bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of the laser-induced fluorescence to study local characteristics of a gas-liquid flow in rectangular microchannel
Authors: Bartkus G V , Kuznetsov V V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) method was used to characterize liquid phase distribution in rectangular slit microchannel with cross-section 200×1205 μm for horizontal gas-liquid flow. Ethanol and nitrogen were used as working liquid and gas accordingly. The feature of this study is an application of hydraulic focusing cross-junction mixer for obtaining elongated bubble and transition flows in the microchannel with a high aspect ratio. Using LIF measurements for elongated bubble and transition flows the liquid film distributions were obtained for different distances from the bubble top and average liquid film thickness was compared with the prediction according to Taylor’s law.
Study of synthesis and combustion of composite fuels based on n-decane and Al nanoparticles
Authors: Barmina E V , Zhilnikova M I , Kobtsev V D , Kostritsa S A , Orlov S N , Volkov S Yu , Shafeev G A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The article is devoted to the analysis of a diffusion combustion of a composite fuel (formed by an addition of non-oxidized aluminum (Al) nanoparticles (NP’s) to n-decane) with oxygen. The process of obtaining Al NP’s consisted of a laser fragmentation of initially large commercially produced NP’s (so called “Alex” with mean diameter is about 450 nm) in the solution of isopropanol. A final size distribution of NP’s was determined by a CPS DC2400 measuring disk centrifuge. The morphology of NP’s was characterized with the Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) JEM-100C. The measured average diameter of NP’s was about 40 nm. In the final step of a preparation of a composite fuel an isopropanol was exchanged on n-decane. To characterize the composite fuel, diffusion combustion was used in combination with the laser diagnostic technique CARS. Temperature distributions along the x direction were measured at two values of distances from the nozzle. It has been shown that, for the fuel consistent of 0.1% mass concentration of Al NP’s in n-decane, the temperature at the distance equaled 14 mm downstream from the nozzle exit of a burner in the vicinity of the flame front was significantly higher (by 200–300 K) than that upon burning of pure n-decane.
Development of the optical electronic setup for carrying out measurements by multicolor Particle Image Velocimetry
Authors: Usmanova S S , Skornyakova N M , Belov Yu S , Sapronov M V , Kuchmenko A V , Kuchmenko V V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The paper is devoted to development of the optical electronic setup for carrying out measurements by multicolor particle image velocimetry. The main advantage of this method is the ability to visualize vector velocity fields in several planes simultaneously. As a result a 3D model of a setup was developed, a laboratory sample was assembled and series of testing experiments were performed. As a test object, vortex structure formed by a chemical stirrer in a cuvette with liquid has been considered. The experimental data were compared with the computer model developed in SolidWorks and FlowVision software.
Neuromorphic computing based on an antiferromagnet-heavy metal hybrid structure under the action of laser pulses
Authors: Yu Mitrofanova A , Safin A R , Kravchenko O V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The paper proposes a model of a neuromorphic processor, consisting of excitatory and processing neurons that are oscillators and detectors. The concept of neuromorphic computing, implemented by generating a spin current due to optical excitation of magnetic oscillations in an antiferromagnet is considered. The inverse spin Hall effect causes the generation of an electric current in the heavy metal layer. A constant driving current flows through the common bus. Magnetic oscillations in the receiving neuron occur due to the spin Hall effect. A biaxial nickel oxide crystal was used as a material for the base cells of AFM insulators and platinum was utilized as a heavy metal. The use of optical excitation can significantly increase the processing speed of neuromorphic computing with low power consumption. The presented model implements the simplest operations of neuromorphic computations, such as logical “OR”, “AND”.
Development and experimental testing of the technique of ultrasonic control of brazed joints of heat exchangers
Authors: Kostyukhin A S , Pavlukhin E A , Malyy V V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
