bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geochemical Properties and Pore Structure Control on Oil Extraction of Shale
Authors: Liu Dengke , Su Junwei , Gu Zhaolin , Qi Yiru , Yang Fu , Tian Tao , Ye Feng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Despite geochemical properties and pore structures for shale oil extraction, the interplay among shale chemistry, pore network, and hydrocarbon movability still is an open question. Here, by using hybrid experimental methods, including backscatter scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, adsorption/desorption isotherm, and nuclear magnetic resonance, we provide a general characteristic of geochemistry and pore structures of Chang 7 (C7) shale in Ordos basin and figure out how these properties impact the shale oil extraction. Our results confirmed that the C7 shale in Ordos basin could be divided into three types based on the mineral components with various pore structures, and the proportion of the pores that radius below 4.8 nm (from adsorption branch) or 3.8 nm (from desorption branch) play a dominant role in the determination of pore size distributions. The kerogen index that is derived from maceral types was the most significant geochemical indicator; high kerogen index was corresponding to large pore volumes and surface areas, but low pore diameters. We identify the pore structure mechanism—mesopores predominantly or micropores abundantly (increase free fluid index) and absence of inorganic or organic pores (decrease free fluid index)—responsible for the oil extraction capability and show that the unmovable fluid stained in the voids would lead to the slow rate decay of the curves, which caused the nonsignal disturbance. Our results demonstrate the powerful control of maceral components and pore diameters on shale oil extraction and show the markedly different flow behavior of various types of shale.
Design of Nanoscale Hybrid Insulator-metal-insulator Plasmonic Waveguide
Authors: Kumar Pintu , Singh D. K. , Ranjan Rakesh 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Optical properties of the fundamental hybrid mode of hybrid insulator-metal-insulator plasmonic waveguide (HIMIPW), consists of insulator-metal-insulator sandwiched between two dielectric waveguides, have been investigated to achieve the relatively high propagation length and large normalized intensity at 1.55 µm working wavelength. The main aim of the current work is to settle the issues of high power loss and size of waveguide dimension. The optimum waveguide dimension of 0.2 µm × 0.02 µm has been obtained propagation length around 289.26 µm. The normalized intensity in the low-index region of the HIMIPW has been achieved around 67.50 , due to the electric field enhancement in this region. It is beneficial for the design of bio-sensing, optical manipulations, etc. The electric field intensity has been attained highest values at wavelength 1.55 µm for the optimum dimension of the HIMIPW ( = 0.2 µm, and ), due to highly localized surface plasmon resonance at the metal-dielectric interfaces. The investigation of the coupling length between the two identical parallel HIMIPWs with a separation distance has been done. Further to improve the coupling length, a metallic strip has been inserted between them, keeping the separation distance unchanged. The higher coupling length leads to lower crosstalk between two parallel hybrid plasmonic waveguides, which can be highly useful to achieve the larger integration over the photonic chip.
Gamma irradiation effects on n-ZnSe/n-Si isotype heterojunctions
Authors: Vali Indudhar Panduranga , Keshav Rashmitha , Rajeshwari M , Vaishnavi K S , Mahesha M G , Shetty Pramoda 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
To get an insight into the isotype heterojunction (IHJ) properties, the influence of gamma irradiation (GI) on the structural and electrical properties of n-ZnSe/n-Si has been presented. The ZnSe thin films were deposited onto the n-Si substrate by thermal evaporation technique. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies revealed the nanocrystalline nature of ZnSe thin films with prominent (111) orientations. The gamma irradiated samples displayed no crystallographic phase transformation up to 10 kGy irradiation doses. But noticeable and inconsistent modifications in the different lattice parameters were observed due to irradiation-induced effects. From the analysis of I-V characteristics, it has been found a similar trend in the variation of lattice mismatch, Schottky barrier height and interface trap parameter at different irradiation doses. Thus demonstrating the poor rectification properties of n-ZnSe/n-Si IHJs due to intrinsic and gamma-induced defects, and their role in the space charge limited conduction (SCLC) mechanism that significantly dominating over the thermionic emission (TE) mechanism across the barrier.
