bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UPLC‐MS/MS assay for the simultaneous determination of pyrotinib and its oxidative metabolite in rat plasma: Application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Chai Hui , Ai Yanhong , Cao Zhigang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPyrotinib is an irreversible EGFR/HER2 inhibitor that has been approved for the treatment of breast cancer. The aim of this work was to establish a quantification method for the simultaneous determination of pyrotinib and its metabolite pyrotinib‐lactam in rat plasma using UPLC‐MS/MS. After simple protein precipitation with acetonitrile, the analytes and internal standard (neratinib) were separated on an ACQUITY BEH C18 column (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) using a mobile phase of water containing 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile. The detection was performed using selected reaction monitoring mode with precursor‐to‐product ion transitions at m/z 583.2 > 138.1 for pyrotinib, m/z 597.2 > 152.1 for pyrotinib‐lactam, and m/z 557.2 > 112.1 for internal standard. The assay exhibited excellent linearity in the concentration range of 0.5–1000 ng/mL for pyrotinib and pyrotinib‐lactam. The assay met the criteria of the United States Food and Drug Administration–validated bioanalytical methods and was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of pyrotinib and its metabolite for the first time. Our results demonstrated that pyrotinib rapidly converted into pyrotinib‐lactam, whose in vivo exposure was 21% that of pyrotinib.
MicroRNA‐410 serves as a candidate biomarker in hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy newborns and provides neuroprotection in oxygen‐glucose deprivation‐injured PC12 and SH‐SY5Y cells
Authors: Meng Qinghong , Yang Peipei , Lu Yuanyuan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundMicroRNA‐410 (miR‐410) has been found to be deregulated in neonatal hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). However, the clinical significance and biological function of miR‐410 remain largely elusive. This study aims to investigate the expression and diagnostic performance of miR‐410 in HIE newborns, and explores the neuroprotective effect of miR‐410 in an oxygen‐glucose deprivation (OGD)‐induced cell injury model.MethodsExpression of miR‐410 was examined using quantitative real‐time PCR, and its diagnostic performance was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic analysis. We used OGD‐injured PC12 and SH‐SY5Y cells to construct an in vitro HIE model. The effect of miR‐410 on OGD‐induced cell injury was analyzed by assessing cell viability and apoptosis. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was used to evaluate inflammation in cell model. A target gene was assessed according to the luciferase reporter assay.ResultsSerum miR‐410 expression was significantly decreased in HIE newborns and OGD‐injured cell model. The reduced miR‐410 expression served as a biomarker for the diagnosis and progression of HIE. The OGD‐induced impaired cell viability, enhanced cell apoptosis, and activated neuroinflammation were abrogated by the overexpression of miR‐140 in both PC12 and SH‐SY5S cells. Regarding the mechanisms underlying the function of miR‐410, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) was proposed as a direct target of miR‐410.ConclusionAll data revealed that serum downregulated miR‐410 in HIE serves as candidate diagnostic biomarker, and that miR‐410 exerts a neuroprotective role in OGD‐injured cells by improving cell viability and inhibiting cell apoptosis through targeting PTEN.
A clinical variable‐based nomogram could predict the survival for advanced NSCLC patients receiving second‐line atezolizumab
Authors: Shang Xiaoling , Shi Jianxiang , Wang Xiaohui , Zhao Chenglong , Yu Haining , Wang Haiyong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveA nomogram model based on clinical variables was conducted to predict the survival in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving second‐line atezolizumab.MethodsFour hundred and twenty‐four patients with NSCLC receiving atezolizumab from OAK study were regarded as the training cohort. Next, a nomogram model based on clinical variables in the training cohort was established to predict the survival of patients receiving atezolizumab. The concordance index, area under curve (AUC), and calibration plots were used to assess the performance of the nomogram model. In addition, 144 patients with NSCLC receiving atezolizumab from POPLAR study were regarded as the test cohort to validate the nomogram model. Using Kaplan–Meier and log‐rank test, we compared the survival difference between the high‐ and low‐risk groups, atezolizumab and docetaxel treatment groups, respectively.ResultsWe successfully constructed a nomogram model based on different variable scores for predicting the survival in NSCLC patients receiving atezolizumab using the training cohort. According to risk score, patients receiving atezolizumab were divided into the high‐ and low‐risk groups. Importantly, in the training cohort, patients had worse overall survival (OS) in high‐risk group compared with the low‐risk group (median survival: 252.3 vs. 556.9 days; p < 0.0001). As expected, in the test cohort, the high‐risk patients also showed a worse OS (median survival: 288.8 vs. 529.3 days, p = 0.0003). In addition, all the patients from the training and test cohorts could be found the OS benefit from atezolizumab compared with docetaxel (all, p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe clinical variable‐based nomogram model could predict the survival benefit for NSCLC patients receiving second‐line atezolizumab.
