bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The MRI posterior drawer test to assess posterior cruciate ligament functionality and knee joint laxity
Authors: Wollschläger Lena Marie , Radke Karl Ludger , Schock Justus , Kotowski Niklas , Latz David , Kanschik Dominika , Filler Timm Joachim , Caspers Svenja , Antoch Gerald , Windolf Joachim , Abrar Daniel Benjamin , Nebelung Sven 
Published: October 2021

AbstractClinical Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of joints is limited to mere morphologic evaluation and fails to directly visualize joint or ligament function. In this controlled laboratory study, we show that knee joint functionality may be quantified in situ and as a function of graded posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)-deficiency by combining MRI and standardized loading. 11 human knee joints underwent MRI under standardized posterior loading in the unloaded and loaded (147 N) configurations and in the intact, partially, and completely PCL-injured conditions. For each specimen, configuration, and condition, 3D joint models were implemented to analyse joint kinematics based on 3D Euclidean vectors and their projections on the Cartesian planes. Manual 2D measurements served as reference. With increasing PCL deficiency, vector projections increased significantly in the anteroposterior dimension under loading and manual measurements demonstrated similar patterns of change. Consequently, if combined with advanced image post-processing, stress MRI is a powerful diagnostic adjunct to evaluate ligament functionality and joint laxity in multiple dimensions and may have a role in differentiating PCL injury patterns, therapeutic decision-making, and treatment monitoring.
A Case Series of Budd–Chiari Syndrome in Nigerian Patients: Diagnosis, Associations, Management, and Outcomes
Authors: Ninalowo Hammed , Oluyemi Aderemi , Olowoyeye Omodele , Ajayi Abisoye 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBudd–Chiari syndrome (BCS) is defined as hepatic outflow obstruction regardless of the cause or level of obstruction—from small hepatic veins to the opening of the inferior vena cava in the right atrium. BCS could be primary or secondary. Very few cases of this syndrome have been reported in Nigeria and there is no local clinical series documenting the noninvasive and invasive imaging findings and importance of interventional radiology techniques in its diagnosis and management.We report three cases of patients diagnosed with BCS in Lagos, Nigeria. We hope this work will raise awareness about the condition and its associations and show that much can be done to establish diagnosis and care with minimally invasive techniques in our resource-limited environment.
The electrical- and magneto-transport properties of Rb-, Sn-, and Co-doped BiCuSeO crystals
Authors: Han Shuang , Yin Cheng-Hao , Lv Yang-Yang , Lu Hao-Min , Luo Ye-Cheng , Xu Lu , Yao Shu-Hua , Zhou Jian , Chen Y. B. 
Published: October 2021

Doped BiCuSeO is one of the promising thermoelectric oxide candidates. However, the research on doping effects on the electrical transport properties of BiCuSeO, especially in crystalline samples, is still limited. Here, we studied the transport properties of doped BiCuSeO crystals, including three types of doping species (Rb, Sn, and Co) with varying concentrations. In the case of Rb-doped BiCuSeO crystals, few percentage (≤1%) Rb-doping make BiCuSeO display metallic behavior, while high one (≥2%) displays bad-metallic behavior. Both Sn- and Co-doped BiCuSeO crystals have similar electrical evolution as Rb-doped ones. The charge carriers of all these doped BiCuSeO crystals are holes, and the increased dopant concentration decreases the hole concentrations regardless of the type of dopant species. There is negative magnetoresistance (MR) in Rb- and Sn-doped BiCuSeO at low temperature (&lt;15 K), which is due to the breakdown of weak localization by magnetic field B, but the MR behaviors in Co-doped BiCuSeO crystals are strongly correlated with their magnetic properties. The analysis of the temperature-dependent mobility of these doped BiCuSeO crystals substantiates that at low temperatures (&lt;50 K), electron-impurity scattering dominates, while electron–phonon scattering dominates at high temperatures (&gt;50 K). The evolution of the above-mentioned electrical/magneto-transport properties of doped BiCuSeO can be understood as follows: the dopant compensates the Bi-deficiency in pristine BiCuSeO crystals and decreases the hole concentration and leads to the metal–Anderson-insulator transition. These results may be valuable to optimize the electrical properties of layered compounds similar to BiCuSeO.
Wave transport in 1D stealthy hyperuniform phononic materials made of non-resonant and resonant scatterers
Authors: Romero-García V. , Chéron É. , Kuznetsova S. , Groby J.-P. , Félix S. , Pagneux V. , Garcia-Raffi L. M. 
Published: October 2021

