bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sports Injuries Patterns In Children And Adolescents According To Their Sports Participation Level, Age And Maturation
Authors: Silva Lara Costa e , Teles Júlia , Fragoso¹ Isabel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Growth can make young athletes more vulnerable to sports injuries. Increased knowledge about injury profile and its predictors, is an important part of an overall risk management strategy but few studies have produced information. Methods: Injury profile and physical activity (PA) level information’s were obtained by LESADO and RAPIL II questionnaires. They were distributed to 651 participants aged between 10 and 18 years attending four schools. Maturity measures were evaluated through maturity offset (MO) and Tanner-Whitehouse III method. Univariate analysis was used to identify the set of candidate predictors for multinomial logistic regression analysis that was used to determine significant predictors of injury type and body area injury location.Results: Regarding injury type predictors recreative boys had more chances of having a sprain or a fracture than a strain. Also, recreative and scholar girls had more chances of having a sprain than a strain. As MO decreased, the chances of girls having a strain or a fracture when compared to sprains were higher. For body area location boys with 10-11 years were more likely to have upper limbs injuries than boys of other ages. This was also confirmed by MO. Spine and trunk injuries were more likely to occur in federate and no sports participation girls. Conclusion: Injury type and body area injury location differed significantly by PA level, age group and MO.
Performance And Exhaust Emission Characteristics Investigation of Compression Ignition Engine Fuelled With Microalgae Biodiesel And Its Diesel Blends
Authors: Kale Bhojraj , Patle Sewan Das , Khawale Vijay , Lutade Sandeep 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Biofuels extracted from plant biomass can be used as fuel in CI engines to lower a hazardous atmospheric pollutant and mitigate climate risks. Furthermore, its implementation is hampered by inevitable obstacles such as feed stocks and the crop area required for their cultivation, leading to a lack of agricultural land for the expansion of food yields. Despite this, microalgae have been discovered to be the most competent and unwavering source of biodiesel due to their distinguishing characteristics of being non-eatable and requiring no cropland for cultivation. The objectives of this paper was to look into the potential of a novel, formerly underappreciated biodiesel from microalgae species which could be used as a fuel substitute. Transesterification is being used to extract the biodiesel. Microalgae are blended with petroleum diesel in percentage to create Microalgae Blends (MAB) as needed for experimentation. The impact of biodiesel on performance as well as exhaust emission attributes of a 1-cylinder diesel engine was experimentally studied. Compared to petroleum diesel, different blend of Microalgae biodiesel showed a decline in torque and hence brake power, resulting in an average fall of 7.14 percent in brake thermal efficiency and 11.54 percent increase in brake specific fuel consumption. There were wide differences in exhaust emission characteristics, including carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon, as the blend ratio in diesel increased. Moreover, nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxides increase in all algae biodiesel blends, but they're still within the acceptable range of petroleum diesel.
MicroRNA-140-5p Suppresses The PD-L1 Level In Exosomes Derived From Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells, Thereby Attenuating The Chemoresistance, Autophagy And Stemness Induced By Sorafenib In Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Ligang , Wang Lishan , Yang Yang , Hu Fangfang , Yu Zeqian , Zhou Jiahua 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Sorafenib (SO), inhibitor of receptor tyrosine kinase, possesses anti-tumor ability in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by anti-angiogenic effects. However, patients with advanced HCC are resistant to SO. Dysregulated micro-RNA (miRNA) has been shown to be associated with the drug resistance of tumors. Little is known about the effect of miRNA-140-5p on SO-resistance of HCC.Methods: The human HCC cell line Hep3B and Huh-7 were used in this study. The miRNA microarray was used to sequence the transcripts of SO-chemoresistance HCC tissues and SO-chemosensitive tissues. Then, the HCC tissue chip in the GEO database was also analyzed to screen the target gene. Flow cytometry, in situ hybridisation (ISH), immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western blot, cell proliferation assay, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), real-time PCR analyses (qRT-PCR), and pull-down assay were used to explore the effects of miRNA-140-5p and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) on the chemoresistance, autophagy, and stemness