High reliability requirements are imposed on the quality of the soldered joints. Typical defects in the soldered joints of heat exchangers are non-soldered. The minimum size of the non-penetration area that must be detected is about 1 square millimeter. The existing assessment of the quality of soldering is reduced to destructive tests. These tests include hydraulic and pneumatic tests. There are control technologies that use non-destructive methods. For example, the applicability of the ultrasonic echo method based on thermo-optical (laser) excitation of ultrasonic waves has been proven. However, continuous inspection of the liquid-propellant engine chamber using the traditional echo method is not rational, since the inspection speed is limited by the size of detected defects (1 square millimeter) and amounts to a few millimeters per minute. In order to increase the scanning speed without losing the ability to reliably detect defects such as “non-soldered”, it is proposed to use phased array antennas (PA) as a means of implementing the ultrasonic echo method. The paper considers the issues related to the interpretation of the information obtained when scanning the soldered joint, as well as issues related to modeling the acoustic field in the model of the soldered joint of the heat exchanger.
Cell-derived extracellular matrix enhanced by collagen-binding domain-decorated exosomes to promote neural stem cells neurogenesis
Authors: Zhai Yuanxin , Wang Quanwei , Zhu Zhanchi , Zheng Wenlong , Ma Sancheng , Hao Ying , Yang Lingyan , Cheng Guosheng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Enhancing neurogenesis of neural stem cells (NSCs) is crucial in stem cell therapy for neurodegenerative diseases. Within the extracellular microenvironment, extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a pivotal role in modulating cell behaviors. However, a single ECM biomaterial is not sufficient to establish an ideal microenvironment. As multifunctional nanocarriers, exosomes display tremendous advantages for the treatments of various diseases. Herein, collagen binding domain peptide-modified exosomes (CBD-Exo) were obtained from the SH-SY5Y cell line infected with lentivirus particles encoding CBD-lysosome associated membrane glycoprotein 2b (CBD-Lamp2b) to improve the binding efficiency of exosomes and ECM. An exosomes-functionalized ECM (CBD-Exo/ECM) was then constructed via the interaction between CBD and collagen in ECM. Then, CBD-Exo/ECM was employed as a carrier for NSCs culture. The results showed that CBD-Exo/ECM can support the neurogenesis of NSCs with the percentage of proliferation marker EdU-positive (35.8% ± 0.47% vs 21.9% ± 2.32%) and neuron maker Tuj-1-positive (55.8% ± 0.47% vs 30.6% ± 2.62%) were both significantly increased in the exosomes-functionalized ECM system. This exosomes-functionalized ECM was capable to promote the cell proliferation and accelerate neuronal differentiation of NSCs, providing a potential biomedical material for stem cell application in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Lengthening of summer season over the Northern Hemisphere under 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C global warming
Authors: Park Bo-Joung , Min Seung-Ki , Weller Evan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Summer season has lengthened substantially across Northern Hemisphere (NH) land over the past decades, which has been attributed to anthropogenic greenhouse gas increases. This study examines additional future changes in summer season onset and withdrawal under 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C global warming conditions using multiple atmospheric global climate model (AGCM) large-ensemble simulations from the Half a degree Additional warming, Prognosis and Projected Impacts project. Five AGCMs provide more than 100 runs of 10 year length for three experiments: All-Hist (current decade: 2006–2015), Plus15, and Plus20 (1.5 °C and 2.0 °C above pre-industrial condition, respectively). Results show that with 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C warmer conditions summer season will become longer by a few days to weeks over entire NH extratropical lands, with slightly larger contributions by delay in withdrawal due to stronger warming in late summer. Stronger changes are observed more in lower latitudes than higher latitudes and largest expansion (up to three weeks) is found over East Asia and the Mediterranean. Associated changes in summer-like day frequency is further analyzed focusing on the extended summer edges. The hot days occur more frequently in lower latitudes including East Asia, USA and Mediterranean, in accord with largest summer season lengthening. Further, difference between Plus15 and Plus20 experiments indicates that summer season lengthening and associated increases in hot days can be reduced significantly if warming is limited to 1.5 °C. Overall, similar results are obtained from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 coupled GCM simulations (based on RCP8.5 scenario experiments), suggesting a weak influence of air-sea coupling on summer season timing changes.
Historical food consumption declines and the role of alternative foods
