bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and toxicity of intraperitoneal chemotherapy as compared to intravenous chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with advanced ovarian cancer
Authors: Kim Soyoun Rachel , Maganti Manjula , Bernardini Marcus Q. , Laframboise Stephane , Ferguson Sarah E. , May Taymaa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the efficacy and toxicity of intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy compared to intravenous (IV) chemotherapy.MethodsToxicity profiles, recurrence patterns, and long‐term survival outcomes of 271 women with Stage IIIC or IV high‐grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) treated with primary cytoreductive surgery followed by adjuvant IP or IV chemotherapy during 2001–2015 were reviewed.ResultsWomen who received IP chemotherapy (n = 91) were more likely to have undergone aggressive and longer surgery with no residual disease compared to the IV arm (n = 180). Chemotherapy‐related toxicities were comparable between the two groups. Extraperitoneal recurrences were more common in the IP arm compared to the IV arm. Five‐year progression‐free survival was 19% versus 18% (P = 0.63) and overall survival was 73% versus 44% (P < 0.01) in the IP versus IV arms, respectively. After adjustment for significant clinicopathologic factors in a multivariable model, use of IP was no longer a statistically significant predictor of overall survival.ConclusionIP chemotherapy in advanced HGSC has not been widely adopted due to concerns about toxicity and inconvenience. Use of IP chemotherapy was associated with comparable safety profile and efficacy to IV chemotherapy in women with Stage IIIC/IV HGSC. Recurrences were more likely to be extraperitoneal with IP treatment.
Risk of severe illness of COVID‐19 patients with NAFLD and increased NAFLD fibrosis scores
Authors: Yao Renling , Zhu Li , Wang Jian , Liu Jiacheng , Xue Ruifei , Xue Leyang , Liu Longgen , Li Chunyang , Zhao Haiyan , Cheng Juan , Huang Songping , Li Yang , Zhao Xiang‐an , Zhu Chuanwu , Li Ming , Huang Rui , Wu Chao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is still little knowledge about the association of liver fibrosis with the clinical outcomes of COVID‐19 patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of the study was to determine the association of NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS)–determined liver fibrosis with clinical outcomes of COVID‐19 patients with NAFLD.MethodsThe NAFLD was diagnosed by the Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI) in the absence of other causes of chronic liver diseases. NFS was used to evaluate the severity of liver fibrosis.ResultsA total of 86 COVID‐19 patients with NAFLD were included. The median age was 43.5 years, and 58.1% of patients were male. Thirty‐eight (44.2%) patients had advanced liver fibrosis according to the NFS. Multivariate analysis indicated that concurrent diabetes (odds ratio [OR] 8.264, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.202–56.830, p = 0.032) and advanced liver fibrosis (OR 11.057, 95% CI 1.193–102.439, p = 0.034) were independent risk factors of severe illness in COVID‐19 patients with NAFLD.ConclusionNAFLD patients with NFS‐determined advanced liver fibrosis are at higher risk of severe COVID‐19.
Electrophysiological and ECG Effects of Perhexiline, a Mixed Cardiac Ion Channel Inhibitor, Evaluated in Nonclinical Assays and in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Midei Mark G. , Darpo Borje , Ayers Greg , Brown Randy , Couderc Jean‐Philippe , Daly William , Ferber Georg , Sager Philip T. , Camm A. John 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPerhexiline has been used to treat hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. In addition to its effect on carnitine‐palmitoyltransferase‐1, it has mixed ion channel effects through inhibition of several cardiac ion currents. Effects on cardiac ion channels expressed in mammalian cells were assayed using a manual patch‐clamp technique, action potential duration (APD) was measured in ventricular trabeculae of human donor hearts, and electrocardiogram effects were evaluated in healthy subjects in a thorough QT (TQT) study. Perhexiline blocked several cardiac ion currents at concentrations within the therapeutic range (150‐600 ng/mL) with IC50 for hCav1.2 ∼ hERG < late hNav1.5. A significant APD shortening was observed in perhexiline‐treated cardiomyocytes. The TQT study was conducted with a pilot part in 9 subjects to evaluate a dosing schedule that would achieve therapeutic and supratherapeutic perhexiline plasma concentrations on days 4 and 6, respectively. Guided by the results from the pilot, 104 subjects were enrolled in a parallel‐designed part with a nested crossover comparison for the positive control. Perhexiline caused QTc prolongation, with the largest effect on ΔΔQTcF, 14.7 milliseconds at therapeutic concentrations and 25.6 milliseconds at supratherapeutic concentrations and a positive and statistically significant slope of the concentration‐ΔΔQTcF relationship (0.018 milliseconds per ng/mL; 90%CI, 0.0119‐0.0237 milliseconds per ng/mL). In contrast, the JTpeak interval was shortened with a negative concentration‐JTpeak relationship, a pattern consistent with multichannel block. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether this results in a low proarrhythmic risk.
