bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolated skyrmion, skyrmion lattice and antiskyrmion lattice creation through magnetization reversal in Co/Pd nanostructure
Authors: Kandukuri Sateesh , Murthy V. Satya Narayana , Thiruvikraman P. K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSkyrmion and antiskyrmion spin textures are axisymmetric inhomogeneous localized objects with distinct chirality in magnetic systems. These spin textures are potential candidates for the next generation energy-efficient spintronic applications due to their unique topological properties. Controlled and effective creation of the spin textures is required to use in conventional and neuromorphic computing applications. Here we show by micromagnetic simulations creating an isolated skyrmion, skyrmion lattice and antiskyrmion lattice through the magnetization reversal in Co/Pd multilayer nanostructure using spin-polarized current. The spin textures' stability depends on the spin-polarized current density, current pulse width, and Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI). Antiskyrmions are evolved during the formation of a single skyrmion and skyrmion lattice. Skyrmion and antiskyrmion lattices together are observed for lower pulse width, 0.05 ns. Our micromagnetic studies suggest that the two distinct lattice phases' evolution could help to design the topological spin textures-based devices.
Structure of 3He
Authors: Morley P. D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUsing electron scattering data, the diffraction pattern off $$^{3}$$

3

He shows it to be an equilateral triangle possessing dihedral D$$_{3}$$

3

point group symmetry (PGS). Previous work showed that $$^{4}$$

4

He is a 3-base pyramid with C$$_{3v}$$

3
v

PGS. $$^{6}$$

6

Li is predicted to have C$$_{2v}$$

2
v

PGS. As nuclear $$A \rightarrow $$

A
→

large, atomic nuclei enter into the ‘protein folding problem’ with many possible groundstate PGS competing for lowest energy.
Evaluation of Angelica decursiva reference genes under various stimuli for RT-qPCR data normalization
Authors: He Yuedong , Zhong Yuan , Bao Zhenzhen , Wang Weiqi , Xu Xiaoqing , Gai Yanan , Wu Jie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAngelica decursiva is one of the lending traditional Chinese medicinal plants producing coumarins. Notably, several studies have focused on the biosynthesis and not the RT-qPCR (quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) study of coumarins. This RT-qPCR technique has been extensively used to investigate gene expression levels in plants and the selection of reference genes which plays a crucial role in standardizing the data form the RT-qPCR analysis. In our study, 11 candidate reference genes were selected from the existing transcriptome data of Angelica decursiva. Here, four different types of statistical algorithms (geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and Delta Ct) were used to calculate and evaluate the stability of gene expression under different external treatments. Subsequently, RefFinder analysis was used to determine the geometric average of each candidate gene ranking, and to perform comprehensive index ranking. The obtained results showed that among all the 11 candidate reference genes, SAND family protein (SAND), protein phosphatase 2A gene (PP2A), and polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (PTBP) were the most stable reference genes, where Nuclear cap binding protein 2 (NCBP2), TIP41-like protein (TIP41), and Beta-6-tubulin (TUBA) were the least stable genes. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first to evaluate the stability of reference genes in the Angelica decursiva which has provided an important foundation on the use of RT-qPCR for an accurate and far-reaching gene expression analysis in this medicinal plant.
Patient preferences in retinal drug delivery
Authors: Jacobs Brandon , Palmer Nicholas , Shetty Trupti , Dimaras Helen , Hajrasouliha Amir , Jusufbegovic Denis , Corson Timothy W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRetinal vascular diseases (RVDs) are often treated with intravitreally (IVT) injected drugs, with relatively low patient compliance and potential risks. Ongoing research explores alternative RVD treatments, including eye drops and oral tablets. This study surveyed RVD patients treated with IVT injections to establish factors influencing low compliance rates while gauging treatment delivery method preferences. Demographics, perspectives, and treatment preferences were collected via IRB-approved, self-administered survey sent to