bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perspectives on the mangrove conundrum, land use, and benefits of yield intensification in farmed shrimp production: A review
Authors: Boyd Claude E. , Davis Robert P. , McNevin Aaron A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGlobally, shrimp farms occupied an estimated 3.490 million hectares (Mha) of land and operated 2.426 Mha of production ponds in 2018. Extensive shrimp farms used 1.804 Mha of farm area (1.377 Mha of production ponds), but produced 11.4% of global shrimp production. An estimated 1.718 Mha of land was required to produce ingredients for feeds used in semi‐intensive and intensive shrimp farming, bringing total land use to 5.160 Mha. Extensive production is located in the intertidal zone and much of this land formerly was or still is in mangrove areas. Expansion of shrimp farms into mangrove areas has slowed. Mangrove areas are inferior sites for shrimp farms, and governments have imposed stricter regulations to protect mangroves. Shrimp farming in mangrove areas is unnecessary to supply the global shrimp demand. Scenarios for increasing global shrimp production without further increase in shrimp farm area are presented. But, if the demand for shrimp continues to increase, it will be impossible to freeze the total land footprint for farmed shrimp, because the land needed for feed presently is roughly equal to the direct land use for shrimp farms. Direct land use for farms can be frozen through greater production pond yields.
Bacteriophage λ RexA and RexB functions assist the transition from lysogeny to lytic growth
Authors: Thomason Lynn C. , Schiltz Carl J. , Court Carolyn , Hosford Christopher J. , Adams Myfanwy C. , Chappie Joshua S. , Court Donald L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe CI and Cro repressors of bacteriophage λ create a bistable switch between lysogenic and lytic growth. In λ lysogens, CI repressor expressed from the PRM promoter blocks expression of the lytic promoters PL and PR to allow stable maintenance of the lysogenic state. When lysogens are induced, CI repressor is inactivated and Cro repressor is expressed from the lytic PR promoter. Cro repressor blocks PRM transcription and CI repressor synthesis to ensure that the lytic state proceeds. RexA and RexB proteins, like CI, are expressed from the PRM promoter in λ lysogens; RexB is also expressed from a second promoter, PLIT, embedded in rexA. Here we show that RexA binds CI repressor and assists the transition from lysogenic to lytic growth, using both intact lysogens and defective prophages with reporter genes under the control of the lytic PL and PR promoters. Once lytic growth begins, if the bistable switch does return to the immune state, RexA expression lessens the probability that it will remain there, thus stabilizing the lytic state and activation of the lytic PL and PR promoters. RexB modulates the effect of RexA and may also help establish phage DNA replication as lytic growth ensues.
Gastric function in diabetic gastroparesis assessed by ultrasound and scintigraphy
Authors: Steinsvik Elisabeth K. , Sangnes Dag A. , Søfteland Eirik , Biermann Martin , Assmus Jörg , Dimcevski Georg , Gilja Odd Helge , Hausken Trygve 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundGastroparesis is a severe diabetes complication characterized by delayed gastric emptying. We examined patients with symptoms of diabetic gastroparesis using gastric emptying scintigraphy and ultrasound drink test. The primary aim was to investigate how ultrasound could provide information about gastric motility features in diabetic gastroparesis.Material and methodsWe prospectively included 58 patients with diabetes (48 type 1) with symptoms of gastroparesis and 30 healthy controls. Patients were examined with ultrasound of the stomach in a seated position after drinking 500 ml low‐caloric meat soup, at the same time recording dyspeptic symptoms. The following day, they were examined with gastric emptying scintigraphy, defining gastroparesis as >10% retention after 4 h.Key ResultsWe found motility disturbances in the proximal stomach measured by ultrasound in patients with diabetic gastroparesis. A linear mixed effects model including repeated ultrasound measurements revealed a slower decrease of the proximal stomach size in gastroparesis compared to healthy controls (p < 0.01), and the proximal diameter at 20 min was correlated to scintigraphy at 4 h (r = 0.510, p = 0.001). The antrum in patients with diabetic gastroparesis was twice as large compared to healthy controls (p = 0.009), and fasting antral size was correlated to gastric emptying scintigraphy (r = 0.329, p = 0.013). Both diabetes patients with and without gastroparesis had impaired accommodation (p = 0.011).Conclusions and InferencesOn ultrasound, we found delayed reduction of proximal stomach size and impaired accommodation after a liquid meal in patients with gastroparesis, emphasizing the role of the proximal stomach. Furthermore, we found antral distention in gastroparesis patients.
