bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-k Dielectric Double Gate Junctionless (DG-JL) MOSFET for Ultra Low Power Applications- Analytical Model
Authors: Kumar Prashant , Vashishath Munish , Gupta Neeraj , Gupta Rashmi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper describes the impression of low-k/high-k dielectric on the performance of Double Gate Junction less (DG-JL) MOSFET. An analytical model of the threshold voltage of DG-JLFET has been presented. Poisson’s equation is solved using the parabolic approximation to find out the threshold voltage. The effect of high-k on various performance parameters of N-type DG-JLFET is explored. The comparative analysis has been carried out between conventional gate oxide, multi oxide and high-k oxide in terms of Drain Induced Barrier Lowering (DIBL), threshold voltage, figure of merit (ION/IOFF) and sub-threshold slope (SS). The high-k oxide has shown superlative performance as compared to others. The results are further analyzed for various device structures. The DG-JLFET with HfO2 exhibits excellent attainment by mitigating the Short Channel Effects (SCEs). The significant reduction in off current makes the device suitable for ultra-low power applications. There is a 61.9 % and 34.29% improvement in the figure of merit and sub-threshold slope in the proposed device as compared to other devices. The simulation of DG-JLFET is carried out using the Silvaco TCAD tool.
An Energy-Based Nonlinear Dynamic Model of Dielectric Elastomer Minimum Energy Structures with Stiffeners: Equilibrium Configuration and the Electromechanical Response
Authors: Khurana Aman , Patra Asesh , Joglekar M M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The Dielectric Elastomer-based Minimum Energy Structures (DEMES) pertain to an equilibrium configuration attained by the assembly of a pre-stretched electroactive polymer film and a compliant boundary frame. Because of their unique characteristics, such as fast response and a large reversible stroke; DEMES have been used widely in the development of soft robotic transducers. However, their utility is typically restricted because of the warping resulting from anticlastic curvature. The present investigation examines the effectiveness of stiffeners in controlling this warping, as well as their effect on the resulting electromechanical response when the DEMES is driven electrically. To this end, we devise an energy-based analytical model that predicts the initial equilibrium configuration of an elementary rectangular DEMES with a finite number of stiffeners adhered to the boundary frame. The proposed framework uses the neo-Hookean hyperelasticity model for the polymer film and the linear elastic constitutive model for both the frame and the stiffeners. Predictive capability of the proposed analytical model is established through comparisons with 3D finite element simulations and experimental observations. The analytical model is then extended in the setting of the least-action principle to investigate the complex nonlinear dynamic behavior of the DEMES emanating from the interplay between material and geometric nonlinearities. The proposed dynamic model provides crucial insights into the role of varying levels of geometric and material parameters on the attainment of the initial equilibrium configuration of DEMES and its DC dynamic response when driven by a Heaviside electric load. In particular, we highlight the favorable impact of adding stiffeners in enhancing the stroke of the DEMES and an amplification in the attained equilibrium angle with an increasing spacing between the stiffeners. The analytical model and the results reported in this investigation can be of potential use in pre-designing the geometrical and material properties of DEMES for enhancing its electromechanical performance.
A Comparative Study of Different Granular Structures Induced from the Information Systems
