bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microstructural Impact of Si and Ni During High Temperature Quenching and Partitioning Process in Medium-Mn Steels
Authors: Ayenampudi S. , Celada-Casero C. , Arechabaleta Z. , Arribas M. , Arlazarov A. , Sietsma J. , Santofimia M. J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Austenite stabilization through carbon partitioning from martensite into austenite is an essential aspect of the quenching and partitioning (Q&P) process. Substitutional alloying elements are often included in the chemical composition of Q&P steels to further control the microstructure development by inhibiting carbide precipitation (silicon) and further stabilize austenite (manganese and nickel). However, these elements can interfere in the microstructure development, especially when high partitioning temperatures are considered. In this study, the microstructural development during the Q&P process of four low-carbon, medium-manganese steels with varying contents of silicon and nickel is investigated. During partitioning at 400 °C, silicon hinders cementite precipitation in primary martensite thereby assisting carbon partitioning from martensite to austenite. During partitioning at temperatures of 500 °C and 600 °C, presence of nickel inhibits pearlite formation and promotes austenite reversion, respectively. It is observed that the stabilization of austenite is significantly enhanced through the addition of nickel by slowing down the kinetics of competitive reactions that are stimulated during the partitioning stage. Results of this study provide an understanding of the interplay among carbon, silicon and nickel during Q&P processing that will allow the development of new design strategies to tailor the microstructure of this family of alloys.
Role of Superficial Defects and Machining Depth in Tensile Properties of Electron Beam Melting (EBM) Made Inconel 718
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyu , Rashid Amir , Strondl Annika , Hulme-Smith Christopher , Stenberg Niclas , Dadbakhsh Sasan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSince there is no report on the influence of machining depth on electron beam melting (EBM) parts, this paper investigated the role of superficial defects and machining depth in the performance of EBM made Inconel 718 (IN718) samples. Therefore, as-built EBM samples were analyzed against the shallow-machined (i.e., only removal of outer surfaces) and deep-machined (i.e., deep surface removal into the material) parts. It was shown that both as-built and shallow-machined samples had a drastically lower yield strength (970 ± 50 MPa), ultimate tensile stress (1200 ± 40 MPa), and ductility (28 ± 2%) compared to the deep-machined samples. This was since premature failure occurred due to various superficial defects. The superficial defects appeared in two levels, as (1) notches and pores on the surface and (2) irregular pores and cracks within the subsurface. Since the latter occurred down to 2 mm underneath the surface, shallow machining only exposed the subsurface defects to outer surfaces. Thus, the shallow-machined parts achieved only 68% and 8% of UTS and elongation of the deep-machined parts, respectively. This low performance occurred to be comparable to the as-built parts, which failed prematurely due to the high fraction surface voids and notches as well as the subsurface defects.
Potential of process information transfer along the process chain of hybrid components for process monitoring of the cutting process
Authors: Denkena Berend , Behrens Bernd-Arno , Bergmann Benjamin , Stonis Malte , Kruse Jens , Witt Matthias 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe production of hybrid components involves a long process chain, which leads to high investment costs even before machining. To increase process safety and process quality during finishing, it is necessary to provide information about the semi-finished parts geometry for the machining process and to identify defect components at an early stage. This paper presents an investigation to predict variations in dimension and cavities inside the material during cross-wedge rolling of shafts based on measured tool pressure. First, the process is investigated with respect to the variation in diameter for three roll gaps and two materials. Subsequently, features are generated from the hydraulic pressures of the tools and multi-linear regression models are developed in order to determine the resulting diameters of the shaft shoulder. These models show better prediction accuracy than models based on meta-data about set roll gap and formed material. The features are additionally used to successfully monitor the process with regard to the Mannesmann effect. Finally, a sensor concept for a new cross-wedge rolling machine to improve the prediction of the workpiece geometry and a new approach for monitoring machining processes of workpieces with dimensional variations are presented for upcoming studies.
Sample-based longitudinal discrete choice experiments: preferences for electric vehicles over time
Authors: Keller Katharina , Schlereth Christian , Hinz Oliver 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDiscrete choice experiments have emerged as the state-of-the-art method for measuring preferences, but they are mostly used in cross-sectional studies. In seeking to make them applicable for longitudinal studies, our study addresses two common challenges: working with different respondents and handling altering attributes. We propose a sample-based longitudinal discrete choice experiment in combination with a covariate-extended hierarchical Bayes logit estimator that allows one to test the statistical significance of changes. We showcase this method’s use in studies about preferences for electric vehicles over six years and empirically observe that preferences develop in an unpredictable, non-monotonous way. We also find that inspecting only the absolute differences in preferences between samples may result in misleading inferences. Moreover, surveying a new sample produced similar results as asking the same sample of respondents over time. Finally, we experimentally test how adding or removing an attribute affects preferences for the other attributes.
Promoting teacher self-efficacy for supporting English learners in mathematics: effects of the Visual Access to Mathematics professional development
Authors: Neumayer DePiper Jill , Louie Josephine , Nikula Johannah , Buffington Pamela , Tierney-Fife Peter , Driscoll Mark 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTeachers’ confidence and facility with strategies that position and support students who are English learners (ELs) as active participants in middle grades mathematics classrooms are key to facilitating ELs’ mathematics learning. The Visual Access to Mathematics (VAM) project developed and studied teacher professional development (PD) focused on linguistically-responsive teaching to facilitate ELs’ mathematical problem solving and discourse. This study examines whether VAM PD has a positive impact on teachers’ self-efficacy in supporting ELs in mathematics and how components of the PD may have influenced teacher outcomes. Results from a field test involving a cluster randomized trial of 101 teacher participants from 47 schools showed that VAM PD had a positive impact on participants’ self-efficacy related to teaching ELs in mathematics, based on pre/post self-efficacy survey responses. An analysis of participants’ written reflections suggests that supported implementation of language strategies with ELs in their mathematics teaching contexts was a key PD component that contributed to teacher self-efficacy outcomes. Findings offer implications for mathematics teacher PD and for facilitating ELs’ learning in mathematics.
Subexponential decay and regularity estimates for eigenfunctions of localization operators
Authors: Bastianoni Federico , Teofanov Nenad 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe consider time-frequency localization operators $$A_a^{\varphi _1,\varphi _2}$$

