bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of aortic valvular complex calcification burden with procedural and long-term clinical outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Ko Euihong , Kang Do-Yoon , Ahn Jung-Min , Kim Tae Oh , Kim Ju Hyeon , Lee Junghoon , Lee Seung-Ah , Kim Dae-Hee , Kim Ho Jin , Kim Joon Bum , Choo Suk Jung , Park Seung-Jung , Park Duk-Woo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Aims
This study aimed to assess the impact of valvular/subvalvular calcium burden on procedural and long-term outcomes in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) for severe aortic stenosis (AS).

Methods and results
In this prospective observational cohort study, we included patients with AS undergoing TAVR between March 2010 and December 2019. Calcium burden at baseline was quantified using multidetector computed tomography and the patients were classified into tertile groups according to the amount of calcium. Procedural outcomes [paravalvular leakage (PVL) or permanent pacemaker insertion (PPI)] and 12-month clinical outcomes (composite of death, stroke, or rehospitalization, and all-cause mortality) were assessed. A total of 676 patients (age, 79.8 ± 5.4 years) were analysed. The 30-day rates of moderate or severe PVL (P-for-trend = 0.03) and PPI (P-for-trend = 0.002) proportionally increased with the tertile levels of calcium volume. The 12-month rate of primary composite outcomes was 34.2% in low-tertile, 23.9% in middle-tertile, and 25.8% in high-tertile groups (log-rank P = 0.02). After multivariable adjustment, the risk for primary composite outcomes at 12 months was not significantly different between the tertile groups of calcium volume [reference = low-tertile; middle-tertile, hazard ratio (HR) 0.81; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.54–1.22; P = 0.31; high-tertile, HR 0.93; 95% CI 0.56–1.57; P = 0.80]. A similar pattern was observed for all-cause mortality.

Conclusion
The rates of PVL and PPI proportionally increased according to the levels of valvular/subvalvular calcium volume, while the adjusted risks for composite outcomes and mortality at 12 months were not significantly different.
Economic growth on the periphery: estimates of GDPper capitaof the Congress Kingdom of Poland (for years 1870–1912)
Authors: Koryś Piotr , Tymiński Maciej 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper presents the estimates of the gross domestic product (GDP) of the Congress Kingdom of Poland for the period 1870–1912. The authors used bottom-up methodology and calculated sectoral added values using historical economic, social, and demographic data. The presented results offer first ever insight into the structure of sectoral added values in the Congress Kingdom of Poland during the period of first globalization and first reliable estimates of GDP of the Congress Kingdom of Poland. All results are presented in Geary–Khamis dollars PPP1990 and are compatible with Maddison dataset.
Analysis of the accuracy and completeness of cardiovascular health information on alcohol industry-funded websites
Authors: Peake Lewis , van Schalkwyk May C I , Maani Nason , Petticrew Mark 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
The Alcohol Industry (AI), and the Social Aspects/Public Relations Organisations (SAPRO) it funds, has been shown to mis-represent the risk of alcohol with respect to cancer and pregnancy. It is theorized that the AI would position alcohol as ‘heart healthy’ to further undermine public perceptions of risks from drinking.

Methods
A comparative analysis (including content, thematic and context analyses) of cardiovascular health information published on the websites of AI-funded (n = 18, such as ‘Drinkaware’ and the ‘Distilled Spirits Council of the US’) and non-AI-funded (n = 18, such as ‘NHS.uk’) organizations based in multiple high-income jurisdictions.

Results
Websites of non-industry-funded health organizations were more likely than AI/SAPRO websites to label alcohol as a risk factor for a range of important cardiovascular diseases (such as myocardial infarction, congestive cardiac failure, hypertension and stroke). Conversely, AI/SAPRO websites were more likely to suggest alcohol was protective in the development of some heart conditions. AI/SAPRO websites frequently referenced the J-shaped curve as proof of benefit from moderate alcohol consumption; suggested a balance between the benefits and harms from drinking; positioned alcohol as consistent with a ‘healthy lifestyle’; and framed drinking as a social norm.

