bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trehalose can alleviate decreases in grain number per spike caused by low‐temperature stress at the booting stage by promoting floret fertility in wheat
Authors: Liang Zimeng , Luo Jian , Wei Bin , Liao Yuncheng , Liu Yang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlleviating the negative effects of low temperature at the booting stage on wheat grain number and yield is important for maintaining high and stable wheat yields. In this study, we selected wheat varieties with different levels of cold resistance, simulated low temperature at the booting stage and exogenously applied trehalose to study its effect on wheat floret development under low‐temperature stress and explore the physiological mechanism of that process. The results showed that higher levels of endogenous trehalose benefited wheat resistance to low‐temperature stress. Exogenous trehalose inhibited floret degeneration and increased floret fertility in the apical spikelets, thus significantly alleviating the decrease in grain number per spike caused by low temperature. The results of the metabolomics analysis as well as the physiological indexes showed that trehalose significantly promoted the assimilation of nitrogen in florets under low‐temperature stress, thus reducing the accumulation of ammonium ions in the plant cells. In addition, exogenous trehalose significantly increased the endogenous spermidine level in florets, increased their glutathione and ascorbic acid contents, promoted the glutathione‐ascorbic acid cycle, and thereby reduced the contents of reactive oxygen species in florets. This may be an important physiological mechanism by which trehalose alleviates the effect of low‐temperature stress on floret development in wheat.
‘Love makes me feel good inside and my heart is fixed’: What adults with intellectual disabilities have to say about love and relationships
Authors: McCarthy Michelle , Bates Claire , Elson Nicola , Hunt Siobhan , Milne‐Skillman Karen , Forrester–Jones Rachel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAdults with intellectual disabilities have historically been hindered, rather than supported, in their desire to form loving relationships. This paper sought to explore with them what kinds of support they wanted in the 21st Century.MethodSemi‐structured in‐depth interviews were conducted with 40 adults with intellectual disabilities in the United Kingdom.ResultsParticipants placed a high value on having a partner and being supported to maintain and develop a loving relationship. The factors which constrained them in achieving this included a lack of social opportunities, barriers created by social care services and limits on them exercising autonomy. Facilitating factors included access to specialist dating agencies, strong family and staff support and opportunities to learn about relationships.ConclusionsThe importance of a loving relationship as a source of pleasure and meaning in the lives of adults with intellectual disabilities who are often disadvantaged in many other spheres of life is emphasised.
The evolution of latitudinal ranges in reef‐associated fishes: Heritability, limits and inverse Rapoport's rule
Authors: Pie Marcio R. , Divieso Raquel , Caron Fernanda S. , Siqueira Alexandre C. , Barneche Diego R. , Luiz Osmar J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimVariation in the size and position of geographical ranges is a key variable that underlies most biogeographical patterns. However, relatively little is known in terms of general principles driving their evolution, particularly in the marine realm. In this study we explore several fundamental properties regarding the evolution of reef fish latitudinal ranges, namely the degree of similarity in range size between ancestor and descendant lineages (i.e. phylogenetic signal); the evolution of range limits; and the latitudinal distribution of range sizes, particularly with respect to Rapoport's rule.LocationGlobal.TaxonReef‐associated fishes.MethodsWe integrate data on the latitudinal distribution and evolutionary history of 5,071 reef fish species with phylogenetic comparative methods to assess the level of phylogenetic signal in latitudinal range size, low‐ and high‐latitude limits and range midpoints, and to estimate rates of evolution of those traits. Finally, we test whether latitudinal ranges become smaller near the equator, as predicted by Rapoport's rule, using phylogenetic generalized least squares.ResultsThere were varying levels of phylogenetic signal in latitudinal range size, low‐ and high‐latitude limits and range midpoints. Despite these differences, latitudinal midpoints were consistently shown to have the highest phylogenetic signal among all measured geographical features. Interestingly, the position of high‐latitude limits in general evolved at substantially faster rates than their low‐latitude counterparts. Finally, we confirm for the first time the existence of an inverse Rapoport's rule in reef‐associated fishes using phylogenetic comparative methods. Indeed, mean latitudinal range size of tropical species is nearly twice the size of their temperate counterparts (2,067 ± 1,431 km vs. 1,168 ± 725 km respectively).Main conclusionsWe uncovered several congruent patterns in phylogenetic signal and rates of evolution of latitudinal ranges, despite vastly disparate biogeographical distributions and ecological differences between the studied fish lineages. Such broad congruence across different taxa and oceans, as well as with previous data from terrestrial environments, suggests that the observed patterns might represent general principles governing geographical range evolution.
