bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parent couple conflict and emotional and behavioral problems in youth with autism: Longitudinal investigation of bidirectional effects
Authors: Piro-Gambetti Brianna , Rodriguez Geovanna , Papp Lauren M. , Greenlee Jessica L. , Hartley Sigan L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFamilies of youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are vulnerable to maladaptive psychosocial experiences, including elevated youth emotional and behavioral problems (EBPs) and poor parent couple relationship outcomes. Yet, the extent to which these family psychosocial experiences are intertwined has been given little research attention. The present study longitudinally investigated the bidirectional associations between parent couple conflict (PCC) and youth EBPs in 188 families of children and adolescents with ASD (initially aged 5 to 12 years) across four time points (T1, T2, T3, T4), each spaced 12 months apart. Mother- and father-report of youth EBPs and PCC were entered into a cross-lagged panel model. After adjusting for youth age and intellectual disability status and parent education and couple relationship length, the results indicated that father-report of PCC predicted increased youth EBPs 12 months later (T1→T2 and T2→T3). In addition, father-report of youth EBPs predicted increased PCC 12 months later (T3→T4). Mother-report did not demonstrate cross-lagged effects. The findings suggest that fathers’ perceptions of PCC and youth emotional and behavioral functioning are transactionally related, highlighting the need for family-wide interventions.
Evaluation of taxonomic and neural embedding methods for calculating semantic similarity
Authors: Yang Dongqiang , Yin Yanqin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractModelling semantic similarity plays a fundamental role in lexical semantic applications. A natural way of calculating semantic similarity is to access handcrafted semantic networks, but similarity prediction can also be anticipated in a distributional vector space. Similarity calculation continues to be a challenging task, even with the latest breakthroughs in deep neural language models. We first examined popular methodologies in measuring taxonomic similarity, including edge-counting that solely employs semantic relations in a taxonomy, as well as the complex methods that estimate concept specificity. We further extrapolated three weighting factors in modelling taxonomic similarity. To study the distinct mechanisms between taxonomic and distributional similarity measures, we ran head-to-head comparisons of each measure with human similarity judgements from the perspectives of word frequency, polysemy degree and similarity intensity. Our findings suggest that without fine-tuning the uniform distance, taxonomic similarity measures can depend on the shortest path length as a prime factor to predict semantic similarity; in contrast to distributional semantics, edge-counting is free from sense distribution bias in use and can measure word similarity both literally and metaphorically; the synergy of retrofitting neural embeddings with concept relations in similarity prediction may indicate a new trend to leverage knowledge bases on transfer learning. It appears that a large gap still exists on computing semantic similarity among different ranges of word frequency, polysemous degree and similarity intensity.
Reexamining the Decadal Variation in the ENSO‐East Asian Winter Monsoon Relationship
Authors: Shi Jian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlthough numerous studies have paid attention to the unstable relationship between the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM), significant discrepancies have existed, especially regarding the modulation of the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) and Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO). Here, we reexamine this issue by applying a new method that considers the changing relationship between ENSO and the spatial variations of the EAWM rather than a given EAWM index. We suggest a complicated spatial‐temporal variation in the ENSO‐EAWM relationship (EER), which consists of two major modes regulated by the PDO and AMO in distinct ways. In other words, the PDO and AMO modulate two different aspects of the decadal EER, which helps to clarify the disagreements among previous studies that are generally based on specific and regional EWAM indices.
Understanding the Cold Season Arctic Surface Warming Trend in Recent Decades
Authors: Zhang Rudong , Wang Hailong , Fu Qiang , Rasch Philip J. , Wu Mingxuan , Maslowski Wieslaw 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhether sea‐ice loss or lapse‐rate feedback dominates the Arctic amplification (AA) remains an open question. Analysis of data sets based upon observations reveals a 1.11 K per decade surface warming trend in the Arctic (70°–90°N) during 1979–2020 cold season (October–February) that is five times higher than the corresponding global mean. Based on surface energy budget analysis, we show that the largest contribution (∼82%) to this cold season warming trend is attributed to changes in clear‐sky downward longwave radiation. In contrast to that in Arctic summer and over tropics, a reduction in lower‐tropospheric inversions plays a unique role in explaining the reduction of the downward longwave radiation associated with atmospheric nonuniform temperature and corresponding moisture changes. Our analyses also suggest that Arctic lower‐tropospheric stability should be considered in conjunction with sea‐ice decline during the preceding warm season to explain AA.
