bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining solubility for finitely generated groups of PL homeomorphisms
Authors: Bleak Collin , Brough Tara , Hermiller Susan 
Published: March 2021

The set of finitely generated subgroups of the group

P

L
+

(
I
)

PL_+(I)

of orientation-preserving piecewise-linear homeomorphisms of the unit interval includes many important groups, most notably R. Thompson’s group

F
F

. Here, we show that every finitely generated subgroup

G
>
P

L
+

(
I
)

G>PL_+(I)

is either soluble, or contains an embedded copy of the finitely generated, non-soluble Brin-Navas group

B
B

, affirming a conjecture of the first author from 2009. In the case that

G
G

is soluble, we show the derived length of

G
G

is bounded above by the number of breakpoints of any finite set of generators. We specify a set of ‘computable’ subgroups of

P

L
+

(
I
)

PL_+(I)

(which includes R. Thompson’s group

F
F

) and give an algorithm which determines whether or not a given finite subset

X
X

of such a computable group generates a soluble group. When the group is soluble, the algorithm also determines the derived length of

⟨
X
⟩

\langle X\rangle

. Finally, we give a solution of the membership problem for a particular family of finitely generated soluble subgroups of any computable subgroup of

P

L
+

(
I
)

PL_+(I)

.
Proteomic Biomarkers in the Cardiorenal Syndrome: Toward Deciphering Molecular Pathophysiology
Authors: He Tianlin , Zhang Zhenyu , Staessen Jan A , Mischak Harald , Latosinska Agnieszka , Beige Joachim 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is defined by coexisting heart and renal dysfunctions. Malfunction of 1 organ may cause dysfunction of the other with variable causative disease that defines the type of CRS (1–5). Numerous studies showed that the prevalence of cardiovascular disease is increased in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Similarly, CKD affects a large proportion of patients with heart failure. This overlap between primary heart or primary kidney disease blurs cause–effect inferences of the initiator/target organ. The classical subdivision of CRS in 5 categories does not provide pathophysiological suggestions for targeted intervention. It seems timely to revisit the value of CRS biomarkers in a pathophysiology-centered approach. We systematically reviewed the literature in CRS, which revealed 53 clinical studies describing the use of 44 biomarkers and 4 proteomic panels. All biomarkers are involved in at least one of the CRS comorbidities. Among the pathways affected, inflammation, aberrant glucose metabolism, neurohormonal activation, and oxidative stress are well described. There is growing evidence that fibrosis may be the “cornerstone” that unifies most of the pathways leading to CRS. Formation of excess fibrous connective tissue antedates CRS in many cases. This review highlights that biomarkers reflecting fibrosis may be of substantial clinical value in the early detection, prognostication, and guiding treatment of CRS. Biomarkers detecting changes in collagen turnover in the extracellular matrix of heart and kidney appear able to depict subclinical changes in the fibrotic remodeling of tissues and constitute a promising approach toward personalized intervention in CRS.
Estimates of Inhalation Exposures among Land Workers during the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Clean-up Operations
Authors: Huynh Tran B , Groth Caroline P , Ramachandran Gurumurthy , Banerjee Sudipto , Stenzel Mark , Blair Aaron , Sandler Dale P , Engel Lawrence S , Kwok Richard K , Stewart Patricia A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill disaster, thousands of workers and volunteers cleaned the shoreline across four coastal states of the Gulf of Mexico. For the GuLF STUDY, we developed quantitative estimates of oil-related chemical exposures [total petroleum hydrocarbons (THC), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and n-hexane (BTEX-H)] from personal measurements on workers performing various spill clean-up operations on land. These operations included decontamination of vessels, equipment, booms, and personnel; handling of oily booms; hazardous waste management; beach, marsh, and jetty clean-up; aerial missions; wildlife rescue and rehabilitation; and administrative support activities. Exposure estimates were developed for unique groups of workers by (i) activity, (ii) state, and (iii) time period. Estimates of the arithmetic means (AMs) for THC ranged from 0.04 to 3.67 ppm. BTEX-H estimates were substantially lower than THC (in the parts per billion range). Both THC and BTEX-H estimates were substantially lower than their respective occupational exposure limits. The work group, ‘Fueled engines’ consistently was one of the higher exposed groups to THC and BTEX-H. Notable differences in the AM exposures were observed by activity, time and, to a lesser degree, by state. These exposure estimates were used to develop job-exposure matrices for the GuLF STUDY.
Exploratory Interactive Explaining (EXINTEX): Constructing Disciplinary Knowledge in Two Multilingual University Settings
Authors: Komori-Glatz Miya , Smit Ute 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The rise of English-medium education has led to considerable academic interest in communicative practices in multilingual university settings. However, there is still little research into disciplinary knowledge construction in higher education contexts where English is the academic lingua franca. To address this gap, we embrace the central role of explaining in education by proposing Exploratory Interactive Explaining (EXINTEX) as an analytical tool, which identifies the elements of explanatory episodes in the joint development of disciplinary knowledge. We then apply this tool at the micro-level of interaction to two comparable contexts differentiated primarily by the presence or absence of a teacher. Our findings confirm the relevance and high level of educational success of EXINTEX episodes in both quantitative and qualitative terms. They further reveal the dynamic interplay of epistemic authority and engagement in the learning process. Additionally, they show how research into educational disciplinary discourse and English as a lingua franca in academic settings can complement and supplement each other.
