bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of rhizobacteria on a local and composite variety of maize (Zea mays L.) growth in rainy
Authors: Maryani Y , Widiatmi S , Widata S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Maize is the source to have high carbohydrate and grow well in the dry season. Furthermore, climate change causes as long rainy seasons in some areas which are hampering maize growth. The research study the effects of rhizobacteria on local and composite variety growth. The research was did in Prambanan, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. It was done by a split-plot design. The first factor was variety maize. The variety maize is local, composite, and hybrid 3 as control. The second factor was rhizobacteria. The rhizobacteria include the concentration of 0% and 20%. The results show that rhizobacteria give a total growth rate more than non-rhizobacteria treatment on maize. The rhizobacteria treatment gives the highest tolerance index. Hybrid 3 and composite variety (Bisma) are suitable variety rainy season.
Existences and perception of javanese local knowledge for climate change adaptation
Authors: Sumani  , Suntoro  , Komariah  , Mujiyo  
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Farmer perception of their environment is a factor of climate change. Adaptation to climate change requires farmers to realize that the climate has been changed and they must identify useful adaptations and implement them. This study analyzed the adaptation of climate change among rural farmers using local knowledge and knowing the existence of it. Local knowledge was examined by descriptive qualitative. The results showed that Pranata Mangsa crop calendar was used by Javanese society for a long time ago, where, practiced by the indigenous people through their different beliefs, culture, and traditions. Pranata Mangsa comes from two words, Pranata which means rule and Mangsa which means season or time, where, divided into four (4) seasons: Katiga (dry season), Labuh (dry to rainy season), Rendheng (rainy season), and Mareng (rainy to dry season), which each season has natural signs for warning system and move to next season. In addition, the results showed that the Javanese societies said Pranata Mangsa is still relevant (31.71%), need to re-evaluate (22%), not relevant (13.3%), and not answered (33%).
The relationship between antibiotics treatment with length of stay and the daily temperature fluctuation of child patients infected by dengue at UNS Hospital
Authors: Siregar A S , Hanafi M , Mashuri Y A , Indriani T A , Ardyanto D T , Suyatmi  
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Dengue fever is infectious disease caused by dengue virus. Climate change, especially warming temperature is associated with the spread of Aedes aegypti which is the main vector for dengue virus. Antibiotics for dengue infection are used to prevent secondary infection. Thus, hospitalized patients treated with antibiotics are suspected to be associated with days reduction of hospitalization. It is important to monitor the patients’ temperature as it becomes the sign of worseness or recovery. This study aims to determine whether there is relationship between antibiotic treatment with length of stay and daily temperature of child patients infected by dengue. The study was conducted at UNS Hospital Indonesia. A total data of 180 children hospitalized with dengue infection since 2019 to 2020 were analyzed. Confirmation to parents was done when needed. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney and Fisher’s test. There was insignificant relationship between antibiotics treatment with length of stay (p-value = 0.48) and daily temperature (p-value = 0.078) of child patients infected by dengue at UNS Hospital. There was no significant relationship between antibiotic treatment with length of stay and daily temperature fluctuation. Further study to investigate other factors which affect the length of stay and daily temperature fluctuation is needed.
Effect of soil leaching and organic matter on Fe2+ concentration and rice yields in acid sulfate soils
Authors: Nugroho N , Kurniasih B , Utami S N H , Yusuf W A , Rumanti I A , Agustiani N , Margaret S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The negative impact of climate change causes extreme weather become unpredictable, leading to flood and drought. In acid sulfate soil, El Nino increases pyrite oxidation which causes sulfate and iron toxicity when flood comes. Iron toxicity in plants is caused by excess concentrations of iron Ferro (Fe2+) in the soil solution. This research aims to determine the effect of leaching and organic matter on Fe2+ concentration, physiological response and yield of rice in acid sulfate soils. The research was conducted in the Indonesian Swampland Agricultural Research Institute (ISARI) Greenhouse from August to December 2020, using a completely randomized design with three factors. The first factor: actual acid sulfate soil (AASS) and potential acid sulfate soil (PASS), the second factor: waterlogging without leaching (-SL) and soil leaching (+SL), and the third factor: without organic matter (OM) and with organic matter (+OM). The results showed that soil leaching and adding organic matter decreased Fe2+ concentration, thereby increasing root length, relative water content, width of stomata, leaf K and Mg content, root-shoot dry weight, number of grain and crop yield. In comparison to the treatment of without leaching and organic matter, the leaching and organic matter treatment in AASS showed the lowest increase in Fe2+concentration from 123.4 to 241.9 ppm and increased yield from 3.13 to 3.80 ton ha−1. Whereas in PASS, the leaching and organic matter treatment showed the highest decrease in Fe2+ concentration from 2,298.7 to 686.6 ppm and increased crop yield from 2.39 to 2.77 ton ha−1.
