bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acral persistent papular mucinosis: A case report and summary of 24 Japanese cases
Authors: Mori Asuka , Shinkuma Satoru , Mitsui Yasuhiro , Ogawa Kohei , Miyagawa Fumi , Asada Hideo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAcral persistent papular mucinosis is a rare subtype of localized lichen myxedematosus. We report a case of a 41‐year‐old woman with acral persistent papular mucinosis. She had a 5‐year history of multiple, scattered, whitish papules, on the back of both hands, of 2–5 mm in diameter. Histopathological examination revealed a focal, fairly circumscribed area with sparse collagen fibers in the upper and middle dermis. The circumscribed area was positively stained with Alcian blue. The papules were clinically and histologically diagnosed as acral persistent papular mucinosis. We also summarized 24 Japanese acral persistent papular mucinosis cases, including ours. Although acral persistent papular mucinosis occurs predominantly in women according to overseas reports, the male : female ratio is 5:7 in Japan. It has been reported that tranilast (N‐[3,4‐dimethoxycinnamoyl]‐anthranilic acid) was effective in two Japanese cases. In our case, the patient had been treated with tranilast for 2 months without improvement. Further studies are required to confirm the efficacy of tranilast for acral persistent papular mucinosis.
Livestock grazing promotes ecosystem multifunctionality of a coastal salt marsh
Authors: Zhang Pei , Yang Zaichao , Wu Jihua 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

The effects of livestock grazing on grasslands have garnered much attention; however, little is known about how grazing affects ecosystems’ ability to simultaneously support multiple ecosystem functions (i.e. ecosystem multifunctionality, hereafter EMF) in coastal salt marshes.

To comprehensively evaluate the ecological effects of livestock grazing and tidal flooding on salt marshes, we conducted a grazing‐exclusion experiment in the high and middle marsh zones of the Yangtze River Estuary, China.

Livestock grazing generally enhanced EMF in the salt marshes, with a stronger impact in the middle marshes than in the high ones. Although plant biomass, above‐ground N of plants, soil organic C and sediment deposition rate decreased under grazing, activities of soil microbes and nematodes, soil N pool, N mineralization, decomposition and soil respiration increased.

Synthesis and applications. We suggest that tidal flooding and associated replenishment of sediments may mitigate the negative effects of grazing on plants and sedimentation and strengthen positive grazing impacts on nutrient cycling, consequently reinforcing the beneficial effects of livestock grazing on the salt marsh ecosystem multifunctionality. Our results provide a holistic framework of ecosystem‐level responses to livestock grazing in salt marshes and highlight the regulatory role of external environmental factors such as tidal flooding. Although livestock grazing enhanced the overall EMF (represents the nutrient cycling rate) of salt marshes in our study, it was not necessarily desirable for ecosystem services. Integration of ecosystem function‐multifunctionality and ecosystem service‐multifunctionality of salt marshes need to be recommended in future multifunctionality studies.
Psychometric properties of the SCORE‐15 Thai version and its relationship with mental health index
Authors: Limsuwan Nida , Prachason Thanavadee 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe SCORE‐15 Thai version was developed for clinical use in Thailand. This study aims to assess the internal reliability of the SCORE‐15 Thai version and its convergent validity with the Chulalongkorn Family Inventory (CFI), a measure modified from the Family Assessment Device (FAD), the perceptions of the family problems, and the mental health index. It exhibited a strong negative correlation with the CFI, a moderate negative correlation with the manageability rating and a weaker positive correlation with the severity rating. The internal reliability of both full‐scale and subscales of the SCORE‐15 was all good except for the communication subscale. The SCORE‐15 also showed a discriminative pattern among participants with varying states of mental health. In conclusion, the SCORE‐15 Thai version was generally a valid and reliable tool for family assessment in the clinical Thai population.
Practitioner points

It is essential to locally develop family assessment tools that are appropriate for the socio‐cultural context of the family therapy services.

