bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterotic pools in African and Asian origin populations of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]
Authors: Patil K. Sudarshan , Mungra K. D. , Danam Shashibhushan , Vemula Anil Kumar , Das Roma R. , Rathore Abhishek , Gupta S. K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractForty-five African or Asian origin pearl millet populations bred either in Africa or Asia were investigated to generate information on heterotic pools. They were clustered into seven groups (G1 to G7) when genotyped, using 29 highly polymorphic SSRs. Fourteen parental populations representing these seven marker-based groups were crossed in diallel mating design to generate 91 population hybrids. The hybrids evaluated at three locations in India showed mean panmictic mid-parent heterosis (PMPH) and better-parent heterosis (PBPH) for grain yield ranging from − 21.7 to 62.08% and − 32.51 to 42.99%, respectively. Higher grain yield and heterosis were observed in G2 × G6 (2462 kg ha−1, 43.2%) and G2 × G5 (2455 kg ha−1, 42.8%) marker group crosses compared to the most popular Indian open-pollinated variety (OPV) ICTP 8203. Two heterotic groups, Pearl millet Population Heterotic Pool-1 (PMPHP-1) comprising G2 populations and Pearl millet Population Heterotic Pool-2 (PMPHP-2) comprising G5 and G6 populations, were identified based on hybrid performance, heterosis and combining ability among marker group crosses. Population hybrids from two heterotic groups, PMPHP-1 × PMPHP-2 demonstrated PMPH of 14.75% and PBPH of 6.8%. Populations of PMPHP-1 had linkages with either African or Asian origin populations, whereas PMPHP-2 composed of populations originating in Africa and later bred for Asian environments. Results indicated that parental populations from the two opposite heterotic groups can be used as base populations to derive superior inbred lines to develop high yielding hybrids/cultivars.
Walking is regulated by environmental temperature
Authors: Obuchi Shuichi P. , Kawai Hisashi , Garbalosa Juan C. , Nishida Kazumasa , Murakawa Kenji 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe mechanisms that regulate human walking are not fully understood, although there has been substantial research. In our study, we hypothesized that, although walking can be volitionally modified, it is also involuntary and controlled by evolutionary factors, such as the relationship between temperature and movement speed in poikilotherms. This study aimed to determine the effects of environmental temperature on speed, step length, and cadence during unrestrained walking over long periods. Customers of a private insurance company were asked to use a background smartphone GPS application that measured walking parameters. Participants were 1065 app users (298 men and 767 women) aged 14–86 years. Observed walking speed and cadence were higher in winter (average maximum temperature: 10.2 °C) than in summer (average maximum temperature: 29.8 °C) (p < 0.001). The walking parameters were closely related to environmental temperature, with cadence most strongly correlated with daily maximum temperature (r = − 0.812, p < 0.001) and indicating a curvilinear relationship. A decrease in environmental temperature was found to increase cadence when the temperature was below 30 °C. The findings suggest that walking may be regulated by environmental temperature and potentially by the autonomic nervous system’s response to environmental temperature.
Assessment of copy number in protooncogenes are predictive of poor survival in advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Li Meihui , Kim Younghoon , Kim Tae-Shin , Cho Nam-Yun , Bae Jeong Mo , Kim Woo Ho , Kang Gyeong Hoon 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe copy number (CN) gain of protooncogenes is a frequent finding in gastric carcinoma (GC), but its prognostic implication remains elusive. The study aimed to characterize the clinicopathological features, including prognosis, of GCs with copy number gains in multiple protooncogenes. Three hundred thirty-three patients with advanced GC were analyzed for their gene ratios in EGFR, GATA6, IGF2, and SETDB1 using droplet dPCR (ddPCR) for an accurate assessment of CN changes in target genes. The number of GC patients with 3 or more genes with CN gain was 16 (4.8%). Compared with the GCs with 2 or less genes with CN gain, the GCs with 3 or more CN gains displayed more frequent venous invasion, a lower density of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and lower methylation levels of L1 or SAT-alpha. Microsatellite instability-high tumors or Epstein–Barr virus-positive tumors were not found in the GCs with 3 or more genes with CN gain. Patients of this groups also showed the worst clinical outcomes for both overall survival and recurrence-free survival, which was persistent in the multivariate survival analyses. Our findings suggest that the ddPCR-based detection of multiple CN gain of protooncogenes might help to identify a subset of patients with poor prognosis.
