bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the methodological quality of studies on core outcome sets for respiratory diseases: A systematic review and meta-research study
Authors: Liu Mengjuan , Wang Jiajia , Wang Lu , Zhang Xinyi , Hao Ruiyu , Wang Duolao , Chen Tao , Li Jiansheng 
Published: January 2025

Background
With increasing attention to core outcome sets (COS), the number of studies on COS for respiratory diseases (COS-RD) is on the rise. However, the methodological quality is still unclear. Therefore, we conducted a study to assess the methodological quality of studies on COS-RD.

Methods
PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched for study protocols or original studies on COS-RD about adults, from their inception to February 23, 2024. The COMET database and Chinese databases (including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, Chongqing VIP database, and China Biology Medicine) were also searched as a supplement. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted the data, and assessed the methodological quality of included studies using the Core Outcome Set-STAndardised Protocol (COS-STAP) statement, the Core Outcome Set-STAndards for Development (COS-STAD) recommendations, and the Core Outcome Set-STAndards for Reporting (COS-STAR) statement.

Results
A total of 27 articles (five study protocols and 22 original studies, 26 studies) were included in this study. For the assessment of study protocols using the COS-STAP statement, the item with the lowest complete reporting rate was "missing data" (Item 9, 40.0%), while "description how outcomes may be dropped/combined, with reasons" (Item 5b, 60.0%) and "dissemination" (Item 11, 60.0%) had relatively low complete reporting rates. For the assessment of original studies using the COS-STAD recommendations, the item with the highest non-reporting rate was "care was taken to avoid ambiguity of language used in the list of outcomes" (Item 11, 45.5%), while "the population(s) covered by COS" (Item 3, 31.8%) and "the intervention(s) covered by COS" (Item 4, 31.8%) had relatively high non-reporting rate. When using the COS-STAR statement to assess the original studies, the item with the lowest complete reporting rate was "protocol deviations" (Item 11, 13.6%), while “describe how outcomes were dropped/combined, with reasons (if applicable)” (Item 6b, 36.4%), "participants" (Item 5, 40.9%), "ethics and consent" (Item 10, 54.5%), "protocol/registry entry" (Item 14, 63.6%), and “outcome scoring” (Item 8, 63.6%) had relatively low complete reporting rates.

Conclusion
The methodological quality of studies on COS-RD needs to be further improved. The appropriate use of aforementioned international reporting standards can advance the methodological quality and reporting transparency of studies on COS-RD.
Investigations of segmental arterial stiffness in a cross‐sectional study on young adult male trained swimmers, cyclists, and non‐trained men
Authors: Nishiwaki Masato , Kume Daisuke , Matsumoto Naoyuki 
Published: January 2025

AbstractContrary to cardiovascular risk reductions by aerobic exercise, arterial stiffness, as assessed by brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity (PWV), is higher in swimmers and controls than in other aerobically trained individuals. The main muscles actively recruited in swimming are in the upper limbs, so this study aimed to investigate heart‐brachial PWV in swimmers and to compare arterial stiffness indices between modes and measurement localities. Subjects comprised 60 individuals (18–22 years), including 20 untrained controls (Con), 20 aerobically trained cyclists (Aero), and 20 swimmers (Swim). Characteristics and strength did not differ, but peak oxygen uptake was significantly higher in Aero and Swim than in Con. Brachial‐ankle PWV was significantly lower in Aero than in Con and Swim and no significant difference was observed between Con and Swim (Con, 1070 ± 115; Aero, 916 ± 109; Swim, 1035 ± 91 cm/s). Nevertheless, heart‐brachial PWV was significantly lower in Swim than in Con and tended to be lower in Swim than in Aero (Con, 344 ± 25; Aero, 330 ± 41; Swim, 308 ± 31 cm/s). Heart‐ankle PWV was significantly lower in both Swim and Aero than in Con (Con, 618 ± 47; Aero, 580 ± 54; Swim, 576 ± 43 cm/s). Therefore, these findings indicate that swimmers can develop segment‐specific reductions in heart‐brachial arterial stiffness, unlike aerobically trained cyclists.
Short- to medium-term follow-up of normoponderal children and adolescents with subclinical hypothyroidism: a retrospective study of the last 15 years
Authors: Moreira Esteves Inês , Aldeia da Silva Rita , Oliveira Pereira Mariana , Portela Mariana , Marques Olinda , Martins Sofia , Antunes Ana , Mesquita Aurélio , Gomes Maria Miguel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is defined by elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels (>5 mUI/L) and normal total and free thyroxine levels (fT4). There is ongoing debate over whether mild SCH should be treated. This study aims to assess the clinical course of normoponderal pediatric patients with SCH.

