bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Impacts of Reservoir Operation on the Spatiotemporal Variation in Nitrogen Forms in the Post-Three Gorges Dam Period (2004–2016)
Authors: Nie Bei , Zeng Yuhong , Niu Lanhua , Zhang Xiaofeng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient limiting life, and its biochemical cycling and distribution in rivers have been markedly affected by river engineering construction and operation. Here, we comprehensively analyzed the spatiotemporal variations and driving environmental factors of N distributions based on the long-term observations (from 2004 to 2016) of seven stations in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR). In the study period, the overall water quality status of the river reach improved, whereas N pollution was severe and tended to be aggravated after the TGR impoundment. The anti-seasonal reservoir operation strongly affected the variations in N forms. The total nitrogen (TN) concentration in the mainstream of the Yangtze River continuously increased, although it was still lower than that in the incoming tributaries (Wu and Jialing rivers). Further analysis showed that this increase occurred probably because of external inputs, including the upstream (76%), non-point (22%), and point source pollution inputs (2%). Besides, different N forms showed significant seasonal variations; among them, the TN and nitrate nitrogen concentrations were the lowest in the impoundment season (October–February), and the ammonia nitrogen concentrations were the highest in the sluicing season (March–May). These parameters varied likely because of internal N transformation. Redundancy analysis revealed that the water level regulated by the anti-seasonal operation was the largest contributor. Our findings could provide a basis for managing and predicting the water quality in the Yangtze River.
C. elegans-based chemosensation strategy for the early detection of cancer metabolites in urine samples
Authors: Lanza Enrico , Rocco Martina Di , Schwartz Silvia , Caprini Davide , Milanetti Edoardo , Ferrarese Giuseppe , Lonardo Maria Teresa , Pannone Luca , Ruocco Giancarlo , Martinelli Simone , Folli Viola 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Chemosensory receptors play a crucial role in distinguishing the wide range of volatile/soluble molecules by binding them with high accuracy. Chemosensation is particularly developed in organisms lacking long-range sensory mechanisms like vision/hearing. Despite its low number of sensory neurons, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans possesses several chemosensory receptors, allowing it to detect about as many odorants as mammals. Here, we show that C. elegans displays attraction towards urine samples of women with breast cancer, avoiding control ones. Behavioral assays on animals lacking AWC sensory neurons demonstrate the relevance of these neurons in sensing cancer odorants: calcium imaging on AWC increases the accuracy of the discrimination (97.22%). Also, chemotaxis assays on animals lacking GPCRs expressed in AWC allow to identify receptors involved in binding cancer metabolites, suggesting that an alteration of a few metabolites is sufficient for the cancer discriminating behavior of C. elegans, which may help identify a fundamental fingerprint of breast cancer.
Thermal and Geometrical Assessment of Parabolic Trough Collector Mounted Double Evacuated Novel Receiver Tube System
Authors: Thappa Sahil , Chauhan Aditya , Anand Yatheshth , Anand Sanjeev 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper particularly aims to highlight the necessity of optimal geometric design considerations of a parabolic trough collector (PTC) mounted novel receiver tube in view of efficient operation and high-end performance. Many investigations, analysis, and validation have been done in this regard as solar energy based PTC now a commercially mature technology acknowledges a variety of role in the form of power generation and other thermal applications. This article identifies the optimal rim angle corresponding to its tube size as required for high exergetic gains. Almost six receiver tubes, distinct in terms of dimensions and number of covers are compared for their best results to be mounted on adequate geometry with different rim angle (40°, 80°, and 120°). A significant variation of flow rate (i.e. 16 to 216 litre/hr) and inlet fluid temperature (i.e. 323 K, 423 K, 523 K, 623 K, and 723 K) has been extensively detailed about high energy and exergy retrieval from the system. The study reports that all the favorable results are found with the receiver tube having a diameter of 0.027 m and a double envelope, compared to other design considerations. Results show that as the flow rate increases energy efficiency also increases up to some extent along with increasing receiver tube temperature. The highest energy and exergy efficiency as reported to be 79.4% and 47% respectively with 80o being the optimal rim angle for a 5.7 m wide parabolic aperture.
