bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electroporation-Mediated Gene Transfer that Targets Glomeruli
Authors: TSUJIE MICHIKO , ISAKA YOSHITAKA , NAKAMURA HIROYUKI , IMAI ENYU , HORI MASATSUGU 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.
Electroporation has been applied to introducing DNA into several organs; however, gene expression was localized around the injected area. Examined was the efficiency of intrarenal injection of DNA followed by in vivo electroporation, using FITC-labeled oligodeoxynucleotides (FITC-ODN) and plasmid DNA expressing β-galactosidase or luciferase. FITC-ODN or expression vectors were injected into the left renal artery; thereafter, the left kidney was electroporated between a pair of tweezer-type electrodes. FITC-ODN were transferred into all glomeruli, and transfected cells were identified as mesangial cells. Four d after transfection of the pCAGGS-LacZ gene, β-galactosidase expression was observed in 75% of glomeruli. To compare the transfection efficacy by electroporation with that by the hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ) liposome method, a luciferase reporter gene, pActLuc, was transferred into glomeruli by either electroporation or the HVJ liposome method. On day 4, electroporation resulted in higher glomerular luciferase activity than did the HVJ liposome method. We also observed that co-transfection of pcEBNA, an expression vector for Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen, and poriP-cLuc, oriP-harboring vector, resulted in an eightfold higher luciferase gene expression than simple poriP-cLuc. No histologic damages were seen in glomeruli or tubular epithelial cells. In conclusion, gene transfer into renal artery followed by electroporation was an effective and simple strategy for gene transfer that targets glomerular mesangial cells.
Cell Proliferation in the Loop of Henle in the Developing Rat Kidney
Authors: CHA JUNG-HO , KIM YOUNG-HEE , JUNG JU-YOUNG , HAN KI-HWAN , MADSEN KIRSTEN M. , KIM JIN 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.
In the developing rat kidney, there is no separation of the medulla into an outer and inner zone. At the time of birth, ascending limbs with immature distal tubule epithelium are present throughout the renal medulla, all loops of Henle resemble the short loop of adult animals, and there are no ascending thin limbs. It was demonstrated previously that immature thick ascending limbs in the renal papilla are transformed into ascending thin limbs by apoptotic deletion of cells and transformation of the remaining cells into a thin squamous epithelium. However, it is not known whether this is the only source of ascending thin limb cells or whether cell proliferation occurs in the segment undergoing transformation. This study was designed to address these questions and to identify sites of cell proliferation in the loop of Henle. Rat pups, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 d old, received a single injection of 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) 18 h before preservation of kidneys for immunohistochemistry. Thick ascending and descending limbs were identified by labeling with antibodies against the serotonin receptor, 5-HT1A, and aquaporin-1, respectively. Proliferating cells were identified with an antibody against BrdU. BrdU-positive cells in descending and ascending limbs of the loop of Henle were counted and expressed as percentages of the total number of aquaporin-1—positive and 5-HT1A—positive cells in the different segments. In the developing kidney, numerous BrdU-positive nuclei were observed in the nephrogenic zone. Outside of this location, BrdU-positive tubule cells were most prevalent in medullary rays in the inner cortex and in the outer medulla. BrdU-labeled cells were rare in the papillary portion of the loop of Henle and were not observed in the lower half of the papilla after 3 d of age. BrdU-labeled nuclei were not observed in segments undergoing transformation or in newly formed ascending thin limb epithelium. It was concluded that the growth zone for the loop of Henle is located around the corticomedullary junction, and the ascending thin limb is mainly, if not exclusively, derived from cells of the thick ascending limb.
Impaired Angiogenesis in the Remnant Kidney Model
Authors: KANG DUK-HEE , JOLY ALISON H. , OH SE-WOONG , HUGO CHRISTIAN , KERJASCHKI DONTSCHO , GORDON KATHERINE L. , MAZZALI MARILDA , JEFFERSON J. ASHLEY , HUGHES JEREMY , MADSEN KIRSTEN M. , SCHREINER GEORGE F. , JOHNSON RICHARD J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.
