bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incentives to Discover Talent
Authors: Brünner Tobias , Friebel Guido , Holden Richard , Prasad Suraj 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We study an agent’s incentives to discover where her talents lie before putting them to productive use. In our setting, an agent can specialize and learn about the same type of talent repeatedly, or experiment and learn about different types of talent. While experimentation is efficient for a range of distributions of talent and initial signals, labor-market institutions play a crucial role for individual incentives to experiment. Institutions that give the agent sufficiently large bargaining power, provide incentives for experimentation, but for weak bargaining power, agents specialize. We also look at how competition in the labor market, human capital accumulation, and correlation across talents affect incentives to experiment. (JEL codes: D83; J24; J42)
Parenting and Psychological Health in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes: Systematic Review
Authors: Trojanowski Paige J , Niehaus Claire E , Fischer Sarah , Mehlenbeck Robyn 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveType 1 diabetes (T1D) is a demanding chronic illness that may result in poorer psychological health in youth. Fortunately, certain parenting practices may be protective against adverse outcomes. However, a systematic review of these relationships in youth with T1D is lacking. Thus, the current systematic review examined the literature on parenting and child psychological health outcomes (both internalizing and externalizing symptoms) in youth with T1D. Particular attention is paid to how demographic factors are associated with these relationships.MethodsPRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews were followed, and a literature search (PubMed, PsycINFO, and CINAHL) was conducted for studies of youth with T1D that examined the relationship between specific parenting practices or characteristics of the parent–child relationship and youth (&lt;19 years old) internalizing or externalizing symptoms. Forty studies met inclusion criteria. Studies were examined for risk of bias.ResultsResults support that family conflict, critical parenting, support, involvement, and relationship quality are associated with psychological health outcomes in youth with T1D, with some associations varying by parent gender, child age, demographic factors, and internalizing versus externalizing outcomes.ConclusionsFindings highlight the importance of bolstering supportive parenting and decreasing family conflict to improve psychological health in this population. Gaps in the literature related to the dearth of father and secondary caregiver report, lack of sample diversity and attention to the influence of demographic factors, and a limited number of studies examining anxiety were identified. Directions for future research and clinical implications are discussed.
A C-terminal encoded peptide, ZmCEP1, is essential for kernel development in maize
Authors: Xu Ruibin , Li Yufeng , Sui Zhipeng , Lan Tianyu , Song Wanjun , Zhang Ming , Zhang Yirong , Xing Jiewen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
C-terminal encoded peptides (CEPs) are peptide hormones which act as mobile signals coordinating important developmental programs. Previous studies have unraveled that CEPs are able to regulate plant growth and abiotic stress via cell-to-cell communication in Arabidopsis and rice; however, little is known about their roles in maize. Here, we examined the spatiotemporal expression pattern of ZmCEP1 and showed that ZmCEP1 is highly expressed in young ears and tassels of maize, particularly in the vascular bundles of ears. Heterologous expression of ZmCEP1 in Arabidopsis results in smaller plants and seed size. Similarly, overexpression of ZmCEP1 in maize decreased the plant and ear height, ear length, kernel size, and 100-kernel weight. Consistently, exogenous application of the synthesized ZmCEP1 peptide to the roots of Arabidopsis and maize inhibited root elongation. Knock-out of ZmCEP1 through CRISPR/Cas9 significantly increased plant and ear height, kernel size and 100-kernel weight. Transcriptome analysis revealed that knock-out of ZmCEP1 up-regulated a subset of genes involved in nitrogen metabolism, nitrate transport, sugar transport and auxin response. Thus, these results provide new insights into the genetic and molecular function of ZmCEP1 in regulating kernel development and plant growth, providing novel opportunities for maize breeding.
Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Injuries in New Zealand Army Recruits as Defined by Physical Therapy Service Presentations
Authors: Hall Narelle , Constantinou Maria , Brown Mark , Beck Belinda , Kuys Suzanne 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Army recruit injuries occurring during basic training can lead to high personal and organizational burdens potentially threatening deployment capability. Previous military surveillance describing recruit injury as defined by physical therapy presentations is limited to 1-year duration or includes only male infantry recruits or trained personnel. Research describing injury incidence and trends specific to New Zealand Army basic training recruits over a longer period will better inform future injury prevention programs.