Efficient Electrocatalytic Upgrading of Furan-Based Biomass: Key Roles of Two-Dimensional Mesoporous Heterostructure and Ternary Electrolyte
Authors: Wu Haoran , Zou Yashi , Xu Haishan , Yang Jianming , Bao Qinye , Wu Liang , Mai Yiyong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Development of high-performance electrocatalytic systems for efficient conversion of biomass to value-added chemicals under mild conditions and understanding of their mechanisms are of profound significance, but have remained a great challenge. Here, we report the first development of two-dimensional mesoporous electrocatalyst for biomass conversion. The electrocatalyst (meso-PA/PmPD/GO) consists of phytic acid (PA)-doped mesoporous poly(m-phenylenediamine) layers coated on graphene oxide nanosheets. Meanwhile, a high-performance ternary electrolyte containing 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BmimBF4), acetonitrile and H2O is developed. The combination of meso-PA/PmPD/GO and the ternary electrolyte realizes highly efficient conversion of two important biomass derivatives at room temperature. One involves a hardly achieved oxidation of furfuryl alcohol to 6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-6H-pyrano-3-one with high faradic efficiency (FE: 83.7%) and selectivity (87.9%). The other involves the oxidation of furfural to 5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone with record-high FE (98.9%) and selectivity (93.6%). Mechanism study including DFT calculations unveils that N-heterocyclic carbenes (Bmim*) generated from BmimBF4 act as the reaction-determining active species. Additionally, the synergistic effect of the PA doping, mesoporous structure and p-n heterojunction interface in meso-PA/PmPD/GO favors the mass transport and the transfer of generated holes to the outer layers, thus boosting the catalytic performance.
Effect of direct feeding training with xanthan gum-based thickener modified food on the recovery of swallowing safety and efficacy in Chinese patients with post-stroke dysphagia: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Wang Yao , Rao Jiang , Zhang Jie , Zhu Hui-min , Liu Li , Huang Shao-chun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Increasing the bolus viscosity of food can protect patients with post-stroke dysphagia (PSD) from aspiration. However, conventional starch thickeners increase post-deglutition residue. The aim of this study was to assess the therapeutic effect of direct feeding training with xanthan gum-based thickener (Softia G, NUTRI Co., Ltd., Yokkaichi, Japan) modified food in Chinese PSD patients with a nasogastric tube.Methods: This randomized controlled study enrolled PSD patients with a gastric tube, who were equally divided into the experimental group (E-group) and the control group (C-group) according to a random number table. Both groups were given traditional training for dysphagia. The E-group cases received additional direct feeding training with Softia G-modified training food. The Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) and modified volume-viscosity swallow test (M-VVST) for swallowing safety and efficacy according to adjusted Chinese dietary habits were administered before and after treatment for four weeks. The nasogastric tube removal rate was calculated in both groups post-training.Results: A total of 167 participants completed the study, 82 cases in the E-group and 85 in the C-group. After treatment, the FOIS score of the E-group (median = 5) was better than that of the C-group (median = 3) (p < 0.001). In the E-group, the incidence of coughing, voice changes, and oxygen desaturation of 3% or more was 7.32%, 4.88%, and 2.44%, significantly lower than in the C-group (37.65%, 16.47%, and 11.76%, p < 0.05). The incidence of pharyngeal residue and piecemeal deglutition were 0% and 2.44%, respectively, in the E-group; the differences between the groups were statistically significant (The C-group: 28.24% and 16.47%, p < 0.05). Moreover, the gastric tube removal rate was 100% in the E-group and 28.24% in the C-group (p < 0.001).Conclusion: Direct feeding training with xanthan gum-based thickener Softia G-modified food can effectively promote swallowing safety and efficacy in Chinese patients with PSD. M-VVST is more applicable to the Chinese population than conventional V-VST.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trail Registry ChiCTR2100043352, 11/02/2021, Retrospectively registered.
