bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disparities in insurance coverage among hospitalized adult congenital heart disease patients before and after the Affordable Care Act
Authors: Salciccioli Katherine B. , Salemi Jason L. , Broda Christopher R. , Lopez Keila N. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundData are lacking regarding the insurance status of adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD). We investigated whether the Affordable Care Act (ACA) impacted insurance status among hospitalized ACHD, identified associated sociodemographic factors, and compared coverage to adults with other chronic childhood conditions.MethodsSerial cross‐sectional analysis of National Inpatient Sample hospitalizations from 2007 to 2016 was performed for patients 18–64 years old. ACHD were identified using ICD‐9/10‐CM codes and compared to patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), cystic fibrosis (CF), and the general population. Age was dichotomized as 18–25 years (transition aged) or 26–64 years. Groups were compared by era (pre‐ACA [January 2007–June 2010]; early‐ACA [July 2010–December 2013], which eliminated pre‐existing condition exclusions; and full‐ACA [January 2014–December 2016]) using interrupted time series and multivariable Poisson regression analyses.ResultsOverall, uninsured hospitalizations decreased from pre‐ACA (12.0%) to full‐ACA (8.5%). After full ACA implementation, ACHD had lower uninsured rates than the general hospitalized population (6.0 vs. 8.6%, p < .01), but higher rates than those with other chronic childhood diseases (SCD [4.5%]; CF [1.6%]). Across ACA eras, transition aged ACHD had higher uninsured rates than older patients (8.9 vs. 7.6%, p < .01), and Hispanic patients remained less insured than other groups.ConclusionsHospitalized ACHD were better insured than the general population but less insured than those with SCD or CF. Full ACA implementation was associated with improved insurance coverage for all groups, but disparities persisted for transition aged and Hispanic patients. Ongoing evaluation of the effects of insurance and health policy on ACHD remains critical to diminish health disparities.
Further examination of the effects of order of stimulus presentation on receptive discrimination
Authors: Leon Yanerys , Campos Claudia , Suarez Alexa , Salama Jina , Balsimo Krista , Gokey Kaitlynn 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRecent research has demonstrated that the order of stimulus presentation during auditory‐visual discrimination training may influence the rate of skill acquisition. Results of some studies have suggested that presenting the sample auditory stimulus prior to the comparison visual stimuli may enhance learning for typically developing children. However, replication efforts in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in structured discrete‐trial formats have produced mixed results. The purpose of the current study was to further evaluate the role of stimulus order during auditory‐visual discrimination training to learners with ASD or speech delays during discrete trial instruction. Five of the six children who participated in the study acquired the skills faster during the sample‐first stimulus condition.
In‐air self‐reduction synthesis and luminescence properties from Mg21Ca4Na4(PO4)18:Eu2+–Eu3+ excited using ultraviolet light
Authors: Wu Yuheng , Peng Kangliang , Huang Shuai , Zhao Youjun , Deng Yakun , Ai Jinshui , Yang Yaoyao , Hu Mengzhu , Min Xiao , Yu Lixin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA series of Mg21Ca4Na4(PO4)18:Eu2+–Eu3+ phosphors was successfully synthesized using a high‐temperature solid‐state method in an air atmosphere. The phase structures and luminescence properties of the samples were studied in detail. The phosphors exhibited strong visible light emission under different wavelengths of ultraviolet light excitation. By harmonizing the doping concentration of Eu3+ to adjust the relative luminescence intensity of Eu2+ and Eu3+, a colourful emission of phosphors could be achieved. In addition, the colour coordinates of the International Commission on lighting indicated that Mg21Ca4Na4(PO)18:Eu2+–Eu3+ could be considered as a potential blue, orange and red phosphor for white light‐emitting diode applications.
Analysis of clinical outcomes and prognostic factors in patients treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Jeong Hyehyun , Im Hyeon‐Su , Bang Yeonghak , Kim Yong‐Hee , Kim Hyeong Ryul , Lee Hyun Joo , Jung Hwoon‐Yong , Lee Gin Hyug , Song Ho June , Kim Do Hoon , Choi Kee Don , Lee Jeong Hoon , Ahn Ji Yong , Na Hee Kyong , Ryu Jin‐Sook , Kang Jihoon , Kim Sung‐Bae , Kim Jong Hoon , Park Sook Ryun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAs patients receiving definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) are heterogeneous, we aimed to identify prognostic factors and failure patterns after dCRT. From 2006 to 2015, 327 patients who received dCRT for ESCC were reviewed. Treatment response to dCRT was evaluated based on EORTC‐PET criteria with endoscopy and CT results. After dCRT, 296 patients (90.5%) achieved disease stabilisation, with 132 cases of complete response (CR) (40.4%), 158 of partial response (PR) (48.3%) and 6 of stable disease (SD) (1.8%); 31 patients (9.5%) had progressive disease (PD). Median overall survival (OS) from response evaluation was 24.0 months in the overall population. Post‐treatment clinical response was the most significant prognostic factor for OS in the multivariate analysis (median OS, 65.0 months for CR, 17.3 months for PR, 4.4 months for SD and 4.0 months for PD; p < 0.0001). Median progression‐free survival (PFS) in 296 patients who achieved disease stabilisation was 13.1 months, and only clinical response was a significant factor in the multivariate analysis. The median PFS of CR, PR and SD patients were 36.9, 9.2 and 2.8 months, respectively (p < 0.0001). The clinical response was also significantly associated with the predominant failure pattern (locoregional failure [81.6%] in the initial non‐PD group vs. distant metastasis [87.1%] in the initial PD group [p < 0.0001]). In conclusion, definitive chemoradiotherapy‐treated ESCC patients showed highly different prognoses after treatment especially according to the clinical response to chemoradiotherapy.
Hybrid revascularization procedures for multivessel disease: 2021
Authors: Butman Samuel M. 
Published: February 2021

