bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Muscle Energy Technique versus Motor Control Exercise Adjunct to Conventional Therapy on Pain, Range of Motion and Functional Disability in Patients with Chronic Neck Pain – A Research Protocol
Authors: Jain Deepak , Patil Deepali , Phansopkar Pratik 
Published: October 2021

Background: Physical, neuropathic, or secondary causes can all contribute to neck difficulty. Any other illness might be acute 6 weeks, subacute 3 months, or chronic (lasting more than 6 weeks) (lasting up to three months). Physical consequences, life-distressing or non-life- distressing causes, large and small factors, reliable and inaccurate neck pain. Motor control is a motor retraining programme that focuses on the neck flexors, extensors, and shoulder girdle muscle's coordination and holding skills. MET is a treatment method that makes use of the patient's muscles contracting in a specific, directed manner against a therapist-applied counterforce.
Methodology: The participants in the study will be enrolled of 50 patients who suffer from prolonged neck pain. And each group will be split into 25 people. One group will get MET for four weeks, whilst the other will get MCE and traditional treatment. Pain, ROM, and Functional Disability will be reviewed using a methodical approach.
Conclusion: We need to see how this experiment affects people of MET versus MCT in addition to conventional therapy core on pain, ROM and functional Impairment on neck discomfort that persists. In conclusion, the focus of this research is to find out the efficacy of MET versus MCT in addition to standard therapy, as well as its impact on chronic Neck discomfort has a negative impact on one's quality of life. This study will aid in the relief of chronic neck pain.
Impact of Skill Training Programme (STP) Regarding Postnatal Care of Mothers Who Underwent Lower Segment Caesarean Section on Competencies among Students: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Sahoo Banapriya , Devi Akoijam Mamata , Devi Haobijam Madhubala 
Published: October 2021

Background: In the twenty-first century, Caesarean section is the most frequent operation in obstetrics. Throughout the twentieth century, Caesarean sections have proven to be one of the most efficient abdominal procedures. Over the last three decades, the number of caesarean sections has risen considerably. Around the world, the number of caesarean sections performed is on the rise. From 2003 to 2018, it is more than doubled, reaching a peak of 21% and is growing at a rate of 4% every year. Today’s student nurse will become future nurse, so it’s vital create them competent while providing care to the mothers after lower section caesarean section.
Objective: To assess current competencies among students on postnatal care of mothers who underwent lower section caesarean section in study group , to assess the impact of the skill training programme on the competencies of students in focused group & to find out the association between post-test competencies with the demographic variables of students of study group.
Methods and Materials: The quasi-experimental with non-equivalent pre-test post-test design study was conducted on 30 students in each of experimental and control group by convenient sampling technique in two nursing institutions at Gurugram, Haryana.
Results: Experimental group subjects enhanced the level of knowledge from 11.6 to 17.8 and their skill from 11.7 to 35.5 after implementing the skilled training programme, while the control group showed no improvement. There is a statistically significant transformation between the pre-test and post-test scores. Paired sample ‘t’ test was used to observe differences between pre and post-test mean scores. Students with prior knowledge were more competent, which is statistically noteworthy with a P value of < 0.001. Age, sex, religion, parents' education, and home location are not significant demographic characteristics. The Pearson chi square test was used to determine statistical significance.
Conclusion: Skill training not only enhance knowledge in a specific field, but then also clarifies students how to network, accomplish to timeline, and connect efficiently with people. A competent student nurse can become a competent staff nurse by developing skill through effecting skill training program during study period.
Efficacy of Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique Versus Mulligan Mobilization on Pain and Functional Disability in Subjects with Non-Specific Low Back Pain –A Research Protocol
Authors: Chitale Neha , Patil Deepali , Phansopkar Pratik 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Pain in lower back region is a problem everyone deals with at least once in their life. Chronic back pain in lower back region is the pain which is present for more than 3 months. We can divide lower back pain as specific back pain or non-specific back pain. Non-specific pain in lower back region is because of unknown origin. Treating low back pain is a main challenge physiotherapist faces. Mulligan mobilization is a techniques used to facilitate range of motion and reducing pain whereas integrated neuromuscular inhibition is a technique used to treat any abnormality in muscle.
