bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of oak wood modalities on the (non)-volatile composition and sensory attributes of red wines
Authors: González-Centeno María Reyes , Teissedre Pierre-Louis , Chira Kleopatra 
Published: May 2021

During fermentation or ageing of wines, oak wood is commonly used in form of barrels, casks or derived oak products (chips, winewoods, tankstaves, among others). It is well known that aroma, structure, astringency, bitterness, aromatic persistence and colour may change as a result of wine‒wood contact. A full-scale experimentation was performed under different oak ageing conditions in order to evaluate colour, phenolic, aromatic and sensory differences among final red wines (9‒months ageing). Oenological parameters and wine colour were not impacted by ageing modality. At the end of ageing, no differences were found in total phenolic and tannin contents. Regardless of the ageing modality, total content and profile of fruity volatiles were globally maintained with regard to control (≥ 86 %). In contrast, the higher the surface of wine‒wood contact per unit of wine volume, the greater the extraction of woody aromas. Thus, barrels led to wines with the highest level of woody aromas (515‒864 µg/L), followed by cask modalities (430‒470 µg/L). From a sensory point of view, descriptors highlighting the woody character of wine (vanilla, spicy) were enhanced in all oak‒aged wines when compared to control. However, our results indicate that a masking effect of fruity aroma by oak wood did not occur, since all modalities were perceived as fruity as the control. Thus, each oak ageing modality may lead to wines with a different woody character, without no impact on fruity perception, allowing wineries to achieve the targeted aromatic profile, good structure and just the right balance between fruity and woody aromas.
Lipid Droplets as Regulators of Metabolism and Immunity
Authors: Boucher Dominique M. , Vijithakumar Viyashini , Ouimet Mireille 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A hallmark of sterile and nonsterile inflammation is the increased accumulation of cytoplasmic lipid droplets (LDs) in non-adipose cells. LDs are ubiquitous organelles specialized in neutral lipid storage and hydrolysis. Originating in the ER, LDs are comprised of a core of neutral lipids (cholesterol esters, triglycerides) surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer and several LD-associated proteins. The perilipin (PLIN1-5) family are the most abundant structural proteins present on the surface of LDs. While PLIN1 is primarily expressed in adipocytes, PLIN2 and PLIN3 are ubiquitously expressed. LDs also acquire a host of enzymes and proteins that regulate LD metabolism. Amongst these are neutral lipases and selective lipophagy factors that promote hydrolysis of LD-associated neutral lipid. In addition, LDs physically associate with other organelles such as mitochondria through inter-organelle membrane contact sites that facilitate lipid transport. Beyond serving as a source of energy storage, LDs participate in inflammatory and infectious diseases, regulating both innate and adaptive host immune responses. Here, we review recent studies on the role of LDs in the regulation of immunometabolism.
Transition to Independent Research Funding Among National Institutes of Health K Grant Awardees at Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Silvestre Jason , Hines Shawn M. , Chang Benjamin , Ahn Jaimo 
Published: May 2021

Background:
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) supports mentored research career development awards (K awards) to increase the pipeline of independently funded scientists. This study analyzed the portfolio of K grants that were awarded to orthopaedic surgery departments and characterized the factors that were associated with successful transition to independent NIH research funding, including R01 grants.

Methods:
This was a retrospective cohort study of K-award recipients in orthopaedic surgery departments in the United States from 1996 to 2018. A query was performed on the NIH Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools (RePORT) database for NIH grants that were awarded to departments of orthopaedic surgery, general surgery, otolaryngology, obstetrics and gynecology, ophthalmology, and urology. Rates of transition to independent research funding were compared by specialty for K grants that were awarded from 1996 to 2011. The percentage of faculty with mentored research career development awards and the return on investment (ROI) were calculated. An internet and Scopus (Elsevier) database search determined the investigator characteristics. The factors that were associated with successful transition to independent funding were determined via chi-square and unpaired t tests.

