bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Crude Enzymatic Extract In Mushroom Processing To Recover High Value Products
Authors: Otieno Ojwang Daniel , Jakim Mulaa F. , Obiero George , Midiwo Jacob 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In the present study, a fungal strain was isolated from mushroom waste dump-site and was described based on the morphological and molecular characteristics. The crude enzymatic extract was prepared by fermenting pineapple peels using the newly isolated fungal strain under solid-state condition. The enzymatic saccharification conditions of mushroom were optimized using the central composite design based on the response surface methodology. The isolate had black colony color, conidial head biseriate and small conidia which are synonymous with Aspergillus niger. The phylogenetic analysis using the rDNA ITS sequencing further revealed that the isolate was identical (≥99%) to A. niger. The crude extract displayed CMCase, Fpase and xylanase activities of 20.73U/mL, 34.57U/mL and 118.03U/mL respectively. The saccharification using the crude extract at optimal conditions of pH 6.5, temperature 50oC, enzyme loading of 5% (v/v) and time of 12h achieved maximum glucose yield of 1.639 mg mL-1 which is 1.1 folds higher than the predicted value. This study demonstrated the potential use of crude enzymatic extract from the newly isolated A. niger as a viable and efficient low-cost approach to mushroom processing using enzymes.
IL35 Attenuated LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Regulating Macrophage Polarization
Authors: Chen Shengsong , Xia Jingen , Zhang Yi , Zhan Qing Yuan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Interleukin 35 (IL35) has been reported to play a role in acute lung injury (ALI); however, the current results on the relationship between IL35 and ALI are inconsistent. Therefore, we will further determine the function of IL35 in mouse ALI and its potential mechanism in this paper. HE staining and Masson staining were used to evaluate lung injury in mice. Immunohistochemical staining was used to calculate the expression of IL35 p35, TLR4 and MD2 and the ratio of Bax/Bcl2 and p-P65/P65. The expression levels of IL35 EBi3, CD68, CD206 and MPO were detected by immunofluorescence staining. RT–PCR was used to examine the expression levels of IL1β and IL6. TUNEL staining was performed to detect apoptotic cells. Overexpression of IL35 alleviated LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice. IL35 overexpression decreased the expression of CD68 and increased the expression of CD206 in ALI mice. Furthermore, upregulation of IL35 expression obviously reduced the expression of MPO, IL1β and IL6 in lung tissues of mice with ALI. Mechanistically, IL35 suppressed the TLR4/NFκB-P65 pathway, leading to the promotion of M1 to M2 macrophage transition and inflammation relief in ALI in mice.
Nitrogen-Doped Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Inhibit Fat Deposition via Immunomodulatory Actions
Authors: Li Haifang , Xiao Xue , Hu Geng , He Dalin , Zhang Wenqian , Yu Guanliu , Liu Yan , Lin Yun , Lin Hai , Li Xianyao , Diao Youxiang , Tang Yi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) offer immense opportunities to deliver drug and biomolecules to targeted tissues. However, it’s unclear for us about their effects on fat metabolism. Here, we demonstrate that nitrogen-doped carboxylate-functionalized MWCNTs (N-MWCNTs) inhibit fat deposition both in vivo and in vitro primarily by suppressing adipogenesis. N-MWCNTs show good biocompatability in HEK293 mammalian cells. Intramuscular administration of N-MWCNTs does not affect the body weight gain and feed intake of mice, but reduces the fat mass. In in vitro-cultured adipocytes, N-MWCNTs suppress fat accumulation, accompanying with decreased and increased expression of adipogenic and lipolysis genes, respectively. Transcriptome analysis further certified the N-MWCNT alteration of fat metabolism-related genes. Interestingly, we observed the phagocytosis of N-MWCNTs by macrophage-like cells via TEM imaging. The mRNA sequencing data also showed remarkable variation of the genes involved in TLRs pathway, ultimately leading to down- or up-regulation of inflammatory factors, of which Tnfα, Il1, Il7, Il10, and Il12 are decreased, whereas Il6 and Il11 are increased. In conclusion, N-MWCNTs induce the production of inflammatory cytokines through immune responses, which trigger the reduction of fat deposition. These findings support the usage of N-MWCNTs as a promising delivery for anti-obesity agents.
Learning Models for Forecasting Hospital Resource Utilization for COVID-19 Patients in Canada
Authors: Zhang Jianfei , Pathak Harini , Snowdon Anne , Greiner Russell 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic has overwhelmed health systems and hospital capacity in Canada. Hospitals are facing a crisis-level shortage of critical supplies (e.g., hospital and ICU beds) and equipment (e.g., ventilators). This motivates our need for models that can accurately forecast regional demand for hospital resources. This work aims to create predictive models that can use Canada COVID-19 data and pandemic-related factors to accurately forecast 5 quantities -- three related to hospital resource utilization (i.e., number of hospital beds, ICU beds, and ventilators that will be needed by COVID-19 patients) and two to the pandemic progress (i.e., number of COVID-19 cases and COVID-19 deaths) -- several weeks in advance. We developed a machine learning method that can use information (i.e., resource utilization, pandemic progress, population mobility, weather condition, and public policy) currently known about a region since March 2020, to learn 116 temporal convolutional network (TCN) models every week; each used for forecasting the weekly average of one of these 5 quantities in Canada (respectively, in six specific provinces) for each of the next 4 weeks -- e.g., on 20 Nov 2020, forecasting the average number of ICU beds that will be needed by COVID-19 patients in the region of Ontario for the week ending on 18 Dec 2020. We compared our method, versus other standard models, on the COVID-19 data and hospital resource data, on the tasks of predicting these 116 values, every week from Oct 2020 to July 2021. Experimental results show that our 4640 TCN models (each forecasting a regional target for a specific future time, on a specific date) can produce accurate forecasts of demand for every hospital resource (i.e., hospital beds, ICU beds, and ventilators) and pandemic progress (i.e., number of COVID-19 cases and COVID-19 deaths) for each week from 2 Oct 2020 to 2 July 2021. Compared to other state-of-the-art predictive models, our TCN models yield the lowest mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). We developed and validated an accurate COVID-19 forecasting method based on the TCN models that can effectively forecast the hospital resource utilization and pandemic progress for Canada and for each of six provinces.
The Pharmacological Effect of Tangshan Spring Water On HaCaT Cells Treated With TNF- α
Authors: Yue Shi , Xia Zheng , Minjie Shan , Fang Chen , Jia Liu , Cheng Tan , Shun Guo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

