bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Fragile X-Associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome in Patients with Cerebellar Ataxia in Japan
Authors: Higuchi Yujiro , Ando Masahiro , Yoshimura Akiko , Hakotani Satoshi , Koba Yuki , Sakiyama Yusuke , Hiramatsu Yu , Tashiro Yuichi , Maki Yoshimitsu , Hashiguchi Akihiro , Yuan Junhui , Okamoto Yuji , Matsuura Eiji , Takashima Hiroshi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe presence of fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) premutation has been linked to patients with a certain type of cerebellar ataxia, the fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). However, its prevalence in Japan has yet to be clarified. The aim of the present study is to determine the prevalence of FXTAS in Japanese patients with cerebellar ataxia and to describe their clinical characteristics. DNA samples were collected from 1328 Japanese patients with cerebellar ataxia, referred for genetic diagnosis. Among them, 995 patients with negative results for the most common spinocerebellar ataxia subtypes were screened for FMR1 premutation. Comprehensive clinical and radiological analyses were performed for the patients harbouring FMR1 premutation. We herein identified FMR1 premutation from one female and two male patients, who satisfied both clinical and radiological criteria of FXTAS (0.3%; 3/995) as well. Both male patients presented with high signal intensity of corticomedullary junction on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, a finding comparable to that of neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease. The female patient mimicked multiple system atrophy in the early stages of her disease and developed aseptic meningitis with a suspected immune-mediated mechanism after the onset of FXTAS, which made her unique. Despite the lower prevalence rate in Japan than the previous reports in other countries, the present study emphasises the necessity to consider FXTAS with undiagnosed ataxia, regardless of men or women, particularly for those cases presenting with similar clinical and radiological findings with multiple system atrophy or neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease.
Integrating the soybean-maize-chicken value chains to attain nutritious diets in Tanzania
Authors: Wilson Wilson Charles , Slingerland Maja , Baijukya Frederick P. , van Zanten Hannah , Oosting Simon , Giller Ken E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn Tanzania, diets are dominated by starchy staple crops such as maize, levels of malnutrition are high and largely attributed to lack of dietary diversity. We employed fuzzy cognitive mapping to understand the current soybean, maize and chicken value chains, to highlight stakeholder relationships and to identify entry points for value chain integration to support nutritious diets in Tanzania. The fuzzy cognitive maps were constructed based on information gathered during household interviews with 569 farming households, followed by a participatory workshop with 54 stakeholders involved in the three value chains. We found that the soybean, maize and chicken value chains were interconnected, particularly at the level of the smallholder farming systems and at processing facilities. Smallholder farming households were part of one or more value chains. Chicken feed is an important entry point for integrating the three value chains, as maize and soybean meal are the main sources of energy and protein for chicken. Unlike maize, the utilization of soybean in chicken feed is limited, mainly due to inadequate quality of processing of soybean grain into meal. As a result, the soybean grain produced by smallholders is mainly exported to neighbouring countries for further processing, and soybean meal is imported at relatively high prices. Enhancing local sourcing and adequate processing of soybean, coupled with strengthening the integration of smallholder farmers with other soybean, maize and chicken value chain actors offers an important opportunity to improve access to nutritious diets for local people. Our method revealed the importance of interlinkages that integrate the value chains into a network within domestic markets.
Cancer chemoprevention through Frizzled receptors and EMT
Authors: Sompel K. , Elango A. , Smith A. J. , Tennis M. A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFrizzled (FZD) transmembrane receptors are well known for their role in β-catenin signaling and development and now understanding of their role in the context of cancer is growing. FZDs are often associated with the process of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) through β-catenin, but some also influence EMT through non-canonical pathways. With ten different FZDs, there is a wide range of activity from oncogenic to tumor suppressive depending on the tissue context. Alterations in FZD signaling can occur during development of premalignant lesions, supporting their potential as targets of chemoprevention agents. Agonizing or antagonizing FZD activity may affect EMT, which is a key process in lesion progression often targeted by chemoprevention agents. Recent studies identified a specific FZD as important for activity of an EMT inhibiting chemopreventive agent and other studies have highlighted the previously unrecognized potential for targeting small molecules to FZD receptors. This work demonstrates the value of investigating FZDs in chemoprevention and here we provide a review of FZDs in cancer EMT and their potential as chemoprevention targets.
