bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ambipolar Current Suppression, Analog/RF and Linearity Performance Improvement of Dual Material Stacked Gate Oxide TFET with Dielectric Pocket
Authors: nishad dharmender , Nigam kaushal 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this article, the impact of high-K and low-K dielectric pockets on DC, analog/RF, and linearity performance parameters of dual material stacked gate oxide-dielectric pocket-tunnel field-effect transistor (DMSGO-DP-TFET) is investigated. In this regard, a stacked gate oxide (SiO2 + HfO2) with workfunction engineering is taken into consideration to improve the ON-state current (ION ), and suppress the ambipolar current (Iamb). To further improve the performance of the device, a high-K dielectric pocket (HfO2) is used at the drain-channel interface to suppress the Iamb, and at the source-channel interface a low-K dielectric pocket is used to improve the ION and analog/RF performance. Moreover, length of stacked gate segments (L1, L2, L3), pocket height, and thickness are optimized to attain better ION /IOFF ratio, and suppress the Iamb which helps to achieve higher gain and design of analog/RF circuits. The DMSGO-DP-TFET outperforms the dual material control gate-dielectric pocket-TFET (DMCG-DP-TFET) with SiO2 gate oxide and shows increment in ION /IOFF (∼ 4.23 times), 84 % increment in transconductance (gm), 136 % increment in cut-off frequency (fT ), 126 % increment in gain-bandwidth-product (GBP), and better linearity performance parametrs such as gm2 ,gm3, VIP2, VIP3 and IIP3 making the proposed device useful for low power and radio frequency applications.
Amplified Risk of Compound Heat Stress-Dry Spells in Urban India
Authors: Ganguli Poulomi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Compound warm-dry spells over land, which is expected to occur more frequently and expected to cover a much larger spatial extent in a warming climate, result from the simultaneous or successive occurrence of extreme heatwaves, low precipitation, and synoptic conditions, e.g., low surface wind speeds. While changing patterns of weather and climate extremes cannot be ameliorated, effective mitigation requires an understanding of the multivariate nature of interacting drivers that influence the occurrence frequency and predictability of these extremes. However, risk assessments are often focused on univariate statistics, incorporating either extreme temperature or low precipitation; or at the most bivariate statistics considering concurrence of temperature versus precipitation, without accounting for synoptic conditions influencing their joint dependency. Based on station-based daily meteorological records from 23 urban and peri-urban locations of India, covering the 1970-2018 period, this study identifies four distinct regions that show temporal clustering of the timing of heatwaves. Further, combining joint probability distributions of interacting drivers, this analysis explored compound warm-dry potentials that result from the co-occurrence of warmer temperature, scarcer precipitation, and synoptic wind patterns. The results reveal a 50-year severe heat stress tends to be more frequent and is expected to become 5 to 17-year events at each location. Notably, considering dependence among drivers, a median 6-fold amplification (ranging from 3 to 10-fold) in compound warm-dry spell frequency is apparent relative to the expected annual number of a local 50-year severe heatwave episode, indicating warming-induced desiccation is already underway over most of the urbanized areas of the country.
Air Pollution and Hospital Admission for Epilepsy in Kerman, Iran
Authors: Farahmandfard Mohammad Amin , Ebrahimi Hossein Ali , Mirzaee Moghaddameh , Khanjani Prof Narges 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: There is little information about air pollution and epilepsy attacks. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between air pollution and epilepsy admission in Kerman, Iran.Methods: This was an ecological study, in which the concentrations of ambient air pollutants and meteorological data were inquired from the Kerman Environmental Protection Agency and the Kerman Meteorology Organization respectively, and epilepsy admission data were obtained from Kerman’s Shafa hospital Epilepsy Registry. Generalized Additive Models (GAM) with lags up to 7 days were used for estimating the Relative Risks (RR).Results: During 2008 until 2020, 894 epilepsy admission occurred in Kerman which 498 (55.7%) were male. The strongest relation between epilepsy admission was seen in the over 59 years group for CO in lag 0 (RR = 2.1455, 95% CI: 1.5823–2.9091), for NO2 in lag 0 (RR =1.0409, 95% CI: 1.0282–1.0537), and for PM2.5 in lag 5 (RR =1.0157, 95% CI: 1.0062–1.0252). Also for PM10 in the under 18 year's group in lag 2 (RR =1.0064, 95% CI: 1.0029–1.0098), for O3 in lag 0 (RR =0.9671, 95% CI: 0.9581–0.9761) and for SO2 in lag 5 (RR = 0.9937, 95% CI: 0.9891–0.9983).Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that CO, NO2, PM2.5, and PM10 air pollutants might be risk factors for epilepsy admission in Kerman.
