bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precision vascular anatomy for minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy: A systematic review
Authors: Nishino Hitoe , Zimmitti Giuseppe , Ohtsuka Takao , Abu Hilal Mohammed , Goh Brian K. P. , Kooby David A. , Nakamura Yoshiharu , Shrikhande Shailesh V. , Yoon Yoo‐Seok , Ban Daisuke , Nagakawa Yuichi , Nakata Kohei , Endo Itaru , Tsuchida Akihiko , Nakamura Masafumi ,   Study group of Precision Anatomy for Minimally Invasive Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic surgery (PAM‐HBP surgery)
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundMinimally invasive distal pancreatectomy (MIDP) is increasingly performed worldwide; however, the surgical anatomy required to safely perform MIDP has not yet been fully considered. This review evaluated the literature concerning peripancreatic vascular anatomy, which is considered important to conduct safe MIDP.MethodsA database search of PubMed and Ichushi (Japanese) was conducted. Qualified studies investigating the anatomical variations of peripancreatic vessels related to MIDP were evaluated using SIGN methodology.ResultsOf 701 articles yielded by our search strategy, 76 articles were assessed in this systematic review. The important vascular anatomy required to recognize MIDP included the pancreatic parenchymal coverage on the root and the running course of the splenic artery, branching patterns of the splenic artery, confluence positions of the left gastric vein and the inferior mesenteric vein, forms of pancreatic veins including the centro‐inferior pancreatic vein, characteristics of the left renal vein, and collateral routes perfusing the spleen following Warshaw's technique. Very few articles evaluating the relationship between the anatomical variations and surgical outcomes of MIDP were found.ConclusionsThe precise knowledge of peripancreatic vessels is important to adequately complete MIDP. More detailed anatomic analyses and descriptions will benefit surgeons and their patients who are facing these operations.
Developing character and entrepreneurship among young men in a fishing community in West Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Stanford Richard J. , Febriamansyah Rudi , Prayanda Ibnu Riyadhie , Henri Erikson 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe causes of poverty in fishing communities are frequently multidimensional. Poverty alleviation interventions, however, are often monodimensional, mainly providing physical assets such as fishing equipment. Such interventions fail to address human, social and institutional weaknesses and, perversely, may increase fishing effort and exacerbate poverty. To address one gap in current poverty alleviation efforts, human capacity potential and weaknesses among young men in an Indonesian fishing village were explored, by interviewing youth and elders. A teaching curriculum was developed, which includes practical skills on developing a business, financial management, marketing and material addressing character issues such as honesty, integrity and self‐esteem.
Cutaneous inputs from perineal region facilitate spinal locomotor activity and modulate cutaneous reflexes from the foot in spinal cats
Authors: Merlet Angèle N. , Harnie Jonathan , Macovei Madalina , Doelman Adam , Gaudreault Nathaly , Frigon Alain 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIt is well known that mechanically stimulating the perineal region potently facilitates hindlimb locomotion and weight support in mammals with a spinal transection (spinal mammals). However, how perineal stimulation mediates this excitatory effect is poorly understood. We evaluated the effect of mechanically stimulating (vibration or pinch) the perineal region on ipsilateral (9–14 ms onset) and contralateral (14–18 ms onset) short‐latency cutaneous reflex responses evoked by electrically stimulating the superficial peroneal or distal tibial nerve in seven adult spinal cats where hindlimb movement was restrained. Cutaneous reflexes were evoked before, during, and after mechanical stimulation of the perineal region. We found that vibration or pinch of the perineal region effectively triggered rhythmic activity, ipsilateral and contralateral to nerve stimulation. When electrically stimulating nerves, adding perineal stimulation modulated rhythmic activity by decreasing cycle and burst durations and by increasing the amplitude of flexors and extensors. Perineal stimulation also disrupted the timing of the ipsilateral rhythm, which had been entrained by nerve stimulation. Mechanically stimulating the perineal region decreased ipsilateral and contralateral short‐latency reflex responses evoked by cutaneous inputs, a phenomenon we observed in muscles crossing different joints and located in different limbs. The results suggest that the excitatory effect of perineal stimulation on locomotion and weight support is mediated by increasing the excitability of central pattern‐generating circuitry and not by increasing excitatory inputs from cutaneous afferents of the foot. Our results are consistent with a state‐dependent modulation of reflexes by spinal interneuronal circuits.
