Abstract 999: The transcriptional response in colorectal cancer cells varies across four clinically used chemotherapeutic drugs in terms of gene identity, magnitude of change, and p53 dependence
Authors: Carlsen Lindsey , Zhou Lanlan , Borrero Liz J. Hernández , Navaraj Arunasalam , Zhang Shengliang , Schorl Christoph , El-Deiry Wafik S. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Heterogeneity in the p53 response to traditional chemotherapy is recognized but its significance has yet to be exploited in the clinic. Further investigation could provide insight into the relative importance of individual p53 target genes and identify unique characteristics of specific drugs, guiding therapy selection. Wild-type or p53 null HCT-116 cells were treated with oxaliplatin, cisplatin, CPT-11 (irinotecan), or 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) at an IC50 dose for 8 hours, in triplicate. Total cellular RNA was isolated and Clariom™ D microarrays were used to measure changes in RNA expression relative to untreated cells. TAC software was used to calculate fold-changes and statistical significance. Western blot was used to confirm treatment-induced increase in p53 and to further investigate p53 target heterogeneity at the protein level. The top 100 p53-dependent genes upregulated (FC&gt;1.5) by each drug were identified, which revealed BTG2 as the top upregulated gene after oxaliplatin, cisplatin, and 5-FU treatment. Eight genes appeared in all four lists (GPR87, FAS, TP53INP1, DCP1B, POLH, PDGFA, MDM2, and PHLDA3) but variations in magnitude of change across drugs were noted for several including GPR87, FAS, TP53INP1, and MDM2. Moreover, heterogeneity in the magnitude of change of p53 targets was observed by western blot, which also showed differential upregulation of p21 and DR5 across drug treatment conditions. The lists contained numerous genes that were unique to each treatment, with oxaliplatin regulating the highest number of unique genes (31/100). Several transcripts outside of the top 100 were also identified as unique in each drug treatment including BAX, which showed slight preferential upregulation by 5-FU. Evaluation of the p53-independent transcriptional regulation revealed a strikingly significant and unique regulation of histone modifications by 5-FU compared to the other treatments. Beyond the specific genes mentioned, variation in the magnitude of change and identification of the unique targets after each drug treatment highlights potentially important mechanistic differences between the chemotherapeutic drugs. The appearance of eight transcripts in the top 100 upregulated genes for all four drug treatments indicates their importance as well as the contribution of the p53 response to the molecular effects of chemotherapy. We are currently further evaluating the relevance of these genes and their unique contributions to the action of the chemotherapeutic drugs.
Citation Format: Lindsey Carlsen, Lanlan Zhou, Liz J. Hernández Borrero, Arunasalam Navaraj, Shengliang Zhang, Christoph Schorl, Wafik S. El-Deiry. The transcriptional response in colorectal cancer cells varies across four clinically used chemotherapeutic drugs in terms of gene identity, magnitude of change, and p53 dependence [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 999.