bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of turmeric-enriched pellets to improve the immunity of Clarias batrachus toward motile Aeromonas septicemia disease
Authors: Riauwaty Morina , Siregar Yusni I. , Mulyani Isma 
Published: May 2021

Background: Turmeric is known as a natural remedy to improve the immunity of organisms. This study aims to understand the effectiveness of turmeric-enriched pellets to improve the immunity of Clarias batrachus to Aeromonas hydrophila. Methods: The study was conducted from May to August 2020. C. batrachus fingerlings, 7-8 cm total length (TL) and 4-5 g (BW) at baseline, were kept in 30 L aquaria (10 fishes/aquarium; three replicated/treatment). Commercial pellets were mixed with turmeric powder. There were five treatment groups: P0 (control, no turmeric); P1 (0.5 g turmeric per Kg of pellets); P2 (0.7 g/Kg); P3 (0.9 g/Kg); Pp (positive control). Thirty days after being feed with turmeric-enriched pellets, all groups of fish were infected with 0.1 ml (108) of A. hydrophila suspension, intramuscularly. The P0 group did not receive injection, while Pp group were not fed with turmeric-enriched pellets but were infected with the bacteria. Fourteen days after infection, clinical signs and hematology of the fish were studied. Results: Pp fish showed heavy clinical signs of A. hydrophila, such as loss of balance, pigmentation, hemorrhages and ulcers. P0 fish did not show any symptoms, while the treated fish reveled some clinical signs of A. hydrophila to a lesser extent than Pp, indicating that the fish is able to face the A. hydrophila attack. Hematology for Pp fish revealed high white blood cells, indicating that the fish were infected. The blood condition of the P0 fish, as well as those of the turmeric-treated fish were normal. In general, the P3 fish showed the least clinical signs of A. hydrophila and normal blood condition, indicating that P3 treatment is best. Conclusion: The best turmeric dosage to improve the immunity of C. batrachus toward A. hydrophila infection is 0.9 g/Kg pellets.
Identifying potential drug targets and candidate drugs for COVID-19: biological networks and structural modeling approaches
Authors: Selvaraj Gurudeeban , Kaliamurthi Satyavani , Peslherbe Gilles H. , Wei Dong-Qing 
Published: May 2021

Background:Coronavirus (CoV) is an emerging human pathogen causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) around the world. Earlier identification of biomarkers for SARS can facilitate detection and reduce the mortality rate of the disease. Thus, by integrated network analysis and structural modeling approach, we aimed to explore the potential drug targets and the candidate drugs for coronavirus medicated SARS.Methods:Differentially expression (DE) analysis of CoV infected host genes (HGs) expression profiles was conducted by using the Limma. Highly integrated DE-CoV-HGs were selected to construct the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Results:Using the Walktrap algorithm highly interconnected modules include module 1 (202 nodes); module 2 (126 nodes) and module 3 (121 nodes) modules were retrieved from the PPI network. MYC, HDAC9, NCOA3, CEBPB, VEGFA, BCL3, SMAD3, SMURF1, KLHL12, CBL, ERBB4, and CRKL were identified as potential drug targets (PDTs), which are highly expressed in the human respiratory system after CoV infection. Functional terms growth factor receptor binding, c-type lectin receptor signaling, interleukin-1 mediated signaling, TAP dependent antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I, stimulatory T cell receptor signaling, and innate immune response signaling pathways, signal transduction and cytokine immune signaling pathways were enriched in the modules. Protein-protein docking results demonstrated the strong binding affinity (-314.57 kcal/mol) of the ERBB4-3cLpro complex which was selected as a drug target. In addition, molecular dynamics simulations indicated the structural stability and flexibility of the ERBB4-3cLpro complex. Further, Wortmannin was proposed as a candidate drug to ERBB4 to control SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis through inhibit receptor tyrosine kinase-dependent macropinocytosis, MAPK signaling, and NF-kb singling pathways that regulate host cell entry, replication, and modulation of the host immune system.Conclusion:We conclude that CoV drug target “ERBB4” and candidate drug “Wortmannin” provide insights on the possible personalized therapeutics for emerging COVID-19.
Correlation between anti-hypertensive drugs and disease progression among moderate, severe, and critically ill COVID-19 patients in the second referral hospital in Surbaya: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Suryantoro Satriyo Dwi , Thaha Mochammad , Hayati Mutiara Rizky , Yusuf Mochammad , Pikir Budi Susetyo , Susilo Hendri 
Published: May 2021

