bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The incretin/glucagon system as a target for pharmacotherapy of obesity
Authors: Del Prato Stefano , Gallwitz Baptist , Holst Jens Juul , Meier Juris J. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryObesity is a chronic, multifactorial, relapsing disease. Despite multicomponent lifestyle interventions, including pharmacotherapy, maintaining bodyweight loss is challenging for many people. The pathophysiology of obesity is complex, and currently approved pharmacotherapies only target a few of the many pathways involved; thus, single‐targeting agents have limited efficacy. Proglucagon‐derived peptides, glucagon, and the incretin hormones glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) and glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), represent attractive targets for managing obesity and metabolic disorders because they may have direct roles in multiple mechanisms including satiety, energy homeostasis, and lipolytic activity. Unimolecular dual and triple agonists targeting glucagon and incretin hormone receptors have been shown to promote bodyweight loss, lower glucose levels, and reduce food intake in animal models of obesity. Multiple dual receptor agonists are in clinical development for the treatment of obesity, including GLP‐1/GIP and GLP‐1/glucagon receptor agonists. The extent to which glucagon contributes to treatment effects remains to be understood, but it may promote bodyweight loss by reducing food intake, while concomitant GLP‐1 receptor agonism ensures normal glucose control. Further research is required to fully understand the molecular mechanisms of action and metabolic effects of both dual and triple receptor agonists.
Epidemic progress of beet necrotic yellow vein virus: Evidence from an investigation in Japan spanning half a century
Authors: Nakagami Ryo , Chiba Sotaro , Yoshida Naoto , Senoo Yoshiteru , Iketani‐Saito Minako , Iketani Satoru , Kondo Hideki , Tamada Tetsuo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBeet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) is the causal agent of rhizomania, the most serious sugar beet disease worldwide. Since the first finding in Japan in 1969, BNYVV became widespread throughout Hokkaido in a few decades and led to the introduction of Rz1‐resistant sugar beet cultivars in the 1990s. Here, we report the historical progress of the BNYVV epidemic in Hokkaido from 1969 to 2019. Previous analysis on samples from 1991 showed that BNYVV isolates were classified into three strains (named O, D, and T) based on the RNA3‐encoded p25 gene. The O‐type viruses were widely detected in Hokkaido, while the D‐ and T‐type viruses were detected in limited areas. The RNA5, encoding the p26 gene, was initially contained in some D‐ and O‐type isolates but not in any T‐type isolates. Interestingly, recent sample analysis revealed that RNA5‐containing T‐type viruses, seemingly more virulent than the other two strains, were widely detected in Hokkaido. Additionally, a small group of virus isolates harbouring a new p25 gene (named C) was found in limited areas. These results suggest that the T‐type viruses, which accompanied RNA5, have been preferentially spread from a limited area to other districts over the last few decades and that this spread might be strongly associated with the recent introduction of Rz1‐resistant sugar beet cultivars. BNYVV‐positive samples also contained mainly beet soil‐borne virus and traces of beet virus Q, both of which are the first to be recorded in Japan.
Diatom (Bacillariophyceae) assemblages in tidal environments of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Sawai Yuki , Tanigawa Koichiro , Shinozaki Tetsuya , Bobrowsky Peter , Huntley David , Goff James 
Published: October 2021

SUMMARYTo understand distributions of coastal diatoms along Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, this paper describes diatom assemblages observed in 47 surface sediment samples from intertidal environments. One hundred and eighty‐four diatom taxa were identified from five transects crossing tidal flats, salt marshes, and freshwater forests in Tofino, Ucluelet, and Port Alberni. Distributions of the diatom assemblages were consistent with those reported elsewhere in the Pacific Northwest, but a few diatom taxa show different trends in their distributions. For example, one benthic speciesDenticula subtilisshows widespread distributions along the transect in Tofino. An ordination shown by Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) using a combined dataset indicated overlapped scatter plots of diatom assemblages, suggesting that assemblages with similar species compositions are observed in more than one location. Hierarchical and k‐means clustering analyses using Euclidean distance recognized unique small groups along each transect. Rank abundance curves show different trends for richness and evenness of diatom assemblages among the five transects.
