bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Achondroplasia: Clinical, Radiological and Molecular Profile from Rare Disease Centre, India
Authors: Goyal Manisha , Gupta Ashok , Bhandari Anu , Faruq Mohammed 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAchondroplasia is the most common autosomal dominant form of skeletal dysplasia and is caused by heterozygous mutations of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene at region 4p16.3. This study highlights the data of achondroplasia cases, clinical spectrum, and their outcome from small cities and the region around Rajasthan. The data for analysis were collected retrospectively from genetic records of rare disease clinic in Rajasthan. Clinical profile, radiographic features, molecular test results, and outcome were collected. There were 15 cases, including eight males and seven females, in this cohort. All had facial hypoplasia, depressed nasal bridge, prominent forehead, and characteristic radiographic features. A total of 14 cases were sporadic and one case was inherited from the mother. Mutation analysis showed 13 out of 15 cases with the p.Gly380Arg mutation in the FGFR3 gene. Hydrocephalus was developed in three cases, required shunting in two cases.
The Mechanism of Interleukin-35 in Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Tang Ying , Ma Tianyi , Jia Shengnan , Zhang Qian , Liu Siqi , Qi Ling , Yang Lanlan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInterleukin-35 (IL-35) is a newly identified inhibitory cytokine. It has recently been found to play an extremely important role in chronic hepatitis B disease, which makes it likely to be a target for new therapies for hepatitis B malady. IL-35 modulates a variety of immune mechanisms to cause persistent viral infections, such as affecting the ratio of helper T cells, reducing the activity of cytotoxic T cells, hindering the antigen presentation capacity for dendritic cells, and increasing the transcription level of hepatitis B virus. On the other hand, IL-35 can control the inflammation caused by hepatitis B liver injury. Therefore, to seek a breakthrough in curing hepatitis B disease, the contradictory part of IL-35 in the occurrence and development of this sickness is worthy of further discussion and research. This article will systematically review the biological effects of IL-35 and the specific mechanisms affecting the disease.
Entre abstraction et réalité dans la mise en œuvre du conseil agricole en Afrique subsaharienne: leçons apprises des expériences du département de l’Atlantique au Bénin
Authors: Aplogan Aristophane , Zossou Espérance , Zoundji Gérard C. , Vodouhe Simplice D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAgricultural advisory, a learning and decision-making approach, is an important part of the agricultural policies in Sub-saharan Africa. This study aims to analyse the agricultural advisory service provided by comparing the organizational framework and implementation strategies with the realities observed in practice. Using simple random sampling method, 6 groups of 30 farmers from 6 different villages and 30 agricultural advisers were selected in the south of Benin, “Atlantique” department. Data were collected through focus group discussion and semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed using an analytical framework integrating the institutional and social environment as well as the various modalities used for the provision of agricultural advice. Results highlighted four main categories of factors limiting farmers’ access to agricultural advisory service: (i) agricultural advisory service-oriented towards large farms; (ii) individualized and overly specialized advice; (iii) limited number and unskilled agricultural advisers; and (iv) a “gendarme” monitoring and evaluation system little oriented towards the quality of the advice. This critical analysis of the implementation of the agricultural advice service offers some guidelines for strengthening agricultural innovation systems.
