bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corneal Sensitivity 10 Years After Epikeratoplasty
Authors: Kaminski Stephan L , Biowski Robert , Lukas Julius R , Koyuncu Didem , Grabner Günther 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To assess corneal sensitivity in patients 10 or more years after epikeratoplasty for myopia, aphakia, hyperopia, and keratoconus.
METHODS: A total of 45 eyes of 33 patients (age range at examination 33 to 55 yr) were included in the study. Corneal sensitivity thresholds using an electromagnetic aesthesiometer (Draeger) were measured at various locations on the lenticule and the recipient cornea. Measurements were evaluated regarding the corrective purpose, surgical technique, age, and gender of the patients and the area of measurements.
RESULTS: The mean corneal sensitivity threshold in the center of the epikeratoplasty lenticule was significantly lower than on the peripheral recipient cornea (320.0 ± 365.1 ? IO"6 N versus 0.1 ± 0.5 ? 10"5 N). Corneal sensitivity at the 3 and 9 o'clock positions was significantly higher compared to the values at the 6 and 12 o'clock positions on the lenticule. No correlations of these values with age, gender, type, and primary indications for the surgery were observed.
CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate a relative hypesthesia of the epikeratoplasty lenticule as compared to the peripheral host cornea, even 10 years after surgery. In our patients no clinically significant changes were observed that could be attributed to the reduced sensitivity over this follow-up period. [J Refract Surg 2002;18:731-736]
Phototherapeutic Keratectomy With Mitomycin C for Corneal Haze Following Photorefractive Keratectomy for Myopia
Authors: Porges Yair , Ben-Haim Oded , Hirsh Ami , Levinger Samuel 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) with single application of mitomycin C for patients with severe corneal haze following photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for high myopia.
METHODS: Eight eyes of seven patients were treated with PTK and intraoperative topical application of mitomycin C (0.02%) for severe corneal haze (grade 3) following PRK for myopia.
RESULTS: AU patients' visual performance improved significantly. Mean preoperative visual acuity (20/200 for both UCVA and BSCVA) improved significantly to 20/33 (0.6) and 20/30 (0.7) for UCVA and BSCVA, respectively. Six eyes (85.7%) had improved UCVA to 20/40 or better and gained five or more lines of UCVA. The corneal haze score decreased from grade 3 initially (for all eyes prior to PTK and mitomycin C) to a final mean haze score of 0.3 (range 0 to 0.5). Mean final spherical equivalent refraction achieved was -1.30 ± 1.60 D (range -3.75 to +1.25 D). One eye gained only three lines of visual acuity due to regression and residual haze. No adverse effects related to the use of mitomycin C were recorded.
CONCLUSION: PTK with a single intraoperative application of mitomycin C was safe and effective in reducing corneal haze and improving visual acuity in patients with severe corneal haze following PRK. [J Refract Surg 2003;19:40-43]
Endothelial Cell Studies in Patients After Photorefractive Keratectomy for Hyperopia
Authors: Jabbur Nada S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report central and peripheral corneal endothelial cell studies performed as part of the VISX hyperopic photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) clinical trial.
METHODS: During this prospective, multicenter clinical trial, which was part of an FDA investigation, endothelial cell specular microscopy was done at five centers. Non-contact central and peripheral cell density, percent hexagonality, and coefficient of variability of cell size were obtained using the Konan Noncon Robo SP-8000FA with BAMBI analysis software. Data were gathered at baseline and at 1, 6, and 12 months after hyperopic PRK.
RESULTS: Analysis of results of 171 eyes demonstrated no statistically significant detrimental changes in the corneal endothelium at any postoperative time point. The statistically significant changes noted were interpreted as an improvement in cell morphology and were attributed to the cessation of contact lens wear following treatment.
CONCLUSION: Hyperopic PRK with the VISX STAR S2 Excimer Laser System produced no statistically significant adverse effect on the corneal endothelium. [J Refract Surg 2003;19:142-148]
Changes in Central Corneal Thickness After Laser in situ Keratomileusis and Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Kozak Igor , Hornak Marek , Juhas Tomas , Shah Arvind , Rawlings E Franklin 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate changes in corneal thickness after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in eyes with the same preoperative refraction, correlate these changes to postoperative refractive outcomes, and compare corneal healing process in a standardized subset of patients.
