bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visible‐Light Mediated Photooxidative Phosphorylation of Benzylamines: A Novel and Mild Pathway Towards α‐Aminophosphorus Compounds
Authors: Ung Sosthène P.‐M. , Perepichka Inna , Li Chao‐Jun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTraditional syntheses of α‐aminophosphorus therapeutic targets proceed through the hydrophosphorylation of C=N or C=O bonds, thus necessitating preliminary oxidized substrates. Cross‐dehydrogenative coupling strategies can bypass this extra oxidation step by oxidizing simpler substrates in situ before phosphorylating them, but those protocols can suffer from the use of toxic stoichiometric oxidants. Photochemical strategies can access those oxidized intermediates without any harsh conditions and can use molecular oxygen as a benign and sustainable oxidant. We report herein a simple protocol using visible light, phosphinylidenes and benzylamine derivatives for the synthesis of α‐aminophosphorus products under aerobic conditions and using an iridium photosensitizer.
Testing the redundancy between work engagement and job attitudes: A replication and extension of the affective events theory in human resource development
Authors: Nimon Kim , Shuck Brad , Fulmore Julia , Zigarmi Drea 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe purpose of the study was two‐fold. First, the study tested the claim suggested by Newman et al. (2011) (Human Resource Development Quarterly, 22, 37–47) that data from the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale appears to be redundant with the variance that is uniquely common to job satisfaction, affective organizational commitment, and job involvement. Second, the study tested the hypothesis that the variance in work engagement that is uniquely common to the set of job attitudes studied in Newman et al. is largely positive affect. Analyses not conducted in Newman et al. (2010) (Handbook of Employee Engagement: Perspectives, Issues, Research, and Practice, pp. 43–61) were performed to deconstruct the explained variance in work engagement into commonality coefficients representing all possible subsets of variables. The findings demonstrate that variance uniquely common to job satisfaction, affective organizational commitment, and job involvement did not dominate the regression effect as previously suggested. Further, the study found that almost 50% of the variance that was uniquely common to the job attitudes studied was common with positive affect. The results of this study will help scholars and scholar‐practitioners understand the complex relationships between work engagement, job attitudes, and positive affect.
Generalized differential quadrature analysis of electro‐magneto‐hydrodynamic dissipative flows over a heated Riga plate in the presence of a space‐dependent heat source: The case for strong suction effect
Authors: Zaydan Mostafa , Hamad Najiba Hasan , Wakif Abderrahim , Dawar Abdullah , Sehaqui Rachid 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe importance of including an electromagnetic actuator as a moving boundary on the dissipative flows of weakly conducting fluids had led to many published facts. But, nothing is known on the generalized differential quadrature analysis of magnetohydrodynamics over a Riga plate with emphasis on the case of viscous dissipation and space‐dependent heat source. After deriving the simplified boundary layer equation that models the transport phenomenon, appropriate variables were used to non‐dimensionalize and parameterize the partial differential equations. Thereafter, the resulting set of ordinary differential equations was solved numerically by applying a powerful differential quadrature algorithm. Based on the outcome of the simulation, it can be concluded that the viscous frictional effect can be minimized at the Riga plate either by weakening the suction process or by heightening the magnetic parameter. Moreover, the Lorentz forces have a hastening effect on the fluid motion, in the case when those magnetic causes are directed in the same sense of the developed flow.
Submerged aquatic vegetation: Overview of monitoring techniques used for the identification and determination of spatial distribution in European coastal waters
Authors: Lønborg Christian , Thomasberger Aris , Stæhr Peter A. U. , Stockmarr Anders , Sengupta Sayantan , Rasmussen Mikkel Lydholm , Nielsen Lisbeth Tangaa , Hansen Lars Boye , Timmermann Karen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Coastal waters are highly productive and diverse ecosystems, often dominated by marine submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) and strongly affected by a range of human pressures. Due to their important ecosystem functions, for decades, both researchers and managers have investigated changes in SAV abundance and growth dynamics to understand linkages to human perturbations. In European coastal waters, monitoring of marine SAV communities traditionally combines diver observations and/or video recordings to determine, for example, spatial coverage and species composition. While these techniques provide very useful data, they are rather time consuming, labor-intensive, and limited in their spatial coverage. In this study, we compare traditional and emerging remote sensing technologies used to monitor marine SAV, which include satellite and occupied aircraft operations, aerial drones, and acoustics. We introduce these techniques and identify their main strengths and limitations. Finally, we provide recommendations for researchers and managers to choose the appropriate techniques for future surveys and monitoring programs. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:892–908. © 2021 SETAC
KEY POINTS
No technology is perfect; the monitoring objectives, data needs, and budget therefore should be known before the preferred technique is chosen. Studies should combine the different technologies as well as increase the use of machine learning for post processing of the obtained data.
