bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating diffuse support for state high courts among individuals with varying levels of policy agreement
Authors: Cann Damon , Yates Jeff 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundCourts are unusually vulnerable governing institutions that rely upon deeply seated public support and notions of institutional legitimacy to flourish and remain policy‐relevant. This diffuse support allows courts to be viable policy entities while simultaneously issuing edicts that are counter‐majoritarian. A recent debate centers on whether policy disagreement affects members of the public's diffuse support stores for the nation's High Court.ObjectiveHere, we investigate whether policy disagreement between citizens and their state courts influences public perceptions of state court legitimacy (diffuse support). We also examine how those who disagree with state court policy making (policy “losers”) assay the legitimacy of their state courts differently than those who feel that their policy preferences are promoted by state courts (policy “winners”).MethodsWe draw data from the 2012 Cooperative Congressional Election Study (CCES), where researcher‐specific content for 1000 respondents allowed us to ask a number of questions about citizens’ perspectives on their state high courts. We employ Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analyze these citizen views of state legal institutions.ResultsWe find that policy agreement is quite relevant to citizens’ levels of diffuse support for their state courts and that the relative drivers of policy “winners” and “losers” assessments of their courts’ legitimacy do evince overlap but in important ways are distinct.ConclusionOur findings provide important insight on how citizens view courts and the law. Our investigation also sheds light on the dynamics of citizen disagreement with government outcomes and perceptions of institutional legitimacy.
A method for finding least‐cost corridors in three‐dimensional raster space
Authors: Seegmiller Lindsi , Shirabe Takeshi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOptimal routing of a path with a constant width in a two‐dimensional grid of cost‐weighted square cells or pixels is a recent extension of the least‐cost path problem, and models and solutions are available and ready to be integrated into raster‐based geographic information systems. In this article we consider yet another variation of this problem in a three‐dimensional grid of cost‐weighted cubic cells or voxels, which is to find a tubular region of voxels with a constant width, referred to here as “corridor,” connecting two termini while accumulating the least amount of cost. We model a corridor as a sequence of sets of voxels, called “neighborhoods,” that are arranged in a 26‐hedral form, design a heuristic method to find a sequence of such neighborhoods that sweeps the minimum cost‐weighted volume, and test its performance with computer‐generated random data. Results show that the method finds a low‐cost, if not least‐cost, corridor with a specified width in a three‐dimensional cost grid and has a reasonable efficiency as its complexity is O(n2), where n is the number of voxels in the input cost grid and is independent of corridor width. A major drawback is that the corridor found may self‐intersect, which often not only is an undesirable quality but also makes the estimation of its cost‐weighted volume inaccurate.
A new step in understanding stem cell mobilization in patients with Fanconi anemia: A bridge to gene therapy
Authors: Diana Jean‐sébastien , Manceau Sandra , Leblanc Thierry , Magnani Alessandra , Magrin Elisa , Bendavid Matthieu , Couzin Chloe , Joseph Laure , Soulier Jean , Cavazzana Marina , Lefrère Francois 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundFanconi anemia (FA) is an inherited disorder characterized clinically by congenital abnormalities, progressive bone marrow failure (BMF), and a predisposition to malignancy. Gene therapy (GT) of FA, via the infusion of gene‐corrected peripheral blood (PB) autologous hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), may constitute a cure for BMF. GT bypasses the donor restrictions and adverse events associated with allogenic HSC transplantation. However, adequate harvesting of PB‐HSCs is a crucial determinant of successful engraftment in gene therapy. Harvesting the low numbers of HSCs in patients with FA is particularly challenging.Study design and methodsThis open‐label phase I/II trial evaluates the feasibility and safety of co‐administration of G‐CSF and plerixafor in patients with FA for the mobilization and harvesting of peripheral HSCs, intending to use them in a gene therapy trial. Patients with mutations in the FANCA gene received two subcutaneous injections of G‐CSF (6 μg/kg × 2/d from D1 to D8. Plerixafor (0.24 mg/kg/d) was administered 2 h before apheresis (from D5 onward).ResultsCD34+ cells were mobilized for four patients quickly but transiently after the plerixafor injection. One patient had a CD34+ cell count of over 100/μl; the mobilization peaked 2 h after the injection and lasted for more than 9 h. There were no short‐term adverse events associated with the mobilization or harvesting procedures.ConclusionOur data in patients with FA show that the mobilization of HSCs with G‐CSF and plerixafor is safe and more efficient in younger individuals without BMF.
