bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perinatal famine is associated with excess risk of proliferative retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Fedotkina Olena , Luk Andrea , Jain Ruchi , Prasad Rashmi B. , Shungin Dmitry , Simó‐Servat Olga , Özgümüs Türküler , Cherviakova Liubov , Khalimon Nadiya , Svietleisha Tetiana , Buldenko Tetiana , Kravchenko Victor , Hernández Cristina , Jain Deepak , Simo Rafael , Artner Isabella , Nilsson Peter M. , Khalangot Mykola D. , Vaiserman Alexander M. , Chan Juliana , Vaag Allan , Lyssenko Valeriya 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeIntrauterine undernutrition is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Children born premature or small for gestational age were reported to have abnormal retinal vascularization. However, whether intrauterine famine act as a trigger for diabetes complications, including retinopathy, is unknown. The aim of the current study was to evaluate long‐term effects of perinatal famine on the risk of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).MethodsWe studied the risk for PDR among type 2 diabetes patients exposed to perinatal famine in two independent cohorts: the Ukrainian National Diabetes Registry (UNDR) and the Hong Kong Diabetes Registry (HKDR). We analysed individuals born during the Great Famine (the Holodomor, 1932–1933) and the WWII (1941–1945) famine in 101 095 (3601 had PDR) UNDR participants. Among 3021 (251 had PDR) HKDR participants, we studied type 2 diabetes patients exposed to perinatal famine during the WWII Japanese invasion in 1942–1945.ResultsDuring the Holodomor and WWII, perinatal famine was associated with a 1.76‐fold (p = 0.019) and 3.02‐fold (p = 0.001) increased risk of severe PDR in the UNDR. The risk for PDR was 1.66‐fold elevated among individuals born in 1942 in the HKDR (p < 0.05). The associations between perinatal famine and PDR remained statistically significant after corrections for HbA1c in available 18 507 UNDR (padditive interaction < 0.001) and in 3021 HKDR type 2 diabetes patients (p < 0.05).ConclusionIn conclusion, type 2 diabetes patients, exposed to perinatal famine, have increased risk of PDR compared to those without perinatal famine exposure. Further studies are needed to understand the underlying mechanisms and to extend this finding to other diabetes complications.
Letter: coronary atherosclerosis in patients with significant hepatic fibrosis in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease—the role for non‐invasive testing
Authors: Emrich Tilman , Schattenberg Jörn M. 
Published: June 2021

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Park et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16324 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16462
Letter: safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with pre‐established microscopic colitis—a single‐centre experience
Authors: Fredrick Thomas W. , Braga Neto Manuel B. , Ramos Guilherme P. , Kane Sunanda , Pardi Darrell S. , Raffals Laura E. 
Published: June 2021

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Meserve et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16217
How to support equal standing in local health equity?
Authors: Haverkamp Beatrijs 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAttempts to decrease socioeconomic health disparities face various challenges, which include ethical questions about prioritization and value‐conflicts. To deal with these questions in a way that takes equal standing as a central value, this paper explores the potential of a relational egalitarian capability approach to local health equity policies. Especially for local health equity policies, a relational egalitarian capability approach seems promising as it offers more perspectives for action and evaluation additional to considerations of distributive justice. To scrutinize if this approach can offer an adequate normative basis for health equity policies and be a helpful ethical guide in practice, five desiderata are identified that a relational egalitarian capability approach to local health equity should fulfil. These desiderata stem from a consideration of political‐ethical pluralism and scarcity of time and resources as non‐ideal conditions characterizing public policy practice, as well as of three questions that any capability approach should answer to be applicable in practice. For each of the five desiderata, a brief outline is given of what relational egalitarian theories and the capability approach offer in response to the questions implied by these desiderata. Ultimately, these questions need to be answered in relation to specific policies in particular contexts.
