bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental study on crack characteristics and acoustic emission characteristics in rock-like material with pre-existing cracks
Authors: Pan Ji-Shun , Yuan Shuang-Xi , Jiang Tong , Cui Cheng-Hao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGrain size composition, crack pattern, and crack length have a significant influence on the crack characteristics, mechanical characteristics, and acoustic emission characteristics of rock masses. In this paper, the crack characteristics, mechanical characteristics, and acoustic emission characteristics of rock masses with different grain size compositions, different crack patterns, and different crack lengths were investigated under uniaxial compression. The rock masses were made of rock-like materials. The crack initiation locations and crack propagation directions were different for a specimen comprised of one grain size range compared with specimens comprised of two or three grain size ranges. The specimens comprised of one and three grain size ranges crack progressively. The specimen comprised of two-grain size ranges brittle fracture. The highest peak axial load was found in the specimens comprised of one grain size range. The results showed that tensile wing crack, anti-tensile wing crack, transverse shear crack, compression induced tensile crack, and surface spalling were produced in specimens with different crack orientations. The rock mass with 2 cm long crack started to produce cracks from the tip of the crack extending to the top and bottom surface, soon forming through cracks. The rock was brittle fracture. The axial load reached the maximum and then fell rapidly. The acoustic emission energy reached a rapid maximum and then decreased rapidly. The rock mass with 3 cm long fissures started to produce cracks that only extended from the tip of the fissures to the top surface but not to the bottom surface. The rock mass was progressively fractured. The axial load was progressively decreasing. The acoustic emission energy also rose and fell rapidly several times as the rock mass was progressively fractured. Different rock crack lengths led to different crack processes and crack patterns, resulting in very different acoustic emission characteristics.
Influence of selected factors on the Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes phyla and the Lactobacillaceae family in the digestive tract of sheep
Authors: Cholewińska Paulina , Wołoszyńska Magdalena , Michalak Marta , Czyż Katarzyna , Rant Witold , Smoliński Jakub , Wyrostek Anna , Wojnarowski Konrad 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this study, we used 10 healthy sheep, which gave birth to healthy twins. Stool samples were collected from mothers and their offspring 3 times during the study (0, 28 and 56 day postpartum). Milk samples were taken from the mothers at the same time. RT PCR analysis of faeces and milk was performed in order to assess the level of bacteria from the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla including the family Lactobacillaceae (phylum Firmicutes). The composition of mother's milk was also analyzed and their BCS. The data were compiled statistically. The obtained results showed that the level of the studied groups of bacteria may change due to the change of diet. Additionally, there were significant differences between lambs and mothers in the levels of the studied groups of bacteria. Analysis also shown that in the digestive system of mothers was a smaller disproportion in the level of the studied bacterial phyla than in lambs. The results also indicated the occurrence of differences in the bacterial composition at the individual level, both in ewes and their offspring. Additionally, in the conducted experiment, there were differences in the level of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes groups depending on the sex.
Identification of flux trade-offs in metabolic networks
Authors: Hashemi Seirana , Razaghi-Moghadam Zahra , Nikoloski Zoran 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTrade-offs are inherent to biochemical networks governing diverse cellular functions, from gene expression to metabolism. Yet, trade-offs between fluxes of biochemical reactions in a metabolic network have not been formally studied. Here, we introduce the concept of absolute flux trade-offs and devise a constraint-based approach, termed FluTO, to identify and enumerate flux trade-offs in a given genome-scale metabolic network. By employing the metabolic networks of Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we demonstrate that the flux trade-offs are specific to carbon sources provided but that reactions involved in the cofactor and prosthetic group biosynthesis are present in trade-offs across all carbon sources supporting growth. We also show that absolute flux trade-offs depend on the biomass reaction used to model the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana under different carbon and nitrogen conditions. The identified flux trade-offs reflect the tight coupling between nitrogen, carbon, and sulphur metabolisms in leaves of C3 plants. Altogether, FluTO provides the means to explore the space of alternative metabolic routes reflecting the constraints imposed by inherent flux trade-offs in large-scale metabolic networks.
