bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound Studies On Mycoplasma Bronchopneumonia
Authors: Tripaldi Clelia , Polito Marella , Iacoviello Onofrio , Basile Vincenzo , De Bellis Teresa , Fortunato Maria , Laforgia Francesca , Rubino Mariangela , Scalini Egisto , Silletti Maria , Lofù Ignazio 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background Pediatric bronchopneumonia represents a clinical challenge, especially when it comes to the identification of its etiology. We performed a retrospective study on 100 patients admitted to our pediatric department. Only patients with bronchopneumonic thickening were selected, discharged with a diagnosis of Community - Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) or bronchopneumonia. The purpose of our study was to identify Mycoplasma pneumonia based on lung ultrasound (LUS) findings. Methods At least two lung LUS were performed on each patient: on admission and few days after start of therapy, with some patients undergoing a third ultrasound evaluation approximately one week after discharge. These reports were collected for each patient together with clinical and laboratory data. The study population was divided into two groups: patients who tested positive for Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Myc-CAP) and negative ones (non-Myc-CAP). All patients performed serological test for determination of anti-mycoplasma antibodies, and in doubtful cases also molecular test with PCR on pharyngeal exudate. Results The results obtained after statistical analysis showed no significant differences in LUS findings between the two groups, that could allow a positive differential diagnosis of Myc-CAP without resorting to laboratory testing. Conclusions LUS undoubtedly represents a valid and irreplaceable help in the morphological study of pulmonary lesions over the course of disease from the time of admission to follow-up.
Dexmedetomidine Alleviates Hyperalgesia in Arthritis Rats Through Inhibition of the p38MAPK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Nie Bin , Jiang Hui , Chen Hong , Liu Qiong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has showed significant analgesic effects in neuropathic pain, but the underlying mechanism has remained elusive. Our present study aimed to explore the effect of DEX on hyperalgesia with the involvement of p38MAPK signaling pathway a rat model of monoarthritis (MA).Methods: MA rat model was induced by injection of Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA). Pathological changes of ma rats were observed by HE staining and Safranin-O/Fast Green staining. Ankle circumference, paw withdrawal latency (PWL) and paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) was measured to judge the degree of hyperalgesia in MA rats. Immunohistochemistry and ELISA were applied to observe the degree of inflammation in rats. Western blot analysis was conducted to detect expression of p38MAPK signaling pathway-related factors. The mechanism of p38MAPK signaling pathway in MA rats was observed via treatment of Anisomycin or SB203580 combined with DEX.Results: After 8 h of CFA induction, joint swelling and hyperalgesia occurred in rats. There were obvious pathological changes in the joint cavity, the joint cavity space became narrow and synovial bursa became rough. A large number of inflammatory cell infiltration was observed under microscope. After injection of DEX and SB203580, PWT and PWL was prolonged, the expression of serum inflammatory factors was decreased, and the expression of p38MAPK signaling pathway-related factors was decreased; while all the detected indexes were recovered in MA rats after treated with DEX and Anisomycin.Conclusions: Our study provided evidence that DEX could alleviate hyperalgesia in arthritis rats through inhibition of the p38MAPK signaling pathway.
Application of Machine Learning to Predict Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis from Micropapillary Thyroid Carcinoma with Ultrasound
Authors: Shen Bo , Zhou Chao , Xu Chaoli , Yang Bin , Wu Xiaoman , Fu Xiaodan , Liu Siyue , Sun Jiaying , Zhang Qirui , Zhu Zheng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background This study aims to determine the prediction performance of a machine learning-based clinical model for cervical lymph node metastasis (CLNM) in micropapillary thyroid carcinoma (MPTC) with ultrasound (US).Methods Patients with MPTC who underwent total or hemithyroidectomy with unilateral or bilateral prophylactic central neck dissection were included (n = 692). Nodal status was pathologically determined. Clinical and US features and thyroid function markers were extracted to build a random forest model. A nomogram with the significant predictive risk factors from multivariable logistic regression analysis was built to visualize hazard rates. Finally, the predictive performances of the models were compared.Results Overall, 332 patients (47.98%) had CLNM. In multiple logistic regression, the strong predictive risk factors for CLNM were younger age, larger anteroposterior diameter, lower anteroposterior/transverse diameter (A/T) ratio, and higher thyroglobulin (TG) concentration (P < 0.05). The random forest and nomogram models showed good predictive performance with the area under the curves (AUCs) of 0.836 and 0.780, respectively, which were significantly higher than those without A/T ratio in the models (AUCs: 0.807 vs. 0.722, all P < 0.05). The AUC of the A/T ratio as a single feature for predicting CLNM was 0.744, while A/T ratio (≤ 0.828) combined with anteroposterior diameter (≥ 10 mm) yielded a higher AUC of 0.754 for predicting CLNM.Conclusions The machine learning-based clinical model with US had a good predictive performance for CLNM in MPTC patients. This clinical model may facilitate surgical decision-making for MPTC, especially regarding whether cervical lymph node dissection is warranted.