Implementation of coupled pattern recognition and regression artificial neural networks for mass estimation of headless‐shell‐on shrimp with random postures
Authors: Poonnoy Poonpat , Asavasanti Suvaluk 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn an actual sorting process, shrimps are fed to a machine‐vision‐based sorter at random postures. This study proposed an Enhanced Artificial Neural Network (E‐ANN) coupled with a Pattern Recognition ANN (P‐ANN) model to overcome the posture‐specificity of the regression ANN model commonly used for mass estimation of the headless‐shell‐on (HSO) shrimps. Images of 103 shrimps with seven different postures were used. The similarity of any shrimp image to the reference shrimp postures (i.e., extended‐legs, collapsed‐legs, curl body, and dorsal body) was determined by the P‐ANN model and used as additional input, besides the area and perimeter. The coupled‐ANN model could accurately estimate the mass of shrimps with random postures (R2 = 0.70 to 0.88 and MRE = −2.62 to 2.97%) within ~10 ms per shrimp, which is practical to use in an automatic shrimp sorting system based on machine vision technique. Further enhancement of the model performance could be achieved by adding color and texture features to distinguish different shrimp parts (e.g., body, legs, and tail).Practical ApplicationsThis research shows the potential of using a pattern recognition artificial neural network (P‐ANN) to cut the limitation of the conventional regression ANN model based on area and perimeter for shrimp mass estimation, which is specific to shrimp posture (or shape). Since the coupled P‐ANN and enhanced artificial neural network (E‐ANN) used a relatively short processing time (~10 ms per shrimp) and yielded less than 1 g error in the mass estimation of the headless‐shell‐on (HSO) shrimps with random postures, it is possible to incorporate this coupled ANN model in an automatic shrimp sorting system based on machine vision technique.
Frequency and clinical characteristics of special types of achalasia in Japan: A large‐scale, multicenter database study
Authors: Tanaka Shinwa , Abe Hirofumi , Sato Hiroki , Shiwaku Hironari , Minami Hitomi , Sato Chiaki , Ogawa Ryo , Shimamura Yuto , Yokomichi Hiroshi , Inoue Haruhiro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and AimAchalasia is a rare disease, with an incidence of one in 100 000. Genetic factors and autoimmune involvement have been reported in its etiology, and their involvement is strongly suspected, especially in patients with familial achalasia and those with comorbid hereditary or autoimmune diseases. However, these special types of achalasia are rare, and their frequency and clinical characteristics remain unclear.MethodsThis retrospective, multicenter cohort study included Japanese patients with a diagnosis of achalasia, treated between 2010 and 2019 across six tertiary centers in Japan. The frequency and clinical characteristics of special types of achalasia, namely, familial achalasia, achalasia with a comorbid hereditary disease, and achalasia with a comorbid autoimmune disease, were retrospectively investigated using a large‐scale multicenter database.ResultsDuring the study period, 1115 patients were treated for achalasia at six tertiary centers. Familial achalasia, achalasia with a comorbid hereditary disease, and achalasia with a comorbid autoimmune disease occurred in 7 (0.63%), 11 (0.99%), and 27 (2.4%) patients, respectively. Familial achalasia had a slightly younger age of onset (37.6 ± 12.1 years old) and a higher incidence in male patients (six patients; 85.7%). Down's syndrome was the most common hereditary comorbidity, and thyroid disease was the most common autoimmune comorbidity.ConclusionsWe clarified the frequency and clinical characteristics of special types of achalasia. Although special types of achalasia are rare, these comorbidities should be considered when treating patients with achalasia.
