bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can we predict which COVID‐19 patients will need transfer to intensive care within 24 hours of floor admission?
Authors: Wang Alfred Z. , Ehrman Robert , Bucca Antonino , Croft Alexander , Glober Nancy , Holt Daniel , Lardaro Thomas , Musey Paul , Peterson Kelli , Schaffer Jason , Trigonis Russell , Hunter Benton R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients with COVID‐19 can present to the emergency department (ED) at any point during the spectrum of illness, making it difficult to predict what level of care the patient will ultimately require. Admission to a ward bed, which is subsequently upgraded within hours to an intensive care unit (ICU) bed, represents an inability to appropriately predict the patient's course of illness. Predicting which patients will require ICU care within 24 hours would allow admissions to be managed more appropriately.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of adults admitted to a large health care system, including 14 hospitals across the state of Indiana. Included patients were aged ≥ 18 years, were admitted to the hospital from the ED, and had a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for COVID‐19. Patients directly admitted to the ICU or in whom the PCR test was obtained > 3 days after hospital admission were excluded. Extracted data points included demographics, comorbidities, ED vital signs, laboratory values, chest imaging results, and level of care on admission. The primary outcome was a combination of either death or transfer to ICU within 24 hours of admission to the hospital. Data analysis was performed by logistic regression modeling to determine a multivariable model of variables that could predict the primary outcome.ResultsOf the 542 included patients, 46 (10%) required transfer to ICU within 24 hours of admission. The final composite model, adjusted for age and admission location, included history of heart failure and initial oxygen saturation of <93% plus either white blood cell count > 6.4 or glomerular filtration rate < 46. The odds ratio (OR) for decompensation within 24 hours was 5.17 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.17 to 12.31) when all criteria were present. For patients without the above criteria, the OR for ICU transfer was 0.20 (95% CI = 0.09 to 0.45).ConclusionsAlthough our model did not perform well enough to stand alone as a decision guide, it highlights certain clinical features that are associated with increased risk of decompensation.
Spiky/keratosis‐pilaris‐like early follicular mycosis fungoides: A clinicopathologic study of 20 cases with extended follow‐up
Authors: Tomasini Carlo , Michelerio Andrea , Quaglino Pietro 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundsFollicular mycosis fungoides (FMFs) is a distinct form of T‐cell lymphoma whose course is considered aggressive.MethodsA retrospective study with long‐term follow‐up of 20 patients diagnosed with spiky/keratosis‐pilaris‐like FMF between 2008 and 2017 was conducted.ResultsTwelve males and eight females were identified, with a mean age at first diagnosis of 59 years (range 42‐86). Hyperkeratotic follicular papules were the sole clinical finding in 16 of 20 patients. A diagnostic delay between first symptom development and initial diagnosis was frequent (mean 42 months). The head/neck region was concurrently affected only in two patients. Disease stage at diagnosis was IA in two patients (10%) and IB in 18 (90%). Five patients had almost complete lesion regression, whilst there was only a slight improvement, without regression in 14. Two patients developed infiltrated papules, comedones, and small cysts during follow‐up. Only one patient progressed to tumor stage (IIB) five years after the first diagnosis. The mean follow‐up was seven years (range: 12‐180 months). None of them died of cutaneous lymphoma.ConclusionsFMF presenting with only spiky/keratosis‐pilaris‐like lesions have an excellent prognosis at medium‐term follow‐up. Early recognition of patients with this peculiar FMF presentation might lead to identifying prognostic factors.