Do Programme Coordinators Contribute to the Professional Development of Residents? An Exploratory Study
Authors: Aono Mayumi , Obara Haruo , Kawakami Chihiro , Imafuku Rintaro , Saiki Takuya , Barone Michael A. , Suzuki Yasuyuki 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: With the development of training programmes for health professions, the role of programme coordinators has become increasingly important. However, their role in providing educational support for the professional development of resident trainees has not been well investigated. This study aimed to qualitatively analyse the involvement of programme coordinators in educational support for residents.Methods: Semi-structured reflective writing on “support for residents” was collected from programme coordinators in teaching hospitals in Japan in 2017-18 using a web-based questionnaire. Descriptions were qualitatively analysed thematically, using the professional identity formation (PIF) framework. Results: A total of 39 cases of “support for residents” by 31 coordinators were analysed. We found that prior personal problems, including mental health issues and insufficient social skills/unprofessional behaviour, were the most common issues that residents faced. Thematic analysis revealed that coordinators played a variety of educational roles: 1) requesting supervisors to re-consider their teaching; 2) protecting residents from the negative influence of clinical experiences; 3) facilitating residents’ self-assessment and confidence; 4) creating a safer learning environment; 5) providing support for prior personal problems, 5-1) fostering a better atmosphere for the mental health of residents, 5-2) intervening for residents with insufficient social skills/unprofessional behaviour; 6) providing support for isolated residents; and 7) preventing problems with peers. Conclusions: This study identified seven educational roles of programme coordinators for residents from a standpoint of PIF of residents. It also discussed four valuable attributes for coordinators: non-hierarchical relationships with residents, parenting attitudes, sensitivity to residents’ change, and the perspective of a member of the public. These attributes would underpin coordinators’ educational roles and facilitate the professional development of residents. This study provides a basis for defining and revising the role profiles of programme coordinators.
Overexpression of RAB34 associates with tumor aggressiveness and immune infiltration in glioma
Authors: Hou Peng , Wan Quan , Wang Qing , Wu Xuechao , Lu Xiaojie 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

RAB34 is aberrantly expressed in various cancers and exhibits oncogenic properties. However, its function in glioma remains largely unclear. Herein, we investigated the clinical value and biological functions of RAB34 in glioma.
Methods

In this study, we collected 697 RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset and 325 RNA-seq data from Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) dataset. CCK-8 and EdU assays were employed to assess cell proliferation ability. The transwell assay was utilized to explore cell migration and invasion capacities. Western blot coupled with qRT-PCR were employed to determine the protein, as well as RNA contents. The statistical analyses along with the graphical work were mainly implemented in the R software.
Results

RAB34 expression was positively related to the glioma tumor grade, and predicted poor outcomes for glioma patients. RAB34 expression was significantly upregulated in classical and mesenchymal subtypes, and IDH wild-type gliomas. Additionally, RAB34 expression was regulated by promoter DNA methylation. Moreover, RAB34 expression was remarkably correlated with inflammatory activities, immune infiltration, and immune checkpoints in glioma. In vitro experiments demonstrated that inhibition of RAB34 restrained the growth, migration, as well as invasion of glioma cells, and reversed the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process.
Conclusion

Our findings established RAB34 as a novel progression-related biomarker and a possible immunotherapy target for glioma.