Results:
Sixty K-award recipients were identified in orthopaedic surgery departments. Most were men (77%) and research scientists (53%). Fifty percent of the K-award recipients transitioned to independent research funding. Research scientists had the highest rate of transition to independent research funding (71%, p = 0.016) relative to clinicians (0%) and orthopaedic surgeons (40%). Higher levels of publication productivity were associated with successful transition to independent research funding. Similar rates of transition to independent research funding existed among surgical specialties (p = 0.107). Orthopaedic surgery had the lowest percentage of faculty with a K award (1.4%) but had the highest ROI (198%) of these awards.

Conclusions:
Orthopaedic surgery had similar rates of transition to independent research funding when compared with other surgical specialties but had a lower prevalence of K awards among faculty. Orthopaedic surgeon-scientists have lower rates of transition to independent research funding when compared with their research-scientist colleagues. These findings highlight a need for greater support to foster the pipeline of future NIH-funded orthopaedic investigators.

Clinical Relevance:
As the largest support of biomedical research in the U.S., the NIH is an important stakeholder in orthopaedic innovations and discoveries. This study highlights barriers in the procurement of NIH funding across surgical specialties and affirms the need for greater resources toward supporting NIH funding in orthopaedic surgery.
Lower 1-Year Postoperative Mortality After Acetabular Versus Proximal Femoral Fractures in Elderly Patients
Authors: Stetzelberger Vera M. , Brouze Iris F. , Steppacher Simon D. , Bastian Johannes D. , Schwab Joseph M. , Tannast Moritz 
Published: May 2021

Background:Geriatric acetabular fractures are becoming more common due to demographic changes. Compared with proximal femoral fractures, surgical treatment is more complex and often does not allow full-weight-bearing. The aims of this study were to compare operatively treated acetabular and proximal femoral fractures with regard to (1) cumulative 1-year mortality, (2) perioperative complications, and (3) predictive factors associated with a higher 1-year mortality.Methods:This institutional review board-approved comparative study included 486 consecutive surgically treated elderly patients (136 acetabular and 350 proximal femoral fractures). After matching, 2 comparable groups of 129 acetabular and 129 proximal femoral fractures were analyzed. Cumulative 1-year mortality was evaluated through Kaplan-Meier survivorship analysis, and perioperative complications were documented and graded. After confirming that the proportionality assumption was met, Cox proportional hazard modeling was conducted to identify factors associated with increased 1-year mortality.Results:The acetabular fracture group had a significantly lower cumulative 1-year mortality before matching (18% compared with 33% for proximal femoral fractures, log-rank p = 0.001) and after matching (18% compared with 36%, log-rank p = 0.005). Nevertheless, it had a significantly higher overall perioperative complication rate (68% compared with 48%, p < 0.001). In our multivariable Cox regression analysis, older age, perioperative blood loss of >1 L, and wheelchair mobilization were associated with lower survival rates after acetabular fracture surgery. Older age and a higher 5-item modified frailty index were associated with a higher 1-year mortality rate after proximal femoral fractures, whereas postoperative