bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance Analysis of Simulated Annealing and Genetic Algorithm on systems of linear equations
Authors: Islam Md. Shabiul , Khatoon Most Tahamina , Siddiquee Kazy Noor-e-Alam , Yong Wong Hin , Huda Mohammad Nurul 
Published: December 2021

Problem solving and modelling in traditional substitution methods at large scale for systems using sets of simultaneous equations is time consuming. For such large scale global-optimization problem, Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm and Genetic Algorithm (GA) as meta-heuristics for random search technique perform faster. Therefore, this study applies the SA to solve the problem of linear equations and evaluates its performances against Genetic Algorithms (GAs), a population-based search meta-heuristic, which are widely used in Travelling Salesman problems (TSP), Noise reduction and many more. This paper presents comparison between performances of the SA and GA for solving real time scientific problems. The significance of this paper is to solve the certain real time systems with a set of simultaneous linear equations containing different unknown variable samples those were simulated in Matlab using two algorithms-SA and GA. In all of the experiments, the generated random initial solution sets and the random population of solution sets were used in the SA and GA respectively. The comparison and performances of the SA and GA were evaluated for the optimization to take place for providing sets of solutions on certain systems. The SA algorithm is superior to GA on the basis of experimentation done on the sets of simultaneous equations, with a lower fitness function evaluation count in MATLAB simulation. Since, complex non-linear systems of equations have not been the primary focus of this research, in future, performances of SA and GA using such equations will be addressed. Even though GA maintained a relatively lower number of average generations than SA, SA still managed to outperform GA with a reasonably lower fitness function evaluation count. Although SA sometimes converges slowly, still it is efficient for solving problems of simultaneous equations in this case. In terms of computational complexity, SA was far more superior to GAs.
Healing through faith: meeting a chaplain coupled with biblical readings could produce lymphocyte changes that correlate with brain activity (HEALING study)
Authors: Béres András , Emri Miklós , Aranyi Csaba , Fajtai Dániel , Nagy Ferenc , Szabó Péter , Bödecs Pál , Hörcsik Edit , Perpékné Papp Éva , Tomanek Ferenc , Kuti Márta , Petőfalviné Ágnes , Kisdeákné Hajnalka , Bíró Gergely , Kovács Dániel , Bakos Bettina , Vinczen Eszter , Gál Eszter , Sillinger Renáta , Szalai Zoltán , Szilágyi Antal , Kiss-Merki Marianna , Nagyéri György , Fodor Judit , Németh Tamás , Papp Erzsébet , Repa Imre 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Faith and systems of beliefs are known to impact not only the emotional, but also the immunological state of believers in ways that we are just starting to understand. Moreover, clinical implications of previous studies are limited. The aim of the “HEALING” (Hospital-based Ecumenical and Linguistic Immuno-NeuroloGic) Study was to examine immunological and neurological changes in hospitalized patients after meeting a chaplain coupled with biblical readings. Methods: Hospitalized patients were pre-screened to find those who were the most in need of an intervention. A passage from the Bible was read to them during a meeting with the chaplain at the bedside (n= 20) or in the chapel (n= 18). No meeting occurred in the randomized control group (n=19). Blood samples were taken 30 minutes prior, and 60 minutes after the meeting to measure white blood cells (WBC), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgA, IgG, and complement 3 (C3). A subgroup of the visited patients was subjected to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), where they were played an audiotape of readings of the same passage from the Bible (n=21). Results: Lymphocyte counts increased more often after the more successful visits, but the immunological changes were not significant. Conversely, a significant (pfwe=0.003) correlation was revealed between changes in lymphocytes and activation of the angular gyrus (left BA39) during fMRI, a brain area involved in word recognition. Conclusions: Although limited by the sample size and cohort study design, the findings suggest the depth of psycho-immunological changes could depend on the degree to which the chaplains’ main message is understood.
The South Estonian language islands in the context of the Central Baltic area
Authors: Norvik Miina , Balodis Uldis , Ernštreits Valts , Kļava Gunta , Metslang Helle , Pajusalu Karl , Saar Eva 
Published: December 2021

