bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transplantion of predominant Lactobacilli from native hens to commercial hens could indirectly regulate their ISC activity by improving intestinal microbiota
Authors: Liu Lijuan , Zhou Zhou , Hong Yi , Jiang Keyang , Yu Lingzi , Xie Xiaochen , Mi Yuling , Zhu Shu Jeffrey , Zhang Caiqiao , Li Jian 
Published: September 2021

SummaryIn poultry, HyLine (HL) Hens are known for their excellent laying performance. However, ZhenNing (ZN) Hens, a native chicken breed in China, are known for their unique flavour. The intestinal mucosa, which is the main organ for nutrient absorption, could affect livestock product quality. In ZN Hens’ intestinal mucosa, we found more villus wrinkles, larger villus circumference and higher amino acid transporters mRNA abundance compared with HL Hens. Among three laying periods of ZN Hens, in the intestinal lumen, Lactobacillus salivarius (L. sa.), Lactobacillus agilis (L. ag.) and Lactobacillus aviarius were the predominant species in the laying peak period. Furthermore, multiple‐antibiotics feeding in ZN Hens and predominant Lactobacillus feeding in HL Hens suggested that these Lactobacilli could indeed increase villus wrinkles and improve intestinal absorption. In HL Hens, L. sa. + L. ag. treatment could promote organoids budding in vitro, and promote epithelial proliferation in vivo. Collectively, the unique intestinal mucosa morphology in ZN Hens was due to the high abundance of intestinal L. sa. and L. ag. Transplant these Lactobacilli to HL Hens could increase their intestinal probiotics abundance, fine adjust the intestinal stem cell function and promote the epithelial proliferation, in turn, increase villus winkles and mucosal absorption area.
Appendiceal tumours – A correlation of CT features and histopathological diagnosis
Authors: Brassil Michael , Lee Ronan , O’Neill Damien , Woods Graham , Moloney Brian M , Dunne Ruth , Morrin Martina , Lee Michael J 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAppendiceal tumours are uncommon neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract. An understanding of the imaging appearances facilitates an accurate radiological description, which guides surgical and oncological management. In this study, a retrospective review of the CT imaging and histopathology of all cases of appendiceal tumours discussed at the oncology multidisciplinary meetings in a single centre, over an 8‐year period (2012–2019) is performed. The array and incidence of both common and rare pathologies are investigated, and important characteristic imaging findings for radiologists to recognize are highlighted.
A Matter of Appearances: How Does Auditing Expertise Benefit Audit Committees When Selecting Auditors?†‡
Authors: Baugh Matthew , Hallman Nicholas J. , Kachelmeier Steven J. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTLiterature to date reveals relatively little about the role of expertise in auditor selection beyond basic preferences for Big 4 and industry specialist auditors. We hypothesize that audit committees whose members have no Big 4 auditing experience are likely to struggle when interviewing prospective Big 4 partners, leading such committees to draw on superficial, heuristic cues in lieu of conducting more substantive evaluations. To test this prediction, we obtain independent ratings of the facial attractiveness of audit partners identified from Form AP filings recently mandated by the US PCAOB. Our primary finding is that audit committees with no Big 4–experienced members are more likely to favor partners whose photographs raters view to be highly attractive. We characterize attractiveness as a superficial attribute for auditor selection because we detect no relation between attractiveness and accruals‐ or restatement‐based measures of financial reporting quality for audit committees with one or more Big 4–experienced members. We do find an inverse association between attractiveness and financial reporting quality for committees without this experience, likely reflecting the statistical implication of a selection bias. We conclude that auditing expertise mitigates the influence of superficial considerations in auditor selection, enabling audit committees to fulfill their stewardship role more effectively.
