bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-advocacy positive perceptions and stage experiences in patients who had a stroke: a qualitative study in China
Authors: Zhao Zhixin , Wang Xiaoxuan , Zhang Chunhui , Wang Shanshan , Zhang Zhen-Xiang , Lin Bei-Lei , Mei Yong-Xia , Jiang Hu 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesThis study explored the perceptions and experiences of self-advocacy among patients who had a stroke in China.DesignA descriptive phenomenological qualitative study was performed. Colaizzi’s seven-step method was used to analyse the data.SettingTwo hospitals in Zhengzhou and Luoyang City, Henan Province, China.Participants19 patients who had a stroke were recruited and interviewed face-to-face between October 2023 and February 2024.ResultsThe findings revealed two categories: positive perceptions and stage experiences. Three themes of positive perceptions were extracted: ‘accept the facts of illness while maintaining inner integrity’ with three subthemes (disease cognition, firm faith and positive attitude); ‘clarify one’s own needs and strive for them’ with four subthemes (self-care knowledge, effective communication, independent decision-making and power from relation); ‘enhancing subjective initiative and maintaining healthy behaviours’ with three subthemes (active participant in disease management, increased treatment compliance and increased initiative in rehabilitation exercises). Three stage experiences themes were motivation, response and stabilisation stage.ConclusionsIn this study, patients who had a stroke showed more positive perceptions of self-advocacy. Self-advocacy is a dynamic and progressive process of accepting their disease and actively participating in disease treatment. In addition, patients’ health behaviours are improved and maintained when they engage in self-advocacy.
Novel prehospital lactate cut-off estimation for mortality: a multicentre observational study
Authors: Martín-Rodríguez Francisco , Sanz-Garcia Ancor , Zalama-Sánchez Daniel , de Santos Castro Pedro Ángel , Silva Alvarado Eduardo , Gracia Villar Santos , Dzul López Luis Alonso , Aparicio Obregón Silvia , Calderon Iglesias Rubén , del Pozo Vegas Carlos , López-Izquierdo Raúl 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesPoint-of-care testing available in prehospital settings requires the establishment of new medical decision points. The aim of the present work was to determine the cut-off of the lactate threshold that activates alert triggers for all-cause 2-day mortality.DesignMulticentre, prospective, ambulance-based, observational study.SettingPatients treated via emergency medical services (EMSs) and delivered to the emergency department between 2019 and 2023 were selected in Spain.ParticipantsAdults with any acute disease.Primary and secondary outcome measuresEpidemiological data, vital signs and prehospital point-of-care glucose and lactate levels were obtained. The outcome was all-cause 2-day in-hospital mortality. The cut-offs were obtained via three different methods: (i) indirect (which considers survivors and non-survivors), direct (which considers only survivors) assessment and lactate quartile. Additionally, the quartile approach was used to determine the differences in lactate distribution between survivors and non-survivors. Three different back-to-back studies with the same methodology were used.ResultsA total of 11 713 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The mortality rate was 4.6% (542 patients). The difference in the median prehospital lactate concentration (mmol/L) between survivors and non-survivors was statistically significant (p<0.001): 2.29 (95% CI 1.43 to 3.38) and 7.14 (95% CI 5.11 to 9.71), respectively. Globally, the cut-off for all the studies combined was estimated by the direct method to be 3.71 mmol/L (95% CI 2.92 to 3.91), which was similar to the indirect value of 3.07 (95% CI 2.95 to 5.49) and the third quartile of 4.00. The mortality rate in patients who were less than 3.71 mmol/L was 0.004%, and that above that cut-off was 18%.ConclusionsThis study established a real-world lactate cut-off for 2-day in-hospital mortality of 3.71 mmol/L (95% CI 2.92 to 3.91) on the basis of data from the EMS. Considering this cut-off point could improve patient management via EMS services, allowing quick identification of patients at high risk of clinical worsening.Trial registration numberISRCTN Registry (ISRCTN17676798,ISRCTN48326533,ISRCTN49321933).
Mortality associated with moderate and severe mitral regurgitation in 608 570 men and women undergoing echocardiography
