bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colitis Linked to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Induces Trypsin Activity Affecting Epithelial Functions
Authors: Solà Tapias Núria , Denadai-Souza Alexandre , Rolland-Fourcade Claire , Quaranta-Nicaise Muriel , Blanpied Catherine , Marcellin Marlène , Edir Anissa , Rolland Corinne , Cirillo Carla , Dietrich Gilles , Alric Laurent , Portier Guillaume , Kirzin Sylvain , Bonnet Delphine , Mas Emmanuel , Burlet-Schiltz Odile , Deraison Céline , Bonnart Chrystelle , Vergnolle Nathalie , Barreau Frédérick 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Intestinal epithelial cells [IECs] from inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] patients exhibit an excessive induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress [ER stress] linked to altered intestinal barrier function and inflammation. Colonic tissues and the luminal content of IBD patients are also characterized by increased serine protease activity. The possible link between ER stress and serine protease activity in colitis-associated epithelial dysfunctions is unknown. We aimed to study the association between ER stress and serine protease activity in enterocytes and its impact on intestinal functions

Methods
The impact of ER stress induced by Thapsigargin on serine protease secretion was studied using either human intestinal cell lines or organoids. Moreover, treating human intestinal cells with protease-activated receptor antagonists allowed us to investigate ER stress-resulting molecular mechanisms that induce proteolytic activity and alter intestinal epithelial cell biology.

Results
Colonic biopsies from IBD patients exhibited increased epithelial trypsin-like activity associated with elevated ER stress. Induction of ER stress in human intestinal epithelial cells displayed enhanced apical trypsin-like activity. ER stress-induced increased trypsin activity destabilized intestinal barrier function by increasing permeability and by controlling inflammatory mediators such as C-X-C chemokine ligand 8 [CXCL8]. The deleterious impact of ER stress-associated trypsin activity was specifically dependent on the activation of protease-activated receptors 2 and 4.

Conclusions
Excessive ER stress in IECs caused an increased release of trypsin activity that, in turn, altered intestinal barrier function, promoting the development of inflammatory process.
Impact of campaign-style delivery of routine vaccines: a quasi-experimental evaluation using routine health services data in India
Authors: Clarke-Deelder Emma , Suharlim Christian , Chatterjee Susmita , Brenzel Logan , Ray Arindam , Cohen Jessica L , McConnell Margaret , Resch Stephen C , Menzies Nicolas A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The world is not on track to achieve the goals for immunization coverage and equity described by the World Health Organization’s Global Vaccine Action Plan. Many countries struggle to increase coverage of routine vaccination, and there is little evidence about how to do so effectively. In India in 2016, only 62% of children had received a full course of basic vaccines. In response, in 2017–18 the government implemented Intensified Mission Indradhanush (IMI), a nationwide effort to improve coverage and equity using a campaign-style strategy. Campaign-style approaches to routine vaccine delivery like IMI, sometimes called ‘periodic intensification of routine immunization’ (PIRI), are widely used, but there is little robust evidence on their effectiveness. We conducted a quasi-experimental evaluation of IMI using routine data on vaccine doses delivered, comparing districts participating and not participating in IMI. Our sample included all districts that could be merged with India’s 2016 Demographic and Health Surveys data and had available data for the full study period. We used controlled interrupted time-series analysis to estimate the impact of IMI during the 4-month implementation period and in subsequent months. This method assumes that, if IMI had not occurred, vaccination trends would have changed in the same way in the participating and not participating districts. We found that, during implementation, IMI increased delivery of 13 infant vaccines, with a median effect of 10.6% (95% confidence interval 5.1% to 16.5%). We did not find evidence of a sustained effect during the 8 months after implementation ended. Over the 12 months from the beginning of implementation, we estimated reductions in the number of under-immunized children that were large but not statistically significant, ranging from 3.9% (−6.9% to 13.7%) to 35.7% (−7.5% to 77.4%) for different vaccines. The largest effects were for the first doses of vaccines against diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis and polio: IMI reached approximately one-third of children who would otherwise not have received these vaccines. This suggests that PIRI can be successful in increasing routine immunization coverage, particularly for early infant vaccines, but other approaches may be needed for sustained coverage improvements.
