bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Fatalities Associated With Over-the-Counter Cough and Cold Medications
Authors: Halmo Laurie Seidel , Wang George Sam , Reynolds Kate M. , Delva-Clark Heather , Rapp-Olsson Malin , Banner William , Bond G. Randall , Kauffman Ralph E. , Palmer Robert B. , Paul Ian M. , Green Jody L. , Dart Richard C. 
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVESIn 2008, over-the-counter cough and cold medications (CCMs) underwent labeling changes in response to safety concerns, including fatalities, reported in children exposed to CCMs. The objective of this study is to describe fatalities associated with exposures to CCMs in children &lt;12 years old that were detected by a safety surveillance system from 2008 to 2016.METHODSFatalities in children &lt;12 years old that occurred between 2008 and 2016 associated with oral exposure to one or more CCMs were identified by the Pediatric Cough and Cold Safety Surveillance System. An expert panel reviewed all cases to determine the causal relationship between the exposure and death, if the intent of exposure was therapeutic, and if the dose was supratherapeutic. Other contributing factors related to the child’s death were also identified as part of a root cause analysis.RESULTSOf the 180 eligible fatalities captured during the study period, 40 were judged by the expert panel to be either related or potentially related to the CCM. Of these, the majority (n = 24; 60.0%) occurred in children &lt;2 years old and involved nontherapeutic intent (n = 22; 55.0%). The most frequently involved index ingredient was diphenhydramine (n = 28; 70.0%). In 6 cases (n = 6; 15.0%), the CCM was administered to murder the child. In another 7 cases (n = 7; 17.5%), death followed the intentional use of the CCM to sedate the child.CONCLUSIONSPediatric fatalities associated with CCMs occurred primarily in young children after deliberate medication administration with nontherapeutic intent by a caregiver.
Effects of climate change and its impact on some variables that influence the quality of life of populations in Latin America
Authors: Garcia-Mogollón Ana Milena , Malagón-Sáenz Elizabeth , Garcia-Pacheco Nancy Patricia , Garcia-Mogollón Javier Mauricio 
Published: October 2021

This article provides a bibliographic review of the effects of climate change on various currently prevailing topics deemed critical. Humanity faces enormous challenges in the areas of agricultural production, food security, sustainable development, the environment, and their relationships and impact on poverty.
It is essential to adapt the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in Latin American and Caribbean countries in order to fulfill proactive actions for attaining the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Each Country must develop its own solutions according to the best interests of their citizens and country.
A review of topics including climate change and its affiliation with social progress indexes, unemployment, intensity of deprivation, and indicators of sustainable development are key to inspiring companies to adopt good corporate social responsibility practices. A longitudinal design was applied to the non-experimental research in order to examine changes throughout time over populations of people living in LAC countries. An analysis of the changes that occurred to populations over time was divided into three sections.
Construction and validation of a preterm birth risk assessment model using fuzzy analytic hierarchy process
Authors: Barbounaki Stavroula , Sarantaki Antigoni 
Published: October 2021

Preterm births account for almost 1 million deaths globally. The objective of this study is to develop and evaluate a model that assists clinicians in assessing the risk of preterm birth, using fuzzy multicriteria analysis. The model allows experts to incorporate their intuition and judgment into the decision-making process and takes into consideration six (6) risk dimensions reflecting the socio-economic, behavioural and medical profile of pregnant women, thus adopting a holistic approach to risk assessment. Each risk dimension is further analysed and measured in terms of risk factors associated with it.
Data was collected from a selected group of 35 experts, each one with more than 20 years of obstetric experience. The model criteria were selected after a thorough literature analysis, so as to ensure a holistic approach to risk assessment. The criteria were reviewed by the experts and the model structure was finalised. The fuzzy analytic hierarchy method was applied to calculate the relative importance of each criterion and subsequent use of the model in assessing and ranking pregnant women by their preterm risk. The proposed model utilises fuzzy logic and multicriteria analysis. It addresses the multifactorial nature of decision making when assessing the preterm birth risk. It also incorporates the obstetricians’ intuitive judgement during risk assessment and it can be used to classify cases based upon their risk level. Additionally, it can be applied to evaluate the risk of individual cases in a personalised manner. The proposed model is compared and validated for its predictive value against judgments made by experts.
