bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rethinking Our COVID-19 Strategy
Authors: Brauer Samuel 
Published: March 2021

<img src=” https://s3.amazonaws.com/production.scholastica/article/21569/large/prnano_632021ga03022100.jpg?1616106284”> As of Feb 21, 2021, the COVID-19 pandemic claimed over half a million lives in the U.S., and over half of the country’s population likely had an infection. Our strategy to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic to date has been to rely very heavily on vaccination while testing and anti-viral development was given short shrift. Initial results of vaccines appeared promising, but there have been increased numbers of new variants than expected due to a high effective muta-tion rate. These new variants show the strong possibility of mutational escape from existing an-tibodies, whether these antibodies are generated from natural infection or a vaccine. Increasing infection rates in the UK and Manaus, Brazil, has shown that even high seroprevalence from previous infection waves may not block these new variants. The development of new vaccines for COVID-19 has now become exponentially more challenging for several reasons. Given our partial success with the current vaccination strategy, it is time to revisit the idea of antiviral de-velopment combined with significantly increased testing as a means of controlling this pandem-ic. Only a more balanced strategy involving all available control technologies: testing, antiviral drugs, and vaccination will effectively end this pandemic.
O desafio do cuidado do enfermeiro ao paciente com lesão musculoesquelética que vivencia a COVID-19: relato de experiência
Authors: Domenis Leticia Aparecida Marincolo , Daher Donizete Vago , Almeida Bárbara Stohler Sabença de , Araújo Maryanne Carvalho , Antunes Juliane de Macedo , Ferrari Maria Fernanda Muniz 
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: Relatar sobre o cuidado do enfermeiro ao paciente com lesão musculoesquelética que vivencia a COVID-19. Metodologia: Abordagem qualitativa descritiva do tipo relato de experiência ocorrido entre os meses de março a julho de 2020, em um instituto nacional de referência para tratamento de Traumatologia e Ortopedia, localizado na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Resultados e Discussão: A experiência pôde ser narrada por meio de três temas: Fluxo de atendimento e o perfil de pacientes atendidos; Complexidade do atendimento ao paciente com lesão musculoesquelética que vivencia a COVID-19; Novos desafios para a enfermagem ortopédica gerados pela pandemia da COVID-19.Conclusão: Na perspectiva da singularidade do cuidado, considerou-se complexo e desafiador cuidar dos pacientes que vivenciam, duplamente, a lesão musculoesquelética e a COVID-19. Uma assistência de enfermagem especializada durante o tratamento mostrou-se imprescindível à medida que a ação do enfermeiro gera um forte elo com os pacientes, reforçando a adesão ao tratamento e contribuindo na redução dos quadros de complicações decorrentes da infecção por coronavírus.
Allium sativum antimicrobial potential in fresh cheese
Authors: Milo Izabela da Silva , Campos Anna Carolina Leonelli Pires de , Pereira Luciano Netto de Castro , Bertolini Pamela Anastácio , Souza Milena Cremer de , Sena Michaela Fernandes , Fagan Eder Paulo , Matsumoto Leopoldo Sussumu , Peixoto Erika Cosendey Toledo de Mello 
Published: March 2021

Cheese consumption has shown an important increase throughout the Brazilian territory, being the second most imported product since 2015. Among the different types of cheese, minas frescal represents one of the most popular, due to its simple processing, low cost and high yield. However, its perishability requires refrigeration and relatively fast consumption, thus representing an important limiting factor in commercialization. Aspects such as having a high moisture content, not undergoing maturation, and containing no preservatives, provide favorable conditions for microbiological contamination. Thus, it was aimed to assess the antimicrobial potential of the aqueous suspension of garlic (SAA), in fresh cheese before and after contamination Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) 105 CFU mL-1. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by microdilution, and the following treatments were evaluated in quintuplicate: SAa in freeze-dried and fresh forms (1.5; 2.5; 5; and 10%), negative control treatment (cheese absent contamination), and positive (cheese absent from SAa). After superficial inoculation in Agar Baird Parker, enriched with egg yolk and potassium tellurite, the incubation was performed at 35ºC for 48 hours. Although SAa in lyophilized and fresh form applied before contamination did not show antibacterial activity, the fresh form applied after contamination showed a MIC equivalent to 2.5%. So, based on the results obtained by the present study, it was possible to conclude that SAa above 2.5% had antimicrobial properties, thus favoring the conservation of fresh cheese.
Reconstruction of the Dynamics Thinking and Civilization of Khalifah Umar Bin Khattab in Islamic Education
Authors: Fadhlurrahman Fadhlurrahman , Parnawi Afi , Yuliana Anaas Tri Ridlo Dina Yuliana , Kurniawan Muh Alif 
Published: March 2021

