bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ventral Pallidum GABA Neurons Mediate Motivation Underlying Risky Choice
Authors: Farrell Mitchell R. , Esteban Jeanine Sandra D. , Faget Lauren , Floresco Stan B. , Hnasko Thomas S. , Mahler Stephen V. 
Published: April 2021

Pursuing rewards while avoiding danger is an essential function of any nervous system. Here, we examine a new mechanism helping rats negotiate the balance between risk and reward when making high-stakes decisions. Specifically, we focus on GABA neurons within an emerging mesolimbic circuit nexus: the ventral pallidum (VP). These neurons play a distinct role from other VP neurons in simple motivated behaviors in mice, but their role in more complex motivated behaviors is unknown. Here, we interrogate the behavioral functions of VPGABAneurons in male and female transgenic GAD1:Cre rats (and WT littermates), using a reversible chemogenetic inhibition approach. Using a behavioral assay of risky decision-making, and of the food-seeking and shock-avoidance components of this task, we show that engaging inhibitory Gi/osignaling specifically in VPGABAneurons suppresses motivation to pursue highly salient palatable foods, and possibly also motivation to avoid being shocked. In contrast, inhibiting these neurons did not affect seeking of low-value food, free consumption of palatable food, or unconditioned affective responses to shock. Accordingly, when rats considered whether to pursue food despite potential for shock in a risky decision-making task, inhibiting VPGABAneurons caused them to more readily select a small but safe reward over a large but dangerous one, an effect not seen in the absence of shock threat. Together, results indicate that VPGABAneurons are critical for high-stakes adaptive responding that is necessary for survival, but which may also malfunction in psychiatric disorders.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn a dynamic world, it is essential to implement appropriate behaviors under circumstances involving rewards, threats, or both. Here, we demonstrate a crucial role for VPGABAneurons in high-stakes motivated behavior of several types. We show that this VPGABArole in motivation impacts decision-making, as inhibiting these neurons yields a conservative, risk-averse strategy not seen when the task is performed without threat of shock. These new roles for VPGABAneurons in behavior may inform future strategies for treating addiction, and other disorders of maladaptive decision-making.
Progestogen metabolites for use in pregnancy monitoring of 13-lined ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus)
Authors: Miller Amy , Jentz Elainna , Duncan Cassandra , Merriman Dana 
Published: April 2021

Graphical abstract

13-lined ground squirrels (TLGS; Ictidomys tridecemlineatus) are small, omnivorous, fossorial, hibernating sciurids. TLGS are seasonal induced ovulators, with a ~28-day gestation period. The main goal of this study was to ascertain whether enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of TLGS fecal samples can be used to non-invasively detect pregnancy. Competitive ELISAs for progestogen metabolites were conducted on feces collected from a group of (n =13) females. Feces were collected thrice weekly during the breeding season and frozen for subsequent analysis. Competitive ELISAs were run using progesterone kits ), setting data against seven different time-points between hibernation, emergence, and litter birthdate. Eleven females produced litters. ELISA data from the (n = 2) non-pregnant females demonstrated no rise in progestogen metabolites at any point over 28 days. In contrast, data from the (n = 11) pregnant females all demonstrated a pronounced rise in progestogen metabolites, with most animals displaying progesterone withdrawal in the final week of gestation. A >20-fold rise in progestogen metabolite was observed halfway through gestation (P < 005). Analysis on litter size and progestogen metabolite concentration showed no significant correlation (r2 = −0.615). Initial correlation analysis done on sex ratio of litters vs progestogen metabolites showed no significant effect of progesterone on sex ratios (males: r2 = −0.772, females: r2 = 0.375). This work demonstrated that TLGS also undergo progesterone withdrawal about a week before parturition. We have ascertained that a commercially available progesterone assay kit can detect a significant elevation in progestogen metabolites in this species about halfway through gestation.

