bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leaf Surface Characteristics Affect the Deposition and Distribution of Droplets in Rice (Oryza Sativa L.)
Authors: Ji Guangmei , Chen Huizhe , Zhang Yuping , Xiang Jing , Wang Yaliang , Wang Zhigang , Zhang Yikai , Zhu Defeng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We studied the effects of leaf surface characteristics on canopy droplet behaviour using two rice cultivars with similar leaf shapes but significantly different leaf surface characteristics: Jia58 (glabrous rice; smooth leaf surface and no burrs) and Yongyou12 (hairy-leaved rice; rough leaf surface covered with burrs). The plants were subjected to spray tests with different spray pressures and nozzle apertures. The results show that the deposition amount per unit leaf area was significantly higher in the Yongyou12 canopy than in the Jia58 canopy. The diameter, volume median diameter, number median diameter, and coverage of droplets were significantly higher in Yongyou12 than in Jia58, while the coverage density of droplets was significantly lower. The proportion of small droplets of Jia58 is higher than that of Yongyou12. Thus, a larger amount of large-sized droplets could retain on the leaf surface of hairy-leaved rice, and a larger number of small-sized droplets were retained on the leaf surface of glabrous rice. Smaller pressure and larger flow nozzle were conducive to the retention of the Jia58, while Yongyou12 required larger pressure and larger flow nozzles. Ultrastructural analyses revealed that the leaf surface of glabrous rice had no trichomes and more wax than hairy-leaved rice, and the critical surface tension was lower, resulting in the retention of mainly small droplets on its leaf surface and a lower deposition amount. Therefore, in order to increase the deposition of pesticide droplets on the leaf surface in production, glabrous rice should choose nozzles with smaller spray pressure and large flow rate.
Evaluation of Cardiovascular Safety of COVID19 Vaccines in VAERS
Authors: Clark Matthew 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
While COVID19 vaccines have been administered to over 100 million patients, a small minority (40,000) have reported adverse events, and an even smaller fraction have reported cardiovascular issues (~500). There have been reporting of a few unusual cardiovascular events associated with some varieties of COVID19 vaccines resulting in pauses of use. Here we analyze the reports of adverse events associated with the COVID19 vaccines in the FDA Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) database to apply standard methods of detecting safety signals.
In this work we apply this methodology to reports in the FDA VAERS database and have identified concerning signals for pulmonary embolism and myocardial infarction associated with COVID19 vaccines. These signals are compared with cardiovascular events reported in connection with influenza (FLU3) vaccines that are administered to a similar population. While signals of these events are higher for COVID19 than other vaccines, the incidence rates are comparable to the normally expected rate for non-vaccinated individuals.
Hypertension as a Manifestation of COVID-19 Pneumonia
Authors: Bekbossynova Makhabbat , Ainur Tauekelova 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
COVID-19 has become a serious problem in the world due to its rapid spread and high mortality rate. Since the pandemic, various manifestations of COVID-19 pneumonia have been described, ranging from classic acute respiratory viral infections to thromboembolic manifestations as the first signs of the disease. However, the relationship between hypertension and its effect on the severity of COVID-19 is not studied well. Here we show the link between hypertension as one of the various manifestations of COVID-19 pneumonia. There is the hypothesis that the initial stage of infection is the penetration of SARS-CoV-2 into target cells with ACE2 receptors. However, some experimental studies have shown that ACE2 protects against lung damage. In this regard, it is logical to assume the presence in the pathogenesis of COVID - 19 conditions for an increase in blood pressure, which occurs in the early stages of the disease. Our result shows that hypertension can become the initial manifestation of the COVID-19 and it is very important to differentiate the disease patterns. Thus, this case clearly shows that any course of coronavirus infection could have a diverse nature of clinical forms and should have a personalized approach, taking into account risk factors and predictors, with the involvement of a multidisciplinary team to prevent long and post COVID-19 syndromes.
