bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Student Voice and Student Feedback: How Critical Pragmatism Can Reframe Research and Practice
Authors: Jones Mari-Ana , Hall Valerie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis chapter recognises the diverse definitions and practices of student feedback; focussing on how student feedback can facilitate dialogue and thus contribute to the development of schools as democratic communities. Student feedback is thus positioned as a part of student voice, which has its roots in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNICEF, 1989). We question the ways in which schools elicit the views of students and how students’ opinions are made use of, recognising the complexities arising from power relationships (Hart, 1992), the consumerisation of education (Whitty & Wisby, 2007) and the pressures of accountability. Furthermore, we consider ways in which researchers can address difficulties in the research-practice relationship (Chapman and Ainscow, 2019) and facilitate co-creation of research. We propose the perspective of critical pragmatism as a means to acknowledge the complexities of practice, whilst also highlighting the importance of critical reflection and dialogue. Critical pragmatism could move us from a “deconstructive scepticism toward a reconstructive imagination” (Forester, 2012, p. 6) in which schools and researchers collaborate to enable contextually rich practices of student feedback and student voice.
What Can We Learn from Research on Multisource Feedback in Organizations?
Authors: Fleenor John W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis chapter provides a review of the current state of empirical research on the use of multisource feedback (MSF) in organizations (e.g., Church et al., 2019). The review covers key topics on the research and application of MSF for developing leaders in organizations. The focus of the chapter is on how research on MSF can be applied to the implementation of student feedback to teachers in schools. Based on this research, recommendations are offered for successfully executing student feedback in schools. Topics include: (a) characteristics of effective MSF, (b) how to implement an MSF process in an organization, (c) factors that affect the reliability and validity of MSF, (d) a discussion of agreement between self-ratings and the ratings of others, (e) how to facilitate feedback to leaders, and (f) reasons why MFS processes may fail in organizations. Finally, the transferability of these findings to student-to-teacher feedback in schools is discussed.
Student Feedback on Teaching in Schools: Current State of Research and Future Perspectives
Authors: Rollett Wolfram , Bijlsma Hannah , Röhl Sebastian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe aim of this volume was to give a comprehensive overview of the current state of the research on student perceptions of and student feedback on teaching. This chapter provides a resume of the important theoretical considerations and empirical evidence the authors contributed to this volume. First, evidence concerning the validity of student perceptions of teaching quality is discussed, highlighting the quality of the questionnaires used and accompanying materials provided by their authors. In the next step, empirical findings are summarized on student and teacher characteristics that can influence important processes within the feedback cycle. Subsequently, it is emphasized that the effectiveness of student feedback on teaching is significantly related to the nature of the individual school’s feedback culture. Furthermore, it is argued that the efficacy of student feedback depends on whether teachers are provided with a high level of support, when making use of the feedback information to improve their teaching practices. As the literature review impressively documents‚ teachers, teaching, and ultimately students can benefit substantially from student feedback on teaching in schools.
A Probabilistic Model for Feedback on Teachers’ Instructional Effectiveness: Its Potential and the Challenge of Combining Multiple Perspectives
Authors: van der Lans Rikkert 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis chapter describes research into the validity of a teacher evaluation framework that was applied between 2012 and 2016 to provide feedback to Dutch secondary school teachers concerning their instructional effectiveness. In this research project, the acquisition of instructional effectiveness was conceptualized as unfolding along a continuum ranging from ineffective novice to effective expert instructor. Using advanced statistical models, teachers’ current position on the continuum was estimated. This information was used to tailor feedback for professional development. Two instruments were applied to find teachers’ current position on the continuum, namely the International Comparative Assessment of Learning and Teaching (ICALT) observation instrument and the My Teacher–student questionnaire (MTQ). This chapter highlights background theory and central concepts behind the project and it introduces the logic behind the statistical methods that were used to operationalize the continuum of instructional effectiveness. Specific attention is given to differences between students and observers in how they experience teachers’ instructional effectiveness and the resulting disagreement in how they position teachers on the continuum. It is explained how this disagreement made feedback reports less actionable. The chapter then discusses evidence of two empirical studies that examined the disagreement from two methodological perspectives. Finally, it makes some tentative conclusions concerning the practical implications of the evidence.
Effects of Student Feedback on Teaching and Classes: An Overview and Meta-Analysis of Intervention Studies
Authors: Röhl Sebastian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBased on a comprehensive literature review of student feedback intervention studies in schools, this chapter provides an overview of found effects on teachers and teaching. The first part summarizes the self-reported cognitive, affective, and motivational effects of student feedback on teachers, which can subsequently lead to behavioral changes in the classroom. In the second part, the focus is on the extent to which these behavioral changes are perceived by students. For the first time, a meta-analysis of changes in students’ perceptions of teaching was carried out for the 18 existing longitudinal studies for this purpose. A small but significant positive weighted mean effect size of d=0.21 for students’ perceived improvement of teaching quality was found, while more in-depth analyses pointed to a beneficial effect of individual support measures for teachers regarding reflection and subsequent development of teaching. Implications for further research and practical implementation of student feedback in schools are discussed.
Regionales Monitoring von Infektionen mittels standardisierter Fallfatalitätsraten am Beispiel von SARS-CoV-2 in Bayern
Authors: Manz Kirsi , Mansmann Ulrich 
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Karten zur zeitlichen Entwicklung der regionalen Verteilung einer gesundheitsbezogenen Maßzahl ermöglichen public-health-relevante Bewertungen des Gesundheitsgeschehens.

