bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A high-resolution computed tomography based scoring system to predict ease of electrode insertion in cochlear implantation
Authors: Das A , Janweja M , Dubey A , Mitra S , Sengupta A 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to formulate a scoring system based on high-resolution computed tomography scans to predict ease of electrode insertion during cochlear implantation via posterior tympanotomy in paediatric patients.MethodA scoring system Cochlear Implantation Radiological Assessment Score (CIRAS) was formulated based on six parameters. This score was correlated with intra-operative findings, and receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to determine the optimal cut-off score to predict difficulty of surgery and to establish the inherent validity of the scoring system by area under curve.ResultsReceiver operating characteristic analysis showed that optimal cut-off score was 8 (93.1 per cent specificity and 56.52 per cent sensitivity), and area under the curve was 0.828. Patients with CIRAS of more than 8 had significantly higher time for surgery (p < 0.05).ConclusionCIRAS is an easy to administer tool by utilising classical axial and coronal sections, without any numerical measures. Pre-operative assessment by this score gives a good idea of intra-operative challenges.
Evolutionary linguistics can help refine (and test) hypotheses about how music might have evolved
Authors: Benítez-Burraco Antonio 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Both the music and social bonding (MSB) hypothesis and the music as a credible signal hypothesis emerge as solid views of how human music and human musicality might have evolved. Nonetheless, both views could be improved (and tested in better ways) with the consideration of the way in which human language(s) might have evolved under the effects of our self-domestication.
Pre-hunt charade as the cradle of human musicality
Authors: Számadó Szabolcs 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Human language and human music are both unique communication systems that evolved in the human lineage. Here, I propose that they share the same root, they evolved from an ancestral communication system yet to be described in detail. I suggest that pre-hunt charade was this shared root, which helped organize and coordinate the hunt of early hominins.
Singing is not associated with social complexity across species
Authors: Verpooten Jan , Eens Marcel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Based on their social bonding hypothesis, Savage et al. predict a relation between “musical” behaviors and social complexity across species. However, our qualitative comparative review suggests that, although learned contact calls are positively associated with complex social dynamics across species, songs are not. Yet, in contrast to songs, and arguably consistent with their functions, contact calls are not particularly music-like.
Mind the gap: The mediating role of emotion mechanisms in social bonding through musical activities
Authors: Juslin Patrik N. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
I support the music and social bonding (MSB) framework, but submit that the authors' predictions lack discriminative power, and that they do not engage sufficiently with the emotion mechanisms that mediate between musical features and social bonding. I elaborate on how various mechanisms may contribute, in unique ways, to social bonding at various levels to help account for the socio-emotional effects of music.
Oxytocin as an allostatic agent in the social bonding effects of music
Authors: Hansen Niels Chr. , Keller Peter E. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Despite acknowledging that musicality evolved to serve multiple adaptive functions in human evolution, Savage et al. promote social bonding to an overarching super-function. Yet, no unifying neurobiological framework is offered. We propose that oxytocin constitutes a socio-allostatic agent whose modulation of sensing, learning, prediction, and behavioral responses with reference to the physical and social environment facilitates music's social bonding effects.
Bonds and signals underlie the music learning experience
Authors: Morrison Steven J. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The music learning environment is a context in which fundamental forces and values underlying human musicality may be evident. Social bonding within music-making groups is characterized by a high degree of complexity whereas issues of clarity, accuracy, and coordination remain the focus of learning. Physical and cognitive impairments that compromise music learning opportunities offer a critical test of music's link to social bonding.
Challenging infant-directed singing as a credible signal of maternal attention
Authors: Trehub Sandra E. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
I challenge Mehr et al.'s contention that ancestral mothers were reluctant to provide all the attention demanded by their infants. The societies in which music emerged likely involved foraging mothers who engaged in extensive infant carrying, feeding, and soothing. Accordingly, their singing was multimodal, its rhythms aligned with maternal movements, with arousal regulatory consequences for singers and listeners.
Quantum decision corrections for the neuroeconomics of irrational movement control and goal attainment
Authors: Clark Kevin B. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Quantum decision theory corrects categorical and propositional logic pathologies common to classic statistical goal-oriented reasoning, such as rational neuroeconomics-based optimal foraging. Within this ecosalient framework, motivation, perception, learning, deliberation, brain computation, and conjunctive risk-order errors may be understood for subjective utility judgments underlying either rational or irrational canonical decisions-actions used to choose, procure, and consume rewarding nutrition with variable fitness.
Vigor and aspiration levels in neuroeconomics
Authors: Mastrogiorgio Antonio 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this contribution, we criticize the demanding assumption of vigor that economic agents are maximizers. We discuss the link between vigor and subjective value through the alternative notion of aspiration levels, arguing that vigor can help articulate the ecological balance – central in bounded and ecological rationality – between minimum expected reward (aspiration level) and the efforts made for its attainment.
