bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The MALINA oceanographic expedition: how do changes in ice cover, permafrost and UV radiation impact biodiversity and biogeochemical fluxes in the Arctic Ocean?
Authors: Massicotte Philippe , Amon Rainer M. W. , Antoine David , Archambault Philippe , Balzano Sergio , Bélanger Simon , Benner Ronald , Boeuf Dominique , Bricaud Annick , Bruyant Flavienne , Chaillou Gwenaëlle , Chami Malik , Charrière Bruno , Chen Jing , Claustre Hervé , Coupel Pierre , Delsaut Nicole , Doxaran David , Ehn Jens , Fichot Cédric , Forget Marie-Hélène , Fu Pingqing , Gagnon Jonathan , Garcia Nicole , Gasser Beat , Ghiglione Jean-François , Gorsky Gaby , Gosselin Michel , Gourvil Priscillia , Gratton Yves , Guillot Pascal , Heipieper Hermann J. , Heussner Serge , Hooker Stanford B. , Huot Yannick , Jeanthon Christian , Jeffrey Wade , Joux Fabien , Kawamura Kimitaka , Lansard Bruno , Leymarie Edouard , Link Heike , Lovejoy Connie , Marec Claudie , Marie Dominique , Martin Johannie , Martín Jacobo , Massé Guillaume , Matsuoka Atsushi , McKague Vanessa , Mignot Alexandre , Miller William L. , Miquel Juan-Carlos , Mucci Alfonso , Ono Kaori , Ortega-Retuerta Eva , Panagiotopoulos Christos , Papakyriakou Tim , Picheral Marc , Prieur Louis , Raimbault Patrick , Ras Joséphine , Reynolds Rick A. , Rochon André , Rontani Jean-François , Schmechtig Catherine , Schmidt Sabine , Sempéré Richard , Shen Yuan , Song Guisheng , Stramski Dariusz , Tachibana Eri , Thirouard Alexandre , Tolosa Imma , Tremblay Jean-Éric , Vaïtilingom Mickael , Vaulot Daniel , Vaultier Frédéric , Volkman John K. , Xie Huixiang , Zheng Guangming , Babin Marcel 
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The MALINA oceanographic campaign was conducted during summer 2009 to investigate the carbon stocks and the processes controlling the carbon fluxes in the Mackenzie River estuary and the Beaufort Sea. During the campaign, an extensive suite of physical, chemical and biological variables were measured across seven shelf–basin transects (south–north) to capture the meridional gradient between the estuary and the open ocean. Key variables such as temperature, absolute salinity, radiance, irradiance, nutrient concentrations, chlorophyll a concentration, bacteria, phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance and taxonomy, and carbon stocks and fluxes were routinely measured onboard the Canadian research icebreaker CCGS Amundsen and from a barge in shallow coastal areas or for sampling within broken ice fields. Here, we present the results of a joint effort to compile and standardize the collected data sets that will facilitate their reuse in further studies of the changing Arctic Ocean. The data set is available at https://doi.org/10.17882/75345 (Massicotte et al., 2020).
PERCEPTION OF CORONAVIRUS AS AN EXISTENTIAL THREAT AND CONFORMANCE WITH SOCIAL DISTANCE PROTOCOL
Authors: Labe R. M. , Otene A. S. , Inunduh P. M. , Akume G. T. 
Published: April 2021

The study assesses perception of coronavirus as an existential and conformance to social distance among citizens in Benue state. A total of 343 participants comprised of 187(54.5%) males and 157(45.8%) females. Participants responded to a self-developed questionnaire which has a Cronbach alpha coefficient was.76. The study was a correlational research design. Results, shows there is a significant positive correlation between conformists’ perception of coronavirus as an existential threat and conformance to social distance, r (343) = .559, p< .0.01 for hypothesis one. There was a negative correlation between oppositional group perceptions of coronavirus as an existential threat and conformance to social distance, r (343) = -.175, p< .0.01 for hypothesis two. Hypothesis three shows there is a significant difference in the perception of coronavirus as an existential threat and conformance to social distance between conformists score (M=12.7360, SD=2.39721) and oppositional score (M=16.0242, = 3.03586), t (341) = -7.012, p< .05). A significant difference was also observed in the perception of coronavirus as an existential threat and conformance to social distance between the male scores of (M=14.3520, SD=4.47642) and female scores of (M=14.5137, SD= 4.84979), t (323) = -3.312, p< .05). Findings from this study show that, coronavirus is an existential threat to human life. Nevertheless, people differed in their attitude to conformance to social distance protocol. The peoples’ view of coronavirus and response to social distance should help to deepen government and health managers understanding to strengthen health policy and measures on disease control in future outbreaks.
Comparative evaluation of performance and usability of small-scale household composting with different geometric models
Authors: Glicerio Dazzi Juliana , Daré Zampirolli Pires Poliana , Nicolau Korres Adriana Márcia , Risso Günther Wanda Maria , Servare Dadalto Fernando , Bringhenti Jacqueline Rogéria 
Published: April 2021

