bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Simple Synthetic Route to [Rh(acac)(CO)(NHC)] Complexes: Ligand Property Diagnostic Tools and Precatalysts
Authors: Guillet Sébastien G. , Pisanò Gianmarco , Chakrabortty Soumyadeep , Müller Bernd H. , de Vries Johannes G. , Kamer Paul C. J. , Cazin Catherine S. J. , Nolan Steven. P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn operationally simple, user and eco‐friendly synthetic protocol for the synthesis of [Rh(acac)(CO)(NHC)] complexes is described. Insights into the mechanism are provided using operando spectroscopy. The spectroscopic fingerprints of these complexes are correlated to NHCs reported electron‐donating descriptor values, highlighting a new strategy to evaluate carbenes’ electronic properties. An assessment of these complexes in catalytic applications is also reported, showing promising results in the catalytic hydrogenation of aromatic ketones.
Rhodocenium Functionalization Enabled by Half‐Sandwich Capping, Zincke Reaction, Diazoniation and Sandmeyer Chemistry
Authors: Wiedemair Markus , Kopacka Holger , Wurst Klaus , Müller Thomas , Eichele Klaus , Vanicek Stefan , Hohloch Stephan , Bildstein Benno 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn continuation of our exploration of metallocenium chemistry we report here on innovative ways toward monofunctionalized rhodocenium salts applying half‐sandwich capping reactions of cyclopentadienyl rhodium(III) halide synthons with cyclopentadienyl ylides containing pyridine, phosphine or dinitrogen leaving groups, followed by Zincke and Sandmeyer reactions. Thereby amino, diazonio, bromo, azido and iodo rhodocenium salts containing valuable functional groups are accessible for the first time. Target compounds were characterized by spectroscopic (1H/13C/103Rh‐NMR, IR, HR‐MS), structural (single crystal XRD) and electrochemical (CV) methods and their properties were compared to those of isoelectronic cobaltocenium compounds. These new functionalized rhodocenium complexes significantly expand the so far extremely limited chemical space of rhodocenium salts with promising options for the future development in the area of rhodocenium chemistry.
A review on combustion instabilities in energy generating devices utilizing oxyfuel combustion
Authors: Abubakar Zubairu , Mokheimer Esmail M. A. , Kamal M. Mustafa 
Published: July 2021

SummaryThis paper reviewed theoretical, numerical, and experimental studies on combustion instabilities in combustors for energy‐producing devices such as gas turbines, boilers, and furnaces utilizing oxyfuel combustion technology. Oxyfuel combustion as a CO2 capture technology gives encouraging and promising solutions for controlling greenhouse gases emission from combustion devices. However, the major concerns with oxyfuel systems are the combustion instabilities mainly arising from the CO2 dilution required for controlling excessive temperatures. Higher dilution levels or significantly nonuniform distribution of CO2 in the mixture can potentially lead to static and/or dynamic instabilities associated with local flame extinction and unsteady heat release rate, respectively. As in the case of lean premixed air/fuel flames, combustion instabilities are among the most critical operational challenges encountered in CO2‐diluted oxyfuel systems as well. Existing literature on flame instabilities has predominately focused on air‐fuel flames, with very few research studies dedicated to the same phenomena in oxyfuel combustion. With an ever‐increasing push toward carbon capture and reduction in NOx emissions, it has become important for the combustion community to accelerate research efforts in the direction of oxyfuel combustion systems. This review study on flame instabilities in oxyfuel combustors is one small step in that very direction. This paper starts with discussions on the theoretical mechanisms of combustion instabilities. Then a range of numerical and experimental studies, from premixed to non‐premixed flames, are presented and discussed. The main objective is to summarize recent progress in understanding instabilities in oxyfuel combustion systems, focusing primarily on the effect of CO2 dilution on flame stability. A range of experimental and numerical studies by various groups have strongly associated both static and dynamic instabilities in oxyfuel systems with diluent concentration, suggesting higher concentrations potentially result in a stratified mixture field which leads to higher heat release fluctuations and pressure oscillations. As such, many combustion systems use hydrogen enrichment to enhance static stability while employing flow and/or fuel modulation to dampen dynamic instabilities in oxyfuel combustors. Finally, we highlight and summarize some of the key issues and unsolved questions that still challenge researchers and, therefore, need to be the focus of future research work as regards to oxyfuel combustion.