Spatiotemporal characteristic of Biantun toponymical landscape for the evolution of Biantun culture in Yunnan, China
Authors: Zhao Fei , Cai Jingzhi , Zhang Chen , Luan Guize , Fu Yao , Xie Zhiqiang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe geographical environment of Yunnan Province in China and Han migration during the Ming Dynasty contributed to the development of the Biantun culture. Biantun toponyms (BTT) record the integration process between the Central Plains and native Yunnan cultures. The GIS analysis method of toponyms was used in this study to reproduce the settlement characteristics of BTT and the spatial development of the Biantun culture in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In addition, we have developed a toponymical landscape index to represent the degree of spatial integration between the BTT and ethnic minority toponyms in Yunnan and explore the spatial characteristics of the integration of Han immigrants and local ethnic minorities. The results show that the spatial distribution of the BTT is consistent with the sites selection of the Tuntian (屯田) in Yunnan during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the centroids of BTT spread to outskirts and intermontane area from central towns. In the Dali, Kunming, Qujing and other regions, the distribution characteristics of the integrated of BTT and ethnic minority toponyms reflect a higher degree of Sinicization in the central urban areas. Exploring the evolution of Biantun cultural development through the spatial characteristics of toponymical landscapes can help adjust policies for the development and protection of Biantun cultural resources.
Diagnostic and prognostic role of nitroglycerin-induced dilation in patients with suspected vasospastic angina, combined with ergonovine provocation test
Authors: Kim Minsu , Jang Albert Youngwoo , Oh Pyung Chun , Suh Soon Yong , Lee Kyounghoon , Kang Woong Chol , Ahn Taehoon , Han Seung Hwan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe diagnostic and prognostic role of nitroglycerin-induced dilation (NID) combined with ergonovine provocation test in patients with suspected VSA patients is not clear. A total of 438 consecutive patients who underwent the ergonovine provocation test for the diagnosis of vasospastic angina (VSA) were enrolled. Patients with VSA (n = 52) had a significantly greater coronary response to ergonovine (− 84.3 ± 10.5% vs. − 38.4 ± 17.9%, p < 0.001) and NID (26.3 ± 31.0% vs. 12.5 ± 19.0%, p < 0.001) than non-VSA patients. However, positive NID (more than 13.8% dilation, n = 170) showed a poor accuracy (AUC 0.64 [95% CI: 0.56–0.73], p = 0.001, sensitivity 60.4%, specificity 61.3%) for the diagnosis of VSA by ergonovine provocation test. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) occurred more frequently in the VSA group than in the non-VSA group (9.6% vs. 2.2%, p = 0.006). In addition, the positive NID group showed a lower rate of MACE than the negative NID group (1.2% vs. 4.3%, p = 0.021). Interestingly, the group of VSA with negative NID had poor prognosis than any other combinations (Log-rank, p < 0.0001). Although NID had a limited role in the detection of VSA defined by ergonovine provocation test, NID combined with the ergonovine provocation test has an additive prognostic role in the clinical outcomes in patients with suspected VSA.
Towards organoid culture without Matrigel
Authors: Kozlowski Mark T. , Crook Christiana J. , Ku Hsun Teresa 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOrganoids—cellular aggregates derived from stem or progenitor cells that recapitulate organ function in miniature—are of growing interest in developmental biology and medicine. Organoids have been developed for organs and tissues such as the liver, gut, brain, and pancreas; they are used as organ surrogates to study a wide range of questions in basic and developmental biology, genetic disorders, and therapies. However, many organoids reported to date have been cultured in Matrigel, which is prepared from the secretion of Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm mouse sarcoma cells; Matrigel is complex and poorly defined. This complexity makes it difficult to elucidate Matrigel-specific factors governing organoid development. In this review, we discuss promising Matrigel-free methods for the generation and maintenance of organoids that use decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM), synthetic hydrogels, or gel-forming recombinant proteins.
