bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using behavioral insights to design implementation strategies in public mental health settings: a qualitative study of clinical decision-making
Authors: Last Briana S. , Schriger Simone H. , Timon Carter E. , Frank Hannah E. , Buttenheim Alison M. , Rudd Brittany N. , Fernandez-Marcote Sara , Comeau Carrie , Shoyinka Sosunmolu , Beidas Rinad S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundTrauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) is an evidence-based intervention for youth with posttraumatic stress disorder. An important component of TF-CBT is the trauma narrative (TN), a phase in the intervention in which youth are guided to process the memories, thoughts, and feelings associated with their traumatic experience(s). Previous work has shown that TF-CBT clinicians complete TNs with only half of their clients, yet little is known about what determines TF-CBT clinicians’ use of TNs. The behavioral insights literature—an interdisciplinary field studying judgment and decision-making—offers theoretical and empirical tools to conceptualize what drives complex human behaviors and decisions. Drawing from the behavioral insights literature, the present study seeks to understand what determines clinician use of TNs and to generate strategies that target these determinants.MethodsThrough semi-structured qualitative interviews, we sought the perspectives of trained TF-CBT clinicians working in public mental health settings across the city of Philadelphia (N= 17) to understand their decisions to use TNs with clients. We analyzed the qualitative data using a coding approach informed by the behavioral insights literature. We used an iterative process of structured hypothesis generation, aided by a behavioral insights guide, and rapid validation informed by behavioral insights to uncover the determinants of TN use. We then generated implementation strategies that targeted these determinants using the “Easy Attractive Social Timely” framework, a behavioral insights design approach.ResultsWe generated and validated three broad themes about what determines clinician implementation of TNs: decision complexity, clinician affective experience, and agency norms. We hypothesized behavioral insights that underlie these implementation determinants and designed a list of nine corresponding behavioral insights strategies that may facilitate TN implementation.ConclusionsOur study investigated why an effective component of an evidence-based intervention is difficult to implement. We leveraged robust scientific theories and empirical regularities from the behavioral insights literature to understand clinician perspectives on TN implementation. These factors were theoretically linked to implementation strategies. Our work revealed the potential for using behavioral insights in the diagnosis of evidence-based intervention determinants and the design of implementation strategies.
Pathogenic Germline Variants in Cancer Susceptibility Genes in Children and Young Adults With Rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Kim Jung , Light Nicholas , Subasri Vallijah , Young Erin L. , Wegman-Ostrosky Talia , Barkauskas Donald A. , Hall David , Lupo Philip J. , Patidar Rajesh , Maese Luke D. , Jones Kristine , Wang Mingyi , Genome Research Laboratory Cancer , Tavtigian Sean V. , Wu Dongjing , Shlien Adam , Telfer Frank , Goldenberg Anna , Skapek Stephen X. , Wei Jun S. , Wen Xinyu , Catchpoole Daniel , Hawkins Douglas S. , Schiffman Joshua D. , Khan Javed , Malkin David , Stewart Douglas R. 
Published: January 2021

PURPOSE Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common pediatric soft-tissue sarcoma and accounts for 3% of all pediatric cancer. In this study, we investigated germline sequence and structural variation in a broad set of genes in two large, independent RMS cohorts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Genome sequencing of the discovery cohort (n = 273) and exome sequencing of the secondary cohort (n = 121) were conducted on germline DNA. Analyses were performed on 130 cancer susceptibility genes (CSG). Pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants were predicted using the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) criteria. Structural variation and survival analyses were performed on the discovery cohort. RESULTS We found that 6.6%-7.7% of patients with RMS harbored P/LP variants in dominant-acting CSG. An additional approximately 1% have structural variants ( ATM, CDKN1C) in CSGs. CSG variants did not influence survival, although there was a significant correlation with an earlier age of tumor onset. There was a nonsignificant excess of P/LP variants in dominant inheritance genes in the patients with FOXO1 fusion–negative RMS patients versus the patients with FOXO1 fusion–positive RMS. We identified pathogenic germline variants in CSGs previously ( TP53, NF1, DICER1, mismatch repair genes), rarely ( BRCA2, CBL, CHEK2, SMARCA4), or never ( FGFR4) reported in RMS. Numerous genes ( TP53, BRCA2, mismatch repair) were on the ACMG Secondary Findings 2.0 list. CONCLUSION In two cohorts of patients with RMS, we identified pathogenic germline variants for which gene-specific therapies and surveillance guidelines may be beneficial. In families with a proband with an RMS-risk P/LP variant, genetic counseling and cascade testing should be considered, especially for ACMG Secondary Findings genes and/or with gene-specific surveillance guidelines.
