bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A QoS provisioning architecture of fiber wireless network based on XGPON and IEEE 802.11ac
Authors: Mohammadani Khalid H. , Butt Rizwan A. , Memon Kamran A. , Pirzado Azhar A. , Faheem Muhammad , Abro Adeel , Ali Babar , Ain Noor-ul 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The integration of the XGPON network with the 5G WLAN network is a suitable solution for next-generation high-speed access Internet service. We demonstrated the integration of two different standards via the QoS concept. Further, this work also presents a proper mapping scheme of QoS traffic between XG-PON and fifth-generation Wi-Fi standards known as IEEE 802.11ac. The analysis assessment compares the behavior of different IEEE 802.11ac standards with XGPON with-respect-to multimedia traffic in the FiWi network. To assess the performance of the FiWi network, the OMNET++ and INET framework are used to carrying out a comparative analysis in terms of upstream (US) delay and fairness index. The study concludes that the EDCA Wi-Fi module has better performance than the DCF Wi-Fi module with the integrated XGPON system for the FiWi access network.
A photonic crystal based de-multiplexer with uniform channel spacing
Authors: Hassangholizadeh-Kashtiban Mahdi , Fathi Emamali , Hassanlou Asghar 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Having uniform channel spacing is very important for all optical communication networks. In spite of its importance designing optical de-multiplexer with uniform channel spacing seems to be very complicated. In this paper we proposed an all optical de-multiplexer with uniform channels spacing. Four high quality factor ring resonator were used for designing the desired structure. In the proposed structure the output channels are at 1555.2, 1556.2, 1557.2 and 1558.2 nm. The channel spacing for all of the adjacent channels are 1 nm. Also for the final structure the quality factor values vary from 7758 to 15,582.
Optimal timing to screen for asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy: first vs. second trimester
Authors: Langermans Lisa-Marie , Cools Wilfried , Van Limbergen Ingrid , Gucciardo Leonardo , Faron Gilles 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Although current guidelines advice to screen for asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy, little is known about the best moment of testing. The goal of this study is to analyze the optimal timing (first vs. second trimester) to screen for asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy.

Methods
A retrospective cohort analysis, comparing patients that were screened for asymptomatic bacteriuria in the first vs. second trimester was performed. The main question was to compare the rate of positive urinary culture in both trimesters. Study included patients all followed a prenatal consultation at the University Hospital of Brussels between 2012 and 2017. Other outcomes considered were the nature of identified germs, treatments, possible risk and confounding factors (age, BMI, gravidity-parity-abortus [GPA], type of conception, ethnicity, education, prior urinary tract infection (UTI), diabetes, hypertension, prior preterm delivery and sickle cell disease) and complications (UTI, preterm delivery, preterm rupture of the membranes and chorio-amnionitis).

Results
A total of 2,005 consecutive files were reviewed, 655 concerned patients screened during the first trimester group and 1,350 in the second trimester group. Asymptomatic bacteriuria was present in only 71 cases (3.54%), 23 in the first trimester group (3.50%) and 48 in the second trimester group (3.55%). Escherichia coli was the most frequently identified germ (37 cases (1.8%), 14 in the first trimester group and 23 in the second trimester group). Our logistic regression analysis shows no statistical difference according to the moment the urinary culture was done for the presence of asymptomatic bacteriuria (E. coli or others), for its association with hospitalization for pyelonephritis, preterm contractions, preterm pre-labor rupture of the membranes (PPROM) and/or preterm delivery.

Conclusions
If recommendations remain to screen for asymptomatic bacteriuria at least once during pregnancy, this study indicates that the moment of testing (first vs. second trimester) has no clinical impact on obstetrical outcomes.
Amniotic fluid embolism – implementation of international diagnosis criteria and subsequent pregnancy recurrence risk
Authors: Cahan Tal , De Castro Hila , Kalter Anat , Simchen Michal J. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objectives
An international diagnostic criterion for amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) diagnosis has recently been published. Data regarding subsequent pregnancies is scarce. We sought to implement recent diagnostic criteria and detail subsequent pregnancies in survivors.