Design and Analysis of a Solar Energy Driven Tri-Generation Plant for Power, Heating, and Refrigeration
Authors: You Dongchuan , Tatli Akif Eren , Ghanavati Ashkan , Metghalchi Hameed 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A tri-generation plant producing power, heat, and refrigeration has been designed and analyzed. Using solar energy as input. The power side of the plant uses supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) recompression cycle. The refrigeration side includes an aqueous lithium bromide absorption system. Thermal energy has been extracted from many places in the plant for heating purposes. A detailed thermodynamics model has been developed to determine performance of the plant for many different conditions. Thermal efficiency, energy effectiveness, and exergetic efficiency of the system has been calculated for different operating conditions. It turns out that the pressure ratio of the recombination cycle and effectiveness of the energy exchanger for transferring energy from the power side to the refrigeration side play important roles.
Nonlinear Dynamics of Aeroelastic Systems
Authors: Dowell Earl H. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Aeroelastic systems are those that involve the coupled interaction between a convecting fluid and a flexible elastic structure. The nonlinear dynamical response of such systems is of great current interest. Existing aircraft are known to encounter limit cycle oscillations (LCO) in certain flight regimes, and relatively simple experimental wind tunnel models have been designed to exhibit LCO as well. In the present paper, the results of these wind tunnel experiments are discussed and compared to comparable results from mathematical models. The physical models include (1) an airfoil and a control surface attached with an elastic spring including free-play and (2) a delta wing with elastic geometrical nonlinearities due to bending and torsional deformations. Both self-excited oscillations such as flutter and LCO, as well as forced oscillations due to an aerodynamic gust, are discussed. The advantages of representing the unsteady aerodynamic flow field in terms of global modes for such studies are emphasized and illustrated.
Geometrically Nonlinear Forced Vibrations of Circular Cylindrical Shells Containing Flowing Fluid
Authors: Pellicano F. , Amabili M. , Païdoussis M. P. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The response of a shell conveying fluid to harmonic excitation, in the spectral neighbourhood of one of the lowest natural frequencies, is investigated for different flow velocities. Nonlinearities due to moderately large amplitude shell motion are considered by using the nonlinear Donnell shallow shell theory. Linear potential flow theory is applied to describe the fluid-structure interaction by using the model proposed by Païdoussis and Denise. For different amplitude and frequency of the excitation and for different flow velocities, the following are investigated numerically: (i) periodic response of the system; (ii) unsteady and stochastic motion; (iii) loss of stability by jumps to bifurcated branches. The effect of the flow velocity on the nonlinear periodic response of the system has also been investigated. Poincaré maps and bifurcation diagrams are used to study the unsteady and stochastic dynamics of the system. Amplitude-modulated motions, multi-periodic solutions, chaotic responses and the so-called “blue sky catastrophe” phenomenon have been observed for different values of the system parameters; the latter two have been predicted here probably for the first time for the dynamics of circular cylindrical shells.
The Dynamics of Composite Cylindrical Shells
Authors: Palazotto A. N. , Naboulsi S. K. , Forral A. E. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The dynamic collapse behavior of composite cylindrical shells subjected to a transverse point load is considered. The behavior of undamped cylindrical shells are analyzed with a finite element formulation that incorporates all nonlinear Green’s strain terms in the in-plane, directions. A higher order shear theory is also incorporated in the formulation. Characterizations of the chaotic nature of the post collapsed shell are also explored.
