bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Assessment of Food Addiction and the Yale Food Addiction Scale in Bariatric Surgery Populations
Authors: Stanley Paul , O'Donovan Analise , Schwartz Jeffrey , Edwards-Hampton Shenelle 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFood addiction (FA) appears among bariatric weight loss surgery candidates who struggle to control the intake of hyperpalatable/refined foods have high rates of psychopathology and related health problems. Despite this, prevalence rates of FA in the bariatric sector are reported as low or variable. We investigated the prevalence of FA and the applicability of conventionally used metrics for 166 pre-surgery candidates from a weight management centre (USA) and a major metropolitan hospital (Australia). Self-report measures assessed FA (Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS)), body mass index (BMI), disordered eating, addictive personality, psychopathology, and diet. Consistent with prior research, standard YFAS scoring, requiring the endorsement of a distress/impairment (D/I) criterion (FA + D/I), yielded a FA prevalence rate of 12.7%, compared to 37.3% when D/I was omitted (FA − D/I). We compared profiles for those with FA using each scoring method against those ‘without’, who did not meet a minimum of three YFAS symptoms (non-FA ≤ 2). Both methods differentiated those with and without FA on addictive traits, disordered eating and hyperpalatable food consumption. Only FA + D/I differentiated markers of psychological distress or impairment, including depression, anxiety and quality of life. Results indicate a need for further FA research in bariatric settings.
The ‘Muting’ of the Stability and Growth Pact
Authors: ESTELLA Antonio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article proposes the “muting” of the SGP, the framework of rules that the EU has implemented since the coming into being of the European Monetary Union in the fiscal domain. It is argued herein that the system is far from being credible, from the perspective of the law-as-credibility paradigm. Therefore, the legal condition of the SGP should be “muted”. Three proposals to legally mute the SGP are examined in this article. The Open Method of Coordination is used as a useful model that could be followed from now on in the EU fiscal field. The gains in terms of legal credibility would argue in favour of the muting of the SGP and its correlative conversion into an OMC-like system.
Gender-Affirmation and Loving Attention
Authors: Hernandez E. M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this article I examine the moral dimensions of gender-affirmation. I argue that the moral value of gender-affirmation is rooted in what Iris Murdoch called loving attention. Loving attention is central to the moral value of gender-affirmation because such affirmation is otherwise too fragile or insincere to have such value. Moral reasons to engage in acts that gender-affirm derive from the commitment to give and express loving attention to trans people as a way of challenging their marginalization. In the latter part of the article, I will discuss how my arguments bear on recent arguments by Robin Dembroff and Daniel Wodak on the use of gender-neutral language (Dembroff and Wodak 2018). They argue that we have a duty not to use gender-specific pronouns for anyone. Their conclusion turns, in part, on a rejection of gender-affirmation as a moral duty. The value of gender-affirmation, rooted in our moral perception of trans people, should make us skeptical of this conclusion, in favor of a more nuanced and pluralistic approach to the ethics of gendering.
Is Testimonial Injustice Epistemic? Let Me Count the Ways
Authors: Almagro Holgado Manuel , Navarro Laespada Llanos , de Pinedo García Manuel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMiranda Fricker distinguishes two senses in which testimonial injustice is epistemic. In theprimarysense, it is epistemic because it harms the victim as a giver of knowledge. In thesecondarysense, it is epistemic, more narrowly, because it harms the victim as a possessor of knowledge. Her characterization of testimonial injustice has raised the following objection: testimonial injustice is not always anepistemicinjustice, in the narrow, secondary sense, as it does not always entail that the victim is harmed as a knowledge-possessor. By adopting a perspective based on Robert Brandom's normative expressivism, we respond to this objection by arguing that there is a close connection, conceptual and constitutive rather than merely causal, between the primary and the secondary epistemic harms of testimonial injustice, such that testimonial injustice always involves both kinds of epistemic harm. We do so by exploring the logic and functioning of belief and knowledge ascriptions in order to highlight three ways in which the secondary epistemic harm caused by testimonial injustice crystallizes: it undermines the epistemic agency of the victim, the epistemic friction necessary for knowledge, and the possibility of occupying particular epistemic nodes.
