bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of diagnostic stability in brief psychotic disorders: Findings from a 3‐year longitudinal study
Authors: López‐Díaz Álvaro , Ayesa‐Arriola Rosa , Ortíz‐García de la Foz Víctor , Suárez‐Pinilla Paula , Ramírez‐Bonilla María Luz , Vázquez‐Bourgon Javier , Ruiz‐Veguilla Miguel , Crespo‐Facorro Benedicto 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionBrief psychotic disorder (BPD) is a relatively uncommon and underexplored psychotic condition. Even though BPD has been related to a more favorable outcome than other schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD), current knowledge of its predictive factors remains scant. This study aimed to examine its prevalence and find early predictors of BPD diagnostic stability.MethodsSSD diagnosis following Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‐IV) criteria was explored in a large epidemiological cohort (n = 569) of non‐affective first‐episode psychosis (FEP) patients enrolled in a three‐year longitudinal intervention program (PAFIP). Premorbid, sociodemographic, and clinical information was collected to characterize BPD patients and determine factors predictive of diagnostic stability. Multivariate analysis included predictors selected from clinical knowledge and also those that had achieved marginal significance (p ≤ 0.1) in univariate analysis.ResultsA total of 59 patients enrolled in the PAFIP program (10.4% of the whole cohort) met DSM‐IV criteria for BPD, of whom 40 completed the three‐year follow‐up. The temporal stability of BPD in our sample was as high as 40% (n = 16). Transition from BPD to schizophrenia occurred in 37% (n = 15) of patients. Fewer hallucinations at baseline and better insight independently significantly predicted BPD diagnostic stability over time.ConclusionOur findings confirm that BPD is a clinical condition with moderate‐to‐low temporal stability and demonstrate that approximately two‐thirds of FEP individuals experiencing BPD will develop a long‐lasting psychotic disorder during follow‐up, mainly schizophrenia.
Dislocating Urban Theory: Learning with Food‐Vending Practices in Colombo and Delhi
Authors: Palat Narayanan Nipesh 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUrban theory, produced in North Atlantic centres, has been perpetrated as universal and recent urban studies have pointed to the limits of this theory, calling for a Southern turn. The Southern call is to dislocate the concentration of power and knowledge in the metropolis. Owing to this concentration, concerns of the metropolis often become (or are made to become) concerns of the periphery. Taking informality as a practice, not embedded in people (marginalised) or places (settlements), I will outline how the study of informality has assured the lineage of metropolitan concerns. Moving away from informal‐formal dichotomy, the paper mobilises informal‐urban dialectic to identify and dislocate the metropolitan concerns of urban theory. Discussing empirical cases from Delhi and Colombo, I build a narrative of academic theorisation of informality and juxtapose it with everyday narrative of its practitioners (food vendors), arguing towards the need for a plural and radically non‐global knowledge production politics.
A comparative study of various prism adaptation forms in the surgical management of esophoria
Authors: Pichler Ulrike , Schmidbauer Elke , Hermann Philipp , Wagner Helga , Bolz Matthias , Mursch‐Edlmayr Anna Sophie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the outcome in participants who underwent surgery for esophoria following one of three different methods of preoperative prism adaptation test (PAT).MethodsThis prospective, multicentre study was carried out at five eye departments from 2012 to 2019. 116 participants were included and allocated to three groups as per investigator choice: Group 1 (n = 55) had a short prism adaptation period ranging from 1 to 5 hours during their visit at the clinic. Group 2 (n = 36) underwent partial prism correction for at least 4 weeks before surgery. Group 3 (n = 25) underwent full prism correction for at least 4 weeks before surgery. Motoric success was determined by postoperative angle of deviation (AOD), and sensoric success was evaluated with Lang and Bagolini striated lens test.ResultsA significant increase (p < 0.001) in AOD after PAT was observed in all groups, with no significant difference between groups (distance: p = 0.22; near: p = 0.31). Motoric and sensoric success was comparable between groups 3 months (p = 0.52; p = 0.55) and 1 year (p = 0.53; p = 0.29) after surgery. Prolonged prism adaptation (n = 24) for more than 365 days was not associated with better results.ConclusionOur study indicates that the postoperative result is independent from the duration and amount (partial or full correction) of prism adaptation before surgery at least up to one year of follow‐up. Prolonged prism adaptation (>365 days) before surgery does not improve the results.
