bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemsex and diagnoses of syphilis, gonorrhoea and chlamydia among men who have sex with men in the UK: a multivariable prediction model using causal inference methodology
Authors: MacGregor Louis , Kohli Manik , Looker Katharine J , Hickson Ford , Weatherburn Peter , Schmidt Axel J , Turner Katy ME 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionIn the last decade diagnoses of most STIs have risen among men who have sex with men (MSM). Although a significant proportion of this is likely due to increased STI screening, understanding the role of behavioural drivers remains critical. We measure the associations between stimulant use to enhance and prolong sexual experiences (chemsex) and bacterial STI diagnoses in UK MSM, individually considering HIV-diagnosed MSM, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) users and other MSM.MethodsWe used the UK 2017–2018 European MSM Internet Survey data (n=9375). We constructed causal inference models using multivariable logistic regression, calculating adjusted OR (aOR) and 95% CI of the associations between participation in recent (≤12 months) exclusively dyadic or multipartner chemsex versus no chemsex and recent self-reported diagnoses of syphilis, gonorrhoea and chlamydia.ResultsAmong MSM with an HIV diagnosis, 25% of users indicated recent multipartner chemsex, vs 28% of PrEP users and 5% of other MSM. Adjusting for age, ethnicity, UK birth, cis-trans status, sexual identity, education, settlement size and relationship status, participation in recent multipartner chemsex versus no chemsex was associated with greater odds of recent syphilis, gonorrhoea and chlamydia diagnosis. aORs for recent syphilis, gonorrhoea and chlamydia diagnoses were 2.6 (95% CI 1.7 to 4.1), 3.9 (95% CI 2.6 to 5.8) and 2.9 (95% CI 1.9 to 4.3), respectively, in HIV-diagnosed MSM; 1.9 (95% CI 1.1 to 3.3), 2.9 (95% CI 2.0 to 4.2) and 1.9 (95% CI 1.3 to 2.8), respectively, in PrEP users; and 4.0 (95% CI 2.3 to 6.9), 2.7 (95% CI 1.9 to 3.8) and 2.3 (95% CI 1.6 to 3.4), respectively, in other MSM. Conversely, exclusively dyadic chemsex had no significant associations with bacterial STI diagnoses among HIV-diagnosed MSM, only gonorrhoea (aOR 2.4, 95% CI 1.2 to 4.7) among PrEP users and syphilis (aOR 2.8, 95% CI 1.4 to 5.6) among other MSM.DiscussionMultipartner chemsex may drive the association between chemsex and bacterial STI diagnoses and thus should be the focus of future tailored chemsex interventions. Additionally, PrEP acceptability among MSM and particularly chemsex participants has generated an emergent group suitable for such interventions.
Multiple tobacco product use among cigarette smokers: a longitudinal examination of menthol and non-menthol smokers during young adulthood
Authors: Mantey Dale , Harrell Melissa , Chen Baojiang , Kelder Steven H , Perry Cheryl , Loukas Alexandra 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundMultiple tobacco product (MTP) use is common among young adults. Most MTP users are combustible cigarette smokers that use one or more other tobacco products. This study aims to explore menthol as a risk factor for MTP use among a cohort of young adult cigarette smokers.MethodsParticipants were 18–29 years cigarette smokers at 24 Texas colleges in a 6-wave study. Participants (n=4700 observations) were classified as: single product users (ie, exclusive cigarette smoking); dual product users and poly product users. A multilevel, ordered logistic regression model was used to examine the association between menthol cigarette smoking and MTP use. Two longitudinal, multilevel, multinomial logistic regressions were used to examine the relationship between menthol cigarette smoking and number of tobacco products used.ResultsOverall, 40.7% of the sample were single product users, 33.7% were dual product users and 25.6% were poly product users. Menthol was associated with 1.28 greater odds of MTP use. Further, menthol was associated with 1.19 greater risk of dual and 1.40 greater risk of poly product use, relative to single product use. Lastly, menthol cigarette smoking was associated with 1.18 greater risk of poly product use, relative to dual product use.ConclusionsThere was a gradient relationship between menthol cigarette smoking and number of tobacco products used among young adult cigarette smokers. Findings provide for greater regulatory and programmatic efforts to reduce the use of menthol cigarettes.
Finding new physics without learning about it: anomaly detection as a tool for searches at colliders
Authors: Crispim Romão M. , Castro N. F. , Pedro R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper we propose a new strategy, based on anomaly detection methods, to search for new physics phenomena at colliders independently of the details of such new events. For this purpose, machine learning techniques are trained using Standard Model events, with the corresponding outputs being sensitive to physics beyond it. We explore three novel AD methods in HEP: Isolation Forest, Histogram-Based Outlier Detection, and Deep Support Vector Data Description; alongside the most customary Autoencoder. In order to evaluate the sensitivity of the proposed approach, predictions from specific new physics models are considered and compared to those achieved when using fully supervised deep neural networks. A comparison between shallow and deep anomaly detection techniques is also presented. Our results demonstrate the potential of semi-supervised anomaly detection techniques to extensively explore the present and future hadron colliders’ data.
Van der Meer scan luminosity measurement and beam–beam correction
Authors: Balagura Vladislav 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe main method for calibrating the luminosity at Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is van der Meer scan where the beams are swept transversely across each other. This beautiful method was invented in 1968. Despite the honourable age, it remains the preferable tool at hadron colliders. It delivers the lowest calibration systematics, which still often dominates the overall luminosity uncertainty at LHC experiments. Various details of the method are discussed in the paper. One of the main factors limiting proton–proton van der Meer scan accuracy is the beam–beam electromagnetic interaction. It modifies the shapes of the colliding bunches and biases the measured luminosity. In the first years of operation, four main LHC experiments did not attempt to correct the bias because of its complexity. In 2012 a correction method was proposed and then subsequently used by all experiments. It was based, however, on a simplified linear approximation of the beam–beam force and, therefore, had limited accuracy. In this paper, a new simulation is presented, which takes into account the exact non-linear force. Depending on the beam parameters, the results of the new and old methods differ by $$\sim 1\%$$

