bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computer Vision Syndrome in Medical Students in a Teaching Hospital a Cross sectional Observational Study
Authors: Hashim Muhsin , Gotekar Rajesh B. 
Published: December 2024

Introduction:
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought about a change in the teaching–learning pattern as most schools and teaching institutions were closed; students from kindergarden to professional degree were forced to resort to online platforms. As a result, the number of hours spent on an average by every student in front of a video display unit (VDU) has increased severalfolds. Due to this, the prevalence of computer vision syndrome (CVS) among students has grown.

Aims:
The aim of the study was to find the association of screen time with dry eye disease (DED) in medical students.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional observational study conducted at Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Medical College and Hospital, Sangli. For a duration of 18 months (January 2021 to July 2022), this study involved 600 students. Convenient sampling was used on all Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery students of the institute fulfilling inclusion criteria and willing to participate was subjected to a pro forma related to DED, followed by thorough ophthalmic workup for DED was done which included best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, tear film breakup time, Schirmer’s 1 and 2 test, and tear meniscus height.

Statistical Analysis Used:
IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 24.0. Chi-square test was used. P <0.001 was considered significant.

Results:
There was a significant association between duration of screen time and symptoms (P < 0.001), the most common symptom was dryness (41.3%). All students having a duration of screen time of 8 and above hours had at least one symptom. There was a significant association between VDU usage and severity of DED (P < 0.001). Twenty-three (4.5%) students having VDU usage of 8 and above hours had severe DED and 7 (1.4%) students having VDU usage of 0–2 h had mild DED.

Conclusion:
Increased screen exposure has resulted in an increased dryness and an increase in symptoms in the student. During COVID-19, most of the undergraduate curriculum was completed by conducting online classes which added to the overall time spent on VDU. By making certain changes in the usage of VDU and following 20-20-20 rule, one can bring down the incidence of CVS.
Study of Association between Lens Vault, Anterior Chamber Angle, and Change in Intraocular Pressure after Cataract Surgery in Glaucoma Patients
Authors: Bahadur Memuna , Amrutkar Jyoti Rambhau , Satpute Kanchangouri , Malviya Arundhati 
Published: December 2024

Aims:
The study was conducted to evaluate change in intraocular pressure (IOP) after cataract surgery in glaucoma patients and its association with lens vault (LV) and also to investigate the relation between LV and anterior chamber angle.

Materials and Methods:
This is prospective cohort study conducted at Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar Memorial Central Raiway Hospital Byculla for a duration of 1 year from jan 2018 to jan 2019. All phakic patients above 40 years of age having glaucoma with cataracts were included in the study. Complete ocular examination was done including IOP, gonioscopy, slit lamp, fundus, A-scan biometry, and anterior segment optical coherence tomography for LV. On the basis of LV, patients were divided into three groups A (<300 μm), B (300–500μm), and C(>500μm). Patients were operated for cataract surgery by phacoemulsification. Postoperatively, all patients were assessed for IOP change by measuring IOP on Day 1, 1 week, and 1 month.

Results:
Out of a total of 52 selected cases, 7, 13, and 32 were in Groups A, B, and C, respectively. At the end of 1 month, postoperative IOP in Groups B and C was significantly reduced with P = 0.003 and 0.000, respectively. There was a significant reduction in the number of antiglaucoma medications before and after surgery in Group B and Group C with P = 0.002 and 0.000, respectively, but no significant reduction in Group A with P = 1.

Conclusion:
LV is an important predictor for the amount of IOP reduction after cataract surgery in glaucoma patients. In cases with high LV, IOP was significantly reduced after cataract surgery. The association of high LV with narrow angles is statistically significant.
Efficacy of Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty vs Eye Drops as a First Line Treatment of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Shah Neeharika , Makwana Jinal , Oza Sanket , Makwana Nilam 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
Selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) is a quick, outpatient procedure with minimal recovery time and a good safety profile. However, the role of laser trabeculoplasty in the treatment of glaucoma is still not well defined. This study is done to compare the effectiveness of selective laser trabeculoplasty as a first line treatment of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) against conventional medical treatment with eye drops.

