bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Routinely Collected Antenatal Data for Longitudinal Prediction of Preeclampsia in Nulliparous Women: A Population-based Study
Authors: Sandström Anna , Snowden Jonathan M , Bottai Matteo , Stephansson Olof , Wikström Anna-Karin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the sequentially updated predictive capacity for preeclampsia during pregnancy, using multivariable longitudinal models including data from antenatal care. This population-based cohort study in the Stockholm-Gotland Counties, Sweden, included 58899 pregnancies of nulliparous women 2008–2013. Prospectively collected data from each antenatal care visit was used, including maternal characteristics, reproductive and medical history, and repeated measurements of blood pressure, weight, symphysis-fundal height, proteinuria, hemoglobin and blood glucose levels. We used a shared-effects joint longitudinal model including all available information up until a given gestational length (week 24, 28, 32, 34 and 36), to update preeclampsia prediction sequentially. Outcome measures were prediction of preeclampsia, preeclampsia with delivery < 37, and preeclampsia with delivery ≥ 37 weeks’ gestation. The area under the curve (AUC) increased with gestational length. AUC for preeclampsia with delivery < 37 weeks’ gestation was 0.73 (95% CI 0.68–0.79) at week 24, and increased to 0.87 (95% CI 0.84–0.90) in week 34. For preeclampsia with delivery ≥ 37 weeks’ gestation, the AUC in week 24 was 0.65 (95% CI 0.63–0.68), but increased to 0.79 (95% CI 0.78–0.80) in week 36. The addition of routinely collected clinical measurements throughout pregnancy improve preeclampsia prediction and may be useful to individualize antenatal care.
A Cross-sectional Study of Undergraduate Teaching of Trauma and Orthopaedics in the UK and the Relationship between Medical Schools and Interest in Trauma and Orthopaedics as a Career.
Authors: Choi Sarah , Ooi Setthasorn , Carpenter Eleanor 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Aims: Adequate exposure and teaching of Trauma and Orthopaedics (T&O) to medical students is fundamental in order to obtain sufficient knowledge and sustain their interest in T&O as a career. The primary aim is to assess the exposure and delivery of T&O at all medical schools in the UK. The secondary aim is to determine whether there are any associations between attending a particular medical school and having a strong interest in pursuing a career in T&O. Methods: To explore the primary aim, all 33 UK medical schools were investigated in the study, by means of a questionnaire distributed to medical students. This did not include ‘new’ medical schools, defined as those established from 2014 onwards. To investigate the secondary aim of exploring associations between students’ and alumni’s medical schools and their interest in T&O as a career, British Orthopaedic Training Association (BOTA) members were reviewed, using the General Medical Council register to identify the universities from which members had graduated. The authors have made the assumption that membership of BOTA signified an interest in T&O as a career. Results: Results were obtained for all 33 medical schools. The mean total teaching time specifically for T&O throughout medical school was 18 days, ranging from 3 to 60 days in total. 118 BOTA members were reviewed. No member of BOTA in the study had attended medical school in Keele, Liverpool, Plymouth or Lancashire. These universities taught below the national average number of days in T&O. Conclusions: There is a large national variance in the number of compulsory teaching days provided for T&O. The authors advocate medical schools to aim for at least the national average in duration of T&O of 18 days.
