bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study on Pseudaulacaspis Pentagona Resistance of Four Different Cultivars of Kiwifruit
Authors: Zheng Xianzhe , Li Qiaohong , Zhang Qian , Wu Guanle , Tao Ke , Deng Wei , Zhuang Qiguo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background:Kiwifruit is a common and popular fruit around the world. However, white peach scale (Pseudaulacaspis pentagona) [Targioni-Tozzetti], a scale insect with a wide range of hosts, seriously affects the yield and quality of kiwifruit. To investigate the differences in resistance of different kiwifruit cultivars to Pseudaulacaspis pentagona, cellular structure and gene expression assays were used to explain the mechanism. Results:In this study, based on the stability of the rate of injury fruit, we selected four cultivars from fifty kiwifruits for in-depth study, including “LC-04285”, “CF-3”, “DA-7B” and “Hayward”. By analyzing the differences in the anatomical structure of the canes of these cultivars, we found that the resistant cultivar "LC-04285" had thicker cuticle, denser epidermis and cortex. The real-time quantitative PCR data indicated that the expression levels of genes related to cuticle synthesis and formation of epidermis and cortex are also higher in “LC-04285”. Jasmonic acid (JA) is an important hormone involved in plant defense against many insect pests. In this study, we found that the expression levels of JA receptor COI1 were higher in “LC-04285”. However, the expression levels of AcJAZs, which played negative role in JA signaling, were higher in susceptible cultivar “Hayward”. Besides, the expression levels of AcICS, AcPAL4, AcPAL5, and AcNPRs, which were involved in salicylic acid (SA) synthesis and SA response, were also higher in “LC-04285”. Conclusions:Our results revealed the mechanism of kiwifruit resistance to P. pentagona at the molecular and cellular levels. This study provided useful guidance for breeding insect-resistant kiwifruit in future.
Microvirga Terrestris sp. nov., and Microvirga Arvi sp. nov., Two Novel Species Isolated From Soil in South Korea
Authors: Damdintogtokh Tuvshinzaya , Park Yuna , Maeng Soohyun , Oh Hye Jin , Bang Minji , Bai Jaewoo , Kim Myung Kyum 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Two novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod shaped bacterial strains BT290T and BT689T were isolated from soil collected in South Korea. Colony morphologies of both strains were circular and convex while the colors of BT290T and BT689T were light-pink and white, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that BT290T and BT689T belong to a distinct lineage within the genus Microvirga (family Methylobacteriaceae, order Rhizobiales, class Alphaproteobacteria, phylum Proteobacteria, kingdom Bacteria). The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between two strains was 97.9 %. Both strains had the similar quinone system, with ubiquinone 10 (Q-10) as the major respiratory quinone. The major polar lipids of strains BT290T and BT689T were phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), diphosphatydilglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatydilglycerol (PG). The major cellular fatty acids of strain BT290T were C18:1 ω7c (58.2 %) and C16:0 (17.7 %), while those of strain BT689T were C18:1 ω7c (61.8 %) and C16:0 (10.8 %).On the bases of polyphasic analysis (phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical), strains BT290T and BT689T can be suggested as novel bacterial species within the genus Microvirga and the proposed names are Microvirga terrestris and Microvirga arvi, respectively. The type strain of Microvirga terrestris is BT290T (= KCTC 72367T=NBRC 114844T) and the type strain of Microvirga arvi is BT689T (= KACC 22016T = NBRC 114858T), respectively.