∼
1
%

. This needs to be propagated to all LHC cross-section measurements after 2012. The new simulation is going to be used at LHC in future luminosity calibrations.
Fast decay of 23S1 positronium atoms in an MgO lined cavity
Authors: Gurung Lokesh , Babij Tamara J. , Cassidy David B. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe report experiments in which radiatively metastable $2\,^{3}\mathrm {S}_{1}$
2

3

S

1

positronium (Ps) atoms entered a waveguide whose internal surfaces were lined with smoked magnesium oxide (MgO) powder. The waveguide was built such that time-delayed microwave radiation pulses, tuned to drive $2\,^{3}\mathrm {S}_{1}\rightarrow 2\,^{3}\mathrm {P}_{2}$
2

3

S

1

→
2

3

P

2

transitions, could be applied to the Ps ensemble. The lifetime of $2\,^{3}\mathrm {S}_{1}$
2

3

S

1

atoms was measured using time-delayed microwave induced decay, yielding ≈200 ns. This is considerably shorter than the Zeeman shifted lifetime of 1070 ns, indicating that Ps atoms in the $2\,^{3}\mathrm {S}_{1}$
2

3

S

1

state do not survive multiple collisions with MgO nanocrystals.
Risk Factors of Ureteral Stenosis in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Retrospective Study in National Referral Hospital in Indonesia
Authors: Irdam Gampo A. , Sutojo Bobby , Raharja Putu A. R. 
Published: January 2021

