bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global representation of heart failure clinical trial leaders, collaborators, and enrolled participants: a bibliometric review 2000–20
Authors: Zhu Jie Wei , Le NhatChinh , Wei Sunny , Zühlke Liesl , Lopes Renato D , Zannad Faiez , Van Spall Harriette G C 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Aims
The geographic representation of investigators and participants in heart failure (HF) randomized controlled trials (RCTs) may not reflect the global distribution of disease. We assessed the geographic diversity of RCT leaders and explored associations with geographic representation of enrolled participants among impactful HF RCTs.

Methods and results
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL for HF RCTs published in journals with impact factor ≥ 10 between January 2000 and June 2020. We used the Jonckheere–Terpstra test to assess temporal trends and multivariable logistic regression models to explore associations between predictors and outcomes. There were 414 eligible RCTs. Only 80 of 828 trial leaders [9.7%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 7.8–11.8%] and 453 of 4656 collaborators (9.7%; 95% CI: 8.8–10.6%) were from outside Europe and North America, with no change in temporal trends and with greater disparities in large RCTs. The adjusted odds of trial leadership outside Europe and North America were lower with industry funding [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.33; 95% CI: 0.15–0.75; P = 0.008]. Among 157 416 participants for whom geography was reported, only 14.5% (95% CI: 14.3–14.7%) were enrolled outside Europe and North America, but odds of enrolment were 10-fold greater with trial leadership outside Europe and North America (aOR: 10.0; 95% CI: 5.6–19.0; P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
Regions disproportionately burdened with HF are under-represented in HF trial leadership, collaboration, and enrolment. RCT leadership outside Europe and North America is independently associated with participant enrolment in under-represented regions. Increasing research capacity outside Europe and North America could enhance trial diversity and generalizability.
Family support modifies the effect of changes to same-sex marriage legislation on LGB mental health: evidence from a UK cohort study
Authors: Teo Celine , Metheny Nicholas , Chum Antony 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Many lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) individuals continue to experience unique challenges, such as the lack of family support and access to same-sex marriage. This study examines the effect of the introduction of same-sex marriage in the UK (2013–14) on mental health functioning among sexual minorities, and investigates whether low family support may hamper the positive effects of marriage equality legislation among LGB individuals.

Methods
This analysis included LGB participants (n = 2172) from the UK household longitudinal study waves 3–7, comprising two waves before and two waves after marriage equality legislation passed in England, Wales and Scotland. Individual-level mental health functioning was measured using the mental component score (MCS-12) of the Short Form-12 survey. Fixed-effect panel linear models examined the effect of marriage equality on MCS-12 across varying family support levels. Analyses included adjustment for covariates and survey weights.

Results
Legalization of same-sex marriage was independently associated with an increase of 1.17 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.28–2.05] MCS-12 in men and 1.13 (95% CI: 0.47–2.27) MCS-12 in women. For men, each additional standard deviation of family support modified the effect of legalization on mental health functioning by +0.70 (95% CI: 0.22–1.18) MCS-12 score. No interaction was found in women.

Conclusions
Our findings provide evidence that same-sex marriage will likely improve LGB mental health functioning, and these effects may be generalizable to other European countries. Since male sexual minorities with low family support benefited the least, additional interventions aimed at improving family support and acceptance of this group is required to help reduce mental health disparities.
Optimization of Alcian blue pH 1.0 histo-staining protocols to match mass spectrometric quantification of sulfomucins and circumvent false positive results due to sialomucins
Authors: Padra János Tamás , Lindén Sara K 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Sulfomucins are in some body locations and species a normal occurrence, whereas in other situations, are a sign of pathology. Sulfomucin content on histological sections and isolated material is frequently analyzed with Alcian blue staining at pH 1.0. However, since the stain detects the charge, a high density of other charged molecules, such as sialic acids, has potential to impede specificity. Here, we compared the outcome from four staining protocols with the level of sulfation determined by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric analysis on samples from various tissues with variable sulfation and sialylation levels. We found that a protocol we designed, including rinsing with MetOH and 0.5 M NaCl buffer at pH 1.0, eliminates the false positive staining of tissues outperforming commonly recommended solutions. In tissues with low-to-moderately sulfated mucins (e.g. human stomach and salmonid epithelia), this method enables accurate relative quantification (e.g. sulfate scoring comparisons between healthy and diseased tissues), whereas the range of the method is not suitable for comparisons between tissues with high sulfomucin content (e.g. pig stomach and colon).
Between-country analysis of implementing an obesity prevention intervention using RE-AIM: HENRY in Israel and UK
Authors: Rudolf Mary C J , Bord Shiran , Hasson Ronnie , Sahar Yair , Rubin Lisa , Manor Niva , Paldi Yuval , Baron-Epel Orna 
Published: August 2021

