bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract P448: Exploring Socioeconomic Inequalities In Coronary Heart Disease Prevention
Authors: Ahmed R , O'Flaherty Martin , Hawkins N , Lucy J , Capewell Simon 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Between 2000 and 2007, coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality rates in England plummeted by one third. An important part of this substantial CHD mortality decline was achieved through reductions in major cardiovascular risk factors (primary prevention). However, the relative contributions from medications and from population-wide changes remains unclear, particularly the effects on health inequalities.

Methods:
Using a previously validated policy model, the fall in CHD mortality in England was analysed. The contributions from risk factor declines in asymptomatic individuals through medications and through population-wide changes were quantified. Data were stratified using the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD). Model outputs were quantified as deaths prevented or postponed (DPPs).

Results:
Between 2000 and 2007, approximately 21,900 fewer CHD deaths were attributable to risk factor declines in systolic blood pressure and cholesterol in the English population.

Some 7,100 of these 21,900 fewer deaths (DPPs) were attributed to medications (32%) and approximately 14,800 DPPs were attributed to secular changes in asymptomatic individuals (68%).
Substantial declines in systolic blood pressure were responsible for approximately 14,300 fewer deaths. This comprised approximately 12,500 DPPs attributable to population-wide changes and some 1,800 DPPs attributable to hypertension medications. The hypertension medications resulted in approximately 350 fewer deaths in the most affluent quintile compared with 270 DPP in the most deprived. In contrast, the population-wide (secular) falls in blood pressure resulted in approximately 2400 fewer deaths in the most deprived quintile compared with only 1900 DPPs in the most affluent.
Cholesterol falls resulted in approximately 7,700 fewer deaths. This comprised some 5,300 fewer deaths attributable to statin medications and approximately 2,400 fewer deaths attributable to population-wide changes (mostly diet).
Statin medications prevented more deaths in the most affluent quintile (1050 DPPs) compared with the most deprived (770 DPPs). Population-wide changes in cholesterol prevented substantially more deaths in the most deprived quintile (820 DPPs) compared with the most affluent (260 DPPs).

Conclusions:
Population-based declines in blood pressure and cholesterol resulted in much greater reductions in CHD deaths than did primary prevention medications.

Mortality falls were greatest in the most deprived quintiles, mainly reflecting their bigger initial burden of disease. Future CHD prevention policies should prioritise healthier diets ahead of medications.
Abstract 11993: Three Year Clinical and Imaging Data of the Paclitaxel-Eluting Absorbable Magnesium Scaffold (Dreams) From the Biosolve-I Study
Authors: Haude Michael , Erbel Raimund , Erne Paul , Verheye Stefan , Vermeersch Paul , Degen Hubertus , Böse Dirk , Waksman Ron , Weissman Neil , Prati Francesco , Koolen Jacques 
Published: July 2021

AIMS:
In order to assess the long term safety, clinical performance and the bioabsorption process of the paclitaxel-pluting absorbable magnesium scaffold (DREAMS) 3-year clinical data and multi-modality imaging outcomes are reported.

METHODS AND RESULTS:
Forty-six subjects were enrolled in the first-in-man BIOSOLVE-I study in two different cohorts with clinical follow-up at 1, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months; angiographic and IVUS follow-up for cohort 1 at 6-month and for cohort 2 at 12-month. A subgroup of patients underwent OCT and vasomotion testing. The primary endpoint is Target Lesion Failure (TLF) at 6-month for cohort 1 and at 12-month for cohort 2. For some patients also 18-month and 24-month imaging data are available.TLF rate at 36-month was 6.8% including 2 TLRs and 1 peri-procedural MI occurring at the 12-month follow-up angiography; no events emerged from 12- to 36-month. No cardiac death or scaffold thrombosis was observed.

