bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of active tuberculosis and associated factors among people with chronic psychotic disorders at St. Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital and Gergesenon Mental Rehabilitation center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Temesgen Eshetu , Belete Yerega , Haile Kibrom , Ali Solomon 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Tuberculosis (TB) is an airborne chronic infectious disease mainly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex bacteria. Currently, about 1.7 billion (26%) of the world’s population are considered to be infected with M. tuberculosis. The risk of acquiring tuberculosis is higher on some segments of societies including people with severe mental illness. As a result, World health organization (WHO) strongly recommends screening for tuberculosis in such risk groups and setting.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence of active tuberculosis and associated factors among patients with chronic psychotic disorders admitted at St. Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital and Gergesenon Mental rehabilitation center from February to June, 2020. All admitted patients were screened for any sign of TB as recommended by WHO. Presumptive TB cases were identified. Sputum samples were collected and tested by Xpert MTB/RIF assay. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0 statistical software and Chi square analysis was used to test the statistical association.

Results
From a total 3600 pschotic patients screened for TB, 250 (6.94%) presumptive tuberculosis cases were detected. From these, 27 (10.8%) were positive by Xpert MTB/RIF assay. Most of the patients were males (68.4%). The mean ± SD age of the participant was 36.5 ± 9.7 years. The overall prevalence of tuberculosis was found to be 750 per 100,000 population. The number of patients per room (p = 0.039) was associated with Xpert MTB/RIF positive active tuberculosis.

Conclusion
The prevalence of active tuberculosis among chronic psychotic patients was high. Number of admitted patients per room was identified as risk factors for Xpert MTB/RIF positive active tuberculosis. Therefore, to control TB transmission in chronic mental health treatment facilities, efforts should be directed to periodic screening for early case detection and improving the number of patients per room.
Association of vancomycin trough concentration on the treatment outcome of patients with bacteremia caused by Enterococcus species
Authors: Sohn Yujin , Rim John Hoon , Cho Yunsuk , Hyun Jonghoon , Baek Yaejee , Kim Moohyun , Kim Jung Ho , Seong Hye , Ahn Jin Young , Lee Sang-Guk , Lim Jong-Beack , Jeong Su Jin , Ku Nam Su , Choi Jun Yong , Yeom Joon-Sup , Song Young Goo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) targets of vancomycin therapy have been recognized for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections but not for other gram-positive bacterial infections. Therefore, we investigated whether vancomycin concentration targets such as the trough level and ratio of the area under the curve to minimum inhibitory concentration (AUC/MIC) are associated with the treatment outcome in enterococcal bacteremia.

Methods
A retrospective cohort analysis enrolled patients with bacteremia caused by vancomycin-susceptible Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis who were treated with vancomycin from January 2007 to December 2017 at a tertiary hospital located in Seoul, South Korea. Patients without vancomycin concentrations were excluded from the study. The primary outcome was 28-day all-cause mortality.

Results
A total of 37 patients were enrolled—26 with E. faecium infection and 11 with E. faecalis infection. The 28-day all-cause mortality rate was 21.6 %. In univariate analysis, vancomycin trough level (≤ 15 µg/mL; p = 0.042), age (p = 0.044), and septic shock (p = 0.049) were associated with 28-day mortality but not AUC24/MIC (> 389; p = 0.479). In multivariate analysis, vancomycin trough concentration (≤ 15 µg/mL; p = 0.041) and younger age (p = 0.031) were associated with 28-day mortality in patients with enterococcal bacteremia.

Conclusions
In this study, a vancomycin trough level of 15 µg/mL or lower was associated with 28-day mortality in enterococcal bacteremia. However, relatively large prospective studies are needed to examine the efficacy of vancomycin PK/PD parameters in patients with enterococcal bacteremia.
Delayed onset of fat embolus in the cerebral venous system after breast and hip augmentation: a case report
Authors: Dong Wei , Wan Ding-yuan , Yang Xiang , Fu Min , Liu Xing , Li Hao , Xie Xiao-qi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Cerebral fat embolism (CFE) is a subtype of fat embolism syndrome which tends to cause ischemic cerebral infarction. Fat embolism in the cerebral venous system have not been reported. We hereby present a rare case of fat embolus formed in the cerebral venous system 10 days after cosmetic surgery, and describe our management of this patient.

Case presentation
A 26-year-old woman with the disturbance of consciousness and recurrent convulsions of the right upper extremity over a 21-h period was admitted to our hospital. The patient was initially diagnosed with haemorrhagic infarction, and cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) was suspected based on computed tomography (CT). A diagnosis of CFE was confirmed based on surgical findings. Breast and hip augmentation performed 10 days ago was considered the underlying cause. Drug-induced hypothermia, low molecular weight heparin, atorvastatin, dexamethasone, piperacillin/tazobactam, valproic acid, and mannitol were applied. On hospital day 30, she was discharged with a Montreal Cognitive Assessment score of 25.

