bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling seizures in the Human Phenotype Ontology according to contemporary ILAE concepts makes big phenotypic data tractable
Authors: Lewis‐Smith David , Galer Peter D. , Balagura Ganna , Kearney Hugh , Ganesan Shiva , Cosico Mahgenn , O'Brien Margaret , Vaidiswaran Priya , Krause Roland , Ellis Colin A. , Thomas Rhys H. , Robinson Peter N. , Helbig Ingo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe clinical features of epilepsy determine how it is defined, which in turn guides management. Therefore, consideration of the fundamental clinical entities that comprise an epilepsy is essential in the study of causes, trajectories, and treatment responses. The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) is used widely in clinical and research genetics for concise communication and modeling of clinical features, allowing extracted data to be harmonized using logical inference. We sought to redesign the HPO seizure subontology to improve its consistency with current epileptological concepts, supporting the use of large clinical data sets in high‐throughput clinical and research genomics.MethodsWe created a new HPO seizure subontology based on the 2017 International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Operational Classification of Seizure Types, and integrated concepts of status epilepticus, febrile, reflex, and neonatal seizures at different levels of detail. We compared the HPO seizure subontology prior to, and following, our revision, according to the information that could be inferred about the seizures of 791 individuals from three independent cohorts: 2 previously published and 150 newly recruited individuals. Each cohort's data were provided in a different format and harmonized using the two versions of the HPO.ResultsThe new seizure subontology increased the number of descriptive concepts for seizures 5‐fold. The number of seizure descriptors that could be annotated to the cohort increased by 40% and the total amount of information about individuals' seizures increased by 38%. The most important qualitative difference was the relationship of focal to bilateral tonic‐clonic seizure to generalized‐onset and focal‐onset seizures.SignificanceWe have generated a detailed contemporary conceptual map for harmonization of clinical seizure data, implemented in the official 2020‐12‐07 HPO release and freely available at hpo.jax.org. This will help to overcome the phenotypic bottleneck in genomics, facilitate reuse of valuable data, and ultimately improve diagnostics and precision treatment of the epilepsies.
Life‐history traits are poor predictors of species responses to flow regime change in headwater streams
Authors: Carey Nicole , Chester Edwin T. , Robson Belinda J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecent climate change is altering the timing, duration and volume of river and stream flows globally, and in many regions, perennially flowing rivers and streams are drying and switching to intermittent flows. Profound impacts on aquatic biota are becoming apparent, due in part to the strong influence of flow regime on the evolution of life history. We made predictions of life‐history responses for 13 common aquatic invertebrate species (four caddisflies, five mayflies, two stoneflies, a dragonfly and an amphipod), to recent flow regime change in Australian mediterranean climate streams, based on historic studies in the same streams. Size distributions, phenology, voltinism and synchrony were compared, revealing five main responses. More than half of the species were restricted to perennially flowing streams and were absent from those that had switched to intermittent flows (including all four caddisfly species). These formerly common species are at risk of extinction as climate change progresses. Two mayfly species had divergent responses in voltinism and synchrony, and one relied on drought micro‐refuges to persist. One stonefly species changed development timing to suit the new flow regime, and the amphipod species retreated to subterranean refuges. Two formerly common species were not detected at all during 2016–2017. In addition, a new mayfly species and a caddisfly species proliferated under new flow regimes, because they had life histories suited to brief hydroperiods. Importantly, previous life history rarely predicted species’ actual responses to climate‐driven flow regime change, raising doubts about the veracity of predictions based on species traits. This is because a species’ potential for flexible phenology or growth rate is not necessarily indicated by life‐history traits.
A parsimonious model for calculating the greenhouse gas emissions of miscanthus cultivation using current commercial practice in the United Kingdom
Authors: Lask Jan , Kam Jason , Weik Jan , Kiesel Andreas , Wagner Moritz , Lewandowski Iris 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLife cycle assessment (LCA) is a widely recognized tool for the assessment of the potential environmental impacts associated with the life cycle of a product or service. The environmental impact category most commonly quantified in LCAs is global warming potential, a measure of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. For agricultural products such as miscanthus, the creation of an inventory can be labour‐intensive and is context‐specific. This impairs the transfer of results to comparable but not necessarily similar situations. Farmers and small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises cannot easily dedicate resources for this purpose (in particular when using marginal land) and often lack the expertise to do so. Simplified LCA models could offer a promising solution to this problem. They are simplified versions of more complex models that require only a few critical parameters to calculate representative results. This study develops such a model for the computation of GHG emissions associated with commercial miscanthus cultivation. The model focuses on rhizome‐based propagation and the indirect harvesting method (cutting to swath, swathing, baling). A parametric life cycle inventory (LCI) was established and used to identify the most influential parameters by means of a global sensitivity analysis (GSA). A simplified model for calculating GHG emissions associated with miscanthus cultivation was developed by fixing input parameters with a low relevance at their median impact values. Six of 38 parameters were identified as relevant parameters: soil carbon sequestration, harvestable yield, duration of cultivation period, quantities of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer applied, and distance between field and customer. The simplified model allows practitioners an easy assessment of the GHG emissions associated with the production and supply of miscanthus. It thus provides a wider audience facilitated access to LCA knowledge and promotes its use as a management and reporting tool in bio‐based industries.