Fire Protection Risk Assessment: A Proposed Methodology for Oil and Chemical Facilities
Authors: Roe Donald L. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Fire protection is considered only part of a facility’s safety and loss prevention program. Fire protection systems are designed to respond to events after they have occurred, and do not take into consideration other systems in place that prevent the event from occurring in the first place. In many instances, and especially after events have occurred, lawsuits have been filed, regulatory consent orders have been issued, and recommendations from outside experts and insurance companies have been issued, directly pressuring the company to take action. Other companies with similar risks have also felt indirect pressure to install additional protection systems. Good engineering judgment has not always been applied to assure that the money was well spent.
This paper will present a fire protection risk assessment methodology for oil and chemical facilities. In this methodology, not only are fire protection issues considered, but also select management, process safety and engineering systems are reviewed. The systematic review of these factors will assist a facility in establishing its own risk assessment criteria.
ECRC has applied and proven the benefits of this methodology at a Gulf Coast refining and petrochemical complex. This paper will summarize the results of this work.
Development and Application of API Risk Based Inspection Planning for Petroleum and Petrochemical Facilities
Authors: Reynolds John T. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper describes the status of the API project to develop and maintain Risk-Based Inspection (RBI) methodology for application within the petroleum and chemical industry. The original project has now moved from a “development” phase into an “implement and improve” phase. This paper describes the essential features of API RBI, the most recent enhancements, software features, the future direction for the project, and some user experiences.
This paper also describes the acceptance of RBI by various API codes and standards, by jurisdictional authorities, and it also describes the development of an API recommended practice on RBI (API RP 580) as well as the development of an ASME standard on RBI.
Utility of Maintenance Performance Indicators to Consolidate Operational and Technical Health Beyond the Regulatory Compliance
Authors: Liyanage Jayantha P. , Kumar Uday 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Performance indicators being a widely accepted criterion and a reliable resort to monitor and to control or to improve core-processes, the strategic importance for a comprehensive performance measurement system in the petroleum sector is ever increasing. But yet, there is a lack of such measurement systems to serve the purpose due to its complexity by nature, however been constantly attempted by many personnel. A focal-effort is to track the degree of performance of maintenance process with reference to specified acceptance criteria in the long run to keep-up with a desired operational and technical health, and to comply with the internal and external requirements for offshore petroleum business to enhance the overall asset performance. There are certain critical watch-worthy factors for such performance measurement systems in general, and increasing fundamental motives behind management concerns to outperform beyond statutory and regulatory requirements. This paper discusses some basic issues regarding the development of operations and maintenance performance indicators for the offshore petroleum industry on the premise of the above.
Thermo-Bimorph Microcilia Arrays for Small Spacecraft Docking
Authors: Reiter Joel , Terry Mason , Böhringer Karl F. , Suh John W. , Kovacs Gregory T. A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technology promises to improve performance of future spacecraft components while reducing mass, cost, and manufacture time. Arrays of microcilia actuators offer a lightweight alternative to conventional docking systems for miniature satellites. Instead of mechanical guiding structures, such a system uses a surface tiled with MEMS actuators to guide the satellite to its docking site.
This paper describes an experimental setup for precision docking of a “picosatellite” with the help of MEMS cilia arrays. Microgravity is simulated with an aluminum puck on an airtable. A series of experiments is performed to characterize the cilia, with the goal to understand the influence of normal force, picosat mass, docking velocity, cilia frequency, interface material, and actuation strategy (“gait”) on the performance of the MEMS docking system.
We demonstrate a 4 cm2 cilia array capable of docking a 45 gram picosat with a 2 mm2 contact area at micrometer precision. It is concluded that current MEMS cilia arrays are useful to position and align miniature satellites with up to several kg of mass.
