bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward High‐Performance Semitransparent Organic Photovoltaics with Narrow‐Bandgap Donors and Non‐Fullerene Acceptors
Authors: Cheng Hao‐Wen , Zhao Yepin , Yang Yang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSolar energy offers an alternative solution to the global community's growing energy demands. Semitransparent organic photovoltaics (ST‐OPVs) have received tremendous attention due to their tunable energy levels and rising power conversion efficiency (PCE). Because of its transparency, ST‐OPVs are able to serve as the power‐generating roof of the greenhouse, and color‐tunable walls/windows for modern buildings or façades. With the rapid development of narrow‐bandgap semiconductors to absorb near‐infrared photons, the performances of ST‐OPVs has progressed with PCEs over 12% with average visible transmittances over 20%. Here, recent developments in ST‐OPVs based on narrow‐bandgap donors and non‐fullerene acceptors are reviewed. Several strategies for chemical structures design have been reported to lower bandgaps semiconductor materials. The recent developments of non‐fullerene acceptor structures for ST‐OPVs are categorized into A‐D‐A, A‐π‐D‐π‐A, and A‐DAD‐A by the structure alignment. From device perspectives, the strategies such as ternary blend, distributions of donors and acceptors in active layers, tandem and transparent conductive electrodes for high‐performance ST‐OPVs are summarized. To conclude, some insightful guidelines for future developments in ST‐OPVs from both materials and device points of views are provided.
Highly Efficient Synthesis of Poly(silylether)s: Access to Degradable Polymers from Renewable Resources
Authors: Fouilloux Hugo , Rager Marie‐Noelle , Ríos Pablo , Conejero Salvador , Thomas Christophe M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe design of new materials with tunable properties and intrinsic recyclability, derived from biomass under mild conditions, stands as a gold standard in polymer chemistry. Reported herein are platinum complexes which catalyze the formation of poly(silylether)s (PSEs) at low catalyst loadings. These polymers are directly obtained from dual‐functional biobased building blocks such as 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) or vanillin, coupled with various dihydrosilanes. Access to different types of copolymer architectures (statistical or alternating) is highlighted by several synthetic strategies. The materials obtained were then characterized as lowTgmaterials (ranging from −60 to 29 °C), stable upon heating (T−5%up to 301 °C) and resistant towards uncatalyzed methanolysis. Additionally, quantitative chemical recycling of several PSEs could be triggered by acid‐catalyzed hydrolysis or methanolysis. These results emphasize the interest of biobased poly(silylether)s as sustainable materials with high recycling potential.
Engineering hybrid textile braids for tendon and ligament repair application
Authors: Peixoto Tânia , Carneiro Sofia , Fangueiro Raúl , Guedes Rui M. , Paiva Maria C. , Lopes Maria A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractChallenges involving tendon and ligament repair have motivated the investigation of new strategies to improve clinical outcomes. These have been mainly based on polymer constructs, which may be non‐biodegradable or biodegradable. The former typically fails due to lack of device integration and the latter demands a complex balance between biodegradability and tissue ingrowth, often failing due to insufficient mechanical properties. This work presents the development of hybrid braids based on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polylactic acid (PLA) yarns. A textile technique was used to fabricate braids based on 16 multifilament yarns of varying PLA/PET composition. The composition was varied to maximize biodegradability while ensuring mechanical performance. The braids' morphology, physical and mechanical properties were characterized. As production parameters and architecture were maintained, the braids exhibited similar porosity and wicking ability. The breaking force and stiffness decreased significantly as the number of PLA yarns increased, although strain levels remained constant. Braids containing 10 and 12 PET yarns (out of the total 16 yarns) demonstrated good creep and force‐relaxation behavior, as well as resistance to cyclic loading. These compositions were selected for future work, to be assembled into more elaborate structures to mimic the fibrous organization and tensile properties of different tendons/ligaments.
