bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Looking for stability
Authors: Psyrraki Maria-Angeliki , Venables Emilie , Eleftherakos Christos , Severy Nathalie , Barry Declan , Gionakis Nikos , Episkopou Maria , Komita Aikaterini , De Maio Gianfranco 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: On-going conflict and political instability in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has led to increasing numbers of people fleeing their country for Europe. Many need rehabilitation services upon arrival in Greece after experiencing torture in DRC. The scarcity of state resources and the limited capacity of non-governmental organisations to assist survivors of torture means many needs remain unmet. This study explored the experiences of rehabilitation for male Congolese survivors of torture living in Athens, as well as the potential role of the wider Congolese community in Athens in supporting rehabilitation.
Methods: This qualitative study included in-depth interviews with survivors of torture attending a rehabilitation clinic and key informant interviews with representatives of the wider Congolese community in Athens. Data was thematically analysed to construct and develop codes and themes.
Results: 19 survivors and 10 key informants were interviewed. For many survivors, rehabilitation was an unclear concept. Despite the appreciation for services received at the clinic and the amelioration of physical and psychological symptoms, survivors felt rehabilitation was incomplete as it did not meet their accommodation needs nor provide stability through granting refugee status. Survivors were wary of trusting other Congolese people after experiencing torture and did not always associate themselves with the local Congolese community. The role of local Congolese leaders and organisations was not seen as replacing the clinical element of rehabilitation but aiding in practical issues such as information sharing and integration, especially in partnership with other organisations.
Discussion: Systemic shortcomings in Greece, including poor access to accommodation and insecure asylum status, impeded processes of rehabilitation. Many participants found themselves navigating an unstable and unpredictable landscape in their journey towards “feeling whole again.” The role of the wider Congolese community in Athens in supporting rehabilitation remains complex and a lack of trust threatens social cohesion. Nonetheless, the willingness of the community to be more proactive should not be ignored by organisations and policy-makers.
The socionatural 18th century: Connecting culture and climate
Authors: Collet Dominik 
Published: February 2021

Keynote lecture at the conference "Nature and the Natural in the Eighteenth Century" organized by the Norwegian Society for Eighteenth-Century Studies, 4 February 2021.
RECORDED LECTURE: https://septentrio.uit.no/media/Collet_zoom_0.mp4
The lecture is in English. Abstract (in German): Der zweite Keynote ist Dominik Collet. Er ist Klima- und Umwelthistoriker und hat zu mehreren Gesellschaftsaspekten des 18. Jahrhunderts sowie zum Verhältnis von Naturresourcen, Wetterverhältnissen, Kulturpflanzen, öffentlicher Gesundheit und Bevölkerungsentwicklung geforscht. Professor Collet ist Mitglied der Oslo School of Environmental Histories an der Universität Oslo. In seinem letzten Buch über eine bisher wenig beachtete Hungersnot, die Anfang der 1770er Jahre grosse Teile Europas traf, analysiert er die Auswirkungen von drei Jahren mit Ernteausfall auf die sozialen Verhältnisse in verschiedenen Regionen, darunter Skandinavien. Collet bewegt sich dabei von metereologischen Daten, Dendrochronologie und Bevölkerungsstatistik über kulturelle Ausdrucksformen in Kunst und Kultur zu Philosophie und politischer Entwicklung.
Abstract (in Norwegian): Dominik Collet er en klima- og miljøhistoriker som har forsket på en rekke aspekter ved 1700-tallets samfunn og på samspillet mellom naturressurser, værforhold, avlinger, folkehelse og befolkningsutvikling. Professor Collet er et sentralt medlem av Oslo School of Environmental Histories ved UiO. I sin seneste bok, om en lite påaktet sultkatastrofe som rammet store deler av Europa på begynnelsen av 1770-tallet, analyserer han effekten tre påfølgende år med svikt i avlinger fikk på sosiale forhold i en rekke regioner, inkludert Skandinavia. Collet beveger seg i sin forskning fra meteorologiske data, dendrokronologi og befolkningsstatistikk via kulturelle uttrykk i kunst- og kulturfeltet, og over til filosofisk tenkning og politikkutvikling. Collets foredrag har tittelen «The socionatural 18th century: Connecting climate and culture».
