bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility and Validity of the Actiheart Activity Monitor in Children Who Were Hospitalized With Cancer Coadmitted With Classmates: A RESPECT Study
Authors: Schmidt-Andersen Peter , Møller Tom , Mogensen Pernille R. , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Larsen Hanne B. , Nielsen Martin K. F. 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
We investigated the feasibility of the Actiheart monitor to determine total daily energy expenditure and the validity of the Actiheart step test as an accurate estimate of peak oxygen uptake.

Methods:

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2 peak was estimated with the Actiheart step test and compared with a cardiopulmonary exercise test. Total daily energy expenditure was measured using the Actiheart monitor on days with and without classmate coadmission.

Results:
Of 26 eligible measurement periods (15 children), 89% participated and 91% could participate safely; however, 35% fulfilled demands for valid monitoring. The percentage of children not completing the monitoring period was 10% (attrition) and adherence to classmate visits was 84%. Forty-eight percent of the measurement periods provided data, and only 27% was calibrated data. Actiheart step test significantly overestimated

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2 peak compared with the Cardio Pulmonary Exercise Test.

Conclusion:
Measuring total daily energy expenditure using Actiheart is not feasible, nor implementable in children with cancer. Furthermore, the Actiheart step test is not a valid test to estimate

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2 peak in children with cancer.
68Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT in Erdheim-Chester Disease
Authors: Wu Simin , Pang Yizhen , Chen Yangchun , Sun Huayu , Chen Haojun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A 56-year-old woman presented with edema in the upper part of the body, enlarged axillary lymph nodes, and progressive bone pain for 1 year. Malignant disease was initially suspected. This patient underwent 68Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT for detection of the primary lesion and evaluation of disease extent. 68Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT revealed multiple abnormal foci at the skeleton, muscle, lymph nodes, and subcutaneous fat. The imaging findings, highly suggestive of Erdheim-Chester disease, have been later confirmed by histopathology. This case highlights that 68Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT would be useful for evaluating the disease extent, guiding biopsies, and gauging the treatment response in patients with Erdheim-Chester disease.
Soft Palate Fistula in a Patient With Normal Palate as a Rare Complication After Septoplasty
Authors: Jeon Jeong-Bae , Jeon Min Chae , Shin Ji-Hyeon 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
While the formation of a palatal fistula after septoplasty has been reported previously, it is a rare occurrence, especially in a patient with a normal palate. In most of the previous reports, the palatal fistulas were located on the hard palate and associated with various underlying conditions. Here, we present a case of soft palate fistula which developed in a patient with a normal palate after septoplasty. The 20-year old woman complained of liquid regurgitation after her septoplasty procedure. A pin-point size fistula opening was observed on the soft palate. A shallow depression was identified at the junction between the hard and soft palate by a computed tomography scan done before surgery. The fistula was subsequently repaired through a palatal flap. After surgery, the defect was completely closed, and the patient had no more symptoms. In addition, we review the previously reported cases of palatal fistula after septoplasty.
Self-Cross-Linked Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel in Endonasal Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Yu Bo , Tu Yunhai , Zhou Guangming , Shi Jieliang , Wu Ende , Wu Wencan 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
To investigate whether self-cross-linked HA hydrogel fill stimulates wound mucosal regeneration and its epithelialization around the ostia to improve long-term ostial patency in endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (En-DCR).

Methods:
One hundred and ninety-two patients with unilateral primary chronic dacryocystitis (PCD) were randomized divided into 2 groups: group A (the HA hydrogel group) and group B (the control group). All patients underwent En-DCR. The HA hydrogel group received HA hydrogel filling the ostium at the end of the surgery and the control group received no treatment. The mucosal epithelialization of the wound, the formation of granulation, the formation of scars, and the success rate of ostial patency were compared.

