bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between knee radiographs and the timing of physical therapy in individuals with patellofemoral pain
Authors: Young Jodi L. , Snodgrass Suzanne J. , Cleland Joshua A. , Rhon Daniel I. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundRoutine knee radiographs are discouraged for individuals with nontraumatic knee pain, but they are often still ordered despite limited evidence of their value in guiding treatment choices. Radiograph utilization may delay the use of physical therapy, which has been associated with improved outcomes and lower long‐term costs.ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between obtaining knee radiographs for patients with patellofemoral pain (PFP) and the timing of physical therapy, and the association between ordering radiographs for patients who use physical therapy and the likelihood of knee pain recurrence.Study DesignRetrospective cohort.SettingUnited States Military Health System civilian and military clinics.PatientsA total of 23,332 individuals ages 18 to 50 years who were diagnosed with PFP between 2010 and 2011 in the United States Military Health System and who received physical therapy.InterventionsPhysical therapy provided to individuals with or without an initial radiograph.Main Outcome MeasuresTiming of physical therapy and recurrence of knee pain were compared between groups (with and without initial radiographs).ResultsIf radiographs were obtained, the odds of initiating physical therapy (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.64–0.94) within 30 days of the initial diagnosis were significantly lower. The mean days from diagnosis to initiating physical therapy was 12.1 (95% CI 9.1–16.1) if patients had radiographs versus 6.9 (95% CI 5.2–9.1) without. The odds of knee pain recurrence were no greater if radiographs were used (aOR 1.01, 95% CI 0.83–1.22).ConclusionsAcquisition of knee radiographs as part of initial care for PFP was associated with delayed initiation of physical therapy, but there was no association between early knee radiographs and recurrence of knee pain. Routine use of radiographs for PFP is not warranted, and can potentially delay appropriate treatment.
Changing trends in the prevalence of childhood asthma over 40 years in Greece
Authors: Ntzounas Alexandros , Giannakopoulos Ioannis , Lampropoulos Panagiotis , Vervenioti Aggeliki , Koliofoti Eleana‐Georgia , Malliori Styliani , Priftis Kostas N. , Dimitriou Gabriel , Anthracopoulos Michael B. , Fouzas Sotirios 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundA series of repeated questionnaire surveys among 8‐ to 9‐year‐old school children in the city of Patras, Greece, demonstrated a continuous rise in the prevalence of wheeze/asthma from 1978 to 2003, with a plateau between 2003 and 2008. We further investigated wheeze/asthma trends within the same environment over the last decade.MethodsTwo follow‐up surveys were conducted in 2013 (N = 2554) and 2018 (N = 2648). Physician‐diagnosed wheeze and asthma were analyzed in relation to their occurrence (recent‐onset: within the last 2 years; noncurrent: before 2 years; persistent: both prior and within the last 2 years). In 2018, spirometry was also performed in participants reporting symptoms and in a sample of healthy controls.ResultsThe prevalence of current wheeze/asthma declined from 6.9% in 2008% to 5.2% in 2013% and 4.3% in 2018. The persistent and noncurrent wheeze/asthma groups followed this overall trend (P‐for‐trend <0.001), while the prevalence of recent‐onset wheeze/asthma remained unchanged (P‐for‐trend >0.05). Persistent and noncurrent wheezers were also more frequently diagnosed with asthma, in contrast to those with recent‐onset wheeze. The FEV1 z‐score was less than –1 in 32.1% of children with recent‐onset and in 22.4% of those with persistent wheeze/asthma; both rates were higher than those of the Noncurrent wheeze/asthma group (7.1%; p < .05) and of healthy controls (3.5%; p < .001).ConclusionsThe prevalence of childhood wheeze/asthma has declined significantly during the last decade in Greece. The reversing trend may in part be attributed to changing asthma perceptions among physicians and/or parents, especially in the case of younger children with troublesome respiratory symptoms.
