bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma dynamics in the flaring loop observed by RHESSI
Authors: Mrozek T. , Falewicz R. , Kołomański S. , Litwicka M. 
Published: December 2021

Context. Hard X-rays (HXRs) contain the most direct information about the non-thermal electron population in solar flares. The approximation of the HXR emission mechanism (bremsstrahlung), known as the thick-target model, is well developed. It allows one to diagnose the physical conditions within a flaring structure. The thick-target model predicts that in flare foot points, we should observe lowering of HXR sources’ altitude with increasing energy.
Aims. The foot point of HXR sources result from the direct interaction of non-thermal electron beams with plasma in the lower part of the solar atmosphere, where the density increases rapidly. Therefore, we can estimate the plasma density distribution along the non-thermal electron beam directly from the observations of the altitude-energy relation obtained for the HXR foot point sources. However, the relation is not only density-dependent. Its shape is also determined by the power-law distribution of non-thermal electrons. Additionally, during the impulsive phase, the plasma density and a degree of ionisation within foot points may change dramatically due to heating and chromospheric evaporation. For this reason, the interpretation of observed HXR foot point sources’ altitudes is not straightforward and needs detailed numerical modelling of the electron precipitation process.
Methods. We present the results of numerical modelling of one well-observed solar flare. We used HXR observations obtained by RHESSI. The numerical model was calculated using the hydrodynamic 1D model with an application of the Fokker-Planck formalism for non-thermal beam precipitation.
Results. HXR data were used to trace chromospheric density changes during a non-thermal emission burst, in detail. We have found that the amount of mass that evaporated from the chromosphere is in the range of 2.7 × 1013 − 4.0 × 1014 g. This is in good agreement with the ranges obtained from hydrodynamical modelling of a flaring loop (2.3 × 1013 − 3.3 × 1013 g), and from an analysis of observed emission measure in the loop top (3.9 × 1013 − 5.3 × 1013 g). Additionally, we used specific scaling laws which gave another estimation of the evaporated mass around 2 × 1014 g.
Conclusions. Consistency between the obtained values shows that HXR images may provide an important constraint for models – a mass of plasma that evaporated due to a non-thermal electron beam depositing energy in the chromosphere. High-energy, non-thermal sources’ (above 20 keV in this case) positions fit the column density changes obtained from the hydrodynamical model perfectly. Density changes seem to be less affected by the electrons’ spectral index. The obtained results significantly improve our understanding of non-thermal electron beam precipitation and allow us to refine the energy balance in solar flare foot points during the impulsive phase.
CORALIE radial-velocity search for companions around evolved stars (CASCADES)
Authors: Ottoni G. , Udry S. , Ségransan D. , Buldgen G. , Lovis C. , Eggenberger P. , Pezzotti C. , Adibekyan V. , Marmier M. , Mayor M. , Santos N. C. , Sousa S. G. , Lagarde N. , Charbonnel C. 
Published: December 2021

Context. Following the first discovery of a planet orbiting a giant star in 2002, we started the CORALIE radial-velocity search for companions around evolved stars. We present the observations of three stars conducted at the 1.2 m Leonard Euler Swiss telescope at La Silla Observatory, Chile, using the CORALIE spectrograph.
Aims. We aim to detect planetary companions to intermediate-mass G- and K- type evolved stars and perform a statistical analysis of this population. We searched for new planetary systems around the stars HD 22532 (TIC 200851704), HD 64121 (TIC 264770836), and HD 69123 (TIC 146264536).
Methods. We have followed a volume-limited sample of 641 red giants since 2006 to obtain high-precision radial-velocity measurements. We used the Data & Analysis Center for Exoplanets platform to perform a radial-velocity analysis to search for periodic signals in the line profile and activity indices, to distinguish between planetary-induced radial-velocity variations and stellar photospheric jitter, and to search for significant signals in the radial-velocity time series to fit a corresponding Keplerian model.
