bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peculiarities of Legal Regulation of Non-Discrimination on Gender Basis while Being Employed
Authors: Kuchko A. V. 
Published: October 2021

The Constitution of Ukraine enshrines and guarantees the right to labor as an opportunity to earn a living by work that a person freely chooses or agrees to. However, the current conditions indicate that the consolidation and guarantee of everyone’s right to labor is not an unconditional evidence of its inviolability, the absence of unjustified restrictions and obstacles to its realization. One of such obstacles to the realization of this right is gender discrimination, which violates the balance of male and female labor at the labor market and creates an imbalance in the harmonious development of labor and closely related relations. In this regard, the author has emphasized the importance of the existence of a wide range of effective legal principles in the national labor legislation for non-discrimination while employment, in particular on the grounds of sex, as well as an effective mechanism for their realization.
It has been clarified that the legal regulation of non-discrimination on the grounds of sex while employment is the legal regulation of labor and closely related relations through legal means in order to achieve gender parity, prevention of any manifestations of gender discrimination in the realization of the right to labor by each person and citizen.
It has been established that the current state of the development of legislative provisions of Ukraine in the field of employment implies the existence of a certain range of legal principles regulating the prevention of discrimination on the grounds of sex while being employed. The emphasis has been placed on the analysis of certain legal principles of non-discrimination, the effect of which extends to the stage of job search and acquaintance with current vacancies at the labor market. Their legal content has been analyzed and suggestions for their semantic improvement have been provided.
It has been determined that an unjustified refusal to be hired should be considered a refusal that is devoid of any motivation or when an employer refuses a candidate for reasons other than his professional and business qualities, or does not take into account a number of special requirements provided by the current legislation.
The author has emphasized on the need to create legal conditions for the harmonious combination of the interests of an employee and an employer, which can assist in preventing discrimination and allowштп each party to labor and closely related relations to achieve the desired result in realizing their labor rights and interests.
EKSTRAKSI ZAT WARNA DARI DAUN JATI MUDA (Tectona grandis Linn. F.) DAN APLIKASINYA PADA BENANG TENUNAN BIMA
Authors: R Ruslan , Wiraningtyas Agrippina , S Silaturahmi 
Published: October 2021

Indonesia adalah negara yang sangat kuat dalam penyediaan bahan baku bersumber dari alam, namun masyarakat belum mampu memanfaatkannya dengan baik. Salah satu tumbuhan yang dapat berpotensi sebagai pewarna alami adalah daun jati muda (Tectona grandis Linn. F.). Dimana daun jati muda mengandung zat pewarna antosianin yang dapat memberikan warna merah, ungu bahkan merah gelap dan tanin yang dapat memberikan warna cokelat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi pelarut terhadap ekstrak zat warna pada daun jati muda, mengetahui konsentrasi optimum pada ekstraksi zat warna dari daun jati muda dengan menggunakan metode maserasi dan mengetahui pengaruh variasi konsentrasi pelarut terhadap zat warna daun jati muda pada pewarnaan benang bahan baku kain tenunan Bima. Ekstrak daun jati muda didapat dengan cara diekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol konsentrasi 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% dan 90%. Ekstrak yang diperoleh kemudian diukur nilai absorbansinya menggunakan alat spektrofotometer Uv-Vis pada rentang panjang gelombang 190-700 nm, serta digunakan untuk mewarnai benang tenunan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah variasi konsentrasi pelarut etanol berpengaruh terhadap ekstrak zat warna dari daun jati muda dengan metode maserasi. Konsentrasi optimum pelarut etanol untuk ekstraksi zat warna dari daun jati muda dengan metode maserasi adalah konsentrasi pelarut etanol 80% yang menghasilkan nilai absorbansi 1,425. Dan variasi konsentrasi pelarut etanol berpengaruh terhadap hasil warna pada bahan baku benang tenunan Bima.
EKSTRAKSI ZAT WARNA DARI KULIT BUAH MANGGIS (Garcinia Mangostana L) DAN APLIKASINYA PADA BENANG TENUN BIMA
Authors: Wati Sri Rahma , R Ruslan , Wiraningtyas Agrippina , Agustina Sry 
Published: October 2021

