bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On another apparent violation of the subject-island constraint in French
Authors: Mensching Guido , Werner Franziska 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter addresses extractions of wh-marked complements of nouns out of French subject DPs into direct interrogatives – an apparent violation of the subject island constraint. We explain why some speakers of French can extract such constituents into interrogatives with complex inversion, whereas the grammaticality of other interrogative structures is clearly degraded. Our formal analysis is based on the Minimalist Program and assumes that material extracted from DPs has to pass through the DP phase-edge. In complex inversion, a structure in which the subject itself needs to move to the CP, the reordered subject DP (with the complement of N at the DP phase-edge) moves as a whole, thus giving a surface order that violates the subject island constraint only in appearance.
Moving towards an event
Authors: Soare Elena 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter addresses the status of the prepositional supine construction with the locative preposition la “at”, especially as complement of motion verbs. This construction encodes a goal of motion event, and it interestingly admits a continuation in which this event goal is not reached. In Romanian, locative prepositions have the following properties: (i) they select bare nouns; (ii) they can introduce dative arguments; (iii) in accomplishments, they undo the telos of the predicate when introducing an argument. The analysis proposed in this contribution provides a unified account for these three properties, in which the preposition selecting a bare noun introduces a non-achieved goal meaning in the shape of a [–bounded] Path.
On the impact of the initial phrase length on the position of enclitics in Old Czech
Authors: Čech Radek , Kosek Pavel , Navrátilová Olga , Mačutek Jan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper presents an analysis of the relationship between the length of the initial phrase and the positions of pronominal enclitics in a clause. The hypothesis predicting the negative correlation between the length of the phrase and the proportion of enclitics in the post-initial position was set up and tested. For testing the hypothesis, selected books – Genesis (Gn), Isaiah (Is), Job (Jb), Sirach (Sir), Gospel of St. Matthew (Mt), Gospel of St. Luke (Lk), Acts (Act), and Revelation (Rev) – from the first edition of the Old Czech Bible translation were used. The hypothesis was not rejected; however, some differences among particular pronouns were revealed.
A method for the comparison of general sequences via type-token ratio
Authors: Matlach Vladimír , Krivochen Diego Gabriel , Milička Jiří 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article proposes a new method for analyzing and comparing general linear sequences with the minimum prior knowledge on the sequences needed. Sequence analysis is a broad problem studied by various fields from sociology and computer security to linguistics or biology. The method presented here applies the simplest quantitative linguistic tools in order to achieve methods transparency and easily interpretable results. The results form a vector describing the sequence and allow their clustering, machine learning and simple visualizations by line charts or multidimensional methods as MDS or tSNE. For completeness, artifacts and several formal models are derived to describe methods behavior in both common and extreme cases.
Quantitative analysis of syllable properties in Croatian, Serbian, Russian, and Ukrainian
Authors: Rujević Biljana , Kaplar Marija , Kaplar Sebastijan , Stanković Ranka , Obradović Ivan , Mačutek Jan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Ten chapters from a Russian novel and its translations into Croatian, Serbian, and Ukrainian are automatically syllabified following the same approach in all four languages. Syllable frequencies and syllable length are modelled by probability distributions which are commonly used for frequency and length of words (the Zipf-Mandelbrot distribution and the Dacey-Poisson distribution, respectively). We show that Zipf’s law of brevity, according to which the more frequent words tend to be shorter, can be extended to syllables. We suggest a generalization of the Menzerath-Altmann law, a relation between word length and the mean syllable length. The generalized version of the law is valid for both word types and word tokens.
Linking the dependents
Authors: Steiner Petra 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter relates the syntactic and semantic aspects of case and valency to morphological properties and builds a model of these. Two linguistic hypotheses are derived and tested on corpus data and data of a lexicon which are built on the principles of Frame Semantics. My hypotheses are confirmed: (A) the larger the number of variables of a semantic predicate, the larger is the number of the syntactic dependents of the realized syntactic constructs, and (B) the larger the number of semantic roles, the larger is the tendency for shortening on the syntactic level.
Distribution and characteristics of commonly used words across different texts in Japanese
Authors: Yamazaki Makoto 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this chapter, I survey the frequency distribution of commonly used words across different texts in Japanese. Using the Balanced Corpus of Contemporary Written Japanese, we examined the distribution. The results show the following. (1) The distribution draws a curve similar to Zipf’s law, but the curve always begins to increase shortly before the degree of commonality reaches its maximum, (2) neither the length nor the number of the texts affects the distribution trend, (3) as the text length increases, the number of commonly used words also increases linearly, but it reaches a maximum point due to the limited number of basic words.
