bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The regional-scale surface mass balance of Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctica, over the period 2005–2014, derived from airborne radar soundings and neutron probe measurements
Authors: Kowalewski Stefan , Helm Veit , Morris Elizabeth Mary , Eisen Olaf 
Published: March 2021

Abstract. We derive recent surface mass balance (SMB) estimates from airborne radar observations along the iSTAR traverse (2013, 2014) at Pine Island Glacier (PIG), West Antarctica. Ground-based neutron probe measurements provide information of snow and firn density with depth at 22 locations and were used to date internal annual reflection layers. The 2005 layer was traced for a total distance of 2367 km to determine annual mean SMB for the period 2005–2014. Using complementary SMB estimates from two regional climate models, RACMO2.3p2 and MAR, and a geostatistical kriging scheme, we determine a regional-scale SMB distribution with similar main characteristics to that determined for the period 1985–2009 in previous studies. Local departures exist for the northern PIG slopes, where the orographic precipitation shadow effect appears to be more pronounced in our observations, and the southward interior, where the SMB gradient is more pronounced in previous studies. We derive total mass inputs of 79.9±19.2 and 82.1±19.2 Gt yr−1 to the PIG basin based on complementary ASIRAS–RACMO and ASIRAS–MAR SMB estimates, respectively. These are not significantly different to the value of 78.3±6.8 Gt yr−1 for the period 1985–2009. Thus, there is no evidence of a secular trend at decadal scales in total mass input to the PIG basin. We note, however, that our estimated uncertainty is more than twice the uncertainty for the 1985–2009 estimate on total mass input. Our error analysis indicates that uncertainty estimates on total mass input are highly sensitive to the selected krige methodology and assumptions made on the interpolation error, which we identify as the main cause for the increased uncertainty range compared to the 1985–2009 estimates.
Wake redirection at higher axial induction
Authors: Cossu Carlo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The energy produced by wind plants can be increased by mitigating the negative effects of turbine–wake interactions. In this context, axial-induction control and wake redirection control, obtained by intentionally yawing or tilting the rotor axis away from the mean wind direction, have been the subject of extensive research but only very few investigations have considered their combined effect. In this study we compute power gains that are obtained by operating tilted and yawed rotors at higher axial induction by means of large-eddy simulations using the realistic native National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) 5 MW actuator disk model implemented in the Simulator for On/Offshore Wind Farm Applications (SOWFA). We show that, for the considered two-row wind-aligned array of wind turbines, the power gains of approximately 5 % obtained by standard wake redirection at optimal tilt or yaw angles and reference axial induction can be more than tripled, to above 15 %, by operating the tilted or yawed turbines at higher axial induction. It is also shown that significant enhancements in the power gains are obtained even for moderate overinduction. These findings confirm the potential of overinductive wake redirection highlighted by previous investigations based on more simplified turbine models that neglected wake rotation effects. The results also complement previous research on dynamic overinductive yaw control by showing that it leads to large power gain enhancements also in the case where both the yaw and the overinduction controls are static, hopefully easing the rapid testing and implementation of this combined-control approach.
Supervision, Advisement and Dialogic Pedagogy: present day issues and provocations for the future
Authors: Gradovski Mikhail 
Published: March 2021

This article is a reflection on the Dialogic Pedagogy Journal (DPJ) Special Issue on Supervision and Advisement. Altogether five articles made it through a rigorous double-blind peer review process and crossed the finishing line to become a part of this special issue. Supervision and advisement are areas of education where Dialogic Pedagogy approach is a welcome guest as learning and teaching constructs that are used in these areas require various forms of dialogue. This special issue is a humble but a promising beginning for the special issues on supervision and advisement in this journal. All the studies included in this special issue are good examples of well-done scientific endeavors that can be used as illustrations of how a good piece of research should be executed and reported. However, the question remains if the means of analyses used in these studies are satisfactory enough so that we could understand to the fullest the complexities of the co-lived lives of the participants in supervisory and advisement relationships and co-learned knowledge that all the participants have gained.
Screening technique on the selection of potent microorganisms for operation in microbial fuel cell for generation of power
Authors: Choudhury Payel , Bhunia Biswanath , Bandyopadhyaya Tarun Kanti 
Published: March 2021

