bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive values of static endoscopic evaluation of swallowing in adults
Authors: Chang Joseph , Brown Sarah K. , Hwang Chaewon , Kirke Diana N. , Goldberg Leanne 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveStatic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (SEES) is an instrumental evaluation developed for in‐office identification of patients who may benefit from a modified barium swallow study (MBSS). We aim to determine the predictive value of SEES for evaluating dysphagia.MethodsA retrospective case series was performed on adults evaluated for dysphagia using SEES followed by MBSS at a single tertiary care center. Studies were evaluated by two blinded expert raters.ResultsFifty‐eight patients were included. Thin liquid penetration on SEES had a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of 0.86 (95% CI 0.70‐0.95), 0.63 (95% CI 0.24‐0.91), 0.91 (95% CI 0.76‐0.98), and 0.5 (0.19‐0.81), respectively, for predicting thin liquid penetration on MBSS, and 1.0 (95% CI 0.59‐1.0), 0.29 (95% CI 0.15‐0.47), 0.23 (95% CI 0.10‐0.41), and 1.0 (95% CI 0.69‐1.0) for predicting thin liquid aspiration on MBSS. Thin liquid aspiration on SEES had a sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 0.67 (95% CI 0.09‐0.99), 0.85 (95% CI 0.66‐0.96), 0.33 (95% CI 0.04‐0.78), and 0.96 (95% CI 0.79‐1.0), respectively, for predicting thin liquid aspiration on MBSS.ConclusionsSEES may be used as an objective in‐office test to screen for aspiration and penetration. Thin liquid penetration on SEES is moderately sensitive for predicting penetration on MBSS. Absence of thin liquid penetration or aspiration on SEES has a high NPV for excluding aspiration on MBSS. Abnormalities on SEES or the need to view the entire swallowing mechanism should prompt an MBSS for a more complete evaluation of dysphagia.Level of Evidence: 4
Which combined nerve conduction study scores are best suited for polyneuropathy in diabetic patients?
Authors: Dunker Øystein , Nilsen Kristian Bernhard , Olsen Sandra Elise , Åsvold Bjørn Olav , Bjørgaas Marit Ragnhild Rokne , Sand Trond 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroduction/AimsNerve conduction studies (NCS) are widely used in diagnosing diabetic polyneuropathy. Combining the Z scores of several measures (Z‐compounds) may improve diagnostics by grading abnormality. We aimed to determine which combination of nerves and measures is best suited for studies of diabetic polyneuropathy.MethodsSixty‐eight patients with type 1 diabetes and 35 controls were included in this study. NCS measurements were taken from commonly investigated nerves in one arm and both legs. Different Z‐compounds were calculated and compared with reference material to assess abnormality. A sensitivity proxy, the accuracy index (AI), and Cohen's d were calculated.ResultsZ‐compounds with the highest AI consisted of the tibial and peroneal motor, and the sural, superficial peroneal, and tibial medial plantar sensory nerves in one or two legs. All Z‐compounds were able to discriminate between diabetic subjects and nondiabetic controls (mean Cohen's d = 1.42 [range, 1.03‐1.63]). The association between AI and number of measures was best explained logarithmically (R2 = 0.401), with diminishing returns above approximately 14 or 15 measures. F‐wave inclusion may increase the AI of the Z compounds. Although often clinically useful among the non‐elderly, the additional inclusion of medial plantar NCS into Z‐compounds in general did not improve AI.DiscussionPerforming unilateral NCS in several motor and sensory lower extremity nerves is suited for the evaluation of polyneuropathy in diabetic patients. The use of Z‐compounds may improve diagnostic accuracy in diabetic polyneuropathy and may be particularly useful for follow‐up research studies as single summary measures of NCS abnormality development over time.
