bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward net-zero sustainable aviation fuel with wet waste–derived volatile fatty acids
Authors: Huq Nabila A. , Hafenstine Glenn R. , Huo Xiangchen , Nguyen Hannah , Tifft Stephen M. , Conklin Davis R. , Stück Daniela , Stunkel Jim , Yang Zhibin , Heyne Joshua S. , Wiatrowski Matthew R. , Zhang Yimin , Tao Ling , Zhu Junqing , McEnally Charles S. , Christensen Earl D. , Hays Cameron , Van Allsburg Kurt M. , Unocic Kinga A. , Meyer Harry M. , Abdullah Zia , Vardon Derek R. 
Published: March 2021

Significance
To meet the growing demand for sustainable aviation fuels (SAF), conversion pathways are needed that leverage wet waste carbon and meet jet fuel property specifications. Here, we demonstrate SAF production from food waste–derived volatile fatty acids (VFA) by targeting normal paraffins for a near-term path to market and branched isoparaffins to increase the renewable content long term. Combining these distinct paraffin structures was shown to synergistically improve VFA-SAF flash point and viscosity to increase the renewable blend limit to 70%. Life cycle analysis shows the dramatic impact on the carbon footprint if food waste is diverted from landfills to produce VFA-SAF, highlighting the potential to meet jet fuel safety, operability, and environmental goals.
Evidence supporting a time-limited hippocampal role in retrieving autobiographical memories
Authors: Gilmore Adrian W. , Quach Alina , Kalinowski Sarah E. , González-Araya Estefanía I. , Gotts Stephen J. , Schacter Daniel L. , Martin Alex 
Published: March 2021

Significance
The hippocampus is central to healthy memory function, yet its necessity for remembering events from the distant past remains unclear. Prominent hypotheses alternatively suggest a time-limited or an indefinite role. fMRI evidence, typically based on silent in-scanner recall, has been equivocal, possibly because it provides sparse information of the content being remembered. Here, we asked fMRI participants to verbally describe recent and remote memories. After accounting for neural activity associated with the moment-to-moment memory content of recalled memories, we observed a temporally graded pattern of activity within the posterior hippocampus and found that recent—but not remote—event recall significantly activated the hippocampus relative to a non-autobiographical control task. Our findings support a time-limited hippocampal role in autobiographical memory.
Analysis of chronic inflammatory lesions of the colon for BMMF Rep antigen expression and CD68 macrophage interactions
Authors: Bund Timo , Nikitina Ekaterina , Chakraborty Deblina , Ernst Claudia , Gunst Karin , Boneva Boyana , Tessmer Claudia , Volk Nadine , Brobeil Alexander , Weber Achim , Heikenwalder Mathias , zur Hausen Harald , de Villiers Ethel-Michele 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Bovine meat and milk factors (BMMF) are routinely found in bovine sera and dairy products, predominantly of Eurasian dairy cattle. BMMF DNA and proteins are demonstrated in tissues of colon cancer patients, specifically interstitial macrophages of peritumor tissues. BMMF represent plasmid-like, zoonotic infectious agents with an indirect role in cancer formation by inducing chronic inflammation leading to oxidative stress and DNA mutation in nearby replicating cells, which may develop into polyps as progenitors for colon cancer. Detection of BMMF during long latency periods prior to symptoms developing allows for specific preventive and early therapeutic measures. Detection of BMMF might offer a prognostic tool for prediction of patient survival, preventive approaches, and therapy success.
The intrinsic instability of the hydrolase domain of lipoprotein lipase facilitates its inactivation by ANGPTL4-catalyzed unfolding
Authors: Leth-Espensen Katrine Z. , Kristensen Kristian K. , Kumari Anni , Winther Anne-Marie L. , Young Stephen G. , Jørgensen Thomas J. D. , Ploug Michael 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Dietary lipids are packaged into triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles and delivered to many tissues via the bloodstream. A complex of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and its endothelial cell receptor, GPIHBP1, hydrolyzes lipoprotein triglycerides, releasing fatty acids for uptake by surrounding cells. The efficiency of triglyceride hydrolysis is regulated by physiologic LPL inhibitors: ANGPTL-3, -4, and -8. We defined the binding site for ANGPTL4 on LPL and showed that ANGPTL4 induces allosteric changes in LPL that progress to irreversible unfolding and collapse of LPL’s catalytic site. The binding of GPIHBP1 to LPL augments LPL stability and renders LPL less susceptible to inactivation by ANGPTL4. Our studies provide crucial insights into molecular mechanisms that regulate intravascular triglyceride metabolism.
Translanguaging or code-switching?