Results:
Our study included 82 patients in group A and 79 patients in group B. At the 2-week follow up, 74 patients (90.2%) in the group A had a healed ostium with a lining of intact epithelial mucosa. It was higher when compared with 56 patients (70.9%) in group B (X2 = 9.698, P < 0.05). At the 12-month follow up, Granulation were present in 7.3% of patients in group A which was significantly lower than the 19.0% of patients in group B (X2 = 4.831, P < 0.05). No statistical difference was found with scars formation between 2 groups (X2 = 1.607, P = 0.205). The success rate of ostial patency was 89.0% (73/82) in group A and 77.2% (61/79) in group B. The success rate was much higher in group A than group B (X2 = 4.02, P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Self-cross-linked HA hydrogel may enhance the success rate of En-DCR for PCD by promoting mucosal epithelial healing and preventing excessive granulation.
Fibula Free Flap Salvage From 10-hour Prolonged Arterial Insufficiency and Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Chen Jonathan H. , Vakharia Kalpesh T. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Fibula free flaps are standard in facial reconstructions after head and neck cancer resection and typically have short flap ischemia times, often under 2 hours. Methods for short-term flap ischemia are characterized, but methods for extremely prolonged flap ischemia have not been well-described. We describe a 72-year-old patient who underwent composite floor of mouth and mandible resection with fibula free flap reconstruction. Patient intraoperative instability forced flap ischemia of over 10 hours with arterial insufficiency and venous thrombosis. Despite complicated and extremely prolonged ischemia, aggressive local and systemic anticoagulants with intraoperative leach therapy were still effective in flap salvage. The flap ultimately survived without necrosis. This case describes a method to guide surgeons faced with situations of forced, prolonged flap ischemia. Traditionally indicated in short-term ischemia, anticoagulation and leach methods can be effective for intraoperative treatment of extremely prolonged flap ischemia, arterial insufficiency, and venous thrombosis.
Is Decreased Local Bone Quality an Independent Risk Factor for Complications Following Fracture Fixation of Facial Bones
Authors: Chen Youbai , Han Yudi , Niu Zehao , Pu Wenwen , Tao Ran , Lei Yonghong , Guo Lingli , Zhang Qixu , August Meredith , Zhang Haizhong , Han Yan 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
Although osteoporosis is associated with increased risks of complications of fracture fixation in the orthopedic literature, the association between local bone quality (LBQ) and complications of facial fracture fixation is unknown. The authors aim to identify that if decreased LBQ is an independent risk factor for complications following facial fracture fixation?

Methods:
The authors conducted a prospective cohort study on patients over age of 50 years who underwent open reduction and rigid internal fixation for facial fractures. The primary predictor was LBQ (low or normal), decided by a combination of 3 panoramic indices. Other predictors included age, gender, body mass index (BMI), comorbidities, trauma-related characteristics, etc. The outcome variable was the presence of hardware-related, fracture-healing, wound, or neurosensory complications during 2-year follow-up. Univariate and multivariate regressions were performed to identify any significant association between predictor and outcome variables.

Results:
The sample was composed of 69 patients (27 females) with an average age of 58.6 ± 8.6 years and BMI of 25 ± 3.8. Low-LBQ patients were significantly older, more females, had lower BMI, mainly injured from falls, had more complications compared to their normal-LBQ counterparts. However, multivariable logistic regressions demonstrated that only age (adjusted OR: 1.12, P = 0.031, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.23) and diabetes (adjusted OR: 12.63, P = 0.029, 95% CI: 1.3, 122.53) were significantly associated with overall complications after confounding adjustment.

Conclusions:
The results of the present study indicate that reduced LBQ is not an independent risk factor for complications following facial fracture fixation. The increased risk of complications in low-LBQ patients is more likely to be attributed to other age-related comorbidities such as diabetes. Therefore, the authors recommend detailed workup and good control of comorbidities in elderly trauma patient.
Geographic Differences in Lung Transplant Volume and Donor Availability During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Benvenuto Luke , Snyder Mark E. , Aversa Meghan , Patel Shreena , Costa Joseph , Shah Lori , Robbins Hilary , D’Ovidio Frank , Sonett Joshua , Stanifer Bryan P. , Lemaitre Philippe , Arcasoy Selim , Anderson Michaela R. 
Published: January 2021

Background.
Regional variation in lung transplantation practices due to local coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prevalence may cause geographic disparities in access to lung transplantation.

