bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High aqueous salinity does not preclude germination of invasive Iris pseudacorus from estuarine populations
Authors: Gillard Morgane B. , Castillo Jesús M. , Mesgaran Mohsen B. , Futrell Caryn J. , Grewell Brenda J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEstuarine ecosystems are threatened by climate change and biological invasions. Among global changes, sea‐level rise is broadly impacting tidal wetlands, through increases in salinity and alteration of inundation regimes. Extant freshwater plant species are often presumed to be limited to reaches of estuaries with low salinity and narrow tidal ranges. However, the potential for invasive freshwater species (e.g., Iris pseudacorus) to persist and spread with increased salinity and flooding is poorly understood and can jeopardize native biodiversity and other wetland ecosystem services. The successful establishment of invasive plants will be dependent on their tolerance to salinity and inundation, starting with the germination life stage. Changes to abiotic estuarine gradients may alter the germination process of tidal wetland plant species that underlies significant patterns of plant community composition and biodiversity. We explored germination responses of seeds from two invasive I. pseudacorus populations from freshwater and brackish tidal sites in California’s San Francisco Bay–Delta Estuary. We tested germination dynamics under salinity levels ranging from freshwater to seawater (0, 12.5, 25, and 45 dS/m) and two hydrological conditions (moist and flooded). Salinity levels >12.5 dS/m inhibited germination of seeds from both populations, consistent with viviparism and seedling emergence recorded at field sites. However, seeds exposed to seawater for 55 d germinated once exposed to freshwater. Germination velocity and seed buoyancy differed between populations, likely due to differences in seed coat thickness. Our results demonstrate that after 55 d in seawater, buoyant seeds of I. pseudacorus retain their ability to germinate, and germinate quickly with freshwater exposure. This suggests that invasive populations of I. pseudacorus can colonize new sites following potentially long‐distance dispersal of buoyant seeds with tidal currents. These findings inform risk assessments and highlight the need to prioritize the management of invasive I. pseudacorus in estuarine ecosystems impacted by rising sea level.
Resource availability drives plant–plant interactions of conifer seedlings across elevations under warming in Alaska
Authors: Okano Kyoko , Bret‐Harte M. Syndonia , Mulder Christa P. H. , Juday Glenn P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFuture warming may alter plant stress at high‐elevation treelines and forests, thereby changing plant–plant interactions. The relative importance of competition and facilitation may depend on the degree of resource or physical stress. According to the stress gradient hypothesis (SGH), physical stress on trees is more important at cold high elevations where facilitation predominates, and less important at low elevations where competition is the main interaction. Our goals were to investigate whether plant–plant interactions along elevational gradients corresponded to those predicted by the SGH, and to assess the effects of increasing temperatures on the growth of conifer seedlings in tundra–forest ecosystems in interior Alaska, USA. We established sites along two elevational gradients: one in tundra (four sites, 550–1170 m) and one in forest (three sites, 210–760 m). A field warming and neighbor removal experiment was conducted using transplanted seedlings of white spruce (Picea glauca). After three growing seasons, regardless of elevation, spruce seedling biomass was approximately 20% lower in seedlings with neighbor plants compared to those without neighbors. Therefore, there was no evidence for greater facilitation at high elevations across either tundra or forest elevational gradient. Seedlings in forest sites increased their shoot‐to‐root ratios and relative growth rates in height, suggesting competition for light, but this was not seen for seedlings growing in tundra sites. When warmed by greenhouses, seedling growth was stimulated in forests, especially at high elevations. In contrast, at tundra sites, warmed seedlings grew less than controls and the seedlings at high elevations showed water stress. Our results suggest that the resource stresses of low light and water availability are more important drivers of plant–plant interactions than the physical stress imposed by low temperature, possibly due to warming in the past 50 yr in this region. Further warming may increase growth of seedlings in forests, but is likely to decrease it in open tundra habitats, thereby slowing the upward movement of treeline in the near future.
