bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Linear Intrinsic Dynamics of Thin Shells
Authors: Libai A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Equations for the linear intrinsic dynamics of shells are presented and discussed. The variables in the proposed method are the six strain measures (½ × incremental metric and incremental curvature tensors of the reference surface).
Two versions are presented. In the “compatibility version”, the field equations are: (a) expressions for the three extensional strain-accelerations in terms of the stress resultants and loads, and (b) the three incremental Gauss and Codazá-Mainardi compatibility equations of the reference surface. Constitutive relations are appended to complete the formulation.
In the “rate version”, the field equations are expressions for the six strain-accelerations (extensional and bending) in terms of the stress-resultants and loads. Equivalence to the “compatibility version” is shown, provided that the initial conditions are satisfied.
Two examples are given. In the first, specialization is made to the case of circular cylindrical shells. In the second, an inplane vibration problem of a rectangular plate is studied.
Calibration of Laser Piezospectroscopy Using Alumina/Chromia Solid Solutions Obtained by Coprecipitation
Authors: Sridharan Swetha , Jordan E. H. , Gell Maurice 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Cr3+ photoluminescence peizo-spectroscopy (CPLPS) is a technique that allows the measurement of the hydrostatic component of stress in α alumina oxides. This method is being developed in our laboratory as a non-destructive inspection technique for thermal barrier coating systems. It has been shown that the Cr3+ concentration influences the magnitude of the shifts in the fluorescence frequencies, Δv of the R1 and the R2 peaks [1,2] and hence the apparent stress. Therefore, this work is an attempt to quantify the extent of this shift, consequent to the Cr3+ concentration in the TBC systems and to study the variation of this effect with thermal cycles on the TBCs. In addition, we have developed a method of estimating Cr3+ content based on the intensity of satellite peaks referred to as n-lines. The experiments are also designed to validate the n-line based method of estimating Cr3+ content and its affect on the apparent stress value.
Photo-Stimulated Luminescence Piezo-Spectroscopy Measurement on a EB-PVD 7YSZ/(Ni, Pt)Al/CMSX-4 TBC System
Authors: Xie L. D. , Sohn Y. H. , Jordan E. H. , Gell M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Photo-stimulated luminescence piezo-spectroscopy (PLPS) is being developed as a non-destructive technique for thermal barrier coatings (TBC). In this study, the evolution of photo-stimulated luminescence with 1 hour at 1121 °C thermal cycling was systematically investigated from the thermally grown oxide (TGO) in a production TBC system which consists of electron beam physical vapor deposited 7wt% Y2O3-ZrO2, (Ni,Pt)Al bond coat and CMSX-4 superalloy substrate. The change of compressive stress in the TGO layer with thermal cycling was calculated from the wavelength shift of luminescence spectrum. It consists of an increase from 1.5 to 2.5 Gpa at as received state to 2.5 to 3.5 Gpa at 10 cycles, a gradual decrease to 1.0 to 2.0 Gpa until 500 cycles, then a plateau at this level until TBC spallation. Some other information, such as change of peak width and relative intensity of R1 and R2 peak with thermal cycling, was also analyzed. The Physical basis of the photo-stimulated luminescence evolution was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Deployment of Structural Foam in a Vehicle Roof System for Weight Reduction: Analytical/Experimental Verification
Authors: Alwan Jamil M. , Wu Chi-Chin , Chou Clifford C. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The effect of structural foam (both polyurethane foam and Epoxy-based foam) on roof-crush resistance, when injected in the cavities of principal roof crush components, is investigated. Previously established design guide-lines have been used to optimize foam benefits by selecting appropriate foam density, and location of foam application. Finally, feasibility of downgaging a roof-crush system through optimized foam deployment and without affecting strength is evaluated.
