bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in sex hormone recovery profile after cessation of 12‐week gonadotropin‐releasing hormone antagonist versus agonist therapy
Authors: Sasaki Hiroshi , Miki Kenta , Tashiro Kojiro , Mori Keiichiro , Urabe Fumihiko , Fukuokaya Wataru , Kimura Takahiro , Sato Shun , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Aoki Manabu , Egawa Shin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundPharmacobiological behavior differs between gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists and GnRH agonists. However, reliable evidence clarifying the difference between them is limited.ObjectivesWe aimed to elucidate the difference in recovery profile between GnRH antagonist (degarelix) and GnRH agonist (leuprorelin acetate or goserelin acetate) as short‐term (12 weeks) neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) prior to 125I‐transperineal prostate brachytherapy (TPPB) for localized prostate cancer.Materials and MethodsThis study was initially designed as a single‐center, prospective, open‐label, randomized controlled trial. The primary endpoint was a serum testosterone level above the castration range (>50 ng/dl) after the cessation of 12‐week neoadjuvant ADT (GnRH antagonist or GnRH agonists). All patients underwent 12 weeks of neoadjuvant ADT. The recovery profiles of hormones, prostate‐specific antigen, total prostate volume (TPV), bone mineral density, and quality of life scores were investigated.ResultsTestosterone recovery duration after the last injection was significantly longer in the GnRH antagonist arm than in the GnRH agonist arm (median, 27.3 vs. 4.8 weeks, p < 0.001). The serum levels of luteinizing hormone and follicle‐stimulating hormone in the GnRH antagonist arm also remained significantly lower than those in the GnRH agonist arm between 16 and 24 weeks (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, reduction in TPV at the time of TPPB was comparable between both arms (p = 0.128). There were also no significant between‐arm differences in the International Prostate Symptom Score and the International Index of Erectile Function scores.Discussion and ConclusionThe recovery patterns of hormonal profiles after short‐term (12 weeks) neoadjuvant ADT differ between GnRH antagonists and GnRH agonists. The choice between these drugs matters and may have a clinical impact depending on the primary objective of ADT.
A quarter of century after: The changing ecology of psychiatric emergency services
Authors: Chen Wen‐Hao , Hsieh Ming H. , Liao Shih‐Cheng , Liu Chen‐Chung , Liu Chih‐Min , Wu Chi‐Shin , Lin Yi‐Ting , Hwang Tzung‐Jeng , Chien Yi‐Ling 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionPrevious studies demonstrated a trend of increasing common mental disorders among the Emergency Department (ED) visitors in Western countries. Little is known about the current conditions of the emergency psychiatric services in Asian countries. This study aims to survey the current epidemiology and the changing ecology of emergency psychiatry services in Taiwan.MethodsA total of 804 psychiatry consultations were initiated at the ED during the 1‐year period from July 1, 2014 to June 30, 2015 in a medical center in northern Taiwan. Clinical data of gender, age, chief complaints, tentative diagnoses, dispositions, and ED staying hours were compared to a previous report in the same hospital in 1988.ResultsPsychiatry consultation was initiated in 0.72% of all ED visits (804/111,923). Among these visits, females were 1.73 times of the males. The most common chief complaints were psychosis/mania (33.5%) and suicide/self‐harm (33.2%), followed by homicide/violence (12.8%) and anxiety/depression (10.3%). Top tentative diagnoses were schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders (31.3%), trauma‐ and stressor‐related disorders (17.5%), bipolar disorders (15.9%), and depressive disorders (14.2%). Compared to 1988, there are three major changes: (1) over‐representation of female patients, (2) an increase of “neurosis” patients, and (3) an increase of suicide/self‐harm as chief problem.DiscussionThis study portrays the current epidemiology and changing ecology of psychiatric emergency in Taiwan. The increase of neurotic and suicide/self‐harm patients requires more services and clinical training in managing common mental disorders and suicide in the ED.