of SO-resistant HCC cells treated with SO. In vivo, the SO-resistant HCC cell lines treated with miRNA-140-5p overexpression were injected subcutaneously into mice to construct HCC subcutaneous xenograft tumor models.Results: Based on miRNA microarray, GEO database, and bioinformatics analysis, it was found that miRNA-140-5p and PD-L1 are the core molecules in the SO resistance regulatory network in HCC, and lower miRNA-140-5p and higher PD-L1 expression levels were observed in SO-resistant HCC tissues and cells. IHC results showed that compared with HCC tissues with high miRNA-140-5p expression, PD-L1 protein expression levels in HCC tissues with low miRNA-140-5p was significantly higher (P<0.01). Moreover, compared with SO-sensitive tissues, the levels of PD-L1 protein expression in SO-resistance tissues were significantly higher (P<0.01). In in vitro and in vivo experiments, the introduction of miRNA-140-5p can decreased PD-L1 expression. Mechanically, we found that the Hep3B/SO and Huh-7/SO cells pretreated with miRNA-140-5p inhibitor or exosomes containing PD-L1 have higher autophagy activity, higher stemness, and lower apoptosis rate, which could be abrogated by co-treating cells with anti-PD-L1 antibody or miRNA-140-5p mimic. Conclusions: MiRNA-140-5p can suppress the PD-L1 expression in HCC cells-derived exosomes, thereby attenuating the chemoresistance, autophagy and stemness induced by SO in HCC.
Spatio-temporal Variability and Trends of Mean and Extreme Rainfall Events in the Sudano-sahelian Region of Cameroon
Authors: NJOUENWET Ibrahim , Tchotchou Lucie A. Djiotang , Ayugi Brian Odhiambo , Guenang Guy Merlin , Vondou Derbetini A. , Nouayou Robert 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The Sudano-Sahelian region of Cameroon is mainly drained by the Benue, Chari and Logone rivers, which are very useful for water resources, especially for irrigation, hydropower generation, and navigation. Long-term changes in mean and extreme rainfall events in the region may be of crucial importance in understanding the impact of climate change. Daily and monthly rainfall data from twenty-five synoptic stations in the study area from 1980 to 2019 and extreme indices from the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI) measurements were estimated using the non-parametric Modified Mann-Kendall test and the Sen slope estimator. The precipitation concentration index (PCI), the precipitation concentration degree (PCD), and the precipitation concentration period (PCP) were used to explore the spatio-temporal variations in the characteristics of rainfall concentrations. An increase in extreme rainfall events was observed, leading to an upward trend in mean annual. Trends in consecutive dry days (CDD) are significantly increasing in most parts of the study area. This could mean that the prevalence of drought risk is higher in the study area. Overall, the increase in annual rainfall could benefit the hydro-power sector, agricultural irrigation, the availability of potable water sources, and food security.
Carlituculin and JAK2 Exon 12 Mutation Screening in Patients with Myeloproliferative Neoplasm’s in Jeddah Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alkhatabi Heba , Abdulqayoom Heyam , Alserihi Raed , Felimban Raed , Elaimi Aisha , Allala Zinab , Magboli Afaf , Bahashwan Salem , Alsalmi Hashem , Shihah Abdulelah , Abuzenadah Adel , Yasin Elrashed B. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
PurposeThe JAK2V617F mutation’s discovery has largely facilitated the comprehension of the myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) pathogenesis. In recent times, calreticulin (CALR) mutations have been detected in patients with negative MPNs for JAK2V617F. The CALR gene mutations have been reported in patients with negative JAK2V617F, primary myelofibrosis (PMF), and essential thrombocythemia (ET). This study analyzed the impact of JAK2 Exon 12 and CALR common mutations on MPN patients from the Jeddah region.MethodsAn allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used to screen four common mutations on Exon 12. Consequently, the results showed that none of the patients were positive for the Exon 12 mutation. Direct sequencing and PCR analysis were utilized to screen all patients for CALR. Results The impact of CALR and JAK2 Exon 12 in 65 patients with a variety of MPN symptoms was investigated. This study included patients who had negative results, when previously screened for JAK2V617F. CALR mutations were identified in eight patients out of 65 JAK2V617F and JAK2 Exon 12 negative patients in this study’s cohort. Conclusions This is the first Saudi Arabian research that focused on screening CALR hotspot mutations, and this mutation exists. This fact highlights the importance of implementing diagnostic screening of CALR on MPN patients, in general, and patients with high platelet count, in particular. In addition, further screening of other predisposing genetic markers might facilitate the identification of an important genetic variant, which could aid in the understanding of disease pathogenesis.