Molecular analysis of alpha‐ and beta‐thalassemia in Meizhou region and comparison of gene mutation spectrum with different regions of southern China
Authors: Wu Heming , Huang Qingyan , Yu Zhikang , Zhong Zhixiong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThalassemia is a group of inherited autosomal recessive hemolytic anemia disease caused by reduced or absent synthesis of globin chain/chains of hemoglobin. Only few studies showed the molecular characterization of α‐ and β‐thalassemia in Meizhou city of China.MethodsA total of 22,401 individuals were collected; hematological and hemoglobin electrophoresis analysis and thalassemia genetic testing were performed.ResultsEleven thousand and thirty (49.24%) cases with microcytosis (mean corpuscular volume (MCV) < 82 fl), 11,074 (49.44%) cases with hypochromia (mean corpuscular Hb (MCH) < 27 pg) in 22,401 subjects, 11,085 cases with abnormal hemoglobin results were identified in subjects aged ≥6 months. 7,322 (32.69%) subjects harbored thalassemia mutations, including 4,841 (21.61%) subjects with α‐thalassemia, 2,237 (9.99%) with β‐thalassemia, and 244 (1.09%) with α‐thalassemia combined β‐thalassemia. 18 genotypes of α‐thalassemia mutations and 27 genotypes of β‐thalassemia mutations were characterized. The most frequent α gene mutation was ‐‐SEA (64.69%), followed by ‐α3.7 (19.93%), ‐α4.2 (7.73%), αCSα (3.97%), and αWSα (2.83%). The six most common β‐thalassemia mutations were IVS‐II‐654 (C>T) (39.79%), CD41‐42 (‐TCTT) (33.02%), −28 (A>G) (10.38%), CD17 (A>T) (9.08%), CD27‐28 (+C) (2.14%), and CD26 (G>A) (2.02%). In addition, MCV and MCH were sensitive markers for α‐ and β‐thalassemia except for ‐α3.7/αα, ‐α4.2/αα, αCSα/αα, αWSα/αα, and βCap+40−43/βN.ConclusionsThe ‐‐SEA, ‐α3.7, and ‐α4.2 deletions were the main mutations of α‐thalassemia, while IVS‐II‐654 (C>T), CD41‐42 (‐TCTT), −28 (A>G), and CD17 (A>T) mutations of β‐thalassemia in Meizhou. There were some differences in thalassemia mutation frequencies in Meizhou city from other populations in China.
The pathological tissue expression pattern and clinical significance of m6A‐regulatory genes in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Li Yujie , Zhang Xin , Cai Junchao , Ren Liangliang , Liu Baoyi , Wu Meimei , Lu Wenjie , Li Ronggang , Zhang Chunlai , Huang Chaowen , Tong Jinzhai , Liu Aibin , Zheng Yan , Ren Dong , Guo Yubiao , Huang Yanming 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundAberrant expression of m6A‐related proteins contributes to the occurrence and progression of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Current studies mainly focus on single m6A regulatory genes and their underlying mechanisms, and the expression of multiple m6A regulatory proteins in NSCLC remains unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically examine these proteins, particularly in clinical specimens.MethodsBioinformatic analysis was used to determine the expression of m6A regulatory genes and their correlation with common gene mutations, such as TP53, EGFR and KRAS, using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the AE‐meta databases. Immunohistochemistry was employed to analyze the protein expression of m6A regulatory proteins in 61 benign lung tissues and 316 NSCLC tissues. Statistical analysis was performed to calculate the correlation between the expression of m6A regulatory proteins and clinicopathological features, survival, and common gene mutations in lung carcinoma patients.ResultsAnalysis of the mRNA levels of 13 core m6A regulators, using information from TCGA and the AE‐meta databases, revealed that YTHDF1 levels were upregulated in NSCLC compared to those in adjacent normal tissues. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of METTL3, ALKBH5, YTHDC2 and YTHDF1 was significantly upregulated in NSCLC tissues. Further analyses demonstrated a positive correlation between differentially expressed m6A regulatory proteins, including METTL3, ALKBH5, YTHDC2 and YTHDF1, and the poor clinicopathological features and survival of NSCLC patients. According to the statistics of NSCLC patients enrolled in the present study, the protein levels of METTL3 in patients with EGFR exon‐19 mutation were higher than those in patients with wild‐type EGFR.ConclusionsOur results indicate that m6A regulators, including METTL3, ALKBH5, YTHDC2 and YTHDF1, could serve as predictive markers of NSCLC, which will facilitate the early detection and diagnosis of NSCLC.