Sexual Well-Being Informed Social Work Practice: Harnessing the Power of Reflection and a Hallmark Experiential Sexuality Education Activity
Authors: Turner George W , Pelts Michael 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Moving human sexuality beyond a specialty focus and establishing a sexuality discourse within social work’s foundation may be challenging. Group process and reflection, hallmarks of social work, may be a way to integrate this sometimes overlooked and often taboo conversation into social work coursework. Undergrad students from two Mid-western universities reflected on the usefulness of an established experiential sex education activity . Qualitative analysis of student narratives resulted in seven themes describing the usefulness of this activity including: (i) emotional intimacy; (ii) connection; (iii) power of personal stories; (iv) normalising; (v) healing; (vi) clinical profile and (vii) RE-storying. These themes demonstrate that this activity has clear benefits and enriches the overall learning of the topic of human sexuality. Further, these themes fit nicely within a social work pedagogy teaching clinical practice skills such as group process, rapport building and use of self. Implications for social work are discussed.
Functional maps of direct electrical stimulation-induced speech arrest and anomia: a multicentre retrospective study
Authors: Lu Junfeng , Zhao Zehao , Zhang Jie , Wu Bin , Zhu Yanming , Chang Edward F , Wu Jinsong , Duffau Hugues , Berger Mitchel S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Direct electrical stimulation, the transient ‘lesional’ method probing brain function, has been utilized in identifying the language cortex and preserving language function during epilepsy and neuro-oncological surgeries for about a century. However, comparison of functional maps of the language cortex across languages/continents based on cortical stimulation remains unclear. We conducted a retrospective multicentre study including four cohorts of direct electrical stimulation mapping from four centres across three continents, where three indigenous languages (English, French and Mandarin) are spoken. All subjects performed the two most common language tasks: number counting and picture naming during stimulation. All language sites were recorded and normalized to the same brain template. Next, Spearman’s correlation analysis was performed to explore the consistency of the distributions of the language cortex across centres, a kernel density estimation to localize the peak coordinates, and a hierarchical cluster analysis was performed to detect the crucial epicenters. A total of 598 subjects with 917 speech arrest sites (complete interruption of ongoing counting) and 423 anomia sites (inability to name or misnaming) were included. Different centres presented highly consistent distribution patterns for speech arrest (Spearman’s coefficient r ranged from 0.60 to 0.85, all pair-wise correlations P &lt; 0.05), and similar patterns for anomia (Spearman’s coefficient r ranged from 0.37 to 0.80). The combinational speech arrest map was divided into four clusters: cluster 1 mainly located in the ventral precentral gyrus and pars opercularis, which contained the peak of speech arrest in the ventral precentral gyrus; cluster 2 in the ventral and dorsal precentral gyrus; cluster 3 in the supplementary motor area; cluster 4 in the posterior superior temporal gyrus and supramarginal gyrus. The anomia map revealed two clusters: one was in the posterior part of the superior and middle temporal gyri, which peaked at the posterior superior temporal gyrus; and the other within the inferior frontal gyrus, peaked at the pars triangularis. This study constitutes the largest series to date of language maps generated from direct electrical stimulation mapping. The consistency of data provides evidence for common language networks across languages, in the context of both speech and naming circuit. Our results not only clinically offer an atlas for language mapping and protection, but also scientifically provide better insight into the functional organization of language networks.
SERCA2a stimulation by istaroxime improves intracellular Ca2+ handling and diastolic dysfunction in a model of diabetic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Torre Eleonora , Arici Martina , Lodrini Alessandra Maria , Ferrandi Mara , Barassi Paolo , Hsu Shih-Che , Chang Gwo-Jyh , Boz Elisabetta , Sala Emanuela , Vagni Sara , Altomare Claudia , Mostacciuolo Gaspare , Bussadori Claudio , Ferrari Patrizia , Bianchi Giuseppe , Rocchetti Marcella 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Aims
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a multifactorial disease characterized by an early onset of diastolic dysfunction (DD) that precedes the development of systolic impairment. Mechanisms that can restore cardiac relaxation improving intracellular Ca2+ dynamics represent a promising therapeutic approach for cardiovascular diseases associated to DD. Istaroxime has the dual properties to accelerate Ca2+ uptake into sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) through the SR Ca2+ pump (SERCA2a) stimulation and to inhibit Na+/K+ ATPase (NKA). This project aims to characterize istaroxime effects at a concentration (100 nmol/L) marginally affecting NKA, in order to highlight its effects dependent on the stimulation of SERCA2a in an animal model of mild diabetes.