Authors: Playford David , Stewart Simon , Harris Sarah Ann , Scalia Gregory , Celermajer David S , Thomas Liza , Paratz Elizabeth Davida , Chan Yih-Kai , Strange Geoff 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundAlthough the prognostic implications of severe mitral regurgitation (MR) are well recognised, they are less clear in moderate MR. We therefore explored the prognostic impact of both moderate and severe MR within the large National Echocardiography Database Australia cohort.MethodsEchocardiography reports from 608 570 individuals were examined using natural language processing to identify MR severity and leaflet pathology. Atrial (aFMR) or ventricular (vFMR) functional MR was assessed in those without reported leaflet pathology. Using individual data linkage over median 1541 (IQR 820 to 2629) days, we examined the association between MR severity and all-cause (153 612/25.2% events) and cardiovascular-related mortality (47 840/7.9% events).ResultsThere were 319 808 men and 288 762 women aged 62.1±18.5 years, of whom 456 989 (75.1%), 102 950 (16.9%), 38 504 (6.3%) and 10 127 (1.7%) individuals had no/trivial, mild, moderate and severe MR, respectively, reported on their last echo. Compared with those with no/trivial MR (26.5% had leaflet pathology, 19.2% died), leaflet pathology (51.8% and 78.9%, respectively) and actual 5-year all-cause mortality (54.6% and 67.5%, respectively) increased with MR severity. On an adjusted basis (age, sex and leaflet pathology), long-term mortality was 1.67-fold (95% CI 1.65 to 1.70) and 2.36-fold (95% CI 2.30 to 2.42) higher in moderate and severe MR cases (p<0.001) compared with no/trivial MR. The prognostic pattern for moderate and severe MR persisted for cardiovascular-related mortality and within prespecified subgroups (leaflet pathology, vFMR or aFMR, and age<65 years).ConclusionsWithin a large real-world clinical cohort, we confirm that conservatively managed severe MR is associated with a poor prognosis. We further reveal that moderate MR is associated with increased mortality, irrespective of underlying aetiology.Trial registrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12617001387314)
Popliteal plexus block in total knee arthroplasty: a single-center randomized controlled double-blinded trial
Authors: Stebler Kevin , Elia Nadia , Zaccaria Isabelle , Fournier Roxane Michelle 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionWhether a popliteal plexus block improves postoperative pain following total knee arthroplasty remains debated. This randomized trial tested if adding a popliteal plexus block to a continuous femoral nerve block decreases postoperative opioid requirement.MethodsWe included 66 patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. 32 received continuous femoral nerve block and popliteal plexus block (intervention), and 34 received continuous femoral nerve block alone (control). The primary endpoint was the 12-hour postoperative morphine-equivalent consumption (mg). Secondary outcomes included opioid consumption, Visual Analog Pain Score (0–10), and sensorimotor extension of the block in postanesthesia care unit, at 12 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours postoperatively.Results66 patients with a median body mass index of 28.7 (IQR 26.3–33.8) were included in the study. In an intention-to-treat analysis, the median 12-hour morphine-equivalent consumption was lower in the intervention group (6.1 mg (0.5–14.5) vs 10 mg (5.0–17.3); one-sided Wilcoxon test (p=0.04)). The average pain intensity experienced in postanesthesia care unit was lower in the intervention group (median: 3.0 (3.0–5.0) vs 2.0 (1.0–4.0), two-sided Wilcoxon p=0.01) and fewer patients reported lateroposterior pain of the knee (11 (34.4%) vs 21 (61.8%) p=0.03). These benefits disappeared after 24 hours. The median duration of the popliteal plexus block procedure was 5.0 min (2.0–5.0).ConclusionsAdding a popliteal plexus block to a continuous femoral nerve block decreases 12-hour opioid utilization, but the effect size is small, calling into question its clinical relevance.Trial registration numberNCT04048889.
Construct validity and responsiveness of ASAS Health Index assessed in two longitudinal studies of tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibitor initiation and dose reduction in patients with axial spondyloarthritis