Two identical body-in-white (B-I-W) vehicles were used in this evaluation. One vehicle was considered as a base, while the other was injected with 9 pcf polyurethane foam at several critical locations. The foam density selection was based on the component study findings, while the foam location was determined based on a CAE analysis of the base model to locate plastic hinge formation and their sequence of occurrence. It was found that the maximum load was increased by 27% due to foam filling and the buckling strength increased by confining support. The total absorbing energy was increased by 25% due to the increase in the plastic moment capacity. Similar observations were registered when a 5 mm layer of Epoxy Based Foam was deployed in the same roof system.
CAE roof-crush analysis performed on the tested (B-I-W) came in good correlation with the test results. Similar CAE analysis was performed on another vehicle roof-crush model; the maximum load was reported to increase by 26% and the total absorbed energy increased by 22% when the vehicle was injected with 9 pcf polyurethane foam at the pre-determined locations. Finally, the latest model was downgaged selectively by 20% with a minimum thickness of 0.68 mm. This resulted in a total weight saving of 6 Kgs. CAE analysis showed that the resulting loss in functionality of the system due to downgaging (resistance in this case) was totally compensated by foam deployment at the predetermined locations.
Microsystems Challenges for Engineering Education
Authors: Allen James J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) have recently caught the national attention and are on the verge of producing many new products and applications in the world. This is a very multidisciplinary field that presents many unique challenges for engineering education. This paper will discuss the background of MEMS technology and the unique challenges MEMS pose to engineering education. The paper will also mention various approaches that are being taken to address MEMS education.
Numerical Simulation of Molten Metal-Polymeric Foam Interface Velocity During Lost Foam Casting
Authors: Bakhtiyarov Sayavur I. , Overfelt Ruel A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A novel multiphase flow model is presented for describing the pyrolisis of polymeric foam material in a lost foam casting process. FLOW-3D software (Flow Science, Inc.) has been used to simulate liquid metal filling dynamics and the molten metal-polymeric foam interface velocity in foam patterns of rectangular shape. The effect of the degradation gaseous products on the molten metal-polymeric foam interface velocity was taken into consideration through specially written sub-routing program. The results of the simulations are compared with the previously obtained experimental data for the lost foam iron casting.
Simultaneous Cinematographic PIV and Acetone PLIF for Spatially and Temporally Resolved Velocity and Concentration Fields in a Buoyant Helium Plume
Authors: O’Hern Timothy J. , Tieszen Sheldon R. , Weckman Elizabeth J. , Gerhart Andrew L. , Schefer Robert W. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
An experimental study has been performed on a 1-m base diameter buoyant helium plume. Velocity fields were measured by particle image velocimetry (PIV). Helium concentration was determined by seeding the helium with 1.7-volume percent acetone vapor and measuring planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) of the acetone. PIV and PLIF were performed simultaneously using a 200 Hz XeCl excimer laser and 35-mm motion picture cameras. The film images were digitized and post-processed to obtain velocity and concentration data for a region approximately 0.8 m high by 1 m wide centered on the plume centerline and extending from the surface of the plume inlet to include the pure helium core, near-field mixing zones, and surrounding air. The data cover 7 puff cycles of the plume. Instantaneous and time-averaged two-dimensional velocity fields were obtained for each of 900 time planes (129 time-planes per puff cycle) spaced 5 ms apart. Each vector represents a statistical estimate of the velocity in a 2.1 cm by 2.1 cm by 0.8 cm volume, which are overlapped by 50% in the vector plots. Time-averaged turbulent statistics ( u′ 2 ¯ , v′ 2 ¯ , u′ v′ ¯ , and k) are also presented. The joint velocity and concentration data are used to calculate Favre-averaged statistics. Boundary conditions were carefully measured as the data are intended for development and validation of numerical simulations of buoyant turbulence using RANS and LES techniques. The results clearly show the dominant effect of puffing, measured at 1.55 cycles/sec for this plume, on the temporal and spatial development of the velocity field.
