bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1373Severe acute respiratory infection with high mortality rate in Sana'a city, 2018-2019 Yemen
Authors: Mahsoon Manal , Ghaleb Yasser , Al-dubaiee Riham , Amad Mohamed Al 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
The burden of influenza and severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) in conflict countries such as Yemen is exacerbated due to limited resources and the collapse of the health system. The aims are to describe epidemiology of SARI, determine influenza detection and case fatality rates among SARI patients.

Methods
We used a descriptive analytical study design. All SARI patients who meet WHO case definition during 2018-2019 from Sana'a city were included. Nasopharyngeal samples were examined by polymerase chain reaction. A soft copy of data that collected by surveillance staff was obtained from the National Influenza Control Program (NICP). Case fatality rate and detection rate were calculated and P value &lt; 0.05 used for statistical significant.

Results
1447 SARI patients were reported: 73% males, 54% aged 15- &lt; 50 years. Comorbidity was among 27% (387) of them: (57% cardio-vascular diseases and 50% diabetes). Samples of 934 (64%) SARI patients were tested and influenza viruses were detected in 141 (15%) patients (13% type A and 2% type B). Higher influenza viruses were detected in winter months (November – February) (17% vs 9%, P &lt; 0.001). Overall SARI fatality rate was 19% (276), significantly higher among patients with comorbidity (26% vs 16%, P &lt; 0.001) confirmed influenza (30% Vs 15%, P value &lt; 0.001) and not receiving antiviral (51% vs 17%, P &lt; 0.001) than relevant groups.

Conclusions
SARI patients in Yemen had a high case-fatality rate particularly SARI patients with confirmed influenza. Introduce influenza vaccination for the risk group should be considered.

Key messages
Influenza and SARI cases are high in Yemen and progress to death.
1209Physical activity and sitting time across postpartum life stages: A cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Makama Maureen , Lim Siew , Skouteris Helen , Harrison Cheryce L. , Joham Anju E. , Mishra Gita D. , Teede Helena , Brown Wendy , Martin Julie C. , Moran Lisa J. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Physical activity (PA) is beneficial for psychological wellbeing and weight management but is generally low in postpartum women. This study aimed to investigate how PA and sitting time (ST) varied with time since last childbirth.

Methods
Data from survey 5 (N = 5219) of the 1973-8 birth cohort (31 – 36 years) of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health were used to assess association of time since last childbirth (0–6, 7–12 and &gt;12 months) with PA and ST using multiple linear regression.

Results
In adjusted model, PA was lower at 0–6 (-238.5METmin/day; 95%CI -319.6, -157.4) and 7–12 (-81.2METmin/day; 95%CI -157.0, -5.5) than &gt;12 months postpartum. ST was longer at 0–6 (0.65hours/day; 95%CI 0.39, 0.91), but not different at 7–12 than at &gt; 12 months postpartum. Overall, higher BMI and being pregnant were inversely associated, while being single, higher stress levels and better self-rated health were positively associated with PA. Conversely, better self-rated health, having more children and breastfeeding were inversely associated, while higher BMI, income and stress levels were positively associated with ST.

Conclusion
In the first 6 months, women are less physically active and sit longer than beyond the first postpartum year. This may be due to the high demands of infant feeding/care in early postpartum suggesting a need for additional support to safely resume PA e.g. walking and reduce sitting time.

Key message
The first 6 months postpartum is characterized by lower PA and longer ST which may contribute to obesity and chronic diseases.
341The birth of an electronic chronic disease registry bank in Nigeria
Authors: Makinde Olusesan , Mgbachi Ifeanyi , Salau Adeyemi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Nigeria is rapidly undergoing epidemiological transition resulting in a double burden of infectious and chronic diseases. Efforts have been concentrated on addressing infectious diseases, neglecting chronic diseases. However, the benefit of targeted chronic disease investigation cannot be overemphasized.

Methods
We conducted a literature search to identify ongoing chronic disease registry efforts in Nigeria. We then contacted the researchers and obtained additional information on the projects including information on the process for data management and number of contributing institutions.

