bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traversable Wormholes in the Extended Teleparallel Theory of Gravity with Matter Coupling
Authors: Mustafa G. , Ahmad Mushtaq , Övgün Ali , Farasat Shamir M. , Hussain Ibrar 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study explores the Gaussian and the Lorentzian distributed spherically symmetric wormhole solutions in the gravity. The basic idea of the Gaussian and Lorentzian noncommutative geometries emerges as the physically acceptable and substantial notion in quantum physics. This idea of the noncommutative geometries with both the Gaussian and Lorentzian distributions becomes more striking when wormhole geometries in the modified theories of gravity are discussed. Here we consider a linear model within gravity to investigate traversable wormholes. In particular, we discuss the possible cases for the wormhole geometries using the Gaussian and the Lorentzian noncommutative distributions to obtain the exact shape function for them. By incorporating the particular values of the unknown parameters involved, we discuss different properties of the new wormhole geometries explored here. It is noted that the involved matter violates the weak energy condition for both the cases of the noncommutative geometries, whereas there is a possibility for a physically viable wormhole solution. By analyzing the equilibrium condition, it is found that the acquired solutions are stable. Furthermore, we provide the embedded diagrams for wormhole structures under Gaussian and Lorentzian noncommutative frameworks. Moreover, we present the critical analysis on an anisotropic pressure under the Gaussian and the Lorentzian distributions.
A fragment‐based approach to discovery of Receptor for Advanced Glycation End products inhibitors
Authors: Kozlyuk Natalia , Gilston Benjamin A. , Salay Lauren E. , Gogliotti Rocco D. , Christov Plamen P. , Kim Kwangho , Ovee Mohiuddin , Waterson Alex G. , Chazin Walter J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Receptor for Advanced Glycation End products (RAGE) is a pattern recognition receptor that signals for inflammation via the NF‐κB pathway. RAGE has been pursued as a potential target to suppress symptoms of diabetes and is of interest in a number of other diseases associated with chronic inflammation, such as inflammatory bowel disease and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Screening and optimization have previously produced small molecules that inhibit the activity of RAGE in cell‐based assays, but efforts to develop a therapeutically viable direct‐binding RAGE inhibitor have yet to be successful. Here, we show that a fragment‐based approach can be applied to discover fundamentally new types of RAGE inhibitors that specifically target the ligand‐binding surface. A series of systematic assays of structural stability, solubility, and crystallization were performed to select constructs of the RAGE ligand‐binding domain and optimize conditions for NMR‐based screening and co‐crystallization of RAGE with hit fragments. An NMR‐based screen of a highly curated ~14 000‐member fragment library produced 21 fragment leads. Of these, three were selected for elaboration based on structure‐activity relationships generated through cycles of structural analysis by X‐ray crystallography, structure‐guided design principles, and synthetic chemistry. These results, combined with crystal structures of the first linked fragment compounds, demonstrate the applicability of the fragment‐based approach to the discovery of RAGE inhibitors.
