bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
POLYSUBSTANCE USE IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
Authors: Bogale Kaleb , Vrana Kent , Raup-Konsavage Wesley , Walter Vonn , Stuart August , Dalessio Shannon , Koltun Walter , Bernasko Nana , Tinsley Andrew , Williams Emmanuelle , Clarke Kofi , Coates Matthew 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Polysubstance Use (PSU), the use of two or more substances of abuse, has been associated with increased risk for development of psychiatric conditions and early death compared to both monosubstance use or no substance use. The vast majority of clinical research on prescription or recreational drug consumption in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including both Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), has focused on use of individual substances. We evaluated the incidence and impact of PSU in IBD and assessed potential predisposing factors in this setting.

Methods
We performed a retrospective analysis using a consented IBD natural history registry from a single tertiary care referral center between 1/1/2015–8/31/2019. Demographics, endoscopic severity (using Mayo endoscopy sub-score for UC and Simple Endoscopic Score for CD), totals and sub-scores of surveys (Harvey-Bradshaw Index, Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Short IBD Questionnaire) assessing for symptoms (abdominal pain, fatigue, anxiety/depression, gas, diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and fecal urgency), substance use (tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, methamphetamine, heroin, opiates, or benzodiazepine), and antidepressant or anxiolytic medication were abstracted. PSU was defined as concurrent use of two or more non-prescription drugs or substances, and healthcare resource utilization was defined as any IBD-related imaging, emergency room visit, hospitalization, or surgery over the prior 12 months. We computed descriptive statistics and performed contingency table analyses in order to identify associations between PSU and a variety of demographic and clinical characteristics. Multivariable logistic regression models were fit incorporating the clinical factors described above.

Results
315 consecutively enrolled IBD patients (166f:149m; 214 CD and 101 UC) were included. Sixty-six patients (21.0%) were polysubstance users. Of these patients, 40.9% had moderate to severe disease activity, 47.0% had extra-intestinal manifestations (EIM), and 36.4% demonstrated an anxious or depressed state. EIM and antidepressant or anxiolytic use were positively associated with PSU on bivariate analysis (Table 1) and multivariable analysis (Table 2).

Conclusions
PSU is common in IBD, including both CD and UC. Interestingly, disease activity, IBD therapy type, and IBD-related symptoms were not associated with PSU. EIM and antidepressant or anxiolytic use were the only statistically significant predictors of PSU among patients with IBD in the multivariable logistic regression models. Our study represents the first evaluation of PSU within IBD and reinforces the importance of appropriate substance use screening among IBD patients, particularly among those with EIM and antidepressant or anxiolytic use.
THE EVALUATION OF SERUM SEROTONIN LEVEL AMONG PATIENTS WITH CROHN’S DISEASE AND ITS IMPACT ON QUALITY OF LIFE
Authors: Sochal Marcin , Bialasiewicz Piotr , Gabryelska Agata , Talar-Wojnarowska Renata , Fichna Jakub , Szmyd Bartosz , Malecka-Panas Ewa 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background and aims
Serotonin affects intestinal physiology, mood, as well as circadian rhythm. Moreover, serotonin has proinflammatory function. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of serotonin in clinical severity of Crohn’s Disease (CD) and its effect on pain and sleep quality.

Methods
Fifty-nine CD patients (34 in exacerbation and 25 in remission according to the Harvey-Bradshaw Index-HBI) and 25 health control individuals(HC) were recruited. Sleep quality was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and subjective severity of pain by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Seventeen patients were treated with anti-TNF-α induction therapy for 14 weeks.

Results
Serotonin level was higher in CD (145.12ng/mL, IQR:98.14–179.25) compared to HC (87.52ng/mL, IQR:70.04–129.39; p=0.002) and in exacerbation of CD (157.66ng/mL, IQR:111.94–197.64) compared to remission (122.33ng/mL, IQR:83.28–163.67; p=0.029). Serotonin level with cut-off point of 92.45 ng/mL is useful for distinguishing participants with CD from HC (sensitivity: 78%, specificity: 60%, positive predictive value: 82%). Positive correlation between serotonin and HBI (r=0.279, p=0.032) and severity of diarrhoea (r=0.260, p=0.047) were found. Serotonin does not correlate with PSQI (r=0.152, p=0.168), but correlates with presence of sleep fragmentation for example by getting up to use the bathroom (joined 5b-5j PSQI questions; r=0.270, p=0.039). Correlations between serotonin and VAS were also obtained (r=0.220, p=0.045). Moreover, serotonin level significantly decreased after anti-TNF-α therapy (192.35ng/mL, IQR:150.36–225.56 vs. 121.11ng/mL, IQR:91.28–188.87; p=0.006). The study was funded by National Science Centre, Poland (#2018/31/N/NZ5/03715).

