bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk stratification and goal of systemic therapy for successful surgical management of colorectal liver metastases: Oncological optimization
Authors: Shindoh Junichi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFor patients with stage IV colorectal cancer (CRC), curative‐intent surgery has actively been performed for expecting prolonged survival outcomes. However, because the population with stage IV CRC is considerably heterogeneous, optimal selection of surgical candidate is inevitable to maximize survival outcomes. In the era of effective chemotherapy, there is an increasing need for a strategic use of chemotherapy as a part of multidisciplinary treatment to expand surgical indications and enhance the clinical outcomes. However, since the fate of each patient is difficult to predict at initial presentation, our clinical practice is rather “tailored”, considering the anatomy, oncological behavior of tumor, response to chemotherapy, and patient's physical status. Given that surgery is the only treatment option for expecting cure of colorectal liver metastases (CLM), the main purpose of chemotherapy for potentially/marginally resectable disease is to clarify the likelihood of surgical benefit through testing the behavior of the tumor and to select an appropriate candidate for surgery. This process of clinical decision is actually optimization of the initial population for surgery through the optimization of treatment for each patient. In this article, theoretical bases of multidisciplinary management for CLM were revisited and the concept of “oncological optimization” underling our clinical decision was discussed.
Initiation of a Night Float System in an Otolaryngology Residency: Resident Perception and Impact on Operative Volume
Authors: Hamill Chelsea S. , Cabrera Claudia I , Murthy Henna , Mowry Sarah , Maronian Nicole , Tamaki Akina 
Published: April 2021

ObjectivesEvaluate resident perception on implementation of a night float (NF) system to an otolaryngology residency program. We compared these perceptions to Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) case log data.MethodsA retrospective anonymous survey was sent to residents and alumni graduating between 2015 and 2023. Deidentified ACGME case log information was then examined for key indicator (KI) cases from post graduate year (PGY) 2 and PGY5.ResultsThirty (93.8%) residents and alumni responded. Residents with NF answered more positively compared to those without NF on following duty hour violations: 80‐hour work week, 1‐in‐7 days off, 1 call every 3 days, adequate time between shifts, and allotted time after a 24‐hour shift. Residents most commonly agreed that NF has improved patient care, resident education, and resident morale. Although residents with NF were neutral on PGY2 case volume effects, they disagreed that it affected overall case volume. The only KIs that differed for both PGY2 and PGY5s were airway cases (P = .004 vs P = .002) and bronchoscopy (P = .02 vs P = .006), which were significantly higher for those with NF. Thyroid surgery was the only KI higher for the residents without NF and spanned all PGY levels.ConclusionResidents and alumni agreed that NF implementation had a positive effect on duty hour violations. The NF system does not have significant impact on case volume.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:2211–2218, 2021
Factors and Outcomes Associated With Temporal Bone Resection for Primary Parotid Malignancy
Authors: Tanavde Ved A. , Broderick Joseph , Windon Melina J. , Fakhry Carole , Stewart Charles Matthew , Eisele David W. , Creighton Francis X. 
