bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differenzialdiagnostik Müdigkeit
Authors: Schmid Eva C. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryIn zwei Dritteln der Fälle hat Müdigkeit mit Krankheitswert psychische Ursachen wie Depression, Angststörungen oder somatoforme Störungen. Zu klären ist unter anderem, ob die Müdigkeit Folge einer Schlafstörung ist und ob sie durch eine entsprechende Therapie, zum Beispiel verbesserte Schlafhygiene, behoben werden kann. Organisch ist die ganze Bandbreite von möglichen Ursachen zu eruieren, unter anderem kardiopulmonale Erkrankungen, Diabetes mellitus, Malassimilationssyndrome und rheumatoide Arthritis.
Tachykarde Rhythmusstörungen bei EMAH – Aspekte der katheterinterventionellen Therapie
Authors: Nürnberg Jan-Hendrik , Siebels Jürgen , Hebe Joachim 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungTachykarde Rhythmusstörungen bei Erwachsenen mit angeborenem Herzfehler (EMAH) haben
großen Einfluss auf Morbidität und Letalität dieser Patientengruppe. Sie basieren in der
Mehrzahl auf erworbenen Substraten, die eine typische Langzeitfolge des angeborenen
Herzfehlers (AHF) insbesondere nach herzchirurgischen Eingriffen darstellen. Antiarrhythmika
können akut effektiv eingesetzt werden, sind aber als langfristige Behandlungsstrategie meist
wenig verlässlich zur Unterdrückung von Tachykardierezidiven. Zusätzlich können
Kontraindikationen bestehen bei eingeschränkter Ventrikelfunktion, hämodynamischen
Rest-Fehlbelastungen, bradykardem Grundrhythmus sowie Arzneimittelnebenwirkungen. Vor diesem
Hintergrund hat sich die katheterinterventionelle Ablationsbehandlung in den beiden letzten
Jahrzehnten als Therapie der Wahl für die Mehrheit der Tachykardieformen bei EMAH mit
zunehmend hohen Erfolgs- und niedrigen Komplikationsquoten etabliert.
Combined Replacement of Aortic Valve and Ascending Aorta—A 70-Year Evolution of Surgical Techniques
Authors: Vendramin Igor , Bortolotti Uberto , De Manna Davide Nunzio , Lechiancole Andrea , Sponga Sandro , Livi Ugolino 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSimultaneous replacement of the ascending aorta and aortic valve has always been a challenging procedure. Introduction of composite conduits, through various ingenious procedures and their modifications, has changed the outlook of patients with aortic valve disease and ascending aorta pathology. In the past 70 years, progress of surgical techniques and prosthetic materials has allowed such patients to undergo radical procedures providing excellent early and long-term results in both young and elderly patients. This article aims to review the most important technical advances in the treatment of aortic valve disease and ascending aorta aneurysms recognizing the important contributions in this field.
A Case Report of Ortner's Syndrome, Cardiovocal Hoarseness—An Infrequent Entity in the Contemporary World
Authors: Pranathi Koppolu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Rheumatic fever (RF) and rheumatic valvular disease remain prevalent and are still significant health hazards in developing nations. Hoarseness of voice, although a common symptom in ENT, is a rare finding in cardiac patients. However, hoarseness of voice due to recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis is an infrequent finding secondary to mitral stenosis. This case illustrates an unusual presentation of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) in young women. This case report highlights the importance of early reporting and diagnosis of RHD-RF, being very prevalent in developing nations and yet neglected.
