bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Niosomal Encapsulation of Curcumin: Formulation and Characterization
Authors: Singh Deepak , Upadhyay Prashant 
Published: September 2021

Aim: Because of its many actions, curcumin, a plant-derived polyphenolic substance found naturally in turmeric (Curcuma longa), has been the focus of a significant investigation. The utilization of safe, useful, and highly functional chemicals obtained from natural sources in human nutrition/prevention/therapy needs some modifications to achieve multifunctionality, enhance the bioavailability, and delivery methods, all to enhance their efficacy. Curcumin's limited water solubility, fast metabolism and removal from the body, and hence low bioavailability, are significant obstacles to its use. To address these issues, a variety of new drug delivery systems with multiple routes of administration have evolved. Encapsulating the medication in vesicular structures is one such technique that, if successful in enabling selective absorption, can be predicted to extend the drug's life in systemic circulation and reduce toxicity. As a result, several vesicular drug delivery methods, including liposomes, niosomes, transfersomes, and pharmacosomes, have been developed. Since then, developments in vesicular drug delivery have resulted in the creation of systems that enable drug targeting as well as the prolonged or controlled release of traditional medications. The present study aimed to develop and characterize curcumin-loaded niosomes.
Design of Study: In present study 32 factorial method was used to formulate different formulations of niosomes containing curcumin.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacy, IFTM University Moradabad, From December to May 2021.
Methodology: Various niosomal formulations of curcumin were developed by using surfactant and cholesterol by thin-film hydration technique. Total 9 formulations were developed and characterized (32 factorial designs).
Results: Formulation N7 was considered as an optimized formulation since formulation F7 has maximum drug entrapment and a prolonged drug release rate. The present study suggests that the concentration of surfactant and cholesterol affects % drug loading efficiency of niosomes. The percentage entrapment efficiency of niosomes increases on the increasing concentration of surfactant (Span 60) and cholesterol but above a certain concentration of cholesterol further increment in cholesterol concentration reduces drug entrapment efficiency of niosomes.
Efficacy of Preemptive Analgesia with Pregabalin in Orthognathic Surgery-A Systematic Review
Authors: Ramasubbu Subhashini , Wahab Abdul 
Published: September 2021

Background: Orthognathic surgery is a treatment approach that is used for correcting the congenital or developmental anomalies of maxilla and mandible as well as secondary deformities of trauma. During these procedure saws, chisels, separators, and plate screw systems are used. Postoperative pain is an acute pain that is accompanied by the inflammatory process that occurs as a result of surgical trauma, and gradually decreases with tissue recovery. The analgesic prevents the establishment of the central sensitization due to incisional injury (only covers the surgical period) and prevents the establishment of the central sensitization (covering the surgical and early postoperative periods). Pregabalin is a structural gama-aminobutyric acid (GABA) analogue. It has been shown in recent studies that pregabalin, which is involved in chronical pain treatment, can also be involved in acute postoperative pain treatment.
Objectives: The aim of this systematic review is to assess the efficacy of preemptive analgesia with pregabalin on postoperative pain in orthognathic surgery.
Materials and Methods: The Data Bases of PubMed, Cochrane and Google scholar were searched for the related topics along with a complimentary manual search of all oral surgery journals till September 2019. Articles were selected based on the inclusion criteria, which included all RCTs.
Results: From this systematic review it is concluded that pre-emptive analgesia with pregabalin is effective in lowering acute postoperative pain in the patients who have undergone orthognathic surgery.
Conclusion: In this systematic review we have concluded that, on average, a single dose of pregabalin was shown to decrease post-operative pain. More studies have to be done to evaluate the efficacy of the drug.
Disability glare and nighttime driving performance among commercial drivers in Ghana
Authors: Boadi-Kusi Samuel Bert , Austin Eric , Abu Sampson Listowell , Holdbrook Selina , Morny Enyam Komla Amewuho 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objective
Glare caused by the headlights of on-coming vehicles risk safe driving at night. The study aimed to determine the relationship between glare exposure and nighttime driving performance among commercial drivers in Ghana.

