bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mobility-related outcomes for periacetabular osteotomy in persons with acetabular dysplasia: setting the stage for measurement of real-world outcomes
Authors: Alrashdi Naif Z , Motl Robert W , Aguiar Elroy J , Ryan Michael K , Perumean-Chaney Suzanne E , Ithurburn Matthew P 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is a surgery for persons with symptomatic acetabular dysplasia (AD) that increases acetabular coverage of the femoral head for reducing hip pain and improving function. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are significantly improved following PAO, yet little is known regarding mobility-related outcomes. This narrative review provides a synthesis of evidence regarding PROs and mobility-related outcomes in persons with AD following PAO. We further identified important future research directions, chiefly the need for measurement of real-world outcomes. We searched PubMed using comprehensive predefined search terms. We included studies that (i) enrolled persons with AD undergoing PAO, (ii) included PROs and/or mobility-related outcomes and (iii) were written in English. We synthesized and summarized study characteristics and findings. Twenty-three studies were included in this review. Commonly evaluated PROs included pain (n = 14), hip function (n = 19) and quality of life (n = 9). Mobility-related outcomes included self-reported physical activity (PA; n = 11), walking speed and cadence (n = 4), device-measured PA (n = 2), and sit-to-stand, four-square-step and timed stair ascent tests (n = 1). Persons with AD had significant improvements in PROs following PAO, yet mobility-related outcomes (e.g. walking speed and device-measured PA levels) did not change over 1 year following PAO. Few studies have evaluated mobility-related outcomes following PAO, and these studies were of a low methodological quality. Future research might include experience sampling data collection approaches and body-worn devices as free-living, technology-driven methodologies to evaluate mobility and other outcomes in persons with AD undergoing PAO.
Combination of monoammonium glycyrrhizinate and cysteine hydrochloride protects mice against acetaminophen-induced liver injury via Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway
Authors: Li Juntong , Gao Yan , Cui Liyuan , He Hongyuan , Zheng Jianyong , Mo Shu , Zhou Xin , Chu Shifeng , Sun Xiaoyun , Chen Naihong , Wang Hong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose has been the primary cause of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in western countries. Monoammonium glycyrrhizinate (MG) is a primary active ingredient from glycyrrhiza. Cysteine hydrochloride (CH) is a component of glutathione (GSH). The study aimed to explore the therapeutical effect of MG-CH against DILI incurred by intragastric APAP.

Methods
Mice were randomized into eight groups: control, APAP, three groups accepted APAP and the combination of MG and CH (15, 30, 60 mg/kg), two groups accepted APAP and MG (40 mg/kg) or CH (20 mg/kg), moreover, one group received MG-CH (60 mg/kg) without APAP. After pretreatment with MG-CH or MG and CH alone for 3 days, mice were administered APAP by oral gavage. The serum and tissue were collected to detect the activities of liver enzymes and evaluate the change of histomorphology and explore the possible mechanism of MG-CH in protecting against DILI.

Key findings
MG-CH pretreatment remarkably alleviated hepatic injury and decreased the activities of ALT, AST, ALP and LDH. The hepatic ROS and MDA contents were decreased, and the level of GSH and GSH-PX activities was increased in the serum. Furthermore, MG-CH improved the expression of Nrf2, HO-1, GCLM and NQO1 to increase antioxidant ability and induce detoxification. The expression of IL-10 suppressing excessive inflammatory responses was enhanced.

