bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coordination of -1 Programmed Ribosomal Frameshifting by Transcript and Nascent Chain Features Revealed by Deep Mutational Scanning
Authors: Carmody Patrick J. , Zimmer Matthew H. , Kuntz Charles P. , Harrington Haley R. , Duckworth Kate E. , Penn Wesley D. , Mukhopadhyay Suchetana , Miller Thomas F. , Schlebach Jonathan P. 
Published: March 2021

SummaryProgrammed ribosomal frameshifting (PRF) is a translational recoding mechanism that enables the synthesis of multiple polypeptides from a single transcript. In the alphavirus structural polyprotein, -1PRF is coordinated by a “slippery” sequence in the transcript, an RNA stem-loop, and a conformational transition in the nascent polypeptide chain. To characterize each of these effectors, we measured the effects of 4,530 mutations on -1PRF by deep mutational scanning. While most mutations within the slip-site and stem-loop disrupt -1PRF, mutagenic effects upstream of the slip-site are far more variable. Molecular dynamics simulations of polyprotein biogenesis suggest many of these mutations alter stimulatory forces on the nascent chain through their effects on translocon-mediated cotranslational folding. Finally, we provide evidence suggesting the coupling between cotranslational folding and -1PRF depends on the translation kinetics upstream of the slip-site. These findings demonstrate how -1PRF is coordinated by features within both the transcript and nascent chain.
Surf4 Promotes Endoplasmic Reticulum Exit of the Lysosomal Prosaposin-Progranulin Complex
Authors: Devireddy S. , Ferguson S.M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractProgranulin is a lysosomal protein whose haploinsufficiency causes frontotemporal dementia while homozygous loss of progranulin causes neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, a lysosomal storage disease. The sensitivity of cells to progranulin deficiency raises important questions about how cells coordinate intracellular trafficking of progranulin to ensure its efficient delivery to lysosomes. In this study, we discover that progranulin interacts with prosaposin, another lysosomal protein, within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and that prosaposin is required for the efficient ER exit of progranulin. Mechanistically, we identify an interaction between prosaposin and Surf4, a receptor that promotes loading of lumenal cargos into COPII coated vesicles, and establish that Surf4 is critical for the efficient export of progranulin and prosaposin from the ER. Collectively, this work demonstrates a network of interactions occurring early in the secretory pathway that promote the ER exit and subsequent lysosomal delivery of newly translated progranulin and prosaposin.
Evolutionary trajectories of three independent neo-sex chromosomes inDrosophila
Authors: Nozawa Masafumi , Minakuchi Yohei , Satomura Kazuhiro , Kondo Shu , Toyoda Atsushi , Tamura Koichiro 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTDosage compensation (DC) on the X chromosome is a mechanism to counteract the deleterious effects by gene loss from the Y chromosome. However, DC cannot work efficiently if the X chromosome also degenerates. This indeed occurs in the neo-sex chromosomes inDrosophila miranda, where neo-X as well as neo-Y chromosomes are under accelerated pseudogenization. To examine the generality of this pattern, we investigated the evolution of two additional neo-sex chromosomes that independently emerged inD. albomicansandD. americanaand compared their evolutionary processes with that inD. miranda. Comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed that the pseudogenization rate on neo-X is also accelerated in the two species (though lesser extent inD. americana). We also found that neo-X-linked genes whose neo-Y homologs are pseudogenized tend to be upregulated more stringently than those whose neo-Y homologs remain functional. Moreover, the genes under strong functional constraints and highly expressed in the testis tended to remain functional on neo-X and neo-Y, respectively. Focusing on theD. mirandaandD. albomicansneo-sex chromosomes that independently emerged from the same autosome, we further found that the same genes tend to have been pseudogenized in parallel on neo-Y. Those genes includeIdgf6andJhI-26whose functions seem to be unnecessary or could be even harmful for males. These results indicate that neo-sex chromosomes inDrosophilashare a common evolutionary trajectory after their emergence, which may be applicable to other sex chromosomes in a variety of organisms to avoid being an evolutionary dead-end.
Effect of natural mutations of SARS-CoV-2 on spike structure, conformation and antigenicity
Authors: Gobeil Sophie M-C. , Janowska Katarzyna , McDowell Shana , Mansouri Katayoun , Parks Robert , Stalls Victoria , Kopp Megan F. , Manne Kartik , Saunders Kevin , Edwards Robert J , Haynes Barton F. , Henderson Rory C. , Acharya Priyamvada 
Published: March 2021