Grylloblattidan insects from Sperbersbach and Cabarz (Germany), two new early Permian and insect-rich localities
Authors: Cui Yingying , Brauner Stephan , Schneider Joerg W. , Béthoux Olivier 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNew fossil insect specimens from two new localities in Germany, namely Sperbersbach and Cabarz (Goldlauter Formation; early Permian), belonging to the Grylloblattida, are described. Abundant material is assigned to Pictoborella clara n. gen. n. sp., regarded as closely related to Pictoborella germanica (Prokop et al., 2012) n. comb., from the Saar-Nahe Basin (Germany; early Permian). Liomopterum fuscatum n. sp., represented by fewer specimens, is delimited based on previously published and new data on various Liomopterum spp. Two other Liomopteridae, Uralioma thuringiensis n. sp. and Liomopterites sperbersbachensis n. sp., each known from a single forewing, are also described. Finally, Cabarzopterum magnificus n. gen. n. sp., with unclear familial affinities, is described based on three forewings. The assemblages of grylloblattidan insects at Sperbersbach and Cabarz are generally similar, with differences probably related to different depositional environments and local paleoclimatic conditions.UUID: http://zoobank.org/25ae125c-6a17-415f-8cf0-4c0507e4f89d
Provenance and depositional history of the Mesozoic Sanjiang Basin (northeastern China): implications for the uplift history of the northeastern Asian continental margin
Authors: Luan Jin-Peng , Rosenbaum Gideon , Fu Jian-Fei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe uplift history of northeastern Asian continental margin has been the subject of much debate. The Sanjiang Basin is an ideal area to investigate the uplift history of this margin. We present new data from sandstone petrology, whole-rock geochemistry, U–Pb geochronology and Hf isotopy of detrital zircons to trace the provenance of the basin and to unravel the uplift history of the northeastern Asian continental margin. We investigated the chemical and plagioclase indices of alteration and index of compositional variability (CIA, PIA and ICV, respectively) in samples from two formations. The geochemical proxies indicate that source rocks were subjected to an intensified weathering process. Based on the high SiO2/Al2O3 values and low K2O, we infer that the two basinal strata experienced silicification and insignificant potassium metasomatism. Sandstone petrography is indicative of low degrees of sedimentary sorting, suggesting a proximal deposition. The provenance fingerprints of light rare earth, high-field-strength and transition metal elements indicate that parts of the provenance included recycled sediments, and that first-cycle sediments were derived mainly from felsic rocks with a minor contribution from intermediate and mafic rocks. The combined detrital zircon U–Pb ages and Hf isotopic results constrain the contributions of different source terranes over time. The provenance results, in combination with seismic profile interpretations from the Sanjiang Basin, suggest that the northeastern Asian continental margin experienced at least three stages of uplift, which were driven by subduction initiation of the Paleo-Pacific Ocean during the Jurassic Period, a plate motion change during the Early Cretaceous Epoch, and a shallowing of the slab dip angle during the Late Cretaceous Epoch.
Is there a bilingual disadvantage for word segmentation? A computational modeling approach
Authors: FIBLA Laia , SEBASTIAN-GALLES Nuria , CRISTIA Alejandrina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSince there are no systematic pauses delimiting words in speech, the problem of word segmentation is formidable even for monolingual infants. We use computational modeling to assess whether word segmentation is substantially harder in a bilingual than a monolingual setting. Seven algorithms representing different cognitive approaches to segmentation are applied to transcriptions of naturalistic input to young children, carefully processed to generate perfectly matched monolingual and bilingual corpora. We vary the overlap in phonology and lexicon experienced by modeling exposure to languages that are more similar (Catalan and Spanish) or more different (English and Spanish). We find that the greatest variation in performance is due to different segmentation algorithms and the second greatest to language, with bilingualism having effects that are smaller than both algorithm and language effects. Implications of these computational results for experimental and modeling approaches to language acquisition are discussed.