Machine learning to advance the prediction, prevention and treatment of eating disorders
Authors: Wang Shirley B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMachine learning approaches are just emerging in eating disorders research. Promising early results suggest that such approaches may be a particularly promising and fruitful future direction. However, there are several challenges related to the nature of eating disorders in building robust, reliable and clinically meaningful prediction models. This article aims to provide a brief introduction to machine learning and to discuss several such challenges, including issues of sample size, measurement, imbalanced data and bias; I also provide concrete steps and recommendations for each of these issues. Finally, I outline key outstanding questions and directions for future research in building, testing and implementing machine learning models to advance our prediction, prevention, and treatment of eating disorders.
Effects of energy storage by the seaweeds on their ecosystem
Authors: Semerciöz Ayşe Selcen , Soyalp Kardelen , Ulu Gizem , Özilgen Mustafa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn marine environment, every species store energy for its own use and deliver it to its predator. Phytoplankton and seaweeds take place at the beginning of the food chain, grow in shallow waters with photosynthesis, and compete for the solar energy. Although the biomass of the phytoplankton amounts 1%‐2% of the total global plant carbon, they carry out more than 40% of the global photosynthesis. In the food chain, the largest amount of exergy is destroyed and the largest amount of entropy is generated while going from the first to the second species in the food chain, most probably because of the conversion of the plant cell into an animal cell. Results of this study indicated that the chemical nature of the stored material, for example, fat, protein, or carbohydrate, is not related with the location of the species in the food chain. Global production of macroalgae was approximately 3 million tons in 2012, and their consumption is projected to reach 13 million tons by 2050. If the energy available for the phytoplankton should be stored by the seaweeds grown in man‐made farms in irrational amounts, competition of the seaweeds with the phytoplankton may be a major blow to marine ecology.
A Bayesian time‐varying autoregressive model for improved short‐term and long‐term prediction
Authors: Berninger Christoph , Stöcker Almond , Rügamer David 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMotivated by the application to German interest rates, we propose a time‐varying autoregressive model for short‐term and long‐term prediction of time series that exhibit a temporary nonstationary behavior but are assumed to mean revert in the long run. We use a Bayesian formulation to incorporate prior assumptions on the mean reverting process in the model and thereby regularize predictions in the far future. We use MCMC‐based inference by deriving relevant full conditional distributions and employ a Metropolis‐Hastings within Gibbs sampler approach to sample from the posterior (predictive) distribution. In combining data‐driven short‐term predictions with long‐term distribution assumptions our model is competitive to the existing methods in the short horizon while yielding reasonable predictions in the long run. We apply our model to interest rate data and contrast the forecasting performance to that of a 2‐Additive‐Factor Gaussian model as well as to the predictions of a dynamic Nelson‐Siegel model.
Influence of composite flour constituents and extrusion temperature in the production of analog rice
Authors: Sumardiono Siswo , Budiyono  , Kusumayanti Heny , Prakoso Novian Indra Agung , Paundrianagari Fawzia Puti , Cahyono Heri 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study was conducted to determine the effect of composite flour (CF) constituents and different extrusion temperatures on the production of analog rice and community perceptions about the produced rice. CF was produced by mixing modified cassava flour (Mocaf) and snakehead fish flour (SF) in the following ratios: 100:0; 97:3; 94:6; 91:9; and 88:12. Analog rice was then extruded from CF at the following temperatures: 50, 70, and 90°C. The analog rice was tested for physical properties (bulk density and cooking time), chemical properties (nutrient content), and organoleptic properties. The results showed that CF and extrusion temperature affect the nutrient content of analog rice. The best analog rice formulation constituted of CF with Mocaf:SF ratio of 91:9 and extrusion temperature of 70°C, and contained 14.34% water, 0.85% ash, 71.83% carbohydrate, 11.24% protein, 1.12%, calcium 1,113 ppm, and 2.43% dietary fiber. This study included 42 respondents aged 20–23 years, including 20 males and 22 females. All the respondents showed acceptance for the analog rice, suggesting that it could substitute ordinary rice as a staple food.
