bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing human random-sequence generation in competitive and non-competitive environments using Lempel–Ziv complexity
Authors: Wong Alice , Merholz Garance , Maoz Uri 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe human ability for random-sequence generation (RSG) is limited but improves in a competitive game environment with feedback. However, it remains unclear how random people can be during games and whether RSG during games can improve when explicitly informing people that they must be as random as possible to win the game. Nor is it known whether any such improvement in RSG transfers outside the game environment. To investigate this, we designed a pre/post intervention paradigm around a Rock-Paper-Scissors game followed by a questionnaire. During the game, we manipulated participants’ level of awareness of the computer’s strategy; they were either (a) not informed of the computer’s algorithm or (b) explicitly informed that the computer used patterns in their choice history against them, so they must be maximally random to win. Using a compressibility metric of randomness, our results demonstrate that human RSG can reach levels statistically indistinguishable from computer pseudo-random generators in a competitive-game setting. However, our results also suggest that human RSG cannot be further improved by explicitly informing participants that they need to be random to win. In addition, the higher RSG in the game setting does not transfer outside the game environment. Furthermore, we found that the underrepresentation of long repetitions of the same entry in the series explains up to 29% of the variability in human RSG, and we discuss what might make up the variance left unexplained.
A deep learning model for classifying human facial expressions from infrared thermal images
Authors: Bhattacharyya Ankan , Chatterjee Somnath , Sen Shibaprasad , Sinitca Aleksandr , Kaplun Dmitrii , Sarkar Ram 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe analysis of human facial expressions from the thermal images captured by the Infrared Thermal Imaging (IRTI) cameras has recently gained importance compared to images captured by the standard cameras using light having a wavelength in the visible spectrum. It is because infrared cameras work well in low-light conditions and also infrared spectrum captures thermal distribution that is very useful for building systems like Robot interaction systems, quantifying the cognitive responses from facial expressions, disease control, etc. In this paper, a deep learning model calledIRFacExNet(InfraRedFacialExpressionNetwork) has been proposed for facial expression recognition (FER) from infrared images. It utilizes two building blocks namely Residual unit and Transformation unit which extract dominant features from the input images specific to the expressions. The extracted features help to detect the emotion of the subjects in consideration accurately. The Snapshot ensemble technique is adopted with a Cosine annealing learning rate scheduler to improve the overall performance. The performance of the proposed model has been evaluated on a publicly available dataset, namelyIRDatabasedeveloped by RWTH Aachen University. The facial expressions present in the dataset are Fear, Anger, Contempt, Disgust, Happy, Neutral, Sad, and Surprise. The proposed model produces 88.43% recognition accuracy, better than some state-of-the-art methods considered here for comparison. Our model provides a robust framework for the detection of accurate expression in the absence of visible light.
Multiomics analysis of serial PARP inhibitor treated metastatic TNBC inform on rational combination therapies
Authors: Labrie Marilyne , Li Allen , Creason Allison , Betts Courtney , Keck Jamie , Johnson Brett , Sivagnanam Shamilene , Boniface Christopher , Ma Hongli , Blucher Aurora , Chang Young Hwan , Chin Koei , Vuky Jacqueline , Guimaraes Alexander R. , Downey Molly , Lim Jeong Youn , Gao Lina , Siex Kiara , Parmar Swapnil , Kolodzie Annette , Spellman Paul T. , Goecks Jeremy , Coussens Lisa M. , Corless Christopher L. , Bergan Raymond , Gray Joe W. , Mills Gordon B. , Mitri Zahi I. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn a pilot study, we evaluated the feasibility of real-time deep analysis of serial tumor samples from triple negative breast cancer patients to identify mechanisms of resistance and treatment opportunities as they emerge under therapeutic stress engendered by poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi). In a BRCA-mutant basal breast cancer exceptional long-term survivor, a striking tumor destruction was accompanied by a marked infiltration of immune cells containing CD8 effector cells, consistent with pre-clinical evidence for association between STING mediated immune activation and benefit from PARPi and immunotherapy. Tumor cells in the exceptional responder underwent extensive protein network rewiring in response to PARP inhibition. In contrast, there were minimal changes in the ecosystem of a luminal androgen receptor rapid progressor, likely due to indifference to the effects of PARP inhibition. Together, identification of PARPi-induced emergent changes could be used to select patient specific combination therapies, based on tumor and immune state changes.
