bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Barrier Pillar Design in Longwall Mining with Top Coal Caving in Spontaneous Combustion Coal Seam
Authors: Fu Qiang , Yang Ke , Liu Qinjie , Liu Shuai , He Xiang , Lyu Xin 
Published: October 2021

Determining a reasonable barrier pillar along gob-side entry of spontaneous combustion coal seam is of great significance to the prevention of spontaneous combustion. In this paper, considering the actual situation of 4301 and 4302 working faces of II-class spontaneous combustion coal seam in Changheng Mine, the characteristics of rock mass collapse and mining-induced stress redistribution of barrier pillar and adjacent area were analyzed, the cusp catastrophe model of coal pillar instability and the theoretical model of limit width of coal pillar air leakage spontaneous combustion were established, and a measurement scheme of side abutment pressure in 4301 working face was carried out. The theoretical model of the coal pillar along the gob-side entry shows that its instability is related to density of overlying strata, physical and mechanical parameters of coal body, dip angle of coal seam and weak face, and buried depth and mining width of working face. And the coal pillar in 4302 working face will be unstable if the width

a
≤
6.8

m

. Field measured data shows that 2-8 m is the stress-relaxation area of side solid coal. Then, the width of coal pillar was determined as 7 m. The maximum displacement of rib-to-rib and roof-to-floor of 4302 tailentry was 520 mm and 280 mm, respectively. The coal spontaneous combustion (CSC) observation monitoring results showed that the carbon monoxide volume fraction was in the normal range during the entire process of mining, and no other signs of gas were found. The research results can provide a reference for the barrier pillar designing in the mines under similar conditions.
From Helsinki to “Mars”
Authors: Selvage Douglas 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
After the signing of the Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) at Helsinki on 1 August 1975, the Soviet Union sought to compel the West to accept its vision for détente. This meant, on the one hand, the acceptance of the political and social status quo within the Soviet bloc and, on the other hand, the “completion” of the existing political détente with “military détente”—namely, East-West arms control agreements that preserved or augmented existing Warsaw Pact advantages. To this end, the KGB and its Soviet-bloc partners undertook two parallel campaigns of active measures, “Synonym” and “Mars.” Despite tactical successes, both campaigns failed to achieve their goals. The United States, supported by other Western governments, continued to pressure the Eastern-bloc governments on human rights violations, and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) continued to modernize its forces in Europe, most importantly with the stationing of U.S. Euromissiles in 1983 in accordance with NATO's dual-track decision of December 1979.
Medical and social domains of ageing research in Singapore (2008–2018): a scoping review
Authors: Tam Chen Hee , Ho Elaine Qiao Ying , Hewage Sumali Subhashini , Tyagi Shilpa , Koh Gerald Choon Huat 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
This scoping review examined the number, types and characteristics of journal publications on ageing in Singapore from 2008 to 2018 to determine how ageing research in medical and social domains in Singapore has transformed over time.

Methods:
Using relevant search terms, articles were extracted from multiple databases and then screened and reviewed for eligibility and inclusion by independent reviewers. Data such as article title, authors, year of publication, name of journal, type of journal, study design and the kind of data used were charted from the included articles for evidence synthesis.

Results:
Since 2008, there has been a steady increase in the number of publications on ageing in medical and social domains in Singapore. In the medical domain, publications on Ophthalmology (22%) made up the largest proportion of the existing medical literature on ageing in Singapore, followed by Physical Functioning (17%), which involved physiological measurements of physical well-being, and Geriatrics (16%). Non-medical publications comprised 38% of all the included publications, with publications on the social aspects of ageing (43%) forming the largest group in this cluster, followed by publications on Prevention (19%) and Healthcare services (18%). The study design was mostly observational (82%), with only 3% of interventional studies.

Conclusion:
While ageing research had expanded in Singapore in the last decade, it was predominantly discipline specific and observational in design. As ageing issues are complex, with biology intersecting with psychology and sociology, we call for greater interdisciplinary collaboration, the conduct of more interventional studies, as well as more research in understudied and emerging areas.
Effect of body mass index on inpatient rehabilitation outcome after stroke in a Southeast Asian cohort: a prospective study
Authors: Jong Sze Chin , Fuentes Jovic Aguipo , Seow Angie En Qin , Lim Chien Joo , Chandran Gobinathan , Chua Karen Sui Geok 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
We examined the association between admission body mass index (BMI) and discharge rehabilitation functional outcome using the functional independence measure (FIM) in a Southeast Asian cohort of stroke patients during inpatient rehabilitation.

