bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extended depth-of-field projection method using a high-speed projector
with a synchronized oscillating variable-focus lens
Authors: Xu Hongjin , Wang Lihui , Tabata Satoshi , Watanabe Yoshihiro , Ishikawa Masatoshi 
Published: April 2021

For a projector-based virtual reality (VR) or augmented reality (AR)
display, a large depth of field and a high-speed image refresh rate
are important keys to improve the projector’s performance. Here, we
propose a solution that extends the depth of field of the projection
using a variable-focus lens and a high-speed projector as well as a
control method that synchronizes oscillation of the variable-focus
lens with the high-speed projector. The experiment confirms that the
proposed system can project the well-focused and dynamically
changeable contents on six different planes. Its projection range
varies from 0.3 m to 1.5 m, and the refresh rate is 166.7 Hz.
Simultaneous measurement of temperature and relative humidity based on a twisted microfiber coated with nanomaterials
Authors: Sun Dandan , Xu Shaomin , Liu Shan , Fu Yongming , Ma Jie 
Published: April 2021

We propose a twisted microfiber interferometer sensor coated with boron nitride (BN) nanosheets for simultaneous measurement of relative humidity (RH) and temperature (

T

). Sensitive material characteristics (BN nanosheets) enhance refractive index (RI) sensing sensitivity of proposed devices. A twisting process on the microfiber surely improves the evanescent field interaction with the deposited layer. The experimental results show that the RH sensitivities are

−

121.6

p
m

/

%

R
H

and 0.26 dBm/%RH for humidity range from 46% to 72% and

T

sensitivities of 23.5 pm/°C and

−

0.045

d
B
m

/

∘

C

from 50°C to 90°C. The twisted microfiber interferometer has the advantages of compact structure, high sensitivity, and multiparameter measurement, which has certain potential for more applications.
Clinical outcomes of a community clinic-based lifestyle change program for prevention and management of metabolic syndrome: Results of the ‘Vida Sana/Healthy Life’ program
Authors: Risica Patricia Markham , McCarthy Meghan L. , Barry Katherine L. , Oliverio Susan P. , Gans Kim M. , De Groot Anne S. 
Published: April 2021

Introduction
As US Hispanic populations are at higher risk than non-Hispanics for cardiovascular disease and Type 2 diabetes targeted interventions are clearly needed. This paper presents the four years results of the Vida Sana Program (VSP), which was developed and is implemented by a small clinic serving mostly Spanish-speaking, limited literacy population.

Methods
The eight-week course of interactive two-hour sessions taught by Navegantes, bilingual/cultural community health workers, was delivered to participants with hypertension, or high lipids, BMI, waist circumference, glucose or hemoglobin A1C (A1C). Measures, collected by Navegantes and clinic nurses, included blood chemistries, blood pressure, anthropometry, and an assessment of healthy food knowledge.

Results
Most participants (67%) were female, Hispanic (95%), and all were 18 to 70 years of age. At baseline, close to half of participants were obese (48%), had high waist circumference (53%), or elevated A1C (52%), or fasting blood glucose (57%). About one third had high blood pressure (29%) or serum cholesterol (35%), and 22% scored low on the knowledge assessment. After the intervention, participants decreased in weight (-1.0 lb), BMI (-0.2 kg/m2), WC (-0.4 inches), and cholesterol (-3.5 mg/dl, all p<0.001). Systolic blood pressure decreased (-1.7 mm Hg, p<0.001), and the knowledge score increased (6.8 percent, p<0.001).

