bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toxicity of Intravitreally Administered Alpha-Interferon
Authors: Dharma Shashi K , Peyman Gholam A , Vernot Jackie , Fiscella Richard 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We studied the toxicity of single doses of intravitreally administered alpha-interferon in albino rabbits. Doses of 420.000, 210,000, 105,000, 52,500 , and 26,250 units/0.1 cc showed no significant histologic changes by light microscopy or altered retinal function assessed by photopic and scotopic electroretinography.
The Intraocular Penetration of Acyclovir After Subconjunctival Administration
Authors: Schulman Joel , Peyman Gholam A , Liu John , Scott Mark , Barber John C 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Five patients received a subconjunctival injection (25 mg) of acyclovir before undergoing scheduled enucleation. Seven hours after injection, the observed aqueous and vitreous levels of acyclovir were above the minimum inhibitory concentrations for many herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2. Systemic absorption measured at two and seven hours after injection was negligible.
Late Onset, Progressive, Peripheral Anterior Synechiae With Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Van Buskirk E Michael 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Four eyes of three patients who had had posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation developed peripheral anterior synechiae overlying the lens haptics many months after the original implantation. The synechiae progressed over time, but a portion of the chamber angle remained open in all cases. Two of the three patients had had an underlying open-angle glaucoma and were on pilocarpine therapy prior to the implantation surgery. The exacerbation of their glaucoma from new peripheral anterior synechiae required advancement in medical therapy in three of four eyes with the fourth requiring filtration surgery. Patients with posterior chamber intraocular lenses should have gonioscopy preoperatively and on a regular basis following implantation surgery.
Proliferative Sickle Cell Retinopathy Under Age 20: A Review
Authors: Kimmel Andrew S , Magargal Larry E , Maizel Ray , Robb-Doyle Eileen 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Of the 256 sickle patients with hemaglobinopathies SC, SS and S-thal referred to the Wills Eye Hospital Retina Vascular Service from 1966 through 1983, 64 (50%) of the 128 males and 71 (55%) of the 128 females were less than 20 years old. Proliferative sickle retinopathy (PSR) was documented by fluorescein angiography in five of the males (8%) and two of the females (3%) under age 20. Included in this series is a 13-yearold black girl with homozygous sickle cell anemia (HbSS), to our knowledge the youngest reported case of PSR in an SS patient. This report emphasizes the importance of ophthalmic examinations in teenage sickle patients to detect and treat proliferative disease.
Pre- and Postoperative Therapy in Cataract Extraction
Authors: Mizuno Katsuyoshi , Miyake Kensaku 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This review is an update on the subjects directly or indirectly concerning pre- and postoperative therapy in cataract extraction. Topics were selected from those which the authors thought to be significant mainly from the clinical point of view. The review covers antiprostaglandins therapy, intraocular lens, Nd-YAG laser and others. The authors briefly summarize the latest trends in the above topics and give critical comments.
Transscleral Iridotomy Using a Neodymium:YAG Laser Operated Both With Standard Equipment and an Optical Fiber System - A Preliminary Report: Part I - Optical System and Biomicroscopic Results
Authors: Rol Pascal , Kwasniewska Sylwia , van der Zypen Eugen , Fankhauser Franz 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The effects upon the iris of radiation emitted by a Nd:YAG laser working in its thermal (free-running) mode and transmitted through the sclera were studied. The advantages and disadvantages of a fiber optic system, as compared to a conventional optical system, were studied using eight autopsy eyes. It was shown that the conventional optical system as well as a fiber optic system are both able to perforate the iris completely and to blast away or destroy the pigment epithelium. One merit of the fiber optic system as compared to the conventional system is that it requires considerably less energy for the same effect. This is partially because the sclera, when compressed, becomes more transparent and thus transmits a greater amount of laser energy.
