bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ganoderma applanatum mushroom provides new insights into the management of diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and hepatic degeneration: A comprehensive analysis
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Shahadat , Barua Anik , Tanim Mohammad Akramul Hoque , Hasan Mohammad Sharif , Islam Mohammad Jahedul , Hossain Md. Rabiul , Emon Nazim Uddin , Hossen S M Moazzem 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study was undertaken to evaluate the antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, and hepatoprotective effects of methanol and aqueous extracts of Ganoderma applanatum (MEGA, AEGA) in alloxan‐induced diabetic rats. The antidiabetic study was implemented by the induction of alloxan to the rats. The analysis of the hypolipidemic and liver‐protective effects of fungus extracts was studied by estimating the lipid profile and the liver marker enzymes. Besides, in silico screening of the compounds of Ganoderma applanatum has been incorporated thus to check the binding affinity of compounds and enzymes affinity. The Discovery Studio 2020, UCSF Chimera, and PyRx AutoDock Vina have been used to implement the docking analysis. Nine days of oral feeding of MEGA and AEGA of Ganoderma applanatum resulted in a significant (p < .001) reduction in blood glucose, lipid profile, and liver marker enzymes. Besides, Myrocin C scored the highest score in the docking study. The biological and computational approaches suggested the MEGA and AEGA could be a potential source for antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, and hepatoprotective effects.
Quality, physicochemical, and textural properties of dairy products containing fruits and vegetables: A review
Authors: Salehi Fakhreddin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDue to the high utilization rate of dairy products, enrichment of these products will successfully decrease or prevent diseases related with nutrition deficiencies. Fruits and vegetables in different forms (i.e., fresh, juices, powder, puree, and extract) are excellent sources for the enrichment of dairy products because of their desired taste, color, aroma, fibers, and vitamins content. So, this manuscript reviews the effect of some fruits and vegetables on the rheological behavior, physicochemical attributes, color parameters, sensorial and quality properties of dairy products including cheeses, ice creams, and yogurts. The physicochemical, color, texture, and sensorial properties of dairy products were affected with addition of fruits or vegetables. Also, the addition of these products contributes to the higher content of vitamins, natural colorants, minerals, polyphenols, crude fiber, and carotenoids. In addition, some fruits and vegetables are considered as potential dairy products stabilizing agent due to their desirable functional properties, such as water binding and holding, gelling and thickening ability. In summary, enrichment of cheeses, ice creams, and yogurts with fruits and vegetables increase the market share of these products due to the high demand for goods for an improved diet, rich in compounds with antioxidant activity and biological properties.
Investigation of antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence factor genes in Trueperella pyogenes isolated from clinical mastitis cases of dairy cows
Authors: Ashrafi Tamai Iradj , Mohammadzadeh Abdolmajid , Zahraei Salehi Taghi , Mahmoodi Pezhman , Pakbin Babak 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTrueperella pyogenes is an opportunistic pathogen causing important diseases including mastitis and metritis in domestic animals such as dairy cows leading to prominent economic losses in food production industry. The aim of this study was to investigate bacterial species, antimicrobial susceptibility, and presence of virulence factor genes and genotyping of T. pyogenes isolates associated with summer mastitis cases from 22 different farms around Tehran, Iran. Fifty‐five percent of dairy cows with clinical mastitis symptoms was infected by T. pyogenesis indicated that this pathogen is the most important contributor to clinical mastitis in dairy cows in the present study. A significant correlation was illustrated between presence of virulence factor genes of isolated pathogen, biochemical patterns, and the utter infected types. Multidrug resistance susceptibility observed between isolates indicated the important need for prudent use of antimicrobials in treatment of mastitis caused by T. pyogenes and increased concerning of consumer health associated with recent problems of antimicrobial resistance. The categorization of isolates was implemented into seven different clonal related types by COX‐PCR at 80% of similarity cutoff with significance relationship to clonal types, CAMP test result and sampling time and biochemical profile. Regarding to the results obtained at the present study, T. pyogenes can be considered as an important typically cause of purulent and acute form of clinical bovine mastitis and loss of dairy productivity. Further studies with more sample size and high‐throughput omic methods in various sampling time and areas are suggested for study of this pathogen precisely.