Carbohydrate Nanomaterials Addition to Starch‐Based Packaging: A Review about Fundamentals and Application
Authors: Maniglia Bianca Chieregato , La Fuente Carla Ivonne Arias , Siqueira Larissa do Val , Tadini Carmen Cecilia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractStarch‐based packaging has been explored as an alternative to conventional plastics. However, the former material shows a poorer performance when compared with the latter. Carbohydrate nanomaterials addition has proved to be promising to solve this issue, improving mechanical and barrier properties. The use of carbohydrates nanomaterials has many advantages since the raw material is highly available in nature, obtained from renewable, low‐cost, and non‐toxic sources. This review shows the different methods of producing nanomaterials from the main carbohydrate sources, cellulose, chitosan, and starch. The study begins the approach with the most conventional method, acid hydrolysis, proceeding with the methods explored on a smaller scale such as enzymatic hydrolysis, oxidation, ultrasound, and electrospinning. Besides, the study shows works involving the production of starch‐based nanocomposites and discussions about the improvement of its properties promoted by the addition of these nanomaterials. Works in the literature have shown starch‐based nanocomposites with higher crystallinity, transparency, thermal stability, reinforcement, oxygen barrier, lower water absorption, and even anti‐microbial activity, making them suitable for packaging. Finally, the future perspectives of this research field are shown and discussed .
Synergistic Effect of Metagenome‐Derived Starch‐Degrading Enzymes on Quality of Functional Bread with Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Sadeghian Motahar Seyedeh Fatemeh , Salami Maryam , Ariaeenejad Shohreh , Emam‐Djomeh Zahra , Sheykh Abdollahzadeh Mamaghani Atefeh , Kavousi Kaveh , Moghadam Maryam , Hosseini Salekdeh Ghasem 
Published: July 2021

AbstractStarch‐degrading enzymes have gained particular importance in recent decades due to their crucial role in numerous industrial applications especially, in the bakery industry. In this study, a novel thermostable pullulanase (PersiPul1) is screened from the metagenomic data for improving the quality of functional bread. The novel PersiPul1 is active over a wide range of temperature (30–80 °C) and pH (4–9) and exhibits high thermal stability, retaining 58.70% of activity at 80 °C. A cocktail of thermostable pullulanase and α‐amylase (PersiPul1and PersiAmy2) is developed to be used in bread fortified with quinoa protein (Chenopodium quinoa Willd). The bread fortified with 7% quinoa protein isolate possess the highest reducing power and ABTS (73.64%) and DPPH (72.27%) radical scavenging activities. The addition of the enzyme mixture decreases the hardness and chewiness of the bread. The porosity, specific volume, and browning index of bread with pullulanase and α‐amylase are higher than control. Also, sensory analysis of the functional bread reveals higher scores in the presence of enzymes. Based on the results, the novel starch‐degrading enzyme cocktail is a promising alternative for improving the physical and sensory characteristics of the antioxidant bread enriched with quinoa protein isolate to be used in the bakery industry as a potential bio‐additive.
Advances in metal phosphides for sodium‐ion batteries
Authors: Li Qifei , Yang Dan , Chen Haoliang , Lv Xiang , Jiang Yu , Feng Yuezhan , Rui Xianhong , Yu Yan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have been extensively studied as the potential alternative to lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) due to the abundant natural reserves and low price of sodium resources. Nevertheless, Na+ ions possess a larger radius than Li+, resulting in slow diffusion dynamics in electrode materials, and thus seeking appropriate anode materials to meet high performance standards has become a trend in the field of SIBs. In this context, owing to the advantages of high theoretical capacity and proper redox potential, metal phosphides (MPs) are considered to be the promising materials to make up for the gap of SIBs anode materials. In this review, the recent development of MPs anode materials for SIBs is reviewed and analyzed comprehensively and deeply, including the synthesis method, advanced modification strategy, electrochemical performance, and Na storage mechanism. In addition, to promote the wide application of the emerging MPs anodes for SIBs, several research emphases in the future are pointed out to overcome challenges toward the commercial application.
