bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No evidence of quantitative honest signaling in aposematic traits of the green and black dendrobatid frog Dendrobates auratus in Costa Rica
Authors: Porras-Brenes Katherine , Church Gabriella , Saporito Ralph A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Aposematism is an antipredator strategy in which conspicuous coloration acts as a warning of chemical defenses to potential predators. Evidence suggests that aposematism largely functions under positive frequency-dependent selection, which is thought to maintain uniformity of aposematic signals. Many studies of aposematic organisms have found evidence that color signals and defenses are positively correlated, indicating a quantitatively honest aposematic signal. Dendrobatid poison frogs represent a well-studied group of aposematic organisms that in addition to exhibiting a diversity of color signals also display unique defensive behaviors. Few studies have examined if both behavior and coloration act as quantitative honest signals of alkaloid defenses in poison frogs. We aimed to determine if coloration and behavior are quantitatively honest signals in the green and black poison frog (Dendrobates auratus) among 6 populations from Costa Rica. We (1) evaluated antipredator displays by using behavioral assays in the field, (2) assessed frog conspicuousness and pattern using digital images, and (3) quantified alkaloid profiles from frog skin secretions. We found that Pacific populations are less conspicuous in coloration, had greater quantities of alkaloids, and more frequently performed body-raising defensive behaviors when compared with Caribbean populations. Our results do not support the hypothesis that aposematic traits in D. auratus are quantitatively honest. Rather, our results suggest that phenotypic differences among populations may represent different phenotypic optima for advertising unprofitability to predators based on local environmental conditions, leading to the diversification of aposematic signals in this species.
Duodromic atrioventricular reentry tachycardia: a case report of a rare adenosine insensitive supraventricular tachycardia
Authors: Jacinto Sofia , Figueiredo Margarida , Almeida Inês , Valente Bruno , Oliveira Mário Martins 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Accessory pathways (AP) are associated with an increased risk of atrioventricular reentry tachycardia (AVRT), presenting as a wide QRS tachycardia if the mechanism is antidromic. Rarely, AVRT may not respond to adenosine, suggesting a duodromic mechanism if the patient has multiple APs. Herein, we present a case of a male patient with multiple APs, wide QRS complex tachycardia, and resistance to adenosine.

Case presentation
A 45-year-old man with Wolff–Parkinson–White (WPW) syndrome was referred for AP ablation. He had previously been admitted with persistent palpitations and wide QRS tachycardia, which was resistant to adenosine. Electrophysiologic study revealed both right lateral and left lateral APs. Ablation successfully eliminated conduction through both pathways. Six months later, the patient remained asymptomatic but exhibited recurrence of pre-excitation on electrocardiogram, suggesting the presence of a third AP. A repeat electrophysiology study confirmed a posteroseptal AP, which was successfully ablated. The patient remained free of pre-excitation at follow-up.

Discussion
This case highlights the complexity of the diagnosis and treatment of wide QRS tachycardias in a patient with WPW. In this case, the failure to respond to adenosine was attributed to the use of a second AP as the retrograde limb of the AVRT circuit, a rare phenomenon known as duodromic AVRT. Successful identification and ablation of all APs was crucial in preventing recurrent arrhythmias, and rare mechanisms such as duodromic tachycardia should be considered when standard treatments fail.
Predictors and outcomes in patients undergoing surgery for acute type A aortic dissection requiring concomitant venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support—a retrospective multicentre cohort study
Authors: Pitts Leonard , Gasser Simone , Uzdenov Murat , Gaisendrees Christopher , Bartkevics Maris , Kreibich Maximilian , Luehr Maximilian , Kempfert Jörg , Schoenhoff Florian , Falk Volkmar , Dumfarth Julia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The study’s aim was to investigate the outcomes and risk factors for mortality in patients undergoing surgery for acute type A aortic dissection receiving concomitant venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support.

METHODS
Patients from 5 European centre who underwent surgery for acute type A aortic dissection and received perioperative venoarterial ECMO support were included. A multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for 30-day mortality. A receiver operating characteristic curve and restricted cubic splines were designed to investigate the association between pre-ECMO lactate peak and survival.

RESULTS
The final cohort comprised 117 patients. Mean time on ECMO support was 3 days (interquartile range 1–7). In 36 patients (31%), successful ECMO weaning was achieved. Thirty-day mortality was 72%, leading cause for early mortality was multiorgan failure (39%). In total, 20% of patients were discharged from hospital. Pre-ECMO lactate peak [odds ratio (OR) 1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.005–1.032], presence of preoperative shock (OR 9.47, 95% CI 1.749–98.257) and need for total arch replacement (OR 6.628, 95% CI 1.492–33.373) were identified as associates for 30-day mortality. For pre-ECMO lactate peak, the area under the curve showed an acceptable value of 0.73 and restricted cubic splines showed a significant correlation to survival (P = 0.004) with an increased risk above a lactate level of 85 mg/dl.