Character strengths intervention for nurturing well‐being among Pakistan's university students: A mixed‐method study
Authors: Green Zane Asher 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA strengths intervention, The Good Life, was developed for this study to augment Pakistani university students' PERMA‐oriented well‐being. The intervention strategy focused on all 24 strengths, observing strengths in others, and developing the lesser strengths based on the dominant ones. Intervention best practices from positive, vocational, and educational psychology were also implemented to support greater learning capabilities among participants. Additionally, fidelity to training was observed to ensure intervention integrity. In this three‐wave longitudinal study, participants were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 91) and a wait‐list/no‐treatment control group (n = 91). Quantitative results revealed that the experimental group reported greater well‐being than the control group immediately after the intervention and 6 months later. Qualitative findings shed light on the character strengths demonstrated by the experimental group to build each PERMA dimension during Time 2 and Time 3. Findings also provided insights into how the experimental group experienced well‐being during Time 2 and Time 3. Together, the quantitative and qualitative findings provide encouraging evidence regarding the long‐term efficacy of the intervention in Pakistan's collective society. Implications for offering future strengths interventions amid the COVID‐19 pandemic and recommendations for improving the Good Life intervention are also discussed.
Resilience and its inter‐relationship with symptomatology, illness course, psychosocial functioning, and mediational roles in schizophrenia: A systematic review
Authors: Yeo Jerry Jay , Chew Qian Hui , Sim Kang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundSchizophrenia is a major psychiatric disorder which poses substantial illness burden on affected individuals. In view of the need to better understand the growing literature on resilience (adaptation in the face of adversity) and its clinical correlates to inform and optimize clinical management in schizophrenia, we sought to summarize the extant literature which examined the inter‐relationships between resilience and demographic features, phenomenology, illness course, psychosocial functioning, and its mediational role among relevant factors.MethodsA systematic review was conducted on published empirical studies examining the topic of resilience and clinical correlates within schizophrenia spectrum conditions up until December 2020.ResultsHigher level of resilience was associated with lower severity of specific symptomatology including positive, negative, depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, cognitive deficits, and better insight. Moreover, higher resilience was significantly associated with different aspects of illness course (such as shorter duration of untreated psychosis, longer duration of illness, improved symptom remission and recovery), internal factors (such as lower stigma, better self‐esteem), and psychosocial functioning (better overall, real‐life, social and interpersonal functioning, better quality of life). Resilience also acts as a mediator in pathways leading to depression, functioning, and quality of life within schizophrenia spectrum conditions.DiscussionViewed within the context of various resiliency models (compensatory, challenge, protective factor models), suggestions were made to enhance resilience and balance risk versus protective factors in order to improve disease management. Future research should seek to better elucidate associated biomarkers, inter‐relationships with carer resilience, and evaluate the efficacy of suitable resilience‐targeted interventions in schizophrenia.
Effects of arousal reappraisal on the anxiety responses to stress: Breaking the cycle of negative arousal intensity and arousal interpretation
Authors: Ginty Annie T. , Oosterhoff Benjamin J. , Young Danielle A. , Williams Sarah E. 
Published: August 2021

Arousal reappraisal has been shown to be an effective strategy during stress to improve anxiety. However, the exact psychological mechanism through which arousal reappraisal improves anxiety is unknown. In a large, cross‐sectional study (Study 1, N = 455) participants engaged in an acute psychological stress task and rated their levels of physiological arousal, cognitive anxiety, and somatic anxiety, and whether they perceived this physiological arousal, cognitive anxiety, and somatic anxiety as helpful or hurtful (i.e., interpretation). Structural equation models supported a previously hypothesized model demonstrating that higher levels of physiological arousal were interpreted more negatively and this negative interpretation was associated with higher levels of anxiety intensity and more negative interpretations of anxiety. In an independent sample (Study 2, N = 155), participants were randomly assigned to an arousal reappraisal intervention or control condition prior to engaging in the psychological stress task. Results indicated that arousal reappraisal resulted in more positive interpretations of physiological arousal and anxiety. Results also supported a previously hypothesized model demonstrating that arousal reappraisal ‘broke’ the connection between physiological arousal intensity and physiological arousal interpretation. The present studies suggest that arousal reappraisal could possibly be acting through improving interpretations of physiological arousal symptoms.