An Examination of Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere Influences During a SAPS Event
Authors: Kunduri B. S. R. , Baker J. B. H. , Ruohoniemi J. M. , Coster A. J. , Vines S. K. , Anderson B. J. , Shepherd S. G. , Chartier A. T. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe sub‐auroral polarization stream (SAPS) is a region of westward high velocity plasma convection equatorward of the auroral oval that plays an important role in mid‐latitude space weather dynamics. In this study, we present observations of SAPS flows extending across the North American sector observed during the recovery phase of a minor geomagnetic storm. A resurgence in substorm activity drove a new set of field‐aligned currents (FACs) into the ionosphere, initiating the SAPS. An upward FAC system is the most prominent feature spreading across most SAPS local times, except near dusk, where a downward current system is pronounced. The location of SAPS flows remained relatively constant, firmly inside the trough, independent of the variability in the location and intensity of the FACs. The SAPS flows were sustained even after the FACs weakened and retreated polewards with a decline in geomagnetic activity. The observations indicate that the mid‐latitude trough plays a crucial role in determining the location of the SAPS and that SAPS flows can be sustained even after the magnetospheric driver has weakened.
Impacts of Diverse El Niño Events on North Tropical Atlantic Warming in Their Decaying Springs
Authors: Guo Weihao , Zhang Rongwang , Wang Xin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated that North Tropical Atlantic (NTA) warming can be modulated by El Niño events through atmospheric teleconnections. Considering the diversity of El Niño events, this study focuses on different responses of the NTA sea surface temperature (SST) to eastern Pacific (EP), central Pacific type I and type II (CP‐I and CP‐II) El Niño events in their decaying springs. In EP and CP‐II El Niño events, the pattern of NTA warming is well established, while the NTA SST fails to warm in CP‐I El Niño events. In EP and CP‐II El Niño events, anomalous cyclones can be excited in the subtropical Atlantic. Consequently, anomalous southwesterly winds in the NTA weaken the background northeasterly winds and suppress oceanic latent heat loss, leading to NTA warming. However, in CP‐I El Niño events, anomalous anticyclones are excited in the subtropical Atlantic and anomalous northeasterly winds in the NTA strengthen the background northeasterly winds, which facilitate oceanic latent heat loss and lead to NTA cooling. The inconsistent remote atmospheric responses of the NTA are attributed to the different patterns of warm and/or cold SST anomalies in the tropical Pacific in the decaying springs of different types of El Niño events. The physical mechanism linking the SSTs in the tropical Pacific and the NTA has been verified in a slab ocean model.
Strong Seasonal and Regional Variations in the Evaporation Rate of Liquid Water on Mars
Authors: Temel Orkun , Karatekin Özgür , Mischna Michael A. , Senel Cem Berk , Martínez Germán , Gloesener Elodie , Van Hoolst Tim 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe have investigated the seasonal and regional variations in the evaporation rate of both pure liquid water and liquid brine solutions on the surface of Mars. Our evaporation rate estimates are performed using a novel parameterization method taking into account the effects of concentration difference, between the evaporating liquid water solution and the atmosphere, in addition to the effects of near‐surface winds. The method is based on atmospheric surface‐layer calculations obtained from a global circulation model. We show that near‐surface winds strongly enhance strong seasonal variability in the evaporation rate of liquid solutions on Mars. The evaporation rate of a liquid brine solution can vary seasonally up to a factor of 3 and changes by two orders of magnitude depending on the surface elevation and properties of the terrain.
