bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lateral bedrock erosion and valley formation in a heterogeneously layered landscape, Northeast Kansas
Authors: Marcotte Abbey L. , Neudorf Christina M. , Langston Abigail L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this study, we present direct field measurements of modern lateral and vertical bedrock erosion during a 2‐year study period, and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages of fluvial material capping a flat bedrock surface at Kings Creek located in northeast Kansas, USA. These data provide insight into rates and mechanisms of bedrock erosion and valley‐widening in a heterogeneously layered limestone‐shale landscape. Lateral bedrock erosion outpaced vertical incision during our 2‐year study period. Modern erosion rates, measured at erosion pins in limestone and shale bedrock reveal that shale erosion rate is a function of wetting and drying cycles, while limestone erosion rate is controlled by discharge and fracture spacing. Variability in fracture spacing amongst field sites controls the size of limestone block collapse into the stream, which either allowed continued lateral erosion following rapid detachment and transport of limestone blocks, or inhibited lateral erosion due to limestone blocks that protected the valley wall from further erosion. The OSL ages of fluvial material sourced from the strath terrace were older than any material previously dated at our study site and indicate that Kings Creek was actively aggrading and incising throughout the late Pleistocene. Coupling field measurements and observations with ages of fluvial terraces can be useful to investigate the timing and processes linked to how bedrock rivers erode laterally over time to form wide bedrock valleys.
River Discharge and Water Level Changes in the Mekong River: Droughts in an Era of Mega‐Dams
Authors: Lu Xi Xi , Chua Samuel De Xun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhile 1992 marked the first major dam – Manwan – on the main stem of the Mekong River, the post‐2010 era has seen the construction and operationalisation of mega dams such as Xiaowan (started operations in 2010) and Nuozhadu (started operations in 2014) that were much larger than any dams built before. The scale of these projects implies that their operations will likely have significant ecological and hydrological impacts from the Upper Mekong Basin to the Vietnamese Delta and beyond. Historical water level and water discharge data from 1960 to 2020 were analysed to examine the changes to streamflow conditions across three time periods: 1960–1991 (pre‐dam), 1992–2009 (growth) and 2010–2020 (mega‐dam). At Chiang Saen, the nearest station to the China border, monthly water discharge in the mega‐dam period has increased by up to 98% during the dry season and decreased up as much as −35% during the wet season when compared to pre‐dam records. Similarly, monthly water levels also rose by up to +1.16 m during the dry season and dropped by up to −1.55 m during the wet season. This pattern of hydrological alterations is observed further downstream to at least Stung Treng (Cambodia) in our study, showing that Mekong streamflow characteristics have shifted substantially in the post‐2010 era. In light of such changes, the 2019–2020 drought – the most severe one in the recent history in the Lower Mekong Basin – was a consequent of constructed dams reducing the amount of water during the wet season. This reduction of water was exacerbated by the decreased monsoon precipitation in 2019. Concurrently, the untimely operationalisation of the newly opened Xayaburi dam in Laos coincided with the peak of the 2019–2020 drought and could have aggravated the dry conditions downstream. Thus, the mega‐dam era (post‐2010) may signal the start of a new normal of wet‐season droughts.
Chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy increases nontraumatic fracture risk in breast cancer survivors
Authors: McNeish Brendan L. , Richardson James K. , Bell Sarah G. , Whitney Daniel G. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTChemotherapy is a common treatment for breast cancer (BrCa) and can cause chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). CIPN contributes to falls, and is thus a potential risk factor for nontraumatic fractures (NTFx); yet, the effect of CIPN on NTFx risk has not been examined for BrCa survivors. We therefore investigated the association between CIPN and NTFx in BrCa survivors. Data were extracted from Optum's Deidentified Clinformatics® Data Mart Database years 2010–2015 in this retrospective cohort study. Among women, three groups were derived based on BrCa and CIPN status: BrCa+/CIPN+ (primary group of interest), BrCa+/CIPN− (first comparison group), and BrCa−/CIPN− (second comparison group). After propensity score matching the comparison groups to BrCa+/CIPN+ at a ratio of 1:11 (BrCa:control) for demographics, osteoporosis, glucocorticoid medication, comorbidities, and cancer‐related variables for BrCa+/CIPN−, 1‐year incidence rate (IR) of NTFx was determined for each group. The incident rate ratio (IRR) determined if the IR for NTFx was different for BrCa+/CIPN+ compared to BrCa+/CIPN− and BrCa−/CIPN−. Cox proportional hazards regression models estimated the hazard ratios (HRs) after adjusting for covariates that were unable to be matched for. The crude IR (95% confidence interval [CI]) of NTFx was 4.54 (2.32–6.77) for BrCa+/CIPN+ (n = 359), 2.53 (2.03–3.04) for BrCa+/CIPN− (n = 3949), and 1.76 (1.35–2.18) for BrCa−/CIPN− (n = 3949). The crude IRR of NTFx was significantly elevated for BrCa+/CIPN+ as compared to BrCa+/CIPN− (IRR = 1.80; 95% CI, 1.06–3.05) and BrCa−/CIPN− (IRR = 2.58; 95% CI, 1.50–4.44). The elevated rate of NTFx for BrCa+/CIPN+ remained unchanged after adjusting for aromatase inhibitors compared to BrCa+/CIPN− (HR = 1.79; 95% CI, 1.06–3.04). Female BrCa survivors have an increased 1‐year IR of NTFx after the onset of CIPN, suggesting that CIPN is an additive burden on NTFx risk among BrCa survivors. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Efficientenergy‐conservativedispersive transistor modelling usingdiscrete‐timeconvolution and artificial neural networks
Authors: King Justin B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper describes an efficient simulation technique for field‐effect transistor devices exhibiting significant frequency dispersive behavior. The device model is formulated such that a single energy function completely describes the channel displacement current, thus imposing charge and energy conservations principles from the outset. It is shown that adherence to energy conservation necessarily implies a reciprocal intrinsic displacement network, which is typically too rigid to follow measured device data. This problem is overcome by considering a frequency dispersive time‐delay parameter, which has the effect of allowing nonreciprocal susceptance behavior to be captured by the overall device model. This dispersive time‐delay parameter is included within the nonlinear device simulation via an efficient discrete‐time convolution.
Passing return‐to‐sport criteria and landing biomechanics in young athletes following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Losciale Justin M. , Ithurburn Matthew P. , Paterno Mark V. , Schmitt Laura C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe sought to evaluate the sagittal plane knee joint loading patterns during a double‐leg landing task among young athletes who passed or failed return‐to‐sport (RTS) criteria following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction reconstruction (ACLR), and in uninjured athletes. Participants completed quadriceps strength testing, a hop test battery, and the International Knee Documentation Committee subjective form following medical RTS clearance. ACLR participants “passed” RTS criteria (RTS‐PASS) if they met ≥90 limb symmetry (%) or score on all measures and were categorized as “failing” (RTS‐FAIL) if not. All participants completed three‐dimensional motion analysis testing. Sagittal plane kinematic and kinetic variables were calculated during a double‐leg drop vertical jump task. Mean limb values and limb symmetry indices (LSI; %) were calculated and compared using a one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (for LSI) and mixed between‐within ANOVA (for group × limb differences). A total of 205 participants were included, with 39 in the RTS‐PASS group, 109 in the RTS‐FAIL group, and 57 control groups (CTRLs). The RTS‐FAIL group demonstrated lower symmetry values for peak vertical ground reaction force, peak internal knee extension moment, and peak knee flexion angle. Group × limb interactions were observed for peak vertical ground reaction force and peak internal knee extension moment. Involved limb values were reduced in the RTS‐PASS and RTS‐FAIL groups compared to CTRLs, while the RTS‐PASS groups had lower uninvolved limb values compared to the RTS‐FAIL and CTRLs.Clinical Significance:Young athletes who pass RTS criteria after ACLR land symmetrically during a double‐leg task, but symmetry was achieved by reducing loading on both limbs.