The SCORE‐15 Thai version generally exhibited acceptable internal reliability and good convergent validity with the CFI in the clinical Thai population.
The family functioning and the manageability rating of the SCORE‐15 Thai version were significantly different among groups of people with varying states of mental health.
Agriculture’s carbon neutral challenge: The case of Western Australia*
Authors: Kingwell Ross 
Published: June 2021

Agriculture is being encouraged to become carbon neutral, and agricultural land is being touted as a source of carbon sequestration. Yet making agricultural regions locally carbon neutral will involve an economic cost, with existing patterns of greenhouse gas emissions and spatial costs of abatement affecting that cost of achieving regional carbon neutrality. This study examines the economic cost of locally achieving carbon neutrality, using the illustration of Western Australia’s agricultural region. The cost to the region of achieving carbon neutrality via reforestation is estimated, as is the spatial allocation of farmland for sequestration. Social and political pressures that likely constrain how much farmland can be reforested are explicitly considered. Findings are subject to a sensitivity analysis and several caveats. The annual cost of regional carbon neutrality via proscribed regional reforestation, under current carbon offset prices, is estimated to range from AUD216 million to AUD250 million (i.e. under 3 per cent of the region’s gross value of agricultural production) which might suggest the challenge to be carbon neutral is within commercial reach. However, without other financial incentives, it likely involves farm business profits being reduced by around 15 per cent.
The Effect of Inter‐firm Managerial Social Ties on Alliance Formation: How Poorly Embedded Firms Overcome Network Disadvantages
Authors: Yang Ke , Zhu Jianjun , Santoro Michael D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRecent research suggests pre‐existing network structural dynamics can hamper inter‐organizational alliance formation, particularly for poorly embedded firms. However, this research fails to fully explain how poorly embedded firms can overcome these structural barriers when forming alliances. This study adds to the existing knowledge on network dynamics by proposing how interpersonal relational embeddedness alleviates such constraints and facilitates alliance formation of firms poorly embedded in existing alliance networks. We highlight the informational and sociological benefits of inter‐firm managerial social ties (IFMSTs) formed through interpersonal social experiences beyond those originated from prior business exchange activities between potential partnering firms. Our empirical investigation employs an extensive sample of US public firms and shows strong evidence that IFMSTs help poorly embedded firms overcome the obstacles imposed by their inferior network structure embeddedness when forming alliances. The negative effect of inferior network structural embeddedness is more muted by IFMSTs when both firms in a dyad are at the periphery of the alliance network than when they occupy asymmetric structural positions. This mitigation effect of IFMSTs is more salient when the ties originate from activity‐based social experiences than from shared educational affiliations.
Citizenship Stripping, Fair Procedures, and the Separation of Powers: A Critical Comment on Damache v Minister for Justice
Authors: Casey Conor 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDamache v Minister for Justice concerned a constitutional challenge to section 19 of the Irish Nationality and Citizenship Act 1956. This section outlined the statutory process the executive branch, acting through the Minister for Justice, had to follow before revoking a certificate of naturalisation. The appellant successfully argued this process was an unconstitutional breach of fair procedures. The judgement will be of interest both to Irish and other public lawyers for its treatment of fair procedures, which the Supreme Court approached in a regrettably blinkered way – seeing only one constitutional principle when several others were at stake. The judgment is a stark reminder for both Irish and comparative lawyers of the fact that the concrete demands of fair procedures must be balanced with a range of competing institutional goods and principles equally important to constitutional democracies: from administrative efficiency to structural principles stemming from the separation of powers.
The long arm of parenting: How parenting styles influence crime and the pathways that explain this effect*
Authors: Simons Leslie Gordon , Sutton Tara E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough several criminological theories suggest that variations in parenting increase the probability of adult crime, most studies limit focus to the association between parenting and adolescent delinquency. Thus, research exploring the association between parenting and adult crime is rare. The present study used path analyses and prospective, longitudinal data from a sample of 318 African American men to examine the effects of eight parenting styles on adult crime. Furthermore, we investigated the extent to which significant parenting effects are mediated by criminogenic schemas, negative emotions, peer affiliations, adult transitions, and involvement with the criminal justice system. Consonant with the study hypotheses, the results indicated that parenting styles with high demandingness, regardless of whether it co‐occurred with responsiveness or corporal punishment, reduced the risk of adult crime. On the other hand, parenting styles low on demandingness but high on responsiveness or corporal punishment were associated with a robust increase in risk for adult crime. These parenting effects were mediated, in large measure, by criminogenic schemas and affiliation with adult deviant peers. The findings held after taking into account the effect of adolescent experiences and traits such as delinquency, deviant peer affiliations, community violence, discrimination, negative emotionality, and poor self‐control.