Impact of promoting healthy infant feeding practices on energy intake and anthropometric measures of children up to 6 years of age: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Sangalli Caroline N. , Leffa Paula S. , Valmórbida Júlia L. , Lumey L. H. , Vitolo Márcia R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe first 2 years of life are the window of opportunity to promote healthy feeding practices. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the impact of a health workers training in infant dietary guidelines on energy intake and anthropometric measurement into childhood.MethodsCluster randomised field trial (NCT00635453) was conducted in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Healthcare centres were randomised into intervention (n = 9) and control (n = 11) groups. In intervention sites, health workers were trained to promote healthy feeding practices based on the Brazilian guideline for children's nutrition. Pregnant women who were in the last trimester of pregnancy were registered as potential mothers who would receive dietary counselling from the health workers. Energy and macronutrient intake and anthropometric measurements were obtained from children at ages 6 months, 12 months, 3 years and 6 years from low‐income families.ResultsAt age 3 years, intervention group had lower consumption of energy [−92.5 kcal; 95% confidence interval (CI) = −153.5 to −31.5], carbohydrates (−11.9 g; 95% CI = −19.9 to −2.3), and total fat (−3.9 g; 95% CI = −6.2 to −1.2), compared to the control group. At 6 years of age, children in the intervention group had lower waist circumference (−1.3 cm; 95% CI = −2.7 to −0.0), triceps (−1.3 mm; 95% CI = −2.5 to −0.0) and subscapular skinfolds (−1.3 mm; 16 95% CI = −2.6 to −0.0) thickness measurements compared to those in the control group.ConclusionsThe health workers training to promote infant healthy feeding practices resulted in lower energy, carbohydrates and fat intake at 3 years and lower waist circumference, triceps and subscapular skinfolds measurements at 6 years.
What role do dietitians have in providing nutrition care for eating disorder treatment? An integrative review
Authors: Heafala Alana , Ball Lauren , Rayner Jessica , Mitchell Lana J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundDietitians are recognised as experts in nutrition care and essential members of multidisciplinary healthcare teams. However, the role of dietitians in caring for people with eating disorders is not well understood. The present review aimed to identify, critically appraise and synthesise the current evidence exploring the views and experiences of dietitians, other health professionals, patients and carers regarding the role of dietitians in the treatment of eating disorders.MethodsCINAHL, MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus and PsycINFO were searched in April 2020 and again in February 2021. Studies were included if they were original research; explored views and experiences of the role of dietitians in the treatment of eating disorders, including perceptions of patients, carers and other health professionals regarding nutrition care for eating disorders; and the full‐text article was available in English. Title and abstract screening, full‐text screening, quality assessment and data extraction were completed in duplicate. Quality assessment was conducted using the Mixed Methods Assessment Tool. Thematic synthesis was used for data analysis.ResultsFourteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Quantitative, qualitative and mixed‐methods study designs were included. Four themes emerged inductively from the data: (i) dietitians as collaborators, educators and counsellors; (ii) dietitians individualising care and desiring a holistic approach; (iii) opportunities for dietitians to gain confidence; and (iv) experiencing nutrition care as a patient or carer.ConclusionsThis review suggests that dietitians have a varied role in eating disorder treatment but desire further training. Understanding the training needs of dietitians can identify practice gaps and opportunities to enhance clinician confidence.
Global agri‐food chains in times of COVID‐19: The state, agribusiness, and agroecology in Argentina
Authors: Gras Carla , Hernández Valeria 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe issues posed by the unfolding impacts of COVID‐19 are very uneven in the case of Argentina, a major global commodity exporter. As domestic food prices have continued to rise, worsening the living conditions of millions, and state policies seek to guarantee the population's access to food, the hegemonic agribusiness sector is fostering new alliances to strengthen its integration into global agri‐food markets. A full understanding of agribusiness' strategies needs to address the changes brought about by the pandemic on peasant‐like farmers and rural workers, the alternatives they have developed (mainly agroecology) in their struggle against the dominant food regime in recent years, and explore the extent to which local expressions of this antagonism are being reshaped. In doing so, we also pay attention to the role of the state.
