bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic testing to determine and predict trampoline function
Authors: Brown Olivia H. , Mullineaux David R. , Mulloy Francis 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSafety standards for domestic trampolines are based on static-load testing using a factor of five times the maximum intended user mass. This paper presents a dynamic test method for trampolines, and provides measures of the users’ performance (e.g., peak acceleration, Accmax) and injury risk (e.g., mean rate of change of acceleration, Jerkmean). Uniform masses (41–116 kg) were dropped from 0.66 m onto the bed centre of nineteen different trampolines. Trampoline bed and spring stretches, mass flight time (FlightT) and accelerations were recorded using motion capture and accelerometers. Thirty-seven percent of trampolines exceeded the static safety standard bed deformation limits (80% of frame height) by 11 ± 6% with dynamic testing (mean ± standard deviation). Across all trampolines and masses dropped, the Accmaxranged from 5.1 to 7.6 g, suggesting the factor of five used in static-loading safety standards needs reviewing. Statistically significant negative correlations (p < 0.05) were found between trampoline bed diameter and Accmax(r =  – 0.88), Jerkmean(r =  – 0.77) and FlightT(r =  – 0.82). Furthermore, significant correlations (p < 0.05) were also found between the mass dropped and Accmax(r =  – 0.27), Jerkmean(r =  – 0.59) and FlightT(r = 0.25). The combined effects of the spring constants, number of springs, bed diameters and masses dropped were described in predictive multivariate equations for Accmax(explained variance,R2 = 95%) and maximum vertical bed deformation (R2 = 85%). These findings from dynamic testing may assist manufacturers in designing trampolines that meet safety standards while maximising user performance and reducing injury risk.
Perceptual Evaluation of Blended Sonification of Mechanical Robot Sounds Produced by Emotionally Expressive Gestures: Augmenting Consequential Sounds to Improve Non-verbal Robot Communication
Authors: Frid Emma , Bresin Roberto 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper presents two experiments focusing on perception of mechanical sounds produced by expressive robot movement and blended sonifications thereof. In the first experiment, 31 participants evaluated emotions conveyed by robot sounds through free-form text descriptions. The sounds were inherently produced by the movements of a NAO robot and were not specifically designed for communicative purposes. Results suggested no strong coupling between the emotional expression of gestures and how sounds inherent to these movements were perceived by listeners; joyful gestures did not necessarily result in joyful sounds. A word that reoccurred in text descriptions of all sounds, regardless of the nature of the expressive gesture, was “stress”. In the second experiment, blended sonification was used to enhance and further clarify the emotional expression of the robot sounds evaluated in the first experiment. Analysis of quantitative ratings of 30 participants revealed that the blended sonification successfully contributed to enhancement of the emotional message for sound models designed to convey frustration and joy. Our findings suggest that blended sonification guided by perceptual research on emotion in speech and music can successfully improve communication of emotions through robot sounds in auditory-only conditions.
Neutron-based techniques for archaeometry: characterization of a Sardinian boat model
Authors: Depalmas A. , Cataldo M. , Grazzi F. , Scherillo A. , Fedrigo A. , Kockelmann W. , di Gennaro F. , Canu A. , Brunetti A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSardinian metallurgy produced samples of high artistic and historical value. In particular, ship models are rare and unmatched examples of the mastery reached by Sardinian metallurgists and their production process deserves an in-depth analysis of all the phases involved in the making. In this work, we examined a Sardinian boat model to obtain information about its composition, microstructure and manufacturing technique. The object is a small bronze ship model that was found near the Nuraghe Colovros, located in north-east Sardinia (Italy). It was analysed by means of neutron imaging and neutron diffraction experiments at the ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source laboratory (Harwell, UK). Neutron techniques are relatively new in the field of archaeometry, but they are a very effective tool for the study of archaeological objects: they permit to survey complete artefacts, determine compositions and structures, assess the conservation status and address questions of effective use and casting techniques. This type of data can add new and different insights to existing archaeological information, especially where sampling is not permitted. The outcome of the study reveals a peculiar approach to the manufacturing of the boat model.
Development of osmotic vacuolization of proximal tubular epithelial cells following treatment with sodium-glucose transport protein 2 inhibitors in type II diabetes mellitus patients-3 case reports
Authors: Watanabe Shun , Sawa Naoki , Mizuno Hiroki , Yamanouchi Masayuki , Suwabe Tatsuya , Hoshino Junichi , Kinowaki Keiichi , Ohashi Kenichi , Fujii Takeshi , Yamaguchi Yutaka , Ubara Yoshifumi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe encountered 3 cases of acute kidney injury that occurred after treatment with a SGLT2 inhibitor. In case 1, serum creatinine increased from 1.65 to 3.0 mg/dL, in case 2, serum creatinine increased from 1.03 to 1.21 mg/dL, and in case 3, serum creatinine increased from 0.8 to 1.1 mg/dL. Renal biopsy showed isometric vacuolization on tubules, that was completely negative for Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain in case 1, and was partially negative for PAS stain in case 2 and 3, consistent with osmotic vacuolization. Immunohistochemical analysis showed positive staining for CD138 and CD10 indicating the proximal tubules in the vacuolar lesions. 3 patients were obese with body mass index of more than 30, and showed an increase in serum renin. In conclusion, in type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), individuals that remain within their standard weight range, SGLT2 inhibitor treatment does not result in osmotic vacuolization of proximal tubular epithelial cells and AKI. However, treatment with a SGLT2 inhibitor may cause damage of the proximal tubules resulting in AKI in T2DM individuals who do not remain within their standard weight range, due to an overdose lavage of sugar in the urine and dehydration.