Smoking flies: testing the effect of tobacco cigarettes on heart function ofDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Santalla Manuela , Pagola Lucía , Gómez Ivana , Balcazar Darío , Valverde Carlos A. , Ferrero Paola 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTStudies about the relationship between substances consumed by humans and their impact on health, in animal models, have been a challenge due to differences between species in the animal kingdom. However, the homology of certain genes has allowed extrapolation of certain knowledge obtained in animals. Drosophila melanogaster, studied for decades, has been widely used as model for human diseases as well as to study responses associated with the consumption of several substances. In the present work we explore the impact of tobacco consumption on a model of ‘smoking flies’. Throughout these experiments, we aim to provide information about the effects of tobacco consumption on cardiac physiology. We assessed intracellular calcium handling, a phenomenon underlying cardiac contraction and relaxation. Flies chronically exposed to tobacco smoke exhibited an increased heart rate and alterations in the dynamics of the transient increase of intracellular calcium in myocardial cells. These effects were also evident under acute exposure to nicotine of the heart, in a semi-intact preparation. Moreover, the alpha 1 and 7 subunits of the nicotinic receptors are involved in the heart response to tobacco and nicotine under chronic (in the intact fly) as well as acute exposure (in the semi-intact preparation). The present data elucidate the implication of the intracellular cardiac pathways affected by nicotine on the heart tissue. Based on the probed genetic and physiological similarity between the fly and human heart, cardiac effects exerted by tobacco smoke in Drosophila advances our understanding of the impact of it in the human heart. Additionally, it may also provide information on how nicotine-like substances, e.g. neonicotinoids used as insecticides, affect cardiac function.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
What machine learning can do for developmental biology
Authors: Villoutreix Paul 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Developmental biology has grown into a data intensive science with the development of high-throughput imaging and multi-omics approaches. Machine learning is a versatile set of techniques that can help make sense of these large datasets with minimal human intervention, through tasks such as image segmentation, super-resolution microscopy and cell clustering. In this Spotlight, I introduce the key concepts, advantages and limitations of machine learning, and discuss how these methods are being applied to problems in developmental biology. Specifically, I focus on how machine learning is improving microscopy and single-cell ‘omics’ techniques and data analysis. Finally, I provide an outlook for the futures of these fields and suggest ways to foster new interdisciplinary developments.
