bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modern Fat Grafting Techniques to the Face and Neck
Authors: Azoury Saïd C. , Shakir Sameer , Bucky Louis P. , Percec Ivona 
Published: October 2021

Learning Objectives:
After studying this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Understand age-related changes to the face and neck and pertinent anatomy and discuss important aspects of fat graft harvesting, processing, and infiltration. 2. Recognize key differences between common techniques for fat processing and infiltration and develop a plan for patients based on site-specific facial anatomical zones. 3. Appreciate the utility of fat grafting as an adjunct to other facial rejuvenating procedures such as face lift and blepharoplasty procedures and list the potential complications from fat grafting to the face and neck.

Summary:
Fat grafting to the face and neck aids in volume restoration, thereby addressing soft-tissue atrophy associated with the aging face, acquired conditions, or congenital malformations. Often, fat grafting may sufficiently restore facial volume alone or in conjunction with other facial rejuvenation procedures. Facial/neck fat grafting requires a systematic and thoughtful approach, with special care to atraumatic technique. This CME article covers the principles and techniques for modern facial fat grafting to the face and neck. Increasing data support the ability of autologous fat to produce significant and sustainable appearance-related changes. The authors follow the general principles of the Coleman technique for facial fat grafting and have observed tremendous success over the years. Other techniques for facial fat grafting are also discussed including microfat and nanofat processing. As the understanding of facial fat compartments continues to evolve, the authors may better predict fat grafting outcomes following augmentation. Finally, the technique described as “lipotumescence” has been successfully used in the breast and other regions of the body that have radiation damage and is discussed in this article specifically for the face and neck.
Improving compliance of risk assessment and nonpharmacological interventions for deep venous thrombosis prevention in a respiratory ICU: a best practice implementation project
Authors: Wu Jinyan , Zhu Shunfang , Munn Zachary , Zhou Chunlan 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
To increase the compliance with deep venous thrombosis (DVT) nonpharmacologic prophylaxis best practice recommendations while ensuring appropriate and structured nonpharmacologic prophylaxis for patients in the respiratory ICU.

Background:
DVT is a major problem for patients, with those who are critically ill representing a high-risk population for developing the condition. Nonpharmacologic prophylaxis is considered an effective intervention. However, the application of such interventions in practice has not been optimal to date.

Methods:
The current project was conducted in a respiratory ICU of a tertiary hospital. Audit criteria were developed on the basis of an evidence summary developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute, whereby the institute's Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System program to facilitate an audit and feedback cycle was utilized as an implementation framework. Baseline and follow-up audits on nonpharmacological DVT prophylaxis were conducted for 35 patients against five evidence-based recommendations. In addition, the nurses’ knowledge and attitude regarding DVT prophylaxis were investigated both prior to and postimplementation.

Results:
In the baseline audit, compliance with the five evidence-based audit criteria was less than 15%. After the implementation of strategies including education, person-centered care, financial and human-resource support, there was a significant improvement in all the audit criteria. In addition, improvements in the nurses’ knowledge and attitude regarding DVT prophylaxis were reported. The rate of discharged patients due to a deterioration of their condition decreased from 31.4 to 5.7% in the follow-up cycle. One DVT patient occurred in the baseline data, whereas no new incidences of DVT were found in the follow-up data.

Conclusion:
The project not only improved nurses’ knowledge and attitude regarding DVT prevention, but also remarkably improved the implementation of nonpharmacological DVT prophylaxis. The application of evidence-based nonpharmacological DVT prophylaxis may improve patients’ outcomes in the ICU.
Central venous catheter insertion in adult patients: a best practice implementation project
Authors: Ferreira Juliana D.N. , dos Santos Kelli B. , Siqueira Eduardo C. , Gomes Edimar P. , Martini Larissa , Fraga João B.P. , Lima Maria Augusta M. , Poveda Vanessa B. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction and aims:
The central venous catheter (CVC) is an indispensable device in the daily practice of modern medicine. Thus, the implementation of CVC interferes with the care of a large number of patients. This project aimed to implement the best practices in the insertion of CVC in adult hospitals in Brazil.