Methods:
A prospective, observational cohort study of stroke patients admitted to a single inpatient rehabilitation unit was conducted. Using the World Health Organization Asian standards, BMI was classified as underweight (<18.5 kg/m2), normal (18.5–22.9 kg/m2) and overweight (≥23 kg/m2). The primary outcome measure was discharge FIM, and secondary outcomes included FIM gain, FIM efficiency and FIM effectiveness.

Results:
Two hundred and forty-seven stroke subjects were enrolled. The mean age of the cohort was 59.48 (standard deviation [SD] 12.35) years; 64.4% (n = 159) were male and 52.6% (n = 130) had ischaemic stroke. The distributions of underweight, normal and overweight based on BMI on admission were 10.9% (n = 27), 33.2% (n = 82) and 55.9% (n = 138), respectively, and the distributions upon discharge were 11.7% (n = 29), 38.1% (n = 94) and 50.2% (n = 124), respectively. Significant small decreases in BMI from admission to discharge were found (median [interquartile range] 23.58 [23.40–24.70] vs. 23.12 [22.99–24.21]; P < 0.001). Similarly, clinically significant FIM gains (mean ΔFIM 26.71; 95% confidence interval 24.73, 28.69, P < 0.001) were noted after a median length of stay of 36 days. No significant relationships were found between BMI and discharge FIM (P = 0.600), FIM gain (P = 0.254), FIM efficiency (P = 0.412) or FIM effectiveness (P = 0.796).

Conclusion:
Findings from this study unequivocally support the benefits of acute inpatient stroke rehabilitation. Patients in the obese BMI range tended to normalise during rehabilitation. Body mass index, whether underweight, normal or overweight, did not correlate with discharge FIM.
Co-analysis of pancreatic cyst fluid carcinoembryonic antigen and glucose with novel cut-off levels better distinguishes between mucinous and non-mucinous neoplastic pancreatic cystic lesions
Authors: Barutcuoglu Burcu , Oruc Nevin , Ak Güneş , Kucukokudan Serdar , Aydın Ahmet , Nart Deniz , Harman Mustafa 
Published: October 2021

