bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weather index insurance will offset heat-induced rice loss under global warming
Authors: Zhang Jing , ZHANG Z , Wang Chenzhi , Zhang LiangLiang , Tao Fulu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Global warming threatens food security through causing increasing and severe yield losses from heat extremes, especially for smallholder rice-cropping farmers in Asia. Weather index insurance (WII) could transfer weather-related risks, secure farms’ income, and recover agricultural systems. Under future warming scenarios, however, the related studies are still scarce. Here, compared with the historical period (1961-2010), heat-induced loss will approximately increase by up to 5%, 18%, and 26% at 2100 under three shared socioeconomic pathways of CMIP6, respectively. As an ex-ante strategy, county-specific WII will improve farmers’ income by up to 13% and stabilize it by up to 36%, even though the pure premium rate of WII will increase by 10% at 2050 and by 30% at 2100. For the first time, our study proves WII is one effective adaptation strategy for the most susceptible farmers under global warming and has the potential to be applied for other crops and countries.
Factors Influencing Degradation Kinetics of mRNAs And Half-Lives of MicroRNAs, circRNAs, lncRNAs In Blood In Vitro Using Quantitative PCR
Authors: Wang Chong , Liu Hui 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: RNAs are rapidly degraded in samples and during collection, processing and testing. In this study, we used the same method to explore the half-lives of different RNAs and the influencing factors, and compared the degradation kinetics and characteristics of different RNAs in whole blood and experimental samples.Methods: Fresh anticoagulant blood samples were incubated at room temperature for different durations, RNAs were extracted, and genes, including internal references, were amplified by real-time quantitative PCR. A linear half-life model was established according to cycle threshold (Ct) values. The effects of experimental operations on RNA degradation before and after RNA extraction were explored. Quantitative analysis of mRNA degradation in samples and during experimental processes were explored using an orthogonal experimental design.Results: The storage duration of blood samples at room temperature had the greatest influence on RNA degradation. The half-lives of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) was 16.4 h. The half-lives of circular RNAs (circRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) were 27.6h, 21.1h and 11.4h, respectively.Conclusion: RNA degradation occurred mainly in blood samples, and the half-lives of mRNAs and miRNAs were similar. Quantitative experiments related to mRNAs should be completed within 2 h. The half-lives of circRNAs and lncRNAs were longer than those of the former two.
Investigation of the Effect of Compaction on the Anaerobic Digestion Process
Authors: Chen Guangyin , Cao Hai-Nan , Fan Xue-Qian , Sun Yi-Chen , Wang Jing , Dong Jingzhu , Wu Pei 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper aims to evaluate the effects of compaction on the anaerobic biodegradability of straw. In the study, compaction tests were carried out at different applied pressures, i.e., 0 (CK), 277 (T1), 555 (T2), and 1109 Pa (T3), respectively. The changes in physicochemical indicators (i.e., pH, VFA, COD, and DHA) of the liquid digestate were monitored. Factor analysis was adopted to analyze biogas production's main factors in the bath Anaerobic digestion (AD) process. Changes in the surface structures and composition of solid digestate were analyzed. The results showed that the maximum gain in biogas production was 298.35mL·g− 1TS for the T2 reactor, significantly higher than that of CK and T3 reactors. The effect of compaction on the physicochemical index of liquid digestate was not significant during the batch-type AD process. The factor analysis results suggested that the major factors affecting biogas production were influenced by the compaction and varied based on the different stages of digestion. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the straw surface was damaged as the compaction increases; however, the degree of damage was not significant. This research concluded that compaction on gas production via changing the environment during the bath AD process and proper compaction could positively affect biogas' yield, while excessive compaction will inhibit gas production.
