bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postpopulismus und Demokratie in den USA
Authors: Buchstein Hubertus 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Die amerikanische Demokratie tritt nach der Wahl Joseph Bidens zum Präsidenten in das interessante Stadium des Postpopulismus. Die Chancen, dass die gesellschaftspolitischen Ursachen des Rechtspopulismus in Bidens Regierungszeit beseitigt werden können sind angesichts der verfassungsbedingten Restriktionen allerdings gering. Die Gefahr, dass es in einigen Jahren zu einem erneuten, aber diesmal erfolgreichen Versuch einer Subversion der liberalen Demokratie von oben durch eine neue rechtspopulistische Präsidentschaft kommen kann, ist somit nicht gebannt.
Characteristics and evaluation of the Upper Paleozoic source rocks in the Southern North China Basin
Authors: Sun Fengyu , Cao Gaoshe , Xing Zhou , Yu Shuangjie , Fang Bangbang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Upper Paleozoic coal measure strata in the Southern North China Basin have good potential for unconventional oil and gas exploration. However, there has been no systematic evaluation of potential source rock in this area; this affects the estimation of potential resources and the choice of exploratory target layers. In this study, full core holes ZK0901 and ZK0401, which perfectly reveal Upper Paleozoic strata in the study area, systematically collected and analyzed the samples for total organic carbon, rock pyrolysis, chloroform bitumen “A,” organic maceral, vitrinite reflectance, and kerogen carbon isotopes. The results showed that in addition to coal rocks, mudstones and carbonate rocks are also potential source rocks in the Upper Paleozoic strata. Vertically, the source rocks are continuous in Taiyuan Formation, the lower part of Shanxi Formation, and Lower Shihezi Formation. The organic matter type in the Upper Paleozoic coal rocks and mudstone source rock belong to type III or II. This phenomenon is mainly attributed to the special transgressive–regressive sedimentary environment of the carbonate rocks. The higher degree of thermal evolution in the Upper Paleozoic source rocks may be related to the structure or a higher paleogeothermal gradient in this area. The coal layer and its upper and lower mudstone of the Shanxi Formation and Lower Shihezi Formation are the main target layers of unconventional oil and gas exploration. The results from this study can be used as a reference for the study on potential source rock for unconventional oil and gas exploration in the Southern North China Basin.
Writing While Quarantined: A Personal Interpretation of Contemporary Comparative Constitutional Law
Authors: Tushnet Mark 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This Essay is a personal reflection on the state of scholarship in the field of comparative constitutional law. I draw parallels between the development of and reaction to ‘critical perspectives’ on domestic US comparative constitutional law today. I argue that the parallels have similar political roots, in concern that critical perspectives undermine the ability of constitutional law, whether domestic or comparative, to resist conservative and antiliberal tendencies. I conclude with some speculations about the source of the political commitments by scholars of comparative constitutional law, and in particular about the way the field’s overall cosmopolitanism affects scholarship on anti-cosmopolitan populisms.
The Constitutional Imaginary: Shared Meanings in Constitutional Practice and Implications for Constitutional Theory
Authors: Latham-Gambi Alexander 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this article, I seek to defend three main claims: Firstly, that the kinds of practices that are the object of study of constitutional theorists are undergirded by certain fundamental shared understandings. Secondly, that these shared understandings together form a rich fabric of meaning that is, broadly speaking, held in common across modern western societies, which I call the ‘constitutional imaginary’. Thirdly, that political institutions play a symbolic role as ‘repositories’ of shared understandings, which is crucial for the development, maintenance, propagation and evolution of the constitutional imaginary. On the basis of these claims, I propose a distinctive role for constitutional theory: the interpretation of the social meaning of political institutions and the actions and events that take place in and around them.
Construction of breather solutions and N-soliton for the higher order dimensional Caudrey–Dodd–Gibbon–Sawada–Kotera equation arising from wave patterns
Authors: Ismael Hajar F. , Seadawy Aly , Bulut Hasan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this research, we explore the dynamics of Caudrey–Dodd–Gibbon–Sawada–Kotera equations in (1 + 1)-dimension, such as N-soliton, and breather solutions. First, a logarithmic variable transform based on the Hirota bilinear method is defined, and then one, two, three and N-soliton solutions are constructed. A breather solution to the equation is also retrieved via N-soliton solutions. All the solutions that have been obtained are novel and plugged into the equation to guarantee their existence. 2-D, 3-D, contour plot and density plot are also presented.
