bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the impact interaction of pelleted seeds with the soil environment
Authors: Lysych M N , Bukhtoyarov L D , Shabanov M L 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The issues of studying the impact interaction of seeds with the soil environment by the method of discrete elements are considered. The main parameters of the used virtual stand are described and a brief description of the interaction model is given. As a result of the study, the depth of penetration of the seed, its displacement in the horizontal plane and the greatest depth of the crater were obtained. Analysis of the data showed that on unbound and loosely bound soils, a penetration rate of 50 m/s is sufficient for almost 100% penetration into the surface layer without noticeable displacement of the pelleted seed. On medium cohesive soils at a speed of 50 m/s, stable seed penetration is not ensured. The probability of its release is about 10%. At speeds of 75 m/s, almost 100% penetration into the surface layer is provided without noticeable displacement of the coated seed. On cohesive soils at speeds of 25 m/s, the seed is always ejected from the crater over a considerable distance. At a speed of 50 m/s, the probability of seed ejection is reduced to 30% and at 75 m/s to 10%.
Improving the quality of automated VIS–grading of Scots pine seeds using fuzzy logic algorithm
Authors: Novikov A I , Vovchenko N G , Sokolov S V , Novikova T P , Demidov D N , Tylek P 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The automation of Scots pine seeds grading in the visible wavelength region – VIS-grading – is promising for conducting breeding and genetic experiments. This will reduce time costs and increase the accuracy of seed color classification compared to organoleptic techniques. When controlling VIS-grading, it is necessary to accurately detect and process the optical signal reflected from a single seed. The signal is based on the wavelength and amplitude of the optical beam. Earlier, using a spectrometer for Scots pine seeds from a natural stand of the Pavlovsky district of the Voronezh region, Russia, the boundaries of three spectrometric groups were established. In the real VIS-grading process, it is necessary to take into account the probabilistic deviations of random values of wavelengths and amplitudes. Therefore, on the basis of the Mamdani fuzzy logic theory developed an analyzing algorithm for controlling the VIS-grading quality. The algorithm consists of a sequence of logical terms that clearly define the specified VIS-grading seeds spectrometric parameters by a combination of wavelength and amplitude. The efficiency of Scots pine seeds VIS-grading using the algorithm is 98.9%.
Long-term forecast of forest ecosystem services under different forest use scenarios
Authors: Chumachenko S , Kiseleva V , Kolycheva A , Karminov V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Sustainable forest management presupposes a long-term strategic planning of status and use of all forest resources and ecosystem services. The results of long-term scenario modelling can form the basis for decision-making. The paper contains the discussion of the results of scenario modelling run with the FORRUS-S imitational model for the period of 125 years and the rent forest plot with the area of 19,800 ha. Three scenarios of management activities differing in volumes of harvested timber, reforestation, and thinning were implemented. The effect of forest use scenarios on tree species composition, structural indices of forest ecosystems, volumes of food resources, and recreational potential was examined. The scenario envisaging a complete use of permissible harvesting volume and reforestation with no thinnings proved to be the most disastrous for aforementioned ecosystem services, including timber harvesting. The intensive forest use scenario envisaging artificial reforestation and complete cycle of thinnings causes the least negative effect on the volumes of food resources and even increases their diversity. Recreational ecosystem services degrade with increasing intensity of forest use. As a result, the forest user receives several scenarios; the choice of the optimal one for the user depends on the demand for concrete resources or ecosystem services.
The recreational and economic role of the suburban landscaped territories in Voronezh
Authors: Kartashova N , Serikov M , Kulakova E 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The applicability of the topic is conditioned by the increase the share of the recreational forests and the development of the urban agglomeration. The purpose of the study was to determine the recreational capacity of natural green areas, followed by an ecological and economic assessment. In the work, recreational and sanitary-hygienic assessments were carried out, the stages of digression, the classes of stability of plantings were determined, followed by an ecological and economic assessment of suburban green areas. The weighted average value of the ecological recreational capacity is determined. In plantations with a predominance of oak or pine in the existing types of forest growing conditions, the specific value of the ecological recreational capacity is the same, therefore, approaches to the development of these forests may be the same. To assess the ecological potential of plantings, the content of carbon, absorbed carbon dioxide, and oxygen released by them were calculated. The results of the calculations show that the maximum amount of C2 is observed in mixed stands with a predominance of oak, the minimum-in pure pine stands. Obtained results of the investigation let to realize the forest planning, taking into consideration the results of the eco-economic estimate.
