bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of syn‐ to early post‐rift facies in rift basins: insights from the Cretaceous–Paleocene of the Great South Basin, New Zealand
Authors: Sahoo Tusar R. , Strogen Dominic P. , Browne Greg H. , Nicol Andrew 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEvolution of rift basin fill and geometry depend on the complex interactions between fault growth, sediment supply, base level changes and pre‐existing basement fabric. This study integrates multiple datasets in the Great South Basin (GSB), southeast New Zealand, and provides key insights into the evolution of depositional environments in rift basins, including the interplay between normal faulting, sediment supply and sediment dispersal patterns. It also examines the control of pre‐existing basement fabric on rift geometry and sediment distribution in the syn‐ and post rift successions. The syn‐rift is up to ~5.5 km thick in the GSB, and is underlain by several different basement terranes. Three syn‐rift stages are recognised; c.105–101, 101–90 and 90–83 Ma. During the initial syn‐rift, isolated northeast‐trending graben developed, with resultant alluvial fan/fan delta, fluvial, coastal and lacustrine sediment fill. The balance between sediment supply and accommodation space exerted considerable control on facies, especially the presence of lacustrine facies. During the later stages of syn‐rift, marine transgression occurred and connectivity between the graben developed, with shelfal, shoreface and marginal‐marine facies deposited. With marine transgression across the hinterland, sediment supply was significantly reduced in the northeast of the basin, leading to underfilling of graben, and preservation of rift topography for up to ~20 Myr after the cessation of faulting. In the west, where sediment supply was higher, rift topography was quickly filled. The NW‐trending basement terrane boundaries controlled accommodation space development during the initial stages of graben formation. Later in the syn‐ and post rift stages, these terrane boundaries formed long‐lived sediment input points into the basin, and controlled the position of repeated large deltaic depositional units.
Next‐generation sequencing of endoscopically obtained tissues from patients with all stages of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Takano Shinichi , Fukasawa Mitsuharu , Shindo Hiroko , Takahashi Ei , Fukasawa Yoshimitsu , Kawakami Satoshi , Hayakawa Hiroshi , Kuratomi Natsuhiko , Kadokura Makoto , Yamaguchi Tatsuya , Inoue Taisuke , Maekawa Shinya , Enomoto Nobuyuki 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRoutinely available clinical samples of all stages of pancreatic cancer are used in the present study to elucidate its molecular mechanisms and identify novel therapeutic targets. We evaluated the use of next‐generation sequencing (NGS) of endoscopically obtained pancreatic cancer tissues. We enrolled 147 patients who underwent endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration or endoscopic biopsy. The quantity and quality of the extracted DNA was assessed. Tissue samples were used for NGS of 78 cancer‐related genes, from which gene alterations and microsatellite instability (MSI) were extracted. NGS was successful in 141 out of 147 (96%) cases. Gene alterations were detected in 134 out of 141 (91%) samples, among which eight out of 10 samples with a DNA concentration below the detection limit had some type of gene alteration. Targetable genes were detected in 28 (19.9%) cases. MSI and germline mutations in homologous recombination repair associated genes were detected in 5% and 3% of cases, respectively. Cox regression analysis revealed that metastasis (P < .005; hazard ratio [HR], 3.30) was associated with poor prognosis in all pancreatic cancer patients. In addition, fewer than three mutations (P = .03; HR, 2.48) and serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels >5 ng/mL (P < .005; HR, 3.94) were associated with worse prognosis in cases without and with metastasis, respectively. Targeted sequencing of all stages of pancreatic cancer using available samples from real clinical practice could be used to determine the relationship between gene alterations and prognosis to help determine treatment choices.
