bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of photogrammetric methods in architecture, construction and land management
Authors: Tsoraeva E N , Gadzhiev R K , Kuchiev S E , Pekh A A , Mezhyan S A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
One of the important tasks is the photogrammetry application study in construction with the aim, namely, to determine the engineering structures‘ deformations, to study the engineering structures‘ models and to solve other problems. With the use of modern technologies, it is possible to make photogrammetric surveys of buildings and structures using certain methods of performing these works. Photogrammetry plays a significant role not only in architecture, construction and land management. Photogrammetric methods make it possible to solve some applied problems directly from the images economically and fairly accurately, for example, to measure the terrain areas, determine their slopes, obtain quantitative characteristics of erosion processes, and perform vertical planning with the determination of the earthwork amount. In the article, the main goal is to consider the implementation of architectural and construction measurements for the purpose of reconstruction and restoration of buildings, as well to complete visualization of the area of interest, performed using photogrammetric methods on the basis of aerial photographs. The analysis made allows us to conclude that both classical and modern digital photogrammetry can be used in architecture, construction and land management.
Investigation of the process organization of identifying an invalid test during construction expertise
Authors: Mischenko V , Sergeev Yu , Sergeeva A , Myasischev Yu , Myasischev R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article discusses the mechanism for studying the functional position of building structural units of a structure and identifying symptoms if there is a suspicion that the identifier influencing the building structure destruction was determined incorrectly. Approaches to determining the degree of damage to a building structure can use the methods based on mathematics and statistics. Calculated determination of a building structure failure degree cannot replace an expert-civil engineer, but provides significant assistance to him. The paper discusses the mathematical methods for determining the building structures‘ failure degree from both mathematical and technical points of view. Defect dynamics trend in a building structure in time is taken into account - a cardinal indicator when establishing the problem of finding the amount of working capacity loss. The stochastic methods of probability theory used with the fund recuperation of information about the work carried out to restore the building structures and their return to a working state provide a high level of determining defects in building structures. It has been proved that the policy of choosing a further examination reduces the total number of the studies performed, as well as reduces the examination duration, the moment of establishing the destruction degree determination of the building structure, which is important in some cases. The developed algorithm reduces the subjective moment both when establishing further examination and when determining the destruction degree of a building structure.
Engineering in modern construction
Authors: Romanenko E Yu , Vodolazskaya N V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The article highlights the issues related to the quality assurance of products and structures manufactured by the building complex subdivisions. The problems of this type complex objects‘ engineering are revealed, and an assessment of the technological production features as a sequential, interdependent process is given. The article considers the introduction effectiveness of the innovative technologies with digitalization elements in the process of manufacturing the reinforced concrete products and structural elements and the construction of buildings and structures on their basis, as well as the importance of engineering in modern construction in general. Based on the theoretical analysis, the recommendations for the use of engineering methods for reorganizing a business process with the controlled parameters technological operations and with the established quality indicators for the finished products are proposed.
Improving the reliability of the truck frame, taking into account maintenance frequency
Authors: Deryushev V V , Zaitseva M M , Kundryutskov D N , Ovchinnikov O S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this work, the reliability of the KamAZ-4308 truck frame is increased, taking into account its maintenance frequency. This brand was chosen due to the fact that it is one of the best-selling cars in Russia among the cars with a gross weight of 14 to 40 tons in 2019. A method for optimizing the value of the intervals between the planned car maintenance (MAINT) is proposed. When calculating the reliability, the problem of minimizing the amount of initial data was solved in order to reduce the experiment time, its labor intensity and the financial testing costs. As one of the options for reducing unit costs, a change in the material for manufacturing a truck frame is considered. The empirical and approximating functions of the general totality of the finite volume (GTFV) of the Tp frame of the KamAZ-4308 car service life are obtained. At a given failure rate λ = 10-7 h-1, period values τ = 10 h and cost U/C = 100 the optimal frequency of maintenance is Topt = 993 h ≈ 1,4 month taking into account the minimum technogenic risk Smin = 0,0513.
Theoretical substantiation of ensuring the machine parts’ reliability for the assigned target life
Authors: Teplyakova S V , Kotesova A A , Kotesov A A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Increasing the machines‘ reliability remains an urgent task of the world mechanical engineering, the solution of which is aimed at significantly reducing the number of the machines‘ critical, basic and other elements (parts) failures. To solve this problem, a need to move from the sample data to a general sub-total of a finite volume is indicated, the theoretical foundations for ensuring the machine parts‘ reliability for the assigned target life are formulated and the economic feasibility of increasing the machine parts‘ reliability is analyzed.