Strategies for selecting rice varieties in anticipation of the climate change impacts in swampland
Authors: Khairullah I , Mawardi  
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The efforts to increase rice production in swampland are faced with various obstacles, including extreme climate change (drought and flooding). To overcome the drought and flooding conditions is by planting suitable rice varieties for its conditions. During el nino, very early maturity varieties could be planted such as Inpari 12, 13, 18, 19, and 20 (99 to 104 days old). Somewhat drought tolerant varieties, such as Inpari 38, 39, and 40. In la nina conditions could be planted Inpara 3, 4, and 5 because these varieties were moderately submergence tolerant. Inpara 3 was tolerant to submergence for 6 days, while Inpara 4 and 5 were tolerant for 14 days in the vegetative phase. Furthermore, the Inpari 29 and 30 Ciherang Sub-1 could also submergence tolerant for 14 and 15 days, respectively. By planting early maturity and submergence tolerant varieties, it is hoped that rice production in swampland can be maintained under climate change. This paper is a review and the purpose of this paper is to anticipate the effects of extreme climate change (el-nino and la-nina) through using rice varieties in swamplands and strategy for selecting the varieties so that they can produce under extreme climate changes.
Colchicine reduces the degree of inflammation in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Prabowo N A , Apriningsih H 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
COVID-19 increases vulnerability for populations living in regions significantly impacted by the adverse effects of climate change. There is currently no definitive treatment for COVID-19. Colchicine is a drug that can reduce the severity of COVID-19 by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome. This study aims to determine the effect of colchicine administration on the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (HsCRP) and Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) levels in COVID-19 patients. This study was conducted at the UNS Hospital in February-March 2021. The inclusion criteria were moderate-grade COVID-19 patients. HsCRP and NLR examinations were carried out before and after giving the treatment. The treatment group received 2x0.5 mg colchicine for 7 days and standard therapy, while the control group received placebo and standard therapy. Statistical test using paired t-test and independent t-test. P is significant if p is less than 0.05. The study subjects were 40 patients, with 20 patients in the control group and 20 in the treatment group. There was a decrease in NLR and HsCRP levels in the treatment group before therapy (NLR = 7.89 + 3.45; HsCRP = 5.41 + 3.24 mg/dL) compared to after therapy (NLR = 3.59 + 2.25; HsCRP = 1.41 + 1.13 mg/dL) with p = 0.001. Colchicine reduces the degree of NLR and HsCRP in COVID-19 patients.
Plant immune systems as pests and diseases mitigation
Authors: Purnomo D 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The phenomenon of climate change, which is currently still in the form of a weather anomaly, has disrupted the agricultural system. Increasing temperatures and changing rain patterns have resulted in several disasters such as heatwaves, strong winds (typhoons), and floods. For plants, these conditions result in disruption of plant growth and response to herbivores and pathogens. Plants have a mechanism of resistance to pests and pathogens intrinsically and extrinsically through growth, special morphology, metabolism of certain compounds such as volatiles (becoming disliked by herbivores or inviting natural enemies), and secondary metabolites. Secondary metabolites protect plants from pests (herbivores) and infection by disease microbes through mechanisms at the structural and metabolic levels. The level of the herbivore structure cannot penetrate, preventing mechanical damage. Secondary metabolites by inducing the synthesis of antibiotics derived from phenolics and terpenoids (phytoalexin). Antibiotics affect herbivores by suppressing growth, development, reproduction, to death. Secondary metabolites are typical of a plant as anti-insect, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, and anti-viral compounds. Engineering to increase plant immunity against pests and pathogens by increasing secondary metabolites, cultivation, and genetic potential is developed. This program is not only related to environmentally friendly crop cultivation but also to anticipate climate change.
Detrimental impact of Indonesian food estate policy: Conflict of norms, destruction of protected forest, and its implication to the climate change
Authors: Maskun  , Napang M , Nur S S , Bachril S N , Al Mukarramah N H 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In response to the food crisis threat due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the Indonesian Government initiates a national food supply enhancement program recognized as food estate which was then established as a part of National Strategic Programs. To maintain its implementation, the Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry through PermenLHK 24/2020 allows the legalization of forest land utilization, including the protected forest land for the food estate program. This study aims to analyze emerging conflict norms related to the utilization of the protected forest in Indonesia’s food estate program. The method used is normative legal research conducted by reviewing various forestry-related legal instruments and principles in Indonesia. The main findings reveal that the legalization of the utilization of protected forests for food estate projects by PermenLHK 24/2020 does not meet legal certainty and contradicts the norms incorporated in the hierarchical higher related regulations. In connection to climate change, the legalization of utilizing protected forests for the food estate program will open up opportunities for deforestation and encourage degradation of the protected function of these forests. The forestry sector has become one of the largest contributors to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Indonesia, with deforestation and land degradation as the root of the problem. The implication of food estate becomes a regressive action for the realization of Indonesia’s commitment to reduce GHG emissions from the forestry sector up to 17.2% with unconditional mitigation scenario (CM 1) and 23% with conditional mitigation scenario (CM 2) by 2030.