Methodology: 80 participants with non-specific low back pain will be included. Integrated neuromuscular inhibition technique will be given to Group A and group B will get mulligan mobilization. Group A will have 40 participants and Group B will have 40 participants. Treatment will be given for 6 weeks and pain and functional disability will be documented and statistical analysis will be done.
Discussion: In this study integrated neuromuscular inhibition and mulligan mobilization’s efficacy will be seen in subjects with chronic non- specific lower back pain on pain and functional disability using modified oswestry scale for functional disability and numeric pain rating scale for pain.
Conclusion: Conclusion will be drawn post study as which technique of mulligan mobilization and integrated neuromuscular inhibition is better to reduce disability and pain in patients with non-specific lower back pain. This study will give a better approach to the physiotherapist in managing the low back pain
Unique Serum Immune Phenotypes and Stratification of Oklahoma Native American Rheumatic Disease Patients
Authors: Slight‐Webb Samantha , Guthridge Carla J. , Kheir Joseph , Chen Hua , Tran Ly , Gross Tim , Roberts Virginia , Khan Sohail , Peercy Michael , Saunkeah Bobby , Guthridge Joel M. , James Judith A. 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveNative American (NA) populations have higher rates of rheumatic disease and present with overlapping disease symptoms and nontraditional serologic features, thus presenting an urgent need for better biomarkers in NA diagnostics. This study used a machine learning approach to identify immune signatures that more effectively stratify NA patients with rheumatic disease.MethodsAdult NA patients with autoantibody‐positive (AAB+) rheumatoid arthritis (RA; n = 28), autoantibody negative (AAB−) RA (n = 18), systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease (n = 28), arthralgia/osteoarthritis (n = 28), or polyarthritis/undifferentiated connective tissue disease (n = 28), and control patients (n = 28) provided serum samples for cytokine, chemokine, and AAB assessment. Random forest clustering and soluble mediator groups were used to identify patients and control patients with similar biologic signatures. The American College of Rheumatology criteria specific for systemic disease and RA identified differences in disease manifestations across clusters.ResultsSerum soluble mediators were not homogenous between different NA rheumatic disease diagnostic groups, reflecting the heterogeneity of autoimmune diseases. Clustering by serum biomarkers created 5 analogous immune phenotypes. Soluble mediators and pathways associated with chronic inflammation and involvement of the innate, B cell, T follicular helper cell, and interferon‐associated pathways, along with regulatory signatures, distinguished the 5 immune signatures among patients. Select clinical features were associated with individual immune profiles. Patients with low inflammatory and higher regulatory signatures were more likely to have few clinical manifestations, whereas those with T cell pathway involvement had more arthritis.ConclusionSerum protein signatures distinguished NA patients with rheumatic disease into distinct immune subsets. Following these immune profiles over time may assist with earlier diagnoses and help guide more personalized treatment approaches.
Shining Light on Porous Liquids: From Fundamentals to Syntheses, Applications and Future Challenges
Authors: Wang Dechao , Xin Yangyang , Yao Dongdong , Li Xiaoqian , Ning Hailong , Zhang Hongmin , Wang Yudeng , Ju Xiaoqian , He Zhongjie , Yang Zhiyuan , Fan Wendi , Li Peipei , Zheng Yaping 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPorous liquids (PLs), an emerging type of flowing liquid materials that combine the merits of porous solids and flowing liquids, have garnered immense attention since the concept of PLs was proposed in 2007. Meanwhile, PLs have witnessed growing success in versatile synthesis strategies and emerging applications, especially since 2017. Given the lack of a timely comprehensive review, developing a prompt summary with a comprehensive understanding is undoubtedly urgent. Thus, this critical review offers a comprehensive summary of the progress in fundamental chemistry, developmental history, synthetic strategies, and emerging applications of PLs. First, the fundamental chemistry and developmental history are reviewed. Then, the synthesis strategies of PLs are highlighted. Additionally, crosscutting studies of pure theoretical simulations are reviewed. Meanwhile, the daunting characterization issues of PLs are analyzed. Next, the state‐of‐the‐art of PLs applications is reviewed in detail. In the end, perspectives regarding the remaining challenges and future directions for PLs are presented. It is speculated that this critical comprehensive review of PLs could inspire scientific communities who focus on the task‐specific materials for various applications, such as gas sorption, membrane separation, catalytic conversion, chiral separation, thermal management and electrolyte, and so on.