How the design and complexity of concept maps influence cognitive and motivational learning processes
Authors: Krieglstein Felix , Schneider Sascha , Beege Maik , Rey Günter Daniel 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Concept Maps are assumed to enhance learning as their inherent structure makes relations between information more salient. Nevertheless, research on how to design concept maps as conducive to learning as possible is still rare. In particular, the salience of spatial arrangement of thematically related concepts within the map as well as the complexity of the map were found to be central design elements that influence learning. This study aimed to examine how the structure (i.e., the salience of the spatial relationship between individual concepts) and the complexity (number of nodes per sub concept) influence learning. Accordingly, a 2 (low vs. high salience of map structure) x 2 (few vs. many nodes) between-subject design was used (N = 122) to measure cognitive and motivational processes. No significant learning and motivation group differences were found. Concepts maps with a low salience of map structure increased perceptions of disorientation. A serial mediation with the learning performance as a dependent variable revealed that the salience of the map structure is significantly associated with disorientation and extraneous cognitive load perceptions. By this, current attempts to measure extraneous cognitive load are questioned.
NADPH-dependent Secondary Amine Organocatalysis hosted by a Nucleotide-binding Domain
Authors: Williams Thomas , Tsai Yu-Hsuan , Luk Louis 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The concept of organocatalysis has been applied to facilitate “new-to-nature” reaction modes via artificial enzyme design. However, it remains challenging to recruit structurally complex natural molecules as synthetic reagents. Here, we have reported a generic design strategy that allows generation of a NADPH-dependent hybrid catalyst whose action is orchestrated by a secondary amine; this system recruits a reaction mode not commonly seen among enzymes, whilst involving an intricate cofactor that cannot be used by existing organocatalysts. A secondary amine organocatalytic motif was incorporated into protein scaffolds as an unnatural amino acid by expansion of the genetic code. When introduced into the multidrug binding protein LmrR, a hybrid catalyst accepting α,β-unsaturated carbonyl substrates for transfer hydrogenation was established but was confined to the much-simplified biomimetic benzyl dihydronicotinamide (BNAH). Conversely, dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) contains a nucleotide binding domain and can be converted into a hybrid catalyst that favourably uses NADPH for reaction, thus highlighting the importance of choosing an appropriate scaffold. The DHFR-hosted system tolerates a range of aldehyde substrates and can be coupled with an enzymatic NADPH regeneration scheme. The presented engineering approach can be readily extended to other protein scaffolds for use of different natural molecules in non-natural reaction modes.
Video-Based Interviewing in Medicine: A Scoping Review
Authors: Selvam Rajajee , Hu Richard , Musselman Reilly , Raiche Isabelle , McIsaac Daniel I , Moloo Husein 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: The Coronavirus 2019 pandemic necessitated a rapid uptake of video-based interviewing within the personnel selection process in healthcare. While video-based interviews have been evaluated previously, we identified a gap in the literature on the implementation of video-based interviews, and how they compare to their face-to-face counterparts. Methods: A scoping review was conducted to consolidate the available literature on the benefits and limitations of video-based interviews, and to understand the perceived barriers associated with transitioning away from face-to-face interviews. A search strategy, developed in concert with an academic health sciences librarian, was run on Ovid Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, and Cochrane Central. The search was performed on March 31, 2020, and updated on February 21, 2021. Studies that implemented and evaluated the impact of video-based interviewing in healthcare were included in our study. Review articles, and editorials were excluded. Results: Forty-three studies were included in our scoping review, of which 17 were conference abstracts and 26 were peer-reviewed manuscripts. The risk of bias was moderate or high in most studies, with only four studies having a low risk of bias. Both financial costs and opportunity costs associated with the selection process were reported to be improved with video-based interviewing, while the impact on environmental costs was not well explored. Technical limitations, which were not prevalent, were easily managed during the interview process. Overall, video-based interviews were well received by both applicants and interviewers, although most participants still reported a preference for face-to-face interviews. Conclusions: While video-based interviewing has become necessary during the Coronavirus 2019 era, there are benefits from a financial, opportunistic, and environmental point of view that argue for its continued use even after the pandemic. Despite its successful implementation with minimal technical issues, a preference still remains for face-to-face interviews. Reasons for this preference are not clear from the available literature. Future studies on the role of non-verbal communication during the video-based interview process are important to better understand how video-based interviewing can be optimized. Registration: This scoping review was registered with Open Science Framework.