Conclusions
Fat embolism can occur in the cerebral venous system, and may mimic CVT symptoms rather than CFE symptoms. Early identification of the nature of the embolus is essential. The use of heparin may prevent secondary thrombus formation, and accelerate fat embolus decomposition.
Triglyceride glucose index influences platelet reactivity in acute ischemic stroke patients
Authors: Guo Yinping , Zhao Jing , Zhang Yi , Wu Lingshan , Yu Zhiyuan , He Dan , Huang Hao , Qu Wensheng , Luo Xiang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Aim
Insulin resistance was reported to increase the risk of ischemic stroke, which can be assessed by the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index. However, it remains unclear whether the TyG index influences the platelet reactivity during the treatment of ischemic patients.

Methods
Ischemic stroke patients receiving dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) within 48 h onset were consecutively included. The TyG index was calculated as ln (fasting triglyceride [mg/dL] × fasting glucose [mg/dL]/2). The top quartile of TyG index was defined as insulin resistance. The platelet reactivity was assessed by thromboelastography. The platelet inhibition rate induced by arachidonic acid (AA) or adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was used to confirm the high residual on-treatment platelet reactivity (HRPR) to aspirin or clopidogrel, respectively. The association between TyG index and platelet reactivity was assessed by Kruskal–Wallis test. The independent risk factors of HRPR were determined by multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results
A total of 1002 patients were included and divided into 4 groups by quartiles of the TyG index (< 2.02; 2.02–2.27; 2.27–2.52; ≥2.52). The findings demonstrated that the maximum intensity of the clot increased, but the AA-induced platelet inhibition rate decreased, depending on the TyG index quartiles. No significant difference was found in the ADP-induced platelet inhibition rate among groups. The prevalence of aspirin HRPR increased depending on the TyG index quartile. Unlike the non-insulin resistance group, the insulin resistance group was independently associated with aspirin HRPR (OR = 1.689, 95% CI 1.14 to 2.51, P = 0.009).

Conclusions
In acute ischemic stroke patients taking DAPT, the elevation of the TyG index is associated with enhanced platelet reactivity and higher prevalence of aspirin HRPR. Insulin resistance assessed by the TyG index could be an independent risk factor for aspirin HRPR.
Parkinsonism and dysautonomia with anti-CV2/CRMP5 associated paraneoplastic neurological syndromes mimicking multiple system atrophy: a case report
Authors: Song Jia , Zhang Ying , Lang Yue , Wang Yi-Heng , Shao Jie , Cui Li 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNSs) are broad-spectrum disorders that can affect any part of the nervous system varying in core symptoms. Onconeural antibodies, including Hu, Yo, Ri, anti-CV2, amphiphysin, Ma2, and Tr are well-characterized and commonly used for the diagnosis of definite PNS. Generally, anti-CV2 antibodies have usually been associated with cerebellar ataxia, chorea, peripheral and autonomic neuropathies, myelopathy, optic neuritis, and retinitis. However, Parkinsonism has not been reported as the core symptom in patients with anti-CV2 antibodies.

Case presentation
We report a patient with anti-CV2 antibody manifested as Parkinsonism and autonomic dysfunction, which may lead to the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy with predominant Parkinsonism (MSA-P). A lumbar puncture examination was undergone to find a positive anti-CV2 antibody in cerebrospinal fluid. PET-CT showed no tumor. Immunotherapy was adopted and the symptoms were relieved for 5 months. However, with no evidence of tumor, he died after 8 months.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that PNS with anti-CV2 antibody can be shown as MSA-P mimic. Considering that MSA is a neurodegenerative disease with a poor prognosis, screening for other treatable or controllable factors like PNS presented in this case is necessary when encountering a rapid progressive MSA-mimic patient.
Male engagement guidelines in antenatal care: unintended consequences for pregnant women in Tanzania
Authors: Osaki Haika , Sao Saumya S. , Kisigo Godfrey A. , Coleman Jessica N. , Mwamba Rimel N. , Renju Jenny , Mmbaga Blandina T. , Watt Melissa H. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The meaningful engagement of male partners in antenatal care (ANC) can positively impact maternal and newborn health outcomes. The Tanzania National Plan for the Elimination of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV recommends male partners attend the first ANC appointment as a strategy for HIV prevention and treatment. This recommendation seeks to increase uptake of HIV and reproductive healthcare services, but unintended consequences of these guidelines may negatively impact women’s ANC experiences. This study qualitatively examined the impact of policy promoting male engagement on women’s ANC experiences.