Authors: Ferraro Danielle M , Cottrell Richard S , Blasco Gordon D , Froehlich Halley E , Halpern Benjamin S 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe adoption of sustainable alternative foods could potentially reduce the environmental burden of human food production if it can reduce demand for products with higher environmental impact. However, there is little empirical evidence for how frequent food consumption declines are when alternative foods are introduced, limiting our knowledge of the potential for such introductions to drive food system transformations. Using 53 years of food supply data for 99 crop, livestock, and seafood commodities in 159 countries, we use regression analyses on 12 883 time series—each representing a single country-commodity pair—to detect sustained declines in apparent national food consumption, as well as corresponding consumption increases of other food commodities. First, we show that sustained declines in the consumption of any food item are rare, occurring in 9.6% of time series. Where declines are present, they most frequently occur in traditional plant-based staples, e.g. starchy roots, and are larger compared to animal-source foods, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where much of the future increase in food demand is expected to occur. Second, although declines were rare, we found national production rather than trade was identified as the most common proximate driver of declines in consumption, suggesting that shifts in diets have the potential to translate into reduced environmental impacts from food production. Third, we found consumption increases were nearly twice as common as declines, but only 8% of declines (from within 4% of total time series) occurred parallel to incline events within the same food group, suggesting limited interchangeability. An examination of case studies suggests that alternative foods can facilitate food system transitions, but strong relative disadvantages for existing foods across aspects of technology, markets, policy and culture need to exist in parallel to support for alternative foods across the same factors. Where existing foods are already produced in highly efficient systems, a lack of systematic disadvantage may provide a barrier to alternative foods driving change.
Offshore fresh groundwater in coastal unconsolidated sediment systems as a potential fresh water source in the 21st century
Authors: Zamrsky Daniel , Essink Gualbert H P Oude , Sutanudjaja Edwin H , van Beek L P H (Rens) , Bierkens Marc F P 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Coastal areas worldwide are often densely populated and host regional agricultural and industrial hubs. Strict water quality requirements for agricultural, industrial and domestic use are regularly not satisfied by surface waters in coastal areas and consequently lead to over-exploitation of local fresh groundwater resources. Additional pressure by both climate change and population growth further intensifies the upcoming water stress and raise the urgency to search for new fresh water sources. In recent years, offshore fresh groundwater (OFG) reserves have been identified as such a potential water source. In this study, we quantify, for the first time, the global volume of OFG in unconsolidated coastal aquifers using numerical groundwater models. Our results confirm previously reported widespread presence of OFG along the global coastline. Furthermore, we find that these reserves are likely non-renewable resources mostly deposited during glacial periods when sea levels were substantially lower compared to current sea level. We estimate the total OFG volume in unconsolidated coastal aquifers to be approximately 1.06 ± 0.2 million km3, which is roughly three times more than estimated previously and about 10% of all terrestrial fresh groundwater. With extensive active and inactive offshore oil pumping present in areas of large OFG reserves, they could be considered for temporary fresh groundwater exploration as part of a transition to sustainable water use in coastal areas on the long run.
Zeros of the isomonodromic tau functions in constructive conformal mapping of polycircular arc domains: the n-vertex case
Authors: Carneiro da Cunha Bruno , Abarghouei Nejad Salman , Anselmo Tiago , Nelson Rhodri , Crowdy Darren G 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The prevertices of the conformal map between a generic, n-vertex, simply connected, polycircular arc domain and the upper half plane are determined by finding the zeros of an isomonodromic tau function. The accessory parameters of the associated Fuchsian equation are then found in terms of logarithmic derivatives of this tau function. Using these theoretical results a constructive approach to the determination of the conformal map is given and the particular case of five vertices is considered in detail. A computer implementation of a construction of the isomonodromic tau function described by Gavrylenko and Lisovyy (2018 Commun. Math. Phys.
363 1–58) is used to calculate some illustrative examples. A procedural guide to constructing the conformal map to a given polycircular arc domain using the method presented here is also set out.
Record statistics for random walks and Lévy flights with resetting
Authors: Majumdar Satya N , Mounaix Philippe , Sabhapandit Sanjib , Schehr Grégory 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We compute exactly the mean number of records ⟨R

