bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrative taxonomy of West African Magelona (Annelida: Magelonidae): species with thoracic pigmentation
Authors: Mortimer Kate , Kongsrud Jon Anders , Willassen Endre 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Benthic samples collected during several cruises from shelf areas along the West African coast from Morocco to Angola, have highlighted a huge diversity of magelonid species (over 20 species), many of which are undescribed. The majority of samples were taken as part of two large-scale projects in the region: the Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem project (CCLME) and the Guinea Current Large Marine Ecosystem project (GCLME). Six magelonid species bearing posterior thoracic pigmentation have been highlighted, Magelona alleni and five species new to science: Magelona fasciata sp. nov., Magelona guineensis sp. nov., Magelona mackiei sp. nov., Magelona nanseni sp. nov. and Magelona picta sp. nov. West African magelonids and comparative material from the UK and Norway have been investigated using COI, 16S and 28S markers. An integrated taxonomic approach is used to delineate species of Magelona carrying posterior thoracic pigmentation. These species from West African waters constitute a well-supported monophyletic group, with the species M. alleni being sister to the new species herein described. Our 41 COI DNA-barcode-sequences had between species distances from 9.3 to 26.8% and were allocated to ten different BINs in Boldsystems.org.
Association of Teaching Status and Mortality After Cancer Surgery
Authors: Lam Miranda B. , Riley Kristen E. , Mehtsun Winta , Phelan Jessica , Orav E. John , Jha Ashish K. , Burke Laura G. 
Published: July 2021

Objective:
To examine patient outcomes for 9 cancer-specific procedures performed in teaching versus nonteaching hospitals.

Background:
Few contemporary studies have evaluated patient outcomes in teaching versus nonteaching hospitals across a comprehensive set of cancer-specific procedures.

Methods:
Use of national Medicare data to compare 30-, 60-, and 90-day mortality rates in teaching and nonteaching hospitals for cancer-specific procedures. Risk-adjusted 30-day, all-cause, postoperative mortality overall and for each specific surgery, as well as overall 60- and 90-day mortality rates, were assessed.

Results:
The sample consisted of 159,421 total cancer surgeries at 3151 hospitals. Overall 30-day mortality rates, adjusted for procedure type, state, and invasiveness of procedure were 1.3% lower at major teaching hospitals (95% confidence interval [CI], −1.6% to −1.1%; P < 0.001) relative to nonteaching hospitals. After accounting for patient characteristics, major teaching hospitals continued to demonstrate lower mortality rates compared with nonteaching hospitals (−1.0% difference [95% CI, −1.2% to −0.7%]; P < 0.001). Further adjustment for surgical volume as a mediator reduced the difference to −0.7% (95% CI, −0.9% to −0.4%; P < 0.001). Cancer surgeries for 4 of the 9 disease sites (bladder, lung, colorectal, and ovarian) followed this overall trend. Sixty- and 90-day overall mortality rates, adjusted for procedure type, state, and invasiveness of procedure showed that major teaching hospitals had a 1.7% (95% CI, −2.1% to −1.4%; P < 0.001) and 2.0% (95% CI, −2.4% to −1.6%; P < 0.001) lower mortality relative to nonteaching hospitals. These trends persisted after adjusting for patient characteristics.

Conclusions:
Among cancer-specific procedures for Medicare beneficiaries, major teaching hospital status was associated with lower 30-, 60-, and 90-day mortality rates overall and across 4 of the 9 cancer types.
Short-Term Outcomes of Secondary Liver Surgery for Initially Unresectable Colorectal Liver Metastases Following Modern Induction Systemic Therapy in the Dutch CAIRO5 Trial
Authors: Bolhuis Karen , Grosheide Lodi , Wesdorp Nina J. , Komurcu Aysun , Chapelle Thiery , Dejong Cornelis H. C. , Gerhards Michael F. , Grünhagen Dirk J. , van Gulik Thomas M. , Huiskens Joost , De Jong Koert P. , Kazemier Geert , Klaase Joost M. , Liem Mike S. L. , Molenaar I. Quintus , Patijn Gijs A. , Rijken Arjen M. , Ruers Theo M. , Verhoef Cornelis , de Wilt Johannes H. W. , Punt Cornelis J. A. , Swijnenburg Rutger-Jan 
Published: July 2021

Objective:
To present short-term outcomes of liver surgery in patients with initially unresectable colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) downsized by chemotherapy plus targeted agents.