Intramuscular hematoma of the vastus lateralis following percutaneous skeletal muscle micro-biopsy: a case report
Authors: Drouin Patrick Jonathan , Islam Hashim , Simpson Craig , Gurd Brendon 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background. Recently, percutaneous micro-biopsy needles have been used as a less invasive alternative to the Bergstrom needle for obtaining human skeletal muscle biopsy. Unlike the Bergstrom muscle biopsy procedure, potential complications associated with micro-biopsies of human skeletal muscle have not been documented. Therefore, the present case report follows a young male’s recovery from a muscle biopsy induced hemorrhage/hematoma of the right vastus lateralis with the specific aims of 1) informing future participants, researchers and clinicians on expected time course of recovery and 2) informing methods to minimize future participant adverse event risk during and after the percutaneous micro-biopsy procedure.Case Presentation. A 23-year-old male had a muscle biopsy completed on the right vastus lateralis. One day following the micro-biopsy procedure, the participant experienced severe sharp, shooting and throbbing pain. Rest, ice, compression and elevation was immediately advised. Five days later, the participant re-experienced severe sharp, shooting and throbbing pain. The participant could not walk and was driven to have an ultrasound completed of the anterolateral aspect of the right thigh. The ultrasound revealed a pulsatile mass in the deeper aspect of the right vastus lateralis, below the site of incision. We interpreted the ultrasonography images to suggest that the participant suffered from a muscle biopsy-induced hemorrhage of an artery in the right vastus lateralis leading to an intramuscular hematoma. Pain remained elevated until day 8 when pulsatile flow ceased. Thereafter, pain slowly began to fade away. 29 days after the micro-biopsy procedure, the participant was able to recommence participation in all athletic activities. A one-year follow-up confirmed no chronic consequences of the acute hemorrhage/hematoma.Conclusions. The present case report demonstrates that the inadvertent hemorrhaging of a neighboring vessel by percutaneous micro-biopsy procedure can be debilitating. When feasible, to minimize the risk of muscle biopsy-induced hemorrhage/hematoma, we advise ultrasound to identify a biopsy location with minimal risk for arterial bleeding. Post biopsy compression is recommended for up to 15 minutes and post-biopsy follow-up should be completed for up to 72 hours. When there is indication of hematoma development, compression should be applied, and the participant should avoid exercise and physical activity.
Effect of Preoperative CT Angiography Examination on the Clinical Outcome of Patients With BMI≥25.0kg/m2 Undergoing Laparoscopic Gastrectomy: Study Protocol for a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Meng Cheng , Cao Shougen , Liu Xiaodong , Li Leping , He Qingsi , Xia Lijian , Jiang Lixin , Chu Xianqun , Wang XinJian , Wang Hao , Hui Xizeng , Sun Zuocheng , Huang Shusheng , Duan Quanhong , Yang Daogui , Zhang Huanhu , Tian Yulong , Li Zequn , Zhou Yanbing 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

Gastric cancer, which ranks the fifth most common malignant and causes the third oncological death, especially in east Asian countries, such as China, Japan and Korea, is still a serious global healthy issue that caused heavy financial burden for the government and family. To our knowledge, there is seldom reports of multicenter randomized control trial on the utilization of CT angiography (CTA)for the patients who are diagnosed histological gastric cancer before surgery. Therefore, we conduct this RCT to verify whether the utilization of CTA can possibly change the short- and long-term clinical outcome or not.