New Structural Percolation Transition in Fractional Wet 3D‐Porous Media: A Comparative μ‐CT Study
Authors: Geistlinger Helmut , Zulfiqar Bilal , Schlueter Steffen , Amro Mohd 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNatural porous media possess spatial heterogeneous (fractional) wettability, which controls the multiphase flow behavior, that is, displacement and trapping. We used mixed hydrophilic (contact angle θ = 0°) and hydrophobic (θ = 100°) 1 mm sands and 1 mm glass beads as model systems for fractional wet porous media. Both porous media have the same morphological characteristics (Minkowski functions). A comparative μ‐CT study of such fractional wet systems is lacking in the literature. A previous study (Geistlinger & Zulfiqar, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019wr026826) showed a percolation transition of the invading fluid from compact to fractal displacement when the wettability changed from imbibition to drainage. This correlates to a transition from no to maximal trapping. For the first time, we observed in fractional wet glass bead packs, a second structural percolation transition with a percolation threshold of approximately 50% hydrophobic glass beads. Below this threshold, the percolating cluster consisted of hydrophilic glass beads, which resulted in compact displacement without any trapping. Above the threshold, the percolating cluster consisted of hydrophobic glass beads, which resulted in fractal displacement with maximal trapping. Trapping occurred only in hydrophobic environments/configurations, that is, when the trapped clusters were surrounded by hydrophobic glass beads. Fractional wet glass beads and sands show an opposite trapping behavior, that is, the trapping efficiency increases for glass beads, whereas it decreases for sands with increasing percentage of hydrophobic grains. Interestingly, the trapping efficiency approaches the same limit value for pure hydrophobic sands and glass beads. This demonstrates that bypass trapping is the dominant trapping mechanism, because it depends strongly on the pore connectivity.
Transient regulatory T-cell targeting triggers immune control of multiple myeloma and prevents disease progression
Authors: Dahlhoff Julia , Manz Hannah , Steinfatt Tim , Delgado-Tascon Julia , Seebacher Elena , Schneider Theresa , Wilnit Amy , Mokhtari Zeinab , Tabares Paula , Böckle David , Rasche Leo , Martin Kortüm K. , Lutz Manfred B. , Einsele Hermann , Brandl Andreas , Beilhack Andreas 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMultiple myeloma remains a largely incurable disease of clonally expanding malignant plasma cells. The bone marrow microenvironment harbors treatment-resistant myeloma cells, which eventually lead to disease relapse in patients. In the bone marrow, CD4+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are highly abundant amongst CD4+ T cells providing an immune protective niche for different long-living cell populations, e.g., hematopoietic stem cells. Here, we addressed the functional role of Tregs in multiple myeloma dissemination to bone marrow compartments and disease progression. To investigate the immune regulation of multiple myeloma, we utilized syngeneic immunocompetent murine multiple myeloma models in two different genetic backgrounds. Analyzing the spatial immune architecture of multiple myeloma revealed that the bone marrow Tregs accumulated in the vicinity of malignant plasma cells and displayed an activated phenotype. In vivo Treg depletion prevented multiple myeloma dissemination in both models. Importantly, short-term in vivo depletion of Tregs in mice with established multiple myeloma evoked a potent CD8 T cell- and NK cell-mediated immune response resulting in complete and stable remission. Conclusively, this preclinical in-vivo study suggests that Tregs are an attractive target for the treatment of multiple myeloma.