Filtration Surgery in Black Patients: Early Results in a West Indian Population
Authors: Shingleton Bradford J , Distler John A , Baker Ben H 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We reviewed the early results of 80 filtration procedures when used as the initial surgical treatment in a Saint Lucian West Indian black population with primary open angle glaucoma. Two techniques were used: trabeculectomy under a scierai Bap with fornix-based conjunctiva! flap (Group 1) and full thickness posterior lip sclerectomy with limbal-based conjunctíval flap (Group 2). Postoperatively, with an average follow-up of six months, Group 2 had significantly lower intraocular pressures, reduced glaucoma medication requirements, and increased cystic bleb formation. Vision did not differ significantly between the two groups postoperatlvely, although two Group 1 patients developed progressive glaucomatous visual loss. Complications were slightly more frequent in Group 2. The results of this study suggest that a full thickness sclerectomy technique merits consideration as the initial filtration procedure of choice in West Indian blacks with advanced open angle glaucoma.
The Use of Sodium Hyaluronate (Hyalcon) for the Removal of Severely Subluxated Lenses
Authors: Toczolowski Jerzy R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Sodium hyaluronate (Hyalcon) was used for the removal of severely subluxated lenses in six patients. Sodium hyaluronate injected into the vitreous beneath the lens caused the lens to elevate and stabilize within the pupil area, where it was protected by the viscous preparation from total luxation. The procedure greatly facilitates the removal of the lens by one of the commonly used methods.
Peripheral Multifield Scanning Fluorescein Angiography for the Evaluation of Proliferative Sickle Cell Retinopathy
Authors: Stephens Robert F , Magargal Larry E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Evaluation of proliferative sickle cell retinopathy requires detailed studies of the retina periphery, including pre-treatment documentation of active neovascular (sea fan) lesions. Multifield angiography of the periphery (MAP) is recommended for the analysis of these lesions. This method is also valuable for the pre- and post-treatment quantitative angiographic evaluation of peripheral circumferential retinal scatter photocoagulation (PCRP).
Cost-Effective Cataract Surgery in Developing Nations
Authors: Schwab Larry 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Today approximately twenty million people are blind (visual acuity less than 3/60 [10/20O]) and tens of millions more are visually disabled (visual acuity less than 6/18 [6/6OB from cataract. Most of these people live in impoverished developing nations. The logistics of providing cataract surgical care for them are complex. Simplifying the cataract operation, employing appropriate technology, and training non-physicians in intraocular surgery is efficient cost-effective strategy in many developing African nations.
Diagnosis and Therapeutic Surgery of the Uvea - Part II: Results
Authors: Peyman Gholam A , Schulman Joel , Raichand Motilal 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Fifty-five patients underwent eye wall biopsy (11) or eye wall resection (44). Eye wall resection was performed for suspected melanoma in 42 cases and large von Hippel angiomas in an additional two patients.
Two of the 35 individuals with choroidal melanoma died, representing a 5.7% mortality rate over a mean follow-up period of more than five years. Visual acuity, ocular morbidity, and tumor-associated deaths in this series are compared with results using other treatment modalities for choroidal melanoma.
A New Suturing Method for the Treatment of Giant Retinal Tear
Authors: Nishi Okihiro , Ideta Hidenao 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We report a new method for suturing the retina to the ocular wall when this is required for treatment of retinal detachment due to giant retinal tear. After closed vitrectomy, one of two ski-shaped needles (2.8 mm long and 0.4 mm thick) with an 8-0 nylon thread is introduced from a 1.4 mm scleral incision in the pars plana, advanced under direct observation through the retinal flap, and led extraocularly to an appropriate site in the opposite ocular wall. The second needle is advanced similarly through the same scleral incision and exited from the opposite ocular wall. The thread is then tied extraocularly on the sclera. The retinas of two patients were successfully reattached using this procedure in combination with encircling and the use of SF6 gas and air.
Paranasal Sinusitis, Orbital Abscess, and Inflammatory Tumors of the Orbit
Authors: Reidy James J , Giltner James , Apple David J , Anderson Richard L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We present the clinical, radiological, and histopathological findings from a case of unilateral inflammatory mass of the right orbit, originating in the ipsilateral paranasal sinuses. A connection between inflammatory tumors of the orbit and paranasal sinusitis has been suspected for many years. This case shows a definite association between chronic paranasal sinusitis, orbital cellulitis, subperiosteal abscess, and formation of an inflammatory orbital tumor. Early diagnosis combined with appropriate therapeutic measures is essential in order to prevent adverse consequences, which can include severe visual loss.