Patients with psoriasis were respond to balneotherapy clinically. The mechanism remains uncertain.
Objective

To explore the pharmacological effect of Tangshan Spring Water (TSW) on HaCaT cell pre-treated with TNF-α.
Materials and Methods

A psoriasis-like model was constructed from HaCaT cell line by treatment with TNF-α for 48h in vitro and validated by determination of K17 expression. Then the modelled cells were treated with TSW and sodium hydrosulfide (NAHS), respectively. The MTT assay and flow cytometric assay were conducted to measure cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. The mRNA level of K17 was quantified using qPCR. The expression of proteins associated with MAPK pathway was quantified by Western blot assay.
Results

TNF-α treatment promoted HaCaT cell proliferation and increased K17 expression. Results of the MTT assay showed that TSW and NAHS inhibited the proliferation of HaCaT cells and abolished the effects of TNF-α. Moreover, TSW and NAHS induced cell apoptosis and decreased K17 mRNA levels in the model. Interestingly, the effect of NAHS was superior to that of TSW. Western blot assay results revealed that p-p38, p-ERK, and p-JNK levels were elevated by TNF-α treatment, especially the expression of p-p38. Both TSW and NAHS decreased the phosphorylation level of p38 but not JNK. Treatment with NAHS decreased p-ERK but not TSW treatment.
Conclusion

TSW inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in TNF-α-treated HaCaT cells. Treatment with TSW inhibits K17 expression via suppressing the activity of MAPK signaling pathway. These pharmacological effects may be attributed to the fact that NAHS is enriched in TSW.
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in Childhood Revisited: Not Common, But Not Unknown- Case Study and Literature Review
Authors: Leong Alison , Ramachandran Rajeev , Varughese Sajini Mary , Goh Lee Gan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Lethargy is a common non-specific complaint to primary care and has a broad range of differentials. Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) should be considered when there is persistent fatigue affecting function and post- exertional malaise six months or longer and initial workup is not suggestive of other organic causes; it is a debilitating condition that would benefit from diagnosis and treatment. We present an adolescent with CFS, the disease timeline, its impact and outcome.
Prevalence and Awareness of Ergonomics and Physical Activities in Controlling Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Dental Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Sabbagh Heba , Shagagi Asma , Basheer Hanin , Mahmoud Rawa 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

