bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation between 3D scanner image and MRI for tracking volume changes in head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Kim Jung‐in , Chung Joo‐Hyun , Kwon Ohyun , Min Park Jong , Wu Hong‐Gyun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionWe investigated the correlation between optical surface imaging using a three‐dimensional (3D) scanner and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for suggesting feasibility in the clinical process of tracking volume changes in head and neck patients during radiation treatment.MethodsTen patients were divided into two groups depending on the location of their tumor (i.e., right or left side). With weekly imaging data, the change in volume based on MRI was evaluated during the treatment course. Four volumes of interest (VOIs) were calculated on the 3D surface image of the facial and cervical areas using an optical 3D scanner, and the correlation between volumetric parameters were analyzed.ResultsThe target volume changed significantly overall for both groups. The changes parotid volume reduced by up to 3.8% and 28.0% for groups A (right side) and B (left side), respectively. In Group A, VOI 1 on the facial area and VOI 3 on the cervical area decreased gradually during the treatment course by up to 3.3% and 10.7%, respectively. In Group B, only VOI 4 decreased gradually during the treatment course and reduced by up to 9.2%. In group A, the change in target volume correlated strongly with right‐side parotid, VOI 1, and VOI 3, respectively. The parotid also showed strong correlations with VOIs (P < 0.01). The weight loss was strongly correlated with either PTV or parotid without statistical significance (P > 0.05). In group B (left side), the change in target volume correlated strongly with each volumetric parameter, including weight loss. For individual patient, PTV showed more correlation with VOIs on the cervical area than VOIs on the facial area.ConclusionsAn optical 3D scanner can be applied to track changes in volume without radiation exposure during treatment and the optical surface image correlated with MRI.
The prevalence effect in fingerprint identification: Match and non‐match base‐rates impact misses and false alarms
Authors: Growns Bethany , Kukucka Jeff 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe prevalence effect is a phenomenon whereby target prevalence impacts performance in visual search (e.g., baggage screening) and visual comparison (e.g., face‐matching) tasks – people more often 'miss' infrequent target stimuli. The current study investigated prevalence effects in fingerprint identification – an important visual comparison task used in criminal investigations. Participants (N = 287) judged 100 fingerprint pairs where the prevalence of match trials was either 10% (low), 50% (equal), or 90% (high), and half received trial‐level feedback on their performance. As predicted, low match prevalence increased errors on match trials (i.e., misses), whereas high match prevalence errors on non‐match trials (i.e., false alarms) – but only when participants received feedback. These effects were largely driven by changes in bias (C), rather than sensitivity (d’). These results suggest that the combination of feedback and match prevalence can impact the types of errors that fingerprint examiners may make in practice.
Testing the seductive details effect: Does the format or the amount of seductive details matter?
Authors: Wang Zhe , Ardasheva Yuliya , Carbonneau Kira , Liu Qinglong 
Published: February 2021

SummaryA body of research indicates that the inclusion of seductive details in instructional materials negatively impacts learning. However, there is scant research that examines the format and the amount of seductive details as potential moderating factors across multiple learning outcomes. In two studies, one focused on seductive pictures and one on seductive text, we examined whether the amount of seductive details influenced learning performance on several outcomes. Experiment 1 participants were 88 middle school students (68% female,Mage= 17.45 years) randomly assigned to no‐seductive‐images (n= 30), single‐seductive‐image‐per‐screen (n= 30), and multiple‐seductive‐images‐per‐screen (n= 28) conditions. In Experiment 2 focused on seductive text, participants were 93 middle school students (61% female;Mage= 17.26 years) randomly assigned to no‐seductive‐details (n= 33), short‐seductive‐details (n= 33), and long‐seductive‐details (n= 30) conditions. Across experiments, we collected data on situational interest, cognitive load, retention, and transfer as well as judgments of learning, distraction, and learning‐related emotions. Findings showed that students learning with longer seductive text (but not multiple images) significantly outperformed those learning with shorter‐text or no‐seductive‐details in terms of transfer. This study highlights the importance of exploring seductive details in relation to both the format of presentation and the amount of seductive details.