Published: April 2021

Objective(s)Although parotid cancer invading into the temporal bone makes up only a small fraction of all parotid cancers, it is more common and relatively understudied compared with primary cancer of the external auditory canal. The objective of this study was to determine what factors are associated with receiving parotidectomy with temporal bone resection (TBR) and the immediate postoperative outcomes.MethodsWe reviewed the National Cancer Database (2004–2015) for patients with primary parotid malignancy who received parotidectomy with or without TBR. Patient demographic, clinical, and perioperative variables were collected and then compared. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine factors associated with receiving TBR.ResultsWe identified 134 patients who received parotidectomy with TBR and 16,595 who received parotidectomy only. Reported in terms of odds ratios (95% confidence interval), our multivariate model showed having surgery at an academic facility (1.91 [1.34–2.71], P < .001), clinical stage III or IV (7.48 [1.65–33.96] and 31.37 [7.61–129.32], P = .009 and P < .001, respectively), histologic grade II to IV (4.36 [1.51–12.57], 4.31 [1.53–12.15], and 6.74 [2.26–20.13], P = .006, .006, and .001, respectively), and adenoid cystic histology (3.23 [2.02–5.17], P < .001) were significantly and independently associated with receiving TBR. There was no significant difference in 30‐day readmission, or 30‐day or 90‐day mortality, but the rate of positive surgical margins was significantly higher in those who underwent TBR.ConclusionDemographic variables are not significant factors for receiving TBR. Tumor characteristics, such as clinical stage and histologic type, and receiving surgical treatment at an academic facility were more strongly associated with receiving TBR.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:E2461–E2468, 2021
Identification of steel corrosion in alkaline sulfate solution by electrochemical noise
Authors: Permeh Samanbar , Lau Kingsley , Duncan Matthew , Simmons Ron 
Published: April 2021

AbstractResearch on the effects of sulfate ions on steel corrosion has been conducted in response to the observations of premature localized corrosion of steel strands in cementitious grouts in posttensioned bridge construction. Electrochemical noise (EN) was shown to be an effective technique to assess the development of localized corrosion of steel in the alkaline sulfate solution. General statistics of the EN potential and current time signatures revealed the negative effect of elevated sulfate concentrations and the development of pitting events. Spectral analysis indicated an increase in the characteristic charge and decrease in characteristic frequency with sulfate ion concentration, whereas an increase in the overall corrosion rate was observed, indicating the development of pitting corrosion. Pitting events could be sustained in solutions above 10 g Na2SO4/L H2O and more extensive localized corrosion developed above 20 g Na2SO4/L H2O.
Tremors: A concept analysis
Authors: Cooley Coleman Jessica A. , Sarasua Sara M. , Boccuto Luigi , Moore Hannah W. , Skinner Steven A. , DeLuca Jane M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimThis article seeks to clarify and define the concept of tremors.DesignThe Walker & Avant (2005) concept analysis method was followed.MethodsA search of PubMed, Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, ERIC, Google and Google Scholar was performed.ResultsThrough this process, uses of the concept were assessed including definitions and categories of tremors. Defining attributes were found to include “movement disorder,” “shaking motions,” “involuntary,” “oscillatory,” “rhythmic,” “not painful or life threatening,” “always present but variable” and “can sometimes be repressed.” We identified two model cases and a borderline case, antecedents, consequences and empirical referents (including measurement tools) of tremors.ConclusionThe concept analysis process has clarified and illuminated an operational definition of tremors: that tremors are a movement disorder characterized by shaking motions that are involuntary, oscillatory, rhythmic, non‐painful, always present although vary in severity, and can be repressed by changing posture or going into a rest position.
A study of factors that predict novice nurses’ perceived ability to provide care in acute situations
Authors: Sterner Anders , Ramstrand Nerrolyn , Palmér Lina , Hagiwara Magnus Andersson 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimsTo explore factors that predict novice nurses’ trust in their ability to provide care in acute situations and identify factors that are related to their perceived ability to make clinical judgements in acute situations.DesignExploratory cross‐sectional study.MethodsNovice nurses employed within somatic care in Swedish hospitals completed an online survey. Univariate analysis facilitated exploration of the data and identification of predictor variables with the greatest association with: (1) trust in their own ability (one item) and (2) ability to make clinical judgements (four items). Multivariate binary logistic regression modelling was used to model the likelihood of outcomes based on each predictor variable.ResultsThe two most important predictors related to trust in ability to provide care were duration of work experience and participation in acute situations during nursing education. For clinical judgement, duration of work experience was significant in all four models and experience of acute situations post‐graduation was significant in two models.
