bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urine Cellular DNA Point Mutation and Methylation as Potential Biomarkers for Early Detection of Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Junjie , Xu Ran , lu qiang , Xu zhenzhou , Liu jianye , li pei , zhang yaqun , luo lufeng , zhou chuanchi , Tang Wei , cao manman , Xu genming , Wang Long 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Previously, our team identified a seven-gene mutation panel in urine sediment to discriminate UBC from benign urological diseases. In the present study, we aimed to validate the panel in an expanded and close to natural population cohort of hematuria. Also, we tried to optimize the panel by incorporating methylation biomarkers. We performed external validation to investigate the robustness and stability of the novel panel. Methods: Patients with urothelial carcinomas and controls were prospectively recruited in clinical trial ChiCTR2000029980. The mutation panel was validated in the expanded cohort(n=333) from Hunan multicenter. Several UBC-specific methylation biomarkers were identified by comprehensive analyses of a series of TCGA, GEO and an independent cohorts, and examined in the expanded cohort. Random Forest algorithm was used to construct an optimal panel. External validation of the optimal panel was carried out in Beijing single center cohort(n=89). NGS technique was used to analyze the DNA point mutations and MS-PCR for methylation.Results: The AUC, sensitivity and specificity of the mutation panel in expanded cohort were 0.81, 0.67 and 0.90, respectively. After screening, only cg16966315, cg17945976 and cg24720571 were left for further analysis. The optimal panel consisted of cg24720571 and 8 point mutations, including TERT 228(G_A), FGFR3 568(C_T), TERT 250(G_A), FGFR3 099(A_G), PIK3CA 091(G_A), PIK3CA 085(A_G), PIK3CA 082 (G_A) and HRAS 874(T_C). The AUC, sensitivity and specificity of the optimal panel in training group were 0.89, 0.84 and 0.79, respectively, and in test group were 0.95, 0.91 and 0.95, respectively. In the external validation, the AUC, sensitivity and specificity were 0.98, 0.93 and 0.93, respectively.Conclusions: The optimal panel was obviously superior to previous mutation panel and showed a highly specific and robust performance. The optimal panel may be used as a replaceable approach for early detection of UC.Trial registration: This research was registered in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(ChiCTR2000029980).
Breaking the symmetry: Suppressing Plateau-Rayleigh instability and optimizing hydropower utilization
Authors: Zhao Zhipeng , Li An , Li Huizeng , Fang Wei , Cai Zheren , Li Mingzhu , feng Xiqiao , Song Yanlin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Droplet impact on solid surfaces is essential for natural and industrial processes. Particularly, controlling the instability after droplet impact, and avoiding the satellite drops generation, have aroused great interest for its significance in inkjet printing, pesticide spraying, and hydroelectric power collection. Herein, we found that breaking the symmetry of the droplet impact dynamics using patterned-wettability surfaces can suppress the Plateau-Rayleigh instability during the droplet rebounding and improve the energy collection efficiency. Systematic experimental investigation, together with mechanical modeling and numerical simulation, revealed that the asymmetric wettability patterns can regulate the internal liquid flow and reduce the vertical velocity gradient inside the droplet, thus suppressing the instability during droplet rebounding and eliminating the satellite drops. Accordingly, the droplet energy utilization was promoted, as demonstrated by the improved hydroelectric power generation efficiency by 36.5%. These findings deepen the understanding of the wettability-induced asymmetrical droplet dynamics during the liquid-solid interactions, and facilitate related applications such as hydroelectric power generation and materials transportation.