Costs and benefits of communicating vigor
Authors: Becchio Cristina , Pullar Kiri , Panzeri Stefano 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Why do we run toward people we love, but only walk toward others? One reason is to let them know we love them. In this commentary, we elaborate on how subjective utility information encoded in vigor is read out by others. We consider the potential implications for understanding and modeling the link between movements and decisions in social environments.
Why we don't move: The importance of somatic maintenance and resting
Authors: Schrock Joshua M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A compelling ecological theory of movement and vigor must explain why humans and other animals spend so much time not moving. When we rest, our somatic maintenance systems continue to work. When our somatic maintenance requirements increase, we place greater subjective value on resting. To explain variation in movement and vigor, we must account for the subjective value of resting.
Movement control, decision-making, and the building of Roman roads to link them
Authors: Shadmehr Reza , Ahmed Alaa A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In science, as in life, one can only hope to both inform others, and be informed by them. The commentaries associated with our book Vigor have highlighted the many ways in which the theory that we proposed can be improved. For example, there are a myriad of factors that need to be considered in a fully encompassing objective function. The neural mechanisms underlying the links between movement and decision-making have yet to be unraveled. The implications of a two-way interaction between movement and decisions at both the individual and social levels remain to be understood. The commentaries outline future questions, and encouragingly highlight the diversity of science communities that may be linked via the concept of vigor.
“The Mental Health Piece is Huge”: perspectives on developing a prenatal maternal psychological intervention for congenital heart disease
Authors: Espinosa Kristina M. , Julian Melissa , Wu Yao , Lopez Catherine , Donofrio Mary T. , Krishnan Anita , Goudar Suma , Bowers Stephanie , Douglas-Barnett Scott , Limperopoulos Catherine , Le Huynh-Nhu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectives:Women carrying a fetus diagnosed with congenital heart disease often experience significant distress because of their medical diagnosis. Given the well-documented impact associated with elevated prenatal stress and critical importance of developing targeted interventions, this study aims to examine stressors, coping and resilience resources, and mental health treatment preferences in pregnant women receiving a congenital heart disease diagnosis to inform the development of a psychological intervention to reduce maternal distress prenatally.Methods:Three groups of participants were included consisting of two pregnant women carrying a fetus with congenital heart disease, five women of children (4−16 months) with congenital heart disease, and five paediatric cardiology medical providers. Responses were gathered via semi-structured interviews and analysed using qualitative thematic analysis.Results:Information regarding four broad areas were analysed of emotional distress during pregnancy; experience of initial diagnosis; coping and resilience; and perspectives on a mental health intervention in pregnancy. Anxiety regarding baby’s future, guilt following diagnosis, and various coping strategies emerged as primary themes among the participant sample. Medical staff corroborated mothers’ heightened anxiety and viewed a psychotherapeutic intervention during the prenatal period as essential and complimentary to standard of care.Conclusion:We identified salient themes and preferred components for a future psychological intervention delivered prenatally.Practice Implications:Patients’ and providers’ perspectives regarding the nature of maternal distress, resilience and treatment preferences can inform the development of interventions to support the emotional well-being of pregnant women carrying a fetus with congenital heart disease to optimise care and potentially improve outcomes for fetal brain development.
On River‐Aquifer Exchange Flow With Irregular and Semipervious Bank
Authors: Xian Yang , Jin Menggui , Zhan Hongbin , Liang Xing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRiver water flowing into and out of riparian aquifers driven by stage fluctuations during floods is critical for streamflow and biogeochemical cycling of hyporheic zones. Previous studies paid limited attention to the complex exchange flow between rivers and the adjacent unconfined aquifers through irregular and semipervious banks which are commonly seen in nature. This study proposed a new semi‐analytical solution for describing the river‐aquifer exchange flow by incorporating river stage hydrograph, and semipervious banks with irregular geometries. The solution was verified by comparing with the numerical solutions of the one‐dimensional Boussinesq equation and two‐dimensional variably saturated flow models. The comparisons indicated that the semi‐analytical solution was robust to closely approximate the bank storage exchange flow through an irregular and semipervious bank. Moreover, an innovative dimensionless river bank index (BI) was proposed to quantitively identify the importance of riverbank geometry irregularity. BI = 0.4 and BI = 0.76 are the critical threshold values to determine whether realistic bank geometry should be incorporated or not. Specifically, when BI is less than 0.4, the conventionally vertical bank can be applied to substitute realistic irregular riverbanks; When BI is greater than 0.76, however, realistic bank geometries should be included and otherwise significant errors may occur, especially when BI is much greater than 0.76. The semi‐analytical solution and BI have been successfully applied to the Hanford Reach of Columbia River, Washington, USA. The proposed solution and BI are useful for conceptual and diagnostic analysis of bank storage exchange flow and for understanding which factors and responses are important.
