bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Appréhender les transformations de l’activité versus de la cognition des enseignant·es : approches (in)compatibles ?
Authors: Gvozdic Katarina , Lussi Borer Valérie 
Published: October 2021

Résumé – Dans cet article, nous croisons deux entrées : l’entrée activité, qui s’appuie sur des enquêtes collaboratives soutenues par la vidéo, et l’entrée cognitive, qui s’appuie sur des questionnaires et de l’expérimentation. Les verbalisations produites dans le cadre des enquêtes collaboratives ainsi que les réponses récoltées par les questionnaires reflètent des conceptions implicites, dont les processus sous-jacents font l’objet d’études en sciences cognitives. Dans cet article nous mettons les concepts clés relatifs au développement professionnel des enseignants en regard avec ceux relatifs au développement conceptuel et nous analysons les points de convergence et de tension. Outre une analyse théorique, nous portons un regard croisé sur les corpus et méthodologies existants, en analysant les atouts des différentes approches. Enfin, nous concluons en proposant un dispositif de recherche qui pourrait permettre aux deux entrées d’interagir de manière complémentaire.
Du cerveau à la classe, un pont toujours aussi loin ?
Authors: Sander Emmanuel 
Published: October 2021

John Bruer a signé en novembre 1997 dans Educational Researcher un article séminal, « Education and the brain : A bridge too far » (« L’éducation et le cerveau : un pont trop loin »), en référence au film éponyme de Richard Attenborough relatant une opération alliée manquée de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale. Dans cet article, Bruer défend l’idée d’une distance trop importante entre les neurosciences et la salle de classe. Alors que les neurosciences affichent des prétentions de plus en plus importantes sur les questions d’éducation, l’objectif de la présente contribution est de réinterroger cette ambition vingt-cinq ans après la publication de cet article, période durant laquelle les publications liant éducation et neurosciences ont fait un spectaculaire bond quantitatif, et où tant la sphère politique que celle du journalisme d’information scientifique se sont saisies de ce sujet. La question des mythes éducatifs, prétendument appuyés sur des travaux de neurosciences mais consistant en fait en extrapolations et généralisations abusives dans lesquelles les propres auteurs de ces contributions voient un dévoiement de leurs recherches, sera en particulier abordée, ainsi que les voies possibles pour promouvoir une approche documentée des liens entre neurosciences et éducation, mobilisable pour la formation des enseignants et intégrable dans les pratiques enseignantes.
Integrating an imaging session in obstetrics and gynaecology curriculum as an improvement in undergraduate medical education
Authors: Kurien A. , Subramaniyam V. , Veasuvalingam B. , Goodson M. 
Published: October 2021

Objective: Choosing the right modality of imaging and interpreting the results are challenging for undergraduate medical students as radiology remains underrepresented in the curriculum. An interdisciplinary workshop with integration of radiology in obstetrics and gynaecology was introduced and we analysed the student’s perception of this novel approach. Materials and methods: A mixed methodology was used. Data triangulation was done with questionnaire, written feedback, and peer observation. This workshop was conducted for final year medical students during their obstetrics and gynaecology rotation and the data was collected at the end of the session. Results: A total of 122 students participated in the study. The results indicate an overall satisfaction rate of 98%. Majority of the students (99 %) felt the material is clinically relevant and 97% reported gaining confidence in choosing the right imaging technique. The course organisation, presentation and knowledge levels were also rated very high. This was also evident in the narratives and peer observation. Conclusion: The high satisfaction rate received for this innovation and integration supports conducting speciality-based radiology sessions. This can be viewed as a quality improvement technique to the undergraduate medical curriculum and will aid students for their future practice as safe foundation year doctors.
Medical students’ preferences in using various learning resources for physiology
Authors: Bhimani N. , Kowale A. N. 
Published: October 2021

