bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aligning Quality Assurance Requirements and Water Quality Monitoring Goals
Authors: Eaton Andy , Burlingame Gary 
Published: November 2021

Key TakeawaysIncreasingly rigid quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) requirements can negatively affect protection of public health for treatment technique rules (TTRs).Hold times for chlorine and pH could be lengthened using a data quality objective (DQO) approach.Parameters that monitor process control need to be better balanced regarding the desire for more robust monitoring and the need for more defensible data.Significant conflicts arise between QA/QC requirements and water quality protection, and use of DQOs could help realign TTR method with purpose.
Water Consumption and Utility Revenues at the Start of a Pandemic: Insights From 11 Utilities
Authors: Smull Erika , Eastman Lucas , Patterson Lauren , Doyle Martin 
Published: November 2021

Key TakeawaysEleven utilities from across the United States were studied to understand the pandemic's effects on water consumption and utility revenues.Most utilities in the study saw an overall increase in water consumption with a rise in residential demand that offset declines in nonresidential demand.Most utilities in the study experienced increased revenues in 2020 compared with previous years, largely due to rate increases, inclining block rates, and an unusually warm summer.Water utilities’ ability to adjust to fluctuating demand and changing revenue patterns is a testament to their sound financial practices.
The pncA gene mutations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in multidrug‐resistant tuberculosis
Authors: Mahmood Nasir , Bhatti Sadia , Abbas Shahzada Nadeem , Shahid Saman , Nasir Sarah Bushra 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe pncA gene encodes pyrazinamidase enzyme which converts drug pyrazinamide to active form pyrazinoic acid, but mutations in this gene can prevent enzyme activity which leads to pyrazinamide resistance. The cross‐sectional study was carried out during 2016–2017 for 12 months. The purpose of the study was to detect mutation at codon 12 and codon 85 in the pncA gene in local multidrug‐resistant tuberculosis (MDR‐TB) patients by developing a simple molecular test so that disease could be detected timely in the local population. DNA extracted from sputum‐cultured samples from MDR‐TB patients and subjected to semi‐multiplex allele‐specific PCR by using self‐designed primers against the pncA gene. Among 75 samples, 53 samples were subjected to molecular analysis based on purified DNA quantity and quality. The primers produced 250 and 480 bp fragments, indicating the mutations at codon 12 (aspartate to alanine) and codon 85 (leucine to proline) respectively. MDR‐TB was more common in the age group 21–40 years. Fifty‐seven percent of samples (n = 30) were found positive for pncA mutations, whereas 43% of samples (n = 23) showed negative results. Thirteen percent of samples (n = 4) had mutations at codon 12 in which aspartate was converted to alanine, and they produced an amplified product of 480 bp. Eighty‐seven percent of samples (n = 26) had mutations at codon 85 in which leucine was converted to proline and amplified product size was 250 bp. The mutations were simple nucleotide substitutions. The prevalence of mutations in which leucine was substituted by proline was higher than the mutations in which aspartate was substituted by alanine. A high prevalence of substitution mutation (CTG → CCG; leucine to proline) was detected in MDR‐TB cases. Earlier detection of MDR‐TB via an effective molecular diagnostic method can control the MDR tuberculosis spread in the population.
The University of California at Los Angeles‐Young Autism Project: A systematic review of replication studies
Authors: Nicolosi Michael , Dillenburger Karola 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe University of California at Los Angeles‐Young Autism Project (UCLA‐YAP) provides one of the best known and most researched comprehensive applied behavior analysis‐based intervention models for young children on the autism spectrum. This paper reports a systematic literature review of replication studies over more than 30 years. The data show that the relatively high‐intensity UCLA‐YAP model can be greatly beneficial for children on the autism spectrum, particularly with regards to their cognitive functioning and adaptive behavior. This review concludes that, while more research is always welcome, the impact of the UCLA‐YAP model on autism interventions is justified by more than 30 years of outcome evidence.
