bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guided bone tissue regeneration using a hollow calcium phosphate based implant in a critical size rabbit radius defect
Authors: Torbjörn Mellgren , Amela Trbakovic , Andreas Thor , Stina Ekman , Cecilia Ley , Caroline Öhman-Mägi , Petra Hammarström Johansson , Marianne Jensen-Waern , Patricia Hedenqvist 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Long bone fractures are common and sometimes difficult to treat. Autologous bone (AB), bovine bone and calcium phosphates are used to stimulate bone growth with varying results. In the present study, a calcium phosphate cement (CPC) that previously showed promising grafting capabilities was evaluated for the first time in a long bone defect. A radius defect of 20 mm was created in 20 rabbits. The defect was filled by either a hollow CPC implant that had been manufactured as a replica of a rabbit radius through indirect 3D printing, or by particulate AB as control. Defect filling and bone formation was evaluated after 12 weeks by combining micro computed tomography (μCT) and scoring of 3D images, together with histomorphometry and histology. The μCT and histomorphometric evaluations showed a similar amount of filling of the defect (combining graft and bone) between the CPC and AB group, but the scoring of 3D images showed that the filling in the CPC group was significantly larger. Histologically the AB graft could not be distinguished from the new bone. The AB treated defects were found to be composed of more bone than the CPC group, including reorganised cancellous and cortical bone. Both the CPC and AB material was associated with new bone formation, also in the middle of the defect, which could result in closing of the otherwise critically sized gap. This study shows the potential for an indirectly 3D printed implant in guided bone regeneration in critically sized long bone defects.
Changes in precipitation and air temperature contribute comparably to permafrost degradation in a warmer climate
Authors: Mekonnen Zelalem A , Riley William J , Grant Robert F , Romanovsky Vladimir E 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Surface energy budgets of high-latitude permafrost systems are poorly represented in Earth system models (ESMs), yet permafrost is rapidly degrading and these dynamics are critical to future carbon-climate feedback predictions. A potentially important factor in permafrost degradation neglected so far by ESMs is heat transfer from precipitation, although increases in soil temperature and thaw depth have been observed following increases in precipitation. Using observations and a mechanistic ecosystem model, we show here that increases in precipitation hasten active layer development beyond that caused by surface air warming across the North Slope of Alaska (NSA) under recent and 21st century climate (RCP8.5). Modeled active layer depth (ALD) in simulations that allow precipitation heat transfer agreed very well with observations from 28 Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring sites (R2 = 0.63; RMSE = 10 cm). Simulations that ignored precipitation heat transfer resulted in lower spatially-averaged soil temperatures and a 39 cm shallower ALD by 2100 across the NSA. The results from our sensitivity analysis show that projected increases in 21st century precipitation deepen the active layer by enhancing precipitation heat transfer and ground thermal conductivity, suggesting that precipitation is as important an environmental control on permafrost degradation as surface air temperature. We conclude that ESMs that do not account for precipitation heat transfer likely underestimate ALD rates of change, and thus likely predict biased ecosystem responses.
Air quality and health implications of 1.5 °C–2 °C climate pathways under considerations of ageing population: a multi-model scenario analysis
Authors: Rafaj Peter , Kiesewetter Gregor , Krey Volker , Schoepp Wolfgang , Bertram Christoph , Drouet Laurent , Fricko Oliver , Fujimori Shinichiro , Harmsen Mathijs , Hilaire Jérôme , Huppmann Daniel , Klimont Zbigniew , Kolp Peter , Aleluia Reis Lara , van Vuuren Detlef 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLow-carbon pathways consistent with the 2 °C and 1.5 °C long-term climate goals defined in the Paris Agreement are likely to induce substantial co-benefits for air pollution and associated health impacts. In this analysis, using five global integrated assessment models, we quantify the emission reductions in key air pollutants resulting from the decarbonization of energy systems and the resulting changes in premature mortality attributed to the exposure to ambient concentrations of fine particulate matter. The emission reductions differ by sectors. Sulfur emissions are mainly reduced from power plants and industry, cuts in nitrogen oxides are dominated by the transport sector, and the largest abatement of primary fine particles is achieved in the residential sector. The analysis also shows that health benefits are the largest when policies addressing climate change mitigation and stringent air pollution controls are coordinated. We decompose the key factors that determine the extent of health co-benefits, focusing on Asia: changes in emissions, urbanization rates, population growth and ageing. Demographic processes, particularly due to ageing population, counteract in many regions the mortality reductions realized through lower emissions.
