bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fighting against sudden cardiac death: need for a paradigm shift—Adding near-term prevention and pre-emptive action to long-term prevention
Authors: Marijon Eloi , Garcia Rodrigue , Narayanan Kumar , Karam Nicole , Jouven Xavier 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
More than 40 years after the first implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implantation, sudden cardiac death (SCD) still accounts for more than five million deaths worldwide every year. Huge efforts in the field notwithstanding, it is now increasingly evident that the current strategy of long-term prevention based on left ventricular ejection fraction as the key selection criterion is actually of very limited impact, also because the largest absolute numbers of SCD are encountered in the general population not known to be at risk. It has been recently reemphasized that SCD is often not so sudden, with almost half of the victims experiencing typical warning symptoms preceding the event. Importantly, heeded and prompt medical attention can dramatically improve survival. Essentially, such timely action increases the chances of the SCD event being witnessed by emergency medical services and provides the opportunity for early intervention. In addition, newer technologies incorporating digital data acquisition, transfer between interconnected devices, and artificial intelligence, should allow dynamic, real-time monitoring of diverse parameters and therefore better identification of subjects at short-term SCD risk. Along with warning symptoms, these developments allow a new approach of near-term prevention based on the hours and minutes preceding SCD. In the present review, we challenge the current paradigm of mid- and long-term prevention using ICD in patients at the highest risk of SCD, and introduce a complementary concept applicable to the entire population that would aim to pre-empt SCD by timely detection and intervention within the minutes or hours prior to the event.
Relationship between physical capacity and depression in heart failure patients undergoing hybrid comprehensive telerehabilitation vs. usual care: subanalysis from the TELEREH-HF Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Piotrowicz Ewa , Mierzyńska Anna , Jaworska Izabela , Opolski Grzegorz , Banach Maciej , Zaręba Wojciech , Kowalik Ilona , Pencina Michael , Orzechowski Piotr , Szalewska Dominika , Pluta Sławomir , Glowczynska Renata , Kalarus Zbigniew , Irzmanski Robert , Piotrowicz Ryszard 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Aims
The hybrid comprehensive telerehabilitation (HCTR) consisting of telecare (with psychological telesupport), telerehabilitation, and remote monitoring of cardiovascular implantable electronic devices might be an option to improve both physical capacity and depressive symptoms. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of HCTR on depressive symptoms and physical capacity in heart failure (HF) patients in comparison with usual care (UC).

Methods and results
The present analysis formed part of a multicentre, randomized trial that enrolled 850 HF patients (New York Heart Association I–III, left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 40%). Patients were randomized 1:1 to HCTR or UC. Patients underwent an HCTR programme (1 week in hospital and 8 weeks at home; exercise training 5 times weekly) or UC with observation. The Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) score (cut point for depression ≥ 14) was used to assess depression and the physical capacity was measured by peak oxygen consumption (peak VO2; mL/kg/min). Measurements were made before and after 9-week intervention/observation (HCTR/UC group). Both groups were comparable in terms of demographic and clinical characteristics. In HCTR group, at entry, 23% of the sample obtained BDI-II scores ≥14 vs. 27.5% in UC group. There were no significant differences between groups regarding ΔBDI-II score (P = 0.992) after 9-week HCTR/UC. There was a significant improvement in physical capacity only in the HCTR group in both patients with (P = 0.033) and without (P &lt; 0.001) depression.

