bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adolescents' use of online texts about US immigration: recognizing deeply personal meaning‐making
Authors: Rice Mary F. , Stevens Mark 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAdolescents need help locating and evaluating information about immigration that reflects a panoply of views – particularly views that have been ignored in traditional texts. The purpose of this study was to gain insight into adolescents' engagement with online texts on the topic of immigration and associated concepts as they worked to develop critical digital literacies. The research question for this study was: How do adolescents make meaning about the political issue of immigration as they engage with and respond to online texts? As a theoretical framework, we used Barthes' notions ofpunctumandstudiumto illuminate how meaning was made in moments of deep engagement versus momentary reflection. During this study, meaning was made as students (1) clarified collective understandings in small groups, (2) confirmed or contrasted using personal experiences, and (3) held conclusions against a multiplicity of conceptual understandings aboutimmigrantsandimmigration. These findings illustrate the need to support adolescents, not only with multiple texts but also with multiple opportunities to consider and reconsider the texts in the context of their own experience with immigration.
Oral cancer development in lichen planus and related conditions—3.0 evidence level: A systematic review of systematic reviews
Authors: Ramos‐García Pablo , González‐Moles Miguel Ángel , Warnakulasuriya Saman 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA systematic review of systematic reviews—aka overview of reviews, a novel type of study design providing a tertiary level of evidence—is presented on systematic reviews (SR) and meta‐analyses (MTA) evaluating the cancer development in oral lichen planus (OLP), oral lichenoid lesions (OLL), and oral lichenoid reactions (OLR). We searched for SR‐MTA published before January 2021. We evaluated the methodological quality of SR‐MTA using AMSTAR2 and checked the quality of evidence. Inclusion criteria were met by seven SR‐MTA. Oral cancer ratios ranged between 0.44% and 2.28% for OLP, between 1.88% and 3.80% for OLL, and 1.71% for OLR. Significant factors on cancer development reported in SR‐MTA were the presence of epithelial dysplasia, the consumption of tobacco and alcohol, the infection by the hepatitis C virus, the presence of atrophic and erosive lesions, and the location on the tongue. Only, one of the SRs assessed the quality of evidence, and most of them were judged to be of critically low methodological quality. In conclusion, based on the reported evidence on cancer incidence in OLP, our results reaffirm classifying OLP as an oral potentially malignant disorder. In relation to OLLs and OLRs, larger studies are necessary to provide further scientific evidence in this regard. Future follow‐up studies on OLP and related lesions should be carried out under stricter criteria that improve their quality of evidence and methodological quality.
Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes as Mitochondria‐targeting Photosensitizers against Cisplatin‐resistant Cells†
Authors: Xiong Kai , Zhou Ying , Lin Xinlin , Kou Junfeng , Lin Mingwei , Guan Ruilin , Chen Yu , Ji Liangnian , Chao Hui 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFour iridium (III) complexes Ir1‐Ir4 were synthesized and characterized. Possessing high singlet oxygen production ability and specific mitochondria‐localization, Ir1 was developed as a mitochondria‐targeting photosensitizer. Ir1 exhibited strong phototoxicity against cancer cell line A549 and its corresponding cisplatin‐resistant one A549R. In contrast, Ir1 showed low cytotoxicity toward normal cell HLF. This selectivity resulted from the different uptake amount. With 405 nm irradiation, Ir1 induced mitochondria‐mediated cell death in A549R cells, achieving the overcome of drug‐resistant.
Migrants, State Responsibilities, and Human Dignity
Authors: Brownsword Roger 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article addresses two questions: First, how does the value of human dignity distinctively bear on a state’s responsibilities in relation to migrants; and, secondly, how serious a wrong is it when a state fails to respect the dignity of migrants? In response to these questions, a view is presented about the distinction between wrongs that violate cosmopolitan standards and wrongs that violate the standards that are distinctive to a particular community; about when and how the contested concept of human dignity might be engaged; and, elaborating a three‐tiered and lexically ordered scheme of state responsibilities, about how we should assess the seriousness of a state’s failure to respect the dignity of migrants.
Can central bank communication help to stabilise inflation expectations?