Inhibition of Manganese Dissolution in Mn2O3 Cathode with Controllable Ni2+ Incorporation for High‐Performance Zinc Ion Battery
Authors: Zhang Dongdong , Cao Jin , Zhang Xinyu , Insin Numpon , Wang Shanmin , Han Jiantao , Zhao Yusheng , Qin Jiaqian , Huang Yunhui 
Published: February 2021

AbstractManganese‐based materials are considered potential cathode materials for aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs). However, the dissolution of manganese leading to an abrupt decline of capacity and the sluggish electrochemical reaction kinetics are still the main bottlenecks restricting their further development. Herein, a NiMn‐layered double hydroxide‐derived Ni‐doped Mn2O3 (NM) is developed to suppress the dissolution of manganese. The incorporation of Ni2+ can promote electronic rearrangement and enhance the conductivity, ultimately improving the reaction kinetics and electrochemical performance of the NM. Moreover, the doped Ni2+ can effectively stabilize the MnO bond of Mn2O3 by reducing the formation energy. In addition, the storage mechanism based on the simultaneous insertion and transformation of H+ and Zn2+ is demonstrated. Interestingly, the Ni‐doped Mn2O3 shows a high specific capacity of 252 mAh g–1 (0.1 A g–1), three times more than the pure Mn2O3 (72 mAh g–1). The capacity retention (≈85.6% over 2500 cycles at 1.0 A g–1) is also more excellent when comparing with the Mn2O3 cathode (≈49.7%). Significantly, an ultra‐high energy density of 327.6 Wh kg–1 has been achieved using Ni‐doped Mn2O3 cathode, which suggests that the synergistic effect of manganese and other transition metal ions provide a promising strategy for future development of ZIBs.
Supraparticles for Sustainability
Authors: Wintzheimer Susanne , Reichstein Jakob , Groppe Philipp , Wolf Andreas , Fett Bastian , Zhou Huanhuan , Pujales‐Paradela Rosa , Miller Franziska , Müssig Stephan , Wenderoth Sarah , Mandel Karl 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe indispensable transformation to a (more) sustainable human society on this planet heavily relies on innovative technologies and advanced materials. The merits of nanoparticles (NPs) in this context are demonstrated widely during the last decades. Yet, it is believed that the impact of particle‐based nanomaterials to sustainability can be even further enhanced: taking NPs as building blocks enables the creation of more complex entities, so‐called supraparticles (SPs). Due to their evolving phenomena coupling, emergence, and colocalization, SPs enable completely new material functionalities. These new functionalities in SPs can be utilized to render six fields, essential to human life as it is conceived, more sustainable. These fields, selected based on an entropy‐rate‐related definition of sustainability, are as follows: 1) purification technologies and 2) agricultural delivery systems secure humans “fundamental needs.” 3) Energy storage and conversion, as well as 4) catalysis enable the “basic comfort.” 5) Extending materials lifetime and 6) bringing materials back in use ensure sustaining “modern life comfort.” In this review article, a perspective is provided on why and how the properties of SPs, and not simply properties of individual NPs or conventional bulk materials, may grant attractive alternative pathways in these fields.
Guided Mid‐IR and Near‐IR Light within a Hybrid Hyperbolic‐Material/Silicon Waveguide Heterostructure
Authors: He Mingze , Halimi Sami I. , Folland Thomas G. , Sunku Sai S. , Liu Song , Edgar James H. , Basov D. N. , Weiss Sharon M. , Caldwell Joshua D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSilicon waveguides have enabled large‐scale manipulation and processing of near‐infrared optical signals on chip. Yet, expanding the bandwidth of guided waves to other frequencies will further increase the functionality of silicon as a photonics platform. Frequency multiplexing by integrating additional architectures is one approach to the problem, but this is challenging to design and integrate within the existing form factor due to scaling with the free‐space wavelength. This paper demonstrates that a hexagonal boron nitride (hBN)/silicon hybrid waveguide can simultaneously enable dual‐band operation at both mid‐infrared (6.5–7.0 µm) and telecom (1.55 µm) frequencies, respectively. The device is realized via the lithography‐free transfer of hBN onto a silicon waveguide, maintaining near‐infrared operation. In addition, mid‐infrared waveguiding of the hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPhPs) supported in hBN is induced by the index contrast between the silicon waveguide and the surrounding air underneath the hBN, thereby eliminating the need for deleterious etching of the hyperbolic medium. The behavior of HPhP waveguiding in both straight and curved trajectories is validated within an analytical waveguide theoretical framework. This exemplifies a generalizable approach based on integrating hyperbolic media with silicon photonics for realizing frequency multiplexing in on‐chip photonic systems.