Modification of MRI pattern of high‐grade glioma pseudoprogression in regorafenib therapy
Authors: Mansour Mariam , Vitale Valerio , Lombardi Giuseppe , Riva Giulio , Pancheri Francesca , Zanusso Mariano 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPseudoprogression (PP) is a diagnostic dilemma in the follow‐up of brain high grade gliomas (HGG), and the introduction of new therapies has further complicated its identification in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). We report a case of pseudoprogression after intraoperative radiotherapy (ioRT) and Regorafenib therapy in a patient with anaplastic astrocytoma recurrence. A 65‐year‐old man, treated in August 2017 for a right frontal anaplastic astrocytoma, with surgical resection and following radiotherapy and Temozolomide, in October 2019 was again treated for peri‐surgical bed recurrence with resection and ioRT followed by Regorafenib therapy, interrupted in February 2020, after the onset of adverse reactions. MRI examination showed a large irregular alteration posterior to the surgical bed, T2 weighted hypointense featuring strong diffusion restriction (low ADC values), with an irregular contrast‐enhancement (CE) pattern, and surrounded by a vast vasogenic oedema; Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast (DSC) perfusion imaging (PWI) showed no increase of relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV). Particularly, lesion appeared markedly hypointense and dusty‐like on susceptibility weighted images (SWI) probably due to a constant hemorrhagic diapedesis promoted by Regorafenib. Therefore, pseudoprogression was suspected. Follow‐up MRI exams showed gradual reduction of SWI and CE abnormalities, but a persistent DWI restriction. Unfortunately, the last MRI control showed a secondary cerebellar localisation of the disease. New therapies are changing MRI pattern in HGG imaging and this case underlines how a multimodality approach is increasingly necessary. In particular, when using anti‐VEGF drugs, SWI can have a crucial role in identifying therapy‐related haemorrhagic changes.
CM‐AVM syndrome – A prospective observational study of unrelated paediatric cases
Authors: Haefliger Stefanie , Adams Susan , Nandakumar Archana , Nguyen Linh , Wargon Orli 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe main objective of this study is to describe the clinical spectrum of CM‐AVM syndrome as well as radiological and genetic findings.MethodsThis is a single‐centre prospective observational study performed at Sydney Children’s Hospital. Patients under the age of 18 years that presented to our paediatric dermatology clinic or vascular birthmark clinic between January 2015 and September 2020 with one or more geometric shaped pink/ red/ brown macule with a peripheral pallor characteristic of a high‐flow vascular stain were included. Children subsequently diagnosed with other diagnosis or family members with CM‐AVM syndrome were excluded.ResultsSixty children were included, with two subsequently excluded. A third of patients (n = 22, 38%) presented with a single characteristic HFVS, whereas the remaining two thirds (n = 36; 62%) had multiple HFVS. In children with multiple HFVS, one notably larger HFVS was detected in the majority of children (n = 32, 88%). In 33 patients, a brain and spine MRI was performed, which detected a spine AVM in one symptomatic patient with sensorimotor deficits. No cerebral AVM or AVF was picked up in the cohort. A RASA 1 result was available for evaluation in 24, of which 16 (67%) were positive. An EPHB4 result was available in eight, two (25%) of which were positive.ConclusionsOne large HFVS often accompanied by multiple small HFVS can be seen in most patients. Despite of the lack of genetic confirmation of diagnosis in single lesions, this phenotype might be of interest and warrants further investigation.
Hometown Prison: Whiteness, Safety, and Prison Work in Upstate New York State
Authors: Morrell Andrea R. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTMass incarceration has been shown to be a force of racializations and class inequality in US life, but little literature has focused on the lives of prison guards. Highlighting the lived experiences of prison guards at two state maximum security prisons in Elmira, New York, a small multiracial city in central New York State, this article uses Cedric Robinson's notion of racial capitalism to show how prison expansion unfolds in New York State at the end of the twentieth century. Guard labor includes both the physical work of control and of basic social reproduction and is done by people who are connected to the cultures, histories, and political economies in which they were raised, what Elmirans often call one's “hometown.” I examine prison guards’ narratives of their racial encounters inside and outside the prison, their sense of their racialized selves, and their relationship to what they see as often boring, violent, and stigmatized work. I show how the expansion of the carceral state over the past forty years, the period most often referred to as mass incarceration, maintains Fordism's labor hierarchies in a retooled racialization: as jailer and jailed. [prisons, whiteness, carceral state, racial capitalism, post‐Fordism]
Evaluation of the pharmacokinetics of pemigatinib in patients with impaired hepatic or renal function
Authors: Ji Tao , Rockich Kevin , Epstein Noam , Overholt Heather , Wang Phillip , Chen Xuejun , Punwani Naresh , Yeleswaram Swamy 
Published: June 2021