Fabrication of Tantalum Oxyfluoride and Oxynitride Thin Films via Ammonolysis of Sol-Gel Processed Tetraethoxo (β-diketonato) Tantalum (V) Precursors for Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Danish Mohammad , Pandey Ashutosh , Khan Aftab Aslam Parwaz , Asiri Abdullah M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the present report, the generation of Tantalum oxyfluoride and oxynitride upon ammonolysis of the gel obtained from modified tantalum-alkoxo complexes is reported. To the best of our knowledge, this is first report of the formation of tantalum oxyfluoride thin films via ammonolysis of the β-diketone modified tantalum-alkoxo complex [Ta(OEt)4(CF3COCH2COCH3)]m. The integration of nitrogen and fluorine in lattice sites of metal oxides leads to significant reduction in the band gap, resulting in their activation under visible light. Moreover, in this report the effect of the modified alkoxide precursors and ammonolysis on the photo-physical properties of Ta2O5 thin films have also been investigated and compared with the results obtained from films fabricated from unmodified tantalum (V) ethoxide. 1H NMR, 13C NMR and elemental analyses confirmed successful modification of tantalum (V) ethoxide to [Ta(OCH2CH3)4(CH3COCHClCOCH3)]m (1), [Ta(OCH2CH3)4(CF3COCH2COCH3]m (2) and [Ta(OCH2CH3)4 (CH3COC(CH3)2COCH3))]m (3). The fabrication of Ta2O5 thin films involved the spin casting of the gels of modified tantalum alkoxo complexes (processed by sol-gel method) on to glass substrate. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results show that nitrogen was incorporated into the ammonolyzed films fabricated from complex precursors (1) and (3), while the presence of fluorine as tantalum oxyfluoride was confirmed in the ammonolyzed film fabricated from complex (2) precursor. The optical characterization insinuate band gap narrowing from 3.55 eV for undoped film prepared from tantalum (V) ethoxide to 3.47 eV for undoped film prepared from [Ta(OEt)4(CF3COCH2COCH3)]m and 3.05 eV for ammonolyzed film obtained from [Ta(OEt)4(CF3COCH2COCH3)]m precursor. Furthermore, enhanced photocatalytic efficiency of the films is demonstrated by degradation of methylene blue dye.
Suture Augmentation of Acromioclavicular and Coracoclavicular Ligament Reconstruction for Acute Acromioclavicular Dislocation
Authors: Liu Yingliang , Yu Yadong , Ding Weifeng , Gao Yong , Wang Yanting , Yang Rong , Dhawan Vikas 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
PurposeThe objective of this report was to introduce a new suture augmentation of coracoclavicular and acromioclavicular ligament reconstruction for acute Rockwood grade III to V acromioclavicular dislocations.MethodsFrom January 2015 to January 2019, 43 patients with Rockwood III to VI acute acromioclavicular dislocations were retrospective reviewed. The outcome evaluations included coracoclavicular space, loss of reduction, and acromioclavicular space. The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire was used to assess the limb function. Clinical evaluation of patients was performed using the University of California-Los Angeles scoring systems. For comparison, another series of 28 patients treated with double Endobutton technique from January 2011 to December 2014 was reviewed. A P<0.05 was considered statistical significance.ResultsThe mean follow-up period of the two series were 39.69±7.42 months (range, 24–54 months) and37.86±8.23 months (range, 26–48 months) (P>0.05), respectively. There were significant differences regarding coracoclavicular space (11.62±2.54 mm vs 16.78±5.53 mm; P<0.05), coracoclavicular reduction loss (5.56±4.73 mm vs 26.25±4.42 mm; P<0.05), and acromioclavicular space (6.89±1.87 mm vs 7.95±2.37 mm; P<0.05). There were significant differences regarding the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire (3.3±2.8 vs 5.32±4.37; P<0.05) and University of California-Los Angeles Shoulder rating scale (31.19±2.48 vs 29.24±2.48; P<0.05). The excellent to good percentages were 100 % (n=32) and 85% (n=23), respectively. ConclusionsIn conclusion, the suture augmentation of acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction is reliable technique for acute acromioclavicular dislocation with minimal complications.Type of study/level of evidenceTherapeutic IIa.
