bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An immunotherapeutic approach to decipher the role of long non-coding RNAs in cancer progression, resistance and epigenetic regulation of immune cells
Authors: Varier Krishnapriya M. , Dhandapani Hemavathi , Liu Wuling , Song Jialei , Wang Chunlin , Hu Anling , Ben-David Yaacov , Shen Xiangchun , Li Yanmei , Gajendran Babu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractImmunotherapeutic treatments are gaining attention due to their effective anti-tumor response. Particularly, the revolution of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) produces promising outcomes for various cancer types. However, the usage of immunotherapy is limited due to its low response rate, suggesting that tumor cells escape the immune surveillance. Rapid advances in transcriptomic profiling have led to recognize immune-related long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs), as regulators of immune cell-specific gene expression that mediates immune stimulatory as well as suppression of immune response, indicating LncRNAs as targets to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy against tumours. Moreover, the immune-related LncRNAs acting as epigenetic modifiers are also under deep investigation. Thus, herein, is a summarised knowledge of LncRNAs and their regulation in the adaptive and innate immune system, considering their importance in autophagy and predicting putative immunotherapeutic responses.
Differences in oxylipin profile in psoriasis versus psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Coras Roxana , Kavanaugh Arthur , Kluzniak Angela , Holt Dustina , Weilgosz Amy , Aaron Armando , Quehenberger Oswald , Ritchlin Christopher , Guma Monica 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Oxylipins are biological lipids that have been implicated in inflammation. We previously found that certain oxylipins correlated with clinical manifestations in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients. Here, we compare oxylipin profiles in PsA patients and those with psoriasis (PsO) without inflammatory arthritis to identify oxylipins that associate with specific disease manifestations to better understand disease pathogenesis and identify new biomarkers.

Methods
Consecutive patients with PsA (who met the CASPAR classification criteria for PsA) and PsO were recruited from the Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic. A thorough clinical examination was performed, including entheseal (Leeds enthesitis index (LEI)) and joint involvement (SJC/TJC 66/68). Patients were evaluated for pain and global disease activity on a visual analog scale (VAS) ranging from 0 to 100. This was followed by disease activity scores calculation: cDAPSA (Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis) and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI). Serum oxylipins were determined by mass spectrometry and their association with clinical characteristics (PASI/LEI and cDAPSA) was analyzed using Metaboanalyst 4.0 and R version 3.6.1.

Results
Twenty PsO (average age 52 [10.8], 55% males) and 19 PsA patients (average age 60.5 [11.4], 63.1% males) were included. PsO patients had an average body mass index (BMI) of 33.7 (6.84) and an average PASI of 3.8 (4.2). PsA patients had an average BMI of 31.9 (5.6), TJC of 9.3 (10.41), SJC of 3.7 (4.23), with an average cDAPSA of 23.3 (11.4). 63.1% of PsA patients had enthesitis (average LEI 2.2 [3]) and the same percentage had psoriasis (average PASI 3(5]). Sera were analyzed for oxylipin levels. PsO and PsA patients with higher PASI score (> 2.5) had significantly lower serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory oxylipins, most of them arachidonic acid derived (AA). Oxylipin profiling did not associate with cDAPSA. Interestingly, several AA-derived oxylipins (5,15 di-HETE (5S,15S-dihydroxy-6E,8Z,10Z,13E-eicosatetraenoic acid), 5-oxoETE (5-Oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid), PGE2 (prostaglandin E2), 11bPGE2 (11 beta prostaglandin D2), and LTB4 (leukotriene B4)) were significantly increased in PsA patients with enthesitis compared to those without.