Early Lung Carcinogenesis and Tumor Microenvironment Observed by Single-Cell Transcriptome Analysis
Authors: Kim Eun Young , Cha Yoon Jin , Lee Sang Hoon , Jeong Sukin , Choi Young Jun , Moon Duk Hwan , Lee Sungsoo , Chang Yoon Soo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Ground-glass nodules (GGNs) are radiologically defined pulmonary nodules characterized by preserved bronchial and vascular structures in the lung window on chest computed tomography. Lung adenocarcinoma present in the form of persistent GGN is a good model for studying early lung carcinogenesis. We sought to decipher the transcriptome of early lung cancer and its tumor microenvironment from nonsmokers.Methods: Eleven surgical specimens from 6 patients with persistent pure or part-solid GGNs and no smoking or long-term nonsmoking history were obtained and studied by single-cell RNA sequencing analysis.Results: Early lung cancer cells showed enrichment of genes related to small vesicle processing and surfactant homeostasis compared to normal lung epithelial cells, suggesting that the surfactant-related pathway is strongly involved in early lung carcinogenesis. Even in this early stage of lung carcinogenesis, the tumor immune microenvironment was disrupted, with myeloid-derived suppressor cells showing activation of tumor-promoting cytokine pathways, making the tumor microenvironment more permissive for tumor progression and promoting infiltration of regulatory T cells and depletion of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (TCs) and γδ TCs. Although mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) B cells (BCs) and follicular BCs are present in small proportions, they showed increased infiltration in tumor tissues compared to adjacent normal lung tissues. Overexpression of hypoxia-related genes and active suppression of normal angiogenesis were observed in cancer-associated fibroblasts.Conclusions: Changes in the tumor microenvironment that begin very early in lung cancer create an environment prone to immune evasion, suggesting that regulation of such changes is a strategy for inhibiting cancer growth.
The Efficacy of Transitioning Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension From Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors To Riociguat: A Systematic Analysis And Retrospective Chart-Review
Authors: Sun Kelly , Kendzerska Tetyana , Foxhall Julia , Mielnizuk Lisa , Contreras-Dominguez Vladimir , Stewart Duncan , Pugliese Carolyn , Chandy George 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare, progressive disease with significant mortality. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) are an effective therapy, however, patients often progress despite treatment. This review examined the efficacy of transitioning patients from a PDE5i to riociguat by analyzing changes in the 6-minute walk test distance (6MWTD) and hemodynamic parameters in adults with PAH. Methods: This was a combined systematic review and meta-analysis of current literature (Jan 2013 – Oct 2019) and a retrospective database study (Jan 2013-Aug 2017) from a tertiary pulmonary hypertension center in Ontario, Canada. All English language studies were searched through PubMed, EMBASE, the Web of Science and EBSCO from 2013 to 2019. Results were combined using a random effect model. We used an I² statistic estimate (percent) to quantify inconsistency.Results: The results were combined from a total of 6 published studies (4 cohort studies, 1 case report and 1 case series), and a retrospective database study. Mean difference across studies demonstrates a 6MWTD improvement of 43.7m (CI 3.72- 83.7, P=0.03, I2=77%), favouring riociguat. There was an improvement in all the secondary outcomes examined, including World Health Organization functional class, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance and cardiac index, demonstrating a propensity to favour riociguat.Conclusion: This review demonstrates significant improvement in both clinical and hemodynamic outcomes when patients with PAH are transitioned to riociguat from PDE5i. However, the number of studies included was small, and the quality of studies was moderate with limited evidence regarding outcomes of interest. PROSPERO registration #: CRD42020154661Registered April, 2020
Design and Test of Intelligent Inspection and Monitoring System for Cotton Bale Storage based on RFID
Authors: Zhao Weipeng , Zhao Bo , Yang Qizhi , Zhou Liming , Jiang Hanlu , Niu Kang , Ding Jian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In order to solve the patrol inspection problems in cotton storage and the need for environmental monitoring in the modern cotton bale warehousing process, RFID positioning technology, wireless temperature and humidity real-time monitoring technology and handheld terminal intelligent inspection technology are used to design and develop RFID-based cotton bale intelligence Inspection and intelligent temperature and humidity monitoring system. The artificial neural network (ANN) method performs Gaussian filter processing on the system monitoring data to establish an accurate RSSI and label position classification model. The system finally realizes the functions of locating cotton bales in storage, collecting bale information, and real-time measurement and collection of temperature and humidity parameters in the cotton bale warehouse. The test results show that the relative error of RFID cotton bale intelligent inspection and monitoring system positioning and monitoring does not exceed 6.7%, effectively improving the work efficiency of inspectors and the safety of cotton bale storage. The relative error of temperature is less than 8%, and the relative error of humidity is less than 7%. It can display the storage environment temperature in real time and meet the real-time requirements. It improves the effective positioning and inspection of the cotton stack by management personnel, prevents the loss of cotton bale and reduces the probability of cotton stack deterioration.
