bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain phosphoproteomic analysis identifies diabetes‐related substrates in Alzheimer's disease pathology in older adults
Authors: Capuano Ana W. , Sarsani Vishal , Tasaki Shinya , Mehta Rupal I. , Li Jun , Ahima Rexford , Arnold Steven , Bennett David A. , Petyuk Vladislav , Liang Liming , Arvanitakis Zoe 
Published: December 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONType 2 diabetes increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. Insulin signaling dysfunction exacerbates tau protein phosphorylation, a hallmark of AD pathology. However, the comprehensive impact of diabetes on patterns of AD‐related phosphoprotein in the human brain remains underexplored.METHODSWe performed tandem mass tag–based phosphoproteome profiling in post mortem human brain prefrontal cortex samples from 191 deceased older adults with and without diabetes and pathologic AD.RESULTSAmong 7874 quantified phosphosites, microtubule‐associated protein tau (MAPT) phosphorylated at T529 and T534 (isoform 8 T212 and T217) were more abundant in AD and showed differential associations with diabetes. Network analysis of co‐abundance patterns uncovered synergistic interactions between AD and diabetes, with one module exhibiting higher MAPT phosphorylation (15 MAPT phosphosites) and another displaying lower MAP1B phosphorylation (22 MAP1B phosphosites).DISCUSSIONThis study offers phosphoproteomics insights into AD in diabetes, shedding light on mechanisms that can inform the development of therapeutics for dementia.Highlights
The risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia is increased among older adults living with diabetes.
The patterns of AD‐related phosphoprotein in the human brain in older adults are differential among older adults living with diabetes.
Microtubule‐associated protein tau phosphorylated at T529 and T534 (isoform 8 T212 and T217) showed differential associations with diabetes.
Phosphosite co‐abundance networks of synergistic interactions between AD and diabetes were identified.
Cognitive and neurodegenerative trajectories of subjective cognitive decline according to baseline biomarkers: Results of the CoSCo study
Authors: Hong Yun Jeong , Choi Seong Hye , Kim SangYun , Jeong Jee Hyang , Park Kee Hyung , Wang Min Jeong , Kang Sungmin , Yang Dong Won ,   CoSCo study group
Published: December 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONAlzheimer's disease (AD) is now diagnosed biologically. Since subjective cognitive decline (SCD) may indicate preclinical AD, assessing AD‐biomarkers is crucial. We investigated cognitive and neurodegenerative trajectories in SCD over 24 months based on biomarker positivity, and evaluated the predictive value of plasma biomarkers.METHODSThe CoSCo prospective cohort included older adults with SCD. Participants were categorized into high‐ and low‐risk groups based on plasma biomarkers (amyloid beta [Aβ] 42/40, phosphorylated tau 181 [p‐tau181], and glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP]), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings to compare outcomes.RESULTSHigh‐risk SCDs (n = 23, 23%) revealed greater decline in general cognition, memory recall, frontal function, and hippocampal volumes compared to low‐risk SCDs. Combined scores of plasma and MRIs yielded the best predictions compared with other biomarker categories.DISCUSSIONSCD participants with high‐risk experience faster cognitive and neurodegenerative declines. A combination of plasma biomarkers and MRIs could be used for screening and prognosis.Highlights
This is part of a multicenter prospective cohort study in Korea.
We investigated cognitive and atrophic trajectories in SCD over 24 months.
High risk SCDs revealed greater cognitive decline and hippocampal atrophy.
Integration of plasma and MRIs yielded better predictions than other categories.
Risk stratification using plasma and MRIs can be used for screening and prognosis.