Scientists, presidents, and pandemics—comparing the science–politics nexus during the Zika virus and COVID‐19 outbreaks
Authors: Safford Thomas G. , Whitmore Emily H. , Hamilton Lawrence C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe investigate how beliefs about scientists and presidents affect views about two pandemics, Zika virus (2016) and COVID‐19 (2020).MethodsThree New Hampshire surveys in 2016 and 2020 provide data to test how beliefs about scientists’ practices and presidential approval relate to pandemic views.ResultsSupport for presidents consistently predicts perceptions of scientists’ integrity and trust in science agencies for information, but the directionality changes from 2016 to 2020—increased trust among Obama‐supporters; decreased trust among Trump‐supporters. Respondents who believe scientists lack objectivity are also less likely to trust science agencies during both Zika and COVID‐19 and are less apt to be confident in the government's response in 2016. Assessments of pandemic responses become increasingly political during 2020; most notably, support for President Trump strongly predicts confidence in the government's efforts.ConclusionResults highlight how beliefs about scientists’ practices and presidents are central to the science–politics nexus during pandemics.
Interaction effects on support for climate‐change mitigation
Authors: Brown Adrienne R. , Hamilton Lawrence C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundResearch on the social bases of environmental concern has established robust findings across various sociodemographic characteristics. This includes interaction effects between education and political identity, as well as particularly low concern among supporters of President Trump.ObjectivesUsing 2016 survey data, we extend such research to examine U.S. public support for four climate‐change mitigation strategies: investment in renewable energy, lifestyle changes, a revenue‐neutral carbon tax, and cap‐and‐trade.MethodsWe perform ordered logit regression of belief in anthropogenic climate change and support for these strategies on several key independent variables.ResultsSupport follows some of the patterns expected for environmental concern generally but with new details. Trump support is a dominant predictor, and education × party interactions show significant variations in levels of support.ConclusionThis provides important insights for public policy decision making related to climate change by considering which characteristics are most predictive of support for specific strategies.
Gene targeting in polymerase theta‐deficient Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: van Tol Niels , van Schendel Robin , Bos Alex , van Kregten Maartje , de Pater Sylvia , Hooykaas Paul J.J. , Tijsterman Marcel 
Published: October 2021

SUMMARYAgrobacterium tumefaciens‐mediated transformation has been for decades the preferred tool to generate transgenic plants. During this process, a T‐DNA carrying transgenes is transferred from the bacterium to plant cells, where it randomly integrates into the genome via polymerase theta (Polθ)‐mediated end joining (TMEJ). Targeting of the T‐DNA to a specific genomic locus via homologous recombination (HR) is also possible, but such gene targeting (GT) events occur at low frequency and are almost invariably accompanied by random integration events. An additional complexity is that the product of recombination between T‐DNA and target locus may not only map to the target locus (true GT), but also to random positions in the genome (ectopic GT). In this study, we have investigated how TMEJ functionality affects the biology of GT in plants, by using Arabidopsis thaliana mutated for the TEBICHI gene, which encodes for Polθ. Whereas in TMEJ‐proficient plants we predominantly found GT events accompanied by random T‐DNA integrations, GT events obtained in the teb mutant background lacked additional T‐DNA copies, corroborating the essential role of Polθ in T‐DNA integration. Polθ deficiency also prevented ectopic GT events, suggesting that the sequence of events leading up to this outcome requires TMEJ. Our findings provide insights that can be used for the development of strategies to obtain high‐quality GT events in crop plants.