In Situ Management of Ions Migration to Control Hysteresis Effect for Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Yichuan , Zhou Wencai , Chen Xiaoqing , Zhang Xiaobo , Gao Hongli , Ouedraogo Nabonswende Aida Nadege , Zheng Zilong , Han Chang Bao , Zhang Yongzhe , Yan Hui 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs one of the most promising photovoltaic materials, the efficiency of inorganic–organic hybrid halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has reached 25.5% in 2020. However, the stability and hysteresis remain primary challenges before it can become a commercial photovoltaic technology. Therefore, those issues have drawn significant attention for photovoltaic applications. In this work, a study of the PSCs hysteresis improvement is presented based on a combination of first‐principles simulations, scanning electron microscopy images, and time‐dependent photocurrent measurements. It indicates the hysteresis led by the ion migration and accumulation is mainly localized at the two interfaces: one is between electron transport layer and active layer, and the other is between active layer and hole transport layer. Considering the massive defects at the grain boundaries (GBs), they lower the potential barriers significantly. The defect density at GBs is therefore reduced via the in situ passivation of PbI2 crystals. The hysteresis index is decreased from 22.43% down to 1.04%, and results in an improvement in efficiency from 17.12% up to 20.10%. Following the understanding of defect‐induced hysteresis, an approach to improve the hysteresis is provided, which can be integrated into the fabrication process and widely applied to enhance the performance of PSCs.
Engineering Nano‐ and Microparticles as Oral Delivery Vehicles to Promote Intestinal Lymphatic Drug Transport
Authors: Miao Yang‐Bao , Lin Yu‐Jung , Chen Kuan‐Hung , Luo Po‐Kai , Chuang Shun‐Hao , Yu Yu‐Tzu , Tai Hsien‐Meng , Chen Chiung‐Tong , Lin Kun‐Ju , Sung Hsing‐Wen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTargeted oral delivery of a drug via the intestinal lymphatic system (ILS) has the advantages of protecting against hepatic first‐pass metabolism of the drug and improving its pharmacokinetic performance. It is also a promising route for the oral delivery of vaccines and therapeutic agents to induce mucosal immune responses and treat lymphatic diseases, respectively. This article describes the anatomical structures and physiological characteristics of the ILS, with an emphasis on enterocytes and microfold (M) cells, which are the main gateways for the transport of particulate delivery vehicles across the intestinal epithelium into the lymphatics. A comprehensive overview of recent advances in the rational engineering of particulate vehicles, along with the challenges and opportunities that they present for improving ILS drug delivery, is provided, and the mechanisms by which such vehicles target and transport through enterocytes or M cells are discussed. The use of naturally sourced materials, such as yeast microcapsules and their derived polymeric β‐glucans, as novel ILS‐targeting delivery vehicles is also reviewed. Such use is the focus of an emerging field of research. Their potential use in the oral delivery of nucleic acids, such as mRNA vaccines, is proposed.