CS in Uruguay From 2008 to 2018: Country Analysis Based on the Robson Classification
Authors: Colomar Mercedes , Colistro Valentina , Sosa Claudio , Betrán Ana Pilar , Serruya Suzanne , de Mucio Bremen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The use of caesarean section has steadily increased all over the globe, with Latin America being the region with the highest rates. Multiple factors account for that increase. The Robson classification is appropriate to systematically evaluate and compare determinants at the clinical level for caesarean section rates over time, as well as to account for local and international needs. The purpose of this study is to describe the evolution of caesarean section rates by Robson groups in Uruguay from 2008 to 2018 using a country level database.Methods: Caesarean section rates were calculated by Robson groups for each of the years included, disaggregated by care sector (public/private) and by geographical area (Capital City/Non-Capital).Results: Among the groups at lower risk of caesarean section (1 to 4), the highest rates of caesarean section were seen in women in group 2B, followed by those in group 4B. Women in groups 2B, 3 and 4 (A and B) (Figure 2) had a significant increase in the number of caesarean section in those 11 years. A significant growth was also observed in groups 5, 8, and 10. A tendency towards a relative increased was seen in groups 2A, 3, 4A-B, and 5 (Figure S5 – Supplementary Material). The private sector had higher rates of caesarean section for all groups throughout the period, except for women in group 9. The private sector in Montevideo presented the highest rates in the groups with the lowest risk of caesarean section 1, 2A, 3 and 4A, followed by the private sector outside of the capital. The analysis of the relative contribution to the overall caesarean section rate, showed that group 5 was the one with the highest contribution, and it kept growing steadily over the years, while there was a decrease in the relative contribution of group 1 to the overall caesarean section rate.Conclusion: Uruguay is no exception to the increasing caesarean section trend, even in groups of women who have lower risk of requiring caesarean section. The implementation of interventions aimed at reducing caesarean section in the groups with lower obstetric risk in Uruguay is warranted.
How does Outward Foreign Direct Investment Affect Enterprise Green Technology Innovation? — Based on the Moderating effect of Resources
Authors: Wu Haoqiang , HU Sumin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
with the increasing strict environmental regulations in the green transition process, outward foreign direct investment is considered to be an effective approach to promote enterprises’ green technology innovation. Thus, this paper establishes a comprehensive research framework that integrates OFDI and green technology innovation from the micro level of the enterprise to analyze it. The findings show that: First, OFDI will positively affect corporate green-tech innovation as expected; Government subsidies have a U-shaped regulation on the relation between OFDI and green-tech innovation; Absorbed slack plays an inverted U-shaped moderating effect on the relation between OFDI and green-tech innovation, and the unabsorbed slack positively affect this process. As for the heterogeneity of property rights, the test results of non-state-owned enterprises and state-owned enterprises are basically consistent with the baseline results, except for the following two points: the unabsorbed slack of state-owned enterprises has no regulatory effect between OFDI and enterprise green technology innovation, and the absorbed slack of non-state-owned enterprises has no regulatory effect between OFDI and enterprise green technology innovation.