This paper focuses on determination of the influence of electrochemically active mi­cro­or­ga­ni­sms on the transmission of electrons from the respiratory enzymes to the electrode and as­sembling of exoelectrogens to the simulated wastewater medium. In this study, the total of eight microorganisms were experimentally tested to exhibit growth and high iron-reducing ability in the absence of mediators. A major connection was observed between the growth and iron-reduction ability of the micro­organism. The growth and iron-reduction ability were monitored experimentally over time. Based on output data, the screening was done among eight different micro­organisms, where Escherichia coli -K-12 was chosen as the most potent micro­organism for its wide application in a microbial fuel cell (MFC). In the present study, various biochemical process factors were optimized statistically using Tagu­chi metho­dology for the rapid development of growth and iron-reducing assay conditions. The design of various experimental trials was carried out using five process factors at three levels with orthogonal arrays (OA) layout of L18. Five process factors, including quantity of lactose, volume of trace element solution, inoculum percentage, pH, and temperature, were taken into consideration as imperative process factors and optimized for evaluation of growth of bacteria and iron reduction ability. The larger-is-best signal to noise (S/N) ratio, together with analysis of variance ANOVA, were used during optimization. Anticipated results demonstrated that the enhanced bacterial growth of 124.50 % and iron reduction ability of 112.6 % can be achieved with 8 g/L of lactose, 2 ml of trace element solution, 4 % (v/v) of inoculum, pH 7, and temperature of 35 oC. Furthermore, the growth and iron reduc­tion time profiles of Escherichia coli-K12 were performed to determine its feasibility in MFC. Open circuit voltage of 0.555 V was obtained over batch study on a single chamber microbial fuel cell (SCMFC).
EVALUASI MEDIA INFORMASI TERHADAP KESADARAN MASYARAKAT MENGHADAPI BENCANA TSUNAMI STUDI KASUS: KOTA PADANG
Authors: Sumema Sumema 
Published: March 2021

Kondisi Indonesia, yang berada di daerah rawan bencana (ring of fire), sering menimbulkan bencana, terutama gempa bumi dan tsunami. Media informasi penting dalam memberikan informasi dan edukasi dalam meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat terhadap risiko bencana. Dengan adanya ancaman bencana tsunami, perlu adanya analisis dan evaluasi salah satu program mitigasi bencana, terutama dalam perspektif desain, yaitu media informasi tentang mitigasi tsunami. Dengan cara Â mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh media informasi terhadap kesadaran masyarakat dalam menghadapi bencana tsunami. Proses penelitian menggunakan dua metode, antara kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Penelitian ini penyebaran kuesioner sebanyak 384 responden, metoda pengolahan data menggunakan SPSS menghasilkan data analisis statistik Univariat (Statistik deskriptif) dan penggujian Bivariat (Chi-Square) dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% (Î±=0,05). Hasil analisis menunjukan Ha2 Diterima: sebanyak 5 jenis media yang diuji, menghasilkan nilai p value â‰¤ 0,05, terdapat korelasi yang signifikan antara media informasi dengan tingkat pemahaman kesadaran masyarakat terhadap bencana tsunami setelah melihat media informasi. Analisis deskriptif untuk menjabarkan nilai korelasi melalui teori elemen-elemen desain, hasil analisis tersebut adalah visual dari desain media informasi mempengaruhi masyarakat dalam memahami informasi. Serta adanya temuan berupa klasifikasi media untuk perbaikan media informasi melalui sistem zonasi bencana.
A revision of Onychelmis Hinton, 1941 (Coleoptera: Elmidae), with description of new species, DNA barcoding and notes on the geography of the genus
Authors: Linský Marek , Čiamporová-Zaťovičová Zuzana , Čiampor Jr Fedor 
Published: March 2021

