bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinearity of Magnetostrictive Torque Sensor under Varying External Magnetic Field Strength
Authors: Wilkie Jack A. , Moeller Knut 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Correctly torquing bone screws is an important factor in achieving positive patient outcomes during orthopaedic surgery. A torque-limiting smart screwdriver concept has been proposed, and ongoing work is being undertaken to model the screwing process and allow the concept to work. These models require experimental validation, so a test rig was developed. The magnetostrictive torque sensor in this test rig was affected by magnetic parts of the test rig, which offset the zero-torque point; this raised concerns over the effects on linearity, which were tested here. The torque sensor was tested against a non-magnetostrictive reference under varying external magnetic conditions. While the magnetic field offset the torque, there was no notable change in linearity under the conditions tested, and the linearity was always within the datasheet specifications. Hence, we conclude that in the context of this test rig, there were no negative effects on linearity, although under higher loading or stronger magnetic conditions, this may not hold.
EEG based emotion recognition using entropy features and Bayesian optimized random forest
Authors: Kumar Himanshu , Ganapathy Nagarajan , Puthankattil Subha D. , Swaminathan Ramakrishnan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Electroencephalography (EEG) based emotion recognition is a widely preferred technique due to its noninvasiveness. Also, frontal region-specific EEG signals have been associated with emotional processing. Feature reductionbased optimized machine learning methods can improve the automated analysis of frontal EEG signals. In this work, an attempt is made to classify emotional states using entropybased features and Bayesian optimized random forest. For this, the EEG signals of prefrontal and frontal regions (Fp1, Fp2, Fz, F3, and F4) are obtained from an online public database. The signals are decomposed into five frequency bands, namely delta (1-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha (8-13 Hz), beta (14-30 Hz), and gamma (30-45 Hz). Three entropy features, namely Dispersion Entropy (DE), Sample Entropy (SE), and Permutation Entropy (PE), are extracted and are dimensionally reduced using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Further, the reduced features are applied to the Bayesian optimized random forest for the classification. The results show that the DE in the gamma band and SE in the alpha band exhibit a statistically significant (p < 0.05) difference for classifying arousal and valence emotional states. The selected features from PCA yield an F-measure of 73.24% for arousal and 46.98% for valence emotional states. Further, the combination of all features yields a higher F-measure of 48.13% for valence emotional states. The proposed method is capable of handling multicomponent variations of frontal region-specific EEG signals. Particularly the combination of selected features could be useful to characterize arousal and valence emotional states.
eVision: Epidemic Forecasting on COVID-19
Authors: Shaghaghi Navid , Calle Andres , Kouretas George , Mirchandani Jaidev , Castillo Michael 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Vaccination is the primary strategy to prevent COVID-19 illness and hospitalization. However, supplies are scarce and due to the regional mutations of the virus, new vaccines or booster shots will need to be administered potentially regularly. Hence, the prediction of the rate of growth of COVID-19 cases is paramount to ensuring the ample supply of vaccines as well as for local, state, and federal government measures to ensure the availability of hospital beds, supplies, and staff. eVision is an epidemic forecaster aimed at combining Machine Learning (ML) - in the form of a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Recursive Neural Network (RNN) - and search engine statistics, in order to make accurate predictions about the weekly number of cases for highly communicable diseases. By providing eVision with the relative popularity of carefully selected keywords searched via Google along with the number of positive cases reported from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and/or the World Health Organization (WHO) the model can make highly accurate predictions about the trend of the outbreak by learning the relationship between the two trends. Thus, in order to predict the trend of the outbreak in a specific region, eVision is provided with a weekly count of the number of COVID-19 cases in a region along with statistics surrounding common symptom search phrases such as “loss of smell” and “loss of taste” that have been searched on Google in that region since the start of the pandemic. eVision has, for instance, been able to achieve an accuracy of %89 for predicting the trend of the COVID-19 outbreak in the United States
Evaluation of Streptococcus oralis adhesion and biofilm formation on laser-processed titanium
Authors: Doll Katharina , Veiko Vadim , Karlagina Yulia , Odintsova Galina , Heine Nils , Egorova Elena , Radaev Maxim , Chichkov Boris , Stiesch Meike 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
To prevent implant-associated infections, surface modifications need to be developed that prevent bacterial colonisation and biofilm formation. In the present study, titanium surfaces were processed by nanosecond-pulsed laser ablation to generate a variety of different structures (anatase, rutile, Osteon, as well as Osteon additionally coated with silver and clove nanoparticles). Analysis of adhesion and biofilm formation of the oral pioneer bacterium Streptococcus oralis could demonstrate antibacterial properties of anatase surfaces. For clinical translation, the effect should be enhanced by further adaption and combined with the osseointegrative Osteon structure
Curriculum Innovation in Language Teacher Education: Reflections on the PGDELT Program’s Contributions to EFL Teachers’ Continuing Professional Development
Authors: Zhang Lawrence Jun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInitial teacher preparation and teachers’ continuing professional development are two significant pillars of the teacher education enterprise. The former encompasses a wide range of teacher-education initiatives at the levels of diploma, bachelor’s degree, postgraduate diploma, and even master’s degree for teacher licensure purposes. These are widely documented in the literature. What is important is how teacher professional development contributes to bolstering the teacher-educator force, which is relatively insufficiently documented due to the very fact that different educational systems have somewhat different expectations of such programs in relation to the ideologies and theories underpinning the teacher professional development program design and curriculum offering. Taking stock of a postgraduate diploma program in English language teaching (PGDELT) for teachers’ continuing professional development with a 31-year history housed at a premier teacher education institution in Singapore, which has successfully graduated over 1, 000 English language teachers for colleges and universities in China, I intend to highlight some of its key features, as a former student and then a lecturer on the program, in order to draw implications for sustainable growth of language teacher education programs, especially those whose main purposes are to prepare teachers of English as a second or foreign language (ESL/EFL) and provide continuing professional development opportunities for such inservice teachers.