Vasoconstriction after acetylcholine at 6-month (delta=-10.04%; p=0.0008 versus baseline) followed by vasodilatation after nitroglycerine (delta=8.69%; p<0.0001 versus baseline) demonstrates the uncaging aspect of the absorption process with no further change at the 12-month follow-up. Six-month virtual histology (VH) data showed a significant decrease in the dense calcium by 39.5% (p=0.0015) remaining stable from 6- to 12-month follow-up.This decrease is interpreted as a surrogate assessment for the bioabsorption process of the scaffold material.
Echogenicity data using the decrease in intensity of the ultrasound signal to quantify the change in strut structure demonstrate a continuous decrease in % hyperechogenicity over the follow-up period, with the most pronounced changes within the first 6 months (22 to 16% p<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:
DREAMS shows excellent safety and efficacy data with no death and no scaffold thrombosis up to 3 years in the BIOSOLVE-I trial. Multi-modality imaging documented the absorption process and the uncaging aspect of this device already at 6 months.
Abstract 14958: Global Longitudinal Strain is a Superior Predictor of All-cause Mortality Compared to Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in Male Patients with Heart Failure and Without Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Sengeløv Morten , Biering-Sørensen Tor , Jørgensen Peter Godsk , Bruun Niels Eske , Fritz-Hansen Thomas , Bech Jan , Olsen Flemming Javier , Sivertsen Jacob , Jensen Jan Skov 
Published: July 2021

Object:
Myocardial strain deformation analysis (global strain) may be superior to left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in predicting all-cause mortality in patients with heart failure.

Methods:
In this retrospective study transthoracic echocardiographic examinations were retrieved from Gentofte Hospital heart failure clinic’s database in 1061 patients. The echocardiographic images were subsequently analyzed and conventional echocardiographic parameters and strain data were obtained.

Results:
During a median follow-up of 40 months 177 (16.7 %) patient died. Mean LVEF was 23.7 % and mean global strain was -8.12.884 (83.3%) were patients alive at follow-up and mean LVEF was 28.2 % while mean global strain was -9.86 %.

The risk of dying increased with decreasing tertile of global strain being approximately three times higher for the patients in the lower tertile compared to the highest tertile (1. tertile vs 3. tertile HR: 3.38 95% CI: 2.3 [[Unable to Display Character: &#8211;]] 5.1), p-value: 0.001.
Many of the conventional echocardiographic parameters proved to be predictors of mortality. Global strain remained an independent predictor of mortality in cox proportional-hazards models after adjusting for age, gender, BMI, total cholesterol, heart rate, atrial fibrillation, non-independent diabetes mellitus and conventional echocardiographic parameters (p-value: 0.014, 95% CI: 1.04 [[Unable to Display Character: &#8211;]] 1.37) while ejection fraction proved to be insignificant adjusted for aforementioned characteristics (p-value: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.96 [[Unable to Display Character: &#8211;]] 1.05
Atrial fibrillation modified the relationship between GLS and mortality (p for interaction = 0.023). HR 1.08 (CI 0.97 to 1.19, p=0.150) and HR 1.22 (CI 1.15 to 1.29, p<0.001) per 10 % decrease in GLS for patients with and without atrial fibrillation, respectively. Gender also modified the relationship between mean GLS and mortality (p for interaction = 0.047); HR 1.23 (CI 1.16 to 1.30, p<0.001) and HR 1.09 (CI 0.99 to 1.20, p=0.083) per 10 % decrease in GLS for men and women, respectively.

Conclusion:
In male patients with systolic heart failure and without atrial fibrillation global strain is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality. Furthermore, global strain proved to be a superior prognosticator when compared to left ventricular ejection fraction.
Abstract 16682: No Increased Risk of Early or Late Adjudicated Cardiovascular Events With Dapagliflozin
Authors: List James , Sonesson Christian , Gause-Nilsson Ingrid , Ptaszynska Agata , Johnsson Eva , Johansson Peter A , Frederich Bob 
Published: July 2021

