bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential role for pyruvate kinase M2 in the regulation of murine cardiac glycolytic flux during in vivo chronic hypoxia
Authors: Handzlik Michal K. , Tooth David J. , Constantin-Teodosiu Dumitru , Greenhaff Paul L. , Cole Mark A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Carbohydrate metabolism in heart failure shares similarities to that following hypoxic exposure, and is thought to maintain energy homoeostasis in the face of reduced O2 availability. As part of these in vivo adaptations during sustained hypoxia, the heart up-regulates and maintains a high glycolytic flux, but the underlying mechanism is still elusive. We followed the cardiac glycolytic responses to a chronic hypoxic (CH) intervention using [5-3H]-glucose labelling in combination with detailed and extensive enzymatic and metabolomic approaches to provide evidence of the underlying mechanism that allows heart survivability. Following 3 weeks of in vivo hypoxia (11% oxygen), murine hearts were isolated and perfused in a retrograde mode with function measured via an intraventricular balloon and glycolytic flux quantified using [5-3H]-glucose labelling. At the end of perfusion, hearts were flash-frozen and central carbon intermediates determined via liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The maximal activity of glycolytic enzymes considered rate-limiting was assessed enzymatically, and protein abundance was determined using Western blotting. Relative to normoxic hearts, CH increased ex vivo cardiac glycolytic flux 1.7-fold with no effect on cardiac function. CH up-regulated cardiac pyruvate kinase (PK) flux 3.1-fold and cardiac pyruvate kinase muscle isoenzyme M2 (PKM2) protein content 1.4-fold compared with normoxic hearts. CH also augmented cardiac pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) flux, reflected by higher ribose-5-phosphate (R5P) content. These findings support an increase in the covalent (protein expression) and allosteric (flux) control of PKM2 as being central to the sustained up-regulation of the glycolytic flux in the chronically hypoxic heart.
Mode recognition and coordinated magnetisation control method for variable flux memory machine
Authors: Wang Wei , Lin Heyun , Yang Hui , Lyv Shukang , Liu Wei , Fang Shuhua 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe hybrid permanent magnet (PM) variable flux memory machine employs high‐ and low‐coercive‐force hybrid PMs to simultaneously obtain a high torque density and regulable PM flux property. The operating trajectories and steady working‐points of this type of machine switch back and forth in multiple regions. To identify operating modes under various PM magnetisation states and speed ranges, this paper proposes a mode recognition and coordinated control method based on probabilistic neural networks (PNNs). A PNN algorithm is trained offline and executed in real‐time to obtain a certain operating mode with the maximum probability of current state. According to the mode recognition result, a coordinated control scheme for applying short‐time pulses or continuous flux‐weakening current in a reasonable manner is presented. The proposed method exhibits an excellent capability in real‐time operating modes identification, hence achieving magnetisation current control of multiple modes easily. Its feasibility and effectiveness are validated by experimental results on a hybrid PM VFMM prototype.
Affine projection sign algorithm based control for mitigation of distribution side power quality problems
Authors: Sharma Archana , Rajpurohit Bharat Singh , Agnihotri Samar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes the implementation of Affine Projection Sign Algorithm (APSA) based control for DSTATCOM to mitigate distribution side power quality issues like harmonic elimination, reactive power compensation, load balancing, power factor compensation, voltage regulation, etc. Affine projection algorithms have already finds application in power quality mitigation, but they suffer from high complexity and degraded performance due to impulsive interference. Whereas, sign algorithms are known to be robust against the impulsive noise and converges faster. Hence, sign algorithm with affine projection is proposed for mitigation of power quality problems in this work. APSA is used to estimate the reference active and reactive power component of polluted load current, which is further used to generate the reference signal for DSTATCOM. The performance of the algorithm is investigated for some real operating conditions of power system network in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The algorithm is tested in real‐time simulator for validation. The result shows that the control algorithm is able to resolve distribution side power quality problems with fast convergence.
The Gaia RVS benchmark stars
Authors: Caffau E. , Bonifacio P. , Korotin S. A. , François P. , Lallement R. , Matas Pinto A. M. , Di Matteo P. , Steffen M. , Mucciarelli A. , Katz D. , Haywood M. , Chemin L. , Sartoretti P. , Sbordone L. , Andrievsky S. M. , Kovtyukh V. V. , Spite M. , Spite F. , Panuzzo P. , Royer F. , Thévenin F. , Ludwig H.-G. , Marchal O. , Plum G. 
