bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential Effects of Endogenous and Exogenous Attention on Sensory Tuning
Authors: Fernández Antonio , Okun Sara , Carrasco Marisa 
Published: December 2021

Covert spatial attention (without concurrent eye movements) improves performance in many visual tasks (e.g., orientation discrimination and visual search). However, both covert attention systems—endogenous (voluntary) and exogenous (involuntary)—exhibit differential effects on performance in tasks mediated by spatial and temporal resolution suggesting an underlying mechanistic difference. We investigated whether these differences manifest in sensory tuning by assessing whether and how endogenous and exogenous attention differentially alter the representation of two basic visual dimensions—orientation and spatial frequency (SF). The same human observers detected a grating embedded in noise in two separate experiments (with endogenous or exogenous attention cues). Reverse correlation was used to infer the underlying neural representation from behavioral responses, and we linked our results to established neural computations via a normalization model of attention. Both endogenous and exogenous attention similarly improved performance at the attended location by enhancing the gain of all orientations without changing tuning width. In the SF dimension, endogenous attention enhanced the gain of SFs above and below the target SF, whereas exogenous attention only enhanced those above. Additionally, exogenous attention shifted peak sensitivity to SFs above the target SF, whereas endogenous attention did not. Both covert attention systems modulated sensory tuning via the same computation (gain changes). However, there were differences in the strength of the gain. Compared with endogenous attention, exogenous attention had a stronger orientation gain enhancement but a weaker overall SF gain enhancement. These differences in sensory tuning may underlie differential effects of endogenous and exogenous attention on performance.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCovert spatial attention is a fundamental aspect of cognition and perception that allows us to selectively process and prioritize incoming visual information at a given location. There are two types: endogenous (voluntary) and exogenous (involuntary). Both typically improve visual perception, but there are instances where endogenous improves perception but exogenous hinders perception. Whether and how such differences extend to sensory representations is unknown. Here we show that both endogenous and exogenous attention mediate perception via the same neural computation—gain changes—but the strength of the orientation gain and the range of enhanced spatial frequencies depends on the type of attention being deployed. These findings reveal that both attention systems differentially reshape the tuning of features coded in striate cortex.
Cross Talk between α7 and α3β4 Nicotinic Receptors Prevents Their Desensitization in Human Chromaffin Cells
Authors: Jiménez-Pompa Amanda , Sanz-Lázaro Sara , Omodolor Romidan Ewere , Medina-Polo José , González-Enguita Carmen , Blázquez Jesús , McIntosh J. Michael , Albillos Almudena 
Published: December 2021

The physical interaction and functional cross talk among the different subtypes of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) expressed in the various tissues is unknown. Here, we have investigated this issue between the only two nAChRs subtypes expressed, the α7 and α3β4 subtypes, in a human native neuroendocrine cell (the chromaffin cell) using electrophysiological patch-clamp, fluorescence, and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) techniques. Our data show that α7 and α3β4 receptor subtypes require their mutual and maximal efficacy of activation to increase their expression, to avoid their desensitization, and therefore, to increase their activity. In this way, after repetitive stimulation with acetylcholine (ACh), α7 and α3β4 receptor subtypes do not desensitize, but they do with choline. The nicotinic current increase associated with the α3β4 subtype is dependent on Ca2+. In addition, both receptor subtypes physically interact. Interaction and expression of both subtypes are reversibly reduced by tyrosine and serine/threonine phosphatases inhibition, not by Ca2+. In addition, expression is greater in human chromaffin cells from men compared to women, but FRET efficiency is not affected. Together, our findings indicate that human α7 and α3β4 subtypes mutually modulate their expression and activity, providing a promising line of research to pharmacologically regulate their activity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDesensitization of nicotinic receptors is accepted to occur with repetitive agonist stimulation. However, here we show that human native α3β4 and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes do not desensitize, and instead, increase their activity when they are activated by the physiological agonist acetylcholine (ACh). An indispensable requirement is the activation of the other receptor subtype with maximal efficacy, and the presence of Ca2+to cooperate in the case of the α3β4 current increase. Because choline is an α3β4 partial agonist, it will act as a limiting factor of nicotinic currents enhancement in the absence of ACh, but in its presence, it will further potentiate α7 currents.
Historia, ficción y ejemplaridad: santos y caballeros en los orígenes de la narrativa castellana
Authors: Baños Vallejo Fernando 
Published: December 2021

