bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An octahedral cobalt(iii) complex based on cheap 1,2-phenylenediamine as a bifunctional metal-templated hydrogen bond donor catalyst for fixation of CO2 with epoxides under ambient conditions
Authors: Emelyanov Mikhail A. , Stoletova Nadezhda V. , Lisov Alexey A. , Medvedev Michael G. , Smol'yakov Alexander F. , Maleev Victor I. , Larionov Vladimir A. 
Published: June 2021

An octahedral cobalt(iii) complex based on cheap 1,2-phenylenediamine operates as an efficient bifunctional hydrogen bond donor catalyst in cycloaddition of epoxides with CO2 under ambient conditions and solvent- and co-catalyst-free conditions.
New Trends in Scientific and Technological revolution (STR) and Transformation of Science and Education Systems in the Paradigm of Sustainable Development
Authors: Yakovleva Olena , Slyusar Vadym , Kushnir Olga , Sabovchyk Antonina 
Published: June 2021

Education and science play a key role in the vision and development of a fair, peaceful and sustainable society (global, continental, regional and national). Education is one of the crucial preconditions for the implementation of the UN global strategy “Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development” (“Agenda 2030”). Agenda 2030 sets practical challenges for governments to transform the education system (Education for Sustainable Development).
Developments in the field of artificial intelligence (AI), robotics and intelligent systems are developing rapidly right now, purely now bring benefits (and, at the same time – probable danger and harm), directly now – significantly determine our existence – and will soon determine even more.
When universities argue that 4IR should be given strong and close attention, it means that they can no longer rely only on traditional forms of human thinking and imagination, but also need thinking that depends on algorithmic computations of machines or forms of technology. In this sense, 4IR has changed not only what we do and how we do it, but also who we have become.
The mission of the universities of the XXI century is to form a developed personality, a person of high cultural level, who can act in a situation characterized by significant environmental risks.
Educational institutions must be transformed and improved as institutions that must create and strengthen a safe, non-violent, inclusive and effective learning environment for all members of society. Which, in the end, will help to achieve success in cooperation at all levels – both in education and science, and in society in general.
Covid-19 containment policies in Nigeria: the role of conflictual federal–state relations in the fight against the pandemic
Authors: Aniche Ernest Toochi , Iwuoha Victor Chidubem , Obi Kelechukwu Charles 
Published: June 2021

SUMMARY
This briefing explores how the administrative fight against Covid-19 in Nigeria, particularly the conflictual political economy of federalism in this mono-product/oil-dependent economy, has shaped the making and implementation of virus containment policies and strategies. The analysis shows that the disconnects between the federal and state governments have blocked a harmonised and coordinated containment response. Instead, the measures to manage the pandemic have worsened the already highly conflictual – as well as dependent and centripetal – intergovernmental fiscal relations between federal and state governments, and among state governments.
Oxygen vacancy engineering of TaO
x
-based resistive memories by Zr doping for improved variability and synaptic behavior
Authors: Palhares João H Quintino , Beilliard Yann , Alibart Fabien , Bonturim Everton , de Florio Daniel Z , Fonseca Fabio C , Drouin Dominique , Ferlauto Andre S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Resistive switching (RS) devices are promising forms of non-volatile memory. However, one of the biggest challenges for RS memory applications is the device-to-device (D2D) variability, which is related to the intrinsic stochastic formation and configuration of oxygen vacancy (VO) conductive filaments (CFs). In order to reduce the D2D variability, control over the formation and configuration of oxygen vacancies is paramount. In this study, we report on the Zr doping of TaO
x
-based RS devices prepared by pulsed-laser deposition as an efficient means of reducing the VO formation energy and increasing the confinement of CFs, thus reducing D2D variability. Our findings were supported by XPS, spectroscopic ellipsometry and electronic transport analysis. Zr-doped films showed increased VO concentration and more localized VOs, due to the interaction with Zr. DC and pulse mode electrical characterization showed that the D2D variability was decreased by a factor of seven, the resistance window was doubled, and a more gradual and monotonic long-term potentiation/depression in pulse switching was achieved in forming-free Zr:TaO
x
devices, thus displaying promising performance for artificial synapse applications.
On persistence properties in weighted spaces for solutions of the fractional Korteweg–de Vries equation
Authors: Riaño Oscar 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Persistence problems in weighted spaces have been studied for different dispersive models involving non-local operators. Generally, these models do not propagate polynomial weights of arbitrary magnitude, and the maximum decay rate is associated with the dispersive part of the equation. Altogether, this analysis is complemented by unique continuation principles that determine optimal spatial decay. This work is intended to establish the above questions for a weakly dispersive perturbation of the inviscid Burgers equation. More precisely, we consider the fractional Korteweg–de Vries equation, which comprises the Burgers–Hilbert equation and dispersive effects weaker than those of the Benjamin–Ono equation.
Method of nose stretching in Newton’s problem of minimal resistance
Authors: Plakhov Alexander 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We consider the problem