Too far to fall: Exploring the relationship between playground equipment and paediatric upper limb fractures
Authors: Curnow Hugh , Millar Robert 
Published: May 2021

AimPlayground equipment, most notably monkey bars, appears to be involved in a high proportion of upper limb fractures (ULFs) in the Australian paediatric population. Despite this, in 2014, Australian playground standards increased the maximum acceptable ‘free height of fall’ playground equipment from 2.5 to 3.0 m, and maintained monkey bars at 2.2 m. An updated snapshot regarding playground ULFs since these changes is important. This study aimed to determine the number and severity of playground ULFs in a paediatric population, compared to other common activities involved in ULFs.MethodsRecords of all patients aged 0–17 presenting to the Austin Hospital Paediatric Emergency Department with ULFs over a 12‐month period were analysed retrospectively. ULFs included fractures to the carpal bones, radius, ulna or humerus. Variables documented included the activity involved with the fracture, and fracture management. Results were analysed using descriptive statistics.ResultsA total of 725 ULF cases were collected. Playground equipment was involved in 23% (n = 162/697, missing n = 28) of fractures. Monkey bars were involved in 14% of fractures (n = 100/697, missing n = 28), 1.64 times more than the next most common activity. Monkey bars were involved in 62% (n = 100/162) of all playground fractures. In children aged 5–9, monkey bars were involved in 27% (n = 83/304) of ULFs. Monkey bars were furthermore involved in most cases of ‘severe’ fractures (requiring reduction/operation) (n = 33), with one‐third of monkey bar fractures being severe.ConclusionGiven these findings, the authors recommend a renewed focus on measures that reduce the frequency and severity of falls from monkey bars.
Melatonin augments the neuroprotective effects of hypothermia in lambs following perinatal asphyxia
Authors: Aridas James DS. , Yawno Tamara , Sutherland Amy E. , Nitsos Ilias , Wong Flora Y. , Hunt Rod W. , Ditchfield Michael , Fahey Michael C. , Malhotra Atul , Wallace Euan M. , Gunn Alistair J. , Jenkin Graham , Miller Suzanne L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTherapeutic hypothermia (TH) is standard care in high‐resource birth settings for infants with neonatal encephalopathy. TH is partially effective and adjuvant therapies are needed. Here, we examined whether the antioxidant melatonin (MLT) provides additive benefit with TH, compared to TH alone or MLT alone, to improve recovery from acute encephalopathy in newborn lambs. Immediately before cesarean section delivery, we induced asphyxia in fetal sheep via umbilical cord occlusion until mean arterial blood pressure fell from 55 ± 3 mm Hg in sham controls to 18‐20 mm Hg (10.1 ± 1.5 minutes). Lambs were delivered and randomized to control, control + MLT (60 mg iv, from 30 minutes to 24 hours), asphyxia, asphyxia + TH (whole‐body cooling to 35.1 ± 0.8°C vs. 38.3 ± 0.17°C in sham controls, from 4‐28 hours), asphyxia + MLT, and asphyxia + TH + MLT. At 72 hours, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was undertaken, and then brains were collected for neuropathology assessment. Asphyxia induced abnormal brain metabolism on MRS with increased Lactate:NAA (P = .003) and reduced NAA:Choline (P = .005), induced apoptotic and necrotic cell death across gray and white matter brain regions (P < .05), and increased neuroinflammation and oxidative stress (P < .05). TH and MLT were independently associated with region‐specific reductions in oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death, compared to asphyxia alone. There was an interaction between TH and MLT such that the NAA:Choline ratio was not significantly different after asphyxia + TH + MLT compared to sham controls but had a greater overall reduction in neuropathology than either treatment alone. This study demonstrates that, in newborn lambs, combined TH + MLT for neonatal encephalopathy provides significantly greater neuroprotection than either alone. These results will guide the development of further trials for neonatal encephalopathy.
