bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blending and obscuration in weak-lensing magnification
Authors: Gaztanaga E , Schmidt S J , Schneider M D , Tyson J A 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
We test the impact of some systematic errors in weak-lensing (WL) magnification measurements with the COSMOS 30-band photo-z Survey flux limited to Iauto &lt; 25.0 using correlations of both source galaxy counts and magnitudes. Systematic obscuration effects are measured by comparing counts and magnification correlations. We use the Advanced Camera for Survey-Hubble Space Telescope catalogues to identify potential blending objects (close pairs) and perform the magnification analyses with and without blended objects. We find that blending effects start to be important (∼0.04-mag obscuration) at angular scales smaller than 0.1 arcmin. Extinction and other systematic obscuration effects can be as large as 0.10 mag (U band) but are typically smaller than 0.02 mag depending on the band. After applying these corrections, we measure a 3.9σ magnification signal that is consistent for both counts and magnitudes. The corresponding projected mass profiles of galaxies at redshift z ≃ 0.6 (MI ≃ −21) is Σ = 25 ± 6 M⊙ h3 pc–2 at 0.1 Mpc h–1, consistent with NFW type profile with M200 ≃ 2 × 1012 M⊙h pc–2. Tangential shear and flux-size magnification over the same lenses show similar mass profiles. We conclude that magnification from counts and fluxes using photometric redshifts has the potential to provide complementary WL information in future wide-field surveys once we carefully take into account systematic effects, such as obscuration and blending.
Barrier-to-autointegration-factor (Banf1) modulates DNA double-strand break repair pathway choice via regulation of DNA-dependent kinase (DNA-PK) activity
Authors: Burgess Joshua T , Cheong Chee Man , Suraweera Amila , Sobanski Thais , Beard Sam , Dave Keyur , Rose Maddison , Boucher Didier , Croft Laura V , Adams Mark N , O’Byrne Kenneth , Richard Derek J , Bolderson Emma 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDNA repair pathways are essential to maintain the integrity of the genome and prevent cell death and tumourigenesis. Here, we show that the Barrier-to-Autointegration Factor (Banf1) protein has a role in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Banf1 is characterized as a nuclear envelope protein and mutations in Banf1 are associated with the severe premature aging syndrome, Néstor–Guillermo Progeria Syndrome. We have previously shown that Banf1 directly regulates the activity of PARP1 in the repair of oxidative DNA lesions. Here, we show that Banf1 also has a role in modulating DNA double-strand break repair through regulation of the DNA-dependent Protein Kinase catalytic subunit, DNA-PKcs. Specifically, we demonstrate that Banf1 relocalizes from the nuclear envelope to sites of DNA double-strand breaks. We also show that Banf1 can bind to and directly inhibit the activity of DNA-PKcs. Supporting this, cellular depletion of Banf1 leads to an increase in non-homologous end-joining and a decrease in homologous recombination, which our data suggest is likely due to unrestrained DNA-PKcs activity. Overall, this study identifies how Banf1 regulates double-strand break repair pathway choice by modulating DNA-PKcs activity to control genome stability within the cell.
A phase II trial of selumetinib in children with recurrent optic pathway and hypothalamic low-grade glioma without NF1: a Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium study
Authors: Fangusaro Jason , Onar-Thomas Arzu , Poussaint Tina Young , Wu Shengjie , Ligon Azra H , Lindeman Neal , Campagne Olivia , Banerjee Anu , Gururangan Sridharan , Kilburn Lindsay B , Goldman Stewart , Qaddoumi Ibrahim , Baxter Patricia , Vezina Gilbert , Bregman Corey , Patay Zoltan , Jones Jeremy Y , Stewart Clinton F , Fisher Michael J , Doyle Laurence Austin , Smith Malcolm , Dunkel Ira J , Fouladi Maryam 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGGs) are the most common childhood brain tumor. Progression-free survival (PFS) is much lower than overall survival, emphasizing the need for alternative treatments. Sporadic (without neurofibromatosis type 1) optic pathway and hypothalamic gliomas (OPHGs) are often multiply recurrent and cause significant visual deficits. Recently, there has been a prioritization of functional outcomes.