Published: May 2021

Context. The Radial Velocity Spectrometer (RVS) on board the Gaia satellite is not provided with a wavelength calibration lamp. It uses its observations of stars with known radial velocity to derive the dispersion relation. To derive an accurate radial velocity calibration, a precise knowledge of the line spread function (LSF) of the RVS is necessary. Good-quality ground-based observations in the wavelength range of the RVS are highly desired to determine the LSF.
Aims. Several radial velocity standard stars are available to the Gaia community. The highest possible number of calibrators will surely allow us to improve the accuracy of the radial velocity. Because the LSF may vary across the focal plane of the RVS, a large number of high-quality spectra for the LSF calibration may allow us to better sample the properties of the focal plane.
Methods. We selected a sample of stars to be observed with UVES at the Very Large Telescope, in a setting including the wavelength range of RVS, that are bright enough to allow obtaining high-quality spectra in a short time. We also selected stars that lack chemical investigation in order to increase the sample of bright, close by stars with a complete chemical inventory.
Results. We here present the chemical analysis of the first sample of 80 evolved stars. The quality of the spectra is very good, therefore we were able to derive abundances for 20 elements. The metallicity range spanned by the sample is about 1 dex, from slightly metal-poor to solar metallicity. We derived the Rb abundance for all stars and investigated departures from local thermodynamical equilibrium (NLTE) in the formation of its lines.
Conclusions. The sample of spectra is of good quality, which is useful for a Gaia radial velocity calibration. The Rb NLTE effects in this stellar parameters range are small but sometimes non-negligible, especially for spectra of this good quality.
Roboterassistierte Harnblasendivertikelresektion (RAHDR)
Authors: Kajaia David , Hager Benjamin , Kliebisch Stefan , Weingärtner Karl , Seggewiss-Bernhardt Ruth , Zugor Vahudin 
Published: May 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziele Seit Oktober 2018 werden Harnblasendivertikelresektionen in der Klinik für Urologie, Kinderurologie und roboterassistierte minimalinvasive Urologie der Sozialstiftung Bamberg roboterassistiert und minimalinvasiv, mit dem DaVinci-Operationssystem®, durchgeführt. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die operativen Ergebnisse unserer Patienten zu objektivieren und mit anderen Daten zu vergleichen, um ggf. die Diagnostik und Therapie zu optimieren.
Methoden In dieser retrospektiven Analyse haben wir alle Patienten, die zwischen Oktober 2018 und Mai 2020 eine RAHDR erhalten haben, eingeschlossen. Die primären Endpunkte waren: der intraoperative bzw. postoperative Blutverlust (Hämoglobin-Abfall postoperativ), die Operationszeit (min), die Hospitationsdauer (Tage), der postoperative Restharn, das Auftreten von Anastomoseninsuffizienzen, die postoperative Lebensqualität und die postoperative Zufriedenheit mit den Miktionsverhältnissen.
Ergebnisse Es konnten insgesamt 11 Patienten eingeschlossen werden. Das mittlere Alter betrug 64,8 Jahre (52–82) und alle Patienten waren männlich. Der durchschnittliche BMI war 26,5 kg/m² (19–37). 3 Patienten wurden mit ASA-Score III eigestuft, 5 mit II und 3 mit I. Der durchschnittliche Restharnwert präoperativ lag bei 183 ml (90–240). 7 von 11 Patienten bekamen simultan eine oder 2 weitere Operationen. Ein Zystogramm zum Ausschluss einer Extravasation erfolgte am fünften bzw. sechsten postoperativen Tag. Die mittlere Operationszeit war 212 min (148–294) und die mittlere Hospitationsdauer betrug 7,6 Tage (6–10). Der durchschnittliche postoperative Restharnwert war 25 ml (10–60). Die durchschnittliche postoperative maximale Harnflussrate (max. Flow) wurde mit 27,7 ml/s (11–55) gemessen. Bei keinem der Patienten wurde eine Kontrastmittelextravasation im Zystogramm nachgewiesen. Die Komplikationen nach Clavien waren nicht objektivierbar. Der mittlere postoperative Hb-Abfall betrug 1,61 g/dl (0–3,2).
