bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oncogenic transcriptomic profile is sustained in the liver after the eradication of the hepatitis C virus
Authors: Takeda Haruhiko , Takai Atsushi , Iguchi Eriko , Mishima Masako , Arasawa Soichi , Kumagai Ken , Eso Yuji , Shimizu Takahiro , Takahashi Ken , Ueda Yoshihide , Taura Kojiro , Hatano Etsuro , Iijima Hiroko , Aoyagi Haruyo , Aizaki Hideki , Marusawa Hiroyuki , Wakita Takaji , Seno Hiroshi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) developing after hepatitis C virus (HCV) eradication is a serious clinical concern. However, molecular basis for the hepatocarcinogenesis after sustained virologic response (SVR) remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to unveil the transcriptomic profile of post-SVR liver tissues and explore the molecules associated with post-SVR carcinogenesis. We analysed 90 RNA sequencing datasets, consisting of non-cancerous liver tissues including 20 post-SVR, 40 HCV-positive and 7 normal livers, along with Huh7 cell line specimens before and after HCV infection and eradication. Comparative analysis demonstrated that cell cycle- and mitochondrial function-associated pathways were altered only in HCV-positive non-cancerous liver tissues, whereas some cancer-related pathways were up-regulated in the non-cancerous liver tissues of both post-SVR and HCV-positive cases. The persistent up-regulation of carcinogenesis-associated gene clusters after viral clearance was reconfirmed through in vitro experiments, of which, CYR61, associated with liver fibrosis and carcinogenesis in several cancer types, was the top enriched gene and co-expressed with cell proliferation-associated gene modules. To evaluate whether this molecule could be a predictor of hepatocarcinogenesis after cure of HCV infection, we also examined 127 sera from independent HCV-positive cohorts treated with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), including 60 post-SVR-HCC patients, and found that the elevated serum Cyr61 was significantly associated with early carcinogenesis after receiving DAA therapy. In conclusion, some oncogenic transcriptomic profiles are sustained in liver tissues after HCV eradication, which might be a molecular basis for the liver cancer development even after viral clearance. Among them, up-regulated CYR61 could be a possible biomarker for post-SVR-HCC.
A Commonsian approach to crime: the Mafia and the economic power to withhold
Authors: Champeyrache Clotilde 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper is a plea for an institutionalist approach to crime. The argument is based on the Italian Mafia’s infiltration of legitimate businesses. The focus is on the power dimension of this infiltration. I begin by emphasising how the traditional branch of crime economics is unable to correctly address this issue. I then use the tools provided by Commons, especially his definition of property and the capacity to withhold and his distinction between will-in-vacuo and will-in-action. Access to property rights over productive entities for Mafiosi provides a perfect illustration of how the capacity to hold rights turns into a power to withhold them from others. Legal Mafia-owned enterprises should not be seen as a step toward normalisation of the Mafia, but rather as a mark of the extension of their criminal power.
A meta-analysis of the capitalisation of CAP direct payments into land prices
Authors: Varacca Alessandro , Guastella Giovanni , Pareglio Stefano , Sckokai Paolo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe impact of the European Union common agricultural policy direct payments on land prices has received substantial attention in recent years, leading to heterogeneous evidence of capitalisation for both coupled and decoupled payments. In this paper, we provide an extensive review of the empirical works addressing this issue econometrically and compare their results through a Bayesian meta-regression model, focussing on the impact of decoupling and its implementation schemes. We find that the introduction of decoupled payments increased the capitalisation rate, although the extent of this increment hinges on the implementation scheme adopted by the member state.