Methods:
The project had three phases, including forming a team and conducting the baseline audit; identifying problems and developing strategies; and conducting a follow-up audit to assess the impact on compliance with best practices. A baseline audit was conducted at a public Hospital in Minas Gerais, Brazil, in June and July 2019. For data collection, direct observation of the procedure was performed and through the PACES (Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System) audit and feedback tool to check the compliance criteria established in the literature. After implementation, a second audit was conducted in August 2019.

Results:
During the baseline audit, the absence of adequate compliance with the criteria for using an ultrasound to insert the catheter and correct hand hygiene before the procedure was identified. Theoretical–practical training was carried out, including the use of ultrasound to perform the procedure, using an adapted mannequin. The follow-up audit showed an improvement in the compliance rate for the following audit criteria: physical assessment before the procedure (92–100%); evaluation of the most suitable vein for insertion of the catheter, avoiding the femoral vein (92–100%); correct hand hygiene before the procedure (58–100%); maintenance of asepsis throughout the procedure (83–91%) and use of ultrasound to guide venous catheterization (17–100%).

Conclusion:
The current project proved that training the team can be effective in optimizing the implementation of evidence.
Training women's pelvic floor muscles during pregnancy and postpartum at primary health centers: a best practice implementation project
Authors: de Viñaspre Regina Ruiz , Garrido Ana Elena , Alvarez Maria Angeles 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction and aims:
Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) enhances muscle strength and coordination, and prevents urinary incontinence associated with giving birth. The goal was to improve women's PFMT during pregnancy and postpartum in La Rioja, Spain.

Methods:
This evidence implementation project used the JBI evidence implementation framework. First, we conducted the PFMT baseline audit: to assess the criteria for midwife training, we sent a questionnaire to all midwives. To measure the criteria for PFMT and urinary incontinence risk assessment, we reviewed the medical records of 60 women selected through consecutive sampling and 15 other women at risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs) for the inclusion criteria in a PFMT program. Second, we used the Getting Research into Practice guidelines to identify barriers to the fulfillment of each criterion and design and implement strategies to improve compliance. Finally, we repeated the audit to measure compliance and verify the changes.

Results:
The midwives received updated PFMT, optimizing compliance with the first criterion from 67 to 100%. The remaining criteria -- providing PFMT for pregnant women, identifying women at high risk of incontinence, and facilitating a supervised PFMT program for women at high risk of UTIs -- went from 0% compliance to 17, 96, and 67%, respectively.

Conclusion:
This project was effective in building consensus, improving midwives’ practice, and facilitating mothers’ PFMT. The project continued during the novel coronavirus [coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)] epidemic in Spain as the midwives, women, and managers were involved in the change because of a well designed registration system and the use of online tools for communication between midwives and women.
Implementation and extended evaluation of the Euroimmun Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay and its contribution to the United Kingdom’s COVID-19 public health response
Authors: Otter Ashley David , Bown Abbie , D’Arcangelo Silvia , Bailey Daniel , Semper Amanda , Hewson Jacqueline , Catton Matthew , Perumal Prem , Sweed Angela , Jones Jessica , Harvala Heli , Lamikanra Abigail , Zambon Maria , Andrews Nick , Whitaker Heather , Linley Ezra , Mentzer Alexander J , Skelly Donal , Knight Julian C. , Klenerman Paul ,   PHE Porton Euroimmun testing group, Amirthalingam Gayatri , Taylor Stephen , Rowe Cathy , Vipond Richard , Brooks Tim 
Published: October 2021

