bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of complementary and alternative medicine among females with polycystic ovary syndrome in Jordan: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Awwad Oriana , Saleh Mais , Bardaweel Sanaa K , Alsamydai Ali , Afifi Fatma U , Akour Amal , Abu Tarboosh Renad , Hamdan Manar , Basha Asma Sa’d 
Published: December 2024

Background and objectivesPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent female reproductive and metabolic disorder. Among patients with chronic conditions, an increasing number have approached complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) to cope with their disease. This study aimed to assess the use of CAM among females with PCOS in Jordan.Design, settings and participantsA cross-sectional study was conducted at one of the largest tertiary centres in Jordan. Adult females with PCOS were interviewed using a data collection tool.Outcome measuresCAM use and the factors associated with its use.ResultsA total of 402 women participated in the study, the median-IQR age was 25 (31–21) years. Common PCOS signs/symptoms included menses irregularity (81.8%), fatigue (71.6%) and hyperandrogenism (77.6%). Among all participants, 63.2% used CAM with the most common being herbs (60.4%). The primary sources of information were family and friends (46.1%).Longer duration since diagnosis, having more PCOS signs/symptoms and a higher level of education were factors significantly associated with CAM use (β=1.257, 95% CI=1.018 to 2.552, p=0.034;β=1.146, 95% CI=1.052 to 1.250, p=0.002 andβ=1.584, 95% CI=1.054 to 2.379, p=0.027, respectively). Of all the CAM users, 57.5% reported an amelioration in PCOS symptoms; this was significantly associated with the long-term use of CAM (β=12.759, 95% CI=6.789 to 23.976, p<0.001). Just a few participants (9.4%) reported side effects.ConclusionA variety of CAM approaches were reported by the study population; herbs were the most widely used and accepted by the patients. Considering the primary source of information and the potential interactions of herbal medicine with the standard PCOS treatment, efforts are needed by healthcare providers to better understand the use of CAM among their patients with PCOS.
Sexual health and healthy relationships for Further Education (SaFE) in Wales and England: results from a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Williams-Thomas Rhys , Townson Julia , Lewis Ruth , Copeland Lauren , Madan Jason , Melendez-Torres G J , Lugg-Widger Fiona V , Pallmann Philip , Riaz Muhammad , Brown Rachel , Bonell Chris , Morgan Gemma S , White James , Young Honor 
Published: December 2024

Objectives
To examine the acceptability of implementing, trialling and estimating the cost of the Sexual health and healthy relationships for Further Education (SaFE) intervention.

Design
Two-arm repeated cross-sectional pilot cluster randomised controlled trial (cRCT) of SaFE compared with usual practice, including a process evaluation and an economic assessment.

Setting
Eight further education (FE) settings in South Wales and the West of England, UK.

Participants
FE students, staff and sexual health nurses.

Intervention
SaFE had three components: (1) onsite access to sexual health and relationship services provided by sexual health nurses available for 2 hours on 2 days per week; (2) publicity about onsite sexual health and relationship services and (3) FE staff training on how to promote sexual health, and recognise, prevent and respond to dating and relationship violence (DRV) and sexual harassment.

Primary and secondary outcome measures
The primary outcome was feasibility, assessing whether the study met progression criteria relating to: (a) FE setting and student recruitment; (b) the acceptability of the intervention and (c) qualitative data, and documentary evidence from students, staff and sexual health nurses on acceptability, fidelity of implementation and receipt. We also assessed the completeness of primary, secondary and intermediate outcome measures and estimated cost of the intervention.

Results
Three of the four progression criteria were met. Eight FE settings were recruited, randomised and retained. Of the students approached, 60.7% (1124/1852 students) at baseline and 51.9% (1139/2193 students) at 12 month follow-up completed the questionnaire (target 60%). Over 80% of onsite sexual health services were attended by a nurse; onsite publicity about sexual health services was observed at all intervention settings and 137 staff were trained. SaFE was viewed positively by FE students, FE staff and nurses but needed more time to embed. The prevalence of self-reported unprotected sex at last intercourse was 15.5% at baseline and 18.7% at follow-up. There was evidence of floor effects in the measure of DRV victimisation in the last 12 months. We found low rates of missing data for almost all variables with no discernible differences across arms. The estimated cost per FE setting was £38,363.09.