Mast Cells Regulate Ductular Reaction and Intestinal Inflammation in Cholestasis Through Farnesoid X Receptor Signaling
Authors: Meadows Vik , Kennedy Lindsey , Ekser Burcin , Kyritsi Konstantina , Kundu Debjyoti , Zhou Tianhao , Chen Lixian , Pham Linh , Wu Nan , Demieville Jennifer , Hargrove Laura , Glaser Shannon , Alpini Gianfranco , Francis Heather 
Published: June 2021

Background and Aims
Cholestasis is characterized by increased total bile acid (TBA) levels, which are regulated by farnesoid X receptor (FXR)/FGF15. Patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) typically present with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Mast cells (MCs) (i) express FXR and (ii) infiltrate the liver during cholestasis promoting liver fibrosis. In bile‐duct‐ligated (BDL) MC‐deficient mice (B6.Cg‐KitW‐sh
/HNihrJaeBsmJ [KitW‐sh
]), ductular reaction (DR) and liver fibrosis decrease compared with BDL wild type, and MC injection exacerbates liver damage in normal mice.

Approach and Results
In this study, we demonstrated that MC‐FXR regulates biliary FXR/FGF15, DR, and hepatic fibrosis and alters intestinal FXR/FGF15. We found increased MC number and biliary FXR expression in patients with liver injury compared with control. Histamine and FGF19 serum levels and small heterodimer partner expression increase in patients PSC and PSC‐IBD compared with healthy controls. MC injection increased liver damage, DR, inflammation, biliary senescence/senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP), fibrosis, and histamine in KitW‐sh
mice. Inhibition of MC‐FXR before injection reduced these parameters. BDL and KitW‐sh
mice injected with MCs displayed increased TBA content, biliary FXR/FGF15, and intestinal inflammation, which decreased in BDL KitW‐sh
and KitW‐sh
mice injected with MC‐FXR. MCs increased ileal FXR/FGF15 expression in KitW‐sh
mice that was reduced following FXR inhibition. BDL and multidrug resistance 2/ATP‐binding cassette family 2 member 4 knockout (Mdr2
−/−) mice, models of PSC, displayed increased intestinal MC infiltration and FXR/FGF15 expression. These were reduced following MC stabilization with cromolyn sodium in Mdr2
−/− mice. In vitro, MC‐FXR inhibition decreased biliary proliferation/SASP/FGF and hepatic stellate cell activation.

Conclusions
Our studies demonstrate that MC‐FXR plays a key role in liver damage and DR, including TBA regulation through alteration of intestinal and biliary FXR/FGF15 signaling.
Assessing the responses of smokers to requests to stop smoking on hospital grounds
Authors: Giles Luke , Bauer Lyndon , Batchelor Samantha 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIssue addressedFear of aggression is often cited as an issue for health service staff in approaching smokers who are breaching smoke‐free policies. This study collected data to quantify the interactions between Health Promotion Service staff and smokers. The aim was to trial de‐escalation based protocols for Authorised Inspectors and one for general staff with regards to the aggression risk to staff when approaching smokers within hospital grounds.MethodsThe study design was a non‐randomised trial with no control group. A standard protocol was developed, based on de‐escalation techniques. The primary outcomes of the study were measures of aggression and smokers’ compliance with instructions to extinguish their cigarette. Aggression was recorded using the Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS). Two hundred interactions were conducted with smokers during business hours by Health Promotion Service staff. The first 100 interactions were based on an enforcement methodology typically delivered by Authorised Inspectors, while the second 100 interactions were based on an information and assistance methodology to reflect those that could be delivered by general health service staff.ResultsOnly four instances of aggression were experienced, representing 2% of all interactions. Each of these was limited to verbal aggression. No self‐aggression, aggression against property, or physical aggression was encountered. Smokers were significantly more compliant to instructions to extinguish their cigarette in the enforcement method (64%) than the information and assistance method (45%) (P < .001). Groups of smokers were more compliant than individual smokers in the enforcement method (76.3% compared to 56.5%, P < .05).ConclusionsThis study quantifies the risk of aggression to health service staff conducting smoking compliance interactions using two methodologies. By following de‐escalation‐based protocols, staff can approach smokers in a low‐risk manner and support smoke‐free policy implementation and compliance. For general staff, the emphasis of interactions must be on providing information and assistance to smokers, not enforcement, as indicated by the reduced rate of immediate compliance, introducing an increased risk of escalation if enforcement is attempted.So what?These protocols could be implemented by other health services or organisations that are seeking to optimise the involvement of staff in supporting smoke‐free policies.