Investigation of the usage potential of calcium alginate beads functionalized with sodium dodecyl sulfate for wastewater treatment contaminated with waste motor oil
Authors: Bilici Zeynep , Ozay Yasin , Ozbey Unal Bahar , Dizge Nadir 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this study, calcium alginate (Ca‐Alg) beads, an inexpensive, easily available, biodegradable material, were activated with anionic surfactant and used for the treatment of wastewater contaminated with waste motor oil. First, polyethyleneimine (PEI) was used to bind sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) onto the Ca‐Alg beads' surface. Three different SDS concentrations (25, 50, & 100 mg/L) were prepared and treated with Ca‐Alg beads for 1, 2, 4, 6, and 24 h. SDS binding yield reached equilibrium at the end of the 24 h, and the binding efficiencies of 25, 50, and 100 mg SDS/L were determined 84%, 72%, and 48%, respectively. The effect of pH between 2 and 10 was also investigated on oil adsorption. Maximum adsorption efficiency (77%) was obtained in the range of pH 6–8. After determining the optimum pH value for oil adsorption, the effect of beads amount (2.5–30 g/L) was also investigated on oil removal efficiency. When the amount of beads increased from 2.5 to 30 g/L, the oil adsorption efficiency increased from 77% to 95%. It was also observed that the oil adsorption efficiency increased when the size of the beads decreased from 4 to 1 mm. For the kinetic calculation, three different concentrations (250, 500, &1000 mg/L) of oily solution were prepared, and oil adsorption was investigated versus time. The kinetic studies for the adsorption of the oily solution using SDS functionalized Ca‐Alg beads showed the second‐order kinetics. When the initial oil concentration increased from 250 to 1000 mg/L, the amount of adsorbed oil molecules increased from 8.34 to 22.12 mg/g. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used to explain the relationship between adsorbent and adsorbate, and Langmuir isotherm was the most suitable model because of its high regression coefficient (r2) value. Column studies were also carried out, and it was concluded that the proposed adsorbent can be used effectively in the treatment of oily wastewater.Practitioner points

Although there are numerous adsorption studies and studies on the use of alginate beads in various fields in the literature, its use in oil treatment has not been found to our knowledge.
The study aims to produce a selective adsorbent for the removal of oil from water by functionalizing the surface of the alginate beads with active agents.
In conventional adsorption studies, pollutants are transported from liquid phase to solid phase. With the proposed new adsorbent material, oils will be specifically removed from wastewater and used as fuel. Thus, obtaining an organic origin adsorbent with high calorific value constitutes the original value of the study. In addition, no secondary pollutants will emerge after the adsorption process.
A High-Resolution Model of the Human Entorhinal Cortex in the ‘BigBrain’ – Use Case for Machine Learning and 3D Analyses
Authors: Behuet Sabrina , Bludau Sebastian , Kedo Olga , Schiffer Christian , Dickscheid Timo , Brandstetter Andrea , Massicotte Philippe , Omidyeganeh Mona , Evans Alan , Amunts Katrin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe ‘BigBrain’ is a high-resolution data set of the human brain that enables three-dimensional (3D) analyses with a 20 µm spatial resolution at nearly cellular level. We use this data set to explore pre-α (cell) islands of layer 2 in the entorhinal cortex (EC), which are early affected in Alzheimer’s disease and have therefore been the focus of research for many years. They appear mostly in a round and elongated shape as shown in microscopic studies. Some studies suggested that islands may be interconnected based on analyses of their shape and size in two-dimensional (2D) space. Here, we characterized morphological features (shape, size, and distribution) of pre-α islands in the ‘BigBrain’, based on 3D-reconstructions of gapless series of cell-body-stained sections. The EC was annotated manually, and a machine-learning tool was trained to identify and segment islands with subsequent visualization using high-performance computing (HPC). Islands were visualized as 3D surfaces and their geometry was analyzed. Their morphology was complex: they appeared to be composed of interconnected islands of different types found in 2D histological sections of EC, with various shapes in 3D. Differences in the rostral-to-caudal part of EC were identified by specific distribution and size of islands, with implications for connectivity and function of the EC. 3D compactness analysis found more round and complex islands than elongated ones. The present study represents a use case for studying large microscopic data sets. It provides reference data for studies, e.g. investigating neurodegenerative diseases, where specific alterations in layer 2 were previously reported.