Aims
To identify the incidence and patterns of injuries reported from physical therapy presentations for New Zealand Army recruits undertaking basic training over a 4-year period.

Materials and Methods
This retrospective observational study identified injuries from physical therapy service presentations in New Zealand Army recruits from 2008 to 2011. All male and female New Zealand Army recruits who presented to physical therapy, following medical triage, were included. Recruit physical therapy presentations for injury and respiratory and other conditions were collated. Injury incidence was grouped by body region (upper limbs, lower limbs, and combined spinal regions) and site (joint or segment), and cumulative and injury incidence rates were calculated.

Results
One thousand eight hundred and ninety-six (1,697 males and 199 females) New Zealand Army recruits commenced basic training between 2008 and 2011. One thousand six hundred and eighty-three physical therapy presentations occurred for recruit injury during New Zealand Army basic training over 4 years. Lower limb injuries accounted for over 75% (n = 1,285) of the overall demand for physical therapy service during recruit basic training. Injuries sustained at the knee and below accounted for 67% of all reported injury presentations.

Conclusion
Four years of injury surveillance using physical therapy presentations identified the lower limb, with the knee and below as the most commonly injured regions in New Zealand Army recruits. Injury prevention interventions for New Zealand Army recruits should aim to reduce lower limb injuries. Future research on injury surveillance would benefit from incorporating clear injury and severity definitions, established injury classification systems, and standardized incidence calculations.
The fidelity of DNA replication, particularly on GC-rich templates, is reduced by defects of the Fe–S cluster in DNA polymerase δ
Authors: Kiktev Denis A , Dominska Margaret , Zhang Tony , Dahl Joseph , Stepchenkova Elena I , Mieczkowski Piotr , Burgers Peter M , Lujan Scott , Burkholder Adam , Kunkel Thomas A , Petes Thomas D 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Iron-sulfur clusters (4Fe–4S) exist in many enzymes concerned with DNA replication and repair. The contribution of these clusters to enzymatic activity is not fully understood. We identified the MET18 (MMS19) gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a strong mutator on GC-rich genes. Met18p is required for the efficient insertion of iron-sulfur clusters into various proteins. met18 mutants have an elevated rate of deletions between short flanking repeats, consistent with increased DNA polymerase slippage. This phenotype is very similar to that observed in mutants of POL3 (encoding the catalytic subunit of Pol δ) that weaken binding of the iron-sulfur cluster. Comparable mutants of POL2 (Pol ϵ) do not elevate deletions. Further support for the conclusion that met18 strains result in impaired DNA synthesis by Pol δ are the observations that Pol δ isolated from met18 strains has less bound iron and is less processive in vitro than the wild-type holoenzyme.
Brief trauma therapy for occupational trauma-related PTSD/CPTSD in UK police
Authors: Biggs C , Tehrani N , Billings J 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Police are frequently exposed to occupational trauma, making them vulnerable to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other mental health conditions. Through personal and occupational trauma police are also at risk of developing Complex PTSD (CPTSD), associated with prolonged and repetitive trauma. Police Occupational Health Services require effective interventions to treat officers experiencing mental health conditions, including CPTSD. However, there is a lack of guidance for the treatment of occupational trauma.

Aims
To explore differences in demographics and trauma exposure between police with CPTSD and PTSD and compare the effectiveness of brief trauma-focused therapy between these diagnostic groups.

Methods
Observational cohort study using clinical data from the Trauma Support Service, providing brief trauma-focused therapy for PTSD (cognitive behavioural therapy/eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) to UK police officers. Demographics, trauma exposure, baseline symptom severity and treatment effectiveness were compared between police with PTSD and CPTSD. Changes in PTSD, depression and anxiety symptoms were used to measure treatment effectiveness.

Results
Brief trauma therapy reduced symptoms of PTSD, depression and anxiety. Treatment effectiveness did not differ between CPTSD and PTSD groups. Police with CPTSD exposed to both primary and secondary occupational trauma had poorer treatment outcomes than those exposed to a single occupational trauma type.