Camel Rearing in Urban and Rural Areas of Bikaner District
Authors: Mohammad Sohel , Singh Shailendra , Singh Vinod 
Published: February 2021

In terms of numerical importance, the camel ranks only as a minor domestic animal. The world population of camels consists of about 17.5 million compared with 1270 million cattle, 1145 million sheep, 822 million pigs, 494 million goats, 138 million water buffaloes and 65 million horses. Yet, population statistics alone does not adequately reflect the ecological importance and historical significance of the camel for human cultural development.
From an ecological perspective, camel husbandry is the only means of exploiting the arid zone that composes about one third of the land surface of the earth. Camel pastorals are the only substance strategy that makes it possible to utilize this vast area for food production in a sustainable way. Thriving on a diet of thorny, fibrous and often very salty plants, camels convert the scattered vegetation of the desert into highly nutritious food and other forms of energy. Camels are able to produce large qualities of milk, wheat meat, wool and dung thrown in as by products. The article provides an overview on economic background of camel owners in rural and urban areas as well as different communities of Bikaner district and it is concerned with the utilization pattern of camels, the quality of food and water and the perception of camel owners towards declining number of camel in different landscape and communities of Bikaner.
Diagnosis and Management of Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance
Authors: Liu Yuxin , Parks Anna L. 
Published: February 2025

ImportanceNearly 5% of adults have the precursor malignant condition monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS). Management centers on differentiating MGUS from more serious conditions to determine additional diagnostic testing, monitoring, and potential therapy.ObservationsMGUS is defined by the absence of end-organ damage or symptoms, a small amount of monoclonal immunoglobulin (M protein), and low volume of plasma cells. MGUS must be distinguished from overt malignant diseases like multiple myeloma (MM), immunoglobulin light-chain (AL) amyloidosis, and monoclonal gammopathy of clinical significance (MGCS), all of which cause organ damage or symptoms. Although testing for M proteins is often prompted by clinical findings (eg, osteoporosis or autoimmune disease), recent evidence from screened populations suggests that previous MGUS disease associations were likely overestimated and that testing for M proteins should be reserved for when malignant disease or MGCS is suspected. Risk of progression to malignant disease ranges from 0.5% to 1%, meaning most patients have indolent disease. Guideline-concordant management of MGUS is determined by predicted risk of progression to malignant disease, which depends on subtype of immunoglobulin, M protein concentration, and free light chain ratio. Patients with low-risk MGUS can safely defer bone marrow biopsy and advanced imaging, and should undergo periodic laboratory monitoring. Intermediate- and high-risk MGUS should trigger bone marrow biopsy and bone imaging to detect overt MM and shorter monitoring intervals. Advanced molecular testing may improve on current risk stratification to target monitoring and treatment to those with highest risk of malignant progression and avoid overtreatment of those with low-risk disease. Management will also be informed by results of several clinical trials to clarify the risks and benefits of screening, optimal monitoring strategy, predictors of progression, and potential preventive or curative therapies.Conclusions and RelevanceEvidence-based management of MGUS currently rests on separating clinically indolent from high-risk precursor disease. Research using novel detection methods, incorporating molecular testing into risk stratification, and evaluating screening, monitoring, and therapeutic or lifestyle interventions has the potential to improve outcomes.
Ethnoracial disparities in gray matter atrophy are mediated by structural disconnectivity in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Bayoumi Ahmed , Thomas Joseph A. , Alonzo Breanna R. , Jimenez Juan , Orlando Christopher M. , Pérez Carlos A. , Hasan Khader M. , Wolinsky Jerry S. , Lincoln John A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate ethnoracial disparities in gray matter (GM) atrophy, the contribution of white matter lesions and consequent structural disconnectivity among patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).MethodsThis retrospective study included 297 patients with MS (pwMS), 98 Hispanic/Latinx (H‐MS), 82 non‐Hispanic Black (B‐MS), and 117 non‐Hispanic White (W‐MS). GM atrophy was assessed using univariate, voxel‐based morphometry, and multivariate techniques, source‐based morphometry. Structural disconnectivity secondary to white matter lesions was evaluated using the network modification tool. Mediation analyses explored relationships between ethnoracial groups, white matter lesions, structural disconnectivity, and gray matter atrophy.ResultsB‐MS and H‐MS generally exhibited greater gray matter atrophy compared to W‐MS, particularly in temporal, parahippocampal, precuneus, and cuneus GM. Structural disconnectivity differences were most prominent in the hippocampal, cingulate, precuneus, and deep gray matter regions. Mediation analyses revealed that lesion load significantly mediated group differences in global GM atrophy (percent mediated = 52.4%), while structural disconnectivity mediated some differences in specific gray matter components, notably in deep gray matter, insular, and anterior cingulate regions.InterpretationSignificant ethnoracial disparities exist in GM atrophy and its patterns among diverse MS patients, partially mediated by white matter lesions and consequent structural disconnectivity. These findings underscore the importance of considering ethnoracial factors in MS research and clinical practice, potentially informing personalized treatment strategies and emphasizing the need for diverse representation in clinical trials.
