bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Artificial Neural Network Prediction Model for Posttraumatic Epilepsy: Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Xueping , Zhong Jie , Lei Ting , Chen Deng , Wang Haijiao , Zhu Lina , Chu Shanshan , Liu Ling 
Published: August 2021

Background
Posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a common sequela after traumatic brain injury (TBI), and identifying high-risk patients with PTE is necessary for their better treatment. Although artificial neural network (ANN) prediction models have been reported and are superior to traditional models, the ANN prediction model for PTE is lacking.

Objective
We aim to train and validate an ANN model to anticipate the risks of PTE.

Methods
The training cohort was TBI patients registered at West China Hospital. We used a 5-fold cross-validation approach to train and test the ANN model to avoid overfitting; 21 independent variables were used as input neurons in the ANN models, using a back-propagation algorithm to minimize the loss function. Finally, we obtained sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of each ANN model from the 5 rounds of cross-validation and compared the accuracy with a nomogram prediction model built in our previous work based on the same population. In addition, we evaluated the performance of the model using patients registered at Chengdu Shang Jin Nan Fu Hospital (testing cohort 1) and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital (testing cohort 2) between January 1, 2013, and March 1, 2015.

Results
For the training cohort, we enrolled 1301 TBI patients from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2017. The prevalence of PTE was 12.8% (166/1301, 95% CI 10.9%-14.6%). Of the TBI patients registered in testing cohort 1, PTE prevalence was 10.5% (44/421, 95% CI 7.5%-13.4%). Of the TBI patients registered in testing cohort 2, PTE prevalence was 6.1% (25/413, 95% CI 3.7%-8.4%). The results of the ANN model show that, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve in the training cohort was 0.907 (95% CI 0.889-0.924), testing cohort 1 was 0.867 (95% CI 0.842-0.893), and testing cohort 2 was 0.859 (95% CI 0.826-0.890). Second, the average accuracy of the training cohort was 0.557 (95% CI 0.510-0.620), with 0.470 (95% CI 0.414-0.526) in testing cohort 1 and 0.344 (95% CI 0.287-0.401) in testing cohort 2. In addition, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values and negative predictors in the training cohort (testing cohort 1 and testing cohort 2) were 0.80 (0.83 and 0.80), 0.86 (0.80 and 0.84), 91% (85% and 78%), and 86% (80% and 83%), respectively. When calibrating this ANN model, Brier scored 0.121 in testing cohort 1 and 0.127 in testing cohort 2. Compared with the nomogram model, the ANN prediction model had a higher accuracy (P=.01).

Conclusions
This study shows that the ANN model can predict the risk of PTE and is superior to the risk estimated based on traditional statistical methods. However, the calibration of the model is a bit poor, and we need to calibrate it on a large sample size set and further improve the model.
scFlow: A Scalable and Reproducible Analysis Pipeline for Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Data
Authors: Khozoie Combiz , Fancy Nurun , Marjaneh Mahdi M. , Murphy Alan E. , Matthews Paul M. , Skene Nathan 
Published: August 2021

Advances in single-cell RNA-sequencing technology over the last decade
have enabled exponential increases in throughput: datasets with over
a million cells are becoming commonplace. The burgeoning scale of data
generation, combined with the proliferation of alternative analysis
methods, led us to develop the scFlow toolkit and the nf-core/scflow
pipeline for reproducible, efficient, and scalable analyses of
single-cell and single-nuclei RNA-sequencing data. The scFlow toolkit
provides a higher level of abstraction on top of popular single-cell
packages within an R ecosystem, while the nf-core/scflow Nextflow
pipeline is built within the nf-core framework to enable compute
infrastructure-independent deployment across all institutions and
research facilities. Here we present our flexible pipeline, which
leverages the advantages of containerization and the potential of Cloud
computing for easy orchestration and scaling of the analysis of large
case/control datasets by even non-expert users. We demonstrate the
functionality of the analysis pipeline from sparse-matrix quality
control through to insight discovery with examples of analysis of four
recently published public datasets and describe the extensibility of
scFlow as a modular, open-source tool for single-cell and single nuclei
bioinformatic analyses.
The Moderating Effect of Achievement Motive on Performance Feedback in Choices of Challenging Tasks
Authors: Slapničar Sergeja , Oblak Karla , Ličen Mina 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Successful employee engagement in cognitively challenging tasks is a driving force of performance in modern organizations. Research has shown that performance feedback can be a powerful management control tool to stimulate engagement in such tasks; however, little is known about how individuals with different achievement motives respond to it. This paper examines the main and interactive effects of achievement motive and performance feedback on engagement in tasks that become progressively more challenging. We designed a within-subject experiment deploying an increasingly difficult cognitive task. We find that feedback is a key determinant of engagement in challenging tasks, as the main effect and in the interaction with achievement motive. Failure feedback discourages individuals with low achievement motive more than those with high achievement motive. Success feedback strongly encourages individuals to engage in a challenging task and levels out differences in achievement motive.
Data Availability: Data are available upon request from the corresponding author.
JEL Classifications: D8; D86; M50.
Effectiveness of a Modified Measurement of the Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter in Newborns: A Randomized Study
Authors: Tomazoni Andreia , Kuerten Rocha Patrícia , de Souza Sabrina , Pina Juliana Coelho , Dalcin Camila Biazus 
Published: August 2021

