bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incremental changes in QRS duration as predictor for cardiovascular disease: a 21-year follow-up of a randomly selected general population
Authors: Chen Xiaojing , Hansson Per-Olof , Thunström Erik , Mandalenakis Zacharias , Caidahl Kenneth , Fu Michael 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe QRS complex has been shown to be a prognostic marker in coronary artery disease. However, the changes in QRS duration over time, and its predictive value for cardiovascular disease in the general population is poorly studied. So we aimed to explore if increased QRS duration from the age of 50–60 is associated with increased risk of major cardiovascular events during a further follow-up to age 71. A random population sample of 798 men born in 1943 were examined in 1993 at 50 years of age, and re-examined in 2003 at age 60 and 2014 at age 71. Participants who developed cardiovascular disease before the re-examination in 2003 (n = 86) or missing value of QRS duration in 2003 (n = 127) were excluded. ΔQRS was defined as increase in QRS duration from age 50 to 60. Participants were divided into three groups: group 1: ΔQRS < 4 ms, group 2: 4 ms ≤ ΔQRS < 8 ms, group 3: ΔQRS ≥ 8 ms. Endpoints were major cardiovascular events. And we found compared with men in group 1 (ΔQRS < 4 ms), men with ΔQRS ≥ 8 ms had a 56% increased risk of MACE during follow-up to 71 years of age after adjusted for BMI, systolic blood pressure, smoking, hyperlipidemia, diabetes and heart rate in a multivariable Cox regression analysis (HR 1.56, 95% CI:1.07–2.27, P = 0.022). In conclusion, in this longitudinal follow-up over a decade QRS duration increased in almost two out of three men between age 50 and 60 and the increased QRS duration in middle age is an independent predictor of major cardiovascular events.
Comparison of machine learning methods to predict udder health status based on somatic cell counts in dairy cows
Authors: Bobbo Tania , Biffani Stefano , Taccioli Cristian , Penasa Mauro , Cassandro Martino 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBovine mastitis is one of the most important economic and health issues in dairy farms. Data collection during routine recording procedures and access to large datasets have shed the light on the possibility to use trained machine learning algorithms to predict the udder health status of cows. In this study, we compared eight different machine learning methods (Linear Discriminant Analysis, Generalized Linear Model with logit link function, Naïve Bayes, Classification and Regression Trees, k-Nearest Neighbors, Support Vector Machines, Random Forest and Neural Network) to predict udder health status of cows based on somatic cell counts. Prediction accuracies of all methods were above 75%. According to different metrics, Neural Network, Random Forest and linear methods had the best performance in predicting udder health classes at a given test-day (healthy or mastitic according to somatic cell count below or above a predefined threshold of 200,000 cells/mL) based on the cow’s milk traits recorded at previous test-day. Our findings suggest machine learning algorithms as a promising tool to improve decision making for farmers. Machine learning analysis would improve the surveillance methods and help farmers to identify in advance those cows that would possibly have high somatic cell count in the subsequent test-day.
Identification of germline cancer predisposition variants during clinical ctDNA testing
Authors: Stout Leigh Anne , Kassem Nawal , Hunter Cynthia , Philips Santosh , Radovich Milan , Schneider Bryan P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNext-generation sequencing of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a non-invasive method to guide therapy selection for cancer patients. ctDNA variant allele frequency (VAF) is commonly reported and may aid in discerning whether a variant is germline or somatic. We report on the fidelity of VAF in ctDNA as a predictor for germline variant carriage. Two patient cohorts were studied. Cohort 1 included patients with known germline variants. Cohort 2 included patients with any variant detected by the ctDNA assay with VAF of 40–60%. In cohort 1, 36 of 91 (40%) known germline variants were identified through ctDNA analysis with a VAF of 39–87.6%. In cohort 2, 111 of 160 (69%) variants identified by ctDNA analysis with a VAF between 40 and 60% were found to be germline. Therefore, variants with a VAF between 40 and 60% should induce suspicion for germline status but should not be used as a replacement for germline testing.