Lay summary
This research was conducted to discover whether pregnancy prediction is possible in female 13-lined ground squirrels (TLGS; a small hibernating ground squirrel named for their number of stripes). Pregnancy status in this species, we postulated, could be anticipated by generating profiles for individuals via a non-invasive technique known as fecal endocrine hormone profiling. Fecal samples were collected from 13 females thrice weekly for 4 weeks post-hibernation in the breeding season of 2016. Fecal samples were then processed and run through an assay known as an ELISA giving concentrations of hormone metabolites excreted through feces. We then set these samples against time points to develop a profile for each female. We have ascertained that elevated progesterone (potential pregnancy) can be detected by a commercially available assay kit. Understanding hormone patterns in animals gives researchers a better idea of best husbandry practices, including breeding in managed care.
OBJECTS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IN N. N. BLOKHIN NATIONAL MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER OF ONCOLOGY CREATED IN 2019–2020
Authors: Tarasova О. I. , Ryzhova A. A. , Savinova М. I. , Borodin V. D. 
Published: April 2021

The results of the intellectual activity of the researchers of the N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russia in 2019–2020 are presented in the short message. It is high‑ lighted that the number of patents is an index of an innovative level in the organization.
PENGARUH PREVENTIF EKSTRAK DAUN DEWANDARU (Eugenia uniflora. L) TERHADAP KADAR Malondialdehyde (MDA) DAN HISTOPATOLOGI DUODENUM PADA TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus norvegicus) MODEL GASTROENTERITIS INDUKSI Escherichia coli
Authors: Fajeria Aidia Latifatul 
Published: April 2021

Daun dewandaru (Eugenia uniflora L.) memiliki kandungan utama tannin, flavonoid dan saponin. Kandungan zat yang bersifat antibakteri dan antioksidan pada dewandaru mampu mengurangi penggunaan antibiotik dalam mengobati penyakit gastroenteritis. Gastroenteritis merupakan suatu inflamasi yang terjadi pada saluran pencernaan melibatkan lambung dan usus yang ditandai dengan muntah, diare. Gastroenteritis disebabkan oleh Escherichia coli yang memiliki endotoksin berupa Lipopolisakarida (LPS). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh preventif ekstrak daun dewandaru (Eugenia uniflora L.) dalam menurunkan kadar Malondialdehyde (MDA) dan perbaikan histopatologi duodenum pada tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) model gastroenteritis hasil infeksi Escherichia coli. Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dan terdiri dari lima kelompok, yaitu kontrol negatif, kontrol positif (diinjeksi Escherichia coli) dan tiga kelompok preventif (diinjeksi Escherichia coli dan preventif dengan dosis ekstrak daun dewandaru yang berbeda yaitu 300, 400, dan 500 mg/kg BB). Induksi Escherichia coli dengan dosis 1 x 106 cfu/mL peroral sebanyak 1 mL pada hari kedelapan penelitian, yang sebelumnya telah diberi preventif ekstrak daun dewandaru selama 7 hari. Parameter yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah histopatologi duodenum dan kadar Malondialdehyde (MDA). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan one-way ANOVA (α=0,05). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun dewandaru tidak dapat menghambat adanya kerusakan pada duodenum dan kenaikan kadar MDA. Kesimpulan penelitian ini ekstrak daun dewandaru tidak berpengaruh mencegah gastroenteritis hasil induksi Escherichia coli berdasarkan kerusakan duodenum dan kenaikan kadar MDA.
Performance assessment of static and dynamic routings using 6LoWPAN on small scenarios applied to monitoring of Barranquilla flash flood
Authors: Gabriel Piñeres -Espitia , butt shariq aziz , Francisco Estévez -Ortiz , Alejandro Cama -Pinto 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) is growing rapidly due to the wireless network that provides connectivity to devices at anytime and anywhere. Currently, the wireless sensor network is involved in many research fields like smart health monitoring, smart cities, and smart industries. From all of these, flood monitoring is the most important field in the IoT wireless network to alert about the occurrence of any abnormalities. To monitor the environment wireless sensor network needs a decision-making protocol that sense and route the information timely. The present work includes numerous use of Low Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN) with IPv6 protocol defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) due to its different test conditions, analysing static and dynamic routing and its impact on different performance metrics such as latency and packet losses for their application in monitoring system of the flash floods in any region. In this study, we are using IPv6 6LoWPAN to develop a wireless warning system before a flood event in “The Brigade” in Barranquilla city. The basic purpose for making system is to secure the city from costly damage and life loss. Different types of traffic and different 1-/2-hops scenarios have been considered. In order to implement our system, we use the well-known TelosB platform jointly with TinyOS, BLIP 2.0 and LPL. The experiment result shows that time on 512 ms and 1024 ms with a packet of 120 B obtain good performance on the metrics used for the tests.
