bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enacting person‐centred care in home care services for people with dementia
Authors: Hedman Ragnhild , Sandman Per‐Olof , Edvardsson David 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo develop the theoretical understanding of the process of providing person‐centred home care for people with dementia.BackgroundPeople with dementia are increasingly cared for at home by family members and home care staff. Care of people with dementia should be person‐centred; however, little is known about how home care staff understand and enact person‐centred care in their daily work.DesignGrounded theory.MethodsHome care staff (n = 29) were recruited from home care services specialised in providing care for people with dementia. Group interviews were conducted, and a tentative theoretical model for providing person‐centred home care to people with dementia was outlined. Nine of the participants were then individually interviewed to further develop the model. The analysis was conducted parallel to the data collection, and hypotheses concerning the evolving theoretical model were continuously tested in the following interviews. The COREQ checklist for qualitative studies was used in reporting the study.ResultsPerson‐centred home care of people with dementia was conceptualised as a series of processes: Getting ready, getting in, giving care, getting out and finalising the story, each with subprocesses. Theatre metaphors were used to describe how the care was provided. A core process, Enacting and re‐enacting familiarity, was at centre in all processes.ConclusionsIn the person‐centred care of people with dementia, familiarity had to be established and continuously fostered. When familiarity was in place, the care recipient and the home care staff acted as a team to perform the care. The theoretical works of Goffman were used to interpret the results.Relevance to clinical practiceThe study provides a model for person‐centred care of people with dementia at home that deepens the understanding of its processes, prerequisites and outcomes. The model can inform education and administration of home care for people with dementia.
Research progress in teratoma‐associated anti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor encephalitis: The gynecological perspective
Authors: Gu Jiaxin , Chen Qian , Gu Handong , Duan Ruiqi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimAnti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is one of the autoimmune encephalitis, which often occurs in children and young adults, especially in young women. In addition to viral infection, teratoma is an important causative factor. Anti‐NMDAR encephalitis is well known to neurologist. However, this is less well known to gynecologists, who may have a decisive role in etiological management. Therefore, from the perspective of gynecologists, we provide an overview of the relationship between the encephalitis and ovarian teratoma, the clinical features and treatment of this disease, and prognosis of pregnant women with this encephalitis.MethodsWe searched the PubMed database using the search terms in various combinations “teratoma,” “dermoid cyst,” “ovary,” “ovarian,” “anti‐NMDAR encephalitis,” and “N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor.”ResultsAccording to the current literature, the mechanism of anti‐NMDAR encephalitis is probably due to the ectopic expression of the NMDAR in the teratomas tissue. The disease has a high mortality rate if not treated promptly and effectively. An important way to improve patients' outcome is to remove the ovarian tumor in time. Pregnant women are also at risk of developing anti‐NMDAR encephalitis during pregnancy. The fetal outcome is usually better in patients with mid‐ to late‐pregnancy onset than in early pregnancy, and patients are often able to maintain their pregnancies into late pregnancy.ConclusionYoung women with sudden onset of abnormal psychiatric behavior should be actively screened for ovarian tumors and, if confirmed to be teratoma‐associated anti‐NMDAR encephalitis, should undergo gynecologic surgery as early as possible, which can help improve their prognosis.