Methods.
Using the United Network for Organ Sharing registry, we conducted a descriptive analysis of lung transplant volume, donor lung volume, new waitlist activations, and waiting list deaths at high-volume lung transplant centers during the first 3 months of the pandemic (March 1. 2020, to May 30, 2020) and we compared it to the same period in the preceding 5 years.

Results.
Lung transplant volume decreased by 10% nationally and by a median of 50% in high COVID-19 prevalence centers (range –87% to 80%) compared with a median increase of 10% (range –87% to 80%) in low prevalence centers (P-for-trend 0.006). Donation services areas with high COVID-19 prevalence experienced a greater decrease in organ availability (-28% range, –72% to –11%) compared with low prevalence areas (+7%, range –20% to + 55%, P-for-trend 0.001). Waiting list activations decreased at 18 of 22 centers. Waiting list deaths were similar to the preceding 5 years and independent of local COVID-19 prevalence (P-for-trend 0.36).

Conclusions.
Regional variation in transplantation and donor availability in the early months of the pandemic varied by local COVID-19 activity.
Impaired sensory evidence accumulation and network function in Lewy body dementia
Authors: O’Callaghan Claire , Firbank Michael , Tomassini Alessandro , Schumacher Julia , O’Brien John T , Taylor John-Paul 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDeficits in attention underpin many of the cognitive and neuropsychiatric features of Lewy body dementia. These attention-related symptoms remain difficult to treat and there are many gaps in our understanding of their neurobiology. An improved understanding of attention-related impairments can be achieved via mathematical modelling approaches, which identify cognitive parameters to provide an intermediate level between observed behavioural data and its underlying neural correlate. Here, we apply this approach to identify the role of impaired sensory evidence accumulation in the attention deficits that characterise Lewy body dementia. In 31 people with Lewy body dementia (including 13 Parkinson’s disease dementia and 18 dementia with Lewy bodies cases), 16 people with Alzheimer’s disease, and 23 healthy controls, we administered an attention task whilst they underwent functional 3T MRI. Using hierarchical Bayesian estimation of a drift diffusion model, we decomposed task performance into drift rate and decision boundary parameters. We tested the hypothesis that the drift rate – a measure of the quality of sensory evidence accumulation – is specifically impaired in Lewy body dementia, compared to Alzheimer’s disease. We further explored whether trial-by-trial variations in the drift rate related to activity within the default and dorsal attention networks, to determine whether altered activity in these networks was associated with slowed drift rates in Lewy body dementia. Our results revealed slower drift rates in the Lewy body dementia compared to the Alzheimer’s disease group, whereas the patient groups were equivalent for their decision boundaries. The patient groups were reduced relative to controls for both parameters. This highlights sensory evidence accumulation deficits as a key feature that distinguishes attention impairments in Lewy body dementia, consistent with impaired ability to efficiently process information from the environment to guide behaviour. We also found that the drift rate was strongly related to activity in the dorsal attention network across all three groups, whereas the Lewy body dementia group showed a divergent relationship relative to the Alzheimer’s disease and control groups for the default network, consistent with altered default network modulation being associated with impaired evidence accumulation. Together, our findings reveal impaired sensory evidence accumulation as a specific marker of attention problems in Lewy body dementia, which may relate to large-scale network abnormalities. By identifying impairments in a specific sub-process of attention, these findings will inform future exploratory and intervention studies that aim to understand and treat attention-related symptoms that are a key feature of Lewy body dementia.
Targeting glucose metabolism sensitizes pancreatic cancer to MEK inhibition
Authors: Yan Liang , Tu Bo , Yao Jun , Gong Jing , Carugo Alessandro , Bristow Christopher A. , Wang Qiuyun , Zhu Cihui , Dai Bingbing , Kang Ya’an , Han Leng , Feng Ningping , Jin Yanqing , Fleming Jason , Heffernan Timothy P. , Yao Wantong , Ying Haoqiang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is almost universally lethal. A critical unmet need exists to explore essential susceptibilities in PDAC and identify druggable targets for tumor maintenance. This is especially challenging in the context of PDAC, in which activating mutations of KRAS oncogene (KRAS*) dominate the genetic landscape. By using an inducibleKrasG12D-drivenp53deficient PDAC mouse model (iKras model), we demonstrate that RAF-MEK-MAPK signaling is the major effector for