bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geometrische Bewertung und Optimierung der Modulanordnung in Tragwerken – Ein Beitrag zur adaptiven Fertigung im Bauwesen
Authors: Frey Alex Maximilian , Stindt Jan , Lanza Gisela , Mark Peter 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDie adaptive Fertigung von Fertigbetonbauteilen für modulare Tragwerke birgt das Potenzial, Ausschuss und Nacharbeit zu reduzieren. Bei diesem Ansatz wird der Fertigungsprozess auf Basis der Geometrien bereits gefertigter Module iterativ angepasst, sodass sich Maßabweichungen im Gesamttragwerk bestmöglich kompensieren. Im vorliegenden Aufsatz wird untersucht, wie eine solche Kompensation durch gezielte Anordnung der Module in modularen Tragwerken erfolgen kann. Hierzu wird zunächst ein Maß entwickelt, um modulare Tragwerke unter Berücksichtigung der Kompensation von Maßabweichungen geometrisch zu bewerten. Anschließend wird darauf aufbauend ein Optimierungsmodell vorgestellt, mit dem eine optimale Anordnung von Modulen mit gegebenen Maßabweichungen berechnet werden kann. Hiermit werden optimale Lösungen für ausgewählte Fälle betrachtet, um hieraus einen allgemeingültigen Zusammenhang zwischen den Geometrien der einzelnen Bauteile und der geometrischen Bewertung des resultierenden Tragwerks herzustellen. Diese Erkenntnisse dienen als Grundlage für eine adaptive Fertigung.
Hydrothermal gasification of Scenedesmus obliquus and its derivatives: a thermodynamic study using Aspen Plus
Authors: Mustapha Sherif Ishola , Mohammed Usman Aliyu , Bux Faizal , Isa Yusuf Makarfi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study presents the simulation of hydrothermal gasification (HTG) of Scenedesmus obliquus microalgae and their derivatives using Aspen Plus V11. The effect of operating parameters such as temperature, pressure, and biomass concentration on the yield and composition of gaseous products using whole algae, lipid, and lipid extracted algae (LEA) as feedstocks was examined. The results showed that reaction pressure exhibited minimal impact whereas temperature, biomass concentration, and feedstock composition had significant effects on the composition of gaseous products. It was also found that a low temperature (400 °C) and biomass concentration of 40 wt% favored the production of methane‐rich gas. In contrast, high temperature (700 °C) and low biomass concentration (10 wt%) favored hydrogen‐rich gas production in all the three feedstocks considered. The highest mole fraction achieved for CH4 was 53.45, 61.70, and 52.20 mol%, which corresponded to a CH4 yield of 31.14, 56.90, and 30.15 mmol g−1 for whole algae, lipid, and LEA respectively. For H2 rich gas production, the highest mole fractions achieved were 55.77, 52.29, and 55.34 mol%, which correspond to H2 yields of 75.44, 105.51, and 73.49 mmol g−1 for whole algae, lipids, and LEA, respectively. The ranking order for the yield and lower heating value of the product gas from the HTG process is lipid > whole algae > LEA. This study has shown that hydrogen‐rich and methane‐rich gas can be produced from the hydrothermal gasification of microalgae as a function of the reaction conditions and feedstock composition. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
An effective green and renewable heterogeneous catalyst derived from the fusion of bi‐component biowaste materials for the optimized transesterification of linseed oil methyl ester
Authors: Etim Anietie O. , Musonge Paul , Eloka‐Eboka Andrew C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBiological waste materials are rich sources of important minerals such as calcium and potassium, which are required in the preparation of effective biocatalysts for biodiesel production. Their adoption into green catalyst production is becoming important due to the ease of process synthesis and the availability of waste animal shells and agricultural materials. In this study, the potential of a bi‐component, heterogeneous catalyst of fused chicken eggshells and pawpaw peels was tested in the transesterification reaction of linseed oil. The waste materials, separately, were dried and calcined at 900 °C or at 700 °C for 3 h to obtain their calcined ashes (calcined eggshells (CES) and calcined pawpaw peels (CPP)). The CES and CPP were then bonded by the wet impregnation method (by dissolving each ash at weight concentration of 7:3 CES/CPP in 100 mL warm distilled water and further calcining them at 600 °C for 2 h). The catalyst that was developed was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy ‐ Energy Dispersive X‐Ray Spectroscopy (SEM–EDX), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The Box–Behnken design was applied to generate 15 experimental runs, which were used to investigate the effect of the operational parameters such as methanol‐to‐oil