bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE, a community‐based exercise intervention versus support group to improve functional and health outcomes among older African American and Non‐Hispanic White breast cancer survivors from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds: Recruitment strategies and baseline characteristics
Authors: Owusu Cynthia , Nock Nora L. , Feuntes Vanessa , Margevicius Seunghee , Hergenroeder Paul , Austin Kristina , Bennet Elizabeth , Cerne Stephen , Moore Halle C. F. , Petkac Jean , Schluchter Mark , Schmitz Kathryn H. , Webb Hooper Monica , Coccia Sarah , Nagy Caitlin , Wimbley Leonard , Berger Nathan A. 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundBehavioral intervention studies in older breast cancer survivors, particularly older African American (AA) and socioeconomic status–disadvantaged breast cancer survivors, are lacking. To inform future studies, the authors examined recruitment strategies in older breast cancer survivors who participated in an exercise intervention study.MethodsIMPROVE is a randomized trial designed to evaluate a group‐based exercise intervention versus a support group (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT02763228). Participants were aged ≥65 years who had survived stage I through III breast cancer and were within 5 years of treatment completion. Participants were recruited through multiple approaches, including peripheral, linguistic, and constituent‐involving strategies that incorporated the identification of potentially eligible patients from 3 local hospitals and from State of Ohio registries and through direct clinician and community organization referrals.ResultsBetween October 2016 and November 2019, 7487 patients were screened, 4790 were potentially eligible, and 213 were randomized into the study. The eligible:randomization rates were 4.4% overall and 84%, 8%, and 2% for recruitment using direct referrals, hospital registries, and state registries, respectively. The median age of the randomized cohort was 70 years (range, 65‐88 years) and included 44% AA and 44% socioeconomic status–disadvantaged breast cancer survivors. Compared with all registry‐eligible patients, directly referred‐eligible patients were more likely to be AA versus Non‐Hispanic White (41% vs 19%; P = .006), to be contacted successfully (100% vs 33%; P < .0001), and to accept study participation (88% vs 16%; P < .0001).ConclusionsDirect referrals appeared to be the most efficient strategy for recruiting AA survivors. Behavioral intervention studies seeking to target older AA and socioeconomic status–disadvantaged breast cancer survivors should include strategies that foster direct referrals to study participation.
Production of Class II MHC Proteins in Lentiviral Vector‐Transduced HEK‐293T Cells for Tetramer Staining Reagents
Authors: Willis Richard A. , Ramachandiran Vasanthi , Shires John C. , Bai Ge , Jeter Kelly , Bell Donielle L. , Han Lixia , Kazarian Tamara , Ugwu Kyla C. , Laur Oskar , Contreras‐Alcantara Susana , Long Dale L. , Altman John D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractClass II major histocompatibility complex peptide (MHC‐IIp) multimers are precisely engineered reagents used to detect T cells specific for antigens from pathogens, tumors, and self‐proteins. While the related Class I MHC/peptide (MHC‐Ip) multimers are usually produced from subunits expressed in E. coli, most Class II MHC alleles cannot be produced in bacteria, and this has contributed to the perception that MHC‐IIp reagents are harder to produce. Herein, we present a robust constitutive expression system for soluble biotinylated MHC‐IIp proteins that uses stable lentiviral vector−transduced derivatives of HEK‐293T cells. The expression design includes allele‐specific peptide ligands tethered to the amino‐terminus of the MHC‐II β chain via a protease‐cleavable linker. Following cleavage of the linker, HLA‐DM is used to catalyze efficient peptide exchange, enabling high‐throughput production of many distinct MHC‐IIp complexes from a single production cell line. Peptide exchange is monitored using either of two label‐free methods, native isoelectric focusing gel electrophoresis or matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectrometry of eluted peptides. Together, these methods produce MHC‐IIp complexes that are highly homogeneous and that form the basis for excellent MHC‐IIp multimer reagents. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.This article was corrected on 19 July 2022. See the end of the full text for details.Basic Protocol 1: Lentivirus production and expression line creationSupport Protocol 1: Six‐well assay for estimation of production cell line yieldSupport Protocol 2: Universal ELISA for quantifying proteins with fused leucine zippers and His‐tagsBasic Protocol 2: Cultures for production of Class II MHC proteinsBasic Protocol 3: Purification of Class II MHC proteins by anti‐leucine zipper affinity chromatographyAlternate Protocol 1: IMAC purification of His‐tagged Class II MHCSupport Protocol 3: Protein concentration measurements and adjustmentsSupport Protocol 4: Polishing purification by anion‐exchange chromatographySupport Protocol 5: Estimating biotinylation percentage by streptavidin precipitationBasic Protocol 4: Peptide exchangeBasic Protocol 5: Analysis of peptide exchange by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometryAlternate Protocol 2: Native isoelectric focusing to validate MHC‐II peptide loadingBasic Protocol 6: MultimerizationBasic Protocol 7: Staining cells with Class II MHC tetramers
Peritoneal lavage cytology in the diagnosis of pelvic endometriosis
Authors: Eleutério José , das Chagas Medeiros Francisco 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to assess the sensibility, specificity, and predictive values of cytology of the fluid sediment in patients with pelvic endometriosis diagnosed based on laparoscopic‐guided biopsy.MethodsBetween January 2017 and September 2018, 71 specimens of peritoneal fluid collected by laparoscopy were evaluated. Fifty‐three patients were diagnosed laparoscopically and histologically with endometriosis, and 18 were considered controls (without suspicious endometriosis lesions). We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, the positive and negative predictive value, and the accuracy of endometrial‐like cells (ELC) and hemosiderin‐laden macrophages (HLM) in the fluid sediment.ResultsOf the 50 patients with endometriosis, 32 (64%) had HLM, 9 (18%) had ELC, and 7 (14%) had both elements. Of the 18 patients without endometriosis, 3 (16%) had HLM, 2 (11%) had ELC, and 1 (5%) had both ELC and HLM. The sensitivity of the cytology of peritoneal fluid sediment for the diagnosis of endometriosis, based on the presence of ELC, was 18%, the specificity was 83%, the positive predictive value was 82%, the negative predictive value was 28.7%, and the accuracy was 36.8%. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy based on the presence of HLM were 64%, 83%, 91%, 45.5%, and 69.1%, respectively.ConclusionThe study of peritoneal fluids obtained laparoscopically from women undergoing evaluation for endometriosis may identify patients with the disease.
Identifying metabolites of diphenidol by liquid chromatography‐quadrupole/orbitrap mass spectrometry using rat liver microsomes, human blood, and urine samples
Authors: Yang Liu , Zhao Junbo , Liu Mengxi , Li Le , Yang Huan , Guo Caixia , Hu Jing , Xiang Ping , Shen Baohua , Qiao Zheng , Dang Yonghui , Shi Yan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn recent years, diphenidol [1,1‐diphenyl‐4‐piperidino‐1‐butanol] has been one of the drugs that appears in suicide cases, but there are few research data on its metabolic pathways and main metabolites. Metabolite identification plays a key role in drug safety assessment and clinical application. In this study, in vivo and in vitro samples were analyzed with ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole/electrostatic field orbitrap high‐resolution mass spectrometry. Structural elucidation of the metabolites was performed by comparing their molecular weights and product ions with those of the parent drug. As a result, 10 Phase I metabolites and 5 glucuronated Phase II metabolites were found in a blood sample and a urine sample from authentic cases. Three other Phase I metabolites were identified in the rat liver microsomes incubation solution. The results showed that the main metabolic pathways of diphenidol in the human body include hydroxylation, oxidation, dehydration, N‐dealkylation, methylation, and conjugation with glucuronic acid. This study preliminarily clarified the metabolic pathways and main metabolites of diphenidol. For the development of new methods for the identification of diphenidol consumption, we recommend using M2‐2 as a marker of diphenidol entering the body. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the pharmacokinetics and forensic scientific research of diphenidol.