Exploring the place of spirituality in Canadian health promotion
Authors: Gerhardt-Strachan Karina 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The field of health promotion advocates a socioecological approach to health that addresses a variety of physical, social, environmental, political and cultural factors. Encouraging a holistic approach, health promotion examines many aspects of health and wellbeing, including physical, mental, sexual, community, social and ecological health. Despite this holism, there is a noticeable absence of discussion surrounding spirituality and spiritual health. This research study explored how leading scholars in Canadian health promotion understand the place of spirituality in health promotion. Using the fourth edition of Health Promotion in Canada (Rootman et al., 2017) as the sampling frame of recognized leaders in the field, 13 semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with authors from the book. This study is situated within a critical health promotion approach that utilizes methodologies aiming for social justice, equity and ecological sustainability. I argue that by avoiding spirituality within health promotion frameworks and education, the secularism of health promotion and its underlying values of Eurocentric knowledge production and science remain invisible and rarely critiqued. This study intends to open up possibilities for centering spiritual and non-Western epistemologies and ways of knowing that have been marginalized, such as Indigenous understandings of health and wellbeing. Restoring right relations with Indigenous peoples in Canada has taken on new urgency with the calls to action of the Truth & Reconciliation Commission report (NCTR, 2015). This is one important way that health promotion can fulfill its promise of being inclusive, relevant and effective for human and planetary wellbeing.
Adapting Modernity: Designing with Modern Architecture in East Jerusalem, 1948–1967
Authors: Samman Maha , Saifi Yara 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study examines the influence of modernity on residential buildings as a new form of expansion built during the Jordanian Rule (1948–1967) outside the Old City of East Jerusalem. Through investigating a sample of houses, the study shows how building typologies, layouts and architectural characteristics depict and inform reinterpretations and adaptations of modernity. Unlike the modernity that emerged out of the western locus, these buildings do not ignore their vernacular roots but adapt to the Palestinian socio-cultural lifestyle, and at the same time borrow from the aesthetic and ideological characteristics of the modern idiom. Based on architectural documentation and ethnographic research, the analyses show that the peasants (Fallahin) made an important contribution to the adaptive modernity of residential buildings in East Jerusalem. The designs were influenced by some aspects of modernity but were also subject to local and cultural determinants. The study contributes to the literature on ‘other modernities’ outside the west, and to an architectural history that is informed by people’s private and individual experience rather than by those working in the profession. This is considered to be a neglected heritage that this article aims to redress.
Estimating the contribution of plant traits to light partitioning in simultaneous maize/soybean intercropping
Authors: Li Shuangwei , van der Werf Wopke , Zhu Junqi , Guo Yan , Li Baoguo , Ma Yuntao , Evers Jochem B 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Spatial configuration and plant phenotypic plasticity contribute to increased light capture in relay intercropping, but there is little information on whether these factors also increase light capture in simultaneous intercropping. We developed and validated a three-dimensional functional–structural plant model to simulate light capture in maize and soybean sole crops and intercrop scenarios, using species traits observed in sole crops and intercrops. The intercrop maize phenotype had 2% greater light capture than the sole crop phenotype in a pure stand. The soybean intercrop phenotype had 5–10% lower light capture than the sole crop phenotype in a pure stand. The intercrop configuration increased the light capture of maize by 29% and reduced the light capture of soybean by 42%, compared with the light capture expected from sole crops. However, intercrop configuration only marginally affected total light capture by the intercrop system (+1%). Testing of individual soybean plant traits revealed that plasticity in leaf dimensions was the main reason for differences in light capture by soybean in simulated sole crops and intercrops. The results of this study illustrate a major shift of light capture from shorter species (soybean) to the taller component (maize) in a simultaneous strip intercrop. Plastic plant traits modulate this overall effect, but only marginally.