molar ratio, catalyst loading, and reaction time. The characterization results show that the ash is very rich in Ca and K ions. The best reaction condition for the transesterification process was found to be a methanol / oil molar ratio of 14.9:1, catalyst loading of 3.78 wt%, process reaction time of 80 min at constant reaction temperature of 65 °C with a biodiesel maximum yield of 91.20 wt%. The physicochemical properties of the produced biodiesel were measured and found to meet the American Society for Testing of Materials (ASTM) and European National (EN) standards and South African National Standards (SANS) biodiesel quality standards. The fused catalyst can be reused for up to five cycles with little reduction in yields. The study demonstrates the potential of utilizing biomass feedstock in developing effective and sustainable biodiesel fuels. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Switchability and minimal effect of food on pharmacokinetics of modified release tablet strengths of omecamtiv mecarbil, a cardiac myosin activator
Authors: Trivedi Ashit , Oberoi Rajneet K. , Mackowski Mia , Jafarinasabian Pegah , Zhang Hanze , Flach Stephen , Simiens Mary Ann , Terminello Bianca , Abbasi Siddique , Dutta Sandeep , Lee Edward 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOmecamtiv mecarbil (OM) is a cardiac myosin activator in clinical development for the treatment of heart failure. The effect of food on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of 25, 37.5, and 50 mg strength modified release (MR) tablets and the bioequivalence of two 25 mg tablets versus one 50 mg MR tablet were evaluated in two open‐label, randomized, cross‐over studies in healthy subjects. Subjects received two 25 mg tablets or one 50 mg OM MR tablet under fed or fasted states in Study 1 (n = 39), and single oral doses of 25 and 37.5 mg OM MR tablets and to assess its relative bioavailability to the 25 mg MR tablet, a 25 mg oral solution under fed or fasted states in Study 2 (n = 34). The area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) and the maximum observed concentration (Cmax) of 25, 37.5, or 50 mg OM MR tablets were approximately 13%–22% higher and 31%–40% higher, respectively, when taken with food. The two 25 mg and one 50 mg OM MR tablets were bioequivalent (90% confidence intervals) of the geometric mean ratios for Cmax and AUC of OM were within 0.8–1.25 under the fasted or fed state. OM was well tolerated and all treatment‐emergent events were mild in severity and resolved by the end of the study. In conclusion, these studies demonstrated that the effect of food on the PK of OM was minimal at all three studied strengths of the MR tablets, and two 25 mg MR tablets may be switched for one 50 mg MR tablet (EudraCT Number: 2019‐003683‐44).
Correct and logical causal inference for binary and time‐to‐event outcomes in randomized controlled trials
Authors: Liu Yi , Wang Bushi , Yang Miao , Hui Jianan , Xu Heng , Kil Siyoen , Hsu Jason C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTargeted therapies tend to have biomarker defined subgroups that derive differential efficacy from treatments. This article corrects three prevailing oversights in stratified analyses comparing treatments in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with binary and time‐to‐event outcomes:

Using efficacy measures such as odds ratio (OR) and hazard ratio (HR) can make a prognostic biomarker appear predictive, targeting wrong patients, because the inference is affected by a confounding/covert factor even with ignorable treatment assignment in an RCT. As shown analytically and with real immunotherapy patient level data, OR and HR cannot meet the causal Estimand requirement of ICH E9R1.
Mixing efficacy in subgroups by prevalence, the prevailing practice, can give misleading results also, for any efficacy measured as a ratio. However, mixing relative response (RR) and ratio of median (RoM) survival times by the prognostic effect, the confounding/covert factor hiding in plain sight, will give causal inference in an RCT.
Effects in subgroups should not be mixed on the logarithmic scale, because it creates an artificial Estimand for the whole population which changes depending on how the population is divided into subgroups.
Current computer package implementations contain all these oversights. Probabilities, including survival curve probabilities, naturally average within each treatment arm by prevalence. The subgroup mixable estimation (SME) principle fixes the oversights by first averaging probabilities (not their logarithms) within each treatment arm, then computing simultaneous confidence intervals for ratio efficacy in subgroups and their mixtures based on rigorous mathematical derivation, to finally provide causal inference in the form of apps.
