bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanically Durable Memristor Arrays Based on a Discrete Structure Design
Authors: Wang Ting , Cui Zequn , Liu Yaqing , Lu Dingjie , Wang Ming , Wan Changjin , Leow Wan Ru , Wang Changxian , Pan Liang , Cao Xun , Huang Yizhong , Liu Zhuangjian , Tok Alfred Iing Yoong , Chen Xiaodong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMemristors constitute a promising functional component for information storage and in‐memory computing in flexible and stretchable electronics including wearable devices, prosthetics, and soft robotics. Despite tremendous efforts made to adapt conventional rigid memristors to flexible and stretchable scenarios, stretchable and mechanical‐damage‐endurable memristors, which are critical for maintaining reliable functions under unexpected mechanical attack, have never been achieved. Here, the development of stretchable memristors with mechanical damage endurance based on a discrete structure design is reported. The memristors possess large stretchability (40%) and excellent deformability (half‐fold), and retain stable performances under dynamic stretching and releasing. It is shown that the memristors maintain reliable functions and preserve information after extreme mechanical damage, including puncture (up to 100 times) and serious tearing situations (fully diagonally cut). The structural strategy offers new opportunities for next‐generation stretchable memristors with mechanical damage endurance, which is vital to achieve reliable functions for flexible and stretchable electronics even in extreme and highly dynamic environments.
Selective Antisite Defect Formation in WS2 Monolayers via Reactive Growth on Dilute W‐Au Alloy Substrates
Authors: Wang Kai , Zhang Lizhi , Nguyen Giang D. , Sang Xiahan , Liu Chenze , Yu Yiling , Ko Wonhee , Unocic Raymond R. , Puretzky Alexander A. , Rouleau Christopher M. , Geohegan David B. , Fu Lei , Duscher Gerd , Li An‐Ping , Yoon Mina , Xiao Kai 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDefects are ubiquitous in 2D materials and can affect the structure and properties of the materials and also introduce new functionalities. Methods to adjust the structure and density of defects during bottom‐up synthesis are required to control the growth of 2D materials with tailored optical and electronic properties. Here, the authors present an Au‐assisted chemical vapor deposition approach to selectively form SW and S2W antisite defects, whereby one or two sulfur atoms substitute for a tungsten atom in WS2 monolayers. Guided by first‐principles calculations, they describe a new method that can maintain tungsten‐poor growth conditions relative to sulfur via the low solubility of W atoms in a gold/W alloy, thereby significantly reducing the formation energy of the antisite defects during the growth of WS2. The atomic structure and composition of the antisite defects are unambiguously identified by Z‐contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy‐loss spectroscopy, and their total concentration is statistically determined, with levels up to ≈5.0%. Scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy measurements and first‐principles calculations further verified these antisite defects and revealed the localized defect states in the bandgap of WS2 monolayers. This bottom‐up synthesis method to form antisite defects should apply in the synthesis of other 2D materials.
Resonance‐Mediated Dynamic Modulation of Perovskite Crystallization for Efficient and Stable Solar Cells
Authors: Xu Ligang , Wu Di , Lv Wenxuan , Xiang Yuan , Liu Yan , Tao Ye , Yin Jun , Qian Mengyuan , Li Ping , Zhang Liuquan , Chen Shufen , Mohammed Omar F. , Bakr Osman M. , Duan Zheng , Chen Runfeng , Huang Wei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractManipulating perovskite crystallization to prepare high‐quality perovskite films is the key to achieving highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, a dynamic strategy is proposed to modulate perovskite crystallization using a resonance hole‐transporting material (HTM) capable of fast self‐adaptive tautomerization between multiple electronic states with neutral and charged resonance forms for mediating perovskite crystal growth and defect passivation in situ. This approach, based on resonance variation with self‐adaptive molecular interactions between the HTM and the perovskite, produces high‐quality perovskite films with smooth surface, oriented crystallization, and low charge recombination, leading to high‐performance inverted PSCs with power conversion efficiencies approaching 22% for small‐area devices (0.09 cm2) and up to 19.5% for large‐area devices (1.02 cm2). Also, remarkably high stability of the PSCs is observed, retaining over 90%, 88%, or 83% of the initial efficiencies in air with relative humidity of 40–50%, under continuous one‐sun illumination, or at 75 °C annealing for 1000 h without encapsulation.
