bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combinatorial methods for testing Internet of Things smart home systems
Authors: Garn Bernhard , Schreiber Dominik‐Philip , Simos Dimitris E. , Kuhn Rick , Voas Jeff , Kacker Raghu 
Published: December 2021

SummaryIn this paper, we report on applying combinatorial testing to Internet of Things (IoT) home automation hub systems. We detail how to create a dedicated input parameter model of an IoT home automation hub system for use with combinatorial test case generation strategies. Further, we developed an automated test execution framework and two test oracles for evaluation purposes. We applied and evaluated our proposed methodological approach to a real‐world IoT system and analysed the obtained results of various combinatorial test sets with different properties generated based on the derived input model. Additionally, we compare these results to a random testing approach. Our empirical testing evaluations revealed multiple errors in the tested devices and also showed that all considered approaches performed nearly equally well.
The longitudinal response of prestressed cylinder concrete pipe with bell–spigot joints subjected to normal fault
Authors: Li Yanlong , Li Weimei , Wen Lifeng , Li Yang , Li Kangping , Zhang Ye 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBuried pipelines inevitably pass through complicated geological areas because of their wide coverage. A three‐dimensional numerical model subjected to normal fault considering the geometrical and mechanical properties of the bell–spigot joint in Prestressed Concrete Cylinder Pipe (PCCP) is proposed to analyze the effects of location, displacement, and dip angle of fault on the rotation angle and axial translation of bell–spigot joints as well as the effects on the deformation of pipe bodies. At a dip angle of 90°, the maximum joint rotation angle and pipe deformation are larger when the relative location of fault and joints is under the odd configuration than under the even configuration. The kinematic characteristics of joints and the mechanical characteristics of pipe bodies on the moving side are opposite to those on the stationary side. The amount of offset has a significant impact on the longitudinal response of the pipeline. The rotation angle and axial translation of the joints on both sides of the fault increase with increasing fault displacement. When the offset reaches 270 mm, the joint rotation angle is 1.05°, which exceeds the specification limit of 1°. On the basis of numerical results, the simplified estimate of the maximum rotation angle is improved, and the error is reduced to 3%. With the increase of fault dip angle, the affected area gradually moves left to the fixed part. When the dip angle is 75°–90°, the pipeline longitudinal response is large, which is unfavorable to the pipeline safety.
Sonochemical preparation and characterization of Sm‐doped GO/KSrPO4 nanocomposite photocatalyst for degradation of methylene blue dye
Authors: Bajpai Jyotsna S. , Barai Divya P. , Bhanvase Bharat A. , Pawade Vijay B. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe present work pertains to synthesis of Sm‐doped GO/KSrPO4 (GO/KSrPO4:Sm) nanocomposite using ultrasound‐assisted method. Successful decoration of graphene oxide sheets with the KSrPO4:Sm3+ phosphor was confirmed using analysis techniques including SEM, EDS, UV/visible spectrometry, XRD, and FTIR of the prepared GO/KSrPO4:Sm nanocomposite. Further, photocatalytic activity of this nanocomposite material was studied by examining degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye from water. The effects of several parameters like concentration of Sm3+ in KSrPO4:Sm3+ phosphor within the GO/KSrPO4:Sm nanocomposite photocatalyst, photocatalyst loading, initial dye concentration, pH, and preparation method were evaluated. At a higher concentration of Sm3+ in the photocatalyst (1 mol.%), higher photocatalyst loading (1.5 mg/ml), lesser dye concentration (20 mg/L), and higher pH (11.4), the GO/KSrPO4:Sm nanocomposite photocatalyst prepared using ultrasound‐assisted method showed higher dye removal compared to other conditions. A maximum of 83.35% removal of MB dye was achieved by the use of ultrasonically prepared GO/KSrPO4:Sm nanocomposite photocatalyst having a concentration of 1 mol.% of Sm3+ in the KSrPO4:Sm3+ phosphor at a loading of 1.5 mg/ml, initial dye concentration of 20 mg/L, and a pH of 11.4. Rate constant for MB dye degradation using the GO/KSrPO4:Sm nanocomposite photocatalyst synthesized by ultrasonic‐assisted method was found to be 0.0053 min−1.Practitioner Points
GO/KSrPO4:Sm nanocomposite photocatalyst prepared by ultrasonic‐assisted method.