Fluorescent lamp tungsten filament thermionic emission gun as a novel humidity optical sensor
Authors: Sherafat Leila , Torabi-Monfared Hossein , Doroodmand Mohammad Mahdi , Eshghi Fazlolah 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Detecting humidity is a continuing concern within important area such as structural health, food processing, industrial as well agricultural products. In this study, a novel humidity optical sensor is introduced based on the thermionic emission of tungsten filament of a fluorescent lamp. Estimated blue compliant using a charged coupling device camera (CCD) in optical image of the tungsten filament is considered as appropriate detection system for relative humidity (RH) sensing. . The fabricated optical sensor has acceptable linear range (2.0- 98 % RH), improved detection limit (<5.0 % RH), acceptable saturated limit (> 99.0 % RH), improved percentage of relative standard deviation (4.18%, n=2), adequate hysteresis (<4.0 % RH) and a shorter rise time (<5.0 s), respectively. The mechanism behind this detection system was based on the interaction between H2O and tungsten filament during formation of WO3.x H2O (x = 1-2) based on the patented X-ray diffraction analysis.
Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Otolaryngology Residency Training: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Sánchez-Gómez Serafín , Maza-Solano Juan Manuel , López-Flórez Luz , Arias Pablo Parente , Duro David Lobo , Palacios-García José María 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundTraining in surgical specialties has declined during the COVID-19 pandemic. A study was carried out to further analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on specific aspects of clinical, training, and research activities performed by the otolaryngology residents in Spain.MethodsA cross-sectional qualitative study was conducted during the last two weeks of February 2021. The study consisted of an online survey taken by otolaryngology residents who had undertaken one-year continuing training from February 15, 2020 to February 15, 2021 and consisted of 26 questions exploring the impact of the COVID-19 on the health of the ENT residents and training activities. Categorical variables were reported as frequency and percentage. When indicated, Pearson´s Chi-square test (c2) with Yates´s correction and Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) were used.Results143 completed surveys were received from 264 Residents (54.17%). 36 residents (25.2%) have suffered from the disease due to SARS-CoV-2. Most of them only developed mild symptoms (86.1%), with 3 requiring hospitalization (8.3%). The origin of infection was unknown in all cases and the need for confinement was principally due to either attending an asymptomatic patient in 9 cases (6.3%) or to being in close contact with an asymptomatic person off hospital grounds in 22 (15.4%). 60.1% of the residents surveyed reported having lost more than 6 months of their training period, and in 18.8% of cases, it was as high as 10 and 12 months. There has been a reduction of more than 75% of what was planned in surgical training (p < 0.05) of tympanoplasty, mastoidectomy, stapedectomy, cochlear implants, endoscopic sinonasal and anterior skull base surgery, septoplasty and turbinoplasty.ConclusionsThe decline in ENT activity and residents having to assist in other COVID-19 units during the most critical moments of the pandemic, has caused the main reduction in their training capacity. Virtual activities have been widely accepted, but they have not completely replaced all residents’ training needs. Specialized ENT training should be extended from 6 months to 1 year to ensure adequate training, especially for recovering the surgical Otology and Rhinology hands-on training lost during the pandemic.
A systematic review of the effects of remote feedback in home-based strategy physical activity interventions for cancer survivors
Authors: Omar Mardiana , Zulkefli Nor Afiah Mohd 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Studies have reported on positive health outcomes from physical activity (PA) for cancer survivorship. Systematic reviews, meta-analysis and trial studies have concluded that PA intervention improves quality of life and physical function, reduces the relapse of cancer and mitigates cancer mortality. Despite these important gains, cancer survivors’ PA level is still not satisfactory. Across all cancer types, home is the most preferred location of PA. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of remote feedback delivery strategy for home-based PA among cancer survivors. Methods: A systematic review was conducted by retrieving relevant articles published from the year 2009 to 2019 from the database aggregator EBSCOhost (databases used were Medline, CINAHL, SPORT Discuss and Cochrane trials). Results: Both frequent remote contact and direct remote contact are equally effective and have a larger effect than programmes with usual care, no intervention, participants placed in waiting list for intervention or participants given basic guidelines on PA. Direct remote contact reported strong evidence of moderate effect while frequent telephone contact reported conflicting findings of varied effect sizes. Conclusion: Opting for remote feedback strategies with supervised exercise provide an easier approach for the cancer survivors to keep up with exercise for a longer period of time and can be integrated in a cancer survivor’s lifestyle.
