bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of Al ii in the Ultraviolet Spectra of Metal-poor Stars: An Empirical LTE Test of NLTE Aluminum Abundance Calculations*
Authors: Roederer Ian U. , Lawler James E. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We report the detection of an Al ii line at 2669.155 Å in 11 metal-poor stars, using ultraviolet spectra obtained with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph on board the Hubble Space Telescope. We derive Al abundances from this line using a standard abundance analysis, assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). The mean [Al/Fe] ratio is −0.06 ± 0.04 (σ = 0.22) for these 11 stars spanning − 3.9 < [Fe/H] < −1.3, or [Al/Fe] = −0.10 ± 0.04 (σ = 0.18) for 9 stars spanning −3.0 < [Fe/H] < −1.3 if two carbon-enhanced stars are excluded. We use these abundances to perform an empirical test of non-LTE (NLTE) abundance corrections predicted for resonance lines of Al i, including the commonly used optical Al i line at 3961 Å. The Al ii line is formed in LTE, and the abundance derived from this line matches that derived from high-excitation Al i lines predicted to have minimal NLTE corrections. The differences between the abundance derived from the Al ii line and the LTE abundance derived from Al i resonance lines are +0.4 to +0.9 dex, which match the predicted NLTE corrections for the Al i resonance lines. We conclude that the NLTE abundance calculations are approximately correct and should be applied to LTE abundances derived from Al i lines.
[First occurrence of Sea Lamprey, <em>Petromyzon marinus</em> Linnaeus 1758 (Agnatha, Petromyzontiformes, Petromyzontidae) in the River Mignone (Northern Lazio).]
Authors: Ferri Vincenzo , Crescia Paolo , Soccini Christiana , Olini Alessio , Celletti Stefano 
Published: May 2021

[The spring presence of two individuals of the Sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, in the River Mignone near Tarquinia (Northern Lazio) could highlight a new Italian reproductive site of this rare and endangered species. This exceptional possibility could certainly be favored by the good quality of both the waters of the Mignone, and the environmental context of the record, but would require the urgent equipment of the barrier of Le Mole with a fish ladder in order to allow the sea lamprey’s upstream migration towards the areas of the upper course, even more suitable for their reproduction].

[Article in Italian]
Holocausto ecológico em Itaipu e na Amazônia: trabalhadores (as), ditadura e conflito agrário do Sul ao Norte do Brasil
Authors: Sanfelice de Paula Cátia Franciele 
Published: May 2021

O artigo problematiza a relação entre a Itaipu Binacional, a ditadura militar e a questão agrária na Amazônia, com ênfase nos problemas enfrentados pelos trabalhadores (as) desapropriados (as) pela estatal. Para isso, utilizo fontes de imprensa e registros produzidos pelo Serviço Nacional de Inteligência da ditadura militar, SNI, que tratam, em especial, dos conflitos no Acre e em Rondônia. Discuto a omissão e a truculência do Estado com rela ção aos conflitos agrários, do Sul ao Norte do país e como imobiliárias particulares atuaram nesse processo
convocando trabalhadores do Paraná para a Amazônia. Destaco a falta de alternativas e as dificuldades de acesso à terra pelos trabalhadores frente à s mudanças provocadas pelas relações sociais capitalistas materializadas na construção da Hidrelétrica de Itaipu e nos projetos de “colonização” na região Norte do país
Обзор ретроспективы сценографических решений образа Абая Кунанбаева
Authors: Жылкаманова Айдана , Жангужинова Mеруерт 
Published: May 2021

