bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teléfonos móviles, redes sociales y praxis en adolescentes
Authors: Hernández-Ortega José , Rayón-Rumayor Laura 
Published: December 2021

El binomio teléfonos móvil y RRSS en la adolescencia transciende lo tecnológico. Las prácticas de uso tan habituales en su vida cotidiana son ubicuas, pero relativamente invisibles para docentes y familias. Un conocimiento necesario para marcar una hoja de ruta en el diseño de propuestas educativas mediadas por tecnologías móviles. Mediante un estudio descriptivo longitudinal cuantitativo, se identifican niveles de uso y comportamiento con los teléfonos móviles en una muestra (N=645) escolar en ESO-Bachillerato, prestando especial atención a qué aplicaciones son las más empleadas, y el tiempo de uso en función del género y nivel educativo. Los resultados evidencian que el teléfono móvil no se percibe como un sistema de almacenamiento de información, se emplea con una finalidad comunicativa (RRSS) de las que se nutren las aplicaciones de edición de imagen (fotografía-vídeo) y consumo de audiovisuales (vídeos-música). En el segundo año de ESO hay un incremento de aplicaciones y de tiempo empleado frente al móvil. Las diferencias de género suponen brechas significativas en cuanto al uso de RRSS, y el valor de la imagen un punto axiomático en ello. Una praxis que evidencia las amenazas que suscita su empleo, y el reto de diseñar una alfabetización digital ambiciosa que contemple usos responsables de las RRSS, conocimiento sumo informado de los contenidos digitales y la introducción de escenarios comunicativos multimodales para crear y compartir.
The association of mobile phones and social networks during adolescence surpasses technological considerations. These practices, while extremely common and ubiquitous in adolescents’ daily lives, are relatively invisible to teachers and families. It is, therefore, necessary to establish a roadmap in the design of educational proposals enhanced by mobile technologies. Through a quantitative longitudinal descriptive study, levels of use and behavior with mobile phones are identified in a sample (N=645) of Secondary School and Baccalaureate students. Special attention, which we disaggregate by gender and education level, is paid to the most commonly used apps and to time of use. Results show that the mobile phone is not only identified as an information storage system, but it is also used for a communicative purpose (social media) which is supported by image editing applications (photography-video) and audiovisual consumption (videos- music). In the second year of Secondary Education there is an increase in the use of apps and in the time spent using mobile phones. There are significant differences in relation to gender in the use of social media, being the value of the image an axiomatic point in this difference. Results show the threats inherent in the use of mobile phones and highlight the challenges when it comes to designing an ambitious praxis of digital literacy that contemplates responsible uses of social media, highly informed knowledge of digital content and the introduction of multimodal communication scenarios that favour sharing creative processes.
ERA Acute – Extending an Environmental Risk Assessment Model to the Marginal Ice Zone
Authors: Stephansen Cathrine , Brude Odd Willy , Bjørgesæter Anders , Brönner Ute , Waterloo Tonje Rogstad , Kjeilen-Eilertsen Grethe 
Published: December 2021

ERA Acute is a globally applicable method and software tool for environmental risk assessment (ERA) of acute oil spills (Stephansen et. al, 2017a and 2017b; Libre et al, 2018), and is to be implemented as the new industry standard ERA methodology on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS). This paper describes the proposed adaptation and further development of the established ERA Acute method to enhance the functionality for ERA of acute oil spills in the Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ).
Due to the highly dynamic nature of the MIZ, the pilot ERA Acute MIZ proposes to use high temporal resolution data on ice concentrations and presence of Valued Ecosystem Components (VECs) in newly developed functions to calculate impacts in the MIZ.
Based on literature and preliminary sensitivity tests; parameter values and risk functions have been proposed for the MIZ (ice concentrations in intervals between 10–80 %). The functions reflect that presence of ice reduces the available space for surface activities; foraging, diving, entering and exiting the water and concentrates the oil in the same space between ice floes. These functions will now be further revised, tested and implemented in a software tool. This paper presents the proposed ERA Acute MIZ methodology.
