bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological Characterization, Trait Variability and their Association, and Diversity Analysis Among Yard Long Bean (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. Sesquipedalis (L.) Verdc.) Genotypes
Authors: Devan Samnanaik Rudranaik , Rathod Vijayakumar , Chinthan Karpenahalli Nagaraj , Lakshmidevamma Thirumani Narayanareddy , Deepashree Gopinaik , Shilpashree Nagaraju , Anjanappa Muddappa , Manjunathagowda Dalasanuru Chandregowda 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Genetic variability has been greatly valued in yard-long bean, due to their narrow genetic base. To diversify the genetic base, yard long bean genotypes were evaluated to quantify the variation, to assess the extent of association between the yield complaint traits, diversity and for their utilization in crop improvement programmes. High phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variations, heritability coupled with genetic advance over mean were observed most of the traits except internodal length, days to first and 50 per cent flowering, days to first and last picking, seeds per pod. Correlation and path analysis of variables namely pod length, pod width and pods per plant contributes high positive significant association with pod yield per plant, and maximum direct and indirect effect recorded for pods per plant, green pod length and green pod width. The genotypes were grouped into 12 clusters, the maximum divergence recorded between genotypes of Cluster XI and Cluster XII for traits pod yield per plant, vine length and yield per plot and pod length contributed high towards total divergence, the genetically diverse genotype of these clusters aids in the creation of larger recombinants, and would be an aid in the genetic improvement of yard-long bean genotypes.
A Panel Regression Analysis for the COVID-19 Epidemic in the United States: From the Quarantine Policy and Environmental Perspective
Authors: Guo Yinpei , Li Bo , Duan Tonghua , Yao Nan , Wang Han , Yang Yixue , Yan Shoumeng , Sun Mengzi , Wang Ling , Yao Yan , Sun Yuchen , Jia Jiwei , Liu Siyu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background. The COVID-19 epidemic has had an extreme impact on society. This study aimed to discuss this epidemic in the U.S. and explore the association between COVID-19 daily incidence rate and influencing factors including people’s implementation of states’ quarantine policy and environmental factors including temperature, humidity and so on.Methods. Data of 50 states in U.S. were used as the research subjects. A panel data model was established based on the daily incidence rate and influencing factors from 15 March to 30 September, 2020. The period was analyzed both unsegmented and segmented. The k-means clustering method was used to cluster the states, and panel linear regression method was used for correlation analysis.Results. The characteristics of the daily incidence rate and factors of the three categories were different after clustering. The daily residents at home, proportion of travel people, humidity and incidence rate were negatively correlated, while the daily temperature and incidence rate were positively correlated after unsegmented multivariate analysis. While after segmented analysis, the air pressure and the temperature showed a trend that was negatively correlated with the daily incidence rate respectively in the first and the fifth segment, other indicators showed the analogous results. At the same time, this study also completed the regression analysis after classification of the three groups. Compared with results without classification, there was a decrease of the number of significant independent variables.Conclusions. The spread of COVID-19 in 50 states in U.S. was related to quarantine measures, temperature and humidity. The progress of the epidemic would be relatively slow if people chose to stay at home. Besides, the increase in temperature (＜84.2℉) could be conducive to the spread of the epidemic, while the increase in relative humidity (40~70%) might inhibit the spread of the virus to a certain degree.
Molecular Characterization and Expression Analysis of the Gene Encoding 3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase (EGR-03347) from Echinococcus Granulosus and the Evaluation of the Immune Protection of the Definitive Hosts (dogs)
Authors: Xian Jinwen , Wang Ning , Zhao Pengpeng , Zhang Yanyan , Meng Jimeng , Ma Xun , Wang Zhengrong , Bo Xinwen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Cystic echinococcosis, a serious parasitic zoonosis, is caused by tapeworm (Echinococcus granulosus) larvae. The development of an effective vaccine is a promising strategy to control echinococcosis. E. granulosus has a complete tricarboxylic acid cycle pathway, in which 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (EGR-03347) is a key enzyme.Methods: In the present study, the cDNA encoding EGR-03347 in Echinococcus granulosus (rEGR-03347) was successfully cloned and the molecular and biochemical characterizations carried out. The immunoreactivity of recombinant EGR-03347 (rEGR-03347) was investigated using western blotting. The immunolocalization of EGR-03347 in different life stages of E. granulosus was determined using specific polyclonal antibody, quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze their transcript levels in PSCs and 28-day strobilated worms stages. In addition, recombinant protein rEGR-03347 was mixed with the adjuvant Quil A for vaccinating dogs, after three vaccine injections, all the dogs were orally challenge-infected with 100000 protoscoleces of E. granulosus. After 28 days of infection, all the dogs were euthanized and necropsied for collecting and counting E. granulosus worms, post-infection the antibody and cytokine were measured for the immunogenicity analysis of this protein.Results: rEGR-03347 is a highly conserved protein, consisting of 308 amino acids. Recombinant EGR-03347 could be identifed in the sera of patients with CE and in mouse anti-rEGR-03347 sera. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that EGR-03347 mainly localized in the tegument of protoscoleces and adults, and their transcript levels were high in the 28-day strobilated worms. Furthermore, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays post‑infection showed that IgG gradually increased after the first immunization with rEGR-03347 compared with the control group, rEGR-03347 changed the interferon gamma and interleukin 4 levels. We observed an 87.2 % reduction in E. granulosus numbers and 66.7 % inhibition of the segmental development of E. granulosus in the rEGR‑03347‑vaccinated dogs compared with the nonvaccinated controls.Conclusions: This is the first report characterizing a 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase from the tapeworm E. granulosus. We have characterized the sequence, structure and location of EGR‑03347 and investigated the immunoreactivity, immunogenicity and serodiagnostic potential of rEGR‑03347 . The results demonstrated rEGR-03347 as a potential vaccine against E. granulosus infection in dogs.
Physiological responses and expression of VrDREB2A gene at different growth stages of mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) under drought stress
Authors: Vu Hang Thi Thuy , Le Cham Thi Tuyet , Pham Ly Thi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Mungbean is an important pulse crop and commonly grown in Asia. Drought affects mungbean growth and yield at at different growing stages and various levels through physiological traits and gene expression. In this study, two mungbean cultivars, DX208 and Tam Thanh Hoa, were exposed to drought at the vegetative and flowering stages and assessed for various morphophysiological traits at 8, 12, 15 and 15 days post withholding water and the plant recovery 7 days after re-watering. Differential expression of VrDREB2A gene was observed in leaf and root of two mungbean cultivars under drought condition. Plants used up water more quickly at the flowering stage than the vegetative stage. Drought adversely affected the plant height, leaf number, above-ground plant biomass and root weight with relative reduction to the control by 4.0–85%. Yield components and individual yield reduced significantly by around 50–60% compared to the control. Relative expression of VrDREB2A gene was varied, with stronger expression in leaves and roots when drought imposed at the flowering and vegetative stages respectively. Increase in VrDREB2A expression occurred earlier at 8 days compared with 12 days for drought imposed at the flowering and vegetative stages respectively, resulting in more tolerance of plants to drought at the flowering stage. The results indicate that VrDREB2A functioned as an important transcriptional activator and might help increase the drought stress tolerance of the mungbean plant at various growing stages. Morphophysiological traits can also be used as indicators in screening mungbean for drought tolerance.
Budget Constrained Machine Learning for Early Prediction of Adverse Outcomes for COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Nguyen Sam , Chan Ryan , Cadena Jose , Soper Braden , Kiszka Paul , Womack Lucas , Work Mark , Duggan Joan , Haller Steven , Hanrahan Jennifer , kennedy David , Mukundan Deepa , Ray Priyadip 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Machine learning (ML) based risk stratification models of Electronic Health records (EHR) data may help to optimize treatment of COVID-19 patients, but are often limited by their lack of clinical interpretability and cost of laboratory tests. We develop a ML based tool for predicting adverse outcomes based on EHR data to optimize clinical utility under a given cost structure. This cohort study was performed using deidentified EHR data from COVID-19 patients from ProMedica Healthcare in northwest Ohio and southeastern Michigan. Methods: We tested performance of various ML approaches for predicting either increasing ventilatory support or mortality and the set of model features under a budget constraint was optimized via exhaustive search across all combinations of features. Results: The optimal sets of features for predicting ventilation under any budget constraint included demographics and comorbidities (DCM), basic metabolic panel (BMP), D-dimer, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), CRP, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and procalcitonin and for mortality included DCM, BMP, complete blood count, D-dimer, LDH, CRP, BNP, procalcitonin and ferritin. Conclusions: This study presents a quick, accurate and cost-effective method to evaluate risk of deterioration for patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection at the time of clinical evaluation.
Burden and factors associated with Generalized Anxiety Disorder symptoms among the Pakistani population during the Corona-virus disease 2019
Authors: Lakhdir Maryam Pyar Ali , Nathwani Apsara Ali , Peerwani Ghazal , Azam Syed Iqbal , Iqbal Romaina , Asad Nargis 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