Dapagliflozin (DAPA), a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, reduces plasma glucose in patients (pts) with type 2 diabetes by inhibiting renal glucose reuptake leading to glucosuria. DAPA has diuretic and longterm weight loss effects, and is associated with blood pressure (BP) reduction. Diuresis and BP reduction are evident soon after commencement of therapy, raising the question of whether there could be time dependent effects on cardiovascular safety. Data were pooled from 21 double blind phase 2b and phase 3 studies of DAPA with duration of treatment of up to 4 years and analyzed for prospectively adjudicated composite CV event end points, both for major adverse cardiac events ([MACE]; CV death, myocardial infarction, and stroke) and for the prespecified primary end point of MACE plus unstable angina (UA). The pt cohort (n=5936 for DAPA; n=3403 for controls) included 3214 pts with a history of CV disease. As previously reported, the overall hazard ratio for the primary end point between DAPA and control cohorts was 0.79 (95% CI 0.58-1.07). For MACE it was 0.77 (95% CI 0.54-1.10). Although the hazard rates (HR) per month demonstrated large variation, the HR for the primary end point and for MACE in the DAPA group in the first 30 days were similar to later time points, showing no evidence of an early increase in risk (Figure). Kaplan-Meier estimates of both end points showed no notable separation between DAPA and control in the first 30 days of treatment; however, a separation favoring DAPA started at approximately 250 days that was not statistically significant. Baseline characteristics for pts who had events in the first 30 days were similar to those of the general population and did not suggest a population with early risk for MACE events. Results were consistent across composite end points and pt subgroups with respect to history of a CV event.
In conclusion, there was no increase in early CV events with DAPA, and no evidence for a population susceptible to early CV events with DAPA.
Abstract 16772: Discovery of a Novel Approach for Modulating Angiogenesis: The Interaction Between Heat Shock Protein 27 and ATP5A1 Promotes Endothelial Cell Dynamics
Authors: Li Yumei , Shi Chunhua , Chen Yongxiang , Koumbadinga Geremy , Adijiang Ayinuer , O’Brien Edward R 
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
ATP5A1 is the alpha subunit of the soluble F1 catalytic core of mitochondrial ATP synthase that catalyzes ATP synthesis. Previous studies identified ATP synthase as the receptor for the anti-angiogenic factor, angiostatin. We demonstrated that Heat Shock Protein 27 (HSP27) functions in the extracellular space to accelerate re-endothelialization (FASEB 2014) and more recently using mass spectrometry identified ATP5A1 as a potential cell membrane client protein of HSP27.

Hypothesis:
HSP27 interacts with ATP5A1 to promote endothelial dynamics.

Methods / Results:
(1) The binding of HSP27 to ATP5A1 was quantified using an ELISA by coating plates with an anti-ATP5A1 antibody. While a negative control truncated C-terminus form of HSP27 did not bind ATP5A1, full length HSP27 showed an abundant binding pattern to HSP27 that was further enhanced by the presence of auto-antibodies to HSP27.

(2) As detected by immunofluorescence imaging and use of a fluorescent activated cell sorter, ATP5A1 expression was up-regulated in endothelial cells that over-express HSP27.
(3) ATP production in endothelial cells was increased after exposure to HSP27 (p<0.01 vs. control; detected using a Luciferin-Luciferase ATP detection assay).
(4) Endothelial cell migration in vitro was increased with the addition of HSP27. Indeed, HSP27 in combination with anti-HSP27 auto-antibodies potentiated the interaction with ATP5A1.

Conclusions:
The interaction of HSP27 with cell membrane localized ATP5A1 appears to be a key mechanism of enhancing endothelial cell dynamics. Interestingly, the presence of auto-antibodies to HSP27 potentiates this effect and is explained in separately described data regarding anti-HSP27 immune phenomena in cell signaling. These data provide for the first time impetus for the development of angiogenesis modulating strategies that either promote or antagonize the interaction between HSP27 and ATP5A1 in order to enhance or suppress angiogenesis, respectively.
Abstract 17341: A 19-Year-Old Female with Recurrent Chylopericardium
Authors: Chen Cheng-Han , Kleiber Angela , Megerdichian Christine , Fonarow Gregg C , Baas Arnold S 
Published: July 2021