Background: The number of resources available and accessible to medical students studying a Physiology in their phase 1 of M.B.B.S. is growing in leaps and bounds. Apart from traditional learning resources such as lectures and textbooks, students are increasingly using e-learning tools to learn Physiology. The students’ preference for learning resources has not been studied in detail in any Indian settings. The deeper and better understanding of the tools used by students for learning medical Physiology could provide useful information to medical educators when designing and implementing Physiology curriculum for medical students. Methods: 200 first M.B.B.S students were invited to complete an online survey. Questions asked were pertaining to students’ frequency of using different types of resources when learning Physiology in first year of M.B.B.S. Results: 192/200 (92%) of students completed the survey, with the respondent age between 17 -19 years. The gender distribution was even, with male (n =93, 46.50%) and female (n = 99, 54.50%) students responding to the survey. The students preferred to attend practical classes (RII = 0.95), read textbooks for learning a topic (RII = 0.91), attend a lecture class (RII = 0.85) and attend a small group discussion (RII = 0.81). Conclusion: Inspite of increase in e-learning resources, traditional resources like attendance in practical classes, reading textbooks for learning a topic, attendance in lecture class and attendance small group discussion for learning Physiology are preferred ways by the students.
Psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on parents in an urban setting in Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Chilukuri Shvetha , Singisetti Srinivas , Nukala Srikrishna , Vinnakota Archana , Garapati Abhilash , Sanapala Vidya , Nambaru Laxman Rao 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Existing literature around pandemics suggests that preventive measures during lockdown have an adverse impact on psychological well-being across different demographic groups. In particular, parents' stress is somewhat complex and influenced by the demands of looking after children, homeschooling, and an increase in domestic chores and needs exploration and timely attention.

Aims:
The aim is to study the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and various associated factors on parents.

Settings and Design:
This was a cross-sectional study done online using Google Forms sent to WhatsApp groups in an urban setting in Andhra Pradesh, on a purposive sampling basis.

Materials and Methods:
A purposive sampling approach using a survey questionnaire through WhatsApp produced data from 159 parents who completed the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) short version and the Parental Stress Scale (PSS).

Results and Conclusions:
Criteria for severe stress on the DASS-21 were met in 47% of parents. Severe anxiety and depression were noted in 39% and 40% of the sampled parents, respectively. Mean parental stress scale score significantly correlated with the depression, anxiety, and stress subscales of the DASS-21. These findings indicate that pandemics and subsequent disease-containment responses such as lockdown may create a condition that parents may find overwhelming and one that could have a negative impact on parents and children. Pandemic planning must address these needs within the disease-containment measures.
Audit of requests for disability certification of adults received at a tertiary care general hospital psychiatry unit
Authors: Sen Mahadev Singh , Deep Raman , Nair Vanaja , Chadda Rakesh Kumar 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Persons with disability (PwD) are entitled to certain benefits from the State on grounds of being disabled. With the recent enactment of the Rights of PwD Act, 2016, and increased efforts to provide assistance to persons with certifiable disabilities, data pertaining to disability requests can be useful to understand the way in which services are utilized.

Materials and Methods:
This study is an audit of the disability certificates issued to all subjects with age ≥18 years between 2016 and 2019 at a tertiary care general hospital psychiatry unit, and discusses the pattern and profile of the certificates.

Results:
A total of 356 patients were issued disability certificates (2016–2019). The mean age of the subjects was 32.8 (±11.2) years and about 30% of them were females. Intellectual disability (58.3%) was the most common diagnosis, followed by schizophrenia and related disorders (31%), while all other disorders constituted a smaller proportion (11%) of the sample. About 60% of the subjects had moderate disability, 37.4% had severe disability, and 1.7% had profound disability.

