bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of multiple sclerosis-related pathways through the integration of genomic and proteomic data
Authors: Everest Elif , Ülgen Ege , Uygunoglu Ugur , Tutuncu Melih , Saip Sabahattin , Sezerman Osman Uğur , Siva Aksel , Tahir Turanli Eda 
Published: September 2021

Background
Multiple sclerosis (MS) has a complex pathophysiology, variable clinical presentation, and unpredictable prognosis; understanding the underlying mechanisms requires combinatorial approaches that warrant the integration of diverse molecular omics data.

Methods
Here, we combined genomic and proteomic data of the same individuals among a Turkish MS patient group to search for biologically important networks. We previously identified differentially-expressed proteins by cerebrospinal fluid proteome analysis of 179 MS patients and 42 non-MS controls. Among this study group, 11 unrelated MS patients and 60 independent, healthy controls were subjected to whole-genome SNP genotyping, and genome-wide associations were assessed. Pathway enrichment analyses of MS-associated SNPs and differentially-expressed proteins were conducted using the functional enrichment tool, PANOGA.

Results
Nine shared pathways were detected between the genomic and proteomic datasets after merging and clustering the enriched pathways. Complement and coagulation cascade was the most significantly associated pathway (hsa04610, P = 6.96 × 10−30). Other pathways involved in neurological or immunological mechanisms included adherens junctions (hsa04520, P = 6.64 × 10−25), pathogenic Escherichia coli infection (hsa05130, P = 9.03 × 10−14), prion diseases (hsa05020, P = 5.13 × 10−13).

Conclusion
We conclude that integrating multiple datasets of the same patients helps reducing false negative and positive results of genome-wide SNP associations and highlights the most prominent cellular players among the complex pathophysiological mechanisms.
Impact of umbilical cord arterial pH, gestational age, and birth weight on neurodevelopmental outcomes for preterm neonates
Authors: Malak Roksana , Sikorska Dorota , Rosołek Marta , Baum Ewa , Mojs Ewa , Daroszewski Przemysław , Matecka Monika , Fechner Brittany , Samborski Włodzimierz 
Published: September 2021

Background
The aim of this study was to determine the impact of umbilical cord arterial pH, gestational age, and birth weight on neurodevelopmental outcomes for preterm neonates.

Methods
We examined 112 neonates. Inclusion criteria were: Saturations greater than 88%, and heart rates between 100–205 beats per minute.

Measurements
We assessed several neurodevelopmental factors as part of the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS), 4th edition, such as asymmetric tonic neck reflex (ATNR), motor maturity, response to sensory stimuli, habituation, and state regulation. Initial assessment parameters such as APGAR score and umbilical cord arterial pH were used to assess neonates.

Results
We found a strong correlation between the presence of the sucking reflex and umbilical cord arterial pH (r = 0.32; p = 0.018981). Umbilical cord arterial pH was also correlated with the presence of asymmetric tonic neck reflex (r = 0.27; p = 0.047124), cost of attention (r = 0.31; p = 0.025381) and general motor maturity (r = 0.34; p = 0.011741).

Conclusions
We found that the sucking reflex may be affected in infants with low umbilical cord arterial pH values. Practitioners and parents can use the NBAS to help determine neurodevelopmental factors and outcomes in preterm infants, possibly leading to safer and more effective feeding practices and interventions.
The LEAF questionnaire is a good screening tool for the identification of the Female Athlete Triad/Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport among young football players
Authors: Łuszczki Edyta , Jagielski Pawel , Bartosiewicz Anna , Kuchciak Maciej , Dereń Katarzyna , Stolarczyk Artur , Pakosz Paweł , Oleksy Lukasz 
Published: September 2021

Background
It has been noticed that Female Athlete Triad (Fat) and Relative Energy Deficiency (Red-S) in Sport are characterized by the symptoms of impaired endocrine-metabolic function and bone health in female athletes. In addition, it may be evaluated with a qualitative tool, such as Low Energy Availability in Females questionnaire (LEAF-Q) and quantitative measurements: bone mineral density (BMD), resting energy expenditure (REE), body composition, 24-hour dietary recall.