Simulation: Early Detection of Brain Vessels Stroke by Applying Electromagnetic Waves Non-Invasively
Authors: El-Shahat Ahmed , M Ashraf. , A Waleed. , Sayed K. 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Early recognition of stroke with its two types Ischemic and Hemorrhagic, is one of the most crucial research points, commonly used methods are CT- (computerized tomography), and MRI- (Magnetic resonance imaging). These techniques cause a delay in the detection of the condition, which causes permanent disability. The main reason behind the fatal consequences of stroke is the delay of detection. Therefore, this research paper aims to early detection of the type of stroke without delay until the appropriate diagnosis of each type is made, and then the appropriate treatment without delay.
Method: Using a non-invasive and fast technique to determine the stroke type by wave, we simulate and design a vessel containing a liquid as a laminar flow with the same density and velocity of blood, and it was surrounded by a Homogenized multi-turn coil consisting of (n) turns to represent the magnetic field, using specific frequency (HZ) with Electrical field in coil current (A) to see the changing in magnetic flux density (MFD), Depending on the changes in MFD, the flow of blood in laminar flow can be affected by clotting (Ischemic) or Hemorrhagic (cutting) in our vessel designed. We have built three different scenarios to apply the technique which are: First: Normal Scenario (where the blood in vessel has no problem), second: clotting (ischemic, where the vessel blocked in specific three position) and Third: Cutting (Hemorrhagic, where the vessel cut in certain nine positions).
Results: This paper presents-through our own design-the studying of applying the electromagnetic waves on blood inside the vessel to detect the stroke type in our three scenarios (normal, ischemic three positions or hemorrhagic nine positions), Studying the magnetic field and laminar flow. This study covered in three areas. First: coil geometry analysis, Second: stationary, and Third: frequency domain. through the changes in Magnetic Flux Density -MFD- waves. The results were promising and distinct for distinguishing between the three scenarios which are normal, ischemic (3 positions) and hemorrhagic (9 positions) the results of MFD are: 0.09 to 3.3*10^-3, 0.08 to 3.15*10^-4, 0.15 to 6.2*10^-3 respectively.
Discussion on the Properties of Relevance, Admissibility and Reliability of Criminal Procedural Evidence
Authors: Kornakova S. V. 
Published: October 2021

The paper analyzes the legislative definition of criminal procedural evidence. The author gives critical assessment of replacement of the phrase “any factual data” from the Criminal Procedure Code of the RSFSR with the phrase “any information” in the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation. The wording under consideration gave rise to the possibility for some authors to conclude that the law does not indicate the factual nature of information claiming the status of evidence. The main attention is paid to the question of the necessary properties of proofs. The paper points to the erroneous perception by some researchers of the content of Art. 88 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation, which manifests itself in endowing the properties of relevance, admissibility and reliability with the status of criteria for evaluating evidence. According to the author, relevance, admissibility and reliability are not criteria for evaluating evidence, but information obtained in the course of proving for the possibility of using it as evidence. The criteria for evaluating the evidence are specified in Part 1 of Art. 17 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation—the law and the conscience of an authorized person who evaluates evidence according to his inner conviction. In contrast to the opinion of researchers who believe that the necessary properties of evidence include only relevance and admissibility, the author argues that each evidence must also have the property of reliability. Only in the presence of the entire set of necessary properties, the information obtained in the course of proving can be endowed with the status of evidence.The author demonstrates that each of the necessary properties of a proof has an independent content and meaning. Therefore, their confusion is unacceptable. It is concluded that relevance, admissibility and reliability should form the basis for all procedural decisions concerning evidence. According to the author, a clear understanding of the content of these properties would be facilitated by the consolidation of the definitions of these categories in the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation. It is also advisable to edit Part 1 of Art. 74 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation by means of defining the concept for criminal procedural evidence as "any factual information" and indicating the purpose of obtaining them as "for the correct resolution of the case".
