bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meiotic chromosome axis remodelling is critical for meiotic recombination inBrassica rapa
Authors: Cuacos Maria , Lambing Christophe , Pachon-Penalba Miguel , Osman Kim , Armstrong Susan J , Henderson Ian R , Sanchez-Moran Eugenio , Franklin F Christopher H , Heckmann Stefan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMeiosis generates genetic variation through homologous recombination (HR) that is harnessed during breeding. HR occurs in the context of meiotic chromosome axes and the synaptonemal complex. To study the role of axis remodelling in crossover (CO) formation in a crop species, we characterized mutants of the axis-associated protein ASY1 and the axis-remodelling protein PCH2 in Brassica rapa. asy1 plants form meiotic chromosome axes that fail to synapse. CO formation is almost abolished, and residual chiasmata are proportionally enriched in terminal chromosome regions, particularly in the nucleolar organizing region (NOR)-carrying chromosome arm. pch2 plants show impaired ASY1 loading and remodelling, consequently achieving only partial synapsis, which leads to reduced CO formation and loss of the obligatory CO. PCH2-independent chiasmata are proportionally enriched towards distal chromosome regions. Similarly, in Arabidopsis pch2, COs are increased towards telomeric regions at the expense of (peri-) centromeric COs compared with the wild type. Taken together, in B. rapa, axis formation and remodelling are critical for meiotic fidelity including synapsis and CO formation, and in asy1 and pch2 CO distributions are altered. While asy1 plants are sterile, pch2 plants are semi-sterile and thus PCH2 could be an interesting target for breeding programmes.
The Right to a Fair Trial in International Law
Authors: Clooney Amal , Webb Philippa 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This book brings together the diverse sources of international law that define the right to a fair trial in the context of criminal proceedings. It aims to make the law accessible to counsel and meaningful to victims in courtrooms all over the world. By focusing on what the right to a fair trial means in practice, it seeks to bring to life the commitment made by over 170 states parties to the ICCPR. The book is subdivided into 14 substantive chapters each dealing with one component of the right to a fair trial. Each chapter collates and analyses international sources, highlighting both consensus and division in the international jurisprudence. The book aims to be the global reference for the most frequently litigated human right in the world.
Stellar flares from blended and neighbouring stars in Kepler short cadence observations
Authors: Jackman James A G , Shkolnik Evgenya , Loyd R O Parke 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
We present the results of a search for stellar flares from stars neighbouring the target sources in the Kepler short cadence data. These flares have been discarded as contaminants in previous surveys and therefore provide an unexplored resource of flare events, in particular high-energy events from faint stars. We have measured M dwarf flare energies up to 1.5 × 1035 erg, pushing the limit for flare energies measured using Kepler data. We have used our sample to study the flaring activity of wide binaries, finding that the lower mass counterpart in a wide binary flares more often at a given energy. Of the 4430 flares detected in our original search, 298 came from a neighbouring star, a rate of 6.7 ± 0.4 per cent for the Kepler short cadence light curves. We have used our sample to estimate a 5.8 ± 0.1 per cent rate of false positive flare events in studies using Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite short cadence data.
On the non-axisymmetric fragmentation of rings generated by the secular gravitational instability
Authors: Pierens Arnaud 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Ringed structures have been observed in a variety of protoplanetary discs. Among the processes that might be able to generate such features, the Secular Gravitational Instability (SGI) is a possible candidate. It has also been proposed that the SGI might lead to the formation of planetesimals during the non-linear phase of the instability. In this context, we employ two-fluid hydrodynamical simulations with self-gravity to study the non-axisymmetric, non-linear evolution of ringed perturbations that grow under the action of the SGI. We find that the non-linear evolution outcome of the SGI depends mainly on the initial linear growth rate. For SGI growth rates smaller than typically σ ${\lesssim}$ 10−4–10−5 Ω, dissipation resulting from dust feedback introduces a m = 1 spiral wave in the gas, even for Toomre gas stability parameters Qg &gt; 2 for which non-axisymmetric instabilities appear in a purely gaseous disc. This one-armed spiral subsequently traps dust particles until a dust-to-gas ratio ϵ ∼ 1 is achieved. For higher linear growth rates, the dust ring is found to undergo gravitational collapse until the bump in the surface density profile becomes strong enough to trigger the formation of dusty vortices through the Rossby Wave Instability (RWI). Enhancements in dust density resulting from this process are found to scale with the linear growth rate, and can be such that the dust density is higher than the Roche density, leading to the formation of bound clumps. Fragmentation of axisymmetric rings produced by the SGI might therefore appear as a possible process for the formation of planetesimals.