Compromised long‐lived memory CD8+ T cells are associated with reduced IL‐7 responsiveness in HIV‐infected immunological nonresponders
Authors: Zhou Ming‐Ju , Huang Hui‐Huang , Song Jin‐Wen , Tu Bo , Fan Xing , Li Jing , Jin Jie‐Hua , Cao Wen‐jing , Hu Wei , Yang Tao , Zhou Chun‐Bao , Yuan Jin‐Hong , Fan Jin , Zhang Ji‐Yuan , Jiao Yan‐Mei , Xu Ruo‐Nan , Zhen Cheng , Shi Ming , Zhang Chao , Wang Fu‐Sheng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractImmune deficiency is one of the hallmarks of HIV infection and a major cause of adverse outcomes in people living with HIV (PLWH). Long‐lived memory CD8+ T cells (LLMCs) are essential executors of long‐term protective immunity; however, the generation and maintenance of LLMCs during chronic HIV infection are not well understood. In the present study, we analyzed circulating LLMCs in healthy controls (HCs) and PLWH with different disease statuses, including treatment naïve patients (TNs), complete responders (CRs), and immunological nonresponders (INRs). We found that both TNs and INRs showed severely compromised LLMCs compared with HCs and CRs, respectively. The decrease of LLMCs in TNs correlated positively with the reduction of their precursors, namely memory precursor effector T cells (MPECs), which might be associated with elevated pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Strikingly, INRs showed an accumulation of MPECs, which exhibited diminished responsiveness to interleukin 7 (IL‐7), thereby indicating abrogated differentiation into LLMCs. Moreover, in vitro studies showed that treatment with dexamethasone could improve the IL7‐phosphorylated (p)‐signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT5) response by upregulating the expression of the interleukin 7 receptor (IL‐7Rα) on MPECs in INRs. These findings provide insights that will encourage the development of novel therapeutics to improve immune function in PLWH.
[Re(η6‐C6H5‐benzimidazole)2]+ and Derivatives as Dye Mimics; Synthesis, UV Absorption Studies and DFT Calculations
Authors: Gotzmann Carla , Blacque Olivier , Fox Thomas , Alberto Roger 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFunctionalizations of highly oxidation and hydrolysis stable mono‐cationic rhenium bis‐arene complexes [Re(η6‐C6H6)2]+ are of great interest. We directly built up structural features of the well‐known Hoechst Dye on the coordinated arenes as a model for prospective DNA minor groove binding studies. Extensions of the aromatic bis‐arene unit with functionalized and derivatized benzimidazole moieties resulted in a deep orange colour of the complexes, showing UV/Vis absorption spectra with multiple transition maxima. These have been assigned with support of DFT calculations to gain information about their charge transfer natures. The different transitions of the complexes, which are either intra‐ligand, ligand‐to‐ligand or metal‐to‐ligand charge transitions, were additionally compared and discussed with the spectra of the corresponding free ligands.
The Use of Potassium/Sodium Nitrite as a Nitrosating Agent in the Electrooxidative N‐Nitrosation of Secondary Amines
Authors: Wang Ying , You Shiqi , Ruan Mengyao , Wang Feiyi , Ma Chao , Lu Cuifen , Yang Guichun , Chen Zuxing , Gao Meng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe report herein on the electrochemical N‐nitrosation of secondary amines using widely available sodium/potassium nitrite as a nitrosating agent. This approach not only eliminates the need for using a combination of sodium/potassium and a strong acid but also has good functional group tolerance. The reaction is compatible with the late‐stage modification of pharmaceutical compounds and could be conducted in gram scale with a high reaction efficiency. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicate that the N‐nitrosation occurs via the anodic oxidation of KNO2 into an NO2 radical which is then transformed into an NO+ cation.
Asymmetric Synthesis of N‐Fmoc‐(S)‐7‐aza‐tryptophan via Alkylation of Chiral Nucleophilic Glycine Equivalent
Authors: Zou Yupiao , Takeda Ryosuke , Han Jianlin , Konno Hiroyuki , Moriwaki Hiroki , Abe Hidenori , Izawa Kunisuke , Soloshonok Vadim A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNi(II)‐complexes, derived from glycine Schiff bases with chiral tridentate ligands, have been used as powerful tools for the synthesis of structurally diverse tailor‐made amino acids. In this manuscript, asymmetric alkylation reaction between chiral nucleophilic glycine derived Ni‐complex and 3‐(chloromethyl)‐1H‐pyrrolo[2,3‐b]pyridine has been developed under convenient conditions, which affords the corresponding alkylated Ni‐complex in 74 % yield and excellent diastereoselectivity (only one isomer). This reaction features convenient conditions and completely controlled diastereoselectivity, which provides a highly valuable approach for asymmetric synthesis of 7‐aza‐tryptophan.
