bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ceremonial y simbología de los objetos; El caso de la última columna del 11 S
Authors: Rubio Calero Diana 
Published: July 2021

La mañana del 11 de septiembre de 2001 pasó a la historia universal por ser la fecha en la que se produjo la mayor catástrofe terrorista en E.E.U.U. Durante las semanas posteriores, existe un elemento que en las labores de la limpieza en la zona 0, tomó protagonismo; una viga de 9 metros que sobrevivió al ataque, y que surgió de entre mas de 8 millones de toneladas de escombros que el atentado generó, convirtiéndose en un objeto de culto y simbología para quienes de manera directa o indirecta se vieron afectados por uno de los mayores atentados de la historia, la denominada “última columna”.

Estamos acostumbrados a que el ceremonial se brinde entorno a una personalidad o un símbolo del Estado, pero ¿Y si ese acontecimiento especial se celebrara entorno a un objeto que no cumple ninguno de los dos aspectos anteriores?

La simbología se asocia actualmente a valores como la unidad de un colectivo afectado por una misma causa, lo que a su vez supone la memorabilidad y el recuerdo de una tragedia sin precedentes en el mundo, donde a través de un ritual se le da solemnidad a un objeto por lo que supone en si mismo para esta comunidad, dando pie a afirmar que nos encontramos en un nuevo avance y adaptación del ceremonial.

Con este trabajo se pretender sentar las bases de una nueva línea de investigación entorno al ceremonial y la simbología que se puede observar en siglo XXI, donde la importancia de los valores que se profesan a objetos como símbolos no regulados por normativa oficial, también tienen su propio espacio como espacio de encuentro de las relaciones sociales entre personas que comparten un vínculo emocional, siendo un buen ejemplo la denominada columna del 11 S, protagonista involuntaria del ceremonial en los actos de duelo de esta tragedia y como elemento de recuerdo y resiliencia.
Science and Nazism. The unconfessed collaboration of scientists with National Socialism
Authors: Domínguez Martí 
Published: July 2021

This monograph seeks to show the level of involvement of the German academic world with Nazi postulates. Reading the articles, we can deduce that renowned scientists participated in the policies of the Third Reich, fully integrated within Nazi ideology, which resulted in the death and forced displacement of millions of people. This active and often even enthusiastic participation should motivate a deeper reflection on how educated minds of exceptional scientific value were abducted by the Nazi postulates, warning us against the resurgence of totalitarian and far-right movements in the world and thus redoubling our efforts to combat them from the very first moment.
Development of a preoperative index-based nomogram for the prediction of hypokalemia in patients with pituitary adenoma: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Li Wenpeng , Zeng Lexiang , Han Deping , Zhang Shanyi , Lei Bingxi , Zheng Meiguang , Deng Yuefei , You Lili 
Published: July 2021

Objective
To develop and validate a preoperative index-based nomogram for the prediction of hypokalemia in patients with pituitary adenoma (PA).

Methods
This retrospective cohort study included 205 patients with PAs between January 2013 and April 2020 in the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China. The patients were randomly classified into either a training set (N = 143 patients) and a validation set (N = 62 patients) at a ratio of 7:3. Variables, which were identified by using the LASSO regression model were included for the construction of a nomogram, and a logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in the training set. The area under the curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the performance of the nomogram for predicting hypokalemia. Multivariate logistic regression analysis with a restricted cubic spline analysis was conducted to identify a potential nonlinear association between the preoperative index and hypokalemia.

Results
The incidence of hypokalemia was 38.05%. Seven preoperative indices were identified for the construction of the nomogram: age, type of PA, weight, activated partial thromboplastin time, urea, eosinophil percentage, and plateletocrit. The AUCs of the nomogram for predicting hypokalemia were 0.856 (95% CI [0.796–0.915]) and 0.652 (95% CI [0.514–0.790]) in the training and validation sets, respectively. Restricted cubic splines demonstrated that there was no nonlinear association between hypokalemia and the selected variables.

