bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Deification Was Rediscovered in Modern Orthodox Theology: The Contribution of Ivan Popov
Authors: Gavrilyuk Paul L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn contemporary scholarship, deification is so universally assumed to have been an abiding feature of the Eastern Orthodox tradition that it strains historical imagination to conceive of a time when the idea of deification would have been largely forgotten. This article demonstrates that the rediscovery of deification as a structurally indispensable concept of patristic thought was made by the Russian patristic scholar Ivan Popov in a trilogy of essays published in 1903‐1909. The article considers different cultural registers within which the deification motif surfaced in the nineteenth century: the Greek Philokalia and its Slavonic and Russian editions, Dostoevsky’s prophecy about the self‐divinization of humanity in revolutionary socialism, the Spiritual Diary of St. John of Krondstadt, and Vladimir Solovyov’s concept of Godmanhood. While these sources held a great potential for the theoretical development of deification, the importance of deification for Orthodox theology was not appreciated in nineteenth‐century Orthodox academic theology. The situation changed dramatically after Popov (who briefly studied with Harnack in Germany) published his essays arguing for the centrality of deification in patristic thought, providing a detailed analysis of the concept in the fourth‐century patristic authors (dwelling at length on Athanasius and the Macarian Homilies), and offering a taxonomy of the two main types of deification: realistic and idealistic. This article discusses Popov’s influence on Pavel Florensky, Sergei Epifanovich, Lev Karsavin, Georges Florovsky, Myrrha Lot‐Borodine, and Vladimir Lossky.
Epidemiological analysis of nail aspergillosis and non‐dermatophyte moulds. Criteria for the involvement of Aspergillus in 102 cases of onychomycosis at Montpellier University Hospital, France (1991–2019)
Authors: Laroche Laëtitia , Bourgeois Nathalie , Lachaud Laurence , Rispail Philippe 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundMoulds are often wrongly considered contaminants, not very sensitive to conventional antifungal treatments, but they may cause ungual hyphomycosis, particularly Aspergillus. Due to the lack of precise diagnostic criteria, their real impact is underestimated.ObjectivesRetrospective descriptive analysis of all ungual hyphomycosis cases diagnosed at Montpellier Hospital from 1991 to 2019 to: (i) determine the incidence of onychomycosis by pseudo‐dermatophytes and moulds; (ii) perform an epidemiological analysis of nail aspergillosis; and (iii) provide simple criteria for mould involvement in onychopathy.Patients/MethodsData concerning 4053 patients were collected: age, sex, onychomycosis location, direct examination results, species(s) identified and fungal co‐infections. Moreover, clinical data of patients with nail aspergillosis were analysed to identify potential contributing factors, and the classical criteria for mould involvement in onychopathy were critically reviewed.ResultsA pseudo‐dermatophyte or a mould was involved in nail colonisation in 17.25% of patients (men/women ratio: 0.70; mean age: 53.1 years). The identified hyphomycetes belonged mainly to the genera Fusarium (45.68%), Scopulariopsis (30.23%) and Aspergillus (16.94%). Analysis of the clinical reports of 102 patients with ungual aspergillosis (men/women ratio: 0.67; mean age: 56.3 years) identified cardiovascular (43.9%), endocrine (25.8%), cancer (19.7%) and skin (18.2%) diseases as contributing factors.ConclusionsThe adoption of simple and reliable criteria (ie, characteristic filaments on direct microscopic examination after periodic acid‐Schiff staining, growth at seeding points in culture) allows determining the formal involvement of a mould in chronic onychopathies and avoiding possible side effects and costs of empirical or inappropriate and repetitive treatments.
Theorising worker–client relations in front‐line service work: Understanding the experience of non‐professionally affiliated workers in UK mental health services
