bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Different Modes of Delivery on the Structure and Predicted Function of Intestinal Microbiota in Neonates and Early Infants
Authors: PAN KAIYU , ZHANG CHENGYUE , TIAN JUN 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Several studies have shown that an increased risk of metabolic and immune disorders associated with cesarean section mode of delivery may exist. However, such studies have not been conducted in the Chinese population. Stool sample sequencing of the gene encoding the 16S rRNA of 82 prospectively enrolled 3- and 30–42-day-old vaginal and cesarean section delivered newborns was performed to study the composition and predicted function of the intestinal microbiota. In the samples from the 3-day-old neonates, the levels of Escherichia-Shigella in the two groups were similar. The genera Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Bacteroides were more prominent in the vaginal delivery than in the cesarean section group, which showed a predominance of Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Corynebacterium. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05). In the samples from 30- to 42-day-old infants, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Escherichia-Shigella, and Bacteroides were the main genera present in the vaginal delivery group, while in the cesarean section delivery group; the predominant genera were Escherichia-Shigella, Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, and Staphylococcus. Predicted functions of the vaginal delivery group revealed higher metabolic and biodegradation rates of carbohydrates, vitamins, and xenobiotics than those in the cesarean section group, which contributed to the stability of the microbiota in the former. The abundance of probiotic bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, and the negative correlation between obesity and Bacteroides presence were higher in vaginally delivered infants than in cesarean-delivered infants at both studied time points.
The Pathogenesis of Aspergillus fumigatus, Host Defense Mechanisms, and the Development of AFMP4 Antigen as a Vaccine
Authors: GU XIANG , HUA YAN-HONG , ZHANG YANG-DONG , BAO DI , LV JIN , HU HONG-FANG 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Aspergillus fumigatus is one of the ubiquitous fungi with airborne conidia, which accounts for most aspergillosis cases. In immunocompetent hosts, the inhaled conidia are rapidly eliminated. However, immunocompromised or immunodeficient hosts are particularly vulnerable to most Aspergillus infections and invasive aspergillosis (IA), with mortality from 50% to 95%. Despite the improvement of antifungal drugs over the last few decades, the therapeutic effect for IA patients is still limited and does not provide significant survival benefits. The drawbacks of antifungal drugs such as side effects, antifungal drug resistance, and the high cost of antifungal drugs highlight the importance of finding novel therapeutic and preventive approaches to fight against IA. In this article, we systemically addressed the pathogenic mechanisms, defense mechanisms against A. fumigatus, the immune response, molecular aspects of host evasion, and vaccines’ current development against aspergillosis, particularly those based on AFMP4 protein, which might be a promising antigen for the development of anti-A. fumigatus vaccines.
Методичні положення оцінювання можливостей стримування агресора від розв’язання воєнного конфлікту
Authors: Загорка О. М. , Поліщук С. В. , Загорка І. О. 
Published: March 2021

Стримування агресора від розв’язання воєнного конфлікту є одним з основних завдань забезпечення воєнної безпеки держави. У статті наведені методичні положення оцінювання можливостей стримування агресії, які базуються на урахуванні коефіцієнтів експансії конфлікту. Під час оцінювання можливостей стримування агресії розглядаються очікувані стратегії дій сторін, які характеризуються ймовірностями завершення воєнного конфлікту в кожній фазі (на кожному) етапі воєнних дій.
Наведені методичні положення утворюють концептуальну аналітичну модель стримування агресора, призначену не лише для оцінювання можливостей стримування агресії, а й для обґрунтування заходів з метою запобігання ескалації воєнного конфлікту. Порядок застосування моделі показаний на прикладі оцінювання можливостей стримування агресора від розв’язання воєнного конфлікту з метою відокремлення окремих районів держави.
Approximate solution of nonlinear differential system with time variation
Authors: Karim Rezaul , Dey Pinakee , Miah Saikh Shahjahan 
Published: March 2021

this paper develops a reliable algorithm based on the general Struble’s technique and extended KBM method for solving nonlinear differential systems. Moreover, we find a solution based on the KBM and general Struble’s technique of nonlinear autonomous systems with time variation, which is more powerful than the existing perturbation method. Finally, results are discussed, primarily to enrich the physical prospects, and shown graphically by utilizing MATHEMATICA and MATLAB software.
Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 44, No. 2, 121-130, 2020
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP), Hyaluronic Acid and the Combination of Both in the Treatment of Mild and Moderate Osteoarthritis of the Knee
Authors: Shoma Farzana Khan , Rahman Md Mahmudur , Chowdhury Ziaur Rahman , Hassan Muhammad Kamrul , Hossain Farzana , Rahman Farzana , Gomes Lilian Catherene , Ullah Md Ahsan 
Published: March 2021