Long-Term Follow-up of Photocoagulated Choroidal Neovascular Membranes in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Jalkh Alex E , Nasrallah Fadi , Trempe Clement L , McMeel J Wallace , Weiter John J , Schepens Charles L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Eighty-nine consecutive eyes with age-related macular degeneration and choroidal neovascularization treated with green argon laser were followed for an average of 54 months after photocoagulation. Good anatomical and functional results were obtained in 36 of 52 eyes (69%) with foveal new vessels, in 12 of 20 eyes (60%) with juxtafoveal new vessels, and in 13 of 17 eyes (76%) with perifoveal new vessels. Thirty-four of the 89 eyes (38%) had at least one recurrence of new vessels, which most often affected the edge of the previously treated area (30 eyes, 34%). In 18 eyes (20%), these recurrences involved the edge of the scar closer to the fovea.
Evaluation of an Absorbable Muscle Sleeve to Limit Postoperative Adhesions in Strabismus Surgery
Authors: Sondhi Naval , Ellis Forrest D , Hamed Latif M , Helveston Eugene M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A muscle sleeve fashioned from polyglactin 910 Vicryl* mesh was used in a rabbit animal model to evaluate its efficacy in decreasing postoperative adhesions encountered in extraocular muscle surgery. Clinical observations, as well as gross and histological comparison of the experimental and control groups, revealed a significant reduction in postoperative adhesions under conditions of normal surgical trauma. Where there was extensive trauma, however, no significant reduction was observed. No evidence of toxicity of the material to ocular tissues was found.
Conjunctival Flaps Revisited
Authors: Insler Michael S , Pechous Bryan 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Thirty-three patients received a conjunctival flap for corneal diseases recalcitrant to medical therapy. Twenty-five of them received a total hood flap, and eight a partial conjunctival flap. Persistent corneal ulceration secondary to treated bacterial or viral ulcers accounted for more than 50% of these cases. Eleven of the 33 patients had undergone prior penetrating keratoplasty and received conjunctival flaps when the grafts completely failed despite medical management. Nine of the 33 underwent penetrating keratoplasty an average of 14.8 months following the flap procedure; the visual acuity of eight of these patients improved.
Use of Healon in Different Cataract Surgery Techniques: Endothelial Cell Count Study
Authors: Alpar John J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The effect of the intracameral application of 1% sodium hyaluronate (Healon®) in various cataract extraction techniques was evaluated in four groups of ten cats each whose natural lenses were removed using four different techniques. In a fifth group, the intraocular lenses (IOLs) were implanted over the crystalline lens. Each animal's right eye was treated with Healon and each left eye with balanced salt solution (BSS®). Healon-treated eyes lost almost 50% fewer endothelial cells and had a smaller increase in corneal thickness than their counterpart eyes treated with BSS. Lens implantation and phacoemulsification procedures caused the greatest endothelial cell loss, while neodymium YAG laser capsulotomy, a less traumatic procedure, minimized this loss.
Cornea Fistula
Authors: Musco Paul S , Aquavella James V 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We report a case of corneal fistulization which developed following acute hydrops in a patient with keratoconus. Treatment with thermokeratoplasty yielded good visual results. Corneal rupture and fistulization occurring after acute hydrops has been unreported. This case illustrates the need to be alert to these complications.
Idiopathic Central Serous Retinopathy in China: A Report of 600 Cases (624 Eyes) Treated by Acupuncture
Authors: Lu Ji-Guang , Friberg Thomas R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Six hundred Chinese patients (624 eyes) with clinically diagnosed central serous retinopathy were treated by consecutive courses of acupuncture. Eighty-six percent of patients had resolution of their subretinal fluid within 3 months of treatment, a result similar to the natural history of the disease as reported by others in non-Chinese patients. Central serous retinopathy was most common in the 30 to 50 year age group, occurred in males seven times more frequently than in females, and was bilateral in 4% of patients.