Parameterizing a hydrological model using a short‐term observational dataset to study runoff generation processes and reproduce recent trends in streamflow at a remote mountainous permafrost basin
Authors: Nesterova Nataliia , Makarieva Olga , Post David Andrew 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRecent decades have seen a change in the runoff characteristics of the Suntar River basin in the mountainous, permafrost, hard‐to‐reach region of Eastern Siberia. This study aims to investigate and simulate runoff formation processes, including the factors driving recent changes in hydrological response of the Suntar River, based on short‐term historical observations of a range of hydrological, climatological and landscape measurements conducted in 1957–1959. The hydrograph model is applied as it has the advantage of using observed physical properties of landscapes as its parameters. The developed parametrization of the goltsy landscape (rocky‐talus) is verified by comparison of the results of simulations of variable states of snow and frozen ground with observations carried out in 1957–1959. Continuous simulations of streamflow on a daily time step are conducted for the period 1957–2012 in the Suntar River (area 7680 km2, altitude 828–2794 m) with mean and median values of Nash–Sutcliff criteria reaching 0.58 and 0.67, respectively. The results of simulations have shown that the largest component of runoff (about 70%) is produced in the high‐altitude area which comprises only 44% of the Suntar River basin area. The simulated streamflow reproduces the patterns of recently observed changes, including the increase in low flows, suggesting that the increase in the proportion of liquid precipitation in autumn due to air temperature rise is an important factor in driving streamflow changes in the region. The data presented are unique for the vast mountainous parts of North‐Eastern Eurasia which play an important role in the global climate system. The results indicate that parameterizing a hydrological model based on observations allows the model to be used in studying the response of river basins to climate change with greater confidence.
Determination of the herbicide paraquat using the new Ag‐GO/CuO/GCE‐modified glassy carbon electrode by differential pulse voltammetry
Authors: Savary Abdolrahman , Yari Abdollah 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFinding the synergistic electrochemical effect of cuprous oxide nanoparticle (CuO‐NP), Ag‐nanoparticle (Ag‐NP) on graphene oxide (GO) encouraged us to provide a novel modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for the determination of the herbicide paraquat (PQ) in solution. The necessary compounds were prepared by simple methods and characterized by scanning electronic microscopy, UV/Vis spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The sensor showed good electrocatalytic activity toward the reduction of PQ. The cyclic voltammetric and DPV results showed that the oxidation and reduction processes of PQ are reversible and the Ag‐GO/CuO composition had good electrocatalytic performances in the determination of PQ. The responses of the electrochemical Ag‐GO/CuO/GCE were investigated for pH, type of supporting electrolyte, scan rate, and the response reproducibility of the system. Under the optimized conditions, a linear response over the concentration range of 0.40–650.0 μM of PQ was observed with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.999 and a detection limit of 0.07 μM. Reasonable recoveries between 99.2 and 105.0% were obtained for river water PQ content.