Conclusions
In HF patients, HCTR provided similar reduction of depressive symptoms as UC. HCTR resulted in a significant improvement in physical capacity in patients with and without depression.
Patient feedback and evaluation measures of a physical activity initiative: Exercise is Medicine program
Authors: De Guzman Kimberly R , Pratt Michael , Hwang Andrea , Linke Sarah E 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundNearly half of American adults fail to meet national guidelines for physical activity (PA). As a major contributor to the development of preventable chronic diseases, insufficient PA is an important target for health behaviour interventions. Exercise is Medicine (EIM) aims to increase PA levels among primary care patients through routine PA evaluation, prescription, brief counselling, and referral to community resources. PA is treated as a vital sign with the goal of increasing PA levels in prescribed manageable doses. EIM is currently being implemented in UC San Diego Health System’s primary care clinics.Objective(i) To collect and summarize patient perceptions of EIM and its components. (ii) To identify discrepancies between patient-reported feedback and primary care provider (PCP) documentation in corresponding visit notes in the electronic medical record (EMR).MethodsPatient recall of EIM components was measured using a 10-item survey distributed via MyChart. PCP documentation of EIM was tracked in the EMR system.ResultsPatient feedback (n = 316) about EIM components was positive and reinforced patients’ confidence in their ability to increase PA. Approximately 70% of patients reported having a PA discussion with their PCP at their most recent visit, but only approximately 21% of these discussions were documented by PCPs using the preprogrammed smartphrase in the EMR.ConclusionOverall, patients reported positive perceptions of EIM. While patient perceptions of EIM suggested that PA discussions with PCPs are happening during the majority of visits, PCP documentation fell behind. Documentation via smartphrase may need to be modified for physicians to use.
Behaviour change for type 2 diabetes: perspectives of general practitioners, primary care academics, and behaviour change experts on the use of the 5As framework
Authors: Sturgiss Elizabeth , Advocat Jenny , Ball Lauren , Williams Lauren T , Prathivadi Pallavi , Clark Alexander M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
The 5As framework is a recognized underpinning of behaviour change guidelines, teaching, and research in primary care. Supporting patients to improve their lifestyle behaviours, including diet and physical activity, is a common aspect of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) management. The 5As framework often informs behaviour change for patients with T2DM.

Objective
To explore the experience and perspectives of general practitioners (GPs) and primary care academics and behaviour change experts regarding using the 5As framework when caring for patients with T2DM to better understand how and why the 5As are effective in practice.

Methods
We recruited 20 practising GPs, primary care academics, and behaviour change experts for an individual semistructured interview and analysed the data using a realist evaluation approach.

Results
There were diverse accounts of how GPs use the 5As in practice and few of the participants could name each “A.” The 5As were commonly regarded as a framework best suited to beginners and although GPs expressed they followed the broad direction of the 5As, they did not consciously follow the framework in an instructive manner. Elements that could enhance the 5As included more emphasis on motivational interviewing, changing how “Ask” is included in the consultation, and increased person-centredness.

