bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatigue Resistance and Failure Behavior of Penetration and Non-Penetration Laser Welded Lap Joints
Authors: Guo Xiangzhong , Liu Wei , Li Xiqing , Shi Haowen , Song Zhikun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPenetration and non-penetration lap laser welding is the joining method for assembling side facade panels of railway passenger cars, while their fatigue performances and the difference between them are not completely understood. In this study, the fatigue resistance and failure behavior of penetration 1.5+0.8-P and non-penetration 0.8+1.5-N laser welded lap joints prepared with 0.8 mm and 1.5 mm cold-rolled 301L plates were investigated. The weld beads showed a solidification microstructure of primary ferrite with good thermal cracking resistance, and their hardness was lower than that of the plates. The 1.5+0.8-P joint exhibited better fatigue resistance to low stress amplitudes, whereas the 0.8+1.5-N joint showed greater resistance to high stress amplitudes. The failure modes of 0.8+1.5-N and 1.5+0.8-P joints were 1.5 mm and 0.8 mm lower lap plate fracture, respectively, and the primary cracks were initiated at welding fusion lines on the lap surface. There were long plastic ribs on the penetration plate fracture, but not on the non-penetration plate fracture. The fatigue resistance stresses in the crack initiation area of the penetration and non-penetration plates calculated based on the mean fatigue limits are 408 MPa and 326 MPa, respectively, which can be used as reference stress for the fatigue design of the laser welded structures. The main reason for the difference in fatigue performance between the two laser welded joints was that the asymmetrical heating in the non-penetration plate thickness resulted in higher residual stress near the welding fusion line.
Association of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B antisense RNA 1 gene expression and rs2383207 variant with breast cancer risk and survival
Authors: Kattan Shahad W. , Hobani Yahya H. , Shaheen Sameerah , Mokhtar Sara H. , Hussein Mohammad H. , Toraih Eman A. , Fawzy Manal S. , Abdalla Hussein Abdelaziz 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
The expression signature of deregulated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and related genetic variants is implicated in every stage of tumorigenesis, progression, and recurrence. This study aimed to explore the association of lncRNA cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B antisense RNA 1 (CDKN2B-AS1) gene expression and the rs2383207A>G intronic variant with breast cancer (BC) risk and prognosis and to verify the molecular role and networks of this lncRNA in BC by bioinformatics gene analysis.

Methods
Serum CDKN2B-AS1 relative expression and rs2383207 genotypes were determined in 214 unrelated women (104 primary BC and 110 controls) using real-time PCR. Sixteen BC studies from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) including 8925 patients were also retrieved for validation of results.

Results
CDKN2B-AS1 serum levels were upregulated in the BC patients relative to controls. A/A genotype carriers were three times more likely to develop BC under homozygous (OR = 3.27, 95% CI 1.20–8.88, P = 0.044) and recessive (OR = 3.17, 95% CI 1.20–8.34, P = 0.013) models. G/G homozygous patients had a higher expression level [median and quartile values were 3.14 (1.52–4.25)] than A/G [1.42 (0.93–2.35)] and A/A [1.62 (1.33–2.51)] cohorts (P = 0.006). The Kaplan–Meier curve also revealed a higher mean survival duration of G/G cohorts (20.6 months) compared to their counterparts (A/A: 15.8 and A/G: 17.2 months) (P < 0.001). Consistently, BC data sets revealed better survival in cohorts with high expression levels (P = 0.003). Principal component analysis (PCA) showed a deviation of patients who had shorter survival towards A/A and A/G genotypes, multiple lesions, advanced stage, lymphovascular invasion, and HER2+ receptor staining. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) showed key genes highly enriched in BC with CDKN2B-AS1.

Conclusions
The findings support the putative role of CDKN2B-AS1 as an epigenetic marker in BC and open a new avenue for its potential use as a therapeutic molecular target in this type of cancer.
Use of sodium bicarbonate in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alshahrani Mohammed S. , Aldandan Hassan W. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a common cause of death worldwide (Neumar et al., Circulation 122:S729–S767, 2010), affecting about 300,000 persons in the USA on an annual basis; 92% of them die (Roger et al., Circulation 123:e18–e209, 2011). The existing evidence about the use of sodium bicarbonate (SB) for the treatment of cardiac arrest is controversial. We performed this study to summarize the evidence about the use of SB in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).

