bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical effect of individualized 3D printing guide assisted placement of upper cervical pedicle screw
Authors: Niu Guoqi , Li Chao , Bai Jianzhong , Zhou Gong , Liu Lutan , Zhou Qiankun , Chen Hui , Nie Hu , Liu Tao , Jiang Weili , Cheng Jiawei , Zhao Baoyin , Zhu Jun , Yu Ruochen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the clinical effect of individualized 3D printing guide assisted upper cervical pedicle screw placement.
Methods
Eighteen patients with upper cervical spine injury requiring surgical treatment were included in our hospital from May 2010 to May 2019. These patients were divided into guide plate assisted screw implantation group (Group A, N = 10) and traditional operation group (Group B, N = 8). All patients were followed up for more than 6 months. Screw implant accuracy, cervical spine JOA score, ASIA score, VAS score, operation time, intraoperative blood loss were compared between the two groups.
Result
A total of 72 atlantoaxial pedicle screws were implanted, 40 in group A and 32 in group B. The accuracy rate of nail implantation was 97.50% in group A and 81.25% in group B (P < 0.05). The operation time in group A (189.7 ± 16.1 mins) and group B (242.1 ± 23.2 mins), P < 0.05. The intraoperative blood loss in group A (216.0 ± 49.7 ml) and group B (385.0 ± 23.5 ml), P < 0.05. The intraoperative fluoroscopic times was 8.7 ± 1.1 in group A and 30.0 ± 3.3 in group B (P < 0.05). Besides, the JOA, Asia and VAS scores of the two groups at one week after operation and the last follow-up were significantly different from those before operation. One week after operation, the JOA, Asia and VAS scores of group A were significantly better than those of group B, but there was no significant difference between the two groups at the last follow-up.
Conclusions
individualized 3D printing guide assisted placement of upper cervical pedicle screw can significantly improve the accuracy of screw implantation and postoperative function of patients, reduce the times of X-ray fluoroscopy, operation time, and intraoperative blood loss, which is a safe and effective approach and worthy of clinical promotion.
Assessment on the Progressive Collapse Resistance of a Long-Span Curved Spatial Grid Structure With Main Trusses
Authors: Zhou Guangpan , Song Qianen , Li Aiqun , Shen Shungao , Zhou Qing , Wang Bin , Zhang Yuye 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The present work is aimed at studying the progressive collapse resistance of the terminal building of Zhongchuan Airport in Lanzhou, China, which is a long-span curved spatial grid structure with main trusses. Firstly, the finite element model was built using MSC.Marc software. The alternate load path method (AP method) was used to simulate the initial failure of component. An improved method of zoned concept judgment and sensitivity analysis was proposed to determine the key components. Then, the initial failure components were removed individually on the course of analyzing. The responses of remaining structure were calculated using nonlinear dynamic analysis method. According to the results, the structure has a strong ability of resisting progressive collapse, though the structural responses are significant when removing the concrete filled steel tubular column directly supporting the roof at cantilever end. The maximum vertical displacement reaches 10 m. Moreover, the proposed method can avoid omitting the key components having significant influence on structural progressive collapse resistance. In addition, the influences brought by the cross-sectional sizes of chord and web members were investigated through conducting parametric analysis. The research can provide references for the structural optimization and safety control of similar long-span spatial structures.
Post-traumatic Growth in Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis
Authors: Ng Fiona , Ibrahim Nashwa , Franklin Donna , Jordan Gerald , Lewandowski Felix , Fang Fan , Roe David , Rennick-Egglestone Stefan , Newby Christopher , Hare-Duke Laurie , Llewelyn-Beardsley Joy , Yeo Caroline , Slade Mike 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background and Objective: People with psychosis report experiences of highly traumatic events. Positive change or post-traumatic growth (PTG) can occur as a result of traumatic experiences. Yet there is limited attention on PTG in psychosis, possibly due to the negative impact of psychotic symptoms on functioning and quality of life. The aim of this review was to identify relationships between PTG and psychosis and to develop a conceptual framework synthesising facilitators of PTG in psychosis.Method: Ten electronic databases were searched in seven languages, whilst five journals and grey literature were searched in English. Quantitative studies were eligible if examining the association or temporal relationship between PTG and one or more variables. Qualitative studies were eligible if describing PTG arising from experiences of psychosis. Findings from quantitative papers were grouped by their analysis method, whilst a narrative synthesis was conducted of findings in qualitative papers.Results: 37 papers were included. Mediators of PTG in psychosis included meaning in life, coping self-efficacy, core beliefs, and self-reported recovery. Seven facilitators of PTG in psychosis were identified: Personal identity and strength, Receiving support, Opportunities and possibilities, Strategies for coping, Perspective shift, Emotional experience, and Relationships, giving the acronym PROSPER.Conclusions: Individuals with psychosis can grow from traumatic experiences. Clinicians can support PTG through the provision of trauma-informed care that supports positively valued identity changes. For researchers, the findings provide an evidence-based theoretical framework for conceptualising PTG, which can be validated through longitudinal cohort studies and underpin the development of new clinical interventions.