AimsPemigatinib, an inhibitor of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) family of receptor tyrosine kinases, is approved for previously treated, unresectable locally advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma. Pemigatinib is predominantly metabolized by CYP3A4 with minimal renal elimination.MethodsSeparate hepatic and renal impairment studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of these impairments on pemigatinib pharmacokinetics (PK). Each study was of open‐label, parallel‐group design, conducted in participants with normal organ function and with hepatic or renal impairment. Plasma concentrations of pemigatinib were quantified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) and pemigatinib PK parameters were derived by noncompartmental analysis. Geometric mean ratios and two‐sided 90% confidence intervals of Cmax, AUC0‐t, and AUC0‐∞ were compared by analysis of variance (ANOVA).ResultsCompared with healthy matched participants: Cmax and AUC0‐∞ ratio (90% confidence interval) in participants with moderate hepatic impairment were 96.7% (59.4%, 157%) and 146% (100%, 212%), respectively; Cmax and AUC0‐∞ ratio in participants with severe hepatic impairment were 94.2% (68.9%, 129%) and 174% (116%, 261%), respectively; Cmax and AUC0‐∞ ratio in participants with severe renal impairment were 64.6% (44.1%, 94.4%) and 159% (95.4%, 264%), respectively; Cmax and AUC0‐∞ ratio in participants with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) before haemodialysis (HD) were 77.5% (51.2%, 118%) and 76.8% (54.0%, 109%), respectively; Cmax and AUC0‐∞ ratio in participants with ESRD after HD were 90.0% (59.3%, 137%) and 91.3% (64.1%, 130%), respectively.ConclusionPemigatinib dose should be reduced for patients with severe hepatic or renal impairment, and no dose adjustment is required for patients with moderate hepatic impairment or in ESRD patients undergoing HD.
Transhumanism and African humanism: How to pursue the transhumanist vision without jeopardizing humanity
Authors: Ewuoso Cornelius , Fayemi Ademola Kazeem 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAfrican humanism should be considered more in the theoretical discussion on transhumanism. Using an underexplored humanistic philosophy of Ubuntu, this article shows how the perspective from the global south provides guidelines for pursuing transhumanism without jeopardizing humanism. It argues that heuristics from African (Ubuntu) humanism can serve transhumanist goals. While transhumanism has attracted severe criticisms from bio‐conservatives, this article counterargues some salient objections. Drawing on an Ubuntu understanding of humanism, this article posits that the transhumanist vision of the posthuman does not threaten our humanity. Ubuntu humanism is shown to be supportive of transhumanism and can plausibly serve as a guide to protecting transhumanist trajectories from potential abuses. This article concludes that the embedded values of African humanism deserve to be taken seriously in galvanizing global trust in transhuman futures.
Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and Epstein–Barr virus: a complex relationship with diverse origins, expression and outcomes
Authors: El‐Mallawany Nader Kim , Curry Choladda V. , Allen Carl E. 
Published: June 2021

SummaryEpstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous herpesvirus with rare but severe potential for lymphoproliferative complications. EBV is associated with a variety of presentations of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). HLH is a life‐threatening hyperinflammatory syndrome that can occur in patients with genetic defects associated with dysregulation of the immune response (familial HLH) or arise in patients with underlying infection or malignancy (non‐familial or secondary HLH). EBV can both serve as the incidental trigger of familial HLH or as the driving factor in patients with selective inherited vulnerability (e.g. X‐linked lymphoproliferative disease). Alternatively, acute infection can idiosyncratically cause non‐neoplastic HLH in patients without inherited predisposition (i.e. secondary HLH), while EBV‐associated T/natural killer (NK)‐cell lymphoproliferative disorders and lymphomas can cause neoplasia‐associated HLH. The present review will discern between EBV‐associated familial and non‐familial HLH and highlight diagnostic and therapeutic considerations. Non‐familial EBV‐associated HLH is a major diagnostic dilemma, as it represents a diverse spectrum of disease ranging from highly curable (non‐neoplastic EBV‐HLH) to indolent but incurable (chronic active EBV) to acutely fatal (systemic EBV‐positive T‐cell lymphoma of childhood). Increased clinical awareness and understanding of this rare and potentially devastating subset of EBV‐related complications is desperately needed to improve survival for patients with neoplasia‐associated HLH.
The immune regulatory effects of tetrahedral framework nucleic acid on human T cells via the mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway
Authors: Liu Xuyang , Yu Zhiyuan , Wu Ya , Shi Sirong , Yao Jie , Feng Xiaorong , Wen Dingke , Shi Ziyan , Zhao Zhengyang , Li Yanjing , Zhou Hongyu , You Chao , Lin Yunfeng , Yang Mu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesAutoimmune diseases are a heterogeneous group of diseases which lose the immunological tolerance to self‐antigens. It is well recognized that irregularly provoked T cells participate in the pathological immune responses. As a novel nanomaterial with promising applications, tetrahedral framework nucleic acid (TFNA) nanostructure was found to have immune regulatory effects on T cells in this study.Materials and MethodsTo verify the successful fabrication of TFNA, the morphology of TFNA was observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and dynamic light scattering. The regulatory effect of TFNA was evaluated by flow cytometry after cocultured with CD3+ T cells isolated from healthy donors. Moreover, the associated signaling pathways were investigated. Finally, we verified our results on the T cells from patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), which is a typical autoimmune disease induced by T cells.ResultsWe revealed the alternative regulatory functions of TFNA in human primary T cells with steady status via the JNK signaling pathway. Moreover, by inhibiting both JNK and ERK phosphorylation, TFNA exhibited significant suppressive effects on IFNγ secretion from provoking T cells without affecting TNF secretion. Similar immune regulatory effects of TFNA were also observed in autoreactive T cells from patients with NMOSD.ConclusionsOverall, our results revealed a potential application of TFNA in regulating the adaptive immune system, as well as shed a light on the treatment of T cell–mediated autoimmune diseases.