bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of salinity on phenothypic soybean mutant character (Glycine max (L.) Merr)
Authors: Simanjuntak A P , Hanafiah D S , Siregar L A M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Get saline-tolerant soybean seeds can be produced using soybean mutant seeds that are induced by chemical or physical mutations. This study used soybean mutant that has previously been chemically induced by colchicine which is expected to produce plants that able to adapt to saline soils. This field experiment was conducted on January-March 2020 in Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Block Design with one treatment that are levels of salinity (0; 2; 4; 6 dS/m) with ten replicates for each treatment. The data were analyzed statistically using ANOVA and then following by the DMRT test at 5% level. The results of this study show that increasing salinity can decrease phenotypic characters, were root length, root volume, root dry weight, canopy dry weight, and length of stomata. However, we discovered that soybean mutant can well grow at S3 (4 dS/m) as following the parameters were plants height (21.77cm), stem diameter (2.90cm), amount of stomata (42.67 stomata), and width of stomata (15.76 µm). Moreover, we discovered that the chlorophyll content of the soybean mutant increases until at 4 dS/m (7.67 g/ml).
The responses of soil enzyme and microbial activities of shallot plantation under treatments of Liquid Organic Biofertilizer and sprout extract and its effect on the yield
Authors: Dewi T K , Antonius S , Sutisna E , Mulyani N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Soil enzymes activities can be used to measures of microbial activity, soil productivity, soil ecology and fertility. Soil enzyme and microbial activities act as the indicators of soil health. The objectives of this study were to examine the influence of liquid organic biofertilizer and sprout extract on soil enzyme and microbial activities and their effect in shallot yield. The experimental design was completely randomized block design with three different treatments as following liquid organic biofertilizer (LOB), sprout extract (SE), and mixed of liquid organic fertilizer and sprout extract. The result showed that treatment of LOB gave the highest activity of phosphomonoesterase and urease measured, and followed by SE, LOB+SE and control. The LOB treatment showed the highest microbial respiration as also indicated in the highest population number of total bacteria. However, LOB + SE treatment gave the highest number of IAA producing bacteria as well as the yield of shallot. Therefore, it is confirmed from this work that application of liquid organic biofertilizer and sprout extract potentially could increase soil enzyme activities, microbial population number and the yield of shallot.
Effect of commercial NPK fertilizer on growth and biomass of Navicula sp. and Nannochloropsis sp
Authors: Lathifah W , Fikri R A , Hidayati N A , Anggraini I D , Putri N , Prabowo B , Marno S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Microalgae as a source of biodiesel precursor are promising by pointing out several advantages of its cultivation, such as able to be cultivated in non-arable land, high growth rate with high biomass yield, high lipid content, and renewable. Mass cultivation of microalgae requires large amount of nutrients which makes it economically impractical. To overcome this problem, an alternative medium which contains cheaper nutrients sources should be addressed. In this research, the growth and biomass productivity of Navicula sp. and Nannochloropsis sp. were compared in the commonly used F/2 medium and modified medium containing commercial NPK fertilizer. The results indicated that Navicula sp. and Nannochloropsis sp. can thrive in modified F/2-NPK medium under continuous illumination, while NPK-only medium didn’t show any significant increase in growth and biomass accumulation for both strains compared to initial cell inoculation. Cell optical density at 750 nm and biomass dry weight of 80% F/2 and 50% F/2 medium were comparable to that in F/2 control medium for both strains, indicating that Navicula sp. and Nannochloropsis sp. have a similar requirement for nutrients types. Furthermore, higher specific growth rate of Nannochloropsis sp. than Navicula sp. seen in both modified medium showed its favorable condition for growth.
Identification of Prospective Soybean Accessions for the Creation of a Genebank Core Collection Based on High Density DNA Marker Data
Authors: Satyawan D , Tasma I M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Genebanks typically collect and conserve as many existing genetic variations as possible. However, a smaller core population that is representative of the whole collection but maintains as much diversity as possible is more practical for in-depth phenotypic characterization, genetic studies, and plant breeding. Here we describe genotype-based core collection development from USDA soybean germplasm collection, which contains 20,095 accessions that had been genotyped using 50,000 single nucleotide polymorphism DNA markers. Analysis using trimmed marker data and Core Hunter 3 software identified 382 accessions with maximum genetic distances from each other. Population structure analysis of the selected accessions indicated that the software favored admixed individuals instead of those with pure ancestor population genotypes. Allele frequencies of most markers are largely conserved in the core population, which indicates successful maintenance of alleles in the core population. Phenotypic variations for branch number and yield were largely similar to the original population, but slightly different for seed weight and maturity, where very high seed weight and high-latitude maturity groups were less prominent in the core collection. The resulting core population can be used as a base population for any institutions interested in utilizing worldwide soybean genetic diversity for breeding and genetic studies.