Authors: Kong Qingzhao , Xu Weihua , Zhang Dongxiao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Binary information table, multi-valued information table and set-valued information table are three kinds of information systems often encountered in information processing. For any information system, we can often induce different information granular structures, and then construct the corresponding rough set models. Generally speaking, for the same information system, three models of Pawlak rough set, covering rough set and multi-granulation rough set can be induced according to different rules. These three kinds of rough set models are effective tools for data mining and information processing. This paper studies the relationship among Pawlak rough set, covering rough set and multi granularity rough set induced in binary information table, multi-valued information table and set-valued information table, and obtains many important conclusions. The research content of this paper effectively connects the theories, methods and applications of Pawlak rough set, covering rough set and multi granularity rough set, which not only enriches the rough set theory, but also expands the application prospect of rough set.
Global Finite-Time Set Stabilization of Spacecraft Attitude with Disturbances using Second-Order Sliding Mode Control
Authors: Guo Zeyu , Wang Zuo , Li Shihua 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The performance of attitude stabilization control algorithms for rigid spacecraft can be limited by disturbances. In this paper, the global finite-time attitude stabilization problem with disturbances is investigated and handled by constructing a second-order sliding mode controller. Firstly, a virtual controller based on set stabilization idea is constructed to globally finite-time stabilize the system. Then, a relay polynomial second-order sliding mode controller is constructed to guarantee that the tracking error towards the virtual controller will converge to zero in finite-time. Finite-time Lyapunov theory is applied to support the proof and stability analysis. The global finite-time stability holds even with bounded disturbances. The effectiveness and feasibility of the controller are illustrated by the numerical simulations.
Responses of soil water consumption of different wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties to nitrogen application levels
Authors: NOOR HAFEEZ , Min Sun , Lin Wen , Gao Zhiqiang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: SPAD value of flag leaf increased highest N rate was 280 kg ha–1. 200-300 cm at maturity stage, indicating the importance of deep soil water storage for grain filling. Variety YH-20410 increased the soluble sugar content in grains protein, and dry gluten.Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the biochemical impact of nitrogen (N) fertilization on different wheat cultivars. We investigated the influence of topsoil N availability on different varieties, and uptake by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).Methods: The experiment included two varieties (YH-618, and YH-20410) and three nitrogen levels, (N0, N210, and N280 kg ha–1). The higher nitrogen uptake and soil water consumption, grain protein content, and yield at higher planting densities and will benefit farmers by forming stronger overall crops.Results: Indicated that wheat variety YH-20410 had the higher nitrogen uptake and soil water consumption, grain protein content, and yield at higher planting densities and will benefit farmers by forming stronger overall crops. The results indicated that suitable nitrogen fertilizer could reduce soil water to jointing stage, provide more water use for wheat in later growth stage, and promote better soil water consumption from flowering to maturity stage. It also indicated that soil water storage decreased from 80-200 cm at flowering stage to 200-300 cm at maturity stage, indicating the importance of deep soil water storage for grain filling.Conclusions: Nitrogen application amount 210 kg ha–1 combined to variety YH-20410 increased the soluble sugar content in grains at the filling stage, which was conducive to the accumulation of sucrose, and starch in grains; 210 kg ha–1 was beneficial to increase the content of wheat gluten in grains, obtain higher protein content and yield in grains, and increase the content of dry gluten in grains. The indicated that wheat variety YH-20410 had the higher nitrogen uptake and soil water consumption, grain protein content, and yield at higher planting densities and will benefit farmers by forming.
Outcomes of a Blended Care Coaching Program for Clients Presenting With Moderate Levels of Anxiety and Depression: Pragmatic Retrospective Study
Authors: Wu Monica S , Chen Shih-Yin , Wickham Robert E , O’Neil-Hart Shane , Chen Connie , Lungu Anita 
Published: October 2021

