bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visible Light‐Driven Molecular Switches and Motors: Recent Developments and Applications
Authors: Wang Hao , Bisoyi Hari Krishna , Zhang Xinfang , Hassan Fathy , Li Quan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInspired by human vision, a diverse range of light‐driven molecular switches and motors have been developed for fundamental understanding and application in material science and biology. Recently, the design and synthesis of visible light‐driven molecular switches and motors have been actively pursued. This emerging trend is partly motivated to avoid the harmful effects of ultraviolet light, which was necessary to drive the classical molecular switches and motors at least in one direction, impeding their employment in biomedical and photopharmacology applications. Moreover, visible light‐driven molecular switches and motors are demonstrated to enable benign optical materials for advanced photonic devices. Therefore, during the past several years, visible light‐driven molecular switches based on azobenzene derivatives, diarylethenes, 1,2‐dicyanodithienylethenes, hemithioindigo derivatives, iminothioindoxyls, donor‐acceptor Stenhouse adducts, and overcrowded alkene based molecular motors have been judiciously designed, synthesized, and used in the development of functional materials and systems for a wide range of applications. In this Review, we present the recent developments toward the design of visible light‐driven molecular switches and motors, with their applications in the fabrication of functional materials and systems in material science, bioscience, pharmacology, etc. The visible light‐driven molecular switches and motors realized so far undoubtedly widen the scope of these interesting compounds for technological and biological applications. We hope this Review article could provide additional impetus and inspire further research interests for future exploration of visible light‐driven advanced materials, systems, and devices.
211At and 125I‐Labeling of (Hetero)Aryliodonium Ylides: Astatine Wins Again
Authors: Maingueneau Clémence , Berdal Marion , Eychenne Romain , Gaschet Joëlle , Chérel Michel , Gestin Jean‐François , Guérard François 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDespite the growing interest in radioiodine and 211At‐labeled radiopharmaceuticals, the search for radiolabeling reactions has been somewhat neglected, resulting in a limited number of available radiosynthetic strategies. Herein we report a comparative study of nucleophilic 125I and 211At‐labeling of aryliodonium ylides. Whereas radioiodination efficiency was low, 211At‐labeling performed efficiently on a broad scope of precursors. The most activated aryliodonium ylides led rapidly to quantitative reactions at room temperature in acetonitrile. For deactivated precursors, heating up to 90 °C in glyme and addition of 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO) as radical scavenger appeared essential to avoid precursor degradation and to achieve high radiochemical yields and molar activity. The approach was applied successfully to the preparation of 4‐[211At]astatophenylalanine (4‐APA), an amino acid derivative increasingly studied as radiotherapeutic drug for cancers. This validated aryliodonium ylides as a valuable tool for nucleophilic 211At‐labeling and will complement the short but now growing list of available astatination reactions.
Heteropolymetallic Architectures as Snapshots of Transmetallation Processes at Different Degrees of Transfer
Authors: Campillo David , Escudero Daniel , Baya Miguel , Martín Antonio 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNovel heteropolymetallic architectures have been built by integrating Pd, Au and Ag systems. The dinuclear [(CNC)(PPh3)Pd‐G11M(PPh3)](ClO4) (G11M=Au (3), Ag (4); CNC=2,6‐diphenylpyridinate) and trinuclear [{(CNC)(PPh3)Pd}2G11M](ClO4) (G11M=Au (6), Ag (5)) complexes have been accessed or isolated. Structural and DFT characterization unveil striking interactions of one of the aryl groups of the CNC ligand(s) with the G11M center, suggesting these complexes constitute models of transmetallation processes. Further analyses allow to qualitatively order the degree of transfer, proving that Au promotes the highest one and also that Pd systems favor higher degrees than Pt. Consistently, Energy Decomposition Analysis calculations show that the interaction energies follow the order Pd−Au > Pt−Au > Pd−Ag > Pt−Ag. All these results offer potentially useful ideas for the design of bimetallic catalytic systems.