Methods
We present results from children with recurrent/progressive OPHGs treated on a PBTC (Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium) phase II trial evaluating efficacy of selumetinib (AZD6244, ARRY-142886) a MEK-1/2 inhibitor. Stratum 4 of PBTC-029 included patients with sporadic recurrent/progressive OPHGs treated with selumetinib at the recommended phase II dose (25mg/m2/dose BID) for a maximum of 26 courses.

Results
Twenty-five eligible and evaluable patients were enrolled with a median of 4 (1-11) previous therapies. Six of 25 (24%) had partial response, 14/25 (56%) had stable disease, and 5 (20%) had progressive disease while on treatment. The median treatment courses were 26 (2-26); 14/25 patients completed all 26 courses. Two-year PFS was 78 ± 8.5%. Nineteen of 25 patients were evaluable for visual acuity which improved in 4/19 patients (21%), was stable in 13/19 (68%), and worsened in 2/19 (11%). Five of 19 patients (26%) had improved visual fields and 14/19 (74%) were stable. The most common toxicities were grade 1/2 CPK elevation, anemia, diarrhea, headache, nausea/emesis, fatigue, AST and ALT increase, hypoalbuminemia, and rash.

Conclusions
Selumetinib was tolerable and led to responses and prolonged disease stability in children with recurrent/progressive OPHGs based upon radiographic response, PFS, and visual outcomes.
Theater and Performance in the 19th Century
Authors: Jones Douglas , Ozier Amadi 
Published: February 2021

Theater and performance of the long 19th century (1789–1914) is one of the most dynamic fields in African American studies today. Scholars have turned to these embodied practices to understand the achievements, hardships, and imaginaries of black life in this period because enslaved and free African Americans were often denied access to, or the wherewithal to use, the archivable materials we traditionally use for historical research. The field has devised innovative methodologies and reading practices to reimagine and theorize the aesthetics, affects, labor demands, and politics of African American theater and performance in this period. These critical strategies have helped to offset some of the challenges that hinder the study of all live performance. In spite of these limitations, generative observations of theatrical and performance cultures of the enslaved and free African Americans are available, albeit often beneath layers of condemnation, mockery, and scorn. This article focuses on primary works that document, and criticism that analyzes, the origins and evolution of African American theater culture from the late 18th century up to but not including the New Negro (or Harlem) Renaissance (c. 1920). It also offers representative studies of contemporaneous dance and music that help to contextualize black theatrical practice, but it leaves the bulk of that scholarship to other bibliographies. Major archival collections, canonical play texts, and a broad range of criticism clustered in major scholarly categories of African American theater and performance of the era are included here.
Exploring Responses to the Collapse of Devolution in Northern Ireland 2017–2020 through the Lens of Multi-Level Governance
Authors: Heenan Deirdre , Birrell Derek 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The system of devolution set up in Northern Ireland in 1999 has proved volatile and unstable. In 2017, the Northern Ireland Executive collapsed, following the resignation of the Sinn Féin, deputy First Minister. For a three-year period, Executive and legislative devolution ceased to operate. The UK Government opted not to impose Direct Rule from Westminster, as happened previously. This article examines the consequences of the absence of a devolved government in the context of the existing system of multi-level governance (MLG). It is contended that mitigating action taken or considered to address the gap in governance can be best understood using an analytical framework drawn from the lens of MLG. A range of interventions, adjustments and interactions occurred involving the remaining levels of MLG. Despite the fall of the Executive and Assembly an amended form of governance continued to function in Northern Ireland.
Whatever Happened to the Progressive Case for the Union? How Scottish Labour’s Failure to Subsume a Clearly Left of Centre Identity with a Pro-Union One Helps to Explain Its Decline
Authors: Wright Kieran 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article presents an original account of the tactical options available to political parties in multi-level settings. It applies that framework to the case of post-devolution Scotland via an analysis of First Minister’s Questions sessions in the Scottish Parliament. It shows how Scottish Labour adopted a less left-leaning justification for its stance on the constitutional issue in the years after the party lost power at Holyrood to the Scottish National Party. Consequently, the party failed to present itself as a clearly left of centre alternative to the SNP and downplayed the progressive case for Scotland remaining in the UK.