Observation of enhanced pedestal turbulence during ELM mitigation with resonant magnetic perturbation on EAST
Authors: Zhong Fubin , Zhang Tao , Wang Yumin , Wen Fei , Huang Jia , Wu Mingfu , Li Gongshun , Liu Yukai , Geng Kangning , Xiang Haoming , Ye Kaixuan , Zhou Zhen , Han Xiang , Meng Lingyi , Wang Liang , Sun Youwen , Gao Xiang 
Published: July 2021

Edge localized mode (ELM) mitigation accompanied by density pump-out has been achieved during the application of resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) with a toroidal mode number of n = 4 on EAST recently. The mean ELM frequency increases by a factor of 2.7 from 86 to 235 Hz with a decreased reduction in ELM loss. The evolution of pedestal electron density measured by a profile reflectometer before and after turning on the RMP current is presented. Both the pedestal density and density gradient show a decrease with application of RMP. The density fluctuation in the pedestal region has been measured by an O-mode fluctuation reflectometer. The broadband density fluctuation with a frequency range of 20–115 kHz is enhanced at the later period of the inter-ELM phase during ELM mitigation. This phenomenon is also observed for magnetic fluctuation measured by magnetic probes mounted in the vacuum vessel. A further study shows that the enhanced broadband fluctuations lead to a decrease in the growth rate of the pedestal density and an increase in divert or particle flux. This result implies that these enhanced broadband fluctuations could lead to an enhancement of outward particle transport. The possible roles of the enhanced fluctuations observed in ELM mitigation are also discussed.
Strategic functions of linguistic impoliteness in US primary election debates
Authors: Schubert Christoph 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSince presidential primary debates in US election campaigns serve the function of identifying the most promising nominee for the subsequent presidency, they constitute a highly adversarial multilogue. Debaters do not only exchange factual arguments but also use diverse forms of impoliteness geared towards damaging the public image of political opponents and persuading audiences to vote accordingly. Combining political discourse analysis with pragmatic approaches to impoliteness, this paper examines the ways in which verbal aggression in debates inflicts damage on the addressee’s positive and negative face. On the basis of five Democratic and five Republican debates from 2016, it is shown that impolite utterances fulfil the four central strategic functions of (a) delegitimization, (b) coercion, (c) entertainment, and (d) (self-)defence, all of which support the macro-function of political persuasion through the construction of personal preferability.
Gait and neuromuscular dynamics during level and uphill walking carrying military loads
Authors: Walsh Gregory S. , Harrison Isabel 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTThe neuromuscular system responds to perturbation and increasing locomotor task difficulty by altering the stability of neuromuscular output signals. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of two different military load carriage systems on the dynamic stability of gait and muscle activation signals. 14 army office cadets (20 ± 1 years) performed 4‐minute treadmill walking trials on level (0%) and uphill (10%) gradients while unloaded, and with 11 kg backpack and 11 kg webbing loads while the activity of 6 leg and trunk muscles and the motion of the centre of mass (COM) were recorded. Loaded and uphill walking decreased stability and increased magnitude of muscle activations compared to loaded and level gradient walking. Backpack loads increased the medio‐lateral stability of COM and uphill walking decreased stability of vertical COM motion and increased stride time variability. However, there was no difference between the two load carriage systems for any variable. The reduced stability of muscle activations in loaded and uphill conditions indicates an impaired ability of the neuromuscular control systems to accommodate perturbations in these conditions which may have implications on the operational performance of military personnel. However, improved medio‐lateral stability in backpack conditions may indicate that participants were able to compensate for the loads used in this study, despite the decreased vertical stability and increased stride time variability evident in uphill walking. This study did not find differences between load carriage systems however, specific load carriage system effects may be elicited by greater load carriage masses.
Restrictive measures during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Malzanni Giulia Elvira , Canova Chiara , Battista Rosa Alessia , Malerba Paolo , Lerda Caterina , Angelone Sara Monica , Bussi Mario , Piccioni Lucia Oriella 
Published: July 2021

Objective
Social distancing and face masks are considered the best tools to prevent COVID-19 spread despite an impact on communication, hearing perception and quality of life.

Methods
An observational study was performed among a population of normal hearing subjects (NHS) referring to Department of Otorhinolaryngology. Data were collected with a self-administered online questionnaire which included the Italian SF-36 Health Survey Questionnaire referred to face masks use, the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A) and four questions focussed on communication difficulties due to facial masks use and social distancing (COVID-19 restrictions questions, CRQs).

