bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rank-2 attractors and Deligne’s conjecture
Authors: Yang Wenzhe 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we will study the arithmetic geometry of rank-2 attractors, which are Calabi-Yau threefolds whose Hodge structures admit interesting splits. We will develop methods to analyze the algebraic de Rham cohomologies of rank-2 attractors, and we will illustrate how our methods work by focusing on an example in a recent paper by Candelas, de la Ossa, Elmi and van Straten. We will look at the interesting connections between rank-2 attractors in string theory and Deligne’s conjecture on the special values of L-functions. We will also formulate several open questions concerning the potential connections between attractors in string theory and number theory.
The emergence of electroweak Skyrmions through Higgs bosons
Authors: Criado Juan Carlos , Khoze Valentin V. , Spannowsky Michael 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Skyrmions are extended field configurations, initially proposed to describe baryons as topological solitons in an effective field theory of mesons. We investigate and confirm the existence of skyrmions within the electroweak sector of the Standard Model and study their properties. We find that the interplay of the electroweak sector with a dynamical Higgs field and the Skyrme term leads to a non-trivial vacuum structure with the skyrmion and perturbative vacuum sectors separated by a finite energy barrier. We identify dimension-8 operators that stabilise the electroweak skyrmion as a spatially localised soliton field configuration with finite size. Such operators are induced generically by a wide class of UV models. To calculate the skyrmion energy and radius we use a neural network method. Electroweak skyrmions are non-topological solitons but are exponentially long lived, and we find that the electroweak skyrmion is a viable dark matter candidate. While the skyrmion production cross section at collider experiments is suppressed, measuring the size of the Skyrme term in multi-Higgs-production processes at high-energy colliders is a promising avenue to probe the existence of electroweak skyrmions.
A Study of Extensions of Classical Summation Theorems for the Series $$_{3}F_{2}$$ and $$_{4}F_{3}$$ with Applications
Authors: Awad Mohamed M. , Koepf Wolfram , Mohammed Asmaa O. , Rakha Medhat A. , Rathie Arjun K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractVery recently, Masjed-Jamei & Koepf [Some summation theorems for generalized hypergeometric functions, Axioms, 2018, 7, 38, 10.3390/axioms 7020038] established some summation theorems for the generalized hypergeometric functions. The aim of this paper is to establish extensions of some of their summation theorems in the most general form. As an application, several Eulerian-type and Laplace-type integrals have also been given. Results earlier obtained by Jun et al. and Koepf et al. follow special cases of our main findings.
Banach–Mazur Distance from the Parallelogram to the Affine-Regular Hexagon and Other Affine-Regular Even-Gons
Authors: Lassak Marek 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe show that the Banach–Mazur distance between the parallelogram and the affine-regular hexagon is $$\frac{3}{2}$$

3
2

and we conclude that the diameter of the family of centrally-symmetric planar convex bodies is just $$\frac{3}{2}$$

3
2

. A proof of this fact does not seem to be published earlier. Asplund announced this without a proof in his paper proving that the Banach–Mazur distance of any planar centrally-symmetric bodies is at most $$\frac{3}{2}$$

3
2

. Analogously, we deal with the Banach–Mazur distances between the parallelogram and the remaining affine-regular even-gons.
Sign Retrieval in Shift-Invariant Spaces with Totally Positive Generator
Authors: Romero José Luis 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe show that a real-valued function f in the shift-invariant space generated by a totally positive function of Gaussian type is uniquely determined, up to a sign, by its absolute values $$\{|f(\lambda )|: \lambda \in \Lambda \}$$

{
|
f
(
λ
)
|
:
λ
∈
Λ
}

on any set $$\Lambda \subseteq {\mathbb {R}}$$

Λ
⊆
R

with lower Beurling density $$D^{-}(\Lambda )>2$$

D
-

(
Λ
)

>
2

.We consider a totally positive function of Gaussian type, i.e., a function $$g \in L^2({\mathbb {R}})$$

g
∈

L
2

(
R
)

whose Fourier transform factors as $$\begin{aligned} \hat{g}(\xi )= \int _{{\mathbb {R}}} g(x) e^{-2\pi i x \xi } dx = C_0 e^{- \gamma \xi ^2}\prod _{\nu =1}^m (1+2\pi i\delta _\nu \xi )^{-1}, \quad \xi \in {\mathbb {R}}, \end{aligned}$$

g
^

(
ξ
)

=

∫
R

g

(
x
)

e

-
2
π
i
x
ξ

d
x
=

C
0

e

-
γ

ξ
2

∏

ν
=
1

m

(
1
+
2
π
i

δ
ν

ξ
)