This article offers a comparative analysis of several morphosyntactic and phonological features in the South Estonian language islands: Leivu, Lutsi, and Kraasna. The objective is to give an overview of the distribution of selected features, their (in)stability over time, and discuss their form and use in a broader areal context. To achieve this goal, comparative information was also included from the closest cognate varieties (Estonian and the South Estonian varieties, Courland Livonian and Salaca Livonian) and the main contact varieties (Latgalian, Latvian, and Russian). The data analysed in this study originated from various sources: text collections, dictionaries, and language corpora. The results reveal a multitude of linguistic patterns and distribution patterns, which means that the studied varieties are similar to / different from one another in various ways and points to multifaceted contact situations and outcomes in this area.
Kokkuvõte. Miina Norvik, Uldis Balodis, Valts Ernštreits, Gunta Kļava, Helle Metslang, Karl Pajusalu, Eva Saar: Lõunaeesti keelesaared Kesk-Balti mõjuväljas. Artikkel esitab lõunaeesti keelesaarte – Leivu, Lutsi ja Kraasna – mitme morfosüntaktilise ja fonoloogilise joone võrdleva analüüsi. Uurimuse eesmärgiks on anda ülevaade valitud joonte levikust ja püsivusest ajas ning arutleda nende vormide ja kasutuse üle laiemas areaalses kontekstis. Selleks võetakse arvesse lähimate sugulaskeelte (eesti ja lõunaeesti, Kuramaa ja Salatsi liivi) ja -murrete ning tähtsamate kontaktkeelte (latgali, läti, vene) esinemusi. Analüüsitakse erinevatest allikatest, mh tekstikogudest, sõna- raamatutest ja keelekorpustest pärit ainest. Uurimistulemused toovad esile mitmesuguseid vormiseoseid ja muutuste levikuviise, osutades uuritud keelte ja murrete omavaheliste kontaktide mitmelaadsusele ning sellest tingitud erinevatele keelesüsteemi arengutele.
Observations on Lutsi oral tradition
Authors: Salve Kristi 
Published: December 2021

This article examines Lutsi intangible culture in an attempt to clarify the origins of this language island. Historical stories about coming from “Sweden” refer to southern Estonia, but such stories are also widespread in areas that were never under Swedish rule. The Christian tradition is based on the church language and literature of Estonia. Lutsi laments or lament-like songs are unique, different from Seto laments, but also from the lament-like orphan songs of southern Estonia. Work songs and ritual songs (tavandilaul) as well as narrative songs are related to traditions found in both Võromaa and Setomaa. Oskar Kallas’s documentation contains an impressive number of children’s songs and readings, short verses, and other peripheral material. Their proportion only increases in later collections. The influence of Latvian songs is striking and can be seen from direct translations to texts where original and borrowed material intermingle. The Lutsi tradition was also probably influenced by their Slavic neighbours. Comparisons with the folklore of the other South Estonian language islands and that of the Tver Karelians shows both commonalities and differences.
Kokkuvõte. Kristi Salve: Tähelepanekuid Lutsi maarahva suulisest pärimusest. Artiklis on vaadeldud Lutsi maarahva vaimset kultuuri, püüdes selgust tuua keelesaare kujunemisloosse. Ajaloolised jutud „Rootsi“ päritolust viitavad küll Lõuna-Eestile, kuid sellised jutud on levinud ka aladel, mis pole Rootsi võimu alla kuulunudki. Lutsi kristlik pärimus lähtub Eesti kirikukeelest ja -kirjandusest. Lutsi itkud või itkulaadsed laulud on omapärased, erinedes setu itkudest, aga ka Lõuna-Eesti itkulaadsetest vaeslapselauludest. Töö- ja tavandilaulud, samuti jutustavad laulud seostuvad nii Võrumaa kui ka Setumaa traditsiooniga. Juba Oskar Kallase kogus on silmapaistvalt palju lastele mõeldud laule ja lugemisi, lühikesi (pilke)salmikesi ja muud perifeerset rahvaluule ainest. Hilisemates kogudes nende osakaal suureneb. Silmapaistev on läti laulude mõju alates otsestest tõlgetest kuni tekstideni, milles genuiinne ja laenuline segunevad. Ilmselt on Lutsi traditsiooni mõjutanud ka naabruses elavad slaavi rahvad. Võrdluses teiste vanade eesti keelesaarte, aga ka Tveri karjalaste rahvaluulega hakkab silma mõndagi ühist, kuid samas ka erinevat.
Prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infections, schistosomiasis, and lymphatic filariasis before and after preventive chemotherapy initiation in the Philippines: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: delos Trinos John Paul Caesar Robles , Wulandari Luh Putu Lila , Clarke Naomi , Belizario Vicente , Kaldor John , Nery Susana Vaz 
Published: December 2021

