bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reversal of Functional Brain Activity Related to Gut Microbiome and Hormones After VSG Surgery in Patients With Obesity
Authors: Hong Jie , Bo Tingting , Xi Liuqing , Xu Xiaoqiang , He Naying , Zhan Yafeng , Li Wanyu , Liang Peiwen , Chen Yufei , Shi Juan , Li Danjie , Yan Fuhua , Gu Weiqiong , Wang Weiqing , Liu Ruixin , Wang Jiqiu , Wang Zheng , Ning Guang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Context
Vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) is becoming a prioritized surgical intervention for obese individuals; however, the brain circuits that mediate its effective control of food intake and predict surgical outcome remain largely unclear.

Objective
We investigated VSG-correlated alterations of the gut-brain axis.

Methods
In this observational cohort study, 80 patients with obesity were screened. A total of 36 patients together with 26 normal-weight subjects were enrolled and evaluated using the 21-item Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ), MRI scanning, plasma intestinal hormone analysis, and fecal sample sequencing. Thirty-two patients underwent VSG treatment and 19 subjects completed an average of 4-month follow-up evaluation. Data-driven regional homogeneity (ReHo) coupled with seed-based connectivity analysis were used to quantify VSG-related brain activity. Longitudinal alterations of body weight, eating behavior, brain activity, gastrointestinal hormones, and gut microbiota were detected and subjected to repeated measures correlation analysis.

Results
VSG induced significant functional changes in the right putamen (PUT.R) and left supplementary motor area, both of which correlated with weight loss and TFEQ scores. Moreover, postprandial levels of active glucagon-like peptide-1 (aGLP-1) and Ghrelin were associated with ReHo of PUT.R; meanwhile, relative abundance of Clostridia increased by VSG was associated with improvements in aGLP-1 secretion, PUT.R activity, and weight loss. Importantly, VSG normalized excessive functional connectivities with PUT.R, among which baseline connectivity between PUT.R and right orbitofrontal cortex was related to postoperative weight loss.

Conclusion
VSG causes correlated alterations of gut-brain axis, including Clostridia, postprandial aGLP-1, PUT.R activity, and eating habits. Preoperative connectivity of PUT.R may represent a potential predictive marker of surgical outcome in patients with obesity.
Low- and Fully N-Glycosylated Gonadotropins Circulating in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Wide Leif , Naessén Tord , Sundström-Poromaa Inger , Eriksson Karin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Context
A preponderance of basic luteinizing hormone (LH) molecules having elevated bioactivity was detected in the circulation of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Subsequent studies have shown that LH and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) both circulate as glycoforms differing in number of glycans: low-N-glycosylated glycoforms, LHdi and FSHtri, with high in vitro bioactivity, and fully glycosylated glycoforms, LHtri and FSHtetra, with high in vivo bioactivity.

Objective
This work aims to characterize the glycosylation patterns on circulating gonadotropin glycoforms in women with PCOS.

Methods
Serum samples, collected from 8 women with PCOS were included. The concentration, sulfonation, and sialylation of each glycoform were determined and compared with values of serum samples from healthy women: 22 women at follicular phase, 16 at midcycle, and 15 after menopause.

Results
All the women with PCOS had higher LHdi serum levels compared with those in the follicular-phase group. Median LHdi and median LHtri levels were significantly elevated in PCOS women. The percentage of LHdi was increased from 37 to 49 and that of FSHtri was decreased from 41 to 33. The LHdi, LHtri, and FSHtetra glycoforms were more sialylated and both LH glycoforms less sulfonated in women with PCOS.

