bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adherence to triple‐component antihypertensive regimens is higher with single‐pill than equivalent two‐pill regimens: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sung Jidong , Ahn Kye Taek , Cho Byung‐Ryul , Lee Sung Yun , Kim Byung Jin , Kim Dae Kyeong , Park Joong‐il , Lee Wang‐Soo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUsing a single‐pill combination (SPC) for hypertension (HTN) treatment resulted in better adherence and persistence than a free‐equivalent combination in previous observational studies. The aim of this study is to confirm superior adherence with a triple‐component SPC compared with an equivalent two‐pill regimen in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) using a medication event monitoring system (MEMS). This is a multicenter, open‐label, RCT. Subjects were persons with HTN whose clinic blood pressure was not adequately controlled (systolic >140 mmHg or diastolic >90 mmHg) with a dual combination. Eligible patients were randomized to either the triple‐component SPC (olmesartan/amlodipine/hydrochlorothiazide 20/5/12.5 mg) group or the equivalent two‐pill (olmesartan/hydrochlorothiazide 20/12.5 mg + amlodipine 5 mg) group and maintained for 12 weeks. Primary outcomes were the difference in percentage of doses taken (PDT) and percentage of days with the prescribed dose taken correctly (PDTc) between the single‐ and two‐pill therapy groups, calculated from MEMS data. From 8 hospitals, 145 patients with HTN were randomized. The single‐pill group had significantly higher PDT and PDTc than the two‐pill group: median (25–75 percentile) PDT 95.1 (86.7–100.0) versus 92.1 (73.0–97.3); and PDTc 91.0 (79.4–96.5) versus 88.6 (69.2–96.3%), P = 0.04 for both by the Wilcoxon rank sum test. The single‐pill combination of the triple‐component antihypertensive regimen showed better adherence than the equivalent two‐pill therapy. Reducing pill burden by means of a single‐pill combination is an effective strategy for enhancing adherence to multiple‐agent antihypertensive therapy.
Study Highlights

WHAT IS THE CURRENT KNOWLEDGE ON THE TOPIC?

Previous studies suggested that the use of a single‐pill combination (SPC) in hypertension (HTN) treatment produced better adherence and persistence than a free‐equivalent combination. However, supportive data are confined to dual‐component SPC and came from observational studies using medication possession ratio as an outcome.

WHAT QUESTION DID THIS STUDY ADDRESS?
The objective of this study is to investigate whether a triple‐component SPC improved medication adherence over an equivalent two‐pill combination therapy in a randomized controlled trial using medication event monitoring systems.

WHAT DOES THIS STUDY ADD TO OUR KNOWLEDGE?
Medication adherence in the SPC group was superior to that of two‐pill group, confirming previous findings from observational studies.

HOW MIGHT THIS CHANGE CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY OR TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE?
This finding strongly supports the current HTN treatment guideline to prefer SPC with a higher level of evidence.
Utility of ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration cytology in assessing malignancy in head and neck pathology
Authors: Petrone Gianluigi , Rossi Esther Diana , Gallus Roberto , Petrelli Livia , Marrone Sabino , Rizzo Davide , Piras Antonio , Garofalo Gabriella , Rindi Guido , Galli Jacopo , Paludetti Gaetano , Bussu Francesco 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveFine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a well‐established diagnostic procedure for head and neck masses not clearly originating from mucosal or cutaneous surfaces. We analysed head and neck masses evaluated over a 2‐year period, to assess the reliability of FNAC for the evaluation of malignancy.MethodsWe enrolled all patients undergoing FNAC, from April 2013 to July 2015, in a single service of a large Italian university hospital. Relevant clinical data and ultrasonographic parameters of the lesions were recorded. We performed both conventional and thin‐prep smears. Clinical presentation, ultrasonographic features and final cytology diagnoses were analysed and correlated with histology.ResultsThe series included 301 lesions in 285 patients, with a single (94.4%) or two (5.6%) lesions. Only eight samples were considered non‐diagnostic/inadequate (2.6%). Among the cases, 139 FNAC (46.1%) underwent surgery. Cytological‐histological correspondence was found in 89% of the cases. Concerning malignancy, we documented less than 4% false positives and less than 2.5% false negatives, with 92.7% sensitivity and 94.6% specificity.ConclusionFNAC diagnosis can be highly specific. Most importantly, it is highly reliable in assessing malignancy, thus defining the priority and guiding the management procedures.
