bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiorespiratory findings in epilepsy: A recent review on outcomes and pathophysiology
Authors: Akyüz Enes , Üner Arda Kaan , Köklü Betül , Arulsamy Alina , Shaikh Mohd. Farooq 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEpilepsy is a debilitating disorder of uncontrollable recurrent seizures that occurs as a result of imbalances in the brain excitatory and inhibitory neuronal signals, that could stem from a range of functional and structural neuronal impairments. Globally, nearly 70 million people are negatively impacted by epilepsy and its comorbidities. One such comorbidity is the effect epilepsy has on the autonomic nervous system (ANS), which plays a role in the control of blood circulation, respiration and gastrointestinal function. These epilepsy‐induced impairments in the circulatory and respiratory systems may contribute toward sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Although, various hypotheses have been proposed regarding the role of epilepsy on ANS, the linking pathological mechanism still remains unclear. Channelopathies and seizure‐induced damages in ANS‐control brain structures were some of the causal/pathological candidates of cardiorespiratory comorbidities in epilepsy patients, especially in those who were drug resistant. However, emerging preclinical research suggest that neurotransmitter/receptor dysfunction and synaptic changes in the ANS may also contribute to the epilepsy‐related autonomic disorders. Thus, pathological mechanisms of cardiorespiratory dysfunction should be elucidated by considering the modifications in anatomy and physiology of the autonomic system caused by seizures. In this regard, we present a comprehensive review of the current literature, both clinical and preclinical animal studies, on the cardiorespiratory findings in epilepsy and elucidate the possible pathological mechanisms of these findings, in hopes to prevent SUDEP especially in patients who are drug resistant.
Folate metabolic profiling and expression of folate metabolism‐related genes during panicle development in foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv)
Authors: Hou Siyu , Man Xiaxia , Lian Boying , Ma Guifang , Sun Zhaoxia , Han Lida , Yan Lufei , Gao Hao , Du Wei , Wang Xinfang , Zhang Yijuan , Li Hongying , Han Yuanhuai 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDFoxtail millet grain has higher folate content than other cereal crops. However, the folate metabolite content and the expression patterns of folate metabolite‐related genes are unknown.RESULTSLiquid chromatography–mass spectrometry was used to investigate 12 folate metabolites in a foxtail millet panicle. The content of total folate and derivatives gradually decreased during panicle development. Polyglutamate 5‐formyl‐tetrahydrofolate was the major form. Twenty‐eight genes involved in the folate metabolic pathway were identified through bioinformatic analysis. These genes in Setaria italica, S. viridis and Zea mays showed genomic collinearity. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the folate‐related genes were closely related among the C4 plants compared to C3 plants. The gene expressions were then studied at three panicle development stages. The gene expression patterns were classified into two groups, namely SiADCL1 and SiGGH as two key enzymes, which are responsible for folate synthesis and degradation; their expression levels were highest at the early panicle development stage, up to 179.11‐ and 163.88‐fold, respectively. Their expression levels had a similar downward trend during panicle development and were significantly positively correlated with the concentration of total folate and folate derivatives. However, SiSHMT3 expression levels were significantly negatively correlated with total folate concentration.CONCLUSIONBesides being the major determinants of folate and folate derivatives accumulation, SiADCL1 and SiGGH expression levels are key limiting factors in the foxtail millet panicle. Therefore, SiADCL1 and SiGGH expression levels can be targeted in genetic modification studies to improve folate content in foxtail millet seeds in the future. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
The Surgical Treatment of Peritonsillar Abscess: A Retrospective Analysis in 584 Patients
Authors: Hahn Janina , Barth Ina , Wigand Marlene C. , Mayer Benjamin , Hoffmann Thomas K. , Greve Jens 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesThere are three surgical treatment options for patients with peritonsillar abscess (PTA): needle aspiration, incision and drainage (ID), and abscess tonsillectomy (ATE). The updated German national guideline (2015) included changes in the treatment of PTA. The indication for tonsillectomy (TE) in patients became more stringent and preference was given to ID in certain cases.Study DesignRetrospective analysis.MethodsWe performed a retrospective systematic analysis of patient data using the in‐house electronic patient records and considered a 4‐year period from 2014 to 2017. About 584 patients were identified. Our aim was to analyze the influence of the updated guideline on clinical practice.Results236 of 584 patients (40.4%) underwent ATE with contralateral TE. In 225 patients (38.5%), unilateral ATE was performed. Mean surgery