bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence in Lithuania: Results of National Population Survey
Authors: Šmigelskas Kastytis , Petrikonis Kęstutis , Kasiulevičius Vytautas , Kalėdienė Ramunė , Jakaitienė Audronė , Kaselienė Snieguolė , Sauliūnė Skirmantė , Beržanskytė Aušra , Stankūnas Mindaugas 
Published: January 2021

Background. Betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has spread in early 2020 worldwide just in several months. The official statistics are consistently collected, but this is mainly based on symptomatic reports. This study was aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Lithuanian population.Materials and methods. Study was conducted during August–September 2020 in 6 municipalities of Lithuania. The sample comprised 3087 adult participants from the general population (mean age 53.7 years, 64% female). SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were assessed using AMP IgM/IgG Rapid Test, other data were based on self-report. Seroprevalence was assessed as a crude estimate and as adjusted by sensitivity-specificity of the test.Results. The crude seroprevalence in the total sample was 1.9%, the adjusted – 1.4%, ranging from 0.8% to 2.4% across municipalities. Among seroprevalent cases, 67.2% had IgG, 29.3% had IgM, and 3.5% had both IgG and IgM. An increased risk for seropositive test was observed among people who reported having had close contacts with SARS-CoV-2 positives (OR=5.49, p<0.001). At the borderline significance were female gender (OR=1.75, p=0.082) and non-smoking status (OR=2.95, p=0.072). Among the seropositive participants, 69.0% reported having had no COVID-19 symptoms since 1 March 2020, while 31.0% reported having had at least one of the symptoms.Conclusions. The SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Lithuanian sample in August–September 2020 was 1.4%, ranging from 0.8% to 2.4% across municipalities. Given the overall official data, by the end of study (11 September 2020) the total COVID-19 rate in Lithuania was 117.5 per 100,000 population or 0.12%. This suggests more than 10 times higher prevalence of virus across the population than the official estimates.
Promoting microstructural homogeneity during flash sintering of ceramics through thermal management
Authors: Jones Gareth M. , Biesuz Mattia , Ji Wei , John Sandra Fisher , Grimley Carolyn , Manière Charles , Dancer Claire E. J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFlash sintering (FS) is a novel field-assisted sintering technology, where the ceramic is heated internally by the Joule effect. While FS promises a tremendous reduction of ceramic firing time and furnace temperature, it has been applied only at the laboratory scale to date. The key limitation of scaling up the technique to the industrial manufacturing level is the intrinsic difficulty managing the heat generation and obtaining homogenous microstructures in components of industrial interest. Heterogeneous regions primarily originate from the different types of thermal gradients that develop during FS; therefore, the management of heat generation is crucial to achieve uniformity. In this article, we discuss the advantages of controlling the microstructural homogeneity of ceramics during FS, and the technical routes to achieve this. The origin and formation mechanisms of thermal gradients upon flash sintering are outlined. Possible approaches to reduce thermal and microstructural gradients are identified. The opportunities and challenges in scale-up of FS are discussed from both industrial and scientific perspectives.
N-Glycosylation Profiles of the Green Microalgae Chlorella Zofingiensis
Authors: YAMAN Mehmet Emrah , ALADAĞ Erdinç , KAYILI Hacı Mehmet , KADIOĞLU Yücel , SALİH Bekir 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, the use of microalgae species as raw materials in biopharmaceutical production is on the agenda. The reason behind this idea is that microalgae are cell factories that are able to efficiently utilize carbon dioxide for the production of numerous biologically active compounds. However, there are several problems that remain to be solved in the production of recombinant protein from microalgaes. One of the critical requirements is to produce a bio-compatible N-glycosylation profile from the secreted recombinant proteins. However, the knowledge about the glycosylation machinery and N-glycan profiles of microalgae spices are quite limited. In the study, it was aimed to characterize N-glycan profiles of a green microalgae, Chlorella zofingiensis. To achieve this, photoautotrophically grown Chlorella zofingiensis extracts including (glyco-)proteins were enzymatically deglycosylated and labelled with 2-aminobenzoic acid tag. Released N-glycans were purified with a HILIC-based approach and analyzed by MALDI-TOF(/TOF)-MS. The results showed that C. zofingiensis included oligomannosidic type N-glycan patterns. In addition, N-glycosylation profiles of C. zofingiensis by MALDI-MS revealed that most of the oligomannosidic N-glycans were phosphorylated.