Multiagent evacuation framework for a virtual fire emergency scenario based on generative adversarial imitation learning
Authors: Zhou Wen , Jiang Wenying , Jie Biao , Bian Weixin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOne of the most common solutions for the prevention of fire accidents is to conduct extensive fire evacuation drills in crowded places. However, there are multiple salient advantages to using virtual reality technology to simulate emergency solutions, for instance, saving costs and greatly decreasing uncertain risks or accidents. Therefore, in this article, a multiagent evacuation framework for complex virtual fire scenarios is proposed and effectively used to simulate a multiagent evacuation procedure to approximate the goal of fire drills in a less costly manner. Specifically, the concept of a multihierarchy agent group model is proposed; that is, the evacuation of multiple agents is separated into leader‐follower and freedom modes. Additionally, several complex actions of individual humans in actual fire drills are fully considered, and a multiaction agent schema is presented to characterize the associated real effects. In addition, generative adversarial imitation learning is adopted to obtain the evacuation path of the leader‐agent by training numerous learning epochs. Finally, extensive experiments are conducted to validate the feasibility of our proposed method. The results show that the proposed method is superior to other methods and that it realistically and reasonably shows the procedure of multiagent evacuation in complex fire emergency scenarios.
Iterative Alanine Scanning Mutagenesis Confers Aromatic Ketone Specificity and Activity of L‐Amine Dehydrogenases
Authors: Mu Xiaoqing , Wu Tao , Mao Yong , Zhao Yilei , Xu Yan , Nie Yao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDirect reductive amination of prochiral ketones catalyzed by amine dehydrogenases is attractive in the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Here, we report the protein engineering of L‐Bacillus cereus amine dehydrogenase to allow reactivity on synthetically useful aromatic ketone substrates using an iterative, multiple‐site alanine scanning mutagenesis approach. Mutagenesis libraries based on molecular docking, iterative alanine scanning, and double‐proximity filter approach significantly expand the scope of active pharmaceutical ingredients relevant building blocks. The eventual quintuple mutant (A115G/T136A/L42A/V296A/V293A) showed reactivity toward aromatic ketones 12 a (5‐phenyl‐pentan‐2‐one) and 13 a (6‐phenyl‐hexan‐2‐one), which have not been reported to serve as targets of reductive amination by currently available amine dehydrogenases. Docking simulation and tunnel analysis provided valuable insights into the source of the acquired specificity and activity.
Anode Electrodeposition of Fe/Fe3O4 composite on Carbon Fabric as a Negative Electrode for Flexible Ni−Fe Batteries
Authors: Zhu Jie , Zhang Qian , Yang Sudong , Chen Lin , Zhao Peng , Yan Qiang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe nickel‐iron (Ni−Fe) battery is a competitive alternative for electrochemical energy storage, owning to its low cost, high safety, and strong auto‐adaptive ability. However, the self‐discharge and passivation of the negative electrode are the two main issues. In this work, a rock‐like Fe/Fe3O4 composite is synthesized and deposited on carbon fabric (Fe/Fe3O4@CF) by facile electrodeposition and annealing technologies to serve as a binder‐free anode, which exhibits a large areal capacity of 0.466 mAh cm−2 and long‐term cycling durability. Moreover, the flexible device is assembled by employing Fe/Fe3O4@CF‐750 as anode and Ni(OH)2@CF as cathode. The above battery displays an enhanced operating voltage up to 1.7 V, impressive mechanical flexibility, outstanding cycling stability (86.2 % retention of initial value over 6000 charge‐discharge cycles), and satisfactory voluminal capacity of 1.33 mAh cm−3, indicating its potential application for energy supply systems of modern wearable electronics.
Synthesis of Extra‐Large Pore, Large Pore and Medium Pore Zeolites Using a Small Imidazolium Cation as the Organic Structure‐Directing Agent
Authors: Gao Zihao Rei , Balestra Salvador R. G. , Li Jian , Camblor Miguel A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOne common strategy in the search for new zeolites is the use of organic structure‐directing agents (OSDA). Typically, one seeks to achieve a high specificity in the structure‐directing effect of the OSDA. This study shows, however, that an OSDA lacking strong specificity towards any particular zeolite may provide opportunities for discovery when other synthesis parameters are systematically screened. Thus, 1‐methyl‐2‐ethyl‐3‐n‐propylimidazolium has allowed to crystallize the new large/medium pore zeolite HPM‐16 as well as the recently reported extra‐large pore ‐SYT and the medium/small pore and chiral STW. The sophisticated OSDA originally affording ‐SYT and the new simple OSDA have very little in common, both in terms of size, shape and flexibility, while both may still direct the synthesis of the same zeolite. In fact, molecular simulations show that the new OSDA is located in three different positions of the ‐SYT structure, including the discrete 8MR where the original organic could not fit.