Recent Developments of n‐Type Organic Thermoelectric Materials: Influence of Structure Modification on Molecule Arrangement and Solution Processing
Authors: Wang Jing , Liu Liang , Wu Feiyan , Liu Zuoji , Fan Zhiping , Chen Lie , Chen Yiwang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOrganic semiconductor (OSCs) thermoelectric materials have been studied widely due to their low thermal conductivity and solution processing characteristics. Currently, the high conductivity (up to 1000 s cm−1) has boosted the performance of p‐type organic thermoelectric materials substantially. In contrast, the development of n‐type organic thermoelectric materials is still limited by their low mobility, inferior air stability, and poor doping efficiency, which is relevant to the molecule structure and dopant dispersion. Herein, the recent development of n‐type organic thermoelectric materials was reviewed with an emphasis on molecule structure modification and solution processing. Methods for optimizing conjugate structure were summarized from the effects of conjugated backbone modification and side chains diversification on molecular stacking. The primary n‐type dopants were also summarized briefly. Especially, the role of solution aggregation controlling on film preparation and properties was given special attention. Additionally, the emergence of organic diradicals with low lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level and no doping was introduced, which shows great potential in n‐type organic thermoelectric materials. All these endeavors have led to the development of n‐type OSCs materials. This Review is aimed at illustrating the state‐of‐the‐art progress and providing some guideline for the design of organic thermoelectric materials in the future.
Exploiting Novel Unfused‐Ring Acceptor for Efficient Organic Solar Cells with Record Open‐Circuit Voltage and Fill Factor
Authors: Liu Zuoji , Mao Qilong , Wang Jing , Wu Feiyan , Zhou Dan , Cheng Yujun , Huang Shaorong , Huang Bin , Yang Changduk , Chen Lie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUnfused‐ring acceptors (UFAs) show bright application prospects in organic solar cells (OSCs) thanks to their easy synthesis, low cost, and good device performance. The selection of central‐core building block and suitable side chain are the key factors to achieve high‐performance UFAs. Current tremendous endeavors for the development of UFAs mainly concentrate on obtaining higher short‐circuit current density (Jsc), albeit accompanied by low open‐circuit voltage (Voc) and modest fill factor (FF). Herein, two novel A−D−A′−D−A type UFAs (BTCD‐IC and BTCD‐2FIC), which have the same new electron‐withdrawing central‐core dithieno[3′,2′:3,4;2′′,3′′:5,6]‐benzo[1,2‐c][1,2,5]thiadia‐zole (DTBT) and cyclopentadithiophene unit (CPDT, substituted by 2‐butyl‐1‐octyl alkyl chain) coupling with different terminals, were designed and synthesized. Two UFAs showed strong and broad light absorption in the wavelength range of 300–850 nm owing to the strong intramolecular charge transfer effect favorable by DTBT core. Compared with BTCD‐IC, BTCD‐2FIC with F‐containing terminal group exhibited higher molar extinction coefficient, lower energy level, higher charge mobility, stronger crystallinity, more ordered molecular stacking, and better film morphology. As a result, when blended with donor polymer PBDB‐T (poly[(2,6‐(4,8‐bis(5‐(2‐ethylhexyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene)‐co‐(1,3‐di(5‐thiophene‐2‐yl)‐5,7‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)benzo[1,2‐c:4,5‐c′]‐dithiophene‐4,8‐dione)]), the BTCD‐2FIC‐based OSC achieved a superior power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.32 %, with a high Voc of 0.85 V, a Jsc of 18.24 mA cm−2, and a FF of 73 %, than BTCD‐IC‐based OSC (PCE=8.96 %). Impressively, the simultaneously enhanced Voc and FF values of the PBDB‐T:BTCD‐2FIC device were the highest values of the A−D−A′−D−A‐type UFAs. The results demonstrate the application of electron‐withdrawing DTBT central‐core unit in efficient UFAs provides meaningful molecular design guidance for high‐performance OSCs.
