bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of a mobile technology-based intervention for increasing parents’ safety knowledge and actions: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: McKenzie Lara B. , Roberts Kristin J. , McAdams Rebecca J. , Abdel-Rasoul Mahmoud , Kristel Orie , Szymanski Alison , Keim Sarah A. , Shields Wendy C. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Leading causes of unintentional child injury such as poisoning and falls are preventable, and the majority occur in the home. Numerous home safety interventions have been developed and tested to increase safety behaviors; however, no smart phone-based applications (apps) have been developed and evaluated for this purpose. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether a mobile technology-based health behavior change intervention, the Make Safe Happen® app, was an effective tool to increase safety knowledge and safety actions/behaviors for the prevention of child unintentional injuries in and around the home.

Methods
Data were collected in pretest and posttest online surveys from an existing nationwide population-based survey panel. Intervention subjects were randomized to organically (participant-driven) use the Make Safe Happen® app for 1 week, which provided home safety information and the ability to purchase safety products, while control participants were assigned to download and use an app about a topic other than home safety. The primary outcomes of safety knowledge and home safety actions were assessed by using linear mixed model regressions with intention-to-treat analyses.

Results
A total of 5032 participants were randomized to either the intervention (n = 4182) or control (n = 850) group, with 2055 intervention participants downloading and entering their participant IDs into the Make Safe Happen® app. The online posttest survey was completed by 770 intervention and 283 control subjects. Mean knowledge parent safety score increased at a greater rate for intervention than control subjects (p < 0.0001), and at posttest was significantly higher for intervention than control subjects (p < 0.0001). The percentage of intervention subjects who reported doing all one-time and repeated safety actions significantly increased from pretest to posttest (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0001, respectively), but there was no change among the control subjects (p = 0.1041 and p = 0.9755, respectively). At posttest, this percentage was larger for intervention than control subjects only for repeated safety actions (p = 0.0340).

Conclusions
The mobile application significantly improved safety knowledge and safety actions for participants using the Make Safe Happen® app, although loss to follow-up was a limitation. The results of this study indicate the usefulness of widespread distribution and use of the Make Safe Happen® app.
Trial registration numberNCT02751203; Registered April 26, 2016.
A randomised controlled feasibility trial of music-assisted language telehealth intervention for minimally verbal autistic children—the MAP study protocol
Authors: Williams Tim I. , Loucas Tom , Sin Jacqueline , Jeremic Mirjana , Aslett Georgia , Knight Melissa , Fincham-Majumdar Sara , Liu Fang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
About 30% of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) do not develop functional speech and remain non-verbal or minimally verbal even after years of speech, language and educational interventions. A wide range of interventions have been developed for improving communication in ASD, but none have proved effective in eliciting functional language in ASD children. Research has found that people with ASD are more likely to have perfect pitch and prefer music to language. Further, it seems that language delay tends to co-occur with better musical skills. Brain imaging research has found that music alongside words increases the attention that people with ASD pay to spoken words.

Methods
In this protocol, we describe our music-assisted programmes (MAP) that will use music to attract the attention of people with ASD to speech. MAP may open the brain pathways to language and therefore help improve communication skills for people with ASD more than standard communication protocols. In particular, we aim to develop and test whether individualised, easily used MAP would increase spoken language in 24–60-month-old, nonverbal or minimally verbal children with ASD. We will develop a structured training method, delivered through naturalistic, interactive activities (e.g. songs) to teach language to ASD children. We will test this by comparing two groups: one undertaking music-assisted programmes, and the other receiving speech and language therapy in the way that is recommended in NHS clinics. Participants will be allocated to groups randomly. The feasibility of MAP will be assessed through estimations of recruitment and retention rates, the sensitivity and reliability of the outcome measures, the intensity and frequency of the trial, the usability of the MAP app (beta version), and the burden of the assessments for the children and parents.