Methods
The study was conducted in two urban clinics in Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania. In-depth interviews were conducted with 19 participants (13 women and 6 male partners) attending a first ANC appointment. A semi-structured guide was developed, applying Kabeer’s Social Relations Approach. Data were analyzed using applied thematic analysis, combining memo writing, coding, synthesis, and comparison of themes.

Results
Male attendance impacted the timing of women’s presentation to ANC and experience during the first ANC visit. Women whose partners could not attend delayed their presentation to first ANC due to fears of being interrogated or denied care because of their partner absence. Women presenting with partners were given preferential treatment by clinic staff, and women without partners felt discriminated against. Women perceived that the clinic prioritized men’s HIV testing over involvement in pregnancy care.

Conclusions
Study findings indicate the need to better assess and understand the unintended impact of policies promoting male partner attendance at ANC. Although male engagement can benefit the health outcomes of mothers and newborn children, our findings demonstrate the need for improved methods of engaging men in ANC. ANC clinics should identify ways to make clinic settings more male friendly, utilize male attendance as an opportunity to educate and engage men in pregnancy and newborn care. At the same time, clinic policies should be cognizant to not discriminate against women presenting without a partner.
LINC00958 promotes bladder cancer carcinogenesis by targeting miR-490-3p and AURKA
Authors: Zhen Hongtao , Du Peng , Yi Qiang , Tang Xiaolong , Wang Tongqing 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Bladder cancer is a prevalent malignancy of the urinary system, in which long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are highly associated. We aimed to elucidate the role of LINC00958 in bladder cancer.

Methods
LINC00958 expression levels were measured using qRT-PCR. The interaction of LINC00958-miR-490-3p-AURKA was analyzed by luciferase, RIP, and RNA pull-down assays. The biological roles of LINC00958, miR-490-3p, and AURKA in bladder cancer cells were analyzed using CCK8, BrdU, and transwell assays.

Results
Increased expression of LINC00958 and AURKA was observed in bladder cancer tissues and cell lines. Decreased LINC00958 expression repressed bladder cancer progression and downregulation of miR-490-3p accelerated bladder cancer cell progression. Moreover, LINC00958 sponges miR-490-3p to upregulate AURKA expression, thereby promoting carcinogenesis in bladder cancer cells.

Conclusions
Our study revealed that LINC00958 facilitated cell proliferation and invasion, and suppressed cell apoptosis by sponging miR-490-3p and upregulating AURKA, thus inspiring a new treatment method for bladder cancer.
Association between early fluid overload and mortality in critically-ill mechanically ventilated children: a single-center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kong Xiangmei , Zhu Yueniu , Zhu Xiaodong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Positive fluid overload (FO) may cause adverse effect. This study retrospectively analyzed the relationship between early FO and in-hospital mortality in children with mechanical ventilation (MV) in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).

Methods
This study retrospectively enrolled 309 children (ages 28 days to 16 years) receiving invasive MV admitted to the PICU of Xinhua Hospital from March 2014 to March 2019. Children receiving MV for less than 48 h were excluded. The FO in the first 3 days of MV was considered to the early FO. Patients were divided into groups according to early FO and survival to evaluate the associations of early FO, percentage FO(%FO) > 10%, and %FO > 20% with in-hospital mortality.

Results
A total of 309 patients were included. The mean early FO was 8.83 ± 8.81%, and the mortality in hospital was 26.2% (81/309). There were no significant differences in mortality among different FO groups (P = 0.053) or in early FO between survivors and non-survivors (P = 0.992). Regression analysis demonstrated that use of more vasoactive drugs, the presence of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, longer duration of MV, and a non-operative reason for PICU admission were related to increased mortality (P < 0.05). Although early FO and %FO > 10% were not associated with in-hospital mortality (β = 0.030, P = 0.090, 95% CI = 0.995–1.067; β = 0.479, P = 0.153, 95% CI = 0.837–3.117), %FO > 20% was positively correlated with mortality (β = 1.057, OR = 2.878, P = 0.029, 95% CI = 1.116–7.418).