Methods
Retrospective study, involving normoponderal children and adolescents with SCH, followed at the Pediatrics Department of Hospital de Braga, from December 2007 to December 2022.

Results
We identified 47 children and adolescents with confirmed SCH. No sex predominance was found. The median age at diagnosis was 11 years. Most cases were idiopathic (59.6 %) and diagnosed during puberty (57.5 %). The majority (46.8 %) experienced spontaneous remission, while 38.3 % required levothyroxine (LT) therapy. Discharged patients were followed for a median of 25 months. No significant differences were seen in body mass index z-score, fT4 levels, heart rate, blood pressure, or lipid parameters. Significant differences were found in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and LT dosage. Thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) positivity was significantly correlated with SCH’s natural history. Although initial TSH levels were not significantly associated with SCH’s natural course, they predict treatment need. Individuals with initial TSH levels >6.47 mUI/L were more likely to require therapy. In the third year of follow-up, a significant strong negative correlation was found between TSH levels and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Conclusions
SCH was self-limiting and benign in most cases. TPOAb positivity was a predictor of SCH’s natural history, and the need for treatment was predicted by initial TSH levels.
Geographies of discourse revisited
Authors: Jocuns Andrew , de Groot Freek Olaf 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study explores the role of Geographies of Discourse (GoD) (Scollon, Ron. 2013. Geographies of discourse: Action across layered spaces. In Ingrid De Saint-Georges & Jean-Jacques Weber (eds.), Multilingualism and multimodality: Current challenges for educational studies, 183–198. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers) in creating spaces for multilingualism. Building on work that examined the role of multimodality in civic participation (e.g., de Groot and Jocuns 2023. Multimodality as civic participation: The case of Thailand’s rap against dictatorship. Journal of Language and Politics 22(1). 107–128) we show how mapping, analyzing and connecting the multimodal geographies of discourse within language portraits and a mapping task in Kurdistan create insight into the historical, present and future linkages that create a network of mobile language repertoires. We discuss how geographies of discourse (GoD) emerged from how multilingualism in Iraqi Kurdistan map these GoD between the different material objects and create historical and future connections that emerge as small stories. Describing and mapping these intersections and transformations reifies Latour’s (2005. Reassembling the social: An introduction to actor-network-theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press) notion that neither the material nor the immaterial realizes these transformations or gives meaning to them, instead, the transformative actions and meanings indexed are situated in the social relationships between actors that produce these intersections. We argue that this way of understanding the complex networks of discourse practices that produce GoD is important presently when social interaction is situated in a nexus of online and offline spaces.
Origins and conservation of topological polarization defects in resonant photonic-crystal diffraction
Authors: Yin Xuefan , Inoue Takuya , Peng Chao , Noda Susumu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We present a continuative definition of topological charge to depict the polarization defects on any resonant diffraction orders in photonic crystal slab regardless they are radiative or evanescent. By using such a generalized definition, we investigate the origins and conservation of polarization defects across the whole Brillouin zone. We found that the mode crossings due to Brillouin zone folding contribute to the emergence of polarization defects in the entire Brillouin zone. These polarization defects eventually originate from the spontaneous symmetry breaking of line degeneracies fixed at Brillouin zone center or edges, or inter-band coupling caused by accidental Bloch band crossings. Unlike Bloch states, the polarization defects live and evolve in an unbound momentum space, obeying a local conservation law as a direct consequence of Stokes’ theorem, but the total charge number is countless.
Nonlinearity modeling for online estimation of industrial cooling fan speed subject to model uncertainties and state-dependent measurement noise
Authors: Peng Chao-Chung , Tsai Min-Che , Chen Tsai-Ying 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article presents an online speed estimation method for cooling fans in resource-limited embedded systems, considering modeling uncertainties and measurement noise. In the current thriving information technology era, monitoring the state of cooling fans is crucial, particularly for high-performance artificial intelligence server cabinets. Accurate fan speed estimation can be used not only to detect fan abnormalities but also for speed control-related applications. Several challenges arise in developing speed estimation algorithms, including state-dependent measurement noise variance, errors in nonlinear fan dynamic modeling, and uncertainties in parameter estimation. To address these issues, this study employs the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) algorithm, incorporating state-dependent noise modeling and mathematical modeling of parameter uncertainties. An UKF-based parameter update mechanism is developed to compensate for model uncertainties and estimation errors, improving the speed estimation accuracy. Simulation results indicate that the root-mean-square errors are reduced from 1.3393 with the traditional UKF to 0.7485 with the parameter update mechanism. Experimental verifications further validate the effectiveness of the proposed methods and strategies in addressing the challenges associated with speed estimation in cooling fans under uncertainties and noise interference.
A class of extended high-dimensional nonisospectral KdV hierarchies and symmetry
Authors: Wang Haifeng , Zhang Yufeng , Feng Binlu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We construct a new class of N-dimensional Lie algebras and apply them to integrable systems. In this paper, we obtain a nonisospectral KdV integrable hierarchy by introducing a nonisospectral problem. Then, a coupled nonisospectral KdV hierarchy is deduced by means of the corresponding higher-dimensional loop algebra. It follows that the K symmetries, τ symmetries, and their Lie algebra of the coupled nonisospectral KdV hierarchy are investigated. The bi-Hamiltonian structures of the both resulting hierarchies are derived by using the trace identity. Finally, we derive a multicomponent nonisospectral KdV hierarchy related to the N-dimensional loop algebra, which generalizes the coupled results to an arbitrary number of components.
La hibridación cultural de América. Breve revisión de Cornelius de Pauw y Javier Clavijero
Authors: Soto Rangel Laura Alicia 
Published: January 2025

