bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preventing childhood obesity primary schools: a realist review from UK perspective
Authors: Ijaz Sharea , Nobles James , Johnson Laura , Moore Theresa , Savović Jelena , Jago Russell 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveto identify contextual and mechanistic factors associated with outcomes of school-based obesity prevention interventions which may be implementable in UK primary schools.Designrealist synthesis following REMESES guidance. We developed an initial programme theory through expert consensus and stakeholder input and refined it with data from included studies to produce a final programme theory including all context-mechanism-outcome configurations.Settingprimary schoolsParticipantschildren aged 4-12Interventionsincluded in the 2019 Cochrane review on prevention of childhood obesityOutcomesBMIzResultsWe included 24 studies comprised of 71 documents in our synthesis. We found that contextual factors such as baseline BMIz affects intervention mechanisms variably, while girls, older children and those with higher parental education consistently benefitted more from school-based interventions. Key mechanisms associated with beneficial effect were sufficient intervention dose, environmental modification, and the intervention components working together as a whole. Education alone did not produce favourable outcomes.ConclusionsInterventions should go beyond education and incorporate a sufficient dose to trigger change in BMIz. Contextual factors deserve consideration when commissioning interventions to avoid widening health inequalities.
Pharmacokinetics and safety of XAV-19, a swine glyco-humanized polyclonal anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody, for COVID-19-related moderate pneumonia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase IIa study
Authors: Gaborit Benjamin , Dailly Eric , Vanhove Bernard , Josien Régis , Lacombe Karine , Dubee Vincent , Ferre Virginie , Brouard Sophie , Ader Florence , Vibet Marie-Anne , Thuaut Aurélie Le , Danger Richard , Flet Laurent , Omnes Anne , Berly Laetitia , Chiffoleau Anne , Jobert Alexandra , Duvaux Odile , Raffi François ,   POLYCOR trial group
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundWe assessed the pharmacokinetics and safety of XAV-19, a swine glyco-humanized polyclonal antibody against SARS-CoV-2, in COVID-19-related moderate pneumonia. In vitro, 100% neutralization activity is seen with XAV-19 concentrations above 5 μg/mL.MethodsIn this phase 2a trial, adults with COVID-19-related moderate pneumonia of ≤10 days duration were randomized to infusion of XAV-19 0.5 mg/kg at day 1 and day 5 (group 1), 2 mg/kg at day 1 and day 5 (group 2), 2 mg/kg at day 1 (group 3) or placebo.ResultsEighteen patients (n=7 for group 1, n=1 for group 2, n=5 for group 3, and n=5 for placebo) were enrolled. Baseline characteristics were similar across groups, XAV-19 serum concentrations (μg/mL, median, range) at Cmaxand at day 8 were 9.1 (5.2-18.1) and 6.4 (2.8-11.9), 71.5 and 47.2, and 50.4 (29.1-55.0) and 20.3 (12.0-22.7) for groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively (p=0.012). Terminal half-life (median, range) was estimated at 11.4 (5.5-13.9) days for 2 mg/kg of XAV-19 at day 1. Serum XAV-19 concentrations were above the target concentration of 10 μg/mL (tow fold the in vitro 100% inhibitory concentration [IC100]) from the end of perfusion to more than 8 days for XAV-19 2 mg/kg at day 1. No hypersensitivity or infusion-related reactions were reported during treatment, there was no discontinuation for adverse events and no serious adverse events related to study drug.ConclusionsSingle intravenous dose of 2 mg/kg of XAV-19 demonstrated high serum concentrations, predictive of potent durable neutralizing activity with good tolerability.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT04453384Main pointIn this first-in-human trial including patients with COVID-19-related pneumonia, a single 2mg/kg dose of a swine glyco-humanized polyclonal anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody, achieved serum concentrations above the target of neutralization threshold for 8 days in all patients, with good tolerability and safety.