Öz
Günümüzde, mikroalg türlerinin biyofarmasötik üretiminde hammadde olarak kullanımı konusu tartışılmaktadır. .Bu fikrin altında yatan temel neden mikro alglerin, biyolojik olarak aktif çok sayıda bileşenin üretimi için karbon dioksiti etkin bir şekilde kullanabilen hücre fabrikaları olmasıdır. Bununla birlikte, mikroalglerden rekombinant protein üretiminde kullanılması için çözülmesi gereken birkaç sorun mevcuttur. Kritik gereksinimlerden birisi salgılanan rekombinant proteinlerden biyo-uyumlu bir N-glikozilasyon profile üretmektir. Ancak mikroalg türlerinin glikozilasyon makineleri ve N-glikan profilleri hakkındaki bilgiler oldukça sınırlıdır. Bu çalışmada, yeşil bir mikroalg türü olan Chlorella zofingiensis ‘in N-glikan profilinin karakterize edilmesi amaçlandı. Bu amaçla (gliko-)proteinleri içeren fotoototrofik olarak yetiştirilmiş Chlorella zofingiensis ekstreleri enzimatik olarak deglikozile edildi ve 2-aminobenzoik asit etiketi ile etiketlendi. Serbest hale getirilen N-glikanlar HILIC bazlı bir yaklaşımla saflaştırıldı ve MALDI-TOF (/TOF)-MS ile analiz edildi. Sonuçlar C. zofingiensis'in oligomannozidik türde N-glikan modellerini içerdiğini göstermiştir. Ek olarak, MALDI-MS tarafından C. zofingiensis'in N-glikosilasyon profilleri, oligomannosidik N-glikanların neredeyse yarısının fosforilenmiş olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.
Role of upper respiratory tract fibroscopy in patients with cervical lymph node metastases from squamous-cell carcinoma without the primary tumor found
Authors: Krylovetskaya M. A. , Komarov I. G. , Kontsevaya A. Yu. , Malikhova O. A. 
Published: January 2021

Background. The detection of primary tumor in patients with cervical lymph node metastases without the primary tumor found is very important, because its location often determines the treatment strategy. The study objective is to analyze the capabilities of upper respiratory tract fibroscopy for the detection of primary tumor in patients with cervical lymph node metastases from squamous-cell carcinoma without the primary tumor found.Materials in methods. A total of 70 patients with cervical lymph node metastases without the primary tumor found, in whom cytological examination of biopsy specimens collected from cervical lymph nodes revealed squamous-cell carcinoma, underwent upper respiratory tract fibroscopy in N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology between January 2017 and May 2020.Results. In 24 out of 70 patients, fibroscopy helped to identify the primary tumor and collect biomaterial for morphological examination. Twelve patients were found to have oropharyngeal cancer; ten patients were diagnosed with nasopharyngeal cancer; and 2 patients had laryngopharyngeal cancer. Fifteen out of 24 patients had tumors less than 1.2 cm.Conclusion. Upper respiratory tract fibroscopy is a highly effective method for detecting small asymptomatic tumors. It can be recommended for the examination of patients with metastases from squamous-cell carcinoma without the primary tumor found, if the primary tumor is believed to be located in the upper respiratory tract
Transhyoid approach in surgical treatment of oropharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Karpenko A. V. , Sibgatullin R. R. , Boyko А. А. , Kostova М. G. 
Published: January 2021

