bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examination of all‐sky infrared radiance simulation of Himawari‐8 for global data assimilation and model verification
Authors: Okamoto Kozo , Hayashi Masahiro , Hashino Tempei , Nakagawa Masayuki , Okuyama Arata 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe systematic difference between observations and simulation from weather forecast model hampers effective data assimilation and model improvement. The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics and cause of the systematic difference or observation‐minus‐background (O − B) bias for all‐sky infrared radiances of the Himawari‐8 satellite, and propose data assimilation preprocessings and model verification. The O − B bias in cloudy scenes showed substantial negative values because of the shortage of high‐altitude clouds generated in the forecast model. Additionally, a positive bias appeared for thin ice clouds because of the excessive absorption of radiative transfer models (RTMs). These biases were traced based on a bottom‐up approach investigating individual uncertainty of RTMs, observation calibration, and the forecast model using two RTMs, reference hyperspectral sounders and synergetic measurements of CloudSat and CALIPSO. Based on these findings, data assimilation preprocessing such as quality‐control procedures excluding samples that models poorly reproduced was developed. Although the quality controls reduced the number of biased samples, non‐negligible O − B biases remained. Possible problems and treatments for the biases were discussed, including bias correction, observation error inflation, and correction of the cloud effect parameter. The O–B statistics also suggested insufficient representation of the diurnal variation in the cloud fraction in the tropics. Modified physical processes in the forecast model to increase ice clouds were tested to help improve the model bias and develop data assimilation. This trial indicated the difficulty in improving both O − B bias and variance and the necessity of adjusting the cloud effect parameters in data assimilation.
Influence on structural, electronic and optical properties of Fe doped ZnS quantum dot: A density functional theory based study
Authors: Momin Md. Abdul , Islam Md. Aminul , Majumdar Abhijit 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the tunability of the fluorescence capacity of ZnS quantum dot (QD) after the effective doping of transition metal iron (Fe) have been studied. The structural, electronic, and optical properties have been optimized for pure and Fe doped ZnS QDs by using local density approximation in density functional theory framework. The optimized lattice volumes show a reasonable agreement with previously obtained experimental and theoretical data for both the doped and un‐doped system. As Fe is doped to ZnS, the crystal system transforms from cubic to tetragonal structure with an increased lattice volume compared to the pure system and exhibits a narrow band gap with a negative value. Moreover, the absorption peak is broadened in the ultraviolet to the blue (visible) region and it shows a low intense peak in the infrared region. These results indicate the increase of fluorescence capacity that may be expected to apply for rapid detection of virus‐like as SARS CoV‐2.
Macroinvertebrate drift patterns in the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers: Implications for Scaphirhynchus sturgeon conservation efforts
Authors: Cogar Madison C. , Kim Hae H. , Haupt Kevin J. , Phelps Quinton E. , Henry Donovan B. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMacroinvertebrates are important prey to various fishes at all life stages and in particular, Scaphirhynchus sturgeon species. Specifically, shovelnose sturgeon and pallid sturgeon survival and growth may be influenced by macroinvertebrate availability. We examined macroinvertebrate catch rates longitudinally (i.e., upstream to downstream), laterally (i.e., across the width of the river), and vertically (i.e., in the water column) to assess spatiotemporal drift patterns. A total of 3,414 samples were collected from April 15 to June 14 in 2018. Overall, 362,000 m3 of Missouri and Mississippi River water was filtered during sampling, and 72,216 macroinvertebrates were captured. Trichoptera comprised 75% of the total macroinvertebrate drift sampled, while Diptera (9%), Ephemeroptera (13%), and Plecoptera (2%), comprised a much smaller portion. The average number per day of drifting invertebrates (i.e., Diptera, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera) ranged from 6.8 million/d to 36.4 million/d. We found that catch rates of drifting macroinvertebrates differed among site, dates, and position in the water column. Furthermore, of the five a priori models that we developed, the interaction of spatial variables coupled with the temporal variable best describes variability in macroinvertebrate catch rates throughout our study. Efforts to increase macroinvertebrate habitat may provide additional prey resources for Scaphirhynchus sturgeon. Previous studies have demonstrated greater macroinvertebrate diversity and density in unchannelized rivers. The section of river from the Missouri River confluence downstream to the Mosenthein Island complex is unchannelized and may be a good candidate for habitat restoration. Increasing macroinvertebrate abundance and diversity may positively influence Scaphirhynchus sturgeon.
Start with “Why,” but only if you have to: The strategic framing of novel ideas across different audiences
Authors: Falchetti Denise , Cattani Gino , Ferriani Simone 
Published: August 2021