Schlussfolgerungen In den meisten Fällen ist die Entfernung eines oder mehrerer Blasendivertikel über die minimalinvasive roboterassistierte Technik möglich. Dabei ist die Möglichkeit gegeben verschiedene Operationen wie YV-Blasenhalsplastik, Prostataadenomenukleation, Blasensteinsanierung, Leistenherniotomie u. a. simultan durchzuführen. Eine roboterassistierte Harnblasendivertikelresektion ist ein effektives und schonendes Verfahren, welches aber, durch fehlende DRG-Abbildung, finanzielle Nachteile für den Leistungserbringer verursachen kann.
Skin Diseases in Elite Athletes
Authors: Liebich Christoph , Wegin V. Vanessa , Marquart Christine , Schubert Irene , von Bruehl Marie-Luise , Halle Martin , Oberhoffer Renate , Wolfarth Bernd 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAn athlete’s skin has to cope with various stressors that influence skin integrity. This study investigated the effect of intense sporting activity at a competitive level on skin health, independent of the type of sport. The prevalence of dermatoses in elite athletes who exercise 8 or more hours per week was compared to recreational athletes. By applying a questionnaire, we acquired data from n=492 recruited athletes and recreational athletes regarding the prevalence of dermatoses, the extent of physical activity, and sports discipline practiced. Compared to the reference group, elite athletes showed less inflammatory, traumatic, infectious, and sebaceous skin diseases and especially neurodermitis, pruritus, bullae, tinea pedis, acne, and herpes were less common. Women suffered from skin diseases more often than men. With advanced age, the incidence of dermatoses increased, but less so among elite athletes. The discipline practiced and the duration of training, especially when performed outdoors, strongly influenced the development of dermatoses. Even though the skin of athletes is exposed to higher stress levels and physical strain, we can state that intensive physical activity seems to act as a protecting factor against skin diseases and significantly promotes skin health.
Silica Gel-mediated Oxidation of Prenyl Motifs Generates Natural Product-Like Artifacts
Authors: Tang Yu , Friesen J. Brent , Nikolić Dejan S. , Lankin David C. , McAlpine James B. , Chen Shao-Nong , Pauli Guido F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPrenyl moieties are commonly encountered in the natural products of terpenoid and mixed biosynthetic origin. The reactivity of unsaturated prenyl motifs is less recognized and shown here to affect the acyclic Rhodiola rosea monoterpene glycoside, kenposide A (8), which oxidizes readily on silica gel when exposed to air. The major degradation product mediated under these conditions was a new aldehyde, 9. Exhibiting a shortened carbon skeleton formed through the breakdown of the terminal isopropenyl group, 9 is prone to acetalization in protic solvents. Further investigation of minor degradation products of both 8 and 8-prenylapigenin (8-PA, 12), a flavonoid with an ortho-prenyl substituent, revealed that the aldehyde formation was likely realized through epoxidation and subsequent cleavage at the prenyl olefinic bond. Employment of 1H NMR full spin analysis (HiFSA) achieved the assignment of all chemical shifts
and coupling constants of the investigated terpenoids and facilitated the structural validation of the degradation product, 9. This study indicates that prenylated compounds are generally susceptible to oxidative degradation, particularly in the presence of catalytic mediators, but also under physiological conditions. Such oxidative artifact/metabolite formation leads to a series of compounds with prenyl-derived (cyclic) partial structures that are analogous to species formed during Phase I metabolism in vivo. Phytochemical and pharmacological studies should take precautions or at least consider the impact of (unavoidable) exposure of prenyl-containing compounds to catalytic and/or oxidative conditions.