Regulating Interfacial Lithium Ion by Artificial Protective Overlayers for High‐Performance Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Ye Lei , Liao Meng , Wang Bingjie , Peng Huisheng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe main limitation of lithium (Li) metal anodes lies in their severe dendrite growth due to nonuniform Li+ flux and sluggish Li+ transportation at the anode surface. Fabricating artificial protective overlayer with tunable surficial properties on Li metal is a precise and effective strategy to relieve this problem. In this Concept article, we focus on the basic principles of regulating interfacial Li+ through artificial protective overlayers and summarize the material preparation as well as structural design of these overlayers. The remaining challenges and promising directions of artificial protective overlayers are then highlighted to provide clues for the practical application of Li metal anodes.
Trends in breast cancer incidence rates by race/ethnicity: Patterns by stage, socioeconomic position, and geography in the United States, 1999‐2017
Authors: Kaur Maneet , Joshu Corinne E. , Visvanathan Kala , Connor Avonne E. 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundThe incidence rate of breast cancer has been increasing over time across race/ethnicity in the United States. It is unclear whether these trends differ among stage, poverty, and geography subgroups.MethodsUsing data from the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries, this study estimated trends in age‐adjusted breast cancer incidence rates among women aged 50 to 84 years from 1999 to 2017 by race/ethnicity (non‐Hispanic Black, non‐Hispanic White, and Hispanic) and across subgroups (stage, county‐level poverty, county urban/rural status, and geographic region [West, Midwest, South, and Northeast]).ResultsFrom 2004 to 2017, breast cancer incidence rates increased across race/ethnicity and subgroups, with the greatest average annual percent increases observed for non‐Hispanic Black women, overall (0.9%) and those living in lower poverty areas (0.8%), rural areas (1.2%), and all regions except the West (0.8%‐1.0%). Stronger increases among non‐Hispanic Black women were observed for local‐stage disease and for some subgroups of distant‐stage disease. Non‐Hispanic Black women had the smallest decrease in regional‐stage disease across most subgroups. Similarly, Hispanic women had the strongest increases in some subgroups, including areas with higher poverty (0.6%‐1.2%) and in the West (0.8%), for local‐ and distant‐stage disease.ConclusionsThese trends highlight concerns for an increasing burden of breast cancer among subpopulations, with some already experiencing disparate breast cancer mortality rates, and they highlight the need for targeted breast cancer prevention and efforts to reduce mortality disparities in areas with increasing incidence.
An Interprofessional Student‐Run Medication Review Program: The Clinical STOPP/START‐Based Outcomes of a Controlled Clinical Trial in a Geriatric Outpatient Clinic
Authors: Sultan Rowan , van den Beukel Tessa O. , Reumerman Michael O. , Daelmans Hester E. M. , Springer Hans , Grijmans Els , Muller Majon , Richir Milan C. , van Agtmael Michiel A. , Tichelaar Jelle 
Published: November 2021

As the population ages, more people will have comorbid disorders and polypharmacy. Medication should be reviewed regularly in order to avoid adverse drug reactions and medication‐related hospital visits, but this is often not done. As part of our student‐run clinic project, we investigated whether an interprofessional student‐run medication review program (ISP) added to standard care at a geriatric outpatient clinic leads to better prescribing. In this controlled clinical trial, patients visiting a memory outpatient clinic were allocated to standard care (control group) or standard care plus the ISP team (intervention group). The medications of all patients were reviewed by a review panel (“gold standard”), resident, and in the intervention arm also by an ISP team consisting of a group of students from the medicine and pharmacy faculties and students from the higher education school of nursing for advanced nursing practice. For both groups, the number of STOPP/START‐based medication changes mentioned in general practitioner (GP) correspondence and the implementation of these changes about 6 weeks after the outpatient visit were investigated. The data of 216 patients were analyzed (control group = 100, intervention group = 116). More recommendations for STOPP/START‐based medication changes were made in the GP correspondence in the intervention group than in the control group (43% vs. 24%, P = < 0.001). After 6 weeks, a significantly higher proportion of these changes were implemented in the intervention group (19% vs. 9%, P = 0.001). The ISP team, in addition to standard care, is an effective intervention for optimizing pharmacotherapy and medication safety in a geriatric outpatient clinic.