Evaluation of Health-Related Quality of Life of Covid-19 Patients: A Hospital-Based Study in South Central Ethiopia
Authors: Kaso Abdene , Agero Gebi , Hurisa Zewdu , Kaso Taha , Ewune Helen Ali , Hailu Alemayehu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Covid-19 causes a wide range of symptoms in patients, ranging from mild manifestations to severe disease and death. This study assessed the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and associated factors of Covid-19 patients using primary data from confirmed cases in South Central Ethiopia.Methods: We employed a facility-based, cross-sectional study design and conducted the study at the Bokoji Hospital Covid-19 treatment centre. A structured questionnaire and the EQ-5D-3L scale were used to collect the data for analysis. The HRQOL results measured by the EQ-5D-3L tool were converted to a health state utility (HSU) using the Zimbabwe tariff. The average health utility index and HSU–visual analogue scale across diverse sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test or Kruskal-Wallis test. We employed a multiple linear regression to examine the associations of predictor variables with HSU values simultaneously. The data were analysed using STATA version 15. Results: The overall mean HSU score from the EQ-5D was 0.688 (SD: 0.285), and the median was 0.787 (IQR: 0.596, 0.833). The mean HSU from the visual analogue scale score was 0.69 (SD: 0.129), with a median of 0.70 (IQR: 0.60, 0.80). Those who received dexamethasone and intranasal oxygen supplement, those with comorbidity, those older than 55 years and those with a hospital stay of more than 15 days had significantly lower HSU scores than their counterparts (p<.001).Conclusion: Covid-19 substantially impaired the HRQOL of patients in Ethiopia, especially among elderly patients and those with comorbidity. Therefore, clinical follow-up and psychological treatment should be encouraged for these groups. Moreover, the health utility values from this study can be used to evaluate quality adjusted life years for future cost-effectiveness analyses of prevention and treatment interventions against Covid-19.
FACT For Fast And Three-Dimensional Imaging of Intact Tissues
Authors: Farrar Zohreh , Khoradmehr Arezoo , Tsutsui Kazuyoshi , He Yuanyuan , Baghban Neda , Nabipour Iraj , Nowzari Fariborz , Tamadon Amin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Free of Acrylamide Sodium Fast Free-of-Acrylamide Clearing Tissue (FACT) is a developed technique using no acrylamide for clearing tissues. As the lipid removal normally is a harmful process and it causes loss of biological molecules such as proteins and on the other hand is crucial for transparency and efficient antibody staining throughout the whole tissue especially for microscopy and imaging, the FACT technique is suitable since it makes chemical bonding of membrane and intracellular proteins with the extracellular matrix creating a massive three-dimensional (3D) matrix and structural support to fortify the tissue during processing. Compared to other acrylamide-based techniques, FACT requires less labor, toxic, and harmful chemicals. Here we describe protocols encompassing every angle and dimension of the FACT protocol for antibody staining and imaging of whole-cleared tissues while preserving the structure and increasing the image quality. The entire protocol includes tissue perfusion, fixation, clearing, antibody staining, Refractive Index Matching (RIM), microscopy, and imaging; this timing varies due to the size, weight, different kind of tissues and the type of immunostaining. This technique has been favorably performed on different types of tissues for molecular interrogation analysis of large tissues.
“Visualization” of Pain using Cerebral 18 F-FDG PET/CT Following Surgical Treatment of Lumbar Disc Herniation
Authors: Støttrup Christian Christensen , Constantinescu Caius , Piri Reza , Khosravi Mohsen , Newberg Andrew , Andersen Mikkel Østerheden , Alavi Abass , Høilund-Carlsen Poul Flemming 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We hypothesised that unilateral leg pain following surgical treatment of lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is associated with an increase in the glucose metabolism of the contralateral thalamus. Patients scheduled for surgery due to LDH underwent 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) less than two weeks prior to surgery. Their thalamic FDG uptake was measured and expressed as the mean and partial volume corrected mean standardized uptake values (SUVmean and cSUVmean). These measures were compared with patient-related outcome measures collected pre- and 1-year postoperatively: back and leg pain on a 0-100 VAS scale and health related quality of life as measured by the EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D). Twenty-six patients (10 females) aged 49.7 ± 7.4 (mean ± SD) years were included. There was a significant correlation between painful body side and increased contralateral thalamic uptake of FDG, with regard to cSUVmean values. Correlation analyses including clinical parameters and cSUVmean indicated some association with 1-year change in EQ-5D. These preliminary data sustain the hypothesis that unilateral pain in patients with LDH is associated with increased glucose metabolism in the contralateral thalamus, suggestion a central role of thalamus in chronic pain perception.
