bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transmission of toxigenic Corynebacterium ulcerans infection with airway obstruction from cats to a human
Authors: Wake Koji , Kikuchi Jin , Uchida Masatoshi , Nemoto Masato , Kaji Yoshiyuki , Yokoyama Tatsuya , Suzuki Hiromichi , Fukushima Atsuhito , Yamamoto Akihiko , Iwaki Masaaki , Ono Kazuyuki 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundInfections caused by Corynebacterium ulcerans, a zoonotic pathogen, have been reported worldwide. This microorganism is known to produce the diphtheria toxin and cause diphtheria‐like illness.Case presentationA 63‐year‐old woman with a history of diabetes and hypertension developed cold and flu‐like symptoms, which gradually progressed into respiratory distress. Therefore, the patient was intubated for dyspnea with pseudomembrane formation. A toxin‐producing strain of C. ulcerans was identified, also detected in the patient’s domestic cats. Multilocus sequence typing confirmed all strains, including the patient’s isolate, as ST337.ConclusionMultilocus sequence typing revealed zoonotic transmission of C. ulcerans from domestic cats to a human.
Directed Evolution of Artificial Metalloenzymes in Whole Cells
Authors: Gu Yang , Bloomer Brandon J. , Liu Zhennan , Chen Reichi , Clark Douglas S. , Hartwig John F. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractArtificial metalloenzymes (ArMs), created by introducing synthetic cofactors into protein scaffolds, are an emerging class of catalyst for non‐natural reactions. Although many classes of ArMs are known, in vitro reconstitution of cofactors and proteins has been a limiting step in the high‐throughput screening and directed evolution of ArMs because purification of individual host proteins is time‐consuming. We describe the application of a platform to combine mutants of the P450 enzyme CYP119 and the cofactor Ir(Me)MPIX in vivo, by coexpression of the CYP119 mutants with the heme transporter encoded by the hug operon, to the directed evolution of ArMs containing Ir(Me)MPIX in whole cells. We applied this platform to the development an ArMs catalyzing the insertion of the acyclic carbene from α‐diazopropanoate esters (Me‐EDA) into the N−H bonds of N‐alkyl anilines, a combination of carbene and amine classes for which mutant enzymes of natural hemoproteins previously reacted with low enantioselectivity. The mutants of the artificial metalloenzyme Ir(Me)CYP119 identified by an evolution campaign involving more than 4000 mutants are shown to catalyze the reaction of Me‐EDA with N‐methyl anilines to form chiral chiral amino esters with high TON and good enantioselectivity, thereby demonstrating that the directed evolution of ArMs can rival that of natural enzymes in vivo.
Emergence of a Promiscuous Peroxidase Under Non‐Equilibrium Conditions**
Authors: Pal Sumit , Reja Antara , Bal Subhajit , Tikader Baishakhi , Das Dibyendu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHerein, we report the substrate induced generation of a transient catalytic microenvironment from a single amino acid functionalized fatty acid in presence of a cofactor hemin. The catalytic state accessed under non‐equilibrium conditions showed acceleration of peroxidase activity resulting in degradation of the substrate and subsequently led to disassembly. Equilibrated systems could not access the three‐dimensional microphases and showed substantially lower catalytic activity. Further, the assembled state showed latent catalytic function (promiscuity) to hydrolyze a precursor to yield the same substrate. Consequently, the assembly demonstrated protometabolism by exploiting the peroxidase‐hydrolase cascade to augment the lifetime and the mechanical properties of the catalytic state.