The importance of well-developed Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) operational procedures in improving surveillance operations in oil spill response
Authors: Januszewska Marta , Pringle James 
Published: December 2021

Abstract: 1141599
To utilise UAV's through contracted service providers required the creation of established and standardised operating protocols that can be mobilised to fulfil specific roles in spill response. As part of the process OSRL looked at the typical operating parameters of commercially available UAV's . Through engaging with UAV provides, working with industry partners, and carrying out field trials, OSRL was able to identify applications, develop procedures and prove them in-field and trial them on exercise and spills.
Implementation of new spill response technology through multi-level exercises in the South Baltic Area
Authors: Siewert Marcus , Saathoff Fokke , Fürst Sebastian 
Published: December 2021

INTRODUCTION
The use of new methods and gear in oil spill response requires a profound knowledge on the logistics, the handling and the expected results within the response team. This includes responders in the field, on scene commanders and spill response managers likewise. Within the project SBOIL (2016-2019) the airborne application of biodegradable sorbents and subsequent offshore and onshore recovery was introduced in the South Baltic Area. To ensure a successful implementation, a holistic training concept, including three different types of training, was developed and executed.
Oil Spill Response Planning For Amazon Region–A Crude Carrier Study Case
Authors: Brandao Marcus Vinicius Lisboa , Esteves Rodrigo Cochrane 
Published: December 2021

It is well-known that an adequate planning process is paramount for a response success in oil spill events. This is especially true for tankers leakages due to its dynamic nature and potential to cause severe environmental harms. Moreover, one of the most challenging planning dimensions for an adequate response is, certainly, the human and material mobilization logistics, which can be strongly limited in remote regions. In South America, one of the most worldwide preserved rainforest areas, the Amazon, which consists of more than 5 million square kilometers and contains a thousand rivers, is also one of the most remote area, with important logistics challenges for almost any human activity.
Despite all these difficulties, however, since 1986 Brazil has been producing an average of 35.000 bpd of oil at Urucu Field, located close to the city of Coari, around 400 miles from the province capital, Manaus. Once produced, this oil is pumped through a pipeline until a terminal at Solimões river, where is loaded in tankers destined to Manaus. Although contingency facilities exist in these two cities, there is no support installation in any point over the 342 nautical miles of the journey.
Therefore, this study aimed at identifying the major operational risks of this naval transport and at analyzing some specific contingency planning aspects. Initially, a total of 12 safety critical areas were identified during a field inspection trip along Solimões and Amazon rivers. For each point, a qualitative risk analysis was developed, using tropical environmental sensitivities indexes and an empirical oil slick forecast modelling, as well as an oil weathering modelling using the ADIOS2 computational package. Finally, a verification checklist with a scorecard system was developed and applied, in order to assess the oil spill response feasibility and rank the critical spots over the rivers courses.
For all the points evaluated, around 30% of all accidental hypothesis were associated with a catastrophic risk, with most being identified as potentially causing a severe environmental impact. Besides, all the estimated response times calculated were insufficient to avoid oiling of the riverbanks. Finally, due also to strong currents and other limiting environmental conditions, all critical point displayed low scores for the response feasibility evaluation, with poor logistics being a key parameter. From these results, navigational safety recommendations and oil spill response planning guidelines were developed in order to minimize an accident occurrence probability and, hence, the risk associated with it.