Psychological impact of the COVID 19 pandemic has been expected and widely predicted, but its associated factors are not measured predominantly in low- and middle-income countries. This study aims to determine the burden and factors associated with generalized-anxiety-disorder in the Pakistani population amidst the COVID 19 pandemic
Methods

We conducted a web-based cross-sectional survey on 1679 Pakistani residents who had access to the study questionnaire broadcasted via the Google form. Generalized-anxiety-disorder was screened through a validated tool of the Generalized-Anxiety-Disorder 7 scale. Multiple Ordinal Regression was used to identify the factors associated generalized anxiety disorder and the results were reported as adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals.
Results

Most of the participants (70.8%; n = 1189) were screened positive for generalized-anxiety-disorder, out of which moderate and severe symptoms were seen in 22% (n = 365) and 18% (n = 301) of them, respectively. The mean score for generalized-anxiety was 8.57(SD = ± 5.88). A significant interaction was seen between gender and perceived stress, indicating that females with high perceived stress had 30 times greater odds of generalized-anxiety as compared to females with low perceived stress (95% CI: 20.02, 44.46). Additionally, during the complete down, the odds of generalized-anxiety among respondents who frequently watched news were 1.72(95% CI: 1.06, 2.77) times compared to participants who rarely watched the news. Furthermore, participant’s current psychiatric illness, anxiousness about uncertainty, fear of getting infected from COVID, fear of loved one getting infected from COVID 19, worrying when the first case of COVID 19 was reported, indulgence in recreational activities, and current health status were found to be significantly associated with generalized-anxiety.
Conclusion

Study findings indicate an alarming increase in generalized anxiety adversely affecting the psychological well-being of respondents. Immediate interventions for offering psychological support need to be implemented to curtail the rapidly increasing morbidity due to anxiety related to the pandemic.
Tamoxifen protects breast cancer patients from COVID-19: first evidence from real world data
Authors: Bravaccini Sara , Nicolini Fabio , Balzi William , Azzali Irene , Calistri Arianna , Parolin Cristina , Vitiello Adriana , Biasolo Maria Angela , Mazzotti Lucia , Gaimari Anna , Maltoni Roberta , Altini Mattia , Falcini Fabio , Montella Maria Teresa , Nanni Oriana , Ravaioli Sara , Pirini Francesca , Tumedei Maria Maddalena , Cortesi Michela , Zanoni Michele , Cerchione Claudio , Sambri Vittorio , Ibrahim Toni , Martinelli Giovanni , Mazza Massimiliano 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background COVID-19 severity is uneven between genders. We hypothesized a role of hormonal therapies in the severity of COVID-19 in breast cancer (BC) patients via the modulation of SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility genes. Patients and Methods We mined the Emilia Romagna region (Italy) registries to compare the rates of hospitalization and mortality for COVID-19 in 2020 amongst 24628 BC patients. Next, we analyzed the modulation of ACE2, TMPRSS2 and NRP1 gene expression and the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection by tamoxifen, fulvestrant and 17β-estradiol on human ER+ MCF-7 cells in vitro.Results The hospitalization rate observed for 4784 tamoxifen treated BC patients was the lowest (OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.18-0.94; p=0.04) among hormonal therapies and no fatalities occurred. A standard mortality rate reduction has been observed also for patients treated with aromatase inhibitors (SMR: 0.73; 95% CI, 0.45-0.90). In vitro experiments showed that fulvestrant, but not tamoxifen, increases ACE2, TMPRSS2 and NRP1 gene expression and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and that 17β-estradiol reduces significantly TMPRSS2 and NRP1 expression.Conclusions Tamoxifen treated BC patients showed a reduced rate of hospitalization and strikingly no fatalities for COVID-19. In vitro experiments confirmed a protective role of tamoxifen while an increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection of ER+ cells treated with fulvestrant was observed.
Respuesta inmune en neonatos bovinos de madres vacunadas y no vacunadas con bacterina contra neumoenteritis
Authors: Castrillón Rodríguez María Inés , Campos Gaona Rómulo 
Published: June 2021