Higher Sm3+ doping in nanocomposite with the use of ultrasound assisted method showed better performance of photocatalyst.
A maximum removal of 83.35% of methylene blue dye was achieved.
Strategies for sustained drug release from electrospun multi‐layer nanostructures
Authors: Yu Deng‐Guang , Wang Menglong , Ge Ruiliang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAmong different kinds of modified release profiles, sustained drug release (SDR) has received the most attention due to its capability to provide a “safe, efficacious, and convenient” drug delivery effect. Electrospun nanofibers have shown their popularity in this interdisciplinary field, as demonstrated by the first reports about SDRs on drug delivery applications of blended nanofibers and core–shell nanofibers. Along with the evolution of electrospinning from a single‐fluid blending process to coaxial, tri‐axial, side‐by‐side, and other multi‐fluid processes, more multi‐chamber nanostructures can be created through a single‐step straight forward manner. These multi‐chamber nanostructures can act as a powerful platform to support a wide variety of new strategies for the development of novel SDR nanomaterials. Thus, this review describes a combination history of electrospinning and SDR and its further development trend. After a summary of the presently popular multi‐chamber core–shell nanostructures, 15 strategies for furnishing SDR profiles are categorized and exemplified. The perspectives of electrospun multi‐chamber nanostructures for further promoting SDR are narrated.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Modified gravity with disappearing cosmological constant
Authors: Granda L. N. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
New corrections to General Relativity are considered in the context of modified f(R) gravity, that satisfy cosmological and local gravity constraints. The proposed models behave asymptotically as R − 2Λ at large curvature and show the vanishing of the cosmological constant at the flat spacetime limit. The chameleon mechanism and thin shell restrictions for local systems were analyzed, and bounds on the models were found. The steepness of the deviation parameter m at late times leads to measurable signal of scalar-tensor regime in matter perturbations, that allows to detect departures form the ΛCDM model. The theoretical results for the evolution of the weighted growth rate fσ8(z), from the proposed models, were analyzed.
On the Existence of Linearly Oscillating Galaxies
Authors: Hadžić Mahir , Rein Gerhard , Straub Christopher 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe consider two classes of steady states of the three-dimensional, gravitational Vlasov-Poisson system: the spherically symmetric Antonov-stable steady states (including the polytropes and the King model) and their plane symmetric analogues. We completely describe the essential spectrum of the self-adjoint operator governing the linearized dynamics in the neighborhood of these steady states. We also show that for the steady states under consideration, there exists a gap in the spectrum. We then use a version of the Birman-Schwinger principle first used by Mathur to derive a general criterion for the existence of an eigenvalue inside the first gap of the essential spectrum, which corresponds to linear oscillations about the steady state. It follows in particular that no linear Landau damping can occur in the neighborhood of steady states satisfying our criterion. Verification of this criterion requires a good understanding of the so-called period function associated with each steady state. In the plane symmetric case we verify the criterion rigorously, while in the spherically symmetric case we do so under a natural monotonicity assumption for the associated period function. Our results explain the pulsating behavior triggered by perturbing such steady states, which has been observed numerically.
Marine turf of an invasive alga expels lugworms from the lower shore
Authors: Reise Karsten , Lackschewitz Dagmar , Wegner K. Mathias 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBare sandy flats at and below low tide level of the Wadden Sea (eastern North Sea, European Atlantic) were observed in 2020 to have been invaded by an introduced grass-like alga,Vaucheriacf.velutina(Xanthophyceae). A dense algal turf accumulated and stabilized mud, where resident seniors of the lugwormArenicola marinahad reworked rippled sand.Algae and worms were incompatible. Initially, rising patches with algal turf alternated with bare pits where lugworms crowded. Their bioturbation inhibited young algae, while the felt of established algal rhizoids clogged feeding funnels of worm burrows. Eventually, a mosaic pattern of competitors gave way to a coherent algal turf without lugworms. Concomitantly, a rich small-sized benthic fauna took advantage of the novel algal turf. This exoticVaucheriamay have the potential for drastically altering the ecological web at the lower shore.