time was significantly shortened when only unilateral ATE was performed. Concerning postoperative bleeding, we noted a tendency toward a lower incidence after ATE in comparison to ATE with contralateral TE. Less than 1% of patients who underwent ATE had to be revised surgically due to postoperative hemorrhage. After the revision of the guideline, unilateral ATE and ID were conducted more frequently.ConclusionThese results support that ATE in an inpatient setting is a considerably safe and effective primary therapeutic option. ID represents a favorable treatment option for patients with PTA and comorbidities, nevertheless, patient compliance is required and insufficient drainage or recurrence of PTA may occur. The revision of the guideline had a significant impact on the choice of interventions (P < .001), which is reflected by the increased number of unilateral ATE.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:2706–2712, 2021
The use of mass spectrometry in a proteome‐centered multiomics study of human pituitary adenomas
Authors: Li Na , Desiderio Dominic M. , Zhan Xianquan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA pituitary adenoma (PA) is a common intracranial neoplasm, and is a complex, chronic, and whole‐body disease with multicausing factors, multiprocesses, and multiconsequences. It is very difficult to clarify molecular mechanism and treat PAs from the single‐factor strategy model. The rapid development of multiomics and systems biology changed the paradigms from a traditional single‐factor strategy to a multiparameter systematic strategy for effective management of PAs. A series of molecular alterations at the genome, transcriptome, proteome, peptidome, metabolome, and radiome levels are involved in pituitary tumorigenesis, and mutually associate into a complex molecular network system. Also, the center of multiomics is moving from structural genomics to phenomics, including proteomics and metabolomics in the medical sciences. Mass spectrometry (MS) has been extensively used in phenomics studies of human PAs to clarify molecular mechanisms, and to discover biomarkers and therapeutic targets/drugs. MS‐based proteomics and proteoform studies play central roles in the multiomics strategy of PAs. This article reviews the status of multiomics, multiomics‐based molecular pathway networks, molecular pathway network‐based pattern biomarkers and therapeutic targets/drugs, and future perspectives for personalized, predeictive, and preventive (3P) medicine in PAs.
Effect of Vitamin B2‐Deficient Diet on Hydroxyproline‐ or Obesity‐Induced Hyperoxaluria in Mice
Authors: Uebanso Takashi , Suyama Mai , Shimohata Takaaki , Mawatari Kazuaki , Takahashi Akira 
Published: June 2021

ScopeHyperoxaluria is a major cause of kidney stone disease. Around half of the oxalate in mammals is supplied from the diet and the other half is endogenously synthesized from glyoxylate. Reduction of hepatic glycolate oxidase (GO) activity is one approach to reduce endogenous production of oxalate. However, there are currently few effective dietary approaches to reduce hepatic GO activity.Methods and ResultsIn the present study, it is investigated whether restriction of dietary vitamin B2 (VB2) can reduce hepatic GO activity and oxalate excretion in mice with hyperoxaluria induce by hydroxyproline (Hyp) or obesity. It is found that VB2 restriction significantly reduces hepatic GO activity in both the Hyp‐ and obesity‐induced model of hyperoxaluria in mice. However, VB2 restriction reduces urinary oxalate excretion only in the Hyp‐treated mice and not the obese mice. This difference could be due to the contribution of endogenous oxalate production that manifests as increased hepatic GO activity in Hyp‐treated mice but not obese mice.ConclusionTogether these results suggest that VB2 restriction could be a new dietary approach to improve hyperoxaluria when endogenous production of oxalate is increased.
Internal migrants' charitable giving to hometowns in China: The effect of community embeddedness
Authors: Zhang Dong , Yang Yongjiao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCharitable giving from rural–urban migrants to their hometowns would help reverse ‘rural decline’ in China. Drawing on data from the 2018 China Labor‐force Dynamics Survey, this study discusses the relationship between migrants' structural embeddedness with their hometowns and their giving to public causes there. As the findings show, the deeper embedded the migrants, the more likely they were to donate. Social status compensation and moral constraint, as identified in previous studies, were confirmed in this research as the key drivers of migrant giving. Interestingly, this study found that the lower the degree of hometown embeddedness, the stronger the social status compensation effect, whereas the effect of moral constraint was powerful merely for those highly embedded with hometowns. These findings were also applicable to migrants with diverse types of embeddedness overall. This study contributes to the field of population research by adopting the structural perspective of spatial relationships regarding migrants' behaviours based on the theory of field and embeddedness. It has important implications for rural revitalisation in China as well as for philanthropy study worldwide.