Problems in the world of education are always in the spotlight. Because with education there will be many suitable and quality leaders. But education is not yet fully capable of forming a leader who is reliable and tough. This manuscript seeks to examine the social history of society more deeply at the time of the Caliph Umar bin Khattab and how the next generation should follow steps. He succeeded in making regulations in the world of education and issues at that time and had thoughts on problems in the world of government. This illustrates the magnitude of Caliph Umar bin Khattab's view and role in solving problems at that time. This research uses a descriptive analysis method to explain Umar bin Khattab's thoughts in Islamic education, and then the content analysis method is used to find basic ideas, development, and renewal as well as serving as caliph. For example, in education, the author found that Umar bin Khattab had thoughts about God. The discussion about God is the basis of Islamic education. They were then developed with his ideas and understanding of the cosmos (universe) to the fields of economics, law, and government so that this thought and civilization deserves to be reconstructed in the present.
Keywords: Reconstruction of Civilization Islamic Education, Umar bin Khattab in Islamic Education
Evaluation of the Genetic Variation Spectrum Related to Corneal Dystrophy in a Large Cohort
Authors: Li Wei , Qu Ning , Li Jian-Kang , Li Yu-Xin , Han Dong-Ming , Chen Yi-Xi , Tian Le , Shao Kang , Yang Wen , Wang Zhuo-Shi , Chen Xuan , Jin Xiao-Ying , Wang Zi-Wei , Liang Chen , Qian Wei-Ping , Wang Lu-Sheng , He Wei 
Published: March 2021

AimsTo characterize the genetic landscape and mutation spectrum of patients with corneal dystrophies (CDs) in a large Han ethnic Chinese Cohort with inherited eye diseases (IEDs).MethodsRetrospective study. A large IED cohort was recruited in this study, including 69 clinically diagnosed CD patients, as well as other types of eye diseases patients and healthy family members as controls. The 792 genes on the Target_Eye_792_V2 chip were used to screen all common IEDs in our studies, including 22 CD-related genes.ResultsWe identified 2334 distinct high-quality variants on 22 CD-related genes in a large IEDs cohort. A total of 21 distinct pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutations were identified, and the remaining 2313 variants in our IED cohort had no evidence of CD-related pathogenicity. Overall, 81.16% (n = 56/69) of CD patients received definite molecular diagnoses, and transforming growth factor-beta-induced protein (TGFBI), CHTS6, and SLC4A11 genes covered 91.07, 7.14, and 1.79% of the diagnosed cases, respectively. Twelve distinct disease-associated mutations in the TGFBI gene were identified, 11 of which were previously reported and one is novel. Four of these TGFBI mutations (p.D123H, p.M502V, p.P501T, and p.P501A) were redefined as likely benign in our Han ethnic Chinese IED cohort after performing clinical variant interpretation. These four TGFBI mutations were detected in asymptomatic individuals but not in CD patients, especially the previously reported disease-causing mutation p.P501T. Among 56 CD patients with positive detected mutations, the recurrent TGFBI mutations were p.R124H, p.R555W, p.R124C, p.R555Q, and p.R124L, and the proportions were 32.14, 19.64, 14.29, 10.71, and 3.57%, respectively. Twelve distinct pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutations of CHTS6 were detected in 28 individuals. The recurrent mutations were p.Y358H, p.R140X, and p.R205W, and the proportions were 25.00, 21.43, and 14.29%, respectively. All individuals associated with TGFBI were missense mutations; 74.19% associated with CHTS6 mutations were missense mutations, and 25.81% were non-sense mutations. Hot regions were located in exons 4 and 12 of TGFBI individuals and located in exon 3 of CHTS6 individuals. No de novo mutations were identified.ConclusionFor the first time, our large cohort study systematically described the variation spectrum of 22 CD-related genes and evaluated the frequency and pathogenicity of all 2334 distinct high-quality variants in our IED cohort. Our research will provide East Asia and other populations with baseline data from a Han ethnic population-specific level.
Effects of Sevoflurane Inhalation Anesthesia on the Intestinal Microbiome in Mice
Authors: Han Ci , Zhang Zhaodi , Guo Nana , Li Xueting , Yang Mengyuan , Peng Yahui , Ma Xiaohui , Yu Kaijiang , Wang Changsong 
Published: March 2021