Osteoarthritis (OA) is by far the most common form of arthritis characterized by focal loss of articular cartilage, subchondral osteosclerosis, osteophyte formation at the joint margin, and remodeling of joint contour with enlargement of affected joints. This randomized, clinical trial aimed to compare the effectiveness of Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) and Hyaluronic Acid (HA) as individual treatments and PRP in combination with HA in the treatment of mild to moderate knee Osteoarthritis (OA). The study was conducted among 89 patients with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Patients were randomly allocated to one of the three interventions: HA (n=30), PRP (n=30), or HA+PRP (n=29). Patients in HA group received 3 intra-articular knee injections with 1 week interval while patients in PRP group and PRP+HA group received 2 intra-articular knee injections with 2 week interval. Functional outcome of the treatment were evaluated using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) questionnaire at baseline and after 1,3,6 and 9 months of treatment. Majority of the patients in all groups were female where mean age of the patients were about 50 years. Pain scores in VAS scale significantly reduced in PRP group when compared to HA group and also in PRP+HA when compared to HA group which persist till nine months (p<0.05). No significant statistical difference was found in VAS scores between PRP and PRP+ HA group. WOMAC pain scores also significantly reduced in PRP group when compared to HA group and also in PRP+HA when compared to HA group (p<0.05). WOMAC stiffness significantly reduced in PRP+ HA group when compared to HA group at three month (p<0.001) and at six month (p=0.011). At nine month, physical activity scores significantly reduced in PRP group compared to HA group (p=0.002) and in PRP+HA when compared to HA group (p<0.001). No significant reduction was observed in WOMAC scores when the outcome of PRP+HA was compared with PRP alone. PRP provides better functional outcome than HA. The combination of PRP and HA also provides better outcome than HA alone but does not provide better outcome than PRP alone.
J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 28, No.2, October, 2019, Page 172-178
Life–Threatening Hyperkalemia Presenting with Cardiac Arrest during Combined Therapy with Angiotensin – Converting Enzyme Inhibitor and Spironolactone: a Case Report
Authors: Chakraborty Shudipan , Khayer MA , Rahman Mahbubor 
Published: March 2021

A 56-year-old man with history of previous coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery and prior history of mild renal impairment was brought to the emergency department at mid night in gasping state. On presentation his pulse and blood pressure (BP) were non recordable. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was started immediately and he was intubated in the emergency room. Within few minutes his pulse became perceptible but BP still remained non recordable. His bed side 12 leads electrocardiogram (ECG) revealed sine wave configuration,suggestive of severe hyperkalemia with heart rate 30-35 beats per minute (bpm).Urgently he was transferred to cardiac catheterization laboratory for temporary pacemaker insertion (TPI). After putting TPI he regained consciousness and BP raised to normal. His blood gas analysis showed severe hyperkalemia (Serum potassium level-9.4 mmol/L). In coronary care unit (CCU) he was commenced on standard treatment of hyperkalemia and his electrolyte imbalance normalized within 24 hours. His cardiac rhythm reverted back to sinus within 24 hours of admission and he was extubated next day and discharged from the hospital after 5 days in a relatively stable state.
J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 28, No.2, October, 2019, Page 212-215
Teoria de Filas e Rede de Petri Estocástica: Um tutorial
Authors: Lima John Wesley Soares de , Callou Gustavo , Andrade Ermeson 
Published: March 2021

A teoria das filas estuda sistemas que exigem que os clientes ou objetos esperem. Por outro lado, as redes de Petri são um formalismo matemático usado para modelar, analisar e otimizar sistemas complexos. Embora a teoria das filas tenha sido amplamente usada na literatura, ela não pode ser usada para modelar certos comportamentos de sistemas complexos como dependências entre componentes ou comportamento de falha e reparo. Assim, este tutorial tem como objetivo apresentar ao leitor o vocabulário e as construções de modelos de redes de Petri e ilustrar a equivalência desses modelos a sistemas de filas por meio de um conjunto de exemplos. Os resultados estatísticos obtidos via simulação revelaram que os modelos de rede de Petri podem representar sistemas de filas. Além disso, esperamos que este tutorial sirva de complemento às limitações da teoria das filas e ajude pesquisadores ou profissionais, tanto da academia quanto da indústria, a modelarem sistemas complexos com base nos exemplos apresentados neste trabalho.
Efeito dos bagaços de malte e cana-de-açúcar na retenção de nutrientes em substratos de telhado verde extensivo
Authors: Scarassatti Marcella Regyna do Nascimento , Benatti Aline , Morais Eduardo Beraldo de 
Published: March 2021