Background:
The increase of complex hepatic resections of CRLM, technical innovations pushing boundaries of respectability, and use of intensified induction systemic regimens warrant for safety data in a homogeneous multicenter prospective cohort.

Methods:
Patients with initially unresectable CRLM, who underwent complete resection after induction systemic regimens with doublet or triplet chemotherapy, both plus targeted therapy, were selected from the ongoing phase III CAIRO5 study (NCT02162563). Short-term outcomes and risk factors for severe postoperative morbidity (Clavien Dindo grade ≥ 3) were analyzed using logistic regression analysis.

Results:
A total of 173 patients underwent resection of CRLM after induction systemic therapy. The median number of metastases was 9 and 161 (93%) patients had bilobar disease. Thirty-six (20.8%) 2-stage resections and 88 (51%) major resections (>3 liver segments) were performed. Severe postoperative morbidity and 90-day mortality was 15.6% and 2.9%, respectively. After multivariable analysis, blood transfusion (odds ratio [OR] 2.9 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1–6.4], P = 0.03), major resection (OR 2.9 [95% CI 1.1–7.5], P = 0.03), and triplet chemotherapy (OR 2.6 [95% CI 1.1–7.5], P = 0.03) were independently correlated with severe postoperative complications. No association was found between number of cycles of systemic therapy and severe complications (r = −0.038, P = 0.31).

Conclusion:
In patients with initially unresectable CRLM undergoing modern induction systemic therapy and extensive liver surgery, severe postoperative morbidity and 90-day mortality were 15.6% and 2.7%, respectively. Triplet chemotherapy, blood transfusion, and major resections were associated with severe postoperative morbidity.
Current Role of Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty for Fractures of the Proximal Humerus
Authors: Saunders Patrick E. , Walker J. Brock , Lederman Evan , McKee Michael D. 
Published: July 2021

Summary:
Treatment of proximal humeral fractures can be challenging. The surgeon's options include nonoperative treatment, open reduction internal fixation, humeral hemiarthroplasty, or reverse shoulder arthroplasty. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty adds an option that can lead to predictable pain relief and good functional outcomes in treating challenging fractures in elderly patients and managing fracture complications and sequelae.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level V. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Giant Pilomatrical Tumor With Broad Epidermal Components: An Example of Histological Diversity and a Potential Diagnostic Pitfall of Tumors With Pilomatrical Differentiation
Authors: Terada Kazuhiro , Yamada Yosuke , Fujimoto Masakazu , Usui Shunya , Kogame Toshiaki , Kaku Yo , Moriyoshi Koki , Haga Hironori 
Published: July 2021

Abstract:
The diagnosis of pilomatricoma, the most common matrical tumor, is generally straightforward; however, it exhibits diverse histology associated with various morphological stages and several clinical variants, and matrical differentiation can occur in various neoplastic diseases. A 56-year-old man was admitted to our hospital to resect an 11.0-cm skin tumor on his right shoulder. Because of its large size and surface irregularities, including multiple erosions and ulcers, cutaneous malignancies were clinically suspected. Histologically, the tumor formed numerous nodules with marked matrical differentiation in the superficial to deep dermis. Although the tumor was macroscopically asymmetrical and irregular, each nodule was microscopically round-shaped and consisted of basaloid cells without marked atypia, atypical mitoses, or lymphovascular invasion. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for beta-catenin, LEF-1, and PHLDA-1, consistent with their pilomatrical differentiation. We diagnosed the case as a giant pilomatrical tumor with uncertain malignant potential, considering its “contradictory” features, namely, the worrisome histoarchitecture, such as the asymmetrical silhouette, but bland-looking cytological appearance. Unlike typical pilomatrical tumors, this tumor contained numerous epidermal components with features similar to those of the dermal components, resulting in a unique macroscopic and histological appearance. Our case broadens the known histological diversity of pilomatrical tumors.
Orbital TFE3-Rearranged Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumor: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Feu-Basilio Silvia , Matas Jessica , Dotti-Boada Marina , Toll Agustin , Larque Ana-Belen , Pigem Ramon , Ortiz-Perez Santiago 
Published: July 2021