Results
We found several single institutional efforts but were able to identify five efforts that were cross institutional and promising. These were the Cancer, Paediatric Cardiology, Adult Cardiology, Nephrology and Cardiac Surgery registries. Of the five, the cancer registry was well established with an electronic system and several publications from this registry. Next was the cardiac surgery registry with an online repository. Others did not have proper electronic archives and were often made of single institution efforts.

Conclusions
To address the data management need, we built a bank of chronic disease registries https://disreg.org/ and established partnerships with research teams. The bank is designed with multiple levels of access control. Additional registries can be plugged into the bank with ease. It provides a warehouse for chronic disease researchers to archive their data in Nigeria and potentially beyond.

Key messages
The bank will enrich the data available for investigating risk factors of chronic diseases pertinent in our environment.
1544Baseline predictors of attrition in a randomised controlled trial of treatments for people with recurrent binge eating episodes associated to overweight or obesity
Authors: Mannan Haider , Hay Phillipa 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Purpose
Understanding the high rate of treatment attrition in trials of people with eating disorders is important as it can compromise the quality of the trials. In clinical practice, it may also contribute to illness chronicity, relapse, and costs. Thus, we investigated factors associated with treatment attrition to a new manualised psychotherapy HAPIFED compared to CBT-E, for individuals with Bulimia Nervosa or Binge Eating Disorder comorbid with overweight or obesity.

Methods
In total, 98 participants were recruited with 50 randomised to HAPIFED and 48 to the control intervention CBT-E, all administered in groups of up to 10 participants. An investigator external to the site conducted the random allocation, which was concealed from the statistician involved in the analysis, and known only to the therapists until the finalization of the 12-month follow-up after the end of active treatment. Three scenarios in the timeline treatment of a total of 30 sessions were assessed: 33% or 60% or 75% of presence. Logistic regression analysis was performed to find the correlates of attrition.

Results
None of the six variables - frequency of binge eating episodes, purging, eating disorder symptom severity, weight, illness duration and mental health-related quality of life - significantly predicted attrition at 33%, but longer illness duration predicted lower treatment attrition at both 60% and 75% presence of the interventions. Also for 75% presence, lower body weight predicted lower treatment attrition.

Conclusions
Lower attrition due to late treatment completion was associated with longer binge eating illness length and a lower body weight. More research is needed to recognize factors that may interfere with engagement in treatments aiming to avoid early dropout.

Keywords
binge eating disorder, bulimia nervosa, cognitive therapy, obesity, patient dropout

Trial registration
US National Institutes of Health clinical trial registration number NCT02464345, date of registration 1 June 2015.
1145Obesity-related changes in metabolomic profiles in youth
Authors: Mansell Toby , Sabin Matthew , McCallum Zoe , Juonala Markus , Burgner David , Saner Christoph 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Obesity during childhood and adolescence is linked to subclinical atherosclerosis, metabolic dysfunction and later cardiovascular disease. Adults with obesity have metabolomic profiles that predict cardiovascular disease and mortality. Analogous data from children with obesity are sparse. Here, we aimed to investigate i) the relationship between the severity of obesity (determined by the percentage above the 95th BMI-centile (%&gt;95th BMI-centile)) and metabolomic profiles, ii) the effect of changes in the severity of obesity on the metabolomic profile and iii) the relationship between obesity-related metabolites and subclinical atherosclerosis outcomes.

Methods
Participants from the Childhood Overweight Biorepository of Australia (COBRA) cohort had %&gt;95th BMI-centile and NMR metabolomic profile (Nightingale, Finland) from fasted blood analysed at two time-points (mean interval of 5.5 years). At the follow-up visit, subclinical atherosclerosis phenotypes (carotid elasticity, carotid intima-media thickness, and pulse-wave velocity) were assessed.

