bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon limitation overrides acidification in mediating soil microbial activity to nitrogen enrichment in a temperate grassland
Authors: Ning Qiushi , Hättenschwiler Stephan , Lü Xiaotao , Kardol Paul , Zhang Yunhai , Wei Cunzheng , Xu Chengyuan , Huang Jianhui , Li Ang , Yang Junjie , Wang Jing , Peng Yang , Peñuelas Josep , Sardans Jordi , He Jizheng , Xu Zhihong , Gao Yingzhi , Han Xingguo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHigher ecosystem nitrogen (N) inputs resulting from human activities often suppress soil microbial biomass and respiration, thereby altering biogeochemical cycling. Soil acidification and carbon (C) limitation may drive these microbial responses, yet their relative importance remains elusive, which limits our understanding of the longer term effects of increasing N inputs. In a field experiment with continuous N addition at seven different rates from 0 to 50 g N m−2 year−1 over 6 years in a temperate grassland of Inner Mongolia, China, we examined the responses of soil microbial biomass and respiration to changes in soil acidity and C availability by adding lime and/or glucose to soil samples. Soil microbial biomass and respiration did only weakly respond to increasing soil pH, but increased strongly in response to higher C availability with increasing N addition rates. Soil net N immobilization increased in response to glucose addition, and soil microbial biomass increased at higher rates than microbial respiration along the gradient of previous N addition rates, both suggesting increasingly reinforced microbial C limitation with increasing N addition. Our results provide clear evidence for strong N‐induced microbial C limitation, but only little support for soil acidity effects within the initial pH range of 4.73–7.86 covered by our study. Field data support this conclusion by showing reduced plant C allocation belowground in response to N addition, resulting in soil microbial C starvation over the long term. In conclusion, soil microbial biomass and respiration under N addition were strongly dependent on C availability, most likely originating from plant belowground C inputs, and was much less affected by changes in soil pH. Our data help clarify a long‐standing debate about how increasing N input rates affect soil microbial biomass and respiration, and improve the mechanistic understanding of the linkages between ecosystem N enrichment and C cycling.
Effects of inflammatory prostatitis on the development and progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia: A literature review
Authors: Tsunemori Hiroyuki , Sugimoto Mikio 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBenign prostatic hyperplasia is a major disease that affects the quality of life of middle‐aged and older men. Although >70% of men aged >70 years have pathological benign prostatic hyperplasia, its pathogenesis and progression remain unclear. In this article, we reviewed the scientific literature on this condition and examined the development of lower urinary tract symptoms. Clinically, the weight of the prostate is not always proportional to the severity of the symptoms, and many factors can influence the progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Other than androgens, chronic inflammation can play an essential role in its development and the induction of symptoms, especially in symptomatic hyperplasia, because inflammatory cell infiltration is frequently observed in the prostate. Inflammation‐induced changes in the prostate environment lead to changes in gene expression and subsequent chronicity of inflammation. It has been suggested that chronic asymptomatic prostatitis might be associated with changes in prostate structure and subsequent symptoms. In animal studies, the administration of anti‐inflammatory drugs in rats with chronic prostatitis prevented the infiltration of inflammatory cells and increased the gland‐to‐stroma ratio. It is hoped that future research on the molecular biology of asymptomatic prostatitis might help to develop new therapeutic strategies for lower urinary tract symptoms associated with symptomatic prostatitis. Our conclusions provide a comprehensive insight into the prevalence and development of benign prostate hyperplasia and the treatment methods that can be used to treat it.