Amygdala Neurodegeneration: A Key Driver of Visual Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Erramuzpe Asier , Murueta‐Goyena Ane , Jimenez‐Marin Antonio , Acera Marian , Teijeira‐Portas Sara , Del Pino Rocío , Fernández‐Valle Tamara , Diez Ibai , Sainz‐Lugarezaresti Unai , Ibarretxe‐Bilbao Naroa , Ayala Unai , Barrenechea Maitane , Cabrera‐Zubizarreta Alberto , Cortés Jesús , Gómez‐Esteban Juan Carlos , Gabilondo Iñigo 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveVisual disability in Parkinson's disease (PD) is not fully explained by retinal neurodegeneration. We aimed to delineate the brain substrate of visual dysfunction in PD and its association with retinal thickness.MethodsForty‐two PD patients and 29 controls underwent 3‐Tesla MRI, retinal spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography, and visual testing across four domains. Voxel‐level associations between gray matter volume and visual outcomes were used to define a visual impairment region (visualROI). Functional connectivity of the visualROI with brain networks was analyzed. Covariance analysis of brain regions associated with retinal thinning (retinalROI) was conducted using hierarchical clustering to develop a model of retinal and brain neurodegeneration linked to disease progression.ResultsThe amygdala was the primary component of the visualROI, comprising 32.3% and 14.6% of its left and right volumes. Functional connectivity analysis revealed significant disruptions between the visualROI and medial/lateral visual networks in PD. Covariance analysis identified three clusters within retinalROI: (1) the thalamic nucleus, (2) the amygdala and lateral/occipital visual regions, and (3) frontal regions, including the anterior cingulate cortex and frontal attention networks. Hierarchical clustering suggested a two‐phase progression: early amygdala damage (Braak 1–3) disrupting visual network connections, followed by retinal and frontal atrophy (Braak 4–5) exacerbating visual dysfunction.InterpretationOur findings support a novel, amygdala‐centric two‐phase model of visual dysfunction in PD. Early amygdala degeneration disrupts visual pathways, while advanced‐stage disconnection between the amygdala and frontal regions and retinal neurodegeneration contributes to further visual disability.
Regulating Protein Immobilization During Cell‐Free Protein Synthesis in Hyaluronan Microgels
Authors: Kaufmann Anika , Ivanova Kateryna , Thiele Julian 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCell‐like platforms are being studied intensively for their application in synthetic biology to mimic aspects of life in an artificial environment. Here, micrometer‐sized, bifunctional microgels are used as an experimental platform to investigate the interplay of cell‐free protein synthesis (CFPS) and in situ protein accumulation inside the microgel volume. In detail, microgels made of hyaluronic acid (HA) are first modified with different amounts of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) moieties to characterize the capability and maximum capacity of binding His‐tag modified GFP. CFPS is optimized for the system used here, particularly when using a linear DNA template. Afterward, HA‐microgels are functionalized with the linear DNA template and Ni2+‐activated NTA moieties to bind in situ synthesized GFP‐His. CFPS and parallel protein accumulation within the microgels are observed over time to determine the GFP‐His binding to the microgel platform. With this approach, the study presents the first steps for a platform to study the temporal‐spatial regulation of protein synthesis by tailored protein binding or release from the microgel matrix‐based reaction environment.