Ureteral stenosis is one of the most common urological complications following kidney transplantations. It is occurred in 2–10% of patients and poses a significant problem to the patients as it may lead to permanent damage to renal damage. Identification of risk factors is important to prevent the incidence of ureteral stenosis. Thus, we aim to determine the risk factors of ureteral stenosis in the Indonesian population. This is a retrospective analysis of 487 kidney transplant patients performed in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital between 2014 and 2018. We collected and compared donor and recipient demography data in recipients who developed ureteral stenosis and recipients who did not develop ureteral stenosis. Ureteral stenosis was defined as the presence of hydronephrosis from ultrasound and increased number of serum creatinine. The overall incidence of ureteral stenosis post-kidney transplantation in our center is 6.6% (32 from 487 patients) from January 2014 until June 2018. We found that older donor and recipient age more frequent in developing ureteral stenosis post-kidney transplantation (

p

< 0.001). We also found that donors with number of arteries more than 2 (

p

< 0.001) and prolonged warm ischemic time (

p

< 0.05) are more frequently to develop ureteral stenosis post-kidney transplantation. There is no association between type II diabetes mellitus and hypertension with ureteral stenosis in this study. Donor age, recipient age, donor number of arteries more than 2, and prolonged warm ischemia time are associated with ureteral stenosis after kidney transplantation.
Decline in Frequency of Newborn Male Circumcision After Change in Medicaid Coverage Status in Selected States in the United States
Authors: Torosian Taron , Quint Joshua J. , Klausner Jeffrey D. 
Published: January 2021

Objectives Male circumcision is linked to a reduction in the risk of HIV infection, sexually transmitted infections, penile inflammatory skin disorders, cancers, urinary tract infections, and other complications. We examined the extent to which the change in circumcision recommendation by the American Academy of Pediatrics in 1999 and Medicaid coverage status in states affected the total number of procedures performed. Methods We used data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample for 1998-2011 collected annually by the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. We examined data on all male births in the United States with Medicaid and private health insurance. We then categorized births into 4 groups: (1) births with newborn male circumcision procedure, (2) births with Medicaid or private health insurance, (3) births that occurred in states where Medicaid coverage for newborn male circumcision was removed, and (4) births that occurred before or after the policy change. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate the adjusted odds of newborn male circumcision. Results In the 10 states where a change in Medicaid policy occurred, circumcision frequency had a mean percentage-point decrease of 21.4% among Medicaid beneficiaries and 3.2% among private health insurance beneficiaries from before to after the policy change. In states where coverage was maintained, the change in circumcision frequency was negligible for Medicaid and private health insurance beneficiaries. These changes resulted in an estimated 163 456 potential circumcisions not performed. Conclusion Decreases in newborn male circumcision frequency correlated with the Medicaid policy change for the procedure. Efforts should be made to reduce barriers for cost-effective preventive procedures that promote health, such as newborn male circumcision.
Dynamic simulation of the relationship between pressure and displacement for the waist of elastic pantyhose in the walking process using the finite element method
Authors: Dan Rui , Shi Zhen 
Published: January 2021