Este estudo objetivou avaliar a qualidade da água escoada por unidades experimentais de telhados verdes contendo substratos acrescidos de materiais adsorventes de baixo custo, como o bagaço de malte (M) e o bagaço de cana-de-açúcar (C). Cada unidade experimental foi composta por manta do tipo geotêxtil, um substrato e a vegetação (Arachis repens). Os substratos M e C foram comparados com um substrato controle (CON) de grande utilização comercial. O experimento foi desenvolvido em duas etapas, irrigação manual e chuva real. A qualidade da água escoada pelas unidades experimentais foi analisada por meio dos parâmetros de cor verdadeira, turbidez, sólidos totais, pH, condutividade elétrica, nitrato , fosfato e sulfato . As diferenças nos substratos exerceram efeitos significativos nas concentrações de e , sendo o substrato C com melhor desempenho na retenção destes ânions. A distribuição e o impacto da água nas unidades experimentais apresentaram diferenças quanto ao carreamento de nutrientes, com menor lixiviação na fase de irrigação manual. Os resultados sugerem que a aplicação do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar em telhados verdes para a melhoria da qualidade da água escoada é promissora.
DEVELOPING PERSONAL COMPETENCY TEST INSTRUMENTS IN IDENTIFYING ATTITUDE OF RADICALISM
Authors: Syah Rahmat , - Lusiana 
Published: March 2021

Era globalisasi radikalisme berkembang dengan pesatnya, khususnya melalui jejarang sosial yang digunakan oleh Siswa Menengah Atas dan Mahasiswa. Perlunya pengukuran sikap radikalisme mahasiswa untuk mengetahui gambaran karakter dari mahasiswa agar pihak institusi dapat melakukan pencegahan atau pembinaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengambangkan instrumen tes masuk perguruan tinggi khususnya tes masuk di IBM asmi. Instrumen yang dikembangkan adalah instrumen Tes Karakteristik Pribadi (TKP) yang dapat mengidentifikasi sikap radikalisme. Metode penelitian menggunakan penelitian pengembangan R & D dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Instrumen yang dikembangkan dibuktikan validitasnya secara isi dengan expert judgement dari para ahli pengukuran dan dibuktikan dengan validitas konstruk dengan analisis konformatori serta dilakukan pembuktian reliabelitas. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu instrumen pengukuran sikap radikalisme valid dan reliabel serta dapat mengidentifikasi sikap radikalisme untuk mahasiswa. Terdapat 5 dimensi sikap radikalisme dari mulai agama, keluarga, kepribadian, pandangan politik dan relasi sosial.Focus Group Discussion menghasilkan 5 dimensi dan 13 indikator serta 35 butir item yang dapat digunakan untuk pengukuran sikap radikalisme mahasiswa. Hasil uji validitas terdapat 2 item yang perlu diperbaiki. Hasil reliabelitas pada instrumen yang dikembangkan tergolong tinggi dan instrumen siap digunakan.
Dynamic Changes in Microbial Composition During Necrotizing Soft-Tissue Infections in ICU Patients
Authors: Thy Michael , Tanaka Sébastien , Tran-Dinh Alexy , Ribeiro Lara , Lortat-Jacob Brice , Donadio Julia , Zappella Nathalie , Ben-Rehouma Mouna , Tashk Parvine , Snauwaert Aurelie , Atchade Enora , Grall Nathalie , Montravers Philippe 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Recent studies described the threat of emerging multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in intensive care unit (ICU) patients, but few data are available for necrotizing skin and soft tissue infections (NSTI). In a cohort of ICU patients admitted for NSTI, we describe the dynamic changes of microbial population during repeated surgeries.Materials and Methods: This retrospective study compiled consecutive cases admitted for the management of severe NSTI. Clinical characteristics, NSTI features, morbidity and mortality data were collected. The microbiological characteristics of surgical samples obtained during initial surgery were compared with those obtained during the first reoperation, including persistence of initial pathogens and/or emergence of microorganisms. Risk factors for emergence of microorganisms and MDR bacteria were assessed by univariable and multivariable analyses.Results: Among 100 patients {63% male, 58 years old [interquartile ratio (IQR) 50–68]} admitted for NSTI, 54 underwent reoperation with a median [IQR] delay of 3 (1–7) days. Decreased proportions of susceptible strains and emergence of Gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococci and enterococci strains, were reported based on the cultures of surgical specimen collected on reoperation. On reoperation, 22 (27%) of the isolated strains were MDR (p &lt; 0.0001 vs. MDR bacteria cultured from the first samples). Broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy as first-line therapy was significantly associated with a decreased emergence of microorganisms. Adequate antibiotic therapy from the initial surgery did not modify the frequency of emergence of microorganisms (p = 0.79) and MDR bacteria (p = 1.0) or the 1-year survival rate.Conclusion: The emergence of microorganisms, including MDR bacteria, is frequently noted in NSTI without affecting mortality.
Vitamin D and Acute Kidney Injury: A Two-Way Causality Relation and a Predictive, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Role of Vitamin D
Authors: Graidis Spyridon , Papavramidis Theodosios S. , Papaioannou Maria 
Published: March 2021