Effect of slow, deep breathing on visceral pain perception and its underlying psychophysiological mechanisms
Authors: Gholamrezaei Ali , Van Diest Ilse , Aziz Qasim , Pauwels Ans , Tack Jan , Vlaeyen Johan W. S. , Van Oudenhove Lukas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundStudies using somatic pain models have shown the hypoalgesic effects of slow, deep breathing. We evaluated the effect of slow, deep breathing on visceral pain and explored putative mediating mechanisms including autonomic and emotional responses.MethodsFifty‐seven healthy volunteers (36 females, mean age = 22.0 years) performed controlled, deep breathing at a slow frequency (6 breaths per minute), controlled breathing at a normal frequency (14 breaths per minute; active control), and uncontrolled breathing (no‐treatment control) in randomized order. Moderate painful stimuli were given during each condition by delivering electrical stimulation in the distal esophagus. Participants rated pain intensity after each stimulation. Heart rate variability and self‐reported arousal were measured during each condition.Key ResultsCompared to uncontrolled breathing, pain intensity was lower during slow, deep breathing (Cohen’s d = 0.40) and normal controlled breathing (d = 0.47), but not different between slow, deep breathing and normal controlled breathing. Arousal was lower (d = 0.53, 0.55) and heart rate variability was higher (d = 0.70, 0.86) during slow, deep breathing compared to the two control conditions. The effect of slow, deep breathing on pain was not mediated by alterations in heart rate variability or arousal but was moderated by pain catastrophizing.Conclusions and InferencesSlow, deep breathing can reduce visceral pain intensity. However, the effect is not specific to the slow breathing frequency and is not mediated by autonomic or emotional responses, suggesting other underlying mechanisms (notably distraction). Whether a long‐term practice of slow, deep breathing can influence (clinical) visceral pain warrants to be investigated.
The genome of a nonphotosynthetic diatom provides insights into the metabolic shift to heterotrophy and constraints on the loss of photosynthesis
Authors: Onyshchenko Anastasiia , Roberts Wade R. , Ruck Elizabeth C. , Lewis Jeffrey A. , Alverson Andrew J. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryAlthough most of the tens of thousands of diatom species are photoautotrophs, a small number of heterotrophic species no longer photosynthesize. We sequenced the genome of a nonphotosynthetic diatom,NitzschiaNitz4, to determine how carbon metabolism was altered in the wake of this trophic shift.NitzschiaNitz4 has retained its plastid and plastid genome, but changes associated with the transition to heterotrophy were cellular‐wide and included losses of photosynthesis‐related genes from the nuclear and plastid genomes, elimination of isoprenoid biosynthesis in the plastid, and remodeling of mitochondrial glycolysis to maximize adenosine triphosphte (ATP) yield. The genome contains a β‐ketoadipate pathway that may allowNitzschiaNitz4 to metabolize lignin‐derived compounds.Diatom plastids lack an oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (oPPP), leaving photosynthesis as the primary source of NADPH to support essential biosynthetic pathways in the plastid and, by extension, limiting available sources of NADPH in nonphotosynthetic plastids.The genome revealed similarities between nonphotosynthetic diatoms and apicomplexan parasites for provisioning NADPH in their plastids and highlighted the ancestral absence of a plastid oPPP as a potentially important constraint on loss of photosynthesis, a hypothesis supported by the higher frequency of transitions to parasitism or heterotrophy in lineages that have a plastid oPPP.
The evolutionary assembly of forest communities along environmental gradients: recent diversification or sorting of pre‐adapted clades?