Inducible expression of human C9ORF72 36× G4C2 hexanucleotide repeats is sufficient to cause RAN translation and rapid muscular atrophy in mice
Authors: Riemslagh Fréderike W. , van der Toorn Esmay C. , Verhagen Rob F. M. , Maas Alex , Bosman Laurens W. J. , Hukema Renate K. , Willemsen Rob 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
The hexanucleotide G4C2 repeat expansion in the first intron of the C9ORF72 gene accounts for the majority of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cases. Numerous studies have indicated the toxicity of dipeptide repeats (DPRs), which are produced via repeat-associated non-AUG (RAN) translation from the repeat expansion, and accumulate in the brain of C9FTD/ALS patients. Mouse models expressing the human C9ORF72 repeat and/or DPRs show variable pathological, functional and behavioral characteristics of FTD and ALS. Here, we report a new Tet-on inducible mouse model that expresses 36× pure G4C2 repeats with 100-bp upstream and downstream human flanking regions. Brain-specific expression causes the formation of sporadic sense DPRs aggregates upon 6 months of dox induction, but no apparent neurodegeneration. Expression in the rest of the body evokes abundant sense DPRs in multiple organs, leading to weight loss, neuromuscular junction disruption, myopathy and a locomotor phenotype within the time frame of 4 weeks. We did not observe any RNA foci or pTDP-43 pathology. Accumulation of DPRs and the myopathy phenotype could be prevented when 36× G4C2 repeat expression was stopped after 1 week. After 2 weeks of expression, the phenotype could not be reversed, even though DPR levels were reduced. In conclusion, expression of 36× pure G4C2 repeats including 100-bp human flanking regions is sufficient for RAN translation of sense DPRs, and evokes a functional locomotor phenotype. Our inducible mouse model suggests that early diagnosis and treatment are important for C9FTD/ALS patients.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Neural crest-specific loss ofBmp7leads to midfacial hypoplasia, nasal airway obstruction and disordered breathing, modeling obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Baddam Pranidhi , Biancardi Vivian , Roth Daniela M. , Eaton Farah , Thereza-Bussolaro Claudine , Mandal Rupasri , Wishart David S. , Barr Amy , MacLean Joanna , Flores-Mir Carlos , Pagliardini Silvia , Graf Daniel 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTPediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a relatively common sleep-related breathing disorder affecting ∼1-5% of children, is often caused by anatomical obstruction and/or collapse of the nasal and/or pharyngeal airways. The resulting sleep disruption and intermittent hypoxia lead to various systemic morbidities. Predicting the development of OSA from craniofacial features alone is currently not possible, and controversy remains as to whether upper-airway obstruction facilitates reduced midfacial growth or vice versa. Currently, there is no rodent model that recapitulates both the development of craniofacial abnormalities and upper-airway obstruction to address these questions. Here, we describe that mice with a neural crest-specific deletion of Bmp7 (Bmp7ncko) present with a shorter, more acute-angled cranial base, midfacial hypoplasia, nasal septum deviation, turbinate swelling and branching defects, and nasal airway obstruction. Interestingly, several of these craniofacial features develop after birth during periods of rapid midfacial growth and precede the development of an upper-airway obstruction. We identified that, in this rodent model, no single feature appeared to predict upper-airway obstruction, but the sum of those features resulted in reduced breathing frequency, apneas and overall reduced oxygen consumption. Metabolomics analysis of serum from peripheral blood identified increased levels of hydroxyproline, a metabolite upregulated under hypoxic conditions. As this model recapitulates many features observed in OSA, it offers unique opportunities for studying how upper-airway obstruction affects breathing physiology and leads to systemic morbidities.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Long-term segmentation-free assessment of head–flagellum movement and intracellular calcium in swimming human sperm
Authors: Corkidi Gabriel , Hernández-Herrera Paul , Montoya Fernando , Gadêlha Hermes , Darszon Alberto 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Human spermatozoa are the archetype of long-term self-organizing transport in nature and are critical for reproductive success. They utilize coordinated head and flagellar movements to swim long distances within the female reproductive tract in order to find and fertilize the egg. However, to date, long-term analysis of the sperm head–flagellar movements, or indeed those of other flagellated microorganisms, remains elusive due to limitations in microscopy and flagellar-tracking techniques. Here, we present a novel methodology based on local orientation and isotropy of bio-images to obtain long-term kinematic and physiological parameters of individual free-swimming spermatozoa without requiring image segmentation (thresholding). This computer-assisted segmentation-free method evaluates, for the first time, characteristics of the head movement and flagellar beating for up to 9.2 min. We demonstrate its powerful use by showing how releasing Ca2+ from internal stores significantly alters long-term sperm behavior. The method allows for straightforward generalization to other bio-imaging applications, such as studies of bull sperm and Trypanosoma, or indeed of other flagellated microorganisms – appealing to communities other than those investigating sperm biology.
