bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pilot approach to analyzing patient and citizen involvement in health technology assessment in four diverse low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Holtorf Anke-Peggy , Mueller Debjani , Sousa M. Sharmila A. , Pretorius Lauren , Wijaya Kalman Emry , Adeyemi Sylvester , Ankleshwaria Dipen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) striving to achieve universal health coverage, the involvement of different stakeholders in formal or informal ways in health technology assessment (HTA) must be culturally and socially relevant and acceptable. Challenges may be different from those seen in high-income countries. In this article, we aimed to pilot a questionnaire for uncovering the context-related aspects of patient and citizen involvement (PCI) in LMICs, collecting experiences encountered with PCI, and identifying opportunities for patients and citizens toward contributing to local decision- and policy-making processes related to health technologies.

Methods
Through a collaborative, international multi-stakeholder initiative, a questionnaire was developed for describing each LMIC's healthcare system context and the emergence of opportunities for PCI relating to HTA. The questionnaire was piloted in the first set of countries (Brazil, Indonesia, Nigeria, and South Africa).

Results
The questionnaire was successfully applied across four diverse LMICs, which are at different stages of using HTA to inform decision making. Only in Brazil, formal ways of PCI have been defined. In the other countries, there is informal influence that is contingent upon the engagement level of patient and citizen advocacy groups (PCAGs), usually strongest in areas such as HIV/AIDS, TB, oncology, or rare diseases.

Conclusions
The questionnaire can be used to analyze the options for patients and citizens to participate in HTA or healthcare decision making. It will be rolled out to more LMICs to describe the requirements and opportunities for PCI in the context of LMICs and to identify possible routes and methodologies for devising a more systematic and formalized PCI in LMICs.
Characteristics of antegrade-only accessory pathways in children and adolescents
Authors: Nguyen Minh B. , Hill Allison C. , Bar-Cohen Yaniv , Silka Michael J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThere is minimal data regarding antegrade-only accessory pathways in young patients. Given evolving recommendations and treatments, retrospective analysis of the clinical and electrophysiologic properties of antegrade-only pathways in patients <21 years old was performed, with subsequent comparison of electrophysiology properties to age-matched controls with bidirectional pathways. Of 522 consecutive young patients with ventricular pre-excitation referred for electrophysiology study, 33 (6.3%) had antegrade-only accessory pathways. Indications included palpitations (47%), chest pain (25%), and syncope (22%). The shortest value for either the accessory pathway effective refractory period or the pre-excited R-R interval was taken for each patient, with the median of the antegrade-only group significantly greater than shortest values for the bidirectional group (310 [280–360] ms versus 270 [240–302] ms, p < 0.001). However, the prevalence of pathways with high-risk properties (effective refractory period or shortest pre-excited R-R interval <250 ms) was similar in both study patients and controls (13% versus 21%) (p = 0.55). Sixteen patients had a single antegrade-only accessory pathway and no inducible arrhythmia. Six patients had Mahaim fibres, all right anterolateral with inducible antidromic reciprocating tachycardia. However, 11 patients with antegrade-only accessory pathways and 3 with Mahaim fibres had inducible tachycardia due to a second substrate recognised at electrophysiology study. These included concealed accessory pathways (7), bidirectional accessory pathways (5), and atrioventricular node re-entry (2). Antegrade-only accessory pathways require comprehensive electrophysiology evaluation as confounding factors such as high-risk conduction properties or inducible Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) due to a second substrate of tachycardia are often present.
Zn2+-Depletion Enhances Lysosome Fission in Cultured Rat Embryonic Cortical Neurons Revealed by a Modified Epifluorescence Microscopic Technique
Authors: Tsao Hung-Chun , Liao Yi-Feng , Pratiwi Feby Wijaya , Mou Chung-Yuan , Lin Yi-Jhen , Pan Chien-Yuan , Chen Yit-Tsong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Climate‐Driven Variability in Runoff Erosion Encoded in Stream Network Geometry
Authors: Getraer Alexander , Maloof Adam C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractClimate signatures recorded in the geometry of branching streams provide insight into climate and landscape histories on Earth and other planetary bodies. Recent findings establish that branching angles are narrower and stream profiles are straighter in more arid climates. However, these two observations have been attributed to different mechanisms. Here we demonstrate that for US watersheds the difference in slope between confluent streams increases with humidity, and streams with a greater difference in slope tend to branch at wider angles. Our observations suggest a branching angle endmember of 90° when stream slopes are most different. Using a simple model of runoff erosion, we show how this variation in relative stream slopes can be explained by a shift in streamflow accumulation across climate regimes. These findings connect previously observed climate signatures in branching angles and stream profiles, suggesting that both record the same control of aridity on surface flow.
The Perception of Regional Dialects and Foreign Accents by Cochlear Implant Users
Authors: Tamati Terrin N. , Pisoni David B. , Moberly Aaron C. 
Published: January 2021