Time-frequency time-space long short-term memory networks for image classification of histopathological tissue
Authors: Pham Tuan D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractImage analysis in histopathology provides insights into the microscopic examination of tissue for disease diagnosis, prognosis, and biomarker discovery. Particularly for cancer research, precise classification of histopathological images is the ultimate objective of the image analysis. Here, the time-frequency time-space long short-term memory network (TF-TS LSTM) developed for classification of time series is applied for classifying histopathological images. The deep learning is empowered by the use of sequential time-frequency and time-space features extracted from the images. Furthermore, unlike conventional classification practice, a strategy for class modeling is designed to leverage the learning power of the TF-TS LSTM. Tests on several datasets of histopathological images of haematoxylin-and-eosin and immunohistochemistry stains demonstrate the strong capability of the artificial intelligence (AI)-based approach for producing very accurate classification results. The proposed approach has the potential to be an AI tool for robust classification of histopathological images.
Accelerated sea ice loss in the Wandel Sea points to a change in the Arctic’s Last Ice Area
Authors: Schweiger Axel J. , Steele Michael , Zhang Jinlun , Moore G. W. K. , Laidre Kristin L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Arctic Ocean’s Wandel Sea is the easternmost sector of the Last Ice Area, where thick, old sea ice is expected to endure longer than elsewhere. Nevertheless, in August 2020 the area experienced record-low sea ice concentration. Here we use satellite data and sea ice model experiments to determine what caused this record sea ice minimum. In our simulations there was a multi-year sea-ice thinning trend due to climate change. Natural climate variability expressed as wind-forced ice advection and subsequent melt added to this trend. In spring 2020, the Wandel Sea had a mixture of both thin and—unusual for recent years—thick ice, but this thick ice was not sufficiently widespread to prevent the summer sea ice concentration minimum. With continued thinning, more frequent low summer sea ice events are expected. We suggest that the Last Ice Area, an important refuge for ice-dependent species, is less resilient to warming than previously thought.
cis → trans photoisomerisation of azobenzene: a fresh theoretical look
Authors: Merritt Isabella C. D. , Jacquemin Denis , Vacher Morgane 
Published: July 2021

The cis → trans photo-isomerisation of azobenzene, after excitation to the nπ* and ππ* states, is revisited theoretically using non-adiabatic dynamics simulations in order to reproduce and rationalize the experimentally measured quantum yields.
Antibody microarray analysis of the amniotic fluid proteome for predicting the outcome of rescue cerclage in patients with cervical insufficiency
Authors: Hong Subeen , Park Kyo Hoon , Lee Young Eun , Shin Sue , Kim Hyeon Ji , Kim Yu Mi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Little is known about the biomarkers that can identify patient candidates suitable for rescue cerclage procedure. The purpose of the study was to identify novel biomarkers in amniotic fluid (AF) that can predict the outcome of rescue cerclage in patients with cervical insufficiency by using an antibody microarray. This case–control study was conducted using AF samples collected from singleton pregnant women who underwent rescue cerclage following a diagnosis of cervical insufficiency (19–25 weeks). Patients were divided into case (n=20) and control (n=20) groups based on the occurrence of spontaneous preterm delivery (SPTD) at &lt;34 weeks of gestation after cerclage placement. The AF proteomes were analyzed using an antibody microarray for biomarker discovery work. Ten candidate biomarkers of interest were validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Thirty-one molecules studied showed significant intergroup differences (≥two-fold change in signal intensity). Validation by ELISA confirmed significantly higher levels of a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), S100 calcium-binding protein A8/A9 complex (S100 A8/A9), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in women who had SPTD at &lt;34 weeks. Of these, AF S100 A8/A9 and TIMP-1 levels were independent of other potentially confounding factors (e.g., cervical dilatation). S100 A8/A9 had the highest area under the curve (AUC) at 0.857. Using protein–antibody microarray technology, we identified differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and several novel biomarkers (APRIL, IL-8, MIP-1α, S100 A8/A9, and TIMP-1) in AF from women who had SPTB at &lt;34 weeks after cerclage for cervical insufficiency. These data can provide an insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying SPTD after rescue cerclage in patients with cervical insufficiency.