Ecological and geographical marginality in rear edge populations of Palaearctic forest birds
Authors: Tellería José Luis , Hernández‐Lambraño Ricardo Enrique , Carbonell Roberto 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimThe centre–periphery hypothesis predicts that habitat suitability will decrease at the edge of a species’ range, a pattern often questioned by empirical data. Here we explore if habitat suitability decreases southwards and shapes the abundance distribution of rear edge populations of forest birds within the restricted geographical setting of the south‐western Palaearctic. We also test if birds endemic to the area fit more poorly to the latitudinal decrease in habitat suitability due to the putative effect of adaptations to regional conditions.LocationNorth‐western Africa (Morocco).TaxonPasserines (11 species).MethodsBird occurrences were used to model species distribution and line transects were used to estimate bird abundance. Occurrence probabilities provided by species distribution models were used to display the spatial patterning of habitat suitability. Habitat suitability was employed to predict abundance after controlling for the effect of the distance to some regional source areas of forest birds (tree covered large areas). The species were classified as North African endemic according to an updated review of their taxonomic status.ResultsHabitat suitability decreased southwards, supporting the predicted relationship between ecological and geographical marginality in most species. Abundance was positively correlated with habitat suitability and negatively correlated with distance to source areas. The taxonomic status of birds did not affect the patterns.Main conclusionsThe southward decrease in habitat suitability predicted by the centre–periphery hypothesis shapes the distribution of rear edge populations of forest birds within the south‐western Palaearctic. As most of these populations are endemic, the results suggest that they track the gradients in isolation within the geographical setting of north‐western Africa. These results support the vulnerability of these isolated, peripheral populations of forest birds to large‐scale environmental changes in a region under the effect of increasing drought and temperature.
A new linkage group involved in sex determination in haplotilapiine cichlids
Authors: Takahashi Tetsumi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe high diversity of sex chromosomes and sex determination systems among haplotilapiines suggests that this large cichlid clade is a good model for investigating the evolution of genetics of sex determination. Nonetheless, information about sex determination in this clade remains sparse. The present study reports a microsatellite marker that is closely associated with sex in Xenotilapia rotundiventralis from Lake Tanganyika, Africa. This study is the first to suggest the role of linkage group 17 in sex determination in haplotilapiine cichlids.
Negative Home Equity and Household Labor Supply
Authors: BERNSTEIN ASAF 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTUsing U.S. household‐level data and plausibly exogenous variation in the location‐timing of home purchases with a single lender, I find that negative home equity causes a 2% to 6% reduction in household labor supply. Supporting causality, households are observationally equivalent at origination and equally sensitive to local housing shocks that do not cause negative equity. Results also hold comparing purchases within the same year‐metropolitan statistical area that differ by only a few months. Though multiple channels are likely at work, evidence of nonlinear effects is broadly consistent with costs associated with housing lock and financial distress.
Hemorrhagic shock caused by primary splenic pregnancy with spontaneous splenic rupture
Authors: Wang Hanyi , He Dongyun , Gao Shouyang , Wang Liyan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe subject, splenic pregnancy, is very rare and interesting with about a few cases reported to date. This case report describes a healthy 17‐year‐old girl admitted to our hospital who complained of amenorrhea for 30 days, intermittent abdominal pain for 3 days and worsening for 1 h. The serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was greater than 10000.0 IU/L. Pelvic ultrasonography showed a adnexal mass and empty uterine cavity. Due to consideration of “ectopic pregnancy,” emergency laparoscopic surgery was performed. However, no clear lesions and bleeding points were detected during the operation. On postoperative day 2, hemoglobin level dropped sharply, meanwhile serum hCG increased significantly. Subsequent ultrasound showed a 4.4 × 4.1 × 2.6 cm gestational sac‐like echo below the spleen. Laparotomy detected pregnancy tissues measured 4.0 × 3.5 cm next to the splenic hilum. Finally, the splenectomy was performed. Our case suggests that early diagnosis of splenic pregnancy is very difficult, especially when other conditions are combined. Despite this, we should still enrich ourself medical knowledge and clinical experience, and try to avoid the occurrence of splenic rupture.
