bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Owners, external managers and industrial relations in German establishments
Authors: Kölling Arnd , Schnabel Claus 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUsing data from the representative IAB Establishment Panel in Germany and estimating a heteroskedastic probit model with fixed effects, this paper finds a negative relationship between the existence of owner‐management in an establishment and the probabilities of having a works council or a collective bargaining agreement. We show that family firms which are solely managed by the owners or by external executives significantly differ in the presence of these kinds of worker representation. The probabilities of having works councils and (company‐level) collective agreements increase substantially if just some of the managers do not belong to the owner family. We argue that these differences cannot simply be attributed to an aversion of the owners against co‐determination and unions but suggest taking account of the notion of socio‐emotional wealth prevalent in family firms. In addition, our results support the idea that external managers mainly act as agents rather than stewards in family firms.
Heat shock protein 47 confers chemoresistance on pancreatic cancer cells by interacting with calreticulin and IRE1α
Authors: Yoneda Akihiro , Minomi Kenjiro , Tamura Yasuaki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most chemoresistant cancers. An understanding of the molecular mechanism by which PDAC cells have a high chemoresistant potential is important for improvement of the poor prognosis of patients with PDAC. Here we show for the first time that disruption of heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) enhances the efficacy of the therapeutic agent gemcitabine for PDAC cells and that the efficacy is suppressed by reconstituting HSP47 expression. HSP47 interacts with calreticulin (CALR) and the unfolded protein response transducer IRE1α in PDAC cells. Ablation of HSP47 promotes both the interaction of CALR with sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase 2 and interaction of IRE1α with inositol 1,4,5‐triphosphate receptor, which generates a condition in which an increase in intracellular Ca2+ level is prone to be induced by oxidative stimuli. Disruption of HSP47 enhances NADPH oxidase‐induced generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent increase in intracellular Ca2+ level in PDAC cells after treatment with gemcitabine, resulting in the death of PDAC cells by activation of the Ca2+/caspases axis. Ablation of HSP47 promotes gemcitabine‐induced suppression of tumor growth in PDAC cell‐bearing mice. Overall, these results indicated that HSP47 confers chemoresistance on PDAC cells and suggested that disruption of HSP47 may improve the efficacy of chemotherapy for patients with PDAC.
Early concerns in parents of infants at risk for autism
Authors: Tran Amanda T , del Rosario Mithi , Nosco Erin , Li Yihao , Senturk Damla , Mcdonald Nicole M , Wilson Rujuta B , Dapretto Mirella , Jeste Shafali S 
Published: June 2021

AimTo examine parental concerns about children at increased familial risk (i.e. high risk) of developing autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in early infancy.MethodASD‐related and general parental concerns were prospectively collected for 76 infants at ages 1.5, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months. Outcome classification was determined at 36 months. Analyses included generalized linear mixed models and qualitative evaluation of parental concerns in relation to risk status (high vs low risk) and outcome classification within the high‐risk group (atypically developing vs typically developing) over time.ResultsMost parents had no concerns at 1.5 (high risk 71%, low risk 87%) and 3 months (high risk 77%, low risk 86%). Beginning at 6 months, parents of high‐risk infants reported more ASD‐related (p<0.001) and general concerns (p=0.003) than parents of low‐risk infants. Beginning at 12 months, parents of high‐risk atypically developing infants reported more ASD‐related concerns than parents of high‐risk typically developing infants (p=0.013).InterpretationClinicians should elicit parental concerns and provide support, as parents are worried about their high‐risk infants by age 6 months. Additionally, parents’ abilities to identify concerns that are suggestive of ASD by age 12 months may aid in earlier screening and intervention.
What this paper adds

Most parents did not report concerns during early infancy.

By 6 months, parents of high‐risk infants reported autism spectrum disorder (ASD)‐related and general concerns.

