bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-parametric spatial curvature inference using late-Universe cosmological probes
Authors: Dhawan Suhail , Alsing Justin , Vagnozzi Sunny 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Inferring high-fidelity constraints on the spatial curvature parameter, ΩK, under as few assumptions as possible, is of fundamental importance in cosmology. We propose a method to non-parametrically infer ΩK from late-Universe probes alone. Using Gaussian processes (GPs) to reconstruct the expansion history, we combine cosmic chronometers (CCs) and type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) data to infer constraints on curvature, marginalized over the expansion history, calibration of the CC and SNe Ia data, and the GP hyper-parameters. The obtained constraints on ΩK are free from parametric model assumptions for the expansion history and are insensitive to the overall calibration of both the CC and SNe Ia data (being sensitive only to relative distances and expansion rates). Applying this method to Pantheon SNe Ia and the latest compilation of CCs, we find ΩK = −0.03 ± 0.26, consistent with spatial flatness at the $\mathcal {O}(10^{-1})$ level, and independent of any early-Universe probes. Applying our methodology to future baryon acoustic oscillations and SNe Ia data from upcoming Stage IV surveys, we forecast the ability to constrain ΩK at the $\mathcal {O}(10^{-2})$ level.
Dynamic Rearrangement and Directional Migration of Tubular Vacuoles are Required for the Asymmetric Division of the Arabidopsis Zygote
Authors: Matsumoto Hikari , Kimata Yusuke , Higaki Takumi , Higashiyama Tetsuya , Ueda Minako 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In most flowering plants, the asymmetric cell division of zygotes is the initial step that establishes the apical–basal axis. In the Arabidopsis zygote, vacuolar accumulation at the basal cell end is crucial to ensure zygotic division asymmetry. Despite the importance, it was unclear whether this polar vacuolar distribution was achieved by predominant biogenesis at the basal region or by directional movement after biogenesis. Here, we found that apical and basal vacuolar contents are dynamically exchanged via a tubular vacuolar network and the vacuoles gradually migrate toward the basal end. The mutant of a vacuolar membrane protein, SHOOT GRAVITROPISM2 (SGR2), failed to form tubular vacuoles, and the mutant of a putative vacuolar fusion factor, VESICLE TRANSPORT THROUGH INTERACTION WITH T-SOLUBLE N-ETHYLMALEIMIDE-SENSITIVE FUSION PROTEIN ATTACHMENT PROTEIN RECEPTORS (SNARES) 11 (VTI11), could not flexibly rearrange the vacuolar network. Both mutants failed to exchange the apical and basal vacuolar contents and to polarly migrate the vacuoles, resulting in a more symmetric division of zygotes. Additionally, we observed that in contrast to sgr2, the zygotic defects of vti11 were rescued by the pharmacological depletion of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P), a distinct phospholipid in the vacuolar membrane. Thus, SGR2 and VTI11 have individual sites of action in zygotic vacuolar membrane processes. Further, a mutant of YODA (YDA) mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase, a core component of the embryonic axis formation pathway, generated the proper vacuolar network; however, it failed to migrate the vacuoles toward the basal region, which suggests impaired directional cues. Overall, we conclude that SGR2- and VTI11-dependent vacuolar exchange and YDA-mediated directional migration are necessary to achieve polar vacuolar distribution in the zygote.
Species Differences between Mouse and Human PPARα in Modulating the Hepatocarcinogenic Effects of Perinatal Exposure to a High-Affinity Human PPARα Agonist in Mice
Authors: Foreman Jennifer E , Koga Takayuki , Kosyk Oksana , Kang Boo-Hyon , Zhu Xiaoyang , Cohen Samuel M , Billy Laura J , Sharma Arun K , Amin Shantu , Gonzalez Frank J , Rusyn Ivan , Peters Jeffrey M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Evidence suggests that species differences exist between rodents and humans in their biological responses to ligand activation of PPARα. Moreover, neonatal/postnatal rodents may be more sensitive to the effects of activating PPARα. Thus, the present studies examined the effects of chronic ligand activation of PPARα initiated during early neonatal development and continued into adulthood on hepatocarcinogenesis in mice. Wild-type, Ppara-null, or PPARA-humanized mice were administered a potent, high-affinity human PPARα agonist GW7647, and cohorts of mice were examined over time. Activation of PPARα with GW7647 increased expression of known PPARα target genes in liver and was associated with hepatomegaly, increased hepatic cytotoxicity and necrosis, increased expression of hepatic MYC, and a high incidence of hepatocarcinogenesis in wild-type mice. These effects did not occur or were largely diminished in Ppara-null and PPARA-humanized mice, although background levels of hepatocarcinogenesis were also noted in both Ppara-null and PPARA-humanized mice. More fatty change (steatosis) was also observed in both Ppara-null and PPARA-humanized mice independent of GW7647 administration. Results from these studies indicate that the mouse PPARα is required to mediate hepatocarcinogenesis induced by GW7647 in mice and that activation of the human PPARα with GW7647 in PPARA-humanized mice are diminished compared with wild-type mice. Ppara-null and PPARA-humanized mice are valuable tools for examining species differences in the mechanisms of PPARα-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, but background levels of liver cancer observed in aged Ppara-null and PPARA-humanized mice must be considered when interpreting results from studies that use these models. These results also demonstrate that early life exposure to a potent human PPARα agonist does not enhance sensitivity to hepatocarcinogenesis.
Novel therapies and the potential for a personalized approach to atopic dermatitis
Authors: Balakirski Galina , Novak Natalija 
Published: June 2021

