bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age and Sex-Specific Associations in Health Risk Factors for Chronic Disease: Evidence from the Atlantic Partnership for Tomorrow’s Health (PATH) Cohort
Authors: DeClercq Vanessa , Sweeney Ellen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to discern health risk factors for chronic disease by age and sex in a Canadian cohort. Participants of the Atlantic Partnership for Tomorrow’s Health (PATH) cohort with health risk factor data (physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, diet, body mass index [BMI]) were included (n = 16,165). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the relationship among health risk factors, age, and sex. Regression analysis revealed that the odds of engaging in high levels of physical activity and having a BMI ≥ 25 was lower for females than males across all age groups, whereas the odds of abdominal obesity was substantially higher for females of all ages than for males. The odds of habitually consuming alcohol was lower for females of all ages than for males, and the odds of being a former/current smoker was lower for older (57–74 years of age) females than for males. The odds of consuming five or more servings of fruit and vegetables per day was higher for females of all ages than for males. There are evident differences in health risk factors for males and for females, as well as across age groups, and public health efforts need to account for the role played by sex and age in addressing chronic disease burden in Canadian adults.
Fleeting gestures and changing styles of greeting: researching daily life in British towns in the long eighteenth century
Authors: Corfield Penelope J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractResearching the history of daily greetings is challenging, because references are casual and scattered through many sources. Nonetheless, some broad trends are apparent. In eighteenth-century Britain, the old tradition of deep bowing and curtseying was slowly attenuating into a brisker touching of the cap or head (for men) and a quick bob (for women). Yet that transition was not the whole story. Simultaneously, a new form of urban greeting, in the form of the handshake, was emerging. The strengths and weaknesses of many different sources are here assessed, including novels, plays, letters, diaries, etiquette books, travelogues and legal depositions, as well as artwork. Strategies for analysis are identified, with a warning against generalizing from single references in single sources. Finally, the emergence of the handshake among the middle class in Britain's eighteenth-century towns gives a clear signal that socio-cultural change does not invariably start at the ‘top’ and ‘trickle down’.
First experiences of local pulse wave velocity measurements in 4D-MRI	in focally stented femoropopliteal arteries
Authors: Hermann Ingo , Shchetynska-Marinova Tetyana , Amendt Klaus , Hohneck Anna-Lena , Schönberg Stefan O. , Zöllner Frank G. , Sigl Martin 
Published: July 2021