MOF Encapsulating N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Ligated Copper Single‐Atom Site Catalyst towards Efficient Methane Electrosynthesis
Authors: Chen Shenghua , Li Wen‐Hao , Jiang Wenjun , Yang Jiarui , Zhu Jiexin , Wang Liqiang , Ou Honghui , Zhuang Zechao , Chen Mingzhao , Sun Xiaohui , Wang Dingsheng , Li Yadong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe exploitation of highly efficient carbon dioxide reduction (CO2RR) electrocatalyst for methane (CH4) electrosynthesis has attracted great attention for the intermittent renewable electricity storage but remains challenging. Here, N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐ligated copper single atom site (Cu SAS) embedded in metal–organic framework is reported (2Bn‐Cu@UiO‐67), which can achieve an outstanding Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 81 % for the CO2 reduction to CH4 at −1.5 V vs. RHE with a current density of 420 mA cm−2. The CH4 FE of our catalyst remains above 70 % within a wide potential range and achieves an unprecedented turnover frequency (TOF) of 16.3 s−1. The σ donation of NHC enriches the surface electron density of Cu SAS and promotes the preferential adsorption of CHO* intermediates. The porosity of the catalyst facilitates the diffusion of CO2 to 2Bn‐Cu, significantly increasing the availability of each catalytic center.
Enhanced Reactivity of Accessible Protons in Sodalite Cages of Faujasite Zeolite
Authors: Li Xinyu , Han He , Xu Wenqian , Hwang Son‐Jong , Lu Peng , Bhan Aditya , Tsapatsis Michael 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFaujasite (FAU) zeolites (with Si/Al ratio of ca. 1.7) undergo mild dealumination at moderate ion exchange conditions (0.01 to 0.6 M of NH4NO3 solutions) resulting in protons circumscribed by sodalite cages becoming accessible for reaction without conspicuous changes to bulk crystallinity. The ratio of protons in sodalite cages (HSOD) to supercages (HSUP) can be systematically manipulated from 0 to ca. 1 by adjusting ammonium concentrations used in ion exchange. The fraction of accessible protons in the sodalite cages is assessed by virtue of infrared spectra for H‐D exchange of deuterated propane based on the band area ratio of OD2620/OD2680 (ODSOD/ODSUP). Protons in sodalite cages (HSOD) show higher rate constants of propane dehydrogenation (kD) and cracking (kC) than protons in supercages (HSUP) plausibly due to confinement effects being more prominent in smaller voids. Rate constants of dehydrogenation and cracking including kD/kC ratios are also augmented as the fraction of accessible protons in the sodalite cages is enhanced. These effects of accessibility and reactivity of protons in sodalite cages hitherto inconspicuous are revealed herein via methods that systematically increase accessibility of cations located in sodalite cages.
Synthesis and Optical Resolution of Configurationally Stable Zwitterionic Pentacoordinate Silicon Derivatives
Authors: Deis Thomas , Maury Julien , Medici Fabrizio , Jean Marion , Forte Jérémy , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Fensterbank Louis , Lemière Gilles 
Published: November 2021

AbstractStereogenic silicon centres in functionalised tetracoordinated organosilanes generally exhibit very high configurational stability under neutral conditions. This stability drops completely when higher coordination states of the silicon centre are reached due to rapid substituent exchange. Herein we describe the synthesis of chiral and neutral pentacoordinate silicon derivatives with high configurational stability. The zwitterionic nature of these air‐ and water‐tolerant species allows for the first time their direct and efficient optical resolution using chiral HPLC techniques. By means of this method, pentacoordinate silicon compounds exhibiting high Si‐inversion have been obtained as single enantiomers. A rationalisation of the enantiomerisation pathways has been also carried out using DFT calculations.
Deoxygenation of Nitrous Oxide and Nitro Compounds Using Bis(N‐Heterocyclic Silylene)Amido Iron Complexes as Catalysts
Authors: Chen Xi , Wang Hao , Du Shaozhi , Driess Matthias , Mo Zhenbo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHerein, we report the efficient degradation of N2O with a well‐defined bis(silylene)amido iron complex as catalyst. The deoxygenation of N2O using the iron silanone complex 4 as a catalyst and pinacolborane (HBpin) as a sacrificial reagent proceeds smoothly at 50 °C to form N2, H2, and (pinB)2O. Mechanistic studies suggest that the iron–silicon cooperativity is the key to this catalytic transformation, which involves N2O activation, H atom transfer, H2 release and oxygenation of the boron sites. This approach has been further developed to enable catalytic reductions of nitro compounds, producing amino‐boranes with good functional‐group tolerance and excellent chemoselectivity.
