bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Long Shadow of Fatalism: a Philosophical Speculation on Forster’s “the Machine Stops” (1909) on the Disintegration of Technologically Advanced Societies Back Then and Today
Authors: Seele Peter 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEM Forster’s short story “The Machine Stops” from 1909 is widely reread and discussed again for some ten years as it portrays a science-fiction world resting on similar technological advancements as today in the digital era. Also management literature reviewed the short story with regard to centralized decision making, rationality and totalitarianism. I argue instead, that the main theme of the short story is – in Forster’s own words – the closing of a civilization in times of transition and facing major challenges. I built the argument by original quotes from Forster and by portraying the years 1906–9, when Forster developed the short story. This era before the Great War starting in 1914 was characterized by euphoric ‘futurism’ based on groundbreaking innovations like ‘long distance messaging’, ‘penny post’, ‘animated films’, Ford’s assembly line, ‘Olivetti typewriter’, ‘feature film’, ‘large ships’ and ‘air transportation’ – the ingredients of the short story as I argue. At the same time these acquitted years were characterized by increasing disintegration, instability, rebellions and a financial crisis with bailout programs. Based on the analogy and as part of speculative philosophy I reconstruct the current great challenges with Forster’ shadow of fatalism and arrive at the urgency to put more effort in addressing and researching pathways out of the crisis and towards stabilization of business and society.
Non-Newtonian effect on heat transfer and entropy generation of natural convection nanofluid flow inside a vertical wavy porous cavity
Authors: Tasmin Mahbuba , Nag Preetom , Hoque Zarin T. , Molla Md. Mamun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA numerical study on heat transfer and entropy generation in natural convection of non-Newtonian nanofluid flow has been explored within a differentially heated two-dimensional wavy porous cavity. In the present study, copper (Cu)–water nanofluid is considered for the investigation where the specific behavior of Cu nanoparticles in water is considered to behave as non-Newtonian based on previously established experimental results. The power-law model and the Brinkman-extended Darcy model has been used to characterize the non-Newtonian porous medium. The governing equations of the flow are solved using the finite volume method with the collocated grid arrangement. Numerical results are presented through streamlines, isotherms, local Nusselt number and entropy generation rate to study the effects of a range of Darcy number (Da), volume fractions (ϕ) of nanofluids, Rayleigh numbers (Ra), and the power-law index (n). Results show that the rate of heat transfer from the wavy wall to the medium becomes enhanced by decreasing the power-law index but increasing the volume fraction of nanoparticles. Increase of porosity level and buoyancy forces of the medium augments flow strength and results in a thinner boundary layer within the cavity. At negligible porosity level of the enclosure, effect of volume fraction of nanoparticles over thermal conductivity of the nanofluids is imperceptible. Interestingly, when the Darcy–Rayleigh number $$Ra^*\gg 10$$

