bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioerosion on Late Pleistocene Marine Mollusks: A Paleoclimatological and Paleoecological Comparison of MIS 7 and MIS 5e with Modern Beaches (Río Negro, Argentina)
Authors: CHARÓ Melisa P. , CHARÓ Gisela D. , ACEÑOLAZA Guillermo , CAVALLOTTO Jose L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Late Pleistocene littoral ridges of southern South America, especially those of the north of Argentinean Patagonia, contain remains of mollusk shells with bioerosion traces. Eleven sites from marine isotope stages (2 from MIS 7, 4 from MIS 5e) and five sites from modern beaches from northern Río Negro Province, with 40 taxa (17 bivalves and 23 gastropods) were analyzed, in the area between west of Baliza San Matías and Las Grutas (41°S). Three ichnogenera were identified in deposits of MIS 7:Entobia, Gastrochaenolites(Domichnia) andOichnus(Praedichnia) with one ichnospecies (G. torpedo). Six ichnogenera were identified in deposits of MIS 5e:Entobia, Meandropolydora, Pinaceocladichnus, Iramena, CaulostrepsisandOichnuswith one ichnospecies (O. simplex). Seven ichnogenera were identified from modern beaches:Entobia, Meandropolydora, Iramena, Caulostrepsis, Pinaceocladichnus, Gastrochaenolites(Domichnia) andOichnus(Praedicnia), with two ichnospecies (O. simplexandO. paraboloides). On this basis, it is inferred that Pleistocene benthic communities were constituted from cheilostome bryzoans and polychaete annelids, together with drilling bivalves, predatory gastropods and overall warm‐water species of mollusks. Of these,Chama iudicaiwas found onPlicatula gibbosafrom MIS 7 and MIS 5e. The record of warm temperature species suggests a higher sea surface temperature (SST) than the present one and/or the influence of the warm southward Brazilian Current affecting the waters of Golfo San Matías. On the modern beaches surveyed, there is an increase in polychaete annelids, cheilostome bryzoans, temperate‐cold species and drilling bivalves, as well as sandy substrate species, which together with an increase ofGastrochaenolitesandCaulostrepsis, suggest a colder climate due to the greater influence of the Malvinas Current during the Holocene.
Biostratigraphy, Depositional and Diagenetic Processes in Carbonate Rocks from Southern Lebanon: Impact on Porosity and Permeability
Authors: JANJUHAH Hammad Tariq , SANJUAN Josep , ALQUDAH Mohammad , SALAH Mohamed K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCarbonate rocks contain prolific hydrocarbon reserves all over the world, particularly in the Middle East. For exploration and production strategies, it is essential to understand carbonate reservoirs in terms of their internal characteristics, depositional environment, relative age, diagenetic processes and impact on petrophysical properties. This study has been performed on exposed Cretaceous, Paleocene and Miocene marine carbonate sedimentary sequences in two localities (Maghdoucheh and Qennarit) near the city of Sidon (Southern Lebanon). It represents the first comprehensive study that takes into consideration the carbonate reservoir facies, diagenetic history and reservoir quality in the area. Rocks at Maghdoucheh are mainly dominated by limestone beds showing sedimentary structures and erosive bases alternating with microfossil‐rich silty marls, related to a shallowing upward sequence in a restricted marine platform environment. Shells of benthic foraminifera and mollusks dominate the fossil assemblage extracted from the studied rocks. The microfossil and nannofossil assemblage detected in the Maghdoucheh sections indicates a middle Miocene age. Rocks at Qennarit are composed of mudstone/wackestone limestone beds rich in planktonic foraminifera and nannofossils related to open marine conditions. Based on the nannofossil content, rocks from Qennarit 1 and 2 are Paleocene and Cretaceous in age, respectively. Four main types of microfacies have been identified, i.e. (1) microbioclastic peloidal calcisiltite, (2) pelagic lime mudstone and wackestone with planktonic microfossils, (3) grainstone/packstone with abundant foraminifera and (4) fenestral bindstones, mudstones and packstones with porostromate microstructures. The porosity‐permeability (poroperm) analysis of representative samples reveals moderate to good porosity but very low permeability. This is mainly due to the presence of large moldic pores that are isolated in nature. The diagenetic features are dominated by micritization and dissolution (both fabric selective and non‐fabric selective). Among all diagenetic features, dissolution in both localities contributes to porosity enhancement, while micritization, cementation, compaction and the filled fractures have negative impacts on permeability; hence the overall reservoir quality.