Few studies have examined the role of the microvasculature in progressive renal disease. It was hypothesized that impaired angiogenesis might occur in the diseased kidney and could contribute to renal scarring. Progressive renal disease was induced in rats by 5/6 renal ablation and those rats were compared with sham-operated control animals at multiple time points, for examination of changes in the microvasculature and the expression of angiogenic factors. An early angiogenic response was documented in remnant kidneys, with increases in the proliferation of peritubular (1 wk) and glomerular (2 wk) endothelial cells. Subsequently, however, there was a decrease in endothelial cell proliferation, which was reduced to levels below those of sham-treated animals, in conjunction with interstitial expression of the antiangiogenic factor thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) and decreased tubular expression of the proangiogenic factor vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Both the increase in TSP-1 expression and the loss of VEGF expression were correlated with capillary loss and the development of glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis. Progressive macrophage infiltration was correlated both spatially and quantitatively with the sites of absent or diminished VEGF expression. In addition, macrophage-associated cytokines (interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α) inhibited VEGF mRNA expression and protein secretion by cultured tubular epithelial cells of the medullary thick ascending limb, under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Impaired angiogenesis characterizes the remnant kidney model and is correlated with progression. The impaired angiogenesis may be mediated by alterations in the renal expression of TSP-1 and VEGF, with the latter being regulated by macrophage-associated cytokines.
Long-Term Effects of Arterial Stenting on Kidney Functionfor Patients with Ostial Atherosclerotic Renal Artery Stenosis and Renal Insufficiency
Authors: BEUTLER JAAP J. , VAN AMPTING JACOBINE M. A. , VEN PETER J. G. VAN DE , KOOMANS HEIN A. , BEEK FREDERIK J. A. , WOITTIEZ AREND-JAN J. , MALI WILLEM P. T. M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.
It is uncertain whether renal artery stent placement in patients with atherosclerotic renovascular renal failure can prevent further deterioration of renal function. Therefore, the effects of renal artery stent placement, followed by patency surveillance, were prospectively studied in 63 patients with ostial atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis and renal dysfunction (i.e., serum creatinine concentrations of >120 μmol/L (median serum creatinine concentration, 171 μmol/L; serum creatinine concentration range, 121 to 650 μmol/L). Pre-stent renal (dys) function was stable for 28 patients and declining for 35 patients (defined as a serum creatinine concentration increase of ≥20% in 12 mo). The median follow-up period was 23 mo (interquartile range, 13 to 29 mo). Angioplasty to treat restenosis was performed in 12 cases. Five patients reached end-stage renal failure within 6 mo, and this was related to stent placement in two cases. Two other patients died or were lost to follow-up monitoring within 6 mo, with stable renal function. For the remaining 56 patients, the treatment had no effect on serum creatinine levels if function had previously been stable; if function had been declining, median serum creatinine concentrations improved in the first 1 yr [from 182 μmol/L (135 to 270 μmol/L) to 154 μmol/L (127 to 225 μmol/L); P < 0.05] and remained stable during further follow-up monitoring. In conclusion, stent placement, followed by patency surveillance, to treat ostial atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis can stabilize declining renal function. For patients with stable renal dysfunction, the usefulness is less clear. The possible advantages must be weighed against the risk of renal failure advancement with stent placement.
Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Autoantibody—Associated Glomerulonephritis in Children
Authors: HATTORI MOTOSHI , KURAYAMA HIDEAKI , KOITABASHI YASUSHI 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.
A retrospective investigation was conducted by members of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Nephrology from 1990 to 1997 to define the clinical features and outcome of antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated glomerulonephritis in children. Thirty-four ANCA-seropositive Japanese pediatric patients with biopsy-proven pauci-immune necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis were identified. Of these, 3 cases associated with Wegener's granulomatosis were excluded because of the small sample size. Among the 31 patients studied, 10 had a diagnosis of necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis alone and 21 had microscopic polyangiitis. Females predominated (87%), and the median age at onset was 12 yr. Twenty-six patients received treatment with cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids, and five patients received treatment with corticosteroids alone; 84% of patients achieved remission, and 39% of responders relapsed in a median of 24 mo. ANCA titers correlated with response to treatment and disease activity, with some exceptions. Patients were followed for a median of 42 mo (range, 3 to 96 mo). Nine of 31 patients (29.0%) progressed to end-stage renal disease, 6 (19.4%) had reduced renal function, and 15 (48.4%) had normal renal function at the last observation. One patient (3.2%) died from cytomegalovirus infection 3 mo after initiation of therapy. Life-table analysis showed 75% renal survival at 39 mo. Patients who subsequently developed end-stage renal disease (n = 9) had significantly higher average peak serum creatinine levels and more chronic pathologic lesions at diagnosis compared with patients with favorable renal outcome (n = 15). In conclusion, our clinical experience suggests that the clinical disease spectrum of ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis is similar in pediatric and adult patients, but there is a female predominance in children.