inf

∫

∫

Ω

(

1
+
|
∇
u

(

x

1

,

x

2

)

|

2

)

−
1

d

x

1

d

x

2

:

the

function

u
:
Ω
→
R

is

concave

and

0
⩽
u

(

x

)

⩽
M
for

all

x
=

(

x

1

,

x

2

)

∈
Ω
=

{

|
x
|
⩽
1

}

(Newton’s problem) and its generalizations. In the paper by Brock, Ferone, and Kawohl (1996) it is proved that if a solution u is C
2 in an open set

U
⊂
Ω

then  det  D
2
u = 0 in

U

. It follows that graph

(

u

)

U

does not contain extreme points of the subgraph of u. In this paper we prove a somewhat stronger result. Namely, there exists a solution u possessing the following property. If u is C
1 in an open set

U
⊂
Ω

then graph

(

u

U

)

does not contain extreme points of the convex body C

u
= {(x, z): x ∈ Ω, 0 ⩽ z ⩽ u(x)}. As a consequence, we have

C

u

=
C
o
n
v

(

Sing

C

u

̄

)

, where SingC

u
denotes the set of singular points of ∂C

u
. We prove a similar result for a generalization of Newton’s problem.
Computing Garsia entropy for Bernoulli convolutions with algebraic parameters
*
Authors: Hare Kevin G , Kempton Tom , Persson Tomas , Sidorov Nikita 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We introduce a parameter space containing all algebraic integers β ∈ (1, 2] that are not Pisot or Salem numbers, and a sequence of increasing piecewise continuous function on this parameter space which gives a lower bound for the Garsia entropy of the Bernoulli convolution ν