Generalized Probabilistic Theories in a New Light
Authors: Shaiia Raed 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper we will present a modified formulation of generalized probabilistic theories that will always give rise to the structure of Hilbert space of quantum mechanics,
in any finite outcome space, and give the guidelines to how to extend this work to
infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces. Moreover, this new formulation which we will call
extended operational-probabilistic theories, applies not only to quantum systems, but
also equally well to classical systems, without violating Bell’s theorem, and at the same
time solves the measurement problem. This is why we will see that the question of
why our universe is quantum mechanical rather than classical is misplaced. The only
difference that exists between a classical universe and a quantum mechanical one lies
merely in which observables are compatible and which are not. Besides, this extended
probability theory which we present in this paper shows that it is non-determinacy,
or to be more precise, the non-deterministic description of the universe, that makes
the laws of physics the way they are. In addition, this paper shows us that what used
to be considered as purely classical systems and to be treated that way are in fact
able to be manipulated according to the rules of quantum mechanics –with this new
understanding of these rules- and that there is still a possibility that there might be a
deterministic level from which our universe emerges, which if understood correctly, may
open the door wide to applications in areas such as quantum computing. In addition
to all that, this paper shows that without the use of complex vector spaces, we cannot
have any kind of continuous evolution of the states of any system.
Mycobacterium species on the cutaneous microbiome of very preterm neonates
Authors: Shah Pritik A , Govindarajan Varun , Rangaiah Ambica , Diggikar Shivshankar , Devadas Sahana , Chunchanur Sneha K , Shankar Sathyanarayan Muthur 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The neonatal skin microbiome consists of all the genomes and genetic products of microorganisms harbouring on the skin of babies. Host and the microbiota develop a harmonious environment resulting in symbiosis. Any disruption of this environment could lead to pathological disease. We conducted this study to understand the neonatal skin microbiome of very preterm neonates admitted to NICU at a tertiary health care setting before and after Kangaroo Mother Care. Next Generation sequencing showed relative abundance for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 83.33% & 66.67% (p0.285) and Mycobacteroides abscessus in 100% & 93.33%( p0.303) of the very preterm neonates on the skin microbiome before and after KMC respectively. The mere presence of Mycobcaterium species as commensals or as potential pathogens, is alarming due to the risk of early exposure and incidence of tuberculosis right from birth. These findings, in our view, are the first findings to be established in such a setting.
A straightforward and Lagrangian proof of the Einsteinian equivalence between the mass and the inernal energy (i.e. rest energy)
Authors: Berké Özgür 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
I propose a Lagrangian proof of Einstein's well-known law that the mass of any system is its internal energy. The interest of this proof is to show how the distinction between internal degrees of freedom and the center of mass appears in the Lagrangian formalism. Considering that the Lagrangian depends on a particular set of variables for the internal degree of freedom, I show in a standard Lagrangian way how one can naturally find the desired law. This proof does not use the tensors of energy-momentum and can be easily used by students familiar with Lagrangian mechanics and the basis of Special Relativity. I apply the method for the particles and for the field, using the scalar field for simplification but it is easy to generalize for other fields (containing only the first derivative in Lagrangian). I give the example for the gravitation field. The method permits us to observe a strong relation between the Einstein’s E=mc² law and his other famous law of the time dilation. I carefully analyze the meaning of the particular choice of the variable and showing a sort of a modified speed addition formula without contradicting, of course, the one of Einstein (& Poincaré). I also try to untangle, with this point of view, the relation between the mass and the origin of the energy scale. Finally I analyze the reason why in Newtonian mechanic we don’t have a such law. In the annex I give some elements of the Hamiltonian analysis checking again the coherence of the particular set of variables and I apply this way of thinking to the old Lorentz-Poincaré model of the electron (useful for an explicit classical renormalization of the mass).