An automatic classifier of bat sonotypes around the world
Authors: Roemer Charlotte , Julien Jean‐François , Ahoudji Pélé Patrice , Chassot Jean‐Marie , Genta Mauricio , Colombo Raphaël , Botto German , Negreira Carlos A. , Djossa Bruno Agossou , Ing Ros Kiri , Hassanin Alexandre , Rufray Vincent , Uriot Quentin , Participants Vigie‐Chiro , Bas Yves 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Bioacoustics is one of the most popular methods in bat research. Bat species are identifiable through their echolocation call features (e.g. peak frequency, duration, bandwidth) but the amounts of recordings to process generally require the help of machine learning algorithms. Yet, classifiers are only developed in some areas of the world and it may take dozens of years before they are available everywhere because reference calls are still lacking for numerous species. Our goal was to develop a universal classifier that would classify bat sonotypes according to call shape and peak frequency.

To achieve this, we first defined eight sonotype categories that cover all bat echolocation shapes worldwide. We then trained a classifier using random forest decision trees with a database of 1,154,835 labelled sound events containing bat and non‐bat sounds from four continents. After classification, we developed a process to group detected sound events according to the probability scores of their predicted sonotype category and their peak frequency. We then tested the performance of our classifier on a different set of recordings originating from five continents.

Depending on the bat sonotype tested, the performance (area under ROC curve) of our classifier ranged between 0.77 and 0.99 for low‐quality calls (SNR < 25 dB). Performance ranged between 0.89 and 1 for middle‐ or high‐quality calls (SNR ≥ 25 dB). The performance for bat feeding buzz classification ranged between 0.93 and 0.98 depending on the SNR. The classifier was not developed to classify bat social calls; the majority of them were classified as a bat sonotype.

The classifier is an open data format and can be used by anyone to study bats around the world. It can be used to spot acoustically described species but for which a classifier was not developed, and even to detect species that were not acoustically described yet. The grouping of sound events according to call sonotype and peak frequency may be used to describe bat communities and compare the composition of acoustic niches across time and space. This allows the monitoring of bats and the assessment of bat conservation issues in any region of the world.
Partisanship, Economic Assessments, and Presidential Accountability
Authors: Ang Zoe , Reeves Andrew , Rogowski Jon C. , Vishwanath Arjun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFew issues are more salient for voters or more important in political decision making than economic conditions, and no American public official is more closely associated with the economy than the president. Existing scholarship disagrees, however, about how partisan loyalties affect economic evaluations. We study how partisan control of the presidency affects economic perceptions using eight waves of panel data collected around the 2016 presidential election from a national probability sample. We find that although individual‐level perceptions are largely stable across time, the change in partisan control of the White House was associated with more positive evaluations among Republicans and more negative evaluations among Democrats. These effects are statistically significant yet substantively modest in magnitude. Our results indicate that partisanship is less strongly associated with economic assessments than some previous scholarship has claimed and suggest more sanguine conclusions about the prospects for presidential accountability even in a partisan era.
The international EAACI/GA²LEN/EuroGuiDerm/APAAACI guideline for the definition, classification, diagnosis, and management of urticaria
Authors: Zuberbier Torsten , Abdul Latiff Amir Hamzah , Abuzakouk Mohamed , Aquilina Susan , Asero Riccardo , Baker Diane , Ballmer‐Weber Barbara , Bangert Christine , Ben‐Shoshan Moshe , Bernstein Jonathan A. , Bindslev‐Jensen Carsten , Brockow Knut , Brzoza Zenon , Chong Neto Herberto Jose , Church Martin K. , Criado Paulo R. , Danilycheva Inna V. , Dressler Corinna , Ensina Luis Felipe , Fonacier Luz , Gaskins Matthew , Gáspár Krisztian , Gelincik Aslı , Giménez‐Arnau Ana , Godse Kiran , Gonçalo Margarida , Grattan Clive , Grosber Martine , Hamelmann Eckard , Hébert Jacques , Hide Michihiro , Kaplan Allen , Kapp Alexander , Kessel Aharon , Kocatürk Emek , Kulthanan Kanokvalai , Larenas‐Linnemann Désirée , Lauerma Antti , Leslie Tabi A. , Magerl Markus , Makris Michael , Meshkova Raisa Y. , Metz Martin , Micallef Daniel , Mortz Charlotte G. , Nast Alexander , Oude‐Elberink Hanneke , Pawankar Ruby , Pigatto Paolo D. , Ratti Sisa Hector , Rojo Gutiérrez María Isabel , Saini Sarbjit S. , Schmid‐Grendelmeier Peter , Sekerel Bulent E. , Siebenhaar Frank , Siiskonen Hanna , Soria Angele , Staubach‐Renz Petra , Stingeni Luca , Sussman Gordon , Szegedi Andrea , Thomsen Simon Francis , Vadasz Zahava , Vestergaard Christian , Wedi Bettina , Zhao Zuotao , Maurer Marcus 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis update and revision of the international guideline for urticaria was developed following the methods recommended by Cochrane and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) working group. It is a joint initiative of the Dermatology Section of the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology (EAACI), the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA²LEN) and its Urticaria and Angioedema Centers of Reference and Excellence (UCAREs and ACAREs), the European Dermatology Forum (EDF; EuroGuiDerm), and the Asia Pacific Association of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology with the participation of 64 delegates of 50 national and international societies and from 31 countries. The consensus conference was held on 3 December 2020. This guideline was acknowledged and accepted by the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS). Urticaria is a frequent, mast cell–driven disease that presents with wheals, angioedema, or both. The lifetime prevalence for acute urticaria is approximately 20%. Chronic spontaneous or inducible urticaria is disabling, impairs quality of life, and affects performance at work and school. This updated version of the international guideline for urticaria covers the definition and classification of urticaria and outlines expert‐guided and evidence‐based diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for the different subtypes of urticaria.
An absolute radiocarbon chronology for the world heritage site of Sarvestan (SW Iran): A late Sasanian heritage in early Islamic era
Authors: Djamali Morteza , Capano Manuela , Askari‐Chaverdi Alireza , Faucherre Nicolas , Guibal Frédéric , Northedge Alastair , Rashidian Elnaz , Tuna Thibaut , Bard Edouard 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study presents a new precise radiocarbon chronology for the World Heritage site of Sarvestan (SW Iran). The monument is a key construction in the history of architecture because it is a typical Sasanian construction built during the late Sasanian or early Islamic period. Previous attempts to date the monument have suggested the ages ranging from the middle Sasanian (fifth century CE) to early Abbasid (ninth century CE) era. These age estimations are based on the analysis of architectural plans and techniques, and a few radiocarbon dates with very large age uncertainties. This paper presents the results of a systematic radiocarbon dating of timbers in the walls and charcoals in plaster mortars used in the main dome of the monument. It further applies wiggle matching technique and R_Combine function to substantially reduce the age uncertainties in wood sections. The results indicate that a major construction work was undertaken sometime between 658 and 683 CE, the century of the invasion of Fars by Muslim Arabs. This finding pushes back the age of Sarvestan for two centuries and suggests that the monument was built at the transitional period between Sasanian to Islamic era. Sarvestan would have been an architectural project designed and possibly initiated during the late Sasanian period but mainly accomplished during the second half of the seventh century CE. It can thus be considered a late Sasanian heritage in early Islamic period. Its construction at a time of political unrest further suggests that some areas of Fars may have benefited from certain socio‐political stabilities during the expansion of Islam into the east at mid‐ to late seventh century CE.
The influence of soil environment on the degradation of archaeological leather
Authors: Vyskočilová Gabriela , Kopecká Radka , Pavliňák David , Laichmanová Monika , Sedláček Ivo , Orlita Alois , Příhoda Jiří , Miu Lucretia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLeather objects, found in archaeological excavations, survive in a specific environment. This leather material is very delicate and only little is known about the mechanism of its (bio)degradation in a soil environment. The main goal of this study was to clarify how leather is affected by a soil environment and why archaeological leathers have their typical properties. We tested the influence of the soil (bio)degradation processes on the mechanical properties, colour difference, morphological changes, possible absorption of additional inorganic components from soil and changes of the leather composition. The microbial activity of the soil was also analysed.