Lactobacillus lactis and Pediococcus pentosaceus‐driven reprogramming of gut microbiome and metabolome ameliorates the progression of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Yu Jeong Seok , Youn Gi Soo , Choi Jieun , Kim Chang‐Ho , Kim Byung Yong , Yang Seung‐Jo , Lee Je Hee , Park Tae‐Sik , Kim Byoung Kook , Kim Yeon Bee , Roh Seong Woon , Min Byeong Hyun , Park Hee Jin , Yoon Sang Jun , Lee Na Young , Choi Ye Rin , Kim Hyeong Seob , Gupta Haripriya , Sung Hotaik , Han Sang Hak , Suk Ki Tae , Lee Do Yup 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough microbioa‐based therapies have shown putative effects on the treatment of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), it is not clear how microbiota‐derived metabolites contribute to the prevention of NAFLD. We explored the metabolomic signature of Lactobacillus lactis and Pediococcus pentosaceus in NAFLD mice and its association in NAFLD patients.MethodsWe used Western diet‐induced NAFLD mice, and L. lactis and P. pentosaceus were administered to animals in the drinking water at a concentration of 109 CFU/g for 8 weeks. NAFLD severity was determined based on liver/body weight, pathology and biochemistry markers. Caecal samples were collected for the metagenomics by 16S rRNA sequencing. Metabolite profiles were obtained from caecum, liver and serum. Human stool samples (healthy control [n = 22] and NAFLD patients [n = 23]) were collected to investigate clinical reproducibility for microbiota‐derived metabolites signature and metabolomics biomarker.ResultsL. lactis and P. pentosaceus supplementation effectively normalized weight ratio, NAFLD activity score, biochemical markers, cytokines and gut‐tight junction. While faecal microbiota varied according to the different treatments, key metabolic features including short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids (BAs) and tryptophan metabolites were analogously restored by both probiotic supplementations. The protective effects of indole compounds were validated with in vitro and in vivo models, including anti‐inflammatory effects. The metabolomic signatures were replicated in NAFLD patients, accompanied by the comparable levels of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, which was significantly higher (4.3) compared with control (0.6). Besides, the consequent biomarker panel with six stool metabolites (indole, BAs, and SCFAs) showed 0.922 (area under the curve) in the diagnosis of NAFLD.ConclusionsNAFLD progression was robustly associated with metabolic dys‐regulations in the SCFAs, bile acid and indole compounds, and NAFLD can be accurately diagnosed using the metabolites. L. lactis and P. pentosaceus ameliorate NAFLD progression by modulating gut metagenomic and metabolic environment, particularly tryptophan pathway, of the gut‐liver axis.
Comprehensive immunophenotypic study of acute myeloid leukemia with KMT2A (MLL) rearrangement in adults: A single‐institution experience
Authors: Konoplev Sergej , Wang Xiaoqiong , Tang Guilin , Li Shaoying , Wang Wei , Xu Jie , Pierce Sherry A. , Jia Fuli , Jorgensen Jeffrey L. , Ravandi Farhad , Issa Ghayas C. , Medeiros L. Jeffrey , Wang Sa A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) with KMT2A (MLL) rearrangement is known for monocytic or myelomonocytic differentiation, but the full immunophenotypic spectrum and dynamic changes of the immunophenotype in this genetically defined disease have not been systematically studied.MethodsWe reviewed the immunophenotype, karyotype, and mutations at the time of initial diagnosis and relapse of adults with AML with KMT2A rearrangement in our institution between 2007 and 2020.ResultsWe identified 102 patients: 44 men and 58 women with a median age of 52 years (range, 18–87). Forty‐three patients were considered to be therapy‐related. Twenty‐four out of 64 patients relapsed from complete remission after induction therapy, 34 had persistent/progressive disease, and 58 patients died with a median overall survival of 17 months.We detected five immunophenotypes: immature monocytic (38%); myelomonocytic (22%); myeloblastic (22%); mature monocytic (10%); and acute promyelocytic (APL)‐like (8%). By chromosomal breakpoints, we presumed 11 different partners; t(9;11) (p22;q23)/MLLT3‐KMT2A was the most common rearrangement (n = 56, 55%), followed by t(6;11) (q27;q23)/AFDN‐KMT2A (n = 13,13%). Patients with t(6;11) (q27;q23)/AFDN‐KMT2A preferentially showed a myeloblastic phenotype (p = 0.026). Mutations were detected in 39/64 (61%) cases, and RAS pathway (NRAS/KRAS/PTPN11) was involved in 26/64 (41%) cases. None of the APL‐like cases had mutations detected. At the time of disease relapse, 10/24 (42%) showed major immunophenotypic change, and 7/10 cases gained additional cytogenetic and/or molecular alterations.ConclusionThe immunophenotype of AML with KMT2A rearrangement is more diverse than previously recognized, with a substantial subset showing no evidence of monocytic differentiation. Major immunophenotype change is common at the time of relapse.