StPIP1, a PAMP-induced peptide in potato, elicits plant defenses and is associated with disease symptom severity in a compatible interaction with Potato virus Y
Authors: Combest Max M , Moroz Natalia , Tanaka Kiwamu , Rogan Conner J , Anderson Jeffrey C , Thura Lin , Rakotondrafara Aurélie M , Goyer Aymeric 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The role of small secreted peptides in plant defense responses to viruses has seldom been investigated. Here, we report a role for potato (Solanum tuberosum) PIP1, a gene predicted to encode a member of the pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-induced peptide (PIP) family, in the response of potato to Potato virus Y (PVY) infection. We show that exogenous application of synthetic StPIP1 to potato leaves and nodes increased the production of reactive oxygen species and the expression of plant defense-related genes, revealing that StPIP1 triggers early defense responses. In support of this hypothesis, transgenic potato plants that constitutively overexpress StPIP1 had higher levels of leaf callose deposition and, based on measurements of viral RNA titers, were less susceptible to infection by a compatible PVY strain. Interestingly, systemic infection of StPIP1-overexpressing lines with PVY resulted in clear rugose mosaic symptoms that were absent or very mild in infected non-transgenic plants. A transcriptomics analysis revealed that marker genes associated with both pattern-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity were induced in infected StPIP1 overexpressors but not in non-transgenic plants. Together, our results reveal a role for StPIP1 in eliciting plant defense responses and in regulating plant antiviral immunity.
Drone phenotyping and machine learning enable discovery of loci regulating daily floral opening in lettuce
Authors: Han Rongkui , Wong Andy J Y , Tang Zhehan , Truco Maria J , Lavelle Dean O , Kozik Alexander , Jin Yufang , Michelmore Richard W 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFlower opening and closure are traits of reproductive importance in all angiosperms because they determine the success of self- and cross-pollination. The temporal nature of this phenotype rendered it a difficult target for genetic studies. Cultivated and wild lettuce, Lactuca spp., have composite inflorescences that open only once. An L. serriola×L. sativa F6 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population differed markedly for daily floral opening time. This population was used to map the genetic determinants of this trait; the floral opening time of 236 RILs was scored using time-course image series obtained by drone-based phenotyping on two occasions. Floral pixels were identified from the images using a support vector machine with an accuracy &gt;99%. A Bayesian inference method was developed to extract the peak floral opening time for individual genotypes from the time-stamped image data. Two independent quantitative trait loci (QTLs; Daily Floral Opening 2.1 and qDFO8.1) explaining &gt;30% of the phenotypic variation in floral opening time were discovered. Candidate genes with non-synonymous polymorphisms in coding sequences were identified within the QTLs. This study demonstrates the power of combining remote sensing, machine learning, Bayesian statistics, and genome-wide marker data for studying the genetics of recalcitrant phenotypes.