Conclusion
The study demonstrated that MG-CH had protective effects against DILI induced by APAP and the potential mechanisms were based on inhibiting oxidative stress and activating the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway.
On the quenching of star formation in observed and simulated central galaxies: evidence for the role of integrated AGN feedback
Authors: Piotrowska Joanna M , Bluck Asa F L , Maiolino Roberto , Peng Yingjie 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we investigate how massive central galaxies cease their star formation by comparing theoretical predictions from cosmological simulations: EAGLE, Illustris, and IllustrisTNG with observations of the local Universe from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Our machine learning (ML) classification reveals supermassive black hole mass (MBH) as the most predictive parameter in determining whether a galaxy is star forming or quenched at redshift z = 0 in all three simulations. This predicted consequence of active galactic nucleus (AGN) quenching is reflected in the observations, where it is true for a range of indirect estimates of MBH via proxies as well as its dynamical measurements. Our partial correlation analysis shows that other galactic parameters lose their strong association with quiescence, once their correlations with MBH are accounted for. In simulations, we demonstrate that it is the integrated power output of the AGN, rather than its instantaneous activity, which causes galaxies to quench. Finally, we analyse the change in molecular gas content of galaxies from star-forming to passive populations. We find that both gas fractions (fgas) and star formation efficiencies (SFEs) decrease upon transition to quiescence in the observations but SFE is more predictive than fgas in the ML passive/star-forming classification. These trends in the SDSS are most closely recovered in IllustrisTNG and are in direct contrast with the predictions made by Illustris. We conclude that a viable AGN feedback prescription can be achieved by a combination of preventative feedback and turbulence injection which together quench star formation in central galaxies.
The transient ultraluminous X-ray source, ULX-4, in M51
Authors: Allak S , Akyuz A , Akkaya Oralhan İ , Avdan S , Aksaker N , Vinokurov A , Soydugan F , Sonbas E , Dhuga K S 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
We present the results of a temporal and spectral analysis of the transient source ULX-4 in the galaxy M51. The data used were drawn from Chandra, XMM–Newton, and Swift-XRT archives, spanning the years 2000–2019.. The X-ray flux of the source is seen to vary by two orders of magnitudes within a month but a short-term variability was not observed over the time intervals of 100–2000 s in the 0.3–10 keV energy band. We find some evidence for the existence of bi-modality feature in the flux distribution of ULX-4. We identified two optical sources as possible counterparts within an error radius of 0${_{.}^{\prime\prime}}$18 at 95 ${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ confidence level for ULX-4 based on the archival Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/ACS and HST/WFC3 data. Blackbody fits of the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) indicate the spectral type to be B-type stars. One of these counterparts exhibits a low-amplitude optical periodicity of 264 ± 37 d in the F606W filter; if we assume this apparent periodicity is associated with the orbital motion of the donor, then it is more likely that the donor is a red supergiant satisfying the long periodicity and accretion via Roche lobe overflow. Consequently, the SED would then have to be interpreted as a superposition of emissions from a cold donor and a hot flow component, most likely from an accretion disc. If, on the other hand, the periodicity is superorbital in nature i.e. due to possible interactions of the compact object with a circumstellar disc, the donor could then be a Be/X star hosting a neutron star.
Fragmentation-induced starvation in Population III star formation: a resolution study
Authors: Prole Lewis R , Clark Paul C , Klessen Ralf S , Glover Simon C O 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