Genotype - Phenotype Correlation Among Haemoglobin E β-thalassaemia Patients
Authors: Masra Farin , Razak Siti , Murad Nor , Chong Doris , Loh C-Khai , Sabudin Raja , Aziz Nur , Muda Zulaiha , Ibrahim Hishamshah , Latiff Zarina 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background and objectives: Haemoglobin E β-thalassaemia has a variable clinical presentation. This study describes the clinical spectrum of these patients in two thalassaemia centers in Malaysia in addition to determining the prevalence of selected primary and secondary genetic modifiers which may influence its phenotype. Methods: A total of 99 patients were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Clinical parameters and severity scoring were determined. Molecular analysis was performed: Sanger sequencing and MLPA for β globin mutations; multiplex PCR for α-globin gene deletions and RFLP-PCR for XmnI polymorphism.Results: Patients with mild HbE β-thalassaemia were diagnosed at a later age as compared to the severe group (mean 3.14 and 1.6 years, p = 0.03). Haemoglobin level at diagnosis was higher for the mild group as compared to severe group (7.9 g/dL ± 1.97 and 6.0 g/dL ± 1.00, p = 0.02). The commonest β mutation in Malays were IVS1-5 (51.69%) and CD41/42 (20.2%) whereas in the Chinese, IVS2-654(44.4%) and CD41/42(33.4%). Single α-gene deletion (-α3.7/αα) was found in 4% of patients and none were homozygous for XmnI (+/+) polymorphism. Conclusion: Age at presentation and haemoglobin level at initial diagnosis is useful as clinical predictors of disease severity. The majority of our patients had β° gene mutation i.e. IVS1-5 and CD41/42, which accounted for the moderate to severe phenotype based on clinical severity scoring.
Female Tilapia Strategising Energy Mobilisation Differently For Growth Or Reproduction Depend On Living Environments
Authors: Razali Ros Suhaida , Rahmah Sharifah , Ghaffar Mazlan Abd , Lim Leong-Seng , Amornsakun Thumronk , Nhan Hua Thai , Chang Yu Mei , Liang Li Qun , Chen Young-Mao , LIEW HON JUNG 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the energy mobilization and ionoregulation pattern of tilapia living recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) and cage culture environments. Three different groups of tilapia were compared as tilapia cultured in RAS (Group I - RAS), tilapia cultured in open water cage (Group II - Cage) and tilapia transferred from cage to RAS (Group III - Compensation) as physiology compromising model. Results revealed that Group II tilapia mobilized glycogen as primarily energy for daily exercise activity and promoted growth, whilst tilapia from Group I and III mobilised lipid to support gonadogenesis and protein reserved for somatogensis. The gills and kidney NKA activities remained relative stable to maintain balance homeostasis with a electrolytes level. As a remark, this study revealed that tilapia re-strategized their energy mobilization pattern in accessing glycogen as easy energy to support exercise metabolism and mobilized lipid and protein for growth and gonadal development.
Dieulafoy's Lesion in the Gaster Secondary to the Resection of Lung Cancer: A Rare Case Report Presentation
Authors: Liu Boheng , Xu Yanzhao , Gai Chunyue , Qie Anran , Tian Ziqiang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Dieulafoy’s lesion is a dilated, aberrant, submucosal vessel that erodes the overlying epithelium without obvious ulceration. Dieulafoy's lesion is a rare disease, meanwhile the lesion secondary to resection of lung cancer is even extremely rare. It is most commonly located in the lesser curvature of the stomach but rarely occurrences in extragastric sites have also been reported. To summarize the key points in the diagnosis and treatments of this disease, we present a clinical case of acute gastrointestinal bleeding due to Dieulafoy's lesion in the gaster secondary to resection of lung cancer.Case presentation: An 58-year-old woman presented with a clinical condition of haematemesis and haematochezia associated with anaemia and haemodynamic instability, needing blood transfusion. After many changes of body position, when the patient was in prone position, we finally found jet bleeding on the gastric body near the great curvature of gastric fundus under gastroscopy, and then we performed successfully with hemostatic clip placement. Hospitalization occurred without further com plications. There was no recurrence after 18 months follow-up.Conclusion: It is essential to be aware of this lesion as a possible cause of gastrointestinal bleeding and especially thoracic postoperative acute gastrointestinal appears. Timely and effective endoscopy can improve the diagnosis rate of these lesions and reduce the related mortality. At the same time, we need to pay attention to the patients with the risk factors in the perioperative period to reduce the incidence of Dieulafoy's lesion.