Objective
To estimate the impact of preventive chemotherapy on the prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections, schistosomiasis, and lymphatic filariasis in the Philippines, using systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods
We included reports reporting prevalence of STH infections, schistosomiasis, or lymphatic filariasis in the Philippines published until 31 March 2021. Peer-reviewed studies were identified in electronic databases. Grey literature reports by the University of the Philippines and the Department of Health were also included. Pooled infection prevalence, before and after the initiation of preventive chemotherapy, stratified by age group, was calculated using the inverse variance heterogeneity model.

Findings
A total of 109 reports were included in the review and meta-analysis. Overall prevalence of moderate-heavy intensity Ascaris lumbricoides (6.6%) and Trichuris trichiura (2.7%) infection after initiation of preventive chemotherapy were significantly lower than the prevalence prior to initiation (23.6% for A. lumbricoides and 12.2% for T. trichiura). Prevalence reductions were also found in school and preschool-age children for A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura. Studies conducted after preventive chemotherapy initiation had significantly lower overall prevalence of moderate-heavy intensity schistosomiasis (3.1% vs 0.2%) and of schistosomiasis in school-age children (30.5% vs 1%). Pooled prevalence of lymphatic filariasis prior to preventive chemotherapy initiation was 3.2% across 12 provinces, while currently only two provinces still have prevalence of more than 1%. There were no published studies reporting prevalence of lymphatic filariasis after initiation of preventive chemotherapy. Heterogeneity was high with I2 mostly above 90%.

Conclusion
The burden of STH infections and schistosomiasis in children were significantly lower in studies conducted following the initiation of preventive chemotherapy. Eliminating morbidity and interrupting transmission, however, may require expanded control initiatives including community-wide treatment, and improved water, sanitation, and hygiene. Lymphatic filariasis burden has decreased since the implementation of preventive chemotherapy, with all but two provinces having reached the elimination of lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem.
Eculizumab in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) requiring continuous positive airway pressure ventilator support: Retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ruggenenti Piero , Di Marco Fabiano , Cortinovis Monica , Lorini Luca , Sala Silvia , Novelli Luca , Raimondi Federico , Gastoldi Sara , Galbusera Miriam , Donadelli Roberta , Mele Caterina , Piras Rossella , Noris Marina , Portalupi Valentina , Cappelletti Laura , Carrara Camillo , Tomatis Federica , Bernardi Silvia , Perna Annalisa , Peracchi Tobia , Diadei Olimpia , Benigni Ariela , Remuzzi Giuseppe 
Published: December 2021

Background
Complement activation contributes to lung dysfunction in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We assessed whether C5 blockade with eculizumab could improve disease outcome.

Methods
In this single-centre, academic, unblinded study two 900 mg eculizumab doses were added-on standard therapy in ten COVID-19 patients admitted from February 2020 to April 2020 and receiving Continuous-Positive-Airway-Pressure (CPAP) ventilator support from ≤24 hours. We compared their outcomes with those of 65 contemporary similar controls. Primary outcome was respiratory rate at one week of ventilator support. Secondary outcomes included the combined endpoint of mortality and discharge with chronic complications.

Results
Baseline characteristics of eculizumab-treated patients and controls were similar. At baseline, sC5b-9 levels, ex vivo C5b-9 and thrombi deposition were increased. Ex vivo tests normalised in eculizumab-treated patients, but not in controls. In eculizumab-treated patients respiratory rate decreased from 26.8±7.3 breaths/min at baseline to 20.3±3.8 and 18.0±4.8 breaths/min at one and two weeks, respectively (p<0.05 for both), but did not change in controls. Between-group changes differed significantly at both time-points (p<0.01). Changes in respiratory rate correlated with concomitant changes in ex vivo C5b-9 deposits at one (rs = 0.706, p = 0.010) and two (rs = 0.751, p = 0.032) weeks. Over a median (IQR) period of 47.0 (14.0–121.0) days, four eculizumab-treated patients died or had chronic complications versus 52 controls [HRCrude (95% CI): 0.26 (0.09–0.72), p = 0.010]. Between-group difference was significant even after adjustment for age, sex and baseline serum creatinine [HRAdjusted (95% CI): 0.30 (0.10–0.84), p = 0.023]. Six patients and 13 controls were discharged without complications [HRCrude (95% CI): 2.88 (1.08–7.70), p = 0.035]. Eculizumab was tolerated well. The main study limitations were the relatively small sample size and the non-randomised design.

