bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward a fast and consistent approach to modeling solar magnetic fields in multiple layers
Authors: Zhu X. , Wiegelmann T. 
Published: October 2021

Aims. We aim to develop a fast and consistent extrapolation method for modeling multiple layers of the solar atmosphere.
Methods. The new approach combines the magnetohydrostatic (MHS) extrapolation, which models the solar low atmosphere in a flat box, together with the nonlinear force-free field (NLFFF) extrapolation, which models the solar corona with a chromospheric vector magnetogram deduced from the MHS extrapolation. We tested our code with a snapshot of a radiative magnetohydrodynamic simulation of a solar flare and we conducted quantitative comparisons based on several metrics.
Results. Following a number of test runs, we found an optimized configuration for the combination of two extrapolations with a 5.8-Mm-high box for the MHS extrapolation and a magnetogram at a height of 1 Mm for the NLFFF extrapolation. The new approach under this configuration has the capability to reconstruct the magnetic fields in multi-layers accurately and efficiently. Based on figures of merit that are used to assess the performance of different extrapolations (NLFFF extrapolation, MHS extrapolation, and the combined one), we find the combined extrapolation reaches the same level of accuracy as the MHS extrapolation and they are both better than the NLFFF extrapolation. The combined extrapolation is moderately efficient for application to magnetograms with high resolution.
Survival of planet-induced vortices in 2D disks
Authors: Rometsch Thomas , Ziampras Alexandros , Kley Wilhelm , Béthune William 
Published: October 2021

Context. Several observations of protoplanetary disks reveal non-axisymmetric features, which are often interpreted as vortices. Numerical modeling has repeatedly shown that gap-opening planets are capable of producing large and long-lasting vortices at their outer gap edge, making massive planets popular candidates as the source of such features.
Aims. We explore the lifetime of vortices generated by Jupiter-sized planets as a function of the thermal relaxation timescale, the level of turbulence, and the effect of disk self-gravity.
Methods. We conduct 2D numerical simulations using the hydrodynamics codes PLUTO and FARGO, scanning through several physical and numerical parameters. Vortex properties are automatically extracted from thousands of simulation snapshots.
Results. We find that vortices that spawn at the outer gap edge can survive for about 100–3000 planetary orbits, with the shortest lifetimes occurring for moderately efficient dissipation and cooling. However, we also observe a different regime of long-lasting vortices with lifetimes of at least 15 000 orbits for very low viscosity and very short thermal relaxation timescales. Disk self-gravity significantly shortens the lifetime of regular vortices but still allows long-lived ones to survive.
Conclusions. Our results suggest that the cooling timescale plays an important role in vortex formation and lifetime and that planet-generated vortices should be observable at large distances from the star for typical thermal relaxation timescales and low turbulence levels.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided pelvic abscess drainage: a report of 2 cases and literature review
Authors: Ouyang Bo-wen , Liu Tian-wen , Fu Zao-li , Li Ye , Zhang Beiping 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background Drainage is essential for source control of the infection in a pelvic abscess. The purpose of this study was to report 2 cases of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided drainage of the pelvic abscess and review the literature of different modalities of EUS-guided drainage of pelvic abscess.
Case presentation A 60-year-old male developed a pelvic abscess 1 month after laparoscopic complete tumor resection. An abdominal CT showed a mass shadow (about 7.1 cm × 5.1 cm) in the right pelvic region. Another case was an 85-year-old male who developed a pelvic abscess 3 days after recurrent tumor resection of multiple organs. The CT showed pelvic effusion and gas accumulation (approximately 6.5 cm × 4.2 cm), and the intestinal tube above the small intestinal anastomosis was dilated with effusion. A 19G-A puncture needle was used to puncture the abscess. An 8-mm cylindrical balloon was inserted, followed by a 10 Fr-3 cm double pigtail stent and an 8.5 Fr drainage tube. After EUS-guided drainage of pelvic abscess, the symptoms disappeared without recurrence.
Conclusions EUS-guided drainage is an effective and safe method for treating pelvic abscesses as long as the drainage modality is appropriately selected based on the etiology, size, and mucus viscosity of the abscess.
Mildly Elevated Bilirubin Levels are Associated with Increased Magnetic Resonance Imaging Signal Intensity in the Basal Ganglia of Preterm Neonates
Authors: Kasirer Yair , Bin-Nun Alona , Hammerman Cathy , Yosef Ortal B. , Marianayagam Neelan , Hammerman-Rozenberg Aliza , Shchors Irina , Ben-David Eliel 
Published: October 2021

