bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rules and regulations for a pregnant endourologist: the European perspective
Authors: Juliebø-Jones Patrick , Pietropaolo Amelia , Spinoit Anne-Francoise , Bergesen Anne K. , Guðbrandsdottir Gigja , Beisland Christian , von Ostau Nicola , Harke Nina N. , Ribal Maria J. , Zerva Maria , Bres-Niewada Ewa , Zondervan Patricia , McLornan Liza , Ferretti Stefania , Tonnhofer Ursula , Necknig Ulrike Hendrika , Skolarikos Andreas , Somani Bhaskar K. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Working in surgery while pregnant is challenging. Navigating this period safely is of paramount importance. Anecdotal observation suggests that there exists great variation among European nations in regard to maternity leave and radiation safety.
The aim of this article was to gain insight into policy patterns and variations across Europe regarding these issues.

Methods
A series of core question items was distributed to representatives across 12 nations Austria, Belgium, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Republic of Ireland, Spain and the United Kingdom).

Results
The total number of weeks with full pay ranged from as little as 4 weeks in Belgium to 32 and Iceland. All countries included in this study give the option of additional weeks beyond the initial period, however at reduced pay. Some offer unpaid leave beyond this. Only 5/12 countries had a specific policy on when the pregnant surgeon should come off the on-call rota. Only Austria, Italy and Poland stipulate a requirement for the pregnant clinician to be replaced or be completely exempt in cases involving radiation. Only Germany, Iceland, Norway and Poland highlight the need to limit radiation dose in the first trimester. Beyond this, Germany alone provides written guidance for reduction in gown weight and along with Poland, display arguably the most forward-thinking approach to resting.

Conclusion
There is a marked range in maternal leave policies across Europe. There also exists a lack of universal guidance on radiation safety for the pregnant urologist. There is urgent need for this void to be addressed.
Is there evidence behind pre- or perioperative cognitive training in gynaecological patients on the prevention of perioperative cognitive dysfunction? A review
Authors: Volz Sophia , Koch Franziska , Dayan Davud , Upadhyay Miriam , Otto Stephanie , Schochter Fabienne , Janni Wolfgang , Ebner Florian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Perioperative cognitive dysfunction can be observed in all age groups of patients. Sometimes, this is more stressful to the patient than the actual surgical wound. Enhanced recovery after surgery pathways screen for patients at risk and lead to early post-surgical intervention. To prevent cognitive dysfunction, a prehabilitation approach might be useful.

Methods
This systematic literature review provides an overview on the current knowledge on prehabilitation for cognitive dysfunction for gynaecological patients by searching the National Library of Medicine (PubMed) in February 2020 to identify publications regarding presurgical cognitive training with three different search terms.

Results
501 articles were identified and after screening for eligibility five were left for further analysis. Generally, cognitive function is split into several cognitive aspects like anxiety or memory, speed, attention, flexibility or problem-solving functions. Each of these aspects can/need to be trained to show an improvement after general anaesthesia. Training possibilities range from relaxation methods via music, one-on-one personal training sessions to electronically supported training units.

Conclusion
Prehabilitation of the cognitive function can be split in different cognitive domains. Each of these domains seem to be influenced by training. The training itself can be based on applications or known relaxation methods or even old-fashioned board games. The evidence is, however, still low and there is a need for further studies.
Speech perception and hearing effort using a new active middle ear implant audio processor
Authors: Rahne Torsten , Fröhlich Laura , Wagner Luise , Kropp Miriam Hannah , Müller Alexander 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The Vibrant Soundbridge (VSB) was introduced in 1996, and the fourth generation of the audio processor recently released. This clinical study evaluates the audiological performance and subjective satisfaction of the new SAMBA 2 audio processor compared to its predecessor, SAMBA.

Method
Fifteen VSB users tested both audio processors for approximately 3 weeks. Air conduction and bone conduction thresholds and unaided and aided sound field thresholds were measured with both devices. Speech performance in quiet (Freiburg monosyllables) and noise (OLSA) was evaluated as well as subjective listening effort (ACALES) and questionnaire outcomes (SSQ12 and APSQ). In addition, data from 16 subjects with normal hearing were gathered on sound field tests and ACALES.

