bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypotheses on Agony: Field Research in a Genocidal Context
Authors: Lischer Sarah Kenyon 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTDrawing on my field research experiences in Rwanda, Bosnia, and Cambodia, I present a personal narrative that creates a vivid picture of field research in challenging environments and contemplates what research ethics look like in post-genocide societies. Working in violent, traumatized, or oppressive conditions reveals the fragility of traditional political science methods when confronted with the realities of human suffering. Part of the intrinsic value of field interviews is the unique interactive experience between researcher and respondents, which can never be fully replicated. Addressing the controversies about research methods, I argue that the Data Access and Research Transparency (DA-RT) versions of protection, replicability, and transparency undermine the integrity of field research and can threaten the security of researchers and respondents. This article also reflects on the personal experience of working in three post-genocide societies, including the effects of trauma and empathy. Despite the difficult subject matter and personal challenges, I continue to champion field research for the unmatched understanding it offers researchers. This reflection encourages a broader discussion about the value of human interaction in the research process, even if those interactions do not fit neatly into a methodological template.
A new ultradian rhythm in mammalian cell dry mass observed by holography
Authors: Ghenim Lamya , Allier Cédric , Obeid Patricia , Hervé Lionel , Fortin Jean-Yves , Balakirev Maxim , Gidrol Xavier 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe have discovered a new 4 h ultradian rhythm that occurs during the interphase of the cell cycle in a wide range of individual mammalian cells, including both primary and transformed cells. The rhythm was detected by holographic lens-free microscopy that follows the histories of the dry mass of thousands of single live cells simultaneously, each at a resolution of five minutes. It was vital that the rhythm was observed in inherently heterogeneous cell populations, thus eliminating synchronization and labeling bias. The rhythm is independent of circadian rhythm, and is temperature-compensated. We show that the amplitude of the fundamental frequency provides a way to quantify the effects of, chemical reagents on cells, thus shedding light on its mechanism. The rhythm is suppressed by proteostasis disruptors and is detected only in proliferating cells, suggesting that it represents a massive degradation and re-synthesis of protein every 4 h in growing cells.
Grain boundary oxidation of proton-irradiated nuclear grade stainless steel in simulated primary water of pressurized water reactor
Authors: Deng Ping , Peng Qunjia , Han En-Hou 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGrain boundary (GB) oxidation of proton-irradiated 304 nuclear grade stainless steel in primary water of pressurized water reactor was investigated. The investigation was conducted by studying microstructure of the oxide and oxide precursor formed at GB on an "atom-by-atom" basis by a combination of atom-probe tomography and transmission electron microscope. The results revealed that increasing irradiation dose promoted the GB oxidation, in correspondence with a different oxide and oxide precursor formed at the GB. Correlation of the oxide and oxide precursor with the GB oxidation behavior has been discussed in detail.
Influence of ultrasound on juvenile hormone titers in Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
Authors: Zha Yu-Ping , Wu Xiao-Ling , Zhang Zi-Yi , Chen Jing-Yuan , Chen Qi-Cai 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAbiotic stress factors can significantly affect insects. In particular, the stressful effects of exposure to ultrasound on insects are considered important. In the present study, we investigated the effects of ultrasound on the important global pest Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), which is the main vector of the pinewood nematode. We exposed M. alternatus adults (aged 1 day, 3 days, and 5 days) to ultrasound at different frequencies (using two ultrasonic devices, i.e., LHC20 with a mixture of frequencies at 35 kHz, 70 kHz, and 105 kHz; and GFG-8016G at two separate frequencies of 30 kHz and 60 kHz) for different periods of time (1 h, 12 h, and 24 h), before evaluating the juvenile hormone III (JHIII) titers. All of the ultrasound treatments significantly decreased the JHIII titers in M. alternatus adults. The decreases in the JHIII titers due to ultrasound exposure did not differ according to sex, but the effects on beetles of different ages differed significantly depending on the duration of exposure. The decreases in the JHIII titers were highest in male and female beetles after exposure to ultrasound for 12 h. Following exposure to ultrasound for any time period, the decreases in the JHIII titers were lower in adults aged 3 days than those aged 1 day and 5 days. The different ultrasonic frequencies led to variable decreases in the JHIII titers in M. alternatus adults, where the greatest decreases occurred in beetles exposed to ultrasound at 60 kHz. Our results indicate that ultrasound can negatively affect the normal JHIII levels and it may further disrupt sexual maturation by M. alternatus adults.
Quality of Life Following Stroke: A Qualitative Study Across 30 Years
Authors: Chleboun Steffany M. , Brady Kathryn , Zelenak Jennie 
Published: January 2021

