bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of preoperative tour to a simulated anaesthesia induction at operating theatre in reducing preoperative anxiety in children and their parents: a pragmatic, single-blinded, randomised controlled trial/ King Fahad Medical City
Authors: Battah Hussein , AlZoraigi Usamah , Shubbak Firas 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of a preoperative tour to a simulated anaesthesia induction at operating theatre on reducing children’s and parents’ preoperative anxiety.DesignA pragmatic, single-centre, assessor-blinded, randomised controlled trial.SettingIn preoperative anaesthesia clinic and the operating room at a tertiary care centre in Saudi Arabia.ParticipantsOne hundred and sixteen children–parents dyads (pairs) (n=57) intervention group (IG); (n=59) control group (CG) with children aged 4–14 years who were planned for day case procedures under general anaesthesia.InterventionsParticipants’ dyads were randomly allocated through a computer to receive either a preoperative tour to a real operating theatre and simulate anaesthesia induction or standard of care.Main outcome measureThe primary study outcome was children’s anxiety levels as measured by the modified-Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (m-YPAS), and the parent’s anxiety level as assessed by the Beck Anxiety Inventory Scale. The children’s anxiety levels were measured at two time points, the preoperative holding area (T0) and before the anaesthesia induction (T1), and the parents’ anxiety level was measured after the anaesthesia induction. The secondary outcomes were the prevalence of preoperative anxiety and children’s somatic signs of anxiety including heart rate and systolic blood pressure.ResultsThe Mann-Whitney U test of m-YPAS scores showed significant differences in the children’s anxiety levels between the CG and IG at T0 (Z −5.009); p<0.01) and T1 (Z −6.599); p<0.01). BIAS analysis revealed a significant difference in the parents’ anxiety level between the CG and IG (Z −4.353); p<0.01). The prevalence of children’s anxiety was reported by 55 (93.2%) in the CG compared with 25 (43.9%) in the IG, with a statistically significant difference (p<0.001).ConclusionThe preoperative simulated anaesthesia induction was effective in reducing preoperative anxiety in children and their parents.
Sexism experienced by consultant cardiologists in the United Kingdom
Authors: Jaijee Shareen Kaur , Kamau-Mitchell Caroline , Mikhail Ghada W , Hendry Cara 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesThe aims were to compare the frequency with which male and female cardiologists experience sexism and to explore the types of sexism experienced in cardiology.MethodsA validated questionnaire measuring experiences of sexism and sexual harassment was distributed online to 890 UK consultant cardiologists between March and May 2018. χ2tests and pairwise comparisons with a Bonferroni correction for multiple analyses compared the experiences of male and female cardiologists.Results174 cardiologists completed the survey (24% female; 76% male). The survey showed that 61.9% of female cardiologists have experienced discrimination of any kind, mostly related to gender and parenting, compared with 19.7% of male cardiologists. 35.7% of female cardiologists experienced unwanted sexual comments, attention or advances from a superior or colleague, compared with 6.1% of male cardiologists. Sexual harassment affected the professional confidence of female cardiologists more than it affected the confidence of male cardiologists (42.9% vs 3.0%), including confidence with colleagues (38% vs 10.6%) and patients (23.9% vs 4.6%). 33.3% of female cardiologists felt that sexism hampered opportunities for professional advancement, compared with 2.3% of male cardiologists.ConclusionFemale cardiologists in the UK experience more sexism and sexual harassment than male cardiologists. Sexism impacts the career progression and professional confidence of female cardiologists more, including their confidence when working with patients and colleagues. Future research is urgently needed to test interventions against sexism in cardiology and to protect the welfare of female cardiologists at work.
