bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and Quantitation of Signature Constituents of Dant‐Kanti, a Herbo‐Dental Formulation Using UHPLC, HPTLC, and GC–MS, and its Anti‐Inflammatory Effects on Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Human Macrophages
Authors: Balkrishna Acharya , Maheswari Priya Rani , Varshney Yash , Tomer Meenu , Joshi Monali , Gujral Seema , Dev Rishabh , Srivastava Jyotish , Nain Pardeep , Varshney Anurag 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTA herbo‐dental formulation, Dant‐Kanti natural toothpaste consists of 13 potent medicinal herbs. The present study aims to comprehensively identify the signature phytometabolites present in Dant‐Kanti natural toothpaste using high‐performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC), and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) methods. Among the identified phytometabolites, gallic acid, piperine, and anethole, were quantified by UHPLC, whereas camphor, menthol, thymol, and eugenol were quantified using GC–MS. An inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry was used to estimate the mineral contents in Dant‐Kanti natural toothpaste. To the best of our knowledge, these studies are the first‐ever to identify all the signature components in an herbal dental formulation. These developed and validated methodologies were then used across 25 distinct batches of Dant‐Kanti natural toothpaste, in oder to ascertain the consistency and homogeneity. Both the UHPLC, and GC–MS methods used in this study were validated as per ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines, and were found to be suitable, linear (r > 0.99), and precise. In the cell‐biological study, Dant‐Kanti natural toothpaste showed a concentration‐dependent reduction in proinflammatory cytokine release, in human macrophages induced with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide. This robust study methodology, validation, and results provide valuable insights into the complex composition of Dant‐Kanti natural toothpaste, and contribute to the understanding of its potential oral health benefits.
Increased Expression of MST1 in Patients With Epilepsy and in a Rat Model of Epilepsy
Authors: Xia Di , Zhang Linming , Mei Rong , Wu Chunhua , Liu Yan , Chen Hongyu , Chen Ling 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMammalian sterile20‐like kinase 1 (MST1), a serine/threonine kinase frequently expressed, has emerged as pivotal modulator of multiple physiological and pathological conditions such as cellular growth, programmed cell death, oxidative stress, neurodegeneration, inflammation, and synaptic plasticity in the central nervous system. Various neurological diseases are associated with the activation of MST1. Epilepsy is a severe neurological disorder characterized by abrupt abnormal electrical activity in the brain and recurring spontaneous seizures. The most common pathological discoveries in patients and animal models with epilepsy are neuronal death, inflammation, neurodegeneration, neurogenesis, and axonal regrowth. The purpose of this study was to assess the levels of MST1 in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens obtained from individuals diagnosed with epilepsy. In addition, it aimed to explore the expression pattern of MST1 in brain tissues of epileptic rats. We used enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay to measure the levels of CSF and serum MST1 in 10 epilepsy patients and 9 control patients. After creation of epilepsy models with healthy male Sprague‐Dawley rats using lithium and pilocarpine, the expression of MST1 in the temporal cortex and hippocampus was evaluated at different time points (6 h, 24 h, 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, and 30 days after seizures) using immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting. In patients with epilepsy, the levels of CSF‐MST1 were elevated (593.90 ± 16.28 vs. 560.40 ± 19.42 pg/mL, p < 0.05) compared to the control group. Accordingly, the serum‐MST1 levels were 583.40 ± 19.70 pg/mL in the epilepsy group and 555.70 ± 20.14 pg/mL in the control group, demonstrating a statistically significant distinction (p < 0.05). Levels of MST1 in CSF and serum could be of diagnostic help. Neuronal apoptosis in temporal cortex and hippocampus of epileptic rats was detected using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining. MST1 was expressed in the neuronal membrane and cytoplasm of the temporal cortex and hippocampus. The expression of MST1 increased after seizures, showing a relatively high level within 30 days and reaching its highest point on the seventh day after status epilepticus. The findings of this study indicate that the increased expression of MST1 protein in patients with epilepsy and epileptic rats might play a role in the development of epilepsy.
Cognitive Capital and Human-AI Interactions
Authors: Caplin Andrew 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis chapter introduces cognitive capital and human-AI interactions. The upcoming cognitive revolution, like its industrial precursor, is defined by a radical change in technology. The machines of today introduce intangible cognitive capital that substitutes for human mental effort. The chapter lays out a three stage human-AI decision-making pipeline. This starts with human labeling of cases, continues with minimization of the AI loss function, and involves a final stage of human-AI collaboration. The chapter introduces outlines a field study in which elicited beliefs improve labeling for cancer detection. It introduces recent findings showing that standard engineering methods of defining loss functions can fail in their own terms. As a result, there is a bilateral alignment problem that requires not only that the AI is trained in human preferences, but that humans understand the AI's costs and constraints.