Dynamic Changes of the Total Pore Area Available for Peritoneal Exchange in Children
Authors: FISCHBACH MICHEL , HARALDSSON BO[Combining Diaeresis]RJE 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.
The most important of the parameters that describe exchange across the peritoneal membrane is the total pore area over diffusion distance (A0/Δx). It determines the rate of diffusion and mainly seems to reflect the number of capillaries available for exchange. In the present study, a simplified three-pore analysis was used to estimate A0/Δx from peritoneal equilibration tests. Two groups of children (mean age, 9.5 yr) who were on chronic peritoneal dialysis underwent studies with peritoneal equilibration tests. In the first group of children, three levels of fill volumes were used in each patient. In the second group of patients, the effects of posture and dwell time were analyzed from four consecutive peritoneal dialysis samples obtained after 15, 30, 60, and 90 min. As the fill volume was raised from 800 to 1400 ml/m2 BSA, the steady-state A0/Δx increased significantly by 21%, i.e., from 19,900 ± 1200 to 24,000 ± 1450 cm2/cm per 1.73 m2 (n = 8). A further increase to 2000 ml/m2 did not result in any change of A0/Δx. Moreover, steady-state A0/Δx fell significantly when the patients were standing, 21,900 ± 1400 compared with 29,400 ± 1330 cm2/cm per 1.73m2 (n = 6) obtained in the supine position. There was a transient (<30 min) increase in A0/Δx initially during the dwell, probably reflecting vasodilation and recruitment of capillaries. It is concluded that factors such as the intraperitoneal fill volume, posture, and dwell time all dynamically affect the total pore area available for exchange.
Mutations in theCOL4A4 and COL4A3 Genes Cause Familial Benign Hematuria
Authors: Badenas Ce[Combining Grave Accent]lia , Praga Manuel , Tazón Bárbara , Heidet Laurence , Arrondel Christelle , Armengol Anna , Andrés Amado , Morales Enrique , Camacho Juan Antonio , Lens Xose , Dávila Sonia , Mila[Combining Grave Accent] Montse , Antignac Corinne , Darnell Alejandro , Torra Roser 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT.
Familial benign hematuria (FBH) is a common autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the presence of persistent or recurrent hematuria. The clinical and pathologic features of this syndrome resemble those of early Alport syndrome (AS), and for this reason a common molecular defect has been proposed. The COL4A3/4 genes seem to be involved in both autosomal AS and FBH. This study involves a linkage analysis for the COL4A3/4 loci and a search for mutations within these genes in 11 biopsy-proven FBH families. Haplotype analysis showed that linkage to the COL4A3/4 locus could not be excluded in eight of nine families. One family was not linked to this locus; however, it included three affected women who could be X-linked AS carriers. Two families were too small to perform linkage analysis. COL4A3 and COL4A4 mutation screening disclosed six new pathogenic mutations, two in the COL4A3 gene (G985V and G1015E) and four in the COL4A4 gene (3222insA, IVS23-1G>C, 31del11, and G960R). It is the first time that mutations within the COL4A3 gene are described in families with FBH. This study clearly demonstrates the main role of the COL4A4 and COL4A3 genes in the pathogenesis of FBH.
