bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Religious Land as Commons: Buddhist Temples, Monastic Landlordism, and the Urban Poor in Thailand
Authors: Boonjubun Chaitawat , Haila Anne , Vuolteenaho Jani 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRecent critical scholarship has theorized the urban commons in terms of value regimes and practices not reducible to market logic. Specifically, it views the urban commons as a counter force to greediness, poverty, and other ills of the neoliberal urban era, but it neglects the centrality of “land.” We offer a corrective. Based on a study of the commons that is embedded in religious land, this article interrogates the tradition‐rooted ethical maintenance and mundane uses of religious land in the context of urban Thailand. Buddhist temples (wats) show that monastic landlords are aware of religious land’s revenue‐generating possibilities, but they resist the temptation to treat it speculatively. Instead, religious land is leased for housing, vending, and farming at a nominal rent, alongside its use for a range of religious and communal purposes. As a faith‐based, non‐Western, and pro‐poor form of urban commons, thewatsprovide an understudied type of flourishing alternative to the privatized commodification and financialization of urban land. We discuss the advantages (related to thewats' stability and popular, but anti‐radical, appeal) and problems (perils of repressiveness, otherworldliness, instances of corruption, and quasi‐sovereignty from state power) in conceptualizing the land of faith‐based organizations and their ownership and leasing practices as instances of the urban commons.
The Political Economy of Land and Reparations: The Case of Reparations for African Americans in the 21st Century
Authors: Assensoh A.B. , Alex‐Assensoh Yvette M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe global interest in research on the political economy of reparations has been rekindled by recent developments in the United States of America, but much of this renewed investigation is misinformed, distorted, or limited to recycling what is already known. Recent work by Darity and Mullen is an exception. They have contributed eloquently to age‐old debates on reparations for emancipated enslaved Africans. This essay examines their work in the context of historical movements against economic apartheid in the United States, its origins, and how it can be overcome. The focus of this essay is on how reparations should be considered as a response to the entire history of racism‐cum‐discrimination, which has consistently blocked economic opportunities for African Americans. Reparations , if adhered to, will either directly or indirectly modify the economic injustices that continue to face African Americans in their adopted nation (America). Central to any new case for reparations is the power of land, which offers to breathe new life into the broken, old promise of “forty acres and a mule” as a means of addressing long‐term social stratification in modern America.
Revisiting the effects of demographic dynamics on economic growth in Asia: a panel vector‐autoregressive approach with a saving channel
Authors: Taguchi Hiroyuki , Lar Ni , Ky Sereyvuth 
Published: June 2021

This paper examines the effects of demographic dynamics on economic growth, with a focus on the working‐age population and the saving rate in 17 Asian economies for the past and future periods of 1970–2018 and 2018–2050, respectively. The study applies a panel vector‐autoregressive model, given the endogenous interactions among the variables. The main findings are as follows: first, the direct channel to economic growth is from the working‐age population share and the indirect channel is through the saving rate; second, there is a feedback effect from economic growth to the saving rate; third, the contribution ratio of the population‐bonus effect to economic growth for the 1970–2018 period was approximately 30 per cent on average, which was consistent with the ratios found in previous studies; and fourth, in the projections for 2018–2050, the magnitudes of the ‘population‐onus’ effect in selected economies are very large (minus 1 or 2 per cent)—even greater than found in previous studies—which was due to the earlier onset of the ‘population onus’ with aging.
The pre‐ and postoperative neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratios: The comparison of laparoscopy and laparotomy in colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Hosseini Seyed V. , Maleknejad Abdulbaset , Salem Safa A. , Pourahmad Saeedeh , Zabangirfard Zahra , Zamani Mozhdeh 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe management of inflammation after colorectal surgery is important to decrease the susceptibility to postoperative complications. Platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the peripheral blood are known as two important inflammatory markers. In this study we evaluated and compared colorectal laparoscopy and laparotomy based on the PLR and NLR.MethodsTotally, 76 patients were divided into two groups including patients who underwent laparoscopy (45 cases) or laparotomy (31 cases). The PLR and NLR were calculated based on cell blood count analysis of preoperative and postoperative day (POD) one and three in both groups. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 22.ResultsThe PLR and NLR have no significant association with age, gender and tumor site (p > 0.05). However, both ratios were significantly increased in laparotomy patients at POD1 compared with the laparoscopy patients (p < 0.05). According to the two by two comparisons, the preoperative and postoperative PLR were significantly different in the laparotomy group (p < 0.05) but not in the laparoscopy group (p > 0.05). However, the preoperative and postoperative NLR were significantly different in both laparoscopy and laparotomy groups (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe NLR and PLR markers indicated that laparoscopy can be a better choice for colorectal surgery due to lower induction of inflammation compared with laparotomy.
