bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A randomised comparative study of transversus abdominis plane block with or without intravenous diclofenac sodium as a component of multimodal regimen for post-operative analgesia following caesarean section
Authors: Kanta Bhati , Sonali Dhawan , Gazala Parveen , Yunus Khilji , Kiran Kuraning 
Published: April 2021

Aims:
Post-operative analgesia is a major component of perioperative care. An ideal method of pain relief after caesarean section should be cost-effective and safe for mother and baby. This study aims to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block combined with intraoperative diclofenac aqueous for post-operative analgesia in caesarean section.

Methods:
A prospective randomised double-blind study was conducted on 60 patients over a period of six months. Patients were enrolled in two groups (n = 30). Group A and Group B both received bilateral landmark based TAP block using ropivacaine 0.75% (1.5 mg/kg), 20 ml at end of surgery. Group B received diclofenac sodium aqueous 75 mg intravenous intraoperatively.

Results:
The difference of visual analogue score (VAS) at movement was significant at 4 and 6 h in Group A versus Group B (3.00 ± 0.64 versus 2.37 ± 0.89, 4.43 ± 0.68 versus 3.53 ± 1.2). At rest, VAS score was lower in Group B than in Group A at all time intervals (P < 0.05). Time to demand of first dose of rescue analgesic was prolonged in Group B (11.5 ± 4.1 h) than in Group A (7.55 ± 1.41 h). Mean dose of analgesic consumption in first 24 h was lesser in Group B (61.67 ± 34.57 mg) than in Group A (98.33 ± 37.68 mg). Patient satisfaction score was higher in Group B (8 ± 1.04) than in Group A (6.23 ± 1.04).

Conclusion:
TAP block along with intraoperative diclofenac aqueous as component of multimodal regimen provides superior post-operative analgesia and better patient satisfaction as compared to TAP block alone.
Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic studies on the residual aqueous fraction of Uapaca togoensis (Pax) stem bark in rodents
Authors: Olorukooba Amina B. , Khan Ferhat , Sani Yahya M. , Hamza Asmau N. , Musa Aisha O. 
Published: April 2021

Uapaca togoensis Pax. (Euphorbiaceae) is used in traditional medicine to treat several diseases including pain, inflammation and fever. This study investigated analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic effects of the residual aqueous fraction of the plant. Preliminary phytochemical screening and acute toxicity studies were conducted. Analgesic activity was evaluated using acetic acid-induced writhing, hot plate and formalin-induced pain tests at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg, p.o. Anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities were investigated using carrageenaninduced paw edema and Brewer’s yeast-induced pyrexia model respectively in rats. Oral median lethal dose of the fraction was found to be greater than 5000 mg/kg. The fraction significantly (p<0.05) reduced the number of acetic acid-induced writhes and increased the reaction time of mice to thermal stimuli. In the formalin test, a significant (p<0.05) reduction in mean pain score was observed at the second phase. A significant (p<0.05) decrease in paw edema at the 4th and 5th hours and a reduction in temperature was also observed at the 22nd hour. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, steroids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, alkaloids and triterpenes. The result of the study revealed that the fraction possesses analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities, validating the folkloric use of the plant.
Keywords: Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, Anti-pyretic, Uapaca togoensis, Residual Aqueous Fraction
Inhibition of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from SARSCoV-2 by compounds in Vangag herbal preparation: an in silico evaluation
Authors: Falang Kakjing D. , Poyi Catherine O. , Kolawole Jacob A. 
Published: April 2021

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has presented unprecedented challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. There are no proven effective therapeutic agents or vaccines. Some antiviral agents and micronutrients have been repurposed for the management. There are claims of herbal preparations with therapeutic effects. Vangag herbal formulation for the management of COVID-19 is a combination of six plants. Molecular docking and virtual screening were used for the study. Ligands and protein target for molecular docking were prepared in Autodock Tools using PyRx 0.8 package. 3D structures of 24 phytochemicals in Vangag were downloaded from PubChem and optimized in Discovery Studio 4.5 visualizer. Nine agents currently used for management of COVID-19 were also downloaded and included in the ligand library to serve as control. Results of the binding affinities of phytochemicals in constituentplants of Vangag to SARS-CoV-2 molecular target (7BV2.pdb) were ranked from 1 to 21. Kolaviron (binding affinity -8.1 Kcal/mol) ranked 1, Ritonavir 5, Remdesivir 6, Quinine 7, Hydroxychloroquine 9, Chloroquine 18 and the least Allicin 21 (binding affinity -3.7 Kcal/mol). Phytochemicals in Vangag have good binding affinity to COVID-19 viral target proteins. Vangag also contains high concentration of zinc and other micronutrients, making it a promising formula for management of COVID-19.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Molecular docking; Herbal formulation
Formulation and evaluation of detarium oil based organogel for sustained release of metronidazole via topical delivery
Authors: Ilomuanya Margaret O. , Ubani-Ukoma Uloma N. , Sowemimo Abimbola A. , Akande Gbemisola W. , Kunal Pal 
Published: April 2021