White matter degeneration in remote brain areas of stroke patients with motor impairment due to basal ganglia lesions
Authors: Cao Xuejin , Wang Zan , Chen Xiaohui , Liu Yanli , Wang Wei , Abdoulaye Idriss Ali , Ju Shenghong , Yang Xi , Wang Yuancheng , Guo Yijing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDiffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies have revealed distinct white matter (WM) characteristics of the brain following diseases. Beyond the lesion‐symptom maps, stroke is characterized by extensive structural and functional alterations of brain areas remote to local lesions. Here, we further investigated the structural changes over a global level by using DTI data of 10 ischemic stroke patients showing motor impairment due to basal ganglia lesions and 11 healthy controls. DTI data were processed to obtain fractional anisotropy (FA) maps, and multivariate pattern analysis was used to explore brain regions that play an important role in classification based on FA maps. The WM structural network was constructed by the deterministic fiber‐tracking approach. In comparison with the controls, the stroke patients showed FA reductions in the perilesional basal ganglia, brainstem, and bilateral frontal lobes. Using network‐based statistics, we found a significant reduction in the WM subnetwork in stroke patients. We identified the patterns of WM degeneration affecting brain areas remote to the lesions, revealing the abnormal organization of the structural network in stroke patients, which may be helpful in understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying hemiplegia.
'We did everything we could': An account of toxic leadership
Authors: Paton Calum 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe UK government's reckless and incompetent response to Covid‐19 has produced an outcome which is amongst the worst in the world, and arguably the worst in terms of deaths per 100,000 population of major countries (especially when one measures mortality from Covid in terms of cause of death on the death certificate, rather than the UK government's own measure—death of a tested individual within 28 days of testing). This article updates my initial analysis in this journal over a year ago, and traces the negligent and shambolic policy‐making, and supine official scientific advice, which has led to such a dismal outcome.MethodsIt does so by examining the policies and approach of the UK government from the begining of the pandemic (in UK terms, January 2020) up to June 2021. All relevant declarations, speeches, decisions, public interviews and policies were noted on a daily basis, examined and critically assessed—along with daily data and information over the whole period on Covid's threat to, and spread across, the UK.ConclusionsOn three successive occasions, Boris Johnson and his compliant Ministers acted too late and too weakly to prevent avoidable death and illness. At the time of writing the vaccination programme in the UK has been destabilised by the government—yet again—having failed to secure its borders, this time against the Delta variant (Indian mutation) of the virus. Overall, in terms of border control, quarantine, testing, tracing, isolation and timely and enforced lockdown, the government put short‐term, superficial considerations above coherent strategy. It dressed up its incompetence as a superficial libertarianism and defence of the economy, but thereby managed to achieve the worst of all worlds in terms of three egregious failures—appalling health outcomes; (ironically) worse economic damage than countries which took draconian action; and (also ironically) continually recurring restrictions as a result of earlier failure to take strong action to suppress Covid and keep it at bay. Public reaction in England (unlike in Scotland and Wales) to the Johnson government's shenanigans has not been commensurate with that government's level of failure, which sadly reflects a debasement of the political culture in England.