New Risk-Based Framework for Oil Spill Response Planning Requirements – Ports and Oil Terminals – A Brazilian Study Case
Authors: Esteves Rodrigo Cochrane , Pereira Anna Carolina , Possobon Rodrigo Zapelini , Xavier Gustavo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In 2000, Brazil experienced its most relevant oil spill accident until today: 1.3 thousand cubic meters (c.m.) of crude oil were leaked from a pipeline to the waters of Guanabara Bay, in Rio de Janeiro. Therefore, in 2001 the Government implemented a federal legislation requiring oil spill response plans (OSRP) which was strongly inspired in the United States requirement for ports and terminals. In 2016, an interdisciplinary task force was initiated to improve this legislation. Thus, a new risk-based framework was developed in order to better engage some of the environmental and social-economical complexities of Brazil as adequate inputs for the oil spill response planning process. This methodology was expanded from the guidelines published by International Association of Oil & Gas Producers (IOGP).
First, the concept of sensitive receptors were introduced to describe any valuable element that can be harmed by the spill. These were selected from environmental sensitivities, protection areas, wildlife occurrence, human occupation, tourism and fisheries, among others. These criticalities were categorized in five classes using an oil slick forecast modelling results for different spill volumes such as the minimum time to reach these receptors and oiling probability. After this, they were associated with certain spill volumes, resulting in three possible requirement levels. Consequently, the minimum response capability demand for the facility is calculated, as well as tactical and logistics plans. This new approach not only optimizes the allocation of first response equipment at the highest risk spots, but also regulates the sharing of these capabilities when there is a concentration of these facilities.
In this paper, this methodology was applied to a major oil terminal located in a high sensitivity area at Ilha Grande Bay, in Rio de Janeiro. The worst-case scenario was around 6.923 c.m., which allowed the identification of 116 vulnerable receptors. Of these, 02 were identified as having high criticality and, therefore, were prioritized for response planning. The minimum nominal response capability was estimated as being equal to 4.760 m3/day for full deployment condition after the initial 60 hours. This value is about 25% higher than that predicted in facility's existing OSRP. However, with the application of resource sharing rules, the amount of equipment staged on site is equal to only 1298 m3/d, allowing a significant optimization due to logistics processes after the initial 24h.
OILMAP and ArcGIS provide qualitative validation of USCG Sector Geographic Response Strategies
Authors: Arendt Sydney , Persun Michael , Bergondo Deanna , McGrath Gabrielle 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
With the promulgation of the Coast Guard's requirement for Geographic Response Strategies (GRS) Tiered Validation levels, oil spill modeling transitioned from being a reactive tool to a predictive instrument that can guide the placement of limited mission critical resources (boom, boats, personnel, skimmers, etc.) based on threats from current or forecasted operations. In collaboration with the RPS Group, the Coast Guard's Sector Delaware Bay and District Five, members of the Coast Guard Academy employed the OILMAP Oil Spill Modelling Program with ArcGIS to test and validate operational Area Contingency Plan's (ACP) Geographic Response Strategies (GRS). OILMAP is a rapid and effective modelling system that allows for accurate observation of oil movement and weathering. The scenarios were manipulated to effectively test the booming strategies currently in place and worst-case winds at 5 and 10 knots were utilized. The project also identified discrepancies with projected strategies due to changes in the environment. In subsequent studies, the OILMAP output layers of shoreline oiling and oil particle location were combined with the publicly available Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) shoreline data to quantify the impact of booming strategies. The success observed in both the qualitative and quantitative analysis show great promise in the future of establishing a methodology to optimize booming strategies based on data-driven scenarios tailored to each unique spill, season and weather condition.
Moving the dial through collaboration – The Global Response Network
Authors: Jørgensen Kåre-L. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
For many years there have been lots of Oil Spill Response Organizations (OSROs) worldwide. Their organization, concept of operations and skills have to a large extend been tailored to their specific areas of operations, members demand and the OSROs own practice and experience. Collaboration between OSROs has been somewhat limited.
During the last decade, the post-Macondo follow up has showed – and strengthened – the necessity of tiered preparedness, hence the importance of collaboration between different oil spill response organizations has raised to another level. One arena which has evolved tremendously during the last decade, has been the Global Response Network – GRN. The dial can surely be said to have moved considerably towards closer collaboration.