Phylogenetic relations and mitogenome‐wide similarity metrics reveal monophyly of Penaeus sensu lato
Authors: Katneni Vinaya Kumar , Shekhar Mudagandur S. , Jangam Ashok Kumar , Paran Balasubramanian C. , Selvaraj Ashok , Krishnan Karthic , Kaikkolante Nimisha , Prabhudas Sudheesh K. , Gopalapillai Gopikrishna , Koyadan Vijayan K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSplitting of the genus Penaeus sensu lato into six new genera based on morphological features alone has been controversial in penaeid shrimp taxonomy. Several studies focused on building phylogenetic relations among the genera of Penaeus sensu lato. However, they lack in utilizing full mitochondrial DNA genome of shrimp representing all the six controversial genera. For the first time, the present study targeted the testing of all the six genera of Penaeus sensu lato for phylogenetic relations utilizing complete mitochondrial genome sequence. In addition, the study reports for the first time about the complete mitochondrial DNA genome sequence of Fenneropenaeus indicus, an important candidate species in aquaculture and fisheries, and utilized it for phylogenomics. The maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches were deployed to generate and comprehend the phylogenetic relationship among the shrimp in the suborder, Dendrobranchiata. The phylogenetic relations established with limited taxon sampling considered in the study pointed to the monophyly of Penaeus sensu lato and suggested collapsing of the new genera to a single genus. Further, trends in mitogenome‐wide estimates of average amino acid identity in the order Decapoda and the genus Penaeus sensu lato supported restoration of the old genus, Penaeus, rather promoting the creation of new genera.
Risky movements? Natal dispersal does not decrease survival of a large herbivore
Authors: Long Eric S. , Diefenbach Duane R. , Lutz Clayton L. , Wallingford Bret D. , Rosenberry Christopher S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNatal dispersal is assumed to be a particularly risky movement behavior as individuals transfer, often long distances, from birth site to site of potential first reproduction. Though, because this behavior persists in populations, it is assumed that dispersal increases the fitness of individuals despite the potential for increased risk of mortality. The extent of dispersal risk, however, has rarely been tested, especially for large mammals. Therefore, we aimed to test the relationship between dispersal and survival for both males and females in a large herbivore. Using a radio‐transmittered sample of 398 juvenile male and 276 juvenile female white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), we compared survival rates of dispersers and nondispersers. We predicted that dispersing deer would experience greater overall mortality than philopatric deer due to direct transfer‐related risks (e.g., vehicular collision), indirect immigration‐related mortality attributable to colonization of unfamiliar habitat, and increased overwinter mortality associated with energetic costs of movement and unfamiliarity with recently colonized habitat. For both male and female yearlings, survival rates of dispersers (male = 49.9%, female = 64.0%) did not differ from nondispersers (male = 51.6%, female = 70.7%). Only two individuals (both female) were killed by vehicular collision during transfer, and overwinter survival patterns were similar between the two groups. Although dispersal movement likely incurs energetic costs on dispersers, these costs do not necessarily translate to decreased survival. In many species, including white‐tailed deer, dispersal is likely condition‐dependent, such that larger and healthier individuals are more likely to disperse; therefore, costs associated with dispersal are more likely to be borne successfully by those individuals that do disperse. Whether low‐risk dispersal of large mammals is the rule or the exception will require additional research. Further, future research is needed to evaluate nonsurvival fitness‐related costs and benefits of dispersal (e.g., increased reproductive opportunities for dispersers).