Glick Eye Institute patients treated via IVT injections. Demographics, diagnoses, and treatments were ascertained from respondents’ medical records. Gender, age, and number of IVT injections received were used as stratifications. Five-level Likert-style scales and t-tests evaluated responses and stratification comparisons. The most common diagnoses in the respondent population (n = 54; response rate = 5%) were age-related macular degeneration, macular edema, and diabetic retinopathy. Respondents had varying levels of education, income, and age. Most (83%) admitted feeling anxious prior to their first IVT injection, but 80% reported willingness to receive IVT injections indefinitely, with a preference for ophthalmologist visits every 1–3 months. Eye drops would be preferred over IVT injections by 76% of respondents, while 65% preferred oral tablets, due to several perceived negative factors of IVT injections and positive factors for eye drops. Stratified groups did not differ in responses to survey questions. RVD patients will accept IVT injections for vision preservation, but alternative delivery methods like eye drops or oral tablets would be preferred. Thus, development of eye drop and oral therapeutics for RVD treatment is further emphasized by these findings.
A non-field analytical method for heat transfer problems through a moving boundary
Authors: Kulish Vladimir , Horák Vladimír 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper presents an extension of the non-field analytical method—known as the method of Kulish—to solving heat transfer problems in domains with a moving boundary. This is an important type of problems with various applications in different areas of science. Among these are heat transfer due to chemical reactions, ignition and explosions, combustion, and many others. The general form of the non-field solution has been obtained for the case of an arbitrarily moving boundary. After that some particular cases of the solution are considered. Among them are such cases as the boundary speed changing linearly, parabolically, exponentially, and polynomially. Whenever possible, the solutions thus obtained have been compared with known solutions. The final part of the paper is devoted to determination of the front propagation law in Stefan-type problems at large times. Asymptotic solutions have been found for several important cases of the front propagation.
Functionnectome as a framework to analyse the contribution of brain circuits to fMRI
Authors: Nozais Victor , Forkel Stephanie J. , Foulon Chris , Petit Laurent , Thiebaut de Schotten Michel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn recent years, the field of functional neuroimaging has moved away from a pure localisationist approach of isolated functional brain regions to a more integrated view of these regions within functional networks. However, the methods used to investigate functional networks rely on local signals in grey matter and are limited in identifying anatomical circuitries supporting the interaction between brain regions. Mapping the brain circuits mediating the functional signal between brain regions would propel our understanding of the brain’s functional signatures and dysfunctions. We developed a method to unravel the relationship between brain circuits and functions: The Functionnectome. The Functionnectome combines the functional signal from fMRI with white matter circuits’ anatomy to unlock and chart the first maps of functional white matter. To showcase this method’s versatility, we provide the first functional white matter maps revealing the joint contribution of connected areas to motor, working memory, and language functions. The Functionnectome comes with an open-source companion software and opens new avenues into studying functional networks by applying the method to already existing datasets and beyond task fMRI.
A role for GABA in the modulation of striatal and hippocampal systems under stress