The Value of Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging In Detecting Delayed Brain Development of Premature Infants
Authors: Zhao Xin , Zhang Chunxiang , Zhang Bohao , Yan Jiayue , Wang Kaiyu , Zhu Zitao , Zhang Xiaoan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective Preterm infants are at high risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcome. Our aim is to explore the value of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) in diagnosing brain developmental disorders in premature infants.Materials and Methods A total of 52 subjects were included in this study, including 26 premature infants as the preterm group, and 26 full-term infants as the control group. Routine magnetic resonance imaging and DKI examination were performed. Mean kurtosis (MK), radial kurtosis (RK), fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD) values were measured in the brain regions including posterior limbs of the internal capsule (PLIC); anterior limb of internal capsule (ALIC); parietal white matter (PWM); frontal white matter (FWM); thalamus (TH); caudate nucleus (CN); genu of the corpus callosum (GCC). The X2, t test, Spearman’s correlation analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC)were used for data analyses.Results In the premature infant group, the MK and RK values of PLIA, ALIC, and PWM were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The FA values of PWM, FWM and TH were also lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). The AUCs of MK in PLIC and ALIC, MD in PWM, and FA in FWM were 0.813, 0.802, 0.842 and 0.867 (P<0.05). In thalamus and caudate nucleus, the correlations between MK, RK values and PMA were higher than those between FA, MD values and PMA.Conclusions DKI can be used as an effective tool in detecting brain developmental disorders in premature infants.
An Overview of the Trajectory of Brazilian Individuals with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome Until Diagnosis.
Authors: Silva Isabela Mayá Wayhs , Gil-da-Silva-Lopes Vera Lúcia 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11.2DS) is a rare disease that has as an important characteristic the clinical heterogeneity. The diversity of organs, regions, and systems of the body that can be affected requires periodic updating of health professionals so that they can recognize this clinical signs as belonging to 22q11.2DS. Updated health professionals are equally important for the appropriate and timely establishment of clinical management for individuals with a positive diagnosis. In this context, this article aimed to map and analyse the access to health care for individuals with 22q11.2DS until the moment of diagnosis. Results: We analysed clinical data of 111 individuals with 22q11.2DS registered in the Brazilian Database on Craniofacial Anomalies (BDCA) from 2008 to 2020. In this study, individuals were diagnosed with a median age of 9 years (mean = 9.7 years). Before genetic investigation, they accessed 68.75% of the international recommended evaluations available at BDCA. Recurrent 22q11.2DS clinical manifestations as delayed neuropsychomotor development, lip and/or palate defects, cardiac malformation and/or hematological/immunological alteration co-occurred in at least 72.06% of individuals. Cardiac malformation was the only clinical alteration that led to a lower median diagnostic age, corresponding to 6.5 years of age with a cardiac malformation versus 11 years of age without a cardiac malformation (p = 0.0006). Conclusions: In Brazil, 22q11.2 DS is under recognized and early diagnosis and management of affected individuals are still a distant reality. In this sense, the identification followed by the correction of obstacles that do not allow this reality are essential to increase life expectancy and improve the quality of life of these individuals in Brazil
Correlation of Hyperandrogenemia and Metabolic Syndrome in Thai Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).