By 12 months, parents of high‐risk atypically developing infants identified ASD‐related concerns.
Severe speech impairment is a distinguishing feature of FOXP1‐related disorder
Authors: Braden Ruth O , Amor David J , Fisher Simon E , Mei Cristina , Myers Candace T , Mefford Heather , Gill Deepak , Srivastava Siddharth , Swanson Lindsay C , Goel Himanshu , Scheffer Ingrid E , Morgan Angela T 
Published: June 2021

AimTo delineate the speech and language phenotype of a cohort of individuals with FOXP1‐related disorder.MethodWe administered a standardized test battery to examine speech and oral motor function, receptive and expressive language, non‐verbal cognition, and adaptive behaviour. Clinical history and cognitive assessments were analysed together with speech and language findings.ResultsTwenty‐nine patients (17 females, 12 males; mean age 9y 6mo; median age 8y [range 2y 7mo–33y]; SD 6y 5mo) with pathogenic FOXP1 variants (14 truncating, three missense, three splice site, one in‐frame deletion, eight cytogenic deletions; 28 out of 29 were de novo variants) were studied. All had atypical speech, with 21 being verbal and eight minimally verbal. All verbal patients had dysarthric and apraxic features, with phonological deficits in most (14 out of 16). Language scores were low overall. In the 21 individuals who carried truncating or splice site variants and small deletions, expressive abilities were relatively preserved compared with comprehension.InterpretationFOXP1‐related disorder is characterized by a complex speech and language phenotype with prominent dysarthria, broader motor planning and programming deficits, and linguistic‐based phonological errors. Diagnosis of the speech phenotype associated with FOXP1‐related dysfunction will inform early targeted therapy.
What this paper adds

Individuals with FOXP1‐related disorder have a complex speech and language phenotype.

Dysarthria, which impairs intelligibility, is the dominant feature of the speech profile.

No participants were receiving speech therapy for dysarthria, but were good candidates for therapy

Features of speech apraxia occur alongside persistent phonological errors.