The role of loading in murine models of rotator cuff disease
Authors: Abraham Adam C. , Fang Fei , Golman Mikhail , Oikonomou Panagiotis , Thomopoulos Stavros 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRotator cuff disease pathogenesis is associated with intrinsic (e.g., age, joint laxity, muscle weakness) and extrinsic (e.g., mechanical load, fatigue) factors that lead to chronic degeneration of the cuff tissues. However, etiological studies are difficult to perform in patients due to the long duration of disease onset and progression. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of altered joint loading on the rotator cuff. Mice were subjected to one of three load‐dependent rotator cuff tendinopathy models: underuse loading, achieved by injecting botulinum toxin‐A into the supraspinatus muscle; overuse loading, achieved using downhill treadmill running; destabilization loading, achieved by surgical excision of the infraspinatus tendon. All models were compared to cage activity animals. Whole joint function was assessed longitudinally using gait analysis. Tissue‐scale structure and function were determined using microCT, tensile testing, and histology. The molecular response of the supraspinatus tendon and enthesis was determined by measuring the expression of 84 wound healing‐associated genes. Underuse and destabilization altered forepaw weight‐bearing, decreased tendon‐to‐bone attachment strength, decreased mineral density of the humeral epiphysis, and reduced tendon strength. Transcriptional activity of the underuse group returned to baseline levels by 4 weeks, while destabilization had significant upregulation of inflammation, growth factors, and extracellular matrix remodeling genes. Surprisingly, overuse activity caused changes in walking patterns, increased tendon stiffness, and primarily suppressed expression of wound healing‐related genes. In summary, the tendinopathy models demonstrated how divergent muscle loading can result in clinically relevant alterations in rotator cuff structure, function, and gene expression.
Water mimosa (Neptunia oleracea Lour.) can fix and transfer nitrogen to rice in their intercropping system
Authors: Hei Zewen , Xiang Huimin , Zhang Jiaen , Liang Kaiming , Ren Xiaoqiao , Sun Yanran , Wu Ruiqin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDCereal–legume intercropping systems are an environmentally friendly practice in sustainable agriculture. However, research on the interspecific interaction of nitrogen (N) between rice and aquatic legumes has rarely been undertaken. To address this issue, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate N utilization and the N interaction between rice and water mimosa (Neptunia oleracea Lour.) in an intercropping system. The root barrier patterns consisted of solid barrier (SB), mesh barrier (MB), and no barrier (NB) treatments. The N fertilizer application rates were low, medium, and high N rates.RESULTSThe results showed that the NB treatment better facilitated rice growth compared with the MB and SB treatments. And the nitrate N content and urease activity of rice rhizospheric soil in the NB treatment were the highest of the three separated patterns. The ammonium N content in water mimosa rhizospheric soil and N2 fixation of water mimosa ranked as NB > MB > SB.CONCLUSIONSThe amount of N fixation by water mimosa was 4.38–13.64 mg/pot, and the N transfer from water mimosa to rice was 3.97–9.54 mg/pot. This can promote the growth of rice and reduce the application of N fertilizer. We suggest that the rice–water mimosa intercropping system is a sustainable ecological farming approach and can be applied in the field to facilitate rice production. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Multivariate statistics for summarizing diesel feeds for flammability attributes using comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography
Authors: Machakanur Shrinath , Savalia Anilkumar , Bhakthavatsalam Vishnupriya 
Published: June 2021

AbstractComprehensive 2D gas chromatography has been utilized for analyzing complex mixtures of hydrocarbons of diesel feeds. Here, we evaluated 19 diesel feeds for their paraffinic, naphthenic, and aromatic group compositions dictating their flammability properties. Compositional ranges of feeds were as follows: paraffins: 9.6–57.8%, naphthenes: 7.9–38.5%, and aromatics: 10.5–82.3%. Diesel's flammability performance is estimated by thermodynamic conditions and rates of radical formation of hydrocarbon type in actual engine condition, limiting cetane number. However, limitations are overcome by understanding the relative compositional variations of feeds by simple ranking of feeds based on C15‐16 compositions. Due to the multidimensional variability of feeds, a principal component analysis was adopted later for its distinguishing capability. Paraffinic, naphthenic, and aromatic group's principal component analysis clustered up feeds based on the higher concentration of individual hydrocarbon group. We explored hierarchical cluster analysis to organize feeds into classes of mixed C9 to C26 paraffin's composition in the diesel range. Further, for discriminating C15–C16 enriched and depleted feeds in total paraffin composition, a row dendrogram with heat map was drawn. The above multivariate methods have led to a fair distinction of nonadditive feed compositions influencing flammability properties by radical formation rate.