β
. This allows us to show that  dimH(ν

β
) = 1 for all β with representations in certain open regions of the parameter space.
Ground states for fractional linear coupled systems via profile decomposition
*
Authors: de Albuquerque José Carlos , Ferraz Diego , Silva Edcarlos D 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this work we study existence and nonexistence of weak and ground state (least energy) solutions for a class of nonlocal linearly coupled elliptic systems. We deal with nonautonomous nonlinearities that may not satisfy any kind of monotonicity, also the related potentials may not have any kind of smoothness. In order to obtain ground states, instead of applying the well known methods of Nehari–Pohozaev manifold, we introduce new arguments and techniques whose are based on a Pohozaev type identity, a concentration-compactness principle and a profile decomposition type result.
Hybrid stars in the light of the merging event GW170817
Authors: Parisi Alessandro , Vásquez Flores C. , Lenzi C. Henrique , Chen Chian-Shu , Lugones Germán 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We study quark-hadron hybrid stars with sharp phase transitions assuming that phase conversions at the interface are slow. Hadronic matter is described by a set of equations of state (EoS) based on the chiral effective field theory and quark matter by a generic bag model. Due to slow conversions at the interface, there is an extended region of stable hybrid stars with central densities above the density of the maximum mass star. We explore systematically the role of the transition pressure and the energy-density jump Δϵ at the interface on some global properties of hybrid stars, such as the maximum mass, the last stable configuration, and tidal deformabilities. We find that for a given transition pressure, the radius of the last stable hybrid star decreases as Δϵ raises resulting in a larger extended branch of stable hybrid stars. Contrary to purely hadronic stars, the tidal deformability Λ can be either a decreasing or an increasing function of the stellar mass M and for large values of the transition pressure has a very weak dependence on M. Finally, we analyze the tidal deformabilities Λ1 and Λ2 for a binary system with the same chirp mass as GW170817. In the scenario where at least one of the stars in the binary is hybrid, we find that models with low enough transition pressure are inside the 90 % credible region of GW170817. However, these models have maximum masses below 2 M⊙, in disagreement with observations. We also find that the LIGO/Virgo constrain (at 90% level) and the 2 M⊙ requirement can be simultaneously fulfilled in a scenario where all hybrid configurations have masses larger than 1.6 M⊙ and the hadronic EoS is not too stiff, such as several of our hybrid models involving a hadronic EoS of intermediate stiffness. In such scenario hybrid stars may exist in Nature but both objects in GW170817 were hadronic stars.
Increased detector response in optical overfilled measurements due to gas lens formation by nitrogen flow through the entrance aperture
Authors: Askola J , Maham K , Kärhä P , Ikonen E 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
According to our experimental results, a nitrogen flow used to prevent dust and moisture entering a detector may influence measurements performed with trap detectors in overfilled conditions. A stable light source was measured with a wedged trap detector with 4 mm aperture, and the nitrogen flow rate was varied. The nitrogen flow was found to have the largest effect of up to 0.8% on the responsivity of the detector at around 1.0 l min−1 flow rate. The effect of nitrogen flow can be removed down to 0.02% by an added crossflow which removes the nitrogen out of the optical axis. In another experiment, the effect was removed almost completely by changing the flowing gas from nitrogen to synthetic dry air. We also present measurement results that indicate the responsivity changes with nitrogen to be smaller than 0.05% with underfilled beam geometry, even without the added crossflow. Based on simulations, the nitrogen flow through the detector forms a gradient-index type gas lens in front of the detector increasing the effective aperture area and thus the responsivity. In the underfilled measurement geometry there is no light close to the aperture edge which could be refracted inside the detector. Finally, we consider methods to ensure that the responsivity changes due to the gas flow remain below 0.05% in overfilled measurement geometry, without compromising the cleanliness of the detector with too small gas flow rate.
Land carbon-concentration and carbon-climate feedbacks are significantly reduced by nitrogen and phosphorus limitation
Authors: Ziehn T , Wang Y-P , Huang Y 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We quantify the impact of nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) limitation on land carbon uptake and the sensitivity of this uptake to atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations (land carbon-concentration feedback) and surface air temperature (land-carbon climate feedback). We analyse simulations of the Australian Earth System Model (ACCESS-ESM1.5) with a prescribed 1% yr−1 CO2 increase in three different configurations: (1) without nutrient limitation, (2) with nitrogen limitation only and (3) with nitrogen and phosphorus limitation combined. Our results suggest a reduction in land carbon uptake and feedback strength of about 30% by including nitrogen limitation only. This reduction agrees well with the ensemble mean of models with and without