Isokinetic and functional shoulder outcomes after arthroscopic capsulolabral stabilization
Authors: Breborowicz Ewa , Lubiatowski Przemyslaw , Jokiel Marta , Breborowicz Maciej , Stefaniak Jakub , Zygmunt Adam , Wojtaszek Marcin , Kaczmarek Piotr , Romanowski Leszek 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Shoulder stability is secured by dynamic and static stabilizers. Rotator cuff is responsible for dynamic stabilization. In cases of shoulder instability their activity is disturbed. Capsulolabral repair restores mainly static stabilization. This surgery treatment technique of shoulder instability was first described by Bankart in 1923. His idea, with further modifications, is commonly used up to this day. Evaluation of muscle shoulder recovery after stabilization should be one of the important criteria to allow patient to return to sport and work. However, not much isokinetic assessment after capsulolabral repair was described. The aim of this study were the following: the comparative assessment of the shoulder rotatory strength in patients following arthroscopic capsulolabral repair of unilateral anterior traumatic instability and clinical assessment with comparison of pre and post-operative results.

Material and methods
Forty-five patients, 14 women and 31 men, with an average follow-up of 4.4 years were tested bilaterally for internal and external rotation strength at four angular velocities. ASES and UCLA tests were collected before and after surgery.

Results
The values of peak moment and muscle power parameters were slightly lower for an operated shoulder in comparison to a healthy shoulder for the external rotation. Total work parameter in external rotation was significantly lower for the operated shoulder in comparison to the non-operated side. The internal/external muscle group balance was lower for the operated shoulder in comparison to reference values in the women group. Furthermore, both ASES and UCLA scores were significantly higher after operation.

Conclusions
After arthroscopic capsulolabral shoulder stabilization, slight differences in isokinetic evaluation, especially in external shoulder rotation, occur. It affects rotators muscle balance. In functional evaluation significant improvement in shoulder function occurs.
A novel anatomo-physiologic high-grade spondylolisthesis model to evaluate L5 nerve stretch injury after spondylolisthesis reduction
Authors: Ishak Basem , Pierre Clifford A. , Ansari Darius , Lachkar Stefan , von Glinski Alexander , Unterberg Andreas W. , Oskouian Rod J. , Chapman Jens R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractL5 nerve palsy is a well-known complication following reduction of high-grade spondylolisthesis. While several mechanisms for its occurrence have been proposed, the hypothesis of L5 nerve root strain or displacement secondary to mechanical reduction remains poorly studied. The aim of this cadaveric study is to determine changes in morphologic parameters of the L5 nerve root during simulated intraoperative reduction of high-grade spondylolisthesis. A standard posterior approach to the lumbosacral junction was performed in eight fresh-frozen cadavers with lumbosacral or lumbopelvic screw fixation. Wide decompressions of the spinal canal and L5 nerve roots with complete facetectomies were accomplished with full exposure of the L5 nerve roots. A 100% translational slip was provoked by release of the iliolumbar ligaments and cutting the disc with the attached anterior longitudinal ligament. To evaluate the path of the L5 nerves during reduction maneuvers, metal bars were inserted bilaterally at the inferomedial aspects of the L5 pedicle at a distance of 10 mm from the midpoint of the L5 pedicle screws. There was no measurable change in length of the L5 nerve roots after 50% and 100% reduction of spondylolisthesis. Mechanical strain or displacement during reduction is an unlikely cause of L5 nerve root injury. Further anatomical or physiological studies are necessary to explore alternative mechanisms of L5 nerve palsy in the setting of high-grade spondylolisthesis correction, and surgeons should favor extensive surgical decompression of the L5 nerve roots when feasible.