Physical Exercise Rehabilitation System Based on Internet of Things and Big Data Technology
Authors: Zhao Nana , Yan Yinzhong , Han Xiao , Zhang Gaofei , Chen Long 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
With the combination of big data technology and the Internet of Things and exercise rehabilitation, we are also facing the problem of processing massive amounts of data. Whether these data can be used well has become the key to obtaining good business benefits and improving user experience. This paper applies the Internet of Things and big data technology to the physical exercise rehabilitation system to improve the sports data processing and combine with the big data processing technology to explore the factors affecting the effect of exercise rehabilitation to improve the effect of physical exercise rehabilitation. Moreover, this paper proposes a posture recognition algorithm based on human vision, and defines the human posture described by the feature, which improves the classifier's ability to classify different posture data. Finally, this paper combines experimental analysis to verify the effect of the method in this paper. From the research results, it can be seen that the method constructed in this paper has a good rehabilitation effect of physical exercise.
Therapeutic Effect of Local Injection of VX765 Sodium Alginate Nanogel on Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Tian Qingxin , Liu Jianlong , Chen Qin , Zhang Mingxiao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objectives: To determine the effect of polyethyleneimine/sodium alginate composite nano-gel (AG/PEI-VX765NGs) coated with VX765 on cardiac function in rats with myocardial infarction (MI). Methods: VX765-polyethyleneimine nano-microspheres (PEI-VX765 NP) were encapsulated by sodium alginate (AG) nanogel (NGs) to construct AG/PEI-VX765 NGs. The morphological observation was performed under scanning electron microscope (SEM). The viability was evaluated by using CCK-8 assay in vitro. Then, 24 male SPF Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: Sham, MI, PEI-VX765NP, and AG/PEI-VX765NGs. After 28 days, rats in each group were subjected to assessment of cardiac function by echocardiography. The myocardial infarct size was evaluated by TTC test, and the differences in cardiac fibrosis and cardiomyocyte apoptosis between groups were analyzed by histological methods. Results: The prepared NGs shows a porous structure, while PEI-VX765 NP is uniformly distributed in the AG NGs samples. AG/PEI-VX765 NGs with a concentration of VX765 (range: 0-1000 μM) displayed no significant toxicity to cells. Meanwhile, we observed a relatively more persistent release of VX765 from AG/PEI-VX765 NGs compared with PEI-VX765. LVIDs and LVIDd in both PEI-VX765 and AG/PEI-VX765NGs groups were significantly smaller than those in MI group, while ejection fraction (EF) and short-axis shortening rate (FS) were markedly increased in the above-mentioned two groups. Compared with MI group, PEI-VX765 and AG/PEI-VX765NGs groups exhibited a significant reduction in the infarct size, degree of fibrosis, and the rate of TUNEL positive cells. Conclusion: AG/PEI-VX765NGs can significantly improve the cardiac function of rats with MI.
