bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel single source multilevel inverter with hybrid switching technique
Authors: Nageswar Rao Bhukya , Suresh Yellasiri , Shiva Naik Banavath , Venkataramanaiah Jammala , Aditya Kancharapu , Kumar Panda Anup 
Published: December 2021

SummaryA novel multilevel inverter (MLI) configuration with the hybrid switching technique is presented in this paper. The proposed MLI consists of the H‐bridge combination with unidirectional switches, half‐bridges, and transformers. The suggested MLI with the additional cascaded connection increases to higher voltage levels. The number of employed components in this topology is drastically minimized. Therefore, the complexity, cost, and volume of the proposed topology are also reduced. The operation of the suggested topology is tested through the improved novel switching technique. This modulation method reduces the total harmonic distortion (THD) and produces high root mean square (RMS) voltage. Further, a comprehensive comparison with the recent MLI topologies is performed to validate the merits of the suggested inverter. Simulation and experimental results verify the suggested topology performance using the new modulation technique at different loading conditions and modulation indices.
Introduction to atopic dermatitis
Authors: Matin Taraneh , Logas Christopher M. , Glick Brad P. , Del Rosso James Q. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCurrently, in the United States, atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disorder with an even greater surge of cases reported with the current COVID‐19 pandemic. Due to its significant impact on quality of life, a proper understanding of AD, as well as proper disease management, is essential for both patients and providers. The following section looks at the prevalence, pathophysiology, and psychosocial impact of atopic dermatitis.
Robust and efficient cooperative spectrum sensing against probabilistic hard Byzantine attack
Authors: Chen Zehao , Wu Jun , Gan Jipeng , Chen Ze , Zhang Jia , He Jiangtao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCognitive radio (CR) is regarded as a powerful technology to solve the problem of spectrum shortage and underutilization. As a key function of CR technology, cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) allows secondary users (SUs) to detect the primary user (PU)'s signal so that they identify and opportunistically access the available spectrum. However, the openness of CSS paradigm makes cognitive radio networks (CRNs) suffer from Byzantine attack, thereby undermining the premise of CR framework. To this aim, we formulate a probabilistic hard Byzantine attack model, in which malicious users (MUs) can conduct various attack strategies, and make an in‐depth investigation on the blind scenario. On the one hand, in order to ensure the robustness of CSS, a method to evaluate the reliability of the secondary user (SU)'s sensing result based on the channel status detection is proposed and an innovative weight coefficient is considered to selectively utilize the sensing information from MUs. On the other hand, we design a sequential fusion method based on reputation value (RV) and differential mechanism, with the aim of improving the efficiency of CSS. According to above methods and mechanism, the weighted differential sequential symbol (WDS2) algorithm is designed, which integrates the weight evaluation into sequential method to make the global decision for CSS. Finally, compared to the existing various data fusion algorithms, simulation results show that the proposed WDS2 not only defends against various Byzantine attacks to secure the robustness of CSS, but also requires less samples in support of an accurate global decision to improve the efficiency of CSS.
Recurrence of preterm births: A population‐based linkage with 3.5 million live births from the CIDACS Birth Cohort
Authors: Rocha Aline S. , de Cássia Ribeiro‐Silva Rita , Paixao Enny S. , Falcão Ila R. , Alves Flavia Jôse. O. , Ortelan Naiá , de Almeida Marcia F. , Fiaccone Rosemeire L. , Rodrigues Laura C. , Ichihara Maria Yury , Barreto Mauricio L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the recurrence of preterm birth (PTB) among the poorest half of the Brazilian population.MethodsA population‐based retrospective study was conducted in Brazil with the live births of multiparous women extracted from the CIDACS Birth Cohort between 2001 and 2015. We used multivariate logistic regression to estimate the odds of recurrent PTB in second and third births.ResultsA total of 3 528 050 live births from 1 764 025 multiparous women were analyzed. The adjusted odds for the occurrence of a PTB given a previous PTB was 2.58 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.53–2.62). Lower gestational age increased the odds of a subsequent PTB (<28 weeks: adjusted OR [aOR] 3.61, 95% CI 3.41–3.83; 28–31 weeks: aOR 3.34, 95% CI 3.19–3.49; and 32–36 weeks: aOR 2.42, 95% CI 2.38–2.47). Women who had two previous PTBs were at high risk of having a third (aOR 4.98, 95% CI 4.70–5.27). Recurrence of PTB was more likely when the inter‐birth interval was less than 12 months.ConclusionIn Brazil, a middle‐income country, women with a previous PTB had an increased risk of a subsequent one. This association was affected by gestational age, the number of PTBs, severity of previous PTBs, and a short interval between births.