Analysis of the trends of polypharmacy and high‐dose prescriptions in Japan
Authors: Shinfuku Naotaka 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionAfter extensive research, this study explored whether high‐dose prescriptions and polypharmacy remain more frequent in Japan than elsewhere. If confirmed, we aimed to identify the factors that contributed to this unique trend.MethodsThe psychotropic drug prescription patterns for patients with schizophrenia in Japan were reviewed. This was based on a large sample collected from surveys of the Research on Asian Psychotropic Prescription Patterns, an international collaborative research project conducted by Asian psychiatrists to monitor prescriptions of psychotropic drugs for people with mental disorders, in 2001, 2004, 2008, and 2016.ResultsThe 2016 Research on Asian Psychotropic Prescription Patterns survey revealed that Japan continued to demonstrate the highest rate of polypharmacy and the highest dosages of psychotropic prescription drugs for patients with schizophrenia among the 15 countries and areas that participated in the survey.DiscussionThe Research on Asian Psychotropic Prescription Patterns surveys demonstrated that science plays a limited role in the decision‐making process for prescriptions of psychotropic medications. Such prescriptions are influenced by a wide range of factors, such as the national mental health policy, prescription‐financing systems, the history of psychiatry in each country, and the prevailing culture. Hospital‐based national mental health policies and mental health financing systems have been the primary obstacles to reducing polypharmacy in Japan.
Medication use and microscopic colitis
Authors: Sandler Robert S. , Keku Temitope O. , Woosley John T. , Galanko Joseph A. , Peery Anne F. 
Published: September 2021

SummaryBackgroundMicroscopic colitis is an increasingly common cause of watery diarrhoea. Several classes of medications have been associated with microscopic colitis in prior studies.AimsTo determine the association between the use of previously implicated medications and microscopic colitis.MethodsThis was a case‐control study of patients referred for elective, outpatient colonoscopy for diarrhoea. Patients were excluded for inflammatory bowel disease, C difficile, or other infectious diarrhoea. Colon biopsies were reviewed by the study pathologist and patients were classified as microscopic colitis cases or non‐microscopic colitis controls.ResultsThe study population included 110 microscopic colitis cases and 252 controls. The cases were older, better educated and more likely to be female. Cases reported a greater number of loose, watery, or liquid stools, nocturnal stools, more urgency and weight loss compared to controls. There was no association with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), adjusted OR (aOR) 0.66, 95% CI 0.38‐1.13 or nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, aOR 0.68, 95% CI 0.40‐1.17. Cholecystectomy was less common in cases, aOR 0.33, 95% CI 0.17‐0.64, but microscopic colitis cases had more frequent bowel movements following cholecystectomy.ConclusionCompared to similar patients with diarrhoea, cases with microscopic colitis were not more likely to have taken previously implicated medications. They had more diarrhoea following cholecystectomy, suggesting that bile may play a role in symptoms or aetiology. We conclude that the appropriate choice of controls is crucial to understanding risk factors for microscopic colitis.
Novel oral iron therapy for iron deficiency anaemia: How to value safety in a new drug?
Authors: Culeddu Giovanna , Su Li , Cheng Yafeng , Pereira Dora I. A. , Payne Rupert A. , Powell Jonathan J. , Hughes Dyfrig A. 
Published: September 2021

AimsNovel oral iron supplements may be associated with a reduced incidence of adverse drug reactions compared to standard treatments of iron deficiency anaemia. The aim was to establish their value‐based price under conditions of uncertainty surrounding their tolerability.MethodsA discrete‐time Markov model was developed to assess the value‐based price of oral iron preparations based on their incremental cost per quality‐adjusted life year (QALY) gained from the perspective of the NHS in the UK. Primary and secondary care resource use and health state occupancy probabilities were estimated from routine electronic health records; and unit costs and health state utilities were derived from published sources. Patients were pre‐menopausal women with iron deficiency anaemia who were prescribed oral iron supplementation between 2000 and 2014.ResultsThe model reflecting current use of iron salts yielded a mean total cost to the NHS of £779, and 0.84 QALYs over 12 months. If a new iron preparation were to reduce the risk of adverse drug reactions by 30–40%, then its value‐based price, based on a threshold of £20 000 per QALY, would be in the region of £10–£13 per month, or about 7–9 times the average price of basic iron salts.ConclusionsThere are no adequate, direct comparisons of new oral iron supplements to ferrous iron salts, and therefore other approaches are needed to assess their value. Our modelling shows that they are potentially cost‐effective at prices that are an order of magnitude higher than existing iron salts.