The genetics of hereditary cancer risk syndromes in Brazil: a comprehensive analysis of 1682 patients
Authors: de Oliveira Jarbas Maciel , Zurro Nuria Bengala , Coelho Antonio Victor Campos , Caraciolo Marcel Pinheiro , de Alexandre Rodrigo Bertollo , Cervato Murilo Castro , Minillo Renata Moldenhauer , de Vasconcelos Carvalho Neto George , Grivicich Ivana , de Oliveira Filho João Bosco 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHereditary cancer risk syndromes are caused by germline variants. Most studies on hereditary cancer have been conducted in white populations. We report the largest study in Brazilian individuals with multiple ethnicities. We genotyped 1682 individuals from all regions of the country with Next-generation sequencing (NGS) panels. Most were women with personal/family history of cancer, mostly breast and ovarian. We identified 321 pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants in 305 people (18.1%) distributed among 32 genes. Most were on BRCA1 and BRCA2 (129 patients, 26.2% and 14.3% of all P/LP, respectively), MUTYH (42 monoallelic patients, 13.1%), PALB2 (25, 7.8%), Lynch syndrome genes (17, 5.3%), and TP53 (17, 5.3%). Transheterozygosity prevalence in our sample was 0.89% (15/1682). BRCA1/BRCA2 double heterozygosity rate was 0.78% (1/129) for BRCA variants carriers and 0.06% (1/1682) overall. We evaluated the performance of the genetic testing criteria by NCCN and Brazilian National Health Agency (ANS). We observed false negative rates of 17.3% and 44.2%, meaning that both failed to detect a substantial part of P/LP positive patients. Our results add knowledge on the Brazilian spectrum of cancer risk germline variants, demonstrate that large multigene panels have high rates of positivity, and indicate that Brazilian testing guidelines should be improved.
Racial Differences in Liver Cancer Incidence and Risk Factors Among a Low Socioeconomic Population
Authors: Muhimpundu Sylvie , Conway Baqiyyah N. , Andersen Shaneda Warren , Lipworth Loren , Steinwandel Mark D. , Blot William J. , Shu Xiao-Ou , Sudenga Staci L. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundLiver cancer incidence in the United States is higher among African Americans compared to Whites. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in risk factors associated with Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among Whites and African Americans from low socioeconomic backgrounds in the Southern Community Cohort Study (SCCS).MethodsThe SCCS is a prospective cohort study with participants from the southeastern US. HCC incidence rates were calculated. Multivariable Cox regression was used to calculate HCC adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) associated with known baseline HCC risk factors for Whites and African Americans, separately.ResultsThere were 294 incident HCC. The incidence rate ratio for HCCwas higher (IRR=1.4, 95%CI: 1.1-1.9) in African Americans compared to Whites. Whites saw a stronger association between self-reported Hepatitis C Virus (aHR= 19.24, 95%CI: 10.58-35.00) and diabetes (aHR= 3.55, 95%CI: 1.96-6.43) for the development of HCCcompared to African Americans (aHR= 7.73, 95%CI: 5.71-10.47 and aHR = 1.48, 95%CI: 1.06-2.06, respectively) even though the prevalence of these risk factors was similar between races. Smoking (aHR= 2.91, 95%CI: 1.87-4.52) and heavy alcohol consumption (aHR= 1.59, 95%CI: 1.19-2.11) were significantly associated with HCC risk among African Americans only.ConclusionsIn this large prospective cohort, we observed racial differences in HCC incidence and risk factors associated with HCC among African Americans and Whites.ImpactUnderstanding HCC risk differences can assist prevention strategies that target people at high risk, potentially based on risk factors that differ by race.