A 19-year-old female initially presented to an outside hospital with worsening shortness of breath over the course of hours. Echocardiogram revealed a large pericardial effusion with tamponade physiology. An urgent pericardiocentesis followed by a pericardial window yielded 600cc of cloudy fluid, and work-up for infectious, auto-immune, and malignant etiologies was unrevealing. She was discharged home, but over the next four weeks developed a repeat pericardial effusion requiring another pericardiocentesis yielding 750cc of cloudy fluid.
She then presented to our hospital two weeks later with progressive shortness of breath. Echocardiogram revealed a large pericardial effusion with evidence of early tamponade physiology. Our differential diagnosis for her recurrent pericardial effusions remained broad, with infectious and malignant etiologies at the top of consideration. Computed tomography of the chest demonstrated the pericardial effusion and mild mediastinal adenopathy. She underwent another pericardial window with removal of 600cc of milky fluid, and fluid analysis was notable for a markedly elevated triglyceride level consistent with a diagnosis of chylopericardium. Work-up for malignancy as an etiology for recurrent chylopericardium was negative. A percutaneous lymphangiogram was then performed, which revealed a significant leak in the superior aspect of the thoracic duct into the pericardial space. Percutaneous embolization of the thoracic duct was performed using detachable coils along with embolic glue, resulting in resolution of the leak. She has since remained asymptomatic, and follow-up echocardiogram was without recurrence of any pericardial effusion.
This case of idiopathic recurrent chylopericardium as the cause for pericardial effusion represents a rare manifestation of a relatively common cardiac condition. It illustrates the importance of routine pericardial fluid analysis for triglycerides, as this led to her correct diagnosis of chylopericardium. The use of percutaneous thoracic duct embolization has only recently been reported as a novel approach for treatment of chylous leak, and may emerge as a useful alternative to surgery for recurrent chylopericardium.
Abstract 17360: Four Factors Explain Most of the Gender Disparity in Statin Therapy
Authors: Zhang Huabing , Plutzky Jorge , Shubina Maria , Turchin Alexander 
Published: July 2021

Despite well documented gender disparities in statin therapy, the reasons underlying these differences remain obscure. Applying natural language processing to a retrospective cohort of 24,338 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) treated in primary care practices (PCP) affiliated with two academic medical centers between 01/01/2000 and 12/31/2011, we studied contribution of smoking, age, cardiologist evaluation and adverse statin reactions to gender differences in statin use.
Two thirds of the patients were men (Table); 85.6% received statins during the study period and 69.7% had persistent statin therapy (active statin prescription at the last PCP visit). Women were less likely than men to have been treated with a statin but equally likely to have persistent statin therapy after statin initiation. Women were older, less likely to have ever smoked, less likely to have been seen by a cardiologist and more likely to have reported an adverse reaction to a statin.
In multivariable analysis of all subjects, patients with history of smoking (OR 1.304), younger age (OR 1.016), or cardiologist evaluation (OR 1.797) were more likely (p < 0.001 for all) to have persistent statin therapy. Direct estimations of the effect of the differences in joint distributions of the covariates between men and women showed the following contributions to gender differences in persistent statin therapy: age 51.7%, smoking 31.5%, cardiologist evaluation 24.2%, and adverse statin reactions 6.7%. Together, these four factors contributed 89.9% to the gender disparity in persistent statin therapy.
In 24,000 patients in whom statin therapy was clearly indicated, several specific factors appear to underlie differences in statin therapy and it’s persistent use between men and women. Identifying such drivers may facilitate interventions and further research to overcome gender differences in applying proven interventions for cardiovascular risk reduction.
Abstract 17491: Impact of Prehospital Administration of Antithrombotic Medications on Infarct-related Artery Patency in ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction: Results from the FAST-MI 2010 Registry
Authors: Puymirat Etienne , Cottin Yves , Montalescot Gilles , Bonnefoy-Cudraz Eric , Bonello Laurent , Belle Loic , Le Breton Herve , Steg Ph Gabriel , Ferrieres Jean , Simon Tabassome , Danchin Nicolas ,   for the FAST-MI investigators
Published: July 2021

Rationale:
The role of prehospital (PH) antithrombotic medications in STEMI is debated; real-world data are scarce. We used the FAST-MI 2010 data to assess TIMI flow before PCI, in relation to PH administration of antithrombotic medications and timing of coronary angiography.