Background Pancreatic cyst fluid analysis plays an important role in distinguishing between mucinous and non-mucinous cyst lesions. We aimed to compare the diagnostic performances of cyst fluid carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA 19-9, and glucose in differentiating mucinous from non-mucinous neoplastic pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) and determine the best cut-off levels. Methods Patients’ data were evaluated retrospectively. 102 patients’ PCLs were grouped as non-neoplastic ( n = 25), non-mucinous neoplastic ( n = 20), mucinous neoplastic ( n = 47) and pancreatic adenocarcinomas with cystic degeneration ( n = 10); and CEA, CA 19-9, and glucose levels were compared. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis was performed, and the ideal cut-off values were determined. Results Cyst fluid CEA and CA 19-9, levels were significantly higher ( P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively) and glucose levels were significantly lower ( P = 0.001) in mucinous than in non-mucinous neoplastic PCLs. Area under curve with 95% confidence interval of CEA, glucose and CEA and glucose test combination was 0.939 (95% CI = 0.885–0.993, P = 0.001), 0.809 (95% CI = 0.695–0.924, P < 0.001) and 0.937 (95% CI = 0.879–0.995), respectively. CEA cut-offs to rule-in and rule-out mucinous neoplastic were 135.1 ng/mL (sensitivity = 62%, specificity = 94.7%) and 6.12 ng/mL (sensitivity = 94.1%, specificity = 80.4%), respectively. Glucose cut-off of 2.8 mmol/L was chosen both to rule-in and rule-out mucinous neoplastic PCLs (sensitivity = 78%, specificity = 80%). Co-analysis of CEA and glucose to distinguish mucinous from non-mucinous neoplastic PCLs had sensitivity = 87.8%, specificity = 93.3%, and diagnostic accuracy = 89.3%. Conclusions We concluded that co-analysis of cyst fluid CEA (cut-off = 135.1 ng/mL) and glucose (cut-off = 2.8 mmol/L) at novel cut-offs had the best testing performance to rule-in mucinous neoplastic PCLs. To rule-out mucinous PCLs co-analysis of CEA (cut-off = 6.12 ng/mL) and glucose (cut-off = 2.8 mmol/L) added value to prediction.
Exploring COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Stakeholders in African American and Latinx Communities in the Deep South Through the Lens of the Health Belief Model
Authors: Bateman Lori B. , Hall Allyson G. , Anderson William A. , Cherrington Andrea L. , Helova Anna , Judd Suzanne , Kimberly Robert , Oates Gabriela R. , Osborne Tiffany , Ott Corilyn , Ryan Melissa , Strong Christian , Fouad Mona N. 
Published: October 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to qualitatively explore perceptions related to COVID-19 vaccination intention among African American and Latinx participants and suggest intervention strategies.ApproachNinety minute virtual focus groups (N = 8), segmented by county, race and ethnicity were conducted with stakeholders from 3 vulnerable Alabama counties.ParticipantsParticipants (N = 67) were primarily African American and Latinx, at least 19 years, and residents or stakeholders in Jefferson, Mobile, and Dallas counties.SettingFocus groups took place virtually over Zoom.MethodsThe semi-structured guide explored perceptions of COVID-19, with an emphasis on barriers and facilitators to vaccine uptake. Focus groups lasted approximately 90 minutes and were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed by a team of 3 investigators, according to the guidelines of Thematic Analysis using NVivo 12. To provide guidance in the development of interventions to decrease vaccine hesitancy, we examined how themes fit with the constructs of the Health Belief Model.ResultsWe found that primary themes driving COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, ordered from most to least discussed, are mistrust, fear, and lack of information. Additionally, interventions to decrease vaccine hesitancy should be multi-modal, community engaged, and provide consistent, comprehensive messages delivered by trusted sources.
Surgical Outcomes of Selective Laminectomy for Patients With Cervical Kyphosis: A Retrospective Study of 379 Cases
Authors: Ninomiya Ken , Okuyama Kunimasa , Aoyama Ryoma , Nori Satoshi , Yamane Junichi , Suzuki Satoshi , Kitamura Kazuya , Anazawa Ukei , Furukawa Mitsuru , Shiraishi Tateru , Ueda Seiji , Kato Masahiro 
Published: October 2021

Study Design A retrospective study. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the impact of cervical kyphosis on patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) following selective laminectomy (SL) regarding posterior spinal cord shift (PSS), and a number of SLs. Methods We evaluated 379 patients with CSM after SL. The patients with kyphosis (group K) were compared with those without kyphosis (group L). Moreover, groups K and L were divided into subgroups KS and KL (SLs ≤ 2) and LS and LL (SLs ≥ 3), respectively, and analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the cut-off value of the C2–C7 angle for satisfactory surgical outcomes, which was defined as a Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) recovery rate of ≥50% in group KS. Results The average PSS (mm) in group K was smaller than that in group L (.8 vs 1.4; P < .01), but the JOA recovery rate was comparable between the 2 groups. Meanwhile, the mean PSS and JOA recovery rate (%) in group KS was lower than those in group KL, respectively (.3 vs 1.0; P < .01, 35.1 vs 52.3; P = .047). Moreover, the average PSS of group KS (.6) was smaller than those of other subgroups ( < .01). In addition, the ROC curve analysis showed that the C2–C7 angle of −14.5° could predict satisfactory surgical outcomes in group KS. Conclusion Selective laminectomy is not contraindicated for patients with kyphosis, but a larger number of SLs may be indicated for the patients with C2–C7 angles of ≤ −14.5°.
Right and left ventricular function and flow quantification in pediatric patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot using four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Yao Xiaofen , Hu Liwei , Peng Yafeng , Feng Fei , Ouyang Rongzhen , Xie Weihui , Wang Qian , Sun Aimin , Zhong Yumin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
To assess the accuracy and reproducibility of right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) function and flow measurements in children with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF) using four-dimensional (4D) flow, compared with conventional two-dimensional (2D) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences.