Language abilities are low overall; however, expressive language is a relative strength.
Familial clustering of primary lateral sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Supplementary evidence for a continuum
Authors: Corcia Philippe , Lunetta Christian , Couratier Philippe , Vourc'h Patrick , Gromicho Marta , Desnuelle Claude , Soriani Marie‐Hélène , Pinto Susana , de Carvalho Mamede 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and purposePrimary lateral sclerosis (PLS) is a motor neuron disorder characterized by a pure upper motor neuron degeneration in the bulbar and spinal regions. The key difference with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the lower motor neuron system integrity. Despite important literature on this disease, the pathophysiology of PLS remains unknown, and the link with ALS still balances between a continuum and a separate entity from ALS.MethodsWe report nine families in which both PLS and ALS cases occurred, in general among first‐degree relatives.ResultsThe patients with PLS and ALS had a typical disease presentation. Genetic studies revealed mutations in SQSMT1, TBK1, and TREM2 genes in two PLS patients and one ALS patient.ConclusionsThese results strongly support a phenotypic continuum between PLS and ALS.
Removal of equine cryptorchid testes through an enlarged umbilical portal in dorsally recumbent horses after intra‐abdominal laparoscopic castration
Authors: Finley Connie J. , Fischer Andrew T. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopic removal of cryptorchid testes has been routinely reported through enlarged parainguinal incisions in dorsally recumbent horses. Outcomes following removal through an extended umbilical incision have not been previously reported.ObjectiveTo describe the surgical technique of removing cryptorchid testes in dorsally recumbent horses through an enlarged umbilical portal after laparoscopic intra‐abdominal castration.Study designRetrospective case series.MethodsMedical records were reviewed for horses that underwent laparoscopic removal of unilateral or bilateral cryptorchid testes from January 2006 to December 2016. Horses were placed under general anaesthesia, positioned in dorsal recumbency and then tilted into Trendelenburg position. Cryptorchid testes were castrated by ligating loop application and/or electrosurgery. The umbilical portal incision was extended along the linea alba for testes removal. All descended testes were removed by routine closed castration with the scrotal incision left to heal by second intention. Perianaesthetic laboratory values, surgical procedure descriptions, surgery and anaesthesia times, and in‐hospital perioperative complications were recorded.ResultsA total of 79 horses, aged 1‐14 years, with unilateral or bilateral cryptorchidism were included: 90 cryptorchid testes were successfully removed through an enlarged umbilical portal incision. Sixty‐eight horses were unilaterally cryptorchid and 11 were bilaterally cryptorchid. Two horses had minor post‐operative complications related to the extended umbilical portal incision.Main limitationsRetrospective nature of the study, no control population for comparison and no follow‐up after hospital discharge.ConclusionAn extended umbilical portal incision is a successful alternative to extending a parainguinal incision for testis removal after laparoscopic castration.
Re‐ensiling effects on sorghum silage quality, methane emission and sheep efficiency in tropical climate