Highlights

Abstract
Introduction: The measurement recommended in literature for a peripherally inserted central catheter presents considerable rates of poor positioning in the neonatal population.
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the modified measurement method for a peripherally inserted central catheter in newborns, with respect to the positioning of the catheter tip.
Method: A randomized clinical trial, conducted in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in south Brazil. The sample comprised the number of catheter insertion procedures in newborns, being randomized in the control group by applying the traditional measure and in the experimental group by applying a modified measure. The sample included 155 procedures, with 88 procedures included in data analysis. The data collection period was from September 2018 to September 2019.
Results: The group-related variable was considered a risk factor for tip location. The control group was 28.87 times more likely to have the tip’s initial location peripheral than the experimental group, and 44.80 times more likely that the location would be intracardiac than in the experimental group.
Conclusions: The modified measurement method proved to be more effective for the central location of the tip. The need for new assessments of this method in future research studies is highlighted.
Longevity of Crown Margin Repairs Using Glass Ionomer Cement: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Watson JI , Patel JS , Ramya MB , Capin O , Diefenderfer KE , Thyvalikakath TP , Cook NB 
Published: August 2021

SUMMARY

Objective:
The objective of this study was to determine the survival time of crown margin repairs (CMRs) with glass ionomer and resin-modified glass ionomer cements on permanent teeth using electronic dental record (EDR) data.

Methods:
We queried a database of EDR (axiUm; Exan Group, Coquitlam, BC, Canada) in the Indiana University School of Dentistry (IUSD), Indianapolis, IN, USA, for records of patients who underwent CMRs of permanent teeth at the Graduate Operative Dentistry Clinic. Two examiners developed guidelines for reviewing the records and manually reviewed the clinical notes of patient records to confirm for CMRs. Only records that were confirmed with the presence of CMRs were retained in the final dataset for survival analysis. Survival time was calculated by Kaplan-Meier statistics, and a Cox proportional hazards model was performed to assess the influence of age, gender, and tooth type on survival time (a&lt;0.05).

Results:
A total of 214 teeth (115 patients) with CMR were evaluated. Patient average age was 69.4 ± 11.7 years old. Posterior teeth accounted for 78.5% (n=168) of teeth treated. CMRs using glass ionomer cements had a 5-year survival rate of 62.9% and an annual failure rate (AFR) of 8.9%. Cox proportional-hazards model revealed that none of the factors examined (age, gender, tooth type) affected time to failure.

Conclusion:
The results indicate the potential of CMRs for extending the functional life of crowns with defective margins, thus reducing provider and patient burden of replacing an indirect restoration. We recommend future studies with a larger population who received CMR to extend the generalizability of our findings and to determine the influence of factors such as caries risk and severity of defects on survival time.
A conceptual analysis of the meaning of comfort at the end-of-life using the Walker and Avant (2014) Framework
Authors: Hou Yong-Chao , Timmins Fiona , Zhou Qian , Wang Ju-Zi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
The aim of the authors is to clarify the concept of comfort at the end-of-life in order to support understandings of fundamental nursing care needed at this stage of healthcare.

Methods
The Walker and Avant framework was applied to develop a deeper understanding of the concept of comfort at the end of life.

Results
Five defining attributes of comfort in the end-of-life were identified and they are having a peaceful home-life environment, trust and consolation, proximity and social-cultural support, alleviation of suffering, and a process of integrated intervention by nurses.

Conclusions
At the end-of-life patients commonly experience physical, psychological, social-cultural, and environmental discomfort. Patients’ families also encounter significant challenges. However, their comfort needs are often secondary to that of the patient. Additionally, a lack of clarity exists regarding the holistic meaning of comfort at the end-of-life, which can largely be confined to understandings of physical comfort for the patient, with a limited understanding of addressing family/caregivers’ needs. Therefore, this concept analysis may provide some guidance in this regard and also provides support toward a more integrated understanding of the concept.
Evaluation of the intervention of home-based pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Zhang Ye , Xu Na-Ping , Mo Bei-Rong , Liu Xian-Liang , Lin Ya-Chang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can be prevented and treated, although presenting with persistent airflow restriction; the airflow restriction caused by COPD is mostly progressive. In recent years, more attention has been paid to the home-based pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) and its influence on COPD. Exercise training is the basic constituent of PR. However, it is not clear which exercise trainings are the ideal ways to deliver home-based PR.

