bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amerikan Hukukunda Evlat Edinmeye Bir Bakış: Vermont Eyaleti Örneği
Authors: ÇAĞLAYAN AYGÜN Gözde 
Published: July 2021

Evlat edinme kurumu eski hukuk sistemlerinden günümüze kadar değişik düzenlemelere uğrayarak gelmiştir. Elbette her ülke hukuku evlat edinmeyi kabul etmemiştir. Ancak kabul eden ülke hukukları bakımından da farklılıklar içermektedir. Bu farklılıklar ülke hukuklarının birbirinden farklı sistemlerle işlemesinin de bir sonucudur.
Anglo Sakson hukukunun etkisiyle ancak ondan farklı olarak Amerikan hukukunda da evlat edinme kurumu kabul edilmiştir; bu hususta pek çok düzenleme mevcuttur. Amerikan hukuk sisteminin Kıta Avrupası hukuk sisteminden farklı olması, evlat edinme başvuru sürecinin, başvurunun değerlendirilmesinin ve evlat edinmeye karar verilmesinin daha esnek ve değişik olmasını da beraberinde getirmektedir.
Evlat edinmenin Amerikan hukukunda ortaya çıkış gerekçeleri tarihsel gelişmeleri ile önem taşımaktadır. Bugünkü düzenlemelere hangi süreçlerden geçilerek ulaşıldığı incelenmeye değer durumdadır.
Evlat edinme hem eyaletlerin yetkili kıldığı kamusal kurumlar hem de özel bazı kuruluşlar aracılığıyla gerçekleştirilmekte; hatta evlat edinme işlemine aracılık eden web siteleri bulunmaktadır. Bu husus evlat edinmenin hem ne kadar çok yönlü hem de ne kadar yaygın olduğunu gösterir niteliktedir.
Amerikan hukukunda federal devlet yapısı dolayısıyla hem federal bir düzenleme bulunmakta hem de eyaletlerin kendi kanunlarında da evlat edinmeye ilişkin düzenlemeler yer almaktadır. Eyalet hukukları farklılıklar gösterdiği için çalışmamızda federal düzenlemeyi benimseyen Vermont eyaletinin hukuki düzenlemesine yer vererek evlat edinme kurumunu inceleyeceğiz.
Geri Vermeye İlişkin Düzenlemeler Çerçevesinde Hükûmete Karşı Suçun Durumu
Authors: SÜMER Fatma 
Published: July 2021

Siyasi suçlar, doktrinde kabul gören çeşitli teoriler çerçevesinde, failin saiki ve suçla korunan hukuki değer dikkate alınarak tespit edilirler. Bu teoriler bağlamında yapılan bir değerlendirmeyle hükûmete karşı suçun bir siyasi suç olduğu görülmektedir. Siyasi suçlarda iade bakımından uygulama alanı bulan SİDAS’ın 3/1. maddesinde siyasi saikle işlenen suçlar ve bağlı siyasi suçlarda geri vermenin uygulanmayacağı düzenlenmektedir. Bununla beraber bu kuralın teamülllerle gelişen ve SİDAS’ta da yer alan bir istisnası olan Belçika kuralı, devlet başkanına karşı işlenen suçlarda geri verme kurumunun uygulanmasını gerektirmektedir.
Zamanla adi suçların siyasi saikle işlenmeleri ya da siyasi nitelikteki hukuki değerleri korumaları halinde iade kurumunun uygulanmamasının toplumda adalet duygusunu zedelediği ve cezasızlığa yol açtığı anlayışı kabul görmüş, özellikle terör suçlarında bu sebeplerle iadeden kaçınılmasının önüne geçilmesini hedefleyen düzenlemeler ihdas edilmiştir. Hükûmete karşı suçun cebirle işlenebilen bağlı hareketli bir suç olması dolayısıyla TÖDAS’ta yer alan bu çerçevedeki düzenlemeler suç tipi bakımından uygulama alanı bulabilecektir.
Analisis Fundamental, Acuan Investasi Saham Jangka Panjang
Authors: Agustina Rachma 
Published: July 2021

