bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and genomic features of SPOP‐mutant prostate cancer
Authors: Nakazawa Mari , Fang Mike , H. Marshall Catherine , Lotan Tamara L. , Isaacsson Velho Pedro , Antonarakis Emmanuel S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundInactivating missense mutations in the SPOP gene, encoding speckle‐type poxvirus and zinc‐finger protein, are one of the most common genetic alterations in prostate cancer.MethodsWe retrospectively identified 72 consecutive prostate cancer patients with somatic SPOP mutations, through next‐generation sequencing analysis, who were treated at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. We evaluated clinical and genomic characteristics of this SPOP‐mutant subset.ResultsSPOP alterations were clustered in the MATH domain, with hotspot mutations involving the F133 and F102 residues. The most frequent concurrent genetic alterations were in APC (16/72 [22%]), PTEN (13/72 [18%]), and TP53 (11/72 [15%]). SPOP‐mutant cancers appeared to be mutually exclusive with tumors harboring the TMPRSS2‐ERG fusion, and were significantly enriched for Wnt pathway (APC, CTNNB1) mutations and de‐enriched for TP53/PTEN/RB1 alterations. Patients with mtSPOP had durable responses to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with a median time‐to‐castration‐resistance of 42.0 (95% confidence interval [CI], 25.7–60.8) months. However, time‐to‐castration‐resistance was significantly shorter in SPOP‐mutant patients with concurrent TP53 mutations (hazard ratio [HR] 4.53; p = 0.002), HRD pathway (ATM, BRCA1/2, and CHEK2) mutations (HR 3.19; p = 0.003), and PI3K pathway (PTEN, PIK3CA, and AKT1) alterations (HR 2.69; p = 0.004). In the castration‐resistant prostate cancer setting, median progression‐free survival was 8.9 (95% CI, 6.7–NR) months on abiraterone and 7.3 (95% CI, 3.2–NR) months on enzalutamide. There were no responses to PARP inhibitor treatment.ConclusionsSPOP‐mutant prostate cancers represent a unique subset with absent ERG fusions and frequent Wnt pathway alterations, with potentially greater dependency on androgen signaling and enhanced responsiveness to ADT. Outcomes are best for SPOP‐altered patients without other concurrent mutations.
Semi‐field evaluation of the predation of Macrocheles embersoni and Macrocheles muscaedomesticae (Acari: Mesostigmata: Macrochelidae) on the house fly and the stable fly (Diptera: Muscidae)
Authors: Azevedo Letícia Henrique , Borges Vinícius , Filho Walter Mesquita , de Campos Castilho Raphael , de Moraes Gilberto José 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe house fly, Musca domestica L., and the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), are important and harmful organisms. The cosmopolitan house fly is not parasitic, but the adults are annoying and a known vector of several pathogens. The importance of the stable fly has increased in Brazil in the last 40 years, after major changes in sugarcane cultivation practices were implemented, including the widespread application of vinasse (byproduct in sugarcane mills) and the parallel reduction of sugarcane preharvest burning. These changes have favored the development of this fly, which can reach high populations, that can negatively affect cattle and other animals. The control of these flies relies heavily on the use of chemical products, which very often do not provide adequate population reduction. Predatory mites of the family Macrochelidae have been evaluated under laboratory conditions for the biological control of these organisms, especially of the house fly. The objective of this study was to examine the predation capacity of the macrochelids Macrocheles embersoni Azevedo, Castilho & Berto and Macrocheles muscaedomesticae (Scopoli) on the house fly and the stable fly, under semi‐field conditions (screen‐houses).RESULTSReductions of 83 to 90% of the house fly and 66 to 73% of the stable fly populations were observed, with the release of 100 of these predators per square meter.CONCLUSIONSThe number of adults of both fly species was much lower in the units where the predators had been released than in the others. However it is suggested that provisioning and or conserving alternative food sources for these macrochelids, such as free‐living nematodes, could further improve biocontrol efficacy.