Purpose of review
To provide a cutting-edge overview of recent developments in topical and systemic therapeutic approaches for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD).

Recent findings
Growing knowledge about key pathways in AD and stratification of patient's subgroups have set the basis for a new era of targeted topical and systemic therapy in AD.
Different aspects have to be considered in the decision process for topical versus systemic therapy. Further on, co-factors from the patient's side as well as the side of the substances determine the choice of a particular drug/drug type.
Tailored medicine in AD treatment comprises drugs of the group of small molecules such as topical Janus kinases-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) inhibitors or phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors, and JAK-STAT inhibitors for oral use, as well as monoclonal antibodies for subcutaneous use, which target key cytokines or cytokine receptors in AD pathogenesis.

Summary
The current stepwise treatment approaches, which are settled on basic therapy and structured patient education and gradually expanded depending on the severity of the disease by stronger topical or even systemic measures, will have to be adapted to the rapid development in the therapeutic field, mirrored by an impressive high number of ongoing clinical studies as well as novel drugs at late stages of clinical trials with so far quite promising results.
Prehospital administration of blood and plasma products
Authors: Roehl Anna , Grottke Oliver 
Published: June 2021

Purpose of review
Posttraumatic bleeding following major trauma is life threatening for the patient and remains a major global health issue. Bleeding after major trauma is worsened by trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC). TIC consists of acute trauma coagulopathy and resuscitation coagulopathy. The early diagnosis and management of prehospital TIC management are challenging.

Recent findings
Concepts for early diagnosis and management of civilian prehospital TIC management are evolving. The feasibility of prehospital blood component as well as coagulation factor transfusion has been proven.

Summary
Due to different national guidelines and regulations of blood component therapies there is a wide heterogeneity in concepts of prehospital damage control resuscitation. Tranexamic acid administration is widely accepted, whereas the transfusion of whole blood, blood components, or coagulations factors needs further examination in the civilian setting.
Is the Story Over? Progression After Bracing in AIS
Authors: Thompson Rachel M. , Hubbard Elizabeth W. , Jo Chan-Hee , Virostek Don , Karol Lori A. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Despite successful bracing for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), some curves progress after brace cessation. The purpose of this study was to identify the incidence, rate, and risk factors for progression after successful brace management of AIS.

Materials and Methods
Patients treated with orthoses for AIS were prospectively enrolled at brace initiation, followed through successful brace completion and, on average, for 33 months (range 12–95) after brace cessation. Inclusion criteria were curves 25° to 45° and Risser 0 to II at brace initiation with cessation at Risser IV with curves measuring <50°. Exclusion criteria were cessation before Risser IV or curve progression >50° during bracing. Demographics and radiographic measures were collected. Brace compliance was measured using Thermachron temperature sensor. Postbrace progressors were compared with nonprogressors using Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher exact test, and two-sample t-test.