Process characterization and optimization of cold brew coffee: effect of pressure, temperature, time and solvent volume on yield, caffeine and phenol content
Authors: Kyroglou Smaro , Thanasouli Konstantina , Vareltzis Patroklos 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDCold brew coffee, based on cold extraction, is rapidly attracting consumers' preference worldwide. Low total solids yield and long extraction times (up to 24 h) are the main drawbacks of this process. Five different treatments were investigated: the traditional cold extraction method, freezing, lyophilization of coffee beans, use of chaotropic salt and reduced pressure extraction. The latter was optimized by applying a Box–Behnken design. Pressure, vacuum cycles, duration of each cycle and mass of ground coffee to water ratio were the optimization parameters. Yield, caffeine and phenol concentration were the response variables.RESULTSCaffeine concentration and yield were significantly affected by vacuum cycles and by the combination of vacuum cycles and duration of each cycle. Validation of the derived quadratic models for each response variable was performed. Optimum values for highest extraction yield (22%) and phenol concentration as well as mass transfer coefficients of phenol and caffeine were also determined.CONCLUSIONSExtraction under reduced pressure might be the best treatment for the acceleration of cold brew coffee extraction. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Association between imaging response and survival following neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with resectable colorectal liver metastases: A cohort study
Authors: Behrenbruch C. , Prabhakaran S. , Udayasiri D D. , Michael M. , Hollande F. , Hayes I. , Heriot A. G. , Knowles B. , Thomson B. N. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe association between the imaging response (structural or metabolic) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (neoCT) before colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) and survival is unclear.MethodA total of 201 patients underwent their first CRLM resection. A total of 94 (47%) patients were treated with neoCT. A multivariable, Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to compare overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) between response groups.ResultsMultivariable regression analysis of the CT/MRI (n = 94) group showed no difference in survival (OS and PFS) in patients who had stable disease/partial response (SD/PR) or complete response (CR) versus patients who had progressive disease (PD) (OS: HR, 0.36 (95% CI: 0.11–1.19) p = .094, HR, 0.78 (95% CI: 0.13–4.50) p = .780, respectively), (PFS: HR, 0.70 (95% CI: 0.36–1.35) p = .284, HR, 0.51 (0.18–1.45) p = .203, respectively). In the FDG‐PET group (n = 60) there was no difference in the hazard of death for patients with SD/PR or CR versus patients with PD for OS or PFS except for the PFS in the small CR subgroup (OS: HR, 0.75 (95% CI: 0.11–4.88) p = .759, HR, 1.21 (95% CI: 0.15–9.43) p = .857), (PFS: HR, 0.34% (95% CI: 0.09–1.22), p = .097, HR, 0.17 (95% CI: 0.04–0.62) p = .008, respectively).ConclusionThere was no convincing evidence of association between imaging response to neoCT and survival following CRLM resection.
Passivated graphene quantum dots for carbaryl determination in juices
Authors: Soriano M. Laura , Jiménez‐Sánchez Andrés , Cárdenas Soledad 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper reports a simple method for the preparation of suitable graphene quantum dots after surface passivation, to be used for the determination of carbaryl in juice samples. A comparison of synthetic conditions for the preparation of graphene quantum dots following the top‐down approach is described. In the one‐step route selected, evaluation of diverse reaction time for cutting and modulating the oxidizing sites in the broken pieces of the initial graphene layer is conducted with a mixture of concentrated acids. Exploring the passivation effect on the purified graphene quantum dots, we demonstrated the suitability of the selected graphene quantum dots for practical application in the detection of carbaryl using fluorometric detection. Higher sensitivity was achieved after 8 min of contact, in which graphene quantum dots promotes the degradation of carbaryl into naphthol, being the latter responsible for the analytical signal. The detection and quantification limits were 0.36 and 1.21 μg/L, respectively, being the response linear up to 26 μg/L with excellent precision (better than 3.2% at the limit of detection). The recovery of the analyte from commercial juice samples (91.4–96.7%) testifies to the applicability of the proposal for the analytical problem selected.