PEDAGOGIA CRÍTICA: POR UMA EPISTEMOLOGIA CRÍTICA E INSURGENTE
Authors: Franco Maria Amelia Santoro , Mota Guadalupe Correa , Silva Lisley Gomes 
Published: April 2021

RESUMOEste artigo, tecido sob forma de um ensaio crítico, pautado em pesquisas anteriores dos autores, pretende responder às seguintes questões de pesquisa: que outra racionalidade, para além da técnica-instrumental, ainda é possível à Pedagogia? Em reverberação às transformações do contexto contemporâneo, ainda se pergunta: quais novas urgências interpelam a Pedagogia e quais insurgências são demandadas para a reinterpretação de seu estatuto epistemológico? O artigo teve por finalidade buscar uma reinterpretação epistemológica crítica da pedagogia, repercutindo as novas urgências postas à prática escolar que nos induzem a pensar em uma pedagogia para a vida e para os acontecimentos na vida. Considerou-se como resultado, que essas demandas para a pedagogia deverão circular em torno de quatro princípios insurgentes que lhe darão o caráter de criticidade: a antropo-ontologia, a epistemologia, as práticas e os poderes. Com base nos fundamentos da Pedagogia Crítica de Freire e ainda nas reflexões decorrentes das Epistemologias do Sul, considerou-se como as necessárias insurgências para reafirmar as bases da epistemologia crítica da pedagogia: a imaginação criativa como ato de resistência; a organização de práticas para visibilizar os invisibilizados, construindo solidariamente espaços de diálogo e presença; a construção de processos pedagógicos de inclusão de outras práticas educativas; abertura de espaços para práticas dialógicas e problematizadoras; e o fortalecimento de práticas de resistências à lógica neoliberal. Finalmente, aposta-se que a Pedagogia seja a ciência que fundamentará processos críticos de ensinar e aprender em espaços escolares e não-escolares.
ESTUDOS SOBRE FORMAR-SE PEDAGOGO NO CURSO NOTURNO A PARTIR DO ESTÁGIO SUPERVISIONADO: O ESTADO DA QUESTÃO
Authors: Pereira André Leandro dos Santos , Lima Maria Socorro Lucena 
Published: April 2021

Neste artigo, busca-se contextualizar o Estágio Supervisionado no Curso Noturno de Pedagogia. Damos ênfase ao Estágio, assumindo a centralidade em nossa discussão investigativa, por ser um tema que, embora seja ratificado um expressivo número de estudos significativos nesta área desde os anos de 1990 vem suscitando preocupações no campo da formação do pedagogo. Partindo desse pressuposto, elegemos como grande questão desta investigação: Quais as possibilidades e limitações do desenvolvimento do estágio supervisionado no curso de pedagogia no período noturno? Temos por objetivo trazer o Estado da Questão (EQ) sobre o nosso objeto de investigação, que tem por finalidade: Compreender as possibilidades e limitações do desenvolvimento do estágio supervisionado no curso de Pedagogia no período noturno. Buscamos construir o mapa da produção científica relativo a trabalhos publicados relacionados à nossa temática de investigação. A finalidade é conhecer o que existe publicado no campo atual da ciência ao nosso alcance. Os resultados da pesquisa evidenciam a importância da produção do EQ, pois além de ter-nos oportunizado conhecer o que está sendo investigado sobre as temáticas referentes ao nosso objeto, nos evidenciou a contribuição da nossa pesquisa para o campo do conhecimento sobre Formar-se Pedagogo no curso noturno um olhar sobre o estágio supervisionado.
Russian Legal Mentality: Experience of Reconstruction and Representation of the Phenomenon of "Snitch" meaning "Abuse of Procedural Rights" (Based on the Materials of Russian Legislation of the 17th-19th Centuries)
Authors: Gavrilov S. N. 
Published: April 2021

Historical science shows a growing interest in the study of images of the past, images of historical reality; the reconstruction of mentalities is becoming a priority in the field of historical knowledge. The paper aims at finding (developing) methodological tools for a retrospective study of the legal mentality, as well as its subsequent representation.Historians and legal theorists are paying more and more attention to the process of forming concepts and relevant terminology. At the same time, the "supraconceptual field", namely the field of images, contains a significant potential for both reconstruction and representation of mentalities and historical phenomena (events). The concept itself is only one of the triggers forming images associated with it and partly generated by it. Legal concepts are the object of linguoculturology of law as one of its branches. At the same time, the author believes that the historical legal science should more actively use the appropriate scientific tools on an interdisciplinary basis. In terms of the reconstruction of legal phenomena, their image will help to study the phenomena that are immersed in the mentality of the corresponding era in a more systematic and comprehensive manner. In terms of the representation of legal phenomena, a well-chosen image recognizable by the recipient of the results of legal historical research can serve as a relay of "contextually packed" information (with elements of both rational and evaluative or emotional information) about a legal historical phenomenon.The paper attempts to reconstruct and represent the phenomenon of a "snitch" in the sense of "abuse of procedural rights" by means of a chronotropic, figurative model. The reconstructive and representational model is based on the image symbol of the trial as "roads-paths-tracksways" and snitches are considered as a "path".