Using a Deflector and Crest Design to Make a Safe Spillway Operation
Authors: Esmaelizadeh Sorosh , Lashkar-Ara Babak 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Floods are an important hazard throughout the world. The origins of some floods are a dam failure, hydraulic structure failure as well as an improper performance of the spillway. Among these, shaft spillways are known as a flood drainage system in dams, which is submerged by increasing the level of the reservoir, so that reduces the spillway efficiency and causes over topping. Investigations show that using deflector and aeration in shaft spillways will cause the flow pattern to improve. In this study, it has been tried to experiment on the impact of a deflector located in the throat and inlet geometry of the crest on the improvement of the hydraulic performance of the shaft spillway, and decrease to some extent the hazard induced by lack of timely drainage of floods in dam reservoirs. In order to investigate the deflector effect, three constriction specimens in shaft throat with constriction area to shaft area ratio (Ad/Ai) of respectively 0.75, 0.5 and 0.25 were considered as scenarios. In each scenario, the conditions of the flow passing through 12 different specimens of spillway with Crown Wheel inlets were tested and the results were compared with the flow conditions in crown wheel spillways without deflector (reference model). The results showed that the use of deflector has an important role in reducing vortex flows and stabilizing changes in the water level of the reservoir, and also increases the discharge coefficient of the flow. The studies on reference models also showed that Crown Wheel inlets (C.W.) improved shaft spillway performance, with C.W. spillways having an average discharge coefficient of 32% higher than shaft spillways. Finally, considering optimal deflector factors and C.W. geometry, an optimal model was proposed for flood reservoir conditions.
Screening Recommendation Adherence Among First-Degree Relatives of People With Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Fiala Mark A 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To determine what factors are associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) screening adherence among first-degree relatives (FDRs) of people with CRC.Methods: The study used data from the 2015 National Health Interview Survey, a nationally representative survey in the US. Self-reported CRC screening rates were compared between FDRs and their peers without a family history of CRC. Participants were considered to be adherent if they had undergone any of the following: fecal immonchemical test within the prior 1 year, sigmoidscopy or computed tomography colongraphy within 5 years, or colonoscopy within 10 years. Multivariable models of CRC screening adherence were created for both cohorts and the results compared. Results: The analysis included 11,381 people age 50-75 at time of survey. Overall, 62% of participants were adherent to screening recommendations. FDR of people with CRC were more likely to be adherent (76% compared to 61%, p < 0.001). In the multivariable models, a FDR with CRC was associated with an 86% increase in odds of being adherent to recommendations (aOR 1.86; 95% CI 1.59-2.59). Race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic variables were all associated with adherence. Models were largely similar between FDRs of people with CRC and the general public. Conclusions: Approximately one-quarter of FDRs of people with CRC are not adherent to screening recommendations. Further outreach is needed for members of minority races and the Hispanic community and additional efforts are needed to increase the accessibility of CRC screening for those with more limited finances and the uninsured.
‘Attitude and knowledge among Medical Students Towards Collaboration of Dental and Medical Practice: A Cross Sectional Survey in Southern India’
Authors: Kumar Harshit Atul , Kadakampally David , Uppoor Ashita , Unnikrishnan B , Mitra Prasanna 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Enhancing oral health care services provided through inter-professional collaboration between medical and dental practitioner is important, and even essential. Purpose of this study is to assess the attitude and knowledge among medical students towards Medical-Dental collaborative practice.Methods: A cross sectional questionnaire survey was done on medical students of 3rd year, 4thyear and interns of medical colleges in coastal South India. 234 responses obtained and correlated with age, gender and year of study of participants. The questionnaire consisted of 11 questions with 5-point likert scale response to elicit their attitude and knowledge regarding medical-dental collaborative practice. Results: Most of the students agreed that oral health was an integral part of systemic health, but statistically significant (p<0.05) participants disagreed on attending compulsory rotation in dentistry, moreover participants did not agree to physician’s active role in motivating their patients for regular dental check-up. 82 % of the medical students are of opinion that dental check-up should be included in the health packages under health insurance. Statistically significant (p<0.05) difference seen among 3rd year & 4thyear students, interns and also it was seen that females have given better response towards medical-dental collaboration. Conclusion: Even though medical students showed fairly positive attitude and knowledge towards dentistry, the analysis within the study groups showed that knowledge and attitude regarding the collaborative practice worsened over the academic years among the medical students. To break the stereotypes, continuing education is very useful means to foster collaboration to improving resource efficiency and the standard of care.
