bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (+)‐Garsubellin A
Authors: Jang Dongseok , Choi Minchul , Chen Jinglong , Lee Chulbom 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGarsubellin A is a meroterpene capable of enhancing the enzyme choline acetyltransferase whose decreased level is believed to play a central role in the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. Due to the potentially useful biological activity together with the novel bridged and fused cyclic molecular architecture, garsubellin A has garnered substantial synthetic interest, but its absolute stereostructure has been undetermined. We report here the first enantioselective total synthesis of (+)‐garsubellin A. Our synthesis relies on stereoselective fashioning of a cyclohexanone framework and double conjugate addition of 1,2‐ethanedithiol that promotes aldol cyclization to build the bicyclic [3.3.1] skeleton. The twelve‐step, protecting group‐free synthetic route has enabled the syntheses of both the natural (−)‐garsubellin A and its unnatural (+)‐antipode for biological evaluations.
Visible‐Light‐Driven Catalytic Deracemization of Secondary Alcohols
Authors: Zhang Zhikun , Hu Xile 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDeracemization of racemic chiral compounds is an attractive approach in asymmetric synthesis, but its development has been hindered by energetic and kinetic challenges. Here we describe a catalytic deracemization method for secondary benzylic alcohols which are important synthetic intermediates and end products for many industries. Driven by visible light only, this method is based on sequential photochemical dehydrogenation followed by enantioselective thermal hydrogenation. The combination of a heterogeneous dehydrogenation photocatalyst and a chiral molecular hydrogenation catalyst is essential to ensure two distinct pathways for the forward and reverse reactions. These reactions convert a large number of racemic aryl alkyl alcohols into their enantiomerically enriched forms in good yields and enantioselectivities.
Dead or alive — Old empty shells do not prompt false‐positive results in environmental DNA surveys targeting the freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera L.)
Authors: Rasmussen Jes Jessen , Andersen Liselotte Wesley , Johnsen Trine Just , Thaulow Jens , d'Auriac Marc Anglès , Thomsen Søren Nøhr , Hesselsøe Martin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Environmental DNA (eDNA) from water samples is increasingly used to detect the presence and distribution of species in aquatic ecosystems. However, before implementing eDNA in monitoring programmes, various species‐specific sampling or analytical issues remain to be resolved in order to minimize frequencies of false‐positive and ‐negative results. For example, empty shells from freshwater pearl mussels (Margaritifera margaritifera) contain extractable DNA (chemical extraction from ground‐up shells) suggesting a risk of false‐positive samples at stream sites with extinct populations but with empty shell material remaining.
The aim of this study was to investigate whether empty and naturally degrading shells from M. margaritifera can cause false‐positive eDNA signals in water samples.
Water samples were collected from outdoor stream channels (in Lemming, Denmark) with living freshwater pearl mussels or empty shell material (density ~10 individuals m−2) during a 3‐week experimental period. Living freshwater pearl mussels were collected from Hemgravs stream in Sweden and transported to Denmark according to permissions granted by the Swedish and Danish authorities.
All water samples from stream channels containing empty shells were negative for eDNA indicating that eDNA traces in stream water are most likely to originate from living individuals located upstream of the sampling site. Water samples collected from stream channels containing living individuals of M. margaritifera were consistently positive for eDNA except for one sample (interpreted as a false negative).
The study shows that positive eDNA signals for freshwater pearl mussels most likely reflect the presence of living individuals. Consequently, we suggest that eDNA should be used to locate remaining population fragments of M. margaritifera in deep and turbulent streams, providing a platform for faster and more efficient decision making when launching investigative and mitigation initiatives.