Conclusion
All women with PCOS had increased serum levels of LHdi, compared with those in the follicular phase. The percentage of LHdi was increased and that of FSHtri decreased in women with PCOS. The increased LHdi leads to maintenance of the abnormal early follicular development of the polycystic ovary, and the decreased FSHtri contributes to the arrested follicle growth.
Non-fasting OGTT versus Fasting OGTT for screening of Hyperglycaemia in Pregnancy (HIP)
Authors: Masood Shabeen Naz , Lakho Nusrat , Saeed Saira , Masood Yasir 
Published: May 2021

Objectives: To compare the reliability of non-fasting oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) versus fasting OGTT for screening of hyperglycaemia in pregnancy (HIP).
Methods: This cross sectional analytic study was conducted by the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Isra University Karachi Campus from October 2016 to April 2017. A total of 225 pregnant women irrespective of gestational age were included in the study. They underwent non fasting 75 grams OGTT. Venous plasma glucose was done 02 hours after the glucose load. Same women were advised to come again within three to seven days for fasting OGTT. Venous plasma glucose (VPG) was estimated in fasting and 2 hours post glucose load.
Results: Using the non-fasting OGTT, out of 204 women, 32 were diagnosed with hyperglycemia. All these 204 women were again called for fasting OGTT three to seven days after the initial non-fasting OGTT. Only nine were diagnosed with hyperglycemia, out of these nine women, seven women who were screen positive on non-fasting OGTT were found to be screen positive on fasting OGTT as well. However, only two women were additionally diagnosed with hyperglycemia who were initially screen negative on non-fasting OGTT. The non-fasting OGTT has diagnosed HIP with sensitivity of 77.7%, specificity of 87.1%, positive predictive value of 21.8% and negative predictive value of 98.8%.
Conclusion: The use of the non-fasting OGTT at first antenatal visit may be a practical approach to detect the HIP as screening and diagnostic tool in the resource constrained settings.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.4.3979
How to cite this:Masood SN, Lakho N, Saeed S, Masood Y. Non-fasting OGTT versus Fasting OGTT for screening of Hyperglycaemia in Pregnancy (HIP). Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(4):1008-1013. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.4.3979
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Comparative analysis of regulatory framework on biobanking to inform policymakers in Central America and the Dominican Republic
Authors: Canario Julio Arturo 
Published: May 2021

Background. The clinical and scientific importance of biobanks has been highlighted. Ethical governance and regulatory oversight for biobanks should be in place to preserve and promote ethical and responsible conduct of research. Methods. This is an analytical documentary study of the regulatory scope concerning biobanks in Central America and the Dominican Republic. From the International Compilation of Human Research Standards 2020 edition of the Office of Human Research Protection Department of Health and Human Services of the United States of America identified the existing guidelines applicable to human research in each of the eight SICA member countries. Regulatory aspects searched for and the analysis was based on the recommendations set forth in Guideline 11 on the collection, storage, and use of biological materials and related data in the International Ethical Guidelines for Research Related to Human Health. Results. There is a lack of specific guidelines for the collection, use, and storage of human biological materials for research purposes, and the creation of biobanks in the countries been studied. No country in Central America and the Dominican Republic region has specific regulations for the creation of biobanks for research purposes. The term "biobank" was not found in the revised regulations. However, there are good examples of ethical governance of research in general in the region been Costa Rica, Panamá, and Guatemala examples of advances towards this direction. Conclusions. There is a need to move forward the governance and regulatory framework of biobanks in Central America and the Dominican which can be seen as an opportunity for international cooperation and regulatory collaborative agenda within this region.
Decreasing Hospital Observation Time for Febrile Infants
Authors: Desai Sanyukta , Calhoun Tara , Sosa Tina , Courter Joshua D , Letsinger Alexandra , Le Matthew , Schubert Amy , Zaremba Lindsay , Shah Samir S , Jerardi Karen , Statile Angela M , Unaka Ndidi I 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUNDFebrile infants aged 0 to 60 days are often hospitalized for a 36‐to‐48 hour observation period to rule out invasive bacterial infections (IBI). Evidence suggests that monitoring blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures for 24 hours may be appropriate for most infants. We aimed to decrease the average culture observation time (COT) from 38 to 30 hours among hospitalized infants 0 to 60 days old over 12 months.METHODSThis quality improvement initiative occurred at a large children's hospital, in conjunction with development of a multidisciplinary evidence‐based guideline for the management of febrile infants. We included infants aged 0 to 60 days admitted with fever without a clear infectious source. We excluded infants who had positive blood, urine, or CSF cultures within 24 hours of incubation and infants who were hospitalized for other indications (eg, bronchiolitis). Interventions included guideline dissemination, education regarding laboratory monitoring practices, standardized order sets, and near‐time identification of failures. Our primary outcome was COT, defined as time between initiation of culture incubation and hospital discharge in hours. Interventions were tracked on an annotated statistical process control chart. Our balancing measure was identification of IBI after hospital discharge.RESULTSIn our cohort of 184 infants aged 0 to 60 days, average COT decreased from 38 hours to 32 hours after structured guideline dissemination and order‐set standardization; this decrease was sustained over 17 months. IBI was not identified in any patients after discharge.CONCLUSIONSImplementation of an evidence‐based guideline through education, transparency of laboratory procedures, creation of standardized order sets, and near‐time feedback was associated with shorter COT for febrile infants aged 0 to 60 days.
Levitsky, Steven & Ziblatt, Daniel. Como as democracias morrem. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar, 2018. ISBN: 9788537818008.
Authors: Dos Santos Ricco Miriam , Neto Tomaz Espósito , Da Paz Janieli Vasconcelos 
Published: May 2021