Variation in hydrogen sulfide emissions from a U.S. Midwest anaerobic dairy lagoon
Authors: Grant Richard H. , Mangan Mary R. , Boehm Matthew T. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHydrogen sulfide (H2S) emissions from midwestern United States dairy anaerobic waste lagoons are episodic and seasonal. Emissions were modeled using an inverse diffusion model in conjunction with measured concentrations and turbulence. The potential for lagoon mixing was estimated by the Brunt frequency using a theoretical Fourier series temperature profile model constructed from measured air and lagoon temperatures. Annual H2S emissions from the dairy parlor and holding area liquid waste, based on 318 d of measurement, were 212 g m–2 or 807 g head of cattle–1. Hydrogen sulfide emissions were highest in the spring and the fall. Eleven days with emissions >7 g d–1 head–1 accounted for 25% of the annual emissions. Shear mixing appeared to dominate the mixing in the lagoon when the lagoon was estimated to be nearly isothermal. Wind shear correlated with significantly greater daily mean emissions. The H2S emissions from this lagoon appeared to result from a series of processes; biogenic production of H2S in the sludge, H2S‐enriched bubbles rise through the lagoon by buoyancy and wind shear induced mixing, and bubbles bursting at the surface either due to desiccation of the bubbles or surface disturbances induced by wind and precipitation.
Association between HLA alleles and Epstein–Barr virus Zta‐IgA serological status in healthy males from southern China
Authors: Yuan Lei‐Lei , Deng Chang‐Mi , Xue Wen‐Qiong , He Yong‐Qiao , Wang Tong‐Min , Zhang Jiang‐Bo , Yang Da‐Wei , Zhou Ting , Wu Zi‐Yi , Liao Ying , Zheng Mei‐Qi , Li Dan‐Hua , Cao Lian‐Jing , Jia Yi‐Jing , Zhang Wen‐Li , Xiao Ruo‐Wen , Luo Lu‐Ting , Tong Xia‐Ting , Wu Yan‐Xia , Huang Jing‐Wen , Jia Wei‐Hua 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), an Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) associated cancer, exhibits an extremely high incidence in southern Chinese. Given that human leukocyte antigen (HLA) plays critical roles in antigen presentation and relates to NPC susceptibility, it is speculated that certain HLA variants may affect EBV reactivation, which is a key pathogenic factor of NPC. Therefore, we attempted to identify HLA alleles associated with the indicator of EBV reactivation, Zta‐IgA, in healthy males from NPC endemic area.MethodsHLA alleles of 1078 healthy males in southern China from the 21‐RCCP study were imputed using genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphism data. EBV Zta‐IgA in blood samples were measured using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the effect of HLA allele on Zta‐IgA serological status and its potential joint association with smoking. The binding affinity for Zta‐peptide was predicted using NetMHCIIpan 4.0.ResultsHLA‐DRB1*09:01 was found to be associated with a higher risk of Zta‐IgA seropositivity (odds ratio = 1.80, 95% confidence interval = 1.32–2.45; p = 1.82 × 10−4). Compared with non‐smokers without HLA‐DRB1*09:01, the effect size increased to 2.19‐ and 3.70‐fold for the light and heavy smokers carrying HLA‐DRB1*09:01, respectively. Furthermore, HLA‐DRB1*09:01 showed a stronger binding affinity to Zta peptide than other HLA‐DRB1 alleles.ConclusionsOur study highlighted the pivotal role of genetic HLA variants in EBV reactivation and the etiology of NPC. Smokers with HLA‐DRB1*09:01 have a significantly higher risk of being Zta‐IgA seropositive, which indicates the necessity of smoking cessation in certain high‐risk populations and also provide clues for further research on the etiology of NPC.
