bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical evaluation of the heat transfer in a shell and corrugated coil tube heat exchanger with three various water‐based nanofluids
Authors: Zaboli Mohammad , Saedodin Seyfolah , Mousavi Ajarostaghi Seyed Soheil , Nourbakhsh Mehdi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper, turbulence heat transfer and nanofluid flow in a shell and corrugated coil tube heat exchanger are evaluated numerically. The three‐dimensional numerical simulations have been done by finite volume method using a commercial computational fluid dynamics code. The spatial discretization of mass, momentum, turbulence dissipation rate, and turbulence kinetic energy equations has been achieved by a second‐order upwind scheme. A SIMPLE algorithm has been used for velocity–pressure coupling. To calculate gradients, Green‐Gauss cell‐based method has been utilized. The cross‐section of the coil tube is lobe shaped. First, the impact of corrugated tube cross‐section type and then, the impact of utilizing different types of nanofluid on thermal performance are investigated. The outcomes indicate that at high Reynolds number, utilizing a five‐lobe cross‐section causes augmentation in Nusselt number and pressure drop by about 4.8% and 3.7%, respectively. However, the three‐lobe type shows the highest thermal performance. Moreover, water/CuO has the most thermal performance. As the volume concentration of the nanofluid increases, the thermal performance declines.
Does sodium oxybate inhibit brain dopamine release in humans? An exploratory neuroimaging study
Authors: Kish Stephen J , O'Leary Gerald , Mamelak Mortimer , McCluskey Tina , Warsh Jerry J , Shapiro Colin , Bies Robert , Yu Yifan , Pollock Bruce , Tong Junchao , Boileau Isabelle 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo establish in an exploratory neuroimaging study whether γ‐hydroxybutyrate (sodium oxybate [SO]), a sedative, anti‐narcoleptic drug with abuse potential, transiently inhibits striatal dopamine release in the human.MethodsTen healthy participants (30 years; 6M, 4F) and one participant with narcolepsy received a baseline positron emission tomography scan of [C‐11]raclopride, a D2/3 dopamine receptor radioligand sensitive to dopamine occupancy, followed approximately one week later by an oral sedative 3g dose of SO and two [C‐11]raclopride scans (1 h, 7 h post SO). Plasma SO levels and drowsiness duration were assessed.ResultsNo significant changes were detected in [C‐11]raclopride binding in striatum overall 1 or 7 h after SO, but a small non‐significant increase in [C‐11]raclopride binding, implying decreased dopamine occupancy, was noted in limbic striatal subdivision at one hour (+6.5%; p uncorrected = 0.045; +13.2%, narcolepsy participant), returning to baseline at 7 h. A positive correlation was observed between drowsiness duration and percent change in [C‐11]raclopride binding in limbic striatum (r = 0.73; p = 0.017).ConclusionsWe did not find evidence in this sample of human subjects of a robust striatal dopamine change, as was reported in non‐human primates. Our preliminary data, requiring extension, suggest that a 3g sedative SO dose might cause slight transient inhibition of dopamine release in limbic striatum.
Levator ani muscle avulsion: Digital palpation versus tomographic ultrasound imaging
Authors: Kamisan Atan Ixora , Lin Sylvia , Dietz Hans Peter , Herbison Peter , Wilson Peter Donald ,   for the ProLong Study Group
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the diagnostic performance of digital palpation of levator ani muscle (LAM) avulsion compared with translabial tomographic ultrasound imaging (TUI).MethodsA cross‐sectional study, incorporating 195 women involved in a longitudinal cohort study. Palpation for levator integrity was performed, followed by a four‐dimensional translabial ultrasound. LAM avulsion defects were diagnosed in the presence of puborectalis muscle detachment from its insertion. Post‐processing analysis of ultrasound volumes for LAM integrity on TUI was performed blinded against palpation findings. Agreement between methods was assessed using Cohen's κ.ResultsIn all, 388 paired assessments of LAM bilaterally, were