bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adipose Insulin Resistance and Decreased Adiponectin Are Correlated With Metabolic Abnormalities in Nonobese Men
Authors: Kiya Mai , Tamura Yoshifumi , Takeno Kageumi , Someya Yuki , Kakehi Saori , Sato Motonori , Yamasaki Nozomu , Kadowaki Satoshi , Suzuki Ruriko , Furukawa Yasuhiko , Sugimoto Daisuke , Kaga Hideyoshi , Funayama Takashi , Nishitani-Yokoyama Miho , Shimada Kazunori , Daida Hiroyuki , Aoki Shigeki , Satoh Hiroaki , Kawamori Ryuzo , Watada Hirotaka 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Context
Adipose tissue dysfunction is characterized by decreased adiponectin (AN) levels and impaired adipose tissue insulin sensitivity (ATIS) and is associated with metabolic disorders. While Asians readily develop metabolic disease without obesity, it remains unclear how decreased AN level and impaired ATIS affect metabolic abnormalities in nonobese Asians.

Design and Setting
To investigate the relationships between decreased AN level, impaired ATIS, and metabolic abnormalities, we studied 94 Japanese men whose body mass index was less than 25 kg/m2. We divided the subjects into 4 groups based on their median AN level and ATIS, the latter calculated as the degree of insulin-mediated suppression of free fatty acids during hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, and compared the metabolic parameters in the 4 groups.

Results
The High-ATIS/High-AN group (n = 29) showed similar anthropometric data to the High-ATIS/Low-AN group (n = 18). In contrast, both the Low-ATIS/High-AN (n = 18) and Low-ATIS/Low-AN (n = 29) groups showed significantly lower muscle insulin sensitivity than the High-ATIS groups. The intrahepatic lipid level in the Low-ATIS/Low-AN group was significantly higher than that in the High-ATIS groups. In addition, the Low-ATIS/Low-AN group had a significantly higher fasting serum triglyceride level and significantly lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level than the other 3 groups.

Conclusions
In nonobese Japanese men with high ATIS, the AN level was not associated with metabolic characteristics. On the other hand, subjects with low ATIS showed reduced muscle insulin sensitivity, and those with a decreased AN level demonstrated multiple metabolic abnormalities, represented by fatty liver and dyslipidemia.
Impaired Immune Function in Patients With Chronic Postsurgical Hypoparathyroidism: Results of the EMPATHY Study
Authors: Puliani Giulia , Hasenmajer Valeria , Sciarra Francesca , Barbagallo Federica , Sbardella Emilia , Pofi Riccardo , Gianfrilli Daniele , Romagnoli Elisabetta , Venneri Mary Anna , Isidori Andrea M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Context
Despite the pivotal role of calcium signaling in immune response, little is known about immune function in patients affected by hypoparathyroidism.

Objective
This work aimed to evaluate immune function in hypoparathyroidism.

Methods
The Evaluation of iMmune function in Postsurgical and AuToimmune HYpoparathyroidism (NCT04059380) is a case-control, cross-sectional study set in an Italian referral center. Participants included 20 patients with postsurgical hypoparathyroidism (12 females) and 20 age- and sex-matched controls. Main outcome measures included calcium metabolism assessment, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) profiling via flow cytometry, parathyroid hormone receptor 1 (PTHr1) expression analysis using immunofluorescence and PrimeFlow RNA assay, gene expression analysis via real-time polymerase chain reaction, cytokine measurement, and evaluation of infectious disease frequency and severity.

Results
Immune cell profiling revealed decreased monocytes, regulatory, naive, and total CD4+ T lymphocytes, which correlated with total calcium, ionized calcium, and PTH levels, in patients with hypoparathyroidism. Patients with hypoparathyroidism had a higher CD3−CD56+ natural killer (NK) cell count, which inversely correlated with calcium, PTH, and vitamin D levels. Furthermore, they exhibited decreased tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene expression and decreased circulating TNF levels. Gene expression and immunofluorescence analysis confirmed PTHr1 expression in all PBMC lineages; however, the percentage of cells expressing PTHr1 was lower, whereas the intensity of PTHr1 expression in monocytes, total T lymphocytes, CD8+CD4+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes, and total NK cells was higher in patients with hypoparathyroidism.