A
a

φ
1

,

φ
2

with symbols a in the wide weighted modulation space $$ M^\infty _{w}({\mathbb {R}^{2d}})$$

M
w
∞

(

R

2
d

)

, and windows $$ \varphi _1, \varphi _2 $$

φ
1

,

φ
2

in the Gelfand–Shilov space $$\mathcal {S}^{\left( 1\right) }(\mathbb {R}^d)$$

S

1

(

R

d

)

. If the weights under consideration are of ultra-rapid growth, we prove that the eigenfunctions of $$A_a^{\varphi _1,\varphi _2}$$

A
a

φ
1

,

φ
2

have appropriate subexponential decay in phase space, i.e. that they belong to the Gelfand–Shilov space $$ \mathcal {S}^{(\gamma )} (\mathbb {R^{d}}) $$

S

(
γ
)

(

R
d

)

, where the parameter $$\gamma \ge 1 $$

γ
≥
1

is related to the growth of the considered weight. An important role is played by $$\tau $$
τ
-pseudodifferential operators $$Op_{\tau } (\sigma )$$

O

p
τ

(
σ
)

. In that direction we show convenient continuity properties of $$Op_{\tau } (\sigma )$$

O

p
τ

(
σ
)

when acting on weighted modulation spaces. Furthermore, we prove subexponential decay and regularity properties of the eigenfunctions of $$Op_{\tau } (\sigma )$$