The genus Onychelmis Hinton, 1941 was for a long time regarded as a small taxon with only three known species distributed in the Andes. A study of new material from Ecuador, using morphological and molecular data, has resulted in the discovery of five new species: Onychelmis lenkae sp. nov., O. lobata sp. nov., O. minor sp. nov., O. onorei sp. nov. and O. splendida sp. nov. We also revised the entire genus and redescribed the three known species, O. longicollis (Sharp, 1882), O. leleupi Delève, 1968 and O. whiteheadi Spangler & Santiago, 1991. Habitus photographs of adults are provided, together with line drawings of male and female genitalia, and schematic illustrations of the distribution of femoral tomentum for each species. DNA sequences for barcoding the COI mtDNA fragment were used to support species delimitation and to suggest possible relationships among species. The revision includes a key to adults of all species of Onychelmis and notes on the biogeography of the genus, with an updated distribution map.
Gastrointestinal Tract Endoscopic Evaluation of Iron Deficiency Anemia Patients without Gastrointestinal Manifestations Tanta University Hospitals Experience
Authors: Elmezayen Mahmoud A. , Hodeib Hossam A. , E. Enaba Mohamed , Gawaly Amr M. 
Published: March 2021

Aims: Endoscopic evaluation of symptomless IDA patients and related lesions.
Study Design: A Cross-sectional epidemiological study.
Place and Duration of Study: The hematology unit of the Internal medicine department in Tanta university hospital, the duration of the study was 6 months from 1 January to 31 June 2019.
Methodology: 100 consecutive patients with laboratory base diagnosis of IDA without GI symptoms were involved in the study and their clinical and biochemical variables were recorded. All patients underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and colonoscopy. Endoscopic findings were documented as the presence/absence of bleeding-related lesions or other causes of IDA.
Results: Possible cause of anemia was found in 95% and bleeding related lesions were found in 70% of patients. Upper GIT lesions were found in 70% of patients with 42% bleeding related lesions. Lower GIT lesions were found in 33% of patients with 21% bleeding related lesions. On multivariable logistic regression: old age, low hemoglobin (HB), low serum ferritin, and positive fecal occult blood test (FOBT) were predictive factors for GIT lesions and cause of IDA.
Conclusion: Clinical and biochemical markers can predict GI lesions on endoscopy in IDA patients without GI symptoms. A high proportion of upper GI involvement makes EGD an initial endoscopic procedure however, a colonoscopy should be done in old age, and when upper GI lesions don't correlate with the severity of IDA.
Phytochemical and Antibiofilm Activity of Aloe barbadensismiller (Aloe vera) on Candida albicans Isolated from Urinary Catheter
Authors: Raphael Galleh, P. , Favour Nwosisi, C. , Aisha Mohammed, F. 
Published: March 2021

Aims: To screen for phytochemicals present in Aloe barbadensismiller (Aloe vera) growing within the Main Campus of Nasarawa State University Keffi (NSUK), determine biofilm forming ability, and to investigate the antibiofilm activity of the plant extracts on biofilm formed by clinical isolates of Candida isolated from urinary catheters.
Study Design: The leaf of Aloe vera were collected and maceration method was used to extract the plant materials used for the screening of bioactive components. Swab samples were collected from the surfaces of patients’ urinary catheters presenting at Federal Medical Centre and Nagari Hospital, Keffi respectively, irrespective of their ages and sexes. Biofilm forming ability of the isolates was investigated and the antibiofilm activity of the plant extracts determined. Ordinary one-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data where P = .05.
Place and Duration of Study: The research was carried out in the Microbiology Laboratory of NSUK, using the Aloe vera plant collected within the University community and the biofilm analysis was conducted at National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom Plateau State, between October 2018 to March 2019.
Methodology: Both the aqueous and ethanolic extracts were screened for aloin, tannins, saponins, glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids etc, and the Candida species were subjected to biofilm formation in a flat bottom 96-well microtiter polystyrene plate using crystal violet assay. Broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the extracts whereas, antibiofilm activity of the extracts was investigated by growing biofilms in the presence of Aloe vera leaf extracts.
Results: The presence of tannin, saponins, phenols, reducing sugars and aloin were found in the leaf aqueous extract while alkaloid, flavonoid, glycoside, tannin, phenols, reducing sugars, terpenoids, quinones and aloin in the ethanolic extract. Clinical isolates of Candida were found to be strong biofilm formers (70%). Both the aqueous and ethanolic extracts had significant effects on initial cell attachment where P = .05, however, none was able to achieve complete biofilm eradication, including the positive control ketoconazole. Ethanolic extract inhibits C. albicans cell attachment by 54.25%, aqueous extract 25.68% and ketoconazole has 48.54% percentage inhibition, respectively. Interestingly, ethanolic extracts showed a better antibiofilm property (37.38%) compared to ketoconazole that had 33.98% biofilm inhibition.
Conclusion: The leaf extracts of Aloe barbadensismiller has significantly reduced biofilm formed by clinical isolates of Candida. Coating of urinary catheters with A. vera extracts can decrease nosocomial infections, morbidity, and high mortality as well as financial burden, hence, serving as an alternative treatment for urinary tract infections.
The Standard of Prescription of Medicines in Obstetrics and Outpatient Gynecology of a Public Hospital
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. 
Published: March 2021