Comparative Genomics Reveals Early Emergence and Biased Spatiotemporal Distribution of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Chiara Matteo , Horner David S , Gissi Carmela , Pesole Graziano 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEffective systems for the analysis of molecular data are fundamental for monitoring the spread of infectious diseases and studying pathogen evolution. The rapid identification of emerging viral strains, and/or genetic variants potentially associated with novel phenotypic features is one of the most important objectives of genomic surveillance of human pathogens and represents one of the first lines of defense for the control of their spread. During the COVID 19 pandemic, several taxonomic frameworks have been proposed for the classification of SARS-Cov-2 isolates. These systems, which are typically based on phylogenetic approaches, represent essential tools for epidemiological studies as well as contributing to the study of the origin of the outbreak. Here, we propose an alternative, reproducible, and transparent phenetic method to study changes in SARS-CoV-2 genomic diversity over time. We suggest that our approach can complement other systems and facilitate the identification of biologically relevant variants in the viral genome. To demonstrate the validity of our approach, we present comparative genomic analyses of more than 175,000 genomes. Our method delineates 22 distinct SARS-CoV-2 haplogroups, which, based on the distribution of high-frequency genetic variants, fall into four major macrohaplogroups. We highlight biased spatiotemporal distributions of SARS-CoV-2 genetic profiles and show that seven of the 22 haplogroups (and of all of the four haplogroup clusters) showed a broad geographic distribution within China by the time the outbreak was widely recognized—suggesting early emergence and widespread cryptic circulation of the virus well before its isolation in January 2020. General patterns of genomic variability are remarkably similar within all major SARS-CoV-2 haplogroups, with UTRs consistently exhibiting the greatest variability, with s2m, a conserved secondary structure element of unknown function in the 3′-UTR of the viral genome showing evidence of a functional shift. Although several polymorphic sites that are specific to one or more haplogroups were predicted to be under positive or negative selection, overall our analyses suggest that the emergence of novel types is unlikely to be driven by convergent evolution and independent fixation of advantageous substitutions, or by selection of recombined strains. In the absence of extensive clinical metadata for most available genome sequences, and in the context of extensive geographic and temporal biases in the sampling, many questions regarding the evolution and clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 isolates remain open. However, our data indicate that the approach outlined here can be usefully employed in the identification of candidate SARS-CoV-2 genetic variants of clinical and epidemiological importance.
A Unique Case of Combined Nodular and Tracheobronchial Amyloidosis
Authors: Ding Feihong , Li Yun , Balasubramanian Shailesh , Ghosh Subha , Valent Jason N , Almeida Francisco , Arrossi A Valeria , Mehta Atul 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Amyloidosis is a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by the extracellular deposition of misfolded proteins that can affect either systemically or locally confined to one system. Pulmonary amyloidosis is rare and can be classified into three forms according to the anatomic site of involvement: nodular pulmonary amyloidosis, tracheobronchial amyloidosis and diffuse alveolar-septal amyloidosis. The former two usually represent localized amyloid disease and the latter represents systemic disease. Typically lung parenchymal and tracheobronchial amyloidosis do not present together in localized forms of pulmonary amyloidosis. Here we report a unique case of localized pulmonary immunoglobulin light-chain amyloidosis, manifested as both parenchymal nodules and tracheobronchial amyloid deposition.
One clot after another in COVID-19 patient: diagnostic utility of handheld echocardiogram
Authors: Jeyashanmugaraja Gini Priyadharshini , Shkolnik Evgeny , Akanya Deborah Tosin , Stawiarski Kristin , Winterbottom Christopher , Zarich Stuart 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
A 63-year-old woman was admitted with severe respiratory distress requiring mechanical ventilation and shock requiring vasopressor support. She was found to have COVID-19 pneumonia. Focused cardiac ultrasound performed for evaluation of shock was significant for right ventricular dilation and dysfunction with signs of right ventricular pressure overload. Given worsening shock and hypoxemia systemic thrombolysis was administered for presumed massive pulmonary embolism with remarkable improvement of hemodynamics and respiratory failure. In next 24 h patient’s neurologic status deteriorated to the point of unresponsiveness. Emergent computed tomography showed multiple ischemic infarcts concerning for embolic etiology. Focused cardiac ultrasound with agitated saline showed large right to left shunt due to a patent foramen ovale. This was confirmed by transesophageal echocardiogram, 5 months later. This case highlights strengths of focused cardiac ultrasound in critical care setting and in patients with COVID-19 when access to other imaging modalities can be limited.
The Fourth Troll Prerequisite
Authors: Jamieson Kathleen Hall 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Chapter 7 explores the fourth troll prerequisite for hacked and generated content to influence the U.S. election: was it persuasive, that is, was it convincing, viral, and memorable? Jamieson discusses how the trolls flooded the communication climate in key areas, the way in which liking and sharing amplified the reach of their messages, and the strength of their evocative visual content, which increased both their virality and memorability.