Key Points
There have only been small or pilot trials of hybrid coronary revascularization.
To date, short‐term benefits, if any, are at best minimal.
Hybrid coronary revascularization has not caught on for a variety of reasons.
It may be considered as an option on a case‐by‐case basis.
STEMI and COVID‐19: Unmasking failures and opportunities to enhance future care
Authors: Golamari Reshma R. , Gilchrist Ian C. 
Published: February 2021

Key Points
Increased door‐to‐balloon times, higher initial and peak troponins were seen during the early surge of COVID‐19 pandemic.
Patient‐related concerns, administrative hospital protocols and provider uneasiness may have all played a role in patient's reluctance to access care for emergent conditions.
There is an urgent need for hospital systems to address the public messaging to encourage patients to seek evidence‐based care when needed even during a pandemic.
Risk stratifying patients with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest: The case for dynamic predictions models
Authors: van Diepen Sean , Henry Timothy D. 
Published: February 2021

Key Points
Initial serum lactate and lactate clearance in resuscitated cardiac arrests have been consistently associated with survival.
The current study extends this association to a subset of cardiac arrest patients selected to undergo urgent cardiac catheterization.
We suggest that future risk stratification studies could focus on the development of dynamic risk prediction models that incorporate clinical variables throughout the cardiac arrest chain‐of‐care.
How strong is the warranty of a negative FFR? Comment on long‐term outcome after deferred revascularization due to negative fractional flow reserve in intermediate coronary lesions by Weerts et al.
Authors: Kern Morton J. , Seto Arnold H. 
Published: February 2021

Key Points
Outcomes of deferred PCI based on negative FFR are generally good.
This study demonstrated deferred target lesion failure with FFR >0.80 in 7% and related it to coexistent risk factors, such as multivessel disease, diabetes, and SVG lesions.
A negative FFR is only one variable on the continuum of ischemic risk, but in general provides an excellent prognostic tool.
Early pericardial effusion as complication of umbilical venous catheter insertion in extreme preterm baby: A case report
Authors: Huseynova Roya Arif , A. Bin Mahmoud Latifa , AlHemiad Morabet , Almuhaini Muath , Huseynov Oqtay 
Published: February 2021