Natural regeneration features of broad-leaved species under the canopy of coniferous stands in forest-steppe conditions
Authors: Tsaralunga V , Tsaralunga A , Yakovenko N , Zenishchev A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The age structure of the undergrowth was studied using the technique of constructing the age spectra of the adoles-cent population, which revealed the regularities of the natural pine recovery process. The aim of the study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the broad-leaved species renewal under the coniferous (pine) plantations canopy in forest-steppe conditions using the example of the Belgorod region. The research was carried out on 21 test areas using standard silvicultural techniques to assess natural regeneration effectiveness. Quercus robur L. and Ulmus laevis Pall. prevail among deciduous species in the second layer. Tilia cordata Miill, Fraxinus excelsior L., Acer platanoides L., Acer compestre L. reach less than 12%. (Betula pendula Ehrh., Populus tremula L.). The average number of young growth does not exceed 2000-2500 trees per hectare where the ones of medium height prevail (50%) and small height trees reach 22%. In the considered pine stands, Quercus robur L. young growth occurs more often. There is a growth that appeared from dormant buds at the root neck after the death of the seed unit. Units of normal vitality are found only among young growth younger than 5 years old or in communities with a disturbed stand structure.
The structure in diameter and sanitary condition of geographical cultures of Scots pine
Authors: Chernyshov M P , Mikhailova M I 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The study of geographical forest cultures is the scientific basis for forest-seed zoning and selection of tree species. This research identifies the structural features of the diameter of middle-aged stands of different ecotypes of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in geographic cultures, as an assessment of its current sanitary state. We studied the stands of 18 forest-steppe and 14 steppe ecotypes. We laid test areas with measuring the diameters of trees with a measuring fork at a height of 1.3 m. Trees with a continuous count were divided into six categories of sanitary status: no signs of weakening, weakened, strongly weakened, shrinking, fresh dead wood and dead wood of past years. Based on the results of continuous recounts, the distribution rows of trees were constructed according to 2- and 4-cm thickness steps. In forest-steppe ecotypes, the distribution of trees along 2-and 4-centimeter-thick steps is single-vertex, but with right asymmetry. The distribution of trees of steppe ecotypes over 2-cm steps of thickness is asymmetric and two-peaked. The distribution of trees of steppe ecotypes by 2-cm thickness steps is asymmetric and two-vertex. The average score of the sanitary state of stands of forest-steppe ecotypes is 1.5 (healthy), in steppe – 1.7 (weakened).
Modelling approaches to innovative development of forestry enterprises using the sigmoid function
Authors: Shanin I , Shtondin A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
At the present stage of development of enterprises of the timber industry complex, it is necessary to systematically consider all active processes occurring within the enterprise, as well as their response to external influences and variable factors affecting innovative activity. The aim of the study is to apply multisigmoidal modelling approaches that take into account the use of an innovative approach in the renewal of forest areas in the process of eliminating the consequences of forest fires and the production of competitive timber products. The study uses a multisigmoidal approach, which is based on a variety of empirical data and indicators calculated based on statistical reporting on the economic development of forestry manufacturing enterprises. Thanks to the developed model based on the multisigmoidal modelling approach, it became possible to identify ineffective economic phenomena and innovation processes taking place in the context of the innovative development of forestry enterprises. The application of this approach made it possible to identify bottlenecks and weaknesses of the entire production process in the forest industry, taking into account the application of measures for the prevention and extinguishing of forest fires in conditions of accelerated renewal of forest resources.
Sustainable development of the timber complex: ecological and economic foundations
Authors: Yakovenko N , Sibiryatkina I , Komov I 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The forest management system established in Russia in recent years is characterized by a number of problems, including economic ones. The article reveals conceptual theoretical and methodological provisions for the development of sustainable forest management based on the formation of an appropriate environmental and economic mechanism. The essence of sustainable forest management should be considered in the context of economic, environmental, social and international aspects, taking into account the formation of effective multipurpose use of forest resources, as well as the strengthening of the environmental component in the development of forestry. The ecological-economic mechanism of sustainable forest management is proposed to be considered as a set of resources and methods of their connection in the process of economic, environmental and social forest management through the effective management of forestry activities. The main principles of the formation of the ecological-economic mechanism of sustainable forest management are outlined. Thus, the scattered views on the environmental-economic mechanism of sustainable forest management determine the need to streamline the existing economic methods of forest management, improve the efficiency of forestry activities and develop tools to obtain different types of effects: economic, environmental and social.