Conclusion
Although it is a ubiquitous framework in primary care, the 5As are understood in diverse ways and applied variably in practice. There is room to enhance how the 5As support behaviour change consultations to optimize outcomes in primary care.
Assembly and potential transmission of the Lens culinaris seed microbiome
Authors: Morales Moreira Zayda P , Helgason Bobbi L , Germida James J 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Soil is an important source of bacteria and fungi for the plant, but seeds can also provide microbial inocula through heritable or stochastic assembly. Seed-associated microbial communities can potentially interact with the host plant through multiple generations. Here, we assessed the impact of two different soil types on the seed microbiome assembly of seven lentil (Lens culinaris) genotypes under environmentally controlled conditions and examined the vertical transmission of bacterial communities from seed to seed across two generations. Bulk soil microbiomes and seed microbiomes were characterized using high-throughput amplicon sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Our results revealed that bacterial communities in the two soils differed significantly and that bacterial communities associated with seeds were significantly impacted by genotype (15%) in one of the soils. Co-occurrence of amplicon sequence variants between generations suggests that members of the genera Cutibacterium, Methylobacterium, Sphingomonas, Streptococcus and Tepidimonas are transmitted and preserved in lentil genotypes irrespective of the soil in which they were grown. Increasing our knowledge of how microbial communities carried by seeds are assembled, transmitted and preserved offers a promising way for future breeding programs to consider microbial communities when selecting for more resilient and productive cultivars.
Individual, household, and community-level predictors of modern contraceptive use among married women in Cameroon: a multilevel analysis
Authors: Zegeye Betregiorgis , Idriss-Wheeler Dina , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Ameyaw Edward Kwabena , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Keetile Mpho , Yaya Sanni 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundUnintended pregnancy remains a major public health and socio-economic problem in sub-Saharan African countries, including Cameroon. Modern contraceptive use can avert unintended pregnancy and its related problems. In Cameroon, the prevalence of modern contraceptive use is low. Therefore, this study investigated the individual/household and community-level predictors for modern contraceptive use among married women in Cameroon.MethodsData for this study were derived from the nationally representative 2018–2019 Cameroon Demographic and Health Survey. Analysis was done on 6080 married women in the reproductive age group (15–49 y) using Stata version 14 software. Pearson χ2 test and multilevel logistic regression analysis were conducted to examine the individual/household and community-level predictors of modern contraceptive use. Descriptive results were presented using frequencies and bar charts. Inferential results were presented using adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsThe results show only 18.3% (95% CI 16.8 to 19.8) of married women in Cameroon use modern contraceptives. Women's age (45–49 y; aOR 0.22 [95% CI 0.12 to 0.39]), education level (secondary education; aOR 2.93 [95% CI 1.90 to 4.50]), occupation (skilled manual; aOR 1.46 [95% CI 1.01 to 2.11]), religion (Muslim; aOR 0.63 [95% CI 0.47 to 0.84]), wealth quintile (richest; aOR 2.22 [95% CI 1.35 to 3.64]) and parity (≥5; aOR 3.59 [95% CI 2.61 to 4.94]) were significant individual/household-level predictors. Region (East; aOR 3.63 [95% CI 1.97 to 6.68]) was identified as a community-level predictor.ConclusionsModern contraceptive use among married women in Cameroon is low. Women's education and employment opportunities should be prioritized, as well as interventions for married women, ensuring equity in the utilization of modern contraceptives across regions.
Safety, antiviral activity and pharmacokinetics of JNJ-64530440, a novel capsid assembly modulator, as 4 week monotherapy in treatment-naive patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Gane Ed J. , Schwabe Christian , Berliba Elina , Tangkijvanich Pisit , Jucov Alina , Ghicavii Nelea , Verbinnen Thierry , Lenz Oliver , Talloen Willem , Kakuda Thomas N. , Westland Chris , Patel Megha , Yogaratnam Jeysen Z. , Dragone Leonard , Van Remoortere Pieter 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
We investigated JNJ-64530440 (a hepatitis B virus capsid assembly modulator) safety, antiviral activity and pharmacokinetics in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) (Phase 1b, NCT03439488).

Methods
Twenty treatment-naive, HBeAg-positive or -negative CHB patients were randomized 4‍:‍1 to JNJ-64530440 750 mg once or twice daily, or placebo for 28 days.

Results
All patients (mean age 43.8 years; 85% male; 70% White; 20% HBeAg positive) completed dosing/28 day follow-up. Mild-to-moderate treatment-emergent adverse events occurred in 3/4 (placebo), 6/8 (once-daily) and 4/8 (twice-daily) patients; mostly fatigue, increased alanine aminotransferase, decreased neutrophil count, and headache. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA was substantially reduced; mean (range) changes from baseline at day 29 were: −3.2 (−2.4 to −3.9) (once-daily) and −3.3 (−2.6 to −4.1) (twice-daily) log10 IU/mL; placebo 0.1 (0.7 to −0.6) log10 IU/mL. HBV DNA levels were below the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) in 5/8 (once-daily) and 3/8 (twice-daily) patients. For patients with detectable baseline HBV RNA, mean (SE) changes versus baseline in HBV RNA at day 29 were: −2.65 (0.81) (once-daily) and −2.94 (0.33) (twice-daily) log10 copies/mL. HBV RNA levels were ‘target not detected’ in 4/6 (once-daily) and 3/7 (twice-daily) patients. JNJ-64530440 pharmacokinetics in CHB patients were comparable with those in healthy volunteers.

Conclusions
JNJ-64530440 750 mg once-daily or twice-daily for 28 days was well tolerated and achieved potent antiviral activity in CHB patients.
Activity of cefepime/taniborbactam and comparators against whole genome sequenced ertapenem-non-susceptible Enterobacterales clinical isolates: CANWARD 2007–19
Authors: Golden Alyssa R. , Baxter Melanie R. , Karlowsky James A. , Mataseje Laura , Mulvey Michael R. , Walkty Andrew , Bay Denice , Schweizer Frank , Lagace-Wiens Philippe R. S. , Adam Heather J. , Zhanel George G. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
This study assessed in vitro activities of cefepime/taniborbactam and comparator antimicrobial agents against ertapenem-non-susceptible Enterobacterales (ENSE) clinical isolates collected from the CANWARD study 2007–19, and associations between MIC and various mechanisms of β-lactam resistance identified using WGS.