AbstractReminder essential clinical practice: Pericardial effusion is a rare fatal condition, however potentially reversible when grasped in time. It should always be thought out in neonate with a central line who develops unexplained cardiorespiratory failure.
Konzept einer autarken elektrischen und thermischen Energieversorgung auf Basis von Photovoltaik
Authors: Huber Günther , Machhammer Otto , Lepple Maren , Weidlich Claudia , Dustmann Cord‐Henrich , Hartenbach Akane 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEine Photovoltaik‐Anlage könnte ein Einfamilienhaus in Deutschland mit elektrischem Strom, warmem Wasser und Raumwärme versorgen, wenn die Energie lastganggerecht über das Jahr verteilt würde. Der Stand der Technik bietet dafür noch keine Lösung. Am konkreten Beispiel wird abgeschätzt, welche Parameter ein Stromspeichersystem dafür haben müsste. Es wird ein geeignetes elektrochemisches Reaktionssystem auf Basis anorganischer Salzgemische vorgeschlagen. Dem gleichen Stoffsystem liegt ein „Weltspeicher“ zugrunde, der im Rahmen eines Pilotinnovationswettbewerbs vom Deutschen Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung gefördert wird.
Energietransport über weite Strecken
Authors: Machhammer Otto , Siebels Carsten , Huber Günther 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSollte die im eigenen Land herstellbare regenerative Energie für die erfolgreiche Umsetzung der Energiewende nicht ausreichen, könnte der Bezug von regenerativ erzeugtem Strom aus meteorologisch besonders begünstigten Ländern eine Alternative sein. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden fünf unterschiedliche Technologien zum Energietransport verglichen. Der Strom wird dabei einmal in einer Photovoltaik‐Anlage und einmal in einer Windkraftanlage erzeugt. Die Investitionen in die Übertragungstechnologien übersteigen dabei die Investitionen in die Stromgewinnungstechnologien teilweise um ein Vielfaches. Nach den vorliegenden Ergebnissen, ohne Berücksichtigung von Speichern, führt deshalb die Windkraftanlage, obwohl sie spezifisch teurer ist als die Photovoltaik‐Anlage, immer zu kostengünstigeren Stromgewinnungskosten nach dem Energietransport. Der Grund liegt in der höheren Zahl an Volllaststunden der Windkraftanlage.
Passage of a rising bubble through a liquid‐liquid interface: A flow map for different regimes
Authors: Farhadi Jafar , Sattari Amirmohammad , Hanafizadeh Pedram 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe passage of a rising air bubble through a stratified horizontal interface between two Newtonian liquids is studied numerically. A ternary phase‐field model has been utilized for capturing the interface between three immiscible fluids. According to the previous studies, the density, viscosity, and surface tension of the two liquids, in addition to the bubble diameter, are the effective parameters of bubble interaction with the interface. By changing these variables, three main flow patterns are identified in numerical simulations. Penetration flow regime is observed when the bubble enters the upper liquid alone and does not raise the lower liquid. Entrainment flow regime occurs when the bubble lifts some of the heavier liquid to the lighter liquid but still rises alone. If the bubble holds a film of the denser liquid when it rises in the upper liquid, envelopment flow regime takes place. A flow regime map is represented to distinguish the aforementioned flow patterns using Weber and Morton numbers and determine regime transition criteria based on these two dimensionless parameters. For Weber numbers lower than 30, or Morton numbers higher than 1.7 × 10−2, the penetration regime is observed. On the contrary, when the Weber number is higher than 65 and the Morton number is lower than 7 × 10−5, the envelopment regime occurs. The entrainment pattern happens between these ranges and two additional limiting relations of 320Mo0.18 < We < 1500Mo0.23.
Development of a High‐Affinity Antibody‐Binding Peptide for Site‐Specific Modification
Authors: Muguruma Kyohei , Osawa Rento , Fukuda Akane , Ishikawa Naoto , Fujita Konomi , Taguchi Akihiro , Takayama Kentaro , Taniguchi Atsuhiko , Ito Yuji , Hayashi Yoshio 
Published: February 2021