Authors: Dolfen Nina , Veldman Menno P. , Gann Mareike A. , von Leupoldt Andreas , Puts Nicolaas A. J. , Edden Richard A. E. , Mikkelsen Mark , Swinnen Stephan , Schwabe Lars , Albouy Geneviève , King Bradley R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPrevious research has demonstrated that stress modulates the competitive interaction between the hippocampus and striatum, two structures known to be critically involved in motor sequence learning. These earlier investigations, however, have largely focused on blood oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) responses. No study to date has examined the link between stress, motor learning and levels of striatal and hippocampal gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). This knowledge gap is surprising given the known role of GABA in neuroplasticity subserving learning and memory. The current study thus examined: a) the effects of motor learning and stress on striatal and hippocampal GABA levels; and b) how learning- and stress-induced changes in GABA relate to the neural correlates of learning. To do so, fifty-three healthy young adults were exposed to a stressful or non-stressful control intervention before motor sequence learning. Striatal and hippocampal GABA levels were assessed at baseline and post-intervention/learning using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Regression analyses indicated that stress modulated the link between striatal GABA levels and functional plasticity in both the hippocampus and striatum during learning as measured with fMRI. This study provides evidence for a role of GABA in the stress-induced modulation of striatal and hippocampal systems.
Real-time synthesis of imagined speech processes from minimally invasive recordings of neural activity
Authors: Angrick Miguel , Ottenhoff Maarten C. , Diener Lorenz , Ivucic Darius , Ivucic Gabriel , Goulis Sophocles , Saal Jeremy , Colon Albert J. , Wagner Louis , Krusienski Dean J. , Kubben Pieter L. , Schultz Tanja , Herff Christian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSpeech neuroprosthetics aim to provide a natural communication channel to individuals who are unable to speak due to physical or neurological impairments. Real-time synthesis of acoustic speech directly from measured neural activity could enable natural conversations and notably improve quality of life, particularly for individuals who have severely limited means of communication. Recent advances in decoding approaches have led to high quality reconstructions of acoustic speech from invasively measured neural activity. However, most prior research utilizes data collected during open-loop experiments of articulated speech, which might not directly translate to imagined speech processes. Here, we present an approach that synthesizes audible speech in real-time for both imagined and whispered speech conditions. Using a participant implanted with stereotactic depth electrodes, we were able to reliably generate audible speech in real-time. The decoding models rely predominately on frontal activity suggesting that speech processes have similar representations when vocalized, whispered, or imagined. While reconstructed audio is not yet intelligible, our real-time synthesis approach represents an essential step towards investigating how patients will learn to operate a closed-loop speech neuroprosthesis based on imagined speech.
Hypoxia inducible factor signaling in breast tumors controls spontaneous tumor dissemination in a site-specific manner
Authors: Todd Vera M. , Vecchi Lawrence A. , Clements Miranda E. , Snow Katherine P. , Ontko Cayla D. , Himmel Lauren , Pinelli Christopher , Rafat Marjan , Johnson Rachelle W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHypoxia is a common feature in tumors and induces signaling that promotes tumor cell survival, invasion, and metastasis, but the impact of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) signaling in the primary tumor on dissemination to bone in particular remains unclear. To better understand the contributions of hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α), HIF2α, and general HIF pathway activation in metastasis, we employ a PyMT-driven spontaneous murine mammary carcinoma model with mammary specific deletion of Hif1α, Hif2α, or von Hippel-Lindau factor (Vhl) using the Cre-lox system. Here we show that Hif1α or Hif2α deletion in the primary tumor decreases metastatic tumor burden in the bone marrow, while Vhl deletion increases bone tumor burden, as hypothesized. Unexpectedly, Hif1α deletion increases metastatic tumor burden in the lung, while deletion of Hif2α or Vhl does not affect pulmonary metastasis. Mice with Hif1α deleted tumors also exhibit reduced bone volume as measured by micro computed tomography, suggesting that disruption of the osteogenic niche may be involved in the preference for lung dissemination observed in this group. Thus, we reveal that HIF signaling in breast tumors controls tumor dissemination in a site-specific manner.
Dielectric switching, SHG response and Pd(ii) adsorption of a multifunctional phase-transition complex
Authors: Wang Yu-Zhen , Shi Ping-Ping , Xu Ke , He Lei , Meng Xin , Ye Qiong 
Published: September 2021

