bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traffic intensity calculation criteria for freight vehicles
Authors: Volkova E V , Stepanenko A A 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo choose the road pavement, it is necessary to determine the traffic intensity and composition of the traffic flow on highways. The existing methods are used depending on the number of axles or carrying capacity of trucks. The purpose of this study is to compare the methods for determining the traffic intensity of vehicles and analyze the values of the minimum total modulus of elasticity. The article presents the results of calculation of the modulus of elasticity based on the traffic flow, the number of axles and carrying capacity of the vehicle. As part of the analysis, tables were compiled, the total estimated number of applications of the design load to a surface point was determined, and the minimum total modulus of elasticity of the road structure was calculated. The result of the research is recommendations for choosing a method for recording traffic intensity depending on the road category and traffic flow composition.
Analysis of the effect of the estimated temperature difference on the cost of the heating system of an individual residential building
Authors: Zateeva A V , Kuzmin S I 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper assesses the impact of the temperature potential of the coolant on the expected cost-effectiveness of autonomous heating systems for an individual residential building. The analysis is based on a system of equations that characterize the dependence of the economic criterion - specific costs from the consumption of the heat carrier and the size of the equipment of the water heating system - pipes, heating devices, water boilers, circulating pumps, fittings for facilities located in different climatic zones, taking into account the existing regulatory recommendations on the level of thermal protection of buildings with different volume and planning indicators.
The method of assessing the effectiveness of air-water heat pumps for heating individual buildings
Authors: Zelenina A A , Kuzmin S I 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper provides a justification for the assessment of the effectiveness of the use of air-water heat pumps in the heating systems of individual residential buildings in conjunction with the water boiler. The criterion for the cost-effectiveness of the heating system with a combined heat source is the relative cost of equipment and operation of the system, given to the duration of the heating period. Cost components are presented in the form of a system of equations reflecting the dependence of the price parameters of heating system equipment on thermal characteristics. The proposed method of assessing the benefits of renewable energy is applicable to different climatic areas.
World economy development forecast during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Arkhipova A N , Turkova V N , Kuznetsova O N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
More than a decade after the global financial crisis, the world is fighting against the health and economic implications of a new deep crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Advanced economies entered this crisis with historically low interest rates and public debt whose amount was higher than in the 1960 years. They will recover with a higher amount of public debts. Based on pre-pandemic analysis, this article explores options for policymakers to respond to adverse economic shocks. In 2020-2021, according to the International Monetary Fund, the losses of the world economy will be $ 9 trillion. The gross domestic product (GDP) of Russia will decline by 5.5%. In 2021, the GDP of all countries will grow. In general, the developing economies and expanding markets will lose 1% of GDP in 2020, and in 2021, it will be 6.6%. In 2020, the world trade volume will decline by 11%. The depth and duration of the economic downturn will depend on many factors, including the virus behavior, the public health response, and economic interventions.
The leasing development tools in the construction industry of the Russian Federation
Authors: Barykina Y N , Chernykh A G 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The article deals with the need for leasing financing of construction organizations aimed to modernize, restore and purchase construction equipment. The importance of leasing in the construction industry of the Russian Federation is revealed. The coefficients of renewal and liquidation and the degree of depreciation of fixed assets are determined. The share of construction machinery and equipment in the structure of the leasing market is presented for the last two years. An important task is to lease objects of the construction industry as one of the most effective investment mechanism for the implementation of innovative construction technologies. The cost and structure of financial leasing agreements in the construction industry are analyzed. The trends in the development of modern leasing in the construction industry are revealed. The risks of transferring financial leasing to operating leasing are described. The article analyzes a system of aggregated leasing that takes into account interests of counterparties in leasing transactions and allows for eliminating leasing risks that are not common in the Russian Federation. The system of aggregated leasing focuses on the use of several types of leasing and combines the elements of leasing financing into a single investment tool.