available. Sixteen (8.2%) unilateral avulsion defects were detected on palpation. Sonographically, 31 (16%) were diagnosed with avulsions: 4.6% bilateral and 11.3% unilateral. An overall agreement of 91% was observed between digital palpation and TUI, yielding a Cohen's κ of 0.32 (95% confidence interval 0.15–0.48) demonstrating “fair agreement”: and implying 25% sensitivity, 98% specificity, 63% positive predictive value, and 92% negative predictive value. Analysis of the first and last 20 palpations showed no change in performance during the 13‐day study period.ConclusionAssessment of LAM avulsion defects by digital palpation is feasible but may require substantial training. Confirmation by imaging is crucial, especially if the diagnosis of avulsion may influence clinical management.
Presence of pollinator‐friendly habitat on pollinator communities in managed turfgrass systems
Authors: Billeisen Terri L. , Kilpatrick Lauren D. , Seth‐Carley Danesha , Brandenburg Rick L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInsect pollinator community dynamics in established turfgrass systems is a topic of continuing study. This research examines pollinator abundance and diversity in two turfgrass environments (golf courses and home lawns) and whether populations are affected by the establishment of pollinator‐friendly habitat. Sites adjacent to managed green spaces were selected based on site suitability for management and monitored monthly from July through October 2018 for insect pollinators using a combination of sweep netting and pan traps prior to habitat establishment. Insect sampling was repeated in 2019 post‐establishment. Wildflower presence increased bee abundance but did not impact species richness.
Hepatic F4/80+CD11b+CD68– cells influence the antibacterial response in irradiated mice with sepsis by Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Okamoto Norio , Ohama Hideko , Matsui Masahiro , Fukunishi Shinya , Higuchi Kazuhide , Asai Akira 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Gut-associated sepsis is a major problem in patients undergoing abdominal radiation therapy; the majority of pathogens causing this type of sepsis are translocated from the gut microbiota. While treating sepsis, bacterial clearance must be achieved to ensure patient survival, and the hepatic immune response is responsible for this process. In particular, Kupffer cells play a crucial role in the hepatic immune response against infectious agents. Recently, two populations of Kupffer cells have been described: liver-resident macrophages (Mϕ) (F4/80+CD11b–CD68+ cells) and hepatic Mϕ derived from circulating monocytes (F4/80+CD11b+CD68– cells). We examined the properties of both types of hepatic Mϕ obtained from irradiated and normal mice and their role in sepsis. Hepatic F4/80+CD11b–CD68+ cells from both normal and irradiated mice did not show any antibacterial activity. However, F4/80+CD11b+CD68– cells from normal mice behaved as effector cells against sepsis by Enterococcus faecalis, although those from irradiated mice lost this ability. Moreover, hepatic F4/80+CD11b+CD68– cells from normal infected mice were shown to be IL-12+IL-10–CD206–CCL1– (considered M1Mϕ), and hepatic F4/80+CD11b–CD68+ cells from the same mice were shown to be IL-12–IL-10+CD206+CCL1– (considered M2aMϕ). When normal mice were exposed to radiation, hepatic F4/80+CD11b+CD68– cells altered their phenotype to IL-12–IL-10+CD206–CCL1+ (considered M2bMϕ), independent of infection, but hepatic F4/80+CD11b–CD68+ cells remained IL-12–IL-10+CD206+CCL1– (M2aMϕ). In addition, hepatic F4/80+CD11b+CD68– cells from irradiated mice acquired antibacterial activity upon treatment with CCL1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides. Therefore, the characteristics of hepatic F4/80+CD11b+CD68– cells play a key role in the antibacterial response against gut-associated sepsis.
Treatment Modalities and Survival Outcomes for Sinonasal Diffuse Large B‐Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Lehrich Brandon M. , Abiri Arash , Goshtasbi Khodayar , Birkenbeuel Jack , Yasaka Tyler M. , Papagiannopoulos Peter , Tajudeen Bobby A. , Brem Elizabeth A. , Kuan Edward C. 
Published: April 2021