Pre‐natal and post‐natal diagnosis of congenital upper limb differences: The first 3 years of the Australian Hand Difference Register
Authors: O'Keefe David , Kennedy Joanne , McCombe David , Coombs Chris , Hui Lisa , Wilks Daniel , Halliday Jane 
Published: August 2021

AimsChildren with a congenital upper limb difference (CoULD) are a diverse group who often require multidisciplinary care and long‐term support for functional and social impacts. The Australian Hand Difference Register (AHDR) provides a national database of children born with a CoULD and aims to facilitate research and improve health care for affected children. Using data from the first 3 years of its operation, we analysed the demographic and clinical features of participating families, including type of CoULDs and the frequency of pre‐natal and syndromic diagnoses.MethodsFamilies were recruited from tertiary plastic surgery, orthopaedic and genetics clinics, as well as by self‐referral. Hand differences were classified by the consulting physician according to the Oberg–Manske–Tonkin classification system. Primary carers were invited to complete an online questionnaire covering demographic information, pregnancy and newborn outcomes and diagnostic details.ResultsBetween August 2017 and September 2020, 822 families consented and 320 questionnaires were reviewed. CoULDs were detected pre‐natally in 66 (20.6%) and post‐natally in 248 children (77.5%); data for 6 (1.9%) children were missing. The most common CoULDs were radial polydactyly, symbrachydactyly with ectodermal elements and radial longitudinal deficiency, hypoplastic thumb. Twenty‐seven children (8.4%) had an associated syndrome, 7 diagnosed pre‐natally and 19 post‐natally; the most common were VACTERL association, Poland anomaly, Holt–Oram and ectrodactyly–ectodermal dysplasia–clefting syndromes.ConclusionsThe AHDR is a valuable resource for understanding the relative frequencies of CoULDs. Participation will assist future research into the diagnostic journeys of children with CoULDs, including risk factors, diagnosis and psychosocial impacts.
Maternal chronic hepatitis B virus infection and the risk of preterm birth: A retrospective cohort analysis in Chinese women
Authors: Xu Chuanlu , Bao Yirong , Zuo Jia , Li Yuhong , Tang Yuping , Qu Xiaoxian , Ying Hao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe association between different clinical states of chronic HBV infection and preterm birth (PTB) is still controversial. A retrospective cohort study among 57,386 pregnant women was conducted to examine the impact of chronic HBsAg positive, both HBsAg and HBeAg positive, and chronic active hepatitis on pregnancy complications related to the overall PTB and its subtypes (spontaneous and iatrogenic). A total of 54,245 pregnancies were included in the final study cohort, among which 2,151(4.0%) pregnant women were HBsAg positive. The PTB rate was 6.0% (129/2151) for HBV‐infected women while 4.5% (2319/52094) for those not. Compared with women not infected with HBV, multivariable‐adjusted analyses showed HBV‐infected women had a 33% higher risk of overall PTB (aRR 1.33 95%CI, 1.11–1.60), a 27% higher risk of spontaneous PTB (aRR 1.27, 95% CI, 1.02–1.57) and a 50% higher risk of iatrogenic PTB (aRR 1.50, 95%CI, 1.07–2.11). The PTB rate was 8.9% (35/395) for both HBsAg and HBeAg‐positive women and 16.2% (22/136) for women with active chronic hepatitis. Multivariable‐adjusted analyses showed women who were both HBsAg and HBeAg positive had a 47% higher risk of overall PTB (aRR 1.47, 95%CI, 1.04–2.09), a 2.03 times higher risk of spontaneous PTB (aRR 2.03, 95%CI, 1.38–2.99) and a 32% higher risk of iatrogenic PTB (aRR 1.32, 95%CI, 0.62–2.81), while women with chronic active hepatitis had a 3.84 times higher risk of overall PTB (aRR 3.84, 95%CI, 2.42–6.10), a 3.88 times higher risk of spontaneous PTB (aRR 3.88, 95%CI, 2.32–6.45) and a 3.01 times higher risk of iatrogenic PTB (aRR 3.01, 95%CI, 1.22–7.44). Different maternal clinical states of chronic HBV infection are independently associated with an increased risk of overall PTB and its subtypes (spontaneous and iatrogenic).
Congruence between ocean‐dispersal modelling and phylogeography explains recent evolutionary history of Cycas species with buoyant seeds
Authors: Liu Jian , Lindstrom Anders J. , Chen Yong‐Sheng , Nathan Ran , Gong Xun 
Published: August 2021

Summary

Ocean currents play a significant role in driving the long‐distance dispersal (LDD), spatial distribution and phylogeographic patterns of many organisms. Integrating phylogeographic analyses and mechanistic ocean current modelling can provide novel insights into the evolutionary history of terrestrial littoral species but has been rarely applied in this context.

