bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Retrospective Comparative Analysis of Latissimus Dorsi (LD) Flap Versus Thoracodorsal Artery Perforator (TDAP) Flap in Total Breast Reconstruction with Implants: A Pilot Study
Authors: Brambilla Leonardo , Parisi P. , Gatto A. , Codazzi D. , Baronetto N. , Gilardi R. , Giovanazzi R. , Marchesi A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background In breast surgery, an autologous flap combined with implant may reduce the risk or repair the soft-tissue defects in several cases. Traditionally, the preferred flap is the myocutaneous latissimus dorsi (LD) flap. In the perforator flap era, the evolution of LD flap is the thoracodorsal artery perforator (TDAP) flap. The aim of this study is the comparison between LD flap and TDAP flap with implants in terms of early complications and shoulder function.
Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study in accordance with the STROBE guidelines. Between January 1 2015 and January 1 2020, 27 women underwent a unilateral total breast reconstruction with LD or TDAP flap combined with an implant at our institution. 15 women were operated with LD flap and 12 with TDAP flap. The most frequent indications for intervention were results of mastectomy and radiation-induced contracture. We evaluated several data in terms of clinical and demographical characteristics, operative and perioperative factors, and follow-up variables. We assessed shoulder function through the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire (DASH).
Results The rate of complications was significantly lower in the TDAP group compared with the LD group (16.7% vs 60.0%, p = 0.047. Table 3). Although the small sample size limited further detailed statistical analyses, we particularly noticed no cases of donor site seroma in the TDAP group, as compared with four in the LD group. Patients in the TDAP group had an ∼11-point lower mean DASH score compared with the LD group (9.8 vs 20.5). This difference was statistically significant (p = 0.049).
Conclusions TDAP flap seems to be a reliable technique for soft-tissue coverage in total breast reconstruction with implants. In comparison with the traditional LD flap, it could be a more favorable option in terms of less complications and better quality of life.
Cardiac Dysfunction in Neonatal HIE Is Associated with Increased Mortality and Brain Injury by MRI
Authors: Altit Gabriel , Bonifacio Sonia L. , Guimaraes Carolina V. , Bhombal Shazia , Sivakumar Ganesh , Yan Beth , Chock Valerie , Meurs Krisa V. 
Published: September 2021

Objective Describe the association between cardiac dysfunction and death or moderate-to-severe abnormalities on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in neonates undergoing therapeutic hypothermia for hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).
Study Design Retrospective study in neonates with moderate or severe HIE undergoing therapeutic hypothermia between 2008 and 2017. Primary outcome was death or moderate-to-severe brain injury using the Barkovich score. Conventional and speckle-tracking echocardiography measures were extracted from available echocardiograms to quantify right (RV) and left (LV) ventricular functions.
Results A total of 166 newborns underwent therapeutic hypothermia of which 53 (36.5%) had echocardiography performed. Ten (19%) died prior to hospital discharge, and 11 (26%) had moderate-to-severe brain injury. There was no difference in chronologic age at echocardiography between the normal and adverse outcome groups (22 [±19] vs. 28 [±21] hours, p = 0.35). Cardiac findings in newborns with abnormal outcome included lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) at echocardiography (p = 0.004) and decreased tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (a marker of RV systolic function; p = 0.01), while the ratio of systolic pulmonary artery (PA) pressure to systolic BP indicated isosystemic pressures (>2/3 systemic) in both groups. A multilogistic regression analysis, adjusting for weight and seizure status, indicated an association between abnormal outcome and LV function by longitudinal strain, as well as by ejection fraction.
Conclusion Newborns who died or had moderate–to-severe brain injury had a higher incidence of cardiac dysfunction but similar PA pressures when compared with those who survived with mild or no MRI abnormalities.