Results
Eighty-five patients who completed bracing with final curves <50° were followed after brace discontinuation >1 year. Twenty-seven/85 (31.8%) progressed postbracing to surgical curve magnitude >50° (n = 12) or progressed >5° after brace cessation without progression to surgical magnitude (n = 15). There was no difference between progressors and nonprogressors in age or menarchal status at brace initiation or completion, nor was there a difference in curve magnitude or morphology at initiation. There was no difference in duration of or compliance with bracing. Patients with postbrace surgical progression completed bracing at 46° on average compared with 33° for those who did not progress to surgical magnitude (P < 0.0001). Patients who completed bracing at >45° had an incidence of postbrace surgical progression of 67%. No patients who completed bracing with curves <40° showed progression after brace cessation.

Conclusions
A total of 14.1% of patients successfully treated for AIS with bracing later progressed to surgical magnitude, and an additional 17.6% progressed >5° after brace completion. Findings suggest that patients with curves measuring >40° at brace completion should be followed into young adulthood. Counseling regarding the potential future need for surgery is warranted once a curve exceeds 45° in braced patients.

Level of Evidence
Level 2 prospective cohort study
Facing Acromegaly During Rhinoplasty Procedure
Authors: Dissaux Caroline , Bruant-Rodier Catherine , Ruffenach Laetitia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Acromegaly is a rare pathology linked to a pituitary adenoma responsible for excessive secretions of growth hormone and insulin growth factor 1 inducing an overgrowth of most tissues, especially those which are visible in the face. Main problem stands in the usual delayed diagnosis. The authors report the case of a patient operated twice of a rhinoplasty before and after the acromegaly diagnosis for a very excessive nose. They emphasize the technical difficulties to efficiently reduce all the nasal dimensions, the importance of the soft tissues quality, as they cover the nasal cartilaginous framework, and the absolute necessity of biological normalization to provide a stable and satisfactory result.
Predictors for Surgeries With the Endoscope-Navigation System for Traumatic Optic Neuropathy and its Clinical Assessment
Authors: Song Xuefei , Wang Yefei , Li Lunhao , Pan Hui , Li Yinwei , Chen Huifang , Yang Xiaoxuan , Xiao Caiwen , Fan Xianqun 
Published: June 2021

Background:
To assess surgeries with the endoscope-navigation system (ENS) in patients who underwent traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) and find predictors for best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) outcomes.

Methods:
The clinical data of 96 consecutive TON patients (96 eyes) who underwent decompression surgery with ENS in the Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, from January 2013 to December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. A binary logistic regression was performed to establish a predictive model for BCVA after treatment as TON outcome.

Results:
By practicing ENS, 49/96 (51.0%) TON patients got improvement in BCVA, whereas the improvement rate of patients with BCVA of light perception or better was 72.5% (29/40). Hemorrhage within the postethmoid and/or sphenoid sinus, orbital fracture, time interval between trauma and treatment, and BCVA before treatment were predictors for BCVA improvement in TON patients by practicing ENS surgery. The area under raw current curves of the predictive model was 0.826.

Conclusions:
Surgeries with the ENS showed positive outcomes for TON patients, especially for those with better BCVA before treatment, shorter time interval between trauma and treatment, without orbital fracture or hemorrhage within the postethmoid and/or sphenoid sinus.
An Exploratory Study of Cerebellar Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Individuals With Chronic Stroke Aphasia
Authors: DeMarco Andrew T. , Dvorak Elizabeth , Lacey Elizabeth , Stoodley Catherine J. , Turkeltaub Peter E. 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Aphasia is a common, debilitating consequence of stroke, and speech therapy is often inadequate to achieve a satisfactory outcome. Neuromodulation techniques have emerged as a potential augmentative treatment for improving aphasia outcomes. Most studies have targeted the cerebrum, but there are theoretical and practical reasons that stimulation over the cerebral hemispheres might not be ideal. On the other hand, the right cerebellum is functionally and anatomically linked to major language areas in the left hemisphere, making it a promising alternative target site for stimulation.