Choroid plexus cysts on 7T MRI: Relationship to aging and neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Zhen Zhiming , Zhang Ruiting , Gui Li , Chen Jiafei , Xu Siyao , Deng Lihua , Yu Yaling , Liu He , Chen Kang , Han Qi , Hsu Yi‐Cheng , Cheng Yue , Liu Yaou , Huang Peiyu , Liu Chen , Chen Wei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThe choroid plexus (CP) may play a crucial role in brain degeneration. We aim to assess whether CP cysts (CPCs), defined using ultra‐high field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), relate to aging and neurodegeneration.METHODSWe used multi‐sequence 7T MRI to observe CPCs, characterizing their presence and characteristics in healthy younger controls, healthy older controls (OCs), patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), and patients with uremic encephalopathy. CP volume (CPV) and CPC characteristics were compared across groups, and associations between CPV and CPC features were analyzed across all subjects.RESULTSThe AD group showed a significantly higher presence and number of CPCs compared to other groups and also had a significantly larger CPV than healthy OCs. The number and size of CPCs were associated with CPV.DISCUSSION7T MRI offers a distinct advantage in observing CPCs, and the high prevalence of CPCs in patients with AD warrants further investigation.Highlights
7T MRI enables visualization of the fine structures of the choroid plexus.
Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) exhibit a higher number of choroid plexus cysts (CPCs) compared to healthy older adults and other patient groups.
CPCs may serve as an auxiliary marker for AD.
Transcriptomic and metabolomic responses of maize under conventional and biodegradable microplastic stress
Authors: Sun Yuanze , Zang Jingxi , Xie Siyuan , Wu Mochen , Tao Jianguo , Adyel Tanveer M. , Du Xinyu , Li Si , Wang Jie 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe increasing accumulation of microplastics in agricultural soils potentially threatens crop safety and quality. However, studies regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of conventional and biodegradable microplastics on plant growth remain limited. Herein, we estimated the effects of biodegradable polybutylene adipate terephthalate, poly (butylene succinate), polylactic acid, and conventional non‐biodegradable polyethylene and polystyrene microplastics (at a concentration of 1% [w/w]) on the growth and physiological performance of maize (Zea mays L.). In addition, we studied the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of these microplastics on maize. Exposure to microplastics induced the production of antioxidant enzymes and antioxidants at varying levels in the maize. While the maize antioxidant systems were induced against biodegradable microplastic exposure, maize photosynthesis was relatively more important for conventional microplastic treatments. Additionally, metabolomics and transcriptomic analyses revealed that the pathways of secondary metabolite biosynthesis, photosynthesis, energy metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism were regulated by biodegradable and conventional microplastics. Specifically, microplastics induced the plant hormone signal transduction and mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Our results further indicated that microplastics could impact the plant through changing the soil environmental variables or altering the soil microbial communities. This study provides a molecular‐scale perspective on the responses of crops to microplastic contamination, and these findings will contribute to the ecological risk assessment of biodegradable and conventional microplastics.
Longitudinal Relations Between Adolescent Self‐Esteem and Mental Health Concerns: The Mediation of Self‐Control and Moderation of Parental Autonomy Support
Authors: Chen Dan , Zhang Qian , Yu Si , Chong Zh Yeng , Xu Wei 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionAdolescents' self‐esteem is often associated with their mental health, and believed to be a protective factor against depression, anxiety, and stress. However, the underlying mechanisms of this relationship warrant further exploration. Employing a longitudinal design, this study investigates the relations between self‐esteem and mental health in adolescents, considering the mediating influence of self‐control and the moderating effect of parental autonomy support.MethodsA total of 1260 adolescents from China (45.9% male, 54.1% female, Mage = 15.98, SDage = 0.97) participated in this study, completing self‐reported questionnaires assessing self‐esteem, self‐control, parental autonomy support, and mental health issues (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress) across three time points over a 6‐month period (with a 3‐month interval between assessments).ResultsControlling for baseline levels of depression, anxiety, and stress, adolescents' self‐esteem reported at wave 1 positively correlated with depression (β = −0.17, p < 0.001), anxiety (β = −0.17, p < 0.001), and stress (β = −0.17, p < 0.001) in wave 3. Furthermore, self‐control reported at wave 2 mediated these relations. Besides, perceived parental autonomy support was associated with a stronger link between self‐esteem and self‐control.ConclusionThe present study indicates the protective roles of self‐esteem and self‐control in relation to adolescents' mental health problems, while emphasizing the potential of a supportive family environment to strengthen these associations. The findings hold implications for the development of prevention and intervention strategies targeting adolescents' mental well‐being.