Global patterns of breast cancer incidence and mortality: A population‐based cancer registry data analysis from 2000 to 2020
Authors: Lei Shaoyuan , Zheng Rongshou , Zhang Siwei , Wang Shaoming , Chen Ru , Sun Kexin , Zeng Hongmei , Zhou Jiachen , Wei Wenqiang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundBreast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide but has patterns and trends which vary in different countries. This study aimed to evaluate the global patterns of breast cancer incidence and mortality and analyze its temporal trends for breast cancer prevention and control.MethodsBreast cancer incidence and mortality data in 2020 were obtained from the GLOBOCAN online database. Continued data from the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Time Trends, the International Agency for Research on cancer mortality and China National Central Cancer Registry were used to analyze the time trends from 2000 to 2015 through Joinpoint regression, and annual average percent changes of breast cancer incidence and mortality were calculated. Association between Human Development Index and breast cancer incidence and mortality were estimated by linear regression.ResultsThere were approximately 2.3 million new breast cancer cases and 685,000 breast cancer deaths worldwide in 2020. Its incidence and mortality varied among countries, with the age‐standardized incidence ranging from the highest of 112.3 per 100,000 population in Belgium to the lowest of 35.8 per 100,000 population in Iran, and the age‐standardized mortality from the highest of 41.0 per 100,000 population in Fiji to the lowest of 6.4 per 100,000 population in South Korea. The peak age of breast cancer in some Asian and African countries were over 10 years earlier than in European or American countries. As for the trends of breast cancer, the age‐standardized incidence rates significantly increased in China and South Korea but decreased in the United States of America (USA) during 2000‐2012. Meanwhile, the age‐standardized mortality rates significantly increased in China and South Korea but decreased in the United Kingdom, the USA, and Australia during 2000 and 2015.ConclusionsThe global burden of breast cancer is rising fast and varies greatly among countries. The incidence and mortality rates of breast cancer increased rapidly in China and South Korea but decreased in the USA. Increased health awareness, effective prevention strategies, and improved access to medical treatment are extremely important to curb the snowballing breast cancer burden, especially in the most affected countries.
Can digital innovation be helpful to counselling and psychotherapy in low‐ and middle‐income countries? The case of Ghana
Authors: Okyere‐Twum Ernest 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe delivery of psychotherapy and counselling through digital innovation has become an expanding medium, reaching many patients. Today, technological knowledge is crucial for every profession and sector, especially in this era of the COVID‐19 pandemic.The aim of this study was to review and synthesise key literature on how technologically mediated therapy (TMT) can be used to address the challenges around mental health and well‐being within low‐ and middle‐income countries like Ghana.This is a narrative literature review that analysed literature pertaining to mental health and well‐being in Ghana. Two hundred and twenty‐three (223) articles were consulted. Of these, 70 articles were retained to respond to the aim of the review. The selection and extraction of data were based on the following criteria—the quality of reportage, the robustness of study design and the reliability and validity of data collected.Research shows that TMT offers an effective alternative approach in dealing with mental health and well‐being challenges. Instead of the traditional face‐to‐face intervention, TMT has the capacity to reach a greater proportion of a population, ensure the dissemination of large amounts of health information and support the mental health workforce. These were chosen as key themes and discussed in line with key literature that addresses the review's objective.In summary, TMT has the capacity to meet Ghana's mental health needs. Implementing the findings will require, amongst other things, the ethical responsibility of counsellors and psychotherapists to safeguard confidential information shared by patients.
B4GALNT2 Controls Sda and SLex Antigen Biosynthesis in Healthy and Cancer Human Colon
Authors: Groux‐Degroote Sophie , Vicogne Dorothée , Cogez Virginie , Schulz Céline , Harduin‐Lepers Anne 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Sda carbohydrate antigen and the corresponding biosynthetic enzyme B4GALNT2 are primarily expressed in human normal colonic mucosa and are down‐regulated to variable degrees in colon cancer. On the other hand, the tumor associated antigen SLex is not detected in the healthy colon and is upregulated in colon cancer. High level of B4GALNT2 gene expression appears to be a good marker of prognosis in colon cancer; however, the molecular mechanisms regulating these carbohydrate antigens’ expression are still poorly understood. We review here the most recent progress made towards understanding this balanced expression of blood group carbohydrate epitopes Sda and SLex. In particular in recent years, we have attained a better understanding of genetic and epigenetic regulation of the B4GALNT2 gene and of the subcellular fate of B4GALNT2 isoforms.