Authors: Lorincz Mate , Østergaard Mikkel , Wetterslev Marie , Sørensen Inge Juul , Madsen Ole Rintek , Christiansen Sara Nysom , Hetland Merete Lund , Bakkegaard Mads , Klarlund Mette , Duer Anne , Boesen Mikael , Gosvig Kasper Kjærulf , Pedersen Susanne Juhl 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundThe Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society Health Index (ASAS HI) is a novel questionnaire of global functioning for patients with axial spondyloarthritis (SpA).ObjectiveThe objective was to assess the construct validity, discriminatory ability and responsiveness of ASAS HI in relation to patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), MRI and radiography.MethodsData from two longitudinal studies with tumour necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) initiation (novel MRI And biomarkers in Golimumab-treated patients with axial spondyloarthritis (MANGO): n=45) respectively tapering (Dose adjustment of Biological treatment in patients with SpA (DOBIS): n=106) were used. Analyses included a wide panel of PROMs, MRI and radiography scores of the spine and sacroiliac joints (SIJs).ResultsIn the MANGO study, 30 (68%) patients were clinical responders at week 16. In the DOBIS study, 105 (99%) patients flared after mean (SD; min–max) 31 (17; 2.7–81) weeks. After initiation of TNF inhibitor in MANGO, ASAS HI significantly decreased from baseline to week 4, 16 and 52. In DOBIS, ASAS significantly increased from baseline to the flare visit and significantly decreased from the flare visit to week 96. In multivariate regression models, ASAS HI was independently associated with Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada MRI SIJ Inflammation score, Canada-Denmark MRI Spine Inflammation score, EuroQol, Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index and Patient Global. Patients stratified according to ASAS HI health status groups (good, moderate, poor) at baseline and change categories (absolute and percentage change) from baseline to week 16/flare showed good discriminatory ability for almost all outcome variables (p≤0.001). ASAS HI had a large responsiveness in MANGO (standardised response mean (SRM)=−1.3, effect size (ES)=−1.7) and moderate responsiveness in DOBIS (SRM=0.7, ES=0.6).ConclusionASAS HI showed good construct validity, discriminatory ability and responsiveness.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov:NCT02011386.
Large language models for accurate disease detection in electronic health records: the examples of crystal arthropathies
Authors: Bürgisser Nils , Chalot Etienne , Mehouachi Samia , Buclin Clement P. , Lauper Kim , Courvoisier Delphine S. , Mongin Denis 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesWe propose and test a framework to detect disease diagnosis using a recent large language model (LLM), Meta’s Llama-3-8B, on French-language electronic health record (EHR) documents. Specifically, it focuses on detecting gout (‘goutte’ in French), a ubiquitous French term that has multiple meanings beyond the disease. The study compares the performance of the LLM-based framework with traditional natural language processing techniques and tests its dependence on the parameter used.MethodsThe framework was developed using a training and testing set of 700 paragraphs assessing ‘gout’ from a random selection of EHR documents from a tertiary university hospital in Geneva, Switzerland. All paragraphs were manually reviewed and classified by two healthcare professionals into disease (true gout) and non-disease (gold standard). The LLM’s accuracy was tested using few-shot and chain-of-thought prompting and compared with a regular expression (regex)-based method, focusing on the effects of model parameters and prompt structure. The framework was further validated on 600 paragraphs assessing ‘Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease (CPPD)’.ResultsThe LLM-based algorithm outperformed the regex method, achieving a 92.7% (88.7%–95.4%) positive predictive value, a 96.6% (94.6%–97.8%) negative predictive value and an accuracy of 95.4% (93.6%–96.7%) for gout. In the validation set on CPPD, accuracy was 94.1% (90.2%–97.6%). The LLM framework performed well over a wide range of parameter values.ConclusionLLMs accurately detected disease diagnoses from EHRs, even in non-English languages. They could facilitate creating large disease registers in any language, improving disease care assessment and patient recruitment for clinical trials.
Form factors of $$\varLambda _b^0 \rightarrow \varLambda _c(2595)^+$$ within light-cone QCD sum rules
Authors: Duan Hui-Hui , Liu Yong-Lu , Chang Qin , Huang Ming-Qiu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this work, we calculated the form factors of the weak decay process

