bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids contained in liver and muscle tissues of Okinawan long-spine porcupinefish (Diodon holocanthus Linnaeus 1758)
Authors: Tashiro Yutaka 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
This study aimed to analyze the lipid content and fatty acid composition in the liver and muscle of a porcupinefish species inhabiting waters around the Ryukyu Islands to investigate their potential as a source of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs).

Design/methodology/approach
Porcupinefish were collected along the Okinawa Island coast. The composition of fatty acids and cholesterol in both liver and muscle were analyzed using a gas chromatograph mass spectrometer.

Findings
The liver of Okinawan long-spine porcupinefish was rich in lipids whose content correlated to the proportion of liver/body weight. Fatty acid compositions in their liver and muscles were similar to each other. LC-PUFAs occupied 44% of total fatty acids, with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) being the dominant (42%), whereas eicosapentaenoic acid occupied 2.4%. The liver contained 1,690 mg of cholesterol and 14.8 g of DHA per 100 g, whose proportion decreased in summer compared to other seasons (p = 0.036).

Originality/value
The liver of Okinawan long-spine porcupinefish, which has not yet been commercially used although its non-toxicity is claimed, can be an excellent source of LC-PUFAs, especially DHA, accentuating its potential in food supplements’ production.
Tweet so good that they can't ignore you! Suggesting posting strategies to micro-celebrities for online engagement
Authors: Iqbal Khan Shahid , Ahmad Bilal 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of post content, post media and post scheduling strategies on online engagement on Twitter in context of micro celebrities in Pakistan.Design/methodology/approachFor this research, micro celebrities of Pakistan have been defined as the target population. Secondary data consisting of 464 tweets from walls of six micro celebrities belonging to both genders and diverse set of socio-political fields was collected. Tweedie estimation analysis was run to accept or reject the hypotheses. Mean values with standard deviations were utilized to analyze the different engagement patterns of dichotomous variables (content type, content language, mentions, hashtags, text, images, links, videos, hour of the day and day of the week) on online engagement.FindingsContent type, content language, content length, hashtags, mentions, images, links, videos, hour of the day and day of the week have been found to have a significant relationship with online engagement on Twitter.Research limitations/implicationsFirst, the study has been conducted in context of micro celebrities on Twitter. It did not include influencers on other social media networks. Second, study considered only quantitative aspects of engagement based on secondary data ignoring qualitative aspects of phenomenon due to time and methodology constraints. Third, study did not include link clicks as a measure of engagement as clicks data is not publicly available on the posts.Practical implicationsThe study contributes significantly to find out valuable “micro celebrity” strategies in Pakistan. The study suggests micro celebrities to tweet soft content in Urdu language along with relevant hashtags and mentions to get higher engagement on their tweets. Further, tweets should contain maximum number of characters. Micro celebrities should not insert images, links and videos in their tweets as these media types result in lower engagement on Twitter. Micro celebrities should tweet at low hours and weekends.Social implicationsAs this study focuses on investigation of better engagement practices for micro celebrities, it will help general public to express themselves more effectively through social media.Originality/valueFirst, this is the first study that investigates the online engagement model for micro celebrities. Second, the online engagement model designed in this study has yet not been investigated to best of our knowledge. The theoretical model combines multiple engagement factors discussed in previous studies conducted on Facebook, YouTube, Instagram and Twitter.
Microstructure evolution along build direction for thin-wall components fabricated with wire-direct energy deposition
Authors: Kulkarni Janmejay Dattatraya , Goka Suresh Babu , Parchuri Pradeep Kumar , Yamamoto Hajime , Ito Kazuhiro , Simhambhatla Suryakumar 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
The use of a gas metal arc welding-based weld-deposition, referred to as wire-direct energy deposition or wire-arc additive manufacturing, is one of the notable additive manufacturing methods for producing metallic components at high deposition rates. In this method, the near-net shape is manufactured through layer-by-layer weld-deposition on a substrate. However, as a result of this sequential weld-deposition, different layers are subjected to different types of thermal cycles and partial re-melting. The resulting microstructural evolution of the material may not be uniform. Hence, the purpose of this study is to assess microstructure variation along with the lamination direction (or build direction).

