bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unveiling charge dynamics of visible light absorbing oxysulfide for efficient overall water splitting
Authors: Nandal Vikas , Shoji Ryota , Matsuzaki Hiroyuki , Furube Akihiro , Lin Lihua , Hisatomi Takashi , Kaneko Masanori , Yamashita Koichi , Domen Kazunari , Seki Kazuhiko 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOxysulfide semiconductor, Y2Ti2O5S2, has recently discovered its exciting potential for visible-light-induced overall water splitting, and therefore, imperatively requires the probing of unknown fundamental charge loss pathways to engineer the photoactivity enhancement. Herein, transient diffuse reflectance spectroscopy measurements are coupled with theoretical calculations to unveil the nanosecond to microsecond time range dynamics of the photogenerated charge carriers. In early nanosecond range, the pump-fluence-dependent decay dynamics of the absorption signal is originated from the bimolecular recombination of mobile charge carriers, in contrast, the power-law decay kinetics in late microsecond range is dominated by hole detrapping from exponential tail trap states of valence band. A well-calibrated theoretical model estimates various efficiency limiting material parameters like recombination rate constant, n-type doping density and tail-states parameters. Compared to metal oxides, longer effective carrier lifetime ~6 ns is demonstrated. Different design routes are proposed to realize efficiency beyond 10% for commercial solar-to-hydrogen production from oxysulfide photocatalysts.
Visualizing nanometric structures with sub-millimeter waves
Authors: Ingar Romero Alonso , Mukherjee Amlan kusum , Fernandez Olvera Anuar , Méndez Aller Mario , Preu Sascha 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe resolution along the propagation direction of far field imagers can be much smaller than the wavelength by exploiting coherent interference phenomena. We demonstrate a height profile precision as low as 31 nm using wavelengths between 0.375 mm and 0.5 mm (corresponding to 0.6 THz–0.8 THz) by evaluating the Fabry-Pérot oscillations within surface-structured samples. We prove the extreme precision by visualizing structures with a height of only 49 nm, corresponding to 1:7500 to 1:10000 vacuum wavelengths, a height difference usually only accessible to near field measurement techniques at this wavelength range. At the same time, the approach can determine thicknesses in the centimeter range, surpassing the dynamic range of any near field measurement system by orders of magnitude. The measurement technique combined with a Hilbert-transform approach yields the (optical) thickness extracted from the relative phase without any extraordinary wavelength stabilization.
Legless soft robots capable of rapid, continuous, and steered jumping
Authors: Chen Rui , Yuan Zean , Guo Jianglong , Bai Long , Zhu Xinyu , Liu Fuqiang , Pu Huayan , Xin Liming , Peng Yan , Luo Jun , Wen Li , Sun Yu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractJumping is an important locomotion function to extend navigation range, overcome obstacles, and adapt to unstructured environments. In that sense, continuous jumping and direction adjustability can be essential properties for terrestrial robots with multimodal locomotion. However, only few soft jumping robots can achieve rapid continuous jumping and controlled turning locomotion for obstacle crossing. Here, we present an electrohydrostatically driven tethered legless soft jumping robot capable of rapid, continuous, and steered jumping based on a soft electrohydrostatic bending actuator. This 1.1 g and 6.5 cm tethered soft jumping robot is able to achieve a jumping height of 7.68 body heights and a continuous forward jumping speed of 6.01 body lengths per second. Combining two actuator units, it can achieve rapid turning with a speed of 138.4° per second. The robots are also demonstrated to be capable of skipping across a multitude of obstacles. This work provides a foundation for the application of electrohydrostatic actuation in soft robots for agile and fast multimodal locomotion.
