bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intelligent‐Routing Algorithm for wireless body area networks (I‐RAW)
Authors: Sharma Smita , Mishra V M , Tripathi M M 
Published: September 2021

SummaryThe progressive strides in the exploration of sensing technology and the potential use of electrical devices have rendered a promising technology, termed as Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs). This technology has rendered competency to reform healthcare and making available ubiquitous health care support to remotely located patients. However, the sensor nodes which are embedded on or underneath the body of the patients to measure multifaceted physiological parameters are suffered from the limited battery constraints. In this paper, to address this issue, we propose Intelligent‐Routing Algorithm for WBANs (I‐RAW) to elongate life period of these sensor nodes. The two sinks are located on the front and back side of the patient's body that collects data from the sensor nodes which form clusters and forward the data through the cluster head (CH). We apply Tunicate Swarm Algorithm (TSA) for selection of CH which considers the essential parameters namely, residual energy, network's average energy, distance of node from the sink, path loss model, and energy consumption rate. The use of two sinks in WBAN mitigate hot‐spot problem in the network by avoiding the multi‐hop communication. The simulation results show that I‐RAW improves stability period and network operational period by 37.7% and 42.7%, respectively, as compared to Dual Sink approach using Clustering in Body area network (DSCB) protocol, respectively. Further, I‐RAW also shows supreme performance for various performance metrics as compared to other state‐of‐the‐art protocols.
On the capacity region of the multiple access half‐duplex relay channel
Authors: Al‐Qudah Zouhair , Alrashdan Mohd H. S. , Darabkh Khalid A. 
Published: September 2021

SummaryIn this paper, we consider the transmission over multiple access relay channel (MARC) in which the relay operates in half‐duplex mode. The main contribution of this paper is establishing the capacity of the multiple access half‐duplex relay channel (MAHRC). Toward achieving this goal, we first derive a new achievable rate region. While deriving the achievable rate region, well‐known encoding and decoding schemes, which are used for transmission and reception over the degraded broadcast channel and the multiple access channel, are used. In this transmission scheme, the transmission from the two sources via the half‐duplex relay, to the destination, is split into two phases. Afterwards, an outer bound to the transmission over the discrete memoryless MAHRC is developed. Consequently, we show that the achievable rate region matches the outer bound and therefore the capacity region is formed. Further, the capacity region is extended to the case of Gaussian channel. Additionally, many numerical examples are shown to validate our theoretical derivations. In particular, these numerical examples show that the achievable rate region, and then the capacity, that we derive is larger than the well‐known results in the literature.
Effects of antecedent drying events on structure, composition and functional traits of invertebrate assemblages and leaf‐litter breakdown in a former perennial river of Central Apennines (Aterno River, Abruzzo, Central Italy)
Authors: Di Sabatino Antonio , Coscieme Luca , Cristiano Giovanni 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBecause of global change and increasing anthropogenic pressures, non‐perennial rivers and streams are predicted to drastically increase in the European‐Mediterranean region. Some river basins already subject to reduced levels of available superficial flow may present a further reduction, with a significant increase in intermittence phenomena and complete drought of former perennial rivers. In this context, a sound knowledge of the ecological effects of increasing drying events on these watercourses may help to better predict impacts of the altered flow regime on structure and functions of freshwater ecosystems. In this paper, we assessed the long‐term response of invertebrate assemblages and ecosystems processes to antecedent drying events (drying memory) in a Central Apennine river (Italy). We demonstrated that compared to the perennial reach, the 7‐km downstream intermittent site, after more than 1 year from a complete superficial flow resumption, still conserved the ‘memory’ of past disturbance with marked differences in structure, composition and functional traits of assemblages which, in turn, negatively influenced the leaf‐litter breakdown process. Despite total abundance and taxa richness were on average higher at the intermittent site, antecedent droughts determined a decline of shredders and scrapers and an increase of collectors. In addition, some more sensible, semivoltine and rheophile taxa were replaced by generalist, multivoltine and more resistant taxa. Our findings confirm and extend the ‘drying memory’ hypothesis and suggest that irregular drying events in former perennial Apennine rivers may have dramatic long‐term effects on both structure and functions of lotic ecosystems.