Lipid accumulation on optimized condition through biomass production in green algae
Authors: Anam K , Rahman D Y , Hidhayati N , Rachmayati R , Susilaningsih D , Agustini N W S , Praharyawan S , Susanti H , Apriastini M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Microalgae, mainly green algae, are well known as sources of lipids for food, feed, and energy. As our institution owned microalgae collections, we performed microalgae screening to find candidate/s, producing high lipid content. In this research, microalgae were screened by various media, and then the medium was optimized. Larger scale cultivation was done in order to find out the yield of the biomass production and lipid content. The condition with phosphate buffer was applied to increase the lipid accumulation. The lipid content was analyzed by Nile red staining. As a result, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Chlorella vulgaris showed high biomass production in the Tris-Acetate-Phosphate (TAP) medium. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii at four times concentration and C. vulgaris at the initial concentration of TAP medium demonstrated the most increased biomass production. The maximum biomass production and lipid content was 0.9 g/l and 31% for C.
reinhardtii and 1.7 g/l and 27% for C. vulgaris, respectively. Under starvation, the lipid content was increased up to 52% for C. reinhardtii and 34% for C. vulgaris, which were higher than their control. From this study, the TAP medium was found to have the most increased biomass production, and starvation enhanced lipid accumulation.
Dilution of nutrient elements formulation in culture media for in vitro conservation of Coffea arabica AS2K variety
Authors: Ibrahim M S D , Randriani E , Ajijah N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In vitro conservation technology is one of the strategies to maintain the genetic diversity of perennial plants, such as Arabica coffee. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of nutrient elements dilution on the emphasis of growth of Arabica coffee micro cuttings of AS2K variety. The plant materials were Arabica coffee plantlets of AS2K variety which were reproduced using Murashige and Skoog (MS) media and given BA 2 g L−1, sucrose 30 g L−1, and phytagel 2.5 g L−1. The treatment conservation used MS medium without adding growth regulator with sucrose 30 g L−1 and phytagel 2.5 g L−1. The examined treatment was the dilution of MS nutrient elements into a half (1/2) and a quarter (1/4) of the basic concentration, the full (basic) MS as the control. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design with 10 replications. The results showed that Arabica coffee culture on 1/2 MS media can be considered for conservation since it is cost-effective, able to reduce the growth of shoots and produce more rooted plantlets than controls. This media culture can be stored for 8 months without morphological changes so that it can recover spontaneously.
A Brief Talk on the Description Method of Residual Oil in Thick Reservoir
Authors: Xu Li Hai 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
After years of development and adjustment, Xingnan Oilfield has entered the stage of high water-cut development. The main reservoirs are flooded seriously and the remaining oil distribution is complex. The main contradictions of reservoir development are transferred from interlayer and plane contradictions to intralayer contradictions. The heterogeneity of reservoir internal structure is the core geological factor that leads to the complicated watered-out form and residual oil distribution in the later stage of oilfield development. Taking the eastern pure oil area of Xingshi District as the research object, this paper determines the description method of residual oil in thick reservoirs, which provides technical support for the follow-up tapping potential of thick reservoirs.
Detection and Comparison of Self-made Rapid Membrane Testing Machine for Ultrafiltration membrane and anofiltration membranes
Authors: Guo Linyuan , Dai Qiang , Rong Yan , Jin Dong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Pure water permeability and retention as the important performance index of ultrafiltration membrane and nanofiltration membrane is the key to determine theirs quality. In view of the lack of uniform conditions, uniform standards and mixed enterprise standards, this paper studies the self-made rapid membrane testing machine for the determination of pure water permeability and retention of ultrafiltration and nanofiltration membranes, and compares the data with other testing institutions.
Intelligent Control System Based on Artificial Neural Network Applied research in autotrophic nitrogen removal process
Authors: He Sijie , Tang Longqing , Liu Yuanxin , He Ximei , Chen Jia , Wen Xin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In view of the difficulty in controlling the stable operation of autotrophic nitrogen removal system, this study plans to design a DO intelligent control system based on artificial neural network control, which can intelligently and accurately control dissolved oxygen in liquid phase according to the water inflow and operation state of the system. Firstly, the autotrophic nitrogen removal system was constructed step by step, and the influence of dissolved oxygen with different concentrations was explored by using the characteristics of system microbes sensitive to dissolved oxygen. Then, the dissolved oxygen intelligent control system based on artificial neural network was developed. Finally, the operation mode of autotrophic nitrogen removal process optimized by the dissolved oxygen intelligent control system based on artificial neural network was explored and the key parameters of system operation were put forward. The single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal system equipped with DO precise control system was tested by artificial simulated wastewater. Under various load conditions, the total nitrogen removal rate of the system was more than 86%, and the system was efficient and stable.