A presente resenha crítica do livro "Como as democracias morrem" de autoria dos professores Steven Levitky e Daniel Ziblatt já era à época em que foi publicado uma obra extremamente importante para entender os processos pelos quais a sociedade contemporânea livre e democrática está passando, mais ainda em um ano pós-pandêmico com acontecimentos jamais vistos dentro da história política americana. De forma que, se faz necessário revisitar este livro que mais parece um manual de vigilância da democracia e rememorar suas lições, muito atuais e pertinentes.Palavras-chave: democracia; fronteiras; direitos humanos. ABSTRACT The present critical review of the book "How democracies die" by professors Steven Levitky and Daniel Ziblatt was already at the time that an extremely important work was published to understand the processes that free and democratic contemporary society is going through, even more in a post-pandemic year with events never before seen in American political history. So, it is necessary to revisit this book that looks more like a democracy surveillance manual and to recall its very current and pertinent lessons.Key words: democracy; borders; human rights. Recebido em: 29 jan. 2020 | Aceito em: 25 mar. 2021.
Achieving high budget classes in the downstream link of 50G-PON
Authors: Rosales Ricardo , Cano Ivan , Nesset Derek , Brenot Romain , Dubrovina Natalia , Durán-Valdeiglesias Elena , Debregeas Helene 
Published: May 2021

With 50G passive optical networks (PONs) currently being standardized, we review the challenges of meeting the high loss budgets required in such high speed fiber access networks. Simulations of the 50 Gb/s link performance show the impact of critical parameters when using 25G-class avalanche photodiode receivers with digital signal processing. We describe how a 1342 nm electro-absorption modulated laser, with an external semiconductor optical amplifier, enables an E2-class, 20 km, downstream link for ITU-T, 50G-PON to be demonstrated. Using a 25G-class receiver and real-time equalization, a link budget of 35.6 dB was measured. With more powerful equalization performed offline, an increase in the link budget to 38.2 dB is also demonstrated.
Misuse, perceived risk, and safety issues of household insecticides: Qualitative findings from focus groups in Arequipa, Peru
Authors: Larson Anika J. , Paz-Soldán Valerie A. , Arevalo-Nieto Claudia , Brown Joanna , Condori-Pino Carlos , Levy Michael Z. , Castillo-Neyra Ricardo 
Published: May 2021

Background
The current body of research on insecticide use in Peru deals primarily with application of insecticides offered through Ministry of Health-led campaigns against vector-borne disease. However, there is a gap in the literature regarding the individual use, choice and perceptions of insecticides which may influence uptake of public health-based vector control initiatives and contribute to the thousands of deaths annually from acute pesticide poisoning in Peru.