Cognitive Economics Takes Off
Authors: Caplin Andrew 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis chapter presents a history of cognitive economics framed in terms of Walt Rostow’s stages of economic growth. It highlights the important early contribution of Paul Samuelson, who introduced revealed preference theory, as well as that of Henry Block and Jacob Marschak, who were the first to propose measure¬ment of new basic observations to separate preferences from beliefs. It outlines ongoing research on rational inattention, bounded rationality, efficient coding, salience-based attention, imperfect memory, resource rationality, and cognitive hierarchies. It discusses important new forms of measurement that are advancing the research frontier in cognitive economics, including economic surveys, process measures, and state dependent stochastic choice data. It outlines the broader convergence of interest between psychologists and economists on the importance of cognitive constraints.
The Contingencies of Understanding
Authors: Prior Christopher , Higgins Joseph 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe consider the processes by which Frank Oates acquired understanding of the peoples with whom he came into contact in southern Africa in the early 1870s, and the Ndebele people in particular. We place emphasis on the importance of ‘intermediaries’, individuals Oates judged not of a place but nevertheless considered experts in it, in shaping the traveller’s macro understandings of the region. We consider the role of social consonance in explaining the alacrity with which Oates accepted ways of reading Africa from some and not others. We also consider the processes by which Oates developed understandings of the flora and fauna of the region, and African guides’ roles in this. We evaluate the impact of factors such as race and gender on the recordings of the colonial encounter, and the areas in which Oates did and did not change his understandings over time. In our emphasis upon the importance of intermediaries, we explore the fragilities and contingencies that lay behind the development of European understandings of pre-colonial Africa.
The Effect of Outsourcing Service on Rice Harvest Loss Through Moral Hazard
Authors: Qu Xue , Kojima Daizo , Wu Laping , Ando Mitsuyoshi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn Chap. 4, we compare the work attitudes of service providers and farmers to study the moral hazards of service providers and find that service providers’ work attitude is less serious than that of farmers. In this chapter, we will study whether the negative effect of harvest outsourcing services on operators’ work attitudes will lead to increased rice harvest losses.
The Effect of Moral Hazard on Rice Harvest Loss
Authors: Qu Xue , Kojima Daizo , Wu Laping , Ando Mitsuyoshi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn Chap. 5, the mediation path that the negative effect of harvest outsourcing services on operators’ work attitudes will lead to increased rice harvest losses is examined through mediation analysis models. In the previous chapters, the effect of service providers’ moral hazards on rice harvest losses has not been studied directly. In this chapter, we focus only on farmers using harvest outsourcing services and directly explore the effect of service providers’ moral hazards on rice harvest losses.
Three-dimensional spatial localization and volume estimation of prostate tumors using 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT versus multiparametric MRI
Authors: Huang Guocheng , Albers Patrick , Mookerji Nikhile , Pfanner Tyler , Hui Amaris , Mittal Rohan , Broomfield Stacey , Dean Lucas , St. Martin Blair , Jacobsen Niels-Erik , Evans Howard , Gao Yuan , Hung Ryan , Abele Jonathan , Dromparis Peter , Lima Joema Felipe , Bismar Tarek A. , Michelakis Evangelos , Sutendra Gopinath , Wuest Frank , Tu Wendy , Adam Benjamin A. , Fung Christopher , Ghosh Sunita , Tamm Alexander , Kinnaird Adam ,   The Next Generation Trial Investigators, Huang Guocheng , Albers Patrick , Mookerji Nikhile , Pfanner Tyler , Hui Amaris , Mittal Rohan , Broomfield Stacey , Dean Lucas , St. Martin Blair , Jacobsen Niels-Erik , Evans Howard , Gao Yuan , Hung Ryan , Abele Jonathan , Dromparis Peter , Lima Joema Felipe , Bismar Tarek A. , Michelakis Evangelos , Sutendra Gopinath , Wuest Frank , Tu Wendy , Adam Benjamin A. , Fung Christopher , Ghosh Sunita , Tamm Alexander , Kinnaird Adam 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Fluorine-18 prostate-specific membrane antigen-1007 positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT) has been shown to be superior to multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the locoregional staging of intermediate-risk and high-risk prostate tumors. This study aims to evaluate whether it is also superior in estimating tumor parameters, such as three-dimensional spatial localization and volume.