α2-Macroglobulin-Rich Serum As a Master Inhibitor of Inflammatory Factors Attenuates Cartilage Degeneration in a Mini Pig Model of Osteoarthritis Induced By “Idealized” Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Zhao Ruipeng , Wei Xiaochun , Zhang Chengming , Wu Hongru , Xiang Chuan , Li Haoqian , Duan Wangping , Duan Zhiqing , Li Chuanjiang , Zhao Yu , Huang Lingan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: α2-Macroglobulin (α2M) is important for chondral protection in post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). However, its injection into xenogeneic joint cavities has safety hazards, limiting clinical applications. Exploring serum α2M-enriching strategies and the therapeutic effect and mechanism of α2M-rich serum (α2MRS) autologous joint injection to treat PTOA has significant value.Methods: A unique filtration process was used to concentrate α2M from serum. Human osteoarthritic chondrocytes induced with interleukin (IL)-1β were used to evaluate catabolic enzymes, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and gene expression 24h after α2MRS treatment. Eighteen mature female mini pigs were randomized to three groups, sham (n = 6), “idealized” anterior cruciate ligament autograft reconstruction (IACL-R) (n = 6), and IACL-R+α2MRS (n = 6). Expression of inflammatory factors in the synovial fluid (SF) was measured using Luminex assays. Gait features were recorded using the Tekscan Walkway system. The extent of PTOA progression was evaluated using imaging, real-time PCR , and histology 3 months post-surgery.Results: The α2M concentration in α2MRS was higher than that in human and mini pig serum, respectively. In vitro, α2MRS significantly promoted human chondrocyte proliferation (p < 0.001) and reduced apoptosis (p < 0.001) and chondrocyte catabolic cytokine gene transcription (p < 0.001) and secretion (p < 0.001). In vivo, SF concentrations of all tested inflammatory factors were significantly lower in the IACL-R+α2MRS group than in the IACL-R group (p < 0.001). All gait parameters in the IACL-R+α2MRS group returned to normal significantly early compared to those in the IACL-R group (p < 0.05). Imaging , histology, and biochemistry data showed that cartilage degeneration in the IACL-R+α2MRS group was significantly diminished relative to that in the IACL-R group (p < 0.001).Conclusion: Injecting α2MRS into the joint cavity after IACL-R can significantly delay articular cartilage degeneration.
Glycerol Monolaurate Attenuated Immunological Stress and Intestinal Mucosal Injury by Regulating the Gut Microbiota and AMPK/NF-κB/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Lipopolysaccharide-Challenged Broilers
Authors: Kong Linglian , Wang Zhenhua , Xiao Chuanpi , Zhu Qidong , Song Zhigang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

Antibiotic residues and resistance issues have led to the ban on antibiotic growth promoters in the poultry industry. Targeted dietary supplementation such as glycerol monolaurate (GML) has been found to ameliorate the negative effects of restriction on the use of antibiotic growth promoters by modulating the animal immune system and intestinal health. However, the mechanism by which GML contributes to the health and growth of broilers is indistinct. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of GML on immunity, intestinal barrier function, and cecal microbiota profiles in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged broilers.
Results

The results revealed that dietary GML intake augmented serum immunoglobulin A and G levels in LPS-challenged broilers. GML supplementation normalized LPS-induced variations in serum interleukin-6, interferon-γ, and LPS levels; jejunal villus height; and gene expression of interleukin-6, macrophage inflammatory protein-3α, toll-like receptor 4, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), caspase-1, tight junction proteins, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase α1, nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2, and superoxide dismutase-1. GML administration ameliorated LPS-induced peroxidation by reducing malondialdehyde content and increasing antioxidant enzyme activity. Dietary GML intake enhanced the abundances of cecal probiotics such as Blautia, Lactobacillus, and Coprobacter in challenged broilers. The LPS-induced reduction in Anaerostipes, Pseudoflavonifractor, and Gordonibacter abundances in the cecum was inhibited by GML supplementation. Dietary GML intake was positively correlated with alterations in antioxidant enzyme activities and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α1, nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and zonula occludens-1 levels. The genera Anaerostipes, Lachnospira, Gordonibacter, Lachnospira, Marvinbryantia, Peptococcus, and Pseudoflavonifractor were linked to attenuated inflammation and improved immunity and antioxidant capacity of LPS-challenged broilers.