Symbiont regulation in Stylophora pistillata during cold stress: an acclimation mechanism against oxidative stress and severe bleaching
Authors: Marangoni Laura Fernandes de Barros , Rottier Cecile , Ferrier-Pagès Christine 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Widespread coral bleaching and mortality, leading to coral reef decline, have been mainly associated with climate-change-driven increases in sea surface temperature. However, bleaching and mortality events have also been related to decreases in sea surface temperature, with cold stress events (e.g. La Niña events) being expected to increase in frequency or intensity as a result of a changing climate. Cold stress creates physiological symptoms in symbiotic reef-building corals similar to those observed when they are heat stressed, and the biochemical mechanisms underpinning cold stress in corals have been suggested to be related to an oxidative stress condition. However, up to now, this hypothesis had not been tested. This study assessed how short and long cold excursions in seawater temperature affect the physiology and biochemical processes related to oxidative stress in the reef-building coral Stylophora pistillata. We provide, for the first time, direct evidence that the mechanisms underpinning cold stress and bleaching are related to the production of reactive oxygen species, and that rapid expulsion of a significant proportion of the symbiont population by the host during cooling conditions is an acclimation mechanism to avoid oxidative stress and, ultimately, severe bleaching. Furthermore, this study is one of the first to show that upwelling conditions (short-term cold stress+nutrient enrichment) can provoke a more severe oxidative stress condition in corals than cold stress alone.
3-D Dynamic UAV Base Station Location Problem
Authors: Cicek Cihan Tugrul , Shen Zuo-Jun Max , Gultekin Hakan , Tavli Bulent 
Published: January 2021

We address a dynamic covering location problem of an unmanned aerial vehicle base station (UAV-BS), in which the location sequence of a single UAV-BS in a wireless communication network is determined to satisfy data demand arising from ground users. This problem is especially relevant in the context of smart grid and disaster relief. The vertical movement ability of the UAV-BS and nonconvex covering functions in wireless communication restrict utilizing classical planar covering location approaches. Therefore, we develop new formulations to this emerging problem for a finite time horizon to maximize the total coverage. In particular, we develop a mixed-integer nonlinear programming formulation that is nonconvex in nature and propose a Lagrangean decomposition algorithm (LDA) to solve this formulation. Because of the high complexity of the problem, the LDA is still unable to find good local solutions to large-scale problems. Therefore, we develop a continuum approximation (CA) model and show that CA would be a promising approach in terms of both computational time and solution accuracy. Our numerical study also shows that the CA model can be a remedy to build efficient initial solutions for exact solution algorithms. Summary of Contribution: This paper addresses a facet of mixed integer nonlinear programming formulations. Dynamic facility location problems (DFLPs) arise in a wide range of applications. However, classical DFLPs typically focus on the two-dimensional spaces. Emerging technologies in wireless communication and some other promising application areas, such as smart grids, have brought new location problems that cannot be solved with classical approaches. For practical reasons, many research attempts to solve this new problem, especially by researchers whose primary research area is not OR, have seemed far from analyzing the characteristics of the formulations. Rather, solution-oriented greedy heuristics have been proposed. This paper has two main objectives: (i) to close the gap between practical and theoretical sides of this new problem with the help of current knowledge that OR possesses to solve facility location problems and (ii) to support the findings with an exhaustive computational study to show how these findings can be applied to practice.
Remote asthma consultations in primary care
Authors: Henry Heather 
Published: January 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the move towards remote clinical consultations. Heather Henry explains how remote asthma consultations can be conducted effectively The COVID-19 pandemic has lead to a rapid increase in remote clinical consultations. Telephone, text messaging and video-based consultations reduce the need for face-to-face consultations that might increase the risk of infection. Appropriate triage is key to the safety of remote consultations. The evidence so far is that, with careful triage, remote consultations are as effective as traditional face-to-face consultations and could be more resource and time effective both for nurses and patients. There are pros and cons to each method of remote consultation. This article will look at the technique for conducting a successful video consultation.