The Role of Social Marketing in Community Health Improvement: A Mixed Approach
Authors: Rezazadeh Ameneh , Fattahi Majid , Ghaffari Rahman 
Published: October 2021

Background and Purpose: Social marketing (SM) is a fitting strategy in world health that is aimed to ensure attitude correction in the community, laying the foundation for the behavioral changes resulting in health promotion in the community. The purpose of this research was to explain the role of social marketing in promoting community health.
Methods: This was applied research conducted through a descriptive survey. For data gathering, a mixed quantitative/qualitative approach was adopted. The statistical population included the youth under 25 years old who smoked cigarettes in Mazandaran Province. Based on the Cochran formula, a sample consisting of 385 respondents was formed, and the individual members of it were selected using proportionate random sampling. The data on social marketing mix and normative system were collected using the questionnaires constructed by Pang and Kubacki [1] and Issock et al. [2], respectively. The data on advertisement were collected using the questionnaire constructed by Dunn and Nisbett [3]. Data analysis was performed in PLS Software using Structural Equation Modeling.
Result: The result indicated that the messenger’s features influenced the user perception of social marketing and had a positive effect on the user normative system. Further, the results suggested that the user normative system affected their perception of social marketing.
Conclusion: It was concluded that marketing practitioners can manipulate consumer perception of social marketing by shaping ethical norms.
​The Success Indicators of a Dairy Farming Cluster in Indonesia: A Case in Malang Regency of East Java Province
Authors: . Sutawi , Prihartini I. , Zalizar L. , Wahyudi A. , Hendraningsih L. 
Published: October 2021

Background: The success of a dairy farming business was not only determined by technical and economic factors, but also by competitiveness factors. One way to strengthen competitiveness was the management of cluster-based dairy farming areas. Agricultural cluster was greatly significant in promoting regional economic growth, enhancing the rural competitive strength, advancing the specialization of agriculture production and increasing the incomes of the farmers. Methods: Survey research was conducted to identify success indicators of the dairy farming cluster in the Malang Regency. Respondents were 42 farmers members of the “Rukun Tani 2” farmer groups who were selected purposively. The data were analyzed descriptively on the indicators that determine the success of the development of dairy farming clusters in the Malang Regency. Result: The dairy farming cluster in Malang Regency has 17 cluster success indicators consisting of three key factors (networking and partnerships, strong competence and expertise and a strong innovation base), four basic factors (competition, entrepreneurial culture, social capital and infrastructure) and ten smoothing factors (proximity to suppliers, market access, access to information, access to financial resources, access to specialist services, access to supporting services, the existence of big companies, specialties, leadership and shared vision and government policies).
Pemahaman Orang Tua Mengenai Gizi Seimbang pada Anak Usia 4-5 Tahun
Authors: Siti Maulani  , Fanny Rizkiyani  , Sari Dianti Yunia 
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemahaman orang tua siswa taman kanak-kanak tentang gizi seimbang, Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survey menggunakan angket . Teknik pengambilan sampling dengan metode purposive sampling, yaitu orang tua yang menyekolahkan anaknya di taman kanak-kanak kelompok A (4-5 tahun). Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa pada umumnya orang tua siswa memiliki pemahaman yang merata mengenai gizi seimbang. Pengetahuan gizi seimbang yang dimiliki orang tua menguraikan sikap orang tua terhadap perilaku mengkonsumsi gizi seimbang yang belum sepenuhnya diwujudkan, kemudian norma subjektif setuju maupun tidak setuju yang diyakini oleh orang tua terkait dengan perilaku tersebut , dan persepsi orang tua terhadap kontrol yang dimiliki mereka terkait dengan perilaku mengonsumsi gizi seimbang dipengaruhi oleh factor kebiasaan makan, pengetahuan gizi yang belum seimbang dengan aplikasinya dan pemilihan makan yang disesuaikan dengan kondisi material dan immaterial dari setiap orang tua siswa tersebut.
