bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A homogenized cerebrospinal fluid model for diffuse optical tomography in the neonatal head
Authors: Lohrengel Stephanie , Mahmoudzadeh Mahdi , Oumri Farah , Salmon Stéphanie , Wallois Fabrice 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDiffuse optical tomography is a non‐invasive and non‐irradiating medical imaging technique that is particularly suitable for cerebral monitoring of newborns since it can be used at the bedside of the patient. Here, a new model for optical tomography in the neonatal brain is presented that takes into account the presence of arachnoid trabeculæ in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). It is known that the classical diffusion approximation (DA) for light propagation is at the limit of validity in the CSF layer due to the low values of the absorption and scattering coefficients. The new model is obtained by the DA of the homogenized radiative transfer equation and is rigorously justified. Numerical results in two and three dimensions attest for the improved sensitivity of the new model to the presence of perturbations in the brain layer.
Catecholamines in neuroblastoma: Driver of hypertension, or solely a marker of disease?
Authors: Harding Matthew , Deyell Rebecca J. , Blydt‐Hansen Tom 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundNeuroblastoma is a common solid tumor of childhood and is often associated with hypertension. Potential etiologies contributing to hypertension include renal compression, pain, volume overload, and catecholamine secretion.CasesWe completed a single center retrospective review of children with neuroblastoma and ≥stage II hypertension (per Hypertension Canada guidelines) over a 2‐year period. All patients (n = 10) had elevated urine normetanephrine levels and eight had intra‐abdominal tumors. Four patients had refractory hypertension requiring > three agents, of which three required alpha/beta blockade.ConclusionAlthough multifactorial, hypertension in neuroblastoma often has a neuroendocrine component. Excess normetanephrine production in neuroblastoma may be a more common hypertensive mechanism than previously appreciated. Urinary normetanephrine elevation could suggest potential neuroendocrine‐mediated hypertension.
Imperative role of optimization techniques to reconfigure solar photovoltaic array systems to diminish shading effects
Authors: Pachauri Rupendra Kumar 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSolar photovoltaic (PV) efficiency improvement is critical to the use of large‐scale power generation. The effects of partial shading are a major source of concern for reduced power generation and increased power loss (PL). Researchers explored an extensive way to resolve the shading issue using the metaheuristic approach for the reconfiguration of PV arrays. In this perspective, a detailed review of metaheuristic approaches involved in PV array reconfiguration solutions to provide improved performance. Furthermore, all metaheuristic approaches are classified as (i) evolutionary, (ii) trajectory, (iii) art inspired, (iv) ancient inspired, and (v) nature inspired. The evolutionary and nature‐inspired metaheuristic approaches are used in the application of PV array reconfiguration and are critically studied in terms of ease of implementation of global power maxima under partial shading conditions (PSCs). In this present paper, an experimental study validates the MATLAB/Simulink results investigated under shading scenario for conventional total‐cross‐tied (TCT) and maximum–minimum tier equalization swapping (MMTES) metaheuristic technique‐based PV array configurations. The obtained results in terms of percentage of power gain are 11.88% and 11.52% with respect to TCT in MATLAB/Simulink and experimental studies. Further, this study assesses the potential of each algorithm by comparing it with well‐established procedures involved in PV array reconfiguration. This paper examines an important review on the types and nature of objective functions, figure of merits, pros and cons, challenges, and future research opportunities.
The Coulter Principle: A history
Authors: Graham Marshall Don. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA historical description of Wallace H. Coulter's invention and development of his companies' instrumentation for analysis of blood cells or particles has never been available, and too often, this void has been addressed by conjectural or promotional publications. A history thesis, based on the author's access to Coulter's personal papers and to files kept by his father, Joseph R. Coulter, Sr., has recently become available; for the first time Coulter's developmental process is factually detailed against the historical context in which it occurred. This paper is an introductory overview of that developmental process as discussed therein. It should be of interest to not only the ISAC membership, but to Cytometry's broader readership as well.
