bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continuous measurement of arterial oxygenation in mechanically ventilated horses
Authors: Hummer Emma V. , Soares Joao H. N. , Crockett Douglas C. , Aguiar Antonio J. A. , Tran Minh C. , Cronin John N. , Brosnan Robert J. , Braun Christina , Formenti Federico 
Published: November 2021

SummaryBackgroundThe possibility of accurately and continuously measuring arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) in horses may facilitate the management of hypoxaemia during general anaesthesia.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of a novel fibreoptic sensor to measure PaO2 (PaO2Sensor) continuously and in real time in horses undergoing ventilatory manoeuvres during general anaesthesia.Study designIn vivo experimental study.MethodsSix adult healthy horses were anaesthetised and mechanically ventilated in dorsal recumbency. A fibreoptic sensor was placed in one of the facial arteries through a catheter to continuously measure and record PaO2Sensor. After an alveolar recruitment manoeuvre, a decremental positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) titration using 20‐minute steps of 5 cm H2O from 20 to 0 cm H2O was performed. An arterial blood sample was collected at 15 minutes of ventilation at each PEEP level for PaO2 measurement using an automated blood gas machine (PaO2Ref). The agreement between PaO2Sensor and PaO2Ref was assessed by Pearson's correlation, Bland‐Altman plot and four‐quadrant plot analysis. In the last minute of ventilation at each PEEP level, a slow tidal inflation/deflation manoeuvre was performed.ResultsThe mean relative bias between PaO2Sensor and PaO2Ref was 4% with limits of agreement between −17% and 29%. The correlation coefficient between PaO2Sensor and PaO2Ref was 0.98 (P < .001). The PaO2Sensor and PaO2Ref concordance rate for changes was 95%. Measurements of PaO2Sensor during the slow inflation/deflation manoeuvre at PEEP 15 and 10 cm H2O were not possible because of significant noise on the PaO2 signal generated by a small blood clot.Main limitationsSmall sample size.ConclusionThe tested fibreoptic probe was able to accurately and continuously measure PaO2Sensor in anaesthetised horses undergoing ventilatory manoeuvres. A heparinised system in the catheter used by the fibreoptic sensor should be used to avoid blood clots and artefacts in the PaO2 measurements.
Demand information sharing in a two‐echelon supply chain with a risk‐averse retailer: retail price decision versus retail quantity decision
Authors: Cai Jianhu , Sun Haining , Hu Xiaoqing , Jin Kangjie , Ping Minyan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe examine the demand information sharing strategies of the risk‐averse retailer in a two‐echelon supply chain. The retailer is privately informed of the demand signal before the selling season. The retailer's risk aversion is described by the utility and mean‐variance method. According to different decision choices of the retailer, we investigate the dynamic game among the supply chain members under the retail price decision and the retail quantity decision. Additionally, the influences of the degree of risk aversion on supply chain members’ equilibrium solutions and ex ante expected utilities are analyzed, and the demand information sharing strategies of the retailer are investigated. Our result shows that under the retail price decision, the retailer is inclined to share the demand signal when the degree of risk aversion surpasses a special threshold and never shares under the retail quantity decision.
Effect sizes and research directions of technology application in museum learning: Evidence obtained by integrating meta‐analysis with co‐citation network analysis
Authors: Xu Wei , Dai Taotao , Shen Zhiyi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundMany researchers have explored the impact of various technologies in museums on learning effects. Whether the application of technology in informal museum learning is effective, is the current issue that scholars pay more attention to.ObjectivesThis study will find the evidence to determine the effects of technology use on museum learning outcomes, and identify the future research trends in the field of technology application in museum learning.MethodsThis study used a meta‐analysis method to statistically analyse the experimental and quasi‐experimental research in this field, and explored the effect sizes of technology application on the learning effect of museums. And the co‐citation network analysis method was used to analyse the distribution of academic groups and research institutions in this field and the changes in research hotspots.Results and ConclusionsThe results show that technologies significantly enhance noncognitive learning. Significant differences exist in the effects of the moderating variables on the influence of technology on the learning outcomes of museum learning. The scholars engaged in this research field come from various countries or regions and institutions. The research hotspots of and extended research on technically supported museum learning have changed continually in the past decade.Major TakeawaysThis study answers the question of “whether, how, and to what extent does the application of technology affect the learning effect of museums”. According to the research conclusions, certain suggestions are proposed in this paper from the perspectives of researchers and museum institutions for the effective application of museum technology.