Geochemical Investigation of the Cretaceous Crude Oil Reservoirs and Source Rock Samples in One of the Abadan Plain Oilfields, SW Iran
Authors: ASADI MEHMANDOSTI Elham , AMIRHOSEYNI Mahnaz , MOALLEMI Seyed Ali , HABIBI Azizollah 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCrude oil and source rock samples from one of the main oilfields of the Abadan Plain, Zagros, Iran were analyzed geochemically. Rock‐Eval pyrolysis was conducted on Kazhdumi (Upper Cretaceous) and Gadvan (Lower Cretaceous) formations, which are the probable source rocks for the oil in the region. The results indicated that the Kazhdumi Formation can be classified as a fair‐to‐excellent source rock, while the Gadvan Formation can be identified as having poor‐to‐good source rock in the basin. Based on the cross‐plots of HI versus OI and S2 versus TOC, types II and III kerogen were identified from studied source samples in the area. Determination of the main fraction percentages of the Sarvak and Fahliyan crude oils represented that the oils from the Sarvak reservoir are paraffinic‐naphthenic and aromatic‐intermediate, whilst that from the Fahliyan reservoir is paraffinic and paraffinic‐naphthenic. Biomarker ratios of the saturated fractions of oil from both reservoirs indicate that the source rocks formed in reducing marine environments with carbonate‐shale lithology. Furthermore, biomarker data helped to distinguish the degree of biodegradation in the studied oils. According to geochemical analysis, oil samples from the Fahliyan reservoir were generated at a higher thermal maturity than the Sarvak reservoir samples.
Does board gender diversity reduce ‘CEO luck’?
Authors: Ongsakul Viput , Jaroenjitrkam Anutchanat , Treepongkaruna Sirimon , Jiraporn Pornsit 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe explore the role of female directors in mitigating CEO luck. CEOs are ‘lucky’ when they receive stock option grants on days when the stock price is the lowest in the month of the grant, implying opportunistic timing. Our results show that board gender diversity significantly deters the opportunistic timing of option grants. The effect of board gender diversity is 17.19 percent stronger than that of board independence in reducing CEO luck. Board gender diversity plays an effective governance role, even more effective than board independence does. Our results support the benefits of board gender diversity in mitigating the agency cost.
The association between sonographic fetal head circumference, obstetric anal sphincter injury and mode of delivery: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Nelson Philippa , Nugent Rachael 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundThere is no consensus to the implications of an increased sonographic fetal head circumference (HC) and its impact on delivery.AimTo examine if there is any association between sonographic fetal HC, obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASIS) and mode of delivery.Materials and MethodsA retrospective cohort study of term, singleton births between April 2017 and March 2019 at a large regional hospital in Australia with a third trimester ultrasound. Logistic regressions were performed investigating sonographic fetal HC and additional risk factors for OASIS. Further multinomial logistic regressions assessed the relationship between the sonographic HC and mode of delivery. Odds ratios and their 95% CIs were reported.ResultsOf 667 eligible women, 487 (73%) had vaginal births, with 32 (6.6%) sustaining an OASIS and 180 (27%) had caesarean sections (CS). The sonographic fetal HC did not show an association with OASIS (odds ratio 1.005; CI 0.99–1.01, P = 0.447). A statistically significant association (P < 0.05) with OASIS was found with Asian ethnicity (4.38; 1.5–11.32), prolonged second stage (≥2 h) (4.26; 1.57–10.49) and occiput posterior position (4.01; 1.08–11.92). For women with a sonographic fetal HC ≥ 90th percentile, the odds of having CS compared to a spontaneous vaginal birth are 2.77 (95% CI: 1.36, 5.62; P = 0.005) times higher than those who have a HC < 90th percentile.ConclusionThis study does not support the use of sonographic fetal HC in assessing a woman’s risk of sustaining an OASIS. Sonographic fetal HC is associated with mode of delivery.