The rationale for this study was to increase the absorption of model drug metronidazole by formulating an organogel using detarium oil in place of conventional oils used in drug formulation such as liquid paraffin. The organogels were prepared by fluid-filled mechanism using metronidazole as the model drug. The drug-surfactant mixtures were dissolved in oil followed by the addition of water which led to the formation of organogels at specific compositions. The formulations were analyzed by microscopy, rheology, in vitro drug release and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Microscopic studies revealed the gels contained clusters of water-filled spherical structures. FTIR study showed compatibility of components of the organogels. DSC result showed all the organogels released heat during formation. The viscosity of the organogels showed an elastic flow followed by a non-elastic phase. The cumulative percentagerelease of metronidazole was found to be between 63% and 85% at the end of 10 h, with OGM 9 having the highest release. XRD result indicated the crystalline nature of the organogels. Metronidazole release from the organogels indicated dissolution, shape, size, and surface area dependent release. The results also showed good compatibility of all the excipients. Sustained release metronidazole organogel was successfully developed using detarium oil.
Keywords: Organogel; Detarium oil; Metronidazole; Topical delivery
Cardiovascular risk assessment in Community Pharmacies in Warri, Nigeria
Authors: Adje David U. , Oparah Azuka C. , Megbolu Timothy 
Published: April 2021

Many apparently healthy persons have multiple risk factors for cardiovascular disease without being aware. Assessing cardiovascular risks and initiating appropriate interventions and referrals at the community pharmacy level could be lifesaving. The objective of this study was to explore cardiovascular risk assessment on community pharmacy clientele and to determine the proportion of patients with high cardiovascular risk factors. Subjects (140) were recruited from 5 community pharmacies in Warri Metropolis. Cardiovascular risks assessment was done among subjects that met the inclusion criteria. Blood pressure, total cholesterol levels, Diabetes status, age and gender were documented in a data collection form. Risk stratification was done using World Health Organization/ International Society of Hypertension WHO/ISH risk assessment chart. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Subjects (116) who met the inclusion criteria were screened. About half (50.9%) were moderate users of alcohol. Majority (81.9%) of patients were physically active. Few subjects (2.6%) were tobacco users. Total cholesterol values and fasting blood sugar levels were abnormal for 12.9% and 4.3% of subjects respectively. The proportion of subjects with high cardiovascular risk was 6%. Cardiovascular risk assessment is feasible in community pharmacy setting. Only 6% of subjects were at high cardiovascular risk.
Keywords: Cardiovascular risk assessment, Community pharmacy, WHO/ISH charts
Prolapsed ileocolic intussusception in an adult : A bizarre presentation leading to delayed diagnosis in a low resource setting
Authors: Umar M. , Stephen Y. , Aminu U. , Adogu I. 
Published: April 2021

Background: Intussusception is the telescoping of one part of the intestine into the lumen of the adjoining part, which occurs more in the ileocaecal part of the intestine. It is the most common cause of intestinal obstruction in children younger than 3years of age. Occurrence is rare in adult, with prolapsed intussusceptions even rarer and occuring more in association with an underlying predisposing intestinal abnormality.Case Report: A 19year old boy presented with 6months history of recurrent non-specific, occasionally dull aching abdominal pain, progressive weight loss and a 4hour history of anal protrusion. He had presented multiple times to a peripheral hospital where the definitive diagnosis was missed. He was evaluated for ileocolic intussusception and he had exploratory laparotomy and right hemi colectomy done.Conclusion: Intussusceptions are rare outside childhood, however there should be a high index of suspicion of intussusception in adult with nonspecific abdominal symptoms who has not responded to conventional conservative therapy.
Keywords: intussusception, ileocolic, tubular adenoma, adult intussusception
Nigeria’s development process, methodology and milestones planned for VISION 20:2020 - 13 years after
Authors: Abanikannda M.O. , Adekomi D.A. 
Published: April 2021