P2X7 receptor: the regulator of glioma tumor development and survival
Authors: Matyśniak Damian , Chumak Vira , Nowak Natalia , Kukla Artur , Lehka Lilya , Oslislok Magdalena , Pomorski Paweł 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
P2X7 is an ionotropic nucleotide receptor, forming the cation channel upon ATP stimulation. It can also function as a large membrane pore as well as transmit ATP-dependent signal without forming a channel at all. P2X7 activity in somatic cells is well-known, but remains poorly studied in glioma tumors. The current paper presents the comprehensive study of P2X7 activity in C6 and glioma cell line showing the wide range of effects the receptor has on glioma biology. We observed that P2X7 stimulation boosts glioma cell proliferation and increases cell viability. P2X7 activation promoted cell adhesion, mitochondria depolarization, and reactive oxygen species overproduction in C6 cells. P2X7 receptor also influenced glioma tumor growth in vivo via activation of pro-survival signaling pathways and ATP release. Treatment with Brilliant Blue G, a selective P2X7 antagonist, effectively inhibited glioma tumor development; decreased the expression of negative prognostic cancer markers pro-survival and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins; and modulated the immune response toward glioma tumor in vivo. Finally, pathway-specific enrichment analysis of the microarray data from human patients also showed an upregulation of P2X7 receptor in gliomas from grades I to III. The presented results shed more light on the role of P2X7 receptor in the biology of this disease.
Pigments—Lead-based whites, reds, yellows and oranges and their alteration phases
Authors: Gliozzo Elisabetta , Ionescu Corina 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis review summarises the state-of-the-art of lead-based pigment studies, addressing their production, trade, use and possible alteration. Other issues, such as those related to the investigation and protection of artworks bearing lead-based pigments are also presented. The focus is mineralogical, as both raw materials and degradation products are mineral phases occurring in nature (except for very few cases). The minerals described are abellaite, anglesite, blixite, caledonite, challacolloite, cerussite, cotunnite, crocoite, galena, grootfonteinite, hydrocerussite, laurionite, leadhillite, litharge, macphersonite, massicot, mimetite, minium, palmierite, phosgenite, plattnerite, plumbonacrite, schulténite, scrutinyite, somersetite, susannite, vanadinite and an unnamed phase (PbMg(CO3)2). The pigments discussed are lead white, red lead, litharge, massicot, lead-tin yellow, lead-tin-antimony yellow, lead-chromate yellow and Naples yellow. An attempt is made to describe the history, technology and alteration of these pigments in the most complete manner possible, despite the topic's evident breadth. Finally, an insight into the analytical methods that can (and should) be used for accurate archaeometric investigations and a summary of key concepts conclude this review, along with a further list of references for use as a starting point for further research.
To be or not to be: reassessing the origins of portable art in the Cantabrian Region (Northern Spain)
Authors: Rivero Olivia , Salazar Sergio , Mateo-Pellitero Ana María , Bustos Paula García , Garate Diego , Rios-Garaizar Joseba 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe characterization of the first portable artistic depictions in Cantabrian Spain is crucial for comprehension of the symbolic development of Neandertals and Homo sapiens in the context of the passage from the Middle to the Upper Paleolithic. However, despite the importance of these first graphic representations, their study has tended to lack the application of suitable methodologies to be able to discriminate between graphic activity and other kind of alterations (use-wear, taphonomic, or post-depositional). The present study has examined a significant sample of Middle and Upper Paleolithic lithic and osseous objects from Cantabrian Spain that have been cited as evidence of graphic activity in the literature. The contexts in which the objects were found have been considered, and the objects have been analyzed through the microscopic observation of the marks to distinguish between incisions, pecking, and engraving made for a non-functional purpose (graphic activity) and those generated by diverse functional actions or taphonomic processes (cutmarks, trampling, root marks, percussion scars, and use-wear). The results show that some regional Middle Paleolithic osseous objects display incisions that are neither functional nor taphonomic and whose characteristics are similar to graphic evidence attributed to Neandertals in Europe and the Near East. In turn, the first portable art produced by Homo sapiens in the Cantabrian Spain seems to be limited mostly to linear signs, and no figurative representation can be recognized until the Gravettian. This appears to indicate a particular idiosyncrasy of the region in the Early Upper Paleolithic, which, in comparison with other regions such as south-west France and the Swabian Jura, shows a later and less abundant production of portable art.