A Modern Greek readability tool
Authors: Mikros George , Voskaki Rania 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to develop an automatic readability analysis tool that focusses on Modern Greek as a foreign language. Based on previous work done in the Centre for the Greek Language (CGL), we offer an enhanced methodology in readability prediction for Modern Greek texts matching the adequacy level (A1 to C2) according to the Common European Framework of Languages. The proposed tool is based on several stylometric indices inspired by work done in the field of quantitative linguistics. The resulting feature vectors train a Random Forest, a robust and accurate machine learning algorithm that predicts readability in our testing dataset with 0.943 accuracy, surpassing all previous readability tools for Modern Greek. Further, analysis of the results with advanced visualization methods reveals the complex and fluid dynamics of the features used and their readability predictions.
Topological mapping for visualisation of high-dimensional historical linguistic data
Authors: Moisl Hermann 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper addresses an issue in visualization of high-dimensional data abstracted from historical corpora whose importance in quantitative and corpus linguistics has thus far not been sufficiently appreciated: the possibility that the data is nonlinear. Most applications of data visualization in these fields use linear proximity measures which ignore nonlinearity, and, if the data is significantly nonlinear, can give misleading results. Topological mapping is a nonlinear visualization method, and its application via a particular topological mapping method, the Self-Organizing Map, is here exemplified with reference to a small historical text corpus.
Cultural political economy, crisis management, and COVID-19 in the United States
Authors: Mueller Jason C. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has ravaged the world. The pace at which this pandemic spread left policy makers scrambling to understand the virus and craft ameliorative policy measures, while populations struggled to make sense of the pandemic’s impact on their lives. This opened up many opportunities for crisis learning. This article deploys the Cultural Political Economy (CPE) approach to analyse discursive and material ways in which the President of the United States engaged in crisis learning and crisis management during the early months of the pandemic. Although preexisting conditions structured the early response to COVID-19, contingent moments of (in)action by the President had significant, path-shaping impact on the scope and severity of the pandemic. A vignette on the functionality of the US healthcare system during the early days of the pandemic offers further clarity on the interplay between material and discursive factors impacting real-time crisis learning and management.
Upconversion lanthanide nanomaterials: basics introduction, synthesis approaches, mechanism and application in photodetector and photovoltaic devices
Authors: Mehrdel Baharak , Nikbakht Ali , Aziz Azlan Abdul , Jameel Mahmood S. , Dheyab Mohammed Ali , Khaniabadi Pegah Moradi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Upconversion (UC) of lanthanide-doped nanostructure has the unique ability to convert low energy infrared (IR) light to high energy photons, which has significant potential for energy conversion applications. This review concisely discusses the basic concepts and fundamental theories of lanthanide nanostructures, synthesis techniques, and enhancement methods of upconversion for photovoltaic and for near-infrared (NIR) photodetector (PD) application. In addition, a few examples of lanthanide-doped nanostructures with improved performance were discussed, with particular emphasis on upconversion emission enhancement using coupling plasmon. The use of UC materials has been shown to significantly improve the NIR light-harvesting properties of photovoltaic devices and photocatalytic materials. However, the inefficiency of UC emission also prompted the need for additional modification of the optical properties of UC material. This improvement entailed the proper selection of the host matrix and optimization of the sensitizer and activator concentrations, followed by subjecting the UC material to surface-passivation, plasmonic enhancement, or doping. As expected, improving the optical properties of UC materials can lead to enhanced efficiency of PDs and photovoltaic devices.
Development of a reduced model for energetic particle transport by sawteeth in tokamaks
Authors: Podestà M , Gorelenkova M , Gorelenkov N N , White R B , Bonofiglo P J , Poli F M , Teplukhina A , Yang J , Cecconello M , Vallar M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The sawtooth instability is known for inducing transport and loss of energetic particles (EPs), and for generating seed magnetic islands that can trigger tearing modes. Both effects degrade the overall plasma performance. Several theories and numerical models have been previously developed to quantify the expected EP transport caused by sawteeth, with various degrees of sophistication to differentiate the response of EPs at different energies and on different orbits (e.g. passing vs. trapped), although the analysis is frequently limited to a single time slice during a tokamak discharge. This work describes the development and initial benchmark of a framework that enables a reduced model for EP transport by sawteeth retaining the full EP phase-space information. The model, implemented in the ORBIT hamiltonian particle-following code, can be used either as a standalone post-processor taking input data from codes such as TRANSP, or as a pre-processor to compute transport coefficients that can be fed back to TRANSP for time-dependent simulations including the effects of sawteeth on EPs. The advantage of the latter approach is that the evolution of the EP distribution can be simulated quantitatively for sawtoothing discharges, thus enabling a more accurate modeling of sources, sinks and overall transport properties of EP and thermal plasma species for comprehensive physics studies that require detailed information of the fast-ion distribution function and its evolution over time.
