bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Testing in Professional Football: Perspectives of Key Stakeholders
Authors: McAuley Alexander B. T. , Hughes David C. , Tsaprouni Loukia G. , Varley Ian , Suraci Bruce , Roos Thomas R. , Herbert Adam J. , Kelly Adam L. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Genetic research in football is currently in it’s infancy but is growing rapidly. However, the practical application of genetic testing in football and the views concerning its use are unknown. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the current practical application of genetic testing in professional football and provide an insight into the perspectives of key stakeholders (i.e., coaches, practitioners, players).

Methods
In total, 122 participants completed an online anonymous survey. This consisted of 21 multiple choice and Likert scale questions, with the option of providing an explanation for each response.

Results
Findings revealed genetic testing is rarely utilised by key stakeholders (10%) or their respective organisations (14%). However, three quarters (75%) had the opinion that genetic testing will have great utility in the future. The majority (72%) believed genetic testing should be used for athlete development and injury risk, whilst 35% believed that genetic testing should be utilised for talent identification purposes. However, most key stakeholders viewed their own (89%) and their colleagues’ (79%) knowledge related to genetic testing as insufficient; mainly due to ineffective current communication methods (91%). Most believed educational workshops are required (71%), whilst nearly all (91%) were interested in developing their expertise on the utility of genetic testing.

Conclusion
Genetic testing is rarely used within professional football, although key stakeholders anticipate that it will be utilised more in the future. As such, educational support may prove valuable in improving key stakeholder knowledge and the practical application of genetic testing in professional football.
Vaginismus, Dyspareunia and Abuse History: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Tetik Sinan , Yalçınkaya Alkar Özden 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundGenito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder, which consists of a combination of vaginismus and dyspareunia, is considered a new diagnosis in the latest version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Although the etiology of this diagnosis is not well known, a history of abuse has been suggested to be a primary factor in the emergence of this disorder.AimThis systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the association of abuse history with vaginismus and dyspareunia diagnosis.MethodsRelated keywords were used to search articles in PubMed, PsycArticles, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Turkish scientific information database (TRDizin). All articles published in English and Turkish until August 2020 were systematically reviewed. A total of 14 case-control studies, including 1428 participants, were included in the final analysis. The fixed-effects model was used to pool odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the studies. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 statistic.OutcomesCase-control studies that reported vaginismus or dyspareunia outcomes in individuals with or without a history of abuse.RESULTSA significant relationship was found between a history of sexual (1.55 OR; 95% CI, 1.14–2.10; 12 studies) and emotional abuse (1.89 OR; 95% CI, 1.24–2.88; 3 studies) and the diagnosis of vaginismus. A significant relationship was found between sexual abuse and dyspareunia (1.53 OR; 95% CI, 1.03–2.27; 6 studies). No statistically significant relationship was observed between physical abuse, vaginismus, and dyspareunia. No significant difference was found between sexual or physical abuse in terms of assessment methods for the diagnosis of vaginismus and dyspareunia.Clinical ImplicationsThis systematic review and meta-analysis points out that in the assessment of vaginismus patients, the risk of sexual and emotional abuse and in the assessment for dyspareunia patients, the risk of sexual abuse should be questioned and addressed in its treatment.Strenght and LimitationsThe strength of the current meta-analysis is the inclusion of all forms of abuse, and studies published in Turkish and English with a broad and reproducible search strategy. The limitations of this meta-analysis are the exclusion of sources and design other than journal articles and case-control studies, including studies both childhood and adult abuse, which in some studies were not differentiated, having potential language and recall bias.CONCLUSIONThe study analysis suggests an association of vaginismus with sexual and emotional abuse and dyspareunia with sexual abuse. However, both disorders showed no association with physical abuse.
Seeking the Right to Food
Authors: Nkrumah Bright 
Published: August 2021

