bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arc1 and the microbiota together modulate growth and metabolic traits in Drosophila
Authors: Keith Scott A. , Bishop Cassandra , Fallacaro Samantha , McCartney Brooke M. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Perturbations to animal-associated microbial communities (the microbiota) have deleterious effects on various aspects of host fitness, but the molecular processes underlying these impacts are poorly understood. Here, we identify a connection between the microbiota and the neuronal factor Arc1 that affects growth and metabolism in Drosophila. We find that Arc1 exhibits tissue-specific microbiota-dependent expression changes, and that germ-free flies bearing a null mutation of Arc1 exhibit delayed and stunted larval growth, along with a variety of molecular, cellular and organismal traits indicative of metabolic dysregulation. Remarkably, we show that the majority of these phenotypes can be fully suppressed by mono-association with a single Acetobacter sp. isolate, through mechanisms involving both bacterial diet modification and live bacteria. Additionally, we provide evidence that Arc1 function in key neuroendocrine cells of the larval brain modulates growth and metabolic homeostasis under germ-free conditions. Our results reveal a role for Arc1 in modulating physiological responses to the microbial environment, and highlight how host-microbe interactions can profoundly impact the phenotypic consequences of genetic mutations in an animal host.
Metabolic reprogramming in cancer: mechanistic insights from Drosophila
Authors: Lam Wong Kenneth Kin , Verheyen Esther M. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Cancer cells constantly reprogram their metabolism as the disease progresses. However, our understanding of the metabolic complexity of cancer remains incomplete. Extensive research in the fruit fly Drosophila has established numerous tumor models ranging from hyperplasia to neoplasia. These fly tumor models exhibit a broad range of metabolic profiles and varying nutrient sensitivity. Genetic studies show that fly tumors can use various alternative strategies, such as feedback circuits and nutrient-sensing machinery, to acquire and consolidate distinct metabolic profiles. These studies not only provide fresh insights into the causes and functional relevance of metabolic reprogramming but also identify metabolic vulnerabilities as potential targets for cancer therapy. Here, we review the conceptual advances in cancer metabolism derived from comparing and contrasting the metabolic profiles of fly tumor models, with a particular focus on the Warburg effect, mitochondrial metabolism, and the links between diet and cancer.
Super-resolution microscopy of chromatin fibers and quantitative DNA methylation analysis of DNA fiber preparations
Authors: Franek Michal , Kilar Agata , Fojtík Petr , Olšinová Marie , Benda Aleš , Rotrekl Vladimír , Dvořáčková Martina , Fajkus Jíří 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Analysis of histone variants and epigenetic marks is dominated by genome-wide approaches in the form of chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-seq) and related methods. Although uncontested in their value for single-copy genes, mapping the chromatin of DNA repeats is problematic for biochemical techniques that involve averaging of cell populations or analysis of clusters of tandem repeats in a single-cell analysis. Extending chromatin and DNA fibers allows us to study the epigenetics of individual repeats in their specific chromosomal context, and thus constitutes an important tool for gaining a complete understanding of the epigenetic organization of genomes. We report that using an optimized fiber extension protocol is essential in order to obtain more reproducible data and to minimize the clustering of fibers. We also demonstrate that the use of super-resolution microscopy is important for reliable evaluation of the distribution of histone modifications on individual fibers. Furthermore, we introduce a custom script for the analysis of methylation levels on DNA fibers and apply it to map the methylation of telomeres, ribosomal genes and centromeres.
Archäologische Sondierungen im Eckhaus Nadelberg 21, 1993/20
Authors: Matt Christoph Ph. , Bing Christian 
Published: July 2021

Das Gelände im Bereich der Hangkante war vermutlich zu Beginn des 2. Jahrtausends stellenweise recht unregelmässig ausgebildet und wurde wohl erst im Laufe des 13./14. Jahrhunderts, anlässlich der Errichtung der ersten Steinbauten, begradigt bzw. eingeebnet.
Die Funde über dem natürlichen Untergrund belegen eine Begehung im 12. und 13. Jahrhundert. Unmittelbar neben der Hangkante wurde eine einfache Feuerstelle gefasst, wie sie in gleicher Art auch im benachbarten Rosshofareal nachgwiesen worden ist.
Die wenigen Fundamentaufschlüsse des Hauses sind vom Mauercharakter her mittelalterlich und dürften im Zeitraum zwischen ausgehendem 13. Jahrhundert und dem Basler Erdbeben ( 1356) bzw. kurz danach (erste schriftliche Nennungen) errichtet worden sein.
Geologisch-bodenkundliche Untersuchungen an den Niederterrassenfeldern bei Basel unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der spätlatènezeitlichen Fundstelle Basel-Gasfabrik
Authors: Rentzel Philippe 
Published: July 2021

