bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biosynthesis of Gold Nanoparticles: A Simple Method of Size Controlled using Clitoria Ternatea Flower Extract
Authors: Chan J Z , Rasit Ali R , Shameli K , Tarmizi Z I , Salleh M S N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The broad range of nanotechnology applications makes it an immensely developing field especially form the areas of science and technology. A facile and eco-friendly biosynthesis approach was introduced in this study. The aqueous flower extract of Clitoria ternatea (CT) is used to reduce gold ions, gold(III) chloride trihydrate (HAuCl ·3H O) to gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs). The effect of reaction time (15 min, 60 min) was changed to determine the outcome of the size of nanoparticles. CT flower extract plays an essential part in producing Au-NPs which act as a stabilizing and reducing (Au3+ to Au) agent to reduce the consumption of harmful substances during the synthesis of CT/Au-NPs. Furthermore, it also cut down the production of unnecessary side product during the reaction that can cause harm to the ecosystem and surrounding. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy was used for quantification of CT/Au-NPs synthesized form different parameters. An absorption UV-vis peaks of CT/Au-NPs was noticed approximately at the range of 540 nm wavelength with different concentration of HAuCl ·3H O. X-ray diffraction was used to identify the structure and purity of synthesized CT/Au-NPs. These spectrums provide a sharp peak at around 2θ = 38.44°, 44.41°, 65.03°, and 77.58° respectively. Meanwhile, it also correlated to a face-centered cubic structure with a plane of (111), (200), (220), and (311). Furthermore, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis showed the formation of highly distributed CT/Au-NPs with an average diameter of about 15.53±10.12 nm to 59.43±27.62 nm and mostly spherical. This paper has been concentrated on producing simple, cost-effective, non-toxic, and environmentally friendly nanoparticles with size controlled.
Preparation and characterisation of irradiated waste eggshells as oil adsorbent
Authors: Hasrin N I , Othman S A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Adsorption method had been developed by using natural organic adsorbent for the removal of oil because of its ability to bind the oil molecules into the surface of adsorbent. In this study, chicken eggshells waste was used and it undergoes irradiation process with four different amount of dose which was 0.5 kGy, 1.0 kGy, 1.5 kGy, and 2.0 kGy by using Gamma Cell Irradiator. Three equipment had been used for the characterization process which were the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The adsorption experiment was conducted to calculate the sorption efficiency by using different mass of samples. The result showed that irradiated chicken eggshells powder with 2.0 kGy amount of radiation dose has a best performance as oil adsorbent.
Modeling of magnetorheological elastomer rheological properties using artificial neural network
Authors: Saharuddin K D , Mohammed Ariff M H , Bahiuddin I , Mazlan S A , Abdul Aziz S A , Nazmi N , Fatah A Y A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
One of the important issues of Magnetorheological (MR) elastomer characteristic is to determine the linear viscoelastic region (LVE). This lead to the number of prediction models to predict the characteristic of MR elastomer based on its rheological properties. Based on the previous research, it is found that the availability of prediction model is regarded as one of the concerned issue in the development of MR elastomer material and devices. Therefore in this work, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is proposed as prediction model due to its advantages particularly in terms of non-parametric modeling approach flexibility. Here, the shear strain and magnetic flux density are adopted as the inputs of the prediction model. Meanwhile the predicted outputs were the storage and loss modulus. The prediction model performance index was analyzed based on its generalization performance. Comparison between simulation result and experiment data shows good agreement where prediction on 0.80T of output storage modulus produced 0.0086MPa and 0.998 for Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Coefficient of Determination (R2) respectively.
Palm olein solid soap as a matrix for organophosphate decontamination agents
Authors: Abdul Latif N S , Ariff H , Mohamed R A , Halim N Abdul , Mohamad Noor S A , Khim O K , Mohd Kasim N A , Wan Yunus W M Z 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Penetration of organophosphates through skin is one of the major routes for organophosphate poisonings which are associated with acute injuries and deaths. Thus, immediate and effective decontamination of these chemicals from the exposed skin is essential to prevent them from entering the body. Soap solutions which have a capacity to remove effectively the organophosphates from the skin, can be modified by adding suitable additives, to make them capable to convert the poisons into harmful chemicals to the environment. Although soaps are commercially abundant, their exact formulations are unknown. In order to understand soap interactions with their additives, the knowledge of the soap compositions is needed. In this paper, we describe the results of our attempts to synthesise soaps from palm olein and coconut oil by saponification process using sodium hydroxide. Our study showed that, the soap synthetized from palm olein and sodium hydroxide solution has similar physicochemical properties with those of the selected commercial soap. This soap will be modified and further characterised for removal of organophosphates from contaminated skins. This paper report results of our preliminary study on the soap characterization prior to formulation of the soap with active ingredient as organophosphate decontamination agent.
