bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Worldwide outcomes of nasal transposition of the split lateral rectus muscle for strabismus associated with 3rd-nerve palsy
Authors: Shah Ankoor S , Dodd Mary-Magdalene Ugo , Gokyigit Birsen , Lorenz Birgit , Laurent Erick , Sadiq Mohammad Ali Ayaz , Tsai Chong-Bin , Gravier Nicolas , Goberville Mitra , Basiakos Sotirios , Zurakowski David , Dagi Linda R 
Published: December 2021

Background/aimsTo determine success rate and complications associated with nasal transposition of the split lateral rectus muscle (NTSLR) for treating strabismus from 3rd-nerve palsy.MethodsAn international, multicentre, registry of patients with unilateral 3rd-nerve palsy treated with NTSLR was created. Patients with concurrent surgery on the contralateral eye were excluded. Primary outcome was horizontal alignment within 15 prism dioptres (PD) of orthotropia. Incidence of technical difficulties and vision-threatening complications by 6 months post-procedure were reported.ResultsNinety-eight patients met inclusion criteria. Median age was 33.5 years (IQR 10.75–46). Aetiologies included congenital (31%), neoplastic (16%) and traumatic (15%). Twenty-five per cent of patients had prior ipsilateral strabismus surgery. Median exotropia decreased from 70PD preoperatively (IQR 50–90) to 1PD postoperatively (IQR 0–15.5), with a success rate of 69%. Performing concurrent superior oblique muscle tenotomy (SOT) was independently associated with success (p=0.001). Technical challenges occurred in 30% of cases, independently associated with a history of ipsilateral strabismus surgery (p=0.01). Eleven per cent of patients had vision-threatening complications, independently associated with more posterior placement of the split lateral rectus (LR) muscle (p<0.001), and most commonly transient serous choroidal effusion. Surgical placement of the split LR muscle within 4.25 mm of the medial rectus (MR) muscle insertionreducedthis risk.ConclusionNTSLR significantly improved primary position alignment altered by 3rd-nerve palsy. Concurrent SOT and placement of the split LR muscle ≤4.25 mm posterior to the MR muscle insertion optimised outcomes. NTSLR proved technically challenging when prior ipsilateral strabismus surgery had been performed.
Venous tortuosity as a novel biomarker of rupture risk in arteriovenous malformations: ARI score
Authors: Mosteiro Alejandra , Pedrosa Leire , Torne Ramón , Rodríguez-Hernández Ana , Amaro Sergi , Reyes Luis A , Hoyos Jhon A , San Roman Luis , de Riva Nicolás , Domínguez Carlos J , Enseñat Joaquim 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundRisk of rupture in arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) varies considerably among series. Hemodynamic factors, especially within the venous side of the circuit, seem to be responsible but are not yet well defined. We analyzed tortuosity in the draining vein as a potential new marker of rupture in AVMs, and propose a simple index to predict AVM bleeding.MethodsA retrospective analysis of the venous angioarchitecture of brain AVMs was carried out at our center from 2013 to 2021, with special attention to venous tortuosity. After univariate analysis, the features of interest were combined to construct several predictive models using multivariate logistic regression. The best model proposed was the new AVM rupture index (ARI), which was then validated in an independent cohort.Results68 AVMs were included in the first step and 32 in the validation cohort. Venous tortuosity, expressed as at least one curve >180°, was a significant predictor of rupture (p=0.023). The proposed bleeding index consisted of: venous tortuosity (any curve of >180°), single draining vein, and paraventricular/infratentorial location. It seems to be a robust evaluation tool, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve of 0.806 (95% CI 0.714 to 0.899), consistently replicated in the independent sample (AUROC 0.759 (95% CI 0.607 to 0.911)), and with an inter-rater kappa coefficient of 0.81 .ConclusionsVenous tortuosity may serve as a predictor of bleeding in AVMs that warrants further investigation. This likely new marker was one of the three elements of the proposed ARI. ARI outperformed the predictive accuracy of previous scores, and remained consistent in an independent cohort.
