bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Domestic workers in New Zealand and the implications of International Labour Organization Convention No. 189
Authors:   , Hyde Rachel 
Published: November 2021

<p>There are an estimated 52.6 million domestic workers in the world, 83 per cent of whom are women, and many of whom work in poor conditions for low pay. Globally, domestic work is an under-regulated and under-valued sector. In an effort to address the precariousness of domestic work, the International Labour Organization adopted Convention No 189, concerning decent work for domestic workers. The Convention came into force on 5 September 2013. It provides for global minimum standards in areas in respect to which domestic workers should enjoy employment and social protection. The rights of domestic workers in New Zealand are addressed in a number of pieces of legislation, including the Employment Relations Act 2000, the Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992, and the Human Rights Act 1993. Although some categories of domestic worker receive protection under the legislation, others do not. This paper argues that the coverage of domestic workers in New Zealand is confusing and incomplete. For many domestic workers in New Zealand low pay and poor working conditions are a reality. If New Zealand’s domestic workers are to receive the same protection as other New Zealand employees and those domestic workers in nations that have ratified Convention No 189, then ratification of the Convention and associated domestic legislative change may be necessary to bring domestic law into line with international labour law. In the absence of ratification there are a number of options that could be pursued to improve the working lives of domestic workers in New Zealand.</p>
"A Strange Fever of the Nerves and Blood": Nervous Illness in the Literature of the Nineteenth Century
Authors:   , Parry Sarah 
Published: November 2021

<p>In the nineteenth century, the discussion of personal health and wellbeing became almost a national pastime. With publications such as the British Medical Journal and Lancet freely accessible to the everyday reader, common medical terms and diagnoses were readily absorbed by the public. In particular, the nineteenth century saw the rapid rise of the ‘nervous illness’ – sicknesses which had no apparent physical cause, but had the capacity to cripple their victims with (among other things) delirium, tremors and convulsions. As part of the rich social life of this popular class of disorder, writers of fiction within the nineteenth century also participated in the public dialogue on the subject. Authors such as Charlotte Brontë, Wilkie Collins, Charles Dickens and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle all constructed narratives involving nervous sufferers, particularly hypochondriacs and victims of brain fever. Despite writing in a wide variety of genres ranging from Gothic to realist, the roles played by the illnesses within the texts of these authors remain a vital feature of the plot, either as a hindrance to the protagonists (by removing key players from the plot at a critical moment) or a method of revealing deeper aspects of their character. Nervous illnesses carried with them social stigmas: men could be rendered feminine; women could be branded recklessly passionate or even considered visionaries as ideas about the nerves, the supposed seat of emotion and passion, brought into sharp relief the boundaries between physical and mental suffering, and physical and spiritual experiences. The central aim of this thesis is to examine the cultural understanding of nervous illness and how nineteenth-century texts interacted with and challenged this knowledge. It focuses on how nineteenth-century authors of different genres – particularly the Gothic, sensation and realist genres – use the common convention of nervous illness – particularly hypochondria and brain fever – to develop their protagonists and influence the plot. Through comparisons between literary symptoms and those recorded by contemporary sufferers and their physicians, this thesis analyses the way that the cultural concept of nervous illness is used by four principal Victorian authors across a range of their works, looking at how hypochondria and brain fever function within their plots and interact with gender and genre conventions to uphold and subvert the common tropes of each. Whether it aids or hinders the protagonist, or merely gives the reader an insight into their personality, nervous illness in the Victorian novel was a widely used convention which speaks not only of the mindset of the author, but also of the public which so willingly received it.</p>
Lexical richness in adolescent writing, insights from the classroom: An L1 vocabulary development study
Authors:   , White Rebecca Hamilton 
Published: November 2021

