bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cognitive behavioural model of the bidirectional relationship between disordered eating and diabetes self care in people with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Harrison Amy , Zaremba Natalie , Brown Jennie , Allan Jacqueline , Konstantara Emmanouela , Hopkins David , Treasure Janet , Ismail Khalida , Stadler Marietta 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimsThis qualitative study aimed to develop the first cognitive behavioural therapy model outlining the development and maintenance of disordered eating in type 1 diabetes and report on recovery strategies and resilience factors to improve previous theoretical models of type 1 diabetes and disordered eating.MethodsTwenty‐three women (n = 9 with type 1 diabetes and disordered eating,n = 5 with type 1 diabetes recovering from disordered eating, andn = 9 with type 1 diabetes without disordered eating) participated in semi‐structured interviews. Data were analysed using grounded theory and individual cognitive–behavioural formulations were developed for each participant to inform the development/maintenance and resilience models.ResultsThe development/maintenance model summarises commonly experienced vicious cycles of thoughts, feelings and behaviours in type 1 diabetes and disordered eating. The resilience model summarises strategies and knowledge acquired by those with type 1 diabetes in recovery from disordered eating and individuals with type 1 diabetes who did not develop disordered eating. Early adverse life events, past psychiatric history, perfectionist personality traits, difficult experiences around type 1 diabetes diagnosis and its relentless daily management sensitise individuals to eating, weight and shape cues. Alongside physical symptoms/complications, unhelpful interpersonal reactions and inadequate healthcare, vicious cycles of thoughts, feelings and behaviours develop. ‘Good enough’ psychological adaptation to type 1 diabetes, integrating type 1 diabetes into one's identity, self care and compassion around eating, weight and shape were key protective/post‐traumatic resilience factors.ConclusionsThis first cognitive behavioural therapy model of type 1 diabetes and disordered eating informed by personal experience will inform an intervention for type 1 diabetes and disordered eating.
North–South research collaborations: An empirical evaluation against principles of transboundary research
Authors: Kotze Shelley , Dymitrow Mirek 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMotivationTransboundary research collaborations (TRCs) are critical in supporting evidence‐based actions to address complex global issues, yet there remains a lack of empirical knowledge that would detail how TRCs are organized, how activities are facilitated, and how actors interact.PurposeWe address this knowledge gap by evaluating a North–South TRC against the 11 principles for TRCs defined by the Commission for Research Partnerships with Developing Countries (KFPE).Methods and approachUsing personal accounts, content analysis, and semi‐structured interviews/surveys, our evaluation casts light on how the process of running a TRC in the 21st century is enacted from the perspective of the individual.FindingsOur results and discussion provide the basis for a more probing and systematic case for and against contemporary TRCs, their underlying value structures and ways of working, as well as the dimensions that are lacking.Policy implicationsEvaluation of TRCs must include the experience of all the actors involved in the TRC and not only the outcomes they produce; transdisciplinarity cannot be viewed as the only way to solve general development issues, but must be carefully considered in order not to mask underlying issues of inequality and poor ethics; and the ring‐fencing of funding for a specific purpose or TRC does not negate the need to scrutinize the activities that are undertaken in the name of the TRC.