El Niño Pacing Orchestrates Inter‐Basin Pacific‐Indian Ocean Interannual Connections
Authors: Jiang Feng , Zhang Wenjun , Jin Fei‐Fei , Stuecker Malte F. , Allan Rob 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEl Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the primary source of year‐to‐year climate variability on Earth, has profound impacts on the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD), another important climate pattern. Much attention has been paid to potentially increased ENSO predictability by utilizing IOD conditions, inferred from a statistically significant correlation with ENSO at a long lead time. However, the intrinsic dynamics for the causality of this IOD‐ENSO relationship remain largely elusive. Here, we demonstrate that the observed nonstationary IOD‐ENSO lead‐lag relationship is mainly ENSO‐driven and therefore adds no additional information for ENSO predictability. The nonstationarity of their correlation is a manifestation of ENSO cycle complexity. Multi‐climate model and theoretical results further demonstrate that ENSO pacing tightly controls the statistical IOD‐ENSO relationship via changes in ENSO periodicity and regularity. This highlights that ENSO dominates the inter‐basin Pacific‐Indian Ocean interactions, shedding light on the key predictors for interannual pantropical climate variability.
Simulated Dynamics of Mixed Versus Uniform Grain Size Sediment Pulses in a Gravel‐Bedded River
Authors: Ahammad Muneer , Czuba Jonathan A. , Pfeiffer Allison M. , Murphy Brendan P. , Belmont Patrick 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMountain rivers often receive sediment in the form of episodic, discrete pulses from a variety of natural and anthropogenic processes. Once emplaced in the river, the movement of this sediment depends on flow, grain size distribution, and channel and network geometry. Here, we simulate downstream bed elevation changes that result from discrete inputs of sediment (∼10,000 m3), differing in volume and grain size distribution, under medium and high flow conditions. We specifically focus on comparing bed responses between mixed and uniform grain size sediment pulses. This work builds on a Lagrangian, bed‐material sediment transport model and applies it to a 27 km reach of the mainstem Nisqually River, Washington, USA. We compare observed bed elevation change and accumulation rates in a downstream lake to simulation results. Then we investigate the magnitude, timing, and persistence of downstream changes due to the introduction of synthetic sediment pulses by comparing the results against a baseline condition (without pulse). Our findings suggest that bed response is primarily influenced by the sediment‐pulse grain size and distribution. Intermediate mixed‐size pulses (∼50% of the median bed gravel size) are likely to have the largest downstream impact because finer sizes translate quickly and coarser sizes (median bed gravel size and larger) disperse slowly. Furthermore, a mixed‐size pulse, with a smaller median grain size than the bed, increases bed mobility more than a uniform‐size pulse. This work has important implications for river management, as it allows us to better understand fluvial geomorphic responses to variations in sediment supply.
Semi‐Automatic Ice‐Rafted Debris Quantification With Computed Tomography
Authors: Cederstrøm Jan Magne , van der Bilt Willem G. M. , Støren Eivind W. N. , Rutledal Sunniva 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSedimentary ice‐rafted debris (IRD) provides critical information about the climate sensitivity and dynamics of ice sheets. In recent decades, high‐resolution investigations have revelated ice rafting events in response to rapid warming: such reconstructions help us constrain the near‐future stability of our planet's fast‐changing cryosphere. However, similar efforts require laborious and destructive analytical procedures to separate and count IRD. Computed tomography (CT) holds great promise to overcome these impediments to progress by enabling the micrometer‐scale (max. ∼21 μm) visualization of individual IRD grains. This study demonstrates the potential of this emerging approach by (a) validating CT counts in synthetic sediment archives (phantoms) spiked with a known number of grains, (b) replicating published IRD stratigraphies, and (c) improving sampling resolution. Our results show that semi‐automated CT counting of grains in the often analyzed 150–500 μm size fraction reproduces grain numbers and tracks manually counted trends. We also find that differences between manual and CT‐counted data are explained by image processing artifacts, offsets in sampling resolution, and bioturbation. By acquiring these promising results using basic image processing tools, we argue that our work advances and broadens the applicability of ultra‐high resolution IRD counting with CT to deepen our understanding of ice sheet‐climate interactions on human‐relevant timescales.