Implementation Barriers and Enablers for Preventing Domestic Violence against Women in Northwestern Ethiopia: A Qualitative Implementation Research
Authors: Semahegn Agumasie , Torpey Kwasi , Manu Adom , Assefa Nega , Agyeman Naana , Ankomah Augustine 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Ethiopia is signatory to various international and regional conventions, agreements and protocols related to violence against women, yet the many women suffer violence. To date, very little is known about how these conventions and protocols are implemented, and the barriers associated with implementation. Our study explored the barriers to implementation of domestic violence against women prevention policies and enablers in the Northwestern Ethiopia.Methods: We conducted in-depth interviews, key informant interviews and focus group discussions among a total of 43 participants purposefully selected from different sectors and communities. Data were transcribed, coded and thematically analyzed using NVivo 11 software.Results: Community-traditional gender-norms, budget constraints, poor planning and non-adherence to planned activities, lack of commitment, poor integration and inter-sectoral collaboration served as barriers to implementation of policies aimed at preventing domestic violence in Ethiopia. However, enablers of domestic implementation of violence prevention programs include community health extension program, women development ‘army’, policy frameworks, government’s political willingness, presence of school-based gender clubs.Conclusions: The implementation of existing evidence and policies was still poor at the community level due to lack of inter-sectoral collaboration, poor integration and stakeholders with competing priorities among others. Future intervention programs that would sustain and synergized domestic violence prevention, should integrate intersectoral collaboration and service within existing program.
Determinants of Anaemia Among Women of Reproductive Age In South Africa: A Healthy Life Trajectories Initiative (HeLTI)
Authors: Silubonde Takana M , Smuts Cornelius M , Ware Lisa J , Chidumwa Glory , Malan Linda , Lye Stephen , Norris Shane A 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background – Anaemia continues to be a major public health problem among women of reproductive age (WRA). A thorough understanding of anaemia risk factors is necessary to design better interventions. This paper examines the determinants of anaemia among WRA in South Africa.Methods- We included baseline data from 480 women participating in the pilot-phase of a randomized controlled trial (HeLTI). We measured haemoglobin (Hb) status using the Hemocue. Plasma iron status markers (ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR)), markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein (CRP)) and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP)) and retinol binding protein (RBP) were assessed using the multiplex method. We used multivariate logistic regression to describe associations with anaemia and structural equation modelling (SEM) to characterise direct and indirect pathways influencing haemoglobin concentrations.Results- The prevalence of anaemia, iron deficiency (ID), and iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) was 39.4%, 38.1% and 21.6% respectively. The multiple logistic regression showed that ID (OR: 2.62, 95% CI: 1.72, 3.98), iron deficiency erythropoiesis (IDE) (OR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.07, 2.46), and elevated CRP (OR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.76), increased the odds of being anaemic. SEM analysis revealed Hb was directly and positively associated with adjusted ferritin (0.0031 per mg/dl; p≤0.001), and CRP (0.015 per mg/dl; p≤0.05), and directly and negatively associated with soluble transferrin receptor sTfR (-0.042 per mg/dl; p≤0.001). While contraception use had both a direct (0.34; p≤0.05) and indirect (0.11; p≤0.01) positive association with Hb. Additionally, chicken and beef consumption had a positive indirect association with Hb concentrations (0.15; p≤0.05) through adjusted ferritin.Conclusion-A key driver of anaemia in our setting is ID, however the presence of inflammation also increases the risk of anaemia. To address anaemia, interventions should aim to improve the diet quality of women, in particular access to iron rich foods. We recommend the use of multi-micronutrient supplements with a lower dose of iron and other micronutrients which would ensure that women receive the same benefits as with iron folic acid, while alleviating anaemia of inflammation.