Objectives/HypothesisThis study utilizes a large population national database to comprehensively analyze prognosticators and overall survival (OS) outcomes of varying treatment modalities in a large cohort of sinonasal diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (SN‐DLBCL) patients.Study DesignRetrospective database study.MethodsThe National Cancer Database was queried for all SN‐DLBCL cases diagnosed from 2004 to 2015. Kaplan–Meier log‐rank test determined differences in OS based on clinical covariates. Cox proportional‐hazards analysis was used to determine clinical and sociodemographic covariates predictive of mortality.ResultsA total of 2,073 SN‐DLBCL patients were included, consisting of 48% female with a mean age of 66.0 ± 16.2 years. Overall, 82% of patients were Caucasian, 74% had early‐stage disease, and 49% had primary tumors in the paranasal sinuses. Early‐stage patients were more likely to receive multi‐agent chemoradiotherapy compared to multi‐agent chemotherapy alone (P < .001). Multivariable Cox proportional‐hazards analysis revealed chemoradiotherapy to confer significantly greater OS improvements than chemotherapy alone (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.61; P < .001). However, subset analysis of late‐stage patients demonstrated no significant differences in OS between these treatment modalities (P = .245). On multivariable analysis of chemotherapy patients treated post‐2012, immunotherapy (HR = 0.51; P = .024) demonstrated significant OS benefits. However, subset analysis showed no significant advantage in OS with administering immunotherapy for late‐stage patients (P = .326). Lastly, for all patients treated post‐2012, those receiving immunotherapy had significantly improved OS compared to those not receiving immunotherapy (P < .001).ConclusionsTreatment protocol selection differs between early‐ and late‐stage SN‐DLBCL patients. Early‐stage patients receiving chemotherapy may benefit from immunotherapy as part of their treatment paradigm.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:E2727–E2735, 2021
Rotational Doppler Frequency Shift from Time‐Evolving High‐Order Pancharatnam–Berry Phase: A Metasurface Approach
Authors: Yue Fuyong , Aadhi A. , Piccoli Riccardo , Aglieri Vincenzo , Macaluso Roberto , Toma Andrea , Morandotti Roberto , Razzari Luca 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Doppler frequency shift of sound or electromagnetic waves has been widely investigated in many different contexts and, nowadays, represents a formidable tool in medicine, engineering, astrophysics, and optics. Such effect is commonly described in the framework of the universal energy‐momentum conservation law. In particular, the rotational Doppler effect has been recently demonstrated using light carrying orbital angular momentum. When a wave undergoes a cyclic adiabatic transformation of its Hamiltonian, it is known to acquire the so‐called Pancharatnam–Berry (PB) phase. In this work, an experimental evidence of the direct connection between the high‐order PB phase time evolution on the Poincaré sphere and the rotational Doppler frequency shift of light is provided. A metasurface operating at telecom wavelengths is employed to impose a total (spin and orbital) angular momentum (TAM) on the light wave, while two TAM converters ensure a closed cycle on the Poincaré sphere. By rotating one of the converters, a significant Doppler frequency shift is observed without variation of the output TAM. The proposed metasurface‐based approach offers new advanced ways to engineer the frequency content of light.
Multi‐criteria supply chain network design using interactive decision maps
Authors: Fragoso Rui , Bushenkov Vladimir , Ramos Manoel João 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGrowing concerns about sustainability lead decision‐makers to include in the supply chain network design, environmental and social impacts as well as economic objectives, which requires a balanced multi‐criteria approach. In this paper, a multi‐objective mixed integer model for a regional supply chain network of a fish processing industry is developed. The model and decision‐making process is analysed using approximation and visualization of Pareto frontier in criteria space in the form of Interactive Decision Maps. For test purposes, the data of the network of tilapia fillet processing in West Paraná, Brazil, are used. A reasonable strategy is formulated, representing a compromise between different conflicting criteria in the supply chain — profit, carbon dioxide emissions, number of suppliers, number of hired workers, costs and revenue.
The use of the Hazard Quotient approach to assess the potential risk to honeybees (Apis mellifera) posed by pesticide residues detected in bee‐relevant matrices is not appropriate