Taxonomic implications of macro and micromorphological characters in the genus Brachythecium (Brachytheciaceae, Bryopsida) from the Western Himalayas: A combined light and scanning electron microscopic analysis
Authors: Khan Aamir Shehzad , Ahmad Mushtaq , Gilani Syed Aneel Ahmad , Zafar Muhammad , Butt Maryam Akram , Lubna  , Birjees Maimoona , Akhtar Wasim , Waheed Abdul , Kaleem Muhammad 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBrachythecium Schimp. is one of the most complex and diverse genus among the pleurocarpous mosses, having almost 150 species distributed around the world. The current study presents a detailed morphological analysis of the six species of the genus Brachythecium in Western Himalayas, Pakistan. The study reports the first detailed micromorphological investigation of the leaf surfaces (gametophyte) of the studied species because in pleurocarpous mosses, mostly sporophyte micromorphology has been studied. The objective of the study was to present a comparative light (LM) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis to describe the detailed morphology of bryophytes in Pakistan. A systematic method was used in the field as well as in their microscopic studies. Based on these findings, morphological and micromorphological features based on LM and SEM observations, qualitative and quantitative characters, taxonomic keys, distribution and habitat are discussed. The size of the leaf, leaf cells, seta, and other parts were noted, but slight variation was observed when we compare these measurements with the same species collected from different geographical regions. The leaf micromorphology reveals some interesting features like the nature of cell walls, cell shapes, and the surface of the lumen. Because the specimens used for SEM were air‐dried, the cells were mostly constricted and compressed. In almost all species except in Brachythecium garovaglioides, the papillae or cell wall ornamentations were absent. The study will help to contribute to the taxonomy of this genus or its family, especially in relation to the Western Himalayas.
Micro morphological foliar taxonomic studies of genus Paspalum based on scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Shaheen Shabnum , Sharifi‐Rad Javad , Hussain Khadim , Shahid Muhammad Naveed , Shamim Zeeshan , Abbas Moneeza , Ahmad Mushtaq , Sardar Andaleeb Anwar , Sonia Romaisha , Khan Farah 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPaspalum is one of the 10 largest genera in Poaceae and is considered as a complex and taxonomically difficult genus due to its similar morphological characters within the species which makes it difficult to delimit taxa within the same genus. The current research work establishes the distinction among species of this genus and resolves taxonomic confusions among this genus. And this distinction is done by micro morphological foliar anatomical characterization by light and scanning electron microscopy. Both the abaxial and adaxial epidermal cuticles of three different species of genus Paspalum were studied and their phytoliths were observed through elemental dispersive spectrophotometric analysis by SEM first time in Pakistan. Results showed great variation in studied anatomical features. P. dilatatum Poir. was comprised of macro‐hairs in the intercostal regions only whereas no macro‐hairs were found in P. distichum Linn. and P. scrobiculatum Linn. Beak‐shaped prickles were found in the intercostal regions on adaxial surface only in P. distichum Linn. and P. scrobiculatum Linn. whereas in P. dilatatum Poir., knife‐shaped prickles were present in intercostal regions only on both abaxial and adaxial surfaces of leaf epidermis. No papillae were seen in P. dilatatum Poir whereas in P. distichum Linn. and P. scrobiculatum Linn. papillae were found abundantly. In genus paspalum, P. dilatatum Poir. phytoliths showed lowest mass percentage of silicon as 15.13% whereas P. distichum Linn. phytoliths showed highest mass percentage of silicon as 22.00%. Based on micro morphological foliar characteristics a taxonomic key of studied species is also provided to delimit the taxa.