El presente trabajo analiza las representaciones de América y los americanos en el siglo XVIII con base en los conceptos de hibridación cultural de García Canclini y de tradición de Ambrosio Velasco. La primera parte del estudio examina la hibridación del territorio americano según las dos ediciones de la Enciclopedia de Diderot, destacando la complejidad discursiva en torno al concepto del salvaje propuesto por Cornelius De Pauw. Posteriormente, se realiza una revisión crítica de las interpretaciones nacionalistas de Xavier Clavijero, cuestionando su supuesta defensa de los antiguos mexicanos a través del análisis de narrativas que entrelazan poderes hegemónicos e identidades invisibilizadas.
Notch2 Inhibition and Kidney Cyst Growth in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Ren Huiwen , Mu Chengsen , Wang Yuhan , Cheng Yuanyuan , Hou Yayan , Li Yizhe , Liu Na , Yin Zhuming , Xiong Hui , Chen Yupeng , Yang Tianxin , Yu Ying , Shen Yujun 
Published: January 2025

Key Points

Notch2 activation promotes kidney cyst growth.Silencing Notch2 ameliorated cyst growth in mice with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

Background
Notch signaling, a conserved mechanism of cell-to-cell communication, plays a crucial role in regulating cellular processes, such as proliferation and differentiation, in a context-dependent manner. However, the specific contribution of Notch signaling to the progression of polycystic kidney disease (PKD) remains unclear.

Methods
We investigated the changes in Notch signaling activity (Notch1–4) in the kidneys of patients with autosomal dominant PKD (ADPKD) and two ADPKD mouse models (early and late onset). Multiple genetic and pharmacologic approaches were used to explore Notch2 signaling during kidney cyst formation in PKD.