Hourly variability in outflow tract ectopy as a predictor of its site of origin
Authors: Waight Michael C. , Li Anthony C. , Leung Lisa W. , Wiles Benedict M. , Thomas Gareth R , Gallagher Mark M. , Behr Elijah R. , Sohal Manav , Restrepo Alejandro J. , Saba Magdi M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionBefore ablation, predicting the site of origin (SOO) of outflow tract ventricular arrhythmia (OTVA), can inform patient consent and facilitate appropriate procedural planning. We set out to determine if OTVA variability can accurately predict SOO.MethodsConsecutive patients with a clear SOO identified at OTVA ablation had their prior 24‐h ambulatory ECGs retrospectively analysed (derivation cohort). Percentage ventricular ectopic (VE) burden, hourly VE values, episodes of trigeminy/bigeminy, and the variability in these parameters were evaluated for their ability to distinguish right from left‐sided SOO. Effective parameters were then prospectively tested on a validation cohort of consecutive patients undergoing their first OTVA ablation.ResultsHigh VE variability (coefficient of variation ≥0.7) and the presence of any hour with <50 VE, were found to accurately predict RVOT SOO in a derivation cohort of 40 patients. In a validation cohort of 29 patients, the correct SOO was prospectively identified in 23/29 patients (79.3%) using CoV, and 26/29 patients (89.7%) using VE < 50. Including current ECG algorithms, VE < 50 had the highest Youden Index (78), the highest positive predictive value (95.0%) and the highest negative predictive value (77.8%).ConclusionVE variability and the presence of a single hour where VE < 50 can be used to accurately predict SOO in patients with OTVA. Accuracy of these parameters compares favorably to existing ECG algorithms.
Unexplained anemia of aging: Etiology, health consequences, and diagnostic criteria
Authors: Guralnik Jack , Ershler William , Artz Andrew , Lazo‐Langner Alejandro , Walston Jeremy , Pahor Marco , Ferrucci Luigi , Evans William J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundUp to 15% of people aged 60 and over are anemic, and the prevalence of anemia increases with age. In older men and women, anemia is associated with increases in the risk of death and all‐cause hospitalization, poor functional capacity, quality of life, and depression.Methods and ResultsWe reviewed the literature describing anemia in aging populations, focusing on the specific diagnostic criteria of anemia and potential causes in older men and women. Even after extensive etiologic workup that involves careful medical history, physical examination, laboratory measurements, and additional studies such as bone marrow biopsy, anemia of aging is unexplained in up to 40% of older patients with anemia. As a result, treatment options remain limited.ConclusionsThe prevalence of unexplained anemia of aging (UAA; also called unexplained anemia of the elderly, UAE), its deleterious impacts on health, physical function, and quality of life, and the lack of effective treatment or therapy guidelines represent a compelling unmet clinical need. In this review and consensus document, we discuss the scope of the problem, possible causes of UAA, diagnostic criteria, and potential treatment options. Because even mild anemia is strongly linked to poor clinical outcomes, it should receive clinical attention rather than simply being considered a normal part of aging.