Im ersten Teil des Aufsatzes werden quartärgeologisch-bodenkundliche Untersuchungsergebnisse an Aufschlüssen der linksrheinischen Niederterrasse bei Basel vorgelegt.
Im zweiten Teil werden Resultate mikromorphologischer Analysen an archäologischen Sedimenten der Fundstelle Basel-Gasfabrik diskutiert. Aufgrund der künstlich gekappten Bodenprofile steht fest. dass zu Beginn der latenezeitlichen Besiedlung ein beträchtlicher Abtrag von Bodenmaterial stattgefunden hat. An der Basis der archäologischen Schichtenfolge liess sich indessen mehrfach ein Stampflehmboden beobachten, der mit Hausstrukturen in Verbindung gestanden haben muss.
Ausgrabungen im Bereich des Murus Gallicus 1990-1993
Authors: Richner Kaspar , Deschler-Erb Eckhard , Stegmüller Christian 
Published: July 2021

Die Ausgrabungen im Bereich des Murus Gallicus auf dem Basler Münsterhügel in den Jahren 1990- 1993 haben zwei Ergebnisse gezeitigt, die auch ausserhalb der lokalen Forschung auf Interesse stossen dürften.
Zum einen wurde eine Methode perfektioniert, mit der sich komplexe Holzstrukturen selbst in Trockenböden dokumentieren und zuverlässig dreidimensional rekonstruieren lassen .
Zum andern wurde, unter Anwendung der oben erwähnten Methode, die Struktur des Murus Gallicus auf dem Basler Münsterhügel vollständig dokumentiert, soweit sie überhaupt noch erhalten war.
Zur Untersuchung des Heuslerschen Hauses St. Alban-Tal 34
Authors: Reicke Daniel , Merki Matthias 
Published: July 2021

Anlässlich der Renovation sämtlicher Gebäude auf der Parzelle St. Alban-Tal 34/36 - der Papierfabrik von 1847, des barocken Stallbaus an der Strasse und des historischen Hauses St. Alban-Tal 34 - in den Jahren 1991-1995 leistete die Basler Denkmalpflege Dokumentations- und Untersuchungsarbeiten.
Der vorliegende Bericht befasst sich aber nur mit dem denkmalgeschützten Haus St. Alban-Tal 34.
The Attraction and Compromise Effects in Bargaining: Experimental Evidence
Authors: Galeotti Fabio , Montero Maria , Poulsen Anders 
Published: July 2021

We experimentally investigate, in an unstructured bargaining environment with commonly known money payoffs, the attraction effect and compromise effect (AE and CE) in bargaining, namely, a tendency for bargainers to agree to an intermediate option (CE) or to an option that dominates another option (AE). We conjecture that the relevance of the AE and CE in bargaining is constrained by how focal the feasible agreements’ payoffs are. We indeed observe that there are significant AEs and CEs, but these effects are mediated by the efficiency and equality properties of the feasible agreements. Due to the allure of equality, the effects are harder to observe when an equal earnings contract is available. Decoys are more effective in shifting agreements from a very unequal contract to a less unequal one rather than the reverse. This paper was accepted by Yuval Rottenstreich, behavioral economics and decision analysis.
Perfil socioeconômico de feirantes do Mercado Municipal de Campos dos Goytacazes
Authors: Aparecida Profeta Graciela , Chaffin Cezario Raquel , Cristina de Mattos Lima Elen , Da Silva Pereira Ney Vanuza 
Published: July 2021

