bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of AlGaN quantum barriers on carrier flow in deep ultraviolet nanowire laser diode
Authors: Sharif Muhammad Nawaz , Niass Mussaab Ibrahiam , Liou Juin J , Wang Fang , Liu Yuhuai 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Aluminium (Al) composition is a critical parameter of performance for deep ultraviolet (DUV) AlGaN devices. In multiple-quantum-wells (MQW) nanowire laser diode, quantum barriers play an important role in carriers’ flow (electrons, holes). In this work, the impact of composition, and the thickness of AlGaN-based quantum barriers is being studied. The study suggests that by properly increasing Al composition of

A

l

x

G

a

1
−
x

N

quantum barriers, the height of the conduction band barrier decreases, which enhances electron leakage from MQW, while increasing the height of the valance band barrier, which, in turn, suppresses hole injection efficiency toward MQW. Such variations in band height greatly affect opto-electronic characteristics and performance of AlGaN nanowire. Furthermore, the study also suggests that quantum barrier thickness has much influence on DUV nanowire performance. The decrease in thickness of quantum barriers has little effect on confinement of the optical field, but significant effect on optical emitted power. It is found that by decreasing the thickness of quantum barriers, optical emitted power along with stimulated recombination rate is reduced. Contrastingly, as the thickness of quantum barriers increases, hole injection efficiency gets enhanced while electron leakage from MQW gets reduced. The above observations suggest that the higher the thickness of quantum barriers, the better the carriers’ flow toward MQW and hence, the performance is improved.
On the triad transfer analysis of plasma turbulence: symmetrization, coarse graining, and directional representation
Authors: Maeyama S , Sasaki M , Fujii K , Kobayashi T , Dendy R O , Kawachi Y , Arakawa H , Inagaki S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article discusses triad transfer analysis via quadratic nonlinearity. To avoid fictitious interactions, symmetrization of the triad transfer is reviewed, including arbitrary orthogonal decomposition and coarse graining. The directional representation of the symmetrized triad transfer is proposed by minimizing the number of edges in a network graph of triad interactions with keeping the energy consistency. The directional representation simplifies visualization and allows us to reduce the energy transfer into a one-to-one relation, while eliminating fictitious interactions in non-symmetrized triad transfer functions. Energy transfer processes among plasma turbulent fluctuations that decompose by the singular value decomposition are analyzed as an application. A network graph visualization clearly demonstrates the importance of symmetrization and the consistency between the symmetrized triad transfer and its directional representation.
Appearance of objectivity for NV centers interacting with dynamically polarized nuclear environment
Authors: Kwiatkowski Damian , Cywiński Łukasz , Korbicz Jarosław K. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Quantum-to-classical transition still eludes a full understanding. Out of its multiple aspects, one has recently gained an increased attention—the appearance of objective world out of the quantum. One particular idea is that objectivity appears thanks to specific quantum state structures formation during the evolution, known as spectrum broadcast structures (SBS). Despite that quite some research was already performed on this strong and fundamental form of objectivity, the practical realization of SBS in a concrete physical medium has not been explicitly analyzed so far. In this work, we study the possibility to simulate objectivization process via SBS formation using widely studied nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamonds. Assuming achievable limits of dynamical polarization technique, we show that for high, but experimentally viable polarizations (p > 0.5) of nuclear spins and for magnetic fields lower than ≈20 G the state of the NV center and its nearest polarized environment approaches an SBS state reasonably well.
A polarization-insensitive dual-band plasmonic metamaterial absorber for a sensor application
Authors: Kang Yongqiang , Gao Peng , Liu Hongmei , Gao Lishuo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A polarization-insensitive dual-band plasmonic metamaterial absorber is proposed, which is constituted by merely the metal nano-cylinder and a continuous metallic ground separated by a middle dielectric layer. Two resonance peaks with over 97% absorbance derived from ‘the fundamental resonance and the surface lattice resonance are realized. The effective medium approach and the transmission line modeling show good agreement with results from numerical simulation. In addition, we demonstrated that proposed dual-absorber retain nearly perfect absorbance for all polarization angles of both TE and TM modes on normal incidence. It is different from previous work that the dual-frequency response is obtained by combining two subunits of different sizes. Importantly, the second absorption peak result from surface lattice resonance with narrow line-width has large sensitivity perform and high quality factor, which has significant potential in the application of biosensors and monitoring.
ACROPOLIS: A generiC fRamework fOr Photodisintegration Of LIght elementS
Authors: Depta Paul Frederik , Hufnagel Marco , Schmidt-Hoberg Kai 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The remarkable agreement between observations of the
primordial light element abundances and the corresponding
theoretical predictions within the standard cosmological history
provides a powerful method to constrain physics beyond the standard
model of particle physics (BSM). For a given BSM model these
primordial element abundances are generally determined by (i)
Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and (ii) possible subsequent
disintegration processes. The latter potentially change the
abundances due to late-time high-energy injections which may be
present in these scenarios. While there are a number of public codes
for the first part, no such code is currently available for the
second. Here we close this gap and present ACROPOLIS,
A generiC fRamework fOr
Photodisintegration Of LIght
elementS. The widely discussed cases of decays as well as
annihilations can be run without prior coding knowledge within
example programs. Furthermore, due to its modular structure,
can easily be extended also to other
scenarios.