<p>This thesis constitutes a mixed-methods enquiry into how vocabulary develops across adolescence, within the context of New Zealand secondary schools. A quantitative approach was adopted to investigate vocabulary use in authentic written essays produced by secondary school English students (N=141) belonging to three age groups: 13-14, 15-16, and 17-18, from eight schools. Essays were analysed for the following three lexical richness features: lexical variation, lexical sophistication, and lexical density. With links between these lexical richness features and vocabulary size/skill in vocabulary use (Vermeer, 2000; Ravid & Zilberbuch, 2003; Malvern, Richards, Chipere, & Durán, 2009), signs of development were studied through comparison of scores across the three age groups. Quantitative findings indicate significant lexical development across year levels in the data set. Furthermore, the findings suggest that within the period of adolescence there is an even more specific period in which substantial development takes place: 15-18 years, or later adolescence. The qualitative aspect of this study focussed on identifying teacher perspectives on influences from within the secondary school context impacting on vocabulary development during this significant period of acquisition. Seven secondary school English teachers were interviewed on the subject of lexical development as it occurs within the schooling environment. Contributions from the school curriculum to vocabulary acquisition were observed, with spikes in curriculum difficulty from year 11 (age 15-16) onward corresponding with the developmental spike observed in the quantitative data further supporting this observation. Non-schooling related influences were also identified, including cognitive development, reading habits, and attitude and orientation toward vocabulary. The present study contributes to the growing field of later language acquisition through identification of a possible period of heightened development within the adolescent years. Importantly, it also highlights factors in students’ everyday school lives which may contribute to their lexical development, raising implications both for those wishing to promote lexical development within the secondary school population, and more globally for our understanding of how heightened development occurs during this period. The study concludes with implications for theory, research and practice, together with limitations of the study and future research directions arising from this research.</p>
Out of sight, out of mind? Non-user understandings of archives in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors:   , Davidson Jared 
Published: November 2021

<p>Research problem: Despite a significant amount of research on archival users, only a small number of studies have focused solely on the non-user. This study investigated non-user understandings of archives in Aotearoa New Zealand to learn about their awareness of archives, perceptions of accessibility and use, and views on an archives’ purpose and societal role. This included whether non-users valued archives and what this said about the democratic archival contract. Methodology: A qualitative research design influenced by critical theory was employed. Eight non-user samples of individuals over the age of 18 were purposively selected within the population of Aotearoa New Zealand, covering variables of geographical location, socio-economic status, education, gender, age, and ethnicity. Three activist samples were also included. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews and analysed thematically. Results: While their image of an archive was generally accurate and positive, participants had little knowledge of how they were organised. Archives were highly valued and viewed as accessible places for those who needed it, but with clear differences to other institutions. These differences prevented half of the sample with a need to use an archive from doing so. The archival contract was generally accepted, but was problematized in terms of access and cultural bias. Implications: The findings support the view that understandings of archives greatly influence use. Although limited to a small and geographically specific sample, this study enables archives to know more about potential users, and design, target and implement outreach in order to raise awareness and increase use.</p>
Addressing the legal issues of an innovative start-up company
Authors:   , Samoylov Vlad 
Published: November 2021

<p>Before examining the substance of the law it is necessary to discuss the contrast between law and practice. It is important to keep in mind that the letter of the law is sometimes not what is done in practice. This realisation is often referred to as the “law and society perspective.” Advocates of this perspective treat legal doctrine as more than just a closed system because they recognise that there are other external influences at play. Beyond the law, people are also influenced by other factors such as social roles, morals, religion and culture. For example, university researchers have an external incentive mechanism outside of IP law. Such researchers frequently prefer to publish their results and discoveries in academic journals rather than file for patents. A patent cannot be granted where there has been a publication. However the researchers are motivated by other incentives such as access to research funds and the attainment of professorship. The Law and Society perspective highlights the fact that the formal processes, which are provided for by the law are at times substituted by informal customs and understandings. An information technology (IT) firm that contributed to this paper by participating in an interview (Interviewee A), provided a good example of such an occurrence. Rather than use any of the formal IP modes of protection which are discussed in the following sections of this paper, ‘Interviewee A’ uses a very unorthodox strategy to protect their IP. They said: “we rely on employment contracts, code of conduct, and especially personal ethics and behaviour to protect our IP. We therefore have a company culture that encourages teamwork and cooperation”.</p>
Trust in Recordkeeping
Authors:   , Hitchcock Jean 
Published: November 2021

<p>Research Problem: Compliance in recordkeeping is essential, especially in public service organisations that are required to comply with the Public Records Act (PRA) of New Zealand, which lays down strict guidelines for recordkeeping to aid in transparency in government. Records must be comprehensive and complete, as well as authentic and reliable. People are less likely to use a system if they do not trust it. There are various factors influencing compliance; this research examines trust in the recordkeeping system itself, and the factors that enhance or diminish trust. Methodology: This quantitative research was conducted using an online questionnaire in March of 2014. It was disseminated via New Zealand’s listserv for the recordkeeping community and it was sent to records managers because they understand the PRA, and have a holistic view of recordkeeping; and also would have an overview of staff compliance and attitudes. Text questions were included at the end, giving people an opportunity to explain or expand on their answers. Findings: Results were varied, reflecting the diversity of organisations affected by the PRA as well as diversity in standards of recordkeeping and compliance. Some results were clear, with all respondents seeing the benefit of support from management. Different problems were experienced in different organisations, and strategies to enhance trust and consequences of mistrust were listed. Implications: With increased knowledge about the factors affecting trust in recordkeeping systems, as well potential solutions, records managers can have a better chance of running or implementing a successful system. People factors play a large role in the success of a system, and record managers need to find ways to achieve user buy-in. Different solutions work in different organisations. Further research into the other factors affecting compliance in recordkeeping systems is indicated.</p>
The Drama‐Free Performance of Authentic Friends: Exploring how New Zealand men make sense of their friendships
Authors:   , Martinussen Maree Harete 
Published: November 2021