Kulit buah manggis sampai saat ini belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal dan masih dianggap sebagai limbah oleh masyarakat maupun penjual masih kurang dan bahkan dibuang begitu saja. Salah satu bahan yang dapat di gunakan untuk pembuatan zat warna alami yaitu dari kulit buah manggis (Garcinia mangostana L). Kandungan yang terdapat pada buah manggis antasionin yang menghasilkan warna merah, ungu, dan biru (Indra 2009). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh waktu pelarut terhadap ekstrak zat warna dari kulit buah manggis, mengetahui waktu optimum pada ekstrak zat warna kulit buah manggis dengan menggunakan metode maserasi, dan mengetahui pengaruh variasi waktu pelarut terhadap zat warna dari kulit buah manggis pada pewarnaan benabg bahan baku kain tenunan Bima. Ekstrak kulit buah manggis didapat dengan cara diekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol waktu 1 jam, 2 jam, 3 jam, 4 jam, dan 5 jam. Ekstrak yang diperoleh kemudian diukur nilai absorbansinya menggunakan alat spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada rentang panjang gelombang 190-600 nm, serta digunakan untuk mewarnai benang tenunan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah variasi waktu pelarut etanol berperngaruh terhadap ekstrak zat warna dari kulit buah manggis dengan metode maserasi. Waktu optimum pelarut etanol untuk ekstrak zat warna dari kulit buah manggis dengan metode maserasi adalah waktu 4 jam yang menghasilkan nialai absorbansi 4.459. Dan variasi waktu pelarut etanol berpengaruh terhadap hasil warna pada bahan baku benang tenunan Bima.
Early Efficacy of Type I Collagen-Based Matrix-Assisted Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation for the Treatment of Articular Cartilage Lesions
Authors: Li Xiang , Li Shiao , Qian Jiatian , Chen Yancheng , Zhou Yiqin , Fu Peiliang 
Published: October 2021

Background: Articular cartilage is a complex structure that allows for low frictional gliding and effective shock absorption. Various sports injuries and inflammatory conditions can lead to lesions in the articular cartilage, which has limited regenerative potential. Type I collagen combined with autologous chondrocytes in a three-dimensional culture were used to induce the regeneration of single-layer autologous expanded chondrocytes without chondrogenic differentiation.Purpose: To assess the clinical, radiological, and histological changes following collagen-based autologous chondrocyte transplantation (MACT) for chondral knee lesions.Methods: The study prospectively enrolled 20 patients with symptomatic knee chondral lesions (mean size lesion was 2.41 ± 0.43 cm2, range: 2.0–3.4 cm2) in the lateral femoral condyle and femoral groove who underwent type I collagen-based MACT between July 2017 and July 2019. knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS) was assessed before the procedure, and periodic clinical follow-up was conducted every 3 months for a maximum of 12 months following the procedure and at 1-year intervals thereafter. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2 mapping of repaired cartilage was also used for the quantitative analysis of regeneration. In one patient, second-look arthroscopy was performed to assess cartilage regeneration characteristics, and a portion of regenerated cartilage was harvested for histological evaluation 12 months after implantation.Results: At pre-operation and at three, six, 12, and 24 months after the operation, KOOS pain, symptoms, daily life activities, sports and recreation, as well as the quality of life were significantly improved between every two time points. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining indicated that the newly formed cartilage was comprised of naive chondrocytes. Safranin O-fast (S-O) green staining of the regenerated tissue revealed fibroblast-like cells surrounded by glycosaminoglycans. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis indicated that collagen type II was uniformly distributed at the deep zone of articular cartilage and type I collagen mainly depositing in the superficial cartilage layer. The T2 values for repaired tissue gradually decreased, eventually approaching near-average values.Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that type I collagen-based MACT is a clinically effective treatment for improving functionality and pain levels. Histological evidence confirmed hyaline cartilage induction and showed that repaired cartilage tended to emerge from the deep to the superficial layer. The quantitative MRI T2 mapping test indicated that there still was a difference between the transplanted cartilage and the surrounding hyaline cartilage. Taken together, the current method represents an efficient approach for the restoration of knee cartilage lesions.
Redesigning Vina@QNLM for Ultra-Large-Scale Molecular Docking and Screening on a Sunway Supercomputer
Authors: Lu Hao , Wei Zhiqiang , Wang Cunji , Guo Jingjing , Zhou Yuandong , Wang Zhuoya , Liu Hao 
Published: October 2021