2D Copper Tetrahydroxyquinone Conductive Metal–Organic Framework for Selective CO2 Electrocatalysis at Low Overpotentials
Authors: Majidi Leily , Ahmadiparidari Alireza , Shan Nannan , Misal Saurabh N. , Kumar Khagesh , Huang Zhehao , Rastegar Sina , Hemmat Zahra , Zou Xiaodong , Zapol Peter , Cabana Jordi , Curtiss Larry A. , Salehi‐Khojin Amin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising materials for electrocatalysis; however, lack of electrical conductivity in the majority of existing MOFs limits their effective utilization in the field. Herein, an excellent catalytic activity of a 2D copper (Cu)‐based conductive MOF, copper tetrahydroxyquinone (CuTHQ), is reported for aqueous CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) at low overpotentials. It is revealed that CuTHQ nanoflakes (NFs) with an average lateral size of 140 nm exhibit a negligible overpotential of 16 mV for the activation of this reaction, a high current density of ≈173 mA cm−2 at −0.45 V versus RHE, an average Faradaic efficiency (F.E.) of ≈91% toward CO production, and a remarkable turnover frequency as high as ≈20.82 s−1. In the low overpotential range, the obtained CO formation current density is more than 35 and 25 times higher compared to state‐of‐the‐art MOF and MOF‐derived catalysts, respectively. The operando Cu K‐edge X‐ray absorption near edge spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations reveal the existence of reduced Cu (Cu+) during CO2RR which reversibly returns to Cu2+ after the reaction. The outstanding CO2 catalytic functionality of conductive MOFs (c‐MOFs) can open a way toward high‐energy‐density electrochemical systems.
Translocation of DNA through Ultrathin Nanoslits
Authors: Yang Wayne , Radha Boya , Choudhary Adnan , You Yi , Mettela Gangaiah , Geim Andre K. , Aksimentiev Aleksei , Keerthi Ashok , Dekker Cees 
Published: February 2021

Abstract2D nanoslit devices, where two crystals with atomically flat surfaces are separated by only a few nanometers, have attracted considerable attention because their tunable control over the confinement allows for the discovery of unusual transport behavior of gas, water, and ions. Here, the passage of double‐stranded DNA molecules is studied through nanoslits fabricated from exfoliated 2D materials, such as graphene or hexagonal boron nitride, and the DNA polymer behavior is examined in this tight confinement. Two types of events are observed in the ionic current: long current blockades that signal DNA translocation and short spikes where DNA enters the slits but withdraws. DNA translocation events exhibit three distinct phases in their current‐blockade traces—loading, translation, and exit. Coarse‐grained molecular dynamics simulation allows the different polymer configurations of these phases to be identified. DNA molecules, including folds and knots in their polymer structure, are observed to slide through the slits with near‐uniform velocity without noticeable frictional interactions of DNA with the confining graphene surfaces. It is anticipated that this new class of 2D‐nanoslit devices will provide unique ways to study polymer physics and enable lab‐on‐a‐chip biotechnology.
Pressure Sensitivity of Charge Conduction Through the Interface Between a Metal Oxide Nanocrystallite and Graphene
Authors: Hossein‐Babaei Faramarz , Yousefiazari Ehsan , Ghalamboran Milad 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHighly sensitive, micron‐size, lightweight, and cost‐effective pressure sensors and pressure sensor arrays are in demand for varieties of sonic, biomedical, tactile, and wearable microelectronic applications. Here, the electrical conduction through the interface between a metal oxide semiconductor nanocrystallite and graphene (Gr) formed in O‐rich conditions is shown to be highly pressure sensitive, and a novel class of pressure sensors operating based on the electronic features of heterointerfaces is introduced. First‐principle studies on ZnO/Gr interface attribute the observed pressure sensitivity to the spontaneous formation of a sparse layer of oxygen at the O‐terminated ZnO/Gr interface. Strained by the external force, this layer controls the electron conduction through the junction. In the reduced oxygen conditions, the formation of a stable and pressure insensitive Zn‐terminated ZnO/Gr junction is predicted, which reversibly transforms to the former upon annealing in air at 300 °C. The presented results concerning the spontaneity of adsorbing oxygen species to the O‐terminated metal oxide/Gr junctions are anticipated to assist understanding and engineering of the piezoresistivity and chemiresistivity in the metal oxide‐Gr composites.