Authors: Santos Fabiana P. C. , de Oliveira Alan F. , de Souza Fernando A. , Rodrigues José A. S. , Gonçalves Lúcio C. , Silva Ricardo Reis e , Lana Ângela Maria Q. , Jayme Diogo G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to evaluate whether sorghum silage exposure to air for 8, 16 or 24 hr before re‐ensiling reduces silage quality and animal feed efficiency. Sorghum was ensiled in 52 metal drums (13 for each exposure time) with 200‐L capacity, and after 112 days, 39 drums were opened and silage was exposed to air for 8, 16 or 24 hr. Thirteen silos were not opened and considered control treatment. Subsequently, silage was re‐ensiled, and after 56 days, all silos were opened to determine silage quality variables. In addition, the silage was offered to sheep to determine animal feed efficiency. The experimental design was completely randomized with five replications per treatment, and orthogonal polynomials were used to determine linear or quadratic effects of the exposure time. The non‐fibrous carbohydrate (NFC) (minimum of 278 g/kg), in vitro dry‐matter digestibility (IVDMD) (minimum of 570 g/kg) and lactic acid (1.51 g/kg for each hour) decreased with longer exposure. The pH (0.011 for each hour), ammonia nitrogen (0.057 g/kg for each hour), acetic acid (maximum of 17.9 g/kg) and aerobic stability (maximum of 62.4 hr) increased with longer exposure. Although silage exposure reduced NFC and IVDMD and increased pH and ammonia nitrogen, animal feed efficiency was not compromised. These results indicate that sorghum silage exposure for up to 24 hr does not compromise its use.
Recent advances on akermanite calcium‐silicate ceramic for biomedical applications
Authors: Zadehnajar Parisa , Mirmusavi Mohammad Hussein , Soleymani Eil Bakhtiari Sanaz , Bakhsheshi‐Rad Hamid Reza , Karbasi Saeed , RamaKrishna Seeram , Berto Filippo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOwing to great biocompatibility and high capacity of apatite formation, bioceramics, especially calcium silicate‐based compounds, were extensively employed in orthopedic and dental uses concerning biomedical applications. Lately, akermanite (AK; Ca2MgSi2O7), as a bioceramic containing Ca‐, Mg‐ and Si, has gained an increased level of attention because of its more tunable mechanical characteristics and degradation rate. All studies indicate that this magnesium incorporating Ca‐silicate ceramic has a great capacity to use as a bone graft material to fulfill the necessity of bone reconstruction. Despite the rising interest in using these materials in biomedical fields, there has not yet been an extensive overview of this bioceramic property and its potential benefits. Thus, it has been speculated that this concept and the emergence of akermanite bioactive ceramics might lead to significant upcoming advancements in the field of bone tissue engineering (BTE). Definitely, the approach still requires additional advances to considerably better respond to the vital concerns regarding the clinical application. The review tackles the present research trends on akermanite ceramics for biomedical purposes such as bone scaffold, coating materials, bone cement, and treatment of osteoporotic bone defects, commencing with recent status and shifting to upcoming developments.
Influences of electrolytes on tribocorrosion performance of MAO coating on AZ31B magnesium alloy in simulated body fluid
Authors: Xu Luyao , Liu Naiyu , Cao Lei , Wan Yong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the effects of electrolytes on the corrosion resistance and tribocorrosion performance of micro‐arc oxidation (MAO) coatings on AZ31B magnesium (Mg) alloys in simulated body fluid (SBF) were studied. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) were utilized to explore the microstructure, surface morphology, and phase components of the MAO coatings. Corrosion and tribocorrosion performance of MAO coated Mg alloys were evaluated by using potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and a ball‐on‐disk tribotester. It was found that MAO coating produced in electrolyte containing both Na2SiO3 and Na2B4O7 exhibited superior corrosion resistance and tribocorrosion performance in the SBF.
The role of feedback on interview self‐efficacy and outcome expectations
Authors: Petruzziello Gerardo , Chiesa Rita , Guglielmi Dina , Mariani Marco Giovanni 
Published: June 2021