Methods
Thirty pediatric patients with rTOF were retrospectively enrolled to undergo 2D balanced steady-state free precession cine (2D b-SSFP cine), 2D phase contrast (PC), and 4D flow cardiac MRI. LV and RV volumes and flow in the ascending aorta (AAO) and main pulmonary artery (MPA) were quantified. Pearson’s or Spearman’s correlation tests, paired t-tests, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Bland–Altman analysis, and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were performed.

Results
The 4D flow scan time was shorter compared with 2D sequences (P < 0.001). The biventricular volumes between 4D flow and 2D b-SSFP cine had no significant differences (P > 0.05), and showed strong correlations (r > 0.90, P < 0.001) and good consistency. The flow measurements of the AAO and MPA between 4D flow and 2D PC showed moderate to good correlations (r > 0.60, P < 0.001). There was good internal consistency in cardiac output. There was good intraobserver and interobserver biventricular function agreement (ICC > 0.85).

Conclusions
RV and LV function and flow quantification in pediatric patients with rTOF using 4D flow MRI can be measured accurately and reproducibly compared to those with conventional 2D sequences.
Risk factors for nonresponsive hydration in patients with spinal cerebrospinal fluid leakage
Authors: Chen Hung-Chieh , Chen Po-Lin , Chai Jyh-Wen , Teng Chieh-Lin Jerry 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage is frequently encountered clinically after lumbar puncture or spontaneous events. Although some patients recover without treatment or after intensive hydration, some require an epidural blood patch (EBP). The risks of nonresponsive hydration remain unknown. Therefore, we identified the risk factors for patients with spinal CSF leakage nonresponsive to hydration.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed patients diagnosed with spinal CSF leakage between January 2010 and March 2021. Clinical data, including patient age, sex, etiology, and radiological indications in magnetic resonance imaging, were compared between patients who were responsive and non-responsive to hydration.

Results
Of the 74 patients with spinal CSF leakage, 25 were responsive to hydration and 49 required EBP. Patients who were nonresponsive to hydration were older (39.27 vs. 34.32 years, P = 0.01), had a higher percentage of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (93.88% vs. 68.00%, P = 0.005), had more spinal CSF leakage (12.04 vs. 8.04, P = 0.01), and had a higher percentage of dural sinus engorgement (81.63% vs. 60.00%, P = 0.044). Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (odds ratio [OR]: 4.63; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00-21.38) and having ≥9 spinal CSF leakages (OR: 3.29; 95% CI: 1.08-10.01), as indicated by magnetic resonance myelography, are considered risk factors for noneffective hydration.

Conclusions
Patients with spinal CSF leakage who have spontaneous intracranial hypotension and those with ≥9 spinal CSF leakages are considered at risk for noneffective hydration. EBP should be considered early in these patients.
Development and evaluation of an undergraduate curriculum on non-communicable disease research in Guam: The Pacific Islands Cohort of College Students (PICCS)
Authors: Paulino Yvette C. , Ada Anthony , Dizon John , Benavente Elisha-Rose J. , Campbell Katherine Mary De Luna , Cristobal Breinard , Daughtry Alexandria , Estabillo Lorenz Michael O. , Flisco Victoria Diana Cruz , Badowski Grazyna , Hattori-Uchima Margaret 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
The non-communicable disease (NCD) epidemic among Pacific Islanders prompted the declaration of a regional state of NCD emergency throughout the United States-Affiliated Pacific Islands (USAPIs) in 2010. Subsequently, the University of Guam Health Science Program launched a pilot study on NCD research in its undergraduate curriculum modeled after the Pacific Data for Decision Making (DDM) framework – a field epidemiology training program employed in the USAPIs. The primary objective of the research is to conduct annual assessments of student health indicators with plans for longitudinal follow-up. Here, development and evaluation of the undergraduate research curriculum are described.

Methods
The Pacific DDM framework covering knowledge and skills in resourcing, types of data and indicators, data sources, data management, information products, and data dissemination and use were incorporated in undergraduate core courses of the Health Science Program. During the data collection pilot years, 2013 and 2014, a survey containing questions predominantly on NCD risk factors was launched at the university. The survey was administered by upperclassmen in the Health Science Program and evolved into the Pacific Islands Cohort of College Students (PICCS) research study. The initial years were spent developing the infrastructure. Program outputs were tracked annually to measure program success.

