bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Updated Report on the Incidence and Epidemiological Trends of Keratinocyte Cancers in the United Kingdom 2013–2018
Authors: Kwiatkowska M. , Ahmed S. , Ardern-Jones M. , Bhatti L. A. , Bleiker T. O. , Gavin A. , Hussain S. , Huws D. W. , Irvine L. , Langan S. M. , Millington G. W. M. , Mitchell H. , Murphy R. , Paley L. , Proby C. M. , Thomson C. S. , Thomas R. , Turner C. , Vernon S. , Venables Z. C. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Introduction
The most common cancers in the UK are keratinocyte cancers (KCs): the combined term for basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCCs). Registration of KC is challenging due to high numbers and multiplicity of tumours per person.

Methods
We provide an updated report on the descriptive epidemiology of trends in KC incidence for the resident populations of UK countries (England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales) using population-based cancer registry and pathology report data, 2013–18.

Results
Substantial increases in cSCC incidence in England, Scotland and Northern Ireland can be detected for the period of 2013–18, and the incidence of cSCC also increased in Wales from 2016 to 2018. In contrast, however, the pattern of annual change in the incidence of BCC across the nations differs. In England, the incidence of BCC declined slightly from 2016 to 2018, however, the overall trend across 2013–18 is not statistically significant. In Scotland, the incidence of BCC shows some variability, declining in 2017 before increasing in 2018, and the overall trend across 2013–18 was also not statistically significant. In Northern Ireland, the incidence of BCC increased significantly over the study period, and in Wales, the incidence of BCC increased from 2016 to 2018. One in five people will develop non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) in their lifetime in England. This estimate is much higher than the lifetime risk of melanoma (1 in 36 males and 1 in 47 females born after 1960 in the UK), which further highlights the burden of the disease and importance of early prevention strategies.

Conclusions
We highlight how common these tumours are by publishing the first ever lifetime incidence of NMSC. Additionally, the first time reporting of the age standardised incidence of KC in Wales further confirms the scale of the disease burden posed by these cancers in the UK. With approximately one in five people developing NMSC in their lifetime, optimisation of skin cancer prevention, management and research are essential.
“Ion Pool” Structural Ion Storage Device: A New Strategy to Collect Ions by Nanoconfinement Effects
Authors: Wang Yuting , Chen Huaxiang , Jiang Jiaqiao , Zhai Jin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIon storage structure widely exists in organisms, which is used to harvesting energy in environment and converting it into ion concentration gradient to maintain complex life activities. The construction of ion storage structures relies on isolating the biological body fluids by biofilm systems, which can also be regarded as local ions confinement. Mimicking this ions storage process, an “ion pool” structural ion storage device is proposed in this research by artificial ion nanochannels, which can transform the electric power into ion concentration gradient. It is consisted of micrometer‐sized ions reservoir and nanosized ions filters. Ions can be isolated within the “pool” and performed ultrahigh ions enrichment or depletion behavior deviated from bulk. Through numerical simulation by Poisson–Nernst–Planck equations, “ion pool” structural device achieves nearly 20 000 rectification ratio with low surface charge. An “ion pool” structural ions storage device is also constructed with block copolymer and polyethylene terephthalate composite membranes, a super high rectification ratio of 3184.0 is achieved from the experiment, which is the highest reported so far. The ion storage efficiency of the device reaches 14.90%, which is an order of magnitude better than non‐“ion pool” structural nanofluid devices.
Self‐Hybrid Transition Metal Oxide Nanosheets Synthesized by a Facile Programmable and Scalable Carbonate‐Template Method
Authors: Xie Wenhe , Ren Yuan , Yu Bingjie , Yang Xuanyu , Gao Meiqi , Ma Junhao , Zou Yidong , Xu Pengcheng , Li Xinxin , Deng Yonghui 
Published: August 2021