Conclusions
SaFE was implemented and well received by students, staff and nurses. If strategies to boost student recruitment to the survey can be identified, progression to a phase III effectiveness trial of SaFE is warranted.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN54793810
.
Designing a multicomponent intervention to support caregivers of persons with dementia in primary care in Spain: a qualitative study of family and professional carers
Authors: Curto Romeu Claudia , Mora López Gerard , Gavaldà Espelta Ester , Brunet Reverté Núria , Gonçalves Alessandra Queiroga , Jacques-Aviñó Constanza , Lleixà Fortuño Maria del Mar , Ferre Ferrate Maria , Aguilar Martín Carina , Pozo Ariza Macarena , Ferre Grau Carme 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to explore experiences of family and professional caregivers of persons with dementia in order to design a tailored community-based support programme.DesignA two-stage study was deployed. First, qualitative research draws on three focus groups. Two of these comprised family caregivers and the third was made up of care provision professionals. Thematic content analysis was conducted by interpretative description for applied practice. Second, an experience-based codesign methodology was applied to design a tailored support programme in accordance with carers’ demands and contextual realities.Setting and study periodRural region in Catalonia, at northeast of Spain. March–June 2019.ParticipantsWe interviewed 12 family caregivers and 8 primary care providers.Results10 main themes were identified: caregivers’ feelings, repercussions of caregiving in caregivers’ lives, education about dementia and caring skills, education about time management and self-care, caregivers’ needs to receive more information and training, improved patients’ follow-up and social assistance and more psychologic support. Finally, three themes related to caregivers’ demands: social services resources, multidisciplinary approach programmes and support from other caregivers. From these results, a multicomponent, professionally led community-based intervention was designed. The main components were the following: education and caring skills, professional psychological support, and social and community resources.ConclusionThis study allowed the design of a multicomponent support intervention for family caregivers of persons with dementia aimed at reducing their burden and improving their quality of life in ways consistent with their actual needs and the available local resources.
Are there any sociodemographic factors associated with non-uptake of HPV vaccination of girls in high-income countries with school-based vaccination programmes? A systematic review
Authors: Dema Emily , Osman Roeann , Soldan Kate , Field Nigel , Sonnenberg Pam 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundUptake of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is generally high in high-income countries with school-based vaccination programmes; however, lower uptake in certain population subgroups could continue pre-immunisation inequalities in cervical cancer.MethodsSix electronic databases were searched for quantitative articles published between 1 September 2006 and 20 February 2023, which were representative of the general population, with individual-level data on routine school-based vaccination (with >50% coverage) and sociodemographic measures. Titles, abstracts and full-text articles were screened for eligibility criteria and assessed for bias. A second independent reviewer randomly screened 20% of articles at each stage. A narrative synthesis summarised findings.Results24 studies based in eight countries (Australia, Belgium, Canada, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, UK) were included. Studies reported vaccination uptake by individual-level and area-level socioeconomic status (SES), parental education, religion, ethnicity and/or country of birth. 