Western Siberia experienced rapid shifts in moisture source and summer water balance during the last deglaciation and early Holocene
Authors: Cowling Owen C. , Thomas Elizabeth K. , Svendsen John Inge , Mangerud Jan , Haflidason Haflidi , Regnéll Carl , Brendryen Jo 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTThe Russian Arctic is an extensive region, with relatively few long‐duration paleoclimate reconstructions compared to other terrestrial Arctic regions. We present a 24 000‐year reconstruction of climate in the Polar Ural Mountains using n‐alkanoic acid hydrogen isotopes from Lake Bolshoye Shchuchye. Major last deglaciation climate changes in the North Atlantic are present in this record, including transitions associated with the Bølling–Allerød, Younger Dryas and Holocene. However, the magnitude of the last deglaciation isotopic shifts at Bolshoye Shchuchye are small relative to the North Atlantic, and are dwarfed by a shift to 2H‐enriched values starting at 10.5k cal a bp at this site that is not present in most other records. The last deglaciation changes may be due to variations in local temperature, sea ice cover in the Barents and Kara seas, and plant community shifts impacting transpiration. The enrichment starting at 10.5‐k cal a bp probably records a shift towards modern climate conditions, caused by the loss of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet, increased locally sourced moisture from the Barents and Kara seas, and northward treeline migration causing enhanced transpiration. Future warming may increase summer precipitation in this region, with changes to local ecosystems and carbon cycling.
Anal preservation on the psychology and quality of life of low rectal cancer
Authors: Mei Feng , Yang Xin , Na Lina , Yang Liu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe aims of this study are to evaluate depression and quality of life (QOL) after laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection (LAPR) or transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) surgery in low rectal cancer (RC) patients.MethodsThis is a prospective observational cohort study. Patients were divided into two groups: either TaTME surgery or LAPR. Psychosocial distress and QOL were assessed using a questionnaire before surgery, at 6 months postsurgery, and 12 months postsurgery. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to assess symptoms of anxiety and depression. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer‐QOL questionnaire core was used to estimate the QOL.ResultsIn the TaTME group, the scores of psychosocial distress and QOL showed an obvious tendency to decrease and then recover. Meanwhile, in the LAPR group, these scores deteriorated significantly at 6 and 12 months, and the recovery was less pronounced. Multivariable analysis suggested that surgical options and tumor stage were significantly associated with psychosocial distress and QOL.ConclusionFor low RC, TaTME could significantly improve patients’ QOL and reduce psychological distress as compared to patients with LAPR at 12 months after surgery.
Prospective study on complications using different techniques for parotidectomy for benign tumors
Authors: Thölken Rubens , Jering Monika , Mayer Marcel , Schiele Stefan , Müller Gernot , Zenk Johannes 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesLong‐term prospective studies on procedure‐related complications after parotid surgery for benign neoplasms (BNs) are scarce. This is the first prospective study on the use of extracapsular dissection (ECD) for BNs, and it aimed to examine the incidence of postoperative complications after parotid surgery for BN.MethodsWe collected data obtained in a prospective study of parotidectomy for BN at a university hospital and analyzed the transient and long‐term complications.ResultsThe incidence rates of transient facial palsy immediately and 18 months after surgery were 15.0% and 3.7%, respectively. The rates of immediate postoperative facial palsy in patients who underwent ECD, partial superficial, superficial, and total parotidectomy were 5.8%, 29.3%, 20.0%, and 44.1%, respectively. Significant risk factors for facial palsy included multiple and larger lesions as well as surgery duration and extension.ConclusionsPostoperative facial palsy remains a common complication after parotidectomy for BN and is associated with the extent of parotidectomy, presence of multiple neoplasms, and operative duration. The results of this study showed that ECD could be a safe technique for avoiding facial palsy.Level of Evidence: 2.