The Interactions of Small Proline-rich Proteins With Late Cornified Envelope Proteins Are Involved in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis
Authors: Tian Siyu , Chen Shuming , Feng Yongyi , Li Yong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Psoriasis is a common cutaneous disease with many characteristics including inflammation and aberrant keratinocyte proliferation. However, the pathogenesis of psoriasis is not completely clear. Methods: We explore the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in psoriasis by analyzing the gene expression profile obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The DEGs were examined by gene ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interactions (PPI) network. Correlation analysis in R studio software analyzed the association of SPRR and LCE genes. The potential direct protein-protein interactions between SPRR proteins and LCE3D was further verified by co-localization observed in 293T cells and co-immunoprecipitation (CO-IP). The expression levels of SPRR and LCE genes were detected in the IMQ-induced psoriasiform dermatitis mice. Results: The small proline-rich (SPRR) and late cornified envelope (LCE) genes were identified as a module in constructed PPI network. The gene expression profile GSE63684 analysis showed that both SPRR family and LCE family genes were significantly upregulated in imiquimod (IMQ) induced psoriasiform dermatitis mice. Correlation analysis in R studio software recognized the association of SPRR and LCE genes, in which the potential direct protein-protein interactions between SPRR proteins and LCE3D was further verified by co-localization observed in 293T cells and co-immunoprecipitation (CO-IP) results that suggest direct interaction between SPRR2 and LCE3D. Notably, we found that the expression levels of SPRR and LCE genes were significantly increased in the IMQ-induced psoriasiform dermatitis mice while tazarotene cream treatment specifically decreased the mRNA expression of these genes, which indicated that the SPRR and LCEs were regulated simultaneously in psoriasis. Conclusion: Our studies found the interactions of SPRR proteins with LCE proteins, which may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
Discovery of Allopregnanolone Against Influenza Virus With Broad Spectrum in Vitro
Authors: Wang yuqi , Wang Yanyan , Cao Hong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Influenza virus infection with seasonal or occasional but devastating morbidity and mortality, is a severe threat to public health. The frequent emergence of resistant viral strains limited application of current antivirals and posing an urgent need for novel antiviral therapies. Natural products offered a broad prospect in the screening and development of new influenza inhibitors.Methods: In this research, a high-throughput antiviral screening for 891 natural products was performed based on a recombinant reporter influenza A virus. According to the cytotoxicity assay and dose-response relationship, alloprogesterone (ALLO), as the positive hit was selected, and verified by viral titer reduction assay and immunofluorescence using a wild-type virus. Followingly, we explored its antiviral potency of counteracting with IAV and IBV, and preliminary investigated the mechanism of ALLO through time-of-addition assay and mini-replicon system.Results: Under the criteria of 80% inhibition and 70% cell viability, ALLO was screened out and confirmed antiviral activity in varied cells. The inhibitory effect of ALLO against influenza virus with a dose-dependent manner and significantly reduced viral yield of five different influenza viruses in the presence of 40 µM ALLO, including oseltamivir-resistant virus. Moreover, ALLO exhibited no influence on IAV entry or release during the viral replication cycle, but obviously interfered with the genome replication regarding post-infection 2 hrs to 6 hrs, which is consistent with the evidence of decreased polymerase activity.Conclusions: In summary, we firstly identified a new pharmacological activity of ALLO, as a broad spectrum inhibitor for treatment influenza infections, targeting viral replication stage and possessing great value of further development.
Structure Formation Processes and Green Ceramics Manufacturing from Hazardous Bauxite Red Mud and Ferrous Slag
Authors: Mymrin Vsevolod , Alekseev Kirill , Klitzke Walderson , Avanci Monica A. , Rolim Paulo H.B. , Magalhaes Washington , Silva Patricia R. , Carvalho Karina Q. , Catai Rodrigo E. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper reports the development and characterization of some new ceramic materials from hazardous bauxite red mud (50 to 100 wt.%) and blast furnace slag (10 and 50%). This research aimed to demonstrate the possibility of expanding the raw material base for ceramics production, completely replacing the traditional natural raw materials (clay and sand) by hazardous industrial wastes composites with increasing local and global sustainability. Studies on the physicochemical processes of the ceramic structure’s formation were conducted by the XRF, XRD, AAS, SEM with EDS, and LAMMA methods. Changes in flexural strength, linear shrinkage, water absorption, and density were determined during the sintering process at 1000°, 1050°, 1100°, 1150°, 1200°, and 1225°C. The ceramics` flexural strength after sintering at 1225°C reached 19.78 MPa due to the syntheses of the mainly glass-like structure formation, confirmed by SEM, EDS and isotopes LAMMA methods with the complete binding of the heavy metals.
