bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aerosol Optical Depths during Two Harmattan Seasons in Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Authors: Obisesan Omodara E. 
Published: August 2021

Aim: To quantify the atmospheric aerosol loading in order to predict the severity and accompanying consequences of aerosols at a tropical location in Ile-Ife, southwest Nigeria.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, between November 2017 and March 2019.
Methodology: Daily measurements of Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) at about the local noon (12:30 pm–1:30 pm) for two consecutive Harmattan seasons (November 2017–March 2018; and November 2018 – March 2019) were carried out at three different wavelengths, 465 nm, 540 nm and 619 nm using a manually operated hand-held sun photometer (model Calitoo).
Results: The mean values of AOD were 0.98, 0.87 and 0.83 in the 465 nm, 540 nm and 619 nm wavelengths respectively for November 2017 – March 2018; and 0.94, 0.83 and 0.78 in the 465 nm, 540 nm and 619 nm wavelengths respectively for November 2018 – March 2019. The values assume high levels of haziness at the study location. Intense Harmattan dust storm was experienced on some typical days with AOD values > 2. The resulting elevated level of atmospheric haziness led to visibility deterioration and visibility values greatly reduced to 1 km on such days. December, January and February months were the peak of the Harmattan. The distribution of the particle size indicated that the dominated aerosol is the coarse mode Harmattan dust during the period of study.
Conclusion: The study location experiences a polluted atmosphere during the Harmattan season.
Analysis between Cigarette and Shisha Smokers for Early Atherogenesis: A Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Iqbal Danish , Burhan Izhar Wasif , Choudhary Ranjay Kumar , Alaidarous Mohammed , Alshehri Bader Mohammed , Banawas Saeed , Mir Shabir Ahmad 
Published: August 2021

Aims: Tobacco smoking is a major health issue in Saudi Arabia, particularly among the student population. Smoking is one of the major risk factors in the genesis of coronary atherosclerosis and the development of coronary heart disease. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cigarette and shisha smoking on atherogenic indexes, lipid profile and hematological parameters of undergraduate smokers at Majmaah University.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2019 and March 2020, at the Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, enrolling 100 undergraduate students (35 cigarette smokers, 30 shisha smokers, 35 non-smokers). The subjects were asked to fast overnight and early morning blood samples were collected and analyzed to measure lipid parameters, complete blood cell count and LDH. Lipid parameters were used to calculate lipid indexes and atherogenic indexes.
Results: Compared with non-smokers, cigarette and shisha smokers had significantly higher levels of TC, TG, LDL-C and VLDL-C, but significantly lower levels of HDL-C. The values of comprehensive lipid indexes, including non-HDL-C, TC/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, atherogenic index (AI), lipoprotein combine index (LCI), and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) were all significantly higher in cigarette and shisha smokers. Hematological parameters were found to be within normal reference range, however when compared with non-smokers, cigarette and shisha smokers has significantly higher values of complete blood cell count, except for lymphocytes and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) which were significantly lower. LDH was also found to be elevated in cigarette and shisha smokers.
Conclusion: The findings of this study shows that, both cigarette and shisha smokers have abnormal lipid profile suggesting dyslipidemia. Prediction of early atherosclerosis through the atherogenic indexes was observed to be significantly higher in shisha smokers than in cigarette smokers. Therefore, shisha smoking has more adverse effects on the health status of adult smokers. This study adds to the accumulating evidence on the harmful effects of shisha smoking, which is a growing epidemic among young smokers, and calls for the awareness of the possible consequences of developing early atherogenesis.
The Content, Antioxidant Activity, and Structural Characteristics of Sodium Alginate Extracting from Sargassum polycystum Grew in Vietnam: Effect of Various Extraction Conditions
Authors: Thuat Nguyen Dinh , Boi Vu Ngoc , Hoan Nguyen Xuan , Tuyen Dang Thi Thanh , Kieu Do Thuy , Nguyen Nguyen Kim , Huy Nguyen Ngoc Bao , Trinh Pham the , Thuan Pham Thanh , Cuong Dang Xuan 
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Alginate is a biopolymer commonly in brown algae, high content, diversity in structure and bioactivity. They are applied to other fields such as food, functional food, pharmaceuticals, and heavy industry and extracted from Sargassum, Laminarin, Tubinaria and Sargassum polycystum species commonly grow in the world than another genus. The content, the antioxidant activity, and the physical chemistry properties of alginate extracting from the species did not exhibit in the previous studies.
Methods: The study focused on the impact of various extraction conditions (temperature (40 to 90,oC), time (01 to 06, hours), the solvent-to-material ratio (10/1 to 40/1, v/w), solvent pH (8, 9, 10), and numbers of extraction (1, 2, and 3 times) on alginate content and its antioxidant activity, also evaluated sugar compositions, average molecular, viscosity, and 13C-NMR spectrum characteristics of alginate.
Results: The results showed that the suitable condition for the extraction of alginate was for 4 hours at 60oC with the ratio of Na2CO3 (pH 9)-to-material (40/1, v/w) and one number of extraction. The highest alginate content was 176.22 mg uronic acid equivalent/g DW, corresponding to antioxidant activity (188.54 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g DW). Alginate possessed the intrinsic viscosity (271.86, ƞ) and the average molecular weight (78.6, kD). Different sugar compositions of antioxidant alginate were fructose, fucose, mannose, galactose, rhamnose, mannose, and glucose. The 13C-NMR spectrum of antioxidant alginate exhibited chemical shifts of C sites of D-mannuronic (M) and L-guluronic (G), corresponded to C1, C2, C6, and C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, respectively.
Conclusion: Alginate is non-toxic, therefore, antioxidant alginate extracting from brown algae Sargassum polycystum grown in Vietnam is a potential in functional food and pharmaceuticals.
Perception and Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccination among Patients in a Tertiary Hospital in South-East Nigeria
Authors: Apakama A. I. , Uzozie C. C. , Amobi M. C. , Okosa M. C. , Onwuegbuna A. A. 
Published: August 2021