R

a
∗

≫
10

, the power-law effect becomes more significant than the volume fraction effect in the augmentation of the convective heat transfer process. The local entropy generation is highly dominated by heat transfer irreversibility within the porous enclosure for all conditions of the flow medium. The particular wavy shape of the cavity strongly influences the heat transfer flow pattern and local entropy generation. Interestingly, contour graphs of local entropy generation and local Bejan number show a rotationally symmetric pattern of order two about the center of the wavy cavity.
Utilization of sugarcane factories’ wastes as inexpensive source of nutrients and CO2 for microalgal biomass production: process coupling and potential evaluation
Authors: Zewdie Deribew Tefera , Ali Abubeker Yimam 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOne approach for the viable production of algal biomass is to couple its production with wastewater treatment plants, power and/or industrial plants. This is intended towards the utilization of the nutrients and the CO2 in the wastewater and in the flue gases of the industry respectively by the microalgae during their growth. In the present study microalgal biomass production was conceptually coupled with a sugar factory. The potential of the wastewater and the flue gas of the factory to support the growth of the microalgae was evaluated. Likewise the possible reduction of pollution by the microalgae was studied. The outputs from the coupled process were determined using the material and energy balance approach with a spread sheet. The cultivation model shows that 12 mg of total nitrogen (TN) and 7.4 mg of total phosphorus (TP) per liter of wastewater could be transferred to the algal growth ponds. It was found that there is a nitrogen deficit in the wastewater. With the supply of makeup nutrient, 120.5 tons/year microalgal biomass could be produced from the coupled process. Application of the assumptions resulted in the reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) (mg O2/L) from 2200 to 447, biological oxygen demand (BOD5) (mg O2/L) from 1200 to 207, TN (mg/L) from 15 to 0.6 and, TP (mg/L) from 10 to 1.5 in the wastewater. Integration of the sugarcane processing factories with algal biomass production is important for both biomass production and bioremediation.
OGP: A Repository of Experimentally Characterized O-Glycoproteins to Facilitate Studies on O-Glycosylation
Authors: Huang Jiangming , Wu Mengxi , Zhang Yang , Kong Siyuan , Liu Mingqi , Jiang Biyun , Yang Pengyuan , Cao Weiqian 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Numerous studies on cancers, biopharmaceuticals, and clinical trials have necessitated comprehensive and precise analysis of protein O-glycosylation. However, the lack of updated and convenient databases deters the storage of and reference to emerging O-glycoprotein data. To resolve this issue, an O-glycoprotein repository named OGP was established in this work. It was constructed with a collection of O-glycoprotein data from different sources. OGP contains 9354 O-glycosylation sites and 11,633 site-specific O-glycans mapping to 2133 O-glycoproteins, and it is the largest O-glycoprotein repository thus far. Based on the recorded O-glycosylation sites, an O-glycosylation site prediction tool was developed. Moreover, an OGP-based website is already available (https://www.oglyp.org/). The website comprises four specially designed and user-friendly modules: statistical analysis, database search, site prediction, and data submission. The first version of OGP repository and the website allow users to obtain various O-glycoprotein-related information, such as protein accession Nos., O-glycosylation sites, O-glycopeptide sequences, site-specific O-glycan structures, experimental methods, and potential O-glycosylation sites. O-glycosylation data mining can be performed efficiently on this website, which will greatly facilitate related studies. In addition, the database is accessible from OGP website (https://www.oglyp.org/download.php).
Cost Analysis of Pancreaticoduodenectomy at a High-Volume Robotic Hepatopancreaticobiliary Surgery Program
Authors: Rosemurgy Alexander , Ross Sharona , Bourdeau Timothy , Jacob Kevin , Thomas Ja'Karri , Przetocki Valerie , Luberice Kenneth , Sucandy Iswanto 
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND:
The robotic approach to pancreaticoduodenectomy is thought by many to be associated with increased financial burden for hospitals. We undertook this study to analyze and compare the cost of “open” pancreaticoduodenectomy with that associated with the application of the robotic surgical system to pancreaticoduodenectomy in our hepatobiliary program.

STUDY DESIGN:
With IRB approval, all patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy at our institution, from August 2012 to November 2019, were prospectively followed. Cost, including total, variable, fixed-direct, fixed-indirect, and profitability for robotic and “open” pancreaticoduodenectomy were analyzed and compared. Data are presented as median (mean ± SD).

RESULTS:
There were 386 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy; 205 patients underwent robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy and 181 underwent “open” pancreaticoduodenectomy. Costs are presented as mean ± SD. Overall, the cost of care for robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy was $31,389 ($36,611 ± $20,545.40) vs $23,132 ($31,323 ± $28,885.50) for “open” pancreaticoduodenectomy (p = 0.04); total variable cost was $20,355 ($22,747 ± $11,127.60) vs $11,680 ($16,032 ± $14,817.20) (p = 0.01), total fixed direct cost was $1,999 ($2,330 ± $1,363.10) vs $2,073 ($2,983 ± $3,209.00) (p = 0.01), and total indirect cost was $7,217 ($9,354 ± $6,802.40) vs $6,802 ($9,505 ± $9,307.20) (p = 0.86), for robotic vs “open” pancreaticoduodenectomy, respectively. Since 2016, profitability was achieved in 29% of patients undergoing robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy.