Methods
A case series of all suspected AFE cases at a tertiary medical center between 2003 and 2018 is presented. Cases meeting the diagnostic criteria for AFE were included. Clinical presentation, treatment, and outcomes described. Pregnancy outcomes in subsequent pregnancies in AFE survivors detailed.

Results
Between 2003 and 2018 14 women were clinically suspected with AFE and 12 of them (85.71%) met the diagnostic criteria for AFE. Three cases occurred during midtrimester dilation and evacuation procedures, and the remaining occurred in the antepartum period. Of the antepartum cases, mode of delivery was cesarean delivery or vacuum extraction for expedited delivery due to presentation of AFE in 8/9 cases (88.88%). Clinical presentation included cardiovascular collapse, respiratory distress and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC). Heart failure of varying severity was diagnosed in 75% (9/12) cases. Composite maternal morbidity was 5/12 (41.66%), without cases of maternal mortality. 11 subsequent pregnancies occurred in four AFE survivors. Pregnant women were followed by a high-risk pregnancy specialist and multidisciplinary team if pregnancy continued beyond the early second trimester. Six pregnancies resulted in a term delivery. No recurrences of AFE were documented.

Conclusions
Use of a diagnostic criterion for diagnosis of AFE results in a more precise diagnosis of AFE. Nevertheless, the accuracy of clinical diagnosis is still high. Subsequent pregnancies were not associated with AFE recurrence.
The relator noun construction in Assamese
Authors: Bez Gitanjali 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of relator noun constructions in Assamese, an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the eastern part of India by a majority of people living in the state of Assam. The construction consists of a relator noun that functions as a head, and a genitive case marked noun that functions as a dependent. Semantically, most of the relator nouns encode spatial relation, such as place, path. However, some other relator nouns signal other relations, such as the ‘for’, ‘about’ etc. The occurrence of relator nouns is not an unusual phenomenon in Indo-Aryan languages. It has been analyzed as adpositions in many Indo-Aryan languages. However, I argue that the syntax of Assamese does not allow this analysis. It forms a distinct syntactic category, the behaviour of which is not similar to adpositions. Further, Assamese shares some close affinity regarding the relator noun construction with the neighbouring Tibeto-Burman languages such as Boro and Dimasa, rather than with the Indo-Aryan languages. Thus, this paper further investigates whether the resemblance occurs as a result of language contact or by accident.
Reductionist Intellectual Property Protection and Expansionist (and “Prodevelopment”) Competition Rules as a Human Rights Imperative? Enhancing Technology Transfer to the Global South
Authors: Beiter Klaus D. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Increasingly, the economy of industrialised countries moves away from being based on a multiplicity of independent innovators to one characterised by cross-licensing and the pooling of intellectual property (IP) rights. Competition law is accorded a more limited role. Refusals to license or restrictive licence terms are tolerated. This paradigm emphasises the innovation at the expense of the dissemination rationale of IP and competition law. The pressure on developing countries is to follow suit. However, this approach jeopardises overcoming the technology dependence of these states. Yet, the political consensus underlying the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) was that, in exchange for IP rights protection, a transfer and dissemination of technology benefiting the global South would occur. This has not taken place so far. Taking this promise seriously requires according an enhanced, more social role to competition law. Articles 8(2), 31 and 40 of TRIPS – the TRIPS competition rules – could be interpreted in a way to accomplish this. This article argues in favour of a “prodevelopment” approach to IP-related competition law. This could be viewed as a demand of the rule of law at the international level. On the one hand, treaties such as TRIPS are to be interpreted in good faith. On the other, public interest and human rights considerations justify, as it were, require, such an approach. Articles 7 and 8 of TRIPS can play a crucial role in this regard. They reflect such public interest considerations as “object and purpose” of TRIPS. They also provide a link to international human rights law (IHRL). IHRL protects a (group) right to development, confirming “policy space” for World Trade Organization (WTO) members and the freedom to opt for a competition law model that facilitates dissemination. The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) further protects various economic, social and cultural rights, including the right to enjoy the benefits of scientific progress and its applications (REBSPA). These rights may be said to give rise to “transfer and dissemination of technology” as a human right. Duties under the right to development and “territorial” and “extraterritorial” human rights obligations (ETOs) under the ICESCR support an understanding of competition law which is pro development, which takes account of local access and welfare needs. The article concludes with a set of 10 consolidated considerations for a “prodevelopment” IP-related competition law.
