bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Rotation Periods of M Dwarfs across the Ages
Authors: Popinchalk Mark , Faherty Jacqueline K. , Kiman Rocio , Gagné Jonathan , Curtis Jason L. , Angus Ruth , Cruz Kelle L. , Rice Emily L. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this work we examine M dwarf rotation rates at a range of ages to establish benchmarks for M dwarf gyrochronology. This work includes a sample of 713 spectroscopically classified M0–M8 dwarfs with new rotation rates measured from K2 light curves. We analyze data and recover rotation rates for 179 of these objects. We add these to rotation rates for members of clusters with known ages (5–700 Myr), as well as objects assumed to have field ages (≳1 Gyr). We use Gaia DR2 parallax and

(
G
–

G

RP

)

photometry to create color–magnitude diagrams to compare objects across samples. We use color–period plots to analyze the period distributions across age, as well as incorporate Hα equivalent width and tangential velocity where possible to further comment on age dependence. We find that the age of transition from rapid to slow rotation in clusters, which we define as an elbow in the period–color plots, depends on spectral type. Later spectral types transition at older ages: M4 for Praesepe at ≈700 Myr, one of the oldest clusters for which M dwarf rotation rates have been measured. The transition from active to inactive Hα equivalent width also occurs at this elbow, as objects transition from rapid rotation to the slowly rotating sequence. Redder or smaller stars remain active at older ages. Finally, using Gaia kinematics we find evidence for rotation stalling for late Ms in the field sample, suggesting the transition happens much later for mid- to late-type M dwarfs.
Energy Injection Driven by Precessing Jets in Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows
Authors: Huang Bao-Quan , Liu Tong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Jet precession is considered to universally exist in different-scale astronomical phenomena, including gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). For the long-lived GRB central engine, the relativistic precessing jets will periodically inject kinetic energy into the external shocks, then significantly modulate the shapes of the light curves (LCs) in GRB afterglows. In this paper, we adopt the standard external shock model to investigate the effects of jet precession on GRB X-ray afterglows in cases with different parameters, i.e., the steady or time-dependent jet powers, precession periods, precession angles, and viewing angles. In the case where the jet powers are in steady or slow decay and the jet can sweep across the line of sight, shallow decay (or plateau) segments should appear; otherwise, a giant bump will emerge in the GRB afterglow LCs. We show that jet precession is a new plausible mechanism of the energy injection in GRBs. Moreover, some observed X-ray transients without GRB associations might be powered by the precessing jets.
The Changing Lightcurve of the Double-mode RR Lyrae Variable Star V338 Boo
Authors: Carrell Kenneth , Wilhelm Ronald , Olsen Faith , Tom Andrew , Vetters Garath , McElhannon Anna 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We present an analysis of the lightcurve extracted from Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) Full Frame Images (FFIs) of the double-mode RR Lyrae V338 Boo. We find that the fundamental mode pulsation is changing in amplitude across the 54 days of observations. The first overtone mode pulsation also changes, but on a much smaller scale. Harmonics and combinations of the primary pulsation modes also exhibit unusual behavior. Possible connections with other changes in RR Lyrae pulsations are discussed, but a full understanding of the cause of the changes seen in V338 Boo should shed light on some of the most difficult and unanswered questions in stellar pulsation theory, and astrophysics more generally.
Revison of Metaplagia Coquillett (Diptera: Tachinidae) with description of five new species from Area de Conservación Guanacaste in northwestern Costa Rica
Authors: Fleming AJ , Wood D. Monty , Smith M. Alex , Hallwachs Winnie , Janzen Daniel 
Published: July 2021

We revise the genus Metaplagia Coquillett, 1895 and describe five new species from Area de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG) in northwestern Costa Rica. All new species were reared from an ongoing inventory of wild-caught caterpillars spanning a variety of species within the family Sphingidae (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae). Our study provides a concise description of each new species using morphology, life history, molecular data and photographic documentation. In addition to the new species, the authors provide a re-description of the genus and a revised key to the species of Metaplagia.
The following five new species of Metaplagia are described: Metaplagia leahdennisae Fleming &amp; Wood sp. n., Metaplagia lindarobinsonae Fleming &amp; Wood sp. n., Metaplagia paulinesaribasae Fleming &amp; Wood sp. n., Metaplagia robinsherwoodae Fleming &amp; Wood sp. n. and Metaplagia svetlanakozikae Fleming &amp; Wood sp. n.
The following is proposed by Fleming &amp; Wood as new combination of Plagiomima Brauer &amp; Bergenstamm, 1891: Plagiomima latifrons (Reinhard, 1956) comb. n.
Development of a Clinical Judgment Scale for Japanese Nurses
Authors: Kawase Yoshiko , Miyashita Mika , Okayasu Masako , Hirai Yuka 
Published: July 2021

Background:
The purpose of this study was to develop a scale to assess the clinical judgment of nurses based on the clinical judgment process.

