bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncharted Territories: Defense of Space in Crustacea
Authors: Hughes Melissa , Heuring Whitney L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTerritoriality is a special case of resource defense, in which space is actively defended for exclusive use. As active defense is likely to be costly, territoriality is expected only when the benefits of exclusivity outweigh these costs. In most territorial species of noncrustacean taxa, the defended space includes resources critical for reproduction or food. These resources are not only critical for reproductive success, but also are vulnerable to “looting”, that is, the value of these resources may be reduced through short-term intrusions, even without loss of ownership, thus providing an advantage for active defense of exclusive space. Many crustaceans defend space, particularly burrows or other shelters that are refuges from predation or environmental stressors. While protection is obviously a critical resource, it is not a resource that necessarily requires exclusivity; indeed, many crustaceans that depend upon shelters for protection do not defend them for exclusive use. Nonetheless, many crustacean taxa aggressively defend exclusive access to their shelters. Crustaceans, then, may be especially suitable for testing alternative hypotheses of territoriality, including the potential benefits of interindividual spacing rather than defense of space per se. It is also worth considering a null hypothesis for territoriality: aggressive defense of space in crustaceans may be an artifact of relatively sedentary species with high intraspecific aggression favored in other contexts, rather than aggression favored for defense of particular resources. In addition to these questions, much remains to be learned about territorial behaviors in crustaceans. Most notably, the boundaries of defended space are unknown in many taxa. Understanding the boundaries of defended space is important for understanding the ecological consequences of territoriality, as well as aspects of territory acquisition and the roles of neighbor relationships and territorial advertisement signals in territory defense. Many crustacean territories appear to differ from those described for other animals, especially terrestrial species; it is not clear, however, whether these differences are due to differences in function or habitat, or rather result from our incomplete knowledge of crustacean territoriality.
Evolutionary Ecology of Burrow Construction and Social Life
Authors: Laidre Mark E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBurrows represent a prominent example of animal architecture that fundamentally alters the surrounding physical environment, often with important consequences for social life. Crustaceans, in particular, offer a model system for understanding the adaptive functions of burrows, their ecological costs and benefits, and their long-term evolutionary impacts on sociality. In general, burrows are central to the life history of many species, functioning as protective dwellings against predators and environmental extremes. Within the refuge of a burrow, one or multiple inhabitants can feed, molt, grow, mate, and raise offspring in relative safety. Depending on the substratum, substantial construction costs can be incurred to excavate a burrow de novo or enlarge a preexisting natural crevice. This investment has been evolutionarily favored because the benefits afforded by the burrow outweigh these costs, making the burrow an “extended phenotype” of the architect itself. Yet even after a burrow is fully constructed, the architect must incur continued costs over its life history, both in maintenance and defense, if it is to reap further benefits of its burrow. Indeed, because burrows accumulate value based on the work involved in their construction, they can attract conspecific intruders who seek to shortcut the cost of construction by evicting an existing occupant and usurping its burrow. Consequently, a burrowing lifestyle can lead to escalating social competition, with many crustaceans evolving elaborate weapons and territorial signals to resolve conflicts over burrow ownership. Some burrows even outlast the original architect as an “ecological inheritance,” serving as a legacy that impacts social evolution among subsequent generations of kin and nonkin. Comparative studies, using cutting-edge technology to dig deeper into the natural history of crustacean burrows, can provide powerful tests of general theoretical models of animal architecture and social evolution, especially the extended phenotype and niche construction.
The Life Cycle of Symbiotic Crustaceans
Authors: Baeza J. Antonio , Ocampo Emiliano H. , Luppi Tomás A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the subphylum Crustacea, species from most major clades have independently evolved symbiotic relationships with a wide variety of invertebrate and vertebrate hosts. Herein, we review the life cycle disparity in symbiotic crustaceans. Relatively simple life cycles with direct or abbreviated development can be found among symbiotic decapods, mysids, and amphipods. Compared to their closest free-living relatives, no major life cycle modifications were detected in these clades as well as in most symbiotic cirripeds. In contrast, symbiotic isopods, copepods, and tantulocarids exhibit complex life cycles with major differences compared to their closest free-living relatives. Key modifications in these clades include the presence of larval stages well endowed for dispersal and host infestation, and the use of up to 2 different host species with dissimilar ecologies throughout their ontogeny. Phylogenetic inertia and restrictions imposed by the body plan of some clades appear to be most relevant in determining life cycle modifications (or the lack thereof) from the “typical” ground pattern. Furthermore, the life cycle ground pattern is likely either constraining or favoring the adoption of a symbiotic lifestyle in some crustacean clades (e.g., in the Thecostraca).