Key Points
Blow-up phenomena and peakons for the gFQXL/gCH-mCH equation
Authors: Yang Shaojie , Han Xuanxuan , Wang Tingting 
Published: September 2021

This paper is devoted to studying the generalized Fokas–Qiao–Xia–Li/generalized Camassa–Holm-modified Camassa–Holm (gFQXL/gCH-mCH) equation, which includes the Camassa–Holm equation, the generalized Camassa–Holm equation, the Novikov equation, the Fokas–Olver–Rosenau–Qiao/modified Camassa–Holm equation, and the Fokas–Qiao–Xia–Li/Camassa–Holm-modified Camassa–Holm equation as its special case. We first show that the gFQXL/gCH-mCH equation is locally well-posed in Besov spaces. Then, we present a blow-up criterion and a precise blow-up scenario, and utilizing the fine structure and the H1-norm conservation, we establish a finite time blow-up result with respect to the initial data. Finally, peakons are derived in an explicit formula.
Bottom-up synthesis of graphene films hosting atom-thick molecular-sieving apertures
Authors: Villalobos Luis Francisco , Van Goethem Cédric , Hsu Kuang-Jung , Li Shaoxian , Moradi Mina , Zhao Kangning , Dakhchoune Mostapha , Huang Shiqi , Shen Yueqing , Oveisi Emad , Boureau Victor , Agrawal Kumar Varoon 
Published: September 2021

Significance
The energy efficiency of gas separation is expected to benefit from the development of membranes yielding selective but large permeance. The ultimate limit of this is two-dimensional films hosting a high density of molecular-selective apertures (e.g., nanoporous single-layer graphene). Currently, pores are incorporated in single-layer graphene by postsynthetic etching route, and the direct bottom-up synthesis of nanoporous graphene, especially targeting a high pore density, remains a grand challenge attributing to a number of crystallization bottlenecks. We address this by increasing the density of molecular-sized intrinsic vacancy defects in graphene by developing crystallization conditions which promote the growth of misoriented grains, limiting the grains to a few nanometers in size and preventing a complete grain intergrowth while yielding mechanically robust films.
Fused silica cylindrical shell resonators with 25 million Q factors
Authors: Zeng Libin , Pan Yao , Luo Yiming , Xiao Pengbo , Liu Jianping , Tan Zhongqi , Yang Kaiyong , Luo Hui 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The Q factors of fused silica cylindrical shell resonators reaching 25 million is reported. The finite element method is employed to analyze the anchor loss and chemical etching is used to reduce the surface loss of cylindrical resonators. Two resonators with the same processing parameters are etched for 13 rounds with each round set as 5 min. After each round of chemical etching, the surface roughness, Q factors and resonant frequencies of the two resonators are measured. The Q factors of the two cylindrical resonators have both exceeded 25 million, reaching the level of that of fused silica hemispherical resonators. Results also indicate that the Q factors of fused silica cylindrical resonators are not related with their surface roughness. This study shows the potential of the cylindrical resonator gyroscope to achieve the same degree of precision as the hemispherical resonator gyroscope, which has presented outstanding performances.
Broad background in electron diffraction of 2D materials as a signature of their superior quality
Authors: Petrović Marin , Meyer zu Heringdorf Frank J , Hoegen Michael Horn-von , Thiel Patricia A , Tringides Michael C 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
An unusually broad bell-shaped component (BSC) has been previously observed in surface electron diffraction on different types of 2D systems. It was suggested to be an indicator of uniformity of epitaxial graphene (Gr) and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). In the current study we use low-energy electron microscopy and micro-diffraction to directly relate the BSC to the crystal quality of the diffracting 2D material. Specially designed lateral heterostructures were used to map the spatial evolution of the diffraction profile across different 2D materials, namely pure hBN, BCN alloy and pure Gr, where the alloy region exhibits deteriorated structural coherency. The presented results show that the BSC intensity has a minimum in the alloyed region, consequently showing that BSC is sensitive to the lateral domain size and homogeneity of the material under examination. This is further confirmed by the presence of a larger number of sharp moiré spots when the BSC is most pronounced in the pure hBN and Gr regions. Consequently, it is proposed that the BSC can be used as a diagnostic tool for determining the quality of the 2D materials.