Effects of purslane supplementation on C‐reactive protein levels and biomarkers of oxidative stress as marks for metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhu Ying , Huang Yubing , Santos Heitor O. , de Oliveira Caio V. C. , Zhou Hui , Tang Nie 
Published: June 2021

The antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) are known in preclinical studies but further examination is needed to expand their potential into the clinical scenario. A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials were performed to elucidate the effects of purslane supplementation on C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels and biomarkers of oxidative stress in metabolic syndrome, its related complications, and other diseases. PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Embase were the databases searched. Heterogeneity was examined using the I‐squared (I2) statistic, in which the source of heterogeneity was determined if the I2‐value was >50%. After all the screening processes, 10 studies met the eligibility criteria and were analyzed. Following purslane supplementation, CRP levels decreased significantly (weighted mean difference [WMD]: −0.33 mg/dl, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.66, −0.004, p = .047) but with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 87.4%, p = .001). Purslane supplementation did not significantly change serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) (WMD: −0.353 μm/L; 95% CI: −0.920, 0.213; I2 = 50.7%), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (WMD: 0.090 mm/L, 95% CI: −0.081, 0.262; I2 = 47.1%), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (WMD: 6.54 U/ml, 95% CI: −22.150, 35.236; I2 = 70.7%). Thus, this meta‐analysis showed a positive effect of purslane supplementation as a tool to decrease CRP levels, but not to MDA, TAC, and SOD levels.
Application of a new computer‐assisted robotic visualization system in cochlear implantation—Proof of concept
Authors: Riepl Ricarda , Greve Jens , Schild Leon R. , Böhm Felix , Goldberg‐Bockhorn Eva , Hoffmann Thomas K. , Schuler Patrick J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundOver the last decades conventional cochlear implant (CI) surgery has remained essentially unchanged. Nevertheless, alternative implantation techniques to further improve patient outcomes such as endaural implantation or robot‐assisted surgery have been proposed in recent years. However, none of these have gained acceptance in clinical routine, thus confirming a demand for new developments.MethodsCochlear implant surgery was performed in two mastoid bones obtained from body donors using a novel hands‐free exoscope. Advantages and disadvantages of the system were evaluated.ResultsIn all cases, implantation of the electrode was feasible. The system allowed for hands‐free movement and adjustment of the exoscope by the head‐mounted display. Network connectivity of the system leaves room for improvement.ConclusionThe RoboticScope is an innovative tool and can be used supportively in conventional CI surgery in the experimental setting. Although operating the device requires a certain learning curve, the usability is intuitive for every ear surgeon.
Optimizing number of spots and cluster size of a high‐throughput communication satellite payload
Authors: Sharifi‐Moghaddam Elham , Ahmadi Arash 
Published: June 2021

SummaryIn this paper, the number of spots and cluster size of a high‐throughput satellite (HTS) is optimized by minimizing the satellite mass in the conceptual design phase. An innovative procedure for deriving the total mass of the payload and relevant power supply subsystem as a function of the number of spots and cluster size is presented. For estimating the size and electrical power consumption, the general block diagram of an HTS payload is planned. A direct radiating phased array as the multiple‐beam antenna is used, and its synthesis technique is described briefly. Accordingly, the number of subarrays and elements in each subarray as functions of the number of spots are derived in the presence of orthogonal beams while neglecting the grating lobes. A block diagram for the new generation HTS payloads with digital signal processors for beam forming and data regeneration is presented. The procedure for determining the number of spots and cluster size is extended to the new generation very HTSs with 100 s Gbps link capacity. Conceptual design examples of HTSs with microwave beam forming network and transparent transponder in C‐band, Ka‐band, and for very HTSs with digital beam forming network and regenerative transponder in Ka‐band are provided.
Examination of mechanical properties and microstructure of alkali activated slag and slag‐metakaolin blends exposed to high temperatures
Authors: Akçaözoğlu Semiha , Çiflikli Murat , Bozkaya Ömer , Atiş Cengiz Duran , Ulu Cüneyt 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper reports an experimental study of the influence of elevated temperature on alkali activated slag (AAS) and slag‐metakaolin (MK) systems. The residual compressive and flexural tensile strengths, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) and porosity and water absorption ratios of AAS and AAS‐MK composites after subjected to elevated temperatures of 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000°C were investigated. Two different procedures were applied for cooling the specimens. The changes in the microstructure of the composites after subjected to high temperature were examined with scanning electron microscope and X‐ray diffraction. Test results reveal that depending on the increasing temperature, the residual compressive strength, flexural tensile strength, and UPV values of the specimens decreased, and porosity and water absorption ratios increased. The minimum strength results of AAS and AAS‐MK specimens were observed at 800 and 600°C, respectively. In particular, there have been significant changes in the internal structure of AAS and AAS‐MK specimens exposed to 1000°C and new reaction products were observed. Test results have shown that AAS specimens are a new alternative that can be developed for use in environments exposed to high temperatures. Since this new composite contains only slag binder and slag aggregate, it can be an economical product that use fully recycled material and these properties can increase the application areas of environmentally friendly material.