<p>In contemporary New Zealand, the cultural tropes surrounding the ‘good kiwi bloke’ and his ‘mates’ might seem as solid and steadfast as conceptions of kiwi mateship itself. However, the stability of masculinities and femininities is considered in this thesis as an illusion enabled by ongoing reflexive accomplishment, and I focus on how that illusion is achieved through the discursive construction of intimacies within friendships. A synthesis of ethnomethodological and poststructuralist theory informs the discourse analytic approach taken -­ critical discursive psychology. Drawing on insights from discursive psychological research, particularly Margaret Wetherell’s work, I apply the tools of this method to data collected from focus groups. Although my analysis is sociological, I engage with a wide range of theoretical claims from diverse disciplines in discussing my findings. I find that participant justifications for not engaging in some intimacies are constructed though interpretive repertoires that de‐value women’s friendship relating. However, I point to the re-­signification of intimacies relating to emotional self-­‐disclosing in men’s friendships; the task of aligning these ‘traditionally’ feminine intimacies with heteromasculine identity is achieved through an interpretive repertoire of authenticity. An authenticity repertoire is bolstered by the reproduction of understandings that uphold ideal friendships as being based on non-­obligatory interactions, which are carried out by rational, autonomous subjects. I suggest that these understandings of men’s friendships foster a sense of ontological security, but that they inhibit greater responsiveness between friends. The ways in which intimacy of friendships are mediated by discourses of sexism and heterosexism are also explored. The data indicates that mobilisation of sexist discourses functions to build shared masculine identity, with the subtleties of humour working to obscure prejudiced content. Elsewhere, humour is used to manage intimacies in friendships, via an ambiguous ‘homo-­play’ repertoire, where the contingent linking of sex and gender is exposed. I highlight the complex and context-­specific ways repertoires are used and question tendencies within studies of masculinities to map out typologies of masculinities, such as ‘softer’ or ‘orthodox’ masculinities, which are often attached to ‘types’ of men. Overall, I suggest that the careful management of talk about men’s friendships generally supports the ideological thrust of the current gender order, in line with Judith Butler’s conceptions of heterosexual hegemony. However, simultaneously, the relentless accounting in­‐talk around what constitutes men’s friendship is indicative of the need to continually perform (heterosexual) man‐friend, highlighting the intrinsic vulnerability of heterosexual hegemony.</p>
Cemented in Time: Concrete Bungalows designed by Cambridge Architect James Thomas Douce 1914-1928
Authors:   , Gainsford Jennifer M. 
Published: November 2021

<p>This study examines the significant architectural commissions of James Thomas Douce in Cambridge and the surrounding districts between1914 and 1928. The major component of the thesis will encompass a historical and an architectural discussion of 15 of his major works that were constructed in concrete. Added to this discourse there will be a conversation around their relationship with the town of Cambridge, the urban environment, contemporises who constructed the vernacular in concrete, the importance of these buildings in their setting. The focal point of the study will highlight Douce’s prowess and contribution as an architect. During the early part of the twentieth century he was at the height of his career when he received commissions from prominent Cambridge identities. An onsite investigation will underscore the exceptional qualities and design of each structure. Attention to the architectural merits, historical context and heritage values of each bungalow will be analysed. The examination of primary and secondary sources will focus on; historical records, the construction and the design elements, how his bungalows contributed to the architectural landscape and what impact Douce’s bungalows had on the Cambridge streetscape during the early1900s. Douce was Cambridge’s most successful architect from 1910 to his retirement in 1945. An honours paper undertaken at Auckland University (2003) established that many vernacular and commercial buildings in the Cambridge District can be attributed to him. This thesis encompasses a time frame that reflects his principal commissions and their relationship in the urban setting of Cambridge.</p>
I. Synthesis and Reactivity of Novel β-Diketiminato-cadmium Complexes, II. Synthesis of Lead Selenide Nanoparticles for Use in Solar Cells
Authors:   , Borren Elliot 
Published: November 2021