Histological and histochemical studies of the gastrointestinal tract in the water monitor lizard (Varanus salvator)
Authors: Srichairat Nattawut , Taksintum Wut , Chumnanpuen Pramote 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe histological and histochemical studies of gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) are important for understanding the morphophysiology in animal digestive processes. Therefore, this study aimed to describe and analyse the histological and histochemical characteristics of Varanus salvator GI tract based on two adult wild‐caught specimens (male and female). The results of histological study revealed that most of V. salvator GI tract is quite similar to that of other vertebrates. However, only slight differences were found in some histological aspects. According to the fine structure of stomach, the oxynticopeptic cells of oral fundic region contained numerous secretory granules, while those of the aboral fundic region contained less secretory granules. For the mucin histochemical study, the acid and neutral mucins can be found throughout the GI tract except for pyloric stomach found neutral mucin only. This study provides information about the microanatomic structures of V. salvator GI tract that could be applied to the biological and veterinary sciences, and farming and feeding management.
Physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic model predictions of inter‐ethnic differences in imatinib pharmacokinetics and dosing regimens
Authors: Adiwidjaja Jeffry , Gross Annette S. , Boddy Alan V. , McLachlan Andrew J. 
Published: September 2021

AimsThis study implements a physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling approach to investigate inter‐ethnic differences in imatinib pharmacokinetics and dosing regimens.MethodsA PBPK model of imatinib was built in the Simcyp Simulator (version 17) integrating in vitro drug metabolism and clinical pharmacokinetic data. The model accounts for ethnic differences in body size and abundance of drug‐metabolising enzymes and proteins involved in imatinib disposition. Utility of this model for prediction of imatinib pharmacokinetics was evaluated across different dosing regimens and ethnic groups. The impact of ethnicity on imatinib dosing was then assessed based on the established range of trough concentrations (Css,min).ResultsThe PBPK model of imatinib demonstrated excellent predictive performance in describing pharmacokinetics and the attained Css,min in patients from different ethnic groups, shown by prediction differences that were within 1.25‐fold of the clinically‐reported values in published studies. PBPK simulation suggested a similar dose of imatinib (400–600 mg/d) to achieve the desirable range of Css,min (1000–3200 ng/mL) in populations of European, Japanese and Chinese ancestry. The simulation indicated that patients of African ancestry may benefit from a higher initial dose (600–800 mg/d) to achieve imatinib target concentrations, due to a higher apparent clearance (CL/F) of imatinib compared to other ethnic groups; however, the clinical data to support this are currently limited.ConclusionPBPK simulations highlighted a potential ethnic difference in the recommended initial dose of imatinib between populations of European and African ancestry, but not populations of Chinese and Japanese ancestry.
The fairness of ventilator allocation during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Wang Xueshi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThere is ongoing debate on how to fairly allocate scarce critical care resources to patients with COVID‐19. The debate revolves around two views: those who believe that priority for scarce resources should primarily aim at saving the most lives (SML) or at saving the most life‐years, and those who believe that public health should focus on health equity to address health disparities and social determinants of health. I argue that maximizing medical outcomes by saving the greatest number of patients is not a plausible strategy for combating COVID‐19. There are reasons of fairness to give each patient who can meet general eligibility requirements a chance of being saved. Rather than focusing on outcome maximization, a better solution would be the individualist lottery that takes account of probability of survival and duration of treatment. Although the individualist lottery allocates scarce resources in a fair way that is responsive to health equity concerns, it still gives considerable weight to the concern of SML. Thus, this procedure can be reasonably accepted by all key stakeholders.
Perceived locus of control for clutter: Reported reasons for clutter in adults with and without hoarding symptoms
Authors: Dozier Mary E. , Nix Caitlyn A. , Taylor Caera , Pyles Karly , Mejia Nicole , Kalchbrenner Rachel 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesThe goal of the current investigation was to expand on previous work on reasons for saving/discarding in the context of hoarding by examining individuals’ perceived locus of control for household clutter.MethodsParticipants were asked to list their perceived reasons for clutter and assign each reason a percentage rating reflecting the extent to which they judged the reason to be responsible for their household clutter.ResultsLack of time was an almost universally endorsed reason for clutter. Clinically severe hoarding levels were associated with lower responsibility ratings for time‐related reasons and increased endorsement of distress‐related reasons.ConclusionsFuture research should examine whether insight level affects how individuals with clinically severe hoarding perceive the locus of control for household clutter.Practitioner Ponits

Perception of lack of time may influence individuals’ sense of locus of control for their household clutter levels.