Aims: To determine the perception and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination among patients in a tertiary eye hospital.
Study Design: A cross-sectional hospital-based study.
Place and Duration of Study: Guinness Eye Centre Onitsha, South-East Nigeria between 1st to 29th June 2021
Methodology: An interviewer-administered semi-structured pretested questionnaire on sociodemographic, knowledge, perception and acceptance on coronavirus disease and its vaccine was used to collect data on eligible patients. Data obtained was analyzed with SPSS version 23 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA). Descriptive statistics including frequency tables, mean and standard deviation was used to present categorical variables.
Results: A total of 386 patients were interviewed comprising 157 (40.7%) males and 229(59.3%) females, and aged 18 to 93 years (mean age of 44.73±18.49 years). Two hundred and fifty-eight (66.8%) patients knew of COVID-19 vaccine availability in Nigeria, with 90 (34.9%) not knowing where they could obtain the vaccine. Only 34 (8.8%) had taken the vaccine. Uptake of COVID-19 vaccine is strongly associated with patient’s perception of COVID-19 being real (P=0.006), patients trust in the information head about the vaccine (P=0.001), and their trust on the efficacy and safety of the COVID-19 vaccine (P˂0.001). Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine is not significantly associated with their faith in the previous human vaccinations(P=0.076).
Conclusion: The uptake of COVID-19 vaccine in the study group is low. Therefore, there is an urgent need for re-strategizing on various ways to enlighten the public and widen the scope of information dissemination.
Clinical Experience of Mini-Open Hepatectomy to Aid a Laparoscopic Approach: A Case Series
Authors: Iida Hiroya , Nakajima Takayoshi , Ikuta Shinichi , Aihara Tsukasa , Yamanaka Naoki 
Published: August 2021

Introduction
Laparoscopic surgery is recently becoming widespread in the area of liver treatment. However, mobilization of the liver is difficult using laparoscopy alone because of its volume and weight. Ensuring a wider visual field and controlling blood loss are also difficult. We used a hybrid approach involving direct vision and laparoscopy for performing hepatectomy through a small incision to overcome these problems.

Case Presentation
Mini-open hepatectomy was performed on 64 patients between January 2010 and December 2013. Mobilization of the liver was performed using the smallest possible laparotomy incision. Detachment of right or left triangular ligaments was done using laparoscopy because direct vision of the operation field was impossible. Hepatectomy was performed through a small laparotomy incision. Most operations (47%) involved partial resections. Of these, segmentectomies were performed on 20 patients, whereas lobectomy was performed on 7 patients. The median intraoperative bleeding was 565 mL, and the operative time was 247 minutes. The median postoperative hospital stay was 14 days. There was no postoperative mortality.