Authors: Procter Stephen , Harrison Deborah , Pearson Pauline , Dickinson Claire 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper contributes to a deeper understanding of front‐line service workers’ experience of the worker–client relationship. It is based on a series of in‐depth interviews with non‐professionally affiliated workers in new front‐line roles in UK mental health services. The findings cover three main areas: worker motivation and orientation; the nature of the worker–client relationship; and the role played in the relationship by the structure of work and relationships with colleagues. Evidence is found to support the use of the framework of Korczynski (Sociology, 43, 2009), but the research also suggests ways in which each of the framework's elements might be developed. It is argued that the idea of ‘caring’ is in need of refinement; that worker–client relations should not be seen solely in terms of client sovereignty and that a focus on the technical organisation of work can only go some way towards providing an understanding of the worker experience.
Circ‐E2F3 promotes cervical cancer progression by inhibiting microRNA‐296‐5p and increasing STAT3 nuclear translocation
Authors: Cao Xiangke , Ma Qinghua , Wang Bin , Qian Qingqiang , Xi Yinan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCircular RNA E2F transcription factor 3 (circ‐E2F3) has been demonstrated to be differentially expressed in some diseases and cancers. However, the role of circ‐E2F3 in cervical cancer (CC) progression remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism of circ‐E2F3 regulation of CC progression. Circ‐E2F3 expression was determined in CC samples, and its correlation with the clinicopathological characteristics of CC patients and cell biological processes was examined. The interaction among circ‐E2F3, microRNA‐296‐5p (miR‐296‐5p), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was analyzed by dual luciferase reporter gene and fluorescence in situ hybridization assays. Circ‐E2F3–depleted CaSki cells were implanted into nude mice to verify the function of circ‐E2F3 in vivo. Circ‐E2F3 was upregulated in both CC tissues and cell lines, and this correlated with the clinicopathological features and poor prognosis of CC patients. Moreover, circ‐E2F3 promoted the proliferation, invasion, and migration of CC cells and tumor growth in vivo. It was also observed that circ‐E2F3 promoted the nuclear translocation of STAT3 through inhibition of miR‐296‐5p, thus affecting the expression of cyclin D1. Taken together, the key findings of our study demonstrate that circ‐E2F3 induces inhibition of miR‐296‐5p, which triggers activation and nuclear translocation of STAT3 that then upregulates cyclin D1 expression.
Review of traction alopecia in the pediatric patient: Diagnosis, prevention, and management
Authors: Afifi Ladan , Oparaugo Nicole C. , Hogeling Marcia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHairstyles and practices that frequently apply tension to the hair follicle can result in traction alopecia (TA). Many of the hairstyles and hair practices associated with a higher risk of TA begin at a young age, making early intervention and education advantageous in the pediatric population. Recognizing TA at its reversible stage in the pediatric population is critical as early interventions, and counseling will prevent permanent scarring alopecia. While TA can affect any pediatric patient, this review highlights the reported literature on specific populations with a higher reported prevalence of TA.
Conflict heterogeneity in Africa
Authors: Chisadza Carolyn , Clance Matthew 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe economic development literature widely concurs that conflicts have adverse economic consequences that contribute to poverty, disinvestment and lower human capital leading to widespread inequality and lower economic growth. As such, understanding the nature of conflict has been an important focus for political leaders, policymakers and researchers alike. However, the existing literature does not typically distinguish between the effects of conflict determinants on conflicts by type of actor or aggressor (i.e. state, group and civilian‐based). Using panel data analysis for 46 African countries from 1997 to 2017, and a comprehensive geo‐referenced Armed Conflict Location and Event Data (ACLED) conflict dataset, we find evidence of variation in the determinants' effects on conflicts by actor types. For the full sample of countries, we find that military expenditure decreases civilian‐based conflicts; globalisation increases both state‐ and civilian‐based conflicts while state fragility increases group‐based conflicts. On the other hand, income per capita increases all three types of conflicts. At regional level, we find variation in the effects of military expenditure and globalisation on state‐ and civilian‐based conflicts. However, we find little variation in the effects of the determinants on group‐based conflicts across the regions. The findings highlight the nuances in conflicts by actor types and their causes which need to be accounted for when formulating conflict resolution policies.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of a diffusive consumer‐resource model with explicit spatial memory
