bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glioblastomas with primitive neuronal component harbor a distinct methylation and copy-number profile with inactivation of TP53, PTEN, and RB1
Authors: Suwala Abigail K. , Stichel Damian , Schrimpf Daniel , Maas Sybren L. N. , Sill Martin , Dohmen Hildegard , Banan Rouzbeh , Reinhardt Annekathrin , Sievers Philipp , Hinz Felix , Blattner-Johnson Mirjam , Hartmann Christian , Schweizer Leonille , Boldt Henning B. , Kristensen Bjarne Winther , Schittenhelm Jens , Wood Matthew D. , Chotard Guillaume , Bjergvig Rolf , Das Anirban , Tabori Uri , Hasselblatt Martin , Korshunov Andrey , Abdullaev Zied , Quezado Martha , Aldape Kenneth , Harter Patrick N. , Snuderl Matija , Hench Jürgen , Frank Stephan , Acker Till , Brandner Sebastian , Winkler Frank , Wesseling Pieter , Pfister Stefan M. , Reuss David E. , Wick Wolfgang , von Deimling Andreas , Jones David T. W. , Sahm Felix 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGlioblastoma IDH-wildtype presents with a wide histological spectrum. Some features are so distinctive that they are considered as separate histological variants or patterns for the purpose of classification. However, these usually lack defined (epi-)genetic alterations or profiles correlating with this histology. Here, we describe a molecular subtype with overlap to the unique histological pattern of glioblastoma with primitive neuronal component. Our cohort consists of 63 IDH-wildtype glioblastomas that harbor a characteristic DNA methylation profile. Median age at diagnosis was 59.5 years. Copy-number variations and genetic sequencing revealed frequent alterations in TP53, RB1 and PTEN, with fewer gains of chromosome 7 and homozygous CDKN2A/B deletions than usually described for IDH-wildtype glioblastoma. Gains of chromosome 1 were detected in more than half of the cases. A poorly differentiated phenotype with frequent absence of GFAP expression, high proliferation index and strong staining for p53 and TTF1 often caused misleading histological classification as carcinoma metastasis or primitive neuroectodermal tumor. Clinically, many patients presented with leptomeningeal dissemination and spinal metastasis. Outcome was poor with a median overall survival of only 12 months. Overall, we describe a new molecular subtype of IDH-wildtype glioblastoma with a distinct histological appearance and genetic signature.
Sequence diversity and evolution of a group of iflaviruses associated with ticks
Authors: Daveu Romain , Hervet Caroline , Sigrist Louane , Sassera Davide , Jex Aaron , Labadie Karine , Aury Jean-Marc , Plantard Olivier , Rispe Claude 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe studied a group of tick-associated viruses with characteristics of members of the family Iflaviridae, a family of viruses frequently found in arthropods. Our aim was to gain insight into the evolutionary dynamics of this group of viruses, which may be linked to the biology of ticks. We explored assembled RNA-Seq data sets for different species of ticks. We identified members of five different iflavirus species, four of them novel, and discovered nine new genome sequences, including variants. Five variants represented a virus species associated with Ixodes ricinus. Unexpectedly, a sequence found in the Ixodes scapularis cell line ISE6 was nearly identical to the sequences of I. ricinus variants, suggesting a contamination of this cell line by I. ricinus material. Analysing patterns of substitutions between these variants, we detected a strong excess of synonymous mutations, suggesting evolution under strong positive selection. The phylogenies of the viruses and of their tick hosts were not congruent, suggesting recurrent host changes across tick genera during their evolution. Overall, our work constitutes a step in the understanding of the interactions between this family of viruses and ticks.
Decompositions by sources and by subpopulations of the Pietra index: two applications to professional football teams in Italy
Authors: Porro Francesco , Zenga Mariangela 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper two innovative procedures for the decomposition of the Pietra index are proposed. The first one allows the decomposition by sources, while the second one provides the decomposition by subpopulations. As special case of the latter procedure, the “classical” decomposition in two components (within and between) can be easily obtained. A remarkable feature of both the proposed procedures is that they permit the assessment of the contribution to the Pietra index at the smallest possible level: each source for the first one and each subpopulation for the second one. To highlight the usefulness of these procedures, two applications are provided regarding Italian professional football (soccer) teams.