Ziel der Arbeit
Die Arbeit führt das Konzept der standardisierten Fallfatalitätsrate (sFFR) ein. Sie beschreibt das Verhältnis der regionalen Abweichung in der Mortalität zur regionalen Abweichung im dokumentierten Infektionsprozess. Die regionalen sFFR-Werte werden in Karten dargestellt und die darin beobachtete zeitlich variierende regionale Heterogenität interpretiert.

Materialien und Methoden
Die regionale sFFR ist der Quotient der regionalen standardisierten Mortalitäts- und Fallrate. Sie wird mittels eines bivariaten Modells geschätzt. Die in Karten dargestellten sFFR-Werte basieren auf den SARS-CoV-2-Meldedaten aus Bayern seit Anfang April 2020 bis Ende März 2021. Es werden 4 Quartale (Q2/20, Q3/20, Q4/20, Q1/21) betrachtet.

Ergebnisse
In den betrachteten Quartalen liegen die bayerischen naiven FFR-Werte bei 5,0 %, 0,5 %, 2,5 % und 2,8 %. In Q2/20 sind die regionalen sFFR-Werte unregelmäßig über das Bundesland verteilt. Diese Heterogenität schwächt sich in der zweiten Welle der Epidemie ab. In Q1/21 zeigen sich in Südbayern nur vereinzelt Regionen mit erhöhter sFFR (> 1,25). Im Norden Bayerns bilden sich Cluster von Regionen mit einer sFFR > 1,25. Das Oberallgäu ist die Region mit dem niedrigsten sFFR-Wert (0,39, 95 % Kredibilitätsintervall: 0,25–0,55).

Diskussion
In Bayern zeigen sich heterogene regionale SARS-CoV-2-spezifische sFFR-Werte, die sich über die Zeit verändern. Sie schätzen das relative Risiko, als dokumentierter Infektionsfall an/mit COVID-19 zu versterben. Eine starke kleinräumige Variabilität der sFFR legt nahe, regionale gegenüber übergeordneten Maßnahmen zur Steuerung des Infektionsgeschehens vorzuziehen.
Bewegungsförderung während der kinderonkologischen Akuttherapie
Authors: Däggelmann J. , Walz T. , Otten S. , Prokop A. , Lösse V. , Jung L. , Maas V. , Bloch W. , Oschwald V. 
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Obwohl Studien zeigen, dass Bewegungsinterventionen während der stationären kinderonkologischen Akuttherapie sicher durchführbar sind und positive Effekte haben, fehlt es an einer flächendeckenden sporttherapeutischen Versorgung.

