bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of Stress and Strain in 2219 Aluminum Alloy Ring During Roll-Bending Process
Authors: Gong Hai , Tang Hua , Zhang Tao , Dei Fei , Liu Xiaolong , Wu Yunxin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The large quenched residual stress of large-scale aluminum alloy ring component induces severe deformation in the subsequent maching process. The conventional methods for reduction of residual stress (such as stepwise cold pressing and bulging) have little effect in the residual stress reduction for large-scale ring component and will induce inhomogeneous stress distribution. In this paper, roll bending process is adopted to reduce the quenched residual stress of 2219 aluminum alloy super-large ring. The numerical model of roll bending process was established, and the evolution and distribution of stress and strain after roll bending were studied. The influence of roll winding number on the uniformity of stress and strain was analyzed. The results show that the arch-shaped quenched residual stress of the ring changes to N-shaped distribution from inside to outside after roll bending process. The value of the residual stress reduces from ±180MPa in quenched state to the value within ±50MPa in roll bended state. With the increase of roll winding number, the stress uniformity is improved, but the stress reduction amplitude is basically the same. By analyzing the elastic-plastic strain distribution characteristics and strain springback law of the ring after roll bending, the formation mechanism of N-shaped residual stress distribution after roll bending is revealed.
Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Surface Soil of Qinghai Lake Area Based on Occurrence Forms
Authors: Wang Ruojin , Shao Tianjie , Wei Peiru , Chen Zongyan , Fu Gejuan , Ma Shumiao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the content and speciation of Cd, Cr, Pb, As, Cu, Zn and Ni in 87 groups of soil samples collected by grid method were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry, to explore the speciation characteristics and ecological risk status of heavy metals in surface soil around Qinghai Lake. The results show that: Cd and Pb, compared with Cr, As, Cu, Zn and Ni, in the surface soil around Qinghai Lake are the most seriously polluted, Heavy metal speciation analysis showed that the proportion of weak acid soluble components of Cd was relatively high, with strong mobility and high environmental risk. The reducible components of Zn and Pb account for a relatively high proportion, while the oxidizable components of Cu, Cd and Pb account for a relatively high proportion. The high percentage of residual Cr, Ni and As indicates that they are relatively stable. The extractable content of Cd, Pb and Zn is relatively high, and their activities are strong, which have a great impact on the food chain. The results of Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry and the ratio of secondary phase and primary phase showed that Cd and Pb had more serious ecological risk than other heavy metals. According to the results of soil speciation and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals around Chinese and foreign lakes, although the speciation characteristics of heavy metals are different, the pollution of Cd is relatively large. To sum up, heavy metal pollution in soil around Qinghai Lake area has occurred, and there is a serious ecological risk, so it is urgent to take corresponding monitoring and formulate treatment plan.
A Novel Approach to the Prediction of Biomagnification Factors Based on Molecular Structure Images
Authors: Zhang Ming Cai , Zhu Ling , Zhai Hong Lin , Bi Ke Xin , Zhao Bing Qiang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Although biomagnification factor (BMF) is an important index of pollutants in food chains, its experimental determination is quite tedious. In this contribution, as the feature information, Tchebichef moments (TMs) were calculated directly from the molecular structural images, and then stepwise regression was employed to establish the prediction model of the logBMF. The proposed approach was applied to the logBMF prediction of organochlorine pollutants, and the correlation coefficient with leave-one-out cross-validation (Rcv) of the obtained model was 0.96, and the root mean square error (RMSEp) for the external independent test set was 0.21. Compared with traditional two-dimensional (2D) quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) as well as the reported method, the proposed approach was more simple, accurate and reliable. This study not only obtained the satisfactory prediction model for organochlorine pollutants, but also provided another effective approach to QSPR research.
Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities Mediate the Radioprotective Effect of Trianthema Portulacastrum L. Extracts
Authors: Das Uttam , Saha Tanmay , Sharma Reshma Kumari , Maurya Dharmendra Kumar , Ray Partho Sarothi , Das Subir Kumar 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) which leads to oxidative stress and often leads to inflammatory responses in organisms. Trianthema portulacastrum L., a plant commonly growing in India, is rich in antioxidant phytochemicals which is responsible for scavenging free radicals, and may provide radio-protective and anti-inflammatory effects in response to ionizing radiation. The effect of T. portulacastrum extracts was studied in hepatic cells, which are susceptible to radiation-induced damage, and in macrophages which are the primary inflammatory cells of the body. T. portulacastrum stem extracts showed efficient free radical scavenging activity in hepatocytes and reduction of radiation-induced lipid peroxidation in cell and mitochondrial membranes. Treatment of irradiated cells with T. portulacastrum stem extracts enhanced cell viability, although at higher concentrations there was reduction in cell viability. Treatment with low concentration of T. portulacastrum stem extract also reduced cellular ROS generation and increased cellular concentration of the anti-oxidant glutathione. T. portulacastrum extracts also showed a marked anti-inflammatory effect in macrophages activated by the inflammatory agonist bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by reducing inflammatory gene expression and nitric oxide (NO) production, and increasing glutathione content. LPS treatment lowered expression of Nrf2, a transcription factor involved in regulation of multiple anti-oxidant genes, while treatment with low concentration of T. portulacastrum stem extract significantly restored it. Together, these observations demonstrated a potential radioprotective role of T. portulacastrum extract mediated by both its antioxidant activity on hepatic epithelial cells and its anti-inflammatory activity on immune cells
The Neuroprotective and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Annona Muricata (Graviola) on Radiation-Induced Rat Sciatic Nerve Injury.
Authors: Keskin Emrah , Elmas Özlem , Şahin Havva Hande Keser , Tönge Çağhan , Günaydın Ahmet 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: In radiotherapy (RT) exposure area, normal tissues are also affected that may cause serious complications in the patients. This study aimed to evaluate Annona muricata’s radioprotective effects on sciatic nerve injury due to ionizing radiation (IR). Methods and Results: 32 adult female Wistar albino rats separated into 4 equal groups; Control (C), Annona muricata leaf extracts (AME), radiation (RAD), radiation and Annona muricata leaf extracts (AME+RAD). In groups AME and AME+RAD, Annona muricata leaf extracts were administered at a dose of 300 mg/kg for the first day and 50 mg/kg everyday for following one week intraperitoneally. In RAD and AME+RAD, rats were exposed to a single dose of 20 Gray IR to their right legs. All the subjects were sacrified at the end of the first month. Oxidative stress biochemical parameters (SOD, CAT and GPx) from blood samples were analyzed. Right sciatic nerves extracted and histomorphology evaluated. Statistically significant vasculature, degenerative and necrotic changes were observed in RAD, compared to C and AME (p<0,01). Swelling in myelin sheath was predominantly seen in RAD. Alterations in the level of CAT (p<0,01), SOD (p<0,01) and GPx (p<0,05) in AME+RAD group compared to RAD group were found to be statistically significant.Conclusion: Our study unveiled that AM could have a potential of biochemically and histomorphology healing on sciatic nerve injury due to ionizing radiation.
Effect of Surfactant on the Formation of Chitosan/ε-Polycaprolactone Blend Films for Food Packaging Applications
Authors: Gomes Ana Catarina Damasceno , Silva Karoline Ferreira , Freitas Anderson Junior , Miranda Kelvi Wilson Evaristo , Santos Taline Amorim , Borges Soraia Vilela , Dias Marali Vilela , Thomazi Adriana Coatrini 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop and characterize chitosan-ε-polycaprolactone (CHI/PCL) polymer blends with Tween 80 as a compatibilizer for application in packaging. The blends were produced by casting, with up to 10% (w/w) PCL in the CHI matrix. These blends were characterized in terms of their microstructure, chemical interactions, mechanical and thermal properties, solubility and water vapor permeability (WVP). The micrographs showed microsphere-like structures from the PCL in the continuous phase of CHI. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated a high interaction between CHI amino groups and PCL carbonyls, resulting in blends with greater ductility than the pure CHI film, thus providing greater flexibility. In the crystallinity analyses, the presence of PCL favored an increase in crystalline regions, limiting the passage of light. Given the results, blends are an alternative for application in multilayer systems and can be considered for use as a biodegradable fraction in food packaging.
