bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic significance of galectin‐3 expression in patients with resected NSCLC treated with platinum‐based adjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Kusuhara Seiichiro , Igawa Satoshi , Ichinoe Masaaki , Nagashio Ryo , Kuchitsu Yuki , Hiyoshi Yasuhiro , Shiomi Kazu , Murakumo Yoshiki , Saegusa Makoto , Satoh Yukitoshi , Sato Yuichi , Naoki Katsuhiko 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundGalectin‐3 (GAL3), a protein encoded by the LGALS3 gene, plays diverse roles in cancer initiation, progression, and drug resistance. Accordingly, high GAL3 expression in tumor cells is associated with poor prognosis in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the prognostic impact of GAL3 expression on patients with resected NSCLC receiving platinum‐based adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) remains unclear.This study aimed to determine the prognostic significance of GAL3 expression in NSCLC patients receiving platinum‐based AC.MethodsThe study included 111 patients with completely resected stages II and IIIA NSCLC who were receiving platinum‐based AC. GAL3 expression in cancer cells was evaluated immunohistochemically according to H‐score (“histo score), with a score of ≥170 considered as high expression. The correlation of GAL3 expression with clinicopathological characteristics and survival was subsequently evaluated.ResultsIn survival analysis, GAL3 expression was significantly associated with recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). In multivariate analysis, GAL3 expression was an independent predictive factor of RFS rather than OS.ConclusionsGAL3 expression is a reliable biomarker to predict the prognosis of completely resected NSCLC patients receiving platinum‐based AC.
Clinical significance of intrapulmonary lymph node dissection in pathological stage IA non‐small cell lung cancer: A propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Sun Yungang , Zhang Qiang , Wang Zhao , Shao Feng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the prognostic impact of intrapulmonary lymph node (ILN, stations 13–14) dissection on disease‐free survival (DFS) in stage IA non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients in order to facilitate a more suitable determination of surgical strategies for early‐stage cases.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 416 patients with pathological stage IA NSCLC from February 2016 to November 2019. The patients were divided into a group with ILN dissection (ILND+ group) and a group without ILN dissection (ILND‐ group). DFS was compared using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared statistically using the log‐rank test before and after propensity score matching (PSM). Subgroup analysis of DFS stratified based on tumor size was also calculated.ResultsBoth before and after PSM, the four‐year DFS of the ILND+ group was greatly increased compared to that of ILND‐ group (90.1% vs. 79.7%, p = 0.003; 95.5% vs. 80.6%, p = 0.003, respectively) and multivariable cox regression analysis revealed ILN dissection was an independent factor favoring DFS in stage IA NSCLC (p = 0.016 and p = 0.015, respectively). Subgroup analysis revealed the four‐year DFS was comparable between the ILN D+ and ILND‐ groups with regard to tumor size ≤1.5 cm (90.6% vs. 92.7%, p = 0.715). However, the ILN D+ group was found to have a better oncological outcome compared with the ILND‐ group with regard to tumor size >1.5 cm (90.0% vs. 73.8%, p = 0.003).ConclusionsThe prognostic impact of ILN dissection on patients with stage IA NSCLC appears to be significantly influenced by tumor size, and this should be taken into account when choosing the most appropriate therapeutic modality.
Influence of dental crown topography on fracture resistance of premolars with MOD preparation and subjected to different restorative protocols
Authors: de Mesquita Carulina Bueno , Melara Rafael , Luisi Simone Bonato , Burnett Luiz Henrique , de Melo Tiago André Fontoura 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTo evaluate whether dental crown topography influences the fracture resistance of premolars treated endodontically and with MOD preparation subjected to different restorative protocols. Sixty‐four human premolars with one or two roots in equal numerical proportions (n) were selected and randomly divided into four groups (n = 8): (S = single‐rooted; D = double‐rooted) SS: sound single‐rooted; SNR: endodontics (E) + MOD cavity preparation; SR: E + MOD + resin restoration (RS); SP: E + MOD + RS + horizontal zirconia post (ZP); DS: sound double‐rooted; DNR: E + MOD; DR: E + MOD + RS; and DP: E + MOD + RS + ZP. After allocation to the groups, the samples were thermocycled and then subjected to the fracture resistance test. Failures after the fracture test were classified as irreparable (with pulp floor fracture) or reparable (without pulp floor fracture). Data were analysed using one‐way anova and the Tukey test (α = 0.05). Single‐rooted premolars were more resistant to fracture than double‐rooted premolars. The restorative treatment using a horizontally transfixed zirconia post improved fracture resistance, resembling that of a healthy tooth.
