bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mblk‐1 regulates sugar responsiveness in honey bee (Apis mellifera) foragers
Authors: Liu Fang , Wu Lixian , Zhang Yuan , Li Qiang , Li Liangbin , Huang Zachary Y. , Zhao Hongxia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBrain transcriptional regulatory network for behavior demonstrates that brain gene expression in the honey bee can be accurately predicted from the expression transcription factors (TFs), but roles for specific TFs are less understood. Mushroom bodies (MBs) are important for learning, memory and sensory integration in the honey bee brain. A TFs, Mblk‐1, expressed preferentially in the large‐type Kenyon cells of the honeybee MBs is predicted to be involved in brain function by regulating transcription of its target genes in honey bee. However, its function and the mechanism of regulation in behavior of honey bee is still obscure. Here we show that Mblk‐1 had significantly higher expression in the brains of forager bees relative to nurse bees. Mblk‐1 was significantly inhibited in bees fed small interfering RNA. In addition, inhibition of Mblk‐1 decreased sucrose responsiveness in foragers. Finally, we determined that Mblk‐1 regulated the messenger RNA of AmGR1. These findings suggest that Mblk‐1 may target AmGR1 to regulate the sucrose responsiveness of foragers.
Performance and automation of ancient DNA capture with RNA hyRAD probes
Authors: Suchan Tomasz , Kusliy Mariya A. , Khan Naveed , Chauvey Loreleï , Tonasso‐Calvière Laure , Schiavinato Stéphanie , Southon John , Keller Marcel , Kitagawa Keiko , Krause Johannes , Bessudnov Alexander N. , Bessudnov Alexander A. , Graphodatsky Alexander S. , Valenzuela‐Lamas Silvia , Wilczyński Jarosław , Pospuła Sylwia , Tunia Krzysztof , Nowak Marek , Moskal‐delHoyo Magdalena , Tishkin Alexey A. , Pryor Alexander J. E. , Outram Alan K. , Orlando Ludovic 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDNA hybridization‐capture techniques allow researchers to focus their sequencing efforts on preselected genomic regions. This feature is especially useful when analysing ancient DNA (aDNA) extracts, which are often dominated by exogenous environmental sources. Here, we assessed, for the first time, the performance of hyRAD as an inexpensive and design‐free alternative to commercial capture protocols to obtain authentic aDNA data from osseous remains. HyRAD relies on double enzymatic restriction of fresh DNA extracts to produce RNA probes that cover only a fraction of the genome and can serve as baits for capturing homologous fragments from aDNA libraries. We found that this approach could retrieve sequence data from horse remains coming from a range of preservation environments, including beyond radiocarbon range, yielding up to 146.5‐fold on‐target enrichment for aDNA extracts showing extremely low endogenous content (<1%). Performance was, however, more limited for those samples already characterized by good DNA preservation (>20%–30%), while the fraction of endogenous reads mapping on‐ and off‐target was relatively insensitive to the original endogenous DNA content. Procedures based on two instead of a single round of capture increased on‐target coverage up to 3.6‐fold. Additionally, we used methylation‐sensitive restriction enzymes to produce probes targeting hypomethylated regions, which improved data quality by reducing post‐mortem DNA damage and mapping within multicopy regions. Finally, we developed a fully automated hyRAD protocol utilizing inexpensive robotic platforms to facilitate capture processing. Overall, our work establishes hyRAD as a cost‐effective strategy to recover a set of shared orthologous variants across multiple ancient samples.
Children & Migration: Political Constructions and Contestations
Authors: Pruitt Lesley J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article demonstrates the importance of paying attention to the roles children and childhood play in policy making relating to migration, especially since the outcomes of these debates have serious implications for children and for migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers of all ages. The article considers a case study examining political representations of migrant, asylum seeker, and refugee children from 2015 to 2016 in the United Kingdom Parliament. Applying discourse analysis to Hansard records, the article demonstrates how across significant political differences, policy makers come together in painting children as victims in need of urgent protection while situating themselves and the UK as best placed to determine how to provide this security to the children in question – historically, currently, and in the future. In doing so, policy makers contribute to inaccurate essentialisations of children, and simultaneously situate the UK as a global protector of children, even when limited agreement on policy approaches exists.