El análisis comparativo de los prólogos del Zifar y del Amadís con los de algunos flores sanctorum del siglo xvi (en especial el de Villegas), muestra que el deslinde entre historia y ficción es problemático, en una época en que la ficción no se justificaba por sí misma. Para salvar este inconveniente, los autores de ambos géneros confluyeron en destacar la ejemplaridad como razón de ser de sus obras, lo cual, además de otras coincidencias, aproxima hagiografía y libros de caballerías, dos modelos a menudo contrapuestos. Al dar preeminencia a la realidad moral sobre la empírica, se diluyen las dicotomías historia / ficción o verdadero / falso.
La observación de sus artificios justificativos, innecesarios en la estética contemporánea, da la medida de la distancia entre nuestros criterios y los que guiaron la producción literaria y la lectura de aquellos tiempos.
Added value of 3D-DRIVE and SWI Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sequences in Intraventricular Neurocysticercosis (IVNCC): An Institutional Experience from Northeast India
Authors: Boruah Deb K. , Gogoi Bidyut Bikash , Das Kuntal Kanti , Sarma Kalyan , Phukan Pranjal , Singh Binoy Kumar , Hazarika Karuna , Jaiswal Awadhesh 
Published: December 2021

Background: Prompt diagnosis and early treatment institution are important in intraventricular neurocysticercosis(IVNCC) as compared to the parenchymal or racemose form because it is associated with a poorer patient prognosis. Intraventricular neurocysticercosis is often missed on CT scan or conventional cranial magnetic resonance imaging because of similar density or signal intensity of cysticercus lesion with cerebrospinal fluid. Thestudy aims to evaluate the added value of 3D-DRIVE and SWI MRI sequences in isolated intraventricular cysticercosis with acute neurological presentation.Methods and Materials: This retrospective study was carried out on diagnosed 10patients with isolated intraventricular neurocysticercosis(IVNCC) presented to a tertiary care hospital with an acute onset of symptoms or acute neurological deficit between June 2019 to May 2021. Relevant neurological examination, CSF analysis, a serological test of neurocysticercosis and MRI scan of the brain were performed.Result: Tenpatients of isolated intraventricular neurocysticercosis (3 males and 7 females) having 3 pediatric and7 adults were included in this study sample.The common neurological complications of the isolated intraventricular neurocysticercosis in this study are observed as obstructive hydrocephalus in 8(80%) patients and ependymitis in 7(70%) patients.IVNCC with distinctly visualized scolex (visibility score 2) identified in 2(20%) patients in T2WI, 8 (80%)patients in 3D-DRIVE and 3(30%) patients in SWI sequences. The cyst wall of IVNCC was distinctly visualized (visibility score 2) in 1(10%) patient in T2WI, 8(80%) patientsin 3D-DRIVE and 6(60%) patients in SWI sequence.Conclusion: Heavily T2-weighted steady-state and SWI sequences should be added to routine MRI sequences that helps to identify IVNCC and should be used in patients with unexplained hydrocephalus, especially in endemic regions of Neurocysticercosis.
An Initiative to Reduce Insulin-Related Adverse Drug Events in a Children’s Hospital
Authors: Lawson Sarah A. , Hornung Lindsey N. , Lawrence Michelle , Schuler Christine L. , Courter Joshua D. , Miller Christy 
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVES
Adverse drug events (ADEs) during hospitalization are common. Insulin-related events, specifically, are frequent and preventable. At a tertiary children’s hospital, we sought to reduce insulin-related ADEs by decreasing the median event rate of hyper- and hypoglycemia over a 12-month period.