Biological heterogeneity in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension identified through unsupervised transcriptomic profiling of whole blood
Authors: Kariotis Sokratis , Jammeh Emmanuel , Swietlik Emilia M. , Pickworth Josephine A. , Rhodes Christopher J. , Otero Pablo , Wharton John , Iremonger James , Dunning Mark J. , Pandya Divya , Mascarenhas Thomas S. , Errington Niamh , Thompson A. A. Roger , Romanoski Casey E. , Rischard Franz , Garcia Joe G. N. , Yuan Jason X.-J. , An Tae-Hwi Schwantes , Desai Ankit A. , Coghlan Gerry , Lordan Jim , Corris Paul A. , Howard Luke S. , Condliffe Robin , Kiely David G. , Church Colin , Pepke-Zaba Joanna , Toshner Mark , Wort Stephen , Gräf Stefan , Morrell Nicholas W. , Wilkins Martin R. , Lawrie Allan , Wang Dennis ,   UK National PAH Cohort Study Consortium, Bleda Marta , Hadinnapola Charaka , Haimel Matthias , Auckland Kate , Tilly Tobias , Martin Jennifer M. , Yates Katherine , Treacy Carmen M. , Day Margaret , Greenhalgh Alan , Shipley Debbie , Peacock Andrew J. , Irvine Val , Kennedy Fiona , Moledina Shahin , MacDonald Lynsay , Tamvaki Eleni , Barnes Anabelle , Cookson Victoria , Chentouf Latifa , Ali Souad , Othman Shokri , Ranganathan Lavanya , Gibbs J. Simon R. , DaCosta Rosa , Pinguel Joy , Dormand Natalie , Parker Alice , Stokes Della , Ghedia Dipa , Tan Yvonne , Ngcozana Tanaka , Wanjiku Ivy , Polwarth Gary , Mackenzie Ross Rob V. , Suntharalingam Jay , Grover Mark , Kirby Ali , Grove Ali , White Katie , Seatter Annette , Creaser-Myers Amanda , Walker Sara , Roney Stephen , Elliot Charles A. , Charalampopoulos Athanasios , Sabroe Ian , Hameed Abdul , Armstrong Iain , Hamilton Neil , Rothman Alex M. K. , Swift Andrew J. , Wild James M. , Soubrier Florent , Eyries Mélanie , Humbert Marc , Montani David , Girerd Barbara , Scelsi Laura , Ghio Stefano , Gall Henning , Ghofrani Ardi , Bogaard Harm J. , Vonk Noordegraaf Anton , Houweling Arjan C. , Veld Anna Huis in’t , Schotte Gwen , Trembath Richard C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIdiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a rare but fatal disease diagnosed by right heart catheterisation and the exclusion of other forms of pulmonary arterial hypertension, producing a heterogeneous population with varied treatment response. Here we show unsupervised machine learning identification of three major patient subgroups that account for 92% of the cohort, each with unique whole blood transcriptomic and clinical feature signatures. These subgroups are associated with poor, moderate, and good prognosis. The poor prognosis subgroup is associated with upregulation of the ALAS2 and downregulation of several immunoglobulin genes, while the good prognosis subgroup is defined by upregulation of the bone morphogenetic protein signalling regulator NOG, and the C/C variant of HLA-DPA1/DPB1 (independently associated with survival). These findings independently validated provide evidence for the existence of 3 major subgroups (endophenotypes) within the IPAH classification, could improve risk stratification and provide molecular insights into the pathogenesis of IPAH.
eIF2B-capturing viral protein NSs suppresses the integrated stress response
Authors: Kashiwagi Kazuhiro , Shichino Yuichi , Osaki Tatsuya , Sakamoto Ayako , Nishimoto Madoka , Takahashi Mari , Mito Mari , Weber Friedemann , Ikeuchi Yoshiho , Iwasaki Shintaro , Ito Takuhiro 
Published: December 2021

AbstractVarious stressors such as viral infection lead to the suppression of cap-dependent translation and the activation of the integrated stress response (ISR), since the stress-induced phosphorylated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 [eIF2(αP)] tightly binds to eIF2B to prevent it from exchanging guanine nucleotide molecules on its substrate, unphosphorylated eIF2. Sandfly fever Sicilian virus (SFSV) evades this cap-dependent translation suppression through the interaction between its nonstructural protein NSs and host eIF2B. However, its precise mechanism has remained unclear. Here, our cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) analysis reveals that SFSV NSs binds to the α-subunit of eIF2B in a competitive manner with eIF2(αP). Together with SFSV NSs, eIF2B retains nucleotide exchange activity even in the presence of eIF2(αP), in line with the cryo-EM structures of the eIF2B•SFSV NSs•unphosphorylated eIF2 complex. A genome-wide ribosome profiling analysis clarified that SFSV NSs expressed in cultured human cells attenuates the ISR triggered by thapsigargin, an endoplasmic reticulum stress inducer. Furthermore, SFSV NSs introduced in rat hippocampal neurons and human induced-pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived motor neurons exhibits neuroprotective effects against the ISR-inducing stress. Since ISR inhibition is beneficial in various neurological disease models, SFSV NSs may be a promising therapeutic ISR inhibitor.