Investigation of Various Commercial&nbsp;PEDOT:PSS (Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene)Polystyrene Sulfonate) As A Hole Transport Layer in Lead Iodide Based Inverted Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Alishah Hamed Moeini , Choi Fatma Pinar Gokdemir , Gunes Serap 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Inverted-type perovskite solar cells have drawn remarkable attention due to solution-processable, straightforward configuration, low-cost processing, and manufacturing at very high throughput, even on top of flexible materials. The hole transport material (HTM) plays a vital role to achieve high performance in inverted type of perovskite solar cells. Herein, we report on the effect of different commercial PEDOT: PSS such as PH 1000, PH 500, P VP AI, and P T2, on the performance of CH3NH3PbI3 based planar perovskite solar cells.
Anatomical Organization of the Lateral Cervical Nucleus in Artiodactyls
Authors: Grandis Annamaria , Gardini Anna , Tagliavia Claudio , Salamanca Giulia , Graïc Jean-Marie , De Silva Margherita , Bombardi Cristiano 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The presence of the lateral cervical nucleus (LCN) in different mammals, including humans, has been established in a number of anatomical research works. The LCN receives its afferent inputs from the spinocervical tract, and conveys this somatosensory information to the various brain areas, especially the thalamus. In the present study, the organization of the calf and pig LCN was examined through the use of thionine staining and immunohistochemical methods combined with morphometrical analyses. Specifically, the localization of calbindin-D28k (CB-D28k) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the LCN was investigated using the immunoperoxidase method. Calf and pig LCN appear as a clearly defined column of gray matter located in the three cranial segments of the cervical spinal cord. Thionine staining shows that polygonal neurons represent the main cell type in both species. The calf and pig LCN contained CB-D28k-immunoreactive (IR) neurons of varying sizes. Large neurons are probably involved in the generation of the cervicothalamic pathway. Small CB-D28k-IR neurons, on the other hand, could act as local interneurons. The immunoreactivity for nNOS was found to be mainly located in thin neuronal processes that could represent the terminal axonal portion of nNOS-IR found in laminae III e IV. This evidence suggests that nitric oxide (NO) could modulate the synaptic activity of the glutamatergic spinocervical tracts. These findings suggest that the LCN of Artiodactyls might play an important role in the transmission of somatosensory information from the spinal cord to the higher centers of the brain.
Petrographically Quantifying the Damage to Field and Lab-cast Mortars Subject to Freeze-thaw Cycles and Deicer Applications
Authors: QIAO CHUNYU , Nanehkaran Nima Hosseinzadeh , Suraneni Prannoy , Wei Sihang , Rothstein David 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Although calcium oxychloride (Ca-Oxy) is known to damage cementitious materials exposed to calcium chloride (CaCl2) deicers, there is little direct observation of Ca-Oxy in the field due to its instability. This paper uses optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDX) to detect the formed Ca-Oxy and quantify its associated damage in a field mortar subject to freeze-thaw cycles and deicer applications. The characterized damage in the field mortar is compared to that in lab-cast portland cement paste and mortar which are submerged in a CaCl2 solution of 25 wt. % under freeze-thaw cycles (-8 to 25 °C). The field and lab-cast mortars show similar cracking patterns that are parallel to the exposure surface with a variation of 30-45° in the preferred orientation due to the constraints of sand particles. During each lab-controlled freeze-thaw cycle, the high CaCl2 concentration of 25 wt. % stabilizes the formed Ca-Oxy, which continually damages the mortar and eventually results in 3-4 times higher crack density compared to that in the field mortar. SEM-EDX analysis confirms the presence of secondary deposits including Friedel’s salt, ettringite and Ca-Oxy. Image analysis on thin section photomicrographs shows a reduction of 86.4% in calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) content in the damaged field mortar compared to the undamaged field mortar, suggesting significant leaching of Ca(OH)2 to form Ca-Oxy due to the deicer application.
