bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nuclear magnetic resonance measurements in dynamically controlled field pulse
Authors: Ihara Y. , Hayashi K. , Kanda T. , Matsui K. , Kindo K. , Kohama Y. 
Published: November 2021

We present the architecture of the versatile nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer with software-defined radio technology and its application to the dynamically controlled pulsed magnetic fields. The pulse-field technology is the only solution to access magnetic fields greater than 50 T, but the NMR experiment in the pulsed magnetic field was difficult because of the continuously changing field strength. The dynamically controlled field pulse allows us to perform NMR experiment in a quasi-steady field condition by creating a constant magnetic field for a short time around the peak of the field pulse. We confirmed the reproducibility of the field pulses using the NMR spectroscopy as a high precision magnetometer. With the highly reproducible field strength, we succeeded in measuring the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate 1/T1, which had never been measured by the pulse-field NMR experiment without dynamic field control. We also implement the NMR spectrum measurement with both the frequency-sweep and field-sweep modes and discuss the appropriate choices of these modes depending on the magnetic properties of the sample to be measured. This development, with further improvement at a long-duration field pulse, will innovate the microscopic measurement in extremely high magnetic fields.
Intracellular nanoscale architecture as a master regulator of calcium carbonate crystallization in marine microalgae
Authors: Kadan Yuval , Tollervey Fergus , Varsano Neta , Mahamid Julia , Gal Assaf 
Published: November 2021

Significance
Some organisms evolved an extraordinary ability to control the formation of inorganic crystals. This is usually attributed to the localization of biomineralization processes to specialized and controlled cellular environments. However, traditional techniques are incompatible with investigations of precipitation reactions in vivo, and the structural determinants of these processes remain elusive. Here, we use state-of-the-art cryoelectron tomography to visualize with nanometer-scale resolution calcite formation by microalgae. The native-state structural data open a window into the microenvironment in which crystals form in vivo and shed light on the biological controls over the chemical precipitation process. These rapidly developing cryoelectron microscopy modalities hold promise to elucidate diverse phenomena at the interface between cells and their environment.
Vaccine-elicited CD4 T cells prevent the deletion of antiviral B cells in chronic infection
Authors: Narr Kerstin , Ertuna Yusuf I. , Fallet Benedict , Cornille Karen , Dimitrova Mirela , Marx Anna-Friederike , Martin Katrin , Abreu Mota Tiago , Künzli Marco , Schreiner David , Brunner Tobias M. , Kreutzfeldt Mario , Wagner Ingrid , Geier Florian , Bestmann Lukas , Löhning Max , Merkler Doron , King Carolyn G. , Pinschewer Daniel D. 
Published: November 2021

Significance
Vaccines against persisting viruses such as HIV or hepatitis C virus remain a significant unmet global need. Long-lived memory B cells can be induced by vaccination to form an important pillar of antiviral immunity, yet persisting viruses subvert both primary B cell responses and memory B cell protection. Studying a mouse model of persistent viral infection, we found that CD4 T memory cells averted the deletion of antiviral B cells upon chronic virus challenge. Memory T help promoted germinal center reactions, preventing the B cells’ untimely, interferon-induced end differentiation. These observations indicate that B cell–based vaccination should be paired with potent memory CD4 T cell induction for memory B cells to prevail when confronted with a chronic viral intruder.
La ciudad de Maputo como palimpsesto literario
Authors: Fraticelli Barbara 
Published: November 2021

ResumenLa ciudad de Maputo, capital de Mozambique, se configura desde la segunda mitad del siglo XX como un auténtico palimpsesto literario, en el que las sucesivas escrituras superpuestas durante décadas crean un espacio en ocasiones sugerente y en otras abiertamente hostil ante la mirada del espectador.Se distinguen, en este proceso de trasformación del espacio real en un espacio imaginario, tres momentos fundamentales. El primero es el periodo colonial, retratado en los versos de Noémia de Sousa, donde la ciudad construida de madera y cinc se reivindica como el germen de su esencia africana. El segundo nace tras la independencia, en un espacio convulso que busca una nueva identidad, como en la narrativa de João Paulo Borges Coelho. El tercero se perfila en los años más recientes, con una ciudad distópica en la que el crimen y la protesta colectiva constituyen la base de la última narrativa mozambiqueña.
Blue and black phosphorene on metal substrates: a density functional theory study
Authors: Adak Abhishek K , Sharma Devina , Narasimhan Shobhana 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We have performed density functional theory calculations to study blue phosphorene and black phosphorene on metal substrates. The substrates considered are the (111) and (110) surfaces of Al, Cu, Ag, Ir, Pd, Pt and Au and the (0001) and (10