Assessing cultural safety in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health
Authors: Withall Liz , Ryder Courtney , Mackean Tamara , Edmondson Wendy , Sjoberg David , McDermott Dennis , Wilson Annabelle 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore how nurses and midwives (trained at Flinders University in Adelaide) from rural, remote and urban locations view the impact of cultural safety training on their practice and the extent to which they incorporated cultural safety principles into their practice.Designqualitative research study.Settingrural, remote and urban locations across Australia.ParticipantsNurses and midwives who had undertaken cultural safety training at Flinders University as part of their undergraduate degree.MethodsParticipants were recruited for semi‐structured interviews. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were coded independently by members of the research team.Main outcome measuresThe use of cultural safety principles in participants' practice, and the extent to which they were applied, was determined. Barriers and enablers to enacting cultural safety in the workplace were also identified.Results10 individuals participated in an interview (7 nurses and 3 midwives). The Modified Monash Model was used to classify participant location with the following observed: MM1, six; MM2, two; MM5, one; MM6, one. 3 participants were from the Northern Territory and 7 from South Australia. Participants were at varying stages in their journey of cultural safety, ranging from early stages to those able to embody the Cultural Safety Principles and negotiate barriers to provide culturally safe care. Educational strategies for participants to progress their cultural safety journey were also identified.ConclusionThe extent to which cultural safety principles are applied in practice is diverse amongst the nurses and midwives that participated in this study, demonstrating that cultural safety is a journey and ongoing support is needed.
Long‐acting muscarinic antagonist regulates group 2 innate lymphoid cell‐dependent airway eosinophilic inflammation
Authors: Matsuyama Takahiro , Machida Kentaro , Motomura Yasutaka , Takagi Koichi , Doutake Yoichi , Tanoue‐Hamu Asako , Kondo Kiyotaka , Mizuno Keiko , Moro Kazuyo , Inoue Hiromasa 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundTiotropium bromide, a long‐acting muscarinic antagonist, reduces the frequency of exacerbation in patients with moderate to severe asthma, but its underlying mechanism is not clear. Asthma exacerbations are associated with exposure to external stimuli, and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are considered to be involved in the pathophysiology of asthma exacerbation. We investigated whether tiotropium modulates airway inflammation through ILC2 functions.MethodsMice were administered papain intranasally to induce innate‐type airway inflammation with or without tiotropium pretreatment, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) and lung tissues were collected. Lung‐derived ILC2s and bone marrow‐derived basophils were stimulated in vitro with IL‐33 in the presence or absence of tiotropium. Muscarinic M3 receptor (M3R) expression on immune cells was assessed by RNA sequence.ResultsPapain induced airway eosinophilic inflammation, and tiotropium reduced the numbers of eosinophils in BALF. The concentrations of IL‐4, IL‐5, and IL‐13, and the numbers of ILC2s in BALF were also reduced by tiotropium treatment. However, tiotropium did not affect IL‐33‐induced IL‐5 and IL‐13 production from ILC2s, suggesting that tiotropium regulates ILC2s indirectly. Gene‐expression analysis showed that basophils predominantly expressed M3R mRNA among murine immune cells. Tiotropium reduced IL‐4 production from basophils derived from mouse bone marrow and human basophils after stimulation with IL‐33.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that tiotropium attenuates ILC2‐dependent airway inflammation by suppressing IL‐4 production from basophils and, subsequently, regulating ILC2 activation. The inhibitory effects of long‐acting muscarinic antagonists on the innate response may contribute to reducing asthma exacerbation.
Accuracy of documented administration times for intravenous antimicrobial drugs and impact on dosing decisions
Authors: Roydhouse Stephanie A. , Carland Jane E. , Debono Deborah S. , Baysari Melissa T. , Reuter Stephanie E. , Staciwa Alice J. , Sandhu Anmol P. K. , Day Richard O. , Stocker Sophie L. 
Published: April 2021