Identification of the age of white tea using proton transfer reaction time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (PTR‐TOF‐MS) coupled with multivariate analysis
Authors: Wu Weihua , Zhang Dandan , He Ye , Cao Jie , Li Xiaojing 
Published: October 2021

RationaleIn recent years, white tea has become increasingly popular. Some merchants confuse the age of white tea and sell poor‐quality products for profit. Therefore, it is necessary to provide technical support for product authentication and valorization in white tea of different marked ages.MethodsVolatile organic compounds (VOCs) were detected by proton transfer reaction time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (PTR‐TOF‐MS) and identified as volatile fingerprints. PTR‐TOF‐MS combined with multivariate analysis was found to identify white tea of four different marked ages (1, 3, 5, and 8 years) for authentication. Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least‐squares discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA) were used as classification models to identify key volatile metabolites.ResultsThe OPLS‐DA model achieved the best results (96.67%, 96.67%, 96.67%, and 96.67% in the training set and 96.00%, 96.00%, 100%, and 100% in the prediction set for 1‐year, 3‐year, 5‐year, and 8‐year tea samples, respectively), showing that PTR‐TOF‐MS with the OPLS‐DA model could successfully be used in the identification of white tea with different marked ages. Out of the 60 identified VOCs, 26 volatile materials were closely correlated with tea age and were used as markers to discriminate white tea of different ages.ConclusionsPTR‐TOF‐MS coupled with multivariate analysis could be applied for quality evaluation of tea products of different ages and provided a feasible technical support for product authentication and valorization in white tea of different marked ages.
Automating integration under emergent constraints for embedded systems
Authors: Schlatow Johannes , Schmidt Edgard , Ernst Rolf 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs embedded applications are subject to non-functional requirements (latency, safety, reliability, etc.) they require special care when it comes to providing assurances. Traditionally, these systems are quite static in their software and hardware composition. However, there is an increasing interest in enabling adaptivity and autonomy in embedded systems that cannot be satisfied with preprogrammed adaptations any more. Instead, it requires automated software composition in conjunction with model-based analyses that must adhere to requirements and constraints from various viewpoints. A major challenge in this matter is that embedded systems are subject to emergent constraints which are affected by inter-dependent properties resulting from the software composition and platform configuration. As these properties typically require an in-depth evaluation by complex analyses, a holistic formulation of parameters and their constraints is not applicable. We present a compositional framework for model-based integration of component-based embedded systems. The framework provides a structured approach to perform operations on a cross-layer model for model enrichment, synthesis and analysis. It thereby provides the overarching mechanisms to combine existing models, analyses and reasoning. Furthermore, it automates integration decisions and enables an iterative exploration of feasible system compositions. We demonstrate the applicability of this framework on a case study of a stereo-vision robot that uses a component-based operating system.
Reformen zur Entlastung geringer Einkommen und ihre Auswirkungen auf die Beschäftigung
Authors: Krebs Tom , Scheffel Martin , Barišić Manuela , Consiglio Valentina Sara 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Corona-Krise hat die Wirtschaft zwar belastet, doch bietet sie auch die Chance, durch Reformen des Sozialversicherungssystems den Aufbau guter Beschäftigung zu fördern. Auf Basis eines makroökonomischen Modells untersucht der Beitrag zwei Reformvarianten, die den sozialrechtlichen Sonderstatus des Minijobs abschaffen und zudem Erwerbspersonen mit niedrigem Einkommen entlasten. Die Ergebnisse der Simulationsanalyse zeigen, dass eine Reform zur Abschaffung der Minijob-Regelung bei gleichzeitiger Entlastung der unteren Einkommensgruppen (bis 1.800 Euro brutto im Monat) viele Gewinner:innen hat. Die Reform hätte positive Effekte für Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft und öffentliche Finanzen.
Die prekäre alte Normalität der EU und die Notwendigkeit zur Reform
Authors: Gabrisch Hubert 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDie EU befindet sich seit 2008 im Krisenmodus. Die Sehnsucht nach der alten Normalität ist das große politische Ziel, aber eine Rückkehr zum Status quo ante wäre nicht wirklich wünschenswert. Leider besitzt die europäische Politik kein Konzept für die Zukunft der EU nach der COVID-19-Pandemie. Das könnte sich als existenzielles Problem für die EU in ihrer derzeitigen Gestalt erweisen. Der Artikel analysiert den inneren Zusammenhang der verschiedenen Krisen seit 2008, zeigt Möglichkeiten für eine Reform der Architektur der EU in den zentralen Feldern Fiskal- und Geldpolitik auf, warnt vor weiteren Krisen und vor einer Marginalisierung der EU im globalen Maßstab.