Abstract2D transition metal oxides (TMO) nanosheets have attracted considerable attention in both fundamental research and practical applications. Herein, a convenient programmable and scalable carbonate crystals templating synthesis is developed to produce high‐quality self‐hybrid TMO nanosheets (Si‐WO3−x, TaxOy, MnxOy) and their respective polymetallic oxide hybrid nanosheets with tunable composition, low‐cost and high‐yield. Taking tungsten oxide nanosheets as example, silicotungstic acid precursor is in situ converted into tungsten oxide nanosheets like scales on the surface of calcium carbonate crystals through the simple soaking‐drying‐calcination process, and after selectively dissolving calcium carbonate by etching, the dispersive tungsten oxide nanosheets with unique self‐hybrid Si‐doped h‐WO3/ε‐WO3/WO2 compositions are obtained, which show excellent acetone gas‐sensing performances at low temperatures. This carbonate‐template method opens up the possibility to economically produce various functional TMO nanosheets with specific compositions for diverse applications.
Ion Irradiation Inducing Oxygen Vacancy‐Rich NiO/NiFe2O4 Heterostructure for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Zhong Huizhou , Gao Guoping , Wang Xuening , Wu Hengyi , Shen Shaohua , Zuo Wenbin , Cai Guangxu , Wei Guo , Shi Ying , Fu Dejun , Jiang Changzhong , Wang Lin‐Wang , Ren Feng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOxygen evolution reaction (OER) is an obstacle to the electrocatalytic water splitting due to its unique four‐proton‐and‐electron‐transfer reaction process. Many methods, such as engineering heterostructure and introducing oxygen vacancy, have been used to improve the catalytic performance of electrocatalysts for OER. Herein, the above two kinds of regulation are simultaneously realized in a catalyst by using unique ion irradiation technology. A nanosheet structured NiO/NiFe2O4 heterostructure with rich oxygen vacancies converted from nickel–iron layered double hydroxides by Ar+ ions irradiation shows significant enhancement in both OER and hydrogen evolution reaction performance. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the construction of NiO/NiFe2O4 can optimize the free energy of O* to OOH* process during OER reaction. The oxygen vacancy‐rich NiO/NiFe2O4 nanosheets have an overpotential of 279 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a low Tafel slope of 42 mV dec−1. Moreover, this NiO/NiFe2O4 electrode shows an excellent long‐term stability at 100 mA cm−2 for 450 h. The synergetic effects between NiO and NiFe2O4 make NiO/NiFe2O4 heterostructure have high conductivity and fast charge transfer, abundant active sites, and high catalytic reactivity, contributing to its excellent performance.
A novel strength behavior prediction model of self‐compacting concrete with foundry sand and hybrid fibers
Authors: Aruchamy Vennila , Ramasamy Venkatasubramani , Venkatraman Sreevidya 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper, an Improved FireFly Optimization Algorithm (IFFOA)‐based optimal Self‐Organizing Polynomial Neural Network (SOPNN) is proposed to analyze the compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength of the self‐compacting concrete (SCC) with the inclusion of hybrid fibers whenever exposed to high temperature. The SCC mixture is formed by the materials taken in this study along with the hybrid fibers. The preparation of SCC is made by adding water to powder with a proportion of 3:10 and hybrid fibers content is about 2 kg/m3. The samples are heated to a temperature of 210, 320, 530, and 790° at the duration of 7 and 28 days. Experiments are performed to analyze the loss in compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength. The proposed method is used to analyze the loss functions based on the amount of cement, aggregates, temperature, additives along with the inclusion, and exclusion of hybrid fibers. Further, it is found the proposed method analyzes the loss in compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength of SCC more accurately than the other methods.
A case of feline large granular lymphocyte lymphoma with complete remission and long survival by surgical resection and adjuvant nimustine administration
Authors: Akiyoshi Makoto , Akiyoshi Masami 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA 7‐year‐old spayed female Scottish Fold cat presented with a 4‐week history of anorexia, weight loss and vomiting. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a jejunal mass and a slightly enlarged jejunal lymph node. A fine‐needle aspiration of the mass revealed many round cells with multiple small intracytoplasmic magenta granules. The mass was diagnosed as a large granular lymphocyte (LGL) lymphoma based on cytology. The LGL lymphoma was completely resected via open surgery. The histologic and cytologic evaluations showed no neoplastic findings in the jejunal lymph node, liver, spleen, kidney or bone marrow. The LGL lymphoma was localized to the jejunum. Postoperatively, the cat received chemotherapy with nimustine, L‐asparaginase and prednisolone. The cat is currently receiving nimustine every 6 weeks, without adverse events, and treatment has been administrated a total of 18 times up until day 552. The cat is in a good condition, and the LGL lymphoma has not recurred. Nimustine should be considered one of the effective chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of feline LGL lymphoma cases in the future.