Enhanced tribological properties of PEEK‐based composite coatings reinforced by PTFE and graphite
Authors: Liao Yuwen , Cao Lin , Wang Qiwei , Li Shuangjian , Lin Zhidan , Li Wei , Zhang Peng , Yu Chuanyong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe lubricating failure problems caused by friction and wear severely inhibit the regular operation and lifetime of artificial implanted joints. In order to improve their wear resistance effectively, the functional nano/micro‐composite coatings consisted of poly(ether‐ether‐ketone) (PEEK)/graphite/polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) were successfully prepared through electrophoretic deposition and heat treatment. Additionally, the friction and wear behaviors under different loads and lubricating mediums of the composite coatings were investigated systematically. The results show that the composite coating significantly increased the microhardness and wear resistance of PEEK coating. The introduction of graphite and PTFE fillers reduces the wear rates and coefficient of friction (COF) of the composite coating significantly. Especially under 10 N load conditions, the friction and wear tests show that the composite coatings drop by 80% of friction coefficient and an order of magnitude in wear rates compared to that of PEEK coating. The improved wear resistance can be attributed to the synergistic effect of PTFE and graphite fillers. As a result, the graphite provides good load‐bearing capacity and the PTFE lubricant endow a low friction coefficient for the composite coatings. Thus, this study provides a better approach to improve the wear resistance of PEEK‐based coatings.
Synergistic effects of bio‐plasticizer and core–shell rubber on poly(lactic acid) toughness for sustainable flexible packaging applications
Authors: Petchwattana Nawadon , Sukkaneewat Benjatham , Naknaen Phisut , Sanetuntikul Jakkid , Jansri Ektinai 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPoly(lactic acid) (PLA) toughness was improved by blending with tributyrin (TBR) and poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐ethyl acrylate) core–shell rubber (CSR) for toughening purpose. PLA was prepared by melt processing as binary (PLA/TBR or PLA/CSR) and ternary (PLA/TBR/CSR) blends with the total additive contents from 5 to 20 wt%. Ratios of TBR:CSR for the ternary blend were 25:75, 50:50, and 75:25. Based on the experimental results, a suitable formulation for the flexible packaging application was the addition of 5 wt% TBR and 15 wt% CSR. This formulation exhibited the values of strain at break and impact strength of 512% and 862 J/m, respectively. These values were comparable with those observed in low‐density polyethylene (LDPE). Thermal test results indicated some significant changes of the transition temperatures and crystallization behavior which reflected the strong influences of rubbery functions and plasticizing properties of CSR and TBR. Migration test of TBR indicated that the migration rate increased with the test duration. Moreover, samples tested at 100°C exhibited larger amount of migrated TBR than that observed at 50°C.
Systematic review of complications arising from male circumcision
Authors: Iacob Stanca Iris , Feinn Richard S. , Sardi Lauren 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundNeonatal male circumcision is the most common procedure performed on paediatric patients (Simpson et al., 2014) and one of the most common surgical procedures in the world (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2012).MethodsA search was conducted for articles about complications arising from male circumcision surgeries by entering the term ‘male circumcision’ into PubMed on June 16, 2020. Six thousand six hundred forty‐one articles published from 1945 to 2020 were found. Seventy‐eight articles were ultimately selected for the systematic review.ResultsThe 78 articles selected from the literature search were entered into one of three tables. The first table includes 15 articles pertaining to chart reviews and cohort studies and report complication rates. The second table reports specific complications from 51 case reports and case series, and the third table is a summary from 12 articles regarding physician questionnaires and society recommendations. Additionally, the 78 articles were used to compile a list of 47 specific complications arising from male circumcision surgeries.ConclusionsComplications from neonatal male circumcisions are common and healthcare providers need to be better informed of the potential complications of the surgery so that they can more effectively counsel their patients about potential risks, likelihood of complications and what can be done to prevent them. While experienced providers who practice in sterile settings have better outcomes with fewer complications, encouraging parents to take into account who is performing their son's circumcision, what was their training, how clean is their practice and how much experience they have and reminding them they have the option to decline the procedure entirely allow the parents to get a more complete picture and play an essential role in the decision‐making process.