Methods
In this review, we focus on the effect of home-based exercise training on patients with COPD. We searched literature, which was necessarily required to be randomized controlled trails (RCTs) from the establishment of the four respective databases (Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure) from January 2008 to January 2018. We used the Cochrane collaborative “risk of bias” tool to assess the quality of evidence. A total of 21 trials (1694 participants) were included. Through the analysis of the literature, we find that a simple, low-cost, and low-intensity family-based lung-rehabilitation plan to adapt to the real life may lead to the improvement of the ability to exercise, the reduction of the difficulty in breathing, and the improvement of carrying out daily activities.

Results
In the exercise training of home-based PR, lower limb exercise (LLE) training demonstrated a more perceptible effect in improving the quality of life of patients with COPD. At the same time, the combination of LLE training, breathing training, and upper limb exercise training is more obvious than the simple LLE training. In addition, home-based low-intensity aerobic training may sometimes be no less than the outpatient or center intervention to improve dyspnea, health status, and exercise tolerance. In conclusion, the simple and easy home-based PR exercise program is useful. Long-term home-based PR may require an enhanced need for maintenance.

Conclusions
A simple, low-cost, and low-intensity high blood pressure response (HBPR) plan to adapt to the real life may lead to an augmentation in the ability to exercise, a reduction of the difficulty in breathing, and an improvement in carrying out day-to-day activities. HBPR strategies can benefit patients (elderly patients with COPD at home) in the long term.
Serration pattern analysis as a practical adjunct tool for categorization of subepidermal autoimmune blistering diseases
Authors: Arora Sukriti , Shetty Varsha M. , Rao Chythra R. , Pai Satish B. , Rao Raghavendra 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Serration pattern analysis helps in the classification of subepidermal autoimmune blistering disorders; more precisely, it helps to differentiate epidermolysis bullosa acquisita from other subepidermal autoimmune blistering disorders. Most of the published reports of this tool have come from a single center.

Objectives:
The objectives of the study were to study the utility of serration pattern analysis in classifying subepidermal autoimmune blistering disorders.

Methods:
Seventy five cases of subepidermal autoimmune blistering disorders were enrolled in this prospective study. A three millimeter punch biopsy was taken from the perilesional skin or mucosa for direct immunofluorescence; indirect immunofluorescence was carried out using salt-split skin. Subclassification of subepidermal autoimmune blistering disorders was done based on direct immunofluorescence, indirect immunofluorescence on salt-split skin, indirect immunofluorescence using knockout skin and serration pattern analysis findings.

Results:
Indirect immunofluorescence was positive in 68 cases; 14 cases showed a dermal staining pattern while the rest showed either an epidermal or a combined pattern. All patients with epidermal or combined staining patterns showed “n” serrated pattern on direct immunofluorescence. Nine patients with dermal staining on indirect immunofluorescence also revealed an “n” serration pattern on direct immunofluorescence indicating the diagnosis of anti-p200 pemphigoid, and the rest showed a “u” serrated pattern. Three patients with negative indirect immunofluorescence showed “u” serration on direct immunofluorescence while the rest showed “n” serration.

Limitations:
ELISA and immunoblotting could not be performed due to resource constraints.

Conclusion:
Based on indirect immunofluorescence and serration pattern analysis, classification of the majority of patients with subepidermal autoimmune blistering disorders was possible in our study. Pattern recognition is a cost-effective tool and can be easily learnt. It is recommended to be practiced in all laboratories where facilities for advanced immunological diagnosis are unavailable.
Prevalence of eczema among older persons: A population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Neena Vijayan , Asokan Neelakandhan , Jose Rajany , Sarin A. 
Published: August 2021

Background
There are very few population-based studies on the prevalence of eczema among older persons

Aims
To estimate the prevalence and types of eczema in those aged 65 years or more in the community and to evaluate the effectiveness of community-based interventions for case finding.

Methods
In the first stage of this cross-sectional survey, trained health workers of a non-governmental organization surveyed the eligible population and identified persons likely to have eczema. In the second stage, dermatologists examined such persons to ascertain the diagnosis. Statistical analysis was done using Epi Info software version 7. Prevalence of eczema was expressed in percentages. Chi-square test was used for comparing the difference in prevalence of eczema in various age groups and sex.

