bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross Polarized Spectacles in Photosensitive Epilepsy
Authors: Jain Sunila , Woodruff Geoffrey , Bissessar E A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Purpose: To investigate the role of cross polarized spectacles in the treatment of photosensitivity demonstrable by EEG.
Method: Patients receiving an EEG who tested positive for photosensitivity were invited to participate in the study. The most sensitive light flicker frequency causing a photic response was determined for each patient. Stimulation was repeated with 2 different pairs of spectacles-1 conventionally polarized and the other cross polarized. An EEG was obtained in each case and reported by a neurophysiologist who was unaware of the identity of the 2 types of spectacles.
Results: We tested 19 patients, 8 to 18 years of age. Two patients did not benefit from either pair of glasses. In 17 patients, the photic response was greatly diminished or eliminated by polarizing spectacles. In 1 patient, conventional polarized glasses helped, but the cross polarized spectacles did not. In 6 patients, both types of spectacles were equally effective; in 10 patients, cross polarized spectacles were more effective than conventionally polarized spectacles.
Conclusion: The role of cross polarized spectacles in the management of photosensitivity in a clinical situation merits further investigation.
Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2001;38:331-334.
Pattern-Reversal Visual Evoked Potential in Children With Congenital Zika Syndrome
Authors: Almeida Luan F. B. , Kattah Marisa , Ventura Liana O. , Gois Adriana L. , Rocha Camilla , Andrade Camila G. , Mendonza-Santiesteban Carlos , Ventura Camila V. 
Published: April 2021

Purpose:
To objectively evaluate the visual function in children with congenital Zika syndrome using pattern-reversal visual evoked potential (PR-VEP).

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study composed of two patient groups: children aged between 18 and 24 months who were positive for the Zika virus (congenital Zika syndrome group) and age-matched healthy children (control group). All patients underwent a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination and PR-VEP was performed binocularly in a room with constant dim illumination. The P100 peak time in the 60' arc stimuli was used, and the results were correlated with visual acuity, cephalic perimeter at birth, and funduscopic findings.

Results:

Thirty-seven children were included in the congenital Zika syndrome group and 15 in the control group. The mean age was 18.5 ± 0.9 months (range: 17 to 20 months) in the congenital Zika syndrome group and 24.3 ± 1.6 months (range: 21 to 28 months) in the control group. The P100 response was normal in 7 patients (18.9%) with congenital Zika syndrome, borderline in 2 (5.4%), abnormal with prolonged latency in 18 (48.6%), and abnormal with no response in 10 (27.0%). A significant correlation between the visual acuity and P100 peak time was observed (
P
< .001). The P100 values were not correlated significantly with the cephalic perimeter at birth (
P
= .412) or the funduscopic findings (
P
= .510). PR-VEP in children with congenital Zika syndrome and no funduscopic findings was significantly worse than in the control group (
P
= .001).

Conclusions:
Children with congenital Zika syndrome have characteristically abnormal PR-VEPs regardless of the funduscopic findings and severe microcephaly. The PR-VEP findings supported the diagnosis of cortical visual impairment in these children.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2021;58(2):78–83.]
Accuracy of Intraocular Lens Power Calculation in Children With Vitrectomized Eyes Undergoing Cataract Surgery
Authors: Agarkar Sumita , Mailankody Swathi , Srinivasan Ramyaa , Raman Rajiv 
Published: April 2021

Purpose:
To assess the predictability of desired postoperative refractive outcomes using the SRK-II formula for intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation in children undergoing cataract surgery in eyes with a previous pars plana vitrectomy (PPV).

Methods:
In this retrospective study, 68 eyes of 66 children who underwent cataract surgery and IOL implantation in eyes that had previous vitrectomy between January 2008 and December 2017 were included. Data were collected on preoperative and postoperative characteristics. The Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and multinominal logistic regression were used for comparing the results.

Results:

Absolute prediction error (APE) in the cohort was 1.29 ± 1.13. Desirable refractive outcome with insignificant prediction error of less than 0.50 diopters (D) was found in approximately one-third of the children. Patients were further subdivided by magnitude of APE as ≥ 0.50 to ≤ 1.00 D and > 1.00 D. Age at the time of surgery, axial length, mean keratometry, silicone oil removal, IOL position, scleral buckle, and corneal suture did not affect APE and there was no significant difference between the groups (
P
> .05).