Results
Both audio processors showed substantial improvement compared to the unaided condition. The SAMBA and SAMBA 2 had comparable performance in sound filed thresholds, while the SAMBA 2 was significantly better in speech in quiet, speech in noise, reduced listening effort, and improved subjective satisfaction compared with the SAMBA.

Conclusion
The SAMBA 2 audio processor, compared to its predecessor SAMBA, offers improved performance throughout the parameters investigated in this study. Patients with a VSB implant would benefit from an upgrade to SAMBA 2.
Homogenization of fully nonlinear rod lattice structures: on the size of the RVE and micro structural instabilities
Authors: Herrnböck Ludwig , Steinmann Paul 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis work investigates the possibility of applying two-scale computational homogenization to rod lattice structures emerging, for instance, from additive manufacturing. The influence of the number of unit cells within the representative volume element (RVE), thus, the RVE’s size on the homogenized mechanical response is studied for occurring microscopic structural instabilities. Therein, the macro-scale, described in terms of three-dimensional continuum mechanics, is coupled to the micro-scale described by geometrically exact rods, enabling arbitrary large deformations and rotations. A special feature of the presented framework is that the rods building the lattice structures are not restricted to deform purely elastically but may deform inelastically. The mechanical response of lattice structures is investigated by applying the developed homogenization method to an exemplary lattice. Under special loads the structure reaches an instable state and may buckle. The appearance of instabilities depends on the geometric properties of the lattice’s underlying rods and the RVE’s size.
On finite element implementation of cyclic elastoplasticity: theory, coding, and exemplary problems
Authors: Suchocki Cyprian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this work the finite element (FE) implementation of the small strain cyclic plasticity is discussed. The family of elastoplastic constitutive models is considered which uses the mixed, kinematic-isotropic hardening rule. It is assumed that the kinematic hardening is governed by the Armstrong–Frederick law. The radial return mapping algorithm is utilized to discretize the general form of the constitutive equation. A relation for the consistent elastoplastic tangent operator is derived. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this formula has not been presented in the literature yet. The obtained set of equations can be used to implement the cyclic plasticity models into numerous commercial or non-commercial FE packages. A user subroutine UMAT (User’s MATerial) has been developed in order to implement the cyclic plasticity model by Yoshida into the open-source FE program CalculiX. The coding is included in the Appendix. It can be easily modified to implement any isotropic hardening rule for which the yield stress is a function of the effective plastic strain. The number of the utilized backstress variables can be easily increased as well. Several validation tests which have been performed in order to verify the code’s performance are discussed.
Nitrate reduction potential of a fractured Middle Triassic carbonate aquifer in Southwest Germany
Authors: Osenbrück Karsten , Blendinger Eva , Leven Carsten , Rügner Hermann , Finkel Michael , Jakus Natalia , Schulz Hartmut , Grathwohl Peter 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNitrate reduction constitutes an important natural mechanism to mitigate the widespread and persistent nitrate contamination of groundwater resources. In fractured aquifers, however, the abundance and accessibility of electron donors and their spatial correlation with groundwater flow paths are often poorly understood. In this study, the nitrate reduction potential of a fractured carbonate aquifer in the Upper Muschelkalk of SW Germany was investigated, where denitrification is due to the oxidation of ferrous iron and reduced sulfur. Petrographical analyses of rock samples revealed concentrations of syn-sedimentary and diagenetically formed pyrite ranging from 1 to 4 wt.% with only small differences between different facies types. Additional ferrous iron is available in saddle dolomites (up to 2.6 wt.%), which probably were formed by tectonically induced percolation of low-temperature hydrothermal fluids. Borehole logging at groundwater wells (flowmeter, video, gamma) indicates that most groundwater flow occurs along karstified bedding planes partly located within dolomites of the shoal and backshoal facies. The high porosity (15–30%) of these facies facilitates molecular diffusive exchange of solutes between flow paths in the fractures and the reactive minerals in the pore matrix. The high-porosity facies together with hydraulically active fractures featuring pyrite or saddle dolomite precipitates constitute the zones of highest nitrate reduction potential within the aquifer. Model-based estimates of electron acceptor/donor balances indicate that the nitrate reduction potential protecting water supply wells increases with increasing porosity of the rock matrix and decreases with increasing hydraulic conductivity (or effective fracture aperture) and spacing of the fracture network.
Convex generalized Nash equilibrium problems and polynomial optimization
