bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of different morphologic abnormalities on hemodynamics in patients with venous pulsatile tinnitus: A four‐dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Li Xiaoshuai , Qiu Xiaoyu , Ding Heyu , Lv Han , Zhao Pengfei , Yang Zhenghan , Gong Shusheng , Wang Zhenchang 
Published: January 2021

The effects of morphologic abnormalities, including sigmoid sinus wall dehiscence (SSWD), transverse sinus stenosis (TSS), and sigmoid sinus diverticulum (SSD), on hemodynamics in venous pulsatile tinnitus (PT) patients have not been established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of SSWD, TSS, and SSD on the hemodynamics of transverse‐sigmoid sinus in venous PT patients. This was a prospective study with 44 venous PT patients and 12 healthy controls. A 3 T/four‐dimensional (4D) flow magnetic resonance imaging with fast field echo was used. Computed tomography arteriography/venography was used to assess ipsilateral SSWD, TSS, and SSD. Maximum velocity (Vmax), average velocity (Vavg), and average flow (Flowavg) were measured. Blood flow patterns were independently assessed by three neuroradiologists. One‐way analysis of variance or Kruskal–Wallis test was also used. On the symptomatic side, all patients had SSWD, 33 patients had TSS, and 22 patients had SSD. Compared with healthy controls, patients with TSS, without TSS, with SSD, and without SSD all showed higher Vmax (all p < 0.050), Vavg (all p < 0.050), and Flowavg (all p < 0.050). Patients with TSS showed higher Vmax (p < 0.050) and Vavg (p < 0.050) than those without TSS, and no significant difference in Flowavg was found between the two groups (p = 0.408). No significant differences in Vmax, Vavg, and Flowavg were found between patients with and without SSD (all p = 1.000). Jet‐like flow in the stenosis and downstream of the stenosis was observed in all patients with TSS. Vortex in SSD was observed in 15 patients with SSD (68%). High blood velocity and flow may be characteristic markers of venous PT. SSWD may be a necessary condition for venous PT. TSS may further increase the blood velocity and form a jet‐like flow. SSD may be related to vortex formation but had no significant effect on blood velocity and flow.Level of Evidence2Technical Efficacy Stage3
Specific inhibition of IL‐6 receptor attenuates inflammatory bone loss in experimental periodontitis
Authors: Apolinário Vieira Gustavo H. , Aparecida Rivas Ana Carolina , Figueiredo Costa Karine , Ferreira Oliveira Luis Fernando , Tanaka Suzuki Kleber , Reis Messora Michel , Sprone Ricoldi Milla , Gonçalves de Almeida Adriana Luisa , Taba Mario 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundPeriodontal pathogenesis takes into consideration that disease results from a complex inflammatory immune response. Among the major cytokines related to periodontal damage, interleukin (IL)‐6 enhances a cascade of tissue destruction. Tocilizumab (TCZ) is a humanized monoclonal anti‐human IL‐6 receptor that inhibits IL‐6‒mediated proinflammatory activity. This study aimed to elucidate whether TCZ inhibits the deleterious effect of ligature‐induced periodontitis.MethodsExperimental ligature‐induced periodontitis was treated with systemic administration of TCZ intraperitoneally in three different concentration dosages (2 mg/kg, 4 mg/kg, and 8 mg/kg. Euthanasia occurred at 7 and 14 days after the initiation of the study. Local changes in the alveolar bone were measured by bone volume, the ratio of bone volume, and trabecular thickness using microcomputed tomography. Attachment loss and inflammatory infiltrate were evaluated by histology. Immune response was analyzed focusing on the Th17 pattern.ResultsTCZ inhibited alveolar bone resorption and attachment loss in 7 and 14 days for all dosage groups in comparison to controls (P < 0.05). Besides, TCZ induced lower expression of inflammatory infiltrate (P <0.05) and less production of Th17‐related cytokines (P <0.05) and RANKL (P <0.05).ConclusionsThe inhibition of IL‐6‒mediated proinflammatory activity by IL‐6R blocking reduced alveolar bone resorption and attachment loss supported by the modulation of the Th17 periodontal response. Considering the inflammatory status, modulatory therapy may be a promising approach to periodontal disease.
