bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“You Say Severe, I Say Mild”: Toward an Empirical Classification of Dysarthria Severity
Authors: Stipancic Kaila L. , Palmer Kira M. , Rowe Hannah P. , Yunusova Yana , Berry James D. , Green Jordan R. 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
The main purpose of this study was to create an empirical classification system for speech severity in patients with dysarthria secondary to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) by exploring the reliability and validity of speech-language pathologists' (SLPs') ratings of dysarthric speech.

Method:
Ten SLPs listened to speech samples from 52 speakers with ALS and 20 healthy control speakers. SLPs were asked to rate the speech severity of the speakers using five response options: normal, mild, moderate, severe, and profound. Four severity-surrogate measures were also calculated: SLPs transcribed the speech samples for the calculation of speech intelligibility and rated the effort it took to understand the speakers on a visual analog scale. In addition, speaking rate and intelligible speaking rate were calculated for each speaker. Intrarater and interrater reliability were calculated for each measure. We explored the validity of clinician-based severity ratings by comparing them to the severity-surrogate measures. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were conducted to create optimal cutoff points for defining dysarthria severity categories.

Results:
Intrarater and interrater reliability for the clinician-based severity ratings were excellent and were comparable to reliability for the severity-surrogate measures explored. Clinician severity ratings were strongly associated with all severity-surrogate measures, suggesting strong construct validity. We also provided a range of values for each severity-surrogate measure within each severity category based on the cutoff points obtained from the ROC analyses.

Conclusions:
Clinician severity ratings of dysarthric speech are reliable and valid. We discuss the underlying challenges that arise when selecting a stratification measure and offer recommendations for a classification scheme when stratifying patients and research participants into speech severity categories.
Comparisons of transformer thermal behaviours between conventional disc type and S disc type windings
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Liu Qiang , Wang Zhongdong , Wilkinson Mark 
Published: November 2021

AbstractControlling the highest temperature in the windings is the primary objective of transformer thermal design to guarantee designed transformer thermal life expectancy. Temperature rise test results of a transformer with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling results are compared here to determine typical OD and ON flow rates in the transformer. It then presents CFD studies that compare the thermal behaviour of two types of disc‐type windings. The S disc‐type winding refers to one that has only axial cooling ducts and physically resembles a layer‐type winding. The other type is of conventional disc‐type winding. The S disc‐type winding shows robust thermal performance due to its quasi‐uniform flow distributions in the axial cooling ducts, irrespective of the total oil flow rates or the cooling modes. In contrast, the conventional disc‐type windings converted from the S disc‐type winding experience uneven flow distributions in the radial cooling ducts that can cause localised overheating. Control of oil flow distribution in conventional disc‐type windings is found critical for its thermal design. Heat transfer for the S disc‐type winding is further enhanced by axially partitioning the winding into multiple sections, which is optimized based on theoretical analyses and is then verified by CFD modelling.
The ionised and molecular mass of post-common-envelope planetary nebulae
Authors: Santander-García M. , Jones D. , Alcolea J. , Bujarrabal V. , Wesson R. 
Published: November 2021