Background: Hypertension, as the comorbidity accompanying COVID-19, is related to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor (ACE-2R) and endothelial dysregulation which have an important role in blood pressure regulation. Other anti-hypertensive agents are believed to trigger the hyperinflammation process. We aimed to figure out the association between the use of anti-hypertensive drugs and the disease progression of COVID-19 patients. Methods: This study is an observational cohort study among COVID-19 adult patients from moderate to critically ill admitted to Universitas Airlangga Hospital (UAH) Surabaya with history of hypertension and receiving anti-hypertensive drugs. Results: Patients receiving beta blockers only had a longer length of stay than angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ACEI/ARB) or calcium channel blockers alone (17, 13.36, and 13.73 respectively), had the higher rate of intensive care unit (ICU) admission than ACEi/ARB (p 0.04), and had the highest mortality rate (54.55%). There were no significant differences in length of stay, ICU admission, mortality rate, and days of death among the single, double, and triple anti-hypertensive groups. The mortality rate in groups taking ACEi/ARB was lower than other combination. Conclusions: Hypertension can increase the severity of COVID-19. The use of ACEI/ARBs in ACE-2 receptor regulation which is thought to aggravate the condition of COVID-19 patients has not yet been proven. This is consistent with findings in other anti-hypertensive groups.
Folded thin-film lithium niobate modulator based on a poled Mach–Zehnder interferometer structure
Authors: Hu Jinyao , Li Chijun , Guo Changjian , Lu Chao , Lau Alan Pak Tao , Chen Pengxin , Liu Liu 
Published: May 2021

The thin-film lithium niobate structure has been used recently to construct compact and high-performance electro-optical modulators. Due to the moderate electro-optical coefficient of the lithium niobate material, the device length of such a modulator is still long, a few centimeters usually. Here, a folded Mach–Zehnder interferometer based modulator on

x

-cut thin-film lithium niobate is demonstrated. An effective poling procedure is developed to activate the device. The proposed modulator structure can shorten the device length without affecting its performance. The measured

V
π

L

product of a fabricated and completely poled folded modulator is about

2

.74

V

⋅

c
m

, and the 3 dB electro-optical bandwidth is about 55 GHz. They are close to those of a conventional Mach–Zehnder modulator with a straight modulation section.
Perioperative pupil size in low-energy femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery
Authors: Mirshahi Alireza , Schneider Astrid , Latz Catharina , Ponto Katharina A. 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
To assess potential changes in pupil size during femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) using a low-energy laser system.

Methods
The pupil sizes of eyes undergoing FLACS were measured using the Ziemer LDV Z8 by extracting images from the laser software after each of the following steps: application of suction, lens fragmentation, and capsulotomy. Furthermore, the pupil diameters were measured based on preoperative surgical microscope images and after releasing the suction. Paired t-test and the two one-sided tests (TOST) procedure were used for statistical analyses. The horizontal and vertical pupil diameters were compared in each of the steps with preoperative values.

Results
Data were available for 52 eyes (52 patients, mean age 73.4 years, range 51–87 years). The equivalence between mean preoperative pupil size and status immediately after femtosecond laser treatment was confirmed (p<0.001; 95% confidence interval [−0.0637, 0.0287] for horizontal and p<0.001; 95% CI [−0.0158, 0.0859] for vertical diameter). There was statistically significant horizontal and vertical enlargement of pupil diameters between 0.15 and 0.24 mm during the laser treatment steps as compared with preoperative values (all p values <0.001).