METHODS
Using Lean 6 σ methodology, we instituted a house-wide process change from a single-order ordering process to a pro re nata (PRN) standing order process. The standardized process included parameters for administration and intervention, enabling physician and nursing providers to practice at top of licensure. Automated technology during dose calculation promoted patient safety during dual verification processes. Control charts tracked rates of insulin-related ADEs, defined as hyperglycemia (glucose level &gt;250 mg/dL) or hypoglycemia (glucose level &lt;65 mg/dL). Events were standardized according to use rates of insulin on each nursing unit. The rates of appropriately timed insulin doses (within 30 minutes of a blood sugar check) were assessed.

RESULTS
Baseline median house-wide frequencies of hyperglycemic and hypoglycemic episodes were 55 and 6.9 events (per 100 rapid-acting insulin days), respectively. The median time to insulin administration was 32 minutes. The implementation of the PRN process reduced the median frequencies of hyperglycemic and hypoglycemic episodes to 45 and 3.8 events, respectively. The median time to insulin administration decreased to 18 minutes.

CONCLUSIONS
A PRN ordering process and education decreased insulin-associated ADEs and the time to insulin dosing compared with single-entry processes. Engaging bedside providers was instrumental in reducing insulin-related ADEs. Strategies that decrease the time from patient assessment to drug administration should be studied for other high-risk drugs.
The Adiwiyata Islamic Boarding School Management (A Study of Participatory Leadership Style)
Authors: Manumanoso Prasetyo Muhammad Anggung , Bashori Bashori , Rahmi Auliya 
Published: December 2021

In Aceh Province, Dayah Perbatasan Darul Amin is an Islamic Boarding school institution that has twice had achievement as the cleanest and healthiest boarding school as part of adiwiyata-based education institution concept. Such achievement by the Islamic boarding school can inspire and terminate a syndrome that a boarding house is a slump, dirty and unhealthy place. Also, it can change the public paradigm that boarding school is a very representative place to study. This research analyzes the Islamic boarding school management model in implementing the adiwiyata concept through participative leadership. The research approach paradigm is the qualitative one. The research used a diary method (DM). This article is an experience of Darul Amin Islamic Boarding School in implementing the adiwiyata program by implementing an effective Islamic boarding school. Results of the research show that adiwiyata program management is conducted through participative leadership, namely (1) formulation of adiwiyata Islamic boarding school, (2) building intern consolidation, (3) implementation of cleanliness management, (4) procurement of necessary infrastructure, (5) program evaluation and (6) organizational development. All elements' active contribution in realizing the adiwiyata Islamic boarding school can improve students' characteristics to live clean and love their environment. The participative leadership of the Kyai is proven to be able to improve the effectiveness of adiwiyata Islamic boarding school management.
Classroom Assessment for EFL Learning to Speak at Junior high School
Authors: Yustina Luli Sari , Besral Besral , Hasnawati Hasnawati 
Published: December 2021

The present study investigated the current practice of EFL Classroom assessment focusing on speaking skills in Junior High School. Speaking Assessment is a tool used to evaluate students’ oral skills in the formal system by the English teachers. The investigation of classroom speaking assessment in this school was based on its effectiveness in light of alternative assessment tool and pedagogical values. By using ADDIE model, we constructed an oral assessment in accordance with the needs and levels of students as well as components on the oral assessment. There were five commons models such as Oral Interview, Role Play, Guessing Games, Story Telling and Oral Report that are communicative, relevant, continues, simple and various forms. These models can be used to assess students’ speaking skills regardless of time and place as its validity and practicality tests appeared to be high (93.75 and 87.5). It can be concluded that these assessment models are applicable for teachers to assess students’ speaking skill. The paper further elaborates discussion on the utilizing of students’ ability, progress, and their learning process. In short, it is a high time for the teachers to apply these models in the classroom.
Improving the technology for manufacturing hollow cylindrical parts for vehicles by refining technological estimation dependences
Authors: Puzyr Ruslan , Shchetynin Viktor , Vorobyov Viktor , Salenko Alexandr , Arhat Roman , Haikova Tetiana , Yakhin Serhii , Muravlov Volodymyr , Skoriak Yuliia , Negrebetskyi Igor 
Published: December 2021