Neurulation in the posterior region of zebrafish,Danio rerioembryos
Authors: Gladysheva Julia , Evnukova Evdokia , Kondakova Ekaterina , Kulakova Milana , Efremov Vladimir 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe neural tube of amniotes is formed through different mechanisms that take place in the anterior and posterior regions and involve neural plate folding or mesenchymal condensation followed by its cavitation. Meanwhile, in teleost trunk region, the neural plate forms the neural keel, while the lumen develops later. However, the data on neurulation and other morphogenetic processes in the posterior body region in Teleostei remain fragmentary. We proposed that there could be variations in the morphogenetic processes, such as cell shape changes and cell rearrangements, in the posterior region compared to the anterior one at the different stages. Here, we performed morphological and histochemical analyses of morphogenetic processes with an emphasis on neurulation in the zebrafish tail bud (TB) and posterior region. To analyze the posterior expression ofsox2andtbxtawe performed whole mount in situ hybridization. We showed that the TB cells of variable shapes and orientation are tightly packed, and the neural and notochord primordia develop first. The shape of the neural primordium undergoes numerous changes as a result of cell rearrangements leading to the development of the neural rod. At the prim‐6 stage, the cells of the neural primordium directly form the neural rod. The neuroepithelial cells undergo sequential shape changes. At the stage of the neural rod formation, the apical regions of triangular neuroepithelial cells of the floor plate are enriched in F‐actin. The neurocoel development onset is above the apical poles of neuroepithelial cells. The expression domains ofsox2andtbxtabecome more restricted during the development.
Comparative structural and techno‐functional elucidation of full‐fat and defatted flaxseed extracts: implication of atmospheric pressure plasma jet
Authors: Nie Chengzhen , Qin Xiaopeng , Duan Ziqiang , Huang Shasha , Yu Xiao , Deng Qianchun , Xiang Qisen , Geng Fang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe relatively inferior techno‐functionality of flaxseed protein/polysaccharide complexes, especially regarding emulsifying and antioxidant activities, has partially limited their implication in the health food system. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of an atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) on the physicochemical, structural and selected techno‐functional properties of flaxseed extracts.RESULTSThe results obtained showed that the full‐fat and defatted flaxseed extract solutions (5 mg mL–1) displayed a sustainable decline in pH (−54.06%, −48.80%, P < 0.05) and zeta potential values (−29.42%, −44.28%, P < 0.05), but a gradual increase in particle sizes, as visualised by an optical microscope, during 0–120 s of APPJ treatment. Moreover, the APPJ led to initial decrease but subsequent increase in protein carbonyls and secondary lipid oxidation products, and concurrently changed the spatial conformation and microstructure of flaxseed extracts, as indicated by endogenous fluorescence properties and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additionally, the protein subunit remodeling and gum polysaccharides depolymerization were different for full‐fat and defatted flaxseed extracts after 30 s of APPJ exposure. Importantly, the emulsifying and antioxidant activities of defatted flaxseed extract were particularly improved, as assessed by cyro‐SEM and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity following 15–30 s of APPJ treatment, as a result of the changing interactions between protein and gum polysaccharides, as well as the release of specific phenolic compounds.CONCLUSIONAPPJ could serve as a promising strategy for tailoring the specific techno‐functionality of flaxseed extracts based on mild structural modification. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Optimal management of patients with operable pancreatic head cancer: A Markov decision analysis
Authors: Rieser Caroline J. , Narayanan Sowmya , Bahary Nathan , Bartlett David L. , Lee Kenneth K. , Paniccia Alessandro , Smith Kenneth , Zureikat Amer H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionNeoadjuvant therapy (NAT) is an emerging strategy for operable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). While NAT increases multimodal therapy completion, it risks functional decline and treatment dropout. We used decision analysis to determine optimal management of localized PDAC and consider risks faced by elderly patients.MethodsA Markov cohort decision analysis model evaluated treatment options for a 60‐year‐old patient with resectable PDAC: (1) upfront pancreaticoduodenectomy or (2) NAT. One‐way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed. A subanalysis considered the scenario of a 75‐year‐old patient.ResultsFor the base case, NAT offered an incremental survival gain of 4.6 months compared with SF (overall survival: 26.3 vs. 21.7 months). In one‐way sensitivity analyses, findings were sensitive to recurrence‐free survival for NAT patients undergoing adjuvant, probability of completing NAT, and probability of being resectable at exploration after NAT. On probabilistic analysis, NAT was favored in a majority of trials (97%) with a median survival benefit of 5.1 months. In altering the base case for the 75‐year‐old scenario, NAT had a survival benefit of 3.8 months.ConclusionsThis analysis demonstrates a significant benefit to NAT in patients with localized PDAC. This benefit persists even in the elderly cohort.
