bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of milbemycin oxime/afoxolaner chewable tablets (NEXGARD SPECTRA®) against Capillaria aerophila and Capillaria boehmi in naturally infected dogs
Authors: Di Cesare Angela , Morelli Simone , Morganti Giulia , Simonato Giulia , Veronesi Fabrizia , Colombo Mariasole , Berlanda Michele , Lebon Wilfried , Gallo Matilde , Beugnet Frederic , Traversa Donato 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundCapillaria aerophilaandCapillaria boehmiparasitize the respiratory system of wild and domestic carnivores.Capillaria aerophilainhabits the trachea and bronchi of dogs and cats, whileC. boehmiaffects the nasal cavities and sinuses of dogs. In dogs the infection may be subclinical or characterized by varying respiratory distress.MethodsThe present study evaluated the efficacy of an oral formulation containing milbemycin oxime and afoxolaner (NEXGARD SPECTRA®) in dogs naturally infected withC. aerophilaand/orC. boehmifrom three enzootic areas of Italy. Dogs were enrolled pending fecal examination and molecular confirmation of respiratory capillarioses. Dogs were allocated in two groups: Group 1 (G1, 25 dogs), treated with a negative control product with no anthelmintic activity (afoxolaner, NEXGARD®), and Group 2 (G2, 26 dogs), treated with NEXGARD SPECTRA®. At the day of treatment administration (Day 0), all dogs were clinically examined. Dogs were again subjected to clinical and fecal examinations at Days 28 (± 4) and 56 (± 2). The primary criterion for treatment efficacy was the reduction of fecalCapillariaegg counts in G2 compared with G1. The regression of/recovery from baseline clinical signs was considered as a further efficacy criterion.ResultsPercentage reduction of fecalCapillariaegg counts in the NEXGARD SPECTRA®group compared to the control group was > 97% on Day 28 and 100% on Day 56, respectively (p < 0.05 for both time points). Twelve of the 13 dogs in the NEXGARD SPECTRA®group with respiratory signs prior to treatment were free of clinical signs at the end of the study. Conversely, the six control group dogs with respiratory signs prior to treatment remained symptomatic.ConclusionsResults of the present study showed that NEXGARD SPECTRA® was safe and highly efficacious in the reduction ofC. aerophilaandC. boehmieggs after one treatment with a complete reduction of the egg output after the second administration associated with a recovery from respiratory signs.Graphical Abstract
Exploration of binary protein–protein interactions between tick-borne flaviviruses and Ixodes ricinus
Authors: Lemasson Manon , Caignard Grégory , Unterfinger Yves , Attoui Houssam , Bell-Sakyi Lesley , Hirchaud Edouard , Moutailler Sara , Johnson Nicholas , Vitour Damien , Richardson Jennifer , Lacour Sandrine A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Louping ill virus (LIV) and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) are tick-borne flaviviruses that are both transmitted by the major European tick, Ixodes ricinus. Despite the importance of I. ricinus as an arthropod vector, its capacity to acquire and subsequently transmit viruses, known as vector competence, is poorly understood. At the molecular scale, vector competence is governed in part by binary interactions established between viral and cellular proteins within infected tick cells.

Methods
To investigate virus-vector protein–protein interactions (PPIs), the entire set of open reading frames for LIV and TBEV was screened against an I. ricinus cDNA library established from three embryonic tick cell lines using yeast two-hybrid methodology (Y2H). PPIs revealed for each viral bait were retested in yeast by applying a gap repair (GR) strategy, and notably against the cognate protein of both viruses, to determine whether the PPIs were specific for a single virus or common to both. The interacting tick proteins were identified by automatic BLASTX, and in silico analyses were performed to expose the biological processes targeted by LIV and TBEV.

Results
For each virus, we identified 24 different PPIs involving six viral proteins and 22 unique tick proteins, with all PPIs being common to both viruses. According to our data, several viral proteins (pM, M, NS2A, NS4A, 2K and NS5) target multiple tick protein modules implicated in critical biological pathways. Of note, the NS5 and pM viral proteins establish PPI with several tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor (TRAF) proteins, which are essential adaptor proteins at the nexus of multiple signal transduction pathways.