Much of what we know about stroke is limited to the first 5 years postinjury; however, the effects of having a stroke remain several years, even decades, postinjury, and the impact this has on an individual's quality of life over a long period of time is not completely understood.

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to understand one woman's experience living with the effects of stroke over multiple decades postinjury and to explore factors that affected her quality of life during this time.

Method
Using Grounded Theory methodology, data were drawn from 28 years of journals kept by the participant and from semistructured family interviews.

Results
Four major interacting themes emerged from the data: family support, faith, personality, and journaling. Findings are discussed in the context of resilience theory.
Deciphering Tumor Heterogeneity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)—Multi-Omic and Singulomic Approaches
Authors: Dhanasekaran Renumathy 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTumor heterogeneity, a key hallmark of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), poses a significant challenge to developing effective therapies or predicting clinical outcomes in HCC. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing-based multi-omic and single cell analysis technologies have enabled us to develop high-resolution atlases of tumors and pull back the curtain on tumor heterogeneity. By combining multiregion targeting sampling strategies with deep sequencing of the genome, transcriptome, epigenome, and proteome, several studies have revealed novel mechanistic insights into tumor initiation and progression in HCC. Advances in multiparametric immune cell profiling have facilitated a deeper dive into the biological complexity of HCC, which is crucial in this era of immunotherapy. Moreover, studies using liquid biopsy have demonstrated their potential to circumvent the need for tissue sampling to investigate heterogeneity. In this review, we discuss how multi-omic and single-cell sequencing technologies have advanced our understanding of tumor heterogeneity in HCC.
Clinical Conundrums When Integrating the QbTest into a Standard ADHD Assessment of Children and Young People
Authors: Vogt Carsten 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe uptake of the QbTest in clinical practice is increasing and has recently been supported by research evidence proposing its effectiveness in relation to clinical decision-making. However, the exact underlying process leading to this clinical benefit is currently not well established and requires further clarification. For the clinician, certain challenges arise when adding the QbTest as a novel method to standard clinical practice, such as having the skills required to interpret neuropsychological test information and assess for diagnostically relevant neurocognitive domains that are related to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), or how neurocognitive domains express themselves within the behavioral classifications of ADHD and how the quantitative measurement of activity in a laboratory setting compares with real-life (ecological validity) situations as well as the impact of comorbidity on test results. This article aims to address these clinical conundrums in aid of developing a consistent approach and future guidelines in clinical practice.
Objects that matter
Authors: Caronia Letizia , Colla Vittoria 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIt has been two decades since the social-material turn in social interaction studies proved the heuristic limits of a logocentric analytical geography. In this paper, we focus on the performative function of objects in an underexplored learning activity: parent-assisted homework. Adopting a Conversation Analysis informed approach complemented by the ventriloquial perspective on communication, we illustrate how parent-assisted homework is accomplished through the multiple resources in the semiotic field. Particularly, we show how participants orient to and exploit the agency of materiality in interaction. In the conclusion we raise a socio-pedagogical issue concerning the cultural capital embedded in the learning environment as well as the parents’ competence in recognizing and exploiting it in ways that are aligned with the school culture.
Small interfering RNAs in tendon homeostasis
Authors: Gargano Giuseppe , Oliviero Antonio , Oliva Francesco , Maffulli Nicola 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Tenogenesis and tendon homeostasis are guided by genes encoding for the structural molecules of tendon fibres. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), acting on gene regulation, can therefore participate in the process of tendon healing.