For the most recent version of this manual, please visit the GitHub repository at
https://github.com/skumblex/acropolis.
Resonant effects in the spontaneous bremsstrahlung process of ultrarelativistic electrons in the fields of a nucleus and a pulsed light wave
Authors: Roshchupkin Sergei P , Dubov Alexander , Dubov Victor V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article focuses on the resonant high-energy spontaneous bremsstrahlung of ultrarelativistic electrons with considerable energies

E
i

≳

10

2

GeV in the field of a nucleus and a quasimonochromatic laser wave with an intensity

I
≲

10

16

÷ 1017 W cm−2. Under resonant conditions within the light field the intermediate virtual electron transformed into a real particle. Therefore, the initial second order process in accordance with the fine structure constant in the laser field effectively reduced to two successive processes of the first order: the laser-stimulated Compton-effect and laser field-assisted scattering of an electron by a nucleus. In this work we derive the expressions for the resonant differential cross-sections of this processes using the simultaneous registration of the frequency and outgoing angle of the spontaneous photon and the absorption of the rth wave of photons (where r = 1,2,3,...is the resonance number). To summarize, for the first resonance of channel A, the resonant differential cross-section attains a magnitude of the ∼1012 and the third resonance of channel B attains ∼105 in units of

α

Z
2

r
e
2

(
c

m
2

)

. Finally, scientific laser pulse radiation (SLAC, FAIR, XFEL, ELI, XCELS) can be used to verify the model calculations.
Informational properties of holographic Lifshitz field theory *
Authors: Gong Huajie , Liu Peng , Fu Guoyang , Kuang Xiao-Mei , Wu Jian-Pin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we explore the properties of holographic entanglement entropy (HEE), mutual information (MI) and entanglement of purification (EoP) in holographic Lifshitz theory. These informational quantities exhibit some universal properties of holographic dual field theory. For most configuration parameters and temperatures, these informational quantities change monotonically with the Lifshitz dynamical critical exponent z. However, we also observe some non-monotonic behaviors for these informational quantities in some specific spaces of configuration parameters and temperatures. A particularly interesting phenomenon is that a dome-shaped diagram emerges in the behavior of MI vs z, and correspondingly a trapezoid-shaped profile appears in that of EoP vs z. This means that for some specific configuration parameters and temperatures, the system measured in terms of MI and EoP is entangled only in a certain intermediate range of z.
Severity of drought and heatwave crop losses tripled over the last five decades in Europe
Authors: Brás Teresa Armada , Seixas Júlia , Carvalhais Nuno , Jägermeyr Jonas 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Extreme weather disasters (EWDs) can jeopardize domestic food supply and disrupt commodity markets. However, historical impacts on European crop production associated with droughts, heatwaves, floods, and cold waves are not well understood—especially in view of potential adverse trends in the severity of impacts due to climate change. Here, we combine observational agricultural data (FAOSTAT) with an extreme weather disaster database (EM-DAT) between 1961 and 2018 to evaluate European crop production responses to EWD. Using a compositing approach (superposed epoch analysis), we show that historical droughts and heatwaves reduced European cereal yields on average by 9% and 7.3%, respectively, associated with a wide range of responses (inter-quartile range +2% to −23%; +2% to −17%). Non-cereal yields declined by 3.8% and 3.1% during the same set of events. Cold waves led to cereal and non-cereal yield declines by 1.3% and 2.6%, while flood impacts were marginal and not statistically significant. Production losses are largely driven by yield declines, with no significant changes in harvested area. While all four event frequencies significantly increased over time, the severity of heatwave and drought impacts on crop production roughly tripled over the last 50 years, from −2.2% (1964–1990) to −7.3% (1991–2015). Drought-related cereal production losses are shown to intensify by more than 3% yr−1. Both the trend in frequency and severity can possibly be explained by changes in the vulnerability of the exposed system and underlying climate change impacts.
Virtual reality and augmented reality displays: advances and future perspectives
Authors: Yin Kun , He Ziqian , Xiong Jianghao , Zou Junyu , Li Kun , Wu Shin-Tson 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) are revolutionizing the ways we perceive and interact with various types of digital information. These near-eye displays have attracted significant attention and efforts due to their ability to reconstruct the interactions between computer-generated images and the real world. With rapid advances in optical elements, display technologies, and digital processing, some VR and AR products are emerging. In this review paper, we start with a brief development history and then define the system requirements based on visual and wearable comfort. Afterward, various VR and AR display architectures are analyzed and evaluated case by case, including some of the latest research progress and future perspectives.
REAP: revealing drug tolerant persister cells in cancer using contrast enhanced optical coherence and photoacoustic tomography
Authors: Liu Mengyang , Deloria Abigail J , Haindl Richard , Li Qian , Szakacs Gergely , Csiszar Agnes , Schrittwieser Stefan , Muellner Paul , Hainberger Rainer , Pelaz Beatriz , Polo Ester , Del Pino Pablo , Penttinen Antti , Guina Mircea , Niemi Tapio , Meiburger Kristen , Molinari Filippo , Menhard Christian , Heidelin Judith , Andresen Volker , Geuzebroek Douwe , Drexler Wolfgang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Despite chemotherapy, residual tumors often rely on so-called drug tolerant persister (DTP) cells, which evade treatment to give rise to therapy-resistant relapse and refractory disease. Detection of residual tumor cells proves to be challenging because of the rarity and heterogeneity of DTP cells. In the framework of a H2020 project, REAP will gather researchers and engineers from six countries, who will combine their expertise in biology, chemistry, oncology, material sciences, photonics, and electrical and biomedical engineering in the hope of revealing DTPs in cancer using contrast enhanced multimodal optical imaging. Laser sources for photoacoustic microscopy, photoacoustic tomography, and optical coherence tomography will be developed to enable the design of a two-photon laser scanning optical coherence photoacoustic microscopy system and an optical coherence photoacoustic tomography system. Furthermore, novel photoacoustic detectors using micro-ring resonator will be designed and fabricated, granting improved sensitivity and easier integration of multiple optical imaging modalities into a single system. Innovative algorithms will be developed to reconstruct and analyze the images quickly and automatically. With successful implementation of this four-year project, we can not only gain insight into the mechanisms governing DTPs, but also significantly advance the technology readiness level of contrast agents, lasers, sensors, and image analysis software through joint efforts.
COVID-19 Experiences, PPE, and Health Concerns in Toronto, Canada Bicycle Delivery Workers: Cross-sectional Pilot Survey
Authors: Harris M Anne , Kirkham Tracy L 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To pilot recruitment methods for bicycle delivery workers in Toronto, Canada and to assess workers’ experiences with COVID-19 and personal protective equipment (PPE).