Artenschutz und Europarecht im Kontext der Windenergie – Der Klimaschutz und die Auslegung der Ausnahmeregelungen
der Vogelschutzrichtlinie
Authors: Hofmann Ekkehard 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungWährend die FFH-Richtlinie ein flexibles und durch die Rechtsprechung in vielen Einzelfragen
geklärtes Instrumentarium zur Rechtfertigung der Verletzung naturschutzrechtlicher Schutzvorschriften
enthält, werden die entsprechenden Ausnahmevorschriften der Vogelschutzrichtlinie von Vielen als erheblich
rigider empfunden. Das VG Gießen ging jüngst sogar soweit, die Erteilung einer Genehmigung für
eine Windenergieanlage aufzuheben, weil die Anlage trotz aller Vorkehrungen zum Schutz der Vögel deren
Tötungsrisiko signifikant erhöht hätte. Das gibt Anlass, der Frage nachzugehen, ob und inwieweit
das Artenschutzrecht dem Ausbau der Windenergie tatsächlich substanzielle und möglicherweise einschneidende
Grenzen setzt. Der Beitrag gelangt zu dem Ergebnis, dass die Vogelschutzrichtlinie bei näherer Analyse
durchaus Möglichkeiten bietet, eine praktische Konkordanz der gegenläufigen Zielsetzungen zu erreichen.
Joint desirability foundations of social choice and opinion pooling
Authors: Casanova Arianna , Miranda Enrique , Zaffalon Marco 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe develop joint foundations for the fields of social choice and opinion pooling using coherent sets of desirable gambles, a general uncertainty model that allows to encompass both complete and incomplete preferences. This leads on the one hand to a new perspective of traditional results of social choice (in particular Arrow’s theorem as well as sufficient conditions for the existence of an oligarchy and democracy) and on the other hand to using the same framework to analyse opinion pooling. In particular, we argue that weak Pareto (unanimity) should be given the status of a rationality requirement and use this to discuss the aggregation of experts’ opinions based on probability and (state-independent) utility, showing some inherent limitation of this framework, with implications for statistics. The connection between our results and earlier work in the literature is also discussed.
A Numerical Study of the Global Instability in Counter-Current Homogeneous Density Incompressible Round Jets
Authors: Wawrzak Karol , Boguslawski Andrzej , Tyliszczak Artur 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe paper focuses on a global instability phenomenon in counter-current round jets issuing from co-axial nozzles. Three different configurations that differ in a way of the counter flow generation are investigated. Besides typical configurations used in experimental and numerical research performed so far, in which suction applied in an annular nozzle is a driving force for the counterflow, a novel set-up is proposed where the annular nozzle is oriented in the opposite direction and placed above the main one. Such a configuration eliminates the suction of fluid from the main jet, which in previous research was found to have a destructive impact on the occurrence of the global flow instability. The research is performed using a large eddy simulation (LES) method and the computations are carried out applying a high-order numerical code, the accuracy of which has been proven in previous works and also in the present research through comparisons with available experimental data. The research is complemented by the linear stability analysis which supports the LES results and formulated conclusions. In agreement with a number of the previous works it has been shown that the global modes can be triggered only when the velocity ratio (I) between the main jet velocity and the velocity of the jet issuing from the annular nozzle is above a certain threshold level ($$I_{\text {cr}}$$Icr). It has been shown that in the classical configurations of the co-axial nozzles the range of$$I\ge I_{\text {cr}}$$I≥Icrfor which the global instability phenomenon exists is very narrow and it disappears for larger velocity ratios. Reasons for that have been identified through detailed scrutiny of instantaneous flow pictures. In the new set-up of the nozzles the global instability persists for a significantly wider range ofI. It has been shown that$$I_{\text {cr}}$$Icrdepends on both the momentum thickness of the mixing layer formed between the counter-current streams and the applied configuration of the nozzles. The LES results univocally showed that the latter factor decides on the type of the instability mode (Mode I or Mode II) that emerges in the flow, as it directly influences on a length of the region where the counter-current streams are parallel allowing the growth of short or long wave disturbances characteristic for Mode I and Mode II, respectively.