Authors: Nie Jiawang , Tang Xindong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper studies convex generalized Nash equilibrium problems that are given by polynomials. We use rational and parametric expressions for Lagrange multipliers to formulate efficient polynomial optimization for computing generalized Nash equilibria (GNEs). The Moment-SOS hierarchy of semidefinite relaxations are used to solve the polynomial optimization. Under some general assumptions, we prove the method can find a GNE if there exists one, or detect nonexistence of GNEs. Numerical experiments are presented to show the efficiency of the method.
Clausal embedding in Washo: Complementation vs. modification
Authors: Bochnak M. Ryan , Hanink Emily A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper concerns clausal embedding in Washo (also spelled Washoe, Wáˑšiw), a highly endangered Hokan/isolate language spoken around Lake Tahoe in the United States. We argue that Washo offers evidence that both complementation and modification are available strategies for subordination, and in doing so contribute more generally to the ongoing debate about how clauses are embedded by attitude verbs. We observe that the embedding strategies of certain predicates in Washo follow from independent properties of clause types in the language. On the one hand, clauses embedded by presuppositional verbs come in the form of clausal nominalizations, which are selected as thematic internal arguments. The DP layer in these complements is responsible for encoding familiarity in a general sense (along the lines of Kastner 2015) both in these complement clauses as well as in other constructions in the language. On the other hand, clauses embedded by non-presuppositional verbs are not selected at all; they are instead adjunct modifiers, which follows from the fact that the attitude verbs they modify are always intransitive. This aspect of the analysis lends support to the property-analysis of ‘that’-clauses (e.g., Kratzer 2006; Moulton 2009; Elliott 2016), but only in certain instances of embedding. We argue that the Washo facts show that selection still plays a role for some verbs, contra theories that do away with it altogether (Elliott 2016), but selection cannot explain everything either, as non-presuppositional verbs are intransitive and do not select at all.
Noch immer nicht angekommen? – Strukturelle Geschlechterungleichheit im Deutschen Bundestag
Authors: Bieber Ina E. 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungTrotz formaler Gleichstellung sind Frauen im Deutschen Bundestag immer noch unterrepräsentiert. Forschungsergebnisse legen nahe, dass institutionelle Faktoren entscheidend zur strukturellen Diskriminierung von Frauen in der Politik beitragen. Vor allem Mehrheitswahlsysteme und im rechten Parteispektrum verortete Parteien führen weltweit und auch in Deutschland zu niedrigen Frauenanteilen in den Parlamenten. Vor dem Hintergrund der anstehenden Wahlrechtsreform des Bundestags – deren Auftrag es auch ist, eine „[…] gleichberechtigte Repräsentanz von Frauen und Männern auf den Kandidatenlisten und im Bundestag zu erreichen“ – untersucht der Artikel, welche strukturellen Faktoren die Wahlchancen von Frauen bei Bundestagswahlen beeinflusst haben. Besonderes Augenmerk wird dabei auf die Auswirkungen des Wahlsystems und der ideologischen Ausrichtung der Parteien gelegt. Der verwendete Datensatz umfasst Kandidatinnen und Kandidaten bei Bundestagswahlen von 1953–2017. Damit ermöglicht er Analysen auf Individualebene, die auch die Untersuchung der Nominierungsqualität berücksichtigen, also der individuellen Erfolgschancen einer Kandidatur. Die Ergebnisse des Papiers zeigen, dass der Mechanismus des Mehrheitswahlrechts, aber auch die Qualität der Nominierung und die Parteizugehörigkeit die Wahlchancen von Frauen beeinflussen und somit Stellschrauben sind, um den Frauenanteil im Bundestag langfristig zu erhöhen.
Pollution in the Arctic Ocean: An overview of multiple pressures and implications for ecosystem services
Authors: Townhill Bryony L. , Reppas-Chrysovitsinos Efstathios , Sühring Roxana , Halsall Crispin J. , Mengo Elena , Sanders Tina , Dähnke Kirsten , Crabeck Odile , Kaiser Jan , Birchenough Silvana N. R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Arctic is undergoing unprecedented change. Observations and models demonstrate significant perturbations to the physical and biological systems. Arctic species and ecosystems, particularly in the marine environment, are subject to a wide range of pressures from human activities, including exposure to a complex mixture of pollutants, climate change and fishing activity. These pressures affect the ecosystem services that the Arctic provides. Current international policies are attempting to support sustainable exploitation of Arctic resources with a view to balancing human wellbeing and environmental protection. However, assessments of the potential combined impacts of human activities are limited by data, particularly related to pollutants, a limited understanding of physical and biological processes, and single policies that are limited to ecosystem-level actions. This manuscript considers how, when combined, a suite of existing tools can be used to assess the impacts of pollutants in combination with other anthropogenic pressures on Arctic ecosystems, and on the services that these ecosystems provide. Recommendations are made for the advancement of targeted Arctic research to inform environmental practices and regulatory decisions.
The value of transhumance for biodiversity conservation: Vulture foraging in relation to livestock movements