Since after independence in Nigeria in 1960, the country has been fighting for good governance and a capable state in terms of economic and socioeconomic. The Nigeria development programs have been implemented to achieve the objectives. In 2009, the government of Nigeria embarked upon vision 2020, the ambition to position Nigeria to become one of the top 20 economic in the world national development by 2020 by linking the objective of the National Economic and Empowerment Development Strategy(NEEDS) and the seven-point agenda. However, there are certain questions that need to be asked such as; how much the vision 2020 myth is becoming reality; how has Nigeria performed in terms of good governance and a capable state as far as vision 2020 is concerned.
Keywords: government of Nigeria, good governance, vision 2020, national development, ambition and capable state
DESKRIPSI TENTANG KHOTBAH YANG BERKUASA SECARA ALKITABIAH
Authors: Sibarani Mortan 
Published: April 2021

Khotbah di dalam ibadah Kristen adalah menjadi suatu yang terpenting dan terutama dari semua rangkaian ibadah. Baik di gereja maupun di persekutuan umat Kristen. Khotbah merupakan pusat dalam ibadah Kristen. Berkhotbah adalah sebuah tugas rohani yang penting dan mulia. Khotbah adalah suatu proses yang membangun pengkhotbah dan jemaat, tidak ada penjelasan yang seolah bisa menangkap kedinamisan ini. Untuk itu\seorang pengkhotbah adalah seorang yang dipanggil Tuhan dan dipercayai umat Tuhan untuk menjelaskan firman-Nya.
A Case study of Dushta Vrana treated with DurvaTail Vranabasti
Authors: Jaysing Choudhari Shrikant , N Gadve B , R Lonikar S 
Published: April 2021

â€œThe destruction / break / rupture / discontinuity of body tissue / part of body, is called Vrana.â€A clean wound in a normal body heals earlier with a minimum scar as compared to contaminated wound. Wound healing is mechanism where the body attempts to restore the integrity of the injured part. Several factors affects the normal process of wound healing such as the site of wound, contamination (foreign bodies/bacterial), local factors like vascular insufficiency or previous radiation, systemic factors such as malnutrition, Disease like diabetes mellitus, Immune deficiencies and medicationsÂ like steroids.Â Acharya Sushruta mentioned 60 Upakramas for the management of Vrana and local application of DurvaTail Vrana Basti is one among them. The local application of VranaBasti is one of the best substitutes for of chronic wound healing & the DurvaTail have better shodhana & ropana effect. A case report of 34 year â€“ old man, who presented with complaints of an open traumatic ulcer on the dorsum of the right foot associated with pain, discharge, slough, foul smell, oedema and discolouration of the skin has been presented here.
Verification of Internal Oleation Doses mentioned by Vangasena to achieve proper Oleation before Vamana and Virechana
Authors: Wetal Vishakha Rajesh 
Published: April 2021

Background -Maximum(Pradhan), minimum(heena) and medium(madhyam) doses forÂ internal oleation pursued as preparation, before Vamana (induced vomiting for therapeutic purpose) and Virechana (induced purgation for therapeutic purpose) is mentioned in all three Ayurveda classic texts (Brihat-trayi), on the basis of time required for its digestion and doshavastha.. This method is very subjective contrary to the objective evaluation affirmed in Vangasen-Snehpanadhikar(VS), where evaluator does not make any judgment. The actual dose quantification, in increasing order for shodhan purpose is mentioned in VS. Objective-To verify suitability of internal oleation doses cited in Vangasen to achieve Samyak Snigdha Lakshanani(SSL) and to monitor its complications if any.Â Â Â Â Method - This method was applied for 18 patients intended for either Vamana or Virechana to verify its authenticity to achieve SSL. Sixteen patients were given medium dose and two were given maximum dose. Oleation was discontinued as soon as SSL were achieved.Result-Out of 18 patients one achieved SSL in three days, five in four days, six in five days and five patients in six days. One patient took seven days to achieve SSL. Out of 18 patients, on last day one digest sneha in 2 hrs, 3 digest it in 4 to 5 hrs, 9 in 6 to 7 hrs, and 5 patients took 10 to 15 hrs to digest sneha on the day of completion of Snehana. Complications were not observed in any patient.Conclusion-Medium or maximum doses specified in VS, can be used for internal oleation before Vamana and Virechana to achieve SSL without any complication. Thus the method is practical one.Â
Study of Karpoor Ghrita and Povidine Iodine in Sadyo Vrana
Authors: Nikam Sandeep T 
Published: April 2021