Methods
This cross-sectional study involved commercial drivers with complaints of nighttime driving difficulties (N = 80; mean age = 41.5 ± 11.1 years). A questionnaire was used to investigate nighttime driving performance following glare exposure. We measured contrast sensitivity and visual acuity under photopic conditions. With an experimental setup in a mesopic setting, we measured visual acuity with and without glare exposure. The difference between the two mesopic visual acuities was quantified as disability glare index. With the same setup, photostress recovery time was also measured. Regression analyses were used to determine the relationship between nighttime driving performance score and the measures taken in both photopic and mesopic settings.

Results
The average nighttime driving performance score was 47.8 ± 17.5. Driving performance was negatively correlated with all variables (R = –0.87 to –0.30, all p &lt; .01), except contrast sensitivity (R = 0.74, p &lt; .01). A multiple linear regression showed that the model with all variables explained 83.8% of the variance, but only disability glare index was a significant predictor of nighttime driving performance following glare exposure (standardized B = –0.61, p &lt; .01).

Conclusion
Our results show that the change in mesopic visual acuities following glare can predict nighttime driving performance. This measure can be incorporated into the assessment of driving fitness by licensing departments to evaluate whether a person can drive safely at night amidst glare exposure.
You've got some explaining to do: Effects of explanation prompts on science text comprehension
Authors: McCarthy Kathryn S. , Hinze Scott R. 
Published: September 2021

SummaryThe use of active comprehension strategies that encourage students to explain what they have read can improve students' comprehension of complex scientific texts. Most research has focused on either strategies that are engaged during reading (online) or those used after reading (offline)—often ignoring potential interactions that might occur in authentic learning. This study uses a 2(online: think‐aloud, self‐explain) 3(offline: reread, free recall, explanatory retrieval) design with a 7‐day delayed comprehension test to examine how online and offline explanation strategies affect comprehension. Linear mixed effects modeling will be used to examine both main effects and interactions.
Identification of Wiener systems based on the variable forgetting factor multierror stochastic gradient and the key term separation
Authors: Jing Shaoxue , Pan Tianhong , Zhu Quanmin 
Published: September 2021

SummaryThe identification of Wiener systems is very difficult because of the output nonlinearity and the parameter product term. To identify the Wiener system, a novel stochastic gradient algorithm based on the multierror and the key term separation is proposed. Firstly, the Wiener system is parameterized as a pseudo‐linear model to avoid the products of the parameters. Secondly, a parzen window is used to estimate the probability density function of the error. Thirdly, a stochastic information gradient algorithm with the multierror is adopted to estimate the parameters. The multierror takes the place of the scalar error by the stacked error, which accelerates the algorithm greatly. Fourthly, a variable forgetting factor considering errors is integrated to further speed the algorithm up. Finally, the proposed algorithm is validated by a numerical example and an industrial case. The estimation results indicate that the proposed algorithm can obtain accurate estimates with fast convergence speed.
High‐Lithiophilicity Host with Micro/Nanostructured Active Sites based on Wenzel Wetting Model for Dendrite‐Free Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Mei Yang , Zhou Jiahui , Hao Yutong , Hu Xin , Lin Jiao , Huang Yongxin , Li Li , Feng Changgen , Wu Feng , Chen Renjie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSuperior lithophilicity for the 3D host is essential to enable both uniform molten lithium (Li) infusion during synthesis and a low Li nucleation barrier during cycling. The wetting behavior between the host surface and molten Li can be reasonably predicted by the typical Wenzel model. Herein, inspired by the model, a lotus‐leaf‐like carbon nanotube (CNT)/NiO spheres hybrid structure is employed to improve the wettability and regulate Li plating/stripping. First, the CNTs interweave to form a highly conductive and robust sponge with accelerated Li+ transport and reinforced stability. Second, the embedded NiO microspheres possess the Li‐active nature. More importantly, the surface roughness caused by nano‐sized protuberances over its surface further stronger the lithiophilicity. By the in situ optical microscope and calculations, this multistage structure is proven to homogenize the Li deposition and inhibit dendrite growth. As a result, the composite anode enables excellent cycling performance at both symmetric and full cells. This design of micro/nanostructured host provides a new perspective on the development of an excellent wettable host for Li‐metal anode.