The C18O core mass function toward Orion A: Single-dish observations
Authors: Takemura Hideaki , Nakamura Fumitaka , Ishii Shun , Shimajiri Yoshito , Sanhueza Patricio , Tsukagoshi Takashi , Kawabe Ryohei , Hirota Tomoya , Kataoka Akimasa 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe have performed an unbiased dense core survey toward the Orion A Giant Molecular Cloud in the C18O (J = 1–0) emission line taken with the Nobeyama Radio Observatory (NRO) 45 m telescope. The effective angular resolution of the map is 26″, which corresponds to ∼0.05 pc at a distance of 414 pc. By using the Herschel–Planck H2 column density map, we calculate the C18O fractional abundance and find that it is roughly constant over the column density range of ≲5 × 1022 cm−3, although a trend of C18O depletion is determined toward higher column density. Therefore, C18O intensity can follow the cloud structure reasonably well. The mean C18O abundance in Orion A is estimated to be 5.7 × 10−7, which is about three times larger than the fiducial value. We identified 746 C18O cores with astrodendro and classified 709 cores as starless cores. We compute the core masses by decomposing the Herschel–Planck dust column density using the relative proportions of the C18O integrated intensities of line-of-sight components. Applying this procedure, we attempt to remove the contribution of the background emission, i.e., the ambient gas outside the cores. Then, we derived mass function for starless cores and found that it resembles the stellar initial mass function (IMF). The CMF for starless cores, dN/dM, is fitted with a power-law relation of Mα with a power index of α = −2.25 ± 0.16 at the high-mass slope (≳0.44 M⊙). We also found that the ratio of each core mass to the total mass integrated along the line of sight is significantly large. Therefore, in the previous studies, the core masses derived from the dust image are likely to be overestimated by at least a factor of a few. Accordingly, such previous studies may underestimate the star formation efficiency of individual cores.
Resolving diurnal dynamics of the chloroplastic glutathione redox state in Arabidopsis reveals its photosynthetically derived oxidation
Authors: Haber Zechariah , Lampl Nardy , Meyer Andreas J , Zelinger Einat , Hipsch Matanel , Rosenwasser Shilo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Plants are subjected to fluctuations in light intensity, and this might cause unbalanced photosynthetic electron fluxes and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Electrons needed for ROS detoxification are drawn, at least partially, from the cellular glutathione (GSH) pool via the ascorbate–glutathione cycle. Here, we explore the dynamics of the chloroplastic glutathione redox potential (chl-EGSH) using high-temporal-resolution monitoring of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) lines expressing the reduction–oxidation sensitive green fluorescent protein 2 (roGFP2) in chloroplasts. This was carried out over several days under dynamic environmental conditions and in correlation with PSII operating efficiency. Peaks in chl-EGSH oxidation during dark-to-light and light-to-dark transitions were observed. Increasing light intensities triggered a binary oxidation response, with a threshold around the light saturating point, suggesting two regulated oxidative states of the chl-EGSH. These patterns were not affected in npq1 plants, which are impaired in non-photochemical quenching. Oscillations between the two oxidation states were observed under fluctuating light in WT and npq1 plants, but not in pgr5 plants, suggesting a role for PSI photoinhibition in regulating the chl-EGSH dynamics. Remarkably, pgr5 plants showed an increase in chl-EGSH oxidation during the nights following light stresses, linking daytime photoinhibition and nighttime GSH metabolism. This work provides a systematic view of the dynamics of the in vivo chloroplastic glutathione redox state during varying light conditions.