Objective: This study aimed to describe the pattern of prescription ofmedications in the department of obstetrics and gynecology in a public hospital in Alkharj.
Methodology: This is a retrospective study that included data collection of outpatient electronic prescriptions at a public hospital in Alkharj. Data were collected and analyzed using Microsoft Excel. Descriptive data were represented as percentages and numbers.
Results: The total number of outpatients who received prescriptions from the obstetrics and gynecology outpatient clinic was 722. The majority were between 20 and 39 years old (76.04%). Most prescriptions were written by consultants (55.12%) followed by residents (42.38%). Most drugs were prescribed as tablets (63.43%) followed by capsules (17.17%) and ampoule/syringe (9.42%). The most prescribed medication was paracetamol (14.68%) followed by ferrous sulfate/ferrous hydroxide (13.85), amoxicilline (8.17%).
Conclusion: The pattern of prescription of medications in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, especially during pregnancy, needs to be continuously evaluated in order to promote rational prescription of medications in order to decrease morbidity and mortality associated with therapy. It is important to raise the awareness of health professionals about the use of supplements and antimicrobials.
Detection of Bacterial Contamination in Dental Unit Water Lines and Testing the Effectiveness of Disinfectants against these Contaminants
Authors: Lal Sham , Kumar Pardeep , Sapna . , Parkash Om , Malik Zulfiqar Ali , Mirbahar Ameer Ahmed , Unar Khalida , Ghumro Waheed Ahmed , Unar Ayaz Ali 
Published: March 2021

Aim: Contaminated dental unit water lines (DUWLs) are a possible source for spreading microorganisms in dental practices. The aim of this study was to detect the bacterial contamination of dental unit water and investigate the effectiveness of the disinfectants.
Methodology: Bacterial contamination was detected by a) using bacterial culture of heterotrophic bacteria, total coliforms and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and b) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of DUWLs tube. Subsequently, dentists were suggested to treat the DUWLs with disinfectants to eradicate bacterial contaminants and its effectiveness was tested after three months.
Results: Bacterial contamination of the water samples ranged from not detected to 2.38×106 CFU/mL. Out of 34 DUWLs water samples tested, 30 (88.24%) samples exceeded the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommended threshold of ≤500 CFU /mL, whereas only 4 (11.76%) samples met the standards. Contamination by total coliforms and P. aeruginosa was detected in 52.94% and 64.7% of samples respectively. SEM displayed a dense biofilm on DUWLs tubing confirming the bacterial contamination. The intervention for disinfection of DUWLs resulted more than 50% samples with acceptable bacterial count in test performed after three months.
Conclusion: The high rate of bacterial contamination of dental unit water highlights the need to disinfect and monitor the quality of DUWLs periodically.
The Expression and Clinical Significance of miRNA-135a and Bach1 in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Jiang Zhiyang , Tao Guoqing , Zhu Yanfei 
Published: March 2021

Aim
The objective of this study was to explore the correlation between the expression of miRNA-135a and Bach1 in colorectal cancer tissue and the patient's clinical information.

Methods
Sixty patients with colorectal carcinoma were treated as a control group. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays and immunohistochemistry methods were performed to detect the expression of miRNA-135a and Bach1 in 60 colorectal carcinomas and adjacent normal tissues, and the clinical and pathologic classifications were also investigated. SPSS 19.00 software was used. All data are represented as mean ± SD of 3 independent experiments. P &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
miRNA-135a expression levels increased significantly in colon cancer tissues compared with the nontumor control tissues (P &lt; 0.01). miRNA-135a expression levels were higher in stage III/IV than in stage I/II colon cancer patients. The expression level of Bach1 in colorectal cancer was significantly lower (P &lt; 0.01). Bach1 and miRNA-135a were negatively correlated.