Aims: Study ofÂ local use of Karpoor ghrita andÂ Povidone- IodineÂ in Sadyovrana. Objectives: 1.To study comparative effect of karpoor ghrita and Povidone- Iodine in sadyovrana. 2. To study assess the effect of â€˜karpoor ghritaâ€™ in minimizing infections after injury. 3. To study compare the days for wound healing for both drugs. As the reference has been quoted from Sadyo Vrana Chikitsadhyaya, the formulation of this medicine is to be used only in Sadyo Vranas i.e. Shuddha Vrana. Methods: In this study 60 Diagnosed Patients OfÂ sadyovranaÂ were Taken From O.P.D And I.P.D Of Shalyatantra Department OfÂ hospital. Clinical was Conducted.Computer Generated Random Number Table Were Used For Clinical Trial.Â Trial group 30 Patients OfÂ karpoor ghrita dressing and control group 30 patients of povidone- iodine dressing Â were Enrolled Under Following Groups Irrespective Of Sex And Religion. Observations and results: In this clinical study it is seen that, Clinical parameters like Vedana,, Varna, Akruti, Gandha, were significantly reduced after treatment in Trial group than in Control Group and srava showed equal results. Number of Days required for ropan were less in Trial group than that in Control Group. After testing the effectiveness of Karpoorghrita treatment against the Standard betadine Treatment, results showed that The Karpoorghrita treatment has better results than the Standard betadine in Sadyovrana Patients.Â
A Preliminary Phyto-Pharmacognostical evaluation of Calotropis gigantea(L.) R. Br. ( Alarka or Mandara ) Root.
Authors: Sharma Neelima , Shankar Rama , Gupta Nitika , Prakash Pankaj 
Published: April 2021

â€˜Alarkaâ€™ Calotropis gigantea (L.) R. Br. is a medicinal shrub, belongs to the family Asclepiadaceae.Â The plant is used in Ayurvedic system of medicine for healing various diseases. However the present study was aimed to evaluate the parameters to determine the identity, purity and strength of the plant. This study comprise of morphological, microscopical and preliminary phytochemical investigations of the shrub.Â
DON’T KILL INNOVATION: INNOVATION IS AN IDEA
Authors: Joutey Hassani Doha Tahri 
Published: April 2021

Innovation is an idea, whether it’s a major or minor where it can turn into a great wealthy project. Nowadays, kids & grown-ups creating or inventing projects that will help the society. Each day a new creator pops up into the world where he benefits as well as all people around him. But some of these people are killing his innovation, but how? 1. Not supporting his idea and being negative towards his thoughts. 2. Keep considering the innovator is cloning other’s ideas. 3. Even if you have a roomful of Steve Jobs, room’s social climate will determine whether the innovation fails or break the failure wall and enter the succession area.
Veganismo: aspectos históricos
Authors: Magalhães Márcia Pimentel , Oliveira José Carlos de 
Published: April 2021