A method for void fraction measurement of bubble/slug flow in small channels based on contactless impedance detection
Authors: Huang Junchao , Guo Ziwei , Tang Xiao-Yu , Ji Haifeng , Wang Baoliang , Huang Zhiyao 
Published: October 2021

The flow parameter measurement of the gas–liquid two-phase flow in small channels is very crucial and challenging in both academia and industry. Conventional techniques based on radiations, optics, acoustics, or electrics most lose their superiorities in the scenario with small channels due to the spatial limitation and the online and contactless measurement requirements. In addition, the conductive characteristic of the two-phase flow is equivalent to an impedance rather than a resistance due to the existence of multi-phases. The equivalent impedance information of the two-phase flow, especially the imaginary part, is promising to provide more flowing details but has seldom been detected or analyzed. In this paper, a method for the void fraction measurement of bubble/slug flow in small channels is proposed. The method implements void fraction measurement in a contactless way, based on the acquisition of the total impedance information of the gas–liquid two-phase flow. First, a new contactless impedance detection sensor is designed, based on the simulated inductor technique and the analog phase sensitive demodulation technique, to obtain the complete equivalent impedance information of the two-phase fluid. Then, based on the flow pattern identification result, the void fraction measurement model is developed, which is a fusion of the relationships between the void fraction and the real part/the imaginary part of the equivalent impedance information, respectively. Experimental results on prototypes with different inner diameters (2.48, 3.64, and 4.52 mm, respectively) validate the effectiveness of the proposed void fraction method. The maximum void fraction measurement biases are within 5.0%.
Intensity dependence of multiply charged atomic ions from argon clusters in moderate nanosecond laser fields
Authors: Yao Yuzhong , Zhang Jie , Pandey Rahul , Wu Di , Kong Wei , Xue Lan 
Published: October 2021

We report the laser intensity dependence of multiply charged atomic ions (MCAIs) Arn+ with 2 ≤ n ≤ 8 from argon clusters in focused nanosecond laser fields at 532 nm. The laser field, in the range of 1011–1012 W/cm2, is insufficient for optical field ionization but is adequate for multiphoton ionization. The MCAI sections of the mass spectra for clusters containing 3700 and 26 000 atoms are dominated by Arn+ with 7 ≤ n ≤ 9, extending to Ar14+. While the distributions of the MCAIs remain largely constant throughout the intensity range of the laser, the abundance of Ar+ relative to the abundances of the MCAIs increases dramatically with increasing laser intensity. Consequently, exponential fittings of the yields result in a larger exponent for Ar+ than for MCAIs, and the exponents of MCAIs with 2 ≤ n ≤ 8 are similar, with only slight variations for different charge states. The width of the arrival time and, hence, the corresponding kinetic energy of Ar+ also increases with increasing laser intensities, while the width of the arrival time of MCAIs remains constant throughout the range of measurements. These results call for more detailed theoretical investigations in this regime of laser–matter interactions.
Resourcefulness of homeless young people who practise sex work in Pakistan: a qualitative study
Authors: Noor Muhammad Naveed , Bryant Joanne , de Wit John , Holt Martin 
Published: October 2021

Background Many homeless young people in Pakistan use sex work as a way to generate income, particularly if they have few other options for work. Because it is highly stigmatised, little attention has been paid to the strategies homeless young people use to practise sex work, and what this suggests about their capacities and strengths. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 29 homeless young people (aged 16–25 years) from Rawalpindi, Pakistan, including nine cisgender heterosexual men, six cisgender heterosexual women, seven cisgender gay men, and seven transgender heterosexual women. Results Participants sought memberships in street-based peer groups where financial gains were contingent on dancing and sex work. To practise their work successfully, participants learned novel skills and mobilised material resources available to them on the streets. Participants talked about how they acquired and benefitted from skills related to beautification, dancing, communication, and sexual services to achieve the necessary standards for entertainment and sex work. Access to material resources like makeup, clothes, rented rooms, mobile phones and condoms made dancing and sex work possible and safer for participants. Conclusions Participants’ improvisation with limited resources on the streets has important implications for policy and programs. Showcasing the resourcefulness and capacities of young people encourages a different way of thinking about them. This potential could be utilised in productive ways if they were given the chance to receive mainstream and technical education, better health support and access to the formal job market.
