bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction and Transmission Mechanism of Exterior Ballistics of High-Power Microwave Weapons
Authors: Hao Lingjun , Xiao Yujie , Xie Jun , He Yi , Wang Liang , Chen Yi , Cao Xin , Sun Hai-wen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Booming technological advances and turbulent military reforms have promoted the continuous advancement of weapons and equipment. High-power microwave (HPM) weapons have changed the damage modes of traditional guns, missiles and other kinetic energy weapons, as well as having the huge advantage of "changing the rules of the game." The study of exterior ballistics of high-power microwave weapons has theoretical support for the design and development of weapons and the verification of performance indicators, and is also an important basis in the firing application of high-power microwave weapons. By studying the coupling mechanism between HPM weapons and targets, an exterior ballistics description of HPM weapons is given According to the description of exterior ballistics, the differences between HPM and traditional weapons in definitions, accuracies, space trajectories, space descriptions and "end points" are summarized and the exterior ballistics space transmission is established. This study reveals the nine major transmission laws of the exterior ballistics of HPM weapons. The constructed model and related theories of the transmission laws for exterior ballistics lay a theoretical foundation for the in-depth study of key technologies of HPM weapons, such as fire control and damage assessment.
An efficient prediction model of effective thermal conductivity for metal powder bed in additive manufacturing
Authors: Zhao Yizhen , Zhang Hang , Cai Jianglong , Ji Shaokun , Li Dichen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The particle accumulation structure is commonly found in diverse engineering fields, including additive manufacturing powder, powder metallurgy, advanced reactor, grain storage and catalyst bed. The relative thermal conductivity of such structure is an important parameter to study the heat transfer behavior of the accumulation. In the study, the key factors affecting on the thermal conductivity of the powder is analyzed. Based on the results, the expression for calculating the thermal conductivity of the sphere metal powder is successfully reduced to only one parameter d50 and an efficient calculation model is proposed which can applicate both in room and high temperature. Meanwhile, the corresponding error is less than 20.9% in room temperature and 50% in high temperature.
Estimation and optimal control of the multi-scale dynamics of the Covid-19
Authors: MBOGNE David Jaurès FOTSA , TCHOUMI Stéphane Yanick , TCHAPTCHIE Yannick KOUAKEP , KAMLA Vivient Corneille , KAMGANG Jean Claude , DANGA Duplex Elvis HOUPA , TSAKOU Samuel BOWONG , BEKOLLE David 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This work aims at a better understanding and the optimal control of the spread of the new severe acute respiratory corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We first propose a multi-scale model giving insights on the virus population dynamics, the transmission process and the infection mechanism. We consider 10 compartments in the human population in order to take into accounts the effects of different specific mitigation policies. The population of viruses is also partitioned into 10 compartments corresponding respectively to each of the first nine human population compartments and the free viruses available in the environment. We show the global stability of the disease free equilibrium if a given threshold T_0 is less or equal to 1 and we provide how to compute the basic reproduction number R_0. A convergence index T_1 is also defined in order to estimate the speed at which the disease extincts and an upper bound to the time of extinction is given. The existence of the endemic equilibrium is conditional and its description is provided. We evaluate the sensitivity of R_0, T_0 and T_1 to control parameters such as the maximal human density allowed per unit of surface, the rate of disinfection both for people and environment, the mobility probability, the wearing mask probability or efficiency, and the human to human contact rate which results from the previous one. Except the maximal human density allowed per unit of surface, all those parameters have significant effects on the qualitative dynamics of the disease. The most significant is the probability of wearing mask followed by the probability of mobility and the disinfection rate. According to a functional cost taking into consideration economic impacts of SARS-CoV-2, we determine and discuss optimal fighting strategies. The study is applied to real available data from Cameroon and an estimation of model parameters is done. After several simulations, social distancing and the disinfection frequency appear as the main elements of the optimal control strategy.
Selenium-containing compound ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury via regulating MAPKs/AP-1 pathway
Authors: Jia Wenjing , Ding Wenting , Chen Xinmiao , Xu Zhengwei , Tang Yeilin , Wang Meihong , Zheng Bin , Zhang Yali , Wei Tao , Zhu Zaisheng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) characterized by a series of inflammatory reactions and served as the main cause of mortality in intensive care unit patients. Although great progress have been made in understanding the pathophysiology of ALI, there are no effective treatment in clinic. Recently, we have synthesized a selenium-containing compounds, which possess obvious anti-inflammatory activity. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the protective effects of the selenium-containing compound 34# in LPS-induced ALI in mice as well as its underlying mechanism. Compound 34# was found to inhibit LPS-induced macrophage inflammatory cytokine release. These effects were observed to be produced via suppression of the MAPKs/AP-1 pathway. Compound 34# was also noted to attenuate the LPS-induced lung inflammation in mice with ALI. The corresponding results suggested that compound 34# possesses remarkable protective effects on LPS-induced ALI. Furthermore, the MAPKs/AP-1 pathway may prove to be its the underlying mechanism. Accordingly, compound 34# may serve as a potential candidate for the prevention of ALI.