METHODS: Central corneal thickness was measured by contact ultrasound pachymetry in 14 eyes of 8 patients with preoperative myopia of -6.00 D who had LASIK, and in 14 eyes of 8 patients with the same preoperative refractive error who had PRK. Measurements were taken preoperatively, and 1 week, 3, and 6 months after surgery. Data were evaluated and compared using the paired Student i-test and Pearson correlation coefficient.
RESULTS: Mean preoperative central corneal thickness in the LASIK group was 549.14 ± 37.4 µ?\, and in the PRK group, 552.64 ± 34.9 µp?. At 1-week postoperatively, mean central corneal thickness in the LASIK eyes was 467.28 ± 29 /tra and in the PRK eyes, 473.85 ± 39.2 µ??; at 6 months, central corneal thickness had increased in both groups compared to the 1-week values; LASIK eyes had a mean central corneal thickness of 481.42 ± 23.0 µ?a and PRK, 481.50 ± 35.3 µta. Mean postoperative refraction after 6 months was -0.48 ± 0.30 D in the LASIK group and -0.67 ± 0.35 D in the PRK group.
CONCLUSION: Increase in central corneal thickness between 1 week and 6 months postoperatively occurred in both LASLK and PRK eyes, but differences were not statistically significant. No statistically significant differences were found in myopic regression between the two patient groups. [J Refract Surg 2003;19:149-153]
Wavefront-guided Multipoint (Segmental) Custom Ablation Enhancement Using the Nidek NAVEX Platform
Authors: Gimbel Howard V , Sofinski Sandra J , Mahler Oron S , van Westenbrugge John A , Ferensowicz Maria I , Triebwasser Rick W 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To present our clinical experience regarding enhancement (retreatment) of previously performed non-wavefront-guided refractive surgery by wavefront-guided multipoint (segmental) custom ablation utilizing the Nidek NAVEX platform.
METHODS: Retrospective clinical analysis was conducted of 20 eyes (19 patients) with mixed myopic or hyperopic astigmatism who had undergone primary laser in situ keratomileusis (LASEK) or photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and reported postoperative reductions in quality of vision. These vision disturbances correlated with clinically significant elevations in the root mean square of higher order aberrations (RMS of HOA) values. Before wavefront-guided multipoint (segmental) custom ablation enhancement with the NAVEX platform, all patients underwent testing with the Nidek Optical Path Difference Scan (OPD-Scan) and analysis with Final Fit Software.
RESULTS: Twenty eyes showed improvement or resolution of visual symptoms following wavefrontguided multipoint (segmental) custom ablation enhancement. The postoperative root mean square of higher order aberration values were variable and not always related to improvement in visual function. No patient lost two or more lines of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity.
CONCLUSION: Topography and wavefrontguided multipoint (segmental) custom ablation enhancements were safe and effective in improving visual symptoms following primary refractive surgery. In some eyes, improved visual function without correspondingly lower RMS of HOA values may be an effect of neutralizing some chromatic aberrations across the visible light spectrum, thereby improving the modulation transfer function. [J Refract Surg 2003;19(suppl):S209-S216]
Refractive Outcome of Nidek OPD-Scan Customized Ablations
Authors: Nakano Kozo , Portellinha Waldir , Oliveira Marivaldo , Alvarenga Lenio , Nakano Celso , Nakano Eliane 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Custom ablation is an improved refractive laser treatment that aims to optimize the optical system of the eye. We report preliminary results of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) using customized ablation and the Nidek OPD-Scan.
METHODS: We report a prospective, noncomparative interventional case series. After OPDScan analysis, patients underwent LASEK. Eightyfour eyes were included: 44 eyes were treated with Flex Scan, 22 eyes with customized ablation based on Nidek OPD-Scan analysis, and 18 eyes were treated with conventional (scanning slit) ablation.
RESULTS: Visual outcome did not differ among groups. No patient experienced a significant decrease (more than 1 Snellen line) in best spectacle-corrected visual acuity.
CONCLUSIONS: LASLK with the Nidek OPDScan system was safe and effective in this small group of patients. [J Refract Surg 2003; 19( suppl): S221-S222]
Laser in situ Keratomileusis for Astigmatism Greater than -3.50 D With the Nidek EC-5000 Excimer Laser
Authors: Handzel Alice , Kenikstul Ninel , Handzel Tim 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: LASIK with the Nidek EC-5000 excimer laser was used to treat high astigmatism.