AbstractResearch SummaryBuilding on social psychology research and entrepreneurship work on linguistic framing, we argue that the appreciation of novel ideas varies with the mental construal that members of different audiences use to evaluate them. Specifically, we theorize that the congruency between idea framing and audiences' mental construals depends on audiences' level of expertise in evaluating novel ideas. In four experiments, we found that innovators benefit from deploying framing strategies congruent with audiences' mental construals: novices (e.g., lay people, crowdfunders) appreciate more novel ideas framed in abstract why terms, while experts (e.g., professional investors, innovation managers) novel ideas framed in concrete how terms. Integrating the strategic framing of novel ideas with construal level theory and audience heterogeneity contributes to research on entrepreneurship, innovation, and impression management.Managerial SummaryOne of the critical challenges that innovators (e.g., entrepreneurs) face is to persuade relevant audiences (e.g., users, crowdfunders, professional investors, and innovation managers) to support their novel ideas. This article integrates various literatures concerned with the evaluation of novelty to examine the impact of different framing strategies on the reception of novel ideas by different audiences. By demonstrating that the framing of a novel business idea affects audience members' evaluation, and that the effectiveness of different frames (why vs. how) varies with the target audiences (novices vs. experts), we offer actionable insights into how innovators can strategically use linguistic framing to increase the likelihood of eliciting favorable evaluations and resource commitment for their ideas.
Recent advances on electrochemical methods in fabricating two‐dimensional organic‐ligand‐containing frameworks
Authors: Wang Xiang , She Pengfei , Zhang Qichun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOrganic‐ligand‐containing frameworks have drawn considerable attention due to their multifunctional properties as well as tunable structures for broad applications. Among numerous synthesis methods developed in the past two decades, electrochemical processing has been demonstrated as one of the most efficient, safe, and facile ways to realize the large‐scale and highly controllable production of organic‐ligand‐containing frameworks. In this review, the progress of electrochemically induced crystallization and thin film fabrication of organic‐ligand‐containing frameworks is summarized in a well‐rounded way. Besides, the mechanism and processing parameters are also discussed. Moreover, the main challenges are also expounded for providing some guidance on the future development of organic‐ligand‐containing frameworks, especially for covalent‐organic frameworks and hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks.
Erweiterung der Ermüdungsbemessung von K‐Knoten aus Hohlprofilen
Authors: Hrabowski Jennifer , Herion Stefan , Ummenhofer Thomas , Ladendorf Philipp , Pijpers Richard 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIm Hohlprofilfachwerkbau ist der K‐Knoten mit Spalt die bevorzugte Knotenkonfiguration. Zunehmend werden auch ermüdungsbeanspruchte Fachwerke aus hochfesten Stahlgüten und mit größeren Wanddicken gebaut. Die Ermüdungsbemessung von Hohlprofil‐K‐Knoten nach dem Nennspannungskonzept berücksichtigt die Wanddicke der Bauteile, die in der aktuellen Normung auf max. 8 mm begrenzt ist. Die Bemessungsregeln auf Basis von Strukturspannungen beruhen auf numerischen Studien oder auf Versuchen an normalfesten Stählen und dünnwandigen Profilen. Zur leichteren Anwendung und Bemessung von K‐Knoten aus Hohlprofilen mit größerer Wanddicke und aus höherfesten Stahlgüten werden Empfehlungen ausgesprochen, um die bestehenden Bemessungsregeln anzupassen und zu erweitern.
$$ t\overline{t}b\overline{b} $$ at the LHC: on the size of corrections and b-jet definitions
Authors: Bevilacqua Giuseppe , Bi Huan-Yu , Hartanto Heribertus Bayu , Kraus Manfred , Lupattelli Michele , Worek Malgorzata 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We report on the calculation of the next-to-leading order QCD corrections to the production of a $$ t\overline{t} $$
t

t
¯

pair in association with two heavy-flavour jets. We concentrate on the di-lepton $$ t\overline{t} $$
t

