bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishment of a visualized isothermal nucleic acid amplification method for on‐site diagnosis of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease in shrimp farm
Authors: Yang Xiaohan , Dong Yu , Ma Chao , Qiao Yi , Jiang Ge , Chen Shiqi , Dong Jingquan , Shen Hui , Gao Song 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAcute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) is a significant deadly infectious disease in the shrimp farming industry, causing serious economic losses globally every year. Because of the rapid progress speed, lack of effective treatment and high mortality rate of AHPND, monitoring with frequent diagnostic tests is vital for a successful prevention. The conventional histopathological diagnosis fell far short of the requirement for efficient monitoring, and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based molecular diagnostic methods that rely on sophisticated thermocycler and trained personnel are hardly applicable in the field. Combining the recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and the lateral flow strips (LFSs), a diagnostic method suitable for on‐site everyday monitoring of AHPND has been established in this study. This RPA‐LFS method targeted the binary toxic photorhabdus insect‐related genes PirA and PirB on a virulence plasmid of the AHPND‐causative Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains. The diagnostic test was completed within 30 min at 37°C and showed good specificity and good sensitivity of 20 fg DNA of the AHPND shrimp or one colony‐forming unit of the causative bacterium per reaction, which was better than the administration‐approved standard AP4 assay. Crude templates from sample boiling could be directly used. Tests of clinical samples showed 100% consistency of this method with the standard AP4 assay. This RPA‐LFS method can be a good choice for on‐site diagnosis of AHPND with quick response time, easy procedure and low demand for resources, and should have significant value for the control of spreading of this dangerous disease in farmed shrimp.
Astrocytes in the rostral ventromedial medulla contribute to the maintenance of oro‐facial hyperalgesia induced by late removal of dental occlusal interference
Authors: Mo Si‐Yi , Bai Shan‐Shan , Xu Xiao‐Xiang , Liu Yun , Fu Kai‐Yuan , Sessle Barry J. , Cao Ye , Xie Qiu‐Fei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAstrocytes in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) contribute to descending pain modulation, but their role in oro‐facial pain induced by persistent experimental dental occlusal interference (PEOI) or following EOI removal (REOI) is unknown.ObjectiveTo explore the involvement of RVM astrocytes in PEOI‐induced oro‐facial hyperalgesia or its maintenance following REOI.MethodsMale rats were randomly assigned into five groups: sham‐EOI, postoperative day 6 and 14 of PEOI (PEOI 6 d and PEOI 14 d), postoperative day 6 following REOI on day 3 (REOI 3 d) and postoperative day 14 following REOI on day 8 (REOI 8 d). The nociceptive head withdrawal threshold (HWT) and activities of RVM ON‐ or OFF‐cells were recorded before and after intra‐RVM astrocyte gap junction blocker carbenoxolone (CBX) microinjection. RVM astrocytes were labelled immunohistochemically with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and analysed semi‐quantitatively.ResultsPersistent experimental dental occlusal interference‐induced oro‐facial hyperalgesia, as reflected in decreased HWTs, was partially inhibited by REOI at day 3 but not at day 8 after EOI placement. Increased GFAP‐staining area occurred only in REOI 8 d group in which CBX could inhibit the maintained hyperalgesia; CBX was ineffective in inhibiting hyperalgesia in PEOI 14 d group. OFF‐cell activities showed no change, but the spontaneous activity and responses of ON‐cells were significantly enhanced that could be suppressed by CBX in REOI 8 d group.ConclusionRostral ventromedial medulla astrocytes may not participate in PEOI‐induced oro‐facial hyperalgesia or hyperalgesia inhibition by early REOI but are involved in the maintenance of oro‐facial hyperalgesia by late REOI.
Siblings of children with chronic kidney disease: A qualitative study of everyday life experiences
Authors: Agerskov Hanne , Thiesson Helle C. , Pedersen Birthe D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundChronic kidney disease in children has an impact on all family members. Healthy siblings, in particular, may experience negative psychological and emotional symptoms. Little attention has been paid to how they experience everyday family life and the impact of their sibling's disease.ObjectivesTo explore perspectives on and experiences of everyday life among siblings of children with chronic kidney disease.DesignAn explorative study with a qualitative method.ParticipantsSeven siblings (7–13 years) of children with chronic kidney disease (5–16 years) were included.ApproachThe study took a phenomenological–hermeneutical approach. Semistructured individual interviews were conducted. The data