METHODS: The Nidek EC-5000 excimer laser and ACS microkeratome were used in regular LASIK procedures. Results of 74 eyes with astigmatism of more than 3.50 D and up to 10.00 D were evaluated.
RESULTS: With Nidek algorithms, it was possible to eliminate refractive error completely or reduce it to a satisfactory amount, especially in difficult cases of mixed astigmatism with high astigmatic components.
CONCLUSION: The Nidek software for mixed and high astigmatism was efficient, predictable, and produced good results in difficult cases of high astigmatism. [J Refract Surg 2003;19(suppl): S241-S242]
Comparison of Videokeratographic Functional Optical Zones in Conductive Keratoplasty and Laser in situ Keratomileusis for Hyperopia
Authors: Rojas Maria C , Manche Edward E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To compare the videokeratographic functional optical zone of eyes treated with conductive keratoplasty to eyes treated with laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for hyperopia.
METHODS: Sixteen eyes treated with conductive keratoplasty for hyperopia were retrospectively evaluated to determine the size of the videokeratographic functional optical zone. The functional optical zone of these eyes was compared to the functional optical zone of 16 eyes that underwent LASIK for hyperopia with the VISX S2 excimer laser, for comparable amounts of hyperopia. The functional optical zone was measured at the edge of central corneal steepening and paracentral flattening on videokeratography 3 to 6 months after surgery.

RESULTS: The functional optical zone after surgery measured an average of 5.6 mm horizontally and 5.6 mm vertically in the conductive keratoplasty eyes, and 4.7 mm horizontally and 5.1 mm vertically in the hyperopic LASIK eyes (P<.001 and P<.005). The mean functional optical zone area was 31.1 mm
p 2
in the conductive keratoplasty eyes and 24.6 mm
p 2
in the hyperopic LASEK eyes (P<.001). The functional optical zone created by conductive keratoplasty had more uniform central steepening and less peripheral blending than the functional optical zone created by hyperopic LASIK.

CONCLUSION: Conductive keratoplasty was effective at creating central steepening in the cornea. The functional optical zone resulting from conductive keratoplasty was significantly larger than that obtained with hyperopic LASIK using the VISX S2 excimer laser. [J Refract Surg 2003;19: 333-337]
Reliability of Corneal Thickness and Endothelial Cell Density Measures
Authors: Nichols Jason J , Kosunick Gregory M , Bullimore Mark A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: We evaluated the reliability and agreement between the Orbscan, an ultrasonic pachymeter (Humphrey 855), and the Konan SP 9000-LC in terms of central corneal thickness. The Konan was also used to study the reliability and agreement between endothelial cell density measures.
METHODS: Twenty-five normal subjects were examined on two occasions (mean separation = 9 ± 5 days) by a single examiner using all three instruments for central corneal pachymetry. The Konan Center Method and a manual counting method were performed by two examiners to determine endothelial cell density. Reliability and agreement were assessed by calculating the 95% limits of agreement (LoA) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC).

RESULTS: For corneal pachymetry test-retest reliability, the 95% limits of agreement were -20 to +17 µm for the ultrasound, -27 to +22 µm for the Konan, and -13 to +13 µm for the Orbscan. There was fair-to-good agreement between the pachymeters (intraclass correlation coefficients range = 0.85 to 0.92). For endothelial cell density test-retest reliability, the 95% limits of agreement for the Konan Center Method was -498 to +530, and -482 to +333 cells/mm
p 2
for examiners 1 and 2, respectively. The test-retest 95% limits of agreement for the manual overlaid grid method was -355 to +355, and -535 to +670 cells/mm
p 2
for examiners 1 and 2, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: The reliability and agreement of the Orbscan and Konan corneal pachymeters was good, although the reliability of the Konan for estimating endothelial cell density was fair, at best. [J Refract Surg 2003;19:344-352]
Intraoperative Optical Coherence Pachymetry During Laser in situ Keratomileusis-First Clinical Experience
Authors: Wirbelauer Christopher , Pham Duy Thoai 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To investigate intraoperative optical coherence pachymetry during laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).