В данной статье рассматривается теоретический обзор сценографических решений образа Абая Кунанбаева в ретроспективе театральных постановок. В исследовании создания образа Абая Кунанбаева раскрываются литературное наследие, литературный образ, изобразительный образ, театральный образ. Приведен анализ создания костюмного образа на основе исследования театральных постановок в театрах Казахстана: Государственном театре оперы и балета «Астана Опера» (г. Нур-Султан), Казахском государственном академическом театре драмы имени М. О. Ауэзова (г. Алматы), Казахском государственном академическом театре оперы и балета имени Абая (г. Алматы), Государственном академическом казахском музыкально-драматическом театре имени К. Куанышбаева (Нур-Султан), Казахском драматическом театре имени С. Сейфуллина (г. Караганда). Проанализирован, обоснован и составлен семиотический образ персонажа Абая Кунанбаева в театральных постановках Казахстана. Статья посвящена обращению к культурному наследию А. Кунанбаева в связи с празднованием 175-летия со дня рождения. Статья раскрывает методические подходы создания образного решения костюмного оформления Абая Кунанбаева в театральных постановках. Проблемой исследования является формирование образа Абая Кунанбаева в сценографии театрального костюма. Актуальность темы связана с обращением к культурному наследию А. Кунанбаева в связи с празднованием 175-летия со дня рождения и привлечением пристального внимания Президента РК в его ежегодном Послании народу Казахстана (от 1 сентября 2020 г.) в рамках Государственной программы «Рухани Жанғыру». Целью исследования является проведение ретроспективного анализа образных решений А. Кунанбаева в театральных постановках. Задача исследования – выявить характерные особенности образного решения Абая в сценографии театра через методологические приемы и интерпретацию сценографии в костюмированном оформлении образа Абая Кунанбаева в театре. Новизна исследования заключается в систематизации методических подходов создания образа Абая средствами костюмного оформления в театре.
Risk Factors of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Infection and Colonisation: A Malaysian Tertiary Care Hospital Based Case-Control Study
Authors: Chuah Chuan Huan , Gani Yasmin , Sim Benedict , Chidambaram Suresh Kumar 
Published: May 2021

Background Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infection has become a major challenge to clinicians. The aim of this study is to identify the risk factors of acquiring CRE to guide more targeted screening for hospital admissions. Methods This is a retrospective case-control study (ratio 1:1) where a patient with CRE infection or colonisation was matched with a control. The control was an individual who tested negative for CRE but was a close contact of a patient testing positive and was admitted at the same time and place. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were done. Results The study included 154 patients. The majority of the CRE was Klebsiella species (83%). From univariate analysis, the significant risk factors were having a history of indwelling devices (OR: 2.791; 95% CI: 1.384-5.629), concomitant other MDRO (OR: 2.556; 95% CI: 1.144-5.707) and hospitalisation for more than three weeks (OR: 2.331; 95% CI: 1.163-4.673). Multivariate analysis showed that being unable to ambulate on admission (adjusted OR: 2.345; 95% CI: 1.170-4.699) and antibiotic exposure (adjusted OR: 3.515; 95% CI: 1.377-8.972) were independent predictors. The in-hospital mortality rate of CRE infection was high (64.5%). CRE acquisition resulted in prolonged hospitalisation (median=35 days; P<0.001). Conclusion CRE infection results in high morbidity and mortality. On top of the common risk factors, patients with mobility restriction, prior antibiotic exposures and hospitalisation for more than three weeks should be prioritised in the screening strategy to control the spread of CRE.
Amiodarone Lung: Under Recognised but Not Forgotten
Authors: Baron Emma , Mok Wai Kit , Jayawardena Manika , Reall Georgina , Elfaki Husham , Thirumaran Muthu , Dwarakanath Akshay 
Published: May 2021

Amiodarone is a common medication used widely in clinical practice. It is a triiodinated antiarrhythmic associated with a variety of adverse effects both pulmonary and extrapulmonary, the most serious being amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity (AIPT) or amiodarone lung. This can present with a variety of clinical syndromes ranging from subacute symptoms to an indolent and a progressive course thus mimicking an alternative diagnosis. We report a case of amiodarone lung in a female who presented with an acute fulminant progressive pneumonitis despite being on very low dose (100 mg once daily) that proved fatal. Diagnosis was made on postmortem examination due to a diagnostic conundrum. Despite the steady decrease of AIPT with reduced dose, it is vital for the treating clinicians to monitor regularly for adverse effects and review the need for long-term use to prevent complications.
Use of a Short Trainee Questionnaire to Support International Uk Equivalent Core Medical Training
Authors: Black David , Lynch Warren 
Published: May 2021