Biological mechanisms may contribute to soil carbon saturation patterns
Authors: Craig Matthew E. , Mayes Melanie A. , Sulman Benjamin N. , Walker Anthony P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIncreasing soil organic carbon (SOC) storage is a key strategy to mitigate rising atmospheric CO2, yet SOC pools often appear to saturate, or increase at a declining rate, as carbon (C) inputs increase. Soil C saturation is commonly hypothesized to result from the finite amount of reactive mineral surface area available for retaining SOC, and is accordingly represented in SOC models as a physicochemically determined SOC upper limit. However, mineral‐associated SOC is largely microbially generated. In this perspective, we present the hypothesis that apparent SOC saturation patterns could emerge as a result of ecological constraints on microbial biomass—for example, via competition or predation—leading to reduced C flow through microbes and a reduced rate of mineral‐associated SOC formation as soil C inputs increase. Microbially explicit SOC models offer an opportunity to explore this hypothesis, yet most of these models predict linear microbial biomass increases with C inputs and insensitivity of SOC to input rates. Synthesis of 54 C addition studies revealed constraints on microbial biomass as C inputs increase. Different hypotheses limiting microbial density were embedded in a three‐pool SOC model without explicit limits on mineral surface area. As inputs increased, the model demonstrated either no change, linear, or apparently saturating increases in mineral‐associated and particulate SOC pools. Taken together, our results suggest that microbial constraints are common and could lead to reduced mineral‐associated SOC formation as input rates increase. We conclude that SOC responses to altered C inputs—or any environmental change—are influenced by the ecological factors that limit microbial populations, allowing for a wider range of potential SOC responses to stimuli. Understanding how biotic versus abiotic factors contribute to these patterns will better enable us to predict and manage soil C dynamics.
Firm's tax aggressiveness under mandatory CSR regime: Evidence after mandatory CSR regulation of India
Authors: Raithatha Mehul , Shaw Tara Shankar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this study, we use the mandatory CSR spending regulation implemented by India in 2015 to examine whether firms that comply with the regulation change their tax aggressiveness. We document that firms that comply with CSR regulation end up having less tax aggression which supports the argument that enhanced visibility and firm‐level reputational concerns play a vital role in shaping up the relationship between CSR and taxation policy. Our results are consistent with the number of robustness checks.
On entrepreneurial resilience among micro‐entrepreneurs in the face of economic disruptions… A little help from friends
Authors: Iyengar Deepak , Nilakantan Rahul , Rao Shashank 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWhile much has been written about resilience in the supply chain management (SCM) literature, most investigations focus on large corporations from the perspective of helping them bounce back after disruptions. There has been little investigation on resilience among the weakest and smallest members of the global supply chain—that is, small entrepreneurs at the bottom of the pyramid (BOP). This is despite the fact that these micro‐entrepreneurs are often key cogs in the last‐mile supply chain efforts of major multinational corporations. They experience disruptions at a higher rate than major corporations, have fewer formal mechanisms in place to recover from them, and are often unable to "bounce back" in the traditional sense. In the current study, we address this gap by investigating multiple types of disruptions (i.e., idiosyncratic and covariate) and how they impact entrepreneurial resilience among microbusinesses in an emerging economy. In addition, we look at the buffering impact of various actors (i.e., financial and social) on entrepreneurship in the face of these disruptions. We highlight the important role that these entrepreneurs play in the BOP supply chain and provide suggestions that can assist with improving their resilience and the resilience of the BOP supply chain.
Circ‐LAMP1 contributes to the growth and metastasis of cholangiocarcinoma via miR‐556‐5p and miR‐567 mediated YY1 activation
Authors: Xu Yi , Gao Ping , Wang Zhidong , Su Zhilei , Liao Guanqun , Han Yi , Cui Yifeng , Yao Yue , Zhong Xiangyu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDysregulation of circular RNAs (circRNAs) executes important regulatory roles in carcinogenesis. Nonetheless, few studies focused on the mechanisms of circRNAs in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). qRT‐PCR was applied to verify the dysregulated circRNAs in CCA. Fisher's exact test, Kaplan‐Meier analysis and Cox regression model were utilized to investigate the clinical implications of circ‐LAMP1 in the patients with CCA. The viability, apoptosis, migration and invasion of CCA cells were detected after silencing/overexpression of circ‐LAMP1. Xenograft and lung metastasis assays were performed to verify the in vitro results. The regulatory networks of circ‐LAMP1 were unveiled by bioinformatic analysis, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), RNA pulldown and luciferase reporter assays. Up‐regulation of circ‐LAMP1 was found in CCA tissue samples and cell lines. Enhanced level of circ‐LAMP1 was linked to clinical severity, high post‐operative recurrence and poor prognosis for the patients with CCA. Gain/loss‐of‐function assays confirmed the oncogenic role of circ‐LAMP1 in mediating cell growth, apoptosis, migration and invasion. Nevertheless, the level of circ‐LAMP1 had no effect on normal biliary epithelium proliferation and apoptosis. Animal study further verified the in vitro data. Mechanistically, circ‐LAMP1 directly sponged miR‐556‐5p and miR‐567, thereby releasing their suppression on YY1 at post‐transcriptional level. Rescue assay indicated that the oncogenic role of circ‐LAMP1 is partially dependent on its modulation of YY1 in CCA. In summary, this study suggested that circ‐LAMP1 might be used as a promising biomarker/therapeutic target for CCA.