Purpose
This preliminary research examined (a) the perception of two common sources of indexical variability in speech—regional dialects and foreign accents, and (b) the relation between indexical processing and sentence recognition among prelingually deaf, long-term cochlear implant (CI) users and normal-hearing (NH) peers.

Method

Forty-three prelingually deaf adolescent and adult CI users and 44 NH peers completed a regional dialect categorization task, which consisted of identifying the region of origin of an unfamiliar talker from six dialect regions of the United States. They also completed an intelligibility rating task, which consisted of rating the intelligibility of short sentences produced by native and nonnative (foreign-accented) speakers of American English on a scale from 1 (
not intelligible at all
) to 7 (
very intelligible
). Individual performance was compared to demographic factors and sentence recognition scores.

Results
Both CI and NH groups demonstrated difficulty with regional dialect categorization, but NH listeners significantly outperformed the CI users. In the intelligibility rating task, both CI and NH listeners rated foreign-accented sentences as less intelligible than native sentences; however, CI users perceived smaller differences in intelligibility between native and foreign-accented sentences. Sensitivity to accent differences was related to sentence recognition accuracy in CI users.

Conclusions
Prelingually deaf, long-term CI users are sensitive to accent variability in speech, but less so than NH peers. Additionally, individual differences in CI users' sensitivity to indexical variability was related to sentence recognition abilities, suggesting a common source of difficulty in the perception and encoding of fine acoustic–phonetic details in speech.
Galaxies with kinematically distinct cores in Illustris
Authors: Ebrová Ivana , Łokas Ewa L. , Eliášek Jiří 
Published: January 2021