Stealthy hyperuniform point patterns are characterized by a vanishing spatial Fourier transform around the origin of the reciprocal vector space. The long-range point density fluctuations are suppressed as well in materials consisting of such distribution of scatterers, opening up opportunities to control waves. Beside wave transport in such structured materials are driven by several elements, such as the acoustic properties of the host material, the scatterer characteristics, i.e., dimensions or resonant features, and the scatterer distribution patterns. The effects of these three basic elements on the wave transport properties are usually hard to discriminate. In this work, we analyze the transport properties of acoustic waves in one-dimensional phononic materials constituted of either non-resonant or resonant scatterers distributed along stealthy hyperuniform patterns in air. The pattern is controlled by the stealthiness, allowing us to continuously vary from random phononic materials to phononic crystals. The properties of the scatterers are controlled by their size and/or the resonant frequencies. The properties of the host material are controlled by the viscothermal losses. Transport properties of stealthy hyperuniform materials are found to be robust to both the scatterer dimensions and inherent viscothermal losses, while strongly affected by the scatterer resonances, which introduce sharp dips in the transmission coefficient.
Study on screening current field of quasi-isotropic strand and directly stacked strand at different field orientations
Authors: Nie Yang , Wang Yinshun , Liu Yating , Wang Jian , Pi Wei 
Published: October 2021

REBCO tapes, the so-called second-generation high temperature superconductor, have wide application prospects in electrical engineering and high field magnets because of their high critical current density and superior mechanical and electromagnetic properties. However, a screening current field (SCF) can be induced by the perpendicular component of the magnetic field if the tapes are in a variable magnetic field since the width of the commercial tape is generally more than 2 mm. As a result, the SCF results in an uneven spatial distribution of the magnetic field. In this paper, the SCFs of the quasi-isotropic strand and the directly stacked strand, made of the REBCO tapes, are calculated at 77 K under different orientations of a 300 mT external magnetic field. Then, the experiments are conducted under the same conditions as the simulation. The experimental results are in good agreement with the calculated results. The conclusions of this paper are helpful to understand the SCFs of two kinds of strands and useful in the design of high field magnets in the future.
Strongly enhanced second-order optical nonlinearity in CMOS-compatible Al1−xScxN thin films
Authors: Yoshioka Valerie , Lu Jian , Tang Zichen , Jin Jicheng , Olsson Roy H. , Zhen Bo 
Published: October 2021

Silicon photonics has enabled large-scale production of integrated optical devices for a vast array of applications. However, extending its use to nonlinear devices is difficult since silicon does not exhibit an intrinsic second-order nonlinearity. While heterogeneous integration of strongly nonlinear materials is possible, it often requires additional procedures since these materials cannot be directly grown on silicon. On the other hand, CMOS-compatible materials often suffer from weaker nonlinearities, compromising efficiency. A promising alternative to current material platforms is scandium-doped aluminum nitride (Al1−xScxN), which maintains the CMOS compatibility of aluminum nitride (AlN) and has been used in electrical devices for its enhanced piezoelectricity. Here, we observe enhancement in optical second-order susceptibility (χ(2)) in CMOS-compatible Al1−xScxN thin films with varying Sc concentrations. For Al0.64Sc0.36N, the χ(2) component d33 is enhanced to 62.3 ± 5.6 pm/V, which is 12 times stronger than intrinsic AlN and twice as strong as lithium niobate. Increasing the Sc concentration enhances both χ(2) components, but loss increases with a higher Sc concentration as well, with Al0.64Sc0.36N exhibiting 17.2 dB/cm propagation loss at 1550 nm and Al0.80Sc0.20N exhibiting 8.2 dB/cm at 1550 nm. Since other material properties of this alloy are also affected by Sc, tuning the Sc concentration can balance strong nonlinearity, loss, and other factors depending on the needs of specific applications. As such, Al1−xScxN could facilitate low cost development of nonlinear integrated photonic devices.
Coherent epitaxy of trilayer nickelate (Nd0.8Sr0.2)4Ni3O10 films by high-pressure magnetron sputtering
Authors: Bi Jiachang , Pei Yujuan , Zhang Ruyi , Peng Shaoqin , Wang Xinming , Sun Jie , Feng Jiagui , Yang Jingkai , Cao Yanwei 
Published: October 2021