ALMA detection of millimetre 183 GHz H2O maser emission in the Superantennae galaxy at z ∼ 0.06
Authors: Imanishi Masatoshi , Hagiwara Yoshiaki , Horiuchi Shinji , Izumi Takuma , Nakanishi Kouichiro 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
We present the results of Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) band-5 (∼170 GHz) observations of the merging ultraluminous infrared galaxy, the ‘Superantennae’ (IRAS 19254−7245), at z = 0.0617, which has been diagnosed as containing a luminous obscured active galactic nucleus (AGN). In addition to dense molecular line emission (HCNJ = 2–1, HCO+J = 2–1, and HNC J = 2–1), we detect a highly luminous (∼6 × 10$^{4}\, \mathrm{L}_{\odot }$) 183 GHz H2O 31,3–22,0 emission line. We interpret the strong H2O emission as largely originating in maser amplification in AGN-illuminated dense and warm molecular gas, based on (1) the spatially compact (≲220 pc) nature of the H2O emission, unlike spatially resolved (≳500 pc) dense molecular emission, and (2) a strikingly different velocity profile from, and (3) significantly elevated flux ratio relative to, dense molecular emission lines. H2O maser emission, other than the widely studied 22 GHz 61,6–52,3 line, has been expected to provide important information on the physical properties of gas in the vicinity of a central mass-accreting supermassive black hole (SMBH), because of different excitation energy. We here demonstrate that with highly sensitive ALMA, millimetre 183 GHz H2O maser detection is feasible out to &gt;270 Mpc, opening a new window to scrutinize molecular gas properties around a mass-accreting SMBH far beyond the immediately local Universe.
Voter Registration Among People With HIV in North Carolina
Authors: Schranz Asher J , Belenky Nadya , Moss Haley A , Napravnik Sonia , Rosen David L 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Persons with HIV (PWH) represent a socially and medically vulnerable population who often depend on public resources. We examined voter registration among PWH in North Carolina. Sixty-four percent were registered to vote. Registration was lower among PWH who were young, Hispanic, publicly insured or uninsured, and who had poor HIV health status.
Posthuman Bliss?
Authors: Levin Susan B. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTranshumanists urge us to pursue the biotechnological heightening of select capacities, above all, cognitive ability, so far beyond any human ceiling that the beings with those capacities would exist on a higher ontological plane. Because transhumanists tout humanity’s self-transcendence via science and technology, and suggest that bioenhancement may be morally required, the human stakes of how we respond to transhumanism are unprecedented and immense. In Posthuman Bliss? The Failed Promise of Transhumanism, Susan B. Levin challenges transhumanists’ overarching commitments regarding the mind, brain, ethics, liberal democracy, knowledge, and reality in a more thoroughgoing and integrated way than has occurred thus far. Her critique shows transhumanists’ notion of humanity’s self-transcendence into “posthumanity” to be pure, albeit seductive, fantasy. Levin’s philosophical conclusions would stand even if, as transhumanists proclaim, science and technology supported their vision of posthumanity. They offer breezy assurances that posthumans will emerge if we but allocate sufficient resources to that end. Yet, far from offering theoretical and practical “proof of concept” for the vision that they urge upon us, transhumanists engage inadequately with cognitive psychology, biology, and neuroscience, often relying on questionable or outdated views within those fields. Having shown in depth why transhumanism should be rejected, Levin defends a holistic perspective on living well that is rooted in Aristotle’s virtue ethics but adapted to liberal democracy. This holism is thoroughly human, in the best of senses. We must jettison transhumanists’ fantasy, both because their arguments fail and because transhumanism fails to do us justice.
Welfare Reform and Market Conformity
Authors: Black Timothy , Keyes Sky 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This chapter summarizes the post-1970s neoliberal restructuring of US state welfare that culminated in the 1996 welfare reform act. The authors demonstrate how neoliberal welfare reform, combined with changes in the labor force, has destabilized families and left both low-income mothers and fathers with fewer options for subsistence, particularly during economic downturns. They also show how the devolution of authority for welfare provision from the federal to the state government resulted in state reductions in public assistance during times of economic crisis due to a decline in state tax revenues and because subsidizing businesses in the state was a priority. Further, by viewing the perspectives of couples in the first part of the decade and among fathers after the Great Recession, we see how neoliberal state changes are viewed through a gendered lens.