The evaluation of layout influence on the operational performance and usability of small-scale composters contributes to produce compact solutions with simplified operation and sanitary safety, suitable for reduced spaces and continued use. This study aims to report the influence of different designs on the composting process and the usability of compost bins. Five composters of similar scale (3 liters) and different geometric shapes were designed, manufactured, and tested. Bench tests were carried out for 60 days, and physical, chemical, and sanitary parameters were monitored, as well as the quality of the compost, according to agronomic parameters. The composters were filled with the same proportions of organic residues (food residues, dry leaves, and lawn trimming) to obtain the ideal C:N ratio. Three geometrical layouts were tested concerning usability (hexagonal prism, cube, and parallelepiped) by volunteers for 50 days. The performed tests associated with the statistical treatment of results showed that the geometry of the prototypes interfered with the quality of the final compost and the composter operation. The hexagonal prism and the cube showed greater usability. The results represent a significant contribution to the advancement of solutions in decentralized composting.
Environmental health indicator for the evaluation of neighborhoods in urban areas: a case study in Caruaru (PE), Brazil
Authors: Duarte Armando Dias , Bezerra Saulo de Tarso Marques , Gonçalves Elizabeth Amaral Pastich 
Published: April 2021

The environment, over the years, has been subjected to strong negative impacts caused by economic policies that have promoted an uncontrolled growth of urbanization in the cities and abusive exploration of the natural resources. In this context, developing socio-environmental indicators to subsidize the formulation of municipal public policies which consider, specifically, the environmental (in)salubrity of each neighborhood or locality of municipalities is imperative. The present paper presents the construction and application of an environmental health indicator for residential neighborhoods in two localities of Caruaru City, Pernambuco State. The data adopted in research were obtained from databases of City Hall institutions, from interviews with the population of the localities and water quality analyses. The results indicated that the neighborhoods analyzed presented characteristics of medium health; water supply, the disposal of solid waste, and socioeconomic aspects require attention and priority of public policies. In conclusion, the proposed indicator can be an instrument to assist in urban planning and environmental management of Brazilian municipalities, because it can guide the performance of public managers and the civil society to identify priority actions for improving the infrastructure of the most unhealthy neighborhoods.
Bioinformatics analysis for the identification of differentially expressed genes and related signaling pathways in H. pylori-CagA transfected gastric cancer cells
Authors: Chen Dingyu , Li Chao , Zhao Yan , Zhou Jianjiang , Wang Qinrong , Xie Yuan 
Published: April 2021

Aim
Helicobacter pylori cytotoxin-associated protein A (CagA) is an important virulence factor known to induce gastric cancer development. However, the cause and the underlying molecular events of CagA induction remain unclear. Here, we applied integrated bioinformatics to identify the key genes involved in the process of CagA-induced gastric epithelial cell inflammation and can ceration to comprehend the potential molecular mechanisms involved.

Materials and Methods
AGS cells were transected with pcDNA3.1 and pcDNA3.1::CagA for 24 h. The transfected cells were subjected to transcriptome sequencing to obtain the expressed genes. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) with adjusted P value < 0.05, — logFC —> 2 were screened, and the R package was applied for gene ontology (GO) enrichment and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. The differential gene protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the STRING Cytoscape application, which conducted visual analysis to create the key function networks and identify the key genes. Next, the Kaplan–Meier plotter survival analysis tool was employed to analyze the survival of the key genes derived from the PPI network. Further analysis of the key gene expressions in gastric cancer and normal tissues were performed based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and RT-qPCR verification.