Conclusions
In patients with severe COVID-19, eculizumab safely improved respiratory dysfunction and decreased the combined endpoint of mortality and discharge with chronic complications. Findings need confirmation in randomised controlled trials.
International collaborative study to evaluate and calibrate two recombinant L chain Ferritin preparations for use as a WHO International Standard
Authors: Fox Bernard , Roberts Graham , Atkinson Eleanor , Rigsby Peter , Ball Christina 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate and calibrate two candidate preparations for the 4th International Standard for Ferritin (Human, Recombinant) (codes: 19/118 and 19/162) against the 3rd International Standard for Ferritin (Human, Recombinant) (code: 94/572), and three serum commutability samples in an international collaborative study involving 12 laboratories in nine countries.

Methods
Eleven of the 12 participating laboratories performed Ferritin quantitation using automated assay platforms and one laboratory used a manual ELISA kit.

Results
There was better overall agreement between all laboratories and between assay methods for the potency of preparation 19/118 than for preparation 19/162. The overall geometric mean potency (from all methods) of the candidate 4th International Standard, 19/118, was 10.5 µg/ampoule, with inter-laboratory variability, expressed as % geometric coefficient of variation (GCV), of 4.7%. Accelerated stability studies have predicted both 19/118 and 19/162 to be very stable for long term storage at −20 °C.

Conclusions
The candidate 4th International Standard for Ferritin (Human, Recombinant) (19/118) has been shown to be immunologically similar to the 3rd International Standard for Ferritin (Human, Recombinant) (94/572). It was recommended to and accepted by the WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization that 19/118 be established as the 4th International Standard for Ferritin (Human, Recombinant) with an assigned potency of 10.5 µg/ampoule and expanded uncertainty limits 10.2–10.8 µg/ampoule (95% confidence; k=2.23).
Spectral Properties of Dissipation
Authors: Ván Peter , Kovács Róbert , Vázquez Federico 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The novel concept of spectral diffusivity is introduced to analyze the dissipative properties of continua. The dissipative components of a linear system of evolution equations are separated into noninteracting parts. This separation is similar to mode analysis in wave propagation. The new modal quantities characterize dissipation and are best interpreted as effective diffusivities, or, in case of the heat conduction, as effective heat conductivities of the material.
Effects of some level density models and γ-ray strength functions on production cross-section calculations of 16,18O and 24,26Mg radioisotopes
Authors: Kavun Y. , Makwana R. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Oxygen and magnesium isotopes can be used in nuclear reactor materials as cooling, shielding, coating, electronics etc. They can also occur through nuclear reactions during the reactor operation. The exposure of high energy gamma can change the material and its properties, and hence its objective of selection may not remain satisfied. Thus, it is required to study the cross section of different reactions on nuclear reactor materials to understand their sustainability for the properties, for which they are chosen. In the scope of this study, theoretically, different level density model calculations and γ-ray strength functions have been performed for (γ, p) reaction for 16,18O and 24,26Mg nuclei using TALYS 1.9 and EMPI˙RE 3.2.2 codes. Also, semi empirical (γ, p) formula by Tel et al., have been calculated and compared with all results. The effect of different level density models defined in these codes on gamma strength has been studied. Finally, the consistency of these obtained data with EXFOR data have been investigated.
Robust Object Detection in Colour Images Using a Multivariate Percentage Occupancy Hit-or-Miss Transform
Authors: Macfarlane Fraser , Murray Paul , Marshall Stephen , Perret Benjamin , Evans Adrian , White Henry 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe extension of Mathematical Morphology to colour and multivariate images is challenging due to the need to define a total ordering in the colour space. No one general way of ordering multivariate data exists and, therefore, there is no single, definitive way of performing morphological operations on colour images. In this paper, we propose an extension to mathematical morphology, based on reduced ordering, specifically the morphological Hit-or-Miss Transform which is used for object detection. The reduced ordering employed transforms multivariate observations to scalar comparisons allowing for an order to be derived and for both flat and non-flat structuring elements to be used. We also compare other definitions of the Hit-or-Miss Transform and test alternative colour ordering schemes presented in the literature. Our proposed method is shown to be intuitive and outperforms other approaches to multivariate Hit-or-Miss Transforms. Furthermore, methods of setting the parameters of the proposed Hit-or-Miss Transform are introduced in order to make the transform robust to noise and partial occlusion of objects and, finally, a set of design tools are presented in order to obtain optimal values for setting these parameters accordingly.
Posthumanist Solidarity: The Political and Ethical Imaginations of Artificial Intelligence from Battlestar Galactica to Raised by Wolves
Authors: Gefen Alexandre 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A number of twenty-first century television series explore the irruption of AI devices into our daily lives, highlighting not only human interaction with AI, but posing disturbing and new ontological considerations: humans wondering how they are different from machines, or those of machines being unaware that they are machines and only discovering so belatedly. Within these series, the emergence of these thoughts is accompanied by the staging of interspecies friendship and romance: the metaphysical question of freedom gives way to the question of attachment, and then the problem of autonomy gives way to that of interdependence. It is this passage from metaphysical speculation to political reflection that I would like to demonstrate.
Thiol/disulfide homeostasis and oxidant status in children with congenital heart disease
Authors: Sogut Ibrahim , Kar Fatih , Senat Almila , Duymaz Tomris , Erel Ozcan , Salihoglu Ece 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
This article aims to explain the altered oxidative status and thiol/disulfide homeostasis before and after surgery in children with congenital heart disease (CHD).

