bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D printed protein-based robotic structures actuated by molecular motor-based cortices
Authors: Jia Haiyang , Flommersfeld Johannes , Heymann Michael , Vogel Sven , Franquelim Henri , Brueckner David , Eto Hiromune , Broedersz Chase , Schwille Petra 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Upscaling motor protein activity to perform work in man-made devices has long been an ambitious goal in bio-nanotechnology. The use of hierarchical motor assemblies, as realized in sarcomeres, has so far been complicated by the challenges of arranging sufficiently high numbers of motor proteins with nanoscopic precision. Here we suggest an alternative approach based on actomyosin cortex-like force production, allowing low complexity motor arrangements in a contractile meshwork that can be locally activated by ATP. The design is reminiscent of a motorized exoskeleton coating and thereby actuating soft protein-based polymer structures from the outside. This readily supports the connection and assembly of micro-3D printed modules into larger structures, thereby scaling up mechanical work. We provide an analytical model of force production in these systems and demonstrate the design flexibility by 3D printed units performing complex mechanical tasks, such as micro-arms and hands that perform sign language and wave.
Exposure Stability of Quantitative Fluorine-18 Measurements On The Biograph Vision Quadra PET/CT System
Authors: Prenosil George Amadeus , Hentschel Michael , Weitzel Thilo , Sari Hasan , Shi Kuangyu , Rominger Axel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Our aim was to determine sets of reconstruction parameters for the Biograph Vision Quadra (Siemens Healthineers) PET/CT system that result in quantitative images compliant with the European Association of Nuclear Medicine Research Ltd. (EARL) criteria. Using the Biograph Vision 600 (Siemens Healthineers) PET/CT technology but extending the axial field of view to 106 cm, gives the Vision Quadra currently an around fivefold higher sensitivity over the Vision 600 with otherwise comparable spatial resolution. Therefore, we also investigated how the number of incident positron decays - i.e. exposure - affects EARL compliance. This will allow estimating a minimal acquisition time or a minimal applied dose in clinical scans while retaining data comparability. Methods: We measured activity recovery curves on a NEMA IEC body phantom filled with an aqueous 18 F solution and a sphere to background ratio of 10 to 1 according to the latest EARL guidelines. Reconstructing 3570 images with varying OSEM PSF iterations, post-reconstruction Gaussian filter full width at half maximum (FWHM), and varying exposure from 0.2 MDecays/ml (= 10 sec frame duration) to 59.2 MDecays/ml (= 1 h frame duration), allowed us to determine sets of parameters to achieve compliance with the current EARL 1 and EARL 2 standards. Recovery coefficients (RCs) were calculated for the metrics RC max , RC mean , and RC peak , and the respective recovery curves were analysed for monotonicity. Results: Using 6 iterations, 5 subsets and 7.8 mm Gauss filtering resulted in best EARL 1 compliance and recovery curve monotonicity in all analysed frames. Most robust EARL2 compliance and monotonicity was achieved with 4 iterations, 5 subsets, and 4.6 mm Gauss FWHM in frames with durations between 10 min and 30 sec. RC peak only impeded EARL2 compliance in the 10 sec frame. Conclusions: While EARL1 compliance proved to be robust over all exposure ranges, EARL2 compliance required exposures between 0.6 MDecays/ml to 11.5 MDecays/ml. The Biograph Vision Quadra’s high sensitivity makes frames as short as 10 sec feasible for comparable quantitative images. Lowering EARL2 RC max limits closer to unity would possibly even permit 10 sec EARL2 compliant frames.