Palliative Psychiatry for Patients with Severe and Persistent Mental Illness: A Survey on the Attitudes of Psychiatrists in India compared to Psychiatrists in Switzerland
Authors: Stoll Julia , Mathew Anju , Venkateswaran Chitra , Prabhakaran Anil , Westermair Anna Lisa , Trachsel Manuel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

Palliative psychiatry is a new approach for the care of patients with severe and persistent mental illness (SPMI). To assess the attitudes of psychiatrists in India towards palliative psychiatry for patients with SPMI and to compare these to the attitudes of psychiatrists in Switzerland.
Methods

In an online survey, data from 206 psychiatrists in India were collected and compared with data from a previous survey among 457 psychiatrists in Switzerland.
Results

Psychiatrists in India generally considered it very important to prevent suicide in SPMI patients (97.6%). At the same time, they considered it very important to reduce suffering (98.1%) and to ensure functionality in everyday life (95.6%). They agreed that palliative psychiatry is important for providing optimal care to SPMI patients without life-limiting illness (79.6%) and considered palliative psychiatry as indicated for patients with SPMI (78.2%). By contrast, curing the illness was considered very important by only 39.8 % of respondents. Relative to psychiatrists in Switzerland, psychiatrists in India were significantly more concerned about preventing suicide and less willing to accept a reduction in life expectancy, even at the expense of quality of life in patients with severe and persistent schizophrenia and recurrent major depressive disorder. At the same time, they were significantly more likely to advocate palliative psychiatry.
Conclusion

Most of the participating psychiatrists in India agreed that palliative psychiatry can be indicated for patients with SPMI. The comparison with psychiatrists in Switzerland highlights the need to take account of cultural differences in future studies of this kind.
A Study on Changes in Plasma Cholinesterase in Patients with Acute Primary Angle Closure
Authors: Tian Tian , Cai Yu , Li Mei , Fang Yuan , Pan Yingzi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose

To analyze the differences in plasma cholinesterase (pChE) among patients with acute primary angle closure (APAC), patients with chronic primary angle closure glaucoma (CPACG) and normal people scheduled for cataract surgery and to analyze the relationship between intraocular pressure (IOP) and pChE in order to explore the significance of pChE in the pathogenesis of glaucoma.
Methods

Retrospective case series. Nighty-four patients with APAC, 72 patients with CPACG and 95 normal controls were enrolled in this study. All patients excluding those with diseases that may affect pChE underwent routine blood biochemical examination. Pearson correlation analysis was used to further analyze the correlation of IOP with pChE.
Results

There was no significant difference in age or sex among the three groups. The difference in IOP among the APAC (43.8 ± 12.2 mmHg), CPACG (25.6 ± 7.4 mmHg) and normal groups (13.6 ± 1.8 mmHg) was significant (P = 0.000). There was a significant difference in pChE between patients with APAC (7450.89 ± 1748.49 IU/L) and normal subjects (7994.68 ± 1321.90 IU/L) (P = 0.000) and between patients with APAC and those with CPACG (7969.44 ± 1572.14 IU/L) (P = 0.000). There was no significant difference in pChE between CPACG patients and normal subjects (P = 0.932). There was a moderate negative correlation between IOP and pChE in APAC patients (r = -0.410, P = 0.000), while there was no significant correlation in CPACG patients (P = 0.228) or normal subjects (P = 0.341).
Conclusion

APAC patients with higher IOP had lower pChE, which may have been related to IOP-induced neuroinflammation. It may provide a new strategy for optic nerve protection in glaucoma patients.