Job Crafting Interventions: What Works, for Whom, Why, and in Which Contexts? Research Protocol for a Realist Synthesis With Coincidence Analysis
Authors: Roczniewska Marta , Rogala Anna , Marszałek Magdalena , Hasson Henna , Bakker Arnold B. , Schwarz Ulrica von Thiele 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background:Job crafting (JC) refers to self-initiated changes that employees introduce to their jobs to optimize their job design and increase the fit between the job and their needs and preferences. These behaviors can be stimulated by job crafting training interventions, which aim to change how individual employees design, organize, or manage their work. However, knowledge on JC interventions and their effects is still scarce. Additionally, the findings are spread across distinct theoretical approaches and the interventions are implemented in various ways. We have yet to determine which context and intervention factors are necessary or sufficient to achieve desired outcomes. The overall aim of this project will be to investigate how to implement effective JC interventions. Specifically, we will detect what factors are minimally sufficient and/or necessary to produce a successful JC intervention, as well as the multiple alternative paths to their success.Methods: We will perform a realist synthesis of the JC interventions literature combined with coincidence analysis (CNA). We will search electronic databases of journals and utilize Rayyan software to make decisions regarding inclusion. Data regarding context (e.g., fit), intervention (e.g., types of activities), mechanisms (e.g., intention implementation), and outcomes (e.g., employee well-being, job performance) will be extracted using a pre-piloted form and coded into a crisp-set (factor present vs. absent). Analyses will be carried out using CNA package in R.Discussion:This realist synthesis will address gaps in knowledge about the context, intervention and mechanism-related factors that may impact the effects of JC interventions. Consequently, this review will help develop a program theory for JC interventions that explains what works, how and under which circumstances. Applying CNA to synthesize these complex solutions across multiple studies provides an innovative method that may be used in future realist syntheses evaluating the implementation of interventions. Finally, our synthesis will provide knowledge relevant to organizational practitioners and scholars who want to implement JC interventions.Systematic review registration:https://osf.io/2q7cn (registration pending)
Vectorial Competence Potential of Culex Quinquefasciatus (Say, 1923) from the Amazon Region to Transmit West Nile Virus Isolated in Brazil
Authors: Reis Lúcia Aline Moura , Silva Eliana Vieira Pinto da , Freitas Maria Nazaré Oliveira , Caldeira Rossela Damasceno , Araújo Pedro Arthur da Silva , Silva Fábio Silva da , Junior José Wilson Rosa , Brandão Roberto Carlos Feitosa , Medeiros Daniele Barbosa de Almeida , Martins Lívia Caricio , Dias Daniel Damous , Neto Joaquim Pinto Nunes 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The West Nile virus is characterized as a neurotropic pathogen that causes the West Nile fever. It is transmitted by mosquitoes, mainly of the Culex genus. In 2018, the Evandro Chagas Institute carried out the first isolation of WNV strain from a horse brain sample and in 2021 the same institute also isolated the WNV in a pool of mosquitoes of the Culex spp. from the Carajás region (Pará). Thus, this study aimed to determine the vectorial competence of Culex quinquefasciatus from the Amazon region of Brazil for transmission the WNV Brazilian strain. Oral infection of Cx. quinquefasciatus females belonging to F1 generation was performed with infected blood with WNV. Subsequently, analysis of infection, dissemination and transmission rates was performed, as well as verification of viral titers in the samples. The study demonstrated that Cx. quinquefasciatus can act as a potential vector of WNV in Brazil, since it was found that the Brazilian strain was able to overcome the host's anatomical barriers and spread to various regions, among them in saliva, in which, despite the low viral titers identified, it had a transmission rate of 100% on the 21st day after infection.
A Natural History Comparison of SOD1-mutant Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis between Chinese and German Populations
Authors: Tang Lu , Dorst Johannes , Chen Lu , Liu Xiaolu , Ma Yan , Günther Kornelia , Michels Sebastian , Müller Kathrin , Freischmidt Axel , Weishaupt Jochen H. , Fan Dongsheng , Ludolph Albert C. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The gene coding the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) was the first-identified causative gene of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and the second most common genetic cause for ALS worldwide. The promising therapeutic approaches targeting SOD1 mutations are on the road. The purpose of the present study was to compare the mutational and clinical features of Chinese and German patients with ALS carrying mutations in SOD1 gene, which will facilitate the strategy and design of SOD1-targeted trials. Methods: Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected from two longitudinal cohorts in China and Germany. Chinese and German patients carrying SOD1 mutations were compared with regard to mutational distribution, age of onset, site of onset, body mass index (BMI) at diagnosis, diagnostic delay, progression rate, and survival. Results: A total of 66 Chinese and 84 German patients with 69 distinct SOD1 mutations were identified. The most common mutation in both populations was p.His47Arg. It was found in 8 Chinese and 2 German patients and consistently showed a slow progression of disease in both countries. Across all mutations, Chinese patients showed a younger age of onset (43.9 vs 49.9 years, p=0.002), a higher proportion of young-onset cases (62.5% vs 30.7%, p<0.001) and a lower BMI at diagnosis (22.8 vs 26.0, p<0.001) compared to German patients. Although riluzole intake was less frequent in Chinese patients (28.3% vs 81.3%, p<0.001), no difference in survival between populations was observed (p=0.90). Across both cohorts, female patients had a longer diagnostic delay (15.0 vs 11.0 months, p=0.01) and a prolonged survival (248.0 vs 60.0 months, p=0.005) compared to male patients. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate the distinct mutational and clinical spectrums of SOD1-mutant patients in Asian and European populations. Clinical phenotypes seem to be primarily influenced by mutation-specific, albeit not excluding ethnicity-specific factors. Further large-scale transethnical studies are needed to clarify determinants and modifiers of SOD1 phenotypes.