Design/methodology/approach
The study was carried out for two different boundary conditions, namely, isolated condition and cooled condition. The microstructural evolution across the layers is hypothesized based on experimental assessment; this included microhardness, scanning electron microscopy imaging and electron backscatter diffraction analysis. These conditions subsequently collaborated with the help of thermal modeling of the process.

Findings
During a new layer deposition, the previous layer also is subject to re-melt. While the newly added layer undergoes rapid cooling through a combination of convection, conduction and radiation losses, the penultimate layer, sees a slower cooling curve due to its smaller exposure area. This behavior of rapid-solidification and subsequent re-melting and re-solidification is a progressing phenomenon across the layers and the bulk of the layers have uniform grains due to this remelt-re-solidification phenomenon.

Research limitations/implications
This paper studies the microstructure variation along with the build direction for thin-walled components fabricated through weld-deposition. This study would be helpful in addressing the issue of anisotropy resulting from the distinctive thermal history of each layer in the overall theme of metal additive manufacturing.

Originality/value
The unique aspect of this paper is the postulation of a generic hypothesis, based on experimental findings and supported by thermal modeling of the process, for remelt-re-solidification phenomenon followed by temperature raising/lowering repetitively in every layer deposition across the layers. This is implemented for different types of base plate conditions, revealing the role of boundary conditions on the microstructure evolution.
The Conservative Nation since 1974
Authors: Vinen Richard 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAndrew Gamble's The Conservative Nation, published in 1974, is interesting when read in the light of more recent events. Though the pre‐Thatcher Conservative Party is often depicted as ‘unideological’, Gamble reminds us that it was often a centre of intense intellectual ferment before 1975. Four men—Harold Macmillan, Rab Butler, Iain Macleod and Enoch Powell were particularly important to debates in the party. Of all these, Powell, seemed to cast the longest shadow in 1974, but he never had the influence that some hoped, or feared, that he would. The reasons why he failed illustrate his own idiosyncrasies, but also the difficulties of what Gamble labelled ‘the politics of support’. Seen in the light of Gamble's early work, Thatcherism can be seen as something that built on existing strata of conservatism and the changes brought by Thatcher were, in many ways, less dramatic than those that have transformed the party since 2016.
Male heterogametic sex determination in Rana dybowskii based on sex‐linked molecular markers
Authors: XU Yuan , DU Zhiheng , LIU Jiayu , SU Hang , NING Fangyong , CUI Shiquan , WANG Lijuan , LIU Jianming , REN Chuanshuai , DI Shengwei , BAI Xiujuan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIdentifying the mechanism for sex determination in amphibians is challenging. Very little is known about sex determination mechanisms of Rana dybowskii, a species of importance to evolutionary and conservation biology. We screened for sex‐linked molecular markers in R. dybowskii in China using target region amplification polymorphism with 2 fixed primers against the sequences of Dmrt1. We found 2 male‐linked molecular markers in R. dybowskii, which were 222 bp and 261 bp long. The detection rates of 222 bp marker in males form Xinglong, Huadian, and Dandong were 93.79%, 69.64%, and 13.64%, respectively, while the rate in females from Huadian was 27.50%. Besides, the detection rates of 261 bp marker in the above 3 regions were only observed in males at the rate of 93.79%, 87.50%, and 32.73%, respectively. The inheritance patterns of sex‐linked molecular markers showed that the 2 sex‐linked molecular markers were heterozygous. Compared to the XY‐male parent, progeny from XX‐pseudo‐male parent possessed lower sex reversal ratio at the same rearing temperature, and the proportion of female froglets from an XX‐pseudo‐male parent was more than 95% at low rearing temperature (15°C). Our findings suggest that R. dybowskii displays male heterogamety, and the 2 sex‐linked molecular markers may have a guiding significance for the protection and utilization of R. dybowskii.