t
¯

decay channel at the LHC with $$ \sqrt{s} $$

s

= 13 TeV. The computation is based on pp → e+νeμ−$$ \overline{\nu} $$

ν
¯

μ$$ b\overline{b}b\overline{b} $$
b

b
¯

b

b
¯

matrix elements and includes all resonant and non-resonant diagrams, interferences and off-shell effects of the top quark and the W gauge boson. As it is customary for such studies, results are presented in the form of inclusive and differential fiducial cross sections. We extensively investigate the dependence of our results upon variation of renormalisation and factorisation scales and parton distribution functions in the quest for an accurate estimate of the theoretical uncertainties. We additionally study the impact of the contributions induced by the bottom-quark parton density. Results presented here are particularly relevant for measurements of $$ t\overline{t}H $$
t

t
¯

H
(H → $$ b\overline{b} $$
b

b
¯

) and the determination of the Higgs coupling to the top quark. In addition, they might be used for precise measurements of the top-quark fiducial cross sections and to investigate top-quark decay modelling at the LHC.
Conformal manifolds and 3d mirrors of Argyres-Douglas theories
Authors: Carta Federico , Giacomelli Simone , Mekareeya Noppadol , Mininno Alessandro 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Argyres-Douglas theories constitute an important class of superconformal field theories in 4d. The main focus of this paper is on two infinite families of such theories, known as $$ {D}_p^b $$

D
p
b

(SO(2N)) and (Am, Dn). We analyze in depth their conformal manifolds. In doing so we encounter several theories of class 𝒮 of twisted Aodd, twisted Aeven and twisted D types associated with a sphere with one twisted irregular puncture and one twisted regular puncture. These models include Dp(G) theories, with G non-simply-laced algebras. A number of new properties of such theories are discussed in detail, along with new SCFTs that arise from partially closing the twisted regular puncture. Moreover, we systematically present the 3d mirror theories, also known as the magnetic quivers, for the $$ {D}_p^b $$

D
p
b

(SO(2N)) theories, with p ≥ b, and the (Am, Dn) theories, with arbitrary m and n. We also discuss the 3d reduction and mirror theories of certain $$ {D}_p^b $$

D
p
b

(SO(2N)) theories, with p < b, where the former arises from gauging topological symmetries of some $$ {T}_p^{\sigma } $$

T
p
σ

[SO(2M)] theories that are not manifest in the Lagrangian description of the latter.
Multiple iliopsoas tendons: a cadaveric study and treatment implications for internal snapping hip syndrome
Authors: Lin Benjamin , Bartlett Jonathan , Lloyd Thomas D. , Challoumas Dimitris , Brassett Cecilia , Khanduja Vikas 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
This cadaveric study aimed at describing the anatomical variations of the iliopsoas complex.

Methods
The iliopsoas complex was dissected unilaterally in 28 formalin-embalmed cadavers—13 males and 15 females with a mean age of 85.6 years. The number, courses and widths of the iliacus and psoas major tendons were determined. Patients with previous hip surgery were excluded. The following measurements were taken from the mid-inguinal point: the distance to the point of union of the psoas major and iliacus tendon; and the distance to the most distal insertion of iliopsoas.

Results
The presence of single, double and triple tendon insertions of iliopsoas were found in 12, 12 and 4 of the 28 specimens, respectively. When present, double and triple tendons inserted separately onto the lesser trochanter. The average length of the iliopsoas tendon from the mid-inguinal point to the most distal attachment at the lesser trochanter was 122.3 ± 13.0 mm. The iliacus muscle bulk merged with psoas major at an average distance of 24.9 ± 17.9 mm proximal to the mid-inguinal point. In all cases, the lateral-most fibres of iliacus yielded a non-tendinous, muscular insertion on to the anterior surface of the lesser trochanter and the femoral shaft, rather than joining onto the main iliopsoas tendon(s). The average total width of the psoas major tendon decreased with an increasing number of tendons: 14.6 ± 2.2 mm (single tendon), 8.2 ± 3.0 mm (2 tendons present) and 5.9 ± 1.1 mm (3 tendons present) (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
The results of this study suggest that multiple tendinous insertions of iliopsoas are present as an anatomical variant in more than 50% of the population. The non-tendinous muscular insertion of the iliopsoas on to the anterior surface of the lesser trochanter and femoral shaft found represents a novel anatomical variant not previously described.