1

¯

0) surfaces of Zr and Sc. The formation energy E
F is negative (energetically favorable) for all 36 combinations of overlayer and substrate. By comparing values of ΔΩ, the change in free energy per unit area, as well as the overlayer-substrate binding energy E
b, we identify that Ag(111), Al(110), Cu(111), Cu(110) and possibly Au(110) may be especially suitable substrates for the synthesis and subsequent exfoliation of blue phosphorene, and the Ag(110) and Al(111) substrates for the synthesis of black phosphorene. However, these conclusions are drawn assuming the source of P atoms is bulk phosphorus, and can alter upon changing synthesis conditions (chemical potential of phosphorus). Thus, when the source of phosphorus atoms is P4, blue phosphorene is favored only over Pt(111). We find that for all combinations of overlayer and substrate, the charge transfer per bond can be captured by the universal descriptor

D
=
Δ
χ
/
Δ
R

, where Δχ and

Δ
R

are, respectively, the differences in electronegativity and atomic size between phosphorus and the substrate metal.
An approach to energy efficient lighting design for economic residential flats
Authors: Das Subhasish , Mondal Anubrata , Ghosh Kamalika 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The lighting design in a residential building now-a-days is not only limited to general lighting but also it is focused to provide quality lighting with the help of wide range of available luminaire with different orientations as well as colours with efficient use of energy, that opens up accurate characteristics of specific areas in any room of the building. The affordable housings in many states are some of the examples of residential building where most of the flats in a typical floor are using conventional lighting systems which are not energy efficient and light level is low compared to standards. This paper is mainly focused to provide a budget friendly as well as energy efficient lighting design with the help of new and energy efficient lamps using DIALux Software, which can be proposed to renovate the existing conventional lighting systems. In this paper effort has been made to reduce the power consumption in all rooms and lux levels has been achieved as per standard values along with good amount of energy saving with the use of newer technologies.
Facade control systems for optimal daylighting: A case of Kerala
Authors: Dev Govind , Saifudeen Aysha , Sathish Aparna 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Indoor environmental quality is one of the most important aspects to be considered while designing buildings. Design decisions taken to ensure indoor environmental quality depends upon the specific location, climate, form, orientation and materials used for the construction of the building. In addition to ensuring comfort and optimal occupant conditions, these design decisions also impact the overall energy consumption of the building. The design of the building envelope is of more importance in regions that receive a huge amount of solar radiation. Kerala, falling in the Tropical belt, have buildings designed (or supposed to be designed) with sufficient roofing/shading overhangs to avoid penetration of solar radiation, and direct glare towards the inside. Well-designed shading devices provide the best shading during overheated periods thus lesser heat gain or cooling load. The form of shading devices influences day-lighting inside the building. This paper intends to explore different types of shading devices and façade control systems, and their impact on daylighting inside a selected commercial building in Kerala. It concludes by identification of the most efficient design of the device in each type identified, through BIM modelling and lighting simulation, specific to the original building location, to ensure optimal daylighting while eliminating the undesirable effects of solar radiation.
Review on Magnetohydrodynamic flow of nanofluids past a Vertical plate under the influence of Thermal Radiation
Authors: ShanthaSheela J , David Maxim Gururaj A , Ismail Mohammed , Dhanasekar S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Nanofluids are the fluids containing nano materials, with interesting properties, and the distinctive features have shown unprecedented potential for many Industrial applications. Nano fluids have been receiving great attention in recent years for heat transfer applications in industrial processes. In literature, the highly nonlinear governing equations involved in the study of MHD nanofluids flow with thermal radiation past a vertical plate under varying physical nature are solved using numerical and analytical schemes. It is noted that due to the complexity of the governing equations, numerical schemes are more preferable than analytical schemes. The authors have taken effort in registering various forms of governing equations involved in the above studies, its impact on velocity and temperature field. This paper also tries to identify the research gaps and pave way for future research.
Classroom concept as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic: An antivirus built-environment approach
Authors: Samodra F X T B , Harahap B P N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This discussion is based on the COVID-19 pandemic, which causes children to be vulnerable to infection due to their still-developing organs and immune system. The nature of the virus to survive in the environment encourages the existence of variants of the virus, making vaccines the only way to stop the virus from spreading internally. Based on the latest research by WHO, a new virus variant has been found with the potential for transmission and effects that are more severe than the previous virus. The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on changing educational activities to distance through the use of technology. Children are a golden phase to learn and get to know something that tends to be through direct interaction. However, this is less effective because of children who need to be supervised and tend to be given natural direction and the children’s homes’ different psychological conditions and conditions. This study aims to analyze the concept of an excellent class to minimize the risk of spreading COVID-19 and other virus variants in the future so that it is safe for the health of users, namely