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) constitutes a multi-factorially caused condition, which significantly affects kidney function and can lead to elevated risk of morbidity and mortality. Given the rising scientific evidence regarding vitamin D's (VitD's) multisystemic role, the connection between AKI and VitD is currently being studied, and the complex relation between them has started to be unraveled.Methods: A systematic review had been conducted to identify the pathogenetic relation of VitD and AKI and the potential role of VitD as a biomarker and therapeutic–renoprotective factor.Results: From 792 articles, 74 articles were identified that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Based on these articles, it has been found that not only can VitD disorders (VitD deficiency or toxicity) cause AKI but, also, AKI can lead to great disruption in the metabolism of VitD. Moreover, it has been found that VitD serves as a novel biomarker for prediction of the risk of developing AKI and for the prognosis of AKI's severity. Finally, animal models showed that VitD can both ameliorate AKI and prevent its onset, suggesting its renoprotective effect.Conclusion: There is a complex two-way pathogenetic relation between VitD disorders and AKI, while, concomitantly, VitD serves as a potential novel predictive–prognostic biomarker and a treatment agent in AKI therapy.
The Nutritional Issue of Older People Receiving Home-Delivered Meals: A Systematic Review
Authors: Fleury Ségolène , Tronchon Paul , Rota Juliane , Meunier Charlotte , Mardiros Oliver , Van Wymelbeke-Delannoy Virginie , Sulmont-Rossé Claire 
Published: March 2021