The study objective is to assess functional and oncologic results of transhyoid approach used for surgical treatment of oropharyngeal carcinoma.Materials and methods. Operative records, hospital charts and data from out-patient department of 55 patients (T1 – 6, T2 – 16, T3 – 19, T4 – 14) with oropharyngeal carcinoma operated via a transhyoid approach were reviewed. Postoperative period was reviewed for complications. All oncologic adverse events were registered with special emphasis on the rate of local recurrence. A univariate analysis with chisquare and Fisher’s exact test was used to check the correlation between tumor factors and surgical variables (complications, mode of reconstruction). The influence of tumor- and treatment-related variables (T stage, differentiation, perineural invasion, p16 status, depth of invasion, extension to the oral cavity, adjuvant treatment) on the rate of local recurrence was studied in the same way. The log-rank test was used to assess differences in survival curves. The data was compared with other series of patients treated with the same technique.Results. Seventeen (30,9 %) patients developed 29 complications. There was 1 postoperative death. Five (9,1 %) patients required repeated operation. The mode of reconstruction (primary closure vs flaps) was a major factor influencing the rate of complications. Fifty (92,6 %) patients were able to resume oral diet with a duration of nasogastric tube feeding of 7–35 days. Three-year overall/disease-specific survival for the whole cohort were 47 and 51,1 %, for p16-positive (22 %) cohort – 65,6 and 87,5 %, for p16-negative (78 %) cohort – 40,6 and 46,8 %. Thirteen (24 %) patients developed a local recurrence. The rate of local recurrence was negatively affected by p16 negativity (p = 0,048), depth of invasion >10 mm (p = 0,044) and depth of invasion >15 mm (p = 0,003).Conclusion. Transhyoid approach may be considered as a surgical option for treatment of oropharyngeal carcinoma with acceptable rate of complications.
Preoperative detection of papillary and medullary thyroid cancer metastases in the lymph nodes of the neck lateral cellular tissue using a molecular classifier
Authors: Titov S. E. , Katanyan G. A , Poloz T. L. , Izmaylova L. G. , Zentsova О. А. , Dryaeva L. G. , Anishchenko V. V. 
Published: January 2021

Introduction.The main method of preoperative diagnosis of thyroid tumors and the identification of possible metastasis is a cytological examination of smears obtained by fine-needle aspiration biopsy. However, the cytological material of the lymph nodes may not be adequate, and the detection of metastases faces a number of difficulties. In our recent study, we described a variant of the molecular classifier that allows the detection and typing of malignant thyroid tumors by analyzing several molecular markers in cytological preparations.The study objectivewas to assess the applicability of the developed method for the preoperative detection of metastases of papillary and medullary thyroid cancer in the lymph nodes of the neck lateral cellular tissue.Materials and methods.A total of 86 cytological samples were used, obtained from individual lymph nodes of 62 patients who had a diagnosis – thyroid cancer. Samples were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction regarding the preselected set of molecular markers: the BRAF V600E mutation, the normalized concentration of HMGA2, FN1 and SERPINA1 mRNA, 5 miRNAs and the mitochondrial/nuclear DNA ratio. The decision tree-based classifier was used to discriminate between benign and malignant samples.Results.The previously described classifier, based on the analysis of the BRAF V600E mutation, the content of HMGA2 mRNA, 3 miRNAs and the mitochondrial/nuclear DNA ratio, revealed metastases of thyroid cancer with good specificity (98 %) but less sensitivity (83 %). Therefore, a new classifier was built, including three markers – HMGA2 and FN1 mRNA, and miRNA-375, which, with regard to the detection of metastases, showed good sensitivity – 93 % with a slight decrease in specificity (up to 96 %).Conclusion.Thus, we demonstrated the possibility of preoperative detection of thyroid cancer metastases in the lymph nodes of the neck lateral cellular tissue by analyzing several molecular markers in cytological material.
Role of periodontal pathogens in carcinogenesis of squamous-cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa
Authors: Kazimov A. E. , Mudunov A. M. , Grigorievskaya Z. V. , Zaderenko I. A. , Alieva S. B. , Bagirova N. S. , Petukhova I. N. , Tereshchenko I. V. , Pak M. B. 
Published: January 2021