An Evaluation of Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment Methods in a Rapidly Urbanizing City: Evidence From Dakar, Senegal
Authors: Pouye Abdoulaye , Faye Seynabou Cissé , Diedhiou Mathias , Gaye Cheikh Becaye , Taylor Richard G. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In rapidly growing cities in the tropics, unregulated urban development presents a major risk to groundwater quality. Here, we assess the vulnerability of an unconfined aquifer of Quaternary sands in the Thiaroye area of Dakar (Senegal) to contamination using four GIS-based indices (DRASTIC, DRASTIC_N, SINTACS, SI). Our correlation of assessed vulnerability to observed impact is semi-quantitative, relating observed groundwater quality, based on nitrate concentrations and tryptophan-like fluorescence to vulnerability degrees (i.e. coincidence rates). We show that considerably more of the Thiaroye area has a “very high vulnerability” according to SI (36%) relative to DRASTIC (5%) and SINTACS (9%); “high vulnerability” is estimated using DRASTIC_N (100%), DRASTIC (66%) and SINTACS (69%). Single-parameter sensitivity tests show that groundwater depth, soil, topography, land use and redox parameters strongly influence assessments of groundwater vulnerability. Correlation with observed nitrate concentrations reveals aquifer vulnerability is better represented by SI (coincidence rates of 56%) relative to DRASTIC_N (43%), SINTACS (38%) and DRASTIC (34%). The underestimation of groundwater vulnerability in Dakar using DRASTIC, DRASTIC_N and SINTACS is attributed to their reliance on an assumed capacity of the unsaturated zone to attenuate surface or near-surface contaminant loading, which in the low-income (Thiaroye) area of Dakar is thin and affords limited protection. The inclusion of a land-use parameter in SI improves the characterization of groundwater vulnerability in this low-income, rapidly urbanizing area of Dakar.
Inclusion of milled canola grain in the diet of broilers
Authors: de Souza Cleverson , Nunes Ricardo Vianna , de Souza Cleison , Cesar Paula Horácio , Bedin Aline Felix Schneider , Lovatto Francieli Sordi , Gewehr Clóvis Eliseu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The effect of milled canola grain (MCG) in the diet of broiler chickens, from 1 to 42 days old, on performance, organ weight, biochemical profile, and carcass yield was evaluated. A total of 660 one-day-old male Cobb® broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design with six levels of inclusion of MCG in the diet (0; 5; 10; 15; 20, and 25%), totaling six treatments with five replicates of 22 birds. The canola used for the experiment was ground using a hammer mill with a 4.5 mm sieve to obtain a DGM of 955 µm. Performance data, organ index, blood biochemical profile, carcass yields, and cut up weights were evaluated. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA), and when there was significance Dunnett’ test was used to compare the inclusion levels the control diet. An effect was seen on mean weights and on feed conversion based on the inclusion level of MCG in the diets. The birds that received 20 and 25% inclusion of canola in the diet presented a worse performance in relation to that of the control. For the other variables analyzed, no effect of the treatments was observed when compared with the control (p > 0.05). It was concluded that the inclusion level of MCG in the diet of up to 15% can be used without losses to the performance of birds and without influencing the metabolism of the birds.
Efficacy of standardized rehabilitation in the treatment of diastasis rectus abdominis in postpartum women in eastern China
Authors: Hu Jing , Gu Juanfen , Yu Zhiyan , Yang Xianxu , Fan Jian , You Lingying , Hua Qinyan , Zhao Yuting , Yan Yuerong , Bai Weiwei , Xu Zipeng , You Lina , Chen Chaobo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

The aim of the study is to retrospective summarize the experience and efficacy in the treatment of Diastasis Rectus Abdominis (DRA) via standardized rehabilitation procedures in eastern China.