were analysed using Ricoeur's theory of narrative and interpretation, on three levels: naïve reading, structural analysis and critical interpretation and discussion.FindingsThree themes emerged: The illness is in the background or comes to the fore, being concerned for and taking care of the sick sibling and the importance of bonds with relatives or other significant adults.ConclusionIn everyday life, participants experienced that their sick sibling's illness was either in the background or came to the fore. They needed to adapt to periods of hospitalisation. They felt a need to be attentive to, take care of and have concern for the sick brother or sister. Conflicts caused feelings of loneliness; however, having knowledge about the disease provided security and meaning. Being introduced to the healthcare professionals was significant. It was important to have close relationships with friends and other adults, which gave rise to feelings of self‐confidence and being supported.
Influence of endocrine disease on l‐lactate concentrations in blood of ponies
Authors: Dunkel Bettina , Knowles Edward J. , Chang Yu‐Mei , Menzies‐Gow Nicola J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundBlood l‐lactate concentrations are higher in people with developing or established diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance.ObjectivesTo investigate whether blood l‐lactate concentrations are positively correlated with measures of insulin dysregulation (ID) or increased autumnal ACTH concentrations in ponies.AnimalsSystemically healthy client‐owned ponies (n = 101).MethodsProspective case‐control study. Blood samples were obtained from 101 clinically healthy ponies. Breed, weight, height, and subjective and objective measures of body condition were recorded. Blood l‐lactate, glucose, triglyceride, total adiponectin, and ACTH concentrations were measured and an oral sugar test (OST) was carried out. Correlations between blood l‐lactate and variables of endocrine health were determined.ResultsUsing a seasonal cutoff point of ACTH concentrations ≥47 pg/mL, 55 ponies had increased autumnal ACTH concentrations and 45 did not. Using a basal insulin concentration of >50 μiU/mL, 42 ponies were diagnosed with ID and 58 were not. Using a 60 minutes after OST cutoff point of >45 μiU/mL, 57 ponies had ID and 37 did not. Blood l‐lactate concentrations were significantly lower in obese (average body condition score ≥ 7/9) compared to nonobese ponies (0.6 mmol/L; range, 0.0‐1.9 mmol/L vs 0.8 mmol/L; range, 0.3‐2.7 mmol/L; P = .01). No other significant correlations were detected. No differences were detected between ponies with and without increased autumnal ACTH concentrations (0.7 mmol/L; range, 0.0‐2.7 mmol/L vs 0.7 mmol/L; range, 0.3‐1.8 mmol/L; P = .84) and with and without ID (0.7 mmol/L; range, 0.3‐2.7 mmol/L vs 0.8 mmol/L; range, 0.0‐1.6 mmol/L; P = .63).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceResults do not support an effect of endocrine status on l‐lactate concentrations in blood of ponies.
Sacred distinctions: Law and the political regulation of Sikh Gurdwaras in British Columbia
Authors: Buffam Bonar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSince the 1990s, a sizeable body of case law has formed in the Canadian province of British Columbia in response to disputes over the political leadership of local gurdwaras, the name for Sikh places of worship and assembly. Although the disputes stemmed from religious and political disagreements, the legal issues addressed by the courts concern the proper bureaucratic administration of Sikh institutions that have been legally incorporated as nonprofit “societies.” Through a textual analysis of 55 legal decisions related to gurdwara leadership disputes, this article explains how the courts have decided these cases without ceding the pretense of secular neutrality by mobilizing a series of shifting discursive distinctions between religion, politics, materiality, civil society, and bureaucratic procedure. Building on critical secular and sociolegal theory, this article tracks how law is able to establish and extend the state's jurisdiction over Sikh practices and populations through its capacity to inscribe and delimit the social and political parameters of religion. It illustrates how this case law serves as a mechanism of racial governance by extending forms of surveillance and legal intervention that work to embed the diasporic practices of Sikh communities within the spheres of Canadian state power.
Rights-in-between: Resident perceptions of and accessibility to rights within restricted housing units
Authors: Rudes Danielle S. , Magnuson Shannon , Ingel Sydney , Hartwell Taylor 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPrison laws and policies often do not explicitly state the rights and privileges for the individuals residing there. This space is a unique example of where the law-on-the-books meet the law-in-action—a place where “law-in-between” operates in the hands of street-level workers. Using data collected from interviews with restricted housing unit residents and staff in four men's prisons, this paper examines how the law-in-between operates in a highly structured and punitive environment. Findings reveal agreement among residents and staff regarding general definitions and perceptions of rights, with some similarities regarding what rights are broadly. However, divergence exists in discussion of how rights are accessed in practice.