Atomistic modelling of the immiscible Fe–Bi system from a constructed bond order potential
Authors: Liang Z B , Jiang Y C , Gong X , Gong H R 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
An analytical bond-order potential (BOP) of Fe–Bi has been constructed and has been validated to have a better performance than the Fe–Bi potentials already published in the literature. Molecular dynamics simulations based on this BOP has been then conducted to investigate the ground-state properties of Bi, structural stability of the Fe–Bi binary system, and the effect of Bi on mechanical properties of BCC Fe. It is found that the present BOP could accurately predict the ground-state A7 structure of Bi and its structural parameters, and that a uniform amorphous structure of Fe100−x
Bi
x
could be formed when Bi is located in the composition range of 26 ⩽ x < 70. In addition, simulations also reveal that the addition of a very small percentage of Bi would cause a considerable decrease of tensile strength and critical strain of BCC Fe upon uniaxial tensile loading. The obtained results are in nice agreement with similar experimental observations in the literature.
Surface tension of liquids and binary mixtures from molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Pauletti Michela , Rybkin Vladimir V , Iannuzzi Marcella 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this work we assess and extend strategies for calculating surface tension of complex liquids from molecular dynamics simulations: the mechanical route and the instantaneous liquid interface (ILI) approach. The former employs the connection between stress tensor and surface tension, whereas the latter involves computation of instantaneous density field. Whereas the mechanical route is general, the ILI method involves system-dependent parameters restricting its original application to liquid water only. Here we generalize the approach to complex molecular liquids using atomic van der Waals radii. The performance of the approaches is evaluated on two liquid systems: acetonitrile and water–methanol mixture. In addition, we compare the effect of the computational models for interaction potentials based on semi-empirical electronic structure theory and classical force fields on the estimate of the surface tension within both stress tensor and ILI approaches.
Spatio-temporal analysis of collective migration in vivo by particle image velocimetry
Authors: Sampedro María F , Miño Gastón L , Galetto Carolina D , Sigot Valeria 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Collective cell migration drives the formation of complex organ systems as well as certain tumour invasions and wound healing processes. A characteristic feature of many migrating collectives is tissue-scale polarity, whereby ‘leader’ cells at the tissue edge guide ‘followers’ cells that become assembled into polarized epithelial tissues. In this study, we employed particle image velocimetry (PIV) as a tool to quantitate local dynamics underlying the migration of the posterior lateral line primordium (pLLP) in zebrafish at a short time scale. Epithelial cadherin-EGFP was the fluorescent tracer in time-lapse images for PIV analysis. At the tissue level, global speed and directionality of the primordium were extracted from spatially averaged velocity fields. Interestingly, fluctuating velocity patterns evolve at the mesoscale level, which distinguishes the pseudo-mesenchymal leading front from the epithelialized trailing edge, and superimpose to the global deceleration of the whole primordium during the separation of a protoneuromast. Local velocity fields obtained by PIV proved sensitive to estimate the migration speed and directionality of the pLLP in zebrafish, predicting protoneuromast separation at short time scales. Finally, the PIV approach may be suitable for analysing the dynamics of other in vivo models of collective migration.
RETRACTED: Research on Virtual Reality Experience Design System Based on Artificial Intelligence Technology and Mental Model
Authors: Hou Lixia 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Mental model is the development of human brain thinking. In daily life, it is expressed as the representation of surrounding objects and people in the environment, and it can also be expressed as a stable representation or image of the human brain for permanent memory. As a collection of internal factors, it helps to understand people’s motivations, thought processes, emotions, needs, etc. The mental model combined with the virtual reality system technology meets the user’s thinking mode, and the product will have an excellent user experience. This article mainly introduces the analysis and research of virtual reality experience design system based on mental model. This paper uses the analysis and research of the virtual reality experience design system based on the mental model, uses the virtual reality interactive system to design, and reasonably analyzes the feasibility of the virtual reality interface model. The human-computer interaction in virtual reality and the presentation effect of virtual scenes are the two most important aspects of virtual reality experience. The experimental results of this paper show that the analysis and research of the virtual reality experience design system based on the mental model has increased the sense of virtual reality experience by 16%. The limitations of the analysis of the virtual reality experience design system of the mental model are good for virtual reality applications. The methods and approaches of human-computer interaction are analyzed, discussed and summarized, so as to enrich the academic research results.