Method:
Based on a qualitative analysis of interviews with specialized and certified nurses and extant literature, a scale comprising 44 question items was created. A questionnaire survey was conducted with 1,444 nurses working in 28 general hospitals, psychiatric wards, cardiac care units, and intensive care units in Japan.

Results:
Valid responses were obtained from 610 nurses. Exploratory factor analysis was performed on the 23 items extracted by item analysis, and two factors, “theoretical and practical reasoning” and “grasping the condition by observation,” were extracted. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed the fit of the model. Cronbach's alpha confidence factor was 0.943 for the first factor and 0.924 for the second factor.

Conclusion:

These results support the factor validity and reliability of the clinical judgment scale.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2021;52(8):383–391.]
Primer registro de regeneración posincendio de Adesmia bijuga (Fabaceae), una especie en peligro crítico de Chile central
Authors: Gómez Persy , Garrido Pedro , Espinoza Sergio , San Martín José 
Published: July 2021

Adesmia bijuga es una especie endémica de la zona central de Chile y es considerada como En Peligro Crítico para la flora vascular chilena. Actualmente el conocimiento acerca de la dinámica de la regeneración de esta especie es deficiente. Nuestro estudio indica que A. bijuga tiene la capacidad de recuperarse después de un incendio.
Comparison of Two Dosages of Ketamine in Preventing Fentanyl-Induced Coughs in Children
Authors: Shafa Amir , Shahhosseini Sedighe , Rajaee Elham 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Fentanyl is a short-acting drug used to induce anesthesia. Here, we aimed to compare the two doses of ketamine to prevent fentanyl-induced cough in children under general anesthesia.

Materials and Methods:
This is a randomized, clinical trial which was performed in 2019 in Imam Hossein Hospital in Isfahan, Iran. The study population consisted of children between 6 months and 2 years who were candidates for general anesthesia. Patients were randomized into three groups, each containing 31 patients. Groups 1 and 2 received 0.1 mg/kg and 0.2 mg/kg intravenous ketamine, respectively, 1 min before fentanyl injections. Group 3 received the same volumes of normal saline 0.9%. Patients were observed and evaluated for the incidence and intensity of coughs 1 min and 3 min after fentanyl injections.

Results:
We showed that the frequency of coughs 1 min after fentanyl injection was significantly lower in Group 2 compared to other groups (P < 0.001). Three min after fentanyl injection, the frequencies of coughs were significantly lower in Groups 1 and 2 compared to Group 3 (P < 0.001). We also showed that the intensity of coughs was significantly lower in Group 2 compared to other Groups 1 and 3 min after fentanyl injection (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
The administration of 0.2 mg/kg ketamine is more effective than 0.1 mg/kg dosage in the prevention of fentanyl-induced cough. We also showed that this method could bring more stable hemodynamics and oxygenation saturation inpatients. The comparison of the two dosages was a novel issue in the recent literature.
Effect of a Selection of Skin Penetration Enhancers on Topical Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Boswellic Acids in Carrageenan-Induced Paw Edema in Rats
Authors: Hajhashemi Valiollah , Safaei Sadaf 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Boswellia species have been used for treatment of chronic inflammatory disease. Several studies have documented the anti-inflammatory effect of Boswellic acids (BAs) after systemic administration. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of some skin penetration enhancers on topical anti-inflammatory effect of BAs in rats.

Materials and Methods:
Male Wistar rats weighting 180–220 were used. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using carrageenan test. BAs dissolved in ethanol, propylene glycol 2%, 5%, olive oil and applied topically. Menthol, D-limonene, or eucalyptus oil 0.5%, 1% were also tested as other skin penetration enhancers and applied topically 30 min prior to subplantar injection of carrageenan into the right hind paw of rats. The volume of the paw was measured at 0 and 4 h after carrageenan with a digital plethysmometer and the difference was used as an index of inflammation. Piroxicam gel was used as a standard drug.