Methods

This retrospective study included the parturients with DRA from January 2017 to May 2021 at the Xishan People’s Hospital of Wuxi. Patients were separated standardized rehabilitation group (SR) and non-standardized rehabilitation group (non-SR). The outcomes were the change of rectus abdominis separation and Physical Functioning Scale (PFs). Data of measurement were compared between the two groups using Student's t-test or Fisher's exact test. Multivariate linear regression was used to analyze the factors associated with standardized rehabilitation process. P value < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results

A total of 294 patients with DRA were included in the study. Among the 294 patients, 171 patients were treated with SR (SR), and the other 123 patients were treated without SR process (non-SR). Comparing with non-SR, the separation of the rectus abdominis was statistically significantly reduced in SR after standardized rehabilitation treatment (p value<0.0001). The results of multiple linear regression model analysis suggested that standardized rehabilitation is an independent factor influencing the prognosis of DRA in Parturients (P<0.0001). The quality of life of the study group was statistically significantly improved (p value<0.0001).
Conclusions

Standardized rehabilitation method has the advantages of high efficiency in the treatment of DRA in postpartum women and can improve the quality of life of parturients.
Foliar Application of Flavonoids (rutin) Regulates Phytoremediation Efficiency of Amaranthus Hypochondriacus by Altering the Permeability of Cell Membranes and Immobilizing Excess Cd in the Cell Wall
Authors: Kang Yuchen , Liu Jiaxin , Yang Li , Li Na , Wang Yuhao , Ao Tianqi , Chen Wenqing 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The gap between the current serious soil heavy metal (HM) contamination situation and the low efficiency of soil remediation has become one of the factors limiting economic development and human health. The aim of this study was to propose a method to improve the efficiency of phytoremediation by exogenous rutin application and to explain the potential mechanism. A series of rutin treatments were designed to evaluate the biomass, cadmium (Cd) accumulation and phytoremediation efficiency responses of Amaranthus hypochondriacus to different levels of rutin (0.5, 1.5, and 5 ppm) under different Cd stress levels (10, 25, 50, and 100 ppm). The determination of cell membrane damage indicators, the subcellular distribution of Cd and the establishment of a predictive model for Cd accumulation were also carried out. The results showed a decline in cell membrane damage with rutin application, and more Cd ions were immobilized in the cell wall than in the vacuole, resulting in an increase in Cd tolerance in plants. The addition of rutin caused significant effects on the synthesis of glutathione (GSH), including the advancement of the conversion of GSH to phytochelatins (PCs). Among them, PC2 and PC3 in the leaves contributed the most to the high accumulation of Cd in Amaranthus hypochondriacus according to the prediction model. Overall, the phytoremediation efficiency and phytoextraction amount of Amaranthus hypochondriacus with foliar rutin application were improved significantly by 260% and 319%, respectively. These findings can contribute to the further development of soil remediation in Cd-contaminated fields.
An Endeavor of ‘Deep-underground Agriculture’: Deep-underground Storage in a Gold Mine Impacts the Germination of Canola (Brassica Napus L.) Seeds
Authors: Wang Yang , He Yuxin , Wang Jingchen , Liu Chao , Li Longguo , Tan Xiao , Tan Bo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Exploring and utilizing the agronomic potential of deep-underground is one of the ways to cope with the challenges of sudden environmental change on agriculture. Understanding the effects of environmental stresses on the morphological and physiological indicators of crop seeds after their storage deep-underground is crucial to developing and implementing strategies for agriculture in the deep-underground space. In this study, we stored canola seeds in envelopes or sealed packages at 0, 240, 690, and 1,410 m in a gold mine. Seeds in envelopes were retrieved at 42, 66, 90, and 227 days of storage, whereas seeds in sealed packages were retrieved at 66 and 227 days of storage. The germination tests were conducted to investigate the effects of storage depth, duration, and packing method on stored and non-stored seeds. Results showed that increased depth and duration led to decreased seed germination rate, with the germination and vigor indexes also descending to varying degrees. Increased hypocotyl length and biomass accumulation suggested that deep-underground environment had more significant compensatory effect on seed germination. For all indicators, the performance of seeds sealed in packages was superior to those stored in envelopes. Regression analysis showed that it was difficult to obtain the optimal value of each indicator simultaneously. The successful germination experiment foreshadowed the possibilities of deep-underground agriculture in the future.