Adiabatic versus non-adiabatic electron transfer at 2D electrode materials
Authors: Liu Dan-Qing , Kang Minkyung , Perry David , Chen Chang-Hui , West Geoff , Xia Xue , Chaudhuri Shayantan , Laker Zachary P. L. , Wilson Neil R. , Meloni Gabriel N. , Melander Marko M. , Maurer Reinhard J. , Unwin Patrick R. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract2D electrode materials are often deployed on conductive supports for electrochemistry and there is a great need to understand fundamental electrochemical processes in this electrode configuration. Here, an integrated experimental-theoretical approach is used to resolve the key electronic interactions in outer-sphere electron transfer (OS-ET), a cornerstone elementary electrochemical reaction, at graphene as-grown on a copper electrode. Using scanning electrochemical cell microscopy, and co-located structural microscopy, the classical hexaamineruthenium (III/II) couple shows the ET kinetics trend: monolayer > bilayer > multilayer graphene. This trend is rationalized quantitatively through the development of rate theory, using the Schmickler-Newns-Anderson model Hamiltonian for ET, with the explicit incorporation of electrostatic interactions in the double layer, and parameterized using constant potential density functional theory calculations. The ET mechanism is predominantly adiabatic; the addition of subsequent graphene layers increases the contact potential, producing an increase in the effective barrier to ET at the electrode/electrolyte interface.
Vortex clustering, polarisation and circulation intermittency in classical and quantum turbulence
Authors: Polanco Juan Ignacio , Müller Nicolás P. , Krstulovic Giorgio 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe understanding of turbulent flows is one of the biggest current challenges in physics, as no first-principles theory exists to explain their observed spatio-temporal intermittency. Turbulent flows may be regarded as an intricate collection of mutually-interacting vortices. This picture becomes accurate in quantum turbulence, which is built on tangles of discrete vortex filaments. Here, we study the statistics of velocity circulation in quantum and classical turbulence. We show that, in quantum flows, Kolmogorov turbulence emerges from the correlation of vortex orientations, while deviations—associated with intermittency—originate from their non-trivial spatial arrangement. We then link the spatial distribution of vortices in quantum turbulence to the coarse-grained energy dissipation in classical turbulence, enabling the application of existent models of classical turbulence intermittency to the quantum case. Our results provide a connection between the intermittency of quantum and classical turbulence and initiate a promising path to a better understanding of the latter.
Thawing Yedoma permafrost is a neglected nitrous oxide source
Authors: Marushchak M. E. , Kerttula J. , Diáková K. , Faguet A. , Gil J. , Grosse G. , Knoblauch C. , Lashchinskiy N. , Martikainen P. J. , Morgenstern A. , Nykamb M. , Ronkainen J. G. , Siljanen H. M. P. , van Delden L. , Voigt C. , Zimov N. , Zimov S. , Biasi C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn contrast to the well-recognized permafrost carbon (C) feedback to climate change, the fate of permafrost nitrogen (N) after thaw is poorly understood. According to mounting evidence, part of the N liberated from permafrost may be released to the atmosphere as the strong greenhouse gas (GHG) nitrous oxide (N2O). Here, we report post-thaw N2O release from late Pleistocene permafrost deposits called Yedoma, which store a substantial part of permafrost C and N and are highly vulnerable to thaw. While freshly thawed, unvegetated Yedoma in disturbed areas emit little N2O, emissions increase within few years after stabilization, drying and revegetation with grasses to high rates (548 (133–6286) μg N m−2 day−1; median with (range)), exceeding by 1–2 orders of magnitude the typical rates from permafrost-affected soils. Using targeted metagenomics of key N cycling genes, we link the increase in in situ N2O emissions with structural changes of the microbial community responsible for N cycling. Our results highlight the importance of extra N availability from thawing Yedoma permafrost, causing a positive climate feedback from the Arctic in the form of N2O emissions.