O

p
τ

(
σ
)

when the symbol $$\sigma $$
σ
belongs to a modulation space with appropriately chosen weight functions. As an auxiliary result we also prove new convolution relations for (quasi-)Banach weighted modulation spaces.
Breakup and Coalescence of Oil Droplets in Protein-Stabilized Emulsions During the Atomization and the Drying Step of a Spray Drying Process
Authors: Taboada Martha L. , Chutani Doll , Karbstein Heike P. , Gaukel Volker 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe goal of this study was to investigate the changes in oil droplet size in whey protein–stabilized emulsions during the atomization and the subsequent drying step of a spray drying process. For this purpose, experiments were performed in an atomization rig and a pilot spray dryer with two commercial pressure swirl atomizers. By comparing the oil droplet size before atomization, after atomization, and after spray drying, the changes in oil droplet size during each process step were quantified. The effect of oil droplet breakup during atomization was isolated by atomizing emulsions with 1 wt.% oil content and a protein to oil concentration ratio of 0.1. At 100 bar, the Sauter mean diameter of oil droplet size was reduced from 3.13 to 0.61 μm. Directly after breakup, coalescence of the oil droplets was observed for emulsions with a high oil content of 30 wt.%, leading to a droplet size after atomization of 1.15 μm. Increasing the protein to oil concentration ratio to 0.2 reduced coalescence during atomization and oil droplets with a mean diameter of 0.92 μm were obtained. Further coalescence was observed during the drying step: for an oil content of 30 wt.% and a protein to oil concentration ratio of 0.1 the mean droplet size increased to 1.77 μm. Powders produced at high oil contents showed a strong tendency to clump. Comparable effects were observed for a spray drying process with a different nozzle at 250 bar. The results confirm that droplet breakup and coalescence during atomization and coalescence during drying have to be taken into consideration when targeting specific oil droplet sizes in the product. This is relevant for product design in spray drying applications, in which the oil droplet size in the powder or after its redispersion determines product quality and stability.
Access to patient oriented information—a baseline Endo-ERN survey among patients with rare endocrine disorders
Authors: Iotova Violeta , Schalin-Jäntti Camilla , Bruegmann Petra , Broesamle Manuela , De Graaf Johan , Bratina Natasa , Tillmann Vallo , Pereira Alberto M. , Hiort Olaf 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Aim
To perform a baseline survey on condition-specific information access among patients/parents/caregivers with rare endocrine disorders (RD) in Europe.

Methods
Electronic invitation to participate in a survey (19 questions) was sent to 120 patient advocacy groups (PAGs), and further distributed to 32 European countries.

Results
A total of 1138 respondents from 22 countries (74% women), aged between 1 year (parents) and 70 years, participated. The Netherlands, France, Germany, Italy and France had highest participation rates. All Main Thematic Groups (MTGs) were represented; the adrenal (32%), pituitary (26%) and thyroid (22%) were the most common. The majority of the respondents got information from their endocrinologist (75%), PAGs (37%) and expert reference centre (22%); 95% received information in their mother tongue. Leaflets (70%), infographics (65%), webinars (60%) and Internet films (55%) were preferred ways of learning. Respondents relied mostly on materials by PAGs and alliances (79%), rather than from specific international RD sites (15%). Fifty-six percent used Facebook, and 37% other social media, with a significant age difference (<40/>40 years) among non-users, 19% vs. 36%, p < 0.0001. Of all, 685 answered questions on informational materials for children−79% wanted materials that can be used by the children themselves. There was significant age difference (<40 years/>40 years) in the willingness to help create new educational materials; 49% vs. 34%, p < 0.001.