Effects of La2O3 Nanoparticles and Bulk-La2O3 on the Development of Pfaffia Glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen and Respective Nutrient Elements Concentration
Authors: Neves Vinicius Machado , Heidrich Graciela Marini , Costa Camila Cavalheiro , Farias Julia Gomes , Nicoloso Fernando Teixeira , Pozebon Dirce , Dressler Valderi Luiz 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) have been progressively applied in the last decades, which may impact the environment. Synthesis of pigments and nutrient elements uptake by plants can also be affected by NPs. The influence of lanthanum oxide nanoparticles (La2O3 NPs) on growth, pigments synthesis and nutrient elements uptake by Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen, a medicinal plant native in South America, were evaluated in the present study. P. glomerata plantlets were cultivated for 28 days in the absence (control) and presence of 100, 200 and 400 mg L−1 of La2O3 NPs or bulk-La2O3 (b-La2O3) at the same cultivation conditions. Root development, aerial part growth and pigments concentration in plants were affected by b-La2O3 and La2O3 NPs, mainly by La2O3 NPs. Calcium, Cu, Fe, K, La, Mg, Mn, Mo, P, S and Zn determination in stems and leaves revealed drastically and similar decrease of nutrient elements in plants cultivated in presence of 400 mg L−1 of La2O3 NPs or b-La2O3. Alteration of nutrient elements concentration was also observed for the other treatments. Mapping of elements (using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) in leaves of plants submitted to treatment with 400 mg L−1 of b-La2O3 or La2O3 NPs showed differences in the distribution of elements, indicating distinct effects of b-La2O3 and La2O3 NPs on P. glomerata. As such, this study demonstrated that La2O3 NPs may impact plants growth.
Prognostic Indicators and Treatment Strategies for Diffuse Midline Glioma: a Systematic Review
Authors: Fiorino Michael , Kostick Nathan , Baughn Caroline , Bolufer Alexander , Iwai Takuma , Alkassis Fariz , Scherer Andrea 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
IntroductionDiffuse Midline Gliomas (DMGs) are a class of grade IV gliomas associated with a very dismal prognosis. Despite many decades of research, a cure for DMG has yet to be found. In this paper, we will review the drugs and therapeutic techniques published in the scientific literature for DMG.MethodsA comprehensive search of current literature was conducted in MEDLINE/PubMed. Relevant studies were identified among those in the English language published after 1990 to the present. The Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) search term consisted of the singular phrase “diffuse midline glioma”. Prior to completion of the full-text review, a total of 298 articles were identified as of 26 April 2021. For this systematic review, 20 studies were included after review.ResultsRecent genetic testing has identified a H3K27M mutation that is characteristic of DMGs. This finding has helped pave the way in developing new therapeutic agents and techniques for DMG. Although these newer drugs and therapeutic modalities have not been shown to cure DMG, some of them have been shown to increase overall survival and reduce symptom severity in select patients.ConclusionsAt this point in time, there is no best treatment agent/modality for patients with DMG; rather, the treatment plan should be tailored to the patient’s specific type of DMG. More research is needed to develop better therapeutics and provide improved outcomes to patients.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Utilization of Emergency Contraception Among Women of Reproductive Age in Arsi Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Negussie Getu Teshome , Jima Aman , Shiferaw Alemu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Unintended pregnancies, pregnancies that occur within short intervals as well as unsafe abortion could be avoided by using contraceptives. Therefore: assessment of emergency contraceptives among unmarried women is importance because of high rates of unintended sexual intercourse leading to unwanted pregnancies as well as unsafe abortion. Methods: A cross-sectional community based household survey was conducted among 965 women chosen by systematic random sampling at Arsi zone. Descriptive statistics was presented with text and frequency tables. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was carried out by Epi Info version 5.3.1 and exported to SPSS version 21. The association was also presented using odds ratios and 95% confidence levels. P-value of < 0.05 is used to declare the significance of association between variables. Results: From the total respondent participated in the study, 373 (38.7 %), 61.8%, and 11.2% of the total unmarried women had awareness, attitude and used emergency contraception respectively. Age, educational status, occupation, having experience of sexual intercourse and having discussion on reproductive health are significantly associated with awareness of emergency contraception. Conclusions: There is high level of knowledge, but low utilization of emergency contraceptives among unmarried women. Therefore, there is a need to emphasize on increasing awareness and accessibly as an option with other contraceptive method to all unmarried women in the study area.