Effectiveness of a Newly-Developed Training Module Using 3D Printing for The Navigation During Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery
Authors: Jung Gyoohwan , Cho Sung Yong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We evaluated feasibility of the newly-developed 3D printed training module for the navigation during retrograde intrarenal surgery. Two specialists provided orientation to all trainees. The 3D printing model consisted of eight calyces in each kidney. One navigation time started from the moment when the endoscope entered into the ureter. After navigation was completed, the navigation time was recorded. The goal was to perform ten times of navigation for each side, starting from the right or the left side at random. After the experiment, all trainees were asked to fill out a questionnaire. The average of training period of all 17 trainees was 3.05 ± 1.80 years. The average navigation time of 308 trials was 153.4 ± 92.6 sec. The maximum and minimum navigation time were 354.3 ± 177.2 sec and 80.1 ± 25.6 sec. The mean navigation time of the first and the last trials of all trainees significantly decreased from 251.4 ± 108.0 sec to 93.9 ± 33.2 sec. The average of reduction in navigation time was 201.3 ± 133.3 sec. Almost all trainees were satisfied with the training. The newly-developed 3D printing navigation training module seems to be effective.
The Value of Left Internal Mammary Artery Velocity in Predicting the Prognosis of Patients After CABG
Authors: Guo Feng-Wei , Chen Hong , Dong Ya-Ling , Shang Jia-nan , Ruan Li-tao , Yan Yang , Song Yan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore the value of the LIMAV measured by ultrasound before CABG in predicting the prognosis of patients after LIMA bypass grafting. Methods: 104 patients who underwent CABG with LIMA as the bridge vessel in the cardiovascular surgery department of our hospital between May 2018 and June 2019 were selected. All patients underwent transthoracic Doppler ultrasonography to measure LIMAV preoperatively. Intraoperatively, MGF and PI of the LIMA bridge were measured using TTFM. The primary endpoint event in this study was cardiac death within 18 months after surgery. Results: The Cox survival analysis showed that the MGF , the LIMAV and LVEF were risk factors for death after CABG . The cut-offs of MGF ,LIMAV and LVEF for the prediction of death after CABG were ≤14 ml/min [AUC: 0.830; Sensitivity:100%; Specificity: 65.6%], ≤60cm/s (AUC: 0.759; Sensitivity:65.5%; Specificity:85.3%) and ≤44%（AUC:0.724; Sensitivity:50%; Specificity: 88.5% ）respectively. Compared with the use of MGF, MGF+LIMAV, combination of the MGF+LIMAV+LVEF （AUC:0.929; Sensitivity:100%; Specificity: 81.1%）resulted in a stronger predictive value（MGF vs MGF+LIMAV+LVEF: p=0.02）. Conclusion: LIMAV measured by transthoracic ultrasound pre-operation combined with intraoperative MGF and LVEF may have a greater value in predicting patients' risk of cardiac death after CABG.
Thermal and Mechanical Stabilities of Core-shell Microparticles Containing a Liquid Core
Authors: Galogahi Fariba Malekpour , An Hongjie , Zhu Yong , Nguyen Nam-Trung 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Thorough understanding of the behaviour of core-shell microparticles with a liquid core is essential for determining their performance in applications under different operation conditions. This paper reports the behaviour of core-shell particles with a liquid core under thermal and mechanical loads. First, we formulated an analytical model for the heating process of a core-shell microparticle with a liquid core. Next, we utilised an axisymmetric model of an elastic spherical shell upon compression to describe the deformation of a core-shell microparticle. Finally, we conducted experiments to validate these models. Both thermal and mechanical models agree well with the experimental data. The maximum temperature a core-shell microparticle can withstand depends on the liquid, the geometry, and the material of the shell. The critical compression force before rupture of a core-shell microparticle depends on the Poisson’s ratio of the shell material and the shell thickness relative to the outer shell radius. The rupture force and rupture temperature increase with increasing shell thickness.