Introduction The Federation of the Royal Colleges of Physicians of the UK provides UK equivalent Core Medical Training (CMT), now Internal Medicine Training (IMT), with six partners internationally. The objective of this study was to support the quality management and accreditation of those programmes. Methods A short, simple trainee questionnaire was designed and implemented online to produce data that could be compared with the Joint Royal Colleges of Physicians Training Board (JRCPTB) analysis of the UK national General Medical Council (GMC) questionnaire. Survey included first three of the current six international partners of JRCPTB: one site in Iceland and the other two in India. Results Over 90% trainee engagement was achieved, and the results are compatible and related to the UK experience. No serious issues were identified that need immediate action and the output was used for discussion about training and service at all three sites. Good satisfaction with the programme was found in all three sites. Conclusion A simple online questionnaire can have good engagement with trainees on an international basis and produce useful information that helps trainees and trainers discuss the care of their patients and improve training
Antioxidant, cytotoxicity, and anti-human lung cancer properties of Linum usitatissimum seed aqueous extract in in vitro conditions: a pre-clinical trial study
Authors: Song Min , Yin Yujing , Sun Yan , Gao Hui , Hu Anxi , Lou Yili , El-kott Attalla F. , El-kenawy Ayman E. 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionLinum usitatissimum seed or flax seed is known as a potential candidate as a remedy to treat various diseases in many traditional medicines around the world. In the current study, the antioxidant, cytotoxicity, and anti-human lung cancer properties of Linum usitatissimum seed were investigated in in vitro conditions.Material and methodsAntioxidant activity of the plant was analyzed using radical scavenging activity and ferrous ion chelating assay. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to evaluate anti-lung cancer properties of the plant.ResultsThe plant extract scavenged 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) as a free radical with an IC50 of 34.2 ±0.9 µg/ml. The plant was also found to be rich in phenolic compounds with 294.8 ±2.3 mg GAE/g for total phenolic content. Cell viability of Linum usitatissimum seed was very low against lung poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (PC-14), lung moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma (LC-2/ad), and lung well-differentiated bronchogenic adenocarcinoma (HLC-1) cell lines without any cytotoxicity towards the normal cell line. The best anti-human lung cancer properties of Linum usitatissimum seed against the above cell lines were observed in the case of the PC-14 cell line. According to the above findings, Linum usitatissimum seed may be administered for the treatment of several types of human lung cancer in humans. According to the results, the IC50 values of plant extract against lung poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (PC-14), lung moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma (LC-2/ad), and lung well-differentiated bronchogenic adenocarcinoma (HLC-1) cell lines were found to be 392, 483, and 564 µg/ml, respectively.ConclusionsIt appears the recent formulation can be used as a novel chemotherapeutic supplement in humans.
Molecular genetic testing for BRAF V600 gene mutations in melanoma in the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Kaidarova Dilyara , Dushimova Zaure , Orazgaliyeva Madina , Shatkovskaya Oxana , Alieva Sakhadat , Ossikbayeva Saniya 
Published: May 2021

Along with other diagnostic methods, all current recommendations and protocols for malignant tumors’ diagnostics and treatment require mandatory molecular genetic testing at the initial diagnosis and in case of disease progression.
The discovery of the BRAF gene mutation in skin melanoma allows the treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, so-called BRAF inhibitors. This increases the probability of tumor response by half and opens up new therapeutic options.
The study aimed to identify the BRAF V600E gene mutation frequency in patients with stage III-IV melanoma in the Republic of Kazakhstan to determine the need for targeted therapy.
Results: 2251 persons are currently registered with melanoma in the Republic of Kazakhstan, with 355 new primary melanoma cases in 2019. Of them, 54% were diagnosed at stages III-IV and were subject to molecular genetic testing. 278 of 2251 patients were sent for BRAF mutations testing. The mutations were detected in 105 (37.7%) patients.
Conclusion: The introduction of molecular genetic testing for malignant neoplasms under the Comprehensive Cancer Control Plan framework for 2018-2022 will increase the use of molecular genetic methods in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Molecular genetic testing is an important step in diagnosing melanoma and choosing the appropriate therapy to personalize cancer treatment.
Primary nasal cavity Ewing’s sarcoma in pediatric practice: A clinical case
Authors: Bekisheva А. , Makhneva A. , Satbaeva E. , Abyov G. , Remkulova M. 
Published: May 2021