Root Structure and Function of Grapevine Rootstocks (Vitis) in Response io Salinity
Authors: Lupo Yaniv , Schlisser Alon , Dong Shuo , Rachmilevitch Shimon , Fait Aaron , Lazarovitch Naftali 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose

Accessing freshwater resources becomes more complex in arid and semi-arid areas due to increased demands and declining water quality. Alternative water sources for agriculture such as saline and recycled water are currently being used. A better understanding of roots' response to irrigation with saline water is crucial for future agriculture in arid and semi-arid areas.
Methods

Three grapevine (Vitis) rootstocks were examined, and their roots' responses to salinity were studied. The rootstocks were planted in pots filled with sand and were grown in a commercial net house subjected to two salinity treatments: 10 mM and 30 mM NaCl (EC = 2 and 4 ds m-1, respectively). We measured root morphologic and anatomic properties at the end of the experiment.
Results

The specific root area increased in response to salinity due to reduced root tissue density. In addition, a reduction in the average root diameter also affected the specific root area by increasing the surface area to volume ratio. Plant biomass was allocated primarily to the shoot in all three rootstocks, reducing the root to shoot ratio. At the same time, the bottom part of the root zone was more affected by salinity. SO4 showed improved chloride and sodium exclusion, concomitant with a significant increase in its narrow roots' contribution to the surface area.
Conclusion

Narrow roots play a more prominent role in the acquisition of water and nutrients as salinity increases. Furthermore, a decrease in root tissue density and average diameter may contribute to salt exclusion from the roots.
Establishment of A Piglet Model for Peritoneal Metastasis of Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Lee Eun Ji , Park Soo Jin , Seol Aeran , Lim Hyunji , Mun Jaehee , lee Jeesun , Kim Woojeong , Park Sumin , Ahn Ji Yeon , Lim Jeong Mook , Kim Hee Seung 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: A piglet model for peritoneal metastasis (PM) of ovarian cancer was developed. It will contribute to the establishment of innovative chemotherapeutical and surgical strategies without any limitation of rodent models.Methods: A total of 12 four- to five-week-old piglets of 7 to 8 kg were used. Two phases of ovarian cancer cell injections were performed with a laparoscopic surgery. In phase I trial, 5.0×106 SK-OV-3 cells in 0.1 ml suspension were inoculated into the omentum, peritoneum, and uterine horns of two piglets twice with a one-week interval. In the phase II trial, 5.0×106 SNU-008 cells in 0.1 ml suspension were injected only into uterine horns with the same time frame because tumor implantation after inoculation of SK-OV-3 cells was not observed at the omentum or peritoneum in the phase I trial. Modified peritoneal cancer index (PCI) score was used to monitor tumorigenesis up to four weeks after inoculation. Tumor tissues disseminated in the peritoneum at four weeks after injection were used for histological examination with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and paired-box gene 8 (PAX-8) staining.Results: In the phase I trial, two piglets showed PM with modified PCI scores of 5 and 4 at three weeks after the first inoculation, which increased to 14 and 15 after four weeks, respectively. In the phase II trial, PM was detected in eight of ten piglets, which showed modified PCI scores of 6 to 12 at four weeks after the first inoculation. The overall incidence of PM from the total of 12 piglets after inoculation was 75%. Metastatic tumors were confirmed by immunohistochemical H&E and PAX-8 staining. Conclusions: This study provides strong evidence that piglets can be employed as a model for PM by inoculating ovarian cancer cells form humans. Using two cell lines the PM rate is 75%.
