bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inverse problem of Mueller polarimetry for metrological applications
Authors: Novikova Tatiana , Bulkin Pavel 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Inverse problem of Mueller polarimetry is defined as a determination of geometrical features of the metrological structures (i.e. 1D diffraction gratings) from its experimental Mueller polarimetric signature.
This nonlinear problem was considered as an optimization problem in a multi-parametric space using the least square criterion and the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm.
We demonstrated that solving optimization problem with the experimental Mueller matrix spectra taken in conical diffraction configuration helps finding a global minimum and results in smaller variance values of reconstructed dimensions of the grating profile.
Should Bitcoin Be Classified as Money?
Authors: Passinsky Asya 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The advent of virtual currencies such as bitcoin raises a pressing question for lawmakers, regulators, and judges: should bitcoin and other virtual currencies be classified as money or currency for legal and regulatory purposes? I examine two different approaches to answering this question—a descriptive approach and a normative approach. The descriptive approach says that bitcoin and other virtual currencies should be classified as money or currency just in case they really are money or currency, whereas the normative approach says that this question of classification should be answered on the basis of substantive normative considerations. I argue against the descriptive approach and in favor of the normative approach.
Visual metaphtonymy in automobile femvertising
Authors: Chatti Sami 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn a 2017 landmark reform, Saudi authorities decided to lift the ban on women driving in this conservative society. In tribute to women’s newly-gained freedom to drive, major automakers turned to Twitter to launch creative femvertising campaigns that vividly articulate the female empowering motto ‘driving is feminine’. Building on the eloquence of visual rhetoric, which combines the communicative force of figurative language with the expressive potential of visual imagery, automobile advertisers resorted to visual metaphtonymy to efficiently target prospective female consumers. The selection of this visual compound, which emerges from the intricate interplay between metaphor and metonymy, allows for a dynamic interaction between the highlighting function of metonymy and the mapping role of metaphoric thought to establish informed parallels between femininity and automobility. Analysis of survey data on the likeability, complexity and effectiveness of a representative sample of four digital automobile advertisements asserts the role and value of visual metaphtontonymy in automobile femvertising.
Culturally responsive teaching knowledge and practices of online faculty in educational administration: a pilot study
Authors: Ballenger Julia , Jiang Mei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The new statistics project that the nation will become “Minority White” in 2045 where Whites will comprise 49.7% of the population. In contrast, Hispanics will comprise 24.6%, Blacks 13.1%, Asians 7.9%, and 3.8% for multiracial populations. Given such shifts in the demographic trends, a culturally inclusive curriculum design and delivery is critical for all students’ success. The purpose of this pilot quantitative comparative research study was to assess Culturally Responsive Teaching Knowledge (CRT) and Culturally Responsive Educational Practices (CREP) in Texas public university faculty who teach and/or advise online Master’s and/or Doctoral students of color, military students, LGBTQ students, religious minority students, and international students in Educational Administration. All respondents in this pilot research study believed Culturally Responsive Teaching was “very important”. However, their self-reported ratings on knowledge of CRT were significantly lower than their value of CRT. These findings revealed the respondents recognized the importance and necessity of cultural diversity in online learning. They viewed cultural differences as assets in online courses. However, they self-perceived their own knowledge of cultural diversity in online teaching was insufficient. With the changing student demographics and increase in international students, faculty members should incorporate diverse learning activities into the online course design to promote equitable learning outcomes. These instructional methods are particularly important to the online graduate programs in the fields of Educational Administration, Instructional Administration, and Educational Leadership.
Caregiver overload and factors associated with care provided to patients under palliative care
Authors: Silva Alice Regina Felipe , Fhon Jack Roberto Silva , Rodrigues Rosalina Aparecida Partezani , Pecchi Leite Mariane Thais 
Published: March 2021

Objective. To identify overload and associated factors among caregivers of adult patients receiving palliative care.