Authors: Song Yongli , Shi Junping , Wang Hao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSpatial memory is inevitable in animal movement modeling but elusive in many classical models. A nonlocal integral term involving space is a traditional way to incorporate spatial memory, but the actual spatial memory should depend on past information so that delay naturally arises. We propose a new consumer‐resource model with random and memory‐based diffusions in which the resource species has no memory or cognition, whereas the consumer species has spatial memory. By using the memory‐based diffusion coefficient and the averaged memory period of the consumer as the control parameters, we find Hopf bifurcations and stability switches occur and spatially nonhomogeneous periodic solutions are generated. It is well known that prey‐taxis enhances the stability of a homogeneous coexistence state in a predator–prey system, and here we show that memory‐based prey‐taxis can destabilize a constant coexistence and generate complex spatiotemporal pattern formation. Using the obtained theoretical results, we study the impact of the memory‐based diffusion on the consumer‐resource dynamics with Holling type‐I and type‐II functional responses.
The ‘New Five Giants’—Conceptualising the challenges facing societal progress in the 21st century
Authors: Greener Ian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper takes an overview of the barriers to social progress 80 years on from the original Beveridge report (Beveridge, 1942). It argues we can identify and conceptualise five alternative ‘Giants’, relating these to social theory and social debates in the 21st century, and considering the prospects for progress against these new challenges. After considering Beveridge's original Giants in their context, it considers large‐scale theories of social change after 1942 and reviews what other ‘Giants’ writers have suggested in calls for a ‘new Beveridge’ and proposes inequality, preventable mortality, job quality, fragmenting democracy and environmental degradation as the most significant challenges we face, linking each to one of Beveridge's original Giants.
Assessing the performance of clinical diagnostic models for dehydration among patients with cholera and undernutrition in Bangladesh
Authors: Gainey Monique , Qu Kexin , Garbern Stephanie C. , Barry Meagan A. , Lee John Austin , Nasrin Sabiha , Monjory Mahmuda , Nelson Eric J. , Rosen Rochelle , Alam Nur H. , Schmid Christopher H. , Levine Adam C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveAccurately assessing dehydration severity is a critical step in reducing mortality from diarrhoea, but is complicated by cholera and undernutrition. This study seeks to assess the accuracy of two clinical diagnostic models for dehydration among patients over five years with cholera and undernutrition and compare their respective performance to the World Health Organization (WHO) algorithm.MethodsIn this secondary analysis of data collected from the NIRUDAK study, accuracy of the full and simplified NIRUDAK models for predicting severe and any dehydration was measured using the area under the Receiver Operator Characteristic curve (AUC) among patients over five with/without cholera and with/without wasting. Bootstrap with 1000 iterations was used to compare the m‐index for each NIRUDAK model to that of the WHO algorithm.ResultsA total of 2,139 and 2,108 patients were included in the nutrition and cholera subgroups respectively with an overall median age of 35 years (IQR = 42) and 49.6% female. All subgroups had acceptable discrimination in diagnosing severe or any dehydration (AUC > 0.60); though the full NIRUDAK model performed best among patients without cholera, with an AUC of 0.82 (95%CI:0.79, 0.85) and among patients without wasting, with an AUC of 0.79 (95%CI:0.76, 0.81). Compared with the WHO’s algorithm, both the full and simplified NIRUDAK models performed significantly better in terms of their m‐index (p < 0.001) for all comparisons, except for the simplified NIRUDAK model in the wasting group.ConclusionsBoth the full and simplified NIRUDAK models performed less well in patients over five years with cholera and/or wasting; however, both performed better than the WHO algorithm.
The Role of Chicken Egg Shell Nano Hydroxyapatite as Fillers on the Surface Hardness of Glass Ionomer Cement
Authors: Effendi Muhammad Chair , Pratiwi Ariyati Retno , Afifah Fatimah , Taufiq Ahmad 
Published: September 2021