Time to onset of cannabidiol (CBD) treatment effect in Lennox–Gastaut syndrome: Analysis from two randomized controlled trials
Authors: Privitera Michael , Bhathal Hari , Wong Matthew , Cross J. Helen , Wirrell Elaine , Marsh Eric D. , Mazurkiewicz‐Beldzinska Maria , Villanueva Vicente , Checketts Daniel , Knappertz Volker , VanLandingham Kevan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate time to onset of cannabidiol (CBD) treatment effect (seizure reduction and adverse events [AEs]), we conducted post hoc analyses of data from two randomized, placebo‐controlled, Phase 3 trials, GWPCARE3 (NCT02224560) and GWPCARE4 (NCT02224690), of patients with Lennox–Gastaut syndrome.MethodsPatients received plant‐derived pharmaceutical formulation of highly purified CBD (Epidiolex, 100 mg/ml oral solution) at 10 mg/kg/day (CBD10; GWPCARE3) or 20 mg/kg/day (CBD20; both trials) or placebo for 14 weeks. Treatment started at 2.5 mg/kg/day for all groups and reached 10 mg/kg/day on Day 7 and 20 mg/kg/day (CBD20 and matching placebo only) on Day 11. Percentage change from baseline in drop seizure frequency was calculated by cumulative day (i.e., including all previous days). Time to onset and resolution of AEs were evaluated.ResultsOverall, 235 patients received CBD (CBD10 [GWPCARE3 only],n = 67; CBD20 [pooled GWPCARE3&4],n = 168) and 161 received placebo. Mean (range) age was 15.3 years (2.6–48.0). Patients had previously discontinued a median (range) of six (0–28) antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and were currently taking a median of three (0–5) AEDs. Differences in drop seizure reduction between placebo and CBD emerged during the titration period and became nominally significant by Day 6 (p = .008) for pooled CBD treatment groups. Separation between placebo and CBD in ≥50% responder rate emerged by Day 6. Onset of the first reported AE occurred during the titration period in 45% of patients (CBD10, 46%; CBD20, 52%; placebo, 38%). In patients with AEs, resolution occurred within 4 weeks of onset in 53% of placebo and 39% of CBD patients and by end of study in 63% of placebo and 61% of CBD patients.SignificanceTreatment effect (efficacy and AEs) of CBD may occur within 1 week of starting treatment. Although AEs lasted longer for CBD than placebo, most resolved within the 14‐week period.
Risk factors for prediction of delirium at hospital admittance
Authors: Cano‐Escalera Guillermo , Graña Manuel , Irazusta Jon , Labayen Idoia , Besga Ariadna 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAging population in many developed countries, moves the issue of healthy aging at the forefront of the political, scientific and technological concerns. Delirium is a multifactorial disorder that is highly prevalent in hospitalized elderly people that causes complications in the patient care and increases mortality at the hospital and soon after discharge. Early diagnostics would allow improved treatment and prevention for a syndrome that requires very personalized treatment. This paper deals with machine learning based prediction of delirium at hospital admittance as a computer aided diagnostic tool, as well as with the identification of risk factors by means of the variable importance computed by the classifier model building approaches. We achieve almost 0.80 classification accuracy, which is encourages further exploration of improved classifier models. Exploration of variable importance shows that frailty, dementia and some pharmacological factors are relevant risk factors for delirium at hospital admittance.
Inverse hydrogen isotope fractionation indicates heterotrophic microbial production of long‐chain n‐alkyl lipids in desolate Antarctic ponds
Authors: Chen Xin , Liu Xiaodong , Jia Hongzeng , Jin Jing , Kong Weidong , Huang Yongsong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLong‐chain (>C25) n‐alkyl lipids have long been considered biomarkers for higher plant leaf waxes and widely applied for paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental reconstructions. However, recent experimental and lacustrine sediment studies suggest long‐chain n‐alkanes and n‐alkanoic acids can also be produced by aerobic microbes, probably heterotrophic microbes based on carbon isotope data. Here we show that sedimentary long‐chain n‐alkanes and n‐alkanoic acids in two desolate Antarctic ponds where vascular plants are absent in the surroundings display hydrogen isotopic values up to 300 per mil higher than those of lake water. It is the first time that such strongly inverse or reduced hydrogen isotopic fractionation of lipid biomarkers is observed in natural sediment samples. Based on recent extensive experimental data on microbial hydrogen isotopic fractionation, our data can only be explained by the predominant production of long‐chain n‐alkanes and n‐alkanoic acids from heterotrophic micro‐organisms. Together with preliminary 16S rRNA gene sequencing data, our results represent the first unambiguous example of predominant heterotrophic microbial production of long‐chain n‐alkyl waxes in a natural environment.