Individual Social Capital of Librarians: Results of Research Conducted in 20 Countries
Authors: Wojciechowska Maja 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Social capital is a concept that has attracted increased interest among researchers in social science. It was originally introduced to sociological literature in the 1970s by Pierre Bourdieu. The term “social capital” is used to signify a set of specific behaviours and social interactions that many researchers associate with a positive impact on various aspects of human life. These include: democracy, economic development, effective governance, development of communities, education and culture, individual and public health and wellbeing, or even crime prevention. It is often claimed now that libraries as institutions intended to satisfy the intellectual needs of a society and stimulate social development may participate in the development of this capital. The paper presents the results of research on individual social capital of librarians in 20 countries across the world.
The status and ecology of the sand cat in the Uruq Bani Ma’arid Protected Area, Empty Quarter of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Amin Rajan , Wacher Tim , Bruce Tom , Barichievy Chris 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The sand cat is one of the world’s least studied small cats. Our camera-trap survey, one of the largest undertaken in a desert system, generated over 1500 images of the species across 100 camera-traps distributed systematically over the 2400 km2 core area of the Uruq Bani Ma’arid Protected Area of the Empty Quarter, Saudi Arabia. The study revealed a much more significant and widespread sand cat population in the ecosystem than previously understood. Sand cats were detected across one-third of the core area in all major habitats, comprising escarpment plateau, sand dunes and interdunal gravel valleys. The species showed a marginal preference for the interior parallel dune system with interspersed gravel valleys where they also preferred sand dunes over the gravel valley in the hot season. There was no evidence of strong spatial interactions with other predators. The ecosystem’s larger predators (Arabian red fox and honey badger, and all records of wild and feral cats) were primarily associated with the escarpment plateau. The smaller Rueppell’s fox was the only other carnivore more consistently present in the main dune system. Sand cats were strictly nocturnal and 14% more active in the hot season than the cool season.
Discretization and machine learning approximation of BSDEs with a constraint on the Gains-process
Authors: Kharroubi Idris , Lim Thomas , Warin Xavier 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We study the approximation of backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs for short) with a constraint on the gains process. We first discretize the constraint by applying a so-called facelift operator at times of a grid. We show that this discretely constrained BSDE converges to the continuously constrained one as the mesh grid converges to zero. We then focus on the approximation of the discretely constrained BSDE. For that we adopt a machine learning approach. We show that the facelift can be approximated by an optimization problem over a class of neural networks under constraints on the neural network and its derivative. We then derive an algorithm converging to the discretely constrained BSDE as the number of neurons goes to infinity. We end by numerical experiments.
Rare squamous cell carcinoma of the kidney with concurrent xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Chang Tsung-Hsin , Tseng Jen-Shu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Case presentation
In the current study, we report a 69-year-old female patient who was initially diagnosed with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGPN) with nephrolithiasis and a peri-renal abscess. She presented to our department with right flank pain. Physical examination revealed right costovertebral angle knocking pain and computed tomography revealed dilated calyces and one staghorn stone over right kidney, with multiple abscess accumulations over the right peri-renal region. Right radical nephrectomy was performed using a transperitoneal flank approach, and pathology revealed squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with concurrent XGPN. The patient was alive at 4 months post-operative follow-up. To the best of our knowledge, this is only the fifth case of renal SCC with concurrent XGPN reported in the English medical literature.