SummaryNew SARS-CoV-2 variants that have accumulated multiple mutations in the spike (S) glycoprotein enable increased transmission and resistance to neutralizing antibodies. Here, we study the antigenic and structural impacts of the S protein mutations from four variants, one that was involved in transmission between minks and humans, and three that rapidly spread in human populations and originated in the United Kingdom, Brazil or South Africa. All variants either retained or improved binding to the ACE2 receptor. The B.1.1.7 (UK) and B.1.1.28 (Brazil) spike variants showed reduced binding to neutralizing NTD and RBD antibodies, respectively, while the B.1.351 (SA) variant showed reduced binding to both NTD- and RBD-directed antibodies. Cryo-EM structural analyses revealed allosteric effects of the mutations on spike conformations and revealed mechanistic differences that either drive inter-species transmission or promotes viral escape from dominant neutralizing epitopes.HighlightsCryo-EM structures reveal changes in SARS-CoV-2 S protein during inter-species transmission or immune evasion.Adaptation to mink resulted in increased ACE2 binding and spike destabilization.B.1.1.7 S mutations reveal an intricate balance of stabilizing and destabilizing effects that impact receptor and antibody binding.E484K mutation in B.1.351 and B.1.1.28 S proteins drives immune evasion by altering RBD conformation.S protein uses different mechanisms to converge upon similar solutions for altering RBD up/down positioning.
Characterization of the utility of three nebulizers in investigating infectivity of airborne viruses
Authors: Niazi Sadegh , Philp Lisa K. , Spann Kirsten , Johnson Graham R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLaboratory-generated bioaerosols are widely used in aerobiology studies of viruses, however few comparisons of alternative nebulizers exist. We compared aerosol production and virus survival for a Collison nebulizer, vibrating mesh nebulizer (VMN), and hydraulic spray atomizer (HAS). We also measured the dry size distribution of the aerosols produced, calculated the droplet sizes before evaporation and the dry size distribution from normal saline solution. Dry count median diameters of 0.25, 0.63 and 0.76 µm were found for normal saline from the Collison nebulizer, VMN and HSA, respectively. The volume median diameters were 2.91, 3.2 and 2.43 µm, respectively. The effect of nebulization on the viability of two influenza A viruses (IAVs) (H1N1, H3N2) and human rhinovirus (HRV)-16, was assessed by direct nebulization into an SKC Biosampler. The HSA had least impact on surviving fractions (SFs) of H1N1 and H3N2 (89±5%, 94±3%), followed by the Collison nebulizer (82±2%, 82±3%). The VMN yielded SFs of 78±2% and 76±2%, respectively. Conversely, for HRV-16, the VMN produced higher SFs (86±15%). Our findings indicate that although the VMN had the greatest impact on IAV survival, it produced higher aerosol concentrations within the airborne-size range making it more suitable where high aerosol mass production is required.ImportanceViral respiratory tract infections cause millions of lost days of work and physician visits globally, accounting for significant morbidity and mortality. Respiratory droplet and droplet nuclei from infected hosts are the substantial potential carriers of such viruses within indoor environments. Laboratory-generated bioaerosols are applied in understanding the transmission and infection of viruses, simulating the physiological aspects of bioaerosol generation in a controlled environment. However, little comparative characterization exists for nebulizers used in infectious disease aerobiology, including Collison nebulizer, Vibrating mesh nebulizer, and hydraulic spray atomizer. This study characterized the physical features of aerosols generated by laboratory nebulizers, and their performance in producing aerosols at a size relevant to airborne transmission used in infectious disease aerobiology. We also determined the impact of nebulization mechanisms of these nebulizers on the viability of human respiratory viruses, including IAV H1N1, IAV H3N2 and HRV-16.
Google Trends as a method to predict new COVID-19 cases
Authors: Jurić Tado 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we develop a method that can detect and predict the emergence of new cases of COVID-19 at an early stage. With this method, we try to lay the empirical basis for the development of the model of digital monitoring and prediction of the occurrence of new cases of COVID-19 in Croatia, relying on the analytical tool Google Trends (GT).ResultsIn Croatia search activities using GT for terms such as ‘‘PCR +Covid”, “PCR + test”, and symptoms “cough + corona”, “pneumonia + corona”; “muscle pain + corona” correlate strongly with officially reported cases of the disease. Google Trends tools are suitable for predicting the emergence of new COVID-19 cases in Croatia, and that the data collected by this method correlate with official data.The benefit of this method is reliable estimates that can enable public health officials to prepare and better respond to the possible return of a pandemic in certain parts of the country. If a region experiences an early, sharp increase in Covid-19-like-illness Google searches, it may be possible to focus additional resources on that region to identify the etiology of the outbreak, providing extra medical capacity or raising local media awareness as necessary.Because the relative frequency of certain queries is highly correlated with the percentage of physician visits in which a patient presents with Covid-19 symptoms, this method can serve as an early alarm to predict the emergence of new cases of COVID-19 in the specific area in Croatia.
The mechanism leads to successful clickbait promotion in WeChat social media platforms
Authors: Liu Matthew Tingchi , Xue Jin , Liu Yongdan 
Published: March 2021