AimsAccurate documentation of medication administration time is imperative for many therapeutic decisions, including dosing of intravenous antimicrobials. The objectives were to determine (1) the discrepancy between actual and documented administration times for antimicrobial infusions and (2) whether day of the week, time of day, nurse‐to‐patient ratio and drug impacted accuracy of documented administration times.MethodsPatient and dosing data were collected (June–August 2019) for 55 in‐patients receiving antimicrobial infusions. “Documented” and “actual” administration times (n = 660) extracted from electronic medication management systems and smart infusion pumps, respectively, were compared. Influence of the day (weekday/weekend), time of day (day/evening/night), nurse‐to‐patient ratio (high 1:1/low 1:5) and drug were examined. Monte Carlo simulation was used to predict the impact on dose adjustments for vancomycin using the observed administration time discrepancies compared to the actual administration time.ResultsThe median discrepancy between actual and documented administration times was 16 min (range, 2–293 min), with discrepancies greater than 60 minutes in 7.7% of administrations. Overall, discrepancies (median [range]) were similar on weekends (17 [2–293] min) and weekdays (16 [2–188] min), and for high (16 [2–157] min) and low nurse‐to‐patient ratio wards (16 [2–293] min). Discrepancies were smallest for night administrations (P < .05), and antimicrobials with shorter half‐lives (P < .0001). The observed discrepancies in vancomycin administration time resulted in a different dose recommendation in 58% of cases (30% higher, 28% lower).ConclusionsOverall, there were discrepancies between actual and documented antimicrobial infusion administration times. For vancomycin, these discrepancies in administration time were predicted to result in inappropriate dose recommendations.
Exploring the role of 3D printing and STEM integration levels in students' STEM career interest
Authors: Cheng Li , Antonenko Pavlo “Pasha” , Ritzhaupt Albert D. , MacFadden Bruce 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe use of 3D printing in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) learning is a promising way for integrated STEM education. This study examined the influence of 3D printing infused STEM integration on students' interest in STEM careers, which is essential for students to participate in STEM disciplines and future STEM careers. The participants included 26 teachers across six states in the United States and their 1455 students in primary and secondary classrooms. Teachers' lesson plans were analysed to examine the level of 3D printing and STEM integration. Students' interest in STEM careers was measured using a previously validated career interest scale. Cluster analysis and multiple regression analysis indicated that girls were more interested in empathetic STEM careers, whereas boys were more interested in analytic STEM careers. While 3D printing integration level was not a significant predictor, teachers' STEM integration level positively predicted students' interest in both analytic and empathetic STEM careers.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