The Effect of Hacked Content on the Last Two Presidential Debates
Authors: Jamieson Kathleen Hall 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In Chapter 11, Jamieson examines how the hacked content affected the last two presidential debates of the election, in which the moderators took excerpts of Clinton speeches from the emails released via WikiLeaks and deployed them out of context in their questions. One hacked excerpt was spun into a debate question directed at Clinton about whether it’s acceptable for a politician to be “two-faced”; her response and the subsequent framing by Trump, Russian trolls, and Trump-aligned media fueled the supposition that the Democratic nominee had different public and private stances. In the final debate, a line from another Russian-gotten speech was used to imply that Clinton wanted “open borders,” serving both to create an extended discussion of one of Trump’s central campaign appeals and to further the idea that Clinton’s statements in private diverged from those she made in public.
The Role of Russian Disinformation in the Comey “October Surprise”
Authors: Jamieson Kathleen Hall 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Chapter 12 analyzes the role of Russian disinformation in FBI Director James Comey’s decision to verbally indict Clinton’s handling of the server in a public statement in July 2016 announcing that the investigation into it was being closed without charges, as well as in his notification to Congress on October 28 that he was scrutinizing newly found Clinton emails located on the laptop of Anthony Weiner, the husband of a key Clinton aide. Although the reopened investigation proved fruitless, coverage of it by the news media and reinforcement by troll accounts and the Trump campaign fueled suspicion and bolstered Trump’s allegations that Clinton was hiding something.
Russian, Assange, and Troll Activities in the Closing Days of the Election
Authors: Jamieson Kathleen Hall 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Chapter 13 discusses the synergy among Julian Assange, conservative media, and Russian trolls in the final days of the campaign. Two days before the election, WikiLeaks posted allegations of Clinton Foundation wrongdoing, which was amplified by troll accounts and conservative media. During the lead-up to Election Day, the Russian trolls focused their messaging on turning out the votes of evangelicals and military households, suppressing voting by Blacks, and shifting the votes of disaffected liberals to Stein.
Afterword
Authors: Jamieson Kathleen Hall 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The afterword to Cyberwar explores the question of where this knowledge of Russian interference in the 2016 election leaves us, considering the fact that Russian cyberpiracy, espionage, and assaults in 2016 were not a one-time occurrence, despite attempts to deter them via sanctions. Jamieson discusses how five groups unwittingly helped the Russians achieve their ends in 2016—the press, the social media platforms, the citizenry, past and prospective candidates, and the polarizers who have created a climate conducive to distrust and discord—and how we can draw on what we learned in 2016 to combat Russian trolls and hackers going forward.
Did the Russian Machinations Make the Election Close Enough for Clinton to Lose/Trump to Win?
Authors: Jamieson Kathleen Hall 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Throughout Cyberwar, Jamieson argues that taken together the Russian interventions, including press use of the hacked content, troll messaging, disinformation, and the changes in the media and campaign agendas, were sufficient to probably have affected the 2016 Electoral College outcome. Part Five responds to critics who challenge that conclusion. In the process, it examines the controversies over what we know about the nature, extent, timing, targets, and impact of the Russian attacks and their effects.
Deciding Whom to Include in Treatment
Authors: Grove David R. , Greene Gilbert J. , Lee Mo Yee 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This chapter explores the decision of who to include in treatment. In integrative family and systems treatment (I-FAST), this is a case-by-case decision that in and of itself is considered an intervention. Guidelines for making this decision are offered. Two special situations are examined in detail: whole-family interviews as they relate to trauma and family interviews that include both survivor and perpetrator in cases of intrafamilial sexual abuse. Criteria for when and when not to conduct these interviews, along with detailed steps are outlined. Several case examples are offered covering a wide range of issues related to who to include in treatment are given.