Polarization of macrophages in the trigeminal ganglion of rats with pulpitis
Authors: Gao Lu , Fan Fan , Wang Lina , Tang Bohan , Wen Zhihao , Tang Jing , Dai Ting , Jin Haiwei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundDental pulp tissues are rich in pain‐related afferent nerve fibers, which originate from primary sensory neurons in the trigeminal ganglion (TG). The mechanisms of central nervous system (CNS) underlying ectopic pain following peripheral inflammation have been reported that the macrophages as inflammatory and immunologic mediators in the TG play an important role in the process of pulpitis and hyperalgesia.Objective(s)To observe the polarization response and dynamic distribution of macrophages in the TG during the development of dental pulp inflammation.MethodsA rat model of pulpitis was established using complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Hematoxylin‐eosin (HE), immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF), toluidine blue (TB) staining, and RT‐qPCR were performed to observe the expression of macrophage‐related factors in the TG.ResultsThe results of IHC staining showed that M2 macrophages labeled with CD206 were observed in the TG of both the control and CFA groups. The statistical analysis indicated that the number of CD206‐positive macrophages in the TG increased significantly at 24 h after CFA‐induced pulpitis, reached a peak at 2 weeks, and then returned to the normal level after 6 weeks. The ratio of M2/M1 in the CFA groups was significantly lower than that in the control group from 24 to 72 h, and this pattern was reversed at 2 weeks after CFA‐induced pulpitis; then, the ratio increased significantly and was maintained at a high level for 4 weeks. RT‐qPCR results showed that the expression of IL‐10 in the TG increased significantly from 1 to 4 weeks after CFA‐induced pulpitis.ConclusionThe trend of M2 macrophages was opposite to that of M1 macrophages in the TG during the process of pulpitis induced by CFA, which is consistent with the expression of macrophage‐related cytokines. Macrophage polarization in the TG may participate in the neuroinflammation response induced by dental pulpitis.
Sleep‐disordered breathing in Australian children with Prader‐Willi syndrome following initiation of growth hormone therapy
Authors: Caudri Daan , Nixon Gillian M , Nielsen Aleisha , Mai Linda , Hafekost Claire R , Kapur Nitin , Seton Chris , Tai Andrew , Blecher Greg , Ambler Geoff , Bergman Philip B , Vora Komal A , Crock Patricia , Verge Charles F , Tham Elaine , Musthaffa Yassmin , Lafferty Antony R , Jacoby Peter , Wilson Andrew C , Downs Jenny , Choong Catherine S 
Published: August 2021

AimIn children with Prader‐Willi syndrome (PWS), growth hormone (GH) improves height and body composition; however, may be associated with worsening sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB). Some studies have reported less SDB after GH initiation, but follow‐up with polysomnography is still advised in most clinical guidelines.MethodsThis retrospective, multicentre study, included children with PWS treated with GH at seven PWS treatment centres in Australia over the last 18 years. A paired analysis comparing polysomnographic measures of central and obstructive SDB in the same child, before and after GH initiation was performed with Wilcoxon signed‐rank test. The proportion of children who developed moderate/severe obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) was calculated with their binomial confidence intervals.ResultsWe included 112 patients with available paired data. The median age at start of GH was 1.9 years (range 0.1–13.5 years). Median obstructive apnoea hypopnoea index (AHI) at baseline was 0.43/h (range 0–32.9); 35% had an obstructive AHI above 1.0/h. Follow‐up polysomnography within 2 years after the start of GH was available in 94 children who did not receive OSA treatment. After GH initiation, there was no change in central AHI. The median obstructive AHI did not increase significantly (P = 0.13), but 12 children (13%, CI95% 7–21%) developed moderate/severe OSA, with clinical management implications.ConclusionsOur findings of a worsening of OSA severity in 13% of children with PWS support current advice to perform polysomnography after GH initiation. Early identification of worsening OSA may prevent severe sequelae in a subgroup of children.
Which effort pays off? Analyzing ideators’ behavioral patterns on corporate ideation platforms
Authors: Gamber Michael , Kruft Tobias , Kock Alexander 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe challenge of developing high‐quality ideas as the basis of new goods and services is an important topic that coincides with companies’ rapid development of these products. In response, firms increasingly rely on online ideation platforms for ideation contests to optimize their employees’ creative power. This optimization requires a profound understanding of online ideation contests’ underlying mechanisms, specifically the participants’ innovative behavior that contributes to generating, elaborating, and championing ideas based on each ideator's effort distribution, namely their behavioral patterns. Our analysis of the ideators’ behavioral patterns and their relationship to idea success consists of two steps. First, we combine contest theory with innovative behavior literature to derive eight types of innovative behavior in online contests—clustered into the three categories idea generation, elaboration, and championing—that represent the ideators’ required efforts to compete in an ideation contest successfully. Second, we use a unique empirical sample, which combines platform and evaluation data of a corporate R&D ideation contest with participants’ survey data, received a few days before the contest's closure, to analyze the relationship between the effort invested in these dimensions and idea success. The results show that more effort does not necessarily lead to better results. The effort invested in idea generation, such as more extensive submission (“spamming”) and creative inspiration (“copying”), could be wasted and even has adverse effects on idea success. However, especially effort invested into idea championing provides strong possibilities to increase idea success.