Breviscapine promotes functional recovery in rats with traumatic brain injury associated with netrin‐1 upregulation
Authors: Zhang Lang‐Chun , Dan Qi‐Qin , Zou Yu , Xia Qing‐Jie , Yuan Hao 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveTraumatic brain injury (TBI) usually induces cognitive impairments, including motor and neuropsychiatric deficits. Breviscapine shows broad pharmacological effects and facilitates functional recovery from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular insults, such as brain ischemia and myocardial ischemia. However, the role of Breviscapine in TBI remains vague. In this study, we investigated whether Breviscapine can improve functional deficits in rats with TBI, and explained the associated molecular mechnism.MethodThirty adult female Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham group, TBI group, Breviscapine treatment group (Breviscapine + TBI). TBI was initiated using an electromagnetic‐controlled cortical impact device. Breviscapine (0.375 mg/kg) were administrated into lateral ventricles one time after TBI induction. Behavioral evaluation was conducted after TBI by mNSS tests. Western blotting analysis, immunofluorescent staining and Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction were performed to evaluate the protein and mRNA level of Netrin‐1 in the brain tissues, respectively.ResultsCompared with the sham rats, TBI group had a deteriorated behavioral function at 2 days, 6 days, 10 days and 14 days post TBI. However, Breviscapine administration showed a neurobehavioral improvement compared with TBI group at day 10 and day 14 after TBI, in addition, the levels was decreased in TBI rats compared with the sham group while Breviscapine treatment upregulated the expression of Netrin‐1.ConclusionBreviscapine can improve neurological function in rats with TBI and the mechanism is probably associated with Netrin‐1 upregulation. The current study therefor provides a potential therapeutical drug for therapy of TBI and underlying mechanism is involved in Netrin‐1.
Effect of ultrasound‐guided stellate ganglion block combined with acupuncture in the treatment of nervous tinnitus and earache: a case report
Authors: Wen Song , You Min‐Fu , Xiong Liu‐Lin , Hu Qiao , Liu En 
Published: December 2021

Nervous tinnitus is one of the most common hearing impairments, which seriously affects the physical and mental health of patients. We describe a case of a 31‐year‐old female with nervous tinnitus in this report. She suffered from bilateral tinnitus for more than 8 months with the symptoms of earache, anxiety, and sleep disorders at admission. Under the combined treatment of ultrasound‐guided stellate ganglion block and acupuncture at acupoints of the Ermen, Tinggong, Tinghui, and Yifeng, the patient recovered well and the symptoms such as tinnitus and earache disappeared gradually. This case may provide a reference for the subsequent clinical treatment of tinnitus.
The expanded effects of sevoflurane on the nervous system: the harmful effect of residual concentration of sevoflurane on the respiratory system through neurogenic inflammation
Authors: Wang Feng‐Lin , Zhang Guang‐Ting , Zhou Yan‐Nan , Yang Xin‐Xin , Zhou Lin , Yuan Jie , Fei Xia , Zhu Zhao‐Qiong , Liu De‐Xing 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundNeurogenic inflammation caused by sevoflurane may not only limite to the nervous system, but also expand to the respiratory system. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression changes of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), neurokinin A (NKA), neurokinin B (NKB), calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP) in 14, 21 and 42‐day‐old rats after inhaling 0.4% sevoflurane, in order to evaluate whether the residual sevoflurane be harmful to the respiratory system through neurogenic inflammation.MethodsThe anesthetic inhalation device was designed to allow 14, 21 and 42‐day‐old rats inhale 0.4% sevoflurane, while rats in the control group inhaled 40% O2 for 1h. Rats in the antagonist group inhaled 0.4% sevoflurane or 40% O2 for 1 h after Capsazepine (CPZ) pretreatment. The expression of TRPV1 in lung tissue was detected by western blot, and the expression of NKA, NKB, CGRP and SP in trachea was detected by immunohistochemistry.ResultsAfter inhaling 0.4% sevoflurane, the expression of TRPV1 in lung tissue of 14 and 21‐day‐old rats was significantly higher than that of the control group, as well as increased the expression of CGRP and SP in the trachea of 14‐day‐old rats and NKA, NKB, CGRP and SP in the trachea of 21‐day‐old rats. CPZ pretreatment could antagonize these effects.ConclusionResidual sevoflurane during resuscitation of inhalation anesthesia could induce neurogenic inflammation by activating TRPV1, which damaged to the developing respiratory system, but has no significant effect on the respiratory system in adulthood.