Real‐world safety of nivolumab in patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer in Japan: Postmarketing surveillance
Authors: Yamamoto Nobuyuki , Nakanishi Yoichi , Gemma Akihiko , Nakagawa Kazuhiko , Sakamoto Takahiko , Akamatsu Ayumi , Ohe Yuichiro 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPostmarketing surveillance of Japanese patients with unresectable, previously treated, advanced or recurrent non‐small‐cell lung cancer treated with nivolumab was undertaken during the conditional approval period. The study aim was to evaluate the occurrence of treatment‐related adverse events of nivolumab in the real world. Patients were registered between December 2015 and March 2016 at 536 sites. Nivolumab was given intravenously (3 mg/kg every 2 weeks); the observation period was 12 months after the first dose of nivolumab. Patients were evaluated for safety (n = 3601; 18.2% ≥75 years, 22.4% ECOG performance status ≥2) and effectiveness (n = 3570). The frequencies of any grade and grade 3 or higher treatment‐related adverse events were 47.1% and 15.9%, respectively. The most frequent treatment‐related adverse events (any grade) were interstitial lung disease (6.4%), hypothyroidism (5.7%), and diarrhea (4.4%). Treatment‐related adverse events of special interest (priority items) occurring at a frequency of 5% or more were adverse events related to interstitial lung disease, thyroid dysfunction, liver dysfunction, colitis/severe diarrhea, infusion reaction, and infusion reaction within 24 hours. Significant risk factors for these priority items were identified by competing risk analysis: interstitial lung disease (previous/comorbid interstitial lung disease, abnormal findings on chest imaging, and smoking history); liver dysfunction (previous/comorbid liver disease, smoking history, and metastasis); thyroid dysfunction (previous/comorbid thyroid disease and performance status); and colitis/severe diarrhea (treatment line 2 vs ≥3). The 12‐month survival rate was 40.7%. In conclusion, the safety profile of nivolumab in this postmarketing surveillance was similar to that in clinical trials, and no new safety signals were identified. The study was registered with the Japan Pharmaceutical Information Center (clinicaltrials.jp: Japic‐163271).
Paediatric patients with Cushing disease and negative pituitary MRI have a higher risk of nonremission after transsphenoidal surgery
Authors: Tatsi Christina , Bompou Maria E. , Flippo Chelsi , Keil Meg , Chittiboina Prashant , Stratakis Constantine A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveDiagnostic workup of Cushing disease (CD) involves imaging evaluation of the pituitary gland, but in many patients no tumour is visualised. The aim of this study is to describe the association of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings with the postoperative course of paediatric and adolescent patients with CD.PatientsPatients with a diagnosis of CD at less than 21 years of age with MRI evaluation of the pituitary before first transsphenoidal surgery were included.MeasurementsClinical, imaging and biochemical data were analysed.ResultsOne hundred and eighty‐six patients with paediatric or adolescent‐onset CD were included in the study. Of all patients, 127 (68.3%) had MRI findings consistent with pituitary adenoma, while the remaining had negative or inconclusive MRI. Patients with negative MRI were younger in age and had lower morning cortisol and adrenocorticotropin levels. Of 181 patients with data on postoperative course, patients with negative MRI had higher odds of not achieving remission after the first surgery (odds ratio = 2.6, 95% confidence intervals [CIs] = 1.1–6.0) compared to those with positive MRI. In patients with remission after first transsphenoidal surgery, long‐term recurrence risk was not associated with the detection of a pituitary adenoma in the preoperative MRI (hazard risk = 2.1, 95% CI = 0.7–5.8).ConclusionsUp to one‐third of paediatric and adolescent patients with CD do not have a pituitary tumour visualised in MRI. A negative MRI is associated with higher odds of nonremission after surgery; however, if remission is achieved, long‐term risk for recurrence is not associated with the preoperative MRI findings.
The role of visits and parent–child relationship quality in promoting positive outcomes for children of incarcerated parents
Authors: Kremer Kristen P. , Christensen Kirsten M. , Stump Kathryn N. , Stelter Rebecca L. , Kupersmidt Janis B. , Rhodes Jean E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the current study, we sought to determine the effects of parent visits on a range of psychological outcomes among children of incarcerated parents. Drawing on data from the Mentoring Children of Incarcerated Parents Enhancement Demonstration Project, a recent, large‐scale evaluation of mentoring programme practices, we hypothesized that ongoing contact would lead to an improved parent–child relationship which, in turn, would promote a range of psychosocial outcomes in children. Results of a structural equation model (n = 228) revealed a significant positive association between child's frequency of visits with their incarcerated parent and child–parent relationship quality, which in turn, was significantly associated with the child's life purpose and depression/loneliness. Findings from the current study shed light on the importance of children's visits with their incarcerated parent for later psychological outcomes.