Sources of data
A systematic search of different databases to October 2020 identified 17 suitable studies.

Areas of agreement
SiRNAs can be useful to study reparative processes of tendons and identify possible therapeutic targets in tendon healing.

Areas of controversy
Many genes and growth factors involved in the processes of tendinopathy and tendon healing can be regulated by siRNAs. It is however unclear which gene silencing determines the expected effect.

Growing points
Gene dysregulation of growth factors and tendon structural proteins can be influenced by siRNA.

Areas timely for developing research
It is not clear whether there is a direct action of the siRNAs that can be used to facilitate the repair processes of tendons.
ANALYSIS OF GENETIC MOSAICS OF THE NEMATODE CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS
Authors: Herman Robert K 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
A new method for producing genetic mosaics, which involves the spontaneous somatic loss of free chromosome fragments, is demonstrated. Four genes that affect the behavior of C. elegans were studied in mosaic animals. The analysis was greatly aided by the fact that the complete cell lineage of wild-type animals is known. Two of the mutant genes affect certain sensory responses and prevent uptake of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) by certain sensory neurons. Mosaic analysis indicated that one of these mutant genes is cell autonomous with respect to its effect on FITC uptake and the other is cell nonautonomous. In the latter case, the genotype of a non-neuronal supporting cell that surrounds the processes of the neurons that normally take up FITC probably is critical. The other two mutant genes affect animal movement. Mosaic analysis indicated that the expression of one of these genes is specific to certain neurons (motor neurons of the ventral and dorsal nerve cords are prime candidates) and the expression of the other gene is specific to muscle cells.
GENETIC HETEROZYGOSITY IN UNREPLICATED BACTERIOPHAGE Λ RECOMBINANTS
Authors: White Raymond L , Fox Maurice S 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Bacteriophage crosses using density-labeled parents have been carried out under conditions restricting DNA synthesis. The parental material and genetic contributions to progeny manifesting recombination within a genetic interval sufficiently short to exhibit high negative interference have been examined. The unreplicated products of recombination isolated as phage particles appear to contain long continuous heteroduplex regions which are heterozygous for the closely linked markers. Recombination between closely linked markers seems to be the consequence of the removal of base-pair mismatches that are present within the heteroduplex regions. This localized reduction of heterozygosity within the heteroduplex regions that join the parental components of recombinant DNA molecules can account for high negative interference.
A STUDY OF PNEUMOCOCCAL MERODIPLOIDS AT THE MOLECULAR LEVEL
Authors: Kashmiri S V S , Hotchkiss Rollin D 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
The DNA of a sulfonamide-resistant Pneumococcal strain (heterozygous for sulr-c) and that of three highly resistant and persistently heterozygous cd transformants, derived by introducing sulr-c marker into a stable sulfonamide resistant strain (sulr-d), were studied to analyze the genetic basis of their merodiploidy. The physical properties of the native and denatured DNA from the heterozygotes and the nonheterozygous strains were not distinguishable. The denaturability and the renaturability of biological activity for the heterozygous markers were essentially identical to those of the normal markers. The heterozygosity extends to the closely linked locus giving rise to four different configurations of cd and cd + transformants, characterized by their frequencies of segregation and donor-marker activities. The marker-activity ratios and the frequency of co-transfer of heterozygous markers were found to remain the same in each when the donor DNA was native, denatured or reannealed without fractionation or reannealed after remixing of resolved strands. Possible models were weighed against these observations and these considerations led to the suggestion that tandem duplication of a gene region may be responsible for the heterozygosity and instability of this region. A more detailed examination of this model will be presented in an accompanying paper.
Cold-water shellfish as harvestable resources and important ecosystem players
