bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Young James 
Published: August 2021

International Journal of Social Science Studies (IJSSS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether IJSSS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 9, Number 5Abdul Azim Akhtar, Independent Academic & Researcher, Delhi, IndiaAgboola O. Paul, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, MalaysiaAhmet Yıkmış, Abant Izzet Baysal Univeersity, TurkeyAnna Maria Mouza, International Hellenic University, GreeceAntónio Calha, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, PortugalAurora Pestaño, University of San Jose Recoletos (USJR), PhilippinesBassam Yousef Ibrahim Banat, Al-Quds University, PalestineBishnu Prasad Dahal, Tribhuvan University, NepalBo Li, Miami University, USADaniel Tia, University of Félix Houphouët-Boigny Abidjan, GRATHEL, Cote d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast)Encarnación ABAD ARENAS, National University of Distance Education (UNED), SpainFahri ÖZSUNGUR, Adana Science and Technology University, TurkeyIoannis Makris, High School of Pedagogical and Technical Education, GreeceIvan Lenard, Elementary School Ladimirevci, CroatiaJehu Onyekwere Nnaji, University of Naples II,Italy and Globe Visions Network Italy, ItalyJibrin Ubale Yahaya, National Open University of Nigeria NOUN, NigeriaLaura Diaconu Maxim, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza University" of Iasi, RomaniaLing Wei, China Foreign Affairs University, ChinaMd. Nasir Uddin, Prime Minister’s Office, BangladeshRachita Shrivastava Roy, Department of Higher Education,Chhatisgarh-India, IndiaRonaldo R. Larioque, Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology, PhilippinesShyue Chuan CHONG, New Era University College, MalaysiaSusheelabai Srinivasa, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, United StatesTracey A. Monson, CCIP for Childcare in Practice, Queens University Belfast, Republic of IrelandWahyu Nugroho, Sahid University of Jakarta, IndonesiaXian-Liang Tian, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, ChinaYanzhe Zhang, Jilin University, China, China/AustraliaYusramizza Md Isa, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia James YoungEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of International Journal of Social Science StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://ijsss.redfame.com
Near-constant retreat rate of a terrestrial margin of the Laurentide Ice Sheet during the last deglaciation
Authors: Lowell Thomas V. , Kelly Meredith A. , Howley Jennifer A. , Fisher Timothy G. , Barnett Peter J. , Schwart Roseanne , Zimmerman Susan R.H. , Norris Nathaniel , Malone Andrew G.O. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) was the largest ice sheet during the last glacial period. An accurate representation of its behavior during the last deglaciation is critical to understanding its influence on and response to a changing climate. We use 10Be dating and Bayesian modeling to track the recession of the southwest sector of the Labrador Dome of the LIS along an ∼500-km-long transect west of Lake Superior during the last deglaciation. This transect reflects terrestrial ice-margin retreat and crosses multiple moraine sets, with the southwestern part of the transect deglaciated by ca. 19 ka and the northeastern part deglaciated by ca. 10 ka. The predominant behavior of the ice margin during this interval is near-constant retreat with retreat rates varying between ∼59 m/a and 38 m/a. The moraine sets mark standstills and/or readvances that in total constitute only ∼17% of the retreat interval. The spatial and temporal pattern of ice-margin retreat tracked here differs from existing reconstructions that are based on using isochrons to define ice-margin positions. Acknowledging the uncertainties associated with the modeled ages of ice-margin retreat, we suggest that the overall retreat pattern is consistent with forcing by a gradual increase in Northern Hemisphere, high-latitude summer insolation. The pattern of ice-margin retreat is inconsistent with Greenland ice-core temperature records, and thus these records may not be suitable to drive models of the LIS.
Neonates with mild hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy receiving supportive care versus therapeutic hypothermia in California
Authors: Yieh Leah , Lee Henry , Lu Tianyao , Song Ashley , Gong Cynthia L , Wu Tai-Wei , Friedlich Philippe , Lakshmanan Ashwini , Dukhovny Dmitry , Hay Joel 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveThe use of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) for mild hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) remains controversial and inconsistent. We analysed trends in TH and maternal and infant characteristics associated with short-term outcomes of infants with mild HIE.DesignRetrospective cohort analysis of the California Perinatal Quality Care Collaborative database 2010–2018. E-value analysis was conducted to determine the potential impact of unmeasured confounding.SettingCalifornia neonatal intensive care units.Patients1364 neonates with mild HIE.InterventionsSupportive care versus TH.Main outcome measuresFactors associated