CONCLUSIONS
Venoarterial ECMO support may not be futile but should be well balanced against the high-risk profile in this patient cohort. The pre-ECMO lactate peak is an independent risk factor and a valid predictor of 30-day mortality.
A Historiography of Amnesia: Beyond Data, Big Tech and the (Re)Turn to Human Rights
Authors: Dao André 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
According to Elizabeth Renieris’ Beyond Data, contemporary technology governance has become too data-centric. Renieris argues that technology governance must move beyond a narrow focus on ‘data’ and towards a focus on ‘people’. More precisely, she calls for a ‘return to the original human rights-based conceptualisations of privacy and data protection’. Reading Renieris’ argument as symptomatic of a wider tendency, I argue in this review essay that the turn to human rights in technology scholarship is structured by a crucial forgetting or what I call a ‘historiography of amnesia’. While this historiography makes available the argument that human rights can serve as the uncontested normative ground for technology governance, it also obscures the large body of critical human rights scholarship, such that the turn to human rights in Beyond Data is actually a turn to a nostalgic fantasy of an ahistorical, apolitical human rights past.
Sex-specific risk factors for new-onset heart failure: the PREVEND study at 25 years
Authors: van Essen Bart J , Emmens Johanna E , Tromp Jasper , Ouwerkerk Wouter , Smit Marcelle D , Geluk Christiane A , Baumhove Lukas , Suthahar Navin , Gansevoort Ron T , Bakker Stephan J L , Damman Kevin , van der Meer Peter , de Boer Rudolf A , van Veldhuisen Dirk J , Voors Adriaan A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Current estimates for the lifetime risk to develop heart failure with either a reduced (HFrEF) or preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and their associated risk factors are derived from two studies from the USA. The sex-specific lifetime risk and population attributable fraction of potentially modifiable risk factors for incident HFpEF and HFrEF are described in a large European community-based cohort with 25 years of follow-up.

Methods
A total of 8558 participants from the PREVEND cohort were studied at baseline from 1997 onwards and followed until 2022 for cases of new-onset HFrEF (ejection fraction &lt; 50%) and HFpEF (ejection fraction ≥ 50%) by assessment of hospital records.

Results
A total of 804 cases of new-onset HF were identified (534 HFrEF and 270 HFpEF) during 25 years of follow-up. The mean age at baseline was 50 years for men and 47 years for women. The mean age at onset of HF was 72.1 years in men and 74.2 years in women. The overall lifetime risk of developing HF was 24.5% in men compared to 23.3% in women. The lifetime risk of HFrEF was lower in women compared with men (11.9% vs. 18.1%), while the lifetime risk of HFpEF was higher in women compared with men (11.5% vs. 6.4%). In women, 71% of incident HFrEF cases were attributable to eight risk factors (hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, obesity, smoking, atrial fibrillation, chronic kidney disease, myocardial infarction, and diabetes mellitus) and 60% in men. In women, 64% of incident HFpEF cases were attributable to those risk factors, whereas this was 46% in men. More specifically, in both men and women, hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia were the strongest risk factors for HFrEF, whereas hypertension and obesity were the strongest risk factors for HFpEF.

Conclusions
In this European cohort, the lifetime risk of developing HFrEF was greater in men than in women, while women were at greater risk of developing HFpEF. Eight directly and indirectly modifiable risk factors substantially accounted for the risk of developing HFrEF and HFpEF, particularly in women.
Hospitalized upper extremity artery disease patients: treatment and long-term outcomes
Authors: Makowski Lena , Engelbertz Christiane , Köppe Jeanette , Dröge Patrik , Ruhnke Thomas , Günster Christian , Gerß Joachim , Freisinger Eva , Malyar Nasser , Reinecke Holger , Feld Jannik 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Current knowledge about upper extremity artery disease (UEAD) is scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, treatment patterns, and short- and long-term outcomes of patients suffering from UEAD.

Methods
Retrospective health claims data of patients who were hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of UEAD between 2010 and 2017 were analysed. The data were obtained from 11 legally independent statutory health insurance funds of the ‘AOK-Die Gesundheitskasse’. Risk factors, comorbidities, pharmacotherapy, revascularization procedure, and outcome were evaluated with a particular focus on sex-related disparities (median follow-up time: 5.5 years).

Results
Among 2437 UEAD patients (43% female, median age of 67 years), 80% were solely atherosclerotic (UEADa), while 20% had concomitant inflammatory/connective tissue diseases (UEADc/i). Cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities were highly prevalent in both sexes. Coronary, cerebrovascular, and lower extremity artery diseases and organ failure such as chronic kidney and heart failure were more frequent in men compared with women. At index stay, women had higher rate of revascularization than men (37% vs. 27%). The 5 year mortality among the entire population was almost 50%, even higher in men (UEADa: 51% vs. 36% P &lt; .001; UEADc/i: 44% vs. 36%, P &lt; .05). Furthermore, men had higher rates of upper limb amputation compared with women despite equal secondary preventive pharmacotherapy (UEADa: 26% vs. 11%, P &lt; .001; UEADc/i: 30% vs. 18%, P &lt; .01).