Results
After transfection of AGS cells, the cell morphology changes in a hummingbird shape and causes the level of CagA phosphorylation to increase. Transcriptomics identified 6882 DEG, of which 4052 were upregulated and 2830 were downregulated, among which q-value < 0.05, FC > 2, and FC under the condition of ≤2. Accordingly, 1062 DEG were screened, of which 594 were upregulated and 468 were downregulated. The DEG participated in a total of 151 biological processes, 56 cell components, and 40 molecular functions. The KEGG pathway analysis revealed that the DEG were involved in 21 pathways. The PPI network analysis revealed three highly interconnected clusters. In addition, 30 DEG with the highest degree were analyzed in the TCGA database. As a result, 12 DEG were found to be highly expressed in gastric cancer, while seven DEG were related to the poor prognosis of gastric cancer. RT-qPCR verification results showed that Helicobacter pylori CagA caused up-regulation of BPTF, caspase3, CDH1, CTNNB1, and POLR2A expression.

Conclusion
The current comprehensive analysis provides new insights for exploring the effect of CagA in human gastric cancer, which could help us understand the molecular mechanism underlying the occurrence and development of gastric cancer caused by Helicobacter pylori.
Residual Effect of Cow Dung Fertilizer to Corn (Zea mays L.) Growth and Yield in Planting Period II in Marginal Land
Authors: Hasid Rachmawati , Bahrun Andi , Arma Makmur Jaya 
Published: April 2021

Aims: The research aimed to study the potential of cow dung fertilizer residue in increasing the growth and yield of corn plant in planting period II on marginal dry land.
Study Design: Singel factor design in Randomized block design.
Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted in Field Laboratory of the Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Halu Oleo, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. The study was conducted for four months.
Methodology: Single factor design in Randomized block design was used in the research. consists of 6 treatment levels of cow manure residue that have been applied in the previous planting period (planting period I), namely: without cow manure (R0), using cow manure 2.5 t ha-1 (R1), 5 t ha-1 (R2), 7.5 t ha-1 (R3), 10 t ha-1 (R4) and 12.5 t ha-1 (R5). Each treatment was placed in three groups so that there were 18 experimental units. The data was analyzed using analysis of variance and continued by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) 95% confidence level.
Results: The results showed that the vegetative growth of corn plant 30 day after planting (dap) and plant yield was affected by residual effect of cow dung that applicated in the planting periode I, thus with P uptake by plant and available P in planting medium.
Conclusion: Plant productivity during planting period II more increased with the higher dose of cow manure applied during planting period I. The highest plant productivity (3.88 t ha-1) in planting period II was obtained by application of cow dung 12.5 t ha-1 during planting period I. While in the planting medium without cow dung, no seeds formation was found in plants.
Evaluation of Pollution Load: Heavy Metal Contents and Physiochemical Properties of the Great Kwa River, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Ekpo Paul Bassey , Umoyen Anthony John , Akpan Nseobong Godwin , Ekpo Inyang Paul , Abu Gabriel , Sunday Cecilia James 
Published: April 2021

Background and Objectives: Human activities can increase the amount of pollutants in the environment leading to water pollution. The contamination of surface water and sediments by heavy metals can result in adverse health conditions of humans, due to the bioaccumulation of metals. This study seeks to assess the pollution load of some heavy metals and physiochemical properties in Great Kwa River.
Methods: Water samples were collected once a month from three stations within four selected months in wet and dry seasons. Samples were preserved by adding 10 ml of 6 N Nitric acid and stored at 5oC. Laboratory investigations were conducted and data analyzed statistically.
Findings: The mean pH, dissolved O2, biological O2 demand, conductivity, NO3, NH4 and temperature were 7.44±1.24, 5.58±0.92, 0.957±0.002, 32.84±2.941, 0.1030±0.1701, 0.113±0.018 and 28.2±1.48, respectively during wet season. Mean concentration of Cu, Fe, Cr, Mn, Zn, Ni are 0.225±0.003, 0.489±0.009, 0.068±0.016, 0.102±0.006, 0.794±0.003, 0.031±0.001, respectively during the wet season. Mean concentration of metals in the river during the wet season were ranked in descending order as Zn > Fe > Cu > Mn > Cr > Ni. Iron (0.489±0.009 mg/l and 0.438±0.003 mg/l), chromium (0.068±0.016 mg/l and 0.055±0.008 mg/l), nickel (0.031±0.001 mg/l and 0.025±0.002 mg/l) were higher than Nigerian standard for drinking water in both seasons. The contamination factor of heavy metals in station 3 were 2.14, 1.56, 1.09, 0.89 for Fe, Cr, Ni, Zn, respectively, indicating moderate contamination. The pollution load index in stations 1, 2, 3 were 0.262, 0.537, 0.981, respectively.
Conclusion: The present study provided base-line information on the pollution levels and physiochemical properties of the river. The river was not highly polluted by heavy metals except iron, chromium and nickel that were found above the recommended standards. However, drinking of water from the river over one’s lifetime is not advisable due to detrimental health hazards.
Efficiency and Response to Phosphorus Use of Corn Cultivars in the Tropical Climate
Authors: Santos Weder Ferreira dos , Maciel Lucas Carneiro , Junior Osvaldo José Ferreira , Rocha Gabriel Mesquita da , Peluzio Joênes Mucci , Sodré Layanni Ferreira , Faria Lucas Alves de , Barbosa Adriano Silveira , Silva Diogo Claudio da 
Published: April 2021