Transforming economics values toward life: From heterodoxy to orthodoxy
Authors: Waddock Sandra 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the face of numerous crises, including a global pandemic, it is time to challenge economic orthodoxy—neoliberalism—and develop a new economic orthodoxy built around values and principles that give life and prominence to socioecological systems. In this essay, I link six values of life‐affirming economics to principles that give life to systems. The life‐affirming economic values are stewardship of the whole; cocreating collective value; cosmopolitan localist‐governance; regenerativity, reciprocity, and circularity; relationality and connectedness; and equitable markets and trade. These values can be linked to principles that give life to systems, which include wholeness, purpose, boundedness, connectedness and diversity, and human consciousness or awareness. Because humans can design markets and trade to be equitable, if they so desire, all of the principles that give life are linked to that value. Combined these principles provide a platform for a set of assumptions underpinning a potential new economic orthodoxy to replace the flawed set of assumptions in the neoliberal economics currently dominant in industrialized nations.
Modelling publication bias andp‐hacking
Authors: Moss Jonas , De Bin Riccardo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPublication bias andp‐hacking are two well‐known phenomena that strongly affect the scientific literature and cause severe problems in meta‐analyses. Due to these phenomena, the assumptions of meta‐analyses are seriously violated and the results of the studies cannot be trusted. While publication bias is very often captured well by the weighting function selection model,p‐hacking is much harder to model and no definitive solution has been found yet. In this paper, we advocate the selection model approach to model publication bias and propose a mixture model forp‐hacking. We derive some properties for these models, and we compare them formally and through simulations. Finally, two real data examples are used to show how the models work in practice.
Levels of self‐determination in the ageing population with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Álvarez‐Aguado Izaskun , Vega Córdova Vanessa , Spencer González Herbert , González Carrasco Félix , Jarpa Azagra Marcela , Exss Cid Katherine 
Published: September 2021

Accessible SummaryThis study looks at the levels of self‐determination of people with intellectual disabilities aged 45 years or more.Self‐determination involves skills to help make things they want happen in their own lives.In people with intellectual disabilities over 45, self‐advocacy and self‐awareness skills could be strengthened.Age, place of residence and support received by people with intellectual disabilities over 45, are some of the things that influence their self‐determination.AbstractBackgroundSelf‐determination is a key construct to guarantee the development of skills that allow people with disabilities to acquire control over their lives. However, people with intellectual disabilities may have premature ageing processes that make it difficult to exercise these skills. This study seeks to determine the self‐determination levels of 516 ageing adults with intellectual disabilities between the ages of 45 and 86 years.MethodThe data were collected with anad hocscale developed from the Functional Model of Self‐Determination.FindingsThe results show that competencies related to self‐advocacy and self‐knowledge greatly decreased, unlike making choices and solving problems. In addition, the severity of the disability, age, place of residence and type of support are identified as variables associated with levels of self‐determination.ConclusionsThere is a need to prioritise the acquisition and maintenance of skills related to self‐realisation as the basis for intervention proposals in self‐determination.
Pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and behavioural studies of deschloroketamine in Wistar rats
Authors: Štefková‐Mazochová Kristýna , Danda Hynek , Dehaen Wim , Jurásek Bronislav , Šíchová Klára , Pinterová‐Leca Nikola , Mazoch Vladimír , Krausová Barbora Hrčka , Kysilov Bohdan , Smejkalová Tereza , Vyklický Ladislav , Kohout Michal , Hájková Kateřina , Svozil Daniel , Horsley Rachel R. , Kuchař Martin , Páleníček Tomáš 
Published: September 2021

Background and purposeDeschloroketamine (DCK), a structural analogue of ketamine, has recently emerged on the illicit drug market as a recreational drug with a modestly long duration of action. Despite it being widely used by recreational users, no systematic research on its effects has been performed to date.Experimental approachPharmacokinetics, acute effects, and addictive potential in a series of behavioural tests in Wistar rats were performed following subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of DCK (5, 10, and 30 mg·kg−1) and its enantiomersS‐DCK (10 mg·kg−1) andR‐DCK (10 mg·kg−1). Additionally, activity at humanN‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors was also evaluated.Key resultsDCK rapidly crossed the blood brain barrier, with maximum brain levels achieved at 30 min and remaining high at 2 h after administration. Its antagonist activity at NMDA receptors is comparable to that of ketamine withS‐DCK being more potent. DCK had stimulatory effects on locomotion, induced place preference, and robustly disrupted PPI. Locomotor stimulant effects tended to disappear more quickly than disruptive effects on PPI.S‐DCK had more pronounced stimulatory properties than itsR‐enantiomer. However, the potency in disrupting PPI was comparable in both enantiomers.Conclusion and implicationsDCK showed similar behavioural and addictive profiles and pharmacodynamics to ketamine, withS‐DCK being in general more active. It has a slightly slower pharmacokinetic profile than ketamine, which is consistent with its reported longer duration of action. These findings have implications and significance for understanding the risks associated with illicit use of DCK.
Inhibitor library screening identifies ispinesib as a new potential chemotherapeutic agent for pancreatic cancers
Authors: Murase Yoshiki , Ono Hiroaki , Ogawa Kosuke , Yoshioka Risa , Ishikawa Yoshiya , Ueda Hiroki , Akahoshi Keiichi , Ban Daisuke , Kudo Atsushi , Tanaka Shinji , Tanabe Minoru 
Published: September 2021

AbstractScreening custom‐made libraries of inhibitors may reveal novel drugs for treating pancreatic cancer. In this manner, we identified ispinesib as a candidate and attempted to determine its clinical efficacy and the biological significance of its functional target Eg5 in pancreatic cancer. One hundred compounds in our library were screened for candidate drugs using cell cytotoxicity assays. Ispinesib was found to mediate effective antitumor effects in pancreatic cancer. The clinical significance of the expression of the ispinesib target Eg5 was investigated in 165 pancreatic cancer patients by immunohistochemical staining and in Eg5‐positive pancreatic cancer patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models. Patients with Eg5‐positive tumors experienced significantly poorer clinical outcomes than those not expressing Eg5 (overall survival; P < .01, recurrence‐free survival; P < .01). Ispinesib or Eg5 inhibition with specific siRNA significantly suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cell lines. Mechanistically, ispinesib acted by inducing incomplete mitosis with nuclear disruption, resulting in multinucleated monoastral spindle cells. In the PDX mouse model, ispinesib dramatically reduced tumor growth relative to vehicle control (652.2 mm3 vs 18.1 mm3 in mean tumor volume, P < .01 by ANOVA; 545 mg vs 28 mg in tumor weight, P < .01, by ANOVA). Ispinesib, identified by inhibitor library screening, could be a promising novel therapeutic agent for pancreatic cancer. The expression of its target Eg5 is associated with poorer postoperative prognosis and is important for the clinical efficacy of ispinesib in pancreatic cancer.