Bipolar Membrane and Water Splitting in Electrodialysis
Authors: Miesiac Ireneusz , Rukowicz Beata 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe traditional view of the conductivity of electrolytes is based on the mobility of ions in an electric field. A new concept of water conductivity introduces an electron–hole mechanism known from semiconductor theory. The electrolyte ions in the hydrogen bond network of water imitate the structure of a doped silicon lattice. The source of the current carriers is the electrode reaction generating H+ and OH− ions. The continuity of current flow is provided through the electron–hole mechanism, and the movement of electrolyte ions is only a side process. Bipolar membrane in the semiconductor approach is an electrochemical diode forward biased. Generation of large amounts of H+ and OH− has to be considered as a result of current flow and does not require any increase in the water dissociation rate. Bipolar membranes are essential in electrodialysis stacks for the recovery of acids and bases by salt splitting.
Graphic Abstract
Optimization of hydraulic fracturing treatment in tight sand reservoir of lower indus basin: an integrated approach
Authors: Ali Faizan , Chaudhry Muhammad Hassaan , Khan Muhammad Arqam , Ahmed Qazi Ismail 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAn approach for post-frac production profiling has been presented in this study by integrating a fracture model with a reservoir simulation model for a well drilled in tight sand reservoir of Lower Indus Basin in Pakistan. The presented integrated approach couples the output from the fracture growth model with a reservoir simulation model to effectively predict the behavior of a fractured reservoir. Optimization of hydraulic fracturing was done efficiently through the work presented in this study. The integrated model was used to perform various sensitivities. The production profiles obtained for each case were subsequently used to determine the most profitable case, using an economic model.
Characterization based machine learning modeling for the prediction of the rheological properties of water-based drilling mud: an experimental study on grass as an environmental friendly additive
Authors: Ismail Atif , Rashid Hafiz Muhammad Awais , Gholami Raoof , Raza Arshad 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe successful drilling operation depends upon the achievement of target drilling attributes within the environmental and economic constraints but this is not possible only on the basis of laboratory testing due to the limitation of time and resources. The chemistry of the mud decides its rheological potential and selection of the techniques required for recycling operations. Conductivity, pH, and photometer testing were performed for the physio-chemical characterization of the grass to be used as an environmental friendly drilling mud additive. In this study, different particle sizes (75, 150, and 300 µm) of grass powder were mixed in mud density of 8.5, 8.6, and 8.7 ppg in the measurement of gel strength and viscosity of drilling mud. The grass additive was added in different weight conditions considering no additive, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 g to assess the contribution of grass on the gel strength and viscosity of the drilling mud. The machine learning techniques (Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis, Artificial Neural Network, Support Vector Machine Regression, k-Nearest Neighbor, Decision Stump, Random Forest, and Random Tree approaches) were applied to the generated rheological data. The results of the study show that grass can be used for the improvement of the gel strength and viscosity of the drilling mud. The highest improvement of the viscosity was seen when grass powder of 150 µm was added in the 8.7 ppg drilling mud in 0.25, 0.5, and 1 g weights. The gel strength of the drilling mud was improved when the grass additive was added to the drilling mud 8.7 ppg. Random forest and Artificial Neural Network had the same results of 0.72 regression coefficient (R2) for the estimation of viscosity of the drilling mud. The random tree was found as the most effective technique for the modeling of gel strength at 10 min (GS_10min) of the drilling mud. The predictions of Artificial Neural Network had 0.92 R2 against the measured gel strength at 10 s (GS_10sec) of the drilling mud. On average, Artificial Neural Network predicted the rheological properties of the mud with the highest accuracy as compared to other machine learning approaches. The work may serve as a key source to estimate the net effect of grass additives for the improvement of the gel strength and viscosity of the drilling mud without the performance of any large number of laboratory tests.