19 studies reported that more than 70% were vaccinated (range: 50.7%–93.0%). Minority ethnic groups and migrants were more likely to have lower vaccination uptake than White groups and non-migrants (11/11 studies). Lower SES was also associated with lower uptake of vaccination (11/17 studies). Associations with other sociodemographic characteristics, such as parental education and religion, were less clear.ConclusionsEven in high-income countries with high coverage school-based vaccination programmes, inequalities are seen. The totality of available evidence suggests girls from lower SES and minority ethnic groups tend to be less likely to be vaccinated. Findings could inform targeted approaches to mop-up vaccination and cervical cancer screening amidst changing HPV epidemiology in a vaccine era.Trial registration numberCRD42023399648.
Real-world treatment patterns, healthcare resource utilisation and costs in patients with SLE in the USA
Authors: Masurkar Prajakta P , Reckleff Jennifer , Princic Nicole , Limone Brendan , Schwartz Hana , Karis Elaine , Zollars Eric , Costenbader Karen 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveTo evaluate the treatment patterns, medication adherence, concomitant corticosteroid use, factors influencing sequence of therapies (SOTs), healthcare resource utilisation (HCRU) and associated costs in adults with SLE in the USA.MethodsClaims data from the Merative MarketScan Commercial and Medicare Supplemental Database between 2011 and 2019 were used to identify patients with incident SLE. The date of first claim with SLE was defined as the index date, with a 24-month pre-index and ≥24-month post-index period. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate patient demographics and baseline clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, adherence, HCRU and cost. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with transition between SOTs.ResultsOverall, 2476 patients received SLE treatment. The mean (SD) age was 46.9 (14.1) years and the mean (SD) follow-up duration was 47.8 (15.7) months. High corticosteroid use was prevalent in all SOTs (≥1 corticosteroid; average dose, 16.8–19.3 mg/day; 50%–60% patients). Antimalarials were most commonly prescribed in SOT 1 (85.7%), and immunosuppressants in SOT 2 and 3 (85.4% and 77.5%, respectively). Transition frequency from SOT 1–2 (38.4%) and SOT 2–3 (16.9%) was influenced by immunosuppressant prescription, concomitant corticosteroid use, sex, severe disease activity, non-persistence and age. Adherence was highest for biologics, followed by antimalarials and immunosuppressants. SLE-related HCRU and associated costs increased with SOT progression (mean (SD) at baseline vs SOT 3, US$19 489 (US$45 336) vs US$23 201 (US$39 628)).ConclusionSLE treatment regimens with greater adherence and reduced corticosteroid use, HCRU and associated costs are needed.
Charged superradiant instability in a spherical regular black hole
Authors: Zhan Yizhi , Xu Hengyu , Zhang Shao-Jun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We examine the stability of a spherically symmetric regular black hole when subjected to perturbations from a charged scalar field. This particular black hole is constructed by deforming the Minkowski spacetime. It has been observed that the charged superradiant instability arises only within a specific range of the deformation parameter, potentially resulting in an instability growth rate with a maximum magnitude of approximately