ApoE transiently regulates hippocampus amyloid‐beta deposition to stable learning and memory ability in adult rats exposed in sevoflurane
Authors: Xu Shan , Jiang Jun‐Li , Zhang Chao , Zhu Zhao‐Qiong 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivePost‐operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common central nervous system complication after surgery. Inhaled anesthetic sevoflurane is thought to have harmful effects on the developing and aged nerves, but its effects on adults’ nervous system are less studied and the mechanism is not clear.MethodsMale adult rats were divided into control group and sevoflurane group. Rats from sevoflurane group were received 3.2% sevoflurane + carrier gas (1 L/min O2+1 L/min air) for 2 h, while control group received carrier gas for 2 h. Each group was subsequently divided into 3 subgroups according to the Day 1, Day 3, Day 7 after sevoflurane anesthesia. Morris Water Maze, amyloid‐beita (Abeta) and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) mRNA in hippocampus were analyzed. Then, adult ApoE‐/‐ rats were also divided into control group and sevoflurane group. Each group was divided into 3 subgroups according to Day 1, Day 3 and Day 7. Abeta mRNA and protein expression in hippocampus were analyzed.ResultsCompared with the control group, hippocampal Abeta mRNA and protein expression in rats from sevoflurane group significantly increased in hippocampus on Day 7, while ApoE mRNA and protein expression increased on Day 1 and Day 3. There was no difference in times of crossing platforms, time during platform, times across platform quadrant and time percent during platform quadrant between each group. Compared with the control group, hippocampal Abeta and ApoE‐/‐ rats in sevoflurane group did not change.ConclusionApoE modulates hippocampal Abeta deposition and stabilizes learning and memory ability in adult rats after sevoflurane exposure, but this effect is not constant.
Small‐diameter artery decellularization: Effects of anionic detergent concentration and treatment duration on porcine internal thoracic arteries
Authors: Kostelnik Colton , Hohn Julia , Escoto‐Diaz Carlos E. , Kooistra Jesse B. , Stern Matthew , Swinton Derrick E. , Richardson William , Carver Wayne , Eberth John 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEngineered replacement materials have tremendous potential for vascular applications where over 400,000 damaged and diseased blood vessels are replaced annually in the United States alone. Unlike large diameter blood vessels, which are effectively replaced by synthetic materials, prosthetic small‐diameter vessels are prone to early failure, restenosis, and reintervention surgery. We investigated the differential response of varying 0%–6% sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium deoxycholate anionic detergent concentrations after 24 and 72 h in the presence of DNase using biochemical, histological, and biaxial mechanical analyses to optimize the decellularization process for xenogeneic vascular tissue sources, specifically the porcine internal thoracic artery (ITA). Detergent concentrations greater than 1% were successful at removing cytoplasmic and cell surface proteins but not DNA content after 24 h. A progressive increase in porosity and decrease in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content was observed with detergent concentration. Augmented porosity was likely due to the removal of both cells and GAGs and could influence recellularization strategies. The treatment duration on the other hand, significantly improved decellularization by reducing DNA content to trace amounts after 72 h. Prolonged treatment times reduced laminin content and influenced the vessel's mechanical behavior in terms of altered circumferential stress and stretch while further increasing porosity. Collectively, DNase with 1% detergent for 72 h provided an effective and efficient decellularization strategy to be employed in the preparation of porcine ITAs as bypass graft scaffolding materials with minor biomechanical and histological penalties.