Fuel retention and erosion-deposition on inner wall cladding tiles in JET-ILW
Authors: Dittrich Laura , Petersson Per , Rubel Marek , Tran Tuan Thien , Widdowson Anna , Jepu Ionut , Porosnicu Corneliu , Alves Eduardo , Catarino Norberto , Contributors JET 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The morphology of beryllium coatings on the Inconel inner wall cladding tiles after JET-ILW campaigns was determined. The focus was on: (i) fuel retention and its share in the overall fuel inventory; (ii) the change of the layer structure and composition. The study is motivated in the view of planned D-T operation in JET. Four tiles were examined: the initial not exposed; one exposed to two campaigns (ILW1-2) and two facing the plasma during ILW1–3. As determined with ion beam and microscopy methods, the initial Be layer (9.0 μm thick) contained up to 4–5 at.% of impurities, mainly H, O, C, Ni. In the exposed tiles, the impurity content increases to 14–26 at.% (up to 20 at.% O, 1.7 at.% C, 1.0 at.% N, 1.3 at.% Ni and under 0.1 at.% W). The surface composition indicates gettering of O and a long-term retention of N. The Be thickness on the tile exposed to ILW1–2 was between 7.6 and 9.7 μm, thus indicating erosion in some areas, while the thickness after ILW1–3 increased to 10–12 μm. The D content was in the range 1.2–3.4×1017 cm−2 after ILW1–2 and 3.2–10×1017 cm−2 after ILW1–3 on most of the analyzed area, but in the limiter shadow values up to 58 ×1017 cm−2 were measured. Taking into account the total area of the Be-coated inner wall cladding tiles, the lower limit of D inventory amounts to 5.3×1022 atoms corresponding to about 176 mg, i.e. somewhat greater than the amount determined on Be limiters. The formation and spalling-off of Be-O particles was revealed.
A whole-process interpretable and multi-modal deep reinforcement learning for diagnosis and analysis of Alzheimer’s disease
∗
Authors: Zhang Quan , Du Qian , Liu Guohua 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objective. Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a common disease of the elderly with unknown etiology, has been adversely affecting many people, especially with the aging of the population and the younger trend of this disease. Current artificial intelligence (AI) methods based on individual information or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can solve the problem of diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, but still face the challenges of interpretability and clinical feasibility. In this study, we propose an interpretable multimodal deep reinforcement learning model for inferring pathological features and the diagnosis of AD. Approach. First, for better clinical feasibility, the compressed-sensing MRI image is reconstructed using an interpretable deep reinforcement learning model. Then, the reconstructed MRI is input into the full convolution neural network to generate a pixel-level disease probability risk map (DPM) of the whole brain for AD. The DPM of important brain regions and individual information are then input into the attention-based fully deep neural network to obtain the diagnosis results and analyze the biomarkers. We used 1349 multi-center samples to construct and test the model. Main results. Finally, the model obtained 99.6% ± 0.2%, 97.9% ± 0.2%, and 96.1% ± 0.3% area under curve in ADNI, AIBL and NACC, respectively. The model also provides an effective analysis of multimodal pathology, predicts the imaging biomarkers in MRI and the weight of each individual item of information. In this study, a deep reinforcement learning model was designed, which can not only accurately diagnose AD, but analyze potential biomarkers. Significance. In this study, a deep reinforcement learning model was designed. The model builds a bridge between clinical practice and AI diagnosis and provides a viewpoint for the interpretability of AI technology.
Soliton gas in integrable dispersive hydrodynamics
Authors: El Gennady A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We review the spectral theory of soliton gases in integrable dispersive hydrodynamic systems. We first present a phenomenological approach based on the consideration of phase shifts in pairwise soliton collisions and leading to the kinetic equation for a non-equilibrium soliton gas. Then, a more detailed theory is presented in which soliton gas dynamics are modelled by a thermodynamic type limit of modulated finite-gap spectral solutions of the Korteweg–de Vries and the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equations. For the focusing NLS equation the notions of soliton condensate and breather gas are introduced that are related to the phenomena of spontaneous modulational instability and the rogue wave formation. The integrability properties of the kinetic equation for soliton gas are discussed and some physically relevant solutions are presented and compared with direct numerical simulations of dispersive hydrodynamic systems.
Metal hydride hydrogen storage and purification technologies
Authors: Blinov D V , Borzenko V I , Bezdudny A V , Kazakov A N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The results of the development of metal hydride (MH) reactors for the storage and purification of hydrogen of various types are presented. Two methods of metal hydride purification of hydrogen are presented. The use of the MH method of flow-through purification of hydrogen has high hydrogen recovery rates at high volume contents of hydrogen in the mixture (⩾10% vol.), while the method of periodic evacuation of accumulated impurities is most effective at low hydrogen contents in the mixture (<10% vol.).