Increased carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 expression in a thymic neuroendocrine tumor
Authors: Shimizu Yuki , Kanda Shintaro , Fukushima Toshirou , Kobayashi Takashi , Kondo Ryoichi , Koizumi Tomonobu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHere, we report a case of carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19‐9‐producing mediastinal neuroendocrine tumor (NET) (atypical carcinoid). A 54‐year‐old woman with no specific relevant medical history was referred to our hospital because of increased CA19‐9 (95.3 U/ml) detected on health screening. Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed an anterior mediastinal mass without localized lymphadenopathy. Thoracic surgery was performed and the histopathological diagnosis was thymic CA19‐9‐positive NET. The patient developed mediastinal lymph node metastasis at 1 year (CA19‐9: 413 U/ml) and multiple bone metastases 4 years (CA19‐9: 2303 U/ml) after surgery. Increased CA19‐9 levels paralleled the clinical courses of relapse. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CA19‐9‐producing thymic NET.
Chronic dysglycemia and risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 associated respiratory failure in hospitalized patients
Authors: Rysz Susanne , Jonsson Fagerlund Malin , Rimes‐Stigare Claire , Larsson Emma , Campoccia Jalde Francesca , Mårtensson Johan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes is common among patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2)‐induced respiratory failure. We aimed to investigate the relationship between different stages of chronic dysglycemia and development of respiratory failure in hospitalized SARS‐CoV‐2 positive patients.MethodsIn this retrospective observational study, we included 385 hospitalized SARS‐CoV‐2 positive patients at Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden with an HbA1c test obtained within 3 months before admission. Based on HbA1c level and previous diabetes history, we classified patients into the following dysglycemia categories: prediabetes, unknown diabetes, controlled diabetes, or uncontrolled diabetes. We used multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index, to assess the association between dysglycemia categories and development of SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced respiratory failure.ResultsOf the 385 study patients, 88 (22.9%) had prediabetes, 68 (17.7%) had unknown diabetes, 36 (9.4%) had controlled diabetes, and 83 (21.6%) had uncontrolled diabetes. Overall, 299 (77.7%) patients were admitted with or developed SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced respiratory failure during hospitalization. In multivariable logistic regression analysis compared with no chronic dysglycemia, prediabetes (OR 14.41, 95% CI 5.27–39.43), unknown diabetes (OR 15.86, 95% CI 4.55–55.36), and uncontrolled diabetes (OR 17.61, 95% CI 5.77–53.74) was independently associated with increased risk of SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced respiratory failure.ConclusionIn our cohort of hospitalized SARS‐CoV‐2 positive patients with available HbA1c data, prediabetes, undiagnosed diabetes, and poorly controlled diabetes were associated with a markedly increased risk of SARS‐CoV‐2‐associated respiratory failure.
A descriptive study of the surge response and outcomes of ICU patients with COVID‐19 during first wave in Nordic countries
Authors: Chew Michelle S. , Kattainen Salla , Haase Nicolai , Buanes Eirik A. , Kristinsdottir Linda B. , Hofsø Kristin , Laake Jon Henrik , Kvåle Reidar , Hästbacka Johanna , Reinikainen Matti , Bendel Stepani , Varpula Tero , Walther Sten , Perner Anders , Flaatten Hans K. , Sigurdsson Martin I. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe sought to provide a description of surge response strategies and characteristics, clinical management and outcomes of patients with severe COVID‐19 in the intensive care unit (ICU) during the first wave of the pandemic in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden.MethodsRepresentatives from the national ICU registries for each of the five countries provided clinical data and a description of the strategies to allocate ICU resources and increase the ICU capacity during the pandemic. All adult patients admitted to the ICU for COVID‐19 disease during the first wave of COVID‐19 were included. The clinical characteristics, ICU management and outcomes of individual countries were described with descriptive statistics.ResultsMost countries more than doubled their ICU capacity during the pandemic. For patients positive for SARS‐CoV‐2, the ratio of requiring ICU admission for COVID‐19 varied substantially (1.6%–6.7%). Apart from age (proportion of patients aged 65 years or over between 29% and 62%), baseline characteristics, chronic comorbidity burden and acute presentations of COVID‐19 disease were similar among the five countries. While utilization of invasive mechanical ventilation was high (59%–85%) in all countries, the proportion of patients receiving renal replacement therapy (7%–26%) and various experimental therapies for COVID‐19 disease varied substantially (e.g. use of hydroxychloroquine 0%–85%). Crude ICU mortality ranged from 11% to 33%.ConclusionThere was substantial variability in the critical care response in Nordic ICUs to the first wave of COVID‐19 pandemic, including usage of experimental medications. While ICU mortality was low in all countries, the observed variability warrants further attention.