Invariant manifold of modified solitons for the perturbed sine-Gordon equation
Authors: Mashkin Timur 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We study the perturbed sine-Gordon equation θ

tt
− θ

xx
+ sin θ = F(ɛ, x), where we assume that the perturbation F is analytic in ɛ and that its derivatives with respect to ɛ satisfy certain bounds at ɛ = 0. We construct implicitly an, adjusted to the perturbation F, manifold which is invariant in the following sense: the initial value problem for the perturbed sine-Gordon equation with an appropriate initial state on the manifold has a unique solution which follows a trajectory on the manifold. The trajectory is precisely described by two parameters which satisfy specific ODEs. In our approach, the invariant manifold is generated as a limit of a sequence whose elements are created one after another by successive distortion of the classical solitary manifold. For the proof, we firstly modify the iteration scheme introduced in Mashkin (2020 Stability of the solitary manifold of the perturbed sine-Gordon equation J. Math. Anal. Appl.
486 123904). By using the modified iteration scheme we build the mentioned sequence. Thereafter we show convergence of the sequence to establish the result.
Thermally tunable hydrogel crosslinking mediated by temperature sensitive liposome
Authors: Tasnim Tasmia , Adkins Michael D , Lim Taehwan , Feng Haidong , Magda Jules J , Shea Jill E , Agarwal Jayant , Furse Cynthia M , Zhang Huanan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Hydrogel crosslinking by external stimuli is a versatile strategy to control and modulate hydrogel properties. Besides photonic energy, thermal energy is one of the most accessible external stimuli and widely applicable for many biomedical applications. However, conventional thermal crosslinking systems require a relatively high temperature (over 100 °C) to initiate covalent bond formation. To our knowledge, there has not been a thermally tunable hydrogel crosslinking system suitable for biological applications. This work demonstrates a unique approach to utilize temperature sensitive liposomes to control and modulate hydrogel crosslinking over mild temperature range (below 50 °C). Temperature sensitive liposomes were used to control the release of chemical crosslinkers by moderate temperature changes. The thermally controlled crosslinker release resulted in tunable mechanical and transport properties of the hydrogel. No significant inflammable response observed in the histology results ensured the biocompatibility of the liposome-mediated crosslinkable hydrogel. This work opens new opportunities to implement thermal energy system for control and modulate hydrogel properties.
Checkered landscapes: hydrologic and biogeochemical nitrogen legacies along the river continuum
Authors: Liu J , Van Meter K J , McLeod M M , Basu N B 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Decades of agricultural intensification have led to elevated stream nitrogen (N) concentrations and eutrophication of inland and coastal waters. Despite widespread implementation of a range of strategies to reduce N export, expected improvements in water quality have not been observed. This lack of success has often been attributed to the existence of legacy N stores within the landscape. Here, we use the ELEMeNT-N model to quantify legacy accumulation and depletion dynamics over the last century (1930–2016) across 14 nested basins within the Grand River Watershed, a 6800 km2 agricultural watershed in the Lake Erie Basin. Model results reveal significant legacy N accumulation across the basin, ranging from 705 to 1071 kg ha−1, creating a checkered landscape of N legacies. The largest proportion (82%–96%) of this accumulated N is stored in soil organic N reservoirs, as biogeochemical legacy, and the remaining in groundwater, as hydrologic legacy. The fraction of N surplus accumulated in soil and groundwater is most strongly correlated with the calibrated watershed mean travel time µ, with the accumulation increasing with increases in µ. The mean travel time ranges from 5 to 34 years across the watersheds studied, and increases with increase in tile drainage, highlighting the strong control of anthropogenic management on legacy accumulation. Water quality improvement timescales were found to be heterogeneous across the watersheds, with greater legacies contributing to slower recovery.
What causes Ngancar River in Wiroko Temon sub-watershed vulnerable to flooding?
Authors: Prastica R M S , Fanani A J 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The vulnerability to flooding becomes a concern in every region to optimize the mitigation strategy, hence the disaster impact can be reduced from the environment. What factors become the main triggering issue toward water-related disasters? Every region has a different answer. Can a river that does not have historical flood events become vulnerable to flood today? This study investigates the flooding factors in Ngancar River, Wiroko Temon sub-watershed, Wonogiri. The research employs hydrological and hydraulics analysis. The results reveal that Ngancar River experienced land-use changes over time which lead to the dynamic of the discharge return period being bigger. As a result, river capacity today cannot accommodate the flooding volume. The research concludes that the hydraulics condition needs to be improved for flood mitigation. Further hydrological analysis is suggested to be conducted.