Ewing’s sarcoma is an aggressive tumor rarely found in the head and neck region and extremely rare in the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses (2-3% of all Ewing’s sarcomas).
Purpose: The article presents a clinical diagnostic case of nasal cavity Ewing’s sarcoma finally verified only by IHC test.
Results: The presented clinical case describes Ewing’s sarcoma of the nasal cavity in a 14-year-old girl and presents the clinical picture, the results of MRI and CT examination of the sinuses, histopathological and IHC tests. Adequate diagnostical tools made it possible to establish a diagnosis. Timely determined treatment tactics, taking into account the tumor localization and possible postoperative complications, led to tumor remission. At present, the patient is under dynamic observation.
Conclusion: The presented clinical case confirms that a primary nasal cavity Ewing’s sarcoma diagnostic largely depends on histopathological examination since visual diagnostic techniques do not provide reliable information on the tumor type.
Radiation injuries during combined radiation treatment of locally distributed cervical cancer: A literary review
Authors: Adylkhanov T. A. , Zhumakanova N. S. , Kamzina G. S. , Musulmanova M. A. , Andreyeva O. B. , Lipikhina A. V. , Sabekov Y. O. , Bekkali G. B. , Musina A. D. 
Published: May 2021

Radiation therapy is one of the leading methods of treating malignant tumors of female genital organs. However, modern radiotherapeutic equipment technical capacity does not exclude the possibility of radiation complications from healthy organs and tissues in the radiation zone. During radiation treatment (administered independently or in combination with other methods), patients develop local radiation reactions of different intensity from related organs, such as the bladder, rectum, and vagina, which significantly deteriorate patients’ quality of life. This also leads to involuntary interruptions in treatment and, finally, worsens the treatment outcome.
Purpose: To describe radiation injuries to pelvic organs in cervical cancer radiation treatment. It analyzes the frequency and evidence of early and late radiation reactions from the affected organs.
Results: Radiation injuries to the pelvic organs form the basis of radiation pathology in patients with cervical cancer and largely determine cured patients’ quality of life. Radiation complications of grade II-III, less often IV, are frequent after radiation treatment for pelvic cancer, especially cervical cancer.
Conclusions: Despite the improvements in radiation treatment methods, there is still no unified system for preventing radiation reactions that would include algorithms for diagnosing and treating early and late radiation reactions using modern medications and non-pharmacological options. The development and implementation of an algorithm for the correction of radiation reactions after radiation and complex treatment for cervical cancer would timely prevent radiation and combined complications from target organs and improve patients’ quality of life.
Thực trạng rối loạn tâm thần ở người bệnh điều trị Methadone khu vực Hà Nội
Authors: Tuấn Nguyễn Văn , Thiện Lê Công , Phi Nguyễn Văn , Long Nguyễn Thành , Thắng Phạm Xuân , Thương Nguyễn Thị Hoài , Quỳnh Phạm Thị , San Bùi Văn 
Published: May 2021