Pendampingan Pola Hidup Bersih Dan Sehat (PHBS) Untuk Menekan Angka Kejadian Covid-19 Pada Kader Wilayah Puskesmas Nguter Sukoharjo.
Authors: Marufah Siti , Wijayanti Lilik , Sari Yulia , Susanti Widia , Setyawan Sigit , Haryati Sri , S Endang Listyaningsih , Purnomo Sugeng 
Published: October 2021

<p><strong>Pendahuluan :</strong>Sejak wabah pertama dilaporkan di Wuhan, Cina pada Desember 2019<sup>1</sup> virus corona (COVID-19) dengan cepat menjadi perhatian global. WHO menyatakan wabah virus sebagai pandemi pada 11 Maret 2020. Saat ini lebih dari 100 juta orang telah terinfeksi COVID-19, dengan lebih dari dua juta kematian di seluruh dunia<sup>2</sup>. Data covid-19 di Indonesia lebih dari 1 juta ditahun 2021 dengan angka kematian diangka 25.000 orang . Kabupaten sukoharjo, merupakan salah satu kabupaten yang menyumbangkan pasien covid-19 dengan jumlah saat ini mencapai lebih dari 4300 orang (corona kab sukoharjo, 2021). Dalam upaya untuk memperlambat laju infeksi dan kematian, pemerintah di kabupaten sukoharjo telah membentuk tim “Sukoharjo tanggap COVID-19” yang bertugas untuk membagikan 34.500 masker ke masyarakat, penutupan tempat makan, fasilitasi tempat cuci tangan di pasar, Pengadaan rumah sehat Covid-19, tim posko covid-19 siaga 24 jam, penundaan pelayanan langsung pemerintahan dan pembatalan hajatan masyarakat. Walaupun pemerintah sangat tanggap dalam upaya pencegahan covid-19 ini, tapi untuk sosialisasi dan pendampingan langsung kepada keluarga belum maksimal, yaitu pada kepatuhan berperilaku hidup bersih dan sehat (PHBS), juga termasuk protocol kesehatan pencegahan covid. Kita ketahui bahwa keluarga merupakan faktor terdekat dalam penularan covid, sehingga menunjukan pentingnya keluarga sebagai fokus dalam pencegahan penyebaran Covid-19.</p><p><strong>Metode:</strong> Pengabdian ini akan dilakukan dengan memberikan intervensi berupa pemdampingan dengan pemberian edukasi dan monitoring tentang perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat (PHBS) guna pencegahan Covids-19 di wilayah puskesmas Bendosari, Sukoharjo. Perilaku hidup sehat ini juga meliputi kepatuhan penggunaan menggunakan masker, jaga jarak dan mencuci tangan.</p><p><strong>Hasil dan pembahasan:</strong> Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dihadiri oleh 47 kader dengan protokol kesehatan yang ketat. Selama kegiatan berlangsung, kader sangat antusias dalam menyimak edukasi yang ditampilkan dalam bentuk presentasi power point, mereka juga interaktif dalam berdiskusi. Berdasarkan hasil pengabdian, terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan menjadi 63, dengan terlihat hampir 85% peserta pada materi PHBS dan Protokol kesehatan memiliki pengetahuan yang sangat baik. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa pengabdian yang dilaksanakan efektif dan sesuai dengan data sebelumnya bahwa Promosi kesehatan dalam bentuk penyuluhan secara terus menerus dapat memberikan pengaruh terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap PHBS.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Kesimpulan:</strong> Pelaksanaan pengabdian berjalan dengan efektif dengan peningkatan pengetahuan tentang Covid-19, PHBS dan Protokol kesehatan dalam rangka menekan angka penyebaran covid-19.</p><p><strong>Kata kunci : Pendampingan, covid-19, PHBS.</strong></p>
Viscous Crude Oil Production Facilitated by Flow Improver Technology: A Holistic Chemical Approach with Successful Field Application
Authors: McRae James Alexander , Covarrubias Rosas Bianca Daniela 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper describes the approach taken to evaluate and successfully treat flow assurance challenges associated to high viscosity produced fluids in an oil producing field, offshore Gulf of Mexico.