Summary
Health Exercise Nutrition for the Really Young (HENRY) is a UK community–based early childhood obesity prevention intervention that was adopted and implemented in Israel between 2013 and 2018. The aim of this study was to explore the implementation process in Israel and compare it with that of the ‘parent’ programme in the UK, in order to throw light on the challenges of introducing complex interventions into different countries and cultures. Published reports from HENRY and Haifa University’s evaluation of the Israeli implementation were reviewed and comparisons between the UK and Israel were carried out utilizing the RE-AIM framework. In both countries, the intention was to implement in lower SES communities. When comparing the individual items, Reach and Effectiveness, we found a difference in the Reach although Effectiveness was similar: Reach was proportionally lower in Israel, but parent and professional changes in behaviour were positive in both countries. For the organizational items Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance, we found large differences between the countries. Major challenges identified in Israel included: failing to take adequate account when planning and implementing the intervention of the different ways social and health services are organized and how local authorities are structured and provide services. In addition, differences in culture beyond language and professional variations were challenges, when trying to transfer the intervention with high fidelity from the UK to Israel. Lessons learnt may benefit others in attempting cross-country implementation of complex interventions
The mutation c.346-1G &gt; A in SOHLH1 impairs sperm production in the homozygous but not in the heterozygous condition
Authors: Liu Mohan , Yang Yihong , Wang Yan , Chen Suren , Shen Ying 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) is an important cause of male infertility, and the genetic pathogenesis is still incompletely understood. The previous study reported that heterozygous mutation of c.346-1G &gt; A in spermatogenesis and oogenesis specific basic helix–loop–helix 1 (SOHLH1) was identified in two NOA patients and suggested it is the pathogenic factor for NOA. However, in our research, this heterozygous mutation was confirmed in three Chinese infertile patients who suffered from teratozoospermia, but they had normal sperm number. Intriguingly, a homozygous mutation of c.346-1G &gt; A in SOHLH1 was detected in a severe oligozoospermia (SOZ) patient, characterized with severely decreased sperm count. Notably, we unprecedently revealed that this homozygous mutation of c.346-1G &gt; A in SOHLH1 leads to the sharp decrease in various germ cells and spermatogenesis dysfunction, which is similar to the phenotype of SOHLH1 knockout male mice. Moreover, western blotting confirmed that the homozygous mutation declined SOHLH1 protein expression. Additionally, we correlated the good prognosis of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in the patients carrying the mutation of c.346-1G &gt; A in SOHLH1. Thus, we suggested that the heterozygous mutation of c.346-1G &gt; A in SOHLH1 is responsible for teratozoospermia, and this homozygous mutation in SOHLH1 impairs spermatogenesis and further leads to the reduced sperm count, eventually causing male infertility, which unveils a new recessive-inheritance pattern of SOHLH1-associated male infertility initially.
Pricing energy quanto options in the framework of Markov-modulated additive processes
Authors: Benth Fred E , Deelstra Griselda , Kozpınar And Sinem 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Energy quanto options are risk management tools that have a payoff similar to the product of the payoffs of two options, each written on an energy-related underlying. These options, as opposed to standardized contracts that only account for price risk, are designed to manage both volumetric and price risk in energy markets. Since the use of such options enables actors in the energy market also to hedge against production volume risk, they are becoming very popular. This paper considers the valuation of such an option on futures when the underlying futures prices are governed by Markov-modulated additive processes, which have independent but non-stationary increments within each regime. We derive a valuation formula by using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) technique under the assumption that the joint characteristic function of the log-futures prices is known analytically. We study this approximation under different regime-switching models. Several numerical case studies illustrate that our FFT-based valuation has a high precision and is much faster than Monte Carlo estimates.