Rối loạn tâm thần có nguy cơ cao gặp phải ở nhóm bệnh nhân nghiện chất dạng thuốc phiện, đồng thời có liên quan đến việc tăng nguy cơ tái sử dụng opioid, từ đó làm giảm hiệu quả điều trị của methadone cũng như chất lượng cuộc sống của người bệnh. Nghiên cứu này được tiến hành với mục tiêu mô tả thực trạng rối loạn tâm thần ở người bệnh điều trị Methadone khu vực Hà Nội. 912 bệnh nhân nghiện Opioid được điều trị tại 5 trung tâm Methadone tại Hà Nội được lựa chọn vào nghiên cứu. Rối loạn giấc ngủ khá phổ biến với 16,8%. Các rối loạn tâm thần khác chiếm tỉ lệ ít hơn với các rối loạn liên quan stress là 14,5%, rối loạn loạn thần là 4,1%, rối loạn nhận thức là 11,2% và rối loạn trầm cảm là 8,7%. Như vậy, rối loạn tâm thần ở bệnh nhân nghiện chất dạng thuốc phiện là phổ biến, cần đánh giá thường xuyên các rối loạn tâm thần trong quá trình điều trị methadone.
Chemical Variation in Coexisting Chromite and Olivine in Chromitite Zones of the Stillwater Complex
Authors: Jackson Everett D. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The chromitite zones in the Stillwater Complex consist of alternating chromite-rich and olivine-rich stratiform layers. On the basis of previous work, it was concluded that where olivine and chromite occur together as cumulus minerals, they formed as simultaneous crystallization products, in equilibrium with each other and the Stillwater magma. This hypothesis was tested in the present study by determining the proportions and compositions of 35 coexisting olivine and chromite pairs encountered in channel samples of the G and H chromitite zones in the Mountain View area. It was found that the cation fractions of Mg and Fe+2 in the chromite and olivine, and the cation fractions of Cr, Al, and Fe+3 in the chromite, are clearly related to the proportions of the two minerals in the 35 layers. The variations in these cation fractions were compared with theoretical variations expected on the basis of free energies of formation of end-member olivines and spinels. It was found that the observed and expected variations were of the same general magnitude and direction, and that the compositions of coexisting olivine and chromite in G- and H-zone layers can be accounted for by means of a simple thermodynamic model.
The regularity in concomitant chemical and volumetric variation of chromite and olivine is such that the grade of the chromite in any layer in the G and H zones can be estimated given only the local stratigraphic section and the proportions of chromite and olivine in the layers. Work is continuing on the possibility of using olivine-chromite pairs as relative geothermometers.
Gravity Differentiation and Magmatic Re-emplacement of Podiform Chromite Deposits
Authors: Thayer T. P. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Relict cumulate features preserved in podiform chromite deposits include some textures found in stratiform complexes and, in addition, nodular and orbicular textures. Nodules of chromite are shown to have grown while freely suspended in magma, either by crystallization of chromite alone, or of chromite plus plagioclase and/or olivine in varying proportions. Some chromite nodules have the external form of crystals, but internally all are aggregates of grains or crystals in random orientation. Regardless of form, the nodules constitute packed structures like piles of marbles. In most podiform deposits the relict textures have been modified or destroyed by flowage at magmatic temperatures; extreme deformation produces gneissic silicate rocks and schlieren-banded disseminated chromitites.
The podiform chromitites are believed to have formed as layers in supercomplexes analogous to those known to have produced stratiform type chromitite, by gravitational differentiation of fluid magma in the upper part of the mantle. The chromite of podiform deposits is characterized by high MgO: FeO ratio and reciprocal variation in Cr2O3 and A12O3; primary variation in total Fe content is much smaller than in the stratiform deposits.
The layered differentiates appear to have been re-emplaced into the crust as hot crystal mushes. During re-emplacement chromite was solid and relatively rigid compared to olivine, pyroxene, and plagioclase which, although also solid, yielded more or less plastically by crushing and recrystallization. However, some interstitial magma able to form dilation dikes was present.
Random distribution of gabbro and peridotite in many alpine complexes and erratic compositional variation of chromite in neighboring deposits indicate mixing of the various differentiates during re-emplacement. A few masses of feldspathic chromitite found in feldspar-free peridotite are attributed to sinking of broken-up dense layers of chromitite (sp. gr. 3.8–4.2) from troctolitic into peridotitic crystal mushes (sp. gr. 2.8–3.2) during intrusion. To produce the thicknesses of massive chromitite and volumes of dunite and olivine-rich peridotite in alpine complexes requires very large volumes of magma, or primary magma more mafic than tholeiite, and differentiation trends very different from those of known stratiform complexes.
Phase Relations in the Cu-Fe-S, Cu-Ni-S, and Fe-Ni-S Systems
Authors: Kullerud G. , Yund R. A. , Moh G. H. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The phase relations in the Cu-Fe-S, Fe-Ni-S, and Cu-Ni-S systems were investigated by silica-tube quenching, differential thermal analysis, and high-temperature X-ray powder diffraction experiments. In addition, portions of the Cu-Fe-S and Fe-Ni-S systems were studied by gold-tube quenching and differential thermal analysis experiments under high confining pressures.
At elevated temperatures extensive liquid immiscibility fields span the sulfur-rich region of each of the three systems, whereas homogeneous liquid fields dominate the phase relations in their central portions. The average composition of the Sudbury Cu-Fe-Ni sulfide ore, when projected onto the Cu-Fe-S plane, is accounted for above 860° C by a mixture of copper containing hexagonal pyrrhotite and copper-rich sulfide liquid. Thus at high temperatures a mechanism exists that may be responsible for certain copper-rich segregations observed in this type of ore. The minerals of the Cu-Ni-S system, with the rare exception of millerite, do not occur in Sudbury-type ores. Knowledge of the phase relations in this system is prerequisite, however, for systematic investigations of the complex Cu-Fe-Ni-S system. Applications of the phase relations in the Cu-Fe-S and Fe-Ni-S systems to typical ore assemblages show that extensive reequilibration took place among the sulfides after their initial deposition. The sulfides in Sudbury-type ores commonly have compositions and crystal structures that can be produced in the laboratory only at low temperatures.