bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical coherence tomography angiography in the multimodal assessment of the retinal posterior pole in autosomal dominant optic atrophy
Authors: Cesareo Massimo , Giannini Clarissa , Di Marino Matteo , Aloe Gianluca , Martucci Alessio , Aiello Francesco , Cusumano Andrea , Mancino Raffaele , Ricci Federico , Sorge Roberto Pietro , Nucci Carlo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeTo assess retinal vascular involvement in patients with autosomal dominant optic atrophy (ADOA) genetically confirmed by the presence of the OPA1 (Optic Atrophy 1) gene mutation using a multimodal protocol of investigation of retinal posterior pole.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional, case–control, observational study, both eyes of 13 patients with a genetic diagnosis of ADOA were compared with both eyes of 13 healthy controls (HCs). All subjects underwent full ophthalmological examination, spectral domain‐optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT), fundus perimetry (FP) and OCT angiography (OCTA).ResultsVessel density (VD) of the superficial and deep macular vascular plexi and of the radial peripapillary capillary plexus were significantly decreased (p ≤ 0.001) in ADOA patients compared with HCs. The area under the receiver operating characteristics analysis also revealed high values of sensitivity and specificity of OCTA parameters in distinguish between patients and HCs. A strong correlation (Pearson Coefficient, r = 0.91) emerged between OCTA VD of the superficial retinal plexus and the average Ganglion Cell Layer (GCL) thickness as measured by SD‐OCT; a slightly lower correlation (Pearson Coefficient, r = 0.89) was also found between VD of the deep plexus and the average GCL thickness of the same eyes in patients with ADOA. The correlation among values of differential light sensitivity (DLS) measured by FP with VD and GCL thickness parameters was also investigated. The correlation analysis among DLS and the VD parameters showed from low‐to‐moderate correlation (ranging from r = 0.29 for the deep fovea VD to r = 0.59 for the deep whole image VD). The correlation coefficient between the mean DLS and the average thickness of GCL was more significant (Pearson Coefficient, r = 0.75). A significant correlation emerged also between the VD and the visual acuity, in terms of LogMAR BCVA (best‐corrected visual acuity), especially for the VD of the deep capillary plexus (Pearson Coefficient for the Deep whole Image VD and LogMAR BCVA r = −0.75; for the Deep parafovea VD and LogMAR BCVA r = −0.78).ConclusionRetinal microvascular assessment by OCTA angiography can provide relevant clinical information on retinal involvement in ADOA patients. In patients with genetically confirmed OPA1‐related ADOA, there is a decrease in retinal vessel density associated with GCL thinning and DLS reduction.
Explicability of artificial intelligence in radiology: Is a fifth bioethical principle conceptually necessary?
Authors: Ursin Frank , Timmermann Cristian , Steger Florian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRecent years have witnessed intensive efforts to specify which requirements ethical artificial intelligence (AI) must meet. General guidelines for ethical AI consider a varying number of principles important. A frequent novel element in these guidelines, that we have bundled together under the term explicability, aims to reduce the black‐box character of machine learning algorithms. The centrality of this element invites reflection on the conceptual relation between explicability and the four bioethical principles. This is important because the application of general ethical frameworks to clinical decision‐making entails conceptual questions: Is explicability a free‐standing principle? Is it already covered by the well‐established four bioethical principles? Or is it an independent value that needs to be recognized as such in medical practice? We discuss these questions in a conceptual‐ethical analysis, which builds upon the findings of an empirical document analysis. On the example of the medical specialty of radiology, we analyze the position of radiological associations on the ethical use of medical AI. We address three questions: Are there references to explicability or a similar concept? What are the reasons for such inclusion? Which ethical concepts are referred to?