A serpin (CvT‐serpin15) of teratocytes contributes to microbial‐resistance in Plutella xylostella during Cotesia vestalis parasitism
Authors: Gu Qijuan , Wu Zhiwei , Zhou Yuenan , Wang Zhizhi , Huang Jianhua , Shi Min , Chen Xuexin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDParasitic wasps are an important group of entomophagous insects for pest control. As parasitic wasps often lay eggs on or into their associated hosts, parasitoids evolve to utilize several factors including venom, polydnavirus (PDV) to alter host physiology for successful parasitism. Some taxa of endoparasitoids produce teratocytes, which are a type of cell that is released into host insects when wasp eggs hatch. Teratocytes display multifunction in parasitism such as host nutritional exploration, immune and developmental regulation, by secreting plenty of proteins into host hemocoel.RESULTSA serpin (CvT‐serpin15) secreted by teratocytes was characterized. QPCR results showed the expressional level of CvT‐serpin15 was upregulated following bacterial challenges. Enzyme activity experiment indicated the recombinant CvT‐serpin15 protein could interfere with the growth of Gram‐positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. The survival rate assay demonstrated CvT‐serpin15 increased survival rate of Plutella xylostella infected by S. aureus.CONCLUSIONCvT‐serpin15 secreted by teratocytes would boost the host immune system when pathogens invade host hemocoel during parasitism, and ultimately protect the development of wasp larva from bacterial infection. © 2021 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
The relationship of 4‐vinylcyclohexene diepoxide toxicity with cell death, oxidative stress, and gap junctions in female rat ovaries
Authors: SEN HALICIOGLU Busra , SAADAT Khandakar A. S. M. , TUGLU Mehmet Ibrahim 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeIt was aimed to investigate the damage caused by VCD toxicity in the ovary, which women working in the industrial field are frequently exposed to, and to show the relationship between gap junction protein, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, which is thought to be effective in the emergence of this damage.MethodsRats were divided into three groups as control, sham, and VCD. Histological stainings were performed for histopathological evaluations in ovary. Serum AMH level was measured with the ELISA. Then, iNOS, caspase 3, connexin 43 protein, and mRNA expression levels were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and RT‐qPCR methods.ResultsAs a result of the analyses, different amounts of degenerations such as hemorrhage, vacuolization, and fibrosis were observed in the ovary. VCD group AMH level decreased compared to control. In VCD group, iNOS and caspase 3 expressions increased, while connexin 43 expression decreased.ConclusionsIt was shown that VCD caused damage to all ovarian tissue. Also, it was revealed for the first time that VCD triggered apoptosis by increasing oxidative stress in the ovary and suppressed connexin 43 which was also effective in the survival of granulosa cells. The devastating effect of exposure to occupational chemicals such as VCD on fertility was demonstrated in this study.
Compositional constraints to identifying ternary interactions in ion‐exchange equilibria
Authors: Reynolds Jacob G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCation exchange is one of the most important classes of reactions controlling the soil solution composition for major ions. Modeling ion‐exchange equilibria is complicated by ternary solid‐phase interactions. The present study alleges that spurious ternary‐interactions can be reported when dilution of the exchanging ions by other ions on the solid‐phase is not accounted for in models. Ion‐exchange equilibria data from the NH4+–Ca2+–K+–vermiculite system is used to demonstrate that previous reports of ternary interactions in this system are an artifact of how solid‐phase mole fractions are defined; what mathematicians call “compositional incoherence.” A graphical method to distinguish the effects of dilution from real chemical interactions is presented using mole fractions renormalizing in the ternary system so that they are defined the same way as they are in binary systems. Potassium was shown to not influence NH4+–Ca2+ exchange on vermiculite when these corrections for solid‐phase dilution were used.
Macroporous Multichannel Carbon Nanofibers Embedded with Co/Fe‐N Electrocatalyst as the Sulfur Host for Boosting Polysulfides Conversion in Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zhang Zhiliang , Xu Jie , Ahmed Waqas , Tang Weiqiang , Niu Dongfang , Hu Shuozhen , Zhang Xinsheng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLithium‐sulfur batteries (LSBs) are widely recognized as promising candidates for next‐generation energy storage systems, yet suffering from sluggish redox kinetics and severe shuttle effect. Herein, the macroporous multichannel carbon nanofibers (MCFs) embedded with Co/Fe−N active sites (Co/Fe−N/MCFs) were prepared by electrospinning and functionalized as the sulfur host for LSBs. The opening macropores in MCFs facilitate the storage and uniform distribution of sulfur. Meanwhile, the built‐in Co/Fe−N sites possess double‐end binding sites toward polysulfides (LiPSs), which provides an effective way for immobilization and catalytic conversion of LiPSs. The designed sulfur host with good electrical conductivity and high catalytic activity enables fast kinetics of sulfur redox reaction and reduces cell polarization. As a result, the cell equipped with the Co/Fe−N/MCFs/S cathode shows an initial capacity of 1523 mA h g−1 at 0.2 C and an ultrahigh rate performance of 891 mA h g−1 at 5 C, and a low decay of 0.051 % per cycle over 1000 cycles at 1 C. This work will enlighten the rational design of advanced sulfur host for practical application of LSBs.