CONCLUSIONS:
Robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy had lower estimated blood loss and shorter length of stay. Cost of care for robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy was greater across all categories, except for total indirect cost, than “open” pancreaticoduodenectomy. For our institution, profitability was accomplished in less than one-third of patients undergoing robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy. The role of the robotic platform for pancreaticoduodenectomy needs to be discussed among all stakeholders.
Nonspecial varieties and generalised Lang–Vojta conjectures
Authors: Rousseau Erwan , Turchet Amos , Wang Julie Tzu-Yueh 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We construct a family of fibred threefolds

$X_m \to (S , \Delta )$

such that

$X_m$

has no étale cover that dominates a variety of general type but it dominates the orbifold

$(S,\Delta )$

of general type. Following Campana, the threefolds

$X_m$

are called weakly special but not special. The Weak Specialness Conjecture predicts that a weakly special variety defined over a number field has a potentially dense set of rational points. We prove that if m is big enough, the threefolds

$X_m$

present behaviours that contradict the function field and analytic analogue of the Weak Specialness Conjecture. We prove our results by adapting the recent method of Ru and Vojta. We also formulate some generalisations of known conjectures on exceptional loci that fit into Campana’s program and prove some cases over function fields.
Numerical experiments on firn isotope diffusion with the Community Firn Model
Authors: Gkinis Vasileios , Holme Christian , Kahle Emma C. , Stevens Max C. , Steig Eric J. , Vinther Bo M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAdvances in analytical methods have made it possible to obtain high-resolution water isotopic data from ice cores. Their spectral signature contains information on the diffusion process that attenuated the isotopic signal during the firn densification process. Here, we provide a tool for estimating firn-diffusion rates that builds on the Community Firn Model. Our model requires two main inputs, temperature and accumulation, and it calculates the diffusion lengths for δ17O, δ18O and δD. Prior information on the isotopic signal of the precipitation is not a requirement. In combination with deconvolution techniques, diffusion lengths can be used in order reconstruct the pre-diffusion isotopic signal. Furthermore, the temperature dependence of the isotope diffusion and firn densification makes the diffusion length an interesting candidate as a temperature proxy. We test the model under steady state and transient scenarios and compare four densification models. Comparisons with ice core data provide an evaluation of the four models and indicate that there are differences in their performance. Combining data-based diffusion length estimates with information on past accumulation rates and ice flow thinning, we reconstruct absolute temperatures from three Antarctic ice core sites.
Dialogue in polarized societies: women’s encounters with multiple others
Authors: Çelik Ayşe Betül , Göker Zeynep Gülru 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBased on the analysis of a meeting with nineteen women from civil society with diverse backgrounds, invited to discuss what has gone wrong in Turkey’s Kurdish peace process and what women can do for peace in a highly polarized atmosphere, this article explores women’s dialogue in a conflict situation. With insights from deliberative and agonistic perspectives, the article shows that in a multiple-identity conflict, topical shifts in dialogue are accompanied by shifting alliances. The search for mutual definitions on conflictual issues renders the deliberation of sensitive issues difficult, so women circumvent polarizing discourses through indirect and covert language. However, the discussion of gender-based experiences with direct, contestational language helps women underline shared issues and address resentments. Dialogue’s transformative potential also depends on the existence of trust and an intersectionality perspective for which further dialogic initiatives should develop strategies.
Adjuvant therapy in the management of operable salivary duct carcinoma: correlating evidence with a retrospective review