Fear of childbirth, nonurgent obstetric interventions, and newborn outcomes: A randomized controlled trial comparing mindfulness‐based childbirth and parenting with enhanced care as usual
Authors: Veringa‐Skiba Irena K. , de Bruin Esther I. , van Steensel Francisca J. A. , Bögels Susan M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether mindfulness‐based childbirth and parenting (MBCP) or enhanced care as usual (ECAU) for expectant couples decreases fear of childbirth (FOC) and nonurgent obstetric interventions during labor and improves newborn outcomes.DesignRandomized controlled trial.SettingMidwifery settings, the Netherlands, April 2014‐July 2017.PopulationPregnant women with high FOC (n = 141) and partners.MethodsAllocation to MBCP or ECAU. Hierarchical multilevel and intention‐to‐treat (ITT) and per‐protocol (PP) analyses.Main outcome measuresPrimary: pre‐/postintervention FOC, labor anxiety disorder, labor pain (catastrophizing and acceptance), and preferences for nonurgent obstetric interventions. Secondary: rates of epidural analgesia (EA), self‐requested cesarean birth (sCB), unmedicated childbirth, and 1‐ and 5‐minute newborn's Apgar scores.ResultsMBCP was significantly superior to ECAU in decreasing FOC, catastrophizing of labor pain, preference for nonurgent obstetric interventions, and increasing acceptance of labor pain. MBCP participants were 36% less likely to undergo EA (RR 0.64, 95% CI [0.43‐0.96]), 51% less likely to undergo sCB (RR 0.49, 95% CI [0.36‐0.67]), and twice as likely to have unmedicated childbirth relative to ECAU (RR 2.00, 95% CI [1.23‐3.20]). Newborn's 1‐minute Apgar scores were higher in MBCP (DM −0.39, 95% CI [−0.74 to −0.03]). After correction for multiple testing, results remained significant in ITT and PP analyses, except EA in ITT analyses and 1‐minute Apgar.ConclusionsMBCP for pregnant couples reduces mothers’ fear of childbirth, nonurgent obstetric interventions during childbirth and may improve childbirth outcomes. MBCP adapted for pregnant women with high FOC and their partners appears an acceptable and effective intervention for midwifery care.
Efficacy information influences intention to take COVID‐19 vaccine
Authors: Davis Colin J. , Golding Matt , McKay Ryan 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesA successful response to the COVID‐19 pandemic requires achieving high levels of vaccine uptake. We tested whether directly contrasting the high efficacy of COVID‐19 vaccines with the lower efficacy of the annual flu vaccine would increase intentions to take a COVID‐19 vaccine.DesignA pre‐registered online study of 481 participants compared four information conditions: (1) no information; (2) COVID‐19 Vaccine Information Only; and COVID‐19 Vaccine Information combined with flu vaccine information suggesting either (3) 60% efficacy or (4) 40% efficacy; we measured COVID‐19 and flu vaccine intentions along with several other vaccine‐related variables.MethodsThe Prolific platform was used to recruit 481 UK participants (64% female; aged between 18 and 85 years) who had been pre‐screened to have intermediate levels of vaccine hesitancy. After reading a short text (~200 words) about COVID‐19 vaccines, participants were asked about their vaccination intentions.ResultsProviding information about the safety and efficacy of the new COVID‐19 vaccines resulted in vaccination intentions that were, on average, 0.39 standard deviations (SDs) higher than those in the no information condition; providing the same COVID vaccine efficacy information in the context of information about flu vaccine efficacy resulted in a further significant increase in vaccination intentions that were 0.68 SD higher than those in the no information condition. This positive contrast effect for the COVID‐19 vaccine was not associated with reduced flu vaccine intentions.ConclusionsVaccination intentions can be strengthened through a simple messaging intervention that utilizes context effects to increase perceived response efficacy.