The effects of a sugar-sweetened beverage tax and a nutrient profiling tax based on Nutri-Score on consumer food purchases in a virtual supermarket: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Eykelenboom Michelle , Olthof Margreet R , van Stralen Maartje M , Djojosoeparto Sanne K , Poelman Maartje P , Kamphuis Carlijn BM , Vellinga Reina E , Waterlander Wilma E , Renders Carry M , Steenhuis Ingrid HM 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjective:To investigate the effects of a sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) tax and a nutrient profiling tax on consumer food purchases in a virtual supermarket.Design:A randomised controlled trial was conducted with a control condition with regular food prices (n 152), an SSB tax condition (n 130) and a nutrient profiling tax condition based on Nutri-Score (n 112). Participants completed a weekly grocery shop for their household. Primary outcome measures were SSB purchases (ordinal variable) and the overall healthiness of the total shopping basket (proportion of total unit food items classified as healthy). The secondary outcome measure was the energy (kcal) content of the total shopping basket. Data were analysed using regression analyses.Setting:Three-dimensional virtual supermarket.Participants:Dutch adults aged ≥18 years are being responsible for grocery shopping in their household (n 394).Results:The SSB tax (OR = 1·62, (95 % CI 1·03, 2·54)) and the nutrient profiling tax (OR = 1·88, (95 %CI 1·17, 3·02)) increased the likelihood of being in a lower-level category of SSB purchases. The overall healthiness of the total shopping basket was higher (+2·7 percent point, (95 % CI 0·1, 5·3)), and the energy content was lower (−3301 kcal, (95 % CI −6425, −177)) for participants in the nutrient profiling tax condition than for those in the control condition. The SSB tax did not affect the overall healthiness and energy content of the total shopping basket (P > 0·05).Conclusions:A nutrient profiling tax targeting a wide range of foods and beverages with a low nutritional quality seems to have larger beneficial effects on consumer food purchases than taxation of SSB alone.
The impact of attacks on urban services II: Reverberating effects of damage to water and wastewater systems on infectious disease
Authors: Talhami Michael , Zeitoun Mark 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article investigates the effects that attacks during armed conflict which damage water and wastewater services have on the outbreak and transmission of infectious disease. It employs a lens of uncertainty to assess the level of knowledge about the reverberations along this consequential chain and to discuss the relevance to military planning and targeting processes, and to the laws of armed conflict. It draws on data in policy reports and research from a wide variety of contexts, and evidence from protracted armed conflicts in Iraq, Yemen and Gaza. The review finds a strong base of evidence of the impact of attacks on water and wastewater services, and a high level of confidence in information about the transmission of infectious disease. One clear risk identified is when people are exposed to water supplies which are contaminated by untreated wastewater. Obtaining a similar level of confidence about the cause and effect along the full consequential chain is challenged by numerous compounding variables, though there are a number of patterns related to the duration of the armed conflict within which the attacks occur. As the conflict protracts, both the risk of the spread of infectious disease and the evidence base for gauging the reverberating effects becomes stronger, for example. The article concludes that the reverberating effects of damage from an attack can be foreseen in some contexts and can be expected to become more foreseeable over time. The analysis suggests that the most pragmatic path for military institutions and those involved in targeting operations to take this knowledge into account is through a “precautionary approach” which assumes the existence of the reverberating effects, and works them in to the standard information-gathering and planning processes.