Enlargement of Melanocytic Iris Lesions
Authors: Territo Carla , Augsburger James J , Schroeder Robert P , Shields Jerry A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We evaluated the natural history of 175 melanocytic lesions (nevus or melanoma) of the iris which were managed initially by observation without surgical intervention. Only eight of the 175 lesions (4.6%) enlarged during a median follow-up interval of 3.9 years. Univariate Cox regression analysis revealed that tumor location in the medical portion of the iris (P = 0.047) and pigment dispersion from the lesion onto the adjacent iris and trabecular meshwork (P = 0.056) were the only significant clinical conditions predictive of tumor enlargement. Based on these findings, we recommend conservative management of most melanocytic lesions of the iris.
Trabecular Precipitates and Elevated Intraocular Pressure Following Argon Laser Trabeculoplasty
Authors: Fiore Philip M , Melamed Shlomo , Epstein David L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Two patients with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma underwent argon laser trabeculoplasty for control of intraocular pressure. Within 1 month both patients developed elevated intraocular pressure associated with many large inflammatory precipitates on the trabecular meshwork detected only by gonioscopy. Treatment with topical steroids for 7 to 10 days resolved these precipitates and lowered the intraocular pressure. We believe our patients had severe trabeculrtis occurring as a late reaction to argon laser trabeculoplasty. An increase in intraocular pressure following trabeculoplasty warrants careful gonioscopic examination; in fact we recommend routine gonioscopy for all patients after laser treatment.
Project Canvas-Back in the Marshall Islands
Authors: Wessels Izak F , Markoff David D , Miller Gordon 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Using the catamaran boat "Canvas-Back" during May 1987, a whole-population ocular survey utilizing modern equipment and ophthalmic subspecialists was conducted on one of the atolls (Wotje) in the Marshall Islands. A relatively low prevalence of ocular pathology, especially of cataract, infectious disease, and nutritional blindness was found. A far greater need exists for refractive services than for surgical ophthalmic care. The only exception is related to the high incidence of hyperglycemic, which indicates that greater efforts in the treatment and prevention of retinopathy are required.
Transscleral Fixation of Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lenses in the Absence of Capsular Support
Authors: Lindquist Thomas D , Agapitos Peter J , Lindstrom Richard L , Lane Stephen S , Spigelman Alan V 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We present results obtained by transscleral ciliary sulcus fixation of posterior chamber intraocular lenses in secondary implantation, lens exchange, and in primary implantation of transsclerally fixated lenses during complicated cataract extraction. Follow-up data on 38 patients, 17 of whom have been followed for more than 12 months, are included. We conclude that the procedure is safe, effective, and predictable.
Repair of the "Microdehiscence" To Correct Postkeratoplasty Astigmatism
Authors: Buzard Kurt A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A common peripheral abnormality, which I call "microdehiscence," can in some cases cause the progressive central astigmatism that commonly follows penetrating keratoplasty. The results of a small clinical study show that placing additional suture(s) in this situation can permanently correct such astigmatism.
Intraoperative Application of 5-Fluorouracil During Trabeculectomy
Authors: Dietze Paul J , Feldman Robert M , Gross Ronald L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We report the preliminary results of the first 20 consecutive cases in which the antimetabolite 5fluorouracil (5-FU) was applied directly beneath the conjunctival flap during trabeculectomy in high-risk patients. Seventeen were considered early successes, with 3-month postoperative intraocular pressures less than 21 mm Hg, representing at least a 20% decrease from preoperative values. Successful blebs were pale, with conjunctival microcysts and without significant vascularization over the trabeculectomy site, similar to the appearance of blebs in eyes administered postoperative subconjunctival injections of 5-FU. There were no cases of corneal epithelial defects, and no eyes had lost more than one line of preoperative vision at the time of last follow up. Although the longer term efficacy of this method is unknown, these results suggest that it may represent a safe and effective alternative for administering 5-FU.
The Early Cell Kinetic Response During Healing of Corneal Epithelial Wounds
Authors: Haaskjold Erling , Sandvig Kjell U , Bjerknes Rolf , Kravik Katherine 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The labeling index and the mitotic rate were measured at 4-hour intervals during the first 24 hours after a central abrasion had been made in the corneal epithelium of six groups of four rats each. The proliferative response was noted in the conjunctival, the limbal, and the corneal epithelium. After 24 hours, the density of epithelial cells was equal throughout the corneal epithelium, but there was only half the normal number of cells. Physiological mechanisms seem strongly to regulate the total number of cells per square unit throughout the healing corneal epithelium, but the nature of these mechanisms is unknown.