Nutritional, anti‐nutritional, antioxidant, physicochemical and functional characterization of Australian acacia seed: effect of species and regions
Authors: Adiamo Oladipupo Q , Netzel Michael E , Hoffman Louwrens C , Gidley Michael J , Sultanbawa Yasmina 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDAcacia seed (AS) is an underutilized legume widely distributed in the world, with majority of the species (>70%) found in Australia. Generally, the seeds are not only rich in protein, dietary fibre and potassium, but also possess anti‐nutritional compounds. In recent years, there have been an increase in the cultivation of some Australian acacia species such as Acacia victoriae, Acacia cowleana and Acacia coriacea from different regions. However, there is limited information on the composition, anti‐nutrients, antioxidant and functional properties of flour from these widely grown Australian AS species. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the properties of these Australian AS species from different geographical regions.RESULTSThe A. cowleana and A. coriacea were characterized by high protein, fat, potassium and soluble carbohydrate. However, higher starch and fibre contents were present in A. victoriae. Greater amounts of anti‐nutrients, total phenolics and flavonoids were found in A. cowleana and A. coriacea seeds, whereas A. victoriae had higher 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical‐scavenging capacity. A. victoriae and A. coriacea demonstrated the highest water absorption and solubility index, respectively. However, A. cowleana showed the highest oil absorption index. There was less variation in the composition and properties within species from different regions.CONCLUSIONAll samples showed promising nutritional characteristics, although with sufficient diversity to indicate that Australian acacia seeds can be utilized to develop a range of new (functional) food products. Overall, the information obtained will help the food industries with the selection of AS species for food application.
Changes in photosynthetic traits and their responses to increasing fertilization rates in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) during decades of genetic improvement
Authors: Bao Xueyan , Li Zhigang , Yao Xingdong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackroundChanges in photosynthetic traits (PTs) during the long‐term genetic improvement of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) yield have been studied, but detailed information on whether PT responses to environmental stress have improved, and their correlations with seed yield, are still unknown. Our objectives were to describe the changes in soybean PTs – leaf area index (LAI), leaf chlorophyll content (Chl), net photosynthetic rate (PN), stomatal conductance (gs), and transpiration rate (E) – during decades of genetic improvement, and to detect whether the responses to increasing fertilizer application rates (FRs) of the PTs of 13 different soybean cultivars released in various decades differed.ResultsAll of the soybean PTs increased significantly along with the year in which each cultivar was released, under different FR treatments, indicating that PTs have improved during decades of genetic breeding. Medium FR (nitrogen) treatment (150 kg ha −1) increased PT values, to different extents, at all the investigated growth stages. Leaf area index, Chl, and PN of the old and middle cultivar groups at the full bloom (R2), full seed (R6), and beginning maturity (R7) stages decreased significantly under high FR treatment (300 kg ha−1) compared with the medium FR treatment. The former had no effect on any of the PTs of new cultivar group, or had promotive effects. Thus, the photosynthetic capacities of the new cultivars are more tolerant to high FR‐related stress than older cultivars.ConclusionsThe photosynthetic capacities, and tolerance to high FR‐related stress, of soybean cultivars that were released in different years improved after long‐term genetic breeding. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Pseudo‐allergic compounds screened from Shengmai injection by using high‐expression Mas‐related G protein‐coupled receptor X2 cell membrane chromatography online coupled with liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry
Authors: Sun Wei , Wang Saisai , Liang Peida , Zhou Huaxin , Zhang Liyang , Jia Qianqian , Fu Jia , Lv Yanni , Han Shengli 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAdverse drug reactions of traditional Chinese medicine injection mainly manifested as pseudo‐allergic reactions. In the present study, ginsenoside Rd, Ro, and Rg3 were identified as pseudo‐allergic components in Shengmai injection by a high‐expression Mas‐related G protein‐coupled receptor X2 cell membrane chromatography coupled online with high‐performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Their pseudo‐allergic activities were evaluated by in vitro and in vivo assay. The three compounds were further found to induce pseudo‐allergic reaction through Mas‐related G protein‐coupled receptor X2. Therefore, we concluded that ginsenoside Rd, Ro and Rg3 may be potential allergens that cause pseudo‐allergic reactions. This study might be helpful for the safe use of Shengmai injection.