Summary: Background: In peripheral arterial disease (PAD) the femoropopliteal (FP) artery is the most frequently recanalized lower limb artery. Stent-based interventions change the biomechanical properties of FP arteries. However, no clinical tool for functional imaging is established for quantitative measurements in vivo. Four-dimensional-flow magnetic resonance imaging enables a detailed evaluation of the hemodynamics of the central and – more challenging – the peripheral arteries. The present study aimed to determine the feasibility of assessing pulse wave velocities (PWV) as a marker of vessel stiffness in PAD patients with multiple spot stents and to compare the values with age-matched subjects and young-adult healthy subjects. Patients and methods: Contrast-free 4D-flow MRI was performed in seven PAD patients with focally stented FP arteries, five age-matched subjects after exclusion of PAD, and five young, healthy adults. PWV values were calculated from flow curves by using the foot-to-foot method. Results: Four-D-flow MRI sequences offering high spatial and temporal resolution enables quantification of flow velocity measurements and estimation of PWVs. Assessment of segmental PWV as a surrogate of vascular stiffness in focally stented femoral arteries is feasible. PWV values across all groups were 15.6±5.2 m/s, 13.3±4.1 m/s, and 9.9±2.2 m/s in PAD patients, senior-aged volunteers, and young-adult volunteers respectively. PWV values in PAD patients were similar with those in the senior-aged volunteers group (15.6±5.2 vs. 13.3 ±4.1 years, p=0.43). However, when compared to the young-adult volunteers, PAD patients had a statistically significantly higher mean local PWV (15.6±5.2 m/s vs. 9.9±2.2 m/s, p<0.05). Conclusions: Calculating segmental PWV in the femoral arteries is feasible in PAD patients with focally stented FP arteries. PWV values in PAD patients were similar to those in senior-aged volunteers, both of which were higher than in young-adult volunteers.
Reactivation Potential of Intraplate Faults in the Western Quebec Seismic Zone, Eastern Canada
Authors: Rimando Jeremy M. , Peace Alexander L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe intraplate western Quebec seismic zone (WQSZ) in eastern Canada experiences moderate seismicity that mainly results from reactivation of inherited structures under the present‐day, NE‐SW‐striking regional maximum horizontal stress (SH) and, possibly to a minor extent, through stress perturbations in response to glacio‐isostatic adjustment. This work comprises the first numerical stress simulation‐based study that predicts the preferred spatial distribution, trends, and sense of slip of contemporary fault reactivation, which may have implications for possible fault segmentation patterns in the WQSZ. We show that mostly NNW‐SSE to NW‐SE‐striking faults exhibit the highest slip tendency values. Spatial patterns of slip tendency and kinematics of reactivation are consistent with the observed seismicity. In an area where Quaternary‐active faults have yet to be systematically identified, we have narrowed down areas to focus on for more detailed, future neotectonic investigations that could provide sound foundation for seismic hazard assessments. This study demonstrates the applicability of slip tendency analysis to identifying potentially active faults in stable continental regions worldwide.
Two‐Stage Transition From Gilbert to Hyperpycnal Delta in Reservoir
Authors: Lai Steven Yueh Jen , Wu Fu‐Chun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDeltas are a most common form of reservoir sedimentation. When the river inflows switch between homopycnal and hyperpycnal, morphological transitions between Gilbert and hyperpycnal deltas take place. So far, however, detailed studies on how such transitions occur and quantitative descriptions of the processes have been rare. Here, we study experimentally the deltaic transitions in response to the switch of flow type. Our results show that transition from hyperpycnal to Gilbert delta is purely depositional. This contrasts the transition from Gilbert to hyperpycnal delta, which is a two‐stage process involving both erosion and deposition. During the first stage, hyperpycnal flows modify the existing Gilbert delta into a subaqueous foundation, over which hyperpycnal delta develops and progrades into the basin during the second stage. After transition, hyperpycnal deltas migrate at higher speeds to recover the non‐transitioned trajectories. Diffusion‐based models are found well suited to describing the self‐similar morphodynamics of the two‐stage process.
Mitochondrial quality control in intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Song Yu , Lu Saideng , Geng Wen , Feng Xiaobo , Luo Rongjin , Li Gaocai , Yang Cao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a common and early-onset pathogenesis in the human lifespan that can increase the risk of low back pain. More clarification of the molecular mechanisms associated with the onset and progression of IDD is likely to help establish novel preventive and therapeutic strategies. Recently, mitochondria have been increasingly recognized as participants in regulating glycolytic metabolism, which has historically been regarded as the main metabolic pathway in intervertebral discs due to their avascular properties. Indeed, mitochondrial structural and functional disruption has been observed in degenerated nucleus pulposus (NP) cells and intervertebral discs. Multilevel and well-orchestrated strategies, namely, mitochondrial quality control (MQC), are involved in the maintenance of mitochondrial integrity, mitochondrial proteostasis, the mitochondrial antioxidant system, mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis. Here, we address the key evidence and current knowledge of the role of mitochondrial function in the IDD process and consider how MQC strategies contribute to the protective and detrimental properties of mitochondria in NP cell function. The relevant potential therapeutic treatments targeting MQC for IDD intervention are also summarized. Further clarification of the functional and synergistic mechanisms among MQC mechanisms may provide useful clues for use in developing novel IDD treatments.