children. It conducts a concept-based framework with an antivirus built-environment approach supported with simulation, literature and precedent review. In the discussion, the concept of an antivirus built-environment class is supported by an understanding of biophilic built-environment, especially biomimetics and direct use of nature, as well as the existence of spatial shift standards due to the risk of spread, government regulations on learning systems, healthy space and climate conditions in Indonesia. Biomimetics translates the character and work system of viruses biologically with the help of antivirus software tools because of the similarities in their properties. Antivirus built-environment on the class concept is realized in the form of scanning incoming users with the help of technology and room protection. The application of this concept, when discovered, is expected to prevent the accumulation of users from minimizing interactions that are at risk of spreading the virus, nourish users with the help of nature, and provide a place for children’s learning activities.
An overview of Prevention through Design (PtD): The architect’s role in the lifecycle of building safety performance
Authors: Syamimi Samsudin Nor , Khalil N. , Yuhaniz Mayamin , Muhammad Aiman Sayed Abul Khair Sayed , Zainonabidin Azman 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The notion of Prevention through Design (PtD) has been used extensively to mitigate any potential hazard and minimize residual risks during the early design phase. However, there are hurdles in implementing the PtD concept, such as lack of enforcement in terms of legislation and guideline, thus decreasing architects’ responsibilities towards implementing PtD in the design and planning stage. Therefore, the review was motivated to highlight the PtD concept and the architect’s responsibility to build safety performance throughout its entire lifecycle. The finding of this paper reveals the themes that influence the role of architects towards adopting the PtD concept, which in turn affects the safety of the whole building lifecycle. Since this paper focuses solely on the role of architects, further development of the topic can be aimed towards other roles of consultants.
Challenges in maintaining facilities in elderly Pondok Village environment
Authors: Salleh N A , Abdul Talib Y , Ismail K , Alauddin K 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Pondok originates from an Arabic wordal-funduq which implies a hostel, a transitory home or dormitories meanwhile in Indonesia, a pondok is known as pesantren and dayah. The function of the pondok house is to serve as a center for the study of Islam in the Muslim community that does not have a specific age limit and is allowed to all genders. But most pondok houses are occupied by senior citizens who want to study Islam. The construction and existence of pondok house including facilities provided are mainly used for religious activity. Due to lack of law and regulations to govern the development of Pondok Village (PV), it drives a few problems that are related to insufficient facilities provided which then causes poor performance in managing it. This paper is presenting on the preliminary study from two pondok sites located in Perak, Malaysia. This paper is sought to discover the barriers related to implementing sustainable facilities management to PV. An interview with the building operators and an observation of the facilities provided in the PV was conducted. The findings reveal that lack of financial, lack of knowledge and skill related to sustainability, lack of staff to manage the building and facilities, lack of technology and inconsistent guidelines implemented are the key barriers that contribute to the performance of PV facilities management. Thus, this research recommends the implementation of sustainable facilities management of PV to reduce the cost of operating, proper training to the staffs that manage the facilities in a better way, thus increase skill and knowledge. Finally, the regulatory body should take holistic action in providing a standardization of facilities that should be provided in PV development and management.
The Umah Pitu Ruang concept: Environmental adaptation and the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Zahrah A. , Dewi C. , Putra R. A. , Izziah  , Nichols J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper discusses how to adapt the concept of space from Umah Pitu Ruang in the past to modern Gayo houses today, especially to deal with the dynamics of the Covid-19 pandemic case. At the same time, it brings the environmental adaptation of the houses. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. Data collection is done by collecting literature, observation and interviews. The data collected through literature, observation, and interviews will then be analyzed and then described what is found in Umah Pitu Ruang, a modern house, and what the implications are for a healthy home. Although physically, Umah Pitu Ruang is difficult to re-apply nowadays, but some of the spatial concepts of Umah Pitu Ruang can still be adapted for today, including during the COVID-19 pandemic through a sharper perspective. The architecture of the past can provide lessons through local wisdom, one of which is culture. In this discussion we can conclude that the culture that exists in Umah Pitu Ruang can be adapted to the present with a contemporary approach.
Dimensions of rural web as factors influencing farmer’s adoption of sustainable agricultural practices: A review