Characterization of a novel superoxide dismutase in Nilaparvata lugens
Authors: Yamamoto Kohji , Yamaguchi Misuzu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) is a major agricultural pest of rice crops. Analysis of the enzymes produced by N. lugens is important to develop pest‐control methods. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a detoxification enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of superoxide anions (reactive oxygen species) into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. As there have been no reports on SOD in N. lugens, in this study, we characterized a new SOD in the brown planthopper, nlSOD1. Amino acid sequence and phylogenetic analyses revealed that nlSOD1 is a member of the Cu/Zn‐SOD family. Recombinant nlSOD1, when overexpressed in Escherichia coli, catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide radicals into molecular O2 and H2O2. Exposure to various insecticides induced nlSOD1 messenger RNA expression. These results indicate that nlSOD1 may contribute to the insecticide resistance of N. lugens. The findings of this study may assist in the development of novel methods to control the population of N. lugens.
Epitaxial Engineering Strategy to Amplify Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance and Electrocatalytic Activity Enhancement in Layered Bismuth Selenide by Phosphorus Functionalization
Authors: Savariraj Antonysamy Dennyson , Manikandan Ramu , Raj C. Justin , Velayutham Rajavel , Mangalaraja R. V. , Park Jinsoo , Cho Won‐Je , Kim Byung Chul 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBismuth selenide (Bi2Se3) is an orderly layered material with large surface area and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). The electrocatalytic profile of Bi2Se3 has been least explore for energy storage applications since its pristine form is handicapped with limited electrical conductivity. Here we report an epitaxial engineering strategy to manipulate the weak van der Waals forces to expand the interlayer spacing by intercalating phosphorus (P) atom by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The obtained P intercalated Bi2Se3 (P@Bi2Se3) exhibited towering LSPR, increased carrier density bestowing ample active sites, enhanced ion diffusion and plentiful channels for the exodus of electrolyte. The potential of P@Bi2Se3 was examined for energy storage application which exhibited battery like behavior with a specific capacity (Cs) of 194 C g−1 at 3 A g−1 current density against 121 C g−1 by Bi2Se3/NF under identical condition and restored 88 % of its initial specific capacity even after 5000 charge/discharge cycles. The hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) assembled using P@Bi2Se3 and O, N, S@AC as positive and negative electrodes exhibited a considerable specific capacitance, high specific energy (Es) and specific power (Ps) with excellent stability for 10000 charge/discharge cycles. The surface and interfacial engineering strategy proposed here can be extended to tune plasmonic resonance and charge carrier energy density for the successful implementation of Bi2Se3 beyond energy storage applications.
Back‐Integration of Recovered Graphite from Waste‐Batteries as Ultra‐High Capacity and Stable Anode for Potassium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Duc Pham Hong , Padwal Chinmayee , Fernando Joseph F. S. , Wang Tony , Kim TaeYoung , Golberg Dmitri , Dubal Deepak P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe rapid growth of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) in many markets from portable electronics to large scale electric vehicles makes it increasingly urgent to address recycling of strategic materials from used batteries. Herein, we report the excellent electrochemical performance of recycled graphite (REG) from spent LIBs, which was successfully employed as an anode in potassium‐ion batteries (KIBs). The graphite‐anode not only delivers highly reversible capacity of 361.4 mAh g−1 (at 0.1 C) but also demonstrates good long‐term cycling stability. The phase evolution of electrochemically potassium intercalated/deintercalated REG electrodes is elucidated using in‐situ X‐ray diffraction. The well‐preserved structure of the recycled graphite makes it ideal host for reversible intercalation and de‐intercalation of K‐ions. Furthermore, a potassium‐hybrid capacitor was fabricated by coupling the recycled graphite with textile waste‐derived activated carbon as cathode material. The cell demonstrates considerable energy density of 84.5 Wh kg−1 and power density of 400 W kg−1, respectively. Apart from the great electrochemical performances, the low‐cost, abundant, and sustainable recycled graphite in this work will help to address the challenges in Li‐ion battery recycling and show the prospects of next‐generation battery system development.