Conclusions:
The mean APE of the SRK-II formula for IOL power calculation in pediatric eyes that had vitrectomy is comparable to that reported in the literature for routine pediatric cataract surgeries. Factors such as age, axial length, corneal power, IOL position (bag/sulcus), scleral buckle, corneal suture, and silicone oil removal done prior to surgery or along with cataract surgery did not affect the APE.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2021;58(2):126–131.]
PILOT STUDY RESULTS: The Psychiatric RN Case Manager
Authors: Van Dongen Carol J , Jambunathan Jaya 
Published: April 2021

"The common measure of health care delivery services today from a clinical perspective is the quality of care provided. . . quality provides stability. . . quality serves as the balancé that demonstrates professional commitment to patient care" (Beyers, 1988). There is also a growing consensus that the quality of care be defined by the recipient of that care (Hölzerner, 1990).
Providing quality health care is one of the goals of nursing case management, in addition to enhancing clients' quality of life and cost containment (American Nurses Association, 1988). The American Nurses Association (ANA) states that "case management optimizes clients' self-care capability and promotes efficient use of resources. . . and the goals of case management are the provision of quality health care" (1988).
Although a number of outcome studies have been done on the cost effectiveness of case management for psychiatric clients, few have been done on client satisfaction and quality; of care (Bond, 1988; Borland, 1989; Goering, 1988). Hence, it is especially important to examine client satisfaction with the RN case management model to enhance the quality of care.
In this article, the results of a recently conducted pUot study related to the role of the registered nurse case manager (RNCM) and quality of care as perceived by clients, psychiatrists, and the RNCM will be reported.
Caring in forensic nursing: Expanding the holistic model
Authors: Hammer Rita 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Nurses have practiced forensic nursing for many years without formal recognition of the domain as a discipline for specialized study. Forensic nursing expands the traditional concept of holism to include the medical-legal aspects of potential or actual client problems. The American Nurses Association (ANA) and the International Association of Forensic Nurses (IAFN) recently have designated forensic nursing as a unique specialty. Recognition of forensic nursing as a specialty area of practice within nursing mandates that the specialty define and explicate its major conceptual base. A concept germane to the practice of forensic nursing is that of caring. Caring as a central concept to the role of this specialty is discussed, and the implications for its inclusion in a curriculum preparing forensic nurses are explored.
Learning From Extremism in the History of Mental Health
Authors: Mohr Wanda K 
Published: April 2021