Objective This study aimed to test whether mildly elevated bilirubin levels in preterm infants are associated with increased signal intensity (SI) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the basal ganglia (BG).
Study Design MRI was performed at term equivalent age in 55 postpreterm infants using a neonatal MRI 1-T scanner. SI of the BG was correlated with mild hyperbilirubinemia.
Results BG MRI SI was significantly increased in infants with mild hyperbilirubinemia on T1-weighted image (T1; p = 0.0393) and T2-weighted image (T2; p = 0.0309). We found no effect of gestational age or sepsis on BG MRI intensity; however, there was a significant effect of acidosis on T1 (p = 0.0223) but not on T2 (p = 0.2316). Infants with combined hyperbilirubinemia and acidosis had the most significant increase in SI on both T1 and T2 respectively (p = 0.0072 and 0.0195, respectively).
Conclusion We found a positive association between increased BG MRI SI and mildly elevated bilirubin levels. The effect was greatly strengthened when hyperbilirubinemia was associated with acidosis.
Key Points
Copper-Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization of 2-Aminobenzamide Derivatives: Efficient Syntheses of Quinazolinones and Indazolones
Authors: Lin Wei-Yu , Govindan Karthick , Duraisamy Tamilselvan , Jayaram Alageswaran , Senadi Gopal Chandru 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA simple copper-catalyzed assembly to formulate quinazolinone and indazolone derivatives in a single protocol manner is reported. These transformations are based on the fact that DMF can serve as a reaction solvent and one carbon synthon for the construction of heterocyclic rings. Moreover, this protocol features base-free and Brønsted acid free environmentally benign conditions with broad synthetic scope. A good scalability is demonstrated.
Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit on Pitching Biomechanics and
Muscle Activity
Authors: Weng Yi-Hsuan , Huang Tsun-Shun , Huang Cheng-Ya , Chen Hsing-Yu , Tsai Yung-Shen , Lin Jiu-Jenq 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo characterize the scapular pitching biomechanics in symptomatic GIRD pitchers
(SG) compared to asymptomatic GIRD (ASG) and healthy pitchers. The scapular
kinematics and associated muscle activities during pitching were recorded in 33
high school pitchers. Compared to healthy, GIRD pitchers had less scapular
posterior tilt in each pitching event (average difference,
AD=14.4°, p<0.01) and ASG demonstrated less scapular
upward rotation at ball release (AD=12.8°, p<0.01) and
greater muscle activity in the triceps brachii in the early-cocking phase
(AD=9.9%, p=0.015) and in the serratus anterior in the
late-cocking phase (AD=30.8%, p<0.01). Additionally, SG
had less muscular activity on triceps brachii in the acceleration phase and
serratus anterior in the cocking phase (AD=37.8%,
p=0.016; AD=15.5%, p<0.01, respectively)
compared to ASG. GIRD pitchers exhibited less scapular posterior tilt during
pitching, which may cause impingement. Since tightness of the anterior shoulder
is a common cause of inadequacy of posterior tilt during arm elevation,
stretching exercise of the anterior shoulder is recommended. Given the
inadequate recruitment during pitching in the GIRD pitchers, symptoms may
develop following potential impingement.
Heat adaptation measures in private households: an application and adaptation of the protective action decision model
Authors: Beckmann Sabrina Katharina , Hiete Michael , Schneider Michael , Beck Christoph 
Published: October 2021