AbstractImmunoglobulin G (IgG)‐binding peptides such as 15‐IgBP are convenient tools for the site‐specific modification of antibodies and the preparation of homogeneous antibody–drug conjugates. A peptide such as 15‐IgBP can be selectively crosslinked to the fragment crystallizable region of human IgG in an affinity‐dependent manner via the ϵ‐amino group of Lys8. Previously, we found that the peptide 15‐Lys8Leu has a high affinity (Kd=8.19 nM) due to the presence of the γ‐dimethyl group in Leu8. The primary amino group required for the crosslinking to the antibodies has, however, been lost. Here, we report the design and synthesis of a novel unnatural amino acid, 4‐(2‐aminoethylcarbamoyl)leucine (Aecl), which possesses both the γ‐dimethyl fragment and a primary amino group. A peptide containing Aecl8 (15‐Lys8Aecl) was synthesized and showed a binding affinity ten times higher (Kd=24.3 nM) than that of 15‐IgBP (Kd=267 nM). Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐labeled 15‐Lys8Aecl with an N‐hydroxy succinimide ester at the side chain of Aecl8 (FITC‐15‐Lys8Aecl(OSu)) successfully labeled an antibody (trastuzumab, Herceptin®) with the fluorophore. This peptide scaffold has both strong binding affinity and crosslinking capability, and could be a useful tool for the selective chemical modification of antibodies with molecules of interest such as drugs.
A hybrid artificial bee colony algorithm for scheduling of digital microfluidic biochip operations
Authors: Rajesh Kolluri , Pyne Sumanta 
Published: February 2021

SummaryDigital microfluidic biochips (DMFBs) are designed to efficiently carry out biochemical and biomedical analysis in a miniaturized way. DMFBs offer various advantages over traditional laboratory techniques and reduces cost, and increases automation and software programmability. Scheduling of microfluidic operations is the first and essential step in the fluidic‐level synthesis of DMFBs, while the other two are the module placement and droplet routing. Scheduling DMFB operations is a multiconstrained optimization problem, and the particular decision problem is NP‐complete. We propose a hybrid artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm using generalized N‐point crossover (GNX) based scheduling of DMFB operations. Proposed ABC‐GNX perturbs through search space, evaluates various schedules possible, and returns the best schedule among the evaluated schedules. Simple list scheduling based heuristic algorithms can explore a single schedule based on the sequence generated by the priority function. Iterative improvement based search algorithms explore the search space and evaluate more schedules, but the proposed ABC‐GNX algorithm produces optimal solutions in shorter execution times. Simulation results show that the proposed ABC‐GNX produces a higher number of optimal completion times and faster execution times than existing algorithms.
Cantharidin‐Induced Skin Blister as an In Vivo Model of Inflammation
Authors: Dawson Janet , Vogelsanger Melanie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe cantharidin‐induced skin blister is a simple model for investigating cell migration and inflammatory mediator production at a site of inflammation. Application of cantharidin solution to the ear pinna results in formation of a blister with cell influx and induction of inflammatory mediators at the skin site, as well as local swelling of the ear pinna. The model can be used for investigating anti‐inflammatory compounds, such as dexamethasone, and for preclinical drug discovery research, especially in areas where neutrophilic inflammation plays a role in disease pathophysiology. The cantharidin blister model is one of very few translational models described in humans, and the mechanism of inflammation induction is comparable in mice and man. In human studies, the cantharidin blister assay has been used to assess the effects of potential new therapies in early‐stage clinical studies. © 2021 Novartis AG.This article was corrected on 19 July 2022. See the end of the full text for details.Basic Protocol 1: Application of cantharidin to induce ear inflammationBasic Protocol 2: Assessment of ear edemaBasic Protocol 3: Assessment of inflammatory mediators in ear tissueBasic Protocol 4: Histological assessment of ear tissue
Human Plasma In‐Cell Western Assays—An In vitro Predictor for In vivo Pharmacology in Oncology Drug Discovery
Authors: Zhang Yang W. , Gallagher Kirsten , Angelis Dimitrios , Rominger Dave , Scherle Peggy , Vaddi Kris 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEvaluation of in vivo potencies plays an important role in drug discovery. Traditionally, the cellular activity and percent of plasma protein binding of a test agent are evaluated separately, with the plasma protein binding−adjusted cellular potency computation used to estimate in vivo potency. This process is costly, takes weeks to complete, and is increasingly unreliable for compounds that bind extensively to plasma proteins. Described in this article is a simple, high‐throughput human plasma in‐cell Western (ICW) assay that directly incorporates plasma protein binding into a cellular pharmacodynamic assay to provide a rapid and accurate estimate of in vivo potencies. The assay is versatile and can be readily employed for various targets that require short treatment periods for displaying maximal biological responses. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.This article was corrected on 19 July 2022. See the end of the full text for details.Basic Protocol: Concentration‐dependent human plasma ICW assay to determine test compound IC50 against the target of interest
Single‐ended half‐select disturb‐free 11T static random access memory cell for reliable and low power applications
Authors: Abbasian Erfan , Gholipour Morteza 
Published: February 2021