Heat dissipation in few-layer MoS2 and MoS2/hBN heterostructure
Authors: Arrighi Alois , del Corro Elena , Urrios Daniel Navarro , Costache Marius V , Sierra Juan F , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Garrido J A , Valenzuela Sergio O , Sotomayor Torres Clivia M , Sledzinska Marianna 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
State-of-the-art fabrication and characterisation techniques have been employed to measure the thermal conductivity of suspended, single-crystalline MoS2 and MoS2/hBN heterostructures. Two-laser Raman scattering thermometry was used combined with real time measurements of the absorbed laser power. Measurements on MoS2 layers with thicknesses of 5 and 14 nm exhibit thermal conductivity in the range between 12 Wm−1 K−1 and 24 Wm−1 K−1. Additionally, after determining the thermal conductivity of the latter MoS2 sample, an hBN flake was transferred onto it and the effective thermal conductivity of the heterostructure was subsequently measured. Remarkably, despite that the thickness of the hBN layer was less than a hal of the thickness of the MoS2 layer, the heterostructure showed an almost eight-fold increase in the thermal conductivity, being able to dissipate more than ten times the laser power without any visible sign of damage. These results are consistent with a high thermal interface conductance G between MoS2 and hBN and an efficient in-plane heat spreading driven by hBN. Indeed, we estimate G ∼ 70 MW m−2 K−1 for hBN layer thermal conductivity of 450 Wm−1 K−1 which is significantly higher than previously reported values. Our work therefore demonstrates that the insertion of hBN layers in potential MoS2-based devices holds the promise for efficient thermal management.
Study on the factors affecting the mechanical properties and recovery force of PLA/PEEK blends
Authors: Zhang Lan , Ma Suqian , Xiu Haohua , Lin Zhaohua , Zhang Zhihui 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
It has been found that PLA/PEEK blends have excellent mechanical properties and shape memory properties. In this article, the properties of PLA/PEEK blends were further studied. The mechanical properties of PLA/PEEK blends may be directly or indirectly affected by the molding temperature, molding method and heat treatment conditions. In this paper, PLA/PEEK blends were prepared under different processing conditions (molding temperature, molding method and heat treatment conditions) to evaluate the effects of different processing conditions on the mechanical properties of PLA/PEEK blends. In order to determine the lifting force of PLA/PEEK blends under different conditions, the effects of blends proportion and deformation temperature on the deformation force during the shape memory process were investigated. The experimental results show that the mechanical properties of PLA/PEEK blends can be improved by controlling the preparation conditions, and the deformation time and force can be effectively controlled by the proportion of the blends and recovery temperature.
Future sea-level rise projections for tide gauge locations in South Asia
Authors: Harrison Benjamin J , Daron Joseph D , Palmer Matthew D , Weeks Jennifer H 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Local projections of future sea-level change are important for understanding climate change risks and informing coastal management decisions. Reliable and relevant coastal risk information is especially important in South Asia, where large populations live in low-lying areas and are at risk from coastal inundation. We present a new set of local sea-level projections for selected tide gauge locations in South Asia. The projections are used to explore the drivers of spatial variations in sea-level change for South Asia over the 21st century under the RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 scenarios. Global sea-level rise for 2081–2100 is projected to be 0.39 m (0.26–0.58 m) and 0.65 m (0.47 m–0.93m) for RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 respectively. Local sea-level rise projections for the same period vary spatially over the South Asia region, with local sea-level rise in excess of projected global sea-level rise in the equatorial Indian Ocean but less than projected global sea-level rise for the northern Arabian Sea and northern Bay of Bengal. Local sea-level rise for 2081–2100 is projected to be 0.44 m (0.29–0.67 m) and 0.72 m (0.51–1.06 m) at Gan II (Maldives) under RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 respectively, whereas for Diamond Harbour (West Bengal) the corresponding changes are 0.32 m (0.19–0.51 m) and 0.57 m (0.39–0.85m). We find that the sterodynamic contribution is generally the leading driver of change at any single location, with future groundwater extraction over the sub-continent landmass the main driver of spatial variations in sea-level across the region. The new localised projections quantify and enhance understanding of future sea-level rise in South Asia, with the potential to feed into decisions for coastal planning by local communities, government, and industry.