The continuum of carbon–hydrogen (C–H) activation mechanisms and terminology
Authors: Altus Kristof M. , Love Jennifer A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAs a rapidly growing field across all areas of chemistry, C-H activation/functionalisation is being used to access a wide range of important molecular targets. Of particular interest is the development of a sustainable methodology for alkane functionalisation as a means for reducing hydrocarbon emissions. This Perspective aims to give an outline to the community with respect to commonly used terminology in C-H activation, as well as the mechanisms that are currently understood to operate for (cyclo)alkane activation/functionalisation.
Supporting Communication Between Individuals With Disabilities and First Responders: A Preliminary Case-Based Interview Study
Authors: DePew Savanah C. , Thistle Jennifer J. 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
During a crisis, an individual with a communication disability or difference is at risk of communication breakdowns that could unintentionally escalate the crisis. The goal of this preliminary study was to identify how first responders from various organizations may respond given scenarios presenting potential interactions with an individual with a communication impairment or difference.

Method:
Three adult participants currently serving as first responders completed semistructured interviews. Participants were asked how they would react in different hypothetical scenarios, all incorporating aspects of communication disorders and differences that could be misinterpreted. Data analysis consisted of transcribing the responses to each scenario and identifying the themes.

Results:
Participants across organizations receive general communication and disability training, rely on established procedures, problem-solving, open-mindedness, and use of departmental resources in their interactions.

Conclusions:
This preliminary study illustrates awareness of existing protocols and organizational supports that may support interactions with individuals with communication disorders and differences. Potential areas for additional resources and training include the use of augmentative and alternative communication and disability-specific education.
Mitigation of the mutual dynamic interactions between a direct‐current fast charging station and its host distribution grid
Authors: Mahfouz Mostafa M. , Iravani Reza 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe fast and intermittent power changes in a direct‐current fast charging (DCFC) station impose adverse dynamic impacts on the station's host grid, particularly a weak AC distribution grid. This paper (i) investigates the impacts of the electric vehicle (EV) conventional DCFC station on its host distribution power system, and (ii) shows that the station can be enhanced by a battery energy storage system and an appropriate control strategy to mitigate the mutual dynamic interactions between the station and its host grid. The enhanced DCFC station is based on a variable‐voltage, common DC‐bus architecture which masks the station's internal dynamics, including rapid and intermittent EV charging processes, from the grid. Thus, it can be interfaced to a host grid, regardless of short‐circuit level, X/R ratio, and power capacity. The focus is also on the dynamic immunity of the DCFC facility to potential disturbances in its host weak‐grid. The reported studies are based on detailed time‐domain simulation of two DCFC stations in the PLECS software platform.
Designing a low frequency oscillation stabiliser for wind turbine type‐4 based on the phase compensation method
Authors: Peng Jili , Jia Qi , Zhai Wenchao , Zhang Qiang , Yan Gangui 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA stabiliser is designed based on the phase compensation method to suppress the instability of wind‐turbine type‐4 in the low frequency mode [direct current voltage loop mode and phase‐locked loop mode]. Referring to the second‐order equation of synchronous generator rotor motion, the authors simplify and reconstruct the full‐order linearised model of wind‐turbine type‐4 and establish a current source damping torque model suitable for analysing the stability of the direct current voltage loop and phase‐locked loop. By analysing the damping phase of the direct current voltage loop and phase‐locked loop, introducing a phase compensation loop, and adjusting the phase and amplitude of the damping transfer loop, the authors could effectively enhance the damping of the direct current voltage loop and the phase‐locked loop and suppress the low frequency oscillation of wind‐turbine type‐4. The stabiliser is introduced into the linear model and the time domain simulation model. The effectiveness of the stabilisers is verified by the eigenvalue analysis and time domain simulation results.