Carbon-ion Evokes Metabolic Reprogramming and Individualized Response in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Pei Yulei , Ning Renli , Li Ping , Hu Wei , Deng Yong , Hong Zhengshan , Sun Yun , Guo Xiaomao , Zhang Qing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) is a novel and powerful tool for prostate cancer (PCa). However, the underlying mechanism for individualized treatment response after CIRT was not clear, and there was still no effective indicator to timely demonstrate the treatment response. Metabolic reprogramming is one of the main hallmarks of malignancy. Metabolic status might have a high relationship with the radiosensitivity and the individualized radiation response. The significant changes of metabolites profiles were detected after radiotherapy in the serum sample of different malignancies. But there was limited data regarding CIRT induced metabolic changes in prostate cancer. Our aim was to preliminary investigate the carbon-ion induced metabolic reprogramming in PCa patients and the individualized response of PCa patients to carbon ion. Methods: Urine samples collected from 15 pathology confirmed PCa patients before and after CIRT were enrolled into this analysis. High-throughput UPLC-MS/MS system was used for metabolites detection. XCMS online, MetDNA and MSDIAL were used for peak detection and identification of metabolites. Statistical analysis and metabolic pathway analysis were performed on Metaboanalyst.Results: A total of 1701 metabolites were monitored by high-throughput UPLC-MS/MS and 217 metabolites were identified. The PCA scores plot revealed clear discrimination of the patient’s urine metabolites profiles before (pre-CIRT) and after (pre-CIRT) CIRT treatment. 35 metabolites significantly altered after CIRT, and these metabolites mainly were amino acid. Pathway enrichment analysis further identified these metabolites could be enriched in 8 pathways (FDR<0.05, impact>2), while arginine biosynthesis and histidine metabolism pathways were the most significant. In addition, the HCA shows that after CIRT, the patients can be clustered into two groups according to the metabolites profiles. The discriminatory metabolites after CIRT in patients urine mainly enriched in the pathway of arginine biosynthesis and phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis. Conclusion: Metabolic reprogramming and metabolic inhibition seems one of the most important mechanisms of CIRT to cure PCa. Urine metabolites also showed their potentials to timely identify the individualized response of PCa patients to CIRT.
Bacterial Communities of Sediments in a Seawater-Freshwater Transition Zone During the Wet and Dry Seasons in Pearl River Estuary
Authors: Li Yongbin , Huang Duanyi , Sun Weimin , Sun Xiaoxu , Yan Gen , Gao Wenlong , Lin Hanzhi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Seawater intrusion has a detrimental effect on agriculture, industry and human health. One question of particular interest is how the microbial community responds to and reflects seawater intrusion with seasonal variation. The current study explored the seasonal changes in bacterial community composition and interaction in the vicinity of Pearl River Estuary in January (dry season) and September (wet seasons). Results indicated that the salinity (expressed as electrical conductivity value) of sediment samples obtained in dry season was higher than that in wet season. The salt stress induced a declined alpha diversity but resulted in a loosely connected and unstable biotic interaction network in the bacterial communities. Random forest prediction and redundancy analysis of bacterial community indicated that salinity substantially affected the bacterial communities. Multiple lines of evidence, including the enrichment of bacterial taxa in the high-salinity location, microbe-microbe interactions, environment-microbe interactions, and machine learning approach, demonstrated that the families Moraxellaceae and Planococcaceae were the keystone taxa and were resistant to salt stress, which suggested that both of them can be used as potential biological indicators of monitoring and controlling seawater intrusion in coastal zone areas.