Estimating the Parameters of the Epileptor Model for Epileptic Seizure Suppression
Authors: Brogin João Angelo Ferres , de Abreu Jean Faber Ferreira , Bueno Douglas Domingues 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common brain disorders worldwide, affecting millions of people every year. Given the partially successful existing treatments for epileptiform activity suppression, dynamic mathematical models have been proposed with the purpose of better understanding the factors that might trigger an epileptic seizure and how to mitigate it, among which Epileptor stands out, due to its relative simplicity and high prediction ability. Recent studies using such a model have provided evidence that establishing a feedback-based control approach is possible. However, for this strategy to work properly, Epileptor's parameters, which describe the dynamic characteristics of a seizure, must be known beforehand. Therefore, this work proposes a methodology for estimating such parameters based on a successive optimization technique. The results show that it is feasible to approximate their values, and integrating this system identification approach with observers and controllers can be carried out, which might provide an interesting alternative for seizure suppression in practice in the future.
Randomized clinical trial to assess the protective efficacy of a Plasmodium vivax CS synthetic vaccine
Authors: Herrera Socrates , Arevalo-Herrera Myriam , Larmart-Delgado Michelle , Caicedo Maria Alejandra , Henao-Geraldo Juliana , Castellanos Angelica , Gaitan Xiomara , Herrera Sonia , Devaud Jean-Christophe , Panatier André , Oñate Jose , Corradin Giampietro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial was conducted to assess the safety and protective efficacy of the Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite (CS) protein. A total of 35 healthy adults, either malaria-naïve (n=17) or P.vivax semi-immune (n=18), were enrolled and immunized intramuscularly (i.m.) at months 0, 2, and 6, with the PvCS (150 μg) formulated in Montanide ISA-51 adjuvant. Most volunteers developed PvCS specific antibody and T-cell responses and were subjected to a P. vivax sporozoite controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) 30 days after the last immunization. Sterile protection was observed in five of 11 naïve (42%) and four of 11 semi-immune (36%) volunteers by showing no parasitemia during the 60 days follow-up, as did a semi-immune control (1/5) volunteer. All non-protected volunteers developed malaria symptoms 10-19 days after CHMI and were immediately treated with antimalarial drugs. This is the first study of a P. vivax sub-unit vaccine demonstrating sterile protection against P. vivax infection.
Randomized clinical trial to assess the protective efficacy of a Plasmodium vivax CS synthetic vaccine
Authors: Arevalo-Herrera Myriam , Larmart-Delgado Michelle , Caicedo Maria Alejandra , Henao-Giraldo Juliana , Castellanos Angelica , Gaitan Xiomara , Devaud Jean-Christophe , Pannatier André , Herrera Sonia , Oñate Jose , Corradin Giampietro , Herrera Socrates 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial was conducted to assess the safety and protective efficacy of the Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite (CS) protein. A total of 35 healthy adults, either malaria-naïve (n=17) or P.vivax semi-immune (n=18), were enrolled and immunized intramuscularly (i.m.) at months 0, 2, and 6, with the PvCS (150 μg) formulated in Montanide ISA-51 adjuvant. Most volunteers developed PvCS specific antibody and T-cell responses and were subjected to a P. vivax sporozoite controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) 30 days after the last immunization. Sterile protection was observed in five of 11 naïve (42%) and four of 11 semi-immune (36%) volunteers by showing no parasitemia during the 60 days follow-up, as did a semi-immune control (1/5) volunteer. All non-protected volunteers developed malaria symptoms 10-19 days after CHMI and were immediately treated with antimalarial drugs. This is the first study of a P. vivax sub-unit vaccine demonstrating sterile protection against P. vivax infection.