Conclusion
In this study, we constructed a preoperative indices-based nomogram that can assess the risk of hypokalemia after the surgical treatment of pituitary adenomas. This nomogram may also help to identify high risk patients who require close monitoring of serum potassium.
Driver Compliance in Daytime Headlights Zones in the U.S
Authors: Cottrell Wayne D. 
Published: July 2021

Aims: Observe driver compliance with daytime headlights requirements along two-lane highways in California and Arizona. Determine overall compliance rates, while identifying any statistical differences between highways.
Study Design: Travel along highways having daytime headlight use requirements during daylight hours, recording ambient conditions and compliance. Distinguish between cars, large commercial trucks, and motorcycles, and between manual (low-beam) and automated (very low-beam) headlights. Add supportive information from synergistic research.
Place and Duration of Study: California State Routes 4, 18, 74, 247, and U.S. Highway 95 in Arizona, during September 2010, and June and July 2015, over seven data collection days during the summer, and one on the first day of autumn.
Methodology: Calculate average driver headlight compliance rates and deviations to a 95% level of confidence. Assume that compliance follows a normal probability distribution pattern.
Results: A total of 758 motor vehicles were observed. Removing the 104 vehicles observed on a “cloudy” highway, 266 of the 654 drivers were using their headlights (40.7% ± 3.6% compliance). There was no difference between the proportions of compliant drivers on the six highways (95% level of confidence). A total of 66 of 104 drivers used their headlights under cloudy conditions (63.5% ± 9.6% compliance). A Facebook survey of 24 respondents found that 20% of drivers were unaware of daytime headlights zones (DHZs), and an additional 13% were deliberately noncompliant. Interviews of two California Highway Patrol officers revealed that citations for noncompliance were “not popular” (among the officers), and that there was some skepticism as to the effectiveness of the requirement.
Conclusions: Further observation is needed under cloudy skies to develop a more precise proportion of compliance. The low compliance suggests that the effectiveness of DHZs cannot be truly assessed. Compliance might be improved with enhanced driver education, as to their existence and purpose, less reluctant enforcement, a revised headlight sign design, and more frequent signing.
Characterization of Diameter Distribution and Prediction of Weibull Parameters Equation for Plantation-grown Eucalyptus Species
Authors: Saka M. G. 
Published: July 2021

Aim: To characterization of the diameter distribution and prediction of Weibull parameters of a plantation-grown Eucalyptus species.
Study design: Stratified sampling method was adopted, in which the plantation was stratified into four age series.
Place and duration of study: Afaka Forest Reserve, one month.
Methodology: Fifty (50) sample plots of 20 x 20 m were laid across the age series. In each of the plot, all the trees were counted and data of variable of interest was collected and processed. A separate Weibull distribution is fitted to the diameter at breast height (dbh) frequency data from each of the plot for the estimation of Weibull parameters (location, scale and shape). The data set obtained from the Weibull parameter estimate was then used to develop regression equations with the stand variables. Coefficient of Determination (R2) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) was used as goodness of fit test.
Results: The result on the stand characteristics revealed that, the mean diameter at breast height (dbh) ranges between 13.4 – 18.2 cm across the four stands. This indicates that the species are still of pole sizes. The average site productivity of the species ranges between 24.0 m to 37 m at an index of 25 years. The mean Basal area varies between 14.13 to 26.85 m2 per ha, while the average tree total height ranges between 24.6 to 28.2 m across the four species. The result on diameter class distribution shows that most of the species fell within dbh class of 11 -20 cm class except E. cloeziana in which the highest frequency fell into 16 – 20cm dbh class. Best equation were selected for each of the Weibull parameters (α, β, ) per species based on fit statistics. The formation of straight line pattern from the plotted normal probability plots indicates the adequacy of the selected models for predicting Weibull parameters. A fluctuation pattern exists between the Weibull parameters and the stand characteristics. this may be due to variation in climatic factor, most especially fluctuations in rainfall pattern in the area at that particular period.
Conclusion: The ease of fit and high value of coefficient of determination of the models in this study has re-affirmed the use of Weibull parameter in prediction of stand characteristics as been suggested by many authors in the literature.
Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Determinants of Current use of Contraceptive Methods among Women in an Urban Community in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Uzoma-Nwosi N. E. , Ojule I. N. , Moore B. M. 
Published: July 2021