METHODS: In an initial clinical evaluation, three patients with myopia and myopic astigmatism were studied. Corneal thickness was assessed with optical pachymetry based on low-coherence interferometry during LASIK.
RESULTS: The attempted mean spherical equivalent refraction was -5.70 ± 2.00 D with a mean calculated stromal ablation depth of 95 ± 18 µm. Intraoperative optical coherence pachymetry was reproducible in all patients during the different stages of LASIK, demonstrating a mean flap thickness of 141 ± 30 µm with a residual corneal stroma of 274 ± 24 µm at the end of the laser ablation. The immediate postoperative corneal thickness revealed marked swelling.
CONCLUSIONS: This initial clinical evaluation proved that intraoperative optical coherence pachymetry may be an important safety feature for monitoring flap and residual stromal thickness during LASIK. It may be particularly helpful in the effort to avoid iatrogenic corneal ectasia in patients with thin corneas, higher refractive corrections, and LASIK enhancements. [J Refract Surg 2003;19:372-377]
Pars Plana Phacoprosthesis (Aphakic Intraocular Implant): A Preliminary Report
Authors: Girard Louis J 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
A preliminary report is presented on a new intraocular implant which is inserted through the pars plana and is anchored to the sclera in that area. The optic is positioned in the posterior chamber allowing free movement of the iris and best optical correction. Twenty implants are reported without serious complications after a minimum follow-up of one year; however, two retinal detachments have occurred in more recent operations.
ABSTRACT
A phacoprosthesis inserted through the pars plana and fixated to the sclera in the region of the pars plana can prevent damage to cornea during insertion, should give permanent fixation and should be well tolerated. A preliminary report of the technique and results are presented.
The Effect of Scleral Fixation Ring Placement and Trephine Tilting on Keratoplasty Wound Size and Donor Shape
Authors: Olson Randall J 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
To examine the effect of trephine tilting and scleral ring placement on wound size, five corneas from McCarey-Kaufman medium and ten whole eyes were trephined centrally under controlled conditions and the major and minor axes measured. It was found that, even with great care taken to hold the trephine perpendicular to the cornea, a fair amount of disparity between the major and minor axes of the donor tissue was seen. The scleral fixation ring produced much distortion, although removal allowed the peripheral cornea to return to a more normal configuration. The relationship between amount of trephine tilting and increase in the major axis of the cornea is examined, and all of these concepts are discussed in terms of current keratoplasty technique.
Extracapsular Cataract Extraction and Pseudophakos Implantation in Primates: A Clinico-Pathologic Study
Authors: Irvine A Rodman 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Eighteen rhesus monkeys underwent lens implantation with Choyce Mark VIII, Binkhorst iridocapsular, or Shearing posterior chamber lenses. They were sacrificed 4-28 months postoperative. The eyes were compared clinically and histologically. Controls included unoperated eyes and eyes with lens extraction without implantation.
Several histologic findings pertained equally to cataract extraction with or without lens implantation. Late opacification of the posterior capsule was caused by migration and fibrous metaplasia of the lens epithelial cells. These cells appeared to undergo such metaplasia only when exposed directly to aqueous, never when they were in firm apposition to another tissue such as another layer of capsular epithelium, lens cortex, or iris.
All plants were well tolerated clinically. Histologically the eyes with Binkhorst lenses showed a tendency to focal loss of iris pigment epithelium and some pigmented macrophages in the iris stroma and trabecular mesh. The Choyce lenses frequently displayed marked displacement and thinning of the iris root, and occasionally showed a few chronic inflammatory cells and thin fibrous encapsulation around the implant feet. The Shearing lenses had no effect on the adjacent ciliary body when the loops were well seated in the lens capsule, but when a loop was anterior to the capsule, it eroded into the ciliary body. The loops developed a thin fibrous capsule within the ciliary body with very little chronic inflammatory reaction. The long-term effect of such loops lying in the ciliary body is undetermined, however. At present it is recommended that, if such a lens is implanted, every effort be made to ensure both loops lie in the capsular envelope. On the basis of this study, it is also recommended that in removing such a lens, one must assume that a loop might lie embedded in the ciliary body and cut the lens free from the loops before removing it.