Oops, I did it (again)! The emotional experience, interpersonal responses, and relational consequences of social gaffes in the workplace
Authors: Puranik Harshad , Vough Heather C. , Pathki Chandra Shekhar 
Published: July 2021

SummaryIn line with the research on how specific episodes affect relationships, we advance workplace social gaffes—work episodes where employees think either their own or others' social behavior unintentionally violated interactional expectations and threatened the actor's relational value—as an event that can shape employees' workplace exchange relationships. Using a sensemaking lens, we explain when and why employees will believe they committed a social gaffe. In so doing, we advance a new definition of a social gaffe that outlines its necessary attributes. We then integrate sensemaking with the research on self‐conscious emotions to theorize that on perceiving their social gaffe, employees can experience embarrassment, or guilt, or shame—based on how they make sense of the social gaffe. These emotions, in turn, are theorized to shape employees' subsequent interpersonal response (repair vs. withdrawal). Moving onto colleagues' reaction, we posit that whether or not colleagues view the initial employee action as a social gaffe will influence their reaction (benign vs. hostile) to employees' interpersonal response. Over time, this employee–colleague interaction pattern is theorized to influence the quality of their exchange relationship. We thus outline how even seemingly minor workplace social gaffes can have complex emotional, interpersonal, and relational consequences.
High particle counts in neonatal parenteral nutrition solutions with added cysteine: Relationship to crystal formation and effect of filtration on cysteine content
Authors: Huston Robert K. , Christensen John Mark , Mohamed Sumeia M. , Minc Leah , Sawyer Teresa , Stout Kim N. , Heisel Carl F. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundParenteral nutrition(PN) solutions containing calcium gluconate and cysteine have elevated particle counts when analyzed using laser light obscuration (LO) as recommended by the United States Pharmacopeia. It is unclear whether increased particle formation in these solutions results in decreased availability of cysteine to neonatal patients due to filtration.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to measure cysteine concentrations in neonatal PN solutions before and after filtration as well as analyze precipitates on filters.MethodsSolutions of PN containing amino acids with and without cysteine that were compounded with calcium chloride or calcium gluconate plus potassium phosphate were analyzed using LO. Concentrations of cysteine were measured before and after filtration. The effect on particle formation of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) and D70 was also evaluated.ResultsMultiple additives including the specific calcium or D70 additive, cysteine, and MgSO4 influenced particle formation of particles detected using LO. There was no significant decrease in cysteine concentration because of filtering and there was no difference in the amount of calcium on filters of various solutions after filtration regardless of LO particle counts. Scanning electron micrographic (SEM) analysis found no significant differences in crystal composition. Light microscopic and SEM examination did not show evidence of high particle counts on filters.ConclusionThe increased particle counts detected in neonatal PN solutions containing cysteine added at the time of compounding does not appear to result in increased precipitate or crystal formation. It is not associated witha decrease in cysteine delivery to patients.
Determining the geographical origin of flaxseed based on stable isotopes, fatty acids and antioxidant capacity
Authors: Liang Kehong , Zhu Hong , Zhao Shanshan , Liu Haijin , Zhao Yan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDFlaxseed is an economically important oilseed crop whose geographic origin is of significant interest to producers and consumers because every region may exhibit particular quality characteristics. The lipid/fatty acid method of determining the geographic origin of flaxseed has not been found to be adequate.RESULTSTo improve the discrimination rate and the geographical traceability of this crop, the chemical profiles of the flaxseed samples were characterized via lipids/fatty acids, stable isotopes, and antioxidant capacity. Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA) were also performed. A satisfactory discrimination rate of 98.6% was obtained after combining fatty acids, stable isotopes, and antioxidant capacity to trace the origin of flaxseed from five regions in northern China.CONCLUSIONThis study provides an effective method for distinguishing the geographic origin of flaxseed. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Anomalous poleward advection facilitates episodic range expansions of pelagic red crabs in the eastern North Pacific
Authors: Cimino Megan A. , Jacox Michael G. , Bograd Steven J. , Brodie Stephanie , Carroll Gemma , Hazen Elliott L. , Lavaniegos Bertha E. , Morales Mark M. , Satterthwaite Erin , Rykaczewski Ryan R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe episodic stranding of millions of pelagic red crabs (Pleuroncodes planipes) along California beaches is a striking and puzzling phenomenon. Pleuroncodes planipes are usually abundant off Baja California, Mexico, and their appearance in central California is thought to coincide with anomalously warm waters and northward advection related to El Niño. This anecdotal association has stimulated many hypotheses, but no hypothesis has gained clear and convincing support. Motivated by an unprecedented number of P. planipes strandings and at‐sea observations in 2015–2019, we compiled 10 P. planipes datasets spanning 1950–2019, tested the anomalous advection hypothesis using a transport analysis from 1981 to 2010, and explored other compelling hypotheses. We found P. planipes presence off central California was related to anomalous advection of waters from Mexico, sometimes but not always associated with El Niño events, with P. planipes likely remaining residents of northern waters for several years without additional anomalous transport but potentially facilitated by warm waters. By identifying a mechanism behind episodic P. planipes range expansions, we show that a source water index could provide an early indicator for anomalous events in the future.
