bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Key components of post-diagnostic support for people with dementia and their carers: A qualitative study
Authors: Bamford Claire , Wheatley Alison , Brunskill Greta , Booi Laura , Allan Louise , Banerjee Sube , Harrison Dening Karen , Manthorpe Jill , Robinson Louise ,   on behalf of the PriDem study team
Published: December 2021

BackgroundThere has been a shift in focus of international dementia policies from improving diagnostic rates to enhancing the post-diagnostic support provided to people with dementia and their carers. There is, however, little agreement over what constitutes good post-diagnostic support. This study aimed to identify the components of post-diagnostic dementia support.MethodsWe adopted a qualitative design using interviews, focus groups and observation to explore the perspectives of key stakeholders on the content of post-diagnostic dementia support. Purposive sampling was used to identify sites in England and Wales recognised as delivering good practice. Participants included 17 people with dementia, 31 carers, 68 service managers or funders, and 78 frontline staff. Interviews and focus groups were audio recorded and transcribed for analysis. Forty-eight sessions of observation were completed and recorded in fieldnotes. Components were identified through an inductive, thematic approach and cross-checked against national guidelines and existing frameworks; they were subsequently critically reviewed by a range of experts and our mixed stakeholder panel.ResultsTwenty distinct components of post-diagnostic support were identified, related to five themes: timely identification and management of needs; understanding and managing dementia; emotional and psychological wellbeing; practical support; and integrating support. The first and last of these were cross-cutting themes facilitating the delivery of a unique constellation of components of post-diagnostic support to each individual living with dementia or dyad at a particular time.ConclusionsOur work offers an empirically based framework to inform the development and delivery of holistic, integrated and continuous dementia care from diagnosis to end of life. It highlights the relevance of many components to both people living with dementia and their carers. Since the framework was developed in England and Wales, further research is needed to explore the relevance of our components to other sectors, countries and care systems.
Clinical and economic impact of an alert system in primary care for the detection of patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: García-Herola Antonio , Domínguez-Hernández Raquel , Casado Miguel Ángel 
Published: December 2021

IntroductionPrevalence of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is higher in patients born between 1955–1975. The aim was to perform an economic evaluation of an age-based electronic health record (EHR) alert in primary care to detect patients with undiagnosed CHC and its treatment in comparison with non-use of the alert system, in Valencian Community, Spain.Materials and methodsDecision trees and Markov model were used to evaluate the diagnosis and progression of the disease, respectively. CHC was diagnosed by serology and viral load in seropositive subjects. Epidemiological data and diagnostic costs were extracted from public sources of the Valencian Community. Probabilities, utilities and costs of model states were obtained from the literature. The impact on mortality and hepatic complications avoided by the implementation of the alert were estimated, and efficiency was measured as an incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR) based on quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and the costs of both alternatives.ResultsThe EHR alert detected 269,548 patients, of whom 1,331 had CHC (vs. 23 patients with non-alert). Over the patients’ lifetime, the alert would prevent 93% of decompensated cirrhosis cases, 87% of hepatocellular carcinomas, 90% of liver transplants, and 89% of liver related deaths compared to non-use of the alert system. In addition, it would obtain an additional 3.3 QALY per patient, with an incremental cost of €10,880 and an ICUR of €3,321.ConclusionsThe implementation of an age-based EHR alert in primary care to detect patients with CHC reduces hepatic complications and mortality and is an efficient strategy.
Sufficiency of the BOT-2 short form to screen motor competency in preschool children with strabismus
Authors: Yeh Kuo-Kuang , Liu Wen-Yu , Yang Meng-Ling , Liu Chun-Hsiu , Lien Hen-Yu , Chung Chia-Ying 
Published: December 2021

Background
Strabismus is one of the most common visual disorders in children, with a reported prevalence of 2.48% in preschoolers. Additionally, up to 89.9% of preschool children with strabismus do not have normal stereopsis. Whether this lack of normal stereopsis affects the motor competency of preschool children with strabismus is unknown. The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency Second Edition short form (BOT-2 SF) can be a useful tool for screening; however, its sufficiency as a diagnostic tool for children with various disorders is controversial.