The study objective is to evaluate the effect of periodontal microorganisms on development of squamous-cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa and the risk of its recurrence.Materials and methods. Microbiological study of biomaterials from 150 patients was performed. The study group included 100 patients with T3–T4 squamous-cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa and was subdivided into two subgroups with 50 patients in each. The control group included 50 patients.Results. Analysis of the results obtained in the subgroup of primary patients showed the following trends: in 2 (50 %) of 4 patients with Fusobacterium spp., recurrence of the main disease was observed as well as a case of distant metastasis into the bones. Among 35 patients with Prevotella spp. in the biomaterials, in 16 (45.7 %) recurrence of the tumor was observed. Among 10 patients with Veillonella spp., recurrence was observed in 20 %. The most common aerobic microorganism was Streptococcus spр. Among patients who underwent treatment at the N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, recurrence was diagnosed in 28.5 %, distant metastases in 4.7 %. In the subgroup of repeat patients, the following trends were observed: among 27 patients with Fusobacterium spp., recurrence of the main disease was observed in 63 %. Among 26 patients with Prevotella spp. in the biomaterial, in 11 (42.3 %) local recurrence was observed. Among 24 patients with Veillonella spp., recurrence developed in 33.3 %. The most common aerobic microorganism was Streptococcus spр., recurrences developed in 21 % of cases.
Assessment of adenoid hypertrophy with clinical grading versus radiology and endoscopy- A cross-sectional study
Authors: O Sadhana , Jyothirmai A.S.L , Satish Chandra T , Murthy P.S.N 
Published: January 2021

Chronic adenoid hypertrophy is the most common presentation seeking medical advice in pediatric age group. Evaluation of adenoid enlargement is usually done clinically, but its reliability in young children is questionable. Although various diagnostic procedures have been proposed to diagnose adenoid hypertrophy, there is poor concordance on the ideal method by clinicians. The purpose of this study is to corroborate a clinical grading that could guide the clinicians in accurate diagnosis of adenoid hypertrophy and to warrant the cases needing adenoidectomy and to calibrate this clinical grading with endoscopic and x-ray findings.A cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary health care among 60 children aged between 3-14 years who presented with signs and symptoms of chronic adenoid hypertrophy are evaluated with clinical grading, endoscopy, lateral neck x-ray, and findings were documented. The proposed clinical grading comprised of nasal and paranasal symptoms, ear complaints, craniofacial abnormalities, and sleep disturbances.The statistical analysis was done with Pearsons Chi square test and the correlation between endoscopic and clinical grading is highly significant (p=0.0006), and there is also a strong correlation between radiological and endoscopic grading (p=0.0003), the correlation between clinical grading and radiological finding (p=0.04) was significant.Clinical grading was found to be a reliable parameter for assessment of the severity of adenoid hypertrophy. Though x-ray is a convenient procedure for diagnosing adenoid hypertrophy, it was found to be less accurate in assessing the clinical implications when compared to endoscopy.
Influence of different agroecological conditions of southern Russia on quality indicators of raw milk
Authors: Gorlov I. F. , Slozhenkina M. I. , Mishina O. Y. , Karpenko E. В. , Mosolova N. I. 
Published: January 2021

Aim. To demonstrate the high adaptive abilities of dairy cattle to various ecosystems and natural zones of the Lower Volga at different times of the year. For the study we selected farms located in the steppe and semi-desert natural zones of the Volgograd region where animals of different breeds are reared.Material and Methods. Analysis was undertaken of the main indicators of raw milk quality, amino acid composition and environmental safety. Animals of all farms studied showed fairly high indicators of milk productivity in the climatic conditions of the Volgograd region, according to the standards of the breeds investigated.Results. The content of essential amino acids in cow milk for all groups varied depending on the breed and period of the year, generally reaching maximum values in winter. The calculation of amino acid scores showed that lysine is a limiting amino acid in animals of the Holstein-Friesian breed in the summer and autumn periods of lactation. The determination of chemical elements in milk during the summer period of lactation showed that all indicators are within acceptable concentrations, including heavy metals (lead, arsenic, cadmium, mercury).Conclusion. The research conducted confirms compliance of raw milk with standards in all farms studied for the main controlled indicators of quality and amino acid composition, content of chemical elements and allows recommendation of the milk produced for the production of all types of dairy and fermented milk products.
Intramural Valves of Lymphatic Capillaries of Intestinal Villi in Rats
Authors: Kashin A. D. , Dimov I. D. , Zdorikova M. A. , Sesorova I. S. , Karelina N. R. , Mironov A. A. 
Published: January 2021