Authors: Chan Brian Hok-Shing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe emergence of “translanguaging” as a concept referring to bilingual practices has challenged the appropriateness of “code-switching” – the term that has been most influential in studies of bilingualism and language mixing. Reassessing the literature on Cantonese-English mixing in Hong Kong, this paper suggests that the kind of spontaneous code-switching in peer talk, largely intra-sentential (or intra-clausal) and intra-turn, can indeed be recast as translanguaging, where speakers transcend language boundaries between Cantonese and English for the purpose of meaning-making. Nevertheless, Hong Kong speakers do constantly draw language boundaries by marking words as English or Cantonese, both in metalinguistic judgment and in real-time language production. Revisiting an unpublished dataset of radio talk, this paper further illustrates a number of sequences in which Cantonese speakers may “languagise” the code-switched words or expressions as “English”. It is concluded that, in a Conversation-Analytic understanding, the difference between “translanguaging” and “code-switching” boils down to “languagising”, and the contrast between the two notions may have been overstated.
Reflex prediction
Authors: Bodt Timotheus A. , List Johann-Mattis 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWhile analysing lexical data of Western Kho-Bwa languages of the Sino-Tibetan or Trans-Himalayan family with the help of a computer-assisted approach for historical language comparison, we observed gaps in the data where one or more varieties lacked forms for certain concepts. We employed a new workflow, combining manual and automated steps, to predict the most likely phonetic realisations of the missing forms in our data, by making systematic use of the information on sound correspondences in words that were potentially cognate with the missing forms. This procedure yielded a list of hypothetical reflexes of previously identified cognate sets, which we first preregistered as an experiment on the prediction of unattested word forms and then compared with actual word forms elicited during secondary fieldwork. In this study we first describe the workflow which we used to predict hypothetical reflexes and the process of elicitation of actual word forms during fieldwork. We then present the results of our reflex prediction experiment. Based on this experiment, we identify four general benefits of reflex prediction in historical language comparison. These comprise (1) an increased transparency of linguistic research, (2) an increased efficiency of field and source work, (3) an educational aspect which offers teachers and learners a wide plethora of linguistic phenomena, including the regularity of sound change, and (4) the possibility of kindling speakers’ interest in their own linguistic heritage.
Acquiring the core-peripheral distinction in split intransitivity
Authors: Wu Lili , Spring Ryan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study presents the results of an experimental investigation into the L2 acquisition of the core-peripheral
distinction in the syntax of split intransitivity by L1 Mandarin EFL learners to verify whether or not their L2 acquisition is
lexically constrained by the Split Intransitivity Hierarchy, which predicts that core verbs have primacy in both L1 and L2
acquisition over peripheral ones (Sorace, 2000, 2004, 2011). Two diagnostics of English split intransitivity, the
prenominal past participles (PPPs) and the for hours constructions, were used to test native English speakers and
Mandarin EFL learners’ gradient acceptability with respect to core-peripheral verb classes. The results of an acceptability
judgment test show that both native speakers and nonnative speakers are sensitive to the core-peripheral distinction in the two
diagnostics, and EFL learners exhibit a native-like sensitivity to core unaccusatives in PPPs but not in the for
hours constructions. The results confirm that the core-peripheral distinction can be accounted for neither by L1
transfer nor L2 input, which suggests for the behavior is due to direct access to semantic universals in the L2 acquisition of
split intransitivity syntax.
An intermodal approach to cohesion in constrained and unconstrained language
Authors: Kajzer-Wietrzny Marta 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article investigates cohesion in the spoken and written registers of constrained language varieties to highlight the similarities and differences in the cohesion patterns of mediated (i.e., interpreted and translated) and non-native texts with respect to original texts produced by native speakers. In particular, it examines how different types of cohesive devices are distributed across spoken and written native, non-native, and mediated speeches originally delivered impromptu and read out at the plenary sessions of the European Parliament. The dataset comes from the European Translation and Interpreting Corpus (EPTIC) (Ferraresi and Bernardini 2019). The context provides a rare opportunity to examine the spoken and written registers of professional communication, both mono- and multilingual, in a relatively homogenous setting. First, in the exploratory analysis, I investigate the distribution of different types of cohesive devices across the investigated varieties drawing on mosaic plots and correspondence analysis. Thereafter, I make use of regression modelling of the overall frequency of cohesive devices across the examined varieties to evaluate the effect of constrainedness, mode of delivery, and individual variation. The results indicate that non-native and mediated texts do diverge from native production in the use of cohesive devices, but in different ways.
Legal meta-comments in the think-aloud protocols of legal translators and lawyers
Authors: Griebel Cornelia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In order to ensure successful subprocesses within the overall legal translation process, a correct and
comprehensive understanding of the source text is crucial. Legal translators must be able to grasp all the legal, linguistic,
communicative, and situational dimensions of the text. The focus of this study is on the cognitive processes involved in the first
reading phase of the legal translation process and, in particular, on the question of whether legal translators and lawyers have
different text reception processes. By analysing the think-aloud protocols recorded in a mixed-methods study, legal
meta-comments (LMCs) from translators and lawyers are examined and compared. The results suggest that the two groups
approach the text from different angles, which leads to some suggestions for further developing the training of legal
translators.