SPC212 Human Mesothelioma Cell Underwent Apoptosis, Oxidative Stress, Morhological Deformation Following Astaxanthin Treatment
Authors: Kacar Sedat , Sevimli Tuğba S. , Sahinturk Varol 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Although astaxanthin (ASX) is one type of caretonoids, it is more bioactive compound than other carotenoids. Despite its utilization against different cancer types, effect of ASX on mesothelioma has yet to be well-studied. In this study, our goal is to ascertain how ASX will affect SPC212 human mesothelioma cells. First, the effective doses of ASX against SPC212 cells was uncovered by MTT test. Thereafter, with flow cytometry analysis, Annexin-V and caspase 3/7 assay was implemented for the evaluation of apoptotic cell death and oxidative stress test was carried out to determine how the free radicals changed. Ultimately, the cells’ morphology was examined under light microscope. The effective doses of ASX were found as 50,100 and 200 µM. In Annexin V assay, the total apoptosis increased to around 12%, 30% and %45 with increasing doses of ASX. In caspase 3/7 assay, the total apoptosis was around %25 and %38 at 100 and 200 µM. In oxidative stress analysis, ROS positive cells rose from 4.54 at the lowest dose to 86.95 at the highest dose. In morphological analysis, cellular shrinkage, decrease in cell density, swelling and vacuolations in some cells, membrane blebbing and apoptotic bodies are observed in ASX-treated cells. To conclude, the current study provided insights into the efficacy and effects of ASX against SPC212 mesothelioma cells regarding morphology, proliferation and cell death for the future studies.
Analysis of the stability of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in donor samples
Authors: Todoroff S.S. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study was designed to 1) analyze the stability of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity in nonseparated donor samples stored at room temperature (RT) over 72 hours and 2) compare ALT levels of paired samples stored at RT and 4 ° C over the same time period. The study showed that mean ALT activities for samples stored at RT increased at all assay times and that those stored at 4 ° C decreased (0.54 IU/L over 72 hours). Although the mean increase in activity of the RT samples over 72 hours (1.45 IU/L) was statistically significant, it was of little practical significance. For example, based on the frequency distribution of the 311 RT samples from this study, and using a cut-off value of 69 IU/L, only one unit of blood would have been eliminated based on the difference between time zero and 72 hours. It was concluded that RT would be the storage of choice for 72 hours, since the tendency of ALT levels to decrease during storage at 4 ° C could make possible the inclusion of borderline donor units in the blood supply.
A case report: unusual Gerbich antibody in a patient with sickle cell anemia
Authors: Gorman M. , Woody B. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A patient whose red blood cells (RBCs) typed as Ge:2,3 produced an alloantibody to a high-frequency antigen in the Gerbich system. This antibody was shown to be nonreactive with Ge: −2, −3 RBCs using adsorption-elution studies. A monocyte monolayer assay (MMA) suggested that transfusion of Ge:2,3 RBCs to this patient would have reduced in vivo survival.
Auberger red cell antigens are not part of the Kell, Colton, or Dombrock blood group systems
Authors: Tippett P. , Daniels G.L. , Lomas C. , Green C.A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Since 1981, red cell samples from families were tested with anti-Aua and, since 1986, with both anti-Aua and anti-Aub in an attempt to elevate Auberger to a blood group system status. The results show that Auberger is not part of the Kell (five families), Colton (three families), or Dombrock (two families) blood group systems. Exclusion from four more systems (Di, Yt, LW, Ch;Rg) is required before system status may be claimed.
Recovery of costs for special procedures done in reference laboratories
Authors: Rolih S. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In recent years, blood bank laboratories have been encouraged to look at special procedures that might generate needed revenues. Laboratories that elect to offer special procedures to recover costs or to generate revenue should evaluate each test carefully. Areas to be considered are the projected demand tor the test, proficiency of present laboratory staff, cost of reagents and equipment, and assay time relative to labor cost.
Pre-Transfusion Testing for the Chronically Transfused, Sensitized Patient A Simple, Time-Saving Approach
Authors: Walker Phyllis S. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A 65-year-old woman was found to have severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia. The patient was group A1 Rh0(D) positive. The direct antiglobulin test was strongly positive with anti-C3 and negative with anti- IgG. The serum contained two distinct IgM antibodies, auto-anti-I and auto-anti-AI. Both were reactive at 22 °C. However, the anti-AI also was reactive in saline and in albumin at 37°C. An eluate revealed anti-AI and a weak anti-L Sequential 5’Chromium survival studies were done with group OI and Al red cells. The group OI red cells survived normally (97% at 24 hours) while the group A J red cells were removed in a “two- component” pattern characteristic of IgM complementfixing antibodies (62% survival at one hour, 49% at 24 hours). Based on these observations, the patient was subsequently transfused without incidence with six group O units of washed red cells prior to splenectomy. Although auto-anti-AI has been previously reported, this is the first case to demonstrate the use of 5ICr survival studies to determine its clinical significance.