Conclusions
Serotonin level correlates with the severity of CD and decreases after anti-TNF-α therapy. It is associated with sleep fragmentation, which may be caused by diarrhea.
USTEKINUMAB FOR CHRONIC GRANULOMATOUS DISEASE-ASSOCIATED INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
Authors: Bhattacharya Sumona , Marciano Beatriz , Malech Harry , Holland Steven , De Ravin Suk See , Zerbe Christa , Heller Theo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare immunodeficiency caused by mutations in the NADPH oxidase complex. Dysregulated immune function may cause inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Patients with CGD-associated IBD may not respond to or may develop serious infections as a result of traditional IBD therapies such as vedolizumab and infliximab. Ustekinumab is approved for use in Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis however there is scarce data on its efficacy and safety in CGD.

Aims
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ustekinumab for CGD-associated IBD.

Methods
A retrospective chart review was conducted on CGD patients followed at a single center who had consented to participate in a natural history study. Clinical, laboratory, and endoscopic data were extracted in those that had received ustekinumab for IBD.

Results
Eight patients were found. Four were male and four were female. Five were white, one was Asian, one was black, and one was mixed race. Median age at diagnosis of CGD was 3 years (IQR 8) and of IBD was 15.5 years (IQR 20). Median age at initiation of ustekinumab was 27.5 years (IQR 14) and median duration on ustekinumab was 10 months (IQR 7). Six had colonic disease, two had ileocolonic disease, and six had perianal disease. Six failed other biologics (n=5 for vedolizumab, n=1 for infliximab, n=1 for adalimumab). Six patients symptomatically improved whereas two had no improvement. Changes in hemoglobin and C-reactive protein were equivocal. Three patients had improved endoscopic findings, two had unimproved findings, and three patients lacked this data. Overall, four patients achieved clinical remission. However, none of the five patients with endoscopic reevaluation achieved endoscopic remission. Three patients discontinued therapy due to lack of response: two required surgery and one underwent stem cell transplant. Fungal pneumonia (n=2), otitis media (n=1), oral herpes simplex virus 1 (n=1), and viral gastroenteritis (n=1) were reported. One infusion reaction occurred.

Discussion
In our cohort of eight patients with CGD-associated IBD receiving ustekinumab, results were mixed with four patients experiencing some degree of clinical or endoscopic improvement including four who achieved clinical remission. Multiple CGD-related variables may account for the mixed laboratory findings. Four of the five patients with endoscopic reevaluation had pre-existing strictures that would be unlikely to reverse with medical therapy alone. Of these, two had otherwise resolved endoscopic inflammation. Only two patients had no endoscopic improvement. Two serious infections occurred however CGD confers increased infectious susceptibility and no infections lead to discontinuation of therapy. Given these promising results, further formalized study of ustekinumab in CGD-associated IBD is needed.
X-ray-free protocol for pectus deformities based on magnetic resonance imaging and a low-cost portable three-dimensional scanning device: a preliminary study
Authors: Guillot Marc-Samir , Rouchaud Aymeric , Mounayer Charbel , Tricard Jérémy , Belgacem Alexis , Auditeau Emilie , Omraam Olivier , Fourcade Laurent , Ballouhey Quentin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
To compare a standard protocol using chest computed tomography (CT) to a non-irradiant protocol involving a low-cost portable 3D scanner and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for all pectus deformities based on the Haller index (HI).