The transcription factor RUNX2 fuels YAP1 signaling and gastric cancer tumorigenesis
Authors: Guo Zhengjun , Zhou Kai , Wang Qiang , Huang Yusheng , Ji Jia , Peng Yuan , Zhang Xiaoyue , Zheng Taihao , Zhang Zhen , Chong Daochen , Yang Zhenzhou 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDespite considerable efforts in the detection and treatment of gastric cancer (GC), the underlying mechanism of the progression of GC remains unknown. Our previous work has demonstrated the remarkable role of Runt‐related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), in fueling the invasion and metastasis of GC. The present study aimed to elucidate the role of RUNX2 in tumorigenesis of GC. We assessed Runx2 expression and its clinical significance via bioinformatic analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. Roles for Runx2 in self‐renewal and tumorigenesis were examined in vitro and in vivo. Further bioinformatic analysis was applied to study the mechanism of GC progression. We found that Runx2 was highly expressed in the early stage of GC and positively correlated with a poor clinical outcome of patients. Runx2 was also significantly correlated with clinicopathological features, such as Hp infection, new neoplastic events, primary therapeutic outcome, ethnicity, race, and tumor stage. Multivariate analysis revealed that together with Runx2, age, cancer status, M stage, and T stage were independent prognostic factors for the outcome of GC patients. RUNX2 overexpression induced increased anchorage‐independent colony formation, sphere formation, and tumorigenesis in GC cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, bioinformatic analysis indicated that yes1 associated transcriptional regulator (YAP1) might be a downstream target of RUNX2. Specific knockdown of YAP1 reduced the tumor‐initiating ability of GC cells induced by ectopic Runx2 expression. Our findings support the hypothesis that RUNX2 exerts oncogenic properties via YAP1 regulation, highlighting essential roles for RUNX2 and YAP1 in gastric carcinogenesis and suggesting potential therapeutic targets.
The impact of autologous concentrated growth factors on the alveolar ridge preservation after posterior tooth extraction: A prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Ma Feifei , Lin Ye , Sun Feng , Jiang Xi , Wei Tai 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlveolar ridge preservation can effectively decrease alveolar ridge resorption following tooth extraction, but it can be limited by reducing new bone formation and residual bone graft material. Efforts to develop more efficacious approaches are thus an area of active research.PurposeTo assess the impact of autologous concentrated growth factors (CGF) on alveolar ridge absorption and osteogenesis following posterior tooth extraction.Materials and methodsFifty patients were randomly assigned to have extraction sockets treated with CGF or no treatment. At 10 days, 1 month, and 3 months postextraction, soft tissue color and texture were examined and evaluated with healing score. Cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were performed before and 3 months after extraction, while radiographic analyses were used to assess vertical and horizontal bone changes. Bone samples were collected from the extraction sockets during implant placement, and micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) scans and histological analysis were performed to evaluate new bone formation. t‐Test or Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare data and the level of statistical significance was set at 0.05 for all analyses.ResultsForty‐six patients completed the trial. Sockets in the experimental group exhibited significantly better healing score on Day 10 postextraction relative to the control group, whereas comparable healing was observed in both groups at 1 and 3 months postextraction. Experimental group exhibited reduced vertical bone changes relative to the control (p < 0.05). Significant reductions were observed in ridge width changes at 1 and 2 mm apical to the crest (p < 0.05), although differences at 3 and 5 mm apical to the crest were not significant. Significant differences of bone mineral density (BMD) and microarchitecture of trabecular bone were observed via micro‐CT analyses, and the experimental group had better results.ConclusionCGF application following posterior tooth extraction may reduce vertical and horizontal bone resorption and promote new bone formation.
Long‐term outcome and quality of life after continent ileostomy for ulcerative colitis: A systematic review
Authors: Deputy Mohammed , Worley Guy , Patel Komal , Fletcher Jordan , Hart Ailsa , Block Mattias , Øresland Tom , Myrelid Pär , Faiz Omar 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimThe continent ileostomy allows evacuation of an ileal reservoir at a time convenient to the patient. It is a surgical option for patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) when a restorative option is not suitable or has not succeeded and the patient does not want a conventional end ileostomy. Continent ileostomy types include the Kock pouch, Barnett continent intestinal reservoir and T‐pouch. All of the published evidence on the long‐term outcome and quality of life after continent ileostomy for UC was systematically reviewed.MethodsA systematic review was performed in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies published between 1990 and 2020 were included. A descriptive synthesis was used due to the clinical heterogeneity.ResultsThe search returned 1655 abstracts and after screening of abstracts and full text review, 19 were included in the final review, involving 1602 patients. Operative mortality is low (0%–3.6%) after all types of continent ileostomy but reoperation rates are high (20.8%–65%) because of valve mechanism failures. Rates of fistulae (0%–25.5%) and stomal stenosis (0%–25%) can be relatively high postoperatively. Quality of life scores improve for most patients undergoing continent ileostomy, especially for patients converted from ileal pouch anal anastomosis. Overall, continent ileostomy retention is high in the long‐term.DiscussionIn the long‐term, patients report high satisfaction and a good quality of life with continent ileostomy, despite high reoperation rates and complications. Newer technologies may reinvigorate interest in the continent ileostomy for this population.