Conclusions
The AA-derived proinflammatory oxylipins were lower in both PsO and PsA patients with higher skin scores. Joint disease activity was not associated with the concentrations of oxylipins. Yet, enthesitis was associated with an increase of AA-derived pro-inflammatory oxylipins in PsA patients. Further studies are needed to determine whether oxylipin profiling can be a good biomarker of enthesitis in PsA patients.
Multispectral intravital microscopy for simultaneous bright-field and fluorescence imaging of the microvasculature
Authors: Janssen Barry G. H. , Najiminaini Mohamadreza , Zhang Yan Min , Omidi Parsa , Carson Jeffrey J. L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntravital video microscopy permits the observation of microcirculatory blood flow. This often requires fluorescent probes to visualize structures and dynamic processes that cannot be observed with conventional bright-field microscopy. Conventional light microscopes do not allow for simultaneous bright-field and fluorescent imaging. Moreover, in conventional microscopes, only one type of fluorescent label can be observed. This study introduces multispectral intravital video microscopy, which combines bright-field and fluorescence microscopy in a standard light microscope. The technique enables simultaneous real-time observation of fluorescently-labeled structures in relation to their direct physical surroundings. The advancement provides context for the orientation, movement, and function of labeled structures in the microcirculation.
Heterogeneity of government social spending in European Union countries
Authors: Korzeniowska Anna Magdalena 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSocial expenditure plays an important role in European Union (EU) countries. It improves the lives of citizens whose welfare is endangered due to poverty or illness. However, social expenditure represents a considerable share of the budgets of EU member states. Despite evident similarities in their levels of development, EU countries show apparent differences in social expenditure levels. Therefore, this work aims to determine the similarities and differences between EU countries in this regard. The analysis uses clustering methods, such as hierarchical cluster analysis and the k-means, to divide countries into homogeneous groups. The research demonstrates significant differences between EU countries in the years 2008–2018, which resulted in a low number of objects (countries) in the identified groups. In the case of 6 out of 28 countries, it was not possible to assign them to any group. The research proves that EU countries should take more care when organising their social policy, taking into consideration cultural and social factors.
Effect of TSH Suppression Therapy on Bone Mineral Density in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Ku Eu Jeong , Yoo Won Sang , Lee Eun Kyung , Ahn Hwa Young , Woo Seung Hoon , Hong Jun Hwa , Chung Hyun Kyung , Park Jin-Woo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Context
Because subclinical hyperthyroidism increases the risk of osteoporosis and fractures, concerns are growing about the long-term skeletal safety of TSH suppression therapy after total thyroidectomy in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC).

Objective
We aimed to determine the effect of TSH suppression therapy on bone mineral density (BMD) in DTC patients.

Methods
We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane library, and other sources. Eligible observational studies included DTC patients who underwent TSH suppression therapy and BMD measurement. Two independent reviewers extracted data on the studies’ characteristics and outcomes and determined their risk of bias. Data were extracted from each study for postmenopausal/premenopausal women’s and men’s lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck (FN), and total hip (TH) BMD and summed using a random-effects meta-analysis model. The weighted mean differences with 95% CIs are expressed for the differences in outcome measurements between groups.

Results
Seventeen studies (739 patients and 1085 controls) were included for quantitative analysis. In postmenopausal women, TSH suppression therapy showed a significant decrease in LS BMD (-0.03; -0.05, -0.02), and a similar trend was seen in TH. In premenopausal women, TSH suppression therapy significantly increased LS BMD (0.04; 0.02, 0.06) and FN BMD (0.02; 0.01, 0.04). In men, there was no significant association between TSH suppression therapy and BMD at any site compared with the controls.

Conclusion
Evidence from observational studies suggests that postmenopausal women treated with TSH suppression therapy are at risk for lower BMD. Attention should be paid to long-term skeletal safety in DTC survivors.
Associations of Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference in Young Adulthood with Later Life Incident Diabetes
Authors: Nair Nandini , Vittinghoff Eric , Pletcher Mark J , Oelsner Elizabeth C , Allen Norrina B , Ndumele Chiadi E , West Nancy A , Strotmeyer Elsa S , Mukamal Kenneth J , Siscovick David S , Biggs Mary L , Laferrère Blandine , Moran Andrew E , Zhang Yiyi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Context
The independent contribution of young adult exposure to overweight and obesity to later-life incident diabetes is not well studied.