Psychological implications and rehabilitation programmes due to football‐related injuries
Authors: Borg Anthea Fernanda , Falzon Ruth , Muscat Adele 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis research explored the experience of footballers who had experienced a sports‐related injury and sought psychological and/or counselling support. What interventions did athletes find helpful/not helpful for coping with such an experience?MethodDrawing upon the principles of phenomenology, hermeneutics, and ideography, interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used to provide insight into the athletes’ experiences and their personal perceptions of the injury. Semi‐structured interviews with six Maltese top‐level football players who have sustained and overcome a sports‐related injury were used for the collection of data.FindingsThe athletes’ appraisals of their injury were explored, and their attitudes towards the different forms of support received and the psychological interventions used were identified. Despite the psychological support sought and received on a personal level, the participants suggested that their mental health was often overlooked by their clubs, leaving them with feelings of helplessness and insecurity.RecommendationsRecommendations, which can be adopted to create sports environments that promote athletes’ psychological well‐being, are presented. These include recruiting professional service providers such as counsellors and sport psychologists within clubs, as well as the promotion of such services to diminish the stigma around athletes’ mental health. Since sport psychologists usually focus on sports’ performance enhancement, it may be wise for clubs to create transdisciplinary teams, which include other health professionals, such as counsellors, for more in‐depth one‐to‐one counselling related to readiness to play. This suggests the implementation of holistic sport education programmes promoting mental well‐being. Recommendations for further research are also discussed.
Ventral calcification in the common femoral artery: A risk factor for major transcatheter aortic valve intervention access site complications
Authors: Staudacher Dawid L. , Braxmeier Katrin , Stachon Peter , Hilgendorf Ingo , Schlett Christopher , Zehender Manfred , von zur Mühlen Constantin , Bode Christoph , Heidt Timo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to identify risk factors for major transcatheter aortic valve intervention (TAVI) access site complications based on detailed analysis of the preprocedural computed tomography angiogram (CTA).BackgroundTransfemoral TAVI has become the treatment of choice for severe aortic stenosis in elderly patients, especially with increased perioperative risk. Frailty, however, favors complications at the vascular access site due to the large bore vascular sheath devices necessary for valve deployment.MethodsIn this monocentric study, we retrospectively analyzed the preprocedural CTA of 417 consecutive patients that received transfemoral TAVI between 2015 and 2019 to quantify vessel diameter, calcification volume and calcified plaque location in detail within 10 cm proximal to the femoral bifurcation.ResultsThe mean age of the study cohort was 81.4 ± 6.5 years with a STS of 8 ± 5.2 representing a population at increased periprocedural risk. 54.4% of patients were female. Major vascular access site complications occurred in 8.2% of patients. Major vascular complications correlated statistically with a sheath‐to‐vessel diameter (SFAR) when measured 1 cm proximal to the femoral bifurcation using a line‐derived diameter and ventral calcification within the first 5 cm proximal to the bifurcation. In contrast, overall calcification volume had no influence.ConclusionsTransfemoral TAVI harbors a considerable risk for vascular access site complications especially if vessel diameter is too small to comfortably host the sheath diameter at the area of the femoral bifurcation. For preprocedural TAVI planning and risk assessment, location of calcification, especially if located ventrally, seems to be more relevant than consideration of overall calcification alone.
Applying Common Equations of State to Three Reference Fluids: Water, Carbon Dioxide, and Helium
Authors: König Martin , Weber Sutter Markus 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThermodynamic properties such as density, vapor pressure, heat of evaporation, and the speed of sound for three pure reference fluids were computed applying various common equations of state over a fairly wide range of pressures and temperatures. The results obtained by rather basic equations of state were held against those from sophisticated reference equations, and contour plots were drawn indicating the respective error margins. Thereby, it was quantitatively illustrated within which limits cubic equations of state can be used for reasonably accurate calculations of various properties.
A superhydrophobic material based on an industrial solid waste for oil/water separation
Authors: Ren Tongyan , Wang Yuechuan , Fu Xiaowei , Jiang Liang , Yuan Anqian , Wei Zhengkai , Xu Hualiang , Lei Jingxin , He Ping , Xiao Yao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this study, we employed phosphogypsum, an important solid waste of the phosphorus chemical industry, to prepare a superhydrophobic material for oil/water separation using sodium metasilicate and stearic acid as the chemical modifiers through a facile method. This superhydrophobic material has rough micro–nano structure with low surface energy and possesses an average water contact angle of 151.5° as well as an average water sliding angle of 1.8°, showing extremely low adhesion to water. Due to its superhydrophobicity and superoleophilicity, this material can separate various oil/water mixtures with high separation efficiencies in the range from 92% to 97% by means of a simple apparatus driven by gravity. Additionally, the superhydrophobic material has high resistance to acidic solution and repeated separation, showing the reliability for harsh conditions and long‐term use. This superhydrophobic material prepared based on industrial solid waste is a good example of waste valorization.
Layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly of polyethersulphone microfiltration membranes for dye removal and flux recovery improvement
Authors: da Silva Luiz Henrique Biscaia Ribeiro , Paixão Rebecca Manesco , Bergamasco Rosangela , Vieira Angélica Marquetotti Salcedo , Vieira Marcelo Fernandes 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCommercial polyethersulphone (PES) microfiltration (MF) membranes were modified with sulphuric acid, chitosan (CHS), and graphene oxide (GO) by the layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly method via electrostatic interaction using a pressurized filtration system. The sulphonation of the PES MF membranes was achieved through the filtration of a 10 wt.% sulphuric acid solution. The negatively charged surface of the PES MF membrane allowed the interaction between amino groups present in CHS, and finally, the membrane substrate received a negatively charged layer through the filtration of a GO solution. Characterization analysis such as contact angle, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR) proved that the membranes were successfully modified. The effect of CHS and GO masses were analyzed, the membrane that showed the best performance was MF CHS1GO0.5 with a rejection of 100% of the Reactive Black 5 (RB5) dye, hydraulic permeability of 10.18 L/m2 · h · bar, and flux recovery ratio of 71.21%. Also, this membrane was able to be reused in three cycles, maintaining a rejection of RB5 higher than 85% during the last cycle. Therefore, the study provides an interesting alternative for the removal of anionic dyes solubilized in water from the textile industry.
South American fires and their impacts on ecosystems increase with continued emissions
Authors: Burton Chantelle , Kelley Douglas I. , Jones Chris D. , Betts Richard A. , Cardoso Manoel , Anderson Liana 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUnprecedented fire events in recent years are leading to a demand for improved understanding of how climate change is already affecting fires, and how this could change in the future. Increased fire activity in South America is one of the most concerning of all the recent events, given the potential impacts on local ecosystems and the global climate from the loss of large carbon stores under future socio‐environmental change. However, due to the complexity of interactions and feedbacks, and lack of complete representation of fire biogeochemistry in many climate models, there is currently low agreement on whether climate change will cause fires to become more or less frequent in the future, and what impact this will have on ecosystems. Here we use the latest climate simulations from the UK Earth System Model UKESM1 to understand feedbacks in fire, dynamic vegetation, and terrestrial carbon stores using the JULES land surface model, taking into account future scenarios of change in emissions and land use. Based on evaluation of model performance for the present day, we address the specific policy‐relevant question: how much fire‐induced carbon loss will there be over South America at different global warming levels in the future? We find that burned area and fire emissions are projected to increase in the future due to hotter and drier conditions, which leads to large reductions in carbon storage, especially when combined with increasing land‐use conversion. The model simulates a 30% loss of carbon at 4°C under the highest emission scenario, which could be reduced to 7% if temperature rise is limited to 1.5°C. Our results provide a critical assessment of ecosystem resilience under future climate change, and could inform the way fire and land‐use is managed in the future to reduce the most deleterious impacts of climate change.
Giant cell tumor of thyroid cartilage: A diagnostic dilemma on aspiration cytology
Authors: Anandani Garima M. , Yadav Rajni , Verma Hitesh , Jain Deepali , Mathur Sandeep , Iyer Venkateswaran K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGiant cell tumor of the larynx is an uncommon entity with only 44 cases reported in the literature. These tumors occur most commonly in the epiphysis of the long bones of female patients in third decade. Here in we report a case of 23 years old male patient who presented with an anterior neck swelling since past 4 months. Ultrasound and computed tomography of neck revealed a heterogenously enhancing lesion involving posteroinferior half of right thyroid cartilage with extension into the extra laryngeal strap muscle and intralaryngeal right true vocal cord and false vocal cord. The findings were suggestive of a neoplastic cartilagenous lesion. A fine needle aspiration of the right anterior neck mass was performed which showed many mononuclear cells along with multinucleated osteoclast type giant cells. No thyroid follicular cells or inflammatory cells were seen. A diagnosis of giant cell tumor of the thyroid cartilage was rendered on cytology. A biopsy was subsequently performed for the patient which confirmed the same. Hence, although giant cell tumor of the larynx is a rare entity, with very few cases reported in the literature, these tumors should be included in the differential diagnosis of giant cell lesions of the neck and aspiration cytology can offer an accurate and quick diagnosis in such cases.