Modelling species distributions and environmental suitability highlights risk of plant invasions in western United States
Authors: McMahon Devin E. , Urza Alexandra K. , Brown Jessi L. , Phelan Conor , Chambers Jeanne C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimNon‐native invasive plants impact ecosystems globally, and the distributions of many species are expanding. The current and potential distributions of many invaders have not been characterized at the broad scales needed for effective management. We modelled the distributions of 15 non‐native invasive grass and forb species of concern in western North America to define their environmental niches and predict potential invasion risk.LocationArid and semi‐arid western United States.MethodsWe modelled species distribution using presence/absence data from > 148,000 vegetation survey plots to predict the probability of presence of each species based on associated climate, soil, topography and disturbance records. Boosted regression tree models were trained and tested within a buffer distance from presence observations of each species. Buffers were optimized by adding absence observations from increasingly large areas until prediction of presence was maximized, as defined by the area under the precision‐recall curve (AUPRC). We evaluated model AUPRC and other metrics by cross‐validation within training areas, then projected final models within focal EPA level III ecoregions.ResultsFocal species were present in 2.7% to 21% of plots within model training areas of 40 to 340 km radius. Models conservatively estimated potential species presence, with typically low false positive rates and moderate sensitivity. The most influential predictors of presence included minimum temperature (especially for grasses), climatic water deficit, precipitation seasonality and fire history. Cold desert ecoregions were impacted by the most species, with predicted range expansion into the prairie ecoregions and infilling for Warm Desert species.Main conclusionsInvasive forb and grass species are likely to expand their ranges and continued increases in temperature, aridity and area burned will increase invasion risk. Monitoring species presence and absence and mapping known and potential ranges with a focus on presence detection, as in our methodology, will aid in identifying new invasions and prioritizing prevention and control.
6–month–olds are sensitive to English morphology
Authors: Kim Yun Jung , Sundara Megha 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEach language has its unique way to mark grammatical information such as gender, number and tense. For example, English marks number and tense/aspect information with morphological suffixes (e.g., ‐sor ‐ed). These morphological suffixes are crucial for language acquisition as they are the basic building blocks of syntax, encode relationships, and convey meaning. Previous research shows that English‐learning infants recognize morphological suffixes attached to nonce words by the end of the first year, although even 8‐month‐olds recognize them when they are attached to known words. These results support an acquisition trajectory where discovery of meaning guides infants' acquisition of morphological suffixes. In this paper, we re‐evaluated English–learning infants' knowledge of morphological suffixes in the first year of life. We found that 6–month–olds successfully segmented nonce words suffixed with–s,–ing,–edand a pseudo‐morpheme ‐sh. Additionally, they related nonce words suffixed with–s, but not ‐ing, ‐edor a pseudo‐morpheme–shand stems. By 8–months, infants were also able to relate nonce words suffixed with–ingand stems. Our results show that infants demonstrate knowledge of morphological relatedness from the earliest stages of acquisition. They do so even in the absence of access to meaning. Based on these results, we argue for a developmental timeline where the acquisition of morphology is, at least, concurrent with the acquisition of phonology and meaning.
Ephedra as a gymnosperm evo‐devo model lineage
Authors: Di Stilio Verónica S. , Ickert‐Bond Stefanie M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEstablished model systems in the flowering plants have greatly advanced our understanding of plant developmental biology, facilitating in turn its investigation across diverse land plants. The reliance on a limited number of model organisms, however, constitutes a barrier for future progress in evolutionary developmental biology (evo‐devo). In particular, a more thorough understanding of seed plant character evolution and of its genetic and developmental basis has been hampered in part by a lack of gymnosperm model systems, since most are trees with decades‐long generation times. Guided by the premise that future model organisms should be selected based on their character diversity, rather than simply phylogenetic “position,” we highlight biological questions of potential interest that can be addressed via comparative studies in Ephedra (Gnetales). In addition to having relatively small genomes and shorter generation times in comparison to most other gymnosperms, Ephedra are amenable to investigations on the evolution of the key reproductive seed plant innovations of pollination and seed dispersal, as well as on polyploidy, and adaptation to extreme environments.