Ways to improve the properties of natural wood when using waste vegetable oils
Authors: Dmitrenkov A , Nikulina N , Nikulin S , Vostrikova G 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The article is devoted to the development and study of new compositions based on spent sunflower oil for the protective treatment of natural wood. Samples of birch and aspen wood were selected as the subjects of the study. The processing of wood samples was carried out by the method of “hot-cold impregnation”. Refined sunflower oil was used as the oil base of the propearized compounds developed. Plant oil fillers were chosen wood flour, stearic acid, canifol and sikkativ based on metal salts. The use of developed compounds can improve the hydrophobic properties of wood, increase its water and water resistance, as well as reduce swelling in tangential and radial directions. The optimal compositions on the basis of spent vegetable oil for protective processing of birch wood have been selected. The difference in the modifying capacity of the developed compositions for different types of wood is shown on the example of birch and aspen. Propiary compounds based on spent vegetable oil have environmental safety and their use allows the disposal of food waste.
Research of dynamic processes at cutting forest materials on horizontal band saw equipment
Authors: Maksimenkov A I , Abramov V V , Bagno O P , Yudin R V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
For processing small-scale wood, as well as wood from logging and sanitary logging, small enterprises are created that use fairly large and expensive band saws of various foreign firms and domestic production, which have a high energy intensity of the technological process. In this regard, the development of a resource-saving band saw machine that improves the quality of saw products and reduces the energy intensity of the technological process is an urgent task for the timber processing industry. To study the dynamics of the process of sawing wood on a horizontal band saw, it is necessary to create its dynamic model, which is a mathematical description of the interaction of the cutting process and the equivalent elastic system of the machine. The problem of the quality of wood sawing is both the accuracy of processing and the roughness of the surface to be processed. To assess the accuracy of wood sawing, two indicators were used: average and maximum undulation. As a result of the research, a new design of the band saw was developed using a dynamic model, which ensures resource saving, reducing the energy intensity of the technological process and improving the quality of the resulting saw products.
Assessment of the volume of harvested wood in accordance with the vital state of wood species
Authors: Konovalova I , Lelekova E 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
During selective felling on the territory of 3.9 ha, 181 m3 of wood, 35% of which is dead wood. Among them, pine (16 m3), spruce (27 m3), birch (8 m3) and aspen (12 m3) were found. The volume of cut viable wood was 118 m3, including 50 m3 of pine, 44 m3 of spruce, 14m 3 of birch and 10 m3 of aspen. The values obtained do not exceed the forest declaration data. To determine the stumps from dead coniferous trees, the following criteria were tested: complete or partial absence of bark, the presence of traces of the vital activity of insect pests and abundance worm dust. Species-specific criteria are proposed: in pine – the presence of rot of the peripheral part of the wood, brown color of sapwood and bast; spruce – the presence of heart rot and wood destroying fungi. In deciduous species, the main criterion for isolating stumps from dead trees has been tested – the presence of wood-destroying fungi, in aspen – heart rot caused by tinder fungi. We recommend using these criteria to resolve legal claims against forest users in the removal and assessment of harvested wood.
Development of the automated data management system for radiation monitoring of forests
Authors: Karpov A D , Lebedev A G , Gorbunov I Yu , Radin A I , Razdayvodin A N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Since the system of radiation control in forestry was formed even before the mass introduction of information technologies, data processing in radiation monitoring retains the approaches conditioned by the traditional, paper-based document management. The aim of this project is to develop a unified automated system for collection, control and analysis of data from radiation monitoring of forests in the Russian Federation. The system is based on the use of the unified software ‘SpectraLineBG’ for spectrometric devices, on the creation of a cloud data storage server, and the development of a software environment for storing and processing of the obtained material. The system allows to check the accuracy of all the obtained results of measurements and to make their subsequent correction. The described method of data collection is universal for spectrometric studies and can be used not only in forestry, but also in any organization involved in radiation control of the environment. Using the accumulated material, the system allows to analyze the distribution and the dynamics of radionuclides in space and time, to calculate the coefficients of the transition of radionuclides from soil to vegetation for one or more species in different areas.
Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of forests in the Baikal Mountain Forest region
Authors: Kochetkova N , Bakhanova M , Zhan S , Yakovenko N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The article considers modern approaches to the study of the state of forests of the Baikal Mountain Forest region. All the obtained results of field studies are confirmed by a 13-year period of observations of the changes in the quantitative and qualitative indicators of growth and development of forests, the selected object. During the research, about 17 thousand ha of forest area were surveyed, 1570 permanent test areas were laid. According to the sanitary condition, the share of healthy plantings (class 1) accounts for 76.5%, the 2nd class of resistance (with the presence of small damage and signs of weakening) – 11.1% the indicators of other classes of resistance of plantings vary from 0.5% to 2.6%. The main sign of damage and weakening of forests are grass-roots fires – 60.3%. The total stock of wood according to the GIL is 2568.9 million m3. Coniferous species have the largest share of the stock of business trees – 94.3%, a smaller share of the stock – soft-leaved – 5.6%. The obtained data allow us to develop measures for rational forest management for part of the forests of the Republic of Buryatia, the Trans-Baikal Territory and the Irkutsk Region.
Quantifying the joint distribution of drought indicators in Borneo fire-prone area
Authors: Najib Mohamad Khoirun , Nurdiati Sri , Sopaheluwakan Ardhasena 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Borneo island is prone to fire due to its large peat soil area. Fire activity in Borneo is associated with regional climate conditions, such as total precipitation, precipitation anomaly, and dry spells. Thus, knowing the relationship between drought indicators can provide preliminary knowledge in developing a fire risk model. Therefore, this study aims to quantify the copula-based joint distribution and to analyze the coincidence probability between drought indicators in Borneo fire-prone areas. From dependence analysis, we found that the average of 2 months of total precipitation (TP), monthly precipitation anomalies (PA), and the total of 3 months of dry spells (DS) provides a moderate correlation to hotspots in Borneo. The results show the probability of the dry-dry period is 26.63, 17.66, and 18.54 % for TP-DS, PA-DS, and TP-PA, respectively. All of these are higher than the probability of the wet-wet period, which is 25.01, 16.12, and 17.98 % for TP-DS, PA-DS, and TP-PA, respectively. Through the probability, the return period of TP-DS in the dry-dry situation 3.2 months/year, meaning the dry situation in total precipitation and dry spells that occur simultaneously could appear about 3 months in a year on average. Furthermore, the return period of PA-DS and TP-PA in the dry-dry situation is 2.12 and 2.22 months/year, respectively. Moreover, the probability of dry spells in dry conditions when given total precipitation in dry conditions is higher than given precipitation anomalies in dry conditions.
Earth’s geomagnetic response to solar wind changes associated with solar events at low latitude regions at the TRE MAGDAS Station
Authors: Umar R , Zafar S N A Syed , Sabri N H , Jusoh M H , Yoshikawa A , Abe S , Uozumi T 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Sun’s magnetic activity influences disturbances that perturb interplanetary space by producing large fluxes of energetic protons, triggering geomagnetic storms and affecting the ground geomagnetic field. The effect of two solar events, namely Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) and Coronal Holes, on geomagnetic indices (SYM/H), solar wind parameters and ground geomagnetic fields has provided magnetic ground data, which were extracted from the Terengganu (TRE, -4.21° N, 175.91° E) Magnetometer (MAGDAS) station, and investigated in this study. Results show that the physical dynamic mechanism in the Earth’s magnetosphere is triggered by various solar wind parameters associated with CMEs and Coronal hole events during the minimum solar cycle of 24 at low latitudes. It is important to study solar wind-magnetosphere coupling because it has an impact on ground-based technological systems and human activities.
The implementation and advancement of a regional geodetic vertical datum
Authors: Yazid N M , Din A H M , Omar A H , Pa’suya M F , Abdullah N M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The essential parameter in computing three-dimensional coordinate system is the height or depth of the Earth’s surface. It represents a particular reference surface that recognised as a vertical datum. The vertical datum is alienated into two foremost categories recognised as Mean Sea Level and Lowest Astronomical Tide. Different modifications approach, techniques and software programs are developed to determine vertical datum of a region with respect to geoid surface. This paper presents an effort to review and discuss the implementations and advancement of geodetic vertical datum based on geoid height reference surface. Hence, there are eight countries will be extracted and outlined in this paper consist of the United States of America, Australia, Taiwan, New Zealand, South Korea, Thailand, Philippines and Malaysia. An overview of geodetic vertical datum which implemented in these countries are summarised to support the future development of a regional vertical datum model. Then, the overview will also be utilised and analysed based on the essential elements and parameters for vertical datum model determination which include: data gathering, data input and analysis approach in order to develop a geodetic vertical datum model with good accuracy. These attempt and initiative are vital for the current and future implementation and advancement of geodetic vertical datum in the region of Malaysia across land and marine areas.