Methods. Descriptive, quantitative, and cross-sectional study addressing 40 adults under palliative care and their respective caregivers enrolled in the Home Care System in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. Data concerning the patients included demographic profile and Mini-Mental State Examination. A form was used to collect the caregivers’ demographic data along with the Zarit Burden Interview Scale, Self-Reporting Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, and Coping Strategies Inventory.
Results. Regarding the patients, 84.2% were women, 52.6% were over 80, 65.8% had no partner, and 76.3% presented cognitive impairment. The caregivers were mostly women (84.5%), aged 56.67 years old on average, were the patients’ children (42.5%); had no partner (55%), and lived with the patient (77.5%). The mean score obtained in the burden scale was 28.78 points, 32.5% had stress, and 42.5% depression. Regarding coping strategies, the ones most frequently used were positive reappraisal (12.8), withdrawal (10.2), and problem solution (9.7). A positive and statistically significant correlation was found between time spent with care (days and hours) and escape/avoidance with overload. Linear regression analysis revealed an association between being a woman (p=0.002), number of days spent with care (p=0.004), and depression (p<0.001) with overload.
Conclusion. Being a woman, spending more days providing care, and depressive symptoms were associated with caregiver overload.
Barriers and facilitators to breastfeeding support practices in a neonatal intensive care unit in Colombia
Authors: Abugov Haley , Ochoa Marín Sandra Catalina , Semenic Sonia , Arroyave Isabel Cristina 
Published: March 2021

Objective. To assess breastfeeding support practices and related barriers and facilitators in a large Intensive Care Unit, Neonatal (NICU) in Medellín, Colombia, as part of a broader quality improvement initiative to enhance breastfeeding support.
Methods. A mixed-methods descriptive design was used to collect data on care practices and outcomes related to NICU breastfeeding support. Data sources included the Neo-BFHI’s self-assessment questionnaire of breastfeeding policies and practices, clinical observations, and a retrospective review of 51 patient charts.
Results. Of the 51 charts reviewed, 98% of the infants received breastmilk during their hospitalization but the majority (84%) also received formula and only 8% of infants were exclusively breastfed at the time of NICU discharge. All NICU staff received education on mother and baby-friendly care, and the unit complied with the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk substitutes. However, resources to support lactation (e.g., access to breastfeeding specialists, breast pumps, written teaching materials for parents) were limited, and infants were only allowed to consume milk expressed within the hospital. Mother-infant separation, as well as staff beliefs and care routines, also limited important breastfeeding support practices such as skin-to-skin care and early initiation of direct breastfeeding.
Conclusion. The self-assessment questionnaire and observations revealed a high value for breastfeeding and a family-centered approach to care in the NICU. Key challenges to sustaining breastfeeding in the NICU included a lack of facilities for supporting parental presence, barriers to expression and provision of mother’s milk, and a high rate of bottle-feeding with formula.
Nurses’ knowledge, attitude and practices on use of restraints at State Mental health care setting: An impact of in-service education programme
Authors: Rentala Sreevani , Govinder Thimmajja Sunanda , Bevoor Prashant , Bevinahalli Nanjegowda Raveesh 
Published: March 2021

Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of short-term in-service education program in improving nurse’s knowledge, attitude and self-reported practices related to physical restraint use.
Methods. A quasi-experimental one group pre-post study was conducted involving nurses working at a tertiary mental health care setting, Dharwad, India. We provided 3 consecutive days of intensive restraint management education (total 6 hours-two hours per day) with a follow-up assessment after one month. The standard questionnaires on knowledge, attitude and practice regarding physical restraints were used as tools for measuring the impact of in-service education program. The program was conducted for a group of five to six nurses at a time. Teaching was done using lecture method, group discussion and demonstrations.
Results. Of the 52 nurses who participated in the study, 52% were male, 58.5% had a baccalaureate degree. The mean age of respondents was 33.3 years, the mean work experience was 6.7 years. The findings of the study revealed that the mean scores on the knowledge regarding physical restraints increased after the in-service education from 6.4 to 8.2 (p<0.001). The mean attitude scores improved from 18.5 to 23.1 (p<0.001). There was a significant difference in mean practice scores between pre and post-intervention phases (23.7 versus 25.4; p<0.001). There was a significant correlation between post-test knowledge, attitude and practice scores.