Results. In this paper, we present the survey in detail, and we report on the discovery of the first three planets of the sample around the giant stars HD 22532, HD 64121, and HD 69123.
Methoxymethanol formation starting from CO hydrogenation
Authors: He Jiao , Simons Mart , Fedoseev Gleb , Chuang Ko-Ju , Qasim Danna , Lamberts Thanja , Ioppolo Sergio , McGuire Brett A. , Cuppen Herma , Linnartz Harold 
Published: December 2021

Context. Methoxymethanol (CH3OCH2OH) has been identified through gas-phase signatures in both high- and low-mass star-forming regions. Like several other C-, O-, and H-containing complex organic molecules (COMs), this molecule is expected to form upon hydrogen addition and abstraction reactions in CO-rich ice through radical recombination of CO hydrogenation products.
Aims. The goal of this work is to experimentally and theoretically investigate the most likely solid-state methoxymethanol reaction channel – the recombination of CH2OH and CH3O radicals – for dark interstellar cloud conditions and to compare the formation efficiency with that of other species that were shown to form along the CO-hydrogenation line. We also investigate an alternative hydrogenation channel starting from methyl formate.
Methods. Hydrogen atoms and CO or H2CO molecules were co-deposited on top of predeposited H2O ice to mimic the conditions associated with the beginning of “rapid” CO freeze-out. The formation of simple species was monitored in situ using infrared spectroscopy. Quadrupole mass spectrometry was used to analyze the gas-phase COM composition following a temperature-programmed desorption. Monte Carlo simulations were used for an astrochemical model comparing the methoxymethanol formation efficiency with that of other COMs.
Results. The laboratory identification of methoxymethanol is found to be challenging, in part because of diagnostic limitations, but possibly also because of low formation efficiencies. Nevertheless, unambiguous detection of newly formed methoxymethanol has been possible in both CO+H and H2CO+H experiments. The resulting abundance of methoxymethanol with respect to CH3OH is about 0.05, which is about six times lower than the value observed toward NGC 6334I and about three times lower than the value reported for IRAS 16293B. Astrochemical simulations predict a similar value for the methoxymethanol abundance with respect to CH3OH, with values ranging between 0.03 and 0.06.
Conclusions. We find that methoxymethanol is formed by co-deposition of CO and H2CO with H atoms through the recombination of CH2OH and CH3O radicals. In both the experimental and modeling studies, it is found that the efficiency of this channel alone is not sufficient to explain the observed abundance of methoxymethanol with respect to methanol. The rate of a proposed alternative channel, the direct hydrogenation of methyl formate, is found to be even less efficient. These results suggest that our knowledge of the reaction network is incomplete or involving alternative solid-state or gas-phase formation mechanisms.
Probing the low-mass end of the companion mass function for O-type stars
Authors: Reggiani M. , Rainot A. , Sana H. , Almeida L. A. , Caballero-Nieves S. , Kratter K. , Lacour S. , Le Bouquin J.-B. , Zinnecker H. 
Published: December 2021

Context. Past observations of O-type stars in the Galaxy have shown that almost all massive stars are part of a binary or higher-order multiple system. Given the wide range of separations at which these companions are found, several observational techniques have been adopted to characterize them. Despite the recent advancements in interferometric and adaptive optics observations, contrasts greater than 4 in the H band have never been reached between 100 and 1000 mas.
Aims. Using new adaptive optics (AO) assisted coronagraphic observations, we aim to study the multiplicity properties of a sample of 18 dwarf (or sub-giant) O stars in the galactic field and in OB associations to probe the existence of stellar companions in the angular separation range from 0.″15 to 6″ down to very low mass ratios.
Methods. We used VLT/SPHERE to observe simultaneously with the IRDIS and IFS sub-systems 18 O-type stars within 6 kpc and ages between 1 and 5 Myr. The IFS YJH band observations have allowed us to probe the presence of sub-solar companions in a 1.7″ × 1.7″ field-of-view down to magnitude limits of ΔH = 10 at 0.″4. In the wider 12″ × 12″ IRDIS field-of-view, we reached contrasts of ΔK = 12 at 1″, enabling us to look for even fainter companions at larger angular separations and to probe the source density of the surrounding portion of the sky.