Results
Health workers identified 98 persons as possible cases of eczema after interviewing 385 older persons in the community. Among them 95 persons were examined by dermatologists and 44 were confirmed to have eczema (diagnostic accuracy of health workers = 46.3%).Point prevalence of eczema was 11.4% (44/385). Prevalence was similar in males and females. It was greater (18.2 %) among persons aged 81 years or more. Asteatotic eczema, gravitational eczema and lichen simplex chronicus were the more common types of eczema. Limitations: Possible underestimation of the prevalence rates due to limited medical knowledge of health workers; limited facilities for examination and investigations at the medical camps and home visits.

Conclusion
There appears to be a considerable burden of eczema among older persons in the community. A community-based approach involving non-governmental organizations has the potential to identify cases and offer care close to their homes.
IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN BRIGADE SIAGA BENCANA DALAM TANGGAP DARURAT DI KABUPATEN BANTAENG
Authors: Munawwir M. , M.S Alyas, , Hakim Lukman 
Published: August 2021

Disaster in Emergency Response in Bantaeng Regency with several factors affecting the implementation of policies, standards and policy objectives resources, characteristics of the implementing agencies, attitude and tendency of implementers (Disposition) , clarity of information on communication between organizations and implementing activities (inter-organizational communication and enforcement activities) and conditions of the economic, social and political environment (economic, social and political conditions). The method used in this research was descriptive qualitative using observation, interview, and documentation instruments. Then data analysis techniques through data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that; (1) Standard and policy objectives (standards and objectivity), the legal basis for its implementation is by the 1945 Constitution article 28 verse 1, which was then technically translated through the Decree of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 462 of 2002 concerning Safe Community. This government policy is expected to be able to enhance public health status. (2) Resources, in terms of the number and expertise of the human resources assigned to the BSB team, are sufficient. (3) The characteristics of the implementing agencies, District government support for this program is quite adequate both in terms of budget and needs. (4) The attitude and tendency of the implementers (Disposition), the understanding of policy implementers about the standards and objectives of this policy is well understood (5) Clarity of information communication between organizations and activities implementer (inter-organizational communication and enforcement activities) that in order to provide clarity of the information to the public, BSB officers involve community groups as information support media (6) Economic, social and political conditions. Strong support for the success of the Disaster Preparedness Brigade program lies in the social capital owned by The Regent of Bantaeng, Nurdin Abdullah as the initiator.
Does the Inflow of FDI Boost the Health of the Population in SAARC Countries Evidence from a Panel Data Analysis
Authors: Saleem Ayesha , Farooq Abdul , Nawaz Ahmad , Anwar Muhammad Masood 
Published: August 2021

Purpose:The relationship between foreign direct investment and population health has been the focus of research among researchers in recent years. One of the basic individual rights is a healthy life and decent living conditions, but the SAARC countries are lagging behind in this respect.The goal of this study is to evaluate the effect of foreign direct investment inflows on population health by integrating growth, foreign aid, and human capital into the model for selected SAARC countries.
Design/Methodology/Approach:The fixed effect technique based on the Hausman test was implemented through the period of 1996-2018 because of the Panel nature of the data.
Findings:Our empirical results indicate that FDI inflows have a positive and significant effect on population health. Increase in FDI inflows in the host country raises the income of the people, as better job opportunities are available to them.
Implications/Originality/Value:This research is a crucial step in observing the complicated relationship between Foreign Direct Investment and Population Health. It is expected that this research motivates the debate and enhance the knowledge further in this line of research.Government should provide incentives to the foreign investors by providing concessions in taxes, and better facilities in terms of improved infrastructure.
The Effect of Leverage and Debt Maturity on the Corporate Financial Performance: Evidence from Non Financial Firms Listed at Pakistan Stock Exchange
Authors: Khan Naveed , Ullah Hamid , Afeef Mustafa 
Published: August 2021

Purpose This study examined the effect of leverage, debt maturity on corporate financial performance of non-financial firms listed at the Pakistan Stock Exchange. Targeted population of this study was 100 firm listed at PSX as KSE-100 index out of which 74 non-financial firms were selected from 28 different sectors for the period of 5 years 2013 to 2017.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Financial performance measured by ROA, ROE, while leverage, short term leverage, long term leverage taken as independent variables, four variables were taken as control which are size, current ratio, sale growth, tangibility. On the basis of Hausman test, results of random effect model were found appropriate.
Findings: ST and LT Leverage have a negative significant and insignificant effect on financial performance (ROA) respectively, moreover long term leverage has a positive and significant but short has a negative and insignificant effect on ROE. The results of the control variables showed that size has a negative and significant effect on ROA and ROE, whereas current ratio has insignificant and negative effect on ROA, ROE. Sale growth has a positive and insignificant effect on firms ROA and ROE. Tangibility has insignificant and negative effect on financial performance.
Implications/Originality/Value: This study is consistent with traditional trade-off theory and recommended that management of the non-financial firms listed at the PSX should employ minimal debt level or use an optimal level of capital structure and also to attract good management thus to improve their financial performance.