bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interpersonal Violence Throughout the Lifespan
Authors: Holliday Ryan , Forster Jeri E. , Schneider Alexandra L. , Miller Christin , Monteith Lindsey L. 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Female veterans experience interpersonal violence (ie, physical and sexual violence) more often than male veterans and nonveteran females. There is limited knowledge of types of interpersonal violence across the lifespan in relation to suicidal ideation and suicide attempt. Prior research has also focused on those accessing the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) care.

Objective:
This study examined if physical and sexual violence at differing time points (ie, premilitary, during military service) were associated with suicidal ideation and a suicide attempt at subsequent time points. We anticipated that violence would be associated with an increased risk of suicidal ideation and attempt; however, given limited prior research, we were uncertain which types of violence and time points would be associated with risk.

Research Design:
Data from a cross-sectional national survey.

Subjects:
A total of 407 female veterans using, formerly using, or who never used VHA care.

Measures:
Suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, physical violence, and sexual violence were assessed.

Results:
Premilitary sexual, but not physical, violence was associated with military suicidal ideation. Both premilitary and military sexual and physical violence were associated with postmilitary suicidal ideation. Premilitary and military sexual, but not physical, violence were associated with a postmilitary suicide attempt. These results were maintained after accounting for VHA use. A significant model for military suicide attempt was not generated.

Conclusions:
Assessment of premilitary and military sexual violence among female veterans is warranted within the context of suicide risk assessment and prevention. Preventing sexual violence among female veterans may be important for preventing suicidal ideation and attempt.
Ultrasound Imaging and Guidance in Common Wrist/Hand Pathologies
Authors: Mezian Kamal , Ricci Vincenzo , Jačisko Jakub , Sobotová Karolína , Angerová Yvona , Naňka Ondřej , Özçakar Levent 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Wrist/hand pain is a prevalent musculoskeletal condition with a great spectrum of etiologies (varying from overuse injuries to soft tissue tumors). Although most of the anatomical structures are quite superficial and easily evaluated during physical examination, for several reasons, the use of ultrasound imaging and guidance has gained an intriguing and paramount concern in the prompt management of relevant patients. In this aspect, the present review aims to illustrate detailed cadaveric wrist/hand anatomy to shed light into better understanding the corresponding ultrasonographic examinations/interventions in carpal tunnel syndrome, trigger finger, de Quervain tenosynovitis, rhizarthrosis, and the radiocarpal joint arthritis. In addition, evidence from the literature supporting the rationale why ultrasound guidance is henceforth unconditional in musculoskeletal practice is also exemplified.
Secondary Care of Cleft Lip and Palate: Analysis of Dentofacial Orthopedic and Orthognathic Treatments
Authors: Ferri Joël , Schlund Matthias , Nicot Romain , Lauwers Ludovic , Nazat Dominique , Touzet-Roumazeille Sandrine 
Published: January 2021

Introduction:
Orthodontic and orthognathic management of cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) is a highly controversial subject. We present herein a retrospective study of 214 secondary cases followed over 22 years in order to assess the factors of successful management.

Material and methods:
The study focuses on the results of gingivoperiosteoplasty, and occlusal stability. Nine subgroups were identified, taking into account the age of the patients, the history of surgery on the alveolar region, and the presence or absence of skeletal discrepancy.

Results:
Results clearly demonstrate a higher rate of poor outcomes and failures in the multioperated population. The success rate of the graft is 80.82% in the multioperated population versus 100% non-multioperated population. Periodontitis problem or orthodontic difficulties affect 19.17% of the patient in the multioperated groups versus 12% in the other groups. Relapse, particularly the transversal dimension, is also found mostly in the multi-operated population: 17.8% versus 6% in the non-multioperated population.

