bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How ‘Smart’ Are Smart Specialization Strategies?
Authors: Di Cataldo Marco , Monastiriotis Vassilis , Rodríguez‐Pose Andrés 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe introduction of smart specialization (S3) as a fundamental pillar of the 2014 reform of the EU cohesion policy is a significant strategic shift in European development intervention. S3 strategies aimed at mobilizing the economic potential of each country and region of the EU by allowing a more place‐based and bottom‐up approach to development. However, despite the salience that S3 has acquired in a short period of time, there has been no European‐wide evaluation of the extent to which S3 strategies truly reflect the economic characteristics and potential of the territories where they are being implemented. This article examines the characteristics of S3 strategies across Europe – by focusing on their development axes, economic or scientific domains and policy priorities – to assess whether this is the case. The results show that S3 strategies display a proliferation of objectives, a problem that particularly affects areas with weaker quality of government. Moreover, strategies are generally loosely connected with the intrinsic conditions of each region and mostly mimic what neighbouring areas are doing. The lack of more concise and focused S3 strategies is likely to undermine the effectiveness of what is, otherwise, a very interesting and worthwhile policy experiment.
Ultrasonographic tissue perfusion analysis at implant and palatal donor sites following soft tissue augmentation: A clinical pilot study
Authors: Tavelli Lorenzo , Barootchi Shayan , Majzoub Jad , Chan Hsun‐Liang , Giannobile William V. , Wang Hom‐Lay , Kripfgans Oliver D. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTAimTo describe the application of power Doppler Ultrasonography (US) for evaluating blood flow at implant and palatal donor sites following soft tissue augmentation with the connective tissue graft (CTG).Materials and MethodsFive patients exhibiting a peri‐implant soft tissue dehiscence received treatment with a coronally advanced flap and corresponding CTG. Power Doppler US was used for assessing blood volume at baseline, 1 week, 1 month, 6 months and 12 months post‐surgery for assessing blood‐flow dynamics at the implant and palatal donor sites. The speed‐weighted and power‐weighted colour pixel density (CPPD) were computed from colour velocity (CV) and colour power (CP), respectively.ResultsA mean increase in CV of 199.25% was observed at the midfacial region of the implant sites after 1 week compared to baseline. CV and CP were increased in all sites at 1 week and 1 month. At 6 and 12 months, the mean CV appeared lower than baseline at the implant sites. CCPD was increased at the palatal donor sites and at the great palatine foramen areas at the 1‐week and 1‐month post‐operative evaluations.ConclusionsPower Doppler US is a non‐invasive and valuable tool for estimating tissue perfusion and CPPD variation during different phases of intra‐oral soft tissue graft healing.
Biology and associated fungi of an emerging bark beetle pest, the sweetgum inscriber Acanthotomicus suncei (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Gao Lei , Li You , Wang Zhang‐Xun , Zhao Jie , Hulcr Jiri , Wang Jian‐Guo , Li Yue‐Zhong , Ju Rui‐Ting 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe sweetgum inscriber (SI) Acanthotomicus suncei Cognato is an emerging bark beetle pest that seriously damages American sweetgum trees (Liquidambar styraciflua) and Chinese sweetgum trees (L. formosana) in China. Since 2013, SI has killed more than 30,000 sweetgum trees in Shanghai and adjacent areas. In Shanghai, SI was observed to emerge from infested wood between April–September and exhibited two generations per year. Both the flying populations and those in colonized logs were female‐biased. After the parental adult initiates a gallery, the emergence of new adults required 73.4 ± 0.7 days at 30°C and 163.5 ± 0.9 days at 20°C. SI could not sustain population development at constant temperatures ≤15°C. The fungi Geosmithia spp. and Phaeoacremonium tuscanum were common associates of SI. The results suggest that SI has a long flight period, and its development is sensitive to low temperatures. Fungi associated with SI were not pathogenic to American sweetgum trees, but their presence may indirectly increase the probability of tree mortality. Our findings contribute to the prevention and control of this important emerging bark beetle pest.