Methods and results
Streptozotocin (STZ) treated diabetic rats were studied at 9  weeks after STZ injection in comparison to controls (CTR). Istaroxime effects were evaluated in vivo and in left ventricular (LV) preparations. STZ animals showed (i) marked DD not associated to cardiac fibrosis, (ii) LV mass reduction associated to reduced LV cell dimension and T-tubules loss, (iii) reduced LV SERCA2 protein level and activity and (iv) slower SR Ca2+ uptake rate, (v) LV action potential (AP) prolongation and increased short-term variability (STV) of AP duration, (vi) increased diastolic Ca2+, and (vii) unaltered SR Ca2+ content and stability in intact cells. Acute istaroxime infusion (0.11 mg/kg/min for 15 min) reduced DD in STZ rats. Accordingly, in STZ myocytes istaroxime (100 nmol/L) stimulated SERCA2a activity and blunted STZ-induced abnormalities in LV Ca2+ dynamics. In CTR myocytes, istaroxime increased diastolic Ca2+ level due to NKA blockade albeit minimal, while its effects on SERCA2a were almost absent.

Conclusions
SERCA2a stimulation by istaroxime improved STZ-induced DD and intracellular Ca2+ handling anomalies. Thus, SERCA2a stimulation can be considered a promising therapeutic approach for DD treatment.
‘A bridge over troubled water’: a case report
Authors: D’Amario Domenico , Cammarano Michela , Quarta Rossella , Casamassima Fabio , Restivo Attilio , Bianco Massimiliano , Palmieri Vincenzo , Zeppilli Paolo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Myocardial bridge (MB) is the most common inborn coronary artery variant, in which a portion of myocardium overlies a major epicardial coronary artery segment. Myocardial bridge has been for long considered a benign condition, although it has been shown to cause effort-related ischaemia.