Benzodiazepine deprescription strategies in chronic users: a systematic review
Authors: Ribeiro Péricles Ricardo de Souza , Schlindwein Aline Daiane 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundAs long-term use of benzodiazepines increases, adverse effects also become more frequent, especially in elderly adults. Due the potential of causing dependence, poor patient adherence and a lack of awareness of side effects, deprescription is challenging.ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify what are the effective approaches to motivate and promote deprescription of benzodiazepines.MethodsWe used MeSH terms to search in five databases that were MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, LILACS, SCIELO and Science Direct. Then, we selected articles accordingly to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Risk of bias assessment for randomized controlled trials and prospective interventional studies was made using RoB 2.0 and ROBINS-I tools, respectively. For cohort studies, we used the clarity group by McMaster University tool.ResultsDatabase search retrieved 412 results, and 11 studies were selected for analysis. Interventions focusing on patient education to improve community awareness about deprescription presented better discontinuation rates and more potential on motivating discussions about deprescribing with physicians. Interventions based on counselling by different health professionals were not well evaluated as they presented four of six studies as high, serious or critical risk of bias.ConclusionsAlthough the comparison of different strategies was impaired by the high risk of bias in some studies, patient education focused interventions presented good results. Future studies should consider doing a follow-up of 6 months or longer with evaluation of withdrawal symptoms and sleep patterns, inclusion of young adults on the sample and some form of cognitive evaluation that might influence the results of the intervention.
Effects of different management options of Norway spruce on radiative forcing through changes in carbon stocks and albedo
Authors: Kellomäki Seppo , Väisänen Hannu , Kirschbaum Miko U F , Kirsikka-Aho Sara , Peltola Heli 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst. (L.)) in the boreal zone can be managed as even-aged or uneven-aged stands, or be grown with no management at all. Here, we investigated how these management options affect carbon dynamics, particularly the carbon stocks in the forest ecosystem (trees and soil), and albedo, and their combined effect on radiative forcing compared to a reference case, clear-cut site before planting seedlings. This allowed us to assess the potential of different management regimes to mitigate global warming. We ran long-term simulations under the current climate on a sub-mesic site in central Finland (62oN) using an eco-physiological forest-ecosystem model. Compared to even-aged management, no management (old-growth forest) increased ecosystem carbon stocks by 47 per cent and decreased albedo by 15 per cent, whereas uneven-aged management reduced ecosystem carbon stocks by 16 per cent and increased albedo by 10 per cent. Only the no management option resulted in a significant net cooling effect whereas for even-aged and uneven-aged management, the opposing effects of changes in albedo and carbon stocks largely cancelled each other with little remaining net effect. On the other hand, the latter one even made a small net warming contribution. Overall, maintaining higher ecosystem carbon stocks implied the larger cooling benefits. This was evident even though lower albedo enhanced radiation absorption, and thus warming. Increasing use of the no management option by forest owners may require proper incentives such as compensation for lost harvest incomes.
Moho density contrast in Antarctica determined by satellite gravity and seismic models
Authors: Abrehdary M , Sjöberg L E 
Published: February 2021

SUMMARY
As recovering the crust–mantle/Moho density contrast (MDC) significantly depends on the properties of the Earth's crust and upper mantle, varying from place to place, it is an oversimplification to define a constant standard value for it. It is especially challenging in Antarctica, where almost all the bedrock is covered with a thick layer of ice, and seismic data cannot provide a sufficient spatial resolution for geological and geophysical applications. As an alternative, we determine the MDC in Antarctica and its surrounding seas with a resolution of 1° × 1° by the Vening Meinesz-Moritz gravimetric-isostatic technique using the XGM2019e Earth Gravitational Model and Earth2014 topographic/bathymetric information along with CRUST1.0 and CRUST19 seismic crustal models. The numerical results show that our model, named HVMDC20, varies from 81 kg m−3 in the Pacific Antarctic mid-oceanic ridge to 579 kg m−3 in the Gamburtsev Mountain Range in the central continent with a general average of 403 kg m−3. To assess our computations, we compare our estimates with those of some other gravimetric as well as seismic models (KTH11, GEMMA12C, KTH15C and CRUST1.0), illustrating that our estimates agree fairly well with KTH15C and CRUST1.0 but rather poor with the other models. In addition, we compare the geological signatures with HVMDC20, showing how the main geological structures contribute to the MDC. Finally, we study the remaining glacial isostatic adjustment effect on gravity to figure out how much it affects the MDC recovery, yielding a correlation of the optimum spectral window (7≤ n ≤12) between XGM2019e and W12a GIA models of the order of ∼0.6 contributing within a negligible $ \pm 14$ kg m−3 to the MDC.
