bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomised controlled clinical study to evaluate the efficacy of IV injection of caroverine and intratympanic steroid injection in the treatment of cochlear synaptic tinnitus with sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Dhulipalla Sharmila , Sodadasu Radhika 
Published: April 2021

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Cochlear synaptic tinnitus with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is the most common type of subjective tinnitus. Many therapies were tried, but nothing is well proven to cure this. Hence, our present study aims to assess the efficacy of intravenous (IV) injection of caroverine and intratympanic steroid injection in treatment of cochlear synaptic tinnitus with SNHL.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This study was carried out at the ear, nose and throat (ENT) department with 60 patients (22 male, 38 female) between the ages of 20 and 70 who had idiopathic tinnitus. Patients who met inclusion criteria were randomized by simple randomization and divided into two groups. The study group receives intratympanic dexamethasone, twice weekly for total three weeks and stat dose of IV caroverine. The control group receives an intratympanic isotonic solution with an IV caroverine placebo. Tinnitus handicap index (THI) score and pure tone averages (PTA) were done before treatment and in the first week, first month, and six months after completing the study protocol. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In the study group, pre-treatment results, and post-treatment first, sixth month THI scores, PTA results were different to a significant extent, whereas in the control group, the same scores were not different significantly. The THI scores between the groups revealed considerably lower scores in the first and six months for the study group. Successful treatment was defined as a decrease in PTA by 10 dB or more after six months.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The effect of the intratympanic injection of dexamethasone along with IV injection of caroverine on the efficacy of treatment of tinnitus severity and improving hearing was statistically significant.</p>
A study to compare the outcomes of CO2 laser assisted myringoplasty versus conventional type1 tympanoplasty in small central tympanic perforations
Authors: Singh Inderdeep , Patil Basavaraj S. , Akhtar Mohammad Z. 
Published: April 2021

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The standard treatment of tympanic membrane perforation is conventional surgical closure using myringoplasty or a tympanoplasty type 1. In this study the role of cabon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>)-laser-assisted de-epitheliazation of perforation margins and application of bioinert silastic sheet. Success rate was compared with conventional microscopic surgery.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a comparative study containing 60 patients with small dry tympanic membrane perforation (diameter 1-3 mm). The causes of tympanic membrane perforations were mainly traumatic or the eardrum did not heal after spontaneous perforation caused by an acute otitis media or after surgery. The procedure was performed under local anaesthesia. CO<sub>2</sub> (acupulse) applied along the edge of the perforation until complete de-epitheliazation and application of bioinert silastic sheet in small dry perforation. Closure of eardrum perforation was monitored using an otoendoscope. Success rate of the CO<sub>2</sub> laser myringoplasty was compared with conventional type 1 tympanoplasty. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Complete eardrum closure occurred in 24 cases (80%), 06 patients (20%) had a residual perforation. The success rate of this procedure is lower than conventional type 1 tympanoplasty, which is 90-94%. There were no complications during and after the treatment.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> A closure rate of 80% (24/30) was achieved with a CO<sub>2</sub>-laser-assisted de-epitheliazation. This procedure can be offered carefully to selected cases with perforation size &lt;3 mm, where the CO<sub>2</sub> facility is available before they undergo formal conventional microscopic surgery.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
Rare case of intra-oral palatal (soft palate) fibro-lipoma
Authors: Mandal Manit M. , Panchal Ajay J. , Kumar Rakesh , Kapadia Parth B. , Parmar Neel 
Published: April 2021