with TH and mortality.ResultsThe proportion of infants receiving TH increased from 46% in 2010 to 79% in 2018. TH was more likely in the setting of singleton birth (OR 2.69, 95% CI 1.21 to 5.39), no major birth defects (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.42 to 3.30), operative vaginal delivery (OR 3.04, 95% CI 1.80 to 5.10) and 5-minute Apgar score ≤5 (OR 3.17, 95% CI 2.43 to 4.13). Mortality was associated with small for gestational age (OR 5.79, 95% CI 1.90 to 18.48), <38 weeks’ gestation (OR 7.31 95% CI 2.39 to 24.93), major birth defects (OR 11.62, 95% CI 3.97 to 38.00), inhaled nitric oxide (OR 12.73, 95% CI 4.00 to 44.53) and nosocomial infection (OR 7.98, 95% CI 1.15 to 47.03). E-value analyses suggest that unmeasured confounding may have contributed to some of the observed effects.ConclusionsVariation in management of mild HIE persists, but therapeutic drift has become more prevalent over time. Further studies are needed to assess long-term outcomes alongside resource utilisation to inform evidence-based practice.
Inverse association between body mass index and all-cause mortality in rural chinese adults: 15-year follow-up of the Anqing cohort study
Authors: Yang Jie , Cheng Nannan , Zhang Yue , Ye Lijing , Li Jingyi , Zhou Ziyi , Wang Zhuo , Liu Lishun , Huang Xiao , Liang Xinglong , Ling Tianchi , Xu Yongcheng , Song Yun , Wang Binyan , Tang Genfu , Qin Xianhui , Zalloua Pierre , Zhang Huisheng , Yan Fangrong , Xu Xiping 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and all-cause mortality in a Chinese rural population.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingThis study was conducted from 2003 to 2018 in Anqing, Anhui Province, China.Participants17 851 participants aged 25–64 years (49.4% female) attending physical examinations and questionnaire were included in this study. The inclusion criterion was families having a minimum of three participating siblings. The exclusion criteria included participants without family number and BMI data at baseline.Outcome measuresThe outcome measure was all-cause mortality. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) regression analysis was performed to determine the association between baseline BMI and all-cause mortality.ResultsDuring a mean follow-up period of 14.1 years, 730 deaths (8.0%) occurred among men, and 321 deaths (3.6%) occurred among women. The mean BMI for males was 21.3±2.5 kg/m2, and for female it was 22.1±3.1 kg/m2. Baseline BMI was significantly inversely associated with all-cause mortality risk for per SD increase (OR, 0.79 (95% CI, 0.72 to 0.87) for males; OR, 0.88 (95% CI, 0.76 to 1.01) for females). When BMI was stratified with cut points at 20 and 24 kg/m2, compared with the low BMI group, a significantly lower risk of death was found in the high BMI group (BMI ≥24: OR, 0.57 (95% CI, 0.43 to 0.77) in males; 0.65 (95% CI, 0.46 to 0.93) in females) after adjustment for relevant factors.ConclusionsIn this relatively lean rural Chinese population, the risk of all-cause mortality decreased with increasing BMI. The excess risk of all-cause mortality associated with a high BMI was not seen among this rural population.
Comparing levonorgestrel intrauterine system versus hysteroscopic resection in patients with postmenstrual spotting related to a niche in the caesarean scar (MIHYS NICHE trial): protocol of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: He Chuqing , He Xiaoqing , Liang Yan , Sun Taotao , Yan Li , Zhu Chenfeng , Zhao Xiaoya , Xie Li , Mol Ben W , Zhang Jian , Huirne J.A.F 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionRecently, the rate of caesarean sections (CS) worldwide has risen and CS-associated complications such as niche have increased substantially. Until now, evidence-based clinical guidelines for the treatment of niche-related symptoms remain absent. In patients with postmenstrual spotting, it has not been studied if the effect of levonorgestrel 52 mg intrauterine system (LNG-IUS 52 mg) is superior to that of hysteroscopy. This study will answer the question of whether LNG-IUS 52 mg is more effective in improving postmenstrual spotting than hysteroscopic niche resection in women with niche-related spotting at 6 months after randomisation.Methods and analysisThis is a randomised controlled trial. A total of 208 women with postmenstrual spotting related to niche in the caesarean uterine scar of at least 2 mm and residual myometrium of at least 2.2 mm evaluated by MRI will be included. Women desiring to conceive within 1 year, with contraindications for LNG-IUS 52 mg or hysteroscopic surgery will be excluded. After informed consent is obtained, eligible women will be randomly allocated to LNG-IUS 52 mg or hysteroscopic niche resection at 1:1. The primary outcome is the efficacy in reducing postmenstrual spotting at 6 months after randomisation. The secondary outcomes include menstrual pattern, total days of blood loss per month, rate of amenorrhoea, side effects and complications.We will use a Visual Analogue Scale for chronic pelvic pain, urological symptoms and women’s satisfaction (five-point Likert scale).Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the local medical ethics committee and by the Institutional Review Board of the International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai, China (No. GKLW 2019-08). Participants will sign a written informed consent before participation. The results of this study will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication.Trial registration numberChiCTR1900025677.