full weight-bearing was protective.Conclusions:Despite the complexity of operative treatment and a higher complication rate after acetabular fractures in the elderly, the 1-year mortality rate is lower than that after operative treatment of proximal femoral fractures, even after adjustment for comorbidities.Level of Evidence:TherapeuticLevel III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Dropstone deposition: Results of numerical process modeling of deformation structures, and implications for the reconstruction of the water depth in shallow lacustrine and marine successions
Authors: Bronikowska Małgorzata , Pisarska-Jamroży Małgorzata , van Loon A.J. (Tom) 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTDropstones in lacustrine and marine sediments show a wide range of sizes: from less than a millimeter to many meters. Their size and shape determine the velocity and the acceleration when they settle through the water column, and this, in turn, determines in principle the imprint that they make in the bottom sediment. Although these parameters are crucial for dropstone deposition, the unknown material (sediment) properties (like strength, porosity, pore-water content, viscosity, etc.) of the bottom sediment play a just as important role in this process as the water depth, which can physically be understood as the length of the pathway traveled vertically through a dense medium before the impact. Reconstruction of the principal environmental conditions at the time of dropstone fall and deposition consequently requires considering the variety of factors affecting the final imprint depth of a dropstone, the combination of several numerical methods.Here, we show the results of numerical modeling of dropstones with different sizes that settle through water columns with different depths. Our results show how environmental factors control the deformation structures formed at the sedimentary surface during the impact of a dropstone, and how deep the imprint caused by the settling dropstone will be.
LDLR Promotes Growth and Invasion in Renal Cell Carcinoma and Activates The EGFR Pathway
Authors: Zhang Guiming , Chen Wei , Yao Yu , Luo Lei , Sun Lijiang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Previous studies identified an association of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels and LDL receptor (LDLR) with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) development. This study investigated the expression and roles of LDLR in RCC. Methods: LDLR expression was examined in clear cell RCC (ccRCC) and adjacent normal kidney tissues, and its clinicopathological significance was analyzed. The role of LDLR in RCC cell proliferation, cell cycle and invasion were assessed in RCC cells with LDLR stable knockdown. Results: LDLR expression was higher in ccRCC tissues than in normal kidney tissues and increased with RCC progression. LDLR knockdown in RCC cells inhibited cell growth, migration and invasion and induced G1/S cell cycle arrest. We identified an interaction between LDLR and EGFR, and EGFR signaling protein expression was reduced after LDLR knockdown. Conclusions: Our findings reveal that LDLR plays an important role in RCC carcinogenesis, suggesting that LDL and LDLR might be potential targets for therapeutic intervention in RCC.
Origin, Phenotypes, and Plumage Coloration of Golden Pelung Chicken Progenies (G. gallus, Linn.1758)
Authors: Mahardhika I Wayan Swarautama , Habibah Imroatul , Perdamaian Ayudha Bahana Ilham , Trijoko  , Daryono Budi Setiadi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