National movement patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand: the unexplored role of neighbourhood deprivation
Authors: Campbell Malcolm , Marek Lukas , Wiki Jesse , Hobbs Matthew , Sabel Clive E , McCarthy John , Kingham Simon 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has asked unprecedented questions of governments around the world. Policy responses have disrupted usual patterns of movement in society, locally and globally, with resultant impacts on national economies and human well-being. These interventions have primarily centred on enforcing lockdowns and introducing social distancing recommendations, leading to questions of trust and competency around the role of institutions and the administrative apparatus of state. This study demonstrates the unequal societal impacts in population movement during a national ‘lockdown’.MethodsWe use nationwide mobile phone movement data to quantify the effect of an enforced lockdown on population mobility by neighbourhood deprivation using an ecological study design. We then derive a mobility index using anonymised aggregated population counts for each neighbourhood (2253 Census Statistical Areas; mean population n=2086) of national hourly mobile phone location data (7.45 million records, 1 March 2020–20 July 2020) for New Zealand (NZ).ResultsCurtailing movement has highlighted and exacerbated underlying social and spatial inequalities. Our analysis reveals the unequal movements during ‘lockdown’ by neighbourhood socioeconomic status in NZ.ConclusionIn understanding inequalities in neighbourhood movements, we are contributing critical new evidence to the policy debate about the impact(s) and efficacy of national, regional or local lockdowns which have sparked such controversy.
Effects of targeting the transcription factors Ikaros and Aiolos on B cell activation and differentiation in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Rivellese Felice , Manou-Stathopoulou Sotiria , Mauro Daniele , Goldmann Katriona , Pyne Debasish , Rajakariar Ravindra , Gordon Patrick , Schafer Peter , Bombardieri Michele , Pitzalis Costantino , Lewis Myles J 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of targeting Ikaros and Aiolos by cereblon modulator iberdomide on the activation and differentiation of B-cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsCD19+B-cells isolated from the peripheral blood of patients with SLE (n=41) were cultured with TLR7 ligand resiquimod ±IFNα together with iberdomide or control from day 0 (n=16). Additionally, in vitro B-cell differentiation was induced by stimulation with IL-2/IL-10/IL-15/CD40L/resiquimod with iberdomide or control, given at day 0 or at day 4. At day 5, immunoglobulins were measured by ELISA and cells analysed by flow cytometry. RNA-Seq was performed on fluorescence-activated cell-sorted CD27-IgD+naïve-B-cells and CD20lowCD27+CD38+plasmablasts to investigate the transcriptional consequences of iberdomide.ResultsIberdomide significantly inhibited the TLR7 and IFNα-mediated production of immunoglobulins from SLE B-cells and the production of antinuclear antibodies as well as significantly reducing the number of CD27+CD38+plasmablasts (0.3±0.18, vehicle 1.01±0.56, p=0.011) and CD138+plasma cells (0.12±0.06, vehicle 0.28±0.02, p=0.03). Additionally, treatment with iberdomide from day 0 significantly inhibited the differentiation of SLE B-cells into plasmablasts (6.4±13.5 vs vehicle 34.9±20.1, p=0.013) and antibody production. When given at later stages of differentiation, iberdomide did not affect the numbers of plasmablasts or the production of antibodies; however, it induced a significant modulation of gene expression involvingIKZF1andIKZF3transcriptional programmes in both naïve B-cells and plasmablasts (400 and 461 differentially modulated genes, respectively, false discovery rate<0.05).ConclusionThese results demonstrate the relevance of Ikaros and Aiolos as therapeutic targets in SLE due to their ability to modulate B cell activation and differentiation downstream of TLR7.
Sexual behaviours associated with incident high-risk anal human papillomavirus among gay and bisexual men
Authors: Wong Ian K J , Poynten Isobel Mary , Cornall Alyssa , Templeton David J , Molano Monica , Garland Suzanne M , Fairley Christopher K , Law Carmella , Hillman Richard J , Polizzotto Mark N , Grulich Andrew E , Jin Fengyi 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveHigh-risk human papillomavirus (HRHPV) causes anal cancer, which disproportionately affects gay and bisexual men (GBM). We examined sexual behaviours associated with incident anal HRHPV in an observational cohort study of GBM in Sydney, Australia.MethodsGBM aged 35 years and above were enrolled in the Study of the Prevention of Anal Cancer. Detailed information on sexual practices in the last 6 months, including receptive anal intercourse (RAI) and non-intercourse receptive anal practices, was collected. Anal human papillomavirus (HPV) testing was performed at the baseline and three annual follow-up visits. Risk factors for incident HRHPV were determined by Cox regression using the Wei-Lin-Weissfeld method.ResultsBetween 2010 and 2015, 617 men were recruited and 525 who had valid HPV results at baseline and at least one follow-up visit were included in the analysis. The median age was 49 years (IQR 43–56) and 188 (35.8%) were HIV-positive. On univariable analysis, incident anal HRHPV was associated with being HIV-positive (p<0.001), having a higher number of recent RAI partners regardless of condom use (p<0.001 for both), preference for the receptive position during anal intercourse (p=0.014) and other non-intercourse receptive anal sexual practices, including rimming, fingering and receptive use of sex toys (p<0.05 for all). In multivariable analyses, being HIV-positive (HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.85, p=0.009) and reporting condom-protected RAI with a higher number of sexual partners (p<0.001) remained significantly associated with incident HRHPV. When stratified by recent RAI, non-intercourse receptive anal practices were not associated with incident HRHPV in men who reported no recent RAI.ConclusionGBM living with HIV and those who reported RAI were at increased of incident anal HRHPV. Given the substantial risk of anal cancer and the difficulty in mitigating the risk of acquiring anal HRHPV, HPV vaccination should be considered among sexually active older GBM.Trial registration numberANZCTR365383.