Conclusions
The levels of miRNA-135a and Bach1 were opposite: the overexpression of miRNA-135a might downregulate the expression of Bach1, which might be involved in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer.
High‐Voltage Zinc‐Ion Batteries: Design Strategies and Challenges
Authors: Yan Jianping , Ang Edison Huixiang , Yang Yang , Zhang Yufei , Ye Minghui , Du Wencheng , Li Cheng Chao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRechargeable zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have recently attracted attention for applications in energy storage systems owing to their intrinsic safety, low cost, environmental compatibility, and competitive gravimetric energy density. To enable the practical applications of ZIBs, their energy density must be equivalent to the existing commercial lithium‐ion batteries. To acquire high‐energy density, increasing the operating voltage of the battery is undoubtedly an effective method, which demands cathode material to exhibit a high voltage versus Zn2+/Zn, while matching a highly reversible anode and an electrolyte with a sufficiently wide electrochemical stability window. This review focuses on the design strategies and challenges towards high‐voltage ZIBs. First, the basic electrochemistry of ZIBs and the recent progress in various high‐voltage cathode materials for ZIBs, including Prussian blue analogs, polyanionic compounds, and metal‐based oxides are introduced. The challenges and corresponding countermeasures of these materials are discussed, while strategies to further improve the cathode operating voltage, influence factors of voltage in the redox reaction, and energy storage mechanism are also illustrated. The following section describes the strategies towards high‐performance Zn anode, and summarizes the electrolytes that can help increase the battery voltage. The final section outlines the potential development in ZIBs.
Orientation‐Engineered Small‐Molecule Semiconductors as Dopant‐Free Hole Transporting Materials for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhou Zhiwen , Wu Qisheng , Cheng Rui , Zhang Hong , Wang Sijia , Chen Mojun , Xie Maohai , Chan Paddy Kwok Leung , Grätzel Michael , Feng Shien‐Ping 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCrystallized p‐type small‐molecule semiconductors have great potential as an efficient and stable hole transporting materials (HTMs) for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to their relatively high hole mobility, good stability, and tunable highest occupied molecular orbitals. Here, a thienoacene‐based organic semiconductor, 2,9‐diphenyldinaphtho[2,3‐b:2′,3′‐f]thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene (DPh‐DNTT), is thermally evaporated and employed as the dopant‐free HTM that can be scaled up for large‐area fabrication. By controlling the deposition temperature, the molecular orientation is modulated into a dominant face‐on orientation with π–π stacking direction perpendicular to the substrate surface, maximizing the out‐of‐plane carrier mobility. With an engineered face‐on orientation, the DPh‐DNTT film shows an improved out‐of‐plane mobility of 3.3 × 10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1, outperforming the HTMs reported so far. Such orientation‐reinforced mobility contributes to a remarkable efficiency of 20.2% for CH3NH3PbI3 inverted PSCs with enhanced stability. The results reported here provide insights into engineering the orientation of molecules for the dopant‐free organic HTMs for PSCs.
Polyoxometalates Facilitating Synthesis of Subnanometer Nanowires
Authors: Zhang Simin , Lu Qichen , Yu Biao , Cheng Xijun , Zhuang Jing , Wang Xun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSubnanometer nanowires (SNWs) refer to nanowires with diameters close to the size of a single crystal cell. SNWs show not only qualitative change in nature compared to the bulk materials or nanomaterials with larger size but also show several advantages in assembly and processing due to their polymer‐analog properties. However, the synthesis of SNWs is still a great challenge. Herein, a synthesis method of SNWs assisted by polyoxometalates is developed. Based on this method, several kinds of SNWs are prepared successfully, and the properties of the SNWs can be regulated efficiently and effectively, demonstrating the extensibility of this synthesis method. Among these SNWs, Bi2O3–PMoO SNWs show good photothermal conversion performance and can be processed into freestanding and flexible films through the wet‐spinning method. The Bi2O3–PMoO SNW films show good performance in solar steam generation and seawater desalination. The average stable evaporation rate can reach 1.38 kg m−2 h−1, and the efficiency is ≈91.1% under 1 sun illumination. The concentration of ions in the desalted seawater with the Bi2O3–PMoO SNWs film are reduced by four orders of magnitude, meeting the quality standards of drinking water and potential for practical utilization of solar energy in the seawater desalination.