Response to stress in biological disorders: Implications of stress granule assembly and function
Authors: Wang Lingjuan , Yang Weina , Li Bin , Yuan Shuiqiao , Wang Fengli 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIt is indispensable for cells to adapt and respond to environmental stresses, in order for organisms to survive. Stress granules (SGs) are condensed membrane‐less organelles dynamically formed in the cytoplasm of eukaryotes cells to cope with diverse intracellular or extracellular stress factors, with features of liquid‐liquid phase separation. They are composed of multiple constituents, including translationally stalled mRNAs, translation initiation factors, RNA‐binding proteins and also non‐RNA‐binding proteins. SG formation is triggered by stress stimuli, viral infection and signal transduction, while aberrant assembly of SGs may contribute to tissue degenerative diseases. Recently, a growing body of evidence has emerged on SG response mechanisms for cells facing high temperatures, oxidative stress and osmotic stress. In this review, we aim to summarize factors affecting SGs assembly, present the impact of SGs on germ cell development and other biological processes. We particularly emphasize the significance of recently reported RNA modifications in SG stress responses. In parallel, we also review all current perspectives on the roles of SGs in male germ cells, with a particular focus on the dynamics of SG assembly.
Tree hazards compounded by successive climate extremes after masting in a small endemic tree,Distylium lepidotum, on subtropical islands in Japan
Authors: Nakamura Tomomi , Ishida Atsushi , Kawai Kiyosada , Minagi Kanji , Saiki Shin‐Taro , Yazaki Kenichi , Yoshimura Jin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOngoing global warming increases the frequency and severity of tropical typhoons and prolonged drought, leading to forest degradation. Simultaneous and/or successive masting events and climatic extremes may thus occur frequently in the near future. If these climatic extremes occur immediately after mass seed reproduction, their effects on individual trees are expected to be very severe because mass reproduction decreases carbohydrate reserves. While the effects of either a single climate extreme or masting alone on tree resilience/growth have received past research attention, understanding the cumulative effects of such multiple events remains challenging and is crucial for predicting future forest changes. Here, we report tree hazards compound by two successive climate extremes, a tropical typhoon and prolonged drought, after mass reproduction in an endemic tree species (Distylium lepidotumNakai) on oceanic islands. Across individual trees, the starch stored within the sapwood of branchlets significantly decreased with reproductive efforts (fruit mass/shoot mass ratio). Typhoon damage significantly decreased not only the total leaf area of apical shoots but also the maximum photosynthetic rates. During the 5‐month period after the typhoon, the mortality of large branchlets (8–10‐mm diameter) increased with decreasing stored starch when the typhoon hit. During the prolonged summer drought in the next year, the recovery of total leaf area, stored starch, and hydraulic conductivity was negatively correlated with the stored starch at the typhoon. These data indicate that the level of stored starch within branchlets is the driving factor determining tree regrowth or dieback, and the restoration of carbohydrates after mass reproduction is synergistically delayed by such climate extremes. Stored carbohydrates are the major cumulative factor affecting individual tree resilience, resulting in their historical effects. Because of highly variable carbohydrate levels among individual trees, the resultant impacts of such successive events on forest dieback will be fundamentally different among trees.
Prevalence of soft tissue calcifications in panoramic radiographs of the maxillofacial region of older adults
Authors: Maia Paulo Raphael Leite , Tomaz Amanda Felix Gonçalves , Maia Eugênio Felipe Torres , Lima Kênio Costa , Oliveira Patrícia Teixeira de 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the presence of soft tissue calcifications in the head and neck region on panoramic radiographs of older adults.MethodsWe analysed 1176 panoramic radiographs obtained between January 2013 and December 2018 from individuals of both sexes aged 60 years or older, who were referred by dental specialities to the Dental Imaginology Service of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The types of soft tissue calcification evaluated were as follows: carotid artery calcification (CAC), thyroid cartilage calcifications, triticeous cartilage calcifications, sialoliths, tonsilloliths and lymph node calcifications. The presence of soft tissue calcifications was correlated with age and sex. The chi‐square test with continuity correction was used for the calculation of p values and the evaluation of the proposed associations. Prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals were also calculated.ResultsAt least one type of soft tissue calcification was found in 43% of the sample. The main calcifications detected were CAC, thyroid and triticeous cartilage calcifications, tonsilloliths, sialoliths, calcified lymph nodes, and phleboliths. Mean patient age was 67.47 years and there was a predominance of females (62.8%) in the sample. Bivariate analysis showed a statistically significant association between female sex and the presence of thyroid and triticeous cartilage calcifications and between male sex and the presence of tonsilloliths.ConclusionRoutine panoramic radiography permits the identification of soft tissue calcifications that may be indicators of future cardiovascular disorders, the referral to a medical service and the establishment of therapies for stroke prevention.
