bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upaya Peningkatan Kemampuan Menulis Laporan Karya Ilmiah Remaja melalui pendekatan kontekstual di SMA Manba’ul Ullum
Authors: Qoiriyah Waqidatul , Syam Syahriani 
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan menulis laporan karya ilmiah remaja dengan menerapkan pendekatan kontekstual di SMA Manba’ul Ullum. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas dengan dua siklus. Waktu penelitian berlangsung selama 3 bulan terhitung dari bulan September hingga November dengan sasaran 40 siswa. Terdapat dua jenis instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian yakni kuantitatif dan kualitatif.. Kuantitatif dilakukan melalui ujian akhir setelah siswa selesai mempresentasikan karya ilmiahnya., Sedangkan kualitatif dilakukan melalui observasi saat tindakan, wawancara, catatan lapanagan dan analisis dokumentasi. Observasi merupakan pengamatan yang dilakukan oleh observer dan penasehat. Catatan lapangan dilakukan oleh masing-masing peneliti, observer dan kepala sekolah (Sebagai supervisi).. Sebelum siklus nilai rata rata penulisan laporan 73, setelah diberikan tindakan (siklus 1) nilai rata rata penulisan laporan 78 namun peningkatan ini dirasa belum signifikan oleh peneliti, observer, dan kepala sekolah, maka dilakukan siklus kedua dan memperoleh nilai rata rata penulisan laporan 80,4. Dari data sebelumnya dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan pendekatan kontekstual berhasil dalam meningkatkan kemampuan siswa menulis laporan karya ilmiah remaja
Pengaruh Temperatur Pada Proses Pendegradasian Kain Poliester 100% Dengan Natrium Hidroksida (NaOH) Terhadap Derajat Putih (WHITENESS)
Authors: Darmojo Hardjito Sastro 
Published: March 2021

Pengaruh Temperatur pada proses Pendegradasian Kain Poliester 100% dengan Natrium Hidroksida (NaOH) Terhadap Derajat Putih ( Whitenees). Weight reduce atau pendegradasian adalah tahapan proses produksi yang bertujuan memodifikasi dan menutupi kekurangan dan meningkatkan mutu bahan tekstil kain poliester 100%. Kelebihan yang diharapkan yaitu kelangsaian kain, menaikkan wettability, moisture regain dan sifat antistatik, naiknya ketahanan pengelupasan, serta menaikkan kemampuan pelepasan kotoran dan minyak. Perubahan sifat fisika yang terjadi kain poliester awal menjadi kain sesuai yang di inginkan dengan perlakuan proses penembahan NaOH, yaitu berupa kehilangan berat, kekuatan, ketahanan abrasi, koefisien gesekan dan kekakuan, setelah dianalisis rata-rata kehilangan berat kain poliester 100% berkisar antara 5-25% pada proses temperatur 115°-135°C. Hubungan yang terjadi bersifat linear negatif antara perubahan temperatur dengan derajat putih. Tingkat kelinearan negatif yang terbentuk sesuai dengan koefisien korelasi sebesar -98.6 % dengan persamaan garis adalah Y= 89,594–0,173X. Artinya jika temperatur proses dinaikkan maka proses hidrolisis poliester akan semakin cepat dan hebat sehingga menyebabkan perubahan tekstur permukaan serat. Perubahan nilai derajat putih menjadi indikator telah berubahnya tekstur dan struktur permukaan serat karena reaksi hidrolisis poliester yang secara signifikan di pengaruhi faktor temperatur, tingkat kontribusi pengaruh temperatur terhadap perubahan derajat putih kain poliester adalah 97,2%. Kata kunci : Pengurangan Berat, Hidrolisis Poliester, Derajat Putih.
Rancangan Sistem E-Learning Mahasiswa Fakultas Teknik Universitas Islam Syekh Yusuf Tangerang
Authors: Windyasari Vina Septiana , Qoiriyah Waqidatul 
Published: March 2021