Expanding the phenotype of SPARC-related osteogenesis imperfecta: clinical findings in two patients with pathogenic variants in SPARC and literature review
Authors: Durkin Anna , DeVile Catherine , Arundel Paul , Bull Mary , Walsh Jennifer , Bishop Nicholas J , Hupin Emilie , Parekh Susan , Nadarajah Ramesh , Offiah Amaka C , Calder Alistair , Brock Joanna , Baker Duncan , Balasubramanian Meena 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundSecreted protein, acidic, cysteine rich (SPARC)-related osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), also referred to as OI type XVII, was first described in 2015, since then there has been only one further report of this form of OI. SPARC is located on chromosome 5 between bands q31 and q33. The encoded protein is necessary for calcification of the collagen in bone, synthesis of extracellular matrix and the promotion of changes to cell shape.MethodsWe describe a further two patients with previously unreported homozygous SPARC variants with OI: one splice site; one nonsense pathogenic variant. We present detailed information on the clinical and radiological phenotype and correlate this with their genotype. There are only two previous reports by Mendozo-Londono et al and Hayat et al with clinical descriptions of patients with SPARC variants.ResultsFrom the data we have obtained, common clinical features in individuals with OI type XVII caused by SPARC variants include scoliosis (5/5), vertebral compression fractures (5/5), multiple long bone fractures (5/5) and delayed motor development (3/3). Interestingly, 2/4 patients also had abnormal brain MRI, including high subcortical white matter changes, abnormal fluid-attenuated inversion in the para-atrial white matter and a large spinal canal from T10 to L1. Of significance, both patients reported here presented with significant neuromuscular weakness prompting early workup.ConclusionCommon phenotypic expressions include delayed motor development with neuromuscular weakness, scoliosis and multiple fractures. The data presented here broaden the phenotypic spectrum establishing similar patterns of neuromuscular presentation with a presumed diagnosis of ‘myopathy’.
Survival after inpatient or outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease: a multicentre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Guler Sabina Anna , Hur Seo Am , Stickland Michael K , Brun Patrick , Bovet Luc , Holland Anne E , Bondarenko Janet , Hambly Nathan , Wald Joshua , Makhdami Nima , Kreuter Michael , Gloeckl Rainer , Jarosch Inga , Tan Benjamin , Johannson Kerri A , McBride S Ainslie , De Boer Kaissa , Sandoz Jacqueline S , Sun Kelly , Assayag Deborah , Bhatt Surya P , Morisset Julie , Ferraro Vincent , Garvey Chris , Camp Pat G , Ryerson Christopher J 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundThe impact of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) on survival in patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD) is unknown. Given the challenges conducting a large randomised controlled trial, we aimed to determine whether improvement in 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) was associated with better survival.MethodsThis retrospective, international cohort study included patients with fibrotic ILD participating in either inpatient or outpatient PR at 12 sites in 5 countries. Multivariable models were used to estimate the association between change in 6MWD and time to death or lung transplantation accounting for clustering by centre and other confounders.Results701 participants (445 men and 256 women) with fibrotic ILD were included. The mean±SD ages of the 196 inpatients and 505 outpatients were 70±11 and 69±12 years, respectively. Baseline/changes in 6MWD were 262±128/55±83 m for inpatients and 358±125/34±65 m for outpatients. Improvement in 6MWD during PR was associated with lower hazard rates for death or lung transplant on adjusted analysis for both inpatient (HR per 10 m 0.94, 95% CI 0.91 to 0.97, p<0.001) and outpatient PR (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.00, p=0.042). Participation in ≥80% of planned outpatient PR sessions was associated with a 33% lower risk of death (95% CI 0.49% to 0.92%).ConclusionsPatients with fibrotic ILD who improved physical performance during PR had better survival compared with those who did not improve performance. Confirmation of these hypothesis-generating findings in a randomised controlled trial would be required to definitely change clinical practice, and would further support efforts to improve availability of PR for patients with fibrotic ILD.
High-energy resummation in $$\Lambda _c$$ baryon production
Authors: Celiberto Francesco G. , Fucilla Michael , Ivanov Dmitry Yu. , Papa Alessandro 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe present a study on inclusive emissions of a double $$\Lambda _c$$