Transforming growth factor‐β‐regulated fractalkine as a marker of erosive bone invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Son Seung Hwa , Park Junhee , Jung Min Ju , Lee Sun Kyoung , Kim Hyungkeun , Kim Ki Rim , Park Kwang‐Kyun , Chung Won‐Yoon 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPatients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) bone invasion are surgically treated with bone resection, which results in severe physical and psychological damage. Here, we investigated the potential of fractalkine (CX3CL1), which is regulated by transforming growth factor (TGF‐β), as a novel biomarker for correct prediction and early detection of OSCC‐associated bone invasion. TGF‐β knockdown and treatment with a TGF‐β‐neutralizing antibody decreased the level of fractalkine in the culture media of HSC‐2 and YD10B OSCC cells. Treatment with a fractalkine‐neutralizing antibody reduced TGF‐β‐stimulated invasion by HSC‐2 and YD10B cells. Fractalkine treatment increased the viability, invasion, and uPA secretion of both OSCC cell lines. Furthermore, OSCC cell bone invasion was assessed following subcutaneous inoculation of wild‐type or TGF‐β knockdown OSCC cells in mouse calvaria. TGF‐β knockdown prevented erosive bone invasion, reduced the number of osteoclasts at the tumor‐bone interface, and downregulated fractalkine expression in mouse tumor tissues. Our results indicate that the production of fractalkine is stimulated by TGF‐β and mediates TGF‐β‐induced cell invasion in several OSCC cell lines showing an erosive pattern of bone invasion. Fractalkine may be a useful predictive marker and therapeutic target for OSCC‐induced bone destruction.
Women's entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia: Feminist solidarity and political activism in disguise?
Authors: Alkhaled Sophie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper is a longitudinal study that uses insights from postcolonial feminism to explore women's entrepreneurship as a political form of feminist organizing for social change in Saudi Arabia. Postcolonial feminist approaches challenge Western feminism, which can obscure the diversity of women's lived experiences, agency, and activism. Through Bayat's (2013) theory of “quiet encroachment,” I identify the ways in which contemporary Western conceptualizations of feminist solidarity and social movements have dismissed “Other” women's “silent,” protracted and (dis)organized activism in parts of the Middle East. By exploring how Saudi women have utilized their entrepreneurial space as a legitimate platform for change, I aim to enrich understanding of women's activism through everyday solidarity practices, which allow them to quietly encroach onto the previously forbidden political space. The findings exemplify how their activism “quietly” developed over time through a three‐step process—from the entrepreneur aiming to empower women within their organization, to developing feminist consciousness within their entrepreneurial network, to becoming a “political activist” lobbying for policy changes for women. These solidarity practices exemplify the West's relationship with “the Other,” and reveal that feminist organizing for social change must be explored within its own context in order to fully appreciate its global political potential.