Esta pesquisa objetivou definir o perfil socioeconômico de feirantes de hortifrutícolas do mercado municipal de Campos dos Goytacazes, no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Para isso foram abordados aspectos relacionados ao canal de comercialização, o perfil e as características econômicas que diferenciam os feirantes, bem como uma pesquisa bibliográfica a fim de encontrar conceitos que possam definir o que seria perfil socioeconômico. Realizou-se ainda uma pesquisa de campo no mercado municipal de Campos dos Goytacazes com os feirantes do segmento hortifrutícolas. De maneira geral, os resultados obtidos apontaram que a renda mensal oriunda da feira era de extrema importância na composição da renda total da família,e, portanto, na sobrevivência das mesmas. Observou-se também que as condições socioeconômicas desses feirantes eram provenientes das atividades no mercado municipal da cidade, e que os feirantes não usavam os circuitos curtos de produção que garantiriam a comercialização da produção local e que isso, além de não lhes fornecer produtos diferenciados para a venda, ainda implicava em perda de receita, pois acabavam competindo em condições desiguais com os supermercados da cidade. Por fim, os feirantes também apontaram a necessidade de maior apoio do poder público para a melhoria das condições e da infraestrutura do local onde desenvolviam a atividade e também suporte no escoamento da produção.
Casa popular própria: ilusão ou solução?
Authors: Siqueira Gonçalves Bianca , Maria de Souza Almeida Coura Livia , Luis Vianna da Cruz José 
Published: July 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é trazer elementos para a discussão do principal sonho de consumo da maioria dos brasileiros, a propriedade de um lugar para morar, com as possibilidades de efetivação do direito à cidade. De forma geral, discorre sobre a dinâmica capitalista na construção do espaço na cidade e como se organizam as estruturas urbanas. Especificamente, apura o papel e a importância da casa própria para o trabalhador brasileiro A metodologia utilizada foi uma revisão não sistemática da bibliografia sobre a origem da casa como mercadoria e objeto de desejo do trabalhador e sobre a questão da segregação sócioespacial à luz do Direito à Cidade. Os resultados evidenciaram a complexidade dos interesses em jogo.Buscou-se compreender o grau de relevância da propriedade da casa para o trabalhador brasileiro. Noutra trilha, foram analisados alguns aspectos importantes da estrutura e dinâmica da cidade, ressaltando o papel do planejamento urbano, e, neste, procurou-se reforçar as potencialidades possibilitando mitigar a segregação socioespacial.
Mulher, política e cidade: reflexões analíticas
Authors: Seixas de Sousa Aimée , Gabriela Scotto María 
Published: July 2021

O objetivo do artigo é abordar, sem pretensão de esgotar o assunto, algumas temáticas e discussões que consideramos fundamentais para evidenciar nossa perspectiva analítica para a compreensão das relações entre mulheres, cidade, feminismo e participação em espaços de representação política. Este artigo é parte de uma pesquisa, ainda em andamento, cujo objetivo é analisar a presença feminina na política, mais especificamente na Câmara Municipal do Rio de Janeiro. Levando em conta a existência e a implementação das cotas eleitorais para mulheres, buscaremos pensar as relações entre a participação política e o direito à cidade sob a concepção de gênero. Neste trabalho, partiremos de uma revisão de literatura que traz uma exposição contextual, histórica e teórica acerca da presença feminina nas esferas representativas de poder. Não deixaremos de lado a análise dos termos conceituais e teóricos do direito à cidade paracompreendermos a questão do direito feminino à cidadania plena na vida das cidades.
Phase-corrected buffer averaging for enhanced OCT angiography using FDML laser
Authors: Miao Yusi , Siadati Mahsa , Song Jun , Ma Da , Jian Yifan , Beg Mirza Faisal , Sarunic Marinko V. , Ju Myeong Jin 
Published: July 2021

Megahertz-rate optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is
highly anticipated as an ultrafast imaging tool in clinical settings.
However, shot-noise-limited sensitivity is inevitably reduced in
high-speed imaging systems. In this Letter, we present a coherent
buffer averaging technique for use with a Fourier-domain mode-locked
(FDML) laser to improve OCTA contrast at 1060 nm MHz-rate retinal
imaging. Full characterization of spectral variations among the FDML
buffers and a numerical correction method are also presented, with the
results demonstrating a 10-fold increase in the phase alignment among
buffers. Coherent buffer averaging provided better OCTA contrast than
the conventional multi-frame averaging approach with a faster
acquisition time.
Airborne temperature profiling in the troposphere during daytime by lidar utilizing Rayleigh–Brillouin scattering
Authors: Witschas Benjamin , Lemmerz Christian , Lux Oliver , Marksteiner Uwe , Reitebuch Oliver , Schäfler Andreas 
Published: July 2021

The airborne measurement of a temperature profile from 10.5 km down towards ground (