<p>Amongst various differential diagnoses possible for intra-oral (palatal) mass, possibility of fibro-lipoma is extremely rare but documented in literature, and hence should be a consideration. Such patient requires thorough evaluation and step-wise approach to treat. This case study documents for a 30-year-old male patient presenting with such mass and chief complaints of post nasal drip, nasal obstruction (right side&gt;left side) and intermittent headache for 3 years. After radiological and endoscopic examination, the mass was surgically removed in toto via dual route (trans-oral and endoscopic). Lipomas are uncommon tumors in the oral cavity, and palate being the rarest amongst them as is our case. It would be strongly advocated to keep lipoma in the differential diagnosis when evaluating a palatal mass. Also, it is worth mentioning and recommending that a careful radiological examination of large lesions arising from the palate is a must before approaching for surgery.</p>
DELEUZE VE GUATTARİ’DE DRAMATİZASYONDAN ARZULAMA MAKİNELERİNE ÖZNELLİK ÜRETİMİ
Authors: ÖZCAN Emre , GÜNEŞ Fatime 
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışma, Deleuze ve Guattari’nin yapı konusuna dair eleştirilerini “dramatizasyon” ve “arzulama- makineleri” kavramsallaştırmaları üzerinden ortaya koymaktadır. Buradaki amaç, her iki kavramsallaştırma aracılığıyla Deleuze ve Guattari’deki yapı eleştirisinin öznesiz bir öznellik üretimi fikrine kapı araladığını göstermektir.
Deleuze, dramatizasyon yöntemiyle ideayı kavramın dolayımından kurtarıp saf olayın sahasına çekerken, Guattari’yle birlikte geliştirdiği arzulama-makineleri teorisiyle de arzuyu başkasının ifade ettiği/başkası vasıtasıyla kazandığı olanaklı nesneden, bir bedenin dolayımından kurtararak saf bir nedenle ilişkiye sokmaktadır. Buradaki en önemli husus; özne-nesne, temsil-üretim vb. ikiliklerin yerinden edilmesinden ziyade gerek arzunun gerekse de ideanın bu tür düalizmlerden önce varolduğunun gösterilme çabasıdır. Deleuze ve Guattari açısından temel mesele, düalizmin kendisini reddetmek değildir. Düalizm, heterojen ilişkilerin dağılım modelleri olarak vücut bulmaktadır, yani ikincil bir etki (epifenomen) olarak vardır. Düşünürlerin derdi, her zaman için düalizmle kurulan temsili yıkmaktır ve böylelikle bu dağılımların kendisinin ikilik olarak görünmesini önlemektir. Yapı fikri için de aynı şey geçerlidir. Deleuze ve Guattari’de makinesel süreçler teorisi vasıtasıyla yapı, ancak ve ancak ikincil bir etki olarak ortaya çıkmakta, yani kurucu bir işlev üstlenmemektedir.
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN KARAKTER SISWA ( Studi Kasus di MIS Al Hikmah PPPI Jeru - Tumpang)
Authors: Fahrurozi Fahrurrozi 
Published: April 2021