Discussion
This feasibility randomised controlled trial will establish the acceptability and estimate the power of the MAP intervention to improve early word learning in children with ASD. In the longer term, this research will help us develop an app for parents or carers of children with ASD to design their own songs and implement their own individualised MAP.

Trial registration
ISRCTN, ISRCTN12536062. Registered on 26 June 2019.
Retrospective study about the postoperative stability of zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture
Authors: Yang Seoghwan , Cho Jin-yong , Shim Woo-chul , Kim Sungbeom 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study is to evaluate the postoperative stability of zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures according to the number of fixation sites and to investigate the direction of postoperative displacement of the unfixed part of the fractured segment.

Methods
This study was retrospectively performed on 38 patients who were treated by open reduction and internal fixation of ZMC fractures and were taken postoperative computed tomography (CT) between February 2012 and July 2019. The patients were classified into 3 groups: 1-point fixation, 2-point fixation, 3-point fixation according to the number of fixations. The postoperative displacement of the fractured segment was evaluated by the superimposition between postoperative CT and follow-up CT, and the postoperative stability according to the fixation sites was investigated through the amount of postoperative displacement. In addition, it was investigated in which direction the location of the fractured segment was changed in the unfixed fractured segment according to the fixation sites.

Results
The amount of postoperative displacement of the fractured segment was 0.75 ± 1.18 mm on average.
In the postoperative displacement of the distal area according to the number of fixation of the fracture, there was no statistically significant difference in the amount of displacement of the fracture (p = 0.574).
As for the direction of the change in the location of the fractured segment, 12 patients among 38 patients with the change in the location of the fractured segment were investigated, and the displacement in the medial direction (n = 11, 91.67%) was the most common in all three fixation methods.

Conclusion
In patients with a ZMC fracture who were treated by open reduction and internal fixation, the number of fixations did not make the difference in the postoperative displacement of the fracture. In addition, the fractured segment mainly changes in the medial direction after surgery, and this fact can be used as a reference for the reduction direction during surgery for the stable prognosis.
Pipeline therapies for neovascular age related macular degeneration
Authors: Arepalli Sruthi , Kaiser Peter K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAge related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of vision loss in the elderly population. Neovascular AMD comprises 10% of all cases and can lead to devastating visual loss due to choroidal neovascularization (CNV). There are various cytokine pathways involved in the formation and leakage from CNV. Prior treatments have included focal laser therapy, verteporfin (Visudyne, Bausch and Lomb, Rochester, New York) ocular photodynamic therapy, transpupillary thermotherapy, intravitreal steroids and surgical excision of choroidal neovascular membranes. Currently, the major therapies in AMD focus on the VEGF-A pathway, of which the most common are bevacizumab (Avastin; Genentech, San Francisco, California), ranibizumab (Lucentis; Genentech, South San Francisco, California), and aflibercept (Eylea; Regeneron, Tarrytown, New York). Anti-VEGF agents have revolutionized our treatment of wet AMD; however, real world studies have shown limited visual improvement in patients over time, largely due to the large treatment burden. Cheaper alternatives, including ranibizumab biosimilars, include razumab (Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Ahmedabad, India), FYB 201 (Formycon AG, Munich, Germany and Bioeq Gmbh Holzkirchen, Germany), SB-11 (Samsung Bioepsis, Incheon, South Korea), xlucane (Xbrane Biopharma, Solna, Sweden), PF582 (Pfnex, San Diego, California), CHS3551 (Coherus BioSciences, Redwood City, California). Additionally, aflibercept biosimilars under development include FYB203 (Formycon AG, Munich, Germany and Bioeq Gmbh Holzkirchen, Germany), ALT-L9 (Alteogen, Deajeon, South Korea), MYL1710 (Momenta Pharamaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, and Mylan Pharmacueticals, Canonsburg, PA), CHS-2020 (Coherus BioSciences, Redwood City, California). Those in the pipeline of VEGF targets include abicipar pegol (Abicipar; Allergan, Coolock, Dublin), OPT-302 (Opthea; OPTHEA limited; Victoria, Melbourne), conbercept (Lumitin; Chengdu Kanghong Pharmaceutical Group, Chengdu, Sichuan), and KSI-301 (Kodiak Sciences, Palo Alto, CA). There are also combination medications, which target VEGF and PDGF, VEGF and tissue factor, VEGF and Tie-2, which this paper will also discuss in depth. Furthermore, long lasting depots, such as the ranibizumab port delivery system (PDS) (Genentech, San Francisco, CA), as well as others are under evaluation. Gene therapy present possible longer treatments options as well and are reviewed here. This paper will highlight the past approved medications as well as pipeline therapies for neovascular AMD.
Looking at the Future Through the Mother’s Womb: Gestational Diabetes and Offspring Fertility
Authors: Sinha Niharika , Lydia Walker Gretchen , Sen Aritro 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Altered nutrition or intrauterine exposure to various adverse conditions during fetal development or earlier in a mother’s life can lead to epigenetic changes in fetal tissues, predisposing those tissues to diseases that manifest when offspring become adults. An example is a maternal obesity associated with gestational diabetes (GDM), where fetal exposure to a hyperglycemic, hyperinsulinemic, and/or hyperlipidemic gestational environment can provoke epigenetic changes that predispose offspring to various diseased conditions later in life. While it is now well established that offspring exposed to GDM have an increased risk of developing obesity, metabolic disorders, and/or cardiovascular disease in adult life, there are limited studies assessing the reproductive health of these offspring. This mini-review discusses the long-term effect of in utero exposure to GDM-associated adverse prenatal environment on the reproductive health of the offspring. Moreover, using evidence from various animal models and human epidemiological studies, this review offers molecular insight and understanding of how epigenetic reprogramming of genes culminates in reproductive dysfunction and the development of subfertility or infertility later in adult life.
Seroprevalence and characterisation of herpes simplex virus from human immunodeficiency virus in samples collected from two provinces in South Africa: a retrospective study
Authors: Obisesan Oluwafemi Samuel , Sithebe Nomathamsanqa Patricia , Mufhandu Hazel Tumelo 
Published: October 2021