Abstract:
Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas) are infrequent mesenchymal neoplasms that have particular histological and immunohistochemical features. Only a few cases have been described in the eye and orbit. This report presents a 28-year-old man who consulted for a painless left orbital mass. With the presumptive diagnosis of cavernous hemangioma, a surgical excisional biopsy was performed. Histopathological examination showed a well-delimited tumor composed of epithelioid cells with an eosinophilic cytoplasm and oval nucleus. The tumor cells stained diffusely for HMB-45 and transcription factor E3 (TFE3) and were focally positive for actin. There was no reactivity to S100 or desmin. Genetic testing revealed a TFE3 rearrangement. Based on these results, an extremely rare orbital TFE3-rearranged PEComa was diagnosed. Although no recurrence was seen at last follow-up, a review of the literature shows experience is limited regarding orbital PEComas and their malignant potential. Further research is needed to establish management guidelines, their association with the tuberous sclerosis complex, and the role of genetic mutations such as TFE3 rearrangement.
Proliferative Clonal T-Cell Infiltrate Mimicking a Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Arising in Active Regression of Melanoma
Authors: Siref Andrew , Kitahara Sumire , Balzer Bonnie 
Published: July 2021

Abstract:
Complete melanoma regression is an uncommon phenomenon involving a complex interplay of the tumor microenvironment and host immune response. We report a case of an 84-year-old woman with a history of colon and breast cancers who presented with a right forearm tumor, which was found to be a nodular melanoma; focal features of regression were noted in the biopsy. Approximately 6 weeks later, surgical resection of the site revealed no gross evidence of tumor, and histologic sections showed an extensive lymphoid infiltrate with prominent epidermotropism. Rare residual melanoma cells were present in the dermis, best visualized on immunohistochemical stains. T cells predominated in the infiltrate with an inverted CD4:CD8 ratio at approximately 1:2. There was no appreciable loss of pan‒T-cell antigens. T-cell receptor beta and gamma gene rearrangements were performed by polymerase chain reaction and demonstrated clonality in each assay. Although a synchronous cutaneous T-cell lymphoma was considered, the overall clinicopathologic features are more in line with an exaggerated host immune response leading to near complete regression of the tumor.
Acquired Perforating Dermatosis Induced by PD-1 Inhibitor: A Case Report
Authors: Liu Xiaoyan , Wang Huayang , Wan Yinsheng , Guo Ying , Shan Shi-Jun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract:
Acquired perforating dermatoses (APDs) are a group of diverse skin disorders in patients with systemic disease, most commonly chronic renal failure and diabetes mellitus. APD induced by medication has seldom been reported. Anti–PD-1 monoclonal antibody has recently been used as a broad-spectrum, effective, durable, and relatively safe antitumor therapy for various malignancies. Thus far, known side effects involving skin have included rash, pruritus, and vitiligo. Here, we present a rare case of a unilateral linear eruption with histopathologic features of APD in a 36-year-old man during treatment with Terepril monoclonal antibody. To the best of our knowledge, APD induced by the PD-1 inhibitor has not been described in the medical literature.
Inter-rater Reliability and Repeatability of Manual Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography Image Grading in Keratoconus
Authors: Lin Anna N. , Mohammed Isa S. K. , Munir Wuqaas M. , Munir Saleha Z. , Alexander Janet L. 
Published: July 2021

Objectives:
To determine the repeatability of corneal measurements from anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) images using ImageJ software in healthy eyes compared with eyes with keratoconus.

Methods:
Anterior segment OCT images of 25 eyes from 14 healthy subjects and 25 eyes from 15 subjects with keratoconus between the ages of 20 and 80 years were evaluated. Two trained observers used ImageJ to measure the central corneal cross-sectional area and anterior and posterior corneal arc lengths. MedCalc statistical software was used to generate the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland–Altman plots (BAPs) for observer measurements.

Results:
Observer measurements of the central corneal cross-sectional area and anterior and posterior corneal arc lengths yielded an ICC >0.7. The ICC comparing the 3 parameters ranged from 0.75 to 0.84 for the control and 0.96 to 0.98 for the keratoconus group. No systematic proportional bias was detected by the BAPs. There were minimal differences between the 2 observer's measurements, with a mean of the difference of 0.3 mm2, 0 mm, and 0 mm, for the 3 measurements, respectively.

Conclusions:
This study suggests that ImageJ software is a repeatable and reliable tool in the analysis of corneal parameters from AS-OCT images among patients with keratoconus and may be applicable to AS-OCT imaging protocol development, an area of active keratoconus research.
Dexamethasone-Eluting Contact Lens for the Prevention of Postphotorefractive Keratectomy Scar in a New Zealand White Rabbit Model
Authors: Soeken Timothy A. , Ross Amy E. , Kohane Daniel S. , Kuang Liangju , Legault Gary L. , Caldwell Matthew C. , Brundridge Wesley L. , Merkley Michael B. , Ciolino Joseph B. , Townley J. Richard 
Published: July 2021

Purpose:
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of an experimental dexamethasone-eluting contact lens (DCL) for the prevention of postphotorefractive keratectomy (PRK) corneal haze in a New Zealand White (NZW) rabbit model.