Technical Note: Induced radioactivity in stereotactic body radiation therapy with a flattening‐filter‐free 10 MV beam model
Authors: Wang Huidong , Chen Kunzhi , Shi Yinghua , Huang Xiaolong , Sun Wuji , Hou Kairan , Jin Yongli , Jiang Xin , Yang Dong , Dong Lihua 
Published: February 2021

PurposeThe induced radioactivity in stereotactic body radiation therapy with a flattening‐filter‐free 10 MV beam model (10 FFF SBRT) was investigated for the risk to therapists.MethodsThis study was performed on a Varian TrueBeam linac. The induced radioisotopes were identified by γ spectroscopy. The dose rate from the induced activity was measured for 12 treatment cycles in 4 h continuously. The impacts of the characteristic factors of 10 FFF SBRT on the dose rate were investigated, including monitor units (MU), beam rate, field size, and flattening filter. The dose rate was compared between the SBRT plans and conventional fractionation plans. A mathematical model was used to analyze the results and estimate the annual dose to therapists.Results(a) The induced radioisotopes included 24Na, 28Al, 38Cl, 56Mn, 66Cu, 187W, and 196Au. (b) In 4 h, the total dose contribution ratios were more than 70% for 28Al, about 20% for 56Mn, and 10% for all other long‐lived radioisotopes, combining doses at the isocenter and end of the treatment couch. (c) The dose rate showed a nonlinear growth with increasing MU and beam rate. The variation of the dose rate was complicated with the jaw field and not sensitive to the MLC field. The removal of the flattening filter reduced the dose rate by about 40%. The dose level of SBRT was two to three times that of conventional fractionation. (d) The estimated annual dose to therapists was up to 0.20 mSv/y.ConclusionsThe induced radioactivity in 10 FFF SBRT was higher compared with that in 10 MV conventional fractionation. More MU and higher beam rate were the primary factors that caused the increase. The therapists should wait longer after beam‐off to reduce the occupational dose. In addition, aluminum and manganese should be less used in the treatment room.
A hybrid level set method for the integrated optimization of structural topology and multicomponent layout
Authors: Li Xiaopeng , Gao Liang , Zhou Ying , Li Hao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA hybrid level set method is proposed for devising structures with embedded components, where the supporting structure as well as the positions and orientations of the components are optimized simultaneously. Two different types of level sets, namely the explicit and implicit level set are introduced to respectively represent the components and supporting structure. In this fashion, smooth geometries and clear interfaces for both the components and their underpinning structure can be obtained, which can facilitate the following analysis or manufacture of the optimized design. The positions and orientation of the components are described by a set of explicit level sets. To facilitate the solution of these multiconstraint optimization problems, a parametric mechanism is formulated by approximating the implicit level sets with the Gaussian radial basis function. Distinguished from the existing approaches, we use two different sets of design variables in a uniform optimization loop, that is, the geometric parameters for the positions and orientations of the components, and the expansion coefficients of the level set interpolation for the supporting structure. In this way, the overall design variables for the optimization problem can be greatly reduced. Several examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.
Increasing prenatal diagnosis of chimeras with the use of noninvasive prenatal screening: Report of two cases
Authors: Yu Florrie N. Y. , Li Elizabeth Y. Y. , Kong Meliza C. W. , Ma Teresa W. L. , Chan Kelvin Y. K. , Man Elim , Chung Brian H. Y. , Kan Anita S. Y. 
Published: February 2021

Bulleted Statements:What's already known about this topic?

The incidence of discordant fetal sex was estimated to be 1 in 1500–2000. Comprehensive evaluation is required to investigate the underlying cause.

What does this study add?

Chimera is one of the possible causes of genotype–phenotype sex discordance. It could be detected prenatally with the combination of noninvasive prenatal screening and ultrasound.