Coal mine dust lung disease in miners killed in the Upper Big Branch disaster: a review of lung pathology and contemporary respirable dust levels in underground US coal mines
Authors: Go Leonard H T , Green Francis H Y , Abraham Jerrold L , Churg Andrew , Petsonk Edward L , Cohen Robert A 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesIn 2010, 29 coal miners died due to an explosion at the Upper Big Branch (UBB) mine in West Virginia, USA. Autopsy examinations of 24 individuals with evaluable lung tissue identified 17 considered to have coal workers’ pneumoconiosis (CWP). The objectives of this study were to characterise histopathological findings of lung tissue from a sample of UBB fatalities and better understand the respirable dust concentrations experienced by these miners at UBB relative to other US coal mines.MethodsOccupational pulmonary pathologists evaluated lung tissue specimens from UBB fatalities for the presence of features of pneumoconiosis. Respirable dust and quartz samples submitted for regulatory compliance from all US underground coal mines prior to the disaster were analysed.ResultsFamilies of seven UBB fatalities provided consent for the study. Histopathologic evidence of CWP was found in all seven cases. For the USA, central Appalachia and UBB, compliance dust samples showed the geometric mean for respirable dust was 0.468, 0.420 and 0.518 mg/m3, respectively, and respirable quartz concentrations were 0.030, 0.038 and 0.061 mg/m3. After adjusting for quartz concentrations, UBB exceeded the US permissible exposure limit (PEL) for respirable dust in 28% of samples.ConclusionsAlthough higher than average respirable dust and quartz levels were observed at UBB, over 200 US underground coal mines had higher dust concentrations than UBB and over 100 exceeded the PEL more frequently. Together with lung histopathological findings among UBB fatalities, these data suggest exposures leading to CWP in the USA are more prevalent than previously understood.
Cohort study of the APACHE II score and mortality for different types of intensive care unit patients
Authors: Sungono Veli , Hariyanto Hori , Soesilo Tri Edhi Budhi , Adisasmita Asri C , Syarif Syahrizal , Lukito Antonia Anna , Widysanto Allen , Puspitasari Vivien , Tampubolon Oloan Eduard , Sutrisna Bambang , Sudaryo Mondastri Korib 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesFind the discriminant and calibration of APACHE II (Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation) score to predict mortality for different type of intensive care unit (ICU) patients.MethodsThis is a cohort retrospective study using secondary data of ICU patients admitted to Siloam Hospital of Lippo Village from 2014 to 2018 with minimum age ≥17 years. The analysis uses the receiver operating characteristic curve, student t-test and logistic regression to find significant variables needed to predict mortality.ResultsA total of 2181 ICU patients: men (55.52%) and women (44.48%) with an average age of 53.8 years old and length of stay 3.92 days were included in this study. Patients were admitted from medical emergency (30.5%), neurosurgical (52.1%) and surgical (17.4%) departments, with 10% of mortality proportion. Patients admitted from the medical emergency had the highest average APACHE score, 23.14±8.5, compared with patients admitted from neurosurgery 15.3±6.6 and surgical 15.8±6.8. The mortality rate of patients from medical emergency (24.5%) was higher than patients from neurosurgery (3.5%) or surgical (5.3%) departments. Area under curve of APACHE II score showed 0.8536 (95% CI 0.827 to 0.879). The goodness of fit Hosmer-Lemeshow show p=0.000 with all ICU patients’ mortality; p=0.641 with medical emergency, p=0.0001 with neurosurgical and p=0.000 with surgical patients.ConclusionAPACHE II has a good discriminant for predicting mortality among ICU patients in Siloam Hospital but poor calibration score. However, it demonstrates poor calibration in neurosurgical and surgical patients while demonstrating adequate calibration in medical emergency patients.