Context. Most planetary nebulae (PNe) show beautiful, axisymmetric morphologies despite their progenitor stars being essentially spherical. Close binarity is widely invoked to help eject an axisymmetric nebula, after a brief phase of engulfment of the secondary within the envelope of the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star, known as the common envelope (CE). The evolution of the AGB would thus be interrupted abruptly, with its still quite massive envelope being rapidly ejected to form the PN, which a priori would be more massive than the PN coming from a single version of the same star.
Aims. We aim to test this hypothesis by investigating the ionised and molecular masses of a sample consisting of 21 post-CE PNe, roughly one-fifth of the known total population of these objects, and to compare them to a large sample of ‘regular’ (i.e. not known to arise from close-binary systems) PNe.
Methods. We gathered data on the ionised and molecular content of our sample from the literature, and carried out molecular observations of several previously unobserved objects. We derived the ionised and molecular masses of the sample by means of a systematic approach, using tabulated, dereddened Hβ fluxes to find the ionised mass, and 12CO J = 2–1 and J = 3–2 observations to estimate the molecular mass.
Results. There is a general lack of molecular content in post-CE PNe. Our observations only reveal molecule-rich gas around NGC 6778, which is distributed into a low-mass, expanding equatorial ring lying beyond the ionised broken ring previously observed in this nebula. The only two other objects showing molecular content (from the literature) are NGC 2346 and NGC 7293. Once we derive the ionised and molecular masses, we find that post-CE PNe arising from single-degenerate (SD) systems are just as massive, on average, as members of the ‘regular’ PNe sample, whereas post-CE PNe arising from double-degenerate systems are considerably more massive, and show substantially higher linear momentum and kinetic energy than SD systems and ‘regular’ PNe. Reconstruction of the CE of four objects, for which a wealth of data on the nebulae and complete orbital parameters are available, further suggests that the mass of SD nebulae actually amounts to a very small fraction of the envelope of their progenitor stars. This leads to the uncomfortable questions of where the rest of the envelope is and why we cannot detect it in the stars’ vicinity, raising serious doubts about our understanding of these intriguing objects.
cis-Aconitic Acid, a Constituent of Echinodorus grandiflorus Leaves, Inhibits Antigen-Induced Arthritis and Gout in Mice
Authors: de Oliveira Diego Pinto , Garcia Eliana de Faria , de Oliveira Mariana Assíria , Candido Luiza C. M. , Coelho Fernanda M. , Costa Vivian Vasconcelos , Batista Nathália Vieira , Queiroz-Junior Celso Martins , Brito Larissa Froede , Sousa Lirlândia Pires , Souza Daniele G. , Amaral Flávio Almeida , de Pádua Rodrigo Maia , Teixeira Mauro Martins , Braga Fernão Castro 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
cis-Aconitic acid is a constituent from the leaves of Echinodorus grandiflorus, a medicinal plant traditionally used in Brazil to treat inflammatory conditions, including arthritic diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-arthritic effect of cis-aconitic acid in murine models of antigen-induced arthritis and monosodium urate-induced gout. The possible underlying mechanisms of action was evaluated in THP-1 macrophages. Oral treatment with cis-aconitic acid (10, 30, and 90 mg/kg) reduced leukocyte accumulation in the joint cavity and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 and IL-1β levels in periarticular tissue. cis-Aconitic acid treatment reduced joint inflammation in tissue sections of antigen-induced arthritis mice and these effects were associated with decreased mechanical hypernociception. Administration of cis-aconitic acid (30 mg/kg p. o.) also reduced leukocyte accumulation in the joint cavity after the
injection of monosodium urate crystals. cis-Aconitic acid reduced in vitro the release of TNF-α and phosphorylation of IκBα in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated THP-1 macrophages, suggesting that inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B activation was an underlying mechanism of cis-aconitic acid-induced anti-inflammatory effects. In conclusion, cis-aconitic acid has significant anti-inflammatory effects in antigen-induced arthritis and monosodium urate-induced arthritis in mice, suggesting its potential for the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the joint in humans. Additionally, our findings suggest that this compound may contribute to the anti-inflammatory effect previously reported for E. grandiflorus extracts.
Regioselective Amination or Alkoxylation of Halogenated Amino-, Thio- or Alkoxypyridines via Pyridyne Intermediates
Authors: Knochel Paul , Heinz Benjamin , Djukanovic Dimitrije , Siemens Fiona , Idriess Mohamed , Martin Benjamin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe treatment of 3-halopyridines (Cl, Br) bearing an R-substituent in position 2 (R = OEt, NEt2, N-piperidyl, or SEt) or in position 5 (R = OMe, OEt, SEt, NMe2, NEt2, or aryl) with KHMDS and an amine at 25 °C for 12 hours in THF provided regioselectively 3- and 4-aminated pyridines in 56–90% yields. The reaction of 3-bromo-2-diethylaminopyridine with various alcohols in the presence of t-BuOK/18-crown-6 in THF at 80 °C for 20–60 hours gave various 4-alkoxy-2-diethylaminopyridines in 61–81% yields. These substitution reactions were proposed to proceed via pyridyne intermediates.
Sobrevida em longo prazo do espaçador cimentado para quadril: Relato de caso
Authors: Jacob Roshan , Sowers Mackenzie , Chandler Kelly , Patel Mihir , Shah Ashish B. , Naranje Sameer Mahadeorao 
Published: November 2021