Conclusion. The in-service education program improved nurse’s knowledge, attitude and self-reported practice scores. This may lead to more effective restraints management by psychiatric nurses.
National Early Warning Score 2 Lactate (NEWS2-L) in Predicting Early Clinical Deterioration in Patients with Dyspnoea in Prehospital Care
Authors: Villanueva Rábano Raúl , Martín-Rodríguez Francisco , López-Izquierdo Raúl 
Published: March 2021

Objective. To evaluate the ability of the NEWS2-L (National Early Warning Score 2 Lactate) scale to predict the risk of early clinical deterioration (mortality within 48 hours) in patients with dyspnoea treated by the Medical Emergency Services compared with NEWS2 and lactate in isolation.
Methods. Prospective, multi-centre study of a cohort of 638 patients with dyspnoea treated in the ambulance and priority-transferred to a hospital emergency service in the cities of Valladolid, Salamanca, Segovia or Burgos (Spain). We collected clinical, analytical and demographic data. The main outcome measure was all-cause mortality within 48 hours. The recommendations of the Royal College of Physicians were followed to calculate NEWS2. When NEWS2 and LA prehospital values were obtained, the two values were added together to obtain the NEWS2-L.
Results. Mortality within 48 hours was fifty-six patients (8.8%). The NEWS2-L scale obtained an area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) for mortality within 48 hours of 0.854 (CI 95% 0.790–0.917), at seven days of 0.788 (CI 95% 0.729–0.848) and at 30 days of 0.744 (CI 95% 0.692–0.796); in all cases p<0.001, with a significant decrease between the value at 48 hours and at 30 days.
Conclusion. The NEWS2-L scale was found to be significantly superior to the NEWS2 scale and similar to lactate in predicting early clinical deterioration in patients with dyspnoea. This scale can help a nurse detect these patients early, as part of their regular practice, and thus guide therapeutic efforts.
Seismic Observations of Four Thunderstorms Using an Underground Fiber-Optic Array
Authors: Hone Samuel , Zhu Tieyuan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Thunderstorms are a common atmospheric phenomenon that cause abundant acoustic disturbances, which can interact with the ground surface, creating a link between atmospheric and solid Earth processes. This article reports seismological observations of four thunderstorms through the spring and summer of 2019, as recorded by the distributed acoustic sensing fiber-optic array (4.9 km) on the Penn State campus in State College, Pennsylvania. With a dense sensor array in the local region, we are able to construct the seismic full waveform response of the thunderstorm events (hereafter referred to as thunderquakes) and track the wave propagation across the array. We use a time-domain grid search to obtain the back azimuth and slowness of the waves, and a modified Geiger’s method to pinpoint source locations of the thunderquakes. Correlated with the time of the recorded signal, this data allows reconstruction of thunderstorm movement as well as offering measurements of the seismic velocity.
Challenges and Perspectives for Lowering the Vertical-Component Long-Period Detection Level
Authors: Forbriger Thomas , Zürn Walter , Widmer-Schnidrig Rudolf 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
For observations of vertical-component acceleration in the normal-mode band (0.3–10 mHz), the detection sensitivity for signals from the Earth’s body can be improved to levels below the Peterson low-noise model (PLNM). This is achieved by deterministic procedures that (at least partly) remove the accelerations originating from atmospheric mass fluctuations. The physical models used in such corrections are still too simple and fail at frequencies above 3 mHz. Anticipating improved atmospheric correction procedures, we explore the prospects of lowering the detection level. From recordings of excellent vertical-component sensors operated under exceptional site conditions at the Black Forest Observatory, we select time windows of very low background signal, for which all of the contributing broadband seismometers showed their best performance. Streckeisen seismometers of type STS-1, STS-2, and STS-6A, a Nanometrics Trillium T360, and the superconducting gravimeter (SG) SG056 manufactured by GWR Instruments take part in this comparison. Because of their low level of self-noise, the STS-1 and the SG056-G1 benefit the most from a correction with the best currently available improved Bouguer plate model for atmospherically induced signals at frequencies below 1 mHz. As far as we know, this is the first case in which the background level of a broadband seismometer could be lowered below the PLNM. At signal periods beyond the normal-mode band (investigated up to 12 hr), the gravimeters show the lowest level of self-noise, directly followed by the STS-6A. In the band from 0.3 to 10 mHz, the STS-1 has the lowest level of self-noise, which is at least 4 dB below the PLNM, directly followed by the T360 and the STS-6A. Sensors of lower self-noise than the currently manufactured STS-6A or T360 are needed before improved atmospheric correction procedures lead to a significantly lower vertical-component detection threshold.