Authors: Thompson Helen M 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDPesticide residue data for pollen and nectar are valuable for characterizing realistic exposure of pollinators, e.g. from agricultural crops, flowering margins. Interpretation of residues relies on comparing exposure with toxicity and the Hazard Quotient (HQ) is widely utilized. However, the HQ (threshold of concern 50) was only validated for foliar sprays, based on application rate as a proxy for exposure, not measured residues in bee‐relevant matrices.RESULTSA review of the literature showed a range of HQ approaches and thresholds of concern used to assess non‐foliar applications and residues detected in bee‐relevant matrices, mostly pollen. The use of the HQ thresholds to assess risks associated with residue data or non‐foliar spray application methods is not validated, does not reflect realistic exposure and the conclusions reached differ substantially from current risk assessment approaches. Re‐evaluation of residue data from the first published use of the concentration‐based HQ (2013) and a recent paper (2021) reduced the proportion of pesticides where a conclusion of potential risk was reached from 30 to 7% and 28% to 3–6%, respectively.CONCLUSIONSAn understanding of the applicability of the selected risk assessment approach to the available residue data is needed to enable robust conclusions to be drawn on the potential risk to bees. Use of the HQ approach to assess the risk posed by application methods other than foliar sprays or residues in nectar and pollen is likely to result in unreliable conclusions. An alternative approach should be used to assess the significance of measured residues.
Smart Adsorbents for Aquatic Environmental Remediation
Authors: Nazarzadeh Zare Ehsan , Mudhoo Ackmez , Ali Khan Moonis , Otero Marta , Bundhoo Zumar Muhammad Ali , Patel Manvendra , Srivastava Anju , Navarathna Chanaka , Mlsna Todd , Mohan Dinesh , Pittman Charles U. , Makvandi Pooyan , Sillanpää Mika 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA noticeable interest and steady rise in research studies reporting the design and assessment of smart adsorbents for sequestering aqueous metal ions and xenobiotics has occurred in the last decade. This motivates compiling and reviewing the characteristics, potentials, and performances of this new adsorbent generation's metal ion and xenobiotics sequestration. Herein, stimuli‐responsive adsorbents that respond to its media (as internal triggers; e.g., pH and temperature) or external triggers (e.g., magnetic field and light) are highlighted. Readers are then introduced to selective adsorbents that selectively capture materials of interest. This is followed by a discussion of self‐healing and self‐cleaning adsorbents. Finally, the review ends with research gaps in material designs.
Association of myocardial parasitic load with cardiac biomarkers and other selected variables in 10 dogs with advanced Canine Leishmaniasis
Authors: Casamián‐Sorrosal Domingo , Barrera‐Chacón Rafael , Fonfara Sonja , Belinchón‐Lorenzo Silvia , Gómez‐Gordo Luis , Galapero‐Arroyo Javier , Fernández‐Cotrina Javier , Cristobal‐Verdejo Jose Ignacio , Duque Francisco Javier 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground: The association between myocardial parasitic load (MPL) and cardiac biomarkers in Canine Leishmaniasis (CanL) has not been studied.Methods: Dogs with advanced CanL were prospectively recruited and were included if they were euthanised. Prior to euthanasia these variables were assessed: hematocrit, globulin, creatinine, N‐terminal‐pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), blood pressure, urine protein/creatinine ratio and echocardiographic parameters. A left ventricular (LV) sample was taken for histopathology and MPL evaluation by quantitative PCR. Correlation of MPL with all variables was analysed. Dogs with lower and higher histopathology scores were compared.Results: Ten dogs were included. NT‐proBNP was 6946 pmol/ (interquartile range [IQR] 3751–9268 pmol/L) and cTnI 4.56 ng/mL (IQR 0.46–13.1 ng/mL). In all dogs, echocardiography showed an increase in LV thickening, and histopathology revealed moderate to severe lympho‐plasmocytic myocarditis and/or myocardial cell degeneration. MPL was 215.53 parasites/gram (IQR 21.2–1372.63 parasites/gram). A strong correlation (p < 0.001; R = 0.90; R20.81) with cTnI was observed but correlation with any of the other variables or differences between the two histopathological scores, were not detected.Conclusions: MPL in dogs with advanced CanL shows variable but generally high levels. A strong association between MPL and cTnI was observed, which encourages the exploration of cTnI as a marker in CanL.
Minimal scoto-seesaw mechanism with spontaneous CP violation
Authors: Barreiros D. M. , Joaquim F. R. , Srivastava R. , Valle J. W. F. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We propose simple scoto-seesaw models to account for dark matter and neutrino masses with spontaneous CP violation. This is achieved with a single horizontal $$ {\mathcal{Z}}_8 $$