Authors: Indhavivadhana Suchada , Kuichanuan Matinuch , Wongwananuruk Thanyarat , Techatraisak Kitirat , Chantrapanichkul Panicha , Dangrat Chongdee 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome compared between hyperandrogenemia and non-hyperandrogenemia in Thai women with PCOS, and to identify factors significantly associated with metabolic syndrome in this PCOS population.Methods: Thai PCOS women were conducted during 2010-2018. Patients were categorized into the non-hyperandrogenemia group or the hyperandrogenemia group defined by total testosterone >0.8 ng/mL or free testosterone >0.006 ng/mL or dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) >350 mcg/dL. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed according to National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Demographic, anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical blood data were collected and analyzed.Results: 520 PCOS women were included. 22.6% had metabolic syndrome and 75.0% had hyperandrogenemia. Free testosterone cut-off to define hyperandrogenemia for determining metabolic syndrome in PCOS yielded the highest sensitivity (88.9%) and the highest negative predictive value (90.8%). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 27.1% in hyperandrogenemia and 9.2% in non-hyperandrogenemia. Factors significantly associating with metabolic syndrome in Thai PCOS women were age, BMI, free testosterone, and DHEA-S.Conclusion: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was to be significantly higher in hyperandrogenemia women than in their non-hyperandrogenemia counterparts. Older age, higher BMI, higher free testosterone, and lower DHEA-S were all identified as factors significantly associated with metabolic syndrome.
Effects of supplementation with heat shock cognate 17 KDA protein (HSC70) on in vitro bovine embryo viability
Authors: Arredondo Aimé Jazmín Garza , Ávila Diana Elisa Zamora , Velásquez Uziel Castillo , Degollado Gustavo Moreno , Sánchez José Fernando De La Torre , Reynozo Sandra Pérez , Vega J. Rubén Cervantes 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Endogenous heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein (HSC70) has a vital role in early embryonic development. This study assessed the effects of exogenous HSC70 on bovine embryo development and expression of genes associated with apoptosis. Expression analyses of HSPA1A, HSPA8, Bcl-2, and Bax genes were performed in bovine embryos in vivo on day 7 of development. Subsequently, expression of HSPA1A and HSPA8 were associated with apoptotic genes (Bcl-2 and Bax) in cultured bovine embryos in vitro that were supplemented with various concentrations (0 or control group, 50, and 100 ng) of HSC70. The results indicated that the control group (0 ng) in vitro embryos had higher expression of HSPA8, Bax, and Bcl-2 genes, compared with the vivo embryos (P < 0.01). In vitro-produced embryos supplemented with 50 ng or 100 ng HSC70 had higher expression of HSPA1A, HSC70, Bcl-2, and Bax genes, compared with the control group (P < 0.01). Embryos supplemented with 100 ng had greater expression of the HSPA8 gene compared with the control group and the group supplemented with 50 ng. However, embryos supplemented with 50 ng had better characteristics (i.e., stage of development and quality) than the control and 100-ng groups. In conclusion, supplementation of in vitro culture medium with HSC70 promoted development to the blastocyst stage and improved blastocyst quality.
First Report Of IgE Sensitization To Anisakis Simplex In a Healthy Population in Colombia
Authors: Garzon Jenniffer Alejandra Castellanos , Ubeira Florencio , Pustovrh Maria , Salazar Liliana , Daschner Alvaro , Cuellar Carmen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The anisakiasis is little known in Colombia and rarely diagnosed. However, reports of fish parasitized by anisakid larvae in South America are increasing. The objective was determine the prevalence of sensitization to Anisakis simplex in a healthy population in Colombia. Cross-sectional survey of 150 volunteers from Universidad del Valle’s community, Cali, Colombia. Past medical history, including eating habits associated with fish consumption was assessed. Prevalence of IgE antibodies was determined by the ELISA- Trisakis 170 kit for the recombinant allergens Ani s 1 and Ani s 7. Two sera (1.3%) of blood tested were positive to the Ani s 7 antigen, while for Ani s 1 all sera were negative. This research is the first exploratory study on Anisakis prevalence conducted in Colombia, the results do not indicate a major problem. Nevertheless, more epidemiological studies are needed.