Context. The growing amount of integral-field spectroscopic data creates an increased demand for understanding kinematic peculiarities that carry valuable information about the evolution of host galaxies.
Aims. For kinematically distinct cores (KDCs), a number of formation mechanisms have been proposed, but it is still unclear as to which of them commonly occur in the Universe. We aim to address the KDC formation in the cosmological context.
Methods. We used the publicly available data of the large-scale hydrodynamic cosmological simulation Illustris. We identified 134 KDCs, studied their properties, and followed their evolution back in time. Examples of four galaxies hosting KDCs are presented and described in detail.
Results. The masses of the KDC hosts follow the general distribution of the Illustris galaxies, with a possible slight preference for massive galaxies. KDCs can be long-lived features, with their formation epochs distributed, roughly uniformly, between look-back times 0–11.4 Gyr, and they can survive even major or multiple subsequent mergers. There is no single channel of KDC formation, but mergers seem to be the formation mechanism for about 60% of KDCs with a significant preference for major mergers and with the percentage being higher among massive hosts. Other KDCs formed during a pericentric passage or flyby of another galaxy by the precession of a previously formed rapidly rotating core, or without an obvious external cause. The mean mass-weighted stellar age inside the KDC radius is either about the same as the look-back time of the KDC formation or older. Although the radii of our KDCs are, on average, larger than observed, we find that younger stellar ages are typically associated with smaller KDCs. A significant fraction of KDC hosts possess stellar shells that formed during mergers, which led to KDCs within the last 5 Gyr, or double peaks in their velocity dispersion maps.
Gastric peroral endoscopic pyloromyotomy for decompensated gastroparesis: comprehensive motility analysis in relation to treatment outcomes
Authors: Conchillo José M. , Straathof Jan Willem A. , Mujagic Zlatan , Brouns Jenny H. , Bouvy Nicole D. , Keszthelyi Daniel , Masclee Ad A.M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground and study aims There are no reliable data to predict which patients with gastroparesis (GP) would benefit the most from gastric peroral endoscopic pyloromyotomy (G-POEM). The aim of the present study was to assess whether antro-duodenal motility patterns and pyloric distensibility can predict the outcome of G-POEM in patients with decompensated GP.Patients and methods In an open-label study, patients with GP and refractory symptoms were eligible for treatment with G-POEM if treatment attempts according to a standardized stepwise protocol had failed. Baseline assessment included Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index (GCSI), C13-octanoic gastric emptying breath test and high-resolution antro-duodenal manometry. Pyloric distensibility using EndoFlip measurements was assessed at baseline and 3 months after the procedure. Explorative analyses were performed on potential predictors of response using logistic regression analyses.Results Twenty-four patients with decompensated GP underwent G-POEM. At baseline, 78.3 % and 61.9 % of patients showed antral hypomotility and neuropathic motor patterns, respectively. The technical success rate was 100 % (24/24). Mean GCSI improved significantly at 3, 6, and 12 months after G-POEM (P = 0.01). Median distensibility index (DI) improved significantly as compared with baseline (7.5 [6.9;11.7] vs. 5.3[3.1;8.1], P = 0.004). A significant correlation was found between clinical response at 6 months and pyloric DI improvement (P = 0.003). No potential predictors of clinical response after G-POEM could be identified in an explorative analysis.Conclusions G-POEM improved pyloric distensibility patterns in patients with decompensated GP. Clinical response at 6 months after G-POEM was associated with pyloric distensibility improvement. However, no potential predictors of response could be identified from either antro-duodenal motility patterns or pyloric distensibility.
Motion training on a validated mechanical ERCP simulator improves novice endoscopist performance of selective cannulation: a multicenter trial
Authors: Voiosu Theodor , Puscasu Claudia , Orlandini Beatrice , Cavlina Masa , Bekkali Noor , Eusebi Leonardo Henry , Pizzicannella Margherita , Blero Daniel , Balanescu Paul , Voiosu Andrei , Perretta Silvana , Rustemovic Nadan , Fuccio Lorenzo , Mateescu Radu Bogdan , Hassan Cesare , Wani Sachin , Costamagna Guido , Boskoski Ivo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims Current data show that traditional training methods in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) fall short of producing competent trainees. We aimed to evaluate whether a novel approach to simulator-based training might improve the learning curve for novice endoscopists training in ERCP.
Methods We conducted a multicenter, randomized controlled trial using a validated mechanical simulator (the Boškoski-Costamagna trainer). Trainees with no experience in ERCP received either standard cannulation training or motion training before undergoing standard cannulation training on the mechanical simulator. Trainees were timed and graded on their performance in selective cannulation of four different papilla configurations.
Results Thirty-six trainees (16 in the motion training group, 20 in the standard group) performed 720 timed attempts at cannulating the bile duct on the simulator. Successful cannulation was achieved in 698 of 720 attempts (96.9 %), with no significant difference between the two study groups (P = 0.37). Trainees in the motion training group had significantly lower median cannulation times compared to the standard group (36 vs. 48 seconds, P = 0.001) and better technical performance on the first papilla type (P = 0.013).
Conclusions Our findings suggest that motion training could be an innovative method aimed at accelerating the learning curve of novice trainees in the early phase of their training. Future studies are needed to establish its role in ERCP training programs.
Entwicklung interprofessioneller Ausbildungsziele für die Gesundheitsberufe an der Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin – Eine Delphi-Studie
Authors: Behrend Ronja , Herinek Doreen , Kienle Rolf , Arnold FranziskaLouisa , Peters Harm 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungZiel der Studie Interprofessionelle Zusammenarbeit der Gesundheitsberufe ist für die patient/innenzentrierte Versorgung von zunehmender Bedeutung und sollte von Lernenden der Gesundheitsberufe in Ausbildung bzw. Studium erlernt werden. An der Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin soll ein gemeinsames Verständnis von Interprofessionalität geschaffen werden, um die interprofessionelle Ausbildung weiterzuentwickeln. Ziel dieser Studie ist die Entwicklung von professionsübergreifenden, interprofessionellen (IP) Ausbildungszielen als Rahmenwerk für den lokalen Kontext.Methodik IP Ausbildungsziele wurden in einem systematischen, 2-schrittigem Verfahren entwickelt und validiert. Zunächst hat eine Arbeitsgruppe (N=12) mittels Nominal Group Technique und Gruppenarbeitsphasen einen Entwurf an IP Ausbildungszielen entwickelt. Diese wurden mittels Delphi-Studie in 2 Runden mit Fakultätsmitgliedern (N=17) validiert.Ergebnisse Es wurde ein Rahmenwerk für IP Ausbildungsziele entwickelt und validiert. Dieses umfasst einen einleitenden Text, sowie 4 Domänen, die jeweils einen Titel, eine Beschreibung des zu erreichenden Outcomes und operationalisierte Lernziele für die Bereiche Wissen, Fähigkeiten/Fertigkeiten sowie Einstellung/Haltung definieren.Schlussfolgerung Mit der Entwicklung und Validierung von IP Ausbildungszielen an der Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin liegt ein berufsgruppenübergreifend abgestimmtes Rahmenwerk an Ausbildungszielen vor, das als Basis für die Implementierung interprofessioneller Lehre der im Hause angebotenen Ausbildungen und Studiengängen genutzt werden soll. Dieses Rahmenwerk kann anderen Fakultäten als Grundlage für die eigene Weiterentwicklung interprofessioneller Lehre dienen.
Development of a high-time/spatial resolution self-impedance probe for measurements in laboratory and space plasmas
Authors: DuBois Ami M. , Tejero Erik M. , Gatling George R. , Amatucci William E. 
Published: January 2021