Impact of a nurse‐led brief tobacco cessation training program for healthcare professionals
Authors: Grech Joseph 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the impact of a tobacco cessation training program on healthcare professionals' smoking cessation practices, counseling‐related opinions, and attitudes about their role in tobacco control.DesignA single group pre‐ and post‐design.SampleEligible participants (n = 133) were health professionals who attended a training program between September 2018 and June 2019 at specific training sites in Malta.MeasurementsAn already established questionnaire was used to compare healthcare professionals' practices, opinions, and attitudes before the training program, and at 3‐month follow‐up.InterventionA public health nurse‐led, 3‐hr training intervention addressing tobacco use and tobacco cessation with emphasis on the 5As (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist and Arrange) framework.ResultsHealthcare professionals were favorably disposed towards counseling patients to stop. While participants still found it difficult to get clients to quit and lacked the time to counsel patients, they were more likely to deliver tobacco cessation interventions frequently at follow‐up.ConclusionDespite these challenges, this training program was found useful by the participants, who took a more comprehensive approach to address tobacco use. Public health nurses are encouraged to take a leading role in tobacco cessation training initiatives as part of their efforts to improve population health.
RAND appropriateness panel to determine the applicability of UK guidelines on the management of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and other strategies in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Griffiths Mark , Meade Susanna , Summers Charlotte , McAuley Daniel Francis , Proudfoot Alastair , Baladia Marta Montero , Dark Paul M , Diomede Kate , Finney Simon J , Forni Lui G , Meadows Chris , Naldrett Ian A , Patel Brijesh , Perkins Gavin D , Samaan Mark A , Sharifi Laurence , Suntharalingam Ganesh , Tarmey Nicholas T , Young Harriet F , Wise Matt P , Irving Peter M 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundCOVID-19 has become the most common cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) worldwide. Features of the pathophysiology and clinical presentation partially distinguish it from ‘classical’ ARDS. A Research and Development (RAND) analysis gauged the opinion of an expert panel about the management of ARDS with and without COVID-19 as the precipitating cause, using recent UK guidelines as a template.MethodsAn 11-person panel comprising intensive care practitioners rated the appropriateness of ARDS management options at different times during hospital admission, in the presence or absence of, or varying severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection on a scale of 1–9 (where 1–3 is inappropriate, 4–6 is uncertain and 7–9 is appropriate). A summary of the anonymised results was discussed at an online meeting moderated by an expert in RAND methodology. The modified online survey comprising 76 questions, subdivided into investigations (16), non-invasive respiratory support (18), basic intensive care unit management of ARDS (20), management of refractory hypoxaemia (8), pharmacotherapy (7) and anticoagulation (7), was completed again.ResultsDisagreement between experts was significant only when addressing the appropriateness of diagnostic bronchoscopy in patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19. Adherence to existing published guidelines for the management of ARDS for relevant evidence-based interventions was recommended. Responses of the experts to the final survey suggested that the supportive management of ARDS should be the same, regardless of a COVID-19 diagnosis. For patients with ARDS with COVID-19, the panel recommended routine treatment with corticosteroids and a lower threshold for full anticoagulation based on a high index of suspicion for venous thromboembolic disease.ConclusionThe expert panel found no reason to deviate from the evidence-based supportive strategies for managing ARDS outlined in recent guidelines.
Effect of Maternal Prepregnancy/Early‐Pregnancy Body Mass Index and Pregnancy Smoking and Alcohol on Congenital Heart Diseases: A Parental Negative Control Study
Authors: Taylor Kurt , Elhakeem Ahmed , Thorbjørnsrud Nader Johanna Lucia , Yang Tiffany C. , Isaevska Elena , Richiardi Lorenzo , Vrijkotte Tanja , Pinot de Moira Angela , Murray Deirdre M. , Finn Daragh , Mason Dan , Wright John , Oddie Sam , Roeleveld Nel , Harris Jennifer R. , Andersen Anne‐Marie Nybo , Caputo Massimo , Lawlor Deborah A. 
Published: May 2021