Results
Notch2 expression was significantly increased in the kidney tissues of patients with ADPKD and ADPKD mice. Targeted expression of Notch2 intracellular domain in renal epithelial cells resulted in cyst formation and kidney failure in neonatal and adult mice. Mechanistically, Notch2/Hey2 signaling promoted renal epithelial cell proliferation by driving the expression of the E26 transformation–specific homologous factor (Ehf). Depletion of Ehf delayed Notch2 intracellular domain overexpression–induced cyst formation and kidney failure in mice. A gain-of-function mutation in exon 34 of NOTCH2 (c.6426dupT), which caused PKD in patients with Hajdu–Cheney syndrome, accelerated cell growth in cultured human renal epithelial cells by activating HEY2/EHF signaling. Finally, ablation of Notch2 or treatment of a kidney-targeting nanoparticle carrying the liposome/Notch2–small interfering RNA complex, significantly suppressed kidney cyst growth in early-onset ADPKD mice.

Conclusions
Notch2 signaling promoted kidney cyst growth, partially by upregulating Ehf expression.
Age Differences in the Manifestation of Endurance Ability of Boys Karate Athletes
Authors: Marchenko Svitlana , Fedotov Bohdan 
Published: January 2025

Objectives. This research aims to determine the favourable age periods for endurance development among 7-11-year-old pupils who are engaged in initial karate training groups.

Materials and Methods. The research involved 75 boys 7-11 years old, divided into five age groups: 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 years old, with 15 participants per age group. The children's technical levels corresponded to the 10-9-8 Kyu (orange belt, orange with blue stripe, and blue). The children and their parents were informed about the features of the study and agreed to participate in the experiment. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of H.S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University (Kharkiv, Ukraine). The following research methods were used: study and analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observation, testing, pedagogical experiment, and methods of mathematical statistics.

Results. Statistically significant differences in the manifestation of local static power endurance of the hand muscles were observed in the groups of 7-8 and 8-9 years old (p = 0.001; p = 0.007). Differences in local dynamic power endurance of the hand muscles were found in the 8-9 years old group (p = 0.001), and in abdominal press endurance in the 8-9 and 9-10 years old groups (p=,001; p=,01). General cardiorespiratory endurance differences were observed in the 9-10-year-old group (p = 0.001). Differences in all tests between values of specified parameters in the 10-11-year-old samples were statistically insignificant (р > 0.05).

Conclusions. The favourable period for the development of general endurance in boys is between the ages of 8-9 and 9-10 years. At this age, it is important to start systematically and purposefully developing the aerobic abilities of pupils. Classes in the sports section of Kyokushinkai karate during extracurricular time will provide an opportunity to promote the development of general and special endurance and expand the range of motor skills.
Considering the Impact of Using Free-Body Diagram in Mechanics Problem-Solving on Improving Engineering Students’ Performance in Physics at a Selected Public University in Rwanda
Authors: Niyomufasha Theogene , Ntivuguruzwa Celestin , Mugabo Leon Rugema 
Published: January 2025

Background. Engineering students often struggle with physics problem-solving, especially mechanics problems, while teaching mechanics helps students predict motion and force impacts, enabling creative engineering design tasks. Problem-solving in mechanics involves using free-body diagrams, visual aids that identify objects and forces, determine appropriate approaches, and reduce information. The free-body diagram technique is crucial for understanding the principles of mechanics, as it helps distinguish between cause and effect, as well as focusing on the practical implementation of mechanics concepts.
Objectives. The current study aimed to examine the impact of free-body diagrams on engineering students’ physics performance at a selected public university in Rwanda, highlighting cognitive load theory and constructivist learning theory’s role in improving problem-solving abilities and understanding mechanics concepts.
Materials and methods. A sample of 68 students was purposively selected to participate in this study. Prior to the intervention, engineering students were given a pre-test to evaluate their ability to use free-body diagrams in solving mechanics problems. The experimental group underwent a four-week intervention, during which they were taught to draw free-body diagrams, identify external forces, and find force components. The data was collected through achievement tests and analyzed using Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS Statistics 25.
Results. The study findings revealed that incorporating free-body diagrams into mechanics problem-solving improved significantly (p < 0.001) engineering students’ performance in physics.
Conclusions. The study recommends incorporating free-body diagrams into the physics instructional curriculum to enhance student’ understanding of basic subjects, practice problem-solving skills, and offer extra support for struggling students. Further research is needed to ascertain the impact of this approach on other physics fields.
An Impossible Balance: Navigating Archival Work and Caregiving Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Marks Alexis Braun , Dreyer Rachael , Johnson Jennifer , Sweetser Michelle 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
This article examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on archival caregivers. The authors explore the effects that remote work arrangements had on archivists; how time-shifting and flexible schedules helped to mitigate the negative impacts the pandemic had on work priorities, caregiving obligations, and interruptions that affected work-life balance; and how pressure to return to on-site work locations altered the tenuous systems archivists erected during the pandemic to manage these competing priorities. A mixed-methods study revealed that managers, leaders, and supervisors at every level of an organization have the power and influence to directly impede or improve both the work and caregiving load borne by the archival workers in their reporting lines. The manager-to-archivist relationship and its impact on care providers extends beyond the COVID-19 pandemic and necessitates a more holistic approach to resources and tools needed to build on and create sustainable relationships of care for archival workers.
Representações sociais do ser professor para estudantes, concluintes do ensino médio
Authors: Mendes Mayara Correa Silva , Machado Laêda Bezerra 
Published: January 2025