METHODS
From April 2019 to March 2020, all children treated for pectus excavatum or carinatum at our institution were evaluated by chest CT, 3D scanning (iPad with Structure Sensor and Captevia—Rodin4D) and MRI. The main objectives were to compare the HI determined by CT or MRI to a derived index evaluated with 3D scanning, the external Haller index (EHI). The secondary objectives were to assess the inter-rater variability and the concordance between CT and MRI for the HI and the correction index.

RESULTS
Eleven patients were evaluated. We identified a strong correlation between the HI with MRI and the EHI (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.900; P &lt; 0.001), with a strong concordance between a radiologist and a non-radiologist using intra-class correlation for the HI with MRI (intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.995; [0.983; 0.999]) and the EHI (intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.978; [0.823; 0.995]). We also identified a marked correlation between the HI with CT and the EHI (Pearson coefficient = 0.855; P = 0.002), with a strong inter-rater concordance (intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.975; [0.901; 0.993]), a reliable concordance between CT and MRI for the HI and the correction index (Pearson coefficient = 0.886; P = 0.033).

CONCLUSIONS
Non-irradiant pectus deformity assessment is possible in clinical practice, replacing CT with MRI and 3D scanning as a possible readily-accessible monitoring tool.
An aorto-oesophageal fistula treated with total arch repair combined with oesophageal repair
Authors: Wang Chaojie , Lei Liming , Zhang Wenqian , Fan Xiaoping 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Aorto-oesophageal fistula is a rare but fatal disease. Open surgical repair or endotube repair of aorta and oesophagus save patients from circulatory deterioration, major haematemesis and severe infection. Here we present a rare case of an aorto-oesophageal fistula in the right hemi-arch caused by a fish bone treated with an alternative surgical strategy. Total aortic arch repair using the frozen elephant trunk procedure combined with oesophageal repair were performed. No aortic fistula, oesophageal fistula or artificial graft infection occurred in the follow-up.
Stability results on radial porous media and Hele-Shaw flows with variable viscosity between two moving interfaces
Authors: Gin Craig , Daripa Prabir 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe perform a linear stability analysis of three-layer radial porous media and Hele-Shaw flows with variable viscosity in the middle layer. A nonlinear change of variables results in an eigenvalue problem that has time-dependent coefficients and eigenvalue-dependent boundary conditions. We study this eigenvalue problem and find upper bounds on the spectrum. We also give a characterization of the eigenvalues and prescribe a measure for which the eigenfunctions form an orthonormal basis of the corresponding $L^2$ space. This allows for any initial perturbation of the interfaces and viscosity profile to be easily expanded in terms of the eigenfunctions by using the inner product of the $L^2$ space, thus providing an efficient method for simulating the growth of the perturbations via the linear theory. The limit as the viscosity gradient goes to zero is compared with previous results on multi-layer radial flows. We then numerically compute the eigenvalues and obtain, among other results, optimal profiles within certain classes of functions.
French Abstracts
Authors: Melissa Baysari , Bethany Van Dort , Mirela Prgomet , Wu Yi Zheng , Magda Raban , Luciano Dalla-Pozza , Cheryl Mccullagh , Johanna Westbrook 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Problème de qualité: les trajets de soin des patients doivent être organisés en fonction des besoins de ces derniers.
Objectif: selon le principe du compromis entre efficacité et rigueur (ETTO, efficiency-thoroughness trade-off), les personnes et les organisations sont souvent obligées de faire un compromis entre être efficace et être rigoureux, car il est difficile d’être à la fois efficace et rigoureux. Cette étude visait à comparer, avant la mise en place de la gestion électronique des médicaments, comment un système de gestion électronique des médicaments pourrait influencer l’efficacité et la rigueur aux expériences post-mise en place de la gestion électronique des médicaments avec le système de gestion électronique et l’ETTO.
Plan: étude qualitative par entretien.
Contexte: centre d’oncologie pédiatrique dans un grand hôpital universitaire tertiaire de pédiatrie à Sydney, Australie.
Participants: 44 entretiens semi-directifs avec des médecins, infirmiers/ères et pharmacien/nes six mois avant et deux ans après la mise en place d’un système de gestion électronique des médicaments.