The domestic real estate market during financial crises
Authors: Bogatyreva M V , Leskinen M I , Kolmakov M A 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe article notes that the Russian real estate market is very young - mass supply and mass demand appeared less than twenty years ago. It is a result of the Russian economic boom in the first decade of the 21st century. Twice the growth of the real estate market in Russia was interrupted because of financial crises. The 2008 liquidity crisis had a devastating impact on the Russian real estate market. It was accompanied by numerous bankruptcies of large construction firms. As a result, the volume of housing supply decreased in the following years. The crisis of 2014 proved to be particularly painful for global commodity exporters, and Russia was no exception. The market reaction to money supply contraction was closer to classic cases. Interest rates rose sharply, and the price of real estate (both residential and commercial) fell significantly. Over the last two years, stagnation in the real estate market in Russia has been replaced by growth. This growth is more noticeable in the housing sector.
Banking competition as the basis of investment demand
Authors: Bogatyreva M V , Balashova M A , Matveev N V 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The article is devoted to the analysis of the situation when one bank in the market has excess market power. This concentration of assets negatively affects the state of competition in the Russian banking sector. This is evidenced by the downward inflexibility of interest rates, which is observed in all segments of household lending. High interest rates, in turn, hinder an increase in investment and consumer demand from Russian firms and households. This trend towards inflexibility of nominal and real interest rates in the Russian economy is confirmed by empirical data in recent years. In addition, the article compares the dynamics of interest rates in Russia and the United States in comparable periods of time. Based on these data, the authors come to the conclusion about a high degree of monopolization of the Russian banking market.
Development of small and medium-sized businesses in the construction industry through the use of business networks
Authors: Burov V Y , Khokhlova G I , Kretova N V 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Practice shows that in all sectors of the economy there are network educations of entrepreneurs that contribute to improving the competitiveness of small businesses in various sectors of the economy. The network model of business organization is focused on a stable set of independent economic entities involved in the creation of goods and services based on contracts that facilitate the coordination of activities. The purpose of the work is to study the activities of small businesses in the construction industry and identify state mechanisms for its support through the functioning of business networks. The authors prove that the development of the construction industry is one of the most effective ways of economic growth, and identify the main advantages of using business networks for small business development: providing resources, increasing labor productivity, and increasing opportunities for innovation. At the same time, the problems of functioning of business structures in the construction industry and the consequences of their activities in the shadow sector of the economy are shown. The scientific article reveals the role of small business in the construction industry as a driver of growth in the socio-economic development of the region, presents the stages of formation of business networks small business, identifies the main elements of the system of state support for small business within the organization of business networks.
Some features of the legal relationship that arises when performing contract work for state or municipal needs in the construction sector
Authors: Cherdakova L A , Stepanenko O G , Shevchuk E P 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In the article, the authors identify the features of the legal relationship that arises when concluding a contract for state and municipal needs. The authors conclude that this kind of specificity is related to the subject structure of this legal relationship, its object and the purpose that mediates the emergence of a contractual obligation: satisfaction of public needs and interests
Some problems of innovative approaches in determining the cost of construction, reconstruction and major repairs of buildings
Authors: Dediukhina E S 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe article deals with the problems of pricing in the construction industry that arose in the process of reforming the system and introducing innovative approaches to determining the estimated cost of construction, reconstruction and major repairs of capital construction objects. Possible consequences are described for the identified problems and recommendations for their elimination are given. The cost of repair and construction works calculated by different methods is compared. The amount of losses of the construction works manufacturer from the use of an imperfect system for calculating the cost of delivering materials to an on-site warehouse for objects of budget financing in the Irkutsk region is calculated.
Specifics of advertising communication in the construction sector: features, ways to attract attention and directions of functioning
Authors: Drugova E S , Zhelnovakova M F , Pomuleva Y A , Kazorina A V 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe article analyzes the features of advertising communication in the construction industry. To promote their own services, construction companies use various ways to attract attention. In the current economic conditions of the country, there is a significant growth of construction companies and organizations, as well as companies offering services for the repair and maintenance of residential and non-residential (industrial, entertainment) institutions. In the context of increased competition, it is necessary to take into account the parameters of compliance with the requirements of target groups: to rely on the preferences of the audience; research the interests and desires of the consumer; place up-to-date information in the text of advertising messages; resort to new advertising techniques; promise the consumer benefits from purchasing an advertising object/service; use high-quality images that correspond to the construction theme. When creating advertising messages in the field of construction, you must include such elements as: binding to the place of implementation of the construction object, terms of implementation/commissioning of objects; approximate price range; visualization of the object of advertising. To create advertising appeals to promote construction projects and services apply techniques such as: receiving visual accents, teaser ads, the inclusion of advertising characters, the layout of visual objects, the reception promises an efficient method to inform, exaggeration, stereotyping, the use of metaphors. Image direction is a priority way to advertise construction companies and services.
