bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
811Teaching “syndemic theory” in a High School class: a Problem Based Learning approach
Authors: Souza Israel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Focus of Presentation
The main focus of this work is a Problem Based Learning approach in a High School class after read an abstract “The Global Syndemic of Obesity, Undernutrition, and Climate Change: The Lancet Commission report”. The main students concerns is about ultra-processed products because they are not healthy, and their ecological footprints. So, the students had a question: how to search for this phenomena around the our school?

Findings
The classroom was split in two groups (A and B). The group A proposed a research about food wastage and group B proposed an opinion survey about ultra-processed food consumption and health self-perception. Both groups conduct either research around the school, in Paracambi city (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). The group A found a huge food wastage despite a number of homeless in the city. The group B reached 22 interviews with individuals aged between 18 and 83 years. They found that all age groups reported consumption of ultra-processed foods and that younger people reported their health self-perception isn’t good.

Conclusions/Implications
Finaly, students presents their work at academic school session, and showed their notes about how the research stimulate themselves to study and understanding some phenomena like a relationship about obesity, undernutrition and climate change as syndemic, or synergy of epidemics.

Key messages
Problem Based Learning can be a stimulate strategy to teaching and learning about epidemiology topics
774The appropriateness of the Effort-Reward Imbalance ratio for investigating musculoskeletal symptoms
Authors: Stanhope Jessica , Weinstein Philip 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Effort-reward imbalance (ERI), an indicator of occupational stress, can provide valuable insights into musculoskeletal symptom (MSS) outcomes for workers. The ERI ratio is typically used in analysis, rather than the effort and reward variables individually, or the reward sub-scales (promotion opportunities, job security and esteem). The appropriateness of this approach has not been investigated. We were interested in the association between the ERI ratio and its components (e.g. effort, promotion opportunities), and MSS outcomes (the presence of any MSSs, and a range of consequences) in professional musicians.

Methods
Employed, professional musicians completed a questionnaire that included the short version of the Effort-Reward Imbalance questionnaire, and questions regarding their MSSs. Regressions were performed to determine the association between the ERI ratio and other ERI components, and MSS outcomes.

Results
The ERI ratio was associated with a number of MSS outcomes, including chronic MSSs and MSSs that impaired playing, however this relationship appeared to be driven by increased perceived effort, not by reward.

Conclusions
Our findings highlight the need to investigate the individual ERI components (e.g. subscales), rather than just the ERI ratio, when investigating the association between occupational stress and MSS outcomes. By doing so, more targeted recommendations can be made, which for musicians include reducing their perceived effort to lower their MSS burden.

Key messages
Studies investigating the association between occupational stress and MSS outcomes should investigate the individual components and subscales of the ERI model.
1454Renal disease in Aboriginal children and young adults (ARDAC): evolution to a data linkage study
Authors: Stephens Jacqueline , Sinka Victoria , Kerr Marianne , Dickson Michelle , Teixeira-Pinto Armando , Wong Germaine , Howell Martin , Alexander Stephen , Tong Allison , Craig Jonathan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Focus of Presentation
The ‘Antecedents of Renal Disease in Aboriginal Children and Young Adults’ (ARDAC) Study was the first large population-based longitudinal cohort study seeking to identify the early emergence and trajectory of kidney disease among Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children. Since 2002, 3758 young people (2155 Aboriginal and 1603 non-Aboriginal) from across New South Wales, Australia, were enrolled, with clinical data collected every two years. However, the confluence of a maturing cohort, local issues (bushfires), and the COVID19 pandemic made follow-up screenings a challenge. As such, in 2021, ARDAC evolved into a data linkage to evaluate the cohort’s healthcare utilization and kidney health trajectory.

Findings
The ARDAC dataset contains 340 variables, which have been linked to a further 878 variables from state and federal government agency administrative datasets. Data incorporated in the linkage includes perinatal, pharmaceutical, hospital admissions, literacy, kidney health, kidney transplant, and death data. Preliminary findings from this unique and important linkage will be the focus of this presentation.