Infections by trypanosomatid (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) in triatomines (Hemiptera: Triatominae): A spatiotemporal assessment in an endemic area for Chagas disease
Authors: Silva Tatiene Rossana Móta , Ferrer‐Miranda Edyniesky , de Oliveira Jéssica Cardoso Pessoa , Santoro Kleber Régis , Alves Leucio Câmara , de Barros Lílian Silva Sampaio , Ramos Rafael Antonio Nascimento , de Carvalho Gílcia Aparecida 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis research analysed the spatiotemporal distribution of triatomines infected by trypanosomatid parasites in an endemic region for Chagas disease, in the state of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. The database included the total number of triatomines captured from intradomicile and peridomicile areas, as well as the infection rate (IR) by trypanosomatid. The by Getis–Ord method was used to statistically identify significant concentration clusters and the IR of triatomines by trypanosomatids. A generalized linear regression model with a binomial distribution was used to evaluate the probability of finding an IR by trypanosomatids. Overall, of 4,800 triatomines examined, trypanosomatid forms similar to Trypanosoma cruzi were detected in 10.29% of them, and the majority of positive specimens (98.17%) were collected at intradomicile. The geospatial analyses identified triatomines clusters in intradomicile and peridomicile environments. According to the logistic regression data for species (Panstrongylus lutzi, P. megistus, Triatoma brasiliensis and T. pseudomaculata), the probability of detection of T. cruzi infection remains constant in up to 50 specimens examined or more. The findings of this research revealed a scenario never studied in this area through this type of spatiotemporal analysis, which is essential to identify areas of vulnerability for the occurrence of these vectors and consequently for Chagas disease.
LncRNA MIAT promotes hypoxia‐induced H9C2 cell pyroptosis via binding to SF1 to inhibit CGRP transcription
Authors: Zhou Jingli 
Published: October 2021

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
How does long non‐coding RNA myocardial infarction‐associated transcript (lncRNA MIAT) function in hypoxia‐induced H9C2 cells?

What is the main finding and its importance?
LncRNA MIAT inhibited transcription of calcitonin gene‐related peptide by binding to splicing factor 1, thereby promoting hypoxia‐induced H9C2 cell pyroptosis. This study provides a new theoretical basis for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction by using lncRNA MIAT as a molecular target to mediate cardiomyocyte pyrodeath.

AbstractHypoxia induces severe cardiomyocyte pyroptosis, contributing to acute myocardial infarction. The aim of this study was to analyse the molecular mechanism of long non‐coding RNA myocardial infarction‐associated transcript (lncRNA MIAT) in hypoxia‐induced H9C2 cell pyroptosis. A hypoxic H9C2 cell model was established. Cell viability was detected via the Cell Counting Kit‐8 method. Levels of lactate dehydrogenase, malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase and expressions of pyroptotic markers, lncRNA MIAT, splicing factor 1 (SF1) and calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) were detected via qRT‐PCR. The subcellular localization of lncRNA MIAT was predicted and confirmed via LncATLAS and nuclear/cytosol fractionation assay. The binding relationships between lncRNA MIAT and SF1 and between SF1 and the CGRP promotor were verified via RNA immunoprecipitation. Rescue experiments were designed to confirm the role of lncRNA MIAT/SF1/CGRP in H9C2 cell pyroptosis. LncRNA MIAT was overexpressed in hypoxia‐induced H9C2 cells. Hypoxia induced pyroptosis in H9C2 cells. Silencing of lncRNA MIAT enhanced cell viability and alleviated pyroptosis. LncRNA MIAT inhibited CGRP transcription via binding to SF1. Overexpression of SF1 promoted CGRP transcription and relieved H9C2 cell pyroptosis. Downregulation of CGRP reversed the role of silencing lncRNA MIAT in H9C2 cell pyroptosis. Overall, lncRNA MIAT inhibited CGRP transcription via binding to SF1, thereby promoting hypoxia‐induced H9C2 cell pyroptosis.
Effects of gonadotropin inducible ovarian transcription factor 1 in the paraventricular nucleus on fluid intake after dehydration of ovariectomized female rats
Authors: Terra dos Santos Ana Luiza Romero , Reis Wagner Luis , Quirós‐Cognuck Susana , Lima Juliana Bezerra , Domingues Juliana Tonietto , de Araújo Leonardo Domingues , Greenwood Michael Paul , Greenwood Mingkwan , Elias Lucila Leico Kagohara , Murphy David , Antunes‐Rodrigues José 
Published: October 2021

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?Giot1, the gene for gonadotropin inducible ovarian transcription factor 1 (GIOT1), is upregulated in osmotically challenged rats: does Giot1 gene expression in the paraventricular nucleus have a role in controlling fluid intake following dehydration and what is the role of ovarian hormones in the modulation of GIOT1 actions?