≈

1.4

k
m

above sea level) during daytime by means of a lidar utilizing Rayleigh–Brillouin (RB) scattering is demonstrated for the first time, to our knowledge. The spectra of the scattered light were measured by tuning the laser (

λ
=
354.9

n
m

) over a 11 GHz frequency range with a step size of 250 MHz while using a Fabry–Perot interferometer as a spectral filter. The measurement took 14 min and was conducted over a remote area in Iceland with the ALADIN Airborne Demonstrator on-board the DLR Falcon aircraft. The temperature profile was derived by applying an analytical RB line shape model to the backscatter spectra, which were measured at different altitudes with a vertical resolution of 630 m. A comparison with temperature profiles from radiosonde observations and model temperatures shows reasonable agreement with biases of less than

±

2

K

. Based on Poisson statistics, the random error of the derived temperatures is estimated to vary between 0.1 K and 0.4 K. The work provides insight into the possible realization of airborne lidar temperature profilers based on RB scattering.
An integrative network-based approach for drug target indication expansion
Authors: Han Yingnan , Wang Clarence , Klinger Katherine , Rajpal Deepak K. , Zhu Cheng 
Published: July 2021

Background
The identification of a target-indication pair is regarded as the first step in a traditional drug discovery and development process. Significant investment and attrition occur during discovery and development before a molecule is shown to be safe and efficacious for the selected indication and becomes an approved drug. Many drug targets are functionally pleiotropic and might be good targets for multiple indications. Methodologies that leverage years of scientific contributions on drug targets to allow systematic evaluation of other indication opportunities are critical for both patients and drug discovery and development scientists.

Methods
We introduced a network-based approach to systematically screen and prioritize disease indications for drug targets. The approach fundamentally integrates disease genomics data and protein interaction network. Further, the methodology allows for indication identification by leveraging state-of-art network algorithms to generate and compare the target and disease subnetworks.

Results
We first evaluated the performance of our method on recovering FDA approved indications for 15 randomly selected drug targets. The results showed superior performance when compared with other state-of-art approaches. Using this approach, we predicted novel indications supported by literature evidence for several highly pursued drug targets such as IL12/IL23 combination.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrated a potential global approach for indication expansion strategies. The proposed methodology enables rapid and systematic evaluation of both individual and combined drug targets for novel indications. Additionally, this approach provides novel insights on expanding the role of genes and pathways for developing therapeutic intervention strategies.
Cryptococcal antigen carriage among HIV infected children aged 6 months to 15 years at Laquintinie Hospital in Douala
Authors: Kalla Ginette Claude Mireille , Mboumnyemb Josette Farida , Assob Jules Clément Nguedia , Ehouzou Mandeng Marcelle Nina , Kamgaing Noubi Nelly , Okomo Assoumou Marie Claire , Mbopi-Keou Francois-Xavier , Monebenimp Francisca 
Published: July 2021

Background
Up to 15% of deaths of people living with HIV is attributable to meningeal cryptococcosis, with nearly 75% occuring in sub-Saharan Africa. Although rare in children, it is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in people living with HIV. A strong association between cryptococcal antigenemia and the development of meningeal cryptococcosis has been shown in adults. Thus, in 2018, the World Health Organization published an updated version of its guidelines for the diagnosis, prevention and management of cryptococcal infection in adults, adolescents and the HIV-infected child.

Goal
To determine the prevalence of cryptococcal antigenemia and to identify its determinants in children infected with HIV.

Methods
An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out at the approved treatment center of Laquintinie hospital in Douala over a period of 4 months. Children were recruited consecutively after informed parental consent. Cryptococcal antigenemia and CD4 assay were performed using a Cryptops® immunochromatographic rapid diagnostic test and flow cytometry, respectively. The data collected included the socio-demographic, clinical and paraclinical variables of the children, as well as their antecedents. Data analysis was performed using Epiinfo software version 3.1 and SPSS 21.0. The significance threshold was set at 5%.

Results
A total of 147 children were enrolled. The mean age was 9.8 ± 4.09 years. The majority were on antiretroviral therapy (142, 96.60%). Only 13 (8.80%) were in severe immunosuppression. No child showed signs of meningeal cryptococcosis. The prevalence of cryptococcal antigenemia was 6.12%. Severe immunosuppression [OR: 10.03 (1.52–65.91), p = 0.016] and contact with pigeons [OR: 9.76 (1.14–83.65), p = 0.037] were independent factors significantly associated with the carriage of the cryptococcal antigen.