1.AbstractIn March 2020, the Rare and Imported Pathogens Laboratory at Public Health England, Porton Down, was tasked by the Department of Health and Social Care with setting up a national surveillance laboratory facility to study SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses and population-level sero-surveillance in response to the growing SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. In the following 12 months, the laboratory tested more than 160,000 samples, facilitating a wide range of research and informing PHE, DHSC and UK government policy. Here we describe the implementation and use of the Euroimmun anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay and provide an extended evaluation of its performance. We present a markedly improved sensitivity of 91.39% (≥14 days 92.74%, ≥21 days 93.59%) compared to our small-scale early study, and a specificity of 98.56%. In addition, we detail extended characteristics of the Euroimmun assay: intra- and inter-assay precision, correlation to neutralisation and assay linearity.
Inefficient exploitation of accessory receptors reduces the sensitivity of chimeric antigen receptors
Authors: Burton Jake , Siller-Farfán Jesús A. , Pettmann Johannes , Salzer Benjamin , Kutuzov Mikhail , van der Merwe P. Anton , Dushek Omer 
Published: October 2021

AbstractChimeric antigen receptors (CARs) can re-direct T cells to target abnormal cells but their activity is limited by a profound defect in antigen sensitivity, the source of which remains unclear. Here we show that, while CARs have a >100-fold lower antigen sensitivity compared to the T cell receptor (TCR) when antigen is presented on antigen-presenting-cells (APCs), they have nearly identical sensitivity when antigen is presented as purified protein on artificial surfaces. We next measured the impact of engaging accessory receptors (CD2, LFA-1, CD28, CD27, 4-1BB) on antigen sensitivity by adding their purified ligands. Unexpectedly, we found that engaging CD2 or LFA-1 improved TCR antigen sensitivity by 125 and 22-fold, respectively, but only improved CAR sensitivity by <5-fold. This differential effect of CD2 and LFA-1 engagement on TCR versus CAR sensitivity was confirmed using APCs. We found that sensitivity to antigen can be partially restored by fusing the CAR variable domains to the TCR CD3ε subunit (also known as a TRuC), and fully restored by exchanging the CAR variable domains with the TCRαβ variable domains (also known as STAR or HIT). Importantly, these improvements in TRuC and STAR/HIT sensitivity can be predicted by their enhanced ability to exploit CD2 and LFA-1. These findings demonstrate that the CAR sensitivity defect is a result of their inefficient exploitation of accessory receptors, and suggest approaches to increase sensitivity.
Investigation of the futalosine pathway for menaquinone biosynthesis as a novel target in the inhibition of Chlamydia trachomatis infection
Authors: Dudiak Brianne M. , Nguyen Tri M. , Needham David , Outlaw Taylor C. , McCafferty Dewey G. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTChlamydia trachomatis, an obligate intracellular bacterium with limited metabolic capabilities, possesses the futalosine pathway for menaquinone biosynthesis. Futalosine pathway enzymes have promise as narrow spectrum targets, but the activity and essentiality of chlamydial menaquinone biosynthesis have yet to be established. In this work, menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was identified as a C. trachomatis-produced quinone through LC-MS/MS. An immunofluorescence-based assay revealed that treatment of C. trachomatis-infected HeLa cells with futalosine pathway inhibitor docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) reduced inclusion number, inclusion size, and infectious progeny. Supplementation with MK-7 nanoparticles rescued the effect of DHA on inclusion number, indicating that the futalosine pathway is a target of DHA in this system. These results open the door for menaquinone biosynthesis inhibitors to be pursued in antichlamydial development.
Total parenteral nutrition drives glucose metabolism disorders by modulating gut microbiota and its metabolites
Authors: Sun Haifeng , Wang Peng , Maitiabula Gulisudumu , Zhang Li , Yang Jianbo , Zhang Yupeng , Gao Xuejin , Li Jieshou , Xue Bin , Li Chao-Jun , Wang Xinying 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe occurrence of glucose metabolism disorders is a potentially fatal complication of total parenteral nutrition (TPN). However, the mechanisms of TPN-associated glucose metabolism disorders remain unclarified. Given that the glucose metabolism was related to gut microbiome and TPN could induce the gut microbiota dysbiosis, we hypothesized that gut microbiota and its metabolites played the important roles in TPN-associated glucose metabolism disorders. By performing a cohort study of 256 type 2 IF patients given PN, we found that H-PN (PN>80%) patients exhibited insulin resistance and a higher risk of complications. Then, TPN and microbiome transfer mice model showed that TPN promoted glucose metabolism disorders by inducing gut microbiota dysbiosis; 16S rRNA sequencing demonstrated that the abundance of Lactobacillaceae was decreased in mice model and negatively correlated with HOMA-IR and lipopolysaccharide level in TPN patients. Untargeted metabolomics found that indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was decreased in TPN mice, and the serum level was also decreased in H-PN patients. Furthermore, GLP-1 secretion regulated by IAA and aryl hydrocarbon receptor was reduced in TPN mice and patients; IAA or liraglutide completely prevented glucose metabolism disorders in TPN mice. In conclusion, TPN drives glucose metabolism disorders by inducing alteration of gut microbiota and its metabolites.
Social experience dependent plasticity of mouse song selectivity without that of song components
Authors: Agarwalla Swapna , Bandyopadhyay Sharba 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSyllable sequences in male mouse ultrasonic-vocalizations (USVs), “songs”, contain structure -quantified through predictability, like birdsong and aspects of speech. Apparent USV innateness and lack of learnability, discount mouse USVs for modelling speech-like social communication and its deficits. Informative contextual natural sequences (SN) were theoretically extracted and they were preferred by female mice. Primary auditory cortex (A1) supragranular neurons show differential selectivity to the same syllables in SN and random sequences (SR). Excitatory neurons (EXNs) in females showed increases in selectivity to whole SNs over SRs based on extent of social exposure with male, but syllable selectivity remained unchanged. Thus mouse A1 single neurons adaptively represent entire order of acoustic units without altering selectivity of individual units, fundamental to speech perception. Additionally, observed plasticity was replicated with silencing of somatostatin positive neurons, which had plastic effects opposite to EXNs, thus pointing out possible pathways involved in perception of sound sequences.
Collaborative Federated Learning behind Hospitals’ Firewalls for Predicting Histological Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: du Terrail Jean Ogier , Léopold Armand , Joly Clément , Beguier Constance , Andreux Mathieu , Maussion Charles , Schmauch Benoît , Tramel Eric W. , Bendjebbar Etienne , Zaslavskiy Mikhail , Wainrib Gilles , Milder Maud , Gervasoni Julie , Guérin Julien , Durand Thierry , Livartowski Alain , Moutet Kelvin , Gautier Clément , Djafar Inal , Moisson Anne-Laure , Marini Camille , Galtier Mathieu , Bataillon Guillaume , Heudel Pierre-Etienne 
Published: October 2021