Frequency Dependent Mantle Viscoelasticity via the Complex Viscosity: Cases From Antarctica
Authors: Lau H. C. P. , Austermann J. , Holtzman B. K. , Havlin C. , Lloyd A. J. , Book C. , Hopper E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractStudies of glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) often use paleoshorelines and present‐day deformation to constrain the viscosity of the mantle and the thickness of the elastic lithosphere. However, several studies focused on similar locations have resulted in different estimates of these physical properties. We argue that these different estimates infer apparent viscosities and apparent lithospheric elastic thicknesses, dependent on the timescale of deformation. We use recently derived relationships between these frequency dependent apparent quantities and the underlying thermodynamic conditions to produce predictions of viscoelastic properties and lithospheric thickness across a broad spectrum of geophysical timescales for two Antarctic locations (Amundsen Sea Embayment and the Antarctic Peninsula). Our predictions are constrained by input from seismic tomography, require the self‐consistent consideration of elastic, viscous, and transient rheological behavior and also include non‐linear steady state viscosity, which have been determined by several laboratories. We demonstrate that when the full spectrum of viscoelasticity is considered, lithospheric thickness displays a significant range across frequency and that transient creep may play an important role across the timescales relevant for the GIA studies we explore. We suggest that observational studies could move toward a framework of determining the frequency dependence of viscoelastic quantities—rather than single, frequency independent values of viscosity. There remains much work to accomplish this both theoretically and observationally, but the eventual result would provide deeper insight into the rheological behavior of Earth.
Vertical Profiles of Ozone Concentrations in the Lower Troposphere Downwind of New York City During LISTOS 2018–2019
Authors: Couillard Maxim H. , Schwab Margaret J. , Schwab James J. , Lu Cheng‐Hsuan (Sarah) , Joseph Everette , Stutsrim Brennan , Shrestha Bhupal , Zhang Jie , Knepp Travis N. , Gronoff Guillaume P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWhile surface concentrations of ozone are routinely monitored, ozone aloft is infrequently measured, but critical for a full understanding of ozone production and transport. In this study, twenty‐six balloon‐borne ozonesondes were launched near the north shore of central Long Island in the summers of 2018 and 2019 as part of the Long Island Sound Tropospheric Ozone Study (LISTOS). The observed vertical ozone profiles are presented and analyzed with additional data sources and modeling tools, including lidar wind profiles from the New York State Mesonet, back trajectories based on 3 km resolution high‐resolution rapid refresh model data, and surface data, aircraft observations, sonde, and ozone lidar measurements from other LISTOS participants. Special attention is given to the region of interest for ozone pollution in the lower troposphere, from the surface to 2 km altitude. Cases analyzed in detail illustrate events with high ozone levels observed in the lower troposphere, often with pronounced vertical structure in the profile. Specifically, easily discernible layers are identified with ozone excursions of up to 40 ppb over short vertical distances. Analysis indicates that synoptic and local meteorological processes can combine to generate the observed vertical profiles. Hot, sunny days with high‐pressure systems are accompanied by high precursor emissions due to increased power demands, plentiful radiation for photochemistry, and stagnation of synoptic winds. Under these conditions, meso‐ and smaller‐scale flows like low‐level jets and sea/bay/land breeze circulations may dominate synoptic flow to produce shearing and the complex vertical layered structure observed.
Serum exosomes from diabetic kidney disease patients promote pyroptosis and oxidative stress through the miR-4449/HIC1 pathway
Authors: Gao Chan , Wang Benyong , Chen Qi , Wang Ming , Fei Xiao , Zhao Ning 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major contributor to end-stage renal disease. Several microRNAs (miRNAs) have been found to be enriched in exosomes of DKD patients, but it remains unclear if any of these miRNAs play an important role in the pathogenesis of DKD.

Methods
Exosomes from diabetic kidney disease (DKD) patients were isolated, and the expression of miR-4449 was measured by qRT-PCR. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined by DCDFA assay kit, and pyroptosis was measured by quantifying the level of activated caspase 1. mRNA and protein levels were quantified by qRT-PCR and WB.