The ecological impacts of multiple environmental stressors on coastal biofilm bacteria
Authors: Ferguson Robert M. W. , O’Gorman Eoin J. , McElroy David J. , McKew Boyd A. , Coleman Ross A. , Emmerson Mark C. , Dumbrell Alex J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEcological communities are increasingly exposed to multiple interacting stressors. For example, warming directly affects the physiology of organisms, eutrophication stimulates the base of the food web, and harvesting larger organisms for human consumption dampens top‐down control. These stressors often combine in the natural environment with unpredictable results. Bacterial communities in coastal ecosystems underpin marine food webs and provide many important ecosystem services (e.g. nutrient cycling and carbon fixation). Yet, how microbial communities will respond to a changing climate remains uncertain. Thus, we used marine mesocosms to examine the impacts of warming, nutrient enrichment, and altered top‐predator population size structure (common shore crab) on coastal microbial biofilm communities in a crossed experimental design. Warming increased bacterial α‐diversity (18% increase in species richness and 67% increase in evenness), but this was countered by a decrease in α‐diversity with nutrient enrichment (14% and 21% decrease for species richness and evenness, respectively). Thus, we show some effects of these stressors could cancel each other out under climate change scenarios. Warming and top‐predator population size structure both affected bacterial biofilm community composition, with warming increasing the abundance of bacteria capable of increased mineralization of dissolved and particulate organic matter, such as Flavobacteriia, Sphingobacteriia, and Cytophagia. However, the community shifts observed with warming depended on top‐predator population size structure, with Sphingobacteriia increasing with smaller crabs and Cytophagia increasing with larger crabs. These changes could alter the balance between mineralization and carbon sequestration in coastal ecosystems, leading to a positive feedback loop between warming and CO2 production. Our results highlight the potential for warming to disrupt microbial communities and biogeochemical cycling in coastal ecosystems, and the importance of studying these effects in combination with other environmental stressors.
A prospective, randomized, double‐blind trial of intravenous chlorpromazine versus intravenous prochlorperazine for the treatment of acute migraine in adults presenting to the emergency department
Authors: Hodgson Sarah E. , Harding Andrew M. , Bourke Elyssia M. , Taylor David M. , Greene Shaun L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of intravenous chlorpromazine versus intravenous prochlorperazine for the treatment of acute migraine in adults presenting to the emergency department (ED).BackgroundMigraine is a common, incapacitating neurological condition. Although chlorpromazine and prochlorperazine are known to be safe, efficacious treatments for migraine, they have never been directly compared.DesignWe performed a prospective, randomized, double‐blind clinical trial at a tertiary hospital in Melbourne, Australia. Adults aged 18–65 years, who presented with migraine, were eligible for recruitment. Sixty‐six patients were randomized to either chlorpromazine 12.5 mg or prochlorperazine 12.5 mg, both infused in 500 ml of sodium chloride 0.9% over 30 min. Headache severity score, nausea severity score, and the presence of photophobia and phonophobia were assessed at 0, 30, 60, and 120 min. Adverse effects and the need for rescue therapy were recorded. The primary outcome was a reduction in headache severity score from baseline at 60 min post‐commencement of the study medicine infusion.ResultsSixty‐five patients were included in the analysis. There was a median reduction in headache severity score at 60 min of 3.0 (interquartile range 1.0–4.0) in the chlorpromazine arm versus 2.0 (1.0–4.0) in the prochlorperazine arm (median difference −0.5 (95% confidence interval, −1.9 to 0.9)). We saw no evidence of a difference in secondary outcomes at 30, 60, or 120 min. Side effects were reported in 16/32 (50%) patients in the chlorpromazine group versus 7/33 (21%) in the prochlorperazine group (p = 0.020). Rescue therapy was required in 7/32 (22%) patients in the chlorpromazine group versus 12/33 (36%) in the prochlorperazine group (p = 0.277).ConclusionsBoth chlorpromazine and prochlorperazine are efficacious treatments for acute migraine in adult patients presenting to the ED. This trial found no evidence of superiority of either agent over the other. Caution should be used when prescribing these medicines in the borderline hypotensive patient; in that circumstance, prochlorperazine should be preferentially used.
