bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community‐onset pediatric status epilepticus: Barriers to care and outcomes in a real‐world setting
Authors: Fetta Anna , Bergonzini Luca , Dondi Arianna , Belotti Laura Maria Beatrice , Sperandeo Federica , Gambi Caterina , Bratta Anna , Romano Rossana , Russo Angelo , Mondardini Maria Cristina , Vignatelli Luca , Lanari Marcello , Cordelli Duccio Maria 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveStatus epilepticus (SE) is a neurological emergency in childhood, often leading to neuronal damage and long‐term outcomes. The study aims to identify barriers in the pre‐hospital and in‐hospital management of community‐onset pediatric SE and to evaluate the effectiveness of pediatric scores on outcomes prediction.MethodsThis monocentric observational retrospective cohort study included patients treated for community‐onset pediatric SE in a tertiary care hospital between 2010 and 2021. Data were extracted following Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines. Inclusion criteria were community‐onset SE (according to the International League Against Epilepsy [ILAE] Task Force on SE Classification), admission to the pediatric emergency department (PED), age: 1 month to 18 years. Pre‐hospital, in‐hospital management and outcomes were analyzed. Pediatric scores for prediction of clinical worsening (Pediatric Early Warning Score ‐ PEWS) and SE outcome (Status Epilepticus in Pediatric patients Severity Score ‐ STEPSS; Pre‐status Epilepticus PCPCS, background Electroencephalographic abnormalities, Drug refractoriness, Semiology and critical Sickness Score ‐ PEDSS) were retrospectively assessed for their accuracy in predicting short‐term and long‐term outcomes.ResultsA total of 103 consecutive episodes of SE were included. Out‐of‐hospital rescue medications administration occurred in 54.4% of cases and was associated with higher SE resolution rate before PED admission (48.2% vs 27.6%, p = .033). Longer in‐PED time to treatment was observed in case of delay to PED referral (r = 0.268, p = .048) or non‐red triage labels (12 vs 5 min, p = 0.032), and was associated with longer in‐PED duration of SE (r = 0.645, p < .001). Longer SE duration was observed in episodes leading to hospitalization compared to those discharged (50 vs 16 min, p < .001). In‐PED electroencephalography (EEG) recordings were available in 39.8% of events. Predictive scores varied in accuracy, with PEWS ≥5 showing high sensitivity for intensive care unit (ICU) admission but low specificity. No patients died, 6.3% of SE was refractory.SignificanceEffective pre‐hospital administration of rescue medications and prompt PED management are crucial to reduce SE duration and improve outcomes. Predictive scores can aid in assessment of the severity and prognosis of SE; their utility is still not defined. Identifying and addressing actionable care barriers in SE management pathways is essential to enhance patient outcomes in pediatric SE.
The Impact of Bridging Additives on Wellbore Strengthening in Shallow Unconsolidated Formations
Authors: Koulidis Alexis , Grubben Tessel M. , van der Schans Martin L. , Bloemendal Martin , Vardon Philip J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDrilling wells in unconsolidated formations is commonly undertaken to extract drinking water and other applications, such as aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES). To increase the efficiency of an ATES system, the drilling campaigns are targeting greater depths and enlarging the wellbore diameter in the production section to enhance the flow rates. In these cases, wells are more susceptible to collapse. Drilling fluids for shallow formations often have little strengthening properties and, due to single‐string well design, come into contact with both the aquifer and the overburden. Drilling fluids and additives are experimentally investigated to be used to improve wellbore stability in conditions simulating field conditions in unconsolidated aquifers with a hydraulic conductivity of around 10 m/d. The impact on wellbore stability is evaluated using a new experimental setup in which the filtration rate is measured, followed by the use of a fall cone penetrometer augmented with an accelerometer to directly test the wellbore strengthening, and imaging with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to investigate the (micro)structure of the filter cakes produced. Twelve drilling fluids are investigated with different concentrations of bentonite, polyanionic cellulose (PAC), Xanthan Gum, calcium carbonate (CaCO3), and aluminum chloride hexahydrate ([Al(H2O)6]Cl3). The filtration results indicate that calcium carbonate, average dp <20 μm, provides pore throat bridging and filter cake formation after approximately 2 min, compared to almost instantaneous discharge when using conventional drilling fluids. The drilling fluid containing 2% [Al(H2O)6]Cl3 forms a thick (4 mm) yet permeable filter cake, resulting in high filtration losses. The fall cone results show a decrease of cone penetration depth up to 20.78%, and a 40.27% increase in deceleration time while penetrating the sample with CaCO3 compared with conventional drilling fluid containing bentonite and PAC, indicating a significant strengthening effect. The drilling fluids that contain CaCO3, therefore, show high promise for field implementation.
