bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tlr2/4‐Mediated Hyperinflammation Promotes Cherubism‐Like Jawbone Expansion in Sh3bp2 (P416R) Knockin Mice
Authors: Fujii Yasuyuki , Monteiro Nelson , Sah Shyam Kishor , Javaheri Homan , Ueki Yasuyoshi , Fan Zhichao , Reichenberger Ernst J , Chen I‐Ping 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTCherubism (CBM), characterized by expansile jawbones with multilocular fibrocystic lesions, is caused by gain‐of‐function mutations in SH3 domain‐binding protein 2 (SH3BP2; mouse orthologue Sh3bp2). Loss of jawbone and dental integrity significantly decrease the quality of life for affected children. Treatment for CBM is limited to multiple surgeries to correct facial deformities. Despite significant advances made with CBM knockin (KI) mouse models (Sh3bp2KI/KI), the activation mechanisms of CBM lesions remain unknown because mutant mice do not spontaneously develop expansile jawbones. We hypothesize that bony inflammation of an unknown cause triggers jawbone expansion in CBM. To introduce jawbone inflammation in a spatiotemporally controlled manner, we exposed pulp of the first right mandibular molar of 6‐week‐old Sh3bp2+/+, Sh3bp2KI/+, and Sh3bp2KI/KI mice. Bacterial invasion from the exposed pulp into root canals led to apical periodontitis in wild‐type and mutant mice. The pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)‐induced inflammation of alveolar bone resulted in jawbone expansion in Sh3bp2KI/+ and Sh3bp2KI/KI mice. CBM‐like lesions developed exacerbated inflammation with increased neutrophil, macrophage, and osteoclast numbers. These lesions displayed excessive neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) compared to Sh3bp2+/+ mice. Expression levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α were increased in periapical lesions of Sh3bp2+/+, Sh3bp2KI/+, and Sh3bp2KI/KI mice and also in plasma and the left untreated mandibles (with no pulp exposure) of Sh3bp2KI/KI mice, suggesting a systemic upregulation. Ablation of Tlr2/4 signaling or depletion of neutrophils by Ly6G antibodies ameliorated jawbone expansion induced by PAMPs in Sh3bp2KI/KI mice. In summary, successful induction of CBM‐like lesions in jaws of CBM mice is important for studying initiating mechanisms of CBM and for testing potential therapies. Our findings further emphasize a critical role of host immunity in the development of apical periodontitis and the importance of maintaining oral health in CBM patients. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
A culturally targeted video to promote genetic counseling in a community sample of at‐risk US Latina women: The role of the concrete mindset
Authors: Carrera Pilar , Sheppard Vanessa B. , Caballero Amparo , Gómez‐Trillos Sara , Hurtado‐de‐Mendoza Alejandra 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLatina women, who are at increased risk of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC), have lower use of genetic counseling and testing (GCT) than non‐Hispanic White women. In a recent study, culturally targeted video improved psychosocial outcomes related to GCT. Additional analyses examine whether the culturally targeted video improved positive reactions in women who focus on difficulties (concrete mindset) versus women who focus on the final goals (abstract mindset). Participants (N = 32) completed surveys before and immediately after watching the video. The surveys measured attitudes, emotions, and women's mindset. Before watching the video, women with a concrete mindset reported more negative attitudes and negative emotions about GCT than women with an abstract mindset. After watching the video, women with a concrete mindset reported negative attitudes and feelings at levels comparable to those of women with an abstract mindset, reflecting a reduction in their negative attitudes and emotions. The sample size limits the power to find statistically significant differences. Results support the relevance of considering the audience's mindset in the development and testing of public health messages to promote the use of GCT.
Posttraumatic growth experiences of refugees: A metasynthesis of qualitative studies
Authors: Şimşir Gökalp Zeynep , Haktanir Abdulkadir 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlthough forced displacement may lead to many adverse psychological problems, this experience may also result in positive psychological consequences. Given the increasing disturbance in countries, many people are forcibly displaced, a comprehensive understanding of the posttraumatic growth (PTG) experiences of refugees is warranted. In this study, we examined 12 primary studies exploring PTG among refugees using the qualitative metasynthesis method. Our analysis of the primary studies consisting of 319 adults revealed four themes: (a) improved psychologic functioning; (b) enhanced interpersonal relationships; (c) reconstruction of the meaning of life; and (d) positive future direction. These findings indicate that no matter how traumatic experiences are painful, people can hold on to life, build a new life, and grow from adversity.