Background
Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are the most common congenital anomaly. The causes of CHDs are largely unknown. Higher prenatal body mass index (BMI), smoking, and alcohol consumption are associated with increased risk of CHDs. Whether these are causal is unclear.

Methods and Results
Seven European birth cohorts, including 232 390 offspring (2469 CHD cases [1.1%]), were included. We applied negative exposure paternal control analyses to explore the intrauterine effects of maternal BMI, smoking, and alcohol consumption during pregnancy, on offspring CHDs and CHD severity. We used logistic regression, adjusting for confounders and the other parent's exposure and combined estimates using a fixed‐effects meta‐analysis. In adjusted analyses, maternal overweight (odds ratio [OR], 1.15 [95% CI, 1.01–1.31]) and obesity (OR, 1.12 [95% CI, 0.93–1.36]), compared with normal weight, were associated with higher odds of CHD, but there was no clear evidence of a linear increase in odds across the whole BMI distribution. Associations of paternal overweight, obesity, and mean BMI were similar to the maternal associations. Maternal pregnancy smoking was associated with higher odds of CHD (OR, 1.11 [95% CI, 0.97–1.25]) but paternal smoking was not (OR, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.85–1.07]). The positive association with maternal smoking appeared to be driven by nonsevere CHD cases (OR, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.04–1.44]). Associations with maternal moderate/heavy pregnancy alcohol consumption were imprecisely estimated (OR, 1.16 [95% CI, 0.52–2.58]) and similar to those for paternal consumption.