Background: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a widely distributed human pathogen that is known for its ulcerative lesions at the infection site. HSV can cause persistent infection in the host that is often followed by a period of latency within the neurons. Considering the high rate of HIV infection in South Africa, it is important to assess the seroprevalence of HSV with a focus to determine the epidemiological association between HSV-DNA and HIV-1 in the population. Methods: A total of 44 sera samples were screened for HSV and HIV-1 using the highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The ELISA positive samples were characterized using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to confirm the positivity of both viruses and to further differentiate HSV into HSV-1 and -2. Thereafter, the samples were analysed for relatedness using phylogenetic analysis. Results: Of the 44 samples, 36 (81.8%) were positive for HIV-1, while 35 (79.5%) were positive for HSV when screened with ELISA kits. The PCR results, with the use of type specific primers, showed that 4/35 (11.4%) samples were specific for HSV-1 while 30/35 (85.7%) were specific for HSV-2. Statistical analysis performed using the chi-squared goodness-of-fit test showed that there is a significant relationship between HSV-2 and HIV-1 transmission. Conclusions: The prevalence of HSV in the population is high with an increased HSV-2 infection in women. Our study shows that some of the HSV-2 isolates are not related to the clinical isolate SD90e from South Africa, suggesting diversity in HSV-2 viral transmission.
Decomposition-Based Approaches for a Class of Two-Stage Robust Binary Optimization Problems
Authors: Arslan Ayşe N. , Detienne Boris 
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we study a class of two-stage robust binary optimization problems with objective uncertainty, where recourse decisions are restricted to be mixed-binary. For these problems, we present a deterministic equivalent formulation through the convexification of the recourse-feasible region. We then explore this formulation under the lens of a relaxation, showing that the specific relaxation we propose can be solved by using the branch-and-price algorithm. We present conditions under which this relaxation is exact and describe alternative exact solution methods when this is not the case. Despite the two-stage nature of the problem, we provide NP-completeness results based on our reformulations. Finally, we present various applications in which the methodology we propose can be applied. We compare our exact methodology to those approximate methods recently proposed in the literature under the name [Formula: see text]adaptability. Our computational results show that our methodology is able to produce better solutions in less computational time compared with the [Formula: see text]adaptability approach, as well as to solve bigger instances than those previously managed in the literature. Summary of Contribution: Our manuscript describes an exact solution approach for a class of robust binary optimization problems with mixed-binary recourse and objective uncertainty. Its development reposes first on a reformulation of the problem, then a carefully constructed relaxation of this reformulation. Our solution approach is designed to exploit the two-stage and binary structure of the problem for effective resolution. In its execution, it relies on the branch-and-price algorithm and its efficient implementation. With our computational experiments, we show that our proposed exact solution method outperforms the existing approximate methodologies and, therefore, pushes the computational envelope for the class of problems considered.
Microcurrent stimulates cell proliferation and modulates cytokine release in fibroblast cells
Authors: Bravo Mariana Prado , Soares Glaciane Pozza , Daniele de Oliveira Priscila , Szezerbaty Stheacy Kelly , Frederico Regina Celia Poli , Maia Luciana Prado 
Published: October 2021

