bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disparities in Reported Testing for 1p/19q Codeletion in Oligodendroglioma and Oligoastrocytoma Patients: An Analysis of the National Cancer Database
Authors: Zreik Jad , Kerezoudis Panagiotis , Alvi Mohammed Ali , Yolcu Yagiz U. , Kizilbash Sani H. 
Published: November 2021

PurposeA chromosomal 1p/19q codeletion was included as a required diagnostic component of oligodendrogliomas in the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of central nervous system tumors. We sought to evaluate disparities in reported testing for 1p/19q codeletion among oligodendroglioma and oligoastrocytoma patients before and after the guidelines.MethodsThe National Cancer Database (NCDB) was queried for patients with histologically-confirmed WHO grade II/III oligodendroglioma or oligoastrocytoma from 2011-2017. Adjusted odds of having a reported 1p/19q codeletion test for patient- and hospital-level factors were calculated before (2011-2015) and after (2017) the guidelines. The adjusted likelihood of receiving adjuvant treatment (chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy) based on reported testing was also evaluated.ResultsOverall, 6,404 patients were identified. The reported 1p/19q codeletion testing rate increased from 45.8% in 2011 to 59.8% in 2017. From 2011-2015, lack of insurance (OR 0.77; 95% CI 0.62-0.97;p=0.025), lower zip code-level educational attainment (OR 0.62; 95% CI 0.49-0.78;p&lt;0.001), and Northeast (OR 0.68; 95% CI 0.57-0.82;p&lt;0.001) or Southern (OR 0.62; 95% CI 0.49-0.79;p&lt;0.001) facility geographic region were negatively associated with reported testing. In 2017, Black race (OR 0.49; 95% CI 0.26-0.91;p=0.024) and Northeast (OR 0.50; 95% CI 0.30-0.84;p=0.009) or Southern (OR 0.42; 95% CI 0.22-0.78;p=0.007) region were negatively associated with reported testing. Patients with a reported test were more likely to receive adjuvant treatment (OR 1.73; 95% CI 1.46-2.04;p&lt;0.001).ConclusionDespite the 2016 WHO guidelines, disparities in reported 1p/19q codeletion testing by geographic region persisted while new disparities in race/ethnicity were identified, which may influence oligodendroglioma and oligoastrocytoma patient management.
Safety Profile of Immunotherapy Combined With Antiangiogenic Therapy in Patients With Melanoma: Analysis of Three Clinical Studies
Authors: Tian Hui , Wang Xuan , Lian Bin , Yan Xieqiao , Si Lu , Chi Zhihong , Sheng Xinan , Kong Yan , Mao Lili , Bai Xue , Tang Bixia , Li Siming , Zhou Li , Cui Chuanliang , Guo Jun 
Published: November 2021