Conclusions/Implications
The breadth and scope of this data linkage makes it the largest on the kidney health of First Nations Peoples internationally. Analysis will provide a detailed understanding of the healthcare usage of this population and identify critical gender-specific timepoints and risk factors to inform the development of co-designed, community-driven strategies for future action.

Key messages
With governance provided by a strong Investigator-Advisory Group nexus, with extensive representation from Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander researchers, patients, and community leaders, ARDAC is an exemplar of Aboriginal community-led research.
1Development of persuasive message to encourage help-seeking for depression
Authors: Suka Machi , Yamauchi Takashi , Yanagisawa Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Delayed initial treatment contact for mental disorders is an important public health problem. The objective of this study was to develop persuasive messages to encourage help-seeking for depression.

Methods
Firstly, we conducted a questionnaire survey among Japanese adults to understand the reasons why people avoid seeking professional help for depression (BMC Public Health 2016). Secondly, we created 6 depression help-seeking messages with 3 frames× 2 formats and assessed their effectiveness in eliciting help-seeking intentions for depression (BMJ Open 2018). Thirdly, we redesigned the loss-framed formatted message to make it more visually appealing and made a trial of repeated message exposure with the aim of sustaining the messaging effect over time.

Results
Less than 40 % of survey participants reported a positive help-seeking intention for depression. The neutral-, loss-, and gain-framed messages were selected so as to be matched against the top 3 reasons for having no help-seeking intention, respectively. The loss-framed formatted message functioned better than the others; help-seeking intentions increased from 36% to 47% after the message exposure. Repeated message exposure increased the message retention rate (once 26% vs. twice 48% at 2-week follow-up) which enhanced the elicitation of help-seeking intentions.

Conclusions
The depression help-seeking message can elicit the intent to do so among people who otherwise lack this.

Key messages
The Step approach to Message Design and Testing is useful for developing public health messages and materials.
Acknowledge: This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP25460815, JP16K09147 and the Uehara Memorial Foundation Research Grant.
1285Distinctive variations in accident and suicide mortality rates among Japanese elderly in 2020
Authors: Takahashi Mihoko , Kamei Midori , Uemura Makiko 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
In April 2020, the Japanese government requested that people stay home except when unavoidable for their livelihood, as a COVID-19 emergency measure. Especially, elderly people refrained from going out. We investigated mortality rates from external causes in 2020 among Japanese elderly people.

Methods
The monthly mortality rates from accidents (V01-X59), traffic accidents (V01-V99) and suicides (X60-X84) among elderly from 2015 to November 2020 were analyzed. Ordinary monthly expected values and reference ranges (RR: 95% range) were calculated by cause and sex and compared with the observed values.

Results
All accidents: Abnormal increases (beyond the RR) occurred in August for both sexes.
Traffic accidents: Extreme decreases (below the RR) occurred in at least 3 months from March to October for each sex.
Suicides: Extreme decreases occurred in at least 2 months from February to May for each sex. Abnormal increases occurred in November for males, and in September to November for females.

Conclusions
Extreme decreases in traffic accident mortalities can be explained by people staying home. Abnormal increases in accident mortalities in summer might be explained by the heat. The increases might also be related to wearing face masks. Suicide results suggest that females are especially vulnerable to the social environment created by the preventive measures against COVID-19.

Key messages
COVID-19 measures might have affected the physical, mental, and social well-being of elderly people.

Acknowledgements
This study was supported by Mitsui Sumitomo Insurance Welfare Foundation.
455Association of interpregnancy interval and preterm births: what does a sibling-matched study indicate?
Authors: Tessema Gizachew , Marinovich M Luke , Håberg Siri E , Gissler Mika , Mayo Jonathan A , Nassar Natasha , Ball Stephen , Betrán Ana Pilar , Gebremedhin Amanuel T , de Klark Nick , Magnus Maria C , Marston Cicely , Regan Annette K , Shaw Gary M , Padula Amy M , Pereira Gavin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Most evidence for interpregnancy interval (IPI) and adverse birth outcomes come from between-women (unmatched) studies that are prone to incomplete control for confounders that vary between women. Comparing pregnancies to the same women (sibling-matched) can address this issue.