A modified MethyLight assay predicts the clinical outcomes of anti‐epidermal growth factor receptor treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Ouchi Kota , Takahashi Shin , Okita Akira , Sakamoto Yasuhiro , Muto Osamu , Amagai Kenji , Okada Takaho , Ohori Hisatsugu , Shinozaki Eiji , Ishioka Chikashi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDNA methylation status correlates with clinical outcomes of anti‐epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) treatment. There is a strong need to develop a simple assay for measuring DNA methylation status for the clinical application of drug selection based on it. In this study, we collected data from 186 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) who had previously received anti‐EGFR treatment. We modified MethyLite to develop a novel assay to classify patients as having highly methylated colorectal cancer (HMCC) or low‐methylated colorectal cancer (LMCC) based on the methylation status of 16 CpG sites of tumor‐derived genomic DNA in the development cohort (n = 30). Clinical outcomes were then compared between the HMCC and LMCC groups in the validation cohort (n = 156). The results showed that HMCC had a significantly worse response rate (4.2% vs 33.3%; P = .004), progression‐free survival (median: 2.5 vs 6.6 mo, P < .001, hazard ratio [HR] = 0.22), and overall survival (median: 5.6 vs 15.5 mo, P < .001, HR = 0.23) than did LMCC in patients with RAS wild‐type mCRC who were refractory or intolerable to oxaliplatin‐ and irinotecan‐based chemotherapy (n = 101). The DNA methylation status was an independent predictive factor and a more accurate biomarker than was the primary site of anti‐EGFR treatment. In conclusion, our novel DNA methylation measurement assay based on MethyLight was simple and useful, suggesting its implementation as a complementary diagnostic tool in a clinical setting.
Suppression function against environmental dust exposure after Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus immunotherapy is associated with production of specific and cross‐reactive immunoglobulin G4
Authors: Feng Mulin , Luo Tian , Xian Mo , Shi Xu , Qin Rundong , Zeng Xiaohui , Su Qiujuan , Li Jing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundWhether Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der‐p) allergen immunotherapy (AIT) can induce Dermatophagoides farina (Der‐f)‐specific immunoglobulin (sIg) G4 production, and tolerance to environmental allergens has not been fully investigated.ObjectiveWe aimed to determine serum Der‐p‐sIgG4 and Der‐f‐sIgG4 levels in asthma and/or rhinitis patients undergoing Der‐p AIT and their ability to reduce immune responses triggered by indoor dust extracts.MethodsWe performed a real‐world prospective trial and enrolled patients with allergic rhinitis and/or asthma in Guangzhou, China. These patients received either Der‐p AIT (SCIT group) or routine medications (non‐SCIT group) for 156 weeks. Clinical outcomes were assessed by the combined symptom medication score (SMS) and FEV1% changes. House dust samples were collected to analyse allergen levels. Serum levels of Der‐p‐sIgG4 and Der‐f‐sIgG4, serum inhibitory capacity against Der‐p, Der‐f and indoor dust extract by sIgE‐facilitated allergen binding to B cells (IgE‐FAB), and serum blocking indoor dust extract‐induced basophil activation inhibition assays (BATI) in peripheral blood monocytes were carried out at weeks 0, 4, 12, 16, 52, 104 and 156 after the initiations of the treatments.ResultsOur study enrolled a total of 60 participants, with 30 patients in each group. Patients in the SCIT group had significantly improved SMS when compared with the baseline and the patients in the non‐SCIT group. Median levels of Der‐p 1 and Der‐f 1 in indoor dust extract were 1.86 μg/g and 4.74 μg/g, respectively. Serum Der‐p‐sIgG4 and Der‐f‐IgG4 levels in SCIT patients showed a significant increase from weeks 12 to 156. Serum in these SCIT patients could significantly block Der‐p, Der‐f and indoor dust extract formation of allergen–sIgE complex and reduced the threshold of IgE‐FAB from 16 weeks after the initiation of the treatment. The capacity to inhibit Der‐p, Der‐f and indoor dust extract BATI was observed in SCIT serum after 12 weeks. Der‐p‐sIgG4 and Der‐f‐sIgG4 had a significant correlation with IgE‐FAB and BATI in SCIT patients at all time points.ConclusionSingle Der‐p immunotherapy induced both Der‐p‐sIgG4 and Der‐f‐sIgG4 production, which might cross‐reactively induce tolerance against environmental allergen exposure in patients with asthma and/or rhinitis.