Social Media Screening and Procedural Justice: Towards Fairer Use of Social Media in Selection
Authors: Vosen Eva 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCompanies have started using social media for screening applicants in the selection process. Thereby, they enter a low-cost source of information on applicants, which potentially allows them to hire the right person on the job and avoid irresponsible employee behaviour and negligent hiring lawsuits. However, a number of ethical issues are associated with this practice, which give rise to the question of the fairness of social media screening. This article aims to provide an assessment of the procedural justice of social media screening and to articulate recommendations for a fairer use of social media in the selection process. To achieve this, a systematic literature review of research articles pertaining to social media screening has been conducted. Thereby, the benefits and ethical issues relating to social media screening, as well as recommendations for its use have been extracted and discussed against Leventhal’s (1980) rules of procedural justice. It turns out that without clear guidelines for recruiters, social media screening cannot be considered procedurally fair, as it opens up way too many opportunities for infringements on privacy, unfair discrimination, and adverse selection based on inaccurate information. However, it is possible to enhance the fairness of this practice by establishing clear policies and procedures to standardize the process.
Nanoscale phase separations in as-fabricated thick super duplex stainless steels
Authors: Hosseini Vahid A. , Lindgren Kristina , Thuvander Mattias , Gonzalez Daniel , Oliver James , Karlsson Leif 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNanoscale phase separations, and effects of these, were studied for thick super duplex stainless steel products by atom probe tomography and mechanical testing. Although nanoscale phase separations typically occur during long-time service at intermediate temperatures (300–500° C, our results show that slowly cooled products start to develop Fe and Cr separation and/or precipitation of Cu-rich particles already during fabrication. Copper significantly slowed down the kinetics at the expense of Cu-rich particle precipitation, where the high-copper material subjected to hot isostatic pressing (HIP), with Δt500–400 of 160 s and the low-copper hot-rolled plate with Δt500–400 of 2 s had the same level of Fe and Cr separation. The phase separations resulted in lower toughness and higher hardness of the HIP material than for hot-rolled plate. Therefore, both local cooling rate dependent and alloy composition governed variations of phase separations can be expected in as-fabricated condition.
A comparison theorem for cosmological lightcones
Authors: Carfora Mauro , Familiari Francesca 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLet (M, g) denote a cosmological spacetime describing the evolution of a universe which is isotropic and homogeneous on large scales, but highly inhomogeneous on smaller scales. We consider two past lightcones, the first,$${{\mathcal {C}}_{L}^{-}}(p, g)$$CL-(p,g), is associated with the physical observer$$p\in \,M$$p∈Mwho describes the actual physical spacetime geometry of (M, g) at the length scaleL, whereas the second,$${\mathcal {C}_{L}^{-}}(p, \hat{g})$$CL-(p,g^), is associated with an idealized version of the observerpwho, notwithstanding the presence of local inhomogeneities at the given scaleL, wish to model (M, g) with a member$$(M, \hat{g})$$(M,g^)of the family of Friedmann–Lemaitre–Robertson–Walker spacetimes. In such a framework, we discuss a number of mathematical results that allows a rigorous comparison between the two lightcones$${\mathcal {C}_{L}^{-}}(p, g)$$CL-(p,g)and$${\mathcal {C}_{L}^{-}}(p, \hat{g})$$CL-(p,g^). In particular, we introduce a scale-dependent (L) lightcone-comparison functional, defined by a harmonic type energy, associated with a natural map between the physical$${\mathcal {C}_{L}^{-}}(p, g)$$CL-(p,g)and the FLRW reference lightcone$${\mathcal {C}_{L}^{-}}(p, \hat{g})$$CL-(p,g^). This functional has a number of remarkable properties, in particular it vanishes iff, at the given length-scale, the corresponding lightcone surface sections (the celestial spheres) are isometric. We discuss in detail its variational analysis and prove the existence of a minimum that characterizes a natural scale-dependent distance functional between the two lightcones. We also indicate how it is possible to extend our results to the case when caustics develop on the physical past lightcone$${\mathcal {C}_{L}^{-}}(p, g)$$CL-(p,g). Finally, by exploiting causal diamond theory, we show how the distance functional is related (to leading order in the scaleL) to spacetime scalar curvature in the causal past of the two lightcones, and briefly illustrate a number of its possible applications.