Long-Distance Descending Commissural V0v Neurons Ensure Coordinated Swimming Movements Along The Body Axis in Larval Zebrafish
Authors: Kawano Kohei , Kato Kagayaki , Kimura Yukiko , Tanimoto Masashi , Higashijima Shin-ichi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Developmental maturation occurs in slow swimming behavior in larval zebrafish; older larvae acquire the ability to perform slow swimming with keeping their head stable in the yaw dimension. A class of long-distance descending commissural excitatory V0v neurons, called MCoD neurons, are known to develop at later phase of neurogenesis, and participate in slow swimming in older larvae. This led to a hypothesis that MCoD neurons play a role to coordinate the activities of trunk muscles in the diagonal dimension (e.g., the rostral left and the caudal right) to produce S-shaped swimming form, which would contribute to the stability of the head. Here, we show that MCoD neurons indeed play this role. In larvae in which MCoD neurons were laser-ablated, swimming body form often became one-sided (C-shaped) bend with reduced appearance of normal S-shaped bend. With this change of swimming form, the MCoD-ablated larvae exhibited greater degree of head yaw displacement during slow swimming. The long-distance descending commissural V0v neurons are implicated in playing roles in diagonal interlimb coordination during walking in mice. Together with this, our study suggests that the long-distance descending commissural V0v neurons form an evolutionally conserved pathway in the spinal locomotor circuits that coordinates movements of the diagonal body/limb muscles.
The Empirical Analysis of Technical Efficiency on Large Scale Grain Production in North West Ethiopia: A Stochastic Frontier Approach
Authors: Workneh Woretaw 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study is intended to scrutinize the technical efficiency of large scale grain crop producers in North West Ethiopia. Moreover, the study endeavored to determine socioeconomic characteristics, and farm management practices which influence the technical inefficiency in large scale grain production. Multiple stages random sampling technique was used to select 200 producers. The empirical results revealed that capital, labor, land, and seed input affect the output positively. The responsiveness of yield shows that a one-percent increase in utilization of capital, labor and land inputs will increase the grain production by 0.18%, 0.23% and 0.56% respectively, while, the agrochemical input influences the output negatively. Evidences from the technical inefficiency model shows that gender and levels of education variables increase technical efficiency. Age, occupation, district, and subsidies variables increase technical inefficiency. Producers’ technical efficiencies range from 23 to 100% and the mean technical efficiency is 71.7%. More effort should be made for adult and continuing education. Female producers should be given an opportunity in the management place in the large scale grain farming segment. In addition, the government is compelled to give strategies about proper input appliance and set up the pilot research institution in the study area.
Sexually Transmitted Infections, the Epidemic That Persists After the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Time-series Analysis of the Primary Care Electronic Health Records Covering About 5 Million People in Catalonia
Authors: Guiriguet Carolina , Alberny Mireia , Coma Ermengol , Roca Carme , Fina Francesc , Fàbregas Mireia , Benítez Mència , Medina Manuel , Poza Mariam de la 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and related control measures have affected the diagnosis of other diseases, including sexually transmitted infections (STI). Our aim is to analyse the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of STI diagnosed in primary care.Methods: Time-series study of STI, using data from primary care electronic health records in Catalonia (Spain) from January 2016 to March 2021. We obtained the monthly expected incidence of STI using a temporary regression, where the response variable was the incidence of STI from 2016 to 2019 and the adjustment variables were the trend and seasonality of the time series. Excess or reduction of STI were defined as the number of observed minus the expected cases, globally and stratified by age, sexe, type of STI and socioeconomic status.Results: Between March 2020 and March 2021 we observed a reduction of 20.2% (95% CI: 13.0% to 25.8%) on STI diagnoses compared to the expected. This reduction was greater during the lockdown period (-39%), in women (-26.5%), in people aged under 60 years (up to -22.4% in people aged 30-59 years), less deprived areas (-24%) and some types of STI, specially chlamydia (-32%), gonorrhea (-30.7%) and HIV (-21.5%). Conversely, syphilis and non-specific STI were those with lesser reductions with -3.6% and -7.2%, respectively,Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted on STI incidence, reducing the number of diagnoses performed in primary care and raising concerns about future evolution of STI trends. Those STI that are less symptomatic or diagnosed through screening will deserve special attention regarding potential diagnostic delays.