The origin and evolution of Stanford University’s design thinking: From product design to design thinking in innovation management
Authors: Auernhammer Jan , Roth Bernard 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article outlines the origin and evolution of one of the most influential design thinking perspectives in the Innovation Management discourse. This study addresses two significant criticisms of design thinking, namely, theoretical grounding and construct clarity. It also illustrates how this humanistic and creative design practice transcended into a comprehensive Innovation Management approach, facilitating entrepreneurship and innovation. Our research analyzes the evolution of the design philosophy and practices developed at Stanford University from 1957 to 2005 through document analysis. We identified design qualities that have been consistent over the decades, providing further construct clarity and insights on managing Design‐driven Innovation. These design qualities elucidate design thinking as a cognitive process, creative practice, organizational routine, and design culture. They emphasize finding profound needs and problems and translate them into tangible designs, creating value for people. This design philosophy is deeply rooted in humanistic psychology theories, particularly on creativity and human values. Collaborations between psychologists, industrial researchers, and designers created this creative and human‐centered design approach, known today as design thinking. This value‐driven innovation offers a humanistic perspective on innovation theory and practice. It also offers an Innovation Management schema of design qualities essential for developing Design‐driven Innovation capabilities in organizations and educational institutions. We emphasize that developing a creative design culture in which people have the human values, abilities, and confidence to collaboratively identify continuous emerging problems and needs and contribute through tangible designs generates an era of innovation and is essentially innovation management.
Liver involvement in neuroblastoma amplified sequence gene deficiency is not limited to acute injury: Fibrosis silently continues
Authors: Nazmi Farinaz , Ozdogan Elif , Mungan Neslihan O. , Arikan Cigdem 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBiallelic mutations in neuroblastoma amplified sequence gene (NBAS) is a rare disease which is characterized by recurrent liver failure (RALF). We reported the novel mutations, clinical characteristics and long‐term outcomes of 5 patients with novel biallelic NBAS variants. Four patients (80%) had acute, episodic liver crises (LC) triggered by fever, with a median age of onset of 8.5 months. The median age in the last episode was 34 months. Median number of liver episodes was 4. The course of ALF was complicated by hepatic encephalopathy and hypoglycaemia in all patients with ALF. Two patients recovered with conservative treatment, 2 required liver transplantation (LT) and 1 died during the fourth episode. Long‐term post‐transplant follow‐up showed normal liver function and histology. There is no hepatic or extrahepatic recurrence after LT. Non‐transplanted patients exhibited fibrosis in either biopsy or elastography. Despite a reduction in the frequency of clinically significant episodes, patients may exhibit ongoing liver injury and fibrosis. An acute on chronic liver failure with predominant cholestasis can be an alternative presentation.
Ancient divergence of Indian and Tibetan wolves revealed by recombination‐aware phylogenomics
Authors: Hennelly Lauren M. , Habib Bilal , Modi Shrushti , Rueness Eli K. , Gaubert Philippe , Sacks Benjamin N. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe grey wolf (Canis lupus) expanded its range across Holarctic regions during the late Pleistocene. Consequently, most grey wolves share recent (<100,000 years ago) maternal origins corresponding to a widespread Holarctic clade. However, two deeply divergent (200,000–700,000 years ago) mitochondrial clades are restricted, respectively, to the Indian subcontinent and the Tibetan Plateau, where remaining wolves are endangered. No genome‐wide analysis had previously included wolves corresponding to the mitochondrial Indian clade or attempted to parse gene flow and phylogeny. We sequenced four Indian and two Tibetan wolves and included 31 additional canid genomes to resolve the phylogenomic history of grey wolves. Genomic analyses revealed Indian and Tibetan wolves to be distinct from each other and from broadly distributed wolf populations corresponding to the mitochondrial Holarctic clade. Despite gene flow, which was reflected disproportionately in high‐recombination regions of the genome, analyses revealed Indian and Tibetan wolves to be basal to Holarctic grey wolves, in agreement with the mitochondrial phylogeny. In contrast to mitochondrial DNA, however, genomic findings suggest the possibility that the Indian wolf could be basal to the Tibetan wolf, a discordance potentially reflecting selection on the mitochondrial genome. Together, these findings imply that southern regions of Asia have been important centers for grey wolf evolution and that Indian and Tibetan wolves represent evolutionary significant units (ESUs). Further study is needed to assess whether these ESUs warrant recognition as distinct species. This question is especially urgent regarding the Indian wolf, which represents one of the world's most endangered wolf populations.