The past is a future priority
Authors: Karlander David 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA sensitisation to the disciplinary past offers a way forward for sociolinguistic inquiry. Historicisation may add reflexive distance to our current concerns and debates. It may serve to detect, put into perspective and ease epistemological and ideational tensions. It is equally useful for determining the extent to which past ideas and practices linger among us, and for clarifying the effects of such forms of retention. Historicisation may be brought to bear on the ways in which we engage with our objects of study, and on the ways in which we understand our acts of engagement. A critical interest in the disciplinary past could provide a shared historical ground for all strands of sociolinguistic inquiry. It could help us to counteract disciplinary fragmentation, while at the same time stimulate disciplinary renewal and constructive exchange. For these reasons – I argue – a sensitisation to the history of sociolinguistics is of immediate relevance to the readership of the IJSL.
Unlearning the boundary-crossing constraint: processing instruction and the acquisition of motion event construal
Authors: Laws Jacqueline , Attwood Anthony , Treffers-Daller Jeanine 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study explores the effects of instruction on the acquisition of motion event construal among learners of English as a second language. The challenge for learners with Verb-framed first languages is that they need to ‘unlearn’ the boundary-crossing constraint and conflate manner and motion in the main verb, as inshe ran into the bank, however, there is little research on how this domain can be taught. We evaluate performance on story-telling productive tasks using three experimental treatments involving 1) an input-only approach based on the principles of Processing Instruction, 2) combined input and output training and 3) explicit information only about the target construction. The findings show that boundary-crossing constructions expressing manner can be taught and learning effects generalised to non-boundary-crossing structures not included in the training material. The effectiveness of input-only instruction persists over a two-week period, and compares positively with that of an input+output teaching package.
Personal Identity and the Hybrid View: A Middle Way
Authors: Noonan Harold W. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTwo of the main contenders in the debate about personal persistence over time are the neo-Lockean psychological continuity view and animalism as defended by Olson and Snowdon. Both are wrong. The position I shall argue for, which I call, following Olson, the hybrid view, takes (non-branching) psychological continuity as a sufficient but, pace the neo-Lockeans, not necessary condition for personal persistence. It sides with the animalist in allowing that mere (non-branching) biological continuity is also sufficient. So I am, in a sense, a psychological continuity theorist. But I am also in a sense, a biological theorist (or as Olson put it, a new animalist).
Prospects of light management in perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells
Authors: Jäger Klaus , Sutter Johannes , Hammerschmidt Martin , Schneider Philipp-Immanuel , Becker Christiane 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells are regarded as a promising candidate to surpass current efficiency limits in terrestrial photovoltaics. Tandem solar cell efficiencies meanwhile reach more than 29%. However, present high-end perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells still suffer from optical losses. We review recent numerical and experimental perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell studies and analyse the applied measures for light management. Literature indicates that highest experimental efficiencies are obtained using fully planar perovskite top cells, being in contradiction to the outcome of optical simulations calling for textured interfaces. The reason is that the preferred perovskite top cell solution-processing is often incompatible with usual micropyramidal textures of silicon bottom cells. Based on the literature survey, we propose a certain gentle nanotexture as an example to reduce optical losses in perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells. Optical simulations using the finite-element method reveal that an intermediate texture between top and bottom cell does not yield an optical benefit when compared with optimized planar designs. A double-side textured top-cell design is found to be necessary to reduce reflectance losses by the current density equivalent of 1 mA/cm2. The presented results illustrate a way to push perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell efficiencies beyond 30% by improved light management.
Gerotranszendenz oder Gerotranzendance – Imperative für Resilienz im höheren Lebensalter?