This paper shows that the technological preparation of production accounts for 20‒70 % of the total labor intensity of technical preparation. An important role belongs to the applied programs of finite-element modeling. However, such software packages often cannot be purchased by small-scale industrial enterprises for various reasons. Therefore, special empirical and analytical calculation models are used, which have proved to be quite effective in typical metal processing processes. Drawing a cylindrical hollow part was used as an example of the improved analytical dependence to calculate meridional tensile stresses. Existing analytical models of the process accounted for the bending moment through additional stresses. However, this approach only roughly described the deformation process. It was possible to refine the existing analytical dependences by introducing a term into the differential equilibrium equations that takes into consideration the bending moment that acts in the meridional direction when a workpiece passes the rounding on the matrix edge. Analysis of the obtained expression revealed that the bending of a workpiece gives rise to the stretching meridional stresses, which depend on the ratio of the squares of the thickness of the workpiece and the radius of the matrix rounding. The results of the estimation data from the numerical and theoretical models coincided for small values of the radius of the matrix rounding of 1‒2 mm, which confirms the adequacy of the analytical solution. In the numerical model, there is an extreme point where the tensile stresses have a minimum and, after it, begin to increase; this corresponds to the matrix rounding radius of 5 mm
Improved performance of corrugated metal gaskets in boiler’s piping system through multilayered coating
Authors: Nurhadiyanto Didik , Haruyama Shigeyuki , Mujiyono Mujiyono , Sutopo Sutopo , Yunaidi Yunaidi , Surahmanto Fredy , Choiron Moch Agus , Kusuma Novian Indra , Fauzi Nur Chalid 
Published: December 2021

The corrugated metal gasket is still in the early stages of development. However, gasket contact flanges with a high surface roughness (more than 3.5 µm) leak and require a lot of force to tighten. A nickel or copper-coated corrugated metal gasket was designed. A water pressure test was used to measure leaks, and the results revealed that nickel or copper-covered gaskets performed better. The effect of high temperature has not been explored in this study, which only reveals high pressure. The goal of this study is to use copper and nickel coatings to improve the performance of corrugated metal gaskets. Copper or nickel infiltrates the pipe flange's rough surface, preventing leaking. The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance of a coated corrugated metal gasket in a boiler system, which has high temperature and pressure. Corrugated metal gaskets were formed using a cold forming process. The gasket material was SUS304, which is copper or nickel-plated through electroplating. The gasket was installed in a series of pipes in the boiler that flows water at high temperature and pressure. The water leak was trickling on white paper that had been placed beneath the gasket. Even small water leaks are detected on white paper. The thermal camera can detect vapor leaks. The results of the studies reveal that the coated corrugated metal gasket's performance was improved, as seen by the reduction in leakage. At the highest pressure of 7 bar and the lowest tightening force of 40 kN, neither gasket leaked. This result is different from standard corrugated metal gaskets, where at the same pressure and temperature, steam and water leaks are observed. Both copper and nickel-plating types can be used to coat corrugated metal gaskets made of SUS304.
Analytical solution of the problem of dynamic synthesis of a six-link straight-line converting mechanism of the sucker-rod pumping drive
Authors: Rakhmatulina Ayaulym , Imanbayeva Nurbibi , Ibrayev Sayat , Uderbayeva Assemgul , Nurmaganbetova Aiman 
Published: December 2021