The Global Response Network (GRN) exists to share information, improve spill response performance and provide centers of expertise in spill preparedness, response and recovery techniques. It is a forum for oil spill response organizations to improve their individual performance and effectiveness by: fostering strong collaborative relationships between Members;establishing functional teams to exchange operating information, response techniques and share good practice; andassisting oil companies and other stakeholders to enhance industry standards for spill response.
The GRN will operate under an Executive Committee (EC) framework which purpose is to determine the broad strategic direction of the GRN.
The EC is also reviewing and assessing the work of the functional teams operating under the EC, known as the Operational Teams (OTs).
During the last decade, the OTs have developed into a global, functional group of experts working across nations and boundaries. The OT's represents the operational expertise within the OSROs and have become the bodies to operationalize and implement the Good Practice Guidelines developed through IPIECA post-Macondo. Having this body – or structure – of experts to support the industry (and IPIECA) has proven important.
This presentation will describe how the last decade has made improvements in collaboration between OSROs and different agencies – both regulators, companies, agencies, the public and responder – to make oil spill response more efficient, standardized and created a better understanding of the importance of having a good, well-functioned oil spill response.
Oil spill trajectory prediction assessment using multi model ocean currents - case study of MT Dawn Oil spill 2017
Authors: Prasad SJ , Balakrishnan Nair TM , Vijayalakshmi T 
Published: December 2021

Abstract 684276
An assessment was carried out to judge the performance of the modeled ocean currents in oil spill trajectory prediction. Ocean circulation is the key factor in determining the drift pattern of the spilled marine oil pollutant. General National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Operational Modeling Environment (GNOME), an oil spill trajectory model, in diagnostic mode was set for simulating drift pattern of Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO). On 28 January 2017, 0345 hrs, Indian Standard Time (IST), approximately 196.4 MT of HFO was spilled due to vessel collision. The oil spill model was set and run during 28-Jan-2017 to 05-Feb-2017 with 196 tons of HFO. Wind velocity fields were obtained from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The modeled ocean currents were obtained from High resolution Operational Ocean Forecasting and reanalysis System (HOOFS) with two model set ups such as Indian ocean (IO) and Bay Of Bengal (BOB). Ocean current pattern were also obtained from Hybrid Co-ordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) and Global Ocean Data Assimilation System (GODAS) based Modular Ocean Model (GM4P1). The oil drift patterns were simulated individually for the spillage due to MT Dawn vessel, by forcing GNOME with the above said wind and ocean currents. Radar data obtained for 29-Jan-2017, from Sentinel -1A was processed for detecting oil slicks. The respective drift patterns obtained were compared individually with the oil slick signatures of Sentinel -1A on 29-Jan-2017. It was found that the drift pattern obtained while using the ocean currents of HOOFS_BOB was in better agreement with that of the observed slicks. Unlike other oil drift patterns, offshore spread of the slicks are well captured while using the ocean currents of HOOFS_BOB. This paper illustrates the method of oil spill trajectory prediction using various ocean currents and validating the simulated drift with the ground truth. It also emphasize the need of using various modeled ocean currents in assessing the performance of oil spill trajectory model.
Kazakhstan experience in adopting NEBA within its legal framework
Authors: Amanzholova Dinara , Taylor Peter M. , Sadvokassova Aliya , Dospayeva Gulnara 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Kazakhstan's legal framework concerning oil spill issues has been reviewed and updated during 2015–2019, driven by the adoption of good international practice. Ensuring the full response toolkit is available and options are chosen to mitigate the overall impact of an incident were critical principles. The Oil Spill Preparedness Regional Initiative (OSPRI), in conjunction with national industry (North Caspian Operating Company - NCOC and KazMunaiGaz - KMG), shared the net Environmental Benefit Analysis (NEBA) approach and later the Spill Impact Mitigation Assessment (SIMA) with key agencies and authorities as part of this effort.