Interregional water transport cluster as a tool for economic convergence and integration
Authors: Rudskaya E N , Eremenko I A , Popova I V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The aim of the study is to develop a conceptual project for creating an interregional water transport cluster along the Don River. The presented theoretical studies have been carried out using the methods of analysis and synthesis of the existing scientific developments in the field of territorial and inter-territorial transport infrastructure organization. Observation and static analysis methods were used in practice to determine the economic connectivity level of the regions along the North-South axis of the European part of Russia. According to the study results, the following results have been obtained:
- the role of inland waterway transport as a factor of convergence and integration of regional economies, territorial consolidation on the systemic cluster approach basis to the spatial organization of the economy has been proved;
- the effectiveness of the network-centric interregional cluster formation on the cooperation principles for the passenger and cargo shipping revival along the small rivers-confluents of the Don river in order to ensure maximum transport accessibility of remote areas and the corresponding multiplier effect for the development of all sectors of the economy has been substantiated;
- the idea of forming and maintaining a mega-regional ecosystem along the North-South axis along the Don River on the basis of dredging consequences’ interregional monitoring, as well as the formation of water tourism embedded cluster along the rivers of the Don basin has been proposed.
Geological information database integration into a geographic information modeling system
Authors: Kanukov A S , Ivanov P G 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The article is devoted to the geological information database integration in the Vladikavkaz city into a specially developed system of geoinformation modeling. With the high technologies’ development, various geographic information systems designed for collecting, storing, analyzing, and graphically visualizing spatial data and the related information about the objects represented in GIS have become widespread. A map of the engineering-geological zoning of the Vladikavkaz city territory has been created at the Geophysical Institute, covering the issues of the geological structure, hydrogeological conditions, lithology, morphology, tectonics and the distribution of various types of soils in the territory under consideration. There are areas on the territory characterized by different depths of pebbles or thicknesses of clay and loam on pebbles, which is the main parameter that determines the seismicity category according to Building Codes and Regulations-II-7-81*. Based on the physical and mechanical properties‘ analysis, the reliable differentiation of soil groups with various determining indicators characterizing the soils‘ category by their seismic properties has been carried out. This information is collected in a database of geological information generated in the form of a shape file with spatial reference of each well. The developed database is used as a basis in the geographic information modeling task. Based on epyopen source software, the integration of the geological information database in the Vladikavkaz city into the geographic information modeling system has been performed.
Improvement of environmental and economic indicators of the electrolytic chromium plating process
Authors: Moskvicheva E V , Timofeev A G , Sidyakin P A , Chernoshchekov L N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In most cases, the improvement of technological processes is a beneficial measure to reduce anthropogenic impact of production on the environment. However, it is impossible to solve the problem of elimination of production emissions and wastes only by improving the technological process. That is why more and more integrated and complex measures are required to solve the problem, which include both improvement of technological processes and improvement of emissions purification schemes, waste utilization and recycling. At the same time, the measures should be both technically effective and economically feasible. The obtained results allowed to draw a conclusion about the increase of ecological and economic indicators: decrease of toxic chromium anhydride wear and tear by 2-2,7 times; decrease of water volume polluted in the process of technological cycle; decrease of expenses for lead anodes manufacturing and human resources; increase of operational characteristics of manufactured parts - wear resistance, microhardness.
Study of the dispersed composition of dust particles on the leaves of apricot trees (Prúnus armeníaca) in the residential area
Authors: Glinyanova I , Azarov V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The authors investigate and analyze the dispersion composition of dust particles on the leaves of apricot trees (Prúnus armeníaca) in the residential area of the Sredneakhtubinsky district of the Volgograd region near industrial enterprises in comparison with the dispersed composition of dust on the leaves of apricot trees (Prúnus armeníaca) growing on the territory in a conditionally clean zone (control) in the absence of anthropogenic pressure from industrial complexes in the SNT “Oroshenets” (Volgograd, Sovetsky district). The research points in the residential area were taken on the territory of social facilities (boarding school, hospital, kindergarten) and low-rise residential areas. The research material is the leaves of apricot trees (Prúnus armeníaca) in the residential area of the Sredneakhtubinsky district of the Volgograd region and in the SNT Oroshenets, Volgograd, Sovetsky district (conditionally clean zone, (control). Research methods: washing off dust from leaf blades into a glass with distilled water, filtering the suspension through an AFA-VP filter, obtaining a filtrate, natural drying of the filtrate at a temperature not higher than 30-40 ° C, placing the dried filtrate on a glass slide of an optical microscope, making measurements of dust particles, dust processing, study of the dispersed composition of dust (according to GOST R 56929-2016). Areas of environmental risk have been identified, these are the territories of a kindergarten, a hospital and other low-rise residential buildings, as well as places that are safe for the population (boarding school, etc.). These studies indicate environmental pollution, in the future, it is required to determine the chemical composition of dust particles and identify sources of pollution and take environmental measures.