Bilateral Control of a 2-DOF Teleoperated Manipulator Using UDP Scheme
Authors: Mohsen Magdi , Ibrahim khalil 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

In this paper, a workspace-control system was developed to deals with the problem of position-tracking of bilateral teleoperated two degrees of freedom manipulators, and aid the human operator in driving and controlling the slave robot that performs critical and difficult tasks such as under water works. The developed system consists of, "JUPITER XL SCARA" robot as a slave manipulator with only the first two links activated, a wireless User Datagram Protocol (UDP) network, and PC as a master controller. The system model parameters identified using the Least-Squares method. A PID and FLC controllers with different input signals were applied to the system. It was proved experimentally and by simulation on Matlab that the FLC gave a better performance than the PID controller. The two parallel loop subroutine technique proved a great enhancement to the system performance as it decreased the total delay time in the system to almost 25 milliseconds.
In Vitro Responses of Alfalfa Root (Medicago Sativa L.) to Salt stress and Melatonin
Authors: Jalili Shabnam , Ehsanpour Ali Akbar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is the most cultivated forage legume. The growth and development of alfalfa roots are limited by salt stress. Growth regulator is an essential role of melatonin in plants, especially in root involved in stress tolerance. In this study, alfalfa roots under in vitro salt stress (150 and 200 mM NaCl) were pretreated with different concentrations of melatonin (0.1, 10 and 15 μM). principal component analysis to find out the best targets for melatonin and salinity. Exogenous utilization of melatonin in alfalfa roots significantly elevated the compatible solutes particularly glycin betaein (GB), soluble carbohydrate and K+ content. Principal component analysis revealed that, Indol acetic acid (IAA) content, GB, flavonoids, carbohydrate and Na+ were the best melatonin targets. Furthermore, salinity affected ROS, H2O2, O2-, malondialdehyde (MDA), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), K+/Na+ ratio and tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL) enzymes were augmented, and electrolyte leakage, Na+ accumulation decreased in the saline medium.
Effect of 4-h time restricted feeding on body weight, leptin concentration and lipid profile in healthy non-obese male Wistar rats
Authors: Olamoyegun Michael A. , Ajao Folasade O. , Iyedupe Marcus O. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Obesity greatly increases the risk of metabolic diseases and preventive approaches for obesity are often inadequate to effectively prevent and manage the diseases. Altering feeding time strategy intervention decreases caloric intake without calorie counting and may be an effective therapy. Therefore, this study investigates the effect of 4-h time restricted feeding on body weight, leptin concentration and lipid profile in healthy non-obese male Wistar rats. Methods: Rats placed on time-restricted feeding (TRF) regimen had freely access to food for 4 hour per day at designated periods. Twenty four rats divided into four groups (n=6) were used. Group I animals were placed on a 4 hour per day TRF between 8am-12noon. Group II rats were also placed on a 4 hour per day TRF between 12noon-4pm. Group III rats also placed on a 4 hour per day TRF between 8pm-12 midnight while Group IV rats had access food and water ad libitum. This diet strategy resembles taking only breakfast, lunch or dinner once a day. The study lasted for a period of 4 weeks with daily food intake and weekly body weight determined throughout the period. At the end of the experimental period, blood glucose, lipid profile and leptin concentration were assessed. SPSS 21.0 package was used for data analysis, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the mean values of variables among the groups and bonferroni’s posthoc test was used for significance of pair wise comparisons of mean values among the groups. Significance was set at p < 0.05.Results: In this study, the body weights and leptin concentrations of 8pm – 12am and ad libitum groups significantly increased compared with the 8am - 12noon and 12noon -4pm groups. Dyslipidemia was observed in the ad libitum group when compared with the 8am - 12noon and 12noon - 4pm groups. Conclusion: From this study, 4-hr time restricted feeding has beneficial effects on body weight, blood glucose, lipid profile and leptin concentration. This feeding restriction patterns may be helpful in obesity management and in preventing metabolic diseases development in non obese.
