bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transnationalität und transnationale Migration
Authors: Störkle Mario 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungDer in der vorliegenden Studie erarbeitete, theoretische Rahmen stützt sich auf Ansätze zum Thema Transnationalität bzw. transnationale Migration. (vgl. Dahinden 2009a; Pries 2008; Faist 2008; Kokot 2002; Vertovec 2009) Unter „Transnationalität“ im weitesten Sinne versteht man die multiplen Verbindungen, „die Personen an verschiedenen Orten gleichzeitig und über nationale Grenzen hinweg aufrechterhalten“. (Dahinden 2009a: 17) Migrantinnen und Migranten führen – entsprechend diesem Ansatz – geographisch getrennte Räume zu einem einzigen Aktionsraum – dem transnationalen Raum – zusammen, indem sie sich fortwährend zwischen unterschiedlichen sozialen, politischen, kulturellen und ökonomischen Kontexten hin und her bewegen.
2HDM singlet portal to dark matter
Authors: Cabrera M. E. , Casas J. A. , Delgado A. , Robles S. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Higgs portal models are the most minimal way to explain the relic abundance of the Universe. They add just a singlet that only couples to the Higgs through a single parameter that controls both the dark matter relic abundance and the direct detection cross-section. Unfortunately this scenario, either with scalar or fermionic dark matter, is almost ruled out by the latter. In this paper we analyze the Higgs-portal idea with fermionic dark matter in the context of a 2HDM. By disentangling the couplings responsible for the correct relic density from those that control the direct detection cross section we are able to open the parameter space and find wide regions consistent with both the observed relic density and all the current bounds.
A model of interacting dark matter and dark radiation for H0 and σ8 tensions
Authors: Choi Gong jun , Yanagida Tsutomu T. , Yokozaki Norimi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We present a model describing the dark sector (DS) featured by two interactions remaining efficient until late times in the matter-dominated era after recombination: the interaction among dark radiations (DR), and the interaction between a small fraction of dark matter and dark radiation. The dark sector consists of (1) a dominant component cold collisionless DM (DM1), (2) a sub-dominant cold DM (DM2) and (3) a self-interacting DR. When a sufficient amount of DR is ensured and a few percent of the total DM density is contributed by DM2 interacting with DR, this set-up is known to be able to resolve both the Hubble and σ8 tension. In light of this, we propose a scenario which is logically natural and has an intriguing theoretical structure with a hidden unbroken gauge group SU(5)X ⊗ U(1)X. Our model of the dark sector does not introduce any new scalar field, but contains only massless chiral fermions and gauge fields in the ultraviolet (UV) regime. As such, it introduces a new scale (DM2 mass, mDM2) based on the confinement resulting from the strong dynamics of SU(5)X. Both DM2-DR and DR-DR interactions are attributed to an identical long range interaction of U(1)X. We show that our model can address the cosmological tensions when it is characterized by gX = $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(10−3)–$$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(10−2), mDM2 = $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(1)–$$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(100) GeV and TDS/TSM ≃ 0.3–0.4 where gX is the gauge coupling of U(1)X and TDS(TSM) is a temperature of the DS (Standard Model sector). Our model explains candidates of DM2 and DR, and DM1 can be any kind of CDM.
The light-ray OPE and conformal colliders
Authors: Koloğlu Murat , Kravchuk Petr , Simmons-Duffin David , Zhiboedov Alexander 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We derive a nonperturbative, convergent operator product expansion (OPE) for null-integrated operators on the same null plane in a CFT. The objects appearing in the expansion are light-ray operators, whose matrix elements can be computed by the generalized Lorentzian inversion formula. For example, a product of average null energy (ANEC) operators has an expansion in the light-ray operators that appear in the stress-tensor OPE. An important application is to collider event shapes. The light-ray OPE gives a nonperturbative expansion for event shapes in special functions that we call celestial blocks. As an example, we apply the celestial block expansion to energy-energy correlators in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 Super Yang-Mills theory. Using known OPE data, we find perfect agreement with previous results both at weak and strong coupling, and make new predictions at weak coupling through 4 loops (NNNLO).
AdS3 from M-branes at conical singularities
Authors: Dibitetto Giuseppe , Petri Nicolò 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
M-theory is known to possess supersymmetric solutions where the geometry is AdS3 × S3 × S3 warped over a Riemann surface Σ2. The simplest examples in this class can be engineered by placing M2 and M5 branes as defects inside of a stack of background M5 branes. In this paper we show that a generalization of this construction yields more general solutions in the aforementioned class. The background branes are now M5’s carrying M2 brane charge, while the defect branes are now placed at the origin of a flat hyperplane with a conical defect. The equations of motion imply a relation between the deficit angle produced by the conical defect and the M2 charge carried by the background branes.
Scale-fixed predictions for γ + ηc production in electron-positron collisions at NNLO in perturbative QCD
Authors: Yu Huai-Min , Sang Wen-Long , Huang Xu-Dong , Zeng Jun , Wu Xing-Gang , Brodsky Stanley J. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In the paper, we present QCD predictions for γ + ηc production at an electron-positron collider up to next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) accuracy without renormalization scale ambiguities. The NNLO total cross-section for e+ + e− → γ + ηc using the conventional scale-setting approach has large renormalization scale ambiguities, usually estimated by choosing the renormalization scale to be the e+e− center-of-mass collision energy $$ \sqrt{s} $$