Conclusions
No progressive pupil narrowing was observed using low-energy FLACS. Although a suction-induced, slight increase in pupil area became apparent, this effect was completely reversible after removing the laser interface.
Sleep Loss Drives Brain Region-Specific and Cell Type-Specific Alterations in Ribosome-Associated Transcripts Involved in Synaptic Plasticity and Cellular Timekeeping
Authors: Puentes-Mestril Carlos , Delorme James , Wang Lijing , Donnelly Marcus , Popke Donald , Jiang Sha , Aton Sara J. 
Published: May 2021

Sleep and sleep loss are thought to impact synaptic plasticity, and recent studies have shown that sleep and sleep deprivation (SD) differentially affect gene transcription and protein translation in the mammalian forebrain. However, much less is known regarding how sleep and SD affect these processes in different microcircuit elements within the hippocampus and neocortex, for example, in inhibitory versus excitatory neurons. Here, we use translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) andin situhybridization to characterize the effects of sleep versus SD on abundance of ribosome-associated transcripts in Camk2a-expressing (Camk2a+) pyramidal neurons and parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons in the hippocampus and neocortex of male mice. We find that while both Camk2a+neurons and PV+interneurons in neocortex show concurrent SD-driven increases in ribosome-associated transcripts for activity-regulated effectors of plasticity and transcriptional regulation, these transcripts are minimally affected by SD in hippocampus. Similarly, we find that while SD alters several ribosome-associated transcripts involved in cellular timekeeping in neocortical Camk2a+and PV+neurons, effects on circadian clock transcripts in hippocampus are minimal, and restricted to Camk2a+neurons. Taken together, our results indicate that SD effects on transcripts associated with translating ribosomes are both cell type-specific and brain region-specific, and that these effects are substantially more pronounced in the neocortex than the hippocampus. We conclude that SD-driven alterations in the strength of synapses, excitatory-inhibitory (E-I) balance, and cellular timekeeping are likely more heterogeneous than previously appreciated.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSleep loss-driven changes in transcript and protein abundance have been used as a means to better understand the function of sleep for the brain. Here, we use translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) to characterize changes in abundance of ribosome-associated transcripts in excitatory and inhibitory neurons in mouse hippocampus and neocortex after a brief period of sleep or sleep loss. We show that these changes are not uniform, but are generally more pronounced in excitatory neurons than inhibitory neurons, and more pronounced in neocortex than in hippocampus.
Voltage-Gated Potassium Channels Ensure Action Potential Shape Fidelity in Distal Axons
Authors: Gonzalez Sabater Victoria , Rigby Mark , Burrone Juan 
Published: May 2021

The initiation and propagation of the action potential (AP) along an axon allows neurons to convey information rapidly and across distant sites. Although AP properties have typically been characterized at the soma and proximal axon, knowledge of the propagation of APs toward distal axonal domains of mammalian CNS neurons remains limited. We used genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) to image APs with submillisecond temporal resolution simultaneously at different locations along the long axons of dissociated hippocampal neurons from rat embryos of either sex. We found that APs became sharper and showed remarkable fidelity as they traveled toward distal axons, even during a high-frequency train. Blocking voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv) with 4-AP resulted in an increase in AP width in all compartments, which was stronger at distal locations and exacerbated during AP trains. We conclude that the higher levels of Kv channel activity in distal axons serve to sustain AP fidelity, conveying a reliable digital signal to presynaptic boutons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe AP represents the electrical signal carried along axons toward distant presynaptic boutons where it culminates in the release of neurotransmitters. The nonlinearities involved in this process are such that small changes in AP shape can result in large changes in neurotransmitter release. Since axons are remarkably long structures, any distortions that APs suffer along the way have the potential to translate into a significant modulation of synaptic transmission, particularly in distal domains. To avoid these issues, distal axons have ensured that signals are kept remarkably constant and insensitive to modulation during a train, despite the long distances traveled. Here, we uncover the mechanisms that allow distal axonal domains to provide a reliable and faithful digital signal to presynaptic terminals.
İlk kez baba olanlarda doğum sonu depresyon ve psikososyal belirleyicileri
Authors: ÜNVER Hacer , UÇAR Tuba 
Published: May 2021