I2‐Catalyzed Tandem Annulation of Ketene Dithioacetals with Sulfonyl Hydrazides for the Synthesis of N‐Aminosulfonamides
Authors: Chen Tianpeng , Shen Jing , Wang Mingliang , Xu Xiaoliang , Cheng Dongping 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAn iodine‐catalyzed tandem annulation of ketene dithioacetals with sulfonyl hydrazides is established, which gives the N‐aminosulfonamides with pyrazole side chain in moderate yields. A series of aryl, heteroaryl, and alkyl substituted sulfonyl hydrazides are compatible with this reaction.
Synthesis of High Concentration Stable Water Dispersion of Exfoliated Activated Graphite for Supercapacitor Application
Authors: Khose Rahul V. , Bondarde Mahesh P. , Wadekar Pravin H. , Some Surajit 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this report, we investigated softener use for the exfoliation of graphite and activated graphite to yield Exfoliated Graphite (EG) and Exfoliated Activated Graphite (EAG). As synthesized EAG shows potential application in energy storage devices afterwards. First time, the cirrasol NYP softener was used to exfoliate activated graphite to yield EAG in mild sonication. We got a very good stable dispersion of EAG in water in a concentration up to 10 mg/ml for more than 31 days. After exfoliation, the obtained dispersed EAG used as electrode material in three electrode set up to check the maximum specific capacitance. Using the CV technique, the exfoliated graphite shows a maximum specific capacitance of 118 F g−1 at 5 mV s−1 scan rate. Whereas, EAG showed maximum specific capacitance of 174.6 F g−1 at 5 mV s−1 scan rate. It indicates that the EAG is better energy storage material compared to the EG. It can be used in various applications in energy storage devices like supercapacitor.
Negative bending tests on precast prestressed concrete beams made continuous
Authors: Kytölä Ulla , Asp Olli , Laaksonen Anssi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe objective of the current study is to investigate and evaluate the flexural behavior of the continuity connection of precast prestressed concrete beams in negative bending when the tendons are located at the compression side. The experimental program included four T‐shaped composite cantilever beams which were loaded up to failure. The main variable of the tests was the amount of prestress force of the connected precast beams. The reinforcement ratio of continuity connection was high. The ultimate flexural capacities and moment‐curvature relations were calculated theoretically. A comparison was then carried out between both the experimental and theoretical results. These experiments revealed that prestress force did not influence the ultimate hogging moment capacity of the continuity connection, but it had an effect on its soffit's compression cracking and spalling of the concrete cover before failure. This study also indicated that confinement of the concrete had a massive influence on the connection's behavior, and it increased both its negative moment capacity and ductility.
Historic narratives, myths and human behavior in times of climate change: A review from northern Europe's coastlands
Authors: Holzhausen Jessica , Grecksch Kevin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDecision‐making about climate change is not only shaped by rational considerations, but also influenced by how communities define themselves, by historic or fictional narratives and collective memories. We add a historical perspective to this discussion and ask how regional collective identities and knowledge shape the perception of climate change. We look at coastal communities in northern Europe, which have lived with the threat from the sea for generations. “Deus mare, Frisia litora fecit.”—God created the sea, the Frisians created the coast, a famous quote in Eastern Frisia, shows how important the landscape and the battle against the sea are for a collective identity. We argue that these perceptions can influence the adaptive capacity to climate change positively, if values and collective identities of people are taken into account, or negatively, if people see their values and collective identities not taken into consideration or even threatened.This article is categorized under:Climate, History, Society, Culture > Ideas and Knowledge
Compositional biases in RNA viruses: Causes, consequences and applications