Evaluation of onset, cessation and seasonal precipitation of the Southeast Asia rainy season in CMIP5 regional climate models and HighResMIP global climate models
Authors: Hariadi Mugni Hadi , van der Schrier Gerard , Steeneveld Gert‐Jan , Sopaheluwakan Ardhasena , Tank Albert Klein , Roberts Malcolm John , Moine Marie‐Pierre , Bellucci Alessio , Senan Retish , Tourigny Etienne , Putrasahan Dian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRepresenting the rainy season of the maritime continent is a challenge for global and regional climate models. Here, we compare regional climate models (RCMs) based on the coupled model intercomparison project phase 5 (CMIP5) model generation with high‐resolution global climate models with a comparable spatial resolution from the HighResMIP experiment. The onset and the total precipitation of the rainy season for both model experiments are compared against observational datasets for Southeast Asia. A realistic representation of the monsoon rainfall is essential for agriculture in Southeast Asia as a delayed onset jeopardizes the possibility of having three annual crops. In general, the coupled historical runs (Hist‐1950) and the historical force atmosphere run (HighresSST) of the high‐resolution model intercomparison project (HighResMIP) suite were consistently closer to the observations than the RCM of CMIP5 used in this study. We find that for the whole of Southeast Asia, the HighResMIP models simulate the onset date and the total precipitation of the rainy season over the region closer to the observations than the other model sets used in this study. High‐resolution models in the HighresSST experiment showed a similar performance to their low‐resolution equivalents in simulating the monsoon characteristics. The HighresSST experiment simulated the anomaly of the onset date and the total precipitation for different El Niño‐southern oscillation conditions best, although the magnitude of the onset date anomaly was underestimated.
Medical Management for Eustachian Tube Dysfunction in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Mehta Neil K. , Ma Cheng , Nguyen Shaun A. , McRackan Theodore R. , Meyer Ted A. , Lambert Paul R. 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveMedical treatment for eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) is varied, with physician preference driving treatment choice and limited guidance for these options. An evaluation of the efficacy of medical management (MM) for ETD is warranted.MethodsA systematic review of three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Embase) was performed through December 2020. Adults treated nonsurgically for ETD were included. Exclusion criteria were as follows: patulous ETD, ETD deriving from craniofacial anomalies, or surgical treatment. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. A meta‐analysis of continuous measures, proportions, and risk ratio was conducted.ResultsTwelve articles were identified by systematic review, with either level 2 or 3 evidence. A meta‐analysis of available data was performed on nine studies. A pooled cohort found 50.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 41.7–59.0) of patients experienced symptomatic improvement with MM. ETDQ‐7 scores improved in a clinically nonsignificant manner by −0.88 (95% CI, −1.12 to −0.64) following medical treatment. Further, MM benefited from subacute and chronic symptoms in 30% to 64% and 11% to 50% of cases, respectively. Intranasal corticosteroids (INCS) were not efficacious, improving only 11% to 18% of chronic cases. Therapies such as Politzer devices and Valsalva therapy had minimally beneficial results.ConclusionOur review did not find any level 1 evidence for MM of ETD in adults. Available evidence indicates INCS are ineffective for chronic symptoms and the efficacy of nonsurgical options for subacute ETD has yet to be determined. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to discern efficacy of single‐agent medical therapies. Laryngoscope, 132:849–856, 2022
Theoretical and in vivo investigations of morphology and concentration of gold nanoparticles for laser surgery