pH and light‐responsive polycaprolactone/curcumin@zif‐8 composite films with enhanced antibacterial activity
Authors: Cai Ying , Guan Jingwei , Wang Wen , Wang Li , Su Jianyu , Fang Liming 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFood packaging materials, especially biodegradable polymer composites incorporated with natural antimicrobial agents with excellent antibacterial activities, are in high demand and attracted immense attention. Herein, a polycaprolactone/curcumin@zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (PCL/Cur@ZIF‐8) composite film with enhanced antibacterial activity was developed. Curcumin, a natural photosensitizer, was loaded in the highly porous nanocrystals ZIF‐8 to improve its poor water solubility and stability. The integral structure of Cur@ZIF‐8 was maintained well in the PCL matrix even at the highest loading of 35% (w/w), and all composite films had good light transmittance at 420–430 nm. The PCL/Cur@ZIF‐8 composite films responded to the acidic growth environment of bacteria by releasing zinc ions and curcumin molecules. Furthermore, upon blue light irradiation (420–430 nm, 2.2 mW/cm2), curcumin molecules generated singlet oxygen. With the synergistic effects of zinc ions and singlet oxygen, the composite films exhibited a 99.9% reduction of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus strains when the amount of Cur@ZIF‐8 loading was more than 15% (w/w), as well as a strong anti‐adhesion effect on bacteria. Moreover, bacterial resuscitation tests indicated that the composite films exhibited 99.9% reduction in the adhered bacteria population through treatment with photodynamic sterilization. This is the first study presenting that the incorporated curcumin ZIF‐8 nanoparticles in the matrix of polymer are pH and light responsive for anti‐adhesion of bacteria, which is of great potential application as antibacterial packaging material for the food industry.Practical ApplicationA novel, biodegradable, pH, and light‐responsive composite film was developed for antibacterial activity. Natural photosensitizer curcumin was encapsulated in ZIF‐8 nanocrystals (Cur@ZIF‐8) as the antimicrobial agent. With the synergistic effects of Zn2+ and singlet oxygen, the composite film exhibited a 99.9% reduction of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus strains, and a strong anti‐adhesion property toward bacteria. This composite film is of great potential application as an antibacterial packaging material that enhances the shelf life of fruits, meat, and so on.
History and current situation of neoadjuvant treatment for locally advanced esophageal cancer
Authors: Li Junyi , Ma Shaohua 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEsophageal cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignant tumors, especially in north China. Surgery is one of the major treatments. However, for locally advanced cases, surgery alone does not achieve an ideal prognosis. As a result of rapid development in recent years, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, neoadjuvant radiotherapy or neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery are becoming the “standard treatment pattern” for patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer, and an improvement in prognosis is evident. With the gradual application of immunotherapy in esophageal cancer, neoadjuvant immunotherapy has also shown an important role. This article mainly focuses on the history and current status of neoadjuvant treatment and its future role in the treatment of esophageal cancer.
Icotinib alone or with bevacizumab as first‐line therapy in Chinese patients with advanced nonsquamous non‐small cell lung cancer and activating EGFR mutations: A retrospective study
Authors: Jiang Zhansheng , Zhang Jing , Sun Haiyan , Wang Cong , Zhang Yu , Li Yanyang , Pan Zhanyu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study focused on comparing the safety and therapeutic effects between icotinib monotherapy and icotinib plus bevacizumab combined therapy in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases harboring EGFR mutations.MethodsData were collected retrospectively from the Cancer Institute and Hospital of Tianjin Medical University between October 2018 and December 2019, where the NSCLC cases that harbored EGFR mutations underwent first‐line therapy with icotinib in the presence or absence of bevacizumab. This study included 90 cases, of which 60 patients were in the icotinib group (I) and 30 in the icotinib plus bevacizumab group (IB).ResultsThe follow‐up period to evaluate median PFS in our study was 18 months. Median PFS was 18.0 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 14.7–21.3) with icotinib plus bevacizumab and 11 months (95% CI: 8.9–13.1) with icotinib alone (hazard ratio 0·54, 95% CI: 0.31–0.92; p = 0.029). According to the subgroup analyses based on the type of EGFR genomic aberration, a prolonged median PFS was observed in the cases harboring exon 21 point mutation (Ex21.L858R) in the IB group compared to the I group (not reached vs. 11 months [8.8–13.2], p = 0.021). However, the difference between the cases harboring exon 19 deletions in the EGFR gene was not significant. The DCR and ORR were comparable between both groups. Substantially higher incidences of hypertension and proteinuria were observed in the combined group compared to the icotinib monotherapy group.ConclusionsThis is the first study to provide further evidence of the benefits of applying icotinib in combination with bevacizumab as first‐line treatment for advanced NSCLC cases harboring EGFR mutations. However, these findings need to be verified through prospective phase 3 clinical studies.