The Statistical Physics of Learning Revisited: Typical Learning Curves in Model Scenarios
Authors: Biehl Michael 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe exchange of ideas between computer science and statistical physics has advanced the understanding of machine learning and inference significantly. This interdisciplinary approach is currently regaining momentum due to the revived interest in neural networks and deep learning. Methods borrowed from statistical mechanics complement other approaches to the theory of computational and statistical learning. In this brief review, we outline and illustrate some of the basic concepts. We exemplify the role of the statistical physics approach in terms of a particularly important contribution: the computation of typical learning curves in student teacher scenarios of supervised learning. Two, by now classical examples from the literature illustrate the approach: the learning of a linearly separable rule by a perceptron with continuous and with discrete weights, respectively. We address these prototypical problems in terms of the simplifying limit of stochastic training at high formal temperature and obtain the corresponding learning curves.
Computational Modelling of Cerebellar Magnetic Stimulation: The Effect of Washout
Authors: Antonietti Alberto , Casellato Claudia , D’Angelo Egidio , Pedrocchi Alessandra 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNowadays, clinicians have multiple tools that they can use to stimulate the brain, by means of electric or magnetic fields that can interfere with the bio-electrical behaviour of neurons. However, it is still unclear which are the neural mechanisms that are involved and how the external stimulation changes the neural responses at network-level. In this paper, we have exploited the simulations carried out using a spiking neural network model, which reconstructed the cerebellar system, to shed light on the underlying mechanisms of cerebellar Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation affecting specific task behaviour. Namely, two computational studies have been merged and compared. The two studies employed a very similar experimental protocol: a first session of Pavlovian associative conditioning, the administration of the TMS (effective or sham), a washout period, and a second session of Pavlovian associative conditioning. In one study, the washout period between the two sessions was long (1 week), while the other study foresaw a very short washout (15 min). Computational models suggested a mechanistic explanation for the TMS effect on the cerebellum. In this work, we have found that the duration of the washout strongly changes the modification of plasticity mechanisms in the cerebellar network, then reflected in the learning behaviour.
Sexuelle Gesundheit und Medizin im WIR – Walk In Ruhr: Vorstellung des Zentrums und Ergebnisse der Evaluation
Authors: Potthoff Anja , Skaletz-Rorowski Adriane , Nambiar Sandeep , Knebel-Brockmeyer Wiltrud , Kasper Andre , Wach Janet , Kayser Arne , Köhler Britta , Brockmeyer Norbert H. 
Published: July 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Ein ganzheitliches Konzept sexueller Gesundheit und Medizin berücksichtigt die Diversität von Lebenswelten, um Klient*innen für Prävention, Testung, Beratung und Behandlung sexuell übertragbarer Infektionen (STI) zu gewinnen. Mit diesem Verständnis arbeiten die Immunologische Ambulanz, das Gesundheitsamt, die Aidshilfe sowie weitere Selbsthilfeorganisationen im WIR – Walk In Ruhr, Zentrum für Sexuelle Gesundheit und Medizin, in Bochum zusammen.

Ziel der Arbeit
Am Beispiel des WIR, das mit seinem innovativen Konzept eines Versorgungszentrums multiprofessionell innerhalb eines Settings sektor- und rechtsformübergreifend arbeitet, wird gezeigt, dass Erreichbarkeit, Test- und Behandlungsquote und HIV/STI-Risiko-Selbsteinschätzung sich verbessern. Das WIR wurde zudem im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Gesundheit über 3 Jahre extern evaluiert auch diese Ergebnisse werden dargestellt.

Methode
Das Konzept des WIR und die im WIR durchgeführten Studien werden deskriptiv dargestellt. Bei der externen Evaluation wurde ein Mixed-Method-Design aus quantitativen und qualitativen Erhebungen angewandt.

Ergebnis
Durch die Kooperation werden häufiger Frauen (27,7 %) und Heterosexuelle (56,4 %) als in der Ambulanz allein erreicht. Die Rate positiver Testergebnisse im WIR stieg von 2017 bis 2018 von 9,3 % auf 12,6 %.