Multicenter study evaluating factors associated with treatment outcome for low back pain injections
Authors: Cohen Steven P , Doshi Tina L , Kurihara Connie , Reece David , Dolomisiewicz Edward , Phillips Christopher R , Dawson Timothy , Jamison David , Young Ryan , Pasquina Paul F 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundThere has been a worldwide surge in interventional procedures for low back pain (LBP), with studies yielding mixed results. These data support the need for identifying outcome predictors based on unique characteristics in a pragmatic setting.MethodsWe prospectively evaluated the association between over two dozen demographic, clinical and technical factors on treatment outcomes for three procedures: epidural steroid injections (ESIs) for sciatica, and sacroiliac joint (SIJ) injections and facet interventions for axial LBP. The primary outcome was change in patient-reported average pain intensity on a numerical rating scale (average NRS-PI) using linear regression. For SIJ injections and facet radiofrequency ablation, this was average LBP score at 1 and 3 months postprocedure, respectively. For ESI, it was average leg pain 1- month postinjection. Secondary outcomes included a binary indicator of treatment response (success).Results346 patients were enrolled at seven hospitals. All groups experienced a decrease in average NRS-PI (p<0.0001; mean 1.8±2.6). There were no differences in change in average NRS-PI among procedural groups (p=0.50). Lower baseline pain score (adjusted coefficient −0.32, 95% CI −0.48 to −0.16, p<0.0001), depressive symptomatology (adjusted coefficient 0.076, 95% CI 0.039 to 0.113, p<0.0001) and obesity (adjusted coefficient 0.62, 95% CI 0.038 to 1.21, p=0.037) were associated with smaller pain reductions. For procedural outcome, depression (adjusted OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.91, 0.97, p<0.0001) and poorer baseline function (adjusted OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.36, 0.96, p=0.034) were associated with failure. Smoking, sleep dysfunction and non-organic signs were associated with negative outcomes in univariate but not multivariate analyses.ConclusionsIdentifying treatment responders is a critical endeavor for the viability of procedures in LBP. Patients with greater disease burden, depression and obesity are more likely to fail interventions. Steps to address these should be considered before or concurrent with procedures as considerations dictate.Trial registration numberNCT02329951.
Effects of different planting configurations and clones on biomass and carbon storage of a 12-year-old poplar ecosystem in southern China
Authors: Qian Zhuangzhuang , Ge Xiaomin , Bai Yunxia , Tian Ye , Zhuang Shunyao , Fang Shengzuo , Tang Luozhong 
Published: December 2021

The main objective of this study was to compare the effects of two densities (278 stems·ha−1 with two spacings of 6 m × 6 m or 4.5 m × 8 m, 400 stems·ha−1 with two spacings of 5 m × 5 m or 3 m × 8 m) and three poplar clones (NL95, NL895, and NL797) on productivity and carbon (C) sequestration of poplar ecosystems. The results showed that planting density significantly affected the biomass of a single tree. The mean tree biomass of clone NL95 was higher in all spacings than that of the other clones, with a significant difference for the 6 m × 6 m spacing. The biomass of poplar trees ranged from 78.9 to 110.3 Mg·ha−1, with the highest tree biomass observed in the square configuration. Soil C concentration (0–100 cm) increased after 12 years of management. Soil C storage ranged from 138.1 to 164.3 Mg C·ha−1, and the highest soil C storage was in the NL797 poplar plantation with 6 m × 6 m spacing. Our results suggested that clones NL95 and NL797 should be chosen for planting, with a planting density of 278 stems·ha−1 and spacing of 6 m × 6 m.
Introduction
Authors: Ditchfield Simon 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
After a discussion of the twentieth anniversary issue, the author of the book which is the subject of our “round table” review of this twenty-fifth anniversary issue: Merry Wiesner Hanks’ What is Early Modern History (2021) is introduced. This is followed by a brief account of the rationale behind the foundation of the JEMH in the 1990s and how, from the very first issue, the journal has tried to decolonize our understanding of the period 1300–1800, as exemplified by Antony Black’s warning that: “we should stop selling off second-hand concepts to unsuspecting non-European cultures.” Passing comment is made on the chronological (as well as geographical) breadth of the coverage of the JEMH which accords well with the recent merger of the Centers for Medieval and Early Modern History at the University of Minnesota (to form the Center for Premodern Studies). At a time when the advocacy of the study of pre-modern history is vital as never before, this situates the JEMH very well. The introduction closes with a series of acknowledgements and thanks not only directed to the editorial team both in Minnesota and Leiden for the support they have given me, as editor-in-chief, since July 2010, but also to the numerous authors and readers of manuscripts who have made the journal what it is today.