Effects of air cooling structure on cooling performance enhancement of prismatic lithium‐ion battery packs based on coupled electrochemical‐thermal model
Authors: Zhang Lanchun , Chen Qian , Wang Tianbo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe increasing temperature of lithium‐ion batteries during charging and discharging affects its operational performance. The current studies mainly adopt simplified model, less considering the effect of the battery internal electrochemical reaction on the air cooling performance, and the air cooling structure needs to be further optimized. In order to solve the problems above, the coupled electrochemical‐thermal air cooling model was established, and the air cooling structure was optimized in terms of the relative position and height of the battery pack inlet and outlet, the distribution, and spacing of cells. The results show the better air cooling performance is achieved when the inlet and outlet are aligned on the same side. When the lateral inlet and outlet aligned on the same side, the lower outlet height is more important for improving the heat dissipation performance of the battery pack, but the worse temperature uniformity emerges. According to the cooling performance of different positions in the battery pack, a method for nonequidistant symmetrical distribution of cells is able to improve the temperature uniformity. The optimal combination of the air cooling structure with various factors is obtained.
On The Selection of Power Allocation Strategy in Power Domain Non‐Orthogonal Multiple Access (PD‐NOMA) for 6G and Beyond
Authors: Mounir Mohamed , El_Mashade Mohamed B. , Mohamed Aboshosha Ashraf 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNon‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is an attractive candidate for 6G networks to support ultra‐massive machine‐type communications (umMTC). Power domain NOMA (PD‐NOMA) is the simplest type of NOMA, which assigns a different power level to each user. Power allocation in PD‐NOMA can be classified into fixed/dynamic power allocation (FPA/DPA). FPA is simple, but DPA is more suitable for the mobile environment than FPA. However, finding optimum power per each user in DPA is extremely complex. Fortunately, many DPA strategic design methods were introduced in literature as simple suboptimal solutions of DPA. Therefore, DPA strategic design methods and FPA techniques are simple approaches to implement PD‐NOMA in 6G and beyond. In literature, no previous work had compared the performances of all DPA strategic design methods, nor FPA techniques, to ease the selection of a simple strategy for PD‐NOMA in 6G. Motivated by that, this work compares performances of all DPA strategic design methods as well as FPA techniques, in terms of sum‐rate capacity, fairness, and bit error rate (BER). Results showed that the best DPA strategic design method and the best FPA technique have comparable performance.
Isolation, purification, and characterization of antioxidant peptides from fresh mare's milk
Authors: Waili Yizaitiguli , Gahafu Yiming , Aobulitalifu Alimijiang , Chang Zhanying , Xie Xiangyun , Kawuli Gulibahaer 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this study, the whey protein of fresh mare's milk was used as raw material. The antioxidant peptide liquid XMNDT was extracted from fresh mare's milk solution and purified. The peptide had a molecular weight of 1594.89 kDa and was mainly composed of VAPFPQPVVPYPQR. Antioxidant peptide XMNDT could inhibit the proliferation of A549 lung cancer cells in the G1 phase, accelerate cell apoptosis, increase the activity of SOD and the amount of GSH, and reduce the secretion of MDA. It also exhibited certain antioxidant capacity and free radical scavenging. These data can provide a basis for research on new antioxidant properties by reducing the inflammation caused by aging.