We focused on a group of Cycas that have buoyant seeds and occupy coastal habitats. By integrating evidence from mechanistic simulations and whole plastomic data, we examined the role of ocean circulation in shaping the phylogeography of these Cycas species.

Plastomes of the studied Cycas species showed extreme conservatism, following a post‐Pleistocene divergence. Phylogenies revealed three subclades, corresponding to the Pacific Ocean, Sunda Shelf and Indian Ocean. The ocean modelling results indicate that hotspots of seed stranding coincide well with the contemporary distribution of the Cycas species and that drifting trajectories from the three subclades are largely confined to separate regions.

These findings suggest that ocean current systems, by driving long‐distance dispersal, have shaped the distribution and phylogeography for Cycas with buoyant seeds. This study highlights how the combination of genomic data and ocean drift modelling can help explain phylogeographic patterns and diversity in terrestrial littoral ecosystems.
The genome ofCymbidium sinenserevealed the evolution of orchid traits
Authors: Yang Feng‐Xi , Gao Jie , Wei Yong‐Lu , Ren Rui , Zhang Guo‐Qiang , Lu Chu‐Qiao , Jin Jian‐Peng , Ai Ye , Wang Ya‐Qin , Chen Li‐Jun , Ahmad Sagheer , Zhang Di‐Yang , Sun Wei‐Hong , Tsai Wen‐Chieh , Liu Zhong‐Jian , Zhu Gen‐Fa 
Published: August 2021

SummaryThe Orchidaceae is of economic and ecological importance and constitutes ˜10% of all seed plant species. Here, we report a genome physical map forCymbidium sinense, a well‐known species belonging to genusCymbidiumthat has thousands of natural variation varieties of flower organs, flower and leaf colours and also referred as the King of Fragrance, which make it arose into a unique cultural symbol in China. The high‐quality chromosome‐scale genome assembly was 3.52 Gb in size, 29 638 protein‐coding genes were predicted, and evidence for whole‐genome duplication shared with other orchids was provided. Marked amplification of cytochrome‐ and photosystem‐related genes was observed, which was consistent with the shade tolerance and dark green leaves ofC. sinense. Extensive duplication of MADS‐box genes, and the resulting subfunctional and expressional differentiation, was associated with regulation of species‐specific flower traits, including wild‐type and mutant‐type floral patterning, seasonal flowering and ecological adaption.CsSEP4was originally found to positively regulate gynostemium development. TheCsSVPgenes and their interaction proteins CsAP1 and CsSOC1 were significantly expanded and involved in the regulation of low‐temperature‐dependent flowering. Important genetic clues to the colourful leaf traits, purple‐black flowers and volatile trait inC.sinensewere also found. The results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of important phenotypic traits ofCymbidiumand its evolution and serve as a powerful platform for future evolutionary studies and molecular breeding of orchids.
Improvement of Skin Barrier Dysfunction by Phenolic‐containing Extracts of Lycium barbarum via Nrf2/HO‐1 Regulation
Authors: Liu Guan‐Ting , Li Yong‐Liang , Wang Jing , Dong Chang‐Zhi , Deng Minggao , Tai Meiling , Deng Lili , Che Biao , Lin Li , Du Zhi‐Yun , Chen Hui‐Xiong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLycium barbarum have received an increasing popularity due to its powerful biological activity and medicinal use. However, the effect of Lycium barbarum on skin remains largely uncharacterized. The general purpose of this paper was to characterize the phenolic compounds in Lycium barbarum extract (LBE) using LC‐HRMS/QTOF method and to investigate whether topical administration of LBE can repair skin barrier dysfunction in mice. Our data demonstrated that LBE could not only decrease ROS level and matrix metalloproteinase expression, but also strengthen intrinsic antioxidant defense system including SOD, GSH‐Px and CAT, thereby resulting in increased skin collagen content and an improvement of UV‐induced skin erythema, thickness and wrinkles. Improved skin barrier functions were highly correlated with increased expression of filaggrin, involucrin and loricrin as well as antioxidant proteins such as Nrf2 and HO‐1 in UV‐irradiated mice, suggesting that LBE may be promising natural products at a lower cost for the topical application in the treatment of skin diseases with defective barrier function.