Designing Porous Antifouling Interfaces for High‐Power Implantable Biofuel Cell
Authors: Wang Lie , He Er , Gao Rui , Wu Xiaotong , Zhou Anwei , Lu Jiang , Zhao Tiancheng , Li Jiaxin , Yun Yanjing , Li Luhe , Ye Tingting , Jiao Yiding , Wang Jiacheng , Chen Hao , Li Dan , Ning Xinghai , Wu Di , Peng Huisheng , Zhang Ye 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBiofuel cells that can convert the chemical energy of biomass such as glucose into electricity are expected to continuously obtain energy from living organisms and solve bottlenecks of energy supply for implanted electronics. However, the use of biofuel cells is limited mainly by the sharp drop in performance after implanting in living organisms caused by biofouling and electrode surface inactivation. Herein, a simple and effective strategy to overcome these problems by designing a porous antifouling interface on biofuel cells, is demonstrated. It resists the biofouling from body fluid while sustaining reactant penetration, and also enhances immobilization of enzymes. As a result, the biofuel cell can maintain almost 100% performance after implanting in living organisms, and a maximal output power of 76.6 mW cm‐3is achieved in vivo, which is≈96 times of the highest performance reported to date. This strategy is universal and can be extended to the other electronic devices such as electrochemical sensors, which presents a new avenue for developing high‐performance implanted electronics.
Graphene‐Based Technologies for Tackling COVID‐19 and Future Pandemics
Authors: Afroj Shaila , Britnell Liam , Hasan Tahmid , Andreeva Daria V. , Novoselov Kostya S. , Karim Nazmul 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic highlighted the need for rapid tools and technologies to combat highly infectious viruses. The excellent electrical, mechanical and other functional properties of graphene and graphene‐like 2D materials (2DM) can be utilized to develop novel and innovative devices to tackle COVID‐19 and future pandemics. Here, the authors outline how graphene and other 2DM‐based technologies can be used for the detection, protection, and continuous monitoring of infectious diseases including COVID‐19. The authors highlight the potential of 2DM‐based biosensors in rapid testing and tracing of viruses to enable isolation of infected patients, and stop the spread of viruses. The possibilities of graphene‐based wearable devices are discussed for continuous monitoring of COVID‐19 symptoms. The authors also provide an overview of the personal protective equipment, and potential filtration mechanisms to separate, destroy or degrade highly infectious viruses, and the potential of graphene and other 2DM to increase their efficiency, and enhance functional and mechanical properties. Graphene and other 2DM could not only play a vital role for tackling the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic but also provide technology platforms and tools for the protection, detection and monitoring of future viral diseases.
Synthesis of Poly‐Functionalized Indolizines via [5+1] Annulative Access to Pyridines
Authors: Joshi Dirgha Raj , Kim Ikyon 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMulti‐functionalization of the pyridine motif of indolizine was achieved through [5+1] annulative construction of pyridine from 2‐hydroxyacetophenone and pyrrole derivative in the presence of Cs2CO3. The reaction is proposed to take place via domino aldol‐oxa Michael‐Michael‐elimination‐oxidation procedure, leading to installation of three different functional groups at the C5, C6, and C7 positions of indolizines. Solvent (2‐MeTHF) and the hydroxyl of 2‐hydroxyacetophenones seemed to play crucial roles for this successful cyclization event. Further elaboration of the resulting scaffold and expansion of this protocol using other methyl ketones were demonstrated as well.magnified image
Amphibious Transport of Fluids and Solids by Soft Magnetic Carpets
Authors: Demirörs Ahmet F. , Aykut Sümeyye , Ganzeboom Sophia , Meier Yuki A. , Hardeman Robert , de Graaf Joost , Mathijssen Arnold J. T. M. , Poloni Erik , Carpenter Julia A. , Ünlü Caner , Zenhäusern Daniel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOne of the major challenges in modern robotics is controlling micromanipulation by active and adaptive materials. In the respiratory system, such actuation enables pathogen clearance by means of motile cilia. While various types of artificial cilia have been engineered recently, they often involve complex manufacturing protocols and focus on transporting liquids only. Here, soft magnetic carpets are created via an easy self‐assembly route based on the Rosensweig instability. These carpets can transport not only liquids but also solid objects that are larger and heavier than the artificial cilia, using a crowd‐surfing effect.This amphibious transportation is locally and reconfigurably tunable by simple micromagnets or advanced programmable magnetic fields with a high degree of spatial resolution. Two surprising cargo reversal effects are identified and modeled due to collective ciliary motion and nontrivial elastohydrodynamics. While the active carpets are generally applicable to integrated control systems for transport, mixing, and sorting, these effects can also be exploited for microfluidic viscosimetry and elastometry.
