bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Printing and Computer Navigation for Correction of Multiple Deformities in Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: Chan Ping-Keung , Fang Christian , Fang Evan , Leung Matthew , Yan Chun-Hoi , Chiu Kwong-Yuen 
Published: May 2021

Case:
A 44-year-old man with osteogenesis imperfecta presented with multiple debilitating musculoskeletal deformities. Bi-level osteotomies, assisted by 3-dimensional (3D)-printed patient-specific cutting guides, were performed to correct extraarticular valgus and procurvatum tibial deformities. Concomitant computer-navigated total knee arthroplasty was performed to restore neutral mechanical alignment. Postoperative x-ray showed good correction of deformities, and 1 year postoperatively, the patient is able to walk unaided with significant resolution of knee pain.

Conclusion:
3D-printed osteotomy guides and computer navigation can be instrumental in procedures requiring a high degree of precision. With sufficient training, modern orthopaedic technologies can be implemented by surgeons themselves and combined to facilitate precise and personalized management of challenging conditions.
Comprehensive Fall Velocity Study on Continuous Flow Plungers
Authors: Sayman Ozan , Pereyra Eduardo , Sarica Cem 
Published: May 2021

Summary
The objective of this study is the experimental and theoretical investigation of the fall mechanics of continuous flow plungers. Fall velocity of the two-piece plungers with different sleeve and ball combinations and bypass plungers are examined in both static and dynamic conditions to develop a drag coefficient relationship. The dimensionless analysis conducted included the wall effect, inclination, and the liquid holdup correction of the fall stage. A fall model is developed to estimate fall velocities of the ball, sleeve, and bypass plungers. Sensitivity analysis is performed to reveal influential parameters to the fall velocity of continuous flow plungers.
In a static facility, four sleeves with different height, weight, and outer diameter (OD); three balls made with different materials; and a bypass plunger are tested in four different mediums. The wall effect on the settling velocity is defined, and it is used to validate the ball drag coefficient results obtained from the experimental setup. Two-phase flow experiments were conducted by injecting gas into the static liquid column, and the liquid holdup effect on the drag coefficient is observed. Experiments in a dynamic facility are used for liquid holdup and deviation corrections. The fall model is developed to estimate fall velocities of the continuous flow plungers against the flow. Dimensionless parameters obtained in the experiments are combined with multiphase flow simulation to estimate the fall velocity of plungers in the field scale.
Reference drag coefficient values of plungers are obtained for respective Reynolds number values. Experimental wall effect, liquid holdup, and inclination corrections are provided. The fall model results for separation time, fall velocity, total fall duration, and maximum flow rate to fall against are estimated for different cases. Sensitivity analysis showed that the drag coefficient, the weight of plungers, pressure, and gas flow rate are the most influential parameters for the fall velocity of the plungers. Furthermore, the fall model revealed that plungers fall slowest at the wellhead conditions for the range of gas flow rates experienced in field conditions. Lower pressure at the wellhead had two opposing effects; namely, reduced gas density, thereby reducing the drag and gas expansion that increased the gas velocity, which in turn increased the drag.
Estimating fall velocity of continuous flow plungers is crucial to optimize ball and sleeve separation time, plunger selection, and the gas injection rate for plunger-assisted gas lift (PAGL). The fall model provides maximum flow rate to fall against, which is defined as the upper operational boundary for continuous flow plungers. This study presents a new methodology to predict fall velocity using the drag coefficient vs. Reynolds number relationship, wall effect, liquid holdup, deviation corrections, and incorporating multiphase flow simulation.
Altered Gray-White Matter Boundary Contrast in Toddlers at Risk for Autism Relates to Later Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Authors: Godel Michel , Andrews Derek Sayre , Amaral David Gil , Ozonoff Sally , Young Gregory S. , Lee Joshua K. , Nordahl Christine Wu , Schaer Marie 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Recent neuroimaging studies have highlighted differences in cerebral maturation in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in comparison to typical development. For instance, the contrast of the gray-white matter boundary is decreased in adults with ASD. To determine how gray-white matter boundary integrity relates to early ASD phenotypes, we used a regional structural MRI index of gray-white matter contrast (GWC) on a sample of toddlers with a hereditary high risk for ASD. Methods: We used a surface-based approach to compute vertex-wise GWC in a longitudinal cohort of toddlers at high-risk for ASD imaged twice between 12 and 24 months (n=20). A full clinical assessment of ASD-related symptoms was performed in conjunction with imaging and again at three years of age for diagnostic outcome. Three outcome groups were defined (ASD, n=9; typical development, n=8; non-typical development, n=3).Results: ASD diagnostic outcome at age 3 was associated with widespread increases in GWC between age 12 and 24 months. Many cortical regions were affected, including regions implicated in social processing and language acquisition. In parallel, we found that early onset of ASD symptoms (i.e. prior to 18-months) was specifically associated with slower GWC rates of change during the second year of life. These alterations were found in areas mainly belonging to the central executive network.Limitations: Our study is the first to measure maturational changes in GWC in toddlers who developed autism, but given the limited size of our sample results should be considered exploratory and warrant further replication in independent and larger samples. Conclusion: These preliminary results suggest that ASD is linked to early alterations of the gray-white matter boundary in widespread brain regions. Early onset of ASD diagnosis constitutes an independent clinical parameter associated with a specific corresponding neurobiological developmental trajectory. Altered neural migration and/or altered myelination processes potentially explain these findings.