Efficiency evaluation of green supply chains based on fuzzy chance constrained three-stage DEA model
Authors: Chen Rui , Xu Zhongwen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, environmental pollution and resource waste are in the way of economic development of companies. Hence, it is vital to balance the relationship of economy, society and environment. Based on this, green supply chain management comes into being. Efficiency evaluation, being a main premise of implementing green supply chain management, not only can get knowledge of the overall performance of a company, but also can discover the inefficient parts. In a word, evaluating the performance of green supply chain is a hot topic in recent years. Traditional DEA model treats DMU as a “black box”, which makes the efficiency value higher than that of actual one. Based on it, we study deeper into every subsystems of the overall supply chain, accompanied by multi objective programming model and network DEA model. In the process of coping with the proposed multi objective network DEA, we apply AHP method to determine the weights of each subsystem. In addition, considering the data observed is not always crisp and precise, therefore, we describe them with fuzzy data, and then apply chance constrained possibility programming to cope with it. In the case study, taking 10 enterprises for example, we calculate the overall efficiency and each subsystem’s efficiency value, and propose managerial insights.
Analysis of water flooded characteristics Qualitative analysis of factors affecting water flooding Horizontal well
Authors: Li Xiaowei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In production practice, water flooding is mostly used in oil recovery in China, and water flooding occurs in oilfields due to improper artificial water injection. We must understand the Flooded characteristics to take remedial measures for flooding timely. In addition, compared with vertical wells, horizontal wells have the advantages of high recovery index, low production pressure difference, long waterless production period, and so on. Therefore, this paper will also make a brief analysis of the influencing factors of horizontal well flooding.Therefore, the analysis of the above two aspects can be used to adjust and adjust the oil field plan.
A Design of Integrated Protection Principle for Box-type Substation
Authors: Zhang Yunchi , Gao Houlei , Du Shichang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Box-type substation plays a very important role in distribution network. The protection of traditional box-type substation needs to be equipped with multiple equipment, and there is often a lack of selectivity between protections of low-voltage side and low-voltage outgoing lines of transformer. In order to solve these problems, an integrated protection principle of box-type substation is proposed, which uses relay protection to replace the traditional protection form. An adaptive fault component overcurrent protection is proposed to improve the sensitivity of protection, and an operation time selection criterion is put forward to ensure selectivity and clear fault quickly in some cases. Finally, the performance of proposed protection principle is verified by PSCAD simulation.
Research on precise ammonia injection technology in thermal power plant
Authors: Tu Anqi , Zhu Yujie 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Under the situation of ultra-low emission in China, SCR denitration system generally has the problem of high ammonia escape from the reactor outlet, and the escape ammonia reacts with SO3 in flue gas to generate NH4HSO4, which will aggravate the blockage of air preheater and affect the denitration efficiency, so the ammonia injection has a great impact on the NOx emission concentration of power plant. In this paper, how to accurately spray ammonia in SCR denitration system is introduced in detail, that is, after the flow field partition optimization of denitration system, the corresponding advanced measurement system, advanced control system and actuator are added combined with the partition.
Segmenting lung lesions of COVID-19 from CT images via pyramid pooling improved Unet
Authors: Ma Yinjin , Feng Peng , He Peng , Ren Yong , Guo Xiaodong , Yu Xiaoliu , Wei Biao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Segmenting lesion regions of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) from computed tomography (CT) images is a challenge owing to COVID-19 lesions characterized by high variation, low contrast between infection lesions and around normal tissues, and blurred boundaries of infections. Moreover, a shortage of available CT dataset hinders deep learning techniques applying to tackling COVID-19. To address these issues, we propose a deep learning-based approach known as PPM-Unet to segmenting COVID-19 lesions from CT images. Our method improves an Unet by adopting pyramid pooling modules instead of the conventional skip connection and then enhances the representation of the neural network by aiding the global attention mechanism. We first pre-train PPM-Unet on COVID-19 dataset of pseudo labels containing1600 samples producing a coarse model. Then we fine-tune the coarse PPM-Unet on the standard COVID-19 dataset consisting of 100 pairs of samples to achieve a fine PPM-Unet. Qualitative and quantitative results demonstrate that our method can accurately segment COVID-19 infection regions from CT images, and achieve higher performance than other state-of-the-art segmentation models in this study. It offers a promising tool to lay a foundation for quantitatively detecting COVID-19 lesions.