Conclusions
This study describes for the first time the immune alterations in patients with hypoparathyroidism receiving conventional therapies, supporting the immunoregulatory role of PTH and proposing an explanation for the increased susceptibility to infections observed in epidemiological studies.
U.S. Occupational Mobility of Children of Immigrants Based on Parents' Origin-Country Occupation
Authors: Potochnick Stephanie , Hall Matthew 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study provides a national-level assessment of occupational mobility and early-career attainment of children of immigrants based on parents' origin-country occupation. Exploiting unique aspects of the Educational Longitudinal Study, we examine how parent-child U.S. intergenerational occupational mobility patterns and child occupational attainment differ based on parental premigration occupational status (i.e., low- vs. high-skilled) and parental postmigration occupational mobility (i.e., upward, same, or downward). Our results suggest misestimation in intergenerational mobility research if parents' origin-country occupation is excluded. Including parents' origin-country occupation, we find that the children of immigrants are recovering from instances of parental occupational downgrading, building on parental advances, and advancing where parents could not. Furthermore, most children of immigrants do as well or better occupationally than children of non-Hispanic White natives. Strong educational investments help explain this advantage, particularly for children of high-skilled immigrants. However, results indicate that all children of immigrants would attain even more if they faced fewer postmigration barriers, especially children of low-skilled immigrants. These results advance immigrant selection and assimilation theories by demonstrating how pre- and postmigration factors influence occupational attainment of children of immigrants.
Taking the Long View: COVID-19 Priorities for the Biden Administration
Authors: Galea Sandro , Ettman Catherine K. , Maani Nason , Abdalla Salma M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic transformed the American political landscape, influencing the course of the 2020 election and creating an urgent policy priority for the new administration. The Biden-Harris plan for beating COVID-19 represents a practicable, technically competent plan to contain the pandemic, one that will serve the country well in the months ahead. The authors suggest that the United States would also benefit from an even bolder set of aspirations—reframing the national conversation on COVID-19, embedding equity in all health decision making, strengthening the social safety net, and changing how we talk about health—as part of the national response to COVID-19. This would represent a genuine step forward in the US approach to health, informed by the systemic flaws COVID-19 exposed, and would realize benefits from the pandemic moment that in turn would propel national health forward for the rest of the century.
Prescription Drug Priorities under the Biden Administration
Authors: Gavulic Kyle A. , Dusetzina Stacie B. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn January 2021, the incoming Biden administration inherited urgent priorities for curbing health care spending and expanding health care coverage to millions of Americans while also addressing the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting economic downturn. Among these competing priorities is the issue of access to and affordability of prescription drugs. Here, the authors outline Biden's plan for directly lowering prescription drug spending for payers and patients and for expanding access to prescription medications through improved health insurance coverage. These policies could provide important financial protections for Americans against high prescription drug prices. Despite widespread public support for addressing prescription drug prices, many of Biden's plans rely on congressional action, which will be complicated by the narrow majority held by Democrats in the House and an evenly divided Senate. However, there may be other opportunities for reducing prescription drug spending and improving health insurance enrollment among the uninsured. While directly lowering drug prices would provide the most widespread savings for payers and patients alike, any successful effort for increasing the number of Americans enrolled in health insurance or rendering it more affordable will still likely effectively lower patients' out-of-pocket costs and improve access to prescription drugs.
Predischarge Prediction of Readmission After Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy: Derivation and Validation of a Risk Prediction Score
Authors: Rieser Caroline J. , Hall Lauren B. , Kang Eliza , Zureikat Amer H. , Holtzman Matthew P. , Pingpank James F. , Bartlett David L. , Choudry M. Haroon A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Ninety-day hospital readmission rates following cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC) range from 20 to 40%.