Background
Depression and anxiety are leading causes of disability worldwide, but access to quality mental health care is limited by myriad factors. Cognitive-behavioral coaching is rooted in evidence-based principles and has the potential to address some of these unmet care needs. Harnessing technology to facilitate broader dissemination within a blended care model shows additional promise for overcoming barriers to care.

Objective
The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcomes of a blended care coaching (BCC) program for clients presenting with moderate levels of anxiety and depression in real-world settings.

Methods
This study examined retrospective data from US-based individuals (N=1496) who presented with moderate levels of depression and anxiety symptoms and who received blended care coaching services. Using a short-term framework, clients met with coaches via a secure video conference platform and also received digital video lessons and exercises. To evaluate the effectiveness of the BCC program, mixed effects modeling was used to examine growth trajectories of anxiety and depression scores over the course of care.

Results
Out of the total sample of 1496 clients, 75.9% (n=1136) demonstrated reliable improvement, and 88.6% (n=1326) recovered based on either the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale (anxiety) or Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (depression). On average, clients exhibited a significant decline in anxiety and depression symptoms during the initial weeks of coaching, with a continued decline over subsequent weeks at a lower rate. Engaging in a coaching session was associated with lower anxiety (b=–1.04) and depression (b=–0.79) symptoms in the same week, as well as lower anxiety (b=–0.74) and depression (b=–0.91) symptoms the following week (P<.001).

Conclusions
The BCC program demonstrated strong outcomes in decreasing symptomology for clients presenting with moderate levels of anxiety and depression. When clients received coaching sessions, significant decreases in symptoms were observed, reflecting the importance of session attendance. Additionally, the steepest declines in symptoms tended to occur during the initial weeks of coaching, emphasizing the importance of client buy-in and early engagement. Collectively, these findings have implications for addressing unmet mental health care needs in a more accessible, cost-effective manner.
Is the Czech Republic a Welfare State?
Authors: Kliková Christiana , Navrátil Boris 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Is the Czech Republic a welfare state? This question is to be answered through this article, whose purpose is to classify Czechia into one of the types of the welfare state. The introduction of the article describes the creation of the welfare state and the main factors influencing its origin. The article also describes the characteristic features of the welfare state and presents its typology. The section entitled “The Czech Republic and the welfare state” expounds on the constituent stages of development of the Czech social policy until the present day. The article concludes with the comparison of some aggregate indicators and characteristics of social policies found in Sweden, Germany and the United Kingdom with similar indicators from the Czech Republic; this basis forms the assignment of the Czech Republic to one of the types of the welfare state.
Evaluation of the Efficiency of Public Support for Cluster Organizations in the Czech Republic
Authors: Žižka Miroslav , Hovorková Valentová Vladimíra , Pelloneová Natalie , Štichhauerová Eva 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe research presented in the paper aims to find out whether the public support (subsidies) received by cluster organizations for their development and activities is efficient. That means whether the state receives a return on investment in the form of increased revenues to public budgets. The research was conducted on a sample of seven cluster organizations that include the following sectors: furniture, packaging and textile production, engineering, the automotive industry, IT and nanotechnology. For each cluster organization, the data on subsidies was drawn from the moment of their establishment until 2017. At the same time, a list of the cluster member organizations was drawn up, with financial data being collected only for business entities. For each enterprise, information about paid corporate income tax, income tax on employment from employee wages, and social and health insurance paid by the companies and their employees was collected. In the next phase, increases in taxes and insurances were monitored and compared to the year in which the cluster organization drew a subsidy for the first time. Subsequently, the public support efficiency rate and payback period were calculated. The research results show that public support for cluster organizations is efficient, with a relatively short payback period.
Protective effects of bisoprolol against cadmium-induced myocardial toxicity through inhibition of oxidative stress and NF-κΒ signalling in rats
Authors: Liu Jinhua , Xie Ying , Han Zhujun , Wang Hailong , Xu Wenhu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction
The aim of the study was to investigate the mitigative effects of bisoprolol (BIS) in cadmium-induced myocardial toxicity on oxidative stress and its inhibitive effect on nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) signalling in rats.

Material and Methods
Male albino Wistar rats were assigned to control, Cd, BIS 2 (2 mg/kg b.w.) and BIS 8 (8 mg/kg b.w.) groups with nine rats in each. Over four weeks, the control group was administered 1% gum acacia, all other groups received 3mg/kg b.w. CdCl2 dissolved in distilled water, and the BIS groups were additionally given bisoprolol in gum acacia. Blood samples were collected for biochemical estimations. Blood pressure and serum biomarker (lactate dehydrogenase, aspirate transaminase, alanine transferase and creatine kinase-MB, enzyme (superoxide dismutase, lipid hydroxy peroxidase, catalase and malondialdehyde), and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) concentrations were measured. Western blot analysis was conducted for NF-κB and glutathione S-transferase (GST). After sacrificing the rats, cardiac tissue samples were examined histopathologically.

