bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comercio de leña en el municipio de Cucaita en la década de 1950
Authors: Vanegas-Toba Elsa Yaneth 
Published: February 2021

Este artículo aborda, como tema central, el comercio de leña en el municipio de Cucaita en la década de 1950. Tiene como propósito evidenciar el contexto económico, laboral y social de la población y, a la par, el desarrollo de esta actividad económica. Las actividades económicas de la población cucaitense para la época, giraban en torno al sector agrícola, destacándose los cultivos de cereales como el trigo, la cebada y la avena –estos para la zona baja y plana-; en el páramo se destacaba el cultivo de papa y en menor medida el desarrollo de la ganadería. De ahí que paralelo al comercio de la leña se desarrollara también el de otros productos como harinas tostadas, cuchucos, huevos, leche, arepas y quesos. Por lo tanto, el proceso metodológico se desenvuelve desde la historia ambiental, a partir de los testimonios de los pobladores del municipio, quienes manifiestan la importancia de esta actividad económica para atravesar determinadas dificultades económicas; de igual manera, se refiere al impacto ambiental detonado por este tipo de comercio, que todavía persiste en la actualidad.
Comprensión de la Violencia Escolar en Colombia
Authors: Caballero-León Laura Marcela 
Published: February 2021

El artículo presenta el estado del arte de los estudios colombianos sobre violencia escolar, privilegiando las publicaciones elaboradas desde las facultades de educación del país. Ofrece un recorrido histórico del surgimiento de las investigaciones referidas al tema de la violencia escolar desde el contexto nacional, latinoamericano y global, con la descripción de las tendencias y enfoques que han predominado en el análisis del problema y un estado del debate que cuestiona el proceso de construcción teórica del concepto violencia escolar. El periodo de indagación abarca desde la década del 90. Metodológicamente, la propuesta se orientó a indagar por las investigaciones sobre violencia escolar realizadas desde las facultades de educación que responde al interés epistemológico y político de la pregunta por la violencia en la escuela. Además de construir un balance del estado de la cuestión, el artículo plantea nuevos problemas de investigación derivados del conocimiento sobre la producción intelectual de un tema específico en el campo educativo: La violencia Escolar. Se ubica especialmente en la pregunta por los sujetos y la constitución de subjetividades a partir de lo que se dice sobre la escuela, los estudiantes y la violencia. El artículo concluye que la violencia escolar se constituyó como problema desde el discurso gubernamental y de allí se ubicó en la escuela. En torno al concepto violencia escolar existe aún un vacío epistemológico no resuelto. La distancia entre los conceptos violencia y escuela unidos en la categoría violencia escolar puede estar generando importantes contradicciones entre los diseños educativos para la solución de conflictos y las estrategias de educación para la paz en la escuela.
Schirmer strip and conjunctival swab for viral detection on the ocular surface of adults: a scoping review
Authors: Sabage Luís Expedito , Mazzo Alessandra , Sabage Josmar , Olivo Taylor Endrigo Toscano , Santos Carlos Ferreira dos , Lourençone Luiz Fernando Manzoni 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose Schirmer Strips and Conjunctival swabs are used in ophthalmology for tears and fluids collection. During the COVID-19 pandemic, one of the biggest challenges is accurate diagnosis, and it is known that, in some cases, ocular manifestations are one of the first symptoms. In this context, this study has the objective of raising scientific evidence that highlights the use of Schirmer strips and conjunctival swabs as a method of sample collection for viral analysis to support future research on this theme. Methods A literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science and BVS databases, following the Scoping Review protocol defined by Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) after the guiding question “Is it possible to detect viruses on the ocular surface with Schirmer Test and/or conjunctival swab?”.Results A total of 418 studies were identified, and after discerning analysis, 36 English written studies were selected. Three researchers analyzed studies after virus research, collection methods, and sample analysis. Publications were mainly on adenovirus, herpes simplex virus and SARS-CoV-2, and there is also evidence of ocular detection of more viruses types. Conjuntival swab analyzed through Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) or Reverse Transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) were the most used methods.Conclusions Studies have generally been conducted to understand viral infection, to develop accurate diagnostic methods and to follow the patients’ response to treatment. Most studies were performed with a small number of patients and lacked clear definitions of collection time and viral persistence since the onset of diseases. Viruses can be detected on the ocular surface through the analysis of Schirmer strips and conjunctival swabs. However, additional studies with larger populations and time permanence are necessary to develop more assertive conclusions on the theme.