Power efficient Space Division Multiplexing–Wavelength Division Multiplexing system using multimode EDFA with elevated refractive index profile
Authors: Arunachalam Muthukumar , Raju Sumathy 
Published: December 2021

SummarySpace division multiplexing (SDM) is an endowment technology to increase the collective bandwidth of multimode transmission in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system. In this paper, four wavelength signals from 229.6 to 232.6 THz are transmitted. For each wavelength, three linearly polarized (LP) modes are multiplexed using SDM. These 12 LP modes are transmitted through four parallel Multimode Step Index (MSI) fibers and received by four optical network units (ONUs). A multimode erbium doped fiber amplifier (MMEDFA) with elevated refractive index profile (ERIP) is used as preamplifier to this SDM–WDM system. This ERIP is complying with ITU‐T G.651.1 standard fiber in dispersion performance. The pumping power of 10 mW is adequate for this MMEDFA which is very low and cost effective. LP modes are transmitted, and performance of proposed transmission system is evaluated in terms of spatial electric fields, pumping power requirement, output optical power, and bit error rate (BER).
Design of highly‐directive Night‐flowering Jasmine‐shaped printed radiator based array for Ku‐band applications†
Authors: Sundar Kola Kalyan , Chatterjee Anirban , Jagannath Ravi Prasad K. 
Published: December 2021

SummaryThis article presents a four‐elements linear array of highly directive radiators for Ku‐band satellite applications. The antenna array's sole element is a newly introduced nature‐inspired Night‐flowering Jasmine‐shaped radiator. The proposed single element gives an appreciably decent gain and shallow cross‐polarization (x‐pol.) level along its main beam direction. The array's corporate feed network is designed in a precise manner to achieve a low level of loss and better bandwidth response. The fabricated sole antenna resonates at 17.95 GHz and offers a peak‐gain and return‐loss bandwidth of 11.54 dBi and 537 MHz, respectively. Similarly, 16.69 dBi absolute gain and 756‐MHz bandwidth have been achieved from the array geometry at 17.96 GHz resonating frequency. The prototypes' electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is validated by their computed correction factor (CF) values, and those are becoming 43.73 and 38.57 dB/m, respectively. The measured cross‐pol. of both prototypes, along the entire HPBW region, is below −35 dB. The prototypes offer a reasonably good radiation efficiency of 92.09% and 97.25%, respectively. Both the prototype's measured results make an excellent agreement with the simulated outcomes.
The effect of vitamin D supplementation on mortality and intensive care unit admission of COVID‐19 patients. A systematic review, meta‐analysis and meta‐regression
Authors: Tentolouris Nikolaos , Samakidou Georgia , Eleftheriadou Ioanna , Tentolouris Anastasios , Jude Edward B. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimsThe aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on mortality and admission to intensive care unit (ICU) of COVID‐19 patients.MethodsA systematic search of PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, Web of Science and medRxiv with terms relative to vitamin D supplementation and COVID‐19 was conducted on 26 March 2021. Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis software was used for the quantitative assessment of data and random‐effects model was applied. To investigate the association between the dose of vitamin D and the outcomes of interest, meta‐regression analysis was performed.ResultsTwo thousand and seventy‐eight patients from nine studies with data on mortality were included (583 received vitamin D supplementation, while 1495 did not). Sixty‐one (10.46%) individuals in the treated group died, compared to 386 (25.81%) in the non‐treated group (odds ratio [OR]: 0.597; 95% CI: 0.318–1.121; p = 0.109). Eight hundred and sixty patients from six studies with data on ICU admission were included (369 received vitamin D supplementation, while 491 did not). Forty‐five (12.19%) individuals in the treated group were admitted to ICU, compared to 129 (26.27%) in the non‐treated group (OR: 0.326; 95% CI: 0.149–0.712; p = 0.005). No significant linear relationship between vitamin D dose and log OR of mortality or log OR of ICU admission was observed.ConclusionThis meta‐analysis indicates a beneficial role of vitamin D supplementation on ICU admission, but not on mortality, of COVID‐19 patients. Further research is urgently needed to understand the benefit of vitamin D in COVID‐19.