Methods:
A prospective comparative study was performed at a tertiary care centre in western India from October 2019 to October 2021. Study included 64 patients of mild to moderate severity newly diagnosed open angle glaucoma randomly given SLT or medical treatment as a first line treatment and followed up on 1st week,1st month,3rd month,6th month and 1 year to determine whether laser treatment; Achieves the desired level of intra-ocular pressure (IOP) in comparison to topical antiglaucoma medications, leads to non-progression of visual field during course of treatment, achieves equivalent levels of visual function after 1 year, is well or better tolerated by patients, needs any adjuvant treatment during course of treatment, costs less than the conventional treatment pathway of antiglaucoma medications or not.

Results:
In both study groups (treatment with SLT and treatment with eyedrops) we did not observe significant differences in Shaffer grading of angle width on gonioscopy, in cup-disc ratio, in visual field examination and pachymetry after 1 year of follow up but IOP was significantly decreased with increasing follow up. Only one patient needed repeat SLT and no patient of SLT group needed any adjuvant treatment. In eyedrops group pre-treatment mean IOP value was 19.125 and that of SLT group was 19.66, and at the end of follow-up in eyedrops group mean IOP value was 15.47 and in SLT group it was 15.84. So, in both groups of study IOP decreased significantly. We observed similar decrease of IOP between two groups (P-value 0.2703) from pre-treatment to post-treatment.

Conclusion:
SLT is possibly as effective as topical anti glaucoma medications in the treatment of patients with primary open angle glaucoma.
Analysis of Calls to Vision Rehabilitation Center during COVID-19
Authors: Beniwal Abhijeet , Senjam Suraj Singh 
Published: December 2024

Background:
People with disabilities, including blindness, were more likely to be impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic than people without disabilities. The particulars of the callers with visual disabilities, and their reasons could help us to understand their concerns during the COVID-19 emergency lockdown. This paper reported various reasons given by the callers who were visually disabled to the hotline of visual rehabilitation services during the lockdown period.

Methodology:
A retrospective review of data maintained in the telerehabilitation register for people with visual disabilities of a tertiary eye care center in north India was done from April 19, 2021, to May 27, 2021 (lockdown period). Age, gender, self-reported visual acuity, and diagnosis were extracted from the register. An inductive content analysis assessed the callers’ reasons and presented.

Results:
A total of 101 callers were noted with males predominant (79.2%), over half of the callers aged between 16 and 25 years. Nearly half of them reported that their visual acuity was <3/60 in both eyes. Retinitis pigmentosa (14.2%), retinal detachment (6.1%), parents of stage 5 retinopathy of prematurity (7.1%), and heredomacular degeneration (5.1%) optic atrophy (4.0%) were common ocular problems as indicated by the callers. The most common reason for calls was issues related to disability certificates (30.7%), followed by calls to avail general eye care (20.9%) and low vision rehabilitation consultation (20.2%). Other reasons for calls were related to admission to vocational training centers (7.8%), schools for the blind (6.2%), and livelihood support during the lockdown (3.1%), respectively.

Conclusions:
During the emergency COVID-19 lockdown period, a great majority of people with visual disabilities needed services other than eye care. Disability certificate was the most concern among the callers.
Variation on the Anterior Segment Parameters after Dilatation as Measured by Sirius Tomogram in the Young Indian Population
Authors: Singh Atul Kumar , Malik Robin , Dhar Supriya , Goenka Ranjit , Singh Gurupreet , Sharma Vikas 
Published: December 2024

Introduction:
Evaluating corneal parameters is crucial for understanding corneal diseases and ensuring accurate screening and monitoring in refractive surgeries. Precise corneal measurements are requisite for a good refractive surgery outcome. We routinely perform pupil dilatation (mydriasis) during comprehensive ophthalmological examination. Understanding the impact of dilating eye drops on corneal parameters is crucial for individuals planning refractive surgeries. Moreover, miscalculation of corneal parameters changes after dilatation might negatively impact the desired results after refractive procedures.