Prevalence and factors associated with common mental disorders in young people living with HIV in sub‐Saharan Africa: a systematic review
Authors: Too Ezra K , Abubakar Amina , Nasambu Carophine , Koot Hans M , Cuijpers Pim , Newton Charles RJC , Nyongesa Moses K 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionCommon mental disorders (CMDs) particularly depression and anxiety, are highly comorbid with HIV also in young people living with HIV (YLWH). In sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) where most YLWH reside, there are limited summary data on CMDs among these youths, yet there are previous systematic reviews summarizing data on CMDs among adults living with HIV. We conducted a systematic literature review on the prevalence and correlates of CMDs among YLWH, aged 10 to 24 years, from SSA.MethodsWe searched African Index Medicus, African Journals Online and five other electronic databases (from database inception up to 31 December 2020) for relevant studies published in English. The key search terms applied were as follows: “Depression OR Anxiety”, “Young people”, “HIV infections” and “sub‐Saharan Africa”.Results and discussionOut of 3989 articles, 31 studies were included in the review. The prevalence of CMDs in YLWH widely varied ranging between 16.0% and 40.8% for major depression, 4.4% and 52.6% for depressive symptoms and 2.2% and 25.0% for anxiety symptoms. Anxiety disorder was estimated at 45.6%. Four of the five included studies with a comparison group of HIV‐negative young people reported significantly higher prevalence estimates of depressive disorders among YLWH. Several sociodemographic, psychosocial and HIV‐related correlates of CMDs were reported but most lacked consensus across studies. Nevertheless, female sex, older age, fewer schooling years, HIV‐positive status, bullying, sexual abuse, HIV‐related stigma, social support and poor antiretroviral therapy adherence were frequently reported (in ≥2 studies) as significant correlates of depressive symptoms among YLWH. Higher social support was the only frequent significant correlate of anxiety symptoms.ConclusionsThe burden of CMDs among YLWH from SSA is substantial and appears to be significantly higher when compared with HIV‐negative peers, particularly for depressive disorders. However, more comparative research is needed. Importantly, screening for CMDs at the youth HIV‐clinics should be prioritized especially for YLWH at high risk of CMDs, to facilitate early management or referral for treatment. Furthermore, youth‐friendly psychological interventions addressing CMDs in YLWH should urgently be piloted in SSA, incorporating contextual components that may directly or indirectly reduce symptoms of CMDs among YLWH, such as social support.
Interventions to address the mental health of adolescents and young adults living with or affected by HIV: state of the evidence
Authors: Bhana Arvin , Kreniske Philip , Pather Ariana , Abas Melanie Amna , Mellins Claude A 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionAdolescents and young adults (AYA) remain vulnerable to HIV‐infection and significant co‐morbid mental health challenges that are barriers to treatment and prevention efforts. Globally millions of AYA are living with HIV (AYALH) and/or have been affected by HIV in their families (AYAAH), with studies highlighting the need for mental health programmes. With no current guidelines for delivering mental health interventions for AYALH or AYAAH, a scoping review was undertaken to explore current evidence‐based mental health interventions for AYALH and AYAAH to inform future work.MethodsThe review, targeting work between 2014 and 2020, initially included studies of evidence‐based mental health interventions for AYALH and AYAAH, ages 10 to 24 years, that used traditional mental health treatments. Given the few studies identified, we expanded our search to include psychosocial interventions that had mental health study outcomes.Results and discussionWe identified 13 studies, seven focused on AYALH, five on AYAAH, and one on both. Most studies took place in sub‐Saharan Africa. Depression was targeted in eight studies with the remainder focused on a range of emotional and behavioural symptoms. Few studies used evidence‐based approaches such as Cognitive Behaviour Therapy; psychosocial approaches included mental health treatments, group‐based and family strengthening interventions, economic empowerment combined with family strengthening, group‐based mindfulness and community interventions. Eleven studies were randomized control trials with four pilot studies. There was variation in sample size, treatment delivery mode (individual focus, group‐based, family focus), and measures of effectiveness across studies. Most used trained lay counsellors as facilitators, with few using trained mental health professionals. Eleven studies reported positive intervention effects on mental health.ConclusionsDespite the need for mental health interventions for AYALH and AYAAH, we know surprisingly little about mental health treatment for this vulnerable population. There are some promising approaches, but more work is needed to identify evidence‐based approaches and corresponding mechanisms of change. Given limited resources, integrating mental health treatment into healthcare settings and using digital health approaches may support more standardized and scalable treatments. Greater emphasis on implementation science frameworks is needed to create sustainable mental health treatment for AYALH and AYAAH globally.