Perioperative use of thoracic epidural anaesthesia, dexmedetomidine and magnesium sulphate infusion in a dog undergoing neuroendocrine tumour resection
Authors: Viilmann Inga , Vettorato Enzo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAn 11‐year‐old, 22 kg, male neutered English Staffordshire Bull Terrier, in which a pheochromocytoma was removed from the left retroperitoneal space, was referred to investigate the regrowth of a mass in the same region. A neuroendocrine tumour, compatible with pheochromocytoma, was cytologically diagnosed after ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspirates, and the dog underwent explorative celiotomy. A combination of thoracic epidural anaesthesia, dexmedetomidine and magnesium sulphate infusion was used intraoperatively to control nociception and potential haemodynamic changes caused by sudden catecholamines release. Postoperative analgesia was provided by administering 0.12% levobupivacaine through the thoracic epidural catheter and oral paracetamol and gabapentin. Postoperative methadone was administered twice during the first 24 postoperative hours only. Two days after the surgery, the dog was anaemic and packed red blood cells were administered. No other complications occurred, and the dog was discharged from the hospital 5 days following surgery.
From fossil to low carbon: The evolution of global public energy innovation
Authors: Zhang Fang , Gallagher Kelly Sims , Myslikova Zdenka , Narassimhan Easwaran , Bhandary Rishikesh Ram , Huang Ping 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA review of global and national energy research, development, and demonstration (RD&D) investments between 2000 and 2018 reveals that global public energy RD&D and cleaner energy RD&D investments dramatically increased, but then plateaued after 2009. In absolute values, nuclear energy has held steady, fossil energy contracted, and clean energy RD&D quadrupled. As a percentage of overall investments, both fossil fuel and nuclear investments contracted during the period. This review compares the energy innovation priorities of the world's largest economies using the metric of public expenditures on energy RD&D. China and India have become important global public investors in energy innovation, now among the top five globally. Priorities set by the Chinese and Indian governments will thus influence new energy technology breakthroughs in the coming years. The US and Chinese governments are now competing for first place in clean energy RD&D, depending on whether or not nuclear and cross‐cutting technologies are included. India has dedicated substantial funding to indigenizing nuclear power technologies. Energy RD&D by state‐owned enterprises (SOEs) in major emerging economies remains skewed toward fossil fuels and nuclear. Reforming SOE expenditures to move away from fossil fuels could have a major impact on global energy technology trajectories, making a material difference in the quest to decarbonize the energy system.This article is categorized under:
TheCarbon Economy and Climate Mitigation > Policies, Instruments, Lifestyles,Behavior
Hyperbolic three-string vertex
Authors: Fırat Atakan Hilmi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We begin developing tools to compute off-shell string amplitudes with the recently proposed hyperbolic string vertices of Costello and Zwiebach. Exploiting the relation between a boundary value problem for Liouville’s equation and a monodromy problem for a Fuchsian equation, we construct the local coordinates around the punctures for the generalized hyperbolic three-string vertex and investigate their various limits. This vertex corresponds to the general pants diagram with three boundary geodesics of unequal lengths. We derive the conservation laws associated with such vertex and perform sample computations. We note the relevance of our construction to the calculations of the higher-order string vertices using the pants decomposition of hyperbolic Riemann surfaces.
Radiative lepton mass and muon g − 2 with suppressed lepton flavor and CP violations
Authors: Yin Wen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The recent experimental status, including the confirmation of the muon g − 2 anomaly at Fermilab, indicates a Beyond Standard Model (BSM) satisfying the following properties: 1) it enhances the g − 2 2) suppresses flavor violations, such as μ → eγ, 3) suppresses CP violations, such as the electron electric dipole moment (EDM). In this letter, I show that the eigenbasis of the mass matrix and higher dimensional photon operators can be automatically aligned if the masses of heavy leptons are generated radiatively together with the g − 2. As a result, the muon g − 2 is enhanced but the EDM of the electron and μ → eγ rate are naturally suppressed. Phenomenology and applications of the mechanism to the B-physics anomalies are argued.
Volume complexity for Janus AdS3 geometries