Student career interest in primary and secondary school predicts college degree and career choice.

3D printing has the potential to improve students' interest in STEM careers.

STEM career interest is associated with student gender.

What this paper adds

This study examined the role of 3D printing and STEM integration level and student gender in students' STEM career interest.

Teachers' 3D printing integration level was not a significant predictor, but STEM integration level positively predicted students' interest in STEM careers.

This study confirmed that boys were more interested in Analytic STEM careers, whereas girls were more interested in Empathetic STEM careers.

Implications for practice and/or policy

Student STEM career interest improves when teachers integrate STEM in their instruction.

STEM instruction can be made relevant by focusing on empathetic aspects of STEM for girls, but caution should be exercised to minimise stereotyping.
Tumor‐homing peptide and its utility for advanced cancer medicine
Authors: Kondo Eisaku , Iioka Hidekazu , Saito Ken 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCell‐penetrating peptides, such as antibodies, have gained great attention as tools for the development of specific delivery systems for payloads, which might be applied as non‐invasive carriers in vivo. Among these, tumor‐homing peptides recently have been studied for use in tumor medicine. Tumor‐homing peptides are oligopeptides, usually consisting of 30 or fewer amino acids that are efficiently and specifically incorporated into tumor cells, suggesting their potential use in establishing novel non‐invasive tumor imaging systems for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Here, we briefly introduce the biological characteristics of our tumor‐homing peptides, focusing especially on those developed using a random peptide library constructed using mRNA display technology. The advantage of the tumor‐homing peptides is their biological safety, given that these molecules do not show significant cytotoxicity against non‐neoplastic cells; lack serious antigenicity, which alternatively might evoke unfavorable immune responses and inflammation in vivo; and are rapidly incorporated into target cells/tissues, with rates exceeding those seen for antibodies. Given their small size, tumor‐homing peptides also are easy to modify and redesign. Based on these merits, tumor‐homing peptides are expected to find wide application in various aspects of tumor medicine, including imaging diagnostics (eg, with dye‐conjugated probes for direct visualization of invasive/metastatic tumor lesions in vivo) and therapeutics (eg, using peptide‐drug conjugates [PDCs] for tumor targeting). Although further evidence will be required to demonstrate their practical utility, tumor‐homing peptides are expected to show great potential as a next‐generation bio‐tool contributing to precision medicine for cancer patients.
A decade of change: Trends in the practice of cytopathology at a tertiary care cancer centre
Authors: Dinarvand Peyman , Liu Chinhua , Roy‐Chowdhuri Sinchita 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe practice of cytopathology has evolved over the past decade with a growing need for doing more with less tissue. Changes in clinical practice guidelines and evolving needs in tissue acquisition for diagnosis and treatment have affected various areas of cytopathology in different ways. In this study, we evaluated the changing trends in cytopathological practice at our institution over the past decade.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of our institutional database for cytopathology cases from calendar years 2009 (n = 28038) and 2019 (n = 31386) to evaluate the changing trends in practice.ResultsThe overall number of exfoliative cases decreased 10% over the past decade, primarily due to a 64% decrease in gynaecological Pap testing. However, the volume of serous body cavity and cerebrospinal fluids increased 125% and 44%, respectively. The overall volume of fine needle aspiration (FNA) cases increased 38% from 2009 to 2019. The number of FNA cases increased across most body sites, driven primarily by a 180% increase in endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration cases. In contrast, breast FNA volume decreased 43%. Ancillary studies increased substantially over the past decade, including immunostains (476%) and molecular testing (250%).ConclusionsThe trends in our cytopathological practice showed an increased volume of cases, especially in non‐gynaecological specimens. As expected, the number of FNA cases used for immunostains and molecular testing increased substantially, indicating an upward trend in ancillary studies in cytopathological practice.
Next generation sequencing in cytology
Authors: Pisapia Pasquale , Pepe Francesco , Sgariglia Roberta , Nacchio Mariantonia , Russo Gianluca , Conticelli Floriana , Girolami Ilaria , Eccher Albino , Bellevicine Claudio , Vigliar Elena , Malapelle Umberto , Troncone Giancarlo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe application of next generation sequencing (NGS) technology to cytological samples has significantly modified molecular cytopathology practice. Cytological samples represent a valid source of high‐quality DNA for NGS analysis, especially for predicting patients' response to targeted treatments and for refining the risk of malignancy in indeterminate cytological diagnoses. However, several pre‐analytical factors may influence the reliability of NGS clinical analysis. Here, we briefly review the challenges of NGS in cytology practice, focusing on those pre‐analytical factors that may negatively affect NGS success rates and routine diagnostic applications. Finally, we address the future directions of the field.
Cost considerations for adoption of diabetes technology are pervasive: A qualitative study of persons living with type 1 diabetes and their families
Authors: Addala Ananta , Suttiratana Sakinah C. , Wong Jessie J. , Lanning Monica S. , Barnard Katharine D. , Weissberg‐Benchell Jill , Laffel Lori M , Hood Korey K. , Naranjo Diana 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundCost is a major consideration in the uptake and continued use of diabetes technology. With increasing use of automated insulin delivery systems, it is important to understand the specific cost‐related barriers to technology adoption. In this qualitative analysis, we were interested in understanding and examining the decision‐making process around cost and diabetes technology use.Materials and MethodsFour raters coded transcripts of four stakeholder groups using inductive coding for each stakeholder group to establish relevant themes/nodes. We applied the Social Ecological Model in the interpretation of five thematic levels of cost.ResultsWe identified five thematic levels of cost: policy, organizational, insurance, interpersonal and individual. Equitable diabetes technology access was an important policy‐level theme. The insurance‐level theme had multiple subthemes which predominantly carried a negative valence. Participants also emphasized the psychosocial burden of cost specifically identifying diabetes costs to their families, the guilt of diabetes related costs, and frustration in the time and involvement required to ensure insurance coverage.ConclusionWe found broad consensus in how cost is experienced by stakeholder groups. Cost considerations for diabetes technology uptake extended beyond finances to include time, cost to society, morality and interpersonal relationships. Cost also reflected an important moral principle tied to the shared desire for equitable access to diabetes technology. Knowledge of these considerations can help clinicians and researchers promote equitable device uptake while anticipating barriers for all persons living with type 1 diabetes and their families.
Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) stocking promotes phytoplankton growth by suppression of zooplankton rather than through nutrient recycling: An outdoor mesocosm study
Authors: Shen Ruijie , Gu Xiaohong , Chen Huihui , Mao Zhigang , Zeng Qingfei , Jeppesen Erik 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Filter‐feeding silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) has been extensively used to control algae blooms in Chinese lakes. However, the benefit of stocking silver carp to restore eutrophic lakes remains controversial and the reasons for the different responses observed are unclear.