Investor saham pasti mengharapkan keuntungan maksimal dalam investasinya di pasar saham, baik investasi jangka panjang maupun investasi jangka pendek. Untuk membuat prediksi dari prospek keuntungan saham terdapat dua analisis yang bisa dipergunakan. Analisis Fundamental untuk investasi jangka panjang dan Analisis Teknikal untuk investasi jangka pendek. Pemahaman pentingnya kedua analisis ini merupakan bekal bagi para investor untuk bisa menganalisis, membuat prediksi kemudian menentukan saham-saham mana yang sekiranya bisa menguntungkan di saat ini maupun masa yang akan datang. Pemilihan saham-saham tersebut bisa menambah portofolio investor agar lebih menghasilkan dan mendapatkan keuntungan maksimal. Program Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat difokuskan pada penggunaan analisis fundamental bagi investor pemula, dengan memanfaatkan laporan keuangan yang sudah ada dalam web IDX.
Keywords: Analisis Fundamental, Laporan Keuangan, Investasi Jangka Panjang
Pelatihan Design Graph Mobile: Upaya Peningkatan Kreativitas Siswa dalam Pembelajaran Di Masa Pandemi
Authors: Hulaikah Mifta , Zulianto Aris , Arif Syaifudin Ahmat 
Published: July 2021

The pandemic changed the student learning process at the basic education level, from face-to-face and turned into an online system. It has resulted in one aspect of student skills, namely creativity, being not optimal developed. The mobile graphic design training program, use the pixel lab application, provides a stimulus for students to hone creativity through making designs that will be needed in doing school assignments. The method of this program is divided into three stages, situation analysis, needing analysis, and implementation. The training was attended by 30 students from MI Jatigede – Bojonegoro. The training is divided into three sessions: introduction the applications, guided practice, and self-paced assignments.
Keywords: Mobile Design Graph, Creativity, Pandemic, Basic Education Level
Analysis of follow-up changes in incidence of oral diseases in Novosibirsk schoolchildren during the preventive treatment program
Authors: Chebakova T. I. , Zagetova N. A. , Volkova E. H. , Ledovskikh O. E. 
Published: July 2021

Relevance. The Russian Federation state program „Healthcare system development”, approved on April 15, 2014, relies on the introduction of the specialist „Dental Hygienist” in the system of school dentistry service as the main executor of the preventive treatment program. Government resolution #1640 as of 26.12.2017, which is to be realized during 2018-2025, included the agency project „“Primary prevention of oral diseases among the population of the Russian Federation”. The realization of the oral disease prevention project (professional cleaning, fluoride local application, permanent molar fissure sealing) is a basic program that includes necessary steps to reduce oral disease incidence rate and caries increase in schoolchildren. Administration of oral care products (fluoride varnish, sealants) immediately after tooth eruption, i.e., during formation and mineralization of the hard dental tissues, is more relevant, than the use of these products after the mineralization is complete. Aim – to assess the effectiveness of oral disease preventive measures by the analysis of the follow-up changes in the dental status of schoolchildren.Materials and methods. 115 first-grade schoolchildren of two Novosibirsk general schools participated in the study. The schoolchildren were evenly divided into 2 groups: prevention and comparison. The parents and children of both groups were trained how to take care of the oral cavity at home. The children in both groups were examined, oral hygiene indices were determined and the teeth were treated. The preventive treatment in the first groups was administered with the following materials: fluoride varnish with innovative ingredient, tricalcium phosphate, and low fill fluoride-releasing light-cured sealant. The materials are certified and approved for use in children in the Russian Federation. The individual preventive treatment was not performed in the second group. The effectiveness of the preventive treatment was assessed by the analysis of follow-up changes in the dental status of the schoolchildren.Results. The school preventive treatment program demonstrated a significant reduction of caries increase rate – up to 31.79% in the prevention group, which forms the basis for performance optimization of the school dental office where the priority belongs to a dental hygienist.Conclusions. The results of the preventive treatment program with the participation of a pediatric dentist and a dental hygienist held in three Novosibirsk schools confirmed its high medical effectiveness.
Pembuatan Septic Tank Komunal di Desa Leppe Kec.Soropia Kab.Konawe Sulawesi Tenggara
Authors: Gerung Jumartin , Mauliyana Andi 
Published: July 2021