Contemporary Approaches for Conventional and Light‐Mediated Synthesis of Conjugated Heteroaromatic Polymers
Authors: Kaya Kerem , Yagci Yusuf 
Published: November 2021

Abstractπ‐Conjugated polymers (CPs) are industrially important materials with vast application in the fabrication of many high‐tech devices. Particularly, CPs based on heteroaromatic monomers (CHAPs) receive great interest due to their superior optoelectronic properties. CHAPs are generally synthesized by classical cross‐coupling or electrochemical polymerizations, but these methods come with major drawbacks. This review summarizes novel approaches for conventional and light‐mediated polymerizations, which overcome the shortcomings associated with these traditional approaches. Special emphasis is devoted to the photooxidative polymerization methods developed by the group for the production of CHAPs.
Study the Effects of Supramolecular Interaction on Diffusion Kinetics in Hybrid Hydrogels of Zwitterionic Polymers and CNTs
Authors: Hashmi Saud , Nadeem Saad , García‐Peñas Alberto , Ahmed Rafiq , Zahoor Awan , Vatankhah‐Varnoosfaderani Mohammad , Stadler Florian J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHybrid hydrogel systems of functionalized multi‐walled carbon nanotubes and zwitterionic sulfobetaine copolymer of thermo‐responsible poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) are synthesized and testified against different existing diffusion kinetic models in neutral, acidic, and basic environments. Evaluating these hybrid hydrogels’ swelling patterns at different pH indicates that changing pH can tailor the diffusion mechanism without affecting its diffusion kinetics. Interestingly, it is also revealed that diffusion kinetics and diffusion mechanisms are two distinct phenomena and can be viewed separately for supramolecular hybrid hydrogel systems. Elovich kinetic model best describes the swelling kinetics of only PNIPAM hydrogel. Diffusion kinetics of hybrid hydrogel of PNIPAM and CNTs or PNIPAM, zwitterion, and CNTs follow pseudo‐first‐order, while pseudo‐second‐order‐kinetics best describe hydrogels with only zwitterions. Evaluation of diffusion mechanism at different pH reveals that hydrogels with only zwitterions follow anomalous non‐Fickian diffusion, whereas only CNTs follow normal Fickian diffusion irrespective of pH; combining both systems leads to a dual‐stage diffusion mechanism at pH 2, which in turn reduces as the pH increases. These observations suggest that synergistic effects of supramolecular interactions can provide a novel property profile to hybrid hydrogels, requiring attention while designing such a system where diffusion is a decisive parameter.
Photo‐Iniferter RAFT Polymerization
Authors: Hartlieb Matthias 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLight‐mediated polymerization techniques offer distinct advantages over polymerization reactions fueled by thermal energy, such as high spatial and temporal control as well as the possibility to work under mild reaction conditions. Reversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer (RAFT) polymerization is a highly versatile radical polymerization method that can be utilized to control a variety of monomers and produce a vast number of complex macromolecular structures. The use of light to drive a RAFT‐polymerization is possible via multiple routes. Besides the use of photo‐initiators, or photo‐catalysts, the direct activation of the chain transfer agent controlling the RAFT process in a photo‐iniferter (PI) process is an elegant way to initiate and control polymerization reactions. Within this review, PI‐RAFT polymerization and its advantages over the conventional RAFT process are discussed in detail.