Circuit design for clique problem and its implementation on quantum computer
Authors: Sanyal Bhaduri Arpita , Saha Amit , Saha Banani , Chakrabarti Amlan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFinding cliques in a graph has a wide range of applications due to its pattern matching ability. The k‐clique problem, a subset of the clique problem, determines whether or not an arbitrary network has a clique of size k. Modern‐day applications include a variation of the k‐clique problem that lists all cliques of size k. However, the quantum implementation of such a variation of the k‐clique problem has not been addressed yet. In this work, apart from the theoretical solution of such a k‐clique problem, practical quantum‐gate‐based implementation has been addressed using Grover's algorithm. In a classical‐quantum hybrid architecture, this approach is extended to build the circuit for the maximum clique problem. Our technique is generalised since the program automatically builds the circuit for any given undirected and unweighted graph and any chosen k. For a small k with regard to a big graph, the proposed solution to addressing the k‐clique issue has shown a reduction in qubit cost and circuit depth when compared to the state‐of‐the‐art approach. A framework is also presented for mapping the automated generated circuit for clique problems to quantum devices. Using IBM's Qiskit, an analysis of the experimental results is demonstrated.
Editorial
Authors: Swart Enno , Gothe Holger , Ihle Peter 
Published: December 2021

Liebe Kolleginnen und Kollegen, Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,vor Ihnen liegt das erste zusammen mit der Hauptschriftleitung von „Das
Gesundheitswesen“ und dem Thieme-Verlag vereinbarte,
regelmäßig ca. halbjährlich erscheinende AGENS-Supplement zu
Methoden und Ergebnissen der Sekundärdatenanalyse. Alle an der Entstehung
dieses Supplements Beteiligten sehen einen hohen Bedarf für ein derartiges
Publikationsmedium, da im deutschsprachigen Raum trotz zunehmender
wissenschaftlicher Nutzung von Sekundärdaten bislang kein spezifisches
Journal existiert, das Sekundärdaten in ihren vielfältigen
Ausprägungen und spezifischen methodischen Herausforderungen explizit zum
Gegenstand hat. Somit stellt das regelmäßige AGENS-Supplement den
Versuch dar, diese Lücke in der deutschen Fachjournal-Landschaft zu
schließen. Die zahlreichen Projekte des Innovationsfonds des Gemeinsamen
Bundesausschusses sind nur ein Beispiel für ein Nutzungsfeld, aus dem heraus
in den nächsten Jahren viele wissenschaftliche Beiträge für
dieses Supplement entstehen dürften. Hinzu kommt der beginnende Aufbau eines
Forschungsdatenzentrums Gesundheit im Zuge der Novellierung des §303a-f SGB
V und der Datentransparenzverordnung (DaTraV; siehe Beitrag in diesem Heft), der
eine zunehmende Nutzung der GKV-Abrechnungsdaten in den nächsten Jahren
erwarten lässt.
Anatomic Reconstruction of the Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex for the Treatment of Chronic Instability of the Distal Radioulnar Joint. A Systematic Review
Authors: Miranda Ignacio , Lucas Francisco J. , Carratalá Vicente , Ferràs-Tarragó Joan , Miranda Francisco J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Introduction Peripheral injuries of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) can produce pain and instability of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ). There are several techniques for the reconstruction of the TFCC. The aim of the present paper was to summarize the tendon plasties of the DRUJ ligaments for the anatomic reconstruction of TFCC, to analyze the surgical techniques, and to evaluate their outcomes.
Methods In order to perform a systematic review, we searched in the literature the terms DRUJ instability OR chronic distal radioulnar joint instability OR distal radioulnar tendon plasty.
Results In total, 11 articles with level of evidence IV (case series) were retrieved. Most studies achieved good results, with recovery of wrist stability, improvement of the pain, and increase in grip strength in the functionality tests. In the historical evolution of the published series, wrist surgeons tried to perform a more anatomical plasty, with a more stable fixation and less invasive techniques.