Purpose:
The cornea plays an important role in the precise focus of light onto the retina, facilitating the perception of clear vision. Numerous factors influence the corneal biomechanics, including the instillation of various topical eye drops. This study tries to explore the potential effects of dilating eye drops on corneal parameters.

Methods:
This cross-sectional analytical study included 55 young, healthy individuals (age 17–25 years) reporting to a boarding center for the medical examinations of different streams from June 2023 to August 2023. The sample size was calculated considering the last 3 years’ average number of candidates reporting for the examination, pre–posttest minimum central corneal thickness (CCT) values from the literature, and paired t-test for the hypothesis with a 95% confidence interval and power of the order of 0.8. All candidates underwent a detailed ophthalmological examination. The corneal tomogram was done using the Sirius (CSO Florence, Italy) machine under dim light, and pre- and postdilatation of four corneal parameters were recorded (CCT, higher-order aberrations (HOAs) at 2 mm3 and 3 mm3, and corneal volume).

Results:
On the evaluation of pre- and postmydriatic values, it was observed that the CCT (min) and HOA (2 mm3) increased significantly postmydriasis (P < 0.001 and 0.02, respectively). The effect of the mydriatic on corneal volume and HOA (3 mm3) was not found to be significantly different among pre- and postmydriatic values.

Conclusion:
This study emphasizes the role of dilating eye drops in increasing corneal thickness and corneal aberrations significantly, as measured by the Sirius tomogram, which plays a crucial role in planning various refractive procedures.
Study of Etiology of Vitreous Hemorrhage in Adult Patients Attending Tertiary Care Eye Center in Western India
Authors: Desai Neha , Panchal Margi , Aggarwal Somesh , Negi Puja 
Published: December 2024

Aim:
The aim is to study the etiology of vitreous hemorrhage in adult patients attending tertiary care eye center and to find the most common systemic association of vitreous hemorrhage in our hospital scenario.

Materials and Methods:
This was an observational, cross-sectional study done over a period of 2 years at a tertiary referral center in Western India. Around 70 adult patients with vitreous hemorrhage were evaluated to find the etiology. Detailed history was taken, followed by complete ocular examination which included best-corrected visual acuity, fundus examination, and ultrasound B scan, when the media was hazy to assess vitreous and retina. Systemic investigations were done where needed.

Results:
In our study, 67% were male and 33% were female. Bilateral involvement was found in 19%. Maximum (36%) patients were between the age of 21–35 years. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) (34%) was the most common cause of vitreous hemorrhage in our study, followed by trauma (26%) and diabetes mellitus being the most common systemic association of vitreous hemorrhage.

Conclusion:
Common etiology for vitreous hemorrhage was PDR followed by trauma. Adequate laboratory investigations are also needed to correlate systemic associations of vitreous hemorrhage and to guide for proper treatment.
The visual outcomes and corneal biomechanical properties after PRK and SMILE in low to moderate myopia
Authors: Joshi Shivani , Bari Aafreen , Shakkarwal Chetan , Agarwal Tushar , Dada Tanuj , Sinha Rajesh , Titiyal Jeewan Singh , Sharma Namrata 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
To compare the corneal biomechanical parameters, visual outcome, and epithelial remodeling after small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for low to moderate myopia.

Design:
Prospective, interventional, randomized, comparative study.

Methods:
Eighty eyes of 40 patients undergoing bilateral SMILE or PRK for low to moderate myopia (<-5 D SE) were included. They were divided into two groups based on the planned refractive surgery. Visual acuity, corneal biomechanics using Corvis-ST, epithelial mapping via anterior segment optical coherence tomography, and higher-order aberrations were recorded both preoperatively and postoperatively at 6 months and compared.