Lesion Segmentation in Breast Ultrasound Images using Optimized Marked Watershed Method
Authors: Shen Xiaoyan , Ma He , Liu Ruibo , Li Hong , He Jiachuan , Wu Xinran 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is one of the most serious diseases threatening women’s health. Early screening based on ultrasound can help to detect and treat tumors in early stage. However, due to the lack of radiologists with professional skills, ultrasound based breast cancer screening has not been widely used in rural area. Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) technology can eﬀectively alleviates this problem. Since Breast Ultrasound (BUS) images have low resolution and speckle noise, lesion segmentation, which is an important step in CAD system, is challenging.Results: Two datasets were used for evaluation. Dataset A comprises 500 BUS images from local hospitals, while dataset B comprises 205 BUS images from open source. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperformed its related classic segmentation methods and the state-of-the-art deep learning model, RDAU–NET. And its’ Accuracy(Acc), Dice eﬃcient(DSC) and Jaccard Index(JI) reached 96.25%, 78.4% and 65.34% on dataset A, and ACC, DC and Sen reached 97.96%, 86.25% and 88.79% on dataset B.Conclusions: We proposed an adaptive morphology snake based on marked watershed(AMSMW) algorithm for BUS images segmentation. It was proven to be robust, eﬃcient and eﬀective. In addition, it was found to be more sensitive to malignant lesions than benign lesions. What’s more, since the Rectangular Region of Interest(RROI) in the proposed method is drawn manually, we will consider adding deep learning network to automatically identify RROI, and completely liberate the hands of radiologists.Methods: The proposed method consists of two main steps. In the ﬁrst step, we used Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization(CLAHE) and Side Window Filter(SWF) to preprocess BUS images. Therefore, lesion contours can be eﬀectively highlighted and the inﬂuence of noise can be eliminated to a great extent. In the second step, we proposed adaptative morphology snake(AMS) as an embedded segmentation function of AMSMW. It can adjust working parameters adaptively, according to diﬀerent lesions’ size. By combining segmentation results of AMS with marker region obtained by morphological method, we got the marker region of marked watershed (MW). Finally, we obtained candidate contours by MW. And the best lesion contour was chosen by maximum Average Radial Derivative(ARD).
Energy consumption and economic development in Guangdong, China: Distribution, relationship and causes
Authors: Hu Mengmeng , Wang Yafei , Xia Beicheng , Huang Guohe 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Analysing the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth is essential to achieve the goal of sustainable development. We employ hot spot analysis to discover the spatial agglomeration of GDP per capita and energy intensity in Guangdong, China, from 2005–2018. Furthermore, panel vector autoregression coupled with a system generalized method of moments is performed to examine the dynamic causal relationship between energy consumption and economic growth under the framework of the Cobb-Douglas production function. Using a multivariate model and grouped studies based on the differences in regional economic development, we show that the GDP per capita of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) is significantly higher than that of the peripheral municipalities. However, energy intensity shows an entirely different spatial distribution. The development of the regional economy depends on its own “assembling effect”. GDP explains approximately 68.3% of the total variation in energy consumption in the PRD and only approximately 34.5% of that in the peripheral municipalities. We do not confirm Granger causality between energy consumption and economic development. Guangdong can decrease its energy consumption growth without substantially sacrificing its economic growth. The analysis framework of this paper has significant implications for regions in balancing economic development and energy consumption.