ResumoApresentamos um caso único de um homem de 56 anos que deambulou com um espaçador cimentado para quadril durante 11 anos. Após ser submetido a uma hemiartroplastia em virtude de um acidente de carro, o paciente desenvolveu uma infecção articular periprotética (IAP) vários anos depois, sendo submetido à técnica de revisão da etapa 1. Com a resolução da infecção depois da etapa 1, o paciente recusou a segunda etapa, devido à satisfação com o espaçador cimentado por quase 11 anos.Pelo que sabemos, este é o caso mais longo relatado de um espaçador cimentado em um paciente deambulando. Este caso demonstra a confiabilidade mecânica dos espaçadores cimentados reforçados com metal que podem ser mantidos por um prazo longo em pacientes selecionados.
Laryngotracheomalacia in a Patient with Mosaic Trisomy 8
Authors: de Souza Mateus A. , Hartmann Jéssica K. , Zottis Laira F. F. , Gama Thiago K. K. , Rosa Ernani B. da , Zen Paulo R. G. , Rosa Rafael F. M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMosaic trisomy 8 is a condition characterized by a great phenotypic and cytogenetic variability whose incidence ranges around 1 in 25,000 to 50,000 live births. Here, we report a mosaic trisomy 8 patient presenting laryngotracheomalacia, an uncommon finding, analyzing its possible role over morbidity, and mortality. The patient was a boy who, after birth, had tachypnea and paleness. He presented periods of respiratory dysfunction with need of ventilatory support. Respiratory syncytial virus test was positive. Naso fibrobronchoscopy showed moderate laryngotracheomalacia. He also had recurrent episodes of pneumonia and difficulty in withdrawing continuous positive airway pressure. The patient also presented leucoma, abnormal and low-set ears, pectus excavatum, clenched fists with overlapping fingers, cryptorchidism, clubfeet, and deep longitudinal plantar creases. G-bands by Trypsin using giemsa (GTG-banding) karyotype from a peripheral blood sample revealed a mosaic trisomy 8: mos 47,XY, + 8[15]/46,XY[7]. At 4 months, the patient developed respiratory failure, and a chest computed tomography scan showed areas of atelectasis and gross fibroatelectatic striae. He ended up presenting clinical worsening and died at 4 months and 8 days. In our literature review, we found some reports describing patients with mosaic trisomy 8 and laryngotracheomalacia. However, we cannot rule out the possibility that this association could be casual, since laryngotracheomalacia is a relatively common finding in children. Therefore, more studies are still necessary to understand the possible relation between both conditions and the role of laryngotracheomalacia over morbidity and prognosis of mosaic trisomy 8 patients.
Sarcoma sinovial insidioso de osso em um paciente com artrite reumatoide
Authors: Villarreal Juan Carlos Reyes , Pineda-Galindo Luis Francisco , Vera-Lastra Olga , Quispe-Susara Elizabeth Natalia , Navarro Alberto Ordinola 
Published: November 2021

ResumoSarcoma sinovial é uma rara malignidade de origem mesenquimal; a abordagem diagnóstica geralmente começa documentando um tumor de tecido mole; no entanto, resulta em um diagnóstico desafiador quando é mais profundo, de pequeno porte ou primário do osso.O presente relato descreve um paciente que apresentou dor insidiosa no quadril atribuída a artrite reumatoide, com desfecho fatal devido a doenças de base e complicações cirúrgicas.A subestimação da dor no quadril, principalmente quando não há massa palpável, pode atrasar o diagnóstico.
10.1 Product Class 1: Benzo[b]furans
Authors: Kwiecień H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis chapter is a revision of the earlier Section 10.1 in SScience of Synthesis. It describes methods for the synthesis of benzo[b]furans and related compounds such as benzo[b]furan-3(2H)- and benzo[b]furan-2(3H)-ones. Classical routes to benzo[b]furans involve intramolecular cyclizations of suitably substituted arenes, most often phenols and aryloxy carbonyl compounds and their derivatives, or intermolecular cyclization reactions based on 2-halophenols and alkynes. However, very popular metal-catalyzed developments, with various approaches, are also included. Methods for the synthesis of benzo[b]furans from furans by construction of the homocyclic aromatic ring, including homogeneous metal-catalyzed benzannulation, are also presented.
Elaborated thermochemical treatment of HF, CO, N2, and H2O: Insight into HEAT and its extensions
Authors: Thorpe James H. , Kilburn Josie L. , Feller David , Changala P. Bryan , Bross David H. , Ruscic Branko , Stanton John F. 
Published: November 2021