Prefrontal connectomics: from anatomy to human imaging
Authors: Haber Suzanne N. , Liu Hesheng , Seidlitz Jakob , Bullmore Ed 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe fundamental importance of prefrontal cortical connectivity to information processing and, therefore, disorders of cognition, emotion, and behavior has been recognized for decades. Anatomic tracing studies in animals have formed the basis for delineating the direct monosynaptic connectivity, from cells of origin, through axon trajectories, to synaptic terminals. Advances in neuroimaging combined with network science have taken the lead in developing complex wiring diagrams or connectomes of the human brain. A key question is how well these magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived networks and hubs reflect the anatomic “hard wiring” first proposed to underlie the distribution of information for large-scale network interactions. In this review, we address this challenge by focusing on what is known about monosynaptic prefrontal cortical connections in non-human primates and how this compares to MRI-derived measurements of network organization in humans. First, we outline the anatomic cortical connections and pathways for each prefrontal cortex (PFC) region. We then review the available MRI-based techniques for indirectly measuring structural and functional connectivity, and introduce graph theoretical methods for analysis of hubs, modules, and topologically integrative features of the connectome. Finally, we bring these two approaches together, using specific examples, to demonstrate how monosynaptic connections, demonstrated by tract-tracing studies, can directly inform understanding of the composition of PFC nodes and hubs, and the edges or pathways that connect PFC to cortical and subcortical areas.
Regulation of a progenitor gene program by SOX4 is essential for mammary tumor proliferation
Authors: Roukens M. Guy , Frederiks Cynthia L. , Seinstra Danielle , Braccioli Luca , Khalil Antoine A. , Pals Cornelieke , De Neck Simon , Bornes Laura , Beerling Evelyne , Mokry Michal , de Bruin Alain , Westendorp Bart , van Rheenen Jacco , Coffer Paul J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn breast cancer the transcription factor SOX4 has been shown to be associated with poor survival, increased tumor size and metastasis formation. This has mostly been attributed to the ability of SOX4 to regulate Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal-Transition (EMT). However, SOX4 regulates target gene transcription in a context-dependent manner that is determined by the cellular and epigenetic state. In this study we have investigated the loss of SOX4 in mammary tumor development utilizing organoids derived from a PyMT genetic mouse model of breast cancer. Using CRISPR/Cas9 to abrogate SOX4 expression, we found that SOX4 is required for inhibiting differentiation by regulating a subset of genes that are highly activated in fetal mammary stem cells (fMaSC). In this way, SOX4 re-activates an oncogenic transcriptional program that is regulated in many progenitor cell-types during embryonic development. SOX4-knockout organoids are characterized by the presence of more differentiated cells that exhibit luminal or basal gene expression patterns, but lower expression of cell cycle genes. In agreement, primary tumor growth and metastatic outgrowth in the lungs are impaired in SOX4KO tumors. Finally, SOX4KO tumors show a severe loss in competitive capacity to grow out compared to SOX4-proficient cells in primary tumors. Our study identifies a novel role for SOX4 in maintaining mammary tumors in an undifferentiated and proliferative state. Therapeutic manipulation of SOX4 function could provide a novel strategy for cancer differentiation therapy, which would promote differentiation and inhibit cycling of tumor cells.
Data-driven magneto-elastic predictions with scalable classical spin-lattice dynamics
Authors: Nikolov Svetoslav , Wood Mitchell A. , Cangi Attila , Maillet Jean-Bernard , Marinica Mihai-Cosmin , Thompson Aidan P. , Desjarlais Michael P. , Tranchida Julien 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA data-driven framework is presented for building magneto-elastic machine-learning interatomic potentials (ML-IAPs) for large-scale spin-lattice dynamics simulations. The magneto-elastic ML-IAPs are constructed by coupling a collective atomic spin model with an ML-IAP. Together they represent a potential energy surface from which the mechanical forces on the atoms and the precession dynamics of the atomic spins are computed. Both the atomic spin model and the ML-IAP are parametrized on data from first-principles calculations. We demonstrate the efficacy of our data-driven framework across magneto-structural phase transitions by generating a magneto-elastic ML-IAP forα-iron. The combined potential energy surface yields excellent agreement with first-principles magneto-elastic calculations and quantitative predictions of diverse materials properties including bulk modulus, magnetization, and specific heat across the ferromagnetic–paramagnetic phase transition.