Economic and Social History
Authors: Riello Giorgio 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The last quarter of a century has been one of great changes for the field of early modern economic history. My argument is that, in this period, early modern economic history has shown a remarkably innovative spirit. However, this is most apparent not at the core of the discipline, but in how economic history has interacted with other branches of early modern history, be they social, cultural, environmental, or material. This argument is supported by the analysis of quantitative evidence. I then move on to consider two important developments in early modern economic history since the late 1990s: global economic history and the history of consumption and trade. This article concludes with a reflection on recent developments in the so-called New History of Capitalism (NHC) and on studies of pre-modern inequality, sustainability, and the environment.
Religious, Intellectual, and Cultural History
Authors: Vélez Karin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Inspired by Merry Wiesner-Hanks’ What is Early Modern History? chapter on religious, intellectual, and cultural history, this reflection considers the current state of these three subfields. It advocates for early modern historians to expand their bounding of religion beyond Christianity and Europe. It is also a call to extend the list of agents credited with the production of science, Enlightenment, and “culture.”
Medieval juristic regulae: unity or disunity?
Authors: Kotlyar Ilya A. 
Published: December 2021

Summary
This article is dedicated to the regulae iuris in general, and their role in medieval jurisprudence in particular. After providing a survey of the state-of-the-art literature on regulae and discussions surrounding them, the article provides arguments in support of the thesis that the use of existing regulae and the creation of new ones were an integral part of the method of medieval jurisprudence, itself part of the general medieval dialectical method of reasoning. The article also discloses the parameters and interesting preliminary results of an ongoing research project on regulae iuris in the University of Ghent.
“Where to Publish?” Avoiding Mediocrity for Academic Staff Promotion at the University of Dar es Salaam
Authors: Makulilo Alexander 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Does “where to publish” affect academic staff promotion outcome? Using rational choice theory and the University of Dar es Salaam as case study, this article analyses the law and practice associated with academic staff promotion regarding “where to publish”. The article finds that the University has relatively well elaborate and adequate promotion guidelines and institutional frameworks to guide on “where to publish” in line with its vision of becoming a world-class university. Nonetheless, through series of workshops with staff and heads of department as well as interviews with the University management, it was observed that there is still little understanding of “where to publish” among staff although the situation is progressively changing. Some staff prefer predatory journals due to ignorance, frequent failures and lack of confidence to publish in credible journals. Consequently, the annual promotion rate remains low suggesting high rejection of publications by the University due to predatory nature of media of publication and failure by majority staff to publish.
Attitudes Towards Assisted Dying in Dementia: A Focus Group Study with Younger and Older Adults
Authors: Thompson Freya , Nelson Alexandra R. , Coats Rachel O. , Johnson Judith 
Published: December 2021

Objectives: To explore attitudes towards assisted dying in dementia (ADID) and the rationales underlying these attitudes, among younger and older adults. Method: We conducted separate focus groups with younger ( n = 11) and older adults ( n = 14) in the United Kingdom with personal or professional experience of dementia. Discussions were prompted by two vignettes depicting scenarios of ADID. The data were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Though sometimes stronger in the older adults, many of the attitudes and underlying rationales were common across the age groups. Analysis generated four themes: ‘Perceptions of the disease’, ‘A case for empowerment’, ‘The morality of killing’ and ‘Logistical complexities’. Conclusions: For some, ADID was a hopeful alternative to the challenges they had witnessed in dementia. For others, the logistical problems surrounding ADID were insurmountable. Discussions were informed and insightful, highlighting the importance of including the general public in this ongoing debate.