Conclusion
We provide the first description of the TBEV/LIV-I. ricinus PPI network, and indeed of any PPI network involving a tick-borne virus and its tick vector. While further investigation will be needed to elucidate the role of each tick protein in the replication cycle of tick-borne flaviviruses, our study provides a foundation for understanding the vector competence of I. ricinus at the molecular level. Indeed, certain PPIs may represent molecular determinants of vector competence of I. ricinus for TBEV and LIV, and potentially for other tick-borne flaviviruses.

Graphical Abstract
The association between serum testosterone levels and metabolic syndrome among women
Authors: Liang Junxiao , Peng Qiaohua , Yang Xinyun , Yang Chunbo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between total serum testosterone level (TT) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) among adult female population. Subgroup analysis further stratified the population by menopausal status to address the potential hormonal difference in postmenopausal women.

Methods
A total of 1966 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2012 cycle was included for analysis in this study. MetS was defined based on the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. Serum TT was collected during the physical examination of the NHANES program and divided into quartiles (Q) in this analysis. Menopausal status was determined based on NHANES Reproductive Health Questionnaire. Logistic regression models were applied for analysis.

Results
The odds of MetS in Q2: 12.99–19.38 ng/mL (OR = 0.641, 95%CI 0.493–0.835, P < 0.01), Q3: 19.39–28.38 ng/mL (OR = 0.476, 95%CI 0.362–0.626, P < 0.001), and Q4: ≥28.40 ng/mL (OR = 0.390, 95%CI 0.294–0.517, P < 0.001) were statistically lower compared to the reference Q1: <12.99 ng/mL. For the postmenopausal group, a significantly lower odds of MetS was observed in the Q2 (OR = 0.689, 95%CI 0.486–0.977, P < 0.05) and Q4 (OR = 0.606, 95%CI 0.399–0.922, P < 0.05), while the odds of Q3 (OR = 0.439, 95%CI 0.248–0.779, P < 0.01) and Q4 (OR = 0.464, 95%CI 0.261–0.825, P < 0.01) were significantly lower than the reference Q1 in the premenopausal group.

Conclusions
Elevated TT levels are associated with incremental reductions in the odds of metabolic syndrome among adult females. Although, serum testosterone level is associated with the occurrence of metabolic syndrome in both the postmenopausal and the premenopausal group, the patterns of the relationship are different.
Sustained clinical remission under infliximab/rituximab combination therapy in a patient with granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Authors: Valor-Méndez Larissa , Kleyer Arnd , Rech Jürgen , Manger Bernhard , Schett Georg 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by small and medium vessel vasculitis. The use of biological therapies such as rituximab and infliximab has improved the treatment of ocular manifestations in GPA.

Case report
We report a case of a 45-year-old Caucasian male suffering with rhinitis, sinubronchitis and exophthalmos. These clinical findings, subsequent biopsy and MRI were consistent with positive anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)/proteinase-3 and he was diagnosed with GPA with orbital involvement. He was refractory to cyclophosphamide at stable doses of methotrexate and a therapy with rituximab was started. Eventually and because of family planning methotrexate was replaced by azathioprine. Symptoms worsened and MRI revealed an increase in the granulomatous lesion in the orbit. Therefore, we decided to add infliximab to the combination of azathioprine and rituximab, our patient achieved then a long-term response. During the 10 years of the combined treatment, no adverse effects or systemic involvement occurred.