Income Losses and Subjective Well-Being: Gender and Ethnic Inequalities during the Covid-19 Lockdown Period in the UK
Authors: Giovanis Eleftherios 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
COVID-19 has become a global health pandemic forcing governments introducing unprecedented steps to contain the spread of the virus. On the 23rd of March, 2020, the UK government addressed the nation to announce extraordinary measures as a response to slow down the spread of the coronavirus, which have influenced the well-being and finances of millions of people. As a result people had to make difficult adjustments and to follow different coping strategies in order to respond to income losses. The main objective of this study is to examine the impact of various coping strategies, due to the lockdown measures, on the respondents’ subjective well-being by gender and ethnic background. We apply a difference-in-differences framework using data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS) combined with the UKHLS COVID-19 survey conducted in April 2020. Furthermore, using the Life Satisfaction Approach (LSA), we estimate the well-being costs of the coping strategies adopted that denote the amount required to revert individual’s well-being into the levels were before Covid-19 period. The results show that coping strategies with the earning losses have a significant detrimental impact on well-being and the related costs range between £250-3,500, which are significantly varied by gender and ethnic group.JEL Classification: C1, I14, I31
A Novel Approach to MADM Problems Using Fermatean Fuzzy Hamacher Prioritized Aggregation Operators
Authors: Jan Asmatullah , Khan Asghar , Khan Waqar , Afridi Minhaj 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A generalized form of union and intersection on FFS can be formulated from a generalized t-norm (TN) and t-conorm (TCN). Hamacher operations such as Hamacher product and Hamacher sum, are good alternatives to produce such product and sum. The Hamacher operations can generate more flexible and more accurate results in decision making process due to the working parameter involved in these operations. The intuitionistic fuzzy set, brifely as; IFS and its extension involving Pythagorean fuzzy set (PFS) and Fermatean fuzzy set (FFS), are all effective tools to express uncertain and incomplete cognitive information with membership, nonmembership and hesitancy degrees. The Fermatean fuzzy set (FF-set) carries out uncertain and imprecise information smartly in exercising decision-making than IFS and PFS. By adjusting the prioritization of attributes in FF-environment, in this course of this article, we first device new operations on FF information using prioritized attributes and by employing HTN and HTCN, we discuss the basic operations. Induced by the Hamacher operations and FF-set, we propose FF Hamacher arithmetic and also geometric aggregation operators (AOs). In the first section, we introduce the concepts of an FF Hamacher prioritized AO, and FF Hamacher prioritized weighted AO. In the second part, we develop FF Hamacher prioritized geometric operator (GO), and FF Hamacher prioritized weighted GO. We study essential properties and a few special cases of our newly proposed operators. Then, we make use of these proposed operators in developing tools which are key factors in solving the FF multi-attribute decision-making situations with prioritization. The university selection phenomena is considered as a direct application for analysis and to demonstrate the practicality and efficacy of our proposed model. The working parameter considered in these AOs is analyzed in different existing and proposed AOs. Further, comparison analysis is conducted for the authenticity of proposed & existing operators.
Relaxed Inertial Fixed Point Method for Infinite Family of Averaged Quasi-Nonexpansive Mapping with Applications to Sparse Signal Recovery
Authors: Shehu Yekini , Dong Qiao-Li , Hu Ziyue , Yao Jen-Chih 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
It is known that several optimization problems can be converted to a fixed point problem for which the underline fixed point operator is an averaged quasi-nonexpansive mapping and thus the corresponding fixed point method utilize to solve the considered optimization problem. In this paper, we consider a fixed point method involving inertial extrapolation step with relaxation parameter to obtain a common fixed point of a countable family of averaged quasi-nonexpansive mappings in real Hilbert spaces. Our results bring a unification of several versions of fixed point methods for averaged quasi-nonexpansive mappings considered in the literature and give several implications of our results. We also give some applications to monotone inclusion problem with three-operator splitting method and composite convex and non-convex relaxed inertial proximal methods to solve both convex and nonconvex reweighted $l_Q$ regularization for recovering a sparse signal. Finally, some numerical experiments are drawn from sparse signal recovery to illustrate our theoretical results.