The Population III initial mass function (IMF) is currently unknown, but recent studies agree that fragmentation of primordial gas gives a broader IMF than the initially suggested singular star per halo. In this study, we introduce sink particle mergers into arepo, to perform the first resolution study for primordial star formation simulations and present the first Population III simulations to run up to densities of 10−6 g cm−3 for hundreds of years after the formation of sink particles. The total number of sinks formed increases with increasing sink particle creation density, without achieving numerical convergence. The total mass in sinks remains invariant to the maximum resolution and is safe to estimate using low-resolution studies. This results in an IMF that shifts towards lower masses with increasing resolution. Greater numbers of sinks cause increased fragmentation-induced starvation of the most massive sink, yielding lower accretion rates, masses, and ionizing photons emitted per second. The lack of convergence up to densities two orders of magnitudes higher than all relevant chemical reactions suggests that the number of sinks will continue to grow with increasing resolution until H2 is fully dissociated and the collapse becomes almost adiabatic at 10−4 g cm−3. These results imply that many Population III studies utilising sink particles have produced IMFs that have overestimated the masses of primordial stars, and underestimated the number of stars formed. In the highest resolution runs, sinks with masses capable of surviving until the present day had an ejection fraction of 0.21.
A comparative study of the physical properties for a representative sample of Narrow and Broad-line Seyfert galaxies
Authors: Jha Vivek Kumar , Chand Hum , Ojha Vineet , Omar Amitesh , Rastogi Shantanu 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a comparative study of the physical properties of a homogeneous sample of 144 Narrow line Seyfert 1 (NLSy1) and 117 Broad-line Seyfert 1 (BLSy1) galaxies. These two samples are in a similar luminosity and redshift range and have optical spectra available in the 16th data release of Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-DR16) and X-ray spectra in either XMM-NEWTON or ROSAT. Direct correlation analysis and a principal component analysis (PCA) have been performed using ten observational and physical parameters obtained by fitting the optical spectra and the soft X-ray photon indices as another parameter. We confirm that the established correlations for the general quasar population hold for both types of galaxies in this sample despite significant differences in the physical properties. We characterize the sample also using the line shape parameters, namely the asymmetry and kurtosis indices. We find that the fraction of NLSy1 galaxies showing outflow signatures, characterized by blue asymmetries, is higher by a factor of about 3 compared to the corresponding fraction in BLSy1 galaxies. The presence of high iron content in the broad-line region of NLSy1 galaxies in conjunction with higher Eddington ratios can be the possible reason behind this phenomenon. We also explore the possibility of using asymmetry in the emission lines as a tracer of outflows in the inner regions of Active Galactic Nuclei. The PCA results point to the NLSy1 and BLSy1 galaxies occupying different parameter spaces, which challenges the notion that NLSy1 galaxies are a subclass of BLSy1 galaxies.
The collapse and three-dimensional explosion of three-dimensional massive-star supernova progenitor models
Authors: Vartanyan David , Coleman Matthew S B , Burrows Adam 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
The explosion outcome and diagnostics of core-collapse supernovae depend sensitively on the nature of the stellar progenitor, but most studies to date have focused exclusively on one-dimensional, spherically symmetric massive star progenitors. We present some of the first core-collapse supernovae simulations of three-dimensional massive star supernovae progenitors, a 12.5- and a 15-M⊙ model, evolved in three dimensions from collapse to bounce through explosion with the radiation-hydrodynamic code fornax. We compare the results using those starting from three-dimensional progenitors to three-dimensional simulations of spherically symmetric, one-dimensional progenitors of the same mass. We find that the models evolved in three dimensions during the final stages of massive star evolution are more prone to explosion. The turbulence arising in these multidimensional initial models serves as seed turbulence that promotes shock revival. Detection of gravitational waves and neutrinos signals could reveal signatures of pre-bounce turbulence.
The relationship between platelet to albumin ratio and disease activity in axial spondyloarthritis patients
Authors: Huang Yukai , Deng Weiming , Pan Xia , Liu Meng , Zhong Zheng , Huang Qidang , Li Tianwang 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives
The study aims to investigate the clinical significance of platelet to albumin ratio (PAR), neutrophil to albumin ratio (NAR), and monocyte to albumin ratio (MAR) in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA).