Biodiversity loss leads to reductions in community‐wide trophic complexity
Authors: Gabara Scott S. , Konar Brenda H. , Edwards Matthew S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWith increasing biodiversity loss occurring worldwide, there is a need to understand how these losses will affect ecosystem structure and function. Biodiversity loss leads to changes in species interactions and alters the trophic complexity of food webs. These alterations to trophic complexity can be described by changes to the diversity of food resources and the diversity of trophic levels. To understand how biodiversity affects trophic complexity of food webs, we used 10 islands across the Aleutian Archipelago to compare the alternate state communities found in kelp forest ecosystems (kelp forest and urchin barren communities) and then compared these to natural reference communities without local benthic production (their associated offshore communities). We constructed food webs for each community across the Aleutian Archipelago using primary producer and consumer carbon (δ13C, a proxy for food sources to a consumer) and nitrogen (δ15N, a proxy for consumer trophic level) stable isotope values. Our findings suggest that biodiversity loss (i.e., phase change from kelp forest to urchin barren) leads to reductions in trophic complexity, which was similar to naturally occurring communities with low local resource biodiversity. This was expressed by lower consumer isotopic dietary niche areas, especially omnivores and herbivores, and lower omnivore and carnivore trophic levels within the urchin barren communities. We clarify how biodiversity promotes food resources and increases trophic levels and complexity through critical trophic conduits.
Length of stay for anorexia nervosa: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kan Carol , Hawkings Ysabella‐Rozetta , Cribben Hannah , Treasure Janet 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveEvidence regarding global trends in length of stay for patients with anorexia nervosa is limited. The aim of this study is to conduct a meta‐analysis examining the length of stay for anorexia nervosa patients globally, and to investigate moderators of the variance.MethodMedline, EMBASE and PsycINFO were searched for studies published up to January 2019. Two independent reviewers assessed the eligibility of each report based on predefined inclusion criteria. A meta‐analysis was performed to calculate a pooled mean length of stay using the random‐effects model. Subgroup analyses and meta‐regression were conducted to explore potential sources of heterogeneity between studies.ResultsOf 305 abstracts reviewed, 71 studies met the inclusion criteria, generating 111 datasets. The pooled mean length of stay (95% confidence interval) was 76.3 days (73.3, 79.4) using the random‐effects model, with marked variation across countries and time. Heterogeneity between studies was explained by age and admission body mass index.ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis found that although clinical features do contribute to length of admissions for anorexia nervosa, there are also global and temporal variations. Future research should provide an in‐depth analysis of why and how this variation exists and what the impact is on the well‐being of people with anorexia nervosa.
From dimming to brightening during 1961 to 2014 in the maize growing season of China
Authors: Liu Zhijuan , Yang Xiaoguang , Lin Xiaomao , Zhang Zhentao , Sun Shuang , Ye Qing 
Published: February 2021

AbstractClimate patterns, cropping systems, and agricultural technologies have greater diversity among various regions in China. Knowledge of the spatial–temporal patterns of solar radiation during the maize growing season is essential for farmers and extension technicians in their optimization of cropping choices and development of adaptation strategies for climate change. In this study, based on the observed solar radiation in six subregions of China, we analyzed the spatial distributions and temporal trends of incident solar radiation (SRi), beam solar radiation (SRb), and diffuse solar radiation (SRd) during 1961–2014. From 1961 to 1984, the annual SRi in most areas showed a downward trend, with a median value of −27.8 MJ m−2 year−1, which is primarily due to a decrease in SRb. However, after 1985, 76% of locations had reversed to brightening. This finding is primarily due to an increase in SRd. The trends in SRi during the whole growing season (WGS) of maize changed by −12.4% to 18.3% during the past 30 years, and 74% of the selected locations showed an increasing trend. At most of the stations, SRb showed a decreasing trend during the WGS, and SRd showed an increasing trend. The trends of SRi, SRb, and SRd during the vegetative period and reproductive period of maize have generally followed a trend similar to the WGSs. Therefore, we conclude that annual solar radiation changed from dimming to brightening from 1961 to 2014 in China. Solar brightening occurred during the maize growing season, which was mainly caused by an increase in diffuse radiation.