A neutral polysaccharide from Ophiocordyceps lanpingensis restrains cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity
Authors: Zhou Shubo , Zhou Yongchun , Yu Jiaji , Jiang Li , Xiang Yingying , Wang Juan , Du Yaxi , Cui Xiuming , Ge Feng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOphiocordyceps lanpingensis is an edible mushroom distributed over the south‐eastern part of the Tibet Plateau, which is also recognized as an effective ethnomedicine to alleviate diseases. This study explored the effects of a kind of Ophiocordyceps lanpingensis neutral polysaccharide (ONP) on RAW264.7 macrophages and cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity. The results showed that ONP relieved the inflammatory response of RAW264.7 macrophages by increasing the expression level of anti‐inflammatory factor IL‐10. Furthermore, ONP treatment significantly prolonged the survival of the mice treated by cisplatin through decelerating pathological progress and alleviating damaged functions of the kidneys. Compared with the cisplatin group, ONP reduced the oxidative stress of the renal cells and the expression levels of pro‐inflammatory factors. Apoptosis of renal cells was also weakened in the ONP treatment group. These findings indicated that ONP alleviated cisplatin nephrotoxicity mainly by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the kidneys, underscoring the potential of ONP supplementation to alleviate the side effects of cisplatin chemotherapy.
Ertüchtigung von Trockenmauern unter Berücksichtigung des Artenschutzes
Authors: Knopp Julia , Spießl Robert , Stöger Jürgen , Wüstholz Timo , Maierhöfer Dieter 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDas Land Baden‐Württemberg besitzt zahlreiche Trockenmauern an Verkehrswegen, die oftmals talseitig den Straßenkörper stützen und den heutigen Verkehrslasten nicht mehr ausreichend standhalten. Durch ihre besondere Bauweise sind Trockenmauern aber kleinräumige Habitate und werden als Biotope geschützt. Ziel des hier vorgestellten Projekts war es, die Mauern im Sinne des Artenschutzes im Bestand zu erhalten, aber auch die Standsicherheit der Mauern so zu erhöhen, dass sie die Lasten des Verkehrs tragen können. Vorgeschlagen wird, die Trockenmauern mit Drahtseilnetzen und Mikropfählen zu sichern. Besondere Anforderungen gab es an den Einbau der Mikropfähle durch die Bestandswand, da sichergestellt werden musste, dass keine Zementsuspension in das Mauerwerk abfließt. Die Maschenweite des Netzes wurde mit der Naturschutzbehörde abgestimmt, sodass die Zugänglichkeit der Mauer für die dort lebenden Arten weiterhin möglich ist.
A Systematic Review of Animal Models of NAFLD Finds High‐Fat, High‐Fructose Diets Most Closely Resemble Human NAFLD
Authors: Im Yu Ri , Hunter Harriet , de Gracia Hahn Dana , Duret Amedine , Cheah Qinrong , Dong Jiawen , Fairey Madison , Hjalmarsson Clarissa , Li Alice , Lim Hong Kai , McKeown Lorcán , Mitrofan Claudia‐Gabriela , Rao Raunak , Utukuri Mrudula , Rowe Ian A. , Mann Jake P. 
Published: May 2021

Background and Aims
Animal models of human disease are a key component of translational hepatology research, yet there is no consensus on which model is optimal for NAFLD.

Approach and Results
We generated a database of 3,920 rodent models of NAFLD. Study designs were highly heterogeneous, and therefore, few models had been cited more than once. Analysis of genetic models supported the current evidence for the role of adipose dysfunction and suggested a role for innate immunity in the progression of NAFLD. We identified that high‐fat, high‐fructose diets most closely recapitulate the human phenotype of NAFLD. There was substantial variability in the nomenclature of animal models: a consensus on terminology of specialist diets is needed. More broadly, this analysis demonstrates the variability in preclinical study design, which has wider implications for the reproducibility of in vivo experiments both in the field of hepatology and beyond.

Conclusions
This systematic analysis provides a framework for phenotypic assessment of NAFLD models and highlights the need for increased standardization and replication.