Conclusion:
A large majority of the certificates were issued to subjects with intellectual disability. Patients with severe mental illnesses are probably not accessing the disability benefits optimally. This audit also points to under-representation of women as well as an overall underutilization of services by individuals with mental disability.
Does the morphology of the umbilicus influence the incidence of surgical site infections in transumbilical single-incision laparoscopic appendectomy?
Authors: Lee Dae Jun , Kim Kwang Yong , Ahn Soo Kyung , Yoon Sang Nam , Cho Ji Woong , Lee Sam Yeol , Jung Bong Hwa , Kim Byung Chun , Hwang Ji Woong 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Transumbilical laparoscopic appendectomy (TULA) may be a feasible alternative to conventional laparoscopic appendectomy. However, a transumbilical incision may increase incisional surgical site infections (SSIs) compared to conventional laparoscopic appendectomy. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the morphology of the umbilicus and the incidence of SSIs in patients who underwent TULA.

Patients and Methods:
This retrospective study analysed the medical records of consecutive patients who underwent surgery for acute appendicitis at our institution from June 2016 to October 2020. The patients were assigned to the SSI group (those with an SSI) or the non-SSI group. The morphology of the umbilicus was calculated by measuring its width and depth on preoperative computed tomography images and was compared between the SSI and non-SSI groups.

Results:
The SSI group included 23 patients, while the non-SSI group included 252 patients. The width of the umbilicus was significantly shorter in the SSI group than in the non-SSI group (29 ± 10 mm vs. 34 ± 9 mm, P = 0.027). The umbilicus was slightly deeper in the SSI group than in the non-SSI group; however, the difference was not significant (16 mm vs. 15 mm, P = 0.384).

Conclusions:
This was the first study investigating the correlation between the morphology of the umbilicus and SSI development in TULA. SSIs tended to occur more commonly in a narrow and deep umbilicus. An extension of the umbilical incision may help prevent SSI in patients with this umbilical morphology.
Surveillance of Measles Disease in Libya, 2018
Authors: Alkoshi Salem 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Measles surveillance program plays an essential role in determining disease prevalence data and outbreaks as well as monitoring the preventive activities toward measles elimination. This study illustrates epidemiological measles indicators through the national measles surveillance program in Libya in the year 2018.

Materials and Methods:
Annual measles surveillance report in 2018 was analyzed to figure out the spread of measles disease. Case-based surveillance is being implemented to notify suspected measles cases (skin rash and fever) through the measles surveillance system. The program depends on immediate notification of suspected measles cases and blood sample collection by official measles surveillance officers covered most health facilities in the country. National measles laboratory is the only official institute authorized to confirm measles cases. The characteristics such as the number of confirmed measles cases, deaths, age group, measles trends, and vaccination status were analyzed to find the indicators, as well as the incidence rate of measles cases was calculated nationwide.

Results:
Total number of measles cases was 1059 confirmed from 1852 suspected measles cases. Of confirmed cases, 339 were laboratory confirmation and 720 were epi-linked, with limited deaths (2 cases) were registered in the year. Seven outbreaks were detected in several locations. The age group of most cases (86%) was below 3 years of age group. Measles incidence was 152 per million which higher than previous years and comparable to many neighboring countries. The measles vaccine was not reached to 47% of suspected cases. Seasonality of measles was not in normal trend as it was continued high even in the summer month.

Conclusion:
A significant measles burden was shown through the measles surveillance system even though high measles vaccination coverage rate was officially documented. Supplementary immunization activities should be an essential action point to mitigate measles morbidity.
Venous lactate level as a predictor to determine the outcome in patients with acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in the emergency department
Authors: Kumar Nitesh , Verma Diwakar , Gupta Kapil , Kiran Madhu , Pareek Shatrughan , Mehta Mahish 
Published: October 2021

Introduction:
Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is occasionally seen in various clinical conditions in emergency departments (EDs). It is associated with more disease burden and mortality. Most severe patients with upper GIB (UGIB) have an increased level of lactate, whereas it is still not considering a risk predictor among the patients. The present study aimed to evaluate several levels and a cut-off value of lactate for predicting outcomes of patients with UGIB.