Two new patients with focal dermal hypoplasia: A novelPORCNvariant and insights on the diagnostic considerations
Authors: Elhossini Rasha Moheb , Abdel‐Hamid Mohamed S. , Ashaat Engy , Otaify Ghada A. , Dawoud Heba , Elshimy Khalid , El Ruby Mona , Aglan Mona 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMutations in thePORCNgene cause an X‐linked dominant condition; focal dermal hypoplasia (FDH), characterized by atrophic skin, pigmented skin lesions in addition to several ocular and skeletal malformations. FDH is rare with around 275 cases reported so far from diverse ethnic groups. Herein, we provide a report of two new patients with FDH from Egypt. In addition to the typical clinical manifestations of the disease, infrequently reported clinical findings in the form of broad metaphysis, bilateral short broad femurs, and dermal sinus over the sacrum were seen in Patient 1 and partial fusion of labia majora, ventral hernia, and bladder extrophy were present in Patient 2. Two heterozygous protein‐truncatingPORCNmutations were identified in our patients, a known nonsense c.370C>T p.(Arg124Ter) and a novel frameshift c.375delG p.(Ala126HisfsTer3). Segregation analyses confirmed that the two mutations were “de novo” and not inherited from any of the parents. Our study expands the clinical and mutational spectrum of focal dermal hypoplasia and emphasizes the importance of investigating the different body systems and organs for the early management of patients.
An interest‐based rights ethic for wildlife management and applications to behavioral training
Authors: Sommer Nathalie R. , Ferraro Kristy M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe growing field of conservation and wild animal ethics has the potential to guide practitioners facing difficult management decisions. Drawing from previously established rights frameworks, we explore an applied ethic for wildlife managers and conservationists, outlining when there can be ethical justification and moral obligation to intervene with wildlife. To demonstrate the use of this ethical framework, we apply it specifically to the emerging field of behavioral training in wildlife management. We use a series of case studies to illuminate how ecological context is fundamental to ascertain when there is ethical justification for behavioral training under the framework, and conclude with practical considerations for implementation. Our work explains how a rights‐based ethic emerges from both biological principles and fundamental philosophical concepts, and illustrates how it could serve as a useful guideline for wildlife management.
Autonomic profiles and self‐regulation outcomes in early childhood
Authors: Zeytinoglu Selin , Calkins Susan D. , Leerkes Esther M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study examined autonomic profiles in preschoolers (N = 278, age = 4.7 years) and their relations to self‐regulation outcomes concurrently and one year later, in kindergarten. Children's sympathetic (preejection period [PEP]) and parasympathetic activity (respiratory sinus arrythmia [RSA]) were measured at rest and during cognitive and emotional tasks. Three self‐regulatory competencies were assessed: executive functions, emotion regulation and behavioral regulation. Executive functioning was measured at ages 4 and 5 using laboratory tasks designed to assess updating/working memory, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility. Emotion regulation was observed during emotionally distressing tasks in the laboratory, both at ages 4 and 5. Behavioral regulation and emotional reactivity were assessed via teacher ratings in kindergarten, at age 5. Latent profile analysis yielded four autonomic profiles: moderate parasympathetic inhibition (45%), reciprocal sympathetic activation (26%), coinhibition (25%), and high sympathetic activation (7%). The reciprocal sympathetic activation group showed better executive functioning in preschool and kindergarten, particularly compared to the high sympathetic activation group. The moderate parasympathetic inhibition group showed lower emotional reactivity and better behavioral regulation in kindergarten, compared to the other three groups. Findings suggest that autonomic profiles meaningfully associate with self‐regulation outcomes in early childhood, such that certain profiles relate to better self‐regulation than others.