Λ
c

or of a $$\Lambda _c$$

Λ
c

plus a light-flavored jet system as probe channels in the semi-hard regime of QCD. Our formalism relies on the so-called hybrid high-energy/collinear factorization, where the standard collinear description is supplemented by the t-channel resummation à la BFKL of energy logarithms up to the next-to-leading accuracy. We make use of the modular interface, suited to the analysis of different semi-hard reactions, employing the novel parameterization for the description of parton fragmentation into $$\Lambda _c$$

Λ
c

baryons. We provide predictions for rapidity distributions and azimuthal correlations, that can be studied at current and forthcoming LHC configurations, hunting for possible stabilizing effects of the high-energy series.
Accounting for exotic matter and the extreme radial tension in Morris–Thorne wormholes of embedding class one
Authors: Kuhfittig Peter K. F. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe embedding of a curved spacetime in a higher-dimensional flat spacetime has continued to be a topic of interest in the general theory of relativity, as exemplified by the induced-matter theory. This paper deals with spacetimes of embedding class one, i.e., spacetimes that can be embedded in a five-dimensional flat spacetime. Einstein’s theory allows the fifth dimension to be either spacelike or timelike. By assuming the latter, this paper addresses two fundamental issues concerning Morris–Thorne wormholes, the origin of exotic matter and the frequently inexplicable enormous radial tension at the throat.
Experimentally validated modeling of the optical energy deposition in highly ionized ambient air by strong femtosecond laser pulses
Authors: Kaleris Konstantinos , Tazes Ioannis , Orphanos Yannis , Petrakis Stelios , Bakarezos Makis , Mourjopoulos John , Dimitriou Vasilis , Tatarakis Michael , Papadogiannis Nektarios A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The deposition of femtosecond laser optical energy in gases leads to the emission of secondary electromagnetic and acoustic radiation. These optoacoustic components have a complex nonlinear dependency on the laser beam characteristics, such as the pulse energy, duration, wavelength and the focusing conditions, as well as on the optical and elastic characteristics of the gaseous medium. The initial interaction times are governed by the high electronic excitation and ionization. These phenomena result in a self-modulation of the laser pulse, significantly affecting the optical energy deposition on the medium. Such complex nonlinear phenomena are very difficult to be studied via analytical equations. To address this, a multiphysics Particle-In-Cell model is applied for the evaluation of the optical energy deposition and plasma generation from tightly focused femtosecond pulses in ambient air. The computational domain of the model is built to describe optical energy deposition in its full spatiotemporal scale. The model is validated by experimental results of the absorbed energy. The agreement between the computational and experimental results provides the basis for the future development of an advanced microstructural Finite Element Method model, which, combined with the Particle-In-Cell model, will have the ability of delivering detailed insights for all the sub-domains and timescales varying from nano- to femto-seconds of the laser-induced breakdown phenomenon.