Nanotechnology application in water resource management
Authors: Boroomandnia Arezoo , Bozorg-Haddad Omid , Yu Jimmy , Darestani Mariam 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Fast-growing water demand, population growth, global climate change, and water quality deterioration all drive scientists to apply novel approaches to water resource management. Nanotechnology is one of the state-of-the-art tools in scientists’ hands which they can use to meet human water needs via reuse of water and utilizing unconventional water resources. Additionally, monitoring water supply systems using new nanomaterials provides more efficient water distribution networks. In this chapter, we consider the generic concepts of nanotechnology and its effects on water resources management strategies. A wide range of nanomaterials and nanotechnologies, including nano-adsorbents, nano-photocatalysts, and nano-membranes, are introduced to explain the role of nanotechnology in providing new water resources to meet growing demand. Also, nanomaterial application as a water alternative in industry, reducing water demand in the industrial sector, is presented. Another revolution made by nanomaterials, also discussed in this chapter, is their use in water supply systems for monitoring probable leakage and leakage reduction. Finally, we present case studies that clarify the influence of nanotechnology on water resources and their management strategies. These case studies prove the importance and inevitable application of nanotechnology to satisfy the rising water demand in the modern world, and show the necessity of nanotechnology awareness for today's water experts.
Comprehensive integrated water management
Authors: Rezaee Alireza , Bozorg-Haddad Omid , Brendtsson Ronny , Singh Vijay P. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Improper utilization of water resources has the potential to result in reduced availability of high-quality water and adverse effects on societal development. In fact, what appears to be a serious gap in comprehensive water resources studies is the lack of a coherent approach that can link different social, economic and environmental parts within the framework of the integrated water management paradigm to extract strategies and operational plans. Comprehensive water resources management (CWRM) is a process that intends to develop and manage water, land and other resources in a way that maximizes the social and economic well-being of human societies, without compromising the integrity and sustainability of vital ecosystems and future benefits. This chapter discusses the definitions of integrated and comprehensive water resources management describing the steps of using integrated management in practical examples.
Virtual water
Authors: Delpasand Mohammad , Bozorg-Haddad Omid , Goharian Erfan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In many regions of the world, water scarcity has created numerous problems for the supply of domestic water use, agricultural production, and for the human life cycle in general. Perhaps in the near future water will be synonymous with gold. Over the past two decades, the virtual water concept has become known as a mitigating water scarcity crisis solution which can balance the unequal distribution of world water resources. Virtual water is the amount of water that a product consumes in a production process from start to end. Developers of the virtual water idea believe that by exporting and importing commodities, large volumes of water can be traded which is referred to as virtual water trading. In the theory of virtual water trade, in order to reduce the pressure on water resources, it is recommended that water-scarce countries import products instead of producing them from internal water sources and allocate these water resources for other lucrative business activities. Therefore, in this chapter, the virtual water concept and its specifications and evaluations are fully explained.
Water footprint
Authors: Delpasand Mohammad , Bozorg-Haddad Omid , Goharian Erfan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Uneven water distribution in the world is the main reason today that some countries face problems due to water scarcity. Human activities consume and pollute large amounts of water. Globally, agriculture is the largest water user by volume. However, the water used by industrial and household sectors is still significant. Water consumption and pollution are caused by specific activities such as irrigation, bathing, washing, cleaning, cooling and by various other processes. Little attention has been paid to how much water use and pollution ultimately result from such activities, and how much water is consumed by communities, compared to the attention paid to the structure of the public economy that supplies consumer goods and services. Overall, to mitigate water scarcity problems, there are several approaches that can be made, such as inter-basin water transfer, increasing efficiency of water consumption and also using new concepts such as virtual water and the water footprint. The footprint of a product is the amount of fresh water used to produce it, measured across the complete supply chain. Water footprint is a multidimensional indicator that shows the amount of water consumed by the source as well as the amount and types of contamination.
Water security
Authors: Baghban Sahar , Bozorg-Haddad Omid , Berndtsson Ronny 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Today, the concept of security manifests itself in a number of forms in most scientific, social, environmental, and political issues. One of the most essential and prominent types of security issue faced today is water security, which has introduced a complex and new concept to the literature of today's world. Not only has the current water crisis in most parts of the world increased the risk of military conflicts between countries, but the value of safe water will become even more apparent in the coming decades, which is why water security will have a special importance in the modern world. Water security is a concept that has attracted particular attention in recent decades from various dimensions. Estimates show that by 2100, the planet's population will increase from the current 7.7 billion (7.7 × 109) to 11.2 billion, and that providing adequate safe water for such a population is one of the significant challenges facing humans – because the world's freshwater resources are not just for individual consumption and for the environment, but they are also vital for the agricultural, energy, industrial, and transportation sectors. Therefore, it should be noted that the existing world water resources, both in terms of quantity and quality, are at a critical stage. However, the severity of this problem varies from region to region, with regions such as the Middle East and South Africa at greater risk of water scarcity. Water security is therefore a vital issue for all of us. This chapter first outlines the concept of water security from different perspectives, emphasizing that water security is a multifaceted issue, before finally examining solutions and policies to address to the challenges.