Real estate market: new conditions and realities
Authors: Dykusova A G , Yarkova T A , Chernonozhkina N V 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The modern real estate market is very sensitive not only to economic and political changes but also to changing epidemiological conditions. The forecast that experts in the field of housing construction give today is very ambiguous. According to a number of experts, the growth as well as decline is possible if all factors affecting the market are observed and they may not be interrelated. The real estate market has felt the impact of the crisis from two sides – a drop in demand and a stop in construction. Before the pandemic hit different countries the housing market was steadily gaining momentum, recovering from the crises of previous years, the level of activity and price growth gradually increased due to continuing labor market conditions, low construction costs and interest rates on loans. The beginning of 2020 was a real test not only for the real estate market but also for the entire economy as a whole, the pandemic made its own adjustments. The current crisis has a completely different nature – against the general background of the deterioration of the situation on the world market caused by the fall in oil prices, the failure of the OPEC deal, the coronavirus pandemic caused a general economic downturn in the world and the aggravation of internal problems in various sectors.
Methods for operational risk’s analysis of entrepreneurial structures in civil engineering
Authors: Kogan A B 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The object of this research work is constructional business structures’ activity. The subject of the research is the connection between profit and work volume, taking into account a construction company’s tax and economic specifics. This research work’s goal is to develop formulas for calculating the break-even point (BEP) of a construction (contracting) company. In this case, the company can use three tax regimes. Firstly, it is the general taxation system (GTS), where the value added tax is paid. Secondly, it is a simplified taxation system (STS) with the object of taxation “income”. Thirdly, it is the taxation object STS “income reduced by the amount of expenses.” Methods of budgeting, methods of calculating tax liabilities, algebra, and general scientific methods are used to obtain the results. The approbation was carried out on the economic model of a construction firm, compiled with the use of data on the estimated cost of a building object in Novosibirsk. As a result, formulas have been developed for calculating the construction companies’ BEP, using STS, as well as BEP formulas of construction companies with the use of STS with various objects of taxation. These three BEPs values comparison is carried out, which proves the influence of the taxation system on the risks magnitude, the taxation system with the highest BEP is shown. The effect paradoxicality of STS on the tax liabilities amount, profits and operational risks is shown.
Apartment building management
Authors: Krasnoyarova E V 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The article discusses the issues of apartment building management, analyzes the concept of common property and opinions of landlords, examines the rights of apartment building management bodies (general meetings of landlords), councils of apartment buildings, as well as studies controversial aspects of law enforcement practices. The research is based on the analysis of the law enforcement practices, including materials of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, personal experience, observations of activities of the councils of apartment buildings. The relevance of the issue is due to the lack of conditions for enforcing legal rules, implementing specific legal mechanisms, negative law enforcement practices, numerous legal proceedings and interpretations provided by higher judicial bodies. The work is independent and original. It is aimed at summarizing the current law enforcement practices. The study is carried out at the junction of constitutional, civil, and housing branches of law. The main emphasis is on the analysis of civil law norms governing the property rights and housing relations. The works by civil scientists (M.M. Braginsky, V. V. Vitryansky [1], O.S. Ioffe [2], E.A. Sukhanov [3]) are used as a methodological basis. The author’s previous work deals with the issues of apartment building management from the labor law’s perspective [4]. It seems interesting to analyze the rights of apartment building management bodies and develop recommendations for improving the apartment building management legislation.
The lending efficiency in the construction industry
Authors: Krasovskaya O A , Vyaznikov V E 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe article discusses the possibility of providing bank loans to construction companies that build residential complexes. A new form of lending developed by the Government of the Russian Federation is analyzed. A new form of lending is aimed at improving the situation in the construction industry. The statistics on housing commissioning provided by the Bank of Russia is analyzed. The goal of the monetary policy of the Bank of Russia is to improve the situation in the development of housing construction. A diagram of escrow accounts used by companies is presented. It reflects the interaction of all participants. An analysis of data on housing commissioning over the past two years is carried out and housing commissioning problems are identified. An annual increase in borrowed resources is determined. It reflects the lending activity of construction companies. Conclusions on the use of escrow agreements as a new financing model are drawn.