Results
Students in the Health Science Program obtained research knowledge and skills through various courses while enrolled in the program. The PICCS data collection continued annually as a cross-sectional survey from 2015 to current. Numerous successes have resulted including student abstracts and publications, acceptances to summer programs and fellowships, a sustained annual health fair for college students, a grant award, and other program-related impacts.

Conclusion
The PICCS framework provided the organizational structure and documented tools, protocols, roles, and responsibilities to enhance consistency and reproducibility. Undergraduate students applied their knowledge and skills to an ongoing study focused on NCD risk factor surveillance of college students. Additionally, multiple research successes have been achieved through the PICCS curriculum. Plans are underway to begin the longitudinal design of the PICCS research study and sustain it through the curriculum, with room for adaptation as courses are updated over time.
Inverted reamer technique for bone grafting of the acetabulum: technical note
Authors: Okutani Yuki , Fujita Hiroshi , Harada Hideto , Kataoka Masanao , Shimizu Yu , Murotani Yoshiki 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Socket fixation with bone grafting for dysplastic hips is technically demanding, and inadequate coverage of the socket may cause poor results in patients with severely dysplastic hips. An accurate technique to form a bone graft to fit into the defect is necessary. We aim to introduce the simple method of bone grafting, “inverted reamer technique” in cemented total hip arthroplasty (cTHA).

Methods
After acetabular preparation with a normal acetabular reamer, the bone graft was prepared from the resected femoral head with the inverted reamer. The graft can be press-fit into the defect of the acetabulum with good compatibility through this method. Then, the bone graft was fixed with 1–3 screws and the socket was implanted with bone cement.

Results
The “inverted reamer technique” can easily and automatically create a well-fit graft. This method is simple and technically less demanding; it can be performed by every surgeon, including trainee and inexperienced surgeons.

Conclusion
This method can improve the outcome of cTHA for dysplastic hips by preserving bone stock and increasing bone coverage of the socket implanted in the anatomic position.
Observation of the curative effect of Guizhi-Shaoyao-Zhimu decoction combined with methotrexate in the treatment of early rheumatoid arthritis based on ultrasonic evaluation: study protocol of a randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial
Authors: Shen Jiaying , Chen Qianwen , Yang Guanghui , He Yikun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease with the primary clinical symptoms of joint swelling and pain. Early detection of erosion and synovial inflammation at an active stage resulting from RA can prevent damage to the joints and activity restriction. However, there are still many patients who do not respond to these treatments; the development of newer, safer drugs is urgently needed. Compared to Western medicine, Guizhi-Shaoyao-Zhimu decoction has equal or higher efficacy and safety for RA patients. With the widespread use of musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS), this technology holds great value for the degree of joint damage in RA patients, guiding the clinical selection of treatments, and assessing of prognosis. Therefore, we designed a double-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial to measure the safety and efficacy of Guizhi-Shaoyao-Zhimu decoction in treating early-stage RA using MSUS.

Methods
This study is a randomized, double-blinded, parallel group, placebo-controlled trial. A total of 152 adult participants with early RA will be enrolled, with balanced treatment allocation (1:1). The experimental intervention will be Guizhi-Shaoyao-Zhimu decoction plus the conventional medicine methotrexate and the control intervention will be placebo plus the conventional drug methotrexate for 3 months. In addition, both groups will receive folic acid during treatment to prevent side effects from methotrexate. The primary outcomes are the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), hepatic and renal function, visual analog scale, disease activity score in 28 joints, measurement scale for TCM symptoms, and 7-joint ultrasound score.

Discussion
We designed this double-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Guizhi-Shaoyao-Zhimu decoction in RA patients using MSUS. The results of this trial may provide insights into how to improve the clinical symptoms of RA patients and delay further joint destruction. We hope that this trial may provide preliminary evidence of the efficacy of Guizhi-Shaoyao-Zhimu decoction in treating RA patients and that these results aid researchers, practitioners, and patients alike.

Aim
The main aim of the study is to clarify the efficacy and safety of Guizhi-Shaoyao-Zhimu decoction in patients with early RA.

Trial registration
Chinese Clinical Trials Register ChiCTR2000036141. Registered on 21 August 2020 (retroactively registered)