Pemanfaatan teknologi multimedia pada bidang pendidikan saat ini sangat penting digunakan sebagai metode pengajaran modern yang interaktif dan komunikatif karena dapat belajar dimana saja dan kapan saja. Penelitian ini bertujuan membantu sistem pengajaran yang lebih mudah dan khususnya dapat memotivasi mahasiswa di Fakultas Teknik Universitas Islam Syekh-Yusuf Tangerang, karena dapat dilakukan dimana saja, kapan saja dan juga dapat menggunakan seperti penggunaan media audio, audiovisual, maupun software komputer yang mampu meningkatkan mutu pembelajaran di dunia pendidikan baik secara kuantitas maupun kualitas. Aplikasi E-learning ini menggunakan Adobe Flash CS6 berbasis website, dengan metode pengembangan sistem menggunakan waterfall dan untuk mengidentifikasi masalah menggunakan analisa sistem PIECES (Performance, Information, Economy, Control, Efficency, Service). Analisis PIECES menghasilkan kelebihan dan kekurangan sistem lama yang dapat digunakan sebagai referensi pengambilan keputusan perancangan sistem informasi dan menghasilkan sistem pembelajaran yang dapat menjadi alternative pilihan belajar secara online. Rancangan sistem e-learning ini dapat memperkaya sistem e-learning yang sebelumnya, dan sistem ini dapat memberikan pelayanan yang lebih baik, yang secara langsung juga dapat memotivasi mahasiswa untuk tetap dapat melakukan tatap muka pembelajaran walaupun tidak berada di kelas, dan dapat membantu dosen juga mahasiswa pada pertemuan tatap muka yang kurang di kelas dapat dilakukan melalui sistem e-learning
Osmanlı Arşivi Kayıtları Işığında Kayseri’de Kolera (1893-1896)
Authors: ŞANAL Raziye , FEYİZ Fulya 
Published: March 2021

İnsanlık tarihi boyunca dünya üzerinde yaşayan toplulukları ve devletleri etkisi altına alan muhtelif salgın hastalıklar görülmüştür. Salgın, yaşandığı topraklara sosyo-ekonomik ve siyasi açılardan ağır darbeler vurmuştur. İnsanoğlunun karşılaştığı bu yıkıcı darbelere sebebiyet veren salgın hastalıkları veba, frengi, sıtma, cüzzam, çiçek ve tifüs olarak sıralamak mümkündür. Teknoloji ve hızlı ulaşımın etkisiyle salgınların etki alanı kısa sürede genişlemiştir.
XIX. yüzyılda ise dünyayı etkileyen salgın hastalıkların başında kolera gelmektedir. Hindistan merkezli ortaya çıkan bu salgın, kısa sürede etki alanını genişletmiştir. Nitekim söz konusu hastalık Osmanlı Devleti’ne de sirayet etmiştir. Devlet, XIX. yüzyılda sağlık konusunda yaptığı birtakım yeniliklerle salgını kontrol altına almaya çalışmıştır. Gerek Avrupa’dan getirilen yeni tıbbi makineler gerekse batı menşeili ihdas edilen kurumlar vasıtasıyla salgınla mücadele etmiştir. Bu çalışma, Osmanlı Devleti’nde yaşanan kolera salgınını Kayseri bağlamında ele almaktadır.
Anpassning eller autonomi
Authors: Arvidson Malin , Linde Stig , Roberto Scaramuzzino  
Published: March 2021

Internationella studier om villkoren för civila samhällets organisationer (CSO) belyser hur deras relation till offentlig sektor avgör karaktären på organisationernas utveckling. Den här artikeln bidrar till forskning inom området på två sätt. För det första utforskar studien svenska CSO som är verksamma inom det sociala området och hur deras relation till offentlig sektor påverkar deras utvärderingspraktik. Baserat på en enkätstudie riktad till CSO undersöker vi om organisationers granskning och utvärdering av den egna verksamheten kan ses som ett uttryck för institutionellt tryck, där relationen till offentlig sektor driver CSO:s utvärderingspraktik. Vikten av att uppmärksamma detta kommer ur antaganden att utvärderingsprinciper baserade på det offentligas logik, det vill säga kostnadseffektivitet, evidensbaserad praktik och konkurrensutsättning, kan hota organisationernas värdeintegritet; genom anpassning riskerar CSO att förlora särart och oberoende. För det andra bidrar studien till diskussioner som berör teoretiska antaganden att bidragsberoende, tvång på grund av kontraktsbaserade relationer eller ett verksamhetsområde präglat av lagstiftning påverkar organisationers strategier för avancerad utvärdering. Analysen stärker dock enbart antagandet om att närhet till lagstyrt verksamhetsområde präglar CSO:s utvärderingspraktik. Analysen stärker alltså inte antaganden om att resursberoende (med undantag för bidrag från landsting) och kontraktsbaserad relation påverkar CSO:s utvärderingsstrategier. Resultaten leder oss till att uppmärksamma hur relationer mellan offentligt och ideellt förstås utifrån ett historiskt perspektiv där just begreppet närhet kan rymma både instrumentella och inneboende värden. Den kunskapen är värdefull för vår förståelse av den svenska kontexten. Att studiens antaganden inte får stöd av analysen kan tolkas som ett uttryck för en relation mellan CSO och offentlig sektor som är präglad av ömsesidig förståelse, snarare än sådan maktasymmetri som följer resursberoende och avtalsbaserade relationer. Kunskapen är ett bidrag till forskningsdebatten om den institutionella kontextens påverkan på organisationer i fallet CSO, eftersom den uppmuntrar till en mer detaljerad bild av det institutionella tryckets dimensioner som består av både historiska och tidsbundna kontraktsbaserade relationer.
Ett förändrat vårdlandskap
Authors: Carlsson Eric 
Published: March 2021