Specific osteogenesis imperfecta-related Gly substitutions in type I collagen induce distinct structural, mechanical, and dynamic characteristics
Authors: Shi Haoyuan , Zhao Liming , Zhai Chenxi , Yeo Jingjie 
Published: October 2021

Gly mutations in the 1022nd site led to increased stable short β-structures with new H-bonds, thereby stiffness, whereas mutations in the 1025th site disrupted and decreased existing H-bonds, leading to more intensive fluctuations.
A diamagnetic iron complex and its twisted sister – structural evidence on partial spin state change in a crystalline iron complex
Authors: Salojärvi Esko , Peuronen Anssi , Moilanen Jani , Huhtinen Hannu , Lindén Johan , Mansikkamäki Akseli , Lastusaari Mika , Lehtonen Ari 
Published: October 2021

Diamagnetic Fe complex was made of a redox non-innocent ligand precursor N,N′-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-1,2-phenylene-diamine and FeCl3. Its phenoxazine derivative was obtained via intra-ligand cyclisation of the parent complex.
Multifunctional assistant acceptor modulated pyrenyl phenanthrimidazole derivatives for highly efficient blue and host-sensitized OLEDs
Authors: Jayabharathi Jayaraman , Anudeebhana Jagathratchagan , Thanikachalam Venugopal , Sivaraj Sekar 
Published: October 2021

We have designed blue emitters PPINCN, PPINCN-TPE and PPINCN-Cz with orthogonal D–A structure to harvest maximum exciton efficiency (EUE) through reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) with hot exciton mechanism.
Spheroidal magnetic stars rotating in vacuum
Authors: Pétri J. 
Published: October 2021

Context. Gravity shapes stars to become almost spherical because of the isotropic nature of gravitational attraction in Newton’s theory. However, several mechanisms break this isotropy, such as their rotation generating a centrifugal force, magnetic pressure, or anisotropic equations of state. The stellar surface therefore slightly or significantly deviates from a sphere depending on the strength of these anisotropic perturbations.
Aims. In this paper, we compute analytical and numerical solutions of the electromagnetic field produced by a rotating spheroidal star of oblate or prolate nature. This study is particularly relevant for millisecond pulsars for which strong deformations are produced by rotation or a strong magnetic field, leading to indirect observational signatures of the polar cap thermal X-ray emission.
Methods. First we solve the time harmonic Maxwell equations in vacuum by using oblate and prolate spheroidal coordinates adapted to the stellar boundary conditions. The solutions are expanded in series of radial and angular spheroidal wave functions. Particular emphasis is put on the magnetic dipole radiation. Second, we compute approximate solutions by integrating the time-dependent Maxwell equations in spheroidal coordinates numerically.
Results. We show that the spin-down luminosity corrections compared to a perfect sphere are, to leading order, given by terms involving (a/rL)2 and (a/R)2 where a is the stellar oblateness or prolateness, R the smallest star radius, and rL the light-cylinder radius. The corresponding perturbations in the electromagnetic field are only perceptible close to the surface, deforming the polar cap rims. At large distances r ≫ a, the solution tends asymptotically to the perfect spherical case of a rotating dipole.
B-Vitamine in der Geriatrie – was bestimmen, was ersetzen?
Authors: Djukic Marija , von Arnim Christine A. F. 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungEin Vitamin-B1-Mangel kann sich als Wernicke-Enzephalopathie oder als Beriberi manifestieren. Geriatrische Patienten mit den Diagnosen Demenz oder Delir haben niedrigere Vitamin-B1-Spiegel als solche ohne diese Diagnosen. Ebenso zeigen sich bei geriatrischen Patienten mit höherem Vitamin-B1-Spiegel bessere Ergebnisse in der Funktionalität (Barthel-Index) bei Entlassung. Vitamin B6 ist an über 100 Reaktionen als Koenzym beteiligt und ein Mangel kann daher mit vielen Symptomen einhergehen. Klinische Manifestationen des Vitamin-B12-Mangels reichen von frühen neuropsychiatrischen bis zu hämatologischen Symptomen, wobei die makrozytäre Anämie als später Indikator eines Vitamin-B12-Mangels gilt. Neurologische Symptome treten sehr häufig schon vor oder ohne hämatologische Manifestationen auf. Die Bestimmung des Vitamin-B1-Spiegels im Blut ist wenig aussagekräftig. Die Wernicke-Enzephalopathie ist eine klinische Diagnose. Zur Diagnose eines Vitamin-B6-Mangels wird die Bestimmung von Pyridoxin (Pyridoxal-5′-Phosphat) im Plasma empfohlen. Ein erniedrigter Holo-TC-Spiegel im Serum gilt als frühester Marker eines Vitamin-B12-Mangels. Eine kombinierte Bestimmung von Vitamin B12, Holo-TC, MMA und Homozystein scheint die diagnostische Zuverlässigkeit bei Vitamin-B12-Mangel zu erhöhen. Für Empfehlungen zur Substitutionstherapie bei allen B-Vitaminen liegen kaum bzw. keine evidenzbasierten Daten vor. Durch die Substitution von 0,8 mg Folsäure, 0,5 mg Vitamin B12 und 20 mg Vitamin B6 konnte in einer randomisierten kontrollierten Studie bei Patienten mit einer leichten kognitiven Störung eine Verlangsamung der Hirnatrophie bewirkt werden.