ACUMULAÇÃO DE CAPITAL E IDEOLOGIA NUMA ECONOMIA PERIFÉRICA: ensaio sobre o desenvolvimentismo brasileiro
Authors: Xavier Glauber Lopes , Maciel Roseli Martins Tristão 
Published: March 2021

O presente texto tem por objetivo refletir sobre as abordagens do desenvolvimento, difundidas nos países periféricos, especificamente o caso do Brasil. Ressalta as características ideológicas do pensamento econômico latino americano cujos parâmetros são os processos de acumulação de capital nos países centrais. Fundamenta-se em Marx e no seu materialismo histórico dialético, cuja análise considera que a realidade social e sua dinâmica não existem no vazio e sim na sua historicidade e concretude, a fim de demonstrar a inconsistência e insuficiência das teorias econômicas para a compreensão do processo de desenvolvimento econômico na América Latina, e no Brasil.Palavras-chave: Acumulação de capital. Desenvolvimento. Ideologia.ACCUMULATION OF CAPITAL AND IDEOLOGY IN A PERIPHERAL ECONOMY: essay on Brazilian developmentalismAbstractThe present text aims to reflect on the development approaches, spread in peripheral countries, specifically the case of Brazil. It highlights the ideological characteristics of Latin American economic thought whose parameters are the process of capital accumulation in central countries. It is based on Marx and his dialectical historical materialism, whose analysis considers that social reality and its dynamics do not exist in a vacuum but in their historicity and concreteness, in order to demonstrate the inconsistency and insufficiency of economic theories to understand the process of economic development in Latin America, and in Brazil.Keywords: Capital accumulation. Development. Ideology.
TENDÊNCIAS CONTEMPORÂNEAS DA PARTICIPAÇÃO POPULAR: experiências dos conselhos municipais de saúde do Espírito Santo
Authors: Ferraz Ana Targina Rodrigues 
Published: March 2021

Este artigo sintetiza os principais resultados de pesquisa desenvolvida acerca das tendências contemporâneas da participação popular a partir da experiência de participação no âmbito dos conselhos municipais de saúde do estado doEspírito Santo. O principal objetivo do estudo é demonstrar como as novas modalidades de organização, mobilização e comunicação dos movimentos sociais (coletivos, redes e fóruns) afetaram os processos de participação popular no âmbito da política de saúde, especialmente as estratégias de informação e comunicação, a estrutura e dinâmica de funcionamento dos conselhos. É um estudo de caso cuja coleta de dados foi realizada por meio da análise de documentos públicos e sites, acompanhamento das redes sociais de movimentos e conselhos, observação das reuniões de movimentos e conselhos eentrevistas. O principal resultado da pesquisa é a constatação da existência de um hiato entre os mecanismos de participação construídos como forma de viabilizar a democracia participativa e as demandas por participação direta decoletivos, redes e fóruns.Palavras-chave: Participação popular. Movimentos sociais. Conselhos de saúde.CONTEMPORARY TRENDS IN PUBLIC PARTICIPATION: the experiences of municipal health councils in Espírito SantoAbstractThis article synthesises the main results of research around contemporary trends in public participation drawn from the experiences of Municipal Health Councils in Espírito Santo. The main objective of the study was to demonstrate how newmodes of organization, mobilization and communication of social movements (collectives, networks and forums) affect the processes of public participation in the ambit of health policy. This is a case study whose data the collection of data was carried out through the analysis of public documents and websites, following the social networks of social movements and councils, observation on the meetings of social movements and councils, and interviews. The main result of the research is the finding of a gap between the participation mechanisms built as a way to make participatory democracy viable and the demands for direct participation of collectives, networks and forums.Keywords: Public participation. Social movements. Health Councils.