Child temperament predicts maternal socialization values
Authors: Tamm Anni , Tulviste Tiia , Börnhorst Claudia , Konstabel Kenn 
Published: March 2021

The longitudinal study examined whether and how children’s temperament traits in particular but also their age, sex as well as maternal education and age predict maternal socialization values. The sample was drawn from the IDEFICS study and included 567 mothers from Estonia whose children were 2–9 years old at Time 0 and 4–11 years old at Time 1. The findings showed that children’s temperament at Time 0 predicted maternal socialization values at Time 1, but not vice versa. Mothers who perceived their child to be more imaginative at Time 0 considered self‐maximization socialization values more important and social conformity‐related values less important at Time 1. Child’s conscientiousness and extraversion were linked positively to social conformity‐related socialization values. Older mothers and those with higher level of education put more emphasis on self‐maximization socialization values. Children’s age and sex were not related to socialization values.
Mantle cell lymphoma – advances in molecular biology, prognostication and treatment approaches
Authors: Silkenstedt Elisabeth , Linton Kim , Dreyling Martin 
Published: March 2021

SummaryMantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is clinically characterised by its heterogenous behaviour with courses ranging from indolent cases that do not require therapy for years to highly aggressive MCL with a very limited prognosis. A better understanding of the complex biology of MCL has already led to the approval of several innovative agents, expanding the landscape of MCL therapies and improving therapeutic options especially for refractory/relapsed (R/R) disease.Nevertheless, to further optimise MCL treatment, early identification of individual risk profile and risk‐adapted, patient‐tailored choice of therapeutic strategy needs to be prospectively incorporated into clinical patient management. The present review highlights recent advances in deciphering the molecular background of MCL, the definition of prognostically relevant factors and the identification of potential druggable targets and summarises current treatment recommendations for primary and R/R MCL including novel targeted therapies.
Identification and characterization of novel candidate compounds targeting 6‐ and 7‐transmembrane μ‐opioid receptor isoforms
Authors: Muralidharan Arjun , Samoshkin Alexander , Convertino Marino , Piltonen Marjo Hannele , Gris Pavel , Wang Jian , Jiang Changyu , Klares Richard , Linton Alexander , Ji Ru‐Rong , Maixner William , Dokholyan Nikolay V. , Mogil Jeffrey S. , Diatchenko Luda 
Published: March 2021

Background and PurposeThe μ‐opioid receptor (μ receptor) is the primary target for opioid analgesics. The 7‐transmembrane (TM) and 6TM μ receptor isoforms mediate inhibitory and excitatory cellular effects. Here, we developed compounds selective for 6TM‐ or 7TM‐μ receptors to further our understanding of the pharmacodynamic properties of μ receptors.Experimental ApproachWe performed virtual screening of the ZINC Drug Now library of compounds using in silico 7TM‐ and 6TM‐μ receptor structural models and identified potential compounds that are selective for 6TM‐ and/or 7TM‐μ receptors. Subsequently, we characterized the most promising candidate compounds in functional in vitro studies using Be2C neuroblastoma transfected cells, behavioural in vivo pain assays using various knockout mice and in ex vivo electrophysiology studies.Key ResultsOur virtual screen identified 30 potential candidate compounds. Subsequent functional in vitro cellular assays shortlisted four compounds (#5, 10, 11 and 25) that demonstrated 6TM‐ or 7TM‐μ receptor‐dependent NO release. In in vivo pain assays these compounds also produced dose‐dependent hyperalgesic responses. Studies using mice that lack specific opioid receptors further established the μ receptor‐dependent nature of identified novel ligands. Ex vivo electrophysiological studies on spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents in isolated spinal cord slices also validated the hyperalgesic properties of the most potent 6TM‐ (#10) and 7TM‐μ receptor (#5) ligands.Conclusion and ImplicationsOur novel compounds represent a new class of ligands for μ receptors and will serve as valuable research tools to facilitate the development of opioids with significant analgesic efficacy and fewer side‐effects.