Bifunctional Synergistic Mg@SnSb SEI for Low Interfacial Reaction Energy Barriers and Stable Cycling of High‐Performance Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries
Authors: Peng Xianhao , Yuan Yuan , Gu Dachong , Li Dajian , Wu Liang , Zhang Ligang , Huang Guangsheng , Wang Jingfeng , Pan Fusheng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe formation of a stable passivation layer and the strong electrostatic interactions impede the diffusion of magnesium ions (Mg2+) at the Mg anode surface. Construction of an artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer presents a promising approach to overcome these limitations. This study develops a synergistic and structurally stable Mg@SnSb SEI through an in situ reaction between the anode and a Tin trifluoromethanesulfonate and antimony chloride (Sn(OTf)2‐SbCl3‐based) electrolyte, featuring a low LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital). The in situ formed multi‐phase SEI effectively reduces the interfacial reaction barriers and facilitates Mg2+ diffusion during both the plating and the stripping processes. Additionally, the formation of nano‐grained microstructure enhances the uniformity of Mg plating/stripping and suppresses the decomposition of the OTf anions and DME solvent molecules. The Mg anode incorporating the Mg@SnSb SEI exhibits an exceptionally low overpotential of less than 0.07 V and an ultra‐long cycle life exceeding 1500 h. In full‐cell tests using Mg@SnSb||Mo6S8, the system achieved exceptional electrochemical performance, maintaining over 94% of its initial capacity after more than 400 cycles.
Four‐Mask Technique for Manufacturing the Perovskite‐on‐Silicon Sensor Array for Ultraviolet Light Imaging
Authors: Zhang Xuning , Tang Feixiang , Sun Bo , Liu Xingyue , Liao Guanglan , Li Weihua , Liu Sheng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPerovskite‐based image sensors are widely explored and recognized as the technology of choice for future optoelectronics. Suffering from the incompatibility between perovskite and conventional lithography technology, the challenges of developing high‐resolution image sensors come from how to pattern the perovskite film with high precision and integrate it with pixel circuits. Recently, a four‐mask technique for manufacturing perovskite‐on‐silicon sensor arrays, which are composed of a pixeled perovskite film and a planar crossbar circuit is demonstrated. Patterning precision for perovskite films attained 2 µm, ranking top among the previous research. The circuit is also proven to have the highest level of integration, theoretically. A proof‐of‐concept image sensor showing the first demonstration of monolithic integration of patterned perovskite film with the bottom pixel circuit is successfully made public. Electro‐optical performance of its pixels is further characterized and showed high uniformity, benefitting the image sensor in capturing the input light distribution with good spatial resolution. This work has thus set a milestone for perovskite‐based image sensors and showed the potential of perovskites in micro‐nanoelectronics.
Improving Alkali Stability of Anion Exchange Membrane by a Super Water‐Retention Strategy
Authors: Ren Zhiwei , Zhao Yun , Han Yangkai , Wei Tao , Sun Jiaqi , Jiao Zhilin , Liu Xinyi , Zhang Haitao , Shao Zhigang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDesigning highly stable anion exchange membranes (AEMs) is of vital importance for anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs). Herein, the study presents that elevating current density and reducing relative humidity can dramatically lower local hydration number (λ) of the cathode in AEMFCs and therefore result in the rapid degradation of AEMs. To address this issue, a water‐retention strategy has been proposed to alleviate the hydroxide attack. The crosslinked poly (aryl N‐silanylmethyl‐piperidinium) (Si‐TP‐100‐x) AEMs are prepared to increase the amount of bound water on cations by introducing hydrophilic Si─O bonds, and thus improving the alkali stability under low λ conditions. The Si‐TP‐100‐4 exhibits improved ex‐situ stability than the benchmark AEM in 2 m KOH‐MeOH solution (λ = 4) at 80 °C. The in situ cell tests demonstrate that the AEMFC with Si‐TP‐100‐4 can achieve a high peak power density of 1.32 W cm−2 and simultaneously offer lower voltage decay rate than the controlled experiment at 1000 mA cm−2 at 95 °C. The post‐mortem analysis of membrane‐electrode assembly further reveals that membrane and ionomer in cathode concurrently suffer from a significant degradation. This work provides an avenue for developing highly stable anion exchange polymers from the perspective of cation hydration.