Discussion:
Several factors are involved in the success of orthodontics, dentofacial orthopedics, and orthognathic surgery of CLP patients. Our study shows that previous surgeries, especially when they are multiple with repeated failures, jeopardize the chances of success of secondary treatments. This is explained by the secondary fibrosis of the tissues around the cleft. Finally, major palatal surgeries performed early, have adverse effects on maxillary growth. Many other factors play an important role in the stability of the success that are linked with orofacial functions. These data must be taken into account in the treatment of CLP patients.
Exosome-Induced Vaginal Tissue Regeneration in a Porcine Mesh Exposure Model
Authors: Kisby Cassandra K. , Shadrin Ilya Y. , Rolland Tyler J. , Stalboerger Paul G. , Zhou Boran , Trabuco Emanuel C. , Behfar Atta , Occhino John A. 
Published: January 2021

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to explore the utility of an injectable purified exosome product derived from human apheresis blood to (1) augment surgical closure of vaginal mesh exposures, and (2) serve as a stand-alone therapy for vaginal mesh exposure.

Methods
Sixteen polypropylene meshes (1×1–3×3 cm) were implanted in the vaginas of 7 Yorkshire-crossed pigs by urogynecologic surgeons (day 0). On day 7, group 1 underwent surgical intervention via vaginal tissue suture reclosure with (n=2 pigs, n=4 meshes) or without (n=2 pigs, n=4 meshes) exosome injection; group 2 underwent medical intervention with an exosome injection (n=3, n=8 meshes). One animal in group 2 was given oral 2′-deoxy-5-ethynyluridine to track cellular regeneration. Euthansia occurred at 5 weeks.

Results
Mesh exposures treated with surgical closure alone experienced reexposure of the mesh. Exosome treatment with or without surgical closure resulted in partial to full mesh exposure resolution up to 3×3 cm. Exosome-treated tissues had significantly thicker regenerated epithelial tissue (208 μm exosomes-only and 217 μm surgery+exosomes, versus 80 μm for surgery-only; P < 0.05); evaluation of 2′-deoxy-5-ethynyluridine confirmed de novo regeneration throughout the epithelium and underlying tissues. Capillary density was significantly higher in the surgery+exosomes group (P = 0.03). Surgery-only tissues had a higher inflammatory and fibrosis response as compared with exosome-treated tissues.

Conclusions
In this pilot study, exosome treatment augmented healing in the setting of vaginal mesh exposure, reducing the incidence of mesh reexposure after suture closure and decreasing the area of mesh exposure through de novo tissue regeneration after exosome injection only. Further study of varied local tissue conditions and mesh configurations is warranted.
Acute Complete Oculomotor Nerve Palsy in a Young Male Due to a Skull Base Myofibroma
Authors: Hoang Tung Thanh , Van Le Thuy , Tran Dat , Ho Thuong Duc , Thi Le Nhung Hong , Subramanian Prem S. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract:
A 25-year-old male patient visited the ophthalmology clinic because of upper eye lid ptosis in the right eye, binocular double vision, and light sensitivity. He was diagnosed with a complete third nerve palsy caused by a skull base myofibroma, a rare clinical entity that has not been described before in oculomotor nerve palsy.
Occupational and environmental exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in and around infected mink farms
Authors: de Rooij Myrna M.T. , Hakze-Van der Honing Renate W. , Hulst Marcel M. , Harders Frank , Engelsma Marc , van de Hoef Wouter , Meliefste Kees , Nieuwenweg Sigrid , Munnink Bas B. Oude , Schothorst Isabella van , Sikkema Reina S. , van der Spek Arco N. , Spierenburg Marcel , Spithoven Jack , Bouwstra Ruth , Molenaar Robert-Jan , Koopmans Marion , Stegeman Arjan , van der Poel Wim H.M. , Smit Lidwien A.M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUnprecedented SARS-CoV-2 infections in farmed minks raised immediate concerns regarding human health which initiated intensive environmental investigations. Air sampling was performed in infected mink farms, at farm premises and at residential sites. A range of other environmental samples were collected from minks’ housing units including bedding material. Inside the farms, high levels of SARS-CoV-2 RNA were found in airborne dust, on surfaces, and on various other environmental matrices. This warns for occupational exposure which was substantiated by considerable SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations in personal air samples. Dispersion of SARS-CoV-2 to outdoor air was found to be limited and SARS-CoV-2 RNA was not detected in air samples collected beyond farm premises, implying a negligible environmental exposure risk for nearby communities. Our occupational and environmental risk assessment is in line with whole genome sequences analyses showing mink-to-human transmission in farm workers, but no indications for direct zoonotic transmission events to nearby communities.
Emergence of multiple SARS-CoV-2 mutations in an immunocompromised host
Authors: Khatamzas Elham , Rehn Alexandra , Muenchhoff Maximilian , Hellmuth Johannes , Gaitzsch Erik , Weiglein Tobias , Georgi Enrico , Scherer Clemens , Stecher Stephanie , Weigert Oliver , Girl Philipp , Zange Sabine , Keppler Oliver T. , Stemmler Joachim , von Bergwelt-Baildon Michael , Wölfel Roman , Antwerpen Markus 
Published: January 2021