3DOM Cerium Doped LaCoO3Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Evolution and Reduction Reactions
Authors: Boonlha Sukit , Chakthranont Pongkarn , Kityakarn Sutasinee 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA bifunctional oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reaction (OER/ORR) electrocatalyst, macroporous cerium‐doped LaCoO3, was designed based on a dual strategy that included (1) constructing a three‐dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) structure to increase the electrochemical surface area and (2) varying amount of cerium substitution from 0.02 to 0.15 mole fraction of the A site to alter the intrinsic activity of LaCoO3. The catalytic activity of 3DOM La0.95Ce0.05CoO3(3DOM LCCO‐0.05) is significantly improved over that of the unmodified LaCoO3, with the OER overpotential to reach 10 mA cm−2lowered by 190 mV, the ORR limiting current density doubled, and the OER‐ORR potential gap reduced by 220 mV to 1.07 V. This enhanced activity is attributed to the increased electrochemical surface area and specific activity, as evidenced by the greater double‐layer capacitances and the lower charge transfer resistances determined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Furthermore, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and X‐ray photospectroscopy (XPS) results reveal that these enhanced OER/ORR activities are possibly related to the transformation of the cobalt(III) spin state from low to intermediate or high‐spin, and the increasing amount of surface oxygen species and oxygen vacancies.
Yield and soil responses to adding wheat to a corn–soybean rotation
Authors: Huo Daowen , Frey Timothy , Lindsey Laura E. , Benitez Maria‐Soledad 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFarmers are becoming interested in management practices that mitigate greenhouse gas emissions because of C trading initiatives. For example, farmers may be paid for no‐tillage and use of cover crops, including winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In 2012, a study was initiated at two locations in Ohio comparing corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (CS) and corn–soybean–wheat (CSW) annual rotations under no‐tillage with no wheat straw removal. The objectives were to compare: (a) plant stand and biomass at the early vegetative stage, and grain yield and (b) soil health indicators in the CS and CSW rotations. In 2019, soil organic matter was greater in the CSW rotation than in the CS rotation. Under CSW, soybean yield was significantly greater than in the CS rotation by 21 and 5% in the western location in 2016 and the northwest location in 2018, respectively. In the other six site‐years, soybean yield was not significantly influenced by crop rotation. Corn yield at five of eight site‐years was 17% lower on average in the CSW rotation compared with CS. Corn root and shoot biomass tended to be less in the CSW rotation than in the CS rotation. The negative effects of winter wheat on corn biomass and grain yield were probably a result of the no‐tillage system without wheat straw removal, causing cooler and wetter soil conditions. Before entering into C agreements, farmers should understand the potential yield outcomes of no‐tillage and winter wheat to ensure proper payment.
Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging: A New Tool to See through Nanoscale Particles in Biological Systems
Authors: Jiang Yuming , Sun Jie , Cao Xiaohua , Liu Huihui , Xiong Caiqiao , Nie Zongxiu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the fate of nanoscale particles (NPs) in biological systems is significant with the increasing risk for human exposure. Recent research endeavors in laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (LDI‐MSI) have enriched the toolbox for evaluation of NPs’ behavior in biological tissues, especially in aspects including sub‐organ bio‐distribution, clearance, quantification and surface chemistry variation analysis. In recognition of the potential for advancement in LDI MSI, this concept provides a brief overview of recent research works in LDI MSI for NPs, illustrates new applications that demonstrate the superiority of this technique, and highlights a series of perspectives and directions to move the field forward.
Structural Evolution in P2‐type Layered Oxide Cathode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Zhengbo , Liu Jun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted much attention due to their abundance, easy accessibility, and low cost. P2‐type layered oxide materials, as one of the most potential cathode candidates for SIBs, have been widely studied. However, various kinds of structural evolution during cycling are harmful to the stability. In the present Minireview, the phase transitions occurring in the process of charge/discharge are summarized, and the mechanism of structural rearrangement and phase transition are introduced. This Minireview is aimed at helping researchers understand the detailed structural evolution, and propose strategies of designing the P2‐type layered oxide cathodes with low strain.