COVID‐19 and home confinement: A study on fathers, father–child relationships and child adjustment
Authors: Trumello Carmen , Bramanti Sonia M. , Lombardi Lucia , Ricciardi Piera , Morelli Mara , Candelori Carla , Crudele Monia , Cattelino Elena , Baiocco Roberto , Chirumbolo Antonio , Babore Alessandra 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to explore fathers' adjustment and father–child relationships during the first peak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak (April 2020). More particularly, the study analysed paternal perceptions of changes concerning familial economic conditions and children's psychological difficulties (viz., emotional problems and hyperactivity) during the lockdown produced by the current pandemic. Furthermore, we investigated the following correlates of fathers' parenting stress: socio‐demographic condition, paternal individual stress, anxiety, depression and changes in the father–child relationship during the outbreak.MethodsA total of 102 fathers (mean age = 41.60 years; SD = 11.54) with minor children were recruited through an online survey and reported data about their socio‐economic condition, anxiety, and depressive levels, parenting stress, offspring's adjustment, and changes in their relationship with their children.ResultsAs for the economic conditions, participants were equally distributed between those who did not perceive changes and those who perceived a worsening. With regard to changes in the child's psychological difficulties, results showed that levels of children's emotional problems and inattention/hyperactivity had significantly increased during the lockdown period. A multiple linear regression analysis highlighted that the principal predictor of paternal parenting stress was living in the regions most affected by the COVID‐19 pandemic, followed by high levels of paternal anxiety symptomatology and high levels of worsening of the relationship with the child during the pandemic.ConclusionsOverall, our study suggests to consider the effects of COVID‐19 on fathers as well, as they have been rather overlooked by previous research that has mainly focused on mothers, and to plan specific interventions able to also take them into account.
Neuro‐COVID‐19
Authors: Shimohata Takayoshi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNeuromuscular manifestations of new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection are frequent, and include dizziness, headache, myopathy, and olfactory and gustatory disturbances. Patients with acute central nervous system disorders, such as delirium, impaired consciousness, stroke and convulsive seizures, have a high mortality rate. The encephalitis/encephalopathy that causes consciousness disturbance and seizures can be classified into three conditions, including direct infection with the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus, encephalopathy caused by central nervous system damage secondary to systemic hypercytokinemia (cytokine storm) and autoimmune‐mediated encephalitis that occurs after infection. The sequelae, called post‐acute COVID‐19 syndrome or long COVID, include neuromuscular manifestations, such as anxiety, depression, sleep disturbance, muscle weakness, brain fog and cognitive impairment. It is desirable to establish diagnostic criteria and treatment for these symptoms. Vaccine‐induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia, Guillain–Barré syndrome, bilateral facial paralysis, encephalitis and opsoclonus‐myoclonus syndrome have been reported as adverse reactions after the COVID‐19 vaccine, although these are rare.
A high fat, sugar, and salt Western diet induces motor‐muscular and sensory dysfunctions and neurodegeneration in mice during aging: Ameliorative action of metformin
Authors: Hong Song , Nagayach Aarti , Lu Yan , Peng Hongying , Duong Quoc‐Viet A. , Pham Nicholas B. , Vuong Christopher A. , Bazan Nicolas G. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsTo explore the novel linkage between a Western diet combining high saturated fat, sugar, and salt (HFSS) and neurological dysfunctions during aging as well as Metformin intervention, we assessed cerebral cortex abnormalities associated with sensory and motor dysfunctions and cellular and molecular insights in brains using HFSS‐fed mice during aging. We also explored the effect of Metformin treatment on these mice.MethodsC57BL/6 mice were fed with HFSS and treated with metformin from 20 to 22 months of age, resembling human aging from 56 to 68 years of age (an entry phase of the aged portion of lifespan).ResultsThe motor and sensory cortexes in mice during aging after HFSS diet showed: (A) decreased motor‐muscular and sensory functions; (B) reduced inflammation‐resolving Arg‐1+ microglia; (C) increased inflammatory iNOs+ microglia and TNFα levels; (D) enhanced abundance of amyloid‐β peptide and of phosphorylated Tau. Metformin attenuated these changes.ConclusionA HFSS‐combined diet caused motor‐muscular and sensory dysfunctions, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration, whereas metformin counteracted these effects. Our findings show neuroinflammatory consequences of a HFSS diet in aging. Metformin curbs the HFSS‐related neuroinflammation eliciting neuroprotection.