Explicit meshfree $${{\varvec{u}}}-{{\varvec{p}}}_\mathbf{\mathrm{w}}$$ solution of the dynamic Biot formulation at large strain
Authors: Navas Pedro , Molinos Miguel , Stickle Miguel M. , Manzanal Diego , Yagüe Angel , Pastor Manuel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper, an efficient and robust methodology to simulate saturated soils subjected to low-medium frequency dynamic loadings under large deformation regime is presented. The coupling between solid and fluid phases is solved through the dynamic reduced formulation $$u-p_\mathrm{w}$$

u
-

p
w

(solid displacement – pore water pressure) of the Biot’s equations. The additional novelty lies in the employment of an explicit two-steps Newmark predictor-corrector time integration scheme that enables accurate solutions of related geomechanical problems at large strain without the usually high computational cost associated with the implicit counterparts. Shape functions based on the elegant Local Maximum Entropy approach, through the Optimal Transportation Meshfree framework, are considered to solve numerically different dynamic problems in fluid saturated porous media.
The Immigration Puzzle in Italy: A Survey of Evidence and Facts
Authors: Mariani Rama Dasi , Pasquini Alessandra , Rosati Furio Camillo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRecently in Italy immigration has been at the centre of public debates. Nonetheless, the still growing literature has focused mainly on the experience of old settlement countries and has looked at single aspects of the phenomenon. In order to guide effective local policy intervention, we offer an exhaustive view of immigration in Italy. We combine the presentation of stylized facts from available data, based on descriptive analyses, with a review of existing studies. Our conclusions tell that evidence available for Italy does not match the policy relevance of the issue and also identify areas where solid evidence is needed.
A Study of Innovative Alkali-Activated Binders for Soil Stabilisation in the Context of Engineering Sustainability and Circular Economy
Authors: Mavroulidou M. , Gray C. , Gunn M. J. , Pantoja-Muñoz L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the context of sustainability in the civil engineering industry, chemical ground improvement is becoming increasingly used, as a generally more sustainable alternative to replacing and landfilling unsuitable for construction ground. However, traditional soil stabilisers such as Portland cement or lime are not environmentally impact-free; international research effort is thus focusing on the development of innovative cementing agents. This paper presents results from a feasibility study on the development of suitable alkali-activated slag cements for the stabilisation of two soils. A number of alkali-activators were considered, comprising potassium hydroxide, a range of alkali salts, as well as a material retrieved from waste (Paper Sludge Ash, PSA) which contains free lime. Indicative results of an extensive parametric study in terms of unconfined compressive strength (UCS) are shown, followed by results of ongoing oedometer tests to determine soil compressibility and some preliminary tests on selected soil/binder mixes to observe the durability to wetting-drying cycles. Overall, all alkali-activated cement mixes increased the UCS and stiffness of the soil. Carbonates and Na2SiO3 used on their own gave lower strength increases. The highest strengths were achieved from AAC with KOH and Ca(OH)2 from PSA, which showed similar strength gain. The latter material has shown consistently a lot of promise in terms of strength, stiffness and volumetric stability of the soil as well as treatment durability. Ongoing research focuses on further mix optimisation and a comprehensive mechanical and durability property testing supported by material analysis (mineralogical, chemical and microstructural) to gain a better understanding of the complex mechanisms involved.
