bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE RISK FACTORS OF TODDLERS’ STUNTING EVENTS WITHIN THE WORKING AREA OF COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTRE IN KELURAHAN KAPUAS KANAN HULU, SUNGAI DURIAN, SINTANG REGENCY
Authors: Juliansyah Elvi 
Published: January 2021

Chronic stunting or malnutrition refers to the form of growth failure. The short and the very short size of one’s body indicate nutritional status based on the body length index by age (PB / U) or the body height index by age (TB / U) which is synonymous to the terms stunted (short) and severely stunted (very short). There were 45 toddlers who suffered stunting in Kelurahan Kapuas Kanan Hulu Sintang Regency in 2018.. The purpose of this study was to determine the determinants of stunting in children under five in Kapuas Kanan Hulu Kelurahan, Sintang District. It was a quantitative study with a case control approach. The population in this study were 438 toddler mothers with a sample of 44 toddler mothers. The data were collected through a questionnaire-based interview. The present research found out that statistically there was a relationship between stunting events and the knowledge (p = 0.010), the attitude (p = 0.010), the practice (p = 0.019), the education (p = 0.019), the work (p = 0.009), and the family income (p = 0.049). It is recommended that the District Health Office and Sungai Durian Community Health Centre intervene with health promotion programs to increase knowledge, improve attitudes, and practices (actions) and work together with related institutions to improve family income.
Keywords: Stunting, Risk Factors, and Toddler.
Authors: Marwati Marwati , Salampe Mirnawati , Burhan Asril , Megawati Megawati , Khairuddin Khairuddin , Naneng A.Adi Al Ma’aridj , Oktaviani Nova 
Published: January 2021

Karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang digunakan sebagai obat tradisional yang banyak tersebar diseluruh Indonesia khususnya berasal Toraja, yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan dan antikanker dengan adanya kandungan senyawa fenolik dan flavanoid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat flavonoid total serta aktivitas antioksidan dan toksisitas ekstrak daun karamunting. Simplisia daun karamunting diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol 70%, pengujian aktivitas antioksidan diukur menggunakan microplet reader dan diuji toksisitasnya dengan metode BSLT. Hasi penelitian fenolik total 3,496% , Perolehan aktivitas antioksidan nilai IC50 ekstrak etanol daun karamunting sebesar 24,451 bpj dan Perolehan uji toksisitas nilai IC50 ekstrak etanol daun karamunting sebesar 31,80 bpj terhadap larva udang. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, ekstrak etanol daun karamunting masuk dalam kategori antivitas sangat kuat dengan range <50 % dan dinilai memiliki sifat toksisitas katogori sangant kuat.
Beyond the Leaky Pipeline: Developmental Pathways that Lead College Students to Join or Return to STEM Majors
Authors: Wu Jue , Uttal David 
Published: January 2021

STEM education researchers often invoke the “Leaky Pipeline” metaphor (National Research Council, 1986) when explaining why so many students do not persist in STEM. This metaphor envisions the supply of potential workers as a pipeline. Students “drip out” (leave STEM) of the pipeline from preschool through college. However, this metaphor does not adequately reflect the fluidity and multi-directionality of students’ decisions about their college majors. For example, some students join STEM after leaving another (non-STEM) major, and others add STEM as a second major. Increasing the number of students who join STEM could contribute substantially to addressing the STEM shortage. We used the term STEM joiners to refer to these students. We conducted a qualitative study of 22 college STEM joiners to explore the developmental trajectories and motivations of these STEM joiners. Data was collected through semi-structured clinical interviews with each individual and was analyzed by an iterative, grounded coding processes to derive themes and categories. We found that the decision to join STEM after declaring another major was often motivated by a desire to return to original interests in STEM. Early college STEM courses, supportive STEM environments, and mentoring experiences were critical in students’ joining decisions. The results suggest ways in which STEM joining could be increased, which could lead to an increase in the number of STEM majors.