Digitaliseringen av svensk sjukvård har debatterats mycket i Sverige de senaste åren. Syftet med artikeln är att undersöka hur e-hälsa som begrepp tillskrivs mening i svensk medicinsk fackpress samt analysera de konfliktlinjer som formar denna betydelsebildning. Genom diskursanalys av 328 artiklar i tidningarna Dagens Medicin och Läkartidningen har tre organiserade metaforer identifierats. Dessa är e-hälsa som tävling, e-hälsa och ekonomi samt marknadifiering av e-hälsa som ett etiskt problem. Artikeln synliggör med hjälp av diskursanalys dominerande sätt att förstå och gestalta den förändring av svensk sjukvård som digitaliseringen har fört med sig. Den visar att e-hälsa ses både som en stor möjlighet för vården och som ett stort problem genom att teknologin och avregleringen av vården leder till stora kostnader för skattebetalare samt riskerar att förändra vad det innebär att vara både vårdgivare och patient.
Visceral Leishmaniasis-HIV Coinfection as a Predictor of Increased Leishmania Transmission at the Village Level in Bihar, India
Authors: Cloots Kristien , Marino Pia , Burza Sakib , Gill Naresh , Boelaert Marleen , Hasker Epco 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundVisceral leishmaniasis (VL) is on the verge of being eliminated as a public health problem in the Indian subcontinent. Although Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is recognized as an important reservoir of transmission, we hypothesized that VL patients co-infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) may also be important reservoirs of sustained leishmania transmission. We therefore investigated to what extent cases of PKDL or VL-HIV are associated with VL incidence at the village level in Bihar, India.MethodsVL, VL-HIV, and PKDL case data from six districts within the highly VL-endemic state of Bihar, India were collected through the Kala-Azar Management Information System for the years 2014–2019. Multivariate analysis was done using negative binomial regression controlling for year as a fixed effect and block (subdistrict) as a random effect.FindingsPresence of VL-HIV+ and PKDL cases were both associated with a more than twofold increase in VL incidence at village level, with Incidence Rate Ratios (IRR) of 2.16 (95% CI 1.81–2.58) and 2.37 (95% CI 2.01–2.81) for VL-HIV+ and PKDL cases respectively. A sensitivity analysis showed the strength of the association to be similar in each of the six included subdistricts.ConclusionsThese findings indicate the importance of VL-HIV+ patients as infectious reservoirs for Leishmania, and suggest that they represent a threat equivalent to PKDL patients towards the VL elimination initiative on the Indian subcontinent, therefore warranting a similar focus.
Next-Generation Sequencing Reveals the Progression of COVID-19
Authors: Chen Xiaomin , Kang Yutong , Luo Jing , Pang Kun , Xu Xin , Wu Jinyu , Li Xiaokun , Jin Shengwei 
Published: March 2021