Results. This paper presents five newly discovered intermediate (< 1″) separation companions, three of which are smaller than 0.2 M⊙. If confirmed by future analyses of proper motions, these new detections represent the lowest-mass companions ever found around O-type stars. Additionally, 29 other sources are found in the IRDIS field-of-view with spurious association probabilities smaller than 5%. Assuming that all sources detected within 1″ are physically bound companions, the observed (uncorrected for bias) fraction of companions for O-type stars between 150 and 900 mas is 0.39 ± 0.15, whereas it increases to 1.6 ± 0.3 in the separation range from 0.″9 to 6″.
Conclusions. These findings clearly support the notion that massive stars form almost exclusively in multiple systems, serving as proof of concept that supports the application of larger AO-assisted coronagraphic surveys as a crucial step in placing constraints on the multiplicity properties of massive star companions in regions of the parameter space that have previously gone unexplored. These results also demonstrate that the companion mass function is populated down to the lowest stellar masses.
Frequency of pyrethroid resistance in human head louse treatment: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mohammadi Jalal , Azizi Kourosh , Alipour Hamzeh , Kalantari Mohsen , Bagheri Masoumeh , Shahriari-Namadi Marzieh , Ebrahimi Saeedeh , Moemenbellah-Fard Mohammad D. 
Published: December 2021

Head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) are one of the most common insects causing infestations in humans worldwide, and infestation is associated with adverse socio-economic and public health effects. The development of genetic insensitivity (e.g., target site insensitivity = knockdown resistance or kdr) to topical insecticides has impaired effective treatment. Therefore, this study was undertaken to review and meta-analyze the frequency of pyrethroid resistance in treated head louse populations from the beginning of 2000 to the end of June 2021 worldwide. In order to accomplish this, all English language articles published over this period were extracted and reviewed. Statistical analyses of data were performed using fixed and random effect model tests in meta-analysis, Cochrane, meta-regression and I2 index. A total of 24 articles from an initial sample size of 5033 were accepted into this systematic review. The mean frequency of pyrethroid resistance was estimated to be 76.9%. In collected resistant lice, 64.4% were homozygote and 30.3% were heterozygote resistant. Globally, four countries (Australia, England, Israel, and Turkey) have 100% kdr gene frequencies, likely resulting in the ineffectiveness of pyrethrin- and pyrethroid-based pediculicides. The highest resistance recorded in these studies was against permethrin. This study shows that pyrethroid resistance is found at relatively high frequencies in many countries. As a result, treatment with current insecticides may not be effective and is likely the cause of increased levels of infestations. It is recommended that resistance status be evaluated prior to insecticide treatment, to increase efficacy.
Diverging Playing Positions do not Lead to Differences in YBT-UQ
Performance in Youth Handball Players
Authors: Bauer Julian , Schwiertz Gerrit , Muehlbauer Thomas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHandball playing positions can be differentiated between first line players who
position themselves near the 6-m line and second line players who typically play
outside the 9-m space. Handball is characterized by a high number of throwing
actions that cause adaptations in the throwing shoulder. The objective of this
cross-sectional study was to assess whether the specific physiological
positional demands in handball lead to functional performance differences
between the playing positions (N=196; goalkeepers:
n=25; backcourt: n=99; pivots:
n=21; winger: n=51) in terms of shoulder mobility
and stability in any reach direction as assessed through the Upper Quarter Y
Balance Test (YBT-UQ). Contrary to our hypothesis, the results did not show
significant differences between the playing positions in shoulder mobility and
stability in youth handball players, irrespective of reach arm and reach
direction. The obtained effect sizes (η
p
2)
were solely small and ranged between 0.01 and 0.03. The adaptations following
the demands of the diverging playing positions do not lead to significant
differences in shoulder mobility and stability on the basis of the YBT-UQ. The
overall training load of youth handball players may not be sufficient to lead to
significant position-specific differences in shoulder mobility and
stability.