Background In the last years, glass ionomer cement (GIC) has become an adhesive restorative material used to treat dental caries. However, GIC has relatively low surface hardness compared to other restorative materials that limit its performance.
Severe Accidents in Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactors: Computational Fluid Dynamics Sensitivity Studies on the Thermal Ablation of Core Catcher
Authors: Czarny Olivier , De L'Hortet Adrien Collin , Goreaud Nicolas 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The present work aims at testing the computational fluid dynamics capabilities to simulate erosion of materials which interact with a corium mass. The main foreseen application is the design of external/internal core catchers or in-vessel retentions devices used to mitigate severe accidents for sodium-cooled fast reactors. 2D axisymmetric simulations of a corium jet impinging a sacrificial solid material show evidence of a pool-effect, previously observed in experiments, which contributes to limit the ablation process. Complementary sensitivity calculations assess the influence of jet diameter, temperature, and velocity.
Electrification of Dielectric Satellites under the Influence of Electron Flows of the Earth’s Radiation Belts
Authors: Surkov V. V. , Mozgov K. S. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The effect of electron fluxes from the Earth’s radiation belts on satellites made of dielectric materials is studied theoretically. Spherical shaped nanosatellites of the BLITS and BLITS-M types are considered as a model. An analytical solution is obtained for the dependence of the electric field on the distance to the center of the satellite. Empirical formulas are used for the electron flux density and the track length in matter depending on the electron energy. The energy losses of incident electrons in the Debye shielding layer that surrounds the satellite, as well as the appearance of radiation conductivity in the surface layer of the dielectric, are taken into account. The reasons for the nonmonotonic dependence of the electric field on the satellite radius are established. Despite the fact that the electric field inside the satellite is smaller than the electrical breakdown threshold of the solid dielectric, it can be assumed that the dielectric micro-breakdown can occur in the surface layer of the dielectric and near inhomogeneities.
Synthesis of Poly(ester-graft-methyl methacrylate) on a Macroinitiator with Lateral Sulfonyl Chloride Groups by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization
Authors: Meleshko T. K. , Razina A. B. , Bogorad N. N. , Kurlykin M. P. , Kashina A. V. , Gofman I. V. , Ten’kovtsev A. V. , Yakimansky A. V. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
New polymer brushes with an ester backbone and poly(methyl methacrylate) side chains are synthesized by polycondensation and polymerization methods. The initiating groups are sulfonyl chloride groups laterally attached to the polyester chain. PMMA side chains are grafted by the ATRP method according to the “grafting from” multicenter macroinitiator strategy. The conditions for the polymerization processes in a controlled mode are selected, and the ways of targeted regulation of the degree of polymerization of methacrylate side chains are determined. Using the synthesized copolymers self-supporting films are obtained, and their physical and mechanical properties are studied.
Munch and optical coherence tomography: unravelling historical and artist applied varnish layers in painting collections
Authors: Ford Thierry , Iwanicka Magdalena , Platania Elena , Targowski Piotr , Hendriks Ella 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEffective care of large-scale museum collections requires planning that includes the conservation treatment of specific groups of art works, such as appropriate cleaning strategies. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been successfully applied as a non-invasive method for the stratigraphic visualisation of the uppermost transparent and semi-transparent layers in paintings, such as varnishes. Several OCT case study examples have further demonstrated the capabilities of the non-contact interferometric technique to measure the thickness of the various varnish layers, to help monitor cleaning and associated optical changes, and to detect past restorations. OCT was applied for the detection of varnishes to 13 paintings by Edvard Munch (1863–1944) owned by the Norwegian National Museum of Art. The paintings have a controversial and complex varnish history and are displayed as a group according to their acquisition legacy. A prototype high-resolution portable SdOCT instrument was used in combination with complementary imaging techniques. Questions concerning thickness, stratigraphy and the identification/location of the artist’s original varnish layers and/or pigmented glazes were addressed. Findings confirmed the complexity of the historical layers present and provided new evidence for Munch’s use of transparent and semi-transparent layers as part of an occasional, localised varnishing and/or glazing technique.
The $$^{27}\hbox {Al}(\hbox {p},\alpha )^{24}\hbox {Mg}$$ reaction at astrophysical energies studied by means of the Trojan Horse Method applied to the $$^2\hbox {H}(^{27}\hbox {Al},\alpha ^{24}\hbox {Mg})\hbox {n}$$ reaction
Authors: Palmerini S. , La Cognata M. , Hammache F. , Acosta L. , Alba R. , Burjan V. , Chávez E. , Cherubini S. , Cvetinović A. , D’Agata G. , de Séréville N. , Di Pietro A. , Figuera P. , Fülöp Z. , Gaitán De Los Rios K. , Guardo G. L. , Gulino M. , Hayakawa S. , Kiss G. G. , La Commara M. , Lamia L. , Maiolino C. , Manicó G. , Matei C. , Mazzocco M. , Mrazek J. , Parascandolo T. , Petruse T. , Pierroutsakou D. , Pizzone R. G. , Rapisarda G. G. , Romano S. , Santonocito D. , Sergi M. L. , Spartà R. , Tumino A. , Yamaguchi H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe $$^{27}\hbox {Al}(\hbox {p},\alpha )^{24}\hbox {Mg}$$