Elaiophylin Targets EIF4B to Regulate the Proliferation, Invasion, and Apoptosis of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma via the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway
Authors: Lijuan Gao , Yongshun Chen , Bin Li 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundEsophageal cancer remains a dominating cause of cancer-associated death and has shown a sharp increase of more than 6-fold increase rates all over the world. It is divided into two main pathological types: esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Most of the patients are diagnosed at the advanced stage with distant metastasis and poor prognosis. Thus, it is urgent for us to identify new more effective drugs to improve the prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer. Elaiophylin is a novel autophagy inhibitor at the late stage, which is a C2 symmetric macrolides separated from Streptomyces Niger. It was proved to have anti-tumor ability of various of cancers, yet little is known whether it could inhibit the progression of esophageal squamous cancer. The study is aimed to explore the effect of Elaiophylin on ESCC. MethodsThe protein expression level was detected by western blot assay. The viability of ESCC cells was detected by CCK8 assay. The proliferation rate was measured by ki67 immunofluorescent staining. The migratory ability of ESCC cells was identified by transwell assay. The apoptosis rate of ESCC cells was explored by Annexin V/PI analysis. And the genes might be regulated by Elaiophylin was analyzed by RNA-seq assay and verified by RT-qPCR assay. The experiments in vivo were conducted by subcutaneous into tumor in BALB/C-Nu mice. ResultsIn the study, we firstly found that the Elaiophylin was a novel autophagy inhibitor in ESCC cells which is consistent with the previous studies. In addition, Elaiophylin can inhibit the proliferation and migration of ESCCs, and accelerate its apoptosis. And the activity of PI3K/AKT pathway was inhibited by Elaiophylin, the mRNA and protein expression level of EIF4B was both downregulated by Elaiophylin. Mechanistically, silencing of EIF4B could inhibit the proliferation and migration of ESCC cells and promoted apoptosis, which could be rescued by EIF4B-OE. Moreover, EIF4B overexpression suppressed the apoptosis, while increased the proliferation and migration of ESCC cells which resulted from Elaiophylin. Finally, Elaiophylin could inhibit the proliferation of esophageal cancer in vivo compared to the control group. ConclusionsTogether, our results indicated that Elaiophylin is a novel autophagy inhibitor governing growth and migratory ability of ESCC cells through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and inhibit the proliferation of esophageal tumor in vivo. simultaneously, and identified EIF4B as a target of Elaiophylin, which might provide a new therapeutic strategy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Effects of Long-Term Warming on Microbial Nutrient Limitation of Soil Aggregates on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Authors: Chen Wenjing , Zhou Huakun , Qiao Leilei , Li Yuanze , Wu Yang , Zhai Jiaying , Liu Guobin , Xue Sha 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background and aims Global warming has increasingly serious impacts on the structure and function of the Tibetan Plateau ecosystem. However, the mechanism by which warming affects the biogeochemical processes and consequently the microbial nutrient limitation in soil aggregates is not clear. Methods In the present study, we used open-top chamber experiments to simulate warming in an alpine meadow and an alpine shrubland on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to understand how warming affects nutrient utilization and microorganism-limiting mechanisms in soil aggregates. Results The results showed that long-term warming treatment had contrasting effects on soil organic carbon (SOC) content of the alpine meadow and that of the shrubland. This difference was more pronounced with the increase in soil aggregate size, and the SOC content in microaggregates (MIGA) was significantly higher than that in large macroaggregates (LMGA). Soil enzyme activity increased with the decrease in aggregate size and was not significantly affected by warming treatment. Enzyme stoichiometry demonstrated that microbial P limitation is widespread on the Tibetan Plateau, and the long-term warming treatment exacerbated it, which has significant differences in shrubland. At the same time, the long-term warming treatment had no significant effect on C limitation in the alpine shrubland and the alpine meadow, but soil aggregate size affected the C limitation patterns of microorganisms and showed strong limitations in MIGA. Conclusions The microbial P limitation in shrubland is more sensitive to warming than that of grassland. Soil aggregates mediate the acquisition of carbon by microorganisms, and the carbon limitation in MIGA is the greatest. By providing a new perspective on this topic, our study increased our understanding of the effects of warming on microbial nutrient utilization and restriction patterns in soil aggregates.