Large-scale comparative analysis of cytogenetic markers across Lepidoptera
Authors: Provazníková Irena , Hejníčková Martina , Visser Sander , Dalíková Martina , Carabajal Paladino Leonela Z. , Zrzavá Magda , Voleníková Anna , Marec František , Nguyen Petr 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) allows identification of particular chromosomes and their rearrangements. Using FISH with signal enhancement via antibody amplification and enzymatically catalysed reporter deposition, we evaluated applicability of universal cytogenetic markers, namely 18S and 5S rDNA genes, U1 and U2 snRNA genes, and histone H3 genes, in the study of the karyotype evolution in moths and butterflies. Major rDNA underwent rather erratic evolution, which does not always reflect chromosomal changes. In contrast, the hybridization pattern of histone H3 genes was well conserved, reflecting the stable organisation of lepidopteran genomes. Unlike 5S rDNA and U1 and U2 snRNA genes which we failed to detect, except for 5S rDNA in a few representatives of early diverging lepidopteran lineages. To explain the negative FISH results, we used quantitative PCR and Southern hybridization to estimate the copy number and organization of the studied genes in selected species. The results suggested that their detection was hampered by long spacers between the genes and/or their scattered distribution. Our results question homology of 5S rDNA and U1 and U2 snRNA loci in comparative studies. We recommend the use of histone H3 in studies of karyotype evolution.
Potential natural immunization against atherosclerosis in hibernating bears
Authors: Samal Shailesh Kumar , Fröbert Ole , Kindberg Jonas , Stenvinkel Peter , Frostegård Johan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBrown bears (Ursus arctos) hibernate for 5–6 months during winter, but despite kidney insufficiency, dyslipidemia and inactivity they do not seem to develop atherosclerosis or cardiovascular disease (CVD). IgM antibodies against phosphorylcholine (anti-PC) and malondialdehyde (anti-MDA) are associated with less atherosclerosis, CVD and mortality in uremia in humans and have anti-inflammatory and other potentially protective properties. PC but not MDA is exposed on different types of microorganisms. We determine anti-PC and anti-MDA in brown bears in summer and winter. Paired serum samples from 12 free ranging Swedish brown bears were collected during hibernation in winter and during active state in summer and analyzed for IgM, IgG, IgG1/2 and IgA anti-PC and anti-MDA by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). When determined as arbitrary units (median set at 100 for summer samples), significantly raised levels were observed in winter for anti-PC subclasses and isotypes, and for IgA anti-PC the difference was striking; 100 IQR (85.9–107.9) vs 782.3, IQR (422.8–1586.0; p < 0.001). In contrast, subclasses and isotypes of anti-MDA were significantly lower in winter except IgA anti-MDA, which was not detectable. Anti-PCs are significantly raised during hibernation in brown bears; especially IgA anti-PC was strikingly high. In contrast, anti-MDA titers was decreased during hibernation. Our observation may represent natural immunization with microorganisms during a vulnerable period and could have therapeutic implications for prevention of atherosclerosis.
Surface plasma with an inkjet-printed patterned electrode for low-temperature applications