Conclusions
Brief trauma-focused interventions are potentially effective in reducing symptoms of PTSD, depression and anxiety in police with CPTSD and PTSD. Further research is needed to establish whether additional CPTSD symptoms (affect dysregulation, self-perception and relational difficulties) are also reduced.
Evidence of False Positivity forVibrioSpecies Tested by Gastrointestinal Multiplex PCR Panels, Minnesota, 2016–2018
Authors: Decuir Marijke , Fowler Randal C , Cebelinski Elizabeth , Smith Kirk , Boxrud David , Medus Carlota 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundSyndromic gastrointestinal multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) panels (GMPPs) are used by an increasing number of clinical laboratories to identify enteric pathogens. Vibrio species are included on GMPPs, but because of the low prevalence of vibriosis, performance characteristics for these panels have been difficult to measure.MethodsAll Vibrio spp. cases identified by GMPPs in Minnesota during 2016–2018 (n = 100) were assessed to identify differences between culture-confirmed cases and those that were PCR-positive only.ResultsOverall, 47% of cases had Vibrio species recovered by culture. Two GMPPs were used in Minnesota, Verigene EPT and FilmArray GIP, and the recovery rate of Vibrio spp. was significantly different between these platforms (Verigene EPT 63%, compared with FilmArray GIP 28%). No distinct seasonality was identified among GMPP-positive, culture-negative cases, whereas culture-confirmed case incidence peaked during July and August. Among cases with no other pathogen detected by the GMPP, confirmed cases reported a lower rate of bloody diarrhea (odds ratio [OR], 0.7; P = .004) and were less likely to have a symptom duration &gt;14 days (OR, 0.3; P = .04). Confirmed cases were also more likely to include reports of consuming food items typically associated with Vibrio spp. infection or to have another likely source of infection (eg, international travel or contact with an untreated body of fresh or salt water or marine life; OR, 9.6; P = .001).ConclusionsThe combined findings indicate that cases identified by GMPP that did not have culture confirmation were less likely to include symptoms or exposures consistent with vibriosis. These findings emphasize the need for improvements to testing platform specificity and the importance of combining clinical and exposure information when diagnosing an infection. This study underscores the importance of maintaining the ability to culture Vibrio species to aid in accurate diagnoses.
A Prospective Study of Cytomegalovirus-Specific Cell-Mediated Immune Monitoring and Cytomegalovirus Infection in Patients With Active Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Receiving Immunosuppressants
Authors: Bruminhent Jackrapong , Autto Suphanan , Rotjanapan Porpon , Ngarmjanyaporn Pintip , Bushyakanist Asalaysa , Kirdlarp Suppachok , O-charoen Pichaya , Setthaudom Chavachol , Pisitkun Prapaporn 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
The effects of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific cell-mediated immunity (CMI) on CMV infection in patients with autoimmune diseases receiving immunosuppressants have not been explored.

Methods
Patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were preemptively monitored for clinically significant CMV infection (CsCMVI; defined as plasma CMV DNA loads &gt;3 log10 IU/mL). CMV-specific CMI was assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (QuantiFERON-CMV [QF]) before as well as 1 and 3 months after intense immunosuppressive therapy.

Results
The study included 55 patients with active SLE; patients were a mean age (SD) of 34 (13) years and had a median SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 score (SD) of 14 (8), and 93% were female. Most patients had renal involvement (67%), received methylprednisolone (93%), and were CMV-seropositive (95%). Thirteen (23.6%) patients developed CsCMVI. Among patients with active SLE who were QF-negative (QF–) and QF-positive (QF+) before receiving immunosuppressive therapy, 28.6% and 25% developed CsCMVI, respectively (P = .69). However, 1 month postimmunosuppression, more QF– than QF+ patients developed CsCMVI (44.4% vs 11.8%; P = .03; adjusted hazard ratio, 4.97; 95% CI, 1.07–23.10; P = .04).