Boosting quantum yields in two-dimensional semiconductors via proximal metal plates
Authors: Lee Yongjun , Forte Johnathas D’arf Severo , Chaves Andrey , Kumar Anshuman , Tran Trang Thu , Kim Youngbum , Roy Shrawan , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Chernikov Alexey , Jang Joon I. , Low Tony , Kim Jeongyong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMonolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (1L-TMDs) have tremendous potential as atomically thin, direct bandgap semiconductors that can be used as convenient building blocks for quantum photonic devices. However, the short exciton lifetime due to the defect traps and the strong exciton-exciton interaction in TMDs has significantly limited the efficiency of exciton emission from this class of materials. Here, we show that exciton-exciton interaction in 1L-WS2 can be effectively screened using an ultra-flat Au film substrate separated by multilayers of hexagonal boron nitride. Under this geometry, induced dipolar exciton-exciton interaction becomes quadrupole-quadrupole interaction because of effective image dipoles formed within the metal. The suppressed exciton-exciton interaction leads to a significantly improved quantum yield by an order of magnitude, which is also accompanied by a reduction in the exciton-exciton annihilation (EEA) rate, as confirmed by time-resolved optical measurements. A theoretical model accounting for the screening of the dipole-dipole interaction is in a good agreement with the dependence of EEA on exciton densities. Our results suggest that fundamental EEA processes in the TMD can be engineered through proximal metallic screening, which represents a practical approach towards high-efficiency 2D light emitters.
De novo variants in H3-3A and H3-3B are associated with neurodevelopmental delay, dysmorphic features, and structural brain abnormalities
Authors: Okur Volkan , Chen Zefu , Vossaert Liesbeth , Peacock Sandra , Rosenfeld Jill , Zhao Lina , Du Haowei , Calamaro Emily , Gerard Amanda , Zhao Sen , Kelsay Jill , Lahr Ashley , Mighton Chloe , Porter Hillary M. , Siemon Amy , Silver Josh , Svihovec Shayna , Fong Chin-To , Grant Christina L. , Lerner-Ellis Jordan , Manickam Kandamurugu , Madan-Khetarpal Suneeta , McCandless Shawn E. , Morel Chantal F. , Schaefer G. Bradley , Berry-Kravis Elizabeth M. , Gates Ryan , Gomez-Ospina Natalia , Qiu Guixing , Zhang Terry Jianguo , Wu Zhihong , Meng Linyan , Liu Pengfei , Scott Daryl A. , Lupski James R. , Eng Christine M. , Wu Nan , Yuan Bo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe histone H3 variant H3.3, encoded by two genes H3-3A and H3-3B, can replace canonical isoforms H3.1 and H3.2. H3.3 is important in chromatin compaction, early embryonic development, and lineage commitment. The role of H3.3 in somatic cancers has been studied extensively, but its association with a congenital disorder has emerged just recently. Here we report eleven de novo missense variants and one de novo stop-loss variant in H3-3A (n = 6) and H3-3B (n = 6) from Baylor Genetics exome cohort (n = 11) and Matchmaker Exchange (n = 1), of which detailed phenotyping was conducted for 10 individuals (H3-3A = 4 and H3-3B = 6) that showed major phenotypes including global developmental delay, short stature, failure to thrive, dysmorphic facial features, structural brain abnormalities, hypotonia, and visual impairment. Three variant constructs (p.R129H, p.M121I, and p.I52N) showed significant decrease in protein expression, while one variant (p.R41C) accumulated at greater levels than wild-type control. One H3.3 variant construct (p.R129H) was found to have stronger interaction with the chaperone death domain-associated protein 6.
Trophoblast glycoprotein is a new candidate gene for Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Park Sanghyun , Yoo Jeong-Eun , Yeon Gyu-Bum , Kim Jin Hee , Lee Jae Souk , Choi Sung Kyoung , Hwang Young-Gi , Park Chan Wook , Cho Myung Soo , Kim Jongwan , Na Dokyun , Kim Hyung Wook , Kim Dae-Sung , Kim Dong-Wook 
Published: December 2021

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is a movement disorder caused by progressive degeneration of the midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Despite intense research efforts over the past decades, the etiology of PD remains largely unknown. Here, we discovered the involvement of trophoblast glycoprotein (Tpbg) in the development of PD-like phenotypes in mice.Tpbgexpression was detected in the ventral midbrain during embryonic development and in mDA neurons in adulthood. Genetic ablation ofTpbgresulted in mild degeneration of mDA neurons in aged mice (12–14 months) with behavioral deficits reminiscent of PD symptoms. Through in silico analysis, we predicted potential TPBG-interacting partners whose functions were relevant to PD pathogenesis; this result was substantiated by transcriptomic analysis of the SNc of agedTpbgknockout mice. These findings suggest thatTpbgis a new candidate gene associated with PD and provide a new insight into PD pathogenesis.