Authors: Janhsen Anna 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOlder Age comes along with a lot of different physical, psychological, and social changes. These changes might lead to specific challenges for wellbeing und life satisfaction of the elderly and the oldest old. Due to these specific challenges and present life issues general questions regarding the age-specific resources and forms of resilience come into play not only for health-related care. This article focusses the theories of gerotranscendence and of gerotranscendance. Both theories endeavor to take into account the specific situation of older age and at the same time address a way of becoming resilient in very old age. Abilities such as self-transcendence, a normatively imposed understanding of spirituality, and a feeling of cosmic connectedness, that should lead to a form of inner peace – even when facing one’s own finiteness, fragility and vulnerability – are discussed. By focusing on these two theories this article wants to contribute to the discourse on the relevance of spirituality for the resilience of people in older and oldest age. At the same time it intends to raise questions regarding general parameters for an age-friendly culture and care.
Mechanical and Chemical Properties Evaluation of Sheep Wool Fiber–Reinforced Vinylester and Polyester Composites
Authors: Bharath K. N. , Madhu P. , Yashas Gowda T. G. , Verma Akarsh , Sanjay M. R. , Siengchin Suchart 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The present research study focuses on some mechanical and chemical characterizations of sheep wool fabric–reinforced thermosetting polymeric matrix composites. Mechanical tests, such as tensile and bending tests, along with chemical tests, such as water absorption test, swelling test, and chemical absorption test of sheep wool fabric reinforced with 50% vinylester and 50% polyester composites, were deliberated under different operating conditions. The results affirm that the tensile and bending strength of sheep wool fiber laminate of vinylester composition have high strength compared to that of polyester-composed laminates. The moisture absorption as well as the chemical absorption properties are found to be greater in the case of vinylester-based laminates, indicating the better mechanical interlocking behavior between sheep wool fabric and vinylester matrix.
Vertebrate Evolution Conserves Hindbrain Circuits despite Diverse Feeding and Breathing Modes
Authors: Li Shun , Wang Fan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFeeding and breathing are two functions vital to the survival of all vertebrate species. Throughout the evolution, vertebrates living in different environments have evolved drastically different modes of feeding and breathing through using diversified orofacial and pharyngeal (oropharyngeal) muscles. The oropharyngeal structures are controlled by hindbrain neural circuits. The developing hindbrain shares strikingly conserved organizations and gene expression patterns across vertebrates, thus begs the question of how a highly conserved hindbrain generates circuits subserving diverse feeding/breathing patterns. In this review, we summarize major modes of feeding and breathing and principles underlying their coordination in many vertebrate species. We provide a hypothesis for the existence of a common hindbrain circuit at the phylotypic embryonic stage controlling oropharyngeal movements that is shared across vertebrate species; and reconfiguration and repurposing of this conserved circuit give rise to more complex behaviors in adult higher vertebrates.
Neuronal apoptosis can be prevented by the combined therapy with melatonin and hypothermia in a neonatal rat model of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
Authors: Toader Alina Mihaela , Hoteiuc Oana , Bidian Cristina , Oltean Dan-Daniel , Tabaran Flaviu , Grad Ovidiu , Clichici Simona , Mitrea Daniela Rodica 
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Birth hypoxia is a leading cause of perinatal mortality and neurological morbidity, resulting in central nervous system injury. Cerebral hypoxia and ischemia can produce a severe brain damage following a typical pattern, defined by selective vulnerability of the brain regions. The neonates are most prone to hypoxic-ischemic injuries due to the lack of efficient antioxidant defense. Neonatal hypoxia–ischemia (HI) in a 7-day-old rat HI model can produce cell death by apoptotic or necrotic mechanisms. The degree of apoptotic or necrotic mechanisms responsible for cell death in neonatal hypoxia–ischemia are not very clear as yet. The form of neuronal death may also depend on the severity of ischemic injury. Necrosis predominates in more severe cases, whereas apoptosis occurs in areas with milder ischemic injury. A human study demonstrated apoptotic and necrotic forms of cell death after hypoxic injury, whereas in some brains from stillbirths, only apoptotic figures were observed. The expression of activated caspase-3 reflects the role of apoptosis in neonatal hypoxic ischemic brain injury.