Aims: The present study evaluated the efficiency and response to phosphorus (P) use of corn cultivars in the tropical climate in southern Para State, Brazil.
Study Design: Two experiments were carried out, in low P (50 kg ha-1) and high P (200 kg ha-1) applications in Randomized block design (RBD), three replicates, and fourteen cultivars were used for the experiment.
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was carried out in the 2019-20 harvest at Sitio Vitoria (8º18'32" S, 50º36'58" W), located in the municipality of Santa Maria das Barreiras, a southern region of Para state, Brazil.
Methodology: Phosphate fertilization was used in the sowing groove. In low P, 50 kg ha-1 of P2O5 were applied, and in high P were 200 kg ha-1 of P2O5. The source was simple superphosphate (18% P2O5). The dose in high P was defined to achieve high yields and considering the nutrient content in the soil, in low P the dose was well below. Nitrogen and potassium fertilization in cover were divided: 50% in V4 and 50% in V8. Doses of 150 kg ha-1 of N and 90 kg ha-1 of K2O were used, and fertilizers were used: urea (43% N) and potassium chloride (60% K2O).
Results: The highest means were: 8,710 kg ha-1 efficiency and 29.78 kg kg-1 response. The efficient cultivars were: ORION, BR 2022, CR 120, AL BANDEIRANTE, M 274, BRS 3046, and AG 8088. And those considered responsive were: BM 3061, BR206, CATIVERDE 02, BR 205, ANHEMBI, BR 2022, and BRS 3046.
Conclusion: The cultivar BR 2022 and BRS3046 showed high efficiency and also a response to phosphorus use.
Assessment of Levels and Ecological Risks of Some Selected Potentially Toxic Metals in Soils around Onne Dumpsite, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Audu P. , Oyet G. I. , Chibor B. S. 
Published: April 2021

The concentrations of selected potentially toxic metals and other soil physico-chemical variables in soil receptacles of a solid waste dumpsite at Onne, Nigeria were assessed to ascertain the levels of contamination and ecological risks. Surface soils (0 – 20 cm depth) from four sampling areas (north, south, east and west) of the dumpsite were analyzed for Cd, Pb, Ni, As and Cr, using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Single and integrated ecological risks indices were calculated using established models. Results revealed the mean values (mg/kg) of Cd (1.00 – 3.09), Pb (125.37 – 285.48), Ni (10.37 – 16.17), As (0.26 – 0.87), Cr (52.16 – 77.17). Assessment of ecological risk indices for north, south, east and west showed {PLI (2.38, 1.27, 1.17 and 1.33), EF (1.01, 16.0, 13.90 and 56.0), Cd (21.50, 11.10, 9.49 and 10.90), PERI (392.0, 132.0, 148.0 and 157.0), PIAvg (5.17, 2.55, 2.27 and 2.56), PINemerow (7.75, 3.80, 3.18 and 3.38) } respectively. These implied that the soils around the dumpsite area were polluted due to enrichment of the selected metals and therefore of low quality. Ecological risk reduction strategies were also recommended.
The Efficacy of the Absorbable Polydioxanone (PDO) Thread Lift in Lower Face (Marionette Line) Rejuvenation
Authors: Gerges Marian W. , Hassan Ghada F. R. , Mostafa Walid A. , Maadawy Iman H. El- 
Published: April 2021