Objective
The aim of this study was to develop and validate a simple score to predict readmissions following CRS/HIPEC.

Study Design
Using a prospectively maintained database, we retrospectively reviewed clinicopathologic, perioperative, and day-of-discharge data for patients undergoing CRS/HIPEC for peritoneal surface malignancies between 2010 and 2018. In-hospital mortalities and discharges to hospice were excluded. Multivariate logistic regression was utilized to identify predictors of unplanned readmission, with three-quarters of the sample randomly selected as the derivation cohort and one-quarter as the validation cohort. Using regression coefficient-based scoring methods, we developed a weighted 7-factor, 10-point predictive score for risk of readmission.

Results
Overall, 1068 eligible discharges were analyzed; 379 patients were readmitted within 90 days (35.5%). Seven factors were associated with readmission: stoma creation, Peritoneal Cancer Index score ≥ 15, hyponatremia, in-hospital major complication, preoperative chemotherapy, anemia, and discharge to nursing home. In the validation cohort, 25 patients (9.2%) were categorized as high risk for readmission, with a predicted rate of readmission of 69.3% and an observed rate of 76.0%. The score had fair discrimination (area under the curve 0.70) and good calibration (Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit p-value of 0.77).

Conclusion
Our proposed risk score, easily obtainable on day of discharge, distinguishes patients at high risk for readmission over 90 days following CRS/HIPEC. This score has the potential to target high-risk individuals for intensive follow-up and other interventions.
Does endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy improve the quality of life of patients with primary hyperhidrosis? A single center retrospective review
Authors: Musa Ahmad Farouk , Hui Khit Kar , Dillon Jeswant , Nordin Rusli Bin 
Published: January 2021

Background: Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy (ETS) is renowned as an effective surgical treatment for primary hyperhidrosis (PHH) and believed to improve patients’ quality of life (QOL). This study aimed to evaluate the quality of life (QOL) of patients with PHH after ETS compared to before ETS, and to determine whether compensatory sweating (CS) affects QOL of patients. Methods: This is a single-centre retrospective review of patients who had undergone ETS at the National Heart Center [Institut Jantung Negara (IJN)], Malaysia. In total, 62 patients from January 2014 to December 2018 were recruited. Medical records were first reviewed for all relevant data, prior to making telephone interview to administer the questionnaire. A modified questionnaire with validated components was used to assess the patients’ QOL. Patient satisfaction, symptom resolution, recurrence and occurrence of CS were also asked during the interview. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0. Results: A total of 46 patients (response rate: 74.2%) completed the questionnaire, with 95.7% reporting improvement in the total QOL score (Mean difference = 113.54, SD=70.79, 95% CI = 95.52 – 134.57, p<0.001). There was remarkable symptom resolution for palmar HH as 97.8% reported dry hands, whereas majority of patients with palmar-plantar HH reported persistent sweating from feet HH. CS rate was 89.1%. In terms of severity of CS, 6 (14.6%) reported mild, 17 (41.5%) moderate, and 18 (43.9%) had severe CS. The severity of CS as well as the number of locations have a significant effect on the QOL reported (p=0.022 and p=0.008, respectively). Conclusion: ETS is an effective treatment for PHH in improving the QOL of patients, even long term. The occurrence of CS did not affect the QOL, but severity of CS and number of locations involved in CS affect the QOL of patients.
Reverse vaccinology approach towards the in-silico multiepitope vaccine development against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Kumar Vipul , Kancharla Sudhakar , Kolli Prachetha , Jena Manoj 
Published: January 2021