Flexible and Wearable Optoelectronic Devices Based on Perovskites
Authors: Zhao Rudai , Gu Zhenkun , Li Pengwei , Zhang Yiqiang , Song Yanlin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPerovskites as promising photovoltaic materials have been widely investigated due to their excellent photoelectric properties. Perovskite optoelectronic devices have been applied in fields of portable energy, light monitors, image sensors, etc. In recent years, wearable perovskite optoelectronic devices have been developed for their advantages of flexibility, stretchability, and light weight. In this review, the latest development of flexible and wearable perovskite optoelectronic devices is summarized. First, the preparation methods of optoelectronic devices are introduced, especially focusing on the large‐scale fabrication. Then the latest advances of various flexible devices are presented. In particular, the stability and safety of wearable devices, as well as the impact factors and corresponding solutions are discussed. Finally, the challenges for practical applications are put forward and discussed.
Universal Experimental Methods for Evaluating the Performance of Radiative Cooling Materials
Authors: Park Gimin , Roh Kyeongman , Kim Hoon , Khan Salman , Lee Minjae , Kim Byung‐Wook , Kim Woochul 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe achievable cooling temperature and cooling power of a radiative cooling material are highly affected by time, location, and environmental conditions (e.g., the amount of radiatively participating gases in the atmosphere and incident solar radiation). Such influences cause deviations in the material's performance. To introduce more universal values for the cooling temperature and cooling power, a well‐controlled setup is developed to experimentally evaluate the material's performance. In contrast to the total emissivity of the atmosphere varying from 0.409 to 0.975 with 0%–100% relative humidity, the total emissivity of the experimental setup in this study is fixed at approximately 0.001, which clearly indicates the elimination of atmospheric radiation. A solar simulator is used to replicate the solar flux at air mass 1.5. The obtained time‐dependent temperature profiles suggest that the proposed measurement setup can be utilized to evaluate the material's performance independent of time, location, and environmental conditions.
Ferroelectric Materials for Solar Energy Scavenging and Photodetectors
Authors: Zhao Xue , Song Kai , Huang Hui , Han Wei , Yang Ya 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe photovoltaic devices based on ferroelectrics have drawn plenty of attention for providing a promising solar energy harvesting technology and efficient photodetectors. In this review, mainly the photoelectric properties of ferroelectric materials are introduced. First, three different types of ferroelectrics and primary representative materials are reviewed. Second, four existing principles and mechanisms of the photovoltaic effect in ferroelectrics are studied in great detail. Then, the typical design construction utilizing ferroelectrics for solar energy scavenging, photodetectors, and other photovoltaic device architectures is summarized. Lastly, the properties and characteristics of photovoltaic devices based on ferroelectrics are reviewed in the form of tables and the prospect of ferroelectric photovoltaic devices is discussed.
Advances in Electrochemical Hydrogenation Since 2010
Authors: Yang Jianjing , Qin Hongyun , Yan Kelu , Cheng Xingda , Wen Jiangwei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA commitment to developing a convenient, efficient, and safe hydrogenation strategy is one of the main focuses of industry and academia. Electrochemical hydrogenation brings greener and gentler opportunities for the selective hydrogenation of unsaturated compounds and the incorporation of deuterium atoms to desired products with traceless electrons as redox reagents in the absence of high‐pressure hydrogen. In this account, recent advances in electrochemical hydrogenation or transfer hydrogenation of unsaturated compounds since 2010 are summarized. The reaction features, limitations, substrates scopes, mechanism of these hydrogenation reactions are discussed in this review. We hope this account will contribute to future developments to broaden the scope of electrochemical hydrogenation or transfer hydrogenation.magnified image
Highly Reversible Supramolecular Light Switch for NIR Phosphorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
Authors: Wang Conghui , Ma Xin‐Kun , Guo Peng , Jiang Chunhui , Liu Yao‐Hua , Liu Guoxing , Xu Xiufang , Liu Yu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlthough purely organic room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) has drawn widespread attention in recent years, regulatable phosphorescence resonance energy transfer (PRET) supramolecular switch is still rare. Herein, single molecular dual‐fold supramolecular light switches, which are constructed by phenylpyridinium salts modified diarylethene derivatives (DTE‐Cn, n = 3, 5) and cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) are reported. Significantly, biaxial [3]pseudorotaxane displayed efficiently reversible RTP after binding with CB[8] and the phosphorescence quenching efficiency is calculated up to be 99%. Furthermore, the binary supramolecular assembly can coassemble with Cy5 to form ternary supramolecular assembly showing efficiently PRET, which is successfully applied in switchable near infrared (NIR) mitochondria‐targeted cell imaging and photocontrolled data encryption. This supramolecular strategy involving energy transfer provides a convenient approach for phosphorescent application in biology and material fields.