The Synergy of Plasmonic Enhancement and Hot‐Electron Effect on CsPbBr3 Nanosheets Photodetector
Authors: Dong Yuhui , Xu Leimeng , Zhao Yongli , Wang Shalong , Song Jizhong , Zou Yousheng , Zeng Haibo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNowadays, 2D inorganic cesium lead halide perovskites (IHPs) based photodetectors (PDs) have shown great potential due to the excellent optoelectronic properties. However, most of them only focus on improving carrier transmission and not on synergistic increase in light absorption efficiency or vice versa, limiting the total number of photon‐generated carriers. Here, an effective and general strategy is demonstrated, combining the synergy of plasmonic enhancement of light absorption and hot‐electron effect. The responsivity and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of this planar PD improves obviously, which is more than 20‐fold of the pristine devices. Furthermore, a wide linear dynamic range (LDR) of 120 dB is realized, and both response speed and operating frequency are simultaneously improved. The results present the potential use of synergistic effect for PDs, and provide a promising strategy for improving performance of perovskite optoelectronic devices.
Step by Step Bisacrificial Templates Growth of Bimetallic Sulfide QDs‐Attached MOF Nanosheets for Nonlinear Optical Limiting
Authors: Zhu Yin‐Di , Kang Yao , Gu Zhi‐Gang , Zhang Jian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHere, the authors first report a bimetallic sulfide quantum dots (QDs)‐attached metal–organic framework (MOF) nanosheets‐based film from bisacrificial templates. By using a step by step bisacrificial templates strategy, MOF CuBDC precursors (BDC = 1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate) and chalcogenidometalates as the templates can successfully in‐situ assemble Cu2SnS3 (CTS) QDs‐attached CuBDC nanosheets on the functionalized substrate (CTS @ CuBDC film). The obtained CTS QDs possess a uniform size with ≈6.2 nm and are homogeneously dispersed on MOF nanosheets, which results in an improvement of conductivity and represents a semiconductive composite film for optical application. A Z‐scan study under the excitation of a 532 nm laser shows that the CTS @ CuBDC film possesses strong optical limiting (OL) behavior and very low OL thresholds (0.92 J cm−2) as well as large third‐order nonlinear susceptibility (1.9 × 10−6 esu). This work suggests that the step by step bisacrificial templates method is a fascinating and feasible strategy to prepare metal sulfide QDs dispersed MOF hybrid materials, and provides a promising potential candidate for nonlinear optical applications.
Immunogenic Cell Death Inducing Fluorinated Mitochondria‐Disrupting Helical Polypeptide Synergizes with PD‐L1 Immune Checkpoint Blockade
Authors: Jeong Seong Dong , Jung Bo‐Kyeong , Ahn Hyo Min , Lee DaeYong , Ha JongHoon , Noh Ilkoo , Yun Chae‐Ok , Kim Yeu‐Chun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractImmunogenic cell death (ICD) is distinguished by the release of tumor‐associated antigens (TAAs) and danger‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). This cell death has been studied in the field of cancer immunotherapy due to the ability of ICD to induce antitumor immunity. Herein, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress‐mediated ICD inducing fluorinated mitochondria‐disrupting helical polypeptides (MDHPs) are reported. The fluorination of the polypeptide provides a high helical structure and potent anticancer ability. This helical polypeptide destabilizes the mitochondrial outer membrane, leading to the overproduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis. In addition, this oxidative stress triggers ER stress‐mediated ICD. The in vivo results show that cotreatment of fluorinated MDHP and antiprogrammed death‐ligand 1 antibodies (αPD‐L1) significantly regresses tumor growth and prevents metastasis to the lungs by activating the cytotoxic T cell response and alleviating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. These results indicate that fluorinated MDHP synergizes with the immune checkpoint blockade therapy to eliminate established tumors and to elicit antitumor immune responses.