Cell Therapy and Bioengineering in Experimental Liver Regenerative Medicine: In Vivo Injury Models and Grafting Strategies
Authors: Amato G. , Saleh T. , Carpino G. , Gaudio E. , Alvaro D. , Cardinale V. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo describe experimental liver injury models used in regenerative medicine, cell therapy strategies to repopulate damaged livers and the efficacy of liver bioengineering.Recent FindingsSeveral animal models have been developed to study different liver conditions. Multiple strategies and modified protocols of cell delivery have been also reported. Furthermore, using bioengineered liver scaffolds has shown promising results that could help in generating a highly functional cell delivery system and/or a whole transplantable liver.SummaryTo optimize the most effective strategies for liver cell therapy, further studies are required to compare among the performed strategies in the literature and/or innovate a novel modifying technique to overcome the potential limitations. Coating of cells with polymers, decellularized scaffolds, or microbeads could be the most appropriate solution to improve cellular efficacy. Besides, overcoming the problems of liver bioengineering may offer a radical treatment for end-stage liver diseases.
Evaluation of deep learning algorithms for semantic segmentation of car parts
Authors: Pasupa Kitsuchart , Kittiworapanya Phongsathorn , Hongngern Napasin , Woraratpanya Kuntpong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEvaluation of car damages from an accident is one of the most important processes in the car insurance business. Currently, it still needs a manual examination of every basic part. It is expected that a smart device will be able to do this evaluation more efficiently in the future. In this study, we evaluated and compared five deep learning algorithms for semantic segmentation of car parts. The baseline reference algorithm was Mask R-CNN, and the other algorithms were HTC, CBNet, PANet, and GCNet. Runs of instance segmentation were conducted with those five algorithms. HTC with ResNet-50 was the best algorithm for instance segmentation on various kinds of cars such as sedans, trucks, and SUVs. It achieved a mean average precision at 55.2 on our original data set, that assigned different labels to the left and right sides and 59.1 when a single label was assigned to both sides. In addition, the models from every algorithm were tested for robustness, by running them on images of parts, in a real environment with various weather conditions, including snow, frost, fog and various lighting conditions. GCNet was the most robust; it achieved a mean performance under corruption, mPC = 35.2, and a relative degradation of performance on corrupted data, compared to clean data (rPC), of 64.4%, when left and right sides were assigned different labels, and mPC = 38.1 and rPC =$$69.6\%$$69.6%when left- and right-side parts were considered the same part. The findings from this study may directly benefit developers of automated car damage evaluation system in their quest for the best design.
Challenges in Monte Carlo Event Generator Software for High-Luminosity LHC
Authors:   The HSF Physics Event Generator WG, Valassi Andrea , Yazgan Efe , McFayden Josh , Amoroso Simone , Bendavid Joshua , Buckley Andy , Cacciari Matteo , Childers Taylor , Ciulli Vitaliano , Frederix Rikkert , Frixione Stefano , Giuli Francesco , Grohsjean Alexander , Gütschow Christian , Höche Stefan , Hopkins Walter , Ilten Philip , Konstantinov Dmitri , Krauss Frank , Li Qiang , Lönnblad Leif , Maltoni Fabio , Mangano Michelangelo , Marshall Zach , Mattelaer Olivier , Fernandez Menendez Javier , Mrenna Stephen , Muralidharan Servesh , Neumann Tobias , Plätzer Simon , Prestel Stefan , Roiser Stefan , Schönherr Marek , Schulz Holger , Schulz Markus , Sexton-Kennedy Elizabeth , Siegert Frank , Siódmok Andrzej , Stewart Graeme A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe review the main software and computing challenges for the Monte Carlo physics event generators used by the LHC experiments, in view of the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) physics programme. This paper has been prepared by the HEP Software Foundation (HSF) Physics Event Generator Working Group as an input to the LHCC review of HL-LHC computing, which has started in May 2020.
Highly fluorescent CsPbBr3/TiO2 core/shell perovskite nanocrystals with excellent stability
Authors: Chen Haitao , Li Renhua , Guo Anqi , Xia Yu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe poor stability of CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) perovskite nanocrystals is the most impediment to its application in the field of photoelectrics. In this work, monodisperse CsPbBr3/TiO2 nanocrystals are successfully prepared by coating titanium precursor on the surface of colloidal CsPbBr3 nanocrystals at room temperature. The CsPbBr3/TiO2 nanocomposites exhibit excellent stability, remaining the identical particle size (9.2 nm), crystal structures and optical properties. Time-resolved photoluminescence decay shows that the lifetime of CsPbBr3/TiO2 nanocrystals is about 4.04 ns and keeps great stability after lasting two months in the air. Results show that the coating of TiO2 on CsPbBr3 NCs greatly suppressed the anion exchange and photodegradation, which are the main reasons for dramatically improving their chemical stability and photostability. The results provide an effective method to solve the stability problem of perovskite nanostructures and are expected to have a promising application in optoelectronic fieldsArticle highlights