Preparation and characterization of polysaccharide mediated copper nanoparticle: The effect of time-varying exposure
Authors: Tarmizi Z I , Arifin N I , Rasit Ali R , Shameli K , Zhe J C , Salleh M S N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper reported the synthesis of copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) via the chemical method in the presence of CuSO4.5H20 as precursor, polysaccharide as a stabilizer and ascorbic acid was acted as a reducing agent. In this study, the irradiation time was varied to evaluate the effect of time exposure with the Cu-NPs production. The analysis of samples without and with polysaccharide was characterized using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared coupled with attenuated total reflection instrument (ATR-FTIR). Based on the observation, reddish-brown colour solution demonstrated the formation of Cu-NPs and UV-Vis proved the plasmon resonance (SPR) spectra at the peak of 580 nm. The sharp peak of XRD at angle 2Ɵ gives the value of 43.69°, 50.81°, and 74.42° was attributed to Cu-NPs and the presence of polysaccharides maintained the crystallinity of Cu-NPs. FTIR results shows that the interaction peaks were occurred based on shifting of the peak to higher wavenumber. In conclusion, Cu-NPs were successfully produced by using the microwave method and be a function of time.
Correlation Between Slump, VeBe and Compaction Factor of Concrete Containing Shredded PET Bottles, Manufactured Sand (M-sand) and River Sand as Fine Aggregate
Authors: Nadimalla A , Masjuki S A , Saad S A , Ali M , Husain N M , Azahar W N A W , Kasim N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper investigates the effects of the properties of fresh concrete incorporating shredded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) bottles and Manufactured Sand (M-sand) together as fine aggregates replacement in concrete mixtures. The investigation to determine the correlation of the fresh properties of concrete were mainly experimental based and the experiments involved were Slump Test, VeBe Test and Compaction Factor Test. There were two different concrete batches were prepared, in which the first batch was partially replaced by M-sand and the second batch was partially replaced by M-sand and shredded PET bottles as fine aggregate replacements. The proportion of M-sand content and M-sand with shredded PET bottles were 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% (for M-sand) and 1.5% proportion of shredded PET bottles respectively. The mix design was prepared in accordance to the Department of Environment (DOE) method and utilizes M30 as the Class of Concrete. A novel empirical relationship between slump, VeBe, and compaction factor for the shredded PET bottles and M-Sand based M30 concrete was proposed. The outcomes of this research has proven beneficial to the construction industries as the utilisation of waste and recycled materials has the potential for sustainable construction.
Sustainability Assessment in The Textile and Apparel Industry: A Review of Recent Studies
Authors: Gbolarumi F T , Wong K Y , Olohunde S T 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study was carried out to present general concept and overview of sustainability assessment of textile industry. Textile and apparel industries generate environmental harm at all stages of production from raw material cultivation to disposal of finished goods. Large amounts of chemical loads, high amount of water usage, high energy consumption, air emission, solid waste and odour formation are the major environmental challenge in textile industries. There is a need to assess the performance of textile industry while considering the three facets of sustainability to achieve a sustainable production. Five keywords such as sustainable development, sustainable manufacturing, sustainability assessment, textile industry and triple bottom line were used to investigate and find recent and related studies. The studies were critically reviewed and evaluated at different assessment levels, source and weight of indicators and boundaries of sustainability assessment. Furthermore, the reviewed findings were critically discussed along with their strengths and weaknesses. The reviewed studies revealed that most sustainability evaluations were conducted on sector, product and process/work cell levels in the textile and apparel industry. However, it is necessary to emphasize more on company assessment level to accomplish the three pillars of sustainability objectives. Environmental dimension measurement in textile industry had been fairly developed and standardized. However, from economic and social perspectives, only cost analysis, employee’s welfare and safety were mostly considered in all the reviewed studies. Hence, more investigation and validation must be performed on social and economic indicators in textile industries.