Active cellulose acetate‐oregano essential oil films to conservation of hamburger buns: Antifungal, analysed sensorial and mechanical properties
Authors: Fernandes Flávio Gomes , Grisi Cristiani Viegas Brandão , da Costa Araújo Raunira , Botrel Diego Alvarenga , de Sousa Solange 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to develop active films containing oregano essential oil as a natural antifungal additive, aiming to increase hamburger buns' shelf life, safety and quality and improve their sensory characteristics. The films were produced with cellulose acetate using different concentrations of the natural additive (0.5%, 1.5%, 2.5% and 3.5%), and a control film without essential oil was also used for comparison. All analysed films showed an increase in tensile strength when compared to the control. The same behaviour was found for percentage of elongation. It also increased as the concentration of the natural additive increased, which may be considered a plasticizer. The active packaging containing the lowest concentration of the natural additive (0.5% oregano essential oil) increased the shelf life of hamburger buns from 12 to 27 days and contributed to the sensory quality of the buns, as justified with consumer's acceptability tests performed for flavour, aroma and overall impression. Consumers said they would probably buy the product if it was available on the market. Therefore, active antifungal packaging containing oregano essential oil as an active agent showed efficacy for application in hamburger bun preservation.
When 4‐Chloro‐3‐vinyl Coumarins Meet Cyclic 1,3‐Diketones: Chemoselective and Unexpected Synthesis of Benzocoumarin Derivatives
Authors: Alizadeh Abdolali , Farajpour Behnaz , Rezaiyehraad Reza , Khanpour Mojtaba 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA series of pyranocoumarins and benzocoumarins were synthesized by base‐mediated reaction of 4‐chloro‐3‐vinyl coumarins with cyclic 1,3‐dikeones in ethanol at reflux. Reactions using dimedone and 1,3‐cyclohexadione gave pyranocoumarins, whereas 1,3‐indandione resulted in the formation of unexpected benzocoumarin derivatives. These transformations were carried out under relatively green and mild conditions, provided access to novel coumarin‐based heterocycles in synthetically useful yields.
Efficient seismic risk assessment of irregular steel‐framed buildings through endurance time analysis of consistent fish‐bone model
Authors: Ahmadie Amiri Hossein , Hosseini Mojtaba , E. Estekanchi Homayoon 
Published: November 2021

SummaryThe seismic risk framework of building structures has been presented to reduce earthquake‐induced adverse consequences. In this context, probabilistic analysis of engineering demand parameters (EDPs) is always associated with many uncertainties and high computational demand for use in practical applications. This study has been presented to efficiently estimate the distribution of EDPs in probabilistic seismic risk assessment of irregular steel moment‐resisting frames (SMRFs). For this purpose, the incorporation of the consistent fish‐bone (CFB) model and the endurance time (ET) analysis method has been used. The proposed method (i.e., CFB‐ET) has a substantial impact on reducing the complexities of the new generation of performance‐based earthquake engineering (PBEE) by significantly reducing the degrees of freedom (DOFs) of the original building and the number of required nonlinear time history analyses (NLTHAs). The efficiency of the proposed method has been evaluated using three 3‐, 9‐, and 20‐story SMRFs irregular in bay lengths and three other SMRFs with the same number of stories but irregular in height. In this evaluation, the maximum structural response at all seismic intensity levels up to the collapse stage and also the structural response profile along the building height at service‐level earthquake (SLE), design‐based earthquake (DBE), and maximum credible earthquake (MCE) seismic intensity levels have been investigated. Next, the efficiency of the proposed method in seismic risk assessment is investigated by using seismic fragility and vulnerability curves. The results of these evaluations have been compared with the full incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) of the full DOF model of the building (i.e., SMRF‐IDA) under 44 far‐field ground motions of FEMA P‐695 in terms of computational accuracy and effort. Furthermore, a new approach to estimating the dispersion of the structural response in the ET method has been proposed, whose efficiency has been investigated in the above‐mentioned evaluations. The results show that the proposed method allows for using the new generation of PBEE in engineering applications by significantly reducing computational demand and having sufficient accuracy in the seismic assessment process.