Antiviral treatment associated with reduced risk of clinical Alzheimer's disease—A nested case‐control study
Authors: Hemmingsson Eva‐Stina , Hjelmare Ellen , Weidung Bodil , Olsson Jan , Josefsson Maria , Adolfsson Rolf , Nyberg Lars , Elgh Fredrik , Lövheim Hugo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionIn this nested case‐control study, we investigated if antiviral treatment given prior to onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) could influence incident AD.MethodsFrom a large population‐based cohort study in northern Sweden, 262 individuals that later developed AD were compared to a non‐AD matched control group with respect to prescriptions of herpes antiviral treatment. All included subjects were herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1) carriers and the matching criteria were age, sex, apolipoprotein E genotype (ε4 allele carriership), and study sample start year.ResultsAmong those who developed AD, 6 prescriptions of antivirals were found, compared to 20 among matched controls. Adjusted for length of follow‐up, a conditional logistic regression indicated a difference in the risk for AD development between groups (odds ratio for AD with an antiviral prescription 0.287,P = .018).DiscussionAntiviral treatment might possibly reduce the risk for later development of HSV1‐associated AD.
Double field theory and geometric quantisation
Authors: Alfonsi Luigi , Berman David S. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We examine various properties of double field theory and the doubled string sigma model in the context of geometric quantisation. In particular we look at T-duality as the symplectic transformation related to an alternative choice of polarisation in the construction of the quantum bundle for the string. Following this perspective we adopt a variety of techniques from geometric quantisation to study the doubled space. One application is the construction of the “double coherent state” that provides the shortest distance in any duality frame and a “stringy deformed” Fourier transform.
Methodological Notes on Modelling Reconstructions After Literary Architecture
Authors: Colonnese Fabio 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe manifold relationships between text and image are investigated by analysing attempts at a three-dimensional reconstruction of the Palace of Love and Venus described in Giovan Battista Marino’s Adonis. From text analysis and iconographical precedents to free-hand sketching and three-dimensional modelling, the article describes the progressive translation of some verses of the poem into a consistent system of drawings and models, which, besides revealing some hidden features of text, addresses the implicit limits of the ineffable quality of Marino’s literary space.
Survival on railway tracks of Geranium robertianum—a glyphosate-tolerant plant
Authors: Bemowska-Kałabun Olga , Bogucka Agnieszka , Wiłkomirski Bogusław , Wierzbicka Małgorzata 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGeranium robertianum is a herbaceous plant that prefers shady and fertile forest habitats. However, it also occurs on railway tracks, where there are difficult conditions for plant growth and regular herbicide spraying (in high concentrations, twice a year). One of the most commonly used herbicides in railway areas is glyphosate. The effect of the glyphosate on the G. robertianum plants found on railway tracks and in nearby forests in north-eastern Poland was checked. The aim of the study was to explain how G. robertianum can survive on railway tracks despite spraying with the glyphosate. Increased tolerance to the glyphosate of the G. robertianum plants from track populations was demonstrated compared to the plants from forest populations that had not previously been in contact with the herbicide. After 35 days after treatment with the herbicide, 75% of the plants from the observed forest populations withered, while only 38% did from the track populations. Ultrastructure of plant leaf cells from forest populations was strongly disturbed, which was not observed in plants from track populations. It was also shown that plants from track populations accumulated more glyphosate and AMPA in their tissues than plants from forest populations. The obtained results indicate that long-term use of herbicides may cause formation of biotypes of plants resistant to a given herbicide. This fact explains the possibility of G. robertianum occurring on railway tracks, despite spraying with the glyphosate. It is also a manifestation of microevolutionary processes.
The glutathione S-transferase (PxGST2L) may contribute to the detoxification metabolism of chlorantraniliprole in Plutella xylostella(L.)
Authors: Yin Fei , Lin Qingsheng , Wang Xiaoxiang , Li Zhenyu , Feng Xia , Shabbir Muhammad Zeeshan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.), is an economic pest of cruciferous plants worldwide, which causes great economic loss to cruciferous plants production. However, the pest has developed resistance to insecticides. One of such insecticides is chlorantraniliprole. The study of the mechanisms underlying resistance is key for the effective management of resistance. In this study, a comparative proteomics approach was used to isolate and identify various proteins that differed between chlorantraniliprole-susceptible and -resistant strains of P. xylostella. Eleven proteins were significantly different and were successfully identified by MALDI-TOF-MS. Metabolism-related proteins accounted for the highest proportion among the eleven different proteins. The function of the PxGST2L protein was validated by RNAi. Knockdown of PxGST2L reduced the GST activity and increased the toxicity of chlorantraniliprole to the diamondback moth. The resistance ratio of diamondback moth to chlorantraniliprole was reduced from 1029 to 505. The results indicated that PxGST2L is partly responsible for chlorantraniliprole insecticide resistance in DBM. Our finding contributes to the understanding of the mechanism underlying resistance to chlorantraniliprole in the DBM, to develop effective resistance management tactics.