Methods
We conducted an international longitudinal study of births from Australia, Finland, Norway, and United States (California) covering over three decades (1980-2017). We included 5,523,914 births to 3,849,737 women, and within each country, we first investigated the associations between IPI and preterm birth (PTB), spontaneous PTB using logistic regression (unmatched analyses). Second, we used conditional logistic regression comparing IPIs in the same women (sibling-matched analyses), with 2,908,907 births to 1,234,730 women having at least two IPIs. Random effects meta-analysis was used to calculate pooled effect estimates.

Results
Compared to an IPI of 18-23 months, there was insufficient evidence of association between IPI &lt;6 months and overall PTB (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=1.08, 95%CI 0.99-1.18) but increased odds of spontaneous PTB (aOR=1.38, 95%CI 1.21-1.57). We observed elevated odds of both birth outcomes associated with IPI ≥60 months. In comparison, between-women analyses showed elevated odds of adverse birth outcomes for &lt;12 month and &gt;24 month IPIs.

Conclusions
We found consistently elevated odds of PTB following long IPIs. IPI shorter than 6 months were associated with elevated risk of spontaneous PTB, but there was insufficient evidence for increased risk of overall PTB.

Key message
Current recommendations of waiting at least 24 months to conceive after a previous pregnancy, may be unnecessarily long in high-income countries.
322Incidence, and mortality associated with primary postpartum haemorrhage following hospital births in northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Tiruneh Bewket Tadesse , McLelland Gayle , Plummer Virginia 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Primary postpartum haemorrhage remains the primary cause of maternal mortality, in low-resource countries such as Ethiopia. National datasets about the incidence of primary postpartum haemorrhage are often limited, incomplete or unavailable. This study was designed to determine the incidence, mortality, and factors associated with primary postpartum haemorrhage following in-hospital births.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study design, an audit of 1060 maternity care logbooks of discharged women. The data were abstracted December to May 2018/2019 using systematic random sampling. The tool used was the Facility Based Maternal Death Abstraction Form. Data were entered, cleaned then analysed using SPSS version 25. Bivariate logistic regression was fitted. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to determine the statistical significance.

Results
The incidence of primary postpartum haemorrhage was nearly 9.0% (95% CI: 6.91, 10.73). Of these, there was 7% maternal mortality. Unique to women in Ethiopia health facility referrals of women in labour (AOR: 2.13; 95% CI: 1.19, 3.80), birth attended by final year medical students (AOR: 3.59; 95% CI: 1.89, 6.84), women who were discharged as early as six hours following birth (AOR: 3.50; 95% CI: 1.24, 9.91) were associated with primary postpartum haemorrhage (p &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
The reported incidence of primary postpartum haemorrhage was relatively low, however, the associated deaths of women found was comparatively high.

Key messages
The increased maternal mortality appears to be directly related to the three delays model.
1473Early life immune modulatory exposures and allergy risk in Japanese children
Authors: Urayama Kevin , Furusawa Yoshimi , Hoshino Eri , Ohde Sachiko , Onishi Kazunari , Takahashi Osamu , Fukui Tsuguya 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Incidence of allergies among children is increasing and is an important public health issue. We examined whether early life immune modulating exposures and surrogate measures are associated with a reduced risk of allergic diseases among Japanese children.

Methods
We analyzed data from the Health Diary Study comprising a nationally representative cross-sectional sample of children/adolescents aged 1 to 17 years in Japan. Data were collected on early life factors and diagnosed allergic diseases using a self-administered questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted evaluating the effects of delivery method, breastfeeding, infections in infancy, older siblings, and daycare on the risk of any allergy and specific types.