Plasma impedance probes are often used in laboratory experiments as well as in space to make measurements of important plasma parameters such as the electron density. Conventional impedance probe methods involve sweeping the frequency applied to the probe through a range containing the plasma frequency, which can take on the order of a second to complete. This acquisition time leads to very low spatial resolution when making measurements from sounding rockets in the ionosphere. A high-time resolution impedance probe is under development at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory with the goal of increasing the spatial resolution of measurements in space. To achieve this, a short-time Gaussian monopulse with a center frequency of 40 MHz and containing a full spectrum of frequencies is applied to an electrically short dipole antenna. Laboratory experiments were performed with the Gaussian monopulse triggered once every 10 µs and averaged over ten shots, equating to a spatial resolution of 13 cm for a typical sounding rocket speed. This paper discusses the development of the new high-time/spatial resolution self-impedance probe and illustrates that the short-time pulse method yields results that match well with data taken using conventional methods. It is shown that plasma parameters such as the electron density, sheath frequency, and electron–neutral collision frequency can also be derived from the data. In addition, data from the high-time/spatial resolution impedance probe are shown to compare well with those from theoretical impedance models.
Genome-wide CRISPR screens reveal a specific ligand for the glycan-binding immune checkpoint receptor Siglec-7
Authors: Wisnovsky Simon , Möckl Leonhard , Malaker Stacy A. , Pedram Kayvon , Hess Gaelen T. , Riley Nicholas M. , Gray Melissa A. , Smith Benjamin A. H. , Bassik Michael C. , Moerner W. E. , Bertozzi Carolyn R. 
Published: January 2021

Significance
Cancer cells are frequently coated with chains of sugar molecules (glycans) that bind to inhibitory immune receptors, leading to suppression of anticancer immunity. While blocking these interactions may be therapeutically beneficial, the specific glycoprotein ligands that engage such receptors are often complex and difficult to characterize. To solve this problem, we used unbiased genome-wide screening to identify genes required for cell-surface presentation of ligands that bind members of the Siglec immune receptor family. This approach led to identification of the glycoprotein CD43 as a highly specific ligand for Siglec-7. Blocking the interaction between CD43 and Siglec-7 sensitizes leukemia cells to immune cell lysis, implying that targeting the CD43/Siglec-7 checkpoint could be therapeutically beneficial.
Sensing the presence of gods and spirits across cultures and faiths
Authors: Luhrmann Tanya Marie , Weisman Kara , Aulino Felicity , Brahinsky Joshua D. , Dulin John C. , Dzokoto Vivian A. , Legare Cristine H. , Lifshitz Michael , Ng Emily , Ross-Zehnder Nicole , Smith Rachel E. 
Published: January 2021