MENJAGA KESEHATAN MENTAL DI TENGAH PANDEMI COVID-19 MELALUI TAZKIYATUN NAFS
Authors: Muhammad Mush'ab M  , Unik Hanifah Salsabila  , Annisa Dwi Mukarromah Hanindraswari  , Annisa’ A-syadza  , Vika Sarika  
Published: January 2021

Pandemi Covid-19 sangat gencar dikalangan dunia. Covid-19 ini merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh jenis corona virus baru yaitu Sars-CoV-2, yang dilaporkan pertama kali di Wuhan Tiongkok pada tanggal 31 Desenber 2019. Pada tanggal 30 Januari 2020 Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia menyatakan wabah Covid-19 adalah keadaan darurat kesehatan masyarakat perhatian Internasional. Datangnya Covid-19 di Indonesia sejak maret, pemerintah mengumumkan untuk bekerja dari rumah, belajar dari rumah, ibadah dari rumah agar dapat mengurangi penyebaran Covid-19. Virus Covid-19 berdampak langsung pada kesehatan fisik dan menjadi ancaman kesehatan mental yang sangat besar. Dengan aktivitas dirumah selama kurang lebih delapan bulan ini dapat mempengaruhi kejiwaan seseorang. Setiap masalah apapun yang dihadapi seorang muslim dikembalikan Al-Qur’an, As-Sunnah maupun Ijtihad para ulama yang menjadi acuan untuk mengobatinya. Tazkiyatun nafs merupakan metode banyak dikalangan ulama yang membahas tentang ilmu jiwa serta menyucikan dari berbagai masalah. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah studi pustaka melalui buku, jurnal, dan hasil penelitian lapangan yang dilakukan oleh peneliti sebelumnya yang relevan dengan penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa menjaga kesehatan mental melalui tazkiyatun nafs yang terdiri hati, pikiran, dan ruh terkontrol dengan baik akan menciptakan kualitas diri yang stabil, serta berlandaskan terhadap iman.
Carcinoma neuroendocrino primario de la glándula mamaria, reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Bonilla-González Carlos Eduardo , Russi-Noguera July Andrea , Gómez Carolina , Lasso Miller 
Published: January 2021

El carcinoma neuroendocrino primario de la glándula mamaria pertenece al grupo de tumores neuroendocrinos de la mama. Dada su baja incidencia, la mayor parte de la literatura se basa en series de casos, por lo tanto, su comportamiento biológico y pronóstico muestra resultados divergentes. Su característica principal es el hallazgo histopatológico de la expresión dual en el tumor de marcadores epiteliales y neuroendocrinos en mayor o menor grado que, en algunos casos, inclusive pueden coexistir en la misma célula. Se presenta el caso de una mujer con diagnóstico de carcinoma neuroendocrino de la mama, con una revisión de la literatura sobre las características clínicas y opciones de manejo.
Éditorial
Authors: L’équipe du journal Psycause  
Published: January 2021

Chère lectrice, cher lecteur,
Vous tenez entre vos mains (ou lisez sur votre écran) la première édition de la nouvelle orientation du Journal Psycause. Depuis près d’un an, toute l’équipe du journal travaille à ce changement de direction majeur. Désormais, le journal a comme mission de rendre accessible l’univers de la recherche aux étudiants de l’École de psychologie de façon rigoureuse et intéressante.
Biotechnology and the Socioeconomic Forms in Chinese Science Fiction
Authors: Zou Li 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Under the impact of technology globalization, cosmopolitan concerns about how futuristic technology transforms socioeconomic forms become important themes in contemporary Chinese science fiction narrative. After examining the role of clone and organ transplant technology in reshaping the bioeconomic mechanism in the fictional “J country” and the reproductive framework across the world in two example stories, namely, Wang Jinkang's “The Reincarnated Giant” and “The Last Love,” I argue that biotechnology in the Chinese science fiction reshapes the politics of life and power dynamics in the society and transforms the socioeconomic institutions from one based on shared understanding and values into an apparatus controlled by interest-oriented rationality and technology. Although these speculative discussions about the dystopia transformation of human society show the world consciousness of Chinese science fiction writers regarding their narrative space and theme, and moves Chinese science fiction from the category of regional literature to an integral part of world literature by offering critique on cosmopolitan concerns, their emphasis of global setting and characterization poses the threat of homogenizing national cultures.