Promoting sociotechnical perspectives of engineering during a summer bridge program
Authors: Pleasants Jacob , Velasco Richard , Colonnello Claudia , Glenn Shansley , Crapitto Samuel , Raymond Kate , Abbott Brandon 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundTo address complex challenges of modern society, engineering education needs to help students develop sociotechnical perspectives of engineering. Research has documented efforts to incorporate sociotechnical thinking into undergraduate engineering education, but those perspectives must often compete with more dominant technocentric views. Research is needed to investigate how and why students do or do not adopt sociotechnical views.Purpose/Hypothesis(es)In this study, we investigated the extent to which students' views of engineering changed in the context of an Engineering Summer Bridge (ESB) program, in which engineering is promoted as a socially engaged practice.Design/MethodWe used a multiple case study methodology to investigate patterns across 24 ESB participants. We gathered multiple sources of data to investigate changes in participants' thinking, including pre/post surveys, weekly reflections during ESB, and follow‐up participant interviews. We grouped participants based on the extent to which they added socially engaged perspectives to their perceptions of engineering. We then identified variables associated with those groupings.ResultsApproximately one‐third of participants added socially engaged perspectives to their views of engineering. These students tended to have fewer prior engineering experiences prior to ESB and often self‐identified as having limited prior knowledge of engineering. They were also more likely to hold motivations and interests oriented toward the public good.ConclusionsOur study identifies variables that potentially support and inhibit students' development of socially engaged views of engineering. It highlights the importance of early learning experiences and suggests that technocentric perspectives can be well established even before students begin their undergraduate programs.
The Role of the Eyelids of the Black‐Winged Kite, Elanus caeruleus in the Immune Protection of the Eye
Authors: Shawki Nahed Ahmed , Attaai Abdelraheim H. , Abdel‐Mageed Amany Mohamed , Abdel‐Regal Mahmoud Fatma 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to describe the morphological features and microstructure of the upper, lower, and third eyelids of the black‐winged kite, Elanus caeruleus, and to characterize the organized lymphoid follicles and lymphocytes in the eyelid mucosa. Additionally, it aimed to illustrate the importance of the eye adnexa in the eye's immune protection. The upper, lower, and third eyelids display varying morphological differences that seem to be closely linked to the birds' way of life, indicating adjustments to their environment and eating behaviors. The black‐winged kite has large, forward‐facing eyes positioned under a bony shelf (lacrimal process) that shades them. Both eyelids have thick, pigmented edges and bear two rows of long, finely modified filoplume feathers, which increase at the anterior canthus. Melanocytes appear in the stratum basale of upper and lower eyelids, and Langerhans cells were observed. Aggregations of lymphatic cells were present under the conjunctival epithelium within the stroma of the lower eyelid (in the orbital zone near the tarsal plate), while they were absent in the upper eyelid and nictitating membrane. The density of goblet cells on the conjunctival surface of the upper eyelid and the nictitating membrane is higher than that of the lower eyelid. The structure of the skin and conjunctiva in both the upper and lower eyelids contains numerous defensive immune cells that maintain ocular safety and hydration. Additionally, the lower eyelid's CALT constitutes most of the CALT tissue in E. caeruleus and is recognized as part of the mucosal immune system.
Extrachromosomal DNA in Breast Cancer Cell Lines: Detection and Characterization
Authors: Irdianto Shadira Anindieta , Fadhillah Fadhillah , Lestari Retno , Fadilah Fadilah , Bowolaksono Anom , Dwiranti Astari 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study delves into the intriguing world of extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) in breast cancer, uncovering its pivotal role in cancer's aggressiveness and genetic variability. ecDNA, a form of circular DNA found outside chromosomes, is known to play a significant role in cancer progression by increasing oncogene expression. Focusing on two contrasting cell lines, MDA‐MB‐231 (triple‐negative) and MCF‐7 (Luminal‐A), we utilized advanced microscopy and fluorescence techniques to detect and characterize ecDNA. Our findings reveal a stark difference: MDA‐MB‐231 cells, known for their high metastatic potential, exhibit a striking abundance of ecDNA, manifested as double minutes and single form with intense fluorescence signals. In contrast, the less aggressive MCF‐7 cells harbor significantly fewer ecDNA. This disparity highlights the potential of ecDNA as a key player in cancer progression and a promising target for novel therapies. This research sheds light on the unseen genetic forces driving breast cancer and opens the door to new strategies in cancer treatment. Further research is necessary to understand the mechanisms of ecDNA formation and its role in different breast cancer subtypes.