Methods
134 participants underwent 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT and MRI prior to radical prostatectomy as part of the validating paired-cohort Next Generation Trial (NCT05141760). MRI, 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT, and final pathology were independently assessed by blinded radiologists, nuclear medicine physicians, and pathologists, respectively. Individual tumor nodules were measured in three dimensions and cognitively registered to 38 segment prostate diagrams as per PI-RADSv2.1. Correct spatial localization was compared using McNemar test and estimation of tumor volumes were compared using linear regression and partial F-test.

Results
286 tumor nodules were identified by final histopathology. 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT was superior to MRI for correct localization (186 [65.0%] vs 134 [46.9%], p < 0.001) and tumor volume estimation (R2 = 0.545 vs 0.431, p < 0.001). Larger tumors and higher Gleason Grade Group (GGG) were associated with correct localization by 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT (OR = 2.05, p < 0.001 for tumor volume and OR = 4.92, p < 0.01 for ≥ GGG3) and MRI (OR = 1.81, p < 0.001 for tumor volume and OR = 11.67, p < 0.001 for ≥ GGG3).

Conclusion
18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT outperforms MRI for determination of three-dimensional spatial localization and volume of prostate tumors. These findings support the use of 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT prior to definitive treatment of localized prostate cancers.
Physician vs. AI-generated messages in urology: evaluation of accuracy, completeness, and preference by patients and physicians
Authors: Robinson Eric J. , Qiu Chunyuan , Sands Stuart , Khan Mohammad , Vora Shivang , Oshima Kenichiro , Nguyen Khang , DiFronzo L. Andrew , Rhew David , Feng Mark I. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To evaluate the accuracy, comprehensiveness, empathetic tone, and patient preference for AI and urologist responses to patient messages concerning common BPH questions across phases of care.

Methods
Cross-sectional study evaluating responses to 20 BPH-related questions generated by 2 AI chatbots and 4 urologists in a simulated clinical messaging environment without direct patient interaction. Accuracy, completeness, and empathetic tone of responses assessed by experts using Likert scales, and preferences and perceptions of authorship (chatbot vs. human) rated by non-medical evaluators.

Results
Five non-medical volunteers independently evaluated, ranked, and inferred the source for 120 responses (n = 600 total). For volunteer evaluations, the mean (SD) score of chatbots, 3.0 (1.4) (moderately empathetic) was significantly higher than urologists, 2.1 (1.1) (slightly empathetic) (p < 0.001); mean (SD) and preference ranking for chatbots, 2.6 (1.6), was significantly higher than urologist ranking, 3.9 (1.6) (p < 0.001). Two subject matter experts (SMEs) independently evaluated 120 responses each (answers to 20 questions from 4 urologist and 2 chatbots, n = 240 total). For SME evaluations, mean (SD) accuracy score for chatbots was 4.5 (1.1) (nearly all correct) and not significantly different than urologists, 4.6 (1.2). The mean (SD) completeness score for chatbots was 2.4 (0.8) (comprehensive), significantly higher than urologists, 1.6 (0.6) (adequate) (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Answers to patient BPH messages generated by chatbots were evaluated by experts as equally accurate and more complete than urologist answers. Non-medical volunteers preferred chatbot-generated messages and considered them more empathetic compared to answers generated by urologists.
Enhanced recovery protocol for congenital duodenal obstruction – initial experiences with development and implementation
Authors: Røkkum Henrik , Treider Martin Alavi , Børke Wenche Bakken , Bergersen Janicke , Lassen Kristoffer , Støen Ragnhild , Sæter Thorstein , Bjørnland Kristin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
The experience with Enhanced Recovery After Surgery® (ERAS®) protocols in neonatal intestinal surgery is very limited. We present the development and implementation of an Enhanced Recovery Protocol (ERP) designed specifically for neonates treated for congenital duodenal obstruction (CDO), and early outcome after implementation.