Orthetik bei rheumatologischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Ranker Alexander 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Versorgung von Patienten mit körpernahen Hilfsmitteln wie Orthesen,
Bandagen oder Tapes stellt einen wichtigen Pfeiler der konservativen
Maßnahmen der Versorgung von rheumatologischen Erkrankungen dar. Ziel
ist es dabei stets schmerzauslösende Belastungen zu reduzieren sowie
durch Destruktion instabile Gelenke zu stabilisieren um somit die
Funktionsfähigkeit im Alltag so gut es geht aufrecht zu erhalten. Die
Teilhabe an täglichen Arbeiten kann dadurch oftmals verbessert werden,
was sich konsekutiv auf die Lebensqualität auswirkt. In diesem Beitrag
soll die Systematik von verordnungsfähigen Orthesen erklärt
werden und anschließend darauf aufbauend für wichtige, oftmals
betroffene Gelenke Stabilisationsmöglichkeiten aufgezeigt werden. Die
Evidenz und die Verordnungsweise werden dabei wenn möglich
aufgezeigt.
Welche Maßnahmen helfen bei der beruflichen Integration von
migrierten Ärzt:innen in Rehabilitationskliniken?
Authors: Jansen Eva , Hänel Patricia 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Nationale und internationale Literatur sowie eigene
Vorarbeiten zeigen, dass die berufliche Integration von migrierten
Ärzt*innen in Rehabilitationskliniken eine große
Herausforderung darstellt.
Methode Das Projekt „Strukturierte Transition und Integration in
der Rehabilitation“ (STIR) entwickelte partizipativ mit vier
Rehabilitationskliniken in Deutschland verschiedene Maßnahmen zur
strukturierten Transition und beruflichen Integration migrierter
Ärzt*innen. Zu den ausgewählten Maßnahmen
gehören ein Kurzfilm, eine Website,
Führungskräftetrainings, interkulturelle Trainings, ein Peer
Support Programm und ein Gesprächsleitfaden für
Startgespräche. In diesem Artikel beschreiben wir die Vorbereitung,
Durchführung und Evaluierung der Prototypen der oben genannten
Maßnahmen im Rahmen einer Machbarkeitsstudie bezüglich
Akzeptanz, Praktikabilität und Integrierbarkeit.
Ergebnis Es zeigt sich, dass alle getesteten Maßnahmen im
klinischen Alltag gut umsetzbar sind und von den Teilnehmer*innen
akzeptiert und für nützlich gehalten werden.
Optimierungsmöglichkeiten werden beschrieben.
Schlussfolgerung Die Studie gibt erste Hinweise auf Interventionen, die
die berufliche Integration von migrierten Mediziner*innen
fördern. Weitere Untersuchungen zu Nachhaltigkeit und genaue Anpassung
an die lokale Zielgruppe sind zu empfehlen.
Bewegungsförderliche Bewegungstherapie in der medizinischen
Rehabilitation: Konsequenzen der bundesweiten Bestandsaufnahme für die
Qualitätsentwicklung
Authors: Geidl Wolfgang , Sudeck Gorden , Wais Judith , Pfeifer Klaus 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Dieser Beitrag zielt auf die zusammenfassende Analyse des Status quo
der Bewegungstherapie in der medizinischen Rehabilitation im Hinblick auf die
Etablierung des biopsychosozialen Gesundheitsverständnisses mit einem
besonderen Fokus auf das Thema Bewegungsförderung; darauf aufbauend
werden Konsequenzen für die Optimierung der Bewegungstherapie
abgeleitet.