The first section of the paper outlines primary evaluation criteria: discussing base line modeling of crude oil characteristics at various points of the production system, laboratory analyses, detailed explanation of the chemistries considered for reducing the viscosity, and the strategy to remediate multiple flow assurance challenges with subsequent performance testing. The second section presents field trial data from the application of the selected flow improver and its longer-term performance.
Initial evaluation of high viscosity was required due to deposition of asphaltene, high levels of emulsion, increased pressure and resultant decrease in production All of these production issues caused increased spending on fluids treatment in a field that is mature and becoming more marginal to produce. Initial analysis of the produced fluid did not result in an immediate, clear approach to address the concern, without considering the multiple factors that can contribute to flow assurance challenges. Organic deposition, such as waxes and asphaltenes, were found to increase fluid viscosity and worsen highly stabilized emulsions. Crude oil/water emulsions also cause increased viscosity and needed to be addressed as part of any holistic solution. Each issue was studied and experimented on its own and in combination to ensure there was no reductive effect in a final chemical application that needed to treat them all.
Successful field application of the selected flow improver technology exceeded the performance at laboratory scale achieving over 30% reduction in total fluid viscosity over long-term field deployment with associated benefits to the offshore operator which will be elaborated further in this paper. As an outcome of this field trial, this paper also presents a proposed generic approach in devising chemical solutions for treatment of high viscosity fluids.
Predicting Dysfunction Vibration Events while Drilling Using LSTM Recurrent Neural Networks
Authors: Vishnumolakala Narendra , Murphy Dean Michael , Nguyen Thu , Losoya Enrique Zarate , Kesireddy Vivekvardhan Reddy , Gildin Eduardo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The objective of the study is to build a robust Recurrent Neural Network system using Long-Short-Term-Memory (LSTM) to predict future vibrations during drilling operations. This provides a reliable solution to the complex problem of modeling several forms of vibrations encountered downhole. This accurate prediction system can be readily integrated into advisory/warning systems giving drillers the potential to save time, improve safety, and increase efficiency in drilling operations. High-frequency downhole drilling data onshore fields, obtained from a major O&G service provider, was used to train and validate the models. First, multiple classification algorithms such as Logistic Regression, KNN, Decision Trees, Random Forest were utilized to identify the presence and severity of Stickslip, Whirl, and other drill-string vibrations. LSTM-RNN was then used instead of traditional RNN intended for sequential data, to resolve the vanishing gradient problem. LSTM-RNN architecture was built to predict vibrations a)10 seconds and b) 30 seconds into the future. Results of the traditional classification models confirmed the hypothesis that dysfunctions can be successfully identified based on real-time downhole drilling data. 98% accuracy was obtained in successfully identifying torsional vibrations during drilling. A total of 101 parameters including measured and derived variables are available in the dataset. Modeling was performed with 14 features and vibrations were predicted. The RNN model was trained on data from multiple wells that encountered vibrations during drilling. The models were able to predict vibrations 10 seconds into the future with an MSE of 0.02 and 30 seconds into the future with reasonable accuracy and MSE of 0.10. Avoiding excessive vibrations will result in fewer trips by increasing longevity and reducing malfunctions of downhole electronics, the drill-string, and the BHA. Reduced NPT means drilling complex wells efficiently in less time which in turn directly translates to lower costs for the company. In addition to significant cost benefits, automated technology predicting anomalies and reacting in real-time translates to improved safety because it would now require fewer operators at risk on the rig floor. The work opens up avenues for a sophisticated advisory/warning system and effective ‘look-ahead’ drilling processes in the future.