Results
There were 98 participants who attended both visit 1 (mean %&gt;95th BMI-centile 134.6±19.0) and visit 2 (mean %&gt;95th BMI-centile 130.7±26.2). Higher absolute, and increasing severity, of obesity between visits were associated with increased phenylalanine, tyrosine, GlycA (a marker of chronic inflammation), and pyruvate, in both sexes (estimated increases of 0.14-0.18 standard deviations per 10% BMI-centile at visit 2, and 0.15-0.25 per 10% increase in BMI-centile between visits). There was modest evidence for a relationship between lower alanine and higher carotid elasticity.

Conclusions
In children with obesity, the overall severity of obesity and changes in obesity severity were associated with a metabolomic pattern that in adults is predictive of cardiovascular disease. In children, these metabolites were not related subclinical atherosclerosis; these relationships may become manifest with increasing age.

Key messages
There is evidence for an early effect of severe obesity on metabolomic profiles in childhood and adolescence.
1241Alcohol and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a negative control analysis
Authors: Martin Flo , Fraser Abigail , Zuccolo Luisa 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Alcohol increases blood pressure, yet estimates of its association with pre-eclampsia range from positive to negative. Here we estimated the association of maternal drinking during pregnancy with preeclampsia and gestational hypertension, separately and jointly as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). We also used partner’s alcohol intake as a negative control exposure to strengthen causal inference.

Methods
We used data on self-reported alcohol intake in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents And Children (ALSPAC, N∼9,000). HDP was ascertained from obstetric notes. Multivariable multinomial regression models were adjusted for confounders and mutually-adjusted for partner’s or maternal alcohol. Sensitivity analyses assessed the robustness of results to assumptions of no selection bias, no reporting bias, and no residual confounding (e.g. comparing estimates for beer and wine separately, which have different socioeconomic patterning).

Results
In mutually-adjusted analyses, maternal and partner’s drinking were associated with decreased HDP odds (OR(95% CI): 0.86(0.77–0.96) and 0.82(0.70-0.97)) respectively. In contrast, the negative control design confirmed the expected associations for maternal but not partner’s smoking (figure), demonstrating the validity of this approach. Multiple sensitivity analyses did not alter results. Estimates were more extreme for increasing levels of wine compared to increasing levels of beer drinking.

Conclusions
Our extensive negative control and sensitivity analyses point at confounding mechanisms shared between mothers and partners as the most plausible explanation for the alcohol-HDP association.

Key messages
It is unlikely that alcohol intake in pregnancy reduces the risk of HDP.
288What proportion of patients with chronic noncancer pain are prescribed an opioid medicine?
Authors: Mathieson Stephanie , Wertheimer Graeme , Maher Christopher G , Lin Christine , McLachlan Andrew J , Buchbinder Rachelle , Pearson Sallie-Anne , Underwood Martin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Guidelines now discourage opioid analgesics for chronic non-cancer pain because the benefits frequently do not outweigh the harms. This review determined the proportion of patients with chronic non-cancer pain who are prescribed an opioid, the types prescribed, and factors associated with prescribing.

Methods
Database searches were conducted from inception to 29th October 2018 without restrictions. We included observational studies of adults with chronic non-cancer pain measuring opioid prescribing. Opioids were categorised as weak (e.g. codeine) or strong (e.g. oxycodone). Risk of bias assessed study quality. Results were pooled using a random-effects model. Meta-regression investigated study-level factors associated with prescribing. The overall evidence quality was assessed using GRADE criteria.

Results
Of the 42 studies (5,059,098 participants) included, majority (n = 28) from the United States of America. Eleven studies were at low risk of bias. The pooled estimate of the proportion of patients with chronic non-cancer pain prescribed opioids was 30.7% (95%CI 28.7% to 32.7%, 42 studies, moderate-quality evidence). Strong opioids were more frequently prescribed than weak (18.4% (95%CI 16.0% to 21.0%, n = 15 studies, low-quality evidence), versus 8.5% (95%CI 7.2% to 9.9%, n = 15 studies, low-quality evidence)). Meta-regression determined opioid prescribing was associated with year of sampling (more prescribing in recent years) (p = 0.014) and not geographic region (p = 0.056).