Fabrication of Millimeter Thick Polymer‐Based Thermoelectric Devices by Solvent‐Free Printing
Authors: Suemori Kouji , Nobeshima Taiki , Uemura Sei , Fukuda Nobuko 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSolution‐processable polymer‐based materials allow the fabrication of flexible, light‐weight, and large‐area thermoelectric devices (TEDs). However, solution fabrication processes of polymer‐based materials involve the drying of an organic solvent, which induces an unfavorable material orientation and hinders the formation of a thick thermoelectric layer. These limitations significantly deteriorate the performance of polymer‐based TEDs. In this paper, a polymer‐based TED, fabricated by solvent‐free printing (SFP)—a technique that eliminates the solvent drying process—is reported. A carbon nanotube (CNT)–polymer composite, which is a typical polymer‐based thermoelectric material, has been fabricated by a two‐step process. The deposition of a suspension, composed of CNTs and a liquid polymer precursor, on a substrate is followed by the solidification of the liquid polymer precursor via a cross‐linking reaction. This technique does not involve the drying of organic solvents. Therefore, thermoelectric materials with random material orientation and thicknesses of greater than 1 mm are obtained. The SFP‐fabricated polymer‐based TED exhibits an electric power that is more than four orders of magnitude higher than that of a thin‐layered TED fabricated via a conventional solution process. This work facilitates the realization of various applications of polymer‐based TEDs, such as wearable power sources that can convert body heat to electricity.
Electrochemical Functionalization of Imidazopyridine and Indazole: An Overview
Authors: Ghosh Debashis , Ghosh Sumit , Hajra Alakananda 
Published: October 2021

AbstractElectrochemical synthesis offers a mild, simple, and efficient tool for the preparation of interesting and useful molecules, thus eluding severe chemical oxidizing and reducing agents used in conventional synthetic methods. In particular, electrochemical C−H activation is expected to play an important role in the direct functionalization of heterocyclic compounds. Over the past few decades, the research interest in imidazopyridine and indazole has increased significantly due to their multipurpose uses in medicinal and industrial chemistry. Therefore, structural modification of these heterocycles using electro‐oxidation has become one of the important research topics among synthetic organic chemistry in recent time. This review provides a comprehensive discussion of electrochemical functionalization of indazoles and imidazopyridines published so far. A summary of the current challenges and the future direction for the development of efficient and green electrochemical methods for functionalization of these heterocycles is also presented.magnified image
Long‐Term Cognitive Outcome in Anti–N‐Methyl‐D‐Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis
Authors: Heine Josephine , Kopp Ute A. , Klag Johanna , Ploner Christoph J. , Prüss Harald , Finke Carsten 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveCognitive dysfunction is a core symptom of anti–N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis, but detailed studies on prevalence, characteristics of cognitive deficits, and the potential for recovery are missing. Here, we performed a prospective longitudinal study to assess cognitive long‐term outcome and identify clinical predictors.MethodsStandardized comprehensive neuropsychological assessments were performed in 43 patients with NMDAR encephalitis 2.3 years and 4.9 years (median) after disease onset. Cognitive assessments covered executive function, working memory, verbal/visual episodic memory, attention, subjective complaints, and depression and anxiety levels. Cognitive performance of patients was compared to that of 30 healthy participants matched for age, sex, and education.ResultsAll patients had persistent cognitive deficits 2.3 years after onset, with moderate or severe impairment in >80% of patients. Core deficits included memory and executive function. After 4.9 years, significant improvement of cognitive function was observed, but moderate to severe deficits persisted in two thirds of patients, despite favorable functional neurological outcomes (median modified Rankin Scale = 1). Delayed treatment, higher disease severity, and longer duration of the acute phase were predictors for impaired cognitive outcome. The recovery process was time dependent, with greater gains earlier after the acute phase, although improvements were possible for several years after disease onset.InterpretationCognitive deficits are the main contributor to long‐term morbidity in NMDAR encephalitis and persist beyond functional neurological recovery. Nonetheless, cognitive improvement is possible for several years after the acute phase and should be supported by continued cognitive rehabilitation. Cognition should be included as an outcome measure in future clinical studies. ANN NEUROL 2021;90:949–961
Combining Electrochemiluminescence Detection with Aptamer‐Gated Indicator Releasing Mesoporous Nanoparticles Enables ppt Sensitivity for Strip‐Based Rapid Tests
Authors: Climent Estela , Rurack Knut 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe combination of electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) and aptamer‐gated indicator delivering (gAID) magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles embedded into glass fibre paper functionalised with poly(ethyleneglycol) andN‐(3‐triethoxysilylpropyl)diethanolamine allowed the development of a rapid test that detects penicillin directly in diluted milk down to 50±9 ppt in <5 min. Covalent attachment of the aptamer “cap” to the silica scaffold enabled pore closure through non‐covalent electrostatic interactions with surface amino groups, while binding of penicillin led to a folding‐up of the aptamer thus releasing the ECL reporter Ru(bpy)32+previously loaded into the material and letting it be detected after lateral flow by a smartphone camera upon electrochemical excitation with a screen printed electrode inserted into a 3D‐printed holder. The approach is simple, generic and presents advantages with respect to sensitivity, measurement uncertainty and robustness compared with conventional fluorescence or electrochemical detection, especially for point‐of‐need analyses of challenging matrices and analytes at ultra‐trace levels.