Conclusions
This case suggests that the individual use of a combination of rituximab and infliximab may be a promising strategy for the treatment in the long term of refractory orbital GPA.
Autoencoder-bank based design for adaptive channel-blind robust transmission
Authors: Safi Hossein , Akbari Mohammad , Vaezpour Elaheh , Parsaeefard Saeedeh , Shubair Raed M 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe idea of employing deep autoencoders (AEs) has been recently proposed to capture the end-to-end performance in the physical layer of communication systems. However, most of the current methods for applying AEs are developed based on the assumption that there exists an explicit channel model for training that matches the actual channel model in the online transmission. The variation of the actual channel indeed imposes a major limitation on employing AE-based systems. In this paper, without relying on an explicit channel model, we propose an adaptive scheme to increase the reliability of an AE-based communication system over different channel conditions. Specifically, we partition channel coefficient values into sub-intervals, train an AE for each partition in the offline phase, and constitute a bank of AEs. Then, based on the actual channel condition in the online phase and the average block error rate (BLER), the optimal pair of encoder and decoder is selected for data transmission. To gain knowledge about the actual channel conditions, we assume a realistic scenario in which the instantaneous channel is not known, and propose to blindly estimate it at the Rx, i.e., without any pilot symbols. Our simulation results confirm the superiority of the proposed adaptive scheme over existing methods in terms of the average power consumption. For instance, when the target average BLER is equal to $$10^{-4}$$

10

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4

, our proposed algorithm with 5 pairs of AE can achieve a performance gain over 1.2 dB compared with a non-adaptive scheme.
Crystallization behavior of ion beam sputtered HfO2 thin films and its effect on the laser-induced damage threshold
Authors: Balogh-Michels Zoltán , Stevanovic Igor , Borzi Aurelio , Bächli Andreas , Schachtler Daniel , Gischkat Thomas , Neels Antonia , Stuck Alexander , Botha Roelene 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this work, we present our results about the thermal crystallization of ion beam sputtered hafnia on 0001 SiO2substrates and its effect on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT). The crystallization process was studied using in-situ X-ray diffractometry. We determined an activation energy for crystallization of 2.6 ± 0.5 eV. It was found that the growth of the crystallites follows a two-dimensional growth mode. This, in combination with the high activation energy, leads to an apparent layer thickness-dependent crystallization temperature. LIDT measurements @355 nm on thermally treated 3 quarter-wave thick hafnia layers show a decrement of the 0% LIDT for 1 h @773 K treatment. Thermal treatment for 5 h leads to a significant increment of the LIDT values.
Multifunctional materials for lean processing of waferscale optics
Authors: Houbertz Ruth , Hartinger Verena , Klein Jan J. , Herder Martin , Grützner Gabi , Dannberg Peter 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe continuous miniaturization of components and devices along with the increasing need of sustainability in production requires materials which can fulfill the manifold requests concerning their functionality. From an industrial point of view emphasis is on cost reduction either for the materials, the processes, or for both, along with a facilitation of processing and a general reduction of resource consumption in manufacturing. Multifunctional nanoscale materials have been widely investigated due to their tunable material properties and their ability to fulfill the increasingly growing demands in miniaturization, ease of processes, low-cost manufacturing, scalability, reliability, and finally sustainability. A material class which fulfills these requirements and is suited for integrated or waferscale optics are inorganic–organic hybrid polymers such as ORMOCER®s [ORMOCER®is registered by the Fraunhofer Gesellschaft für Angewandte Forschung e.V. and commercialized by microresist technology GmbH under license since 2003]. The combination of chemically designed multifunctional low-cost materials with tunable optical properties is very attractive for (integrated) optical and waferscale applications via a variety of different nano- and microstructuring techniques to fabricate micro- and nano-optical components, typically within less than a handful of process steps. The influence of photoinitiator and cross-linking conditions onto the optical properties of an acrylate-based inorganic–organic hybrid polymer will be discussed, and its suitability for being applied in waferscale optics is demonstrated and discussed for miniaturized multi- and single channel imaging optics.
Monocyte distribution width (MDW) parameter as a sepsis indicator in intensive care units
Authors: Piva Elisa , Zuin Jenny , Pelloso Michela , Tosato Francesca , Fogar Paola , Plebani Mario 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Patients in Intensive Care Units (ICU) are a high-risk population for sepsis, recognized as a major cause of admission and death. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and prognostication of monocyte distribution width (MDW) in sepsis for patients admitted to ICU.