Objective:
To provide preliminary effect sizes for the ability of a short course of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) targeted over the right cerebellum to enhance language processing in individuals with chronic poststroke aphasia.

Method:
Ten individuals received five sessions of open-label anodal tDCS targeting the right cerebellum. The effects of the tDCS were compared with the effects of sham tDCS on 14 controls from a previous clinical trial. In total, 24 individuals with chronic poststroke aphasia participated in the study. Behavioral testing was conducted before treatment, immediately following treatment, and at the 3-month follow-up.

Results:
Cerebellar tDCS did not significantly enhance language processing measured either immediately following treatment or at the 3-month follow-up. The effect sizes of tDCS over sham treatment were generally nil or small, except for the mean length of utterance on the picture description task, for which medium to large effects were observed.

Conclusion:
These results may provide guidance for investigators who are planning larger trials of tDCS for individuals with chronic poststroke aphasia.
First evidence of SARS-CoV-2 genome detection in zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha)
Authors: Le Guernic Antoine , Palos Ladeiro Mélissa , Boudaud Nicolas , Do Nascimento Julie , Gantzer Christophe , Inglard Jean-Christophe , Mouchel Jean-Marie , Pochet Cécile , Moulin Laurent , Rocher Vincent , Waldman Prunelle , Wurtzer Sébastien , Geffard Alain 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe uses of bivalve molluscs in environmental biomonitoring have recently gained momentum due to their ability to indicate and concentrate human pathogenic microorganisms. In the context of the health crisis caused by the COVID-19 epidemic, the objective of this study was to determine if the SARS-CoV-2 ribonucleic acid genome can be detected in zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) exposed to raw and treated urban wastewaters from two separate plants to support its interest as bioindicator of the SARS-CoV-2 genome contamination in water. The zebra mussels were exposed to treated wastewater through caging at the outlet of two plants located in France, as well as to raw wastewater at laboratory scale in controlled conditions. Within their digestive tissues, our results showed that SARS-CoV-2 genome was detected in zebra mussels, whether in raw and treated wastewaters. Moreover, the detection of the SARS-CoV-2 genome in such bivalve molluscans appeared even with low concentrations in raw wastewaters. This is the first detection of the SARS-CoV-2 genome in the tissues of a sentinel species exposed to raw and treated urban wastewaters. Despite the need for development for quantitative approaches, these results support the importance of such invertebrate organisms, especially zebra mussel, for the active surveillance of pathogenic microorganisms and their indicators in environmental waters.Graphical abstract
Pulsed electromagnetic fields may be effective for the management of primary osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhu Siyi , Li Yi , Wang Liqiong , Huang Jinming , Song Kangping , Gan Xinling , Xiang Xiaona , He Chengqi , Yang Lin 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate the effectiveness of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) for the management of primary osteoporosis in older adults.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data SourcesMEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, CENTRAL and CCTR, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, CNKI, VIP, Wan Fang,ClinicalTrials.govand Current controlled trials from the inception dates to April 30, 2021.Eligibility criteria for study selectionRandomised controlled trials or quasi-randomised trials examining the effects of PEMFs compared to placebo or sham or other agents for the management of primary osteoporosis (including those with previous fractures).Data extraction and synthesisTwo independent reviewers extracted data. Primary outcomes were bone mass and number of incident fractures. Secondary outcomes were functional assessments, quality of life, and adverse events. Risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool and certainty of evidence with the grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) framework. A random effects model was used to calculate mean differences and 95% confidence intervals.ResultsEight trials including 396 participants met the inclusion criteria. Low certainty evidence showed that PEMFs was non-inferior to conventional pharmacological agents in preventing the decline of Bone Mineral Density (BMD) at the lumbar (MD 0.01; CI -0.04 to 0.06) and femur neck (MD 0.01; CI -0.02 to 0.04), and improving balance function measured by Berg Balance Scale (BBS) (MD 0.01; CI -0.09 to 0.11) and