Aims:To analyse the effects of microcurrent on L929 fibroblast cell culture.Methods:Cells were cultivated in six-well plates at densities of 5×104, 1×105, 3×105and 5×105cells/well to determine the best plating density. Subsequently, two methods of current application were tested: with a paper cone coupled to the electrode (M1) and with the electrode directly inside the well (M2). Then, streams of 60µA (G60), 100µA (G100), 500µA (G500) and 900µA (G900) were applied to the cells (n=3) once a day for three minutes, for a period of one (T1), two (T2) and three days (T3). The MTT assay method was used to evaluate cell proliferation. For the quantification of the inflammatory markers by flow cytometry, the group and time that presented the best results were selected.Results:The ideal plating density was established as 1x105cells/well and M2 as the best application method. An increase in cell viability was observed at all intensities from T1 to T2, but with no significant differences. From T2 to T3, there was a decrease in viability in all groups, with a significant difference only in G500 (p<0.05). Flow cytometry was performed in the GC and G900 groups at T2. It was possible to observe an increase of 0.56pg/ml in Interleukin (IL)-17 and a decrease of 5.45pg/ml in IL-2.Conclusion:This study showed that two applications of microcurrent increases cell proliferation and modulates the inflammatory response, aiding tissue regeneration and playing a key role in rehabilitation.
Anterior versus posterior fusion surgery in idiopathic scoliosis: A comparison of health-related quality of life and radiographic outcomes in Lenke 5C curves - results from the Swedish spine registry
Authors: Charalampidis Anastasios , Möller Hans , Gerdhem Paul 
Published: October 2021