Conclusion

Dietary GML intake alleviated LPS-induced immunological stress and intestinal injury in broilers. This beneficial effect of GML supplementation was attributed to the suppression of inflammation and oxidative stress by regulation of cecal microbiota and the AMPK/NF-κB/Nrf2 signaling pathway in LPS-challenged broilers.
Combined disruption of the thoracic spine and costal arch fracture: An indicator of a severe chest trauma
Authors: Schulz-Drost Stefan , Kloesel Stephan , Kühling Jan Carsten , Ekkernkamp Axel , Bakir M. Sinan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Blunt high-energy trauma increase the risk of associated thoracic and accompanying abdominal organ injuries in chest trauma. A higher overall injury severity has been shown for sternovertebral injuries caused by a flexion-compression mechanism. Literature for a hyperextension-distraction mechanism equivalent to a costal arch fracture combined with a thoracic spinal fracture is sparse. Therefore, we want to show the clinical significance of this entity.
Methods
A retrospective analysis of our level-one trauma center collective of severely injured patients was performed. Patients from 2013 to 2019 that involved an Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥16 were screened for the combined thoracovertebral injury entity and analyzed concerning its accident mechanism, the injury spectrum, and the clinical course.
Results
The thoracovertebral injury entity is rare. Three male patients (50–65 years old) with ISS of 57, 41, and 20 could be observed from over 1000 severely injured. All patients suffered from high-energy trauma and from tearing of the thoracic vertebrae regions 7–9. The costal arch was torn in the anterior area. All cases showed a posterolateral serial rib fracture, a traumatic intercostal pulmonary hernia, and an avulsion of the diaphragm. Two patients sustained further life-threatening injuries, such as severely bleeding avulsion to the azygos vein and a rupture of the spleen. The physicians performed exploratory thoracotomy, closure of the pulmonary hernia, re-fixation of the diaphragm and angle-stable plate osteosynthesis of the fractured ribs, including the costal arch. The spine was fixed dorsally using a screw-rod system. The patients were discharged home with independent mobility and without neurological damage.
Conclusions
This thoracovertebral injury entity is associated with high overall injury severity and life-threatening thoracoabdominal injuries. Injuries to the costal arch can act as an indicator of severe trauma. They should be detected thorough clinical examination and assessment of the trauma CT in the soft tissue window.
Factors associated with normal physical function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis of different ages
Authors: Komiya Yoji , Sugihara Takahiko , Hirano Fumio , Matsumoto Takumi , Kamiya Mari , Sasaki Hirokazu , Hosoya Tadashi , Kimura Naoki , Ishizaki Tatsuro , Mori Masaaki , Tohma Shigeto , Yasuda Shinsuke , Matsui Toshihiro 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

To investigate factors associated with normal physical function of middle-aged (55-64), old (65-74) or very old (75-84) patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
Methods

Data from RA patients in the National Database of Rheumatic Diseases in Japan (NinJa) were extracted from April 2017 to March 2018. Factors associated with impaired physical function (Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index [HAQ-DI] >0.5) were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression. Association of glucocorticoids (GCs) and age with impaired physical function were presented as adjusted odds ratio (OR) for the 5 groups relative to middle-aged patients without GCs as the reference group.
Results

Low disease activity (3.3< simplified disease activity index [SDAI] ≤11) or remission (SDAI ≤3.3) was achieved in 3,466 (31.4%) or 3,021(27.4%) of 11,036 patients aged 55-84, respectively. To reduce the influence of joint destruction on HAQ-DI, we assessed the 3,708 patients in both SDAI ≤11 and Steinbrocker stage I/II. About half of the very old patients were receiving methotrexate, which was the lowest proportion amongst the three age groups. GCs were continued in 32.6% of very old patients, and the proportion was higher than in old and middle-aged patients. On the other hand, 16.2% of the very old patients received biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs), and the proportions were similar among the three groups. SDAI was higher in patients with HAQ-DI >0.5 at all ages, and GCs was used more frequently in the old and very old patients with HAQ-DI >0.5, compared to those with HAQ-DI ≤0.5. To minimize the influence of disease activity on HAQ-DI, we selected the 2078 patients in both remission and stage I/II. Multivariable analysis revealed the use of GCs further increased the adjusted OR from 4.01 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.30-6.99) to 6.81 (95%CI 3.65-12.7) in the very old patients, while the adjusted OR was 2.03 (95%CI 1.17-1.13) in the old patients without GCs, 2.22 (95%CI 1.13-4.36) in the old patients with GCs, and 0.73 (95%CI 0.21-2.56) in the middle-aged patients with GCs.