Auditory spatial attention gradients and cognitive control as a function of vigilance
Authors: Golob Edward J. , Nelson Jeremy T. , Scheuerman Jaelle , Venable Kristen B. , Mock Jeffrey R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSelection and effort are central to attention, yet it is unclear whether they draw on a common pool of cognitive resources, and if so, whether there are differences for early versus later stages of cognitive processing. This study assessed effort by quantifying the vigilance decrement, and spatial processing at early and later stages as a function of time‐on‐task. Participants performed an auditory spatial attention task, with occasional “catch” trials requiring no response. Psychophysiological measures included bilateral cerebral blood flow (transcranial Doppler), pupil dilation, and blink rate. The shape of attention gradients using reaction time indexed early processing, and did not significantly vary over time. Later stimulus‐response conflict was comparable over time, except for a reduction to left hemispace stimuli. Target and catch trial accuracy decreased with time, with a more abrupt decrease for catch versus target trials. Diffusion decision modeling found progressive decreases in information accumulation rate and non‐decision time, and the adoption of more liberal response criteria. Cerebral blood flow increased from baseline and then decreased over time, particularly in the left hemisphere. Blink rate steadily increased over time, while pupil dilation increased only at the beginning and then returned towards baseline. The findings suggest dissociations between resources for selectivity and effort. Measures of high subjective effort and temporal declines in catch trial accuracy and cerebral blood flow velocity suggest a standard vigilance decrement was evident in parallel with preserved selection. Different attentional systems and classes of computations that may account for dissociations between selectivity versus effort are discussed.
Integration of Functional Resonance Analysis with Multicriteria Analysis for Sociotechnical Systems Risk Management
Authors: Alboghobeish Ali , Shirali Gholam Abbas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWater reservoirs are considered very important storage facilities for the condition of peak demand in the agriculture industry. The construction process of a water reservoir may be accompanied by multiple risks. This study is aimed at identifying the emerging risks resulting from variability in different functions and at prioritizing them based on the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method. In fact, the potential variability (emerging risks), possible dependencies/couplings, and the barriers used for damping this variability were assessed using Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM). The AHP method was then applied to prioritize the various functions. The results of FRAM modeling indicated that there was the possibility of a high variability in five functions. In this context, the AHP findings showed that “initial studies on the construction of the pool” with the weight of 0.310 and “excavation” with the weight of 0.308 were the most important functions in this study. In addition, the results of this study demonstrated that AHP may be a desired alternative for the identification of performance variability and the aggregation of variability.
Domain Prediction with Grouped Income Data
Authors: Walter Paul , Groß Marcus , Schmid Timo , Tzavidis Nikos 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOne popular small area estimation method for estimating poverty and inequality indicators is the empirical best predictor under the unit-level nested error regression model with a continuous dependent variable. However, parameter estimation is more challenging when the response variable is grouped due to data confidentiality concerns or concerns about survey response burden. The work in this paper proposes methodology that enables fitting a nested error regression model when the dependent variable is grouped. Model parameters are then used for small area prediction of finite population parameters of interest. Model fitting in the case of a grouped response variable is based on the use of a stochastic expectation–maximization algorithm. Since the stochastic expectation–maximization algorithm relies on the Gaussian assumptions of the unit-level error terms, adaptive transformations are incorporated for handling departures from normality. The estimation of the mean squared error of the small area parameters is facilitated by a parametric bootstrap that captures the additional uncertainty due to the grouping mechanism and the possible use of adaptive transformations. The empirical properties of the proposed methodology are assessed by using model-based simulations and its relevance is illustrated by estimating deprivation indicators for municipalities in the Mexican state of Chiapas.