Groundwater‐Mediated Memory of Past Climate Controls Water Yield in Snowmelt‐Dominated Catchments
Authors: Brooks Paul D. , Gelderloos Andrew , Wolf Margaret A. , Jamison Logan R. , Strong Courtenay , Solomon D. Kip , Bowen Gabriel J. , Burian Steve , Tai Xiaonan , Arens Seth , Briefer Laura , Kirkham Tracie , Stewart Jesse 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAccelerating warming, changes in the amount, timing, and form of precipitation, and rapidly growing populations highlight the need for improved predictions of snowmelt‐driven water supplies. Although decadal‐scale trends in reduced streamflow are common, minimal progress has been made in improving streamflow prediction on the annual time scales on which management decisions are made. Efficient allocation of dwindling supplies requires incorporating rapidly evolving knowledge of streamflow generation into parsimonious models capable of improving prediction on seasonal, annual, and multiyear time scales of water resource management. We address this need using long‐term streamflow and climate records in 12 catchments averaging 90 years of observations and totaling more than 1,080 site‐years of data. These catchments experience similar regional climate forcing each year, but are diverse enough to represent broad ranges in precipitation, temperature, vegetation, and geology characteristic of much of the western US. We find that January baseflow across all catchments exhibits a coherent, quasi‐decadal periodicity that presumably is indicative of groundwater response to decadal climate. Although the direct contribution of this discharge to streamflow is small, interannual variability in groundwater discharge is a consistently strong predictor of runoff efficiency suggesting that antecedent groundwater storage alters precipitation routing to streamflow. Incorporating antecedent groundwater storage with precipitation and melt dynamics in multiple linear regression models reduces uncertainty in annual runoff from approximately 40% to <5%. These simple models, using readily available data, provide immediately useful tools for water managers to anticipate and respond to streamflow variability on time scales of 1 to 10 years.
The shot, the message, and the messenger: COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Latin America
Authors: Argote Pablo , Barham Elena , Daly Sarah Zukerman , Gerez Julian E. , Marshall John , Pocasangre Oscar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHerd immunity by mass vaccination offers the potential to substantially limit the continuing spread of COVID-19, but high levels of vaccine hesitancy threaten this goal. In a cross-country analysis of vaccine hesitant respondents across Latin America in January 2021, we experimentally tested how five features of mass vaccination campaigns—the vaccine’s producer, efficacy, endorser, distributor, and current population uptake rate—shifted willingness to take a COVID-19 vaccine. We find that citizens preferred Western-produced vaccines, but were highly influenced by factual information about vaccine efficacy. Vaccine hesitant individuals were more responsive to vaccine messengers with medical expertise than political, religious, or media elite endorsements. Citizen trust in foreign governments, domestic leaders, and state institutions moderated the effects of the campaign features on vaccine acceptance. These findings can help inform the design of unfolding mass inoculation campaigns.
A curated dataset for data-driven turbulence modelling
Authors: McConkey Ryley , Yee Eugene , Lien Fue-Sang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe recent surge in machine learning augmented turbulence modelling is a promising approach for addressing the limitations of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) models. This work presents the development of the first open-source dataset, curated and structured for immediate use in machine learning augmented corrective turbulence closure modelling. The dataset features a variety of RANS simulations with matching direct numerical simulation (DNS) and large-eddy simulation (LES) data. Four turbulence models are selected to form the initial dataset: k-ε, k-ε-ϕt-f, k-ω, and k-ω SST. The dataset consists of 29 cases per turbulence model, for several parametrically sweeping reference DNS/LES cases: periodic hills, square duct, parametric bumps, converging-diverging channel, and a curved backward-facing step. At each of the 895,640 points, various RANS features with DNS/LES labels are available. The feature set includes quantities used in current state-of-the-art models, and additional fields which enable the generation of new feature sets. The dataset reduces effort required to train, test, and benchmark new corrective RANS models. The dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.34740/kaggle/dsv/2637500.
A new approach for location-specific seasonal outlooks of typhoon and super typhoon frequency across the Western North Pacific region
Authors: Magee Andrew D. , Kiem Anthony S. , Chan Johnny C. L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWith an average of 26 tropical cyclones (TCs) per year, the western North Pacific (WNP) is the most active TC basin in the world. Considerable exposure lies in the coastal regions of the WNP, which extends from Japan in the north to the Philippines in the south, amplifying TC related impacts, including loss of life and damage to property, infrastructure and environment. This study presents a new location-specific typhoon (TY) and super typhoon (STY) outlook for the WNP basin and subregions, including China, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. Using multivariate Poisson regression and considering up to five modes of ocean-atmospheric variability and teleconnection patterns that influence WNP TC behaviour, thousands of possible predictor model combinations are compared using an automated variable selection procedure. For each location, skillful TY and STY outlooks are generated up to 6 months before the start of the typhoon season, with rolling monthly updates enabling refinement of predicted TY and STY frequency. This unparalleled lead time allows end-users to make more informed decisions before and during the typhoon season.