To assess the prevalence and awareness of ergonomics and physical activities in controlling work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among dental students, interns, and postgraduates at King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted at King Abdulaziz University through a validated self-administered questionnaire. It was distributed among dental students from the fourth academic year to postgraduate level.
Results

A total of 402 students responded to the questionnaire; 337 (83.8%) reported suffering from musculoskeletal pain with 67.7% of participants did not take any measures to alleviate their symptoms and the majority reported limited physical activity. Females reported significantly higher MSD symptoms than males. Based on the location of the MSD pain, lower back pain (56.5%), neck pain (56.2%) and shoulder (50%) were the most frequently reported MSDs. There was a statistically significant difference in pain at various academic levels with undergraduate students reporting more pain than interns and postgraduate students (P= 0.009). The dental students' awareness of ergonomics and MSDs was found to be insufficient.
Conclusion

The prevalence of work-related MSDs is high among dental students at King Abdulaziz University, and awareness of ergonomics and MSDs among dental students is limited.
Optimization of DMD-based independent amplitude and phase modulation: a spatial resolution and quantization
Authors: Georgieva Alexandra , Belashov Andrey , Petrov Nikolay 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the results of a comprehensive statistical study on the optimization of the optical system for independent amplitude and phase wavefront manipulation, which is implemented on a binary digital micromirror device. Based on a statistical analysis of the data, an algorithm for selecting parameters (binary pattern carrier frequency, and aperture for first-order diffraction filtering) that ensures the optimal quality of the modulated wavefront was developed. This algorithm takes into account the type of modulation, i.e. amplitude, phase, or amplitude-phase type, the size of the coded distribution, and its requirements for spatial resolution and quantization. The results of this study will greatly contribute to modulated wavefront quality improvement in various applications with different requirements to spatial resolution and quantization.
A Novel lncRNA ENST00000530525 Affects ANO1 Contributing to Blood-Brain Barrier Injury in Cultured hCMEC/D3 Cells Under OGD/R Conditions.
Authors: Jiang Wen , Li Jie , Cai Yuefang , Liu Wenchen , Chen Mei , Xu Xiaoying , Deng Minzhen , Sun Jingbo , Zhou Lihua , Huang Yan , Wu Shuang , Cheng Xiao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a major neurological disease with high fatality and residual disability burdens. Increasing amount of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been revealed to play an important role in ischemic stroke. However, the roles and significances of most lncRNAs in ischemic stroke are still unknown.This study was performed to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs using a lncRNA microarray in whole blood samples of patients suffered from acute cerebral ischemia. Bioinformatics analyses including GO, KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, and proximity to putative stroke risk location analysis were performed. A novel lncRNA ENST00000530525 significantly decreased after ischemic stroke. Furthermore, we evaluated lncRNA ENST00000530525 expression in cultured hCMEC/D3 cells under oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation(OGD/R) conditions using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis. To investigate the function of lncRNA ENST00000530525, the plasmid of overexpression(OE) and negative control(NC) were transfected into hCMEC/D3, then cell viability was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) Assay after OGD/R,lncRNA ENST00000530525 and ANO1 expression were investigated using RT-qPCR and Immunofluorescence. For blood-brain barrier(BBB) permeability,FITC-dextran transendothelial permeability assay and Tight junction(Tj) protein was detected.There were 3352 differentially expressed lncRNAs in blood samples of acute ischemic stroke patients. The validation results were consistent with gene chip data.GO and KEGG results showed these lncRNAs were mainly related to oxygen and glucose metabolism, leukocyte transendothelial migration,mitophagy and cellular senescence.Among these, lncRNA ENST00000530525 was the highly down-regulated lncRNA and mapped within the ischemic stroke associated gene anoctamin-1 (ANO1). We furtherly found lncRNA ENST00000530525 was down-regulated in hCMEC/D3 cells under 4h OGD and 20h reoxygenation(OGD4/R20) conditions. Up-regulating lncRNA ENST00000530525 decreased the cell viability while increased ANO1 expression and contributed to BBB injury of hCMEC/D3 cells after OGD4/R20.The lncRNA ENST00000530525 might plays deleterious roles in post-stroke pathogenesis. The results show light on some differentially expressed lncRNAs in human certainly participate through characteristic roles in post-stroke pathogenesis, thus, the roles and significances of some novel lncRNAs in ischemic stroke thereby warranting further study.
Machine learning algorithms to identify cluster randomized trials from MEDLINE and EMBASE
Authors: Al-Jaishi Ahmed A , Taljaard Monica , Al-Jaishi Melissa D , Abdullah Sheikh S , Thabane Lehana , Devereaux PJ , Dixon Stephanie N , Garg Amit X 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Cluster randomized trials (CRTs) are becoming an increasingly important design. However, authors do not always adhere to requirements to explicitly identify the design as cluster randomized in titles and abstracts, making retrieval from bibliographic databases difficult. Machine learning algorithms may improve their identification and retrieval. Therefore, we aimed to develop machine learning algorithms that accurately determine whether a bibliographic citation is a CRT report.