Race in Rhinology Clinical Trials: A Decade of Disparity
Authors: Spielman Daniel B. , Liebowitz Andi , Kelebeyev Saveliy , Smith Timothy L. , McKinney Kibwei , Woodard Troy , Safi Chetan , Overdevest Jonathan B. , Gudis David A. 
Published: January 2021

Objective/HypothesisThe aim of this study is to assess the ethnic and racial demographics of patients enrolled in prospective chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) studies relative to the corresponding geographic demographics of the United States (U.S.) census data.Study DesignSystematic Review and Population analysis.MethodsA systematic review was performed to identify CRS clinical trials, conducted in the U.S. and published between 2010 and 2020 in which patients were prospectively enrolled. Pooled racial and ethnicity data were compared to national and corresponding regional census data.ResultsEighty‐three studies were included, comprising 12,027 patients. 50.4% were male and the average age was 49.2 years. 8,810 patients underwent a surgical procedure. Of the 12,027 patients, 81.67% were identified as White, 5.35% as Black, 1.27% as Asian, 0.02% as Pacific Islander, 0.12% as American Indian, and 11.57% were classified as Other. The racial and ethnic composition of the pooled study population differs significantly from the national U.S. census data with the underrepresentation of each minority population (P ≤ .0002). Regional sub‐analyses yield variable results. In the Northeast and West, there was an underrepresentation of all minority populations. In the South and Midwest, Black enrollment was similar to the U.S. census data, while all other minorities were underrepresented.ConclusionsThe racial and ethnic composition of patients enrolled in prospective CRS clinical trials differs significantly from the demographics of the U.S. population. The generalizability and external validity of findings derived from studies comprised of demographically mismatched populations has not been established. Future efforts to enroll more representative populations should be emphasized by the research community, funding bodies, and editorial boards.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 131:1722–1728, 2021
On the tilting‐pad thrust bearings hydrodynamic lubrication under combined numerical and machine learning techniques
Authors: Katsaros Konstantinos P. , Nikolakopoulos Pantelis G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThrust bearings are machine elements designed to support axial loads in rotating machinery. The hydrodynamic lubrication analysis of such bearings has been a major subject for many studies over the years, leading to important conclusions for design parameters that affect their optimal operating conditions. Furthermore, the last few years, the influence of the industry 4.0 concept has brought new tools that can revolutionise bearings' design. The aim of this study is to combine numerical analysis and machine learning techniques in order to identify optimal thrust bearing's hydrodynamic designs. For this purpose, the Reynolds equations are solved using the finite difference technique on a 2‐D grid of a tilting pivoted bearing's pad. The bearing pressure distribution; load carrying capacity and friction are calculated for multiple operating conditions. The data produced are used as input for the training of regression models that predict the behaviour of the thrust bearing for a wide range of loads and rotating speeds. Simple and multi‐variable, linear, polynomial and SVM regression models are compared for their accuracy to predicting the bearing's operating conditions. The major findings related with three different lubricants, a monograde SAE 30, a multi‐grade SAE 10W40 and a bio‐lubricant AWS 100 that are compared and their optimal operating conditions are suggested in terms of minimum friction force and maximum load carrying capacity for the bearing pad. AWS 100 is found to be the most suitable lubricant that provides the bearing with low operating friction and high load carrying capacity in all studied cases.
High‐Performance Photochromic Hydrogels for Rewritable Information Record
Authors: Long Shijun , Ye Zhihua , Jin Yiqi , Huang Jiacheng , Huang Yiwan , Liao Yonggui , Li Xuefeng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRewritable information record materials usually demand not only reversibly stimuli‐responsive ability, but also strong mechanical properties. To achieve one photochromic hydrogel with super‐strong mechanical strength, hydrophobic molecule spiropyran (SP) has been introduced into a copolymer based on ion‐hybrid crosslink. The hydrogels exhibit both photoinduced reversible color changes and excellent mechanical properties, i.e., the tensile stress of 3.22 MPa, work of tension of 12.8 MJ m−3, and modulus of elasticity of 8.6 MPa. Moreover, the SP‐based Ca2+ crosslinked hydrogels can be enhanced further when exposed to UV‐light via ionic interaction coordination between Ca2+, merocyanine (MC) with polar copolymer chain. In particular, hydrogels have excellent reversible conversion behavior, which can be used to realize repeatable writing of optical information. Thus, the novel design is demonstrated to support future applications in writing repeatable optical information, optical displays, information storage, artificial intelligence systems, and flexible wearable devices.