CD23 expression in lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma: Clinical–pathological and biological correlations
Authors: Pizzi Marco , Danesin Nicolò , Scarmozzino Federico , Pinto Martina , Scapinello Greta , Santoro Luisa , Bertozzi Irene , Arcidiacono Gaetano Paride , Trimarco Valentina , Visentin Andrea , Trentin Livio , Piazza Francesco , Dei Tos Angelo Paolo 
Published: December 2024

AimsThe diagnosis of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) in the bone marrow (BM) is challenged by aberrant phenotypes and by overlapping histological features with marginal zone lymphoma (MZL). To address these issues, we (i) assessed LPL immunophenotype on a large series of BM samples, (ii) drew possible correlations between LPL phenotype and clinical/molecular data and (iii) investigated the role of new phenotypical markers in the differential diagnosis between LPL and MZL.Materials and methodsThe study retrospectively considered 81 clinically annotated LPL diagnosed at Padua University Hospital (Padua, Italy) during a 5‐year period. BM findings were correlated with clinical laboratory findings and with MYD88 and CXCR4 mutational status. The obtained results were compared with a series of 77 MZL in the BM, including 46 splenic MZL (SMZL), 14 nodal MZL (NMZL) and 17 extra‐nodal MZL (EMZL).ResultsThe LPL cohort included 52 males and 29 females (median age at diagnosis = 71 years). Aberrant CD10 and CD5 positivity was documented in 3 of 81 (3.7%) and 13 of 81 (16.1%) cases, respectively. CD23 positivity occurred in 56 of 81 (69.1%) cases, being usually partial/focal. CD23 expression did not correlate with any specific clinical–pathological parameter. Comparison with SMZL, NMZL and EMZL highlighted less frequent splenomegaly, higher serum paraprotein, higher CD23 expression and fewer follicular dendritic cell networks in LPL. A combined clinical–pathological score supported the differential diagnosis between LPL and MZL of any type. The highest diagnostic yield was obtained for the differential diagnosis between LPL and SMZL.ConclusionsPartial positivity for CD23 is a common feature of LPL in the BM. Together with other clinical and histological parameters, CD23 expression supports the differential diagnosis between LPL and MZL.
Exploring the cascade of mental healthcare among people with HIV experiencing depressive symptoms in the UK and Ireland: The POPPY study
Authors: Okhai Hajra , Winston Alan , Post Frank , Boffito Marta , Mallon Patrick , Vera Jaime , Williams Ian , Sachikonye Memory , Johnson Margaret , Anderson Jane , Prechtl Christina , Sabin Caroline ,   The POPPY study group
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntroductionDepressive symptoms are highly prevalent among people with HIV, which can negatively impact HIV‐related outcomes. We explore the cascade of mental healthcare for people with HIV experiencing depressive symptoms.MethodsPeople with HIV who were part of the Pharmacokinetic and clinical Observations in PeoPle over fiftY (POPPY) study (2013–2016) were included. A Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9) score ≥10 or Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D) ≥16 was defined as moderate/severe depressive symptoms. Diagnosed depression and access to mental healthcare were self‐reported. A cascade of mental healthcare was explored, defining individuals experiencing depressive symptoms; those among them reporting a diagnosis of depression; and of this latter group, the proportion reporting accessing mental healthcare. Demographic, social and clinical characteristics were assessed at each step using logistic regression.ResultsOf the 1009 participants (65.5% ≥50 years, 85.8% male, 85.1% white), 387 (38.4%) individuals were experiencing depressive symptoms, over half of whom (54.3%) reported a diagnosis of depression. Only 43.3% of individuals with diagnosed depression reported accessing mental healthcare. Men [odds ratio = 0.62, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.42–0.92], people in a relationship (0.44, 0.33–0.59), those who were employed (0.28, 0.21–0.38) and those with university qualifications (0.54, 0.40–0.72) were less likely to experience depressive symptoms. Heterosexuals (0.30, 0.14–0.64) were less likely to report a diagnosed depression, whereas smokers were more likely to have a diagnosed depression (1.75, 1.10–2.77). Older individuals (2.36, 1.31–4.28) were less likely to have accessed mental healthcare.ConclusionsOur findings suggest the presence of unmet mental healthcare needs for people with HIV. We hope these findings will inform policies to streamline mental health services for people with HIV.