$$\varLambda _b^0 \rightarrow \varLambda _c(2595)^+$$

Λ
b
0

→

Λ
c

(
2595
)

+

, where the final charm baryon represents an excited state with spin-parity

$$\frac{1}{2}^-$$

1
2

-

. Utilizing the light-cone QCD sum rules approach, we incorporated the contributions of the lowest two charm baryon states: the ground state

$$\varLambda _c$$

Λ
c

with

$$J^P=\frac{1}{2}^+$$

J
P

=

1
2

+

and the excited state

$$\varLambda _c(2595)^+$$

Λ
c

(
2595
)

+

with

$$J^P=\frac{1}{2}^-$$

J
P

=

1
2

-

in the hadronic representation of the

$$\varLambda _b \rightarrow \varLambda _c(2595)^+$$

Λ
b

→

Λ
c

(
2595
)

+

transition correlation function. This approach allows us to extract the form factors of the

$$\varLambda _b^0 \rightarrow \varLambda _c(2595)^+$$

Λ
b
0

→

Λ
c

(
2595
)

+

from

$$\varLambda _b^0 \rightarrow \varLambda _c^+$$

Λ
b
0

→

Λ
c
+

transition. During the light-cone QCD sum rules procedure, we employed the light-cone distribution amplitudes (LCDAs) of the

$$\varLambda _b$$

Λ
b

baryon. Furthermore, by combining these form factors with the helicity amplitudes of the bottom baryon transition matrix elements, we calculated the differential decay widths for the processes

$$\varLambda _b^0 \rightarrow \varLambda _c(2595)^+\ell ^-\bar{\nu }_\ell $$

Λ
b
0

→

Λ
c

(
2595
)

+

ℓ
-

ν

¯

ℓ

and provided the optimal choice of the interpolating current for

$$\varLambda _c$$

Λ
c

in this process. Additionally, within the lifetime of

$$\varLambda _b^0$$

Λ
b
0

, we obtained the absolute branching fractions for the semileptonic decays

$$\varLambda _b^0 \rightarrow \varLambda _c(2595)^+ \ell ^- \bar{\nu }_\ell $$

Λ
b
0

→

Λ
c

(
2595
)

+

ℓ
-

ν

¯

ℓ

. With the branching fractions of

$$\varLambda _b^0 \rightarrow \varLambda _c(2595)^+ \ell ^- \bar{\nu }_\ell $$

Λ
b
0

→

Λ
c

(
2595
)

+

ℓ
-

ν

¯

ℓ

calculated in this work, we also determined the parameter

$$\mathcal {R}(\varLambda _c(2595)^+)$$

R
(

Λ
c

(
2595
)

+

)

which tests the lepton flavor universality. This parameter is defined as the ratio of branching fractions

$$\mathcal {B}r(\varLambda _b^0 \rightarrow \varLambda _c(2595)^+\tau ^-\bar{\nu }_\tau )$$

B
r
(

Λ
b
0

→

Λ
c

(
2595
)

+

τ
-

ν

¯

τ

)

and

$$\mathcal {B}r(\varLambda _b^0 \rightarrow \varLambda _c(2595)^+\mu ^-\bar{\nu }_\mu )$$

B
r
(

Λ
b
0

→

Λ
c

(
2595
)

+

μ
-

ν

¯

μ

)

. Our results provide a valuable theoretical test for these decay channels and offer insights into the LCDAs of bottom baryons, paving the way for further in-depth investigations.
Geometrical deformation of brane matter field within f(R, Q, P) gravity
Authors: Belchior Fernando M. , Maluf Roberto V. , Petrov Albert Yu. , Porfírio Paulo J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In the context of braneworld scenarios, the real scalar field plays a crucial role by providing thickness for brane. In this work, we investigate a codimension-one thick brane within the framework of f(R, Q, P) gravity, where R represents the curvature scalar, while