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study. An online survey was deployed and advertised via social media with both paid and free postings in July and August of 2020. An incentive draw was used to motivate participation. These analyses summarized descriptive statistics of the sample and variables relevant to COVID-19.

Results
Complete responses were received from 35 participants. No participants reported a diagnosis of COVID-19, however four participants indicated experiencing symptoms. Most participants reported they used PPE, especially masks and/or respirators (97.1%) and 71.4% of participants indicated their employer provided them with PPE (masks or gloves). Participants expressed concern about precarious work and uncertainty about their own COVID-19 exposure risk.

Conclusions
Bicycle delivery workers are a precarious working population that may be difficult to reach for research recruitment purposes. Given their essential role in deliveries during the COVID-19 pandemic, further work is needed to characterize exposures and risks in this population.
Characterization and practical use of self-compatibility in outcrossing grass species
Authors: Cropano Claudio , Place Iain , Manzanares Chloé , Do Canto Javier , Lübberstedt Thomas , Studer Bruno , Thorogood Daniel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundSelf-incompatibility (SI) systems prevent self-fertilization in several species of Poaceae, many of which are economically important forage, bioenergy and turf grasses. Self-incompatibility ensures cross-pollination and genetic diversity but restricts the ability to fix useful genetic variation. In most inbred crops it is possible to develop high-performing homozygous parental lines by self-pollination, which then enables the creation of F1 hybrid varieties with higher performance, a phenomenon known as heterosis. The inability to fully exploit heterosis in outcrossing grasses is partially responsible for lower levels of improvement in breeding programmes compared with inbred crops. However, SI can be overcome in forage grasses to create self-compatible populations. This is generating interest in understanding the genetical basis of self-compatibility (SC), its significance for reproductive strategies and its exploitation for crop improvement, especially in the context of F1 hybrid breeding.ScopeWe review the literature on SI and SC in outcrossing grass species. We review the currently available genomic tools and approaches used to discover and characterize novel SC sources. We discuss opportunities barely explored for outcrossing grasses that SC facilitates. Specifically, we discuss strategies for wide SC introgression in the context of the Lolium–Festuca complex and the use of SC to develop immortalized mapping populations for the dissection of a wide range of agronomically important traits. The germplasm available is a valuable practical resource and will aid understanding the basis of inbreeding depression and hybrid vigour in key temperate forage grass species.ConclusionsA better understanding of the genetic control of additional SC loci offers new insight into SI systems, their evolutionary origins and their reproductive significance. Heterozygous outcrossing grass species that can be readily selfed facilitate studies of heterosis. Moreover, SC introduction into a range of grass species will enable heterosis to be exploited in innovative ways in genetic improvement programmes.
Impact of gastric resection and enteric anastomotic configuration on delayed gastric emptying after pancreaticoduodenectomy: a network meta-analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Varghese C , Bhat S , Wang T H -H , O’Grady G , Pandanaboyana S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Delayed gastric emptying (DGE) is frequent after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). Several RCTs have explored operative strategies to minimize DGE, however, the optimal combination of gastric resection approach, anastomotic route, configuration and the use of enteroenterostomy remains unclear.