The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (causing the disease COVID-19) has caused a highly transmissible and ongoing pandemic worldwide. Due to its rapid development, next-generation sequencing plays vital roles in many aspects. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the origin and human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 based on NGS analysis. The ACE2 expression levels in various human tissues and relevant cells were compared to provide insights into the mechanism of SAS-CoV-2 infection. Gut microbiota dysbiosis observed by metagenome sequencing and the immunogenetics of COVID-19 patients according to single-cell sequencing analysis were also highlighted. Overall, the application of these sequencing techniques could be meaningful for finding novel intermediate SARS-CoV-2 hosts to block interspecies transmission. This information will further benefit SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic development and new therapeutic target discovery. The extensive application of NGS will provide powerful support for our fight against future public health emergencies.
Monitoring Mosquito-Borne Arbovirus in Various Insect Regions in China in 2018
Authors: Fang Yuan , Zhang Wei , Xue Jing-Bo , Zhang Yi 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundIncreases in global travel and trade are changing arbovirus distributions worldwide. Arboviruses can be introduced by travelers, migratory birds, or vectors transportedviainternational trade. Arbovirus surveillance in field-collected mosquitoes may provide early evidence for mosquito-borne disease transmission.MethodsDuring the seasons of high mosquito activity of 2018, 29,285 mosquitoes were sampled from seven sentinel sites in various insect regions. The mosquitoes were analyzed by RT-PCR for alphaviruses, flaviviruses, and orthobunyaviruses.ResultsWe detected three strains of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), five strains of Getah virus (GETV), and 45 strains of insect-specific flaviviruses including Aedes flavivirus (AeFV, 1), Chaoyang virus (CHAOV, 1), Culex flavivirus (CxFV, 17), Hanko virus (HANKV, 2), QuangBinh virus (QBV, 22), and Yunnan Culex flavivirus (YNCxFV, 2). Whole genomes of one strain each of GETV, CxFV, CHAOV, and AeFV were successfully amplified. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the new JEV strains detected in the Shanghai and Hubei Provinces belong to the GI-b strain and are phylogenetically close to the NX1889 strain (MT134112) isolated from a patient during a JE outbreak in Ningxia in 2018. GETVs were found in Inner Mongolia, Hubei, and Hainan and belonged to Group III. They were closely related to strains isolated from swine. HANKV was recorded for the first time in China and other ISFVs were newly detected at several sentinel sites. The bias-corrected maximum likelihood estimation value for JEV in Jinshan, Shanghai was 4.52/1,000 (range 0.80–14.64). Hence, there is a potential risk of a JEV epidemic in that region.ConclusionGI-b is the dominant circulating JEV genotype in nature and poses a health risk to animals and humans. The potential threat of widespread GETV distribution as a zoonosis is gradually increasing. The present study also disclosed the dispersion and host range of ISFVs. These findings highlight the importance of tracing the movements of the vectors and hosts of mosquito-borne pathogens in order to prevent and control arbovirus outbreaks in China.
Environmental Risk Factors and Congenital Heart Disease: An Umbrella Review of 165 Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses With More Than 120 Million Participants
Authors: Zhang Tie-Ning , Wu Qi-Jun , Liu Ya-Shu , Lv Jia-Le , Sun Hui , Chang Qing , Liu Chun-Feng , Zhao Yu-Hong 
Published: March 2021

Background: The etiology of congenital heart disease (CHD) has been extensively studied in the past decades. Therefore, it is critical to clarify clear hierarchies of evidence between types of environmental factors and CHD.Methods: Electronic searches in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane database were conducted from inception to April 20, 2020 for meta-analyses investigating the aforementioned topic.Results: Overall, 41 studies including a total of 165 meta-analyses of different environmental factors and CHD were examined, covering a wide range of risk factors. The summary random effects estimates were significant at P &lt; 0.05 in 63 meta-analyses (38%), and 15 associations (9%) were significant at P &lt; 10−6. Of these meta-analyses, eventually one risk factor (severe obesity; relative risk: 1.38, 95% confidence interval: 1.30–1.47) had significant summary associations at P &lt; 10−6, included more than 1,000 cases, had 95% prediction intervals excluding the null value, and were not suggestive of large heterogeneity (I2 &lt; 50%), small-study effects (P-value for Egger's test &gt; 0.10), or excess significance (P &gt; 0.10). Eight associations (5%) (including maternal lithium exposure, maternal obesity, maternal alcohol consumption, and maternal fever) had results that were significant at P &lt; 10−6, included more than 1,000 cases, and had 95% prediction intervals excluding the null value (highly suggestive).Conclusion: This umbrella review shows that many environmental factors have substantial evidence in relation to the risk of developing CHD. More and better-designed studies are needed to establish robust evidence between environmental factors and CHD.Systematic Review Registration: [PROSPERO], identifier [CRD42020193381].
Landslide Susceptibility Modeling Using a Hybrid Bivariate Statistical and Expert Consultation Approach in Canada Hill, Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Daniel Marelyn Telun , Ng Tham Fatt , Abdul Kadir Mohd. Farid , Pereira Joy Jacqueline 
Published: March 2021