1AbstractTriple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is a rare cancer, characterized by high metastatic potential and poor prognosis, and has limited treatment options compared to other breast cancers. The current standard of care in non-metastatic settings is neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), with the goal of breast-conserving surgery and for an in vivo assessment of chemosensitivity. However, the efficacy of this treatment varies significantly across patients, and this histological response heterogeneity is still poorly understood partly due to the paucity of available curated TNBC data. Motivated by this problem, we investigate the use of machine learning (ML) to predict at diagnosis the histological response to NACT for early TNBC patients. To overcome the known biases of related small scale studies while respecting data privacy, we conduct, for the first time, a TNBC study in a multi-centric fashion behind hospitals’ firewalls using collaborative Federated Learning (FL). Thereby allowing access to enough TNBC data to sustain a complete response heterogeneity investigation. We show evidence that local ML models relying on Whole-Slide Images (WSIs) at diagnosis are able to predict the histological response to NACT as accurately as current clinical approaches, which rely on time-consuming expert annotations. We demonstrate that collaborative training further improves performance over single-center training outperforming clinical methods. Our ML model is interpretable by design, and we show that it is sensitive to specific histological patterns. While we identify known predictive biomarkers among them, this proof of concept for real-world collaborative FL paves the way for future biomarker discovery using unprecedently large datasets.
Evaluation of peripheral enhancement on contrast-enhanced CT and corresponding pathological findings in colorectal liver metastases after preoperative chemotherapy
Authors: Tamura Akio , Ishida Kazuyuki , Sone Misato , Yoshioka Kunihiro 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo correlate peripheral enhancement on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT) of post-chemotherapy colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) patients with the pathological findings.MethodsForty-four patients with CRLM who underwent hepatic resection after preoperative chemotherapy between 2008 and 2013 were included. Two radiologists blinded to the histopathology findings performed a consensus categorization of the marginal contrast effects of CRLM on CE-CT as follows: Group 1, smooth margin without enhancement; Group 2, smooth margin with an enhanced rim; and Group 3, fuzzy margin with/without an enhanced rim. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the imaging findings with the histological findings.ResultsThe percentage of infarct-like necrosis was significantly higher in CRLM with smooth margins than in those with fuzzy margins (p<0.001, r=0.62). The percentage of viable cells was lowest in CRLM with smooth margins without enhancement (p<0.001, r=0.60).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the type of necrosis is related to the nature of the margins, and the presence of residual cells are related to peripheral enhancement.Advances in knowledgeIn CRLM, following chemotherapy, the presence of residual cells and dangerous haloes is related to the contrast effect of the tumor margins, suggesting that tumor angiogenesis affects the contrast effect.
QTL analysis of vegetative phase change in natural accessions ofArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Doody Erin , Zha Yuqi , He Jia , Poethig Scott 
Published: October 2021