Volcanic events‐related hydrothermal dolomitisation and silicification controlled by intra‐cratonic strike‐slip fault systems: Insights from the northern slope of the Tazhong Uplift, Tarim Basin, China
Authors: Wei Duan , Gao Zhiqian , Fan Tailiang , Niu Yongbin , Guo Ruixin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOrdovician carbonate rocks on the northern slope of the Tazhong Uplift in the Tarim Basin are modified to varying degrees by hydrothermal fluids related to multiple tectonic‐thermal events, but the nature, origin and circulation mechanisms of such hydrothermal fluids remain debated. In this article, in situ rare‐earth elements and yttrium (REE + Y) concentrations, previously published geochemical datasets and petrographic investigations are integrated to develop a thermo‐tectonic evolution model to improve understanding of silicification and dolomitisation occurring in the interior of the craton basin. δ30Si values, REE + Y ratios and fluid mixing models using modern black smoker fluid and seawater indicate that magma‐sourced hydrothermal fluids, rather than basinal brine heated by magmatism, are responsible for the precipitation of cherts. Petrological and geochemical evidence suggests that deep‐seated, ultramafic‐derived hydrothermal fluids and/or magmatic fluids associated with Permian volcanism may have been involved in the formation of hydrothermal dolomites in the study area. Accompanying formation and reactivation of the strike‐slip faults on the northern slope of the Tazhong Uplift, small volumes of hydrothermal fluids might have been triggered by seismic pumping. The early formed strike‐slip fault systems may also have served as conduits for the subsequent large‐scale transport of deep‐seated, ultramafic‐derived thermal fluids and/or Permian magmatic fluids, along which fluids were transported upwards at high flow rates. Carbonation of ultramafic rocks through interaction with deep‐seated hydrothermal fluids rich in CO2 may have served as a magnesium and silica source for dolomitisation and silicification. Trans‐tensional troughs on NNE‐trending strike‐slip faults with positive flower structure are favourable locations for dolomitisation and silicification.
The Pulmonary Metastasectomy in Colorectal Cancer cohort study: Analysis of case selection, risk factors and survival in a prospective observational study of 512 patients
Authors: Treasure Tom , Farewell Vernon , Macbeth Fergus , Batchelor Tim , Milošević Mišel , King Juliet , Zheng Yan , Leonard Pauline , Williams Norman R. , Brew‐Graves Chris , Fallowfield Lesley ,   the PulMiCCinvestigators
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimWe wanted to examine survival in patients with resected colorectal cancer (CRC) whose lung metastases are or are not resected.MethodsTeams participating in the study of Pulmonary Metastasectomy in Colorectal Cancer (PulMiCC) identified potential candidates for lung metastasectomy and invited their consent to join Stage 1. Baseline data related to CRC and fitness for surgery were collected. Eligible patients were invited to consent for randomization in the PulMiCC randomized controlled trial (Stage 2). Sites were provided with case report forms for non‐randomized patients to record adverse events and death at any time. They were all reviewed at 1 year. Baseline and survival data were analysed for the full cohort.ResultsTwenty‐five clinical sites recruited 512 patients from October 2010 to January 2017. Data collection closed in October 2020. Before analysis, 28 patients with non‐CRC lung lesions were excluded and three had withdrawn consent leaving 481. The date of death was known for 292 patients, 136 were alive in 2020 and 53 at earlier time points. Baseline factors and 5‐year survival were analysed in three strata: 128 non‐randomized patients did not have metastasectomy; 263 had elective metastasectomy; 90 were from the randomized trial. The proportions of solitary metastases for electively operated and non‐operated patients were 69% and 35%. Their respective 5‐year survivals were 47% and 22%.ConclusionSurvival without metastasectomy was greater than widely presumed. Difference in survival appeared to be largely related to selection. No inference can be drawn about the effect of metastasectomy on survival in this observational study.