Methods: We trained, internally validated, and externally validated two convolutional neural networks and one support vector machines (SVM) algorithms to predict whether a citation is a CRT report or not. We exclusively used the information in an article citation, including the title, abstract, keywords, and subject headings. The algorithms' output was a probability from 0 to 1. We assessed algorithm performance using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curves. Each algorithm's performance was evaluated individually and together as an ensemble. We randomly selected 5000 from 87,633 citations to train and internally validate our algorithms. Of the 5000 selected citations, 589 (12%) were confirmed CRT reports. We then externally validated our algorithms on an independent set of 1916 randomized trial citations, with 665 (35%) confirmed CRT reports.

Results: In internal validation, the ensemble algorithm discriminated best for identifying CRT reports with an AUC of 98.6% (95% confidence interval: 97.8%, 99.4%), sensitivity of 97.7% (94.3%, 100%), and specificity of 85.0% (81.8%, 88.1%). In external validation, the ensemble algorithm had an AUC of 97.8 % (97.0%, 98.5%), sensitivity of 97.6% (96.4%, 98.6%), and specificity of 78.2% (75.9%, 80.4%)). All three individual algorithms performed well, but less so than the ensemble.

Conclusions: We successfully developed high-performance algorithms that identified whether a citation was a CRT report with high sensitivity and moderately high specificity. We provide open-source software to facilitate the use of our algorithms in practice.
Genome-Wide Association Mapping of Resistance to the Sugarcane Aphid in Sorghum bicolor
Authors: Punnuri Somashekhar , Ayele Addissu , Harris-Shultz Karen , Knoll Joseph , Coffin Alisa , Tadesse Haile , Armstrong Scott , Wiggins Trahmad , Li Hanxia , Sattler Scott , Wallace Jason 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Since 2013, the sugarcane aphid (SCA), Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner), has been a serious pest that hampers all types of sorghum production in the U.S. Our understanding of sugarcane aphid resistance in sorghum is limited to knowledge about a few genetic regions on chromosome SBI-06. In this study, a subset of the Sorghum Association Panel (SAP) was used along with some additional lines to identify genetic and genomic regions that confer sugarcane aphid resistance. SAP lines were grown in the field and visually evaluated for SCA resistance during the growing seasons of 2019 and 2020 in Tifton, GA. In 2020, the SAP accessions were also evaluated for SCA resistance in the field using drone-based high throughput phenotyping (HTP) and visual scoring under greenhouse conditions. Plant height and flowering time were also recorded in the field to confirm that our methods were sufficient for identifying known quantitative trait loci (QTL). This study combined phenotypic data from field-based visual ratings, reflectance data, and greenhouse evaluations to identify genome-wide associated (GWAS) marker-trait associations (MTA) using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) data. Several MTAs were identified for sugarcane aphid-related traits across the genome, with a few common markers that were consistently identified on SBI-08 and SBI-10 for aphid count and plant damage as well as for reflectance indices-based traits on SBI-02, SBI-03, and SBI-05. Candidate genes encoding leucine-rich repeats (LRR), Avr proteins, lipoxygenases (LOXs), calmodulins (CAM) dependent protein kinase, WRKY transcription factors, flavonoid biosynthesis genes, and 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductase are identified near SNPs that had significant associations with different SCA traits. In this study, plant height and flowering time-related genes were also identified. The total phenotypic variation explained by significant SNPs across SCA-scored traits, plant height, and flowering time ranged from 0 to 74%, while the heritability value ranged from 4 to 74%. These results supported the existing literature, and also revealed several new loci. Markers identified in this study will support marker-assisted breeding for sugarcane aphid resistance.