Role of High‐Risk HPV Detected by PCR in Malignant Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: McCormick Justin P. , Suh Jeffrey D. , Lee Jivianne T. , Wells Christine , Wang Marilene B. 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionPrior studies suggest that there may be a link between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and malignant sinonasal inverted papilloma (SNIP). This systematic review and meta‐analysis was performed to further evaluate this potential association.Study designSystematic review with meta‐analysis.MethodsThe Medline and Embase databases were used to identify case–control studies reporting the risk of malignant SNIP in patients with high‐risk HPV subtypes identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Meta‐analysis was performed to determine pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsTwenty‐one studies were identified, including a total of 841 subjects with SNIP. Seventeen studies were included in the final analysis, as four studies did not have any HPV‐positive tumors in either group. A total of 56 malignant SNIP and 551 benign SNIP were ultimately identified. The pooled log‐OR was 1.80 (95% CI: 1.03–2.57) for all high‐risk HPV subtypes. Stratification by high‐risk HPV subtype showed a log‐OR of 1.67 (95% CI: 0.88–2.46) for HPV‐16 and log‐OR of 2.68 (95% CI: 1.30–4.05) for HPV‐18.ConclusionInfection with high‐risk HPV subtypes may be associated with an increased risk of malignant SNIP. HPV‐18 showed the greatest overall average effect size of the common high‐risk subtypes.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 132:926–932, 2022
Cochlear Implantation in Pediatric Patients With Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct: A Systematic Review
Authors: Benchetrit Liliya , Jabbour Nicolette , Appachi Swathi , Liu Yi‐Chun , Cohen Michael S. , Anne Samantha 
Published: July 2021

Objective(s)To describe cochlear implantation (CI) outcomes, with speech perception, auditory, language, and parent‐reported auditory and speech behaviors, in children with an enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) and incomplete partition type 2 (IP‐II) and compare to control children without inner ear malformations (IEMs) and to determine cerebrospinal fluid gusher rates and effect on outcomes.Study DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodsMEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, and CINAHL databases were searched from inception to February 2020. Studies reporting relevant outcomes in children with EVA or EVA + IP‐II and controls without IEMs undergoing CI were included. Mean differences in speech perception, auditory, and language scores between cases and controls were meta‐analyzed. Gusher rates were determined by proportion meta‐analyses.ResultsOf 214 identified articles, 42 met inclusion criteria, evaluating 775 cases and 2,191 controls. Of –cases, 578 (74.6%) had EVA and 197 (25.4%) had EVA + IP‐II. Cases showed a significant improvement in speech perception, auditory and language performance, comparable to controls. Parent‐reported auditory and speech production behaviors outcomes were positive among cases and comparable to controls. Pooled gusher proportions in EVA and EVA + IP‐II cases were 27.7% (95% CI: 17.6–39.1) and 48.6% (95% CI: 28.6–69.0), respectively, with a proportion difference of 20.9% (95% CI: 11.0–30.1). Gusher occurrence did not impact speech perception or language outcomes.ConclusionOutcomes in children with EVA or EVA + IP‐II undergoing CI are favorable and largely comparable to outcomes in children with hearing loss undergoing CI without IEMs. Intraoperative gusher is more prevalent among children with EVA + IP‐II as compared to iEVA. Gusher does not influence speech perception and language development outcomes.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 132:1459–1472, 2022