Objective
To assess the associations of exposures to elevated body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in young adulthood (ages 18-39 years) with incident diabetes later in life (≥40 years).

Design
Pooled data from 6 US prospective cohorts (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, Cardiovascular Risk Development in Young Adults Study, Cardiovascular Health Study, (4) Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort, (5) Health, Aging and Body Composition Study, and (6) Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

Setting
Population-based cohort studies.

Participants
30 780 participants (56.1% female, 69.8% non-Hispanic white) without a diagnosis of diabetes by age 40.

Interventions
We imputed BMI and WC trajectories from age 18 for every participant and estimated time-weighted average exposures to BMI or WC during young adulthood and later life.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Incident diabetes defined as fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, nonfasting glucose ≥200 mg/dL, or use of diabetes medications.

Results
During a 9-year median follow-up, 4323 participants developed incident diabetes. Young adult BMI and WC were associated with later-life incident diabetes after controlling for later-life exposures [hazard ratios (HR) 1.99 for BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 and 2.13 for WC &gt; 88cm (women)/&gt;102cm (men) compared to normal ranges]. Young adult homeostatic model of insulin resistance mediated 49% and 44% of the association between BMI and WC with later-life incident diabetes. High-density lipoproteins and triglycerides mediated a smaller proportion of these associations.

Conclusions
Elevated BMI and WC during young adulthood were independently associated with later-life incident diabetes. Insulin resistance may be a key mediator.
Associations Between Diabetes and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: a Study-level Pooled Analysis of 26 Million People
Authors: Li Chenyu , Xiao Yang , Hu Jingyi , Hu Zhuowei , Yan Jianru , Zhou Zhiguang , Mei Zubing 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Context
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a systemic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia associated with inflammation and oxidative stress, and the lung may be a target organ of diabetic microvascular damage. Several studies have indicated a positive association between idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and diabetes with controversial findings.

Objective
Primary outcomes were to compare the prevalence of DM among individuals with IPF to non-IPF controls, and the prevalence of IPF among individuals with DM to non-DM controls.

Methods
Data sources include PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. Studies contained sufficient data to calculate the prevalence of DM among individuals with and without IPF, or the prevalence of IPF among individuals with and without DM. Two investigators independently identified eligible studies and extracted data. Pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI was the summary effect measure.

Results
Eighteen studies including 26 410 623 individuals met the eligibility criteria, of whom 16 recruited people with IPF and 2 recruited people with DM. The OR of DM in IPF patients was 1.54 (95% CI, 1.30-1.84; P &lt; .001) compared to that in non-IPF controls. However, compared with that in non-DM patients, the risk of IPF in DM patients was not found to be significantly reduced (OR: 0.89; 95% CI, 0.64-1.25; P = .497).

Conclusion
This meta-analysis suggests that people with IPF have 1.54 times increased odds of diabetes compared to non-IPF controls, while whether patients with DM have an increased risk of IPF is still controversial. Further large, prospective cohort studies investigating the prevalence of IPF in diabetic patients are warranted.
Predicting Early and Late Readmissions Following Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy
Authors: Moon Eui Whan , Wong Jolene Si Min , See Amanda Hui Min , Ong Whee Sze , Tan Chee Ann , Ong Chin-Ann Johnny , Chia Claramae Shulyn , Soo Khee Chee , Teo Melissa Ching Ching , Tan Grace Hwei Ching 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Postoperative readmissions not only burden the healthcare system but may also affect clinical outcomes of cancer patients. Despite this, little is known about readmissions after cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), or their impact on survival outcomes.

Patients and Methods
A single-institution retrospective cohort study of CRS-HIPEC procedures from April 2001 and September 2019 was performed. Early readmission (ERA) was defined as hospitalization within 30 days of discharge post-CRS/HIPEC, while late readmission (LRA) was defined as hospitalization between day 31 and 90 after discharge. Patient demographic, oncological, and perioperative factors were analyzed to identify predictors of readmission, and comparison of survival outcomes was performed.