Authors: Kim Jinwoo , Park Sanghoo , Choe Wonho 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe global health crisis caused by the recent pandemic has led to increasing social demand for ‘new normal’ sanitizing and disinfecting facilities to fit our ‘new normal’ lives. Here, we introduce an inkjet-printed, thin-film plasma source applicable to dry disinfection processes. In contrast to conventional plasma reactors, the merits of plasma produced on a film include disposability, cost-effectiveness, and applicability to high-dimensional objects such as the human body. The developed flexible plasma film can be applied to a wide variety of shapes via origami—remaining plasma stable even when bent. However, electrode degradation has been a practical issue in the long-term operation of inkjet-printed plasma sources, which is troublesome from application perspectives. We focus on making the inkjet-printed electrode more plasma stress-resistant, thereby increasing its lifespan from a few minutes to two hours of continuous operation with optimal inkjet printing and passivation, thus increasing the practicality of the source. Considering the fact that ozone and nitrogen oxides are selectively produced by plasma, we implement a disposable pouch-type plasma source and examine its usefulness in extending the shelf life of food.
Trophic niches of native and nonnative fishes along a river-reservoir continuum
Authors: Pennock Casey A. , Ahrens Zachary T. , McKinstry Mark C. , Budy Phaedra , Gido Keith B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInstream barriers can constrain dispersal of nonnative fishes, creating opportunities to test their impact on native communities above and below these barriers. Deposition of sediments in a river inflow to Lake Powell, USA resulted in creation of a large waterfall prohibiting upstream movement of fishes from the reservoir allowing us to evaluate the trophic niche of fishes above and below this barrier. We expected niche overlap among native and nonnative species would increase in local assemblages downstream of the barrier where nonnative fish diversity and abundance were higher. Fishes upstream of the barrier had more distinct isotopic niches and species exhibited a wider range in δ15N relative to downstream. In the reservoir, species were more constrained in δ15N and differed more in δ13C, representing a shorter, wider food web. Differences in energetic pathways and resource availability among habitats likely contributed to differences in isotopic niches. Endangered Razorback Sucker (Xyrauchen texanus) aggregate at some reservoir inflows in the Colorado River basin, and this is where we found the highest niche overlap among species. Whether isotopic niche overlap among adult native and nonnative species has negative consequences is unclear, because data on resource availability and use are lacking; however, these observations do indicate the potential for competition. Still, the impacts of diet overlap among trophic generalists, such as Razorback Sucker, are likely low, particularly in habitats with diverse and abundant food bases such as river-reservoir inflows.
Usefulness of bioelectrical impedance analysis and ECW ratio as a guidance for fluid management in critically ill patients after operation
Authors: Chung Yoon Ji , Kim Eun Young 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe determined the relationship between changes in bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) parameters and response of critically ill patients to fluid therapy during early postoperative period. Associations between BIA values indicating volume status of postoperative patient and clinical outcomes were also evaluated. From May 2019 to April 2020, patients who were admitted to the surgical intensive care unit (SICU) of our institution at more than 48 h after surgery were enrolled. Volume status was measured with a portable BIA device every morning for five days from SICU admission. Overhydration was defined as the case where extracellular water (ECW) ratio > 0.390 measured by BIA. Participants were daily classified into an overhydration or a normohydration group. The relationship between daily hydration status and postoperative outcome was evaluated. Most of the 190 participants showed the overhydration status in the first 48 h after surgery. The overhydration status on day 3 was significant predictor of postoperative morbidities (OR 1.182) and in-hospital mortality (OR 2.040). SOFA score was significant factor of postoperative morbidities (OR 1.163) and in-hospital mortality (OR 3.151) except for the overhydration status on day 3. Cut-off values of overhydration status by ECW ratio at day 3 for predicting postoperative morbidities and in-hospital mortality were > 0.3985 and > 0.4145, respectively. BIA would be a useful and convenient tool to assess the volume status of patients requiring intensive fluid resuscitation in early postoperative period. Overhydration status by ECW ratio on postoperative day 3 needs careful monitoring and appropriate interventions to improve clinical outcomes.