Methods
Two hundred and ninety-seven axSpA patients and 71 healthy volunteers were recruited. AxSpA patients were divided into inactive group and active group. Spearman’s correlation, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and binary logistic regression analysis were conducted.

Results
Albumin was lower in axSpA group, while neutrophil, platelet, monocyte, NAR, PAR, and MAR were higher (p &lt; .05). Albumin was negatively correlated with BASDAI and BASFI (p &lt; .05). Platelet, NAR, PAR, MAR, ESR, and CRP were all positively correlated with BASDAI and BASFI (p &lt; .05). Albumin was lower in axSpA of active group, while platelet, NAR, PAR, MAR, ESR, and CRP were higher (p &lt; .05). ROC curve indicated that the AUC of PAR for axSpA of active group was higher than that of other variables. The optimal cut-off value of PAR was 6.354, with Youden index of 0.337, specificity of 55.4%, and sensitivity of 78.4%. Logistic regression analysis result suggested that PAR was an independent indicator for axSpA disease activity.

Conclusions
PAR had a high diagnostic value for axSpA of active group. PAR was a novel and reliable indicator for axSpA disease activity.
What is the impact of methotrexate on liver in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis? Results of liver SWE performed in a single centre
Authors: Güngörer Vildan , Öztürk Mehmet , Özlü Mustafa Yasir , Arslan Şükrü 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives
Long-term therapy with low-dose methotrexate (MTX) is widely used in treatment of rheumatic diseases, in children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate liver elasticity in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) who received MTX and compare the results with control group.

Methods
Liver elasticity was evaluated with shear wave elastography (SWE) technique in 25 patients aged 3–17 years who were followed up with JIA and received MTX and compared with 25 healthy controls of the same age and weight. Factors that had an effect on liver elasticity were examined.

Results
The mean SWE value of patients was 2.64 ± 2.13 m/s and 24.10 ± 18.50 kPa, whereas 1.83 ± 0.16 m/s and 10.09 ± 1.83 kPa in control group. There was a significant difference in liver elasticity in the patient and control groups. When the patients were evaluated as Group 1 (&lt; 1000 mg) and Group 2 (≥ 1000 mg) according to the cumulative MTX dose, no significant difference was obtained. There was positive correlation between liver elasticity and weekly MTX dose and age.

Conclusions
Our study revealed that liver elasticity significantly decreased in patients who received MTX when compared with the control group. The elastography technique will be understood better over time and used safely in many areas.
A Pragmatic Randomized Comparative Trial of e-Cigarettes and Other Nicotine Products for Quitting or Long-Term Substitution in Smokers
Authors: Morphett Kylie , Fraser Doug , Borland Ron , Hall Wayne , Walker Natalie , Bullen Chris , Gartner Coral 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Tobacco harm reduction has potential to improve individual and population health. However, little research exists on low-intensity interventions, such as encouraging longer-term NRT or e-cigarette use. We aimed to determine whether: (1) encouraging use of nicotine products as long-term tobacco substitutes is more effective for smoking abstinence than standard treatment, and (2) offering e-cigarettes is more effective than NRT.

Methods
An open-label, parallel-group randomized trial was conducted in Australia between 2014 and 2015, with 1563 adult daily smokers, randomized to: (A) standard cessation advice and NRT: advice to use NRT short-term, (B) quit or substitute advice and NRT: advice to use NRT as a longer-term substitute for smoking if required to maintain smoking cessation, or (C) Quit or substitute advice and NRT and/or e-cigarettes. Participants were offered an initial supply of products they could then purchase for up to 7 months. The primary outcome was self-reported continuous smoking abstinence at 7 months. Point prevalence, dual use, and cigarette reduction were secondary outcomes.

Results
At 7 months, 2.8% (N = 9) of group A (N = 324) were abstinent, compared with 1.8% (N = 11) in B (N = 620) and 1.3% (N = 8) in C (N = 619) (adjusted odds ratio [ORs]: B vs. A 0.66, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.27−1.63; C vs. A 0.46, 95% CI: 0.17−1.21; C vs. B 0.69, 95% CI 0.27–1.73). There were no suspected unexpected serious adverse reactions associated with trial products.

Conclusion
A free trial of NRT and first generation e-cigarettes and advice on long-term substitution was no better for smoking abstinence than usual care.

Clinical Trial Registration
The trial was registered with the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration under their Clinical Trials Notification scheme and the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12612001210864).