Amaç: Bu araştırma ilk kez baba olanlarda doğum sonu depresyon ve psikososyal belirleyicilerini saptamak amacıyla yapıldı.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırma ilişkisel tanımlayıcı tipte yapıldı. Araştırmanın örneklemini, Türkiye’nin doğusunda bulunan bir ilin merkez ilçelerine bağlı iki farklı Aile Sağlığı Merkezine kayıtlı 3-6 aylık bebeği olan 250 baba oluşturdu. Veriler Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Edinburg Postpartum Depresyon Skalası (EPDS), Sürekli Kaygı Ölçeği ve Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği ile toplandı. Doğum sonu depresyonun belirleyicilerini incelemek için çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Araştırmada babaların %18.8’inde (n=42) doğum sonu depresyon riski olduğu belirlendi (EPDS≥12). Babalarda doğum sonu depresyon ile sürekli kaygı arasında pozitif yönde, depresyon ile sosyal destek ve sosyal destek alt boyutları (aile, arkadaş ve özel insan) arasında negatif yönde anlamlı ilişki olduğu belirlendi. Regresyon analizi sürekli kaygının, sosyal desteğin ve aile tarafından verilen sosyal desteğin babalarda doğum sonu depresyonun önemli belirleyicileri olduğunu gösterdi.
Sonuç: Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgular sonucunda yüksek kaygı düzeyinin, yetersiz sosyal desteğin ve yetersiz aile desteğinin doğum sonu dönemdeki babalarda depresyonun önemli belirleyicileri olduğunu göstermektedir. 3-6 aylık bebeği olan babalarda depresyon riskini azaltmak için kaygılarının giderilmesi ve sosyal desteklerinin artırılması yardımcı olabilir.
Anemia as a Risk Factor for Organ Dysfunctions in Patients Operated on Heart Valves
Authors: Yudin G. V. , Rybka M. M. , Khinchagov D. Ya. , Dibin D. A. , Goncharov A. A. 
Published: May 2021

Aim To study the effects of pre- and postoperative anemia on the risk and the structure of internal organ dysfunction in patients undergoing surgery for acquired heart diseases (AHD).Material and methods This was a retrospective cohort study including 610 primarily operated patients with AHD. A comparative analysis of the incidence and the structure of internal organ dysfunction was performed, and the likelihood of intraoperative hemotransfusion was determined for patients with preoperative anemia (Hb <130 g/l) and without it. The incidence and the nature of internal organ damage were compared in patients with postoperative Hb < 90 g/l and 90–130 g/l.ResultsThe presence of postoperative anemia detected in 45 % of patients at two days after the surgery 6-fold increased the risk of acute heart failure (odds ratio [OR], 5.75; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 1.23–26.84; р=0.016), 4-fold increased the risk of multiorgan failure (MOF) (OR, 4.2; 95 % CI, 1.16–15.64; р=0.03), and 5-fold increased the likelihood of hemotransfusion (OR, 4.74; 95 % CI, 3.12–7.19; р<0.0001). Severe and moderate anemia (Hb <90 g/l) was observed in 11.2 % of patients, which presence 6-fold increased the risk of brain dysfunction (OR, 5.72; 95 % CI, 2.17–15.06; р=0.001) and MOF (OR, 5.97; 95 % CI, 1.94–18.35; р=0.004) compared to patients with Hb 90–130 g/l.Conclusion In patients with AHD, postoperative anemia increases the risk of circulatory decompensation at two days after the surgery and of MOF and also increases the likelihood of intraoperative hemotransfusion; postoperative anemia with Hb <90 g/l increases the risk of brain damage and MOF.
Chronic heart failure in the Russian Federation: what has changed over 20 years of follow-up? Results of the EPOCH-CHF study
Authors: Polyakov D. S. , Fomin I. V. , Belenkov Yu. N. , Mareev V. Yu. , Ageev F. T. , Artemjeva E. G. , Badin Yu. V. , Bakulina E. V. , Vinogradova N. G. , Galyavich A. S. , Ionova T. S. , Kamalov G. M. , Kechedzhieva S. G. , Koziolova N. A. , Malenkova V. Yu. , Malchikova S. V. , Mareev Yu. V. , Smirnova E. A. , Tarlovskaya E. I. , Shcherbinina E. V. , Yakushin S. S. 
Published: May 2021