Reversal of alopecia areata, osteoporosis follow treatment with activation of Tgr5 in mice
Authors: Zhou Xiaohui , Guan Zhiqiang , Jin Xiao , Zhao Jianbin , Chen Guisheng , Ding Jicun , Ren Yile , Zhai Xiaoxiang , Zhou Qiyun , Guan Zhiyuan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground: Alopecia areata is an autoimmune hair loss disease with infiltration of pro-inflammatory cells into hair follicles. The role of Tgr5 in dermatitis has attracted considerable attention. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Tgr5 in the development of Alopecia areata.Methods: The study utilized a comparison control group design with four groups of wild-type group, wild-type+INT777 group, Tgr5−/− group, and Tgr5−/−+INT777 group. The mice were treated with INT777 (30 mg/kg/day) or the carrier solution (DMSO) intraperitoneally for 7 weeks, and the back skin was collected and analyzed by histology and immunohistochemistry staining. The lumbar vertebrae 4 has also been analyzed by DXA and Micro-CT.Results: Tgr5−/− mice displayed the decreasingly significant in hair area and length, skin thickness, and the ratio of anagen and telogen, collagen, and mast cell number and loss the bone mass than WT group. After treating with INT777, the appearance of alopecia areata and bone microstructure has improved. Immunohistochemistry and qPCR analysis showed that activation of Tgr5 can down-regulate the express of JAK1, STAT3, IL-6, TNF-α, and VEGF.Conclusion: These findings indicate that activation of Tgr5 mediated amelioration of alopecia areata and osteoporosis by down-regulated JAK1-STAT3 signaling pathway.
Histone H3K4me1 strongly activates the DNase I hypersensitive sites in super-enhancers than those in typical enhancers
Authors: Kang Yujin , Kang Jin , Kim AeRi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Super-enhancers (SEs), which consist of multiple enhancer elements, are occupied by master transcription factors and co-activators, such as Mediator, and are highly acetylated at histone H3K27. Here, we have characterized the SEs in terms of DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHSs) by analyzing publicly available chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-seq and DNase-seq data of K562 cells and compared with the DHSs in typical enhancers (TEs). DHSs in the SEs were highly marked by histone H3K4me1 than DHSs in TEs. Loss of H3K4me1 by the deletion of catalytic domains in histone methyltransferases MLL3 and MLL4 remarkably decreased histone H3K27ac and histone H3 depletion at SE DHSs than at TE DHSs. The levels of enhancer RNA (eRNA) transcripts and mRNA transcripts from the putative target genes were notably reduced at and near SE DHSs than TE DHSs following H3K4me1 loss. These results indicate that histone H3K4me1 is a marker for DHSs in SEs and that this modification has a more significant impact on the activation of SE DHSs than TE DHSs.
NELL2 modulates cell proliferation and apoptosis via ERK pathway in the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Liu Jianmin , Liu Daoquan , Zhang Xueneng , Li Yan , Fu Xun , He Weixiang , Li Mingzhou , Chen Ping , Zeng Guang , DiSanto Michael E. , Wang Xinghuan , Zhang Xinhua 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBenign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a quite common illness but its etiology and mechanism remain unclear. Neural epidermal growth factor-like like 2 (NELL2) plays multifunctional roles in neural cell growth and is strongly linked to the urinary tract disease. Current study aims to determine the expression, functional activities and underlying mechanism of NELL2 in BPH. Human prostate cell lines and tissues from normal human and BPH patients were utilized. Immunohistochemical staining, immunofluorescent staining, RT-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting were performed. We further generated cell models with NELL2 silenced or overexpressed. Subsequently, proliferation, cycle, and apoptosis of prostate cells were determined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry analysis. The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and fibrosis process were also analyzed. Our study revealed that NELL2 was up-regulated in BPH samples and localized in the stroma and the epithelium compartments of human prostate tissues. NELL2 deficiency induced a mitochondria-dependent cell apoptosis, and inhibited cell proliferation via phosphorylating extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activation. Additionally, suppression of ERK1/2 with U0126 incubation could significantly reverse NELL2 deficiency triggered cell apoptosis. Consistently, overexpression of NELL2 promoted cell proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis. However, NELL2 interference was observed no effect on EMT and fibrosis process. Our novel data demonstrated that up-regulation of NELL2 in the enlarged prostate could contribute to the development of BPH through enhancing cell proliferation and inhibited a mitochondria-dependent cell apoptosis via the ERK pathway. The NELL2–ERK system might represent an important target to facilitate the development of future therapeutic approaches in BPH.