The inward displacement perpendicular to body surface produced by external pressure is an important index to evaluate pressure comfort and optimal design of tight clothing products. Because of the limited pressure exerted on the human body after wearing compression clothing, the corresponding displacement is generally small, and it is difficult to obtain an accurate displacement value of the human body using general methods. In this paper, we focused on the functional relationship between pressure and displacement when the human body was in the walking state after dressing in elastic pantyhose, and then the displacement data could be easily obtained using this method. Through computerized tomography scanning, establishing of the waist cross-section, finite element simulation, and curve fitting, we finally obtained the functional relationship between the pressure/displacement ratio and angle when the body is dressed in four sample elastic pantyhose during the walking process in this study. In the formula, pressure data can be easily obtained through the pressure experiment, and the corresponding displacement value at any point of the human body can be calculated using the quadratic fitting curve equation. Results indicated that no matter what state the human body was in (static or dynamic) after wearing elastic pantyhose, the relationship between pressure and displacement at the corresponding point remains basically unchanged. That is to say, the relationship between pressure and displacement was basically not affected by the state of the human body when dressed in a tight garment. The conclusions provide an important reference for evaluating pressure comfort and optimizing clothing structure. This method is also applicable to other types of compression clothing.
Differences in Need for Opioids After Sinonasal Surgery at Day of Surgery and in the Postoperative Period
Authors: Steigerwald Lukas , Schinz Katharina , Sievert Matti , Mantsopoulos Konstantinos , Gostian Antoniu-Oreste , Iro Heinrich , Mueller Sarina K. 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: In the last years, the use of opioid analgesics has increased, as well as their morbidity and mortality, especially in the United States. Most patients after sinonasal surgery receive opioid analgesics, although up to 90% have leftover opioid pills. Around 70% of these patients keep the opioid analgesics, which could possibly lead to improper use. The objective of the following study was the investigation of the need for, use of, timing and side effects of opioid and non-opioid analgesics after sinonasal surgery. Methods: This was a retrospective study of (n = 280) patients who underwent sinonasal surgery in the Otolaryngology Department of the University Erlangen-Nürnberg between January and December 2018. The postoperative pain (3-5 days after surgery) using the numeric rating scale and the postoperative need for on-demand opioids and non-opioid analgesics in relation to demographic and surgical parameters were evaluated. Results: Of total, 59.64% of all patients received opioid analgesics postoperatively on the day of surgery. On the first postoperative day (POD1), the mean pain score yielded the highest values; however, only 0.71% of the patients needed opioid analgesics, and pain was sufficiently controlled with non-opioids or no pain medication at all. There was a significant reduction of the pain score from POD2 to 5 ( P = .01; P < .01, respectively). Only 1.8% of the patients needed an opioid analgesic from POD1-5. Of total, 2.1% of the patients presented with a postoperative bleeding complication, and only 1 (0.4%) patient needed endoscopic coagulation. Conclusion: Our results indicate that the majority of patients need opioid analgesics almost exclusively on the day of surgery. There were no major complications in patients taking either opioid or non-opioids. Our results indicate that the postoperative pain regimen from POD1 should initially be started using non-opioid analgesics and be further escalated to opioid analgesics in individual cases.
Trends in Emergency Department Computed Tomography Usage for Diagnosis of Peritonsillar Abscess
Authors: Nesemeier Ryan , Jones Shawn , Jacob Kevin , Cash Elizabeth , Goldman Julie 
Published: January 2021

Objectives:Peritonsillar abscess (PTA) is the most common deep neck space infection and a frequent cause for otolaryngology consultation. Patients often undergo computed tomography (CT) scan for confirmation in addition to physical examination. Our aims were to determine whether patients unnecessarily undergo CT scans in the emergency department (ED) when presenting with sore throat and identify physical examination characteristics that predict PTA.Methods:The electronic medical records of all patients (>18 years) presenting to an ED between June 2014 and June 2015 with a primary diagnosis of acute pharyngitis, acute tonsillitis, or PTA were reviewed for presenting symptoms and diagnostic imaging use.Results:Four hundred eight patients met inclusion criteria; 21 were diagnosed with PTA, including 13 based on history and physical alone. A total of 21 CT scans were ordered, 11 (52.3%) of which did not demonstrate abscess. Soft palatal fullness, uvular deviation, drooling, and muffled voice were all significantly associated with increased CT usage (all P values <.02). Rising subjective pain scores were associated with increased use of CT imaging ( P = .029). Multivariable analyses revealed that soft palatal fullness, uvular deviation, and drooling were all significant predictors of PTA (all P values <.001).Conclusions:Patients with severe symptoms of PTA, including uvular deviation, drooling, and soft palatal fullness, were most likely to undergo CT imaging. Given the high likelihood of PTA, patients presenting with these symptoms could forego CT imaging, reducing exposure to ionizing radiation.
American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery/Foundation Reg‐ent Registry: Purpose, Properties, and Priorities
Authors: Schmalbach Cecelia E. , Brereton Jean , Bowman Cathlin , Denneny James C. 
Published: January 2021