Background:Setting up a home-delivered meal service often allows older people suffering from physical and/or cognitive disabilities to stay at home. However, older people who delegate their food activities (food purchasing, cooking…) have been reported to have a worse nutritional status than people who take care of their food activities. In this context, we will conduct a systematic review of all studies related to the nutritional issue in home-delivered meal older recipients.Methods:In June 2020, we searched 3 databases (Pubmed, Web of Science, EMBASE) to identify studies from all years on older adults at home and receiving home-delivered meal services (population). The followingoutcomeswere considered: nutritional status (Body Mass Index, weight, undernutrition) and nutritional intake. Any nutritionalintervention, comparator, andstudy designwere relevant for inclusion.Results:Forty-eight original studies met the inclusion criteria, most of them being published after the year 2000 (n= 34) and undertaken in the USA (n= 32). The selection includes 30 cross-sectional and 18 longitudinal studies. The main findings of this review are the following: (1) home-delivery meal older recipients are at high risk of undernutrition; (2) providing home-delivery meals may improve the nutritional status and nutrient intake; (3) this improvement is even higher when the home-delivery meal service is improved, for instance by providing dietetic counseling or adding supplementary snacks/meals or enriched food. However, even an improved service does not allow all the older recipients meeting their recommended nutritional allowance.Conclusion:This review reveals a need to further develop strategies allowing home-delivery meal older recipients to fulfill their nutritional needs. From a methodological point of view, there is a need to describe in more detail the home-delivered services provided to studies' participants to better consider meal frequency and meal content in the results.
Morphological Subtypes of Tumor Spread Through Air Spaces in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Prognostic Heterogeneity and Its Underlying Mechanism
Authors: Xie Huikang , Su Hang , Zhu Erjia , Gu Chang , Zhao Shengnan , She Yunlang , Ren Yijiu , Xie Dong , Zheng Hui , Wu Chunyan , Dai Chenyang , Chen Chang 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundTumor spread through air spaces (STAS) has three morphologic subtypes: single cells, micropapillary clusters, and solid nests. However, whether their respective clinical significance is similar remains unclear.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 803 patients with resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from January to December 2009. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared among patients stratified by STAS subtypes. We also performed a prospective study of NSCLC resection specimens to evaluate the influence of a prosecting knife on the presence of STAS subtypes during specimen handling (83 cases).ResultsSTAS was found in 370 NSCLCs (46%), including 47 single cell STAS (13%), 187 micropapillary cluster STAS (50%), and 136 solid nest STAS (37%). STAS-negative patients had significantly better survival than patients with micropapillary cluster STAS (RFS: P &lt; 0.001; OS: P &lt; 0.001) and solid nest STAS (RFS: P &lt; 0.001; OS: P &lt; 0.001), but similar survival compared with those with single cell STAS (RFS: P = 0.995; OS: P = 0.71). Multivariate analysis revealed micropapillary cluster (RFS: P &lt; 0.001; OS: P &lt; 0.001) and solid nest STAS (RFS: P = 0.001; OS: P = 0.003) to be an independent prognostic indicator, but not for single cell STAS (RFS: P = 0.989; OS: P = 0.68). Similar results were obtained in subgroup analysis of patients with adenocarcinoma. The prospective study of NSCLC specimens suggested that 18 cases were considered as STAS false-positive, and most were singe cell pattern (13/18, 72%).ConclusionsSingle cell STAS was the common morphologic type of artifacts produced by a prosecting knife. A precise protocol of surgical specimen handling is required to minimize artifacts as much as possible.
Evaluation of an Ultrasound-Based Navigation System for Spine Neurosurgery: A Porcine Cadaver Study
Authors: Gueziri Houssem-Eddine , Rabau Oded , Santaguida Carlo , Collins D. Louis 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundWith the growing incidence of patients receiving surgical treatment for spinal metastatic tumours, there is a need for developing cost-efficient and radiation-free alternatives for spinal interventions. In this paper, we evaluate the capabilities and limitations of an image-guided neurosurgery (IGNS) system that uses intraoperative ultrasound (iUS) imaging for guidance.MethodsUsing a lumbosacral section of a porcine cadaver, we explored the impact of CT image resolution, ultrasound depth and ultrasound frequency on system accuracy, robustness and effectiveness. Preoperative CT images with an isotropic resolution of , and were acquired. During surgery, vertebrae L1 to L6 were exposed. For each vertebra, five iUS scans were acquired using two depth parameters (5 cm and 7 cm) and two frequencies (6 MHz and 12 MHz). A total of 120 acquisition trials were evaluated. Ultrasound-based registration performance is compared to the standard alignment procedure using intraoperative CT. We report target registration error (TRE) and computation time. In addition, the scans’ trajectories were analyzed to identify vertebral regions that provide the most relevant features for the alignment.ResultsFor all acquisitions, the median TRE ranged from 1.42 mm to 1.58 mm and the overall computation time was 9.04 s ± 1.58 s. Fourteen out of 120 iUS acquisitions (11.66%) yielded a level-to-level mismatch (and these are included in the accuracy measurements reported). No significant effect on accuracy was found with CT resolution (F(2,10) = 1.70, p = 0.232), depth (F(1,5) = 0.22, p= 0.659) nor frequency (F(1,5) = 1.02, p = 0.359). While misalignment increases linearly with the distance from the imaged vertebra, accuracy was satisfactory for directly adjacent levels. A significant relationship was found between iUS scan coverage of laminae and articular processes, and accuracy.ConclusionIntraoperative ultrasound can be used for spine surgery neuronavigation. We demonstrated that the IGNS system yield acceptable accuracy and high efficiency compared to the standard CT-based navigation procedure. The flexibility of the iUS acquisitions can have repercussions on the system performance, which are not fully identified. Further investigation is needed to understand the relationship between iUS acquisition and alignment performance.