Résultats: avant la mise en place de la gestion électronique des médicaments, le personnel a identifié les domaines de travail pour lesquels était attendue une amélioration à la fois de l’efficacité et de la rigueur grâce à la gestion électronique des médicaments. Ces domaines incluaient l’accessibilité du dossier de médicaments ainsi que l’organisation et la lisibilité des informations sur les médicaments. Après la mise en œuvre de la gestion électronique des médicaments, le personnel a rapporté des améliorations dans ces domaines. Cependant, le système de gestion électronique des médicaments a été perçu comme apportant des bénéfices en termes de rigueur (sécurité) aux dépens de l’efficacité (temps). Les mesures visant à améliorer la sécurité dans le système de gestion électronique des médicaments ont mis en place des processus chronophages, comme des procédures de double vérification des médicaments.
Conclusions: globalement, le personnel était conscient de l’interaction concurrentielle entre la rigueur et l’efficacité et a rapporté que l’introduction d’un système de gestion électronique des médicaments a imposé des processus en faveur de l’amélioration de la rigueur, aux dépens de l’efficacité.
Processing index of barley grain and dietary undigested neutral detergent fiber concentration affected chewing behavior, ruminal pH, and total tract nutrient digestibility of heifers fed a high-grain diet
Authors: Ran Tao , Saleem Atef M , Beauchemin Karen A , Penner Gregory B , Yang Wenzhu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of processing index (PI) of barley grain and dietary undigested neutral detergent fiber (uNDF) concentration on dry matter (DM) intake, chewing activity, ruminal pH and fermentation characteristics, total tract digestibility, gastrointestinal barrier function, and blood metabolites of finishing beef heifers. The PI was measured as the density after processing expressed as a percentage of the density before processing, and a smaller PI equates to a more extensively processed. Six ruminally cannulated heifers (average body weight, 715 ± 29 kg) were used in a 6 × 6 Latin square design with three PI (65%, 75%, and 85%) × 2 uNDF concentration (low and high; 4.6% vs. 5.6% of DM) factorial arrangement. The heifers were fed ad libitum a total mixed ration consisting of 10% barley silage (low uNDF), or 5% silage and 5% straw (high uNDF), 87% dry-rolled barley grain, and 3% mineral and vitamin supplements. Interactions (P &lt; 0.01) of PI × uNDF were observed for DM intake, ruminating and total chewing time, and DM digestibility in the total digestive tract. Intake of DM, organic matter (OM), starch, and crude protein (CP) did not differ (P &gt; 0.14) between low and high uNDF diets, but intakes of NDF and acid detergent fiber were greater (P = 0.01) for high uNDF diets regardless of barley PI. Heifers fed high uNDF diets had longer (P = 0.05) eating times (min/d or min/kg DM) and tended (P = 0.10) to have longer total chewing times (min/kg DM) than those fed low uNDF diets. Additionally, heifers sorted (P = 0.01) against long particles (&gt;19 mm) for high uNDF diets but not for low uNDF diets. Altering PI of barley grain did not affect (P &gt; 0.12) total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration, molar percentages of individual VFA, or duration of ruminal pH &lt; 5.8 and &lt;5.6. Total VFA concentration was less (P = 0.01), acetate percentage was greater (P = 0.01), and duration of ruminal pH &lt; 5.8 and &lt;5.6 was less (P = 0.05) for high compared with low uNDF diets. Digestibility of DM, OM, and CP was greater (P = 0.02) for low vs. high uNDF diets with PI of 65% and 75%, with no difference between low and high uNDF diets at PI of 85%. Blood metabolites and gastrointestinal tract barrier function were not affected (P ≥ 0.10) by the treatments. These results suggest that increasing dietary uNDF concentration is an effective strategy to improve ruminal pH status in finishing cattle, regardless of the extent of grain processing, whereas manipulating the extent of barley processing did not reduce the risk of ruminal acidosis.
Associations between immune competence phenotype and feedlot health and productivity in Angus cattle
Authors: Hine Brad C , Bell Amy M , Niemeyer Dominic D O , Duff Christian J , Butcher Nick M , Dominik Sonja , Porto-Neto Laercio R , Li Yutao , Reverter Antonio , Ingham Aaron B , Colditz Ian G 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGenetic strategies aimed at improving general immune competence (IC) have the potential to reduce the incidence and severity of disease in beef production systems, with resulting benefits of improved animal health and welfare and reduced reliance on antibiotics to prevent and treat disease. Implementation of such strategies first requires that methodologies be developed to phenotype animals for IC and demonstration that these phenotypes are associated with health outcomes. We have developed a