Methods
An ERP for CDO was developed and implemented. Experiences with ERP development and implementation are described. Early clinical outcome in patients treated before (January 2015–Descember 2020) and after (February 2022–September 2024) implementation were compared. Ethical approval was obtained.

Results
A multidisciplinary ERP team was established. The ERP for CDO was developed with stakeholder involvement. Implementation was challenging, but with close follow-up and frequent meetings with the involved medical disciplines, an overall ERP compliance of 80% was achieved for the 21 patients treated after implementation. Compared to 40 patients treated before ERP implementation (January 2015-Descember 2020), the use of minimally invasive surgery increased and time to first postoperative enteral and breast feed were reduced, without increasing the rate of postoperative complications.

Conclusions
This study presents an ERP specifically designed for CDO with a unique description of our experiences with the development and implementation process. Early results suggest that this ERP for CDO is feasible and safe.
Comparing functional outcomes between 3D printed acetabular cups and traditional prosthetic implants in hip arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta analysis
Authors: St. John Ryan , Spicer Seth , Hadaya Mo , Brancaccio Hanna , Park Seungkyu , McMillan Sean 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objective
The primary research aim was to determine if the use of traditional or 3D printed prosthesis resulted in better functional outcome scores in hip arthroplasty.

Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted utilizing the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Six databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, WebOfScience, and Cochrane Library, Google Scholar) were searched yielding 1117 article titles and abstracts. Rayyan.ai was used to detect duplicates (n = 246) and for manual screening for inclusion and exclusion criteria. Included were controlled studies of any publication time that assessed Harris Hip Score (HHS) at baseline and twelve months. Six papers were sought for full text review of which three studies totaling 195 hips met final inclusion.

Results
Mean HHS in the control group went from 38.15 (± 6.02) at baseline to 80.30 (± 4.79) at twelve months follow-up, while the 3D group saw a change from 37.81 (± 5.84) to 90.60 (± 4.49). Significant and large improvements between time points were seen within the control group [p = .02, Cohen’s d = 8.57 (1.48, 15.56)] and 3D group [p < 0.01, Cohen’s d = 9.18 (3.50, 14.86)]. The HHS score of the 3D group improved by 10.64 points more than the HHS score of the control group, which is a statistically insignificant (p = 0.89) amount.

