bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of parallel evaporator distribution models in ice cream rolling machines
Authors: Wardika W , Fauzun F , Sunanto S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This research was conducted to determine the effect of performance on the use of the parallel distribution evaporator on the ice cream roll machine. This research was made using 3 variations of parallel distribution evaporator model, in which the model has a different shape. Model 1 has 3 inputs and 3 outputs, Model 2 has 2 inputs and 2 outputs and Model 3 has 1 input and 1 output. The evaporator is made with a size of 45 cm × 40 cm × 4 cm from stainless steel thickness 0.3 mm so that most of the products produce crystallization then it needs to be set points at a temperature of -18°C. the effect of the superheat process, where the smaller the superheat that occurs, the temperature in the evaporator can be more stable. Based on the results of the testing that has been done, the COP system’s work performance is 4.3, 3.6, and 3.4 for each evaporator model. Efficiencies generated respectively for the evaporator model of 86%, 78%, and 76%.
Co-firing characteristics of wood pellets on pulverized coal power plant
Authors: Cahyo N , Alif H H , Aditya I A , Saksono H D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Co-firing testing of the wood pellets was carried out in Pulverized Coal Boiler type tangential firing with a capacity of 315 MWe to determine the effects on the performance, emission, and characteristics of the operational boiler parameters such as mill outlet temperature (MOT) and furnace exit gas temperature (FEGT). Fuel was mixed on stockpile with a fuel composition of 5 % wood pellets and 95 % coal. Fuel was initially filled in four bunkers for each mill operated. The co-firing testing was carried in six hours and the data was collected for four hours after the stabilization period. To observe the further impact on the performance, emission and characteristics of operational boiler parameters, two different fuel (100 % coal fuel and 5 % wood pellet – 95 % coal fuel) were set up through the boiler. The result shows that co-firing by 5 % of wood pellets contributed to the decreasing FEGT by 15 °C from 1,192 °C to 1,177 °C equal to 1.27 % lower than the existing condition. The mill outlet temperature is relatively the same for two types of fuel with mill current slightly increasing by 0.70 Ampere. Emissions of SOx increased by range from 8.22 % to 20.51 %. NOx content in flue gas on the air heater inlet side is almost the same of 310 mg/Nm3 and only an increase of 3.62 % on the air heater outlet side. This test also affected specific fuel consumption which has increased by 4.40 % from 0.556 kg/kWh to 0.580 kg/kWh.
The identification of fire potentials in oil mining area on Minas Sumatera Operations-Indonesia by manual assessment method
Authors: Sutrisno H H , Wibawa B , Triyono T , Amiruddin J , Kusumohadi C S , Setyadi P , Yoga N G 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The petroleum industry both mining and crude oil processing has a high level of fire risk. This can be caused by the hydrocarbons from the content of mining products, crude oil content to the fuel which is contained in the area around processing. Where, if there is a fire in the surround area can cause a terrible explosion in the oil tank or pool fire. To identify the potential fires, a manual assessment method can be carried out by: making clusters and grouping of production activities, risk matrix table of industrial activities, field observations, identification of hazard materials, analyzes and actions in accordance with the standard operating procedures applied in the company. From the results of observations on the oil and gas industry in Sumatra – Operation Indonesia, generally the identification of potential fires is good, there are several factors that must be taken so the zero accidents in the oil industry can be fully satisfied.
The effect of pouring temperature on the tensile strength and micro structure of Al alloys by centrifugal casting
Authors: Irfa’i M A , Ganda A N F 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
There are many ways to overcome the leaking pipes in pipe joining; one of them is by using centrifugal casting as method for its production. The goal of this study is to know the effect of pouring temperature on the tensile strength and microstructure of centrifugal casted pipe product. We tried to produce the pipe at temperature of 680°C, 700°C and 720°C, with the constant rotation speed of the centrifugal casting machine (1500 rpm). The tensile test was done based on standard of ASTM E8. The results show that the highest tensile strength is obtained from the product that was manufactured at 680°C (136.3 MPa) and the lowest is at 720°C (115.3 MPa). These data are supported with the result of microstructure test which revealed that the amount of Al dendrite structure is more homogenous and uniform when the pouring temperature is closed to melting point.
Conceptual design of Wau Bulan UAV
Authors: Kusumohadi C S , Basri S , Rafie A S M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper presents conceptual design of an UAV that using “Wau Bulan” shape as its planform. Wau Bulan is a one type of Malaysia’s kite. Wau bulan kite has wing and tail part. Wau Bulan wing is a lens shape wing with aspect ratio 3.48. Tail part shape likes crescent moon. Tail part area is 46.23% of wing area. Wau Bulan UAV was designed to perform surveillance mission. Initial weight sizing and performance sizing was done to assure the reasonable value of aerodynamics and propulsion parameter. Joined wing and blended wing body technology concepts were used to aim the requirement parameters that defined during initial sizing process. The aerodynamics characteristic was analyzed using experimental method. Experimental results show that wau bulan planform aerodynamics characteristics fulfill designed parameter that chosen during initial sizing.