Conclusion The Adams procedure continues to be a valid and reproducible technique for the treatment of chronic DRUJ instability. If wrist arthroscopy and implants are available and surgeons have been technically trained, the authors recommend an arthroscopy-assisted technique, or, if possible, an all-arthroscopic TFCC reconstruction with implant fixation of the plasty in its anatomical points of insertion. Comparative studies between open and arthroscopic TFCC reconstruction techniques are needed.
Pulmonary Embolism in Patients with COVID-19: Comparison between Different Care Settings
Authors: Buso Giacomo , Mazzolai Lucia , Rueda-Camino José Antonio , Fernández-Capitán Carmen , Jiménez David , Bikdeli Behnood , Lobo José Luis , Fernández-Reyes José Luis , Ciammaichella Maurizio , Monreal Manuel ,   the RIETE Investigators
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who develop pulmonary embolism (PE) in the full spectrum of patient care settings need to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical characteristics, treatment, and 90-day outcomes in patients diagnosed with PE while recovering from COVID-19 in the outpatient setting versus those who were diagnosed with PE while being hospitalized with COVID-19. Data from the international Registro Informatizado de Enfermedad TromboEmbólica (RIETE) registry were used. The major study outcomes were all-cause death, major bleeding, and venous thromboembolism (VTE) recurrences during the first 90 days after PE. From March 2020 to March 2021, 737 patients with COVID-19 experienced acute PE. Of these, 340 (46%) were recovering from COVID-19 as outpatients (267 patients who had been treated at home for COVID-19 and 73 discharged after being hospitalized with COVID-19). Compared with inpatients with COVID-19, those recovering in the outpatient setting upon PE were less likely to be men (odds ratio [OR]: 0.54; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.40–0.72) and less likely to have hypertension (OR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.41–0.74) or diabetes (OR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.33–0.76). At 90-day follow-up, eight patients (none recovering from COVID-19 as outpatient vs. 2.4% of inpatients with COVID-19) developed recurrent VTE, 34 (1.9 vs. 7.9%) had major bleeding, and 128 (10 vs. 24%) died. On multivariable analysis, inpatients with COVID-19 were at a higher risk of major bleeding (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 6.80; 95% CI: 1.52–30.4) or death (adjusted HR: 2.24; 95% CI: 1.40–3.58). In conclusion, using a large multinational registry of patients with COVID-19 who experienced PE, thromboembolic episodes occurring in those recovering from COVID-19 as outpatients were associated with less ominous outcomes than inpatients with COVID-19.
Thermo-electro-mechanical synergistic effect on the actuation performance of piezoelectric stack
Authors: Li Yang , Xiang Xinjian , Fei Zhengshun , Huang Bingqiang , Zheng Yongping , Zhang Senlin , Shen Xing 
Published: December 2021

In a low-temperature environment, the actuation performance of the piezoelectric stack results from the synergic action of the thermo-electro-mechanical field; the actuation performance is influenced by the change in temperature, compressive preload, and excitation voltage. A special and novel instrumentation system is proposed and developed in this study to measure the relationship between the actuation performance of the piezoelectric stack and the change in temperature, preload, and voltage. The bending strain of the cantilever beam driven by the piezoelectric stack reflects its actuation performance, and the corresponding theoretical model is established to optimize the experimental conditions and maximize the strain and signal-to-noise ratio. Based on the experimental results, it can be seen that the actuation performance of the piezoelectric stack increases linearly with the excitation voltage under different temperatures and preload conditions. The static actuation performance increased by 79%–90% when the prestress increased from 0 to 6 MPa, corresponding to a decrease of 15%–30% when the temperature decreased from 20 to −70 °C, and the dynamic actuation performance decreased with an increase in the frequency of the excitation voltage. Consequently, the design methods and ideas are informative to develop an instrumentation system that can measure the influence of thermo-electro-mechanical synergistic effects on the actuation performance of piezoelectric stacks under different temperatures, preloads, and voltages.