Graphic Abstract
A virtual force method to rectify the equation of state of the lattice Boltzmann models
Authors: Zadehgol Abed 
Published: August 2021

In this work, to rectify the equation of state (EOS) of a recently introduced constant speed entropic kinetic model (CSKM), a virtual force method is proposed. The CSKM, as shown in Zadehgol and Ashrafizaadeh [J. Comp. Phys. 274, 803 (2014)] and Zadehgol [Phys. Rev. E 91, 063311 (2015)], is an entropic kinetic model with unconventional entropies of Burg and Tsallis. The dependence of the pressure on the velocity, in the CSKM, was addressed and it was shown that it can be rectified by inserting rest particles into the model. This work shows that this dependence can also be removed by treating the pressure gradient as a pseudo force term, expanding the source term using the Fourier series, and applying the modified method of Khazaeli et al. [Phys. Rev. E 98, 053303 (2018)]. The proposed method can potentially be used to remove other pseudo-force error terms of the CSKM, e.g. the residual error terms which become significant at high Mach numbers, ensuring thermodynamic consistency of the entropic model, at the compressible flow regimes. The accuracy of the method is verified by simulating benchmark flows.
Gebruik Van Euphorbia Tirucalli Als Rubberleverancier En Energiegewas
Authors: Van Damme Patrick 
Published: August 2021

The Possibilities to use Euphorbia Tirucalli as an Energy and Rubber Crop
Euphorbia Tirucalli has been used as a source for natural rubber at different times in history, especially in southern Africa. The latex resin content is too high to guarantee a good quality product and economic production has never taken off as some had hoped. The fact that the plant is very well adapted to arid and semi arid conditions and can be grown on marginal waste lands makes it a potential energy crop which can be turned into biogas without too much investment in costly technology. The first results obtained in the laboratory and infield conditions (Senegal) are very promising. The latex contains a number of interesting triterpenes which have a very high energy content and could be used in fuel production. Most of these applications have been tested or used in Africa and can offer long-term solutions for old problems, particularly in the case of renewable energy through biomass fermentation.
Bibliographies Africanistes Courantes : Une Comparaison
Authors: d’Hertefelt Marcel 
Published: August 2021

Current African Bibliographies: A Comparison
Five internationally used current bibliographies are here compared with respect to their coverage of the periodical literature, the degree of their overlapping, and three basic aspects of their layout (list of analyzed periodicals, arrangement of references, index construction). As regards coverage, the most striking conclusion is the low to minimal rate of overlapping, so that it would be rather risky for the student to rely on one bibliography only, even the most extensive. Coverage, of course, is not the sole factor in assessing the value of a bibliography. The five bibliographies differ widely in their organisation and are by far not equally easy to use.
Investigating health factors as predictor of early drop-out of first year accounting students at the University of the Free State, South Africa
Authors: Beyers Christa , Joubert Hanli 
Published: August 2021

Introduction: The future of the South African workforce looks bleak given the challenges posed, not only by health factors, including HIV and AIDS, but also the success and throughput rate of first year university students.
Methodology: The research in this study was conducted in 2013 using a post-positivist approach and applying an interpretive stance using a mixed method approach, which included a quantitative non-experimental predictive multivariate design as well as focus group interviews to triangulate the findings.
Results: We present findings that psychosocial background factors, physical health and emotional health influence success and non-completion rates among first year students at the University of the Free State, South Africa.
Conclusion: We argue that early identification of poor psychosocial background, including health factors, can assist in empowering youths helping them to make healthy decisions and deal with stressful situations in a way that will not compromise their academic success.