Microscopic multifrequency MR elastography for mapping viscoelasticity in zebrafish
Authors: Jordan Jakob Ernst Luis , Bertalan Gergely , Meyer Tom , Tzschätzsch Heiko , Gauert Anton , Bramè Luca , Herthum Helge , Safraou Yasmine , Schröder Leif , Braun Jürgen , Hagemann Anja I. H. , Sack Ingolf 
Published: November 2021

PurposeThe zebrafish (Danio rerio) has become an important animal model in a wide range of biomedical research disciplines. Growing awareness of the role of biomechanical properties in tumor progression and neuronal development has led to an increasing interest in the noninvasive mapping of the viscoelastic properties of zebrafish by elastography methods applicable to bulky and nontranslucent tissues.MethodsMicroscopic multifrequency MR elastography is introduced for mapping shear wave speed (SWS) and loss angle (φ) as markers of stiffness and viscosity of muscle, brain, and neuroblastoma tumors in postmortem zebrafish with 60 µm in‐plane resolution. Experiments were performed in a 7 Tesla MR scanner at 1, 1.2, and 1.4 kHz driving frequencies.ResultsDetailed zebrafish viscoelasticity maps revealed that the midbrain region (SWS = 3.1 ± 0.7 m/s,φ = 1.2 ± 0.3 radian [rad]) was stiffer and less viscous than telencephalon (SWS = 2.6 ± 0. 5 m/s,φ = 1.4 ± 0.2 rad) and optic tectum (SWS = 2.6 ± 0.5 m/s,φ = 1.3 ± 0.4 rad), whereas the cerebellum (SWS = 2.9 ± 0.6 m/s,φ = 0.9 ± 0.4 rad) was stiffer but less viscous than both (allp < .05). Overall, brain tissue (SWS = 2.9 ± 0.4 m/s,φ = 1.2 ± 0.2 rad) had similar stiffness but lower viscosity values than muscle tissue (SWS = 2.9 ± 0.5 m/s,φ = 1.4 ± 0.2 rad), whereas neuroblastoma (SWS = 2.4 ± 0.3 m/s,φ = 0.7 ± 0.1 rad, allp < .05) was the softest and least viscous tissue.ConclusionMicroscopic multifrequency MR elastography‐generated maps of zebrafish show many details of viscoelasticity and resolve tissue regions, of great interest in neuromechanical and oncological research and for which our study provides first reference values.
Phase‐independent thermometry by Z‐spectrum MR imaging
Authors: Scotti Alessandro M. , Damen Frederick , Gao Jin , Li Weiguo , Liew Chong Wee , Cai Zimeng , Zhang Zhuoli , Cai Kejia 
Published: November 2021

PurposeZ‐spectrum imaging, defined as the consecutive collection of images after saturating over a range of frequency offsets, has been recently proposed as a method to measure the fat–water fraction by the simultaneous detection of fat and water resonances. By incorporating a binomial pulse irradiated at each offset before the readout, the spectral selectivity of the sequence can be further amplified, making it possible to monitor the subtle proton resonance frequency shift that follows a change in temperature.MethodsWe tested the hypothesis in aqueous and cream phantoms and in healthy mice, all under thermal challenge. The binomial module consisted of 2 sinc‐shaped pulses of opposite phase separated by a delay. Such a delay served to spread out off‐resonance spins, with the resulting excitation profile being a periodic function of the delay and the chemical shift.ResultsDuring heating experiments, the water resonance shifted downfield, and by fitting the curve to a sine function it was possible to quantify the change in temperature. Results from Z‐spectrum imaging correlated linearly with data from conventional MRI techniques like T1 mapping and phase differences from spoiled GRE.ConclusionBecause the measurement is performed solely on magnitude images, the technique is independent of phase artifacts and is therefore applicable in mixed tissues (e.g., fat). We showed that Z‐spectrum imaging can deliver reliable temperature change measurement in both muscular and fatty tissues.
Histologic and physiologic analysis of the relationship between the dorsal nerve of the penis and the corpus cavernosum on a rat model. A complementary pathway on the innervation of penile erection?
Authors: Kozacioglu Zafer , Vatansever H. Seda , Onal Tuna , Kutlu Necip , Ozel Fehmi , Gunlusoy Bulent , Gumus Bilal H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimThe dorsal nerve of the penis (DNP) is the terminal branch of the pudendal nerve which is responsible for the somatic innervation of the penis. This study aims to outline any direct role of the DNP in the hemodynamics of erection histologically and physiologically.Materials and MethodsFifteen Wistar albino rats were sorted into the electrical activity (n = 6), intracavernous pressure (n = 4), and control (n = 5) groups. The dorsal nerve was electrostimulated and the simultaneous changes in intracavernous pressure and smooth muscle activity were recorded. Penile tissues were collected, fixed, and sectioned, the slides were stained with either hematoxylin‐eosin for morphological evaluation or using the indirect immunoperoxidase technique to analyze the distributions of eNOS, iNOS, and nNOS.ResultsDuring electrostimulation, there was a simultaneous statistically significant decrease in the electrical activity inside the corpora in electromyography and an increase in intracavernous pressure. eNOS and iNOS immunoreactivities were higher in the study group than in the control group. nNOS immunoreactivity was moderate in both study and control groups.ConclusionSome fibers in the dorsal nerve of penis continue into the corpora cavernosa through the tunica albuginea and have an active, direct role in the hemodynamic process of erection, which may be complementary to the main route of innervation.