Authors: Sulaiman N K , Misnan S H , Rashid M F 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Agriculture is one of the main driving forces of rural development. Ensuring its sustainability in practice will provide economic, social and environmental benefits to the rural area. This will then contribute to sustainable rural development in general. Similarly, the processes of rural development are also the external influences that can facilitate the condition for sustainable practices to be carried out in ease of manner. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the importance of rural development processes as facilitating factors in farmer’s decision-making on the adoption of Sustainable Agricultural Practices (SAP). Using the method of Protocol, Search, Appraisal, Synthesis, Analysis and Reporting (PSALSAR), this study has adapted six steps towards conducting a systematic literature review. A total of 50 empirical studies obtained from Scopus database were reviewed to determine the significant factors influencing the adoption of SAP. These factors were then coded into six dimensions of rural development processes which are endogeneity, novelty, market governance, institutional, social capital and sustainability. The finding of this paper has discovered that the institutional dimension contains the most factors influencing SAP adoption, followed up by social capital. The rural development dimension with the least significant factors from the empirical studies reviewed is the novelty dimension. This finding has highlighted the gap in the literature regarding factors influencing adoption. Future research should consider exploring the relationship between farmers’ novelty practices with their decisions in adopting SAP.
The effect of demolition waste composition on the landfill liner physical characteristic
Authors: Budihardjo M A , Hadiwidodo M , Wardhana I W , Tuasykal M R N A , Samadikun B P , Arumdani I S , Ramadan B S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study analyses the physical characteristics of demolition waste on the composite landfill liner. In this study, three characteristic composite landfill liner tests consist of swelling/specific gravity, OMC standard proctor determination, and atterberg limit test. Composite landfill liner consists of demolition material, bentonite, and lime with eight variable samples. Based on this research, specific gravity ranges from 1.8-2.1 g/cm3, OMC’s highest is V7, and MDD’s lowest is 1.81 g/cm3. Demolition waste content is below 80% can be carried out atterberg limit test. It is related to the particle size distribution test, which states that the size of demolition waste is a type of sand.
Technical and economic feasibility analysis of solar power plant design with off grid system for remote area MSME in Semarang City
Authors: Windarta J , Handoko S , Sukmadi T , Irfani K N , Masfuha S M , Itsnareno C H 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The distribution of electricity from State Electricity Enterprise does not necessarily reach remote areas, so these areas require alternative sources of electricity, such as solar power plants. This study aims to design and analyze the potential of small-scale off-grid PV in terms of engineering and economics. The research method has used a simulation on PVSyst software with four components, namely solar panels and batteries. The research results were obtained based on four variations made: a 700Wp panel, a 24V 150Ah battery, and an 800W inverter. The design will produce electrical energy of 2 kWh/kWp/day with a total investment value of IDR 54,268,068 for a project period of 24 years. Compared to using a one kVA generator, the investment value was approximately IDR 208,575,063 for a 24-year project. Compared to batteries with the same specifications using a State Electricity Enterprise electricity charging source, the investment value for a 24-year project was IDR 81,036,162. NPV values in all variations obtained < 0, and PBP > the system project period. Thus, this system was considered not economically feasible and did not provide profit. Still, the off-grid solar power plant option was the most profitable than generators or battery power sources with State Electricity Enterprise charging.
Optimization of organic waste processing using Black Soldier Fly larvae Case study: Diponegoro university
Authors: Priyambada I B , Sumiyati S , Puspita A S , Wirawan R A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Waste that is not handled correctly can cause problems for humans and the environment. Therefore, proper waste management efforts are needed to solve this waste problem. One method of processing organic waste is the use of Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae. Larvae BSF can degrade organic waste, and the life cycle of BSF acts as a decomposer. This study examines BSF larvae’s ability to decompose biodegradable organic waste, especially for banana waste, cucumber waste, and food waste in the Diponegoro University environment, and to decide the effect of the variable type of food. The frequency of feeding carried out on the growth rate of BSF larvae and to choose the decomposition results of biodegradable organic waste carried out by BSF larvae. This research method is carried out by comparing the effectiveness of waste degradation by BFS with EM4. The value of significance in degrading waste is obtained from the calculation of the Waste Reduction Index, or it can be called WRI. The analysis results show that the WRI value in waste processing using BFS is more significant than in waste processing using EM4. That concludes that BSF fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) effectively reduce organic waste compared to EM4.
Optimization of recycled polyethylene terephthalate plastic bottle fibers in grasscrete
Authors: Etyangat A , Tiboti P , Kayondo M , Bakamwesiga H 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Cement and concrete production account for between 5% to 8% of global CO2. Waste PET plastic and glass waste have also brought about rapid environmental degradation. Glasscrete was developed with glass powder of fewer than 75 microns (has pozzolanic properties) that performed 14% better than concrete at 90 days. So, to further this effort, this experimental research considered the glass create C20 (at 10% cement replacement) and added PET fibers (of aspect ratio 25) at different percentages of 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% the weight of cement in a bid to optimize the grasscrete performance and its ability to absorb PET waste. Glasscrete being extremely brittle alone, failed by cracking at all percentage PET additions, thus improving its safety factor. A 1% PET fiber addition to grasscrete exhibited the highest strength properties compared to other percentage additions while having a durability of 1.5% better than concrete. It is thus recommended for structural uses as it outperforms concrete. Despite this, a 1% fiber addition decreased grasscrete’s compressive strength by at least 3.5% at 28 days and 6% at 90 days but improved the flexural strength by 5.4% at 28 days and 0.8% at 90 days testing.