The Example of Multiple Personality Disorder
ABSTRACT
This article reviews some of the history of the cultural forces that shaped the diagnosis of multiple personality disorder/dissociative identity disorder and the subsequent abuses that occurred at the time of its popularization. Some of the implications that can be drawn from these kinds of historical excesses in the field of mental health will be discussed. The article concludes by underscoring the ethical obligation inherent in maintaining healthy professional skepticism toward ideas driven by ideology and fad, rather than scientific empiricism.
Mastering Group LEADERSHIP: An Active Learning Experience
Authors: Scheick Dawn M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Leading therapeutic groups is an underused but viable treatment role for nurses in all specialty areas. A dynamic psychoeducational group model provides structure as nurses invest and collaboratively participate to actively learn the group leader role. This article highlights the sequencing of instruction of group theory and skills with examples from a baccalaureate nursing curriculum. Samples from student journals reveal their growing assimilation of the group leader role as learners actively participated in groups, collaborated, and reflected on their learning. Examples of creatively adapted group exercises, as well as selected nursing group leader interventions, demonstrate group leadership as a skill that can increase nurses' repertoire of therapeutic responses.
Psychiatric Nursing & Medication Adherence
Authors: Kemppainen Jeanne K , Buffum Marti , Wike Greg , Kestner Michael , Zappe Carol , Hopkins Roberta , Chambers Kristi Haney , Morrow Mary , Bartlebaugh Patti 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A survey was developed to determine whether the rapidly changing context of mental health care has significantly influenced how psychiatric nurses assess and intervene in issues related to medication adherence. A sample of 126 psychiatric nurses working in Veterans Affairs mental health treatment facilities in northern California, Hawaii, and Nevada identified the most effective methods for tracking medication adherence, as well as successful adherence interventions. Despite the challenges imposed by changing work environments, psychiatric nurses use creative and innovative approaches to improve their patients' medication adherence. Interventions for enhancing patient adherence with prescribed regimens are identified. Essential role dimensions related to medication adherence defined by the nurses in this survey included providing medication education, tracking patient adherence, assessing medication effectiveness, providing individualized, tailored adherence interventions, and collaborating with other health care providers in medication planning. Study findings support using nurses to their full potential and highlight nurses' need for more educational opportunities and consultation with experts (e.g., clinical pharmacists).
Correction of High Myopia With the Worst Myopia Claw Intraocular Lens
Authors: Landesz Monika , Worst Jan G F , Siertsema Jaap V , van Rij Gabriel 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Phakic anterior chamber lenses is one of the modalities used to correct high myopia. We report the initial results of our prospective study on the Worst myopia claw intraocular lens (IOL) that is fixated to the anterior iris.
METHODS: We studied 35 eyes in 18 patients with a preoperative myopia ranging frota - ß.00 to -28.00 diopters (D). The follow up ranged from 6 months (n = 15) to 12 months (n=20).
RESULTS: In 26 (74.3%) eyes, the postoperative spherical equivalent refractive error was within 1.00 D of emmetropia. The mean refraction was stable between 1 to 2 months and 12 months. The mean spectacle-corrected visual acuity improved from 20/50 to 20/40. The straylight measurements did not show a significant increase postoperatively (p = .64). The mean endothelial cell loss was 5.6% (range, +6.3% to -22.6%) at 6 months, and 8.9% (range, +0.77% to -23.5%) at 12 months. We did not encounter major complications.
CONCLUSION: Implanting a Worst myopia claw IOL in high myopic eyes resulted in a stable, reasonably accurate refractive outcome. This group of patients will be followed longer because of concern over ocular complications with this technique. [J Refract Surg. 1995;11:16-25.]
Tear Fluid Cellular Fibronectin Levels After Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Virtanen Tuula , Ylätupa Sari , Mertaniemi Päivi , Partanen Paul , Tuunanen Tiina , Tervo Timo 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Fibronectin is supposed to have an important role in wound healing. The extradomain A-containing cellular fibronectin (EDAcFn) refers to fibronectin, which instead of being a hepatocyte derived component of blood plasma or body fluids, is produced locally. The present study was undertaken to clarify the possible changes in excretion of EDAcFn in tears following excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).