Methods
The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of Triad and Red-S using the LEAF-Q in youth female football players. Additionally, the difference in the BMD, body composition, REE and energy intake (EI) were assessed between the Triad/Red-S risk and not at-risk groups.

Results
Almost two thirds (64.7%) of participants are classified as being at-risk for the triad according to their LEAF-Q scores. There were no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) between most of the values among children from the analyzed groups. There was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) between the EI values among girls from the two analyzed groups: at-risk (1,773.18 kcal ± 232.57) and not at-risk (2,054.00 kcal ± 191.39). Girls who did not meet the energy intake recommendations were 10.00 as likely to be in the Triad/Red-S risk group.

Conclusion
Early identification of Fat/Red-S symptoms by screening tools such as the LEAF questionnaire is important in protecting young athletes from long-term damage due to the progression of the risk factors associated with the Fat/Red-S.
Constraints Perceived by Veterinarians of Tamil Nadu State of India in Providing Veterinary Services
Authors: Sangameswaran R. , Sasidhar P. V. K. , Ramesh K. 
Published: September 2021

Objective: To determine the constraints faced by veterinarians in rendering services to the livestock farmers.
Study Design: Ex-post facto study design
Methodology: Data were collected from the Veterinarians in State Department of Animal Husbandry (SDAH) of Tamil Nadu, India during the year 2019 through pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire and Garret ranking was used for analyzing the data. A total of 36 constraints were identified through focused group discussion and included in the questionnaire under different heads viz., Organizational, Job content Psychological, Institutional and Information delivery and administrative related constraints.
Results: The results revealed that inadequacy of front line officers, arbitrary fixation of targets, less avenue for promotions, inadequate supporting staff and inadequate research extension linkages were identified as the major constraints that hinders the service delivery.
Conclusion: this study suggested that the effectiveness of service could be further accentuated if the policy makers address the above constraints by strengthening research extension linkage, filling up of vacancies, down top approach in planning pro-poor livestock development policies with due recognition to the veterinarians.
Effects of Age and Sex on the Healing of Acetic-Acid Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Adult Wistar Rats
Authors: Ige Serah F. , Aremu Waliyat O. , Olateju Bolade S. , Oladipupo Victor A. , Adekola Adedayo T. 
Published: September 2021

Aims: Ulcerative colitis is a disease of the bowel that occurs in all ages and affects both males and females. This research study was designed to investigate the effect of age and sex on the healing of colitis in rats.
Methodology: Twenty - eight rats were randomly distributed into four groups of seven animals per group; adult male rats, mid age male rats, adult female rats and mid age female rats. Mid age and adult Wistar rats were 7- 8weeks and 14 weeks old respectively. Colitis was induced through a single intra-colonic instillation of 7% acetic acid (1mL/100g body weight) and allowed to heal for 14 days. Blood samples were obtained for analysis. Colon samples were also obtained for histomorphological study and biochemical assays (Myeloperoxidase activities, Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione, Catalase and Malondialdehyde) levels.
Results: There was no significant difference in Malondialdehyde concentration, catalase, Superoxide dismutase, Myeloperoxidase, Platelet Distribution Width, Platelet Count, Basophil cell numbers, Eosinophil cell numbers, platelet cells, Mean Platelet Volume , Mean Cell Volume and white blood cells across the groups. The Glutathione concentration in mid age male rats was significantly increased when compared with adult male rats. The haemoglobin , Lymphocytes and Mean Cell Haemoglobin levels were increased while neutrophils and monocyte levels were decreased in the younger female rats. The histomorphological study revealed poorly preserved surface epithelia layer of the colon in adult male rats while mid age male and female rats showed moderately preserved surface epithelia layer, adult female rats showed normal surface epithelia layer.
Conclusion: Mid age rats heal faster than adult rats while in terms of sex, female rats tends to heal faster than male rats.
Assessment of Biomarkers in Patients Co-Infected with HIV/HBV Attending the Antiretroviral Clinic in a Tertiary Institution
Authors: Baeka G. B. , Isong G. A. , Piakor B. N. 
Published: September 2021