Economic viability and carbon footprint of switchgrass for cellulosic biofuels: Insights from a spatial multi‐feedstock procurement landscape analysis
Authors: Sesmero Juan P. , Trull Nathanial U. , Gramig Benjamin M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe study a situation in which a multi‐feedstock cellulosic biofuel plant can procure stover from productive cropland and switchgrass from marginal land, where growing corn for stover is typically not profitable. We calibrate our model to growing conditions in a promising area of Indiana, USA. We find that cost‐minimizing biorefineries are likely to include switchgrass in the mix of feedstocks despite their high cost of production relative to corn stover. This is because the biorefinery can reduce cost by buying switchgrass grown on marginal land near the plant instead of paying to cover high transportation costs to procure stover from more distant suppliers. Moreover, the share of switchgrass will rise further if the procurement region is constrained by transaction costs or natural barriers. This is because procuring switchgrass can alleviate the cost of paying to induce land conversion to corn to procure additional stover from the intensive margin. Under the assumption that switchgrass is grown on marginal land, inclusion of switchgrass in the feedstock mix not only reduces the cost of producing biofuels but also their carbon footprint without displacing food crops. A key caveat is that high transaction costs of contracting for switchgrass and/or farmers’ reluctance to grow switchgrass on marginal land can severely undermine its inclusion in the feedstock mix. However, these forces may be countervailed by a differential subsidy for biofuels that include a higher share of switchgrass, which would be warranted because of their lower carbon footprint.
Social policy responsiveness in multilevel contexts: How vertical diffusion of competences affects the opinion‐policy link
Authors: Peters Yvette 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDo multilevel structures of governance affect representation? This study examines how regionalization and globalization are related to social policy responsiveness. It has been argued that the interests of nonpopular actors, such as international organizations or private corporations, have gained importance in determining public policies. Moreover, national governments have delegated decision‐making capabilities down to subnational authorities. These developments might constrain governments in their policymaking, leading them to be less responsive to their citizens' preferences. I investigate whether the relation between public opinion and welfare state effort is affected by globalization and decentralization. To examine these relations and possible explanations, I analyze data from the European Social Survey (2002–2012) and from Eurostat using a time‐series cross‐sectional approach. Consistent with the expectations set out in this study, I find that decentralization facilitates, while globalization hinders, the responsiveness of welfare spending to public preferences.
Patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs): A review of generic and condition‐specific measures and a discussion of trends and issues
Authors: Churruca Kate , Pomare Chiara , Ellis Louise A. , Long Janet C. , Henderson Suzanna B. , Murphy Lisa E. D. , Leahy Christopher J. , Braithwaite Jeffrey 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) are questionnaires that collect health outcomes directly from the people who experience them. This review critically synthesizes information on generic and selected condition‐specific PROMs to describe trends and contemporary issues regarding their development, validation and application.MethodsWe reviewed academic and grey literature on validated PROMs by searching databases, prominent websites, Google Scholar and Google Search. The identification of condition‐specific PROMs was limited to common conditions and those with a high burden of disease (eg cancers, cardiovascular disorders). Trends and contemporary issues in the development, validation and application of PROMs were critically evaluated.ResultsThe search yielded 315 generic and condition‐specific PROMs. The largest numbers of measures were identified for generic PROMs, musculoskeletal conditions and cancers. The earliest published PROMs were in mental health‐related conditions. The number of PROMs grew substantially between 1980s and 2000s but slowed more recently. The number of publications discussing PROMs continues to increase. Issues identified include the use of computer‐adaptive testing and increasing concerns about the appropriateness of using PROMs developed and validated for specific purposes (eg research) for other reasons (eg clinical decision making).ConclusionsThe term PROM is a relatively new designation for a range of measures that have existed since at least the 1960s. Although literature on PROMs continues to expand, challenges remain in selecting reliable and valid tools that are fit‐for‐purpose from the many existing instruments.Patient or public contributionConsumers were not directly involved in this review; however, its outcome will be used in programmes that engage and partner with consumers.