Authors: Linan Alexander G. , Myers Jonathan A. , Edwards Christine E. , Zanne Amy E. , Smith Stephen A. , Arellano Gabriel , Cayola Leslie , Farfan‐Ríos William , Fuentes Alfredo F. , García‐Cabrera Karina , González‐Caro Sebastián , Loza M. Isabel , Macía Manuel J. , Malhi Yadvinder , Nieto‐Ariza Beatriz , Salinas Norma , Silman Miles , Tello J. Sebastián 
Published: August 2021

SummaryRecent studies have demonstrated that ecological processes that shape community structure and dynamics change along environmental gradients. However, much less is known about how the emergence of the gradients themselves shape the evolution of species that underlie community assembly. In this study, we address how the creation of novel environments leads to community assembly via two nonmutually exclusive processes: immigration and ecological sorting of pre‐adapted clades (ISPC), and recent adaptive diversification (RAD). We study these processes in the context of the elevational gradient created by the uplift of the Central Andes.We develop a novel approach and method based on the decomposition of species turnover into within‐ and among‐clade components, where clades correspond to lineages that originated before mountain uplift. Effects of ISPC and RAD can be inferred from how components of turnover change with elevation. We test our approach using data from over 500 Andean forest plots.We found that species turnover between communities at different elevations is dominated by the replacement of clades that originated before the uplift of the Central Andes.Our results suggest that immigration and sorting of clades pre‐adapted to montane habitats is the primary mechanism shaping tree communities across elevations.
Sicca syndrome associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy
Authors: Harris Jack A. , Huang Kevin , Miloslavsky Eli , Hanna Glenn J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCancer immunotherapy, which seeks to stimulate a patient's own immune system to combat cancer, is quickly becoming a central pillar of cancer therapeutics and has resulted in the development of many novel anticancer therapies. One subtype of cancer immunotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has revolutionized cancer treatment and changed the standard of care for multiple indications. However, the advent of ICIs has produced a wide variety of inflammatory side effects termed immune‐related adverse events (IRAEs), including ICI‐induced Sicca syndrome. This article outlines the clinical features of ICI‐induced Sicca syndrome and assesses its reported incidence in clinical trials, case series, and case reports across numerous cancers and treatment modalities. Presentations of ICI‐induced Sicca syndrome in patients with pre‐existing Sjӧgren's disease and with extra‐glandular manifestations will also be explored. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying IRAEs, including ICI‐induced Sicca syndrome, will be evaluated through an examination of existing literature. Finally, the various treatment and management strategies as well as aims for future work will be discussed and reviewed.
Time‐series eco‐metabolomics reveals extensive reshuffling in metabolome during transition from cold acclimation to de‐acclimation in an alpine shrub
Authors: Rathore Nikita , Thakur Dinesh , Kumar Dinesh , Chawla Amit , Kumar Sanjay 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRecording environmentally induced variations in the metabolome in plants can be a promising approach for understanding the complex patterns of metabolic regulation and their eco‐physiological consequences. Here, we studied metabolome‐wide changes and eco‐physiological adjustments occurring across the year at high elevation environments in the leaf tissue of Rhododendron anthopogon, an alpine evergreen shrub of the Himalaya. New leaves of R. anthopogon appear after the snow‐melt and remain intact even when the plants get covered under snow (November–June). During this whole period, they may undergo several physiological and biochemical adjustments in response to fluctuating temperatures and light conditions. To understand these changes, we analyzed eco‐physiological traits, that is, freezing resistance, dry matter content and % of nitrogen and the overall metabolome across 10 different time‐points, from August until the snowfall in November 2017, and then from June to August 2018. As anticipated, the freezing resistance increased toward the onset of winters. The leaf tissues exhibited a complete reshuffling of the metabolome during the growth cycle and time‐points segregated into four clusters directly correlating with distinct phases of acclimation: non‐acclimation (August 22, 2017; August 14, 2018), early cold acclimation (September 12, September 29, October 11, 2017), late cold acclimation (October 23, November 4, 2017), and de‐acclimation (June 15, June 28, July 14, 2018). Cold acclimation involved metabolic progression (101 metabolites) with an increase of up to 19.4‐fold (gentiobiose), whereas de‐acclimation showed regression (120 metabolites) with a decrease of up to 30‐fold (sucrose). The changes in the metabolome during de‐acclimation were maximum and were not just a reversal of cold acclimation. Our results provided insights into the direction and magnitude of physiological changes in Rhododendron anthopogon that occurred across the year.