Contextualización: La diarrea neonatal es una patología común en terneros, causa alta mortalidad y disminución de la productividad ganadera.
Vacío de investigación: Una propuesta para su control es inmunizar las madres contra enteropatógenos, lo cual no ha sido suficientemente investigado en nuestro medio.
Propósito del estudio: El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar indicadores de inmunidad pasiva en neonatos bovinos, nacidos de vacas vacunadas con una bacterina comercial contra neumoenteritis en el último tercio de la gestación.
Metodología: Veintiún vacas gestantes mestizas fueron distribuidas en tres grupos: T1, control; T2, aplicación de una dosis del biológico 30 días preparto y T3 aplicación de dos dosis a los 30 y 15 preparto; un cuarto grupo T4 para evaluar inmunidad activa, fue conformado por neonatos vacunados a las 24 horas de vida. El período experimental para las vacas comprendió entre 30 días preparto hasta el parto; para los terneros entre 24 y 72 horas pos nacimiento. En las crías se analizaron indicadores del metabolismo proteico e inmunoglobulinas (Ig).
Resultados y conclusiones: En las vacas se analizó la calidad del calostro, cinco indicadores del metabolismo proteico y el cortisol como modulador inmune, éstos no presentaron diferencias estadísticas significativas entre tratamientos, excepto AST en el T3. En los neonatos la IgA e IgG no presentaron diferencias significativas ni para tratamientos ni para tiempo. Tanto la IgM como la albúmina presentaron significancia entre tratamientos, mientras que globulinas y proteínas totales lo hicieron solo para el efecto tiempo. No se evidenció efecto de la bacterina, ni se encontró falla en la transferencia de inmunidad pasiva.
Rizobacterias promotoras de crecimiento vegetal (PGPR): una revisión sistemática 1990-2019
Authors: Posada Castaño Anny Melissa , Mejía Durango Diana Patricia , Polanco-Echeverry Diana , Cardona-Arias Jaiberth Antonio 
Published: June 2021

Contextualización: Actualmente se utilizan grandes cantidades de agroquímicos para aumentar la productividad agrícola, lo cual ha acarreado múltiples problemáticas ambientales que podrían subsanarse con el uso de rizobacterias promotoras de crecimiento vegetal (PGPR, Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria), fomentando a una agricultura sostenible.
Vacío de conocimiento: La información se encuentra dispersa y a la fecha no existe un análisis sistemático que permita una descripción precisa de las investigaciones sobre PGPR, lo cual representa una limitación para el desarrollo de investigaciones experimentales posteriores.
Objetivos: Describir las principales aplicaciones de las PGPR en investigaciones originales del ámbito mundial.
Metodología: La revisión sistemática fue realizada en tres bases de datos multidisciplinarias siguiendo las recomendaciones Cochrane y PRISMA. Se garantizó exhaustividad, reproducibilidad y evaluación de la calidad. Los análisis se basaron en frecuencias e intervalos de confianza del 95% para las proporciones.
Resultados y conclusiones: Se identificaron 2.525 estudios y sólo 160 cumplieron el protocolo de selección. La mayoría de estudios proceden de la India, los principales géneros microbianos descritos fueron Bacillus, Pseudomonas y Enterobacter, los mecanismos PGPR más investigados fueron producción de ácido indolacético (AIA), solubilización de fosfato, antagonismo y producción de sideróforos. Las especies vegetales más frecuentes en los estudios fueron maíz, tomate, trigo y arroz, en las cuales los principales efectos de las PGPR se relacionaron peso y longitud de la raíz y la planta en general. Se concluye que esta revisión identificó los géneros de PGPR, mecanismos de acción PGPR y especies vegetales de mayor frecuencia en los estudios, variables útiles para resumir la evidencia en este campo e identificar las principales líneas de acción en futuras investigaciones tendientes a mejorar la salud, producción de cultivos y sostenibilidad ambiental.
Afasia e inclusão social: panorama brasileiro na Fonoaudiologia
Authors: Abreu Elisabeth Araujo de , Balinha Daiana Moraes , Costa Maria Lucia Gurgel da , Brandão Lenisa 
Published: June 2021