27

Al

(
p
,
α
)

24

Mg

reaction, which drives the destruction of $$^{27}$$

27

Al and the production of $$^{24}\hbox {Mg}$$

24

Mg

in stellar hydrogen burning, has been investigated via the Trojan Horse Method (THM), by measuring the $$^2\hbox {H}(^{27}\hbox {Al},\alpha ^{24}\hbox {Mg})\hbox {n}$$

2

H

(
27

Al
,

α
24

Mg
)

n

three-body reaction. The experiment covered a broad energy range ($$E_\mathrm{c.m.}\le \,1.5\,\hbox {MeV}$$

E

c
.
m
.

≤

1.5

MeV

), aiming to investigate those of interest for astrophysics. The results confirm the THM as a valuable technique for the experimental study of fusion reactions at very low energies and suggest the presence of a rich pattern of resonances in the energy region close to the Gamow window of stellar hydrogen burning (70–120 keV), with potential impact on astrophysics. To estimate such an impact a second run of the experiment is needed, since the background due the three-body reaction hampered to collect enough data to resolve the resonant structures and extract the reaction rate.
Cancer Etiology and Prevention Principle: “1 + X”
Authors: Liu Hui , Dong Zigang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCancer was previously thought to be an inevitable aspect of human health with no effective treatments. However, the results of in-depth cancer research suggest that most types of cancer may be preventable. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the disparities in cancer burden caused by different risk factors is essential to inform and improve cancer prevention and control. Here, we propose the cancer etiology and prevention principle “1 + X,” where 1 denotes the primary risk factor for a cancer and X represents the secondary contributing risk factors for the cancer. We elaborate upon the “1 + X” principle with respect to risk factors for several different cancer types. The “1 + X” principle can be used for precise prevention of cancer by eliminating the main cause of a cancer and minimizing the contributing factors at the same time.
Cardioneuroablation for Treatment of Atrioventricular Block
Authors: Aksu Tolga , Gopinathannair Rakesh , Bozyel Serdar , Yalin Kivanc , Gupta Dhiraj 
Published: September 2021

Background:
The contribution of autonomic influences to atrioventricular block (AVB) is unclear. Although cardioneuroablation has been used to treat cardioinhibitory vasovagal syncope, its role in treating functional paroxysmal and persistent AVB has not been formally evaluated.

Methods:
We used a stepwise protocol in 241 consecutive patients presenting with symptomatic AVB to identify 31 (12.9%) patients with functional or vagally mediated AVB. All patients had episode(s) of syncope in previous 12 months, and AVB was persistent in 17 (54.8%) patients. All 31 patients received targeted catheter-based cardioneuroablation, and their follow-up outcomes were evaluated with serial Holter monitoring.

Results:
Twenty-eight patients received biatrial or left-sided cardioneuroablation while 3 received only right-sided cardioneuroablation because of structural factors that precluded safe attempts at transseptal puncture. Procedural success, as defined as acute reversal of AVB and complete abolition of atropine response, was achieved in 30 (96.7%) cases, while the remaining patient received a pacemaker. Over a mean follow-up of 19.3±15 months, AVB episodes were observed in 2 (6.7%) of 30 cases, and 3 (9.6%) patients required pacemaker implantation during follow-up.

Conclusions:
Functional AVB can be identified in a minority of patients presenting with high-grade AVB. Cardioneuroablation for these patients results in encouraging medium-term outcomes.