Ziel der Arbeit
Die vorliegende Publikation analysiert Daten zur Teilnahme, zu Hindernissen und zur Gestaltung eines stationären Sportprogramms mit den Zielen, Hinweise für die Etablierung weiterer Sportangebote zu generieren und die Bewegungsförderung während der pädiatrisch-onkologischen Akuttherapie zu verbessern.

Material und Methoden
Die Daten wurden zwischen September 2015 und August 2019 im Rahmen eines stationären Sportprogramms für onkologisch erkrankte Kinder und Jugendliche im Alter zwischen 2 und 22 Jahren erhoben.

Ergebnisse
In das Sportprogramm wurden 63 Kinder und Jugendliche für durchschnittlich 26 Wochen eingebunden. Die Teilnehmer*innen absolvierten 14,83 ± 12,25 von 28,17 ± 20,05 angebotenen Einheiten (Teilnahmequote: 56 %). Medizinische Gründe waren die häufigste Ursache, weshalb eine Trainingseinheit nicht wahrgenommen wurde. Nur 10 % der Einheiten wurden aus mangelnder Motivation abgelehnt. Die Dauer der Trainingseinheiten betrug ca. 25 min. Die Intensität lag im leichten bis moderaten Bereich.

Diskussion
Die Ergebnisse belegen das Interesse der Betroffenen an einem stationären Bewegungsangebot. Die Vielfalt der Trainingsinhalte unterstreicht die Bedeutung einer individuellen Adaptation der Sporttherapie. Gleichzeitig wird die Notwendigkeit eines „Minimalprogramms“ mit sehr leichten Intensitäten hervorgehoben. Optimierungsmöglichkeiten bestehen u. a. in einer höheren zeitlichen Flexibilität des Angebotes sowie der Ergänzung um ein selbstständiges Training mithilfe eines Bewegungsplanes.
In medio stat victus: Labor Demand Effects of an Increase in the Retirement Age
Authors: Boeri Tito , Garibaldi Pietro , Moen Espen R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAfter falling for four decades, statutory retirement ages are increasing in most OECD countries. The labor market adjustment to these reforms has not yet been thoroughly investigated by the literature. We draw on a major pension reform that took place in Italy in December 2011 that increased the retirement age by up to six years for some categories of workers. We have access to a unique dataset validated by the Italian social security administration (INPS), which identifies in each private firm, based on an administrative exam of eligibility conditions, how many workers were locked in by the sudden increase in the retirement age, and for how long. We find that firms mostly affected by the lock in are those that were downsizing even before the policy shock. The increase in the retirement age seems to displace more middle-aged workers than young workers. Furthermore, there is not a one-to-one increase in the number of older workers in the firms where some workers were locked in by the reform. We provide tentative explanations for these results, based on the interaction between retirement, employment protection legislation and liquidity constraints of firms.
High-quality percussion drilling with ultrashort laser pulses
Authors: Feuer A. , Weber R. , Feuer R. , Brinkmeier D. , Graf T. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe influence of the laser fluence on the quality of percussion-drilled holes was investigated both experimentally and by an analytical model. The study reveals that the edge quality of the drilled microholes depends on the laser fluence reaching the rear exit of the hole and changes with the number of pulses applied after breakthrough. The minimum fluence that must reach the hole’s exit in order to obtain high-quality microholes in stainless steel was experimentally found to be 2.8 times the ablation threshold.
How safe is BDSM? A literature review on fatal outcome in BDSM play