Efficient Molecular Modelling of Butterfly-Shaped Hole Transport Materials With Remarkable Photovoltaic Properties For High-Performance Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Mehboob Muhammad Yasir , Adnan Muhammad , Hussain Riaz , Irshad Zobia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Currently, organic solar cells (OSCs) with non-fullerene electron acceptors offer the highest efficiencies among all reported OSCs. To further improve the efficiencies and stabilities of fullerene-free organic solar cells, end-capped acceptor variations is built with strong electron withdrawing groups. In this report, we have theoretically calculated five new butterfly-shaped fullerene-free acceptors (FD1-FD6) by making end-capped modifications on reference molecule (R) with the purpose to study the improvement in photophysical, opto-electronic, and photo-voltaic properties of newly designed molecules by employing density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent (TD-DFT). Besides, some properties like position of frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), excitation and binding energy, hole-electron overlap, density of states, overlap density of states, molecular electrostatic potential, open circuit voltage, transition density matrix, and reorganizational energy of electron and hole are also considered and associated with experimentally synthesized reference compound. All calculated molecules displayed a good red-shifting with high charge mobility of electrons among low binding and excitation energies as opposed to reference molecule. Furthermore, all designed molecules (FD1-FD6) and the reference R shows narrow band-gap along-with great charge shifting capability. This theoretical framework proves that end-capped acceptors variation is a modest and effective strategy to accomplish the desirable opto-electronic properties. Therefore, FD1-FD6 are suggested to experimentalist for out-looking future developments to fabricate highly efficient solar cells devices.
A thinner endometrium is associated with lower newborn birth weight during in vitro fertilization–frozen-embryo transfer: cohort study
Authors: Zhang Yinfeng , Luo Haining , Han Ying , Zhang Bolun , Ma Junfang , Qu Pengpeng , Zhang Yunshan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe purpose of this study is to explore the influence of endometrial thickness (EMT) before embryo transfer on birth weight after in vitro fertilization–frozen-embryo transfer (IVF–FET).MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study. We collected the medical records associated with singleton live births from Tianjin Central Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital from June 2015 to February 2019 after IVF–frozen-embryo transfer (FET). Patients were ≤ 42 years at delivery. Outcomes related to newborns were birth weight, gestational age, delivery mode, low birth weight, and prevalence of macrosomia. Outcomes related to pregnant women were gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus, premature rupture of membranes and placenta previa.ResultsThe birth weight of singleton newborns was higher for newborns delivered by patients with EMT > 12 mm before embryo transfer than newborns delivered by patients with a thinner endometrium. Regression analysis showed that the EMT ≥ 12 mm group had a gain in mean birth weight of 85.107 g compared with that in the EMT < 8 mm group, whereas the group with EMT of 8–12 mm had an increase in mean birth weight of 25.942 g compared with that in the EMT < 8 mm group. Hypertension during pregnancy, premature rupture of membranes, placenta previa, newborn sex, gestational age, delivery mode, number of implanted embryos, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level, estradiol (E2) level, and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) were all independent predictors of newborn birth weight. The regression model for predicting the newborn birth weight was: Y (birth weight) = 25.942×(EMT of 8–12 mm) + 85.107×(EMT > 12 mm) + 123.483×(hypertension during pregnancy) + 148.859×(premature rupture of membranes) + 182.342×(placental position) − 126.242×(newborn sex) + 23.837×(number of days of pregnancy) + 130.487×(delivery mode) − 55.023×(number of implanted embryos) − 6.215×FSH level − 1.124×E2 level + 22.218×BMI − 4468.101.Conclusion(s)EMT before embryo transfer in patients undergoing their first freeze–thaw embryo transfer cycle is related to the weight of newborn singletons. The newborn birth weight for patients with a thinner endometrium is lower. EMT should be increased before embryo transfer to improve neonatal outcomes after fertility treatment.