Dynamic microhabitat shifts in space and time of caddisfly larvae (Insecta: Trichoptera) in a first‐order calcareous mountain stream
Authors: Martini Jan , Waringer Johann 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBy studying substrate (choriotope) preferences of 25 caddisfly taxa in the Schreierbach stream, a calcareous, first order tributary of the Ybbs river (Lower Austria), we aimed on (1) detecting microhabitat preferences in space and time, (2) to relate this information with ontogenetic choriotope shifts, and (3) to explore relationships between feeding guilds and choriotopes chosen. For this, we took six sets of bi-monthly multi-habitat samples of larvae at three stream sections (360 samples). Densities were highest in Drusinae juveniles (53.60 %), Micrasema morosum (15.14 %), Drusus discolor (13.31 %) and D. monticola (4.46 %), and were significantly higher in the upper stream section (1900 ± 1039 larvae m− 2) than in the central (205 ± 23) and lower (141 ± 22). Ivlev electivity indices revealed preferences for Macrolithal in Rhyacophila spp. and Tinodes dives, for Microlithal in Drusinae juveniles, for Megalithal and Phytal in filtering Drusinae and Micrasema, and for Xylal and Akal in Limnephilinae. A cluster analysis of choriotope electivity yielded five clusters, corresponding with functional feeding types. At the instar level, the chosen grain size increased with increasing instar in some species. Observed habitat shifts in space and time reflected the interaction of instar-specific choriotope choice and longitudinal translocations.
The response of groundwater to multiple concerning drivers and its future: a study on Birbhum District, West Bengal, India
Authors: Das Niladri , Sutradhar Subhasish , Ghosh Ranajit , Mondal Prolay , Islam Sadikul 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGroundwater and its upcoming crisis are the present-day concern of the scientist. This research mainly focuses on responses of groundwater dynamicity to some important drivers, viz. agricultural yield, groundwater irrigated area, groundwater draft, landuse/landcover, and stage of development. The result of this study has been done under three sections. In the first section, the spatiality of groundwater has been discussed where it has been noticed that the western side of the district groundwater level is near the surface due to low drafting and low agricultural yield. Moreover, hard rock geology in the western part disappoints the drilling process. On the eastern part, rich alluvial soil influences high agricultural yield hence groundwater level lowering down rapidly. In the second section, the nature of groundwater levels has been analyzed through the boxplot, and cluster diagram, where boxplots have been drawn over different geological facies, which depicts groundwater is highly fluctuating in hard clay geology. For example, high agricultural intensity and high groundwater draft is the characteristic feature of hard clay geology. The dendrogram in cluster analysis represents a homogeneous groundwater level fluctuating station in three different time series. Last section deals with the future of groundwater level where an artificial neural network (ANN) model has been applied to extract the predicted groundwater level for 2030. This type of environmental analysis, such as groundwater fluctuations in relation to different sensitive parameters and the use of a machine learning model, would aid potential researchers and communities in making wise groundwater use decisions.