Vitamin D3 enhances the effects of omega‐3 oils against metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease in rat
Authors: Refaat Bassem , Abdelghany Abdelghany H. , Ahmad Jawwad , Abdalla Osama M. , Elshopakey Gehad E. , Idris Shakir , El‐Boshy Mohamed 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of omega‐3 oils (OM) and/or vitamin D3 (VD) against metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Forty rats were divided into negative (NC) and positive (PC) controls, OM, VD, and OM + VD groups, and MAFLD was induced by high‐fat/high‐fructose diet (12 weeks). Oral OM (415 mg/kg/day) and/or intramuscular VD (290 IU/kg/day) were given for 4 weeks (5 times/week). The PC animals were markedly obese and had hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, elevated liver enzymes, abnormal hepatic histology, and increased caspase‐3 with apoptosis than the NC group. The expression of hepatic peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐α (PPAR‐α; 5.3‐fold), insulin induced gene‐1 (INSIG1; 7.8‐fold), adiponectin receptor‐1 (AdipoR1; 4.4‐fold), and leptin receptor (LEPR; 6‐fold) declined, while PPAR‐γ (3.7‐fold) and sterol regulatory element‐binding protein‐1 (SREBP1; 2.4‐fold) increased, in the PC than the NC group. Leptin (2.2‐fold), malondialdehyde (2.1‐fold), protein carbonyl groups (17.3‐fold), IL‐1β (4.4‐fold), IL‐6 (2.1‐fold), TNF‐α (1.8‐fold) also increased, whereas adiponectin (2.8‐fold) glutathione (2.1‐fold), glutathione peroxidase‐1 (2.4‐fold), glutathione reductase (2.2‐fold), catalase (1.4‐fold), and IL‐10 (2.8‐fold) decreased, in the PC livers. Both monotherapies attenuated obesity, metabolic profiles, and PPAR‐γ/SREBP1/leptin/Caspase‐3/apoptosis, while induced PPAR‐α/adiponectin/AdipoR1/LEPR/INSIG1. The monotherapies also reduced the oxidative stress and pro‐inflammatory markers and increased the antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory molecules. However, the OM effects were better than VD monotherapy. Alternatively, the co‐therapy group showed the greatest ameliorations in liver functions, lipid‐regulatory molecules, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. In conclusion, while OM monotherapy was superior to VD, the co‐therapy protocol displayed the best alleviations against MAFLD, possibly by enhanced modulation of metabolic, antioxidant, and anti‐inflammatory pathways.
Analysis of risk factors for mental health problems of inpatients with chronic liver disease and nursing strategies: A single center descriptive study
Authors: Qin Zhu , Shen Yannan , Wu Yuanhao , Tang Haicheng , Zhang Lin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe number of patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) is large. The social and economic burdens due to CLD have increased. The mental health problems of patients with CLD are prominent and deserve our attention and care. This study analyzed 320 patients with CLD who were hospitalized between January 2018 and January 2020. Questionnaire surveys were used to assess mental health status, including the Self‐Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self‐Rating Depression Scale (SDS), and Symptom Checklist‐90 (SCL‐90). At the same time, basic data and potential related factors were collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Among the 320 patients with CLD, 240 (75%) had mental health problems; among the total patients, education levels, occupations, course of disease, annual hospitalizations, complications, and nursing satisfaction were significantly different between the two groups (p < .05). The education levels and occupations of the group without mental health problems were significantly different within the group (p < .05). The SCL‐90 found that the four factors with the highest scores were anxiety (ANX: 33.3%), depression (DEPR: 20.4%), somatization (SOM: 12.9%), and sleep and diet (SD: 9.6%). Logistic regression analysis showed that education levels, course of disease, annual hospitalizations, complications, and nursing satisfaction levels were independent risk factors for the mental health of patients with CLD. Model fitness was checked using the Hosmer–Lemeshow test. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that the area under the curve was 0.84. Patients with CLD have prominent mental health problems and experience many risk factors. It is necessary to adopt individualized psychological interventions and care to improve the quality of life of these patients.