Authors: Auzzi Roberto , Baiguera Stefano , Bonansea Sara , Nardelli Giuseppe , Toccacelo Kristian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We investigate the complexity=volume proposal in the case of Janus AdS3 geometries, both at zero and finite temperature. The leading contribution coming from the Janus interface is a logarithmic divergence, whose coefficient is a function of the dilaton excursion. In the presence of the defect, complexity is no longer topological and becomes temperature-dependent. We also study the time evolution of the extremal volume for the time-dependent Janus BTZ black hole. This background is not dual to an interface but to a pair of entangled CFTs with different values of the couplings. At late times, when the equilibrium is restored, the couplings of the CFTs do not influence the complexity rate. On the contrary, the complexity rate for the out-of-equilibrium system is always smaller compared to the pure BTZ black hole background.
Colourful Poincaré symmetry, gravity and particle actions
Authors: Gomis Joaquim , Joung Euihun , Kleinschmidt Axel , Mkrtchyan Karapet 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We construct a generalisation of the three-dimensional Poincaré algebra that also includes a colour symmetry factor. This algebra can be used to define coloured Poincaré gravity in three space-time dimensions as well as to study generalisations of massive and massless free particle models. We present various such generalised particle models that differ in which orbits of the coloured Poincaré symmetry are described. Our approach can be seen as a stepping stone towards the description of particles interacting with a non-abelian background field or as a starting point for a worldline formulation of an associated quantum field theory.
Precision axion physics with running axion couplings
Authors: Choi Kiwoon , Im Sang Hui , Kim Hee Jung , Seong Hyeonseok 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We study the renormalization group running of axion couplings while taking into account that the Standard Model can be extended to its supersymmetric extension at a certain energy scale below the axion decay constant. We then apply our results to three different classes of axion models, i.e. KSVZ-like, DFSZ-like, and string-theoretic axions, and examine if string-theoretic axions can be distinguished from others by having a different pattern of low energy couplings to the photon, nucleons and electron. We find that the low energy couplings of string-theoretic axions have a similar pattern as those of KSVZ-like axions but yet reveal a sizable difference which might be testable in future axion search experiments. We also note that the coupling of KSVZ-like QCD axions to the electron is dominated by a three-loop contribution involving the exotic heavy quark, gluons, top quark and Higgs field.
Asymptotic quasinormal modes of string-theoretical d-dimensional black holes
Authors: Moura Filipe , Rodrigues João 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We compute the quasinormal frequencies of d-dimensional spherically symmetric black holes with leading string α′ corrections for tensorial gravitational perturbations in the highly damped regime. We solve perturbatively the master differential equation and we compute the monodromies of the master perturbation variable (analytically continued to the complex plane) in different contours, in order to obtain the quasinormal mode spectra. We proceed analogously for the quasinormal modes of test scalar fields. Differently than in Einstein gravity, we obtain distinct results for the two cases.
Observables in inhomogeneous ground states at large global charge
Authors: Hellerman Simeon , Kobayashi Nozomu , Maeda Shunsuke , Watanabe Masataka 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
As a sequel to previous work, we extend the study of the ground state configuration of the D = 3, Wilson-Fisher conformal O(4) model. In this work, we prove that for generic ratios of two charge densities, ρ1/ρ2, the ground-state configuration is inhomogeneous and that the inhomogeneity expresses itself towards longer spatial periods. This is the direct extension of the similar statements we previously made for ρ1/ρ2 ≪ 1. We also compute, at fixed set of charges, ρ1, ρ2, the ground state energy and the two-point function(s) associated with this inhomogeneous configuration on the torus. The ground state energy was found to scale (ρ1 + ρ2)3/2, as dictated by dimensional analysis and similarly to the case of the O(2) model. Unlike the case of the O(2) model, the ground also strongly violates cluster decomposition in the large-volume, fixed-density limit, with a two-point function that is negative definite at antipodal points of the torus at leading order at large charge.
Tidal excitation as mixing in thermal CFT
Authors: Engelsöy Julius , Sundborg Bo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We use mixed correlators in thermal CFT as clean probes of the strong gravity effects in their holographic duals. The dual interpretation of mixing is an inelastic conversion of one field to another field, induced by gravity: tidal excitation. We find an enhanced mixing at high temperatures, corresponding to large AdS black holes, concentrated to small boundary momenta, dual to the deep bulk, where strong gravitational fields are expected. We also find large $$ \mathcal{O}\left(1/{G}_N\right) $$
O