Simultaneous separation and determination of three diterpenoids in Euphorbia lathyris L. and its formulations by hydrophobic interaction electrokinetic chromatography
Authors: Hou Meijuan , Zhang Yiqiong , Yu Haixia , Yang Yuhang , Zhang Hongfen , Zhang Guangbin , Chen Anjia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this study, a hydrophobic interaction electrokinetic chromatography method has been developed for simultaneous separation and determination of three diterpenoids in Euphorbia lathyris L.: Euphorbia factors L1, L2, and L3. After optimization of separation conditions, the electrolyte solution was 5.0 mM ammonium acetate buffer containing 30 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate in a 60% v/v methanol (pH 6.86), 25 kV of electric field across the capillary was applied at 25°C, and the detection wavelength was at 280 nm. Under optimum conditions, good linearity was achieved with correlation coefficients from 0.9945 to 0.9995. The limits of detection were 2.5, 7.5, and 5.6 μg/mL, and the limits of quantitation were 8.8, 23.9, and 15.3 μg/mL, respectively. Excellent accuracy and precision were obtained. Recoveries of the analytes varied from 98.5 to 103.8%. The established method was novel, simple, and rapid, and it was validated and confirmed to be applicable for the determination of the active ingredients in a quality control analysis.
Activated CD4+ T Cells and Highly Differentiated Alloreactive CD4+ T Cells Distinguish Operationally Tolerant Liver Transplantation Recipients
Authors: Duizendstra Aafke A. , de Knegt Robert J. , Mancham Shanta , Klepper Mariska , Roelen Dave L. , Brand‐Schaaf Simone H. , Boor Patrick P. , Doukas Michail , de Man Robert A. , Sprengers Dave , Peppelenbosch Maikel P. , Betjes Michiel G. H. , Kwekkeboom Jaap , Litjens Nicolle H. R. 
Published: June 2021

Spontaneous operational tolerance to the allograft develops in a proportion of liver transplantation (LT) recipients weaned off immunosuppressive (IS) drugs. Several studies have investigated whether peripheral blood circulating T cells could play a role in the development or identify operational tolerance, but never characterized alloreactive T cells in detail due to the lack of a marker for these T cells. In this study, we comprehensively investigated phenotypic and functional characteristics of alloreactive circulating T cell subsets in tolerant LT recipients (n = 15) using multiparameter flow cytometry and compared these with LT recipients on IS drugs (n = 23) and healthy individuals (n = 16). Activation‐induced CD137 was used as a marker for alloreactive T cells upon allogenic stimulation. We found that central and effector memory CD4+ T cells were hyporesponsive against donor and third‐party splenocyte stimulation in tolerant LT recipients, whereas an overall hyperresponsiveness was observed in alloreactive terminally differentiated effector memory CD4+ T cells. In addition, elevated percentages of circulating activated T helper cells were observed in these recipients. Lastly, tolerant and control LT recipients did not differ in donor‐specific antibody formation. In conclusion, a combination of circulating hyperresponsive highly differentiated alloreactive CD4+ T cells and circulating activated T helper cells could discriminate tolerant recipients from a larger group of LT recipients.
Solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance of spin‐9/2 nuclei 115In and 209Bi in functional inorganic complex oxides
Authors: Griffith Kent J. , Ding Fenghua , Flynn Steven 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIndium and bismuth are technologically important elements, in particular as oxides for optoelectronic applications. 115In and 209Bi are both I = 9/2 nuclei with high natural abundances and moderately high frequencies but large nuclear electric quadrupole moments. Leveraging the quadrupolar interaction as a measure of local symmetry and polyhedral distortions for these nuclei could provide powerful insights on a range of applied materials. However, the absence of reported nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) parameters on these nuclei, particularly in oxides, hinders their use by the broader materials community. In this contribution, solid‐state 115In and 209Bi NMR of three recently discovered quaternary bismuth or indium oxides are reported, supported by density functional theory calculations, numerical simulations, diffraction and additional multinuclear (27Al, 69,71Ga, and 121Sb) solid‐state NMR measurements. The compounds LiIn2SbO6, BiAlTeO6, and BiGaTeO6 are measured without special equipment at 9.4 T, demonstrating that wideline techniques such as the QCPMG pulse sequence and frequency‐stepped acquisition can enable straightforward extraction of quadrupolar tensor information in I = 9/2 115In and 209Bi even in sites with large quadrupolar coupling constants. Relationships are described between the NMR observables and local site symmetry. These are amongst the first reports of the NMR parameters of 115In, 121Sb, and 209Bi in oxides.