The Role of Histology on the Outcome of Sinonasal Carcinomas Treated With Radiation Therapy; a Single Institution Experience
Authors: Ghalehtaki Reza , Taherioun Maryam , razmkhah Mahdieh , Shirkhoda Mohammad , Jalaeefar Amirmohsen , Garajei Ata , Jafari Mehrdad , heidari farrokh , Aghili Mahdi , Kazemian Ali 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Malignant epithelial sinonasal tumors are a rare group of head and neck cancers with various histological subtypes that can affect the treatment outcomes in the locally advanced tumors.Our aim was to investigate the relationship between oncological outcomes and histological type in sinonasal carcinomas.Material and Method: In this retrospective cohort study we retrieved patients’ information from medical archives. Most of patients underwent surgery and all received radiation as indicated, some patients received chemotherapy. We evaluated 3-year overall survival (OS),distant metastases and local recurrence according to histological type.Results: We studied 28 patients between 2011-2016. Most of them were male. Squamouse cell carcinoma (SCC) was found in 15 (53.5%), Adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) in 8 (28.5%), and Adenocarcinoma (AC) in 5 (18%) patients. The highest rate of metastasis was observed in AC. Three-year OS were 48%, 50% and 73% in SCC, AC and AdCC respectively.Conclusion: The type of histology affects the oncological outcomes and this relationship can dictate the treatment modality to choose when dealing with malignant sinonasal tumors.
The First Case of Leucopenia Campylobacter Jejuni Infection in Hepatitis B Cirrhosis with Bacteremia and Peritonitis in Asia
Authors: jiatong Chai , Sun Zeyu , Wang Yiting , Yang Chun , Xu Jiancheng 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Backgroud: Bacteremia and peritonitis caused by Campylobacter jejuni are rarely found in hepatitis B cirrhotic patients, and leukopenia rarely occurs in cases of bacterial infection. Hence, more cases should be shared to improve antibiotic treatment strategies and avoid missed diagnosis in clinical practice. Case presentation: This report shared a case of Campylobacter jejuni infection in hepatitis B cirrhosis with leukopenia that has never been reported in Asia. A 59-year-old with occult hepatitis B cirrhosis was hospitalized due to persistent mild fever and obvious abdominal distention. The patient was diagnosed with bacteremia and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and was discharged after treatment with Cefminox Sodium and CefepiMe Hydrochlorid. Conclusion: Parenteral infection with Campylobacter jejuni is more common in patients with decreased immune function. Bacterial infection concealed by leucopenia should be considered to avoid delaying treatment in patients with low immune function.
A Study on the Development and Application of Patellofemoral Joint Radiography Auxiliary Device for Tangential Axial Radiography of the Patellar and Patellofemoral Joints
Authors: Rhee Do-Byung , Kim Hee-June , Kwon Deok-Mun , Kim Jung-Su , Choi Hyun-Woo , Kim Jong-Ki 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study evaluated the accuracy of tangential axial radiography of the patellofemoral joints using an auxiliary device, which we named patellofemoral joint radiography (PJR). To compare the PJR and conventional radiography methods such as the Laurin, Merchant, and Settegast, the images taken by three methods were evaluated using a whole body phantom (PBU-31). Settegast was the radiographic method that had the smallest inclination of the patella and showed the best half lateral image of the patella, with a difference of 5.76% when compared with PJR (p = 0.001). PJR was the method that had the largest distance between the patellar and femoral joint spaces, with a difference of 14.54% when compared with the Merchant method (p = 0.001). PJR was the method in which the two bones were well overlapped (i.e., measured by the distance between the femoral trochlear groove and the tibial tuberosity), with a difference of 109.41% when compared with the Merchant method (p = 0.001). The Settegast method has the image with the smallest inclination of the patella, but the PJR has the image that best describes the patellofemoral joint and the least distortion of the image. when using PJR, bending the knee by 40° degree and setting a 140° angle between the long axis of the femur and the long axis of the lower leg were considered to be the most beneficial conditions. We propose the use of PJR for tangential axial radiography of the patellar and patellofemoral joints.