Versatile surface modification of millimeter‐scale “aqueous pearls” with nanoparticles via self‐polymerization of dopamine
Authors: Huang Leping , Mu Xiaoqing , Huang Wei , Guo Qing , Zhao Jinchao 
Published: April 2021

The millimeter‐scale calcium alginate aqueous core capsules (mm‐CaSA‐Caps), which own high entrapment efficiency and excellent biocompatibility, have broad applications in food additives and drug delivery. However, due to pH sensitivity and thermal instability of Ca‐alginate, many chemical modifications with intense conditions are hardly conducted on the mm‐CaSA‐Caps. In this work, layer‐by‐layer assembly coating on the surface of the mm‐CaSA‐Caps was proceeded with in situ self‐polymerization of dopamine (DA) and nanoparticles under mild conditions. The colorless and transparent mm‐CaSA‐Caps became beautiful dark “pearls” of polydopamine (PDA) modified mm‐CaSA‐Caps (mm‐PDA@CaSA‐Caps), which had uniform coating of PDA. Obviously, deposition of PDA on mm‐CaSA‐Caps accelerated with higher concentration of DA, weak alkali condition of pH = 8.5, and oxidant of sodium periodate. Water retention ratio of mm‐PDA@CaSA‐Caps also increased because of the PDA coating. The nanoparticles were easily coated on the mm‐PDA@CaSA‐Caps due to the strong adhesive property of PDA. Two‐dimensional laminar montmorillonites were adhered to mm‐PDA@CaSA‐Caps, which lead to better barrier property of capsules than that of the one‐dimensional linear multiwalled carbon nanotubes modified capsules. It was ascribed to increasing of the path length of water by sheet‐like morphology of montmorillonites. This work provided a versatile path for enhancement of barrier property of millimeter‐scale hydrogel capsules.
Prenatal chromosome microarray: ‘The UK experience’. A survey of reporting practices in UK genetic services (2012–2019)
Authors: Patterson Jenny , Wellesley Diana , Morgan Sian , Cilliers Deirdre , Allen Stephanie , Gardiner Carol A ,   Fetal Genomics Steering Group,   UK Clinical Genetics Lead Clinician Group,   UK Heads of Genetics Laboratory Group
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe value of chromosome microarray (CMA) in the prenatal detection of significant chromosome anomalies is well‐established. To guide the introduction of this technique in routine clinical practice, the Joint Committee on Genomics in Medicine developed national UK guidelines for reporting prenatal CMA in 2015.ObjectiveTo evaluate the UK experience of utilising prenatal CMA.MethodA 36‐item survey was distributed to all UK clinical genetics services (n = 23) in March 2019 requesting information pertaining to experience since diagnostic testing commenced and current practice (March 2018 to March 2019).ResultsEighteen UK genetics services currently offer prenatal CMA. A total of 14,554 tests had been performed. A pathogenic copy number variant was identified in 7.8% of tests overall, though the diagnostic rate increased to 8.4% in the final year of the survey. Variants of uncertain significance (VUS) were reported in 0.7% of tests, and ‘actionable’ incidental findings in 0.12%.ConclusionDiagnostic rate has improved over time, while reporting of VUS has decreased. Reviewing survey responses at a national level highlights variation in testing experience and practice, raising considerations both for future guideline development and implementation of other novel techniques including prenatal whole exome sequencing.