Efficacy of personal pharmacogenomic testing as an educational tool in the pharmacy curriculum: A nonblinded, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Grace Chloe , Larriva Marti M. , Steiner Heidi E. , Marupuru Srujitha , Campbell Patrick J. , Patterson Hayley , Cropp Cheryl D. , Quinn Dorothy , Klimecki Walter , Nix David E. , Warholak Terri , Karnes Jason H. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPersonal genomic educational testing (PGET) has been suggested as a strategy to improve student learning for pharmacogenomics (PGx), but no randomized studies have evaluated PGET’s educational benefit. We investigated the effect of PGET on student knowledge, comfort, and attitudes related to PGx in a nonblinded, randomized controlled trial. Consenting participants were randomized to receive PGET or no PGET (NPGET) during 4 subsequent years of a PGx course. All participants completed a pre‐survey and post‐survey designed to assess (1) PGx knowledge, (2) comfort with PGx patient education and clinical skills, and (3) attitudes toward PGx. Instructors were blinded to PGET assignment. The Wilcoxon Rank Sum test was used to compare pre‐survey and post‐survey PGx knowledge, comfort, and attitudes. No differences in baseline characteristics were observed between PGET (n = 117) and NPGET (n = 116) participants. Among all participants, significant improvement was observed in PGx knowledge (mean 57% vs. 39% correct responses; p < 0.001) with similar results for student comfort and attitudes. Change in pre/post‐PGx knowledge, comfort, and attitudes were not significantly different between PGET and NPGET groups (mean 19.5% vs. 16.7% knowledge improvement, respectively; p = 0.41). Similar results were observed for PGET participants carrying a highly actionable PGx variant versus PGET participants without an actionable variant. Significant improvement in Likert scale responses were observed in PGET versus NPGET for questions that assessed student engagement (p = 0.020) and reinforcement of course concepts (p = 0.006). Although some evidence of improved engagement and participation was observed, the results of this study suggest that PGET does not directly improve student PGx knowledge, comfort, and attitudes.
A novel application of the Lego® Serious Play® methodology in mental health research: Understanding service users' experiences of the 0‐19 mental health model in the United Kingdom
Authors: Vusio Frane , Thompson Andrew , Birchwood Max 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimThe 0‐19 model is an example of a service that has been retransformed in line with UK's recent policies. However, there is limited qualitative research exploring young people's experiences with the accessibility and acceptability of retransformed models through more participatory qualitative approaches. This study aimed to understand service users' experiences of accessibility and acceptability with the 0‐19 model and its service provision. In addition, we also aim to outline the process and application of the Lego® Serious Play® methodology to the context of children and young people's mental health research and reflect on the usefulness of this novel approach and its potential for further research use.MethodsA qualitative methodology based on the Lego® Serious Play® approach was used to investigate service users' perceptions of the accessibility and acceptability of the 0‐19 model. This novel approach is viewed as a facilitator of engagement, which also stimulates critical thinking and reflective practice. All interviews were thematically analysed.ResultsSeven participants constructed 14 models and provided metaphorical narratives for them besides engaging in group discussions. Thematic analysis of the participants' models and narratives resulted in six identified themes: accessibility, doors into the unknown, let it out, overcoming obstacles, less is sometimes better and satisfaction with the 0‐19 model and its provision.ConclusionParticipants in this study perceived the 0‐19 model as acceptable and, to a degree, accessible. Participants identified a range of barriers to accessibility, such as inconvenient locations, long waiting and inflexible working times.
Aridity and geochemical drivers of soil micronutrient and contaminant availability in European drylands
Authors: Moreno‐Jiménez Eduardo , Orgiazzi Alberto , Jones Arwyn , Saiz Hugo , Aceña‐Heras Sara , Plaza César 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDryland soils provide different societal and environmental services, such as food supply and biodiversity support. In Europe, most of the dryland areas are devoted to agriculture. In the next decades, both European and worldwide drylands are expected to suffer with increased intensity due to the expected climate change‐derived rise in aridity. Many studies have focussed on aridity‐induced changes in major nutrients in drylands, but little is known of the impact of environmental and biogeochemical factors on micronutrients with critical roles in life, and as inorganic contaminants with ecotoxicological implications. We analysed and explored drivers of total and available concentrations of micronutrients (Co, Cu, Fe, Mo, Mn, Ni and Zn) and contaminants (As, Cd and Pb) in 148 soil samples collected from European drylands covering a wide range of aridity and of other geochemical parameters. The availability of micronutrients increased with their total content, decreased with pH and was enhanced by organic C content. Aridity decreased the availability of Fe, a key element in human diet. Our findings also highlight the scarcity of this micronutrient in European drylands, as well as of some other important micronutrients like Zn and Mo in agricultural soils. Total content was the main driver of the availability of Cd and Pb, and organic matter exerted synergistic effects on contaminant release. Our data show the need for precise management practices to be incentivised by agricultural and environmental policies in order to ensure micronutrient supply and avoid contamination, thus maintaining adequate levels of agricultural productivity and simultaneously preserving dryland ecosystems.Highlights
Drylands are important for food production in Europe and sensitive to climate change.
The occurrence of metals in European Union dry soils and the drivers influencing them were studied.
Some micronutrients (Fe, Mo and Zn) were scarce while contaminants were abundant.
SOC, pH and clays were the main drivers of element availability; aridity reduced Fe.
Agricultural practises are needed to ensure nutrient supply and prevent contamination.