The Use of Fibrin Glue in Mucous Membrane Grafting of the Fornix
Authors: Watts Mark T , Collin Richard 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We report using a fibrin-glue tissue adhesive in place of sutures to place a full-thickness mucosal graft into a defect created in a scarred fornix of an ophthalmic socket. This technique minimizes tissue trauma and aids hemostasis and healing.
Beheading the Pterygium
Authors: Coroneo M T 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
I describe a safe, easily learned, accessible, and inexpensive method for excision of the pterygium head using the tip of a 23-gauge needle as a cutting tool. The incision is controlled precisely, and excision of unaffected tissue, particularly at the limbus, is minimized by using point cutting edge techniques and by varying tissue tension to control tissue sectility ("cuttability").
Small-Incision Manual Extracapsular Cataract Extraction Using Selective Hydrodissection
Authors: Blumenthal Michael , Ashkenazi Isaac , Assia Ehud , Cahane Michael 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Hydrodissection is a technique in which balanced salt solution is injected through a cannula into various layers of a cataractous lens to separate the lens lamella in a nonspecific location. Selective hydrodissection allows separation of the lens lamella at different desired anatomical layers. The technique allows the smallest possible nucleus, ie, the hard-core nucleus, to be hydroexpressed as a separate entity, requiring, correspondingly, a relatively small capsulorhexis and limbal incision. Then, in a second maneuver, the epinucleus, which engulfs the hardcore nucleus to form the adult nucleus, also can be aspirated or hydroexpressed as a whole. Selective hydrodissection permits scleral incision and stitchless surgery in planned extracapsular cataract extraction and also may serve as an intermediate step for surgeons who wish to convert to or learn phacoemulsification techniques.
Filtering Seton Implant for Glaucoma: Initial Animal Trial
Authors: Hoskins H Dunbar , Drake Michael V , Minckler Donald S , McGee Scott D 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A newly developed silicone filtering seton device was implanted in each of five eyes of four rhesus monkeys after they had undergone extensive argon-laser trabeculoplasty to raise their intraocular pressure (IOP). One animal (one implant eye) was killed at 6 weeks. The other three animals (four implant eyes) were observed for 17 to 24 months following implantation surgery. Mild to moderate postoperative inflammation subsided during the first postoperative week. The eyes remained quiet throughout the remainder of follow up. The postoperative IOPs varied between 18% and 70% of the IOPs at the time of implant surgery. In the three monkeys that had unilateral surgery, the IOP at the final follow-up measurement was equal to or lower than the IOP in the unoperated fellow eye. In the monkey that had bilateral surgery, both of the final IOPs were lower than the preoperative ones.
THC:YAG Laser Sclerostomy: The Resident Experience
Authors: Mansour A M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Retrospective review of 14 consecutive THC: YAG laser sclerostomies done without the use of antimetabolites revealed a uniform closure of the filtering bleb within 6 months of follow up. Also, the sclerostomy site was closed by iris or fibrous tissue. Based on these findings, I recommend that the present THC:YAG laser sclerostomy protocol be altered to allow for antimetabolite usage, prevention and treatment of iris prolapse, and control of intraocular inflammation.
Treatment of Scleromalacia Perforans With Dura Mater Grafting
Authors: Enzenauer Robert W , Enzenauer Raymond J , Reddy Vishnu B , Cornell F Michael , West Sterling 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We describe, to our knowledge for the first time in the English literature, the successful use of cadaveric dura mater in reinforcing the sclera in a rheumatoid arthritis patient with scleromalacia perfora ns.
Lateral Tarsorrhaphy and Disposable Soft Contact Lenses in Aniridia Patients After Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Au Yue-Kong , Lucius Richard W 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We report our experience with two patients with familial aniridia who underwent combined cataract extraction and penetrating keratoplasty. Persistent epithelial defects developed in all four eyes within 4 months. Combined lateral tarsorrhaphy and application of disposable soft contact lenses restored the integrity of the corneal epithelium, and 21 months after surgery, the grafts were clear and avascular.