Pharmacokinetics and safety of lefamulin after single intravenous dose administration in subjects with impaired renal function and those requiring hemodialysis
Authors: Wicha Wolfgang W. , Marbury Thomas C. , Dowell James A. , Crandon Jared L. , Leister Cathie , Ermer James , Gelone Steven P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractStudy ObjectiveLefamulin is a novel IV and oral pleuromutilin recently approved for the treatment of community‐acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP). Given that renal comorbidities are common in patients admitted for CABP, understanding the pharmacokinetics of lefamulin in the face of severe renal impairment, including those requiring hemodialysis, is needed.DesignOpen‐label, Phase‐1 pharmacokinetic study.SettingResearch Study Center.PatientsTwenty‐three matched subjects were included, seven with “Normal” renal function (creatinine clearance >90 ml/min), eight with “Severe” renal impairment (glomerular filtration rate <30 ml/min/1.73 m2), and eight subjects requiring hemodialysis.Measurements and Main ResultsSubjects were administered a single dose of lefamulin IV 150 mg as a 1‐h infusion. Subjects in the hemodialysis group started hemodialysis within 1 h after lefamulin infusion (On dialysis), as well as, on a non‐dialysis day (Off dialysis). Plasma, urine, and dialysate fluid were collected for 36 h and analyzed for lefamulin and its major metabolite, BC‐8041. Lefamulin was primarily excreted non‐renally across groups. Statistical analyses revealed lefamulin and BC‐8041 pharmacokinetics were similar between Normal and Severe groups, except for renal clearance, which decreased in Severe subjects (mean 1.3 L/h Normal vs. 0.4 L/h Severe). Likewise, lefamulin pharmacokinetics during on and off dialysis were unchanged, with lefamulin not measurably filtered in dialysate fluid. Two, three, and three subjects reported drug‐related treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAE) in Normal, Severe, and Hemodialysis groups, respectively. All TEAEs were mild, except one (infusion‐site reaction) that was classified as moderate.ConclusionNo dosage adjustment is required for patients with renal impairment, and lefamulin can be administered without regard to hemodialysis timing.
Reducing distress and depression in cancer patients during survivorship
Authors: Molinaro Jessica , Banerjee Anjishnu , Lyndon Stanley , Slocum Sarah , Danhieux‐Poole Carrie , Restivo‐Pritzl Christine , Uselmann Ann Marie , Wallace Lyndsey , Knight Jennifer M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveDistress and depression are prevalent in cancer patients throughout survivorship and are associated with adverse outcomes. This study examines the association between outpatient psycho‐oncology treatment and distress and depression in cancer patients.MethodsThis is a prospective observational study of adult patients with a primary diagnosis of cancer referred for psycho‐oncology services. Patients were seen for two psycho‐oncology visits in a single clinical setting with various qualified providers. Patients completed the distress thermometer and problem checklist (DT + PL) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9) at the beginning of their first and second visits and repeated the DT at the end of these visits.ResultsThe analysis included 174 patients seen once and 69 patients seen twice. Patients were seen on average 2.5 years after diagnosis. Both visits were associated with significant reductions in distress (5.56 before and 3.85 after for visit 1, p < 0.001; 4.92 before and 3.43 after for visit 2, p < 0.001). There was a significant reduction in distress from baseline to after visit 2 (p < 0.001). Depression scores significantly decreased from the first to second visits (8.79–7.57; p = 0.002).ConclusionsPsycho‐oncology services were associated with significant reductions in distress and depression, with scores after services no longer meeting criteria for clinically significant distress (DT scores ≥ 4) and depression (PHQ‐9 scores ≥ 8) as they did at baseline. Reductions in distress and depression were not significantly associated with provider type, intervention or timing of diagnosis. These findings support the use of psycho‐oncology services in cancer patients throughout survivorship.
Emotional problem‐related distress screening and its prevalence by cancer type: Assessment by patients' characteristics and level of assistance requested
Authors: Bergerot Cristiane Decat , Razavi Marianne , Clark Karen Lynn , Philip Errol J , Pal Sumanta Kumar , Loscalzo Matthew , Dale William 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveEmotional problem‐related distress is a common issue faced by patients with cancer. However, patients suffering with this emotional burden do not typically seek assistance. This study sought to determine the prevalence of emotional problem‐related distress by cancer type, and identify factors correlated with the level of assistance requested.MethodsUsing the SupportScreen®, patients were screened for emotional problem‐related distress at their first or second visit to an NCI designated Comprehensive Cancer Center. General Linear Model was used to test the association between emotional problem‐related distress and type of cancer, and the relationship between level of assistance requested and patients' characteristics.ResultsA total of 2,421 patients were included in this analysis. Patients were mostly female (62%), diagnosed with breast (24%), gynecological (16%) or gastrointestinal (15%) cancers. Highest levels of emotional problem‐related distress were reported by patients diagnosed with lung, gynecological, breast and gastrointestinal cancers. Level of assistance requested were significantly associated with problem‐related distress scores (p < 0.001), which were higher among patients with lower household incomes (p < 0.001) and Spanish as primary language (p = 0.001).ConclusionOur study found an association between Level of assistance requested and emotional problem‐related distress, which were heightened by lower income and Spanish‐speaking. Intervention strategies should be considered to increase access to psychosocial support services.