CD58 expression does not impact response to inotuzumab ozogamicin in patients with B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Madero‐Marroquin Rafael , Hunter Ryan W. , Saygin Caner , Johnston Hannah , DuVall Adam S. , Rahmani Youshanlouei Hamed , Osei Clinton , Shah Syed , Stock Wendy , Gurbuxani Sandeep , Patel Anand A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundCD58 loss has been described as a mechanism of resistance to blinatumomab and chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy, functioning as a modulator of response to T‐cell activation.MethodsUsing flow cytometry, we evaluated the impact of CD58 mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) on the probability of achieving measurable residual disease (MRD) negativity in patients with B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with inotuzumab ozogamicin (InO).ResultsThe odds ratio of achieving MRD negativity was 1.03 for every 1000 unit increase in CD58 MFI.ConclusionOur results suggest that MRD negativity rates after InO are high, regardless of the intensity of CD58 expression.
Physician inpatient handoffs—Patient and physician outcomes: A systematic review
Authors: Allen‐Dicker Joshua , Kerwin Matthew , Wallins Joseph S. , Rao Nisha , Mara Rezana , Chilov Marina , Batra Chanan , Chimonas Susan , Korenstein Deborah 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrior reviews have shown that interventions to improve inpatient handoffs are inconsistently associated with improvement in patient outcomes. This systematic review examines the effectiveness of inpatient handoff interventions on outcomes affecting patients and physicians, including objective measures when reported (PROSPERO ID: CRD42022309326).MethodsPubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched on January 13th, 2022. We included experimental or quasi‐experimental studies that examined handoff communication between inpatient physicians and reported patient clinical, patient experiential, physician experiential, or cost and utilization outcomes. Studies were excluded if they examined handoffs between facilities or levels of care, or only reported subjective measures of patient safety or physician experience. Risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS‐1 and RoB‐2 tools.ResultsOf the 42 included studies, six were randomized controlled trials. Most studies were conducted at academic centers (67%) and involved only residents (64%). An educational intervention was used in 52% of studies and a structural intervention was used in 43%, with 9% using both. Adverse events were significantly improved in three of 16 studies, medical errors in three of seven studies, and length of stay in three of seven studies. Four studies examined mortality, and none reported a significant improvement. Studies that used both structural and educational components reported significant improvements more frequently.ConclusionsThe literature is mixed on the impact of efforts to improve handoffs, though there are few randomized trials. Few studies reported patient experiential or cost/utilization outcomes, or involved hospitalist physicians, which represent potential areas for future research.
Tensor Fasciae Latae and Gluteus Maximus Muscles: Do They Contribute to Hip Abduction?
Authors: Hoch Armando , Dimitriou Dimitris , Wolf‐Wettstein Jessica , Rosner Jan , Schubert Martin , Aguirre Jose , Eichenberger Urs , Zingg Patrick , Borbas Paul 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTHip abductors are essential for hip function. To understand abduction weakness, it is important to know which muscles contribute to abduction force. Our aim was to investigate the effects of an experimentally induced weakness of the different muscles (tensor fasciae latae [TFL], gluteus medius and minimus (Gmed/min), gluteus maximus [Gmax]) on the abduction force. Ten participants received sequential nerve blocks of the TFL, the Gmed/min, and the Gmax. Subsequently, abduction force was measured in the lateral decubitus position in three sagittal positions of the hip (30° flexion, neutral, 30° extension). In 30° flexion, the average abduction force was 220 N without block, 187 N with block of the TFL, 83 N with block of the Gmed/min, and 97 N with block of the Gmax, respectively. In neutral position, average abduction force was 213 N without block, 200 N with block of the TFL, 82 N with block of the Gmed/min, and 115 N with block of the Gmax, respectively. In 30° extension, average abduction force was 116 N without block, 146 N with block of TFL, 61 N with block of the Gmed/min, and 94 N with block of the Gmax, respectively. An induced weakness of the TFL reduces abduction force only in 30° of hip flexion by 15%. It is not highly relevant as an abductor. An induced weakness of the Gmax reduces abduction force in flexion by 43%−56%, depending on the position. It is, therefore, highly relevant as an abductor of the hip.