Impaired renal function before kidney procurement has a deleterious impact on allograft survival in very old deceased kidney donors
Authors: Maanaoui Mehdi , Provôt François , Bouyé Sébastien , Lionet Arnaud , Lenain Rémi , Fages Victor , Frimat Marie , Lebas Céline , Glowacki François , Hazzan Marc 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAs the use of elderly kidney donors for transplantation is increasing with time, there is a need to understand which factors impact on their prognosis. No data exist on the impact of an impaired renal function (IRF) in such population. 116 kidney recipients from deceased kidney donors over 70 years were included from 2005 to 2015 in a single-center retrospective study. IRF before organ procurement was defined as a serum creatinine above 1.0 mg/dl or a transient episode of oligo-anuria. Mean ages for donors and recipients were respectively 74.8 ± 3.5 and 66.7 ± 8.0. Graft survival censored for death at 5 years was of 77%. Using a multivariate analysis by Cox model, the only predictor of graft loss present in the donor was IRF before organ procurement (HR 4.2 CI95[1.8–9.7]). IRF was also associated with significant lower estimated glomerular filtration rates up to 1 year post-transplantation. By contrast, KDPI score (median of 98 [96–100]), was not associated with the risk of graft failure. Then, IRF before kidney procurement may define a risk subgroup among very-old deceased kidney donors, in whom pre-implantatory biopsies, dual kidney transplantation or calcineurin inhibitor-free immunosuppressive regimen could help to improve outcomes.
The genetic architecture of age-related hearing impairment revealed by genome-wide association analysis
Authors: Ivarsdottir Erna V. , Holm Hilma , Benonisdottir Stefania , Olafsdottir Thorhildur , Sveinbjornsson Gardar , Thorleifsson Gudmar , Eggertsson Hannes P. , Halldorsson Gisli H. , Hjorleifsson Kristjan E. , Melsted Pall , Gylfason Arnaldur , Arnadottir Gudny A. , Oddsson Asmundur , Jensson Brynjar O. , Jonasdottir Aslaug , Jonasdottir Adalbjorg , Juliusdottir Thorhildur , Stefansdottir Lilja , Tragante Vinicius , Halldorsson Bjarni V. , Petersen Hannes , Thorgeirsson Gudmundur , Thorsteinsdottir Unnur , Sulem Patrick , Hinriksdottir Ingibjorg , Jonsdottir Ingileif , Gudbjartsson Daniel F. , Stefansson Kari 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAge-related hearing impairment (ARHI) is the most common sensory disorder in older adults. We conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of 121,934 ARHI cases and 591,699 controls from Iceland and the UK. We identified 21 novel sequence variants, of which 13 are rare, under either additive or recessive models. Of special interest are a missense variant in LOXHD1 (MAF = 1.96%) and a tandem duplication in FBF1 covering 4 exons (MAF = 0.22%) associating with ARHI (OR = 3.7 for homozygotes, P = 1.7 × 10−22 and OR = 4.2 for heterozygotes, P = 5.7 × 10−27, respectively). We constructed an ARHI genetic risk score (GRS) using common variants and showed that a common variant GRS can identify individuals at risk comparable to carriers of rare high penetrance variants. Furthermore, we found that ARHI and tinnitus share genetic causes. This study sheds a new light on the genetic architecture of ARHI, through several rare variants in both Mendelian deafness genes and genes not previously linked to hearing.
In situ plant materials hyperspectral imaging by multimodal scattering near-field optical microscopy
Authors: Charrier Anne M. , Normand Aubin C. , Passian Ali , Schaefer Philip , Lereu Aude L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPlant cells are elaborate three-dimensional polymer nano-constructs with complex chemistry. The bulk response of plants to light, in the far-field, is ultimately encoded by optical scattering from these nano-constructs. Their chemical and physical properties may be acquired through their interaction with a modulated nano-tip using scattering scanning near-field optical microscopy. Here, using this technique, we present 20 nm spatial resolution mechanical, spectral and optical mappings of plant cell walls. We first address the problem of plant polymers tracking through pretreatment and processing. Specifically, cellulose and lignin footprints are traced within a set of delignified specimen, establishing the factors hindering complete removal of lignin, an important industrial polymer. Furthermore, we determine the frequency dependent dielectric function $${\epsilon }(\omega)={(n+ik)}^{2}$$
ϵ