Post‐loss power building: The feedback effects of policy loss on group identity and collective action
Authors: Lacombe Matthew J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractStudies of policy feedback have produced an increasingly nuanced understanding of when, why, and how public policies generate—or fail to generate—political effects that entrench the policies themselves and provide benefits to their proponents. Left open, however, is the question of whether policies can paradoxically generate political benefits for those who opposed them. This paper extends the study of policy feedback by exploring the mechanisms through and conditions under which organized groups can counterintuitively use policy losses to build power moving forward. It then demonstrates how post‐loss power building operates by exploring the National Rifle Association’s historical use of gun policy losses to reinforce a shared identity among its supporters, which it later uses to spur collective action on behalf of gun rights. The analysis shows how policy outcomes can interact with the identity‐building efforts of organized groups in ways that enable those groups to use losses to their long‐term advantage.
Preventing potential pitfalls of a liberalized potassium diet in the hemodialysis population
Authors: Sussman‐Dabach Elizabeth J. , Joshi Shivam , Dupuis Léonie , White Jennifer A. , Siavoshi Mehrnaz , Slukhinsky Susanna , Singh Bhupinder , Kalantar‐Zadeh Kamyar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEmerging research suggests that a more liberalized diet, specifically a more plant‐based diet resulting in liberalization of potassium intake, for people receiving hemodialysis is necessary and the benefits outweigh previously thought risks. If the prescribed hemodialysis diet is to be liberalized, the need to illuminate and prevent potential pitfalls of a liberalized potassium diet is warranted. This paper explores such topics as partial to full adherence to a liberalized diet and its consequences if any, the advantages of a high‐fiber intake, the theoretical risk of anemia when consuming a more plant‐dominant diet, the potential benefits against renal acid load and effect on metabolic acidosis with increased fruit and vegetable intake, the putative change in serum potassium levels, carbohydrate quality, and the healthfulness of meat substitutes. The benefits of a more plant‐based diet for the hemodialysis population are multifold; however, the possible pitfalls of this type of diet must be reviewed and addressed upon meal planning in order to be avoided.
Racial prejudice, education, and views of climate change
Authors: Benegal Salil D. , Holman Mirya R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe examine the role of education in shaping attitudes about climate change and how it interacts with racial prejudice.MethodsWe analyze data from the 2012 and 2016 American National Election Study (ANES) and 2018 Cooperative Congressional Election Study (CCES).ResultsWe identify a paradoxical relationship in which education is associated with both lower levels of racial prejudice and increased support for climate policies, but also strengthens the negative effects of prejudices that persist at higher levels of educational attainment. For individuals with racially prejudiced views, we find that educational attainment decreases both agreement with the scientific consensus and support for climate policies. Our results hold up in evaluating Democrats and Republicans and using alternative measures of racial bias.ConclusionOur results contribute to our understanding of the barriers to action on climate change and the continued salience of racial prejudice in the United States.
Does foreign capital dependence affect carbon dioxide emissions in less‐developed countries? A cross‐national analysis, 1980–2014
Authors: Mejia Steven Andrew 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveI estimate the effect of foreign investment dependence on carbon dioxide emissions in developing countries with methods and data that address the numerous limitations of previous research on the same topic.MethodsI use fixed effects panel regression models that account for first‐order autocorrelation with a sample of 109 developing countries from 1980–2014.ResultsI find that foreign capital dependence is positively associated with carbon dioxide emissions. I also find economic development, total population, urbanization, and export intensity are positively associated with carbon dioxide emissions, while domestic investment is inversely associated with carbon dioxide emissions.ConclusionThis analysis provides even stronger empirical support for the ecostructural theory of foreign capital dependence than previous research on the same topic.