Quantitative measurements of haemophilic joint tissues by point‐of‐care musculoskeletal ultrasound: Associations with clinical and functional joint outcome parameters
Authors: Mesleh Shayeb Akram , Barnes Richard F.W. , Hanacek Cris , Aguero Peter , Steiner Bruno , Bailey Cindy , Quon Doris , Kruse‐Jarres Rebecca , von Drygalski Annette 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPainful arthropathy is a long‐term complication in patients with hemophilia (PWH), affecting mobility and quality of life. A major barrier for the appraisal of joint health is the absence of point‐of‐care (POC) imaging modalities to promptly identify and manage arthropathic changes. Accordingly, we developed the Joint tissue Activity and Damage Exam (JADE) POC musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSKUS) protocol. JADE is validated for haemophilic joint tissue recognition with high intra/inter‐rater and inter‐operator reliability.AimsEvaluate associations of JADE with clinical (Hemophilia Joint Health Score, [HJHS]) and functional (total arc [combined flexion and extension range of motion [ROM]]) parameters.MethodologyIn this multi‐centre prospective study, we recruited PWH A or B with at least one arthropathic joint. We evaluated joint health (both elbows, knees, and ankles) by comparing JADE measurements (soft tissue and cartilage thickness, and osteochondral alterations) with HJHS and total arc.ResultsOf 44 PWH, most had hemophilia A (35/44), were severe (36/44) and had a median age of 36 years. Increasing HJHSs and declining total arc, indicating worsening arthropathy, were associated with JADE measurements in the expected direction, including (1) increasing length of osteochondral alterations, (2) diminished cartilage thickness, and (3) greater soft tissue expansion. The ankles had the highest proportion of joints without measurable (missing) cartilage. In multivariable models MSKUS measurements explained 68% and 71% of the variation in HJHS and total arc respectively for the elbow, 55% and 29% respectively for the knee, and 50% and 73% for the ankle.ConclusionsThis study highlights the associations of direct intra‐articular ultrasonography measurements using the JADE protocol with clinical and functional parameters. Our findings underscore the clinical value of POC MSKUS using the JADE protocol as a complementary instrument for the diagnosis and management of haemophilic arthropathy.
Design and characterisation of jet cold atmospheric pressure plasma and its effect on Escherichia coli, colour, pH, and bioactive compounds of sour cherry juice
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Mehdi , Hosseinzadeh Samani Bahram , Rostami Sajad , Lorigooini Zahra 
Published: June 2021

SummaryA new system for cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAPP) generation was designed and characterised. The effects of voltage (10, 15, 20 kV), frequency (10, 15, 20 kHz), gas flow rate (3, 5, 7 L min−1) and percentage of oxygen (0%, 0.5%, 1%) on the plasma jet length (PJL) were investigated. Then, different volumes (5, 10, 15 mL) of sour cherry juice were treated by CAPP to compare their physicochemical properties (colour and pH), Escherichia coli count, and bioactive compounds with samples treated by the conventional process. According to the results, PJL was increased by increasing the voltage and frequency and then remained constant. Also, PJL increases and then decreases by increasing the gas flow rate. Furthermore, CAPP treatment reduced E. coli count but did not alter the colour and pH of samples. Moreover, increasing the voltage, plasma treatment duration, and oxygen percentage enhanced the inactivation of E. coli. The best sterilisation effect was 6‐log cycle decrease in E. coli count which was achieved at a voltage of 19.6 kV, an oxygen concentration of 1%, and a gas flow rate of 4.5 L min−1. Besides, the total phenol content of juice was 277 GAE/100 g and was changed to 279 and 359 after plasma treatment and conventional process, respectively.