Parallel Computation of LV Hemodynamics
Authors: Rathish Kumar B. V. , Yamaguchi T. , Liu H. , Himeno R. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Computer Visualization of hemodynamics in Left Ventricle (LV) is of great significance in treating patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Numerical simulations that enable such graphical visualization are computationally very intensive. So in the current study we propose to discuss details of the parallel computation of LV flow dynamics on distributed memory based vector parallel processing system (VPP700) under UXP/VPPF90. Speedup and efficiency factors obtained by the present parallel computational strategy will be presented. Results pertaining to the parallel solution to steady flow dynamics in LV model will also be presented.
Automobile Parts Provide the Framework for Teaching Around the Cycle in a Course on Manufacturing Materials and Processes
Authors: Sauerwine Fred R. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A course on manufacturing materials and processes was improved by dividing it into units identified by automotive components such as the piston, body panel, and tail light. To teach around the cycle within each module, the “WHY”, “WHAT”, “HOW”, and “WHAT IF” teaching objectives are addressed and a variety of learning activities are utilized; e.g.. lecturing with visual aids, computer-aided instruction, guided laboratory tests, company visits, problem solving, design sessions, and team projects. Presented and discussed are the contents of the course introduction, nine automotive units, and two capstone experiences. Based upon student evaluations of the course, covering topics in a framework of automobile parts was appreciated. However, the most preferred learning activity was guided laboratory tests. Proposed future work includes the development of additional process laboratories and a CD on material-process-structure-properties interrelationships.
Wrist Fracture Cooperative Biomechanics Research Project
Authors: Englund Richard B. , Cooney Timothy E. , Buczek Frank L. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
While injuries are common from skating sports, few biomechanics studies have compared fracture rates with and without protective wrist guards. All published testing results have been obtained from cadaveric specimens, generally with substantially axial loading. Loads to failure have been reported for slow loading by universal testing machines, and fracture patterns have been reported from more rapid loading with a pendulum system. An orthopaedic resident at Hamot Medical Center had an interest in in-line skating injuries and proposed to investigate whether wrist guards provided a reduction in the incidence of fractures from skating falls. The project started with the goal of demonstrating the value, or lack thereof, of wrist guards, and ended with simply trying to determine methodology which closely simulates wrist injury arising from a skating fall.
The hospital does not have engineering staff in the research department, nor extensive fabrication capabilities, and approached the School of Engineering and Engineering Technology of Penn State at Erie for assistance in design, construction, and data collection for a research project to investigate the efficacy of wrist guards. Assistance in kinematic aspects of falls was sought from the Motion Analysis Laboratory of Shriners Hospitals for Children - Erie. The logistics of a cooperative project between three institutions is the subject of this paper.
Initial planning for the project, revisions to the scope of the project, the financial arrangements, equipment design and construction, and data collection practices are described in this paper. Concluding remarks about the resources necessary for cooperative projects between medical schools and Engineering Technology departments are presented.
A Numerical Study of Volute Design in Centrifugal Compressor
Authors: Yang Weili , Grant Peter , Hitt James 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Our principle goal of this study is to develop a CFD based analysis procedure that could be used to analyze the geometric tradeoffs in scroll geometry when space is limited. In the study, a full centrifugal compressor stage at four different operating points from near surge to near choke is analyzed using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and laboratory measurement. The study concentrates on scroll performance and its interaction with a vaneless diffuser and impeller.
The numerical results show good agreement with test data in scroll circumferential pressure distribution at different ΛAR, total pressure loss coefficient, and pressure distortion at the tongue. The CFD analysis also predicts a reasonable choke point of the stage. The numerical results provide overall flow field in the scroll and diffuser at different operating points. From examining the flow fields, one can have a much better understanding of rather complicated flow behavior such as jet-wake mixing, and choke. One can examine total pressure loss in detail to provide crucial direction for scroll design improvement in areas such as volute tongue, volute cross-section geometry and exit conical diffuser.