Conclusions
Patients with active SLE and low CMV-specific T-cell responses could develop CMV infection after receiving immunosuppressants. Further studies should focus on CMV-specific CMI among patients with autoimmune diseases.
Gastrointestinal Histoplasmosis Mimicking Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Shojaei Esfandiar , Walsh Joanna C , Sangle Nikhil , Yan Brian , Silverman Michael S , Hosseini-Moghaddam Seyed M 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDisseminated histoplasmosis is a life-threatening disease usually seen in immunocompromised patients living in endemic areas. We present an apparently immunocompetent patient with gastrointestinal histoplasmosis who was initially diagnosed with biopsy-proven Crohn’s disease. Following discontinuation of anti-inflammatory drugs and institution of antifungal therapy, his gastrointestinal illness completely improved. Specific fungal staining should be routinely included in histopathologic assessment of tissue specimens diagnosed as Crohn’s disease.
Early Stepdown From Echinocandin to Fluconazole Treatment in Candidemia: A Post Hoc Analysis of Three Cohort Studies
Authors: Moreno-García E , Puerta-Alcalde P , Gariup G , Fernández-Ruiz M , López Cortés L E , Cuervo G , Salavert M , Merino P , Machado M , Guinea J , García-Rodríguez J , Garnacho-Montero J , Cardozo C , Peman J , Montejo M , Fortún J , Almirante B , Castro C , Rodríguez-Baño J , Aguado J M , Martínez J A , Carratalà J , Soriano A , Garcia-Vidal C 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
There are no clear criteria for antifungal de-escalation after initial empirical treatments. We hypothesized that early de-escalation (ED) (within 5 days) to fluconazole is safe in fluconazole-susceptible candidemia with controlled source of infection.

Methods
This is a multicenter post hoc study that included consecutive patients from 3 prospective candidemia cohorts (2007–2016). The impact of ED and factors associated with mortality were assessed.

Results
Of 1023 candidemia episodes, 235 met inclusion criteria. Of these, 54 (23%) were classified as the ED group and 181 (77%) were classified as the non-ED group. ED was more common in catheter-related candidemia (51.9% vs 31.5%; P = .006) and episodes caused by Candida parapsilosis, yet it was less frequent in patients in the intensive care unit (24.1% vs 39.2%; P = .043), infections caused by Nakaseomyces glabrata (0% vs 9.9%; P = .016), and candidemia from an unknown source (24.1% vs 47%; P = .003). In the ED and non-ED groups, 30-day mortality was 11.1% and 29.8% (P = .006), respectively. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (odds ratio [OR], 3.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.48–10.61), Pitt score &gt; 2 (OR, 4.39; 95% CI, 1.94–9.20), unknown source of candidemia (OR, 2.59; 95% CI, 1.14–5.86), candidemia caused by Candida albicans (OR, 3.92; 95% CI, 1.48–10.61), and prior surgery (OR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.08–0.97) were independent predictors of mortality. Similar results were found when a propensity score for receiving ED was incorporated into the model. ED had no significant impact on mortality (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.16–1.53).