Borehole multi-functional logger for geophysical high-precision monitoring in Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets and glaciers
Authors: Markov Aleksey , Talalay Pavel , Sysoev Mikhail , Miller Andrey , Cherepakhin Alexander 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article presents the main aspects of the design solutions (based on the application of sensors MEMS and cantilevers), testing and applying of the multi-functional borehole logger ANTTIC (Antarctic Thermo-barometer, Inclinometer, Caliper) for geophysical high-precision monitoring (when simultaneous registering of temperature, pressure, axis inclination angle and radii of borehole cross-sections at 12 points), which is designed specifically for ultra-low temperatures and ultra-high pressures, and to determine an elliptical borehole shape and registration anisotropy factor in deep ice boreholes in the central region of Eastern Antarctica, in the areas of dome A at the Kunlun station (China) and/or of lake Vostok at the Vostok station (Russia).
Reflections on The American Renaissance 1876–1917 exhibition
Authors: Wilson Richard Guy 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTThis article considers the origins, both scholarly and personal, of The American Renaissance 1876–1917 exhibition (1979) and the accompanying book catalogue, setting them in the context of architectural and cultural developments in the United States from the 1940s to the 1970s. It traces how the exhibition came about, what it was trying to achieve and how it was received, both at the time and subsequently. It shows that the exhibition was not conceived as an attack on modernism as such or as a work of architectural conservatism. Rather, it was an attempt to rescue from obscurity an entire chapter of American architectural history that had been excluded by the modernising narratives of Henry-Russell Hitchcock, Vincent Scully and others, and to reassess what this architecture might contribute to the present.
The Gilded Interior: French Style and American Renaissance
Authors: Jenkins Laura C. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTIn the decades around the turn of the twentieth century, New York was seized by a passion for things French in interior decoration. The influx of French eighteenth-century decorative arts from London and Paris exerted a powerful influence over the imaginations of a new millionaire class, while the emergence of the professional dealer-decorator established channels for the incorporation of these materials into the luxury residence. While these interiors were developed in collaboration with leading US architects such as Richard Morris Hunt and George B. Post, they also posed a subtle challenge to the discourse of intellectualism developed on architects’ behalf. Governed by issues of taste and commerce as well as by artistic judgement, these French interiors presented a compelling vision of aristocratic stature that was at once in keeping, and in conflict, with the aspirations of an American Renaissance. This article considers the role of eighteenth-century French-style interiors in the articulation of a ‘civilised’ architectural tradition in the United States during the so-called Gilded Age. Focusing on the private mansion, it reconsiders the notion of the American Renaissance as a principally academic movement by calling attention to the ways in which it also responded to the requirements of the elite class as well as the commercial marketplace.
The American Renaissance in the West: Capital, Class and Culture Along the Northern Pacific Railroad
Authors: Solomonson Katherine 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTWealth from western investments lit up the Gilded Age. East and West, it financed the mansions, balls and philanthropy that were integral to upper-class culture. Historians of capitalism have argued that a national upper class coalesced during the late nineteenth century and that the development of a common culture was essential to its formation. Much of this work has focused on the Northeast. How did this play out in the Trans-Mississippi West? This article explores the roles that architects and the buildings they designed played in the intertwined processes of class formation, capitalist expansion and the advancement of white settler colonialism in the American West. It begins in the early 1880s, when Henry Villard (1835–1900), president of the Northern Pacific Railway, launched an ambitious plan to complete the transcontinental railroad and enlisted the architects McKim, Mead & White and their assistant, Cass Gilbert (1859–1934), to design buildings of all kinds along the line — an unprecedented move for a new western railroad. It then follows Gilbert back to St Paul to examine two major projects, one for local clients and one for Villard’s colleague, the eastern capitalist William Endicott, Jr (1826–1914). As agents for eastern capitalists and their counterparts in the West, the architects and the buildings they designed activated in the West an elite aesthetic and professional culture initially generated in the Northeast. Operating across local, regional and national scales, they contributed to the expansion of capitalist markets, the formation of a national upper class and, more broadly, the processes of settler colonialism in a rapidly changing region.