Environmental standard of Indonesian palm oil post omnibus law ratification
Authors: Maskun  , Achmad  , Naswar  , Assidiq H , Mubarak M R 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A dismemberment of various regulations in Indonesia with the issuance of the Omnibus Law and its derivative regulations aims to facilitate investment. It is also included in the palm oil plantation sectors that obtain various conveniences hence ease its investment procedure. This article is intended to analyze the various norms that weaken the environmental standards of the palm oil sector post the issuance of the Omnibus Law. The principle of the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil, which became an international consensus related to the management of sustainable palm oil was used in this study. The findings show that various norms in the Omnibus Law and its derivative regulations are weakening the environmental standards as stated in the principles of the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil. They are also considered threatening the Indonesian forests which will be converted to oil palm plantations. The increase in land-use conversion will be in line with the increase of carbon emissions, which will accelerate and worsen the climate change effects. Unplanning the sustainability of palm oil plantations indicates a step backward of Indonesian law in managing a sustainable palm oil plantations.
Reflections on climate change policy implementation
Authors: Luthfia A R , Alkhajar E N S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Climate village can be categorized as one of the Indonesia’s climate change policies to address climate change. The program itself has been implementing throughout the archipelago since 2012. In line with the global strategies, the program conducted adaptation and mitigation strategies to reduce climate change impacts. Based on Howlett, Ramesh & Perl’s perspective, this study aims to reflect the implementation of the climate change policy. The research used descriptive qualitative method. The data were collected through interviews, field observation, and documentation. The results found that there were three main issues needed to be fixed; (1) the sustainability of the program, (2) the lack of community capacity, and (3) the lack of partnership.
Climate change and COVID-19: The double whammy for coastal community in Demak, Indonesia
Authors: Seftiani S , Putri I A P , Hidayati I , Katherina L K , Ningrum V , Vibriyanti D 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In 2020 the coastal community in Demak-Indonesia faced two alarming events of their lives, the COVID-19 Pandemic and tidal flooding (Rob) events with a frequency and duration longer than usual. It is well-accepted worldwide that tidal flooding is one of the consequences of climate change caused by sea level rises. This paper will focus on the impact of a double whammy; climate change and COVID-19 Pandemic are in the coastal community. To analyze and describe the research question, we use the media analysis method of 21 Indonesian news articles from March to September 2020. Data from the media analysis using Discourse Network Analyzer (DNA) and open interview to describe the latest coastal community’s condition, including the socio-economic impact and response to the double whammy. The results show that this year’s tidal floods are the worst, seen from the duration, and the altitude is getting bigger than previous years. The tidal floods coupled with the economic impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic, which made them economically locked down. Strengthening the resilience of the fisherman community in Demak is essential. It needs government policy support that considers ocean sustainability to improve their welfare and enhance preparedness in facing a double whammy in the future.
Environmental impact control of coal mining activities in Kandangan Lama, South Kalimantan through calculating post-mining costs
Authors: Yuliyani R , Suryanto  , R Handayani I G A K 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Land clearing during mining activities can harm the environment, one of which is a change in the landscape that results in erosion, flooding, and climate change. This study aimed to determine the total cost of the post-coal mining plan and identify its components to control environmental impacts and climate change in Kandangan Lama, South Kalimantan. The method used to calculate the total cost of the post-mining plan is based on the Decree of the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Republic of Indonesia with the number 1827 K/30/MEM/2018. The data sampling technique used purposive sampling through observation, interviews, and document study. The results showed that the post-mining area in this study was 3.46 ha. Direct cost, namely IDR 1,064,459,474.00, consists of land use, revegetation, demolition, restoration, social, cultural, economic development, maintenance, and monitoring. Also, the indirect cost is IDR 310,822,166.00, which consists of mobilization and demobilization costs, post-mining plan, contract administration and profits, and supervision costs. Thus, the total cost of the post-mining plan for the 3.46 ha was IDR 1,444,045,722.00. These costs are commensurate with the restoration of environmental conditions to control climate change to maintain environmental stability.