-
1

,

ξ
∈
R
,

with $$\delta _1,\ldots ,\delta _m\in {\mathbb {R}}, C_0, \gamma >0, m \in {\mathbb {N}} \cup \{0\}$$

δ
1

,
…
,

δ
m

∈
R
,

C
0

,
γ
>
0
,
m
∈
N
∪

{
0
}

, and the shift-invariant space$$\begin{aligned} V^\infty (g) = \Big \{ f=\sum _{k \in {\mathbb {Z}}} c_k\, g(\cdot -k): c \in \ell ^\infty ({\mathbb {Z}}) \Big \}, \end{aligned}$$

V
∞

(
g
)

=

{

f
=

∑

k
∈
Z

c
k

g

(
·
-
k
)

:
c
∈

ℓ
∞

(
Z
)

}

,

generated by its integer shifts within $$L^\infty ({\mathbb {R}})$$

L
∞

(
R
)

. As a consequence of (1), each $$f \in V^\infty (g)$$

f
∈

V
∞

(
g
)

is continuous, the defining series converges unconditionally in the weak$$^*$$

∗

topology of $$L^\infty $$

L
∞

, and the coefficients $$c_k$$

c
k

are unique [6, Theorem 3.5].
Single‐Centre Experience of Supra‐Renal Vena Cava Resection and Reconstruction
Authors: Vladov Nikola , Kostadinov Radoslav , Mihaylov Vassil , Takorov Ivelin , Lukanova Tsonka , Yakova Maria , Trichkov Tsvetan , Odisseeva Evelina , Mutafchiyski Ventsislav 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundTumours involving the supra‐renal segment of IVC have dismal prognosis if left untreated. Currently, aggressive surgical management is the only potentially curative treatment but is associated with relatively high morbidity and mortality. This study aims to evaluate perioperative factors, associated with adverse postoperative outcomes, based on the perioperative characteristics and type of IVC reconstruction.MethodsWe identified 44 consecutive patients, who underwent supra‐renal IVC resection with a mean age of 57.3 years. Isolated resection of IVC was performed in four patients, concomitant liver resection was performed in 27 patients and other associated resection in 13 patients. Total vascular exclusion was applied in 21 patients, isolated IVC occlusion in 11 patients. Neither venovenous bypass (VVB) nor hypothermic perfusion was used in any of the cases.ResultsThe mean operative time was 205 min (150–324 min) and the mean estimated blood loss was 755 ml (230–4500 ml). Overall morbidity was 59% and major complications (Dindo‐Clavien ≥ III) occurred in 11 patients (25%). The 90‐day mortality was 11% (5pts). Intraoperative haemotransfusion was significantly associated with postoperative general complications (p < 0,001). With a mean follow‐up of 26.2 months, the actuarial 1‐, 3‐ and 5‐year survival is 69%, 34%, and 16%, respectively.ConclusionsIVC resection and reconstruction in the aspect of aggressive surgical management of malignant disease confers a survival advantage in patients, often considered unresectable. When performed in experienced centres it is associated with acceptable morbidity and mortality.
The diagnostic performance of chest computed tomography in the detection of rib fractures in children investigated for suspected physical abuse: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alzahrani Nasser M , Jeanes Annmarie , Paddock Michael , Shuweihdi Farag , Offiah Amaka C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objectives
To assess the diagnostic performance of chest CT in the detection of rib fractures in children investigated for suspected physical abuse (SPA).

Methods
Medline, Web of Science and Cochrane databases were searched from January 1980 to April 2020. The QUADAS-2 tool was used to assess the quality of the eligible English-only studies following which a formal narrative synthesis was constructed. Studies reporting true-positive, false-positive, true-negative, and false-negative results were included in the meta-analysis. Overall sensitivity and specificity of chest CT for rib fracture detection were calculated, irrespective of fracture location, and were pooled using a univariate random-effects meta-analysis. The diagnostic accuracy of specific locations along the rib arc (anterior, lateral or posterior) was assessed separately.

Results
Of 242 identified studies, 4 met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 2 were included in the meta-analysis. Chest CT identified 142 rib fractures compared to 79 detected by initial skeletal survey chest radiographs in live children with SPA. Post-mortem CT (PMCT) has low sensitivity (34%) but high specificity (99%) in the detection of rib fractures when compared to the autopsy reference standard. PMCT has low sensitivity (45%, 21% and 42%) but high specificity (99%, 97% and 99%) at anterior, lateral and posterior rib locations, respectively.