Barriers to care in episodic and chronic migraine: Results from the Chronic Migraine Epidemiology and Outcomes Study
Authors: Buse Dawn C. , Armand Cynthia E. , Charleston Larry , Reed Michael L. , Fanning Kristina M. , Adams Aubrey Manack , Lipton Richard B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess rates of and factors associated with traversing fundamental barriers to good medical outcomes and pharmacologic care in individuals with episodic migraine (EM) and chronic migraine (CM), including socioeconomic status and race.BackgroundBarriers to good outcomes in migraine include the lack of appropriate medical consultation, failure to receive an accurate diagnosis, not being offered a regimen with acute and preventive pharmacologic treatments (if indicated), and not avoiding medication overuse.MethodsThe Chronic Migraine Epidemiology and Outcomes (CaMEO) Study was a longitudinal Internet‐based survey. Respondents who met criteria for migraine consistent with the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition, had a Migraine Disability Assessment score ≥ 6, and provided health insurance coverage status were included in this analysis. Successfully traversing each barrier to care and the effects of sociodemographic characteristics were examined.ResultsAmong 16,789 respondents with migraine, 9184 (54.7%; EM: 7930; CM: 1254) were eligible. Current headache consultation was reported by 27.6% (2187/7930) of EM and 40.8% (512/1254) of CM respondents. Among consulters, 75.7% (1655/2187) with EM and 32.8% (168/512) with CM were accurately diagnosed. Among diagnosed consulters, 59.9% (992/1655) with EM and 54.2% (91/168) with CM reported minimally appropriate acute and preventive pharmacologic treatment. Among diagnosed and treated consulters, in the EM group 31.8% (315/992) and in the CM group 74.7% (68/91) met medication overuse criteria. Only 8.5% (677/7930) of EM and 1.8% (23/1254) of CM respondents traversed all four barriers. Higher income was positively associated with likelihood of traversing each barrier. Blacks and/or African Americans had higher rates of consultation than other racial groups. Blacks and/or African Americans and multiracial people had higher rates of acute medication overuse.ConclusionsEfforts to improve care should focus on increasing consultation and diagnosis rates, improving the delivery of all appropriate guideline‐based treatment, and avoidance of medication overuse.
Accuracy of carbohydrate‐deficient transferrin as a biomarker of chronic alcohol abuse during treatment for alcoholism
Authors: Suzuki Tatsuya , Eguchi Akiko , Shigefuku Ryuta , Nagao Saeko , Morikawa Masayuki , Sugimoto Kazushi , Iwasa Motoh , Takei Yoshiyuki 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimClinical evaluations are generally used to verify the effectiveness of detoxification treatments for alcohol dependence, but new objective biomarkers are essential for accurate diagnosis. We aim to assess the accuracy of carbohydrate‐deficient transferrin (%CDT) in a cohort of Japanese patients admitted to a psychiatric hospital specializing in alcohol dependence. In addition, we investigated the kinetics of %CDT during alcohol moderation or cessation.MethodsThe study cohort consisted of 126 alcohol‐dependent patients. The levels of serum %CDT were assessed by the N Latex CDT direct immunonephelometric assay.ResultsAlcohol consumption was significantly correlated with %CDT. The only independent predictive factor of alcohol consumption was %CDT, with glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) and albumin–bilirubin score proving insufficient. The cut‐off value of %CDT was 1.9% with high sensitivity and specificity in detecting alcohol abstinence beyond 30 days (68.6% sensitivity, 91.8% specificity) and excessive alcohol drinking (77.9% sensitivity, 77.1% specificity). The %CDT levels were significantly decreased at 30 days of abstinence when compared with baseline. Notably, %CDT values were significantly changed even in the light alcohol drinking cohort (p = 0.0009), whereas GGT levels were not significantly changed.ConclusionsOur results indicate that %CDT is an accurate and specific biomarker of alcohol consumption and is useful in detecting alcohol abstinence even in a low alcohol intake patient cohort. These results suggest that %CDT could be a useful objective biomarker of chronic alcohol abuse during clinical treatment for alcoholism.