Thermodynamics of the $$R_{\mathrm{h}}=ct$$ Universe: a simplification of cosmic entropy
Authors: Melia Fulvio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the standard model of cosmology, the Universe began its expansion with an anomalously low entropy, which then grew dramatically to much larger values consistent with the physical conditions at decoupling, roughly 380,000 years after the Big Bang. There does not appear to be a viable explanation for this ‘unnatural’ history, other than via thegeneralizedsecond law of thermodynamics (GSL), in which the entropy of the bulk,$$S_\mathrm{bulk}$$Sbulk, is combined with the entropy of the apparent (or gravitational) horizon,$$S_{\mathrm{h}}$$Sh. This is not completely satisfactory either, however, since this approach seems to require an inexplicable equilibrium between the bulk and horizon temperatures. In this paper, we explore the thermodynamics of an alternative cosmology known as the$$R_{\mathrm{h}}=ct$$Rh=ctuniverse, which has thus far been highly successful in resolving many other problems or inconsistencies in$$\varLambda $$ΛCDM. We find that$$S_{\mathrm{bulk}}$$Sbulkis constant in this model, eliminating the so-called initial entropy problem simply and elegantly. The GSL may still be relevant, however, principally in selecting the arrow of time, given that$$S_{\mathrm{h}}\propto t^2$$Sh∝t2in this model.
Chapter 7.1 Deception Island
Authors: Geyer A. , Pedrazzi D. , Almendros J. , Berrocoso M. , López-Martínez J. , Maestro A. , Carmona E. , Álvarez-Valero A. M. , de Gil A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Deception Island (South Shetland Islands) is one of the most active volcanoes in Antarctica, with more than 15 explosive eruptive events registered over the past two centuries. Recent eruptions (1967, 1969 and 1970) and volcanic unrest episodes in 1992, 1999 and 2014–15 demonstrate that the occurrence of future volcanic activity is a valid and pressing concern for scientists, logistic personnel and tourists that are visiting or are working on or near the island. Over the last few decades, intense research activity has been carried out on Deception Island to decipher the origin and evolution of this very complex volcano. To that end, a solid integration of related scientific disciplines, such as tectonics, petrology, geochemistry, geophysics, geomorphology, remote sensing, glaciology, is required. A proper understanding of the island's evolution in the past, and its present state, is essential for improving the efficiency in interpreting monitoring data recorded during volcanic unrest periods and, hence, for future eruption forecasting. In this chapter, we briefly present Deception Island's most relevant tectonic, geomorphological, volcanological and magmatic features, as well as the results obtained from decades of monitoring the island's seismic activity and ground deformation.
Overview of Quantum Technologies, Standards, and their Applications in Mobile Devices
Authors: Cornet Brian , Fang Hua , Wang Honggang 
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we summarize the quantum mechanics that define quantum technologies (quantum states, superposition, entanglement, and decoherence), introduce modern quantum technologies and their broader applications (quantum computing, quantum communication, quantum cryptography, quantum internet, and quantum error correction), examine the state quantum technology standards, and discuss how quantum technologies relate to the mobile world.