PurposeThis study aims to examine how the clickbait headlines influence the perceived source credibility, subjective norm, perceived benefit and purchasing intention of customers on social commerce through social media platforms in different interpersonal relationship strength scenarios.Design/methodology/approachA total of three studies were employed online to test the hypotheses. Study 1 used a single-factor, two-condition (clickbait: yes vs no) between-subject design. Both study 2 and study 3 employed a 2 (clickbait: yes vs no) × 2 (relationships: close friend vs stranger) between-subject design. All data were sourced randomly from 729 respondents in China. Data and models were analyzed by using SPSS and Mplus.FindingsStudy 1 illustrated that clickbait has a negative effect on perceived credibility and purchase intention, and the perceived credibility mediated the relationship between clickbait and purchase intention. Study 2 replicated such finding and demonstrated that the interpersonal relationship strength interacts with the influence from clickbait to purchase intention. Study 3 enhanced the mechanism of source credibility found in the above studies and further revealed that perceived benefit and perceived norm had a mediating role in the purchase-making process online.Originality/valueResearch efforts to date concentrate on how to detect and reduce clickbait headlines. This paper adopts a different perspective, considering the consequences of clickbait in the marketing domain. This study reveals the effects of clickbait on purchase intention and the mechanism behind this process under different scenarios.
The effect of consumers' religiosity on consumer ethics: the mediating role of ethical ideology
Authors: Arli Denni , Tjiptono Fandy 
Published: March 2021