nitrogen limitation from the sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). By adding phosphorus limitation to our model, the response is even stronger with a further 50% reduction for the carbon-concentration feedback and a further 75% reduction for the carbon-climate feedback. We find that the feedback strength in all three nutrient configurations is mostly determined by vegetation productivity (i.e. Net Primary Production) with little contribution from soil heterotrophic respiration. Our simulations show that nutrient limitation has the largest impact in the northern mid latitudes (around 50∘), reducing land carbon uptake by about 50% when accounting for nitrogen and phosphorus limitation combined. The strong response of land carbon uptake and feedback strength to nutrients in our model simulations underlines the importance of including both nitrogen and phosphorus limitation in other Earth System Models in order to derive better estimates of future land carbon uptake and to assess the effectiveness of land-based carbon mitigation.
Non-growing season plant nutrient uptake controls Arctic tundra vegetation composition under future climate
Authors: Riley William J , Mekonnen Zelalem A , Tang Jinyun , Zhu Qing , Bouskill Nicholas J , Grant Robert F 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Plant growth and distribution in high-latitude tundra ecosystems is strongly limited by nutrient availability and is critical for quantifying centennial-scale carbon-climate interactions. However, land model representations of plant–nutrient interactions are uncertain, leading to poor comparisons with high-latitude observations. Although it has been recognized for decades in the observational community that plants continue to acquire nutrients well past when aboveground activity has ceased, most large-scale land models ignore this process. Here we address the role tundra plant nutrient acquisition during the non-growing season (NGS) has on centennial-scale vegetation growth and dynamics, with a focus on shrub expansion. We apply a well-tested mechanistic model of coupled plant, microbial, hydrological, and thermal dynamics that explicitly represents nutrient acquisition based on plant and microbial traits, thereby allowing a prognostic assessment of NGS nutrient uptake. We first show that the model accurately represents observed seasonality of NGS plant nutrient uptake in a northern Alaskan tundra site. Applying the model across the North America tundra indicates that NGS nutrient uptake is consistent with observations and ranges between ∼5% and 50% of annual uptake, with large spatial variability and dependence on plant functional type. We show that NGS plant nutrient acquisition strongly enhances modeled 21st century tundra shrub growth and expansion rates. Our results suggest that without NGS nutrient uptake, total shrub aboveground dominance would be ∼50% lower, limited primarily by their inability to grow tall enough to maximize their inherent capacity for light competition. Evergreen shrubs would be more strongly affected because of their relatively lower capacity for nutrient remobilization and acquisition compared to deciduous shrubs. Our results highlight the importance of NGS plant and soil processes on high-latitude biogeochemistry and vegetation dynamics and motivate new observations and model structures to represent these dynamics.
Relationship of population migration, crop production pattern, and socioeconomic development: evidence from the early 21st century
Authors: Zhang Yajie , Zhao Jie , Yan Yuxing , Shi Yu , Yu Qiang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Global crop production and population distributions have undergone great changes under climate change and socioeconomic development, and have drawn considerable public attention. How to explain the similarity of the migration patterns of crop yield and population density for different countries/regions is still uncertain and worth studying. Here, we estimated the similarity between migrations of main crop caloric yield (i.e. maize, rice, wheat, and soybean) and population density using Fréchet distance, and investigated the regression relationship between Fréchet distance and related climatic and socioeconomic variables for countries/regions with different economic development stages. The results indicated that different countries/regions showed different Fréchet distances during 2000–2015, with a maximum value of 24.44 for Russia and a minimum value of 0.11 for Georgia. For countries/regions with different economic development stages, the built regression models can explain 39%–93% of the variability in the Fréchet distance. Log(land area), log(GDP), and log(land area under cereal production) were always included in regression models and had higher importance in explaining the variability of Fréchet distance. For the model for all countries/regions, both the log(land area) and log(GDP per capita) may positively link to the Fréchet distance. Possible reasons for these results are that countries/regions with high GDP (or GDP per capita) may ease the conflict of land resources between humans and crops to achieve agricultural industrialization, which causes the far connection of the migrations for crop caloric yield and population density. The complicated interactions of crop production, population dynamic, and socioeconomic development should be given greater attention in the future.
Novel negative capacitance, conductance at high and low frequencies in Au/Polypyrrole –MWCNT composite /TiO2/Al2O3/n-Si structure