Permasalahan limbah yang kian memburuk di kawasan permukiman pesisir khususnya permukiman nelayan tidak dapat tertangani secara baik. Masalah penyehatan lingkungan pemukiman khususnya pada pembuangan tinja merupakan salah satu dari berbagai masalah kesehatan yang perlu mendapatkan prioritas. Dengan kondisi rumah warga Desa Leppe yang dibangun di atas permukaan laut, wajar jika yang menjadi masalah utama di wilayah ini adalah tempat pembuangan limbah rumah tangga dan tempat Buang Air Besar (BAB). Kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat untuk membuang air besar di tempat yang layak dengan alasan tidak adanya tempat, harus difasilitasi dengan pembuatan septic tank komunal. Wilayah Desa Leppe dipilih sebagai lokasi program dengan pertimbangan lokasi memadai untuk program sanitasi dan sebagian warganya menerapkan sanitasi yang sederhana. Tujuan program ini adalah meningkatkan akses sanitasi dan pemahaman warga untuk menggunakan dan memelihara sarana sanitasi (septic tank komunal dan sambungan rumah) yang dibangun, membangun sarana sanitasi untuk warga, mengurangi BAB sembarangan dan penerapan PHBS serta meningkatkan derajat kesehatan lingkungan di wilayah tersebut. Metode yang dilakukan untuk menentukan prioritas masalah dalam pengabdian ini yakni dengan menggunakan Metode CARL yang merupakan suatu teknik atau cara yang digunakan untuk menentukan prioritas suatu masalah apabila data yang tersedia adalah data kualitatif. Metode ini dilakukan dengan menentukan skor atas kriteria tertentu. Dari pengabdian yang dilakukan, berhasil dibangun septic tank komunal yang dapat dimanfaatkan dua hingga tiga rumah warga. Daerahnya yang berbeda dengan daratan membuat pembangunan septic tank komunal ini disesuaikan dengan lingkungan warga dan memastikan tinja tidak lagi mengotori lingkungan warga.
Pembuatan Septic Tank Komunal Solusi Kesehatan Bagi Masyarakat Pesisir Desa Bokori Kecamatan Soropia
Authors: Saparina Titi , Ali Leniarti 
Published: July 2021

Data yang diperoleh dari kantor Kecamatan Soropia bahwa Kepala Keluarga yang memiliki Jamban di Desa Bokori hanya berjumlah 38 KK dari total KK 85 KK yang artinya lebih dari 50% KK tidak memiliki jamban sehingga Masyarakat yang tinggal di kawasan pesisir tersebut membuang tinjanya langsung ke laut. Untuk meminimalisir dampak dari pembuangan tinja ke laut diperlukan solusi yang efektif, mudah diimplementasikan serta mudah untuk mengelola pembuangan tinja bagi masyarakat pesisir dan mengingat kondisi kawasan pesisir yang landai, berpasir dan sangat mudah terendam, diperlukan teknik khusus dalam membuat septic tank yakni penerapan Teknologi Tepat Gua berupa septic tank komunal. Permasalahan dalam kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini yaitu Masih rendahnya kesadaran dan pemahaman masyarakat tentang pentingnya buang air besar menggunakan jamban dan septic tank, masyarakat belum mengetahui manfaat penggunaan septic tank komunal sebagai salah satu solusi buang air besar secara sehat. Dan masyarakat belum mengetahui tata cara pembuatan Teknologi tepat guna berupa septic tank komunal. Adapun solusi yang dapat ditawarkan dalam kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah meningkatkan Kesadaran serta pemahaman masyarakat tentang pentingnya buang air besar menggunakan jamban dan tangki septik, memberikan pemahaman kepada masyarakat tentang dampak buang air besar sembarangan dan mengetahui septik tank komunal dapat menjadi solusi untuk mengatasi buang air besar sembarangan di daerah pesisir serta melakukan Demostrasi Plot (Demplot) Pembuatan Septik Tank Komunal.
Nephroprotective effect of novel oral sugar-reducing medicines: glyflosins
Authors: Zverev Ya. F. , Rykunova A. Ya. 
Published: July 2021