Heat Transer Enhancement Using Flow-Induced Vibration of a Microfin Array
Authors: Go Jeung Sang , Lim Geunbae , Yun Hayong , Lee Junghyun , Song Inseob , Kim Sung Jin , Pak Y. Eugene 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Advanced notebook computers are facing thermal engineering challenges from both the high heat generation with rapid performance improvement and the reduction of the available heat removal surface area. Efficient and compact cooling technology is desired to provide the reliable operation of the microelectronic devices. This paper investigates the feasibility of heat transfer enhancement in laminar flow using the flow-induced vibration of a microfin array without the additional consumption of battery power or the extension of heat removal surface area. The microfins are initially bent due to the residual stress difference. A high speed motion analyzer records the flow-induced vibration of the microfin array. Increase in flow velocity provides larger vibrating deflection and higher frequency of the microfin. We measure the thermal resistances to evaluate the thermal performance of the microfin heat sink and compare them with those of the plain-wall heat sink. For the fluid velocity of 4.4m/s, the thermal resistance of the microfin array heat sink is measured to be 4.45°C/W and that of the plain-wall heat sink 4.69°C/W, which indicates 5.5% cooling enhancement. At the flow velocity of 5.5m/s, the thermal resistance of the microfin array heat sink decreases by 11.5%.
Adhesion Studies of Single Living Cells Using MEMS Sensors
Authors: Sager Chad , Saif Taher , LeDuc Phil 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Adhesion between cells is related to several physiological phenomena such as heart failure (Karila00), how cancer spreads (Ruoslahti99) and if an infection will be fought off. Controlling of these events requires knowledge of how cells adhere. Many previous studies have been conducted with various amounts of success. But none of these methods are independently capable of understanding the adhesion properties of a single living cell. In this article a MEMS sensor has been employed to study, quantitatively and qualitatively, the adhesion properties of a single living bovine endothelial cell. This experiment shows that the strength of a single anchorage site of the endothelial cell to an extracellular matrix coated substrate is 36 nN. Anchorage sites have been observed, in-situ, to be spaced on the order of 1 μm intervals. A model is also proposed for the detachment of a single living cell from a substrate.
Robust Mask-Layout and Process Synthesis Through an Evolutionary Algorithm
Authors: Ma Lin , Antonsson Erik K. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A method for automated mask-layout and process synthesis for MEMS is presented. The synthesis problem is approached by use of a genetic algorithm. For a given desired device shape, and several fabrication process choices, this synthesis method will produce one or more mask-layouts and associated fabrication process sequences (which when used can generate shapes close to the desired one). Given complicated device shapes and wide range of fabrication process possibilities, the designer may encounter difficulty producing the right mask-layout and fabrication procedure by experience and trial and error. An automated synthesis tool like this will be helpful to the designer by increasing the efficiency and accuracy of the design of MEMS devices.
Acoustically-Driven Microfluidic Systems
Authors: Wang Amy W. , Benett William J. , Tarte Lisa A. , Venkateswaran Kodumudi S. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We have demonstrated a non-contact method of concentrating and mixing particles in a plastic microfluidic chamber employing acoustic radiation pressure. A flow cell package has also been designed that integrates liquid sample interconnects, electrical contacts and a removable sample chamber. Increased antibody binding to magnetic porous glass beads was observed in the presence of acoustic mixing due to improved mass transport. Concentration of glass and polystyrene beads using acoustic radiation pressure was also demonstrated.
Electroosmotic Flow Control in Complex Microgeometries
Authors: Dutta Prashanta , Beskok Ali 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A high-order (h/p type) spectral element method is developed, and verified for numerical simulation of combined electroosmotic and pressure driven flows in complex microgeometries. Analytical relations for wall shear stress, velocity and pressure distributions in straight channels are obtained. The electrokinetic pumping action is demonstrated. Electroosmotic flows in groove-channels, microchannel junctions and Y-split junctions are analyzed. Precise flow adjustment and separation control techniques using the electroosmotic forces are demonstrated. In the Stokes flow regime, the flow control is shown to have linear dependence on the magnitude of the external electric field. Hence, the electroosmotic forces can be used as linear actuators for various microfluidic applications.