Soil water storage and maize (Zea mays L.) yield under straw return and tillage practices
Authors: Dong Fei , Yan Qiuyan , Wu Linjia , Yang Feng , Wang Juanling , Zhang Jiancheng , Yan Shuangdui 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIncorporating returned straw with tillage practices during the fallow period may be crucial for yield increase of dryland maize (Zea mays L.) by improving soil water storage. Field experiments were conducted over 3 yr (2016–2019) to investigate the effects of four treatments (CK, no‐till with crushed straw left on the ground; RT, rotary tillage with crushed straw mixed into the 0‐to‐20‐cm soil layer; DP, deep ploughing with crushed straw mixed into the 30‐to‐35‐cm soil layer; SM, no‐till with whole straw mulched on the surface) on soil water storage, yield and its components, and water use efficiency (WUE) of dryland maize in northern China. Compared with CK, the yield of RT, DP, and SM treatments increased by 2.3 to 68.3, 22.8 to 126.1% and 9.3 to 119.8%, respectively, during the 3 yr. The most significant increase was obtained in the drier year of 2019, though yields were lowest overall that year. The DP treatment had greater water storage in the upper soil layer (0–100 cm) in all 3 yr, followed by SM and RT. The average increment of precipitation use efficiency and WUE under RT, DP, and SM was 25.4, 58.6, and 48.6 and 20.7, 31.6, and 29.9%, respectively. The results indicated that numerically higher yield components and yields of dryland maize were observed upon DP and SM. Thus, these two practices (DP and SM) could be suitable field management choices to promote water storage and production of dryland maize in the northern China.
Aqueous‐Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent‐Enhanced 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural Production from Glucose, Starch, and Food Wastes
Authors: Zuo Miao , Wang Xinyu , Wang Qian , Zeng Xianhai , Lin Lu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) has been regarded as an essential building block for synthesizing chemicals and biofuels, but the direct conversion of biomass to HMF is still a critical challenge. In this study, a cheap and green aqueous‐natural deep eutectic solvent (A‐NADES) was used to efficiently produce HMF from various carbohydrates, with a low amount of SnCl4 as the catalyst. High HMF yields of 64.3, 64.0, 61.3, and 54.5 % were obtained from glucose, starch, rice waste, and bread waste at 130 °C in the A‐NADES/MIBK (methyl isobutyl ketone) biphasic system, respectively. Mechanistic study results revealed that the water in A‐NADES was the key factor in facilitating the conversion of Sn atom existent forms and promoted the HMF production. The choline chloride in NADES stabilized the HMF product with the cooperation of extraction solvent MIBK and inhibited the side reactions of HMF. This study investigated the multiple interaction functions of A‐NADES to feedstocks and proposed a practical application of novel solvents to facilitate biomass and food waste conversion with a green method.
Mechanochemically‐Assisted Synthesis of Polyimides
Authors: Rensch Tilo , Fabig Sven , Grätz Sven , Borchardt Lars 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPolyimides were obtained in 99 % yield in under 1 h through the “beat and heat” approach, involving solvent‐free vibrational ball milling and a thermal treatment step. The influence of a plethora of additives was explored, such as Lewis acids, Lewis bases, and dehydrating agents, and the mechanochemical reaction was identified to run via a polyamic acid intermediate. The protocol was adopted to a range of substrates inaccessible through solution‐based processes, including perylene tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride and melamine. Furthermore, quantum chemical calculations were conducted to identify the water removal as the crucial step in the reaction mechanism. The presented method is substantially faster and more versatile than the solution‐based process.