Hypnosis in High Risk Ophthalmic Surgery
Authors: Lewenstein Leonard N , Iwamoto Kumiko , Schwartz Herman 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Hypnosis is an effective tool in many areas of medicine and surgery. The exacting demands of ophthalmic surgery require good patient cooperation and strict adherence to treatment regimens. Multisystemic diseases compounded by the physiological stress of surgery make it essential that already strained homeostatic mechanisms are interfered with minimally.
The cases presented in this report illustrate the beneficial use of hypnosis in the treatment of several high risk patients in unusual situations.
Persistent Urinary Retention After Ophthalmic Surgery
Authors: Odell Peter M , Pitts W Reid 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
A two-year prospective study showed that the only serious urological complication after ophthalmic surgery was persistent urinary retention in older men with prior symptoms of bladder outlet obstruction. Osmotic therapy did not seem to be a factor in this rare complication. General anesthesia increased the risk of persistent urinary retention, while local anesthesia without osmotics avoided this complication.
Cyclodialysis With Air Injection in Black Patients
Authors: Miller Ronald D , Nisbet A Michael 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Thirty-two cases are presented in which cyclodialysis with air injection was used to treat glaucoma in black patients. Nineteen of the 32 cases were of aphakic glaucoma and most represented failures of other glaucoma surgery. The success rate was found at 12 months postoperative follow-up to be 75%. Three of 13 eyes with phakic glaucoma developed cataracts. Cyclodialysis may be superior to trabeculectomy for surgical treatment of glaucoma in black patients.
The Use of Anterior Chamber Na-Hyaluronate in a Pseudophakic Patient Requiring Intravitreal Air During Retinal Reattachment Surgery
Authors: Swartz Mano , Olson Randall J , Pingree George C , Sakauye Carolyn 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Na-hyaluronate, a viscoelastic substance without evidence of intraocular toxicity, appears to have potential as a means of maintaining the anterior chamber in the presence of an intravitreal air bubble and an intraocular lens.
New Cataract Removal Instrumentation and Techniques: I. The NASA-McGannon Cataract Fragmentor
Authors: Baehr Edward F , McGannon William J , Liu Luke H S , Tolentino Felipe I , Schepens Charles L 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
The instrument consists of a high-speed air turbine driven cutter combined with a pressure-regulated infusion system and a peristaltic pump evacuation system. The tool has an exposure control to vary the axial position of the cutter relative to its housing. The entire unit is controlled and powered by compressed air. A foot pedal starts and stops all suction and cutting functions. The intraocular pressure is controlled by a flow-compensating pressure regulator that balances out the inflow system pressure drop and thereby provides essentially constant intraocular pressure.
The Single Point Cam Guided Trephine: An Interim Report
Authors: Lieberman David M 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
The development of the single point cam guided cornea trephine frees the cornea surgeon from always cutting a round recipient window perpendicular to the visual axis of the eye. This new trephine allows for any angle of cut relative to the visual axis of the eye and any shaped window, be that window round, ellipse, oval or "other than round." Full development of the technique lies in the future with the development of more complete topographical measuring techniques and the integration of that measurement into a computer program wherein the computer controls the indexing of the blade cutting the recepient window and the angle of the blade while the blade is making the incision.
Vertical Folds of Central Retina and Choroid in Sudden Ocular Decompression
Authors: Wolter J Reimer 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Sudden and limited decompression of an eye due to corneal rupture has four days later allowed for the histopathological demonstration of an interesting combination of a vertical retinal fold, cystoid macular edema, degeneration of foveal cones, a vertical choroidal fold with loss of pigment epithelium and papilledema. The rather bizarre changes in this case may be helpful for the understanding of the much more subtle histopathological findings in typical cystoid macular edema.
Reversible Visual Loss in Subperiosteal Hematoma of the Orbit
Authors: Gillum William N , Anderson Richard L 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
A 19-year-old white male developed blindness in the left eye following a motor vehicle accident. Orbital echography and computerized axial tomography established the diagnosis of subperiosteal hematoma of the orbit. Emergency medical therapy and lateral canthotomy resulted in slight visual improvement but rebleeding occurred 12 hours after injury with visual loss. An emergency surgical decompression of the orbit was performed. Vision returned to 6/7.5 following decompression. This is the first report illustrating that orbital decompression can reverse complete visual loss from a subperiosteal hematoma of the orbit.