A Retrospective Analysis of Feeding Practices and Complications in Patients with Critical Bronchiolitis on Non-invasive Respiratory Support
Authors: Lenihan Ariann , Ramos Vannessa , Nemec Nichole , Lukowski Joseph , Lee Junghyae , Kendall K. Meghan , Mahapatra Sidharth 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLimited data exist regarding feeding pediatric patients managed on non-invasive respiratory support (NRS) modes that augment oxygentation and ventilation in the setting of respiratory failure. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to explore the safety of feeding patients managed on NRS with acute respiratory failure secondary to bronchiolitis. Children up to 2 years old with critical bronchiolitis managed on RAM, CPAP, or BiPAP were included. Of the 178 eligible patients, 64 were reportedly NPO while 114 were fed (EN). Overall equivalent in severity of illness, younger patients populated the EN group, while the NPO group experienced a higher incidence of intubation. Duration of PICU stay and NRS were shorter in the NPO group, though intubation eliminated the former difference. Within the EN group, ninety percent had feeds initiated within 48 hours and 94% reached full feeds within 7 days of NRS initiation, with an 8% complication and <1% aspiration rate. Reported complications did not result in escalation of respiratory support. Notably, a significant improvement in heart rate and respiratory rate was noted after feeds initiation. Taken together, our study supports the practice of early enteral nutrition in patients with critical bronchiolitis requiring non-invasive respiratory support.
Structural Brain Correlates of Cognitive Function in Schizophrenia: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Khalil Marianne , Hollander Philippine , Raucher-Chéné Delphine , Lepage Martin , Lavigne Katie M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSchizophrenia is characterized by cognitive impairments and widespread structural brain alterations (e.g., decreased volume, thickness, surface area). Brain structure-cognition associations have been extensively studied in schizophrenia, typically involving individual cognitive domains or brain regions of interest. Findings in overlapping and diffuse brain regions may point to structural alterations in large-scale brain networks. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis examining whether brain structure-cognition associations can be explained in terms of biologically meaningful brain networks. Of 7,621 screened articles, 88 were included in a series of meta-analyses assessing publication bias, heterogeneity, and study quality. Significant associations were found between overall brain structure and eight cognitive domains (speed of processing, attention/vigilance, working/verbal/visual memory, executive function, social cognition, and verbal fluency). Brain structure within functionally defined networks (default, dorsal/ventral attention, frontoparietal, limbic, somatosensory, visual) and external structures (amygdala, hippocampus and cerebellum) typically showed associations with conceptually related cognitive domains, with higher-level domains (e.g., executive function, social cognition) associated with more networks. These findings suggest brain structure- cognition associations in schizophrenia may follow network architecture.
Influenza outbreak, disease transmission rate and mortality risk in the United States (2021 to 2050 Projection)
Authors: Etaware Peter M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInfluenza and COVID-19 pandemics are among the deadliest respiratory diseases recorded in the history of humanity. Influenza infections are difficult to diagnose and nearly impossible to predict because the disease symptoms changes as the pathogen(s) evolve. The U.S. was the case study for this research (Latitude: 37.0902°N and Longitude: 95.7129°W). The principle employed in the design of the influenza forecast model was “The Integrated Independent System of Disease Prediction (IISDP)”, where the functionality of one forecast model depends on the predictive capacity of one or more forecast models. It was predicted that 49,734,427 individuals will be infected in 2021 out of the current estimation of 322,900.000 U.S. citizens (only about 1.5% of the total population). The situation was estimated by Etaware-Pred-2021 to worsen in 2050 (300,803,433 infected individuals out of the estimated 400,000,000 U.S. citizens), with a geometric increase in the ratio of infected individuals from 1.5% (in 2021) to 75.2% (in 2050), if necessary health precautions fail. unless there are potent influenza vaccines in circulation, total compliance to influenza vaccination and a high level of personal hygiene among U.S. citizens, influenza infection will become a global threat to humanity. These situations can be averted if the U.S. citizens act accordingly.
Association between Influenza-like illness and acute myocardial infarction patients: A case-control study
Authors: Shokri Mehran , Mohseni Seyed Morteza , Ganji Ghasem Faghanzadeh , Babazadeh Arefeh , Amin Kamyar , Barary Mohammad , Hasanpour Amirhossein , Esmailzadeh Malihe , Ebrahimpour Soheil 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSeasonal Influenza can cause cardiovascular complications. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate recent influenza-like illnesses (ILI) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients compared to other hospitalized patients as the control group during the cold season in the north of Iran. This retrospective case-control study included 300 patients (150 AMI patients and 150 controls) aged ≥ 50 years hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or other conditions between September 22, 2019, and March 15, 2020. Patients in each group were frequency-matched for gender and age range. The primary exposure was a recent ILI (fever ≥ 37.8°C, cough, and sore throat) in the past month. The patients’ mean age was 64.42 ± 9.47 years, with a range of 50-94 years. Forty-five (15%) patients had diseases that met the ILI criteria. The AMI group patients significantly reported more ILI than controls (adjusted OR: 3.04, 95% CI: 1.02 to 9.09, p < 0.001). On the other hand, patients who received the influenza vaccine were significantly less likely to have an acute myocardial infarction than those who did not receive the vaccine (adjusted OR: 0.02, 95% CI: 0.001 to 0.38, p = 0.006). In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that ILI can significantly increase the risk of AMI. Also, it was confirmed that Influenza vaccination could significantly reduce the risk of AMI.