s

. The Principle of Maximum Conformality (PMC) provides a systematic way to eliminate such renormalization scale ambiguities by summing the nonconformal β contributions into the QCD coupling αs(Q2). The renormalization group equation then sets the value of αs for the process. The PMC renormalization scale reflects the virtuality of the underlying process, and the resulting predictions satisfy all of the requirements of renormalization group invariance, including renormalization scheme invariance. After applying the PMC, we obtain a renormalization scale-and-scheme independent prediction, σ|NNLO,PMC ≃ 41.18 fb for $$ \sqrt{s} $$

s

=10.6 GeV. The resulting pQCD series matches the series for conformal theory and thus has no divergent renormalon contributions. The large K factor which contributes to this process reinforces the importance of uncalculated NNNLO and higher-order terms. Using the PMC scale-and-scheme independent conformal series and the Padé approximation approach, we predict σ|NNNLO,PMC+Pade ≃ 18.99 fb, which is consistent with the recent BELLE measurement $$ {\sigma}^{\mathrm{obs}}={16.58}_{-9.93}^{+10.51} $$

σ
obs

=

16.58

−
9.93

+
10.51

fb at $$ \sqrt{s} $$

s

≃ 10.6 GeV. This procedure also provides a first estimate of the NNNLO contribution.
Acute Endovascular Stroke Treatment in Germany in 2019
Authors:   German Society of interventional Radiology and minimal invasive Therapy, Rohde S. ,   German Society of Interventional Radiology and Minimal Invasive Therapy (DeGIR) and the German Society of Neuroradiology (DGNR), Weber W. , Berlis A. , Urbach H. , Reimer P. , Schramm P. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Since the incidental discovery and systematic introduction of mechanical endovascular stroke treatment in 2015 there are few reports about the real-life situation in daily clinical practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanical thrombectomy data documented in the quality assurance database of the German Society for Interventional Radiology and Minimally Invasive Therapy (DeGIR) and the German Society of Neuroradiology (DGNR) in 2019.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and procedural data of all mechanical thrombectomies that were entered into the voluntary nationwide database in 2019. The information of each procedure was provided on a standardized web-based data sheet. Data were exported and analyzed by a group of experts on behalf of the DGNR.

Results
A total of 13,840 data sets from 158 participating centers could be analyzed. Mean age of the patients was 74 ± 13 years; 53.9% were female. Vessel occlusion was located in the anterior circulation in 87.4%, in the posterior circulation in 10.7%. On hospital admission, the median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was 14 (lower/upper quartile 10/19); at hospital discharge, median NIHSS had dropped to 9 (lower/upper quartile 2/12; p < 0.001).
Recanalization of the occluded vessel segment was successful (TICI 2b + 3) in 88.4%. The reported complication rate was 7.3%, with subarachnoid hemorrhage as the most frequent complication (3.4%), followed by parenchymal hemorrhage (1.7%) and embolization in new territories (1.2%).
Overall, the median time interval from symptom onset to hospital admission was 94 min (quartiles 59/180 min), the median time from hospital admission to groin puncture was 74 min (lower/upper quartile 47/103 min), and the median duration of the procedure 43 min (lower/upper quartile 25.2/73.2 min). A comparison between primary and secondary referral revealed a significant faster symptom-to-intervention time for primary referrals, whereas in-house workflows showed no significant difference.