Landscape distribution and abundance of animal‐associated adult filth flies on commercial swine facilities in North Carolina, US
Authors: Machtinger E. T. , Brown J. E. , Burgess E. R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFilth flies associated with animal production transmit pathogens to humans and animals, propagate antimicrobial resistance in microbial communities and provoke nuisance litigation. Although dispersal of flies from facilities is often responsible for these negative effects, filth fly research on swine facilities has been limited to within the barns. Filth fly adaptations in space and time, as well as influences of abiotic and biotic factors impact distribution and abundance of animal‐associated filth flies on swine production facilities. In this study, fly surveillance was conducted around four swine facilities in Bladen County, North Carolina, U.S.A. from January 2019 to October 2019. Traps were replaced weekly and animal‐associated filth flies were identified. Flies were grouped for comparison based on biology and differences in pest management strategies. There were distinct differences in abundance and spatial distribution of different filth fly groups on the swine facilities, which are likely linked to environmental factors like spatial relation to crop production and species phenology. The impact of the observed temporal and spatial distribution and abundance is discussed in the context of filth fly management.
Evolution not revolution – what might the future hold for front‐of‐pack nutrition labelling in the UK?: A British Nutrition Foundation roundtable
Authors: Gibson‐Moore Helena , Spiro Ayela 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObesity and diet‐related chronic diseases remain a serious public health concern across the globe. As part of an integrated package of policies to tackle obesity, many countries use front‐of‐pack nutrition labelling (FOPNL), which can provide at‐a‐glance information to help consumers make healthier food choices. The UK government has recently run a consultation (July 2020–October 2020) on FOPNL to gather views and evidence on the current ‘multiple traffic lights’ (MTL) label scheme, and to compare other FOPNL schemes (such as the Chilean Warning and Nutri‐Score labels) in respect of their impact on consumer and industry behaviour. To identify and explore the strengths and limitations of different FOPNL systems, the British Nutrition Foundation hosted a virtual roundtable event with a wide range of stakeholders in October 2020. The ensuing discussions considered the effectiveness of FOPNL in guiding food purchases and healthier eating choices and in driving product reformulation; as well as the potential advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and challenges of different systems including MTL and Nutri‐Score. This report describes some of the key points emerging from the discussions.
The oral microbiome of treated and untreated chronic HCV infection: A preliminary study
Authors: Gamal‐AbdelNaser Ayat , Mohammed Waleed S. , ElHefnawi Mahmoud , AbdAllah Mohamed , Elsharkawy Aisha , Zahran Fat'heya M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesChronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a debilitating disease that is lately treated using direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs). Changes in the oral microbiome were detected in other liver diseases; however, oral microbiome was never investigated in patients having chronic HCV infection, whether pre‐ or post‐treatment.Materials and MethodsThis case–control preliminary study enrolled three equal groups: Group (I): untreated HCV patients; group (II): HCV patients who achieved viral clearance after DAA administration; and group (III): healthy controls. For each participant, a buccal swab was harvested and its 16S rRNA was sequenced.ResultsThe oral microbiome of chronic HCV patients had a significantly distinct bacterial community compared to healthy controls, characterized by high diversity and abundance of certain pathogenic species. These changes resemble that of oral lichen planus patients. After treatment by DAAs, the oral microbiome shifted to a community with partial similarity to both the diseased and the healthy ones.ConclusionsChronic HCV is associated with dysbiotic oral microbiome having abundant pathogenic bacteria. With HCV clearance by DAAs, the oral microbiome shifts to approach the healthy composition.