Early intervention and prevention of allergic diseases
Authors: Brough Helen A. , Lanser Bruce Joshua , Sindher Sayantani B. , Teng Joyce M. C. , Leung Donald Y. M. , Venter Carina , Chan Susan M. , Santos Alexandra F. , Bahnson Henry T. , Guttman‐Yassky Emma , Gupta Ruchi S. , Lack Gideon , Ciaccio Christina E. , Sampath Vanitha , Nadeau Kari C. , Nagler Cathryn R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFood allergy (FA) is now one of the most common chronic diseases of childhood often lasting throughout life and leading to significant worldwide healthcare burden. The precise mechanisms responsible for the development of this inflammatory condition are largely unknown; however, a multifactorial aetiology involving both environmental and genetic contributions is well accepted. A precise understanding of the pathogenesis of FA is an essential first step to developing comprehensive prevention strategies that could mitigate this epidemic. As it is frequently preceded by atopic dermatitis and can be prevented by early antigen introduction, the development of FA is likely facilitated by the improper initial presentation of antigen to the developing immune system. Primary oral exposure of antigens allowing for presentation via a well‐developed mucosal immune system, rather than through a disrupted skin epidermal barrier, is essential to prevent FA. In this review, we present the data supporting the necessity of (1) an intact epidermal barrier to prevent epicutaneous antigen presentation, (2) the presence of specific commensal bacteria to maintain an intact mucosal immune system and (3) maternal/infant diet diversity, including vitamins and minerals, and appropriately timed allergenic food introduction to prevent FA.
Outcomes of attempted vaginal births after previous recurrent operative vaginal deliveries: An individual cumulative risk analysis
Authors: Rottenstreich Misgav , Rotem Reut , Hankin Aviel , Rottenstreich Amihai , Sela Hen Y. , Shen Ori , Grisaru‐Granovsky Sorina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundData about the risk of recurrence of vacuum extraction (VE) in multiple consecutive deliveries are scarce. We aimed to evaluate the pattern and individual cumulative risk of recurrence of VE in consecutive term deliveries.Study DesignA retrospective cohort study based on a validated electronic database at a single center between 2005 and 2019. For the purpose of the study, we focused on consecutive term deliveries of all primiparas (P1) that had a record of at least one additional delivery during the study period. We identified P1 VE deliveries (reference group) and calculated the individual cumulative risk of repeated VE for three consecutive deliveries. Multivariate analysis was conducted adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsWe identified 35 113 primiparas that met inclusion criteria. The overall VE rate for P1 was 17.9% (6969 parturient). The cumulative rates of repeated VEs at the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th deliveries were 8.6%, 26.8%, and 25.0%, respectively. The risk of recurrent VE for each of the consecutive deliveries was confirmed after adjustment for confounders (aOR [95% CI]: 5.8 [4.76‐7.04], 34.2 [18.59‐62.81], and 113.9 [9.77‐1328.69] for the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th consecutive deliveries, respectively).ConclusionWomen with VE at the first and second deliveries have a substantially increased risk of VE in their following deliveries; this finding may influence woman's preference when choosing future mode of delivery.