3D DCE-MRA in spinal vascular malformations
Authors: Cao Jibin , Gao Sijia , Sun Wenge , Cui Lingling 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose: This study was carried out to investigate whether 3.0T dynamic enhanced 3 dimensional magnetic resonance angiography (3D DCE-MRA) could identify spinal cord vascular malformations efficiently.Material and Methods: 32 suspected cases of spinal vascular disease with MR imaging and clinical symptoms were detected using DCE-MRA. 28 patients were valued through DSA for 3-5 days, and surgical treatment was performed on 24 patients. Results: DCE-MRA was used to examine all the cases which recognized abnormal vascular lesions clearly, and 28 cases were consistent with DSA or surgical diagnosis. The arterial blood supply was evaluated accurately in 28 cases. The findings were correct in 26 cases.Conclusion: 3.0T DCE-MRA features high sensitivity and accuracy in detecting and characterizing SVMs, especially SDAVF.
Protective Effects of Chicken Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on a Mouse Model of Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Wang xishuai , Song hanan , Zhao shiyu , Guan weijun , Gao yang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were an emergent tool to prevent acute lung injury (ALI) and its complications. We attempted to isolate, culture, and characterize chicken bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), investigate whether BM-MSCs protect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI, and explore the related mechanisms. Methods: Ninety-six male ICR (6 wks old) mice were divided into three groups: Con, LPS, and LPS + MSC. Mice in the LPS and Ex+LPS groups received 5 mg/kg LPS intratracheally to induce ALI. Histopathological micrographs showed morphological changes in the lung, heart, liver, kidney, and aorta. Lung permeability, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cell counts, oxidative stress parameters, and inflammatory cytokine levels in the BALF, plasma, and lung tissue were detected. Furthermore, gene expression levels for Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TRL4) and myeloid differentiation factor (Mdy88) were measured. Besides, a survival analysis was performed in sixty male ICR mice. Results: BM-MSCs administration significantly increased the survival rate and decreased the histopathological severity of LPS-induced lung, liver, kidney, and aortic injury. BM-MSC administration improved LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation, systemic inflammation, and oxidative stress injury. BM-MSC administration reduced the infiltration of neutrophils in lung, liver, kidney, and heart tissues. In addition, BM-MSC administration reduced TRL4 and Mdy88 mRNA expression in mice with ALI. Conclusions: Chicken BM-MSCs improved LPS-induced ALI and liver, kidney, heart, and aortic injury. Chicken BM-MSCs improved LPS-induced ALI, in part through TLR4/Myd88 signaling and inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress injury. BM-MSCs improved LPS-induced pulmonary fibrosis via suppressing TGF-β and MMP-9. BM-MSCs reduced neutrophil content via suppressing CXCL-1, IL-8, and TNF-α.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasound-Guided Core Needle Biopsy Versus Incisional Biopsy in Soft Tissue Sarcoma: An Institutional Experience.
Authors: Cernakova Miroslava , Hobusch Gerhard Martin , Amann Gabriele , Funovics Philipp Theodor , Windhager Reinhard , Panotopoulos Joannis 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background Core needle biopsy (CNB) is gaining in importance due to its advantages in the matter of patient morbidity, time and cost. Nevertheless, controversies still exist regarding the biopsy technique of choice for the accurate diagnosis of soft tissue sarcoma (STS). This study compared the diagnostic performance between ultrasound-guided CNB and incisional biopsy (IB), both performed by orthopedic surgeons. Questions/purposesThe aims of the study were to answer the following questions: (1) Is ultrasound-guided CNB a highly reliable modality for diagnosing STSs? (2) Is CNB equally useful to IB for identifying histologic subtype? (3) Had patients who underwent CNB a reduced risk of complications? MethodsOne-hundred and seventy-five patients who underwent resection of soft tissue sarcoma were classified into two groups according to biopsy technique prior to surgery; CNB group (n=109) and IB group (n=66). The final surgical specimens were in 62 patients liposarcoma, 39 undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS), 33 myxofibrosarcoma, 10 synovial sarcoma, 10 leiomyosarcoma and in the remaining 21 patients different soft tissue sarcoma entities. Sarcoma location of 90 patients was in the thigh, 21 in the lower leg, 22 in the upper arm and shoulder area; 10 in each the knee, gluteal and thoracic region, the residual 12 in other body areas. Results Malignancy was correctly diagnosed in 86% (94 of 109) for the CNB group and 91% (60/66) for the IB group. Correct identification rate of histologic subtype was 80% (87 of 109) in the CNB group and 82% (54 of 66) in the IB group. There were no significant differences in the correct diagnosis rates of malignancy and subtype between the two techniques. No complications were seen in the CNB group, whereas 2 patients in whom IB was performed developed pulmonary embolism and 1 patient surgical site infection. Conclusions Ultrasound-guided CNB is highly accurate and not inferior to IB in diagnosing the dignity of lesions and histologic subtype in patients with suspected STSs.