“I Ain’t No Fucking Check, I’m a Father”
Authors: Black Timothy , Keyes Sky 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this chapter, the authors turn their attention to child support policies that were central to 1996 welfare reform, to the organization of Child Support Enforcement in Connecticut, and to Fatherhood Initiative programs that proliferated across the nation after 1998. They explore how low-income fathers made sense of and responded to this changing landscape, paying particular attention to their gendered locations in the family but also to their different racial experiences. Further, they examine how the reorganization of state welfare and child support enforcement was about “getting the money” in an era of state austerity but also about the institutionalization of symbolic power, through which the courts defined, stigmatized, and managed the lives of a marginalized population, reaffirming racial and class hierarchies.
Public Housing and the Streets
Authors: Black Timothy , Keyes Sky 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In the next two chapters, the authors focus on the most marginalized fathers in the study. While it is apparent that prisons have become institutions for warehousing the most marginalized populations, public housing developments in the 1970s and after provided a similar institutional mechanism—they became depositories for the poorest families in urban America. A little less than one-fourth of the men in this study spent some of their childhood growing up in public housing, and nearly all of them were racial minorities (93 percent). Further, nearly three-quarters of this group were either locked up or unemployed at the time of the interview. This does not include fathers who grew up in surrounding neighborhoods, many of whom had similar reputations as the “PJs” themselves. It is in these urban spaces that fathers became exposed to the drug trade, robberies, and structural and interpersonal violence, and it is here where they became fathers.
Fathering Through the Looking Glass
Authors: Black Timothy , Keyes Sky 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this chapter, the authors look more closely at fathers’ lives on the streets, the ways in which the criminal justice system intersected with and shaped their lives, their experiences of relating with children and mothers while incarcerated, and their perspectives on fatherhood within the institutional interstices of the streets, police, prisons, and community reentry. Key contradictions are examined that challenge marginalized fathers, including reconciling masculinity on the streets with being available and present to children, as well as reconciling norms and expectations of being nurturing fathers with preparing children for living in violent social spaces.
Fathers Making Sense of It All
Authors: Black Timothy , Keyes Sky 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This chapter examines the cultural frames and narratives fathers used to represent themselves, tell a coherent story about their lives, and project an identity of themselves into their futures. It was rare that their frames and narratives conveyed an understanding of the systemic class, racial, and ethnic inequalities and barriers that confront them. More generally, fathers were reactive to moralistic discourses that cast them as irresponsible, unreliable, negligent, deadbeat dads. They attempted to derive socially valued identities along a range of symbolic boundaries that included distinguishing themselves from fathers who relied on welfare, from fathers uninvolved in their children’s lives, and, most of all, from their own irresponsible, absent fathers. They adopted individualistic narratives about taking responsibility, “manning up,” and making fatherhood central to their lives. The men imagined themselves doing better and, in nearly all cases, being engaged fathers was at the center of these projected, hopeful constructions.
Understanding Communication and Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Hammel Alice M. , Hourigan Ryan M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Communication is one of the considerable challenges faced by children with autism. Before a child with autism can learn, their must be able to communicate. This chapter includes information on communication traits and characteristics of persons with autism as well as steps to obtain effective communication with students with autism in the music classroom. Other topics include joint attention, reciprocation, echolalia, receptive and expressive language, and augmentative and alternative communication for students with autism in the music classroom.
Classroom Behavior and Students with Autism
Authors: Hammel Alice M. , Hourigan Ryan M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Understanding behavior and the intent of a behavior is key to successfully teaching music to children with autism. This chapter includes the following topics: child behavior development and autism; typical behavior interventions and strategies used by special educators; outbursts, meltdowns, and other disruptions; and how routine and schedule interact with a student with autism and their behavior. Specific teacher vignettes with strategies are included.
Autism, Sensory Dysfunction, and Music Education
Authors: Hammel Alice M. , Hourigan Ryan M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Many people with autism struggle with sensory integration challenges. This may have a large impact on their ability to learn music. This chapter addresses the following topics: understanding sensory challenges; tactile strategies for the music classroom; visual strategies for the music classroom; vestibular and proprioceptive strategies in the music classroom; auditory strategies in the music classroom; sensory motor and motor planning; and how to address self-stimulating sensory behavior in the music classroom. Vignettes from teachers in the field are provided for context.
Classroom and Ensemble Snapshots of Teaching Music to Students with Autism
Authors: Hammel Alice M. , Hourigan Ryan M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This chapter contains short case studies or vignettes that were provided by music teachers in the field who are actively teaching students with autism. It also provides examination and discussion of possible generalizations to all music classrooms. Contributions include the following: classroom-based vignettes and discussion; performance-based vignettes and discussion; and strategies and tips for the music classroom.