Design of a novel degree load‐balanced and fuzzy ant colony optimization protocol for optimizing the clustering architecture in WSN
Authors: Juneja Kapil 
Published: October 2021

SummaryA sensor network is a situation‐based critical network defined under certain restrictions and constraints. The clustered architecture is defined over these networks to utilize the criticality vectors and to improve network communication. In this paper, a degree load‐balanced and fuzzy‐ACO (DLB‐fACO) protocol is proposed for optimizing the clustered architecture. In this architecture, the load analysis is performed while forming the clusters. The cluster head selection is performed based on energy, cluster density, and probability vector. The node degree‐ and energy‐balanced analysis is performed for identifying the cluster members. Once the clusters are formed, the ACO approach is applied to perform the cluster‐based hierarchical routing. Communication is performed at two levels. In the first level, node‐to‐cluster head communication is performed by considering energy and degree consideration. In the second level, the fuzzy‐integrated ACO method is applied for inter‐cluster route formation. The route optimization is here performed under fuzzy‐based energy, degree, and distance parameters. These fuzzy parameters are evaluated within the ACO algorithm for generating the optimized route. The proposed load‐balanced protocol is analyzed against the LEACH, LEACH‐C, LEACH‐CC, M‐LEACH, Fuzzy‐PSO, Fuzzy‐ACO, Fuzzy‐Cuckoo, and FMCB‐ER protocols. The experimentation results confirm the significant gain in network lifetime and packet communication. The cluster count, clustering switching, and communication failure are also reduced in comparison with existing conventional and optimized protocols.
Extreme pre‐fire drought decreases shrub regeneration on fertile soils
Authors: Werner Chhaya M. , Harrison Susan P. , Safford Hugh D. , Bohlman Gabrielle N. , Serata Rebecca 
Published: October 2021

AbstractExtreme drought and increasing temperatures can decrease the resilience of plant communities to fires. Not only may extremely dry conditions during or after fires lead to higher plant mortality and poorer recruitment, but severe pre‐fire droughts may reduce the seed production and belowground vigor that are essential to post‐fire plant recovery, and may indirectly facilitate invasion. We studied survival, recruitment, and growth of shrubs and herbs in chaparral (shrubland) communities in Northern California after a 2015 fire that immediately followed California’s extreme 3‐yr drought. We followed the same protocols used to study similar, adjacent communities after a 1999 fire that did not follow a drought, and we compared the two recovery trajectories. Overall, the 2015 fire was not more severe than the 1999 fire, yet it caused higher mortality and lower growth of resprouting shrubs on fertile (sandstone) soils. In contrast, the 2015 fire did not affect the mortality or growth of resprouting shrubs on infertile (serpentine) soils, the density of shrub seedlings, or the richness or cover of native herbs differently than the 1999 fire. However, the 2015 fire facilitated a massive increase in exotic herbaceous cover, especially on fertile soils, possibly portending the early stages of a type conversion to exotic‐dominated grassland. Our findings indicate that the consequences of climate change on fire‐dependent communities will include effects of pre‐fire as well as post‐fire climate, and that resprouting shrubs are particularly likely to be sensitive to pre‐fire drought.