Phylogeny, systematics and evolution of calling songs of the Lebinthini crickets (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Eneopterinae), with description of two new genera
Authors: Tan Ming Kai , Malem Julien , Legendre Frédéric , Dong Jiajia , Baroga‐Barbecho Jessica B. , Yap Sheryl A. , Wahab Rodzay bin Haji Abdul , Japir Razy , Chung Arthur Y. C. , Robillard Tony 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Lebinthini crickets are distributed in Southeast Asia, Western Pacific and tropical South America. They represent more than half of the described species in the subfamily Eneopterinae. These crickets are morphologically and behaviorally diverse, varying in body size, wing morphology (ranging from brachypterous to fully winged) and acoustic signals. They also have a distinctive communication system: high‐frequency calling, vibratory signalling, duetting, and lack of phonotaxis in females. To investigate how these traits evolved and diversified, a clear phylogenetic context is needed with taxonomic and biological data for as many species as possible. Since 2010, the numbers of known species and genera in the tribe have grown considerably, but the type genus Lebinthus and the tribe classification lacked a general revision based on phylogenetic inferences. In this paper, we study the systematics of the Lebinthini and present new phylogenetic results confirming the monophyly of Lebinthini and the relationships established by previous studies. The phylogeny allows us to define three monophyletic subtribes within the Lebinthini with clear morphological features and distribution areas: Cardiodactylina subtribe n., Lebinthina subtribe n., and Ligypterina subtribe n. We also redefine Lebinthus and described two new genera related to Lebinthus, Falcerminthus gen.nov., and Fadinthus gen.nov., each characterized by clear‐cut morphological, anatomical, and acoustic features. Using ancestral state reconstructions, we investigate the evolution of the diverse calling songs in Lebinthini. We demonstrate that both trills and monosyllabic calls were acquired multiple times instead of evolving from simple to complex temporal patterns as suggested from previous studies. We also find that temporal traits and the dominant frequency evolve in a very dynamic way, and that the harmonic of the call, i.e., the dominant frequency, seems to undergo diversification in the subtribe Lebinthina.
A Fusion Method Based on EEMD, Pearson Correlation Analysis, Improved LSTM, and Gaussian Function-Trust Region Algorithm for State of Health Prediction of Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Peng Xiongbin , Li Yuwu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Aiming at the phenomenon of battery capacity regeneration, which leads to inaccurate prediction of lithium-ion battery state of health (SOH), a new fusion method based on ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), Pearson correlation analysis (PCA), and improved long short-term memory (LSTM) network and Gaussian function-trust region (GS-TR) algorithm is introduced to predict battery SOH. First, the EEMD method is adopted to process the battery SOH data to eliminate the impact of capacity recovery. Second, the decomposed data signals are classified by the PCA method, and the signals classified as high frequency and low frequency are respectively predicted by the improved LSTM algorithm and the GS-TR algorithm. Finally, the prediction results of the improved LSTM and GS-TR algorithms are integrated. The proposed fusion method avoids the complexity of the hybrid neural network model and improves the prediction efficiency. Based on the average results of the three data sets from NASA, the RMSE result of the proposed algorithm is reduced by 9.56% compared with the improved LSTM with the EEMD algorithm and 37.57% compared with the improved LSTM without the EEMD algorithm. The results show that the proposed method has higher adaptability and prediction accuracy.
Mineral Oil Immersion Cooling of Lithium-Ion Batteries: An Experimental Investigation
Authors: Trimbake Amol , Singh Chandra Pratap , Krishnan Shankar 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Effective thermal management of high power density batteries is essential for battery performance, life, and safety. This paper experimentally investigates direct mineral oil jet impingement cooling of the lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery pack. For the first time, experimental results of mineral oil-based cooling of batteries are reported. Both charging and discharging characteristics on temperature uniformity and of a Li-ion pack are considered. Temperature uniformity among cells, as well as within individual cells, is experimentally measured. As a baseline, cooling of the battery pack by free-convective airflow is also reported. Two different jetting configurations: (a) submerged jet and (b) direct-jet impingement are considered. For the highest charge-discharge rates considered (2C charge and 3C discharge), mineral oil nearly maintains uniform skin temperature among the cells (less than 1 °C) as well as within the cell. Based on the results obtained, modular jet oil cooling is an excellent cooling solution of lithium-ion packs applicable to stationary electrical storage and transportation applications.