METHODS: An immunoassay was used to determine EDAcFn concentrations in human tear fluid samples of 11 eyes after PRK. Tear fluids were collected with scaled microcapillaries preoperatively as well as 1, 2, and 7 days after PRK. The time used to collect a known volume of tears was registered. This was done to estimate the dilution effect related to the hypersecretion of tears after PRK.
RESULTS: The mean preoperative tear fluid EDAcFn concentration was 0.28 ± 0.07 ng/µl with a wide range (0.05 to 0.63). The tear fluid flow-corrected excretion of EDAcFn was 1.36 ± 0.35 ng/min (range, 0.145 to 3.50). There was a significant increase in both postoperative tear fluid flow and excretion of EDAcFn on days 1 and 2. The elevation of the mean EDAcFn concentration did not decrease in spite of reflex tearing. The mean excretion of EDAcFn in tears was 28-fold on the first and 17-fold on the second postoperative day. Normal level was reached by day 7.
CONCLUSION: There is a rapid increase in excretion of EDAcFn in tears following PRK. This seems to last only as long as an epithelial defect persists. The epithelium of all eyes healed in 3 to 4 days in spite of wide interindividual variations in both tear fluid flow and EDAcFn excretion. [J Refract Surg. 1995;11:106-112.]
Three-Year Results of Photorefractive Keratectomy for Myopia
Authors: Kim Jae Ho , Sah Woo Jin , Kim Man Soo , Lee Young Chun , Park Chan Kee 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We evaluated the results of single-step photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) on 35 consecutive myopic eyes (19 patients) with follow up of 3 years or more. The range of preoperative myopia was from -2.00 diopters (D) to -6.00 D with astigmatism of less than 1.50 D. The excimer laser used in this study was the ExciMed UV 200LA, (Summit Technology), which was set to a maximum correction of - 6.00 D at a 5.0-mm diameter ablation zone. Uncorrected visual acuity better than 20/25 was achieved in 82.9% of eyes. Spectacle corrected visual acuity was equal to or better than that of preoperative levels in 94.3%. The difference between attempted and achieved correction was within 1.00 D in 60.0% of eyes. The myopic regression curve was Y =3.679-0.6876 log (X). If the regression remains constant, we expect that refraction at 5 years after PRK would be -1.48 D.
Trace corneal haze was present in 12 eyes (34.3%). At three years the most common subjective complaint was mild decreased night vision with asthenopia. The findings suggest that myopic regression can occur as long as 3 years after PRK. [J Refract Surg. 1995;11(suppl.):S248-S252.]
Photorefractive Keratectomy for 1.5 to 18 Diopters of Myopia
Authors: Hamberg-Nyström Helene , Fagerholm Per , Sjöholm Carlos , Tengroth Björn 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the refractive outcome and the stability of refraction after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).
Forty-five eyes were treated in three different refractive groups: low myopes, 23 eyes, - 1.50 diopters (D) to - 6.00 D; intermediate myopes, 14 eyes, -6.10 D to - 10.00 D; and high myopes, 8 eyes, -10.10 D to - 18.00 D.
At 9 months after surgery the low myopes had a mean refraction of - 0.14 D (range - 1.00 D to + 1.50 D) and were easy to refract. Intermediate myopes mean refraction was +0.14 D (range - 1.50 D to + 2.50 D). In the high myope group the mean refraction was - 0.47 D (range - 10.00 D to + 2.50 D) and four eyes (50%) lost more than two lines of spectacle corrected visual acuity. Refraction the high myopes was more difficult compared to the lower myopes.
PRK produced good results for myopes from - 1.50 D to - 10.00 D. Myopes greater than - 10.00D are not stable at 9 months after PRK and are difficult to refract. [J Refract Surg. 1995;11 (suppl.):S265-S267.]
Photorefractive Keratectomy for Undercorrected Myopia After Radial Keratotomy: Two-Year Follow Up
Authors: Lee Young Chun , Park Chan Kee , Sah Woo Jin , Hahn Tae Won , Kim Man Soo , Kim Jae Ho 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We evaluated the clinical results of excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) on 18 myopic eyes of 13 patients with residual myopia after radial keratotomy.
Follow up was 24 months or more and the time interval between radial keratotomy and PRK ranged from 12 to 94 months. Patients were divided into two groups for analysis based on their preoperative myopia: group 1 (-6.00 diopters (D) or less), group 2 (more than -6.00 D). Uncorrected visual acuity at 2 years follow up was 20/40 or better in 86% (group 1) and 50% (group 2). Mean manifest refractive change was from -3.55 D to -0.91 D in group 1 and from -7.44 D to - 2.50 D in group 2. Predictability within 1.00 D between attempted and achieved correction was 71.4% (group 1) and 80% (group 2).
Most complications were transient except decreased spectacle corrected visual acuity in one eye-a complication also reported by others. Glare (61%) and decreased vision at night (50%) were the most troublesome subjective symptoms.
These results show that previous radial keratotomy may not influence the myopic correction of PRK. Planned two-stage myopic correction (PRK after radial keratotomy) in high myopia can be considered a useful technique. [J Refract Surg. 1995;11(suppl.):S274-S279.]