Trends in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incidences in Japan Between 1996 and 2019
Authors: Nakano Masahito , Yatsuhashi Hiroshi , Bekki Shigemune , Takami Yuko , Tanaka Yasuhito , Yoshimaru Yoko , Honda Koichi , Komorizono Yasuji , Harada Masaru , Shibata Michihiko , Sakisaka Shotaro , Shakado Satoshi , Nagata Kenji , Yoshizumi Tomoharu , Itoh Shinji , Sohda Tetsuro , Oeda Satoshi , Nakao Kazuhiko , Sasaki Ryu , Yamashita Tsutomu , Ido Akio , Mawatari Seiichi , Nakamuta Makoto , Aratake Yoshifusa , Matsumoto Shuichi , Maeshiro Tatsuji , Goto Takashi , Torimura Takuji 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: While the proportion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases with non-viral etiology continues to increase in Japan, the epidemiological trends in the sex and age distribution of new HCC cases remain unclear. This study examines the epidemiological trends, including the distribution of sex, age, and disease etiology, in HCC incidence over 24 years.Methods: Data of 20,547 newly diagnosed HCC patients in 1996–2019 at 19 institutions participating in the Liver Cancer Study Group of Kyushu were analyzed in this prospective study. We divided the study period into four 6-year quarters. HCC etiology was categorized as hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, HBV+hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, HCV infection, and both negative (non-BC). Results: The incidences of HCC per quarter of the study period were 4,311 (21.0%), 5,505 (26.8%), 5,776 (28.1%), and 4,955 (24.1%) cases, sequentially. Overall, 14,020 (68.2%) patients were male. The number of HCC cases in patients ≤50 years, 60–69 years, 70–79 years, and ≥80 years were 3,711 (18.1%), 6,652 (32.4%), 7,448 (36.2%), and 2,736 (13.3%), respectively. The average age of newly diagnosed patients increased in each quarter. HCC was associated with HBV, HBV+HCV, and HCV infections and non-BC in 2,997 (14.6%), 187 (0.9%), and 12,019 (58.5%), and 5,344 (26.0%) cases, respectively. The number of HCV-associated cases decreased in each quarter, while that of non-BC-associated cases increased.Conclusions: HCC incidence tends to increase in the elderly and in non-BC patients; in contrast, HCC incidence due to HCV tends to decrease. In countries where HCV infection is likely the predominant cause of HCC, similar trends in HCC incidence are anticipated in the future.