Conclusions
Upper extremity artery disease patients, irrespective of the underlying disease type, face a poor prognosis with elevated proportion of amputation and mortality. Male sex was linked to increased risk of future cardiovascular and limb events including death. Further investigation is warranted to understand the underlying causes of the sex-related disparities and identify treatment improvements.
Public Perceptions of Women Peacekeepers in Troop Contributing Countries
Authors: Huber Laura 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A belief that women's representation increases legitimacy informs United Nations peacekeeping policies and the foreign policy agendas of many states. However, we do not know how women's participation alters support for UN peacekeeping within troop contributing countries. Based on gender stereotypes, the public may assume that women peacekeepers indicate that peacekeeping missions are more legitimate, which may increase support. Yet, if women peacekeepers are harmed, this may decrease support due to the gendered protection norm. Moreover, exposure to women peacekeepers may challenge gender roles. Using survey experiments in India and South Africa, this study finds that women peacekeepers’ deployment or death does not impact support for peacekeeping. However, exposure to women's casualties increases support for women's rights to some extent. Further, a survey of representatives of the UN Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations reveals gaps between decision-makers’ beliefs about how women peacekeepers impact public support and the experimental findings.
Adaptation in the Alleyways: Candidate Genes Under Potential Selection in Urban Coyotes
Authors: Kreling Samantha E S , Vance Summer E , Carlen Elizabeth J 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In the context of evolutionary time, cities are an extremely recent development. Although our understanding of how urbanization alters ecosystems is well developed, empirical work examining the consequences of urbanization on adaptive evolution remains limited. To facilitate future work, we offer candidate genes for one of the most prominent urban carnivores across North America. The coyote (Canis latrans) is a highly adaptable carnivore distributed throughout urban and nonurban regions in North America. As such, the coyote can serve as a blueprint for understanding the various pathways by which urbanization can influence the genomes of wildlife via comparisons along urban–rural gradients, as well as between metropolitan areas. Given the close evolutionary relationship between coyotes and domestic dogs, we leverage the well-annotated dog genome and highly conserved mammalian genes from model species to outline how urbanization may alter coyote genotypes and shape coyote phenotypes. We identify variables that may alter selection pressure for urban coyotes and offer suggestions of candidate genes to explore. Specifically, we focus on pathways related to diet, health, behavior, cognition, and reproduction. In a rapidly urbanizing world, understanding how species cope and adapt to anthropogenic change can facilitate the persistence of, and coexistence with, these species.
Characterizing Cognitive Dispersion and its Correlates Across the Adult Lifespan in MIDUS
Authors: Klepacz Laura M , Cerino Eric S , Hamm Jeremy M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Although research has shown that higher levels of within-person variability across cognitive tasks (dispersion) are associated with cognitive decline in clinical samples, little is known about dispersion in comparatively younger, non-clinical, and national samples. A better understanding of dispersion is needed to elucidate for whom and under what circumstances dispersion can be used as a reliable indicator of cognitive health.

Method
We used data from the Midlife in the United States Study (MIDUS; n = 2,229; Mage = 56 years, range = 33-83; 56% female) to: (a) characterize dispersion and its cross-sectional correlates in a non-clinical, adult lifespan sample and (b) examine changes in dispersion over time to determine for whom changes in dispersion may reflect better or worse cognitive aging.

Results
Correlations showed higher levels of dispersion were associated with higher levels of mean performance at both waves (rs = .28-.29). Autoregressive main effect models showed that increases in dispersion were associated with less decline in mean performance over the two-wave, 9-year follow-up period (β = .17, p &lt; .001). Moderation models showed that the link between change in dispersion and change in mean performance was pronounced in comparatively older adults (β = .28), women (β = .27), individuals with less education (β = .23), and those with lower income (β = .23) (all ps &lt; .001).

Discussion
Findings suggest that increases in dispersion may not always be maladaptive in normative, adult lifespan samples and may reflect healthier cognitive profiles in individuals who are at greater risk for cognitive impairment.
The Effects of Risky Behaviors and Social Factors on the Frequency of Fraud Victimization Among Known Victims
Authors: DeLiema Marguerite , Gao Siyu , Brannock Daniel , Langton Lynn 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Routine activity theory (RAT) asserts that a suitable target’s exposure to a motivated offender in the absence of capable guardians increases their likelihood of crime victimization. We use these principles to assess the extent to which engaging in risky routine activities—for example, entering sweepstakes drawings, answering unknown calls—is associated with victimization frequency among older adult mass marketing fraud victims across five types of scams: investment fraud, sweepstakes and lottery fraud, romance and family/friend imposter scams, fake products and services, and charity scams. We also examine whether financial and social vulnerability characteristics (loneliness, preference for taking financial risks, financial fragility) are associated with victimization frequency in older adults.