Conclusion
Group differences in pooled mean HHS scores at twelve months follow-up surpassed established minimum differences for clinical importance. High quality research should be further pursued to elucidate these findings.
An optimized ensemble model based on meta-heuristic algorithms for effective detection and classification of breast tumors
Authors: Saber Abeer , Elbedwehy Samar , Awad Wael A. , Hassan Esraa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
One of the most common cancers among women worldwide is breast cancer (BC), and early diagnosis can save lives. Early detection of BC increases the likelihood of a successful outcome by enabling treatment to start sooner. Even in areas without access to a specialist physician, machine learning (ML) aids in early BC detection. The medical imaging community is becoming more interested in using ML, and deep learning (DL) to increase the accuracy of cancer screening. Many disease-related data are sparse. However, for DL models to perform well, a large amount of data is required. Because of this, the DL models that are currently in use on medical images are not as effective as they could be. Convolutional neural network (CNN) models have recently gained popularity in the medical industry, and they perform admirably in terms of high performance and robustness at image classification. The proposed method classifies data using ensemble pre-trained models such as the dense convolutional network (DenseNet)-121 and EfficientNet-B5 feature extractor networks, as well as the support vector machine for classification. Using a modified meta-heuristic optimizer, the selected pre-trained CNN hyperparameters were optimized to improve the performance. The experimental results for the presented model on the INbreast dataset show that the EfficientNet-B5 model is effective for BC classification, with overall accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, and area under the ROC curve (AUC) values of 99.9%, 99.9%, 99.8%, 99.1%, 1.0, respectively.
Climate characteristics and trends of extreme daily precipitation events associated with cold fronts in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Segura Caroline Santos , da Rocha Rosmeri Porfírio , Crespo Natália Machado 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The metropolitan region of São Paulo (MRSP), located in southeastern Brazil, is densely populated and economically significant for the country. Cold fronts crossing MRSP are crucial for the precipitation regime and can induce extreme rainfall events. Therefore, this study presents a climatology of the contribution of cold fronts to extreme rainfall events in the MRSP and their associated synoptic patterns, using long term (1960 to 2022) local observations to identify cold fronts and daily rainfall extremes, and a time window of 5 days (from 2 days before and after). The mean circulation patterns associated with these events are analyzed using gridded precipitation and reanalysis for a short period (1980–2022). For 1960–2022, a total of 2535 cold fronts and 1077 extremes rainfall events were identified, with 58% of the daily extremes being associated with cold fronts. These events mainly occur during the austral spring, although their daily mean precipitation is higher in the austral summer. The contribution of cold fronts to extreme precipitation exhibits a statistically significant decrease, contrasting with the increasing trend in daily rainfall extremes. This suggests the influence of other meteorological systems in increasing rainfall extremes. The synoptic patterns reveal an intense anticyclone located southwest of the main trough in the lower troposphere, intense cyclonic vorticity along the front at low levels, stronger upper troposphere divergence, and strong thickness gradients in the 500–1000 hPa layer affecting MRSP. Most extremes occur on the day before and the day of the cold front due to more favorable dynamic conditions for convective activity.
Computer-aided design of caffeic acid derivatives: free radical scavenging activity and reaction force
Authors: Morales-García B. Carolina , Pérez-González Adriana , Álvarez-Idaboy J. Raúl , Galano Annia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Context
Antioxidants are known to play a beneficial role in human health. Caffeic acid has been previously recognized as efficient in this context. However, such a capability can be enhanced through structural modification. Thus, 3829 caffeic acid derivatives were computational designed to that purpose by adding functional groups (-OH, -SH, -OCH3, -COOCH3, -F, -CF3, and -N(CH3)(C2H5)) to its framework. Promising candidates were chosen considering drug-like behavior, toxicity, and synthetic accessibility. The best candidates, dCAF-2, dCAF-16, and dCAF-82, were identified by comparison with reference antioxidants. The thermochemistry and kinetics of their reaction with •OOH are provided. The global rate coefficients were estimated to be 1.76 × 109 M−1 s−1, 3.19 × 109 M−1 s−1, and 1.79 × 109 M−1 s−1 in aqueous solution for dCAF-2, dCAF-16, and dCAF-82, respectively. In lipid medium, their total rate coefficients were estimated to be 3.65 × 103 M−1 s−1, 3.73 × 103 M−1 s−1, and 8.63 × 104 M−1 s−1 for dCAF-2, dCAF-16, and dCAF-82, respectively. These values allow predicting the designed caffeic acid derivatives as excellent antioxidants in both environments. The reaction forces for the main reaction path of the dCAF-2, dCAF-16, and dCAF-82 reactions with •OOH were explored.

Methods
Three protocols were used: (i) CADMA-Chem (computer-assisted design of multifunctional antioxidants, based on chemical properties) to quantify ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) properties, toxicity and synthetic accessibility; (ii) eH-DAMA (electron and hydrogen donating ability map) tool, to identify the derivatives expected to behave as the best antioxidants; (iii) QM-ORSA (quantum mechanics–based test for overall free radical scavenging activity), to calculate the rate constants. Electronic structure calculations were performed with Gaussian 09, at the M05-2X/6–311 + g(d,p) level of theory. Both aqueous and lipid environments were considered using the SMD continuous solvation model. Intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) calculations, as implemented in Gaussian 09, were used to obtain the reaction force.