One-dimensional coordination polymer [(C2H4OH)C4H9NS]CdCl3 has the performance of dielectric switching and SHG response. And the compound can adsorb precious Pd(ii) and the adsorption could be monitored by dielectric anomaly and SHG signal.
Asteroseismogyrometry of low-mass red giants
Authors: Pijpers F. P. , Di Mauro M. P. , Ventura R. 
Published: September 2021

Context. During the past 10 years, the unprecedented quality and frequency resolution of asteroseismic data provided by space photometry have revolutionised the study of red-giant stars providing us with the possibility to probe the interior of thousands of these targets.
Aims. Our aim is to present an asteroseismic tool which allows one to determine the total angular momentum of stars, without an a priori inference of their internal rotational profile.
Methods. We adopted the asteroseismic inversion technique developed for the case of the Sun and adapted it to red giants. The method was tested assuming different artificial sets of data, also including modes with harmonic degree l ≥ 2.
Results. We estimate with an accuracy of 14.5% the total angular momentum of the red-giant star KIC 4448777 observed by Kepler during the first four consecutive years of operation.
Conclusions. Our results indicate that the measurement of the total angular momentum of red-giant stars can be determined with a fairly high precision by means of asteroseismology by using a small set of rotational splittings of only dipolar modes; they also show that our method, based on observations of stellar pulsations, provides a powerful mean for testing and modelling the transport of angular momentum in stars.
Orthorexia nervosa – Zeiterscheinung oder Krankheitsbild?
Authors: Dommermuth Yvonne , Hermann Rita 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungViele Menschen möchten sich ausgewogen und gesund ernähren. Wird dies zu einer Obsession und kommt es zu einer besonders intensiven, zwanghaften und mit Angst belegten Auseinandersetzung mit diesem Thema, sprechen Experten von einer Orthorexia nervosa. Derzeit herrscht noch viel Unklarheit über dieses krankhafte Essverhalten; dieses ist daher Gegenstand zahlreicher wissenschaftlicher Untersuchungen.
Reisediarrhö
Authors: Sasse Melanie , Reinhardt Fabian , Lübbert Christoph 
Published: September 2021