1. Prepared the all-inorganic CsPbBr3/TiO2 core/shell perovskite nanocrystals by an easy method.

2. Explored its essences of PL and lifetime of the synthesized CsPbBr3/TiO2 perovskite nanocrystals.

3. CsPbBr3/TiO2 nanocrystals show the great thermal stability after the post-annealing.

4. The CsPbBr3/TiO2 nanocrystals have a high PLQY and have a promising application in solar cells.
“Does cinema form the future of robotics?”: a survey on fictional robots in sci-fi movies
Authors: Saffari Ehsan , Hosseini Seyed Ramezan , Taheri Alireza , Meghdari Ali 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Robotics and Artificial Intelligence (AI) have always been among the most popular topics in science fiction (sci-fi) movies. This paper endeavors to review popular movies containing Fictional Robots (FR) to extract the most common characteristics and interesting design ideas of robots portrayed in science fiction. To this end, 134 sci-fi films, including 108 unique FRs, were investigated regarding the robots’ different design aspects (e.g., appearance design, interactive design and artificial intelligence, and ethical and social design). Also, in each section of this paper, some characteristics of FRs are compared with real social robots. Since some researches point to the significant role of the cinema in forming the community’s expectations, it is very important to consider these characteristics and differences in choosing the future pathway of robotics. As some examples of findings, we have found that unlike the non-metallic skins/covers of real social robots, most FRs are still covered by highly detailed metal components. Moreover, the FR ability of interactions are generally (more than 90%) shown to be similar or even more advanced than normal Human–Human interactions, and this milestone was achieved by ignoring the AI challenges of real HRI. On the other hand, the ethical aspects of movies do inspire us to consider the potential ethical aspects of real robot design. All in all, according to popularity of movies, studying FR could be a step toward more appropriate development of robotics and AI entities to be accepted by general users in the real world.