Genetic counseling to prospective parents on chimera can be complex where early support and information from experienced professionals are important.
Mediterranean diets and diabetes
Authors: Dyson Pamela 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMediterranean diets (MDs) are recommended by some authorities for the prevention and management of diabetes, although there is some confusion about the definition and components of MDs. This narrative review explores the definition role of MDs in diabetes.Meta‐analyses of prospective cohort studies and randomised controlled trials reported that MD was effective for the prevention of type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes (GDM). In the management of type 2 diabetes, MD significantly improved glycaemic control and reduced body weight and cardiovascular disease risk. There was insufficient evidence for prevention or management of type 1 diabetes in adults or children and for the management of GDM. Copyright © 2021 John Wiley & Sons.
Reversibly self‐assembled pH‐responsive PEG‐p(CL‐g‐TMC) polymersomes
Authors: Welzen Pascal L. W. , Martinez Ciriano Sydney W. , Cao Shoupeng , Mason Alexander F. , Welzen‐Pijpers Imke A. B. , van Hest Jan C. M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPolymersomes have gained much interest within the biomedical field as drug delivery systems due to their ability to transport and protect cargo from the harsh environment inside the body. For an improved drug efficacy, control over cargo release is however also an important factor to take into account. An often employed method is to incorporate pH sensitive groups in the vesicle membrane, which induce disassembly and content release when the particles have reached a target site in the body with the appropriate pH, such as the acidic microenvironment of tumor tissue or the endosome. In this paper, biodegradable poly(ethylene glycol)‐poly(caprolactone‐gradient‐trimethylene carbonate)‐based polymeric vesicles have been developed with disassembly features at mild acidic conditions. Modifying the polymer backbone with imidazole moieties results in vesicle disassembly upon protonation due to the lowered pH. Furthermore, upon increasing the pH efficient re‐assembly into vesicles is observed due to the switchable amphiphilic nature of the polymer. When this re‐assembly process is conducted in presence of cargo, enhanced encapsulation is achieved. Furthermore, the potency of the polymeric system for future biomedical applications such as adjuvant delivery is demonstrated.
Can arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi speed up carbon sequestration by enhanced weathering?
Authors: Verbruggen Erik , Struyf Eric , Vicca Sara 
Published: February 2021

Societal Impact StatementMitigating climate change and increasing agricultural sustainability are twin challenges society faces in the upcoming decades. One measure that can contribute to reducing atmospheric CO2 is "enhanced weathering" through application of ground silicates. Here we propose that mycorrhizal fungi may critically contribute to the success of enhanced weathering in agricultural systems. Fundamental lab‐based experiments now need to go hand in hand with real‐world field trials, with the goal to optimize both decarbonization and environmental sustainability of agricultural ecosystems.SummaryArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have significantly contributed to weathering of the earth's surface since their evolutionary origin 400–500 million years ago. They have been a key player in the global carbon cycle over geological timescales. In order to reach the global warming targets as agreed at the Paris summit in 2015, implementation of negative emission technologies is necessary. Among the options, one of the simplest is "enhanced weathering", where silicate rock is ground into small particles to enhance weathering rate. Here we synthesize the ways by which mycorrhizal fungi interact with these particles when applied to agricultural fields, and suggest they may stimulate weathering by various direct and indirect mechanisms. We conclude that because the intensity with which mycorrhiza interact with soil is tightly related to plant provisioning of photosynthates in exchange for soil‐derived nutrients, weathering rates and hence carbon sequestration are likely to increase with agricultural activities that stimulate plant reliance on and investment in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
Betamethasone versus dexamethasone for inpatient preschool wheezing—A case‐control study