The Effectiveness of Machine Learning in Predicting Lateral Lymph Node Metastasis From Lower Rectal Cancer: A Single Center Development and Validation Study
Authors: Kasai Shunsuke , Shiomi Akio , Kagawa Hiroyasu , Hino Hitoshi , Manabe Shoichi , Yamaoka Yusuke , Chen Kai , Nanishi Kenji , Kinugasa Yusuke 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimAccurate preoperative diagnosis of lateral lymph node metastasis (LLNM) from lower rectal cancer is important to identify patients who require lateral lymph node dissection (LLND). We aimed to create an effective prediction model for LLNM using machine learning by combining preoperative information.MethodsWe retrospectively examined patients who underwent primary rectal cancer surgery with unilateral or bilateral LLND between April 2010 and March 2020 at a single institution. Using the machine learning software “Prediction One” (Sony Network Communications), we developed a prediction model in the training cohort that included 267 consecutive patients (500 sides) from April 2010. Clinicopathological data obtained from the preoperative examinations were used as the learning items. In the validation cohort that included subsequent patients until March 2020, we compared the discriminating powers of the prediction model and the conventional method using the short‐axis diameter of the largest lateral lymph node, as detected on magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsThe area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the prediction model was 0.903 in the validation cohort comprising 56 patients (107 sides). This indicated significantly higher predictive power than that of the conventional method (AUC = 0.754; P = .022). Using the cutoff values defined in the training cohort, the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the prediction model were 80.4%, 90.0%, and 79.4%, respectively. The model was able to correctly predict four of five sides comprising LLNM with the short‐axis diameters ≤4 mm.ConclusionMachine learning contributed to the creation of an effective prediction model for LLNM.
A review of cystic fibrosis: Basic and clinical aspects
Authors: Chen Qionghua , Shen Yuelin , Zheng Jingyang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations of the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Here we summarize, at the basic descriptive level, clinical and genetic characteristics of cystic fibrosis gene mutations, while emphasizing differences between CF mutations found in Chinese pediatric CF patients compared to those found in Caucasian CF patients. In addition, we describe animal models used to study human cystic fibrosis disease and highlight unique features of each model that mimic specific human CF‐associated signs and symptoms. At the clinical level, we summarize CF clinical manifestations and diagnostic, treatment, and prognostic methods to provide clinicians with information toward reducing CF misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis rates.
Synthesis of pH‐sensitive grafted psyllium: Encapsulation of quercetin for colon cancer treatment
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Gautam Arti , Kundu Patit Paban 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe pH‐sensitive polymeric materials are the current need of time in targeted drug delivery applications. The pH‐sensitive cross‐linked psyllium grafted‐poly (acrylonitrile‐co‐acrylic acid) [Psy‐g‐Poly (An‐co‐AA)] was synthesized by using ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) redox initiator via chemical grafting process for colon cancer treatment. The synthesized material [Psy‐g‐Poly (An‐co‐AA)] was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction Zeta potential, and thermal gravimetric analysis. Furthermore, quercetin (QPN) drug was encapsulated in cross‐linked grafted psyllium preparing nanoparticles of encapsulated QPN via the sonication technique for controlled release of QPN and testing of in vitro anticancer and antioxidant activities. The anticancer activity of QNP and QPN were studied on human cell line (HCT‐15) and it was observed that QNP also exhibited excellent anticancer and antioxidant activity as compared to only QPN. QNP showed maximal swelling at pH‐7 and demonstrated maximum QPN release (93%) at the pH of the intestinal fluid (pH‐7.4). The drug release kinetic data followed the Korsmeyer–Peppas model (R2 = 0.9808) kinetic model, indicating the mechanism of drug release from QNP was non‐Fickian diffusion. Furthermore, pH‐specific QPN release behavior of Psy‐g‐Poly (An‐co‐AA) can be utilized for colon targeted drug delivery.