Conclusions

The negative impact of GCs was likely to most strongly influence physical function of very old patients than middle-aged or old patients.
The Influence of Concrete and Urban Water Quality On The Growth of An Invasive Weed (Salix Spp.) in One of Australia’s Most Endangered Aquatic Environments.
Authors: Purdy Katherine , Reynolds Jason K , Wright Ian Alexander 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Riparian vegetation along urban streams and wetlands is frequently dominated by invasive weeds. Elevated nitrogen and phosphorous in urban waters and soils are well-known to encourage invasive urban weeds, but this research demonstrates that other urban geochemical contaminants may also be influential. Previous studies have demonstrated that the dissolution of urban concrete is a poorly recognised source of modified water and soil geochemistry, which may enhance the growth of some invasive weeds. This study investigated the relationship between urban water quality and the growth of an invasive urban riparian weed, willow (Salix spp.) to examine the contribution of concrete materials. The study used water from a wetland in the Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area. These wetlands have a unique biodiversity but are fragile and susceptible to degradation from human activity. Many are in urban catchments and are frequently dominated by invasive weeds, including Salix spp. In this study, willow cuttings were grown in a laboratory using four water treatments: pristine, urban, and pristine water exposed to two different concrete materials. The urban and concrete water treatments had higher pH, salinity, calcium, potassium, and higher concentration of several metals and were associated with increased growth of Salix spp. We suggest that the modification of urban water and riparian soil chemistry by urban concrete materials may contribute to the success of invasive species in urban wetlands and riparian zones. Some metals (barium, strontium) were present in urban water and in pristine water exposed to concrete and bioaccumulated in plant tissue.
Pediatric Tuina For Functional Constipation In Children: Study Protocol For A Randomized Controlled Trail
Authors: Zhang Xinghe , Hu Luan , Li Li , Wang Yuanwang , Zhang Can , Su Jinyan , Di Hua , Gao Qing , Tai Xiantao , Guo Taipin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Functional constipation (FC) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID), which brings many negative impacts to the children’s daily life. Pediatric Tuina has been proved to be a potential therapy for functional constipation (FC). However, the evidence for its effectiveness and safety is insufficient due to the lack of high-quality study. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pediatric Tuina for children with FC.Methods/design: This study is a randomized, controlled, multicentre, clinical trial. We will include 176 children with FC from five hospitals. The participants will be randomly allocated into two groups: the pediatric Tuina group and the Medilac-Vita group. This study will include a 1-week actual treatment period and a 2-week follow-up period. Primary outcomes are weekly spontaneous bowel movements (SBMs), weekly complete spontaneous bowel movements (CSBMs). The secondary outcomes are effective rate, stool form, distress sensation, and glycerine enema rate. The assessment will be performed each week. Adverse event will be monitored in treatment period and follow-up period.Discussion: This study is designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pediatric Tuina for children with FC, and we hypothesize that pediatric Tuina is more effective than probiotics. It will provide reliable evidence and support for the treatment of FC by pediatric Tuina.Trail registration: This protocol was registered in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100046485).