Case summary
We present the case of a 17-year-old female patient experiencing chest pain during physical activity. Since her symptoms became unbearable, electrocardiogram and echocardiography were performed together with a coronary computed tomography scan, revealing an MB on proximal-mid left anterior descending artery. In order to unequivocally unmask the ischaemic burden lent by MB, the patient underwent coronary angiography and physiological invasive test: instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) and fractional flow reserve (FFR) were calculated, both at baseline and after dobutamine infusion (5 µg/kg/min). At baseline, iFR value was borderline (= 0.89), whereas after dobutamine infusion and increase in the heart rate, the patient suffered chest pain. This symptom was associated with a decrease in the iFR value up to 0.77. Consistently, when FFR was performed, a value of 0.92 was observed at baseline, while after inotrope infusion the FFR reached the haemodynamic significance (= 0.79). Therefore, a medical treatment with bisoprolol was started.

Discussion
Our clinical case shows the importance of a comprehensive non-invasive and invasive assessment of MB in young patients experiencing chest pain, with significant limitation in the daily life. The coronary functional indexes allow to detect the presence of MB-derived ischaemia, thus guiding the decision to undertake a medical/surgical therapy.
Antithrombotic treatment management in low stroke risk patients undergoing cardioversion of atrial fibrillation &lt;48 h duration: results of an EHRA survey
Authors: Migliore Federico , Providencia Rui , Farkowski Michal M , Dan Georghe Andrei , Daniel Scherr , Potpara Tatjana S , Jubele Kristine , Chun Julian K R , de Asmundis Carlo , Zorzi Alessandro , Boveda Serge 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Data supporting the safety of cardioversion (CV) of atrial fibrillation (AF) without anticoagulation in patients with AF duration &lt;48 h are scarce. Observational studies suggest that the risk of stroke in these patients is very low when the definite duration of the AF episode is of &lt;48 h and the clinical risk profile as estimated through the CHA2DS2VASc score is low (a score of 0 for men and 1 for women). As the recent 2020 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines indication for this clinical scenario is based mainly on consensus, we sent out a survey to assess the current clinical practice on anticoagulation prior to and post-CV in patients with AF &lt;24–48 h duration and low stroke risk across centres in Europe. Of the 136 respondents, half were affiliated to university hospitals (68/136; 50%). Non-university hospitals (50/136; 36%) and private hospitals (2/136; 1.4%) accounted over a third of respondents. The main findings of our survey were (i) heterogeneity in the anticoagulation management both before and post-CV in low stroke-risk patients with AF &lt;48 h, (ii) higher utilization of periprocedural low-molecular-weight heparin than of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant, (iii) higher utilization of pre-CV transoesophageal echocardiography for electrical CV than for pharmacological CV regardless of the duration of AF, (iv) high adherence to a 4-week post-CV oral anticoagulant (OAC) therapy, mainly for electrical CV, and finally, (v) perceived higher acceptance of lack of post-CV OAC therapy in patients with &lt;24 h than 24-48 h episode duration. The results obtained in this survey highlight the need for more research providing definitive clarification on the safety of CV without anticoagulation in patients with short duration AF.
Social media influencers can be used to deliver positive information about the flu vaccine: findings from a multi-year study
Authors: Bonnevie Erika , Smith Sierra M , Kummeth Caitlin , Goldbarg Jaclyn , Smyser Joe 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Large-scale digital flu vaccine campaigns have experienced difficulty increasing vaccination coverage among African Americans and Hispanics, and are routinely inundated by negative responses from vaccine opponents. A digital campaign employing user-generated content from social media ‘micro’ influencers who are predominantly followed by African Americans and Hispanics was implemented during the 2018–19 and 2019–20 flu seasons to disseminate positive information about the flu vaccine. At the time, this constituted the largest influencer-driven health campaign focused on these communities in the United States. Comments on posts were qualitatively coded to determine content perceptions among those exposed to posts. Digital metrics were also analyzed. During Year 1, posts reached 9 million+ social media users and generated 64 612 likes or shares, and 1512 responses. In Year 2, posts reached 8 million+ users and generated 155 600 likes or shares, and 3122 responses. Around 94% of public responses to posts were positive, suggesting this is a promising strategy to communicate health information and could shift social norms, particularly for heavily debated topics such as vaccination. This strategy represents a more community-led and participatory approach than most large-scale vaccination campaigns have attempted, with immediate applicability to communications about the COVID-19 vaccine.
FOXO1 controls protein synthesis and transcript abundance of mutant polyglutamine proteins, preventing protein aggregation
Authors: Furtado Gabriel Vasata , Yang Jing , Wu Di , Papagiannopoulos Christos I , Terpstra Hanna M , Kuiper E F Elsiena , Krauss Sybille , Zhu Wei-Guo , Kampinga Harm H , Bergink Steven 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
FOXO1, a transcription factor downstream of the insulin/insulin like growth factor axis, has been linked to protein degradation. Elevated expression of FOXO orthologs can also prevent the aggregation of cytosine adenine guanine (CAG)-repeat disease causing polyglutamine (polyQ) proteins but whether FOXO1 targets mutant proteins for degradation is unclear. Here, we show that increased expression of FOXO1 prevents toxic polyQ aggregation in human cells while reducing FOXO1 levels has the opposite effect and accelerates it. Although FOXO1 indeed stimulates autophagy, its effect on polyQ aggregation is independent of autophagy, ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) mediated protein degradation and is not due to a change in mutant polyQ protein turnover. Instead, FOXO1 specifically downregulates protein synthesis rates from expanded pathogenic CAG repeat transcripts. FOXO1 orchestrates a change in the composition of proteins that occupy mutant expanded CAG transcripts, including the recruitment of IGF2BP3. This mRNA binding protein enables a FOXO1 driven decrease in pathogenic expanded CAG transcript- and protein levels, thereby reducing the initiation of amyloidogenesis. Our data thus demonstrate that FOXO1 not only preserves protein homeostasis at multiple levels, but also reduces the accumulation of aberrant RNA species that may co-contribute to the toxicity in CAG-repeat diseases.
Impact of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Nasopharyngeal Carriage Rates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in a Rural Community in the Dominican Republic
Authors: Dunn Maria G , Lessa Fernanda C , Sánchez Jacqueline , Cordero Ramona , Feris-Iglesias Jesús , Cedano Doraliza , Carvalho Maria da Glória , Fernández Josefina , Feemster Kristen A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) leads to thousands of pediatric deaths annually. Pneumococcal colonization precedes IPD. In 2013, the Dominican Republic introduced the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) into its routine infant immunization program, with doses at ages 2, 4, and 12 months. Prevalence of pneumococcal nasopharyngeal colonization was evaluated post–PCV13 introduction.