PurposeReligious doctrines generally encourage people to behave ethically. However, in daily life, individuals notice inconsistencies between religious beliefs and behavior, leading them to ask, in the context of commerce, why religious consumers would behave unethically. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of consumers' intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity on their ethical behavior. Specifically, the moderating effect of ethical ideology on the relationship between Indonesian consumers' religiosity and their ethics was examined by means of a survey.Design/methodology/approachThe data derived from the questionnaire were complemented by convenience samples of Indonesians living in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) in central Java. The researchers distributed 600 questionnaires in two major shopping malls and several housing areas in the region, of which 467 were completed and returned, for an overall response rate of 77.8%.FindingsThe results indicated that the participants' intrinsic religiosity negatively impacted their ethical beliefs and was mediated by their idealistic ethical ideology. The present study also found that idealism had negative effects on three of the four dimensions of the consumer ethics scale (CES) (actively benefiting, passively benefiting and questionable behavior), while relativism had positive effects on two of the dimensions (passively benefiting and questionable behavior.Research limitations/implicationsOne limitation of the present study was that the analysis did not distinguish among the religions practiced by the respondents to the questionnaire.Originality/valueThis is one of the first few studies investigating the mediating role of ethical ideology in a religious society. This study contributes to the literature on these issues in theoretical and managerial terms by extending the Hunt-Vitell theory (1986) to the context of consumer ethics.
Sustainability engagement in Latin America firms and cost of equity
Authors: Garzón Jiménez Renato , Zorio-Grima Ana 
Published: March 2021

PurposeCorporate social responsibility (CSR) actions are expected to reduce information asymmetries and increase legitimacy among the stakeholders of the company, which consequently should have a positive impact on the financial conditions of the firm. Hence, the objective of this paper is to find empirical evidence on the negative relationship between sustainable behavior and the cost of equity, in the specific context of Latin America. To address this issue, some proxies and moderating variables for sustainability are used in our study.Design/methodology/approachThe regression model considers a sample with 252 publicly trading firms and 2,772 firm-year observations, from 2008 to 2018. The generalized method of moments is used to avoid endogeneity problems.FindingsThe study finds evidence that firms with higher environmental, social and governance activities disclosed by sustainability reports and assured by external providers decrease their cost of equity, especially if they are in an integrated market as MILA. This finding confirms that agency conflicts between firm's management and stakeholders diminish with higher CSR transparency, leading to a lower cost of capital.Originality/valueOur research is unique and valuable as, to our knowledge, it is the first study to analyze the impact of sustainable behavior and the cost of equity from companies operating in Latin America.
Theory of self-cultivation based on Confucianism: a supplement to social exchange theory
Authors: Duan Jinyun , Yao Dilin , Xu Yue , Yu Linhan 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
Although domestic research on Chinese management is emerging, a suitable domestic theory is still needed to support and explain Chinese management practice. Given that, this paper aims to extract ideas of cultivation from Confucianism and propose a theoretical framework of self-cultivation with a purpose to provide new explanations for domestic (nondomestic as well) management practice.

Design/methodology/approach
Drawing from pre-Qin cultivation discourse and management practice, this paper develops a theoretical framework of self-cultivation and discusses its implications.