Ultra-large-scale molecular docking can improve the accuracy of lead compounds in drug discovery. In this study, we developed a molecular docking piece of software, Vina@QNLM, which can use more than 4,80,000 parallel processes to search for potential lead compounds from hundreds of millions of compounds. We proposed a task scheduling mechanism for large-scale parallelism based on Vinardo and Sunway supercomputer architecture. Then, we readopted the core docking algorithm to incorporate the full advantage of the heterogeneous multicore processor architecture in intensive computing. We successfully expanded it to 10, 465, 065 cores (1,61,001 management process elements and 0, 465, 065 computing process elements), with a strong scalability of 55.92%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that 10 million cores are used for molecular docking on Sunway. The introduction of the heterogeneous multicore processor architecture achieved the best speedup, which is 11x more than that of the management process element of Sunway. The performance of Vina@QNLM was comprehensively evaluated using the CASF-2013 and CASF-2016 protein–ligand benchmarks, and the screening power was the highest out of the 27 pieces of software tested in the CASF-2013 benchmark. In some existing applications, we used Vina@QNLM to dock more than 10 million molecules to nine rigid proteins related to SARS-CoV-2 within 8.5 h on 10 million cores. We also developed a platform for the general public to use the software.
A Retrospective Analysis of Chemical Constituents in Regulated and Unregulated E-Cigarette Liquids
Authors: Holt Alaina K. , Poklis Justin L. , Peace Michelle R. 
Published: October 2021

E-cigarette or vaping use-associated lung injury (EVALI) was identified with the incidents of a multi-state outbreak of acute lung injuries associated with the use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) and attributed to vitamin E acetate in off-market cannabis-based e-liquids. Aside from EVALI, hypersecretion of mucus, irritated nasal passages, and watery, red eyes have been defined as complaints associated with vaping standard nicotine-based e-liquids. The chemical composition of e-liquids varies between manufacturers and robust oversight of ingredients is lacking. Manufacturers use chemicals deemed “generally recognized as safe” (GRAS) by the FDA, a designation for chemicals used in foodstuffs to be ingested. Most “GRAS” chemicals are associated with at least one Global Harmonization System (GHS) warning class, ranging from irritant to toxic. Untargeted chemical analysis is critical to evaluate e-liquid products to determine chemical composition; equally important is the quantitation of components to help elucidate the potential harms from exceeding recommended exposure limits. Untargeted screening of e-liquids was accomplished using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Direct Analysis in Real Time-AccuTOF™ mass spectrometry (DART-ToF-MS) and has identified 350 chemical constituents from 241 products analyzed. Nicotine, caffeine, menthol, and vitamin E were confirmed and quantitated by GC-MS, ethanol was confirmed and quantitated by headspace-gas chromatography-dual flame ionization detection (HS-GC-FID), and olivetol and cannabinoids were confirmed and quantitated by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Maximum identified concentrations of nicotine, caffeine, menthol, vitamin E, ethanol, olivetol, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, and cannabidiol were 56.4, 26.9, 4.28, 307.9, 217.2, 399.6, 497.7, and 332.6 mg/ml, respectively. Evaluation of untargeted analysis and quantitation of unlabeled chemical components of e-liquids is essential to improving etiology of acute lung injury and less severe impacts of vaping, both short-term and long-term. The historical documentation of unlabeled ingredients can provide some insight for a retrospective analysis of health consequences and inform policy discussions.
Observation of the Gut Microbiota Profile in C57BL/6 Mice Induced by Plasmodium berghei ANKA Infection
Authors: Guan Wei , Yang Shuguo , Zhao Yanqing , Cheng Weijia , Song Xiaonan , Yao Yi , Xie Yiting , Du Weixing , Li Jian 
Published: October 2021