Conclusions
Chest CT detects more rib fractures than initial skeletal survey chest radiographs in live children with SPA. PMCT has low sensitivity but high specificity for detecting rib fractures in children investigated for SPA.

Key Points
• PMCT has low sensitivity (34%) but high specificity (99%) in the detection of rib fractures; extrapolation to CT in live children is difficult.
• No studies have compared chest CT with the current accepted practice of initial and follow-up skeletal survey chest radiographs in the detection of rib fractures in live children investigated for SPA.
Ischemic stroke, hemorrhage, and mortality in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and renal dysfunction treated with rivaroxaban: sub-analysis of the EXPAND study
Authors: Atarashi Hirotsugu , Uchiyama Shinichiro , Inoue Hiroshi , Kitazono Takanari , Yamashita Takeshi , Shimizu Wataru , Ikeda Takanori , Kamouchi Masahiro , Kaikita Koichi , Fukuda Koji , Origasa Hideki , Shimokawa Hiroaki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe EXPAND Study demonstrated the effectiveness and safety of rivaroxaban in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) in routine clinical practice in Japan. This sub-analysis was conducted to reveal the effectiveness and safety of rivaroxaban in Japanese NVAF patients according to baseline creatinine clearance (CrCl) levels and rivaroxaban doses in the EXPAND Study. We examined 6806 patients whose baseline CrCl data were available and classified them into 2 groups: normal renal function group with CrCl ≥ 50 mL/min (n = 5326, 78%) and renal dysfunction group with CrCl < 50 mL/min (n = 1480, 22%). In the normal renal function group, 1609 (30%) received 10 mg/day (under-dose), while in the renal dysfunction group, 108 (7%) received 15 mg/day (over-dose). In the normal renal function group, under-dose of rivaroxaban was associated with higher all-cause mortality, while in the renal dysfunction group, over-dose was associated with higher incidence of major bleeding. In contrast, the incidence of stroke or systemic embolism was not different between the 2 groups regardless of the dose of rivaroxaban. In the propensity score matched analysis to adjust the difference in characteristics according to doses of rivaroxaban, the incidences of clinical outcomes were comparable between the 2 dose groups in both renal function groups. These results indicate that the dose of rivaroxaban should be reduced depending on the renal function, considering the balance between risks of bleeding and ischemia.
Fachärztliche Unterversorgung bei Heimbewohnern – Prävalenzstudie und Hochrechnung
Authors: Schulz Maike , Czwikla Jonas , Schmidt Annika , Tsiasioti Chrysanthi , Schwinger Antje , Gerhardus Ansgar , Schmiemann Guido , Wolf‑Ostermann Karin , Rothgang Heinz 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Bisherige Studien deuten darauf hin, dass Pflegebedürftige eine geringere fachärztliche Versorgung aufweisen als Nichtpflegebedürftige. Insbesondere im stationären Setting ist die fachärztliche Versorgungsintensität gering. Aus den bestehenden quantitativen Versorgungsunterschieden lässt sich bislang jedoch nicht ableiten, inwieweit von einer Unterversorgung bei Pflegebedürftigen ausgegangen werden muss. Für die Versorgungsbereiche Sehfähigkeit, Hörfähigkeit, Mundgesundheit und Parkinson-Syndrom wird geprüft, inwieweit Heimbewohner fachärztlich unterversorgt sind.

Material und Methoden
In 44 Pflegeheimen in Bremen und Niedersachsen wurde der Gesundheitszustand von 409 Pflegebedürftigen mittels standardisierter Assessments und Befragungen erhoben; zusätzlich wurden Diagnosen und die medizinische Versorgung aus der Pflegedokumentation ausgewertet. Ärzteteams beurteilten auf dieser Grundlage für jeden Pflegebedürftigen, inwieweit eine bedarfsgerechte fachärztliche Versorgung vorlag oder nicht.

Ergebnisse
Gemäß ärztlichem Urteil zeigt sich bei 45 % (Sehfähigkeit), 19 % (Parkinson-Syndrom), 16 % (Mundgesundheit) und 15 % (Hörfähigkeit) der Bewohner mit entsprechendem Versorgungsbedarf eine fachärztliche Unterversorgung. Bei 27 % aller Bewohner zeigt sich in mindestens einem der 4 Versorgungsbereiche eine fachärztliche Unterversorgung. Hochgerechnet entspricht dies bis zu 205.000 fachärztlich unterversorgten Pflegeheimbewohnern in Deutschland.