Evaluation of the effect of periodontitis on quality of life using Oral‐Dental Health‐Related Quality of Life‐United Kingdom scale
Authors: Kutsal Derya , Bilgin Çetin Mehtap , Durukan Elif , Bulut Şule 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the impact of periodontitis on oral health‐related quality of life (OHQoL) using Oral‐Dental Health‐Related Quality of Life‐United Kingdom (OHRQoL‐UK) scale and evaluate the contributing factors.Methods50 patients with untreated periodontitis and 50 individuals without periodontitis were enrolled in the study. All subjects received detailed periodontal examination. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) measurements were examined. OHRQoL was assessed by the Oral Health Quality of Life‐United Kingdom (OHRQoL‐UK) scale. Symptoms of periodontitis were monitored by visual analogue scale (VAS). Socio‐demographic characteristics, medical history, smoking status, hygiene habits of the participants were recorded. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT04240014.ResultsTotal OHRQoL‐UK scores were 38.24±6.47 in periodontitis patients and 55.88±9.38 in non‐periodontitis individuals (p < 0.001). The scores of all 4 parameters were significantly lower in patients with periodontitis compared to healthy individuals (p <0.001). Higher PI, GI, PD and CAL values were associated with extensive negative impacts of periodontitis on OHRQoL (p < 0.001). According to the results of linear regression analysis, only periodontitis was found to associate with OHRQoL. Periodontal disease reduces the total quality of life score by 15.087 (ß= −15.087; 95% CI = [(−18.934)‐(−11.240)].ConclusionsIndividuals with periodontitis has diminished OHRQoL compared to healthy individuals.
Oral health awareness, attitude towards dental treatment, fear of infection and economic impact during COVID‐19 pandemic in the Middle East
Authors: Abdulkareem Ali A , Abdulbaqi Hayder R , Alshami Muhanad L , Al‐Rawi Natheer H 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the impact of COVID‐19 on oral hygiene (OH) awareness, attitude towards dental treatment, fear of infection and economic impact in the Middle East.MethodsThis survey was performed by online distribution of questionnaires in three countries in the Middle East (Jordan, Iraq and Egypt). The questionnaire consisted of five sections: the first section was aimed at collecting demographic data and the rest sections used to assess OH awareness, attitude towards dental treatment, degree of fear and economic impact of COVID‐19. The answers were either multiple choice, closed‐end (Yes or No) or 5‐point Likert scale for the last four sections.ResultsA total of 3782 respondents completed the questionnaire. Overall, OH awareness was low (mean ±SD; 1.84 ± 1.03), while attitude towards dental treatment (5.04 ± 1.68) and economic impact (11.29 ± 4.37) were moderately affected. In addition, fear of infection showed moderately high level (14.04 ± 4.11). All subgroups of the demographic variables showed significant differences among them in relation to OH awareness and attitude towards dental treatment. The regression model suggested country, gender, age, education level, income level and fear as predictors for OH awareness (R2 0.036) and attitude towards dental care (R2 0.141).ConclusionsThe pandemic negatively impacted the level of OH awareness. However, the attitude towards dental treatment was moderately affected. Increasing public fear and compromised economy influenced OH awareness and the attitude towards dental treatment.
Influence of γ‐irradiation on antioxidant, thermal and rheological properties of native and irradiated whole grain millet flours
Authors: Wani Haroon Maqbool , Sharma Paras , Wani Idrees Ahmed , Kothari Shanker Lal , Wani Ali Abas 
Published: April 2021

SummaryMillets of different types like Barnyard (Echinochloa utilis), Finger (Eleusine coracana), Foxtail (Setaria italic), Kodo (Paspalum setaceum) Little (Panicum sumatrense), Pearl (Pennisetum glaucum) and Proso millets (Penicum miliaceum) are staple foods for Indian and African diets. The germination, fungal and microbial contamination leads to postharvest losses mainly due to poor warehouse storage in Asia and Africa. Six millet varieties conditioned at 12% and 14% moisture content and irradiated at a dosage of 2.5 and 5 kGy and then milled into flours. The flour was analysed for composition, antioxidant and the rheological and thermal properties. Pearl, Proso, Finger Kodo at 12% moisture contents showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in Phenolic contents at 2.5 kGy level of irradiation treatments compared with native and 5% irradiation treatment level. The DPPH activity showed an interesting results (42.77–72.65%) with wide variation and a mixed trend of high and low results with irradiation. Thermal transition temperatures showed that the irradiation decreased the transition temperatures primarily due to loss of the crystalline and amorphous starch structure due to radiation that lead to rapid water uptake and shorter time to reach peak viscosity. We are further studying the application of the irradiated flours in different food products to understand the influence of irradiation on nutritional, sensory and functional properties in cereal‐based products.