Clinical implication of intraoperative ventricular‐arterial coupling in pediatric patients undergoing ventricular septal defects repair: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Oh Jimi , Lee Byungdoo Andrew , Shin Won‐Jung , Jeong DaUn , Yun Tae‐Jin , Park Chun Soo , Choi Eun Seok , Song In‐Kyung 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundVentricular‐arterial coupling is the ratio of arterial elastance to ventricular end‐systolic elastance.AimsThe objective of this study was to determine the clinical implication of intraoperative ventricular‐arterial coupling derived from the pressure‐area relationship using transesophageal echocardiography.MethodsThis retrospective study reviewed the medical records of 72 pediatric patients with ventricular septal defects who underwent corrective surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. The single‐beat modified method was used to assess ventricular‐arterial coupling. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the correlation between ventricular‐arterial coupling and early postoperative outcomes, including the maximum vasoactive‐inotropic score, length of mechanical ventilation, and length of hospital stay.ResultsVentricular‐arterial coupling after cardiopulmonary bypass significantly increased (from 1.0 ± 0.4 to 1.4 ± 0.8, p < .001), indicating a disproportionate increase in the arterial elastance index (from 11.5 ± 5.1 to 19.8 ± 7.5 mmHg/cm2/m2, p < .001) compared with the ventricular end‐systolic elastance index (from 13.0 ± 6.9 to 16.9 ± 9.0 mmHg/cm2/m2, p < .001). Logistic regression analyses revealed that high postoperative ventricular‐arterial coupling was independently associated with higher postoperative maximum vasoactive‐inotropic score (>10; odds ratio [OR], 8.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.38–46.85, p = .020), longer postoperative mechanical ventilation (>15 h; OR: 11.00; 95% CI: 1.26–96.45, p = .030), and longer postoperative hospital stay (>7 days; OR: 2.98; 95% CI: 1.04–8.58, p = .043).ConclusionsVentricular‐arterial coupling can be easily obtained from the intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography in pediatric patients undergoing ventricular septal defects repair. High postoperative ventricular‐arterial coupling is strongly associated with worse early postoperative outcomes. Ventricular‐arterial coupling shows promise as an intraoperative analysis tool that can provide insight into the impact of interventions on cardiovascular performance and identify potential targets for treatment in this population.
Acquired idiopathic generalized anhidrosis: A case series of two Caucasian patients
Authors: Reid Alexander T. , Goettsche Lainee , Willis Melissa , Powers Jennifer , Berrebi Kristen G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAcquired idiopathic generalized anhidrosis (AIGA) is a rare disorder characterized by insidious or sudden onset of the inability to sweat involving >25% of body surface area in the absence of other neurologic or sweat gland abnormalities and typically affects young, healthy, Asian men. Here, we describe two Caucasian teenagers with the diagnosis. They both had variable responses to prednisone, one in the setting of an elevated ANA, suggesting an autoimmune or inflammatory pathomechanism of the disorder. It is essential the clinician recognizes this rare entity and initiates timely intervention to prevent the serious consequences of hyperpyrexia.
Frictional melanosis: A pediatric case series
Authors: Holzer David , Wanat Karolyn , Lalor Leah 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe present a pair of cases detailing acquired hyperpigmented patches overlying the spinous processes of pediatric patients. These cases are consistent with a condition that has previously been documented in the adult population and is known by many names, including “Davener's dermatosis,” “towel melanosis,” and “lifa disease.” We propose unifying these terms into a single standardized name, “frictional melanosis,” when it is encountered in the pediatric setting. In presenting these findings, we hope that greater awareness and recognition of this benign condition in pediatric patients will decrease the need for biopsy and reduce family concern.