Objective: To describe the frequency and spectrum of treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) of immunotherapy combined with antiangiogenic therapy in patients with melanoma.Methods: This retrospective cohort study included three clinical trials on patients with stage III/IV melanoma treated with anti–PD 1 and antiangiogenic therapy.Results: We analyzed data from 72 patients with a median follow-up time of 25.9 months (95% CI, 9.1–42.7 m). The median treatment duration was 7.5 months (range, 0.7–42.8 m), and the median of treatment cycles was 11.0 (range, 1–90). Most patients (70 of 72 or 97.2%) experienced TRAEs (mostly grades 1 or 2). No drug-related deaths were reported. Most TRAEs were hepatic (75%), endocrine (72.2%), skin (65.3%), and gastrointestinal tract (59.7%) manifestations, followed by myelosuppression (55.6%), renal dysfunction (55.6%), and dyslipidaemia (54.2%). The adverse event (AE) spectra were similar between regimens. Using multivariate Cox proportional risk models showed that hypertension was associated with a long PFS. According to our multivariable logistic regression models, TRAEs were not associated with ORR.Conclusion: We found that the prevalence of AEs was higher than that of anti–PD-1 monotherapy. Most of the AEs were mild. The AE spectra were similar to those seen after anti–PD-1 or antiangiogenic therapy monotherapy, without unexpected AEs. Immunotherapy combined with antiangiogenic therapy was well tolerated.Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03955354.
PERTANGGUNGAN KECELAKAAN PENUMPANG ANGKUTAN BERBASIS APLIKASI ONLINE DALAM PERLINDUNGAN DASAR PEMERINTAH
Authors: Kusumo Guntur Rubyantoro 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT The development of technology gave birth to a new system in passenger transportation vehicle, one of that development is online-based transportation. The transportation user is increasing, but there was obscured legal relations between passengers, online-based transportation companies and insurance company. Legal certainty of security guarantee, safety and passenger protection to get insurance according to Law Number 33 Year 1964 also vague from social-security context. This study used normative juridical method. Statute Approach and Conceptual Approach with normative analysis (Content Analysis) used to examine the legal substance that has collected using literature study on the main legal substance sources of Law Number 33 Year 1964 and Law Number 22 Year 2009 . The results of this research convice that legal relations created between passengers and online-based transportation companies is the conveyance agreement, while the online-based transportation companies with the insurance company is the compulsive insurance, as the premium payer is the online-based transportation companies and the insured is the passenger with State-Owned Enterprise insurance company as the insurer. Guarantee from Law Number 33 Year 1964 given to casualty if the victims get injury or disability, but if they gone, the insurer gave compensation to their heir. The premium amount and passenger insurance was stipulated in Regulation of the Finance Ministry Number 15/PMK/0.10/2017. Insurance scope guarantee from board until debark the online-based transportation. Suicide, vehicle races, accident due to war, and natural disaster makes claim rejected. Insurance expiration is six months from accident, three months since submission, and three months after approval for insurance payments. Keywords: Coverage, Basic Protection, Onlinse-based Application
PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA BATAS ANTAR DAERAH
Authors: Patongloan Andre Junianto 
Published: November 2021

Abstract Inter-regional Border Dispute Resolution by Andre Junianto Patongloan and guided by Dr. Marthen B. Salinding, Salinding, SH, MH and Dr. Basri, SH, M.Kn. In a study of this, the formulation of the problem that is raised among others: 1. Urgency Affirmation of Region in the Formation of Territory, 2. Efforts Law Against Settlement Dispute Regional Boundaries. The study is intended to examine is normative and examine the issue of the legal use of the principles of law as well as by using a methodology approach to regulation law - law (statue approach) and the approach of the case (case approach). That regional autonomy is a promising manifestation for the region, which is tight relation to the boundaries of the area that was in the area of autonomous mentioned. Problems boundary area has a dimension that is very complex, such as; conflict social, conflict sources of the power of nature, conflict ethnicity /culture /ethnicity and so forth. Completion tiered by the Governor and the Minister in the State, is a form of public law in the name of the state. The role of the Governor and the Minister in the State shows the behavior of an active state, as affirmed in the principle of the modern state. Form of settlement of disputes boundary region between regions as part of the implementation of the functions of government found their Autonom organs of government ( vrijbevoegdheid), discretionary or Freiesermessen ), this is because the regulatory legislation that no-load norms are vague ( voge norm), the norm is open (open norm ) or contains a choice (choice) . In this case, it must be understood that what is done by a government organ is not in a capacity as a function of hearing or as a function of legislation. Settlement of disputes boundary region between regions that pursued by the mechanism of the law of the country through the agency of justice which there has been expected to provide legal certainty and a sense of justice. In preventing the confusion of the conflict norm on several levels of regulation law for the settlement of disputes boundary region between regions. the principle of cooperation between regions can be relied upon to translate legal certainty and provide a sense fair for the government area to organize and manage the limits of its territory as one of the supporting creation of the implementation of the autonomous regions that good.Keyword: Establishment of Regional, Local Limits, Settlement Dispute.
DISCURSIVE CATEGORIES OF EVALUATION AND DIALOGICITY IN ACADEMIC DISCOURSE
Authors: Хутыз Ирина Павловна , Петренко Юлия Андреевна 
Published: November 2021