SummaryThis paper presents an 11 transistor (SEHF11T) static random access memory (SRAM) cell with high read static noise margin (RSNM) and write static noise margin (WSNM). It eliminates the write half‐select disturb using cross‐point data‐aware write word lines, which can mitigate bit‐interleaving structure to reduce multiple‐bit upset and increase soft‐error immunity. We evaluated and analyzed the effect of process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) variations on various design metrics and compared it with other cells. The SEHF11T performs fast read operation due to its higher read current and slow write operation due to its single‐ended nature. It employs the read decoupling technique to enhance the RSNM. The stacked transistors in the left/right half‐cell increase the RSNM. In addition, the WSNM is improved by eliminating the feedback of cross‐coupled inverters pair during write operation by means of power‐cutoff write‐assist technique. The proposed cell shows 1.11X higher RSNM and 1.37X higher WSNM compared to fully differential 8T (FD8T) cell. The stacked transistors in the cell reduce leakage power dissipation. The SEHF11T consumes 0.47X lower leakage power compared to FD8T at VDD = 0.7 V. Furthermore, it exhibits high reliability against PVT variations in subthreshold region and shows 1.09X narrower spread in leakage power than that of FD8T at VDD = 0.3 V.
Probability density of irradiance for electromagnetic waves propagating under multiple scattering effects: Application to deep space communications
Authors: Mostafa Shishter Yousef 
Published: February 2021

SummaryElectromagnetic waves propagating in random mediums are susceptible to attenuation and fading effects. Therefore, to asses systems performances, it is required to determine the field intensity distribution. Extensive researches were carried out under the assumption of weak fluctuations conditions, in which case the Born and Rytov solutions are valid, and it is fairly established that the resultant distributions agree well with experimental data. In particular, the Rician distribution was shown to fit measurements data from a spacecraft in the event of solar superior conjunction. However, the problem under strong fluctuations is more challenging. In this case, multiple scattering effects need to be included. Numerous atmospheric‐based distributions were introduced, but similar results for deep space communications are still scarce. In this paper, by considering double scattering processes, a novel intensity distribution model is introduced which agrees with the Rician distribution under weak fluctuations and which extends to strong fluctuations conditions. Moreover, the distribution is considered for the applications of deep space communications.
I2PL—What is it and what does it mean?
Authors: Bjerring Peter , Petersen Steffen B. , Mosegaard Mille L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Intense pulsed light (IPL) is today a standard tool in most cosmetic and dermatological clinics providing a variety of optical treatment options. The range of available IPL systems keeps growing and today's physicians have a wide selection to choose from.
IPL can be separated into broadband IPL and narrowband IPL. Broadband IPL heats the ubiquitous tissue water in the skin leading to unspecific heating of the tissue and increasing risk of side effects. To reduce this, contact cooling is needed, which can negatively influence treatment efficiency. Narrowband IPL limits the spectra of emitted light, thus reducing the energy reaching the skin.
Square‐shaped pulses provide the best light output characteristics and square pulses are obtained with large electrical capacitor banks and advanced pulse shutter mechanisms.
Longer wavelengths reaching the skin surface lead to absorption in tissue water and doubles energy requirements as compared to systems filtering away wavelengths above 950 nm, known as narrowband I2PL. Having a long wave cut‐off filter at 950 nm halves the energy requirement and reduces the risk of side effects. It also eliminates the need for active cooling of the surplus energy and thus enhances treatment results and comfort.
Ideally, systems should be able to provide pulses with a duration shorter than 1 ms with sufficient energy to create purpura if needed.
Individual adjustment of pulse duration and fluency provides for more efficient treatments and allows treating a wider variety of patients. Systems allowing parameters to be adjusted based on “patient parameters” reduces the risk that improper settings are used.