UMA ANÁLISE DOS SENTIDOS DA NÃO-PARTICIPAÇÃO POPULAR NO ESTADO BRASILEIRO: dilemas históricos e perspectivas contemporâneas.
Authors: Costa Francisca Fábricia Teodoro , Carvalho Alba Maria Pinho de 
Published: March 2021

Em um cenário marcado pelo ultraneoliberalismo autoritário e pela desproteção no campo dos direitos sociais e humanos, o estudo empreende um resgate bibliográfico e reflexivo acerca das configurações da formação do Estado brasileiro e sua relação com a sociedade civil, em um contexto permeado por dilemas e limites de uma democracia ainda jovem. Ao longo da análise, foi possível configurar que a formação estatal brasileira, ora em crise, em suas raízes históricas, revela a presença de um Estado forte e autoritário, em detrimento de uma população não participante dos processos decisórios. Talfragilização vincula-se à forma de condução autoritária das elites que não viabilizaram a participação das camadas populares na esfera política de forma protagonista. Conclui que o fortalecimento da participação popular no tempo presente requer avanços capazes de responder às complexas questões contemporâneas.Palavras-chave: Participação. Estado brasileiro. Sociedade civil. Autoritarismo.AN ANALYSIS OF THE MEANINGS OF POPULAR NON-PARTICIPATION IN THE BRAZILIAN STATE: historical dilemmas and contemporary perspectivesAbstractIn a scenario marked by authoritarian ultraneoliberalism and the lack of protection in the field of social and human rights, the study undertakes a bibliographic and reflective rescue about the configurations of the formation of the Brazilian State and its relationship with civil society, in a context permeated by dilemmas and limits of a still young democracy. Throughout the analysis, it was possible to configure that the Brazilian state formation, now in crisis, in its historical roots, reveals the presence of a strong and authoritarian State, to the detriment of a population not participating in the decision-making processes. Such weakening is linked to the form of authoritarian leadership of the elites who did not allow the participation of the popular strata in the political sphere in a protagonist way. The strengthening of popular participation at the present time requires advances capable of responding to complex contemporary issues.Keywords: Participation; Brazilian state; Civil society. Authoritarianism.
O ENIGMA AMÉRICA LATINA: golpes, insurreições e revoluções - entrevista especial com Waldir Rampinelli
Authors: Barbosa Zulene Muniz 
Published: March 2021

Entrevistadora - Professor Waldir Rampinelli, considerando que povos e culturas indígenas, africanas e europeias estão na gênese da formação histórica das Américas, qual o porquê de intitular-se América Latina (do caribe para baixo) para qualificar este território? Waldir Rampinelli -Simón Bolivar diferenciava as Américas em Meridional (do Novo México ao Estreito de Magalhães) e Setentrional (do Novo México para cima). Por sua vez, José Martí falava na América Europeia, aquela que havia nascido do arado (Estados Unidos) e a outra, que havia surgido do cão de caça (do rio Bravo para baixo). Os europeus, uma vez tendo conquistado territórios pela espada e pela cruz, foram dando nomes a todos os lugares. Hernán Cortés, por exemplo, não apenas destruiu as civilizações da região da Anáhuac, como também teve o cuidado de renomeá-la com símbolos do cristianismo. O mesmo fez Francisco Pizarro na região andina. Dar nome é mostrar e ter poder.