Data‐driven modeling for crystal size distribution parameters in cane sugar crystallization process
Authors: Meng Yanmei , Yao Tao , Yu Shuangshuang , Qin Johnny , Zhang Jinlai , Wu Jianfan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCrystal size distribution (CSD) is important in evaluating crystal quality in cane sugar crystallization process. Due to the complex non‐linearity, time‐delay and strong coupling in cane sugar crystallization process, it is difficult to directly modeling in the mechanism of cane sugar crystallization process to obtain CSD parameters. In order to obtain two main CSD parameters so that to achieve better control and production of cane sugar, this article constructs a data‐driven model based on least squares support vector regression (LSSVR) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). Based on LSSVR, the model takes the easy to measureable variables (massecuite brix, massecuite level, massecuite temperature, steam pressure, feeding volume, and vacuum degree) as input variables, and outputs sugar CSD parameters (crystal average size, coefficient of variation of crystal size). PSO algorithm is used to optimize the key parameters of primary model to get better modeling performance. Compared with other modeling methods such as back propagation, extreme learning machine, radial basis function, and SVR, the constructed PSO‐LSSVR model has obvious advantages over other models in learning speed and predictive effect, generalization ability. This model has potential to be applied to the control system of cane sugar crystallization process and get better product of sugar.Practical applicationsThe constructed model uses the measureable variables to obtain main crystal size distribution (CSD) parameters (which is not easy to be measured online directly), and the measureable variables can be easy to control. According the relation between the measureable variables and CSD parameters, the model is useful to set up better operation conditions, and form better crystallization environment, and improve the quality of sugar crystal. So, this method will benefit the control system of cane sugar crystallization process and improve the quality and efficiency of cane sugar crystallization process, and the model is also useful for the study of continuous sugar crystallization process.
Low fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide, and polyol diet in patients with diarrhea‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome: A prospective, randomized trial
Authors: Goyal Omesh , Batta Shaveta , Nohria Sahil , Kishore Harsh , Goyal Prerna , Sehgal Rishabh , Sood Ajit 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground and AimLow fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide, and polyol (FODMAP) diet improves irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms. Data on long‐term “modified” FODMAP diet are emerging. We aimed to assess efficacy and acceptability of short‐term “strict” low FODMAP diet (LFD) and long‐term “modified” FODMAP diet in patients with diarrhea‐predominant IBS (IBS‐D).MethodsThis prospective randomized trial included patients with IBS‐D (Rome IV) and IBS severity scoring system (IBS‐SSS) ≥ 175. In phase I (4 weeks), patients were randomized to strict LFD and traditional dietary advice (TDA) groups. From 4 to 16 weeks, LFD group was advised systematic reintroduction of FODMAPs (“modified” FODMAP diet). Response was defined as > 50‐point reduction in IBS‐SSS.ResultsOf the total 166 patients with IBS‐D screened, 101 (mean age 41.9 ± 17.1 years, 58% male) were randomized to LFD (n = 52) and TDA (n = 49) groups. Both at 4 and 16 weeks, total IBS‐SSS and IBS quality of life score reduced significantly in both groups, but there was significantly greater reduction in LFD group. By intention‐to‐treat analysis, responders in LFD group were significantly higher than TDA group (4 weeks—62.7% [32/51] vs 40.8% [20/49], respectively, P = 0.0448; 16 weeks—52.9% [27/51] vs 30.6% [15/49], respectively; P = 0.0274). Compliance to LFD was 93% at 4 weeks and 64% at 16 weeks. Energy, carbohydrate, fat, and fiber intake showed reduction in LFD group at 4 weeks, which improved till 16 weeks.ConclusionsStrict LFD for short‐term and “modified” LFD for long term in IBS‐D patients is acceptable and leads to significant improvement in symptoms and quality of life.