Using coverage‐based rarefaction to infer non‐random species distributions
Authors: Engel Thore , Blowes Shane A. , McGlinn Daniel J. , May Felix , Gotelli Nicholas J. , McGill Brian J. , Chase Jonathan M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUnderstanding how species are non‐randomly distributed in space and how the resulting spatial structure responds to ecological, biogeographic, and anthropogenic drivers is a critical piece of the biodiversity puzzle. However, most metrics that quantify the spatial structure of diversity (i.e., community differentiation), such as Whittaker’s β‐diversity, depend on sampling effort and are influenced by species pool size, species abundance distributions, and numbers of individuals. Null models are useful for identifying the degree of differentiation among communities due to spatial structuring relative to that expected from sampling effects, but do not accommodate the influence of sample completeness (i.e., the proportion of the species pool in a given sample). Here, we develop an approach that makes use of individual‐ and coverage‐based rarefaction and extrapolation, to derive a metric, βC, which captures changes in intraspecific aggregation independently of changes in the species pool size. We illustrate the metric using spatially explicit simulations and two case studies: (1) a re‐analysis of the “Gentry” plot data set consisting of small forest plots spanning a latitudinal gradient from North to South America and (2) comparing a large plot in high diversity tropical forests of Barro Colorado Island, Panama, with a plot in a lower diversity temperate forest in Harvard Forest, Massachusetts, USA. We find no evidence for systematic changes in spatial structure with latitude in these data sets. As it is rooted in biodiversity sampling theory and explicitly controls for sample completeness, our approach represents an important advance over existing null models for spatial aggregation. Potential applications range from better descriptors of biogeographic diversity patterns to the consolidation of local and regional diversity trends in the current biodiversity crisis.
Mini‐pillar Based Multi‐channel Electrochemical Platform for Studying the Multifactor Silver Electrodeposition
Authors: Li Zehua , Song Yongchao , Fan Chuan , Xu Tailin , Zhang Xueji 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHere, we demonstrated a mini‐pillar based multi‐channel electrochemical platform that can efficiently adjust multiple electrochemical deposition parameters in the microdroplet arrays to control and predict the final structures of silver nanomaterials. Each mini‐pillar is capable of anchoring microdroplet to form a separate microreactor, and the electrodes are integrated to achieve a multi‐channel electrochemical electrodeposition platform. We systematically investigated the multiple deposition parameters of silver nanostructures and summarized the relevant experience of electrochemical silver deposition to guide silver nanostructure preparation. Such the mini‐pillar based microdroplet platform provides an approach for further high‐throughput and intelligent nanomaterial fabrication.
Multiscale evaluation method of the drag effect on shallow water flow through coastal forests based on 3D numerical simulations
Authors: Nomura Reika , Takase Shinsuke , Moriguchi Shuji , Terada Kenjiro , LeVeque Randall J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study presents a method for determining the drag parameter in the 2D shallow water (SW) equation for flows through a coastal forest by conducting a series of 3D numerical simulations (3D NSs). Following the theory of multiscale modeling, an evaluation method procedure is proposed. We first prepare a local test domain that contains a sufficient number of trees to constitute part of a coastal forest. Then, 3D NSs are conducted in this test domain with various inflow conditions. Based on the corresponding results, the momentum losses over the test domain are converted into the drag parameter of the global SW equation. A response surface of the drag parameter is constructed as a function of the flow conditions. The stabilized finite element method is employed for both the local and the global NSs, and the phase‐field method is utilized to represent 3D free surfaces. Comparisons between the 2D SW calculation results and the 3D NS results are also performed to verify the validity of the proposed method.