Results
In this study, we demonstrated that miR-4449 is enriched in the serum exosomes of DKD patients, and these exosomes regulate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, ROS levels, and pyroptosis through miR-4449.

Conclusions
Our study uncovered a novel mechanism for the progression of DKD that is mediated through miR-4449 in serum exosomes, which highlights an important role for exosomes in the pathogenesis of DKD.
Intraoperative neural signals predict rapid antidepressant effects of deep brain stimulation
Authors: Sendi Mohammad S. E. , Waters Allison C. , Tiruvadi Vineet , Riva-Posse Patricio , Crowell Andrea , Isbaine Faical , Gale John T. , Choi Ki Sueng , Gross Robert E. , S. Mayberg Helen , Mahmoudi Babak 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDeep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subcallosal cingulate (SCC) is a promising intervention for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Despite the failure of a clinical trial, multiple case series have described encouraging results, especially with the introduction of improved surgical protocols. Recent evidence further suggests that tractography targeting and intraoperative exposure to stimulation enhances early antidepressant effects that further evolve with ongoing chronic DBS. Accelerating treatment gains is critical to the care of this at-risk population, and identification of intraoperative electrophysiological biomarkers of early antidepressant effects will help guide future treatment protocols. Eight patients underwent intraoperative electrophysiological recording when bilateral DBS leads were implanted in the SCC using a connectomic approach at the site previously shown to optimize 6-month treatment outcomes. A machine learning classification method was used to discriminate between intracranial local field potentials (LFPs) recorded at baseline (stimulation-naïve) and after the first exposure to SCC DBS during surgical procedures. Spectral inputs (theta, 4–8 Hz; alpha, 9–12 Hz; beta, 13–30 Hz) to the model were then evaluated for importance to classifier success and tested as predictors of the antidepressant response. A decline in depression scores by 45.6% was observed after 1 week and this early antidepressant response correlated with a decrease in SCC LFP beta power, which most contributed to classifier success. Intraoperative exposure to therapeutic stimulation may result in an acute decrease in symptoms of depression following SCC DBS surgery. The correlation of symptom improvement with an intraoperative reduction in SCC beta power suggests this electrophysiological finding as a biomarker for treatment optimization.
Switched Aβ43 generation in familial Alzheimer’s disease with presenilin 1 mutation
Authors: Kakuda Nobuto , Takami Mako , Okochi Masayasu , Kasuga Kensaku , Ihara Yasuo , Ikeuchi Takeshi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPresenilin (PS) with a genetic mutation generates abundant β-amyloid protein (Aβ) 43. Senile plaques are formed by Aβ43 in the cerebral parenchyma together with Aβ42 at middle ages. These brains cause the early onset of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which is known as familial Alzheimer’s disease (FAD). Based on the stepwise processing model of Aβ generation by γ-secretase, we reassessed the levels of Aβs in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of FAD participants. While low levels of Aβ38, Aβ40, and Aβ42 were generated in the CSF of FAD participants, the levels of Aβ43 were unchanged in some of them compared with other participants. We sought to investigate why the level of Aβ43 was unchanged in FAD participants. These characteristics of Aβ generation were observed in the γ-secretase assay in vitro using cells, which express FAD mutations in PS1. Aβ38 and Aβ40 generation from their precursors, Aβ42 and Aβ43, was decreased in PS1 mutants compared with wild-type (WT) PS1, as observed in the CSF. Both the ratios of Aβ38/Aβ42 and Aβ40/Aβ43 in PS1 mutants were lower than those in the WT. However, the ratio of Aβ43/amyloid precursor protein intracellular domain (AICD) increased in the PS1 mutants in an onset age dependency, while other Aβ/AICD ratios were decreased or unchanged. Importantly, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry found that the generation of Aβ43 was stimulated from Aβ48 in PS1 mutants. This result indicates that PS1 mutants switched the Aβ43 generating line, which reflects the level of Aβ43 in the CSF and forming senile plaques.