Conclusion
We recommend screening for cryptococcal antigenemia and routine treatment with fluconazole of all HIV positive children with cryptococcal antigen whether symptomatic or not.
Availability of essential medicines in Pakistan—A comprehensive document analysis
Authors: Rafi Sunaina , Rasheed Huma , Usman Muhammad , Nawaz Hafiz Awais , Anjum Syed Muneeb , Chaudhry Mamoona , Babar Zaheer-Ud-Din 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionAccess to essential medicines (EMs) is a basic human right. Non-availability and shortages of EMs are reported for Pakistan but there is insufficient data to define the nature and magnitude of this problem. The current study is designed to systematically analyze the medicines included in the National Essential Medicines List (NEML) for their availability through comprehensive document analysis.MethodsAn expanded list of medicinal items was developed using the NEML of Pakistan (2018) to enlist individual medicines with their specifications. Registration status of the medicines was searched using three publicly accessible information sources; Pharmaguide 25thEdition, 2018–19, the on-line Drug Information System, and the Mobile Application Pharmapedia followed by a later 3-step validation of the data. The unregistered EMs were then further categorized into three subgroups in accordance with their possible remedial strategies.FindingsThe 19 studied categories comprised 690 EMs and it was found that 179 (26%) of these EMs don not have a registration status. However, it was also identified that the availability of 47 (26.2%) out of 179 unregistered EMs can be enssured by strengthening compounding services, and prioritizing registration of age-appropriate formulations. Availability of another 39 (21.7%) such medicines can be ensured by revising the NEML or the product registrations for the slight differences in their different specifications. The categories showing high proportion of unregistered medicines included anti-Parkinson’s medicines (100%), antidotes and other substances used in poisoning (60%), diuretics (47%), anticonvulsants/antiepileptics (42%), hormones and other endocrine medicines and contraceptives (38%), medicines for mental and behavioral disorders (30%), anti-infectives (27%), medicines for pain and palliative care (26%), medicines for neonatal care (25%), medicines for diseases of joint (25%), gastrointestinal medicines (24%) and cardiovascular medicines (15%).ConclusionThe study shows the absence of registration status of a significant number of EMs in Pakistan. This could be major barrier in their access. Strategies are needed to strengthen the processes of their registration on priority basis.
Nearly one-third of lactating mothers are suffering from undernutrition in pastoral community, Afar region, Ethiopia: Community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Mulaw Getahun Fentaw , Mare Kusse Urmale , Anbesu Etsay Woldu 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundUndernutrition is responsible for a significant proportion of maternal and child morbidity and mortality. Lactating women are nutritionally vulnerable groups because this period places a high nutritional demand on the mother and leads to nutritional stress. Poor nutrition during lactation has a significant negative consequence to mothers and children’s survival, growth, and development. Therefore this study aimed to assess the nutritional status of lactating mothers and associated factors in pastoral community, Afar region, Ethiopia.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 5/2020 to February 10/2020, in the Abala district. The data were collected from a sample of 366 lactating mothers whose children aged less than 24 months. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews and anthropometric measurements. Study participants were recruited using a systematic sampling technique. Anthropometric measurements (both body mass index and mid-upper arm circumference) were taken from each mother using calibrated equipment and standardized techniques. Data were entered into Epi-data version 4.2 and exported to SPSS version 22 for analysis. Predictor variables with a P-value < 0.25 at bivariable analysis were candidates for the final model. Statistical significance was declared at P-value of < 0.05 in the multivariable logistic regression.ResultThis study showed that 120(32.8%) and 122(33.3%) surveyed mothers were undernourished using a cut-off body mass index <18.5 kg/m2and mid-upper arm circumference <23 Centimeter, respectively. Lactating mothers who didn’t meet the minimum dietary diversity score were more than five (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 5.103; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.128, 12.238) times more likely to be undernourished than those who met the minimum dietary diversity score. Mothers with short birth intervals were also more than four (AOR = 4.800; 95% CI: 2.408, 9.567) time more likely to be undernourished.ConclusionNearly one-third of lactating mothers were undernourished. Undernutrition among lactating mothers was significantly associated with maternal dietary diversity score and birth interval. Health education on proper and adequate maternal dietary feeding practices, and proper family planning utilization during lactation should be emphasized.