What is the main finding and its importance?GIOT1 acts to regulate water and salt intake as well as hormone secretion after dehydration. The identification of genes that participate in the hormone and behavioural responses involved with hydromineral homeostasis is essential for future exploration of novel drug targets for the treatment of metabolic disease.
AbstractIn order to maintain body fluid balance after dehydration, hypothalamic neurons of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) are activated to promote secretion of vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT) from the neurohypophysis, and to modulate the behavioural allostatic responses of thirst and salt appetite. Gonadotropin inducible transcription factor (GIOT1) is a Krüppel‐type zinc finger protein induced by gonadotropins and oestradiol (E2). This transcription factor is expressed in the hypothalamus, specifically in the PVN where expression of Giot1 mRNA increases following hydromineral challenges such as water deprivation or salt loading, although its physiological role is not clear. We hypothesize that GIOT1 has a central role in the integrated homeostatic and allostatic responses to disturbances in hydromineral balance, especially in the presence of female gonadal hormones. Female rats with intact ovaries or ovariectomized rats were subjected to specific microinjection of a lentiviral vector mediating Giot1 knockdown in the PVN. Three weeks after injection, rats were subjected to 48 h water deprivation, and thereafter water and salt intake were evaluated. Giot1 knockdown in PVN reduced water and saline intake as well as AVP and OXT secretion. Furthermore, Giot1 knockdown had profound effects on gene expression in the PVN, reducing the abundance of transcripts encoded by the Avp, Oxt, Nr4a1 and Crh genes. In conclusion, the present study shows for the first time that GIOT1 in the PVN regulates both transcription and fluid intake, although any connection to ovarian hormones remains to be established.
T1ρ imaging as a non‐invasive assessment of collagen remodelling and organization in human skeletal muscle after ligamentous injury
Authors: Noehren Brian , Hardy Peter A. , Andersen Anders , Brightwell Camille R. , Fry Jean L. , Vandsburger Moriel H. , Thompson Katherine L. , Fry Christopher S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDysregulation and fibrosis of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in skeletal muscle is a consequence of injury. Current ECM assessment necessitates muscle biopsies to evaluate alterations to the muscle ECM, which is often not practical in humans. The goal of this study was to evaluate the potential of a magnetic resonance imaging sequence that quantifies T1ρ relaxation time to predict ECM collagen composition and organization. T1ρ imaging was performed and muscle biopsies obtained from the involved and non‐involved vastus lateralis muscle on 27 subjects who had an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear. T1ρ times were quantified via monoexponential decay curve fitted to a series of T1ρ‐weighted images. Several ECM indices, including collagen content and organization, were obtained using immunohistochemistry and histochemistry in addition to hydroxyproline. Model selection with multiple linear regression was used to evaluate the relationships between T1ρ times and ECM composition. Additionally, the ACL‐deficient and healthy limb were compared to determine sensitivity of T1ρ to detect early adaptations in the muscle ECM following injury. We show that T1ρ relaxation time was strongly associated with collagen unfolding (t = 4.093, P = 0.0007) in the ACL‐deficient limb, and collagen 1 abundance in the healthy limb (t = 2.75, P = 0.014). In addition, we show that T1ρ relaxation time is significantly longer in the injured limb, coinciding with significant differences in several indices of collagen content and remodelling in the ACL‐deficient limb. These results support the use of T1ρ to evaluate ECM composition in skeletal muscle in a non‐invasive manner.
imageKey points
Dysregulation and fibrotic transformation of the skeletal muscle extracellular matrix (ECM) is a common pathology associated with injury and ageing.
Studies of the muscle ECM in humans have necessitated the use of biopsies, which are impractical in many settings.
Non‐invasive MRI T1ρ relaxation time was validated to predict ECM collagen composition and organization with aligned T1ρ imaging and biopsies of the vastus lateralis in the healthy limb and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)‐deficient limb of 27 subjects.