“Sick or not sick?” A mixed methods study evaluating the rapid determination of illness severity in a pediatric emergency department
Authors: O’Neill Laura B. , Bhansali Priti , Bost James E. , Chamberlain James M. , Ottolini Mary C. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Experienced physicians must rapidly identify ill pediatric patients. We evaluated the ability of an illness rating score (IRS) to predict admission to a pediatric hospital and explored the underlying clinical reasoning of the gestalt assessment of illness.

Methods
We used mixed-methods to study pediatric emergency medicine physicians at an academic children’s hospital emergency department (ED). Physicians rated patients’ illness severity with the IRS, anchored by 0 (totally well) and 10 (critically ill), and shared their rationale with concurrent think-aloud responses. The association between IRS and need for hospitalization, respiratory support, parenteral antibiotics, and resuscitative intravenous (IV) fluids were analyzed with mixed effects linear regression. Area under the curve (AUC) receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve and test characteristics at different cut-points were calculated for IRS as a predictor of admission. Think-aloud responses were qualitatively analyzed via inductive process.

Results
A total of 141 IRS were analyzed (mean 3.56, SD 2.30, range 0–9). Mean IRS were significantly higher for patients requiring admission (4.32 vs. 3.13, p<0.001), respiratory support (6.15 vs. 3.98, p = 0.033), IV fluids (4.53 vs. 3.14, p < 0.001), and parenteral antibiotics (4.68 vs. 3.32, p = 0.009). AUC for IRS as a predictor of admission was 0.635 (95% CI: 0.534–0.737). Analysis of 95 think-aloud responses yielded eight categories that describe the underlying clinical reasoning.

Conclusions
Rapid assessments as captured by the IRS differentiated pediatric patients who required admission and medical interventions. Think-aloud responses for the rationale for rapid assessments may form the basis for teaching the skill of identifying ill pediatric patients.
Dao ist das Gegenteil Gottes
Authors: Ziporyn Brook 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The term Dao originally means a Way or Course or Guide, something very close to purposive action as such – a prescribed course to attain a prescribed goal. It is precisely something that is selected out, valued, desired, kept to rather than discarded. The Daoist usage of the term “Dao” is thus an ironic usage: it is used deliberately in the opposite of its literal sense to make a point – the real way to attain value is through what we do not value, the real way is an anti-way, the real fulfilment of purpose lies in letting go of purpose. Purpose by definition excludes the purposeless. But this relationship is not symmetrical; purposelessness does not exclude purpose. On the contrary, it includes, allows, and even generates purpose. Not one purpose, however, but infinite purposes, all of which remain embedded in a larger purposelessness, but not contradicted or undermined by it. The structure of purpose is such as to either exclude or to subordinate the purposeless. But even if merely subordinated rather than excluded, purposelessness ceases tobe genuinely purposeless. It becomes instead instrumental to purpose, pervaded completely by purpose. So a monotheist cosmos is one that ultimately forecloses entirely purposelessness, and thereby also undermines all forms of inclusiveness, non-duality, and the non-personal. The relation of purpose to purposelessness is more tricky than it appears. This essay attempts a direct reconfiguring of this relation through the concept of wu-wei as effortless and purposeless action.