Impact of the COVID-19 Epidemic on the Routine Emergency Services in a Tertiary Hospital, China: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Liang Lianjing , Zhang Zhuo , Li Ping , Weng Shanshan , Nie Hu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground:The sudden outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has caused tremendous challenges to the medical system. The government and hospitals have taken robust measures to curb the spread of the deadly virus. Its impact on routine medical services is gradually being taken seriously.Objective:To identify the impact of the novel Coronavirus pandemic on emergency department (ED) patient flow and the performance of the routine ED service.Methods:This retrospective cohort study was undertaken in a tertiary public teaching hospital ED in Chengdu, China. ED data of patients were routinely collected to compare demographic, clinical characteristics and outcomes during an 8-week period from January 1, 2019 to February 25, 2020. Data were analyzed with the chi-square statistical test.Results:Over the study periods, there were 31855 and 25244 patients presented to the ED in 2019 and 2020 respectively. During the pandemic period in 2020, the daily number of average ED visits was lower than that in 2019 (430 ± 134.9 versus 572 ± 38.6,P= 0.00), with fewer triage 1&2 cases (145 ± 33.3 versus 178 ± 15.0,P= 0.00). Nevertheless, the mortality increased remarkably during the pandemic period in 2020 (0.2% versus 0.1%,P= 0.009), with higher APACHE II scores (28 versus 19,P= 0.022) and shorter ED elapsed time (0.2 versus 1.4 days,P= 0.016) among these death cases.Conclusions:The COVID-19 pandemic had an evident impact on the patient’s behavioral patterns and routine emergency services, which caused higher ED mortality.
Variation in antibiotic use among neonatal intensive care units in the United States
Authors: Spencer Hillary J.J. , Dantuluri Keerti L. , Thurm Cary , Griffith Hannah , Grijalva Carlos G. , Banerjee Ritu , Howard Leigh M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAntibiotics are widely used in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of antibiotic use across US NICUs to evaluate overall, broad-spectrum, and combination antibiotic use. Patterns of antibiotic use varied by medical versus surgical service line, hospital, and geographic location.
CeutorhynchusGermar (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) as proxy for Eocene core Brassicaceae: first record of the genus from Rovno amber
Authors: Legalov Andrei A. , Nazarenko Vitaliy Yu. , Vasilenko Dmitry V. , Perkovsky Evgeny E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe beetleCeutorhynchusis used as a proxy for Eocene core Brassicaceae. The age of Brassicaceae has been strongly debated because their fossil record is scanty. There are four species ofCeutorhynchus inaffectatusspecies-group known in the Priabonian:Ceutorhynchus zerovaenew species in Rovno amber and three in Baltic amber. There are numerous extant members of the group, all of which feed on core Brassicaceae. Together with differentiation of Brassicaceae-feeding Pierinae (Lepidoptera) in the Priabonian, the strong presence ofCeutorhynchusindicates at least an early Priabonian age of core Brassicaceae. The oldest fossil Brassicaceae is not known in the late Eocene of Europe, but was recorded in Montana, dated in some studies as late Oligocene, but recently as Priabonian (34 Ma).Ceutorhynchus zerovaen. sp. is very close toC.electrinusfrom Baltic amber.UUID:http://zoobank.org/7f10761f-463d-44c5-9eef-bb4697bfb116.
The evaluation of facial nerve canal diameter in patients with ipsilateral recurrent idiopathic peripheral facial paralysis
Authors: Yagiz O , Pekcevik Y , Arslan Y , Arslan I B , Cukurova I 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluated the effects of the diameter of facial canal segments on the ipsilateral recurrence of idiopathic peripheral facial paralysis.MethodThis study enrolled 20 patients with ipsilateral recurrent idiopathic peripheral facial paralysis. Measurements were made at the meatal foramen and mid-level of the labyrinthine segment and the narrowest and widest diameters of the mastoid and tympanic segments using the curved planar reformation technique with high-resolution computed tomography.ResultsThe diameters of the labyrinthine segment measured at the meatal foramen and mid-level segments and the narrowest and widest diameters of the tympanic and mastoid segments on the recurrent paralytic side were significantly smaller than the diameters of the segments on the healthy side.ConclusionThe narrowness of the facial canal segments may be a risk factor in recurrent idiopathic peripheral facial paralysis.