Discussion
VSP shows promising improvements in metabolic outcomes, similar to other programs with longer duration or higher intensity interventions. VSP demonstrates an important model for successful community-connected interventions.
Polyethylene eye-cover versus artificial teardrops in the prevention of ocular surface diseases in comatose patients: A prospective multicenter randomized triple-blinded three-arm clinical trial
Authors: Khatiban Mahnaz , Moradi Amin Hamid , Falahinia Gholamhosein , Moghimbeigi Abbas , Yadollahi Mehran 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundPolyethylene covers are claimed to be useful in preventing ocular surface diseases (OSD); however, evidence of their clinical efficacy is limited. This clinical trial aimed to compare the use of polyethylene eye covers and artificial teardrops versus normal saline on the incidence and severity of OSD in comatose patients.MethodsOf 90 eligible patients randomly assigned to three treatment groups, 79 patients completed the study, In group A, patients (n = 25) received artificial teardrops for left and normal saline for right eyes, in group B (n = 29) polyethylene covers for left and normal saline for right eyes, and in group C (n = 25) polyethylene covers for left and artificial teardrops for right eyes. As the patients were comatose, their blinding did not applicable, and a blinded observer evaluated the patients’ eyes based on the Corneal Fluorescein Staining Pattern. The blinded analyzer analyzed collected data by SPSS-16 software at a 95% confidential level.ResultsThe OSDs were observed in 65 (41.14%) out of 158 eyes examined. The artificial teardrop was more effective than the normal saline in group A, polyethylene eye cover was more useful than the normal saline in group B, and polyethylene eye cover was more effective than the artificial teardrop in group C in reducing the incidence of OSD (p< 0.01). Polyethylene eye covers had the most impact on reducing the severity of the OSD compared to the other interventions (p< .001).ConclusionsPolyethylene eye covers significantly reduced the incidence and severity of OSD. Using polyethylene cover is suggested as a safe, effective, and accessible eye care intervention for preventing OSD in comatose patients.Trial registration(IRCT201609129014N115), Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials.
Impact of being an adolescent mother on subsequent maternal health, parenting, and child development in Kenyan low-income and high adversity informal settlement context
Authors: Kumar Manasi , Huang Keng Yen 
Published: April 2021

Background
Women who have experienced adolescent pregnancy and early motherhood are disproportionately affected in terms of their health and parenting capabilities, as well as their offspring’s health. Guided by Stress Process and Social Determinants of Health (SDH) Frameworks, which posit that multiple sources of stressors and structural determinants of adolescent pregnancy influence adolescent mothers’ subsequent health and quality of parenting (Xavier et al 2018, McLoyd 1998, Conger et al 2010, Gipson et al 2008). These dynamics then further impact offspring’s outcomes. Using an Integrated Stress-SDH Process for Health Disparities model and we test on whether early motherhood is associated with and subsequent maternal and child health from two informal settlements in Nairobi.

Methods
A cross-sectional design with 394 mothers of 2–16 years old children who sought maternal and child health services at Kariobangi and Kangemi public health centers between October 2015 to April 2016 were recruited. Participating mothers were asked questions related to their adolescent pregnancy history, their current health, wellbeing, and parenting practices, and their child’s health. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was utilized to examine hypothesized mediational pathways that adolescent pregnancy history has negative influences on women’s health and parenting during adulthood, which also influence their child’s health and development.

Results
Our study supports that women with a history of adolescent motherhood have poor physical and mental health outcomes as adults after adjusting for demographic confounders. SEM results partially support the Stress-SDH Process model that history of adolescent pregnancy had negative consequences on women’s adulthood health, which also negatively impacted offspring’s physical and mental health.

Conclusion
Consistent with the Stress Process and SDH literature, we found consistent cross-cultural literature that adolescent pregnancy set the stage for, subsequent poor maternal health and child outcomes. Although history of adolescent pregnancy and motherhood was not necessarily associated with negative parenting, consistent with parenting literature, negative parenting was associated with poor child mental health. Findings suggest importance of providing integrated care that address health and parenting needs to optimize offspring’s development in instances of early motherhood.
A comprehensive analysis of COVID-19 transmission and mortality rates at the county level in the United States considering socio-demographics, health indicators, mobility trends and health care infrastructure attributes
Authors: Bhowmik Tanmoy , Tirtha Sudipta Dey , Iraganaboina Naveen Chandra , Eluru Naveen 
Published: April 2021

Background
Several research efforts have evaluated the impact of various factors including a) socio-demographics, (b) health indicators, (c) mobility trends, and (d) health care infrastructure attributes on COVID-19 transmission and mortality rate. However, earlier research focused only on a subset of variable groups (predominantly one or two) that can contribute to the COVID-19 transmission/mortality rate. The current study effort is designed to remedy this by analyzing COVID-19 transmission/mortality rates considering a comprehensive set of factors in a unified framework.

