bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biochemical Stress Markers, Antioxidants, and Infectious Wound-Healing Potential of UV Irradiation and Salt Stress Effects on the Pre-Treated Seed of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia L.)
Authors: Abbas Mazhar , Sharif Sumaira , Baig Ibrahim Salam , Anjum Rimsha , Riaz Muhammad , Rafique Muhammad Kamran , Rahman Abdur , Nazish Nadia , Al-Mijalli Samiah H. , Iqbal Munawar 
Published: October 2021

Purpose The secondary metabolites in plants are the basis of defense and stress balance, which is an important aspect in plant growth. The UV-B treatment (a biotic stress) and salt stress on bitter melon ( Momordica charantia L.) were studied, and the impact of pre-sowing seed treatment was evaluated on the basis of biochemical and enzymatic biomarkers, antioxidants, and wound-healing potential during early growth stages. Methods The UV-B treatment for 5 and 10 min and salt stress 250 mM and 500 mM treatments were applied, and 21-day seedling tissue were collected for total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), antioxidant, chlorophyll contents, hydrogen peroxide, total soluble sugar, enzymes activities, and wound-healing potential studies. Results The TPC, TFC, diphenyl picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), chlorophyll contents, and total soluble sugar were recorded higher at 5 min treatment with UV-B and salt stress at 250 mM concentration. Antioxidant enzymes activities were recorded higher for 10 min UV-B treatment and 500 mM salt treatment. Wound-healing potential was found significant at 5 min treatment with UV-B radiation, which was studied in vivo in rabbits. The LC-MS analysis revealed a variety of phenolic compounds in the seedlings. Conclusion The study concluded that treatments significantly affect the biological activities of bitter melon seeds at the seedling stage, and the seeds contain important phenolic compounds responsible for its antioxidant potential and enzymatic activities. Future studies could be focused on the later stages of growth, development, and yield characteristics subjected to salt stress along with UV-B radiation treatment.
Steroids plus antiviral agents are more effective than steroids alone in the treatment of severe Bell’s palsy patients over 40 years of age
Authors: Kim Yong , Doo Jeon Gang , Chon Jinmann , Lee Jong Ha , Jung Junyang , Lee Jae Min , Kim Sang Hoon , Yeo Seung Geun 
Published: October 2021

Objective The effectiveness of the combination of steroids and antiviral agents in the treatment of Bell’s palsy remains unclear. This study evaluated the therapeutic effect of combination therapy in severe Bell’s palsy patients and assesses specific conditions under which combination therapy is more effective than steroids alone. Methods From January 2005 to December 2019, the records of 1710 Bell’s palsy patients who visited Kyung Hee University Hospital were reviewed retrospectively. Of these, 335 (19.6%) patients were diagnosed with severe Bell’s palsy, with 162 patients treated with steroids alone and 173 patients treated with combinations of steroids and antiviral agents. The outcomes of treatment were assessed using the House–Brackmann (H-B) grade according to age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. Results The favorable recovery rate was significantly higher in severe Bell’s palsy patients who were treated with combinations of steroids and antiviral agents than with steroids alone (78.0% vs. 66.7%, p = 0.020). Subgroup analysis showed that combination therapy resulted in significantly higher recovery rates than steroids alone in patients aged ≥40 years (77.5% vs. 64.1%, p = 0.023) and in those without hypertension (75.8% vs. 63.3%, p = 0.044) and diabetes (79.7% vs. 65.5%, p = 0.007). Conclusion Combination therapy with steroids and antiviral agents resulted in significantly higher favorable recovery rates than steroids alone in severe Bell’s palsy patients. Combination therapy was particularly more effective than steroids alone in patients aged ≥40 years and in patients without hypertension and diabetes.
Estradiol attenuates LPS-induced acute lung injury via induction of aquaporins AQP1 and AQP5
Authors: Wang Xiaobo , Zhou Xiuyun , Xia Xiumei , Zhang Yili 
Published: October 2021