Evaluierung prognostischer Indikatoren der klinischen Untersuchung sowie eines Scoringsystems für Kolikerkrankungen beim Pferd
Authors: Büttner Jasmin , Brehm Walter , Gittel Claudia 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungGegenstand und Ziel Kolikerkrankungen beim Pferd sind mit einer relativ hohen Mortalitätsrate verbunden. Einige Parameter der klinischen Untersuchung können auf einen negativen Ausgang hindeuten. Die Studie untersuchte, inwiefern eine frühzeitige Vorhersage einer eindeutigen Prognose hinsichtlich des Überlebens des Patienten möglich ist.Material und Methoden In einer retrospektiven Studie (2013–2017) wurden Ergebnisse der klinischen Untersuchung von Kolikpatienten analysiert und deskriptiv ausgewertet. Untersuchte Parameter wurden entsprechend ihrer Ausprägung in physiologische und pathologische Stufen kategorisiert. Mithilfe von Odds Ratios wurde das Risiko zu versterben im Vergleich zur physiologischen Parameterkategorie untersucht. Die durch Summation einzelner Parameterwerte ermittelten individuellen Gesamtpunktzahlen wurden in Relation zum Ausgang der Erkrankung betrachtet und hinsichtlich eines Schwellenwerts in Bezug auf Prognose und Therapieform untersucht.Ergebnisse Die Auswertung umfasste 492 Fälle von Kolikerkrankungen. 433 Pferde (88 %) konnten als geheilt entlassen werden. Insgesamt wurden 346 Pferde (70,3 %) konservativ behandelt (96 % überlebend) und 146 Pferde (29,7 %) wurden laparotomiert (69,2 % überlebend). Ein erhöhtes Risiko zu versterben zeigte sich u. a. bei einer Kolikdauer > 6 Stunden (OR = 3,590, p = 0,035), einem Alter von > 20 Jahren (OR = 5,498, p < 0,0005) und einer Zugehörigkeit zur Rassegruppe Kaltblut (OR = 8,364, p < 0,0005). Häufiger verstarben auch Patienten mit einer deutlich erhöhten Herz- bzw. Atemfrequenz (OR = 24,294, p < 0,0005 bzw. OR = 20,375, p < 0,0005) oder einer gesteigerten Blutlaktatkonzentration (> 90 mg/dl; OR = 26,390, p < 0,0005). Mit dem Punktesystem ließ sich nicht eindeutig ein signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen höherer Gesamtpunktzahl und schlechterer Prognose nachweisen.Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz Parameter der klinischen Untersuchung sowie anamnestische Angaben können einen Hinweis für die Prognose des vorgestellten Kolikpatienten liefern. Eine eindeutige Klassifizierung hinsichtlich Überleben oder Therapieoption ist jedoch nicht möglich. Eine gründliche Patientenevaluation ist notwendig, um die weitere Therapie auszuwählen und die Prognose bewerten zu können.