Phone-based monitoring to evaluate health policy and program implementation in Kenya
Authors: Ashigbie Paul G , Rockers Peter C , Laing Richard O , Cabral Howard J , Onyango Monica A , Mboya John , Arends Daniella , Wirtz Veronika J 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Monitoring and evaluating policies and programs in low- and middle-income countries are often difficult because of the lack of routine data. High mobile phone ownership in these countries presents an opportunity for efficient data collection through telephone interviews. This study examined the feasibility of collecting data on medicines through telephone interviews in Kenya. Data on the availability and prices of medicines at 137 health facilities and 639 patients were collected in September 2016 via in-person interviews. Between December 2016 and December 2017, monthly telephone interviews were conducted with health facilities and patients. An unannounced in-person interview was conducted with respondents to validate the telephone interview within 24 h. A bottom-up itemization costing approach was used to estimate the costs of telephone and in-person data collection. In-depth interviews were conducted with data collectors and respondents to explore their perceptions on both modes of data collection. The level of agreement between data on medicines availability collected through phone and in-person interviews was strong at the health facility level [kappa = 0.90; confidence interval (CI) 0.88–0.92] and moderate at the household level (kappa = 0.50, CI 0.39–0.60). Price data from telephone and in-person interviews showed strong intra-class correlation at health facilities [intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.96] and moderate intra-class correlation at households (ICC = 0.47). The cost per phone interview at health facilities and households were $19.73 and $16.86, respectively, compared to $186.20 for a baseline in-person interview. Participants considered telephone interviews to be more convenient. In countries with high cell phone penetration, telephone data collection should be considered in monitoring and evaluating public health programs especially at health facilities. Additional strategies may be needed to optimize this mode of data collection at the household level. Variations in cell phone ownership, telecommunication network and data collection costs across different settings may limit the generalizability of the findings from this study.
The missing sense of peace: diplomatic approachment and virtualization during the COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Bramsen Isabel , Hagemann Anine 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
With the unprecedented COVID-lockdown in 2020, many peace diplomatic efforts turned virtual. This represented a temporary loss of many of the usual practices of peace diplomacy and provided an opportunity to examine micro-dynamics of both virtual diplomacy and face-to-face meetings. Based on interviews with parties and mediators involved in the Syrian and Yemeni peace processes we analyze the affordances of virtual and physical meetings respectively. We find that virtual meetings condition peace diplomacy by broadening accessibility, putting confidentiality at risk, allowing for higher frequency of meetings, often disrupting interaction, but also in some instances equalizing it. The transition to virtual also meetings demonstrated what is lost in the absence of physicality: bodily presence, spending longer periods of time together, the possibility of reconciliatory interaction and sharing informal space. When this is missing, it hampers conditions for what we call the sense of peace, that is, the visceral potential of meeting physically, which we conceptualize to include a sense of understanding, togetherness and trust. We further propose a wider application of this conception beyond peace diplomacy, in the form of diplomatic approachment. Finally, we suggest strategies in virtual diplomacy and discuss how virtual and physical diplomacy may supplement each other.