Methods
We searched PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, until June 2019, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies that used SB in patients with OHCA. Outcomes of interest were the rate of survival to discharge, return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), sustained ROSC, and good neurological outcomes at discharge. Odds ratio (OR) with their 95% confidence interval (CI) were pooled in a random or fixed meta-analysis model.

Results
A total of 14 studies (four RCTs and 10 observational studies) enrolling 28,412 patients were included; of them, eight studies were included in the meta-analysis. The overall pooled estimate did not favor SB or control in terms of survival rate at discharge (OR= 0.66, 95% CI [0.18, 2.44], p=0.53) and ROSC rate (OR= 1.54, 95% CI [0.38, 6.27], p=0.54), while the pooled estimate of two studies showed that SB was associated with less sustained ROSC (OR= 0.27, 95% CI [0.07, 0.98], p=0.045) and good neurological outcomes at discharge (OR= 0.12, 95% CI [0.09, 0.15], p<0.01).

Conclusion
The current evidence demonstrated that SB was not superior to the control group in terms of survival to discharge and return of spontaneous circulation. Further, SB was associated with lower rates of sustained ROSC and good neurological outcomes.
Identification and Pyramiding of QTLs for Rice Grain Size Based on Short-Wide Grain CSSL-Z563 and Fine-Mapping of qGL3–2
Authors: Liang Peixuan , Wang Hui , Zhang Qiuli , Zhou Kai , Li Miaomiao , Li Ruxiang , Xiang Siqian , Zhang Ting , Ling Yinghua , Yang Zhenglin , He Guanghua , Zhao Fangming 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) can be used to dissect complex traits, from which single-segment substitution lines (SSSLs) containing a target quantitative trait loci (QTL) can be developed, and they are thus important for functional analysis and molecular breeding.

Results
A rice line with short wide grains, CSSL-Z563, was isolated from advanced-generation backcross population (BC3F6) derived from ‘Xihui 18’ (the recipient parent) and ‘Huhan 3’ (the donor parent). Z563 carried seven segments from ‘Huhan 3’, distributed on chromosomes 3, 7, and 8, with average substitution length of 5.52 Mb. Eleven QTLs for grain size were identified using secondary F2 population of ‘Xihui 18’/Z563. The QTLs qGL3–1, qGL3–2, and qGL7 control grain length in Z563 and have additive effects to reduce grain length; qGW3–1 and qGW3–2 control grain width in Z563 and have additive effects to increase grain width. Four SSSLs, three double-segment substitution lines (D1–D3), and two triple-segment substitution lines (T1 and T2) were developed containing the target QTLs. The genetic stability of eight QTLs, including qGL3–2, qGL3–1, and qGL7, was verified by the SSSLs. D1 (containing qGL3–2 and qGL3–1), D2 (qGL3–1 and qGL7), and T1 (qGL3–2, qGL3–1, and qGL7) had positive epistatic effects on grain length, and their grain length was shorter than that of the corresponding SSSLs. The QTL qGL3–2 was fine-mapped to a 696 Kb region of chromosome 3 containing five candidate genes that differed between ‘Xihui 18’ and Z563. These results are important for functional research on qGL3–2 and molecular breeding of hybrid rice cultivars.

Conclusions
The short and wide grain of Z563 was mainly controlled by qGL3–1, qGL3–2, qGL7, qGW3–1 and qGW3–2. The major QTL qGL3–2 was fine-mapped to a 696 Kb region of chromosome 3 containing five candidate genes. Different QTLs pyramiding displayed various phenotypes. In essence, the performance after pyramiding of genes depended on the comparison between the algebraic sum of the additive and epistatic effects of QTLs in the pyramidal line and the additive effect value of the single QTL. The results lay good foundation in the functional analysis of qGL3–2 and molecular design breeding of novel hybrid rice cultivars.
An efficient ensemble method for missing value imputation in microarray gene expression data
Authors: Zhu Xinshan , Wang Jiayu , Sun Biao , Ren Chao , Yang Ting , Ding Jie 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
The genomics data analysis has been widely used to study disease genes and drug targets. However, the existence of missing values in genomics datasets poses a significant problem, which severely hinders the use of genomics data. Current imputation methods based on a single learner often explores less known genomic data information for imputation and thus causes the imputation performance loss.