Accurate transcriptome assembly by Nanopore RNA sequencing reveals novel functional transcripts in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Fang Yuanchang , Chen Geng , Chen Feng , Hu En , Dong Xiuqing , Li Zhenli , He Lei , Sun Yupeng , Qiu Liman , Xu Haipo , Cai Zhixiong , Liu Xiaolong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe long reads of Nanopore sequencing permit accurate transcript assembly and ease in discovering novel transcripts with potentially important functions in cancers. The wide adoption of Nanopore sequencing for transcript quantification, however, is largely limited by high costs. To address this issue, we developed a bioinformatics software, NovelQuant, that can specifically quantify long‐read‐assembled novel transcripts with short‐read sequencing data. Nanopore Direct RNA Sequencing was carried out on three hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients’ tumor, matched portal vein tumor thrombus, and peritumor to reconstruct the HCC transcriptome. Then, based on the reconstructed transcriptome, NovelQuant was applied on Illumina RNA sequencing data of 59 HCC patients’ tumor and paired peritumor to quantify novel transcripts. Our further analysis revealed 361 novel transcripts dysregulated in HCC and that 101 of them were significantly associated with prognosis. There were 19 novel prognostic transcripts predicted to be long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and some of them had regulatory targets that were reported to be associated with HCC. Additionally, 42 novel prognostic transcripts were predicted to be protein‐coding mRNAs, and many of them could be involved in xenobiotic metabolism. Moreover, the tumor‐suppressive roles of two representative novel prognostic transcripts, CDO1‐novel (lncRNA) and CYP2A6‐novel (protein‐coding mRNA), were further functionally validated during HCC progression. Overall, the current study shows a possibility of combining long‐ and short‐read sequencing to explore functionally important novel transcripts in HCC with accuracy and cost‐efficiency, which expands the pool of molecular biomarkers that could enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of HCC.
Investment in research and development and export performances of Canadian small and medium‐sized agri‐food firms
Authors: Tamini Lota D. , Valéa Aristide B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study is to analyze the impact of research and development (R&D) investment on the export performance of Canadian agrifood small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) and on that of related sectors, namely, the textile and clothing sector and the manufacture of leather goods and similar products. First, we analyzed explanatory factors for R&D expenses, and then, we analyzed the impact of R&D on extensive (market access) and intensive (trade value) margins of trade using a difference‐in‐differences approach. We used data obtained from the Statistics Canada's National Accounts Longitudinal Microdata File (NALMF) for 2010–2015 and the Trade by Exporter Characteristics (TEC) database. The size of firms and their support from the Canadian government affect their propensity to invest in R&D and the amount of R&D expenses and their intensity, measured as the ratio of R&D to sales of goods and services. Overall, our results show that investment in R&D has a positive impact on the export performance of agrifood SMEs; the impact is smaller when the destination is one of the states in the United States.
ESCP Safe Anastomosis ProGramme in CoLorectal SurgEry (EAGLE): Study protocol for an international cluster randomised trial of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy
Authors:   ESCP EAGLE Safe Anastomosis Collaborative
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimCohort data suggest that anastomotic leak occurs after 8% of right colectomies causing significant morbidity and mortality. Patient selection, intra‐operative factors, and technical variation all contribute to risk of leak. The EAGLE study will assess whether implementation of the European Society of Coloproctology (ESCP) Safe Anastomosis Intervention reduces anastomotic leak following right colectomy.MethodsAn international, multi‐centre, cluster randomised trial will be undertaken with hospitals as clusters. Hospitals will be recruited in a number of distinct phases, with each phase following the same research plan, in which clusters are randomised to one of three, staggered (dog‐leg) schedules for implementation of the Safe Anastomosis Intervention.ResultsResults from different phases will be meta‐analysed. The intervention is a three‐component behavioural change programme for surgeons, anaesthetists and operating room staff, supported by an online learning environment. All colorectal surgical units around the world will be eligible. Adults undergoing elective or emergency right colectomy or ileocaecal resection, by any approach and for any indication will be included. The primary outcome is 30‐day anastomotic leak rate, defined as clinical or radiologically‐detected leak or intra‐abdominal or pelvic collection. Assuming hospitals provide data for an average of 10 patients per two month recruitment period, 333 clusters (4440 patients in total) will allow for detection of an absolute risk reduction of anastomotic leak from 8.1% to 5.6% (relative risk reduction 30%). This protocol adheres to Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Intervention Trials (SPIRIT).DiscussionThe protocol describes the methods for an evaluation of a hospital‐level, education‐based quality improvement intervention targeted to reduce the life‐threatening surgical complication of anastomotic leak.