Conclusion
The analysis represents the largest documented cohort of acute stroke patients treated by thrombectomy. The documentation allows for a detailed evaluation of procedural, clinical, logistic and radiation exposure data and might be used for monitoring the quality of the treatment on a nationwide scale.
Vascular pathologies in chronic kidney disease: pathophysiological mechanisms and novel therapeutic approaches
Authors: Düsing Philip , Zietzer Andreas , Goody Philip Roger , Hosen Mohammed Rabiul , Kurts Christian , Nickenig Georg , Jansen Felix 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Both conditions are rising in incidence as well as prevalence, creating poor outcomes for patients and high healthcare costs. Recent data suggests CKD to be an independent risk factor for CVD. Accumulation of uremic toxins, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress have been identified to act as CKD-specific alterations that increase cardiovascular risk. The association between CKD and cardiovascular mortality is markedly influenced through vascular alterations, in particular atherosclerosis and vascular calcification (VC). While numerous risk factors promote atherosclerosis by inducing endothelial dysfunction and its progress to vascular structural damage, CKD affects the medial layer of blood vessels primarily through VC. Ongoing research has identified VC to be a multifactorial, cell-mediated process in which numerous abnormalities like mineral dysregulation and especially hyperphosphatemia induce a phenotype switch of vascular smooth muscle cells to osteoblast-like cells. A combination of pro-calcifying stimuli and an impairment of inhibiting mechanisms like fetuin A and vitamin K-dependent proteins like matrix Gla protein and Gla-rich protein leads to mineralization of the extracellular matrix. In view of recent studies, intercellular communication pathways via extracellular vesicles and microRNAs represent key mechanisms in VC and thereby a promising field to a deeper understanding of the involved pathomechanisms. In this review, we provide an overview about pathophysiological mechanisms connecting CKD and CVD. Special emphasis is laid on vascular alterations and more recently discovered molecular pathways which present possible new therapeutic targets.
Relationships between types of UK national newspapers, illness classification, and stigmatising coverage of mental disorders
Authors: Li Yan , Hildersley Rosanna , Ho Grace W. K. , Potts Laura , Henderson Claire 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Media coverage on mental health problems has been found to vary by newspaper type, and stigma disproportionately affects people with mental illness by diagnosis.

Objective
This study investigated the relationships between types of UK national newspaper (tabloid vs. broadsheet), illness classification (SMI–severe mental illnesses vs. CMD–common mental disorders), and stigmatising coverage of mental disorders, and whether these relationships changed over the course of the Time to Change anti-stigma programmes in England and Wales.

Methods
Secondary analysis of data from a study of UK newspaper coverage of mental illness was performed. Relevant articles from nine UK national newspapers in 2008–11, 2013, 2016 and 2019 were retrieved. A structured coding framework was used for content analysis. The odds an article was stigmatising in a tabloid compared to a broadsheet, and about SMI compared to CMD, were calculated. Coverage of CMD and SMI by newspaper type
was compared using the content elements categorised as stigmatising or anti-stigmatising.

Results
2719 articles were included for analysis. Articles in tabloids had 1.32 times higher odds of being stigmatising than articles in broadsheet newspapers (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.12–1.55). Odds of stigmatising coverage was 1.72 times higher for articles on SMI than CMD (OR  1.72, 95% CI 1.39–2.13). Different patterns in reporting were observed when results were stratified by years for all analyses. A few significant associations were observed for the portrays of stigmatising elements between tabloid and broadsheet newspapers regarding SMI or CMD.