As the first step, workshops and seminars on NEBA were organized at local and national levels. These were facilitated by international experts and national consultants to build awareness and understanding.
The second step was to embed NEBA within the legal framework. The legal system has a strong hierarchy including Codes, Laws and Orders. The National Contingency Plan (2015), approved by Order, acknowledged NEBA and gave impetus to develop additional legislation on the NEBA process. To ensure proper legal force, it was suggested to embed NEBA higher up the hierarchy, in the Subsoil Use Code (2017).
Practical implementation of NEBA (during simulation exercises) and review by authorities of a draft NEBA report prepared by NCOC, revealed that the process required further clarification. It was not clear how NEBA should be presented in contingency plans, for authorities' review and approval i.e. whether it should be a separate report or incorporated within the plan. It was mooted that proposed amendments to the Environmental Code would aid clarification.
In order to support a coherent process of contingency plans' approval, NEBA should be supported by a suitable and recognized implementation methodology. The SIMA methodology has been proposed as an option in Kazakhstan. Work on the Environmental Code's amendments, incorporating suitable clarifications, is expected to be completed in 2020.
Based on the experience of NEBA adoption in Kazakhstan, cooperation between industry and authorities, exercises and workshops leads to positive results. The process has taken some years, as capacity building and legislative developments were required, but is reaching a successful conclusion. This will inform the choice of response options for any future incidents, to achieve least overall ecological and socio-economic impacts.
Good Practices for In-situ Burning of Marshes Based on Two Decades of Responses in Louisiana
Authors: Michel Jacqueline , Zengel Scott 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Spills that result in oiled marshes provide unique challenges for responders because intensive removal methods can cause additional harm and slow overall recovery of the habitat. These issues are of particular concern for spills that affect the marsh interior, where access is limited, often resulting in extensive damage from foot and vessel traffic. In Louisiana, extensive marshes are crossed by numerous pipelines and oil wells, and spills can result in heavy oiling of interior habitats in remote locations. Thus, in-situ burning (ISB) is often considered as the best response option. Monitoring of in-situ burns in marshes has provided the scientific basis for evaluating the conditions under which a burn can speed recovery. The lessons learned from multiple burns in Louisiana over the period 2000–2019 include: the burned area can be much greater than oiled area, so the potential for a larger burn should be explicitly considered and planned for; a water layer over the marsh soil is preferred but not required under all conditions; water-saturated soils are required; ISB can be used weeks post-spill to remove oil, but it will not prevent vegetation mortality from oil exposure prior to the burn; oil that penetrates into the substrates or is released below the marsh surface may persist after burning; select ISB as an option early, to prevent damage from foot traffic, etc.; vegetative recovery usually occurs within 1–2 growing seasons; burning can result in a change in dominant plant species; and ISB is very appropriate for small spills in the marsh interior where access for manual removal can cause extensive damage.
Review of the Science behind Oil Spill Fate Models: Are Updates Needed?
Authors: Zhao Lin , Nedwed Timothy , Mitchell Douglas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOil spill models play an important role in the oil spill response decision making and contingency planning processes. The current generation of spill models mostly use Lagrangian based particle tracking random walk methods for oil transport processes combined with individual algorithms for oil fate processes (Spaulding, 2017). The fate of near surface oil movement is modeled using algorithms describing oil spreading, evaporation, emulsification, entrainment, dissolution, and biodegradation. These fate processes are applied to oil in the Lagrangian particle tracking elements to alter the physical and chemical properties of the oil, and subsequently the oil behavior.In this paper, we review the major algorithms used in oil spill models and identify the science and physics underpinning them. For each, we evaluated how far the science has advanced since the algorithms were developed to identify those that could be upgraded based on current understanding. We also identified algorithms where future research is needed because the physical and chemical behaviors are not fully understood. These areas include the spreading behavior of surface slicks, surface-slick emulsification, and the physical transport of small oil droplets near the air-water interface.