Hybrid Whale Optimization Algorithm Based on Three Spiral Searching Strategies and Sine Cosine Operator with Convergence Factor
Authors: Zhang Ji , Yang Kai , wang jiesheng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) is a swarm intelligence algorithm inspired by whale hunting behavior. Aiming at the defect that the spiral update mechanism in WOA may exceed the search range, three different spiral searching strategies are first proposed. The agents search with a more reasonable and broader route distribution so as to improve population diversity and traversal. Secondly, an improved sine cosine operator based on the convergence factor was proposed to improve the search efficiency of WOA, where sine search is used for global exploration and cosine search is used for local exploitation. The proposed convergence factor enables search agents to adaptively balance the exploration and exploitation phases with iterations. In the simulation experiment, the effectiveness of three spiral search strategies and sine cosine operator is verified. Then, the whale optimization algorithm (WOA), salp swarm algorithm (SSA), firefly algorithm (FA), moth-flame optimization (MFO) algorithm, fireworks algorithm (FWA), sine cosine algorithm (SCA) and improved WOA are selected for comparison experiments. Finally, the improved WOA is applied to two engineering problems (three-bar truss design problem and the welded beam optimization problem). The experimental results show that compared with other optimization algorithms, the improved WOA has the advantages of high search accuracy, fast convergence speed, and avoiding falling into local optimal values.
Design and Optimization of Slotted Block Horn Utilized in Ultrasonic Insertion Process Through Rsm-fea-ga Integration Technique
Authors: Kumarasamy Anand , Sooriyamoorthy Elangovan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper investigates design and optimization of slotted block horn used in ultrasonic insertion process by integrating response surface methodology (RSM), finite element analysis (FEA) and genetic algorithm (GA). Performance and reliability of block horn depend on the uniformity of displacement amplitude developed at the output face of horn. Amplitude uniformity of horn can be improved by optimizing the design of block horn. Modal and harmonic analyses are carried out as per design matrix obtained from RSM, and then non-linear model for displacement amplitude is developed. Design optimization of block horn is performed by coupling the non-linear model with GA as fitness function. Thermal analysis is carried out to validate optimized dimensions of block horn theoretically by predicting the temperature at joint. Slotted block horn is fabricated with optimum geometry using Aluminium alloy (AA6351) and the design is validated experimentally by measuring the temperature at joint using thermocouple and Data Acquisition System (DAQ). Results of this study show that the temperature predicted from thermal analysis correlates well with temperature measured from experiments and the design of slotted block horn is validated.
Watershed Prioritization and Decision Making Based On Weighted Sum Analysis, Feature Ranking and Machine Learning Techniques.
Authors: Darji Kishanlal Ramlal , Patel Dhruvesh Prehladbhai , Vakharia Vinay , Panchal Jaimin , Dubey Amit Kumar , Gupta Praveen , Singh Raghavendra P 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Prediction and validation of Compound factors for prioritization of watersheds is an essential application using Machine Learning (ML) Techniques in water resources engineering. In the current paper, a method is proposed to derive 14 morphometric and 3 Topo-hydrological parameters using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS), whereas prediction and validation of compound factor using ML techniques. Compound factor (CF) values are calculated using Weighted Sum Analysis (WSA), ReliefF, correlation coefficient techniques. A ten-fold cross-validation technique is applied to two machine learning models Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Predication accuracy of models has been further achieved by feature ranking. The accuracy of ML models is evaluated with three parameters, Mean Absolute Error (MEA), Correlation Coefficient (CC), and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). With the ranked features and Ten-fold cross-validation, prediction results were found to be better. The methodology will be useful for the accurate prediction of CF values and to reduce the uncertainty in watershed prioritization for conservation techniques for soil and water.