Assessment of wind power generation impact on the distance protection operation
Authors: Ruban N Yu , Askarov A B , Kievets A V , Rudnik V E 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In the article an experimental power system consisting of Russian equipment, as well as 220 kV power line distance protection, are simulated in the RTDS Simulator. The settings were calculated and the polygonal characteristics of distance protection were constructed. A sequential installation of wind turbines into various nodes of the power system was carried out and the correct operation of the protection was verified. As a result of the study, the impact of wind turbines on the distance protection when they are connected between the protection installation site and the point of the short circuit is revealed. The analysis of this impact is made. Possible ways to solve the identified problems are proposed, such as the use of adaptive distance protection, as well as numerous studies of the behaviour of wind turbines in various operating modes for further analysis and possible adjustment of guidelines for relay protection using new algorithms for calculating and configuring of distance protection. The results of this work can be used to improve and clarify the recommendations for tuning, produced by manufacturers of relay protection devices, which currently do not take into account the impact of wind power generation.
Mathematical model of power supply system for remotely operated underwater vehicle with dc power transmission line and load voltage feedback
Authors: Chekh V , Lyapunov D , Pravikova A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The paper deals with a mathematical model of the closed loop power supply system for a remotely operated underwater vehicle with a DC transmission line via a rope-cable and the load voltage feedback. The state-space method is used to develop the mathematical model. Using differential equations in the form of Cauchy alleviates significantly the mathematical description. The results for both simulation and mathematical models of the closed loop system are compared, thus, confirming the adequacy of mathematical description and prospects for further application in the design of a versatile tool for calculating and adjusting the parameters of the control system for the power supply system under study.
Particularities of spatial kinetics of hybrid thorium reactor installation containing the long neutron source based on magnetic trap
Authors: Shamanin I V , Bedenko S V , Lutsik I O , Polozkov S D , Arzhannikov A V 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this work, we study the features of the spatial kinetics of installation as a hybrid thorium reactor with an elongated plasma neutron source based on a magnetic trap. The active zone of the installation under study consists of an assembly of hexagonal fuel blocks of a unified design and a long solenoid with a high-temperature plasma column passing through the axial region of the core. Combining engineering expertise in creating nuclear reactors with a physics-technical potential for obtaining high-temperature plasma in a long magnetic trap we ensure the solution of the multidisciplinary problem posed. These studies are of undoubted practical interest, since they are necessary to substantiate the safety of operation of such hybrid systems. The research results will allow optimizing the active zone of the hybrid system with leveling the resulting offset radial and axial energy release distributions. Results of our study will be the basis for the development of new and improvement of existing methods of criticality control in related systems such as “pulsed neutron source – subcritical fuel assembly”
Information support of stakeholder cooperation: technology for formation of a digital footprint of companies
Authors: Milekhina O V , Adova I B , Fomin V A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The paper presents a tool for the formation of a digital footprint of companies focused on supporting the processes of strategy with the further search for potential stakeholders, the formation of proposals for cooperation and establishing contacts with them. The world-class head Hunter recruiting company was chosen as the object of the study, its REST API was considered as a data source. The architecture of the system, which provides the ability to collect and store relevant information. It secures the monitoring the digital footprint of personnel needs (vacancies) of companies. Implementation of the proposed tool for the formation of a digital footprint is carried out within the framework of interaction between universities and the business community in the process of formation of professional competencies of students. An interactive map with data on profession vacancies has been developed, which allows supporting the processes of stakeholder interaction.