Objective
The aims of this study were thus to examine motor competency in preschool children with strabismus by using the BOT-2 and to evaluate the usefulness of the BOT-2 SF to identify those at risk for motor competency issues.

Methods
Forty preschool children (aged 5–7 years) with strabismus were recruited, all of whom had abnormal stereopsis. The BOT-2 complete form (CF) was administered to all children. The BOT-2 CF was administered to all children. The scores of the BOT-2 SF were extracted from the relevant items of the BOT-2 CF for further analysis.

Results
The prevalence of children with strabismus who had below average performance in the composites of “Fine Manual Control”, “Manual Coordination”,”Body Coordination”, and “Strength and Agility” were 15%, 70%, 32.5%, and 5%, respectively, on the BOT-2 CF. Compared with these results, the sensitivity of the BOT-2 SF was 33.33% (95% CI = 7.49%–70.07%) and the specificity was 100% (95% CI = 88.78%–100%).

Conclusion
Preschool children with strabismus had a high prevalence of impaired motor competency, especially in fine motor competency. The BOT-2 SF was not as sensitive in identifying motor difficulties in preschool children with strabismus. Therefore, the BOT-2 CF is recommended for evaluating motor proficiency in preschool children with strabismus.
Course of lactate, pH and base excess for prediction of mortality in medical intensive care patients
Authors: Schork Anja , Moll Kathrin , Haap Michael , Riessen Reimer , Wagner Robert 
Published: December 2021

Introduction
As base excess had shown superiority over lactate as a prognostic parameter in intensive care unit (ICU) surgical patients we aimed to evaluate course of lactate, base excess and pH for prediction of mortality of medical ICU patients.

Materials and methods
For lactate, pH and base excess, values at the admission to ICU, at 24 ± 4 hours, maximum or minimum in the first 24 hours and in 24–48 hours after admission were collected from all patients admitted to the Medical ICU of the University Hospital Tübingen between January 2016 until December 2018 (N = 4067 at admission, N = 1715 with ICU treatment > 48 h) and investigated for prediction of in-hospital-mortality.

Results
Mortality was 22% and significantly correlated with all evaluated parameters. Strongest predictors of mortality determined by ROC were maximum lactate in 24 h (AUROC 0.74, cut off 2.7 mmol/L, hazard ratio of risk group with value > cut off 3.20) and minimum pH in 24 h (AUROC 0.71, cut off 7.31, hazard ratio for risk group 2.94). Kaplan Meier Curves stratified across these cut offs showed early and clear separation. Hazard ratios per standard deviation increase were highest for maximum lactate in 24 h (HR 1.65), minimum base excess in 24 h (HR 1.56) and minimum pH in 24 h (HR 0.75).

Conclusion
Lactate, pH and base excess were all suitable predictors of mortality in internal ICU patients, with maximum / minimum values in 24 and 24–48 h after admission altogether stronger predictors than values at admission. Base excess and pH were not superior to lactate for prediction of mortality.
Duas décadas de ensino religioso confessional no estado do Rio de Janeiro: Qual a “crença” em disputa na política para a rede pública estadual?
Authors: Souza Evelin Christine Fonseca de , Castro Marcela Moraes de 
Published: December 2021