Ten‐year trends reveal declining quality of seeded pollinator habitat on reclaimed mines regardless of seed mix diversity
Authors: Lybbert Andrew H. , Cusser Sarah J. , Hung Keng‐Lou James , Goodell Karen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPlant–pollinator interactions represent a crucial ecosystem function threatened by anthropogenic landscape changes. Disturbances that reduce plant diversity are associated with floral resource and pollinator declines. Establishing wildflower plantings is a major conservation strategy targeting pollinators, the success of which depends on long‐term persistence of seeded floral communities. However, most pollinator‐oriented seeding projects are monitored for a few years, making it difficult to evaluate the longevity of such interventions. Selecting plant species to provide pollinators diverse arrays of floral resources throughout their activity season is often limited by budgetary constraints and other conservation priorities. To evaluate the long‐term persistence of prairie vegetation seeded to support pollinators, we sowed wildflower seed mixes into plots on a degraded reclaimed strip‐mine landscape in central Ohio, USA. We examined how pollinator habitat quality, measured as floral abundance and diversity, changed over 10 years (2009–2019) in the absence of management, over the course of the blooming season within each year, and across three seed mixes containing different numbers and combinations of flowering plant species. Seeded species floral abundance declined by more than 75% over the study, with the largest decline occurring between the fifth and seventh summers. Native and non‐native adventive flowering plants quickly colonized the plots and represented >50% of floral community abundances on average. Floral richness remained relatively constant throughout the study, with a small peak one year after plot establishment. Plots seeded with High‐Diversity Mixes averaged two or three more species per plot compared with a Low‐Diversity Mix, despite having been seeded with twice as many plant species. Within years, the abundance and diversity of seeded species were lowest early in the blooming season and increased monotonically from June to August. Adventive species exhibited the opposite trend, such that complementary abundance patterns of seeded and adventive species blooms resulted in a relatively constant floral abundance across the growing season. Seeded plant communities followed classic successional patterns in which annual species quickly established and flowered but were replaced by perennial species after the first few summers. Long‐term data on establishment and persistence of flower species can guide species selection for future‐oriented pollinator habitat restorations.
The magnitude, direction, and tempo of forest change in Greater Yellowstone in a warmer world with more fire
Authors: Turner Monica G. , Braziunas Kristin H. , Hansen Winslow D. , Hoecker Tyler J. , Rammer Werner , Ratajczak Zak , Westerling A. Leroy , Seidl Rupert 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs temperatures continue rising, the direction, magnitude, and tempo of change in disturbance‐prone forests remain unresolved. Even forests long resilient to stand‐replacing fire face uncertain futures, and efforts to project changes in forest structure and composition are sorely needed to anticipate future forest trajectories. We simulated fire (incorporating fuels feedbacks) and forest dynamics on five landscapes spanning the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) to ask the following questions: (1) How and where are forest landscapes likely to change with 21st‐century warming and fire activity? (2) Are future forest changes gradual or abrupt, and do forest attributes change synchronously or sequentially? (3) Can forest declines be averted by mid‐21st‐century stabilization of atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations? We used the spatially explicit individual‐based forest model iLand to track multiple attributes (forest extent, stand age, tree density, basal area, aboveground carbon stocks, dominant forest types, species occupancy) through 2100 for six climate scenarios. Hot‐dry climate scenarios led to more fire, but stand‐replacing fire peaked in mid‐century and then declined even as annual area burned continued to rise. Where forest cover persisted, previously dense forests were converted to sparse young woodlands. Increased aridity and fire drove a ratchet of successive abrupt declines (i.e., multiple annual landscape‐level changes ≥20%) in tree density, basal area, and extent of older (>150 yr) forests, whereas declines in carbon stocks and mean stand age were always gradual. Forest changes were asynchronous across landscapes, but declines in stand structure always preceded reductions in forest extent and carbon stocks. Forest decline was most likely in less topographically complex landscapes dominated by fire‐sensitive tree species (Picea engelmannii, Abies lasiocarpa, Pinus contorta var. latifolia) and where fire resisters (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca) were not already prevalent. If current GHG emissions continue unabated (RCP 8.5) and aridity increases, a suite of forest changes would transform the GYE, with cascading effects on biodiversity and myriad ecosystem services. However, stabilizing GHG concentrations by mid‐century (RCP 4.5) would slow the ratchet, moderating fire activity and dampening the magnitude and rate of forest change. Monitoring changes in forest structure may serve as an operational early warning indicator of impending forest decline.