Conclusions
Our current patient information access survey provides a sound basis for further planning and execution of educational and teaching activities by Endo-ERN.
Mental health of medical workers in Japan during COVID-19: Relationships with loneliness, hope and self-compassion
Authors: Kotera Yasuhiro , Ozaki Akihiko , Miyatake Hirotomo , Tsunetoshi Chie , Nishikawa Yoshitaka , Tanimoto Tetsuya 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe current pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has negatively impacted medical workers’ mental health in many countries including Japan. Although research identified poor mental health of medical workers in COVID-19, protective factors for their mental health remain to be appraised. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate relationships between mental health problems, loneliness, hope and self-compassion among Japanese medical workers, and compare with the general population. Online self-report measures regarding those four constructs were completed by 142 medical workers and 138 individuals in the general population. T-tests and multiple regression analysis were performed. Medical workers had higher levels of mental health problems and loneliness, and lower levels of hope and self-compassion than the general population. Loneliness was the strongest predictor of mental health problems in the medical workers. Findings suggest that Japanese medical workplaces may benefit from targeting workplace loneliness to prevent mental health problems among the medical staff.
A Note on the Strong Maximum Principle for Fully Nonlinear Equations on Riemannian Manifolds
Authors: Goffi Alessandro , Pediconi Francesco 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe investigate strong maximum (and minimum) principles for fully nonlinear second-order equations on Riemannian manifolds that are non-totally degenerate and satisfy appropriate scaling conditions. Our results apply to a large class of nonlinear operators, among which Pucci’s extremal operators, some singular operators such as those modeled on the p- and $$\infty $$
∞
-Laplacian, and mean curvature-type problems. As a byproduct, we establish new strong comparison principles for some second-order uniformly elliptic problems when the manifold has nonnegative sectional curvature.
Urban Geology for the Enhancement of the Hypogean Geosites: the Perugia Underground (Central Italy)
Authors: Melelli Laura , Silvani Fabio , Ercoli Maurizio , Pauselli Cristina , Tosi Grazia , Radicioni Fabio 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUrban geology analyses natural risks and promotes geoheritage in urban areas. In the cities, characterized by a high cultural value, the hypogean artificial cavities, often present in the downtown, offer a unique opportunity to show the geological substratum. Moreover, these places could be a point of interest in urban trekking with the abiotic component of the landscape as a topic (geotourism). To investigate these areas, rigorous bibliographic research and a geomorphological assessment are the first steps, but, besides, non-invasive methods are new techniques increasingly in demand. In this paper, we present a multidisciplinary study on the Etruscan Well (third century B.C.), one of the most important Etruscan artefacts in Perugia (Umbria region, Central Italy). The characteristics of the sedimentary deposits outcropping along the perimeter walls have been collected. Moreover, to show the underground geoheritage, we provide a 3D model of the well and the surrounding area integrating a georeferenced laser scanner survey with ground-penetrating radar prospecting. We aim to obtain a tridimensional mapping of accessible internal rooms to depict the geological characteristics of the Etruscan Well, also revealing a surrounding network of buried galleries. The results are not only a meaningful advancement in the archaeological, geological and historical knowledge of the downtown of Perugia but are a hint for the geoheritage promotion and dissemination, providing images and 3D reconstruction of underground areas.
The strain-generated electrical potential in cartilaginous tissues: a role for piezoelectricity
Authors: Poillot Philip , Le Maitre Christine L. , Huyghe Jacques M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe strain-generated potential (SGP) is a well-established mechanism in cartilaginous tissues whereby mechanical forces generate electrical potentials. In articular cartilage (AC) and the intervertebral disc (IVD), studies on the SGP have focused on fluid- and ionic-driven effects, namely Donnan, diffusion and streaming potentials. However, recent evidence has indicated a direct coupling between strain and electrical potential. Piezoelectricity is one such mechanism whereby deformation of most biological structures, like collagen, can directly generate an electrical potential. In this review, the SGP in AC and the IVD will be revisited in light of piezoelectricity and mechanotransduction. While the evidence base for physiologically significant piezoelectric responses in tissue is lacking, difficulties in quantifying the physiological response and imperfect measurement techniques may have underestimated the property. Hindering our understanding of the SGP further, numerical models to-date have negated ferroelectric effects in the SGP and have utilised classic Donnan theory that, as evidence argues, may be oversimplified. Moreover, changes in the SGP with degeneration due to an altered extracellular matrix (ECM) indicate that the significance of ionic-driven mechanisms may diminish relative to the piezoelectric response. The SGP, and these mechanisms behind it, are finally discussed in relation to the cell response.