Unlocking the power of productive classroom talk for early second language acquisition
Authors: Frijns Carolien , Van den Branden Kris 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study investigates whether participation in classroom interaction and a specific type of affective priming
using parents’ pictures had positive effects on ethnic minority children’s L2 vocabulary acquisition. A quasi-experimental study
was set up in which preschoolers-at-risk were engaged in a task-based intervention with different types of affective priming while
they were participating in, or overhearing, classroom interaction in the L2. The results of the study indicated significant main
effects of (1) the children’s prior proficiency in the second language and (2) their participation in productive classroom
interaction on their vocabulary acquisition. A significant interaction effect was found for overhearing and school disliking. For
affective priming, no significant effects were found. This present study provides evidence that both participating in, and
overhearing, productive classroom talk are powerful ways to boost young children’s L2 vocabulary acquisition.
English in Namibia
Authors: Stell Gerald 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter provides a socio-historical account
of the English language in Namibia from early colonial times to the
present. Although its current dominant status in Namibia may at
first sight appear historically incongruous, English was locally
acknowledged as a prestige language along with Afrikaans and German
from the earliest stages of the South African occupation
(1915–1990), one with which SWAPO, the dominant liberation movement,
as well as its populous northern support base, strongly identified.
This chapter pays attention to the considerations that led to
English becoming Namibia’s only official language upon independence.
Furthermore, this chapter reviews indications that – despite the
challenges besetting its implementation as medium of instruction –
English is developing distinctively local spoken varieties.
Voices from the post-independence classroom
Authors: Steigertahl Helene 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
With its implementation as Namibia’s sole
official language, English also became the only medium of
instruction after mother tongue education during the first school
years. This generated advantages as well as disadvantages,
particularly in the educational sector, as English had – except in
the northern regions – hardly been used in Namibia until 1990. This
article discusses Namibia’s educational policy, assessing both
quantitative and qualitative data on the use of English and home
languages in the Namibian classroom. In this context, the results of
a quantitative questionnaire study are triangulated with the
analysis of qualitative interviews providing a more comprehensive
view on the linguistic situation in (English) classrooms in
post-Independence Namibia.
The question of structural nativization in Namibian
English
Authors: Buschfeld Sarah 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The question of whether the English as spoken in
Namibia can be considered a (second-language) variety or should
rather be considered a learner English was first addressed in Buschfeld and Kautzsch (2014).
The present study approaches this question from a quantitative
perspective, focusing on the use of progressive morphology (i.e.,
verb+ing) in Namibian English (NamE).
The findings suggest that NamE is characterized by local and
innovative, extended uses of progressive marking. I discuss whether
these can be considered nativized features and conclude that this is
a complex question in which a variety of factors have to be
considered, most importantly the fact that NamE is not a monolithic
whole but stratified along the lines of speakers’ ages and
ethnicities.
High-accuracy calculations of the lowest eleven Rydberg 2
P states of the Li atom
Authors: Nasiri Saeed , Shomenov Toreniyaz , Bubin Sergiy , Adamowicz Ludwik 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Highly accurate calculations are reported for the eleven lowest states of the 2
P Rydberg series (1s
2
np
1, n = 2, …, 12) of the lithium atom. The nonrelativistic wave functions of the states are expanded in terms of up to 16 000 all-electron explicitly correlated Gaussian (ECG) basis functions. The ECG exponential parameters are variationally optimized using a method that employs the analytical energy gradient determined for the parameters. The finite-nuclear-mass effects of the 6Li and 7Li isotopes are explicitly included in the nonrelativistic variational calculations. The results also include the leading relativistic and quantum electrodynamics energy corrections computed using the framework of perturbation theory. The calculated interstate transition energies are compared with the available experimental data. The 6Li–7Li isotope shifts of the transition energies are determined.