High‐temperature tribological behavior of hydrothermal MoS2 coating on TC6 surface treated by MAO method
Authors: Guo Junde , Feng Kaituo , Wang Xiaopeng , Yang Wei , Cheng Zhaohui , Sun Biao , Cao Wei , Meng Junhu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTitanium alloys have excellent mechanical properties, but poor tribological properties limit their application as dynamic friction components. Micro‐arc oxidation (MAO) is a technique to generate a ceramic layer on the metal surface to obtain better wear resistance, but the structure of the ceramic layer leads to a high coefficient of friction. In this study, MAO–MoS2 composite coatings were prepared on the surface of titanium alloy (TC6) by a combination of MAO and hydrothermal reaction. The tribological performance of the composite coatings was investigated by a ball‐on‐disk high‐temperature tribometer under room temperature to 300°C, and the corresponding lubrication mechanism was revealed. The results show that the average friction coefficient of the composite coating is reduced by 89.1% and the wear rate is reduced by 91.4% compared to the pure TC6 at 300°C, which is attributed to the introduction of the MAO ceramic layer and MoS2 lubrication element synergistically improves the friction reduction and wear resistance of TC6. The findings of this study are expected to expand the engineering applications of titanium alloy components in aerospace and other related fields.
Do firms with works councils prefer agreeable job applicants? A discrete choice experiment
Authors: Pfeifer Harald , Wehner Caroline , de Grip Andries , Kensbock Julia M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWorks councils in many countries are involved in dismissal procedures and may therefore invoke high hold‐up costs for firms laying off workers. To avoid these conflicts, firms with a works council may have a stronger preference for more agreeable job applicants who have a low risk of dismissal. We conduct a discrete choice experiment among recruiters to assess their preferences regarding job applicants' personality traits and competence. In line with our expectations, we find that recruiters from works‐council firms more strongly prefer agreeable job applicants. We also find that more agreeable recruiters choose more agreeable employees, indicating a similarity‐attraction effect.
AttributeRank: An Algorithm for Attribute Ranking in Clinical Variable Selection
Authors: Atsa'am Donald Douglas , Wario Ruth , Khomokhoana Pakiso 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundRisk difference is a valuable measure of association in epidemiology and healthcare which has the potential to be used in medical and clinical variable selection.ObjectiveIn this study, an attribute ranking algorithm, called AttributeRank, was developed to facilitate variable selection from clinical data sets.MethodsThe algorithm computes the risk difference between a predictor and the response variable to determine the level of importance of a predictor. The performance of the algorithm was compared with some existing variable selection algorithms using five clinical data sets on neonatal birthweight, bacterial survival after treatment, myocardial infarction, breast cancer, and diabetes.ResultsThe variable subsets selected by AttributeRank yielded the highest average classification accuracy across the data sets, compared to Fisher score, Pearson's correlation, variable importance function, and Chi‐Square.ConclusionAttributeRank proved to be more valuable in attribute ranking of clinical data sets compared to the existing algorithms and should be implemented in a user‐friendly application in future research.