The Politics of Emotions in International Relations: Who Gets to Feel What, Whose Emotions Matter, and the “History Problem” in Sino-Japanese Relations
Authors: Gustafsson Karl , Hall Todd H 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA large literature within the field of international relations has now explored both how emotions can shape political perceptions and behavior and how international actors may seek to manipulate, harness, or deploy emotions and emotional displays for political ends. Less attention, however, has been paid to how political struggles can also center upon issues of who can or should feel what emotion and whose feelings matter. Precisely, we theorize a distributive politics of emotion that can manifest in three general forms, all of which have their own properties and logics of contestation. The first centers on emotional obligations, understood as an actor's duties to feel and express specific emotions. The second concerns emotional entitlements, or the rights an actor enjoys to either feel or not feel certain emotions. And the third involves hierarchies of emotional deference, that is, the varying degrees of priority accorded to different actors’ feelings. We illustrate how the politics of emotions can unfold on the international stage by looking at developments in the so-called history problem within Sino-Japanese relations.
The administration of diets contaminated with low to intermediate doses of deoxynivalenol and supplemented with antioxidants and binding agents slightly affects the growth, antioxidant status, and vaccine response in weanling pigs
Authors: Lo Verso Luca , Dumont Kristina , Lessard Martin , Lauzon Karoline , Provost Chantale , Gagnon Carl A , Chorfi Younes , Guay Frédéric 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the impact of grading levels of deoxynivalenol (DON) in the diet of weaned pigs, as well as the effects of a supplementation with antioxidants (AOX), hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicates (HSCAS), and their combination on the growth, AOX status, and immune and vaccine responses against the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). At weaning, 336 piglets were allocated to six dietary treatments according to a randomized complete block design. Treatments were as follows: basal diet (CTRL); basal diet containing DON at 1.2 mg/kg (DON1.2); basal diet containing DON at 2.4 mg/kg (DON2.4); DON2.4 diet + a mix of AOX which included vitamins A and E at 20,000 IU and 200 IU/kg feed respectively, selenized yeast at 0.3 mg/kg, and a grape seed extracts at 100 mg/kg feed (DON2.4 + AOX); DON2.4 diet + the mix of AOX and the modified HSCAS mentioned above (DON2.4 + AOX + HSCAS); DON2.4 + AOX + HSCAS. Pigs were vaccinated against PRRSV and PCV2 at 7 d; on 0, 14, and 35 d, growth performance was recorded, and blood samples were collected in order to evaluate the oxidative status, inflammatory blood markers, lymphocyte blastogenic response, and vaccine antibody response. Increasing intake of DON resulted in a quadratic effect at 35 d in the lymphocyte proliferative response to concanavalin A and PCV2 as well as in the anti-PRRSV antibody response, whereas the catalase activity decreased in DON2.4 pigs compared with the CTRL and DON1.2 groups (P ≤ 0.05). Compared with the DON2.4 diet, the AOX supplementation slightly reduced gain to feed ratio (P = 0.026) and increased the ferric reducing ability of plasma as well as α-tocopherol concentration (P &lt; 0.05), whereas the association of AOX + HSCAS increased the anti-PRRSV IgG (P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, the HSCAS supplement reduced haptoglobin levels in serum at 14 d compared with the DON2.4 group; however, its concentration decreased in all the experimental treatments from 14 to 35 d and particularly in the DON2.4 + AOX pigs, whereas a different trend was evidenced in the DON2.4 + HSCAS group, where over the same period haptoglobin concentration increased (P &lt; 0.05). Overall, our results show that the addition of AOX and HSCAS in the diet may alleviate the negative effects due to DON contamination on the AOX status and immune response of vaccinated weanling pigs.