Background Acute lung injury (ALI) is associated with increased inflammation and oxidative stress. Estradiol is produced by the ovaries and is the most active hormone of estrogen. Our aim was to investigate whether estradiol contributes to protect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI via induction of aquaporins AQP1 and AQP5 and the underlying mechanisms. Methods and results For induction of ALI, LPS was applied once by intraperitoneal injection in SD rats 14 days after oophorectomy. To assess the therapeutic effects of estradiol on LPS-induced ALI, estradiol was subcutaneously injected for 1 h prior to LPS challenge. Estradiol can significantly attenuate the lung edema reflected by decreasing wet-to-dry weight ratio and permeability of lung and total protein concentration of bronchial lavage fluid (BALF). Results of histological detection showed that estradiol attenuated the lung injury reflected by reducing edema, congestion, and thickening pulmonary septal of lung tissues. In addition, estradiol attenuated TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and oxidative stress in lung tissues. Estradiol was more effective than estradiol associated with ERα antagonist or ERβ antagonist in protecting against LPS-induced ALI in rats. Mechanistically, we investigate whether estradiol regulates the expression of AQP1 and AQP5 in lung tissues. Of interest, estradiol upregulates AQP1 and AQP5 mRNA and protein expression. Taken together, these results demonstrate that estradiol can increase the expression of AQP1 and AQP5, which plays a critical role in ameliorating oxidative stress and downregulating inflammatory responses induced by LPS.Conclusion Therefore, these findings strongly suggest that AQP1 and AQP5 mediate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of estradiol.
Awareness and Use of the Sickle Cell Disease Toolbox by Primary Care Providers in North Carolina
Authors: Ibemere Stephanie O. , Tanabe Paula , Bonnabeau Emily , Rains Gary , Eason Kern , Earls Marian F. , Shah Nirmish 
Published: October 2021