Thermosensitive Molecular Brushes With Alternating Polyoxazoline Side Chains: Synthesis, Characterization, and Solubilization Properties
Authors: Blokhin Aleksey N. , Kirila Tatyana Y. , Razina Alla B. , Rodchenko Serafim V. , Filippov Alexander P. , Tenkovtsev Andrey V. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTUsing the “grafting through” approach, alternating polymer brushes with different lengths of the backbone and side chains are synthesized. Thermosensitive poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) and poly(2‐isopropyl‐2‐oxazoline) with styrene and maleimide moieties are used as the macromonomers. The prepared polymer brushes are characterized by molar masses in the range of 19,000–52,000 g·mol−1 and have a low dispersity Ð = 1.6–1.9. The number of side chains is from 10 to 20. The LCST behavior of alternating brushes in aqueous solutions is studied by light scattering and turbidimetry. Phase separation temperatures of aqueous solutions of alternating polymer brushes are varied from 37°C to 48°C depending on the length and number of the side chains, as well as on the polymer molar mass. The critical micelle concentrations depend on molar mass and the side chain length, changing from 1.12 × 10−5 to 9.40 × 10−4 mol·L−1, as established by the method of solubilization of a hydrophobic dye. Using the Benesi–Hildebrand method, the binding constants for curcumin and polymer brush samples are determined; their values range from 360 to 63,400 L·mol−1. It is shown that curcumin is effectively bound by polymer brush molecules in the aqueous solutions, which ensures the solubilization of hydrophobic curcumin in water.
Photocontrolled RAFT Polymerization for the Preparation of Catechol‐Functionalized Surfaces
Authors: Guo Rui , Tanizaki Shiho , Nabae Yuta , Aoki Hiroyuki , Kubo Tomohiro , Satoh Kotaro 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn nature, there are numerous compounds bearing catechol groups that demonstrate various useful properties, such as adhesion and antioxidant capacity. This inspired us to apply catechol functional group‐containing polymers on a surface for adhesive properties. Herein, we report the preparation of catechol‐functionalized polymeric surfaces by photo‐induced electron transfer‐reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (PET‐RAFT) polymerization using a “grafting‐from” approach using surface anchored RAFT agents. The polymerization of tert‐butoxycarbonyl (Boc)‐protected vinyl catechol, derived from naturally abundant caffeic acid, was investigated under visible light irradiation, which showed good control over molecular weights especially under green light irradiation. The catechol‐bearing polymeric surfaces were readily obtained after concise thermal deprotection, which was revealed by the changes in the surface properties evaluated by contact angles. This study proposes a straightforward route to catechol‐modified surface using functional and sustainable materials in coating applications.
Dark Dimension With (Little) Strings Attached
Authors: Basile Ivano , Lüst Dieter 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA relation between dark energy and the scale of new physics in weakly coupled string theory is motivated. This mixing between infrared and ultraviolet physics leads to a unique corner for real‐world phenomenology: barring fine‐tunings, the authors are naturally led to the “dark dimension” scenario, a single mesoscopic extra dimension of micron size with the standard model localized on D‐branes. Our explicit top‐down worldsheet derivation establishes it on a more solid grounding. Allowing some fine‐tuning, such that the vacuum energy only arise at higher orders in string perturbation theory, the “little string theory” scenario with a very weakly coupled string is an alternative possibility. In this case, the string scale lies at the edge of detectability of particle accelerators.