Level of evidence
Level V
Prevalence and predictors of bowel dysfunction in a large multiple sclerosis outpatient population: an Italian multicenter study
Authors: Alvino Bisecco , Arianna Fornasiero , Assunta Bianco , Antonio Cortese , Emanuele d’Amico , Giorgia Mataluni , Leonardo Sinisi , Daniele Spitaleri , Renato Docimo , Buscarinu Maria Chiara , Massimiliano Mirabella , Crisafulli Sebastiano Giuseppe , Aurora Zanghì , Gabri Nicoletti Carolina , Marco Salvetti , Viola Baione , Francesco Patti , Marfia Alessandra Girolama , Grazia Sibilia , Valentina Scarano , Davide Orlando , Giovanni Stabile , Gioacchino Tedeschi , Gallo Antonio 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Bowel dysfunction (BD) is reported as a common and disabling symptom in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. To date, no studies have explored the prevalence of these symptoms in a large multicenter outpatient setting. The aims of the present study are to assess: (i) the prevalence of BD in a large multicenter Italian MS population, and (ii) the correlation between clinico-demographic variables and the severity of BD.

Methods
Each of the nine participating center screened MS patients prospectively: 1100 subjects were enrolled. All patients underwent the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and completed the Neurogenic Bowel Dysfunction score (NBDs). Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were used to assess the association between NBDs and several clinico-demographic variables.

Results
Fourteen percent of MS patients showed a moderate/severe BD (NBDs > 10); this percentage increased in patients with high disability, ranging from 26 to 32%. Moderate/severe BD was more frequent in MS patients with: progressive phenotypes, higher disability, older age, and longer disease duration. NBDs severity was predicted by female sex, ambulation impairment and bladder symptoms.