Characteristic barriers to the implementation of the roadmap for augmented reality technology development program
Authors: Zhmud V , Liapidevskiy A , Avrmachuk V 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The paper gives the author’s vision of what the main barriers to the creation and implementation of new technologies in the field of virtual and augmented reality may exist during the implementation of the Digital Economy of the Russian Federation program. Since some of the authors took part in the development of roadmaps for this program, there is a two-sided vision of the problem. Authors can put themselves in the shoes of both the funding organization for this project and the campaign that is developing concretely in this area. Almost two years have passed since this program was launched. The conclusions of the article can be useful both for organizations funding this program and for grant recipients
Concept of the comprehension level of situation awareness using an expert system
Authors: Nine J , Manoharan S , Hardt W 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
One of the major hurdles in high level autonomous driving is the integration of software that has the ability to understand its surrounding situations. Situation awareness is to perceive information, take actions based on that perception and to predict the future events based on the taken actions. Mica R. Endsley introduced the term “Situation Awareness” where the concept was applied only for humans. Expert Systems, on the other hand is a rule based system that is used to make critical and fast decisions. In this paper a concept on the comprehension (understanding) level of situation awareness using an expert system is presented for high level autonomous vehicles. This concept will be realized on the “CE-Box” component of the hardware demonstrator “BlackPearl” from the department of Computer Engineering in TU Chemnitz. Perception is done with the help of sensing data from the sensors from the ECU’s of “BlackPearl”. This data is provided to the comprehension level to make an assessment and take a decision. The goal of this paper is to provide a conceptual method to extract these decisions based on an expert system.
Compressive strength and durability of Metakaolin blended concrete exposed to acid and sulphate attack
Authors: Viswanadha Varma D , Rama Rao G V , Markandeya Raju P , Pavan Kumar M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Sustainable development of the cement and concrete industry requires the utilization of industrial and agricultural waste components. At present, for a variety of reasons, the concrete construction industry is not sustainable. In general, high strength concrete made with ordinary cement is not durable and does not have good resistance to acids except for some weak acids if the exposure is occasional. Metakaolin is a supplementary cementitious material used as an admixture to produce high strength and high-performance concrete. The objective of this study is to arrive at Optimal quality of metakaolin that can partially replace the cement for M20, M30, M40, M50, M60, M70, M80 grades of concrete to get better strength and durability. The mix proportions of OPC concrete are obtained for M20, M30, M40, M50, M60, M70, M80 as per IS 10262 2009 [1]. Mix proportions with partial replacements of cement by 0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30% of Metakaolin with concrete were determined. Concrete specimens for compressive strength (150 mm x 150 mm x 150 mm cubes) are cast and Durability studies are conducted for all grades with partial replacement of cement by Metakaolin for 1% and 0.5% concentrations of HCl and H2SO4. From the results, it was concluded that the compressive strength of concrete is maximum at 15% replacement of cement by Metakaolin. The compressive strength of concrete showed better result at 15% replacement of Metakaolin for 0.5% and 1% HCl and H2SO4 at the age of 28days of strength. The effect of HCl on strength of the Metakaolin concrete is lower than the effect of H2SO4.