Authors: Aguilera-Alcalá Natividad , Arrondo Eneko , Pascual-Rico Roberto , Morales-Reyes Zebensui , Gil-Sánchez José M. , Donázar José A. , Moleón Marcos , Sánchez-Zapata José A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn recent decades, intensive techniques of livestock raising have flourished, which has largely replaced traditional farming practices such as transhumance. These changes may have affected scavengers’ behaviour and ecology, as extensive livestock is a key source of carrion. This study evaluates the spatial responses of avian scavengers to the seasonal movements of transhumant herds in south-eastern Spain. We surveyed the abundance of avian scavengers and ungulates, and analysed the factors affecting the space use by 30 GPS-tracked griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus). Griffons’ foraging activity increased in the pasturelands occupied by transhumant herds, which implied greater vulture abundance at the landscape level during the livestock season. In contrast, facultative scavengers were more abundant without transhumant livestock herds, and the abundance of wild ungulates did not change in relation to livestock presence. We conclude that fostering transhumance and other traditional farming systems, to the detriment of farming intensification, could favour vulture conservation.
Physical activity as a determinant of successful aging: a narrative review article
Authors: Szychowska Agnieszka , Drygas Wojciech 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPopulation of older people in many countries is constantly growing, therefore the subject of successful aging has become important and a priority for public health policy-makers. A person who is successfully aging has low risk of chronic disease and disability, high physical function, good mental health and social engagement in older age. Lifestyle factors, such as diet and exercise, have been identified as determinants of successful aging. The aim of this narrative review is to compile the evidence from big cohort studies on the overall health of older people. Their results indicate that regular physical activity increases the chances of successful aging in older people, but only after reaching a sufficient threshold. Physical activity lowers the risk of many chronic diseases and cognitive decline commonly associated with older age, promotes social engagement and improves self-estimated well-being.
Hastily formed knowledge networks and distributed situation awareness for collaborative robotics
Authors: Doherty Patrick , Berger Cyrille , Rudol Piotr , Wzorek Mariusz 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the context of collaborative robotics, distributed situation awareness is essential for supporting collective intelligence in teams of robots and human agents where it can be used for both individual and collective decision support. This is particularly important in applications pertaining to emergency rescue and crisis management. During operational missions, data and knowledge are gathered incrementally and in different ways by heterogeneous robots and humans. We describe this as the creation ofHastily Formed Knowledge Networks(HFKNs). The focus of this paper is the specification and prototyping of a general distributed system architecture that supports the creation of HFKNs by teams of robots and humans. The information collected ranges from low-level sensor data to high-level semantic knowledge, the latter represented in part as RDF Graphs. The framework includes a synchronization protocol and associated algorithms that allow for the automatic distribution and sharing of data and knowledge between agents. This is done through the distributed synchronization of RDF Graphs shared between agents. High-level semantic queries specified in SPARQL can be used by robots and humans alike to acquire both knowledge and data content from team members. The system is empirically validated and complexity results of the proposed algorithms are provided. Additionally, a field robotics case study is described, where a 3D mapping mission has been executed using several UAVs in a collaborative emergency rescue scenario while using the full HFKN Framework.
On the equidistribution of unstable curves for pseudo-Anosov diffeomorphisms of compact surfaces
Authors: FORNI GIOVANNI 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe prove that the asymptotics of ergodic integrals along an invariant foliation of a toral Anosov diffeomorphism, or of a pseudo-Anosov diffeomorphism on a compact orientable surface of higher genus, is determined (up to a logarithmic error) by the action of the diffeomorphism on the cohomology of the surface. As a consequence of our argument and of the results of Giulietti and Liverani [Parabolic dynamics and anisotropic Banach spaces. J. Eur. Math. Soc. (JEMS)21(9) (2019), 2793–2858] on horospherical averages, toral Anosov diffeomorphisms have no Ruelle resonances in the open interval
$(1, e^{h_{\mathrm {top}}})$
.
Accurate electron beam phase-space theory for ionization-injection schemes driven by laser pulses
Authors: Tomassini Paolo , Massimo Francesco , Labate Luca , Gizzi Leonida A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
After the introduction of the ionization-injection scheme in laser wake field acceleration and of related high-quality electron beam generation methods, such as two-color and resonant multi-pulse ionization injection (ReMPI), the theory of thermal emittance has been used to predict the beam normalized emittance obtainable with those schemes. We recast and extend such a theory, including both higher order terms in the polynomial laser field expansion and non-polynomial corrections due to the onset of saturation effects on a single cycle. Also, a very accurate model for predicting the cycle-averaged distribution of the extracted electrons, including saturation and multi-process events, is proposed and tested. We show that our theory is very accurate for the selected processes of