Despite a constitutional right to food, a comprehensive social security structure, being a net exporter of agricultural products and maintaining a rising GDP, freedom from hunger remains a pipedream for millions of South Africans. With a constant surge in food prices, the availability of sustenance is often seriously threatened for all of South Africa's population. While the underprivileged majority residing in townships often demonstrate their discontent for poor service delivery on the streets, they rarely channel this strategy into taming food inflation. This study seeks to understand this irony and examine ways in which this trend could be reversed. Proposing a compelling argument for food activism, Bright Nkrumah suggests ways of mobilising disempowered groups to reclaim this inherent right. Presented alongside historical and contemporary case studies to illustrate the dynamics of collective action and food security in South Africa, he draws from legal, social and political theory to make the case for 'activism' as a force for alleviating food insecurity. Also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
TEST FOR CHANGES IN THE MODELED SOLVENCY CAPITAL REQUIREMENT OF AN INTERNAL RISK MODEL
Authors: Gaigall Daniel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the context of the Solvency II directive, the operation of an internal risk model is a possible way for risk assessment and for the determination of the solvency capital requirement of an insurance company in the European Union. A Monte Carlo procedure is customary to generate a model output. To be compliant with the directive, validation of the internal risk model is conducted on the basis of the model output. For this purpose, we suggest a new test for checking whether there is a significant change in the modeled solvency capital requirement. Asymptotic properties of the test statistic are investigated and a bootstrap approximation is justified. A simulation study investigates the performance of the test in the finite sample case and confirms the theoretical results. The internal risk model and the application of the test is illustrated in a simplified example. The method has more general usage for inference of a broad class of law-invariant and coherent risk measures on the basis of a paired sample.
Anticipation Can Be More Common in Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia with SPAST Mutations Than It Appears
Authors: Hashemi Seyyed-Saleh , Hajati Reza , Davarzani Atefeh , Rohani Mohammad , DanaeeFard Fardad , Rahimi Bidgoli Mohammad Masoud , Fatehi Farzad , Kariminejad Ariana , Najmabadi Hossein , Nafissi Shahriar , Alavi Afagh 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT:Background and objective:Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder with lower-limb spasticity and weakness. Different patterns of inheritance have been identified in HSP. Most autosomal-dominant HSPs (AD-HSPs) are associated with mutations of the SPAST gene (SPG4), leading to a pure form of HSP with variable age-at-onset (AAO). Anticipation, an earlier onset of disease, as well as aggravation of symptoms in successive generations, may be correlated to SPG4. Herein, we suggested that anticipation might be a relatively common finding in SPG4 families.Methods:Whole-exome sequencing was done on DNA of 14 unrelated Iranian AD-HSP probands. Data were analyzed, and candidate variants were PCR-amplified and sequenced by the Sanger method, subsequently checked in family members to co-segregation analysis. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) was done for seven probands. Clinical features of the probands were recorded, and the probable anticipation was checked in these families. Other previous reported SPG4 families were investigated to anticipation.Results:Our findings showed that SPG4 was the common subtype of HSP; three families carried variants in the KIF5A, ATL1, and MFN2 genes, while five families harbored mutations in the SPAST gene. Clinical features of only SPG4 families indicated decreasing AAO in affected individuals of the successive generations, and this difference was significant (p-value <0.05).Conclusion:It seems SPAST will be the first candidate gene in families that manifests a pure form of AD-HSP and anticipation. Therefore, it may be a powerful situation of genotype–phenotype correlation. However, the underlying mechanism of anticipation in these families is not clear yet.
The Rise of the Contentious Right: Digitally Intermediated Linkage Strategies in Argentina and Brazil
Authors: Gold Tomás , Peña Alejandro M. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTThis article analyzes novel patterns of interaction between right-wing parties and protest movements during major contentious cycles in Argentina (2012–13) and Brazil (2013–16), which preceded the advent of the Cambiemos coalition in the former and the impeachment of Dilma Rousseff in the latter. Drawing on a dual process-tracing strategy and a wide range of data sources, this study shows that these interactions are central to understanding why and how right-wing parties leverage novel repertoires and resources from digital activists during contemporary protest cycles, a dynamic conceptualized as a new party linkage strategy through digital intermediation. The study traces its three-phase development in both countries, revealing how differences in institutional contexts and the strength of activist groups contributed to divergent trajectories of partisan opposition toward the end of the cycles, regarding both the subsequent reconfiguration of the right and the entry of digital activists into institutional arenas.
Social environment perception and associations with overweight in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil
Authors: Rosa Priscila Bárbara Zanini , Schuch Ilaine , Cunha Caroline Marques de Lima , Rodrigues Ylana Elias , Fanton Marcos , Canuto Raquel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe prevalence of overweight in Brazilian adults has grown in recent years. There is evidence indicating that environmental factors, especially social characteristics, may be involved in the aetiology of overweight, but few studies have investigated this association adequately. The main objective of this study was to identify residents’ perception of their social environment (social cohesion, security and violence) and assess its relationship with overweight in a central area of Porto Alegre, Brazil. The associations between socioeconomic characteristics and social environment perception were also explored. This cross-sectional study conducted in 2018–19 had 400 participants aged from 20 to 70 years living in low- and high-income areas of the city of Porto Alegre. Participants’ perception of social cohesion, security and violence were evaluated using a validated questionnaire. Participants’ body mass index (BMI) was measured, and those with a BMI ≥25 kg/m2 were considered to be overweight. Unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated through Poisson regression analysis; level of significance was 5%. The prevalence of overweight in the sample was 68.8% (95% CI 64.0–73.2). Individuals with a more positive social cohesion perception had a higher prevalence of overweight (PR 1.06; 95% CI: 1.00–1.12; p=0.02) than those with a less positive perception. Brown individuals also had a higher prevalence of overweight (PR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.02–1.15; p=0.03) than those of other skin colour/race. No association was found between overweight and perception of security or violence. Therefore, social cohesion may be an important factor in overweight and the findings highlight the importance of considering social factors, and their perceptions, when planning actions for the prevention and control of overweight in a population.
Using INTEGRATE-HTA for the assessment of videorasterstereography in idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Buchberger Barbara , Wasem Jürgen , Spiller Ljuba 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
For the assessment of videorasterstereography compared with radiography for monitoring idiopathic scoliosis, new tools given by the INTEGRATE-HTA methodology were included within the frame set by the authority. In contrast to the usual linear approach by covering the single domains' safety and efficacy, costs, and ethical, legal, socio-cultural and organizational issues (ELSOI) separately, the methodology is based on the assumption of interactions of different aspects of the domains. From the very beginning, these interactions are captured systematically using various tools and are repeatedly discussed with stakeholders.