Identification of sorghum genotypes using a machine vision system
Authors: Nazari Leyla , Shaker Mohammad , Karimi Abdolhamid , Ropelewska Ewa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop an innovative machine vision system based on seed texture and geometric parameters to evaluate their efficacy in the identification of sorghum genotypes. The images of sorghum grain were acquired by a digital camera. Texture parameters were calculated for images converted to individual color channels. The geometric features including length, width, perimeter, area as well as 10 shape factors were determined. The seeds of individual genotypes were classified using the discriminative classifiers. In the case of discriminant analysis performed using texture parameters, the total accuracy reached 95.6% for the model built based on textures selected from all color channels. The complete separation of some genotypes was confirmed by scatterplots. The results of discrimination based on textures selected from color space Lab revealed a total accuracy of up to 94.8%. Discriminative models based on textures selected from color space RGB resulted in a total accuracy of up to 93.5%. Models built based on geometric features provided the accuracy of up to 99% for comparison selected genotypes.Practical ApplicationsThe classification models developed in this study can efficiently be used for the identification of sorghum seeds. The results of the studies can be used in practice for the assessment of the authentication of seeds of sorghum cultivars in a rapid, nondestructive and cost‐effective way and it can be an alternative to chemical or molecular methods, which are more expensive, long‐lasting and more complicated. Therefore, the application of image analysis is a great novelty of the research for the identification of cereal grain genotype.
Peers' Choices Influence Adolescent Risk‐taking Especially When Explicit Risk Information is Lacking
Authors: Osmont Anaïs , Camarda Anaëlle , Habib Marianne , Cassotti Mathieu 
Published: March 2021

This study examines the impact of peers’ previous cautious versus risky choices on adolescents’ risk‐taking depending on the level of information about the risk. Adolescents completed an adaptation of the BART that manipulated social influence (cautious and risky) and risk information (i.e., informed, noninformed). Results showed that social influence impacts adolescents’ decisions on the noninformed BART but not on the informed BART. In the noninformed BART, the peers’ cautious choices strongly decreased risk‐taking and led to greater performance. The peers’ risky choices increase adolescents’ risk‐taking, but this effect is limited to situations involving minimal risk. Thus social experience may be a specific social context that represents a valuable source of information during adolescence, especially in situations with high uncertainty.
Effect of trazodone versus cognitive‐behavioural treatment on high‐ and slow‐frequency activity during non‐rapid eye movement sleep in chronic insomnia: A pilot, randomized clinical trial
Authors: Li Yun , Vgontzas Alexandros N. , Fernandez‐Mendoza Julio , Fang Jidong , Puzino Kristina , Bixler Edward O 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTrazodone and cognitive‐behavioural treatment for insomnia (CBT‐I) are widely used to treat patients with chronic insomnia. Although both treatments improve sleep continuity, no study has compared their comparative effectiveness in modifying spectral electroencephalographic (EEG) activity during sleep in humans. In this study, participants included 19 men and women with chronic insomnia who were randomized to either trazodone (n = 8) or CBT‐I (n = 11) treatment for 3 months. We examined delta (0.39–3.91 Hz), theta (4.30–7.81 Hz), alpha (8.20–11.72 Hz), sigma (12.11–14.84 Hz), beta (15.23–35.16 Hz) and gamma (35.55–49.61 Hz) relative power during non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep at pre‐treatment, 3‐ month post‐treatment and 6‐month follow‐up. This study was registered in Clinical Trials (NCT01348542). We found trazodone but not CBT‐I significantly decreased sigma (p = .041, d = 0.88; time × group p = .009) and beta (p = .005, d = 1.41; time × group p = .016) power during NREM sleep at post‐treatment. Compared to CBT‐I, trazodone increased delta (p = .018) and decreased sigma (p = .013) and beta (p = .023) power during NREM sleep at post‐treatment. At follow‐up, we did not observe significant changes in relative EEG power during NREM sleep in either the CBT‐I or trazodone group compared to pre‐treatment. Compared to CBT‐I, trazodone decreased alpha (p = .039) and sigma (p = .009) power during NREM sleep at follow‐up. In conclusion, trazodone, but not CBT‐I, decreased fast‐frequency EEG activity during NREM sleep. Compared to CBT‐I, trazodone appears to have a stronger impact on cortical and physiological hyperarousal in patients with chronic insomnia.