Aim: The level of some biomarkers such as the Lipid profiles and some liver enzymes were checked for in patients who were found to be co infected with HIV/HBV
Study Design: The study was conducted among patients infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus attending the antiretroviral clinic at the Braith Waite memorial hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State. The samples and relevant data were gotten between the months of January and March 2019, using a structured questionnaire
Methodology: The Samples were collected from patients infected with HIV attending the Braith Waite memorial hospital on antiretroviral medication. A total number of 98 samples were collected and analyzed for the presence of HBV IgM core antibody using the ELISA method. The statistical analysis was done using a Stata version 16 and the student T-test was used to determine the P value. A total of 98 samples were collected, 66(67.3%) were females and 32(32.6%) of them were males. Of the 98 samples, 5 (5.1%) of them were positive to HIV/HBV co infection of which 3(3.1%) were females and 2(2%) were males. The age range for those co infected was between 29 – 34 years old. The lipid profile and liver enzymes for the positive samples were analyzed. The result showed an increase in the level of LDL, HDL and triglyceride. The analysis for the liver enzymes showed an increase in the level of AST and ALP while the ALT and GGT remained within the healthy range. The increase in the level of most of the biomarkers, showed that the patients co infected with HIV/HBV were at risk of heart and kidney diseases since they are already immunocompromised. From this result, it shows that patients who are HIV positive should undergo HBV test regularly. Those who are positive should have their biomarkers monitored and put under medication early.
Spatial Evaluation of Health Risk due to Inhalation of PM2.5 Pollutants in the Metropolitan Areas of Toluca Valley and Mexico Valley
Authors: Díaz-Godoy Raúl Venancio , López-Monroy José , Moreno-Alcántara Jaime , Castellanos-Moguel Judith , Nuñez-Cardona María Teresa , Sierra-Vargas Martha Patricia , Aztatzi-Aguilar Octavio Gamaliel , Flores-Ortiz Angélica 
Published: September 2021

Aims: In the present work, health risk from inhalation of PM2.5 pollutants in both areas was assessed spatially
Place and Duration of Study: The metropolitan areas of the Toluca (MATV) and Mexico Valleys (MAMV), between September and November 2009.
Methodology: A simultaneous sampling campaign was conducted in the Toluca and Mexico Valleys on alternate days from September-22 to November-29, 2009. From the samples collected, their gravimetric concentration was obtained, and S, Cl, K, Ca Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb were determined using the particle-induced X-ray emission technique (PIXE).
Results: The health risk by inhalation of PM2.5 with a higher result for the metropolitan area of the Toluca Valley (2.09 for adults, 6.25 for children from 6-12 years old, and 6.58 for children from 2-6 years old) in contrast with that of the metropolitan area of the Mexico Valley (1.67 for adults, 5.20 for children from 6-12 years old, and 5.28 for children from 2-6 years old).
Conclusion: These results are perhaps due to the higher concentration of Cl and Mn for the MATV. Additionally, the air parcels from sampling site MAMV go to MATV and thus contributes to an increased health risk from inhalation of PM2.5. There are health risks for the inhalation of PM2.5 in the MATV and MAMV study areas. The risk only considers the elemental risk. There are no similar studies for this comparison between MATV and MAMV in the literature.
“ hv-Energy Packet floating in Front of the Wave Beam” Hybrid Structure of Photon and its Self-Interference in the Single Photon Double-Slits Experiment
Authors: Chen Sennian 
Published: September 2021