Results
200 NHS answered the online survey. Mean age was 40.46 (SD 13.6). The cohort was distributed according to the job performed: 137 were workers in contact with the public (Job in contact with Public, JP), while 63 were people who don’t work with the public (Job Non in contact with Public, JNP). An overall decrease in quality of life, related to the use of face masks, was detected. In fact, significant differences in the SF-36 Health Survey among our sample and the Italian normative sample were observed in 4 over 8 multi-item scales: Physical Functioning (PF), Role Functioning Physical (RP), Social Functioning (SF) and Role Functioning Emotional (RE). Furthermore, a worst general mental health (GMH) score was observed in the JNP group (p = .0008). The CRQs analysis showed that facial masks were more frequently held responsible for communication difficulties compared to social distancing, particularly due to an attenuation of sound volume and difficulties in rendering facial expressions. Significantly higher anxiety scores were reported in the JNP group, according to the HAM-A, although not reaching pathological level.

Conclusions
An impact on communication and general health perception due to COVID-19 restrictions was referred in a large part of the population with differences between the two groups (JP vs. JNP).
Nonlinear stability of fast invading fronts in a Ginzburg–Landau equation with an additional conservation law
Authors: Hilder Bastian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We consider traveling front solutions connecting an invading state to an unstable ground state in a Ginzburg–Landau equation with an additional conservation law. This system appears as the generic amplitude equation for Turing pattern forming systems admitting a conservation law structure such as the Bénard–Marangoni problem. We prove the nonlinear stability of sufficiently fast fronts with respect to perturbations which are exponentially localized ahead of the front. The proof is based on the use of exponential weights ahead of the front to stabilize the ground state. The main challenges are the lack of a comparison principle and the fact that the invading state is only diffusively stable, i.e. perturbations of the invading state decay polynomially in time.
Liquid crystal elastomers wrinkling
Authors: Goriely Alain , Mihai L Angela 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
When a liquid crystal elastomer layer is bonded to an elastic layer, it creates a bilayer with interesting properties that can be activated by applying traction at the boundaries or by optothermal stimulation. Here, we examine wrinkling responses in three-dimensional nonlinear systems containing a monodomain liquid crystal elastomer layer and a homogeneous isotropic incompressible hyperelastic layer, such that one layer is thin compared to the other. The wrinkling is caused by a combination of mechanical forces and external stimuli. To illustrate the general theory, which is valid for a range of bilayer systems and deformations, we assume that the nematic director is uniformly aligned parallel to the interface between the two layers, and that biaxial forces act either parallel or perpendicular to the director. We then perform a linear stability analysis and determine the critical wave number and stretch ratio for the onset of wrinkling. In addition, we demonstrate that a plate model for the thin layer is also applicable when this is much stiffer than the substrate.
Towards a classification of networks with asymmetric inputs
Authors: Aguiar Manuela , Dias Ana , Soares Pedro 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Coupled cell systems associated with a coupled cell network are determined by (smooth) vector fields that are consistent with the network structure. Here, we follow the formalisms of Stewart et al (2003 SIAM J. Appl. Dyn. Syst.
2 609–646), Golubitsky et al (2005 SIAM J. Appl. Dyn. Syst.
4 78–100) and Field (2004 Dyn. Syst.
19 217–243). It is known that two non-isomorphic n-cell coupled networks can determine the same sets of vector fields—these networks are said to be ordinary differential equation (ODE)-equivalent. The set of all n-cell coupled networks is so partitioned into classes of ODE-equivalent networks. With no further restrictions, the number of ODE-classes is not finite and each class has an infinite number of networks. Inside each ODE-class we can find a finite subclass of networks that minimize the number of edges in the class, called minimal networks. In this paper, we consider coupled cell networks with asymmetric inputs. That is, if k is the number of distinct edges types, these networks have the property that every cell receives k inputs, one of each type. Fixing the number n of cells, we prove that: the number of ODE-classes is finite; restricting to a maximum of n(n − 1) inputs, we can cover all the ODE-classes; all minimal n-cell networks with n(n − 1) asymmetric inputs are ODE-equivalent. We also give a simple criterion to test if a network is minimal and we conjecture lower estimates for the number of distinct ODE-classes of n-cell networks with any number k of asymmetric inputs. Moreover, we present a full list of representatives of the ODE-classes of networks with three cells and two asymmetric inputs.