Methods and findings
We study two per capita dependent variables: (1) daily COVID-19 transmission rates and (2) total COVID-19 mortality rates. The first variable is modeled using a linear mixed model while the later dimension is analyzed using a linear regression approach. The model results are augmented with a sensitivity analysis to predict the impact of mobility restrictions at a county level. Several county level factors including proportion of African-Americans, income inequality, health indicators associated with Asthma, Cancer, HIV and heart disease, percentage of stay at home individuals, testing infrastructure and Intensive Care Unit capacity impact transmission and/or mortality rates. From the policy analysis, we find that enforcing a stay at home order that can ensure a 50% stay at home rate can result in a potential reduction of about 33% in daily cases.

Conclusions
The model framework developed can be employed by government agencies to evaluate the influence of reduced mobility on transmission rates at a county level while accommodating for various county specific factors. Based on our policy analysis, the study findings support a county level stay at home order for regions currently experiencing a surge in transmission. The model framework can also be employed to identify vulnerable counties that need to be prioritized based on health indicators for current support and/or preferential vaccination plans (when available).
A randomized controlled trial of high volume simethicone to improve visualization during capsule endoscopy
Authors: Sey Michael , Yan Brian , McDonald Cassandra , Segal Dan , Friedland Joshua , Puka Klajdi , Jairath Vipul 
Published: April 2021

Background
The optimal dose of simethicone before capsule endoscopy is unknown. Prior studies have reported inconsistent cleansing, with some showing improved visualization only in the proximal small intestine. We hypothesized a higher volume of simethicone may improve cleansing and diagnostic yield, especially in the distal small bowel.

Methods
A phase III randomized controlled trial was conducted comparing high volume (1125 mg simethicone in 750 ml water) versus standard volume (300 mg simethicone in 200 ml water) solutions, both at 1.5 mg/ml. The primary outcome was adequate bowel preparation, defined as a KOrea-CanaDA (KODA) score >2.25, overall and stratified by the proximal and distal half of the small bowel. Secondary outcomes included mean KODA score, diagnostic yield, completion rate, and adverse events. All analyses were intention-to-treat.

Results
A total of 167 patients were randomized (mean (SD) age 58.7 (15.7), 54% female) and the most common indication was obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (71.7%). Adequate cleansing was achieved in 39 (50%) patients in the high volume group and in 39 (48%) patients in the standard volume group (RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.76–1.43, p = 0.82), with no differences observed in the proximal half (71% vs 64%, p = 0.40) or the distal half -of the small bowel (36% vs. 37%, p = 0.88). There was no differences in the mean (SD) KODA score (2.20 (0.41) vs. 2.18 (0.44), p = 0.73), diagnostic yields (53% vs. 56%, p = 0.71), or completion rates (both 95%). One adverse event, nausea, occurred in the control group.

Conclusion
High volume simethicone does not improve visualization during capsule endoscopy.

Clinical trial registration
Clinical trial: NCT02334631.
EL NUEVO PANORAMA DE LOS SABERES DE LA EDUCACIÓN: DEBATES, ESTUDIOS Y PROPUESTAS (1950 - 1990)
Authors: Rico Antón Costa 
Published: April 2021