Sex peptide receptor mediates the post‐mating switch in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) female reproductive behavior
Authors: Liu Shuai , Li Bin , Liu Wei , Liu Yang , Ren Bingzhong , Wang Guirong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn Drosophila, the sex peptide receptor (SPR) in females to detect male sex peptide (SP) and trigger changes in female behavior including mating rejection and oviposition. In moths, the SPR had been identified and investigated the limited function by using RNA interference (RNAi). However, the detailed function of SPR after a normal mating in moths, especially the role in female sexual receptivity, remains to be elucidated.RESULTSIn this study, we use Helicoverpa armigera, an economically important pest worldwide, as a case study to verify the function of SPR in vivo by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system. Analyzing the post‐mating behaviors in mutant females, we investigated that HarmSPR could mediate the long‐term sexual receptivity (remating, sex pheromone production and calling behavior) switch in female, but not affect the short‐term sexual receptivity and the duration time of remating. The oviposition of mated HarmSPR−/− females was significantly decreased by ~70% comparing to wild‐type (WT) mated females and there were more eggs staying in the ovary of mutant females. SPR also showed effect on female longevity, which is that the mated HarmSPR−/− females showed longer longevity than mated WT females.CONCLUSIONThe results detailedly demonstrated the functional role of SPR in female post‐mating behaviors and we could propose a pest control strategy in which developing an antagonist of SPR to reduce the oviposition of female. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Noise Robustness and Experimental Demonstration of a Quantum Generative Adversarial Network for Continuous Distributions
Authors: Anand Abhinav , Romero Jonathan , Degroote Matthias , Aspuru‐Guzik Alán 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe potential advantage of machine learning in quantum computers is a topic of intense discussion in the literature. Theoretical, numerical, and experimental explorations will most likely be required to understand its power. There have been different algorithms proposed to exploit the probabilistic nature of variational quantum circuits for generative modeling. In this paper, a hybrid architecture for quantum generative adversarial networks (QGANs) is employed and their robustness in the presence of noise is studied. A simple way of adding different types of noise to the quantum generator circuit is devised, and the noisy hybrid QGANs (HQGANs) are simulated numerically to learn continuous probability distributions, and to show that the performance of HQGANs remains unaffected. The effect of different parameters on the training time is also investigated to reduce the computational scaling of the algorithm and simplify its deployment on a quantum computer. The training on Rigetti's Aspen‐4‐2Q‐A quantum processing unit is then performed, and the results from the training are presented. The authors' results pave the way for experimental exploration of different quantum machine learning algorithms on noisy intermediate‐scale quantum devices.
How dark is the νR-philic dark photon?
Authors: Chauhan Garv , Xu Xun-Jie 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We consider a generic dark photon that arises from a hidden U(1) gauge symmetry imposed on right-handed neutrinos (νR). Such a νR-philic dark photon is naturally dark due to the absence of tree-level couplings to normal matter. However, loop-induced couplings to charged leptons and quarks are inevitable, provided that νR mix with left-handed neutrinos via Dirac mass terms. We investigate the loop-induced couplings and find that the νR-philic dark photon is not inaccessibly dark, which could be of potential importance to future dark photon searches at SHiP, FASER, Belle-II, LHC 14 TeV, etc.