Methods
Between January and June 2020, we conducted a prospective observational study during the hospitalization of 506 adult patients admitted to the ICU. MDW was evaluated in 2,367 consecutive samples received for routine complete blood counts (CBC) performed once a day and every day during the study. Sepsis was diagnosed according to Sepsis-3 criteria and patients enrolled were classified in the following groups: no sepsis, sepsis and septic shock.

Results
MDW values were significantly higher in patients with sepsis or septic shock in comparison to those within the no sepsis group [median 26.23 (IQR: 23.48–29.83); 28.97 (IQR: 21.27–37.21); 21.99 (IQR: 19.86–24.36) respectively]. ROC analysis demonstrated that AUC is 0.785 with a sensitivity of 66.88% and specificity of 77.79% at a cut-off point of 24.63. In patients that developed an ICU-acquired sepsis MDW showed an increase from 21.33 [median (IQR: 19.47–21.72)] to 29.19 [median (IQR: 27.46–31.47)]. MDW increase is not affected by the aetiology of sepsis, even in patients with COVID-19. In sepsis survivors a decrease of MDW values were found from the first time to the end of their stay [median from 29.14 (IQR: 26.22–32.52) to 25.67 (IQR: 22.93–30.28)].

Conclusions
In ICU, MDW enhances the sepsis detection and is related to disease severity.
Predicting syntactic choice in Mandarin Chinese: a corpus-based analysis ofbasentences and SVO sentences
Authors: Fang Yu , Liu Haitao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the effects of 10 factors on the choice between alternativebasentences and SVO sentences in Mandarin Chinese. These factors are givenness, definiteness, animacy and pronominality of NP2s, NP2 length, VP length, verb sense, syntactic parallelism, dependency distance, and surprisal. Using corpus data and mixed-effects logistic regression modeling, we find that on the one hand, givenness, syntactic parallelism, and the log-transformed ratio of NP2 length and VP length are significant predictors of the choice betweenbasentences and SVO sentences. A new NP2, a large length ratio and a parallel construction predict an SVO sentence rather than abasentence. On the other hand, dependency distance and surprisal estimated by the trigram model are effective in predicting the choice between naturally occurringba/SVO sentences and their alternatives. Naturally occurring sentences are more likely to have shorter dependency distances and smaller surprisal values than the converted sentences. The effects of these five factors on syntactic choice are congruent with results of previous studies, which suggests that some determinants of syntactic choice are shared among languages.
Overutilization and underutilization of autoantibody tests in patients with suspected autoimmune disorders
Authors: Rajendran Rajkumar , Salazar Jose H. , Seymour Robert L. , Laposata Michael , Zahner Christopher J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Diagnostic Management Teams (DMTs) are one strategy for reducing diagnostic errors. This study examined errors in serology test selection after a positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) test in patients with suspected systemic autoimmune rheumatic disorder (SARD).

Methods
This retrospective study included 246 patient cases reviewed by our ANA DMT from March to August 2019. The DMT evaluated the appropriateness of tests beyond ANA screening tests (overutilization, underutilization, or both) based on American College of Rheumatology recommendations and classified cases into diagnostic error or no error groups. Errors were quantified, and patient and provider characteristics associated with diagnostic errors were assessed.

Results
Among 246 cases, 60.6% had at least one diagnostic error in test selection. The number of sub-serology tests ordered was 2.4 times higher in the diagnostic error group than in the no error group. The likelihood of at least one diagnostic error was higher in males and African American/Black patients, although the differences were not statistically significant. Providers from general internal medicine, primary care, and non-rheumatology specialties were approximately two times more likely to make diagnostic errors than rheumatology specialists.