La construcción del conocimiento pedagógico tendrá lugar
progresivamente a través de la pluridisciplinariedad y la
interdisciplinariedad de las ciencias de la educación. En este
escenario se rompen las pespectivas tradicionales de fuerte
ascendiente filosófica, para dar paso a una elaboración realizada
con el concurso de las ciencias sociales, si bien se partía de un rico legado aportado por importantes contribuciones filosóficas,
psicológicas, experimentales y empíricas. El conocimiento
elaborado es extraordinario y diversificado, en cuanto a los
discursos y a las prácticas en distintos ámbitos de preocupación,
lo que se tradujo en su especialización y en su fragmentación, al
punto de hacer hoy dificil la construcción de una epistemología
del discurso pedagógico, un saber fragil, complejo, en
transformación y con falta de perfiles nítidos, como seÃ±aló el
profesor Jaume Trilla. En estas circunstancias hemos seleccionado como lineas de fuerza aquellas que tienen que ver con el desarrollo de la educac ión auspiciado desde la sociología política y la sociología de la educación, o desde la teo ía económica; nos hemos acercado al pragmatismo y al conductualismo; nos referimos a las propuestas anti-autoritarias; recorremos lo esencial de la psicología
costructiva y cognitiva, y volvemos la mirada hacia la tesis del conocimiento como construcción social, para , finalmente, referirnos a las concepciones curriculares, y a la teoría y práctica docente. A
su alrededor se han ido organizando los distintos campos y
manifestaciones teóricas y metodológicas de las ciencias de la
educación, con sus conclusiones y distintas aplicaciones.
A New Age of Photography: ‘DIY Digitization’ in Manuscript Studies
Authors: Wakelin Daniel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSincec.2008 many special collections libraries have allowed researchers to take photographs of medieval manuscripts: this article calls such self-service photography ‘DIY digitization’. The article considers some possible effects of this digital tool for research on book history, especially on palaeography, comparing it in particular to the effects of institutionally-led digitization. ‘DIY digitization’ does assist with access to manuscripts, but less easily and with less open data than institutional digitization does. Instead, it allows the researcher’s intellectual agenda to guide the selection of what to photograph. The photographic process thereby becomes part of the process of analysis. Photography by the researcher is therefore limited by subjectivity but it also helps to highlight the role of subjective perspectives in scholarship. It can also balance a breadth or depth of perspective in ways different from institutional digitization. It could in theory foster increased textual scholarship but in practice has fostered attention to the materiality of the text.
Effects of eight weeks exercise training on serum levels of adropin in male volleyball players
Authors: Afşin Abdulmecit , Bozyılan Eren , Asoğlu Ramazan , Yavuz Fethi , Dündar Aykut 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the effects of an eight week exercise program on the lipid profile in serum, serum levels of adropin, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in male volleyball players.

Methods
Sixteen healthy male volleyball players participated in this study. Subjects performed eight weeks of aerobic and resistance training, and body mass index (BMI), body fat ratio, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), adropin, SBP, and DBP values were measured at the start (untrained) and end (trained) of training. Non-HDL-C was calculated by subtracting HDL-C from TC.

Results
Body fat percentage and BMI values decreased significantly after eight weeks of exercise training. There was a statistically significant decrease in the post-test values of LDL-C, TG, non-HDL-C, and DBP compared to pre-test measurements. There was a significant increase in the trained levels of adropin and HDL-C compared to untrained levels. Pearson’s correlation analyses revealed a negative and significant relationship between changes in DBP and adropin levels before and after exercise.