Metallic Ferromagnet of La0.5Sr0.5MnO3 with Negative Permittivity and Permeability
Authors: Yan Kelan , Shen Liming , Yin Feng , Qi Guicun , Zhang Xiaohong , Fan Runhua , Bao Ningzhong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSince the electromagnetic metamaterials are artificial materials with subwavelength‐scale periodic architectures, they can manipulate electromagnetic waves by exhibiting unusual properties of characteristic negative permittivity ε and permeability μ. However, their fabrication toward reducing the anisotropy for the realization of practical metamaterials is still a challenge. A homogeneous La0.5Sr0.5MnO3 with negative properties synthesized by a facile method consisting of the sol–gel method and pressure‐less sintering is proposed in this paper. By appropriately tuning eg electrons concentration, lattice symmetry, and magnetic resonance, the La0.5Sr0.5MnO3 can simultaneously achieve negative ε and μ at the frequency range of 575–650 MHz. Experimental results and theoretical simulation suggest that negative ε is attributed to the plasma oscillation of eg electrons and high lattice symmetry, whereas the magnetic resonance causes the negative μ. The enhancement is due to the reduction of the eddy current and the effective magnetic anisotropy. An important step toward the development of natural compound metamaterials is represented in this paper.
Predictive factors of outcomes in patients with AL amyloidosis treated with daratumumab
Authors: Szalat Raphael E. , Gustine Joshua , Sloan J. Mark , Edwards Camille V. , Sanchorawala Vaishali 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDaratumumab as a single agent (sDARA) or in combination with chemotherapies (cDARA) leads to impressive hematologic and organ responses in AL amyloidosis. However, predictive factors associated with outcomes, and optimal duration of therapy remain unclear. We analyzed 107 patients with AL amyloidosis treated with daratumumab between 2017 and 2020. The median overall survival (OS) was not reached while the median major organ deterioration progression free survival (MOD‐PFS) was 36 months in the sDARA cohort and not reached in the cDARA cohort, respectively. Hematologic response > VGPR was achieved in 81% of patients receiving sDARA and 86% of patients treated with cDARA. Several predictive factors were identified on a univariate analysis, including NTproBNP >8500 pg/mL but only achievement of at least VGPR and presence of 1q21 gain were independently associated with MOD‐PFS and OS on a multivariate analysis. Finally, patients receiving > 12 cycles had significantly longer MOD‐PFS (30 vs.13 months; (p = .0018) and OS (NR vs. 15 months; p < .0001). NTproBNP > 8500 pg/mL, presence of 1q21 gain and shorter duration of therapy (≤ 12 cycles) are strong negative predictive factors for outcomes with daratumumab therapy in AL amyloidosis.
Characterization of myeloid neoplasms following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Kuno Masatomo , Yamasaki Satoshi , Fujii Nobuharu , Ishida Yasushi , Fukuda Takahiro , Kataoka Keisuke , Uchida Naoyuki , Katayama Yuta , Sato Maho , Onai Daishi , Miyamoto Toshihiro , Ota Shuichi , Yoshioka Satoshi , Ara Takahide , Hangaishi Akira , Hashii Yoshiko , Onizuka Makoto , Ichinohe Tatsuo , Atsuta Yoshiko , Inamoto Yoshihiro ,   on behalf of the Japan Society for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Late Effects and Quality of Life Working Group
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe compared characteristics of myeloid neoplasms (MNs) following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) versus autologous HCT using a Japanese HCT registry database. Among 43 788 patients who underwent allogeneic (n = 18 874) or autologous HCT (n = 24 914) for non‐myeloid malignancies or non‐malignant diseases, 352 developed MNs. The cumulative incidence of MNs was lower after allogeneic HCT than after autologous HCT (0.3% vs. 1.8% at 10 years, respectively, p < .001). Compared with autologous HCT, MNs following allogeneic HCT developed in younger patients (median, 42 vs. 57 years old, respectively) and sooner after HCT (median, 16 vs. 33 months, respectively). Approximately half of MNs following allogeneic HCT were donor‐derived and occurred later than recipient‐derived MNs (median, 26 vs. 6 months, respectively, p = .003). In multivariate analysis, reduced‐intensity conditioning and cord blood transplantation were associated with MN development after allogeneic HCT. Overall survival was similar in patients who developed MNs following allogeneic versus autologous HCT (18% vs. 22% at 5 years, respectively, p = .48). Patient age ≥ 55 years, the presence of previous HCT, AML subtype, and chromosome 5 or 7 abnormalities were adverse factors for overall survival after MN diagnosis. Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms of MN development following allogeneic HCT.