Conclusion
This study confirms the relatively high prevalence of moderate/severe BD in a large, multicenter, unselected, outpatient MS population. BD appears to be mainly associated to female sex and MS-related disability.
The connections of neocortical pyramidal cells can implement the learning of new categories, attractor memory, and top–down recall and attention
Authors: Rolls Edmund T. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNeocortical pyramidal cells have three key classes of excitatory input: forward inputs from the previous cortical area (or thalamus); recurrent collateral synapses from nearby pyramidal cells; and backprojection inputs from the following cortical area. The neocortex performs three major types of computation: (1) unsupervised learning of new categories, by allocating neurons to respond to combinations of inputs from the preceding cortical stage, which can be performed using competitive learning; (2) short-term memory, which can be performed by an attractor network using the recurrent collaterals; and (3) recall of what has been learned by top–down backprojections from the following cortical area. There is only one type of excitatory neuron involved, pyramidal cells, with these three types of input. It is proposed, and tested by simulations of a neuronal network model, that pyramidal cells can implement all three types of learning simultaneously, and can subsequently usefully categorise the forward inputs; keep them active in short-term memory; and later recall the representations using the backprojection input. This provides a new approach to understanding how one type of excitatory neuron in the neocortex can implement these three major types of computation, and provides a conceptual advance in understanding how the cerebral neocortex may work.
Human primary visual cortex shows larger population receptive fields for binocular disparity-defined stimuli
Authors: Alvarez Ivan , Hurley Samuel A. , Parker Andrew J. , Bridge Holly 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe visual perception of 3D depth is underpinned by the brain’s ability to combine signals from the left and right eyes to produce a neural representation of binocular disparity for perception and behaviour. Electrophysiological studies of binocular disparity over the past 2 decades have investigated the computational role of neurons in area V1 for binocular combination, while more recent neuroimaging investigations have focused on identifying specific roles for different extrastriate visual areas in depth perception. Here we investigate the population receptive field properties of neural responses to binocular information in striate and extrastriate cortical visual areas using ultra-high field fMRI. We measured BOLD fMRI responses while participants viewed retinotopic mapping stimuli defined by different visual properties: contrast, luminance, motion, correlated and anti-correlated stereoscopic disparity. By fitting each condition with a population receptive field model, we compared quantitatively the size of the population receptive field for disparity-specific stimulation. We found larger population receptive fields for disparity compared with contrast and luminance in area V1, the first stage of binocular combination, which likely reflects the binocular integration zone, an interpretation supported by modelling of the binocular energy model. A similar pattern was found in region LOC, where it may reflect the role of disparity as a cue for 3D shape. These findings provide insight into the binocular receptive field properties underlying processing for human stereoscopic vision.
Wie klingt die Maschine am Umrichter? Schnelle Berechnung und Auralisierung des Körperschalls
Authors: Hanke Martin , Wibbeler Jürgen 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Vibrationen des Motorgehäuses als Quellen für den Körperschall elektrischer Maschinen sind zu großen Teilen bestimmt durch die Art der Ansteuerung im Umrichter, Frequenz und Tastverhältnis der PWM oder der Regelung. Im etablierten Workflow der Berechnung werden eine Periode der Maschine mittels FEM analysiert, die Anregungskräfte extrahiert und in der strukturmechanischen FEM-Analyse deren Fourier-Transformierte im Frequenzbereich zur Berechnung des Körperschalls verwendet. Für transiente Vorgänge wie schnelle Drehzahl- oder Pulsmusterwechsel ist das Verfahren ungeeignet. Mit größer werdender PWM-Frequenz wird auch das periodische Intervall so viele Zeitschritte erfordern, dass die FEM-basierte Feldberechnung zu lange dauert.Wir stellen ein Verfahren vor, welches die Maschine ausgehend vom FEM-Modell in ein reduziertes Modell überführt. Dieses enthält Terminals für Wicklungsströme und Rotordrehung als elektromechanische Größen und liefert weiterhin die momentanen Koeffizienten der Luftspaltkraftwellen als Ausgabegrößen. Das strukturmechanische Modell des Gehäuses wird mittels modaler Projektion auf ein Zustandsraummodell reduziert, dessen Terminals einerseits die Luftspaltkraftwellen aufnehmen und andererseits die Vibrationsmoden repräsentieren.Die Verhaltensmodelle werden in der Systemsimulation verknüpft. Aus den Resultaten für die Vibrationsmoden an der Oberfläche wird der zeitabhängige Schalldruck berechnet. Dieser wird als akustisches Signal hörbar gemacht. Statt Rechenzeiten im Stundenbereich für eine elektrische Periode zu benötigen, sind transiente Vorgänge mittels Systemsimulation in sehr kurzer Zeit hörbar und als Wasserfalldiagramm sichtbar zu machen.Eine geeignete Kombination von Reduktionsmethoden erlaubt die Reduktion des Antriebes auf eine Reihe von Verhaltensmodellen. Damit gestattet die schnelle Systemsimulation die Auralisierung von transienten Einflüssen der Ansteuerung der Maschine.
Das Präsentationsdiagramm „Massenanfall“ des Manchester-Triage-Systems
Authors: Kogej Monika , Kern Melina , Tralls Patric , Berger Moritz , Gräff Ingo 
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Ziel der Arbeit
Für die klinische Sichtung in der Zentralen Notaufnahme (ZNA) existiert bisher für den Massenanfall von Verletzten kein standardisierter Sichtungsalgorithmus. Mit dem Erscheinen der vierten überarbeiteten und erweiterten Auflage des Manchester-Triage-Systems (MTS) wird dem Nutzer ein spezielles Präsentationsdiagramm („Massenanfall“) angeboten. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde erstmalig das Präsentationsdiagramm „Massenanfall“ des MTS im klinischen Setting hinsichtlich seiner Güte untersucht.

Methodik
In der vorliegenden monozentrischen, prospektiven Studie wurden 215 traumatologische und 235 nichttraumatologische Patienten unter Verwendung des Präsentationsdiagramms „Massenanfall“ gesichtet und in eine der drei Sichtungskategorien (SK I–III) eingruppiert.

Ergebnisse
Das MTS-Diagramm stufte die traumatologische Kohorte in 80 % der Fälle korrekt ein. In 15,35 % erfolgte eine Über- und in 4,65 % eine Untertriage. Hierbei wurde eine Sensitivität/Spezifität von 84/99 % für die SK I, 87/78 % für SK II sowie 76/94 % für SK III erreicht. Die nichttraumatologischen Patienten wurden in 59,57 % korrekt kategorisiert sowie in 15,75 % über- und in 24,68 % untertriagiert. Die Sensitivität/Spezifität für SK I lag bei 50/95 %, für SK II bei 49/71 % und für SK III bei 73/65 %.

Diskussion
Zusammenfassend war der Algorithmus leicht und schnell anzuwenden und identifizierte traumatologische Patienten mit lebensbedrohlichen Verletzungen treffsicher. Es wurde aber auch deutlich, dass die Diskriminante „Gehfähigkeit“ zu Beginn der Sichtung bzw. rein physiologische Entscheidungskriterien mit einer schlechten Testgüte einhergingen. Nichttraumatologische Krankheitsbilder wurden qualitativ ungenügend kategorisiert.