Greedy Nominator Heuristic: Virtual function placement on fog resources
Authors: Almurshed Osama , Rana Omer , Chard Kyle 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFog computing is an intermediate infrastructure between edge devices (e.g., Internet of Things) and cloud systems that is used to reduce latency in real‐time applications. An application can be composed of a collection of virtual functions, between which dependency constraints can be captured in a service function chain (SFC). Virtual functions within an SFC can be executed at different geo‐distributed locations. However, virtual functions are prone to failure and often do not complete within a deadline. This results in function reallocation to other nodes within the infrastructure; causing delays, potential data loss during function migration, and increased costs. We proposed Greedy Nominator Heuristic (GNH) to address these issues. GNH is based on redundant deployment and failure tracking of virtual functions. GNH places replicas of each function at multiple locations—taking account of expected completion time, failure risk, and cost. We make use of a MapReduce‐based mechanism, where Mappers find suitable locations in parallel, and a Reducer then ranks these locations. Our results show that GNH reduces latency by up to 68%, and is more cost effective than other approaches which rely on state‐of‐the‐art optimization algorithms to allocate replicas.
Reconfigurable switches for high performance and flexible MPI collectives
Authors: Haghi Pouya , Guo Anqi , Xiong Qingqing , Yang Chen , Geng Tong , Broaddus Justin T. , Marshall Ryan , Schafer Derek , Skjellum Anthony , Herbordt Martin C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThere has been much effort in offloading MPI collective operations into hardware. But while NIC‐based collective acceleration is well‐studied, offloading their processing into the switching fabric, despite numerous advantages, has been much more limited. A major problem with fixed logic implementations is that either only a fraction of the possible collective communication is accelerated or that logic is wasted in the applications that do not need a particular capability. Using reconfigurable logic has numerous advantages: exactly the required operations can be implemented; the level of desired performance can be specified; and new, possibly complex, operations can be defined and implemented. We have designed an in‐switch collective accelerator,MPI‐FPGA, and demonstrated its use with seven MPI collectives and over a set of benchmarks and proxy applications (MiniApps). The accelerator uses a novel two‐level switch design containing fully pipelined vectorized aggregation logic units. Essential to this work is providing support for sub‐communicator collectives that enables communicators of arbitrary shape, and that is scalable to large systems. A streaming interface improves the performance for long messages. While this reconfigurable design is generally applicable, we prototype it with an FPGA‐centric cluster. A sampleMPI‐FPGAdesign in a direct network achieves considerable speedups over conventional clusters in the most likely scenarios. We also present results for indirect networks with reconfigurable high‐radix switches and show that this approach is competitive withSHArPtechnology for the subset of operations thatSHArPsupports.MPI‐FPGAis fully integrated into MPICH and is transparent to MPI applications.
Plant dry weight and nutritive value of genetically diverse germplasm of false Rhodes grass [Leptochloa crinita (Lag.) P.M. Peterson and N.W. Snow], a native forage grass from arid regions of the Americas
Authors: Dominguez Deolindo Luis Esteban , Cavagnaro Juan Bruno , Pérez María Belén , Cavagnaro Pablo Federico 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe native forage, false Rhodes grass [Leptochloa crinita (Lag.) P.M. Peterson and N.W. Snow], represents an important component of the arid and semi‐arid rangelands of the Americas, due to its large area of distribution and its tolerance to drought and cattle grazing. Precise information on nutritive value and the factors that influence this trait is relevant for effective utilization as a forage in arid regions of the world. Here, we characterized dry matter (DM) per plant and nutritive value parameters in leaves, stems, and panicles of 21 genetically diverse L. crinita accessions, in a 2‐yr partially replicated trial. Dry matter, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), ash, fat, phosphorus, and calcium concentrations were determined. Significant (p < .01), substantial variation was found among accessions for DM, CP, NDF, ADF, ash, and fat content. Whole‐plant DM varied ∼three‐fold among the accessions. Variation was also found among the plant parts (p < .001) for all traits, with leaves and panicles having greater CP content than stems, and leaves being the less fibrous organs. In general, the range values found for DM (117–342 g DM plant−1), CP (76–109 g kg−1), NDF (747–839 g kg−1), and ADF (425–479 g kg−1) partially overlapped the range of variation reported for these traits in other forage grasses of arid regions, although some L. crinita accessions had greater CP and DM than most of the compared species; suggesting that L. crinita is an adequate forage grass for cattle grazing.