Antibiofilm effects of pomegranate peel extracts against B. cereus, B. subtilis, and E. faecalis
Authors: Balaban Merve , Koc Cansel , Sar Taner , Akbas Meltem Yesilcimen 
Published: June 2021

SummaryIn this study, the antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) extracts (PPLs) prepared by 10 g of pomegranate peels (PPL10) and 100 mL of different solvents (ethanol, methanol, and their acid combinations, and water) were investigated as sources of bioactive compounds against food‐related bacteria. The antimicrobial activities of the extracts were measured by using agar well diffusion assay. The acid‐treated extracts exhibited the highest antimicrobial activities (31–34 mm). The biofilm formations were assessed by using a microplate reader (570 nm) after crystal violet staining. The prevention and removal of bacterial biofilms were also evaluated by using extracts prepared by 5 g of initial pomegranate peel (PPL5) with the different solvents or 200 ppm chlorine solution. All PPL5 and PPL10 extracts diluted at different ratios inhibited and removed biofilms, and the highest antibiofilm effects were up to 80% by acid‐treated extracts. In addition, PPL5s and PPL10s were as effective as or more effective than chlorine for the prevention of biofilms. Therefore, from an economical perspective the PPL5s could represent promising candidates as natural antibiofilm agents for food industry.
Study of exopolysaccharides from lactic acid bacteria and their industrial applications: a review
Authors: Abarquero Daniel , Renes Erica , Fresno José María , Tornadijo María Eugenia 
Published: June 2021

SummaryThis review describes and discusses the structure, biosynthesis and applications of exopolysaccharides from lactic acid bacteria. These substances are classified as homopolysaccharides, which are synthesised from sucrose through the action of extracellular glycosyltransferases or heteropolysaccharides, which are synthesised from repeating unit precursors formed in the cytoplasm and assembled extracellularly by the sequential addition of nucleotide sugars. The industrial application of exopolysaccharides is linked to enhancing the texture and rheological properties of certain fermented products and their production in situ being of particular interest. The chemical characteristics of exopolysaccharides influence interactions with milk proteins in fermented dairy products. These compounds reduce gel syneresis and increase the viscosity, water retention capacity and firmness of the gel, all of which are desirable characteristics for the development of low‐fat dairy products. Similarly, they have applications in the production of gluten‐free bakery products and fermented meat products.
Environmental uncertainty and corporate cash holdings: The moderating role of CEO ability
Authors: Magerakis Efstathios , Habib Ahsan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article empirically tests the association between environmental uncertainty and corporate cash holdings and whether CEO ability moderates this association. Based on the precautionary motive for holding cash, we predict that firms will hold more cash when operating in an environment of high uncertainty. To test this prediction, we utilize a panel of non‐financial U.S. firms throughout 1980–2016. Using the coefficient of variation in sales as a proxy for environmental uncertainty, we find that environmental uncertainty increases firm cash holding. We then explore the moderating role of CEO ability and find that more‐able CEOs weaken the positive association between environmental uncertainty and cash holding. Further, the results demonstrate that small‐sized, financially sound, and low leveraged firms are likely to hoard more cash during periods of heightened uncertainty. Our study provides new insights for investors, shareholders, and policymakers into companies' decision‐making concerning liquid assets.