Method:

The GISSG 20 − 01 study is a multicenter, prospective, open-lable clinical study that emphasis on the application of the CTA for the patients who will undergo the laparoscopic gastrectomy to prove the clinical outcome of it. 382 patients that meet the inclusion criteria and not in accordance with exclusion criteria will be recruited in the study and randomly divided into two groups with a 1:1 ratio: CTA group(n = 191) and Non-CTA group (n = 191). Apart from both of the two groups receive the examination of upper abdomen enhanced CT, the CTA group receive the examination of CT angiography. The primary endpoint of this trial is the volume of blood loss, the second primary endpoints are retrieved number of lymph nodes, postoperative recovery course, hospitalization costs, length of hospitalization days, postoperative complications, 3 years OS and 3 years DFS.
Discussion

It is anticipated that the result of this trial can provide high-level evidence and have clinical value on the application of CTA in laparoscopic gastrectomy.
Trial registration:

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04636099, Registered November 19, 2020
6,6'-Dimethyl-1,1',5,5'-tetraaza-6,6'-bi(bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane): synthesis and investigation of molecular structure by quantum-chemical calculations, NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis
Authors: Kolesnikova Inna Nikolaevna , Kuznetsov Vladimir Vladimirovich , Goloveshkin Alexander Sergeevich , Chegodaev Nikolai Andreevich , Makhova Nina Nickolaevna , Shishkov Igor Fedorovich 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A new diaziridine derivative with two bicyclic diaziridine-containing moieties in one molecule, 6,6'dimethyl-1,1',5,5'-tetraaza-6,6'-bi(bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane) (BiDiMDAH), has been synthesized for the first time. Its molecular structure has been investigated in the gas phase by means of quantum-chemical (QC) calculations, in CDCl3 solution by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and in the solid state by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. It was found by QC calculations that BiDiMDAH molecule in a free state presents a single conformer of C2 symmetry with trans orientation of the of the methyl groups about two carbons connecting diaziridine cycles. The 5-memebered rings in BiDiMDAH molecule has been found to be essentially planar. In order to explain conformational preferences of BiDiMDAH Natural Bond Orbitals (NBO) and Atoms in Molecules (AIM) analyses have been performed. According to the XRD data BiDiMDAH crystallizes in space group P21/c with molecular structure similar to that obtained by the means of QC calculations. The data of NMR spectroscopy has revealed that only one conformer is present in CDCl3 solution in agreement with the data of QC and XRD studies. The gaseous standard enthalpy of formation of BiDiMDAH has been estimated to be 443.8 ± 5.0 kJ/mol by means of G4 theory.
Using Geospatial Intelligence to Promote Precautionary Behavior During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Development and Validation of a Customized Messaging Campaign in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alrige Mayda , Bitar Hind , Meccawy Maram , Mullachery Balakrishnan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundDesigning a health promotion campaign is never an easy task, especially during a pandemic of a highly infectious disease such as COVID-19. In Saudi Arabia, many attempts have been made to raise public awareness about COVID-19 infection and precautionary health measures. However, most of the health information delivered through the national dashboard and the COVID-19 awareness campaigns are generic and do not necessarily make the impact needed to be seen on individuals’ behavior. ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to build and validate a customized messaging campaign to promote precautionary health behavior in individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Customization is realized by utilizing a geospatial artificial intelligence technique called the space-time cube (STC) technique. MethodsThis research was conducted in two sequential phases. In phase 1, an initial library of 32 messages was developed and validated based on Fogg behavior model for behavior change. In phase 2, we applied STC as a geospatial artificial intelligence technique to create a local map for one city with three different profiles representing the city districts. The model was built using COVID-19 real clinical data. The messages created in phase 1 is to be customized for residents in each city profile separately. Resultsn phase 1, 32 messages were developed based on resources from the World Health Organization and the Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia. The enumerated content validity of the messages was established through the utilization of the content validity index (CVI). Thirteen professional health care workers (n=13) evaluated the content of the message libraries in Arabic and English. Thirty-two messages were found to have acceptable content validity (I-CVI=0.87). In phase 2, the geospatial intelligence technique we applied showed three zones for the districts of Jeddah city: one for high infection, another for moderate infection, and the third for low infection. Combining the results from the first and second phases, a customized awareness campaign was shaped for the city of Jeddah. ConclusionsThis awareness campaign can be utilized by health authorities to raise individuals' awareness about the precautionary measures that should be taken based on the infection level of their district, and hence help in reducing the number of positive cases in the city of Jeddah.