oncogenic Kras-mediated tumor maintenance. However, MEK inhibition has minimal therapeutic effect as single agent for PDAC both in vitro and in vivo. Although MEK inhibition partially downregulates the transcription of glycolysis genes, it surprisingly fails to suppress the glycolysis flux in PDAC cell, which is a major metabolism effector of oncogenic KRAS. Accordingly, In vivo genetic screen identified multiple glycolysis genes as potential targets that may sensitize tumor cells to MAPK inhibition. Furthermore, inhibition of glucose metabolism with low dose 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) in combination with MEK inhibitor dramatically induces apoptosis in KrasG12D-driven PDAC cell in vitro, inhibits xenograft tumor growth and prolongs the overall survival of genetically engineered mouse PDAC model. Molecular and metabolism analyses indicate that co-targeting glycolysis and MAPK signaling results in apoptosis via induction of lethal ER stress. Together, our work suggests that combinatory inhibition of glycolysis and MAPK pathway may serve as an alternative approach to target KRAS-driven PDAC.
Inter- and intra-specific variation in hair cortisol concentrations of Neotropical bats
Authors: Sandoval-Herrera Natalia I. , Mastromonaco Gabriela F. , Becker Daniel J. , Simmons Nancy B. , Welch Kenneth C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractQuantifying hair cortisol has become popular in wildlife ecology for its practical advantages for evaluating health. Before hair cortisol levels can be reliably interpreted however, it is key to first understand the intrinsic factors explaining intra- and interspecific variation. Bats are an ecologically diverse group of mammals that allow studying such variation. Given that many bat species are threatened or have declining populations in parts of their range, non-invasive tools for monitoring colony health and identifying cryptic stressors are needed to efficiently direct conservation efforts. Here we describe intra- and interspecific sources of variation in hair cortisol levels in 18 Neotropical bat species from Mexico and Belize. We found that fecundity is an important ecological trait explaining interspecific variation in bat hair cortisol. Other ecological variables such as colony size, roost durability, and basal metabolic rate did not explain hair cortisol variation among species. At the individual level, females exhibited higher hair cortisol levels than males, and the effect of body mass varied among species. Overall, our findings help validate and accurately apply hair cortisol as a monitoring tool in free-ranging bats.
High regional and intra-generic variation in susceptibility to mass bleaching in Indo-Pacific coral species
Authors: Muir Paul R. , Done Terence , Aguirre J. David 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimMass bleaching is a major threat to reef-building corals and the ecosystems they underpin. Here, we identified regional variation in the nature of this threat in terms of the bleaching-susceptibility of individual coral species on some Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean reefs.Location22 sites in the central Great Barrier Reef, Australia (GBR) and 30 sites in the central Maldives Archipelago (MA).Time period2002 for the GBR and 2016 for the MA.Major taxa studiedCorals (Order Scleractinia).MethodsFollowing marine heat-wave conditions, timed in-situ surveys were used to record bleaching responses (tissue colour) of large samples of individual coral colonies. Responses of 106 shared species were analysed for sites with similar levels of temperature stress, depth of occurrence and mortality. In each region, phylogenetic mixed models were used to partition the effects on responses of species of deep-time phylogeny, contemporary history and local-scale, among-site variability.ResultsRelative susceptibility to bleaching varied widely between regions: only 27 of the 106 shared species were in the same quartile for relative susceptibility in both regions. Few species were highly susceptible in both regions. Closely related species varied widely in their individual susceptibilities. Phylogenetic effects were moderate in both regions, but contemporary phenotypic effects indicative of recent evolution and acclimatization were greater in the MA, consistent with a stronger history of recent bleaching.Main conclusionsThe high regional and intra-generic variation in coral bleaching-susceptibility described here suggests there may be important differences in the extent to which these Indian and Pacific Ocean coral populations are exhibiting responses to deep-time evolutionary changes on the one hand, versus recent adaptation, on the other. There is a concerning scarcity of this type of data, by which coral species most at risk from bleaching in particular regions may be more accurately identified.
Interhemispheric connectivity endures across species: An allometric exposé on the corpus callosum
Authors: Cipollini Ben , Cottrell Garrison W. 
Published: January 2021