Methods:
Both eyes of 29 NZW rabbits underwent PRK. The rabbits were randomized to one of the 5 study arms for 4 weeks: tarsorrhaphy only, tarsorrhaphy and bandage contact lens (BCL) replaced weekly, tarsorrhaphy and BCL for 1 week plus topical 0.1% dexamethasone ophthalmic solution (drops) for 4 weeks, tarsorrhaphy and BCL replaced weekly plus topical dexamethasone for 4 weeks, and tarsorrhaphy and DCL changed weekly for 4 weeks. Each week for 4 consecutive weeks postoperatively, the tarsorrhaphies were opened, the eyes underwent evaluation and imaging, and the tarsorrhaphies were replaced. Contact lenses were cultured on removal. Central corneal haze was assessed weekly with corneal densitometry. After 4 weeks, the animals were killed, and the eyes were enucleated for histopathologic analysis.

Results:
The tarsorrhaphy only group displayed more haze with a greater change in optical densitometry from pre-op compared with the other treatment groups. There was no difference between the DCL group and the groups receiving a BCL and dexamethasone drops in densitometry or histopathology. No NZW rabbits developed clinical signs of infection, and cultures from DCLs and BCLs grew similar organisms.

Conclusions:
In the post-PRK rabbit model, DCLs worn weekly for 4 weeks were safe and as effective at preventing corneal haze as 0.1% dexamethasone drops applied 4 times a day for 4 weeks.
Persistence of Immunity Following 2-Dose Priming with a 10-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine at 6 and 10 Weeks or 6 and 14 Weeks of Age in Nepalese Toddlers
Authors: Gurung Meeru , Bijukchhe Sanjeev M. , Hariri Parisa , Voysey Merryn , Kandasamy Rama , Thorson Stephen , Maskey Pratistha , Pandit Raju , Shrestha Biplav , Gautam Madhav Chandra , Maharjan Mamata , Lama Laxmi , Acharya Baikuntha , Basi Ruby , K.C. Manisha , O’Reilly Peter , Shrestha Sonu , Ansari Imran , Shah Ganesh P. , Kelly Sarah , O’Brien Katherine L. , Goldblatt David , Kelly Dominic F. , Murdoch David R. , Pollard Andrew J. , Shrestha Shrijana 
Published: July 2021

Background:
The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine has had a substantial impact on invasive pneumococcal disease. Previously, we compared immunity following vaccination with the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) administered at 2 slightly different schedules: at 6 and 10 weeks of age, and at 6 and 14 weeks of age, both followed by a 9-month booster. In this study, we followed up those participants to evaluate the medium-term persistence of serotype-specific pneumococcal immunity at 2-3 years of age.

Method:
Children from the previous studies were contacted and after taking informed consent from their parents, blood samples and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected. Serotype-specific IgG antibody concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, for the 10 vaccine serotypes, at a WHO pneumococcal serology reference laboratory.

Findings:
Two hundred twenty of the 287 children who completed the primary study returned at 2–3 years of age to provide a blood sample and nasopharyngeal swab. The nasopharyngeal carriage rate of PCV10 serotypes in the 6 + 14 group was higher than the 6 + 10 group (13.4% vs. 1.9%). Nevertheless, the proportion of toddlers with serum pneumococcal serotype-specific IgG greater than or equal to 0.35 µg/mL was comparable for all PCV10 serotypes between the 6 + 10 week and 6 + 14 week groups. Similarly, the geometric mean concentrations of serum pneumococcal serotype-specific IgG levels were similar in the 2 groups for all serotypes, except for serotype 19F which was 32% lower in the 6 + 10 group than the 6 + 14 group.