Multivariable Models for Advanced Colorectal Neoplasms in Screen-Eligible Individuals at Low-to-Moderate Risk of Colorectal Cancer: Towards Improving Colonoscopy Prioritization
Authors: Murthy Sanjay K. , Antonova Lilia , Dube Catherine , Benchimol Eric I. , Gal Gregoire Le , Hae Richard , Burke Stephen , Ramsay Tim , Rostom Alaa 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

Advanced colorectal neoplasms (ACNs), including colorectal cancers (CRC) and high-risk adenomas (HRA), are detected in less than 20% of persons aged 50 years or older who undergo colonoscopy. We sought to derive predictive models that identify persons at high risk of harbouring ACNs to improve the rational allocation of colonoscopy resources.
Methods

We characterized neoplastic findings through chart review for consecutive individuals aged 50 years or older who underwent outpatient colonoscopy at The Ottawa Hospital (Ottawa, Canada) between April 1, 2008 and March 31, 2012 for low-to-moderate risk indications. We collected candidate predictors from chart review and population-level health administrative datasets to derive multivariable logistic regression models for risk of harboring ACNs at colonoscopy. We assessed model discriminatory capacity and calibration and ability of the models to improve colonoscopy specificity while maintaining excellent sensitivity for ACN capture.
Results

We modelled 17 candidate predictors in 11,724 individuals. The final CRC model comprised 8 variables and had a c-statistic value of 0.957 and a goodness-of-fit p-value of 0.527. Application of the models to our cohort permitted 100% sensitivity for identifying persons with CRC and > 90% sensitivity for identifying persons with HRA, while improving colonoscopy specificity for ACNs by 23.8%.
Conclusions

Our multivariable models show excellent discriminatory capacity for persons with ACNs and can significantly increase colonoscopy specificity. If validated, these models could allow more efficient allocation of colonoscopy resources, potentially reducing wait times for those at higher risk while deferring unnecessary colonoscopies in low-risk individuals.
Neural Sources Underlying Visual Word Form Processing as Revealed by Steady State Visual Evoked Potentials (SSVEP)
Authors: Wang Fang , Kaneshiro Blair , Strauber C. Benjamin , Hasak Lindsey , Nguyen Quynh Trang H. , Yakovleva Alexandra , Vildavski Vladimir Y. , Norcia Anthony M. , McCandliss Bruce D. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
EEG has been central to investigations of the time course of various neural functions underpinning visual word recognition. Recently the steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) paradigm has been increasingly adopted for word recognition studies due to its high signal-to-noise ratio. Such studies, however, have been typically framed around a single source in the left ventral occipitotemporal cortex (vOT). Here, we combine SSVEP recorded from 16 adult native English speakers with a data-driven spatial filtering approach - Reliable Components Analysis (RCA) - to elucidate distinct functional sources with overlapping yet separable time courses and topographies that emerge when contrasting words with pseudofont visual controls. The first component topography was maximal over left vOT regions with an shorter latency (approximately 180 msec). A second component was maximal over more dorsal parietal regions with a longer latency (approximately 260 msec). Both components consistently emerged across a range of parameter manipulations including changes in the spatial overlap between successive stimuli, and changes in both base and deviation frequency. We then contrasted word-in-nonword and word-in-pseudoword to test the hierarchical processing mechanisms underlying visual word recognition. Results suggest that these hierarchical contrasts fail to evoke a unitary component that might be reasonably associated with lexical access.