The Relationship between Workplace Window and Seating Arrangement
Authors: Achoba M I , Abdul Majid R B , Obiefuna C O 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The partnership of public and private sectors, civil society and citizens are required in the realization of the Envision 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. Target number 8 goal is the main focus of this paper, by investigating the current work environment effects on its occupants. Office occupants spend most of their time in the work environment, hence it is appropriate to ensure a healthy environment is maintained. Presently, the workplace seating arrangement is mostly done neglecting the benefits of the window and view which provides a restorative effect to the occupants. A total of 267 respondents were involved in this study using a cross-sectional approach. The study was carried out in Kogi State Government offices in Nigeria. The study made use of a close-ended questionnaire. Subsequently, descriptive analysis and Structural Equation Modelling were used to obtain results. The results showed a valid model, the factors that are interrelated in the relationship between seating arrangement and window reveal a low overall regression weight. The low output suggests that urgent measures need to be put in place to sustain a healthy environment for occupants. The path diagrams reveal that seating arrangement to view satisfaction is significant. In practice, the findings of this study will serve as a useful indicator to provide positive solutions and enforce policies that will maintain a purposeful and effective workplace allocation for occupants. It is hoped that the study will give an insight into the enforcement of the Bill empowering Facility managers and other building stakeholders to effectively practice in public buildings, thereby promoting a healthy working environment.
Risk assessment for apartment building maintenance using Fuzzy-FMEA methods
Authors: Reza A , Vanany I , Machsus  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In apartment buildings, damage often occurs during maintenance. This study aims to identify risks, estimate risks, and provide mitigation actions for risks in apartment building maintenance. Types of risks that often occur, namely for the kind of work (1) civil and (2) MEP (Mechanical Electrical and Plumbing). Risk assessment in this research uses the Fuzzy-FMEA method (Failure mode and effect analysis). The results of risk assessment, the most critical risk is the risk of damage to marble floors with an FRPN value of 64.7. By using the FMEA method, as we know that there are seven causes of marble floor damage, namely (1) no standard work procedures, (2) no employee training, (3) unhealthy workers, (4) drugs influence, (5) no there is an inspection at the time of handover, (6) no routine checklist, and (7) strong winds. Some mitigation actions are also describes in this paper.
Modelling tank truck routing for city park watering problems in Surabaya
Authors: Arini N I , Siswanto N , Rusdiansyah A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Surabaya City Government tries to have 20% public and 10% private green open space to obey regulation of Indonesian Law No. 26/2007, so that the City Government is actively increasing the number of public green space by creating city parks. With the ever-increasing amount of green open space, maintenance activities are needed, one of which is to do routine watering every day. The problem often faced by the City Government is determining the truck routes to optimize traveling time. Many variables can affect this traveling time, among others, demand, number of vehicles, vehicle capacity, time windows, operating hours and vehicle routes. In practice, a large number of watering locations, irregular routes, and uneven service area assignments often result in overtime which impacts the next shift working hours. The water truck routing problem can be categorized as NP Hard so that the process of scheduling and determining routes use Ant Colony. The objective of this study is to develop a model that can minimize the total routing time and the number of vehicles in the process of filling and watering from the depot to the park. The scenarios developed provides savings in terms of time minimization and distribution of assignments.
Design and implementation for performance measurement system in the power plant operation and maintenance company
Authors: Andrias P M , Vanany I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to re-design and implementation performance measurement system using Balanced Scorecards (BSc) in power plant operations and maintenances companies. Three main lack of existing performance measurement system that are reasoning to conduct the re-design performance measurement system in case study such as lack in strategy map, weights on perspectives, strategy objectives, and Key Performance Indicators (KPI’s), and some KPI’s do not represent relevant performance and are not measurable in quantitative data. Determining 16 strategy objectives and 43 KPI’s based on strategy company and weights and target each KPI’s was been conducted. Based measurement using scoring system were calculated and analyzed. The poor performance (red color) was analyzed to be improvement in next year. The recommendations given are increasing human resources competencies and capabilities as electricity regulation and electricity market requirement, as well as enhance information technology system to support data base that aim completion of work more effectively.
Tensile properties of epoxy/1 wt% graphene nanocomposites prepared with ethanol
Authors: Saharudin M S , Hasbi S , Okolo C , Inam F 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this research, solution casting technique was applied to produce four types of nanocomposites. Different ethanol dosages; 0g, 1g, 3g, and 5g were used to disperse graphene in the epoxy matrix. It was observed that 1g dosage of ethanol was the most effective concentration to disperse 1wt% graphene in the epoxy matrix. At 1 g dosage of ethanol used, the Young’s modulus, tensile strength, and toughness were increased by 130%, 76%, and 187% respectively. SEM images illustrated that the graphene was able to inhibit the advancing cracks and detoured cracks propagation. It is observed that the ethanol needs to be removed completely during processing to ensure its effectiveness, otherwise, the remaining ethanol can cause porosity which is undesirable to the tensile properties of the nanocomposites.