${\mathrm{Kr}}^{8^{+}\to {10}^{+}}$

and

${\mathrm{Ar}}^{8^{+}\to {10}^{+}}$

, resulting in a maximum error below 1%, even in a deep-saturation regime. The accurate prediction of the beam phase-space can be implemented, for example, in laser-envelope or hybrid particle-in-cell (PIC)/fluid codes, to correctly mimic the cycle-averaged momentum distribution without the need for resolving the intra-cycle dynamics. We introduce further spatial averaging, obtaining expressions for the whole-beam emittance fitting with simulations in a saturated regime, too. Finally, a PIC simulation for a laser wakefield acceleration injector in the ReMPI configuration is discussed.
Investigation of the influence of miniature vortex generators on the large-scale motions of a turbulent boundary layer
Authors: Chan C.I. , Chin R.C. 
Published: December 2021

Well resolved large-eddy simulation data are used to study the physical modulation effects of miniature vortex generators (MVGs) in a moderate Reynolds number zero pressure gradient turbulent boundary layer. Large-scale counter-rotating primary vortex pairs (PVPs) imposed by the MVG contribute to the formation of streamwise streaks by transporting high momentum fluids from the outer regions of the boundary layer towards the wall, giving rise to high-speed regions centred at the PVP. Consequently, low-speed regions are formed along the outer flank of the PVP, resulting in a pronounced alternating high- and low-speed flow pattern. The PVP also relates to regions with skin friction modification, where a local skin friction reduction of up to 15 % is obtained at the low-speed region, but the opposite situation is observed over the high-speed region. The MVG-induced flow feature is further investigated by spectral analysis of the triple decomposition velocity fluctuation. Pre-multiplied energy spectra of the streamwise MVG-induced velocity fluctuation reveal that the large-scale induced modes scale with the spanwise wavelength and the length of the MVG, but the energy peak is eventually repositioned to the size of the near-wall streaks in the streamwise direction. Analysis of the triple decomposition of the kinetic energy transport equations revealed the significance of the mean flow gradient in generating kinetic energy which sustains the secondary motion. There is also an energy transfer between the turbulent and MVG-induced kinetic energy independent of the mean flow.