dl922-947 Adenovirus and G-Quadruplex Binder Combination Against Breast Cancer and Modulation of Monocyte Activity
Authors: Napolitano Fabiana , Somma Sarah Di , Amato Jussara , Pagano Bruno , Randazzo Antonio , Portella Giuseppe , Malfitano Anna Maria 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: G-quadruplex (G4) are nucleic secondary structures characterized by G-tetrads. G4 motif stabilization induces DNA damage and cancer cell death; therefore, G4-targeting small molecules are the focus of clinical investigation. DNA destabilization induced by G4 ligands might potentiate the anticancer activity of agents targeting DNA or inhibiting its repair like oncolytic viruses. This study represents the first approach combining G4 ligands and the adenovirus dl922-947 in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell lines.Methods: We used G4 binders, BRACO-19 (B19), pyridostatin (PDS) and dl922-947 or their combination in cytotoxicity assays. G4 motif formation and distribution, cell cycle and viral entry were evaluated using agents alone or in combination by flow cytometry. Viral replication was evaluated by RT-PCR. Cell senescence was assessed by microscope observation and count of blue SA-b-Gal blue-stained cells. Phagocytosis of THP-1 cells was evaluated by flow cytometry.Results: G4 binders and dl922-947 induce cytotoxicity in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. G4 binders induce G4 motifs mainly distributed in the S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle in MCF-7 cells. The combination G4 binders/dl922-947 increased viral entry, replication and cell cytotoxicity. The combinatory treatments increased the subG0/G1 phase of the cell cycle, whereas the agents used singularly or in combination similarly enhanced cell senescence. Noteworthy, dl922-947 induces G4 motifs and its combination with PDS potentiates this effect. The conditioned media of MCF-7 cells increased phagocytosis whereas the combination dl922-947/PDS restored it to the control values and did not affect monocyte proliferation.Conclusions: We present the first evidence of a new mechanism of oncolytic viruses able to induce senescence and G4 structures in breast cancer cells. We suggest a novel strategy based on the use of G4 binders/virotherapy combination to enhance anti-cancer activity. Indeed, oncolytic viruses and G4 ligands are already singularly employed in clinical settings, thus their combination may be envisioned for translational studies.
Comprehensive Analysis of the Expression, Prognostic Value and Immune Microenvironment of CMTM Family Members in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Zhang Mengjun , Yin Yue , Sun Zhenxing , Liu Yuan , Wang Yiru , Chen Xiuwei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Ovarian cancer (OV) is one of the most common gynecological malignancies worldwide, and its immunotherapy has considerable prospects. Multiple members of the CMTM family were aberrantly expressed in human cancers and controled key malignant biological processes and immune regulation in cancer development. However, little is known about the function of this gene family in ovarian cancer, especially in terms of immunity.Methods: GEPIA, Oncomine, HPA, Kaplan-Meier plotter, cBioPortal, GeneMANIA and TIMER were used to analyze the differential gene expression, prognostic value, genetic alterations and alterations in the immune microenvironment of the CMTM family in patients with ovarian cancer. Importantly, RT-qPCR was used to verify the gene expression of the CMTM family.Results: CMTM1/3/4/6/7/8 showed abnormally high expression at the mRNA and protein levels in OV tissues based on the GEPIA and HPA databases. RT-qPCR showed that CMTM1/6/8 was highly expressed in ovarian cancer cell lines. Survival analysis showed that high expression of CMTM1/2/3/5/8 can lead to a significant reduction in overall survival and progression-free survival. There were many types of genetic alterations in the CMTM family. And CMTM1/2/3/6 had a certain correlation with the changes of immune microenvironment such as immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint expression, which may be the potential mechanism of the CMTM family in ovarian cancer.Conclusion: This study confirmed that the CMTM family has abnormal expression in ovarian cancer and can be used as a biomarker for prognostic evaluation. And the CMTM family may be used as a potential target for immunotherapy based on the suppression of immune checkpoints.
Identification of SPINT3 as a Metastatic Suppressor in Gastric Cancer Through Induction of TGF-β1 Secretion
Authors: Wang Haifeng , Teng Li-song , Wang Haohao 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Cancer metastasis is responsible for most cancer-related deaths. SPINT3 (serine peptidase inhibitor, Kunitz type, 3) is a newly identified gene, and its relationship with gastric cancer has not been well studied.Methods: We first designed an sgRNA sub-library to screen for metastatic suppressors, and chose SPINT3. We then used QPCR and western blotting to detect the expression level of SPINT3 in gastric cancer tumor tissues. In addition, we used annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) to detect changes in apoptosis. PI staining and wound healing assays were used to detect the cell cycle and changes in cell migration, respectively. Finally, CyTOF and T cell proliferation experiments were performed to detect changes in immune cells in the tumor microenvironment.Results: SPINT3 sgRNA (based on the sgRNA library used) was present in every metastatic tumor. The expression of SPINT3 was low in gastric cancer tissues, and this increased the metastatic ability of gastric cancer cells. In addition, high expression of SPINT3 induced cell apoptosis, downregulated cell proliferation, and impaired cell migration. Furthermore, low expression of SPINT3 induced the secretion of TGF-β1 and an immunosuppressive signal, which could be blocked by apatinib and SB431542.Conclusion: We confirmed that SPINT3 is a metastasis suppressor in gastric cancer.