Silent world under COVID-19 — a comprehensive impact analysis based on human mobility
Authors: Wang Shaobin , Tong Yun , Fan Yupeng , Liu Haimeng , Wu Jun , Wang Zheye , Fang Chuanglin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Since spring 2020, the human world seems to be exceptionally silent due to mobility reduction caused by COVID-19 pandemic. To better measure real-time decline of human mobility and changes of socio-economic activities in a timely manner, we constructed a silent index (SI) based on Google’s mobility data. We systematically investigated the relations between SI, new COVID-19 cases, government policy, and the level of economic development. Results showed a drastic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on increasing SI. The impact of COVID-19 on human mobility varied significantly by country and places. Bi-directional causality between SI and the new COVID-19 cases was detected, with a lagging period of one to two weeks. The travel restriction and social policies could immediately affect SI in one week; however, could not effectively sustain in the long run. Underdeveloped countries are more affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.
APOE4&nbsp;Regulates Synaptic Function by Directly Modulating the SNARE&nbsp;Complex Assembly
Authors: Chen Feng , Chen Yanting , Chen Huiyi , Wang Yongxiang , Wei Wenyan , Cai Yujie , Liang Chunmei , Cao Hao , Chen Xiongjin , Ji Yao , Zhang Dandan , Sun Yuanhong , Wang Yan , Cui Lili 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The ε4 allele of the Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is a major genetic risk determinant of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). Its protein product APOE4 has been demonstrated to coffers deleterious effects for various neurodegenerative disorders related to cognitive impairment, including AD. A line of evidence implied that APOE4 affects these diseases partly through its synaptic damage. However, the mechanisms underlying this have not been fully interpreted.Methods: Proteomics analysis, Co-immunoprecipitation assay (Co-IP), Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BIFC), and Proximity ligation assay (PLA) assays were used to screen and verify the interactome of APOE, which in an APOE4-priority manner. The molecular docking and molecular dynamic analysis were conducted to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that APOE3 differs from APOE4 in the binding ability of VAMP2. Adeno-associated virus expressing APOE3 and APOE4 was stereotaxically injected into the Hippocampus of Apoe-/- mice, and in vitro recombinant proteins experiments were conducted to verify the AOPE on soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex assemble. FM4-64 fluorescent dye labeling assay was explored in hippocampus from APOE3-TR and APOE4-TR mice to study the APOE genotype effect on synaptic vesicle release.Results:Using proteomics analysis, we screened interactomes of APOE3 and APOE4 in neurons, respectively. Then, VAMP2 protein was selected for further analysis through related bioinformatics analysis. Via Co-IP, BIFC, and PLA assays,we demonstrated that APOE directly interacts with VAMP2 in an E4 > E3 manner in vitro and in vivo. The molecular docking and molecular dynamic analysis suggested that the APOE4-VAMP2 complex was more stable and had higher affinity than APOE3-VAMP2, may due to the increased contribution of hydrogen bonding, hamper VAMP2 to form the SNARE complex. The further in vitro and in vivo results suggest that APOE4 blocks the SNARE complex assembly, negatively regulating synaptic vesicle release, finally contributing to the synaptic damage and cognitive impairment.Conclusions:Our findings identify SNARE protein as an APOE interactor, and APOE4 isoform effects on SNARE complex formation, mediates APOE4-induced synaptic dysfunction. Our results provide insights into APOE4-mediated synapse toxicity, and suggested new avenues for specifically targeting early presynaptic dysfunction in AD.