1
/

G
N

tidal conversion in the low temperature phase of the U(N) vector model, strengthening suspicions that the bulk dual of this phase also houses extremely compact objects.
Robotische Hernienchirurgie III
Authors: Dietz Ulrich A. , Kudsi O. Yusef , Garcia-Ureña Miguel , Baur Johannes , Ramser Michaela , Maksimovic Sladjana , Keller Nicola , Dörfer Jörg , Eisner Lukas , Wiegering Armin 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Prinzip der gezielten Trennung bzw. Schwächung einzelner Komponenten der Bauchdecke zur Spannungsentlastung der Medianlinie bei großen abdominellen Rekonstruktionen ist seit über 30 Jahren als anteriore Komponentenseparation (aKS) bekannt und ein etabliertes Verfahren. Auf der Suche nach Alternativen mit geringerer Komplikationsrate wurde die posteriore Komponentenseparation (pKS) entwickelt; der „transversus abdominis release“ (TAR) ist eine nervenschonende Modifikation der pKS. Mit den ergonomischen Ressourcen der Robotik (z. B. abgewinkelte Instrumente) kann der TAR minimal-invasiv durchgeführt werden (r-TAR): Bruchlücken von bis zu 14 cm lassen sich verschließen und ein großes extraperitoneales Netz implantieren. In diesem Videobeitrag wird die Versorgung großer Inzisionalhernien in der r‑TAR-Technik präsentiert. Exemplarisch werden die Ergebnisse einer Kohortenstudie an 13 konsekutiven Patienten vorgestellt. Der Eingriff ist anspruchsvoll, die eigenen Ergebnisse sind – wie auch die Berichte aus der Literatur – ermutigend. Der r‑TAR entwickelt sich zur Königsdisziplin der Bauchdeckenrekonstruktion.
Interdisziplinärer Expertenkonsensus zu Innovationen der bildgebenden Diagnostik und radionuklidbasierten Therapien des fortgeschrittenen Prostatakarzinoms
Authors: Beyersdorff Dirk , Rahbar Kambiz , Essler Markus , Ganswindt Ute , Grosu Anca﻿-﻿Ligia , Gschwend Jürgen E. , Miller Kurt , Scheidhauer Klemens , Schlemmer Heinz﻿-﻿Peter , Wolff Johannes Maria , Krause Bernd Joachim 
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die zahlreichen diagnostischen und therapeutischen Innovationen beim fortgeschrittenen Prostatakarzinom, sowohl in der hormonsensitiven als auch in der kastrationsresistenten Situation, haben in den letzten Jahren zu einer Neuorientierung beim Management dieses Tumors geführt. Ungeachtet der bereits in Teilen in der S3-Leitlinie zu Früherkennung, Diagnose und Therapie des Prostatakarzinoms abgebildeten neuen diagnostischen und therapeutischen Methoden, gibt es in der klinischen Versorgung darüber hinaus gehende Fälle, in denen Patienten von diesen innovativen Verfahren potenziell profitieren könnten.

Fragestellung
Seit Juli 2018 trifft sich deshalb eine interdisziplinäre Expertengruppe aus Nuklearmedizinern, Radiologen, Radioonkologen und Urologen, um ein Konsensuspapier zu Innovationen der bildgebenden Diagnostik und radionuklidbasierten Therapien des fortgeschrittenen Prostatakarzinoms vor dem Hintergrund aktueller Studien und Erfahrungen im klinischen Alltag zu erarbeiten.

Schlussfolgerung
Der Arbeitskreis gibt Anregungen, um zu einer besseren Implementierung neuer bildgebender Techniken, wie multiparametrische Magnetresonanztomographie (mpMRT), PSMA-PET/CT (prostataspezifisches Membranantigen – Positronenemissionstomographie/Computertomographie) und innovativer therapeutischer Optionen (Radium-223-dichlorid, Lutetium-177-PSMA) bei den komplexen Therapieoptionen des fortgeschrittenen Prostatakarzinoms beizutragen.