N
⟩ for a time-series of size N whose entries represent the positions of a discrete time random walker on the line with resetting. At each time step, the walker jumps by a length η drawn independently from a symmetric and continuous distribution f(η) with probability 1 − r (with 0 ⩽ r < 1) and with the complementary probability r it resets to its starting point x = 0. This is an exactly solvable example of a weakly correlated time-series that interpolates between a strongly correlated random walk series (for r = 0) and an uncorrelated time-series (for (1 − r) ≪ 1). Remarkably, we found that for every fixed

r
∈

0
,
1

and any N, the mean number of records ⟨R

N
⟩ is completely universal, i.e. independent of the jump distribution f(η). In particular, for large N, we show that ⟨R

N
⟩ grows very slowly with increasing N as

⟨

R

N

⟩

≈

(

1
/

r

)

ln

N

for 0 < r < 1. We also computed the exact universal crossover scaling functions for ⟨R

N
⟩ in the two limits r → 0 and r → 1. Our analytical predictions are in excellent agreement with numerical simulations.
The predator-dependent replicator dynamics
Authors: Braga Ian , Wardil Lucas 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Ecological interactions are central to understanding evolution. For example, Darwin noticed that the beautiful colours of the male peacock increase the chance of successful mating. However, the colours can be a threat because of the increased probability of being caught by predators. Eco-evolutionary dynamics takes into account environmental interactions to model the process of evolution. The selection of prey types in the presence of predators may be subjected to pressure on both reproduction and survival. Here, we analyze the evolutionary game dynamics of two types of prey in the presence of predators. We call this model the predator-dependent replicator dynamics. If the evolutionary time scales are different, the number of predators can be assumed constant, and the traditional replicator dynamics is recovered. However, if the time scales are the same, we end up with sixteen possible dynamics: the combinations of four reproduction’s games with four predation’s games. We analyze the dynamics and calculate conditions for the coexistence of prey and predator. The main result is that predators can change the equilibrium of the traditional replicator dynamics. For example, the presence of predators can induce polymorphism in prey if one type of prey is more attractive than the other, with the prey ending with a lower capture rate in this new equilibrium. Lastly, we provide two illustrations of the dynamics, which can be seen as rapid feedback responses in a predator–prey evolutionary arm’s race.
Manifestation of “flower structures” in geophysical models of the Central Tien Shan
Authors: Bataleva E A , Nepeina K S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Based on the analysis of deep geophysical (geoelectric and seismic) models of the Central Tien Shan, structures with the morphology resembling the crown of palm trees or the shape of a flower were identified. Geoelectric models are considered along a series of regional profiles (75º, 76º, 76º 30’). The length of the profiles intersecting all the main tectonic structures of the Tien Shan ranges from 75 to 250 km. Particular attention was paid to those zones of concentrated deformation, where the tectonic regime combines the conditions of shear and lateral compression (transpression zones). The structure of the collisional - accretionary wedge of the Atbashi zone in the distribution of electrical and velocity characteristics of the geological section is considered. Geoelectric models plotted along a series of regional profiles identify areas of increased electrical conductivity and show “flower structures”. The integral picture of the distribution and morphology of zones of increased electrical conductivity in the segments of the Earth’s crust of the Central Tien Shan may reflect a discretely localized manifestation of palm tree structures due to the evolution of transpressive suture zones during the Hercynian and Alpine tectogenesis.
Integrated geological interpretation of remote sensing data (Boysun structural-tectonic zone)
Authors: Bikeeva L R , Kh Safarov Z , Yuldasheva M G , Akramova N M , Umarov Sh A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In recent years, remote sensing data are increasingly used in the practice of oil and gas prospecting. This article discusses the main methodological aspects of identifying oil and gas promising structures by using materials for interpreting remote sensing data and a complex of geological and geophysical data. Remotely sensed data exhibit a regional review of the various geological formations and tectonic fracture zone and faults that are otherwise not possible detection by human eyes on the ground. The method of structural interpretation space image allows you to: detail the internal structure of oil and gas regions; to reveal the position and features of the tectonic blocks, structures of the second and third (anticlines, synclines, monoclines, etc.) orders; identify major disruptive violations; identify chains of local structures; fix the transverse structural elements that determine tectonic fragmentation. By deciphering the remote sensing data, the distribution and nature of the lineament network marking disjunctive dislocations and zones of increased fracturing are revealed and analyzed, as well as ring structures are detected, which in most cases indicate local structures of the sedimentary cover at different depth sections. The lithology and lineament interpreted from these multi-level data were integrated with data collected from the ground.
The structural positions of the ophiolite complex in the Earth crust of the western Tien-Shan
Authors: Nurtaev B S , Tsai O G , Kurbanova D U 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The westernmost parts of the Tien Shan region are located between two areas of crustal suturing, formed by the closure of the Turkestan Ocean, and probably the closure of a second ocean, the Gissar Ocean. Regional correlation of these sutures, however, has been problematic due to the lack of geological and geophysical data, as well as conflicting interpretations within the literature of various geological bodies. We summarize the information about Paleozoic ophiolites of westernmost parts of the Tien Shan for the international geoscientific audience from the literature and our own unpublished data. We focus on the best-known examples of Southern Tien Shan ophiolites which are remnants of Paleo-Asian Ocean, aligned in two main belts in Uzbekistan. Ophiolites reveal a wide age spectrum ranging from the Ordovician to the Devonian on the northern slope of Southern Tien Shan, and the Early Carboniferous on the southern slope. Considering all data on these ophiolites as well as regional considerations lets us conclude that a single ocean located subduction of the Turkestan Ocean basin under the northern Karakum-Tadjik terrane caused back-arc continentalo ruisft.i ngo iunththwearGdi ssar region in Early Carboniferous resulted in the formation of a small basin with oceanic crust. By late Carboniferous/early Permian times, both oceanic basins were subducted.
Comparative analysis of acoustic and electromagnetic emissions of rocks
Authors: Klyuchkin V N , Novikov V A , Okunev V I , Zeigarnik V A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Comparative analysis of acoustic and electromagnetic emissions recorded during the intact rock samples deformation and dynamic rupture of simulated crustal fault is presented. Specialized machines for uniaxial compression and shear tests of rock samples with identical data acquisition systems for both test cases were employed. Increase of acoustic emission was observed accompanied by significant rise of intensity and amplitude of electromagnetic signals at high stress of the rock samples under the uniaxial compression or dynamic failure in the spring-block model. Such correlation is consistent with the previous conclusions that an increase of electromagnetic emission may be considered as a rock failure precursor. Any specific characteristics of the detected electromagnetic signals to be used for prediction of impending rock failure or the earthquake fault rupture were not found. The similarity of electromagnetic signals and their spectra obtained at the press equipment and the spring-block model suggests that in both cases, the signals observed are generated by the crack formations and shear. The electromagnetic emission appeared only in dry samples. The samples saturated by water with the salinity of over 0.1% demonstrated no electromagnetic emission.