Influence of clinical setting and cat characteristics on indirectly measured blood pressure and pulse rate in healthy Birman, Norwegian Forest, and Domestic Shorthair cats
Authors: Hanås Sofia , Holst Bodil S. , Ljungvall Ingrid , Tidholm Anna , Olsson Ulf , Häggström Jens , Höglund Katja 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundMeasured indirect blood pressure (BP) results in cats in a clinical environment might be affected by stress and characteristics of the cats.HypothesisTo investigate the influence of clinical setting, cat characteristics, and life situation on BP and pulse rate (PR) in healthy cats.AnimalsNinety‐four healthy Domestic Shorthair, Birman and Norwegian Forest cats.MethodsBlood pressure measured by high‐definition oscillometry in 3 settings: cat placed in its own carrier with veterinarian present; cat placed in carrier with owner alone present; and cat placed on table with veterinarian present. Statistical analyses were performed using mixed linear models.ResultsSystolic BP (SBP) did not differ among settings. Higher mean arterial pressure (MAP), diastolic BP (DBP), and PR were found when measurements were performed with cat placed on table, rather than in carrier. Coefficients of variation (CVs) higher for SBP, MAP, DBP, and PR when measured with cat placed on table than in carrier. Birman cats had lower BP than other breeds. Systolic BP, MAP, DBP, and PR increased with age. Cats allowed outdoors had lower PR than cats living strictly indoors.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceNo difference in SBP was found among settings, but measuring BP with the cat placed on the examination table gave higher MAP, DBP, PR, and CV than measuring BP with the cat in its carrier. Breed affected BP, with lower BP in Birman cats than other breeds. Blood pressure increased with age. Pulse rate was lower in cats allowed outdoors than cats living strictly indoors.
Resting skeletal muscle PNPLA2 (ATGL) and CPT1B are associated with peak fat oxidation rates in men and women but do not explain observed sex differences
Authors: Chrzanowski‐Smith Oliver J. , Edinburgh Robert M. , Smith Eleanor , Thomas Mark P. , Walhin Jean‐Philippe , Koumanov Francoise , Williams Sean , Betts James A. , Gonzalez Javier T. 
Published: March 2021

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
What is the relationship between proteins in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue determined at rest and at peak rates of fat oxidation in men and women?

What is the main finding and its importance?
The resting contents of proteins in skeletal muscle involved in triglyceride hydrolysis and mitochondrial lipid transport were more strongly associated with peak fat oxidation rates than proteins related to lipid transport or hydrolysis in adipose tissue. Although females displayed higher relative rates of fat oxidation than males, this was not explained by the proteins measured in this study, suggesting that other factors determine sex differences in fat metabolism.