Diskussion
Die Studie liefert für ausgewählte Versorgungsbereiche die ersten empirischen Belege über das Ausmaß fachärztlicher Unterversorgung von Pflegeheimbewohnern. Daher erscheint es notwendig, entsprechende Interventionen zur Reduktion der Unterversorgung zu entwickeln und zu erproben.
Cryo-EM structures of tau filaments from Alzheimer’s disease with PET ligand APN-1607
Authors: Shi Yang , Murzin Alexey G. , Falcon Benjamin , Epstein Alexander , Machin Jonathan , Tempest Paul , Newell Kathy L. , Vidal Ruben , Garringer Holly J. , Sahara Naruhiko , Higuchi Makoto , Ghetti Bernardino , Jang Ming-Kuei , Scheres Sjors H. W. , Goedert Michel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTau and Aβ assemblies of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) can be visualized in living subjects using positron emission tomography (PET). Tau assemblies comprise paired helical and straight filaments (PHFs and SFs). APN-1607 (PM-PBB3) is a recently described PET ligand for AD and other tau proteinopathies. Since it is not known where in the tau folds PET ligands bind, we used electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) to determine the binding sites of APN-1607 in the Alzheimer fold. We identified two major sites in the β-helix of PHFs and SFs and a third major site in the C-shaped cavity of SFs. In addition, we report that tau filaments from posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) and primary age-related tauopathy (PART) are identical to those from AD. In support, fluorescence labelling showed binding of APN-1607 to intraneuronal inclusions in AD, PART and PCA. Knowledge of the binding modes of APN-1607 to tau filaments may lead to the development of new ligands with increased specificity and binding activity. We show that cryo-EM can be used to identify the binding sites of small molecules in amyloid filaments.
Accuracy of digital templating of uncemented total hip arthroplasty at a certified arthroplasty center: a retrospective comparative study
Authors: Dammerer D. , Keiler A. , Herrnegger S. , Putzer D. , Strasser S. , Liebensteiner M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction
To investigate the accuracy of preoperative digital templating for total hip arthroplasty (THA) at a certified arthroplasty center (EndoCert EPZmax).

Materials and methods
In a retrospective study design, we analysed 620 uncemented primary THAs for templating accuracy by comparing the preoperatively planned THA component size and the implanted size as documented by the surgeon. Templating was determined to be a) exact if the planned and the implanted component were the same size and b) accurate if they were exact ± one size. Moreover, we investigated factors that potentially influence templating accuracy: overweight and obesity (WHO criteria), sex, implant design, surgeon experience, preoperative diagnosis. Digital templating was done with MediCAD software. The Mann–Whitney U test and the Kruskal–Wallis test were used for statistical analysis.

Results
Templating was exact in 52% of stems and 51% of cups and was accurate in 90% of the stems and 85% of the cups. Regarding the factors potentially influencing templating accuracy, the type of cup implant had a significant influence (p = 0.016). Moreover, greater accuracy of stem templating was achieved in female patients (p = 0.004). No such effect was determined for the other factors investigated.

Conclusions
We conclude that preoperative 2D templating is accurate in 90% of the stems and 85% of the cups. Greater accuracy may be achieved in female patients. In addition to gender, the type of implant used may influence planning accuracy as well. Surgeon experience, BMI and preoperative diagnosis did not influence templating accuracy.

Level of evidence
Level III (retrospective comparative study with prospective cohort).
Deep neural network correlation learning mechanism for CT brain tumor detection
Authors: Woźniak Marcin , Siłka Jakub , Wieczorek Michał 
Published: March 2021

AbstractModern medical clinics support medical examinations with computer systems which use Computational Intelligence on the way to detect potential health problems in more efficient way. One of the most important applications is evaluation of CT brain scans, where the most precise results come from deep learning approaches. In this article, we propose a novel correlation learning mechanism (CLM) for deep neural network architectures that combines convolutional neural network (CNN) with classic architecture. The support neural network helps CNN to find the most adequate filers for pooling and convolution layers. As a result, the main neural classifier learns faster and reaches higher efficiency. Results show that our CLM model is able to reach about 96% accuracy, and about 95% precision and recall. We have described our proposed mechanism and discussed numerical results to draw conclusions and show future works.
Patients referred to a German TMD-specialized consultation hour—a retrospective on patients without a diagnosis according to RDC/TMD decision trees
Authors: Rauch Angelika , Hahnel Sebastian , Kloss-Brandstätter Anita , Schierz Oliver 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objectives
The objective was to describe the physical and psychosocial features of patients attending a specialized consultation hour for temporomandibular disorders (TMD). This investigation focused on those patients who did not receive a diagnosis according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD).