The Alienation of Spaces in Future China: The Case of Hao Jingfang's Folding Beijing
Authors: Liao Wang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In the article, the author presents a critical reading of Hao Jingfang's Folding Beijing (2012), a work that deals with the dystopian future of Beijing and the city dwellers' living condition. Adopting the concepts of “abstract space” and “differential space” as theorized in Henri Lefebvre's work, the author argues that the alienation of urban space is manifested in the form of three abstract spaces, which leads to the homogeneity of landscape, human mentality, and the fragmentation of natural temporal cycle. Furthermore, Hao's depiction of future Beijing's urban structure is her inquiry into the social issues caused by the current technology-driven production method. The protagonist's metaphorical journey from Third Space to Second and First Space shows that people always struggle for a differential space filled with hope and love by transgressing and resisting the imposed borders and norms of their respective spaces.
A Method for Proficiency Testing of Small Peer Groups in the College of American Pathologists Coagulation Surveys
Authors: Cunningham Mark T. , Praestgaard Jens , Styer Patricia E. , Brandt John T. , Fairweather Robert B. , Laposata Michael , Olson John D. , Sosolik Randy C. , Triplett Douglas A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective.—To develop a grading scheme for the proficiency testing of small peer groups of fewer than 10 members for the prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT).
Methods.—A modified target value for small peer groups was derived based on the assumption that measurement variability in the PT and APTT is more greatly influenced by variations in reagents than in instruments. Criteria for grading were established by statistical simulation to achieve misclassification errors of less than 5% for both incorrectly passing and failing participants. College of American Pathologists Coagulation Survey data were analyzed to determine the number of additional laboratories graded using the proposed scheme, as well as the failure rates among participants in the small peer groups.
Results.—The modified target value for small peer groups is a weighted average between the mean of the peer group and the mean of all participants using the same reagent (reagent group). Peer groups with as few as 4 members can be graded provided that specific criteria are satisfied: there must be at least 5 peer groups for the same reagent, at least 3 of these 5 peer groups must have more than 3 members, and the coefficient of variation for the reagent group must be less than 10%. This proposed grading scheme decreased the number of ungraded laboratories by 44% to 46% for the PT and 42% to 55% for the APTT. The percentage of failing grades among participants in the small peer groups ranged from 1.3% to 4.1% for the PT and 1.4% to 7.2% for the APTT. These failure rates were 2.8- to 13.0-fold higher than the failure rates in large peer groups (P ≤ .05).
Conclusions.—The proposed small peer group grading scheme can improve the effectiveness of College of American Pathologists proficiency testing for the PT and APTT and may also be generally applicable to other test methods and analytes.
p53, c-erbB2, and PCNA Status in Benign, Proliferative, and Malignant Ovarian Surface Epithelial Neoplasms
Authors: Anreder Michael B. , Freeman Scott M. , Merogi Athir , Halabi Susan , Marrogi Aizen J. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Low malignant potential tumors of the ovary are believed to behave in a manner intermediate to their benign and malignant counterparts. However, recent evidence suggests these lesions are in fact benign and better classified as proliferative. Based on our previous work and evaluating p53, c-erbB2, and PCNA status in a full spectrum of ovarian surface epithelial tumors, with emphasis on low malignant potential tumors, we tested this hypothesis. Immunohistochemical stains with monoclonal antibodies were used on 75 archival ovarian neoplasms. The results demonstrated anti-p53 reactivity in 30 carcinomas (40%), 2 of which were proliferative, and no reactivity in the benign tumors. Overexpression of c-erbB2 was seen in 31 malignant neoplasms (64.5%), 4 of which were proliferative (22.1%), and none in benign tumors. The PCNA proliferative index showed means of 42.8%, 22.8%, and 14.9% with benign, low malignant potential, and malignant tumors, respectively. Predicting immunoreactivity in carcinomas for anti-PCNA (Student t test), anti-p53, and anti–c-erbB2 (Pearson χ2 test) versus a lack of immunoreactivity in proliferative tumors indicate P values of .001, &lt;.001, and &lt;.001, respectively. These data show significant differences in the expression of these markers in ovarian tumors and suggest a possible role for these oncogenes as supplemental tools in diagnostic pathology. Further, our findings also support the designation of proliferative as opposed to the current nomenclature of low malignant potential tumors.