Amantadine treatment and delayed onset of levodopa‐induced dyskinesia in patients with early Parkinson's disease
Authors: Wang Chi‐Chuan , Wu Tsai‐Ling , Lin Fang‐Ju , Tai Chun‐Hwei , Lin Chin‐Hsien , Wu Ruey‐Meei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeLevodopa‐induced dyskinesia (LID) is a common motor complication in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Although amantadine is indicated for LID treatment, it is uncertain whether early treatment with amantadine reduces the risk of LID in patients with PD. We aimed to evaluate the association between amantadine treatment and LID onset in patients with early‐stage PD.MethodsThis was a hospital‐based retrospective cohort study that used electronic medical records from January 1, 2009 to October 31, 2016. The effect of amantadine on LID onset was compared with those of anticholinergics and monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors in patients with PD. Propensity‐score weighting and landmark analysis were used to reduce potential confounding. The time to LID onset was analyzed using Cox models. Sensitivity analyses were performed to determine the robustness of the results.ResultsThe analyses included 807, 661, and 518 patients at 6‐, 12‐, and 18‐month landmark points, respectively. Amantadine use was associated with delayed LID onset in the 6‐ and 12‐month landmark analyses, with adjusted hazard ratios of 0.65 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.49–0.86) and 0.64 (95% CI = 0.47–0.88), respectively. Sensitivity analysis findings were comparable to those of the main analysis.ConclusionsEarly treatment with amantadine may delay LID onset more than treatment with other symptomatic agents. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism of amantadine in LID onset delay and to validate our findings.
The ICOS–ICOSL pathway tunes thymic selection
Authors: Dong Mengqi , Chang Jinsam , Lebel Marie‐Ève , Gervais Noémie , Fournier Marilaine , Mallet Gauthier Ève , Suh Woong‐Kyung , Melichar Heather J 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNegative selection of developing T cells plays a significant role in T‐cell tolerance to self‐antigen. This process relies on thymic antigen‐presenting cells which express both self‐antigens and cosignaling molecules. Inducible T‐cell costimulator (ICOS) belongs to the CD28 family of cosignaling molecules and binds to ICOS ligand (ICOSL). The ICOS signaling pathway plays important roles in shaping the immune response to infections, but its role in central tolerance is less well understood. Here we show that ICOSL is expressed by subsets of thymic dendritic cells and medullary thymic epithelial cells as well as thymic B cells. ICOS expression is upregulated as T cells mature in the thymus and correlates with T‐cell receptor signal strength during thymic selection. We also provide evidence of a role for ICOS signaling in mediating negative selection. Our findings suggest that ICOS may fine‐tune T‐cell receptor signals during thymic selection contributing to the generation of a tolerant T‐cell population.
Spatial‐temporal distribution and sequence diversity of group a human respiratory syncytial viruses in Kenya preceding the emergence of ON1 genotype
Authors: Wangui Julia , Nokes D. James , Mobegi Victor A. , Otieno James R. , Agoti Charles N. , Ngeranwa Joseph J.N. , Bulimo Wallace D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundHuman respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is a major cause of severe viral acute respiratory illness and contributes significantly to severe pneumonia cases in Africa. Little is known about its spatial–temporal distribution as defined by its genetic diversity.MethodsA retrospective study conducted utilizing archived nasopharyngeal specimens from patients attending outpatient clinics in hospitals located in five demographically and climatically distinct regions of Kenya; Coast, Western, Highlands, Eastern and Nairobi. The viral total RNA was extracted and tested using multiplex real time RT‐PCR (reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction). A segment of the G‐gene was amplified using one‐step RT‐PCR and sequenced by Sanger di‐deoxy method. Bayesian analysis of phylogeny was utilized and subsequently median joining methods for haplotype network reconstruction.ResultsThree genotypes of HRSVA were detected; GA5 (14.0%), GA2 (33.1%), and NA1 (52.9%). HRSVA prevalence varied by location from 33% to 13.2% in the Highlands and the Eastern regions respectively. The mean nucleotide diversity (Pi[π]) varied by genotype: highest of 0.018 for GA5 and lowest of 0.005 for NA1. A total of 58 haplotypes were identified (GA5 10; GA2 20; NA1 28). These haplotypes were introduced into the population locally by single haplotypes and additional subsidiary seeds amongst the GA2 and the NA1 haplotypes.ConclusionsHRSVA was found across all the regions throughout the study period and comprised three genotypes; GA5, GA2, and NA1 genotypes. The genotypes were disproportionately distributed across the regions with GA5 gradually increasing toward the Western zones and decreasing toward the Eastern zones of the country.