Conclusions
Tailored interventions are needed for editors and journalists of different newspaper types, to include specific strategies for different diagnoses.
Combustion-derived particles from biomass sources differently promote epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition on A549 cells
Authors: Marchetti Sara , Bengalli Rossella , Floris Pamela , Colombo Anita , Mantecca Paride 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCombustion-derived particles (CDPs), due to the presence in their composition of several toxic and carcinogenic chemical compounds, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metals, are linked to several respiratory diseases, including lung cancer. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial step in lung cancer progression, involving several morphological and phenotypical changes. The study aims to investigate how exposure to CDPs from different biomass sources might be involved in cancer development, focusing mainly on the effects linked to EMT and invasion on human A549 lung cells. Biomass combustion-derived particles (BCDPs) were collected from a stove fuelled with pellet, charcoal or wood, respectively. A time course and dose response evaluation on cell viability and pro-inflammatory response was performed to select the optimal conditions for EMT-related studies. A significant release of IL-8 was found after 72 h of exposure to 2.5 μg/cm2 BCDPs. The EMT activation was then examined by evaluating the expression of some typical markers, such as E-cadherin and N-cadherin, and the possible enhanced migration and invasiveness. Sub-acute exposure revealed that BCDPs differentially modulated cell viability, migration and invasion, as well as the expression of proteins linked to EMT. Results showed a reduction in the epithelial marker E-cadherin and a parallel increase in the mesenchymal markers N-cadherin, mainly after exposure to charcoal and wood. Migration and invasion were also increased. In conclusion, our results suggest that BCDPs with a higher content of organic compounds (e.g. PAHs) in their chemical composition might play a crucial role in inducing pro-carcinogenic effects on epithelial cells.
Prolonged ketamine infusion modulates limbic connectivity and induces sustained remission of treatment-resistant depression
Authors: Siegel Joshua S. , Palanca Ben J. A. , Ances Beau M. , Kharasch Evan D. , Schweiger Julie A. , Yingling Michael D. , Snyder Abraham Z. , Nicol Ginger E. , Lenze Eric J. , Farber Nuri B. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractKetamine produces a rapid antidepressant response in over 50% of adults with treatment-resistant depression. A long infusion of ketamine may provide durable remission of depressive symptoms, but the safety, efficacy, and neurobiological correlates are unknown. In this open-label, proof-of-principle study, adults with treatment-resistant depression (N = 23) underwent a 96-h infusion of intravenous ketamine (0.15 mg/kg/h titrated toward 0.6 mg/kg/h). Clonidine was co-administered to reduce psychotomimetic effects. We measured clinical response for 8 weeks post-infusion. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess functional connectivity in patients pre- and 2 weeks post-infusion and in matched non-depressed controls (N = 27). We hypothesized that responders to therapy would demonstrate response-dependent connectivity changes while all subjects would show treatment-dependent connectivity changes. Most participants completed infusion (21/23; mean final dose 0.54 mg/kg/h, SD 0.13). The infusion was well tolerated with minimal cognitive and psychotomimetic side effects. Depressive symptoms were markedly reduced (MADRS 29 ± 4 at baseline to 9 ± 8 one day post-infusion), which was sustained at 2 weeks (13 ± 8) and 8 weeks (15 ± 8). Imaging demonstrated a response-dependent decrease in hyperconnectivity of the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex to the default mode network, and a treatment-dependent decrease in hyperconnectivity within the limbic system (hippocampus, amygdala, medial thalamus, nucleus accumbens). In exploratory analyses, connectivity was increased between the limbic system and frontal areas, and smaller right hippocampus volume at baseline predicted larger MADRS change. A single prolonged infusion of ketamine provides a tolerated, rapid, and sustained response in treatment-resistant depression and normalizes depression-related hyperconnectivity in the limbic system and frontal lobe.ClinicalTrials.gov: Treatment Resistant Depression (Pilot), NCT01179009.
Parkinson’s disease: deep learning with a parameter-weighted structural connectome matrix for diagnosis and neural circuit disorder investigation