In the single photon double slits experiment, what mechanism makes the interference? Whether it is owing to the external factor or the photon has a special structure it can interfere photon itself to make the interference pattern? Because the photon is a quantum of EM radiation as Einstein proposed, so we start the study from an EM wave beam (an EM radiation). Under the demand of the symmetry and quantization, we found the wave beam is certainly circular polarized and covered by a side membrane. There is a pair of ± charges ±q and the circular tension distributes double helically along the side membrane. Quantization of charges requires ( k=2.3,...). Mechanical equilibrium among the helical distributed or, tension and the circular polarized EM field inside construct a steady structure to keep the quantized EM beam integrity, shape and size. Its energy hv concentrates in a cylindrical packet of radius R max and length , named -(energy) packet. With the aid of Einstein theory of spontaneous emission, we proved that the photon is consisted of the energy packet and accompany with a conical - (EM) wave beam; -packet floats in front of the -wave. It is such hybrid structure that makes photon self interference in the double slits experiment.
Inherently UV Photodegradable Poly(methacrylate) Gels
Authors: Scheiger Johannes M. , Li Shuai , Brehm Marius , Bartschat Andreas , Theato Patrick , Levkin Pavel A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOrganogels (hydrophobic polymer gels) are soft materials based on polymeric networks swollen in organic solvents. They are hydrophobic and possess a high content of solvent and low surface adhesion, rendering them interesting in applications such as encapsulants, drug delivery, actuators, slippery surfaces (self‐cleaning, anti‐waxing, anti‐bacterial), or for oil‐water separation. To design functional organogels, strategies to control their shape and surface structure are required. Herein, the inherent UV photodegradability of poly(methacrylate) organogels is reported. No additional photosensitizers are required to efficiently degrade organogels (d ≈ 1 mm) on the minute scale. A low UV absorbance and a high swelling ability of the solvent infusing the organogel are found to be beneficial for fast photodegradation, which is expected to be transferrable to other gel photochemistry. Organogel arrays, films, and structured organogel surfaces are prepared, and their extraction ability and slippery properties are examined. Films of inherently photodegradable organogels on copper circuit boards serve as the first ever positive gel photoresist. Spatially photodegraded organogel films protect or reveal copper surfaces against an etchant (FeCl3 aq.).
3D Interconnected Conductive Graphite Nanoplatelet Welded Carbon Nanotube Networks for Stretchable Conductors
Authors: Zhang Fei , Ren Danhui , Huang Lingqi , Zhang Yinhang , Sun Yuxuan , Liu Dan , Zhang Qi , Feng Wei , Zheng Qingbin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractStretchable conductors with stable electrical conductivity under harsh mechanical deformations are essential for developing next generation portable and flexible wearable electronics. To achieve both high stretchability and conductivity with electromechanical stability, highly stretchable conductors based on 3D interconnected conductive graphite nanoplatelet welded carbon nanotube (GNP‐w‐CNT) networks are fabricated by welding the junctions of CNTs using GNPs followed by infiltrating with poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). It is observed that GNPs can weld the adjacent CNTs to facilitate the formation of continuous conductive pathways and avoid interfacial slippage under repetitive stretching. The enhanced interfacial bonding enables the conductor both high electrical conductivity (>132 S m−1) and high stretchability (>150% strain) while ensuring long‐term stability (1000 stretching‐releasing cycles under 60% tensile strain). To demonstrate the outstanding flexibility and electrical stability, a flexible and stretchable light‐emitting diode circuit with stable performance during stretching, bending, twisting, and pressing conditions is further fabricated. The unique welding mechanism can be easily extended to other material systems to broaden the application of stretchable conductors to a myriad of new applications.
DNA Logic Circuits for Multiple Tumor Cells Identification Using Intracellular MicroRNA Molecular Bispecific Recognition
Authors: Yang Qiqi , Yang Fan , Dai Wenhao , Meng Xiangdan , Wei Wei , Cheng Yaru , Dong Jinhong , Lu Huiting , Dong Haifeng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe aberrant expression level of intracellular microRNAs (miRNAs) holds great promise for differentiating cell types at the molecular level. However, cell subtype discrimination based on a single miRNA molecular level is not sufficient and reliable. Herein, multiple identifiable and reporting modules are integrated into a single DNA circuit for multiple cancer cell subtypes identification based on miRNAs bispecific recognition. The DNA three‐dimensional (3D) logic gate nano‐hexahedron framework extends three recognition modules and three reporting modules to form three “AND” logic gates. Each Boolean operator “AND” returns an “ON” signal in the presence of bispecific miRNAs, simultaneously enabling three types of cell subtype identification. It not only enables the discrimination of cancer cells A549 and MCF‐7 from normal cells NHDF but also successfully distinguishes different types of cancer cells. The bispecific intracellular miRNA controllable DNA circuit, with low signal‐to‐noise ratio, easily extends to various cell type discrimination by adjusting the miRNA species, provides huge opportunities for accurately differentiating multiple cell types at the molecular level.