Stress Intensity Factors and Paths for Cracks in Photoelastic Motor Grain Models Under Internal Pressure
Authors: Smith C. W. , Constantinescu D. M. , Liu C. T. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Computational analysis and two-dimensional tensile tests on single motor grain fins suggest that cracks in fin tips are most likely to originate at the coalescence of a fin end tip radius, with a small radius from the side of the fin. Some manufacturers have also noticed defects formed during casting at the fin tip on the fin axis. The following is an experimental investigation utilizing frozen stress photoelastic models of an existing motor grain geometry in order to clarify stress intensity factor (SIF) values and crack growth paths for cracks emanating from the two above-noted potential critical loci. Comparisons between results from cracks grown from the two loci will be made, suggesting interesting conclusions.
Hierarchy for groups acting on hyperbolic ℤn-spaces
Authors: Grecianu Andrei-Paul , Myasnikov Alexei , Serbin Denis 
Published: November 2021

In [A.-P. Grecianu, A. Kvaschuk, A. G. Myasnikov and D. Serbin, Groups acting on hyperbolic [Formula: see text]-metric spaces, Int. J. Algebra Comput. 25(6) (2015) 977–1042], the authors initiated a systematic study of hyperbolic [Formula: see text]-metric spaces, where [Formula: see text] is an ordered abelian group, and groups acting on such spaces. The present paper concentrates on the case [Formula: see text] taken with the right lexicographic order and studies the structure of finitely generated groups acting on hyperbolic [Formula: see text]-metric spaces. Under certain constraints, the structure of such groups is described in terms of a hierarchy (see [D. T. Wise, The Structure of Groups with a Quasiconvex Hierarchy[Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]AMS-[Formula: see text], Annals of Mathematics Studies (Princeton University Press, 2021)]) similar to the one established for [Formula: see text]-free groups in [O. Kharlampovich, A. G. Myasnikov, V. N. Remeslennikov and D. Serbin, Groups with free regular length functions in [Formula: see text], Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 364 (2012) 2847–2882].
A Thermal Blended Facial Expression Analysis and Recognition System Using Deformed Thermal Facial Areas
Authors: Saha Priya , Bhattacharjee Debotosh , De Barin Kumar , Nasipuri Mita 
Published: November 2021

There are many research works in visible as well as thermal facial expression analysis and recognition. Several facial expression databases have been designed in both modalities. However, little attention has been given for analyzing blended facial expressions in the thermal infrared spectrum. In this paper, we have introduced a Visual-Thermal Blended Facial Expression Database (VTBE) that contains visual and thermal face images with both basic and blended facial expressions. The database contains 12 posed blended facial expressions and spontaneous six basic facial expressions in both modalities. In this paper, we have proposed Deformed Thermal Facial Area (DTFA) in thermal expressive face image and make an analysis to differentiate between basic and blended expressions using DTFA. Here, the fusion of DTFA and Deformed Visual Facial Area (DVFA) has been proposed combining the features of both modalities and experiments and has been conducted on this new database. However, to show the effectiveness of our proposed approach, we have compared our method with state-of-the-art methods using USTC-NVIE database. Experiment results reveal that our approach is superior to state-of-the-art methods.
Modeling the Ventral and Dorsal Cortical Visual Pathways Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Han Zhixian , Sereno Anne 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Although in conventional models of cortical processing, object recognition and spatial properties are processed separately in ventral and dorsal cortical visual pathways respectively, some recent studies have shown that representations associated with both objects' identity (of shape) and space are present in both visual pathways. However, it is still unclear whether the presence of identity and spatial properties in both pathways have functional roles. In our study, we have tried to answer this question through computational modeling. Our simulation results show that both a model ventral and dorsal pathway, separately trained to do object and spatial recognition, respectively, each actively retained information about both identity and space. In addition, we show that these networks retained different amounts and kinds of identity and spatial information. As a result, our modeling suggests that two separate cortical visual pathways for identity and space (1) actively retain information about both identity and space (2) retain information about identity and space differently and (3) that this differently retained information about identity and space in the two pathways may be necessary to accurately and optimally recognize and localize objects. Further, modeling results suggests these findings are robust and do not strongly depend on the specific structures of the neural networks.