Background Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a complex chronic blood disorder characterized by severe disease complications ideally managed by both hematologists and primary care providers (PCP’s). PCP’s report knowledge gaps and discomfort with SCD management. Our team developed and a decision support tool for SCD management (SCD Toolbox) based on the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s SCD guidelines. We surveyed PCPs in North Carolina (NC) prior to formal dissemination to determine current co-management practices, assess toolbox acceptability, use, format preferences, and understand which algorithms would be most helpful. Method A 23-item baseline needs assessment survey was disseminated to PCPs throughout NC. Results A total of 63 medical providers responded to the survey and of these respondents, 64% reported caring for 1 to 10 patients with SCD. Only 39% of PCPs reported regular communication with an SCD specialist. Providers reported the highest level of awareness of the pediatric and adult health maintenance tools (41% and 39% respectively) and highest use of the pediatric (26%) and adult (28%) health maintenance tools. Respondents also expressed a desire to have access to multiple toolbox formats (37%) (website, mobile app and/or paper). Limitations The use of a convenience sample and low survey response are study limitations which hinder generalizability. Conclusions PCPs rarely co-managed with a specialist, had low awareness and use of SCD toolbox, and requested multiple formats for the toolbox.
Early detection of WT1 measurable residual disease identifies high-risk patients, independent of transplantation in AML
Authors: Lambert Juliette , Lambert Jerome , Thomas Xavier , Marceau-Renaut Alice , Micol Jean-Baptiste , Renneville Aline , Clappier Emmanuelle , Hayette Sandrine , Récher Christian , Raffoux Emmanuel , Pigneux Arnaud , Berthon Celine , Terré Christine , Celli-Lebras Karine , Castaigne Sylvie , Boissel Nicolas , Rousselot Philippe , Preudhomme Claude , Dombret Hervé , Duployez Nicolas 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
WT1 overexpression is frequently identified in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and has been reported to be a potential marker for monitoring measurable residual disease (MRD). We evaluated the use of postinduction WT1 MRD level as a prognostic factor, as well as the interaction between postinduction WT1 MRD response and the effect of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) in the first complete remission (CR). In the ALFA-0702 trial, patients with AML, aged 18 to 59, had a prospective quantification of WT1 MRD. The occurrence of a WT1 MRD ratio &gt;2.5% in bone marrow or &gt;0.5% in peripheral blood was defined as MRDhigh, and ratios below these thresholds were defined as MRDlow. The prognostic value of MRD after induction chemotherapy was assessed in 314 patients in first CR by comparing the risk of relapse, the relapse-free survival (RFS), and the overall survival (OS). Interaction between MRD response and the allo-SCT effect was evaluated in patients by comparing the influence of allo-SCT on the outcomes of patients with MRDhigh with those with MRDlow. The results showed that patients with MRDhigh after induction had a higher risk of relapse and a shorter RFS and OS. The MRD response remained of strong prognostic value in the subset of 225 patients with intermediate-/unfavorable-risk AML who were eligible for allo-SCT, because patients with MRDhigh had a significantly higher risk of relapse resulting in worse RFS and OS. The effect of allo-SCT was higher in patients with MRDlow than in those with MRDhigh, but not significantly different. The early WT1 MRD response highlights a population of high-risk patients in need of additional therapy.
Metabolic adaptation drives arsenic trioxide resistance in acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: Balasundaram Nithya , Ganesan Saravanan , Chendamarai Ezhilarasi , Palani Hamenth Kumar , Venkatraman Arvind , Alex Ansu Abu , David Sachin , Kumar Swathy Palani , Radhakrishnan Nair Reeshma , Yasar Mohammed , Krishna Sanjeev , Korula Anu , Kulkarni Uday , Janet Nancy Beryl , Balasubramanian Poonkuzhali , Mathews Vikram 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Acquired genetic mutations can confer resistance to arsenic trioxide (ATO) in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). However, such resistance-conferring mutations are rare and do not explain most disease recurrence seen in the clinic. We have generated stable ATO-resistant promyelocytic cell lines that are less sensitive to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and the combination of ATO and ATRA compared with the sensitive cell line. Characterization of these resistant cell lines that were generated in-house showed significant differences in immunophenotype, drug transporter expression, anti-apoptotic protein dependence, and promyelocytic leukemia-retinoic acid receptor alpha (PML-RARA) mutation. Gene expression profiling revealed prominent dysregulation of the cellular metabolic pathways in these ATO-resistant APL cell lines. Glycolytic inhibition by 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) was sufficient and comparable to the standard of care (ATO) in targeting the sensitive APL cell line. 2-DG was also effective in the in vivo transplantable APL mouse model; however, it did not affect the ATO-resistant cell lines. In contrast, the resistant cell lines were significantly affected by compounds targeting mitochondrial respiration when combined with ATO, irrespective of the ATO resistance-conferring genetic mutations or the pattern of their anti-apoptotic protein dependency. Our data demonstrate that combining mitocans with ATO can overcome ATO resistance. We also show that this combination has potential for treating non-M3 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and relapsed APL. The translation of this approach in the clinic needs to be explored further.
Frequent mutations of FBXO11 highlight BCL6 as a therapeutic target in Burkitt lymphoma
Authors: Pighi Chiara , Cheong Taek-Chin , Compagno Mara , Patrucco Enrico , Arigoni Maddalena , Olivero Martina , Wang Qi , López Cristina , Bernhart Stephan H. , Grande Bruno M. , Poggio Teresa , Langellotto Fernanda , Bonello Lisa , Dall’Olio Riccardo , Martínez-Martín Sandra , Molinaro Luca , Francia di Celle Paola , Whitfield Jonathan R. , Soucek Laura , Voena Claudia , Calogero Raffaele A. , Morin Ryan D. , Staudt Louis M. , Siebert Reiner , Zamò Alberto , Chiarle Roberto 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The expression of BCL6 in B-cell lymphoma can be deregulated by chromosomal translocations, somatic mutations in the promoter regulatory regions, or reduced proteasome-mediated degradation. FBXO11 was recently identified as a ubiquitin ligase that is involved in the degradation of BCL6, and it is frequently inactivated in lymphoma or other tumors. Here, we show that FBXO11 mutations are found in 23% of patients with Burkitt lymphoma (BL). FBXO11 mutations impaired BCL6 degradation, and the deletion of FBXO11 protein completely stabilized BCL6 levels in human BL cell lines. Conditional deletion of 1 or 2 copies of the FBXO11 gene in mice cooperated with oncogenic MYC and accelerated B-cell lymphoma onset, providing experimental evidence that FBXO11 is a haploinsufficient oncosuppressor in B-cell lymphoma. In wild-type and FBXO11-deficient BL mouse and human cell lines, targeting BCL6 via specific degraders or inhibitors partially impaired lymphoma growth in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of MYC by the Omomyc mini-protein blocked cell proliferation and increased apoptosis, effects further increased by combined BCL6 targeting. Thus, by validating the functional role of FBXO11 mutations in BL, we further highlight the key role of BCL6 in BL biology and provide evidence that innovative therapeutic approaches, such as BCL6 degraders and direct MYC inhibition, could be exploited as a targeted therapy for BL.
Urban mosquitoes and filamentous green algae: their biomonitoring role in heavy metal pollution in open drainage channels in Nairobi industrial area, Kenya
Authors: Kinuthia Geoffrey Kariuki , Ngure Veronica , Kamau Luna 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Industrial wastewater is a human health hazard upon exposure. Aquatic organisms in contaminated wastewater may accumulate the toxic elements with time. Human population living in informal settlements in Nairobi industrial area risk exposure to such toxic elements. Biomonitoring using aquatic organisms in open drainage channels can be key in metal exposure assessment. Levels of Mercury (Hg), Lead (Pb), Chromium (Cr), Cadmium (Cd), Thallium (Tl), and Nickel (Ni) were established in samples of wastewater, filamentous green algae (Spirogyra) and mosquitoes obtained from open drainage channels in Nairobi industrial area, Kenya.