Aims: To evaluate the efficacy of PDO thread lifting in lower face (marionette line) rejuvenation.
Study Design: Quasi experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Dermatology and Venereology Department, Tanta University Hospital, between January 2018 and April 2019.
Methodology: The study included 10 patients asking for lower face rejuvenation who were treated by PDO absorbable threads (2 threads in each side of marionette line).
Results: The mean validated grading scale for marionette line score before treatment was of 3.30 ± 0.82 while the mean score immediately after treatment was 1.70 ± 0.82. There was statistically significant improvement according to validated grading scale of marionette line after compared to before. These results were preserved after 1, 3 and 6months.
Conclusion: PDO threads is a simple, rapid, immediately effective and office technique procedure.
Effect of Vernonia Amygdalina Leaf on Cytochrome P450 2D6- and 3A4-Mediated Metabolism of Dextromethorphan in Healthy Nigerian Subjects
Authors: Oladepo Mariam Olaide , Adegbola Adebanjo Jonathan , Soyinka Julius Olugbenga , Onyeji Cyprian Ogbona 
Published: April 2021

Back-ground and Objectives: The study’s focus is to investigate the effects of Vernonia amygdalina on the metabolic activities of Cytochrome P450 3A4 and 2D6 in vivo. The assessment was based on CYP2D6-mediated O-demethylation and CYP3A4-mediated N-demethylation of dextromethorphan (DEX) to Dextrorphan (DOR) and 3-methoxymorphinan (3-MM), respectively.
Methods: The clinical study followed a two-phase cross over study with two weeks washout period. Volunteers received a single oral dose of DEX 30 mg alone in phase 1 and along with last dose of V. amygdalina leaf powder in phase 2. 8-hour urine samples were collected in both phases post-administration of DEX and analyzed using HPLC-UV. The chromatographic separation of DEX, DOR, 3-MM, and Imatinib was achieved on a C18 column. The analytes were eluted with a gradient elution consisting of 50mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate (pH 5)-acetonitrile at a 1 mL/min flow rate, and detected at 280 nm. Activities of the enzymes investigated were evaluated using the urinary metabolic ratios of DEX:DOR and DEX:3-MM.
Results: Median (interquartile range) values for the metabolic ratios of DEX:DOR was 0.032 (0.028-0.246) and 0.029 (0.018-0.061) for phases with and without V. amygdalina respectively, while the average median values for DEX:3MM was 5.087 (3.692-71.420) and 5.609 (3.093-19.197) for phases with and without V. amygdalina respectively. However, the differences between both phases were not significant for both isoenzymes.
Conclusion: V. amygdalina does not significantly affect the activities of CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 In vivo, which indicates that it has minimal potential to interact with the substrates of both isoenzymes.
Liquid Based Cytology versus Conventional Cytology for Evaluation of Cervical PAP Smear
Authors: Chandwani Vishakha , Saraswathi K. , Rao G. Bheema , Sivastava Vindu 
Published: April 2021

The cervix is the narrow inferior segment of the uterus which projects into the vaginal vault. Conventional cervical cytology is a simple, cost effective method that has been in use for more than 50 years and is still a highly effective cervical cancer screening procedure. Liquid-based, thin-layer preparation of cervical cytology specimens was a subsequent modification in technique. The present study was split-sample study was to compare Thin Prep Liquid-based Cytology with Conventional Pap Smear, relying on a laboratory with long term experience of the former. In our study most of the Conventional preparations showed cell overlapping, inflammatory cells, blood and mucus that obscure the epithelial cell morphology which was much reduced in Liquid based preparations.
Hybrid‐triggered fault detection filter design for networked Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy systems subject to persistent heavy noise disturbance
Authors: Qi Ji , Li Yanhui 
Published: April 2021

SummaryIn the network environment, the single time‐triggered scheme wastes limited bandwidth resources due to all the sampled data are transmitted to the networks, and the single event‐triggered scheme may increase system error because of ignoring factors such as changes in network utilization. To reduce the design conservatism, this paper is concerned with the hybrid‐triggered L1 fault detection filter design for a class of nonlinear networked control systems (NCSs) described by Takagi–Sugeno (T‐S) fuzzy model. Taking the effects of time‐triggered scheme and event‐triggered scheme into consideration simultaneously, we construct a fuzzy fault detection system. New results on stability and L1 performance are proposed for fuzzy fault detection system by exploiting the Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional and by means of the integral inequality method. Specially, attention is focused on the design of fault detection filter that guarantees a prescribed L1 noise attenuation level . Finally, two examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.