Authors: Jung Alexander , Kuehl Patrick 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper examines whether central bank communication stabilises euro area inflation expectations through the information and news channel. A novelty of the study is its use of data from Google Analytics on ECB website traffic as proxy for visitors’ attention to its communication. We conduct several econometric tests with daily data to measure the impact of ECB communication on the information demand of the public and ultimately on inflation expectations. Overall, this study shows that website attention, as captured by search volumes of visitors, influences euro area inflation expectations. We find that increased website attention contributes to narrowing the gap between market‐based forecasts and (the mean of) longer‐term professional inflation expectations. Our findings add to the theoretical evidence on the existence of an information and news channel.
Sprinting, Strength, and Architectural Adaptations Following Hamstring Training in Australian Footballers
Authors: Timmins Ryan G. , Filopoulos Dean , Nguyen Victor , Giannakis Jake , Ruddy Joshua D. , Hickey Jack T. , Maniar Nirav , Opar David A. 
Published: February 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the sprinting, strength, and architectural adaptations following a hip‐dominant flywheel (FLY) or Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) intervention in Australian footballers. Twenty‐seven male athletes were randomized to FLY (n = 13) or NHE (n = 14) training across a 39‐week period (inclusive of pre‐season and in‐season). Biceps femoris long head (BFlh) architecture was assessed throughout. Eccentric hamstring strength and 40 m sprint times (with force‐velocity profiling) were assessed at baseline, end of pre‐season, and following the intervention. After the intervention, BFlh fascicle length was longer in both groups compared to baseline (FLY: 1.16 cm, 95%CI: 0.66 to 1.66 cm, d = 1.99, p < 0.001; NHE: 1.08 cm, 95%CI: 95%CI 0.54 to 1.61 cm, d = 1.73, p < 0.001). Both groups also increased their eccentric strength (FLY: mean change 82 N, 95%CI 12 to 152 N, d = 1.34, p = 0.026; NHE: mean change 97 N, 95%CI 47 to 146 N, d = 1.77, p = 0.001). After pre‐season, the NHE group improved their 5 m sprint time by 3.5% (±1.2%) and were 3.7% (±1.4%) and 2.0% (±0.5%) faster than the FLY group across 5 m and 10 m, respectively. At the end of pre‐season, the FLY group improved maximal velocity by 3.4% (±1.4%) and improved horizontal force production by 9.7% in‐season (±2.2%). Both a FLY and NHE intervention increase BFlh fascicle length and eccentric strength in Australian Footballers. An NHE intervention led to enhanced acceleration capacity. A FLY intervention was suggested to improve maximal sprint velocity and horizontal force production, without changes in sprint times. These findings have implications for hamstring injury prevention but also programs aimed at improving sprint performance.
Expression and prognostic value of TRPM7 in canine mammary tumours
Authors: Lee Seulji , Lee Sungin , Kim Wan Hee 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCanine mammary gland tumour (CMTs) are one of the most commonly found tumours in intact female dogs. A previous study on canine mammary glands demonstrated the presence of the transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) ion channels in healthy canine mammary tissues. However, the significance of TRPM7 in CMT is not yet known. TRPM7 is a Ca2+ and Mg2+ permeable cation channel that contains a protein kinase domain. The aim of this study was to determine TRPM7 expression in 57 benign and malignant CMT tissues of dogs using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and evaluate its correlation with clinicopathological features and explore the potential prognostic value of TRPM7 in a prospective survival study. IHC analysis shows that TRPM7 was expressed in the cytoplasm of neoplastic epithelial cells. Moreover, TRPM7 expression was significantly associated with tumour malignancy (P = .027), Ki‐67 index (P < .0001) and metastasis (P < .0001). Survival curve analysis indicates that high TRPM7 expression was significantly associated with poor disease‐free (P = .035) and overall survival (P = .011) in malignant CMTs. Our results demonstrate that TRPM7 is expressed in CMTs and that its expression is positively correlated with clinicopathological parameters. Thus, TRPM7 was assumed to be a potential prognostic factor for CMTs.