Timed Up and Go test (MD -0.04; CI -0.80 to 0.72), directly after intervention. The similar effects were observed in BMD and BBS at 12- and 24-weeks follow-up from baseline with moderate certainty evidence. Very low certainty evidence showed that PEMFs (versus exercise) had small but significant effect on BMD at the femur neck (MD 0.10; CI 0.01 to 0.20), and no effect on BMD at the lumbar (MD 0.15; CI -0.04 to 0.35).ConclusionPEMFs had positive effects non-inferior to first-line treatment on BMD and balance function in older adults with primary osteoporosis, but with low to very low certainty evidence and short-term follow-ups. There is a need for high-quality randomised controlled trials evaluating PEMFs for the management of primary osteoporosis.RegistrationPROSPERO CRD42018099518.
Stopping the misinformation: BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine has no negative effect on women’s fertility
Authors: Safrai Myriam , Rottenstreich Amihai , Herzberg Shmuel , Imbar Tal , Reubinoff Benjamin , Ben-Meir Assaf 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the possible impact of Pfizer-BioNTech’s mRNA BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine on women’s fertility.MethodsA retrospective single-center study examining women’s IVF treatment parameters and pregnancies before and after their vaccination between February and May 2021. Each woman served as a self-control before and after vaccination. Additionally, in order to neutralize the effect of the sperm on fertilization, only Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) patients who were currently being treated with an ICSI cycle and had an earlier ICSI cycle available were included in the study. The study outcomes compared between the PRE and POST vaccination groups and consisted of: the IVF cycle outcomes, including the number of oocytes retrieved; the number of matured oocytes; the fertilization rate; and the number and quality of embryos at day 3. Clinical pregnancy was based on the first hCG value reported if the data were available for both cycles.ResultsA final total of 47 women were eligible for inclusion with a mean interval of 362 ±368 days between the two ovum pick ups. The characteristics of their ICSI cycles before and after the vaccination were similar for all the parameters. Additionally, the number and percentage of clinical pregnancies did not significantly differ between the PRE and POST vaccination groups (n=15).ConclusionThis study is the first to evaluate the impact of the BNT162b2 vaccine on women’s fertility. From our findings, the vaccine appears to have no impact on women’s fertility. This study is the first step in abolishing the misinformation derived from unreliable sources and reassuring patients in order to improve compliance and promote COVID-19 eradication.
Pediatric intensive care hybrid-style clinical round during COVID-19 pandemic: A pilot study
Authors: Temsah Mohamad-Hani , Alhboob Ali , Ammo Noura Abou , Al-Eyadhy Ayman , Aljamaan Fadi , Alsohime Fahad , Alabdulhafid Majed , Ashry Ahmad , Bukhari Ahmad , ElTahir Omer , Jamal Amr , Halwani Rabih , Alhasan Khalid , Al-Tawfiq Jaffar A. , Barry Mazin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundWith the evolving COVID-19 pandemic and the emphasis on social distancing to decrease the spread of SARS-CoV-2 among healthcare workers (HCWs), our pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) piloted utilization of Zoom online into the clinical rounds to enhance communication among the treating team. We aimed to explore the feasibility of these hybrid virtual and physical clinical rounds for PICU patients from the HCWs’ perspective.MethodsA mixed quantitative and qualitative deductive thematic content analysis of narrative responses from pediatric intensive care HCWs were analyzed, descriptive statistics were usedResultsA total of 31 HCW were included in the analysis; the mean time of the virtual round was 72.45 minutes vs. 34.68 for physical rounds, the most shared component in the virtual round was CXR (93.5%). Some of the HCWs’ perceived advantages of the hybrid rounds were enabling the multidisciplinary discussions, lesser round interruptions, and practicality of the virtual discussions. The perceived challenges were the difficulty of the bedside nurse to attend the virtual round, decreased teaching opportunities for the trainees, and decreased interactions among the team members, especially if the video streaming was not utilized.ConclusionHybrid virtual and physical clinical rounds in PICU were perceived as feasible by HCWs. The virtual rounds decreased the physical contact between the HCWs, which could decrease the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 spread among the treating team. Still, several components of the hybrid round could be optimized to facilitate the virtual team-members’ interactions and enhance the teaching experience.