Microwave assisted polyol process for time-saving synthesis of superparamagnetic nanoparticles and application in artificial mimic enzyme
Authors: Xiao Wangchuan , Su Zhizhong , Zhao Yan , Wang Chuanyuan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A microwave assisted polyol process accomplished within 10 min was developed for synthesis of superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (MNPs) with well controlled size between 2 and 6 nm. Effects of reaction time and temperature on the size of the MNPs were investigated through transmission electronic microscope, x-ray diffraction pattern, thermogravimetic and magnetic analysis. The results indicates that longer reaction time or higher temperature lead to formation of MNPs with larger size. As a proof-of-concept, the MNPs were utilized as peroxidase and their activity was also investigated. Oxidation of typical substrate, 3, 3’, 5, 5’ -tetramethylbenzidine, can be proceeded by using the MNPs as artificial mimic enzyme. The MNPs display the maximal catalyzed activity under the optimum condition as pH = 3.5, 40 °C and concentration of TMB and H2O2 with 120 and 110 mmol·l−1, respectively. This work provides a new way for fast synthesis of MNPs, which are of potential application in artificial mimic enzyme.
Invited Commentary: The Society for Epidemiologic Research’s Commitment to Diversity and Equity—Pathways to Filling the Glass
Authors: Ahern Jennifer , Kaufman Jay S , Werler Martha M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the article by Nobles et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2021;190(9):1710–1720), characteristics of those epidemiologists selected for various chair and presentation roles at the annual meetings of the Society for Epidemiologic Research (SER) from 2015 through 2017 were examined. Characteristics that were compared included inferred gender, institutional affiliation, subject area, and h-index. Important disparities were observed between session chairs, speakers, and poster presenters. SER leadership considers diversity and equity to be priorities and is committed to positive change. New programs and processes have been used to broaden participation and improve diversity since 2018, but the SER must continue its efforts to change processes and monitor of the experiences of SER members. A diversity of perspectives within the SER membership and at its meetings will improve all aspects of our practice of epidemiology.
Bayesian adaptive design for concurrent trials involving biologically related diseases
Authors: Psioda Matthew A , Xia H Amy , Jiang Xun , Xu Jiawei , Ibrahim Joseph G 
Published: March 2021

SummaryWe develop a Bayesian design method for a clinical program where an investigational product is to be studied concurrently in a set of clinical trials involving related diseases with the goal of demonstrating superiority to a control in each. The approach borrows information on treatment effectiveness using correlated mixture priors using an analysis procedure that is closely related Bayesian model averaging. Mixture priors are constructed by eliciting conjugate priors based on pessimistic and enthusiastic predictions for the data to be observed for each disease and then by eliciting mixture weights for all possible configurations of the pessimistic and enthusiastic priors across the diseases to be studied. The proposed approach provides a robust framework for information borrowing in settings where the diseases may have endpoints based on different data types. We show via simulation that operating characteristics based on the proposed design framework are favorable compared to those based on information borrowing designs using the Bayesian hierarchical model which is poorly suited for information borrowing when there are different data types underpinning the endpoints across which information is to be borrowed.
Locus coeruleus integrity and the effect of atomoxetine on response inhibition in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: O’Callaghan Claire , Hezemans Frank H , Ye Rong , Rua Catarina , Jones P Simon , Murley Alexander G , Holland Negin , Regenthal Ralf , Tsvetanov Kamen A , Wolpe Noham , Barker Roger A , Williams-Gray Caroline H , Robbins Trevor W , Passamonti Luca , Rowe James B 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCognitive decline is a common feature of Parkinson’s disease, and many of these cognitive deficits fail to respond to dopaminergic therapy. Therefore, targeting other neuromodulatory systems represents an important therapeutic strategy. Among these, the locus coeruleus-noradrenaline system has been extensively implicated in response inhibition deficits. Restoring noradrenaline levels using the noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor atomoxetine can improve response inhibition in some patients with Parkinson’s disease, but there is considerable heterogeneity in treatment response. Accurately predicting the patients who would benefit from therapies targeting this neurotransmitter system remains a critical goal, in order to design the necessary clinical trials with stratified patient selection to establish the therapeutic potential of atomoxetine. Here, we test the hypothesis that integrity of the noradrenergic locus coeruleus explains the variation in improvement of response inhibition following atomoxetine. In a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized crossover design, 19 patients with Parkinson’s disease completed an acute psychopharmacological challenge with 40 mg of oral atomoxetine or placebo. A stop-signal task was used to measure response inhibition, with stop-signal reaction times obtained through hierarchical Bayesian estimation of an ex-Gaussian race model. Twenty-six control subjects completed the same task without undergoing the drug manipulation. In a separate session, patients and controls underwent ultra-high field 7 T imaging of the locus coeruleus using a neuromelanin-sensitive magnetization transfer sequence. The principal result was that atomoxetine improved stop-signal reaction times in those patients with lower locus coeruleus integrity. This was in the context of a general impairment in response inhibition, as patients on placebo had longer stop-signal reaction times compared to controls. We also found that the caudal portion of the locus coeruleus showed the largest neuromelanin signal decrease in the patients compared to controls. Our results highlight a link between the integrity of the noradrenergic locus coeruleus and response inhibition in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Furthermore, they demonstrate the importance of baseline noradrenergic state in determining the response to atomoxetine. We suggest that locus coeruleus neuromelanin imaging offers a marker of noradrenergic capacity that could be used to stratify patients in trials of noradrenergic therapy and to ultimately inform personalized treatment approaches.