Bayesian inference with subset simulation in varying dimensions applied to the Karhunen–Loève expansion
Authors: Uribe Felipe , Papaioannou Iason , Latz Jonas , Betz Wolfgang , Ullmann Elisabeth , Straub Daniel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUncertainties associated with spatially varying parameters are modeled through random fields discretized into a finite number of random variables. Standard discretization methods, such as the Karhunen–Loève expansion, use series representations for which the truncation order is specified a priori. However, when data is used to update random fields through Bayesian inference, a different truncation order might be necessary to adequately represent the posterior random field. This is an inference problem that not only requires the determination of the often high‐dimensional set of coefficients, but also their dimension. In this article, we develop a sequential algorithm to handle such inference settings and propose a penalizing prior distribution for the dimension parameter. The method is a variable‐dimensional extension of BUS (Bayesian Updating with Structural reliability methods), combined with subset simulation (SuS). The key idea is to replace the standard Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm within SuS by a trans‐dimensional MCMC sampler that is able to populate the discrete‐continuous parameter space. To address this task, we consider two types of MCMC algorithms that operate in a fixed‐dimensional saturated space. The performance of the proposed method with both MCMC variants is assessed numerically for two examples: a 1D cantilever beam with spatially varying flexibility and a 2D groundwater flow problem with uncertain permeability field.
Effect of dispersion and orientation of dispersed phase on mechanical and electrical conductivity
Authors: Mi Dashan , Li Xiaoyue , Zhao Zhongguo , Jia Zhiyong , Zhu Wenli 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMelt mixed polypropylene/polyamide 6 (PA6) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were molded by compression, injection, and interval injection molding. PA phase exists as an isolated dispersed phase in the sea–island system with different phase orientations and dispersion degrees. CNTs prefer to be located in the minor PA phase because of their remarkable compatibility. However, when the content of CNTs is high enough, a conductive path can be formed regardless of the phase morphology. Moreover, when the CNT content is low, the dispersed PA forms an unelongated structure, which is beneficial to electrical conductivity. Although the elongated PA phase holds advantages in terms of its tensile properties, its conductivity network is defective. These results were proposed to uncover the influence of dispersed phase morphology on mechanical and electrical conductivity.
Effect of whole body vibration on clinical and metabolic outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes: an observational pilot trial
Authors: Michels Manuella de L , Spivakoski Camila S , Réus Bruna da S , Alves Débora M dos S , Mattje Priscila ND , Hohl Alexandre , Ronsoni Marcelo F , van de Sande‐Lee Simone 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe objective of this trial was to evaluate the effect of 28Hz whole body vibration on glycaemic control and other metabolic parameters in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Twenty‐four adults with T2D on oral antidiabetic agents, with a baseline glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) 6.5–9.0% (48–75mmol/mol), were randomised into two groups. The control group (CG) was advised to adopt lifestyle modifications, and the intervention group (IG) received the same orientations plus a vibrating platform for daily use for 12 weeks.Data from 22 patients were analysed (one from each group was excluded). Baseline characteristics of both groups were similar except for triglycerides, which were higher in the CG (111.8±39.9 vs 188.9±68.8mg/dL [1.26±0.45 vs 2.13±0.78mmol/L], p<0.05). After 12 weeks, there was a significant reduction in HbA1c in the IG (7.69±0.49 vs 7.17±0.77% [60.5±5.39 vs 54.9±8.74mmol/mol], p<0.05), not observed in the CG (8.05±0.98 vs 7.92±1.07% [64.5±10.78 vs 63.1±11.77mmol/mol], p=0.52). A non‐significant trend for weight loss in IG was observed (78.14±10.47 vs 77.14±11.08kg, p=0.06). There were no significant differences between the groups regarding fasting blood glucose or any other clinical and biochemical variables analysed.Daily use of the vibrating platform for 12 weeks resulted in improved HbA1c in adults with T2D. Further studies are needed to better define the role of whole body vibration as an adjuvant in T2D treatment. Copyright © 2021 John Wiley & Sons.