Conclusions
Opioid prescribing for patients with chronic non-cancer pain is common and has increased over time.

Key message
Opioid prescribing for patients with chronic non-cancer pain and has increased over time. This review is the first systematic review to synthesized such data.
1267Prevalence and HLA-B27 Positivity Rate among Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis/Non-Radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis in Japan
Authors: Matsubara Yuri , Nakamura Yosikazu , Tomita Tetsuya 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) causes severe chronic inflammation of the spine and sacroiliac joints, leading to severe physical dysfunctions. Non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-ax SpA) is a newly categorized disease in SpA that shows SpA without definite radiographic findings in sacroiliac joint. Although human leukocyte antigen (HLA) positivity is related to these diseases, little is known about the prevalence of these diseases and HLA-B27 positivity in Japan.

Methods
A nationwide survey was conducted from January to December 2017. 2221/8456 facilities (26.3%) were selected randomly as a target sample, comprising all three departments: orthopedics, pediatrics, and rheumatology. We estimated the number of these patients by using response and extraction rate, and calculated the HLA-B27 positivity rate.

Results
We estimated the prevalence of AS and nr-ax SpA as 2.6/100,000 (0.0026%) and 0.6/100,000 (0.0006%), respectively. HLA-B27 test was performed in 60% of patients with AS, of which 55.5% being HLA-B27 positive; however, they were less likely to receive HLA-B27 test if their estimated age of onset was over 50 years.

Conclusions
The prevalence in AS and nr-ax SpA and their HLA-B27 positivity rate in Japan were lower compared to other countries. Further studies will be required to reveal the association between HLA-B27 and the clinical features.

Key messages
The prevalence of AS and nr-ax SpA in Japan are estimated to be 2.6/100,000 (0.0026%) and 0.6/100,000 (0.0006%), respectively, and are lower than those in other countries. In addition, HLA-B27 positivity rate was lower.
1382Adjustment for the Siblings of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder during COVID-19
Authors: Matsubara Yuri , Fossi Alexander , Townsend Sabra , Ross Wendy 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
During the COVID-19 pandemic, children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and neurotypical siblings of children with ASD and their parents and caregivers have been required to change their daily schedule. In this study, we focused on siblings of children with ASD to reveal their adjustment to their daily life. In addition, we examined their caregivers’ stress.

Methods
An online Qualtrics survey was given to caregivers of children with ASD on February, 2021 at Thomas Jefferson University in the United States. First, we assessed the severity of children with ASD. In addition, we examined how their neurotypical siblings adjusted to their daily life using the validated Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Moreover, we analyzed caregivers’ stress and their socioeconomic status.

Results
Fifteen caregivers responded to the survey. 42% of children with ASD had behavioral issues beforehand, 80% of which showed worse behaviors during this pandemic. Siblings of children with ASD showed higher scores of difficulties in adapting to new routines during COVID-19. Some caregivers lost their jobs and caregivers of those with behavioral issues reported stress levels that were 4.4 points higher on the scale.

Conclusions
Siblings of children with ASD and their caregivers are facing difficulties in their daily life during this pandemic. Appropriate support systems for children with ASD, their siblings, and their parents and caregivers may help them with their better adjustment.

Key messages
Siblings of children with ASD show difficulties in adjusting, and their caregivers feel more stress during COVID-19 pandemic.
879Sleep Duration and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in people with diabetes
Authors: Melaku Yohannes Adama , Appleton Sarah , Reynolds Amy , Gills Tiffany , Adams Robert 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Evidence shows that habitual short and long sleep is associated with higher mortality risk in the general population. However, studies on the association between sleep duration and mortality in people with diabetes are scarce.

Methods
Data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) of the United States (US) between 2004 and 2014 (N = 32,766) were used. Self-reported habitual sleep duration for those with self-reported doctor diagnosed diabetes was categorized as ≤ 6 hr (short sleep), 7-8 hr (adequate sleep), and ≥9 hr (long sleep). Mortality status and cause of death data were retrieved from the US National Death Index and linked. We used adjusted Cox proportional models to examine the association between sleep duration and mortality risk. Dose-response relationships were quantified. Sensitivity analysis was performed excluding cardiovascular and cancer cases.