Personalized modulation of coagulation factors using a thrombin dynamics model to treat trauma-induced coagulopathy
Authors: Ghetmiri Damon E. , Cohen Mitchell J. , Menezes Amor A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCurrent trauma-induced coagulopathy resuscitation protocols use slow laboratory measurements, rules-of-thumb, and clinician gestalt to administer large volumes of uncharacterized, non-tailored blood products. These one-size-fits-all treatment approaches have high mortality. Here, we provide significant evidence that trauma patient survival 24 h after hospital admission occurs if and only if blood protein coagulation factor concentrations equilibrate at a normal value, either from inadvertent plasma-based modulation or from innate compensation. This result motivates quantitatively guiding trauma patient coagulation factor levels while accounting for protein interactions. Toward such treatment, we develop a Goal-oriented Coagulation Management (GCM) algorithm, a personalized and automated ordered sequence of operations to compute and specify coagulation factor concentrations that rectify clotting. This novel GCM algorithm also integrates new control-oriented advancements that we make in this work: an improvement of a prior thrombin dynamics model that captures the coagulation process to control, a use of rapidly-measurable concentrations to help predict patient state, and an accounting of patient-specific effects and limitations when adding coagulation factors to remedy coagulopathy. Validation of the GCM algorithm’s guidance shows superior performance over clinical practice in attaining normal coagulation factor concentrations and normal clotting profiles simultaneously.
Multi-omic machine learning predictor of breast cancer therapy response
Authors: Sammut Stephen-John , Crispin-Ortuzar Mireia , Chin Suet-Feung , Provenzano Elena , Bardwell Helen A. , Ma Wenxin , Cope Wei , Dariush Ali , Dawson Sarah-Jane , Abraham Jean E. , Dunn Janet , Hiller Louise , Thomas Jeremy , Cameron David A. , Bartlett John M. S. , Hayward Larry , Pharoah Paul D. , Markowetz Florian , Rueda Oscar M. , Earl Helena M. , Caldas Carlos 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBreast cancers are complex ecosystems of malignant cells and the tumour microenvironment1. The composition of these tumour ecosystems and interactions within them contribute to responses to cytotoxic therapy2. Efforts to build response predictors have not incorporated this knowledge. We collected clinical, digital pathology, genomic and transcriptomic profiles of pre-treatment biopsies of breast tumours from 168 patients treated with chemotherapy with or without HER2 (encoded byERBB2)-targeted therapy before surgery. Pathology end points (complete response or residual disease) at surgery3were then correlated with multi-omic features in these diagnostic biopsies. Here we show that response to treatment is modulated by the pre-treated tumour ecosystem, and its multi-omics landscape can be integrated in predictive models using machine learning. The degree of residual disease following therapy is monotonically associated with pre-therapy features, including tumour mutational and copy number landscapes, tumour proliferation, immune infiltration and T cell dysfunction and exclusion. Combining these features into a multi-omic machine learning model predicted a pathological complete response in an external validation cohort (75 patients) with an area under the curve of 0.87. In conclusion, response to therapy is determined by the baseline characteristics of the totality of the tumour ecosystem captured through data integration and machine learning. This approach could be used to develop predictors for other cancers.
Just noticeable differences for elbow joint torque feedback
Authors: Kim Hubert , Asbeck Alan T. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractJoint torque feedback is a new and promising means of kinesthetic feedback imposed by a wearable device. The torque feedback provides the wearer temporal and spatial information during a motion task. Nevertheless, little research has been conducted on quantifying the psychophysical parameters of how well humans can perceive external torques under various joint conditions. This study aims to investigate the just noticeable difference (JND) perceptual ability of the elbow joint to joint torques. The paper focuses on the ability of two primary joint proprioceptors, the Golgi-tendon organ (GTO) and muscle spindle (MS), to detect elbow torques, since touch and pressure sensors were masked. We studied 14 subjects while the arm was isometrically contracted (static condition) and was moving at a constant speed (dynamic condition). In total there were 10 joint conditions investigated, which varied the direction of the arm’s movement and the preload direction as well as torque direction. The JND torques under static conditions ranged from 0.097 Nm with no preload to 0.197 Nm with a preload of 1.28 Nm. The maximum dynamic JND torques were 0.799 Nm and 0.428 Nm, when the arm was flexing and extending at 213 degrees per second, respectively.