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor exerts pro‐proliferative and anti‐apoptotic effects via CD74 in murine hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wirtz Theresa H. , Saal Alena , Bergmann Irina , Fischer Petra , Heinrichs Daniel , Brandt Elisa F. , Koenen Maria T. , Djudjaj Sonja , Schneider Kai M. , Boor Peter , Bucala Richard , Weiskirchen Ralf , Bernhagen Jürgen , Trautwein Christian , Berres Marie‐Luise 
Published: July 2021

Background and PurposeMacrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an inflammatory and chemokine‐like protein expressed in different inflammatory diseases as well as solid tumours. CD74—as the cognate MIF receptor—was identified as an important target of MIF. We here analysed the role of MIF and CD74 in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in vitro and in vivo.Experimental ApproachMultilocular HCC was induced using the diethylnitrosamine/carbon tetrachloride (DEN/CCl4) model in hepatocyte‐specific Mif knockout (Mif Δhep), Cd74‐deficient, and control mice. Tumour burden was compared between the genotypes. MIF, CD74 and Ki67 expression were investigated in tumour and surrounding tissue. In vitro, the effects of the MIF/CD74 axis on the proliferative and apoptotic behaviour of hepatoma cells and respective signalling pathways were assessed after treatment with MIF and anti‐CD74 antibodies.Key ResultsDEN/CCl4 treatment of Mif Δhep mice resulted in reduced tumour burden and diminished proliferation capacity within tumour tissue. In vitro, MIF stimulated proliferation of Hepa 1–6 and HepG2 cells, inhibited therapy‐induced cell death and induced ERK activation. The investigated effects could be reversed using a neutralizing anti‐CD74 antibody, and Cd74−/− mice developed fewer tumours associated with decreased proliferation rates.Conclusion and ImplicationsWe identified a pro‐tumorigenic role of MIF during proliferation and therapy‐induced apoptosis of HCC cells. These effects were mediated via the MIF cognate receptor CD74. Thus, inhibition of the MIF/CD74 axis could represent a promising target with regard to new pharmacological therapies aimed at HCC.
Prediction model for malignant pulmonary nodules based on cfMeDIP‐seq and machine learning
Authors: Qi Jian , Hong Bo , Tao Rui , Sun Ruifang , Zhang Huanhu , Zhang Xiaopeng , Ji Jie , Wang Shujie , Liu Yanzhe , Deng Qingmei , Wang Hongzhi , Zhao Dahai , Nie Jinfu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCell‐free methylated DNA immunoprecipitation and high‐throughput sequencing (cfMeDIP‐seq) is a new bisulfite‐free technique, which can detect the whole‐genome methylation of blood cell‐free DNA (cfDNA). Using this technique, we identified differentially methylated regions (DMR) of cfDNA between lung tumors and normal controls. Based on the top 300 DMR, we built a random forest prediction model, which was able to distinguish malignant lung tumors from normal controls with high sensitivity and specificity of 91.0% and 93.3% (AUROC curve of 0.963). In summary, we reported a non–invasive prediction model that had good ability to distinguish malignant pulmonary nodules.
A nationwide birth year‐by‐year analysis of effectiveness of HPV vaccine in Japan
Authors: Yagi Asami , Ueda Yutaka , Nakagawa Satoshi , Masuda Tatsuo , Miyatake Takashi , Ikeda Sayaka , Abe Hazuki , Hirai Kei , Sekine Masayuki , Miyagi Etsuko , Enomoto Takayuki , Nakayama Tomio , Kimura Tadashi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn Japan, the age‐adjusted incidence of cervical cancer has been increasing constantly and rapidly among younger women. We set out to accurately confirm the effectiveness of the HPV vaccine in Japan. Data were collected for women born in the fiscal year (FY) 1990 to 1997, who became eligible for their 20‐y‐old cervical cancer screening between the FY 2010 to 2017. The adjusted incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)1+ in women born in FY 1990 to 1993, that is those who reached the national vaccination target age prior to the introduction of publicly subsidized HPV vaccinations, referred here after as “the pre‐introduction generation”, was 1.42% (242/17 040). The incidence in the “vaccination generation” (women born in FY 1994 to 1997, that is those who were heavily vaccinated as a group when they were of the nationally targeted age of 13‐16) was 1.66% (135/8020). There was no significant difference between these incidence rates. However, our FY birth year‐by‐year analysis revealed that the incidence of CIN1+ was obviously lower than that predicted based on just the trend for CIN1+ seen in the pre‐introduction generation. Our analysis revealed that the incidence of CIN3+ was obviously lower in the vaccination generation than in the pre‐introduction generation (P = .0008). The incidence of CIN was already tending to increase in both the pre‐introduction and vaccination generations. The changes in CIN incidence by individual birth FY must be examined to accurately determine the actual effects of the HPV vaccine for reducing mild cervical lesions.