Materials and Methods:
The present cross-sectional observational prospective study was conducted in the ED of Max Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, over a study period of 18 months from June 2015 to December 2016. The participants selected for the study were more than 17 years old from both genders with UGIB. In the study, 300 subjects were selected by the convenient sampling method. All the analyses was done by SPSS-20.

Results:
In this study, male and female subjects were 75.7% and 24.3%, respectively. Nearly 25% of the participants were hypertensive and diabetic. The study highlighted that the mean lactate level was 4.55±2.45 mmol/L; however, the range of the lactate level was 1.4–14. Based on the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the optimum cutoff of lactate was 4.55 mmol/L, had an area under the curve of 0.905 (confidence interval: 0.861–0.949), sensitivity of 80.5%, specificity of 98.9%, and P-value of less than 0.05. Likewise, the results of this study also communicated that there was a significant positive correlation (P-value = 0.001*) between the level of lactate and the outcome of the patients. The present study also discriminated that venous lactate levels 4.55 mmol/L and above are associated with mortality and hospital stay.

Conclusion:
Findings of this research study suggested that venous lactate level is an effective predictor of patient outcome among patients with UGIB. Furthermore, early assessment and management are needed to reduced mortality and morbidity among patients with UGIB.
Impact of Internet in school-going adolescents
Authors: Jadhav Shraddha , Godara Praveen , Marwale Arun V. , Murambikar Gaurav P. , Deshmukh Deepanjali , Garg Prince 
Published: October 2021

Introduction:
Internet addiction is an online-related, compulsive behavior that interferes with normal living and causes severe stress on family, friends, loved ones, and one’s work environment. The addiction behavior becomes unmanageable, completely dominates the addict’s life, and impacts relationships and work.

Aim:
To identify the level of Internet addiction among school-going adolescents and its associated factors.

Materials and Methods:
A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among school-going adolescents of age 13–19 years in Aurangabad, Maharashtra. Stratified random sampling was adopted, and 602 students were enrolled. Individual interview and Internet addiction test (IAT), a self-report 20-item tool for adolescents and adults, were used. The content validity and reliability of the tool were established, and a pilot study was conducted.

Results:
Approximately 19.77% of students had full control of his or her usage; 67.11% of students experience frequent problems because of excessive Internet use, and 13.12% of students had significant problems because of Internet use. About 99.8% had used the Internet before, and 61.0% had their devices such as laptops (59.1%), tablets (26.1%), and cell phones (4.0%). In total, 59.5% use the Internet for entertainment and 10.3% for relieving loneliness. There was a significant association between IAT outcome and age group such that with an increase in age developed the risk of getting Internet addiction (P = 0.003).

Conclusion:
We observed that 13.12% had significant problems because of Internet use. The factors significantly associated with IAT outcome were age group, medium of education, a device to access the Internet, and whether parents know about student’s Internet activities.
Healthcare-Seeking Behavior of Parents and Guardians of School Children with Skin Diseases in Umuahia, South East Nigeria
Authors: Ewurum Odochi , Ibeneme Chikaodili Adaeze , Nnaji Thomas O. , Ikefuna Anthony Nnaemeka 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Skin disorders are often not regarded as major health problems although they may be an early sign of a serious disease. This attitude may affect the healthcare-seeking behavior of either the parents or guardians of school children that have skin diseases. Knowledge of the source of treatment and care for diseases of the skin will assist in the implementation of important skin health education programs and appropriate measures for the prevention of their diseases.

Objective:
To identify the source of accessing health care and the factors influencing healthcare-seeking behavior of parents/guardians of primary school children with diseases of the skin in Umuahia, South-East, of Nigeria.

Subjects and Methods:
This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out over a four-month period. To select the school children multistage sampling was used. A structured questionnaire administered by the interviewer was used to obtain relevant information. Diagnosis of skin disorder was by clinical examination and laboratory investigations. Analysis of the data was done using SPSS version 20.