Unleashing JupyterHub: Exploiting Resources Without Inbound Network Connectivity Using HTCondor
Authors: Freyermuth Oliver , Kohl Katrin , Wienemann Peter 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn recent years Jupyter notebooks have conquered class rooms and some scientists also enjoy their convenience to quickly evaluate ideas and check whether a more detailed study is justified. To lower the threshold for getting started with Jupyter notebooks and to ease sharing and collaborative use, offering a JupyterHub service is tempting. However, offering such a service for a larger science class also requires a compute backend with sufficient resources such that hundreds of notebooks can be run simultaneously. Since resource usage for teaching activities typically fluctuates significantly over the year, dedicated compute resources seem inefficient. In this paper we present an alternative by exploiting an existing high throughput computing cluster (BAF2) at the University of Bonn, which comes with the additional advantage that scientific users may use the very same software and data environment they also select for their batch jobs. To implement this, we used a novel approach which allowed us to integrate BAF2 execute nodes although they do not have inbound network connectivity. Therefore, it does not touch the security concept of the cluster. The very same technique can be used to integrate any compute resources without inbound network connectivity and thus allows one to overcome usual firewall restrictions. This design also simplifies exploiting remote resources e.g. offered by resource federations or cloud providers.
Deep Palmprint Recognition with Alignment and Augmentation of Limited Training Samples
Authors: Brown Dane , Bradshaw Karen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper builds upon a previously proposed automatic palmprint alignment and classification system. The proposed system was geared towards palmprints acquired from either contact or contactless sensors. It was robust to finger location and fist shape changes—accurately extracting the palmprints in images without fingers. An extension to this previous work includes comparisons of traditional and deep learning models, both with hyperparameter tuning. The proposed methods are compared with related verification systems and a detailed evaluation of open-set identification. The best results were yielded by a proposed Convolutional Neural Network, based on VGG-16, and outperforming tuned VGG-16 and Xception architectures. All deep learning algorithms are provided with augmented data, included in the tuning process, enabling significant accuracy gains. Highlights include near-zero and zero EER on IITD-Palmprint verification using one training sample and leave-one-out strategy, respectively. Therefore, the proposed palmprint system is practical as it is effective on data containing many and few training examples.
TRANSITION DENSITIES OF SUBORDINATORS OF POSITIVE ORDER
Authors: Grzywny Tomasz , Leżaj Łukasz , Trojan Bartosz 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe prove the existence and asymptotic behaviour of the transition density for a large class of subordinators whose Laplace exponents satisfy lower scaling condition at infinity. Furthermore, we present lower and upper bounds for the density. Sharp estimates are provided if an additional upper scaling condition on the Laplace exponent is imposed. In particular, we cover the case when the (minus) second derivative of the Laplace exponent is a function regularly varying at infinity with regularity index bigger than
$-2$
.
Convolutional Neural Network, Res‐Unet++, ‐Based Dispersion Curve Picking From Noise Cross‐Correlations
Authors: Song Weibin , Feng Xuping , Wu Gaoxiong , Zhang Gongheng , Liu Ying , Chen Xiaofei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAmbient seismic noise cross‐correlation has been widely applied in surface wave tomography at regional to global scales, including for seismic exploration of near‐surface structures. Reliable seismic imaging requires the accurate selection of dispersion curves. However, manual picking has become cumbersome work with the increase in available correlation traces; it is even more difficult when the number of dispersion curves increases by using frequency‐Bessel (F‐J) transform. Here, we show that the neural network Res‐Unet++ can automatically and accurately extract both fundamental dispersion curves and overtones from the F‐J dispersion spectra after training the network. Results show that selected dispersion curves had high accuracies in the synthetic data (greater than 95%). The network could effectively extract both the fundamental and higher modes in real data, and transfer learning improved the adaptability of neural networks for different geological areas. The obtained dispersion curves from the real data agreed well with those acquired manually and were advantageous for generating more effective dispersion points.