Results
In the median follow-up time of 4.6 years (171,375.2 person-years), 5312 all-cause, 1129 cardiovascular, 1148 cancer and 494 diabetes deaths were recorded. Whereas short sleep duration (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR)=1.04; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.97, 1.11) in diabetic patients was not associated with all-cause mortality, long sleep duration was positively (aHR=1.43; 95% CI: 1.30, 1.57) associated with increased mortality risk. A similar trend of association was found with cause-specific mortality and the dose-response analysis identified a “J” shape association. Similar results were found upon sensitivity analysis.

Conclusions
Long but not short sleep duration is associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in diabetic patients.

Key messages
Sleep should be part of behavioural intervention to prevent premature mortality in those with diabetics.
67Maternal Exposure to PM2.5 from a Coal Mine Fire is Associated with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Melody Shannon , Wills Karen , Ford Jane , Venn Alison , Johnston Fay 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
In 2014, the Hazelwood coal mine fire was an unprecedented six-week severe smoke event in the Latrobe Valley, southeastern Australia. We aimed to determine whether maternal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) attributable to coal mine fire smoke was associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and abnormal placentation.

Methods
We defined a cohort of all births &gt;20 weeks in the Latrobe Valley from 1 March 2012 - 31 Dec 2015 utilising administrative perinatal data. Average and peak PM2.5 was assigned to residential address at delivery using a chemical transport model. Maternal, meteorological and temporal variables were included in final log-binomial regression models.

Results
3,612 singleton pregnancies were included; 766 were exposed to the smoke event. Average maternal PM2.5 exposure was 4.4 µg/m3 (IQR 2.1). Average peak PM2.5 exposure was 44.9 µg/m3 (IQR 35.0). An interquartile range increase in average and peak PM2.5 was associated with a 7% and 16% increased likelihood of GDM respectively (Average PM2.5 95%CI 1.03, 1.10; &lt;0.0001; Peak PM2.5 95%CI 1.09, 1.22; &lt;0.0001). No association for hypertensive disorders or abnormal placentation was observed.

Conclusions
This is the first study to examine obstetric complications relating to a discrete smoke event. These findings may guide the public health response to future similar events.

Key messages
Exposure to a smoke event was associated with an increased risk of GDM.
The public health implications may be substantial with a changing climate.
855Multiple Imputation in the Context of Case-Cohort Studies: Simulation and Case Study
Authors: Middleton Melissa , Moreno-Betancur Margarita , Carlin John , Lee Katherine J 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Multiple imputation (MI) is commonly used to address missing data in epidemiological studies, but valid use requires compatibility between the imputation and analysis models. Case-cohort studies use unequal sampling probabilities for cases and controls which are often accounted for during analyses through inverse probability weighting (IPW). It is unclear how to apply MI for missing covariates while achieving compatibility in this setting.

Methods
A simulation study was conducted with missingness in two covariates, motivated by a case-cohort investigation within the Barwon Infant Study. MI methods considered involved including interactions between the outcome (as a proxy for weights) and analysis variables, stratification by weights, and ignoring weights, within the context of an IPW analysis. Factors such as the target estimand, proportion of incomplete observations, missing data mechanism and subcohort selection probabilities were varied to assess performance of MI methods.

Results
There was similar performance in terms of bias and efficiency across the MI methods, with expected improvements compared to IPW applied to the complete cases. Precision tended to decrease as the subcohort selection probability decreased. Similar results were observed irrespective of the proportion of incomplete cases.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that it makes little difference how weights are incorporated in the MI model in the analysis of case-cohort studies, potentially due to only two weight classes in this setting.

Key messages
If and how the weights are incorporated in the imputation model may have little impact in the analysis of case-cohort studies with incomplete covariates