Results
Pb, Cr, & Ni levels ranged from 3.08 to 15.31 µg/l while Tl, Hg, & Cd ranged from 0.05 to 0.12 µg/l in wastewater. The Pb, Cr, Ni, & Cd levels were above WHO, Kenya & US EPA limits for wastewater but Hg was not. Pb, Cr, Tl, & Ni levels in assorted field mosquitoes were 1.3–2.4 times higher than in assorted laboratory-reared mosquitoes. Hg & Cd concentrations in laboratory-reared mosquitoes (0.26 mg/kg & 1.8 mg/kg respectively) were higher than in field mosquitoes (0.048 mg/kg & 0.12 mg/kg respectively). The levels of Pb, Cr, & Ni were distinctively higher in field mosquito samples than in wastewater samples from the same site. Pb, Cr, Ni, Cd & Hg levels in green filamentous Spirogyra algae were 110.62, 29.75, 14.45, 0.44, & 0.057 mg/kg respectively. Correlation for Pb & Hg (r (2) = 0.957; P < 0.05); Cd & Cr (r (2) = 0.985; P < 0.05) in algae samples was noted. The metal concentrations in the samples analyzed were highest in filamentous green algae and least in wastewater.

Conclusion
Wastewater, mosquitoes, and filamentous green algae from open drainage channels and immediate vicinity, in Nairobi industrial area (Kenya) contained Hg, Pb, Cr, Cd, Tl, and Ni. Mosquitoes in urban areas and filamentous green algae in open drainage channels can play a role of metal biomonitoring in wastewater. The potential of urban mosquitoes transferring heavy metals to human population from the contaminated wastewater should be investigated.
Ecology impacts the decrease of Spirochaetes and Prevotella in the fecal gut microbiota of urban humans
Authors: Thingholm Louise B. , Bang Corinna , Rühlemann Malte C. , Starke Annika , Sicks Florian , Kaspari Verena , Jandowsky Anabell , Frölich Kai , Ismer Gabriele , Bernhard Andreas , Bombis Claudia , Struve Barbara , Rausch Philipp , Franke Andre 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCompared to the huge microbial diversity in most mammals, human gut microbiomes have lost diversity while becoming specialized for animal-based diets – especially compared to chimps, their genetically closest ancestors. The lowered microbial diversity within the gut of westernized populations has also been associated with different kinds of chronic inflammatory diseases in humans. To further deepen our knowledge on phylogenetic and ecologic impacts on human health and fitness, we established the herein presented biobank as well as its comprehensive microbiota analysis. In total, 368 stool samples from 38 different animal species, including Homo sapiens, belonging to four diverse mammalian orders were collected at seven different locations and analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Comprehensive data analysis was performed to (i) determine the overall impact of host phylogeny vs. diet, location, and ecology and to (ii) examine the general pattern of fecal bacterial diversity across captive mammals and humans.By using a controlled study design with captive mammals we could verify that host phylogeny is the most dominant driver of mammalian gut microbiota composition. However, the effect of ecology appears to be able to overcome host phylogeny and should therefore be studied in more detail in future studies. Most importantly, our study could observe a remarkable decrease of Spirochaetes and Prevotella in westernized humans and platyrrhines, which is probably not only due to diet, but also to the social behavior and structure in these communities.Our study highlights the importance of phylogenetic relationship and ecology within the evolution of mammalian fecal microbiota composition. Particularly, the observed decrease of Spirochaetes and Prevotella in westernized communities might be associated to lifestyle dependent rapid evolutionary changes, potentially involved in the establishment of dysbiotic microbiomes, which promote the etiology of chronic diseases.
Practices and perspectives of primary care physicians in Japan and the United States about diagnosing dementia: a qualitative study
Authors: Abe M. , Tsunawaki S. , Dejonckheere M. , Cigolle C. T. , Phillips K. , Rubinstein E. B. , Matsuda M. , Fetters M. D. , Inoue M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
While dementia is a common problem in Japan and the US, primary care physicians' practices and perspectives about diagnosing dementia in these different healthcare systems are unknown.