Methods
A total of 179 ENSE (MIC ≥ 1 mg/L) isolates underwent susceptibility testing using reference CLSI broth microdilution. WGS was performed using the Illumina NextSeq platform. Carbapenemases, ESBLs and other β-lactamases were identified using ResFinder 4.0. Alterations in ompC/F and ftsI (PBP3) were identified by comparing extracted sequences to the appropriate NCBI reference gene. Porin alterations were analysed with Provean v1.1.3. Specific alterations of interest in PBP3 included a YRIN or YRIK insertion after P333.

Results
Cefepime/taniborbactam was highly active (MIC50/MIC90, 0.5/2 mg/L; 177/179 isolates inhibited at ≤ 8 mg/L) against ENSE with various antimicrobial resistance phenotypes. Thirteen (7.3%) of the 179 ENSE isolates demonstrated cefepime/taniborbactam MIC values ≥ 4 mg/L and possessed combinations of β-lactam resistance mechanisms, including a carbapenemase and/or ESBL and/or other β-lactamase genes, as well as alterations in OmpC and/or OmpF and/or PBP3. Of the two Escherichia coli isolates that demonstrated a cefepime/taniborbactam MIC of 32 mg/L, one possessed NDM-5, OXA-181 and TEM-1B, an OmpC alteration and P333_Y334insYRIN in PBP3, while the second contained CTX-M-71, a truncated OmpF and a large alteration in OmpC (F182_R195delinsMTTNGRDDVFE).

Conclusions
Cefepime/taniborbactam was highly active against ENSE with various antimicrobial resistance phenotypes/genotypes. ENSE isolates with cefepime/taniborbactam MIC values ≥ 4 mg/L possessed combinations of β-lactam resistance mechanisms, including β-lactamase genes, as well as alterations in OmpC and/or OmpF and/or PBP3.
Expression Modalities: How Speaking Versus Writing Shapes Word of Mouth
Authors: Berger Jonah , Rocklage Matthew D , Packard Grant 
Published: December 2021