Urban water security under a changing climate: Is Nepal's water policy on the right track?
Authors: Ojha Hemant Raj , Devkota Kamal , Pandey Chandra , Shrestha Krishna K. , Khatri Dil , Neupane Kaustuv Raj , Bhattarai Basundhara , Zwi Anthony B. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNepal's urban regions are facing increasing levels of water insecurity under a changing climate. The country has a long history of water policy development while climate‐related policies are also emerging at different levels of the new federal republic. It is unclear whether public policy is on the right track to ensure urban water security in the face of growing demand and increasingly variable supply. In this paper, we assess how Nepal's water policy is shaping urban adaptation. We focus on how policies have defined institutional arrangements for water supply and management, allocation of water rights, and the conservation of water source catchments. Policy attention to these issues is crucial for the adaptation of water systems to climate change. Drawing on the review of policy texts and the status of policy implementation in two towns (Dharan and Dhulikhel), we conclude that current policy frameworks and strategies neglect opportunities to facilitate urban water adaptation to climate change. The neglect is seen in escalating conflicts among institutions, an unclear framework for water rights, and inadequate incentives for catchment conservation. We highlight the need for a more coherent and risk sensitive approach to water policy, underpinned by deliberative, research‐informed, and learning‐based strategies.
Housing Policies for Rural Migrant Workers in China
Authors: Wang Yeqiang , Dong Xin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLack of housing security is a major problem for rural migrant workers in China. This chapter explores the range and depth of housing problems facing rural migrants. These challenges include issues of affordability and poor housing quality and administrative barriers that inhibit access to commercial housing and housing welfare programmes. There is a big difference between the housing consumption pattern of migrant workers in the city and that in the countryside. This is due to large discrepancies in levels of access to good quality accommodation between migrants from rural areas and the established urban population. These inequalities are exacerbated by inherited forms of residential registration that adversely affect rural migrants settling in towns and cities. The situation is further exacerbated by land use regulations that restrict the construction of collective dormitories for rural migrant workers. The key is to promote the system reform of rural land and speed up the establishment of a free market homestead and rural housing. Policy responses over the past twenty years are evaluated, and recommendations for future policy development are proposed to improve housing conditions, including reform of land use regulations and improved property rights for migrants.
Research on Residential Segregation in Chinese Cities
Authors: Chen Yu , Chen Jie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of research on the evolution of residential segregation in Chinese cities since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China. There were almost no discernible patterns of segregation during the central planning period, largely due to the socialist work-unit systems and the de-commodification of land and housing. Since the initiation of economic reforms in 1978, Chinese cities have witnessed significant spatial divisions across socioeconomic groups, driven by forces such as rapid economic and spatial restructuring, market-oriented housing and land reforms, and massive rural-to-urban migration. Residents of similar socio-economic status tend to cluster in the same neighbourhoods, with the elite moving to expensive gated communities and the urban poor to dilapidated residential areas. The impacts of segregation on residents’ social contactsand labour market outcomes are profound and long-lasting. While social segregation is regarded as a widespread urban phenomenon worldwide, the causes and consequences of segregation in Chinese cities should be interpreted within the country’s specific historical, social, cultural and institutional contexts.
Urbanisation, Migration and the Anti-Poverty Programme in China
Authors: Wei Houkai , Su Hongjian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFrom 1979 to 2018, Chinaunderwentrapid urbanisation and large-scale population migration. As a result, the permanent urban population increased by about 659 million, and the numbers of rural poor decreased by 754 million. However, as migration from rural to urban areas has increased, rural poverty has reduced while urban poverty is gradually increasing. The co-existence of both rural and urban poverty poses new challenges to development. In this chapter, we analyse the characteristics of China’sinternal migrationand urbanisation process. We draw on relevant data to describe in detail the changes that have occurred since China’s Reform and Opening-up, as well as China’s programme in reducing rural poverty and current trends in urban poverty. As the rate of urbanisation in China enters a new phase, there is a growing imperative to improve and promote an integrated approach to both urban and rural development. We also discuss the new raft of anti-poverty and poverty-management measures.