The impact of roads on the movement of arboreal fauna in protected areas: the case of lar and pileated gibbons in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand
Authors: Asensio Norberto , Kachanan Jakkrit , Saralamba Chanpen , José-Domínguez Juan Manuel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe unavoidable impact of roads on arboreal fauna in protected areas has received little attention. We investigated this impact on two gibbon species in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand: two groups had home ranges traversed by roads (roadside groups) and another two lived nearby roads (interior groups). Roads partially delineated the edges of home ranges of roadside groups, and gibbons crossed them only at a few locations. Gibbons’ space use decreased near roads for roadside groups and showed road reluctance as their crossing rates were smaller than those produced by a null movement model. Generalised linear models (GLMs) indicated that a long canopy gap reduced gibbons’ crossing probability, whereas forest cover had a positive effect. A large part of the road network had a low probability of being crossed by gibbons according to GLMs, especially at areas around park headquarters. Roads were still relatively permeable to gibbon movement with a mean 35% crossing probability. The relatively short and narrow road network in the park constitutes a positive assessment of the standards of how roads should be built in protected areas. Nonetheless, this assessment might be the consequence of the park being set in a mountainous region with difficulties of road development.
Happiness in the tropics: climate variables and subjective wellbeing
Authors: Zapata Oscar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractChanges in climatic patterns are expected to have significant effects on health and wellbeing. However, the literature on the effect of climate on subjective wellbeing remains scant and existing studies focus mostly on developed countries or cross-country analyses. This paper aims to identify the relationship between climate conditions on happiness after controlling for individual and social characteristics. Ecuador, a geographically fragmented country with varying climate conditions across municipalities, constitutes an ideal case study to assess the effect of climate variables on happiness. We employ a cross-section analysis to identify the effect of temperature, precipitation and humidity on happiness. The paper shows that climate conditions constitute an important determinant of people's subjective wellbeing. The results also suggest that income and education attenuate the effect of temperature on happiness and that substantial differences are observed depending on whether places are hot/humid or cold/dry.
The relationship between dietary intake and stunting among pre-school children in Upper Egypt
Authors: Mahfouz Eman Mohamed , Sameh Mohammed Eman , Alkilany Shaza Fadel , Abdel Rahman Tarek Ahmed 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjective:Linear growth is controlled by several factors, malnutrition is one of the leading causes of stunted child growth. The objective of this study was to determine the dietary intakes associated with stunting among pre-school children in rural Upper Egypt.Design:Community-based cross-sectional studySetting:Data were collected by interviewing the children’s caregivers in the rural household setting.Participants:The study included 497 pre-school children aged 2–5 years in rural Upper Egypt. Food intake data were estimated using 24-h recall method. Anthropometric measurements of children were taken and then converted to z-scores for weight-for-age Z-score, height-for-age Z-score and weight-for-height Z-score.Results:The study included 497 children of which 19·1 % were stunted, 76·3 % did not meet recommended energetic intake and 13·7 % did not meet recommended protein intake and this was significantly higher than non-stunted children. Children who were stunted significantly consumed poultry, eggs and fruits less often than non-stunted children, by regression; male sex (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1·91), mother’s age (0·93), lower socio-economic status (SES); and not meeting recommended protein intake (aOR = 2·26) were found to be associated with stunting.Conclusion:Male sex, younger mothers, lower SES and not meeting recommended energy and protein were statistically associated with stunting. Nutrition education messages encouraging adequate and healthy eating are recommended.