Assessing environmental DNA metabarcoding and camera trap surveys as complementary tools for biomonitoring of remote desert water bodies
Authors: Mas‐Carrió Eduard , Schneider Judith , Nasanbat Battogtokh , Ravchig Samiya , Buxton Mmabaledi , Nyamukondiwa Casper , Stoffel Céline , Augugliaro Claudio , Ceacero Francisco , Taberlet Pierre , Glaizot Olivier , Christe Philippe , Fumagalli Luca 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBiodiversity assessments are indispensable tools for planning and monitoring conservation strategies. Camera traps (CT) are widely used to monitor wildlife and have proven their usefulness. Environmental DNA (eDNA)‐based approaches are increasingly implemented for biomonitoring, combining sensitivity, high taxonomic coverage and resolution, non‐invasiveness and easiness of sampling, but remain challenging for terrestrial fauna. However, in remote desert areas where scattered water bodies attract terrestrial species, which release their DNA into the water, this method presents a unique opportunity for their detection. In order to identify the most efficient method for a given study system, comparative studies are needed. Here, we compare CT and DNA metabarcoding of water samples collected from two desert ecosystems, the Trans‐Altai Gobi in Mongolia and the Kalahari in Botswana. We recorded with CT the visiting patterns of wildlife and studied the correlation with the biodiversity captured with the eDNA approach. The aim of the present study was threefold: (a) to investigate how well waterborne eDNA captures signals of terrestrial fauna in remote desert environments, which have been so far neglected in terms of biomonitoring efforts; (b) to compare two distinct approaches for biomonitoring in such environments; and (c) to draw recommendations for future eDNA‐based biomonitoring. We found significant correlations between the two methodologies and describe a detectability score based on variables extracted from CT data and the visiting patterns of wildlife. This supports the use of eDNA‐based biomonitoring in these ecosystems and encourages further research to integrate the methodology in the planning and monitoring of conservation strategies.
Defusing environmental activism through scientific greening: Government framing strategy and its effects in China
Authors: Du Juan , Han Rongbin , Lv Weixia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUsing a mixed‐method approach, we explore how the Chinese government frames environmentally controversial projects as well as how citizens may react to the government's framing strategy. Through content analysis of state‐run media reports on paraxylene (a chemical product with many industrial implications, also known as PX) and waste incineration plants, we identify the government's most salient framing tactic asscientific greening—positively depicting such projects as technologically advanced, reliable, and green, often citing experts and scientific sources. Through a survey experiment among 280 college students, we test the effects of such positive frames as well as the negative frames that highlight environmental risks and the comprehensive frames that present both positive and negative information. We find that although the positive scientific‐greening frames can increase one's tolerance of proposed projects in general, they may also enhance their not‐in‐my‐backyard inclination as compared with the control group. Importantly, both the positive scientific‐greening frames and the negative frames reduce citizens' intent to engage in environmental protests. We also find that the negative frames are particularly influential for respondents who have low trust in government. Our findings contribute to the understanding of how framing affects environmental activism in China and elsewhere.
Exacerbated post‐infarct pathological myocardial remodelling in diabetes is associated with impaired autophagy and aggravated NLRP3 inflammasome activation
Authors: Mao Shuai , Chen Peipei , Pan Wenjun , Gao Lei , Zhang Minzhou 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM) patients surviving myocardial infarction (MI) have substantially higher mortality due to the more frequent development of subsequent pathological myocardial remodelling and concomitant functional deterioration. This study investigates the molecular pathways underlying accelerated cardiac remodelling in a well‐established mouse model of diabetes exposed to MI.Methods and resultsMyocardial infarction in DM mice was established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography. Myocardial hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis were determined histologically 6 weeks post‐MI or sham operation. Autophagy, the NLRP3 inflammasome, and caspase‐1 were evaluated by western blotting or immunofluorescence. Echocardiographic imaging revealed significantly increased left ventricular dilation in parallel with increased mortality after MI in DM mice (53.33%) compared with control mice (26.67%, P < 0.05). Immunoblotting, electron microscopy, and immunofluorescence staining for LC3 and p62 indicated impaired autophagy in DM + MI mice compared with control mice (P < 0.05). Furthermore, defective autophagy was associated with increased NLRP3 inflammasome and caspase‐1 hyperactivation in DM + MI mouse cardiomyocytes (P < 0.05). Consistent with NLRP3 inflammasome and caspase‐I hyperactivation, cardiomyocyte death and IL‐1β and IL‐18 secretion were increased in DM + MI mice (P < 0.05). Importantly, the autophagy inducer and the NLRP3 inhibitor attenuated the cardiac remodelling of DM mice after MI.ConclusionIn summary, our results indicate that DM aggravates cardiac remodelling after MI through defective autophagy and associated exaggerated NLRP3 inflammasome activation, proinflammatory cytokine secretion, suggesting that restoring autophagy and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation may serve as novel targets for the prevention and treatment of post‐infarct remodelling in DM.