methodology to identify IC phenotypes in beef steers during the yard weaning period, which is both practical to apply on-farm and does not restrict the future sale of tested animals. In the current study, a total of 838 Angus steers, previously IC phenotyped at weaning, were categorized as low (n = 98), average (n = 653), or high (n = 88) for the IC phenotype. Detailed health and productivity data were collected on all steers during feedlot finishing, and associations between IC phenotype, health outcomes, and productivity were investigated. A favorable association between IC phenotype and number of mortalities during feedlot finishing was observed with higher mortalities recorded in low IC steers (6.1%) as compared with average (1.2%, P &lt; 0.001) or high (0%, P = 0.018) IC steers. Disease incidence was numerically highest in low IC steers (15.3 cases/100 animals) and similar in average IC steers (10.1 cases/100 animals) and high IC steers (10.2 cases/100 animals); however, differences between groups were not significant. No significant influence of IC phenotype on average daily gain was observed, suggesting that selection for improved IC is unlikely to incur a significant penalty to production. The potential economic benefits of selecting for IC in the feedlot production environment were calculated. Health-associated costs were calculated as the sum of lost production costs, lost capital investment costs, and disease treatment costs. Based on these calculations, health-associated costs were estimated at AUS$103/head in low IC steers, AUS$25/head in average IC steers, and AUS$4/head in high IC steers, respectively. These findings suggest that selection for IC has the potential to reduce mortalities during feedlot finishing and, as a consequence, improve the health and welfare of cattle in the feedlot production environment and reduce health-associated costs incurred by feedlot operators.
Assessing the Impact of 41 Years of Forest Management on Native Wildlife Habitat in Minnesota, USA
Authors: Zobel John M , Ek Alan R , Edgar Christopher B 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOver the last four decades, forest management goals have transitioned to multiuse objectives, begging the question of their impact on wildlife habitat. Using USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis data and the WHINGS (Wildlife Habitat Indicator for Native Genera and Species) model, the trends in wildlife habitat were quantified from 1977 to 2018 across Minnesota. Statewide, 35.5% of species experienced significant improvement in habitat, 29% significant reductions, and 35.5% nonsignificant change. The extent of habitat (acreage) increased for 100% of species, but the quality declined for 63% of species. Results were explained by the reduction in acreage of larger size classes of the aspen, balsam, and birch forest type and increases in smaller, younger forest area. Specifically, forest management that converted aspen stands to other forest types benefited certain wildlife species over others. Future forest management should consider the balance between the habitat requirements of the diverse native species in Minnesota.Study ImplicationsTrends in forest wildlife habitat over the last four decades across Minnesota highlight that forest management often favors one species at the expense of another. Statewide, wildlife species with preferences for larger, older aspen experienced diminished habitat, whereas habitat for species preferring younger forest types or older nonaspen types increased. Regionally, the forested ecoregions in Minnesota (northeast) generally saw reduced habitat, whereas the prairie/agricultural regions (south and northwest) saw the largest increases. Through this and further applications, forest and wildlife managers can rapidly assess the habitat implications of proposed management, whether for environmental review, forest planning, or harvest scheduling.
Anomalous anatomic trajectory of the superior thyroid artery encountered during thyroidectomy. A rare case report
Authors: Zarokosta Maria , Foutsitzi Aikaterini , Mpartziotas Iraklis , Manthas Alexandros , Tsiaoussis John , Mariolis-Sapsakos Theodoros 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Superior thyroid artery (STA), which is one of the primary arteries supplying to the thyroid gland, constitutes a severe consideration of both surgeons and interventional radiologists. Knowledge of the origin, the trajectory, the branching patterns and the anatomic aberrations of STA are of paramount clinical significance, due to its proximity to the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve and the potentiality of accidental hemorrhage. The present manuscript reports for the first time the anomalous trajectory of the left STA, coursing superficially, through the left sternothyroid muscle and underlines the clinical significance of such aberrations.