bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional outcomes in proximal humerus fractures: a prospective registry-based analysis
Authors: Tashfeen Ahmad  , Zehra Abdul Muhammad  , Amna Haroon  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate clinical and functional outcomes of proximal humerus fractures managed with different procedures and determining factors influencing outcomes.
Methods: Data of this prospective cohort was obtained from the orthopaedic trauma registry at a tertiary care Hospital from June 2015 to October 2019. Sixty-nine adult patients with proximal humerus fracture managed either surgically or non-operatively were identified. Functional and clinical outcomes had been assessed using Quick Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score. Outcomes were assessed up to 12 months follow-ups and were compared between different treatment groups and between isolated versus proximal humerus with additional upper limb fractures.
Results: In the 69 patients, 31 (45%) belonged to >55 years age group. Fifty-eight (84%) patients were operated of which 43 (62%) underwent Proximal Humeral Internal Locking System procedure. There was non-significant difference in clinical and functional outcomes between isolated versus proximal humerus fractures associated with other upper limb fractures at follow-ups 6 weeks onwards. At 3 months follow-up, there was significantly better outcomes in all treatment groups compared to PHILOS with bone graft/BMP (p=0.004-0.035). Males had significantly better recovery at 3 months as compared to females (p=0.04).
Continuous...
Prediabetes in adolescents- an emerging epidemic– a cross-sectional survey of medical students at a public university, Quetta, Pakistan
Authors: Faisal Shahzad  , Aiesha Ishaque  , Fahad Saleem  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background and objectives: The prevalence of prediabetes is increasing globally affecting all age groups epically in adolescents. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and determinants of prediabetes in adolescent population studying in Public sector Medical University, Quetta, Pakistan.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2019 to February 2020. Students in their late adolescents (ages between 16 and 19 years) were enrolled in the study. Non-probability convenience sampling method was used. A self-administered questionnaire was administered to the students to collect socio-demographic data. Fasting blood sample was taken to measure the fasting blood glucose level, lipid profile and HbA1c. Height,weight, neck circumference and waist circumference were also measured. Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS v.21 was used to analyze data.
Results: A total of 351 adolescent students were enrolled in the study, 158 (45%) were males and 193 (55%) were females. The overall mean age was 18.81±0.41 years. Based on being tested positive on both the glycemic parameters ie HbA1c and FBS 23.1% of our study participants were found to have prediabetes. Neck circumference was identified as the strongest predictor for prediabetes in our study. Other predictor variables included high TG, high SBP, low HDL, high LDL, high DBP, WC and BMI
Conclusion: The prevalence of prediabetes is higher among male medical students. The NC, WC, BMI, SBP, DBP, TG and HDL were strong predictors of prediabetes in adolescent population.
Continuous...
DESARROLLO Y VALIDACIÓN DE UN INSTRUMENTO PARA DETERMINAR LOS FACTORES QUE INFLUYEN EN LA ADHERENCIA TERAPÉUTICA DEL PACIENTE HIPERTENSO
Authors: Quezada Correa Maritza Vicenta 
Published: March 2021

Introducción: La hipertensión arterial es la enfermedad crónica más frecuente, la importancia de controlar esta enfermedad radica en que no presenta síntomas y generalmente es diagnosticada cuando aparecen complicaciones que repercuten negativamente en la esperanza y calidad de vida de quien la padece. Siendo la adherencia terapéutica un elemento clave en el control de la enfermedad y, también, de los principales factores para de esta manera prevenir el riesgo cardiovascular y una muerte prematura. Objetivo: Desarrollar y validar un instrumento para determinar los factores que influyen en la adherencia terapéutica del paciente hipertenso. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo-cualitativo, de cohorte transversal, tipo exploratoria, descriptivo, de diseño no experimental. Utilizando una encuesta y una entrevista de saturación o a profundidad. La validación del instrumento se realizó mediante juicio de expertos y un plan piloto de 20 individuos para la cuantitativa y dos personas hipertensas en la cualitativa, escogidas por conveniencia. Resultados: Según juicio de expertos el instrumento cuantitativo con 19 ítems tiene 97.2 % de confiabilidad y el 96.6% de confiabilidad en el instrumento cualitativo constituido con tres categorías. El alfa de Cronbach es 0.811 lo cual indica un buen nivel de fiabilidad y correlación entre los ítems del cuestionario. Conclusiones: Se pone a disposición de los profesionales de la salud un instrumento válido y confiable, con 7 dimensiones y 19 ítems, siendo prometedor para determinar los factores que influyen en la adherencia terapéutica y medir el grado de adherencia terapéutica en pacientes con hipertensión arterial.
ENTREPRENEURIAL MONEY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND COMPETITIVE OUTCOMES OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES
Authors: Atandi Fred Gichana 
Published: March 2021