A regularity result for minimal configurations of a free interface problem
Authors: Lamberti Lorenzo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe prove a regularity result for minimal configurations of variational problems involving both bulk and surface energies in some bounded open region$$\varOmega \subseteq {\mathbb {R}}^n$$Ω⊆Rn. We will deal with the energy functional$${\mathscr {F}}(v,E):=\int _\varOmega [F(\nabla v)+1_E G(\nabla v)+f_E(x,v)]\,dx+P(E,\varOmega )$$F(v,E):=∫Ω[F(∇v)+1EG(∇v)+fE(x,v)]dx+P(E,Ω). The bulk energy depends on a functionvand its gradient$$\nabla v$$∇v. It consists in two strongly quasi-convex functionsFandG, which have polinomialp-growth and are linked with theirp-recession functions by a proximity condition, and a function$$f_E$$fE, whose absolute valuesatisfies aq-growth condition from above. The surface penalization term is proportional to the perimeter of a subsetEin$$\varOmega $$Ω. The term$$f_E$$fEis allowed to be negative, but an additional condition on the growth from below is needed to prove the existence of a minimal configuration of the problem associated with$${\mathscr {F}}$$F. The same condition turns out to be crucial in the proof of the regularity result as well. If (u, A) is a minimal configuration, we prove thatuis locally Hölder continuous andAis equivalent to an open set$${\tilde{A}}$$A~. We finally get$$P(A,\varOmega )={\mathscr {H}}^{n-1}(\partial {\tilde{A}}\cap \varOmega $$P(A,Ω)=Hn-1(∂A~∩Ω).
Complexes of tournaments, directionality filtrations and persistent homology
Authors: Govc Dejan , Levi Ran , Smith Jason P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractComplete digraphs are referred to in the combinatorics literature as tournaments. We consider a family of semi-simplicial complexes, that we refer to as “tournaplexes”, whose simplices are tournaments. In particular, given a digraph $${\mathcal {G}}$$
G
, we associate with it a “flag tournaplex” which is a tournaplex containing the directed flag complex of $${\mathcal {G}}$$
G
, but also the geometric realisation of cliques that are not directed. We define several types of filtrations on tournaplexes, and exploiting persistent homology, we observe that flag tournaplexes provide finer means of distinguishing graph dynamics than the directed flag complex. We then demonstrate the power of these ideas by applying them to graph data arising from the Blue Brain Project’s digital reconstruction of a rat’s neocortex.
Healthcare Experiences of Individuals With Persistent Genital Arousal Disorder/Genito-Pelvic Dysesthesia
Authors: Jackowich Robyn A. , Boyer Stéphanie C. , Bienias Samantha , Chamberlain Susan , Pukall Caroline F. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Persistent genital arousal disorder/genito-pelvic dysesthesia (PGAD/GPD) is a distressing condition characterized by persistent, unwanted sensations of genital arousal (eg, feelings of being on the verge of orgasm, and of lubrication, swelling, tingling, throbbing) that occur in the absence of sexual desire. Although PGAD/GPD is associated with significant impairments in psychosocial functioning, the healthcare (HC) experiences of affected individuals are not well understood.

Aim
The aims of this study were to examine the barriers to HC, the costs of HC, and the associations among HC experiences, symptoms, and psychosocial outcomes in those with PGAD/GPD symptoms.

Methods
One hundred and thirteen individuals with PGAD/GPD symptoms completed an online, cross-sectional self-report questionnaire about their HC history and experiences.

Main Outcome Measures
Self-reported HC barriers, and financial costs associated with PGAD/GPD HC. Validated measures of HC experiences (eg, comfort communicating with HC practitioners [HCPs]), and psychosocial (eg, depression, anxiety) and PGAD/GPD symptom outcomes.

Results
The majority of participants (56.6%) reported waiting at least 6 months to seek HC for PGAD/GPD symptoms. Those who sought HC approached many HCPs (46.0% approached 6+ HCPs). Several barriers to HC were identified (eg, lack of HCP knowledge of PGAD/GPD), and high costs were reported. A series of multiple linear regression analyses found an association between HC experiences, psychosocial, and symptom outcomes. Specifically, decreased comfort communicating with one's HCP was associated with greater depressive and anxiety symptoms.

Conclusion
High costs and numerous barriers to seeking HC for PGAD/GPD symptoms were identified, and discomfort communicating with an HCP about PGAD/GPD was associated with increased symptoms of depression and anxiety. These results highlight the need for more awareness of this condition in order to improve care for this population.