Smashing the Liquor Machine
Authors: Schrad Mark Lawrence 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This is the history of temperance and prohibition as you’ve never read it before: redefining temperance as a progressive, global, pro-justice movement that touched virtually every significant world leader from the eighteenth through early twentieth centuries. American prohibition was only part of a global phenomenon, which included pro-temperance leaders like Vladimir Lenin, Leo Tolstoy, Tomáš Masaryk, Kemal Atatürk, Mahatma Gandhi, and anti-colonial activists across Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. Temperance wasn’t “American exceptionalism,” but one of the most broad-based and successful transnational social movements of the modern era. Temperance was intrinsically linked to progressivism, social justice, liberal self-determination, labor rights, women’s rights, civil rights and indigenous rights. Prohibitionism united Native American chiefs like Little Turtle and Black Hawk; African-American leaders Frederick Douglass, Ida Wells, and Booker T. Washington; suffragists Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, and Frances Willard; progressives from William Lloyd Garrison to William Jennings Bryan; writers F. E. W. Harper and Upton Sinclair, and even American presidents from Thomas Jefferson and Abraham Lincoln to Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson. Progressives rather than puritans, the global temperance movement advocated communal self-protection against the corrupt and predatory “liquor machine” that profited off the misery and addictions of the poor around the world, from the slums of South Asia to the beerhalls of Central Europe to the Native American reservations of the United States.
Introduction—Everything You Know about Prohibition Is Wrong
Authors: Schrad Mark Lawrence 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The book begins with a vignette of the world’s most famous—and most misunderstood—prohibitionist: the hatchet-wielding saloon smasher, Carrie Nation. A deeper investigation finds that she was anything but the Bible-thumping, conservative evangelical that she’s commonly made out to be; but rather a populist-progressive equal-rights crusader. Chapter 1 lays bare the shortcomings of the dominant historical narrative of temperance and prohibitionism as uniquely American developments resulting from a clash of religious and cultural groups. By examining the global history of prohibition, we can shed new light on the American experience. Answering the fundamental question—why prohibition?—this book argues that temperance was a global resistance movement against imperialism, subjugation, and the predatory capitalism of a liquor traffic in which political and economic elites profited handsomely from the addiction and misery of the people.
The Temperance Internationale—Social Democrats against the Liquor Machine in Sweden and Belgium
Authors: Schrad Mark Lawrence 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Chapter 3 pivots to European social democracy and the role that the “liquor question” played in its evolution, both in Sweden and Belgium. In Sweden, the so-called Gothenburg system of disinterested management and municipal dispensary became the foremost alternative to prohibitionism. By entrusting the liquor trade to local civic leaders conducting the business on temperance principles, the profit motive was removed, and with it, the negative externalities of the unregulated liquor trade. The chapter charts the evolution of the liquor question in Sweden through the rise of social democratic leader Hjalmar Branting: from imprisoned journalist to Nobel Peace Prize winner and the first ever social democratic head of state. Similar developments are tracked in Belgium, with socialist minister Emile Vandervelde championing the downtrodden Belgian worker, while also opposing the murderous, capitalist-imperialist liquor exploitation of the Congo by its own sovereign, King Leopold II.
First Peoples, First Prohibitionists
Authors: Schrad Mark Lawrence 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Armed with a new appreciation for prohibitionism as an anti-imperialist, anti-predatory-capitalist movement for community self-determination, Part III returns us to the United States, where prohibitionism goes back to the very first colonization of North America. Indeed, America’s first prohibitionists were its first peoples: battling against the “white man’s wicked water,” through which their sovereignty was stripped, in the same way as indigenous populations in Africa, South Asia, and Australia. Chapter 9 highlights the role of Miami chief Little Turtle in urging President Thomas Jefferson to enact, in 1802, the first federal prohibition of the trafficking of liquor to native tribes, even while liquor excises had become the primary pillar of state finance of the young republic.
The Empire Club Strikes Back
Authors: Schrad Mark Lawrence 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A key flaw in the standard, culturalist interpretation is that prohibitionism was a “whitelash” of conservative, rural, nativists “disciplining” of immigrants and blacks. The reality of 1840s New York was completely different: not only were Irish immigrants more likely to be temperate than their nativist, American counterparts (Chapter 5), but the focus of temperance activism—the money-making liquor traffic—was actually in the hands of established white nativists like “Captain” Isaiah Rynders, “Boss” Tweed, and the corrupt Tammany Hall machine. In upstate New York, temperance-abolitionist-suffragist reformers--including Frederick Douglass, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Amelia Bloomer, and Susan B. Anthony--began a movement for women’s equality born of their temperance activism. Concurrent with the 1853 World’s Fair in New York, Rynders and his Know-Nothings clashed, physically, with the equal-rights reformers from upstate, whose temperance threatened the financial foundations of the Tammany Hall political machine.