6-Amino-3-Methyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-Dihydropyrano[2,3-c]Pyrazole-5-Carbonitrile Shows Antihypertensive and Vasorelaxant Action via Calcium Channel Blockade
Authors: Estrada-Soto Samuel , Rendón-Vallejo Priscila , Villalobos-Molina Rafael , Millán-Pacheco César , Vázquez MiguelA. , Hernández-Borja Fernando , Hernández-Núñez Emanuel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSeveral 4H-pyran derivatives were designed and synthesized previously as vasorelaxant agents for potential antihypertensive drugs. In this context, the objective of the present investigation was to determine the functional mechanism of vasorelaxant action of 6-amino-3-methyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile (1) and its in vivo antihypertensive effect. Thus, compound 1 showed significant vasorelaxant action on isolated aorta rat rings pre-contracted with serotonin or noradrenaline, and the effect was not endothelium-dependent. Compound 1 induced a significant relaxant effect when aortic rings were contracted with KCl (80 mM), indicating that the main mechanism of action is related to L-type calcium channel blockade. Last was corroborated since compound 1 induced a significant concentration-dependent lowering of contraction provoked by cumulative CaCl2 adding. Moreover, compound 1 was capable to block the contraction induced by FPL 64176, a specific L-type calcium channel agonist, in a concentration-dependent manner. On the other hand, docking studies revealed that compound 1 interacts on two possible sites of the L-type calcium channel and it had better affinity energy (−7.80+/−0.00 kcal/mol on the best poses) than nifedipine (−6.86+/−0.14 kcal/mol). Finally, compound 1 (50 mg/kg) showed significant antihypertensive activity, lowering the systolic and diastolic blood pressure on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) without modifying heart rate.
Pro Endo: No Need for Open Any More ... Surveillance is All Important
Authors: Mylonas Spyridon , Behrens Amelie , Dorweiler Bernhard 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungSeit dem ersten Bericht im Jahr 1991 hat sich die endovaskuläre Aneurysmareparatur (EVAR)
von abdominellen Aortenaneurysmen (BAAs) zu einer etablierten und bevorzugten
Behandlungsmethode bei vielen Patienten entwickelt. Mehrere randomisierte kontrollierte
Studien zum Vergleich von EVAR und offener Rekonstruktion haben einen frühen
Überlebensvorteil, eine niedrigere perioperative Morbidität und einen kürzeren
Krankenhausaufenthalt mit EVAR gezeigt. Infolgedessen ist EVAR in den meisten Gefäßzentren die
häufigste Methode zur elektiven Reparatur von BAAs geworden. Trotz der verbreiteten Anwendung
gibt es noch immer Untergruppen des Patientenkollektivs, bei denen der Nutzen von EVAR nicht
eindeutig nachgewiesen wurde. Die in diesem Zusammenhang am häufigsten diskutierten
Untergruppe ist der Patient mit wenigen Risikofaktoren, wegen Bedenken hinsichtlich der
Dauerhaftigkeit der Methode und dem Bedarf von Reinterventionen. EVAR kann bei diesen jüngeren
Patienten Haltbarkeit und Langzeitüberleben ähnlich denen mit offener Reparatur bieten,
solange die Anatomie des Aneurysmas berücksichtigt und die Gebrauchsanweisung eingehalten
werden. Die Evidenz über die Auswirkungen der Nachkontrollen auf die Überlebensrate der
Patienten aktuell ist umstritten Mit zunehmendem Wissen über das Verhalten von Endoprothesen
und Faktoren, welche die Komplikationen des Endografts beeinflussen, kam es zu Veränderungen
in der Nachsorge. Eine eher patientenspezifische Nachsorge und weniger die Einhaltung eines
rigorosen Nachsorgeschemas ist gefordert.
Acid-Catalyzed Intramolecular Ring-Opening Reactions of Cyclopropanated Oxabenzonorbornadienes with Carboxylic Acid Nucleophiles
Authors: Tam William , Ho Angel , Pounder Austin , Koh Samuel , Macleod Matthew P. , Carlson Emily 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe present work demonstrates the ability of carboxylic acid tethered cyclopropanated oxabenzonorbornadienes (CPOBDs) to undergo ring-opening reactions in mild acidic conditions. The optimized reaction conditions involve the use of pTsOH in DCE at 90 °C. Two regioisomers are formed but the reactions are highly regioselective towards type 3 ring-opened products. It was observed that substitution at the C5 and aryl positions of CPOBD significantly hinders the ring-opening reactions leading to decreased yields of ring-opened products, although high regioselectivity for the Type 3 ring-opened products is still maintained. Herein, the first examples of acid-catalyzed intramolecular ring-opening reactions of CPOBD with carboxylic acid nucleophiles are reported.