For decades, methods for quantum technologies have been theorized or proven mathematically. Real implementations of these methods exist in modern devices such as lasers and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners. However, the precise manipulation of quantum particles - the fundamentally probabilistic building blocks of our world - is still in its relative infancy, with technologies that depend on manipulation being usable but limited in either function or adoption.
Distributed Computing Column 81
Authors: Alistarh Dan 
Published: March 2021

Overview. In this edition of the column, we have an exciting contribution from Shir Cohen, Idit Keidar, and Oded Naor (Technion), who provide an in-depth perspective on communication-efficient Byzantine Agreement. With the huge popularity of blockchains, the classic area of Byzantine Agreement has seen a surge of interest, and, given the large-scale and widely-distributed deployments of such mechanisms, communication efficiency is a chief concern.
This column provides a gentle introduction to the area, by rst the early work in the 80s. This provides the necessary context for the recent exciting work on communication reduction, from the King & Saia algorithm to Algorand. One very useful feature in this column's contribution is the fact that it provides a uni ed view of these results, along with the mathematical background to understand and di erentiate the underlying results. Many thanks to Shir, Idit and Oded for their contribution!
Clinical Impact of Presurgery Circulating Tumor DNA after Total Neoadjuvant Treatment in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Biomarker Study from the GEMCAD 1402 Trial
Authors: Vidal Joana , Casadevall David , Bellosillo Beatriz , Pericay Carles , Garcia-Carbonero Rocio , Losa Ferran , Layos Laia , Alonso Vicente , Capdevila Jaume , Gallego Javier , Vera Ruth , Salud Antonieta , Martin-Richard Marta , Nogué Miguel , Cillán Elena , Maurel Joan , Faull Iris , Raymond Victoria , Fernández-Martos Carlos , Montagut Clara 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
Total neoadjuvant treatment (TNT) is a valid strategy for patients with high-risk locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Biomarkers of response to TNT are an unmet clinical need. We aimed to determine the value of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) to predict tumor response, recurrence, and survival in patients with LARC treated with TNT.

Experimental Design:
The GEMCAD 1402 was a phase II randomized, multicentric clinical trial that randomized 180 patients with LARC to modified schedule of fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (mFOLFOX6) +/− aflibercept, followed by chemoradiation and surgery. Plasma samples were collected at baseline and after TNT within 48 hours before surgery (presurgery). An ultrasensitive assay that integrates genomic and epigenomic cancer signatures was used to assess ctDNA status. ctDNA results were correlated with variables of local tumor response in the surgery sample, local/systemic recurrence, and survival.

Results:
A total of 144 paired plasma samples from 72 patients were included. ctDNA was detectable in 83% of patients at baseline and in 15% following TNT (presurgery). No association was found between ctDNA status and pathologic response. Detectable presurgery ctDNA was significantly associated with systemic recurrence, shorter disease-free survival (HR, 4; P = 0.033), and shorter overall survival (HR, 23; P &lt; 0.0001).

Conclusions:
In patients with LARC treated with TNT, presurgery ctDNA detected minimal metastatic disease identifying patients at high risk of distant recurrence and death. This study sets the basis for prospective clinical trials that use liquid biopsy to personalize the therapeutic approach following TNT.
Leukocyte Heterogeneity in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Phenotypic and Spatial Features Associated with Clinical Outcome
Authors: Liudahl Shannon M. , Betts Courtney B. , Sivagnanam Shamilene , Morales-Oyarvide Vicente , da Silva Annacarolina , Yuan Chen , Hwang Samuel , Grossblatt-Wait Alison , Leis Kenna R. , Larson William , Lavoie Meghan B. , Robinson Padraic , Dias Costa Andressa , Väyrynen Sara A. , Clancy Thomas E. , Rubinson Douglas A. , Link Jason , Keith Dove , Horton Wesley , Tempero Margaret A. , Vonderheide Robert H. , Jaffee Elizabeth M. , Sheppard Brett , Goecks Jeremy , Sears Rosalie C. , Park Byung S. , Mori Motomi , Nowak Jonathan A. , Wolpin Brian M. , Coussens Lisa M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Immunotherapies targeting aspects of T cell functionality are efficacious in many solid tumors, but pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains refractory to these treatments. Deeper understanding of the PDAC immune ecosystem is needed to identify additional therapeutic targets and predictive biomarkers for therapeutic response and resistance monitoring. To address these needs, we quantitatively evaluated leukocyte contexture in 135 human PDACs at single-cell resolution by profiling density and spatial distribution of myeloid and lymphoid cells within histopathologically defined regions of surgical resections from treatment-naive and presurgically (neoadjuvant)–treated patients and biopsy specimens from metastatic PDAC. Resultant data establish an immune atlas of PDAC heterogeneity, identify leukocyte features correlating with clinical outcomes, and, through an in silico study, provide guidance for use of PDAC tissue microarrays to optimally measure intratumoral immune heterogeneity. Atlas data have direct applicability as a reference for evaluating immune responses to investigational neoadjuvant PDAC therapeutics where pretherapy baseline specimens are not available.