A rare gene variation cap +1 (A>C) (HBB: c. −50A>C) associated with codon 5 (‐CT) (HBB: c.17_18delCT) mutation in Syrian family
Authors: Murad Hossam , Moassas Faten , Fakseh Nour A. L. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundCAP+1 [A>C] (HBB:c.‐50A>C) is a rare silent β‐thalassemia (β‐thal) mutation. Carrier individuals of this mutation show borderline hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and Hb A2 levels. This mutation was previously reported in combination with different β‐thalassemia mutations, leading to variable phenotypes.Case presentationHere, we describe for the first time the combination of silent CAP+1 [A>C] (HBB:c.‐50A>C) mutation with β0 codon 5 [‐CT] (HBB:c.17_18delCT) mutation in a Syrian proband, leading to beta thalassemia intermedia (TI).ConclusionsThe compound heterozygotes of the silent CAP+1 (A>C) together with another severe beta gene mutation, are phenotypically severe enough to present at an early age and require appropriate therapeutic modalities.
External validation of a model predicting de novo stress urinary incontinence after pelvic organ prolapse surgery
Authors: Yasa Cenk , Gungor Ugurlucan Funda , Dural Ozlem , Yalcın Onay 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTAimsDe novo stress urinary incontinence (SUI) may develop after surgical correction of advanced pelvic organ prolapse (POP) in otherwise continent women. Prediction of which women with POP will develop SUI after the prolapse is corrected is difficult. We aimed to externally validate a previously described prediction model for de novo SUI after performing vaginal surgery for POP and to assess its clinical performance when used as a diagnostic test.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included all continent women with ≥ stage 2 POP according to the POP‐Quantification System who underwent reconstructive surgery for symptomatic POP. Surgical correction for prolapse of the anterior and/or apical compartment was performed using native tissue or vaginal mesh repair. Seven parameters of the prediction model including age at surgery, number of vaginal births, body mass index, preoperative stress test, previous continence procedure history, urine leakage associated with a feeling of urgency, and diagnosis of diabetes for each patient was provided from the medical records, and the predicted probability of de novo SUI after POP surgery was calculated. The primary outcome used to validate the prediction model was the presence of SUI 1 year after surgery. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was generated to evaluate the predictive accuracy. A cut‐off point of ≥ 50% was used to evaluate its clinical performance as a diagnostic test.ResultsTwo hundred twenty‐five women were suitable for analysis. The rate of de novo SUI was 5.3%. The predictive accuracy of the model in our population using the area under the ROC curve was 0.56 (95% confidence interval = 0.35–0.77). Its performance as a diagnostic test was poor (positive likelihood ratio = 1.20 and negative likelihood ratio = 0.89).ConclusionsOur clinical validation of this model showed that it did not have good clinical performance. We need future prospective studies to identify and incorporate additional markers of de novo SUI to improve the prediction capacity.
Impairment of accessory nerves around major pelvic ganglion leading to overflow urinary incontinence in rats
Authors: Maeda Kotomi , Hotta Yuji , Shibayama Maaya , Kawata Ryoya , Kataoka Tomoya , Matsumoto Seiji , Yamamoto Tokunori , Kimura Kazunori 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimsTo investigate the relationship between lower urinary tract function and the accessory nerve (ACN) arising from the major pelvic ganglion (MPG).MethodsTen‐week‐old male Wistar/ST rats were randomly divided into eight groups according to the type of treatment (sham or bilateral accessory nerve injury [BACNI]) and the duration of observation (3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, or 4 weeks: Sham‐3d, Sham‐1w, Sham‐2w, Sham‐4w, BACNI‐3d, BACNI‐1w, BACNI‐2ws, and BACNI‐4w. BACNI was induced in the following manner: the ACN was crushed for 1 min (2 mm away from the MPG) using reverse‐action tweezers. The same procedure was performed on both sides. On the last day of each observation period, the bladder function was measured by awake cystometry, and histological evaluation was performed.ResultsAll rats in the Sham groups micturated normally. In the BACNI‐3d and BACNI‐1w groups, all rats showed symptoms of overflow urinary incontinence (OUI). This OUI improved gradually over time. The bladder's size in the BACNI group was significantly larger than that in the Sham group (p < .01). In addition, fibrosis was observed in the subserosa of the bladder of rats in BACNI groups.ConclusionThe BACNI model rats exhibited OUI, suggesting that ACN is involved in the lower urinary tract function. It might be possible that ACN controls the function of either the bladder, the urethra, or both.