Morphological and Microsatellite DNA Diversity of Djallonké Sheep in Guinea-Bissau
Authors: Dayo Guiguigbaza-Kossigan , Houaga Isidore , Somda Martin Bienvenu , Linguelegue Awa , Ira Mamadou , Konkobo Maurice , Djassi Bacar , Gomes Joao , Sangare Mamadou , Cassama Bernardo , Yapi-Gnaore Chia Valentine 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: The present study aimed at characterizing the Djallonké Sheep (DS), the only local sheep breed raised in Guinea-Bissau. A total of 200 animals were sampled from four regions (Bafatá, Gabú, Oio and Cacheu) and described using 7 visual criteria and 8 measurements. These parameters have been studied by discriminant analysis and principal components analysis. The genetic diversity and population structure of 92 unrelated animals were studied using 12 microsatellite markers.Results: The values of quantitative characters in the Bafatá region were significantly higher than those obtained in the other three regions. A phenotypic diversity of the DS population was observed and three types of format distinguished: a “large format” in the region of Bafatá, an “intermediate format” in the regions of Gabú and Oio and a "small format" in the Cacheu region. The hair coat colors are dominated by the white color, the shape of the facial head profile is mainly convex and the ears "erected horizontally". Most of the morphobiometric characteristics were significantly influenced by the “region” and “sex of animals”.The average Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) of 0.65 ± 0.11 supports the use of markers in genetic characterization. Gabú subpopulation had the highest genetic diversity measures (He = 0.716 ± 0.089) while Cacheu DS subpopulation presented the smallest (He = 0.651 ± 0.157). Only Gabú and Bafatá subpopulations presented significant heterozygote deficiency across all loci indicating possible significant inbreeding. Mean values for FIT, FST, FIS and GST statistics across all loci were 0.09, 0.029, 0.063 and 0.043 respectively. The overall genetic differentiation observed between the four DS subpopulations studied was low. Bafatá and Gabú were the most closely related subpopulations (DS = 0.04, genetic identity = 0.96) while Bafatá and Cacheu were the most genetically distant subpopulations (DS = 0.14, genetic identity = 0.87), which is consistent with the morphological analysis and the factorial analysis of correspondence. Conclusions: The molecular results on DS population of Guinea-Bissau confirmed the ones obtained with morphological analysis. The three formats observed phenotypically might be due to a combination of the agro-ecological differences and the management of breeding rather than genetic factors.
Sodium Ligninsulfonate-assisted Synthesis of Lithium Bismuthate/bismuth
Oxide Microspheres and Solar Light Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Yu C.H. , Mao Y.J. , Xue Z.Y. , Kong J.L. , Li H.Y. , Pei L.Z. , Fan C.G. , Tang S.D 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Great attention has been paid to the environmental pollution by organic dyes,
which are difficult to be degraded in the natural environment and have been an unavoidable and urgent
global problem. It is essential to develop green wastewater treatment technology with high removal efficiency
and low-cost for protecting the surrounding and human health.

Objective:
The aim of the research is to synthesize lithium bismuthate/bismuth oxide microspheres
with good photocatalytic performance for the removal of gentian violet (GV).

Methods:
Lithium bismuthate/bismuth oxide microspheres were successfully prepared by a sodium
ligninsulfonate-assisted hydrothermal synthesis route. The lithium bismuthate/bismuth oxide microspheres
were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier
Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and solid UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectrum.

Results:
XRD pattern and SEM observation show that the lithium bismuthate/bismuth oxide microspheres
are composed of cubic LiBi12O18.50 and monoclinic Bi2O3 with a diameter of 250 nm-1 μm.
Irregular microscale and nanoscale particles are formed under low hydrothermal temperature, low sodium
ligninsulfonate concentration, and short duration time. By increasing the sodium ligninsulfonate
concentration, hydrothermal temperature, and duration time, irregular particles are transferred into microspheres.
Lithium bismuthate/bismuth oxide microspheres possess a band gap energy of 1.85 eV,
suggesting good visible light absorption ability. The photocatalytic removal ability for GV is enhanced
by prolonging light irradiation time and microspheres dosage. GV solution with the concentration of 10
mg•L-1 is able to be totally degraded by 10 mg lithium bismuthate/bismuth oxide microspheres in 10
mL GV solution under solar light irradiation for 6 h.

Conclusion:
The lithium bismuthate/bismuth oxide microspheres show good photocatalytic removal
ability toward GV in wastewater under solar light irradiation.