Melatonin salvages lead‐induced neuro‐cognitive shutdown, anxiety, and depressive‐like symptoms via oxido‐inflammatory and cholinergic mechanisms
Authors: Omeiza Noah A. , Abdulrahim Halimat A. , Alagbonsi Abdullateef I. , Ezurike Precious U. , Soluoku Talha K. , Isiabor Happy , Alli‐oluwafuyi Abdulmusawwir A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionLead is the most used nonphysiological neurotoxic heavy metal in the world that has been indicated to interfere with the cognitive and noncognitive processes via numerous mechanisms. The neuroprotective effect of melatonin is well known, but the effect of its interaction with lead in the brain remains inconclusive.ObjectiveTo assess the therapeutic role of melatonin on cognitive deficit, anxiety and depressive‐like symptoms in matured male Wistar rats exposed to a subchronic lead chloride (PbCl2).MethodsTwenty male Wistar rats were blindly randomized into four groups (n = 5/group): group 1 to 4 underwent intragastric administration of physiological saline (10 ml/kg; vehicle), PbCl2 (50 mg/kg), melatonin (10 mg/kg) and PbCl2 + melatonin respectively for a period of 4 weeks during which neurobehavioral data were extracted, followed by neurochemical and histopathological evaluations.ResultsExposure to PbCl2 reduced cognitive performance by increasing the escape latency and average proximity to the platform zone border, decreasing average path length in the platform zone, cognitive score, and time spent in probing. It raised the thigmotaxis percentage, time spent in rearing, number of pellet‐like feces, and time spent in the dark compartment of a bright/dark box which are predictors of anxiety. It also induced depressive‐like behavior as immobility time was enhanced. PbCl2 deranged neurochemicals; malondialdehyde, interlukin‐1β, and tumor necrotic factor‐α were increased while superoxide dismutase and acetylcholinesterase were decreased without remarkable alteration in reduced glutathione and nitric oxide. Administration of PbCl2 further disrupted neuronal settings of hippocampal proper and dentate gyrus. In contrast, the supplementation of melatonin reversed all the neurological consequences of PbCl2 neurotoxicity by eliciting its properties against oxidative and nonoxidative action of PbCl2.ConclusionThese findings suggest that melatonin down‐regulates neurotoxicant interplays in the brain systems. Therefore, this study suggests the use of melatonin as an adjuvant therapy in neuropathological disorders/dysfunctions.
Test‐retest and time dependent variation and diagnostic values of vibratory sensation determined by biothesiometer and the Rydel‐Seiffer tuning fork
Authors: Wittenberg Bolette , Svendsen Toke K. , Gaist Laura M. , Itani Mustapha , Gylfadottir Sandra S. , Jensen Troels S. , Gaist David , Sindrup Søren H. , Krøigård Thomas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsPolyneuropathy is a common neurological disorder with many potential causes. An essential part in screening, diagnosis, and follow‐up evaluation of polyneuropathy is testing of the sensory function including vibratory sensation. The graduated Rydel‐Seiffer tuning fork and the biothesiometer have been developed to quantify vibratory sensation through detection thresholds. The aim of this study is to compare the vibration detection thresholds determined by the two instruments regarding intraindividual temporal changes, interindividual variation in healthy subjects and comparison of the diagnostic value in patients with a clinical suspicion of polyneuropathy.MethodsNinety‐four healthy subjects, 98 patients with and 97 patients without a diagnosis of polyneuropathy were included. Quantitative sensory testing including biothesiometry, structured clinical examination, and nerve conduction studies were performed three times during 52 weeks in healthy subjects and once in patients.ResultsThere were no significant changes over time for neither the Rydel‐Seiffer tuning fork nor the biothesiometer, and both had larger between‐subject variation than within‐subject variation. Relative intertrial variability was largest for the biothesiometer. Diagnostic value (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value) was moderate for both methods (Rydel‐Seiffer tuning fork: 58%, 74%, 70%, 64%; biothesiometer: 47%, 77%, 68%, 59%).InterpretationThe Rydel‐Seiffer tuning fork and the biothesiometer have a low test‐retest and time dependent variation. They perform almost equally as diagnostic tools in patients with suspected polyneuropathy with a tendency toward better performance of the tuning fork.