Landslide susceptibility assessment was conducted in Canada Hill, Sarawak, Malaysia through a combined bivariate statistics and expert consultation approach using geographical information system, which captures landslide-conditioning parameters specific to the study area; to ensure its usefulness in practice. Over the past four decades, many landslide parameters and increasingly sophisticated statistical methods have been used in landslide research. However, the findings have had very limited use in practice as the actual ground conditions are not well represented. The weakness is due to poor quality of data in landslide inventories and inadequate understanding of landslide-conditioning parameters. In this study, bivariate statistical method was used in conjunction with an iterative process of expert consultation. Thirteen original landslide-conditioning parameters were narrowed down to six, with the addition of a unique parameter, planar failure potential, which was selected based on expert input. The parameter captures planar failure landslides, which has the highest impact in the study area, causing loss of lives and property destruction. The inaugural landslide susceptibility map for the study area has five classes; very low, low, moderate, high and very high susceptibility. All major planar failures and most smaller circular failures fall within the very high susceptibility class, with a success rate of 75.8%. The approach used in this study has improved the quality of the landslide inventory and delineated key conditioning parameters. The resultant map captures local conditions, which is useful for landslide management.
A Predictive Nomogram for Red Blood Cell Transfusion in Pheochromocytoma Surgery: A Study on Improving the Preoperative Management of Pheochromocytoma
Authors: Guo Ying , You Lili , Hu Huijun , Tong Anli , Zhang Xiaoyun , Yan Li , Zhang Shaoling 
Published: March 2021

PurposeSurgery is the major treatment option for pheochromocytoma but carries potential risks, including hemorrhage and hemodynamic instability. Even with laparoscopic adrenalectomy, intraoperative blood transfusion happens from time to time, but few studies have investigated risk factors. For the first time we develop and validate a nomogram for prediction of red blood cell transfusion in pheochromocytoma surgery.MethodsThere were 246 patients in our center and 56 patients in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, who underwent pheochromocytoma surgery, enrolled in the study. We incorporated clinical and radiological risk factors, and presented this with a nomogram. Lasso regression model was used for feature selection. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the odd ratios. The performance of the nomogram was assessed with respect to its discrimination, calibration and clinical usefulness.ResultsThirty-two features were reduced to five, which were phenoxybenzamine use, phenoxybenzamine treatment duration, preinduction heart rate, tumor diameter and surgical procedure. The model showed good discrimination (C-index, 0.857; 95% CI, 0.781–0.836) and application in the validation sets also gave good discrimination (internal validation: C-index, 0.831; 95% CI, 0.750–0.822; external validation: C-index, 0.924; 95% CI, 0.766–1.000). Calibration tested with the Hosmer-Lemeshow test yielded a good agreement between prediction and observation (training P=0.358; internal validation P=0.205; external validation P=0.395). Odd ratios of phenoxybenzamine use, phenoxybenzamine treatment duration, preinduction HR, tumor diameter and open surgery were 13.32 (95% CI, 1.48–197.38; P = 0.034), 1.04 (95% CI, 0.99–1.08; P = 0.092), 1.04 (95% CI, 1.01–1.08; P=0.006), 1.03 (95% CI, 1.02–1.06; P&lt;0.001), 17.13 (95% CI, 5.18–78.79; P&lt;0.001), respectively. Decision curve analysis demonstrated the clinical usefulness of the nomogram.ConclusionsThis study presents a nomogram that may be used to facilitate the prediction of red blood cell transfusion in pheochromocytoma surgery and help to do the preoperative management more efficiently.
Identification of a DNA Repair Gene Signature and Establishment of a Prognostic Nomogram Predicting Biochemical-Recurrence-Free Survival of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Long Gongwei , Ouyang Wei , Zhang Yucong , Sun Guoliang , Gan Jiahua , Hu Zhiquan , Li Heng 
Published: March 2021

Background: The incidence of prostate cancer (PCa) is high and increasing worldwide. The prognosis of PCa is relatively good, but it is important to identify the patients with a high risk of biochemical recurrence (BCR) so that additional treatment could be applied.Method: Level 3 mRNA expression and clinicopathological data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to serve as training data. The GSE84042 dataset was used as a validation set. Univariate Cox, lasso Cox, and stepwise multivariate Cox regression were applied to identify a DNA repair gene (DRG) signature. The performance of the DRG signature was assessed based on Kaplan–Meier curve, receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and Harrell’s concordance index (C-index). Furtherly, a prognostic nomogram was established and evaluated likewise.Results: A novel four DRG signature was established to predict BCR of PCa, which included POLM, NUDT15, AEN, and HELQ. The ROC and C index presented good performance in both training dataset and validation dataset. The patients were stratified by the signature into high- and low-risk groups with distinct BCR survival. Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that the DRG signature is an independent prognostic factor for PCa. Also, the DRG signature high-risk was related to a higher homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) score. The nomogram, incorporating the DRG signature and clinicopathological parameters, was able to predict the BCR with high efficiency and showed superior performance compared to models that consisted of only clinicopathological parameters.Conclusion: Our study identified a DRG signature and established a prognostic nomogram, which were reliable in predicting the BCR of PCa. This model could help with individualized treatment and medical decision making.