Cascaded speed and current model of PMSM with ultra‐local model‐free predictive control
Authors: Xu Lingliang , Chen Guiming , Li Qiaoyang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDuring the operation of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), the control system is impacted by changes in the internal parameters and by external disturbances, resulting in reduced accuracy. The robustness and anti‐interference ability of a PMSM can be improved using a speed loop‐current loop integrated predictive control method. First, a PMSM mathematical model is constructed considering parameter changes and external disturbances. Second, using only the input and output of the speed loop and the current loop, without involving any motor parameters, an ultra‐local model‐free predictive control model of the speed loop and the current loop is built; this model has a lower sensitivity to parameter changes. Finally, to improve the tracking accuracy for speed and current, an extended state observer (ESO) and a disturbance observation compensator (DOC) are established to observe the total disturbance of system in real time and perform feedforward compensation. The experimental results show that the control model has strong robustness and anti‐interference ability, high stability, high speed, and capable current‐tracking performance.
Cryptographic models of nanocommunicaton network using quantum dot cellular automata: A survey
Authors: Debnath Bikash , Das Jadav Chandra , De Debashis 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSecurity of information is an important issue during the transmission of information. The device that performs the encoding and decoding process is called the encoder and decoder, respectively. The major issues to develop such devices are circuit complexity and power dissipation at the nanoscale level. This can be fixed by utilising the features of reversible logic with Quantum dot cellular automata (QCA) device as a promising archetype for an alternative to the traditional transistor‐based device. QCA has high protection against side‐channel attacks, especially from power analysis attacks. All those features of QCA influence the researchers to explore several QCA‐based cryptographic models of nanocommunication for secure data transmission. Here, the existing QCA‐based circuits for cryptographic architecture are explored and compared concerning their circuit complexity, device area, and operating speeds. The working principles of each of those existing architectures have been demonstrated in detail. Besides, the embedding of reversible logic in QCA cryptographic architecture is also explored. The architectures are compared in terms of the logic used in the design. Finally, the major key issues are identified and addressed in the context of cryptographic models for future secure data transmission processes.
Newly formed downflow lanes in exploding granules in the solar photosphere
Authors: Ellwarth M. , Fischer C. E. , Vitas N. , Schmiz S. , Schmidt W. 
Published: July 2021

Context. Exploding granules have drawn renewed interest because of their interaction with the magnetic field (either emerging or already present). Especially the newly forming downflow lanes developing in their centre seem to be eligible candidates for the intensification of magnetic fields. We analyse spectroscopic data from two different instruments in order to study the intricate velocity pattern within the newly forming downflow lanes in detail.
Aims. We aim to examine general properties of a number of exploding granules, such as their lifetime and extend. To gain a better understanding of the formation process of the developing intergranular lane in exploding granules, we study the temporal evolution and height dependence of the line-of-sight velocities at their formation location. Additionally, we search for evidence that exploding granules act as acoustic sources.
Methods. We investigated the evolution of several exploding granules using data taken with the Interferometric Bidimensional Spectrometer and the Imaging Magnetograph eXperiment. Velocities for different heights of the solar atmosphere were determined by computing bisectors of the Fe I 6173.0 Å and the Fe I 5250.2 Å lines. We performed a wavelet analysis to study the intensity and velocity oscillations within and around exploding granules. We also compared our observational findings with predictions of numerical simulations.