Iron production in Ptolemaic Egypt: From the Abu Gerida specular hematite mines to the Hamama smelting workshop
Authors: Abd El‐Rahman Yasser , Serneels Vincent 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlthough ancient Egypt has a firmly established record of mining and metallurgy of gold and copper, iron production in ancient Egypt is less well documented. Evidence of ancient iron manufacture in Egypt is to be found in the burnt plant remains, slag fragments, and a furnace‐like structure discovered in the Hamama workshop in the Eastern Desert of Egypt. The iron ore required for iron production was delivered from the nearby specular hematite mines of the Abu Gerida area. This Egyptian specularite is geochemically distinguished from other Mediterranean varieties of specularite such as those in Elba, Tuscany, and Seriphos Island. The bloomery iron smelting process in the Hamama workshop produced two types of slags: furnace slags and tapping slags. These two types show different petrographic features and geochemical signatures. Some of the geochemical signatures of the slags, such as their high calcium contents, were derived from charcoal, while others were related to the ore used during the smelting process. Radiocarbon dating of the charred plant remains from the Hamama workshop suggests that the iron smelting activities took place in the early Ptolemaic era. Iron production was seasonal and was conducted by locals who most likely had dynamic socioeconomic ties with the urban centers of the Nile valley.
Breeding custom‐designed crops for improved drought adaptation
Authors: Varshney Rajeev K. , Barmukh Rutwik , Roorkiwal Manish , Qi Yiping , Kholova Jana , Tuberosa Roberto , Reynolds Matthew P. , Tardieu Francois , Siddique Kadambot H. M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe current pace of crop improvement is inadequate to feed the burgeoning human population by 2050. Higher, more stable, and sustainable crop production is required against a backdrop of drought stress, which causes significant losses in crop yields. Tailoring crops for drought adaptation may hold the key to address these challenges and provide resilient production systems for future harvests. Understanding the genetic and molecular landscape of the functionality of alleles associated with adaptive traits will make designer crop breeding the prospective approach for crop improvement. Here, we highlight the potential of genomics technologies combined with crop physiology for high‐throughput identification of the genetic architecture of key drought‐adaptive traits and explore innovative genomic breeding strategies for designing future crops.
A method to remove the influence of fixative concentration on postmortem T2 maps using a kinetic tensor model
Authors: Tendler Benjamin C. , Qi Feng , Foxley Sean , Pallebage‐Gamarallage Menuka , Menke Ricarda A. L. , Ansorge Olaf , Hurley Samuel A. , Miller Karla L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFormalin fixation has been shown to substantially reduce T2 estimates, primarily driven by the presence of fixative in tissue. Prior to scanning, post‐mortem samples are often placed into a fluid that has more favourable imaging properties. This study investigates whether there is evidence for a change in T2 in regions close to the tissue surface due to fixative outflux into this surrounding fluid. Furthermore, we investigate whether a simulated spatial map of fixative concentration can be used as a confound regressor to reduce T2 inhomogeneity. To achieve this, T2 maps and diffusion tensor estimates were obtained in 14 whole, formalin‐fixed post‐mortem brains placed in Fluorinert approximately 48 hr prior to scanning. Seven brains were fixed with 10% formalin and seven brains were fixed with 10% neutral buffered formalin (NBF). Fixative outflux was modelled using a proposed kinetic tensor (KT) model, which incorporates voxelwise diffusion tensor estimates to account for diffusion anisotropy and tissue‐specific diffusion coefficients. Brains fixed with 10% NBF revealed a spatial T2 pattern consistent with modelled fixative outflux. Confound regression of fixative concentration reduced T2 inhomogeneity across both white and grey matter, with the greatest reduction attributed to the KT model versus simpler models of fixative outflux. No such effect was observed in brains fixed with 10% formalin. Correlations between the transverse relaxation rate R2 and ferritin/myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) histology lead to an increased similarity for the relationship between R2 and PLP for the two fixative types after KT correction.