Exploiting the quantum mechanically derived force field for functional materials simulations
Authors: Odinokov Alexey , Yakubovich Alexander , Son Won-Joon , Jung Yongsik , Choi Hyeonho 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe computational design of functional materials relies heavily on large-scale atomistic simulations. Such simulations are often problematic for conventional classical force fields, which require tedious and time-consuming parameterization of interaction parameters. The problem can be solved using a quantum mechanically derived force field (QMDFF)—a system-specific force field derived directly from the first-principles calculations. We present a computational approach for atomistic simulations of complex molecular systems, which include the treatment of chemical reactions with the empirical valence bond approach. The accuracy of the QMDFF is verified by comparison with the experimental properties of liquid solvents. We illustrate the capabilities of our methodology to simulate functional materials in several case studies: chemical degradation of material in organic light-emitting diode (OLED), polymer chain packing, material morphology of organometallic photoresists. The presented methodology is fast, accurate, and highly automated, which allows its application in diverse areas of materials science.
The “Narratives” fMRI dataset for evaluating models of naturalistic language comprehension
Authors: Nastase Samuel A. , Liu Yun-Fei , Hillman Hanna , Zadbood Asieh , Hasenfratz Liat , Keshavarzian Neggin , Chen Janice , Honey Christopher J. , Yeshurun Yaara , Regev Mor , Nguyen Mai , Chang Claire H. C. , Baldassano Christopher , Lositsky Olga , Simony Erez , Chow Michael A. , Leong Yuan Chang , Brooks Paula P. , Micciche Emily , Choe Gina , Goldstein Ariel , Vanderwal Tamara , Halchenko Yaroslav O. , Norman Kenneth A. , Hasson Uri 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe “Narratives” collection aggregates a variety of functional MRI datasets collected while human subjects listened to naturalistic spoken stories. The current release includes 345 subjects, 891 functional scans, and 27 diverse stories of varying duration totaling ~4.6 hours of unique stimuli (~43,000 words). This data collection is well-suited for naturalistic neuroimaging analysis, and is intended to serve as a benchmark for models of language and narrative comprehension. We provide standardized MRI data accompanied by rich metadata, preprocessed versions of the data ready for immediate use, and the spoken story stimuli with time-stamped phoneme- and word-level transcripts. All code and data are publicly available with full provenance in keeping with current best practices in transparent and reproducible neuroimaging.
Evaluation of the relationship between the 14-3-3ε protein and LvRab11 in the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei during WSSV infection
Authors: Boonyoung Guson , Panrat Tanate , Phongdara Amornrat , Wanna Warapond 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe 14-3-3 proteins interact with a wide variety of cellular proteins for many diverse functions in biological processes. In this study, a yeast two-hybrid assay revealed that two 14-3-3ε isoforms (14-3-3ES and 14-3-3EL) interacted with Rab11 in the white shrimpLitopenaeus vannamei(LvRab11). The interaction of 14-3-3ε and LvRab11 was confirmed by a GST pull-down assay. TheLvRab11open reading frame was 645 bp long, encoding a protein of 214 amino acids. Possible complexes of 14-3-3ε isoforms and LvRab11 were elucidated by in silico analysis, in which LvRab11 showed a better binding energy score with 14-3-3EL than with 14-3-3ES. In shrimp challenged with the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), the mRNA expression levels ofLvRab11and14-3-3εwere significantly upregulated at 48 h after challenge. To determine whether LvRab11 and binding between 14-3-3ε and LvRab11 are active against WSSV infection, an in vivo neutralization assay and RNA interference were performed. The results of in vivo neutralization showed that LvRab11 and complexes of 14-3-3ε/LvRab11 delayed mortality in shrimp challenged with WSSV. Interestingly, in the RNAi experiments, the silencing effect ofLvRab11in WSSV-infected shrimp resulted in decreasedie-1mRNA expression and WSSV copy number. Whereas suppression of complex14-3-3ε/LvRab11increased WSSV replication. This study has suggested two functions of LvRab11 in shrimp innate immunity; (1) at the early stage of WSSV infection, LvRab11 might play an important role in WSSV infection processes and (2) at the late stage of infection, the 14-3-3ε/LvRab11 interaction acquires functions that are involved in immune response against WSSV invasion.