Conclusions
Early de-escalation is a safe strategy in patients with candidemia caused by fluconazole-susceptible strains with controlled source of bloodstream infection and hemodynamic stability. These results are important to apply antifungal stewardship strategies.
LARP6C orchestrates posttranscriptional reprogramming of gene expression during hydration to promote pollen tube guidance
Authors: Billey Elodie , Hafidh Said , Cruz-Gallardo Isabel , Litholdo Celso G. , Jean Viviane , Carpentier Marie-Christine , Picart Claire , Kumar Vinod , Kulichova Katarina , Maréchal Eric , Honys David , Conte Maria R. , Deragon Jean-Marc , Bousquet-Antonelli Cécile 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that posttranscriptional regulation is a key player in the transition between mature pollen and the progamic phase (from pollination to fertilization). Nonetheless, the actors in this messenger RNA (mRNA)-based gene expression reprogramming are poorly understood. We demonstrate that the evolutionarily conserved RNA-binding protein LARP6C is necessary for the transition from dry pollen to pollen tubes and the guided growth of pollen tubes towards the ovule in Arabidopsis thaliana. In dry pollen, LARP6C binds to transcripts encoding proteins that function in lipid synthesis and homeostasis, vesicular trafficking, and polarized cell growth. LARP6C also forms cytoplasmic granules that contain the poly(A) binding protein and possibly represent storage sites for translationally silent mRNAs. In pollen tubes, the loss of LARP6C negatively affects the quantities and distribution of storage lipids, as well as vesicular trafficking. In Nicotiana benthamiana leaf cells and in planta, analysis of reporter mRNAs designed from the LARP6C target MGD2 provided evidence that LARP6C can shift from a repressor to an activator of translation when the pollen grain enters the progamic phase. We propose that LARP6C orchestrates the timely posttranscriptional regulation of a subset of mRNAs in pollen during the transition from the quiescent to active state and along the progamic phase to promote male fertilization in plants.
Fatty acid export protein BnFAX6 functions in lipid synthesis and axillary bud growth in Brassica napus
Authors: Huang Ke-Lin , Tian Jing , Wang Huan , Fu Yi-Fan , Li Yang , Zheng Yong , Li Xue-Bao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Sugar is considered as the primary regulator of plant apical dominance, whereby the outgrowth of axillary buds is inhibited by the shoot tip. However, there are some deficiencies in this theory. Here, we reveal that Fatty Acid Export 6 (BnFAX6) functions in FA transport, and linoleic acid or its derivatives acts as a signaling molecule in regulating apical dominance of Brassica napus. BnFAX6 is responsible for mediating FA export from plastids. Overexpression of BnFAX6 in B. napus heightened the expression of genes involved in glycolysis and lipid biosynthesis, promoting the flow of photosynthetic products to the biosynthesis of FAs (including linoleic acid and its derivatives). Enhancing expression of BnFAX6 increased oil content in seeds and leaves and resulted in semi-dwarf and increased branching phenotypes with more siliques, contributing to increased yield per plant relative to wild-type. Furthermore, decapitation led to the rapid flow of the carbon from photosynthetic products to FA biosynthesis in axillary buds, consistent with the overexpression of BnFAX6 in B. napus. In addition, free FAs, especially linoleic acid, were rapidly transported from leaves to axillary buds. Increasing linoleic acid in axillary buds repressed expression of a key transcriptional regulator responsible for maintaining bud dormancy, resulting in bud outgrowth. Taken together, we uncovered that BnFAX6 mediating FA export from plastids functions in lipid biosynthesis and in axillary bud dormancy release, possibly through enhancing linoleic acid level in axillary buds of B. napus.
Motor adaptation and internal model formation in a robot-mediated forcefield
Authors: Taga Myriam , Curci Annacarmen , Pizzamigglio Sara , Lacal Irene , Turner Duncan L , Fu Cynthia H Y 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Motor adaptation relies on error-based learning for accurate movements in changing environments. However, the neurophysiological mechanisms driving individual differences in performance are unclear. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-evoked potential can provide a direct measure of cortical excitability.

Objective
To investigate cortical excitability as a predictor of motor learning and motor adaptation in a robot-mediated forcefield.

Methods
A group of 15 right-handed healthy participants (mean age 23 years) performed a robot-mediated forcefield perturbation task. There were two conditions: unperturbed non-adaptation and perturbed adaptation. TMS was applied in the resting state at baseline and following motor adaptation over the contralateral primary motor cortex (left M1). Electroencephalographic (EEG) activity was continuously recorded, and cortical excitability was measured by TMS-evoked potential (TEP). Motor learning was quantified by the motor learning index.

Results
Larger error-related negativity (ERN) in fronto-central regions was associated with improved motor performance as measured by a reduction in trajectory errors. Baseline TEP N100 peak amplitude predicted motor learning (P = 0.005), which was significantly attenuated relative to baseline (P = 0.0018) following motor adaptation.

Conclusions
ERN reflected the formation of a predictive internal model adapted to the forcefield perturbation. Attenuation in TEP N100 amplitude reflected an increase in cortical excitability with motor adaptation reflecting neuroplastic changes in the sensorimotor cortex. TEP N100 is a potential biomarker for predicting the outcome in robot-mediated therapy and a mechanism to investigate psychomotor abnormalities in depression.
When Shareholders Disagree: Trading after Shareholder Meetings
Authors: Li Sophia Zhengzi , Maug Ernst , Schwartz-Ziv Miriam 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper analyzes how trading after shareholder meetings changes the composition of the shareholder base. Analyzing daily trades, we find that mutual funds reduce their holdings if their votes are opposed to the voting outcome. Trading volume is high even when stock prices do not change, peaks on the meeting date, and remains high up to four weeks after shareholder meetings. The results support models based on differences of opinion that predict that shareholders’ beliefs may diverge more after observing voting outcomes. Hence, trading after meetings creates a more homogeneous shareholder base, which has important implications for corporate governance.