Tools for standardized data collection: Speech, Language, and Hearing measurement protocols in the PhenX Toolkit
Authors: Morton Cynthia C. , Marazita Mary L. , Peter Beate , Rice Mabel L. , Kraft Shelly Jo , Barkmeier‐Kraemer Julie , Balaban Carey , Phillips Michael , Schoden Jennifer , Maiese Deborah , Hendershot Tabitha , Hamilton Carol M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe PhenX Toolkit (https://www.phenxtoolkit.org/) is an online catalog of recommended measurement protocols to facilitate cross‐study analyses for biomedical research. An expert review panel (ERP) reviewed and updated the PhenX Toolkit Speech and Hearing domain to improve the precision and consistency of speech, language, and hearing disorder phenotypes. A three‐member ERP convened in August 2018 to review the measurement protocols in the PhenX Speech and Hearing domain. Aided by three additional experts in voice assessment, vertigo, and stuttering, the ERP updated the 28 protocols to reflect the latest science and technology. ERP recommendations include six new protocols, five updated protocols (from the same source), and one retired protocol. New additions include two voice‐related, three hearing‐related, and two speech‐related protocols. Additions reflect new phone/tablet applications for hearing and language, and clinical evaluations of voice. “Language” was added to the domain name, which is now “Speech, Language, and Hearing,” to represent language‐related protocols. These protocols can facilitate the assessment of speech, language, and hearing in clinical and population research. Common data elements (i.e., use of the same variables across studies) used by geneticists, otolaryngologists, audiologists, speech‐language pathologists, and in other disciplines can lead to cross‐study data integration and increased statistical power when studies are combined.
PD‐L1 heterogeneity in patients with non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wei Zhigang , Fan Linlin , Yang Xia , Li Jie , Zhan Xuemei , Ye Xin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsProgrammed death receptor ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) expression has been identified as the main predictor of responsiveness to programmed death receptor‐1 (PD‐1)‐targeted immunotherapy in patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this retrospective study, we explored the inter‐ and intratumoral PD‐L1 heterogeneity in patients who received two separate pathologically verified NSCLC diagnoses at Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University and Linyi People's Hospital.MethodsPatients were classified into four groups according to the type of intra‐ and intertumoral heterogeneity: Group 1 included patients in whom primary tumor heterogeneity was observed between biopsy and surgical specimens; in Group 2, heterogeneity was observed between primary tumors and paired dissected regional lymph nodes; in Group 3, heterogeneity was observed between resected primary tumors and distant metastases or recurrent disease; in Group 4, heterogeneity was observed before and after microwave ablation. Of the 221 enrolled patients, 97, 36, 57, and 31 were allocated to groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively.ResultsSignificant heterogeneity was observed among all patients (P = 0.026) and within Group 1 (P = 0.022) when using a PD‐L1 tumor proportion score (TPS) cut‐off of 5%. However, no heterogeneity was observed in the other groups or with a PD‐L1 TPS cut‐off value of 1%.ConclusionsIntratumoral PD‐L1 expression heterogeneity between the biopsy and surgical specimens of primary tumors was more frequently detected than intertumoral heterogeneity in advanced NSCLC.