Towards Resilient Organisations and Societies? Reflections on the Multifaceted Nature of Resilience
Authors: Young Mitchell , Frigotto Maria Laura , Pinheiro Rómulo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAs the chapters in this volume have shown, resilience is a multifaceted and malleable concept that can be fruitfully applied to a wide range of phenomena at all levels of society. At the same time, there is a distinct danger of concept stretching. In this concluding chapter, we look at both the extensiveness of the concept, reviewing the range of complementary concepts that have been engaged by the authors, and how it can be delimited to maintain conceptual distinctiveness and explanatory value. What is more, we provide some recommendations on how scholars working across disciplinary boundaries may go about unpacking resilience in and for organizations and societies.
Growing and Adapting During Continuous Change: Building Employee Resilience in the Public Sector
Authors: Franken Esme , Plimmer Geoff , Malinen Sanna , Bryson Jane 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis chapter focuses on employee resilience in the public sector, and how managers can develop it. We adopt a contemporary view of employee resilience as a set of employee behaviours that can be developed, particularly through effective leadership. Employee resilience is an individual-level behavioural capacity, centred on using networks successfully, learning from experiences and adapting to change; behaviours that are essential for navigating the complex public management environment. We build on the view that resilience enables individuals to engage in exploration, learn from mistakes and grow from challenges. It can be fostered daily, enabling individuals to build capacity to handle challenges and crises before they emerge, and responding effectively when they do occur. This chapter discusses why and how resilient behaviours matter in public contexts, particularly in highly ambiguous knowledge intensive organizations (KIOs). It also discusses the crucial role that managers play in enabling resilience in employees, and focuses on the characteristics of resilience-enabling leadership. These characteristics include leadership behaviours such as viewing resilience as developable, supporting employees’ personal goals, providing challenging tasks and opportunities for safe failures and managing the whole team. In short, our contribution extends empirical understandings of resilience in public sector workplaces, with specific regard to employee resilience, its nature and development and its outcomes.
Resilience and Change in Opera Theatres: Travelling the Edge of Tradition and Contemporaneity
Authors: Frigotto Maria Laura , Frigotto Francesca 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTOver the last century, the opera has changed dramatically and on several levels. This chapter maps out the major changes of the opera since its origin in its country of birth, Italy, discussing whether this evolution displays a form of transformative resilience. As a theoretical contribution, this case allows to challenge the resilience framework presented in Chapter 1, by raising several prominent questions for the conceptual advancement and empirical grounding of resilience. We ask: To what extent can an entity change in order to be considered a persisting entity and not a different entity? Or in other words: How much continuity is necessary to recognize resilience in the same entity? We add: How are different levels of resilience (institutional, organizational and individual) nested one into another, and therefore, how is the ‘agency of resilience’ played out? As an empirical contribution, this chapter sketches an empirical reconstruction of the history of the opera in a holistic longitudinal perspective.
Time-reversal asymmetries and angular distributions in Λb → ΛV
Authors: Geng Chao-Qiang , Liu Chia-Wei 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We study the spin correlations to probe time-reversal (T) asymmetries in the decays of Λb→ ΛV (V = ϕ, ρ0, ω, K∗0). The eigenstates of the T-odd operators are obtained along with definite angular momenta. We obtain the T-odd spin correlations from the complex phases among the helicity amplitudes. We give the angular distributions of Λb→ Λ(→ pπ−)V (→ PP′) and show the corresponding spin correlations, where P(′) are the pseudoscalar mesons. Due to the helicity conservation of the s quark in Λ, we deduce that the polarization asymmetries of Λ are close to −1. Since the decay of Λb→ Λϕ in the standard model (SM) is dictated by the single weak phase from the product of CKM elements, $$ {V}_{tb}{V}_{ts}^{\ast } $$

V
tb

V
ts
∗

, the true T and CP asymmetries are suppressed, providing a clean background to test the SM and search for new physics. In the factorization approach, as the helicity amplitudes in the SM share the same complex phase, T-violating effects are absent. Nonetheless, the experimental branching ratio of Br(Λb→ Λϕ) = (5.18 ± 1.29) × 10−6 suggests that the nonfactorizable effects or some new physics play an important role. By parametrizing the nonfactorizable contributions with the effective color number, we calculate the branching ratios and direct CP asymmetries. We also explore the possible T-violating effects from new physics.