Early diagnosis of brain tumours using a novel spectroscopic liquid biopsy
Authors: Brennan Paul M , Butler Holly J , Christie Loren , Hegarty Mark G , Jenkinson Michael D , Keerie Catriona , Norrie John , O’Brien Rachel , Palmer David S , Smith Benjamin R , Baker Matthew J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Early diagnosis of brain tumours is challenging and a major unmet need. Patients with brain tumours most often present with non-specific symptoms more commonly associated with less serious diagnoses, making it difficult to determine which patients to prioritize for brain imaging. Delays in diagnosis affect timely access to treatment, with potential impacts on quality of life and survival. A test to help identify which patients with non-specific symptoms are most likely to have a brain tumour at an earlier stage would dramatically impact on patients by prioritizing demand on diagnostic imaging facilities. This clinical feasibility study of brain tumour early diagnosis was aimed at determining the accuracy of our novel spectroscopic liquid biopsy test for the triage of patients with non-specific symptoms that might be indicative of a brain tumour, for brain imaging. Patients with a suspected brain tumour based on assessment of their symptoms in primary care can be referred for open access CT scanning. Blood samples were prospectively obtained from 385 of such patients, or patients with a new brain tumour diagnosis. Samples were analysed using our spectroscopic liquid biopsy test to predict presence of disease, blinded to the brain imaging findings. The results were compared to the patient’s index brain imaging delivered as per standard care. Our test predicted the presence of glioblastoma, the most common and aggressive brain tumour, with 91% sensitivity, and all brain tumours with 81% sensitivity, and 80% specificity. Negative predictive value was 95% and positive predictive value 45%. The reported levels of diagnostic accuracy presented here have the potential to improve current symptom-based referral guidelines, and streamline assessment and diagnosis of symptomatic patients with a suspected brain tumour.
Structural Plastic Changes of Cortical Gray Matter Revealed by Voxel-Based Morphometry and Histological Analyses in a Monkey Model of Central Post-Stroke Pain
Authors: Nagasaka Kazuaki , Nemoto Kiyotaka , Takashima Ichiro , Bando Daigo , Matsuda Keiji , Higo Noriyuki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCentral post-stroke pain (CPSP) is a chronic pain caused by stroke lesions of somatosensory pathways. Several brain imaging studies among patients with CPSP demonstrate that the pathophysiological mechanism underlying this condition is the maladaptive plasticity of pain-related brain regions. However, the temporal profile of the regional plastic changes, as suggested by brain imaging of CPSP patients, as well as their cellular basis, is unknown. To investigate these issues, we performed voxel-based morphometry (VBM) using T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and immunohistochemical analysis with our established CPSP monkey model. From 8 weeks after a hemorrhagic lesion to the unilateral ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus, the monkeys exhibited significant behavioral changes that were interpreted as reflecting allodynia. The present VBM results revealed a decrease in gray matter volume in the pain-related areas after several weeks following the lesion. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining in the ipsilesional posterior insular cortex (ipsi-PIC) and secondary somatosensory cortex (ipsi-SII), where the significant reduction in gray matter volume was observed in the VBM result, displayed a significant reduction in both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic terminals compared to intact monkeys. Our results suggest that progressive changes in neuronal morphology, including synaptic loss in the ipsi-PIC/SII, are involved in theCPSP.