Quarkonium dissociation properties at finite chemical potential in relativistic heavy ion collisions
Authors: Agotiya Vineet Kumar , Solanki Siddhartha , Lal Manohar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUsing the quasi-particle Debye mass we have mapped the quarkonium properties at finite baryonic chemical potential which is obtained by approximated medium modified potential at T = 0 through the dielectric function. We study the dissociation temperature and baryonic chemical potential dependence of binding energy of heavy quarkonia states for full QCD case and estimated the ground state patterns of theJ/ψstates.
Arabidopsis thaliana L. Seeds are A novel source of somatic embryos
Authors: Al-Jirjees Rasha Fawzi , Salih Shifa Mahdi , AL-Mallah Mozahim Kasim 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis is a valuable tool for investigating the totipotency of plant cells. A simple and efficient protocol for inducing somatic embryogenesis from seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana were established. Surface sterilized seeds were placed on agar-solidified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium free from growth regulators. Callus initiation began 7 days after seeds culture and became visible with the naked eye within 10-14 days. It was friable and yellowish white in color. Within 20 days, callus was transferred to Gamborg’s B5 medium containing 1.0 mgL-1 2, 4-D (2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and 0.05 mgL−1 Kin for multiplication. The results indicated that somatic embryos had been recorded only in B5 medium supplemented with 0.4 mgL−1 TDZ (N-phenyl-N’-1,2, 3-thidiazol-5-ylurea) and it was the best one. Through our observation, different stages of somatic embryos have been found. The results revealed that the continuous transfer of small masses containing several embryos at different stages to the same induction medium subsequently formed a large cluster of shoots, which were rooted in MS medium free from growth regulators and MS hormone-free medium with 0.2activated charcoal. The percentages of rooting were 63% and 51% respectively. This study proved that Arabidopsis thaliana seeds are a novel source for somatic embryos.
Effect of Gamma irradiation on the structural and optical properties of cadmium telluride thin films
Authors: Noori Eman M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) thin films of 2000 Å thickness were deposited by thermal evaporation technique and irradiated with γ-ray energy for the times 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. Structure characterized by x-ray diffraction for both as-deposited and irradiated thin films. The increase in irradiation time appeared an improvement of crystallinity. The transmittance spectra of films using Ultraviolet-Visible spectrophotometer showed the increase in irradiation times leads to decreased in transmittance of films. The energy band gap found direct transition and decrease from (1.6-1.53) eV as the irradiation time increase.
ANOVA on principal component as an alternative to MANOVA
Authors: Abapihi Bahriddin , Adhi Wibawa Gusti Ngurah , Baharuddin  , Mukhsar  , Agusrawati  , LaOme Lilis 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
With its strict assumptions, practitioners found difficulties in applying Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) on their works. When normal assumption is partially fulfilled on multivariate responses, it does not guarantee that the responses are to be multivariate normal distributed simultaneously. To tackle this problem, we proposed a method by simply applying Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) on principal component (PC). The PC is a linear combination of the responses. Once all the responses are normally distributed, the PCS will also be. Accordingly, all we need is to ensure that the responses are to be partially normal distributed and the multivariate normal distribution is needless. The results of our data analysis indicated that our proposed method can be used as an alternative to MANOVA, especially when multivariate normal assumption could not be fully guaranteed.