Predicting Fracture Network Development in Crystalline Rocks
Authors: McBeck Jessica , Aiken J. M. , Cordonnier B. , Ben-Zion Y. , Renard F. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe geometric properties of fractures influence whether they propagate, arrest, or coalesce with other fractures. Thus, quantifying the relationship between fracture network characteristics may help predict fracture network development, and perhaps precursors to catastrophic failure. To constrain the relationship and predictability of fracture characteristics, we deform eight one centimeter tall rock cores under triaxial compression while acquiring in situ X-ray tomograms. The tomograms reveal precise measurements of the fracture network characteristics above the spatial resolution of 6.5 µm. We develop machine learning models to predict the value of each characteristic using the other characteristics, and excluding the macroscopic stress or strain imposed on the rock. The models predict fracture development more accurately in the experiments performed on granite and monzonite, than the experiments on marble. Fracture network development may be more predictable in these igneous rocks because their microstructure is more mechanically homogeneous than the marble, producing more systematic fracture development that is not strongly impeded by grain contacts and cleavage planes. The varying performance of the models suggest that fracture volume, length, and aperture are the most predictable of the characteristics, while fracture orientation is the least predictable. Orientation does not correlate with length, as suggested by the idea that the orientation evolves with increasing differential stress and thus fracture length. This difference between the observed and expected relationship between orientation and length highlights the influence of mechanical heterogeneities and local stress perturbations on fracture growth as fractures propagate, link, and coalesce.
Upstream process optimization and micro- and macrocarrier screening for large-scale production of the oncolytic H-1 protoparvovirus
Authors: Wohlfarth Daniel , Frehtman Veronika , Müller Marcus , Vogel Martin , Phan Linh Minh Phuc , Brunecker Adrian , Leuchs Barbara 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The oncolytic virus H-1PV is a promising candidate for various cancer treatments. Therefore, production process needs to be optimized and scaled up for future market release. Currently, the virus is produced with minimum essential medium in 10-layer CellSTACK® chambers with limited scalability, requiring a minimum seeding density of 7.9E3 cells/cm2. Production also requires a 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS) supplementation and has a virus yield up to 3.1E7 plaque-forming units (PFU)/cm2. Using the animal-free cell culture medium VP-SFM™ and a new feeding strategy, we demonstrate a yield boost by a mean of 0.3 log while reducing seeding density to 5.0E3 cells/cm2 and cutting FBS supplementation by up to 40% during the production process. Additionally, FBS is completely removed at the time of harvest. Eleven commercial micro- and macrocarriers were screened regarding cell growth, bead-to-bead transfer capability, and virus yield. We present a proof-of-concept study for producing H-1PV on a large scale with the microcarrier Cytodex® 1 in suspension and a macrocarrier for a fixed-bed iCELLis® bioreactor. A carrier-based H-1PV production process combined with an optimized cell culture medium and feeding strategy can facilitate future upscaling to industrial-scale production.

Key points
• Virus yield increase and FBS-free harvest after switching to cell culture medium VP-SFM™.
• We screened carriers for cell growth, bead-to-bead transfer capability, and H-1PV yield.
• High virus yield is achieved with Cytodex® 1 and macrocarrier for iCellis® in Erlenmeyer flasks.