The article highlights a complex of interendothelial connections of the lymphatic capillary of the rat intestinal villi, and focuses on the path of chylomicron transport through the lymphatic capillary wall after lipid loading.Material and methods. An experimental model was used to exclude a high lipid load; chymus from do- nor rats was injected with a syringe into the initial section of the small intestine in 10 Wistar rats. Chymus was collected from the initial section of the small intestine of donor animals 60 min after oral administration of 1.5 ml of corn oil. The control group consisted of the animals exposed to 12-hour fasting. The material was studied using transmission electron microscopy.Results. It was shown that most often cells are connected by tile-like (66±2.2%) or simple finger-like (27±2.4%) contacts, reinforced with a tight connection and a point adhesive (at the extreme point of contact). An- chor filaments located on the basal surface of endothelial cells at some distance from the extreme contact point “fixed” the lymphatic capillary wall, ensuring its stretching, changing the pressure inside the capillary and opening the valve. Under low lipid load, the main transport pathway of lipids from the interstitium of the intestinal villus to the lumen of the lymphatic capillary was through adhesive intercellular contacts. No chylomicrons were found in the lumen of plasmolemmal vesicles and kidneys. Caveolae in the endothelial cells of the lymphatic capillary, both after lipid loading and in hungry animals, were few. Caveolosomes were rare in both groups. Under low lipid load, no fusion of vesicles with the formation of transendothelial canals was found.Conclusions. The detected structure of contacts of the lymphatic capillary endothelium morphologically substantiates the hypothesis of the regulated resorption of interstitial fluid and macromolecules into the lumen of the lymphatic capillary.
Comprehensive Assessment of the Knee Joint Structures in Young Men and Men of the First Period of Adulthood Using Sonography
Authors: Udochkina L. A. , Grinberg E. B. , Galushko T. G. 
Published: January 2021

The aim of the study was to comprehensively assess the structure of the knee joint in young men and men of the first period of adulthood with normosthenic constitution using the ultrasonography technique.Material and methods. V.V. Bunak anthropometry technique (1941), B.A. Nikityuk and V.P. Chtetsov somatotyping (1990) and clinical examination of patients were used to form study groups, 25 people each with Pignet index from 17 to 23 without chronic diseases and pathology of the knee joint. Complex ultrasound examination was performed using ultrasound scanners "Sonoline G-60", Siemens (Germany), and Aloka 5500 Pro-Sound (Japan) with a linear transducer, 10 MHz frequency, and a convex transducer, 3.5 MHz frequency, in Ortho, Carotid and Abdomen modes with the "ZOOM" function. Morphometry was carried out using reference points. The obtained data were statistically processed by methods of variation statistics with a significance level of P≤0.05.Results. There was detected a significant increase in the transverse and vertical dimensions of the condyles of the femur, and an increase in the thickness of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments in men of the first period of adulthood compared with the young men. The articular cartilage tended to restructure, this was manifested in thinning of its hypoechoic component and thickening of the hyperechoic component; the appearance of surface defects was more pronounced on the tibia. Ultrasound examination did not reveal age-related changes in the menisci of the knee joint, patellar ligaments and collateral ligaments.Conclusion. Ultrasound examination of the knee joint in young men and men of the first period of adulthood allowed establishing age-related transformations of the condyles of the femur, cruciate ligaments and articular cartilage.