Methods
A prospective cohort study of 125 children aged 2–35 months was conducted in a rural Dominican Republic community November 2016 through July 2017. Nasopharyngeal swabs and clinical and vaccination data were collected at enrollment and 4–6 months later. Serotypes included in PCV13 were defined as vaccine-type. Colonization rates and serotype distribution were compared at baseline and follow-up, and the association between colonization and vaccination status among the entire cohort was evaluated at each time point.

Results
Of 125 children enrolled, 118 (94%) completed follow-up. Overall and vaccine-type pneumococcal colonization rates were 62% and 25%, respectively, at baseline and 60% and 28% at follow-up. Among children age-eligible for 3 doses, 50% and 51% were fully vaccinated at baseline and follow-up, respectively. At baseline assessment, children up-to-date for age for PCV13 were less likely to be colonized with vaccine-type pneumococci than children not up-to-date, and the same was found for fully vaccinated children (3 doses) compared to those not fully vaccinated (odds ratios [ORs], 0.38 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .18–.79], and 0.14 [95% CI, .04–.45], respectively). The same associations were not found at follow-up assessment.

Conclusions
Three years post -PCV13 introduction, vaccine-type colonization rates remained high. Low vaccination coverage for 3 PCV13 doses may have contributed. The protective effect of PCV13 on vaccine-type carriage suggests an increase in PCV13 coverage could lead to substantial declines in pneumococcal vaccine-type carriage.