History of depression is associated with worsened postoperative outcomes following colectomy
Authors: Zhang George Q. , Canner Joseph K. , Prince Elizabeth J. , Stem Miloslawa , Taylor James P. , Efron Jonathan E. , Atallah Chady , Safar Bashar 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimDepression is a prevalent disorder that is associated with adverse health outcomes, but an understanding of its effect in colorectal surgery remains limited. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of history of depression among patients undergoing colectomy.MethodUnited States patients from Marketscan (2010–2017) who underwent colectomy were included and stratified by whether they had a history of depression within the past year, defined as (1) a diagnosis of depression during the index admission, (2) a diagnosis of depression during any inpatient or (3) outpatient admission within the year, and/or (4) a pharmacy claim for an antidepressant within the year. The primary outcomes were length of stay (LOS) and inpatient hospital charge. Secondary outcomes included in‐hospital mortality and postoperative complications. Logistic, negative binomial, and quantile regressions were performed.ResultsAmong 88 981 patients, 21 878 (24.6%) had a history of depression. Compared to those without, patients with a history of depression had significantly longer LOS (IRR = 1.06, 95% CI [1.05, 1.07]), increased inpatient charge (β = 467, 95% CI [167, 767]), and increased odds of in‐hospital mortality (OR = 1.37, 95% CI [1.08, 1.73]) after adjustment. History of depression was also independently associated with increased odds of respiratory complication, pneumonia, and delirium (all P < 0.05).ConclusionHistory of depression was prevalent among individuals undergoing colectomy, and associated with greater mortality and inpatient charge, longer LOS, and higher odds of postoperative complication. These findings highlight the impact of depression in colorectal surgery patients and suggest that proper identification and treatment may reduce postoperative morbidity.
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis occurring after liver transplantation: A case series and review of the literature
Authors: Chesner Jaclyn , Schiano Thomas D. , Fiel M. Isabel , Crismale James F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life‐threatening disease characterized by excessive inflammation and tissue destruction due to a dysregulated immune response. Its secondary form is most commonly triggered by viral infection or malignancy. There have previously been 11 cases of acquired HLH described following liver transplantation in adult transplant recipients, most occurring within the first year following transplantation. Herein, we describe two cases of HLH in liver transplant recipients that both occurred remotely following transplantation. In the first case, HLH was thought to be triggered by the development of a post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder in a patient who was initially diagnosed with recurrent autoimmune hepatitis. In the second, it was thought to be triggered by a newly acquired human herpesvirus‐8 infection. In both cases, the syndrome was not recognized until treatment for the initial putative diagnoses was unsuccessful. Despite treatment, both patients unfortunately died from multiorgan failure. HLH in the post‐liver transplant setting is likely under‐recognized and has a high mortality; early diagnosis and intervention may lead to improved outcomes.
Climate, diseases, and the origins of corruption
Authors: Vu Trung V. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIt has been commonly observed that tropical countries tend to suffer from intense corruption and underdevelopment. This study provides an explanation for this long‐standing disparity across the world based on variation in the intensity of ultraviolet radiation (UV‐R). The central hypothesis is that UV‐R is positively associated with the (historical) prevalence of eye diseases, which significantly shortens work‐life expectancy as a skilled worker. This helps shape the worldwide distribution of corruption by affecting the incumbents' window of opportunity. Using data for up to 139 countries, I consistently find empirical support for the positive relationship between UV‐R and corruption. The main findings withstand accounting for numerous alternative explanations for international differences in corruption levels. Employing individual‐level data from the World Values Survey, I document suggestive evidence that exposure to UV‐R is linked to surveyed respondents' tolerance towards corrupt activities. Furthermore, a subnational analysis for China lends credence to the cross‐country evidence.
Pesticides do not significantly reduce arthropod pest densities in the presence of natural enemies
Authors: Janssen Arne , van Rijn Paul C. J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractChemical pesticides remain the main agents for control of arthropod crop pests despite increased concern for their side effects. Although chemical pesticide applications generally result in short‐term decreases of pest densities, densities can subsequently resurge to higher levels than before. Thus, pesticide effects on pest densities beyond a single pest generation may vary, but they have not been reviewed in a systematic manner. Using mathematical predator–prey models, we show that pest resurgence is expected when effective natural enemies are present, even when they are less sensitive to pesticides than the pest. Model simulations over multiple pest generations predict that pest resurgence due to pesticide applications will increase average pest densities throughout a growing season when effective natural enemies are present. We tested this prediction with a meta‐analysis of published data of field experiments that compared effects of chemical control of arthropod plant pests in the presence and absence of natural enemies. This largely confirmed our prediction: overall, pesticide applications did not reduce pest densities significantly when natural enemies were present, which concerned the vast majority of cases. We also show that long‐term pesticide effectiveness is underreported and suggest that pest control by natural enemies deserves more attention.