Neste artigo analisamos a relação do antagonismo político marcado pela oferta do ensino religioso nas escolas públicas da rede estadual do Rio de Janeiro, na articulação entre os textos da política que instituem o caráter confessional da disciplina e sua tradução na escola como contexto da prática da ação da política democrática. O estudo, de caráter documental, ampara-se na perspectiva pós-estruturalista como proposta por Chantal Mouffe e investiga as ações dos sujeitos no campo legislativo, nas disputas pelas proposições favoráveis e contrárias à confessionalidade da disciplina. Para o diálogo com a escola, analisamos a oferta do ensino religioso na rede estadual fluminense através das respostas específicas sobre o tema ao Questionário do Diretor aplicado nas avaliações do Sistema de Avaliação da Educação Básica, edições de 2013, 2015 e 2017. As respostas ao Questionário evidenciam que, na prática, a oferta do referido componente curricular não é de presença obrigatória para estudantes, não é confessional e não há oferta de atividades alternativas para quem opta por não se matricular. Constatamos que, embora a implementação do ensino religioso confessional na rede estadual pareça fracamente efetivada, há outros movimentos de socialização política em curso, os quais, em âmbito do Estado, articulam valores morais inscritos em sua pauta de disciplinarização.
Fabrication of flexible conductive silk fibroin/polythiophene membrane and its properties
Authors: Ai Xin , Lu Shuqing , Xie Ailing , Zhang Haoran , Zhao Juntao , Wang Tianjiao , Chen Guoqiang , Lu Shenzhou , Xing Tieling 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Silk fibroin (SF) film is an insulating material, which can be combined with polythiophene derivatives with electrical conductivity to obtain a flexible conductive material. In this work, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) was used to graft a silk protein film. The hydroxyl radical is formed by activation and oxidation of the silk protein film polymerized with the PEDOT radical formed by oxidation of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene to obtain a conductive silk film. The SF/PEDOT film, when tested, showed excellent electrical conductivity with resistance up to 63 Ω·cm−2, good flexibility, mechanical properties, fastness, and biocompatibility.
Inhibiting wood-water interactions by hydrothermal hemicellulose extraction combined with furfurylation
Authors: Tiantian Yang , Ma Erni , Mei Changtong , Cao Jinzhen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Wood-water interactions affect durability and performance of wood products, such as dimensional stability and biodegradation. To upgrade wood, a combined modification via hemicellulose extraction and furfurylation was proposed to inhibit wood-water interactions. More intense hemicellulose extraction caused larger voids and led to higher pore volume. The increment of porosity resulted in more uniform distribution of polymerized furfural resin in cells, as indicated by scanning electron microscopic and confocal laser scanning microscopic observations. The combined modification greatly reduced surface wettability with an increase of water contact angle (CA) of over 134% at 100 s. With hemicellulose extraction, polymerized furfural resin partially occupied the accommodation initially for water molecules and reduced accessible sorption sites, causing water absorption (WA) of wood to decrease by over 30% after soaking in water for 768 h. Dynamic moisture sorption was weakened after combined modification, and the moderate hemicellulose extraction combined with furfurylation reduced the moisture content by over 50% due to incorporative changes of chemical sorption sites and physical porosity. The results confirmed the efficiency of the combined modification in inhibiting wood-water interactions and indicated the importance to accurately control hemicellulose content during modification. This study could provide useful information for sustainably enhancing wood performance and upgrading low-quality wood.
Quenching and Distortion*
Authors: Fechte-Heinen R. , Lübben Th. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper is based on a keynote lecture presented by Prof. Fechte-Heinen during the 2nd International Conference on Quenching and Distortion Engineering in April 2021. Firstly, it presents a short summary of the basics of distortion formation. The mechanisms and the potential for distortion with its carriers are discussed in more detail. Furthermore, the method of Distortion Engineering is explained. Finally, selected examples are presented that illustrate the connections between distortion and the quenching process.
A review of the mechanisms of anti-cancer activities of some medicinal plants–biochemical perspectives
Authors: Aba Patrick E. , Ihedioha John I. , Asuzu Isaac U. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Cancer is a disease resulting in unbridled growth of cells due to dysregulation in the balance of cell populations. Various management procedures in handling cases of cancer are not without their adverse side effects on the normal cells. Medicinal plants/herbs have been in use in the management of various ailments, including cancer, for a long time. Medicinal plants have been credited with wide safety margins, cost effectiveness, availability and diverse activities. This study reviewed various mechanisms of anti-cancer activities of some medicinal plants from a biochemical perspective. The mechanisms of anti-cancer activities of plant compounds addressed in this article include induction of apoptosis, anti-angiogenic effects, anti-metastasis, inhibition of cell cycle, inhibition of DNA destruction and effects on key enzymes, cytotoxic and anti-oxidant effects. The anti-cancer activities of some of the plants involve more than one mechanism.
Application research on neutron-gamma discrimination based on BC501A liquid scintillator