Results
Overall, 342 patients who underwent CRS-HIPEC were included in the study. The incidence of ERA and LRA was 18.5% and 7.4%, respectively. High-grade postoperative complication was the only independent predictor of ERA (HR 3.64, 95% CI 1.47–9.02), while comorbid hypertension (HR 2.71, 95% CI 1.17–6.28) and stoma creation (HR 2.83, 95% CI 1.23–6.50) were independent predictors for LRA. Patients with readmission had significantly worse disease-free survival than patients who had no readmission (NRA) (LRA 1.1 years, ERA 1.2 years, NRA 1.8 years, p = 0.002), and patients with LRA had worse median overall survival (2.1 years) than ERA patients (3.3 years) or patients without readmission (4.4 years) (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Readmission following CRS-HIPEC is associated with adverse survival outcomes. In particular, LRA may portend worse prognosis than ERA.
Controversial Areas in Axillary Staging: Are We Following the Guidelines?
Authors: Armani Ava , Douglas Sasha , Kulkarni Swati , Wallace Anne , Blair Sarah 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has been the standard of care for clinically node-negative women with invasive breast cancer (IBC); however, there is less agreement on whether to perform SLNB when the risk of metastasis is low or when it does not affect survival or locoregional control.

Methods
An Institutional Review Board-approved survey was sent to members of the American Society of Breast Surgeons asking in which scenarios surgeons would recommend SLNB. Descriptive statistics and multivariable analysis were performed using SPSS software.

Results
There was a 23% response rate; 68% identified as breast surgical oncologists, 6% as surgical oncologists, 24% as general surgeons, and 2% as other. The majority practiced in a community setting (71%) versus an academic setting (29%). In a healthy female with clinical T1N0 hormone receptor-positive (HR+) IBC, 83% favored SLNB if the patient was 75 years of age, versus 35% if the patient was 85 years of age. Academic surgeons were less likely to perform axillary staging in a healthy 75-year-old (odds ratio [OR] 0.51 [0.32–0.80], p = 0.004) or a healthy 85-year-old (OR 0.48 [0.31–0.74], p = 0.001). For DCIS, 32% endorsed SLNB in women undergoing lumpectomy, with breast surgical oncologists and academic surgeons being less likely to endorse this procedure (OR 0.54 [0.36–0.82], p = 0.028; and OR 0.53 [0.34–0.83], p = 0.005, respectively).

Conclusions
Despite studies showing that omitting SLNB in older patients with HR+ IBC does not impact regional control or survival, most surgeons are still opting for axillary staging. In addition, one in three are performing SLNB for lumpectomies for DCIS. Breast surgical oncologists and academic surgeons were more likely to be practicing based on recent data and guidelines. Practice patterns are changing but there is still room for improvement.
Sustainable oral healthcare and the environment: mitigation strategies
Authors: Martin Nicolas , Smith Lucy , Mulligan Steven 
Published: July 2021

Carbon emissions and single-use plastics (SUPs) are the main forms of environmental pollution relating to waste arising from oral healthcare. Ownership of this problem is shared with the whole supply chain, from manufacturing to distribution, procurement, clinical use and finally, waste management. Mitigation strategies focus on the individual stakeholders in the supply chain, including the provision of clinical care. Key to this is establishing a baseline analysis of the nature and the size of the problem through life cycle assessments (LCAs). Reduction of CO2 emissions, other associated environmental impacts and plastic waste is considered through remote clinical consultations, recycling, patient education and the provision of high-quality care to achieve high impact environmentally sustainable outcomes. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Environmentally sustainable oral healthcare requires the combined efforts of all stakeholders across the supply chain. The provision of good oral healthcare can deliver environmentally sustainable outcomes from a reduced need for interventions.
Minimally invasive management of erosive tooth surface loss using a combined direct and indirect approach: a case report
Authors: Pirmohamed Salman 
Published: July 2021

This article describes the management of a patient with generalized (primarily erosive) tooth surface loss. It specifically looks at minimally invasive techniques using improvements in material science to achieve this in an efficient and predictable manner within a general dental practice setting. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The use of minimally invasive techniques within a general dental practice setting are highlighted.
Cleft lip and palate in general dental practice: filling in the gaps
Authors: Reddy Sharan , Liu Catherine , Vaidyanathan Mina , Bhujel Nabina 
Published: July 2021

Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is the most common of craniofacial anomalies in humans. CLP results from disruption of embryonic processes during orofacial development; while syndromic clefts may have clearer aetiology, non-syndromic clefts are heterogeneous in aetiology. It is important for GDPs to understand the classification of CLP and the structure of centralized cleft centres in order to communicate with cleft teams. This article aims to clarify the role of GDPs within cleft management and discusses challenges in maintaining oral health in this group of patients, including increased risk of dental caries and periodontal disease, dental anomalies and psychosocial considerations.CPD/Clinical Relevance: The GDP should be responsible for maintaining good oral health for the patient with cleft lip and palate, focusing on prevention from a young age and restorative work if needed.
Get Smart – technological innovations in endodontics part 2: case-difficulty assessment and future perspectives
Authors: Shah Pratik Kamalkant , Zhang Qianni , Chong Bun San 
Published: July 2021

Given the importance of risk management to avoid mishaps, to achieve a quality result and to ensure a favourable outcome, challenging endodontic cases are best treated by clinicians with the appropriate level of training and experience. Digital and technological innovations in endodontics have led to the development of web-based and smartphone-compatible case-difficulty assessment tools that can help less-experienced dentists identify endodontic management complexities. These interactive tools may also be used for other applications, including primary and secondary care triage, research and dental education. Similarly, advances such as artificial intelligence and mixed reality technologies, are predicted to also benefit endodontics and help support dentists in the management of complex endodontic cases.CPD/Clinical Relevance: Digital and technological developments may help improve the management and treatment of endodontic cases.
Can implant-retained overdenture components cause damage to the opposing natural dentition?
Authors: Razaghi Nahal , Hughes Mike , Patel Mital 
Published: July 2021

This clinical case series highlights an under-reported and often unidentified complication of implant-retained overdentures that may leave patients with a risk of long-term discomfort and preventable damage to the opposing dentition. A variety of cases is discussed to demonstrate potential problems and symptoms that can flag up signs of parafunctional habits in implant patients, and how these can be managed successfully. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Implant-retained overdentures provide a significant improvement in quality of life; however, careful patient assessment and management is essential to ensure the components do not cause damage to the opposing dentition.
The twin-block appliance for correction of class II division 1 malocclusion
Authors: Salloum Erfan , Millett Declan T , McIntyre Grant T 
Published: July 2021

The twin-block appliance is a widely used functional appliance for the correction of Class II division 1 malocclusion in growing children and adolescents. This article outlines the indications and case assessment, the steps in clinical management and appliance design. Evidence regarding the mode of action, effects and prediction of treatment outcome of the twin-block appliance for Class II division 1 malocclusion are also presented. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The twin-block appliance is a widely used functional appliance in the UK for the correction of Class II division 1 malocclusion in growing children and adolescents.
Variable Anisotropic Hardy Spaces with Variable Exponents
Authors: Yang Zhenzhen , Yang Yajuan , Sun Jiawei , Li Baode 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Let p(·) : ℝ
n
→ (0, ∞] be a variable exponent function satisfying the globally log-Hölder continuous and let Θ be a continuous multi-level ellipsoid cover of ℝ
n
introduced by Dekel et al. [12]. In this article, we introduce highly geometric Hardy spaces Hp

(·)(Θ) via the radial grand maximal function and then obtain its atomic decomposition, which generalizes that of Hardy spaces Hp
(Θ) on ℝ
n
with pointwise variable anisotropy of Dekel et al. [16] and variable anisotropic Hardy spaces of Liu et al. [24]. As an application, we establish the boundedness of variable anisotropic singular integral operators from Hp

(·)(Θ) to Lp

(·)(ℝ
n
) in general and from Hp

(·)(Θ) to itself under the moment condition, which generalizes the previous work of Bownik et al. [6] on Hp
(Θ).