Authors: Gaunt Eleanor R. , Digard Paul 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIf each of the four nucleotides were represented equally in the genomes of viruses and the hosts they infect, each base would occur at a frequency of 25%. However, this is not observed in nature. Similarly, the order of nucleotides is not random (e.g., in the human genome, guanine follows cytosine at a frequency of ~0.0125, or a quarter the number of times predicted by random representation). Codon usage and codon order are also nonrandom. Furthermore, nucleotide and codon biases vary between species. Such biases have various drivers, including cellular proteins that recognize specific patterns in nucleic acids, that once triggered, induce mutations or invoke intrinsic or innate immune responses. In this review we examine the types of compositional biases identified in viral genomes and current understanding of the evolutionary mechanisms underpinning these trends. Finally, we consider the potential for large scale synonymous recoding strategies to engineer RNA virus vaccines, including those with pandemic potential, such as influenza A virus and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Virus 2.This article is categorized under:
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
RNA Evolution and Genomics > Computational Analyses of RNA
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein‐RNA Recognition
Route Planning: B
Authors: Walrand Jean 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThere is a class of control problems that admit a particularly elegant solution: the linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) problems. In these problems, the state dynamics and observations are linear, the cost is quadratic, and the noise is Gaussian. Section 14.1 explains the theory of LQG problems when one observes the state. Section 14.2 discusses the situation when the observations are noisy and shows the remarkable certainty equivalence property of the solution. Section 14.3 explains how noisy observations affect Markov decision problems.
Multiplexing: B
Authors: Walrand Jean 
Published: June 2021

AbstractChapter3used the Central Limit Theorem to determine the number of users that can safely share a common cable or link. We saw that this result is also fundamental to calculate confidence intervals. In this section, we prove this theorem. A key tool is the characteristic function that provides a simple way to study sums of independent random variables.Section 4.1 introduces the characteristic function and calculates it for a Gaussian random variable. Section 4.2 uses that function to prove the Central Limit Theorem. Section 4.3 uses the characteristic function to calculate the moments of a Gaussian random variable. The sum of squares of Gaussian random variables is a common model of noise in communication links. Section 4.4 proves a remarkable property of such a sum. Section 4.5 shows how to use characteristic functions to approximate binomial and geometric random variables. The error function arises in the calculation of the probability of errors in transmission systems and also in decisions based on random observations. Section 4.6 derives useful approximations of that function. Section 4.7 concludes the chapter with a discussion of an adaptive multiple access protocol similar to one used in WiFi networks.
Hunting wino and higgsino dark matter at the muon collider with disappearing tracks
Authors: Capdevilla Rodolfo , Meloni Federico , Simoniello Rosa , Zurita Jose 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We study the capabilities of a muon collider experiment to detect disappearing tracks originating when a heavy and electrically charged long-lived particle decays via X+→ Y+Z0, where X+ and Z0 are two almost mass degenerate new states and Y+ is a charged Standard Model particle. The backgrounds induced by the in-flight decays of the muon beams (BIB) can create detector hit combinations that mimic long-lived particle signatures, making the search a daunting task. We design a simple strategy to tame the BIB, based on a detector-hit-level selection exploiting timing information and hit-to-hit correlations, followed by simple requirements on the quality of reconstructed tracks. Our strategy allows us to reduce the number of tracks from BIB to an average of 0.08 per event, hence being able to design a cut-and-count analysis that shows that it is possible to cover weak doublets and triplets with masses close to $$ \sqrt{s}/2 $$

s

/
2
in the 0.1–10 ns range. In particular, this implies that a 10 TeV muon collider is able to probe thermal MSSM higgsinos and thermal MSSM winos, thus rivaling the FCC-hh in that respect, and further enlarging the physics program of the muon collider into the territory of WIMP dark matter and long-lived signatures. We also provide parton-to-reconstructed level efficiency maps, allowing an estimation of the coverage of disappearing tracks at muon colliders for arbitrary models.
