bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective Advocacy
Authors: Haddad Mary Alice 
Published: March 2021

An examination of successful environmental advocacy strategies in East Asia that shows how advocacy can be effective under difficult conditions.
The countries of East Asia—China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan—are home to some of the most active and effective environmental advocates in the world. And the governments of these countries have adopted a range of innovative policies to fight pollution and climate change: Japan leads the world in emissions standards, China has become the world's largest producer of photovoltaic panels, and Taiwan and South Korea have undertaken major green initiatives. In this book, Mary Alice Haddad examines the advocacy strategies that persuaded citizens, governments, and businesses of these countries to change their behavior.
How did environmental activists succeed in countries that favor business interests and are generally hostile to citizen-based advocacy? Haddad identifies and describes, with examples, five of the most effective advocacy strategies used by environmentalists in East Asia: cultivate policy access, make it work locally, make it work for business, engage the heart, and think outside the box. Drawing on both qualitative and quantitative data, she develops the Connected Stakeholder Model to show how advocates work through personal and professional networks to influence people in power. Stakeholders involved in policymaking are connected to diverse and multiple networks, which help them to develop complex ideas about the policies they develop. East Asia's effective advocacy strategies, as well as Haddad's theoretical framework, offer valuable lessons for activists, policy makers, and researchers.
The open access edition of this book was made possible by generous funding from Arcadia – a charitable fund of Lisbet Rausing and Peter Baldwin.
A systematic review of security and privacy issues in the internet of medical things; the role of machine learning approaches
Authors: Hameed Shilan S. , Hassan Wan Haslina , Abdul Latiff Liza , Ghabban Fahad 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundThe Internet of Medical Things (IoMTs) is gradually replacing the traditional healthcare system. However, little attention has been paid to their security requirements in the development of the IoMT devices and systems. One of the main reasons can be the difficulty of tuning conventional security solutions to the IoMT system. Machine Learning (ML) has been successfully employed in the attack detection and mitigation process. Advanced ML technique can also be a promising approach to address the existing and anticipated IoMT security and privacy issues. However, because of the existing challenges of IoMT system, it is imperative to know how these techniques can be effectively utilized to meet the security and privacy requirements without affecting the IoMT systems quality, services, and device’s lifespan.MethodologyThis article is devoted to perform a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) on the security and privacy issues of IoMT and their solutions by ML techniques. The recent research papers disseminated between 2010 and 2020 are selected from multiple databases and a standardized SLR method is conducted. A total of 153 papers were reviewed and a critical analysis was conducted on the selected papers. Furthermore, this review study attempts to highlight the limitation of the current methods and aims to find possible solutions to them. Thus, a detailed analysis was carried out on the selected papers through focusing on their methods, advantages, limitations, the utilized tools, and data.ResultsIt was observed that ML techniques have been significantly deployed for device and network layer security. Most of the current studies improved traditional metrics while ignored performance complexity metrics in their evaluations. Their studies environments and utilized data barely represent IoMT system. Therefore, conventional ML techniques may fail if metrics such as resource complexity and power usage are not considered.
Differences between adjusted vs. non-adjusted loads in velocity-based training: consequences for strength training control and programming
Authors: Jiménez-Reyes Pedro , Castaño-Zambudio Adrian , Cuadrado-Peñafiel Víctor , González-Hernández Jorge M. , Capelo-Ramírez Fernando , Martínez-Aranda Luis M. , González-Badillo Juan J. 
Published: March 2021

Strength and conditioning specialists commonly deal with the quantification and selection the setting of protocols regarding resistance training intensities. Although the one repetition maximum (1RM) method has been widely used to prescribe exercise intensity, the velocity-based training (VBT) method may enable a more optimal tool for better monitoring and planning of resistance training (RT) programs. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two RT programs only differing in the training load prescription strategy (adjusting or not daily via VBT) with loads from 50 to 80% 1RM on 1RM, countermovement (CMJ) and sprint. Twenty-four male students with previous experience in RT were randomly assigned to two groups: adjusted loads (AL) (n = 13) and non-adjusted loads (NAL) (n = 11) and carried out an 8-week (16 sessions) RT program. The performance assessment pre- and post-training program included estimated 1RM and full load-velocity profile in the squat exercise; countermovement jump (CMJ); and 20-m sprint (T20). Relative intensity (RI) and mean propulsive velocity attained during each training session (Vsession) was monitored. Subjects in the NAL group trained at a significantly faster Vsession than those in AL (p < 0.001) (0.88–0.91 vs. 0.67–0.68 m/s, with a ∼15% RM gap between groups for the last sessions), and did not achieve the maximum programmed intensity (80% RM). Significant differences were detected in sessions 3–4, showing differences between programmed and performed Vsession and lower RI and velocity loss (VL) for the NAL compared to the AL group (p < 0.05). Although both groups improved 1RM, CMJ and T20, NAL experienced greater and significant changes than AL (28.90 vs.12.70%, 16.10 vs. 7.90% and −1.99 vs. −0.95%, respectively). Load adjustment based on movement velocity is a useful way to control for highly individualised responses to training and improve the implementation of RT programs.