Background: The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome related corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) belongs to the “Coronaviridae” family and order “Nidovirales”, which has caused the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 has been spread in more than a 100 countries, and more than a million have lost their lives. Vaccination and immunization could be an effective strategy to combat fatal COVID-19. Methods: For identification of effective vaccine candidate against COVID-19, various immunoinformatics online tools and softwares were used to predict epitopes. Cytotoxic T cell epitopes, helper T cell epitopes, and B cell epitopes from three structural polyproteins (Spike, Membrane, and Nucleocapsid (SMN) based on the binding affinity towards MHC, antigenicity, non-allergenicity, and non-toxicity) were identified for vaccine development. The multiepitope based vaccine was constructed linking two additional adjuvants human beta-defensin-3 and human beta-defensin-2 at N and C terminal, respectively. Results: The constructed vaccine sequence was found to be a good antigen and non-allergen for the human body. The constructed vaccine was docked with the TLR-3 receptor. The docked complex was further taken for molecular dynamics simulations and RMSD was calculated, which showed stable binding of the complex. The codon adaptation index (CAI) of 0.92 and GC content of 55.5% for E. coli (K12 strain) suggested efficient expression of the predicted vaccine. Conclusion: The current study can be helpful in the reduction of time and cost for further experimental validations and could give a valuable contribution against this pandemic.
The working alliance and the short-term and long-term effects of therapy: Identification and analysis of the effect of the therapeutic relationship on patients’ quality of life
Authors: Prusiński Tomasz 
Published: January 2021

Cel pracyGłównym zagadnieniem prezentowanym w tym artykule była analiza przymierza terapeutycznego jako niespecyficznego czynnika leczącego różne zaburzenia zdrowia psychicznego oraz wpływ jakości przymierza terapeutycznego na jakość życia.MetodaPróbę badawczą stanowiło 140 osób, 85 pacjentów uczęszczających na psychoterapię indywidualną oraz 55 psychoterapeutów. Do oszacowania jakości przymierza w działaniu użyto Kwestionariusza Przymierza w Działaniu (WAI) autorstwa Horvatha i Greenberga. W badaniach zastosowano również Kwestionariusz Satysfakcji z Życia (TSWLS) autorstwa Pavota, Diener i Suh oraz Kwestionariusz Dobrostanu Psychologicznego (PWBS) autorstwa Ryff.WynikiWyniki wskazały, że rzeczywisty wpływ jakości przymierza w działaniu na doraźne poczucie satysfakcji i zadowolenia z życia jest nieistotny statystycznie. Ujawniono zaś, że wpływ jakości przymierza terapeutycznego na dobrostan psychologiczny jest istotny statystycznie i że wyższy poziom przymierza w działaniu, deklarowany przez psychoterapeutę i pacjenta, powoduje większe poczucie dobrostanu psychologicznego. Ujawnione wartości współczynników korelacji stanowiły podstawę do przyjęcia hipotezy o istnieniu dodatniej korelacji między przymierzem w działaniu i jego wymiarami a wymiarami dobrostanu psychologicznego.WnioskiPrzymierze w działaniu nie jest związane z doraźnymi efektami w psychoterapii, co znaczy, że nie zwiększa bieżącej satysfakcji z życia oraz doświadczania pozytywnego afektu i zadowolenia z życia. Przymierze w działaniu wzmacnia jakość życia rozumianą jako trwały, zdrowy rozwój. Okazuje się, że sojusz psychoterapeutyczny jest czynnikiem dobrostanu traktowanego głębiej niż tylko jako bieżąca przyjemność i bardziej holistycznie, który jest nieodłącznym, długotrwałym elementem zdrowego rozwoju człowieka. Siła związku między nimi jest wysoka.
From neighbourhood self-organisation to city building: the case of Bathore, Kamëz (Albania)
Authors: Allkja Ledio 
Published: January 2021

This chapter delves in the evolution of the city of Kamëz from a small town in the suburbs of Tirana, the capital of Albania, to a city of over 90,000 inhabitants. Practices of self-built are analysed in three main timeframes reflecting the different socio-political conditions of Albania. Initially, experiences of self-built are analysed in the pre-1990s in Kamëz during the dictatorial regime. Afterwards, the analysis is focused on the dynamic evolution of the area of Bathore, a neighbourhood in Kamëz, in a complete absence urban management by the state and where citizens through informal development populated the whole area. In the end, the chapter is focused on a project for the improvement of the neighbourhood which afterwards became a common practice for the evolution of the city through self-built practices. The main focus of the analysis is on the role of state, non-state and citizens in the process of self-built experiences in Albania.
Gender and human rights
Authors: Schippers Birgit 
Published: January 2021