Conclusions
AI-funded health organizations mis-represent the evidence on cardiovascular effects of moderate alcohol consumption. Healthcare professionals should appreciate the role of funding source in biasing content, and exercise caution when directing patients to content funded by the AI. Tighter regulation of messaging that AI/SAPRO’s provide to the public is required, to avoid the dissemination of harmful misinformation.
Financial Returns for Biomass on Short-Rotation Loblolly Pine Plantations in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Trlica Andrew , Cook Rachel L , Albaugh Timothy J , Parajuli Rajan , Carter David R , Rubilar Rafael A 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRising demand for renewable energy has created a potential market for biomass from short-rotation pine plantations in the southeastern United States. Site preparation, competition control, fertilization, and enhanced seedling genotypes offer the landowner several variables for managing productivity, but their combined effects on financial returns are unclear. This study estimated returns from a hypothetical 10-year biomass harvest in loblolly pine plantation using field studies in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina and the Virginia Piedmont testing combinations of tree genotype, planting density, and silviculture. Although enhanced varietal genotypes could yield more biomass, open-pollinated seedlings at 1,236–1,853 trees ha−1 under operational silviculture had the greatest returns at both sites, with mean whole-tree internal rates of return of 8.3%–9.9% assuming stumpage equal to current pulpwood prices. At a 5% discount rate, break-even whole-tree stumpage at the two sites in the optimal treatments was $8.72–$9.92 Mg−1, and break-even yield was 175–177 Mg ha−1 (roughly 18 Mg ha−1 yr−1 productivity), although stumpage and yield floors were higher if only stem biomass was treated as salable. Dedicated short-rotation loblolly biomass plantations in the region are more likely to be financially attractive when site establishment and maintenance costs are minimized.
The monothiol glutaredoxin Grx4 influences thermotolerance, cell wall integrity, and Mpk1 signaling in Cryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Hu Guanggan , Horianopoulos Linda , Sánchez-León Eddy , Caza Mélissa , Jung Wonhee , Kronstad James W 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Monothiol glutaredoxins are important regulators of iron homeostasis that play conserved roles in the sensing and trafficking of iron-sulfur clusters. We previously characterized the role of the monothiol glutaredoxin Grx4 in iron homeostasis, the interaction with the iron regulator Cir1, and virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans. This important fungal pathogen causes cryptococcal meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised individuals worldwide. Here, we demonstrate that Grx4 is required for proliferation at elevated temperatures (both 37°C and 39°C) and under stress conditions. In particular, the grx4Δ mutant was hypersensitive to SDS, calcofluor white (CFW), and caffeine, suggesting that Grx4 is required for membrane and cell wall integrity (CWI). In this context, we found that Grx4 regulated the phosphorylation of the Mpk1 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) of the CWI pathway in cells grown at elevated temperature or upon treatment with CFW, caffeine, or SDS. The grx4Δ mutant also displayed increased sensitivity to FK506 and cyclosporin A, two inhibitors of the calcineurin pathway, indicating that Grx4 may influence growth at higher temperatures in parallel with calcineurin signaling. Upon thermal stress or calcium treatment, loss of Grx4 also caused partial mis-localization of Crz1, the transcription factor that is a calcineurin substrate. The phenotypes of the grx4Δ, crz1Δ, and cna1Δ (calcineurin) mutants suggest shared contributions to the regulation of temperature, cell wall, and other stresses. In summary, we show that Grx4 is also a key regulator of the responses to a variety of stress conditions in addition to its roles in iron homeostasis in C. neoformans.
Avoidance of urinary drainage during perioperative period of open elective colonic resection within enhanced recovery after surgery programme
Authors: Li Yun , Jiang Zhi-Wei , Liu Xin-Xin , Pan Hua-Feng , Gong Guan-Wen , Zhang Cheng , Li Zheng-Rong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Urinary catheterization (UC) is a conventional perioperative measure for major abdominal operation. Optimization of perioperative catheter management is an essential component of the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programme. We aimed to investigate the risk factors of urinary retention (UR) after open colonic resection within the ERAS protocol and to assess the feasibility of avoiding urinary drainage during the perioperative period.

Methods
A total of 110 colonic-cancer patients undergoing open elective colonic resection between July 2014 and May 2018 were enrolled in this study. All patients were treated within our ERAS protocol during the perioperative period. Data on patients’ demographics, clinicopathologic characteristics, and perioperative outcomes were collected and analysed retrospectively.