Neste artigo identificamos, as representações sociais do ser professor construídas por estudantes, concluintes do Ensino Médio. Adotamos como referencial a Teoria das Representações Sociais. Realizamos um levantamento (on-line) com 90 estudantes de escolas públicas e privadas situadas em Recife e outros municípios de Pernambuco. Utilizamos um questionário que foi respondido através do google forms. Os resultados indicaram que, para os estudantes de escolas públicas o professor é representado como um profissional que, além de ensinar, incentiva o desenvolvimento acadêmico e estabelece de relações afetivas dos alunos. De modo semelhante, os estudantes, matriculados em escolas privadas revelam representações sociais do professor como um sujeito que ensina e interage com seus alunos nas escolas. Como variações das representações sociais do grupo investigado, constatamos que os estudantes de escolas privadas ressaltam a importância do professor para a formação dos demais profissionais e a desvalorização social dessa categoria. Por seu turno, os estudantes de escolas públicas revelaram vínculos mais sólidos de amizade e companheirismo com os professores que, para eles, são fontes de inspiração. Constatamos, ainda, que a precarização da docência tem contribuído para afastar dos jovens o desejo de se tornarem professores. Os achados da pesquisa sugerem o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas mais incisivas que prestigiem e incentivem a profissão docente.
In Silico Identification of Banana High-Confidence MicroRNA Binding Sites Targeting Banana Streak GF Virus
Authors: Ashraf Muhammad Aleem , Ali Babar , Fareed Maryam , Sardar Ahsan , Saeed Eisha , Islam Samaa , Bano Shaher , Yu Naitong 
Published: January 2025

Banana streak GF virus (BSGFV) is the extremely dangerous monopartite badnavirus (genus, Badnavirus; family, Caulimoviridae) of banana (Musa acuminata AAA Group) that imposes a serious threat to global banana production. The BSGFV causes a devastating pandemic in banana crops, transmitted by deadly insect pest mealybug vectors and replicate through an RNA intermediate. The BSGFV is a reverse-transcribing DNA virus that has a monopartite open circular double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genome with a length of 7325 bp. RNA interference (RNAi) is a natural mechanism that has revolutionized target gene regulation of various organisms to combat virus infection. The current study aims to locate the potential target binding sites of banana-encoded microRNAs (mac-miRNAs) on the BSGFV dsDNA-encoded mRNAs, based on three algorithms, RNA22, RNAhybrid and TAPIR. Mature banana (2n = 3x = 33) miRNAs (n = 32) were selected and hybridized to the BSGFV genome (MN296502). Among the 32 targeted mature locus-derived mac-miRNAs investigated, two banana mac-miRNA homologs (mac-miR162a and mac-miR172b) were identified as promising naturally occurring biomolecules, to have binding affinity at nucleotide positions 5502 and 9 of the BSGFV genome. The in silico banana genome-encoded mac-miRNA/mbg-miRNA-regulatory network was developed with the BSGFV— ORFs using Circos software to identify potential therapeutic target proteins. Therefore, the current work provides useful biological material and opens a new range of opportunities for generating BSGFV-resistant banana plants through genetic manipulation of the selected miRNAs.