Results:
A 4% ethanolic solution of BAs showed significant anti-inflammatory effect. Propylene glycol (2% and 5%) in alcohol did not change the effect. Olive oil also enhanced penetration of BAs. Menthol 0.5%, 1% and D-limonene 0.5%, 1% did not show any significant change compared to olive oil alone. In the present study, eucalyptus oil 1% in olive oil was known as the best carrier for transdermal delivery of BAs.

Conclusion:
BAs have considerable topical anti-inflammatory effects and olive oil alone or especially in combination with eucalyptus oil can be promising vehicles for skin penetration of topical BAs.
Inhibition of histone deacetylase 6 by tubastatin A as an experimental therapeutic strategy against glioblastoma
Authors: Urdiciain Alejandro , Bermúdez-Lekerika Paola , Meléndez Bárbara , Rey Juan A. , Idoate Miguel A. , Riobo-Del Galdo Natalia A. , Castresana Javier S. 
Published: July 2021

Background and Aim:
Glioblastoma is the most lethal brain tumor. No effective curative treatment is available yet, and it is treated by surgery, temozolomide (TMZ), and radiotherapy, with an average overall survival of around 15 months. Inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACs) are being explored against a variety of tumors, including glioblastoma. Specific inhibitors of HDAC6, such as tubastatin A (Tub A), may potentially be beneficial as HDAC6 has been demonstrated to be the most expressed HDACs in glioblastoma. Our aim was to test whether Tub A could reverse the malignant phenotype of U87MG cells via the inhibition of HDAC6.

Materials and Methods:
U87MG cells were treated with cyclopamine (Cyp), TMZ, and Tub A. Two double treatments were performed as well (Cyp + Tub A and TMZ + Tub A). Colony formation, wound healing, Caspase-Glo 3/7, quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, luciferase assay, and Western blot assays were conducted to determine clonogenic and migration capacity, apoptosis, activation of the Sonic Hedgehog pathway, acetylation of α-tubulin and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and autophagic flux of U87MG glioblastoma cells, respectively.

Results:
Tub A treatment caused a reversal of the U87MG malignant phenotype by reducing its clonogenic and migratory cellular potential, and inducing apoptosis. Sonic Hedgehog pathway inhibition, together with reversal of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and reduced autophagic flux, was also induced by the effect of Tub A.

Conclusions:
HDAC6 might be a good target for glioblastoma treatment.
CpG2 hypermethylation in the CD95L promoter is associated with survival in patients with glioblastoma
Authors: Farrukh Hameed N. U. , Zhou Yuyao , Jin Lei , Xu Ying , Zhang Jie , Chen Hong , Xue James , Wu Jinsong 
Published: July 2021

Background and Aim:
Blockade of CD95/CD95 ligand (CD95 L) signaling is a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM), while methylation of a single cytosine-phosphate-guanine site (CpG2) upstream of the CD95 L promoter has been identified as a prognostic biomarker for GBM. Here, we conducted the first investigation of CD95 L expression and CpG2 methylation levels in the CD95 L promoter in GBM patients.

Materials and Methods:
In this observational study, tissue samples were collected from 69 patients with a primary diagnosis of World Health Organization Grade IV GBM treated at the Department of Glioma Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University and tested for CD95 L expression using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The CpG2 methylation status of the samples was also evaluated, and its impact on overall survival (OS) was assessed by univariate analysis. The study was approved by the Hospital Institutional Review Board (approval No. 220) on July 7, 2015.

Results:
The IHC results showed a CD95 L detection rate of at least 43.5% for tissue samples with IHC scores of 2+ or 3+ and 78.3% for those with IHC scores of 1+, 2+, or 3+. Patients with high CpG2 methylation levels (≥52% higher than the median value; n = 32) had significantly longer median survival compared with those with low CpG2 methylation levels (n = 29) (22.95 vs. 14.5 months; P = 0.0084). GBM patients who underwent gross total tumor resection (n = 57) showed similar results. Those in the high CpG2 methylation group had longer median OS compared with that of patients in the low CpG2 methylation group (23.5 vs. 18.0 months; P = 0.0141).