Reconstruction of Axillary Defect due to Necrotizing Fasciitis and Debridement Using a Free-Flap Transfer: A Report of Three Cases
Authors: Ogawa Haruo , Nakayama Haruki , Nakayama Shinichi , Tahara Shinya 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background Necrotizing fasciitis is a well-known disease that causes extensive tissue infection and requires radical debridement of the infected tissue. It can occur in all parts of the body, but there are few reports of necrotizing fasciitis in the axilla. We treated three patients with axillary necrotizing fasciitis.
Methods In all cases, patients were referred to us after radical debridement of the infected soft tissue in the emergency department. At the first visit to our department, there were fist-sized soft tissue defects in the axilla. Moreover, the ipsilateral pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscles were partially resected because of the debridement of necrotizing fasciitis. In all cases, the ipsilateral thoracodorsal vessels were severely damaged and free-flap transfer was performed to close the axillary wound.
Results All free flaps survived without complications. The patient's range of motion for shoulder abduction on the affected side was maintained postoperatively.
Conclusion If necrotizing fasciitis occurs in the axilla, tissue infection can spread beyond it. In such a case, free-flap transfer can be an optimal treatment. Radical resection of the infected tissue results in the absence of recipient vessels in the axilla. Surgeons should bear in mind that, because of radical resection of the infected tissue, they may need to seek recipient vessels for free-flap transfer far from the axilla.
Provider Perspectives on the Acceptability, Appropriateness, and Feasibility of Teleneonatology
Authors: Fang Jennifer L. , Umoren Rachel , Whyte Hilary , Limjoco Jamie , Makkar Abhishek , Yankanah Rosanna , McCoy Mike , Lo Mark D. , Colby Christopher E. , Herrin Jeph , Jacobson Robert M. , Demaerschalk Bart M. 
Published: October 2021

Objective We aimed to measure provider perspectives on the acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of teleneonatology in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and community hospitals.
Study Design Providers from five academic tertiary NICUs and 27 community hospitals were surveyed using validated implementation measures to assess the acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of teleneonatology. For each of the 12 statements, scale values ranged from 1 to 5 (1 = strongly disagree; 5 = strongly agree), with higher scores indicating greater positive perceptions. Survey results were summarized, and differences across respondents assessed using generalized linear models.
Results The survey response rate was 56% (203/365). Respondents found teleneonatology to be acceptable, appropriate, and feasible. The percent of respondents who agreed with each of the twelve statements ranged from 88.6 to 99.0%, with mean scores of 4.4 to 4.7 and median scores of 4.0 to 5.0. There was no difference in the acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of teleneonatology when analyzed by professional role, years of experience in neonatal care, or years of teleneonatology experience. Respondents from Level I well newborn nurseries had greater positive perceptions of teleneonatology than those from Level II special care nurseries.
Conclusion Providers in tertiary NICUs and community hospitals perceive teleneonatology to be highly acceptable, appropriate, and feasible for their practices. The wide acceptance by providers of all roles and levels of experience likely demonstrates a broad receptiveness to telemedicine as a tool to deliver neonatal care, particularly in rural communities where specialists are unavailable.
Key Points
Collaboration in the time of COVID: a scientometric analysis of multidisciplinary SARS-CoV-2 research
Authors: Cunningham Eoghan , Smyth Barry , Greene Derek 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and the COVID-19 illness it causes have inspired unprecedented levels of multidisciplinary research in an effort to address a generational public health challenge. In this work we conduct a scientometric analysis of COVID-19 research, paying particular attention to the nature of collaboration that this pandemic has fostered among different disciplines. Increased multidisciplinary collaboration has been shown to produce greater scientific impact, albeit with higher co-ordination costs. As such, we consider a collection of over 166,000 COVID-19-related articles to assess the scale and diversity of collaboration in COVID-19 research, which we compare to non-COVID-19 controls before and during the pandemic. We show that COVID-19 research teams are not only significantly smaller than their non-COVID-19 counterparts, but they are also more diverse. Furthermore, we find that COVID-19 research has increased the multidisciplinarity of authors across most scientific fields of study, indicating that COVID-19 has helped to remove some of the barriers that usually exist between disparate disciplines. Finally, we highlight a number of interesting areas of multidisciplinary research during COVID-19, and propose methodologies for visualising the nature of multidisciplinary collaboration, which may have application beyond this pandemic.