Application of stress susceptibility index and multivariate analysis of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) to identify thermo-tolerant genotypes
Authors: A. Archana K. , Pradeepkumar T. , Gopinath Pratheesh P , V. Santhoshkumar A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Climatic parameters have become key mechanisms in controlling crop productivity worldwide. The more frequency of heat waves urges the breeding for thermo-tolerance. The motive of this study was to furnish an accurate and deep understanding on the heat tolerance of reproductive key traits (flowers with exerted stigma, pollen viability, fruits set per cent and number of fruits per cluster), along with earliness (days to first fruit set) and yield traits (average fruit weight, pericarp thickness, number of fruits per plant and yield per plant) in tomato. The study reasoned 35 genotypes employing three no-identical analysis tools, ANOVA of field assessment, stress susceptibility index and multivariate analysis based on genetic diversity. Insights of genetic architecture of the reproductive traits under heat stress might improve our core understanding, and might have applied value. The study substantiated the essence of heat tolerance for the genotypes EC-620395, EC-620401, EC-620406 and EC-620410. Divergence analysis revealed five clusters corresponding to specific characters. Therefore on the ground of the investigation new breeding lines and breeding strategies can be implemented under changing environmental conditions with special reference to elevated temperature.
On-Farm Diversity of Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Varieties in East Hararghe Zone, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Sahle Sate , Tana Tamado , Dechassa Nigussie , Zeleke Habtamu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important source of food and income. However, its on-farm diversity and conservation by smallholder farmers is not known in the east Hararghe Zone of eastern Ethiopia. Thus, field survey was conducted from November 2018 to February 2019 to assess the on-farm diversity, cropping system and the role of gender in production and management of common bean varieties. Common bean producing districts were selected purposively whereas sub-districts (kebeles) were selected randomly. Three kebeles from each of the two major agro-ecological zones, two key informants and twelve general informants from each kebele were selected to constitute a total of 84 informants. The selection of general informants was stratified based on gender and wealth status. Structured interview guide was used to interview general informants whereas semi-structured interview guide was used to interview key informants. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted in R (version 3.5.2). Seven farmers’ varieties of common bean were identified of and their diversity was higher in tepid, moist mid highlands (M3) whereas cropped area (ha) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in tepid sub-humid highlands (SH3) agro-ecology. Most activities of common bean were undertaken by male adults. Insect pests were the prominent constraints of common bean production. Farmers’ varieties were used as food and feed, and soil fertility management. Therefore, their on-farm and ex situ conservation, maintenance of endangered varieties, and shortage of cropping land due to chat plantation need special concern to promote their cultivation.
Efficient toluene adsorption/desorption on biochar derived from in situ acid-treated sugarcane bagasse
Authors: Qu Yuan , Xu Li , Chen Yi , Sun Shikuan , Wang Yu , Guo Li Min 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Carbon-based materials with great adsorption performance are of importance to meet the needs of industrial gas adsorption. Being massive agricultural wastes of sugarcane bagasse, China could use this waste into wealth. However, the comprehensive utilization of sugarcane bagasse as precursors for biochar that can be used as adsorbent has not been extensively explored. In this study, a series of in-situ sulfuric acid modified biochar were prepared by hydrothermal carbonization process. The prepared biochar (SBAC-7) is combined of two main advantages that are high microporosity (micropore surface area = 1106 m 2 /g) and rich in S-containing functional groups on the surface. In particular, SBAC-7 showed an excellent adsorption capacity of toluene (771.1 mg/g) at 30 o C, which is nearly 3 times as high as the commercial activated carbons. Meanwhile, it showed great stability and cyclic regeneration performance with five toluene adsorption-desorption test cycles. This study provides a high-performance biochar for adsorption-desorption cycle in practical engineering applications, and would contribute to the sustainable “sugarcane production - bagasse utilization” circular economy.
User experiences and perceptions of health wearables: a cross-sectional study in Cambodia
Authors: Liverani Marco , Ir Por , Wiseman Virginia , Perel Pablo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: In many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), health system capacities to address the burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are often inadequate. In these countries, wearable health technologies such as smartbands and smartwatches could be used as part of public health programmes to improve the monitoring, prevention, and control of NCDs. Considering this potential, a study was conducted in Cambodia to explore user experiences and perceptions of a watch-type health wearable, including utilisation patterns, perceived usefulness and usability, and willingness to pay. Methods: Data collection involved a baseline survey, conducted in 2019 with different categories of participants (including hypertensive participants, non-hypertensive participants, postgraduate students, and civil servants), and a follow-up survey with the same participants, one month after they were given a sample of the wearable and advised to wear it day and night. ﻿Results were analysed using descriptive statistics, test statistics, and binomial regression to predict the utilisation of the paired smartphone application. Results: A total of 156 adult participants completed the baseline and follow-up surveys. The reception of the technology was positive overall: 89.1% of the participants said they would continue using the watch and 76.9% of them would recommend it to either friends or relatives, while 94% said the device stimulated them to think more frequently about their health\. However, challenges to technology acceptance were identified, including concerns with the accuracy and quality of the device and unfamiliarity with the concept of health self-monitoring, especially among the elderly. Short battery life and cost were also identified as potential barriers to continued use. Conclusions: Health wearables are a promising new technology that could be used in Cambodia and in other LMICs to strengthen health sector responses to the challenges of NCDs. However, this technology should be carefully adapted to the local context and the needs of less resourced population groups. In addition, further research should investigate if adequate health sector support and infrastructure are in place to implement and sustain the technology.