Objectives. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible neuroprotective effect of melatonin and hypothermia in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in newborn rats. Local damages induced by hypoxia and ischemia were assessed by evaluating the changes in terms of histology and apoptosis.
Methods. The experiment was conducted on 20 newborn Wistar rats premedicated for seven days with melatonin in a dose of 20 mg/kg/day. On the 7th postnatal day (P7), the newborn rats were exposed to ischemia (by clamping the right carotid artery) and hypobaric hypoxia (8% O2 for 90 minutes) and some groups to hypothermia.
Results. In this experimental model of neonatal encephalopathy, melatonin, in a dose of 20 mg/kg/day has neuroprotective effect by reducing the number of cells expressing apoptosis in Cornu Ammonis (CA) (Ammon’s Horn) CA1, CA2, CA3 and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus when combined with hypothermia.
Conclusion. The results of this study prove that melatonin is protective in ischemic-hypoxic brain injuries, but the protection is conditioned in most of the brain regions (excepting cerebral cortex) by conjugation with post-injury hypothermia treatment.
Structure, mechanical properties and degradation behavior of electrospun PEEU fiber meshes and films
Authors: Tung Wing Tai , Sun Xianlei , Wang Weiwei , Xu Xun , Ma Nan , Lendlein Andreas 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The capability of a degradable implant to provide mechanical support depends on its degradation behavior. Hydrolytic degradation was studied for a polyesteretherurethane (PEEU70), which consists of poly(p-dioxanone) (PPDO) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) segments with a weight ratio of 70:30 linked by diurethane junction units. PEEU70 samples prepared in the form of meshes with average fiber diameters of 1.5 µm (mesh1.5) and 1.2 µm (mesh1.2), and films were sterilized and incubated in PBS at 37 °C with 5 vol% CO2 supply for 1 to 6 weeks. Degradation features, such as cracks or wrinkles, became apparent from week 4 for all samples. Mass loss was found to be 11 wt%, 6 wt%, and 4 wt% for mesh1.2, mesh1.5, and films at week 6. The elongation at break decreased to under 20% in two weeks for mesh1.2. In case of the other two samples, this level of degradation was achieved after 4 weeks. The weight average molecular weight of both PEEU70 mesh and film samples decreased to below 30 kg/mol when elongation at break dropped below 20%. The time period of sustained mechanical stability of PEEU70-based meshes depends on the fiber diameter and molecular weight.

Graphic abstract
TRAVMAYA SEKONDER TÜP TORAKOSTOMİ/ TORAKOTOMİ UYGULANAN HASTALARDA EŞ ZAMANLI GÖRÜLEN KARIN YARALANMALARI VE YÖNETİMİ
Authors: KIRMIZI Serdar , AKIN Süleyman Emre 
Published: March 2021

Amaç
Toraks abbreviated injury scale skoru 2 ve üzeri torakoabdominal
yaralanmalarda uygulanan tedavi yaklaşımı
ve sonuçlarını paylaşarak literatüre katkı sunmak.
Gereç ve Yöntem
Çalışma Ocak 2017-Aralık 2020 tarihleri arasında
Yozgat Şehir Hastanesi’nde retrospektif olarak gerçekleştirildi.
Travma sonrası tüp torakostomi veya
torakotomi yapılmış hastalar tespit edildi. Ardından
eş zamanlı karın organ yaralanması ve diyafragma
yaralanması olan 18 yaşından büyük hastalar belirlendi.
Hastaların demografik özellikleri, labaratuvar
değerleri, görüntüleme raporları, uygulanan tedavi
yöntemleri, perioperatif verileri hastane elektronik kayıtlı
hasta bilgilerinden elde edildi.