Assessing the inactivation capabilities of two commercially available platelet component pathogen inactivation systems: effectiveness at end of shelf life
Authors: McDonald Carl P. , Bearne Jennifer , Aplin Kate , Sawicka Danuta 
Published: February 2021

Background and objectivesThe inactivation capabilities of the two current commercially available pathogen inactivation (PI) systems for platelet components (PC), Mirasol and Intercept, were investigated by determination of the absence of viable bacteria at the end of shelf life by testing the entire contents of the PC by enrichment culture (terminal sterility).MethodsA pool‐and‐split method was used, with two treated units and one untreated control per inoculum concentration. Pairs of PC bags were inoculated with a single bacterial species. Three concentrations (n = 2 per concentration), which incremented tenfold, were tested initially based on published data from the manufacturer. Dependent on these results, the concentrations subsequently tested were either increased or decreased until the inactivation capability of the system was derived. Bacterial count was determined post‐spiking, immediately prior to treatment (2 h from spiking), immediately after treatment and at the end of shelf life (day seven). Enrichment culture was performed immediately prior to treatment, after treatment and at the end of shelf life.ResultsThe inactivation capabilities, in CFU/ml, of Intercept and Mirasol, respectively, at the end of PC shelf life were as follows: Staphylococcus aureus ≥ 107, <101; Staphylococcus epidermidis ≥106, <102; Klebsiella pneumoniae 105, <101; Streptococcus bovis ≥107, 101, Escherichia coli ≥106, <101; Streptococcus pneumoniae ≥106, 103; Streptococcus mitis ≥107, 101; Listeria monocytogenes ≥107, 101; Streptococcus dysgalactiae ≥107, <101; Serratia marcescens 103, <101; Pseudomonas aeruginosa 103, Mirasol not tested; and Bacillus cereus < 102, Mirasol not tested.ConclusionThe inactivation capability of Intercept was greater than that of Mirasol. Inactivation capability (by terminal sterility) is the most meaningful measure to evaluate a PI system for bacteria, rather than logarithmic reduction assessed immediately after treatment by plate count. PI offers a possible alternative to bacterial screening if treatment is performed at an appropriate time dependent on the inactivation capabilities of the system.
Renal venotomy for thrombectomy and kidney preservation in dogs with adrenal tumors and renal vein invasion
Authors: Chiti Lavinia E. , Mayhew Philipp D. , Massari Federico 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the surgical technique and report the outcomes of adrenalectomy and thrombus removal with kidney preservation by renal venotomy in a population of dogs with adrenal tumors and vascular invasion into the renal vein (RV) and caudal vena cava (CVC).Study designShort case series.AnimalsFive client‐owned dogs that underwent adrenalectomy.MethodsDogs with adrenal tumors and vascular invasion into the RV and CVC were retrospectively enrolled in this multi‐institutional study. Renal venotomy was performed at the time of adrenalectomy for tumor thrombus removal. Recorded data included signalment, clinical signs and results of laboratory testing, physical examination findings, diagnostic imaging results, surgical technique, surgical time, surgical complications, and outcome.ResultsTumor thrombus was removed by renal venotomy in five dogs. In one dog with an ectopic adrenal tumor located ventral to the left kidney, the thrombus was occluding 90% of caval flow, and a small caval venotomy was required to remove it. Kidney preservation was achieved in all dogs. No significant intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred, and all dogs were discharged 3 to 4 days postoperatively. Median surgical time was 125 minutes (range, 80‐210). At the end of the study, four dogs were alive without signs of recurrence, while one dog died of a suspected pulmonary embolism at 510 days. Median follow‐up was 510 days (range, 279‐890).ConclusionRenal venotomy is feasible for thrombectomy in dogs with adrenal tumors and RV invasion and allowed for the preservation of the kidney in this case series, thus limiting perioperative morbidity.