Clinicopathologic and MRI features of combined hepatocellular‐cholangiocarcinoma in patients with or without cirrhosis
Authors: Yoon Jongjin , Hwang Jeong A. , Lee Sunyoung , Lee Ji E. , Ha Sang Y. , Park Young N. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsDifferences in combined hepatocellular‐cholangiocarcinomas (cHCC‐CCAs) arising in high‐risk patients with or without liver cirrhosis have not been elucidated. This study aimed to compare the clinicopathologic and imaging characteristics of cHCC‐CCAs in patients with or without cirrhosis and to determine the prognostic factors for recurrence‐free survival (RFS) after curative resections of single cHCC‐CCAs.MethodsThis retrospective study included 113 patients with surgically resected single cHCC‐CCAs who underwent preoperative magnetic resonance imaging from January 2008 to December 2019 at two tertiary referral centres. Clinical, pathologic and imaging features of tumours were compared in high‐risk patients with or without cirrhosis. Imaging features were assessed using the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI‐RADS) version 2018. RFS and associated factors were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, Kaplan‐Meier analysis and log‐rank test.ResultscHCC‐CCAs arising from cirrhotic livers had a smaller mean tumour size (2.9 cm vs. 4.5 cm; P < .001) and were more frequently categorized as LR‐5 or 4 (41.2% vs. 20.0%; P = .024) than those arising from non‐cirrhotic livers. In multivariable analysis, a tumour size of > 3 cm (hazard ratio [HR], 2.081; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.180‐3.668; P = .011) and the LR‐M category (HR, 2.302; 95% CI, 1.198‐4.424; P = .012) were independent predictors associated with worse RFS.ConclusionsThe tumour size and distribution of LI‐RADS categories of cHCC‐CCAs differed in high‐risk patients with or without cirrhosis. And LR‐M category was a worse prognosis predictor after curative resections than LR‐5 or 4 category.
Systematic investigations of high‐pressure polymorphs in shocked ordinary chondrites
Authors: Miyahara Masaaki , Yamaguchi Akira , Saitoh Masato , Fukimoto Kanta , Sakai Takeshi , Ohfuji Hiroaki , Tomioka Naotaka , Kodama Yu , Ohtani Eiji 
Published: January 2021

AbstractShock‐induced melting textures and high‐pressure polymorphs in 178 ordinary chondrites of all chemical groups and petrologic types were investigated. The shock‐induced melting modes were classified into three types, namely pocket, line, and network. The type of shock‐induced melting depends on the petrologic type. The width of the shock‐induced melt increased with increasing the petrologic type number. The approximate estimated shock‐pressure ranges recorded in and around the shock‐induced melts of the H‐group ordinary chondrites based on the identified high‐pressure polymorphs were as follows: H3, less than 2 GPa; H4–H6, 2–6 GPa. For ordinary chondrites of the L/LL group, the values were as follows: L/LL3, 2–6 GPa; L/LL4, 2–14 GPa; L5: 14–20 GPa; LL5, 2–14 GPa; L6, 17–23 GPa; and LL6, 14–18 GPa. After adopting the estimated shock pressures into the onion shell‐structured parent body model, the shock pressure on the surface was much lower than in the interior. One possibility is that the apparent lower shock pressure on the surface is due to spallation during the impact. Considering the features of the high‐pressure polymorphs, the major disruption history of the parent bodies is different in each chemical group, although the L/LL chondrite parent bodies may have a similar major disruption history.
Alternative splicing and gene expression play contrasting roles in the parallel phenotypic evolution of a salmonid fish
Authors: Jacobs Arne , Elmer Kathryn R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the contribution of different molecular processes to evolution and development is crucial for identifying the mechanisms of adaptation. Here, we used RNA‐sequencing data to test the importance of alternative splicing and differential gene expression in a case of parallel adaptive evolution, the replicated postglacial divergence of the salmonid fish Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) into sympatric benthic and pelagic ecotypes across multiple independent lakes. We found that genes differentially spliced between ecotypes were mostly not differentially expressed (<6% overlap) and were involved in different biological processes. Differentially spliced genes were primarily enriched for muscle development and functioning, while differentially expressed genes were involved in metabolism, immunity and growth. Furthermore, alternative splicing and gene expression were mostly controlled by independentcis‐regulatory quantitative trait loci (<3.4% overlap).Cis‐regulatory regions were associated with the parallel divergence in splicing (16.5% of intron clusters) and expression (6.7%–10.1% of differentially expressed genes), indicating shared regulatory variation across ecotype pairs. Contrary to theoretical expectation, we found that differentially spliced genes tended to be highly central in regulatory networks (“hub genes”) and were annotated to significantly more gene ontology terms compared to nondifferentially spliced genes, consistent with a higher level of pleiotropy. Together, our results suggest that the concerted regulation of alternative splicing and differential gene expression through different regulatory regions leads to the divergence of complementary processes important for local adaptation. This provides novel insights into the importance of contrasting but putatively complementary molecular processes in rapid parallel adaptive evolution.