T1ρ relaxation time was strongly associated with collagen abundance and unfolding in the ACL‐deficient limb, and T1ρ relaxation time was strongly associated with total collagen abundance in the healthy limb.
T1ρ relaxation time was significantly longer in the ACL‐deficient limb, coinciding with significant increases in several indices of muscle collagen content and remodelling supporting the use of T1ρ to non‐invasively evaluate ECM composition and pathology in skeletal muscle.
Adaptation Strategy to Climate Change Among White Pepper Smallholder Farmers in Bangka-Belitung, Indonesia
Authors: Irawan Andi 
Published: October 2021

This study aimed to determine the effect of the socio-economic factors on climate change adaptation strategy of white pepper farmers in Bangka-Belitung Province, Indonesia. West Bangka Regency was chosen as a research site because this area is one of the main producer areas of white pepper. Then, 70 samples of white pepper farmers were randomly selected. The cross-section primary data were collected through interviewed directly with farmers in the research location using a list of questions in the questionnaire which had been served by the researcher. The logit regression model was used to analyze factors influencing farmers' adaptation to climate change. This research suggested as follows: 1) government programmes related to accelerating the implementation of climate change adaptation should be prioritized to female farmers 2) knowledge and technical skill of extension agent at local level relate to implementing adapted strategies of climate change must be increased, as well as materials regarding the implementation of climate change adaptation should be part of the agricultural extension syllabus for white pepper farmers.
Flow and Heat Transfer of Supercritical CO2 in a Vertical Tube Under Ocean Rolling Motion
Authors: Liu Dechao , Li Shulei , Xie Gongnan , Chen Youqian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper explores the fluid flow and heat transfer behaviors of supercritical carbon dioxide (SCO2) in a tube. The application is utilization of waste heat from a marine gas turbine. The effects of ocean rolling motion on the thermofluid characteristics of SCO2 in a circular tube are numerically investigated based on a verified turbulence model. It is found that the time-averaged heat transfer capacity over a rolling period is improved over static conditions by 7.9%. However, the onset of heat transfer recovery is postponed, and the range of heat transfer deterioration is extended. Under the action of inertial forces due to the rolling motion, heat exchange between cooler/denser and warmer/lighter fluids is enhanced. Secondary circulation is formed when t/tc = 0.325, and the section-averaged heat transfer coefficient is improved by a maximum of 71%. For various periods, a parabolic can be distinctly found in terms of the variation trend of time-averaged heat transfer coefficient, which behaves differently from conventional fluids. Regarding the instantaneous thermal performance, a polarization phenomenon can be observed under severe rolling. With the rise of the layout height, the time-averaged heat transfer performance of the tube increases monotonously, and the maximum increment is 10.64% in studied range.
Design as a Marked Point Process
Authors: Quigley John , Vasantha Gokula , Corney Jonathan , Purves David , Sherlock Andrew 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Although artificial intelligence (AI) systems which support composition using predictive text are well established, there are no analogous technologies for mechanical design. Motivated by the vision of a predictive system that learns from previous designs and can interactively provide a list of established feature alternatives to the designer as design progresses, this paper describes the theory, implementation, and assessment of an intelligent system that learns from a family of previous designs and generates inferences using a form of spatial statistics. The formalism presented models 3D design activity as a “marked point process” that enables the probability of specific features being added at particular locations to be calculated. Because the resulting probabilities are updated every time a new feature is added, the predictions will become more accurate as a design develops. This approach allows the cursor position on a CAD model to implicitly define a spatial focus for every query made to the statistical model. The authors describe the mathematics underlying a statistical model that amalgamates the frequency of occurrence of the features in the existing designs of a product family. Having established the theoretical foundations of the work, a generic six-step implementation process is described. This process is then illustrated for circular hole features using a statistical model generated from a dataset of hydraulic valves. The paper describes how the positions of each design’s extracted hole features can be homogenized through rotation and scaling. Results suggest that within generic part families (i.e., designs with common structure), a marked point process can be effective at predicting incremental steps in the development of new designs.