AbstractExtreme heatwaves will occur more frequently and with higher intensity in future. Their consequences for human health can be fatal if adaptation measures will not be taken. This study analyses factors related to heat adaptation measures in private households in Germany. During the summer months of 2019, indoor temperatures were measured in over 500 private households in the City of Augsburg, Germany, accompanied by a survey to find out about heat perception and adaptation measures. Hypotheses deducted from the Protective Action Decision Model were tested using one-way ANOVAs, regression analysis and in the end a multiple hierarchical regression model. The results of the hypotheses tested imply an influence of knowledge and heat risk perception of heat adaptation behaviour and an influence of age on heat risk perception. The results of the regression model show an influence of the efficacy-related attribute, of age, indoor temperature, subjective heat stress and health implications to heat adaptation behaviour. In the end, this study proposes adjustments to the PADM according to the results of the hierarchical regression analysis.
Damping and tracking control of nanopositioning stages with double delayed position feedback
Authors: Xu Siqiang , Liu Pinkuan 
Published: October 2021

This paper presents a new damping control scheme for piezoelectric nanopositioning stages with double delayed position feedback (DDPF). The DDPF in the inner loop is proposed to suppress vibration of the nanopositioning stage, which leads to a double time-delay system. A new numerical differential method is proposed to determine the parameters of the DDPF with pole placement. Then, a high-gain proportional-integral (PI) controller is designed in the outer loop to achieve a low level of tracking errors, which includes the hysteresis nonlinearity, disturbance, and modeling uncertainties. Experimental tests with various control schemes are conducted on a piezoelectric nanopositioning stage to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Experimental results reveal that the control bandwidth of the system is improved from 79 Hz (with the PI controller), 416 Hz (with the conventional delayed position feedback based controller), and 422 Hz (with the recursive delayed position feedback based controller) to 483 Hz (with the proposed controller).
Design, analysis, and experimental investigation of micro-displacement amplification compliant mechanism for micro-transducers
Authors: Iqbal Sohail , Lai YongJun , Shakoor Rana I. , Raffi Muhammad , Bazaz S. A. 
Published: October 2021

This paper presents experimental force and buckling analysis of a compliant micro-displacement amplification mechanism fabricated using the commercially available PolyMUMPs process. The proposed mechanism proficiently amplifies displacement, at two output ends, with an optimal amplification factor of 7.2. Buckling analysis revealed that an amplification factor ranging from 2.8 to 11 may be achieved for an input displacement varying from 0.1 to 7.5 µm. Based on the analysis, the optimal value of the amplification factor is found to be 7.2 with an input displacement of 3.5 µm at the operational force of 60 μN having a buckling load factor (BLF) &gt;1. Critical load magnitude is 187 μN having BLF = 1. Buckling occurred when loading exceeded the critical load value, having BLF &lt;1, and the mechanism failed to produce a significant amplification factor. Static analysis showed that stresses produced are within the safe region, and the structural integrity of the mechanism is not compromised having a factor of safety of 1.4. Modal analysis predicted that the natural frequency of the desired mode is 35.47 kHz. Dynamic simulations, under 15 g dynamic load with a frequency range of 30–40 kHz, confirm the possibility of integrating the proposed mechanism with MEMS devices. Parametric optimization comprehends that length and angle are the two major geometric parameters that govern the working range, force, and amplification factor. For input displacements below 1 µm, the amplification factor is even higher, which is highly beneficial for amplifying small displacements. Static, modal, and dynamic analyses of the designed mechanism have been carried out using finite element method based commercial software IntelliSuite®. The experimental results showed that this mechanism can provide the same amplified displacement at two output points and is self-sufficient to be incorporated as an intermediate compliant mechanism for enhancing the output in the case of both static and dynamic micro-devices.
Designing better nestboxes: double-walled and pale proves coolest under the sun
Authors: Ellis Murray V. , Rhind Susan 
Published: October 2021