Results
In this study, multiple single imputation methods are combined into an imputation method by ensemble learning. In the ensemble method, the bootstrap sampling is applied for predictions of missing values by each component method, and these predictions are weighted and summed to produce the final prediction. The optimal weights are learned from known gene data in the sense of minimizing a cost function about the imputation error. And the expression of the optimal weights is derived in closed form. Additionally, the performance of the ensemble method is analytically investigated, in terms of the sum of squared regression errors. The proposed method is simulated on several typical genomic datasets and compared with the state-of-the-art imputation methods at different noise levels, sample sizes and data missing rates. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves the improved imputation performance in terms of the imputation accuracy, robustness and generalization.

Conclusion
The ensemble method possesses the superior imputation performance since it can make use of known data information more efficiently for missing data imputation by integrating diverse imputation methods and learning the integration weights in a data-driven way.
Streamlining differential exon and 3′ UTR usage with diffUTR
Authors: Gerber Stefan , Schratt Gerhard , Germain Pierre-Luc 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Despite the importance of alternative poly-adenylation and 3′ UTR length for a variety of biological phenomena, there are limited means of detecting UTR changes from standard transcriptomic data.

Results
We present the diffUTR Bioconductor package which streamlines and improves upon differential exon usage (DEU) analyses, and leverages existing DEU tools and alternative poly-adenylation site databases to enable differential 3′ UTR usage analysis. We demonstrate the diffUTR features and show that it is more flexible and more accurate than state-of-the-art alternatives, both in simulations and in real data.

Conclusions
diffUTR enables differential 3′ UTR analysis and more generally facilitates DEU and the exploration of their results.
Phenology-mediated effects of phenotype on the probability of social polygyny and its fitness consequences in a migratory passerine
Authors: Canal David , Schlicht Lotte , Santoro Simone , Camacho Carlos , Martínez-Padilla Jesús , Potti Jaime 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhy females engage in social polygyny remains an unresolved question in species where the resources provided by males maximize female fitness. In these systems, the ability of males to access several females, as well as the willingness of females to mate with an already mated male, and the benefits of this choice, may be constrained by the socio-ecological factors experienced at the local scale. Here, we used a 19-year dataset from an individual-monitored population of pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) to establish local networks of breeding pairs. Then, we examined whether the probability of becoming socially polygynous and of mating with an already mated male (thus becoming a secondary female) is influenced by morphological and sexual traits as proxies of individual quality relative to the neighbours. We also evaluated whether social polygyny is adaptive for females by examining the effect of females’ mating status (polygamously-mated vs monogamously-mated) on direct (number of recruits in a given season) and indirect (lifetime number of fledglings produced by these recruits) fitness benefits. The phenotypic quality of individuals, by influencing their breeding asynchrony relative to their neighbours, mediated the probability of being involved in a polygynous event. Individuals in middle-age (2–3 years), with large wings and, in the case of males, with conspicuous sexual traits, started to breed earlier than their neighbours. By breeding locally early, males increased their chances of becoming polygynous, while females reduced their chances of mating with an already mated male. Our results suggest that secondary females may compensate the fitness costs, if any, of sharing a mate, since their number of descendants did not differ from monogamous females. We emphasize the need of accounting for local breeding settings (ecological, social, spatial, and temporal) and the phenotypic composition of neighbours to understand individual mating decisions.
Factors affecting the rapid changes of protein under short-term heat stress
Authors: Wu Bingjin , Qiao Jianwen , Wang Xiaoming , Liu Manshuang , Xu Shengbao , Sun Daojie 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Protein content determines the state of cells. The variation in protein abundance is crucial when organisms are in the early stages of heat stress, but the reasons affecting their changes are largely unknown.