Conclusion
We present the clinical use of mini-open hepatectomy to aid the laparoscopic approach with satisfactory short-term results.
Comparison of Ellagic Acid and NSAI Agents in the Treatment of Achilles Tendon Lacerations: An Experimental Study in Rabbits
Authors: Allahverdi Ertuğrul , Allahverdi Tülay Diken , Vural Sevil 
Published: August 2021

Objective
Although Achilles tendon ruptures can have many causes, they are known to develop most commonly with trauma. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and low doses of corticosteroids are used in the medical treatment of tendon ruptures. Ellagic acid (EA), which also has an anti-inflammatory effect, has been reported to show its effect via cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) inhibition as well. The effects of EA and diclofenac sodium on tendon healing were compared in this study.

Methods
We used a total of 18 male New Zealand rabbits in 3 groups with 6 in each. The study was performed under general anesthesia with a xylazine-ketamine combination. After a defect was created in the right Achilles tendon of all the rabbits, group I was administered diclofenac sodium and group II was administered EA for 1 week, whereas the control group (group III) was not administered anything. Postoperative follow-up was provided for all groups.

Results
Euthanasia was performed in all subjects at the end of the eighth week, and the tendons were compared in terms of macroscopic and histopathologic features and tensile resistance. Although there was no statistically significant difference in the tensile resistance Newton values of group I and group II, these values were higher than in the control group, and the NSAI group values were statistically significantly higher than in the control group.