Diskussion
Durch das integrative Versorgungskonzept des WIR gelingt es, Menschen mit HIV/STI früh zu erreichen und zu behandeln. Der Übergang von Prävention zu medizinischer Versorgung ist im WIR von zentraler Bedeutung. Gesundheitsberater sind ein wichtiges Instrument für die aufsuchende Arbeit. Psychosoziale sowie psychotherapeutische Beratung werden in hohem Maße genutzt. Durch die vielschichtigen Angebote von Prävention, Test, Beratung werden bessere medizinische Ergebnisse erreicht sowie die Eigenverantwortung für sexuelle Gesundheit gesteigert. Die Übertragung des Konzeptes in die Fläche kann einen Beitrag zur besseren Versorgung zu sexueller Gesundheit leisten.
Aligning artificial intelligence with human values: reflections from a phenomenological perspective
Authors: Han Shengnan , Kelly Eugene , Nikou Shahrokh , Svee Eric-Oluf 
Published: July 2021

AbstractArtificial Intelligence (AI) must be directed at humane ends. The development of AI has produced great uncertainties of ensuring AI alignment with human values (AI value alignment) through AI operations from design to use. For the purposes of addressing this problem, we adopt the phenomenological theories of material values and technological mediation to be that beginning step. In this paper, we first discuss the AI value alignment from the relevant AI studies. Second, we briefly present what are material values and technological mediation and reflect on the AI value alignment through the lenses of these theories. We conclude that a set of finite human values can be defined and adapted to the stable life tasks that AI systems will be called upon to accomplish. The AI value alignment can also be fostered between designers and users through technological mediation. Upon that foundation, we propose a set of common principles to understand the AI value alignment through phenomenological theories. This paper contributes the unique knowledge of phenomenological theories to the discourse on AI alignment with human values.
Computational advances for spatio-temporal multivariate environmental models
Authors: Cappello Claudia , De Iaco Sandra , Palma Monica 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn multivariate Geostatistics, the linear coregionalization model (LCM) has been widely used over the last decades, in order to describe the spatial dependence which characterizes two or more variables of interest. However, in spatio-temporal multiple modeling, the identification of the main elements of a space–time linear coregionalization model (ST-LCM), as well as of the latent structures underlying the analyzed phenomenon, represents a tough task. In this paper, some computational advances which support the selection of an ST-LCM are described, gathering all the necessary steps which allow the analyst to easily and properly detect the basic space–time components for the phenomenon under study. The implemented algorithm is applied on space–time air quality data measured in Scotland in 2017.
Analysis of microplastics in drinking water and other clean water samples with micro-Raman and micro-infrared spectroscopy: minimum requirements and best practice guidelines
Authors: Schymanski Darena , Oßmann Barbara E. , Benismail Nizar , Boukerma Kada , Dallmann Gerald , von der Esch Elisabeth , Fischer Dieter , Fischer Franziska , Gilliland Douglas , Glas Karl , Hofmann Thomas , Käppler Andrea , Lacorte Sílvia , Marco Julie , Rakwe Maria EL , Weisser Jana , Witzig Cordula , Zumbülte Nicole , Ivleva Natalia P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMicroplastics are a widespread contaminant found not only in various natural habitats but also in drinking waters. With spectroscopic methods, the polymer type, number, size, and size distribution as well as the shape of microplastic particles in waters can be determined, which is of great relevance to toxicological studies. Methods used in studies so far show a huge diversity regarding experimental setups and often a lack of certain quality assurance aspects. To overcome these problems, this critical review and consensus paper of 12 European analytical laboratories and institutions, dealing with microplastic particle identification and quantification with spectroscopic methods, gives guidance toward harmonized microplastic particle analysis in clean waters. The aims of this paper are to (i) improve the reliability of microplastic analysis, (ii) facilitate and improve the planning of sample preparation and microplastic detection, and (iii) provide a better understanding regarding the evaluation of already existing studies. With these aims, we hope to make an important step toward harmonization of microplastic particle analysis in clean water samples and, thus, allow the comparability of results obtained in different studies by using similar or harmonized methods. Clean water samples, for the purpose of this paper, are considered to comprise all water samples with low matrix content, in particular drinking, tap, and bottled water, but also other water types such as clean freshwater.
Graphical abstract