Highlights:

We reviewed 134 sci-fi movies containing 108 unique fictional robots regarding different design aspects.

Fictional Robot (FR) is an artificial entity acting as a result of a fictional technology and playing a role in a movie.

Investigating fictional robots can shed light on the development of real robotics and AI entities.
Association analysis between Lipoxygenase activity and SSR markers in wheat grains
Authors: Zheng W. Y. , Zhao L. , Li Y. M. , Li J. , Zhu Z. H. , Yao D. N. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLipoxygenase (LOX) activity is closely related to wheat processing and storage quality. In the present research, ten wheat cultivars were used to compare the effects of genotype, location, year, and their interactions on the LOX activity. Furthermore, 123 wheat cultivars were evaluated for LOX activity with 192 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and to identify elite alleles related to LOX activity. The results indicated that LOX activity was highly affected by genotype (variety) than that by the location. A total of 22 SSR molecular marker loci with a significant or very significant correlation with LOX activity were identified on performing association analysis. In 3 years, only one molecular marker locus associated with LOX activity was detected (WMC488); in 2 years, seven molecular marker loci were detected, while in only 1 year, the other 14 molecular marker loci were detected. A total of 7 and 6 marker loci significantly related to LOX activity accounting for 31.2% and 27.2%, respectively, were located in homologous groups 4 and 5, and group 7. This research provided the theoretical basis and the markers for molecular-assisted wheat breeding that facilitate the breeding process in the processing and storage quality of grains.
Monitoring Landsat Based Burned Area as an Indicator of Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Wei Mingyue , Zhang Zhaoming , Long Tengfei , He Guojin , Wang Guizhou 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe “United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development” adopted in 2015 covers 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Fire is a common form of disaster and has a wide range of impacts on climate, biogeochemical cycle and human health, highly related to the SDGs. Satellite remote sensing technology provides an effective way for the dynamic monitoring of global burned area (BA). However, the existing global BA products are mainly at low and medium spatial resolution, which is difficult for detecting small fires, and also has large errors in calculating area of burned land. Based on Landsat 8 surface reflectance data and Google Earth Engine platform, a novel multi‐year (from the starting year of SDGs [2015] to the nearest year [2019]) 30 m resolution global BA products were generated. Based on these products, spatial distribution, influencing factors and change characteristics of BA were analyzed. The results show that from 2015 to 2019 the total area of BA in the world was 365.27, 368.56, 374.56, 345.55, and 363.09 × 106 ha. From 2015 to 2019, the total area of global BA was relatively stable, however there were significant differences among various continents and regions. During the study period, BA in the Amazon and Australia changed dramatically. The huge Amazon fire in 2019 caused a reduction of 4.67 × 106 ha of vegetated area in the Amazon basin, an increase in BA of 119.25% compared with 2018. In 2019, BA on the eastern and southeastern coasts of Australia increased abnormally. The possible reasons for these changes were comprehensively discussed and analyzed.
Assessment of C, N, and Si Isotopes as Tracers of Past Ocean Nutrient and Carbon Cycling
Authors: Farmer J. R. , Hertzberg J. E. , Cardinal D. , Fietz S. , Hendry K. , Jaccard S. L. , Paytan A. , Rafter P. A. , Ren H. , Somes C. J. , Sutton J. N. ,   GEOTRACESPAGES Biological Productivity Working Group Members
Published: May 2021