Cluster analysis to determine business strategy for MSMEs in Yogyakarta
Authors: Nugraha R S , Jatiningrum W S , Astuti R D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia need to be encouraged to develop themselves. This is due to their contribution in the national economies. Yogyakarta, known as a creative city, has various kinds of micro enterprises, particularly food business. The appropriate strategies need to be applied to develop their business. Nevertheless, many food businesses in Yogyakarta city has different characteristics. The purpose of this study is to cluster food businesses as micro enterprises in Yogyakarta. K-means method is used to analyse 38 food businesses based on 13 variables related to characteristics of food businesses. 2 clusters obtained were named ‘prepared to level up cluster’ and ‘developing cluster’. ‘Prepared to level up cluster’ was considered to be more potential than ‘developing cluster’. SWOT analysis was then used to formulate the appropriate strategy for each cluster. By calculating total score of internal and external factor evaluation, obtained appropriate strategies for each cluster. Growth strategy through vertical integration was suitable for ‘prepared to level up cluster’. Meanwhile, ‘developing cluster’ need to adopt growth strategy through horizontal integration to develop its business.
In the search of oil and gas incident causal factors: The Gaussian Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process approach
Authors: Wicaksono F D , Arshad Y B 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Learning from events is a crucial measure to reduce the number of catastrophic incidents on board the oil and gas industry. It is critical to have a better understanding of the root causes behind the incidents. A better understanding of the incident causal factors can be accomplished by investigating thoroughly previous incident reports and determine the most notable factors in contributing to the incidents. This paper mainly elaborates and analyzes incident reports produced by the International Oil and Gas Producer Association’s (IOGP’s) reports from 2010 until 2018 located in the worldwide operation. The most contributing factors lead to the oil and gas incidents are examined in this paper utilizing Gaussian fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, an improved methodology of fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) by embedding Gaussian fuzzy number within the evaluation process. Gaussian fuzzy number is obtained by random simulation corresponding to the Gaussian probability density function. The result of this paper reveals the more accurate and realistic representation of incident causal factors determination. This point of view helps in better explaining oil and gas incidents causal factors, where precaution measures should be directed and efficiently managed.
PCA effect on the 3D face recognition system speed
Authors: Kusnadi A , Wella  , Winantyo R , Pane I Z 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a system of three-dimensional (3D) face recognition is not done through 3D face reconstruction method but directly uses the data retrieved from Kinect Xbox camera system. From a previous study, there exists a possibility to increase the speed and accuracy of the system. In order to accelerate the recognition speed, a single step in the said study is eliminated, which is the reconstruction of 3D face data. The algorithms used in this research are Backpropagation Neural Network and PCA. Testing is done in two ways. The first test uses a combination of Backpropagation and PCA, while the second test uses Backpropagation only. PCA has the function of simplifying the amount of data, thereby reducing the amount of computing that can increase speed system. The results show that the system that uses a combination of Backpropagation and PCA achieved an increase in speed up to 34.2 times, but a reduced accuracy of 8.5%.
Process improvement using value stream mapping and lean methodology: a case study application in batch chemical process industry
Authors: Lie S R , Kusumastuti R D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Intensifying competition in the global chemicals market is increasing the pressure on companies to adopt lean manufacturing and improve their operational efficiency to remain competitive. Companies operating in emerging economies are no exception. This study looks at the application of value stream mapping (VSM) in the production process of a batch chemical manufacturing company based in Indonesia. The application of value stream method is a multistep approach. A value stream scope is determined in the beginning, followed by a data collection step to construct a current state map. The current state is analysed to gain a deep understanding of how things currently operate and provides the foundation for the ideal future state of the production process. The production process is then redesigned following lean manufacturing principles, and the future state map is drawn. Analysis is then conducted to estimate the potential cost reduction from implementing the proposed future state. The results indicate a more efficient production system as shown by decreased production lead time and reduced production costs.
Bi-objective optimization model for integrated planning in container terminal operations
Authors: Prayogo D N , Hidayatno A , Komarudin  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we studied an integrated planning optimization model in container operations consisting of tactical and operational level decisions. At the tactical level decision, integration planning includes berth allocation problem, quay crane assignment problem and yard allocation planning. These tactical level decisions are integrated with quay crane scheduling which is an operational level decision at the container terminal. Integration of planning in container terminals is needed because the decision on berth allocation, namely berthing position and berthing time in seaport, is highly dependent on the decision of reserved sub-blocks positions in container yard allocation, the number of quay cranes assigned to each vessel and its scheduling on each vessel bays. This integrated planning decision optimization has two objective functions; namely: (i) minimizing total operational cost, and (ii) maximizing service level. Numerical experiments have been carried out to obtain total cost efficiency and maximum service level resulting from the proposed optimization model.