Tailoring photomorphogenic markers to organ growth dynamics
Authors: Martín Guiomar , Duque Paula 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
When a dark-germinated seedling reaches the soil surface and perceives sunlight for the first time, light signaling is activated to adapt the plant’s development and transition to autotrophism. During this process, functional chloroplasts assemble in the cotyledons and the seedling’s cell expansion pattern is rearranged to enhance light perception. Hypocotyl cells expand rapidly in the dark, while cotyledon cell expansion is suppressed. However, light reverses this pattern by activating cell expansion in cotyledons and repressing it in hypocotyls. The fact that light-regulated developmental responses, as well as the transcriptional mechanisms controlling them, are organ-specific has been largely overlooked in previous studies of seedling de-etiolation. To analyze the expansion pattern of the hypocotyl and cotyledons separately in a given Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedling, we define an organ ratio, the morphogenic index (MI), which integrates either phenotypic or transcriptomic data for each tissue and provides an important resource for functional analyses. Moreover, based on this index, we identified organ-specific molecular markers to independently quantify cotyledon and hypocotyl growth dynamics in whole-seedling samples. The combination of these marker genes with those of other developmental processes occurring during de-etiolation will allow improved molecular dissection of photomorphogenesis. Along with organ growth markers, this MI contributes a key toolset to unveil and accurately characterize the molecular mechanisms controlling seedling growth.
Ozone responses in Arabidopsis: beyond stomatal conductance
Authors: Morales Luis O , Shapiguzov Alexey , Safronov Omid , Leppälä Johanna , Vaahtera Lauri , Yarmolinsky Dmitry , Kollist Hannes , Brosché Mikael 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3) is a major air pollutant that decreases yield of important crops worldwide. Despite long-lasting research of its negative effects on plants, there are many gaps in our knowledge on how plants respond to O3. In this study, we used natural variation in the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to characterize molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying O3 sensitivity. A key parameter in models for O3 damage is stomatal uptake. Here we show that the extent of O3 damage in the sensitive Arabidopsis accession Shahdara (Sha) does not correspond with O3 uptake, pointing toward stomata-independent mechanisms for the development of O3 damage. We compared tolerant (Col-0) versus sensitive accessions (Sha, Cvi-0) in assays related to photosynthesis, cell death, antioxidants, and transcriptional regulation. Acute O3 exposure increased cell death, development of lesions in the leaves, and decreased photosynthesis in sensitive accessions. In both Sha and Cvi-0, O3-induced lesions were associated with decreased maximal chlorophyll fluorescence and low quantum yield of electron transfer from Photosystem II to plastoquinone. However, O3-induced repression of photosynthesis in these two O3-sensitive accessions developed in different ways. We demonstrate that O3 sensitivity in Arabidopsis is influenced by genetic diversity given that Sha and Cvi-0 developed accession-specific transcriptional responses to O3. Our findings advance the understanding of plant responses to O3 and set a framework for future studies to characterize molecular and physiological mechanisms allowing plants to respond to high O3 levels in the atmosphere as a result of high air pollution and climate change.
Subunit E isoform 1 of vacuolar H+-ATPase OsVHA enables post-Golgi trafficking of rice seed storage proteins
Authors: Zhu Jianping , Ren Yulong , Zhang Yuanyan , Yang Jie , Duan Erchao , Wang Yunlong , Liu Feng , Wu Mingming , Pan Tian , Wang Yongfei , Hu Tingting , Hao Yuanyuan , Teng Xuan , Zhu Xiaopin , Lei Jie , Jing Ruonan , Yu Yanfang , Sun Yinglun , Bao Xiuhao , Bao Yiqun , Wang Yihua , Wan Jianmin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Dense vesicles (DVs) are Golgi-derived plant-specific carriers that mediate post-Golgi transport of seed storage proteins in angiosperms. How this process is regulated remains elusive. Here, we report a rice (Oryza sativa) mutant, named glutelin precursor accumulation8 (gpa8) that abnormally accumulates 57-kDa proglutelins in the mature endosperm. Cytological analyses of the gpa8 mutant revealed that proglutelin-containing DVs were mistargeted to the apoplast forming electron-dense aggregates and paramural bodies in developing endosperm cells. Differing from previously reported gpa mutants with post-Golgi trafficking defects, the gpa8 mutant showed bent Golgi bodies, defective trans-Golgi network (TGN), and enlarged DVs, suggesting a specific role of GPA8 in DV biogenesis. We demonstrated that GPA8 encodes a subunit E isoform 1 of vacuolar H+-ATPase (OsVHA-E1) that mainly localizes to TGN and the tonoplast. Further analysis revealed that the luminal pH of the TGN and vacuole is dramatically increased in the gpa8 mutant. Moreover, the colocalization of GPA1 and GPA3 with TGN marker protein in gpa8 protoplasts was obviously decreased. Our data indicated that OsVHA-E1 is involved in endomembrane luminal pH homeostasis, as well as maintenance of Golgi morphology and TGN required for DV biogenesis and subsequent protein trafficking in rice endosperm cells.