Black Lives and Asian Medicine
Authors: Wu Yi-Li 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This essay examines the intersections between Asian medicines, racial healthcare inequities, and social justice movements, and explains how they are illuminated by the interviews and essays in this special issue. Important themes include: how the protests following the murder of George Floyd in May 2020 spurred US organizations of alternative, complementary, and integrative medicine to undertake antiracist initiatives; how acupuncturists have been working to properly acknowledge the contributions of African American practitioners in their historical narratives; and how acupuncture may be a useful tool for mitigating racial health disparities.
Acupuncture, the Black Panther Party, and People’s Medicine
Authors: Burton-Rose Daniel , Wu Yi-Li 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Tolbert Small (b. 1943) is a physician and civil rights activist best known for his advocacy for research on sickle cell anemia. In the summer of 2020 two of Asian Medicine’s editors, Daniel Burton-Rose and Yi-Li Wu, interviewed Small about his clinical career of more than fifty years. The interview focuses on Small’s experience with acupuncture, the practice of Chinese medicine in the United States, and his commitment to social justice. Small was introduced to acupuncture in 1972 as a member of a delegation of the Black Panther Party to the People’s Republic of China, and he incorporated it into his clinical practice upon his return to Oakland, California. Small began practicing acupuncture at a time when instructional materials and therapeutic implements were difficult to obtain. He witnessed the gradual mainstreaming of Chinese medicine in the United States, accompanied by problems of differential access based on race and income.
Fighting Medical Racism with Education and Action
Authors: Wu Yi-Li , Tyson Denise 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Denise Tyson is the president of the Maryland Acupuncture Society (US), one of the state-level professional organizations that comprises the American Society of Acupuncturists. Following the police murder of George Floyd on May 25, 2020, she called on her colleagues in the acupuncture profession to take meaningful action against racism and to educate themselves about the long history of racist violence against African Americans. In July 2020 an editor of Asian Medicine interviewed Tyson to learn about her medical career and her perspectives on race and health care. The main themes of the interview include: her affinity for acupuncture and Chinese medicine, her experiences with racial bias in both biomedicine and integrative medicine, strategies for making acupuncture organizations more inclusive, and the crucial role that education plays in combating racism.
The Implications of Economic Change in Indonesia for Social Class Formation
Authors: Booth Anne 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article investigates the relationship between economic growth and changing class structures in Indonesia over the last century, with particular emphasis on the post-independence decades. Investigations carried out in the colonial era found that access to land and to government employment were crucial determinants of both income and social status. After 1950, these factors continued to be important, but in addition some studies also examined the growth of the private sector outside agriculture and its implications for changing social stratification among indigenous Indonesians. In recent times, contributions to the literature on the middle class have been made by international agencies (such as the Asian Development Bank and the World Bank). These studies have defined the middle class in terms of household income or expenditures and have argued that the middle class in Indonesia is growing and is now larger than the number of people living in poverty. The implications of this for future government policies are discussed.
Ethnic ‘Ferociousness’ in Colonial Wars
Authors: Oostindie Gert , Steijlen Fridus 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article explores the myths and evidence surrounding extreme violence and the framing of ‘ethnic soldiers’ as loyal and indispensable Moluccan soldiers in the Dutch army in the Indonesian War of Independence, 1945–1949. In this article, we first interrogate the origins of this framing in the Dutch–Indonesian case and the type of sources underlying this perspective. Next, we present the results of our research, which combines a study of Dutch veterans’ ego documents and oral-history projects. Based on this analysis, we reconsider both the framing and the evidence, after which we conclude with some comparative observations on ‘ethnic soldiers’ and the sources and perspectives underlying the ambivalent, but increasingly critical, framing of these men. Our methodology includes the use of digital-humanities techniques.