Effects of drought stress and rehydration on physiological and biochemical of four oak species in China
Authors: Xiong Shifa , Wang Yangdong , Chen Yicun , Gao Ming , Zhao Yunxiao , Wu Liwen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Quercus fabri Hance, Quercus serrata Thunb, Quercus acutissima Carruth, and Quercus variabilis BL are four Chinese oak species commonly used for forestation. In recent years, with the global warming caused by the greenhouse effect, seedlings in mountainous areas after afforestation often suffer seasonal drought stress, which seriously affects their survival and growth. In order to ensure the survival of seedlings, we need to select oak species with strong drought resistance. Therefore, we first need to understand the differences in drought resistance of the four oak tree species at the seedling stage, and comprehensively evaluate their drought resistance capabilities by studying the changes in the physiological and biochemical characteristics of the seedlings under continuous drought and rehydration conditions.Methods: The four oak seedlings were divided into drought-rewatering treatment group and normal watering control group. For the seedlings of the drought-rewatering treatment group, drought stress lasting 31 days was used, and then re-watering and recovering for 5 days. The water parameters, osmotic adjustment substance content, antioxidant enzyme activity and photosynthesis parameters of the seedlings in the two groups were measured every 5 days. Principal component analysis, correlation analysis and membership function were used to analyze the physiological and biochemical characteristics of the seedlings of the four oak in two groups.Results and conclusions: Compared with the control group, the relative water content, water potential, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance levels of the four oaks all showed a downward trend under continuous drought stress, and showed an upward trend after rehydration. The soluble protein, soluble sugar, proline, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase content of the four oaks increased first and then decreased under drought stress, and then increased after rehydration. The content of glycine betaine and malondialdehyde continued to increase, and gradually decreased after rehydration. The weight of each index was calculated by PCA, and then the comprehensive evaluation of each index was carried out through the membership function method. The drought resistance levels of the four oak species were as follows: Q. serrata > Q. fabri > Q. variabilis > Q. acutissima.
Expression Levels of MCP-1, HGF, and IGF-1 in Endometriotic Patients Compared with Non-endometriotic Controls
Authors: Heidari Sahel , Khodaverdi Sepideh , Kolahdouz-Mohammadi Roya , Tajik Nader , Delbandi Ali-Akbar 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
To study the concentrations of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in peritoneal fluid (PF) and serum, and to evaluate their expressions by PF and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PFMCs and PBMCs, respectively), and ectopic and eutopic endometrial stromal cells of patients with endometriosis (EESCs and EuESCs, respectively) compared with controls. The concentrations of mentioned cytokines in serum and PF, as well as their expression in PBMCs, PFMCs, EuESCs and EESCs from endometriosis patients and controls were assessed. The levels of MCP-1, HGF, and IGF-1 in serum and PF in women with endometriosis were significantly higher than the controls (P < 0.05-P < 0.001). Gene expression of MCP-1 and IGF-1 in the PFMCs, PBMCs and EESCs also showed an increased level compared to controls (P < 0.05-P < 0.0001). The protein expressions of MCP-1 and IGF-1 by PFMCs were statistically higher in endometriotic women (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). The gene and protein expression of HGF in PFMCs and its gene expression by EESCs were significantly higher in endometriotic women compared to controls (P < 0.05-P < 0.01). The higher concentrations of mentioned cytokines in serum and PF and their higher expressions by PFMCs and EESCs in endometriosis patients may contribute to the development of endometriosis.