Extensive Analysis of Mosaicism in a Case of Turner Syndrome
Authors: Park Jonathan P. , Brothman Arthur R. , Butler Merlin G. , Cooley Linda D. , Dewald Gordon W. , Lundquist Kurt F. , Palmer Catherine G. , Patil Shivanand R. , Rao Kathleen W. , Saikevych Irene A. , Schneider Nancy R. , Vance Gail H. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective.—To assemble and interpret karyotype data provided as part of the College of American Pathologists/American College of Medical Genetics Cytogenetics Proficiency Testing Program.
Data Sources, Extraction, and Synthesis.—The Cytogenetics Resource Committee requested data on all cells analyzed in a 1994 whole-blood specimen challenge. In that study, 287 participating laboratories analyzed a total of 14297 cells derived from a sample drawn from an adult donor with Turner syndrome. This individual had previously been found to have mosaicism, including cell lines with X structural anomalies along with monosomy X, making this an excellent challenge for a multicenter cytogenetic survey.
Results and Conclusions.—Analysis of the data from this extensive study revealed mosaicism of up to 10 different sex chromosome complements involving the X chromosome with and without a small ring X or a derivative X chromosome. In the routine cytogenetic analysis performed by the participating laboratories, cell lines observed, in decreasing order of prevalence, included 45,X (n = 8357 cells), 46,X,r(X) (n = 3597), 46,X,der(X)t(X;X) (n = 2237), 46,XX (n = 93), 47,X,r(X),r(X) (n = 5), 47,X,der(X)t(X;X),der(X)t(X;X) (n = 3), 47,XX,r(X) (n = 2), and one observation each of 47,XX,der(X)t(X;X), 47,X,der(X)t(X;X),r(X), and 47,XXX. Our molecular cytogenetic data, as well as detailed analysis of G-banded chromosomes, suggest the nomenclature for these 2 abnormal X chromosomes as r(X)(p11.3q21.3) and der(X)t(X;X)(p11.3;q21.3), and we discuss models for the concomitant formation of these 2 entities. Both the degree of analysis and the extensive mosaicism that was discovered in this study are exceptional, and similar reported cases as well as possible mechanisms for the observed X chromosome instability are reviewed.
Colorectal Polyps With Extensive Absorptive Enterocyte Differentiation
Authors: Yokoo Hidejiro , Usman M. Irtaza , Wheaton Susan , Kampmeier Patricia A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background.—The histologic classification of colorectal polyps is well established. However, practicing pathologists may still occasionally encounter colorectal polyps that are difficult to classify. We studied 6 colorectal polyps that showed uncommon histologic features that have not been described in the English language literature.
Materials and Methods.—The polyps were studied using standard hematoxylin-eosin stain, mucin histochemistry, and electron microscopy.
Results.—The 6 polyps we studied showed extensive papillary and villous structures with alternating villi and crypts. The villi were lined by well-differentiated absorptive cells, whereas the crypts were lined by immature glandular cells, thus mimicking the histology of the small intestinal mucosa.
Conclusions.—These polyps appear to represent a variant of the hyperplastic polyp, in as much as cellular maturation (immature glandular cells differentiate into the mature surface absorptive cells) is the essential feature distinguishing hyperplastic polyps from adenomas.
Performance Improvement in Transfusion Medicine: What Do Nurses Need and Want?
Authors: Mancini Mary Elizabeth 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Transfusion medicine is a complex process dependent on a variety of professionals interacting effectively and efficiently across time and distance. To perform safely, professionals depend on their own knowledge and skills, the knowledge and skills of others, and the overall effectiveness of operating systems. Nursing is an essential link in the process. To be effective, nurses need to practice in environments that recognize the importance of reducing error and improving safety through use of nonpunitive system approaches to analyzing near misses and errors. The “off-with-their-heads” approach must be eliminated. To increase efficiency, pathologists and nurses should collaborate on form development, evaluation, and implementation. Documentation regarding transfusions needs to be simplified and coordinated. Knowledgeable staff is an essential element of safe systems. Basic knowledge should never be assumed. Mechanisms to monitor knowledge of key processes along with ongoing feedback and remediation are necessary to maximize performance. Working together, nursing and transfusion specialists will improve transfusion services.