Excimer Photorefractive Keratectomy After Undercorrected Radial Keratotomy
Authors: Kwitko Marvin L , Gow James A , Bellavance François , Woo Gie 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Radial keratotomy has been used for the treatment of myopia since 1979. Until recently, patients with undercorrected myopia had recourse only to repeated keratotomy. Now patients undercorrected after two or more radial keratotomy procedures can be treated with the excimer laser to reduce the residual myopia.
Nineteen eyes of 17 patients with undercorrected myopia after repeated radial had excimer photoradial keratectomy performed.
The mean residual spherical equivalent refractive error after radial keratotomy was - 2.74 ± 1.06 diopters (D). This was further reduced after PRK. Final uncorrected visual acuity ranged from 20/20 to 20/70.
Excimer laser PRK offers a safe and more controlled method of treating residual after radial keratotomy. [J Refract Surg. 1995;11(suppl.):S280S283.]
Increasing the Number of Photorefractive Keratectomy Procedures From a Single Excimer Laser Gas Fill
Authors: Janakiraman P , Rajendran Babu 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Excimer laser ablative procedures are an expensive proposition for both the patient and the user. The high capital expenditure and the cost of consumables, notably the argon-fluoride gas, makes it imperative to achieve maximum utilization in terms of number of cases treated per fill of gas. This is particularly true in countries like India. The maximum number of cases can be treated by understanding not only the limitations of each fill of gas, but by proper patient scheduling and modifications to the treatment protocol. This paper outlines our modified protocol and the patient scheduling software that we developed to meet these criteria. [J Refract Surg. 1995;11(suppl.):S319-S320.]
Multicenter Study of Photorefractive Keratectomy for Myopia of 6.00 to 8.00 Diopters
Authors: Talamo Jonathan H , Siebert Karl , Wagoner Michael D , Yeh Eugene , Telfair William 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To summarize the initial results of excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) on 89 eyes of 80 patients with moderate myopia (myopia of -6.00 to -8.00 diopters [D]; mean -6.98 ± 0.90 D) at nine investigational sites.
METHODS: All treatments used an argon fluoride excimer laser (VISX, Inc, Santa Clara, Calif) using standard settings. Sixty eyes received single-zone 6.0-millimeter ablations and 29 eyes received twozone ablations. Follow up ranged from 1 month (n = 89) to 6 months (n = 46).
RESULTS: At 3 months, uncorrected visual acuity measured 20/40 or better in 75% and 20/20 or better in 18%; 78% were within ± 1.00 D of intended correction, 38% were within ±0.50 D, and 9% lost two or more lines of spectacle-corrected visual acuity. At 6 months, uncorrected visual acuity measured 20/40 or better in 74% and 20/20 or better in 17%; 67% were within 1.00 D of intended correction, 38% within 0.50 D, and 2% (1/46) lost two lines of spectacle-corrected visual acuity.
CONCLUSIONS: PRK for moderate myopia with large diameter ablation zones appears safe and more predictable than that done using smaller ablation zone diameters. Longer follow up is needed to better define stability, the effects of postoperative corticosteroids, and the use of single- versus doublezone ablations. [J Refract Surg. 1995;11:238-247.]
Holmium Laser Thermal Keratoplasty of 10 Poorly Sighted Eyes
Authors: Ariyasu Reginald G , Sand Bruce , Menefee Richard , Hennings David , Rose Charles , Berry Michael , Garbus Jenny J , McDonnell Peter J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The holmium:YAG laser shrinks stromal collagen and changes corneal refractive power, reportedly without recurrent or persistent epithelial defects, stromal necrosis, or damage to the epithelium and endothelium observed with some other thermokeratoplasty techniques.
METHODS: We studied the safety of the holmium:YAG laser using various patterns and energy densities after treating 12 poorly sighted eyes, two immediately prior to corneal transplantation and 10 followed for a mean period of 90 days (range, 60 to 180 days). Visual acuity, intraocular pressure and inflammation, central corneal endothelial cell density and thickness, and intraocular structures of the eye were indices evaluated regularly. Patients were also assessed for specific symptoms during the post-operative period.
RESULTS: There were no problems with epithelial healing and no stromal necrosis or evidence of endothelial damage; no significant differences were noted in any of the endothelial cell indices examined. A mean change in corneal curvature of 1.10 diopter (D) was achieved, but varying amounts of regression of this effect was noted.
CONCLUSIONS: Holmium:YAG laser thermal keratoplasty appears to be safe over a follow up of up to 180 days. Corneal refractive changes on the order of 1.05 D can be achieved using the parameters employed in this study. Whether or not larger, persistent corneal refractive change can be achieved with a holmium:YAG laser remains to be determined. [J Refract Surg. 1995,11:358-365.]