Results
We quantified 47,535 mRNAs and 3742 proteins in the filling grains of wheat in two different thermal environments. The impact of mRNA abundance and sequence features involved in protein translation and degradation on protein expression was evaluated by regression analysis. Transcription, codon usage and amino acid frequency were the main drivers of changes in protein expression under heat stress, and their combined contribution explains 58.2 and 66.4% of the protein variation at 30 and 40 °C (20 °C as control), respectively. Transcription contributes more to alterations in protein content at 40 °C (31%) than at 30 °C (6%). Furthermore, the usage of codon AAG may be closely related to the rapid alteration of proteins under heat stress. The contributions of AAG were 24 and 13% at 30 and 40 °C, respectively.

Conclusion
In this study, we analyzed the factors affecting the changes in protein expression in the early stage of heat stress and evaluated their influence.
mRNA-Seq reveals the quorum sensing system luxS gene contributes to the environmental fitness of Streptococcus suis type 2
Authors: Li Jinpeng , Wang Yuxin , Du Yanbin , Zhang Hui , Fan Qingying , Sun Liyun , Yi Li , Wang Shaohui , Wang Yang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundStreptococcus suis type2 (SS2) is an important zoonotic pathogen. We have previously reported the structure of LuxS protein and found that theluxSgene is closely related to biofilm, virulence gene expression and drug resistance of SS2. However, the mechanism ofluxSmediated SS2 stress response is unclear. Therefore, this experiment performed stress response toluxSmutant (ΔluxS) and complement strain (CΔluxS), overexpression strain (luxS+) and wild-type SS2 strain HA9801, and analyzed the differential phenotypes in combination with transcriptome data.ResultsThe results indicate that theluxSgene deletion causes a wide range of phenotypic changes, including chain length. RNA sequencing identified 278 lx-regulated genes, of which 179 were up-regulated and 99 were down-regulated. Differential genes focus on bacterial growth, stress response, metabolic mechanisms and drug tolerance. Multiple mitotic genes were down-regulated; while the ABC transporter system genes, cobalamin /Fe3+-iron carrier ABC transporter ATPase and oxidative stress regulators were up-regulated. The inactivation of theluxSgene caused a significant reduction in the growth and survival in the acid (pH = 3.0, 4.0, 5.0) and iron (100 mM iron chelator 2,2′-dipyridyl) stress environments. However, the mutant strain ΔluxSshowed increased antioxidant activity to H2O2(58.8 mmol/L).ConclusionsTheluxSgene in SS2 appears to play roles in iron metabolism and protective responses to acidic and oxidative environmental conditions.
Successful double-layer metal stents rotational ablation under 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional optical coherence tomography guidance: a case report
Authors: Yaliang Tong , Guohui Liu , Cheng Zhang , Beibei Du , Yanan Zhao , Yuquan He , Ping Yang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundStent ablation with rotational atherectomy has been considered a bail-out strategy for the treatment of severe stent underexpansion. Only a few reports have yet shown rotational ablation for double-layer metal struts.Case presentationWe present a case of 80-year-old female patient presented to our hospital because of worsening effort angina. Coronary angiography revealed severe in-stent restenosis in the proximal left anterior descending artery. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) examinations found that severe stenosis occurred at the overlap region with 2-layer underexpanded stents and circumferential calcification beneath them. Under the guidance of 2-dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) OCT, we successfully performed percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of this lesion after adequate stent ablation, high-pressure balloon dilatation, and subsequent everolimus-eluting stent implantation. The patient recovered well uneventfully and discharged from hospital 7 days later. No restenosis occurred after 12 months.ConclusionsWe report a very rare case of in-stent restenosis due to double-layer underexpanded stents. The entire percutaneous coronary intervention procedure was performed step by step under the guidance of high-resolution OCT. Our findings highlight the specific value of 2D and 3D OCT guidance in double-layer stents rotational ablation.
A rare cause of sudden unexpected death syndrome (SUDS) in the first year of life: endomyocardial fibroelastosis (EFE) due to two compound heterozygous MYBPC3 mutations
Authors: Hartung Benno , Tank Anne , Dittmann Sven , Ritz-Timme Stefanie , Schulze-Bahr Eric 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Autopsies regularly aim to clarify the cause of death; however, relatives may directly benefit from autopsy results in the setting of heritable traits (“mortui vivos docent”).