Calcified Catheter-Related Fibrin Sheath Forms Large Intravenous Cast In Hemodialysis Patient Causing Embolic Sequalae: A Case Report
Authors: Newman Justin , Melamed Joshua , Blivaiss Chava , Gibson Vanessa , Andaz Shahriyour 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Catheter related sheath (CRS) formation secondary to chronic indwelling central venous catheters (CVC) is a well-documented complication. When these fibrin sheaths calcify, they can form a “cast” surrounding the catheter. Upon removal of the CVC a rare complication can occur where the calcified sheath remains in-situ leaving behind an intraluminal catheter-shaped cast. Case Presentation: We present the case of a 57-year-old dialysis dependent woman found to have a right internal jugular vein cast during the evaluation and treatment of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia. Conclusions: This case reviews and discusses the embolic complications suspected to be a result of this cast. Our case provides insight into the clinical course, diagnostic methods, and imaging identification of a rare pathology and its unique complications.
Research On Drilling CFRP Laminate With A Thin Woven Glass Fiber Surface Layer Using Plane Rake Faced Twist Drill
Authors: Liu Liping , Lian Bo , Zhou Changgeng , Duan Kehao , Zhu Xueming , Xia Pingfeng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The delamination produced during drilling CFRP will affect its structural strength seriously. Delamination is closely related to the thrust force during drilling, which is closely related to the tool, so it is particularly important to choose the tools with appropriate geometric structure. Many scholars used tools with different geometric structure to drill CFRP, and then conducted the drilling damage analyses and drilling mechanism researches. It finally came to a conclusion that drill with special structure had certain advantage compared with common twist drill in the drilling process. In this paper, a new type of plane rake faced twist drill was used to drill the CFRP laminate with a thin woven glass fiber surface layer. Experimental results showed that plane rake faced twist drill along cutting edge had a constant reference rake angle value, which caused the plane rake faced twist drill generated smaller thrust force and less drilling damage than the common twist drill. As the reference rake angle of plane rake faced twist drill increased, the thrust force and drilling damage decreased. It was revealed the inhibition of the thin woven glass fiber surface layer on the drilling damage at entrance and exit. Finally, it was proposed that when plane rake faced twist drill was used to drill CFRP laminate with a thin woven glass fiber surface, 46° reference rake angle should be selected.
OsRuvBL1a DNA Helicase Boost Salinity and Drought Tolerance in Transgenic Indica Rice Raised by In-Planta Transformation
Authors: Saifi Shabnam K , Passricha Nishat , Tuteja Renu , Nath Manoj , Gill Sarvajeet Singh , Tuteja Narendra 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
RuvBL, is a member of SF6 superfamily of helicases and is conserved among the various model systems. Recently rice homolog of RuvBL has been biochemically characterized for its ATPase and DNA helicase activities, however its involvement in stress is not been studied yet. This study reports the detailed functional characterization of RuvBL homolog of Oryza sativa, under abiotic stress through transgenic approach. An improved Agrobacterium-mediated in-planta transformation method was developed in indica rice to generate the transgenic lines and study was focused on optimization of factors to achieve maximum transformation efficiency. Overexpressing OsRuvBL1a transgenics showed enhanced tolerance under in vivo salinity stress as compared to WT plants. The physiological and biochemical analysis of the OsRuvBL1a transgenic lines showed better performance under salinity and drought stresses. Several stress responsive interacting partners of OsRuvBL1a were identified using Y2H method. Working mechanism for boosting the stress tolerance by OsRuvBL1a has been proposed in this study. This integration of OsRuvBL1a gene in rice genome using in-planta transformation method helped us to achieve the abiotic stress tolerant smart crop. This study is the first direct evidence to show the novel function of RuvBL in boosting abiotic stress tolerance in plants.
An Accurate Carbon Accounting Model Based on the Micro-level Process Principles for the Lean Carbon Management in the Blast Furnace Ironmaking
Authors: Yu Shujun , Lin Fangjia , Zhao Gang , Zhang Zequan , Zhang Hua 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background:The carbon accounting plays a critical role in the lean carbon management and the policy formulation for industrial entities. The carbon accounting method based on emission factors offered by IPCC usually leads significant errors on the micro-level of the enterprise. For achieving a bottom-up lean carbon management with higher accounting accuracy, a micro-carbon accounting model based on the micro-level process principles is established on a S-system of dynamics with using the approximation method of power law and Michaelis-Menten law. It is used to predict the amounts of various resources and output products at the process nodes under predetermined simulation conditions.Results:In the case study on a blast furnace ironmaking system, it succeeds in accurately predicting the amount of products including carbon emissions depending on the massive variables of materials and fuels. Further study on the residual analysis shows that mean errors of the CO2 and CO emissions are respectively 5.23% and 6.77% while using the micro-carbon accounting model.Conclusions:This method better addresses the challenge of severely overestimation on carbon emissions in the carbon accounting of the ironmaking industry. It offers a prospective and accurate carbon accounting model further for formulating more targeted policies of the lean carbon management at a micro-level of an enterprise.