Results:
At 6 months follow-up, the corrected distance visual acuity as well as the postoperative spherical equivalent of both the groups were comparable (P = 0.13 and P = 0.32, respectively). The biomechanical parameters like deformation amplitude ratio (P < 0.01), inverse concave radius (P = 0.006), integrated ratio (P < 0.01), stress–strain index (P < 0.01), Ambrosio’s relational thickness (ArTH) (P < 0.01), and corneal biomechanical index-laser vision correction (P = 0.02) were altered more in the SMILE group than in the PRK group, while the biomechanically corrected intraocular pressure (P = 0.16) was comparable. Epithelial remodeling (P = 0.59), higher-order aberrations (P = 0.53), and stromal keratocyte loss (P = 0.16) in both the groups were comparable.

Conclusion:
Both SMILE and PRK are comparably effective procedures for correction of low to moderate myopia in terms of visual outcomes; however, the corneal biomechanical stability in PRK is superior than that in SMILE.
Multimorbidity and Depression Increase Prevalence of Frailty of Community-dwelling Indonesian Older Adults: Indonesia Care Networks Study
Authors: Handajani Yvonne Suzy , Schroeder-Butterfill Elisabeth , Hogervorst Eef , Turana Yuda , Hengky Antoninus 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Older adults with frailty have an increased risk of multiple negative health outcomes, such as disability, falls, and morbidity when exposed to physical stressors. The present study investigated the prevalence of frailty and associated risk factors among community-dwelling Indonesian older adults in several districts in Jakarta, Indonesia.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was done in several urban villages in Jakarta, Indonesia. It involved community-dwelling Indonesian older adults aged 60 and over. Sociodemographic and multiple health data were assessed and measured by a trained interviewer. Frailty was evaluated using Fried’s criteria.

Results:
The data analysis found a 14.7% prevalence of frailty among 518 participants. Multivariate analysis showed that frailty was independently associated with females (OR 3.62, 95% CI: 1.73–7.55), having multimorbidity (OR 2.01, 95% CI: 1.21–3.35), and clinical depression (OR 2.13, 95% CI: 1.24–3.65).

Conclusions:
Early interventions in younger older adults, especially women in their early 50s or 60s, might decrease frailty risk over age 60. Controlling chronic disease and better mental education and support to reduce depression risk could reduce frailty risk.
Designing a Framework for Evaluating the Scientific Productions
Authors: Norouzi Ali , Parsaei- Mohammadi Parastoo , Geraei Ehsan , Zare-Farashbandi Firoozeh 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Evaluation of scientific productions to attract, maintain, and promote faculty members is one of the necessary processes of academic societies and is of interest to policy makers in the field of higher education. This study aimed to provide a uniform and native framework for evaluating the scientific productions of researchers in the fields of science and health in Iran.

Methods:
The current research used the single-stage fuzzy Delphi technique and AHP. The research community comprised 50 top scientific experts and researchers from the country. The data collection tool was a researcher-made checklist obtained from the review of literature and laws and regulations of Iranian universities and research institutions.

Results:
Data analysis led to the identification, prioritization and weighting of eleven criteria and 124 items for the intended framework, which are, respectively, author’s authority (scientific leaders) (15 items); database used in calculating the index (3 items); Innovation and technological impact (18 items); Gaining rank in national and international festivals related to the specialized field (6 items); Citations (7 items); subject area (3 items); level of cooperation (15 items); Types of scientific productions (54 items); scientific age (3 items); Evaluating, refereeing and monitoring of research, technology and innovation activities (2 items) Author`s role and position (1 item).

Conclusion:
The final framework obtained for evaluating Iranian researchers has 11 criteria and 124 items that can be used to compile an author-centered and native scientometrics index that leads to the same evaluation of health and science researchers.
Translation, Validity, and Reliability of Depression Literacy Questionnaire in Iranian Young Adults
Authors: Raiisi Fatteme , Ebrahimi Mohamad , Ghahvehchi_Hosseini Fahimeh , Jafari Kosar , Rahmati Fatemeh 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Depression literacy has notable advantages in the early identification and treatment of depression. The current study was conducted with the aim of translating and investigating the validity and reliability of the Depression Literacy Questionnaire (D-Lit) in Iranian young adults.