Heideggers Ungebrauch
Authors: Kějūn Xià 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This essay is concerned with a topic that has been widely discussed in East Asia for decades – the relationship between Martin Heidegger’s thought and Daoism. At the centre of my reflections is a motif that appears in Heidegger’s 1945 “Evening Conversation: In a Prisoner of War Camp in Russia, between a Younger and an Older Man” – a “doing that is a letting” (ein Tun, das ein Lassen ist). Starting from this, I discuss Heidegger’s approach to the Daoist “thinking of the useless” expressed in his Black Notebooks and other texts. In the development of Heidegger’s thought the “turning” (die Kehre) marks an important juncture. I propose speaking of a second or transcultural turning, which begins around 1943. For this transformation in Heidegger’s thought, what has been of outstanding importance is his preoccupation with Daoist texts, and especially his reading of the classical texts Lǎozǐ and Zhuāngzǐ. This is evident in his numerous explicit or implicit references to the Daoist classics. In 1945, in a situation of extraordinary emergency, Heidegger refers to Zhuāngzǐ’s motif of uselessness and the “necessity of the unnecessary”. This can be seen as a personal escape from responsibility, but also, importantly, as a way out of his deep entanglement with National Socialism. Although the way Heidegger proposes is arguably twisted and disturbing, its value lies in its providing a necessary perspective from which to unfold the critical potential of transcultural philosophy.
Metabolite profiling reveals complex relationship between developing xylem metabolism and intra-ring checking in Pinus radiata
Authors: Robinson Andrew , Beets Peter , Mansfield Shawn D. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Globally, there has been an increasing amount of wood harvested from younger, fast-growing trees derived from plantation forests. As a consequence, producers and industrial consumers of wood products are becoming increasingly concerned with not only growth rates, but specific wood attributes that affect processing efficiencies and final product quality. Intra-ring checking is a problem that down-grades an unacceptably high proportion of radiata pine clearwood. Methods of identifying trees prone to this undesirable behaviour have been relatively destructive and time consuming, and from a breeding perspective, to date, there is no reliable method of predicting which selected progeny will later show a propensity to check. Using 120, 7-year-old Pinus radiata clones sampled from a common site, displaying difference in the propensity to form intra-ring checks, a GC/MS-based global metabolic profiling technique was employed to demonstrate that metabolomics can be used to accurately identify the checking phenotype. Metabolic profiling coupled with statistical tests was then used to develop models with greater than 90% efficiency to predict the intra-ring checking phenotype. Moreover, an inspection of unique metabolites contributing to the models indicated that coniferin, which is often found as a storage compound in rays, is a strong indicator of intra-ring checking, and indeed those genotypes that displayed the propensity to check inherently had a greater number of ray cells per unit area.
Mihi est from Brythonic to Breton II
Authors: Rezac Milan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Middle Breton (MB) presents an anomaly of pronominal argument coding in imperative and mihi est HAVE constructions: objects can be accusative proclitics only in 1st/2nd person, while unique enclitics appear in 3rd person. Part II traces the history of object coding: Independent > enclitic coding originates in unavailability of accusative object mesoclitics in V1 imperatives by Vendryes’ Restriction in Brythonic, and nonagreement with nominative objects of mihi est in Breton-Cornish. Restriction of enclitics to 3rd person originates with mihi est in typically nonhuman nominative object possessa in Brythonic or Breton-Cornish. It spreads to imperatives through shared enclitic coding in MB, and is circumvented by the MB innovation of accusative proclitics for mesoclitics that allows 1st/2nd person even in V1, as well as the participle in the new HAVE-perfect later in MB. “Innovative” varieties of Breton transition to regular accusative objects with or without losing dative subjects of mihi est. The developments are constrained to familiar patterns of nominative/anomalous subject + accusative/nominative object case combinations, giving rise to the imperative + HAVE construction grouping of Finnish within the history of Breton.
Rates of adrenal insufficiency using a monoclonal vs. polyclonal cortisol assay
Authors: McNerney Kyle P. , Arbeláez Ana Maria 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency relies on clear cut-offs and accurate measurement of cortisol levels. Newer monoclonal antibody assays may increase the rate of diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency if traditional cortisol cut-off levels <18 mcg/dL (500 nmol/L) are applied. We aimed to determine if the rate of diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency using a 1 mcg Cosyntropin stimulation test varied with the change in cortisol assay from a polyclonal to a monoclonal antibody assay.

Methods
Cortisol levels obtained during the 1 mcg Cosyntropin stimulation test performed in the last semester of 2016 using a polyclonal antibody cortisol assay were compared to tests performed using a monoclonal antibody cortisol assay during the first semester of 2017. Cosyntropin tests included cortisol values obtained at baseline, 20 min and 30 min after IV administration of 1 mcg Cosyntropin. Peak cortisol cut-off value <18 mcg/dL was used to diagnose adrenal insufficiency.

Results
Stimulated cortisol values after 1 mcg Cosyntropin using the monoclonal assay in 2017 (n=38) were significantly lower (33%) compared to those obtained with the polyclonal assay in 2016 (n=27) (p-value <0.001). The number of passing tests with a peak cortisol value >18 mcg/dL fell from 74% in 2016 (20 out of 27 tests) to 29% in 2017 (11 out of 38 tests).