The engagement of children in out‐of‐home care with nursing and allied health professionals: A scoping review
Authors: Hickey Lyndal , Galvin Karyn , Parolini Arno , Nguyen Bao , Lokmic‐Tomkins Zerina , Toovey Rachel , Skeat Jemma , Wise Sarah 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundChildren living in out‐of‐home care (OOHC) have significant unmet health care needs and use more tertiary and specialist health care services compared with children from similar social and economic backgrounds. Allied health professionals and nurses have a central role in health care; however, very little is known about the engagement of children in OOHC with nursing and allied health professionals. This scoping review addresses this knowledge gap.MethodsA scoping review methodology framework was used to search for relevant articles published between January 1970 and November 2019, identified using three databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL and ProQuest. Selection of studies was based on empirical research about the health of children in OOHC and their engagement with nursing or allied health services. A total of 37 relevant articles met the eligibility criteria for inclusion in this review.ResultsFindings could be summarized under five broad themes: (1) nursing and allied health professionals engaging with children in OOHC to support their health and development, (2) opportunities and challenges for nursing and allied health professionals to engage children in OOHC in healthcare, (3) identification and complexity of healthcare needs, (4) access to healthcare services and (5) coordination of healthcare.ConclusionsChildren in OOHC have multiple healthcare needs that require monitoring and treatment by allied health professionals and the health and development of these children is best supported through comprehensive health screening on entry into OOHC, and community‐based, multidisciplinary healthcare while children are living in OOHC. While nurses in hospitals and community settings were found to play a role in health assessment and care coordination targeted at children in OOHC, the literature was silent on the role of allied health professionals in this healthcare approach.
Distribution of comorbidities as primary diagnoses by obesity class among patients in a large US paediatric healthcare system
Authors: Nussbaum Brandon M. , Mathew Matthew Sunil , Atem Folefac , Barlow Sarah E. , Gupta Olga T. , Messiah Sarah E. 
Published: July 2021

SummaryThere is little documentation of the distribution of specific health conditions across obesity classes (I, II, III), especially for paediatric populations who are seen for routine care in large United States US healthcare systems. The aim of this study was to assess the odds of presenting ≥2 obesity‐related comorbidities as well as assess the overall distribution of these co‐morbidities in children by class I/II/III obesity status controlling for key sociodemographic characteristics. This retrospective (2015–2019) electronic health record review analysed 49 276 patients from the Children's Health System of Texas diagnosed with obesity‐related health conditions by obesity status (no obesity, class I, II, III). Crude and adjusted logistic regression models examined the association between obesity class and the likelihood of ≥2 comorbidities as primary diagnoses. Patients with class I obesity were 22% more likely (OR 1.22, 95% CI, 1.16, 1.27), patients with class II obesity were almost 50% more likely (OR 1.44, 95% CI, 1.35, 1.53) and those with class III obesity twice as likely (OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.91, 2.18) to be diagnosed with ≥2 comorbidities as primary diagnoses, compared with patients classified with no obesity. Children with obesity, particularly severe obesity, should be monitored closely by paediatricians for possible diagnoses of risk factors that could lead to adult chronic disease.
Level of inferior mesenteric artery ligation does not affect rectal cancer treatment outcomes despite better cancer‐specific survival after low ligation—randomized trial results
Authors: Kruszewski Wiesław Janusz , Szajewski Mariusz , Ciesielski Maciej , Buczek Tomasz , Kawecki Krzysztof , Walczak Jakub 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimIn rectal cancer surgery, the problem about which of the mesenteric artery ligation variants (high or low) is more beneficial to the patient remains unsolved. Recent meta‐analyses suggest that the risk of surgical complications is similar for both ligation variants. The main objective was to compare the survival time in both groups with a minimum 48 months’ follow‐up. Secondary objectives were comparison of the number of harvested lymph nodes, the complication rate and other selected data related to the surgery.MethodThis was a randomized, single‐centre, unblinded clinical trial of adult patients (n = 130) with cT1‐3M0/ycT0‐3M0 rectal and rectosigmoid junction adenocarcinoma undergoing radical open surgery. The intervention level was inferior mesenteric artery ligation.ResultsThe mean and median survival in the whole group was 45 months, while in the survivor group it was 83 and 82 months. The survival for 1–5 years, overall survival and disease‐free survival were similar in both groups. The cancer‐specific survival time was longer in the low inferior mesenteric artery ligation group (P = 0.005 for all and P = 0.02 for pTNM Stage III patients) There were no differences in the incidence of anastomotic leakage and overall morbidity. The median number of lymph nodes located at the root of the inferior mesenteric artery was 1; the mean was 1.7. They were not metastatic in any case. The median total number of harvested nodes was similar in both groups.ConclusionsIn radically treated adenocarcinoma of the rectum and the rectosigmoid junction, the level of inferior mesenteric artery ligation below the left colic artery branch provides similar treatment results to inferior mesenteric artery ligation just below its branching from the aorta in relation to overall and disease‐free survival, and the risk of complications. Low inferior mesenteric artery ligation results in better cancer‐specific survival. The risk of metastases at the mesenteric nodes is negligible.