Evaluation of a laparoscopic abdominal simulator assessment to test readiness for laparoscopic ovariectomy in live dogs
Authors: French Emily D. , Griffon Dominique J. , Kass Philip H. , Fahie Maria A. , Gordon‐Ross Paul , Levi Ohad 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo predict readiness for laparoscopic ovariectomy of live dogs on the basis of performance on a high‐fidelity laparoscopic abdominal simulator and to determine interrater reliability of the assessment.Study designExperimental study.Sample populationSeventeen fourth‐year veterinary students.MethodsAfter a standardized laparoscopic training course, each participant performed a laparoscopic ovariectomy with a simulator. This performance was scored in real time by two evaluators using a rubric. Participants achieving a score of 112 of 160 performed a laparoscopic ovariectomy in a live dog, supervised by an instructor in the room. Two evaluators scored video recordings of each procedure using the rubric. Participants' opinions about the simulator were collected with a survey.ResultsAll participants scored above the threshold (range, 126‐151) and successfully completed laparoscopic ovariectomy in a live dog, with an average of 10 of 17 participants requiring verbal guidance and 5 of 17 participants requiring intervention from the instructor. Interrater concordance was excellent for the rubrics used to score performance on the simulator (R = 0.91) and in vivo (R = 0.81). All participants agreed that the simulator should be used to assess trainee readiness prior to surgery in a live dog.ConclusionParticipants achieving a score of at least 126 of 160 on the simulator were able to perform a laparoscopic ovariectomy in a live dog under supervision. The scoring system for the simulator had excellent interrater concordance.Clinical significanceThis simulator and scoring system can be used in laparoscopic training programs to assess readiness for progression to the operative setting.
Knowledge-Based Design Guidance System for Cloud-Based Decision Support in the Design of Complex Engineered Systems
Authors: Wang Ru , Milisavljevic-Syed Jelena , Guo Lin , Huang Yu , Wang Guoxin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe automation and intelligence highlighted in Industry 4.0 put forward higher requirements for reasonable trade-offs between humans and machines for decision-making governance. However, in the context of Industry 4.0, the vision of decision support for design engineering is still unclear. Additionally, the corresponding methods and system architectures are lacking to support the realization of value-chain-centric complex engineered systems design lifecycles. Hence, we identify decision support demands for complex engineered systems designs in the Industry 4.0 era, representing the integrated design problems at various stages of the product value chain. As a response, in this paper, the architecture of a Knowledge-Based Design Guidance System (KBDGS) for cloud-based decision support (CBDS) is presented that highlights the integrated management of complexity, uncertainty, and knowledge in designing decision workflows, as well as systematic design guidance to find satisfying solutions with the iterative process “formulation-refinement-exploration-improvement” (FREI). The KBDGS facilitates diverse multi-stakeholder collaborative decisions in end-to-end cloud services. Finally, two design case studies are conducted to illustrate the proposed work and the efficacy of the developed KBDGS. The contribution of this paper is to provide design guidance to facilitate knowledge discovery, capturing, and reuse in the context of decision-centric digital design, thus improving the efficiency and effectiveness of decision-making, as well as the evolution of decision support in the field of design engineering for the age of Industry 4.0 innovation paradigm.
Multi Observer-Based Sliding Mode Load Frequency Control With Input Delay Estimation
Authors: Dev Ark , Novella Rodríguez David Fernando , Anand Sumant , Sarkar Mrinal Kanti 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The letter proposes frequency stability in power systems with input delay. A closed loop system can be oscillatory or even unstable without the exact knowledge of delay. Therefore, it is desirable to design a control scheme which is based on the estimation of unknown delay. The proposed design consists of an infinite dimensional observer with an adaptive time delay estimation and a sliding mode controller (SMC). The merit of the proposed concept lies in the fact that the unknown delay is valued by just estimating the smallest delay segment. The controller input is obtained from a set of sequential observers that predicts the system states and ensures asymptotic stability of the closed loop system with input delay estimation. The existence of sliding mode and the closed loop system stability is proved thanks to the Lyapunov and Lyapunov–Krasovskii candidate functionals, respectively. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed design.