Methods and Results:
FAST-MI is a nationwide French registry including consecutive AMI patients in 213 centers in November 2010. Of 2364 STEMI patients, 2035 had TIMI flow assessed pre-intervention (1458 primary PCI, 289 lysis, 288 no reperfusion therapy); 41% had TIMI flow 2/3. PH use of antithrombotics was: ASA 52%, clopidogrel 37%, prasugrel 7%, GP IIb-IIIa 4%; unfractionated heparin 24%, other anticoagulants 22%.

Mean age, risk factors, medical history, GRACE score, location of infarct did not differ between patients with TIMI 2/3 vs 0/1 flow. IRA patency was higher with time from onset to call less than 120min (45% vs 35%, P<0.001), and time from ECG to angio over 120 min (48% vs 33%,P<0.001).
In the whole population, % TIMI flow 2/3 was higher with PH lytics (78% vs 42%, P<0.001) and differed according to PH antithrombotic use: no antiplatelet 42%, ASA alone 39%, clopidogrel 53.5%, prasugrel 58%, GPIIb-IIIa 40%; no anticoagulant 43%, UFH 46%, other anticoagulants 55%. Lysis (OR 5.67, 3.67-8.77), and combination of dual antiplatelets and anticoagulants (OR 1.59, 1.20-2.12) were independent correlates of higher patency.
In patients with primary PCI, individual medications were not significantly correlated with IRA patency. Combined dual antiplatelet and anticoagulants, however, was a significant correlate of higher TIMI2/3 flow (adjusted OR 1.43, 1.05-1.96), as were shorter duration from onset to call (OR 1.53, 1.13-2.08) and longer time from ECG to angio (OR upper tertile vs lower tertile 1.65, 1.14-2.37).
ST-segment resolution, reinfarction, stent thrombosis and TIMI major bleeding did not differ according to PH antithrombotics.

Conclusion:
In the whole population of STEMI patients (including lytic-treated patients), as in patients with primary PCI, PH administration of combined antiplatelet and anticoagulants is associated with increased IRA patency. In contrast, none of the individual antithrombotic medications significantly improved IRA patency.
Abstract 17784: The Genesips Project: an NHLBI-Sponsored induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSC) Resource for the Study of Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Carcamo-Orive Ivan , Cundiff Paige , Lancero Hope , Shahbazi Mohammad , Abbasi Fahim , Abraham Sheena , Reaven Gerald , Whalen Sean , D’Souza Sunita , Pandey Gaurav , Patel Achchhe , Schadt Eric , Lemischka Ihor , Knowles Joshua , Quertermous Thomas 
Published: July 2021

The study of complex cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been hampered by the lack of appropriate human cellular model systems. In response, the NHBLI sponsored the NextGen Consortium, which encompasses 9 independent efforts spanning the portfolio of NHLBI related phenotypes. The goals of the consortium include: 1. To develop and improve methods for large-scale production and characterization of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) models for CVD; 2. To create a resource of iPSC lines from a large number of phenotypically and genotypically characterized individuals.
Our GENESiPS project is focused on insulin resistance (IR), a condition that affects 25-33% of the US population with serious health consequences including risk of type II diabetes and CVD. Although much is known about the physiological changes occurring during IR, little is known about the molecular pathways that drive the appearance of IR. Certain mature cell types as adipocytes, endothelial cells and skeletal muscle cells have been associated with the origin, maintenance and progression of IR. IPSCs offer an unprecedented opportunity of modeling human disease in vitro. We have created iPSC lines on insulin resistant and insulin sensitive patient groups with prior GWAS genotyping. Differentiation of these iPSCs to relevant cell types is providing the opportunity to correlate insulin sensitivity and high-density genetic variation data with specific cell-based profiling. We will validate our in vitro model and study the molecular pathways that define IR and its relationship to endothelial dysfunction.
Relevant to the larger scientific community the establishment of iPSC lines on over 150 individuals (3 to 6 clones per patient) that reflect the range of insulin resistance in the general population. The iPSC lines were created from erythroblasts using the non-integrative Sendai virus system, passaged to allow clearance of Sendai virus and growth in feeder free conditions. The lines have been extensively characterized for markers of pluripotency (Tra1-60), sample identity and genomic integrity. Through the NextGen consortium, these lines, as well as phenotypic and genome-wide genotyping data will be available to qualified investigators.