Music Teacher Education and Students with Autism
Authors: Hammel Alice M. , Hourigan Ryan M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
As of the publication of this book, 1 in 59 children are diagnosed with autism. Therefore, it is most likely that music teachers will teach a student who is challenged by Autism Spectrum Disorder. It is well known throughout the music education community that often preservice music educators receive knowledge and skills through coursework outside the school or department of music. This chapter is designed to provide the tools and structure for music teachers to learn through well-crafted fieldwork experiences that include time in class with students on the spectrum.
Resources for Music Teachers
Authors: Grimsby Rachel 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This chapter is intended to offer a wide array of print and media resources related to autism spectrum disorder. These resources include websites that list information on individual diagnoses, information on available therapies, instructional strategies, rights for individuals with autism, advocacy information, and forums for discussion. Apps (applications) for phones and tablets are also listed. These apps either assist in communication or learning, or are apps caregivers may use to support behavior and transitions. Lastly, a list of readings has been provided. Readings include practitioner and scholarly articles, theses, and dissertations, as well as books.
Aspects of Neuroplasticity
Authors: Zerilli John 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The brain exhibits an impressive degree of plasticity, even as it ages. Plasticity is really an intrinsic feature of the nervous system, not an exceptional or occasional state. Neuroplasticity comprises a family of different types of plasticity. Of these, synaptic plasticity is perhaps the best-understood variety, and it plays an important role in cortical map reorganization and memory consolidation. Cortical map plasticity is of direct relevance to any discussion of modularity. There are two types of cortical map plasticity: intramodal (within a modality) and crossmodal. Crossmodal plasticity is likely to arise from the underlying supramodal (or “metamodal”) organization of the brain.
Modules Reconsidered
Authors: Zerilli John 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The previous chapter argued that we ought to regard dissociability as the sine qua non of modularity. As for what in the brain meets this standard of modularity, the only likely candidate will be something resembling a cortical column. But this is not guaranteed. The effects of the neural network context may so compromise a region’s ability to maintain a set of stable input–output relations that it cannot be considered a genuine module. The brain’s network structure poses particular difficulties for modularity, since even if we were to treat nodes as modules, still we could be missing the point—the key to networks lies not in their nodes, but in the structure of their interactions, and these interactions make pinning down what any single node “does” a fraught enterprise. The chapter includes a table of specificity for brain regions.
Are Modules Innate?
Authors: Zerilli John 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
It should by now be clear that modules are sensitive with respect to such experiences as learning, injury, and sensory deprivation, regardless of how young or mature the organism happens to be. And yet this is not the full story. The brain’s plasticity is definitely constrained. While plasticity is an intrinsic and crucial feature of the nervous system, it is important to emphasize that the brain is not open-endedly plastic. Furthermore, a brain region can be innate in a relatively strong sense and yet fail to reach the threshold characteristics of a genuine module. A bias, after all, is not a specialization.
Saving Faculty Psychology
Authors: Zerilli John 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The future of faculty psychology depends in no small part on the productive collaboration between neuroscience and psychology. The argument from multiple realization has posed a significant philosophical stumbling block to this quest in the past. Multiple realization should not be taken as an empirical given—establishing that a kind is multiply realizable takes a good deal of work, as Shapiro has been at pains to show; and even when the existence of an MR kind can be verified, the details of its implementation do not suddenly become irrelevant. Structure and function are two sides of the same coin. Thus the multiple realization argument provides no basis for neglecting the discoveries of neuroscience. Faculty psychology’s strength lies precisely in its willingness to work with neuroscience.
Career Outcomes for Master’s-Level Industrial-Organizational Psychologists
Authors: Shoenfelt Elizabeth L. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This chapter provides those considering earning a master’s degree in industrial-organizational (I-O) psychology with information about the type of job opportunities available after graduation. Common occupational titles, organizational roles, and salary ranges are identified for both recent I-O graduates and those later in their careers. Job positions reflect a broad range of roles and include talent management, data analytics, human resources, organization development, and consulting. Graduates of I-O psychology master’s programs are primarily working in jobs related to their I-O degree and overwhelming perceive their I-O degree to be valuable. I-O master’s alumni report a high level of career satisfaction and perceive that their I-O skills are highly valued by employers.
Getting a Job
Authors: Shoenfelt Elizabeth L. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This chapter provides readers with critical insights into the nuts and bolts of conducting a job search. Specific actions that industrial-organizational master’s students can take to execute a successful job search are provided. Actions in graduate school that lay a foundation for a successful job search include developing an elevator speech, pursuing internships (paid or unpaid), participating in applied projects, and ensuring a professional social media image. Strategies for completing an application, using applicant tracking systems, writing résumés and cover letters, responding to phone screens, preparing for interviews, and demonstrating job offer etiquette are provided. These strategies enable most job seekers to land one or multiple job offers within six months of graduation.