Findings
This paper argues that self-cultivation emphasizes self-consciousness, initiative and selflessness. It also includes self-reflection, self-discipline, self-study and self-improvement, as well as self-dedication, all of which reflect the ideal realm of “self-cultivation.” This “realm” refers to the process of pursuing an ideal personality and high moral standards.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the literature by identifying various potential applications of self-cultivation theory to domestic research on organizational behavior in China.
Emotional and social intelligence assessment model for student character reinforcement
Authors: Khilmiyah Akif , Wiyono Giri 
Published: March 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to help teachers resolve the difficulties in assessing the students' characters through the development of valid, reliable, goodness-of-fit statistic instrument of emotional and social intelligence assessment for elementary school students.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a research and development model from Plomp with five phases, such as investigation, design, realization, testing and implementation. The research subjects were 345 students of class IV amongst 20 elementary schools in Yogyakarta. Data collection used questionnaires, documentation, interviews, Forum Group Discussion and an observation. Data analysis used descriptive analysis, Aiken's V, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis formulae.FindingsThe research study helps solve the difficulties of teachers in assessing emotional and social intelligence, which have previously been in only one area of psychomotor. The design of emotional and social intelligence assessment instruments is made from three domains of character, namely, cognitive, affective and psychomotor. The form of the instrument is non-test in three variations. The construct of social and emotional intelligence assessment for a character reinforcement has met the validity, reliability and goodness-of-fit statistic.Research limitations/implicationsThis study explains that the Emotional and Social Intelligence (ESI) model is applied for measuring cognitive, affective and psychomotor in children. This study proves that the ESI model is a comprehensive assessment model for evaluating the children's soft skills, includes (1) personal abilities: the ability to make rational decisions, the ability to design the future and (2) social skills: the ability to work together and the ability to understand other people.Practical implicationsTeachers can measure and determine the condition of children's soft skills by operating the ESI model. Based on the knowledge of the correct soft skill conditions, the teacher can adjust the teaching materials and teaching methods that would improve the child's soft skills regarding to their respective conditions. Mastering these soft skills will affect the children's capability in facing the challenge in the upcoming society's life.Originality/valueThe novelty of this study is the design model of the emotional and social intelligence assessment instrument developed comprehensively and practically as it is created from three domains of character and three forms of non-test questions, so that the assessment is not mechanical, and easily practiced by users.
Lessons learned from keeping NSW’s prisons COVID-free
Authors: Blogg James , McGrath Colette , Galouzis Jennifer , Grant Luke , Hoey Wendy 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
New South Wales (NSW) correctional system houses 30% of prisoners in Australia and at this time has only had a single documented case of COVID-19 amongst its prisoner population. The coordinated response by Justice Health and Forensic Mental Health Network (The Network) undertaken with the support of NSW Ministry of Health, in partnership with Corrective Services NSW (CSNSW), Youth Justice and private jails has ensured that the NSW correctional system has remained otherwise COVID-free.

Design/methodology/approach
A research study of how a range of partners which support the operations of NSW Correctional System developed an effective approach for the prevention a COVID-19 epidemic amongst its inmates.

Findings
Establishment of effective partnerships, early coordination of representatives from all aspects of the NSW correctional system, limited access to the correctional environment, reduced prison population and strict isolation of all new receptions have all contributed to maintaining this COVID-free status despite other NSW settings with similar risk profiles, such as aged care facilities and cruise ship arrivals, experiencing serious outbreaks.

Research limitations/implications
Although Australia/New Zealand context of suppressed community infection rates for COVID-19 (which are approaching elimination in some jurisdictions) is in contrast to the situation in other parts of the world, the principles described in this paper will be useful to most other correctional systems.

Practical implications
Modelling was used to underline our approach and reinforced the veracity of following this approach.

Originality/value
The Network and CSNSW has been able to mount an effective, integrated response to the COVID-19 pandemic, which has been sustainable through the first peak of COVID-19 cases. This case study catalogues the process of developing this response and details each intervention implemented with inventive use of tables to demonstrate the impact of the range of interventions used.
Revisiting copreneurial from a business perspective: theoretical developments
Authors: Rodrigues Margarida , Franco Mário 
Published: March 2021

PurposeThe change in couples' personal ambitions concerning their careers, how they look after their family and how they deal with the work–family balance has revolutionized their position in the business world, specifically in family businesses. When couples embark on a joint business, the authors have copreneurial couples or copreneurs, the concept having existed for decades. This study provides mapping and a broad, holistic bibliometric analysis of copreneurs.Design/methodology/approachThe study presented here followed the literature review for scientific mapping of the topic under discussion.FindingsThe results obtained show that the vast literature on copreneurs refers to other social sciences rather than business and management. Furthermore, final refining of the initial research made indicates that the literature in these areas is still minimal, justifying the need for this study. Also shown is the need to continue to study copreneurs, as fundamental economic actors in the business sector.Practical implicationsOne of the study's main contributions lies in building a theoretical framework to explore empirically the success or failure of this business typology. The topics identified in this analysis highlighted copreneurial teams, copreneurial business and copreneurs' success factors.Originality/valueThe review presented here is wide-ranging and holistic, showing there is a shortage of research on the link between family business and copreneurs, whose conceptual difference lies in the construct of business succession since most researchers have studied psychological aspects, these couples' marital relationships and the factors contributing to conflict between work and domestic responsibilities.