Synergistic effects of hybrid nanofillers on graphene oxide reinforced epoxy coating on corrosion resistance and fire retardancy
Authors: Kabeb Siti Maznah , Hassan Azman , Ahmad Faiz , Mohamad Zurina , Sharer Zalilah , Mokhtar Munirah 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the synergistic effects of two different type of nanofillers, that is, halloysite nanotube (HNT) and montmorillonite (MMT) on anticorrosion performance and flame retardancy properties of graphene oxide reinforced epoxy coatings for structural steel application. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Tafel polarization, salt spray test (SST) and limiting oxygen index (LOI) tests were conducted to reveal the effects of hybrid nanofillers on corrosion protection and flame retardancy performance of the coatings. The dispersion of the nanofillers with the matrix was characterized via transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed, EGO0.6 coatings exhibited the best anticorrosion performance (Rct = 2.105 × 109 Ω.cm) compared to E0 coating (Rct = 6.420 × 108 Ω.cm) and epoxy filled with single nanofiller. The coating reinforced with hybrid nanofillers, EGO0.6H0.3 showed further improvement in corrosion resistance, compared to other single and hybrid nanofillers coatings studied. All epoxy coating samples filled with nanofillers showed slow burning behavior in the LOI test. The incorporation of hybrid nanofillers increased the LOI value of EGO0.6H0.4 coating up to 25.0 from 21.0 for neat epoxy coating. The LOI data shows a good correlation with char formation from thermogravimetric analysis analysis. TEM results revealed a positive effect of the nanofillers on HNT/GO/epoxy coating showing a well‐dispersed and enhanced barrier properties.
A group psychoanalytic approach to the analysis of peacemakers' practice
Authors: Salaam Abdel‐Malek Hana 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPeacemakers dealing with violent conflicts are often exposed to stressors that are detrimental to the peacemaking process. Such stressors hinder performance and challenge the peacemakers' professional identity and identifications, both consciously and unconsciously. Moreover, peacemakers may risk contamination by the “radioactive,” traumatic elements of the violence inherent in the bellicose situations they deal with at the peace table. They may become “crypt carriers” of expulsed mourning and denied lost objects. In this study, I elaborate on whether a group psychoanalytic approach to analyzing peacemakers' practice can offer mediators the space to explore, elaborate on, and symbolize the unconscious dynamics underlying their practice. Having such a space can help them perform the psychic “work of trauma,” and shield or decontaminate them and their practice from the “radioactive” effect of the potentially traumatic elements of their profession. Such an approach can provide peacemakers with a complementary tool for developing their practice.
Photocatalysis in Supramolecular Fluorescent Metallacycles and Metallacages
Authors: Lin Hong‐Yu , Zhou Le‐Yong , Xu Lin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe utilization of photocatalytic techniques for achieving light‐to‐fuel conversion is a promising way to ease the shortage of energy and degradation of the ecological environment. Fluorescent metallacycles and metallacages have drawn considerable attention and have been used in widespread fields due to easy preparation and their abundant functionality including photocatalysis. This review covers recent advances in photocatalysis in discrete supramolecular fluorescent metallacycles and metallacages. The developments in the utilization of the metallacycles skeletons and the effect of fluorescence‐resonance energy transfer for photocatalysis are discussed. Furthermore, the use of the ligands decorated by organic chromophores or redox metal sites in metallacages as photocatalysts and their ability to encapsulate appropriate catalytic cofactors for photocatalysis are summarized. For the sake of brevity, macrocycles and cages with inorganic coordination complexes such as ruthenium complexes and iridium complexes are not included in this minireview.