Solute Transport Dependence on 3D Geometry of Hydrogel Networks
Authors: Richbourg Nathan R. , Ravikumar Akhila , Peppas Nicholas A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHydrogels are used in drug delivery applications, chromatography, and tissue engineering to control the rate of solute transport based on solute size and hydrogel‐solute affinity. Ongoing modeling efforts to quantify the relationship between hydrogel properties, solute properties, and solute transport contribute toward an increasingly efficient hydrogel design process and provide fundamental insight into the mechanisms relating hydrogel structure and function. However, here previous conclusions regarding the use of mesh size in hydrogel transport models are clarified. 3D geometry and hydrogel network visualizations are used to show that mesh size and junction functionality both contribute to the mesh radius, which determines whether a solute can diffuse within a hydrogel. Using mesh radius instead of mesh size to model solute transport in hydrogels will correct junction functionality‐dependent modeling errors, improving hydrogel design predictions and clarifying mechanisms of solute transport in hydrogels.
Environmentally Benign Flame Retardant Polyamide‐6 Filament for Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Kolibaba Thomas J. , Nigam Aman , Tai Bruce L. , Grunlan Jaime C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe engineering applications of thermoplastic 3D printing filaments are currently limited by their inherent flammability, especially in fields such as automotive and aerospace, which require high standards for material safety. Polyamide‐6 (PA6) is of particular interest for additive manufacturing but is a very flammable thermoplastic known to spread fires due to its aggressive melt‐dripping. A flame retardant (FR) composite filament composed of PA6, ammonium polyphosphate, and aluminum phosphate is shown to be printable under identical conditions to commercially available PA6. Calorimetry measurements reveal that the composite filament generates a 7000% increase in char yield, along with 47% and 31% decreases in peak heat release rate and total heat release, respectively. Additionally, open flame testing demonstrates a significantly reduced capacity for this filament to spread fire to other nearby combustible materials. This unique FR additive system represents an important step toward improving the safety and utility of 3D printed parts.
Constraint programming approaches for the discretizable molecular distance geometry problem
Authors: MacNeil Moira , Bodur Merve 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Distance Geometry Problem (DGP) seeks to find positions for a set of points in geometric space when some distances between pairs of these points are known. The so‐called discretization assumptions allow us to discretize the search space of DGP instances. In this paper, we focus on a key subclass of DGP, namely the Discretizable Molecular DGP, and study its associated graph vertex ordering problem, the Contiguous Trilateration Ordering Problem (CTOP), which helps solve DGP. We propose the first constraint programming formulations for CTOP, as well as a set of checks for proving infeasibility, domain reduction techniques, symmetry breaking constraints, and valid inequalities. Our computational results on random and pseudo‐protein instances indicate that our formulations outperform the state‐of‐the‐art integer programming formulations.