S100A Family Proteins and Mesothelin in Tear Proteome Are Associated With Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Stepanov Alexander , Usharova Svetlana , Malsagova Kristina , Moshetova Larisa , Turkina Ksenia , Kopylov Arthur , Kaysheva Anna 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Tear samples were collected from 88 subjects and analyzed using absolute quantitative and comparative proteomic approach. We found a large proportion (505 proteins) of tear proteome between healthy donors and subjects with retinal vein occlusion (RVO). Comparative proteomic analysis revealed 30 proteins (p<0.05) significantly differed in their quantitative property. Among them S100A6 (3.7 fmoles/ng, p<0.001), S100A8 (0.68 fmoles/ng, p<0.001), and S100A9 (2.06 fmoles/ng, p<0.001) are the most overrepresented proteins. Mesothelin was found as tear-specific protein with significant increase (1.08 fmoles/ng versus 0.54 fmoles/ng in the control, p<0.001) in the RVO group. The selected altered proteins were combined to reconstruct the customized map of protein-protein interactions with the burden of quantitating property and the context of RVO-related association. The customized interactions map (FDR<0.01) emerged inflammation and impartment of retinal hemostasis as the main RVO-associated processes. The semantic analysis of customized map encouraged the prevalence of core biological processes encompassing dysregulation of mitochondrial organization and utilization of topologically incorrect folded proteins as a consequence of oxidative stress and inflammation caused by the retinal ischemic condition. Significantly differed proteins (S100A6, S100A8, S100A9, MSL, B2M) were applied for the ROC plotting with AUC varied from 0.772 to 0.952 suggesting their association with the CRVO.
Evaluation of Daidzein Against Rotenone Induced Parkinson’s Disease and a Potential Involvement of Mitochondrial Biogenesis.
Authors: Peshattiwar Vaibhavi , Muke Suraj , Kaikini Aakruti , Bagle Sneha , Dighe Vikas , Sathaye Sadhana 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) ranks as second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder but is devoid of neuroprotective treatment. Approaches with disease modifying ability with symptomatic relief has become an utmost necessity. Further multifactorial nature of PD presents challenges for efficacy evaluation of any potential test compound. The stated study makes an attempt to address these issues by employing a rotenone induced PD model involving a bilateral intranigral stereotactic rotenone injection for evaluation of the neuroprotective efficacy of Daidzein (DZ). DZ a soy isoflavone, is known for its various health benefits viz. immunomodulation, cardiovascular effects etc. In this study, animals after intranigral rotenone (12 μg) injection, were treated with DZ at a dose of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg for 30 days. The neurobehavioural evaluation comprised of Rota-rod, Open field and Barnes maze test. The biochemical analysis constituting oxidative stress (Reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase and lipid peroxidation), inflammation (TNF-α), mitochondrial alteration (complex I activity and biogenesis) was conducted on mid-brain tissue after 30 days of treatment. The SN and striatum was also subjected to immunohistochemical analysis (IHC) for TH positive neurons and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein. The analysis revealed significant improvement by daidzein in motor co-ordination and attenuation in cognitive deficits due to rotenone. The biochemical assessment exhibited significant decrement in oxidative stress as well as inflammation. DZ treatment also prevented complex I inhibition and promoted mitochondrial biogenesis eventually contributing to the neuroprotection apparent in IHC. Thus, the results strongly corroborate the neuroprotective potential of DZ against rotenone induced model of PD.