Anomalous diameter dependent electrical transport in individual CuO nanowire
Authors: Kajli Sourav Kumar , Ray Debdutta , Roy Somnath C 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Cupric oxide (CuO) nanostructure arrays have been extensively investigated for solar energy harvesting, electrochemical energy storage, chemical sensing, field-effect transistors, etc. Although most of these applications depend on the collective behavior of an array of such structures, analysis of electrical transport in a single nanostructure, which are the building blocks, is essential for understanding both the fundamental aspects and device performance. Here we report the electrical conduction mechanism in thermally grown single CuO nanowire (NW), which reveals that the current density has an anomalous dependence on the diameter of the NWs—decreasing with an increase in diameter. An analysis of the electrical behavior at room temperature shows that the current density in CuO NWs has different slopes in different regions of the applied bias indicating distinct types of charge transport, which are characterized as near Ohmic (lower voltage), trap controlled, and space charge limited conduction (higher applied voltage). Further, the trap density and activation energy are calculated from the temperature-dependent current density data, which shows higher values (9.38 × 1015cm−3, 79.4 meV) in thicker NWs compared to that in the thinner ones (3.96 × 1015 cm−3, 63.9 meV). Investigation of the NWs with Raman and photoluminescence spectra establishes the presence of Cu2O phase in thicker NWs, which act as hole traps to hinder the charge transport in p-type CuO and resulting in lower conductivity at higher diameters. This study helps to design and fabricate prototype nanodevices with desired conductivity based on CuO NWs.
Ultrafast carrier dynamics in Ag–CdTe hybrid nanostructure: non-radiative and radiative relaxations
Authors: Gurung Sabina , Khatua Durga Prasad , Singh Asha , Jayabalan J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this article, we study non-radiative and radiative relaxation processes in a hybrid formed by combining Ag nanoparticle (NP) and CdTe quantum dots (QD) using transient transmission spectroscopy. The ultrafast transient transmission of hybrid, when excited at 400 nm, shows a faster recovery of hot electrons at a shorter time scale (few picoseconds) while it shows a slower recovery at longer time scale (few tens of picoseconds). Further it is found that the contribution of CdTe QD to the transient transmission is increased in the presence of Ag NP. However, the radiative relaxation in CdTe QDs get quenched in the presence of Ag NP. This work provides significant insight into the various relaxation processes that leads to the charge transport and PL quenching mechanisms in metal–semiconductor hybrids.
Highlighting the need for high-speed imaging in capillary breakup extensional rheometry
Authors: Ng Henry C-H , Poole Robert J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The capillary breakup extensional rheometer is commonly used to determine material properties of complex fluids. This is achieved by tracking the diameter evolution of a liquid bridge undergoing capillary thinning and breakup in a uniaxial extensional flow. Typically, the filament diameter evolution is tracked at the mid-plane between the two end-plates using a laser micrometer. We show using high-speed imaging that while this arrangement is satisfactory in flows where the filament is long (relative to its initial diameter), slender and approximately cylindrical, errors can be significant when the filaments are short (and with a non-negligible curvature) such as encountered when using the so-called slow-retraction-method and ‘Dripping-onto-Substrate’ rheometry. We will further highlight the need for high-speed imaging in CaBER experiments by considering errors induced when the laser micrometer is misaligned with the location of filament breakup. This latter source of error will be particularly relevant for capillary breakup experiments where the location of filament breakup is not typically known a priori, such as the case for many so-called ‘yield-stress’ fluids.
Design consideration of compact cardiac TOF-PET systems: a simulation study
Authors: Akamatsu Go , Tashima Hideaki , Takyu Sodai , Kang Han Gyu , Iwao Yuma , Takahashi Miwako , Yoshida Eiji , Yamaya Taiga 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) with PET plays a vital role in the management of coronary artery disease. High sensitivity systems can contribute to maximizing the potential value of PET MPI; therefore, we have proposed two novel detector arrangements, an elliptical geometry and a D-shape geometry, that are more sensitive and more compact than a conventional large-bore cylindrical geometry. Here we investigate two items: the benefits of the proposed geometries for cardiac imaging; and the effects of scatter components on cardiac PET image quality. Using the Geant4 toolkit, we modeled four time-of-flight (TOF) PET systems: an 80 cm diameter cylinder, a 40 cm diameter cylinder, a compact ellipse, and a compact D-shape. Spatial resolution and sensitivity were measured using point sources. Noise equivalent count rate and image quality were examined using an anthropomorphic digital chest phantom. The proposed geometries showed higher sensitivity and better count rate characteristics with a fewer number of detectors than the conventional large-bore cylindrical geometry. In addition, we found that the increased intensity of the scatter components was a big factor affecting the contrast in defect regions for such a compact geometry. It is important to address the issue of the increased intensity of the scatter components to develop a high-performance compact cardiac TOF PET system.
Quantum detector tomography of a high dynamic-range superconducting nanowire single-photon detector
Authors: Schapeler Timon , Höpker Jan Philipp , Bartley Tim J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We demonstrate and verify quantum detector tomography of a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD) in a multiplexing scheme which permits measurement of up to 71 000 photons per input pulse. We reconstruct the positive operator valued measure (POVM) of this device in the low photon-number regime, and use the extracted parameters to show the POVMs spanning the whole dynamic range of the device. We verify this by finding the mean photon number of a bright state. Our work shows that a reliable quantum description of large-scale SNSPD devices is possible, and should be applicable to other multiplexing configurations.