Performance Improvement in a Hospital Transfusion Service: The American Association of Blood Banks' Quality Systems Approach
Authors: Smith Dennis M. , Otter Jean 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Blood bankers have always embraced the concepts of quality exemplified by the American Association of Blood Banks' Standards for Blood Banks and Transfusion Services and its accreditation program. The emergence of a quality management system based on a set of quality system essentials represents a natural evolution of these quality initiatives. When fully implemented, a quality system provides a powerful tool with which to improve the quality of both intralaboratory and, importantly, extralaboratory processes related to transfusion medicine. In addition, a functional quality system enhances a transfusion service's ability to meet current and proposed requirements of the American Association of Blood Banks, the Food and Drug Administration, the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, and the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards.
Guiding the Decision to Transfuse: Interventions That Do and Do Not Work
Authors: Toy Pearl 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Guiding the decision to transfuse can improve transfusion practices. Effective processes must first identify problem(s) in transfusion practice and then include the attending physician as an educational target. Process improvements that have been shown to be effective include the following: (1) briefly meeting one-on-one with physicians, (2) teaching at scheduled conferences, (3) making daily clinical rounds of patients who receive transfusion, (4) concurrently reviewing orders for transfusion before issue of the blood product, and (5) installing algorithms and guidelines in the operating room. Transfusion practices improved with these process improvements.
Managed Care Organizations' Assessment of Reimbursement for New Technology, Procedures, and Drugs
Authors: Zarkowsky Harold 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Managed care organizations must establish formal processes for the evaluation of new technology, procedures, and drugs to enhance the quality of health care delivered and to support coverage and utilization decision making. Evidence-based research and the results of controlled clinical trials are the preferred sources of outcomes data to support the safety and effectiveness of the technology, procedure, or drug under review. In addition to extensive literature review, the opinion of experts in the field and acceptance by the medical community are considered. Assessments of new technology and drugs are available for purchase from several vendors, and managed care organizations can adopt or modify such evaluations to develop medical coverage policies. The research community can assist third-party payers by conducting studies on practices that might lead to substantial, rather than marginal, improvement in health, pay particular attention to study design when randomized controlled studies are not possible, and include functional and behavioral measures in analysis of outcomes.
The Use of Monoclonal Antibody R92F6 and Polymerase Chain Reaction to Confirm the Presence of Parvovirus B19 in Bone Marrow Specimens of Patients With Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: Vadlamudi G. , Rezuke W. N. , Ross J. W. , Cartun R. W. , Ackroyd R. , Knibbs D. R. , Tsongalis G. J. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background.—Parvovirus B19 infection is a cause of chronic anemia and red cell aplasia in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and in other immunocompromised hosts. Anemia in AIDS patients has a multifactorial etiology, with parvovirus B19 infection being an infrequent but nevertheless treatable cause. Therapy with intravenous immune globulin can result in rapid improvement of parvovirus-induced anemia. This treatment is expensive, therefore accurate and rapid confirmation of parvovirus infection is important in providing appropriate and cost-effective therapy.
Methods.—Bone marrow samples from 2 AIDS patients with severe anemia and reticulocytopenia were studied. Bone marrow morphology and serologic studies were evaluated for parvovirus B19 infection. An immunohistochemical method using a monoclonal antibody, R92F6, to B19 capsid proteins was utilized on decalcified, B5-fixed, paraffin-embedded bone marrow biopsies. Bone marrow aspirate cells were examined by electron microscopy for evidence of viral particles. In addition, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) studies using a nested PCR assay to the parvovirus B19 viral genome were performed in a case for which fresh cells were available.
Results.—Bone marrow findings included marked erythroid hypoplasia with characteristic giant pronormoblasts and intranuclear inclusions. Serologic studies were negative in one case, while the second case showed positive parvovirus B19 immunoglobulin M antibody. Immunohistochemical studies for parvovirus B19 were positive in both cases. The presence of intranuclear virions was demonstrated by electron microscopy and was confirmed by PCR analysis. Both patients were treated with intravenous immune globulin, and subsequent improvement was noted.
Conclusions.—Both immunohistochemistry and PCR studies on bone marrow specimens from AIDS patients with anemia are rapid and sensitive methods for the confirmation of parvovirus B19 infection. They are valuable tools, particularly when serologic studies are negative. When PCR is not available, immunohistochemical methods can be useful. The rapid confirmation of parvovirus B19 infection will allow for early and cost-effective therapy.