Conclusions:
Our results showed a significant prevalence of CD95 L expression in GBM patients, whereas CpG2 hypermethylation within the CD95 L promoter was positively associated with survival. These findings support that CD95/CD95 L signaling blockade has potential as a therapeutic strategy targeting treatment-resistant GBM.
Histopathological changes in the right atrial appendages triggering atrial fibrillation
Authors: Shah Saloni Naresh , Varghese Renu G' Boy , Theodore Sanjay 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Atrial fibrillation(AF) is as an abnormal irregular rhythm with chaotic generation of electrical signals in the atria of the heart. Various studies in the West have proved that atrial substrates, like isolated atrial amyloidosis can trigger the development of atrial fibrillation. In India, these structural changes have been analyzed on autopsied hearts.

Aim:
To determine the role of Atrial Amyloid as a substrate for Atrial fibrillation in ante mortem hearts.

Methods and Results:
Atrial appendages were obtained from seventy five patients undergoing open heart surgery at a tertiary care hospital in south India. They were stained with Hematoxylin &Eosin, Masson's Trichrome and Congo red stains and were examined for myocarditis, fibrosis and amyloidosis, respectively. 30 (40%) patients were in AF. Amyloid deposits were seen in 3 cases. All the three were in AF and had undergone mitral valve replacement (MVR) (P<0.05). 2 out of the 3 amyloid-positive cases showed active myocarditis and severe scarring but there was no statistically significant correlation between these factors.

Conclusion:
Amyloid and myocarditis, independently act as an arrythmogenic substrates in the development of atrial fibrillation and are also increasingly associated with female gender and MVR. We hypothesize that the amyloid deposits are due to isolated atrial amyloidosis as they were seen only in young individuals. Some patients in sinus rhythm (SR) had large left atria and myocarditis and probably are at a higher risk for developing AF. Hence, follow-up of these patients is required for prevention of severe organ damage and timely therapeutic intervention.
A tale of tripartite
Authors: Sengupta Moumita , Dasgupta Saugat , Basu Keya , Mukherjee Sriranjan , Sarkar Sucharita , Chowdhury Arpita Roy , Pandey Rajendra , Bandopadhyay Manimoy 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Crescentic glomerulonephritis (Cr GN) is pattern of glomerular injury resulting from wide range of diseases sharing a common pathogenesis.

Objectives:
The objective of our study was to analyze the clinicopathological spectrum and outcome of Cr GN with special reference to its immunopathological subtypes using a panel of immunofluorescence stains.

Materials and Methods:
Native renal biopsies with crescentic pattern of injury were included. Detailed Clinical and laboratory variables were analyzed along with the treatment protocol and renal outcome, wherever available. Renal biopsy slides were evaluated for various glomerular and extraglomerular features. Both qualitative and quantitative data were analyzed.

Results:
A total of 57 cases of Cr GN were included; majority (47.36%) of cases were pauci-immune in nature. Among clinical features, ranges of proteinuria and creatinine level were significantly different between subgroups. The various light microscopic parameters, including proportion of cellular crescents and capillary wall necrosis were different. Presence of arteriolar changes also showed association with unfavorable outcome. Three unusual associations, including IgA nephropathy, membranous glomerulonephritis and Hepatitis B infection were detected. Adequate follow-up information was available in 35 of the patients. Of these, 14 were dialysis-dependent at the last follow-up.

Conclusions:
Type III Cr GN (pauci-immune Cr GN) was the commonest cause of Cr GN in our population. Adult patients required renal replacement therapy more frequently than pediatric cases those are chiefly infection associated. Critical appraisal of clinical, histopathological and immunofluorescence finding help to identify individual subtypes as treatment and outcome varies accordingly.
Metabolic syndrome awareness and attitudes among family medicine residents in Riyadh 2019–2020
Authors: Alshuniefi Abeer S. , Aljuhani Nasser K. , Allafi Abrar H. , Alruwayshid Mashael S. , Alaraik Enas F. , Alreshidi Fatmah , Almughais Ebtehaj S. 
Published: July 2021

Context:
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a group of metabolism diseases which includes over increase of the body weight, high insulin levels, elevated blood pressure, and abnormal level of cholesterol; these disorders may increase the risk of evolving coronary heart diseases. Primary health care physicians are responsible for caring for general patients and thus must have sufficient knowledge about MS, positive attitudes, and good medical practices.