The Progressive Soul of American Prohibition
Authors: Schrad Mark Lawrence 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Traditional prohibition histories make a big to-do about evangelical Christianity. But as Chapter 14 explores, the evangelism of the Progressive Era was not about Bible thumping, or otherworldly damnation. Rather the social gospel—most famously pioneered by the Baptist Walter Rauschenbusch—was about uplifting the poor and downtrodden as per Jesus’s example. Social justice meant doing right by your fellow man, not getting him addicted for profit. Rauschenbusch’s evangelism was socialism with a Christian moral compass. This chapter examines the social gospel, including Henry George’s famed “single tax” on unearned income as a way to remedy the vast inequalities of wealth and power. Neither temperance nor evangelism was antithetical to new medical-science and social-science approaches the liquor question. The chapter traces the effects of this evangelism on the antiliquor progressivism of Theodore Roosevelt in New York politics.
A People’s History of American Prohibition
Authors: Schrad Mark Lawrence 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Chapter 16 examines the predations of the parasitic Gilded Age “liquor trusts”--akin to the big railroad, steel, and financial trusts--including the United States Brewers’ Association and the Liquor Dealers’ Association, which corrupted law enforcement and government representatives. Unlike these trusts, the Anti-Saloon League (ASL) could not buy off politicians, but relied on agitation and publicity—ensuring that constituents were fully informed as to their elected representatives’ voting records on temperance. Progressive prohibitionists made common cause with good-governance “muckrakers” like Pussyfoot Johnson and Upton Sinclair. The chapter turns to the wave of state-level prohibitions, beginning with the Oklahoma’s prohibition statehood in 1907, drawing on the long-standing prohibitionism of Native Americans. From there, the “dry wave” swept the American South, where the liquor traffic was more diffused and less organized, and temperance sentiment was strong among both white and black communities.
The Battle for a Dry America
Authors: Schrad Mark Lawrence 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Chapter 17 examines the Anti-Saloon League’s pivot to pressing for the Eighteenth (Prohibition) Amendment. In 1912 former president Theodore Roosevelt ran as a third-party Progressive against his handpicked Republican successor, William Howard Taft, as Taft had undermined Roosevelt’s signature Pure Food and Drug Act, which included purity standards on alcohol. The electoral split gave the presidency to Democrat Woodrow Wilson, who was agnostic toward prohibition. World War I and the accompanying “cult of military sobriety” strengthened prohibitionist sentiment, while the election of 1916 secured the legislative supermajorities needed for a prohibition amendment. Once passed in December 1917, the amendment was ratified with unprecedented speed by January 1919, to come into effect one year later. In the meantime, drys pushed for a “wartime prohibition” until demobilization was complete. With prohibition in America secured, activists looked abroad through the World League Against Alcoholism (WLAA) and its chief emissary, Pussyfoot Johnson.
Conclusion—Where Did We Go Wrong?
Authors: Schrad Mark Lawrence 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Having finished our history of prohibitionism, Chapter 18 asks: Where did our historical understandings go wrong? The chapter begins with the autumn years of Pussyfoot Johnson during the Great Depression, when prohibitionists had been thoroughly discredited. With the rise of Hayekian neoliberalism after World War II in the United States, any infringement on individual economic rights became understood as a necessary infringement on political rights too—which has made it difficult for contemporary historians to understand prohibitionism. In the 1950s and 1960s, Richard Hofstadter and Joseph Gusfield cast prohibition as solely a moral, religious issue, rather than a political or economic one, motivated by equal parts of “Marx, Jefferson and Jesus.” Ultimately, prohibitionism was a transnational normative shift about the inappropriateness of benefiting from addiction and misery of the masses, and an attempt to put the welfare of society ahead of the needs of the state.
Introduction
Authors: Vaccari Cristian , Valeriani Augusto 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
To understand the relationship between social media and political participation, the book focuses on politically relevant outcomes of citizens’ use of social media rather than on the technical affordances of digital platforms or the sheer frequency with which people use them. Encountering political content one agrees with, being accidentally exposed to political news, and being targeted by electoral mobilization can all lead citizens to participate more in politics. This is especially the case among citizens who are less interested in politics and less attentive to a general election campaign. Differences in the kinds of voters who may be mobilized by social media may also affect electoral competition. Political institutions can also shape the relationships between political experiences on social media and participation.
Dancing With a Ghost
Authors: Mordden Ethan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This chapter evaluates British musicals in the 1930s and 1940s. This period, the chapter argues, was characterized by a lack of ambition. One problem was the paucity of Jewish writers in the UK. This ethnic group is notable for imaginative expertise in musical theatre and this is one of many reasons why the American brand is so protean. The most disappointing element could be argued to be passéiste choreography. In the meantime, the American musical was letting dance evolve most originally than in the UK. It is worth noting that Charles B. Cochran hired American choreographers for his most aspiring shows of the early 1930s, Ever Green (1930) and Nymph Errant (1933). Ever Green is a spectacular book musical that introduced Britain to the recent German invention of the revolving stage. The comedy musical then became less popular. However, Me and My Girl (1937) was an outstanding comedy musical. Me and My Girl was the work of composer Noel Gay, with L. Arthur Rose and Douglas Furber involved. Though as producer-director Lupino Lane could be called the show's auteur.