Sensitive on-site detection of SARS-CoV-2 by ID NOW COVID-19
Authors: Krause Eva , Puyskens Andreas , Bourquain Daniel , Brinkmann Annika , Biere Barbara , Schaade Lars , Michel Janine , Nitsche Andreas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPoint of care detection of SARS-CoV-2 is one pillar in a containment strategy and important to break infection chains. Here we report the sensitive, specific and robust detection of SARS-CoV-2 and respective variants of concern by the ID NOW COVID-19 device.
Deep learning identifies pathological abnormalities predictive of graft loss in kidney transplant biopsies
Authors: Yi Zhengzi , Salem Fadi , Menon Madhav C , Keung Karen , Xi Caixia , Hultin Sebastian , Al Rasheed M. Rizwan Haroon , Li Li , Su Fei , Sun Zeguo , Wei Chengguo , Huang Weiqing , Fredericks Samuel , Lin Qisheng , Banu Khadija , Wong Germaine , Rogers Natasha M. , Farouk Samira , Cravedi Paolo , Shingde Meena , Smith R. Neal , Rosales Ivy A. , O’Connell Philip J. , Colvin Robert B. , Murphy Barbara , Zhang Weijia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundInterstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy, and inflammation are major contributors to renal allograft failure. Here we seek an objective, quantitative pathological assessment of these lesions to improve predictive utility.MethodsWe constructed a deep-learning-based pipeline recognizing normal vs. abnormal kidney tissue compartments and mononuclear leukocyte (MNL) infiltrates from Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stained slides of transplant biopsies (training: n=60, testing: n=33) that quantified pathological lesions specific for interstitium, tubules and MNL infiltration. The pipeline was applied to 789 whole slide images (WSI) from baseline (n=478, pre-implantation) and 12-month post-transplant (n=311) protocol biopsies in two independent cohorts (GoCAR: 404 patients, AUSCAD: 212 patients) of transplant recipients to correlate composite lesion features with graft loss.ResultsOur model accurately recognized kidney tissue compartments and MNLs. The digital features significantly correlated with Banff scores, but were more sensitive to subtle pathological changes below the thresholds in Banff scores. The Interstitial and Tubular Abnormality Score (ITAS) in baseline samples was highly predictive of 1-year graft loss (p=2.8e-05), while a Composite Damage Score (CDS) in 12-month post-transplant protocol biopsies predicted later graft loss (p=7.3e-05). ITAS and CDS outperformed Banff scores or clinical predictors with superior graft loss prediction accuracy. High/intermediate risk groups stratified by ITAS or CDS also demonstrated significantly higher incidence of eGFR decline and subsequent graft damage.ConclusionsThis deep-learning approach accurately detected and quantified pathological lesions from baseline or post-transplant biopsies, and demonstrated superior ability for prediction of posttransplant graft loss with potential application as a prevention, risk stratification or monitoring tool.