Diurnally fluctuatingpCO2 enhances growth of a coastal strain ofEmiliania huxleyiunder future-projected ocean acidification conditions
Authors: Li Futian , Xu Jiekai , Beardall John , Gao Kunshan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe carbonate chemistry in coastal waters is more variable compared with that of open oceans, both in magnitude and time scale of its fluctuations. However, knowledge of the responses of coastal phytoplankton to dynamic changes in pH/pCO2 has been scarcely documented. Hence, we investigated the physiological performance of a coastal isolate of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi (PML B92/11) under fluctuating and stable pCO2 regimes (steady ambient pCO2, 400 μatm; steady elevated pCO2, 1200 μatm; diurnally fluctuating elevated pCO2, 600–1800 μatm). Elevated pCO2 inhibited the calcification rate in both the steady and fluctuating regimes. However, higher specific growth rates and lower ratios of calcification to photosynthesis were detected in the cells grown under diurnally fluctuating elevated pCO2 conditions. The fluctuating pCO2 regime alleviated the negative effects of elevated pCO2 on effective photochemical quantum yield and relative photosynthetic electron transport rate compared with the steady elevated pCO2 treatment. Our results suggest that growth of E. huxleyi could benefit from diel fluctuations of pH/pCO2 under future-projected ocean acidification, but its calcification was reduced by the fluctuation and the increased concentration of CO2, reflecting a necessity to consider the influences of dynamic pH fluctuations on coastal carbon cycles associated with ocean global changes.
An unusual bulla in azygoesophageal recess in a patient with secondary spontaneous pneumothorax
Authors: Ito Shinya , Takahashi Koji , Yoshimura Takashi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We report a case of secondary spontaneous pneumothorax in which the causative bulla was successfully managed by thoracoscopic surgery. A 64-year-old male was admitted presenting with a right pneumothorax. Chest computed tomography revealed a bulla located in the azygoesophageal recess. Thoracoscopic surgery confirmed an unusual bulla extending along the thoracic spine with a fistula at the tip. We describe the intriguing features of this unique bulla and speculate on its aetiology for the first time.
Report of an interactive three-dimensional anatomical model to be used as an intraoperative aid in lung anatomical resections for non-small lung cancer
Authors: Sandri Alberto , Gagliasso Matteo , Veltri Andrea , Leo Francesco 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The possibility of using three-dimensional reconstructions as an intraoperative aid to thoracic surgeons has not yet been fully explored. With this in mind, we developed a technology based on a three-dimensional virtual model of lungs obtained from lung computed tomography scans, the Hyper-Accuracy Three-Dimensional reconstruction (HA3D™), which aids the surgeon during surgery. We tested this technology while performing a uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery right upper lobectomy for lung cancer.
Longitudinal thermocapillary slip about a dilute periodic mattress of protruding bubbles
Authors: Yariv Ehud , Kirk Toby L 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A common realization of superhydrophobic surfaces comprises of a periodic array of cylindrical bubbles which are trapped in a periodically grooved solid substrate. We consider the thermocapillary animation of liquid motion by a macroscopic temperature gradient which is longitudinally applied over such a bubble mattress. Assuming a linear variation of the interfacial tension with the temperature, at slope $\sigma _T$, we seek the effective velocity slip attained by the liquid at large distances away from the mattress. We focus upon the dilute limit, where the groove width $2c$ is small compared with the array period $2l$. The requisite velocity slip in the applied-gradient direction, determined by a local analysis about a single bubble, is provided by the approximation $$\begin{align*}& \pi \frac{G\sigma_T c^2}{\mu l} I(\alpha), \end{align*}$$wherein $G$ is the applied-gradient magnitude, $\mu $ is the liquid viscosity and $I(\alpha )$, a non-monotonic function of the protrusion angle $\alpha $, is provided by the quadrature, $$\begin{align*}& I(\alpha) = \frac{2}{\sin\alpha} \int_0^\infty\frac{\sinh s\alpha}{ \cosh s(\pi-\alpha) \sinh s \pi} \, \textrm{d} s. \end{align*}$$
On the rate of convergence of the Gaver–Stehfest algorithm
Authors: Kuznetsov Alexey , Miles Justin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Gaver–Stehfest algorithm is widely used for numerical inversion of the Laplace transform. In this paper we provide the first rigorous study of the rate of convergence of the Gaver–Stehfest algorithm. We prove that Gaver–Stehfest approximations converge exponentially fast if the target function is analytic in a neighbourhood of a point and they converge at a rate $o(n^{-k})$ if the target function is $(2k+3)$-times differentiable at a point.