Methods
Relevant databases were systematically searched for studies and question catalogues were processed in order to be able to search for specific aspects in orienting bibliographic research. An initial logic model was developed and successively expanded. A synoptic table showing multiple mapping of aspects to domains, a complexity checklist, and a semantic complex highlighting the socio-cultural impact of the disease were newly developed.

Results
Four diagnostic studies with high risk of bias were included. For the clinical outcome, Cobb angle standard deviations up to 8.2 degrees and average measurement differences up to 8.8 degrees were determined. These differences in measurement accuracy correspond to those observed for purely radiographic measurements in other studies. In addition to freedom from radiation as the greatest advantage, there were clear arguments in favor of videorasterstereography when considering ELSOI, for example less harm.

Conclusions
Using INTEGRATE-HTA contributes to identify interactions between domains and to significantly expand the perspective on a technology. It improves patient-centered understanding and facilitates discussions.
Strategies for Maintaining Friendship in Dementia
Authors: Genoe M. Rebecca , Fortune Darla , Whyte Colleen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAlthough friendship is vital in later life, particularly amongst people who are living with dementia, little is known about how friendships are sustained following a diagnosis. Some research suggests that, because of dementia-related stigma, friendships dissolve following diagnosis; however, other researchers have shown that friendships can persist in dementia. The purpose of this article is to explore strategies that people with dementia and their friends (i.e., those who have been friends for at least 2 years) utilize to sustain their friendships. Following a constructivist approach, we interviewed people living with dementia, friends, and family members to better understand how friendships are maintained after a diagnosis of dementia. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. An overarching theme, adapting to change, was generated. Participants adapted in several ways, including: (1) prioritizing friendship, (2) shifting ways of thinking about our friend/ship, and (3) addressing changes through practical strategies. These strategies helped maintain mutually beneficial, reciprocal friendships that were able to withstand changes that accompany a diagnosis of dementia.
Displaced peoples and the continued legacy of the Pacific War: Korean repatriation and the danger element
Authors: Caprio Mark E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe battles of the Pacific War formally ended between mid-August and early September, 1945. However, the declarations of peace and surrender ceremonies that occurred during this time did not end informal battles across the Asian continent. Renegade Japanese military personnel refused to lay down their arms and repatriate quietly to their country. Some combed the waters between Japan and Korea in search of returnees attempting to repatriate with financial and material means in excess of that which the United States military governments allowed. Others sought to disrupt the occupation process by patrolling the streets of Korean cities and engaging in illegal and often violent activities. Koreans also caused problems by joining the Japanese in their postwar adventures or by harassing Japanese preparing to return to Japan and the Korean sympathizers who attempted to help them. Reportage of such actions appeared in the G-2 Periodic Report, which kept a daily record of such actions. These documents today open windows into the chaotic situation that the postwar era brought to Japanese and Koreans. Primarily through these reports, this paper sees the postwar belligerence that continued beyond official declarations of cease fire and peace in 1945 as kindling that sparked the broader conflicts of the late 1940s, and evolved to all-out war from the summer of 1950.
What's eating North America's edible insect industry? An examination of psychological, cultural and regulatory barriers
Authors: Li Christl , Cash Sean B. , Lesnik Julie , Griffin Timothy S. , Mason Joel , Blackstone Nicole Tichenor 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAlthough research has demonstrated the positive nutritional value and environmental benefits associated with edible insect consumption, several factors challenge the growth and development of the edible insect industry for human consumption in the US and Canada. Cultural and psychological factors account for much of the aversion US and Canadian consumers display. The absence of specific regulation also constitutes a structural barrier to more widespread production and sale of edible insects. Compared to the US, the European Union has a more developed edible insect industry and has enacted legislation that removes some of the barriers. As consumer awareness of the putative health benefits of edible insects increases, more comprehensive regulations may emerge to keep pace with the growth of this industry. Overall, a multi-disciplinary approach that addresses both benefits and barriers to consumption is needed to facilitate a robust market for edible insects in the US and Canada.
The Limpopo Low‐Level Jet: Mean Climatology and Role in Water Vapor Transport