Controlled Growth and Self‐Assembly of Multiscale Organic Semiconductor
Authors: Bai Ling , Wang Ning , Li Yuliang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCurrently, organic semiconductors (OSs) are widely used as active components in practical devices related to energy storage and conversion, optoelectronics, catalysis, and biological sensors, etc. To satisfy the actual requirements of different types of devices, chemical structure design and self‐assembly process control have been synergistically performed. The morphology and other basic properties of multiscale OS components are governed on a broad scale from nanometers to macroscopic micrometers. Herein, the up‐to‐date design strategies for fabricating multiscale OSs are comprehensively reviewed. Related representative works are introduced, applications in practical devices are discussed, and future research directions are presented. Design strategies combining the advances in organic synthetic chemistry and supramolecular assembly technology perform an integral role in the development of a new generation of multiscale OSs.
Manufacturing of Human Tissues as off‐the‐Shelf Grafts Programmed to Induce Regeneration
Authors: Pigeot Sébastien , Klein Thibaut , Gullotta Fabiana , Dupard Steven J. , Garcia Garcia Alejandro , García‐García Andres , Prithiviraj Sujeethkumar , Lorenzo Pilar , Filippi Miriam , Jaquiery Claude , Kouba Loraine , Asnaghi M. Adelaide , Raina Deepak Bushan , Dasen Boris , Isaksson Hanna , Önnerfjord Patrik , Tägil Magnus , Bondanza Attilio , Martin Ivan , Bourgine Paul E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDesign criteria for tissue‐engineered materials in regenerative medicine include robust biological effectiveness, off‐the‐shelf availability, and scalable manufacturing under standardized conditions. For bone repair, existing strategies rely on primary autologous cells, associated with unpredictable performance, limited availability and complex logistic. Here, a conceptual shift based on the manufacturing of devitalized human hypertrophic cartilage (HyC), as cell‐free material inducing bone formation by recapitulating the developmental process of endochondral ossification, is reported. The strategy relies on a customized human mesenchymal line expressing bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2), critically required for robust chondrogenesis and concomitant extracellular matrix (ECM) enrichment. Following apoptosis‐driven devitalization, lyophilization, and storage, the resulting off‐the‐shelf cartilage tissue exhibits unprecedented osteoinductive properties, unmatched by synthetic delivery of BMP‐2 or by living engineered grafts. Scalability and pre‐clinical efficacy are demonstrated by bioreactor‐based production and subsequent orthotopic assessment. The findings exemplify the broader paradigm of programming human cell lines as biological factory units to engineer customized ECMs, designed to activate specific regenerative processes.
Metal–Organic Framework Photonic Balls: Single Object Analysis for Local Thermal Probing
Authors: Avci Civan , De Marco Maria Letizia , Byun Caroline , Perrin Jonathan , Scheel Mario , Boissière Cédric , Faustini Marco 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDue to their high porosity and chemical versatility, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) exhibit physical properties appealing for photonic‐based applications. While several MOF photonic structures have been reported, examples of applications thereof are mainly limited to chemical sensing. Herein, the range of application of photonic MOFs is extended to local thermal and photothermal sensing by integrating them into a new architecture: MOF photonic balls. Micrometric‐sized photonic balls are made of monodispersed MOFs colloids that are self‐assembled via spray‐drying, a low‐cost, green, and high‐throughput method. The versatility of the process allows tuning the morphology and the composition of photonic balls made of several MOFs and composites with tailored optical properties. X‐ray nanotomography and environmental hyperspectral microscopy enable analysis of single objects and their evolution in controlled atmosphere and temperature. Notably, in presence of vapors, the MOF photonic balls act as local, label‐free temperature probes. Importantly, compared to other thermal probes, the temperature detection range of these materials can be adjusted “on‐demand.” As proof of concept, the photonic balls are used to determine local temperature profiles around a concentrated laser beam. More broadly, this work is expected to stimulate new research on the physical properties of photonic MOFs providing new possibilities for device fabrication.