Rescuing national unity with imagination: The case of Tabarnia
Authors: Baldoli Roberto , Mocca Elisabetta 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article analyses the drivers and developments of the recent rise of a fictional region: Tabarnia in Spain. This platform proposes the creation of a new autonomous region to oppose the project of secession of the independentist Catalan movement. Given the dearth of academic research, our article documents and explores the case of Tabarnia. We draw on a multimethod approach, entailing a thematic analysis and process‐tracing, to reconstruct the trajectory of this platform and to uncover its drivers, goals and strategies. By building on this evidence base, this article construes Tabarnia as an instance of imaginary regionalism created ex nihilo in the noosphere. As such, Tabarnia represents an a‐topia substantiated through a digital region‐building process heavily relying on the use of humour.
Chronic urticaria in children – New insights from a large cohort
Authors: Lachover‐Roth Idit , Rabie Ahmad , Cohen‐Engler Anat , Rosman Yossi , Meir‐Shafrir Keren , Confino‐Cohen Ronit 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundChronic spontaneous urticaria is well‐described in adults, but less so in children. The aim of this study is to describe the demographics, clinical characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes of children with chronic, spontaneous urticaria.MethodsThis retrospective study followed children up to 18 years old, diagnosed with chronic spontaneous urticaria, between the years 2002‐2018, and treated in a tertiary referral allergy and clinical immunology center. Data including demographics, clinical characteristics, comorbidities, treatments, and outcomes were extracted from electronic medical records.ResultsRecords of 380 children coded to have chronic urticaria were reviewed, of which 250 (65.8%) fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for chronic spontaneous urticaria. There were 136 females (54.4%). Mean age at diagnosis was 11.4 years, and 122 (48%) were adolescents. The average duration of chronic spontaneous urticaria was 12.25 ± 15.2 months. The urticaria in 208 children )83.2%) resolved within 24 months. Eighty‐seven patients (34.8%) had at least one atopic disease. Atopic comorbidities included atopic dermatitis in 17.2%, allergic rhinitis in 16%, asthma in 13.2%, and food allergy in 3.2%. Eighteen patients (7.2%) had a concomitant autoimmune disease. Nine (3.6%) had thyroid disease.Conclusions and clinical relevanceChronic spontaneous urticaria in children is a self‐limited disease with favorable prognosis. Atopic diseases are more prevalent in children with chronic spontaneous urticaria than in the general pediatric population, increasing the possibility of a special subgroup of TH2‐related chronic urticaria in children.
Characterization of the development dynamics within the linear growth bamboo leaf
Authors: Gao Zhipeng , Guo Lin , Chen Ming , Yu Fen , Wei Qiang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe leaf is the main photosynthetic organ in plants, such as bamboo. Leaves from bamboo are used as a food additive. However, according to our investigation, to date there have been no reports concerning the leaf development of bamboo. By measuring over 7500 parenchymal cells, we discovered that the linear leaf growth of Pseudosasa japonica could be divided into three growth sections. The first one is a roughly 1‐cm long division zone (DZ), containing about 1580 cells, located at the bottom of the leaf; the second one is an about 3‐cm long elongation zone (EZ), with ~1905 cells, located above the DZ; and the last is a mature zone (MZ) in which cell elongation is completed. The cell production rate of the DZ was 25.33–35.81 cells per hour, with an average of 29.73; and the cell division rate was ~0.45 cells per cell every 24 h. PacBio and Illumina transcriptome sequencing found 21 933 unigenes expressed in these zones. Further analysis revealed a dynamic transcriptome, with transcripts for cell division in the DZ changing to transcripts for cell elongation, photosynthetic development, secondary metabolism, stress resistance, and nutrition transport toward the leaf distal. Those transcriptome transformations correlated well with the changes of relative water content, biomass accumulation, and cellulose crystal degree and were supported by quantitative polymerase chain reaction data. These results revealed a developmental gradient of the bamboo linear growth leaf, which offers a foundation to elucidate and engineer leaf development in bamboo, an economically valuable plant.