Implications
This pragmatic trial allowed the comparison of existing and alternative policy options under semi-realistic conditions, such as product choice and financial cost. All trial arms had low rates of smoking cessation. The findings suggest that providing unflavored cigalike e-cigarettes without additional support may not increase quitting compared with advice to use standard NRT in a general population of Australians who smoke. More intensive support and education, and/or opportunity to try a range of e-cigarette products, may be required to motivate quit attempts using e-cigarettes.
21 cm forest constraints on primordial black holes
Authors: Villanueva-Domingo Pablo , Ichiki Kiyotomo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Primordial black holes (PBHs) as part of the dark matter (DM) would modify the evolution of large-scale structures and the thermal history of the universe. Future 21 cm forest observations, sensitive to small scales and the thermal state of the intergalactic medium (IGM), could probe the existence of such PBHs. In this article, we show that the shot noise isocurvature mode on small scales induced by the presence of PBHs can enhance the amount of low-mass halos, or minihalos, and thus, the number of 21 cm absorption lines. However, if the mass of PBHs is as large as MPBH ≳ 10 $M_\odot$, with an abundant enough fraction of PBHs as DM, fPBH, the IGM heating due to accretion on to the PBHs counteracts the enhancement due to the isocurvature mode, reducing the number of absorption lines instead. The concurrence of both effects imprints distinctive signatures on the number of absorbers, allowing the abundance of PBHs to be bound. We compute the prospects for constraining PBHs with future 21 cm forest observations, finding achievable competitive upper limits on the abundance as low as fPBH ∼ 10−3 at MPBH = 100 $M_\odot$, or even lower at larger masses, in regions of the parameter space unexplored by current probes. The impact of astrophysical X-ray sources on the IGM temperature is also studied, which could potentially weaken the bounds.
Neuroimaging brain growth charts: A road to mental health
Authors: Chen Li-Zhen , Holmes Avram J , Zuo Xi-Nian , Dong Qi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Mental disorders are common health concerns and contribute to a heavy global burden on our modern society. It is challenging to identify and treat them timely. Neuroimaging evidence suggests the incidence of various psychiatric and behavioral disorders is closely related to the atypical development of brain structure and function. The identification and understanding of atypical brain development provide chances for clinicians to detect mental disorders earlier, perhaps even prior to onset, and treat them more precisely. An invaluable and necessary method in identifying and monitoring atypical brain development are growth charts of typically developing individuals in the population. The brain growth charts can offer a series of standard references on typical neurodevelopment, representing an important resource for the scientific and medical communities. In the present paper, we review the relationship between mental disorders and atypical brain development from a perspective of normative brain development by surveying the recent progress in the development of brain growth charts, including four aspects on growth chart utility: 1) cohorts, 2) measures, 3) mechanisms, and 4) clinical translations. In doing so, we seek to clarify the challenges and opportunities in charting brain growth, and to promote the application of brain growth charts in clinical practice.
Smoking history and adherence to cancer-related recommendations in a primary care setting
Authors: Zoorob Roger J , Mejia Maria C , Matas Jennifer , Wang Haijun , Salemi Jason L , Levine Robert 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Public health prevention efforts have led to overall reductions in mortality from screening-preventable cancers. We explored cancer screening behaviors of smokers, former smokers, and nonsmokers among patients of large primary care practices to discover the relationship between smoking status and previous adherence to the United States Preventive Services Task Force breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening recommendations. Our descriptive study of electronic medical record data included 6,029 established primary care patients. Multi-predictor log-binomial regression models yielded prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to determine associations between smoking status and the likelihood of nonadherence. All models were adjusted for race/ethnicity, age, insurance, primary care specialty, number of comorbidities, and sex. Smoking history was obtained from all participants in January 2020. Current smokers accounted for 4.8%, while 22.7% were former smokers, and 72.5% were never smokers. Current smokers (compared to never smokers) were 63% more likely to be mammogram nonadherent (PR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.31 to 2.02), 26% more likely to be Pap smear nonadherent (PR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.53), and 39% more likely to be colonoscopy nonadherent (PR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.16 to 1.66). Current smokers and former Powered by Editorial Manager and ProduXion Manager from Aries Systems Corporation smokers had on average 2.9 comorbidities while never smokers had on average 2.1 comorbidities. Our findings showed that current smokers experienced significantly lower rates of cancer screening compared to never smokers. Further research is needed to investigate and identify best practices for increasing cancer screening uptake in this population.