Influence of pH on Structural, Morphological, Optical, Photocatalytic, and Antibacterial Properties of Yttrium Oxide Nanoparticles via Co-Precipitation Method
Authors: Parangusan Kiruthika , Subramanium Venkat , Sundarabharathi Lakshmanaperumal , Kannan Karthik , Radhika Devi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Yttrium oxide nanoparticles with multiform morphologies have been synthesized by the co-precipitation method. The structure, morphology, functional groups, optical and photoluminescence properties were examined through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), UV-Visible (UV-Vis), Photoluminescence spectra (PL). The XRD patterns obtained for the samples synthesized at various pH values confirmed the cubic structure of Y2O3. The patterns obtained on the samples at pH values of 8 and 9 appeared as have sharp peaks suggested, that the samples were well crystallized. From UV-vis spectra, it revealed that the bandgap energy exhibits a blue shift in the absorption edge for the samples with the increase of pH due to their changing morphologies and surface structures. In the PL spectra, the obtained Y2O3 samples demonstrate an intense and bright UV and blue emission under the excitation wavelength range of 250 nm. The photocatalytic degradation of the Y2O3 nanostructure was studied against the Methylene blue (MB) dye under sunlight irradiation. The results showed good recital under solar light irradiation. Further, the antimicrobial activities of Y2O3 nanostructure against foodborne pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi) were examined by using the disc diffusion method. Moreover, the Y2O3 nanostructure was found to be biocompatible.
Pressure Assisted Development and Characterization of Al-Fe Interface for bi-metallic Composite Castings: An Experimental and Statistical Investigation for Low Pressure Regime
Authors: Rashid Tayyiba , Saleem Muhammad Qaiser , Mufti Nadeem Ahmad , Asif Noman , Ishfaq Kashif , Naqvi Maham 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Review of the available literature indicates that development of metal reinforced castings present intriguing prospects but carry inherent challenges owing to differences in thermal coefficients, chemical affinities, diffusion issues and varying nature of intermetallic compounds. It is supported that pressure application during solidification may favorably influence the dynamics of the aforementioned issues, nevertheless, not only certain limitations have been cited but also some pressure and process regimes have not been found to be investigated and optimized. This work employs the pressure-assisted approach for bi-metallic steel reinforced aluminum composite castings at low-pressure regime and thoroughly investigates the role of three process parameters namely pouring temperature (800°C-900°C), pressure (10–20 bars) and holding time (10–20 sec) for producing sound interfaces. Taguchi L9 orthogonal array has been employed as DOE while dominant factors have been determined via ANOVA and Grey relational analysis multi-objective optimization technique. Supplementary analysis through optical micrographs, SEM and EDS has been relied upon to quantify interfacial layer thicknesses and to study microstructural and compositional aspects of the interface. Nano-indentation tests under static and dynamic loading have also been performed for mechanical strength characterization. It has been found that uniform interfaces with verifiable diffusion are obtainable with pouring temperature being the most influential parameter (PCR 92.84%) in this pressure regime. Optimum parameters determined from the work, yield ~ 328% thicker interface layer, 19.42% better nano-hardness and 19.10% improved cooling rate when compared to the process conditions with least parametric levels.
Bioresorbable Plate Fracture After Cranioplasty Caused by Head Injury, a Pediatric Case&nbsp;
Authors: Igarashi Kohei , Kuge Atsushi , Homma Hiroshi , Yamaki Tetsu , Kondo Rei , Saito Shinjiro , Sonoda Yukihiko 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Recently, bone fixation materials have been developed as surgical materials. Bioabsorbable materials offers several advantages over other materials and are widely used. We report a rare case of the fracture of bioresorbable plates caused by head injury, and describe some considerations.Case description: A day, six-year-old boy suffered from consciousness disturbance. He was admitted our hospital and diagnosed with left frontal subcortical hemorrhage due to ruptured arteriovenous malformation (AVM). He was received the surgery of removal of the AVM with decompressive craniectomy. He was discharged without any neurologic deficit and underwent the cranioplasty 4 months after the initial surgery. Two months after the last treatment, he was fallen and hit his left frontal head. The next day, he noticed an abnormal bulge in the injured area. We diagnosed the bulging as the cerebrospinal fluid leakage because of the dural tear. The repairment of dural tear was performed. We found that two bioresorbable plates used by cranioplasty were both cracked and the dura mater beneath them was teared. We repaired the damaged dura with an artificial dura mater. After surgery, cerebrospinal fluid leakage did not occur. Conclusion: It has been reported that the durability of bioresorbable plate is no less than that of titanium plate. We experienced a relatively rare case in which bioabsorbable plate used for bone fixation was damaged due to head trauma. After craniotomy or cranioplasty using bioresorbable plates, special attention should be paid to head trauma that involves bone flap sinking force and side bending stress.