Methods
Blood samples were taken from the patients (n=50) before the operation (baseline), at the 1st hour, and at the 24th hour after the operation. Thiol-disulfide levels, total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), myeloperoxidase (MPO), ceruloplasmin, albumin, ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), and prolidase activities of all samples were measured. Pre-operative oxygen saturation (SaO2) values and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratios (NLR) were also measured.

Results
Before the operation, TOS, OSI, MPO, ceruloplasmin, IMA, NRL, and disulfide levels were higher in the cyanotic group than in the acyanotic group. When the indicated three different time points were compared, the TOS, OSI levels, and MPO activities of the 24th hour were significantly lower than the baseline and 1st hour. In comparison, ceruloplasmin levels of 1st hour were significantly higher than of the baseline and 24th hour. Native thiol and total thiol levels in the baseline group were significantly lower than in the 1st and 24th hours. Disulfide levels of the 24th hour were significantly lower than of the baseline.

Conclusions
The operation leads to changes in the thiol-disulfide balance and oxidant status in CHD.
Academician Jonas Kubilius: works dedicated to the history of Lithuanian mathematics
Authors: Banionis Juozas 
Published: December 2021

The rise of the Lithuanian mathematical school in the second half of the 20th century is associated with the development of probability theory and its application, and the foundations of that school were insightfully laid by the famous Lithuanian mathematician Jonas Kubilius. However, the academician also had a second vocation – the history of mathematics. At the end of the 20th century, he purposefully researched the mathematical legacy of the poet, bishop A. Baranauskas, recognizing him as the first Lithuanian mathematician researcher of the second half of the 19th century.
At the beginning of the 21st century, J. Kubilius undertook a detailed implementation of the idea of a work in the history of Lithuanian mathematics. For this purpose, an informal group of specialists was convened, the content of the work was planned, and the research-based book series ``From the History of Lithuanian Mathematics'' was published. The fourth book in this series, Mathematics in Lithuanian Higher Education Institutions in 1921–1944, presents the research of an academic who reveals the situation of mathematics in universities in Kaunas and Vilnius.
In addition, the memoirs of mathematics history by J. Kubilius, dedicated to mathematicians Z. Žemaitis, G. Žilinskas and V. Statulevičius, should be mentioned.
The article, at the end of which fragments of the author's memories are presented, is dedicated to the centenary of the birth of Academician J. Kubilius.