Nilai karakter sabar, jujur, dan ikhlas merupakan karakter pokok atau Ummahatul Akhlak yang harus diperhatikan dalam dunia pendidikan saat ini. Munculnya tindakan tidakan negatif dikalangan pelajar dan masyarakat,seperti tawuran antar pelajar, mudah marah, tidak tertib, mencontek saat ujian, melakukan tindak korupsi, kurang bisa menerima kekurangan pada diri sendiri, sering mengeluh dalam mengikuti proses belajar dan kegiatan di sekolah adalah bentuk konkrit dari karakter sabar, jujur, dan ikhlas yang belum berkembang dengan maksimal. Oleh karena itu pengembangan karakter tersebut harus segera dilakukan dengan memakai strategi dan metode yang tepat dalam pelaksanaannya.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan strategi pengembangan karakter sabar, jujur, dan ikhlas pada siswa di MIS Al-Hikmah Jeru-Tumpang yang fokus penelitiannya meliputi: (1) strategi pengembangan karakter sabar, jujur, dan ikhlas pada siswa di MIS Al-Hikmah Jeru-Tumpang, (2) Metode pengembangan karakter sabar, jujur, dan ikhlas pada siswa di MIS Al-Hikmah Jeru-Tumpang, dan (3) dampak strategi pengembangan karakter sabar, jujur, dan ikhlas terhadap perilaku siswa di MIS Al-Hikmah Jeru-Tumpang.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis studi kasus dan rancangan kasus tunggal. Pengumpulan data dilakukan untuk memperoleh informasi tentang strategi pengembangan karakter kesabaran, kejujuran keikhlasan siswa di MIS Al Hikmah PPPI Jeru Tumpang melalui observasi partisipan, wawancara mendalam dan dokumentasi. Dalam hal ini peneliti akan menggunakan tiga teknik, yaitu teknik ketekunan pengamatan, triangulasi dan kecukupan referensi. Sedangakan informan dalam penelitian ini adalah kepala MI, pendidik, tenaga kependidikan , wali murid dan pihak lain yang berhubungan dengan penelitian ini.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Strategi pengembangan karakter sabar, jujur, dan ikhlas pada siswa di MIS Al-Hikmah Jeru-Tumpang dilakukan melalui strategi pengenalan, pemahaman, penerapan, pembiasaan, pembudayaan dan internalisasi.(2) Metode pengembangan karakter sabar, jujur, dan ikhlas pada siswa dengan metode mujahadah dan riyadhah, keteladanan, pembiasaan, pemberian nasehat, dan pemberian ganjaran.. (3) Dampak strategi pengembangan karakter sabar, jujur, dan ikhlas pada siswa di MIS Al-Hikmah Jeru-Tumpang ada dua, yaitu dampak secara teoritis dan dampak secara praktis. Kata Kunci: Strategi, karakter, Sabar, Jujur,Ikhlas, siswa
AN ANALYSIS OF MODALITY IN EMMA WATSON AND MICHAEL KIMMEL’S SPEECH TEXTS
Authors: Aprilia Lulu’ Ulfiyah , Misnadin Misnadin 
Published: April 2021

This study used Palmer’s (1986) theory to analyzed Modality and Halliday (2008) to analyze the meaning of modality. Relating to the statements above, this study was proposed to answer two articulated research problems, namely; (1) what are the types of modality found in Emma Watson and Michael Kimmel’s Speech Texts? And (2) To what extent do Emma Watson and Michael Kimmel’s Speech Texts show similarities and differences, if any, in their use of types of modality? This study employs a descriptive qualitative design. The data were all of the speech by Emma Watson and Michael Kimmel’s Speech Texts that contain modality. In terms of types of modality, 30 data of modality were found. The data are classified into two types of modality: Epistemic modality consists of 10 data; judgments (5 data) and modifications (5 data). Deontic modality consists of 20 data; directives (3 data), modifications (4 data), subjectivity (5 data), imperatives (3 data), commissives (2 data), and volitives (3 data). Moreover, in terms of similarities and differences, the data are classified into two terms similarities and differences. We found 11 data of similarities and differences in types of modality: In terms of similarities in types of epistemic modality (3 data) and similarities in types of deontic modality (2 data). In terms of differences in epistemic modality (2 data) and differences in deontic modality (4 data). Keywords: Modality, Epistemic, and Deontic
THE EFFECT OF STUDENTS’ PERSONAL PHOTOGRAPH AS MEDIA IN TEACHING WRITING ABILITY IN SMPN 1 WAWOTOBI
Authors: Hasriati Hasriati , Rama Asri Nofa 
Published: April 2021