The review is devoted to the consideration of the nephroprotective effect and its mechanisms in new hypoglycemic drugs gliflozins, identified in largescale randomized placebo-controlled trials and experimental studies. It was found that inhibition of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) in the proximal tubules of the kidneys when using these drugs not only leads to a decrease in blood glucose levels, a decrease in blood pressure, body weight, and uric acid content in blood plasma but also delays the progression of chronic kidney disease, inhibiting the development of diabetic nephropathy. This beneficial effect is multifactorial. It is caused by the diuretic and natriuretic effects, a decrease in albuminuria, a decrease in glucotoxicity in the cells of the renal tubules, a hemodynamic effect on kidney function, and a direct anti-inflammatory effect. It is discussed why the use of SGLT2 inhibitors restores tubuloglomerular feedback, which is disrupted in the initial period of diabetic nephropathy and leads to hyperfiltration in the remaining nephrons. Information is provided on the restoration of impaired mitochon drial function due to the positive effect of drugs on the ionic composition of renal tubule cells. This greatly contributes to the enhancement of autophagy, the lysosome-mediated pathway of degradation and removal of damaged organelles, and normalizes intracellular homeostasis. The probable mechanism of autophagy enhancement through increased activity of energy deprivation sensors of AMPK and SIRT1 cells is considered. Possible mechanisms of development of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant action of SGLT2 inhibitors through inhibition of inflammasome activity are discussed. The question of the possible use of gliflozins in chronic kidney disease, the pathogenesis of which is not associated with diabetes mellitus, is considered.
Risk factors for progression IgA-nephropathy in children
Authors: Proskura M. V. , Petrosyan E. K. , Povilaitite P. E. , Kushnir B. L. 
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND. The course and outcomes of primary IgA nephropathy in children are variable. Early therapy for high-risk individuals can help to delay the development of end-stage renal disease.THE AIM: to analysis of risk factors for progression and outcomes in children with IgA nephropathy, taking into account clinical and morphological data at the onset and during follow-up.PATIENTS AND METHODS. A retrospective study of 75 children was carried out; the median follow-up was 28 months. The median age of onset was 9.1 years. Patients were divided into 2 groups: 1st – patients with idiopathic IgA nephropathy (n= 53), 2nd – patients with Shenlein-Henoch purpura (n = 22). The diagnosis of primary IgA nephropathy was morphologically confirmed in all patients. Nephrobiopsy data were classified according to the Oxford scale (MEST-C score). The age of onset and first-time admission, the level of proteinuria and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) at the onset, at 12 months, at the end of follow-up, mean arterial blood pressure, MEST-C score, medication before nephrobiopsy were investigated. Progression was determined as a decrease in GFR less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2. Outcomes were assessed by absence/presence of remission. We provided a search for factors influencing GFR at the end of the follow-up. Data analysis was performed using Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney, χ2, Fisher, linear regression model, binary logistic regression.RESULTS. Unlike adults, the predictive value of the MEST-C score in children has not been proven and is not associated with a decrease in GFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2. GFR at the end of follow-up was lower in the idiopathic IgA nephropathy group than in group 2. The use of multiple linear regression predicts GFR on average after 28 months of observation.RESULTS. Unlike adults, the predictive value of the MEST-C scale in children has not been proven and is not associated with a decrease in GFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2. GFR at the end of follow-up was lower in the idiopathic IgA nephropathy group. The use of multiple linear regression predicts GFR on average after 28 months of observation.CONCLUSIONS. The influence of morphological factors on the outcome and course of IgA nephropathy has not been proven. The level of GFR at the onset, mean blood pressure, and the age of the first-time admission turned out to be independent variables, which made it possible to identify children with an expected decrease in GFR less than 90 ml/min /1.73 m2 to the group of specific outpatient follow-up.
Molecular mechanisms of complications development of nephrolithiasis associated with diabetes type 2
Authors: Barinov E. F. , Grigoryan Kh. V. , Malinin Y. Yu. 
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND. Until recently there is no understanding of the clinical features and the reasons for the progression of complications of diabetes-associated nephrolithiasis (NLT) which limits the development of effective treatment for patients with this kidney pathology.THE AIM was to investigate the molecular mechanisms of hematuria and leukocyturia in the comorbidity of nephrolithiasis with type 2 diabetes. PATIENTS AND METHODS. The study analyzed the clinical, instrumental, and laboratory data of 196 patients with NLT; the study included 48 (24.5 %) patients with comorbidity of NLT with type 2 diabetes. All patients at the stage of hospitalization underwent a comprehensive clinical and laboratory examination according to the traditional scheme adopted for the diagnosis of NLT. ATP, PAF, and collagen (Sigma) agonists at EC50 concentrations causing aggregation at the 50 % level in healthy individuals were used to analyze the functional activity of platelet (PLT) receptors. PLT aggregation was assessed by the turbidimetric method using a ChronoLog analyzer (USA). RESULTS. Microhematuria occurred in 27 (56.2 %) patients and gross hematuria in 21 (43.8 %) patients out of 48 patients with type 2 diabetes-associated NLT. Microscopy of urine in patients with comorbidity of NLT revealed a greater number of erythrocytes (P = 0.014); gross hematuria (P = 0.034) and leukocyturia (р=0,003) were more common in this cohort of patients. NLT complications occurred against the background of increased reactivity of P2X receptors, PAF receptor, and GPVI receptor (p <0.001) of PLT compared with that in patients with NLT without DM. The progression of leukocyturia was accompanied by increased severity of hematuria and was manifested by increased activity of GPVI receptors (p <0.001). CONCLUSION. The influence of diabetes on the pathogenesis of NLT complications is associated with increased ischemia of kidney tissue, systemic inflammatory response, and vascular wall remodeling. The activity of P2X, PAF, and GPVI platelet receptors could be considered as a system of potential biomarkers and prognostic factors of complications in the comorbidity of NLT with type 2 diabetes.
KIM-1 level in urine with initial reduction of glomerular filtration rate in patients with various bronchial asthma variants
Authors: Mineev V. N. , Vasilieva T. S. , Smirnov A. V. , Galkina O. V. , Trofi mov V. I. 
Published: July 2021