Cellular and Humoral Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines in Patients Treated with either Ibrutinib or Rituximab
Authors: Bacova Barbora , Kohutova Zuzana , Zubata Ivana , Gaherova Lubica , Kucera Petr , Heizer Tomas , Mikesova Marcela , Novak Jan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Patients treated with B-cell targeting therapies like Rituximab or Ibrutinib have decreased serological response to various vaccines. In this study, we tested serological and cellular response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in 16 patients treated with Ibrutinib, 16 treated with maintenance Rituximab, 18 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) with watch and wait status and 21 healthy volunteers. In comparison to the healthy volunteers, where serological response was achieved by 100% subjects, patients on B-cell-targeting therapy (Ibrutinib and Rituximab) had their response dramatically impaired. The serological response was achieved in 0% of Rituximab treated, 18% of Ibrutinib treated and 50% of untreated CLL patients. Cell-mediated immunity analysed by the whole blood Interferon-γ Release immune Assay developed in 80% of healthy controls, 62% of Rituximab treated, 75% of Ibrutinib treated and 55% of untreated CLL patients. The probability of cell-mediated immune response development negatively correlates with disease burden mainly in CLL patients. Our study shows that even though the serological response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is severely impaired in patients treated with B-cell-targeting therapy, the majority of these patients develop sufficient cell-mediated immunity. The vaccination of these patients therefore might be meaningful in terms of protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Efficient THz Generation by Nonlinear Interaction of Gaussian Laser Beam With the Anharmonic and Rippled CNTs Aligned Vertically in the Array
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Vij Shivani , Kant Niti , Thakur Vishal 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We purpose a theoretical analysis for the generation of efficient terahertz (THz) radiation by using the nonlinear interaction of Gaussian laser beam with vertically aligned anharmonic, and rippled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) array. This array of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VA-CNTs) is embedded on the base of the dielectric surface. The VA-CNTs have been magnetized by applying a static magnetic field mutually perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the Gaussian beam and length of CNTs. The Gaussian laser beam passing through the CNTs exerts a nonlinear ponderomotive force on the electrons of CNTs and provides them resonant nonlinear transverse velocity. This produces the nonlinear current which is further responsible for the generation of THz radiation. The anharmonicity plays a vital role in the efficient generation of THz radiation. The anharmonicity arises due to the nonlinear variation of restoration force on the various electrons of CNTs. This anharmonicity in the electrons of CNTs helps in broadening the resonance peak. We have observed that externally applied static magnetic field 110 kg to 330 kg) also paves the way for the enhancement of the normalized THz amplitude.
Structural Transformation Path Across Countries: Is It Systematic Pattern
Authors: Padder Altaf Hussain , Mathavan B 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The structural transformation across the economic sectors is one of the prominent features that go together with economic development. The paper scrutinizes whether developing and low-income countries follow the similar path and pattern of structural transformation by which the developed countries are following or followed this threshold and are now experiencing a shift from the industrial sector to the service sector. The structural transformation paths of developed countries are almost identical, but the pattern of sectoral output shares varies from that of developing countries. The research reveals a fascinating finding i.e., low-income countries outperform middle-income countries and some major countries in terms of the pace of structural transformation from agriculture to service sector.
DOA Estimation of LFM Signal Based on Krylov Subspace Method
Authors: BAKHSHI hamidreza , Lohrasbipeyde Hannan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Direction of arrival estimation (DOA) of LFM signal is an essential task in radar, sonar, acoustics and biomedical. In this paper, a short time Fourier transform multi-step knowledge aided iterative generalized minimum residual (STFT-MS-KAI-GMRES) approach is presented to amend the angle measurement of this signal. A three stage algorithm is proposed. First, the process is initiated with formulating an estimation algorithm for the carrier frequency and chirp rate, followed by calculation of STFT of the output of array element; this yields a spatial time-frequency distribution (STFD) matrix. Next, the Krylov subspace-based estimation algorithm is formulated in the presence of MS-KAI-ESPRIT algorithm. If the number of antennas increases, the accuracy of the algorithm will increase, but we will incur more communication costs. Results are presented showing attainment of the CRLB by STFT-MS-KAI-GMRES the for an adequately large signal to noise ratio (SNR). An important feature of the method presented in the current study is the low computational complexity that has higher suitability for practical applications.