Magnetic Fe3O4@graphene oxide improves the therapeutic effects of embryonic stem cells on acute liver damage
Authors: Foroutan Tahereh , Kassaee Mohammad Zaman , Salari Mahdi , Ahmady Fatemeh , Molavi Fatemeh , Moayer Fariborz 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveAcute liver failure is usually associated with inflammation and oxidation of hepatocytes and has high mortality and resource costs. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) has occasionally been reported to have no beneficial effect due to poor transplantation and the survival of implanted cells. Recent studies showed that embryonic stem cell (ESC)‐derived MSCs are an alternative for regenerative medicine. On the other hand, graphene‐based nanostructures have proven useful in biomedicine. In this study, we investigated whether magnetic graphene oxide (MGO) improved the effects of ESC‐MSC conditioned medium (CM) on protecting hepatocytes and stimulating the regeneration of damaged liver cells.Materials and methodsTo provide a rat model of acute liver failure, male rats were injected intraperitoneally with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The rats were randomly divided into six groups, namely control, sham, CCl4, ESC‐MSC‐CM, MGO and ESC‐MSC‐CM + MGO. In the experimental groups, the rats received, depending on the group, 2 ml/kg body weight CCl4 and either ESC‐MSC‐CM with 5 × 106 MSCs or 300 μg/kg body weight MGO or both. Symptoms of acute liver failure appeared 4 days after the injection. All groups were compared and analysed both histologically and biochemically 4 days after the injection. Finally, the results of ESC‐MSC‐CM and MSC‐CM were compared.ResultsThe results indicated that the use of MGO enhanced the effect of ESC‐MSC‐CM on reducing necrosis, inflammation, aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase in the CCl4‐induced liver failure of the rat model. Also, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) was significantly upregulated after treatment with MGO. Also, the results showed that the ESC‐MSC‐CM has more efficient effective compared to MSC‐CM.ConclusionMagnetic graphene oxide improved the hepatoprotective effects of ESC‐MSC‐CM on acute liver damage, probably by suppressing necrosis, apoptosis and inflammation of hepatocytes.
Characterization of heart rate variability and oxygen saturation in sepsis patients
Authors: Al‐Mualemi Bilal Yaseen , Lu Lu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOne of the most major and common health crises which occur across all the hospitals, worldwide, is seen to be sepsis that occurs in patients. However, despite its wide prevalence no novel tool has been devised for predicting its occurrence. An accurate and early prediction of sepsis in the patients could significantly help the physicians administer proper treatment and decrease the uncertain diagnosis. Some machine‐learning‐based models or schemes can help in identifying the potential clinical variables and display a better performance compared to the prevailing conventional low‐performance models. In this study, a machine learning‐based scheme for fast and accurate sepsis identification was proposed. This scheme employed the power spectrum and mean estimation for data record intervals, which were then classified for reaching the final decision. For a 72‐h interval, the obtained detection accuracy was 94.2% that shows very good sign to use it as a fast and robust sepsis identification.
Net effects of conservation agriculture principles on sustainable land use: A synthesis
Authors: Xiao Liangang , Kuhn Nikolaus J. , Zhao Rongqin , Cao Lianhai 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDespite the strong recommendations from scientists, to till or not to till remains a confusing question for many farmers around the world due to the worries of crop yield decline and negative impacts on soils and environment. A confused understanding of the role of the individual principles of conservation agriculture significantly limits the effectiveness and applicability of soil conservation strategies and frameworks to achieve sustainable agriculture. By distinguishing clearly between the different principles of conservation agriculture, the net effects of no‐tillage on improving and sustaining agro‐ecosystems are analyzed based on 49 recent meta‐analyses in this study. The review shows that no‐tillage leads to a significant decline of crop yield (−8.0% to 10.0%, median: −1.9%), whereas residue retention represents the key driver for improving crop production (4.0%–28.0%, median: 8.2%). The efficacy of no‐tillage for water erosion control, especially runoff (−24.0% to −0.7%, median: −10.0%), is often insignificant and otherwise lower compared to residue retention (−87.0% to −14.0%, median: −45.5%). Soil carbon sequestration potential under conservation tillage is quite limited or even close to zero, and if any, it can likely be attributed to the associated residue retention (−0.1% to 12.8%, median: 9.7%) rather than no‐tillage (−2.0% to 10.0%, median: 4.8%). Our analysis illustrates that in conservation agriculture, no‐tillage as the original and central principle of soil management is often less effective than associated supplementary measures, in particular residue retention. Residue retention may therefore play a key role for achieving sustainable land use. An additional benefit of residue retention is the less dramatic change of farming practices compared to no‐tillage. The results of this review illustrate that a new framework for assessing the benefits of conservation practices has to be developed. To till, or not to till, is not the question: residue retention seems more critical.