This study aimed at determining the effect of entrepreneurial money management practices on competitive outcomes of small and medium enterprises. The specific objectives of the study were to; assess the entrepreneurial money management practices of small and medium enterprises, determine the competitive outcomes of small and medium enterprises and to determine the relationship between entrepreneurial money management practices and competitive outcomes of small and medium enterprises. The study used both descriptive, cross-sectional and correlation research designs. The target population was 324 SMEs trading in Trans Nzoia county out of which 179 were sampled to participate in this study. The sampling method used was stratified and simple random sampling. The research instruments reliability test had a Cronbach alpha value of 0.825 which was above the threshold. The study findings indicated that entrepreneurial money management practices among SMEs was moderately embraced affecting their competitive outcomes. The study results also indicated that competitive outcomes of SMEs were dismal affecting their graduation into large enterprises. It was also found that there existed a positive significant relationship between entrepreneurial money management practices and competitive outcomes of SMEs. The study concluded that for SMEs to realize their competitive outcomes of increasing their respective product portfolio and increased revenue, it’s imperative that they apply entrepreneurial money management practices of prioritized financing, budgeting and adequate working capital to graduate SMEs to large enterprises. The study recommended that SMEs to allocate the realized financial resource prudently to exploit opportunities available to them to remain competitive. The study also recommended that SMEs should prioritize on innovations to differentiate themselves in the overcrowded market by expanding their bundle of product portfolio and also the government to formulate workable SME policies which impart entrepreneurial money management practices to improve SME performance.
Keywords: Entrepreneurial, Money Management Practices, Competitive Outcomes, Small and Medium Enterprises.
ROLE OF ENTREPRENEUR’S COMPETENCE ON GROWTH OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES
Authors: Atandi Fred Gichana 
Published: March 2021

The study endeavored to determine the role of entrepreneur’s competence on growth of small and medium enterprises. The specific objectives of the study were to; establish entrepreneur’s competence small and medium enterprises in Bungoma County, examine the growth of small and medium enterprises in Bungoma county and to determine the relationship between entrepreneur’s competence and growth of small and medium enterprises. The study used a combination of descriptive, cross-sectional and correlation research designs and data was gathered using a self-administered questionnaire on 201 SMEs. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The resource-based theory was used to guide this research. The study findings indicated that the grand mean for entrepreneur’s competence was low with a mean of 2.23 with a SD of 0.50. The implications of the findings is that SMEs operators in Bungoma county lack the prerequisite entrepreneurial skills and knowledge affecting their growth save for resource mobilization. It was also found that the grand mean for growth of SMEs was low with a mean of 1.96 and SD of 0.58. The implication of the findings was that SMEs were performing dismally affecting their graduation/transition to the next higher level. The study results also found that there was a significant relationship between entrepreneur’s competence and growth of SMEs with p. value 0.000. The study concluded that SMEs should embrace relevant competence skills to enable them operated growth oriented enterprises which can graduate to higher levels thereby contributing to improved social and economic life of the operators and the nation at large. The study recommended that owner managers of SMEs to attend trainings on resource mobilization and innovation so as to acquire adequate resource mobilization and innovation skills and differentiate themselves in the market place to grow their enterprises. The study further recommended that government to put in place entrepreneurship policy to nurture business startups through mentorship, motivation and attitude change as they walk through entrepreneurship journey.
Keywords: Entrepreneur’s Competence, Growth, Small and Medium Enterprises
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA SMPN 7 MUARO JAMBI MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA MELALUI PENERAPAN MODEL CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING
Authors: JUNI ASTUTI RATIH MARHAENI 
Published: March 2021