Authors: Xing Linzhuang , Li Dong , Chen Bin , Gan Hongwan , Zhong Yu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivePrecise control of the thermal damage is critical during thermal therapy with the assistance of gold nanoparticles, which depends on the laser parameters and characteristics of gold nanoparticles. However, the current understanding of the relationship between the gold nanoparticles/incident laser light and the efficiency of photothermal therapy is limited, which should be studied systematically.Materials and MethodsIn this study, theoretical simulations were conducted to investigate the influence of laser wavelength, the size and shape of gold nanoparticles, and the distance of the particle in complex nanostructures on the optical properties and temperature distribution after laser irradiation, aiming to achieve maximum photothermal conversion efficiency and therapeutic effect during the laser treatment of port wine stains. Thereafter, gold nanoparticles were prepared and in vivo experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect on thermal damage of blood vessels.ResultsFor the laser wavelength at 532 nm, gold nanospheres with diameters of 20 nm are ideal in terms of temperature rise. The optimized particle distance is 5 nm and the corresponding concentration is 0.26 mg/ml. For Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm, gold nanorods with an aspect ratio of 6.3 and an effective radius of 12.7 nm are the most effective photothermal agents. The optimized particle distance is 4 nm, yielding the optimal concentration of 0.017 mg/ml. In vivo results demonstrated that using gold nanoparticles following our simulations as photothermal agents can greatly enhance the thermal damage of diseased blood vessels, reducing the laser energy and laser pulses required for the obvious thermal response of blood vessels.ConclusionFor different laser wavelengths used in clinics in the near future, theoretical models presented in this study can be employed to obtain the morphology of single gold nanoparticle and the concentration of nanoparticles solutions, thereby obtaining the optimal photothermal conversion and enhanced thermal damage assisted by gold nanoparticles.
How to strategically choose or combine augmented and virtual reality for improved online experiential retailing
Authors: Hilken Tim , Chylinski Mathew , Keeling Debbie I. , Heller Jonas , de Ruyter Ko , Mahr Dominik 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDespite the promise of augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) to help experiential retailers align online and offline experiences, guidance on choosing or combining these technologies is lacking. In three experiments, we address this research gap by investigating the individual and combined impact of AR and VR on key marketing objectives. First, we establish that AR is more effective in stimulating purchase intentions than VR, due to its ability to support customers in fluent product‐focused mental imagery. Second, we demonstrate that VR is better suited for improving brand attitudes than AR, as it helps customers to form fluent context‐focused mental imagery. Third, we show that AR and VR, in combination, can improve both purchase intentions and brand attitudes, but only when the order of deployment is sequenced as AR then VR. This is due to greater alignment with the customer's online‐to‐offline journey in experiential retail. When deployed the other way around, we observe a detrimental impact on purchase intentions and a potential harmful impact on brand attitudes. Our research offers a nuanced theoretical perspective of AR and VR in marketing and provides experiential retailers with evidence‐based guidelines for leveraging AR and VR within their online retailing strategy.
Recent Advances of Porous Materials Based on Cyclodextrin
Authors: Feng Jun‐Feng , Tan Min , Zhang Sheng , Li Bang‐Jing 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPorous materials have attracted significant attention because of their rising applications in many fields. Cyclodextrins (CDs) are suitable building units in the fabrication of porous materials owing to their intrinsic nanoporous structure, easy modification, and biocompatibility, which may result in the formation of CD‐based organic frameworks (including cyclodextrin metal‐organic frameworks (CD‐MOFs) and cyclodextrin covalent organic frameworks (CD‐COFs)), and CD‐based polymer hybrid porous materials. This review focuses on the recent progress in the fabrication and applications of CD‐based porous materials with novel structures and functionalities.