Results
Sixty-eight patients (61.8%) underwent surgery without any perioperative UC. Thirty patients (27.3%) received indwelling UC during the surgical procedure. Twelve (10.9%) cases developed UR after surgery necessitating UC. Although patients with intraoperative UC had a lower incidence of post-operative UR [0% (0/30) vs 15% (12/80), P = 0.034], intraoperative UC was not testified as an independent protective factor in multivariate logistic analysis. The history of prostatic diseases and the body mass index were strongly associated with post-operative UR. Six patients were diagnosed with post-operative urinary-tract infection, among whom two had intraoperative UC and four were complicated with post-operative UR requiring UC.

Conclusion
Avoidance of urinary drainage for open elective colonic resection is feasible with the implementation of the ERAS programme as the required precondition. Obesity and a history of prostatic diseases are significant predictors of post-operative UR.
Whole-Genome Duplications and the Diversification of the Globin-X Genes of Vertebrates
Authors: Hoffmann Federico G , Storz Jay F , Kuraku Shigehiro , Vandewege Michael W , Opazo Juan C 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Globin-X (GbX) is an enigmatic member of the vertebrate globin gene family with a wide phyletic distribution that spans protostomes and deuterostomes. Unlike canonical globins such as hemoglobins and myoglobins, functional data suggest that GbX does not have a primary respiratory function. Instead, evidence suggests that the monomeric, membrane-bound GbX may play a role in cellular signaling or protection against the oxidation of membrane lipids. Recently released genomes from key vertebrates provide an excellent opportunity to address questions about the early stages of the evolution of GbX in vertebrates. We integrate bioinformatics, synteny, and phylogenetic analyses to characterize the diversity of GbX genes in nonteleost ray-finned fishes, resolve relationships between the GbX genes of cartilaginous fish and bony vertebrates, and demonstrate that the GbX genes of cyclostomes and gnathostomes derive from independent duplications. Our study highlights the role that whole-genome duplications (WGDs) have played in expanding the repertoire of genes in vertebrate genomes. Our results indicate that GbX paralogs have a remarkably high rate of retention following WGDs relative to other globin genes and provide an evolutionary framework for interpreting results of experiments that examine functional properties of GbX and patterns of tissue-specific expression. By identifying GbX paralogs that are products of different WGDs, our results can guide the design of experimental work to explore whether gene duplicates that originate via WGDs have evolved novel functional properties or expression profiles relative to singleton or tandemly duplicated copies of GbX.
Necrosis-induced apoptosis promotes regeneration in Drosophila wing imaginal discs
Authors: Klemm Jacob , Stinchfield Michael J , Harris Robin E 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Regeneration is a complex process that requires a coordinated genetic response to tissue loss. Signals from dying cells are crucial to this process and are best understood in the context of regeneration following programmed cell death, like apoptosis. Conversely, regeneration following unregulated forms of death, such as necrosis, have yet to be fully explored. Here, we have developed a method to investigate regeneration following necrosis using the Drosophila wing imaginal disc. We show that necrosis stimulates regeneration at an equivalent level to that of apoptosis-mediated cell death and activates a similar response at the wound edge involving localized JNK signaling. Unexpectedly, however, necrosis also results in significant apoptosis far from the site of ablation, which we have termed necrosis-induced apoptosis (NiA). This apoptosis occurs independent of changes at the wound edge and importantly does not rely on JNK signaling. Furthermore, we find that blocking NiA limits proliferation and subsequently inhibits regeneration, suggesting that tissues damaged by necrosis can activate programmed cell death at a distance from the injury to promote regeneration.
Risk Factors for Nonresilient Outcomes in Older Adults After Total Knee Replacement
Authors: Laskow Thomas , Zhu Jiafeng , Buta Brian , Oni Julius , Sieber Frederick , Bandeen-Roche Karen , Walston Jeremy , Franklin Patricia D , Varadhan Ravi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Total knee replacement (TKR) is a common procedure in older adults. Physical resilience may be a useful construct to explain variable outcomes. We sought to define a simple measure of physical resilience and identify risk factors for nonresilient patient outcomes.