Conclusions
We concluded that EA and NSAIs could be effective in the recovery of tendon integrity and tensile strength and increasing the movement capacity in pathology caused by tendon damage because of their anti-inflammatory features.
Stereotactic body radiotherapy using a hydrogel spacer for localized prostate cancer: A dosimetric comparison between tomotherapy with the newly‐developed tumor‐tracking system and cyberknife
Authors: Manabe Yoshihiko , Hashimoto Seiji , Mukouyama Hideki , Shibamoto Yuta 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeWith a new tumor‐tracking system (Synchrony®) for tomotherapy (Radixact®), the internal and set‐up margins can be tightened, like cyberknife (CyberKnife®), in the planning of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for prostate cancer. Recently, the usefulness of placing a hydrogel spacer between the prostate and rectum has been established in prostate radiotherapy. We evaluated the characteristics of tomotherapy plans with the tumor‐tracking system and compared them with cyberknife SBRT plans for localized prostate cancer using a hydrogel spacer.MethodsIn 20 patients, two plans were created and compared using tomotherapy and cyberknife. All patients underwent hydrogel spacer injection behind the prostate before simulation CT and MRI for fusion. For all plans, 36.25 Gy in 7.25‐Gy fractions for a minimum coverage dose of 95% of planning target volume (PTV) (D95%) was prescribed. The D99% of PTV and D0.1 ml of the PTV, urethra, bladder, and rectum were intended to be > 90%, 110–130%, 100–110%, <110%, and <100%, respectively, of the prescribed doses.ResultsAll plans using tomotherapy and cyberknife achieved the intended dose constraints. The cyberknife plans yielded better median PTV‐V110% (volume of PTV covered by 110% isodose line, 54.8%), maintaining lower median D0.1 ml of the urethra (37.5 Gy) and V80% of the bladder (11.0 ml) compared to the tomotherapy plans (39.0%; p < 0.0001, 38.2 Gy; p < 0.0001, and 18.3 ml; p < 0.0001, respectively). The tomotherapy plans were superior to the cyberknife plans for the rectum (V80% = 0.4 vs. 1.0 ml, p < 0.001; D1ml = 26.4 vs. 29.0 Gy, p = 0.013).ConclusionsOur results suggested that tomotherapy with the tumor‐tracking system has reasonable potential for SBRT for localized prostate cancer using a hydrogel spacer.
Benzothienobenzothiophene‐Based Organic Charge Transfer Complex and Carbon Nanotube Composites for p‐Type and n‐Type Thermoelectric Materials and Generators
Authors: Qin Shihui , Tan Jingjuan , Qin Jinfeng , Luo Jiye , Jin Jiaoying , Huang Si , Wang Lei , Liu Danqing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOrganic charge transfer complexes (CTCs) or electron donor–acceptor complexes have been intensively studied as organic semiconductors or organic conductors in organic electronics. Herein, the composite of CTCs and single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is studied as both p‐type and n‐type thermoelectric materials for flexible thermoelectric generators. CTCs are formed by [1]benzothieno[3,2‐b][1]benzothiophene (BTBT) derivatives with different side chains as electron donors and 2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoro‐7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4TCNQ) as electron acceptors. The thermoelectric properties of the composites as well as the effect of side chains in BTBT derivatives are investigated. It is found that the PhBTBT–F4TCNQ/SWCNT composite film shows the highest p‐type power factor of 244.3 µW m−1 K−2; while the C8BTBT–F4TCNQ/SWCNT composite film exhibits the highest n‐type power factor of 105.1 µW m−1 K−2. The thermoelectric module based on five p–n junctions of C8BTBT–F4TCNQ/SWCNT exhibits the highest output voltage of 13.1 mV and output power of 340 nW under a 38 K temperature gradient. This device performance is mainly generated from the moderate carrier concentrations and low film defects in the n‐type C8BTBT–F4TCNQ/SWCNT composite film.
Novel cases of pediatric sudden cardiac death secondary to TRDN mutations presenting as long QT syndrome at rest and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia during exercise: The TRDN arrhythmia syndrome
Authors: Rabbani Bahareh , Khorgami Mohammadrafi , Dalili Mohammad , Zamani Nasrin , Mahdieh Nejat , Gollob Michael H. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTRDN mutations cause catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) but may present with abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) findings provoking a diagnosis of long QT syndrome (LQTS). We report two novel cases of sudden cardiac death in children due to mutations of TRDN, providing further insight into this rare and aggressive inherited arrhythmia syndrome. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed in two unrelated children who experienced cardiac arrest during exercise and were negative for targeted testing of LQTS. WES identified a novel homozygous splice‐site mutation in both patients, denoted c.22+1G>T, absent from gnomAD and suggesting a founder variant in the Iranian population. We now summarize the genetic architecture of all reported TRDN‐related patients, including 27 patients from 21 families. The average age‐onset was 30 months (range 1–10) for all cases. Adrenergic‐mediated cardiac events were common, occurring in 23 of 27 cases (85%). LQTS was diagnosed in 10 cases (37%), CPVT in 10 (37%) cases, and in 7 cases. No phenotypic diagnosis was provided. Five cases (15%) had evidence for associated skeletal myopathy. Four missense TRDN variants (24%) were observed in diseased cases, while the remaining variants reflect putative loss‐of‐function (LOF) mutations. No disease phenotype was reported in 26 heterozygous carriers. In conclusion, TRDN mutations cause a rare autosomal recessive arrhythmia syndrome presenting with adrenergic‐mediated arrhythmic events, but with ECG abnormalities leading to a diagnosis of LQTS in a proportion of cases. Heterozygous carriers are free of disease manifestations.
Die Struktur des Cyclodecatriens Collinolacton, seine Biosynthese und semisynthetische Derivate: monopolare Spindeln und Schutz vor intrazellulärem oxidativem Stress