SignificanceThe sensory presence of gods and spirits is central to many of the religions that have shaped human history—in fact, many people of faith report having experienced such events. But these experiences are poorly understood by social scientists and rarely studied empirically. We present a multiple-discipline, multiple-methods program of research involving thousands of people from diverse cultures and religions which demonstrates that two key factors—cultural models of the mind and personal orientations toward the mind—explain why some people are more likely than others to report vivid experiences of gods and spirits. These results demonstrate the power of culture, in combination with individual differences, to shape something as basic as what feels real to the senses.
Targeting OCT3 attenuates doxorubicin-induced cardiac injury
Authors: Huang Kevin M. , Zavorka Thomas Megan , Magdy Tarek , Eisenmann Eric D. , Uddin Muhammad Erfan , DiGiacomo Duncan F. , Pan Alexander , Keiser Markus , Otter Marcus , Xia Sherry H. , Li Yang , Jin Yan , Fu Qiang , Gibson Alice A. , Bonilla Ingrid M. , Carnes Cynthia A. , Corps Kara N. , Coppola Vincenzo , Smith Sakima A. , Addison Daniel , Nies Anne T. , Bundschuh Ralf , Chen Taosheng , Lustberg Maryam B. , Wang Joanne , Oswald Stefan , Campbell Moray J. , Yan Pearlly S. , Baker Sharyn D. , Hu Shuiying , Burridge Paul W. , Sparreboom Alex 
Published: January 2021

Significance
Understanding the initiating mechanisms of cardiac injury associated with doxorubicin is fundamental to the development of novel preventative strategies. Evidence suggests that expression of membrane transporters contributes to the initial accumulation of doxorubicin in cardiomyocytes and, subsequently, cellular injury. Using patient-derived cardiomyocytes, we identified a candidate membrane transporter contributing to this debilitating phenotype and performed validation studies using engineered cell-based and animal models to demonstrate that targeting this transport mechanism can afford cardio-protection without compromising the anticancer properties of doxorubicin. Our findings provide insights that addresses an unmet therapeutic need in cancer patients receiving doxorubicin-based treatment.
Conceptual meaning in Italian speaking learners’ expression of temporality in L2 English
Authors: Austen Samantha , Jarvis Scott 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study explores conceptual meaning in the construal of distinct temporal concepts by L1 Italian speakers, and considers the possibility that L1 constrained perspectives may influence the L2 English production of these speakers in the form of Conceptual Transfer (CT). Adopting a Cognitive Linguistics framework,think aloudreports are used as a data collection technique capable of accessing the meanings that both L1 Italian and L1 English speakers seek to convey in relation to the target concepts in English. Analysis of thethink aloudreports revealed distinctly different approaches by the two language groups in the construal of these concepts. Results of this initial exploratory study point to cross-linguistic difference in the temporal meanings expressed, a role for L1 constrained construal in second language acquisition, the potential for CT based on this and the potency ofthink aloudreports in revealing this and other relevant factors.
Developing “conceptual knowledge” descriptors for CEFR-based proficiency levels
Authors: Galantomos Ioannis 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article proposes a framework for the integration of “conceptual knowledge” descriptors’ into CEFR (Common European Framework of Reference for languages)-based proficiency levels. Research on the difficulties faced by second language (L2) learners when learning an additional language has shown that apart from the pure linguistic and communicative errors, a further type of error, namely conceptual errors hinders communication in the target language. Conceptual errors are a manifestation of ill-developed conceptual knowledge, that is the ability to express oneself in an L2 while using the L2 conceptual system. Although there exists a number of studies linking conceptual knowledge and its constituent parts to native-like fluency, relatively little is present in the CEFR. Hence, the goal of this paper is twofold, first to introduce and clarify “conceptual knowledge” and second (and most importantly) to develop conceptual knowledge descriptors’ and sample activities for each CEFR level ranging from A2 to C2.