The Preparation And Electrochemical Performance Analysis of Different Porous Silicon Composites
Authors: Wang Xuchun , Liu Qianrui , Shu Jiaohong , Ouyang Dongdong , Zhang Xuemei , Chen Junming , Zhou Huaguang , Zhang Yuyang , Kong Jinming 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this work, LiAlH4 is used to reduce SiO2 to porous silicon, and then nano-silver (AgNPs) and Li2CO3 are attached to porous silicon substrate to form different porous silicon composites. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are applied to characterize the morphology of porous silicon composites, and porous silicon composites are tested via electrochemical techniques. The experimental results present that porous silicon composites loaded with AgNPs (Si-Ag) show higher specific capacity (476.0195 mA·h·g-1) and lower interfacial impedance compared with composites loaded with Li2CO3 (Si-Li2CO3). Si-Ag composites are suitable to be used as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.
RIP3/CaMK II-Mediated Cardiomyocyte Necroptosis Plays a Key Role in Coxsackievirus B3-Induced Acute Severe Myocarditis
Authors: Wen Te , Ding Jiawang , Teng Lin , Zhao Hui , Yang Jun , Li Song , Zhou Fei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Recent studies have shown that RIP3/CaMK II plays a key role in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury; however, the role of RIP3/CaMK II-mediated cardiomyocyte necroptosis in CVB3-induced severe myocarditis has remained largely unknown. In this study, we found that KN-93(CaMK II–specific inhibitor) significantly reduced myocardial cell necrosis, improved cardiac function, and an improved survival curve. To further understand the mechanisms behind the regulation of necroptosis by RIP3/CaMK II, we added Ti(reactive oxygen species–specific inhibitor) in the model using the double-antibody sandwich immunoassay and BCA methods. After adding Ti, H2O2 content in the CVB3+KN-93+Ti group was slightly lower than that in the CVB3+KN-93 group. However, there was no obvious improvement of cardiac function or survival curve. Collectively, the RIP3/CaMK II pathway plays a significant role in cardiomyocyte death induced by viral infection. KN-93 blocks this pathway and may serve as a new therapeutic option for the treatment of severe viral myocarditis. The mechanism may occur through the direct inhibition of CaMK II and the indirect inhibition of reactive oxygen species.
A Novel Score Combining Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Parameters and Systemic Immune-inflammation Index Improves Prognosis Prediction in Non-small-cell Lung Cancer With Brain Metastases
Authors: Guo Dong , Liu Jiafeng , Li Yanping , Chen Qingqing , Zhao Yunzheng , Guo Xinwei , Ji Shengjun , Zhu Shuchai 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the significance of combination of the magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) parameters and systemic immune-inflammation (SII) in patients with brain metastases (BM) from non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with stereotactic radiotherapy. Methods: 118 NSCLC patients with BM who treated with stereotactic radiotherapy were retrospectively enrolled into this study. All patients underwent MRS and blood samples test for SII analysis before the initiation of stereotactic radiotherapy. The correlation between the parameters of MRS and SII level were assessed using the spearman correlation coefficient. The cut-off values for the parameters of MRS, SII and clinical laboratory variables were defined by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to quantify these predictive value. The prognostic factors of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) curves were assessed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models.Results: The median follow-up time was 25 months (range, 12-49months). The optimal cutoff point for the cho/cr and SII were 1.50 and 480, respectively. The cho/cr was negatively correlated with SII (rs = 0.164, P = 0.075), but there was a trend. C-SII score was established by combining cho/cr and SII. Patients with both an elevated cho/cr (> 1.50) and an elevated SII (> 480) were given a C-SII score of 2, and patients with one or neither were given a C-SII score of 1 or 0, respectively. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that the C-SII score of 2 was significantly linked with poor OS and PFS (P < 0.001, P < 0.001). In the Cox proportional hazards model, the C-SII score independently predicted OS [hazard ratio (HR), 1.749; 95% CI, 1.176-2.601; P = 0.006] and PFS (HR, 2.472; 95% CI, 1.624-3.763; P < 0.001). Conclusion: C-SII score was more accurate for predicting the clinical outcomes of NSCLC patients with BM who undergo stereotactic radiotherapy. The C-SII score, which was superior to either score alone, which could be used to identify for BM from NSCLC patients with poor outcomes.