Methodik Um das Ziel zu erreichen, wurde ein dreischrittiges Vorgehen
gewählt, welches auf die Herausarbeitung von
Qualitätsdimensionen und qualitätsrelevanten
Handlungs-/Inhaltsbereichen für eine
bewegungsförderliche Bewegungstherapie aufbaut: 1.) die Analyse des
aktuellen Status quo der Bewegungstherapie in Bezug auf die
qualitätsrelevanten Charakteristika basierend auf den aktuellen
Ergebnissen aus dem Projekt „Bewegungstherapie in der medizinischen
Rehabilitation: eine Bestandsaufnahme auf Einrichtungs- und
Akteursebene“ (BewegtheReha); 2.) die Herausarbeitung von
Optimierungspotenzial und 3.) die Ableitung von Konsequenzen zur systematischen
Qualitätsentwicklung der Bewegungstherapie.
Ergebnisse Der Status quo der Bewegungstherapie konnte für die
folgenden Handlungs- und Inhaltsbereiche herausgearbeitet werden: Assessment und
Informationseinholung, Ziel- und Wirkbereiche, bewegungstherapeutische Angebote
und Inhalte, Arbeitsweise und Durchführung, Therapiekontrolle sowie
Zuweisung zur Bewegungstherapie (Schritt 1). Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichten, dass
das bewegungsförderliche Potenzial von Bewegungstherapie innerhalb der
medizinischen Rehabilitation bislang nicht optimal ausgeschöpft wird. Es
zeigen sich insbesondere Bedarfe für mehr Interdisziplinarität,
mehr Patientenorientierung, ein grundsätzliches Arbeiten auf Basis von
theorie- und evidenz-basierter biopsychosozialer Therapiekonzepte bei
gleichzeitig stärkerer Manualisierung und Standardisierung (Schritt 2).
Ansatzpunkte für eine Qualitätsverbesserung finden sich sowohl
auf der Programmebene, als auch auf der Therapeutenebene sowie der Systemebene.
Die abgeleiteten Handlungsempfehlungen (Schritt 3) zur
Qualitätsentwicklung der Bewegungsförderung in der
Bewegungstherapie beziehen sich auf drei Ebenen: a) die Personalentwicklung,
z. B. hinsichtlich der verbesserten Nutzung und Qualität des
Aus-, Fort- und Weiterbildungssystems, b) die Organisationsentwicklung,
z. B. Förderung der interprofessionellen Zusammenarbeit sowie c)
die Bereitstellung von Ressourcen, z. B. Zugang zu Informationen.
Schlussfolgerungen Die abgeleiteten Konsequenzen bilden die Grundlage
für die systematische Weiterentwicklung und Optimierung der
Bewegungsförderung in der Bewegungstherapie im Rahmen der medizinischen
Rehabilitation. Auf Basis der Ergebnisse können nächste Schritte
für eine Verbesserung der Konzept- und Prozessqualität einer
nachhaltigen Bewegungstherapie mit Fokus auf das Ziel der
Bewegungsförderung identifiziert und eingeleitet werden.
Oxidative Annulation of Diphenylpropanamides via In Situ Hypervalent Iodine-Promoted Intramolecular C–N/C–O Bond Formation
Authors: Liang Zhi-Peng , Yu Ying-Xin , Wang Yang , Wu Zheng-Guang , Sun Yuan-Yuan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAn aryl iodide catalyzed intramolecular oxidative transformation of diphenylpropanamide derivatives is described that can readily afford the C–N/C–O coupling products in a single step. The speed of the 1,3-aryl iodide migration process determines the diversity of target compound generation in this reaction. This straightforward approach can be performed with the use of inexpensive and readily available catalyst, transition-metal-free, mild conditions and good functional group tolerance.