Subgrade CBR improvement with fly ash as mineral and NaOH as a chemical admixture
Authors: Ponnada Sudheer , Rajeswara Rao K , Gopala Raju SSSV 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Increase in the rate of traffic volume and heavy vehicle loads gave a revolution in highway construction technology, this increase is due to continuous growth in economic activities. Therefore, it is necessary to construct highly durable and serviceable road structures on any type of soil. In continuation, a good subgrade can influence the thickness of road structure, increases the strength pavement, and reduce the cost of road structure construction. California bearing ratio (CBR) is a generally used in-direct method to estimate the strength of sub-grade and it directly gives the pavement thickness in pavement analysis and design work. So, if increasing in the CBR value results thicknesses of the pavement will decrease and it, in turn, reduces the construction cost of the pavement structure. In the present investigation, the collected soil samples are Black Cotton soils from Dharmapuri, Vizianagaram, AP. Same soil stabilized with various replace percentages of Fly ash (i.e.10, 20, 30, and 40%) and NaOH (i.e. 3, 5, and 7%). The Atterberg limits, Free swell Index, and CBR tests were completed on original and stabilized soils. Finally, authors observed that the considered BC soil stabilized with mineral admixture (Fly ash) and chemical admixture (NaOH) results in more than 400% increase in CBR with 40% decrease in pavement thickness, and 25% decrease in pavement construction cost.
Strength properties of ceramic waste concrete
Authors: Atkuri Venkata Krishna , Rama Rao G V 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Today significant research study is ongoing into the use of waste materials like, fly ash, GGBS, waste glass powder etc. as Portland cement replacements. A ceramic waste powder is used as a binder with partial replacement of cement which takes some part of reaction at the time of hydration, and also it acts as a filler material. This study is focused on the waste ceramic powder used as a replacement to the concrete ingredient i.e. cement and the strength properties like compressive, split tensile and flexural strengths were measured and the size effect of ceramic waste powder on strength of concrete. To check the strength effect of replacement of cement by ceramic waste powder, the cement ingredient in concrete is replaced at 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%. This paper focuses on the size effect of ceramic waste powder, having a size less than 90 micron and another size ranges from 90 microns to 150 microns. For this study, concrete mixtures were prepared, for low-grade M20 and medium grade M40. Strength studies like compressive, split tensile and flexural strengths were conducted and comparisons have to be made with the conventional concrete.
Hardened properties of pervious concrete using mixed aggregate blended with admixtures
Authors: Vinay V , Adiseshu S , Chandramouli S 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In the present study, a new combination of materials for making pervious concrete have been obtained based on compressive strength and permeability. The investigation is done for finding hardened properties and its main aim is to know the improvement in compressive strength and permeability by different combinations of materials. Also, different tests for void ratio, porosity and water absorption are conducted. The different sizes of aggregate used are 20mm, 12.5mm and 10mm with cement replacement with fly-ash 10%, 20%, 25% and 30% and with maximum cement content 450kg/m3, 500kg/m3 of 53 grade. It is observed that the strength and other properties are highly fluctuating. The maximum compressive strength obtained is 21.3MPa with 450kg/m3 cement content of aggregate combination 60-20-20 with 30% of fly ash. The maximum permeability obtained is 2.87 cm/sec with 450kg/m3 cement content of aggregate combination 20-40-40 with 20% fly-ash. The maximum water absorption obtained is 4.087% with500kg/m3of aggregate combination 50-20-30 with 30% fly-ash. The maximum void ratio obtained is 37.545% with 500kg/m3 cement content of aggregate combination 40-30-30 with 25%fly-ash. The maximum porosity obtained is 68.912% with 500kg/m3 cement content of aggregate combination 40-30-30 with 25% fly-ash.
Effect of ferrochrome slag and fly ash on the mechanical properties of concrete
Authors: S Priyatham B P R V , Chaitanya D V S K , Prasanna Kumar G 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Now a day’s construction industry is focusing on various wastes from other industries to use them as substitutes for construction materials which will reduce their initial cost and impact on the environment. Use of industrial waste materials in concrete is a substitute for the shortage of natural resources. Waste disposal from steel manufacturing industries and power plants are increasing day by day and creating a lot of environmental pollution due to lack of utilizing them. There is a lot of wastes from industries like fly ash, GGBS, and slag-based compounds which can be used as replacement materials for aggregates. The present experimental investigation examines the possibility of replacing coarse aggregate with ferrochrome slag waste obtained from steel manufacturing industries and cement with fly ash obtained from power plants in concrete mix design for many construction practices. The experiments were conducted on the concrete mix in which natural coarse aggregate is replaced with ferrochrome slag to achieve optimal replacement of ferrochrome slag and the effect of fly ash along with the optimal ferrochrome slag on the mechanical properties of concrete.