Long‐term consumer involvement in cancer research: Working towards partnership
Authors: Milley Kristi , Chima Sophie , McIntosh Jennifer G. , Ackland Elle , Emery Jon D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundMeaningful consumer involvement in health research is important. There are limited data on how to maintain long‐term consumer involvement.ObjectiveTo identify barriers and facilitators to meaningful long‐term consumer involvement in research.DesignSix semi‐structured interviews were conducted with members of the Primary Care Collaborative Cancer Clinical Trials Group (PC4) Community Advisory Group (CAG) and included the review of 40 supporting documents. Interviews and documents were analysed using inductive thematic analysis; the themes were mapped onto the domains of Cancer Australia's National Framework for Consumer Involvement in Cancer Control.ResultsEquality, respect and feeling valued were facilitators to long‐term involvement. These elements were part of an overarching theme of organizational commitment. Creating balance, managing competing deadlines and integrating a consumer role with a personal life were key barriers to involvement. These themes mapped strongly to the National Framework for Consumer Involvement in Cancer Control domains of committed organizations, capable consumers, inclusive groups and shared focus.ConclusionResearch networks should reflect on several factors to maintain long‐term consumer involvement. Networks should aim to build a meaningful relationship, using clear communication and education, that reinforces the value and scope of a consumers contributions. We found that consumer education needs do not diminish over time and adequate skill development, support and feedback need to be on‐going. Creating regular opportunities for feedback and reflection are important to continue to meet best practice guidelines.
Miocene provenance change in Himalayan foreland basin and Bengal Fan sediments, with special reference to detrital garnet chemistry
Authors: Yoshida Kohki , Nakajima Toru , Matsumoto Yuki , Osaki Ai , Rai Lalit Kumar , Cruz Jarrett W. , Sakai Harutaka 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBengal Fan Miocene sediments were collected during International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 354 and investigated using petrographic and detrital garnet chemistry analyses. The Miocene Siwalik Group, which is composed of sediments deposited in the Himalayan foreland basin, was also analyzed for comparison with the Bengal Fan data for the provenance change during the Miocene. Our petrographic analyses revealed that the Miocene sediments of the Bengal Fan and Siwalik Group consist predominantly of Higher Himalayan Crystalline (HHC)‐derived detritus such as chloritoid, staurolite, sillimanite, and/or kyanite, which appear among the accessory minerals. The chemistry of the detrital garnet varies across the stratigraphy; most of the garnet is rich in almandine and poor in spessartine and pyrope. However, pyrope‐rich garnet, which is considered to originate from the HHC core (granulite facies), was found in the lower to upper Miocene deposits. The deposition of HHC‐derived detrital garnet began before the Middle Miocene (15 Ma) and before the Late Miocene (10–9 Ma) in the Siwalik Group. The Bengal Fan data, by contrast, indicated that pyrope‐rich garnet appeared in the Early Miocene (17.3 Ma) and Late Miocene (8.5–6.5 Ma). We conclude that the Bengal Fan sediments record the erosion of the HHC zone since the Early Miocene that appears in the Siwalik sediments. Furthermore, we found that the HHC‐derived inputs decreased from the late Middle Miocene (12 Ma) to the early Middle Miocene (10 Ma) in both the Nepal Himalaya foreland basin and the Bengal Fan. The disappearance of the HHC‐derived detritus is probably the result of dilution by Lesser Himalayan detritus, which suggests that the Lesser Himalayan zone, which is composed of metamorphosed and unmetamorphosed sedimentary rocks, was uplifted.
The profiles of English medium instruction teachers in higher education
Authors: Macaro Ernesto , Sahan Kari , Rose Heath 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe global growth of English Medium Instruction (EMI) in higher education and international mobility of faculty and students necessitates that we better understand commonalities of teachers in these emerging contexts. This paper reports on a survey of 461 EMI university lecturers from more than eight countries which attempted to discern the various profiles of EMI teachers at an international level. Data explored teachers’ disciplines, age, experience, professional development, teaching contexts, and the role of English proficiency in their professional capacity. Results revealed statistically significant differences in profiles according to the disciplines and country of residence of the teachers. For example, teachers in the Natural Sciences and those in Spain were more likely to report having opportunities for teacher training and EMI certification.
Effects of camellia oil on the properties and molecular forces of myofibrillar protein gel induced by microwave heating
Authors: Han Keying , Feng Xiao , Yang Yuling , Wei Sumeng , Tang Xiaozhi , Li Shanshan , Chen Yumin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe effects of camellia oil (CO) addition (0–50 mg·mL−1) on the properties, structures and molecular forces of chicken myofibrillar protein (MP) gel induced by microwave heating were studied. Results indicated that the hardness, gumminess, chewiness and water holding capacity of the gel (50 mg·mL−1 MP) were the highest after 40 mg·mL−1 CO addition. For 40 mg·mL−1 CO addition, the gel network was more homogeneous, and the hydrophobic interaction of MP reached the maximum according to the S0‐ANS values, while electrostatic repulsion was the minimum according to the zeta potential. The α‐helix content decreased and the β‐sheet content increased as CO concentration increased from 0 to 40 mg·mL−1. Increased CO induced the unfolding of MP molecules and exposure of internal hydrophobic groups, which affected the hydrophobic interaction and the gel properties. To conclude, 40 mg·mL−1 of CO was the optimal amount to prepare composite gel when MP was 50 mg·mL−1.