Direct fabrication and characterization of vertically stacked Graphene/h-BN/Graphene tunnel junctions
Authors: Alzahrani Ali , Alruqi Adel , Karki Bhupendra , Kalutara Koralalage Milinda , Jasinski Jacek , Sumanasekera Gamini 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We have used a lithography free technique for the direct fabrication of vertically stacked two-dimensional (2D) material-based tunnel junctions and characterized by Raman, AFM, XPS. We fabricated Graphene/h-BN/Graphene devices by direct deposition of graphene (bottom layer), h-BN (insulating barrier) and graphene (top layer) sequentially using a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition on Si/SiO2 substrates. The thickness of the h-BN insulating layer was varied by tuning the plasma power and the deposition time. Samples were characterized by Raman, AFM, and XPS. The I-V data follows the barrier thickness dependent quantum tunneling behavior for equally doped graphene layers. The resonant tunneling behavior was observed at room temperature for oppositely doped graphene layers where hydrazine and ammonia were used for n-doping of one of the graphene layers. The resonance with negative differential conductance occurs when the band structures of the two electrodes are aligned. The doping effect of the resonant peak is observed for varying doping levels. The results are explained according to the Bardeen tunneling model.
Information and Deterrence in Shareholder Derivative Litigation
Authors: Curtis Quinn 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Shareholder derivative litigation is often critiqued as costly to firms Special litigation committees have been devised as a means to dismiss low-value lawsuits and reduce unwanted litigation. This article presents a formal model which operationalizes the most common critiques of shareholder derivative litigation including meritless suits, value-decreasing suits, and self-interested plaintiffs’ attorneys who do not internalize the costs of litigation. Within this framework, allowing even an unbiased special litigation committee with superior information about suit quality to dismiss litigation may nevertheless decrease the value of the firm because it undercuts the firm’s ability to commit ex ante to an aggressive litigation stance regarding fiduciary breaches. Whether this is the case turns on firm-specific variables, such as transparency, the risk of management distraction caused by litigation, and sensitivity to small-scale managerial malfeasance, suggesting that a private-ordering approach to derivative litigation may be desirable.
Multi-instance learning of graph neural networks for aqueous pKa prediction
Authors: Xiong Jiacheng , Li Zhaojun , Wang Guangchao , Fu Zunyun , Zhong Feisheng , Xu Tingyang , Liu Xiaomeng , Huang Ziming , Liu Xiaohong , Chen Kaixian , Jiang Hualiang , Zheng Mingyue 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Motivation
The acid dissociation constant (pKa) is a critical parameter to reflect the ionization ability of chemical compounds and is widely applied in a variety of industries. However, the experimental determination of pKa is intricate and time-consuming, especially for the exact determination of micro-pKa information at the atomic level. Hence, a fast and accurate prediction of pKa values of chemical compounds is of broad interest.

Results
Here, we compiled a large-scale pKa dataset containing 16 595 compounds with 17 489 pKa values. Based on this dataset, a novel pKa prediction model, named Graph-pKa, was established using graph neural networks. Graph-pKa performed well on the prediction of macro-pKa values, with a mean absolute error around 0.55 and a coefficient of determination around 0.92 on the test dataset. Furthermore, combining multi-instance learning, Graph-pKa was also able to automatically deconvolute the predicted macro-pKa into discrete micro-pKa values.

Availability and implementation
The Graph-pKa model is now freely accessible via a web-based interface (https://pka.simm.ac.cn/).

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.