Authors: Schori Anouk , Jackowski Christian , Schön Corinna A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA noteworthy number of people are interested in BDSM (bondage and discipline, dominance and submission, sadism, and masochism). Fatal outcomes while participating in BDSM activities occur. The aim of this literature review is to give a better insight into potential dangerous BDSM play by summarizing published data on BDSM fatalities. A literature search was conducted. It was searched for non-natural death related to BDSM activity. Seventeen cases were found. The age of the deceased ranged between 23 and 49 years (mean age 34.9 years). Strangulation in the course of erotic asphyxiation was the most common cause of death (88.2%). In 13 cases, a toxicology report for the deceased was mentioned, of which in eight cases (61.5%) toxicology analysis was positive. In four of these cases, the BDSM partner was also tested positive with the same substance. Drugs or alcohol was involved in 64.3% of fatal BDSM play. In nine cases, the level of experience in BDMS activity of the deceased and the partner was described, and in all of them, the deceased and the partner were not new to BDSM play. Fatal outcomes of BDSM plays are rarer than autoerotic fatalities and natural deaths related to sexual activities. Safeguards and education on medical aspects exist in the BDSM communities. If they are followed by the practitioners, the risks of BDMS play can be reduced. Cases of non-natural death connected to BDSM are rare incidents and can be prevented.
High degree of non-genetic phenotypic variation in the vascular system of crayfish: a discussion of possible causes and implications
Authors: Scholz Stephan , Göpel Torben , Richter Stefan , Wirkner Christian S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this study, the hemolymph vascular system (HVS) in two cambarid crayfishes, i.e. the Marbled Crayfish, Procambarus virginalis Lyko, 2017 and the Spiny Cheek Crayfish, Faxonius limosus (Rafinesque, 1817), is investigated in regard of areas of non-genetic phenotypic variation. Despite their genetic identity, specimens of P. virginalis show variability in certain features of the HVS. Thus, we describe varying branching patterns, sporadic anastomoses, and different symmetry states in the vascular system of the marbled crayfish. We visualize our findings by application of classical and modern morphological methods, e.g. injection of casting resin, micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy. By comparing our findings for P. virginalis to the vasculature in sexually reproducing crayfishes, i.e. F. limosus and Astacus astacus, we discuss phenotypic variation of the HVS in arthropods in general. We conclude that constant features of the HVS are hereditary, whereas varying states identified by study of the clonal P. virginalis must be caused by non-genetic factors and, that congruent variations in sexually reproducing F. limosus and A. astacus are likely also non-genetic phenotypic variations. Both common causal factors for non-genetic phenotypic variation, i.e., phenotypic plasticity and stochastic developmental variation are discussed along our findings regarding the vascular systems. Further aspects, such as the significance of non-genetic phenotypic variation for phylogenetic interpretations are discussed.
UK experience of ofatumumab in recurrence of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis post-kidney transplant
Authors: Reynolds Ben C. , Lamb Angela , Jones Caroline A. , Yadav Pallavi , Tyerman Kay S. , Geddes Colin C. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS), commonly caused by focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), is associated with progression to stage 5 chronic kidney disease, requirement for kidney replacement therapy and a risk of disease recurrence post-kidney transplantation. Ofatumumab (OFA) is a fully humanised monoclonal antibody to CD20, with similar mechanisms of action to rituximab (RTX).

Methods
We report a case series of seven UK patients (five paediatric, two adult), all of whom developed FSGS recurrence after kidney transplantation and received OFA as part of their therapeutic intervention. All also received concomitant plasmapheresis. The 2-year outcome of these seven patients is reported, describing clinical course, kidney function and proteinuria.

Results
Four patients (all paediatric) achieved complete urinary remission with minimal proteinuria 12 months post-treatment. Three of those four also had normal graft function. Two patients showed partial remission—brief improvement to non-nephrotic proteinuria (197 mg/mmol) in one patient, maintained improvement in kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate 76 ml/min/1.73 m2) in the other. One patient did not demonstrate any response.