Production of Cocktail of Lignolytic, Cellulolytic and Hemicellulolytic Enzymes by the Novel Bacterium Burkholderia Sp SMB1 Utilizing Rice Bran and Straw: Application in the Saccharification of Untreated Agro-Wastes for Bioethanol Production
Authors: Beladhadi R.V. , Shankar Kumar , Jayalakshmi S.K. , sreeram kuruba 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose: This study focuses to assess the potentiality of the locally isolated Burkholderia sp SMB1. It was aimed for the cocktail of lignocellulolytic enzyme production involved in the depolymerization of the agro-wastes to release sugars for bioethanol production. Methods: The optimization of enzyme cocktail (lignolytic, cellulolytic, hemicellulolytic) production by isolated bacterium utilizing inexpensive substrates like bran and straw of rice was done using response surface methodology. Further this cocktail secreted by the bacterium at optimized conditions was employed for saccharifying untreated agro-wastes for sugars production which were fermented to bioethanol by S. cerevisiae.Results: This strain produced high titer of cellulase (10.8 U/mL), xylanase (76 U/mL), mannanase (14.23 U/mL), pectinase (62.18 U/mL) and laccase (24.25 U/mL) using rice bran at 7 pH and 40 oC using 10% (w/v) of rice bran. The production of cocktail of enzymes was slightly increased by adding CaCO3 (2mM) in the growth medium. This cocktail was able to hydrolyze untreated agro-wastes to release highest reducing sugars 28.5 g/L using untreated corn husk after 24 h of saccharification process. These sugars of corn husk were fermented by S. cerevisiae to produce highest 9.04 gL-1 bioethanol. Conclusion: This paper represents the exploitation of the locally isolated strain for the production of lignocellulolytic enzymes using rice bran and straw for the first time promising the novelty of the study. This study helps in waste disposal process by valorizing the waste biomass to produce value added products like sugars, bioethanol and hence increases agricultural economy.
Rotary Friction Welded C45 to 16NiCr6 Steel Rods: Statistical Optimization Coupled to Mechanical and Microstructure Approaches
Authors: Belkahla Youcef , Mazouzi Azzeddine , LEBOUACHERA Islam , Hassan Ammar Jabbar , Fides Martin , Hvizdoš Pavol , Cheniti Billel , Miroud Djamel 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This work represents the production of dissimilar friction welded joints between C45 carbon steel and nickel-chromium alloy steel 16NiCr6. Central Composite Response Surface (RSM) methodology, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), backscattered electron diffraction (EBSD) and bending test were performed for this study. Physicochemical characterization was used to reveal the welded joint microstructures. The bending test was done in order to measure the ultimate bending strength (UBS). As a conclusion, regarding the optimization of the parameters, friction time and the rotation speed were the most effective parameters on the joint strength. These parameters revealed that the maximum bending strength of 1406.892 MPa can be obtained at a rotational speed of 2000 rpm, a friction pressure of 24.77 MPa and a friction time of 13 seconds. On the weld samples it was also noted that the particle size decreases significantly as the units of the parameters increase, which led to note that the optimization of these parameters converges towards an average particle size, where were found a good accommodation between hardness and young’s modulus.
Direct Laser Metal Deposition (DLMD) Additive Manufacturing (AM)of Inconel 718 Superalloy: Elemental, Microstructural and Physical Properties Evaluation
Authors: Moradi Mahmoud , Pourmand Zeynab , Hasani Arman , Moghadam Mojtaba Karami , Sakhaei Amir Hosein , Shafiee Mahmood , Lawrence Jonathan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this study direct laser metal deposition (DLMD) technique is adopted for the additive manufacturing (AM) of Inconel 718 Superalloy. To conduct the experiments, a 1 kW fiber laser with a coaxial nozzle head is used. The effects of scanning speed (for two values of 2.5 and 5 mm/s) as well as powder feed rate (for two values of 17.94 and 28.52 g/min) on the process were investigated. Characteristics of the 3D printed wall specimens such as the geometrical dimensions (width and height), microstructure observations, and the microhardness were obtained. In order to study the stability of the 3D manufactured walls, the height stability was considered for the investigation. Optical microscopy (OM), field emission electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and mapping analysis were performed to derive the microstructural features of the additive manufactured samples. The Vickers microhardness test is used to evaluate the hardness distributions of additively manufactured parts. Catchment concept of the powder in DLMD process is used for explaining different trends of the process. Results indicated that, by decreasing the scanning speed, the width and height of the deposited layer increase. The average width of the additively manufactured samples directly depends on the scanning speed and the powder feed rate. Scanning speed has a reverse effect on the height stability; that is, the lower the scanning speed, the larger the stability. Microstructural results showed that because of the solidification process, the alloying elements will be accumulated in the grain boundaries. The non-uniform cooling rate and non-steady solidification rates of molten area in additive manufacturing process, the microhardness values of the additively manufactured samples following a fluctuated trend.