Automatic segmentation of organs‐at‐risks of nasopharynx cancer and lung cancer by cross‐layer attention fusion network with TELD‐Loss
Authors: Liu Zuhao , Sun Chao , Wang Huan , Li Zhiqi , Gao Yibo , Lei Wenhui , Zhang Shichuan , Wang Guotai , Zhang Shaoting 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurpose: Radiotherapy is one of the main treatments of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) and lung cancer. Accurate segmentation of organs at risks (OARs) in CT images is a key step in radiotherapy planning for NPC and lung cancer. However, the segmentation of OARs is influenced by the highly imbalanced size of organs, which often results in very poor segmentation results for small and difficult‐to‐segment organs. In addition, the complex morphological changes and fuzzy boundaries of OARs also pose great challenges to the segmentation task. In this paper, we propose a cross‐layer attention fusion network (CLAF‐CNN) to solve the problem of accurately segmenting OARs.Methods: In CLAF‐CNN, we integrate the spatial attention maps of the adjacent spatial attention modules to make the segmentation targets more accurately focused, so that the network can capture more target‐related features. In this way, the spatial attention modules in the network can be learned and optimized together. In addition, we introduce a new Top‐K exponential logarithmic Dice loss (TELD‐Loss) to solve the imbalance problem in OAR segmentation. The TELD‐Loss further introduces a Top‐K optimization mechanism based on Dice loss and exponential logarithmic loss, which makes the network pay more attention to small organs and difficult‐to‐segment organs, so as to enhance the overall performance of the segmentation model.Results: We validated our framework on the OAR segmentation datasets of the head and neck and lung CT images in the StructSeg 2019 challenge. Experiments show that the CLAF‐CNN outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art attention‐based segmentation methods in the OAR segmentation task with average Dice coefficient of 79.65% for head and neck OARs and 88.39% for lung OARs.Conclusions: This work provides a new network named CLAF‐CNN which contains cross‐layer spatial attention map fusion architecture and TELD‐Loss for OAR segmentation. Results demonstrated that the proposed method could obtain accurate segmentation results for OARs, which has a potential of improving the efficiency of radiotherapy planning for nasopharynx cancer and lung cancer.
Follow‐up of obstetric fistula repair using Singapore fasciocutaneous flap and/or gracilis muscle flap
Authors: Maljaars Lennart P. , Nundwe William , Roovers Jan‐Paul W. R. , Pope Rachel J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsTo report on the follow‐up of obstetric fistula repair using vascularized surgical flaps, namely the Singapore fasciocutaneous flap, the gracilis muscle flap, or a combination of both.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study reports on the follow‐up of 60 patients after fistula repair with a vascularized surgical flap at the Fistula Care Center in Lilongwe, Malawi. The primary outcome was fistula closure based on patients’ self‐reported continence grade. Secondary outcomes were urinary incontinence based on a 1‐h pad‐weight test, quality of life based on the Incontinence Quality of Life (I‐QOL) questionnaire, surgical complications, and the indication for additional surgery after repair.ResultsSuccessful closure was achieved in 62% of cases and full continence was achieved in 12% of cases. Incontinence based on a 1‐h pad weight test improved between surgery and follow‐up. QOL scores based on the I‐QOL were low but patients indicated moderate to great improvement in quality of life. Twenty‐two (37%) patients experienced surgical complication, mostly minor wound breakdowns. No major complications were reported. Six (10%) patients were indicated for additional surgery during follow‐up.ConclusionThe relative safety of the surgical procedures is shown in the findings of this study, including no reports on major complications during follow‐up. Vascularized flaps should be considered in complex fistula cases, especially in repeat cases and before considering urinary diversion as a last resort.
The effects of COVID‐19 on self‐management behaviours and service experiences in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Quirke‐McFarlane Sophia , Hodgkinson Anna , Weinman John , Meiyalagan Narthana , Prince Alexis C , Chamley Mark , Stevenson Jennifer M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study explored the impact of COVID‐19 on adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) self‐management behaviours and service experiences within an ethnically diverse UK sample.A cross‐sectional survey design was employed. An 18‐item survey was administered to suitable patients attending the Lambeth Diabetes Intermediate Care Team (South East London, UK) via text message (n=993) or post (n=62).A total of 150 participants completed the survey, which revealed that 30% had changed their diabetes medication taking behaviour since the start of the COVID‐19 pandemic for a number of reasons. Negative changes in physical activity levels and dietary behaviours were also reported. Of those who received a telephone consultation, high satisfaction levels were reported but a clear preference for face‐to‐face consultations was still present.Our findings suggest that the COVID‐19 pandemic is having a negative impact on individuals with T2DM physical activity levels and dietary behaviours. Additionally, the findings indicate that although telephone consultations were highly accepted, many would prefer to receive a face‐to‐face consultation in future. Copyright © 2021 John Wiley & Sons.