Rilling & Insel have argued that in primates, bigger brains have proportionally fewer anatomical interhemispheric connections, leading to reduced functional connectivity between the hemispheres (1). They based this on a comparison between surface areas of the corpus callosum and cortex rather than estimating connection counts, while leaving out other quantities also dependent on brain size such as callosal fiber density, neuron density, and number of functional areas.We use data from the literature to directly estimate connection counts. First, we estimate callosal fiber density as a function of brain size. We validate this by comparing out-of-sample human data to our function’s estimate. We then mine the literature to obtain function estimates for all other quantities, and use them to estimate intra- and interhemispheric white matter connection counts as a function of brain size.The results show a much larger decrease in the scaling of interhemispheric to intrahemispheric connections than previously estimated. However, we hypothesize that raw connection counts are the wrong quantity to be estimating when considering functional connectivity. Instead, we hypothesize that functional connectivity is related to connection counts relative to the number of cortical areas.Accordingly, we estimate inter-area connection counts for intra- and interhemispheric connectivity and find no difference in how they scale with brain size. We find that, on average, an interhemispheric inter-area connection contains 3-8x more connections than an intrahemispheric inter-area connection, regardless of brain size. In doing so, we find that the fiber count of the human corpus callosum has been underestimated by 20%.Significance StatementThere are arguments in the literature that larger brains have proportionally fewer interhemispheric connections. We find that the decrease is even larger than previously estimated. However, we argue that this quantity is the wrong thing to measure: Rather, we should measure functional connectivity between cortical areas. We show that the ratio of interhemispheric and intrahemispheric connectivity between cortical areas is constant across mammalian species. These findings are consistent with a growing literature that suggest interhemispheric connectivity is special across all primate species.
Hydroxyapatite pellets as versatile model surfaces for systematic studies on enamel
Authors: Mischo Johannes , Faidt Thomas , McMillan Ryan B. , Dudek Johanna , Gunaratnam Gubesh , Bayenat Pardis , Holtsch Anne , Spengler Christian , Müller Frank , Hähl Hendrik , Bischoff Markus , Hannig Matthias , Jacobs Karin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractResearch into materials for medical application draws inspiration from naturally occurring or synthesized surfaces, just like many other research directions. For medical application of materials, particular attention has to be paid to biocompatibility, osseointegration and bacterial adhesion behavior. To understand their properties and behavior, experimental studies with natural materials such as teeth are strongly required. The results, however, may be highly case-dependent because natural surfaces have the disadvantage of being subject to wide variations, for instance in their chemical composition, structure, morphology, roughness, and porosity. A synthetic surface which mimics enamel in its performance with respect to bacterial adhesion and biocompatibility would, therefore, facilitate systematic studies much better. In this study, we discuss the possibility of using hydroxyapatite (HAp) pellets to simulate the surfaces of teeth and show the possibility and limitations of using a model surface. We performed single-cell force spectroscopy with singleStaphylococcus aureuscells to measure adhesion-related parameters such as adhesion force and rupture length of adhesins binding to HAp and enamel. We also examine the influence of blood plasma and saliva on the adhesion properties ofS. aureus. The results of these measurements are matched to water wettability, elemental composition of the samples and the change in the macromolecules adsorbed over time. We found that the adhesion properties ofS. aureuswere similar on both samples under all conditions: Significant decreases in adhesion strength were found equally in the presence of saliva or blood plasma on both surfaces. We therefore conclude that HAp pellets are a good alternative for natural dental material. This is especially true when slight variations in the physicochemical properties of the natural materials may affect the experimental series.