Authors: Hvingel Carsten , Sainte-Marie Bernard , Kruse Gordon H 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The symposium, Shellfish—Resources and Invaders of the North, took place 5–7 November 2019 in Tromsø, Norway. Approximately 110 participants presented and discussed 60 talks and 25 posters. Of these, ten articles are published in this symposium issue. The goal of this symposium was to discuss the role of shellfish, both as harvestable resources and as important ecosystem players in northern hemisphere cold marine environments. To provide perspective for the symposium, the development of four major crustacean fisheries (northern shrimp, snow crab, Homarus, Norway lobster) are reviewed. Our review showed that landings of all these fisheries are still in a state of flux due to inherent population dynamics, fishing, and climate change. The talks and posters covered a broad range of state-of-the-art bioecological knowledge and present challenges in the assessment and management of the most ecologically and/or commercially important cold-water shellfish species belonging to the phyla Arthropoda, Mollusca, and Echinodermata. Various alternative harvesting and management techniques were presented along with perspectives for shellfish aquaculture. Methods and models for stock assessment were thoroughly covered as well as the ecological role of shellfish, their population dynamics, new insights into their biology and genetics, and their changing distribution and significance as invasive species.
Recurrence rates of surgically resected solitary fibrous tumours of the pleura: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Wan-Li , Wu Wei , Hong Qiong-Chuan , Lv Kun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract OBJECTIVESRecurrence rates of solitary fibrous tumours of the pleura (SFTP) after surgical resection vary widely in the published literature. Our objective was to systematically review the existing literature to determine an accurate estimate of SFTP recurrence rates after surgical resection and to determine risk factors associated with recurrence.METHODSPubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane library were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials and observational studies (prospective or retrospective) through 20 June 2020 that reported the recurrence rates after surgical resection. The outcome of interest was recurrence.RESULTSOf the 23 included studies comparing 1262 patients, the overall recurrence of SFTP in patients who underwent surgical resection was 9% [95% confidence interval (CI) 7–12%; I2 = 52%]. In addition, pooled benign and malignant recurrence rates were 3% (95% CI 2–5%; I2 = 8%) and 22% (95% CI 15–32%; I2 = 52%), respectively. A benign SFTP was associated with a significantly lower recurrence rate than a malignant SFTP [odds ratio (OR) 0.11; 95% CI 0.06–0.20; I2 = 0%]. There was no significant difference in the recurrence rates between lesions originating from parietal versus visceral pleura (OR 1.30; 95% CI 0.28–6.02; I2 = 59%). Female sex was associated with increased recurrence (OR 5.29; 95% CI 1.66–16.92; I2 = 0%).CONCLUSIONSCollectively, this systematic review demonstrated a 9% SFTP post-resection recurrence rate. Furthermore, the recurrence rates for benign and malignant SFTP were 3% and 22%, respectively. Histological malignancy and female sex were associated with higher risk.
Vitamin D supplementation, COVID-19 and disease severity: a meta-analysis
Authors: Shah K , Saxena D , Mavalankar D 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective: Current meta-analysis aims to understand the effect of oral supplementation of vitamin D on intensive care unit (ICU) requirement and mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
Methods: Databases PubMed, preprint servers, and google scholar were searched from December 2019 to December 2020. Authors searched for the articles assessing role of vitamin D supplementation on COVID-19. Cochrane RevMan tool was used for quantitative assessment of the data, where heterogeneity was assessed using I2 and Q statistics and data was expressed using odds ratio with 95% confidence interval.
Results: Final meta-analysis involved pooled data of 532 hospitalized patients (189 on vitamin D supplementation and 343 on usual care/placebo) of COVID-19 from three studies (Two randomized controlled trials, one retrospective case-control study). Statistically (p&lt;0.0001) lower ICU requirement was observed in patients with vitamin D supplementation as compared to patients without supplementations (odds ratio: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.210-0.626). However, it suffered from significant heterogeneity, which reduced after sensitivity analysis. In case of mortality, vitamin D supplements has comparable findings with placebo treatment/usual care (odds ratio: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.413-2.113; p=0.87). The studies did not show any publication bias and had fair quality score. Subgroup analysis could not be performed due to limited number of studies and hence dose and duration dependent effect of vitamin D could not be evaluated.