Objective(1) To describe the patient and membership cohort captured by the otolaryngology‐based specialty‐specific Reg‐ent registry. (2) To outline the capabilities of the Reg‐ent registry, including the process by which members can access evidence‐based data to address knowledge gaps identified by the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery/Foundation and ultimately define “quality” for our field of otolaryngology–head and neck surgery.MethodsData analytics was performed on Reg‐ent (2015‐2020)ResultsA total of 1629 participants from 239 practices were enrolled in Reg‐ent, and 42 health care specialties were represented. Reg‐ent encompassed 6,496,477 unique patients and 24,296,713 encounters/visits: the 45‐ to 64‐year age group had the highest representation (n = 1,597,618, 28.1%); 3,867,835 (60.3%) patients identified as Caucasian; and “private” was the most common insurance (33%), followed by Blue Cross/Blue Shield (22%). Allergic rhinitis–unspecified and sensorineural hearing loss–bilateral were the top 2 diagnoses (9% each). Overall, 302 research gaps were identified from 17 clinical practice guidelines.DiscussionReg‐ent benefits are vast—from monitoring one’s practice to defining otolaryngology–head and neck surgery quality, participating in advocacy, and conducting research. Reg‐ent provides mechanisms for benchmarking, quality assessment, and performance measure development, with the objective of defining and guiding best practice in otolaryngology–head and neck surgery. To be successful, patient diversity must be achieved to include ethnicity and socioeconomic status. Increasing academic medical center membership will assist in achieving diversity so that the quality domain of equitable care is achieved.Implications for PracticeReg‐ent provides the first ever registry that is specific to otolaryngology–head and neck surgery and compliant with HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) to collect patient outcomes and define evidence‐based quality care.
Prognostic role of procalcitonin in ST-elevation myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock
Authors: Sharma Yash Paul , Kasinadhuni Ganesh , Santosh Krishna , Parashar Nitin Kumar , Sharma Rakesh , Bootla Dinakar , Kanabar Kewal , Krishnappa Darshan 
Published: January 2021

Objective Cardiogenic shock accounts for the majority of deaths amongst patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Procalcitonin is elevated in acute myocardial infarction, especially when complicated by left heart failure, cardiogenic shock, resuscitated cardiac arrest, and bacterial infections. However, the prognostic utility of procalcitonin in ST-elevation myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock has not been systematically evaluated. Methods We performed a retrospective registry review of 125 patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock over 2 years at a tertiary referral hospital to examine the prognostic value of serum procalcitonin measurement at 24 hours after the onset of infarction for in-hospital mortality. Results The mean age of the study population was 57.75 ± 11.1 years, and the median delay from onset to hospital admission was 15 hours. The in-hospital mortality was 28.8%. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed a strong relationship between elevated procalcitonin and in-hospital mortality (area under the curve = 0.676; p = 0.002). Although procalcitonin was found to be higher in non-survivors in univariate analysis, it was not an independent predictor of mortality in multivariate regression analysis. Acute kidney injury, left ventricular ejection fraction, and non-revascularization were independently associated with mortality after adjusting for covariates. Conclusion Although procalcitonin was higher in non-survivors, static procalcitonin measurement at 24 hours after the onset of ST-elevation myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock was not an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality. Additional prospective studies are required to assess the role of serial procalcitonin monitoring in ST-elevation myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock.
Skipping breakfast and mood: The role of sleep
Authors: Chang Zon-Shuan , Boolani Ali , Conroy Deirdre A. , Dunietz Tom , Jansen Erica C. 
Published: January 2021

Background: Breakfast skipping has been related to poor mood, but the role of sleep in this relationship remains unclear. Aim: To evaluate whether breakfast skipping associated with mood independently of sleep, and whether sleep interacted with breakfast skipping. Methods: During an in-person research visit, a sample of 329 adults completed questionnaires regarding last night’s sleep, current morning breakfast intake, and mid-morning mood states. Sex-stratified linear regression models examined associations between breakfast skipping and mood and interactions with sleep. Results: Among males, those who did not consume breakfast had less vigor independent of sleep (β=−2.72 with 95% CI −4.91, −0.53). Among females, those who did not consume breakfast had higher feelings of anxiety (β=1.21 with 95% CI −0.04, 2.47). Interaction analyses revealed that males with longer time to fall asleep and longer night-time awake time had higher depression scores in the presence of breakfast skipping, and females with more night-time awake time and shorter duration had higher fatigue and less vigor if they were also breakfast skippers. Conclusion: Breakfast skipping and poor sleep may jointly affect mood.