bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A (Very) Few Concluding Thoughts
Authors: Bausell R. Barker 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this chapter, educational recommendations for future scientists are suggested followed by possible scenarios that may characterize the future of the reproducibility initiatives discussed in previous chapters. One such scenario, while quite pessimistic, is not without historical precedent. Namely, that the entire movement may turn out to be little more than a publishing opportunity for methodologically oriented scientists—soon replaced by something else and forgotten by most—thereby allowing it to be reprised a few decades later under a different name by different academics. Alternately, and more optimistically, the procedural and statistical behaviors discussed here will receive an increased emphasis in the scientific curricula accompanied by a sea change in actual scientific practice and its culture—thereby producing a substantial reduction in the prevalence of avoidable false-positive scientific results. And indeed recent evidence does appear to suggest that the reproducibility initiatives instituted by the dedicated cadre of methodologically oriented scientists chronicled in this book have indeed begun the process of making substantive improvements in the quality and veracity of scientific inquiry itself.
Evolution of the Central Actors in the Governance Network
Authors: Pugh Jeffrey D. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Chapter 5 takes a closer look at three of the most important sets of actors involved at a national level in defining the agenda for migrant integration in Ecuador: the Ecuadorian state (especially the Ministry of Foreign Relations and Plan Ecuador), the United Nations system (especially UNHCR and UNDP) in Ecuador, and the Catholic Church. By tracing the institutional development and interaction of these three sets of organizations, the chapter seeks to understand how the differing political incentives and institutional missions and structures of each component of the migration governance network have impeded or promoted human security and peacebuilding. The chapter identifies trust, mission, capacity, and transnational linkages as key factors influencing outcomes. Recognizing the importance of change over time, the chapter traces three distinct phases within the time frame of 2000–2017: Absence, Coordination, and Regression.
Phantoms of a Beleaguered Republic
Authors: Skowronek Stephen , Dearborn John A. , King Desmond 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
As the nation’s chief executive, Donald Trump pitted himself repeatedly against the institutions and personnel of the executive branch. In the process, two once-obscure concepts came center stage in an eerie face-off. On one side was the specter of a “Deep State” conspiracy – administrators threatening to thwart the will of the people and undercut the constitutional authority of the president they elected to lead them. On the other side was a raw personalization of presidential power, one that a theory of “the unitary executive” gussied up and allowed to run roughshod over reason and the rule of law. The Deep State and the unitary executive framed every major contest of the Trump presidency. Like phantom twins, they drew each other out and wrestled to light basic issues of governance long suppressed. Though this conflict reached a fever pitch during the Trump presidency, it is not new. Stephen Skowronek, John A. Dearborn, and Desmond King trace the tensions between presidential power and the depth of the American state back through the decades and forward through the various settlements arrived at in previous eras. Phantoms of a Beleaguered Republic is about the breakdown of settlements and the abiding vulnerabilities of a Constitution that gave scant attention to administrative power. Rather than simply dump on Trump, the authors provide a richly historical perspective on the conflicts that rocked his presidency, and they explain why, if left untamed, the phantom twins will continue to pull American government apart.
Weak State, Strong State, Deep State
Authors: Skowronek Stephen , Dearborn John A. , King Desmond 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The most pressing reason to revive scholarly discussion of the state in America is that, for the first time, everyone else is talking about it quite candidly. Trump’s assault on the “Deep State” has pulled that old chestnut front and center. But as many researchers have shown, the American state defies easy characterization. Some describe it as a “weak state” because of the constitutional fragmentation of authority, the divisions of national power among three branches and between the national and state governments vertically. Others describe it as a “strong state” for its proven capacities to release social energies and deploy resources under pressure. The weak/strong debate has turned on the most exceptional features of the American state. This chapter reconfigures that debate around attributes of depth, and it brings to the fore issues that the modern American state shares with all others.
Depth in Norms
Authors: Skowronek Stephen , Dearborn John A. , King Desmond 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This chapter examines depth in norms, shared understandings of what constitutes appropriate political and institutional behavior. Norms that shield the work of administrators reflect an abiding, collective interest in preventing the operations of the executive branch from being overrun by personal interests and the political calculations of the moment. Nowhere in the executive branch do norms play a larger role than in law enforcement, where they figure prominently in public perception of the legitimacy of the entire operation. By the same token, however, political insulation and administrative discretion make the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Department of Justice prime sites both for resistance to the claims of a unitary executive and for presidential suspicions about a Deep State with interests of its own.