GhKNL1 controls fiber elongation and secondary cell wall synthesis by repressing its downstream genes in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)
Authors: Wang Yao , Li Yang , Gong Si‐Ying , Qin Li‐Xia , Nie Xiao‐Ying , Liu Dong , Zheng Yong , Li Xue‐Bao 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTCotton which produces natural fiber materials for the textile industry is one of the most important crops in the world. Class II KNOX proteins are often considered as transcription factors in regulating plant secondary cell wall (SCW) formation. However, the molecular mechanism of the KNOX transcription factor‐regulated SCW synthesis in plants (especially in cotton) remains unclear in details so far. In this study, we show a cotton class II KNOX protein (GhKNL1) as a transcription repressor functioning in fiber development. The GhKNL1‐silenced transgenic cotton produced longer fibers with thicker SCWs, whereas GhKNL1 dominant repression transgenic lines displayed the opposite fiber phenotype, compared with controls. Further experiments revealed that GhKNL1 could directly bind to promoters of GhCesA4‐2/4‐4/8‐2 and GhMYB46 for modulating cellulose synthesis during fiber SCW development in cotton. On the other hand, GhKNL1 could also suppress expressions of GhEXPA2D/4A‐1/4D‐1/13A through binding to their promoters for regulating fiber elongation of cotton. Taken together, these data revealed GhKNL1 functions in fiber elongation and SCW formation by directly repressing expressions of its target genes related to cell elongation and cellulose synthesis. Thus, our data provide an effective clue for potentially improving fiber quality by genetic manipulation of GhKNL1 in cotton breeding.
Predictors of nurses’ reporting for work at the time of epidemics and natural disasters; solutions for hospital surge capacity
Authors: Ghavami Vahid , Kokabi Saghi Fatemeh , Asghari Ali , Shabanikiya Hamidreza 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeTo identify the predictors of nurses’ presence at hospitals at the time of three types of disasters.DesignThis cross‐sectional study was performed using a researcher‐generated questionnaire.MethodsThis study was performed on 350 nurses of five public hospitals. Data was collected using a questionnaire in which the respondents were asked about their decisions on reporting for work in the event of three scenarios: epidemic of an unknown contagious respiratory disease, earthquake, and flood. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the data.FindingsThe four predictors of nurses reporting for work include receiving trainings on disasters, and concerns on the non‐compensation for providing services following the disaster, concerns about family safety and workplace safety.ConclusionAlthough slightly different factors affect the willingness of participants to report for work in each scenario, they can be put in two main categories; namely as personal and impersonal. Devising a family disaster plan and providing educational programs on self‐care are two main strategies to increase the chances of presence at work following disasters.Clinical relevanceThe presence of more nurses in the hospital at the time of disasters can significantly improve the quality of care, and clinical outcomes of patients and disaster victims.
The clinical utility of contemporary oral epithelial dysplasia grading systems
Authors: Sathasivam Hans Prakash , Sloan Philip , Thomson Peter J. , Robinson Max 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionClinical management of oral potentially malignant disorders relies on accurate histopathological assessment of the presence and grade of oral epithelial dysplasia. While adjunctive laboratory tests have provided useful prognostic information, none are in widespread clinical use. This study was performed to assess the clinical utility of two contemporary oral epithelial dysplasia grading systems.MethodsPatients were identified from a clinical database. Oral epithelial dysplasia grading was performed by three oral and maxillofacial pathologists blinded to clinical outcome using the WHO 2017 system and a binary classification. The primary outcome measure was the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma, termed ‘malignant transformation’.ResultsOne hundred thirty‐one cases satisfied the inclusion criteria, of which 23 underwent malignant transformation. There was substantial inter‐rater agreement between the study pathologists for both grading systems, measured using kappa statistics (κ = 0.753 – 0.784). However, there was only moderate agreement between the consensus WHO 2017 dysplasia grade for the study against the original grade assigned by a pool of six pathologists in the context of the clinical service (κ = 0.491). Higher grade categories correlated with an increased risk of developing cancer using both grading systems.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that the WHO 2017 and binary grading systems are reproducible between calibrated pathologists and that consensus reporting is likely to improve the consistency of grading. The WHO and binary systems were prognostically comparable. We recommend that institutions implement consensus oral epithelial dysplasia grading and prospectively audit the effectiveness of risk stratifying their patients with oral potentially malignant disorders.(249 words).