Enhancing Seismic Resistance of G+10 MSB by Introducing FVD System
Authors: Phanindranath T S D , Balaji K V G D , Markandeya Raju P 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Lateral load resisting systems (LLRS) play a key role in reducing or eliminating the damage of the structure due to the earthquake. The damping system is one of the LLRS which controls the vibrations when an earthquake occurs. Fluid Viscous damping decreases tension and deflection because due to flexing the columns, the energy from the damping is totally out of phase with stresses. This is valid only for viscous fluid damping, where the damping force varies with the velocity of the stroke. Other types of damping do not vary their performance with velocities, such as yielding components, friction devices, plastic hinges, and visco-elastic elastomers; hence, they can increase column stress while reducing deflection, and typically do so. While coming to this work, under the seismic coefficient method for seismic zone-5, G+10 multistoried buildings were modelled and analyzed in ETABS along with limit state of collapse and limit state of serviceability load combinations. The response of the building was examined by introducing viscous dampers to the structure by varying the position of FVD in the building (S-1, S-2, and S-3), which are regular and irregular in plan, and by altering the width of the bay, by inserting the dampers at the four corners of the building in the first stage, by inserting the dampers at the four edges of the building in the second stage (S-2), and by inserting the dampers at the centre of the building in the third stage (S-3). Dampers are introduced from top to bottom storey of the building. Placement of FVD device system plays a key role against earthquake forces which are acting on the structure during the event of an earthquake. After the comparison in between above-defined stages and various parameters, when dampers are inserted at the edges of the building (S-3), the entire building is displaced identically with lesser values of displacement and inter-storey drifts, which are significant parameters in the event of an earthquake.
Defluorination of groundwater by low-cost adsorbents
Authors: Prasad K S B , Jakeer Hussain P , Bharath Kumar P 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
India is among nation higher in percentage suffer s from fluorosis through consumption of groundwater. Fluoride content in natural water has become a major issue in major parts of the world and should be in 0.6 to 1.5 mg/l. Investigations in the removal of fluoride content have been carried in various techniques. This paper speaks on treating fluoride content and to utilize it as drinking water at low-cost techniques by natural adsorbents for a sustainable environment. In this process adsorption time effects, concentration of fluoride at varied adsorbent dosage with maintained temperature are studied. Adsorbents such as dry ginger powder, spinach, turmeric powder, orange peel powder were used.
Land Use Land Cover (LULC) classification with wasteland demarcation using Remote sensing and GIS Techniques
Authors: Ramanamurthy B V , Victorbabu N 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Land use and land cover changes are derived by natural process and anthropogenic interference in the ecosystem. Appropriate management of natural resources requires quick and up-to-date information for effective decision making. This study aims to generate land use land cover information using Remote sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) technology to support the land use planning and strategy formulation of the newly emerging problem of the study area. Vizianagaram Mandal of the Vizianagaram district (Andhra Pradesh, India) covering 83°18‘0“E to 83°29‘0“E longitude and 18°2‘0“N to 18°10‘0“N latitude of total area 12437 hectares had been taken as a study area. The software Arc GIS and ERDAS used in this study for obtaining better outcomes. Two satellite imageries of Landsat TM, MSS 2000, and Landsat MSS 2010 were downloaded from USGS, and supervised classification carried out for the detection of Land use Land cover (LULC) classification. The ten-land use/land cover classes have been identified from the classification processes. The study focused to identify the wasteland demarcation and analyze the land cover changes between the years 2000 and 2010.