Conclusion
Renal SCC with coexisting XGPN is an extremely rare presentation and only four cases have been previously reported in the English medical literature. A positive diagnosis for this rare combination of diseases was established, based on pathological and immunohistochemical examinations after radical nephrectomy. Poor prognosis has been reported in such cases. Malignancies should be considered in patients with a long-standing history of urolithiasis.
COVID-19 vaccine: Call for employees in international transportation industries and international travelers as the first priority in global distribution
Authors: Yu Zhuo , Wang Gang , Goldman Emanuel , Zangerl Barbara , Xie Ning , Cao Yanhong , Chen Jingyu , Day Sara W. , Howard Scott C. , Maida Marcello , Ray Kunal , Jablonski Monica M. , Ji Jiafu , Postlethwaite Arnold , Gu Weikuan , Sun Dianjun , Aleya Lotfi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
While countries are in a hurry to obtain SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, we are concerned with the availability of vaccine and whether a vaccine will be available to all in need. We predicted three possible scenarios for vaccine distributions and urge an international united action on the worldwide equitable access. In case the international community does not reach a consensus on how to distribute the vaccine to achieve worldwide equitable access, we call for a distribution plan that includes the employees in international transportation industries and international travelers to halt the disease transmission and promote the recovery of the global economy.
Polymerization mechanisms initiated by spatio-temporally confined light
Authors: Skliutas Edvinas , Lebedevaite Migle , Kabouraki Elmina , Baldacchini Tommaso , Ostrauskaite Jolita , Vamvakaki Maria , Farsari Maria , Juodkazis Saulius , Malinauskas Mangirdas 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Ultrafast laser 3D lithography based on non-linear light–matter interactions, widely known as multi-photon lithography (MPL), offers unrivaled precision rapid prototyping and flexible additive manufacturing options. 3D printing equipment based on MPL is already commercially available, yet there is still no comprehensive understanding of factors determining spatial resolution, accuracy, fabrication throughput, repeatability, and standardized metrology methods for the accurate characterization of the produced 3D objects and their functionalities. The photoexcitation mechanisms, spatial-control or photo-modified volumes, and the variety of processable materials are topics actively investigated. The complexity of the research field is underlined by a limited understanding and fragmented knowledge of light-excitation and material response. Research to date has only provided case-specific findings on photoexcitation, chemical modification, and material characterization of the experimental data. In this review, we aim to provide a consistent and comprehensive summary of the existing literature on photopolymerization mechanisms under highly confined spatial and temporal conditions, where, besides the excitation and cross-linking, parameters such as diffusion, temperature accumulation, and the finite amount of monomer molecules start to become of critical importance. Key parameters such as photoexcitation, polymerization kinetics, and the properties of the additively manufactured materials at the nanoscale in 3D are examined, whereas, the perspectives for future research and as well as emerging applications are outlined.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[trans-tetraaqua(μ2-1,1′-(biphenyl-4,4′-diyl)bis(1H-imidazol)-k2N:N′)cobalt(II)] dinitrate – 1,1′-(biphenyl-4,4′-diyl)bis(1H-imidazol) – water (1/3/2), C72H68CoN18O12
Authors: Li Huixing , Han Xinlong , Cao Bin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
C72H68CoN18O12, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P&#x203e;{1}$

(no. 2), a = 9.2801(10) Å, b = 11.6017(11) Å, c = 16.4968(15) Å, α = 96.294(8)°, β = 96.371(8)°, γ = 105.025(9)°, V = 1687.0(3) Å3, Z = 1, R