Quantitative Analysis of Macroscopic Solute Transport in the Murine Brain
Authors: Ray Lori A , Pike Martin , Simon Matthew , Iliff Jeffrey J , Heys Jeffrey J 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Understanding molecular transport in the brain is critical to care and prevention of neurological disease and injury. A key question is whether transport occurs primarily by diffusion, or also by convection or dispersion. Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI offers a whole-brain view of transport and the potential for quantitative analysis to determine fundamental transport parameters. However, few DCE-MRI studies have utilized this potential, instead reporting parameters with arbitrary units disconnected from fundamental transport processes. Methods: In this work, DCE-MRI experimental data is combined with subject-specific finite-element models to quantify transport parameters in different anatomical regions across the whole mouse brain. Effective diffusivity ( ), a transport parameter combining all mechanisms of transport, is determined for each region by minimizing the root mean square error between simulations and data. The resulting sets are compared to apparent diffusivity ( ) to draw conclusions about dominant transport mechanisms in each region. Results: In the perivascular regions of major arteries, was over 10,000 times greater than . In the brain tissue, constituting interstitial space and the perivascular space of smaller blood vessels, was 10-25 times greater than .Conclusions: The analysis concludes that convection is present throughout the brain. Convection is dominant in the perivascular space of major surface and branching arteries (Pe > 10,000) and significant to large molecules (>1 kDa) in the combined interstitial space and perivascular space of smaller arteries (not resolved by DCE-MRI). Importantly, this work supports periarterial convection along penetrating and smaller arteries.
Adapting to COVID-19 in Bangladesh: “It felt like the sky fell apart and we were in shock”
Authors: Nandonik Ahmed Jojan , Pooja Shangjucta Das , Kabir Zarina Nahar , Williams Shoshannah 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

The COVID-19 epidemic has especially impacted the urban population in Bangladesh. Despite the illness impacts not only the patient but also other members in the family, studies on COVID-19 have primarily focused on the patient’s perspective. It is important to understand the experience of family members who adopt caregiving roles. This study aimed to explore the challenges, preventative practices, health-seeking behaviour, and navigating the health care system from the perspective of family members of persons who had recovered from COVID-19 during its initial outbreak in Bangladesh.
Methods

Participants of this qualitative study were family members (n = 7) of persons who had recovered from COVID-19 (either suspected or confirmed) and received treatment either at home, in a hospital or isolation centre. Data for the study was collected through in-depth interviews over telephone using a semi-structured interview guide. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.
Results

Analysis revealed three key themes: changes in everyday practices and choice of health care, challenges and constraints, and unexpected positive outcomes. All the themes had temporal dimension to them with four distinct phases: early stage of COVID-19, strict lockdown phase, COVID-19 diagnosis and illness period, and post COVID-19 recovery.
Conclusion

The importance of maintaining social contact for psychological wellbeing during critical times was evident in the study. Online communication and social media enabled participants to remain ‘socially connected’ rather than ‘socially distanced’, which further supported their mental health during the healing process. Increased attention to hygiene practices both before, during and subsequent to COVID-19 infections within families was reported. The recommendation of physical distancing in case of suspected or confirmed case of COVID-19 was found logistically and socially impractical in a densely populated city.
Black carbon aerosol number and mass concentration measurements by picosecond short-range elastic backscatter lidar
Authors: Ceolato Romain , Bedoya-Velasquez Andres , Fossard Frederic , Mouysset Vincent , Paulien Lucas , Lefebvre Sidonie , Mazzoleni Claudio , Sorensen Christopher , Berg Matthew , Yon Jerome 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Black carbon aerosol emissions are recognized as contributors to global warming and air pollution. There remains, however, a lack of in-situ techniques to remotely quantify black carbon aerosol particles with high range and time resolution. This article presents for the first time, to our knowledge, a direct and contact-free remote measurement of black carbon aerosol number and mass concentration less than ten of meters from the emission source. This is done with a novel picosecond short-range elastic backscatter lidar (PSR-EBL) technique. To address the complexity of retrieving lidar products at short measurement ranges, we apply a forward inversion method featuring radiometric lidar calibration. Our method is based on an extension of a well-established light-scattering model, the Rayleigh-Debye-Gans for Fractal-Aggregates (RDG-FA) theory, which computes an analytical expression for lidar parameters. These parameters are the backscattering cross-sections and the lidar ratio for black carbon fractal aggregates. Using a small-scale Jet A-1 kerosene pool fire, it is shown that our technique can quantify the aerosol number and mass concentration with centimetre range-resolution and millisecond time-resolution.