Rituximab‐induced acute lympholysis and pancytopenia after COVID‐19 vaccination
Authors: Leung Victoria S. , Lin Yuankai 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRituximab and COVID‐19 vaccine can cause massive hyperacute depletion of B cells and plasma cells, as well as subsequent cytokine release syndrome, coagulopathy, and pancytopenia. These effects differ from the adverse effects that have been reported for rituximab, and new guidelines regarding the timing of rituximab infusion and vaccination are urgently needed.
Favipiravir‐induced nephrotoxicity in a patient with COVID‐19: A case report
Authors: Abdelbary Asmaa A. , Alharafsheh Ahmad E. , Ahmed Afif , Nashwan Abdulqadir J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis report describes a case of 45 years old male patient who tested positive for COVID‐19 presented to the emergency department on March 2021 complaining of fever, cough, runny nose, and shortness of breath. The patient denied any history of nausea or diarrhea who has eventually developed favipiravir‐induced nephrotoxicity.
Progressive abdominal pain in a 63‐year‐old man
Authors: Zdanyte Monika , Witzel Katja , Rath Dominik , Grözinger Gerd , Kreißelmeier Klaus‐Peter , Hoffmann Rüdiger , Gawaz Meinrad 
Published: August 2021

Abstract50%–60% of patients with chronic mesenteric ischemia suffer from concomitant cardiovascular disease. We therefore suggest an extensive diagnostic screening to detect coronary artery and peripheral arterial disease in these patients.
Bilateral juxtapapillary choroidal neovascularization secondary to Birdshot chorioretinopathy—case report
Authors: Vidas Pauk Sania , Vukojević Nenad , Jandroković Sonja , Kalauz Miro , Tomić Martina , Masnec Sanja , Škegro Ivan , Mrazovac Zimak Danijela 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCentral vision loss, photopsia, floaters, and macular edema in a highly myopic patient can easily be misinterpreted as high myopia complications. In atypical cases, detailed examination and a thorough diagnostic workup are required to establish the proper diagnosis, which is often beyond the scope of diagnoses initially considered.
Non‐traumatic myositis ossificans of the Right masseter muscle: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Sharifi Reza , Kamali Hakim Lotfollah , Hasani Mehraban Saeed , Asadi Amirali 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMyositis ossificans (MO) is a rare disease in which ossification develops in the muscle or soft tissue. MO traumatica is recognized by ossification of the soft tissues after acute or repetitive trauma, burns, or surgical procedures. It usually involves the extremity muscles. In the head and neck region, the masseter is most commonly involved in MO traumatica. Surgical resection of the ossified tissue has been the most commonly used treatment for this disorder, with a high postoperative recurrence rate. We report a case of non‐traumatic MO of the Masseter muscle with different size round calcifications and to review the literature reported data about MO traumatica involving the masseter muscle.
Non‐dissecting large thoracic aortic aneurysm leading to chronic aortic insufficiency presenting as acute heart failure
Authors: Bae Ju Young , Teng Catherine , Hussein Khalil I. , Steinhardt Meyer J. , Howes Christopher 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLarge, non‐dissecting thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA) up to 13 cm in size are typically found in elderly patients with non‐specific respiratory symptoms yet must be detected quickly due to their mortality risk. We present a 31‐year‐old man with exertional dyspnea secondary to aortic insufficiency from a 9.4 cm TAA.
Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis and Hepatitis C—a case report and literature review
Authors: Adil Mohammad , Jensen‐Fangel Søren , Gammelgaard Lise , Petersen Thor 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTractopathy lesions in the spinal cord associated with HCV infection, which normalized on MRI after antiviral treatment, are described. These specific MRI findings can be used in the diagnosis and treatment of secondary causes of transverse myelitis.