Pre‐treatment neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio is an independent prognostic factor in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Meta‐analysis and trial sequential analysis
Authors: Mariani Pierluigi , Russo Diana , Maisto Marco , Troiano Giuseppe , Caponio Vito Carlo Alberto , Annunziata Marco , Laino Luigi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInflammation seems to play a critical role in the development and progression of different cancers. Neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an easily measurable marker of systemic inflammation. The purpose of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to evaluate the prognostic role of the pre‐treatment NLR, in terms of overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS), in patients with primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treated by surgery alone or followed by chemo/radiotherapy. This systematic review was performed according to the guidelines reported in the Cochrane Handbook and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) statement. Meta‐analysis of OS and DFS was performed using the inverse of variance test. Fixed‐effect models were used on the basis of the presence of heterogeneity. Risk of bias assessment and trial sequential analysis (TSA) were also performed; the quality of the evidence was evaluated via the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. The analysis revealed that a higher value of pre‐treatment NLR correlates with a statistically significant decrease of OS (HR, 1.56; 95% CI: [1.35, 1.80]; p < 0.00001) and a lower DFS (HR, 1.64; 95% CI: [1.30, 2.07]; p < 0.0001) in HNSCC patients.
Post‐operative outcomes in canine eyes receiving a rhexis‐fixated prosthetic intra‐ocular lens: 30 cases (2014‐2020)
Authors: Lewin G. A. , Dixon C. J. 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesTo report the outcomes following the insertion of a rhexis‐fixated prosthetic intraocular lens (IOL) in dogs undergoing lens removal.Materials and MethodsThe results are from 30 eyes of 28 dogs, undergoing lendectomy, in which the lens capsule could not accommodate a conventional prostheticendo‐capsular IOL. The reported cases had sustained either spontaneous or traumatic lens capsule rupture, or accidental intra‐operative iatrogenic lens capsule disruption, or had required a planned, large, anterior or posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis, all of which precluded insertion of a prosthetic IOL within the lens capsule. An acrylic IOL (XVET; Medicontur) was modified and positioned across the anterior and/or posterior capsulorhexes.ResultsOther than haptic luxation in three cases, no complications were seen that were directly attributable to the rhexis‐fixated lens. Over a follow‐up period from three to 76 months (mean 20.7 months) 26/30 eyes remained visual. Blindness developed in three eyes due to retinal detachment and one eye was enucleated due to regrowth of a ciliary body adenoma.Clinical SignificanceRhexis fixation provided an alternative method to implant a prosthetic IOL when the lens capsule was unable to accommodate a conventionalendo‐capsular IOL.
I, we and they: A linguistic and narrative exploration of the authorship process
Authors: Konopasky Abigail , O'Brien Bridget C. , Artino Anthony R. , Driessen Erik W. , Watling Christopher J. , Maggio Lauren A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionWhile authorship plays a powerful role in the academy, research indicates many authors engage in questionable practices like honorary authorship. This suggests that authorship may be a contested space where individuals must exercise agency—a dynamic and emergent process, embedded in context—to negotiate potentially conflicting norms among published criteria, disciplines and informal practices. This study explores how authors narrate their own and others' agency in making authorship decisions.MethodWe conducted a mixed‐methods analysis of 24 first authors' accounts of authorship decisions on a recent multi‐author paper. Authors included 14 females and 10 males in health professions education (HPE) from U.S. and Canadian institutions (10 assistant, 6 associate and 8 full professors). Analysis took place in three phases: (1) linguistic analysis of grammatical structures shown to be associated with agency (coding for main clause subjects and verb types); (2) narrative analysis to create a ‘moral’ and ‘title’ for each account; and (3) dialectic integration of (1) and (2).ResultsDescriptive statistics suggested that female participants used we subjects and material verbs (of doing) more than men and that full professors used relational verbs (of being and having) more than assistant and associate. Three broad types of agency were narrated: distributed (n = 15 participants), focusing on how resources and work were spread across team members; individual (n = 6), focusing on the first author's action; and collaborative (n = 3), focusing on group actions. These three types of agency contained four subtypes, e.g. supported, contested, task‐based and negotiated.DiscussionThis study highlights the complex and emergent nature of agency narrated by authors when making authorship decisions. Published criteria offer us starting point—the stated rules of the authorship game; this paper offers us a next step—the enacted and narrated approach to the game.