Research Design and Methods
A survey was administered to households that the U.S. Postal Inspection Service identified as having recently responded to one or more mail scam solicitations. Respondents answered questions on their behaviors, financial risk preferences, social and demographic characteristics, and number of past-year victimization experiences with 5 types of fraud.

Results
As predicted based on RAT, routine activities that increase a target’s exposure to motivated offenders are positively associated with fraud victimization frequency, although more frequent online activity was negatively associated with victimization frequency contrary to hypotheses. Precarious financial and emotional states such as financial fragility and loneliness also were associated with greater victimization frequency, and more frequent social engagement and living with others (the presence of capable guardians) had no effect.

Discussion and Implications
Target suitability factors such as loneliness, financial fragility, and risky financial preferences and behaviors are associated with a higher frequency of fraud victimization among older adults. Consumer education should include information on reducing risky behaviors that can increase fraud exposure. More frequent social engagement may not be protective. Older adults who are financially fragile and experiencing loneliness require more safeguards.
The long non-coding RNA MSTRG.32189-PcmiR399b-PcUBC24 module regulates the phosphate accumulation and disease resistance to Botryosphaeria dothidea in pear
Authors: Yang Yuekun , Lv Shamei , Huang Xiaosan , He Ying , Zhang Xiaoyan , Liu Yu , Wang Guoping , Hong Ni , Wang Liping 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Pear ring rot disease (Botryosphaeria dothidea) causes a significant threat to the healthy development of the pear industry. Recent research has identified the functional role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in various biological processes of plants. The role of lncRNAs in pear defense response remains unknown. In this study, transcriptome sequencing was used to analyze long non-coding RNAs in pear stem infected with B. dothidea. It showed that 3,555 lncRNAs were identified, of which 286 lncRNAs were significantly differentially expressed. GO and KEGG analysis showed that cis- and trans-regulated target genes were enriched in multiple disease-resistant related pathways. More specifically, MSTRG.32189 predicted as an endogenous target mimic (eTM) was significantly down-regulated in response to B. dothidea infection, which was confirmed to inhibit the cleavage effect of PcmiR399b on PcUBC24. The transgenic Arabidopsis of OE-MSTRG.32189 exhibited lower Pi content and weaker disease resistance to Botrytis cinerea compared to WT. In pear callus, overexpression of MSTRG.32189 negatively regulated PcmiR399b, which decreased Pi content and reduced disease resistance. Whereas overexpressing PcmiR399b in pear callus exhibited the opposite effects compared with OE-MSTRG.32189. Overexpression and knock-out of PcUBC24 further clarified that PcUBC24 negatively regulate the Pi content and disease resistance to B. dothidea infection. Furthermore, the ROS levels and the expressions of disease resistance pathway-related genes were regulated by the MSTRG.32189-PcmiR399b-PcUBC24 module in transgenic pear callus, which contributed to disease resistance. Overall, our results demonstrated the role of lncRNAs in pear defense response, revealing MSTRG.32189-PcmiR399b-PcUBC24 module regulates phosphate accumulation and disease resistance to B. dothidea infection in pear.
Charting a science course for the sustainable transformation of aquatic food systems
Authors: Agostini Vera N , Olsen Erik , Tiffay Céline , Allison Edward H , Cojocaru Andreea-Laura , Costello Christopher , Darias Maria J , Fabinyi Michael , Fulton Elizabeth A , Gelcich Stefan , Mills Katherine E , Msuya Flower E , Thilsted Shakuntala H , Tigchelaar Michelle 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Aquatic foods hold a unique potential to contribute to a much-needed transformation of food systems thanks to their high nutritional value, cultural significance, and relatively low environmental impact. However, realizing this potential requires a transformative approach to help overcome two grand challenges: sustainably increasing the production of nutritious aquatic foods and ensuring equitable access to these resources. This paper highlights the key recommendations from the White Paper on Challenge 3 (‘Sustainably nourish the global population’) of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (hereafter, the Ocean Decade), developed by a group of experts under the Vision 2030 process, on the science needed to support a ‘Blue Transformation’. A holistic, interdisciplinary science agenda is proposed, emphasizing strengthened institutional and public–private partnerships, prioritizing the inclusion of small-scale actors, women, and youth, and focusing on delivering science targeted to solve specific challenges. The Ocean Decade provides a platform to catalyse these efforts, fostering a paradigm shift towards inclusive, co-created science. Achieving these goals will enable aquatic food systems to contribute significantly to global food security and the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030.