A Formal [3+3+1] Reaction of Enyne‐Methylenecyclopropanes through Au(I)‐Catalyzed Enyne Cycloisomerization and Rh(I)‐Catalyzed [6+1] Reaction of Vinylspiropentanes and CO
Authors: Li Chen‐Long , Yang Yusheng , Zhou Yi , Yu Zhi‐Xiang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA formal [3+3+1] reaction through gold(I)‐catalyzed enyne cycloisomerization of enyne‐methylenecyclopropanes and rhodium(I)‐catalyzed [6+1] reaction of vinylspiropentanes and CO has been developed to synthesize aza‐6/7 bicyclic compounds, hexahydrocyclohepta[c]pyridinones. DFT calculations reveal that four steps are involved in the [6+1] cycloaddition of vinylspiropentanes and CO, including oxidative addition of cyclopropane to Rh, β−C elimination, CO insertion and reductive elimination.
Transformation of tert‐Butyl Amide Directing Groups to Nitriles in Iridium‐Catalyzed C−H Bond Functionalizations
Authors: Kim Dopil , Yoo Haneul , Park Myung Hwan , Kim Youngjo , Chuang Gary Jing , Yoo Kwangho , Kim Dongwook , Kim Hyun Jin , Kim Min 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo overcome limitations of the directing group in IrCp* catalysis for C−H functionalization, we developed a directing group transformation strategy that was applied after obtaining the desired products. Well‐established Ir‐catalyzed alkenylation, alkylation, and arylation reactions were performed under mild conditions, and then the stable coordinating amide groups were efficiently converted to versatile nitrile groups by in situ treatment with Vilsmeier reagent at room temperature. Whereas the conversion of primary amides has been extensively studied with modified Appel protocol, nitrile formation from secondary amides is very limited. Various ortho‐functionalized benzonitrile derivatives (31 examples) were synthesized using this simple methodology, and the subsequent oxidative cyclization of an ortho‐alkenylated product was investigated to demonstrate the synthetic utility of this strategy. This simple and versatile methodology should be available under various transition metal catalysis with stable amide directing groups.
Recent Advances in Mono‐ and Difunctionalization of Unactivated Olefins
Authors: Patel Monak , Desai Bhargav , Sheth Aakash , Dholakiya Bharatkumar Z. , Naveen Togati 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOlefins are synthetically useful building blocks in modern organic synthesis. Direct functionalization of olefins; represent one of the most explored transformations in synthetic chemistry due to their easy availability and reactivity towards large number of reactants affording diverse range of organic compounds. In recent times, the development of new protocols for the functionalization of olefins is a growing realm. A plethora of olefin functionalization methodologies have been reported in the literature through ionic and free radical mechanisms including single electron transfer (SET) in the last two decades. This review gives an overview of mono‐ and difunctionalization of unactivated olefins, with an emphasis on the mechanistic details.
Frequency‐Polarization‐Multiplexed Single‐Layer Coding Metasurface for Independent Control of Four‐Channel Wavefront
Authors: Dong Liang , Li Tai Cheng , Zhu Lei , Zhao Xin , Yi Jianjia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDriven by the increasing demands for high integrations and large information capacities, the low‐profile and multifunctional coding metasurfaces have drawn much attention. Here, a novel, single‐layer, low‐profile, and multifunction coding metasurface based on frequency and polarization multiplexing is proposed. Numerical and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed coding metasurface can achieve the functions of four‐channel wavefront manipulation including beam splitting, abnormal deflection, vortex beam generation, and radar cross section (RCS) reduction at two operating frequencies under both linearly orthogonally polarized wave excitations. Owing to the high‐efficiency, low‐profile, and multiple functions’ characteristics, the proposed coding metasurface suggests potential applications in the fields of radar detections, satellite communications, and high integration of electromagnetic (EM) systems.