Authors: Schmid Julian C. , Frey Kerstin , Scheiner Matthias , Garzón Jaime Felipe Guerrero , Stafforst Luise , Fricke Jan‐Niklas , Schuppe Michaela , Schiewe Hajo , Zeeck Axel , Weber Tilmann , Usón Isabel , Kemkemer Ralf , Decker Michael , Grond Stephanie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDas kürzlich beschriebene Rhizolutin und Collinolacton, das aus Streptomyces Gö 40/10 isoliert wurde, besitzen dasselbe neuartige Kohlenstoffgerüst. Analysen mittels NMR und Kristallstrukturanalyse belegen die Struktur von Collinolacton und machen eine Korrektur der Stereochemie von Rhizolutin erforderlich. Fütterungsexperimente mit isotopenmarkierten Vorstufen zeigen, dass Collinolacton über eine Typ‐I‐Polyketidsynthase mit anschließender Baeyer‐Villiger‐Oxidation synthetisiert wird. CRISPR‐basierte genetische Arbeiten führten zur Entdeckung des Genclusters und einem optimierten Produktionsstamm. Chemische Semisynthesen lieferten Derivate von Collinolacton, welche die Viabilität von L929‐Zellen reduzieren. Fluoreszenzmikroskopie zeigte, dass diese Derivate während der Zellteilung monopolare Spindeln induzieren. Dem beschriebenen Schutz von Rhizolutin gegen Alzheimer folgend studierten wir die neuroprotektiven Eigenschaften von Collinolacton und dessen Derivaten an Glutamat‐sensitiven Zellen (HT22). Tatsächlich zeigt Collinolacton eine Schutzwirkung gegen intrazellulären oxidativen Stress.
The Structure of Cyclodecatriene Collinolactone, its Biosynthesis, and Semisynthetic Analogues: Effects of Monoastral Phenotype and Protection from Intracellular Oxidative Stress
Authors: Schmid Julian C. , Frey Kerstin , Scheiner Matthias , Garzón Jaime Felipe Guerrero , Stafforst Luise , Fricke Jan‐Niklas , Schuppe Michaela , Schiewe Hajo , Zeeck Axel , Weber Tilmann , Usón Isabel , Kemkemer Ralf , Decker Michael , Grond Stephanie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRecently described rhizolutin and collinolactone isolated from Streptomyces Gö 40/10 share the same novel carbon scaffold. Analyses by NMR and X‐Ray crystallography verify the structure of collinolactone and propose a revision of rhizolutin's stereochemistry. Isotope‐labeled precursor feeding shows that collinolactone is biosynthesized via type I polyketide synthase with Baeyer–Villiger oxidation. CRISPR‐based genetic strategies led to the identification of the biosynthetic gene cluster and a high‐production strain. Chemical semisyntheses yielded collinolactone analogues with inhibitory effects on L929 cell line. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that only particular analogues induce monopolar spindles impairing cell division in mitosis. Inspired by the Alzheimer‐protective activity of rhizolutin, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of collinolactone and its analogues on glutamate‐sensitive cells (HT22) and indeed, natural collinolactone displays distinct neuroprotection from intracellular oxidative stress.
A Nonheme Mononuclear {FeNO}7 Complex that Produces N2O in the Absence of an Exogenous Reductant
Authors: Dey Aniruddha , Gordon Jesse B. , Albert Therese , Sabuncu Sinan , Siegler Maxime A. , MacMillan Samantha N. , Lancaster Kyle M. , Moënne‐Loccoz Pierre , Goldberg David P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA new nonheme iron(II) complex, FeII(Me3TACN)((OSiPh2)2O) (1), is reported. Reaction of 1 with NO(g) gives a stable mononitrosyl complex Fe(NO)(Me3TACN)((OSiPh2)2O) (2), which was characterized by Mössbauer (δ=0.52 mm s−1, |ΔEQ|=0.80 mm s−1), EPR (S=3/2), resonance Raman (RR) and Fe K‐edge X‐ray absorption spectroscopies. The data show that 2 is an {FeNO}7 complex with an S=3/2 spin ground state. The RR spectrum (λexc=458 nm) of 2 combined with isotopic labeling (15N, 18O) reveals ν(N‐O)=1680 cm−1, which is highly activated, and is a nearly identical match to that seen for the reactive mononitrosyl intermediate in the nonheme iron enzyme FDPnor (ν(NO)=1681 cm−1). Complex 2 reacts rapidly with H2O in THF to produce the N‐N coupled product N2O, providing the first example of a mononuclear nonheme iron complex that is capable of converting NO to N2O in the absence of an exogenous reductant.
New invasive predator reduces the abundance of native prey in a cold‐temperate marine fouling community
Authors: Battini Nicolás , Giachetti Clara B. , Castro Karen L. , Bortolus Alejandro , Schwindt Evangelina 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Invasive species threaten the conservation of marine environments, and urgent management strategies are needed to prevent their introduction, establishment and spread. Specifically, marine invasive predators destabilize ecological interactions and alter community structure and function. However, most of the evidence showing the effect of these predators is restricted to a few species and regions, while for others the information remains scarce.
This study experimentally evaluated the ecological effects of the sea slug Pleurobranchaea maculata, a recently introduced invasive predator, on the fouling communities of a cold‐temperate port in the South‐western Atlantic.
The results show that increasing predation pressure reduces significantly the abundance of sea anemones, which are among the preferred prey items.
This study reveals new evidence to help better understand the effects of P. maculata on the biological communities of a recently invaded region. Furthermore, it provides the first experimental evidence supporting the hypothesis that marine invasive predators can induce a significant decrease in the abundance of native species in benthic communities of cold‐temperate marine environments in the South‐western Atlantic.
A new generalized bounded real lemma for continuous‐time descriptor systems
Authors: Wu Jenq‐Lang , Yung Chee‐Fai 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a new generalized Lyapunov theorem and a new generalized bounded real lemma for continuous‐time linear descriptor systems. First, we provide a necessary and sufficient condition in terms of strict linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) for the admissibility of descriptor systems. Subsequently, we demonstrate that a descriptor system is L2‐gain stable if and only if two strict LMIs are feasible. Other than existing results, only one matrix variable in the LMIs needs to be solved that can be indefinite. Some illustrative examples are provided to validate the theoretical results.