Distributive health literacy and medication management: A longitudinal qualitative study with Bhutanese former refugees in Tasmania
Authors: Murray Linda , Elmer Shandell , Breen Juanita , Nash Rosie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIssue addressedTasmania, Australia is home to a population of Bhutanese former refugees who have resettled since 2007. Their refugee journey and disrupted education opportunities have resulted in gaps in literacy in their primary language (Nepali), and many suffer one or more chronic conditions (ongoing communicable or noncommunicable diseases (NCDs)). This research explored how this community perceives chronic conditions and managed their medication using the concept of distributed health literacy.MethodsA longitudinal qualitative method was used whereby 15 former refugees and their carers were interviewed 3‐4 times over 9 months. Data were thematically analysed using a hybrid approach of inductive and deductive coding and theme development.ResultsFour themes related to distributed health literacy were identified. These were “barriers to medication literacy and adherence,” “support people as health literacy mediators,” “understandings of chronic disease” and “strengthening distributed health literacy.” Participants described managing relatively low levels of knowledge about their chronic conditions and medications by appointing support people who acted as health literacy mediators. This resulted in interactions with health professionals, information gathering and medication use being enacted collectively between family members. Carers felt responsible for supporting others who were new to the Australian health system to learn new skills in addition to assisting with tasks such as informal interpreting.So what?Interventions to improve the health literacy of former refugees should focus on collective critical health literacy action rather than just the functional health literacy of individuals. Health literacy mediators are a vital form of support for former refugees managing chronic conditions, so must be included in education and support programs.
Cattaneo–Christov flux and entropy in thermofluidics involving shrinking surface
Authors: Vyas Paresh , Khan Sahanawaz , Gajanand  
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe paper examines radiative Casson boundary layer flow over an exponentially shrinking permeable sheet in a Cattaneo–Christov heat flux environment. The sheet is placed at the bottom of the fluid‐saturated porous medium and suction is applied normally to the sheet to contain the vorticity. The radiative heat flux in the energy equation is assumed to follow the Rosseland approximation. Similarity transformation is performed to convert the governing partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations. The resulting boundary value problem is treated numerically employing Runge–Kutta fourth‐order integration scheme along with the shooting method. The effects of pertinent parameters on quantities of interest are showcased graphically/in tabular form and are discussed. The dual profiles for velocity and temperature lead to a dual solution regime for entropy. It is found that critical mass suction rate and Nusselt number are substantially responsive to various parameters' values. Critical suction values decrease with a rise in Casson parameter β and permeability parameter K. Skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number show peculiar behavior for distinct branches of solutions.
Maternal sensitivity and warmth in Singapore: Cultural insights from comparing the Ainsworth and Emotional Availability Scales
Authors: Cheung Hoi Shan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe convergence between sensitivity scores on the Ainsworth and Emotional Availability Scales was examined, along with their associations with maternal warmth, children's language ability and likeability by peers in preschool. Participants were 167 mothers and their child aged 4–6 (55.7% girls) from the four major ethnic groups in Singapore (Chinese, Malay, Indian and Other). Emotional availability (EA) sensitivity was positively related to Ainsworth sensitivity and maternal warmth, but the overlap was not large, pointing to key conceptual differences that were discussed in light of cultural considerations. Contrary to expectation, Ainsworth sensitivity was more closely linked to maternal warmth than EA sensitivity was. Ainsworth sensitivity and warmth were related to less pragmatic difficulty and better likeability by female peers among preschoolers. The findings suggest that sensitivity and warmth may have a positive functional value despite the prevalence of emotional restraint in this cultural context.
Interfacial engineering of lithium‐polymer batteries with in situ UV cross‐linking
Authors: Rojaee Ramin , Plunkett Samuel , Rasul Md Golam , Cheng Meng , Jabbari Vahid , Shahbazian‐Yassar Reza 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDeveloping promising solid‐state Li batteries with capabilities of high current densities have been a major challenge partly due to large interfacial resistance across the electrode/electrolyte interfaces. This work represents an integrated network of self‐standing polymer electrolyte and active electrode materials with in situ UV cross‐linking. This method provides a uniform morphology of composite polymer electrolyte with low thickness of 20–40 μm. This modification leads to promising cycling results with 85% specific capacity retention in Li||LiFePO4 cell over 100 cycles at high current densities of 170 mA g−1 (~25 μA cm−2, 1 C). By applying this method, the interfacial resistance decreases as high as seven folds compared to noncross‐linked interfaces. The following work introduce a facile and cost‐effective method in developing fast‐charging self‐standing polymer batteries with enhanced electrochemical properties.image