Semiclassical Limits of Distorted Plane Waves in Chaotic Scattering Without a Pressure Condition
Authors: Ingremeau Maxime 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we study the semiclassical behavior of distorted plane waves, on manifolds that are Euclidean near infinity or hyperbolic near infinity, and of non-positive curvature. Assuming that there is a strip without resonances below the real axis, we show that distorted plane waves are bounded in $L^2_{loc}$ independently of $h$ and that they admit a unique semiclassical measure and we prove bounds on their $L^p_{loc}$ norms.
Pneumococcal Meningitis Outbreaks in Africa, 2000–2018: Systematic Literature Review and Meningitis Surveillance Database Analyses
Authors: Franklin Kat , Kwambana-Adams Brenda , Lessa Fernanda C , Soeters Heidi M , Cooper Laura , Coldiron Matthew E , Mwenda Jason , Antonio Martin , Nakamura Tomoka , Novak Ryan , Cohen Adam L 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
The meningitis belt of sub-Saharan Africa has traditionally experienced large outbreaks of meningitis mainly caused by Neisseria meningitidis. More recently, Streptococcus pneumoniae has been recognized as a cause of meningitis outbreaks in the region. Little is known about the natural history and epidemiology of these outbreaks, and, in contrast to meningococcal meningitis, there is no agreed definition for a pneumococcal meningitis epidemic. The aim of this analysis was to systematically review and understand pneumococcal meningitis outbreaks in Africa between 2000 and 2018.

Methods
Meningitis outbreaks were identified using a systematic literature review and analyses of meningitis surveillance databases. Potential outbreaks were included in the final analysis if they reported at least 10 laboratory-confirmed meningitis cases above baseline per week with ≥50% of cases confirmed as pneumococcus.

Results
A total of 10 potential pneumococcal meningitis outbreaks were identified in Africa between 2000 and 2018. Of these, 2 were classified as confirmed, 7 were classified as possible, and 1 was classified as unlikely. Three outbreaks spanned more than 1 year. In general, the outbreaks demonstrated lower peak attack rates than meningococcal meningitis outbreaks and had a predominance of serotype 1. Patients with pneumococcal meningitis tended to be older and had higher case fatality rates than meningococcal meningitis cases. An outbreak definition, which includes a weekly district-level incidence of at least 10 suspected cases per 100 000 population per week, with &gt;10 cumulative confirmed cases of pneumococcus per year, would have identified all 10 potential outbreaks.

Conclusions
Given the frequency of and high case fatality from pneumococcal meningitis outbreaks, public health recommendations on vaccination strategies and the management of outbreaks are needed. Improved laboratory testing for S. pneumoniae is critical for early outbreak identification.
Relative Yield Loss From Stem Borers (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and Rice Water Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Rice
Authors: Wilson B E , Villegas J M , Stout M J , Landry K J 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel, is the most important economic pest of rice in the United States with the ability to substantially reduce rice yields. Stem borers, including the Mexican rice borer, Eoreuma loftini (Dyar), are emerging as more consistent pests in Louisiana and Texas, but the relationship between blanked panicles (whiteheads) caused by stem borer feeding and yield loss is not well understood. A series of field trials was conducted in Louisiana from 2019 to 2020 to determine the relative yield loss by manipulating infestations of both pests with selective insecticides. Results indicate losses from L. oryzophilus infestations are greater than those for E. loftini in early planted rice. In contrast, relative yield losses were approximately equal in later planted rice in 2019, in which E. loftini infestations were high. Additive impacts of the root-feeding L. oryzophilus and the stem-feeding E. loftini were not observed in our study. Linear regression revealed that each increase of one whitehead per square meter is associated with a 1.7% loss in yield. Results from ratoon rice suggest that protection from L. oryzophilus in the main crop also improves yield in the second crop. Collectively, results demonstrate the continued need for effective L. oryzophilus management programs to prevent economic losses. Conversely, findings suggest that benefits of E. loftini control may be minimal in many instances. Control of E. loftini is most likely to be economical under conditions where high populations are anticipated such as in late-planted fields or regions that previously had high infestations.