Determinants of the survival benefit associated with statins in patients with acute heart failure
Authors: Park Chan Soon , Hwang In‐Chang , Park Jin Joo , Park Jae‐Hyeong , Park Jun‐Bean , Cho Goo‐Yeong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsThe benefit of statins in patients with heart failure (HF) remains controversial and the mechanism of action is largely speculative. We investigated the determinants of the survival benefit associated with statins in HF patients.Methods and resultsWe enrolled 1680 acute HF patients receiving statins and 2157 patients not receiving statins admitted between 2009 and 2016. The left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) was assessed as a measure of myocardial contractility. The primary outcome was 5 year all‐cause mortality. Statin therapy was independently associated with improved survival in patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.781, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.621–0.981, P = 0.034], but not in those with HF with reduced EF (HFrEF) (adjusted HR 0.881, 95% CI 0.712–1.090, P = 0.244). Mortality reduction associated with statin therapy was significant in patients with ischaemic HF (adjusted HR 0.775, 95% CI 0.607–0.989, P = 0.040), but not in those with non‐ischaemic HF (adjusted HR 0.895, 95% CI 0.734–1.092, P = 0.275). The relative magnitude of survival benefit with statin therapy increased as LV‐EF and LV‐GLS increased, with a steeper dose–response relationship in patients with ischaemic HF. In the subgroup of patients with ischaemic HF, survival benefit with statin therapy was confined to those ≤75 years of age.ConclusionsOur study suggests that the survival benefit of statins is confined to patients with HFpEF and those with ischaemic HF. Myocardial contractility may modulate the prognostic effects of statins in HF patients, particularly when the aetiology is ischaemic rather than non‐ischaemic.
Stress cardiomyopathy in hospitalized patients with cancer: machine learning analysis by primary malignancy type
Authors: Javaid Awad I. , Monlezun Dominique J. , Iliescu Gloria , Tran Phi , Filipescu Alexandru , Palaskas Nicolas , Lopez‐Mattei Juan , Hassan Saamir , Kim Peter , Madjid Mohammad , Cilingiroglu Mehmet , Charitakis Konstantinos , Marmagkiolis Konstantinos , Iliescu Cezar , Koutroumpakis Efstratios 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsPrevious studies have shown that patients with stress (Takotsubo) cardiomyopathy (SC) and cancer have higher in‐hospital mortality than patients with SC alone. No studies have examined outcomes in patients with active cancer and SC compared to patients with active cancer without SC. We aimed to assess the potential association between primary malignancy type and SC and their shared interaction with inpatient mortality.Methods and resultsWe analysed SC by primary malignancy type with propensity score adjusted multivariable regression and machine learning analysis using the 2016 United States National Inpatient Sample. Of 30 195 722 adult hospitalized patients, 4 719 591 had active cancer, of whom 568 239 had SC. The mean age of patients with cancer and SC was 69.1, of which 74.7% were women. Among patients with cancer, those with SC were more likely to be female and have white race, Medicare insurance, hypertension, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, obesity, cerebrovascular disease, anaemia, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (P < 0.003 for all). In machine learning‐augmented, propensity score multivariable regression adjusted for age, race, and income, only lung cancer [OR 1.25; 95% CI: 1.08–1.46; P = 0.003] and breast cancer [OR 1.81; 95% CI: 1.62–2.02; P < 0.001] were associated with a significantly increased likelihood of SC. Neither SC alone nor having both SC and cancer was significantly associated with in‐hospital mortality. The presence of concomitant SC and breast cancer was significantly associated with reduced mortality (OR 0.48; 95% CI: 0.25–0.94; P = 0.032).ConclusionsThis analysis demonstrates that primary malignancy type influences the likelihood of developing SC. Further studies will be necessary to delineate characteristics in patients with lung cancer and breast cancer which contribute to development of SC. Additional investigation should confirm lower mortality in patients with SC and breast cancer and determine possible explanations and protective factors.