(

ω

)

=

(

n
+
i
k

)

2

of plant material in the range 28 ≤ ω ≤ 58 THz, and show how the environmental chemical variation is imprinted in the nanoscale variability of n and k. This nanometrology is a promise for further progress in the development of plant-based (meta-)materials.
The influence of Sc substitution on the crystal structure and scintillation properties of LuBO3:Ce3+ based on a combinatorial materials chip and high-throughput XRD
Authors: Liang Shan-Shan , Huang Meng , Wang Yu , Li Qian-Li , Yang Xin-Xin , Zhao Jing-Tai , Gao Xing-Yu , Yin Guang-Zhi , Liu Qian , Zhang Zhi-Jun 
Published: June 2021

The effect of Sc substitution on the crystal struture of LuBO3:Ce3+ based on high-effectively combinatorial materials method and high-throughput XRD.
The Impact of Hearing Experience on Children's Use of Phonological and Semantic Information During Lexical Access
Authors: Simeon Katherine M. , Grieco-Calub Tina M. 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which phonological competition and semantic priming influence lexical access in school-aged children with cochlear implants (CIs) and children with normal acoustic hearing.

Method

Participants included children who were 5–10 years of age with either normal hearing (
n
= 41) or bilateral severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss and used CIs (
n
= 13). All participants completed a two-alternative forced-choice task while eye gaze to visual images was recorded and quantified during a word recognition task. In this task, the target image was juxtaposed with a competitor image that was either a phonological onset competitor (i.e., shared the same initial consonant–vowel–consonant syllable as the target) or an unrelated distractor. Half of the trials were preceded by an image prime that was semantically related to the target image.

Results
Children with CIs showed evidence of phonological competition during real-time processing of speech. This effect, however, was less and occurred later in the time course of speech processing than what was observed in children with normal hearing. The presence of a semantically related visual prime reduced the effects of phonological competition in both groups of children but to a greater degree in children with CIs.

Conclusions
Children with CIs were able to process single words similarly to their counterparts with normal hearing. However, children with CIs appeared to have increased reliance on surrounding semantic information compared to their normal-hearing counterparts.
Metal‐organic framework‐based biomaterials for biomedical applications
Authors: Luo Gang , Jiang Yanan , Xie Chaoming , Lu Xiong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) refer to porous coordination materials that are formed from the assembly of metal ions and organic ligands. They have unique features, such as a large specific surface area, multiple active sites, easy functionalisation, and adjustable biocompatibility. MOFs have recently been widely used in the field of biomedical engineering owing to their unique structures and properties. This has enabled them to replace traditional materials and effectively address several problems. Through continuous development, MOF‐based biomaterials have been remarkably improved by clarifying the relationship between MOF structures and properties. As a result, they are being extensively studied in the fields of chemical and material science. MOF‐based biomaterials can meet the growing demands for efficient materials in biomedical applications. This review first discusses the basic structure of MOFs, followed by their preparation and functionalisation methods. The biomedical applications of MOF‐based biomaterials in the fields of antibacterial activity, tumour therapy, skin repair, and bone repair are then summarised. Finally, challenges and future perspectives in the biomedical applications of MOF‐based biomaterials are outlined.
Efficiency of non-thermal desorptions in cold-core conditions
Authors: Wakelam V. , Dartois E. , Chabot M. , Spezzano S. , Navarro-Almaida D. , Loison J.-C. , Fuente A. 
Published: June 2021

Context.Under cold conditions in dense cores, gas-phase molecules and atoms are depleted from the gas-phase to the surface of interstellar grains. Considering the time scales and physical conditions within these cores, a portion of these molecules has to be brought back into the gas-phase to explain their observation by milimeter telescopes.Aims.We tested the respective efficiencies of the different mechanisms commonly included in the models (photo-desorption, chemical desorption, and cosmic-ray-induced whole-grain heating). We also tested the addition of sputtering of ice grain mantles via a collision with cosmic rays in the electronic stopping power regime, leading to a localized thermal spike desorption that was measured in the laboratory.Methods.The ice sputtering induced by cosmic rays has been added to the Nautilus gas-grain model while the other processes were already present. Each of these processes were tested on a 1D physical structure determined by observations in TMC1 cold cores. We focused the discussion on the main ice components, simple molecules usually observed in cold cores (CO, CN, CS, SO, HCN, HC3N, and HCO+), and complex organic molecules (COMs such as CH3OH, CH3CHO, CH3OCH3, and HCOOCH3). The resulting 1D chemical structure was also compared to methanol gas-phase abundances observed in these cores.Results.We found that all species are not sensitive in the same way to the non-thermal desorption mechanisms, and the sensitivity also depends on the physical conditions. Thus, it is mandatory to include all of them. Chemical desorption seems to be essential in reproducing the observations for H densities smaller than 4 × 104cm−3, whereas sputtering is essential above this density. The models are, however, systematically below the observed methanol abundances. A more efficient chemical desorption and a more efficient sputtering could better reproduce the observations.Conclusions.In conclusion, the sputtering of ices by cosmic-rays collisions may be the most efficient desorption mechanism at high density (a few 104cm−3under the conditions studied here) in cold cores, whereas chemical desorption is still required at smaller densities. Additional works are needed on both mechanisms to assess their efficiency with respect to the main ice composition.