<p>Rising levels of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the atmosphere has led to metal amide and alkoxide complexes being explored as potential CO₂ activators. A wide variety of M–O and M–N bonds have been shown to activate CO₂, however to date there are no examples with cadmium. A range of novel cadmium amide and alkoxide complexes have been synthesised, using the β-diketiminato ligand (BDI) as an ancilliary ligand. Initial reactivity studies have suggested CO₂ activation may be possible, although no products were isolated. Homonuclear metallic bonding (M–M) has been explored since the 1950’s and complexes containing M–M bonds are known for almost all transition and main group metals. There are only two reported Cd–Cd bonds, both using sterically bulky monoanionic ligands, like the β-diketiminato ligand. A novel β-diketiminato-cadmium chloride complex was synthesised and treated with a range of different reducing agents to generate a Cd–Cd bond. Different reactivities were observed for the reducing agents, however evidence of a Cd–Cd bond was not obtained. Group 14-16 materials, such as lead selenide, are p-type semi-conductors and have the potential to replacing silicon as a photon acceptor in solar cells. Lead selenide nanoparticles display quantum confinement effects, which allows one to tailor the band gap energies to maximise their absorbance of solar energy. The synthesis of PbSe nanoparticles is described in this study from the reaction between selenium and the lead complex [(BDIph)₂Pb], as well as from the decomposition of [(BDIdipp)PbSeP{Se}Cy₂]. Differences in the size and shapes of the nanoparticles was observed, highlighting the need for controlled nucleation and growth conditions.</p>
Poor black women and messy drag queens: A discursive map of the scandalous event of “Haute Mess”
Authors:   , Macdonald Anna Estelle 
Published: November 2021

<p>In 2012, Vogue Italia became embroiled in an online scandal about “Haute Mess,” the centrepiece fashion spread from its March issue. Shot in a fast-food diner, the models in the spread wore garish clothing, stacks of jewellery, long heavily pattered acrylic nails, outré makeup, and extreme weaves (hairpieces that are similar to wigs). In response to “Haute Mess,” several prominent online magazines accused Vogue Italia of cultural appropriation. These claims hinged on the shoot’s hairstyling, as some of the extreme weaves featured on the models in “Haute Mess” resembled weaves worn by anonymous black women in photographs that circulate online, on websites such as NoWayGirl.com. This thesis examines the scandalous event of “Haute Mess,” exploring the relationships between the shoot itself, the online discussion about it, Vogue Italia’s framing of it, and the photographs of weaves worn by anonymous black women that resemble those hairstyles in “Haute Mess.” Following Michel Foucault’s work on the archive, and Lauren Berlant’s “histories of the present,” this thesis questions the status of the event as given, and sets out to unpick its seams. This process involves mapping the emergence of two distinct categories of knowledge about marginalised bodies from this event: the ‘Poor Black Woman’ and the ‘Messy Drag Queen.’ By tracing the formation of these figures, this thesis argues that this event functions as a concentrated instance of the production of knowledge about marginalised bodies. In relation to this production of knowledge, the scandalous event of “Haute Mess” frames the Poor Black Woman and Messy Drag Queen in binary terms, as authentic and inauthentic, respectively. In order to circumvent this binary, this thesis seeks a way to engage with this event beyond appeals to authenticity.</p>
Critical Architectural Heritage: Constructing heritage with(out) the Wanganui Native Land Court Building
Authors:   , Harding Duncan 
Published: November 2021

<p>Critical heritage is a theory and practice where heritage is defined as the active engagement of the past in the present. In critical heritage, building, sites, and places are not objects of heritage in themselves but are cultural tools that facilitate the performance of heritage. If heritage, particularly architectural heritage, is not considered to be a tangible object or building, then the discipline is opened to a wide variety of differing groups and identities, some of whom are currently disadvantaged by conventional practices of heritage. This thesis examines how the arguments of architectural heritage were performed in a case study of New Zealand heritage practice: the 2013 Environment Court hearing regarding the Wanganui Native Land Court Building. A quantitative content analysis of the hearing revealed the heritage arguments to be composed in five main patterns which emphasised: the significance of identity, built fabric, context, a combination of identity and context, and a combination of the built fabric and context. The patterns show that the significance, and use, of the built form varied in different heritage arguments. If the performative context of the Environment Court is acknowledged via critical heritage, then the patterns show how arguments of heritage were composed, particularly in relation to the built form. Reference to the Wanganui Native Land Court building was not a significant quantitative component in many of these patterns and, as such, the use of the building was primarily conceptual, rather than material. The Court’s decision privileges the built form as a physical resource which is scarce and irreplaceable. The decision is, in some ways, at odds with the lack of reliance on built form in the patterns.</p>