AbstractShoot development in plants is divided into two phases, a vegetative phase and a reproductive phase. Vegetative growth also has two distinct juvenile and adult phases, the transition between which is termedvegetative phase change. To understand how this developmental transition is regulated in natural populations of plants, we grew a group of 70 accessions ofArabidopsis thalianaand measured the appearance of traits associated with vegetative and reproductive phase change. We found that these transitions were uncorrelated, implying they are regulated by different mechanisms. Furthermore, an analysis of accessions from Central Asia revealed that precocious changes in leaf shape poorly correlated with the timing of abaxial trichome production (an adult trait) and with variation in the level of miR156 (a key regulator of vegetative phase change). This suggests the timing of vegetative phase change is regulated by more than one mechanism. To identify the genes responsible for the precocious vegetative phenotype of these accessions, we used a set of recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between the standard lab strain, Col-0, and one of these accessions, Shakdara. We identified eight quantitative trait loci involved in the vegetative phase change, some of which regulated different components of leaf development. All of these loci were distinct from those that regulate flowering time. These data provide the foundation for future studies to identify the loci and the regulatory networks responsible for natural variation in the timing of vegetative phase change inA. thaliana.
Nostoc talks back: Temporal patterns of differential gene expression during establishment of the Anthoceros-Nostoc symbiosis
Authors: Chatterjee Poulami , Schafran Peter , Li Fay-Wei , Meeks John C 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEndosymbiotic association between hornworts and dinitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria form when the plant is limited for combined nitrogen (N). We generated RNA-Seq data to examine the temporal gene expression patterns during culture of N-starved Anthoceros punctatus in the absence and presence of the symbiotically competent cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme. Symbiotic nitrogenase activity commenced within 5 days of coculture reaching a maximal by 14 days. In symbiont-free gametophytes, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and transcription of genes encoding light harvesting and reaction center proteins, as well as the small subunit of ribulose-bisphosphate-carboxylase/oxygenase, were downregulated. The downregulation was complemented in a temporal pattern corresponding to the N. punctiforme provision of N2-derived ammonium. The impairment and complementation of photosynthesis was the most distinctive response of A. punctatus to N-starvation. Increases in transcription of ammonium and nitrate transporters and their N. punctiforme-dependent complementation was also observed. The temporal patterns of differential gene expression indicated N. punctiforme transmits signals to A. punctatus both prior to, and after its provision of fixed N. This is the only known temporal transcriptomic study during establishment of a symbiotic nitrogen-fixing association in this monophyletic evolutionary lineage of land plants.HighlightsTemporal RNA-Seq analysis revealed how symbiotic cyanobacteria impact plant partners’ global gene expression and elucidated the nature of bidirectional communications between the partners