gt
(F) = 0.0631, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1043, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of bis(μ2-2-oxido-2-phenylacetate-κ3
O:O,O′)-bis(1-isopropoxy-2-oxo-2-phenylethan-1-olato-κ2O,O′)-bis(propan-2-olato-κ1O)dititanium(IV), C44H52O14Ti2
Authors: Youzhu Yu , Yuhua Guo , Yongsheng Niu , Nana Liu , Hongfei Zhang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
C44H52O14Ti2, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 15.0005(7) Å, b = 15.9478(8) Å, c = 18.4438(10) Å, V = 4412.2(4) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0372, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1089, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of [(μ2-succinato κ3
O,O′:O′′)-bis-(5,5,7,12,12,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane)]dinickel(II)] diperchlorate, dihydrate C36H82Cl2N8Ni2O15
Authors: Li Wen-Yi , Ou Guang-Chuan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
C36H82Cl2N8Ni2O15, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 17.657(3) Å, b = 16.047(3) Å, c = 18.346(3) Å, β = 109.062(4)°, V = 4913.2(16) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0561, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1664, T = 173(2) K.
Crystal structure of tetrakis(μ-naphthalene-1-carboxylato-κ
2
O,O′)bis(methanol)copper(II), C46H36Cu2O10
Authors: Shi Li‐Qin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
C46H36Cu2O10, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 32.663(7) Å, b = 7.4214(15) Å, c = 21.785(4) Å, β = 131.68(3)°, V = 3944.0(19) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0478, wRref
(F
2) = 0.1583, T = 295 K.
Mitochondria and traffic-related air pollution linked coronary artery calcification: exploring the missing link
Authors: Sivakumar Bhavana , Kurian Gino A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The continuing increase in the exposure to Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) in the general population is predicted to result in a higher incidence of non-communicable diseases like cardiovascular disease. The chronic exposure of air particulate matter from TRAP upon the vascular system leads to the enhancement of deposition of calcium in the vasculature leading to coronary artery calcification (CAC), triggered by inflammatory reactions and endothelial dysfunction. This calcification forms within the intimal and medial layers of vasculature and the underlying mechanism that connects the trigger from TRAP is not well explored. Several local and systemic factors participate in this active process including inflammatory response, hyperlipidemia, presence of self-programmed death bodies and high calcium-phosphate concentrations. These factors along with the loss of molecules that inhibit calcification and circulating nucleation complexes influence the development of calcification in the vasculature. The loss of defense to prevent osteogenic transition linked to micro organelle dysfunction that includes deteriorated mitochondria, elevated mitochondrial oxidative stress, and defective mitophagy. In this review, we examine the contributory role of mitochondria involved in the mechanism of TRAP linked CAC development. Further we examine whether TRAP is an inducer or trigger for the enhanced progression of CAC.
A review on TiO2-based composites for superior photocatalytic activity
Authors: Al Zoubi Wail , Salih Al-Hamdani Abbas Ali , Sunghun Baek , Ko Young Gun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Heterogeneous photocatalysts was a promising material for removing organic pollutants. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) was a suitable photocatalyst for its cost efficiency and high stability to reduce various pollutants. Enhancing TiO2 photocatalyst performance by doping with changed metals or non-metal ions and organic compounds have been reviewed. These methods could enhance photoelectrochemical activity via: (i) by a donor of electrons via electron-donor agents that would produce particular defects in TiO2 structure and capture transporters of charge; (ii) by reducing recombination rate of the charge transporters and increasing degradation of pollutants. This study investigates the modification approaches of TiO2 that comprise methods for overcoming the essential TiO2 restrictions and enhancing the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. Consequently, it emphasized on the current progress of modified-TiO2 used for different pollutants in ambient conditions. Amendment techniques, such as inorganic and organic parts as doping, are studied. The reported experimental results obtained with the photocatalytic oxidation process for degrading organic pollutants were also collected and assessed.
External Peer Challenge in Local Government: The Role of Spatial Spillover and Past Performance
Authors: Jäkel Tim 
Published: January 2021

AbstractVoluntary assessments by a team of critical friends (external peer challenges) among local governments became established as popular complement to compulsory and centralized audits and inspections. This study empirically investigates the decision of English local authorities to have a voluntary peer challenge or not by taking advantage of an original dataset about participation in the Local Government Association’s Peer Challenge Programme (CPC) 2010–2015. We find that the LGA’s CPC programme does not carry a risk of leaving behind authorities with performance shortcomings. Councils with poor past performance scores and those with excellent ones do not differ in their tendency to invite a team of critical friends. Spatial clusters exist in the case of small district councils but not in the case of larger unitary authorities, London boroughs and metropolitan authorities. This implies that the corporate peer challenge process seems to be more suited to small authorities delivering community based services.