In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to intestinal microbiome. Almost all operations will go through the anesthesia process, but it is not clear whether the intervention of anesthesia alone will affect the change in the intestinal microbiome. The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia on the intestinal microbiome. The animal in the experimental group was used to provide sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia for 4 hours. The control group was not intervened. The feces of the experimental group and the control group were collected on the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th days after anesthesia. Sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia will cause changes in the intestinal microbiome of mice. It appears on the 1st day after anesthesia and is most obvious on the 7th day. The specific manifestation is that the abundance of microbiome and the diversity of the microbiome is reduced. At the same time, Untargeted metabonomics showed that compared with the control group, the experimental group had more increased metabolites related to the different microbiome, among which 5-methylthioadenosine was related to the central nervous system. Subsequently, the intestinal microbiome diversity of mice showed a trend of recovery on the 14th day. At the genus level, the fecal samples obtained on the 14th day after anesthesia exhibited significantly increased abundances of Bacteroides, Alloprevotella, and Akkermansia and significantly decreased abundances of Lactobacillus compared with the samples obtained on the 1st day after anesthesia. However, the abundance of differential bacteria did not recover with the changing trend of diversity. Therefore, we believe that sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia is associated with changes in the internal microbiome and metabolites, and this change may be completed through the brain-gut axis, while sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia may change the intestinal microbiome for as long as 14 days or longer.
Minimizing Paravalvular Regurgitation With the Novel SAPIEN 3 Ultra TAVR Prosthesis: A Real-World Comparison Study
Authors: Tamm Alexander R. , Hell Michaela M. , Geyer Martin , Kreidel Felix , da Rocha e Silva Jaqueline G. , Seidl Meike , Ruf Tobias F. , Kornberger Angela , Beiras-Fernandez Andres , Münzel Thomas , von Bardeleben Ralph Stephan 
Published: March 2021

Objectives: We investigated performance and outcome of the latest-generation balloon-expandable SAPIEN 3 Ultra prosthesis (S3U) compared to the established SAPIEN 3 prosthesis (S3) in a real-world cohort, with focus on paravalvular regurgitation (PVR).Background: PVR is an adverse prognostic indicator of short- and long-term survival after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). The S3U has been designed to improve sealing.Methods: We enrolled 343 consecutive patients presenting with severe native aortic valve stenosis eligible for a balloon-expandable prosthesis. The established S3 was implanted in the first 200 patients, the following 143 patients received the novel S3U after introduction in our institution. Primary endpoint was PVR after TAVR. Furthermore, we investigated procedural parameters and in-hospital and 30-day outcome.Results: PVR was significantly lower in the S3U cohort compared to the S3 cohort. They differed in their rate of mild PVR (11.2 vs. 48.0%, p &lt; 0.001), whereas at least moderate PVR was similarly low in both cohorts (0.7 vs. 0.5%, p = 0.811). A significant reduction of post-dilatation rate, fluoroscopy time, and amount of contrast was observed in patients treated with the novel S3U (p &lt; 0.001). The rate of adverse events in the in-hospital course and at 30 days were similarly low. At 30 days more patients receiving S3U improved in NYHA class (improvement ≥2 grades 34.6 vs. 19.9%, p = 0.003).Conclusion: The current study provides evidence that the novel S3U strongly minimizes PVR, thereby demonstrating the efficacy of improved sealing. Further studies will have to address if the observed reduction of PVR with S3U has prognostic significance.
Source Parameters of Moderate-To-Large Chinese Earthquakes From the Time Evolution of P-Wave Peak Displacement on Strong Motion Recordings
Authors: Wang Yuan , Colombelli Simona , Zollo Aldo , Song Jindong , Li Shanyou 
Published: March 2021