Endovenöse Therapie chronisch venöser Obstruktionen
Authors: Jalaie Houman , Barbati Mohammad E. , Gombert Alexander , Kotelis Drosos , Jacobs Michael J. , Schleimer Karina 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungBei der chronisch venösen Obstruktion (CVO) liegt ein Abstromhindernis vor, welches eine venöse Hypertension im betroffenen Bein verursacht. Die CVO tritt vornehmlich auf dem Boden eines postthrombotischen Syndroms (PTS) oder eines May-Thurner-Syndroms (MTS) auf. Die CVO kann zu einer deutlichen Einschränkung des täglichen Lebens führen und hat erhebliche sozioökonomische Konsequenzen. Bei der endovenösen Rekanalisation zur Behandlung einer symptomatischen CVO handelt es sich um eine relativ neue therapeutische Option, die mittlerweile generell als Behandlung der ersten Wahl akzeptiert ist. Seit Verwendung spezieller venöser Stents können auch ausgedehntere Befunde, die eine anspruchsvollere Rekonstruktion erforderlich machen, erfolgreich therapiert werden.Damit nach einer venösen Rekanalisation keine Stase des Blutstroms und ein Primärverschluss auftreten, müssen ein suffizienter Ein- und Ausstrom gewährleistet sein. Zur Verbesserung des Einstroms werden Hybrideingriffe mit Endophlebektomie der Vena femoralis communis und AV-Fistel-Anlage, zur Ausstromverbesserung werden spezielle Rekonstruktionen der Vena-cava-inferior-Konfluenz, z. B. die Skipped-Technik, empfohlen.
Bedeutung nicht-invasiver Verfahren in der Therapie des akuten hypoxämischen Versagens bei COVID-19
Authors: Windisch Wolfram , Schönhofer Bernd , Majorski Daniel Sebastian , Wollsching-Strobel Maximilian , Criée Carl-Peter , Schwarz Sarah Bettina , Westhoff Michael 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungIn der Corona-Pandemie werden zunehmend nicht-invasive Verfahren zur Behandlung des akuten hypoxämischen Versagens bei COVID-19 eingesetzt. Hier stehen mit der HFOT (high-flow oxygen therapy), CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) und der NIV (non-invasive ventilation) unterschiedliche Verfahren zur Verfügung, die das Ziel einer Intubationsvermeidung verfolgen. Der aktuelle Übersichtsartikel fasst die heterogene Studienlage zusammen. Wesentlich ist die Erkenntnis, dass diese nicht-invasiven Verfahren durchaus auch bei einem schweren, akuten hypoxämischen Versagen erfolgreich sein können und damit die Intubation wie auch Tubus-assoziierte Komplikationen vermeiden können. Demgegenüber bleibt aber ebenso zu betonen, dass die prolongierte unterstützte Spontanatmung ebenfalls zu Komplikationen führt und dass demzufolge insbesondere ein spätes NIV-Versagen mit erheblich verschlechterter Prognose einhergeht, was vor dem Hintergrund weiterhin hoher NIV-Versagensraten in Deutschland bedeutsam ist. Der aktuelle Artikel verweist schließlich auch auf einen Parallelartikel in dieser Ausgabe, der die medial in der Öffentlichkeit in Deutschland geführte Debatte zu diesem Thema aufgreift und deren inhaltliche Fragwürdigkeit, aber auch die negativen Auswirkungen auf die Gesellschaft und die Fachwelt adressiert. Gleichzeitig wird die Bedeutung von regelmäßig zu überarbeitenden Leitlinien untermauert.
Modern Organoselenium Catalysis: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Zhao Xiaodan , Liao Lihao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOrganoselenium catalysis has attracted increasing interest in recent years. This Cluster highlights recent key advances in this area regarding the functionalization of alkenes, alkynes, and arenes by electrophilic selenium catalysis, selenonium salt catalysis, selenium-based chalcogen-bonding catalysis, and Lewis basic selenium catalysis. These achievements might inspire and help future research.1	Introduction2	Electrophilic Selenium Catalysis3	Selenonium Salt Catalysis4	Selenium-Based Chalcogen-Bond Catalysis5	Lewis Basic Selenide Catalysis6	Conclusion
Transinfratemporal Fossa Transposition of the Temporalis Muscle Flap for Skull Base Reconstruction after Endoscopic Expanded Nasopharyngectomy: Anatomical Study and Clinical Application
Authors: Sun Xicai , Liu Quan , Yu Hongmeng , Wang Huan , Zhao Weidong , Gu Yurong , Li Houyong , Zhao Keqing , Song Xiaole , Wang Dehui , Miranda Juan C. Fernandez , Snyderman Carl H. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective Temporalis muscle flap (TMF) is widely used in traditional skull base surgery, but its application in endoscopic skull base surgery remains rarely reported. We aimed to investigate the surgical anatomy and clinical application of TMF for reconstruction of skull base defects after expanded endoscopic nasopharyngectomy.