Beyond Bias
Authors: Krzych Scott 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
“Bias” is a term that circulates frequently in the contemporary landscape of political media, a term intended to diagnose a failure when media outlets fail to maintain journalistic objectivity. Beyond Bias interrogates what would seem, at first glance, to be examples of utterly biased political media—contemporary conservative documentary films. However, rather than dismiss such cases of political representation as exemplars of ideological nonsense, reactionary propaganda, and so on, Beyond Bias locates in conservative media a mode of discourse central to contemporary democratic debate in the United States. Specifically, this book identifies conservative media as a mode of hysterical discourse. As the book makes clear, hysterical political discourse occurs when debate is simulated as a means to avoid a more substantive exchange. Drawing from psychoanalytic theories of hysteria and aesthetic politics, and likewise by placing conservative documentaries in the context of many concerns central to Documentary Studies (participation, observation, representation, the archive, etc.), Beyond Bias views conservative documentary, and conservative media and politics more generally, not as the biased excesses of the contemporary political landscape but rather as texts central to understanding the implicit, though sometimes affectively traumatic, antagonisms inevitable in democracy and constitutive of democratic debate.
Conclusion Rebirth
Authors: Bittner Stephen V. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
After restating the central arguments, the conclusion takes the story of Russian and Soviet winemaking into the post-Soviet years. It describes the near destruction of the former Soviet wine industry amid the economic chaos of the 1990s and the disintegration of the Soviet Union. Amid this destruction, Western wines reappeared in the post-Soviet marketplace after a seventy-year hiatus. Moreover, Western wine connoisseurs discovered Georgian wines and traditional Georgian production methods. The book ends with Vladimir Putin’s 2006 ban on the import of wines from Georgia and Moldova, and the emergence of a genuine culture of connoisseurship among young, educated, and worldly Russians and Ukrainians, who were far more prone to choose a high-quality imported wine from Australia or Europe than a more potent bottle of bormotukha.
Guardians of the Benighted
Authors: Werth Paul W. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Created in December 1837, the Ministry of State Properties played a crucial role in agrarian reform and peasant affairs in Russia for decades thereafter. Armed with a reformist ethos and headed for two decades by Pavel Kiselev, the ministry sought to reorder the lives of state peasants—Russia’s principal non-serf population—by promoting new crops such as the potato, establishing communal grain reserves, and building schools. These and other initiatives heralded a new degree of state intervention into the lives of Russia’s rural population and defined key parameters of Russia’s subsequent efforts to solve its ‘peasant question’. The ministry thus occupies a critical place in Russia’s agrarian history.
Introduction
Authors: Huggins Robert , Thompson Piers 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This chapter introduces the book and the fact that it is motivated by a belief that theories of economic development can move beyond the generally known factors and mechanisms of such development, with the aim being to analyse deeper and more fundamental causes of uneven development. In particular, influences such as innovation, entrepreneurship, knowledge, and human capital are widely acknowledged as key levers of development. However, what are the sources of these factors, and why do they differ in their endowment across places? This chapter indicates that the book seeks to theoretically argue and to empirically illustrate that differences in human behaviour across cities and regions are a significant deep-rooted cause of uneven development. Fusing a range of concepts relating to culture, psychology, human agency, institutions, and power, it proposes that the uneven economic development and evolution of cities and regions within and across nations are strongly connected with the underlying forms of behaviour enacted by humans both individually and collectively.
The Nature and Sources of Agency
Authors: Huggins Robert , Thompson Piers 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This chapter argues that constructs such as self-efficacy and innovativeness are closely associated with agency. This refers to the ability of individuals to make changes to their environment, and the chapter discusses that this is not just related to an individual’s own abilities and skills but is also constrained by their power relations. It is argued that agency can be captured both in terms of the ability to intentionally take actions to cause change or prevent change, or the actual actions themselves. Therefore, it may be best to think of the former as human agency potential (HAP) and the latter as manifestations of human agency, or human agency actualization (HAA), and this chapter considers measures of both. The chapter seeks to establish the links from community culture and personality via values and norms to human agency. It expands on notions relating to HAP and HAA, and empirically develops measures of HAP.