AbstractConsumers often communicate their attitudes and opinions with others, and such word of mouth has an important impact on what others think, buy, and do. But might the way consumers communicate their attitudes (i.e., through speaking or writing) shape the attitudes they express? And, as a result, the impact of what they share? While a great deal of research has begun to examine drivers of word of mouth, there has been less attention to how communication modality might shape sharing. Six studies, conducted in the laboratory and field, demonstrate that compared to speaking, writing leads consumers to express less emotional attitudes. The effect is driven by deliberation. Writing offers more time to deliberate about what to say, which reduces emotionality. The studies also demonstrate a downstream consequence of this effect: by shaping the attitudes expressed, the modality consumers communicate through can influence the impact of their communication. This work sheds light on word of mouth, effects of communication modality, and the role of language in communication.
Felix Bamberg (1820–1893), a scholar and collector between Prussia, France, Italy and Romania
Authors: Gerard Powell Véronique 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Born in Prussia to a Jewish family, Felix Bamberg (1820–1893) is known principally as the man who sold his collection of Old Masters to King Carol I of Romania (1839–1914), now mostly in the National Museum of Art of Romania in Bucharest. The first aim of this article is to provide a more accurate portrait of this cultured man, who moved to France in the early 1840s and whose main career as a German consul, disrupted by the Franco-Prussian War, was spent between Paris, Messina and Genoa. The second is to study how and why, from 1867 onwards, starting in the Parisian auction rooms and finishing with Italian private collections, he gathered an impressive collection of Old Masters, particularly from the Spanish and Northern schools. Finally, as far as possible, the reasons for the sale of his collection to Carol I between 1879 and 1890 and the terms they agreed are investigated.
flash-light on the ring: hydrodynamic simulations of expanding supernova shells near supermassive black holes
Authors: Barna B , Palouš J , Ehlerová S , Wünsch R , Morris M R , Vermot P 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
The way supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in Galactic Centres (GCs) accumulate their mass is not completely determined. At large scales, it is governed by galactic encounters, mass inflows connected to spirals arms and bars, or due to expanding shells from supernova (SN) explosions in the central parts of galaxies. The investigation of the latter process requires an extensive set of gas dynamical simulations to explore the multidimensional parameter space needed to frame the phenomenon. The aims of this paper are to extend our investigation of the importance of SNe for inducing accretion on to an SMBH and carry out a comparison between the fully hydrodynamic code flash and the much less computationally intensive code ring, which uses the thin shell approximation. We simulate 3D expanding shells in a gravitational potential similar to that of the GC with a variety of homogeneous and turbulent environments. In homogeneous media, we find convincing agreement between flash and ring in the shapes of shells and their equivalent radii throughout their whole evolution until they become subsonic. In highly inhomogeneous, turbulent media, there is also a good agreement of shapes and sizes of shells, and of the times of their first contact with the central 1-pc sphere, where we assume that they join the accretion flow. The comparison supports the proposition that an SN occurring at a galactocentric distance of 5 pc typically drives 1–3 M⊙ into the central 1 pc around the GC.
Dark-ages reionization and galaxy formation simulation XX. The Ly α IGM transmission properties and environment of bright galaxies during the epoch of reionization
Authors: Qin Yuxiang , Wyithe J Stuart B , Oesch Pascal A , Illingworth Garth D , Leonova Ecaterina , Mutch Simon J , Naidu Rohan P 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
The highly neutral intergalactic medium (IGM) during the epoch of reionization (EoR) is expected to suppress Ly α emission with damping-wing absorption, causing nearly no Ly α detection from star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 8. However, spectroscopic observations of the four brightest galaxies (H160 ∼ 25 mag) at these redshifts do reveal prominent Ly α line, suggesting locally ionized IGM. In this paper, we explore the Ly α IGM transmission and environment of bright galaxies during the EoR using the Meraxes semi-analytic model. We find brighter galaxies to be less affected by damping-wing absorption as they are effective at ionizing surrounding neutral hydrogen. Specifically, the brightest sources (H160 ≲ 25.5 mag) lie in the largest ionized regions in our simulation, and have low attenuation of their Ly α from the IGM (optical depth &lt;1). Fainter galaxies (25.5 mag &lt; H160 &lt; 27.5 mag) have transmission that depends on UV luminosity, leading to a lower incidence of Ly α detection at fainter magnitudes. This luminosity-dependent attenuation explains why Ly α has only been observed in the brightest galaxies at z ∼ 8. Follow-up observations have revealed counterparts in the vicinity of these confirmed z ∼ 8 Ly α emitters. The environments of our modelled analogues agree with these observations in the number of nearby galaxies, which is a good indicator of whether Ly α can be detected among fainter galaxies. At the current observational limit, galaxies with ≥2–5 neighbours within 2 arcmin × 2 arcmin are ∼2–3 times more likely to show Ly α emission. JWST will discover an order of magnitude more neighbours, revealing ≳50 galaxies in the largest ionizing bubbles and facilitating direct study of reionization morphology.
Non-ideal magnetohydrodynamic simulations of subcritical pre-stellar cores with non-equilibrium chemistry
Authors: Tritsis A , Federrath C , Willacy K , Tassis K 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Non-ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effects are thought to be gravity’s closest ally in overcoming the support of magnetic fields and in forming stars. Here, we modify the publicly available version of the adaptive mesh refinement code flash (Fryxell et al. 2000; Dubey et al. 2008) to include a detailed treatment of non-ideal MHD and study such effects in collapsing pre-stellar cores. We implement two very extended non-equilibrium chemical networks, the largest of which is comprised of ∼ 300 species and includes a detailed description of deuterium chemistry. The ambipolar diffusion, Ohmic and Hall resistivities are then self-consistently calculated from the abundances of charged species. We present a series of 2D axisymmetric simulations where we vary the chemical model, cosmic ray ionization rate, and grain distribution. We benchmark our implementation against ideal MHD simulations and previously published results. We show that, at high densities ($n_{\rm {H_2}}\gt ~10^6~\rm {cm^{-3}}$), the ion that carries most of the perpendicular and parallel conductivities is not $\rm {H_3^+}$ as was previously thought, but is instead $\rm {D_3^+}$.