Risk and consequences of dehydration following colorectal cancer resection with diverting ileostomy. A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Borucki Joseph P. , Schlaeger Sarah , Crane Jasmine , Hernon James M. , Stearns Adam T. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimThis systematic review aims to assess dehydration prevalence and dehydration‐related morbidity from diverting ileostomy compared to resections without ileostomy formation in adults undergoing colorectal resection for cancer.MethodMEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for studies of any design that reported dehydration, renal function and dehydration‐related morbidity in adult colorectal cancer patients with diverting ileostomy (last search 12 August 2020). Bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomized trials and the Risk of Bias in Non‐randomized Studies of Interventions tool.ResultsOf 1927 screened papers, 22 studies were included (21 cohort studies and one randomized trial) with a total of 19 485 patients (12 209 with ileostomy). The prevalence of dehydration was 9.00% (95% CI 5.31–13.45, P < 0.001). The relative risk of dehydration following diverting ileostomy was 3.37 (95% CI 2.30–4.95, P < 0.001). Three studies assessing long‐term trends in renal function demonstrated progressive renal impairment persisting beyond the initial insult. Consequences identified included unplanned readmission, delay or non‐commencement of adjuvant chemotherapy, and development of chronic kidney disease.DiscussionSignificant dehydration is common following diverting ileostomy; it is linked to acute kidney injury and has a long‐term impact on renal function. This study suggests that ileostomy confers significant morbidity particularly related to dehydration and renal impairment.
The role of alcohol use in the aetiology and progression of liver disease: A narrative review and a quantification
Authors: Rehm Jürgen , Patra Jayadeep , Brennan Alan , Buckley Charlotte , Greenfield Thomas K. , Kerr William C. , Manthey Jakob , Purshouse Robin C. , Rovira Pol , Shuper Paul A. , Shield Kevin D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIssuesAlcohol use has been shown to impact on various forms of liver disease, not restricted to alcoholic liver disease.ApproachWe developed a conceptual framework based on a narrative review of the literature to identify causal associations between alcohol use and various forms of liver disease including the complex interactions of alcohol with other major risk factors. Based on this framework, we estimate the identified relations for 2017 for the USA.Key FindingsThe following pathways were identified and modelled for the USA for the year 2017. Alcohol use caused 35 200 (95% uncertainty interval 32 800–37 800) incident cases of alcoholic liver cirrhosis. There were 1700 (uncertainty interval 1100–2500) acute hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV) infections attributable to heavy‐drinking occasions, and 14 000 (uncertainty interval 5900–19 500) chronic HBV and 1700 (uncertainty interval 700–2400) chronic HCV infections due to heavy alcohol use interfering with spontaneous clearance. Alcohol use and its interactions with other risk factors (HBV, HCV, obesity) led to 54 500 (uncertainty interval 50 900–58 400) new cases of liver cirrhosis. In addition, alcohol use caused 6600 (uncertainty interval 4200–9300) liver cancer deaths and 40 700 (uncertainty interval 36 600–44 600) liver cirrhosis deaths.ImplicationsAlcohol use causes a substantial number of incident cases and deaths from chronic liver disease, often in interaction with other risk factors.ConclusionThis additional disease burden is not reflected in the current alcoholic liver disease categories. Clinical work and prevention policies need to take this into consideration.
Towards robust statistical inference for complex computer models
Authors: Oberpriller Johannes , Cameron David R. , Dietze Michael C. , Hartig Florian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEcologists increasingly rely on complex computer simulations to forecast ecological systems. To make such forecasts precise, uncertainties in model parameters and structure must be reduced and correctly propagated to model outputs. Naively using standard statistical techniques for this task, however, can lead to bias and underestimation of uncertainties in parameters and predictions. Here, we explain why these problems occur and propose a framework for robust inference with complex computer simulations. After having identified that model error is more consequential in complex computer simulations, due to their more pronounced nonlinearity and interconnectedness, we discuss as possible solutions data rebalancing and adding bias corrections on model outputs or processes during or after the calibration procedure. We illustrate the methods in a case study, using a dynamic vegetation model. We conclude that developing better methods for robust inference of complex computer simulations is vital for generating reliable predictions of ecosystem responses.