Rare-earth nickelates (such as perovskite RNiO3, trilayer R4Ni3O10, and infinite layer RNiO2) have attracted tremendous interest very recently. However, unlike the widely studied RNiO3 and RNiO2 films, the synthesis of trilayer nickelate R4Ni3O10 films is rarely reported. Here, single-crystalline (Nd0.8Sr0.2)4Ni3O10 epitaxial films were coherently grown on SrTiO3 substrates by high-pressure magnetron sputtering. The crystal and electronic structures of (Nd0.8Sr0.2)4Ni3O10 films with oxygen ligand holes were characterized by high-resolution x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoemission spectroscopy, and resonant soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy. The electrical transport measurements reveal a metal–insulator transition behavior near 82 K and negative magnetoresistance in (Nd0.8Sr0.2)4Ni3O10 films. Our work provides a novel route to synthesize high-quality trilayer nickelate R4Ni3O10 films with RNiO3 targets by high-pressure magnetron sputtering.
Enhanced 850-nm SM VCSEL transmission by favorable chirp interaction with fiber dispersion
Authors: Chen Xin , Li Kangmei , Stone Jeffery S. , Li Ming-Jun 
Published: October 2021

Single-mode (SM) vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs), especially those operating around 850 nm, have been studied intensively in recent years for short distance transmission. Despite the demonstrations of increased data rate and system distance, the impact of frequency chirp that is commonly present in directly modulated lasers is an area that needs more detailed studies for 850 nm VCSEL-based systems. In this paper, we explore the interaction between a laser chirp and fiber chromatic dispersion using an 850-nm SM VCSEL over a standard SM fiber that is two-mode at the operating wavelength. Our transmission experiments show that the system can enjoy a benefit from negative fiber dispersion instead of a penalty compared to the back-to-back case, due to the favorable chirp–dispersion interaction, which is also supported by our system bandwidth measurements. Furthermore, we measure the chirp value of the SM VCSEL and conduct modeling using the time-domain pulse concept to illustrate the impact on the chirp–dispersion interaction and explore the optimal chirp parameters for different transmission data rates. Our study indicates a significant system benefit of using 850-nm SM VCSELs with a high bandwidth single-mode fiber around 850 nm due to the favorable chirp–dispersion interaction. Such a benefit can enable high data rate and longer distance system transmission for modern data center applications.
Epitaxial HfTe2 Dirac semimetal in the 2D limit
Authors: Tsipas Polychronis , Pappas Panagiotis , Symeonidou Evgenia , Fragkos Sotirios , Zacharaki Christina , Xenogiannopoulou Evangelia , Siannas Nikitas , Dimoulas Athanasios 
Published: October 2021

One monolayer semimetallic HfTe2 thin films are grown on three substrates with different electronic properties in order to study the substrate effect on the electronic structure of the HfTe2 epilayer. Angle resolved photoelectron spectroscopy measurements indicate that the band features are identical in all three cases, providing evidence that the HfTe2 epilayer does not interact with any of the substrates to form hybridized bands and any band feature originates from the HfTe2 material itself. However, a shift of HfTe2 energy bands is observed among the three cases, which is attributed to substrate electron doping. This paves the way for accessing the Dirac point of HfTe2 Dirac semimetal, which is located about ∼0.2 to 0.3 eV above the Fermi level in the case of suspended HfTe2 in a non-destructive way.
Deterministic role of fluorine incorporation in the amorphous Zn–O–N semiconductors: First-principles and experimental studies
Authors: Kim Hyoung-Do , Kim Jong Heon , Jang Seong Cheol , Nahm Ho-Hyun , Kim Hyun-Suk 
Published: October 2021