Introdução: Os impactos da afasia vão além de alterações de linguagem ou comunicação, afetando a qualidade de vida e a participação social. Faz-se necessário, portanto, que o fonoaudiólogo atue de forma interdisciplinar e amplie seu escopo de atuação na terapia das afasias, indo além de uma perspectiva que foca majoritariamente na correção de déficits linguísticos. Esta comunicação discute a importância de metas de incentivo à inclusão social e aponta caminhos para melhor atender às demandas dessa população. Objetivo: Discutir o trabalho do fonoaudiólogo no que tange a metas de enfrentamento dos impactos sociais da afasia. Método: Revisão não sistemática de literatura. São discutidos temas ligados à inclusão social e apresentadas iniciativas nacionais que promovem a participação social da pessoa com afasia. Resultados: Apesar das lacunas ainda existentes, as ações crescentes de diversos grupos de convivência, a criação de associações e as campanhas de conscientização da população apontam para importantes sinais de mudança no escopo de atuação do fonoaudiólogo junto a essa população. Conclusão: Há um crescimento das intervenções em grupo e valorização de atividades artísticas oferecidas junto a pessoas que vivem com afasia. Os estudos sobre tais intervenções demonstram impactos positivos na qualidade de vida, participação social e funcionalidade da comunicação dessa população. São necessários esforços no sentido de trabalhar com a família e com a sociedade, bem como ampliar políticas públicas e oferecer serviços que promovam a inclusão social da pessoa com afasia.
Deriving regional pedotransfer functions to estimate soil bulk density in Austria
Authors: Foldal Cecilie , Jandl Robert , Bohner Andreas , Berger Ambros 
Published: June 2021

Summary
Soil bulk density is a required variable for quantifying stocks of elements in soils and is therefore instrumental for the evaluation of land-use related climate change mitigation measures. Our motivation was to derive a set of pedotransfer functions for soil bulk densities usable to accommodate different levels of data availabilities. We derived sets of linear equations for bulk density that are appropriate for different forms of land-use. After introducing uncertainty factors for measured parameters, we ran the linear models repeatedly in a Monte Carlo simulation in order to test the impact of inaccuracy. The reliability of the models was evaluated by a cross-validation. The single best predictor of soil bulk density is the content of soil organic carbon, yielding estimates with an adjusted R2 of approximately 0.5. A slight improvement of the estimate is possible when additionally, soil texture and soil depth are known. Residual analysis advocated the derivation of land-use specific models. Using transformed variables and assessing land-use specific pedotransfer functions, the determination coefficient (adjusted R2) of the multiple linear models ranged from 0.43 in cropland up to 0.65 for grassland soils. Compared to pedotransfer function, from the literature, the performance of the linear modes were similar but more accurate. Taking into account the likely inaccuracies when measuring soil organic carbon, the soil bulk density can be estimated with an accuracy of +/− 9 to 25% depending on land-use. We recommend measuring soil bulk density by standardized sampling of undisturbed soil cores, followed by post-processing of the samples in the lab by internationally harmonized protocols. Our pedotransfer functions are accurately and transparently presented, and derived from well-documented and high-quality soil data sets. We therefore consider them particularly useful in Austria, where the measured values for soil bulk densities are not available.
Some digenetic trematodes found in a loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) from Brazil
Authors: Cavaco B. , Madeira De Carvalho L. M. , Werneck M. R. 
Published: June 2021

Summary
This paper reports three recovered species of digeneans from an adult loggerhead sea turtle - Caretta caretta (Testudines, Cheloniidae) in Brazil. These trematodes include Diaschistorchis pandus (Pronocephalidae), Cymatocarpus solearis (Brachycoeliidae) and Rhytidodes gelatinosus (Rhytidodidae) The first two represent new geographic records. A list of helminths reported from the Neotropical region, Gulf of Mexico and USA (Florida) is presented.