The purpose of study is to examine whether significant differences exist in students’ pretest and posttest writing ability as a result of experiencing student’s personal photograph as media and to examine whether significant differences in students’ test scores exist between those attending personal photograph as media and those experiencing conventional instruction without media at the eighth students grade in SMPN 1 Wawotobi. The population of this research was the entire the eighth grade students of SMPN 1 Wawotobi who enrolled in academic year 2016/2017. The data were obtained from students’ pre-test and posttest scores. The pre-test was given before the treatment applied and the posttest is given after the treatment finished. The finding revealed that significant differences exist in students’ pretest and posttest writing ability as a result of experiencing instruction using personal photograph as media, p (.000) 0.05. The finding also indicated that significant differences in students’ test scores exist between those attending personal photograph as media and those experiencing conventional instruction p (.000) 0.05. In light of all these findings, students’ personal photograph significantly affected students’ writing ability. Keywords: Personal Photograph, Writing Ability, Effect
Specifics of the Caledonian Collision in the Ol’khon Region (Lake Baikal, Russia)
Authors: Makrygina V.A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
—Analysis of geochemical, geochronological, and new geophysical data on metasedimentary and igneous rocks of the Ol’khon region has made it possible to substantiate: (1) the absence of products of the Caledonian suprasubduction magmatism from the adjacent part of the Siberian craton and (2) the presence of a product of this magmatism in the Anga–Talanchan island arc, namely, the Krestovsky massif with gabbro-diorite to granite phases. This suggests subduction of the Paleoasian oceanic crust under the island arc before the collision. The geophysical data showed a steep sinking of the Siberian craton margin. This sinking and the supposed contrary movement and rotation of the Siberian craton prevented the appearance of a subduction zone beneath the craton during the collision but caused the wide development of fault plates in the fold belt at the late collision stage. The residue of oceanic crust slab was pressed out along the fault planes near the surface and formed a row of gabbro-pyroxenite massifs of the Birkhin Complex in the fold belt, where syncollisional granitic melts (Sharanur Complex) formed at the same time. The interaction of two contrasting melts gave rise to the Tazheran and Budun alkaline syenite massifs and alkaline metasomatites of the Birkhin and Ulanganta gabbroid massifs.
Estimates for approximate solutions to a functional differential equation model of cell division
Authors: Taylor Stephen William , Yang Xueshan 
Published: April 2021

The functional partial differential equation (FPDE) for cell division,
\[\frac{\partial}{\partial t}n(x,t)+\frac{\partial}{\partial x}(g(x,t)n(x,t)) = -(b(x,t)+\mu(x,t))n(x,t)\]
\[+b(\alpha x,t)\alpha n(\alpha x,t)+b(\beta x,t)\beta n(\beta x,t),\]
is not amenable to analytical solution techniques, despite being closely related to the first order partial differential equation (PDE)
\[\frac{\partial}{\partial t}n(x,t) +\frac{\partial}{\partial x}(g(x,t)n(x,t)) = -(b(x,t)+\mu(x,t))n(x,t)+F(x,t),\]
which, with known \(F(x,t)\), can be solved by the method of characteristics. The difficulty is due to the advanced functional terms \(n(\alpha x,t)\) and \(n(\beta x,t)\), where \(\beta \ge 2 \ge\alpha \ge 1\), which arise because cells of size \(x\) are created when cells of size \(\alpha x\) and \(\beta x\) divide.
The nonnegative function, \(n(x,t)\), denotes the density of cells at time \(t\) with respect to cell size \(x\). The functions \(g(x,t)\), \(b(x,t)\) and \(\mu(x,t)\) are, respectively, the growth rate, splitting rate and death rate of cells of size \(x\). The total number of cells, \(\int_{0}^{\infty}n(x,t)dx\), coincides with the \(L^1\) norm of \(n\). The goal of this paper is to find estimates in \(L^1\) (and, with some restrictions, \(L^p\) for \(p>1\)) for a sequence of approximate solutions to the FPDE that are generated by solving the first order PDE. Our goal is to provide a framework for the analysis and computation of such FPDEs, and we give examples of such computations at the end of the paper.
doi:10.1017/S1446181121000055
Blockchain Applications in Health Care and Public Health: Increased Transparency
Authors: Velmovitsky Pedro Elkind , Bublitz Frederico Moreira , Fadrique Laura Xavier , Morita Plinio Pelegrini 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundAlthough big data and smart technologies allow for the development of precision medicine and predictive models in health care, there are still several challenges that need to be addressed before the full potential of these data can be realized (eg, data sharing and interoperability issues, lack of massive genomic data sets, data ownership, and security and privacy of health data). Health companies are exploring the use of blockchain, a tamperproof and distributed digital ledger, to address some of these challenges.ObjectiveIn this viewpoint, we aim to obtain an overview of blockchain solutions that aim to solve challenges in health care from an industry perspective, focusing on solutions developed by health and technology companies.MethodsWe conducted a literature review following the protocol defined by Levac et al to analyze the findings in a systematic manner. In addition to traditional databases such as IEEE and PubMed, we included search and news outlets such as CoinDesk, CoinTelegraph, and Medium.ResultsHealth care companies are using blockchain to improve challenges in five key areas. For electronic health records, blockchain can help to mitigate interoperability and data sharing in the industry by creating an overarching mechanism to link disparate personal records and can stimulate data sharing by connecting owners and buyers directly. For the drug (and food) supply chain, blockchain can provide an auditable log of a product’s provenance and transportation (including information on the conditions in which the product was transported), increasing transparency and eliminating counterfeit products in the supply chain. For health insurance, blockchain can facilitate the claims management process and help users to calculate medical and pharmaceutical benefits. For genomics, by connecting data buyers and owners directly, blockchain can offer a secure and auditable way of sharing genomic data, increasing their availability. For consent management, as all participants in a blockchain network view an immutable version of the truth, blockchain can provide an immutable and timestamped log of consent, increasing transparency in the consent management process.ConclusionsBlockchain technology can improve several challenges faced by the health care industry. However, companies must evaluate how the features of blockchain can affect their systems (eg, the append-only nature of blockchain limits the deletion of data stored in the network, and distributed systems, although more secure, are less efficient). Although these trade-offs need to be considered when viewing blockchain solutions, the technology has the potential to optimize processes, minimize inefficiencies, and increase trust in all contexts covered in this viewpoint.
Associations Between Psychosocial Measures and Digital Media Use Among Transgender Youth: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Allen Brittany J , Stratman Zoe E , Kerr Bradley R , Zhao Qianqian , Moreno Megan A 
Published: April 2021