Tourism vulnerability management to support local wisdom conservation in the current agriculture practices (Case: Agricultural tourism area in Ngawi Regency, East Java, Indonesia)
Authors: Pujiasmanto B , Aliyah I , Miladan N , Sugiarti R , Margana  , Setyaningrum D 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Climate change can cause an increase in the earth’s surface temperature and atmospheric CO2. This has an impact on the tourism area based on local agricultural wisdom. The research aims to analyze the level of tourism vulnerability management and formulate tourism vulnerability management strategies to support local wisdom preservation in current farming practices. The method used is mapping, field observations, and interviews with two approaches, namely quantitative content analysis and qualitative content analysis. The results showed that the farming community was only profit-oriented without paying attention to balancing and preserving the natural environment. Most farmers want all agricultural processes to be done instantly or quickly, with higher yields. However, they leave local wisdom values and socio-cultural contexts in managing the rice field environment. One of the components of local wisdom that can still be maintained is the cropping pattern primarily found in the highlands that can still be found. To manage the vulnerability of tourism to support the preservation of local wisdom in current agricultural practices.
Understanding changes in perceptions and behaviour of train passengers during the Covid 19 pandemic
Authors: Nurhadi  , Suryadari R T 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Transportation is considered as one important area that contribute to energy emission. The transportation sector accounts for 15% of total GHG emissions and 23% of CO
2
emissions, of which 30% of CO
2
comes from burning fossil fuels. Government policies in the context of preventing the spread of Covid 19 and enforcement of restrictions on Community Activities (PPKM), have provided benefits for the environment in terms of reducing air pollution by up to 42% (liputan6.com). The Covid 19 pandemic has an impact on the public transportation business, based on sales data from PT KAI (Persero) that there was a decrease in the number of longdistance train passengers using rail transportation services, namely in April 2019 there were 3,879,792 passengers while in April 2020 it fell to 286 268 passengers. This research aims at understanding the risk perception that affects the planned attitudes and behaviour of potential passengers to travel by train during the pandemic. 368 samples were collected from Operation Area 1 to Operation Area 9. Employing SEM analysis with the SmartPLS, the result shows that the customers intend to continue traveling using railway public services. However, a certain level of anxiety and perceived risk grows due to a lack of information. namely, uncertainty whether the use of public transportation may bear the potential for covid 19 transmissions. Hence the government’s actions in dealing with the pandemic could reassure the customers to continue using the railway services.
The impact of climate change on poverty in the pandemic of Covid-19 in Bengawan Solo Watershed, Wonogiri District, Central Java
Authors: Rahayu E S , Setyowati  , Rahwadwiati R 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Early Warning Early Action: Report on Food Security and Agriculture released by FAO April 2020 warns countries worldwide to be alerted to potential food crises caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. Almost all countries worldwide are experiencing Covid-19 is no exception impacting the agricultural sector. This decrease in production and welfare level is due to the reduction of agricultural crop production. One of the risk factors for food security in the Covid pandemic era is extreme weather. Climate change causes global and domestic food stocks to decline and causes fluctuations in food prices and the food logistics system. This condition impacted the decrease in farmers’ income and welfare (NTP = Farmer Exchange Rate) and resulted in the poverty of farmers’ households. This study aims to (1) identify the production and income reductions from climate change and the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, (2) analyze the poverty level of farmer households, (3) knowing the coping mechanism of farmer households to address climate change and the impact of Covid-19. The method used is the Bengawan Solo watershed area survey method with sample locations in 3 sub-districts with 120 farmer respondents interviewed with a structured questionnaire guide and FGD. The analysis method used descriptive analysis, income analysis, and poverty analysis. The results showed that farmers’ incomes decreased by 43.2%. The poverty rate of farmers increased with a shift of 9.8%; coping mechanism farmers persisted by paying attention and adhering to the health protocols of Covid-19 and trying to increase land productivity to meet daily needs.
Cabbage farming feasibility study (Brassica oleracea.) in Conto Village, Bulukerto District, Wonogiri Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Suswadi  , Kartikasari R D , Prasetyo A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Several impacts due to climate change in the last three years have occurred in pest and disease problems in Indonesia, namely escalation, status improvement, and degradation. Especially in Wonogiri, the Spodoptera litura attack has become more destructive on cabbage and the status improvement rose from controllable into uncontrollable by the farmer. The precipitation in Wonogiri which is risen in 2020 from 2018 because la Nina stimulates the reproduction of Spodoptera litura. The purpose of this study was to analyze the feasibility of a cabbage crop in the dry season during the Spodoptera litura attack. The basic method of research is descriptive-analytical. The results showed that the cost spent for cabbage farming in the Sumber Makmur farmer group, Conto Village, Bulu Kerto District, Wonogiri Regency, with an average land area of 0.26 ha was Rp. 3,505,837; Meanwhile, the revenue was Rp. 10,190,000; And income of Rp 9,236,800; with a profit of IDR 6,684,162. Cabbage farming was feasible to be developed based on the R/C ratio, BEP, capital productivity, and labor productivity. Biopesticides are needed to control Spodoptera litura in an environmentally and economically friendly manner because pest control costs are also a dominant cost component in cabbage farming.