GIVE Statistic for Goodness of Fit in Instrumental Variables Models with Application to COVID Data
Authors: Dhar Subhra Sankar , Shalabh  
Published: April 2021

AbstractSince COVID-19 outbreak, scientists have been interested to know whether there is any impact of the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine against COVID-19 mortality or not. It becomes more relevant as a large population in the world may have latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), for which a person may not have active tuberculosis but persistent immune responses stimulated by Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens, and that means, both LTBI and BCG generate immunity against COVID-19. In order to understand the relationship between LTBI and COVID-19 mortality, this article proposes a measure of goodness of fit, viz.,Goodness ofInstrumentalVariableEstimates (GIVE) statistic, of a model obtained by Instrumental Variables estimation. The GIVE helps in finding the appropriate choice of instruments, which provides a better fitted model. In the course of study, the large sample properties of the GIVE statistic are investigated. As indicated before, the COVID-19 data is analysed using the GIVE statistic, and moreover, simulation studies are also conducted to show the usefulness of the GIVE statistic.
Clarivate listed nursing journals in 2020: what they publish and how they measure use of social media
Authors: Watson Roger , Younas Ahtisham , Rehman Salma Abdul , Ali Parveen Azam 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo investigate what the most common types of articles that nursing journals purport to publish are and what they actually publish? And to investigate the extent to which academic nursing journals listed by Clarivate track alternative metrics?MethodsJournals included in the nursing Journal Citation Report journal category in 2019 described as nursing were identified and considered suitable for inclusion in the analysis. Instructions for authors were reviewed online and mention of each type of article identified. The tables of contents of each issue of each journal published during 2019 was examined and the types of articles published were extracted to a spreadsheet into permitted article types and published articles. Likewise, the use of alternative metrics by each journal was extracted to a spreadsheet. Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between articles permitted and articles published.ResultsIn the 2020 Journal Citation Report, 123 journals were listed. The most common article type permitted was original research (n=117), followed by review papers (n=116) and discussion papers (n=63). Original research (n=7045); review papers (n=1268); discussion papers (n=1225); editorials (n=793) and commentaries (n=776) were the most commonly published categories of article. Of journals examined, 108 (96.8%) tracked mentions on social media and the Altmetric score was the most commonly use (75%). There was a strong correlation (r=0.73; p=0,002) between the numbers of article permitted and published and a strong correlation (rho=0.86; p<0.001) in terms of the rankings of the permitted and published articles.ConclusionsThere is a relationship between the most frequently permitted article types and those published, especially for the most frequent categories of both. Original articles, review papers and discussion papers are the backbone of academic publishing in nursing with original articles vastly outweighing review and discussion papers. Most Clarivate listed journals now use some method of tracking alternative metrics indicating how seriously publishers take their social media profiles.
Study of knowledge and practices of local anaesthetic systemic toxicity among Doctors in Sri Lanka
Authors: Munasinghe B.M. , Arambepola AG. , Subramaniam N. , Nimalan S. , Gunathilake KUIS. , Nissankaarachchi RD. , Karunathilake S K. , Jayamanne BDW. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundLocal anaesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST) could be potentially life threatening. This study focused on describing the knowledge and practices of use of local anaesthetics (LA) among the doctors in Sri Lanka and the ability to detect and manage an event of LAST.Materials and methodsA descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among doctors in Sri Lanka using an online self-administered questionnaire based on AAGBI guidelines (2010). Descriptive statistics were analyzed by cross-tabulations and presented as numbers and percentages using IBM-SPSS 25.ResultsThe response rate was 60% out of 600. Majority were males (58%) while 45% of the respondents were anesthetists. Ultrasound was used by 47.4% during LA. The majority considered total body weight for dose calculations. Around 50% of respondents identified bupivacaine as the most cardiotoxic. The majority utilized some form of monitoring and were knowledgeable on identification, prevention and initial management of LAST. Approximately 45% identified Intralipid (ILE) as the definitive treatment of LAST, out of which, 66.8% knew the correct dose and 77.2% and 26.5%, the availability and location of storage, respectively.ConclusionThe basic knowledge on LAST was satisfactory among the respondents. A statistically significant difference on knowledge on maximum safe doses of LA, ILE in established LAST, its dosage and the availability was identified between anaesthetic and non-anaesthetic doctors and post graduate trainees and the rest of the doctors. Overall, significant lapses were noted with regard to the use of total body weight for dose calculations, use of ultrasound during LA administration and dosage, availability and storage of the definitive therapy, ILE, suggesting updates in these key areas.