COVID‐19 vaccination in patients with heart failure: a position paper of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology
Authors: Rosano Giuseppe , Jankowska Ewa A. , Ray Robin , Metra Marco , Abdelhamid Magdy , Adamopoulos Stamatis , Anker Stefan D. , Bayes‐Genis Antoni , Belenkov Yury , Ben Gal Tuvia , Böhm Michael , Chioncel Ovidiu , Cohen‐Solal Alain , Farmakis Dimitrios , Filippatos Gerasimos , González Arantxa , Gustafsson Finn , Hill Loreena , Jaarsma Tiny , Jouhra Fadi , Lainscak Mitja , Lambrinou Ekaterini , Lopatin Yury , Lund Lars H. , Milicic Davor , Moura Brenda , Mullens Wilfried , Piepoli Massimo F. , Ponikowski Piotr , Rakisheva Amina , Ristic Arsen , Savarese Gianluigi , Seferovic Petar , Senni Michele , Thum Thomas , Tocchetti Carlo G. , Van Linthout Sophie , Volterrani Maurizio , Coats Andrew J.S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPatients with heart failure (HF) who contract SARS‐CoV‐2 infection are at a higher risk of cardiovascular and non‐cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Regardless of therapeutic attempts in COVID‐19, vaccination remains the most promising global approach at present for controlling this disease. There are several concerns and misconceptions regarding the clinical indications, optimal mode of delivery, safety and efficacy of COVID‐19 vaccines for patients with HF. This document provides guidance to all healthcare professionals regarding the implementation of a COVID‐19 vaccination scheme in patients with HF. COVID‐19 vaccination is indicated in all patients with HF, including those who are immunocompromised (e.g. after heart transplantation receiving immunosuppressive therapy) and with frailty syndrome. It is preferable to vaccinate against COVID‐19 patients with HF in an optimal clinical state, which would include clinical stability, adequate hydration and nutrition, optimized treatment of HF and other comorbidities (including iron deficiency), but corrective measures should not be allowed to delay vaccination. Patients with HF who have been vaccinated against COVID‐19 need to continue precautionary measures, including the use of facemasks, hand hygiene and social distancing. Knowledge on strategies preventing SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (including the COVID‐19 vaccination) should be included in the comprehensive educational programmes delivered to patients with HF.
Monocytes mediate Salmonella Typhimurium‐induced tumor growth inhibition in a mouse melanoma model
Authors: Johnson Síle A. , Ormsby Michael J. , Wessel Hannah M. , Hulme Heather E. , Bravo‐Blas Alberto , McIntosh Anne , Mason Susan , Coffelt Seth B. , Tait Stephen W.G. , Mowat Allan McI. , Milling Simon W.F. , Blyth Karen , Wall Daniel M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe use of bacteria as an alternative cancer therapy has been reinvestigated in recent years. SL7207: an auxotrophic Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium aroA mutant with immune‐stimulatory potential has proven a promising strain for this purpose. Here, we show that systemic administration of SL7207 induces melanoma tumor growth arrest in vivo, with greater survival of the SL7207‐treated group compared to control PBS‐treated mice. Administration of SL7207 is accompanied by a change in the immune phenotype of the tumor‐infiltrating cells toward pro‐inflammatory, with expression of the TH1 cytokines IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, and IL‐12 significantly increased. Interestingly, Ly6C+MHCII+ monocytes were recruited to the tumors following SL7207 treatment and were pro‐inflammatory. Accordingly, the abrogation of these infiltrating monocytes using clodronate liposomes prevented SL7207‐induced tumor growth inhibition. These data demonstrate a previously unappreciated role for infiltrating inflammatory monocytes underlying bacterial‐mediated tumor growth inhibition. This information highlights a possible novel role for monocytes in controlling tumor growth, contributing to our understanding of the immune responses required for successful immunotherapy of cancer.