Hoarding severity is associated with being more likely to attribute distress around discarding or decision making as the reason for clutter.
Immune signatures of bone marrow cells can independently predict prognosis in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Wang Yu‐Hung , Lin Chien‐Chin , Yao Chi‐Yuan , Hsu Chia‐Lang , Tsai Cheng‐Hong , Hou Hsin‐An , Chou Wen‐Chien , Tien Hwei‐Fang 
Published: September 2021

SummaryIncreasing evidence supports the role of the immune microenvironment and associated signalling in the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Nevertheless, the clinical relevancy of immune signals in patients with MDS remains elusive. To address this, we used single‐sample gene‐set enrichment analysis to score immune signatures of bone marrow (BM) samples from 176 patients with primary MDS. Enhanced signatures of ‘immature dendritic cells’ and ‘natural killer cells with cluster of differentiation (CD)56bright’ were correlated with better overall survival (OS), whilst higher ‘CD103+ signature’ was associated with reduced survival. An MDS‐Immune‐Risk (MIR) scoring system was constructed based on the weighted sums derived from Cox regression analysis. High MIR scores were correlated with higher revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS‐R) scores and mutations in ASXL transcriptional regulator 1 (ASXL1), Runt‐related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1), and tumour protein p53 (TP53). High‐score patients had significantly inferior leukaemia‐free survival (LFS) and OS than low‐score patients. The prognostic significance of MIR scores for survival remained valid across IPSS‐R subgroups and was validated in two independent cohorts. Multivariable analysis revealed that a higher MIR score was an independent adverse risk factor for LFS and OS. We further proposed a model with the combination of MIR score and gene mutations to be complementary to IPSS‐R for the prognostication of LFS and OS of patients with MDS.
Lomustine and nimustine exert efficient antitumor effects against glioblastoma models with acquired temozolomide resistance
Authors: Yamamuro Shun , Takahashi Masamichi , Satomi Kaishi , Sasaki Nobuyoshi , Kobayashi Tatsuya , Uchida Eita , Kawauchi Daisuke , Nakano Tomoyuki , Fujii Takashi , Narita Yoshitaka , Kondo Akihide , Wada Kojiro , Yoshino Atsuo , Ichimura Koichi , Tomiyama Arata 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGlioblastomas (GBM) often acquire resistance against temozolomide (TMZ) after continuous treatment and recur as TMZ‐resistant GBM (TMZ‐R‐GBM). Lomustine (CCNU) and nimustine (ACNU), which were previously used as standard therapeutic agents against GBM before TMZ, have occasionally been used for the salvage therapy of TMZ‐R‐GBM; however, their efficacy has not yet been thoroughly examined. Therefore, we investigated the antitumor effects of CCNU and ACNU against TMZ‐R‐GBM. As a model of TMZ‐R‐GBM, TMZ resistant clones of human GBM cell lines (U87, U251MG, and U343MG) were established (TMZ‐R‐cells) by the culture of each GBM cells under continuous TMZ treatment, and the antitumor effects of TMZ, CCNU, or ACNU against these cells were analyzed in vitro and in vivo. As a result, although growth arrest and apoptosis were triggered in all TMZ‐R‐cells after the administration of each drug, the antitumor effects of TMZ against TMZ‐R‐cells were significantly reduced compared to those of parental cells, whereas CCNU and ACNU demonstrated efficient antitumor effects on TMZ‐R‐cells as well as parental cells. It was also demonstrated that TMZ resistance of TMZ‐R‐cells was regulated at the initiation of DNA damage response. Furthermore, survival in mice was significantly prolonged by systemic treatment with CCNU or ACNU but not TMZ after implantation of TMZ‐R‐cells. These findings suggest that CCNU or ACNU may serve as a therapeutic agent in salvage treatment against TMZ‐R‐GBM.