The Commonest Indications of Cesarean Sections at Ghalib Teaching Hospital in Year 2017; Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Fazli Mohammad Rafi , Mansouri Amena , Wahidi Hania 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: In the past few decades, the rate of cesarean section (CS) has increased worldwide which is common in high income countries. Although cesarean section has lots of socioeconomic impacts in the career of mothers and babies especially in LMICs like Afghanistan, it is also increasing in such countries. In compare to vaginal delivery the cesarean section has higher risks for maternal health. The most important aim of this study is to search the commonest indications of cesarean section at the only teaching hospital in west region of Afghanistan, Ghalib Teaching Hospital in 2017.Material and Method: This was a cross-sectional study. Among 456 pregnant women who came to Ghalib Teaching Hospital, 287(63%) had vaginal delivery and 169 (37%) had cesarean section delivery in 2017. Data was collected reviewing medical records; patients discharge certificate and a questionnaire which consisted of the data like; history of previous cesarean sections, age, and so on. Data was analyzed by epi info 7.Results: the prevalence of cesarean section in Ghalib Teaching Hospital was 37%, the median age was 28 years old, the mean age was 23.83 and the most ages were between 21-25 (42.5%). The commonest indications were severe oligohydramnios (29.5%) followed by previous cesarean section (12.4%) and elective cesarean section 10.9% (on maternal request). The least indication was cephalopelvic disproportion (3.09%). In our research we had more than one indication about 10.3%.Conclusion: according to the research the commonest indication of cesarean section was severe oligohydromnios which shows emergency indication among pregnant women. As the women in Afghanistan want many children so they usually do not consider having cesarean section deliveries. Cesarean section on maternal request also has high rate which needs appropriate guidelines and also policies to decrease this high rate of selective cesarean section. In our research 52.1% of indications of CS was fetal factors. This shows in LMICs many fathers have valued to the health of babies instead of mothers. It is highly needed to inform fathers to know about health of both babies and mothers.
Metabolome Analysis Reveals a Diversity of Cancer Tissues in Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Yoshida Kosuke , Yoshikawa Nobuhisa , Kitami Kazuhisa , Tamauchi Satoshi , Ikeda Yoshiki , Yokoi Akira , Nishino Kimihiro , Niimi Kaoru , Kajiyama Hiroaki 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Epithelial ovarian cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer deaths among women worldwide, and advanced epithelial ovarian cancer frequently metastasizes to the omentum. Characteristics of the metastatic cancer may be different from that of primary ovarian cancer reflecting the unique omental microenvironment. This study investigated metabolomic differences in epithelial ovarian cancers.Methods: Patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer are eligible for this study. There were five patients who underwent surgery and resected primary ovarian and omental metastatic cancers at Nagoya University. Metabolome analysis was performed using these paired cancer and metastatic cancer tissues through a facility service (C-SCOPE) at Human Metabolome Technologies, Inc. The concentrations of 116 compounds were measured by CE-TOFMS and CE-QqQMS, and 30 metabolic parameters were calculated. For statistical analyses, Welch’s t-test was used for comparisons between two independent groups.Results: Metabolite profiles were different from each other reflecting a diversity in the cancer tissues. Of the measured compounds, urea was the only metabolite that was significantly decreased in the omental metastatic cancers compared with the primary cancers (p = 0.031). Moreover, in omental metastatic cancers, the pentose phosphate pathway was more dominant than glycolysis. Furthermore, lactic acids in omental metastatic cancers were markedly decreased compared with primary cancers in some cases. With regard to histological characteristics, the total amount of amino acids, especially the percentage of glutamine, were significantly rich in serous carcinomas than in non-serous carcinomas (p = 0.004 and p = 0.001, respectively). Moreover, the reduced form of glutathione and polyamines were also abundant in serous carcinomas than in non-serous carcinomas (p = 0.025 and 0.048, respectively).Conclusions: The metabolite profiles were different depending on the location of the tumor and the histological subtype. Metabolome analysis may be a useful tool for identifying cancer diagnostic and prognostic markers.