Performance of Physics Educators in Develop Teaching Aids of Physics Based on Discovery Learning in SMA Negeri 4 Takalar
Authors: Taqwin M , Akhfar M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The research aims to know how discovery learning-based learning devices are fit, know how educators perform in creating and developing learning devices tailored to the provisions, know what difficulties educators experience in making teaching aids of physics. This type of research is done using a qualitative approach to the type of research that is case study research. The sequence of research activities includes: (1) planning, (2) implementation, (3) data collection (4) data analysis, and (5) data reporting. In data collection using observation techniques, interviews are online. Data analysis techniques use qualitative descriptive analysis techniques. To test the validity of the author’s data using triangulation techniques. The subject of his research was a Physics educator at SMA Negeri 4 Takalar. The results showed that (1) physics educator learning devices have not complied with the provisions, (2) the performance of Physics educators in creating and develop of teaching aids of physics in SMA Negeri 4 Takalar in general is in accordance with the provisions, (3) the difficulty experienced by educators in making learning devices regarding the lack of knowledge and difficulty of some existing devices.
Intelligent Transaction System for Fraud Detection using Deep Learning Networks
Authors: Naomi J Fenila , Roshan Jeniel R , Sakthi Eswaran K , Sanjeev Kumaar N M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Detecting online transaction fraud is a basic study of the new era of electronic transactions. Because the payment patterns of customers and the fraud behaviour of offenders are continually changing, improving the consistency of the fraud detection model and ensuring its stability is exceedingly challenging. In this report, we will look at We concentrate on acquiring deep feature representations of legal and fraud transactions from the perspective of a deep neural network’s loss function in this report. Our aim is to increase the separability and discrimination of features in order to boost the efficiency and stability of our fraud detection platform, with the rapid evolution of the technology, the world is turning to use online transaction instead of cash in their daily life, which opens the door to many new ways for fraudsters to use these cards in a nefarious manner. Global losses are projected to reach $35 billion by 2020, according to the Nilson report. To guarantee that users of these credit cards are secure, the credit card issuer should provide a program that protects them from any threats they can experience. As a result, we illustrate our framework for predicting whether transactions are genuine or illegitimate using Kaggel’s IEEE-CIS Fraud Detection dataset. BiLSTM-MaxPooling-BiGRUM is the name of our model. Long bi-directional gated repeated unit and long bi-directional memory term (BiLSTM) are used in axPooling (BiGRU).
Machine Learning Based Classification Models for Heart Disease Prediction
Authors: Karthikeyan N , Padmanaban P , Prasanth A , Ragunath D 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Coronary illness is one of the intricate sicknesses and all around the world numerous individuals experienced this infection. On schedule and effective recognizable proof of coronary illness assumes a critical part in medical care, especially in the field of cardiology. In this article, a productive and exact framework approach is reported to analysis coronary illness, and the framework depends on AI strategies. The framework is created dependent on grouping calculations incorporates Support vector machine, Logistic relapse, Artificial neural organization, K-closest neighbor, Naïve straights, and Decision tree while standard highlights determination calculations have been utilized, for example, Relief, Minimal excess maximal importance, Least supreme shrinkage choice administrator and Local learning for eliminating immaterial and repetitive highlights. In addition, it processes a quick restrictive shared data highlight choice calculation to tackle include determination issue. The highlights determination calculations are utilized for highlights choice to expand the characterization precision and diminish the execution season of grouping framework. Besides, the leave one subject out cross-approval strategy has been utilized for learning the prescribed procedures of model evaluation and for hyper parameter tuning. The presentation estimating measurements are utilized for appraisal of the exhibitions of the classifiers. The exhibitions of the classifiers have been kept an eye on the chose highlights as chosen by highlights choice calculations. The exploratory outcomes show that the proposed highlight choice calculation (FCMIM) is attainable with classifier uphold vector machine for planning a significant level shrewd framework to recognize coronary illness. The recommended finding framework (FCMIM-SVM) accomplished great exactness when contrasted with recently proposed strategies. Also, the proposed framework can without much of a stretch be executed in medical services for the distinguishing proof of coronary illness.