Occult primary white matter impairment in Leber hereditary optic neuropathy
Authors: Wang Ling , Ding Hao , Chen Bihong T. , Fan Ke , Tian Qin , Long Miaomiao , Liang Meng , Shi Dapeng , Yu Chunshui , Qin Wen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeLeber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a disease maternally inherited from mitochondria that predominantly impairs the retinal ganglion cells and their axons. To identify whether occult brain white matter (WM) impairment is involved, a voxel‐based analysis (VBA) of diffusion metrics was carried out in LHON patients with normal‐appearing brain parenchyma.MethodsFifty‐four symptomatic LHON patients (including 22 acute LHON with vision loss for ≤12 months, and 32 chronic LHON) without any visible brain lesions and 36 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in this study. VBA was applied to quantify the WM microstructural changes of LHON patients. Finally, the associations of the severity of WM impairment with disease duration and ophthalmologic deficits were assessed.ResultsCompared with the HCs, the average retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness was significantly reduced in patients with chronic LHON, whereas it was increased in patients with acute LHON (p < 0.05, corrected). VBA identified significantly decreased fractional anisotropy widely in WM in both the acute and chronic LHON patients, including the left anterior thalamic radiation and superior longitudinal fasciculus, and bilateral corticospinal tract, dentate nuclei, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, forceps major, and optic radiation (OR; p < 0.05, corrected). The integrity of most WM structures (except for the OR) was correlated with neither disease duration nor RNFL thickness (p > 0.05, corrected).ConclusionsOccult primary impairment of widespread brain WM is present in LHON patients. The coexisting primary and secondary WM impairment may jointly contribute to the pathological process of LHON.
First circumpolar assessment of Arctic freshwater phytoplankton and zooplankton diversity: Spatial patterns and environmental factors
Authors: Schartau Ann Kristin , Mariash Heather L. , Christoffersen Kirsten S. , Bogan Daniel , Dubovskaya Olga P. , Fefilova Elena B. , Hayden Brian , Ingvason Haraldur R. , Ivanova Elena A. , Kononova Olga N. , Kravchuk Elena S. , Lento Jennifer , Majaneva Markus , Novichkova Anna A. , Rautio Milla , R__hland Kathleen M. , Shaftel Rebecca , Smol John P. , Vrede Tobias , Kahilainen Kimmo K. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Arctic freshwaters are facing multiple environmental pressures, including rapid climate change and increasing land___use activities. Freshwater plankton assemblages are expected to reflect the effects of these stressors through shifts in species distributions and changes to biodiversity. These changes may occur rapidly due to the short generation times and high dispersal capabilities of both phyto___ and zooplankton.

Spatial patterns and contemporary trends in plankton diversity throughout the circumpolar region were assessed using data from more than 300 lakes in the U.S.A. (Alaska), Canada, Greenland, Iceland, the Faroe Islands, Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Russia. The main objectives of this study were: (1) to assess spatial patterns of plankton diversity focusing on pelagic communities; (2) to assess dominant component of __ diversity (turnover or nestedness); (3) to identify which environmental factors best explain diversity; and (4) to provide recommendations for future monitoring and assessment of freshwater plankton communities across the Arctic region.

Phytoplankton and crustacean zooplankton diversity varied substantially across the Arctic and was positively related to summer air temperature. However, for zooplankton, the positive correlation between summer temperature and species numbers decreased with increasing latitude. Taxonomic richness was lower in the high Arctic compared to the sub___ and low Arctic for zooplankton but this pattern was less clear for phytoplankton. Fennoscandia and inland regions of Russia represented hotspots for, respectively, phytoplankton and zooplankton diversity, whereas isolated regions had lower taxonomic richness. Ecoregions with high __ diversity generally also had high __ diversity, and turnover was the most important component of __ diversity in all ecoregions.

For both phytoplankton and zooplankton, climatic variables were the most important environmental factors influencing diversity patterns, consistent with previous studies that examined shorter temperature gradients. However, barriers to dispersal may have also played a role in limiting diversity on islands. A better understanding of how diversity patterns are determined by colonisation history, environmental variables, and biotic interactions requires more monitoring data with locations dispersed evenly across the circumpolar Arctic. Furthermore, the importance of turnover in regional diversity patterns indicates that more extensive sampling is required to fully characterise the species pool of Arctic lakes.