Bulgular
Toraks abbreviated injury scale skoru 2 ve üzeri
olan toplam 119 hastanın 23’ünde (% 19,3) torakoabdominal
yaralanma saptandı. Torakoabdominal yaralanmalarda
toraksa yönelik girişimlerin 19’unu (%
82,6) tüp torakostomi ve 4’ünü (% 17,4) torakotomi
oluşturuyordu. Başlangıçta tüp takılan hiçbir hastada
torakotomi endikasyonu oluşmadı ve tüp torakostomi
yeterli bir tedavi oldu. Tüm torakoabdominal travmaların
laparotomi oranı ise % 44,8 ’idi. Cerrahi tedavinin
anlamlı bir şekilde penetran yaralanmalarda daha
sık tercih edildiği görüldü. Dalak (% 35) ve karaciğer
(% 32,5) sırasıyla en sık yaralanan organlardı. Solid
organ yaralanmaları toplam yaralanan organların %
74,2’ini oluşturuyordu ve bunların % 76’sında konservatif
tedavi uygulandı. Diafragma ve içi boş organ yaralanmalarının
tamamında cerrahi tedavi yapıldı. Toplam
iki hastada (% 8,7) ölüm görüldü ve bu vakalar
torakotomi uygulanan hastalardı.
Sonuç
Torakoabdominal travmaların yönetimi travmanın
kaynağına, hastanenin donanımına ve cerrahın deneyimine
göre değişebilir. Penetran yaralanmalarda torakotomi
ve laparotomi oranları daha yüksektir. Künt
yaralanmalarda tüp torakostomi ve konservatif tedavi
genellikle yeterli olmaktadır ve ikinci basamak bir hizmet
hastanesinde de başarıyla uygulanabilir.
Inteligência emocional de professores universitários
Authors: Dornelles Marcos , Crispim Sergio Feliciano 
Published: March 2021

O contexto atual da educação superior brasileira favorece sobrecarga de trabalho aos docentes, devido, entre outros fatores, ao aumento na proporção do número de alunos por professor. Além disso, a atual instabilidade nas políticas públicas na educação tende a adicionar outros fatores que podem impactar tanto o desempenho em sala de aula como a qualidade de vida dos docentes de forma diferenciada no ensino público e privado. A inteligência emocional tem atraído crescente interesse da academia e já é sabido que pode possibilitar melhor desempenho no trabalho, maior blindagem a possíveis efeitos nocivos do ambiente profissional e melhor qualidade de vida Dada sua importância, este estudo teve por objetivo verificar se há diferenças significativas nos níveis de inteligência emocional entre professores de ensino superior público e privado no Brasil. Para isso utilizou-se a escala de Wong e Law (2002) para medir o nível de inteligência emocional em quatro dimensões distintas com uma amostra de 415 indivíduos. A pesquisa identificou que professores atuantes nas universidades privadas possuem maior nível de inteligência emocional e sugere a capacitação profissional em inteligência emocional para mitigar alguns efeitos danosos do meio sobre o seu bem-estar e processo didático.
Use of SiO2 Nanoparticles in Water-Based Drilling Fluids for Improved Energy Consumption and Rheology: A Laboratory Study
Authors: Rashidi Masoud , Sedaghat Ahmad , Misbah Biltayib , Sabati Mohammad , Vaidyan Koshy 
Published: March 2021

Summary
In wellbore drilling, it is appreciable to devise methods to study the rheology of high-speed annulus fluid flows. In this paper, a high-speed Taylor-Couette system (TCS) was devised to explore non-Newtonian fluid flow behavior appraised by SiO2 nanoparticles toward friction reduction, power saving, and rheology modeling of nanofluids. Water-based mud (WBM) as an environmentally friendly drilling fluid is investigated by adding SiO2 nanoparticles at four low-volume concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, and 1% at speeds from 0 to 1,600 rev/min with 200 rev/min intervals in the TCS. Five rheology models based on the Herschel-Bulkley-Extended (HBE) model and a generalized Reynolds number were optimized to fit with the experimental data. All models except the Newtonian model have fitted all nanofluids with high accuracy, especially Bingham and HBE models. Negative deviation from Darcy friction was avoided for power-law (PL) and Herschel-Bulkley (HB) models using the modification to the generalized Reynolds number. Higher energy saving and enhanced rheology is reported particularly at lower volume concentrations of SiO2 WBM nanofluids. The Darcy friction factor deviated from laminar flow at the generalized Reynolds number beyond 2,000 into turbulent, which is a good indicator for the flow condition of complex non-Newtonian nanofluids in real-life application.