The Consistency of the Sufficiency Economy Philosophy (SEP) with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Authors: Wongkumchai Tachakorn , Na Ayuthaya Smitti Darakorn , Kiattisin Supaporn 
Published: January 2021

The purpose is to find the consistency of the SEP with SDGs. The sample used in this research was from development projects based on the application of the SEP with the total of 1,677 projects. These 1,667 projects were compared to the Taro Yamane table at a 95% confidence level with a deviation of 0.02. In addition, the sample of 10 projects under the framework of South-South cooperation and the Triangular cooperation were purposively selected. Questionnaires were used as the research tools to obtain opinions of experts consistency of the SEP to the dimensions of economic, social, and environmental development with the SDGs. The accuracy of the questionnaires is 0.88. The data were analyzed using Decision Matrix Analysis, Pearson's correlation, percentage, and average. The results showed that sustainable development based on the application of the SEP was consistent with SDGs in 3 dimensions: environmental at 28.40% ( = 4.73), economic at 27.14% ( = 4.52), and social at 26.08% ( = 4.35). The SEP is positively consistent with SDGs at 42.33% (r = 0.42325), which suggests that more implementation of development projects in accordance with the SEP leads to more development towards SDGs in each dimension.
Cardiorespiratory fitness in late adolescence and long-term risk of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis among Swedish men
Authors: Laskowski Marta , Schiöler Linus , Gustafsson Helena , Wennberg Ann-Marie , Åberg Maria , Torén Kjell 
Published: January 2021

Background
Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated disease and psoriatic arthritis is a common coexisting condition. Cardiorespiratory fitness is the overall capacity to perform exertion exercise. Low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with negative health outcomes. Individuals with psoriasis have lower cardiorespiratory fitness compared with individuals without psoriasis. There are no previous studies exploring the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and new-onset psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.

Methods
With the objective to investigate whether low cardiorespiratory fitness in late adolescence increases the risk for onset of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, a cohort of Swedish men in compulsory military service between 1968 and 2005 was created using data from the Swedish Military Service Conscription Register. Cardiorespiratory fitness, estimated by maximum capacity cycle ergometer testing at conscription, was divided into three groups: high, medium, and low. Diagnoses were obtained using the Swedish National Patient Register and cohort members were followed from conscription until an event, new-onset psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis, occurred, or at the latest until 31 December 2016. Cox regression models adjusted for confounders at conscription were used to obtain hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals for incident psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.

Results
During the follow-up period (median follow-up time 31 years, range 0–48 years), 20,679 cases of incident psoriasis and 6,133 cases of incident psoriatic arthritis were found among 1,228,562 men (mean age at baseline 18.3 years). There was a significant association between low cardiorespiratory fitness and incident psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (hazard ratio 1.35 (95% confidence interval 1.26–1.44) and 1.44 (95% confidence interval 1.28–1.63), respectively).

Conclusions
These novel findings suggest that low cardiorespiratory fitness at an early age is associated with increased risk of incident psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis among men, and highlight the importance of assessing cardiorespiratory fitness early in life.
Risk Factors for Stunting under Two-Year-Old Children in Surabaya
Authors: Maulina Cintia , Rachmayanti Riris Diana 
Published: January 2021

Background: Indonesia is the fifth-highest number of stunting incidence in the world. Mothers’ conditions before, during, and after pregnancy were as major cause of stunting. This study aims to analyze the risk factors of stunting among children under two in Surabaya. Method: Analytical survey with a cross-sectional design was conducted on 233 selected samples from December 2019 to January 2020. Dataset for the Chi-square test comes from the measurement of the body height of under two-year-old children and interviews with mothers.Results: It shows that factor related to stunting under two-year-old children in Surabaya is history of Antenatal Care (ANC) during pregnancy (p-value =0,005). Pregnant mother who did non-routine ANC may risk 0,360 times higher to stunting condition. The incidence of stunting in Surabaya is not influenced by factors such as age, education, work status, income, history of Fe and protein consumption. Health office shoud encourage pregnant women to do ANC more than 4 times during pregnancy.