Background
Transgender, nonbinary, and gender-diverse (TNG) youth encounter barriers to psychosocial wellness and also describe exploring identities and communities on the web. Studies of cisgender youth connect increased digital technology use with lower well-being, parent relationships, and body image scores as well as increased loneliness and fear of missing out (FOMO). However, little is known about the psychosocial factors associated with digital technology use among TNG compared with cisgender youth.

Objective
This study aims to examine the associations between psychosocial measures and digital technology use and its importance for cisgender and TNG youth.

Methods
We surveyed a nationally representative sample of adolescents (aged 13-18 years) about psychosocial wellness and digital technology use. Psychosocial measures included assessment of well-being, parental relationships, body image, loneliness, and FOMO. Digital media use assessments included the short Problematic and Risky Internet Use Screening Scale-3 and the Adolescent Digital Technology Interactions and Importance (ADTI) scale and subscales. We compared psychosocial measures between gender identity groups. We also compared stratified correlations for psychosocial measures (well-being, parent relationships, body image, loneliness, and FOMO) with ADTI and Problematic and Risky Internet Use Screening Scale-3 scores between gender identity groups. All comparisons were adjusted for age, race, and ethnicity.

Results
Among 4575 adolescents, 53 (1.16%) self-identified as TNG youth. TNG youth had lower scores for well-being (23.76 vs 26.47; P<.001), parent relationships (19.29 vs 23.32; P<.001), and body image (13.50 vs 17.12; P<.001), and higher scores for loneliness (9.28 vs 6.55; P<.001) and FOMO (27.93 vs 23.89; P=.004), compared with cisgender peers. In a pattern different from that of their cisgender peers, better well-being scores and body image for TNG youth predicted higher problematic internet use (PIU) scores (correlation coefficients of 0.32 vs −0.07; P=.004 and 0.26 vs −0.21; P=.002, respectively). FOMO was a stronger positive predictor of higher ADTI total and subscale scores for cisgender youth compared with TNG youth.

Conclusions
Overall, this study supports previously demonstrated disparities in the psychosocial wellness of TNG youth and adds that these disparities include loneliness and FOMO. This study shows prediction of PIU by both higher well-being and better body image, indicating that PIU may not be unilaterally driven by problematic factors among TNG youth. We suggest that this may be because of the specific digital media functions that TNG youth engage with as a disenfranchised population.