The genus of Plasmodium parasites can cause malaria, which is a prevalent infectious disease worldwide, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. C57BL/6 mice infected with P. berghei ANKA (PbA) will suffer from experimental cerebral malaria (ECM). However, the gut microbiota in C57BL/6 mice has rarely been investigated, especially regarding changes in the intestinal environment caused by infectious parasites. P. berghei ANKA-infected (PbA group) and uninfected C57BL/6 (Ctrl group) mice were used in this study. C57BL/6 mice were infected with PbA via intraperitoneal injection of 1 × 106 infected red blood cells. Fecal samples of two groups were collected. The microbiota of feces obtained from both uninfected and infected mice was characterized by targeting the V4 region of the 16S rRNA through the Illumina MiSeq platform. The variations in the total gut microbiota composition were determined based on alpha and beta diversity analyses of 16S rRNA sequencing. The raw sequences from all samples were generated and clustered using ≥ 97% sequence identity into many microbial operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The typical microbiota composition in the gut was dominated by Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia at the phylum level. Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia were considerably decreased after PbA infection compared with the control group (Ctrl), while Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were increased substantially after PbA infection compared with Ctrl. The alpha diversity index showed that the observed OTU number was increased in the PbA group compared with the Ctrl group. Moreover, the discreteness of the beta diversity revealed that the PbA group samples had a higher number of OTUs than the Ctrl group. LEfSe analysis revealed that several potential bacterial biomarkers were clearly related to the PbA-infected mice at the phylogenetic level. Several bacterial genera, such as Acinetobacter, Lactobacillus, and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, were overrepresented in the PbA-infected fecal microbiota. Meanwhile, a method similar to gene coexpression network construction was used to generate the OTU co-abundance units. These results indicated that P. berghei ANKA infection could alter the gut microbiota composition of C57BL/6 mice. In addition, potential biomarkers should offer insight into malaria pathogenesis and antimalarial drug and malaria vaccine studies.
Sesamol Induces Apoptosis-Like Cell Death in Leishmania donovani
Authors: Ali Rahat , Tabrez Shams , Akand Sajjadul Kadir , Rahman Fazlur , Husein Atahar , Arish Mohd , Alqahtani Ali S. , Ahmed Mohammad Z. , Husain Mohammad , Rub Abdur 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundVisceral leishmaniasis (VL), caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani (L. donovani), is the most severe form of leishmaniasis. It is largely responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in tropical and subtropical countries. Currently, available therapeutics have lots of limitations including high-cost, adverse side-effects, painful route of administration, less efficacy, and resistance. Therefore, it is time to search for cheap and effective antileishmanial agents. In the present work, we evaluated the antileishmanial potential of sesamol against promastigotes as well as intracellular amastigotes. Further, we tried to work out its mechanism of antileishmanial action on parasites through different assays.MethodologyIn vitro and ex vivo antileishmanial assays were performed to evaluate the antileishmanial potential of sesamol on L. donovani. Cytotoxicity was determined by MTT assay on human THP-1-derived macrophages. Sesamol-induced morphological and ultrastructural changes were determined by electron microscopy. H2DCFDA staining, JC-1dye staining, and MitoSOX red staining were performed for reactive oxygen assay (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential, and mitochondrial superoxide, respectively. Annexin V/PI staining for apoptosis, TUNEL assay, and DNA laddering for studying sesamol-induced DNA fragmentation were performed.ConclusionsSesamol inhibited the growth and proliferation of L. donovani promastigotes in a dose-dependent manner. It also reduced the intracellular parasite load without causing significant toxicity on host-macrophages. Overall, it showed antileishmanial effects through induction of ROS, mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA fragmentation, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis-like cell death to parasites. Our results suggested the possible use of sesamol for the treatment of leishmaniasis after further in vivo validations.
Molecular Epidemiology of Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli Causing Hemorrhagic Pneumonia in Mink in Northern China
Authors: Yu Ying , Hu Bo , Fan Huanhuan , Zhang Hailing , Lian Shizhen , Li Hongye , Li Shuangshuang , Yan Xijun , Wang Shaohui , Bai Xue 
Published: October 2021