Authors: Luo J. , Hou S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Liquid organic scintillators are widely used in non-destructive analysis, which plays an important role in nuclear disarmament verification. This paper focused on studying the neutron-gamma discrimination technology in the fast neutron multiplicity measuring counter based on BC501A liquid scintillation detector. First, the charge comparison method, the zero-crossing time method and the rise time method were compared via the Geant4 and Matlab algorithm, and the result shows that charge comparison has the highest Figure of Merit. Then, a neutron-gamma discrimination system based on the six-probe fast neutron multiplicity counter was built and tested with a conclusion that the mean value of Figure of merit is 1.08, which verify the satisfactory neutron-gamma discriminating capability of the system. Finally, for the uranium samples, the mass are detected by fast neutron multiplicity counter, and the enrichment are measured by the characteristic gamma-ray signals using the system. The experimental results are in good agreement with the actual data.
Mechanoresponsive scatterers for high-contrast optical modulation
Authors: Cho Donghwi , Chen Haomin , Shin Jonghwa , Jeon Seokwoo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Smart chromatic materials with optical transmittances that can be modified by light scattering upon external stimuli are attracting extensive interest because of their appealing applications in smart windows, privacy protection, electronic displays, etc. However, the development of these scatterers, which are mostly activated by electric fields, is hindered by their intrinsic energy consumption, slow responses, and poor stability. Recently, mechanoresponsive scatterers based on a strain-driven reconfiguration of the surface or internal structure have emerged, featuring fast responses and a simple composition/fabrication. Because there is no energy consumption to maintain the transparency/opacity, this novel scheme for scatterers holds great promise to break the existing bottleneck. This article presents recent advances in the development of mechanoresponsive scatterers and compares different structural design strategies. The scatterers are categorized into 2D, 3D, and other types according to the dimensions of their functioning structures. The fabrication methods, mechanisms, and relationships between the structural parameters and optical modulating performances are discussed for each category. Next, the potential applications of these scatterers are outlined. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of the mainstream 2D and 3D categories are summarized, followed by a perspective on future research directions.
Optimization of EI961 steel spheroidization process for subsequent use in additive manufacturing: Effect of plasma treatment on the properties of EI961 powder
Authors: Ozerskoi Nikolai , Silin Alexey , Razumov Nikolay , Popovich Anatoly 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
For use in additive manufacturing (AM), powders that have a spherical shape, high fluidity, and packing density are required. One of the methods for producing spherical powders is spheroidization using inductively coupled plasma. In this work, the powder of steel grade EI961 was used. To obtain the powder for subsequent use in 3D printing, the selection of modes was carried out with the change in various parameters of the unit: different power, powder feed rate to the plasma as well as the height of feed rate. The optimal spheroidization mode is as follows: power of 15 kW, pressure of 1 atm, feed rate height of 0 mm, and powder feed rate of 28 g·min−1. The temperature distribution over the plasma torch cross section was calculated and the maximum plasma temperature was also determined. In addition, the effect of plasma treatment on the granulometric composition, phase composition, and chemical composition was studied.
One-factor-at-a-time method combined with ICP-MS for determining 11 elements in soy sauce and their migration from the containing glass bottles
Authors: Gao Xun , Chen Kexin , Zhang Yue , Chi Miaomiao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study was designed to determine the 11 metal elements (Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, As, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Sb, and Pb) in soy sauce and their migration from the containing glass bottles. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was applied for the determination of the elements and one-factor-at-a-time method was employed for optimizing the ICP-MS parameters in migration experiment and microwave digestion experiment. The developed method was successfully applied to determine the content of 11 elements. The results showed that the experiment had excellent correlation and sensitivity. The accuracy of the elements in the migration study and test of soy sauce itself ranging from 84.25% to 118.75% was satisfied, and the precision of the method was validated and the RSD was no more than 15.5%. The concentration of all the detected metal elements migrated from the glass bottles were between 0.3450 and 2.398 ng·mL−1, and the risk assessment indicated that the metal elements in soy sauce had no risk to the public health. The proposed methodology in this study was successfully applied for the quality control for metal elements in soy sauce and the containing glass bottles for the first time, and a research method suitable for soy sauce consumption process control and risk assessment has been established.
Bolus Versus Continuous Nasogastric Feeds for Infants With Bronchiolitis: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Courtney Alyssa , Bernard Anne , Burgess Scott , Davies Katie , Foster Kelly , Kapoor Vishal , Levitt David , Sly Peter D 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis are commenced on nasogastric feeding to maintain hydration. Feeding strategies vary according to physician or institution preference. The current study hypothesized that continuous nasogastric feeding would prolong length of stay (LOS) when compared to bolus feeding.