Empirical, highly accurate non-relativistic electronic total atomization energies (eTAEs) are established by combining experimental or computationally converged treatments of the nuclear motion and relativistic contributions with the total atomization energies of HF, CO, N2, and H2O obtained from the Active Thermochemical Tables. These eTAEs, which have estimated (2σ) uncertainties of less than 10 cm−1 (0.12 kJ mol−1), form the basis for an analysis of high-level ab initio quantum chemical calculations that aim at reproducing these eTAEs for the title molecules. The results are then employed to analyze the performance of the high-accuracy extrapolated ab initio thermochemistry, or High-Accuracy Extrapolated Ab Initio Thermochemistry (HEAT), family of theoretical methods. The method known as HEAT-345(Q), in particular, is found to benefit from fortuitous error cancellation between its treatment of the zero-point energy, extrapolation errors in the Hartree-Fock and coupled cluster contributions, neglect of post-(T) core-correlation, and the basis-set error involved in higher-level correlation corrections. In addition to shedding light on a longstanding curiosity of the HEAT protocol—where the cheapest HEAT-345(Q) performs comparably to the theoretically more complete HEAT-456QP procedure—this study lays the foundation for extended HEAT variants that offer substantial improvements in accuracy relative to the established approaches.
Longitudinal and transverse NMR relaxivities of Ln(III)-DOTA complexes: A comprehensive investigation
Authors: Cicolari Davide , Santanni Fabio , Grassi Leonardo , Brero Francesca , Filibian Marta , Recca Teresa , Arosio Paolo , Perfetti Mauro , Mariani Manuel , Sessoli Roberta , Lascialfari Alessandro 
Published: November 2021

Longitudinal and transverse 1H nuclear magnetic resonance relaxivities of Ln(III)-DOTA complexes (with Ln = Gd, Tb, Dy, Er; DOTA = 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N′,N″,N‴-tetraacetic acid) and Mn(II) aqueous solutions were measured in a wide range of frequencies, 10 kHz to 700 MHz. The experimental data were interpreted by means of models derived from the Solomon–Bloembergen–Morgan theory. The data analysis was performed assuming the orbital angular momentum L = 0 for Gd-DOTA and the aqua ion [Mn(H2O)6]2+ and L ≠ 0 for Dy-, Tb-, and Er-DOTA. A refined estimation of the zero-field-splitting barrier Δ and of the modulation correlation time τv was obtained for [Mn(H2O)6]2+ by extending the fitting of nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion profiles to the low-field regime. The Gd-DOTA fitting parameters resulted in good agreement with the literature, and the fit of transverse relaxivity data confirmed the negligibility of the scalar interaction in the nuclear relaxation mechanism. Larger transverse relaxivities of Dy-DOTA and Tb-DOTA (∼10 mM−1 s−1) with respect to Er-DOTA (∼1 mM−1 s−1) were observed at 16 T. Such higher values are suggested to be due to a shorter residence time τm that is possibly linked to the fluctuations of the hyperfine interaction and the different shape of the magnetic anisotropy. The possible employment of Dy-DOTA, Tb-DOTA, and Er-DOTA as negative magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents for high-field applications was envisaged by collecting spin-echo images at 7 T. Particularly in Dy- and Tb-derivatives, the transverse relaxivity at 16 T is of the order of the Gd-one at 1.5 T.
Different SP1 binding dynamics at individual genomic loci in human cells
Authors: Hasegawa Yuko , Struhl Kevin 
Published: November 2021