Clustering and its key features’ formation in construction
Authors: Ischenko A V , Shishkunova D V , Guryanov N P 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to substantiate the terminology “Clustering in construction” used in the regulation of construction organizations in a single system of interaction, taking into account the organizational and technological model of the new and existing buildings’ formation reliability. When implementing such projects, a set of joint tasks of the organizational and technological configuration is outlined and a number of indicators (comfortable housing with deliberately used free space; a combination of residential development with other objects of social, educational and entertainment infrastructure) are taken for consideration, as well as the basic principles of organizational and technological clustering criteria in construction. The most important scientific theory is that with the use of cluster modeling methods, competitiveness indicators can be increased, the range of material and technical base of construction production can be increased, and the investment durability of the construction organization can be formed. As a result of the study, the characteristic properties of the construction cluster were established for use in an integrated model.
Numerical and analytical calculation of longitudinal bending of prismatic elastic rods under the action of axial compressive load taking into account the authorized weight
Authors: Oglu Azimli Aziz Shakhin , Yu Nesterov A , Yazyev S B , Chepurnenko A S , Babahova L G 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The article is devoted to the problem of calculating the stability of compressed rods taking into account their own weight. A resolving differential equation of the second and fourth order with respect to the dimensionless deflection is obtained. A technique for numerically analytical and numerical solution of the obtained equation using the finite difference method is proposed. As a result, the problem was reduced to a generalized eigenvalue problem. Comparison with the solution of other authors is given.
The problem of determining the critical values for the rods is posed as the problem of finding the domain of these values depending on the boundary conditions and the coefficients α and .. The objective function is a converging power series with unknown coefficients. The solution of the prismatic rod stability problem is carried out in the MatLab environment. The values of α and ., for which the critical load takes a minimum value, are found.
To test the methodology, a number of problems were solved and compared with known solutions.
The proposed technique, in contrast to analytical solutions, allows solving the problem with arbitrary fixation of the ends of the rod. It is also suggested to take into account the length-varying stiffness and heterogeneity of the rod. Test problems showed good agreement with literature data. In the future, it is planned to develop a calculation method taking creep into account.
The higher quality of the analytical solution is shown in comparison with the existing methods.
Insights into the corrosion mechanism and electrochemical properties of the rust layer evolution for weathering steel with various Cl− deposition in the simulated atmosphere
Authors: Yu Qiang , Dong Wangyue , Yang Xiaoyu , Wang Qingfeng , Zhang Fucheng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study aims to make clear the effect of various Cl− deposition conditions on the changes of corrosion mechanism and electrochemical properties of the rust layer for weathering steel. The results indicate that the corrosion rate in presence of low Cl− deposition is divided into three stages: sharp increase stage, rapid decrease stage and tending to be stable stage. While, the high Cl− deposition process is divided into two stages: sharp increase stage and decrease stage. The increased of Cl− deposition increase the contents of the γ-FeOOH and β-FeOOH and decrease the contents of the α-FeOOH, and then to reduce the corrosion resistance. For the initial corrosion cycles, the increased of Cl− deposition influence the oxygen supply, resulting in spatial heterogeneity of the potential distribution to promote the corrosion reaction. As the prolonged corrosion cycles, the weathering steel of low Cl− deposition forms a protective rust layer to make the potential distribution become relatively uniform to reduce the corrosion rate, while the weathering steel of high Cl− deposition of the potential distribution is more unevenly distributed with distinct low and high potential zones to promote corrosion reaction.
ZnO/graphene ambipolar transistor with low sub-threshold swing
Authors: Kim Byeong-Hyeok , Hong Sang-Hyun , Kang Jang-Won 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We reported on enhanced device performance of ambipolar thin-film transistors (TFTs) with hybrid channel of Zinc oxide (ZnO) and multi-layer graphene (MLG), especially in reduced sub-threshold swing characteristics and increased carrier mobilities for the ambipolar conduction. The Raman spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that the single-layer graphene could be damaged by oxidation during the ZnO growth process. In MLG, we observed that the graphene layers distant from the interface of ZnO/graphene could be protected, leading to enhanced electrical properties in ZnO/graphene hybrid TFTs. These results showed that the ZnO/MLG hybrid structure is a suitable building block to realize advanced TFTs with low power consumption and high switching speed.
Basic surface electrocardiogram interpretation for the pharmacist
Authors: Mar Philip L , Van Tuyl Joseph S , Lim Michael J 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Purpose
The electrocardiogram (ECG) is an invaluable tool for clinicians that provides important information about a patient’s heart. As clinical pharmacists play an ever-increasing role in cardiovascular care, ECG interpretation is an important skill with which to become familiar.