Constructivism Learning Approaches: Assessment of Student’s Participation and Approaches to Teaching of Mathematics in Selected Colleges of Education in Ghana
Authors: Adobah Emmanuel , Yarkwah Christopher , Anayitime Peter 
Published: March 2021

The study focused on use of Constructivism learning approaches to assess formative assessment practices of Mathematics tutors in selected Colleges of Education in Ashanti and Bono Region in Ghana. The study adopted Convergent Parallel research design to guide the study. A sample of 56 Mathematics tutors was sampled through census study. Questionnaire, interview guide and observation checklist were used to collect data from the participants. The study revealed that tutors ensured students participation in the lesson by students asking questions for clarification, writing notes for future reference, taking part in class exercises and participation in group work. It was concluded that the study has brought to the light that tutors ensured students participation in mathematics class using different methods or approaches. This may due to tutors attend professional development to improve their teaching strategies as well as mathematics is concerned.
Evaluation of Onion Value Chain Actors in Kebbi State, Nigeria: A Case Study of Producers and Retailers
Authors: Kaka Yahaya , Gindi Abdullahi Auwal , Magaji Umar 
Published: March 2021

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the major cash crops grown mostly in northern Nigeria, nevertheless with perpetual scarcity at off season due to its perishability as actors lacked adequate storability thus, sells at low price to avoid spoilage at hand. The study seeks to evaluate onion value chain actors (producers and retailers) in Kebbi State, Nigeria. Purposive, simple random and convenience sampling procedures were used in selecting 210 onion producers and 40 retailers using structured questionnaire. The data collected was analyzed using SPSS software and marketing margin model. The result of the study revealed that the mean output of onion per hectare was 71.58 bags with an average price of ₦15597.05. The total gross marketing margin of 14.38% out of 19.12% constitutes the total marketing costs with net marketing margin of 4.77%. Producers’ and retailers’ marketing profit share was ₦9331.61 and ₦2324.33 per bag respectively. Production and marketing constraints identified were; high cost of inputs, pest and disease attack, poor storage facilities and poor pricing. In conclusion, redress of constraints may enhance marketing margin of the actors. The study recommends for government/nongovernmental sustainable financial, technical and educational interventions for the value chain improvement in the study area.
Serum CA 125 and first trimester abortion
Authors: Scarpellini F. , Mastrone M. , Sbracia M. , Scarpellini L. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: The study was carried out to assess the clinical value of serum CA 125 in association with serum β‐human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for predicting pregnancy outcome. Methods: One hundred spontaneous pregnancies, 52 non‐threatened pregnancies and 48 with threatened abortions, observed in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University ‘La Sapienza’, Rome, Italy, were evaluated during the first trimester using ultrasound examination, CA 125 and β‐hCG titrations. Results: Threatened pregnancies had statistically significantly higher CA 125 serum values than non‐threatened pregnancies, especially those with a negative outcome (P < 0.01). The CA 125 levels in the threatened pregnancies were positively correlated with the tropho‐decidual hematoma volume (r = 0.839, P < 0.0001). The CA 125‐β‐hCG association showed a higher prognostic value (sensitivity 78.9%, specificity 96.5%) in assessing pregnancy outcome than CA 125 or β‐hCG alone (sensitivity 78.9% and 57.9%, respectively; specificity 75.8% and 86.2%, respectively). Conclusions: Our findings are in accordance with the hypothesis of a tropho‐decidual origin of this marker, suggesting its possible usefulness in the prognostic evaluation of first trimester threatened abortion.
Surgical treatment alternatives in stress incontinence
Authors: Güner H. , Ahmed S. , Nas T. , Yildirim M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjectives: This study was performed to evaluate the different surgical treatment alternatives for urinary stress incontinence and their clinical results. Methods: Of the patients who visited our clinic between January 1989 and June 1994 complaining of urinary stress incontinence, 408 were found to have genuine stress incontinence (GSI) after undergoing clinical and laboratory investigations. These 408 patients were treated with different surgical techniques. Their postoperative results are discussed. Results: After postoperative follow‐up, the success rates of the different surgical techniques were as follows; anterior colporrhaphy (Kelly plication) 66.2%, Marshall‐Marchetti‐Krantz 88.7%, Burch procedure 94.1%, and sling urethropexy 97.5%. Conclusions: Patients with a clear‐cut diagnosis of GSI must be surgically treated. There are several different techniques, all of which have advantages and disadvantages. If the right technique is used for the right patient then the success rate is high.