The tunneling effect for Schrödinger operators on a vector bundle
Authors: Klein Markus , Rosenberger Elke 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the semiclassical limit$$\hbar \rightarrow 0$$ħ→0, we analyze a class of self-adjoint Schrödinger operators$$H_\hbar = \hbar ^2 L + \hbar W + V\cdot {\mathrm {id}}_{\mathscr {E}}$$Hħ=ħ2L+ħW+V·idEacting on sections of a vector bundle$${\mathscr {E}}$$Eover an oriented Riemannian manifoldMwhereLis a Laplace type operator,Wis an endomorphism field and the potential energyVhas non-degenerate minima at a finite number of points$$m^1,\ldots m^r \in M$$m1,…mr∈M, called potential wells. Using quasimodes of WKB-type near$$m^j$$mjfor eigenfunctions associated with the low lying eigenvalues of$$H_\hbar $$Hħ, we analyze the tunneling effect, i.e. the splitting between low lying eigenvalues, which e.g. arises in certain symmetric configurations. Technically, we treat the coupling between different potential wells by an interaction matrix and we consider the case of a single minimal geodesic (with respect to the associated Agmon metric) connecting two potential wells and the case of a submanifold of minimal geodesics of dimension$$\ell + 1$$ℓ+1. This dimension$$\ell $$ℓdetermines the polynomial prefactor for exponentially small eigenvalue splitting.
Therapy of infected wounds: overcoming clinical challenges by advanced drug delivery systems
Authors: Kaiser Pia , Wächter Jana , Windbergs Maike 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn recent years, the incidence of infected wounds is steadily increasing, and so is the clinical as well as economic interest in effective therapies. These combine reduction of pathogen load in the wound with general wound management to facilitate the healing process. The success of current therapies is challenged by harsh conditions in the wound microenvironment, chronicity, and biofilm formation, thus impeding adequate concentrations of active antimicrobials at the site of infection. Inadequate dosing accuracy of systemically and topically applied antibiotics is prone to promote development of antibiotic resistance, while in the case of antiseptics, cytotoxicity is a major problem. Advanced drug delivery systems have the potential to enable the tailor-made application of antimicrobials to the side of action, resulting in an effective treatment with negligible side effects. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of treatment options for the therapy of infected wounds. In this context, a special focus is set on delivery systems for antimicrobials ranging from semi-solid and liquid formulations over wound dressings to more advanced carriers such as nano-sized particulate systems, vesicular systems, electrospun fibers, and microneedles, which are discussed regarding their potential for effective therapy of wound infections. Further, established and novel models and analytical techniques for preclinical testing are introduced and a future perspective is provided.
Graphical abstract
Characteristics of high enjoyment teachers of mathematics in primary schools
Authors: Russo James , Bobis Janette , Downton Ann , Feng Maggie , Hughes Sally , Livy Sharyn , McCormick Melody , Sullivan Peter 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDespite teacher enjoyment of teaching being associated with a range of benefits for teachers and their students, little research exploring the characteristics of teachers who enjoy teaching mathematics exists. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten teachers who scored in the top third in terms of their enjoyment of teaching mathematics from a sample of 118 generalist, early-year primary school teachers. Thematic analysis of interview data revealed that negative-to-positive turning point experiences were commonplace amongst high-enjoyment primary teachers, but so too were reports of consistently positive feelings towards mathematics throughout their entire lives. While most articulated a passion for teaching mathematics, all teachers considered instances when students experienced ‘light bulb’ moments in their mathematical understanding that made a mathematics lesson enjoyable to teach. An important implication of our research is that one need not be a ‘maths person’ to come to love teaching mathematics. Rather, positive experiences in one’s pre-service teacher education, or in-service teacher professional learning, have the potential to transform one’s attitude towards teaching mathematics.