Did she have an epidural? The long‐term consequences of postdural puncture headache and the role of unintended dural puncture
Authors: Barad Meredith , Carroll Ian , Reina Miguel A. , Ansari Jessica , Flood Pamela 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis narrative literature review examines the long‐term impact of postdural puncture headache (PDPH) in postpartum women following an unintended dural puncture (UDP) with a large bore needle commonly used for epidural catheter placement. It seeks to bridge the knowledge gap for the neurologist as to the mounting body of obstetric anesthesia literature on the development of chronic headache after PDPH with this unique needle.BackgroundHeadache is the most common complication of dural puncture, and the risk is greatest in the parturient population. Preexisting risk factors for this population include youth and sex, and after UDP with a large bore needle, almost 70%–80% report a headache. Additionally, there appears to be a significant cohort who experience long‐term, persistent headache after UDP.MethodsWe performed a narrative review of literature using PubMed, searching terms that included long‐term follow‐up after UDP with a large bore needle in the postpartum population.ResultsIn women who had UDP with a large bore needle used for epidural catheter placement at delivery, the rate of chronic debilitating headache is around 30% in the months following delivery and may persist for up to a year or longer.ConclusionBased on the existing literature, we have mounting evidence that UDP with the large bore needle used to place an epidural catheter should be understood as a high‐risk inciting event for the development of long‐term headaches not simply a high risk of acute PDPH. Additionally, consideration should be given to stratifying the etiology of PDPH, based on needle type, and recognizing the entity of chronic PDPH, thus allowing for improvements in research and diagnosis.
Perspectives of patients with depression and chronic pain about bone health after a fragility fracture: A qualitative study
Authors: Sale Joanna E. M. , Gignac Monique , Frankel Lucy , Thielke Stephen , Bogoch Earl , Elliot‐Gibson Victoria , Hawker Gillian , Funnell Larry 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundCompromised bone health is often associated with depression and chronic pain.ObjectiveTo examine: (1) the experience of existing depression and chronic nonfracture pain in patients with a fragility fracture; and (2) the effects of the fracture on depression and pain.DesignA phenomenological study guided by Giorgi's analytical procedures.Setting and ParticipantsFracture patients who reported taking prescription medication for one or more comorbidities, excluding compromised bone health.Main Variables StudiedPatients were interviewed within 6 weeks of their fracture, and 1 year later. Interview questions addressed the recent fracture and patients' experience with bone health and their other health conditions, such as depression and chronic pain, including the medications taken for these conditions.ResultsTwenty‐six patients (5 men, 21 women) aged 45–84 years old with hip (n = 5) and nonhip (n = 21) fractures were recruited. Twenty‐one participants reported depression and/or chronic nonfracture pain, of which seven reported having both depression and chronic pain. Two themes were consistent, based on our analysis: (1) depression and chronic pain overshadowed attention to bone health; and (2) the fracture exacerbated reported experiences of existing depression and chronic pain.ConclusionExperiences with depression and pain take priority over bone health and may worsen as a result of the fracture. Health care providers treating fragility fractures might ask patients about depression and pain and take appropriate steps to address patients' more general emotional and physical state.Patient ContributionA patient representative was involved in the study conception, data interpretation and manuscript writing.