Context Fauna nestboxes are used for conservation, research and mitigation against tree hollow/cavity loss. Scant attention has been given to the microclimate inside boxes until recently, with concern that nestboxes may be ineffective or a thermal trap because of high internal temperatures during summer. Aim Our study used construction design principles to guide modifications to nestboxes to reduce maximum temperatures inside boxes. Methods Five trials were undertaken, and modifications included addition of thermal mass, creation of a double wall system and painting the box and/or outer wall white. Nestboxes were placed in full sun. Key results The internal temperature difference from ambient between the worst (unpainted box) and the best box design was around 7°C at 30°C, and 9.5°C at 40°C. Painting boxes white had a marked impact on internal temperatures, but the single modification giving most protection from heat gain was construction of a ventilated double wall. This created a shaded air space around the internal box. Painting the outer layer white further improved insulation, and painting both the box and outer layer gave the best result. Conclusion Double-walled, pale nestboxes can provide significant protection from solar heat. Implications Adding an air space to insulate a nestbox has considerable advantages over alternatives − it contributes little weight (compare using denser wood/materials); avoids environmental issues associated with insulators such as polystyrene or foil batts; is inexpensive; is easy to retrofit a second layer around existing boxes and it should improve nestbox longevity as the outer layer protects the inner box from weathering.
Synapse development is regulated by microglial THIK-1 K
+
channels
Authors: Izquierdo Pablo , Shiina Hiroko , Hirunpattarasilp Chanawee , Gillis Grace , Attwell David 
Published: October 2021

Significance
Microglia are the brain’s resident immune cells, surveying the brain with motile processes, which can remove pathogens but also prune unnecessary junctions between the neurons (synapses). A potassium channel, THIK-1, in the microglial membrane allows efflux of potassium from these cells and thereby regulates their membrane voltage as well as their process motility and release of inflammatory mediators. Here, using THIK-1–blocking drugs and THIK-1–deficient mice, we demonstrate that THIK-1 controls removal of synaptic material by microglia, which reduces the number of functional synapses in the developing brain.
The axis of professionalization
Authors: Djovčoš Martin , Šveda Pavol 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Using the results of two surveys conducted by the present authors, this paper examines translators’ and interpreters’ behaviour in the translation market and factors that influence it in (Slovak) society. In keeping with the familiar fact that not all translators are alike, we believe that empirically measurable factors enable us to observe behavioural patterns among translators and interpreters that are distinguishable along an axis of specialisation and an axis of professionalisation. The authors conducted two separate surveys involving 550 translators and interpreters – including literary translators, court translators and interpreters, translators of technical texts, audiovisual translators, institutional interpreters, and freelance translators – who worked across Slovakia’s market spectrum. In the analysis of the survey results, we found that, among other things, the level of professionalisation played a crucial role in translators’ decision-making processes within the broader social and professional context. In line with Toury’s (1995, 55) definitions of the norm, we hoped to “distinguish regularity of behaviour in recurrent situations of the same type” according to certain factors, including the degree of professionalisation and age, education, and type of translatorial activity.
Topological hybrid semimetal phases and anomalous Hall effects in a three dimensional magnetic topological insulator
Authors: Chen M N , Chen W C , Zhou Yu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this work, we propose a ferromagnetic Bi2Se3 as a candidate to hold the coexistence of Weyl- and nodal-line semimetal phases, which breaks the time reversal symmetry. We demonstrate that the type-I Weyl semimetal phase, type-I-, type-II- and their hybrid nodal-line semimetal phases can arise by tuning the Zeeman exchange field strength and the Fermi velocity. Their topological responses under U(1) gauge field are also discussed. Our results raise a new way for realizing Weyl and nodal-line semimetals and will be helpful in understanding the topological transport phenomena in three-dimensional material systems.
Fragmentation of stable and neutron-rich 12-16C into boron fragments at approximately 240 MeV/nucleon *
Authors: Jin Shu-Ya , Sun Ya-Zhou , Wang Shi-Tao , Sun Zhi-Yu , Zhang Xue-Heng , Chen Zhi-Qiang , Mei Bo , Zhao Yi-Xuan , Tang Shu-Wen , Yu Yu-Hong , Yan Duo , Fang Fang , Zhang Yong-Jie , Ma Shao-bo , Liu Xiang-Man , Han Rui 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The elemental fragmentation cross sections of boron fragments produced by stable and neutron-rich 12-16C beams with a carbon target were systematically measured at an incident beam energy of approximately 240 MeV/nucleon. The measured cross sections were found to increase as the projectile mass number increases. The observed feature is explained qualitatively based on the abrasion-ablation two-stage reaction model and is compared quantitatively with predictions from various reaction models, including empirical and statistical models. All models agree with the measured cross sections within a factor of 2.
Fabrication of thermally conductive polymer composites based on hexagonal boron nitride: recent progresses and prospects
Authors: Zhang Yi , Niu Haoting , Liyun Wu , Wang Nanyang , Xu Tao , Zhou Zhengyang , Xie Yufeng , Wang Han , He Qian , Zhang Kai , Yao Yagang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and its nanomaterials are among the most promising candidates for use in thermal management applications because of their high thermal conductivity, thermal stability, and good electric insulation, and when used as the conductive fillers, they enhance the overall properties of polymer composites. In this review, the basic concepts of h-BN are introduced, followed by the synthesis of BN nanotubes and BN nanosheets. Then, various novel methods to fabricate h-BN polymer composites with improved thermally conductive paths are discussed. They can be classified into two categories: dispersion and compatibility reinforced and structure formation. In addition, the thermal conducting mechanisms of h-BN composites are proposed. Finally, the advantages and limitations of aforementioned strategies are summarized.
The Effectiveness of Dual-Staining Immunohistochemistry in the Detection of Mantle Cell Lymphoma in the Bone Marrow
Authors: Obiorah Ifeyinwa E , Wang Hao-Wei , Ma David , Martin Eddie , Wilson Wyndham H , Braylan Raul 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a useful method for mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) detection in the bone marrow (BM). However, recognition of the neoplastic B cells can be challenging, especially when there is low-level disease.