AbstractProlonged shedding of infectious SARS-CoV-2 has recently been reported in a number of immunosuppressed individuals with COVID-19. Here, we describe the detection of high levels of replication-competent SARS-CoV-2 in specimens taken from the respiratory tract of a B-cell depleted patient up to 154 days after initial COVID-19 diagnosis concomitant with the development of high mutation rate. In this patient, a total of 11 nonsynonymous mutations were detected in addition to the Y144 deletion in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2.Virus evolution studies revealed a dramatic diversification in viral population coinciding with treatment with convalescent plasma and clinical respiratory deterioration. Our findings highlight the urgent need for continuous real-time surveillance of genetic changes of SARS-CoV-2 adaptation alongside immunological investigations in patients with severely compromised humoral responses who may shed infectious virus over prolonged periods of time.
Social and Leisure Activity Contribute to the Attenuation of Decline in Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Degeneration
Authors: Kinney Nikolas G. , Bove Jessica , Phillips Jeffrey S. , Cousins Katheryn A. , Olm Christopher A. , Wakeman Daniel G. , McMillan Corey T. , Massimo Lauren 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTBehavioral variant frontotemporal degeneration (bvFTD) is clinically characterized by progressive decline in social and executive domains. Previous work suggests that early lifestyle factors such as education and occupational attainment may relate to structural integrity and moderate the rate of cognitive decline in bvFTD, but the role of other cognitively stimulating activities is understudied. We sought to investigate the effect of such activities on cortical thickness (CT) in bvFTD. bvFTD patients (n=31) completed a baseline MRI scan, and informants for the patients completed the Lifetime of Experiences Questionnaire (LEQ), which measures specific activities considered to be undertaken primarily within one particular life phase, such as education (young-life), occupation (mid-life), and social/leisure activity (late-life). At baseline, linear models assessed the effect of LEQ scores from each life phase on regional CT. A subset (n=19) of patients completed longitudinal MRI, and to evaluate the association of LEQ with longitudinal rates of CT decline, we derived individualized slopes of decline using linear mixed effects models and these were related to LEQ scores from each life phase. At baseline, a higher late-life LEQ score was associated with less atrophy in bilateral superior anterior temporal regions. Longitudinally, we observed that higher late-life LEQ scores were associated with an attenuated rate of CT loss in insular cortex. Late-life LEQ score was positively associated with both relatively preserved CT early in bvFTD and a slower rate of cortical loss in regions important for social functioning. These findings suggest that social and leisure activities may contribute to a form of resilience against pathologic effects of disease.
Transmission dynamics and forecasts of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico, March 20-November 11, 2020
Authors: Tariq Amna , Banda Juan M. , Skums Pavel , Dahal Sushma , Castillo-Garsow Carlos , Espinoza Baltazar , Brizuela Noel G. , Saenz Roberto A. , Kirpich Alexander , Luo Ruiyan , Srivastava Anuj , Gutierrez Humberto , Chan Nestor Garcia , Bento Ana I. , Jimenez-Corona Maria-Eugenia , Chowell Gerardo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMexico has experienced one of the highest COVID-19 death rates in the world. A delayed response towards implementation of social distancing interventions until late March 2020 and a phased reopening of the country in June 2020 has facilitated sustained disease transmission in the region. Here, we systematically generate and compare 30-day ahead forecasts using previously validated growth models based on mortality trends from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation for Mexico and Mexico City in near real-time. Moreover, we estimate reproduction numbers for SARS-CoV-2 based on methods that rely on genomic data as well as case incidence data. Subsequently, functional data analysis techniques are utilized to analyze the shapes of COVID-19 growth rate curves at the state level to characterize the spatial-temporal transmission patterns. The early estimates of reproduction number for Mexico were estimated between R∼1.1-from genomic and case incidence data. Moreover, the