Results. Exploding granules have significantly longer lifetimes (10 to 15 min) than regular granules. Exploding granules larger than 3.8″ form an independent intergranular lane during their decay phase, while smaller granules usually fade away or disappear into the intergranular area (we find only one exception of a smaller exploding granule that also forms an intergranular lane). For all exploding granules that form a new intergranular downflow lane, we find a temporal height-dependent shift with respect to the maximum of the downflow velocity. Our suggestion that this results from a complex atmospheric structure within the newly forming downflow lane is supported by the comparison with synthesised profiles inferred from the simulations. We found an enhanced wavelet power with periods between 120 s to 190 s seen in the intensity and velocity oscillations of high photospheric or chromospheric spectral lines in the region of the dark core of an exploding granule.
Detection of photometric variability in the very low-mass binary VHS J1256-1257AB using TESS and Spitzer
Authors: Miles-Páez P. A. 
Published: July 2021

Aims. We investigate the photometric properties of the M7.5 equal-mass binary VHS J1256-1257AB, which, combined with the late-L dwarf VHS J1256-1257 b, forms one of the few young triple systems of ultra-cool dwarfs currently known.
Methods. We analyzed two-minute TESS and two-second Spitzer archival data with total durations of about 25 days and 36 h, respectively. Typical precision in the data is ±1.5% for TESS and ±0.1% (in 1 min) for Spitzer.
Results. The optical and infrared light curves periodically exhibit epochs of quasi-sinusoidal modulation followed by epochs of stochastic variability, which resembles the beat pattern created by two waves of similar frequencies that interfere with each other. Our two-wave model for the TESS data shows that the components of VHS J1256-1257AB rotate with periods of 2.0782 ± 0.0004 h and 2.1342 ± 0.0003 h, which is also supported by the Spitzer observations. As a result, the fluxes of the equally bright VHS J1256-1257A and B alternate between states of phase and anti-phase, explaining the observed photometric variability in their combined light. The projected spectroscopic velocity of VHS J1256-1257AB is remarkably similar to those obtained by combining the measured rotation periods and the expected radii, which indicates that the spin axes of VHS J1256-1257A and B are likely inclined at nearly 90 deg, as previously reported for VHS J1256-1257 b.
Idiopathische inflammatorische Myopathien: Aktuelles zu Diagnose und Klassifikation
Authors: Tomaras Stylianos , Kekow Jörn , Feist Eugen 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungAuf dem Sektor der Kollagenosen ist der wissenschaftliche Fortschritt bei der Myositis in den letzten 15–20 Jahren bemerkenswert. Durch kontinuierliche Forschung und intensive Vernetzung der Myositis-Experten ist es gelungen, neue Untergruppen zu identifizieren und somit für die Prognose wichtige Organmanifestationen rechtzeitig zu erkennen. Vor dem Hintergrund dieser Neuerungen verfolgt diese Übersichtsarbeit sowohl das Ziel, möglichst alle Facetten der Erkrankung zu präsentieren, als auch die moderne Einteilung der idiopathischen inflammatorischen Myopathien zu erläutern. Außerdem werden die neuen Klassifikationskriterien vorgestellt, die die Kriterien von Bohan und Peter aus dem Jahr 1975 abgelöst haben. Im Artikel werden ihre Stärken und Schwächen sowie ihr Optimierungspotenzial diskutiert.
Heilsame „Schockwelle“
Authors: Hayashi Kenji 
Published: July 2021

SummarySotaiho entstammt als heilgymnastische Methode der traditionellen japanischen Medizin und dient dem Abbau von Gelenkfehlstellungen und Muskelverspannungen sowie der Schulung in Achtsamkeit und Körpergefühl. Durch Fehlbelastungen wie einseitige Bewegungen bei Rechts- oder Linkshändern oder falsches Aufheben verlagert sich der Körperschwerpunkt als Bewegungszentrum von der Körpermitte weg, mit Beckenschiefstand und Wirbelsäulenverkrümmungen als Folge. Für die Technik führt der Patient eine Bewegung (zum Beispiel des Unterschenkels) mit einer Ausatmung von der schmerzenden zur angenehmen Seite aus, woraufhin der Therapeut gegendrückt und der Patient nach 5 sec plötzlich entlastet – was wie eine heilsame „Schockwelle“ in den Körper hineinwirkt.