In this work, the effects of F incorporation in a-ZnON are investigated through first-principles calculations and experimental demonstrations. Based on first-principles calculations, the incorporated F in a-ZnON prefers to have structural properties similar to ZnF2 rather than merely serving as a substitute for the anion of ZnON. Therefore, this feature of F not only effectively makes the VN formation difficult but also greatly improves the structural order of Zn–N bonds near F. The experimental results also confirmed that similar to the calculational results, the nonstoichiometric and stoichiometric Zn–N bonds were decreased and increased, respectively, by F incorporation through the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of the N 1s subpeaks. Furthermore, the F-doped zinc oxynitride thin-film transistors exhibited significantly improved transfer characteristics with high field-effect mobility (&gt;50 cm2/Vs). The corresponded theoretical and experimental results demonstrated the role of incorporated F as a carrier controller and a structural stabilizer for ZnON.
Long-term dairy manure application in a no-tillage system: crop yield and soil fertility
Authors: Barth Gabriel , Gotz Lenir Fátima , Favaretto Nerilde , Pauletti Volnei 
Published: October 2021

Dairy activity expansion has resulted in increased manure volume produced, with the main destination application in agricultural areas. Accordingly, the aims of this study were to (i) evaluate the effects of dairy liquid manure (DLM), in addition to mineral fertilisation, on crop yields over a 9-year period and (ii) identify the soil chemical attributes modified by the manure, and which most affect grain yield. The experiment was conducted from 2005 to 2015 in a no-tillage system, in Paraná state, Brazil, in soil with sandy clay loam texture. The treatments consisted of four doses of DLM (0, 60, 120, and 180 m3 ha−1 year−1) in addition to mineral fertiliser (same amount for all treatments). The DLM application increased maize and black oat yield but did not affect soybean and wheat yield. The DLM improved all evaluated soil chemical attributes and, even with application on the soil surface and no soil disturbance, the effect was observed in deeper layers. Maize grain yield was strongly correlated with soil chemical attributes, especially with pH (positive) and potential acidity (negative). The DLM application, in addition to mineral fertilisation, increased grain yield in a rotation system, especially of maize, with the effect mainly attributed to improvement in soil acidity attributes and the effect on nutrient availability. The estimated dose of DLM for maximum maize yield was 150 m3 ha−1 year−1, with 16% increment in grain yield.
Relict inland mangrove ecosystem reveals Last Interglacial sea levels
Authors: Aburto-Oropeza Octavio , Burelo-Ramos Carlos Manuel , Ezcurra Exequiel , Ezcurra Paula , Henriquez Claudia L. , Vanderplank Sula E. , Zapata Felipe 
Published: October 2021