В статье рассматриваются характеристики дискурсивных категорий оценки и диалогичности в академическом дискурсе. Оценка изучена на материале 5 отзывов о диссертации, размещенных на сайте КубГУ, а дискурсивная категория диалогичности - на материале трех открытых лекций современных лингвистов. В ходе исследования были использованы методы дискурсивного и лингвопрагматического анализа, классификации, систематизации и интерпретации. В результате проведенного исследования мы делаем вывод о том, что оценка в отзыве преимущественно реализуется с помощью обязательных и факультативных компонентов, а также обуславливается коммуникативной ситуацией, заданной параметрами институциональности академического дискурса. Диалогичность, способствующая интерактивному характеру лекции и усиливающая чувство контакта лектора с аудиторией, конструируется средствами, которые объединяют лектора со слушателями в единую коммуникативную плоскость. В анализируемых лекциях нами были выделены тактики диалогизации: управление вниманием; очеловечивание лектора; объяснение лектором своих действий, которые формируют дискурсивную категорию диалогичности. Научная новизна данного исследования заключается в следующем: выявлена специфика категории оценки на материале отзыва о диссертации, в результате чего конкретизируются особенности данного жанра академического дискурса; определены тактики коммуникативной стратегии кооперации, с помощью которой конструируется категория диалогичности в лекции.
The article examines the characteristics of the discursive categories of evaluation and dialogicity in academic discourse. Evaluation is examined in five dissertation reviews available on the website of Kuban State University. Dialogicity is studied in three open lectures by modern Russian linguists. The methodology includes methods of discursive and pragmatic analysis, classification, systematization, and interpreting. The conclusion made is that the category of evaluation in the dissertation review is expressed by means of compulsory and optional components, and by the communicative situation determined by the institutional parameters of discourse. Dialogicity makes the lecture discourse interactive, enhances the speaker’s contact with listeners and is constructed with the help of the means that unite the lecturer with the audience during the process of communication. It was discovered that the communication strategy of cooperation is constructed by means of the following tactics: dialogizing, attention management, explaining lecturer’s actions, and lecturer’s humanizing. The scientific novelty of this study is in identification of the specific features of the evaluation category in dissertation reviews, which allows us to specify the features of this genre of academic discourse; in determining the components of the communication strategy of cooperation that constructs dialogicity in lecture discourse.
CLASSIFICATION OF ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION SKILLS AS AN OBJECT OF TEACHING ENGLISH PRACTICAL PHONETICS AT LINGUISTICS INSTITUTE (PEDAGOGICAL TRAINING)
Authors: Любимова Алина Андреевна 
Published: November 2021