Developmental outcomes in a child with corpus callosum abnormalities and congenital heart disease after Cuevas Medek Exercises: A case report
Authors: Ramires de Oliveira Gabriela , Fabris Vidal Marcelo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCuevas Medek Exercises (CME) stimulate active exercises, minimize handlings, and harness scientific parameters to promote neuroplasticity, shifting paradigms in pediatric rehabilitation. Distinct CME protocols had positive outcomes in a child with corpus callosum abnormalities and comorbidities indicating its potential as a research topic and in treating developmental motor delays.
Recurrent pneumonia with persistent peripheral eosinophilia: Idiopathic chronic eosinophilic pneumonia
Authors: Wolfley Graey , Essien Francis , Untisz John 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAlthough ICEP is an exceptionally rare disease, it is potentially overlooked and misdiagnosed. This case highlights the importance of peripheral eosinophilia in raising suspicion for ICEP. Without treatment, majority of patients fail to improve.
Left atrial intramural hematoma after percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Takaki Jun , Yoshinaga Takashi , Nishigawa Kosaku , Okamoto Ken , Fukui Toshihiro 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLeft atrial intramural hematoma is a rare complication of percutaneous coronary intervention. The combination treatment with surgery and interventional therapy is one of therapeutic options.
Nano‐MOF‐5 (Zn) Derived Porous Carbon as Support Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Nivetha Ravi , Gothandapani Kannan , Raghavan Vimala , Van Le Quyet , Pitchaimuthu Sudhagar , Muthuramamoorty Muthumareeswaran , Pandiaraj Saravanan , Alodhayb Abdullah , Kwan Jeong Soon , Nirmala Grace Andrews 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe design of an efficient electrocatalyst with controlled morphology and structural characteristics remain a challenging task for advanced electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein a simple method is utilized to improve the HER activity by introducing Fe/Pt bimetallic nanoparticles supported on highly porous carbon (PC) viz. one step carbonization of Nano‐MOF‐5(Zn) as precursor (metal organic framework). The as prepared Nano MOF‐5(Zn), Fe/Pt−PC and PC derived from MOF were characterized by various techniques like X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, BET (nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms) and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM). The developed Fe−Pt/PC exhibits an optimal HER performance with low overpotential (85.4 mV) and a Tafel slope of 42.4 mV dec−1. The electrochemical results show that the developed material provides a viable approach for developing inexpensive Pt‐based catalyst for HER.
Acid‐Base and Anion Binding Properties of Tetrafluorinated 1,3‐Benzodiazole, 1,2,3‐Benzotriazole and 2,1,3‐Benzoselenadiazole
Authors: Parman Elisabeth , Lõkov Märt , Järviste Robert , Tshepelevitsh Sofja , Semenov Nikolay A. , Chulanova Elena A. , Salnikov Georgy E. , Prima Darya O. , Slizhov Yuri G. , Leito Ivo , Zibarev Andrey V. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe influence of fluorination on the acid‐base properties and the capacity of structurally related 6–5 bicyclic compounds – 1,3‐benzodiazole 1, 1,2,3‐benzotriazole 2 and 2,1,3‐benzoselenadiazole 3 to σ‐hole interactions, i. e. hydrogen (1 and 2) and chalcogen (3) bondings, is studied experimentally and computationally. The tetrafluorination increases the Brønsted acidity of the diazole and triazole scaffolds and the Lewis acidity of selenadiazole scaffold decreases the basicity. Increased Brønsted acidity facilitates anion binding via the formation of hydrogen bonds; particularly, tetrafluorinated derivative of 1 (compound 4) binds Cl−. Increased Lewis acidity of tetrafluorinated derivative of 3 (compound 10), however, is not enough for binding with Cl− and F− via chalcogen bonds in contrast to previously studied Te analog of 10. It is suggested that the maximum positive values of molecular electrostatic potential at the σ‐holes, VS,max, can be a reasonable metric for design and synthesis of new anion receptors with selenadiazole‐diazole/triazole hybrids as a special target. Related chlorinated compounds are also discussed.