Authors: Gileles‐Hillel Alex , Guttman Sharon , Breuer Oded , Reiter Joel , Leshem Regina , Shoseyov David , Kerem Eitan , Cohen‐Cymberknoh Malena 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWheezing is one of the most common reasons for the presentation of children to primary care or the emergency ward, before 7 years of age. Current guidelines recommend a short course of oral corticosteroids (OCS) for those children with a wheezing attack severe enough to require hospitalization. However, the optimal choice of therapy is controversial. We aimed to compare the efficacy of betamethasone to that of dexamethasone in achieving clinical response in preschool children requiring hospitalization for an acute wheezing attack.MethodsThis was a retrospective study. Medical records of healthy children without significant comorbidities between 1 and 7 years of age (n = 234) admitted with a moderate‐severity acute wheezing attack to two pediatric wards between 2014 and 2018 were included. All children were treated with either betamethasone or dexamethasone exclusively during the hospitalization. The primary outcome of interest was the length of hospital stay (LOS).ResultsThe demographic parameters and the clinical severity of wheezing episodes were similar in the two study groups, as was the LOS. However, the dexamethasone cumulative dose used during hospitalization was significantly larger than the betamethasone cumulative dose (3.76 (1.88–5.64) vs. 1.86 (1.24–3.1) mg/kg of prednisone‐equivalent dose, p < .001).ConclusionIn preschool children with acute wheezing requiring hospitalization, betamethasone achieved a similar clinical response when compared to dexamethasone, with a lower cumulative steroid dose. Further studies are needed to understand the additional benefits of betamethasone over other steroids or placebo.
Telemedicine in children with medical complexity on home ventilation during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Onofri Alessandro , Pavone Martino , De Santis Simone , Verrillo Elisabetta , Caggiano Serena , Ullmann Nicola , Cutrera Renato 
Published: February 2021

AbstractChildren with medical complexity (CMC) are patients with one or more complex chronic conditions dependent on medical technologies. In our unit (Pediatric Pulmonology and Respiratory Intermediate Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, “Bambino Gesù” Children's Hospital and Research Institute), we regularly follow‐up CMC patients, particularly children on long‐term, invasive (IMV) or noninvasive (NIV), ventilation. Children suffering from chronic diseases and with medical complexity have lost the possibility to go to the hospital during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The aim of this article is to describe our experience with telemedicine (teleconsultation [TC] and telemonitoring of ventilator [TM]) in CMC on ventilation. We presented 21 children on long‐term ventilation (NIV or IMV) whose planned hospital admission was postponed due to lockdown. A total of 12 healthcare problems were detected during scheduled TCs. Only one problem was not solved by our remote intervention. Specifically, TM has allowed us to change the ventilator parameters and to monitor patients on ventilation remotely. In conclusion, the use of telemedicine in CMC ventilated patients resulted in a feasible tool to avoid in‐person visits during the pandemic.
Quantifying the circulation induced by convective clouds in kilometer‐scale simulations
Authors: Oertel Annika , Schemm Sebastian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe complex coupling between the large‐scale atmospheric circulation, which is explicitly resolved in modern numerical weather and climate models, and cloud‐related diabatic processes, which are parameterized, is an important source of error in weather predictions and climate projections. To quantify the interactions between clouds and the large‐scale circulation, a method is employed that attributes a far‐ and near‐field circulation to the cloud system. The method reconstructs the cloud‐induced flow based on estimates of vorticity and divergence over a limited domain and does not require the definition of a background flow. It is subsequently applied to 12‐ and 2‐km simulations of convective clouds, which form within the large‐scale cloud band ahead of the upper‐level jet associated with an extratropical cyclone over the North Atlantic. The cloud‐induced circulation is directed against the jet, reaches up to 10 m·s−1, and compares well between both simulations. The flow direction is in agreement with what can be expected from a vorticity dipole that forms in the vicinity of the clouds. Hence, in the presence of embedded convection, the wind speed does not steadily decrease away from the jet, as it does in cloud‐free regions, but exhibits a pronounced negative anomaly, which can now be explained by the cloud‐induced circulation. Furthermore, the direction of the reconstructed circulation suggests that the cloud induces a flow that counteracts its advection by the jet. Convective clouds therefore propagate more slowly than their surroundings, which may affect the distribution of precipitation. The method could be used to compare cloud‐induced flow at different resolutions and between different parameterizations.