Comparison of hydrability, antioxidants, microstructure, and sensory quality of barley grass powder using ultra‐micro‐crushing combined with hot air and freeze drying
Authors: Zhou Wei , Cao Xiaohuang , Islam Md. Nahidul , Zheng Huiting , Li Jihua , Liu Fei , Cao Yupo , Dai Yaping 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTo explore the physicochemical characters of barley grass, ultra‐micro‐crushing (UMC) technology combined with air drying or freeze drying was carried out. After barley grass was air‐dried at 70°C or freeze‐dried at 15°C, it was grinded for 30, 60, 90, and 120 min using UMC, respectively. After combined processing, moisture content, particle size, odor, color, microstructure, water and oil‐holding capacity, the content of flavonoid and chlorophyll, water activity, and sensory qualities were determined. The particle size of barley grass powder decreased, and lightness value was increased; water and oil‐holding capacity decreased significantly (p ≤ .05), whereas swelling and dissolving capacity increased in the processed grass powder. On the other hand, the total flavonoid content increased significantly (p ≤ .05). Barley grass odor features sulfide aroma, and its microstructure demonstrates lamellar morphology with some fewer fragmented pieces. The results suggested combined UMC at 90–120 min will be suitable for processing barley grass powder.
Microbiological quality assessment (including antibiogram and threat assessment) of bottled water
Authors: Gautam Bikram 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWater pollution is a major global problem that has been the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. This study was carried out to assess the microbiological quality of popular domestic brands of bottled water available in the Kathmandu Valley in Nepal. For the study of bottled water, a total of 50 samples each of different volumes (20 and 1 L) were selected. The samples were processed at the Microbiology laboratory at St. Xavier's College, Maitighar, Kathmandu. The microbiological assessments were performed as per the methods described in the American Public Health Association, 2005. Out of 100 samples, 48% of samples were found to be contaminated with total coliform. Escherichia coli was the predominant strain among the coliforms. Multidrug‐resistant E. coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from the 48 bottled water. Treat assessment test revealed that 88.23% of the isolated E. coli produced β hemolytic colonies, while 11.77% did not show hemolytic colonies, 100% E. aerogenes colonies were not able to develop hemolytic colonies and 100%, P. aeruginosa colonies gave β hemolytic colonies, respectively. Chi–square test shows that there is a significant association (p ≤ .05) between fecal coliform and volume of the vessel (i.e., 20 and 1 L), bottle type (i.e., unscratched and undented and scratched and/or dented), season (i.e., monsoon and postmonsoon), and total coliform. Chi‐square test shows that there is no significant (p > .05) association between Pseudomonas spp and season (i.e., monsoon and postmonsoon). Out of 100 samples, 48% of samples were found to be contaminated with total coliform. Microorganisms survive in bottled water as they have many nutrients required for the microorganism in ionic form. Surveillance is lacking by the license‐providing organizations followed by governmental organizations.
Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of phlorizin from Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd in diabetes rats
Authors: Zhang Wei , Chen Shiqi , Fu Hualin , Shu Gang , Tang Huaqiao , Zhao Xiaoling , Chen Yang , Huang Xiangyue , Zhao Ling , Yin Lizi , Lv Cheng , Lin Juchun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of phlorizin on sweet tea in rats with diabetes. Diabetic rat model was established by feeding with HFD (high‐fat diet) and then treating with intraperitoneal injection of STZ (streptozocin). The experiments were divided into therapeutic and preventive experiments. In both experiments, rats were divided into normal, diabetic control, positive control, and phlorizin groups. Symptoms of diabetes, fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, serum lipid parameters, and pathological changes in the pancreas and liver were evaluated. It was found that the symptoms of diabetes were improved by phlorizin treatment. In addition, phlorizin could decrease FBG, improve serum lipid levels, protect against damaged pancreas islet, and decrease fat deposition in hepatic cells. These effects of phlorizin can be shown only attain to a certain dosage. It can be concluded that phlorizin has the therapeutic and preventive effects on hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia in diabetes rats.