Deep Learning Data Augmentation for Raman Spectroscopy Cancer Tissue Classification
Authors: Wu Man , Wang Shuwen , Pan Shirui , Terentis Andrew C. , Strasswimmer John , Zhu Xingquan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Recently, Raman Spectroscopy (RS) has demonstrated to be a non-destructive way of cancer diagnosis, due to the uniqueness of RS measurements in revealing molecular biochemical changes between cancerous vs. normal tissues and cells. In order to design computational approaches for cancer detection, the quality and quantity of RS tissues are the basis for accurate prediction. In reality, however, obtaining skin cancer samples is difficult and expensive due to privacy and other constraints. With a small number of samples, the training of the classifier is difficult, and often results in overfitting. Therefore, it is important to have more samples to better train classifiers for accurate cancer tissue classification. To overcome these limitations, this paper presents a novel generative adversarial network based skin cancer tissue classification framework. Specifically, we design a data augmentation module that employs a generative adversarial network to generate synthetic RS samples in different classes. The original tissue samples and the generated data are merged to train classification modules. Experiments on real-world RS data demonstrate that generative adversarial network can be successfully used for data augmentation, in order to train accurate skin cancer tissue classifiers.
Machine Learning Models for Prediction of Adverse Events after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Niimi Nozomi , Shiraishi Yasuyuki , Sawano Mitsuaki , Ikemura Nobuhiro , Inohara Taku , Ueda Ikuko , Fukuda Keiichi , Kohsaka Shun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
An accurate prediction of major adverse events after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) improves clinical decisions and specific interventions. To determine whether machine learning (ML) techniques predict peri-PCI adverse events (acute kidney injury [AKI], bleeding, and in-hospital mortality) with better discrimination or calibration than the National Cardiovascular Data Registry (NCDR-CathPCI) risk scores, we developed logistic regression (LR) and gradient descent boosting (XGBoost) models for each outcome using data from a prospective, all-comer, multicenter registry that enrolled consecutive coronary artery disease patients undergoing PCI in Japan between 2008 and 2020. The NCDR-CathPCI risk scores demonstrated good discrimination for each outcome (C-statistics of 0.82, 0.76, and 0.95 for AKI, bleeding, and in-hospital mortality) with considerable calibration. Compared with the NCDR-CathPCI risk scores, the XGBoost models modestly improved discrimination for AKI and bleeding (C-statistics of 0.84 in AKI, and 0.79 in bleeding) but not for in-hospital mortality (C-statistics of 0.96). The calibration plot demonstrated that the XGBoost model overestimated the risk for in-hospital mortality in low-risk patients. All of the original NCDR-CathPCI risk scores for adverse periprocedural events showed adequate discrimination and calibration within our cohort. When using the ML-based technique, however, the improvement in the overall risk prediction was minimal.
Optimization of Different Temperature Annealed Nanostructured CdSe Thin Film for Photodetector Applications
Authors: Devarajan Alagarasan , Varadharajaperumal S. , Kumar K. Deva Arun , Naik R. , Arunkumar A. , Ganesan R. , Massoud Ehab El Sayed 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this report, we have discussed the performance of highly sensitive CdSe based photodetector. The CdSe thin films were prepared by thermal evaporation method on the cleaned glass substrate at room temperature. The influence of post annealing on the optical, morphological, structural and photo-electrical properties at different temperatures were investigated. The formation of polycrystalline CdSe ﬁlms was confirmed from X-ray diﬀraction (XRD) and Raman studies. The change in surface morphology along with the average grain size of ﬁlms were observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The stoichiometric ratio of Cd and Se elements in the deposited ﬁlms was verified from Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The change in various optical parameters like absorption coeﬃcient (α), extinction coeﬃcient (k), optical band gap (Eg), refractive index (n) etc. of the studied ﬁlms were calculated from the UV-Visible measurement. Importantly, the band gap values were decreased and increased with different annealing temperatures. The CdSe film annealed at 300 °C showed good photo-response and the corresponding optical properties which make them suitable for photodetector applications.