A robust topology optimization for enlarging working bandwidth of acoustic devices
Authors: Qin Jincheng , Isakari Hiroshi , Taji Kouichi , Takahashi Toru , Matsumoto Toshiro 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe propose a novel robust topology optimization for designing acoustic devices that are effective for broadband sound waves. Here, we define the objective function as the weighted sum of the acoustic response to an incident wave consisting of a single frequency and its standard deviation (SD) against the frequency perturbation. By approximating the SD, under the assumption that the incident frequency follows the normal distribution, with the high‐order Taylor expansion of the (conventional) objective function, we deal with significant frequency variations. To calculate such an approximation, we need to calculate the high‐order frequency derivatives of the state variable. Here, we define them by integral representations, which enables us to characterize them even when the state variable is defined in an unbounded domain as is often the case with wave scattering problems. We further show that, based on this definition, the high‐order derivatives can efficiently be computed by a combination of the boundary element method and automatic differentiation. We also present a derivation and calculation of the topological derivative for the newly defined objective function. We install all the proposed techniques into a topology optimization method based on the level‐set method to design wideband acoustic devices. The validity and effectiveness of the proposed topology optimization are confirmed through several numerical examples.
Constrained motion design with distinct actuators and motion stabilization
Authors: Sachse Renate , Geiger Florian , Bischoff Manfred 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe design of adaptive structures is one method to improve sustainability of buildings. Adaptive structures are able to adapt to different loading and environmental conditions or to changing requirements by either small or large shape changes. In the latter case, also the mechanics and properties of the deformation process play a role for the structure's energy efficiency. The method of variational motion design, previously developed in the group of the authors, allows to identify deformation paths between two given geometrical configurations that are optimal with respect to a defined quality function. In a preliminary, academic setting this method assumes that every single degree of freedom is accessible to arbitrary external actuation forces that realize the optimized motion. These (nodal) forces can be recovered a posteriori. The present contribution deals with an extension of the method of motion design by the constraint that the motion is to be realized by a predefined set of actuation forces. These can be either external forces or prescribed length chances of discrete, internal actuator elements. As an additional constraint, static stability of each intermediate configuration during the motion is taken into account. It can be accomplished by enforcing a positive determinant of the stiffness matrix.
Comparative Costs of a Parent‐Only and Parent and Child Treatment for Children with Overweight or Obesity
Authors: Boutelle Kerri N. , Strong David , Liang June , Rhee Kyung E. , Rock Cheryl L. , Wilfley Denise , Epstein Leonard , Crow Scott J. 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveModels such as family‐based treatment (FBT), delivered to both the parent and child, are considered the most efficacious intervention for children with obesity. However, recent research suggests that parent‐based treatment (PBT; or parent‐only treatment) is noninferior to FBT. The aim of this study was to evaluate the comparative costs of the FBT and PBT models.MethodsA total of 150 children with overweight and obesity and their parents were randomized to one of two 6‐month treatment programs (FBT or PBT). Data was collected at baseline, during treatment, and following treatment, and and trial‐based analyses of the costs were conducted from a health care sector perspective and a limited societal perspective.ResultsResults suggest that PBT, compared with FBT, had lower costs per parent‐child dyad from the health care sector perspective (PBT = $2,886; FBT = $3,899) and from a limited societal perspective (PBT = $3,231; FBT = $4,279).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that a PBT intervention has lower costs and is noninferior to an FBT intervention for both child and parent weight loss.