Experimental investigations of the processes in gas generator of hydrogen-air energy storage
Authors: Chukhin N I , Schastlivtsev A I 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper describes the results of experimental investigation of the sample of the hydrogen-air gas generator unit with the expected average power of 65 kW. In total 5 test runs were made. Two tests showed that the mass flow and outlet gas temperature was in an agreement with the designed parameters. Additional attention should be paid to the cooling system design for the combustion chamber. In future such a gas generator in couple with the suitable gas turbine unit could be a part of the renewable energy accumulation system e.g. of hydrogen-air energy storage.
Intensification of heat transfer during pool boiling of nitrogen on surfaces with capillary-porous coatings produced by 3D-printing
Authors: Kuznetsov D V , Pavlenko A N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The study of heat transfer, critical heat fluxes (CHF) and evaporation dynamics at pool boiling of nitrogen at atmospheric and low pressures in a stationary heat generation regimes was performed. The two flat cooper heaters with porous coatings of various structural parameters obtained by additive 3D-printing as well as smooth one were used as working surfaces. According to obtained results such coatings significantly effect on pool boiling increasing up to six times the heat transfer coefficients (HTC) in comparison with uncoated sample. For all investigated heaters and pressures, visualization of boiling was performed using a video camera from which data on the bubble departure diameters and estimates of the active nucleation site density were obtained.
The influence of anionic surfactant in water on the quenching process
Authors: Lexin M A , Zabirov A R , Molotova I A , Kaban’kov O N , Yagov V V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Understanding the patterns of heat transfer during quenching is important for many technical applications. Of particular interest is the boiling regime, which is characterized by high intensity and occurs at surface temperatures exceeding the temperature of attainable liquid superheat. This work is aimed at studying the effect of surfactants on the onset of intense heat transfer during quenching. For this, experiments were carried out on quenching spheres made of different metals (nickel, stainless steel and zirconium) in water with different concentrations of surfactants. The surfactant was alkylbenzene sulfonate, the concentration of which varied from 0.1 to 2%. The analysis of the obtained cooling thermograms revealed the influence of not only the surfactant concentration on the beginning of the intensive cooling mode, but also the state of the heat transfer surface.
Calculation of thermodynamic properties of mixtures in two-phase equilibrium
Authors: Luo Taiming , Chirkov A Yu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Thermodynamic properties of mixtures in vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) were studied. Thermodynamic properties of the methane-ethane mixtures in VLE were calculated with highly accurate Helmholtz free energy equation of state GERG-2008, simplified GERG-2008 and common cubic PR equation of state (EOS). Results show that GERG-2008 has high accuracy in VLE calculations. However, simplified GERG-2008 and PR-EOS both work unsatisfactorily in VLE calculations.
CCGT unit with a carbonation system for CO2 capture
Authors: Maslennikov G E , Nazarova V V , Lazebny I P , Ryzhkov A F 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The paper considers the issues of creating energy-efficient and environmentally friendly resource-saving energy generation technologies based on fossil fuels, solid waste and materials. A natural gas CCGT with a MSW ash carbonation unit was chosen as the research object. The prototype of the CCGT unit is the CCGT “Akademicheskaya” with an installed capacity of 230 MW. For the carbonation of MSW ash, a direct semi-dry route is used. In the calculation of the CCGT, the power and efficiency of the cycle are determined, as well as the parameters of the flue gas, which are transferred to the calculation of carbonation. As a result of calculations, it was found that this specific CO2 emissions from the power plant using carbonation can be reduced by almost 20% from 403 to 329 g kWh-1, however, a large amount of required MSW (2.6-6.7 kg per kg of flue gases) causes certain difficulties for the implementation of the project.
Study of the heat flux fluctuations intensity during flow around a circular cylinder
Authors: Yu Mityakov V , Seroshtanov V V , Suchok V V , Zhidkov N A , Vlasov A S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
An experimental study performed in an air channel using gradient heatmetry is presented, for a configuration of three heated circular cylinders with different distance between them. Cylinders were installed one by one. The main objective is to analyze the heat flux fluctuations, employing gradient heat flux sensor. The behavior of the flow in the wake behind the first cylinder under various regimes, for the specified configuration, changes the fluctuations level at the surface of the second and third cylinders. By visualizing the flow using PIV, it was possible to see areas of stagnation, separation points and other features of flow around the model. The results showed that the fluctuations level for the second cylinder is an order of magnitude lower than for the first. We can say that the first cylinder stabilizes the flow. However, at the third cylinder, this level is comparable and even higher than on the first. Use of gradient heatmetry thus made it possible for the first time to estimate the fluctuating nature of the flow and heat transfer around cylinders.