Development and psychometric evaluation of the loneliness inventory for older adults (Lonely): A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Bandari Razieh , Mohammadi Shahboulaghi Farahnaz , Khankeh Hamidreza , Ebadi Abbas , Montazeri Ali 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimTo develop and initially validate the Loneliness Inventory for Older Adults.DesignScale development and evaluation.MethodsThis was a two‐phase study. In phase 1, the initial items pool (126 items) was generated based on the concept analysis and literature review. Moreover, content validity was established by geriatric and psychometric experts. Phase 2 evaluated structural validity by performing item analysis, exploratory factor analysis and convergent validity. Reliability was evaluated by examining internal consistency, stability (ICC) and absolute reliability.ResultsFollowing the development process, 94 items were removed and a provisional version of the questionnaire with 32 items was subjected to psychometric evaluation. Three hundred and seventy older adults completed the questionnaire. After performing factor analysis, overall 3 items were removed due to low loading, and the questionnaire was reduced to 29 items tapping into five factors. The Cronbach's alpha for the instrument was 0.94, and the ICC value was 0.97.
Preparation and characterization of thermosetting wood flour composite material with high biomass content
Authors: Xiao Fang , Weng Fangqing , Guo Duyu , Koranteng Ernest , Zhou Hongbin , Wu Qiangxian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEnvironmentally friendly materials with high biomass content have always attracted attention. In this work, wood flour (WF), a renewable and environmentally friendly substance was modified by castor oil‐based polyurethane prepolymer (COPU) and urea‐formaldehyde resin, respectively, to prepare thermoset composites with high biomass content and excellent interface compatibility. A special intensive mixer designed and produced by our laboratory was used for the first time to mix the biobased composites with high viscosity. The WF biomass content of the composites was as high as 70 wt% and the composites were prepared by melt blending and hot pressing. In effect, 70 wt% of WF biomass and 17.5 wt% of castor oil biomass were used to prepare wood‐plant oil composite with almost 87.5 wt% of biomass. Through infrared spectroscopy (IR), emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermodynamic characterization, it was found that compared to composite materials which were prepared using WF and polypropylene (PP) or deactivated COPU, the interface compatibility and thermal stability of the composite materials obtained by WF and COPU or UF were significantly improved. The mechanical properties of the obtained composite material were attractive, and the bending strength and bending modulus of thermoset composites prepared using WF and COPU were as high as 69.2 MPa and 3765.8 MPa, respectively. The comprehensive results revealed that the WF‐based thermosetting composite material with high biomass content as well as excellent performance and its application in composite panels are worth looking forward to.
Wenn das ewige Eis zerrinnt
Authors: Huss Matthias 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungGletscher sind ein Symbol für den Klimawandel. Ihr weltweiter Rückgang hat schwerwiegende Konsequenzen für den globalen Wasserkreislauf und den Anstieg des Meeresspiegels. Die vergangene und künftige Entwicklung von Gletschern kann mit modernen Berechnungsverfahren erforscht werden. Diese beschreiben die physikalischen Prozesse auf und im „ewigen“ Eis. Solche Simulationen erlauben es, die rapiden Veränderungen zu verstehen und uns auf eine Welt ohne Gletscher vorzubereiten.
Was sagen uns Änderungen im Erdschwerefeld?
Authors: Flechtner Frank , Börgens Eva , Sasgen Ingo 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungDie zeitlichen Variationen des Schwerefelds der Erde sind einzigartige Beobachtungen, die erst mit GRACE und nun GRACE‐FO ermöglicht wurden. Die Daten eröffnen neue Möglichkeiten für die Untersuchung globaler Massenumverteilungen, wie sie durch vielfältige Prozesse an der Erdoberfläche erzeugt werden. Aus den monatlich global vorliegenden Informationen lassen sich damit wichtige physikalische Informationen für die Geodäsie, Geophysik, Ozeanographie, Glaziologie und Hydrologie gewinnen. Insbesondere ermöglichen die Messdaten ein besseres Verständnis klimarelevanter Prozesse wie Dürren oder Eismassenverluste der großen Eisschilde und des einhergehenden Meeresspiegelanstiegs. Zukünftig sollen weiterentwickelte Missionsarchitekturen wie Doppelpaarmissionen auf tiefen Flugbahnen diese Messungen mit höherer räumlicher und zeitlicher Auflösung und Genauigkeit fortführen. Neben einem besseren wissenschaftlichen Verständnis des Klimawandels wird für zukünftige Missionen eine zunehmende Nutzung der Daten für gesellschaftsrelevante Dienstleistungen erwartet.