Conclusions
We found evidence of an intrauterine effect for maternal smoking on offspring CHDs, but no evidence for higher maternal BMI or alcohol consumption. Our findings provide further support for the importance of smoking cessation during pregnancy.
Social network distribution of syphilis self-testing among men who have sex with men in China: study protocol for a cluster randomized control trial
Authors: Wang Yajie , Zhang Wei , Bao Dongping , Ong Jason J. , Tucker Joseph D. , Ye Rouxuan , Zheng Heping , Yang Bin , Wang Cheng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Syphilis is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) among men who have sex with men (MSM). Increasing syphilis testing is important to syphilis control. However, in low- and middle-income countries like China, syphilis testing rates remain low among MSM. We describe a randomized controlled trial protocol to examine the effectiveness of social network distribution approaches of syphilis self-testing among MSM in China.

Methods
We will recruit index and alter MSM. Indexes will be eligible if they: are born biologically male; aged 18 years or above; ever had sex with another man; are willing to distribute syphilis testing packages or referral links to their alters; and willing to provide personal contact information for future follow-up. Three hundred MSM will be recruited and randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio into three arms: standard of care (control arm); standard syphilis self-testing (SST) delivery arm; and referral link SST delivery arm. Indexes will distribute SST packages or referral links to encourage alters to receive syphilis testing. All indexes will complete a baseline survey and a 3-month follow-up survey. Syphilis self-test results will be determined by photo verification via a digital platform. The primary outcome is the mean number of alters who returned verified syphilis testing results per index in each arm.

Discussion
The trial findings will provide practical implications in strengthening syphilis self-testing distribution and increasing syphilis testing uptake among MSM in China. This study also empowers MSM community in expanding syphilis testing by using their own social network.

Trial registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2000036988. Registered 26 August 2020 - Retrospectively registered.
Drivers and barriers to workplace-based HIV self-testing among high-risk men in Uganda: a qualitative study
Authors: Muwanguzi Patience A. , Bollinger Robert C. , Ray Stuart C. , Nelson LaRon E. , Kiwanuka Noah , Bauermeister José A. , Sewankambo Nelson K. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Men in Sub-Saharan Africa are less engaged than women in accessing HIV testing and treatment and, consequently, experience higher HIV-related mortality. Reaching men with HIV testing services is challenging, thus, increasing the need for innovative ways to engage men with low access and those at higher risk. In this study, we explore men’s perceptions of drivers and barriers of workplace-based HIV self-testing in Uganda.

Methods
An exploratory study involving men working in private security companies employing more than 50 men in two districts, in central and western Uganda. Focus group discussions and key informant interviews were conducted. Data were analyzed using inductive content analysis.

Results
Forty-eight (48) men from eight private security companies participated in 5 focus group discussions and 17 key informant interviews. Of the 48 men, 14(29.2%) were ages 26–35 years. The majority 31(64.6%) were security guards. The drivers reported for workplace-based HIV self-testing included convenience, autonomy, positive influence from work colleagues, the need for alternative access for HIV testing services, incentives, and involvement of employers. The barriers reported were the prohibitive cost of HIV tests, stigma, lack of testing support, the fear of discrimination and isolation, and concerns around decreased work productivity in the event of a reactive self-test.

Conclusions
We recommend the involvement of employers in workplace-based HIV self-testing to encourage participation by employees. There is need for HIV self-testing support both during and after the testing process. Both employers and employees recommend the use of non-monetary incentives, and regular training about HIV self-testing to increase the uptake and acceptability of HIV testing services at the workplace.
Measurement of femoral posterior condylar offset and posterior tibial slope in normal knees based on 3D reconstruction
Authors: Bao Liangxiao , Rong Shengwei , Shi Zhanjun , Wang Jian , Zhang Yang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Femoral posterior condylar offset (PCO) and posterior tibial slope (PTS) are important for postoperative range of motion after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, normative data of PCO and PTS and the correlation between them among healthy populations remain to be elucidated. The purpose of this study was to determine PCO and PTS in normal knees, and to identify the correlation between them.

Methods
Eighty healthy volunteers were recruited. CT scans were performed followed by three-dimensional reconstruction. PCO and PTS were measured and analyzed, as well as the correlation between them.

Results
PTS averaged 6.78° and 6.11°, on the medial and lateral side respectively (P = 0.002). Medial PCO was greater than lateral (29.2 vs. 23.8 mm, P <  0.001). Both medial and lateral PCO of male were larger than female. On the contrary, male medial PTS was smaller than female, while there was no significant difference of lateral PTS between genders. There was an inverse correlation between medial PCO and PTS, but not lateral.

Conclusions
Significant differences exhibited between medial and lateral compartments, genders, and among individuals. An inverse correlation exists between PCO and PTS in the medial compartment. These results improve our understanding of the morphology and biomechanics of normal knees, and subsequently for optimising prosthetic design and surgical techniques.