AbstractWe explored key proteins involved in fat metabolism that might be associated with peak fat oxidation (PFO) and account for sexual dimorphism in fuel metabolism during exercise. Thirty‐six healthy adults [15 women; 40 ± 11 years of age; peak oxygen consumption 42.5 ± 9.5 ml (kg body mass)–1 min–1; mean ± SD] completed two exercise tests to determine PFO via indirect calorimetry. Resting adipose tissue and/or skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained to determine the adipose tissue protein content of PLIN1, ABHD5 (CGI‐58), LIPE (HSL), PNPLA2 (ATGL), ACSL1, CPT1B and oestrogen receptor α (ERα) and the skeletal muscle protein content of FABP 3 (FABPpm), PNPLA2 (ATGL), ACSL1, CTP1B and ESR1 (ERα). Moderate strength correlations were found between PFO [in milligrams per kilogram of fat‐free mass (FFM) per minute] and the protein content of PNPLA2 (ATGL) [rs = 0.41 (0.03–0.68), P < 0.05] and CPT1B [rs = 0.45 (0.09–0.71), P < 0.05] in skeletal muscle. No other statistically significant bivariate correlations were found consistently. Females had a greater relative PFO than males [7.1 ± 1.9 vs. 4.5 ± 1.3 and 7.3 ± 1.7 vs. 4.8 ± 1.2 mg (kg FFM)–1 min–1 in the adipose tissue (n = 14) and skeletal muscle (n = 12) subgroups, respectively (P < 0.05)]. No statistically significant sex differences were found in the content of these proteins. The regulation of PFO might involve processes relating to intramyocellular triglyceride hydrolysis and mitochondrial fatty acid transport, and adipose tissue is likely to play a more minor role than muscle. Sex differences in fat metabolism are likely to be attributable to factors other than the resting content of proteins in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue relating to triglyceride hydrolysis and fatty acid transport.
Force Evaluation of Tendon Routing for Underactuated Grasping
Authors: Clark Angus B. , Liow Lois , Rojas Nicolas 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
While the modeling analysis of the kinetostatic behavior of underactuated tendon-driven robotic fingers has been largely addressed in the literature, tendon routing is often not considered by these theoretical models. The tendon routing path plays a fundamental role in defining joint torques, and subsequently, the force vectors produced by the phalanges. However, dynamic tendon behavior is difficult to predict and is influenced by many external factors including tendon friction, the shape of the grasped object, the initial pose of the fingers, and finger contact points. In this paper, we present an experimental comparison of the force performance of nine fingers, with different tendon routing configurations. We use the concept of force-isotropy, in which forces are equal and distributed on each phalanx as the optimum condition for an adaptive grasp. Our results show only some of the finger designs surveyed exhibited a partial adaptive behavior, showing distributed force for the proximal and distal phalanxes throughout grasping cycles, while other routings resulted in only a single phalanx remaining in contact with the object.
Data Protection in AI Services
Authors: Meurisch Christian , Mühlhäuser Max 
Published: March 2021

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have shaped today’s user services, enabling enhanced personalization and better support. As such AI-based services inevitably require user data, the resulting privacy implications are de facto the unacceptable face of this technology. In this article, we categorize and survey the cutting-edge research on privacy and data protection in the context of personalized AI services. We further review the different protection approaches at three different levels, namely, the management, system, and AI levels—showing that (i) not all of them meet our identified requirements of evolving AI services and that (ii) many challenges are addressed separately or fragmentarily by different research communities. Finally, we highlight open research challenges and future directions in data protection research, especially that comprehensive protection requires more interdisciplinary research and a combination of approaches at different levels.
Perfect Subjects, Shields, and Retractions: Three Models of Impassibility
Authors: Toth Zita V. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
According to theological consensus at least from the thirteenth century, at the End of Times our body will be resurrected and reunited with our soul. The resurrected body, although numerically identical to our present one, will be quite different: it will possess clarity, agility, subtility, and the inability to suffer. It is the last of these characteristics that will be of most concern in the present article. There are two reasons why impassibility presents a problem in the medieval framework. The first has to do with how to characterize impassibility more precisely; the second arises because at first it may seem that impassibility is not metaphysically possible at all. The article will look at three attempts to tackle these problems: those of Thomas Aquinas, Durand of St.-Pourçain, and Peter of Palude. As the article aims to show, looking at how causal powers work on the New Earth may shed some light on how medieval thinkers thought they worked on the present one.