Significance:
We provide a phenotypic and spatial immune atlas of human PDAC identifying leukocyte composition at steady state and following standard neoadjuvant therapies. These data have broad utility as a resource that can inform on leukocyte responses to emerging therapies where baseline tissues were not acquired.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1861
Experimentações sociotécnicas para organização e difusão de coleções digitais universitárias: o caso do projeto Tainacan
Authors: Martins Luciana Conrado , Martins Dalton Lopes 
Published: March 2021

O artigo busca evidenciar como o uso das tecnologias digitais facilita a organização e o acesso às coleções e aos museus universitários. Por meio da análise dos casos de universidades que utilizam o software Tainacan como repositório digital de acervos, foram evidenciadas e discutidas as práticas de apropriação das ferramentas digitais por essas instituições e os ganhos advindos desse uso frente aos desafios de controle e socialização da informação presentes na área. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo quantitativo que buscou levantar o número de itens catalogados nos repositórios e que foram posteriormente analisados levando-se em consideração sua distribuição de frequência nas categorias analíticas propostas. Ressaltou-se os diferentes usos sociotécnicos e as formas específicas de apropriação, destacando-se as práticas de gestão e tratamento da informação a serem estudadas. Foram identificadas 17 instituições universitárias do Brasil e do exterior com experiências na organização de 63 coleções digitais, que contabilizaram um total de 11.896 catalogados. Os resultados permitem levantar a hipótese de que a adoção do Tainacan pelos museus e coleçõesuniversitárias está relacionado à flexibilidade e à facilidade de uso da ferramenta, que consegue atender a enorme diversidade tipológica, de filiação institucional desses acervos e maior simplicidade na implantação e customização. Além disso, percebe-se que o Tainacan possibilita o exercício da convergência digital em relação às coleções universitárias, aproximando esses acervos de uma maior mobilidade e possibilidade de comunicação com a sociedade, constituindo-se como uma importante solução para a socialização desses acervos.
O uso da tipografia em exposições museológicas: reflexões e experiências de visita em dois museus da USP
Authors: Camargo Iara Pierro de , Figueiredo-Lanz Renata Dias de Gouvea de 
Published: March 2021

Os textos apresentados em exposições museológicas são uma importante ferramenta de comunicação entre seus criadores e os visitantes. Mesmo diante do crescimento da espetacularização midiática em museus, os textos ainda são grandes protagonistas no desenvolvimento da narrativa expográfica e, portanto, na compreensão da exposição. Entretanto as referências bibliográficas sobre expografia dificilmente mencionam a tipografia e sua relação com o visitante dos museus. Por essa razão este artigo aborda o uso da tipografia em exposições museológicas como uma reflexão sobre as experiências da leitura em exposições de longa duração em dois museus de ciências da Universidade de São Paulo: o Museu de Zoologia e o Museu de Anatomia Veterinária. Como metodologia de pesquisa, realizaram-se visitas a essas exposições e, com embasamento nos autores das áreas de expografia, tipografia e sinalização, analisaram-se as tipografias empregadas. A partir da definição da legibilidade da fonte tipográfica, foram analisados os desafios espaciais da exposição – e dos seus suportes – para a leitura dos textos, bem como as dificuldades impostas aos visitantes não inerentes ao espaço da exposição, mas à própria natureza do visitante e a sua relação com os outros indivíduos presentes no espaço expositivo.