Results
Among 744 children included (mean age=9.5 years; 52% males), 41% experienced an allergic condition. Infection in infancy was associated with an increased risk of asthma (OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.09-2.85) especially related to bronchitis and ear infection, and showed a dose-response effect with increasing number of infections (p=0.04). Having older sibling(s) modified the effect of infections on asthma risk (p-interaction=0.11). Reduction in risk of allergic rhinitis was suggestive related to exclusive breastfeeding and having two or more siblings.

Conclusions
Evidence is unclear regarding a protective role of early life immune modulatory exposures in allergy risk in Japanese children. In contrast, infectious episodes in infancy may increase the risk of asthma.

Key messages
While multiple mechanisms may be at play, infections in infancy may increase the risk of asthma which supports protection against infectious transmissions.
773Triple elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B in the Pacific Islands
Authors: Van Gemert Caroline , Hellard Margaret , Howell Jess , O'Connor Michelle , Cowie Ben , Allard Nicole , Homer Caroline , Brink Anne , Chan Po-Lin , Kaldor John , Hockin Jane 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Without intervention, HIV, hepatitis B virus and syphilis can be transmitted from mother-to-child during pregnancy, birth and breastfeeding and these can cause adverse pregnancy and longer-term outcomes. The 22 Pacific Island countries and territories (PICTs) have among the highest global prevalence of syphilis and hepatitis B. Mother-to-child transmission remains a concern, particularly hepatitis B. Global and regional elimination targets have been set to eliminate mother-to-child transmission (EMTCT) however progress of PICTs towards meeting targets is unknown.

Methods
Data from 2000-2019 relating to EMTCT epidemiological, process and impact targets were extracted from peer reviewed literature, online data repositories and grey literature.

Results
27 peer reviewed reports, data from online data repositories for 19 countries and twelve national demographic and/or health reports were collated. Existing online databases report data for only small number of EMTCT indicators and there are few peer-reviewed studies that report EMTCT coverage estimates for PICTs. Availability of data varied between countries and available data suggests that few countries are meeting EMTCT indicator targets.

Conclusions
Based on the current trach trajectory, PICTs will not reach triple elimination by 2030. Both interventions to improve EMTCT activity coverage and strengthened surveillance, monitoring and evaluation systems are required.

Key messages
Mother-to-child transmission of HIV, hepatitis B and syphilis is a major concern in the Pacific and increased efforts are required, including strengthened monitoring and evaluation systems.
520Helicobacter pylori infection in parents and their children
Authors:   Watanabe,   Helicobacter pylori infection in parents and their children Teruo Nagaya1, Helicobacter pylori infection in parents and their children Hiroko Nakagawa-Senda,   Helicobacter pylori infection in parents and their children Satoyo Hosono,   Helicobacter pylori infection in parents and their children Kyoko Ban,   Helicobacter pylori infection in parents and their children Tamaki Yamada,   Helicobacter pylori infection in parents and their children Sadao Suzuki
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) may be commonly transmitted among family members, especially from parents to their children. Therefore, we investigated the prevalence of H.pylori infection in parents and their children.

Method
The subjects (n = 607) were selected from participants of the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study in Okazaki, Japan, which was conducted from November 2018 to March 2019, and their families. Of the 607 subjects, 126 subjects (32 men=fathers, 94 women=mothers) participated in this study with at least one of their children (126 children in total). We defined ‘H.pylori infection+’ as 1) H.pylori antibody titer≥3U/mL or 2) pepsinogen I ≤ 70ng/mL with the ratio of pepsinogen I/II≤3.0 or 3) past eradication of H.pylori or 4) past history of gastric cancer. The prevalence of ‘H.pylori infection+’ was compared with between mothers and fathers who has infected children. Finally, the 94 mothers were divided into two groups according to their birth-year (1936-1963 and 1964-1973), and we compared the prevalence of ‘H.pylori infection+’ in mothers and their children by group.