Methods:
The current study entailed a descriptive-analytical study in which the translation, validation, and preparation of the Persian version of D-Lit were conducted. It had two stages: translation and validation. In order to check the composite reliability, the statistical population consisted of Iranian adults in the city of Mashhad, and 300 people participated in this study in the form of a census. The content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) indices were used for content validity.

Results:
The results of the content validity evaluation of this questionnaire indicated that both the CVR and CVI indices have higher-than-average coefficients (0.78 and 0.83). Furthermore, the Cronbach’s alpha value for the components of the D-Lit was found to be higher than 0.70. In the present study, the questionnaire’s reliability was assessed using the intra-cluster correlation coefficient (ICC), and the difficulty coefficient for the whole questionnaire and its sub-components was at a favorable level. Out of 22 questions, 17 questions of this questionnaire were retained and questions 1, 17, and 22 were removed due to low CVR and CVI in the validity stage, and questions 5 and 13 were removed due to common factor load in the factor analysis stage.

Conclusion:
According to the content validity and reliability in this study, this tool can be used to identify underlying factors, etiology, and treatment of depression.
Resolution of Nonspecific Low Back Pain in Athletes with Core Stability Exercises: A Systematic Review
Authors: Singhal Tanya , Jain Shilpa , Kalra Sheetal , Chorsiya Varsha , Dhiman Sapna , Chhabra Charu , Bhutani Jatin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Complaints of nonspecific low back pain (NSLBP) have been reported by several athletes, which consequently affects their sports performance. The integration of local trunk muscles and sensory processes necessary for stability and reducing back pain can be impacted using core stabilization exercises. The current review aims to synthesize evidence that evaluates the effect of core stability exercises (CSE) in athletes with NSLBP.

Materials and Methods:
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were used to conduct this systematic review. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database and various electronic databases in the English language, such as PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and other search engines, were searched for relevant research that had been published between 2018 and 2022.

Results:
Out of 18,016 studies on the initial search, 16,766 studies were removed because they were duplicates, ineligible by automation tools, and after title screening. An abstract review was done for the remaining 1250 studies. Five articles were initially included in this systematic review but eventually, in 2022, one of the articles was retracted from the public domain. Four full-text randomized controlled trials on core strengthening in athletes with NSLBP were assessed for eligibility and were included in this qualitative review.

Conclusions:
The findings from the included studies indicate that CSE significantly reduces pain intensity and disability, thereby playing a crucial role in the management of NSLBP. CSE should be considered when managing NSLBP in athletes, with a potential for even greater benefits when combined with other therapies.
Development of Cinnamon bark oil (Cinnamomum burmannii) as an anti-acne nanoemulgel and its effectiveness against Propionibacterium acnes
Authors: Ameliana Lidya , Rosyidi Viddy Agustian 
Published: December 2024

Background: Acne is caused by blockage of hair follicles and skin pores due to excess sebum production on the skin. Commonly used anti-acne include typical antibiotic creams or gels of clindamycin, tetracycline, and erythromycin. The use of these drugs often causes dry skin, redness, itching, and resistance to bacteria. The cinnamon bark oil which contains cinnamaldehyde, has been studied to have antibacterial activity.
Objective: To determine the best formula of Cinnamon bark oil nanoemulgel with good physical quality and the highest antibacterial activity against P. acnes.
Method: Cinnamon bark oil was formulated as a nanoemulsion and mixed with Carbopol, a gelling agent. Nanoemulgels were produced and evaluated through organoleptic tests, pH, viscosity, antibacterial activity, and stability testing.
Result: The results showed that the particle size, zeta potential, and % transmittance of the cinnamon bark oil emulsion were accurate for an ideal nanoemulsion. All three formulas produced a light yellow, transparent colour, had a thin and mild gel consistency, and cinnamon bark oil scent, and fulfilled the requirements of the best formula of Cinnamon bark oil nanoemulgel that had good physical quality and the highest antibacterial activity against P.acnes.
Conclusion: The best formula that had antibacterial activity for P. acnes was Formula 3.