Z
8

discrete symmetry, broken to a residual $$ {\mathcal{Z}}_2 $$

Z
2

subgroup responsible for stabilizing dark matter. CP is broken spontaneously via the complex vacuum expectation value of a scalar singlet, inducing leptonic CP-violating effects. We find that the imposed $$ {\mathcal{Z}}_8 $$

Z
8

symmetry pushes the values of the Dirac CP phase and the lightest neutrino mass to ranges already probed by ongoing experiments, so that normal-ordered neutrino masses can be cornered by cosmological observations and neutrinoless double beta decay experiments.
The role of Notch ligand, Delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4), in cancer angiogenesis—implications for therapy
Authors: Brzozowa-Zasada Marlena 
Published: April 2021

Summary
Background
It is generally accepted that angiogenesis is a complex and tightly regulated process characterized by the growth of blood vessels from existing vasculature. Activation of the Notch signalling pathway affects multiple aspects of vascular development. One of the components of the Notch signalling pathway, Delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4), has recently appeared as a critical regulator of tumour angiogenesis and thus as a promising therapeutic target.

Methods
This review article includes available data from peer-reviewed publications associated with the role of DLL4 in cancer angiogenesis. Searches were performed in PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar and Web of Science using the terms “tumour angiogenesis”, “DLL4”, “Notch signalling” and “anti-cancer therapy”.

Results
The survival curves of cancer patients revealed that the patients with high DLL4 expression levels had significantly shorter survival times than the patients with low DLL4 expression. Moreover, a positive correlation was also identified between DLL4 and VEGF receptorsʼ expression levels. It seems that inhibition of DLL4 may exert potent growth inhibitory effects on some tumours resistant to anti-VEGF therapies. A great number of blocking agents of DLL4/Notch signalling including anti-DLL4 antibodies, DNA vaccination, Notch antibodies and gamma-secretase inhibitors have been studied in preclinical tumour models.

Conclusion
DLL4 seems to be a promising target in anti-cancer therapy. Nevertheless, the careful evaluation of adverse effects on normal physiological processes in relation to therapeutic doses of anti-DLL4 drugs will be significant for advancement of DLL4 blocking agents in clinical oncology.
Plane Curves Which are Quantum Homogeneous Spaces
Authors: Brown Ken , Tabiri Angela Ankomaah 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLet $\mathcal {C}$
C
be a decomposable plane curve over an algebraically closed field k of characteristic 0. That is, $\mathcal {C}$
C
is defined in k2 by an equation of the form g(x) = f(y), where g and f are polynomials of degree at least two. We use this data to construct three affine pointed Hopf algebras, A(x, a, g), A(y, b, f) and A(g, f), in the first two of which g [resp. f ] are skew primitive central elements, with the third being a factor of the tensor product of the first two. We conjecture that A(g, f) contains the coordinate ring $\mathcal {O}(\mathcal {C})$
O
(
C
)
of $\mathcal {C}$
C
as a quantum homogeneous space, and prove this when each of g and f has degree at most five or is a power of the variable. We obtain many properties of these Hopf algebras, and show that, for small degrees, they are related to previously known algebras. For example, when g has degree three A(x, a, g) is a PBW deformation of the localisation at powers of a generator of the downup algebra A(− 1,− 1,0). The final section of the paper lists some questions for future work.
Random walk algorithm for the Dirichlet problem for parabolic integro-differential equation
Authors: Deligiannidis G. , Maurer S. , Tretyakov M. V. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe consider stochastic differential equations driven by a general Lévy processes (SDEs) with infinite activity and the related, via the Feynman–Kac formula, Dirichlet problem for parabolic integro-differential equation (PIDE). We approximate the solution of PIDE using a numerical method for the SDEs. The method is based on three ingredients: (1) we approximate small jumps by a diffusion; (2) we use restricted jump-adaptive time-stepping; and (3) between the jumps we exploit a weak Euler approximation. We prove weak convergence of the considered algorithm and present an in-depth analysis of how its error and computational cost depend on the jump activity level. Results of some numerical experiments, including pricing of barrier basket currency options, are presented.