Exercise Satiation: A novel theoretical conceptualization for problematic exercise observed in eating disorders
Authors: Barker Jessica L. , Kolar David , Lazzer Allison Spotts‐De , Keel Pamela K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractExercise Satiation is a novel theoretical conceptualization for problematic exercise often observed in eating disorders. Problematic exercise is present across the spectrum of eating disorder presentations and is a cardinal symptom of eating disorders that has been difficult to treat historically. Conceptualizing exercise in the context of Reward Satiation similar to other biological drives such as eating could provide new insights into the etiology, maintenance, and treatment of problematic exercise in eating disorders. Through this understanding, we may be able to provide and increase adherence to interventions that target these mechanisms and as such, reduce impairment associated with problematic exercise for those with eating disorders. Using the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework, we propose and discuss potential research avenues to explore Exercise Satiation in the context of eating disorders.
How does a wetland plant respond to increasing temperature along a latitudinal gradient?
Authors: Lindborg Regina , Ermold Matti , Kuglerová Lenka , Jansson Roland , Larson Keith W. , Milbau Ann , Cousins Sara A. O. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGlobal warming affects plant fitness through changes in functional traits and thereby ecosystem function. Wetlands are declining worldwide, and hence, ecosystem functions linked to wetlands are threatened. We use Caltha palustris “a common wetland plant” to study whether warming affects growth and reproduction differently depending on origin of source population, potentially affecting phenotypic response to local climate. We conducted a 2‐year in situ temperature manipulation experiment using clone pairs of C. palustris in four regions, along a 1300‐km latitudinal gradient of Sweden. Open‐top chambers were used to passively increase temperature, paired with controls. Growth and reproductive traits were measured from 320 plants (four regions × five sites × two treatments × eight plants) over two consecutive seasons to assess the effect of warming over time. We found that warming increased plant height, leaf area, number of leaves, and roots. High‐latitude populations responded more strongly to warming than low‐latitude populations, especially by increasing leaf area. Warming increased number of flowers in general, but only in the second year, while number of fruits increased in low‐latitude populations the first year. Prolonged warming leads to an increase in both number of leaves and flowers over time. While reproduction shows varying and regional responses to warming, impacts on plant growth, especially in high‐latitude populations, have more profound effects. Such effects could lead to changes in plant community composition with increased abundance of fast‐growing plants with larger leaves and more clones, affecting plant competition and ecological functions such as decomposition and nutrient retention. Effects of warming were highly context dependent; thus, we encourage further use of warming experiments to predict changes in growth, reproduction, and community composition across wetland types and climate gradients targeting different plant forms.
Wet–dry cycles on sandy and loessial Negev soils: Implications for biocrust establishment and growth?
Authors: Kidron Giora J. , Kronenfeld Rafael , Xiao Bo , Starinsky Abraham 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLong‐term field campaigns in the Negev observed wet–dry cycles (WDCs) following rain events, principally on sand. Aiming to assess the relevant mechanism (whether dewfall, water capillarity or distillation derived by temperature‐induced vapor flux [TIVF] which stems from the soil), a set of outdoor experiments was conducted on sand and loess. They included nonrainfall water (NRW) and temperature measurements during the rainless dry seasons (summer, fall) and during the winter, which was divided to a wet (following rain) and dry periods. Dew measurements were conducted on cloths, whether directly attached to the soil or located at 0.5 cm above ground, aiming to eliminate capillarity and assessing the possible contribution of dewfall and TIVF‐induced distillation. Our findings show that (a) WDCs were only observed following rainstorms, particularly on sand, (b) WDCs could not have been explained by capillarity (they continued at the presence of an air gap), (c) significantly lower minimum surface temperatures (averaging 0.8°C) characterized the sand, which following rainstorms resulted in higher NRW due to TIVF, that is, visibly noted WDCs. With sand being characterized by a lush cover of biocrusts in the Negev dunefields, while being largely absent from the loessial playas scattered within the dunefield, it is suggested that WDCs may play an important role in the establishment and growth of biocrusts over sand dunes of the Negev and possibly in other arid dunes.