Bilayered Molecular Bridge Mediated by π–π Stacking for Improved Interfacial Charge Transport in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zheng Lingfang , Luo Xiaoyan , Zhang Xiaguang , Huang Yu , Shen Lina , Li Fangyao , Yang Jinxin , Tian Chengbo , Xie Liqiang , Wei Zhanhua 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMolecular bridges with one end absorbed on the electron transport layer (ETL) and the other bound to perovskite can effectively repair imperfections at the ETL/perovskite interface. However, single‐layered bridges usually coexist with undesired double‐layered molecules, leaving a Van der Waals gap between them. Charge transport can only occur via the tunneling effect to travel through the gap, which requires a forward voltage bias and leads to a constrained charge transport efficiency. Herein, the study designs and synthesizes an imidazolium derivative ionic salt of 1,3‐dibenzyl‐2‐phenylimidazolium chloride (DPhImCl), featuring multiple aromatic side chains, to form bilayered interfacial molecular bridges mediated by π–π stacking. The study reveals that DPhIm+ strongly adsorbs on both the SnO2 and perovskite surfaces via the imidazolium ring, while the two layers of DPhIm+ absorbed on SnO2 and perovskite respectively interact through π–π stacking of the benzene ring in side chains, forming bilayered molecular bridge at the SnO2/perovskite interface. This π–π interaction promotes the orderly stacking of molecular layers and creates hopping channels for electron transport, thus facilitating the interfacial charge transfer efficiency. As a result, an impressive device efficiency of 25.90% (certified 25.27%) and a robust T90 operational lifetime of 1101 h for n‐i‐p perovskite solar cells achieved.
Electrochemically Driven Optical Dynamics of Reflectin Protein Films
Authors: Lin Yin‐Chen , Yang Changxuan , Tochikura Seren , Uzarski Joshua R. , Morse Daniel E. , Sepunaru Lior , Gordon Michael J. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractNeuronally triggered phosphorylation drives the dynamic condensation of reflectin proteins, enabling squid to fine tune the colors reflected from specialized skin cells (iridocytes) for camouflage and communication. Reflectin, the primary component of iridocyte lamellae, forms alternating layers of protein and low refractive index extracellular space within membrane‐encapsulated structures, acting as a biologically tunable distributed Bragg reflector. In vivo, reflectin condensation induces osmotic dehydration of these lamellae, reducing their thickness and shifting the wavelength of reflected light. Inspired by this natural mechanism, we demonstrate that electrochemical reduction of imidazolium moieties within the protein provides a reversible and tunable method to control the water volume fraction in reflectin thin films, allowing precise, dynamic modulation of the film’s refractive index and thickness — mimicking the squid’s dynamic color adaptation. To unravel the underlying mechanisms, we developed electrochemical correlative ellipsometry and surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy, enabling real‐time analysis of optical property changes of reflectin films. This electrochemically driven approach offers unprecedented control over reflectin condensation dynamics. Our findings not only deepen the understanding of biophysical processes governing cephalopod coloration but also pave the way for bio‐inspired materials and devices that seamlessly integrate biological principles with synthetic systems to bridge the biotic‐abiotic gap.
Rhodamine B‐Derived Low‐Toxicity Full‐Color Carbon Dots with Wide Tunable High‐Stable Liquid‐State Lasers
Authors: Zhang Yongqiang , Ren Xueyan , Zhao Xinran , Ding Shurong , Wu Xueting , Liu Yue , Zeng Xiao , Qu Xiaoli , Song Haoqiang , Hu Yongsheng , Shi Linlin , Lu Siyu 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCarbon dots (CDs) serve as a novel, non‐toxic, cost‐effective, and highly‐stable solution‐processable nanolaser material. However, compared to commonly used commercial laser dyes, CDs exhibit lower photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs), radiation transition rates, and gain coefficients. Consequently, this leads to higher laser thresholds that significantly impede the expansion of practical applications for CDs. Therefore, enhancing the gain performance of CDs is crucial in guiding the design of CD gain materials and promoting their practical applications. Herein, Rhodamine B (RhB) is employed as a sole precursor for the synthesis of full‐color CDs (FCDs) with vibrant blue, green, yellow, red, and NIR (denoted as B‐CDs, G‐CDs, Y‐CDs, R‐CDs, and NIR‐CDs) fluorescence through cross‐linking, polymerization, and carbonization processes. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra ranged from 434 to 703 nm. Notably, the PLQYs and gain performance of FCDs are improved due to cross‐linked enhanced emission (CEE) effects. Green, yellow, red, and NIR laser emission is achieved with lower laser thresholds and exhibited superior laser stabilities than RhB. Furthermore, cytotoxicity tests confirm that FCDs possess significantly lower toxicity than RhB. This study not only validates the applicability of CEE in CDs for developing multicolor gain materials but also advances the practical application of miniaturized lasers based on CDs.