METHODS
A randomized, parallel-group, superiority clinical trial was performed within an Australian children’s hospital throughout 2 bronchiolitis seasons from May 2018 to October 2019. Infants &lt;12 months hospitalized with bronchiolitis and requiring supplemental nasogastric feeding were randomly assigned to continuous or bolus nasogastric regimens. LOS was the primary outcome. Secondary outcome measures included pulmonary aspirations and admissions to intensive care.

RESULTS
The intention-to-treat analysis included 189 patients: 98 in the bolus nasogastric feeding group and 91 in the continuous group. There was no significant difference in LOS (median LOS of the bolus group was 54.25 hours [interquartile range 40.25–82] and 56 hours [interquartile range 38–78.75] in the continuous group). A higher proportion of admissions to intensive care was detected in the continuous group (28.57% [26 of 91] of the continuous group vs 11.22% [11 of 98] of the bolus group [P value 0.004]). There were no clinically significant pulmonary aspirations or statistically significant differences in vital signs between the groups within 6 hours of feed initiation.

CONCLUSIONS
No significant difference in LOS was found between bolus and continuous nasogastric feeding strategies for infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis. The continuous feeding group had a higher proportion of intensive care admissions, and there were no aspiration events.
Predicted milk production per hectare based on yield and chemical composition of native and hybrid maize silage varieties on temperate and tropical regions
Authors: Robles Jiménez Lizbeth Esmeralda , González Ronquillo Manuel , Rosas Davila Melchor , Osorio Avalos Jorge , Palacios Riocerezo Carlos , Castelán Ortega Octavio Alonso , Chay-Canul Alfonso , Plata Reyes Dalia A. 
Published: December 2021

The objective of the present study was to characterize maize silage according to chemical composition, maize silage yield, as well as their predicted milk production. A search was made on studies related to maize silage yield, density, chemical composition (DM, CP, NDF, starch), and dry matter digestibility (DMD). In this study, 41 maize varieties from temperate regions and 101 maize varieties from tropical origin were analyzed. The net energy of lactation (NEL Mcal/kg DM), kilograms of milk per t of silage (kg of milk/t DM), and kilograms of milk per hectare of silage (kg of milk/ha) were determined. A cluster (CL) analysis was performed, and six CL of maize silage were obtained. The CL1 included digestibility for dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, NEL, and kg of milk/t DM. CL2 was characterized by maize silage with the highest number of plants per hectare and NDF. CL3 included the highest ash content. CL4 consisted of intermediate values for all variables. CL5 included the highest forage yield (t DM/ha) and kg of milk/ha whereas CL6 included the highest kg of milk/t. Overall, CL1 resulted in the highest DMD and NEL, producing more milk per t DM. Results suggested that the ideal option is maize silage with a higher forage yield and more than 35 % DM (CL5) since this produces more kg of milk per hectare.