Does resource exchange in ectomycorrhizal symbiosis vary with competitive context and nitrogen addition?
Authors: Bogar Laura M. , Tavasieff Oceana S. , Raab Ted K. , Peay Kabir G. 
Published: November 2021

Summary

Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis is essential for the nutrition of most temperate forest trees and helps regulate the movement of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) through forested ecosystems. The factors governing the exchange of plant C for fungal N, however, remain obscure.

Because competition and soil resources may influence ectomycorrhizal resource movement, we performed a 10‐month split‐root microcosm study using Pinus muricata seedlings with Thelephora terrestris, Suillus pungens, or no ectomycorrhizal fungus, under two N concentrations in artificial soil. Fungi competed directly with roots and indirectly with each other. We used stable isotope enrichment to track plant photosynthate and fungal N.

For T. terrestris, plants received N commensurate with the C given to their fungal partners. Thelephora terrestris was a superior mutualist under high‐N conditions. For S. pungens, plant C and fungal N exchange were not coupled. However, in low‐N conditions, plants preferentially allocated C to S. pungens rather than T. terrestris.

Our results suggest that ectomycorrhizal resource transfer depends on competitive and nutritional context. Plants can exchange C for fungal N, but coupling of these resources can depend on the fungal species and soil N. Understanding the diversity of fungal strategies, and how they change with environmental context, reveals mechanisms driving this important symbiosis.
A systematic review of metabolomic studies of childhood obesity: State of the evidence for metabolic determinants and consequences
Authors: Handakas Evangelos , Lau Chung Ho , Alfano Rossella , Chatzi Vaia Lida , Plusquin Michelle , Vineis Paolo , Robinson Oliver 
Published: November 2021

SummaryChildhood obesity has become a global epidemic and carries significant long‐term consequences to physical and mental health. Metabolomics, the global profiling of small molecules or metabolites, may reveal the mechanisms of development of childhood obesity and clarify links between obesity and metabolic disease. A systematic review of metabolomic studies of childhood obesity was conducted, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) guidelines, searching across Scopus, Ovid, Web of Science and PubMed databases for articles published from January 1, 2005 to July 8, 2020, retrieving 1271 different records and retaining 41 articles for qualitative synthesis. Study quality was assessed using a modified Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Thirty‐three studies were conducted on blood, six on urine, three on umbilical cord blood, and one on saliva. Thirty studies were primarily cross‐sectional, five studies were primarily longitudinal, and seven studies examined effects of weight‐loss following a life‐style intervention. A consistent metabolic profile of childhood obesity was observed including amino acids (particularly branched chain and aromatic), carnitines, lipids, and steroids. Although the use of metabolomics in childhood obesity research is still developing, the identified metabolites have provided additional insight into the pathogenesis of many obesity‐related diseases. Further longitudinal research is needed into the role of metabolic profiles and child obesity risk.
Lung and airway ultrasound in pediatric anesthesia
Authors: Adler Adam C. , Siddiqui Asad , Chandrakantan Arvind , Matava Clyde T. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPerioperative lung ultrasound is a continuously evolving modality with numerous applications for the pediatric anesthesiologist. Lung ultrasound can be used at the bedside, including intraoperatively, to augment traditional physical examination methods of assessing cardiopulmonary structures and identifying the presence of specific and clinically significant pathology. With regard to the lungs, ultrasound has been shown to be highly sensitive at identification of pulmonary pathologies, particularly those of interest in the acute care setting (eg, pleural effusion, pneumothorax). With its relative ease of performance, lung ultrasound should be considered in the initial evaluation of intraoperative hypoxemia particularly when traditional modes of evaluation are nonexplanatory. This educational review introduces the basic concepts of lung ultrasound as they relate to pediatric anesthesia patients.