Contraceptive use is the intentional desire of an individual to prevent or limit pregnancy and it is one of the major components of family planning, an important pillar in the prevention of over-population, which has become a most pressing global problem.
Materials and Methods: The study adopted a cross-sectional design that aimed at identifying the prevalence and determinants of current contraceptive use among women aged 18-49 years in a community in Port Harcourt, the capital city of Rivers State, Nigeria. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to 216 women recruited from two clusters chosen randomly out of six clusters in the study area. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Chi-square test was used to test for association between socio-demographic variables and contraceptive use. Logistic regression was used to identify determinants of uptake.
Result: One hundred and five women (55.22%) were currently using contraceptive methods. Older than 29 years, being married/cohabiting, and having two or more living children were significantly associated with contraceptive use (P<0.05).
Conclusion: This study identified a high proportion (55.22%) of women in our locality to be current users of modern contraceptive methods when compared to national average (27.0%). The male condom was the commonest used modern method (30.5%). The withdrawal method and prolonged breastfeeding were the preferred traditional methods (20.0% and 7.6% respectively). Older age of women (above 29 years), living with a partner, and having at least two living children were positive determinants of current contraceptive use.
Knowledge and Risk Factors of Cervical Cancer among Women in Towns of Fako Division- Cameroon
Authors: Andrew Tassang , Fru Celestina Neh , Brady Mike Robert , Cho Frederick Nchang , Thierry Tassang , Paulette Ngum Fru , Gracious Tangi , Renald Toh 
Published: July 2021

Background: Cervical cancer (CC) is a worldwide disease, with 85% of new cases occurring in developing countries in general and Africa south of the Sahara in particular.
Aim: The objective of this study was to find possible factors that could affect knowledge about CC and some CC risk factors in our community.
Study Design: A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in Buea, Mutengene, and Tiko.
Result: Knowledge about CC is modulated by the level of education and the young age of women. Risk factors, although universal, seem to vary according to the geographical area and the socio-cultural environment where one lives. Some risk factors identified are; early onset of sexual intercourse, polygamous marriages, multiple sexual partners, the sexual behavior of the male partner, Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), Human Deficiency Virus (HIV), and history of genital warts.
Conclusion: None enhancement of lifestyle as the voluntary refusal of cervical cancer screening and CC vaccination has also been risky for CC.
Development of Optimal Design and Circular Broach Modular Design of Disc Cutters with the Development of a Parametric Model
Authors: Akintona Ezekiel Oluwadamilare , Fredrick Okeagu , Augustine Nwufo Maduka 
Published: July 2021

Cutting tool is one of the most important instruments in production. It is used for machining of different components on machine tools. A material is cut into a chip to incur the desired work piece surface currently used in engineering various cutting tools. The directions of development of structures of metal cutting tools are: higher precision of dimensional and geometrical parameters, the use of new tool materials, cost, and quick. The cutting tools are not only affected by the design of machine, technology of manufacturing of products, but also impact the constructive forms of machine parts. The emergence of mechanical spine, thanks to the pull method. Spine broach can provide high-performance processing spine bore with the required accuracy. The development of heavy machine tools required the creation of new designs of large instruments. The use of mechanical automatic lines also required design tools with high dimensional stability capable of handling the items within the specified tolerance for a certain time. Instruments were developed in the process of renewing the cutting edge of the cutting tools with automatic adjustment; setting up tools on the size of the machine is a device for automatic replacement of worn tool in the process line of the Computer-Aided Manufacturing CAM of the cutting tool special requirements. Equipment must operate with high level efficiency, so to reduce the loss of time resetting of the need to minimal. A cutting tool requires knowledge of the theoretical foundations of design and calculation tools using CAD.
GIS-Based Emergency Fire Response for Minimization of Fire Outbreaks in the Greater Accra Metropolis, Ghana
Authors: Yeboah Emmanuel , Sarfo Isaac , Nunoo Edward Kweku , Kudoh Vanessa , Shang Nii , Addai Foster Kofi , Amankwah Solomon Obiri Yeboah , Kedjanyi Emmanuel Adu Gyamfi 
Published: July 2021