Proton radiotherapy for recurrent or metastatic sarcoma with palliative quad shot
Authors: Lee Anna , Kang Jung J. , Bernstein Havah , Marqueen Kathryn E. , Neal Brian , Kelly Ciara M. , Dickson Mark A. , Jillian Tsai Chiaojung , Tap William , Singer Samuel , Alektiar Kaled , Lee Nancy Y. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPatients with previously treated, recurrent or metastatic sarcomas who have progressed on multiples lines of systemic therapy may have limited options for local control. We evaluated outcomes of palliative proton therapy with the quad shot regimen to unresectable disease for patients with recurrent and/or metastatic sarcoma. From 2014 to 2018, 28 patients with recurrent or metastatic sarcomas were treated to 40 total sites with palliative proton RT with quad shot (14.8 Gy/4 twice daily). Outcomes included toxicity, ability to receive further systemic therapy, and subjective palliative response. Univariate analysis was performed for local progression‐free survival (LPFS) and overall survival (OS). Of the 40 total sites, 25 (62.5%) received ≥3 cycles with median follow up of 12 months (IQR 4–19). The most common histologies were GIST (9; 22.5%) and leiomyosarcoma (7; 17.5%). A total of 27 (67.5%) sites were located in the abdomen or pelvis. Seventeen (42.5%) treatments involved concurrent systemic therapy and 13 (32.5%) patients received further systemic therapy following proton therapy. Overall subjective palliative response was 70%. Median LPFS was 11 months and 6‐month LPFS was 66.1%. On univariate analysis, receipt of four cycles of quad shot (HR 0.06, p = 0.02) and receipt of systemic therapy after completion of radiation therapy (HR 0.17, p = 0.02) were associated with improved LPFS. Three grade 3 acute toxicities were observed. The proton quad shot regimen serves as a feasible alternative for patients with previously treated, recurrent or metastatic sarcomas where overall treatment options may be limited.
Counsellors' experiences of the use of mindfulness in the treatment of depression and anxiety: An interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: McCabe Rebecca , Day Elizabeth 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe current study explores counsellors’ experiences of their integration of mindfulness into the treatment of their clients for depression and anxiety.MethodFive counsellors participated in semi‐structured interviews, which were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis to identify how the use of mindfulness in therapy was experienced and understood by participants.ResultsThe analysis produced six themes: the benefits of mindfulness for clients, the client's role in the success of mindfulness, the integrity of practice, using mindfulness in therapy, mindfulness techniques and the responsibility of a mindfulness practitioner. A description of these themes and related subordinate themes is presented, with analysis of the findings in relation to the literature.RecommendationsPractice implications include that present‐moment awareness is the cornerstone of mindfulness and that this can be practised and taught; that a counsellor's establishment of a personal mindfulness practice significantly supports their effective integration of mindfulness interventions in the clinical space; and that a client's sustained practice of mindfulness beyond the clinical space is indicative of a reduction of the frequency and intensity of depressive and anxious symptomology.The level of a counsellor's training and experience in mindfulness is found to be an important factor in the effectiveness of the use of mindfulness as a clinical intervention. This supports a case at policy level for the uptake of a mindfulness competencies framework for counselling trainees—including minimum duration of personal practice—in the service of greater consistency and accountability in the delivery of mindfulness techniques in the clinical space.
The appropriate use criteria: Improvements for its integration into real world clinical practice
Authors: Klein Lloyd W , Tamis‐Holland Jacqueline , Kirtane Ajay J , Anderson H Vernon , Cigarroa Joaquin , Duffy Peter L , Blankenship James , Valentine C. Michael , Welt Frederick GP ,   For The AUC Workgroup of the ISLC Endorsed by the Interventional Section Leadership Council, American College of Cardiology
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this position statement is to suggest ways in which future appropriate use criteria (AUC) for coronary revascularization might be restructured to: (1) incorporate improvement in quality of life and angina relief as primary goals of therapy, (2) integrate the findings of recent trials into quality appraisal, (3) employ the combined information of the coronary angiogram and invasive physiologic measurements together with the results of stress test imaging to assess risk, and (4) recognize the essential role that patient preference plays in making individualized therapeutic decisions. The AUC is a valuable tool within the quality assurance process; it is vital that interventionists ensure that percutaneous coronary intervention case selection is both evidence‐based and patient oriented. Appropriate patient selection is an important quality indicator and adherence to evidence‐based practice should be one metric in a portfolio of process and outcome indicators that measure quality.