Variability of peripartum vaginal group B streptococcal colonization
Authors: Itakura A. , Kurauchi O. , Morikawa S. , Matsuzawa K. , Mizutani S. , Tomoda Y. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjectives: Our purpose was to examine the change in peripartum vaginal group B streptococcal concentration. Methods: From 1989 to 1993, 251 pregnant women who delivered over 48 h after admission were included in this study. Group B streptococcal quantitative culture of vaginal specimens was performed within 24 h before delivery and on the previous day, and the GBS concentrations compared. Results: A statistical difference between positive rates for group B Streptococcus on the delivery day and that on the previous day was found (14 vs. 22%). In 20/58 (34%) of the cases between the two time points the vaginal group B streptococcal colonization increased. Conclusions: This study suggests the existence of major variation in peripartum vaginal group B streptococcal concentrations. We conclude that the rate and the concentration of perinatal vaginal group B streptococcal colonization even one day before delivery cannot be used to predict that at delivery.
Agreement on diagnoses of mental disorder in the primary health care of Turku, Finland
Authors: Lehtinen V , Joukamaa M , Karlsson H , Rouhe E 
Published: July 2002

SummaryPrimary health care is in the central position in the general sphere of mental health services. This article deals with, as a part of a joint Nordic project, the occurrence of mental disorders of patients in primary health care as based on the material (n= 1,000) collected in the health centre of Turku. The relation of the occurrence of mental disorders as diagnosed by means of a standardized psychiatric interview method (PSE) to the disorders, recognized by general practitioners (GPs) working in the health centre is also observed. It was found that one fourth of the patients had a clear mental disorder that required treatment, while studies in the general population, using the same method, reveal only 10% as having some kind of mental disorder. Three quarters of the evident mental disorders recognized by GPs were diagnosed as such also by the PSE, but the GPs were capable of recognizing only 43% of the cases identified by the PSE. On the basis of these results, the importance of the mental health issue in the basic and postgraduate training of the general practitioners must be emphasized.
Dysthymia as a temperamental variant of affective disorder
Authors: Akiskal HS 
Published: July 2002

SummaryDysthymia is estimated to afflict at least 3% of the population worldwide. Because it is a chronic disorder, its prevalence is high in psychiatric and general medical settings. The mystery of this incapacitating depressive subtype — long recognized but only recently sanctioned in the DSM-IV and ICD-10 — is that, in their habitual condition, those suffering from dysthymia lack the classical ‘objective’ or ‘major’ signs of acute clinical depression, such as profound changes in psychomotor and vegetative functions. Instead, patients consult their doctors for more fluctuating complaints consisting of gloominess, lethargy, self-doubt, malaise, and lack of joie de vivre. They typically work hard, but do not enjoy their work. If married, they are deadlocked in bitter and unhappy marriages which lead neither to reconciliation nor separation. For them, their entire existence is a burden: they are satisfied with nothing, complain of everything, and brood about the uselessness of existence. As a result, in the past they were labeled ‘existential depressives’ or ‘depressive characters’ and condemned to the couch, often on a chronic basis. Several lines of research over the past fifteen years have shed new light on the biological origins of this disorder. Sleep neurophysiologic findings have shown that many parameters of paradoxical sleep in dysthymia (such as REM percentage, REM latency, and circadian distribution of REM) are similar to those observed in major affective illness. Furthermore, family studies of dysthymia have demonstrated a significant excess of mood disorders. Indeed, dysthymia has been identified in childhood, and prospective follow-up has demonstrated major affective breakdowns including bipolar switches in up to 20%. Coupled with sleep findings, these family and follow-up data suggest that dysthymia is best considered as ‘trait depression’, a constitutional variant of major affective illness. As expected from the early onset chronic nature of the disturbance, in both clinical and epidemiological studies, the social and health burden of dysthymia has been found to be considerable and comparable to that of major medical disorders. The foregoing clinical and biological data have provided the impetus for well-designed pharmacological trials in dysthymia, and a new therapeutic optimism.
The effectiveness of preabortion contraception counseling
Authors: Ortayli N , Bulut A , Nalbant H 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: To demonstrate the impact of preabortion counseling followed by immediate postabortal provision of the chosen method on postabortion contraceptive use. Methods: Three hundred and forty‐two women undergoing voluntary termination of pregnancy at less than 10 weeks gestation were enrolled at the Woman and Child Health Training and Research Clinic, Medical School of Istanbul. Clinic visits and telephone surveys were performed to measure contraceptive use at 6 months following abortion. Result: Two hundred and thirty‐six women either visited the clinic or responded to the telephone survey. Eighty percent of the respondents reported use of a modern contraceptive as compared to less than 40% prevalence found in the national survey. Conclusion: Preabortion counseling combined with immediate postabortal provision of contraceptives may significantly increase contraceptive use at 6 months postprocedure.