Authors: Venkatasai Jeyaanth , Das Anindita , Kaliamurthi Punitha , Sasidharan Balu Krishna , Mathew Manu , Singh Ashish , Irodi Aparna , Thomas Meera , John Subhashini , Michael Rajiv C. , Tirkey Amit J. , Isiah Rajesh , Pavamani Simon 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground:Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is an extremely rare and aggressive subtype of salivary gland cancer with high morbidity and mortality and poor response to treatment. The current options of treatment include radical surgery followed by radiotherapy (RT) with or without chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to analyse the patterns of recurrences, possible predictors of outcome and role of RT in a cohort of patients with non-metastatic SDC.Methods:A retrospective review of patients treated between 2010 and 2019 with histologically proven non-metastatic SDC was conducted.Results:Sixteen patients were included in the series. Median follow-up was 25 months. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) at 12 months were 61% and 80%, respectively. Seven out of the 16 patients had disease progression, distant metastases being most frequent. Four patients died due to disease progression. PFS was significantly worse for patients with pathological neck node positivity (p = 0·036) and peri-parotid nodes (p = 0·007). Local control was significantly associated with RT (p = 0·011). Addition of any chemotherapy, regardless of either concurrent or adjuvant, had no impact on the PFS or OS. Pathological neck node positivity with nodal stage of N2 or higher correlated significantly with worse OS (p = 0·031).Conclusion:Salivary ductal carcinoma is an aggressive malignancy with high metastatic potential. Inferior prognosis was observed among patients who had metastatic deposits in either cervical nodes or peri-parotid nodes on histopathology. As systemic failures are more predominant among these patients, larger prospective trials are needed to formulate an optimum strategy for choice and sequencing of first-line systemic therapy.
Internal barriers to efficiency: why disinvestments are so difficult. Identifying and addressing internal barriers to disinvestment of health technologies
Authors: Hofmann Bjørn 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAlthough efficiency is a core concept in health economics, its impact on health care practice still is modest. Despite an increased pressure on resource allocation, a widespread use of low-value care is identified. Nonetheless, disinvestments are rare. Why is this so? This is the key question of this paper: why are disinvestments not more prevalent and improving the efficiency of the health care system, given their sound foundation in health economics, their morally important rationale, the significant evidence for a long list of low-value care and available alternatives? Although several external barriers to disinvestments have been identified, this paper looks inside us for mental mechanisms that hamper rational assessment, implementation, use and disinvestment of health technologies. Critically identifying and assessing internal inclinations, such as cognitive biases, affective biases and imperatives, is the first step toward a more rational handling of health technologies. In order to provide accountable and efficient care we must engage in the quest against the figments of our minds; to disinvest in low-value care in order to provide high-value health care.
Euphotic Zone Metabolism in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre Based on Oxygen Dynamics
Authors: Ferrón Sara , Barone Benedetto , Church Matthew J. , White Angelicque E. , Karl David M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe report in situ rates of gross oxygen production (GOP), community respiration (R), and net community production (NCP) in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre derived from mixed layer O2/Ar measurements. The measurements were conducted between November 2013 and January 2019 at the site of the Hawaii Ocean Time‐series program. Biological O2 concentration anomalies in the mixed layer showed a consistent diel variation, with values increasing during daytime due to net community production and decreasing during nighttime due to respiration. In situ mixed layer GOP and R, determined from these variations, covaried but showed no clear seasonal pattern, averaging 0.9 and 0.8 mmol O2 m−3 d−1, respectively. In situ rates of NCP determined from mixed layer O2/Ar ranged between −1.2 and 16.6 mmol O2 m−2 d−1. Our analyses indicate that at certain times of the year the diapycnal flux of O2 across the base of the mixed layer may be non‐negligible and, therefore, a fraction of O2/Ar‐derived NCP may form below the mixed layer. The seasonal climatology of NCP below the mixed layer (down to 150 m) was also estimated using near‐monthly changes in dissolved O2 concentrations. These calculations allowed us to estimate NCP for the entire euphotic zone (0–150 m), which shows pronounced seasonality, with a maximum in April‐May and a minimum in December, when the ecosystem becomes temporarily net heterotrophic. Annual NCP was estimated to be 2.1 ± 0.6 mol O2 m−2 yr−1, approximately 1.7 times the export of C through sinking particles captured in sediment traps at 150 m.
Zonal‐Scale of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation and Its Propagation Speed on the Interannual Time‐Scale