The molecular epidemiology and biological characteristics of Escherichia coli associated with hemorrhagic pneumonia (HP) mink from five Chinese Provinces were determined. From 2017 to 2019, 85 E. coli strains were identified from 115 lung samples of mink suffering from HP. These samples were subjected to serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility, detection of virulence genes, phylogenetic grouping, whole-genome sequencing, drug resistant gene, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and biofilm-forming assays. E. coli strains were divided into 18 serotypes. Thirty-nine E. coli strains belonged to the O11 serotype. Eighty-five E. coli strains were classified into seven phylogenetic groups: E (45.9%, 39/85), A (27.1%, 23/85), B1 (14.1%, 12/85), B2 (3.7%, 3/85), D (3.7%, 3/85), F (2.4%, 2/85) and clade I (1.2%, 1/85). MLST showed that the main sequence types (STs) were ST457 (27/66), All E. coli strains had ≥4 virulence genes. The prevalence of virulence was 98.8% for yijp and fimC, 96.5% for iucD, 95.3% for ompA, 91.8% for cnf-Ⅰ, 89.4% for mat, 82.3% for hlyF, and 81.2% for ibeB. The prevalence of virulence genes iss, cva/cvi, aatA, ibeA, vat, hlyF, and STa was 3.5–57.6%. All E. coli strains were sensitive to sulfamethoxazole, but high resistance was shown to tetracycline (76.5%), chloramphenicol (71.8%), ciprofloxacin (63.5%) and florfenicol (52.9%), resistance to other antibiotics was 35.3–16.5%. The types and ratios of drug-resistance genes were tet(A), strA, strB, sul2, oqxA, blaTEM-1B, floR, and catA1 had the highest frequency from 34%-65%, which were consistent with our drug resistance phenotype tetracycline, florfenicol, quinolones, chloramphenicol, the bla-NDM-I and mcr-I were presented in ST457 strains. Out of 85 E. coli strains, six (7.1%) possessed a strong ability, 12 (14.1%) possessed a moderate ability, and 64 (75.3%) showed a weak ability to form biofilm. Our data will aid understanding of the epidemiological background and provide a clinical basis for HP treatment in mink caused by E. coli.
High-Intensity Statin vs. Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Target for Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Insights From a Territory-Wide Cohort Study in Hong Kong
Authors: Ng Andrew Kei-Yan , Ng Pauline Yeung , Ip April , Siu Chung-Wah 
Published: October 2021

Background: Different guidelines recommend different approaches to lipid management in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. We aim to determine the best strategy for lipid management in Asian patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Method: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted in patients who underwent first-ever PCI from 14 hospitals in Hong Kong. All participants either achieved low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) target of &lt;55 mg/dl with ≥50% reduction from baseline (group 1), or received high-intensity statin (group 2), or both (group 3) within 1 yr after PCI. The primary endpoint was a composite outcome of all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, and any unplanned coronary revascularization between 1 and 5 yr after PCI.Results: A total of 8,650 patients were analyzed with a median follow-up period of 4.2 yr. After the adjustment of baseline characteristics, complexity of PCI and medications prescribed and the risks of the primary outcome were significantly lower in group 2 (hazard ratio [HR], 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74–0.93, P = 0.003) and group 3 (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.62–0.90; P = 0.002). The primary outcome occurred at similar rates between group 2 and group 3.Conclusions: Use of high intensity statin, with or without the attainment of guidelines recommended LDL-C target, was associated with a lower adjusted risk of MACE at 5 yr, compared with patients who attained LDL-C target without high intensity statin.