Purpose To compare health-related quality of life and radiographic outcomes in patients treated with either anterior or posterior fusion surgery for Lenke 5C type idiopathic scoliosis. Methods We used data from the Swedish spine registry and identified 59 patients with idiopathic scoliosis treated with fusion for Lenke 5C type curves; 27 patients underwent anterior surgery and 32 underwent posterior surgery. All patients had pre- and postoperative radiographic data and postoperative clinical data at a minimum of two years after surgery. Patient-reported outcomes measures included the Scoliosis Research Society (SRS)-22r, EuroQoL 5 dimensions 3 levels (EQ-5D-3L), EQ-visual analogue scale (VAS) and VAS for back pain. Radiographic assessment included measurement of the angle of the major curve, disc angulation below the lowest instrumented vertebra, curve flexibility, rate of curve correction, differences in sagittal parameters, number of fused vertebrae and length of fusion. Results The mean age at surgery was 16 years in both groups. The mean follow-up time was 3.8 years. There were no significant differences in the SRS-22r score and EQ-5D-3L index at follow-up (all p ≥ 0.2). Postoperatively, both the anterior and posterior fusion group demonstrated a significant correction of the major curve (p ≤ 0.001) with no significant difference of the correction rate between the groups (p = 0.4). The posterior fusion group had shorter operative time (p < 0.001) and higher perioperative blood loss (p = 0.004) while the anterior group had lower number of fused vertebrae (p< 0.001). Conclusion The type of surgical approach for Lenke 5C curves is not associated with differences in health-related quality of life, despite the lower number of fused vertebrae after anterior surgery. Level of Evidence III
Efficient nonlinear compression of a thin-disk oscillator to 8.5  fs at 55  W average power
Authors: Barbiero Gaia , Wang Haochuan , Graßl Martin , Gröbmeyer Sebastian , Kimbaras Džiugas , Neuhaus Marcel , Pervak Vladimir , Nubbemeyer Thomas , Fattahi Hanieh , Kling Matthias F. 
Published: October 2021

We demonstrate an efficient hybrid-scheme for nonlinear pulse compression of high-power thin-disk oscillator pulses to the sub-10 fs regime. The output of a home-built, 16 MHz, 84 W, 220 fs Yb:YAG thin-disk oscillator at 1030 nm is first compressed to 17 fs in two nonlinear multipass cells. In a third stage, based on multiple thin sapphire plates, further compression to 8.5 fs with 55 W output power and an overall optical efficiency of 65% is achieved. Ultrabroadband mid-infrared pulses covering the spectral range 2.4-

8

µ
m

were generated from these compressed pulses by intra-pulse difference frequency generation.
Short-term elevations in glucocorticoids do not alter telomere lengths: A systematic review and meta-analysis of non-primate vertebrate studies
Authors: Zane Lauren , Ensminger David C. , Vázquez-Medina José Pablo 
Published: October 2021

Background
The neuroendocrine stress response allows vertebrates to cope with stressors via the activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis, which ultimately results in the secretion of glucocorticoids (GCs). Glucocorticoids have pleiotropic effects on behavior and physiology, and might influence telomere length dynamics. During a stress event, GCs mobilize energy towards survival mechanisms rather than to telomere maintenance. Additionally, reactive oxygen species produced in response to increased GC levels can damage telomeres, also leading to telomere shortening. In our systematic review and meta-analysis, we tested whether GC levels impact telomere length and if this relationship differs among time frame, life history stage, or stressor type. We hypothesized that elevated GC levels are linked to a decrease in telomere length.

Methods
We conducted a literature search for studies investigating the relationship between telomere length and GCs in non-human vertebrates using four search engines: Web of Science, Google Scholar, Pubmed and Scopus, last searched on September 27th, 2020. This review identified 31 studies examining the relationship between GCs and telomere length. We pooled the data using Fisher’s Z for 15 of these studies. All quantitative studies underwent a risk of bias assessment. This systematic review study was registered in the Open Science Framework Registry (https://osf.io/rqve6).

Results
The pooled effect size from fifteen studies and 1066 study organisms shows no relationship between GCs and telomere length (Fisher’s Z = 0.1042, 95% CI = 0.0235; 0.1836). Our meta-analysis synthesizes results from 15 different taxa from the mammalian, avian, amphibian groups. While these results support some previous findings, other studies have found a direct relationship between GCs and telomere dynamics, suggesting underlying mechanisms or concepts that were not taken into account in our analysis. The risk of bias assessment revealed an overall low risk of bias with occasional instances of bias from missing outcome data or bias in the reported result.

Conclusion
We highlight the need for more targeted experiments to understand how conditions, such as experimental timeframes, stressor(s), and stressor magnitudes can drive a relationship between the neuroendocrine stress response and telomere length.