Methods
Qualitative research was conducted in an ethnographic tradition using semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis in primary care settings across Japan and in the Midwest State of Michigan, US. Participants were a total of 48 primary care physicians, 24 each from Japan and the US participated. Both groups contained a mixture of geographic areas (rural/urban), gender, age, and years of experience as primary care physicians.

Results
Participants in Japan and the US voiced similar practices for making the diagnosis of dementia and held similar views about the desired benefits of diagnosing dementia. Differences were found in attitudes about the appropriate timing of formally diagnosing dementia. Japanese physicians tended to make a formal diagnosis when problems that would benefit from long-term care services emerged for family members. US physicians were more proactive in diagnosing dementia in the early stages by screening for dementia in health check-ups and promoting advance directives when the patients were still capable of decision-making. Views about appropriate timing of diagnostic testing for dementia in the two systems reflect what medical or nursing care services physicians can use to support dementia patients and caregivers.

Conclusions
Benefits of making the diagnosis included the need to activate the long-term care services in Japan and for early intervention and authoring advance directives in the US. Testing to establish an early diagnosis of dementia by primary care physicians only partly relates to testing and treatment options available. Benefits of making the diagnosis included the need to activate the long-term care services in Japan and for early intervention and authoring advance directives in the US.
The resurgence of yellow fever outbreaks in Nigeria: a 2-year review 2017–2019
Authors: Nomhwange Terna , Jean Baptiste Anne Eudes , Ezebilo Obi , Oteri Joseph , Olajide Lois , Emelife Kizito , Hassan Shehu , Nomhwange Erdoo R. , Adejoh Kennedy , Ireye Faith , Nora Eyo E. , Ningi Adamu , Bathondeli Blaise , Tomori Oyewale 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Yellow fever outbreaks are documented to have a considerable impact not only on the individuals but on the health system with significant economic implications. Efforts to eliminate yellow fever outbreaks globally through the EYE strategy remains important following outbreaks in Africa, Nigeria included. The outbreaks reported in Nigeria, since 2017 and the response efforts provide an opportunity to document and guide interventions for improving future outbreaks in Nigeria and other countries in Africa.

Methods
We reviewed the available yellow fever surveillance and vaccination response data between September 2017 and September 2019 across the 36 states across Nigeria. We described the epidemiology of the difference outbreaks and the periods for all interventions. We also documented the emergency vaccination responses as well as preventive mass vaccinations implemented towards improving population immunity and limiting epidemic potentials in Nigeria.

Results
A total of 7894 suspected cases with 287 laboratory-confirmed cases were reported in Nigeria between September 2017 and September 2019 with a mean age of 19 years and a case fatality of 2.7% amongst all reported cases. Outbreaks were confirmed in 55 LGAs with most of the outbreaks across four major epicentres in Kwara/Kogi, Edo, Ebonyi and Bauchi states. In response to these outbreaks, eight reactive vaccination campaigns, supported through ICG applications, were implemented. The duration for responding to the outbreaks ranged from 15 to 132 days (average 68 days) and a total of 45,648,243 persons aged < 45 years vaccinated through reactive and preventive mass campaigns between September 2017 and September 2019.

Conclusions
Nigeria experienced intermediate outbreaks of yellow fever between September 2017 and 2019 with vaccination responses conducted to control these outbreaks. However, there are delays in the timeliness of responses and more efforts required in improving reporting, response times and preparedness to further prevent morbidity and mortality from the yellow fever disease outbreaks. These efforts, including improving routine yellow fever coverage, contribute towards improving population immunity and other activities related to achieving the goals of the EYE strategy.