Methods Nine fresh cadaver heads (18 sides) were used for endoscopic dissection at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine in the United States. TMF was harvested using a traditional open approach and then transposed into the maxillary sinus and nasal cavity through the infratemporal fossa using an endoscopic transnasal transmaxillary approach. TMF length was then measured. Moreover, TMF was used for the reconstruction of skull base defects of six patients with recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma after expanded endoscopic nasopharyngectomy.
Results The length of TMF harvested from the temporal line to the tip of the coronoid process of the mandible was 11.8 ± 0.9 cm. The widest part of the flap was 9.0 ± 0.4 cm. When TMF was dislocated from the coronoid process of the mandible, approximately another 2 cm of reach could be obtained. When the superficial layer of the temporalis muscle was split from the deep layer, the pedicle length could be extended 1.9 ± 0.2 cm. TMF could cover skull base defects in the anterior skull base, sellar, and clivus regions.
Conclusion TMF can be used to reconstruct skull base defects after endoscopic expanded nasopharyngectomy and can effectively prevent the occurrence of serious complications in patients with recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
l-Arginine Can Enhance the Beneficial Effect of Losartan in Patients with Chronic Aortic Regurgitation and Isolated Systolic Hypertension
Authors: Lin Shoa-Lin , Lin Mike , Wang Kuei-Liang , Kuo Hsien-Wen , Tak Tahir 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInformation about the effects of angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) therapy on the hemodynamic and cardiac structure in patients with chronic aortic regurgitation (CAR) and isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) is limited.This study planned to test the hypothesis that l-arginine could further enhance the beneficial effect of an ARB, losartan, and provide a favorable effect on the natural history of CAR and ISH.Sixty patients with CAR and ISH were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind trial comparing hemodynamic and ultrasonic change in two treatment arms: losartan + l-arginine and losartan-only treated groups. Serial echocardiographic and hemodynamic studies were evaluated before and after treatment.Both groups had a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), left ventricular end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVI), LV end-systolic volume index (LVESVI), LV mass index (LVMI), and LV mean wall stress after 6- and 12-month treatment (p <0.01 in all comparisons). Both groups had a significant increase in LV ejection fraction and exercise duration after 6- and 12-month treatment (p < 0.01 in all comparisons). Using multivariate linear regression analysis, only losartan + l-arginine therapy achieved a significantly lower LVESVI (38.89 ± 0.23 mL/m2), LVEDVI (102.3 ± 0.3 mL/m2), LVMI (107.6 ± 0.3 g/m2), SBP (123.5 ± 1.0 mm Hg), and greater exercise duration (7.38 ± 0.02 minutes) than those of the losartan-only treated groups (p <0.01 in all comparisons).These findings suggest that early co-administrative strategy provides a beneficial approach to favorably influence the natural history of CAR.
Recurrent Acute Pancreatitis following Colonoscopic Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Seth Avnish Kumar , Gupta Mahesh Kumar , Verma Radha Krishan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA 37-year-old man with corticosteroid-dependent ulcerative pancolitis was taken up for colonoscopic fecal microbiota transplant (FMT). Preparation for colonoscopy was done with 118 g polyethylene glycol (PEG) in 2 L water ingested over 2 hours, followed by clear fluids. 200 g of screened donor stool, blended with water was instilled into terminal ileum; cecum; and ascending, transverse, and descending colon. Eighteen hours following ingestion of PEG and 2 hours following FMT, he complained of severe epigastric pain with radiation to back. Serum lipase was 6,756 U/L. He was managed with intravenous (IV) fluids and symptomatic treatment with discontinuation of corticosteroids and 6-MP. Ultrasound did not reveal gall bladder stones or sludge. There was no history of alcohol intake. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan at 48 hours showed bulky pancreas with peripancreatic stranding. He recovered over a week with normalization of lipase. Three weeks later he again reported severe epigastric pain 14 hours following ingestion of PEG, this time prior to colonoscopic FMT. Serum lipase was 1,140 U/L; the procedure was deferred and he recovered with symptomatic treatment over 3 days. Maintenance colonoscopic FMT was performed 4 times over the following 2 years with sodium phosphate preparation with no recurrence of pain. MRCP showed no evidence of chronic pancreatitis. He remains in clinical and endoscopic steroid-free, thiopurine-free remission. PEG is a rare cause of acute pancreatitis and merits consideration in appropriate clinical setting.