Conclusions
Eight weeks of exercise training decreased LDL-C, TG, non-HDL-C, and DBP and an increased serum levels of adropin in male volleyball players.
A study of the freeze-drying process and quality evaluation of Angelica sinensis
Authors: Haizhu Zhang , Zheng Luyao , Zhang Xingying , Cui Xiuming , Wang Chengxiao , Qu Yuan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The freeze-drying process of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels was studied and evaluated. Using a single factor investigation, drying temperature and pressure were determined as the main factors affecting the drying process. The central composite design (CCD) combined with response surface method was employed to optimize the drying process. Optimal conditions were determined to be 52 Pa, 63 °C, and a slice thickness of 5 mm. Subsequently, samples were compared in terms of chemical constituents, microstructure, and in vitro absorption profiles under different drying operations. The freeze-drying process was effective for the preservation of ferulic acid (1.82 mg/g), Z-ligustilide (13.91 mg/g), and other compositions. The porous and loose characteristic structure enabled rapid release of ferulic acid (71%, 60 min) and Z-ligustilide (32%, 60 min). Therefore, the freeze-drying method is a reasonable and efficient drying method for the dehydration of A. sinensis.
Eliminating plasticity effects in the measurement of residual stress by using the hole-drilling method
Authors: Gu Ying , Ren Songbo , Kong Chao , Gu Song 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
When the hole-drilling method is used to measure residual stress, plasticity effects occur if the residual stress exceeds 60 % of the yield stress. Plasticity effects result in an overestimation of the residual stress as the hole-drilling method is based on the linear elastic behavior of materials. To overcome this problem, a simplified iterative method based on an existing iterative method and using the optimizer tools of the ANSYS program is proposed in this paper. The proposed method is verified through numerical and experimental studies. The numerical case study reveals that, for the case studied, the proposed method can achieve the same accuracy as the original iterative method and has a higher convergence ability. The experimental study demonstrates that the values of the maximum principal stress calculated using the American Society of Testing Materials standard is generally greater than the true values and that the error magnitude increases with an increase in stress levels. Using the proposed method, errors are reduced for the maximum principal stress while increasing slightly for the minimum principal stress. The proposed method has a high convergence ability; for the case studied, only two or three iterations are needed to achieve acceptable accuracy.
Effects of mixed acid solution on bromide epoxy vinyl ester and its glass fiber reinforced composites
Authors: Huang Lingli , Hou Ruigang , Liu Yujian , Shang Qidong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
As fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) have been increasingly widely used, they may sometimes come into contact with several corrosive media simultaneously, for example, the condensate in the smokestack liners of coal-fired power FGD systems. To study the long-term performance and degradation mechanism of FRP in these complicated environments, an accelerated aging test of bromide epoxy vinyl ester (Br-VE) and its glass fiber reinforced composites (GF/VE) in a mixed acid solution(H2SO4, HNO3, HF and HCl) at three different temperatures(25, 55 and 80 °C) for 180 days was carried out. Weight changes, flexural properties, Fourier transforming infrared spectra (FTIR), dynamic thermal mechanical (DMA), macroscopic and microscopic morphology were investigated. Results showed that immersion temperature has important effects on the corrosion behavior of specimens. The long-term weight change behavior of GF/VE at normal temperature was in accordance with Fick’s second law, but deviated at higher temperature. Flexural properties of GF/VE declined more drastically than those of Br-VE at elevated temperatures. The Tg of GF/VE decreased with rising temperatures. Results also indicted that Br-VE and GF/VE manifested varied degradation mechanisms when subject to the same mixed acid medium immersion. The degradation of GF/VE mainly involved plasticization, embrittlement, the hydrolysis of resin, an ion exchange between HF, H+ and Si-O-Si or alkali metal of the fiber as well as the debonding of the resin/fiber interface.
Comparative investigation of the moth-flame algorithm and whale optimization algorithm for optimal spur gear design
Authors: Abderazek Hammoudi , Hamza Ferhat , Yildiz Ali Riza , Sait Sadiq M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this study, two recent algorithms, the whale optimization algorithm and moth-flame optimization, are used to optimize spur gear design. The objective function is the minimization of the total weight of the spur gear pair. Moreover, the optimization problem is subjected to constraints on the main kinematic and geometric conditions as well as to the resistance of the material of the gear system. The comparison between moth-flame optimization (MFO), the whale optimization algorithm (WOA), and previous studies indicate that the final results obtained from both algorithms lead to a reduction in gear weight by 1.05 %. MFO and the WOA are compared with four additional swarm algorithms. The experimental results indicate that the algorithms introduced here, in particular MFO, outperform the four other methods when compared in terms of solution quality, robustness, and high success rate.