ACE2 in the second act of COVID‐19 syndrome: Peptide dysregulation and possible correction with oestrogen
Authors: Zhang Limei , Zetter Mario A. , Guerra Enrique C. , Hernández Vito S. , Mahata Sushil K. , Eiden Lee E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has become the most critical pandemic of the 21st Century and the most severe since the 1918 influenza pandemic. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infects the host by binding to angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The role of ACE2 in the pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a topic of debate, with clinical and experimental evidence indicating a multifaceted relationship between ACE2 activity and disease severity. Here, we review the mechanisms by which the peptidergic substrates and products of ACE and ACE2 contribute to physiological and pathophysiological processes and hypothesise how down‐regulation of ACE2 by SARS‐CoV‐2 cellular entry disrupts homeostasis. A better understanding of the endocrinology of the disease, in particular the neuroendocrinology of ACE2 during COVID‐19, may contribute to the timely design of new therapeutic strategies, including the regulation of ACE2 itself by steroid hormones, to ameliorate the severity of COVID‐19.
Intermediary trading and the transformation of marketplaces in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Sharp Timothy L. M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTrade in marketplaces is central to the domestic distribution of food and other goods throughout the developing world. The commodity networks involved are often complex with numerous intermediate transactions between producer and consumer. By contrast, in the Pacific nation of Papua New Guinea (PNG), marketplace trade has historically occurred through very short commodity networks. This article examines the appearance and growing significance of intermediary trading in PNG's marketplaces and associated trade networks. Reselling is supporting urban livelihoods at a time when making a living in town is increasingly precarious, but the transformation of marketplaces, I argue, also threatens to reduce the agency of rural producers and erode the incomes of certain producers. Growing intermediation may also see men increasingly involved in an economic domain where women have been central. The emergence of intermediaries is globally an important historical development, and this article provides a rare study of this process within the contemporary era.
The quandary of registered nurses untrained in adult intellectual disability nursing when caring for this diverse patient group in acute care settings: An integrated literature review
Authors: Howie Virginia Anne , Welch Anthony Joseph , Horton Eleanor Sandra , Wirihana Lisa Anne 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo critically appraise relevant literature on the lived experiences of registered nurses caring for adults with intellectual disability in the acute care setting in Australia to determine current knowledge and gaps in the literature.BackgroundPeople with intellectual disability have the right to the highest attainable health care the same as everyone else. However, inequities still exist in the delivery of health care across the globe, including Australia that result in poorer health outcomes for this population group. Part of the problem is a lack of understanding of the complexities of ID care due to an absence of ID specific content in undergraduate curricula.DesignIntegrative literature review.MethodsElectronic databases were searched for relevant empirical and theoretical literature. Additional articles were found by reviewing reference lists of selected articles resulting in ten articles for review. Selected articles were critically appraised using JBI critical appraisal tools. Data were analysed using comparative thematic analysis. PRISMA checklist completed the review.ResultsTwo main themes emerged from the data that informed the gap in knowledge: (a) Defining nursing practice; and (b) Confidence to practice.ConclusionsThere was limited qualitative research published on the topic. International studies revealed that a lack of understanding of the ID condition due to inadequate education left registered nurses feeling underprepared, unsupported and struggling to provide optimal care. No studies were located on the phenomenon within the Australian context. A study exploring the lived experiences of RNs in Australia is needed to offer a deeper understanding of the phenomenon that will help inform practice.Relevance to practiceIncluding ID care in national undergraduate and postgraduate nursing curricula must become a nursing educational and professional priority to support nurses more fully in their practice to ensure patients with ID receive the highest attainable standard of nursing care.
Ketogenic diet in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and liver dysfunction who are obese: A randomized, open‐label, parallel‐group, controlled pilot trial
Authors: Li Jian , Bai Wen‐Pei , Jiang Bo , Bai Le‐Ran , Gu Bei , Yan Shu‐Xiang , Li Fu‐Ying , Huang Bin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effect of a ketogenic diet (KD) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and liver dysfunction who were obese.MethodsWomen with PCOS and liver dysfunction who were obese were enrolled in this prospective, open‐label, parallel‐group, controlled pilot trial, and randomly received KD (KD group) or conventional pharmacological treatment (Essentiale plus Yasmin, control group) in a 1:1 ratio for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was the liver function markers. Secondary endpoints included the menstrual cycle, anthropometric characteristics, body composition, hormonal levels, and metabolic biomarkers.ResultsOf the 20 eligible participants enrolled, 18 participants completed the study. The KD group reported a significant reduction in anthropometric characteristics and body composition from baseline to week 12 (all p < 0.05). In addition, there were significant reductions in menstrual cycle, plasma estradiol, and progesterone levels in two groups (all p < 0.05), but no significant between‐group difference was observed. KD significantly reduced the liver function markers compared with control group (p < 0.05). The signs of fatty liver disappeared in six out of seven fatty liver participants in KD group after 12 weeks of intervention, while only one of 10 fatty liver participants in control group disappeared.ConclusionsIn addition to improving the menstrual cycle, KD had the additional benefits of reducing blood glucose and body weight, improving liver function, and treating fatty liver compared to traditional pharmacological treatment in women with PCOS and liver dysfunction who were obese.