$$\text {Im} (M \omega ) \sim 10^{-3}$$

Im

(
M
ω
)

∼

10

-
3

. This growth rate significantly exceeds the instability identified in ABG black holes discussed in prior research, suggesting a notable timescale for detecting this phenomenon in astrophysical scenarios. Additionally, we conduct a thorough investigation into how the three parameters of the model influence the onset and intensity of the instability. Our analysis offers further insights into the possible emergence of this instability in spherical regular black holes and its association with the nonlinear effects of the electromagnetic field.
Inhibiting Tyrosine Kinase 2 Ameliorates Antiphospholipid Syndrome Nephropathy
Authors: Tang Kuo-Tung , Chen Yu-Sin , Chen Tzu-Ting , Chao Ya-Hsuan , Kung Shu-Ping , Chen Der-Yuan , Lin Chi-Chien 
Published: December 2024

Objective: Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of β2‐glycoprotein I (β2‐GPI)‐targeting antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) and vascular thrombosis or obstetrical complications. One of its severe manifestations is nephropathy.Methods: To examine the role of type I interferon (IFN) and therapeutic potential of tyrosine kinase 2 (Tyk2) inhibition, we administered BMS‐986202, a novel Tyk2 inhibitor, in a mouse model of APS nephropathy. We administered BMS‐986202 to BALB/c mice at a dose of 2 mg/kg. Biochemical and histological characteristics of APS nephropathy were then determined. The type I IFN signature in the kidney was also evaluated by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Results: The Tyk2 inhibitor reversed the elevation of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and microalbuminuria in the murine model of APS nephropathy. In addition, the Tyk2 inhibitor reversed the pathological vascular changes in the kidney as judged in electron microscopy (EM), and fibrin and C3 deposition as revealed in immunohistochemistry (IHC). An increased expression levels of IFN signature (IFN regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) and Mx1) in the kidneys of APS mice were found. Tyk2 inhibition reversed such an upregulation.Conclusion: Our results demonstrated the key role of type I IFN in the pathogenesis of APS nephropathy. Furthermore, the therapeutic efficacy of Tyk2 inhibition was demonstrated in a murine model of APS nephropathy. Our results could provide a new treatment strategy for this debilitating disease.
Nicotine Metabolite Ratio in People with HIV Who Smoke Cigarettes Receiving Pharmacologic and Behavioral Cessation Therapy
Authors: Shuter Jonathan , Davis Olivia A. , deFilippi Chris , Christenson Robert H. , Li Lan , Potts Wendy , Himelhoch Seth 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PWH) smoke cigarettes at triple the rate of the general population in the United States. Efforts to increase quit rates in this group have met with limited success. The nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR) has shown promise as a phenotypic marker that may be useful in selecting the most appropriate cessation treatments for people who smoke cigarettes. We completed a randomized controlled trial of individual intensive counseling and/or varenicline treatment for PWH in the Baltimore area who smoke cigarettes, and we measured serum 3′ hydroxycotinine and cotinine at baseline and calculated the ratio of these two values, i.e., the NMR, for each participant. Herein, we present summary statistics and measures of association, or lack thereof, of NMR values with a variety of behavioral parameters and clinical outcomes related to tobacco use and tobacco treatment. The NMR was calculated for 155 PWH who were currently using tobacco cigarettes. The mean age was 52.9 years, 62.3% male, 91.0% Black, and they smoked a mean of 10.6 cigarettes/day. The mean NMR was 0.43, similar to that reported from other PWH cohorts. We did not find any significant correlation between NMR and cigarettes/day, nicotine dependence, temptation to smoke, or nicotine withdrawal symptoms. We did not find that lower NMR was predictive of successful cessation, nor was it associated with varenicline intolerance in those who received varenicline.
Prevention Relevance: People with HIV suffer disproportionately from lung, head and neck, and other tobacco-related cancers as a consequence of high smoking rates. There is an urgent need to mitigate this harm, and the use of the NMR to personalize tobacco treatment is an area of active interest.
Semantic and Phonological Abilities Inform Efficacy of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Sustained Aphasia Treatment Outcomes
Authors: Dresang Haley C. , Harvey Denise Y. , Vnenchak Leslie , Parchure Shreya , Cason Sam , Twigg Peter , Faseyitan Olu , Maher Lynn M. , Hamilton Roy H. , Coslett H. Branch 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A growing body of evidence has shown that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can enhance word-retrieval abilities in chronic aphasia. However, there remains significant variability in the efficacy of combined rTMS and language treatments. This study investigated how semantic and phonological characteristics of baseline word-retrieval impairments may influence the efficacy of rTMS on long-term naming improvements following language treatment in individuals with chronic aphasia. Thirty participants with post-stroke aphasia underwent 10 sessions of 1 Hz rTMS to right pars triangularis followed by a modified constraint-induced language treatment (mCILT). Nineteen participants