В данной статье аргументируется необходимость пересмотра номенклатуры профессионально-профильных устно-речевых умений как объекта контроля при обучении практической фонетике английского языка в языковом вузе в условиях функционирования английского языка как глобального лингва франка. Основываясь на результатах анализа научных и нормативных источников, автор предлагает расширенный перечень профессионально-профильных устно-речевых умений, формирование и развитие которых представляется целесообразным для студентов, обучающихся по программам бакалавриата языкового вуза (педагогический профиль). Предлагаемая номенклатура продуктивных и рецептивных умений учитывает требования к нормативности в оформлении устной речи будущего преподавателя английского языка, необходимость формирования медиативных устно-речевых умений при овладении фонетикой английского языка как глобального лингва франка, а также необходимость формирования и поддержания готовности студентов языкового вуза к общению в условиях социокультурного разнообразия и произносительной вариативности.
This article seeks to justify the necessity of rethinking and re-establishing the range of professional pronunciation skills that English language teaching and linguistics majors are required to develop. This change is conditioned by the status of English as a global lingua franca, i.e., the primary language of international communication, and the consequent recent change in international requirements towards English learners’ pronunciation. The suggested list of pronunciation skills is based on the recommendations outlined in contemporary phonetics research as well as Russian and international educational standards and requirements. It takes into consideration the necessity of developing students’ mediation skills as well as their readiness to participate in intercultural communication with the representatives of various sociocultural and linguistic backgrounds.
AGN−Host Interaction in IC 5063. I. Large-scale X-Ray Morphology and Spectral Analysis
Authors: Travascio A. , Fabbiano G. , Paggi A. , Elvis M. , Maksym W. P. , Morganti R. , Oosterloo T. , Fiore F. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We report the analysis of the deep (∼270 ks) X-ray Chandra data of one of the most radio-loud, Seyfert 2 galaxies in the nearby universe (z = 0.01135), IC 5063. The alignment of the radio structure with the galactic disk and ionized bicone, enables us to study the effects of both radio jet and nuclear irradiation on the interstellar medium (ISM). The nuclear and bicone spectra suggest a low photoionization phase mixed with a more ionized or thermal gas component, while the cross-cone spectrum is dominated by shocked and collisionally ionized gas emission. The clumpy morphology of the soft (<3 keV) X-ray emission along the jet trails, and the large (≃2.4 kpc) filamentary structure perpendicular to the radio jets at softer energies (<1.5 keV), suggest a large contribution of the jet−ISM interaction to the circumnuclear gas emission. The hard X-ray continuum (>3 keV) and the Fe Kα 6.4 keV emission are both extended to kpc size along the bicone direction, suggesting an interaction of nuclear photons with dense clouds in the galaxy disk, as observed in other Compton Thick (CT) active nuclei. The northwest cone spectrum also exhibits an Fe xxv emission line, which appears spatially extended and spatially correlated with the most intense radio hot-spot, suggesting jet−ISM interaction.
Ion Cloud Expansion after Hyper-velocity Dust Impacts Detected by the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission Electric Probes in the Dipole Configuration
Authors: Vaverka Jakub , Pavlů Jiří , Nouzák Libor , Šafránková Jana , Němeček Zdeněk , Antonsen Tarjei , Mann Ingrid , Lindqvist Per-Arne 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Dust impact detection by electric field instruments is a well-established technique. On the other hand, not all aspects of signal generation by dust impacts are completely understood. We present a study of events related to dust impacts on the spacecraft body detected by electric field probes operating simultaneously in the monopole (probe-to-spacecraft potential measurement) and dipole (probe-to-probe potential measurement) configurations by the Earth-orbiting Magnetospheric Multiscale mission spacecraft. This unique measurement allows us to investigate connections between monopole and dipole data. Our analysis shows that the signal detected by the electric field instrument in a dipole configuration is generated by an ion cloud expanding along the electric probes. In this case, expanding ions affect not only the potential of the spacecraft body but also one or more electric probes at the end of antenna booms. Electric probes located far from the spacecraft body can be influenced by an ion cloud only when the spacecraft is located in tenuous ambient plasma inside of the Earth's magnetosphere. Derived velocities of the expanding ions on the order of tens of kilometers per second are in the range of values measured experimentally in the laboratory.
The Stochastic X-Ray Variability of the Accreting Millisecond Pulsar IGR J17062–6143
Authors: Bult Peter 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This work presents an investigation of the stochastic X-ray variability from the 164 Hz accreting millisecond pulsar IGR J17062–6143, based on regular observations collected with the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer between 2017 July and 2020 August. Over this period, the power-density spectrum showed a stable morphology, with broad ∼25% rms band-limited noise below 16 Hz. Quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) were occasionally observed, with the most notable detections including a low-frequency QPO centered at 2.7 Hz and a sharp QPO centered at 115 Hz that may be a 2:3 resonance with the spin frequency. Further, the energy dependence of the band-limited noise is studied through a spectroscopic analysis of the complex covariance in two frequency intervals. It is found that the power-law continuum is the primary driver for the observed variability, although the thermal (blackbody) emission also appears to be intrinsically variable in area (5% rms) and temperature (1% rms). Notably, the 1 keV emission feature seen in all X-ray spectra of IGR J17062–6143 varies with the same amplitude as the power-law emission, but systematically lags behind that continuum emission. These results appear consistent with a scenario in which a time-variable Compton scattering corona is the primary source for the observed stochastic variability, with the variability observed in the emission feature and at the lowest photon energies being due to the disk reflection of the power-law continuum.
The Formation of Astromolecule Ethynyl Cyclopropenylidene (c-C3HCCH) from C2H and c-C3H2
Authors: Fortenberry Ryan C. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Reaction schema for the formation of the recently detected ethynyl cyclopropenylidene (c-C3HCCH) molecule are currently lacking in the literature. The present quantum chemical study shows that the reaction of the abundant ethynyl (C2H) and cyclopropenylidene (c-C3H2) molecules proceeds barrierlessly through the formation of a 1 2
A c-HC3HCCH intermediate at 71.2 kcal mol−1 below the reactants. The uphill exit channel climb for the C−H bond dissociation will compete with a transition state 45.9 kcal mol−1 below the reactants to form another, lower-energy intermediate (