Case series of 20 pregnant women with 2019 novel coronavirus disease in Wuhan, China
Authors: Guo Yuping , Yuan Jingping , Wang Ming , Yu Ying , Bian Junmei , Fan Cuifang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate perinatal outcomes regarding clinical presentation in pregnancy and the vertical transmission potential of COVID‐19.MethodsClinical records, laboratory findings, and chest computed tomography (CT) scans were retrospectively reviewed from 20 pregnant patients with laboratory‐confirmed COVID‐19 who were admitted to Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University and The Third Hospital of Wuhan, from Jan 20 to Mar 16, 2020, including three in the first‐trimester, two in the second‐trimester, and 15 in the third‐trimester. Evidence of vertical transmission was assessed by testing for neonatal throat swab samples. The pathological changes of COVID‐19 on the placenta is evaluated by hematoxylin‐eosin staining.ResultsThe most common symptoms of the pregnant women with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection were fever and cough, which is comparable to the nonpregnant adults with COVID‐19 infection. Nobody was transferred to intensive care unit (ICU) for treatment and there were no maternal and neonatal deaths. However, there was one case with induced abortions on first‐trimester (due to pregnant woman's concerns about COVID‐19), one diagnosed with ectopic pregnancy, no intrauterine fetal deaths during the study period. Delivery occurred in 15 patients in the third trimester. Their incidence of preterm birth was 20%. Three of the four preterm births were spontaneous. The average length of stay was 20.77 days. No neonatal SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was detected. There were two placentas found with acute chorioamnionitis, one showed normal placenta morphology.ConclusionIn this case series study, COVID‐19 had no short‐term adverse effect on pregnant women except premature birth. The vertical transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 did not occur in our study.
Outcomes of COVID‐19‐positive acute coronary syndrome patients: A multisource electronic healthcare records study from England
Authors: Rashid Muhammad , Wu Jianhua , Timmis Adam , Curzen Nick , Clarke Sarah , Zaman Azfar , Nolan James , Shoaib Ahmad , Mohamed Mohamed O , de Belder Mark A. , Deanfield John , Gale Chris P. , Mamas Mamas A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients with underlying cardiovascular disease and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection are at increased risk of morbidity and mortality.ObjectivesThis study was designed to characterize the presenting profile and outcomes of patients hospitalized with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and COVID‐19 infection.MethodsThis observational cohort study was conducted using multisource data from all acute NHS hospitals in England. All consecutive patients hospitalized with diagnosis of ACS with or without COVID‐19 infection between 1 March and 31 May 2020 were included. The primary outcome was in‐hospital and 30‐day mortality.ResultsA total of 12 958 patients were hospitalized with ACS during the study period, of which 517 (4.0%) were COVID‐19‐positive and were more likely to present with non‐ST‐elevation acute myocardial infarction. The COVID‐19 ACS group were generally older, Black Asian and Minority ethnicity, more comorbid and had unfavourable presenting clinical characteristics such as elevated cardiac troponin, pulmonary oedema, cardiogenic shock and poor left ventricular systolic function compared with the non‐COVID‐19 ACS group. They were less likely to receive an invasive coronary angiography (67.7% vs 81.0%), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (30.2% vs 53.9%) and dual antiplatelet medication (76.3% vs 88.0%). After adjusting for all the baseline differences, patients with COVID‐19 ACS had higher in‐hospital (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 3.27; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.41–4.42) and 30‐day mortality (aOR: 6.53; 95% CI: 5.1–8.36) compared to patients with the non‐COVID‐19 ACS.ConclusionCOVID‐19 infection was present in 4% of patients hospitalized with an ACS in England and is associated with lower rates of guideline‐recommended treatment and significant mortality hazard.