Results
Our findings pointed to a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the studied serum biomarkers and levels of the relevant enzymes in the BIS 8 group compared to the Cd group. A significant decrease (P < 0.05) in NF-kB p65 expression and TNF-α levels was noted in the BIS 8 group relative to the BIS 2 and Cd groups, indicating a reduction at a higher dose. In microscopy, histopathological changes in the cardiac muscles of the BIS 8 group were evident compared to those of the Cd group.

Conclusion
BIS seemed to have protective effects against cardiac injury induced by cadmium and could be considered a novel therapeutic drug and prognostic biomarker in the pathology of the many cardiovascular diseases caused by heavy metal intake.
Coxiella burnetii DNA in milk, milk products, and fermented dairy products
Authors: Valkovska Linda , Mališevs Artjoms , Kovaļenko Kaspars , Bērziņš Aivars , Grantiņa-Ieviņa Lelde 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Q fever in dairy cattle has been investigated in Latvia since 2012. In 2015, 10.7% of farms tested positive for the DNA of C. burnetii, its aetiological agent, in bulk tank milk. The presence of C. burnetii DNA and infectious bacteria in dairy products has been assessed in several countries, and because Latvian milk may contain them, parallel assessment in this country is recommended. Accordingly, the present study tested shop and farm retail dairy products from Latvia and included foreign products for comparison.

Material and Methods
Investigation was carried out of 187 samples of a diverse range of dairy products from 41 Latvian milk producers. Twenty-six comparable samples pooled from Estonia, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Poland and Spain were also included. The all-countries total number of fermented milk products was 160. Special attention was paid to products that could be more attractive to children because of their added chocolate, cacao, berry and fruit content. DNA was extracted and amplification of C. burnetii IS1111 was performed using a commercial PCR kit.

Results
Overall positivity was 60.56%. Domestic products were positive more often (60.96%) than foreign ones (57.69%). Only 26.67% of unpasteurised Latvian cow’s milk samples were positive whereas 76.47% of pasteurised equivalents and 63.13% of fermented milk products were. Sweetened and fruit-containing samples were 71.43% positive.

Conclusion
The shedding of C. burnetii via milk should be monitored and only milk from healthy animals allowed for sale for direct human consumption without pasteurisation. Raw milk quality and the effectiveness of industrial heat treatment and pasteurisation methods in Latvia and other countries should be carefully assessed to ensure adequate consumer health protection.
Relationship between quality of life indicators and cardiac status indicators in chemotherapy patients
Authors: Geršak Blaž Matija , Kukec Andreja , Steen Henning , Montenbruck Moritz , Šoštarič Maja , Schwarz Arne Kristian , Esch Sebastian , Kelle Sebastian , Giusca Sorin , Korosoglou Grigorios , Wülfing Pia , Dent Susan , Lenihan Daniel 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aim
With the aim of improving personalized treatment of patients on chemotherapy, the objective of the study was to assess the degree of association between selected Quality of life (QoL) indicators and both clinical and imaging cardiac status indicators when detecting deterioration in QoL of these patients.

Methods
In a cohort clinical study in Hamburg, from August 2017 through October 2020, 59 cancer patients, aged 18-80 years, were evaluated before chemotherapy, and at several follow-ups, using EQ-5D and SF-36 QoL questionnaires, fast strain-encoded (fast-SENC) cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), conventional CMR, and echocardiography, and further received a clinical and biomarker examination. Data was analyzed using survival analyses. A decline of more than 5% in each observed QoL metric value was defined as the observed event. Patient were separated into groups according to the presentation of cardiotoxicity as per its clinical definition, the establishment of the indication for cardioprotective therapy initiation, and by a worsening in the value of each observed imaging metric by more than 5% in the previous follow-up compared to the corresponding pre-chemotherapy baseline value.