Single‐phase fluid mass transfer in petroleum processing and petrochemical technology: Theory and application
Authors: Xu Aijie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe application of single‐phase fluid mass transfer theory in petrochemical industry, particularly in chemical plants and operating processes, has attracted wide attention for decades. In this review, the single‐phase fluid mass transfer theory, including molecular diffusion and convective diffusion, and its application in petroleum refining and chemical industry are systematically summarized. Both experimental studies and theoretical calculations, based on numerical and analytical methods, are exactly introduced. Their applications in porous media of fixed bed, fluidized bed and pebble bed, structured packed tower, rotary disc contactor, chemical reactors, and corrosion are discussed in detail. The existing technology and knowledge can provide potential approaches to optimize design and modification of chemical plants and further study on related theories of fluid mass transfer.
Hybrid super‐twisting fractional‐order terminal sliding mode control for rolling spherical robot
Authors: Salemizadeh Parizi Mohammad , Salemizadehparizi Fatemeh , Vanaei Shohreh , Karimi Arash , Komijani Hossein 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe unmodeled parameters, uncertainties, chattering, and disturbances can be serious problems for a controller. These issues decrease the performance of the controller and make it difficult to have a satisfactory movement path as well. This paper presents a novel hybrid super‐twisting fractional‐order terminal sliding mode controller (HSTFOTSMC) for a rolling spherical robot (RSR) considering bounded model uncertainties for robot dynamics in presence of external disturbances and noise. The controller is based on a new adaptive fractional‐order terminal sliding surface. The stability of the proposed controller is proved by the Lyapunov theory, and then, it is tuned by a novel extended grey wolf optimizing (EGWO) algorithm to adjust the controller parameters, and assure to achieve the precise robot performance. The results of the optimized controller (EGWO‐HSTFOTSMC) are compared with the typical sliding mode controller (SMC), fractional‐order terminal sliding mode controller (FOTSMC), and super‐twisting fractional‐order terminal sliding mode controller (STFOTSMC), which demonstrate the effectiveness of the controller scheme. The controller implementation can potently eliminate the impacts of disturbances, noise, and uncertainties; meanwhile, it decreases the tracking error and increases the convergence speed of robot responses.
Süllkästen zur Inspektion und Sanierung von Uferbauwerken
Authors: Osthoff David , Clausen Martin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSüllkästen sind wasserdichte Stahlkästen, die in das Gewässer eingetaucht und gegen das Uferbauwerk abgedichtet werden. Durch Lenzen der Süllkästen wird das Uferbauwerk örtlich trockengelegt und für eine Inspektion und eine Sanierung zugänglich. Sanierungsmaßnahmen können im Schutz eines Süllkastens mit einer sehr hohen Ausführungsqualität durchgeführt werden, die durch gängige Taucherarbeit nicht zu erreichen ist. Süllkästen wurden durch die Aug. Prien Bauunternehmung für verschiedene Anforderungen entwickelt und erfolgreich eingesetzt. In diesem Beitrag werden verschiedene Einsätze von Süllkästen vorgestellt und auf die damit verbundenen Herausforderungen und Vorzüge der Konstruktion eingegangen.