Sustainable principles in designing Lombok’s Beachside Area: a Gading Beach case study
Authors: Kamase G A P P , Saptaningtyas R S , Handayani T 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Recognized as a global best halal tourism, Lombok in West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) is anticipating significant tourism growth. As a response to this, the local government are trying to accelerate the supporting facilities for tourism development, including the Gading Beach area. On contrary, however, buildings are known among the world’s biggest energy consumption. Therefore, the design proposal of these new buildings in the Gading Beach area ought to consider a holistic sustainable approach to create buildings that will encourage environmental, social and economic benefits. Five key sustainable design principles were utilized for the development of the Gading Beach area. Those principles are including site and ecology, community and culture, health, materials and energy. The implementation of these design strategies in the Gading Beach area is expected to exhibit an effective application of a sustainable approach in beachside buildings.
Effectiveness Vetiveria zizanoides plant in ability absorption of heavy metals in coal mining waste
Authors: Andrawina A , Ernawati R , Cahyadi T A , Bargawa W S , Amri N A , Ferdian I 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Vetiveria zizanoides plants have considerable potential for phytoremediation, because these plants show relatively high ability to accumulate and translocate heavy metals in wetlands and are able to tolerate acidic water pH. The results of the study showed that the Vetiveria zizanoides plant has a fairly good survival rate in acid mine water conditions and has a fairly high ability to absorb Fe, Mn and sulfur metals. This is evidenced by the treatment of Vetiveria zizanoides plants by planting 20 Vetiveria zizanoides stems into acid mine water media without the addition of organic substrates, seen on day 20 after treatment of 20 Vetiveria zizanoides stems there was only 1 plant that died, the rest still survive in acidic water conditions. In this treatment, the Vetiveria zizanoides plant was able to absorb Fe, Mn and sulfur with an efficiency increase of 93% for Fe metal, 40% for Mn metal and 43% sulfur for 20 days. However, to improve the quality of acid water in this treatment, it was not optimal, so treatment was given with a combination of Vetiveria zizanoides and organic substrates. Treatment 3 was the most effective in improving acid mine water quality, because it had an average effectiveness of 58% for increasing the pH of the air and 97% for decreasing the concentration of Fe and Mn metals. With the efficiency of increasing the metal concentration in plants by 16% for Fe metal, 29% for Mn metal and 35% sulfur for 20 days after being given treatment.
Effect of addition polyethylene glycol on morphology and functional groups of composite films bacterial nanocellulose - graphite nanoplatelets
Authors: Susilo B D , Suryanto H , Aminnudin A 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) existence on the composite film bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) reinforced with graphite nanoplatelets (GNP) has been analyzed in this research. Pineapple peel waste extract was used to synthesis the bacterial cellulose (BC) pellicle. A 1% NaOH solution was used to remove impurities from the BC pellicle. Mechanical disintegration and a high-pressure homogenization method were used to synthesize BNC. The high-pressure homogenizer (HPH) runs for five cycles at 150 bar before being filtered with a vacuum filter. The composite films are synthesized using a mixture of BNC, PEG 1%, and GNP 2.5%. Then the mixed slurry was dried using an oven for 14 hours at a temperature of 80 degrees Celsius. The morphology of composite BNC film was observed by using SEM. The addition of PEG causes the BC structure to become more porous. GNP is not well distributed in the BNC matrix but still acts as a dispersed filler. FTIR analysis is conducted to see its functional groups. The addition of GNP caused the hydroxyl group to be significantly reduced.