In this work we propose and apply a straightforward methodology for the automatic characterization of the extended earthquake source, based on the progressive measurement of the P-wave displacement amplitude at the available stations deployed around the source. Specifically, we averaged the P-wave peak displacement measurements among all the available stations and corrected the observed amplitude for distance attenuation effect to build the logarithm of amplitude vs. time function, named LPDT curve. The curves have an exponential growth shape, with an initial increase and a final plateau level. By analyzing and modelling the LPDT curves, the information about earthquake rupture process and earthquake magnitude can be obtained. We applied this method to the Chinese strong motion data from 2007 to 2015 with Ms ranging between 4 and 8. We used a refined model to reproduce the shape of the curves and different source models based on magnitude to infer the source-related parameters for the study dataset. Our study shows that the plateau level of LPDT curves has a clear scaling with magnitude, with no saturation effect for large events. By assuming a rupture velocity of 0.9 Vs, we found a consistent self-similar, constant stress drop scaling law for earthquakes in China with stress drop mainly distributed at a lower level (0.2 MPa) and a higher level (3.7 MPa). The derived relation between the magnitude and rupture length may be feasible for real-time applications of Earthquake Early Warning systems.
Soil Degassing From the Xianshuihe–Xiaojiang Fault System at the Eastern Boundary of the Chuan–Dian Rhombic Block, Southwest China
Authors: Sun Yutao , Zhou Xiaocheng , Yan Yucong , Li Jingchao , Fang Wenya , Wang Wanli , Liu Yongmei 
Published: March 2021

The Chuan–Dian region, situated in the middle part of the north-south seismic zone of mainland China in a highly deformed area of the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, is one of the principal areas for monitoring earthquake activities in China. In this study, the geochemical characteristics of soil degassing (of CH4, H2, CO2, Rn, and Hg) and, the relationship between degassing and fault activity, were investigated in the Xianshuihe–Xiaojiang fault system (XXFS) at the eastern boundary of the Chuan–Dian rhombic block. The mean soil-gas concentrations of CH4, H2, CO2, Rn, and Hg in the XXFS were 8.1 ppm, 9.9 ppm, 0.5%, 15.1 kBq/m3 and 12.9 ng/m3, respectively. The δ13CCO2 and δ13CCH4 values of the hot-spring gases varied from −11.9‰ to −3.7‰ and −62.5‰ to 17‰, respectively. The He-C isotopic ratios indicate that the carbon in the northern and middle parts of the XXFS may have originated from deep fluids, whereas the carbon in the southern part of the XXFS is of organic origin. The high concentrations of soil gas were distributed near the faults, indicating that the faults could act as channels for gas migration. The distributions of the high soil-gas concentrations in the XXFS coincide with the highest stress and maximum strain rates, indicating that the fault activity enhanced permeability and increased the emission rates of the gases. The results of this study will be helpful for degassing in active fault zones and earthquake monitoring.
Elevated Heme Oxygenase-1 Correlates With Increased Brain Iron Deposition Measured by Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping and Decreased Hemoglobin in Patients With Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Xu Jinghui , Xiao Chi , Song Weizheng , Cui Xiangqin , Pan Mengqiu , Wang Qun , Feng Yanqiu , Xu Yunqi 
Published: March 2021