Conclusions
The correlation between early FO and mortality was affected by interventions and the severity of the disease, but %FO > 20% was an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality in critically ill MV-treated children.
Risk factors for mental health symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in ophthalmic personnel and students in USA (& Canada): a cross-sectional survey study
Authors: Pang Yi , Li Meng , Robbs Connor , Wang Jingyun , Jain Samiksha F. , Ticho Ben , Green Katherine , Suh Donny 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic poses mental health challenges to frontline healthcare workers. Eye care professionals may be especially susceptible to mental health problems due to high-risk exposures to patients. Yet, no prior research has studied mental health issues among eye care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic among eye care professionals.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey study among eye care professionals and students in the United States and Canada from June 23 to July 8, 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 8505 eye care professionals and students received email invitations to the survey and 2134 participated. We measured mental health outcomes including symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress using validated scales, as well as potential risk factors including demographic characteristics, state-level COVID-19 case counts, participants’ patient interactions, childcare responsibilities, and pre-pandemic stress levels. Linear multiple regression and logistic regression analyses were used to determine relationships between risk factors and mental health outcomes.ResultsWe found that 38.4% of eyecare professional participants in the survey met screening threshold as probable cases of anxiety, depression, or both during the COVID-19 pandemic. Controlling for self-reported pre-pandemic stress level and state COVID-19 case daily cases, significant risk factors for depression, anxiety, and psychological stress during the COVID-19 pandemic included: being female, younger age, and being Black or Asian. Interestingly, we found two somewhat surprising protective factors against depression symptoms: more frequent interactions with patients and having a greater proportion of childcare responsibilities at home.ConclusionsThis study showed a high prevalence of mental health problems and revealed disparities in mental health among eye care personnel and students: Female, younger, Black, and Asian populations are particularly vulnerable to mental health issues. These results indicate that it is critical to identify mental health issues more effectively and develop interventions among this population to address this significant and growing public health issue. The strategies and policies should be reflective of the demographic disparities in this vulnerable population.
Using geographically weighted Poisson regression to examine the association between socioeconomic factors and hysterectomy incidence in Wallonia, Belgium
Authors: Poliart Aline , Kirakoya-Samadoulougou Fati , Ouédraogo Mady , Collart Philippe , Dubourg Dominique , Samadoulougou Sékou 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Various studies have investigated geographical variations in the incidence of hysterectomy in Western countries and analyzed socioeconomic factors to explain those variations. However, few studies have used spatial analysis to characterize them. Geographically weighted Poisson regression (GWPR) explores the spatially varying impacts of covariates across a study area and focuses attention on local variations. Given the potential of GWPR to guide decision-making, this study aimed to describe the geographical distribution of hysterectomy incidence for benign indications in women older than 15 years old (15+) at the municipal level in Wallonia (southern region of Belgium) and to analyze potential associations with socioeconomic factors (‘Education/training’, ‘Income and purchasing power’ and ‘Health and care’) influencing the use of this surgery.

Methods
We carried out an ecological study on data for women aged 15+ living in one of the 262 Walloon municipalities who underwent hysterectomies for benign indications between 2012 and 2014. We linked standardized hysterectomy rates to three municipal-level socioeconomic factors (‘Education/training’, ‘Income and purchasing power’ and ‘Health and care’). Then, a Poisson regression model and a GWPR were applied to study the relationships between hysterectomy incidence and socioeconomic covariates in Wallonia.

Results
The hysterectomy rate varied across the region. The Poisson regression revealed a positive and significant association between the hysterectomy rate and ‘Income and purchasing power’, and a negative and significant association between hysterectomies and ‘Health and care’. The same associations were seen in the GWPR model. The latter demonstrated that the association between hysterectomies and ‘Education and training’ ranged from negative to positive over the study area.

Conclusions
Hysterectomy incidence was shown to have nonstationary relationships with socioeconomic factors. These results support the development of targeted interventions for a more appropriate use of this surgery.
The trends of women’s autonomy in health care decision making and associated factors in Ethiopia: evidence from 2005, 2011 and 2016 DHS data
Authors: Asabu Melkamu Dires , Altaseb Derebe Kelkay 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Women's autonomy in health care decision-making is very crucial for the well-being of women themselves, their children, and the entire family members. Although studying the issue is significant to take proper interventions, the issue is not studied at a nationwide level in Ethiopia. Accordingly, this population-based nationwide study was aimed at assessing the trends of women’s autonomy in health care decision-making and its associated factors in Ethiopia.

Method
The sample was limited to married women of 2005 (n = 8617), 2011 (n = 10,168), and 2016 (n = 9824) Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data. Women's autonomy in health care decision-making was measured based on their response to the question ‘person who usually decides on respondent's health care. To examine associated factors, socio-demographic variables were computed using multinomial logistic regression.

Result
The finding revealed that the trend of women’s autonomy in health care decision-making had declined from 18.7% in 2005 to 17.2% in 2011 albeit it had risen to 19.1% in 2016. The autonomy of women who resides in urban areas was 98.7% higher than rural residents, and those who live in the Tigray region, Somali region, and Addis Ababa are 76.6%, 79.7%, and 95.7% higher than who live in Dire Dawa respectively. Unemployed women, women aged from 15 to 24 years, and uneducated women were 45.1%, 32.4%, and 32.2% less likely autonomous in health care decision making respectively.

Conclusion
The autonomy of women in health care decision-making had declined from 2005 to 2011. Therefore, the role of stakeholders in taking possible interventions like empowering women shall be strengthened. This is to protect women from certain health problems as well as for the well-being of women themselves, their children, and the entire family members.