Implicit learning in 3‐year‐olds with high and low likelihood of autism shows no evidence of precision weighting differences
Authors: Ward Emma K. , Buitelaar Jan K. , Hunnius Sabine 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPredictive Processing accounts of autism claim that autistic individuals assign higher precision to their prediction errors than non‐autistic individuals, that is, autistic individuals update their predictions more readily when faced with unexpected sensory input. Since setting the level of precision is a fundamental part of perception and learning, we propose that such differences should be detectable in various domains at a very early age, before clinical symptoms have fully emerged. We therefore tested 3‐year‐old younger siblings of autistic children, with a high likelihood of later receiving an autism diagnosis themselves, and low‐likelihood children with an older sibling without autism. We used a novel implicit learning paradigm to examine the effect of sensory noise on the predictions participants built. In order to learn a sequence, our participants had to select which visual information to attend to and disregard low‐level prediction errors caused by the sensory noise, which the theory claims is more difficult for autistic individuals. Contrary to the proposed higher precision‐weighting of prediction errors in autism, the high‐likelihood children did not show signs of updating their predictions more readily when we added sensory noise compared to the low‐likelihood children, either in their reaction times or in the recurrence and determinism of their response locations. These results raise challenges for Predictive Processing theories of autism, specifically for the notion that prediction errors are inflexibly highly weighted by individuals with autism.
Metabolically healthy obesity and cardiovascular events: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Fauchier Grégoire , Bisson Arnaud , Bodin Alexandre , Herbert Julien , Semaan Carl , Angoulvant Denis , Ducluzeau Pierre Henri , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Fauchier Laurent 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the associations between metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and different types of incident cardiovascular events in a contemporary population.Materials and MethodsAll patients discharged from French hospitals in 2013 with at least 5 years of follow‐up and without a history of major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE; myocardial infarction, heart failure [HF], ischaemic stroke or cardiovascular death [MACE‐HF]) or underweight/malnutrition were identified. They were categorized by phenotypes defined by obesity and three metabolic abnormalities (diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia). Hazard ratios (HRs) for cardiovascular events during follow‐up were adjusted on age, sex and smoking status at baseline.ResultsIn total, 2 873 039 individuals were included in the analysis, among whom 272 838 (9.5%) had obesity. During a mean follow‐up of 4.9 years, when pooling men and women, individuals with MHO had a higher risk of MACE‐HF (multivariate‐adjusted HR 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19‐1.24), new‐onset HF (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.31‐1.37) and atrial fibrillation (AF; HR 1.33, 95% CI 1.30‐1.37) compared with individuals with no obesity and zero metabolic abnormalities. By contrast, risks were not higher for myocardial infarction (HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.87‐0.98), ischaemic stroke (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.88‐0.98) and cardiovascular death (HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.93‐1.04). MHO in men was associated with a higher risk of clinical events compared with metabolically healthy men of normal weight (HR 1.12‐1.80), while women with MHO had a lower risk for most events than metabolically healthy women of normal weight (HR 0.49‐0.99).ConclusionsIn a large and contemporary analysis of patients seen in French hospitals, individuals with MHO did not have a higher risk of myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke or cardiovascular death than metabolically healthy individuals with no obesity. By contrast, they had a higher risk of new‐onset HF and new‐onset AF. However, notable differences were observed in men and women in the sex‐stratified analysis.