The 6‐Item Self‐Efficacy Scale in Chronic Disease Management in Women With Endometriosis: A Turkish Validity and Reliability Study
Authors: Arslan Tarus Hamide , Demirci Nurdan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study aimed to adapt the 6‐Item Self‐Efficacy Scale for Chronic Disease Management (SEMDC‐6S) to women with endometriosis in the Turkish population and to evaluate its validity and reliability.MethodsThis methodological study comprised of 200 women with endometriosis. The construct validity of the scale was tested using the confirmatory factor analysis methods. The reliability of the scale was tested using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, item‐total score correlations and test‐retest reliability analysis.ResultsIt was determined that the SEMDC‐6S consisted of six items and one subscale. In the confirmatory factor analysis, the fit index values of the scale were found to be acceptable. The intraclass correlation coefficient of test–retest reliability was 0.95, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.76.ConclusionThe Turkish version of the SEMDC‐6S is a valid and reliable tool for assessing the self‐efficacy of women with endometriosis.
Uncertainty‐informed regional deformation diagnosis of arch dams
Authors: Chen Xudong , Sun Wenhao , Hu Shaowei , Li Liuyang , Gu Chongshi , Guo Jinjun , Wei Bowen , Xu Bo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAccurately predicting dam deformation is crucial for understanding its operational status. However, existing models struggle to effectively capture the spatiotemporal correlations in monitoring data and quantify uncertainty within dam systems. This paper presents an innovative uncertainty quantification model for evaluating regional deformation in arch dams. First, a method to extract the spatiotemporal correlation features is proposed. Considering the multidimensional deformation at measurement points, correlations among various points are analyzed through improved self‐organizing map clustering and federated Kalman filtering. Second, a temporal convolutional network is employed for improved lower and upper bound estimation, and a quality‐driven loss function is adopted to optimize model parameters. Finally, engineering case studies demonstrate that this model can generate reliable prediction intervals for regional deformation, thereby aiding in risk analysis and diagnostics.
A comparison of photo‐ID and signature whistle based capture‐recapture abundance estimates of common bottlenose dolphin
Authors: Sharpe Matt , Berggren Per 
Published: December 2024

AbstractProviding abundance estimates for cetaceans is essential for their conservation and management. Passive acoustics provide a cost‐effective option that is being increasingly explored. One promising approach is to use signature whistles within a capture‐recapture framework. In this study, both photo‐ID and acoustic data of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) were collected between August and October 2019 off Northumberland, United Kingdom. A total of 26 surveys were conducted and 5771 h of acoustic data were recorded across three sites. The resulting photo‐ID catalog contained 43 noncalf individuals and 45 unique signature whistle types were identified using the SIGnature IDentification method. Each dataset was analyzed using closed capture‐recapture models and different modeling approaches were considered for the whistle data, including Spatially Explicit Capture Recapture (SECR). The resulting total abundance estimate from photo‐ID data was 60 (95% CI 49 to 73) individuals. Using the photo‐ID estimate as benchmark, the whistle data modeling approach that provided the most similar estimate was SECR, resulting in 66 (95% CI 56–104) individuals. The study provides further evidence of the applicability of using signature whistles for estimating abundance of bottlenose dolphins and provides the first abundance estimates for the species off Northumberland, United Kingdom.
Gone too far? The paradoxical effect of political elite radicalization
Authors: Hebel‐Sela Shira , Aldar Lee , Orian Harel Tal , Hameiri Boaz , Pliskin Ruthie , Halperin Eran 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHow does the rise of ideologically extreme leaders affect attitudes and beliefs among their supporters? Previous research on paradoxical thinking suggests that when individuals are exposed to a radicalized version of their held beliefs, they moderate them in response. However, it is yet unknown whether, how, and among whom, such moderation occurs in response to radicalization of individuals' favored leaders. The proposed study examines how an unfolding real‐world manifestation of a paradoxical thinking intervention—that is, the radical and extreme policies carried out by the newly elected Israeli government—affects the political attitudes of the government's supporters. Using a longitudinal design, we examined how pre‐election attitudes (N = 589 government supporters) moderate, radicalize, or remain unchanged following the announcement and implementation of radical policies. Over four time points, we also examine the psychological mechanisms mediating the policies' moderating impact, to disentangle the reciprocal or paradoxical effects of radicalization among leaders on the public.