A novel methacrylate derivative polymer that resists bacterial cell‐mediated biodegradation
Authors: Kumar Dhiraj , Ghose Debarati , Bolskar Robert D. , Mutreja Isha , Jones Robert S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study tests biodegradation resistance of a custom synthesized novel ethylene glycol ethyl methacrylate (EGEMA) with ester bond linkages that are external to the central polymer backbone when polymerized. Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) with internal ester bond linkages and EGEMA discs were prepared in a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) mold using 40 μl macromer and photo/co‐initiator mixture cured for 40 s at 1000 mW/cm2. The discs were stored in the constant presence of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in Todd Hewitt Yeast + Glucose (THYE+G) media up to 9 weeks (n = 8 for each macromer type) and physical/mechanical properties were assessed. Initial measurements EGEMA versus EGDMA polymer discs showed equivalent degree of conversion (45.69% ± 2.38 vs. 46.79% ± 4.64), diametral tensile stress (DTS; 8.12± 2.92 MPa vs. 6.02 ± 1.48 MPa), and low subsurface optical defects (0.41% ± 0.254% vs. 0.11% ± 0.074%). The initial surface wettability (contact angle) was slightly higher (p ≤ .012) for EGEMA (62.02° ± 3.56) than EGDMA (53.86° ± 5.61°). EGDMA showed higher initial Vicker's hardness than EGEMA (8.03 ± 0.88 HV vs. 5.93 ± 0.69 HV; p ≤ .001). After 9 weeks of S. mutans exposure, EGEMA (ΔDTS—1.30 MPa) showed higher resistance to biodegradation effects with a superior DTS than EGDMA (ΔDTS—6.39 MPa) (p = .0039). Visible and scanning electron microscopy images of EGEMA show less surface cracking and defects than EGDMA. EGDMA had higher loss of material (18.9% vs. 8.5%, p = .0009), relative changes to fracture toughness (92.5% vs. 49.2%, p = .0022) and increased water sorption (6.1% vs. 1.9%, p = .0022) compared to EGEMA discs. The flipped external ester group linkage design is attributed to EGEMA showing higher resistance to bacterial degradation effects than an internal ester group linkage design methacrylate.
Extracellular lipidome change by an SGLT2 inhibitor, luseogliflozin, contributes to prevent skeletal muscle atrophy in db/db mice
Authors: Bamba Ryo , Okamura Takuro , Hashimoto Yoshitaka , Majima Saori , Senmaru Takafumi , Ushigome Emi , Nakanishi Naoko , Asano Mai , Yamazaki Masahiro , Takakuwa Hiroshi , Hamaguchi Masahide , Fukui Michiaki 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes mellitus increases the excretion of urinary glucose from the renal glomeruli due to elevated blood glucose levels. In the renal tubules, SGLT2 is expressed and reabsorbs the excreted urinary glucose. In the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus, glucose reabsorption by SGLT2 is increased, and SGLT2 inhibitors improve hyperglycaemia by inhibiting this reabsorption. When urinary glucose excretion is enhanced, glucose supply to skeletal muscle may be insufficient and muscle protein catabolism may be accelerated. On the other hand, SGLT2 inhibitors not only ameliorate hyperglycaemia but also improve fatty acid metabolism in muscle, which may prevent muscle atrophy.MethodsEight‐week‐old male db/m mice or db/db mice were fed a standard diet with or without the SGLT2i luseogliflozin (0.01% w/w in chow) for 8 weeks. Mice were sacrificed at 16 weeks of age, and skeletal muscle and serum lipidomes, as well as skeletal muscle transcriptome, were analysed.ResultsAdministration of SGLT2i led to not only decreased visceral fat accumulation (P = 0.004) but also increased soleus muscle weight (P = 0.010) and grip strength (P = 0.0001). The levels of saturated fatty acids, especially palmitic acid, decreased in both muscles (P = 0.017) and sera (P = 0.041) upon administration of SGLT2i, while the content of monosaturated fatty acids, especially oleic acid, increased in both muscle (P < 0.0001) and sera (P = 0.009). Finally, the accumulation of transcripts associated with fatty acid metabolism, such as Scd1, Fasn, and Elovl6, and of muscle atrophy‐associated transcripts, such as Foxo1, Mstn, Trim63, and Fbxo32, decreased following SGLT2i administration.ConclusionsIntramuscular fatty acid metabolism and gene expression were influenced by the extracellular lipidome, which was modified by SGLT2i. Hence, secondary effects, other than the hypoglycaemic effects of SGLT2i, might lead to the alleviation of sarcopenia.