The study report assessed the geographic distribution of existing fire stations in the Accra Metropolitan Area (AMA). It further sought to evaluate the spatial coverage for each fire station under predefined sustainable response times. Information on fire stations and incidents, access to sources of water and settlements were purposively obtained and visualized in Arc Map 10.6 with the multiple buffer tools. GIS web application was developed to integrate reporters and fire stations within the AMA for an efficient and effective response to emergency cases related to fire outbreaks. Results suggest that GIS application is essential to fire management as it significantly improved response time to 15 minutes, reducing causalities as well as damaged properties if the strategy is adopted. Results proved a response time of 15 minutes is feasible in the study area if the proposed strategy is adopted. The study presents this management system as one that could be easily be deployed to other stations across the country. The platform provides details on the location, the magnitude of the fire incident among other relevant details. This study would regulate and minimize risks associated with fire outbreaks which are often accompanied by both direct and indirect consequences and could facilitate early reporting using mobile collection devices.
Carbon Sequestration Potential of Urban Green Spaces (PMC Gardens) in Pune City, India
Authors: Vijayalaxmi R. Shinde , Dnyanesh M. Mahajan 
Published: July 2021

Aim: To estimate the Carbon sequestration potential of trees in Urban green spaces of Pune city.
Study Design: The methods suggested by Ravindranath and Ostwald were used for measuring the above and belowground biomass and estimation of carbon pool. Random sampling technique was used to collect soil samples. As the study area were one acre and above, each and every tree was sampled for various parameters. The GPS instrument was used for measuring latitude and longitude of each and every tree.
Place and Duration of Study: The gardens developed by Pune Municipal Corporation (total 66 having an area one acre and above) Pune, Three years( from January 2015 to December 2015, January 2016 to December 2016, January 2017 to December 2017)
Methodology: The gardens having an area one acre and above were selected for the work. Each and every tree is sampled along with its position on ground by using GPS instrument. Sampling of tree includes measuring Height and Girth at breast height (GBH). Later, the parameters like Volume, Mass, Wood density, Above and Below ground biomass, Total biomass and Total carbon were calculated as per the standard methods given by Ravindranath and Ostwald [1] Soil samples were collected randomly from a depth of 30 cm as it is a zone of highest microbial activity. Walkley‐Black Wet Oxidation method was used to find out soil organic carbon.
Results: Total amount of above and belowground carbon sequestered was estimated to be 7,00,507.83 tonnes; litter and deadwood 24,904.05, and soil organic carbon 1879.905; and the sum of all were 7,27,291.785 tonnes. The exotic species sequester 2,69,287.4 tonnes and native sequester 80,966.55 tonnes of carbon. The rates of carbon in active markets are US$ 30 (Thirty dollars) per tonne.
Conclusion: Putting a conservative value of US$ 30 per tonne of CO2 locked in these sampled gardens, this carbon sink of about 7,27,291.785 tonnes of CO2 is worth of US $ 21818753.55 or Indian Rs. 1606733011.422/-It will help in Climate mitigation and reducing the carbon footprints of Pune city.
Labour Induction Methods: An Overview
Authors: Wanjari Sanjivani , Wanjari Anil 
Published: July 2021