Methods
Secondary analysis of Function and Outcomes Research for Comparative Effectiveness in Total Joint Replacement (FORCE-TJR) cohort study, a prospective registry of total joint replacement. The analysis included 7 239 adults aged 60 or older who underwent TKR between 2011 and 2015. Measures included sociodemographic and health factors. Outcomes were categorized as physically resilient versus nonresilient based on the change from baseline to 1-year follow-up for 3 patient-reported outcomes: the physical component summary (PCS), bodily pain (BP), and vitality (VT) from the Short Form-36 subcomponent scores, at preop and 1-year postprocedure. Associations were expressed as relative risk (RR) of physically nonresilient outcomes using generalized linear regression models, with Poisson distribution and log link.

Results
Age, body mass index, and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) were associated with increased risk of physically nonresilient outcomes across PCS, BP, and VT: age, per 5 years for PCS (RR = 1.18 [1.12–1.23]), BP (RR = 1.06 [1.01–1.11), and VT (RR = 1.09 [1.06–1.12]); body mass index, per 5 kg/m2, for PCS (RR = 1.13 [1.07–1.19]), BP (RR = 1.06 [1.00–1.11]), and VT (RR = 1.08 [1.04–1.11]); and CCI for PCS CCI = 1 (RR = 1.38 [1.20–1.59]), CCI = 2–5 (RR = 1.59 [1.35–1.88]), CCI ≥6 (RR = 1.55 [1.31–1.83]. Household income &gt;$45 000 associated with lower risk for PCS (RR = 0.81 [0.70–0.93]), BP (RR = 0.80 [0.69–0.91]), and VT (RR = 0.86 [0.78–0.93]).

Conclusions
We operationalized physical resilience and identified factors predicting resilience after TKR. This approach may aid clinical risk stratification, guide further investigation of causes, and ultimately aid patients through the design of interventions to enhance physical resilience.
Persistence of the Immune Responses and Cross-Neutralizing Activity With Variants of Concern Following 2 Doses of Adjuvanted SCB-2019 Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine
Authors: Richmond Peter C , Hatchuel Lara , Pacciarini Filippo , Hu Branda , Smolenov Igor , Li Ping , Liang Peng , Han Htay Htay , Liang Joshua , Clemens Ralf 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
We have previously reported the safety and immunogenicity 4 weeks after 2 doses of the Clover coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine candidate, SCB-2019, a stabilized prefusion form of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein (S-trimer). We now report persistence of antibodies up to 6 months after vaccination, and cross-neutralization titers against 3 variants of concern (VoCs).

Methods
In a phase 1 study, adult (18–54 years of age) and elderly (55–75 years of age) volunteers received 2 vaccinations 21 days apart with placebo or 3-, 9-, or 30-µg. We measured immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against SCB-2019, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) competitive binding antibodies, and neutralizing antibodies against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan-Hu-1) at days 101 and 184, and neutralizing antibodies against 3 VoCs, Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), and Gamma (P.1), in day 36 sera.

Results
Titers waned from their peak at days 36–50, but SCB-2019 IgG antibodies, ACE2 competitive binding antibodies, and neutralizing antibodies against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 persisted at 25%–35% of their observed peak levels at day 184. Day 36 sera also demonstrated dose-dependent increases in neutralizing titers against the 3 VoCs.