Phylogeographic analysis delimits three evolutionary significant units of least chipmunks in North America and identifies unique genetic diversity within the imperiled Peñasco population
Authors: Puckett Emily E. , Murphy Sean M. , Bradburd Gideon 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAlthough least chipmunks (Neotamias minimus) are a widely distributed North American species of least concern, the southernmost population, N. m. atristriatus (Peñasco least chipmunk), is imperiled and a candidate for federal listing as a subspecies. We conducted a phylogeographic analysis across the N. minimus range to assess genomic differentiation and distinctiveness of the N. m. atristriatus population. Additionally, we leveraged the historical component of sampling to conduct a temporal analysis of N. minimus genetic diversity and also considered climate change effects on range persistence probability by projecting a species distribution model into the IPCC5 RCP 2.6 and 8.5 scenarios. We identified three geographically structured groups (West, North, and South) that were supported by both mitochondrial and nuclear data. N. m. atristriatus grouped within a unique South subclade but were not reciprocally monophyletic from N. m. operarius, and nuclear genome analyses did not separate N. m. atristriatus, N. m. caryi, and N. m. operarius. Thus, while least chipmunks in the Southwest represent an evolutionary significant unit, subspecies distinctions were not supported and listing of the Peñasco population as a Distinct Population Segment of N. m. operarius may be warranted. Our results also support consideration of populations with North and West mitogenomes as two additional evolutionary significant units. We found that N. minimus genetic diversity declined by ~87% over the last century, and our models predicted substantial future habitat contraction, including the loss of the full contemporary ranges of N. m. atristriatus, N. m. arizonensis, and N. m. chuskaensis.
Analysis of gut microbiota in three species belonging to different genera (Hemitragus, Pseudois, and Ovis) from the subfamily Caprinae in the absence of environmental variance
Authors: Sun Guolei , Xia Tian , Wei Qinguo , Dong Yuehuan , Zhao Chao , Yang Xiufeng , Zhang Lei , Wang Xibao , Sha Weilai , Zhang Honghai 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to identify the effects of host species on the gut microbial flora in three species (Hemitragus jemlahicus, Pseudois nayaur, and Ovis orientalis) from the subfamily Caprinae, by excluding the impact of environment factors. We investigated the differences in intestinal flora of three species belonging to Caprinae, which were raised in identical conditions. Fecal samples were collected from tahr, mouflon, and bharal, and the V3–V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene was analyzed by high‐throughput sequencing. The analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences reveals that fecal samples were mainly composed of four phyla: Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, and Proteobacteria. The most abundant phyla included Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes accounting for >90% of the bacteria, and a higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was observed in tahrs. Moreover, significant differences existed at multiple levels of classifications in the relative abundance of intestinal flora, differing greatly between species. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene indicated that mouflon is closely related to bharal, and it is inconsistent with previous reports in the species evolutionary relationships. In this study, we demonstrated that the gut microbiota in tahr had a stronger ability to absorb and store energy from the diet compared with mouflon and bharal, and the characteristics of host–microbiome interactions were not significant.
Corrosion protection of soft‐cast steel in 1 M HCl with Araucaria heterophylla leaves extract
Authors: Rathod Manohar R. , Rajappa S. K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe mass‐loss, polarization tests, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic strategies were applied to assess the inhibition performance of the environmentally friendly inhibitor Araucaria heterophylla leaves extract (AHLE) for soft‐cast steel corrosion safety in 1 M HCl at 300 ± 1 K. The environmentally friendly inhibitor creates a protective coat on soft‐cast steel that decelerates the corrosion process in acidic environments. The percentage inhibition effectiveness, corrosion current density, corrosion potential, cathodic and anodic Tafel slopes are being assessed. The outcomes of chemical and electrochemical research are almost similar. The inhibitor's inhibition activity was well illustrated by the AHLE adsorption on soft‐cast steel follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. According to the study, AHLE is a mixed kind of inhibitor. Experiments were conducted with varying inhibitor amounts and temperatures. The calculated values were in the range of −33.75 to −34.40 kJ/mol, which discloses the corrosion inhibitory action is exothermic and spontaneous. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and contact angle techniques were used to determine the association of the AHLE on the metal surface.
Engineering of aerogel‐based electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Gao Cunyuan , Zhang Xin , Zhan Jinhua , Cai Bin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is considered as one of the major roadblocks for many renewable electrochemical energy technologies, such as water splitting, rechargeable metal‐air batteries. Thus the development of efficient and low‐cost OER electrocatalysts has achieved a lot of research and development attention. Aerogels, as featured by large surface area, high porosity, and self‐supportability, provide an excellent platform for the design of efficient electrocatalysts. This review summarizes the recent progress of the aerogel‐based design of catalysts in tackling the challenges in the field of OER electrocatalysis. The correlation between catalyst design strategy and catalytic performances is evaluated to provide a roadmap for the development of aerogel‐based OER electrocatalysts. Thereafter, the current state of our understanding of the application of the aerogel concept in OER electrocatalysis is provided, which could serve as a guide to the development of future aerogel electrocatalysts.