Highly Selective Separation Intermediate‐Size Anionic Pollutants from Smaller and Larger Analogs via Thermodynamically and Kinetically Cooperative‐Controlled Crystallization
Authors: Mi Yongsheng , Zhao Chaofeng , Xue Shaomin , Ding Ning , Du Yao , Su Hui , Li Shenghua , Pang Siping 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSelective separation of organic species, particularly that of intermediate‐size ones from their analogs, remains challenging because of their similar structures and properties. Here, a novel strategy is presented, cooperatively (thermodynamically and kinetically) controlled crystallization for the highly selective separation of intermediate‐size anionic pollutants from their analogs in water through one‐pot construction of cationic metal‐organic frameworks (CMOFs) with higher stabilities and faster crystallization, which are based on the target anions as charge‐balancing anions. 4,4′‐azo‐triazole and Cu2+ are chosen as suitable ligand and metal ion for CMOF construction because they can form stronger intermolecular interaction with p‐toluenesulfonate anion (Tsˉ) compared to its analogs. For this combination, a condition is established, under which the crystallization rate of a Tsˉ‐based CMOF is remarkably high while those of analog‐based CMOFs are almost zero. As a result, the faster crystallization and higher stability cooperatively endow the cationic framework with a close‐to‐100% selectivity for Tsˉ over its analogs in two‐component mixtures, and this preference is retained in a practical mixture containing more than seven competing (analogs and inorganic) anions. The nature of the free Tsˉ anion in the cationic framework also allows the resultant CMOF to be recyclable via anion exchange.
Lifetime‐Engineered Carbon Nanodots for Time Division Duplexing
Authors: Liang Ya‐Chuan , Liu Kai‐Kai , Wu Xue‐Ying , Lou Qing , Sui Lai‐Zhi , Dong Lin , Yuan Kai‐Jun , Shan Chong‐Xin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOptical multiplexing attracts considerable attention in the field of information encryption, optical probe, and time‐resolved bioimaging. However, the optical multiplexing based on rare‐earth nanoparticles suffers from heavy metal elements and relatively short lifetimes; sophisticated facilities are thus needed. Herein, time division duplexing based on eco‐friendly carbon nanodots (CNDs) with manipulative luminescence lifetimes is demonstrated. In a single green color emission channel, the luminescence lifetimes of the CNDs can be manipulated from nanosecond level to second level by introducing water, while the lifetime of the CNDs confined by a silica shell stays. Time division duplexing based on the CNDs and CNDs@silica with distinct lifetimes is realized and spatio‐temporal overlapping information is thus resolved. High‐level information encryption using the time division duplexing technology is realized. This work may promise the potential applications of CNDs in multi‐lifetime channels biological imaging, high‐density information storage, and anti‐counterfeiting.
Schottky Junctions with Bi Cocatalyst for Taming Aqueous Phase N2 Reduction toward Enhanced Solar Ammonia Production
Authors: Huang Yewei , Zhu Yisong , Chen Shuijiao , Xie Xiuqiang , Wu Zhenjun , Zhang Nan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSolar‐powered N2 reduction in aqueous solution is becoming a research hotspot for ammonia production. Schottky junctions at the metal/semiconductor interface have been effective to build up a one‐way channel for the delivery of photogenerated electrons toward photoredox reactions. However, their applications for enhancing the aqueous phase reduction of N2 to ammonia have been bottlenecked by the difficulty of N2 activation and the competing H2 evolution reaction (HER) at the metal surface. Herein, the application of Bi with low HER activity as a robust cocatalyst for constructing Schottky‐junction photocatalysts toward N2 reduction to ammonia is reported. The introduction of Bi not only boosts the interfacial electron transfer from excited photocatalysts due to the built‐in Schottky‐junction effect at the Bi/semiconductor interface but also synchronously facilitates the on‐site N2 adsorption and activation toward solar ammonia production. The unidirectional charge transfer to the active site of Bi significantly promotes the photocatalytic N2‐to‐ammonia conversion efficiency by 65 times for BiOBr. In addition, utilizing Bi to enhance the photocatalytic ammonia production can be extended to other semiconductor systems. This work is expected to unlock the promise of engineering Schottky junctions toward high‐efficiency solar N2‐to‐ammonia conversion in aqueous phase.