Aspectos prácticos en la patología venosa del pene
Authors: Duque Alejandro Fernández , Uribe-Arcila Juan Fernando 
Published: December 2021

ResumenEl objetivo del presente artículo es mostrar una serie de alteraciones peneanas que, aunque frecuentes en la consulta de medicina sexual, son minimizadas, la mayoría de las veces por desconocimiento de los terapeutas, aunque para los pacientes que las padecen sean genuinas tragedias personales. Hemos revisado la literatura disponible sobre un grupo de seis patologías venosas especificas del pene que configuran el grupo más representativo. Se incluyen las frecuentes e indolentes venas superficiales tortuosas, los cirsoceles o flebectasias, las fugas venosas dorsales, que suelen ser una patología congénita, las deformantes malformaciones venosas del glande, la desconcertante y enigmática enfermedad de Mondor, y las fístulas arteriovenosas, con su riesgo de priapismo de alto flujo implícito. Todas se consideran alteraciones patológicas que requieren intervenciones menores en su tratamiento, excepto ciertos casos de fugas venosas y de fístulas, cuyo manejo es invasivo, y que, en conjunto, buscan una mejor comprensión de los hallazgos cotidianos en este órgano.
Manejo no quirúrgico de la artrosis de rodilla: ¿Son efectivos los medicamentos orales complementarios?
Authors: Sotomayor Juan-José , Calvo Rodriguez Rafael , Figueroa Maria Loreto , Vaisman Alex , Valderrama Carlos , Figueroa David 
Published: December 2021

ResumenLa artrosis es una enfermedad progresiva de las articulaciones sinoviales que causa dolor, impotencia funcional, discapacidad, y degeneración progresiva de la articulación. En sus tratamientos, sobre todo en etapas tempranas, existen distintas intervenciones para evitar tanto su desarrollo y progresión como también para lograr un adecuado manejo de los síntomas, y hay tratamientos médicos orales no convencionales con evidencia controvertida. El objetivo de este trabajo es proporcionar una actualización, dirigida a especialistas en Ortopedia y Traumatología, respecto a la evidencia actual sobre las terapias complementarias orales en el tratamiento de la artrosis de rodilla. Se hace referencia a los métodos fármacológicos complementarios más usados y estudiados, mencionando el método de acción y las consecuencias estudiadas sobre la artrosis de rodilla. Se finaliza con una tabla de recomendaciones basada en evidencia actual.
Prevalencia de la osificación heterotópica tras artroplastia de disco cervical a los 5 años
Authors: Stepanov Ivan A. , Beloborodov Vladimir A. 
Published: December 2021

Resumen
Introducción En los últimos años, la artroplastia de disco cervical (ADC) se ha utilizado ampliamente en pacientes como alternativa a la disectomía y fusión cervical anterior (DFCA). Sin embargo, se han informado osificación heterotópica (OH) y fusion espontánea después de ADCs, y el desarrollo de OH puede dificultar el mantenimiento de movimiento después de la artroplastia.
Materiales y Métodos El procedimiento ADC con prótesis Activ C y M6-C se realizó en 127 pacientes. El tiempo medio de seguimiento fue de 58.4 meses, con un rango de 51 a 66 meses.
Resultados Las osificaciones de grado 1 estuvieron presentes en 11 niveles (8,6%). Un total de 45 (35,4%) segmentos eran de OH de grado 2. Las OHs que produjeron restricciones del rango de movimiento estuvieron presentes en 13 (10,2%) casos. A los 5 años de seguimiento, sólo había 9 (7,0%) pacientes con osificación de grado 4 en el grupo de prótesis de disco artificial M6-C. En el análisis de la supervivencia tras la ocurrencia de OH, la mediana de los pacientes fue de 28,3 ± 5,6 meses. El grupo de prótesis de disco artificial Activ C tuvo una supervivencia estadísticamente más larga (49,5 ± 7,8 meses) que el grupo de disco M6-C.
Conclusiónes En este estudio, el 61,4% de los pacientes desarrollaron OH en un período de seguimiento medio de 58,4 meses. En el análisis de la supervivencia tras la ocurrencia de OH, la mediana de los pacientes fue de 28.3 ± 5.6 meses. El grupo de prótesis de disco artificial Activ C tuvo una supervivencia estadísticamente más larga (49.5 ± 7.8 meses) que el grupo de disco M6-C.