Noise Reduction of Ceiling Fans in Mass Production Applying DMAIC-Six Sigma Approach
Authors: Hasan Md. Zahid , Ahammed Rubel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSuccess and business reputation depend upon the quality of products where product quality relies on the capability of a process, yield value, sigma score, etc. The poor quality of ceiling fans was determined from the Pareto analysis of the define, measure, analyze, improve and control (DMAIC) model, which was humming noise during running, and further actions were undertaken regarding the reduction of the humming noise. Noise data were collected from random samples to determine the current sigma score, which was 3.14. Also, the weak value (1.05) of the Process Potential Index implied that the process condition was below the standard (&lt; 1.33) and needed to be improved badly. Then, root cause analysis and relationship diagram were used to identify the possible causes. With the design of experiments and correlation analysis, it was clear that the air gap between the stator and rotor was the main culprit behind the humming noise. The suitable range of air gap was determined from boxplot analysis, which was 0.2 mm–0.225 mm and the corresponding amount of sound level in dB (37.5–40.3 dB) for a 0.225-mm air gap with the watt consumption (83 w) from the hypothesis test for the corresponding air gap. Finally, the updated sigma score and process capability analysis were performed with control charts to show the comparison after applying the DMAIC-Six Sigma methodology. The final sigma score was 5.1, which indicates a significant improvement of the process with the capability of saving 23,438 USD/year caused by the poor quality of ceiling fans.
Realization of a Novel Morphing Surface Using Additive Manufacturing and Its Active Control in Friction
Authors: Murashima Motoyuki , Imaizumi Yusuke , Kawaguchi Masato , Umehara Noritsugu , Tokoroyama Takayuki , Saito Toshiyuki , Takeshima Masayuki , Tsukiyama Yosuke , Nitta Isami 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
As the need for higher efficiency of engineering components increases, so does the demand for functional surfaces. While various tribosurfaces (e.g., texturing and coatings) have been developed, many researches are aimed at static functionality. On the other hand, due to a wide range of environmental adaptability and active control, active-morphing surfaces can be highly efficient and robust. In this paper, we demonstrate a novel morphing surface and its realization using additive manufacturing (AM). By using a diaphragm structure, morphing performance is achieved even if a hard resin material is used. When air pressure is applied to the backside of the diaphragm, it changes to a convex shape and vice versa. The concept requires a complex structure for arranging airflow and a solid morphing system. The AM is one great technique to create such complex structures. As a result of actual manufacturing, the created morphing structure realizes a large morphing of 600 μm or more. In addition, the shape changes reversibly depending on the air pressure. The surface also exhibits very interesting tribological characteristics. The surface shows a friction coefficient of about 0.3 with a concavity, and then increases to 0.5–1.7 with a convexity. A real-contact area measurement reveals that the novel property occurs due to change in the real-contact area depending on surface morphology. In conclusion, the present paper provides a new concept of a novel morphing tribosurface, which selectively performs as a low-friction or break-like surface, created using AM.
Discovery of a large subsoil nitrate reservoir in an arroyo floodplain and associated aquifer contamination
Authors: Linhoff Benjamin S. , Lunzer John J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn an area of elevated nitrate (NO3) groundwater concentrations in the northern Chihuahuan Desert in central New Mexico (United States), a large reservoir of nitrate was found in the subsoil of an arroyo floodplain. Nitrate inventories in the floodplain subsoils ranged from 10,000 to 38,000 kg NO3-N/ha—over twice as high as any previously measured arid region. The floodplain subsoil NO3 reservoir was over 100 times higher than the adjacent desert (59–95 kg NO3-N/ha). Chloride mass balance calculations of subsoils indicate arroyo floodplain subsoils have undergone negative recharge since 2600–8600 yr ago, while the surrounding desert has had negative recharge since 13,000–17,000 yr ago. Compared to the adjacent desert, plant communities are larger and more abundant in the floodplain, though subsoil NO3 is apparently not utilized. We demonstrate that NO3 accumulates in the subsoil of the floodplain through evaporation of monsoon season precipitation funneled into the arroyo. Through a one-dimensional vadose zone model, we show that the NO3 inventories in the arroyo floodplain could be acquired 8 to 75 times faster than through atmospheric deposition through the lateral movement of water from the arroyo channel to the adjacent unsaturated zone. As aquifer recharge occurs through the arroyo, channel migration across the floodplain likely flushes subsoil NO3 to the aquifer. High NO3 concentrations and molar ratios of NO3 to Cl in monitoring wells beneath the arroyo floodplain indicate a subsoil NO3 source. These results have major implications for land-use planning in arroyo and ephemeral stream floodplains as well as arid region soil biogeochemistry.