Prevalence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Among Healthcare Workers—Zambia, July 2020
Authors: Fwoloshi Sombo , Hines Jonas Z , Barradas Danielle T , Yingst Samuel , Siwingwa Mpanji , Chirwa Lameck , Zulu James E , Banda Dabwitso , Wolkon Adam , Nikoi Kotey I , Chirwa Bob , Kampamba Davies , Shibemba Aaron , Sivile Suilanji , Zyambo Khozya D , Chanda Duncan , Mupeta Francis , Kapina Muzala , Sinyange Nyambe , Kapata Nathan , Zulu Paul M , Makupe Alex , Mweemba Aggrey , Mbewe Nyuma , Ziko Luunga , Mukonka Victor , Mulenga Lloyd B , Malama Kennedy , Agolory Simon 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Healthcare workers (HCWs) in Zambia have become infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, SARS-CoV-2 prevalence among HCWs is not known in Zambia.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional SARS-CoV-2 prevalence survey among Zambian HCWs in 20 health facilities in 6 districts in July 2020. Participants were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for health facility clustering, were calculated for each test separately, and a combined measure for those who had PCR and ELISA was performed.

Results
In total, 660 HCWs participated in the study, with 450 (68.2%) providing a nasopharyngeal swab for PCR and 575 (87.1%) providing a blood specimen for ELISA. Sixty-six percent of participants were females, and median age was 31.5 years (interquartile range, 26.2–39.8). The overall prevalence of the combined measure was 9.3% (95% CI, 3.8%–14.7%). PCR-positive prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 was 6.6% (95% CI, 2.0%–11.1%), and ELISA-positive prevalence was 2.2% (95% CI, .5%–3.9%).

Conclusions
SARS-CoV-2 prevalence among HCWs was similar to a population-based estimate (10.6%) during a period of community transmission in Zambia. Public health measures such as establishing COVID-19 treatment centers before the first cases, screening for COVID-19 symptoms among patients who access health facilities, infection prevention and control trainings, and targeted distribution of personal protective equipment based on exposure risk might have prevented increased SARS-CoV-2 transmission among Zambian HCWs.
Concurrent diabetes and heart failure: interplay and novel therapeutic approaches
Authors: Karwi Qutuba G , Ho Kim L , Pherwani Simran , Ketema Ezra B , Sun Qiuyu , Lopaschuk Gary D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of developing heart failure, and the co-existence of both diseases worsens cardiovascular outcomes, hospitalization, and the progression of heart failure. Despite current advancements on therapeutic strategies to manage hyperglycaemia, the likelihood of developing diabetes-induced heart failure is still significant, especially with the accelerating global prevalence of diabetes and an ageing population. This raises the likelihood of other contributing mechanisms beyond hyperglycaemia in predisposing diabetic patients to cardiovascular disease risk. There has been considerable interest in understanding the alterations in cardiac structure and function in diabetic patients, collectively termed as ‘diabetic cardiomyopathy’. However, the factors that contribute to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathies are not fully understood. This review summarizes the main characteristics of diabetic cardiomyopathies, and the basic mechanisms that contribute to its occurrence. This includes perturbations in insulin resistance, fuel preference, reactive oxygen species generation, inflammation, cell death pathways, neurohormonal mechanisms, advanced glycated end-products accumulation, lipotoxicity, glucotoxicity, and post-translational modifications in the heart of the diabetic. This review also discusses the impact of antihyperglycaemic therapies on the development of heart failure, as well as how current heart failure therapies influence glycaemic control in diabetic patients. We also highlight the current knowledge gaps in understanding how diabetes induces heart failure.
Cardioprotective shock management: monitoring and supportive therapies
Authors: Schibilsky David , Delmas Clement , Bonello Laurent , Hunziker Patrick 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCardiogenic shock is a highly lethal syndrome, leading to rapid death or secondary multiorgan damage, but current shock therapies, including mechanical support devices, also have a significant side effect profile. The overarching goal of shock therapy is ensuring long-term survival with good quality of life. This implies averting death, modifying the disease course by promoting heart recovery and avoiding additional cardiac damage, protecting other organs, and circumventing complications. Monitoring and supportive therapies are subordinate to these goals. Rather than merely following preconceived notions, the rapid evolution in mechanical support technology requires iterative and critical review of the benefits of current procedures, protocols and drugs in view of their overall contribution to the therapeutic goals. This article discusses various monitoring and supportive pharmaceutical modalities typically used in patients with cardiogenic shock requiring mechanical support.
Managing vascular access and closure for percutaneous mechanical circulatory support
Authors: Karatolios Konstantinos , Hunziker Patrick , Schibilsky David 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Even with current generation mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices, vascular complications are still considerable risks in MCS that influence patients’ recovery and survival. Hence, efforts are made to reduce vascular trauma and obtaining safe and adequate arterial access using state-of-the-art techniques is one of the most critical aspects for optimizing the outcomes and efficiency of percutaneous MCS. Femoral arterial access remains necessary for numerous large-bore access procedures and is most commonly used for MCS, whereas percutaneous axillary artery access is typically considered an alternative for the delivery of MCS, especially in patients with severe peripheral artery disease. This article will address the access, maintenance, closure and complication management of large-bore femoral access and concisely describe alternative access routes.