Pelung chicken has extensively been studied through selective breeding and used by the local poultry sector for ornamental purposes and occasionally as meat-type chicken. However, a well-documented and detailed description of its origins, genealogical backgrounds, unique traits, and diagnostic genotyping of its unique plumage colouration has never been compiled. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a detailed description of Pelung chicken and conduct a diagnostic genotyping of the TYR gene associated with golden plumage colouration accompanied with direct visual observations in Pelung chicken.
Results

Direct visual observations of GK resulted in dominant white shank governs by two autosomal loci and one sex-linked locus. Plumage colours were divided into four variants: black-brown barred, brown-golden barred, brown, and white. Each plumage colour group governs either by both the autosomal loci and recessive sex-linked locus or only autosomal locus. The diagnostic genotyping detected the presence of intron 4 retroviral sequence insertional mutation of tyrosinase (TYR) gene in both F1 Kamper and GK. Full-length retroviral insertional mutation of the G. gallus TYR gene is associated with the appearance of recessive white (C*C/C*C) chickens, with pigmented eyes.
Conclusions

The golden Pelung chicken was originated from inbreeding crossings between F1 Kamper, the progenies of crossbreeding between Layer Lohmann Brown-Classic and Pelung chicken. Historical accounts suggested the first documentation about the possible origin of Pelung chicken located in several villages surrounding Warungkondang, Cianjur, West Java. Genealogical background of Pelung chicken referred to Thailand RJF (G. g. gallus) and the possible contribution of Javanese fowl (G. g. bankiva) to the formation of domesticated chicken breeds. The genealogical background resulted in two different taxonomical terms, G. gallus and G. gallus domesticus as a subspecies of RJF. The unique and distinctive characteristics of Pelung chicken are crowing duration and plumage colour composition. Our findings provide essential information to assist the development of MAS and conservation initiative of the Pelung chicken germplasm. Our findings provide essential information for modern chicken breeders to assist the development of MAS and conservation initiative of the Pelung chicken germplasm.
Investigating a Newly Developed Educational Orthopedic Application for Medical Interns
Authors: Daliri Mahla. , Majd Hassan M. , Moradi Ali. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundIn COVID 19 era, the literature on e-learning, or particularly m-learning, has considerably increased focusing on the subject of medical knowledge transfer. Considering the importance of orthopedic knowledge for general practitioners and the inadequacy of the orthopedics internship duration in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), we have developed and investigated a smartphone orthopedic educational application named “Orthobox”.MethodsIn a quasi-clinical before-after trial study, we investigated the benefits of Orthobox application for medical interns attending MUMS orthopedic departments. A total of 120 students (64 and 56 students in control and case groups respectively) were recruited. The application consists of five main parts of medication, common order samples, common prescriptions, cast and splint types, and educational movies. Students who passed the course without getting access to the application (control group) and students who were also using application during the course (case group) were defined, and comparison was done between them objectively through final exam score comparison and subjectively through Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) questionnaire score comparison. Besides, using case group students’ activity report provided by the application panel, correlational analysis was done on their amount of activity on each of the main parts of the application and the corresponding question exam and VAS score separately.ResultsThe case group of the study generally achieved higher final exam scores, mainly on Order question score (P value<0.001). Total VAS scores were also greater in case group (P value =0.001). It has also been identified that there is a notable positive trend between student’s amount of usage of the application and their final exam scores through correlational analysis. This correlation was not significant about students’ application visit numbers and VAS scores. ConclusionThese results suggest that m-learning has got the potential to improve students’ medical knowledge and skills by organizing must-to-learn content specified for intern students of orthopedics on one hand, and cause more satisfaction in students about their education on the other hand.Trial registration: This study was not registered because it is a quasi-clinical trial study. Level of evidence: Level III (Evidence obtained from well-designed controlled trials without randomization (i.e. quasi-experimental)
Deep Learning for Computer-aided Diagnosis of Pneumoconiosis
Authors: Wang Zheng , Qian Qingjun , Zhang Jianfang , Duo Caihong , He Wen , Zhao Liqin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: The diagnosis of pneumoconiosis relies primarily on chest radiographs and exhibits significant variability between physicians. Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) can improve the accuracy and consistency of these diagnoses. However, CAD based on machine learning requires extensive human intervention and time-consuming training. As such, deep learning has become a popular tool for the development of CAD models. In this study, the clinical applicability of CAD based on deep learning was verified for pneumoconiosis patients.Methods: Chest radiographs were collected from 5424 occupational health examiners who met the inclusion criteria. The data were divided into training, validation, and test sets. The CAD algorithm was then trained and applied to processing of the validation set, while the test set was used to evaluate diagnostic efficacy. Three junior and three senior physicians provided independent diagnoses using images from the test set and a comprehensive diagnosis for comparison with the CAD results. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of the proposed CAD system. A McNemar test was used to evaluate diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for pneumoconiosis, both before and after the use of CAD. A kappa consistency test was used to evaluate the diagnostic consistency for both the algorithm and the clinicians.Results: ROC results suggested the proposed CAD model achieved high accuracy in the diagnosis of pneumoconiosis, with a kappa value of 0.90. The sensitivity, specificity, and kappa values for the junior doctors increased from 0.86 to 0.98, 0.68 to 0.86, and 0.54 to 0.84, respectively (p<0.05), when CAD was applied. However, metrics for the senior doctors were not significantly different.Conclusion: DL-based CAD can improve the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and consistency of pneumoconiosis diagnoses, particularly for junior physicians.
Some Advances on Antagonist Effects of Grain Boundaries between the Trapping Process and the Fast Diffusion Path Investigated on Nickel Bicrystals
Authors: FEAUGAS xavier , Li jiaqi , Hallil Malek , Metsue Arnaud , Oudriss Abdelali , Bouhattate Jamaa 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Hydrogen-grain-boundaries interactions and their role in intergranular fracture are well accepted as one of the key features in understanding hydrogen embrittlement in a large variety of common engineer situations. These interactions implicate some fundamental processes classified as segregation, trapping and diffusion of the solute which can be studied as a function of grain boundary configuration. In the present study, we carried out an extensive analysis of four grain-boundaries based on the complementary of atomistic calculations and experimental data. We demonstrate that elastic deformation has an important contribution on the segregation energy which cannot be simply reduced to a volume change and need to consider the deviatoric part of strain. Additionally, some significant configurations of the segregation energy depend on the long-range elastic distortion and allows to rationalize the elastic contribution in three terms. By investigating the different energy barriers involved to reach all the segregation sites, the antagonist impact of grain boundaries on hydrogen diffusion and trapping process was elucidated. The segregation energy and migration energy are two fundamental parameters in order to classify the grain-boundaries as a trapping location or short circuit for diffusion.
A Novel Cell-Based Multiplex Immunoassay Platform
Authors: Kelsoe Garnett , Song Shengli , Manook Miriam , Kwun Jean , Jackson Annette , Knechtle Stuart 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We describe generation of stable, fluorescence-barcoded cell lines suitable for multiplex screening of antibody to membrane proteins. The utility of this cell-based system, capable of a 256-plex cell panel, is demonstrated by flow cytometry deconvolution of barcoded cell panels expressing influenza A hemagglutinin trimers, or native human CCR2 or CCR5 multi-spanning proteins and their epitope-defining mutants. This platform may prove useful for characterizing immunity and discovering antibodies to membrane-associated proteins.
Modulation of Metal Species as Early Control Point for Ni-catalyzed Stereodivergent Semihydrogenation of Alkynes with Water
Authors: Wu Yuanqi , Ao Yuhui , Liu Chunhui , Zhao Jinbo , Gao Wenyu , Li Xuemeng , Wang Hui , Liu Yongsheng , Liu Yu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A base-assisted metal species modulation mechanism enables Ni-catalyzed stereodivergent semihydrogenation of alkynes with water, delivering both olefinic isomers smoothly using cheap and nontoxic catalysts and additives. Different from most precedents, in which E-alkenes derive from the isomerization of Z-alkene products, the isomers were formed in orthogonal catalytic pathways. Mechanistic studies suggest base as a key early element in modulation of the reaction pathways: by adding different bases, nickel species with disparate valence states could be accessed to initiate two catalytic cycles toward different stereoisomers. The practicability of the method was showcased with nearly 70 examples, including internal and terminal triple bonds, enynes and diynes, affording semi-hydrogenated products in high yields and selectivity.
Cellulosic Fiber: Mechanical Fibrillation-Morphology-Rheology Relationships
Authors: Yuan Tianzhong , Zeng Jinsong , Wang Bin , Cheng Zheng , Chen Kefu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the relationship between mechanical fibrillation, morphological properties, and rheological behavior of cellulosic fiber. Three types of cellulosic fibers were obtained by adjusting mechanical fibrillation, namely squashed cellulose, incompletely nanofibrillated cellulose, and completely nanofibrillated cellulose, respectively. The squashed cellulose with large size and small aspect ratio had low entanglement capacity, thus forming a weak fiber network. The corresponding suspension exhibited low viscosity, weak elastic behavior, small yield stress, and low dynamic stability. An obviously increasing aspect ratio and entanglement capacity were observed with increasing mechanical fibrillation, resulting in entangled fiber network structure. Hence, the cellulosic fiber suspension obtained by more mechanical fibrillation exhibited higher viscosity, stronger gel-like behavior, and bigger yield stress. Moreover, the extremely entangled fiber network structure has better anti-deformation capacity and recovery capacity. We revealed the fundamental insights into the relationship between morphologies and rheological properties of cellulosic fiber, paving the way for designing cellulose-based materials.