Kinematics and Evolution of the Southern Eastern California Shear Zone, Based on Analysis of Fault Strike, Distribution, Activity, Roughness, and Secondary Deformation
Authors: Spotila James A. , Garvue Max M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Eastern California shear zone is a complex set of dextral faults that accommodates significant plate motion and has produced large earthquakes. The evolution of this system and why it consists of closely spaced, irregular faults that fail in multi‐fault ruptures are not well understood. Here we analyze the geometry, spatial distribution, and Quaternary slip activity of right‐lateral faults in the southern Mojave block. We find these faults are oriented favorably for accommodating regional dextral plate motion and do not show evidence of replacement following counterclockwise rotation to unfavorable positions, although activity may be migrating westward as previously proposed. We also confirm that the shear zone is transpressive, with widespread restraining bends, distributed convergent deformation, and significant impact on near‐fault topography. Observations also show that faults are geometrically complex, as represented by along‐strike variability in fault strike. We document a correlation between strike variability and fault activity (slip rate or net slip), which is evident within the shear zone as well as for a control group of other faults. We suggest that strike variability represents a form of geometric roughness, which may inhibit fault slip and result in complex ruptures, slip‐strengthening behavior, and a prevalence of off‐fault deformation. Other factors, including preexisting crustal fabric, edge effects, and changes in the stress field, may further complicate kinematics. These results suggest that faults of the shear zone are still juvenile and somewhat unique, yet offer an important window into how broadly distributed shear may evolve into a through‐going continental transform system.
The Dominant Control of Relief on Soil Water Content Distribution During Wet‐Dry Transitions in Headwaters
Authors: Han Xiaole , Liu Jintao , Srivastava Puneet , Liu Hu , Li Xiaopeng , Shen Xuhui , Tan Hongbing 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe redistribution of hillslope soil water during and after rainstorms is affected by soil properties and topography. Therefore, understanding how soil‐terrain attributes affect the soil volumetric water content (VWC) distribution under various catchment storages is a prerequisite for accurate hydrological modeling. Herein, the relationships between soil‐terrain attributes and soil VWC were examined in a steep (average slope = 60%), forested, zero‐order catchment. Detailed topography, soil properties, and runoff, and high frequency (6‐min) soil moisture data observed from July 2016 to November 2017 were employed along with resampled VWC data in three time‐steps (daily, hourly, and 6‐min intervals) for correlation analysis between soil‐terrain attributes and measured VWC. The results showed that daily aggregated data overlooked the highly heterogeneous flow conditions under dry‐wet transitions, leading to a constantly high correlation between VWC and the topographic wetness index (TWI). In comparison, the 6‐min data captured short‐lived flow processes, highlighting that, in reality, VWC‐TWI correlations fluctuated frequently as a function of catchment storages and precipitation characteristics, with four wetting patterns identified. Under wet‐dry transitions, the VWC‐TWI correlations increased significantly (from 0.3 to 0.6) as the hillslope gradually drained of lateral subsurface water. Soil water behavior consists of diurnal oscillations superimposed on a declining trend, which demonstrates the existence of unsaturated flow and which contributed to the increase in the strength of the correlations. Finally, through correlation analysis of all drying (n = 4) and wetting (n = 45) periods, we found that soil‐terrain attributes and VWC correlations can be used to identify the dominant soil water processes in various catchment storages.
Fortilin inhibits p53, halts cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and protects the heart against heart failure
Authors: Chunhacha Preedakorn , Pinkaew Decha , Sinthujaroen Patuma , Bowles Dawn E. , Fujise Ken 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHeart failure (HF) has reached epidemic proportions in developed countries, affecting over 20 million people worldwide. Despite modern medical and device therapies, 60–70% of HF patients still die within 5 years of diagnosis as it relentlessly progresses through pervasive apoptotic loss of cardiomyocytes. Although fortilin, a 172-amino-acid anti-p53 molecule, is one of the most expressed proteins in the heart, its precise role there has remained unknown. Also unclear is how cardiomyocytes are protected against apoptosis. Here, we report that failing human hearts express less fortilin than do non-failing hearts. We also found that mice lacking fortilin in the heart (fortilinKO-heart) die by 9 weeks of age due to extensive cardiomyocyte apoptosis and severe HF, which suggests that fortilin sustains cardiomyocyte viability. The lack of fortilin is also associated with drastic upregulation of p53 target genes in the hearts. The heart-specific deletion of p53 in fortilinKO-heart mice extends their life spans from 9 to 18 weeks by mitigating cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Our data suggest that fortilin is a novel cardiac p53 inhibitor and that its inadequate expression in failing hearts and subsequent overactivation of the p53 apoptosis pathway in cardiomyocytes exacerbates HF.