Dynamische Analyse der Gelenkbelastung bei Beinachsendeformitäten in der Frontalebene
Authors: Stief Felix , Holder Jana , Böhm Harald , Meurer Andrea 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die instrumentelle 3‑D-Ganganalyse (IGA) hat sich zur funktionellen Beurteilung orthopädischer Krankheitsbilder etabliert. Sie kann wertvolle Zusatzinformationen zur konventionellen statischen Röntgendiagnostik liefern und trägt so zur Behandlungsentscheidung und dem Operationserfolg bei. Zur Beurteilung von Achsfehlstellungen kommt ihr bisher nur in wenigen spezialisierten Zentren Bedeutung zu.

Anwendung
Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt die Messmethoden der IGA dar und zeigt deren Nutzen bei der Behandlung von Achsfehlstellungen des Knies in der Frontalebene. Insbesondere die Berechnung der dynamischen Gelenkbelastungen liefert wichtige Erkenntnisse im Hinblick auf die Entwicklung degenerativer Gelenkveränderungen im Knie und ergänzt somit die statische Beurteilung der Beinachse. Es wird ein neuer Behandlungsalgorithmus für die kniegelenknahe Wachstumslenkung im Kindesalter mittels temporärer Hemiepiphysiodese vorgestellt. Die IGA kann dabei insbesondere bei Grenzfällen für die klinische Entscheidungsfindung sehr nützlich sein. Bei einer Diskrepanz zwischen statischer Beinachse und dynamischer Kniegelenkbelastung kann die IGA potenzielle Kompensationsmechanismen beim Gehen aufdecken.
Reaction-diffusion systems with supercritical nonlinearities revisited
Authors: Kostianko Anna , Sun Chunyou , Zelik Sergey 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe give a comprehensive study of the analytic properties and long-time behavior of solutions of a reaction-diffusion system in a bounded domain in the case where the nonlinearity satisfies the standard monotonicity assumption. We pay the main attention to the supercritical case, where the nonlinearity is not subordinated to the linear part of the equation trying to put as small as possible amount of extra restrictions on this nonlinearity. The properties of such systems in the supercritical case may be very different in comparison with the standard case of subordinated nonlinearities. We examine the global existence and uniqueness of weak and strong solutions, various types of smoothing properties, asymptotic compactness and the existence of global and exponential attractors.
Patient-reported outcome measures obtained via E-Health tools ease the assessment burden and encourage patient participation in cancer care (PaCC Study)
Authors: Erickson Nicole , Schinkoethe T. , Eckhardt C. , Storck L. , Joos A. , Liu L. , Ballmer P. E. , Mumm F. , Fey T. , Heinemann V. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Patient-reported outcome measures obtained via E-Health tools ease the assessment burden and encourage patient participation in cancer care (PaCC Study)

Background
E-health based patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) have the potential to automate early identification of both nutrition status and distress status in cancer patients while facilitating treatment and encouraging patient participation. This cross-sectional study assessed the acceptability, accuracy, and clinical utility of PROMs collected via E-Health tools among patients undergoing treatment for stomach, colorectal, and pancreatic tumors.

Results
Eight-nine percent mostly, or completely, agreed that PROMs via tablets should be integrated in routine clinical care. Men were significantly more likely to require help completing the questionnaires than women (inv.OR= 0.51, 95% CI=(0.27, 0.95), p = 0.035). The level of help needed increased by 3% with each 1-year increase in age (inv. OR=1.03, 95% CI=(1.01, 1.06), p = 0.013). On average, a patient tended to declare weight which was 0.84 kg inferior to their true weight (Bland and Altman 95 % CI=(-3.9, 5.6); SD: 2.41) and a height which was 0.95 cm superior to their true height (Bland and Altman 95 % CI=(−5, 3.1); SD 2.08). Patient-reported nutrition status was significantly associated with the professionally generated assessment (95% CI=(2.27, 4.15), p < 0.001). As nutrition status declined, the distress score increased (95%CI=(0.88, 1.68), p < 0.001). Of the patients, 48.8% who were both distressed and malnourished requested supportive care to address their problems.

Conclusion
Patient-reported assessments utilizing E-health tools are an accurate and efficient method to encourage patient participation in cancer care while simultaneously ensuring that regular assessment of psycho-social and nutritional aspects of care are efficiently integrated in the daily clinical routine.