Poets and Lawmakers
Authors: Ziogas Ioannis 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This chapter argues that Ovid’s didactic elegy (Ars amatoria) should be studied in the tradition of the genre’s founding father, Hesiod. The relationship between law and didacticism is encoded already in Hesiod’s Works and Days and continues thereafter in Greek elegy (Theognis and Solon). Ovid is part of this tradition. The courtroom setting, to which Ovid has repeated recourse, reproduces the trial setting of the Works and Days. Not unlike Hesiod, Ovid aims at an out-of-court settlement in contrast with the litigiousness of corrupt lords. Hesiod and Solon cast themselves as champions of justice in a world dominated by unjust rulers. Subtly but clearly, this is how Ovid envisages the relationship between his poetry and the laws of Augustus. The Roman poet aligns himself with the old and authoritative voices of legendary bards and lawgivers in competition with powerful leaders who attempt to control the juridical order.
Authors of Law and Life
Authors: Ziogas Ioannis 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This chapter examines the biopolitical force of Augustan legislation vis-à-vis Ovid’s love poetry. Ovid, the ‘father of poems’, pits himself against the prince, the ‘Father of the Fatherland’ (pater patriae). Poet and emperor are involved in the production of normative discourse (legal or literary) that aims at generating biological or conceptual offspring. Their roles are both parallel and antithetical. Augustus’ laws aim to increase the population, while the elegiac legislator sees pregnancy as undermining attractiveness. Yet both poet and prince cast themselves as auctores, a word that can refer to a proposer of law, an author of poems, and a father. As auctores, Ovid and Augustus aspire to create a zone of indistinction between the biological and the political, between law and life. The capacity of Ovid’s art to become life parallels and contrasts with the power of Augustus’ laws to become flesh.
Music Language Dwelling
Authors: Johnson Julian 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This chapter takes seriously the idea that music does not just address some of the broad currents of modernity but also offers ways beyond some of its aporias. Its argument is that music reconfigures the relation between our sensible being in the world and ways of being structured by certain kinds of language use. This musical reconfiguring, it is proposed, can be experienced as a kind of re-enchantment that brings with it a renewed sense of dwelling, or of being-at-home in the world. The chapter is in three sections: section I reviews the powerful claims made for the value of music around 1800 in relation to language and examines the potential of such claims in respect to the idea of freedom; section II explores the particularity of two musical works, comparing the relation of music and language in Haydn’s oratorio The Creation (1798) and Schumann’s song ‘Mondnacht’, from his Eichendorff Lieder, Op. 39 (1840); section III explores the idea that ‘music as dwelling’ helps us to understand both the significance of the historical moment around 1800 and its renewed importance for a contemporary understanding of the idea of freedom.
The Witness of Praise—The Hope of Dwelling
Authors: Wirzba Norman 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Praise has long been identified as a linguistic and musical form that is a response to the goodness and beauty of creaturely life. More generally, it reflects forms of life that seek to participate in God’s creative, nurturing, and reconciling ways with the world. In Western modernity, however, praise is rendered difficult and more tenuous because people find it hard to perceive and engage with the world as God’s creative realm. It is, instead, reduced to a brute material realm devoid of purpose or sanctity. The muting of praise is reflected in modern musical forms, but also in changes in the built environment. After describing the logic of praise, this essay argues that the action of praising God is much more than a personal, pious gesture. It is also a primary and practical way of being that communicates a desire to dwell in the world in ways that honour creatures and their creator. Understood this way, praise mobilizes worship and world-making at the same time.
The Word Refreshed
Authors: Begbie Jeremy 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This chapter takes its cue from the vision of music adumbrated by the previous three essayists: in which music is seen as depending on a ‘faith in an order of things that exceeds the logic of statement and counterstatement’, arising from an embodied dwelling in the world which is pre-conceptual, pre-theoretical. As such, music has the capacity to free us from the kind of alienating relation to our physical environment that an over-dependence on instrumental language brings, and free us for a more fruitful indwelling of it that has been largely lost to modernity. This resonates with broadly biblical-theological view of humanity’s intended relation to the cosmos, as exemplified in the concept of New Creation in Christ. This essay returns to language, considered in this light: how can music, and thinking about music, enrich language? Specifically, how might music facilitate a deeper understanding of the way ‘God-talk’ operates? It is argued that music can offer a powerful witness to the impossibility (and danger) of imagining we can grasp or circumscribe the divine (the antithesis of human freedom). More positively, it can greatly enrich our use (and understanding) of existing theological language, and generate fresh language that enables a more faithful perception of, and participation in the realities it engages.