Conclusions
Diagnostic errors in test selection after a positive ANA for patients with suspected SARD were common, although there were fewer errors when ordered by rheumatology specialists. These findings support the need to develop strategies to reduce diagnostic errors in test selection for autoimmunity evaluation and suggest that implementation of a DMT can be useful for providing guidance to clinicians to reduce overutilization and underutilization of laboratory tests.
Wavelength division multiplexing developed with optimum length-based EDFA in the presence of dispersion-compensated fiber system
Authors: Eid Mahmoud M. A. , El-Meadawy Shimaa , Mohammed Abd El-Naser A. , Rashed Ahmed Nabih Zaki 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This work outlines 80-channel wavelength multiplexing that has been developed with optimum length-based erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) with dispersion-compensated fiber. This paper has presented different fiber mediums with different effective areas such as single mode fiber (SMF), highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF), highly nonlinear dispersion-flattened fiber (HNL-DFF), nonreturn to zero dispersion-shifted fiber (NRZDSF) and a two types of large effective area fiber (LEAF Step core and LEAF Ring core) with dispersion-compensated fiber and EDFA amplification. Optimum fiber length can be obtained using minimum and maximum bit error rates with channels number and bit rate variations.
Anforderungen an berufliche Fortbildungen in Zeiten der Covid-19-Pandemie
Authors: Schulenburg Katrin 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Der Bedarf an fachlichen Fortbildungen von Personen aus dem Gesundheitsbereich ist auch in Zeiten der Covid-19-Pandemie ungebrochen. Überwiegend als Präsenzveranstaltungen geplant, wurden viele Veranstaltungen aufgrund des Infektionsgeschehens abgesagt. Nur unter strengen Hygieneregeln können Bildungsanbieter wie die Landesgesundheitsämter aktuell Fortbildungen anbieten und das bei steigenden Bedarfen seitens der Praxis. Mögliche Lösung ist die schon lange geforderte Digitalisierung von Bildungsangeboten.
Die COVID-19-Pandemie: Wie gelingt eine transparente Kommunikation von Risiken?
Authors: Wegwarth Odette , Kendel Friederike , Tomsic Ivonne , von Lengerke Thomas , Härter Martin 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Die transparente Kommunikation von Risiken und wissenschaftlicher Unsicherheit kann das Vertrauen in die kommunizierenden Akteur*innen und die Akzeptanz in eingeführte präventive Maßnahmen fördern. Die der Pandemie zugrunde liegenden Risiken und Determinanten sind jedoch noch nicht hinreichend zuverlässig abschätzbar. Es werden ausgewählte epidemiologische Kennzahlen und Lösungsansätze dargestellt, wie eine transparente Risiko- und Unsicherheitskommunikation gelingen kann.
Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung in Zeiten der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Habermann-Horstmeier Lotte 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Viele Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung sind aufgrund ihrer Wohn- und Betreuungsform sowie von behinderungsassoziierten Faktoren und einer erhöhten Morbidität deutlich stärker von COVID-19 betroffen als die Durchschnittsbevölkerung. Hinzu kommen gesundheitliche Folgen durch einschränkende Maßnahmen der Expositionsprophylaxe zu Beginn der Pandemie. Public-Health-Maßnahmen sind dann wirksam, wenn sie die große Heterogenität und die jeweiligen Lebensbedingungen der Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung berücksichtigen.
On the logical form and ontology of inferences in conversational implicatures
Authors: Perrin Denis 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper is about the pragmatic inferences in play as conversational implicatures (Grice, P. 1989.Studies in the way of words. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press) occur. First, it constructs the deductivism versus abductivism debate that transpires from the extant literature but is rarely elaborated. Against deductivism, the paper argues that implicating inferences in conversational implicatures can instantiate an abductive logical form, as abductivism suggests. Against abductivism, however, it grants to deductivism that implicating inferences can have a deductive form provided the latter is of a defeasible type. In sum, it thus argues forpluralist defeasibilism. Second, it turns to the issue of the ontological nature of implicating inferences and advocatesnormative inferentialism, on which these inferences are not primarily real psychological processes but rules of the practice of implicating. While this allows for the possibility of their psychological instantiation, to be sure, the paper also insists that psychological inferring processes in implicatures are neither necessarily isomorphic to the aforementioned rules nor even necessarily occur as an implicature occurs.