Analysis of the water‐soluble compounds as a tool for discriminating traditional and industrial high moisture mozzarella made with citric acid
Authors: Faccia Michele , Natrella Giuseppe , Gambacorta Giuseppe 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHigh moisture mozzarella from cow milk is a pasta filata cheese that can be manufactured by different protocols. Fermentation by autochthonous starter is used for the traditional product, whereas direct acidification with citric acid is widely used at industrial level. Both types are stored immersed in a liquid for preserving freshness, but this packaging method is known to favour the changes of the quality characteristics. The present study aimed to assess the evolution of the soluble compounds and to evaluate their use as chemical indices for discriminating the two types of mozzarella. The contents of lactose, organic acids, water‐soluble nitrogen and free amino acids differently changed over time. The whole patterns of these soluble compounds allowed discrimination of the two products during the whole storage period. The simple analyses of lactic acid and lactose could be a rapid tool to protect traditional mozzarella from industrial imitations obtained with citric acid.
Therapeutic communication within the nurse–patient relationship: A concept analysis
Authors: Xue Wantong , Heffernan Catrina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsTo explore the concept of therapeutic communication within the nurse–patient relationship, using concept analysis.BackgroundTherapeutic communication is a term that is often used in the nursing and related sciences literature, and yet it is still an ambiguous concept. Concept clarification is required to support other healthcare professionals' understanding and to guide theory development and practice.DesignA concept analysis methodology was used, as proposed by Walker and Avant.Data SourcesA systematic literature search was performed using the Cochrane database, Science Direct, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, Academic Search Complete, MEDLINE and PsycARTICLES with studies published within the last 20 years.Review MethodsThe framework by Walker and Avant was adopted. The attributes, antecedents, consequences and uses of the concept were identified.ResultsThe attributes were information exchange, mutual respect, engagement and managing health issues of concern to the patient. The antecedents were those related to the nurse and those related to the patient. The consequences included patient satisfaction, quicker recovery time, high‐quality health care outcomes and positive nurse–patient relationship outcomes.ConclusionsA theoretical definition of the concept was developed. The attributes, antecedents and consequences identified in this paper can be used in nursing education, research and managerial and organizational planning.
Composition control of lead‐free piezoelectric BNT thin ceramic films deposited by ex situ sputtering
Authors: Hamieh Ahmad , Ponchel Freddy , Remiens Denis 
Published: May 2021

Abstract(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 thin film growth by ex situ sputtering has been investigated and reported in this paper. An original approach, based on the growth process, was used in order to precisely control the film composition, which has never been reported in BNT growth. The bismuth content in the films and so the composition of amorphous sputtered films was controlled by a slight heating of the substrate during the growth (150–240°C). Then, films were crystallized, obviously without any change in composition, by a post‐annealing treatment. More precisely, without substrate heating and using a stoichiometric target, the film presents an excess of Bi but when it is deposited at 200°C the film becomes stoichiometric. It was shown that the sticking coefficient of Bi is particularly sensitive even at low substrate temperatures, whereas Na and Ti sticking coefficients are not impacted. Followed by a post‐annealing in air at 650°C, the composition of the amorphous BNT films deposited at 200°C remains stoichiometric and the film exhibits a high (100) preferred orientation in a pure perovskite phase and a dense microstructure. The evaluation of the electrical properties as a function of the Bi content in the film, adjusted by the deposition temperature, shows a strong impact on the ferroelectric properties where the best performances were obtained with the stoichiometric BNT film deposited at 200°C.
Serum exosomal lncRNA XIST is a potential non‐invasive biomarker to diagnose recurrence of triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Lan Fengming , Zhang Xiaodan , Li Huibing , Yue Xiao , Sun Qinghong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractExosomal lncRNAs secreted by cancer cells can serve as potential biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of various tumours. Here, we are committed to explore the diagnostic and prognostic value of serum exosomal XIST secreted by tumour cells to predict recurrence in patients with triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). Significant increments in XIST and exo‐XIST from tumour tissues and blood serum were found in reoccurring TNBC patients by comparison with non‐recurrences. Levels of serum exo‐XIST were only significantly increased in TNBC recurrence and no association with other clinicopathological parameters. Additionally, serum exo‐XIST levels could be served as an assessment of change in the load of triple‐negative breast cancer. Expressions of exo‐XIST were markedly decreased after resection of the primary breast tumours and obviously elevated at the time of recurrence. Finally, an obvious association was identified between serum exo‐XIST levels and a poorer overall survival (OS) in TNBC patients. Levels of serum exo‐XIST may serve as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker to predict the recurrent TNBC‐loading status.