Untersuchung zur indikationsgerechten Empfehlung einer Protonenpumpeninhibitor (PPI)-Medikation in Entlassungsbriefen einer gastroenterologischen Klinik
Authors: Fischbach Wolfgang , Hünger Beate , Hünger Matthias 
Published: October 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Ziel Protonenpumpeninhibitoren (PPI) zählen zu den weltweit am häufigsten verordneten Arzneimitteln. Sie galten lange Zeit als unbedenklich, ehe in den letzten Jahren unerwünschte Nebenwirkungen bei einer Dauermedikation diskutiert wurden. Zweifelsohne ist ein indikationsgerechter Einsatz der PPI zu fordern. In dieser retrospektiven Analyse untersuchten wir, wie viele Patienten einer gastroenterologischen Klinik mit einer PPI-Medikation entlassen wurden, und wie häufig die Empfehlung indikations-, dosis- und zeitgerecht war.
Methode 1612 Entlassungsbriefe von stationären Patienten aus dem Zeitraum 1.1.2011 bis 30.6.2011 wurden ausgewertet. Die Patienten mit einer PPI-Empfehlung wurden in vier Gruppen eingeteilt: (1) PPI-Empfehlung leitliniengerecht, korrekte Dosis und Therapiedauer; (2) leitliniengerechte Indikation, aber falsche Dosis oder fehlende/falsche Angabe zur Therapiedauer; (3) PPI-Empfehlung sinnvoll, aber nicht durch Leitlinien abgesichert; (4) fehlende Indikation, falsche Empfehlung. Zur weiteren Differenzierung wurden in den vier Gruppen jeweils mehrere Untergruppen gebildet, die Komorbiditäten und Begleitmedikation berücksichtigten.
Ergebnisse 808 der 1612 Entlassungsbriefe (50,1%) enthielten eine PPI-Empfehlung. Die Zuordnung zu den vier Hauptgruppen war wie folgt: (1) n=344 (42,6%); (2) n=115 (14,2%); (3) n=159 (19,7%); (4) n=190 (23,5%).
Schlussfolgerung PPI werden bei Entlassung (zu) häufig und teilweise unkritisch empfohlen. Daraus ergibt sich die Forderung nach einer besseren Schulung der Weiterbildungsassistenten und einer kritischen Durchsicht der Arztbriefe durch Ober- und Chefärzte. Selbst bei optimaler Umsetzung verbleiben noch in ca. 20% diskutable, nicht durch aktuelle Leitlinien abgesicherte Empfehlungen.
Rare Findings in Cleidocranial Dysplasia Caused by RUNX Mutation
Authors: Kalayci Yigin Aysel , Duz Mehmet Bugrahan , Seven Mehmet 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD, #MIM119600) is an autosomal-dominant skeletal dysplasia characterized by delayed closure of the cranial sutures, aplasia, or hypoplasia of the clavicles and dental abnormalities. These findings were accompanied by mobile and drooping shoulders, frontal and parietal bossing, hypertelorism, brachycephaly, short stature, supernumerary, and late erupting teeth. Radiographic studies can reveal involvement of multiple bones including skull, chest, pelvis, and limbs. CCD can be diagnosed with clinical and radiological evaluation and validated by molecular studies. Heterozygous loss of function RUNX2 gene, which plays an important role in osteogenesis and differentiation of precursor cells, causes CCD phenotype.
Methods In this article, we reported five cases from three unrelated families with CCD phenotype. All exons and exonic–intronic boundary regions of RUNX2 gene from five patients were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction amplification and direct Sanger-sequencing.
Results Our patients had classical CCD phenotype and we detected three different previously described mutations including c.1171C > T, IVS4 + 4delAAGT and c.676G > A. However, nail dysplasia has never been associated with these mutations. Our patients had varying degrees of nail dysplasia. Two of three mutations are related with Runt DNA-binding domain of RUNX2 protein in Wnt signaling and c.1171C > T had effect on proline/serine/threonine-rich (PST) domain. Recently, Wnt signaling pathway was presented as a key regulator of digit and nail differentiation. Our data suggest that RUNX2 gene may have an essential role on embryogenesis of nails, probably by protecting their integrity.