Authors: Ashery A , Gaballah A E H , M Ahmed Emad 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The paper presents a new approach based on the appearance of negative capacitance (NC) at high and low frequencies; previously, researchers agreed that NC only occurred at high or low frequencies. For the first time, we synthesized Au/polypyrrole/MWCNT composite/TiO2/Al2O3/n-Si/Al structure for use in electronic and supercapacitor applications. The structural, electrical, and dielectric properties were investigated by x-ray diffraction, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, I-V, and C-V measurements. The results revealed that for all working voltages and temperatures, negative capacitance and conductance occurred at high frequencies between 2 × 107 and 107 Hz. Similarly, the phenomena of negative capacitance occurred at low frequencies (100, 10) Hz. The capacitance-voltage experiments were used to perform the analysis of the variation of capacitance and conductance with frequency, voltage, and temperature. The polypyrrole, MWCNT composite /TiO2/Al2O3/n-Si structure exhibits diode behavior and has a high rectification ratio. I-V measurements were used to investigate ideality factors, barrier height, series and shunt resistance#, and rectification ratio.
Application of an integrated computational antibody engineering platform to design SARS-CoV-2 neutralizers
Authors: Riahi Saleh , Lee Jae Hyeon , Wei Shuai , Cost Robert , Masiero Alessandro , Prades Catherine , Olfati-Saber Reza , Wendt Maria , Park Anna , Qiu Yu , Zhou Yanfeng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread, hundreds of new initiatives including studies on existing medicines are running to fight the disease. To deliver a potentially immediate and lasting treatment to current and emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, new collaborations and ways of sharing are required to create as many paths forward as possible. Here we leverage our expertise in computational antibody engineering to rationally design/engineer three previously reported SARS-CoV neutralizing antibodies and share our proposal towards anti-SARS-CoV-2 biologics therapeutics. SARS-CoV neutralizing antibodies, m396, 80R, and CR-3022 were chosen as templates due to their diversified epitopes and confirmed neutralization potency against SARS-CoV (but not SARS-CoV-2 except for CR3022). Structures of variable fragment (Fv) in complex with receptor binding domain (RBD) from SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2 were subjected to our established in silico antibody engineering platform to improve their binding affinity to SARS-CoV-2 and developability profiles. The selected top mutations were ensembled into a focused library for each antibody for further screening. In addition, we convert the selected binders with different epitopes into the trispecific format, aiming to increase potency and to prevent mutational escape. Lastly, to avoid antibody induced virus activation or enhancement, we suggest application of NNAS and DQ mutations to the Fc region to eliminate effector functions and extend half-life.
Becoming Henry James
Authors: Mizruchi Susan L. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
‘Becoming Henry James’ presents a biography of Henry James and his family. It also details the start of his writing career that would establish him as among the great fictionalizers of women’s experience and foremost novelists in English. Among the first literary authors to navigate the international publishing scene effectively, James managed to profit from the security of American copyright law and the ambiguity of British law. However, his relationship to the literary marketplace was characteristically ambivalent. What did assist James’s career immensely was the growth of the publishing industry in the post–Civil War period, especially periodical publishing, catalyzed by the expansion and professionalization of advertising.
Evaluation of Cytologic Sample Preparations for Compatibility With Nucleic Acid Analysis
Authors: Sorber Laure , Claes Bart , Zwaenepoel Karen , Van Dorst Bieke , De Winne Koen , Fransen Els , Wener Reinier , Lapperre Therese , Lardon Filip , Pauwels Patrick 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives
In this study, the influence of several key elements of the cytologic sample workflow on DNA and RNA content was evaluated.

Methods
The A549 cell line, patient-derived organoids, and pleural effusions were used to investigate the effect of (1) several collection media and delayed time to processing; (2) cytology specimens; (3) cytologic staining; and (4) formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) cell block processing on nucleic acid quality and quantity as determined by fragment analyzer, Qubit analysis (Thermo Fisher Scientific), and quantitative polymerase chain reaction–based analysis on the Idylla platform (Biocartis).

Results
Alcohol-based collection media (CytoRich Red [Thermo Fisher Scientific] and EtOH95%) displayed high DNA and RNA preservation capacity, while phosphate-buffered saline and, to a lesser extent, formalin were associated with high RNA quality. Cytospin and smear cytology specimens were subject to DNA and RNA loss. Cytologic staining had no further impact on sample quality, hence destaining is not necessary. Both H&E-stained and unstained FFPE sections are compatible with nucleic acid analysis, despite a strong decrease in DNA and RNA quality.

Conclusions
Although several key elements of the cytologic sample workflow have an influence on DNA and RNA quality and quantity, the selection of these elements is also dependent on the downstream (ancillary) testing methods.