Roles of Paper Composition and Humidity on the Adhesion between Paper Sheet and Glass: A Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Park Hyunhang , Lee Sung Hoon , Morin Elizabeth I. , Antony Andrew C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Understanding adhesion behavior between paper materials and inorganic substrate is important to minimize surface contamination by paper fragments. In this work, we investigate adhesion mechanisms between paper sheet and glass in terms of molecular interaction. Molecular dynamics simulations are employed to calculate adhesion force between paper sheet and the silica glass surfaces. Pulling and sliding tests are simulated to find the effects of the paper compositions such as mannan, glucan, and glucuronoxylan and humidity on the adhesion. Simulation results reveal that crystalline cellulose film of mannan unit (uni-directional hydroxyl groups) shows higher adhesion than that of glucan unit (bi-directional hydroxyl groups). Also, addition of just a few glucuronoxylan (xylan) hemicellulose molecules on the cellulose film remarkably enhances adhesion force, because of carboxylic acid groups with strong polarity in xylan. In addition, introduction of humidity leads to a further increase of adhesion due to hydrogen bonds bridged by water molecules. The adhesion force is maximized around 10 H2O/nm2 because as the humidity increases, hydrogen bond interactions are saturated, whereas the Van der Waals interactions decrease due to thicker water layer. It is discussed that consideration of the capillary force for paper may result in different adhesion response that reflects more realistic situation.
A Network Meta-analysis and Systematic Review of Left Bundle Branch Pacing, His Bundle Pacing, Biventricular Pacing or RV Pacing in Patients Requiring Permanent Pacemaker
Authors: Tokavanich Nithi , Prasitlumkum Narut , Mongkonsritragoon Wimwipa , Cheungpasitporn Wisit , Thongprayoon Charat , Vallabhajosyula Saraschandra , Chokesuwattanaskul Ronpichai 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Cardiac dyssynchronization is the proposed mechanism for pacemaker-induced cardiomyopathy. The standard of treatment is biventricular pacing. Left bundle branch pacing and His bundle pacing are novel interventions that imitate the natural conductionof the heart with, theoretically, less interventricular dysynchrony. One of the surrogate markers of interventricular synchrony is QRS duration. Our study aimed to compare the change of QRS duration before and after implantation between types of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED): left bundle branch pacing versus His bundle pacing versus biventricular pacing and conventional right ventricular pacing. Methods: A literature search for studies that reported an interval change of QRS duration after CIED implantation was conducted utilizing the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases. All relevant work through September 2020 from these databases was included in this analysis. A random-effects model network meta-analysis was used to analyze QRS duration changes (i.e., electrical cardiac synchronization) across different CIED implantations. Results: The mean study sample size, from 16 included studies, was 185 subjects. According to SUCRA analysis for the studies analyzed, the His bundle pacing intervention resulted in the most dramatic decline in QRS duration (mean difference -53 ms, 95% CI -67, -39), followed by left bundle branch pacing (mean difference -46 ms, 95% CI -60, -33) and biventricular pacing (mean difference -19 ms, 95% CI -37, -1.8), when compared to conventional right ventricle apical lead placement. Conclusion: Our network meta-analysis found that His bundle branch pacing devices have the greatest effect on QRS duration reduction after implantation, followed by left bundle branch pacing. Physiologic pacing interventions result in improved electrocardiography markers of cardiac synchronicity, narrower QRS duration, and might lower electromechanical dyssynchrony.