Was ist neu?
Erregerspektrum, Verlauf, Therapieoptionen Prinzipiell können Bakterien, Viren oder Parasiten eine Reisediarrhö verursachen. Im Vordergrund steht die symptomatische Behandlung der Reisediarrhö. Krankheitsbild und Erregerart beeinflussen das weitere Vorgehen.
Diagnostik Eine spezifische Erregerdiagnostik ist bei unkomplizierten Durchfällen mit häufiger Selbstlimitierung meist nicht erforderlich. Kommt es zu prolongierten und blutigen Durchfällen, Fieber oder Exsikkose, ist eine spezielle Diagnostik indiziert.
Präventionsmaßnahmen und reisemedizinische Beratung Umfassend und qualifiziert sollte sie vor jeder größeren Fernreise stattfinden und Präventionsmaßnahmen, Malaria-Chemoprophylaxe, Impfungen, Möglichkeiten der Selbsttherapie und Verhalten bei reiseassoziierten Erkrankungen beinhalten.
Therapiestrategien Sie umfassen den Flüssigkeits- und Elektrolytausgleich, die Gabe von Antidiarrhoika und die antimikrobielle Therapie.
The Musculoskeletal Disorders, Pain Characteristics, and Activity
Levels of Caregivers During the Rehabilitation Process and the Consequences on
Sleep Condition, Health Status, and Quality of Life
Authors: Şan Ayça Uran , Çakiryilmaz Ahmet Onur , Köylü Sinem Uyar , Atan Tuğba , Kesikburun Serdar , Güzelküçük Ümüt , Tan Arif Kenan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective Taking care of a patient
can significantly impact both physical and psychological statuses of caregivers.
This study aimed to examine musculoskeletal problems, health status, and quality of
life of caregivers. This study is novel in determining musculoskeletal disorders,
pain characteristics, activity levels, sleep condition, general and psychological
health statuses, and quality of life of caregivers.
Design A cross-sectional study
Patients and Methods A total of 240 participants were enrolled in this
prospective and cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary rehabilitation center
(patients, n = 120; caregivers, n = 120). The demographic and
clinical characteristics of the participants were recorded during the evaluation
process. The Functional Ambulation Classification Scale (FAS) and Barthel Scale
scores of the patients were determined. The pain level of the caregivers was
evaluated according to the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The International Physical
Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)–short form was used to evaluate
caregivers’ activity levels. The quality of life of caregivers was evaluated
with the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Scales score
(WHOQOL-BREF). The anxiety and depression status of the caregivers were interpreted
using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, The health level of the caregivers
was evaluated using the Health Assessment Questionnaire.
Results A
statistically significant positive correlation was found between the duration of
caregiving (hours per week) and the pain duration of the caregiver (month) (P
= 0.000, r = 0.766). the caregivers who provided longer-term care
for their patients (hours per week) had higher VAS scores (P = 0.000, r
= 0.944). A significant reverse correlation was found between the duration
of caregiving (hours per week) and IPAQ-Walking MET (metabolic equivalent) scores
(minutes/week) (P = 0.000, r = –0.811). On the
contrary, a positive significant association was detected between the duration of
caregiving (hours per week) and IPAQ-Vigorous MET scores (minutes/week) due
to the caregiving activities of the patients such as lifting, positioning, and so
forth. Also, a significant positive correlation was observed between the duration of
caregiving (hours per week) and Hospital Depression Scale scores (P = 0.000,
r = 0.394), Hospital Anxiety Scale scores (P = 0.000, r =
0.548), and Health Assessment Questionnaire scores (P = 0.000, r =
0.415).
Conclusion Providing protective exercise programs, including walking
activity, to caregivers and organizing education programs that include caregiving
techniques can positively affect the quality of life of caregivers.
Enantioselective Synthesis of the Sex Pheromone of Lichen Moth, Miltochrista calamine, and Its Diastereomer
Authors: Zhong Jiangchun , Yuan Gucheng , Liu Jiawei , Yu Shihang , Wang Xueyang , Bian Qinghua , Wang Min 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe synthesis of a Miltochrista calamine sex pheromone and its diastereomer has been developed. The key steps of the synthetic approach involved Evans’ chiral auxiliaries and the addition of alkyne to aldehyde, which were firstly applied to prepare this sex pheromone and its diastereomer. The synthetic sex pheromone could be used to trap insects and study physiological and ecological questions of the lichen moth.
7,10-Dibromo-2,3-dicyanopyrazinophenanthrene Aggregates as a Photosensitizer for Nickel-Catalyzed Aryl Esterification
Authors: Yu Xiaoqiang , He Min , Yang Shilei , Bao Ming 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSelf-assembled aggregates of 7,10-dibromo-2,3-dicyanopyrazinophenanthrene which act as a new organophotocatalyst in combination with Ni catalyst for the Caryl–Oacyl cross-coupling reactions of carboxylic acids with aryl halides are described. This visible-light-induced Caryl–Oacyl bond-formation reaction proceeds smoothly to afford aryl esters with satisfactory to excellent yields.
Role of Serum and Urinary Hepcidin in Young Females of Reproductive Age in North India
Authors: Laller Shaveta , Patel Seema , Haldar Deepa 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction Iron deficiency is one of the most common nutritional disorders in the world affecting young females of the reproductive age group. Indeed, an ideal screening test should be capable of identifying iron deficiency long before developing anemia. Henceforth, the present study was aimed to determine utility of hepcidin in iron deficiency and to see its correlation with different iron indices.
Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, SGT Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Budhera, Gurugram, Haryana, India. It included 200 nonpregnant female students aged between 18 and 25 years. Estimation of hepcidin was by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Quantitative estimation of serum iron, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and transferrin saturation was done via semi-autoanalyzer. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS v22.
Results The reference range of urinary hepcidin established in this study was 110 to 969 ng/mg creatinine (mean ± standard deviation 328.3 ± 195.07 ng/mg creatinine). Serum hepcidin and urinary hepcidin had a significant correlation with iron indices. Area under the curve of urinary hepcidin was obtained with best combination of diagnostic sensitivity (82.6%) and specificity (83.1%) at a cutoff value of > 15.7 ng/mL and ≤ 199 ng/mg, respectively.
Conclusion Since ferritin, TIBC, transferrin saturation, and hepcidin each represent different aspects of iron metabolism, incorporating hepcidin in the present diagnostics and combined evaluation of these indices may accord enhanced clinical information. Hepcidin would help to stratify the vulnerable young healthy female population in early stages of iron deficiency and guide proper interventions to reduce morbidity.