Mitochondrial redox systems as central hubs in plant metabolism and signaling
Authors: Van Aken Olivier 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPlant mitochondria are indispensable for plant metabolism and are tightly integrated into cellular homeostasis. This review provides an update on the latest research concerning the organization and operation of plant mitochondrial redox systems, and how they affect cellular metabolism and signaling, plant development, and stress responses. New insights into the organization and operation of mitochondrial energy systems such as the tricarboxylic acid cycle and mitochondrial electron transport chain (mtETC) are discussed. The mtETC produces reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which can act as signals or lead to cellular damage, and are thus efficiently removed by mitochondrial antioxidant systems, including Mn-superoxide dismutase, ascorbate–glutathione cycle, and thioredoxin-dependent peroxidases. Plant mitochondria are tightly connected with photosynthesis, photorespiration, and cytosolic metabolism, thereby providing redox-balancing. Mitochondrial proteins are targets of extensive post-translational modifications, but their functional significance and how they are added or removed remains unclear. To operate in sync with the whole cell, mitochondria can communicate their functional status via mitochondrial retrograde signaling to change nuclear gene expression, and several recent breakthroughs here are discussed. At a whole organism level, plant mitochondria thus play crucial roles from the first minutes after seed imbibition, supporting meristem activity, growth, and fertility, until senescence of darkened and aged tissue. Finally, plant mitochondria are tightly integrated with cellular and organismal responses to environmental challenges such as drought, salinity, heat, and submergence, but also threats posed by pathogens. Both the major recent advances and outstanding questions are reviewed, which may help future research efforts on plant mitochondria.
Well-Posedness and Stability of a Generalized Micropolar Thermoelastic Body With Infinite Memory
Authors: Guesmia A , MuÑoz Rivera J E , Sepúlveda CortÉs M A , Vera VillagrÁn O 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We study in this paper the well-posedness and stability of a linear system of a thermoelastic Cosserat medium with infinite memory, where the Cosserat medium is a continuum in which each point has the degrees of freedom of a rigid body.
Targeting Xenobiotic Nuclear Receptors PXR and CAR to Prevent Cobicistat Hepatotoxicity
Authors: Shehu Amina I , Zhu Junjie , Li Jianhua , Lu Jie , McMahon Deborah , Xie Wen , Gonzalez Frank J , Ma Xiaochao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Liver-related diseases including drug-induced liver injury are becoming increasingly prominent in AIDS patients. Cobicistat (COBI) is the backbone of multiple regimens for antiretroviral therapy. The current work investigated the mechanisms of adverse drug-drug interactions associated with COBI that lead to liver damage. For individuals co-infected with HIV and tuberculosis (TB), the World Health Organization recommends the initiation of TB treatment followed by antiretroviral therapy. Rifampicin (RIF), a first line anti-TB drug, is a human specific activator of pregnane X receptor (PXR). Using PXR-humanized mice, we found that RIF-mediated PXR activation potentiates COBI hepatotoxicity. In contrast, rifabutin, a PXR-neutral analog of RIF, has no impact on COBI hepatotoxicity. Because of the crosstalk between PXR and the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), the role of CAR in COBI hepatotoxicity was also investigated. Similar to PXR, ligand-dependent activation of CAR also potentiates COBI hepatotoxicity. Our further studies illustrated that PXR and CAR modulate COBI hepatotoxicity through the CYP3A4-dependent pathways. In summary, the current work determined PXR and CAR as key modulators of COBI hepatotoxicity. Given the fact that many prescription drugs and herbal supplements can activate PXR and CAR, these two receptors should be considered as targets to prevent COBI hepatotoxicity in the clinic.