The Little Things We Used To Do
Authors: Mordden Ethan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This chapter addresses the British musical in the 1970s and 1980s. The review (of old music) replaced the revue, as can be seen in the mermaid's Cowardy Custard (1972) and Cole (1974), which were both stylish recapitulations of Noël Coward and Cole Porter. They had flavorsome casts, though the singing was variable. The chapter then focuses on two adaptations: The Good Companions (1974) and Peg (1984). It also considers the staging of movie musicals. This is not a ground-breaking genre, but one title that now stands out as a secret classic is Alan Parker's staging of the movie Bugsy Malone, in 1983. The staging of this retained all ten of the movie's numbers without emendation, and while the entire cast was dubbed onscreen, Parker had his stage cast doing their own vocals.
Apes That Walked Upright (About Three Million Years Ago)
Authors: Newson Lesley , Richerson Peter J. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Your ancestors who lived three million years ago were still good at climbing trees, but they no longer spent most of their time in the forest. Their bodies were adapted to walking around on the ground and eating tougher food. They foraged in drier environments where food and sources of water were further apart, and they were more exposed to predators. This environment was particularly difficult for mothers and infants, but they could cope if they grouped together and helped each other. They could take turns being foragers and bringing back food and being babysitters, looking after their young ones in a defendable place with water nearby. This provided a different social environment than that of apes that stayed in the forest. Youngsters had to be quieter and less aggressive. And they were able to learn by watching several different adults and older children, observing different foraging techniques. There was more to learn, and natural selection would have favored the individuals who chose to learn more effective techniques.
“You befouled your own nest!”
Authors: Gautreau Justin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This chapter argues that the relationship between the Hollywood novel and films about Hollywood underwent a reversal of sorts beginning in the late 1940s and early 1950s. It begins by examining how Los Angeles film noir of the 1940s set the stage for mainstream films to take direct aim at Hollywood. By 1950, the release of In a Lonely Place and Sunset Boulevard demonstrated Hollywood’s capacity to befoul its own nest as a handful of screenwriters, directors, and stars responded directly and critically to the industry’s rusting machinery. If film adaptations of Hollywood novels in the 1920s and 1930s had largely defanged the novels’ treatment of the industry, studio films around this time developed their own bite, especially amid the gradual collapse of the studio system.
Reading Veganism
Authors: Quinn Emelia 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Reading Veganism: The Monstrous Vegan, 1818 to Present focuses on the iteration of the trope of ‘the monstrous vegan’ across 200 years of Anglophone literature. Explicating, through such monsters, veganism’s relation to utopian longing and challenge to the conceptual category of the ‘human’, the book explores ways in which ethical identities can be written, represented, and transmitted. Reading Veganism proposes that we can recognize and identify the monstrous vegan in relation to four key traits. First, monstrous vegans do not eat animals, an abstinence that generates a seemingly inexplicable anxiety in those who encounter them. Second, they are hybrid assemblages of human and nonhuman animal parts, destabilizing existing taxonomical classifications. Third, monstrous vegans are sired outside of heterosexual reproduction, the product of male acts of creation. And, finally, monstrous vegans are intimately connected to acts of writing and literary creation. The principal contention of the book is that understandings of veganism, as identity and practice, are limited without a consideration of multiplicity, provisionality, failure, and insufficiency within vegan definition and lived practice. Veganism’s association with positivity, in its drive for health and purity, is countered by a necessary and productive negativity generated by a recognition of the horrors of the modern world. Vegan monsters rehearse the key paradoxes involved in the writing of vegan identity.
Margaret Atwood and Monstrous Vegan Words
Authors: Quinn Emelia 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Chapter 3 positions Margaret Atwood’s MaddAddam trilogy (2003‒13) as the culmination of the trajectory built across the previous two chapters, drawing directly on the monstrous vegans of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and H. G. Wells’s The Island of Doctor Moreau. The chapter argues that Atwood’s vegan monsters are presented as overdetermined literary constructions and signal the impossibility of connecting to a ‘pure’ or inherent vegan identity. Unpacking allusions to a wide body of vegetarian and vegan philosophy and thought within the texts, this chapter re-thinks ideas about narrative transmission and the reproduction of literary veganisms. The chapter ultimately argues that the recognition of historic vegan words, in the service of greater visibility and recognition, risks circumventing the complications and contradictions inherent to their transmission.