Chapter 12 addresses international human rights provisions in relation to gender. It critically assesses some of the major debates about rights for women in a culturally diverse world, such as universality versus cultural relativism, how gender has been approached within different international human rights mechanisms, such as the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) and how this has influenced the development of social policy and rights for women. It challenges the notion that gender rights should be limited to a two-sex dichotomy arguing that gender diversity as reflected in LGBT populations should be reflected in human rights provisions by the development of inclusive sexual and gender identity (SOGI) rights approaches to human rights and an engagement with the needs and entitlements of sexual and gender minorities.
One-month recovery profile and prevalence and predictors of quality of recovery after painful day case surgery: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Stessel Björn , Hendrickx Maarten , Pelckmans Caroline , De Wachter Gerrit , Appeltans Bart , Braeken Geert , Herbots Jeroen , Joosten Elbert , Van de Velde Marc , Buhre Wolfgang F. F. A. 
Published: January 2021

Background/Objectives
This study aimed to study one-month recovery profile and to identify predictors of Quality of Recovery (QOR) after painful day surgery and investigate the influence of pain therapy on QOR.

Methods/Design
This is a secondary analysis of a single-centre, randomised controlled trial of 200 patients undergoing ambulatory haemorrhoid surgery, arthroscopic shoulder or knee surgery, or inguinal hernia repair between January 2016 and March 2017. Primary endpoints were one-month recovery profile and prevalence of poor/good QOR measured by the Functional Recovery Index (FRI), the Global Surgical Recovery index and the EuroQol questionnaire at postoperative day (POD) 1 to 4, 7, 14 and 28. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine predictors of QOR at POD 7, 14, and 28. Differences in QOR between pain treatment groups were analysed using the Mann-Whitney U test.

Results
Four weeks after haemorrhoid surgery, inguinal hernia repair, arthroscopic knee and arthroscopic shoulder surgery, good QOR was present in 71%, 76%, 57% and 24% respectively. Poor QOR was present in 5%, 0%, 7% and 29%, respectively. At POD 7 and POD 28, predictors for poor/intermediate QOR were type of surgery and a high postoperative pain level at POD 4. Male gender was another predictor at POD 7. Female gender and having a paid job were also predictors at POD 28. Type of surgery and long term fear of surgery were predictors at POD 14. No significant differences in total FRI scores were found between the two different pain treatment groups.

Conclusions
The present study shows a procedure-specific variation in recovery profile in the 4-week period after painful day surgery. The best predictors for short-term (POD 7) and long-term (POD 28) poor/intermediate QOR were a high postoperative pain level at POD 4 and type of surgery. Different pain treatment regimens did not result in differences in recovery profile.

Trial registration
European Union Clinical Trials Register 2015-003987-35.
Iris metastasis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma misdiagnosed as primary angle-closure glaucoma: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Li Zebing , Lin Zhongjing , Zhong Yisheng , Shen Xi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Lymphoma with intraocular metastasis is an uncommon and serious disease. We describe a case of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with iris metastasis. Meanwhile, we refer to published case reports retrieved via a PubMed search to summarize this rare disease.

Case presentation
Glaucoma and uveitis symptoms were found in the left eye of a 50-year-old woman upon admission to the hospital. After treatment and pathological examination, the iris of her left eye was diagnosed with DLBCL. Given the patient’s unfavorable treatment options in the local hospital, primary enucleation was offered as a therapeutic option.

Conclusions
Iris metastasis of systemic lymphoma is an extremely rare ophthalmic disease with poor prognosis. Ophthalmologists should be able to definitively and differentially diagnose eye symptoms and pay attention to systemic conditions to provide a series of optimized treatments.