Methods
Residents (n = 49) of the Alto Selva Alegre and CC districts of peri-urban Arequipa participated in seven focus group discussions (FGD). Using a FGD guide, two facilitators led the discussion and conducted a role-playing activity. this activity, participants insecticides (represented by printed photos of insecticides available locally) and pretended to “sell” the insecticides to other participants, including describing their qualities as though they were advertising the insecticide. The exercise was designed to elicit perceptions of currently available insecticides. The focus groups also included questions about participants’ preferences, use and experiences related to insecticides outside the context of this activity. Focus group content was transcribed, and qualitative data were analyzed with Atlas.ti and coded using an inductive process to generate major themes related to use and choice of insecticides, and perceived risks associated with insecticide use.

Results
The perceived risks associated with insecticides included both short- and long-term health impacts, and safety for children emerged as a priority. However, in some cases insecticides were reportedly applied in high-risk ways including application of insecticides directly to children and bedding. Some participants attempted to reduce the risk of insecticide use with informal, potentially ineffective personal protective equipment and by timing application when household members were away. Valued insecticide characteristics, such as strength and effectiveness, were often associated with negative characteristics such as odor and health impacts. “Agropecuarios” (agricultural supply stores) were considered a trusted source of information about insecticides and their health risks.

Conclusions
It is crucial to characterize misuse and perceptions of health impacts and risks of insecticides at the local level, as well as to find common themes and patterns across populations to inform national and regional programs to prevent acute insecticide poisoning and increase community participation in insecticide-based vector control campaigns. We detected risky practices and beliefs about personal protective equipment, risk indicators, and safety levels that could inform such preventive campaigns, as well as trusted information sources such as agricultural stores for partnerships in disseminating information.
Intention to use institutional delivery service and its predictors among pregnant women, North West Ethiopia: Using theory of planned behavior
Authors: Ayana Abirham , Kassie Ayenew , Azale Telake 
Published: May 2021

Background
Improving institutional delivery service is the most crucial strategies to reduce maternal and neonatal mortalities. In developing countries, only 50% of pregnant women deliver in health facilities and in Ethiopia only 48% of pregnant women deliver in health facilities. Maternal mortality remains the highest in Ethiopia. This study assessed intention to use institutional delivery service and its predictors among pregnant women using theory of planned behavior.

Methods
Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 645 Yilmana Densa District Pregnant women using multi-stage followed by cluster sampling technique. Data were entered into Epi Data version 4.6.0.2 and analyzed with STATA version 14. Binary logistic regression analysis was done to identify independent predictors of intention at 95% confidence level and P < 0.05 was used to determine statistically significant predictors.

Results
Intention of pregnant women to use institutional delivery service was 74.3% (CI; 70.71%, 77.6%). In the multivariable logistic regression; those who had 1–3 and 4 &above antenatal care 2.85(1.41, 5.75) and 3.14(1.16, 8.45) respectively, those who had past experience of institutional delivery (AOR = 3.39, 95%CI: 1.72, 6.71), parity of 1–3 and 4 & above % (AOR = 0.37, 0.19, 0.71) and (AOR = 0.25, 95%CI: 0.12, 0.55) respectively, rural residence (AOR = 0.51, 95%CI: 0.27, 0.96), favorable attitude (AOR = 2.93, 95%CI: 1.56, 5.50), favorable perceived behavioral control (AOR = 2.60, 95%CI: 1.44, 4.69) were factors significantly associated with intention to use institutional delivery service.