Overall the rate of induced labours has increased and almost 25% of women undergo labour induction worldwide. Cervical ripening and cervical preparedness is necessary before labour can be induced. The status of the cervix is traditionally assessed with help of Bishop’s score. Labour induction becomes necessary when the cervix is not favourable as noted on the cervical scoring system. Mechanical or surgical methods or a combination of both can be sued for labour induction. These include Foley’s catheter induction, sweeping of membranes, amniotomy etc. Pharmacological agents like oxytocin, prostaglandins PGE1 & PGE2 and newer agents like mifepristone can be used. Mechanical methods like Foley’s catheter induction are associated with lesser FHR variability and decreased rates of caesarean section as compared with oxytocin infusion or prostaglandins used locally. Oxytocin is the most widely used pharmacological method used for induction of labour. Proper titration of oxytocin can result in contractions that mimic normal labour. Oxytocin is often combined with amniotomy. Prostaglandins PGE1 & PGE2 are safe and effective options for labour induction. Prostaglandin PGE1 or misoprostol is used in the dose of 25 microgram mcg given orally or vaginally or via the sub-lingual route. Prostaglandin PGE2 or dinoprostone is used intra-cervically or vaginally in the posterior fornix. The newer drug mifepristone is being studied as cervical ripening agents because of its anti-progesterone effect.
Formulation and Evaluation of Conventional Metronidazole Tablets using Natural Gum Extracted from Grewia species
Authors: Avbunudiogba J. A. , Oghenekevwe O. 
Published: July 2021

Aims: The pharmaceutical world has been paying increasing attention to the extraction, development and use of natural gums as binders in the formulation of solid dosage forms. The use of natural gums as binders is more advantageous than the use of synthetic ones due to availability, low cost, biodegradability and biocompatibility. In this study, gum extracted from Grewia species was compared with that fromAcacia in metronidazole tablets.
Study Design: Ten batches of metronidazole tablets were formulated with varied concentration of Grewiaspp gum and Acacia gum.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria; between January and December 2019.
Methodology: Five batches of metronidazole tablets containing 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25 and 1.5% w/w of Grewia gum were preparedby wet granulation. Resulting granules were characterised by measuring flow and packing properties. In other experiments, five batches of tablets were formulated using same concentration of gum, with Acacia gum substituted for Grewia gum. Both sets of granules were compressed into tablets using tableting machine at a load of 27 arbitrary units. Tablets so formed were evaluated for hardness, friability, disintegration time, drug content and drug release profiles. Drug – excipient interaction was investigated with FTIR.
Results: The resulting metronidazole tablets showed hardness of 5.46 kgF to 7.87 kgF (Grewiagum) and 6.06 kgF-8.20 kgF (Acacia gum). Friability percentages of all the batches were above 1% except for A3-A5 and B5 which are less than 1%. All formulations released more than 75 % of the drug content within 60 min. The FTIR analysis revealed no interaction between the metronidazole and Grewia species gum.
Conclusion: Metronidazole granules and tablets were successfully prepared using Grewiagum and showed comparable pre-compression and post-compression properties with those formulated with Acacia.
To Assess the Effectiveness of Selected Mass Media Intervention (Poster, Leaflet, and Booklet) for Improving Mental Health Literacy among Rural Women
Authors: Meshram Dharti , Sebastian Tessy 
Published: July 2021

Background: Mental Health Literacy states to the awareness or attitudes of a person regarding psychiatric illnesses that help their identification, prevention, or management. Psychiatric health awareness contains the capacity to identify particular conditions, information on how to look for knowledge on mental health, understanding danger factors or sources, treatment of self, or manageable medical support or behaviors that facilitate proof of identity or finding effective help.
Aim: study aims to assess the effectiveness of selected mass media intervention (poster, leaflet, and booklet) for improving mental health literacy among rural women.
Objective: 1. To assess the existing mental health literacy among rural women. 2. To evaluate the effectiveness of selected mass media intervention (poster, leaflet, and booklet) for improving mental health literacy among rural women. 3. To associate post-test scores of mental health literacy among rural women with their selected demographic variables of an experimental and control group.
Methodology: It is an experimental research design and the sample will be selected as per inclusion criteria. The convenience sampling technique will be selected. Data will be collected by using a self-structure questionary and modified mental health literacy scale and rating scale used for comparison of a poster, leaflet, and booklet, and the time limit will be allotted 30 minutes to each participant for fill-up the tools. the literature review was identified through Pub MED, Medline, Cochran, computerized, books, library.
Results: A critical review of the investigator has reviewed 522 published articles and the recorded of duplicate articles 218/11 original articles that included.
Conclusion: The conclusion will be drawn from the statistical analysis.