Learning Model is a learning technique that is used by teachers in teaching a particular subject and in the selection of a model must be adjusted in advance with the subject matter. The level of cognitive development of students and the facilities or facilities available in accordance with the learning objectives so that the expected learning model can be achieved.
Implementation of learning about the delivery of stories by applying the Contextual Teaching And Learning (CTL) model. CTL is a learning concept that helps teachers relate to students' real-world situations and encourages students to make connections between the knowledge they have and their application in their daily lives. The CTL model runs in accordance with the scenarios in the Learning Implementation Plan (RPP), and has succeeded in creating a conducive learning situation where students are directly involved in the learning process, can also improve student learning outcomes for learning Indonesian which was initially considered boring.
The level of students' understanding of the delivery of stories after learning to use the CTL learning model can increase well, this can be seen from the results of the evaluation that in cycle 1, the average score of 67 categories was sufficient and in the second cycle it obtained an average score of 80 with a good category. After being given an action by using the application of the model of conventional teaching and learning (CTL) in cyle 1 students learning completeness is 74% or 20 Students. While in cycle 2 the classical learning achievement to 93% or 25 Students,
METODE PEMBELAJARAN DISCOVERY TERBIMBING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA PADA SISWA KELAS VII.1 SMP NEGERI 01 MUARA BUNGO TAHUN PELAJARAN 2018/2019
Authors: YANTI FIVE 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study aims to improve the science learning outcomes of class VIII students of SMP Negeri 01 Muara Bungo using guided discovery learning methods. This type of research is classroom action research. The subjects of this study were students of class VII.1 State Junior High School 01 Muara Bungo, totaling 28 students, consisting of 13 male students and 15 female students. Researchers used an action research model from Kemmis and Taggart.
This research was conducted in two cycles of action. In the first cycle, it was conducted in one meeting, while in the second cycle there were two meetings. In each cycle there are planning, implementation, observation and reflection activities. The instruments used were observation sheets and tests. Before being used in the study, the test was empirically validated and with expert judgment. The reliability of the test was calculated using Alpha Cronbach. Observation data were analyzed descriptively qualitatively while test results were analyzed descriptively quantitative percentage.
The results of the first cycle research showed that the percentage of students whose grades were above the KKM had only reached 71.43%, so they still could not reach the criteria for research success. In the second cycle, the steps for applying discovery learning methods to increase student success were carried out by providing motivation, dividing the number of smaller group members and heterogeneous members of the group, and giving the opportunity to make group presentations on the results of their practicum in front of the class. The percentage of student scores above the KKM in cycle II increased to 89.29%. Based on the research results, it can be seen that the guided survey method can improve science learning outcomes.
Keywords: methods, learning, guided discovery, science
Determinants of Iron Deficiency Anemia Among Pregnant Females Visiting Tertiary Care Hospitals, Lahore
Authors: Junaid Anam , Masood Iqra , Khansa Ms , Basharat Shahnai , Al Mostafa Morad Yaser 
Published: March 2021