A study of intravaginal misoprostol for induction of labor in toxemia of pregnancy
Authors: Sahin H.G. , Sahin H.A. , Surucu R. , Guvercinci M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: To compare the efficacy and complications of intravaginal misoprostol for induction of labor in patients with and without toxemia of pregnancy. Methods: Forty‐two patients with toxemia of pregnancy (group 1) and 59 women at term without toxemia (group 2) with Bishop scores of ≤6 were treated with 50 μg intravaginal misoprostol given four times at 4‐h intervals. Labor and neonatal outcomes, and any complications, were recorded. Mann–Whitney U‐, Student's t‐ and χ2‐tests were used for statistical analyses. P≤0.05 was considered significant. Results: The rates of vaginal delivery were 73.8% and 84.6%, oxytocin augmentation were 4.8% and 5.1% and the mean insertion to delivery times were 12.5 and 13.8 h in group 1 and 2, respectively, with no significant differences between the groups. Neonatal outcomes, rates of uterine contraction abnormalities and gastrointestinal symptoms were similar in both groups. Conclusions: Intravaginal misoprostol is an equally effective and safe method of induction of labor in patients with toxemia of pregnancy and in normal pregnant women.
FIGO society survey: acceptance and use of new ethical guidelines regarding induced abortion for non‐medical reasons
Authors: McKay H.E , Rogo K.O , Dixon D.B 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: FIGO's Ethical guidelines regarding induced abortion for non‐medical reasons offer guidance concerning women's right to safe abortion services and the medical community's attendant responsibilities. Ipas surveyed FIGO constituent societies to determine their agreement with the Guidelines’ recommendations and their readiness to use them to improve and expand services. Method: Ten months after the Guidelines publication in IJGO, a ten‐item questionnaire was mailed to 283 Officers of the 101 FIGO societies, with follow‐up prompts to non‐respondents. Results: Officers of 59 societies responded, divided evenly between those in countries whose laws permit induced abortion on non‐medical grounds and those in countries prohibiting it. In ‘permitting’ countries all responding societies supported the recommendations, and 85% said they should adopt them or had already done so. Two‐thirds in ‘prohibiting’ countries supported the recommendations, but less than half believed their FIGO society, or their government, should adopt them. However, 20% in the ‘prohibiting’ countries had adopted or formally considered the recommendations and 23% had already brought them to the attention of their governments. Conclusion: The FIGO constituent societies showed overall strong support for the recommendations, but efforts need to be made to encourage those in ‘prohibiting’ countries to promote implementation of the recommendations.
Laparoscopic total abdominal hysterectomy by suturing technique, with no transvaginal surgical approach: a review of 276 cases
Authors: Ostrzenski A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: To determine the effectiveness and safety of the new technique of laparoscopic total abdominal hysterectomy with prophylactic retroperitoneal rectovaginal‐pouch of Douglas reconstruction and vaginal vault re‐suspension by suturing method, with no transvaginal surgical approach. Methods: The clinical prospective study included 276 women, and was conducted from July 1990 through December 1995. All women were subjected to a laparoscopic total abdominal hysterectomy with prophylactic retroperitoneal rectovaginal and pouch of Douglas reconstruction and vaginal vault suspension. The entire operation was executed via laparoscope with suturing and tying of extracorporeal sliding and intracorporeal two‐turn flat square knot technique, and no transvaginal surgery was performed. The criteria for postoperative early (within 5 h) discharge plan were designed and assessed. Results: All pre‐planned instances of laparoscopic total abdominal hysterectomy with prophylactic retroperitoneal rectovaginal‐pouch of Douglas reconstruction and vaginal vault re‐suspension were completed; no technique failure was encountered. The average operating time for both hysterectomy and prophylactic surgery was 192 min. Intraoperative complications were two bladder injuries (0.72%); one case of inferior epigastric vessels injury (0.36%); one case of autologous, cells saver processed blood transfusion (0.36%). The immediate postoperative complications were four cases of voiding difficulty (1.45%) and five patients experiencing post anesthesia inordinate nausea and vomiting (1.81%). One patient required postoperative blood transfusion (0.36%). Delayed postoperative complications included 2 patients (0.72%) with superficial incisional skin infection. Estimated hemoglobin loss was from 0.5 g/dl to 5.0 g/dl, mean loss 1.5 g/dl. The extirpated uterine average weight 163 g. Postoperatively, within 24 h, 265 patients (96.01%) out of 276 were discharged home on the day of surgery, within 5 h, 110 patients (41.51%) out of 265 left the surgical unit. There was no single hospital post surgical re‐admission. Conclusions: Laparoscopic total abdominal hysterectomy with prophylactic retroperitoneal rectovaginal‐pouch of Douglas reconstruction and vaginal vault suspension by suturing method is a safe, well‐defined operation, executed with no need for transvaginal surgical approach, and well accepted by patients.