Study on Mesoscopic Stuctural Damage and Permeability Evolution of Freeze-Thaw Shale
Authors: Wang Jun-guang , Xuan Zhang-qing , Jin Qiao , Sun Wei-ji , Liang Bing , Yu Qing-rong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
To study the mesoscopic damage and permeability evolution of rock under freezing-thawing (F-T) cycles, freezing-thawing cycle experiments were carried out on shale under different F-T temperatures and cycles, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and permeability experiments were conducted on shale after F-T. On the basis of the experiment, the pores and permeability of the F-T shale are analyzed, and the existing permeability model is modified and improved; Therefore, the mesoscopic damage evolution characteristics and permeability evolution law of the F-T shale are obtained. It is found that with the increase in the number of cycles, the pore structure of the rock samples changes as the pore size expands and the number of pores increases, and the average porosity also increases correspondingly. It is also found that there is a good positive correlation between the increase in shale porosity and the increase in permeability. Therefore, it is believed that the increase in pore size and pore number leads to an increase in porosity, which in turn leads to an increase in permeability. On the basis of the improved SDR permeability model, the spectral area ratio parameters of large pores and fractures in the T2 spectrum were added for correction, and the number of the F-T cycles and temperature parameters were introduced to obtain the modified permeability evolution model of F-T shale. Compared with the experimental results, it is found that the modified model has good applicability. The damage law and permeability of shale under different F-T conditions are analyzed from the microscopic point of view, which has important reference significance for engineering construction in frozen soil areas.
Dietary Magnesium Intake Modifies the Association Between Vitamin D and Systolic Blood Pressure: Results From NHANES 2007-2014.
Authors: Huang Weichao , Ma Xiaoman , Chen Yue , Zheng Jiayi , Li Haojia , Nizhamu Ayinigaer , Hong Qingting , Guo Xuguang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
IntroductionAlthough the association between blood pressure and vitamin D has been well studied, the effects of dietary magnesium intake on this relationship are still unclear. Thus, this study aimed to determine the effects of dietary magnesium intake on the association between vitamin D and blood pressure.Research design and methodsThe present study analyzed data from the continuous NHANES 2007-2014. We included 8799 participants aged 20 years or older. Multivariable linear regression was performed to assess the association between vitamin D and systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Dietary magnesium intake was stratified by low magnesium intake (<299mg/d), high magnesium intake (>=299mg/d). Effect modification by dietary magnesium intake was assessed through interaction tests between vitamin D and SBP in the multivariable linear regression.ResultsIn this cross-sectional study, we found vitamin D was negatively related to SBP, but not to DBP. The relationship between vitamin D and SBP was different in the low and high magnesium intake group (β: -0.18 95%Cl: -0.35-0 vs β: -0.3 95%Cl: -0.51- -0.1). Furthermore, magnesium intake significantly modified the negative relationship between vitamin D and SBP (P value for interaction: 0.026).ConclusionOur research showed that magnesium and vitamin D have an interactive effect in reducing SBP, which may have great importance for clinical medication.
Lessons Learned in Allergy and Immunology Training: A Survey Analysis
Authors: Cyr Chloe Elizabeth , Cyr Michael Mark , Quirt Jaclyn , Connors Lori 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background:
There is currently little Canadian data to assess how well traditional time-based residency training programs have prepared residents for careers in Clinical Immunology and Allergy (CIA). This study aims to identify the perceived preparedness of residents in various areas of practice upon the completion of a Canadian CIA residency training program.
Methods:
In the summer of 2020, an electronic survey was sent to 2018 and 2019 graduates of Canadian CIA training programs by the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (CSACI).
Results:
Former residents felt well prepared in most Medical Expert areas. Residents felt less prepared for the intrinsic roles of Leader, Communicator, Collaborator, Health Advocate, Scholar, and Professional. The majority of the intrinsic competencies were learned through mentorship and on the job after finishing training.
Conclusions:
Upon completion of training, Canadian CIA residents felt well prepared for many competencies, particularly in Medical Expert areas. Training programs may wish to focus on various intrinsic competencies in order to better prepare residents for transition to practice. Academic half-day was not identified as a primary learning centre for intrinsic competencies, suggesting that new teaching strategies may be required.