Enhancement of gas storage and separation properties of microporous polymers by simple chemical modifications
Authors: Rochat Sébastien , Tian Mi , Atri Ria , Mays Timothy J , Burrows Andrew D 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Owing to their large surface area and good solvent processability, polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) have been widely investigated for gas storage and separation processes. In this article, we show how chemically modifying the polymers can fine-tune their properties for specific, targeted applications. We find that converting the archetypal microporous polymer PIM-1 into a polycarboxylate salt enhances its separation capabilities for H2/CO2 mixtures (relevant to hydrogen production), whereas appending multiple amine groups significantly improves gas separation properties for N2/CO2 mixtures (relevant to flue gas treatment). Adsorption-based separation processes have received less attention than size-sieving processes in porous polymeric materials, however they could provide a suitable alternative technology to energy-intensive separation processes such as cryogenic distillation. We also report the hydrogen storage properties of the modified polymers, which we find to depend on the chemical modification carried out. By coupling the simplicity of the proposed chemical modifications with the scalability and porous properties of PIMs, we provide a blueprint to create new multifunctional materials with adapted properties for targeted applications.
Optimal material selection study of prosthetic socket and pylon tube in transtibial prosthesis fabrication
Authors: Estillore Joseph Vladimir , Dungo Cedric Arnold , Guzman Katrina Nicole , Maniaul Joy Marisol , Magdaluyo Jr Eduardo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The selection for the fabrication of transtibial prosthesis in developing countries is favoring what materials can be readily available. Given numerous options, a multi-criteria decision-making process can be effectively implemented to choose the optimal materials based on design requirement without compromising the target mechanical properties and comfort for the patient. In this study, analytic hierarchy process (AHP), technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) and preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluations (PROMETHEE) methods were used as a decision-making tool for materials selection of prosthetic socket and pylon tube. The criteria for the candidate materials such as flexural strength, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, yield strength and impact strength were evaluated and each criterion was given a weight using AHP, while the materials selection calculation was done using TOPSIS and PROMETHEE. For the prosthetic socket, same ranking was observed for both TOPSIS and PROMETHEE. The carbon fiber reinforced composite (CFRC) was ranked first and closely followed by pineapple fiber reinforced composite (PFRC). TOPSIS ranked PFRC highest for the pylon tube material, followed by titanium alloy while this ranking was interchanged in PROMETHEE, putting first preference for the use of pineapple fiber reinforced composite then followed by titanium alloy. Therefore, the pineapple fiber reinforced composite can be an ideal alternative for the standard carbon fiber socket and titanium pylon tubes in fabricating a transtibial prosthesis.
Experimental shelter-switching shows shelter type alters predation on caterpillars (Hesperiidae)
Authors: Baer Christina S , Marquis Robert J 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCaterpillars build various shelters that protect them from natural enemies, but whether specific shelters provide different protection is unknown. To disentangle a caterpillar species’ shelter from the rest of its phenotype, we performed a field experiment in which two caterpillar species (Urbanus dorantes and U. proteus) were removed from their original shelters, placed into shelters made by conspecifics or heterospecifics, and monitored for predation and parasitism. Predation was intense, with 0–48% of caterpillars surviving depending on treatment. Shelter builder identity significantly affected predation independent of occupant identity, with caterpillars placed in U. proteus shelters experiencing higher predation than those in U. dorantes shelters. The effect of shelter builder identity was related to shelter type: shriveled leaf shelters built by U. dorantes had a lower risk of predation than cut-and-fold shelters built by either species. Cut-and-fold shelters built by the two species did not have significantly different shapes. Caterpillar stage also significantly affected predation (mid-instars were more successful than early instars), but caterpillar species identity did not. Surprisingly, parasitism was rare, but both shriveled leaf shelters and cut-and-fold shelters resulted in similar overall caterpillar mortality. The differences in predation and overall mortality between shelter types suggest a trade-off between protection from predators and parasitoids. This experiment demonstrates that shelter type determines the fate of the caterpillar inside, independent of the identity of the caterpillar that built the shelter. This is the first experimental evidence that predation may select for shelter type and associated shelter-building behavior in Lepidoptera.