INTRODUCTION. Previously, we postulated the common pathogenetic mechanisms in bronchial asthma (BA) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) is considered as an early biomarker of the proximal renal tubules damage. In the available literature, there is only one clinical study of KIM-1 in children BA.THE AIM of the study is to assess KIM-1 levels in different variants of BA.PATIENTS AND METHODS. The 24 BA patients were examined. Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) by CKD-EPI was calculated. The concentration of the kidney injury molecule -1 (KIM-1) in urine was determined by enzyme immunoassay. Urinary albumin was determined by the immunoturbidimetric method. VEGF-A in serum was determined by enzyme immunoassay (sandwich variant).RESULTS. In the urine of BA patients, KIM-1 was detected, and its level in patients with a non-allergic variant is significantly higher than in patients with an allergic variant of the disease. Factor analysis was carried out, the following was revealed: the KIM-1 component with a high positive factor load is associated with a key characteristic of BA such as the severity of the disease course, as well as with a high negative factor load – with a component of the glomerular filtration rate; the KIM-1 component with a high positive factor load is associated with the presence of drug intolerance in BA patients; the microalbuminuria component is negatively associated with the severity of BA disease course, as well as with the components KIM-1, VEGF-A, which seems to be associated with the use of systemic glucocorticoids in severe BA disease course; the KIM-1 component is positively associated with the VEGF-A component, which may indicate possible KIM-1 involvement in hypoxic kidney injury in BA. CONCLUSION. The obtained data suggest that in BA, first of all, in a non-allergic variant of the disease and in a severe course of BA, kidney injure is formed, detected using kidney injure molecule-1 KIM-1.
Effect of long-term consumption of a diet with a high sodium chloride content on microRNA expression in blood serum and urine of Cynomolgus Macaques
Authors: Beresneva O. N. , Parastaeva M. M. , Zaraiski M. I. , Khasun Mohamad , Kucher A. G. 
Published: July 2021

INTRODUCTION. A high intake of sodium chloride from food is associated with damage not only to the cardiovascular system but also to the kidneys. The mechanisms of the negative effects of high-salt diets on the kidneys have not been established. One of the important links in this process can be microRNAs, which can modulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. It is also not known whether soy proteins can counter the kidney remodeling associated with increased salt intake.THE AIM. To estimate the expression levels of miRNA-133 and 203 in blood serum and urine and miRNA-21 in the urine of cynomolgus macaques received diets for a long time with various table salt contents, including and not including soy proteins.MATERIALS AND METHODS. Three groups (6 individuals in each) of male cynomolgus macaques at the age of 6–8 years were studied. The first group (control) received a standard diet, the second – a diet with a high content of table salt (8 g NaCl / kg feed), the third – a diet with high salt content in combination with SUPRO 760 soy protein (200 g protein/kg feed). Blood pressure was measured in animals 12 months later. In monkey urine, the relative expression levels of miRNA-21, miRNA-133, and miRNA-203 were determined, in blood serum – the expression levels of miRNA-133 and miRNA-203.RESULTS. During the follow-up period in the control group, there were no significant changes in the studied parameters. In the groups that received high-salt diets throughout the year, blood pressure also did not change significantly. There was no change in the level of expression of miRNA-133 in the blood serum of monkeys fed a high-salt diet and a standard protein diet. However, in macaques fed a diet high in salt in combination with soy protein, the serum expression of this miRNA was significantly reduced. The expression of miRNA-203 in blood serum did not change significantly. In the control group, there were no changes in the expression of miRNA-21 in urine. In the other two samples, this parameter increased in comparison with the initial values. Both high-salt diets resulted in a significant increase in the relative level of miRNA-133 expression in urine compared to basal values. However, the increase in this indicator in the group of animals fed a high-salt diet in combination with soy isolate was significantly less than in monkeys fed only a high-salt diet. Expression of miRNA-203 in urine was significantly increased only in the group with a high content of table salt without added soy protein.CONCLUSIONS. It is possible that the effects of high-salt diets on the kidney may be mediated by epigenomic mechanisms and partially modulated by the inclusion of isolated soy proteins in the diet.