Screening for osteoporosis and fracture risk in women with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Roberts Brona , Connolly Grainne , Lewis Anthony , Lindsay John , Loughrey Clodagh , Nugent Ailish , Ryan Kathryn , Todd Peter , Wallace Ian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We aimed to determine the acceptability and productivity of systematic bone health screening in women with type 1 diabetes aged 50 or over.We offered women aged 50 or over with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) DXA scans to screen for low bone density. We excluded women already on bone treatment or who had had previous scans within the last five years. If the result was completely ‘normal’ (according to World Health Organization criteria), no further action was taken. If the scan showed osteopenia or osteoporosis, we performed a comprehensive fracture risk assessment to decide on further management.We offered DXA scanning to 58 women, of whom seven declined. Of the 51 women who attended, nine were diagnosed with osteoporosis. A further seven had osteopenia and a combination of other risk factors which warranted bone protection. All these 16 women were either offered osteoporosis treatment immediately or referred to our metabolic bone service. The average age of the women screened was 61.4 years (range 51–85), average body mass index 29.1kg/m2 (19.2–40.7) and average HbA1c 67.3mmol/mol (43–104). Twelve had stage 3–5 chronic kidney disease.It was concluded screening for fracture risk among women with T1DM is highly acceptable to patients and yields a substantial proportion of women who may benefit from highly cost‐effective bone‐protecting agents. We recommend that centres caring for adults with T1DM consider how bone health assessment could be incorporated into their services, particularly for older female patients who are at high risk of falls and fractures. Copyright © 2021 John Wiley & Sons.
Application of lung volume reduction surgery for a child with filamin A (FLNA) mutations
Authors: Burrage Lindsay C. , Heinle Jeffrey S. , Cerfolio Robert H. , Guillerman Robert P. , Patel Kalyani R. , Santiago Nahir C. , Hoover Wynton C. , Mallory George B. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDiffuse lung disease in early childhood due to mutations in the filamin A gene has been recently reported. Clinical outcomes vary among individuals indicating variability in phenotype but a substantial proportion of reported cases in early life have ended up in death or lung transplantation. We recently encountered a school‐aged child in whom the diagnosis of a filamin A mutation was delayed and the natural history of emphysematous lung disease was altered by serial lung volume reduction surgeries. She eventually underwent a bilateral lung transplant and we report the natural history of her disease and treatments applied herein.
Understanding the environmental factors related to the decrease in Pediatric Emergency Department referrals for acute asthma during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic
Authors: Dondi Arianna , Betti Ludovica , Carbone Claudio , Dormi Ada , Paglione Marco , Rinaldi Matteo , Gualtieri Maurizio , Scotto Fabiana , Poluzzi Vanes , Fabi Marianna , Lanari Marcello 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundLockdown measures during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic determined radical changes to behavioral and social habits, that were reflected by a reduction in the transmission of respiratory pathogens and in anthropogenic atmospheric emissions.ObjectiveThis ecological study aims to provide a descriptive evaluation on how restrictive measures during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic impacted Pediatric Emergency Department (PED) referrals for asthma exacerbations, and their potentially associated environmental triggers in Bologna, a densely populated urban area in Northern Italy.MethodsFiles of children evaluated for acute asthma during 2015 to 2020 at the PED of Sant'Orsola University Hospital of Bologna were retrospectively reviewed. Historical daily concentration records of particulate (PM2.5, PM10) and gaseous (NO2, C6H6) air pollutants, and pollen were concurrently evaluated, including specific PM chemical tracers for traffic‐related air pollution (TRAP).ResultsIn 2020, asthma‐related PED referrals decreased compared to referral rates of the previous 5 years (p < 0.01). This effect was particularly marked during the first lockdown period (March to May), when the drastic drop in PED referrals was associated with a reduction of high‐priority cases up to 85% and by 54%, on average. A concomitant reduction in the concentrations of traffic‐related air pollutants was observed in the range of 40%–60% (p < 0.01).ConclusionsThe lower rate of asthma exacerbations in childhood was in this study paralleled with reduced TRAP levels during the pandemic. Synergic interactions of the multiple consequences of lockdowns likely contributed to the reduced exacerbations, including decreased exposure to ambient pollutants and fewer respiratory infections, identified as the most important factor in the literature.