Identification and Analysis of the Biosynthetic Gene Cluster for the Indolizidine Alkaloid Iminimycin in Streptomyces griseus
Authors: Tsutsumi Hayama , Katsuyama Yohei , Tezuka Takeaki , Miyano Rei , Inahashi Yuki , Takahashi Yoko , Nakashima Takuji , Ohnishi Yasuo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIndolizidine alkaloids, which have versatile bioactivities, are produced by various organisms. Although the biosynthesis of some indolizidine alkaloids has been studied, the enzymatic machinery for their biosynthesis in Streptomyces remains elusive. Here, we report the identification and analysis of the biosynthetic gene cluster for iminimycin, an indolizidine alkaloid with a 6‐5‐3 tricyclic system containing an iminium cation from Streptomyces griseus. The gene cluster has 22 genes, including four genes encoding polyketide synthases (PKSs), which consist of eight modules in total. In vitro analysis of the first module revealed that its acyltransferase domain selects malonyl‐CoA, although predicted to select methylmalonyl‐CoA. Inactivation of seven tailoring enzyme‐encoding genes and structural elucidation of four compounds accumulated in mutants provided important insights into iminimycin biosynthesis, although some of these compounds appeared to be shunt products. This study expands our knowledge of the biosynthetic machinery of indolizidine alkaloids and the enzymatic chemistry of PKS.
Intralesional delivery of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in acute myocardial infarction: Review and recommendations
Authors: Kirresh Ali , Candilio Luciano , Stone Gregg W. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPlaque rupture leads to a cascade of events culminating in collagen disruption, tissue factor release, platelet activation and thrombus formation. Pro‐inflammatory conditions, hyperglycemia and smoking predispose to high thrombus burden (HTB) which is an independent predictor of slow or no‐reflow. In patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (GPI) reduce thrombus burden and improve myocardial perfusion. These agents are typically administered systemically via the intravenous route or locally via an intracoronary (IC) route. However, as higher local concentrations of GPI are associated with enhanced platelet inhibition, intralesional (IL) GPI administration may be particularly effective in cases of HTB. Modest‐sized randomized trials comparing IL and IC GPI delivery have reported conflicting outcomes. Some trials have demonstrated improved coronary flow and myocardial perfusion with reduced major adverse cardiac events with IL compared with IC GPI administration, whereas others have shown no significant benefits. Furthermore, although no direct comparison has been made between IL delivery using an aspiration catheter, microcatheter or a dedicated balloon‐based “weeping” infusion‐catheter, improved outcomes have been most consistent following GPI administration at the site of the lesion and thrombus with the dedicated infusion catheter. This review provides an update on the role and outcomes of IL GPI administration in patients with AMI and HTB. Based on the evidence we offer an algorithm demonstrating when to consider IL administration in patients with AMI undergoing intervention. We conclude with a perspective on the management of patients with STEMI and COVID‐19 in whom a prothrombotic state often results in HTB.
Dilated cardiomyopathy associated with celiac disease: A case report
Authors: Elnour Salma , Hashim Maram , Ibrahim Halah 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground: Celiac disease, an immune‐mediated inflammation of the small intestine, occurs in genetically predisposed individuals, and is caused by sensitivity to dietary gluten and related proteins. The global prevalence is approximately 1%. Celiac disease is frequently associated with extra‐intestinal manifestations, including iron deficiency anemia, dermatologic eruptions, type 1 diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease, and connective tissue disorders, but is rarely associated with cardiomyopathy.Case presentation: Our case describes a 33‐year‐old woman, who presented with exertional dyspnea and fatigue, and was diagnosed with severe iron deficiency anemia and dilated cardiomyopathy, secondary to celiac disease. Conclusion: High clinical suspicion is needed to identify celiac disease in patients diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy, as an improvement in cardiac function has been reported with strict adherence to a gluten‐free diet.
Pit viper envenomation in pediatric dogs: 5 cases
Authors: Southern Carl J. , Allen‐Durrance Ashley E. , Schaer Michael 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTreatment of pit viper envenomated puppies (≤6 months old) with antivenom was well tolerated, similar to adult dogs. However, therapeutic guidelines should be established to direct use and prove efficacy in this population.