AbstractBiological productivity in the ocean directly influences the partitioning of carbon between the atmosphere and ocean interior. Through this carbon cycle feedback, changing ocean productivity has long been hypothesized as a key pathway for modulating past atmospheric carbon dioxide levels and hence global climate. Because phytoplankton preferentially assimilate the light isotopes of carbon and the major nutrients nitrate and silicic acid, stable isotopes of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and silicon (Si) in seawater and marine sediments can inform on ocean carbon and nutrient cycling, and by extension the relationship with biological productivity and global climate. Here, we compile water column C, N, and Si stable isotopes from GEOTRACES‐era data in four key ocean regions to review geochemical proxies of oceanic carbon and nutrient cycling based on the C, N, and Si isotopic composition of marine sediments. External sources and sinks as well as internal cycling (including assimilation, particulate matter export, and regeneration) are discussed as likely drivers of observed C, N, and Si isotope distributions in the ocean. The potential for C, N, and Si isotope measurements in sedimentary archives to record aspects of past ocean C and nutrient cycling is evaluated, along with key uncertainties and limitations associated with each proxy. Constraints on ocean C and nutrient cycling during late Quaternary glacial‐interglacial cycles and over the Cenozoic are examined. This review highlights opportunities for future research using multielement stable isotope proxy applications and emphasizes the importance of such applications to reconstructing past changes in the oceans and climate system.
Sources of Volcanic Tremor Associated With the Summit Caldera Collapse During the 2018 East Rift Eruption of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i
Authors: Soubestre Jean , Chouet Bernard , Dawson Phillip 
Published: May 2021

AbstractVolcanic tremor occurring at the beginning of the 2018 Kīlauea eruption is characterized using both seismic and tilt data recorded at the Kīlauea summit. An automatic seismic network‐based approach detects several types of tremor including (a) 0.5–1 Hz long‐period tremor preceding the eruption, located at the south‐southwest edge of Halema'uma'u Crater and attributed to the quasi‐steady radiation from a shallow hydrothermal system and (b) two sequences of gliding tremor at the beginning of the eruption, both with locations on the edges of the crater and within it. The first sequence is attributed to two swarms of low‐amplitude regularly repeating earthquakes induced by the jerky motions of a cylindrical rock piston with radius of 325 m, height of 250 m, and mass of 2.07 × 1011 kg, progressively intruding 12.3 m into the shallow hydrothermal system with volume of 108 m3 and depth extent of 300 m. The second sequence is attributed to a gradual evolution in the properties of a bubbly magma within an east‐striking dike below Halema'uma'u Crater, impacted by repeated roof collapses. A fluid‐filled crack model points to a decrease in gas volume fraction from 4.22% to 1.6 × 10−2% in the magma filling the dike, and a model of gas retro‐diffusion within the melt suggests a two orders of magnitude decrease in bubble number density from 7 × 108 m−3 down to 4 × 106 m−3. Both models feature a quasi to totally degassed magma by May 26.
Seasonal and Interannual Variability of the Meridional Overturning Circulation in the Subpolar North Atlantic Diagnosed From a High Resolution Reanalysis Data Set
Authors: Wang Hanshi , Zhao Jian , Li Feili , Lin Xiaopei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSubpolar North Atlantic is a vital region to modulate the variation of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC). Recently, trans‐basin mooring arrays were deployed to monitor the meridional volume and heat transport in this region. Motivated by these new observations, this study investigates the structure and variability of MOC using a high resolution data assimilative reanalysis product. Our results indicate that the reanalysis product successfully captures the vertical structure and variability for the basinwide integrated stream function. In accord with observations, the meridional volume transport across the section from Greenland to Scotland (i.e., the East Section) is much stronger than that in the Labrador Sea (i.e., the West Section). While the boundary currents in the Labrador Sea display dramatic seasonal variations, their seasonal cycles are largely compensated, leading to very weak seasonality in the MOC. On the other hand, the MOC across the East section has an apparent seasonal cycle with the density changes in the Irminger Basin playing a dominant role. On the interannual time scale, MOC variations across both the West and East sections have comparable amplitudes. In addition, we further split the MOC fluctuations into components induced by barotropic and baroclinic processes. The decomposed fields point out that the isopycnal layer thickness at the west of Greenland is the primary factor to modulate the MOC interannual variability across the West section. MOC interannual variability across the East section is mostly determined by barotropic velocity changes near the pathway of the North Atlantic Current.