Conclusions
SCB-2019 dose-dependently induced immune responses against wild-type SARS-CoV-2, which persisted up to day 184. Neutralizing antibodies were cross-reactive against 3 of the most prevalent VoCs.
Genome size in cyclopoid copepods (Copepoda: Cyclopoida): chromatin diminution as a hypothesized mechanism of evolutionary constraint
Authors: Schutt Emilly , Hołyńska Maria , Wyngaard Grace A 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGenome size is a fundamental property of organisms that impacts their molecular evolution and life histories. The hypothesis that somatic genome sizes in copepods in the order Cyclopoida are small and evolutionary constrained relative to those in the order Calanoida was proposed 15 years ago. Since then, the number of estimates has almost doubled and the taxon sampling has broadened. Here we add 14 new estimates from eight genera of freshwater cyclopoids that vary from 0.2 to 6.6 pg of DNA per nucleus in the soma; all except one are 2.0 pg DNA per nucleus or smaller. This new sample adds to the pattern of genome size in copepods and is remarkably similar to the distribution on which the original hypothesis was based, as well as those of subsequently published estimates. Embryonic chromatin diminution, during which large portions of DNA are excised from the presomatic cell lineage, is reported in Paracyclops affinis (G.O. Sars, 1863). This diminution results in a somatic genome that is one half the size of the germline genome. When the sizes of the germline genomes carried in presomatic cells of cyclopoid species that possess chromatin diminution are considered, the prediminuted germline genome sizes of cyclopoid embryos overlap with the distribution of calanoid somatic genome sizes, supporting the hypothesis that chromatin diminution has functioned as a mechanism to constrain somatic nuclear DNA content in cyclopoid copepods. Geographically based variation in genome size among populations is also reviewed.
Use of Functional Response Modeling to Evaluate the Effect of Temperature on Predation ofAmblyseius swirskii(Acari: Phytoseiidae) Adults Preying onTetranychus urticae(Acari: Tetranychidae) Nymphs
Authors: Farazmand Azadeh , Amir-Maafi Masood 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this research, functional responses of Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot preying on different Tetranychus urticae Koch nymphal densities (2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, and 128) were studied at eight constant temperatures (15, 20, 25, 27.5, 30, 32.5, 35 and 37.5°C) in a circular Petri dish (3-cm diameter × 1-cm height) under lab conditions. At all temperatures, the logistic regression showed a type II functional response. A nonlinear relationship was found between temperature and attack rate and the reciprocal of handling time. The reciprocal of handling time decreased exponentially with increasing temperature. In contrast, the attack rate grew rapidly with increasing temperatures up to an optimum, showing a decreasing trend at higher temperatures. In order to quantify the functional response of A. swirskii over a broad range of temperatures and to gain a better estimation of attack rate and handling time, a temperature-settled functional response equation was suited to our data. Our model showed that the number of prey consumed increased with rising prey density. Also, the predation rates increased with increasing temperatures but decreased at extremely high temperatures. Based on our model, the predation rate begins at the lower temperature threshold (11.73°C) and reaches its peak at upper temperature threshold (29.43°C). The coefficient of determination (R2) of the random predator model was 0.99 for all temperatures. The capability of A. swirskii to search and consume T. urticae over a wide range of temperatures makes it a good agent for natural control of T. urticae in greenhouses.
Patient-Reported Functional Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia After Stopping Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Schoenbeck Kelly L , Atallah Ehab , Lin Li , Weinfurt Kevin P , Cortes Jorge , Deininger Michael W N , Kota Vamsi , Larson Richard A , Mauro Michael J , Oehler Vivian G , Pinilla-Ibarz Javier , Radich Jerald P , Schiffer Charles A , Shah Neil P , Silver Richard T , Thompson James E , Flynn Kathryn E 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Treatment-free remission (TFR) is a goal for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Functional outcomes after discontinuing tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment have not been described. Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) measures of social, physical, cognitive, and sexual function were assessed over 36 months in 172 adult patients with chronic phase CML from 14 sites at baseline (on TKI) and after discontinuation. Linear mixed-effects models described the average trajectories for each patient-reported outcome measure after discontinuation and in those who restarted TKI. Of 112 patients in TFR at 12 months, 103 (92.0%) had a 3-point or greater improvement in social function, 80 (71.4%) in social isolation, 11 (9.8%) in satisfaction with sex life, 4 (3.6%) in physical function, and no patients had a 3-point or greater improvement in cognitive function or interest in sexual activity. Patients’ scores worsened after restarting TKI. This novel information on functional outcomes in TFR can help guide patient and clinician decision making.
Before Psychopharmacology
Authors: Shorter Edward 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This chapter reviews cultures that used drugs to treat disorders of the mind, such as opium for melancholia in classical Greece. It cites Ida Macalpine and Richard Hunter, who commented that each age indulges in the conceit that nervous disorders are on the increase because of the complexity of its civilization with its discontents. It also recounts the seventeenth century, which had its sleepers and pills to purge melancholy, the eighteenth century, which used pacifick medicines, and the nineteenth century, which had composing pills and herbaceous tranquilizers. The chapter discusses the mid-nineteenth century, wherein biological thinking in psychiatry began to accelerate. It mentions Heinrich Laehr, who headed a provincial asylum in Halle in 1852 and stated that insanity is nothing else than a disease that only medical means may combat.