Results:
Skin diseases were identified in 627 (40.2%) out of the 1560 primary school pupils aged 5–15 years. Of the 627 children with skin diseases 423 (67.4%) sought health care outside the hospital while only 204 (32.6%) sought medical care in the hospital. Long waiting time (31.0%) and cost of hospital care (26.6%) were observed to be the most frequent reasons for not seeking medical care from the hospital.

Conclusion:
About two-third of parents/guardians of school children with skin diseases access health care outside the hospital. Cost of care and waiting time should be reduced to enable access to hospital care.
Determinants of Nigerian Medical Doctors' Willingness to Practice in Foreign Countries
Authors: Ramalan Mansur A. , Garba Rayyan M. 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Despite the poor doctor–patient ratio in Nigeria, which is far below the World Health Organization's recommendation, Nigerian doctors are known to contribute a significant proportion of the medical workforce in other countries, especially in the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States of America (USA).

Aim:
This study aimed to assess Nigerian medical doctors' willingness to practice in foreign countries, as well as the possible push and pull factors contributing to this brain drain.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted, and 329 medical doctors were selected from a list of doctors who were attending the Annual Delegates Meeting of the Nigerian Medical Association, using a systematic random sampling technique. A semistructured self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain the information from the selected respondents.

Results:
All selected respondents agreed to participate in the study. The mean age of the participants was 41.4 ± 6.3 years, 85.9% of them being males and 75.7% being Christians. About 36% of the respondents had medical fellowship, 31.6% were resident doctors, and 16.4% had only an MBBS degree. The median duration of practice was 12 years, and the median monthly income was N420,000.000. About 72.9% of the respondents were willing to practice in foreign countries if given the opportunity, 29.2% of whom preferred the USA, 25.1% preferred the UK, and 15.7 preferred Australia. Among those not willing to practice in foreign countries, 48.3% preferred working in Nigeria despite all the challenges and 32.2% was due to family and other personal reasons. Among those willing to practice in foreign countries, about 66.3% was due to poor financial incentives/working environment, 46.5% due to insecurity, and 38% due to inter-professional rivalry in the health sector. The following factors were found to be independent (intrinsic) determinants of willingness to practice in a foreign country: Geopolitical zone of origin, highest educational qualifications, duration of practice, and average monthly income.

Conclusion:
It is a big threat to the Nigerian health system for the majority of its doctors to be willing to leave the country. Hence, the need for governments at all levels to, as a matter of urgency, address the factors responsible for this drive.
Disclosure of Human Immune Deficiency Virus Status to Infected Children at a Tertiary Hospital in North-Western Nigeria
Authors: Nwankwo Bilkisu , Oluchukwu John Alexander , Usman Nafisat Ohunene 
Published: October 2021

Background:
With the advent of highly active anti-retroviral therapy, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children are surviving into adolescence and adulthood. Disclosure of HIV-positive status is important for the life-long management of HIV. However, disclosing HIV-positive status is a challenging task due to the associated blame, shame, and potential stigma.

Aim:
The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of disclosure to HIV-infected children and associated factors in a tertiary hospital in North-west Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out. Fifty-two parents/caregivers were interviewed using a pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire had three sections: sociodemographic characteristics of caregivers, child's profile, and determinants of disclosure of HIV status. Data were collected and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 21, and results were presented using the tables. The Chi-square test was used to test for the association. Fisher's exact test was used where conditions for the Chi-square test were not met. P < 0.05 was statistically significant.

Results:
The prevalence of disclosure of HIV-positive status to HIV-infected children was 32.7%. Children's age (P = 0.003) and their level of education (P = <0.001) had significant associations with the disclosure. The most common (9, 52.9%) reason given for disclosure was persistent questioning of caregivers about reasons for taking medication despite not being ill.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of HIV status disclosure to HIV-positive children was low in this study. Health-care workers can provide support to encourage and better prepare parents/caregivers for the process of disclosure.