Analysis of Radiation‐Induced Changes in Cell Cycle and DNA Damage of Murine Hematopoietic Stem Cells by Multi‐Color Flow Cytometry
Authors: Majumdar Debajyoti , Pietras Eric M. , Pawar Snehalata A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractExposure of bone marrow to genotoxic stress such as ionizing radiation (IR) results in a rapid decline of peripheral blood cells and stimulates entry of the normally quiescent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) into the cell cycle to reconstitute the hematopoietic system. While several protocols have employed flow cytometry analysis of bone marrow cells to study changes in specific cell populations with respect to cell cycle proliferation and/or expression of γ‐H2AX, a marker of DNA damage, these parameters were examined in separate panels. Here, we describe a flow cytometry‐based method specifically designed to examine cell cycle distribution using Ki‐67 and FXCycle violet in combination with γ‐H2AX in HSCs and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) within the same sample. This method is very useful, particularly in studies involving genotoxic stresses such as IR, which substantially reduce the absolute numbers of HSCs and HPCs available for staining. Additionally, we describe several important considerations for the analysis of markers of HSCs in irradiated versus unirradiated samples. Examples include the use of fluorescence minus one (FMO) controls, the gating strategy for markers whose expression is typically impacted by IR such as Sca1, tips for staining of intracellular antigens like Ki67, and ensuring the detection of signal from at least 500 events in each gate to ensure robustness of the results. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol: Immunostaining protocol for bone marrow mononuclear cells using a multi‐fluorophore panel
Long‐term development of species richness in a central European beech (Fagus sylvatica) forest affected by windthrow—Support for the intermediate disturbance hypothesis?
Authors: Meyer Peter , Schmidt Marcus , Feldmann Eike , Willig Jürgen , Larkin Robert 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOn the basis of long‐term surveys of permanent plots and traps, we examined the communities of saproxylic beetles, fungi, herbs, and trees on an untreated 22 ha large beech forest windthrow and asked whether the results lend support to the intermediate disturbance hypothesis (IDH). We studied species richness and the similarity of community composition. Additionally, we grouped species by their frequency trend over time to successional model types to examine whether, corresponding to the IDH, the diversity of these groups explained peak richness at intermediate intervals after the disturbance. In line with the IDH, species richness showed a hump‐backed temporal course for alpha and gamma diversity. We found evidence for a linear succession directly after the disturbance. This, however, did not continue, and in all species groups, a partial recovery of the initial community was observed. In the case of fungi, herbs, and trees, but not for saproxylic beetles, alpha diversity was driven by the diversity of the successional model types. Our results underline that the mechanisms driving species richness after disturbances are more complex than the IDH suggests and that these mechanisms vary with species group. We assumed that, besides competition, legacy effects, facilitation, habitat heterogeneity, and random saturation of the species pool are important. In case of trees and herbs, we found indications for strong legacy and competition effects. For fungi and beetles, substrate heterogeneity and microclimate were assumed to be important. We concluded that disturbances contribute to increasing species richness not only by reducing the effectiveness of competitors but also by increasing the amount and diversity of resources, as well as their rate of change over time.
Writing mathematical ecology: A guide for authors and readers
Authors: Shoemaker Lauren G. , Walter Jonathan A. , Gherardi Laureano A. , DeSiervo Melissa H. , Wisnoski Nathan I. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMathematical techniques have a long and rich history in ecology, often serving as a virtual laboratory to test hypotheses, generate novel predictions, and investigate underlying ecological mechanisms. Recently, novel simulation techniques, advances in computing power, and numerical methods for implementing statistical models have significantly advanced our ability to integrate empirical and theoretical ecology. However, a divide still remains between mathematical and empirical studies, their readership, and integration into the broader literature. Because insights from mathematical ecology are far more general than the techniques employed, limitations in communicating mathematical advances to a broad spectrum of ecologists have arguably hindered ecology's progress, particularly in confronting theoretical predictions with empirical experiments and data. Here, we present a guide for both authors and readers of mathematical ecology, with the aim of increasing the accessibility of mathematical ecology for a broad group of ecologists. We provide a list of best practices when both writing and reading mathematical ecology, incorporating examples from this Special Feature of Ecosphere. This guide complements current guides for writing science, focusing specifically on effective communication of mathematics.