Results
Among clinical cardiac status indicators, the indication for cardioprotective therapy showed statistically good association with QoL scores (EQ-5D p=0.028; SF-36 physical component p=0.016; SF-36 mental component p=0.012). In terms of imaging metrics, the MyoHealth segmental myocardial strain score was the only one demonstrating consistently good QoL score association (EQ-5D p=0.005; SF-36 physical component p=0.056; SF-36 mental component p=0.002).

Conclusions
Established fast-SENC CMR scores are capable of highlighting patients with reduced QoL, who require more frequent/optimal management.
Making Wellington: earthquakes, survivors and creating heritage
Authors: McClean Robert 
Published: October 2021

Landing at Te Whanganui a Tara in 1840, New Zealand Company settlers lost no time to construct the "England of the South" using familiar building materials of brick, stone, clay and mortar. Within months of settling at Pito-one (Petone), the newly arrived people not only experienced earthquakes, but also flooding of Te Awa kai Rangi (Hutt River). Consequently, the original plan to build the City of Britannia at Pito-one was transferred to Lambton Harbour at Pipitea and Te Aro.
The construction of Wellington was severely disrupted by the first visitation occurring on 16 October 1848 when the Awatere fault ruptured releasing an earthquake of Mw 7.8. The earthquake sequence, lasting until October 1849, damaged nearly all masonry buildings in Wellington, including newly constructed Paremata Barracks. This event was soon followed by the 2nd visitation of 23 January 1855. This time it was a rupture of the Wairarapa fault and a huge 8.2 Mw earthquake lasting until 10 October 1855.
Perceptions of buildings as "permanent" symbols of progress and English heritage were fundamentally challenged as a result of the earthquakes. Instead, the settlers looked to the survivors – small timber-framed buildings as markers of security and continued occupation. A small number of survivors will be explored in detail – Taylor-Stace Cottage, Porirua, and Homewood, Karori, both buildings of 1847 and both still in existence today. Also the ruins of Paremata Barracks as the only remnant of a masonry structure pre-dating 1848 in the Wellington region. There are also a few survivors of 1855 earthquake including Christ Church, Taita (1854) and St Joseph's Providence Porch, St Mary's College, Thorndon (1852). There are also the post-1855 timber-framed legacies of Old St Paul's Cathedral (1866), Government Buildings (1876) and St Peter's Church (1879). Improved knowledge about the historical evolution of perceptions of heritage in Wellington as a result of past earthquake visitations can help inform public education about heritage values, how to build today and strengthen existing buildings in readiness for future earthquake visitations.
Pituitary adenoma: important genetic factors and clinical diagnostic issues
Authors: Juknytė G. , Karinauskė E. , Liutkevičienė R. 
Published: October 2021

Pituitary adenoma (PA) is a benign tumor of parenchymal cells in the adenohypophysis. Clinically significant PA occurs in 1 in 1064 of the population. Invasive PAs, pituitary carcinomas, are aggressive and can spread from sella turcica to other tissues. PA invasiveness and tumor-caused metabolic disorders can also be fatal, as almost every human organ and tissue is directly or indirectly affected by hormones secreted by the anterior or posterior pituitary gland. Most PAs occur spontaneously and their origin is not well known. It is thought to be a disease of multifactorial etiology, the occurrence of which is influenced by genetic factors, hormonal stimulation, and growth factors. PA can be inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.Recently, many new genetic alterations have been identified that make people predisposed to pituitary adenomas. Attempts are also being made to find new molecular diagnostic and prognostic targets that would contribute to more effective treatment of pituitary adenomas. Since the development of pituitary adenomas can be significantly influenced by epigenetic changes in pituitary cells, there is currently an increasing focus on the study of epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and micro-RNA studies. Analysis of mRNA expression is also performed to assess the decrease or increase in gene expression in the case of pathology. All of these studies are aimed at finding new molecular markers for the development of targets for the treatment of pituitary adenomas.Therefore, in this article, we review the genetic issues of pituitary adenoma.