Methods
We examined BM from 105 patients with MCL. IHC was performed using cyclin D1/CD79a and PAX5/CD5 dual stains, which were compared with single stains that included CD20, CD79a, cyclin D1, and CD5 and with multiparameter flow cytometry (FC).

Results
Based on the FC data, the overall sensitivity of the dual IHC stains was 95.6%. Both dual IHC stains showed better efficacy for detecting MCL cells compared with the aggregated single stains (P = .012). While three cases were positive by FC analysis but negative for dual staining, four cases showed cells positive for cyclin D1/CD79a and PAX5/CD5 dual staining that were not detected by FC. Two of these latter cases were in patients with minimal or focal disease involvement.

Conclusions
Cyclin D1/CD79a and PAX5/CD5 dual IHC staining is an efficient procedure for the detection of MCL in the marrow and is particularly helpful in low-level or focal involvement by MCL. This approach can be particularly useful when marrow aspirates are inadequate or unavailable.
Critical Enough
Authors: Tamarkin Elisa 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The essay is a reflection on value and validity in criticism in light of Matthew Arnold’s essay on the function of criticism, plus an anecdote about a graduate student who bothered to complete her dissertation after nearly half a century, finding it worthwhile even then. It asks how we might keep these old projects of ours meaningful in unfolding circumstances and what patience can do; also, how critical discrimination might address the needs of the present time by suggesting a different way of proceeding, a sort of procedural change, with recourse to the criticism of Alain Locke, John Dewey, and F. R. Leavis.
177 Pedicled Or Skeletonized Bilateral Internal Mammary Artery Harvesting - A Meta- Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis
Authors: Iddawela S , Mellor S L , Zahra S A , Khare Y , Harky A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective
There is varying evidence on the role of skeletonization of internal mammary artery in reducing the risk of sternal wound infections and ischemia following bilateral internal mammary artery grafting. We opt to compare post-operative clinical outcomes of skeletonized bilateral internal mammary artery versus pedicled bilateral internal mammary artery harvesting in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery.

Method
A comprehensive electronic search was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane database and Google Scholar from inception until 15th June 2020. All studies directly comparing skeletonized and pedicled bilateral internal mammary artery harvesting were included. Meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis was conducted.

Results
Ten studies consisting of 3728 patients (2098 patients with skeletonized bilateral internal mammary artery grafting and 1630 patients with pedicled bilateral internal mammary artery grafting) were included. Pooled effects analysis and trial sequential analysis reported significantly lower risk of sternal wound infection with skeletonized bilateral internal mammary artery harvesting (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.20 – 0.51, p &lt; 0.00001). S-BIMA may be associated with lower late mortality, but more information is required to confirm this.

Conclusions
Skeletonization reduces the risk of sternal wound infections by preserving vasculature as much as possible. This makes it an important technique for use in bilateral internal mammary artery grafting for high-risk patients.