AbstractApplicants’ self‐cognitions toward selection procedures are decisive to produce favorable outcomes. Drawing upon the career self‐management model, this study explored the impact of performance feedback after a simulated employment interview on interview self‐efficacy (ISE) and outcome expectations. Participants (a sample of recent graduates; N = 240) were given timely feedback after the simulated interview with suggestions to improve their performance. The interviewer’s feedback was positively related to participants’ ISE measured after the feedback. A significant relationship between participants’ ISE and outcome expectations emerged. Feedback was related to outcome expectations only indirectly, via ISE. This study contributes to existing knowledge about ISE and provides practitioners with hints to help job seekers to master job search in troubled times.

Practitioner notes

Interview self‐efficacy is a major predictor of performance in the employment interview.

We show that performance feedback enhances interview self‐efficacy and outcome expectations.

Job seekers in training should be given meaningful feedback to raise their interview self‐efficacy.
The gene regulatory network controlling plasma cell function
Authors: Trezise Stephanie , Nutt Stephen L 
Published: June 2021

SummaryAntibodies are an essential element of the immune response to infection, and in long‐term protection upon re‐exposure to the same micro‐organism. Antibodies are produced by plasmablasts and plasma cells, the terminally differentiated cells of the B lymphocyte lineage. These relatively rare populations, collectively termed antibody secreting cells (ASCs), have developed highly specialized transcriptional and metabolic pathways to facilitate their extraordinarily high rates of antibody synthesis and secretion. In this review, we discuss the gene regulatory network that controls ASC identity and function, with a particular focus on the processes that influence the transcription, translation, folding, modification and secretion of antibodies. We will address how ASCs have adapted their transcriptional, metabolic and protein homeostasis pathways to sustain such high rates of antibody production, and the roles that the major ASC regulators, the transcription factors, Irf4, Blimp‐1 and Xbp1, play in co‐ordinating these processes.
Efficacy of RyR2 inhibitor EL20 in induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes from a patient with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Word Tarah A. , Quick Ann P. , Miyake Christina Y. , Shak Mayra K. , Pan Xiaolu , Kim Jean J. , Allen Hugh D. , Sibrian‐Vazquez Martha , Strongin Robert M. , Landstrom Andrew P. , Wehrens Xander H. T. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCatecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is an inherited cardiac arrhythmia syndrome that often leads to sudden cardiac death. The most common form of CPVT is caused by autosomal‐dominant variants in the cardiac ryanodine receptor type‐2 (RYR2) gene. Mutations in RYR2 promote calcium (Ca2+) leak from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), triggering lethal arrhythmias. Recently, it was demonstrated that tetracaine derivative EL20 specifically inhibits mutant RyR2, normalizes Ca2+ handling and suppresses arrhythmias in a CPVT mouse model. The objective of this study was to determine whether EL20 normalizes SR Ca2+ handling and arrhythmic events in induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC‐CMs) from a CPVT patient. Blood samples from a child carrying RyR2 variant RyR2 variant Arg‐176‐Glu (R176Q) and a mutation‐negative relative were reprogrammed into iPSCs using a Sendai virus system. iPSC‐CMs were derived using the StemdiffTM kit. Confocal Ca2+ imaging was used to quantify RyR2 activity in the absence and presence of EL20. iPSC‐CMs harbouring the R176Q variant demonstrated spontaneous SR Ca2+ release events, whereas administration of EL20 diminished these abnormal events at low nanomolar concentrations (IC50 = 82 nM). Importantly, treatment with EL20 did not have any adverse effects on systolic Ca2+ handling in control iPSC‐CMs. Our results show for the first time that tetracaine derivative EL20 normalized SR Ca2+ handling and suppresses arrhythmogenic activity in iPSC‐CMs derived from a CPVT patient. Hence, this study confirms that this RyR2‐inhibitor represents a promising therapeutic candidate for treatment of CPVT.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis: Safety of vedolizumab during pregnancy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Bell Conor , Tandon Parul , Lentz Eric , Marshall John K , Narula Neeraj 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and AimVedolizumab is a novel monoclonal antibody used in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, often affecting women of child‐bearing age. We aimed to compare maternal and fetal adverse outcomes in pregnancies of women with inflammatory bowel disease exposed to vedolizumab versus those on other treatment.MethodsWe performed a systematic literature search through December 2020 looking for studies including outcomes from pregnancies of female inflammatory bowel disease patients treated with vedolizumab. Our primary outcome was a composite of adverse pregnancy‐related events in pregnancies of female patients on vedolizumab compared with those of disease‐matched controls on other medication regimens. Events of interest included preterm births, early loss of pregnancy, late fetal death, elective termination of pregnancy, and congenital anomalies.ResultsFour studies were included in our review meeting criteria for our primary analysis. Compared with those with no vedolizumab exposure, pregnancies with vedolizumab exposure had an increase in overall adverse pregnancy‐related outcomes (odds ratio [OR] 2.18, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.52–3.13). The vedolizumab group also had increased preterm births (OR 2.16, 95% CI, 1.28–3.66), and early loss of pregnancies (OR 1.79, 95% CI, 1.06–3.01) but no difference in number of live births (OR 0.60, 95%CI, 0.36–1.00), or congenital malformations (OR 1.56, 95% CI, 0.56–4.37).ConclusionsOur systematic review highlights possible concern with the general safety of vedolizumab in pregnancy, as an increase in overall total unfavorable outcomes was observed. Premature births and early loss of pregnancy were also more prevalent in pregnant female patients on vedolizumab. It is possible these findings are confounded by disease activity, and further prospective cohort studies of vedolizumab and pregnancy outcomes are warranted.
Comparison of the maternal serum endocan levels in preterm premature rupture of membrane and normal pregnancy
Authors: İflazoğlu Nuray , Eroğlu Hasan , Tolunay Harun Egemen , Yücel Aykan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveEndocan is a novel marker of endothelial inflammation. In this study, we aimed to show whether there was a significant difference between the endocan levels of pregnant women with and without preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM and non‐PPROM). Also, we aimed to find a relation between endocan levels and the latent period.Material and MethodsPregnant women with PPROM between 28 and 34 weeks of gestation and those without PPROM with similar gestational weeks were included in the study. A total of 88 pregnant women, 44 with PROM and 44 healthy pregnancies, were evaluated. Demographic and obstetric features, leukocyte, and endocan levels of the study and control groups were compared.ResultsThe demographic features and obstetric history of both groups were similar. The mean leukocyte and endocan levels of the study group were higher than in the control group (p < 0.001 and 0.029, respectively). The leukocyte level was the only independent factor predicting PPROM after multivariate logistic regression analysis.ConclusionAlthough the endocan levels were higher in patients with PPROM, multivariate analysis showed that the only independent predictive factor was the leukocyte level.