The Structural Context for Billionaires
Authors: Hägel Peter 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Chapter 3 describes how, over the past decades, structural changes within the material, ideational, and institutional realms have expanded the opportunities for individuals to become extremely rich and to engage in politics. At the material level, post-1950, globalization has amplified the benefits of those who succeed in “winner-take-all” markets, which is further supported by the peacefulness that developed countries have enjoyed after the Second World War. Neoliberalism is the ideology behind globalizing markets, privatization, and deregulation, and its celebration of entrepreneurship is turning the self-made billionaire into a normative role model. At the institutional level, states have been highly involved in facilitating economic globalization, reducing many barriers that curbed business before. The shift from the welfare to the competition state, which includes the liberalization of trade, the protection of foreign investments, and tax havens, favors capital. Oftentimes, it will be argued, the same structural transformations that promote opportunities for individual wealth accumulation also provide openings in world politics for individuals to exercise power, as private authority has gained legitimacy within global governance.
Reinventing International Health in East Central Europe
Authors: Silverstein Sara 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A network of east central European health experts involved in the state-building of their post-imperial region were responsible for the methods and objectives of the League of Nations Health Organization. Their programmes challenged both western influence in public health and the great powers’ dominance within interwar internationalism. The health services of east central Europe did not evolve in national isolation, and their principles of mutual assistance became the basis for the League Health Organization to redefine human security and to support early international development projects.
Nation, Internationalism, and the Policies against Trafficking in Girls and Women after the Fall of the Habsburg Empire
Authors: Steer Martina 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Interwar Poland inherited the problem of prostitution and human trafficking from its three predecessor states, above all from the Habsburg Monarchy. It soon came into the focus of interest of the League of Nations’ anti-trafficking agencies. Exploring the interaction between the recently acquired national sovereignty of post-Habsburg Poland and the new world order with the League of Nations as its pivotal force is tantamount to understanding how a nation state tried to tackle a transnational problem such as ‘white slavery’, as well as how it struggled with commitments resulting from its new position as a sovereign actor in interwar international politics. This chapter investigates governmental and non-governmental activities against prostitution and human trafficking in Poland, along with the government’s stance on the League’s recommendations. Whereas prewar international Jewish activities to save women from prostitution came to an end, domestic institutions seized opportunities provided by a democratic state and took their place.
The Decline of Serfdom and the Origins of the ‘Little Divergence’
Authors: Bailey Mark 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This chapter explores the main social and economic consequences of plague between the 1340s and the 1390s. In 1400 England was still not at the forefront of European economic development, but it was beginning to close the gap on the leaders. GDP per head, the proportion of people in non-agricultural employment, and the livestock share of agriculture had all increased irreversibly. Dependence upon the market for basic commodities and manufactures had increased, and population and taxable wealth were spread more equitably across the country, reducing the economic divide between the south-east and the rest of the country. Recent arguments that the European Marriage Pattern (EMP)—one of the main institutional characteristics of the Little Divergence—was established in England soon after the Black Death are assessed on the basis of the economic and demographic evidence. Serfdom had declined quickly and significantly, and the implications of the English experience for our understanding of the decline of European serfdom are explored. The main institutional changes in factor markets in general, and the spread of contractual arrangements in particular, are considered. By 1400 the main changes had worked their way through the economy, and further significant developments did not occur until population began to rise again in the sixteenth century.
Institutional Investor Voting Behaviour
Authors: Enriques Luca , Romano Alessandro 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This chapter shows how network theory can improve our understanding of institutional investors’ voting behaviour and, more generally, their role in corporate governance. The standard idea is that institutional investors compete against each other on relative performance and hence might not cast informed votes, due to rational apathy and rational reticence. In other words, institutional investors have incentives to free-ride instead of ‘cooperating’ and casting informed votes. We show that connections of various kinds among institutional investors, whether from formal networks, geographical proximity, or common ownership, and among institutional investors and other agents, such as proxy advisors, contribute to shaping institutional investors’ incentives to vote ‘actively’. They also create intricate competition dynamics: competition takes place not only among institutional investors (and their asset managers) but also at the level of their employees and among ‘cliques’ of institutional investors. Employees, who strive for better jobs, are motivated to obtain more information on portfolio companies than may be strictly justified from their employer institution’s perspective, and to circulate it within their network. Cliques of institutional investors compete against each other. Because there are good reasons to believe that cliques of cooperators outperform cliques of non-cooperators, the network-level competition might increase the incentives of institutional investors to collect information. These dynamics can enhance institutional investors’ engagement in portfolio companies and also shed light on some current policy issues such as the antitrust effects of common ownership and mandatory disclosures of institutional investors’ voting.