Significance
Transcription factor binding to target DNA sequences is critical for regulating gene expression in response to environmental and developmental cues. SP1 is a transcriptional activator protein that binds GC-box DNA sequences at many promoter and enhancer regions. Here, we use an inducible time-course ChIP-seq method to analyze SP1 binding dynamics at target sites throughout the human genome. SP1 rapidly reaches maximal binding levels at some sites, but binding kinetics at other sites is biphasic, with rapid half-maximal binding followed by a considerably slower increase to maximal binding. We describe the molecular parameters that distinguish between these different classes of SP1 binding sites. The biphasic kinetics at some SP1 sites suggests distinct chromatin states in different cells within the overall population.
Variational formalism for generic shells in general relativity
Authors: Racskó Bence 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We investigate the variational principle for the gravitational field in the presence of thin shells of completely unconstrained signature (generic shells). Such variational formulations have been given before for shells of timelike and null signatures separately, but so far no unified treatment exists. We identify the shell equation as the natural boundary condition associated with a broken extremal problem along a hypersurface where the metric tensor is allowed to be nondifferentiable. Since the second order nature of the Einstein–Hilbert action makes the boundary value problem associated with the variational formulation ill-defined, regularization schemes need to be introduced. We investigate several such regularization schemes and prove their equivalence. We show that the unified shell equation derived from this variational procedure reproduce past results obtained via distribution theory by Barrabès and Israel for hypersurfaces of fixed causal type and by Mars and Senovilla for generic shells. These results are expected to provide a useful guide to formulating thin shell equations and junction conditions along generic hypersurfaces in modified theories of gravity.
A novel mechanism for probing the Planck scale
Authors: Das Saurya , Modak Sujoy K 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Planck or the quantum gravity (QG) scale, being 16 orders of magnitude greater than the electroweak scale, is often considered inaccessible by current experimental techniques. However, it was shown recently by one of the current authors that QG effects via the generalized uncertainty principle affects the time required for free wavepackets to double their size, and this difference in time is at or near current experimental accuracies (Villalpando C and Modak S K 2019 Class. Quantum
Grav.

36 215016; Villalpando C and Modak S K 2019 Phys. Rev. D

100 024054). In this work, we make an important improvement over the earlier study, by taking into account the leading order relativistic correction, which naturally appears in the systems under consideration, due to the significant mean velocity of the travelling wavepackets. Our analysis shows that although the relativistic correction adds nontrivial modifications to the results of (Villalpando and Modak 2019 Class. Quantum Grav.

36 215016; Villalpando and Modak 2019 Phys. Rev. D

100 024054), the earlier claims remain intact and are in fact strengthened. We explore the potential for these results being tested in the laboratory.
A noniterative reconstruction method for solving a time-fractional inverse source problem from partial boundary measurements
Authors: Prakash R , Hrizi M , Novotny A A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a noniterative method for solving an inverse source problem governed by the two-dimensional time-fractional diffusion equation is proposed. The basic idea consists in reconstructing the geometrical support of the unknown source from partial boundary measurements of the associated potential. A Kohn–Vogelius type shape functional is considered together with a regularization term penalizing the relative perimeter of the unknown set of anomalies. Identifiability result is derived and uniqueness of a minimizer is ensured. The shape functional measuring the misfit between the solutions of two auxiliary problems containing information about the boundary measurements is minimized with respect to a finite number of ball-shaped trial anomalies by using the topological derivative method. In particular, the second-order topological gradient is exploited to devise an efficient and fast noniterative reconstruction algorithm. Finally, some numerical experiments are presented, showing different features of the proposed approach in reconstructing multiple anomalies of varying shapes and sizes by taking noisy data into account.
Preparation of arsenene and its applications in sensors
Authors: Zhou Rong , Xu Na , Guo Ranran , Ling Guixia , Zhang Peng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
As an element of the graphene family, arsenic has attracted extensive attention due to its excellent photoelectric and transport properties. Arsenene conforms to an eight-electron coordination and spontaneously forms a wavy two-dimensional (2D) structure, which is more stable than other 2D materials. The adjustable bandgap makes it stand out from many 2D materials, and its unique semiconductor properties make it widely used in field-effect transistors. In recent years, different subtypes of arsenene have gradually been discovered. Due to their special gas-response characteristics, arsenenes have great application potential as gas-sensitive materials or resistance elements in the field of sensors. Defective arsenic and arsenene modified by atoms provide more possibilities and creative solutions for gas sensing. In this paper, the properties, preparation methods, and applications of arsenene in sensing in recent years are reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of arsenene are introduced, and the development prospect of arsenene is investigated.