Determinants of sleep problems in children with intellectual disability
Authors: Gilbertson Melissa , Richardson Cele , Eastwood Peter , Wilson Andrew , Jacoby Peter , Leonard Helen , Downs Jenny 
Published: May 2021

SummaryChildren with intellectual disabilities are more likely to experience sleep disorders of insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness and sleep breathing disorders than typically developing children. The present study examined risk factors for these sleep disorders in 447 children (aged 5–18 years), diagnosed with an intellectual disability and comorbid autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, Down syndrome or Rett syndrome. Primary caregivers reported on their child’s sleep using the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC), as well as medical comorbidities and functional abilities. Multivariate linear and logistic regressions were used to examine the effects of these factors on SDSC t scores and a binary indicator, respectively for the relevant subscales. Receiving operating characteristic curves were generated for each logistic regression model to determine their ability to discriminate between poor and good sleep. Comorbidities rather than functional abilities were associated with poorer sleep. In particular, recurrent pain, frequent seizures, frequent coughing, constipation and prescription of sleep medications were associated with abnormal sleep across the entire sample, but predictors differed between diagnostic groups. The present study suggests that comorbidities are more strongly associated with quality of sleep than functional impairments. The present study provides new information on potential associations between frequent coughing, prescription sleep medications and sleep quality that should be further investigated.
Sleep duration and physical performance during a 6‐week military training course
Authors: Edgar David T. , Gill Nicholas D. , Beaven Christopher Martyn , Zaslona Jennifer L. , Driller Matthew W. 
Published: May 2021

SummarySleep is vital in influencing effective training adaptations in the military. This study aimed to assess the relationship between sleep and changes in physical performance over 6 weeks of military training. A total of 22 officer‐trainees (age: 24 ± 5 years) from the New Zealand Defence Force were used for this prospective cohort study. Participants wore wrist‐actigraphs to monitor sleep, completed subjective wellbeing questionnaires weekly, and were tested for: 2.4‐km run time‐trial, maximum press‐up and curl‐ups before and after 6 weeks of training. Average sleep duration was calculated over 36 nights (6:10 ± 0:28 hr:min), and sleep duration at the mid‐point (6:15 hr:min) was used to stratify the trainees into two quantile groups (UNDERS: 5:51 ± 0:29 hr:min, n = 11) and (OVERS: 6:27 ± 0:09 hr:min, n = 11). There were no significant group × time interactions for 2.4‐km run, press‐ups or curl‐ups (p > .05); however, small effects were observed in favour of OVERS for 2.4‐km run (59.8 versus 44.9 s; d = 0.26) and press‐ups (4.7 versus 3.2 reps; d = 0.45). Subjective wellbeing scores resulted in a significant group × time interaction (p < .05), with large effect sizes in favour of the OVERS group for Fatigue in Week 1 (d = 0.90) and Week 3 (d = 0.87), and Soreness in Week 3 (d = 1.09) and Week 4 (d = 0.95). Sleeping more than 6:15 hr:min per night over 6 weeks was associated with small benefits to aspects of physical performance, and moderate to large benefits on subjective wellbeing measures when compared with sleeping < 6:15 hr:min.
Trade‐offs between reducing complex terminology and producing accurate interpretations from environmental DNA: Comment on “Environmental DNA: What's behind the term?” by Pawlowski et al., (2020)
Authors: Rodriguez‐Ezpeleta Naiara , Morissette Olivier , Bean Colin W. , Manu Shivakumara , Banerjee Pritam , Lacoursière‐Roussel Anaïs , Beng Kingsly C. , Alter S. Elizabeth , Roger Fabian , Holman Luke E. , Stewart Kathryn A. , Monaghan Michael T. , Mauvisseau Quentin , Mirimin Luca , Wangensteen Owen S. , Antognazza Caterina M. , Helyar Sarah J. , de Boer Hugo , Monchamp Marie‐Eve , Nijland Reindert , Abbott Cathryn L. , Doi Hideyuki , Barnes Matthew A. , Leray Matthieu , Hablützel Pascal I. , Deiner Kristy 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn a recent paper, “Environmental DNA: What's behind the term? Clarifying the terminology and recommendations for its future use in biomonitoring,” Pawlowski et al. argue that the term eDNA should be used to refer to the pool of DNA isolated from environmental samples, as opposed to only extra‐organismal DNA from macro‐organisms. We agree with this view. However, we are concerned that their proposed two‐level terminology specifying sampling environment and targeted taxa is overly simplistic and might hinder rather than improve clear communication about environmental DNA and its use in biomonitoring. This terminology is based on categories that are often difficult to assign and uninformative, and it overlooks a fundamental distinction within eDNA: the type of DNA (organismal or extra‐organismal) from which ecological interpretations are derived.