Aims:
To evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of family medicine residents in Riyadh regarding the diagnosis, management, and preventive measures of MS.

Methods and Material:
This study is a cross-sectional; it was conducted on family medicine residents in Riyadh using a survey to investigate the demographics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the residents regarding MS.

Results:
This study included 224 physicians, of whom 35.3% had a high level of knowledge, 63.8% had positive attitudes, and 50% had good practices. No factors were associated with knowledge level; conversely, male gender and training at the KFMC were significantly associated with attitude (P = 0.009 and 0.004, respectively), and training level R1 and R2 were significantly related to the level of practice (P = 0.013 and 0.015, respectively).

Conclusions:
The family medicine residents reported a low knowledge level; however, more than half of them had positive attitudes and half had good practices.
Effect of COVID 19 Lockdown on glycemic parameters in people with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Tewari Ajoy , Tewari Vineeta , Tewari Jay 
Published: July 2021

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the newly discovered SARS-COV-2. Older people and people with pre-existing medical conditions, such as diabetes and obesity, appear to have the worst outcomes with the COVID-19 virus. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries enforced stringent lockdowns to prevent the spread of the disease. India had a lockdown of 68 days between 21st March and 31st May 2020. In this background, we undertook this study to assess the effect of the lockdown on the glycemic status and weight of people with diabetes, which was indirectly an opportunity to assess the self-care practices of people with diabetes.

Material and Methods:
The subjects included in the study were people with type 2 diabetes identified from electronic medical records who had attended the Jai Clinic and Diabetes Care Centre in Lucknow and were tested for HbA1c between 20th Feb 2020 and 20th March 2020. A total of 313 people with diabetes were identified meeting the inclusion criteria, out of which 171 were females and 142 were males. They were again tested for HbA1c between 1st June 2020 and 1st July 2020 after lockdown. Their pre- and post-lockdown HbA1c and weight were analyzed statistically.

Results:
HbA1c was increased in 195 patients, which was statistically significant. A total of 151 patients had an increase in weight compared to their prelockdown weights, but it was not statistically significant. Furthermore, an increase in weight correlated with an increase in HbA1c and a decrease in weight correlated with a decrease in HbA1c. Both were statistically significant.

Conclusion:
Optimum diabetes control and adherence to good self-care practices is the need of hour, and contingency plans for medicines and diabetes care supplies are of utmost importance in these testing times.
Clinico-microbiological spectrum of anaerobic pyogenic infections in an Indian tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Nema S , Brahmachari S , Vishnu Teja N. , Biswas D 
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
Anaerobes are important however the most neglected pathogens. Timely isolation of anaerobes can guide the clinician about the correct course of clinical treatment and thus reduce the mortality and also the problem of antimicrobial resistance.

Materials and Methods:
Tissue and/or pus aspirates were collected aseptically from infectious sites in the Robertson's cooked meat medium (RCM) and sent to anaerobic bacteriology laboratory for culture. Subcultures from RCM for each sample were done on neomycin blood agar and 5% sheep blood agar along with metronidazole disc (5μg). The plates were incubated in an anaerobic jar using GasPak for 72 hrs. The preliminary identification was performed by standard biochemical tests for both obligate and facultative anaerobic isolates. Speciations of obligate anaerobes were performed by Vitek 2 automated system.

Results:
Obligate anaerobes either single or polymicrobial were obtained in 38/216 (14.5 %) samples processed during the study period. Polymicrobial infections were reported in 21/216 (55.26%) samples and most commonly with obligate anaerobic gramnegative bacilli i.e. Prevotella-Porphyromonas and Bacteroides fragilis group. Most common monomicrobial anaerobic infections were observed with Veillonella spp. (n=4) and Porphyromonas spp. (n=4) followed by Bacteroides fragilis (n=3). Obligate anaerobes were predominantly isolated from skin and soft tissue infections (n=14) followed by surgical site infections (n=8).

Conclusion:
Although most of the infections are polymicrobial, a rise in the incidence of monomicrobial anaerobic infections has been noticed. Therefore, the performance of anaerobic cultures along with aerobic cultures is much needed for complete bacterial work-up of specimens from infectious sites and better patient management.