mean estimate of R has fluctuated ∼1.0 from late July till end of September 2020. The spatial analysis characterizes the state-level dynamics of COVID-19 into four groups with distinct epidemic trajectories. We found that the sequential mortality forecasts from the GLM and Richards model predict downward trends in the number of deaths for all thirteen forecasts periods for Mexico and Mexico City. The sub-epidemic and IHME models predict more realistic stable trajectory of COVID-19 mortality trends for the last three forecast periods (09/21-10/21 - 09/28-10/27) for Mexico and Mexico City. Our findings support the view that phenomenological models are useful tools for short-term epidemic forecasting albeit forecasts need to be interpreted with caution given the dynamic implementation and lifting of social distancing measures.
Lessons learnt from the use of compartmental models over the COVID-19 induced lockdown in France
Authors: Gauchon Romain , Ponthus Nicolas , Pothier Catherine , Rigotti Christophe , Volpert Vitaly , Derrode Stéphane , Bertoglio Jean-Pierre , Bienvenüe Alexis , Goffard Pierre-Olivier , Eyraud-Loisel Anne , Pageaud Simon , Iwaz Jean , Loisel Stéphane , Roy Pascal 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundCompartmental models help making public health decisions. They were used during the COVID-19 outbreak to estimate the reproduction numbers and predict the number of hospital beds required. This study examined the ability of closely related compartmental models to reflect equivalent epidemic dynamics.MethodsThe study considered three independently designed compartmental models that described the COVID-19 outbreak in France. Model compartments and parameters were expressed in a common framework and models were calibrated using the same hospitalization data from two official public databases. The calibration procedure was repeated over three different periods to compare model abilities to: i) fit over the whole lockdown; ii) predict the course of the epidemic during the lockdown; and, iii) provide profiles to predict hospitalization prevalence after lockdown. The study considered national and regional coverages.ResultsThe three models were all flexible enough to match real hospitalization data during the lockdown, but the numbers of cases in the other compartments differed. The three models failed to predict reliably the number of hospitalizations after the fitting periods at national as at regional scales. At the national scale, an improved calibration led to epidemic course profiles that reflected hospitalization dynamics and reproduction numbers that were coherent with official and literature estimates.ConclusionThis study shows that prevalence data are needed to further refine the calibration and make a selection between still divergent models. This underlines strongly the need for repeated prevalence studies on representative population samples.
Sub-lethal aquatic doses of pyriproxyfen may increase pyrethroid resistance in malaria mosquitoes
Authors: Opiyo Mercy A. , Ngowo Halfan S. , Mapua Salum A. , Mpingwa Monica , Matowo Nancy S. , Majambere Silas , Okumu Fredros O. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundPyriproxyfen (PPF), an insect growth hormone mimic is widely used as a larvicide and in some second-generation bed nets, where it is combined with pyrethroids to improve impact. It has also been evaluated as a candidate for auto-dissemination by adult mosquitoes to controlAedesandAnophelesspecies. We examined whether PPF added to larval habitats of pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors can modulate levels of resistance among emergent adult mosquitoes.MethodologyThird-instar larvae of pyrethroid-resistantAnopheles arabiensis(both laboratory-reared and field-collected) were reared in different PPF concentrations, between 1×10-9milligrams active ingredient per litre of water (mgAI/L) and 1×10-4mgAI/L, or no PPF at all. Emergent adults escaping these sub-lethal exposures were tested using WHO-standard susceptibility assays on pyrethroids (0.75% permethrin and 0.05% deltamethrin), carbamates (0.1% bendiocarb) and organochlorides (4% DDT). Biochemical basis of pyrethroid resistance was investigated by pre-exposure to 4% PBO. Bio-efficacies of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets, Olyset®and PermaNet 2.0 were also examined against adult mosquitoes with or without previous aquatic exposure to PPF.ResultsAddition of sub-lethal doses of PPF to larval habitats of pyrethroid-resistantAn. arabiensis, consistently resulted in significantly reduced