Conclusions
The change in cortisol assay substantially increased the number of patients diagnosed with adrenal insufficiency after 1 mcg Cosyntropin stimulation testing. Standardization of cortisol assays and diagnostic criteria is critical for the accurate diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency.
Polyrhythmic Arrangements: Rhythm as a Dynamic Principle in the Constitution of Environments
Authors: Pokorný Vít 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study explores the concept of rhythm and the relation of rhythm to the environment. Rhythm is not conceived of simply as a linear sequence of beats and pauses, but as a formative dynamic principle operating in all living systems. Following the rhythmanalysis of H. Levebvre and C. Regulier, phenomenological analyses of rhythm in Schutz and Richir, and a deleuzian processual approach to rhythm and milieu, this study attempts to address rhythm in terms of polyrhythmic bundles, which may be in states of eurhythmia or arrhythmia. Specifically, the study focuses on three types of polyrhythmic arrangements – individual organism, garden, and city, on which it shows several types of rhythmic formations and rhythmic principles, whose interplay or discrepancy determines the formation of distinct types of living environment.
Nano-SiO2/hydroxyethyl cellulose nanocomposite used for 210 °C sedimentation control of petroleum drilling fluid
Authors: Wang Hao , Li Ming , Wu Jie , Yan Ping , Liu Gang , Sun Kun , Mou Qiwei , Zhang Chunhua 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Cellulose derivatives are widely applied in the field of oil and gas exploration. However, this kind of natural polymers always shows poor temperature resistance due to their organic nature. To improve the temperature resistance of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), inorganic nano-SiO2 was introduced onto HEC polymer chains through the silylation coupling technique. And Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS), and thermogravimetic analysis (TGA) were used to analyze the nanocomposite. As a result, nano-SiO2 particle is chemically coupled onto hydroxyethyl cellulose molecule, and nano-SiO2/hydroxyethyl cellulose nanocomposite (RJ-HEC) shows excellent thermal stability comparing with HEC polymer. In experiment, thermal aging tests were utilized, and test results suggest that nano-SiO2/hydroxyethyl cellulose (RJ-HEC) nanocomposite can be utilized as thickening agent of water-based drilling fluid, which shows improved rheology stability at 210 °C and excellent salt (NaCl) tolerance.
Between feature mapping and thematic prominence: Old englishse-demonstratives and pronouns in discourse
Authors: Jurczyk Rafał 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOld English se-demonstratives (which usually trace less salient referents) and personal pronouns (usually continuing previous topics) have frequently been taken to share a common pronominal property (e.g. Breban 2012; Epstein 2011; van Gelderen 2013, 2011; Kiparsky 2002; Howe 1996). This assumption holds despite their non-overlapping distribution which still remains a puzzle (cf. van Gelderen 2013; Los and van Kemenade 2018). In this paper, we argue that this distributional discrepancy stems from the lack of syntactic and formal affinities between the two forms. Se-demonstratives are either dependent (introducing full DPs) or independent (usually labeled as “pronominal”), but still instances of the same lexical item. As a D-category, they necessarily license their NP complements regardless of their being lexical or empty, thereby entering into tight formal and semantic relations with their nominal antecedents. In doing so, they rely on the working of their gender- and case-features, the two carrying semantic import and mapping onto the specific reference [+ref/spec]-property in the semantic module(s). Being bundles of case- and/or φ-features, pronominals lack the complex syntactic structure of se-demonstratives. Their formal and semantic relations with nominal antecedents are thus less intimate, holding due to interpretable person- and number-features.
The effect of surfactant on the drag and wall correction factor of a drop in a bounded medium
Authors: Raturi Shweta , Kumar B. V. Rathish 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In the present article, the analytical solution for creeping motion of a drop/bubble characterized by insoluble surfactant is examined at the instant it passes the center of a spherical container filled with Newtonian fluid at low Reynolds number. The presence of surfactant characterizes the interfacial region by an axisymmetric interfacial tension gradient and coefficient of surface dilatational viscosity. Under the assumption of the small capillary number, the deformation of spherical phase interface is not taken into account. The computations not only yield information on drag force and wall correction factor, but also on interfacial velocity and flow field for different values of surface tension gradient and surface dilatational viscosity. In the limiting cases, the analytical solutions describing the drag force and wall correction factor for a drop in a bounded medium reduces to expressions previously stated by other authors in literature. The results reveal the strong influence of the surface dilatational viscosity and surface tension gradient on the motion of drop/bubble. Increasing the surface tension gradient and surface dilatational viscosity, results in linear variation of drag force. When the surface tension gradient increases, the drag force for unbounded medium increases more as compared to the bounded medium hence wall correction factor decreases with increase in surface tension gradient whereas it increases with increase in surface dilatational viscosity.