Materials and methods
From 2004 to 2017, patients seeking care during a TMD-specialized consultation hour were consecutively recruited. Each patient completed a TMD-related questionnaire, psychosocial questionnaires (Graded Chronic Pain Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Beschwerden-Liste), and the Oral Health Impact Profile-49. The clinical examination was performed according to the RDC/TMD.

Results
The mean age of the 1020 patients was 43.3 years (75.3% female). According to the RDC/TMD decision trees, 351 patients were categorized without a TMD diagnosis (NoTMDdx). The most frequent reasons for seeking care were orofacial pain/TMJ pain or headaches revealing an OR of 1.89 (for TMDdx group). A relevant proportion of patients was categorized as positive for anxiety (NoTMDdx/TMDdx 30.8/41.2%; p = 0.072), depression (20.8/23.9%; p = 0.433), non-specific physical symptoms (31.4/44.1%; p < 0.001), or dysfunctional chronic pain (11.5/18.2%; p < 0.001). In both patient groups, the oral health-related quality of life was impaired (42.9/52.7 points; p < 0.001), and the frequency of therapy measures prior to the consultation hour was high.

Conclusions
Patients seeking care from TMD specialists were usually referred with TMD-associated symptoms. Of those, a relevant proportion did not receive a diagnosis according to RDC/TMD decision trees.

Clinical relevance
Psychosocial screening and the avoidance of overtreatment are recommended for patients with TMD-related symptoms.
Watching others in a positive state does not induce optimism bias in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), but leads to behaviour indicative of competition
Authors: Adriaense J. E. C. , Šlipogor V. , Hintze S. , Marshall L. , Lamm C. , Bugnyar T. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEmotional contagion is suggested to facilitate group life by enhancing synchronized responses to the environment. Cooperative breeders are an example of a social system that requires such intricate coordination between individuals. Therefore, we studied emotional contagion in common marmosets by means of a judgement bias test. Demonstrators were exposed to an emotion manipulation (i.e., positive, negative, control), and observers perceived only the demonstrator’s behaviour. We predicted that the positive or negative states of the demonstrator would induce matching states in the observer, indicating emotional contagion. All subjects’ emotional states were assessed through behaviour and cognition, the latter by means of a judgement bias test. Behavioural results showed a successful emotion manipulation of demonstrators, with manipulation-congruent expressions (i.e., positive calls in the positive condition, and negative calls and pilo-erect tail in the negative condition). Observers showed no manipulation-congruent expressions, but showed more scratching and arousal after the positive manipulation. Concerning the judgement bias test, we predicted that subjects in a positive state should increase their response to ambiguous cues (i.e., optimism bias), and subjects in a negative state should decrease their response (i.e., pessimism bias). This prediction was not supported as neither demonstrators nor observers showed such bias in either manipulation. Yet, demonstrators showed an increased response to the near-positive cue, and additional analyses showed unexpected responses to the reference cues, as well as a researcher identity effect. We discuss all results combined, including recently raised validation concerns of the judgement bias test, and inherent challenges to empirically studying emotional contagion.
A mapping review of sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus disease
Authors: Kumar M. , Clay W. H. , Lee M. J. , Brown S. R. , Hind D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Pilonidal sinus is a hole in the natal cleft which may cause severe pain and become infected. The evidence base for management of pilonidal sinus is said to be poor quality, poorly focused and rapidly proliferating. We undertook a systematic mapping review to provide a broad overview of the field and support the identification of research priorities.

Methods
We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, and EMBASE from inception to 22nd Nov 2020 for primary research studies focused on the management of pilonidal sinus. We extracted data on study design and categorised studies under five major headings (‘non-surgical treatment’, ‘surgical treatment’, ‘aftercare’ and ‘other’), producing frequency counts for different study designs. Gaps in research were identified from published systematic reviews and tabulated.

Results
We identified 983 eligible studies, of which 36 were systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses; 121 were randomised controlled trials), and 826 observational studies of various design. The majority of studies evaluated surgical techniques (n = 665), or adjuvant medical interventions (n = 98). The literature on wound care has developed most recently, and the evidence base includes 30% randomised controlled trials. Gaps analysis highlighted comparison of surgical techniques including flaps, laser depilation, and wound care interventions as potential areas for randomised controlled trials.

Conclusions
This mapping review summarises eight decades of research on the management of pilonidal sinus. Further research is needed to identify front-running interventions, understand variation in practice and patient values, and to prioritise future research.