Summary
The ECG provides information on both electrical and biomechanical aspects of the heart. Electrical information such as the rhythm, rate, and axis of the electrical activity can all be provided by the ECG. Biomechanical information about the heart, such as the presence of ventricular hypertrophy and repolarization changes that may be associated with ischemia or myocardial injury, can also easily be gleaned from the ECG. Furthermore, the ECG plays a central role in both the diagnosis and treatment of common clinical conditions such as atrial fibrillation, ischemic heart disease, and QT interval prolongation

Conclusion
The ECG is one of the most commonly performed diagnostic tests, and clinicians should become familiar with its basic interpretation.
The Effect of Previous Irradiation for Patients With Prosthetic Breast Reconstruction: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hong Wei-Jin , Zhang Guo-Yi , Chen Chun-Lin , Li Fang-Wei , Wang Hai-Bin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Results regarding immediate prosthetic breast reconstruction after postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) have been inconsistent.

Objectives
The authors aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of PMRT before immediate prosthetic breast reconstruction for patients with breast cancer.

Methods
Electronic databases (PubMed, EmBase, and the Cochrane Library) were systematically searched to identify eligible studies from their inception until March 2020. The pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was applied as an effect estimate and calculated using the random-effects model.

Results
Nineteen studies including a total of 6757 patients were selected for final meta-analysis. The pooled OR showed that PMRT was associated with a higher incidence of reconstruction failure (OR = 2.57; 95% CI =1.55–4.26; P &lt; 0.001), capsular contracture (OR = 5.99; 95% CI = 3.12–11.47; P &lt; 0.001), and overall complications (OR = 2.52; 95% CI = 1.68–3.79; P &lt; 0.001). It was also associated with a lower incidence of patient satisfaction (OR = 0.29; 95% CI = 0.16–0.52; P &lt; 0.001) and good aesthetic results (OR = 0.25; 95% CI = 0.12–0.52; P &lt; 0.001) compared with those who did not undergo PMRT. These significant associations could be affected by study design, mean age, stage of immediate breast reconstruction, follow-up, and study quality.

Conclusions
Although PMRT is the standard adjuvant therapy for mastectomy patients treated with immediate implant-based breast reconstruction, PMRT for patients undergoing immediate implant-based breast reconstruction has been associated with high risks of reconstruction failure, capsular contracture, and overall complications as well as low incidences of patient satisfaction and good aesthetic results.

Level of Evidence: 4
Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Improve the Aging Skin of Nude Mice by Promoting Angiogenesis and Reducing Local Tissue Water
Authors: Qin Feng , Zhang Wenchao , Zhang Mingzi , Long Xiao , Si Loubin , Li Zhenjiang , Huang Jiuzuo , Wang Xiaojun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are considered promising cells for skin rejuvenation. However, whether the angiogenetic effect of ASCs plays an important role in the treatment of aging skin and its influence on skin tissue remain elusive.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ASCs on angiogenesis and local tissue water (LTW) in the aging skin of nude mice.

Methods
Twelve nude mice were randomly divided into a UVB-induced photoaging group and a natural aging group. After the mouse model had been established, ASCs and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were then each injected into different sides of the dorsal skin of the mice. Blood perfusion and LTW content were measured. After 7 weeks, mice were killed, and skin samples were collected to measure the thickness of the dermis, the density of the capillaries, and the expression of angiogenic growth factors.

Results
ASC therapy significantly increased the thickness of the dermis, the number of capillaries, and the expression of some angiogenic growth factors (vascular endothelial growth factor, insulin-like growth factor 1, and epidermal growth factor). At 7 weeks after injection, blood perfusion was significantly higher on the side injected with ASCs than on the side injected with PBS. LTW content was increased in the PBS-injected side, but the ASC-injected side showed no significant changes over time.

Conclusions
ASCs increased dermal thickness, promoted angiogenesis, and reduced LTW content in the skin of photoaging mice, providing a potential clinical therapy for skin rejuvenation.