Iron deficiency anemia refers to the anemia caused by insufficient iron stores within the body. The main cause of anemia in obstetrics is iron deficiency, which has a worldwide prevalence estimated between 20%–80% and constitutes mainly female population.
Objective: To find out the determinants of iron deficiency anemia amongst pregnant women visiting Tertiary Care Hospitals, Lahore. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore. A sample of 245 pregnant female patients was selected through non-probability convenient sampling technique. Data were collected with the pre-tested questionnaires. SPSS version 21.0 was used for data analysis.
Results: Amongst social determinants, socioeconomic status had a signifcant effect on iron defciency anemia; as 82% women belonged to low socioeconomic status. Among dietary determinants, less consumption of red meat was a major factor affecting IDA as 95% women were not consuming red meat more than two times a day thus contributing to overall iron defciency. Amongst clinical factors, lack of thorough clinical checkup before conception was a major factor as 79% women did not have regular clinical checkup before pregnancy.
Conclusions: Major determinants linked with IDA were dietary habits and practices such as preferring vegetables over meat, less overall consumption of red meat and excessive consumption of tea and coffee. Other determinants affecting IDA include low socioeconomic status, little or no gap between pregnancies and lack of knowledge and education concerning dietary practices during pregnancy.
Susceptibility of Aedes Aegypti Against Various Insecticides in Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Manzoor Farkhanda , Adalat Rooma , Faridi Tallat Anwar , Fatima Wafa , Moazzam Muhammad , Saggu Ayesha Qudus Sagg Qudus , Hassan Syed Bilal , Shehzad Ahmer , Khan Iqra Hamid Khan Hamid , Rana Saleem M 
Published: March 2021

Dengue fever is an arbo-viral infection, widespread all over the world. In 21th Century, there is no safe affordable and effective vaccine accessible yet; vector control is that most effective method for the control of the disease
Objective: To determine the susceptibility status of wild and laboratory strains larvae and adults of Aedes aegypti against different group of insecticides in Lahore city.
Method: From Lahore sites, larvae were collected where insecticides used for wild strain at high frequency and quantity. The Insectary of National Institute of Malaria Research and Training (NIMRT), Lahore, Pakistan, adults and larvae were collected for laboratory strain.The laboratory strains for larvae bioassays were used. The mosquitoes populations indoor and outdoor collected in 2009, hatched from larvae into adults insectary in Lahore, Pakistan. During this study, four major insecticides groups are used which include Pyrethroids (Deltamethrine 2.5% SC), Neonicotenoids (Imidacloprid 5% SC), Phenyl-pyrazoles (Fipronil 2.5% EC) and Organophosphates dichlorvos (DDVP 50% EC). For data analysis, Minitab statistical software (Version 13.20) used for data expressed as mean ± S.E.M from bioassays. By using EPA Probit, LC was estimated with 95% confidence. The 50 statistically significant p value was <= 0.05. For comparing the concentrations of insecticides, Duncan's multiple range tests was used with significant difference (5% level) using at New Costat.
Results: Different location of Lahore samples, Imidacloprid the most toxic to Aedes aegypti's wild strains on the other hand while Fipronil was also active for wild larval samples. Deltamethrine showed least activity against both adults and larval strains. The susceptibility of the eld strains was lower than laboratory strains; resistant ratio varies from insecticide to insecticide. In reporting results, mosquitos' population was resistance because of infrequent and incomplete coverage.
Conclusions: This study concluded that Pyrethroids and agriculture pest control play role in indirect growth of insecticides' classes. Based on this study it is suggested that by using new strategies to prevent and delay in growth of insecticides will helpful in Lahore, city, Pakistan.
Assessment of Dietary Practices Among Adults Suffering from Cholelithiasis Attending Teritary Care Hospitals, Lahore
Authors: Butt Wafa , Aslam Maria , Sharmeen Zainab , Fareed Maria , Pervaiz Hafiz Zain 
Published: March 2021