Aim To study the etiology and the dynamics of prevalence and mortality of CHF; to evaluate the treatment coverage of such patients in a representative sample of the European part of the Russian Federation for a 20-year period. Material and methods A representative sample of the European part of the Russian Federation followed up for 2002 through 2017 (n=19 276); a representative sample of the population of the Nizhny Novgorod region examined in 1998 (n=1922).Results During the observation period since 2002, the incidence of major CHF symptoms (tachycardia, edema, shortness of breath, weakness) tended to decrease while the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases has statistically significantly increased. During the period from 1998 through 2017, the prevalence of I-IV functional class (FC) CHF increased from 6.1 % to 8.2 % whereas III-IV FC CHF increased from 1.8 % to 3.1 %. The main causes for the development of CHF remained arterial hypertension and ischemic heart disease; the role of myocardial infarction and diabetes mellitus as causes for CHF was noted. For the analyzed period, the number of treatment components and the coverage of basic therapy for patients with CHF increased, which probably accounts for a slower increase in the disease prevalence by 2007–2017. The prognosis of patients was unfavorable: in I-II FC CHF, the median survival was 8.4 (95 % CI: 7.8–9.1) years and in III-IV FC CHF, the median survival was 3.8 (95 % CI: 3.4–4.2) years.
Expert consensus regarding treatment of iron deficiency in stable and decompensated patients with heart failure
Authors: Mareev Yu. V. , Gilarevsky S. R. , Begrambekova Yu. L. , Lopatin Yu. M. , Garganeeva A. A. , Duplyakov D. V. , Kobalava Zh. D. , Golukhova E. Z. , Koziolova N. A. , Panov А. V. , Lelyavina Т. А. , Drapkina O. M. , Mareev V. Yu. 
Published: May 2021

In recent years there has been significant interest in treating iron deficiency (ID) in patients with heart failure (HF) due to its high prevalence and detrimental effects in this population. As stated in the 2020 Russain HF guidelines, Intravenous ferric carboxymaltose remains the only proven therapy for ID.This document was prompted by the results from the recent AFFIRM-AHF trial which demonstrates that treatment of ID after acute HF decompensation reduces the risk of future decompensations. Experts have concluded that in HF patients with acute decompensation, a left ventricular ejection fraction of < 50% and ID, Intravenous ferric carboxymaltose reduces future HF hospitalisations. Patients with stable HF may also benefit from treatment of ID to improve quality of life and alleviate symptoms. It is, therefore, reasonable to screen for and treat ID in patients with HF.
Effects of sunlight exclusion on leaf gas exchange, berry composition, and wine flavour profile of Cabernet-Sauvignon from the foot of the north side of Mount Tianshan and a semi-arid continental climate
Authors: Lu Hao-Cheng , Wei Wei , Wang Yu , Duan Chang-Qing , Chen Wu , Li Shu-De , Wang Jun 
Published: May 2021

Canopy shading is a widely used viticultural strategy for mitigating early grape berry ripening caused by global warming. In this study, we covered half of the canopy with a black shade cloth from the pea-size stage to harvest. In the fruit zone, canopy shade treatment (ST) reduced daily average solar radiation by about 74.6 % compared to the untreated control (UC), and significantly reduced daily average temperature. ST leaves were found to have lower net assimilation rates and higher internal CO2 concentration than in UC, which resulted in reduced yield, bunch weight, cane starch and berry total soluble solids. A delayed development stage was found in ST berries which had lower pH and higher titratable acid than UC. ST increased both berry and wine anthocyanin concentration while significantly decreasing flavonol concentration. ST wines had higher concentrations of a number of ester compounds and β-damascenone than UC wines, thus significantly enhancing the floral and fruity aroma of ST wines. Higher C6/C9 and fatty acids concentrations in ST berries may have caused higher ester concentrations in ST wines. The results showed significant effects on metabolites in berries and wines caused by canopy shade.