Mental health of people of diverse genders and sexualities in Aotearoa/New Zealand: Findings from the New Zealand Mental Health Monitor
Authors: Tan Kyle K. H. , Wilson Adelaide B. , Flett Jayde A. M. , Stevenson Brendan S. , Veale Jaimie F. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIssues addressedTo examine the mental health inequities, and social exclusion and isolation and protective factor differences between people of diverse genders and sexualities (lesbian/gay, bisexual, gender diverse and takatāpui) and cisgender and heterosexual people in Aotearoa/New Zealand.MethodsWe employed data from the pooled probability sample of 2016 and 2018 New Zealand Mental Health Monitor. The sample comprised of 2938 people at least 15 years old, of which 93 had diverse gender and sexuality identities. Generalised linear models were used to test for differences in mental health (current and lifetime mental distress, depression, anxiety, self‐harm and suicide), social exclusion and isolation, and friend and family support for people of diverse genders and sexualities. We also conducted exploratory linear regression analyses to examine whether mental health difficulties were associated with social exclusion and isolation and friend/family support.ResultsPeople of diverse genders and sexualities had high rates of mental health difficulties across all variables we examined. For example, people identifying as diverse genders and sexualities had three times the risk of considering self‐harm and suicide than their cisgender and heterosexual counterparts (22% vs 5%; RR = 3.12). People of diverse genders and sexualities also scored an average of 6.08 points higher on the 27‐point PHQ‐9 depression scale when they had experienced social isolation, and 4.01 points higher when they experienced social exclusion.ConclusionOur results are consistent with current literature on the large mental health inequities faced by people of diverse genders and sexualities.So what?Policy makers and health care providers in Aotearoa/New Zealand should consider the negative mental health consequences of social exclusion and isolation for people of diverse genders and sexualities.
Hybrid nanofluid (MoS2–SiO2/water) flow with viscous dissipation and Ohmic heating on an irregular variably thick convex/concave‐shaped sheet in a porous medium
Authors: Yaseen Moh , Rawat Sawan K. , Kumar Manoj 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe objective of the present investigation is to find the convex and concave shape effects on radiative hybrid nanofluid (MoS2–SiO2/water) flow. Moreover, the surface is assumed to be permeable in an attempt to achieve the suction/injection of hybrid nanofluid through the surface of a stretching/shrinking sheet. As a novelty, the flow is studied under the influence of space‐ and temperature‐reliant heat source/sink, viscous dissipation, Ohmic heating on stretching/shrinking surface embedded in a porous medium. First, similarity transformations are used to transcribe the momentum and thermal equations in nondimensional form, and then Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method is used to solve the hybrid nanofluid flow problem numerically. Effects of the convex and concave shape of the sheet with nanoparticles volume fraction, Eckert number, space‐ and temperature‐dependent heat source/sink, thermal radiation parameter, and suction/injection parameter on the temperature and velocity profiles are studied. Results reveal that the convex‐shaped stretching/shrinking sheet assists both flow and thermal distribution of hybrid nanofluid (MoS2–SiO2/water) flow in comparison to the concave‐shaped sheet. The role of Eckert number and both heat source parameters is to increase the temperature of the hybrid nanofluid (MoS2–SiO2/water) flow as well as heat transfer rate at the surface of the sheet. When the volume fraction of SiO2 nanoparticles is increased from 1% to 5%, the heat transfer coefficient also increases by 15.47% and 14.28%, for flow over the convex‐ and concave‐shaped sheets, respectively.
Joule–Thomson effect investigations on a cryogenic three‐fluid–three thermal communication heat exchanger
Authors: Chodankar Vishnudas Alias Vipul L. , Aswatha  , Krishna V. , Seetharamu K. N. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe present study investigates the Joule–Thomson (JT) effect due to pressure drop on three‐fluid heat exchangers (HXs) with three thermal communications. The increased miniaturization of cryogenic HXs has led to the introduction of the JT effect. The present study investigates JT effects on a three‐fluid HX with three communications presenting different JT effects, which leads to a rise or drop in effectiveness values. The study is carried out using finite element analysis and MATLAB, considering seven nondimensional parameters of which one is JT pressure drop. The highest effectiveness is achieved for the positive JT effect at the hot stream. This improved effectiveness at hot fluid is achieved by maintaining the size (number of transfer units) of the HX more than 3.1, along with the ratio of the cold fluid heat capacity to the hot fluid heat capacity above 0.8 and the intermediate fluid temperature above 0.7.