Kinetics and thermodynamics study of organic waste combustion using thermogravimetric analysis
Authors: Sukarni S , Prasetiyo A , Fidiah L , Permanasari A A , Puspitasari P 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Urban waste in Malang becomes a significant problem due to its increasing volume and negative impact on the environment. An incineration process offers a solution to reduce waste. The thermochemical method is one of the routes to reduce waste volume effectively. This paper discussed the combustion of organic waste with thermogravimetric analysis in a nonisothermal mode in which temperature escalated from 25 to 1000°C by a heating ramp of 20°C/min. The process of burning organic waste is divided into three steps of decomposition, namely the step of moisture loss, decomposition and combustion of volatile matter and fixed carbon, and the final step of ash decomposition from the residual matters. The kinetic parameters calculated using the Coats-Redfern method at the main combustion step, resulting in activation energy of 99.37 kJ/mol and a pre-exponential factor of 6.01E+08/s.
Physicochemical properties and porosity of coconut chell waste (CSW) biomass
Authors: Prasetiyo A , Sukarni S , Irawan A , Permanasari A A , Puspitasari P 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Utilizing waste biomass as a reserve energy source can play an essential role in reducing expanding fossil fuel’s environmental impact. This paper presented an analysis of physical, chemical, morphological, calorific values and porosity of biomass from coconut shell waste (CSW) as an alternative for biofuel feedstock. The physical properties of CSW biomass were dominated by volatile matter and fixed carbon content of 73.8 and 22.7 (wt.%, DB), respectively. The calorific value is 20.39 MJ/kg, giving a significant energy effect when the biomass is burned. The chemical properties of CSW biomass were dominated by C and O content of 41.04 and 57.47 (wt.%), respectively, contributing most of the oxygen to the thermal process. However, most elements of chemical properties contributed to the formation of ash in the combustor, including minor and major elements (S, K, Si, Al, P, Cl, Ca, Mg, and Fe). Besides, they had a negative effect in the form of slagging in the combustion residue. The porosity analysis of CSW biomass was 67.30 – 72.92%, which was able to increase the size of char particles during the thermal process. The analysis of physicochemical properties and porosity of CSW biomass confirmed that this material could be beneficial as an alternative energy reserve in the future.
Characteristics and modeling kinetics of oil palm frond petiole pyrolysis using thermogravimetric analyzer
Authors: Prasetiyo A , Sukarni S , Wibowo A A , Permanasari A A , Puspitasari P 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAs one of the largest palm oil-producing countries globally, Indonesia produces abundant oil palm biomass; indeed, it brings large oil palm frond petiole (OPFP). OPFP is one of the oil palm biomass that can be converted into an energy source. This research focuses on analyzing thermal decomposition characteristics and pyrolysis kinetics of OPFP using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results showed that the thermal decomposition of pyrolysis was divided into three steps, including the evaporation stage of moisture content, the releasing of volatile compounds and organic matter, and the final stage of lignin and tar decomposition. Both the activation energy and the pre-exponential factors were analyzed with the Coats-Redfern method in step II active pyrolysis zone are 80.56 kJ/mol and 7.21/min, respectively, as shown in the Chemical Reaction Order F1.5 model with the accuracy of a correlation coefficient of 0.99. These results provided the fundamental data useful for properly designing the reactor system for industrial purposes.
Assessment on biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) removal using treatment train system for agricultural run-off
Authors: Razak A A A , Takaijudin H , Osman M , Yusof K W , Ali W , Ishak S 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Agricultural runoff is non-point source pollution that is unpredictable and difficult to control. Best Management Practices (BMPs) and Low Impact Development (LID) has been utilized as a method to manage agricultural runoff. Treatment train systems are LID-BMPs arranged in a series that aims to treat and manage agricultural runoff. This study focuses on the use of treatment train systems to reduce the concentration of BOD in agricultural runoff. A treatment train system was set up with three varying configurations to evaluate the efficiency of BOD removal. The three configurations consisted of no vegetation set which acts as the control, vegetated set, and vegetated set with the saturated zone. All three configurations showed good final removal rates of BOD at 56% for the control and 75% and 85% for both vegetated sets without and with the saturated zone. The control is classified classifying it as Class III according to Water Quality Standards, while both vegetated set without and with saturated zone had classified both sets as Class II and I, respectively. The performance of the treatment train system was compared to the use of a single bioretention system.