Surface dispersal, emission source and human health risk assessment of heavy metal(loid)s in an active gas field, Southern Iran
Authors: khodabakhshloo Nafise , Biswas Bhabananda , Moore Farid , Du Jianhua , Wijayawardena Ayanka , Arabzadeh Morteza 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The presence of heavy metal(loid)s in soils from anthropogenic sources such as activities related to fossil fuel processing area could pose serious threat to the ecosystem and human health. However, risk factors depend on the source, distribution and human interaction with these contaminants and therefore case specific study is needed. In this study, using a geological information system (GIS) and 63 surface soil samples, we fully assessed 190 km2 area of a developing gas region in southern Iran. Mean concentration of manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), total chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), arsenic (As) and Cadmium (Cd) was 341.24, 129.40, 32.90, 26.85, 16.56, 7.52, 0.67 and 0.63 mg kg− 1, respectively, while As, Pb, Zn and Cd surpassed the local background level. Moreover, soil pollution was also assessed by the contamination factor (CF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and ecological risk factor (Er). Accordingly, these soils were classified as moderate to heavily polluted with As and Cd and un-polluted to slightly polluted by Cu, Zn, Pb, Mn, Cr and Co. The GIS and soil collection point tracing showed that the natural gas processing and residential activities were both significant pollution sources where ingestion was the main contributor to heavy metal(loid)s uptake. Overall, the hazardous index for noncarcinogenic health impact was < 1 indicating no risk; however, children were at greater risk than the adult. Total carcinogenic risk (TCR) index from As exceeded the maximum tolerable level (1.0E-04) for children and adults. Chromium Co, Cd and Pb exposure were within the acceptable limit in the adult group (TCR < 1.0E-06), but the Pb and Cr health-hazardous indices were higher than guideline value indicating the potential of cancer risk in children. Therefore, remedial actions are required to eliminate or reduce the toxicity of As, Cr and Pb attributed to the impacted soil.
Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) Response to Nickel Stress: Bioavailability, Accumulation and Allergenicity
Authors: Roccotiello Enrica , Nicosia Elena , Pierdonà Lorenzo , Marescotti Pietro , Ciardiello Maria Antonietta , Giangrieco Ivana , Mari Adriano , Zennaro Danila , Dozza Denise , Brancucci Michele , Mariotti Mauro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Vegetables represent a major source of Ni exposure. Environmental contamination and cultural practices can increase Ni amount in tomato posing significant risk for human health. This work assesses the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) response to Ni on the agronomic yield of fruits and the related production of allergens.Two cultivars were grown in pots amended with Ni 0, 30, 60, 120, and 300 mg kg-1, respectively. XRF and ICP-MS analyses highlighted the direct increase of fruit Ni content respect to soil Ni, maintaining a stable biomass. Leaf water content increased at Ni 300 mg kg-1. Total protein content and individual allergenic components were investigated using biochemical (RP-HPLC and N-terminal amino acid sequencing) and immunological (inhibition tests of IgE binding by SPHIAa assay on the FABER® testing system) methodologies. Ni affected the fruit tissue concentration of pathogenesis-related proteins and relevant allergens (LTP, profilin, Bet v 1-like protein and TLP). This study elucidates for the first time that tomato reacts to exogenous Ni uptaking metal while changing its allergenic profiles, with potential double increasing of exposure risks for consumers. This evidence highlighted the importance of adequate choice of low-Ni tomato cultivars and practices to avoid Ni uptake by potentially contaminated matrices.