A Pilot Study on Developing Quantitative Indices for Age-Related Changes in Maxillary Primary Molar Root Canal Morphology
Authors: Dou Guili , Xia Bin , Zhao Yijiao , Sun Zhipeng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objectives To elucidate age-related changes in the root canal morphology of primary molars and determine new indices to detail the root canal anatomy by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).Materials and Methods CBCT data of primary molars from 57 children aged 3–8 years without systemic diseases that affect tooth development were collected. The following indices were defined and calculated using Mimics 17.0, 3-Matic 9.0, and ImageJ software: (i) the cross-sectional area of the root canal; (ii) R.15: the proportion of the lateral canal wall with an inner diameter less than 0.15 mm; (iii) LC/LR: the ratio between the canal length and root length; and (iv) Ndis: the discontinuous canal count. Correlation analysis and binary logistic regression were performed to assess the variants and age-related changes in canal morphology.Results On CBCT analysis, the cross-sectional area of the root canals for mesiobuccal (MB) roots, palatal (P) roots and distobuccal (DB) roots was negatively correlated with age (P<0.05), with a correlation coefficient of -0.41, -0.42, and -0.26, respectively. The R.15 of MB roots was positively correlated with age (P<0.05, rs=0.39). The value of LC/LR for MB, DB, and P roots decreased with age, with a correlation coefficient of -0.39, -0.42, and -0.29, respectively (P<0.05). The risk of discontinuous canals (Ndis) for MB, DB, and P roots increased with age (P<0.05), with an odds ratio of 1.61, 1.48, and 1.60 respectively.Conclusions The new indices developed in the study based on CBCT successfully demonstrate age-related changes in the root canals of primary molars.
Heterogeneous Catalysis of African Pear Seed Oil and Modelling of Some Thermo-Physical Properties of its Biodiesel
Authors: Ude Callistus Nonso , Onukwuli Dominic O. , Okey-Onyesolu Faith C. , Nnaji Patrick C. , Okoye Chukwunonso C. , Uwaleke Chidebe C. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The heterogeneous catalysis of African pear seed oil (APO) and modelling of some thermo-physical properties of the biodiesel was carried out. The oil was extracted with petroleum ether solvent and characterized with Association of Analytical Chemist (AOAC). The catalysts were synthesized by thermal, acid and alkaline activation of clay. The catalysts were characterized and used to transesterify the APO. The biodiesel produced were characterized using American Society for Testing Materials ASTM D6571 and some the thermo-physical properties such as density, kinematic viscosity and cetane number were modelled using multilinear regression analysis of Polymath version 5.0. The 52% yield of oil from the African pear seeds using the petroleum ether was comparable with yields obtained from other nonedible seeds. The transesterification of the oil was significantly affected by increase in process variables but the yield of methyl ester decreased beyond 3 h reaction time, 3 wt% catalyst concentration, 10:1 methanol/oil molar ratio, 60 oC reaction temperature and 300 rpm agitation speed. The physicochemical properties of the biodiesel produced meet the ASTM standard and were within the acceptable limits. The biodiesel produced via transesterification of APO using thermally, acid and alkaline activated catalyst have similar properties and can be blended to form a homogeneous fuel. The coefficients of determination are close to 1 while the root mean square value is less than 0.2. This shows that the multilinear regression can model the thermo-physical properties of the biodiesel.