In this study, we conducted an outdoor experiment to assess the impact of the biomass level of four silver carp (c. 0, 25, 50, and 100 g/m3) on phytoplankton through direct grazing and fish‐mediated nutrient recycling, respectively. We used a nested design with nutrient‐permeable chambers with or without fish placed inside ponds. In this way, the phytoplankton incubated outside the chambers was affected by both consumer grazing and nutrient recycling, whereas the phytoplankton inside the fish‐free chambers was only affected by consumer‐mediated nutrient recycling.

Outside the chambers, the concentrations of total nitrogen, dissolved total nitrogen, and total phosphorus did not differ significantly among the treatments, whereas the dissolved total phosphorus level was significantly higher in the fishless treatment. The concentration of chlorophyll a (Chl a), phytoplankton biomass and the ratio of nanophytoplankton Chl a to total phytoplankton Chl a in the fish‐present treatments were significantly higher than in the fishless treatment and the phytoplankton was dominated by small‐sized species. While the zooplankton biomass and zooplankton:phytoplankton biomass ratio were significantly lower in the fish‐present treatments, indicating a strong fish predation on zooplankton. As for the water inside the chambers, there was no significant difference among the four treatments for any of the measured variables except total phosphorus.

Our results suggest that silver carp indirectly stimulated phytoplankton growth by reducing the zooplankton grazing rather than through nutrient recycling, and that fish grazing on phytoplankton could not compensate for the loss of grazing by zooplankton, leading to higher phytoplankton biomass when silver carp was present. The benefit of using filter‐feeding fish as a biomanipulation tool to create clear water is therefore questionable unless control of nanophytoplankton can be achieved.