Significance
With geological sea-level fluctuations driven by climate change, the distribution of mangrove forests has expanded and contracted through time. We studied an inland, isolated mangrove forest located 170 km away from the nearest coastline in the interior of the rainforests of the Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico). Combining multiple lines of evidence, we demonstrate that this extant forest is a relict from a past, warmer world when relative sea levels were 6 to 9 m higher than at the present. Our finding highlights the extensive landscape impacts of past climate change on the world’s coastline and opens opportunities to better understand future scenarios of relative sea level rise.
The Ecuadorian Spanish benefactive and its inherent aspect
Authors: González Paz , Bruil Martine 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The Spanish benefactive verbal periphrasis dar ‘give’ + gerund is unique to the Spanish spoken in
Ecuador and it seems to have emerged in the historical Ecuadorian context of multilingualism. The analysis presented sheds light
to the intricacies of the construction, taking into consideration the inherent aspect of the gerundial verb. Oral data was
collected during two months of participant observation in Ecuador. The aspectual theoretical analysis of Verkuyl (1993), González (2003) and González and Verkuyl (2017) is applied to the data in order to determine the inherent aspectual
value of the gerundial verb in the predications. The results show that there is an overwhelming use of terminative predications.
Additionally, some predications that prima facie seem durative can be interpreted as terminative. This finding can be partially
explained by particular linguistic phenomena only appearing in the Spanish in contact with Kichwa. Moreover, this study adds
empirical proof of how relevant discourse is in aspectual representations.
Evolutionary patterns of scale morphology in damselfishes (Pomacentridae)
Authors: Wainwright Dylan K , Karan Elizabeth A , Collar David C 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Fish scales are bony plates embedded in the skin that vary extensively in shape across taxa. Despite a plethora of hypotheses regarding form–function relationships in scales, we know little about the ecological selective factors that shape their diversity. Here we examine evolutionary patterns of scale morphology using novel three-dimensional topography from the surfaces of 59 species of damselfishes, a prominent radiation of coral reef fishes. We find evidence that scale morphology changes with different flow environments, such that species that spend more time in open-water habitats have smoother scales. We also show that other aspects of ecology lead to highly derived scales. For example, anemonefishes show an evolutionary transition to smaller scales and smaller ctenii (scale spines). Moreover, changes in body shape, which may reflect ecological differentiation, are related to scale shape but not surface properties. We also demonstrate weak evolutionary integration among multiple aspects of scale morphology; however, scale size and shape are related, and scale morphology is correlated between different body regions. Finally, we also identify a relationship between aspects of lateral line pore morphology, such that the number of lateral line pores per scale and the size of those pores are inversely related. Overall, our study provides insights into the multidimensionality of scale evolution and improves our understanding of some of the factors that can give rise to the diversity of scales seen across fishes.
A scalable software solution for anonymizing high-dimensional biomedical data
Authors: Meurers Thierry , Bild Raffael , Do Kieu-Mi , Prasser Fabian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Data anonymization is an important building block for ensuring privacy and fosters the reuse of data. However, transforming the data in a way that preserves the privacy of subjects while maintaining a high degree of data quality is challenging and particularly difficult when processing complex datasets that contain a high number of attributes. In this article we present how we extended the open source software ARX to improve its support for high-dimensional, biomedical datasets.

Findings
For improving ARX's capability to find optimal transformations when processing high-dimensional data, we implement 2 novel search algorithms. The first is a greedy top-down approach and is oriented on a formally implemented bottom-up search. The second is based on a genetic algorithm. We evaluated the algorithms with different datasets, transformation methods, and privacy models. The novel algorithms mostly outperformed the previously implemented bottom-up search. In addition, we extended the GUI to provide a high degree of usability and performance when working with high-dimensional datasets.

Conclusion
With our additions we have significantly enhanced ARX's ability to handle high-dimensional data in terms of processing performance as well as usability and thus can further facilitate data sharing.
Risk Factors for COVID-19 Deaths Among Elderly Nursing Home Medicare Beneficiaries in the Prevaccine Period
Authors: Lu Yun , Jiao Yixin , Graham David J , Wu Yue , Wang Jing , Menis Mikhail , Chillarige Yoganand , Wernecke Michael , Kelman Jeffrey , Forshee Richard A , Izurieta Hector S 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe evaluated prevaccine pandemic period COVID-19 death risk factors among nursing home (NH) residents.MethodsIn a retrospective cohort study covering Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries aged ≥65 years residing in US NHs, we estimated adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regressions.ResultsAmong 608251 elderly NH residents, 57398 (9.4%) died of COVID-19–related illness 1 April to 22 December 2020; 46.9% (26893) of these deaths occurred without prior COVID-19 hospitalizations. We observed a consistently increasing age trend for COVID-19 deaths. Racial/ethnic minorities shared similarly high risk of NH COVID-19 deaths with whites. NH facility characteristics for-profit ownership and low health inspection ratings were associated with higher death risk. Resident characteristics (male [HR, 1.69], end-stage renal disease [HR, 1.42], cognitive impairment [HR, 1.34], and immunocompromised status [HR, 1.20]) were death risk factors. Other individual-level characteristics were less predictive of death than in community-dwelling population.ConclusionsLow NH health inspection ratings and private ownership contributed to COVID-19 death risks. Nearly half of NH COVID-19 deaths occurred without prior COVID-19 hospitalization and older residents were less likely to get hospitalized with COVID-19. No substantial differences were observed by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status for NH COVID-19 deaths.