Conclusion and recommendation
Majority of the pregnant women were intended to deliver in the institution. Good Knowledge on institutional delivery, antenatal care visit, past experience of institutional delivery, rural residence, parity, attitude and perceived behavioral control were identified factors significantly associated with intention to use institutional delivery service. So, strengthening awareness creation and behavioral change communication programs are required at all levels of health system to raise intention of residents towards institutional delivery.
Umbilical cord miRNAs to predict neonatal early onset sepsis
Authors: Ernst Linda M. , Mithal Leena B. , Mestan Karen , Wang Vivien , Mangold Kathy A. , Freedman Alexa , Das Sanchita 
Published: May 2021

Objective
To determine if miRNA (miR) expression in umbilical cord blood and umbilical cord tissue differs between neonates with early onset sepsis (EOS) versus neonates without true infection.

Methods
Retrospective case-control study design of human patients with EOS (n = 8), presumed sepsis (N = 12) and non-infected control patients (N = 21). Differential expression of >300 miRs was examined using the MIHS-3001ZE-miScript miRNA PCR Array Human miFinder 384HC. Expression levels of miRs were normalized using the global Ct mean of expressed miR and compared between groups. Data analysis was performed using GeneGlobe data analysis software. Ratios of over and under-expressed miRs were calculated and compared between groups using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

Results
Both umbilical cord plasma and umbilical cord tissue revealed several miRs with differential expression with little overlap between the two specimen types. The most overexpressed miR in plasma of EOS patients was miR-211-5p and the most overexpressed in EOS cord tissue was miR-223-5p. ROC curves comparing the ratios of over and under-expressed miRs for EOS patients and controls resulted in an area under the curve of 0.787 for cord plasma (miR-211-5p/miR-142-3p) and 0.988 for umbilical cord tissue (miR-223-5p/miR-22-3p), indicating good discrimination.

Conclusions
miRs show differential expression in EOS versus non-infected controls and presumed sepsis. A ratio of over and under-expressed miRs can provide a potentially sensitive and specific diagnostic test for EOS.
Increased risk of secondary lung cancer in patients with tuberculosis: A nationwide, population-based cohort study
Authors: Ho Li-Ju , Yang Hung-Yi , Chung Chi-Hsiang , Chang Wei-Chin , Yang Sung-Sen , Sun Chien-An , Chien Wu-Chien , Su Ruei-Yu 
Published: May 2021

Background
Tuberculosis (TB) presents a global threat in the world and the lung is the frequent site of metastatic focus. A previous study demonstrated that TB might increase primary lung cancer risk by two-fold for more than 20 years after the TB diagnosis. However, no large-scale study has evaluated the risk of TB and secondary lung cancer. Thus, we evaluated the risk of secondary lung cancer in patients with or without tuberculosis (TB) using a nationwide population-based dataset.

Methods
In a cohort study of 1,936,512 individuals, we selected 6934 patients among patients with primary cancer and TB infection, based on the International Classification of Disease (ICD-p-CM) codes 010–011 from 2000 to 2015. The control cohort comprised 13,868 randomly selected, propensity-matched patients (by age, gender, and index date) without TB exposure. Using this adjusted date, a possible association between TB and the risk of developing secondary lung cancer was estimated using a Cox proportional hazards regression model.

Results
During the follow-up period, secondary lung cancer was diagnosed in 761 (10.97%) patients with TB and 1263 (9.11%) patients without TB. After adjusting for covariates, the risk of secondary lung cancer was 1.67 times greater among primary cancer in the cohort with TB than in the cohort without TB. Stratification revealed that every comorbidity (including diabetes, hypertension, cirrhosis, congestive heart failure, cardiovascular accident, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) significantly increased the risk of secondary lung cancer when comparing the TB cohort with the non-TB cohort. Moreover, the primary cancer types (including head and neck, colorectal cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, breast, kidney, and thyroid cancer) had a more significant risk of becoming secondary lung cancer.

Conclusion
A significant association exists between TB and the subsequent risk for metastasis among primary cancers and comorbidities. Therefore, TB patients should be evaluated for the subsequent risk of secondary lung cancer.