Conclusions
OFA may represent a useful addition to therapeutic options in the management of FSGS recurrence post-transplantation, including where RTX has shown no benefit. Concomitant plasmapheresis in all patients prevents any definitive conclusion that OFA was the beneficial intervention.
Logical English meets legal English for swaps and derivatives
Authors: Kowalski Robert , Datoo Akber 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we present an informal introduction to Logical English (LE) and illustrate its use to standardise the legal wording of the Automatic Early Termination (AET) clauses of International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA) Agreements. LE can be viewed both as an alternative to conventional legal English for expressing legal documents, and as an alternative to conventional computer languages for automating legal documents. LE is a controlled natural language (CNL), which is designed both to be computer-executable and to be readable by English speakers without special training. The basic form of LE is syntactic sugar for logic programs, in which all sentences have the same standard form, either as rules of the formconclusion if conditionsor as unconditional sentences of the formconclusion.However, LE extends normal logic programming by introducing features that are present in other computer languages and other logics. These features include typed variables signalled by common nouns, and existentially quantified variables in theconclusionsof sentences signalled by indefinite articles. Although LE translates naturally into a logic programming language such as Prolog or ASP, it can also serve as a neutral standard, which can be compiled into other lower-level computer languages.
Invading parasites: spillover of an alien nematode reduces survival in a native species
Authors: Romeo Claudia , Piscitelli Anna Pia , Santicchia Francesca , Martinoli Adriano , Ferrari Nicola , Wauters Lucas A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIt is widely assumed that spillover of alien parasites to native host species severely impacts naïve populations, ultimately conferring a competitive advantage to invading hosts that introduced them. Despite such host-switching events occurring in biological invasions, studies demonstrating the impact of alien macroparasites on native animal hosts are surprisingly few. In Europe, native red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) are replaced by introduced North American grey squirrels (S. carolinensis) mainly through resource competition, and, only in the United Kingdom and Ireland, by competition mediated by a viral disease. In Italy such disease is absent, but spillover of an introduced North American nematode (Strongyloides robustus) from grey to red squirrels is known to occur. Here, we used long-term (9 years) capture-mark-recapture and parasitological data of red squirrels in areas co-inhabited by grey squirrels in Northern Italy to investigate the impact of this alien helminth on naïve native squirrels’ body mass, local survival, and reproduction of females. We found no negative effect of the alien parasite on body mass or reproductive success, but intensity of infection by S. robustus reduced survival of both male and female squirrels. Significantly, survival of squirrels co-infected by their native nematode, Trypanoxyuris sciuri, was less affected by S. robustus, suggesting a protective effect of the native helminth against the new infection. Hence, we demonstrate that alien S. robustus spillover adds to the detrimental effects of resource competition and stress induced by grey squirrels, further reducing the fitness of the native species in the presence of the invasive competitor.
Addition of Al(OH)3 versus AlO(OH) nanoparticles on the optical, thermo-mechanical and heat/oxygen transmission properties of microfibrillated cellulose films
Authors: Kolar Tjaša , Mušič Branka , Korošec Romana Cerc , Kokol Vanja 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDifferently structured aluminum (tri/mono) hydroxide (Al(OH)3 /AlO(OH)) nanoparticles were prepared and used as thermal-management additives to microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), cast-dried in thin-layer films. Both particles increased the thermal stability of the MFC film, yielding 20–23% residue at 600 °C, and up to 57% lowered enthalpy (to 5.5–7.5 kJ/g) at 0.15 wt% of loading, while transforming to alumina (Al2O3). However, the film containing 40 nm large Al(OH)3 particles decomposed in a one-step process, and released up to 20% more energy between 300 and 400 °C as compared to the films prepared from smaller (21 nm) and meta-stable AlO(OH), which decomposed gradually with an exothermic peak shifted to 480 °C. The latter resulted in a highly flexible, optically transparent (95%), and mechanically stronger (5.7 GPa) film with a much lower specific heat capacity (0.31–0.28 J/gK compared to 0.68–0.89 J/gK for MFC-Al(OH)3 and 0.87–1.26 for MFC films), which rendered it as an effective heat-dissipating material to be used in flexible opto-electronics. Low oxygen permeability (2192.8 cm3/m2day) and a hydrophobic surface (> 60°) also rendered such a film useful in ecologically-benign and thermosensitive packaging.