were randomly assigned to active rTMS and 11 participants were assigned to sham rTMS. All participants completed the Philadelphia Naming Test (PNT) at baseline and at 3 and 6 months post-treatment. We coded PNT errors and fit data to the semantic-phonological (or SP) computational model (Foygel & Dell, 2000) to derive semantic and phonological parameter weights. We ran linear regressions for the proportional improvement in naming, with fixed effects for interactions between rTMS, time, and baseline parameter weights. While there was no immediate effect of rTMS post-treatment, rTMS combined with mCILT improved long-term naming more than language therapy alone. Furthermore, greater baseline semantic and phonological characteristics of word-retrieval abilities were each associated with increased rTMS-induced gains in proportional naming improvements. These patterns were maintained at both 3 and 6 months post-treatment. This study is among the first in a larger sample to demonstrate that individual differences in lexical retrieval contribute to variability in sustained rTMS and aphasia treatment outcomes.
IndoCulture: Exploring Geographically Influenced Cultural Commonsense Reasoning Across Eleven Indonesian Provinces
Authors: Koto Fajri , Mahendra Rahmad , Aisyah Nurul , Baldwin Timothy 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Although commonsense reasoning is greatly shaped by cultural and geographical factors, previous studies have predominantly centered on cultures grounded in the English language, potentially resulting in an Anglocentric bias. In this paper, we introduce IndoCulture, aimed at understanding the influence of geographical factors on language model reasoning ability, with a specific emphasis on the diverse cultures found within eleven Indonesian provinces. In contrast to prior work that has relied on templates (Yin et al., 2022) and online scrapping (Fung et al., 2024), we create IndoCulture by asking local people to manually develop a cultural context and plausible options, across a set of predefined topics. Evaluation of 27 language models reveals several insights: (1) the open-weight Llama–3 is competitive with GPT–4, while other open-weight models struggle, with accuracies below 50%; (2) there is a general pattern of models generally performing better for some provinces, such as Bali and West Java, and less well for others; and (3) the inclusion of location context enhances performance, especially for larger models like GPT–4, emphasizing the significance of geographical context in commonsense reasoning.1
Investigating Perceptions of the Social Responsibility of Scientists and Engineers
Authors: Alimin Masnaini , Mun Jiyeong , Lee Hyunju 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
With the rapid advancement of science and technology, attention to the social responsibility of STEM professionals has grown. This study explored perceptions of social responsibility among STEM college students in South Korea, Malaysia, and Indonesia, where emphasis on STEM education is increasing. Participants included 606 students from South Korea, 310 from Malaysia, and 223 from Indonesia. Using the Views of Social Responsibility of Scientists and Engineers (VSRoSE) instrument, we found minimal variation in average scores across countries for factors like human welfare (HUMAN), environmental sustainability (ENVIR), and societal risk consideration (CONSEQ), although Korean students scored lower in other factors. Indonesian students showed significant differences by major, with natural science students scoring higher. Gender differences emerged, with female students generally scoring higher in HUMAN and ENVIR factors across countries. These findings provide guidance for developing STEM education programs that foster social responsibility.
The Early Thought of Gotō Shimpei and the Origins of State Hygiene in Japan, 1879–1890
Authors: SHANNON Kerry 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this article, I examine the genesis of theories on state hygiene (kokka eisei 国家衛生) as formulated by Gotō Shimpei 後藤新平 (1857–1929). I show how Gotō’s formulation of his famed but fraught concepts of state formation extended from his experiences as a doctor in Aichi prefecture and as a medical official serving the Japanese state. It was during this time that Gotō first developed both a theoretical framework and a practical schema for Japan’s hygienic modernization. This involved promoting doctors to government positions whereby they would create public (health) policy and oversee its implementation by hygiene police, agents who acted as intermediaries between state and subject. Gotō’s experience as a public health official also informed his later belief that detailed ethnographic accounts of local life would abet the government’s project of engendering fidelity to the nation. Using the underexplored regional health surveys that he composed while a young bureaucrat, I analyze how Gotō came to believe that mapping local life would enable government officials to amalgamate and fuse customary health practices to the larger goals of the Meiji state. I then show how such ideas were reflected in Principles of National Hygiene (Kokka eisei genri 国家衛生原理 1889), Gotō’s most famous theoretical treatise. The aim in this article is thus to contextualize the development of Gotō’s thought within his work as a doctor, bureaucrat, and a hygiene ethnographer to illuminate how his approach to public health developed within the crucible of a modernizing Japan.