Anxiety and Internet Research Before Percutaneous Ultrasound-guided Diagnostic Procedures
Authors: Meira Marcio , Bitencourt Almir Galvão Vieira , Travesso Demian Jungklaus , Chojniak Rubens , Barbosa Paula Nicole Vieira Pinto 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Invasive procedures guided by ultrasound (US) are part of the routine medical diagnostic investigation. The lack of knowledge related to technical aspects about them can lead the patient to seek complementary information on the internet, which can trigger anxiety. However, the intersection between the areas of Radiology and Psychology is poorly studied. Here we show the profile of an anxious patient before an US-guided intervention. One hundred thirty-three patients were evaluated. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was applied for psychometry. Higher anxiety scores were significantly observed in female patient, in those who believe they had received inadequate information from the referring physician, and in those who assessed the online information to be unreliable or difficult to access. Patients who defined themselves as proactive in online searching reported lower anxiety. Our results show that the profile of an anxious patient before an US-guided intervention can be established. The recognition of this profile can guide measures to reduce anxiety in patients who will undergo an US-guided invasive procedure.
Graphene Oxide/L-phenylalanine/polymethacrylamide Nanocomposite as an Efficient Fluorescent Nanosensor for Heavy Metals Detection in Aqueous Media
Authors: Barzegarzadeh Mehdi , Amini-Fazl Mohammad Sadegh , Yazdi-Amirkhiz Seyed Yasin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The application and fabrication of grapheme-based nanomaterials have, caught great attention in the field of sensors in recent years. In this study, a graphene oxide (GO)-based heavy metals nanosensor was prepared via the surface reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) method. First, GO was prepared from graphene and was modified with L-phenylalanine (LP). Then a RAFT agent was attached chemically into the surface of GO-LP. Next, GO-LP/polymethacrylamide (GO-LP/PMAM) was prepared via the polymerization of methacrylamide (MAM) monomers on the surface of the GO. The surface morphology and chemical properties of the prepared materials were examined by FT-IR, SEM, TGA, UV and PL techniques. The results of PL indicated that the PL intensity of GO-LP/PMAM compared to GO and GO-LP spectra in the water was stronger. Finally, the modified GO was employed as an excellent nanosensor for the selective detection of Cu (II) ions in the range of 0.25-2 mM (correlation coefficient R2 0.9903). Absence any obvious alteration in the fluorescence intensity after the addition of other metal ions indicated the great selectivity for Cu (II). Based on the experimental results, the surface-functionalized GO with RAFT strategy could be successfully employed as a promising nanosensor for selective detecting of Cu (II) ions.
A Novel Radiomics-Platelet Nomogram for the Prediction of Gastroesophageal Varices Needing Treatment in Cirrhotic Patients
Authors: Lin Yiken , Li Lijuan , Yu Dexin , Liu Zhuyun , Zhang Shuhong , Wang Qiuzhi , Li Yueyue , Cheng Baoquan , Qiao Jianping , Gao yanjing 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background and aimsHighly accurate noninvasive methods for predicting gastroesophageal varices needing treatment (VNT) are desired. Radiomics is a newly emerging technology of image analysis. This study aims to develop and validate a novel noninvasive method based on radiomics for predicting VNT in cirrhosis.MethodsIn this retrospective-prospective study, a total of 245 cirrhotic patients were divided as the training set, internal validation set and external validation set. Radiomics features were extracted from portal-phase computed tomography (CT) images of each patient. A radiomics signature (Rad-score) was constructed with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm and 10-folds cross-validation in the training set. Combined with independent risk factors, a radiomics nomogram was built with a multivariate logistic regression model. ResultsThe rad-score, consisting of 14 features from the gastroesophageal region and 5 from the splenic hilum region, was effective for VNT classification. The diagnostic performance was further improved by combining the rad-score with platelet counts, achieving an AUC of 0.987(95% CI, 0.969-1.00), 0.973(95% CI, 0.939-1.00) and 0.947(95% CI, 0.876-1.00) in the training set, internal validation set and external validation set respectively. In efficacy and safety assessment, the radiomics nomogram could spare more than 40% of endoscopic examinations with a low risk of missing VNT (<5%), and no more than 8.3% of unnecessary endoscopic examinations still be performed.Conclusions﻿In this study, we developed and validated a novel, diagnostic radiomics-based nomogram which is a reliable and noninvasive method to predict VNT in cirrhotic patients.