Authors: Spavins‐Hicks Zachary D. , Washington Richard , Munday Callum 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLow‐level jets (LLJs) are well established as critical features of regional climates globally. However, across sub‐Saharan Africa, LLJs have received relatively little attention, in part due to a lack of data. Utilizing high‐resolution reanalysis data, this paper develops the first climatology of a neglected feature of the southern African circulation – the Limpopo LLJ – and investigates its role in delivering water vapor to the continental interior. We demonstrate that the LLJ has a clear diurnal cycle and is a regular feature of the circulation throughout the year, forming on 80.9% of days. The pressure gradient between southern Mozambique and the continental interior acts as a first‐order control on the annual cycle of jet strength, which peaks in October, achieving average maximum windspeeds of 15.8 m.s−1 at the core. Water vapor transport follows the same clear diurnal cycle, with at least 72% occurring over 18:00–08:00, and is closely related to jet strength: On average the strongest jet events advect 1.04 × 1012 kg (1.02 × 1012 kg) more moisture each night than the weakest in October‐December (January‐March). Strong jet events are typically linked to ridging anticyclones along the east coast of South Africa and are associated with increased rainfall in central and southern Botswana and northern South Africa the following day.
Surviving Invasion: Regaining Native Fish Resilience Following Fish Invasions in a Modified Floodplain Landscape
Authors: Pingram M. A. , Collier K. J. , Williams A. K. , David B. O. , Garrett‐Walker J. , Górski K. , Özkundakci D. , Ryan E. F. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFloodplain ecosystems are focal points for human settlement, and consequently are often subjected to extensive modification and infrastructure development. Establishment of non‐native species in floodscapes presents a range of challenges when they become problematic and drive changes in native aquatic communities and ecosystems. These non‐native species are often tolerant of reduced water and habitat quality, conferring a competitive advantage over native species. The coupled effects of invasive alien species, landscape modification and floodscape hydrological control collectively reduce ecological resilience, creating feedback loops that reinforce negative effects on native fish. The regulated lower Waikato River floodplain is a New Zealand hotspot for fish introductions, with their proliferation exacerbating the effects of agricultural development, urban expansion, and flood control infrastructure. We argue that the resilience of native fish assemblages to these pressures can be improved through utilizing a series of complementary measures, including enhanced catchment management, strategic alterations to the location, design, and operation of floodplain infrastructure (e.g., gates, pumpstations, and stopbanks), habitat restoration for native fish, and targeted management of invasive species. These measures will need to consider the likely persistence of invasive alien fish, however, to limit their expansion in the face of a changing climate. Although knowledge and implementation gaps exist, tying these strands together presents an opportunity to enhance the resilience of native fisheries into the future. Key to success will be re‐thinking floodplain management to include ecosystem services, and this will require ongoing commitment and cooperation amongst all stakeholders to address knowledge gaps and enable effective implementation.
Ensemble Drought Exposure Projection for Multifactorial Interactive Effects of Climate Change and Population Dynamics: Application to the Pearl River Basin
Authors: Duan Ruixin , Huang Guohe , Zhou Xiong , Li Yongping , Tian Chuyin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWith a changing climate, drought has become a common natural disaster. In our study, population exposure to drought over the Pearl River Basin (PRB) under climate change is investigated. Drought frequency is evaluated through the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). The data needed for SPEI calculation are obtained based on the ensemble of multiple global climate model (GCM) outputs. Population exposure to drought for the future is assessed by combining drought frequency under two emission scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) with three downscaled population scenarios (SSP1, SSP2, and SSP3). Moreover, the main contribution (and their interactions) of GCM, RCP, and SSP to the sources of uncertainty on population exposure projections is explored through multilevel factorial analysis. Results indicate that the temperature and precipitation would continually increase for the future, and the increase in drought frequency is more substantial during the 2080s than in the 2050s. Meanwhile, population exposure to drought accounts for 21.60% of the total population in 1976–2005 over the PRB area. During the 2050s, it would decrease to 11.98–12.28% under RCP4.5 and 14.15–14.40% under RCP8.5, respectively. By the 2080s, population exposure would slightly reduce under RCP4.5 and increase to 28.86–29.44% under RCP8.5. GCM is the primary uncertainty source of drought exposure in the 2050s, with contribution rates of 72.41%, 57.47%, 51.10%, and 78.71% to the four responses. In comparison, by the 2080s, RCP is the primary contributing factor, with contribution rates of 53.91%, 44.92%, 64.20%, and 48.00%, respectively.