Background: Brain iron deposition, low hemoglobin (HGB), and increased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) have been implicated in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the association among them in PD is poorly studied.Objective: To explore the association of the level of HO-1 with brain iron deposition and low level of HGB in PD.Methods: A total of 32 patients with PD and 26 controls were recruited for this study. C57BL/6 male mice were used in generating 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced chronic PD model. The Levels of serum HO-1 and HGB of human subjects and mice were assayed by ELISA, blood routine test, respectively. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) was used to quantitatively analyze brain iron deposition in human subjects and mice. HO-1 inhibitor (Sn-protoporphyrin, SnPP) was used to suppress the function and expression of HO-1 in PD mice. Correlations between the concentration of serum HO-1 and iron deposition of the region of interests (ROIs), levels of HGB, between the three factors mentioned above, and scores of clinical scales were explored in PD patients.Results: This study revealed significant elevation of the serum HO-1 concentration, iron deposition within bilateral substantial nigra (SN), red nucleus (RN), and putamen (PUT) and decrease of HGB level in PD patients. There was a significantly positive correlation between the serum HO-1 concentration and iron deposition within SN, an inverse correlation between the serum HO-1 concentration and HGB level in PD patients. A significant increase in HO-1 expression of serum and iron deposition in SN was also observed in the PD mouse model, and the SnPP could significantly reduce iron deposition in the SN.Conclusions: The high level of HO-1 may be the common mechanism of iron deposition and low HGB in PD. Therefore, the findings presented in this study indicate that HO-1 correlates with brain iron deposition and anemia in PD.
Health Care Workers' Mental Health During the First Weeks of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in Switzerland—A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Weilenmann Sonja , Ernst Jutta , Petry Heidi , Pfaltz Monique C. , Sazpinar Onur , Gehrke Samuel , Paolercio Francesca , von Känel Roland , Spiller Tobias R. 
Published: March 2021

Objective:The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic poses various challenges for health care workers (HCWs). This may affect their mental health, which is crucial to maintain high quality medical care during a pandemic. Existing evidence suggests that HCWs, especially women, nurses, frontline staff, and those exposed to COVID-19 patients, are at risk for anxiety and depression. However, a comprehensive overview of risk and protective factors considering their mutual influence is lacking. Therefore, this study aimed at exploring HCWs' mental health during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Switzerland, investigating the independent effect of various demographic, work- and COVID-related factors on HCWs' mental health.Methods:In an exploratory, cross-sectional, nation-wide online survey, we assessed demographics, work characteristics, COVID-19 exposure, and anxiety, depression, and burnout in 1,406 HCWs during the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Switzerland. Network analysis was used to investigate the associations among the included variables.Results:Women (compared to men), nurses (compared to physicians), frontline staff (compared to non-frontline workers), and HCWs exposed to COVID-19 patients (compared to non-exposed) reported more symptoms than their peers. However, these effects were all small. Perceived support by the employer independently predicted anxiety and burnout after adjustment for other risk factors.Conclusion:Our finding that some HCWs had elevated levels of anxiety, depression, and burnout underscores the importance to systematically monitor HCWs' mental health during this ongoing pandemic. Because perceived support and mental health impairments were negatively related, we encourage the implementation of supportive measures for HCWs' well-being during this crisis.
Reducing Antimicrobial Use and Dependence in Livestock Production Systems: A Social and Economic Sciences Perspective on an Interdisciplinary Approach
Authors: Baudoin Fanny , Hogeveen Henk , Wauters Erwin 
Published: March 2021

Objective:In livestock production, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is considered an externality as it is the undesired result of preventive and curative antimicrobial use. To address this biosocial issue, our objective is to present an approach based on interdisciplinary research to develop strategies and policies that aim to contain AMR.Method:To do so, we addressed three fundamental questions on which control policies and strategies for agricultural pollution problems are centered in the light of AMR. To ensure the technical, economic, behavioral and political feasibility of the developed measures, we demonstrated the usefulness of systemic approaches to define who, what and how to target by considering the complexity in which the ultimate decision-maker is embedded. We then define how voluntary or compulsory behavioral change can be achieved via five routes, introducing a clear taxonomy for AMR Interventions. Finally, we present three criteria for ex-ante analysis and ex-post evaluation of policies and strategies.Conclusion:Interdisciplinary systemic approaches enable the development of AMR policies and strategies that are technically, politically, economically and, last but not least, behaviorally feasible by allowing the identification of (a) all actors influencing AMU in livestock production, (b) power relations between these actors, (c) adequate regulatory and intervention bases, (d) what behavioral change strategy to use, (e) whom should implement this, as well as the cost-effective assessment of combinations of interventions. Unfortunately, AMR policies and strategies are often investigated within different disciplines and not in a holistic and systemic way, which is why we advocate for more interdisciplinary work and discuss opportunities for further research.