1

2

A
′

c-C3H2CCH) 84.3 kcal mol−1 below the reactants. The direct dissociation from the first intermediate is likely the dominant pathway under astrophysical conditions because the hydrogen leaving group can dissipate the energy kinetically. In either case of direct dissociation or crossing the transition state, the hydrogen atom dissociation to the final products lying 27.2 kcal mol−1 below the starting materials requires a crossover of electronic states with the singly occupied molecular orbital moving from the π cloud of the cyclopropenyl group onto the leaving H atom. As a result, this C2H + c-C3H2 → c-C3HCCH + H reaction should be as fast as theorized in astrophysical media such as TMC-1, where the titular molecule has now been observed.
An Eclipsing Black Widow Pulsar in NGC 6712
Authors: Yan Zhen , Pan Zhi-chen , Ransom Scott M. , Lorimer Duncan R. , Qian Lei , Wang Pei , Shen Zhi-qiang , Li Di , Jiang Peng , Luo Jin-Tao , Liu Jie , Huang Zhi-peng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We report the discovery of the first radio pulsar associated with NGC 6712, an eclipsing black widow (BW) pulsar, J1853–0842A, found by high-sensitivity searches using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope. This 2.15 ms pulsar is in a 3.56 hr compact circular orbit with a very low mass companion likely of mass 0.018 to 0.036 M
⊙ and exhibits eclipsing of the pulsar signal. Though the distance to PSR J1853–0842A predicted from its dispersion measure (155.125 ± 0.004 cm−3 pc) and Galactic free electron density models are about 30% smaller than that of NGC 6712 obtained from interstellar reddening measurements, this is likely due to limited knowledge about the spiral arms and Scutum stellar cloud in this direction. Follow-up timing observations spanning 445 days allow us to localize the pulsar’s position to be 0.14 core radii from the center of NGC 6712 and measure a negative spin-down rate for this pulsar of −2.39(2) × 10−21 s s−1. The latter cannot be explained without the acceleration of the globular cluster (GC) and decisively supports the association between PSR J1853–0842A and NGC 6712. Considering the maximum GC acceleration, the Galactic acceleration, and the Shklovskii effect, we place an upper limit on the intrinsic spin-down rate to be 1.11 × 10−20 s s−1. From an analysis of the eclipsing observations, we estimate the electron density of the eclipse region to be about 1.88 × 106 cm−3. We also place an upper limit of the accretion rate from the companion at about 3.05 × 10−13
M
⊙ yr−1, which is comparable with some other BWs.
The Observed Mass Distribution of Galactic Black Hole LMXBs Is Biased against Massive Black Holes
Authors: Jonker Peter G. , Kaur Karamveer , Stone Nicholas , Torres Manuel A. P. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The discovery of gravitational-wave radiation from merging black holes (BHs) also uncovered BHs with masses in the range of ≈20–160 M
⊙. In contrast, the most massive Galactic stellar-mass BH currently known has a mass of ≈21 M
⊙. While low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) will never independently evolve into a binary BH system, and binary evolution effects can play an important role in explaining the different BH masses found through studies of X-ray binaries and gravitational-wave events, (electromagnetic) selection effects may also play a role in this discrepancy. Assuming BH LMXBs originate in the Galactic plane, we show that the spatial distributions of the current samples of confirmed and candidate BH LMXBs are both biased to sources that lie at a large distance from the plane. Specifically, most of the confirmed and candidate BH LMXBs are found at a Galactic height larger than three times the scale height for massive star formation. In addition, the confirmed BH LMXBs are found at larger distances to the Galactic center than the candidate BH LMXBs. Interstellar absorption makes candidate BH LMXBs in the plane and bulge too faint for a dynamical mass measurement using current instrumentation. Given the observed and theoretical evidence for BH natal and/or Blaauw kicks, their relation with BH mass and binary orbital period, and the relation between outburst recurrence time and BH mass, the observational selection effects imply that the current sample of confirmed BH LMXBs is biased against the most massive BHs.