Case presentation
A case of a sudden unexpected cardiac death of a 5.5-months-old child is presented. Autopsy and thorough postmortem cardiac examinations revealed a massively enlarged heart with endomyocardial fibroelastosis. Postmortem molecular testing (molecular autopsy) revealed an unusual combination of two biparental MYBPC3 gene mutations likely to underlie the cardiac abnormalities. Thus, the molecular autoptic findings also had consequences for the relatives of the deceased child and impact on further family planning.

Conclusions
The presented case highlights the need for clinical autopsies including cardiac examinations and postmortem molecular testing; it also paves the way for further cascade screening of family members for cardiac disease, if a distinct genetic disorder is suspected.
Relationship between body composition and the histology of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Miyake Teruki , Miyazaki Masumi , Yoshida Osamu , Kanzaki Sayaka , Nakaguchi Hironobu , Nakamura Yoshiko , Watanabe Takao , Yamamoto Yasunori , Koizumi Yohei , Tokumoto Yoshio , Hirooka Masashi , Furukawa Shinya , Takeshita Eiji , Kumagi Teru , Ikeda Yoshio , Abe Masanori , Toshimitsu Kumiko , Matsuura Bunzo , Hiasa Yoichi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Causes of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its progression include visceral fat accumulation and loss of muscle mass; however, which of the two phenomena is more critical is unclear. Therefore, we intended to examine the relationship between body composition and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression as indicated by fibrosis and the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease activity score.

Methods
This cross-sectional study comprised 149 patients (55 men; age, 20–76 years) treated for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease between December 2010 and January 2020. Body composition measurements, histological examinations of liver samples, and comprehensive blood chemistry tests were performed. The relationship between body composition and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease histology findings was analyzed using the logistic regression model.

Results
Fibrosis was significantly and inversely correlated with muscle mass and appendicular skeletal muscle mass and significantly and positively correlated with fat mass, fat mass/height squared, visceral fat area, and waist-hip ratio (P < 0.05). After adjustment for sex, blood chemistry measurements, and body composition indices, fibrosis remained associated with appendicular skeletal muscle mass, fat mass, fat mass/height squared, and visceral fat area (P < 0.05). Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease activity score ≥ 5 significantly correlated with fat mass and fat mass/height squared in a univariate but not multivariate analysis.

Conclusions
Fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, an indicator of unfavorable long-term outcomes, is associated with more indices of fat mass than of those of muscle mass. Hence, fat mass should be controlled to prevent non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression.
Successful treatment of infantile oxysterol 7α-hydroxylase deficiency with oral chenodeoxycholic acid
Authors: Tang Yun-Ping , Gong Jing-Yu , Setchell Kenneth D. R. , Zhang Wujuan , Zhao Jing , Wang Jian-She 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Deficiency of oxysterol 7α-hydroxylase, encoded by CYP7B1, is associated with fatal infantile progressive intrahepatic cholestasis and hereditary spastic paraplegia type 5. Most reported patients with CYP7B1 mutations presenting with liver disease in infancy have died of liver failure. However, it was recently reported that two patients treated with chenodeoxycholic acid survived. Correlations between the phenotype and genotype of CYP7B1 deficiency have not been clearly established.

Case presentation
A 5-month-7-day-old Chinese baby from non-consanguineous parents was referred for progressive cholestasis and prolonged prothrombin time from one month of age. Genetic testing revealed compound heterozygous mutations c.187C > T(p.R63X)/c.334C > T(p.R112X) in CYP7B1, and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry analysis of the urinary bile acid confirmed the presence of atypical hepatotoxic 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-bile acids. While awaiting liver transplantation she was orally administered chenodeoxycholic acid. Her liver function rapidly improved, urine atypical bile acids normalized, and she thrived well until the last follow-up at 23 months of age. Her 15-year-old brother, with no history of infantile cholestasis but harboring the same mutations in CYP7B1, had gait abnormality from 13 years of age. Neurological examination revealed hyper-reflexia and spasticity of the lower limbs. Brain MRI revealed enlarged perivascular space in the bilateral basal ganglia and white matter of frontal parietal.

Conclusions
In summary, these findings highlight that the phenotype of CYP7B1 deficiency varies widely, even in siblings and that early administration of chenodeoxycholic acid may improve prognosis.