Marginal Bone Loss around Machined Smooth Neck Implants Compared to Rough Threaded Neck Implants: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Zhang Qi , Yue Xinxin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this meta‐analysis was to assess the effect of rough threaded neck implants on marginal bone loss, compared to machined smooth neck implants.Materials and MethodsLiterature searches were performed in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library) (up to March 04, 2020), MEDLINE (PubMed) (1966 to March 04, 2020), and EMBASE (1980 to March 04, 2020), and reference lists of relevant manuscripts and relevant systematic reviews. Grey literature was sought using Grey Literature Net‐Work Service (www.opengrey.eu) and The Grey Literature Report (www.greylit.org). Randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials that compared the effects of machined smooth neck implants versus rough threaded neck implants on marginal bone loss were included. Two review authors selected studies, assessed trial quality, and extracted data from included studies independently. The meta‐analysis was carried out with Review Manager v5.3 software that compared marginal bone loss between rough threaded neck implants and machined smooth neck implants.ResultsThis review included 8 manuscripts (2 randomized controlled trials and 6 controlled clinical trials) from 6 clinical studies. The marginal bone loss around the rough threaded neck implants was significantly less than that around machined smooth neck ones (MD: –0.43 mm, 95% CI: –0.65 to –0.22 mm; p < 0.0001). In the subgroup with different platform connections, less marginal bone loss was observed around the rough threaded neck implants with platform switching (MD: –0.67 mm, 95% CI: –0.87 to –0.48 mm; p < 0.00001) or with regular platform (MD: –0.28 mm, 95% CI: –0.39 to –0.18 mm; p < 0.00001). The statistical analysis of the subgroups with functional loading for 3 or 6 months (MD: –0.39 mm; 95% CI: –0.61 to –0.18 mm; p = 0.0003) and 1 year or longer (MD: –0.43 mm, 95% CI: –0.65 to –0.22 mm; p < 0.0001) suggested that the rough threaded neck implants helped to reduce marginal bone loss.ConclusionsThe results of this review suggested that rough threaded neck implants may be helpful in maintaining the amount of marginal bone around implants. Larger sample size, longer follow‐up periods and well‐conducted randomized controlled trials are necessary to further prove the validity of the findings.
Randomised trial of dobutamine versus placebo for low superior vena cava flow in preterm infants: Long‐term neurodevelopmental outcome
Authors: Bravo María Carmen , López‐Ortego Paloma , Sánchez Laura , Díez Jesús , Cabañas Fernando , Pellicer Adelina 
Published: January 2021

AimAlthough circulatory impairment during the transitional circulation associates morbidity and mortality, its treatment remains controversial. In a pilot trial on circulatory impairment defined as low superior vena cava (SVC) flow, dobutamine (Db) versus placebo (PL) showed a trend towards improved short‐term outcomes. The purpose of this study was to report on the long‐term outcome of the infants who were observed for SVC flow patterns.MethodsAmong the 126 infants <31 weeks of gestation prospectively scanned from birth, 28 presented low SVC flow within the first 24 h after birth and received Db (n = 16) or PL (n = 12). Follow‐up of survivors included motor assessment and Bayley Scales II or III at 2 years, and the Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scale at 6 years. Neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) was defined as: cerebral palsy (Gross Motor Function Classification System ≥ level 2), or a cognitive function score < −2 standard deviations; or moderate or severe hearing or visual impairment. Db group, PL group and normal‐flow group were compared.ResultsEighteen infants died (Db: 5; PL: 2; normal flow group: 11, P = 0.1). Follow‐up in survivors was accomplished in 80% and 55% of the cohort at 2 years and 6 years, respectively. No significant difference in the combined outcome (mortality or NDI) was found between the groups (42% Db, 36% PL, 30% normal flow group).ConclusionsThis exploratory analysis did not show any differences in the long‐term outcome of infants according to SVC flow patterns or its treatment early after birth.