mortalities of emergent adults when exposed to pyrethroids, but not to bendiocarb or DDT. Mortality rates after exposure to Olyset®nets, but not PermaNet 2.0 were also reduced following aquatic exposures to PPF. Pre-exposure to PBO followed by permethrin or deltamethrin resulted in significant increases in mortality, compared to either insecticide alone.ConclusionsPartially-resistant mosquitoes exposed to sub-lethal aquatic concentrations of PPF may become more resistant to pyrethroids than they already are without such pre-exposures. Studies should be conducted to examine whether field applications of PPF, either by larviciding or other means actually excercebates pyrethroid-resistance in areas where signs of such resistance already exist in wild the vector populations. The studies should also investigate mechanisms underlying such magnification of resistance, and how this may impact the potential of PPF-based interventions in areas with pyrethroid resistance.
GIS-Based Analysis Framework for identifying COVID-19 Incidence and Fatality Determinants at National Level Case study: Africa
Authors: Hassan Mahmoud A. , Ghazy Ramy Mohamed , Abdelwahab Rofida G. , Elbarky Toka A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundCOVID-19 pandemic is an extraordinary threat with significant implications in all aspects of human life, therefore, it represents the most immediate challenges for all countries all over the world.ObjectivesThis study is intended to develop a GIS-based analysis model to explore, quantify and model the relationships between COVID-19 morbidity and mortality and their potential predictor variables.MethodFor this purpose, a model was developed to estimate COVID-19 incidence and fatality rates in Africa up to 16thof August 2020 at the national level. The model involved Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) analysis through ArcGIS was applied.ResultSpatial Autocorrelation Analysis revealed that there was positive spatial autocorrelation in COVID-19 incidence (Moran index 0.16.Pvalue <0.1), and fatality (Moran index 0.0.35,Pvalue<0.01) rates within different African countries. At continental level, OLS revealed that COVID-19 incidence rate was found to be positively associated with overcrowding, health expenditure, HIV infections and air pollution and negatively associated with BCG vaccine (β=2.97,1.45, 0.01, 3.29, −47.65 respectively,P< 0.05) At the same time, COVID-19 fatality was found to be positively related to asthma prevalence and tobacco use. Yet, certain level of inconsistency was noted in the case of COVID-19 fatality, which was negatively related to elder population, poverty, and cardiovascular mortality (P<0.05). This model showed convenient level of validity in modeling the relationship between COVID-19 incidence as well as fatality and their key predictors using GWR. In this respect, the model explained about 58% and 55% of the variance in COVID-19 incidence and fatality rates, respectively, as a function of considered predictors.ConclusionApplication of the suggested model can assist in guiding intervention strategies, particularly in case of local and community level whenever the data on COVID-19 cases and predictors variables are available.
Benefits of natural habitat particularly woodland on children’s cognition and mental health
Authors: Maes Mikaël J. A. , Pirani Monica , Booth Elizabeth R. , Shen Chen , Milligan Ben , Jones Kate E. , Toledano Mireille B. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTLife in urban areas is associated with adverse human health effects, including risks of developing cognitive problems and mental health issues. Many epidemiological studies have established associations between urban nature, cognitive development and mental health, but why specifically we receive these health benefits remains unclear, especially in children. Here, we used longitudinal data in a cohort of 3,568 children aged 9 to 15 years at 31 schools across London to develop a model and examine the associations between natural habitat type, and children’s cognitive development and mental health. We show that, after adjusting for other environmental, demographic and socioeconomic variables, higher daily exposure rates to natural habitat and particularly woodland were associated with enhanced cognitive development and mental health from late childhood to early adolescence. Our results suggest that optimising ecosystem services linked to cognitive development and mental health benefits should prioritise the type of natural habitat for sustainable urban planning decisions.