Authors: Yasaka Koichiro , Kamagata Koji , Ogawa Takashi , Hatano Taku , Takeshige-Amano Haruka , Ogaki Kotaro , Andica Christina , Akai Hiroyuki , Kunimatsu Akira , Uchida Wataru , Hattori Nobutaka , Aoki Shigeki , Abe Osamu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurposeTo investigate whether Parkinson’s disease (PD) can be differentiated from healthy controls and to identify neural circuit disorders in PD by applying a deep learning technique to parameter-weighted and number of streamlines (NOS)–based structural connectome matrices calculated from diffusion-weighted MRI.MethodsIn this prospective study, 115 PD patients and 115 healthy controls were enrolled. NOS-based and parameter-weighted connectome matrices were calculated from MRI images obtained with a 3-T MRI unit. With 5-fold cross-validation, diagnostic performance of convolutional neural network (CNN) models using those connectome matrices in differentiating patients with PD from healthy controls was evaluated. To identify the important brain connections for diagnosing PD, gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) was applied to the trained CNN models.ResultsCNN models based on some parameter-weighted structural matrices (diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI)–weighted, neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI)–weighted, andg-ratio-weighted connectome matrices) showed moderate performance (areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) = 0.895, 0.801, and 0.836, respectively) in discriminating PD patients from healthy controls. The DKI-weighted connectome matrix performed significantly better than the conventional NOS-based matrix (AUC = 0.761) (DeLong’s test,p < 0.0001). Alterations of neural connections between the basal ganglia and cerebellum were indicated by applying Grad-CAM to the NODDI- andg-ratio-weighted matrices.ConclusionPatients with PD can be differentiated from healthy controls by applying the deep learning technique to the parameter-weighted connectome matrices, and neural circuit disorders including those between the basal ganglia on one side and the cerebellum on the contralateral side were visualized.
Firearm Deaths are Increasing and Endemic in the USA: It is a Problem of Suicides and Not Homicides
Authors: Rhee Peter , Prabhakaran Kartik , Joseph Bellal , Smiley Abbas , Okumura Kenji , Klein Joshua , Policastro Anthony , Lombardo Gary , Latifi Rifat 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo analyze and report on the changes in epidemiology traumatic causes of death in the USA.MethodsData were extracted from the annual National Vital Statistics Reports (2008–2017) from Center for Disease Control and analyzed for trends during the time period given. Generalized additive model was applied to evaluate the significance of trend using R software.ResultsFirearm deaths (39,790) and firearm death rate (12.2/100,000) in 2017 were the highest reported, and this increasing trend was significant (p < 0.001) the last ten years. Deaths from motor vehicle crash (MVC) and firearm homicides did not change significantly during the same time period. Firearm deaths were lower than MVC deaths by 21% (8,197/39,790) in 2008, but after 10 years, the difference was only 1% (458/40,231). Years of life lost from firearms is now higher than MVC. Suicides by firearm in 2017 were the highest reported at 23,854/39,773 (60%). In 2017, suicides by firearm victims were predominantly white 20,328/23,562 (85%), men 20,362/23,562 (86%), and the largest group was between the ages of 55–64.
ConclusionsDeath from firearms in the USA is increasing and endemic. They were the highest ever reported in 2017 by the CDC. While deaths from MVC used to be the main cause of traumatic death in the USA, deaths from firearms now almost equal it. Calculated years of life lost from firearms is now more than from MVC. Most firearm deaths are not from homicides but are from suicides, and they are predominantly in white older males of the baby boomer generation (born 1946–1964).
A dual process for the coupled Wright–Fisher diffusion
Authors: Favero Martina , Hult Henrik , Koski Timo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe coupled Wright–Fisher diffusion is a multi-dimensional Wright–Fisher diffusion for multi-locus and multi-allelic genetic frequencies, expressed as the strong solution to a system of stochastic differential equations that are coupled in the drift, where the pairwise interaction among loci is modelled by an inter-locus selection. In this paper, an ancestral process, which is dual to the coupled Wright–Fisher diffusion, is derived. The dual process corresponds to the block counting process of coupled ancestral selection graphs, one for each locus. Jumps of the dual process arise from coalescence, mutation, single-branching, which occur at one locus at the time, and double-branching, which occur simultaneously at two loci. The coalescence and mutation rates have the typical structure of the transition rates of the Kingman coalescent process. The single-branching rate not only contains the one-locus selection parameters in a form that generalises the rates of an ancestral selection graph, but it also contains the two-locus selection parameters to include the effect of the pairwise interaction on the single loci. The double-branching rate reflects the particular structure of pairwise selection interactions of the coupled Wright–Fisher diffusion. Moreover, in the special case of two loci, two alleles, with selection and parent independent mutation, the stationary density for the coupled Wright–Fisher diffusion and the transition rates of the dual process are obtained in an explicit form.