SARS‐CoV‐2 infections in households in a peri‐urban community of Lima, Peru: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Lanata Claudio F. , Gil Ana I. , Ecker Lucie , Cornejo Rubelio , Rios Stefano , Ochoa Mayra , Peña Bia , Flores Omar , Howard Leigh M. , Grijalva Carlos G. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe assessed the prevalence and incidence of SARS‐CoV‐2 infections in a prospective study of households in Lima, Peru.MethodsHouseholds with a child, a young adult 18–50 years, and an adult age >50 years in peri‐urban Lima were followed with twice‐a‐week household visits during a 2‐month period. Nasal swabs and saliva specimens were collected twice weekly, and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected weekly from each participant, regardless of symptoms. Laboratory‐confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was defined by two RT‐PCR tests from any of the collected specimens within a week. Blood samples collected at enrollment and end of follow‐up were tested with rapid serological tests. We calculated the prevalence and incidence of laboratory‐confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infections.ResultsWe enrolled 132 participants from 44 households: 44 children, 44 young adults, and 44 older adults. A total of 13 SARS‐CoV‐2 infections were detected in eight households, for an overall period prevalence of 9.85% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.35–16.25). Most (61.54%) infections were symptomatic. Eight of 11 (72.73%) SARS‐CoV‐2 detections corresponded to the Lambda variant. During 218.79 person‐months at risk of follow‐up, there were six new SARS‐CoV‐2 infections detected (2.74 per 100 person‐month, 95% CI: 1.25–6.04). At enrollment, 59 of 128 participants tested had positive SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG serology (46.09%, 95% CI: 37.25–55.12). Five of six new infections occurred among participants with negative baseline serology.ConclusionsWe demonstrated high incidence of SARS‐CoV‐2 infections in households, especially among subjects without evidence of prior infection, most of them not detected by the Ministry of Health system.
Prophylactic sacral protective dressings' effect on preventing pressure injury: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Gong Xinyan , Xu Ruimin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe performed a meta‐analysis to evaluate the effect of prophylactic sacral protective dressings on preventing pressure injury. A systematic literature search up to July 2021 was performed, and 11 studies included 5150 community or hospital‐based adult subjects requiring care at the start of the study; 2832 of them were using sacral protective dressings and 2318 were given standard care with no sacral protective dressings. They were reporting relationships between the effects of prophylactic sacral protective dressings on preventing pressure injury. We calculated the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the effects of prophylactic sacral protective dressings on preventing pressure injury using the dichotomous method with a random or fixed‐effect model. Sacral protective dressings had a significantly lower incidence of pressure injuries (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.28‐0.53, P < .001) compared with standard care with no sacral protective dressings in community‐ or hospital‐based adult subjects requiring care. Sacral protective dressings had a significantly lower incidence of pressure injuries compared with standard care with no sacral protective dressings in community‐ or hospital‐based adult subjects requiring care. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Self‐protection and correction for automatically activated weight bias: Revisiting the applicability of the MODE model
Authors: Zabel Kevin L. , Seacat Jason D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPrevious research has attempted to assess the applicability of the motivation and opportunity as determinants (MODE) of the attitude‐behavior relations model to examine the situations in which automatically activated attitudes predict anti‐fat social judgments. These studies have produced mixed findings, but also had statistical and methodological limitations‐ leaving the applicability of the MODE model to weight bias unclear. Using a sample of ninety‐three undergraduate university students, the current study sought to address limitations of prior research and assess the viability of the MODE model by uniquely conceptualizing motivation as stemming from a need to protect against the negative consequences of a stigmatized social identity. Overall, it was found that participant body mass index (BMI) interacted with automatically activated attitudes to significantly predict perceptions of higher‐weight people’s lack of willpower. Specifically, among participants lower in BMI, stronger negative automatically activated attitudes toward higher‐weight individuals directly predicted greater perceptions of higher weight people’s lack of willpower. Conversely, among participants higher in BMI, automatically activated attitudes did not predict perceptions of higher‐weight people’s lack of willpower. Findings suggest that among higher BMI individuals, a self‐protective motive to avoid the negative consequences of a stigmatized social identity may motivate individuals to correct for the otherwise direct influence of automatically activated attitudes on more controlled, self‐reported anti‐fat judgments. The current study provides initial empirical support for the applicability of the MODE model to understanding situations in which automatically activated attitudes may (or may not) directly predict anti‐fat social judgments.