Result
The prevalence of ‘H.pylori infection+’ in mothers and fathers was 44 (46.8%) and 9 (28.1%), respectively. 13 (29.5%) of the 44 infected mothers had at least one infected child, but the infected fathers did not have infected children. The prevalence of ‘H.pylori infection+’ in 50 mothers born in 1936-1963 was 28 (56.0%), and 9 (32.1%) of the 28 infected mothers had at least one infected child. The prevalence of ‘H.pylori infection+’ in 44 mothers born in 1964-1973 was 16 (36.4%), and 4 (25.0%) of the 16 infected mothers had at least one infected child.

Conclusion
In family members, H.pylori may be transmitted mainly from mothers, rather than from fathers, to their children.

Key messages
Among Japanese, the prevalence of H.pylori infection will decrease with decline of the infection in women.
502Modelling Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium transmission in men who have sex with men
Authors: Xu Xianglong , Fairley Christopher K , Zhang Lei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) are two common sexually transmitted infections in men who have sex with men that are assumed to be transmitted only by oral and anal sex. However, this assumption has not been tested in mathematical models before.

Methods
To test a variety of potential transmission routes against the known proportion of infections at the oropharynx, mouth and anus, we established 20 compartmental models involving different sexual practices. We tested transmission by a) only anal sex and oral sex; b) adding rimming and kissing to anal and oral sex, and c) adding sequential sexual practices (e.g. oral sex followed by oral-anal sex (rimming) or vice versa.

Results
We could not replicate the proportion of anatomical sites infected with CT using anal or oral sex alone or by adding riming and kissing. However, if we included sequential sexual practices, then we were able to replicate the prevalence of CT at each site including infection at more than one site. In contrast, we were able to replicate infection for MG at the three sites using transmission routes that involved only anal sex and oral sex without the need for adding any other routes of transmission.

Conclusions
Our model indicates that more complicated transmission routes are required to explain the observed prevalence of infection with CT, but that for MG transmission involving only anal and oral sex is sufficient.

Key messages
Unlike CT, MG transmission does not require more complicated transmission routes.
279GWAS of heart rate in 87,759 Chinese subjects highlighted its genetic correlations with cardiometabolic traits
Authors: Yang Songchun , Yu Canqing , Guo Yu , Bian Zheng , Walters Robin G. , Millwood Iona Y. , Yang Ling , Chen Yiping , Du Huaidong , Chen Junshi , Chen Zhengming , Li Dalin , Lv Jun , Li Liming 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Resting heart rate (RHR) has been associated with risks of mortality and multiple chronic diseases. Previous studies, predominantly conducted in Europeans, have reported 91 independent variants associated with RHR and its genetic correlations with several cardiometabolic traits. Studies from East Asians are lacking.

Methods
We performed a GWAS for RHR in 87,701 participants aged 30-79 years from China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB). A linear mixed model was used under an additive model. Replication was conducted in 37,251 Chinese participants from CKB and UK Biobank. We conducted LD score regression to quantify genetic correlations across RHR and 11 cardiometabolic traits.

Results
Only 50 previously reported variants were replicated in CKB (=0.025). We identified ten novel loci associated with RHR (P&lt;5 × 10-8), of which 50 candidate genes were prioritized. RHR showed significant genetic correlations with diastolic blood pressure (rg=0.258, P=5.71 × 10−10), mean arterial pressure (rg=0.225, P=3.08 × 10−8), systolic blood pressure (rg=0.170, P=4.92 × 10−5), plasma glucose (rg=0.197, P=0.003), total cholesterol (rg=0.287, P=0.012), and high-density lipoprotein (rg=0.246, P=0.030).

Conclusions
We identified ten novel loci associated with RHR in a large Asian cohort. The identified genetic correlations of RHR with blood pressure, glucose, and lipids indicate previously reported association of RHR with risk of all-cause death might be mediated via its correlations with cardiometabolic traits.

Key messages