A cyclic frequency division non‐orthogonal multiple access system
Authors: Sheela N. Sathya , Stuwart S. Lenty 
Published: December 2021

SummaryIn this paper, we have developed a downlink power domain non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system based on cyclic frequency division, where interleaved frequency division multiple access (IFDMA) is cyclically combined with NOMA. The newly developed cyclic frequency division NOMA (CFD‐NOMA) system has the benefit of both NOMA and IFDMA. The concept of superposed multiuser principle for non‐orthogonal resource allocation is used in each NOMA cluster, and the users' data associated with different clusters are separated based on IFDMA. Extreme channel conditions are considered among the users in each cluster. Based on channel gain, the users are differentiated as strong and cell edge users. At the strong user terminal, successive interference cancelation (SIC) is applied to decode the strong user data with the aid of the cell edge user data found from a hard decision, whereas the cell edge user terminal detects its signal only through the hard decision. The near‐far effect of the users present in a cluster, the amount of difference among their channel gain, and transmission power play an important role in detecting the cell edge and the strong users. The CFD‐NOMA system inherits an effective use of multipath channel, thereby reaps an increased cell edge user performance in terms of bit error rate (BER).
Soil nitrogen regulates symbiotic nitrogen fixation in a legume shrub but does not accumulate under it
Authors: Alon Moshe , Dovrat Guy , Masci Tania , Sheffer Efrat 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLegumes in dryland ecosystems face the challenge of maintaining energetically costly symbiosis with N2‐fixing rhizobia, in a water‐ and nutrient‐limited environment. Controlled experiments showed a strong reduction in symbiotic N2fixation in response to elevated levels of nitrogen availability, but this regulation of N2fixation was not found in dryland field settings. Here, we ask whether regulation of N2fixation occurs in the field and what are the possible consequences for dryland soil nitrogen. We measured plant investment in root nodules and rates of bacterial activity, in seedlings and adults of a common N2‐fixing shrub,Calicotome villosa,in five field sites naturally varying in soil nitrogen and phosphorus availabilities. Additionally, we measured nitrogen concentrations and availabilities in the soil underC.villosaand a reference non‐fixing shrub. Biomass investment in root nodules was significantly reduced in response to elevated levels of soil nitrate in adult shrubs, but no such effect was found for seedlings. Soil nitrogen concentration underC.villosashrubs was low compared to the soil under a non‐fixing reference shrub. We provide evidence that symbiotic N2‐fixing plants in drylands tightly regulate their investment in symbiotic N2fixation, therefore controlling nitrogen inputs into the soil. These findings challenge the long‐held notion that the growth of N2‐fixing plants necessarily leads to the accumulation of soil nitrogen in their surroundings over time.
Asymmetrically Difunctionalized 1,1′‐Ferrocenyl Metalloligands and Their Transition Metal Complexes
Authors: Wagner Hanna E. , Frank Nils , Barani Elham , Anson Christopher E. , Bayer Lea , Powell Annie K. , Fink Karin , Breher Frank 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe synthesis and full characterization of novel 1,1′‐difunctionalized ferrocene metalloligands is described. While one cyclopentadienyl ring has been functionalized with 2,2′‐bipyridine for secondary coordination, the second Cp ring has been decorated with different aryl moieties containing electron withdrawing groups such as 4‐(CF3)C6H4 (2A) 3,5‐(CF3)2C6H3 (2B) or 4‐(NO2)C6H4 (2C). The newly developed metalloligands were reacted with [Pd(cod)Cl2] (3A–C), CuCl2 (4A–C) and trans‐[(PPh3)2Ni(Mes)Br] (5A,B) to obtain the corresponding square‐planar and dimeric square‐pyramidal complexes. The electrochemical behaviour of the ligands and complexes was investigated with the aid of cyclic voltammetry and compared with the corresponding monofunctionalized derivatives. The influence of the implemented functional groups on the nickel complexes was then confirmed for the reductive elimination reaction of an aryl ether induced by oxidation of the corresponding methoxides (6A,B,D). The experimental findings are supported by quantum chemical calculations.