USP29-mediated HIF1α stabilization is associated with Sorafenib resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by upregulating glycolysis
Authors: Gao Ruize , Buechel David , Kalathur Ravi K. R. , Morini Marco F. , Coto-Llerena Mairene , Ercan Caner , Piscuoglio Salvatore , Chen Qian , Blumer Tanja , Wang Xueya , Dazert Eva , Heim Markus H. , Hall Michael N. , Tang Fengyuan , Christofori Gerhard 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms underlying evasive resistance in cancer is an unmet medical need to improve the efficacy of current therapies. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), aberrant expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α (HIF1α) and increased aerobic glycolysis metabolism are drivers of resistance to therapy with the multi-kinase inhibitor Sorafenib. However, it has remained unknown how HIF1α is activated and how its activity and the subsequent induction of aerobic glycolysis promote Sorafenib resistance in HCC. Here, we report the ubiquitin-specific peptidase USP29 as a new regulator of HIF1α and of aerobic glycolysis during the development of Sorafenib resistance in HCC. In particular, we identified USP29 as a critical deubiquitylase (DUB) of HIF1α, which directly deubiquitylates and stabilizes HIF1α and, thus, promotes its transcriptional activity. Among the transcriptional targets of HIF1α is the gene encoding hexokinase 2 (HK2), a key enzyme of the glycolytic pathway. The absence of USP29, and thus of HIF1α transcriptional activity, reduces the levels of aerobic glycolysis and restores sensitivity to Sorafenib in Sorafenib-resistant HCC cells in vitro and in xenograft transplantation mouse models in vivo. Notably, the absence of USP29 and high HK2 expression levels correlate with the response of HCC patients to Sorafenib therapy. Together, the data demonstrate that, as a DUB of HIF1α, USP29 promotes Sorafenib resistance in HCC cells, in parts by upregulating glycolysis, thereby opening new avenues for therapeutically targeting Sorafenib-resistant HCC in patients.
Comprehensive characterization of distinct genetic alterations in metastatic breast cancer across various metastatic sites
Authors: Cha Soojin , Lee Esak , Won Hong-Hee 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMetastasis is the major cause of death in breast cancer patients. Although previous large-scale analyses have identified frequently altered genes specific to metastatic breast cancer (MBC) compared with those in primary breast cancer (PBC), metastatic site-specific altered genes in MBC remain largely uncharacterized. Moreover, large-scale analyses are required owing to the low expected frequency of such alterations, likely caused by tumor heterogeneity and late dissemination of breast cancer. To clarify MBC-specific genetic alterations, we integrated publicly available clinical and mutation data of 261 genes, including MBC drivers, from 4268 MBC and 5217 PBC patients from eight different cohorts. We performed meta-analyses and logistic regression analyses to identify MBC-enriched genetic alterations relative to those in PBC across 15 different metastatic site sets. We identified 11 genes that were more frequently altered in MBC samples from pan-metastatic sites, including four genes (SMARCA4, TSC2, ATRX, and AURKA) which were not identified previously. ARID2 mutations were enriched in treatment-naïve de novo and post-treatment MBC samples, compared with that in treatment-naïve PBC samples. In metastatic site-specific analyses, associations of ESR1 with liver metastasis and RICTOR with bone metastasis were significant, regardless of intrinsic subtypes. Among the 15 metastatic site sets, ESR1 mutations were enriched in the liver and depleted in the lymph nodes, whereas TP53 mutations showed an opposite trend. Seven potential MBC driver mutations showed similar preferential enrichment in specific metastatic sites. This large-scale study identified new MBC genetic alterations according to various metastatic sites and highlights their potential role in breast cancer organotropism.
Shear induced deformation twinning evolution in thermoelectric InSb
Authors: Lu Zhongtao , Huang Ben , Li Guodong , Zhang Xiaolian , An Qi , Duan Bo , Zhai Pengcheng , Zhang Qingjie , Goddard William A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTwin boundary (TB) engineering has been widely applied to enhance the strength and plasticity of metals and alloys, but is rarely adopted in thermoelectric (TE) semiconductors. Our previous first-principles results showed that nanotwins can strengthen TE Indium Antimony (InSb) through In–Sb covalent bond rearrangement at the TBs. Herein, we further show that shear-induced deformation twinning enhances plasticity of InSb. We demonstrate this by employing large-scale molecular dynamics (MD) to follow the shear stress response of flawless single-crystal InSb along various slip systems. We observed that the maximum shear strain for the $$(111)[11\bar 2]$$