Conclusion:
Immunization with PCV10 at 6 + 10 weeks or 6 + 14 weeks, with a booster at 9 months in each case, results in similar persistence of serotype-specific antibody at 2-3 years of age. Thus, protection from pneumococcal disease is expected to be similar when either schedule is used.
Adolescent pain, anxiety, and depressive problems: a twin study of their co-occurrence and the relationship to substance use
Authors: Scaini Simona , Michelini Giorgia , De Francesco Stefano , Fagnani Corrado , Medda Emanuela , Stazi Maria Antonietta , Battaglia Marco 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Data on the etiological factors underlying the co-occurrence of common adolescent pain with anxiety and depression symptoms are very limited. Opioid prescriptions for adolescent pain problems are on the rise in North America and constitute a risk factor for diversion, misuse, and substance use. In this study, we aimed to investigate the phenotypic and etiological association among pain, depression, and anxiety and to test their link to substance use in adolescents. By taking advantage of the Italian National Twin Registry and of the relatively low incidence of opioid prescriptions in Italy, we applied multivariate modelling analyses to 748 Italian adolescent twins (374 pairs, mean age 16 ± 1.24 years). Twins' responses to the Achenbach Youth Self-Report questionnaire were used to build a composite adolescent pain index and to measure anxiety, depression, and substance use. All monozygotic within-pair correlations were higher than the dizygotic correlations, indicating genetic influences for adolescent pain, anxiety, and depressive problems. A common latent liability factor influenced by genetic and environmental elements shared among pain, depression, and anxiety provided the best fit to explain the co-occurrence of adolescent pain, anxiety, and depression problems. A common phenotypic factor capturing all 3 phenotypes was positively associated (β = 0.19, P < 0.001, confidence interval: 0.10-0.27) with substance use. These findings indicate that several intertwined mechanisms, including genetic factors, can explain a shared liability to common adolescent pain, anxiety, and depression problems. Their association with substance use remains traceable even in societies with relatively low prevalence of opioid prescriptions.
Pattern and Prevalence of Liver Involvement in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic and Myeloid Leukemia at Diagnosis
Authors: Sandart Amelie , Harila‐Saari Arja , Arnell Henrik , Fischler Björn , Vakkila Jukka 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTObjectives:The prevalence and significance of liver involvement at diagnosis was studied in pediatric acute lymphoblastic (ALL) and myeloid leukemia (AML).Methods:A population based cohort of 122 pre B‐ALL, 22 T‐ALL and 45 AML patients was formed from the Nordic Society of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology leukemia registries (years 2005–2017). Hepatomegaly, elevated alanine aminotransferase, high INR, hypoalbuminemia and conjugated hyperbilirubinemia at diagnosis were used as markers for liver involvement. Minimal residual disease (MRD), time to relapse and overall survival (OS) were correlated with liver involvements.Results:The pattern of liver involvement was significantly different between leukemia subtypes (P = 0.025). The proportion of patients without liver abnormalities was 50.0% in AML and 44.8% in pre B‐ALL and 23.5% in T‐ALL patients. Hepatomegaly characterized lymphatic leukemia being present in 41.8% and 58.8% of pre B‐ and T‐ALL patients. Liver dysfunction was most common in AML (29.5%) and least frequent in pre B‐ALL (7.4%,) (P = 0.001). Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia was present in less than 5% of patients. Hepatomegaly correlated positively with age in pre B‐ALL (P = 0.036) and white blood cell count (WBC) in AML (P = 0.010). Hepatic dysfunction was related with high WBC in pre B‐ALL (P = 0.037) and AML (P = 0.001). Liver involvement in patients with ALL was not associated with toxicity or outcome. Patients with AML without liver involvement demonstrated superior OS.Conclusions:Liver involvement is frequent at diagnosis in pediatric leukemia and its prevalence is related with leukemia subtype, age and WBC. In AML, but not in ALL, it associates with suboptimal prognosis.
Mindfulness and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Gu Yingqi , Zhu Yi , Brown Kirk Warren 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Understanding the underlying mechanisms of mindfulness has been a hot topic in recent years, not only in clinical fields but also in neuroscience. Most neuroimaging findings demonstrate that critical brain regions involved in mindfulness are responsible for cognitive functions and mental states. However, the brain is a complex system operating via multiple circuits and networks, rather than isolated brain regions solely responsible for specific functions. Mindfulness-based treatments for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have emerged as promising adjunctive or alternative intervention approaches. We focus on four key brain circuits associated with mindfulness practices and effects on symptoms of ADHD and its cognitive dysfunction, including executive attention circuit, sustained attention circuit, impulsivity circuit, and hyperactivity circuit. We also expand our discussion to identify three key brain networks associated with mindfulness practices, including central executive network, default mode network, and salience network. We conclude by suggesting that more research efforts need to be devoted into identifying putative neuropsychological mechanisms of mindfulness on how it alleviates ADHD symptoms.