Alterations of the endocannabinoid system and circulating and peripheral tissue levels of endocannabinoids in sarcopenic rats
Authors: Le Bacquer Olivier , Salles Jérôme , Piscitelli Fabiana , Sanchez Phelipe , Martin Vincent , Montaurier Christophe , Di Marzo Vincenzo , Walrand Stéphane 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundActivation of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) is associated with the development of obesity and insulin resistance, and with perturbed skeletal muscle development. Age‐related sarcopenia is a progressive and generalized skeletal muscle disorder involving an accelerated loss of muscle mass and function, with changes in skeletal muscle protein homeostasis due to lipid accumulation and anabolic resistance. Hence, both obesity and sarcopenia share a common set of pathophysiological alterations leading to skeletal muscle impairment. The aim of this study was to characterize how sarcopenia impacts the ECS and if these modifications were related to the loss of muscle mass and function associated with aging in rats.MethodsSix‐month‐old and 24‐month‐old male rats were used to measure the contractile properties of the plantarflexors (isometric torque–frequency relationship & concentric power–velocity relationship) and to evaluate locomotor activity, motor coordination, and voluntary gait by open field, rotarod, and catwalk tests, respectively. Levels of endocannabinoids (AEA & 2‐AG) and endocannabinoid‐like molecules (OEA & PEA) were measured by LCF‐MS/MS in plasma, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue, while the expression of genes coding for the ECS were investigated by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT‐qPCR).ResultsSarcopenia in old rats was exemplified by a 49% decrease in hindlimb muscle mass (P < 0.01), which was associated with severe impairment of isometric torque, power, voluntary locomotor activity, motor coordination, and gait quality. Sarcopenia was associated with (1) increased 2‐AG (+32%, P = 0.07) and reduced PEA and OEA levels in the plasma (−25% and −40%, respectively, P < 0.01); (2) an increased content of AEA, PEA, and OEA in subcutaneous adipose tissue (P < 0.01); and (3) a four‐fold increase of 2‐AG content in the soleus (P < 0.01) and a reduced OEA content in EDL (−80%, P < 0.01). These alterations were associated with profound modifications in the expression of the ECS genes in the adipose tissue and skeletal muscle.ConclusionsTaken together, these findings demonstrate that circulating and peripheral tissue endocannabinoid tone are altered in sarcopenia. They also demonstrate that OEA plasma levels are associated with skeletal muscle function and loss of locomotor activity in rats, suggesting OEA could be used as a circulating biomarker for sarcopenia.
Hydrogen and organic acid production from dark fermentation of sugarcane vinasse without buffers in mesophilic and thermophilic conditions
Authors: Cardoso Ribeiro Jaqueline , Mota Vera Tainá , Maia de Oliveira Valéria , Dacanal Gustavo Cesar , Zaiat Marcelo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDSugarcane vinasse has a low pH and several studies report that alkalinity supplementation is essential to the stability of its dark fermentation (DF). In the context of biorefineries, the reduction, or even elimination, of alkalinizing agents could be extremely environmentally and economically advantageous. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the valorisation of vinasse DF through bioH2 and value‐added metabolite production without buffers in two similar Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) under mesophilic (U30) and thermophilic (U55) conditions.RESULTSAverage organic acid yields of 376 ± 52 and 248 ± 122 mg‐CODOA.g−1CODtin, and productivities of 17 396 ± 5220 and 14 024 ± 1642 mg‐CODOA.L−1 day−1 were obtained for U30 and U55 reactors, respectively, with only vinasse as substrate (CODOA stands for organic acids chemical oxygen demand (COD) and CODin influent COD). BioH2 production was feasible with sucrose as substrate and pH below 3.0, but it ceased with substrate replacement by vinasse along with a natural pH increase. A change in microbial community was also observed: Ethanoligenens, Clostridium sensu stricto 12, and Liquorilactobacillus (using sucrose and with a pH <3.0) were replaced by Prevotella, Megasphaera, Pectinatus, Clostridium sensu stricto 11, and Lactobacillus using vinasse (with a pH > 4.0).CONCLUSIONResults showed that DF of sugarcane vinasse without any buffering addition might be a promising approach for the valorization of real wastewater through the production of organic acids. Nevertheless, bioH2 production was not favored and further strategies would be needed to maintain hydrogen‐producing bacteria when sucrose is replaced by real effluent with a natural pH increase. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).