From protests to polls: A study on voting intentions in Lebanon
Authors: Harb Charles 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study examines collective action intentions in Lebanon, a country characterized by fragmented demographics and recent sociopolitical turmoil. Through a nationally representative survey of 1200 Lebanese individuals conducted just before national elections, we explore the impact of sociopolitical orientations, emotions, and social cohesion factors on voting intentions and collective action. The findings reveal significant emotional distress among the population, widespread distrust in political institutions, and varying degrees of political engagement influenced by sociodemographic factors such as wealth and education. Notably, the study challenges conventional collective action theories by showing the limited predictive power of social identities for voting behavior, instead highlighting the influence of individuals' social networks and emotional states on their political action intentions. This research contributes to the understanding of political engagement in volatile contexts, offering insights into the complex dynamics of collective action and voting behavior in Lebanon.
The influence of lexical word properties on selective attention to emotional words: Support for the attentional tuning of valent word forms
Authors: Schmuck Jonas , Schnuerch Robert , Voltz Emely , Kirsten Hannah , Gibbons Henning 
Published: December 2024

AbstractUsing event‐related potentials, it was found that selective attention to valence facilitates early affective discrimination of words with task‐relevant valence and inhibits affective processing of words with task‐irrelevant valence. This attention‐based modulation of affective processing presumably relies on prior associative learning linking visual word forms with their affects. To investigate this hypothesis, we employed a valence‐detection task and manipulated lexical (length, frequency) and affective (arousal) word features. Since we assumed that these features strongly influence the strength of visual form–affect associations, we expected them to play a crucial role in early affective discrimination. Fifty‐eight participants made speeded responses only to words of one predefined target level of valence (negative, neutral, or positive), which varied across three blocks. As expected, the visual P1 component yielded greater valence discrimination for the target than for nontarget words. This interactive effect was most prominent for short, high‐frequency and low‐arousal words, respectively. Regarding the N170 component, low‐frequency words showed higher amplitudes when they were either positive low‐arousing or negative high‐arousing compared with the other two sets of words, independently of target status. Additionally, an average‐referenced EPN‐like posterior negativity (150–270 ms) revealed a target‐independent interaction between valence and arousal and increased amplitudes for negative target words. Results extend previous research in showing that particularly short and highly frequent valent word forms can be tuned by selective attention to valence, facilitating early affective discrimination. Finally, findings support the notion that valence and arousal interact during early preattentive, bottom‐up processing which is interpreted within the valence–arousal conflict theory.
Enamel hypoplasia: a potential diagnostic aid in DiGeorge syndrome
Authors: Gupta Aakash , Singh Ramandeep , Wander Arvinder 
Published: December 2024

SummaryDental enamel, renowned as the hardest substance in the human body, serves as a resilient outer layer that safeguards the tooth crown. Acting as a formidable barrier, it shields the dental pulp from physical, thermal and chemical harm. The appearance of enamel, characterised by its opacity and colour, mirrors its unique structure and composition. Developmental anomalies or external factors influencing enamel formation often manifest as noticeable changes in its visual characteristics. Unlike bone, enamel lacks cells and remains unaltered once mineralised. Enamel hypoplasia may arise from various causes, whether as part of a broader syndrome or in isolation. Managing enamel hypoplasia is crucial due to its heightened susceptibility to tooth decay. Furthermore, enamel hypoplasia can serve as a diagnostic marker for syndromes such as DiGeorge syndrome and Kearns-Sayre syndrome. This case study will delve into managing enamel hypoplasia and its role in diagnosing DiGeorge syndrome.