Methods
MEDLINE, Embase and CENTRAL databases were systematically searched for RCTs comparing gastric resection (classic Whipple, pylorus-resecting, pylorus-preserving), anastomotic route (antecolic, retrocolic), configuration (loop gastroenterostomy/Billroth II, Roux-en-Y), and use of enteroenterostomy (Braun). A random-effects, Bayesian network meta-analysis with non-informative priors was conducted to determine the optimal combination of approaches to PD for minimizing DGE.

Results
Twenty-four RCTs, including 2526 patients and 14 approaches were included. There was some heterogeneity, although inconsistency was low. The overall incidence of DGE was 25.6 per cent (647 patients). Pylorus-resecting, antecolic, Billroth II with Braun enteroenterostomy was associated with the lowest rates of DGE and ranked the best in 35 per cent of comparisons. Classic Whipple, retrocolic, Billroth II with Braun ranked the worst for DGE in 32 per cent of comparisons. Pairwise meta-analysis of retrocolic versus antecolic route for gastrojejunostomy found increased risk of DGE with the retrocolic route (odds ratio 2.10, 95 per cent credibility interval (cr.i.) 0.92 to 4.70). Pairwise meta-analysis of enteroenterostomy found a trend towards lower DGE rates when this was used (odds ratio 1.90, 95 per cent cr.i. 0.92 to 3.90). Having a Braun enteroenterostomy ranked the best in 96 per cent of comparisons.

Conclusion
Based on existing RCT evidence, a pylorus-resecting, antecolic, Billroth II with Braun enteroenterostomy seems to be associated with the lowest rates of DGE.

Preregistration
PROSPERO submitted 23 December 2020. CRD42021227637
Impaired glymphatic function in idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Eide Per Kristian , Pripp Are Hugo , Ringstad Geir , Valnes Lars Magnus 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension is a brain disease incorporating cerebrospinal fluid disturbance, increased intracranial pressure and visual failure, but with unknown cause. This study examined a hypothesis that glymphatic function is impaired in idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients. The MRI contrast agent gadobutrol was utilized as a cerebrospinal fluid tracer following intrathecal administration. Consecutive standardized T1 MRI acquisitions over 48 h were done to assess tracer distribution within brain of 15 idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients and 15 reference individuals who were comparable in age and gender distribution. Using FreeSurfer software, we semi-quantified tracer level in multiple brain regions as T1 MRI signal change. The tracer enriched the entire brain of idiopathic intracranial hypertension and reference subjects. In idiopathic intracranial hypertension, tracer enrichment was increased and clearance of tracer delayed from a wide range of brain regions, including both grey and white matter. Differences were most evident in frontal and temporal regions. The pulsatile intracranial pressure was measured overnight and tracer propagation in brain compared between individuals with pathological and normal pulsatile intracranial pressure. In individuals with pathological pulsatile intracranial pressure, tracer enrichment was stronger and clearance from brain delayed, particularly in regions nearby large artery trunks at the brain surface. The present in vivo observations provide evidence for impaired glymphatic function in several brain regions of idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients. Glymphatic failure may imply altered clearance of metabolic byproducts, which may precede neurodegeneration. Further studies are needed to characterize glymphatic failure in idiopathic intracranial hypertension.
Competing Theories of Value: A Spectral Analysis
Authors: Mariolis Theodore 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper is based on a spectral–controllability analysis of the Sraffian price system and develops a relevant reconstruction of the theory of value. It shows that (i) the hitherto competing theories of value correspond to specific complex plane locations of the eigenvalues of the vertically integrated technical coefficients matrix; and (ii) the real-world economies cannot be coherently analyzed in terms of the traditional theory of value (classical, Marxian, Austrian, and neoclassical), despite the fact that they are characterized by rather low degrees and relatively low numerical ranks of price controllability. Hence, on the one hand, the Sraffian theory of value is not only the most general to date, but also empirically relevant. On the other hand, the real-world economies constitute almost uncontrollable systems, and this explains, in turn, the specific shape features of the empirical price–wage–profit rate curves that are at the heart of the capital theory debate.