Intravascular lithotripsy for treatment of calcific coronary lesions in ST elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Cosgrove Claudia , Hanratty Colm G , Hill Jonathan M , Mahadevan Kalaivani , Mailey Jonathan , McEntegart Margaret , O'Kane Peter , Sidik Novalia , Strange Julian W , Walsh Simon J , Wilson Simon , Yeoh Julian , Spratt James C 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsTo describe the utility and safety of intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) in the setting of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).Methods and resultsWe performed a retrospective analysis, across six UK sites of all patients in whom IVL was used for coronary calcium modification of the culprit lesion during primary PCI for STEMI. The 72 patients were included. IVL was used in de‐novo culprit lesions in 57 (79%) of cases and culprit in‐stent restenoses in 11 (15%) of cases. In four cases (6%) it was used in a newly deployed stent when this was under‐expanded due to inadequate calcium modification. Of the 30 cases in which intracoronary imaging was available for stent analysis, the average stent expansion was 104%. Intra‐procedural stent thrombosis occurred in one case (1%), and no‐reflow in three cases (4%). The 30 day MACE rates were 18%.ConclusionIVL appears to be feasible and safe for use in the treatment of calcific coronary artery disease in the setting of STEMI.
Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis or ischemic cerebrovascular disease?
Authors: Eran Ayelet , Kaidar‐Person Orit 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA lung cancer patient suspected to have leptomeningeal carcinomatosis was referred for radiation. A careful evaluation of the MRI by a neuroradiologist revealed multiple brain infarcts. Multidisciplinary meetings are important for patient's case.
Dual Anti‐Sintering Mechanism of Highly Stable CaO‐Based Sorbent and Enhanced Kinetics
Authors: Li Mingchun , Yu Fuyuan , Ren Long , Li Laishi , Wu Yusheng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe CO2 capture performance of calcium‐based sorbents usually reduced rapidly after only a few cycles. A simple and economical method for the preparation of CaO sorbents based on natural limestone with high cyclic stability and dual anti‐sintering mechanism is introduced. After 30 cycles, the limestone‐derived sorbents with 12.5 wt % MgO loading show about 180 % higher carbonation conversion together with a nearly six times faster rate of CO2 sorption in the diffusion‐controlled step, compared to unmodified samples. The incorporating MgO using magnesium basic carbonate can partially dissolve into CaO during multiple cycles and enrich the roughened surface layer of regenerated CaO, producing abundant diffusion channels in the carbonate layer and faster carbonation rate in the diffusion‐controlled step.
Mechanistic Elucidation of Dimer Formation and Strategies for Its Suppression in Electrochemical Reduction of Fac‐Mn(bpy)(CO)3Br
Authors: Rønne Magnus H. , Madsen Monica R. , Skrydstrup Troels , Pedersen Steen U. , Daasbjerg Kim 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDevelopment of new catalytic approaches for reduction of small molecules is an aspiring technology to alleviate increasing energy demands without use of fossil fuels. One of the most promising molecular catalysts for reduction of CO2 is fac‐Mn(bpy)(CO)3Br (bpy=2,2’‐bipyridine). In this work, the mechanism of electrochemical reduction of this complex is elucidated using cyclic voltammetry along with digital simulations. It is revealed that the dimer complex, Mn2(bpy)2(CO)6, is not, as often assumed, formed by dimerization of the singly reduced manganese complex, [Mn(bpy)(CO)3]., but instead from its reduction to [Mn(bpy)(CO)3]−, followed by further reaction with Mn(bpy)(CO)3Br (rate constant=1.75×105 M−1 s−1). On the basis of cyclic voltammetry, infrared‐spectroelectrochemistry, and 1H NMR spectroscopy, we establish that this parent‐child reaction involving Mn(bpy)(CO)3Br as electrophile can be diverted by adding either acids or iodomethane as substituting electrophiles. This demonstrates that [Mn(bpy)(CO)3]−, which is the central catalyst for CO2 reduction, can be formed at less extreme potentials than previously believed by suppressing the parent‐child reaction.