Refractory cytokine release reaction to Nivolumab: Following desensitization algorithms to optimize the management of drug hypersensitivity
Authors: Sánchez Togneri Laura , Duran Ignacio , Rodríguez Fernández Fernando , de las Vecillas Leticia 
Published: December 2021

Introduction Nivolumab is a fully human IgG4 monoclonal antibody (moAb) against programmed cell death protein 1, approved for the treatment of over ten types of cancer. The use of this and other moAbs has augmented considerably in recent years and this in turn has caused an increase of hypersensitivity reactions (HSR). Case report We present the case of a patient with metastatic renal cell cancer (RCC) who developed a grade 3 cytokine release reaction (CRR) to nivolumab. The maintenance of the symptoms despite of the administration of symptomatic treatment and slowing down the infusion rate of nivolumab during the 1st and 2nd reaction required an allergy evaluation of our patient. Management and outcome Skin testing to Nivolumab with negative results and baseline tryptase within the normal range were observed during the allergy workout. A desensitization protocol with specific premedication was applied to reintroduce the moAb, with no further issues. Moreover, a follow up of the patient in the oncology setting was done showing disease stabilization. Discussion The CRR should be treated by desensitization, in contrast to infusion reactions. The diagnosis of CRR phenotype is based on the clinical presentation and recently, and elevation of IL-6 levels has been shown to be a useful biomarker along with negative skin testing. We can conclude that after a HSR and an appropriate allergy diagnosis of CRR, nivolumab can be safely reintroduced by desensitization without reducing the target dose or the appropriate dilution concentration.
COVID-19–Related Stigma and Mental Health of Children and Adolescents During Pandemic
Authors: Ozbaran Burcu , Turer Furkan , Yilancioglu Hazal Y. , Kose Sezen , Senturk Pilan Birsen , Guzel Ozge , Baskol Dilsah , Polat Furkan , Bildik Tezan , Sertoz Saziye R. , Arda Bilgin , Ozhan Mustafa H. 
Published: December 2021

This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate depression and anxiety symptoms of the children/grandchildren of COVID-19 patients, children/grandchildren of healthcare workers who have not infected COVID-19, and children/grandchildren of the control group. Parent and children’s perception about COVID-19–related stigma is also investigated and compared between groups. The perception about COVID-19–related stigma between different age and gender groups among children also investigated and compared. The mental health of the 71 participants aged 6–18 years was evaluated via a telemedicine-based semi-structured interview between March and April 2020. Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI), the Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED), and COVID-19–Related Stigma Form were administered to the participants. A significant negative correlation was found between age and separation anxiety disorder ( p = .005) and a significant positive correlation was found between age and generalized anxiety disorder ( p = .035) in the SCARED-Child report. Generalized anxiety disorder was found to be higher in females compared to males. A significant difference was found between the groups of parents in the COVID-19–Related Stigma Form. Patients infected with COVID-19, healthcare workers, and the control group have different perceptions about COVID-19–related stigma. The age of the children have an impact on stigma perceptions. Anxiety symptoms of children affected by age and gender. Future studies are recommended to determine the other factors associated with perceptions about COVID-19–related stigma among children and parents.
Bilingual speech in Jaru–Kriol conversations: Codeswitching, codemixing, and grammatical fusion
Authors: Dahmen Josua 
Published: December 2021

Aims and objectives: Language contact in the Yaruman community of Western Australia has led to prevalent bilingual practices between the endangered language Jaru and the creole language Kriol. This study examines ordinary conversations in the community and investigates whether the observable bilingual practices are interactionally relevant, and whether codemixing has led to the emergence of a conventionalised mixed language. Approach: The research is based on a qualitative analysis of bilingual speech in natural conversation. The approach combines the methodological framework of interactional linguistics with an analysis of the grammatical structures of conversational data. Data and analysis: The analysed data consist of two hours and thirty minutes of transcribed video recordings, comprising 13 casual multi-party conversations involving all generations in the Yaruman community. The recordings were made using lapel microphones and two high-definition cameras. Findings: Bilingual Jaru–Kriol speakers use codeswitching as an interactional resource for a range of conversational activities. In many cases, however, speakers’ code choices are not interactionally relevant. Instead, codemixing is often oriented to as a normative way of speaking and participants exploit their full linguistic repertoire by relatively freely combining elements from both languages. There are also signs of morphological fusion in the mixed speech of younger Jaru speakers, who more frequently combine Kriol verb structure and Jaru nominal morphology. However, this morphological split is not fully conventionalised and variation is still substantial. Originality: The bilingual speech continuum is supported by the analysis of conversational data in a situation of language shift. This article shows that fusion involving core grammatical categories can occur among a subgroup of speakers without developing into a community-wide mixed language. Significance: The study contributes to a better understanding of community bilingualism and bilingual practices in a situation of language shift. It demonstrates how codeswitching, codemixing, and grammatical fusion can co-exist in a bilingual community.