The sharing economy is in real estate, from the institute of trust to the decentralized solutions
Authors: Kubasova T I , Troitskaya L I , Gladkova O N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In the article the authors examine the institute of trust as a new value category that forms an innovative economic platform for the world economy, the most important element of which is the sharing economy. The influence of digitalization on the value attitudes of participants in the real estate business system using the model of I. Ansoff (ESO model) is determined. The classical value attitudes of participants in the real estate market business system for decentralized digital platforms (blockchain technologies) based on the institution of trust have been clarified and their expanded interpretation has been given. The fact is revealed that in the real estate sphere, the main intentions that gather participants in complex dynamic business systems and collective scenarios into a business system are their equal value attitudes and trust relationships. The classification of digital technologies existing in the professional environment is used in relation to the real estate market. The authors conducted an independent study using the method of expert assessment. As a result, it was found that the sharing economy and digitalization are the defining vector of development of the modern real estate market. The practice of using digital technologies in the real estate market is generalized.
From shared construction to project funding
Authors: Litvinova O V 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The article studies the process of development of the shared construction model as an investment scheme in the construction sector. Information on the housing issues in Russia, the constitutional right to housing and methods of exercising this right is provided. For a deeper understanding of the issue, it is necessary to study the history of development of the shared construction model, its strengths and weaknesses, as well as the factors affecting this type of housing purchase. The construction investment legislation lacks rules for organizing the process. Therefore, it is necessary to amend the legislation so that there were no “deceived equity holders”. These circumstances determined the need for reforming the shared construction model and replace it with the project funding one. The legal acts governing shared construction activities and the latest innovations in the construction legislation are presented. The concepts of project funding and escrow accounts are defined. The algorithm of transactions under the agreements of equity participation with the involvement of banks and the government and the new mechanism for monitoring developers’ activities are analyzed. Based on the results of the analysis, conclusions on the main positive and negative aspects of the new system for consumers, construction companies and the construction industry as a whole are drawn.
Integral analysis of the model of profitability of fixed assets in the construction industry of the Russian Federation
Authors: Matveeva M V , Filatov E A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
One of the main objectives of the company is to increase profits through the correct and rational use of fixed assets. Knowing about each element of fixed assets, their physical and moral wear and tear, and the factors that affect fixed assets, managers can improve the efficiency of using fixed assets and accelerate productivity growth. As a result, many companies strive to improve the efficiency of their fixed assets. This is the key to increasing output, which ultimately leads to higher revenues, and, consequently, to an increase in profitability. Therefore, the problem of maximum efficiency of fixed assets should become one of the key issues for any organization, not only construction. The article presents the author’s model of profitability of fixed assets. Currently, the construction industry of the Russian Federation is experiencing a number of difficulties in its development, but at the same time it has a good chance of increasing its competitiveness and integration into the world market. The object of research of the article is the construction industry of the Russian Federation in the context of three main types of construction: construction of buildings; construction of engineering structures; specialized construction works. The article describes one of the author’s methods of integral factor analysis, which allows you to assess the degree of influence of factors on changes in the performance indicator in an accessible and relatively simple way.
Value engineering of public-private partnership infrastructure projects
Authors: Matveeva M V 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The lack of developed infrastructure leads to a decrease in the country’s economy, quality of services to the public, and business activities. Infrastructure is very important so most countries create and improve it at the expense of treasury funds. At the same time, public resources are not sufficient to fully support investment. Most countries carry out capital-intensive infrastructure projects with the involvement of private investors, using the form of private-public partnership (PPP). This form provides the most efficient ways to use public and private property. Based on analysis of domestic and foreign practice government generally supports PPP. Nevertheless, there are no approaches to involving private investors in the projects. The system of value management projects is an important part of investment construction in the social sphere. The value of the project must be control to avoid budgetary diversions. With this in mind, the article identifies factors affecting the value of the project. Thus, recommendations have been identified to reduce the adverse impact on the project.