Histological analysis of fat grafting with platelet‐rich plasma for diabetic foot ulcers—A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Nolan Grant Switzer , Smith Oliver John , Heavey Susan , Jell Gavin , Mosahebi Afshin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDiabetic foot ulcers are often unresponsive to conventional therapy and are a leading cause of amputation. Animal studies have shown stem cells and growth factors can accelerate wound healing. Adipose‐derived stem cells are found in fat grafts and mixing them with platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) may improve graft survival. This study aimed to establish the histological changes when diabetic foot ulcers are treated with fat grafts and PRP. A three‐armed RCT was undertaken of 18 diabetic foot ulcer patients: fat grafting; fat grafting with PRP; and routine podiatry care. Biopsies were obtained at week 0, 1, and 4, and underwent quantitative histology/immunohistochemistry (H&E, CD31, and Ki67). Treatment with fat and PRP increased mean microvessel density at 1 week to 1645 (SD 96) microvessels/mm2 (+32%‐45% to other arms, P = .035). PRP appeared to increase vascularity surrounding fat grafts, and histology suggested PRP may enhance fat graft survival. There was no clinical difference between arms. This study demonstrates PRP with fat grafts increased neovascularisation and graft survival in diabetic foot ulcers. The histology was not, however, correlated with wound healing time. Future studies should consider using apoptosis markers and fluorescent labelling to ascertain if enhanced fat graft survival is due to proliferation or reduced apoptosis. Trial registration NCT03085550.
Mechanical stimulation activates Piezo1 to promote mucin2 expression in goblet cells
Authors: Xu Yan , Bai Tao , Xiong Yilin , Liu Caiyuan , Liu Ying , Hou Xiaohua , Song Jun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and AimStudies on the regulation of mucin2 expression in intestinal goblet cells by the endocrine system and the immune system have been comprehensive, but the effects of abundant mechanical factors in the intestinal microenvironment on goblet cells are not clear.MethodsWe constructed mechanical stimulation models in vivo and in vitro to explore the effect of mechanical stimulation on intestinal goblet cells. Piezo1 expression and function were regulated through model mouse and drugs to explored whether Piezo1 mediated mechanical stimulation.ResultsThe results showed that hydrostatic pressure could promote mucus secretion in the mouse colon, and both traction force and shear force could promote the expression of mucin2 in the LS174T cell line. We further found that the Piezo1 protein, which was abundantly expressed in goblet cells, acted as a mechanoreceptor. Knockout of Piezo1 in the intestinal epithelial cells of mice could reduce the promotion of mucus secretion by pressure stimulation, and the specific downregulation of Piezo1 protein in LS174T cells or Piezo1 inhibitor treatment could significantly reduce the promotion of mucin2 expression in goblet cells by mechanical stimulation; however, treatment with a Piezo1 agonist had the opposite effect. Moreover, we found that Piezo1 regulated mucin2 expression through the downstream Erk/Ca2+ pathway.ConclusionIn short, our study confirmed for the first time that goblet cells are mechanoreceptive cells that can directly sense mechanical stimulation in the intestinal tract and respond back through the Piezo1‐Erk/Ca2+‐mucin2 pathway.
Comparison of Japan nurse practitioner‐led care and physician trainee‐led care on patients' length of stay in a secondary emergency department: A retrospective study
Authors: Uranaka Keiichi , Takaira Hitoshi , Shinohara Ryoji , Yamagata Zentaro 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimWe compared Japan nurse practitioner‐led care and physician trainee‐led care in terms of patients' length of stay in a secondary emergency department in Japan.MethodsThis was a retrospective observational study, utilizing medical records. Participants (n = 1419; mean age = 63.9 ± 23.4 years; 52.3% men) were patients transferred to the emergency department by ambulance between April 2016 and March 2018 in western Tokyo. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed, with length of stay as the dependent variable and factors related to the length of stay, including medical care leaders, as the independent variable.ResultsApproximately half of the patients (n = 763; 53.8%) received Japan nurse practitioner‐led care. Patients' length of stay was significantly shorter, by 6 min, in the Japan nurse practitioner‐led care group, compared with the physician trainee‐led care group (unstandardized coefficient: −6.81; 95% confidence interval: −13.35 to −0.26; p < 0.05).ConclusionPatients' shorter length of stay in the Japan nurse practitioner group, compared with the physician trainee group, suggests that Japan nurse practitioners are not inferior to physician trainees in terms of the time spent to manage patients.