$$Q=R_{\mu \nu }R^{\mu \nu }$$

Q
=

R

μ
ν

R

μ
ν

and

$$P=R_{\mu \nu \alpha \beta }R^{\mu \nu \alpha \beta }$$

P
=

R

μ
ν
α
β

R

μ
ν
α
β

are quadratic geometric invariants. Our interest is to investigate the influence of these invariants on the scalar field solution and the energy density of the brane. Furthermore, we analyze the localization of spin 1/2 fermions and the gravitino by employing a Yukawa-like coupling with the scalar field background. Such a coupling is able to produce a normalizable zero-mode for both fields.
Sentiments Towards Heritage Languages and Their Speakers
Authors: Fridman Clara , Özsoy Onur 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Research on heritage languages has grown in both volume and scale over the last 30 years. More recently, researchers have begun observing shifts in the ways in which heritage languages and their speakers are being portrayed within the field, newly emphasizing more positive characterizations. In the present meta-analysis, we combine two methodologies to test the extent to which these positive trends in sentiment are reflected in the field of heritage language research: an automated sentiment analysis of 1,034 abstracts of relevant publications and a survey of 80 researchers in the field. Our findings show that while researchers report multiple positive trends in the field, the sentiments reflected in articles have always been consistently positive. Additionally, we provide novel metadata regarding the languages, subfields, and countries most represented within the field of heritage linguistics and discuss implications for future work.
Child Marriage in Morocco: Laws, Rights and Society, Who Against Whom?
Authors: Haddad Abderrahmane 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The marriage of minors, especially girls, is an alarming social phenomenon in Morocco. Despite legislative reforms setting the marriageable age at 18, child marriage persists in Morocco, taking advantage of an exception provided for in current legislation allowing family judges to authorise such unions on an exceptional basis. The exception has become the rule, and the judicial practice is rather lax when it comes to dealing with this issue, and is far from protecting children’s rights. But it seems that this laxity is merely a reflection of a societal position that is still conservative. The conclusion is that the issue of child marriage, and beyond its harmful consequences, is now the point of political discord between conservatives and modernists in Morocco. For some it is much more a religious issue than a social one. Religion is also source of legitimacy for the Moroccan political regime. Any reform of the rules of the family law, and even more of the marriage of minors, should consider these red lines.
Child Marriage in Ghana and National Responses to Curb the Practice
Authors: Kyei-Gyamfi Sylvester , Abutima Theophilus , Kyei-Arthur Frank 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study examined the trends in prevalence of child marriage and its causes and consequences in Ghana. It also examined the efficacy of government’s responses in curbing the practice. Three waves (2006, 2011 and 20217) of Ghana’s Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey were analysed using spss, while interviews with staff of government and non-government organisations and female victims of child marriage were analysed thematically. The study found that child marriage before age 18 has marginally declined by 1.4 per cent between 2006 and 2017. Fear of becoming pregnant before marriage, poverty and cultural expectations emerged as the main reasons for continuing the practice of child marriage. Inadequate funding, enforcement of laws on child marriage, and human and material resources, affected the efficacy of national responses to curb the practice. To help curb child marriage, there is a need for a range of measures, including enhancing family finances and awareness creation on children’s rights.
Ascribed Agency, Denied Influence
Authors: Yin Mark 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Following McMellon and Tisdall’s (2020) literature review on children’s participation rights, as embodied in the Convention on the Rights of the Child, Article 12, this narrative review considers how access to these rights is affected by children’s involvement in the criminal justice system. Based on 30 papers relating to youth participation in youth justice, it is argued that adult-driven narratives of criminalised children as “risky”, “self-interested” or “vulnerable” variously undermine their right to be heard, while children’s narratives about themselves are often neglected. This suggests that the “perennial” implementation solutions identified by McMellon and Tisdall belie more fundamental questions about the very idea of childhood – as exemplified by children in conflict with the law – which warrant their own analysis.
Digital Access, Resources, and Literacy: Mapping the Digital Divide and ICT Learning Challenges among Undergraduate Students in Bangladesh
Authors: Aziz Abdul , Hossain Tareq 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Although Bangladesh has adopted many digital initiatives, it continues to grapple with widespread digital disparity and social inequality. Through semi-structured interviews, this study explores the dynamics of the digital divide and the perceptions and experiences of undergraduate students in Bangladesh in ICT education and learning. The findings indicate that, despite the significant impact of the digital divide, caused by multifaceted socioeconomic inequality, ICT education has largely failed to provide students with essential digital skills. This article emphasizes the need for an effective learning environment that prioritizes three interconnected dimensions: equal access, resources, and digital literacy. By examining the interplay between digital divides and the imperative of integrating e-learning into pedagogical strategies, this study contributes to the field of educational policy and technology. Ultimately, this article advocates a digitally inclusive and student-centred digital learning environment in the technology-poor setting of higher education in Bangladesh.
A Few Remarks on the Name Rozafa of the Castle of Shkodra and Its Connection with the Topic of Immured Woman
Authors: Halili Rigels 
Published: December 2024

A Few Remarks on the Name Rozafa of the Castle of Shkodra and Its Connection with the Topic of Immured Woman
The article discusses the question of the origin of the name Rozafa, which is used primarily to name the fortress in Shkodra but also functions as an object name and proper name in Albania, Kosovo and the Albanian diaspora elsewhere. The article shows the different turns of the transformation of this name over the centuries; it draws attention to the difference between written discourse and oral transmission and shows how this name functions in Albanian culture today. Without arriving at a conclusive conclusion, the article opens up room for further reflection on the subject.

Kilka uwag na temat nazwy zamku w Szkodrze – Rozafa i jej związku z toposem wmurowanej kobiety
W artykule została omówiona kwestia pochodzenia nazwy Rozafa, stosowanej przede wszystkim na określenie twierdzy w Szkodrze, ale która funkcjonuje również jako nazwa własna obiektów i osób w Albanii, Kosowie oraz wśród albańskiej diaspory. Autor pokazuje różne punkty zwrotne w zmianach tej nazwy na przestrzeni wieków, zwraca uwagę na różnicę między dyskursem pisanym a przekazem ustnym i pokazuje, jak nazwa ta funkcjonuje dziś w kulturze albańskiej. Nie dochodząc do ostatecznych wniosków, otwiera pole do dalszej refleksji na ten temat.