Numerical investigation into flow and solidification behavior of billet continuous casting with and without mold electromagnetic stirring
Authors: Gupta Vipul Kumar , Jha Pradeep Kumar , Jain Pramod Kumar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMold electromagnetic stirring (M‐EMS) in the continuous casting process improves the metallurgical quality of the caster as it acts as a dendrite breaker and increases the heat transfer. In this study, a numerical model of molten steel flow and solidification of continuous casting billet caster is developed. Further, this model is coupled with M‐EMS to investigate the influence of stirring on molten steel flow dynamics and solidification in the mold. The magnetic field calculations are performed in ANSYS Maxwell and computational fluid dynamics solver Fluent is used for flow field and heat transfer calculations. The fluid flow, temperature field, and solidification are investigated and compared with without M‐EMS case. The results indicate that the application of M‐EMS significantly changes flow dynamics in the mold. Strong swirl flow is dominant and a significant increment in tangential velocity is observed in the presence of M‐EMS. High intense rotational flow about the strand center gives rise to the superheat transfer near the solidification front, which further enhances the temperature in this region and thereby decreases the solidification thickness in the M‐EMS‐affected zone
Renal effects of long‐term lithium therapy, revisited
Authors: Yazıcı M. Kâzım , Özçelik Eroğlu Elçin , Ertuğrul Aygün , Anıl Yağcıoğlu A. Elif , Ağaoğlu Esen , Karahan Sevilay , Eni Nurhayat , Sağlam Aykut Demet , Kavak Özlem , Erdem Yunus 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of lithium treatment on renal function and to determine influencing factors. In addition, the utility of spot urine protein/creatinine ratio in detection of lithium induced nephropathy was also investigated.MethodsSerum concentrations of lithium, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and urinalysis including protein/creatinine ratio were measured in 375 patients using lithium.ResultsPatients taking lithium for ≥8 years had higher BUN, creatinine levels, percentage of proteinuria, percentages of stage 2 and 3 chronic kidney disease (CKD); lower urine density and eGFR compared to patients taking lithium <8 years. Urine density was lower in groups with >0.8 and 0.6–0.8 mmol/L lithium level than <0.6 mmol/L. Predictors of CKD were serum level of lithium, dose of lithium, cumulative duration of lithium use, age at onset of illness, and caffeine consumption.ConclusionsDetrimental effects of lithium on renal functions were detected after lithium use for ≥8 years. Proteinuria measured by spot urine protein/creatinine ratio can be detected even when eGFR is >90 ml/min/1.73 m2. Spot urine protein/creatinine ratio, which is a cost‐effective and practical laboratory test, can be used to monitor lithium‐treated patients.
Duloxetine attenuates pain in association with downregulation of platelet serotonin transporter in patients with burning mouth syndrome and atypical odontalgia
Authors: Nakamura Mariko , Yoshimi Akira , Mouri Akihiro , Tokura Tatsuya , Kimura Hiroyuki , Kishi Shinichi , Miyauchi Tomoya , Iwamoto Kunihiro , Ito Mikiko , Sato‐Boku Aiji , Ozaki Norio , Nabeshima Toshitaka , Noda Yukihiro 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was evaluation of the association between severity of pain and expression of total or ubiquitinated serotonin transporter (SERT) protein in patients with burning mouth syndrome and atypical odontalgia (BMS/AO), who were treated by duloxetine.MethodsPatients with BMS/AO were assessed for severity of pain using the visual analog scale (VAS), and expression of total and ubiquitinated SERT protein in platelets before (baseline) and 12 weeks after duloxetine‐treatment.ResultsThe expression of total and ubiquitinated SERT protein at baseline in all patients (n = 33) were higher and lower, respectively, compared to those in healthy controls. 12 weeks after duloxetine‐treatment, there was no difference in the total SERT protein levels between patients (n = 21) and healthy controls. In the 16 patients who could be measured, mean VAS scores and total SERT protein levels were significantly decreased after the treatment, compared to those at baseline. There was tendency for a positive correlation between total SERT protein levels and VAS scores in these patients.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that duloxetine relieves pain in association with downregulation of platelet SERT expression in patients with BMS/AO.