagation of the seeds. Identification of these factors will be essential for understanding the prion‐like spreading of α‐synuclein proteinopathies.
Ten principles for generating accessible and useable COVID‐19 environmental science and a fit‐for‐purpose evidence base
Authors: Kadykalo Andrew N. , Haddaway Neal R. , Rytwinski Trina , Cooke Steven J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract1. The ‘anthropause’, a period of unusually reduced human activity and mobility due to COVID‐19 restrictions, has serendipitously opened up unique opportunities for research on how human activities impact the environment.2. In the field of health, COVID‐19 research has led to concerns about the quality of research papers and the underlying research and publication processes due to accelerated peer review and publication schedules, increases in pre‐prints and retractions.3. In the field of environmental science, framing the pandemic and associated global lockdowns as an unplanned global human confinement experiment with urgency should raise the same concerns about the rigorousness and integrity of the scientific process. Furthermore, the recognition of an ‘infodemic’, an unprecedented explosion of research, risks research waste and duplication of effort, although how information is used is as important as the quality of evidence. This highlights the need for an evidence base that is easy to find and use – that is discoverable, curated, synthesizable, synthesized.4. We put forward a list of 10 key principles to support the establishment of a reproducible, replicable, robust, rigorous, timely and synthesizable COVID‐19 environmental evidence base that avoids research waste and is resilient to the pressures to publish urgently. These principles focus on engaging relevant actors (e.g. local communities, rightsholders) in research design and production, statistical power, collaborations, evidence synthesis, research registries and protocols, open science and transparency, data hygiene (cleanliness) and integrity, peer review transparency, standardized keywords and controlled vocabularies.
Dynamics of pseudo‐atrophy in RRMS reveals predominant gray matter compartmentalization
Authors: De Stefano Nicola , Giorgio Antonio , Gentile Giordano , Stromillo Maria Laura , Cortese Rosa , Gasperini Claudio , Visconti Andrea , Sormani Maria Pia , Battaglini Marco 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the dynamics of “pseudo‐atrophy,” the accelerated brain volume loss observed after initiation of anti‐inflammatory therapies, in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).MethodsMonthly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of patients from the IMPROVE clinical study (NCT00441103) comparing relapsing‐remitting MS patients treated with interferon beta‐1a (IFNβ‐1a) for 40 weeks versus those receiving placebo (16 weeks) and then IFNβ‐1a (24 weeks) were used to assess percentage of gray (PGMVC) and white matter (PWMVC) volume changes. Comparisons of PGMVC and PWMVC slopes were performed with a mixed effect linear model. In the IFNβ‐1a‐treated arm, a quadratic term was included in the model to evaluate the plateauing effect over 40 weeks.ResultsUp to week 16, PGMVC was −0.14% per month in the placebo and −0.27% per month in treated patients (P < 0.001). Over the same period, the decrease in PWMVC was −0.067% per month in the placebo and −0.116% per month in treated patients (P = 0.27). Similar changes were found in the group originally randomized to placebo when starting IFNβ‐1a treatment (week 16–40, reliability analysis). In the originally treated group, over 40 weeks, the decrease in PGMVC showed a significant (P < 0.001) quadratic component, indicating a plateauing at week 20.InterpretationFindings reported here add new insights into the complex mechanisms of pseudo‐atrophy and its relation to the compartmentalized inflammation occurring in the GM of MS patients. Ongoing and forthcoming clinical trials including MRI‐derived GM volume loss as an outcome measure need to account for potentially significant GM volume changes as part of the initial treatment effect.