Authors: Lyu Mengxia , Jiang Xianan , Wu Zhiwei , Kim Daehyun , Adames Ángel F. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWhile no significant long‐term trend in the propagation speed of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) in boreal winter is found during the past decades, pronounced year‐to‐year variability of the MJO phase speed is illustrated by analyzing a century‐long record data set. During the winters when fast MJO propagation is observed, the MJO exhibits a much larger zonal‐scale than that during the winters with slow propagation. A broader extension in MJO circulation effectively induces stronger and broader lower‐tropospheric moistening (drying) to the east (west) of MJO through horizontal moisture advection, prompting a faster MJO phase speed. The larger MJO zonal‐scale during the fast MJO propagation winters is coincident with anomalously increased background sea surface temperatures and precipitable water over both the western Indian Ocean and central/eastern Pacific, reminiscent of an expansion of the Indo‐Pacific warm pool. A fundamental question remains open regarding the key processes that determine the zonal‐scale of MJO organization.
COVID‐19 Crisis Reduces Free Tropospheric Ozone Across the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Steinbrecht Wolfgang , Kubistin Dagmar , Plass‐Dülmer Christian , Davies Jonathan , Tarasick David W. , von der Gathen Peter , Deckelmann Holger , Jepsen Nis , Kivi Rigel , Lyall Norrie , Palm Matthias , Notholt Justus , Kois Bogumil , Oelsner Peter , Allaart Marc , Piters Ankie , Gill Michael , Van Malderen Roeland , Delcloo Andy W. , Sussmann Ralf , Mahieu Emmanuel , Servais Christian , Romanens Gonzague , Stübi Rene , Ancellet Gerard , Godin‐Beekmann Sophie , Yamanouchi Shoma , Strong Kimberly , Johnson Bryan , Cullis Patrick , Petropavlovskikh Irina , Hannigan James W. , Hernandez Jose‐Luis , Diaz Rodriguez Ana , Nakano Tatsumi , Chouza Fernando , Leblanc Thierry , Torres Carlos , Garcia Omaira , Röhling Amelie N. , Schneider Matthias , Blumenstock Thomas , Tully Matt , Paton‐Walsh Clare , Jones Nicholas , Querel Richard , Strahan Susan , Stauffer Ryan M. , Thompson Anne M. , Inness Antje , Engelen Richard , Chang Kai‐Lan , Cooper Owen R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThroughout spring and summer 2020, ozone stations in the northern extratropics recorded unusually low ozone in the free troposphere. From April to August, and from 1 to 8 kilometers altitude, ozone was on average 7% (≈4 nmol/mol) below the 2000–2020 climatological mean. Such low ozone, over several months, and at so many stations, has not been observed in any previous year since at least 2000. Atmospheric composition analyses from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service and simulations from the NASA GMI model indicate that the large 2020 springtime ozone depletion in the Arctic stratosphere contributed less than one‐quarter of the observed tropospheric anomaly. The observed anomaly is consistent with recent chemistry‐climate model simulations, which assume emissions reductions similar to those caused by the COVID‐19 crisis. COVID‐19 related emissions reductions appear to be the major cause for the observed reduced free tropospheric ozone in 2020.
Modulation of Magnetospheric Substorm Frequency: Dipole Tilt and IMF By Effects
Authors: Ohma A. , Reistad J. P. , Hatch S. M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSubstorm activity is heavily influenced by the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) Bz component and magnetospheric substorms occur most frequently when Bz is strongly negative. The substorm occurrence rate is also affected by the magnitude of the By component, but it is usually presumed that this contribution is independent of the sign of By. Using five independent substorm onset lists, we show that substorm activity does depend on the sign of By near the solstices. Specifically, we show that substorms occur more frequently when By and the dipole tilt angle Ψ have different signs as opposed to when they have the same sign. These results confirm that the magnetosphere exhibits an explicit dependence on the polarity of By for nonzero Ψ, as other recent studies have suggested, and imply variation in the dayside reconnection rate and/or the magnetotail response. On the other hand, we find no clear relationship between substorm intensity and By regardless of Ψ. Last, for the onset list based on identifying negative bays at auroral latitudes, we observe an overall trend of more frequent onsets for positive By, regardless of season. However, substorm frequency in the other four substorm lists does not exhibit an overall preference for positive By. We show that this phenomenon is very likely a consequence of the particular substorm identification method (i.e., identification of negative bays), which is affected by local ionospheric conditions that depend on By and Ψ.