Cardiac resynchronization therapy: Interventricular delay during ventricular and supraventricular tachyarrhythmia
Authors: Roland Stroobandt , Andreas Kucher , Stroobandt Roland 
Published: March 2021

Introduction
Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) for cardiac
resynchronization therapy (CRT-D) with the capability of LV sensing
enable the assessment of interventricular delays in ventricular (VT) and
supraventricular tachycardias (SVT).
Methods and Results
In total, 1078 EGM recordings of VT or VF episodes were investigated
that have been transmitted via Home Monitoring. Only those EGM
recordings showing the onset of the tachyarrhythmia were used for
investigation. In the 623 cases eligible for evaluation leftsided VTs
could be identified in 349 cases, right-sided VTs in 252 cases. SVTs
with a 1:1 antegrade conduction were found in 22 cases. VT can present
three different interventricular delays whereby the right-ventricular
sensed event (RVs) is either preceding the left-ventricular sensed event
(LVs), or the LVs is preceding RVs, or there can be a simultaneous
occurrence of RVs and LVs. In SVTs, either the LVs events were delayed
or occurred simultaneously with the RVs events. SVT cases with LVs
preceding the RVs events were not found.
Conclusion
The LV-EGM channel enables to distinguish between left- and right-sided
premature ventricular complexes. The assessment of the interventricular
delay in VTs is useful to differentiate between a possible apical-,
left- or right-sided origin of the VT but not to identify SVTs.
Project management and entrepreneurship competences
Authors: Tamberg Taavi , Kuura Arvi , Soosaar Reet 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Competence frameworks are increasingly used in several practice fields and have been an object of research. A typical development trend has been encapsulation into a particular field, not considering the developments in related fields. Similarly, in research, learning from neighbouring disciplines has been rare. Yet, during the past decade, there have been several attempts at linking essentially related disciplines in practice, such as entrepreneurship and project management. This is a reaction to the trends in the labour market – a growing demand for people with diverse competences. In this context, converging different fields via competences deserves more attention. This paper compares the competences required for project managers and entrepreneurs; in addition, it explores the possibilities for mutual enrichment, contributing to further linking of project management and entrepreneurship conceptually. The cross-examination of competences for entrepreneurs (The Entrepreneurship Competence Framework or EntreComp) and for project managers (International Project Management Association's Individual Competence Baseline [IPMA-ICB]) reveals some quite significant, but also weak, correlations. The linguistic approach used has natural limitations, as different terms have been used to convey the same concepts. Thus, a relational linguistic analysis and conceptual analysis have also been applied. The main implication is the recommendation to integrate core project management competences into competence models for entrepreneurs. A natural progression of this work is to build a common competence model for entrepreneurs and project managers.
RANCANG BANGUN APLIKASI PENYEWAAN LAPANGAN FUTSAL BERBASIS WEB
Authors: Pratama Raga Kurnia , Piliang Faisal 
Published: March 2021

Sistem pemesanan lapangan pada AsboenFutsal masih bersifat manual. Memesan lapangan harus datang langsung ke AsboenFutsal. Selain itu bukti pembayaran masih menggunakan banyak kertas atau buku untuk membuat laporan pembayaran, sehingga jika ingin melakukan rekap data pengelola kesulitan karena ada banyak kertas yang akan dikumpulkan dan juga tidak terorganisir penyimpanan data pemesanan penggunaan lapangan Futsal dengan baik dan benar sehingga memungkinkan data-data tersebut akan hilang. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk membantu dalam meningkatkan keefektifitasan proses booking lapangan dan pengolahan data padaAsboenFutsal. Adapun metodologi pengembangan sistem yang digunakan adalah System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) model Waterfall yang meliputi tahapan perencanaan, analisis, perancangan dan implementasi sistem. Sistem dibangun menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP dan untuk database server-nya menggunakan MySQL. Hasil yang dicapai dari penelitian ini adalah sistem informasi simpan pinjam berbasis web. Dengan adanya sistem ini diharapkan menjawab kesulitan yang sering dihadapi oleh pengelola maupun pelanggan sehingga bisa lebih efisien dan efektif.