Movimento crescente no mundo e, em especial, no ocidente, o veganismo vem modificando hábitos de consumo de alimentos e de produtos de vestuário, cosméticos, lazer, entre outros a partir de uma perspectiva ética e moral em reconhecimento do animal como ser senciente. Nascido a partir de reflexões sobre o direito dos animais, abarca atualmente aspirações sociais em diversas áreas como a do meio ambiente, da sustentabilidade, do feminismo, do especismo, da política e outras. Neste artigo abordam-se aspectos históricos da trajetória do veganismo, bem como perspectivas para o futuro.
Diversity patterns and drivers of soil microbial communities in urban and suburban park soils of Shanghai, China
Authors: Zhang Weiwei , Han Jigang , Wu Haibing , Zhong Qicheng , Liu Wen , He Shanwen , Zhang Lang 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundThe rapid expansion of urbanization leads to significant losses of soil ecological functions. Microbes directly participate in key soil processes and play crucial roles in maintaining soil functions. However, we still have a limited understanding of underlying mechanisms shaping microbial communities and the interactions among microbial taxa in park soils.MethodsIn this study, the community variations of bacteria and fungi in urban and suburban park soils were investigated in Shanghai, China. Real-time PCR and high-throughput Illumina sequencing were used to examine the microbial abundance and community composition, respectively.ResultsThe results showed that soil molecular biomass and fungal abundance in urban park soils were significantly higher than those in suburban park soils, while no significant difference was observed in the bacterial abundance between urban and suburban park soils. The alpha diversity of soil microbes in urban and suburban park soils was similar to each other, except for Chao1 index of fungal communities. The results of similarity analysis (ANOSIM) revealed remarkable differences in the composition of bacterial and fungal communities between urban and suburban park soils. Specifically, park soils in urban areas were enriched with the phyla Methylomirabilota and Verrucomicrobiota, while the relative abundance of Gemmatimonadota was higher in suburban park soils. Moreover, the fungal class Eurotiomycetes was also enriched in urban park soils. Compared with suburban park soils, nodes and average paths of the bacterial and fungal networks were higher in urban park soils, but the number of module hubs and connectors of the bacterial networks and negative interactions among bacterial taxa were lower. Compared with suburban park soils, Acidobacteriota bacterium and Mortierellomycota fungus played more important roles in the ecological networks of urban park soils. Soil available zinc (Zn), available nitrogen (N), pH, and total potassium (K) significantly affected fungal community composition in park soils in Shanghai. Soil available Zn was also the most important factor affecting the bacterial community composition in this study.ConclusionThere were significant differences in the soil molecular biomass, fungal abundance, and the community composition and co-occurrence relations of both soil bacterial and fungal communities between urban and suburban park soils. Soil available Zn played an important part in shaping the structures of both the bacterial and fungal communities in park soils in Shanghai.
Morphometric, Meristic and Conditional Factor Characterization of Redbelly Tilapia (Coptodon zillii) in Lake Komadugu, Yobe State, Nigeria
Authors: Felix Eze , Oscar Eyo Victor , Victory Abraham Oghenemarho 
Published: April 2021

This research was carried out to study the morphological characteristics of Coptodon zillii from Lake Komadugu in Yobe State, Nigeria using morphometric measurements, meristic counts and length-weight relationship. A total of 60 specimens of Coptodon zillii were purchased from the fisher folks at landing site in Lake Komadugu, examined and analyzed for morphometric and meristic characterization. The results revealed that all the morphometric characters of C. zillii in Lake Komadugu varied whereas some meristic characters including mean number of rays on pectoral fin (8.00 ± 0.00), pelvic fin ray (5.00 ± 0.00), anal fin spine (3.00 ± 0.00), pelvic fin spine (1.00 ± 0.00) and number of lateral line (2.00 ± 0.00) were constant. A significant linear relationship was established and represented by the equation: W =0.008SL2.097 (r =0.6410 d.f. = 58) for male, W =0.001SL3.013 (r = 0.9600 d.f. = 58) for female. Mean condition factor which was not significantly different (p>0.05) showed that male C. zillii had 1.80 ± 0.27, female (1.92± 0.26) and pooled sex (1.86 ± 0.25). Findings of this study implies that C. zillii from Lake Komadugu are in good health. In conclusion, these findings are very useful in stock assessment, population dynamics, sustainable management and conservative measures of C. zillii in Lake Komadugu.
Determination of Brew Fermentation Rate Using Tithonia diversifolia Catalyst
Authors: Chebet Hellen , Kinyua Johnson , Kareru Patrick , Gitaari Njiema 
Published: April 2021

The consumption of alcoholic drinks have highly risen recently to a situation whereby there is a deficit in the stores, this is due to the higher demand compared to supply. Due to the high prices of most of the industrialized brews, consumers have opted for locally brewed drinks. Although locally manufactured brews are not recognized and certified by law, most are of good quality and with low cost of production. The use of Tithonia diversifolia can be employed to aid in improvement of the rate of production of local and industrialized brews. The main aim of this project was to improve the rate of fermentation of alcoholic beverage using both Tithonia diversifolia leaves extracts and iron II nanoparticles derived from it. It was observed that the plant catalyst reduced the time taken to produce alcohol. Alcohol fermentation rate in presence of yeast and with a tithonia extract as catalyst was measured, Rates of alcohol production was measured by UV VIS at intervals of one hour and deduced from a calibration curve. From the data, the alcohol content was higher in the sample catalyzed by the complexed extract and the one containing extracts as the catalyst as compared to the one without a catalyst. The percentage ethanol was able to be detected by finding absorbances (beer lambert law A = e l c.).