The paper presents an analytical solution to the problem of optimal dynamic balancing of the six-link converting mechanism of the sucker-rod pumping unit. This problem is solved numerically using a computer model of dynamics, namely by selecting the value of the correction factor k. Here we will consider an analytical method for solving this problem, that is, we find the location of the counterweight on the third link of the six-link converting mechanism for balancing. To solve the problem, we use the principle of possible displacement and write an equation where we express the torque through the unknown parameter of the counterweight. Further, such a value of the unknown parameter is found, at which the minimum of the root-mean-square value of torque M is reached. From the condition of the minimum of the function, we obtain an equation for determining the location of the counterweight. Thus, we obtain an analytical solution to the problem of optimal dynamic balancing of the six-link converting mechanism of the sucker-rod pumping drive in various settings.
According to the results, it was found that with the combined balancing method, the value of the maximum torque M and the value of the maximum power are reduced by 20 % than when the counterweight is placed on the third link of the converting mechanism, as well as when the value of the maximum torque is determined through the correction factor k.
In practice, balancing is carried out empirically by comparing two peaks of torque M on the crank shaft per cycle of the mechanism movement. Solving the analytical problem, we determine the exact location of the counterweight.
Determination of features of composite steel and concrete slab behavior under fire condition
Authors: Nekora Valeriia , Sidnei Stanislav , Shnal Taras , Nekora Olga , Dankevych Iryna , Pozdieiev Serhii 
Published: December 2021

Methods for calculating the fire resistance of steel-reinforced concrete slabs made using profiled steel sheets under the influence of a standard temperature regime for more than 120 minutes are considered and analyzed.
Research has been carried out to determine the heating parameters and the stress-strain state of steel-reinforced concrete slabs made using profiled steel sheets under fire conditions for more than 120 minutes. The results of this study allow to obtain indicators of temperature distribution for assessing the fire resistance of such structures for fire resistance classes above REI 120. Accordingly, the results obtained are a scientific basis for improving the existing method for calculating the fire resistance of steel-reinforced concrete slabs made using profiled steel sheets.
The temperature distribution in the cross-section of structures was obtained using a general theoretical approach to solving the problem of heat conduction using the finite element method. Using the obtained temperature distributions, the parameters of the stress-strain state were determined based on the method of limiting states.
To carry out the calculations, appropriate mathematical models were created that describe the effect of the standard temperature regime of a fire, to determine the temperature distribution at every minute in the sections of steel-reinforced concrete slabs with profiled steel sheets. A method is proposed for dividing the section into zones to take into account the decrease in the indicators of the mechanical properties of concrete and steel.
A simplified method for the design assessment of steel-reinforced concrete slabs made using profiled steel sheets is proposed, which is consistent with the current EU standards and can be effectively used to analyze their fire resistance when establishing their compliance with the fire resistance class REI 120 and higher.
Synthesis of precision dosing system for liquid products based on electropneumatic complexes
Authors: Gavva Oleksandr , Kryvoplias-Volodina Liudmyla , Blazhenko Sergii , Tokarchuk Serhii , Derenivska Anastasiia 
Published: December 2021

This paper reports the construction of a mathematical model for the process of dosing liquid foods (non-carbonated drinking water). The model takes into consideration the differential equations of changes in the kinematic parameters of the liquid in a dosing device's channels and the corresponding accepted initial and boundary conditions of the process. The boundary conditions account for the influence of software-defined airlift dosing modes using the driver and the geometry of the product pipeline. The current's value measured in mA (with an accuracy of 0.001 mA) relative to the standard scale Imin is Imax=4...20 mA.
Individual stages of the dosing process were analytically described, followed by the analysis of separate stages and accepted assumptions.
The accuracy achieved when testing the experimental sample of the dispenser, with the repetition of the dose displacement process, ranged between 0.35 % and 0.8 %.
The reported results are related to the established dosage weight of 50 ml when changing the initial level of liquid in the tank of the dosing feeder by 10 mm.
An experimental bench has been proposed for investigating the functional mechatronic dosing module under the software-defined modes to form and discharge a dose of the product. The bench operates based on proportional feedback elements (4–20 mA) for step and sinusoidal pressure control laws in the dosing device.
The control model with working dosing modes has been substantiated. The control models built are based on proportional elements and feedback.
During the physical and mathematical modeling, the influence of individual parameters on the accuracy of the product dose formation was determined; ways to ensure the necessary distribution of compressed air pressure, subject to the specified productivity of the dosing feeder, were defined. The study results make it possible to improve the operation of precision dosing systems for liquid products based on electro-pneumatic complexes