Conclusions: Although the current meta-analysis findings indicate potential role of vitamin D in improving COVID-19 severity in hospitalized patients, more robust data from randomized controlled trials are needed to substantiate its effects on mortality.
Resurrection of the Follow-Back Method to Study the Transdiagnostic Origins of Psychosis
Authors: van Os Jim , Schaub Annette , Carpenter William T 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
There has been a major drive in research trying to understand the onset of psychosis. Clinical-high risk (CHR) studies focus on opportunistic help-seeking samples with non-psychotic disorders and a degree of psychosis admixture of variable outcome, but it is unlikely that these represent the population incidence of psychotic disorders. Longitudinal cohort studies of representative samples in the general population have focused on development and outcome of attenuated psychotic symptoms, but typically have low power to detect transition to clinical psychotic disorder. In this issue of Schizophrenia Bulletin, Cupo and colleagues resurrect a time-honored method to examine psychosis onset: the epidemiological follow-back study, modernizing it to fit the research framework of the early intervention era. The authors set out to investigate the hypothesis that psychotic disorder represents the poorest outcome fraction of initially non-psychotic, common mental disorders and present compelling findings, unifying previous opportunistic CHR and representative cohort-based work.
Mycetoma: the journey from neglect to recognition as a neglected tropical disease
Authors: Fahal Ahmed H 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Mycetoma recently had gained international attention and conscious awareness after its inclusion under the WHO/NTD list in 2016. The journey to achieve that was both long, challenging as well as it was exciting and hard. In this article, the milestones and various events that took place in this journey were documented and highlighted.
Is Adjunctive Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment Alone or with Surgery the Proper Management for Active and Persistent Osteoradionecrosis?
Authors: Jenwitheesuk Kamonwan , Mahakkanukrauh Ajanee , Punjaruk Wiyada , Vatanasapt Patravoot , Jenwitheesuk Kriangsak , Surakunprapha Palakorn , Jinaporntham Suthin , Uraiwan Krittinant , Limrattanapimpa Phasuk 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
This study enrolled patients with stage 3 osteoradionecrosis. There were three treatment modalities: antibiotics, hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), and surgery. Complete healing was the primary outcome. Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that surgery with HBOT improved wound healing better than HBOT alone.
Twice-Daily Moisturizer Application for Skin Tear Prevention among Older Adults in Acute Care
Authors: Mornane Carolyn , Peck Blake , Terry Daniel , Ryan Michael 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To examine the effectiveness of twice-daily moisturizer application for patients admitted to an acute care setting on reducing the incidence of skin tear (ST) injuries.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This prospective, nonrandomized, case-control study identified an experimental and control ward equivalent in demography and patient acuity in a large hospital in regional Victoria, Australia. Patients 70 years or older admitted to the wards were invited to participate.

INTERVENTION
Twice-daily application of a commercially available skin and body lotion to the arms and legs of participants.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The incidence of ST in the experimental and control settings in the pre-, intra-, and posttrial periods.

MAIN RESULTS
Although a decrease in ST incidence was observed over the study period (n = 128), this decrease was not significant pre- (median = 2.16, n = 73), intra- (median = 2.16, n = 73), or postintervention (median = 2.16, n = 69; χ[2, 152] = 0.502, P = .778). Similarly, there was no significant difference between wards (median = 9.86 [n = 152] vs median = 13.14 [n = 177]; U = 42.50, z = −1.198, r = 0.358, P = .231).

CONCLUSIONS
The moisturizer in this study did not have a direct influence on the frequency of STs in the study population, although the data would suggest an intermittent reduction in ST incidence. The authors postulate that this was correlated with behavior change effects from the study.