Optimization of DNA Microsensor Arrays for Biological Detection
Authors: Gau Jen-Jr , Lan Esther H. , Dunn Bruce , Ho Chih-Ming 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper describes the characterization and optimization of a reusable DNA microsensor array for rapid biological agent detection developed in previous publications. (Fig.1) [1–3] This MEMS based DNA sensor utilizes a standard three-electrode electrochemical cell configuration with novel micro fabricated structure design to minimize non-specific binding. The sensor module is easily to be adapted to various protocols and can be used for rapid detection of macromolecules (DNA, RNA) from targets such as uropathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) in urine and microorganisms causing otitis media (middle ear infection). Less than 105 E. coli cells can be detected from the urine sample of a patient with urine tract infection. The sensitivity is enhanced by appropriate sensor characterization and surface modification. The total detection time including sample preparation can be reduced to 25 minutes by using a POD conjugated oligonucleotide.
Magneto-Thermo-Fluidic (MTF) MEMS by Direct-Write (DW) Laser Micro-Fabrication (LμF)
Authors: Vakanas George P. , Tseng Ampere A. , Winer Paul 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Keeping up with the highlight topic of this year’s ASME MEMS Symposium 2000 “Beyond Traditional Barriers”, this paper reports on operational principles, scaling, modeling and fabrication issues for magneto-fluidic MEMS. The research is an integral part of the on-going Laser Fabrication Program at Arizona State University. It is the premise of this paper that novel MEMS devices and applications can evolve by integrating materials with unique properties in new micro device designs (Grimes, 1997). Laser processing techniques, for 5μ-thick magnetic films on silicon, have already been reported elsewhere by the same authors (Vakanas et al, 2000). The focus of the current work is on expanding the applications envelop of laser-fabricated microstructures on magnetic thick films to enable new high-volume semiconductor and MEMS devices. Research results are presented in the form of preliminary laser-based rapid prototyping and fabrication (RP&F) as well as comparative taxonomies of operational principles and applications in microfluidics and micromagnetics, leading to the conceptual design of micro and meso -scale MHD and MTF devices. The paper concludes with the on-going research activity and remaining challenges.
Trends in the Energy and Engineering Industry From a Nuclear Power Perspective
Authors: Nordahl James H. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this paper will be to discuss the role of nuclear power in world energy production during the 21st century. Nuclear power is currently a significant source of the global electricity supply, providing approximately 16% of the world’s electricity, and world consumption of nuclear power is continuing to grow. Worldwide nuclear capacity is projected to increase from 349 gigawatts (in 1998) to 368 gigawatts in 2010. Much of this near-term increase in nuclear capacity is due to aggressive plans for nuclear capacity expansion in Asia.
Longer term high growth projections for nuclear power include assumptions of limited reactor aging effects, with more reactors operating after license renewals. In early 2000, the USNRC issued the first license renewals for nuclear power plants, for a 20 year extension beyond the expiration of the initial license term. In addition, utilities have already notified the USNRC of plans to submit renewal applications for more than 20 units by 2003. License renewal is expected to be an attractive option for companies as the most inexpensive means of future electricity generation.
Another factor pointing towards the positive prospects for nuclear power in the future are the substantial improvements seen in plant safety, reliability and output over the last two decades. Due to improved management practices, higher reliability and output, and shorter refueling outages, the average production cost of US nuclear power plants has steadily decreased over the last five years. Based solely on economic factors, most US nuclear units should be able to compete in a competitive electricity market.
Many additional factors point to nuclear power as an energy source which will become increasingly important in the 21st century. These factors include environmental considerations such as carbon emissions from fossil fuels, reduced waste quantities produced by nuclear power, and the security of supply of uranium reserves.