Synthetical modification of plant oil‐based plasticizer with CO2 leads to reduced migration from NBR rubber
Authors: Shahzad Irfan , Rahman Md Mahbubur , Wittchen Sergei , Reincke Katrin , Langer Beate , Cepus Valentin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe increasing environmental and toxic health concerns due to phthalate‐based plasticizers are pushing researchers to eliminate these market leader plasticizers and to find nature‐friendly bio‐based plasticizers with reduced migration. The present study is also an effort in this regard. Herein, the epoxidized monoester of glycerol formal based on soybean oil is synthetically modified by carbonation in the presence of a catalyst to increase the polarity of the plasticizer. These modified and pristine plasticizers were incorporated in acrylonitrile─butadiene rubber and their migration analysis during heating the sample for 60 h were performed using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance (FTIR‐ATR) by observing the absorbance of the characteristic carbonyl stretching vibration peak (1736 cm−1) of plasticizer relative to the CH stretching vibration of butadiene (968 cm−1). The results of migration kinetics and mechanical testing demonstrated reduction of diffusion coefficients by modification while hardness and tensile strength are hardly affected. In addition to the fact that soybean oil as a natural resource is more sustainable, the additional synthesis step of binding CO2 is advantageous for a green chemistry approach.
High‐epoxy value bio‐based epoxy emulsion reinforced interfacial properties of carbon fiber/epoxy composites
Authors: Chen Yifan , Ding Lei , Cui Chao , Liu Li , Huang Yudong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe development of new bio‐based epoxy resins and the search for new application areas have become important research directions for bio‐based epoxy resins. Using protocatechuic acid (PA) as a bio‐based raw material, brominated alkenes with different chain length were introduced into PA through substitution reaction, and then oxidized to obtain epoxy resins (PA‐EP) with different epoxy values. After that, it was introduced into epoxy resin (diglycidyl ether bisphenol A [DGEBA]) sizing agent to replace part of DGEBA to prepare new sizing agents. Sizing amount test and sizing CF surface morphology show that the introduction of PA‐EP with high‐epoxy value made it easier be adhered to carbon fiber (CF) surface during sizing process. Interfacial shear strength and interlaminar shear strength of composite made of sizing CF (20 wt% PA‐EP‐3) were 56.86% and 30.29% improvement against the bare CF, which was attributed to the increase in surface energy and epoxy groups after CF sizing. Therefore, PA‐EP with high‐epoxy value was applied as sizing agent for improving interface performance of CF for the first time, and this application was less affected by its low‐output problem compared to its application as a matrix resin in the field of composite manufacturing.
Effect of oleic acid on improving flame retardancy of brucite in low‐density polyethylene composite
Authors: Liu Renjie , Xia Wei , Otitoju Tunmise Ayode , Wu Weidong , Wang Song , Li Sanxi , Zhang Ailing , Chen Xuecheng , Tang Tao , Liu Jie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBrucite was modified with oleic acid (OA) and the effect of OA on flame retardancy of brucite in low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) composites was investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and particle size analysis were used to examine the structural changes of the OA modified brucite. Flammability of the LDPE/brucite composites with different OA content was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL‐94 test, and microscale combustion calorimetry. The results showed that when brucite was modified with OA, magnesium oleate was formed on the brucite surface. The brucite particle size and the relative intensity of the (101) diffraction peak of brucite decreased. When the content of OA and brucite in the composite were 6 and 40 phr respectively, the prepared LDPE composite displayed better flame retardancy than the corresponding OA free LDPE composite: the LOI value increased from 22.2% to 24.9%, and the peak heat release rate decreased from 678 to 546 kW/m2. The influence of OA on the improvement of flame retardancy of brucite in LDPE/brucite composite was due to the efficient dispersion of brucite in LDPE matrix and the structural changes of brucite, caused by the reaction of OA with brucite.