Less nutritional awareness, unhealthy food consumption and other risk factors leads to many severe diseases such as Cholelithiasis. People unintentionally omit food or some specifc food products due to some reasons such as cultural, social, religious norms and other preferences which leads to many chronic diseases.
Objective: To fnd out the dietary practices and among people suffering from cholelithiasis at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore
Methods: Total 100 samples of adults both male and female were selected through non- probability convenient sampling technique. Data collection was based on a simple interviewing technique with the help of food frequency questionnaire. SPSS version 21.0 was used for the analysis of data.
Results: Less nutritional awareness, unhealthy food consumption and other risk factors leads to many severe diseases such as Cholelithiasis. People unintentionally omit food or some specific food products due to some reasons such as cultural, social, religious norms and other preferences which leads to many chronic diseases.Study revealed that out of 100 patients only 32 were physically active, 54 were frequently skipping meals. Low water intake was seen in 38 patients. 32 patients were smokers in which 1 was female and remaining 31 were males. Starvation and skipping of meals especially breakfast were seen in most of the patients. Poor food habits were also seen into majority of patients. 76 patients were taking calories less than 1500. Fruits consumption in patients was average. 79 patients were frequently consuming fried food and 79 patients were consuming excess oil from their diet. Conclusions: It is concluded that consumption of fried foods, less nutritional awareness, low socioeconomic status, meal skipping, low physical activity ,BMI greater than 30 and other false dietary practices are directly related to the development of Cholelithiasis.
Coordination Difficulties in the Management of Operation Theatre in Children Hospital Lahore.
Authors: Hassan Taimoor , Saeed Sana , Moazzam Muhammad , Sadiq Manan , Siddique Sidra , Ayub Fahad 
Published: March 2021

An operation theatre is any facility within a hospital domain where the surgical procedures are carried out in a strict sterile cosmos. Management of the operation theatre requires the coordination of humane and material resources in such a way that surgery can be performed safely, efficiently and cost effectively.Objective: To identify the difficulties in coordination of operating room management and find out their solutions for better patient outcomes.
Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in Main Operation Theatre of Children Hospital and Institute of Child Health Lahore. Data was collected by using Convenient Sampling Technique. This was a hospital-based study in which staff members of both genders were included. The study population divided into four strata; doctors (surgeons and anesthetists), nurses, operation theatre technicians and anesthesia technicians. A total of 51 cases were observed and checked by a checklist about coordination diffculties in the management of operation theatre.
Results: A total of 51 cases were studied to determine the difficulties in management of operation theatre. 25.22% cases showed difficulty in proper management of Operation Theater. This result showed that there are still some difficulties like insufficient and old equipments, absence of proper sterilization, lack of proper leadership, work overload, no quality check of equipments, no teaching program, and unpunctuality of staff, improper timing and organization in the operation theater.
Conclusions: There are many difficulties in management of operation theatre regarding staff members, equipments, timings and sterilization. A proper leadership and organization can sort out these problems.
Frequency of Severity and Types of Hearing Impairment In Children of Age 5 to 10 Years in Audiology Department
Authors: Akhtar Daniel , Tahira Azmat , Sadaf Ambreen , Shahzadi Maria , Ahsan Umair , Ahmad Mohammad Muneeb 
Published: March 2021

Hearing impairment also known as hearing loss is a total or partial incapability to hear. Hard of hearing individuals have difficulty understanding speech sounds. The hearing tribulations in children could have an effect on the ability to learn spoken language as well as in adults it could be able to generate difficulty with social communication in addition to at work.
Objective: To determine the Frequency of severity level along with its types of hearing loss in children age 5 to 15 years coming to the Department of Audiology in Children Hospital and ICH, Lahore.
Methods: The Descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in the Audiology Department of Children Hospital and ICH in Lahore District, Punjab Province, Pakistan. Children of age limit between 5 to 15 years were had screened and examine for hearing impairment according to the World Health Organization (WHO) protocols. A purposive sampling technique was used. The Case-control analysis of the audiometric test had performed to find out the type and degree of Hearing loss, follow by Chi-Square analysis.
Results: The total of 175 children comprised the study population, in which 51.4% (n=90) children belong to the age group of 10-12 years, had Moderate to Severe SNHL due to Birth complications and lack of awareness about Preventable hearing loss especially in rural areas of Pakistan, 28.5% (n=50) children belong to the age group of 13-15 years, had Severe to Profound SNHL due to Consanguineous marriages, 20% (n=35) children belong to the age group of 7-9 years, had Mild to Moderate CHL due to Ear Discharge and other complications like Tonsillitis and Adenoids, etc.
Conclusions: This study concluded that a total of 175 children participated in that research, in which 90 children had Moderate to Severe SNHL, 50 children had Severe to Profound SNHL and 35 children had Mild to Moderate CHL.