(

111

)

[

11

2

¯

]

slip system can be up to 0.85 due to shear-induced deformation twinning. We attribute this deformation twinning to the “catching bond” involving breaking and re-formation of In–Sb bond in InSb. This finding opens up a strategy to increase the plasticity of TE InSb by deformation twinning, which is expected to be implemented in other isotypic III–V semiconductors with zinc blende structure.
The landscape of driver mutations in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chang Darwin , Shain A. Hunter 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is a form of skin cancer originating from keratinocytes in the skin. It is the second most common type of cancer and is responsible for an estimated 8000 deaths per year in the United States. Compared to other cancer subtypes with similar incidences and death tolls, our understanding of the somatic mutations driving cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is limited. The main challenge is that these tumors have high mutation burdens, primarily a consequence of UV-radiation-induced DNA damage from sunlight, making it difficult to distinguish driver mutations from passenger mutations. We overcame this challenge by performing a meta-analysis of publicly available sequencing data covering 105 tumors from 10 different studies. Moreover, we eliminated tumors with issues, such as low neoplastic cell content, and from the tumors that passed quality control, we utilized multiple strategies to reveal genes under selection. In total, we nominated 30 cancer genes. Among the more novel genes, mutations frequently affected EP300, PBRM1, USP28, and CHUK. Collectively, mutations in the NOTCH and p53 pathways were ubiquitous, and to a lesser extent, mutations affected genes in the Hippo pathway, genes in the Ras/MAPK/PI3K pathway, genes critical for cell-cycle checkpoint control, and genes encoding chromatin remodeling factors. Taken together, our study provides a catalog of driver genes in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, offering points of therapeutic intervention and insights into the biology of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.
Serum lipid profile among sporadic and familial forms of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Macías-García Daniel , Periñán María Teresa , Muñoz-Delgado Laura , Jimenez-Jaraba María Valle , Labrador-Espinosa Miguel Ángel , Jesús Silvia , Buiza-Rueda Dolores , Méndez-Del Barrio Carlota , Adarmes-Gómez Astrid , Gómez-Garre Pilar , Mir Pablo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBrain cholesterol metabolism has been described as altered in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. Serum lipid levels have been widely studied in PD with controversial results among different populations and age groups. The present study is aimed at determining if the serum lipid profile could be influenced by the genetic background of PD patients. We included 403 PD patients (342 sporadic PD patients, 30 GBA-associated PD patients, and 31 LRRK2-associated PD patients) and 654 healthy controls (HCs). Total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides were measured in peripheral blood. Analysis of covariance adjusting for sex and age (ANCOVA) and post hoc tests were applied to determine the differences within lipid profiles among the groups. Multivariate ANCOVA revealed significant differences among the groups within cholesterol and LDL levels. GBA-associated PD patients had significantly lower levels of total cholesterol and LDL compared to LRRK2-associated PD patients and HCs. The different serum cholesterol levels in GBA-associated PD might be related to diverse pathogenic mechanisms. Our results support the hypothesis of lipid metabolism disruption as one of the main PD pathogenic mechanisms in patients with GBA-associated PD. Further studies would be necessary to explore their clinical implications.
COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Solís Arce Julio S. , Warren Shana S. , Meriggi Niccolò F. , Scacco Alexandra , McMurry Nina , Voors Maarten , Syunyaev Georgiy , Malik Amyn Abdul , Aboutajdine Samya , Adeojo Opeyemi , Anigo Deborah , Armand Alex , Asad Saher , Atyera Martin , Augsburg Britta , Awasthi Manisha , Ayesiga Gloria Eden , Bancalari Antonella , Björkman Nyqvist Martina , Borisova Ekaterina , Bosancianu Constantin Manuel , Cabra García Magarita Rosa , Cheema Ali , Collins Elliott , Cuccaro Filippo , Farooqi Ahsan Zia , Fatima Tatheer , Fracchia Mattia , Galindo Soria Mery Len , Guariso Andrea , Hasanain Ali , Jaramillo Sofía , Kallon Sellu , Kamwesigye Anthony , Kharel Arjun , Kreps Sarah , Levine Madison , Littman Rebecca , Malik Mohammad , Manirabaruta Gisele , Mfura Jean Léodomir Habarimana , Momoh Fatoma , Mucauque Alberto , Mussa Imamo , Nsabimana Jean Aime , Obara Isaac , Otálora María Juliana , Ouédraogo Béchir Wendemi , Pare Touba Bakary , Platas Melina R. , Polanco Laura , Qureshi Javaeria Ashraf , Raheem Mariam , Ramakrishna Vasudha , Rendrá Ismail , Shah Taimur , Shaked Sarene Eyla , Shapiro Jacob N. , Svensson Jakob , Tariq Ahsan , Tchibozo Achille Mignondo , Tiwana Hamid Ali , Trivedi Bhartendu , Vernot Corey , Vicente Pedro C. , Weissinger Laurin B. , Zafar Basit , Zhang Baobao , Karlan Dean , Callen Michael , Teachout Matthieu , Humphreys Macartan , Mobarak Ahmed Mushfiq , Omer Saad B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWidespread acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines is crucial for achieving sufficient immunization coverage to end the global pandemic, yet few studies have investigated COVID-19 vaccination attitudes in lower-income countries, where large-scale vaccination is just beginning. We analyze COVID-19 vaccine acceptance across 15 survey samples covering 10 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in Asia, Africa and South America, Russia (an upper-middle-income country) and the United States, including a total of 44,260 individuals. We find considerably higher willingness to take a COVID-19 vaccine in our LMIC samples (mean 80.3%; median 78%; range 30.1 percentage points) compared with the United States (mean 64.6%) and Russia (mean 30.4%). Vaccine acceptance in LMICs is primarily explained by an interest in personal protection against COVID-19, while concern about side effects is the most common reason for hesitancy. Health workers are the most trusted sources of guidance about COVID-19 vaccines. Evidence from this sample of LMICs suggests that prioritizing vaccine distribution to the Global South should yield high returns in advancing global immunization coverage. Vaccination campaigns should focus on translating the high levels of stated acceptance into actual uptake. Messages highlighting vaccine efficacy and safety, delivered by healthcare workers, could be effective for addressing any remaining hesitancy in the analyzed LMICs.
Microplastic contamination of the drilling bivalve Hiatella arctica in Arctic rhodolith beds
Authors: Teichert Sebastian , Löder Martin G. J. , Pyko Ines , Mordek Marlene , Schulbert Christian , Wisshak Max , Laforsch Christian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThere is an increasing number of studies reporting microplastic (MP) contamination in the Arctic environment. We analysed MP abundance in samples from a marine Arctic ecosystem that has not been investigated in this context and that features a high biodiversity: hollow rhodoliths gouged by the bivalve Hiatella arctica. This bivalve is a filter feeder that potentially accumulates MPs and may therefore reflect MP contamination of the rhodolith ecosystem at northern Svalbard. Our analyses revealed that 100% of the examined specimens were contaminated with MP, ranging between one and 184 MP particles per bivalve in samples from two water depths. Polymer composition and abundance differed strongly between both water depths: samples from 40 m water depth showed a generally higher concentration of MPs and were clearly dominated by polystyrene, samples from 27 m water depth were more balanced in composition, mainly consisting of polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, and polypropylene. Long-term consequences of MP contamination in the investigated bivalve species and for the rhodolith bed ecosystem are yet unclear. However, the uptake of MPs may potentially impact H. arctica and consequently its functioning as ecosystem engineers in Arctic rhodolith beds.
Immunomodulatory role of Parkinson’s disease 7 in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Lippai Rita , Veres-Székely Apor , Sziksz Erna , Iwakura Yoichiro , Pap Domonkos , Rokonay Réka , Szebeni Beáta , Lotz Gábor , Béres Nóra J. , Cseh Áron , Szabó Attila J. , Vannay Ádám 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRecently the role of Parkinson’s disease 7 (PARK7) was studied in gastrointestinal diseases, however, the complex role of PARK7 in the intestinal inflammation is still not completely clear. Expression and localization of PARK7 were determined in the colon biopsies of children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), in the colon of dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) treated mice and in HT-29 colonic epithelial cells treated with interleukin (IL)-17, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Effect of PARK7 on the synthesis of IBD related cytokines was determined using PARK7 gene silenced HT-29 cells and 3,4,5-trimethoxy-N-(4-(8-methylimidazo(1,2-a)pyridine-2-yl)phenyl)benzamide (Comp23)—compound increasing PARK7 activity—treated mice with DSS-colitis. PARK7 expression was higher in the mucosa of children with Crohn’s disease compared to that of controls. While H2O2 and IL-17 treatment increased, LPS, TNF-α or TGF-β treatment decreased the PARK7 synthesis of HT-29 cells. PARK7 gene silencing influenced the synthesis of IL1B, IL6, TNFA and TGFB1 in vitro. Comp23 treatment attenuated the ex vivo permeability of colonic sacs, the clinical symptoms, and mucosal expression of Tgfb1, Il1b, Il6 and Il10 of DSS-treated mice. Our study revealed the role of PARK7 in the regulation of IBD-related inflammation in vitro and in vivo, suggesting its importance as a future therapeutic target.