How to Minimize Patient Anxiety From Screening Mammography
Authors: Pai Vidya R , Rebner Murray 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAnxiety has been portrayed by the media and some organizations and societies as one of the harms of mammography. However, one experiences anxiety in multiple different medical tests that are undertaken, including screening examinations; it is not unique to mammography. Some may argue that because this anxiety is transient, the so-called harm is potentially overstated, but for some women the anxiety is significant. Anxiety can increase or decrease the likelihood of obtaining a screening mammogram. There are multiple ways that anxiety associated with screening mammography can be diminished, including before, during, and after the examination. These include simple measures such as patient education, improved communication, being aware of the patient’s potential discomfort and addressing it, validating the patient’s anxiety as well as providing the patient with positive factual data that can easily be implemented in every breast center. More complex interventions include altering the breast center environment with multisensory stimulation, reorganization of patient flow to minimize wait times, and relaxation techniques including complementary and alternative medicine. In this article we will review the literature on measures that can be taken to minimize anxiety that would maximize the likelihood of a woman obtaining an annual screening mammogram.
Shifting Geographies: Herbert Bayer’s World Geo-Graphic Atlas and the Mapping of the Post-war Globe
Authors: Schum Courtney 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This article explores the intersection of Bauhaus principles, communication design, transnationalism, and postwar global affairs present in Herbert Bayer’s World Geo-Graphic Atlas. The book was produced exclusively for clients of the Chicago-based Container Corporation of America in 1953 as part of the company’s unique patronage of artists and designers. Driven by the design prowess Bayer honed as a Bauhaus instructor, it is exemplary of modernist informational graphics. However, the book is most notable for its encapsulation of postwar plurality. It visualizes geopolitical networks, air communication, comparative economic development, industrial resources, and mounting Soviet pressure, while maintaining the sophisticated design identity the Container Corporation adopted in its branding of products and itself. The World Geo-Graphic Atlas is here used as a case study to explore applications of Bauhaus reframing and design in the context of a postwar, capitalist America.
Natural substances derived from herbs or plants are promising sources of anticancer agents against colorectal cancer via triggering apoptosis
Authors: Liu Zi-Bo , Zhang Ting , Ye Xun , Liu Zi-Qi , Sun Xue , Zhang Li-Lin , Wu Chun-Jie 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Nowadays, one of the most common gastrointestinal cancers is colorectal cancer (CRC). Chemotherapy is still one of the main methods to treat cancer. However, the currently available synthetic chemotherapy drugs often cause serious adverse reactions. Apoptosis is generally considered as an ideal way for induction the death of tumour cells without the body’s inflammatory response, and it is reported that lots of natural agents could trigger various cancer cells to apoptosis. The overarching aim of this project was to elucidate the specific mechanisms by which natural substances induce apoptosis in CRC cells and to be used as an alternative therapeutic option in the future.

Key findings
The mechanisms for the pro-apoptotic effects of natural substances derived from herbs or plants include death receptor pathway, mitochondrial pathway, endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway, related signal transduction pathways (PI3K/Akt, MAPK, p53 signalling), and so on.

Summary
This paper updated this information regarding the anti-tumour effects of natural agents via induction of apoptosis against CRC, which would be beneficial for future new drug research regarding natural products from herbs or plants.
Long non-coding RNA HLA complex group 18 promotes gastric cancer progression by targeting microRNA-370-3p expression
Authors: Yuan Zhi , Zhang Yuan , Chen Peng , Liu Shuhong , Xin Li , Liu Chengxia 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Our research was aimed at investigating the biological character of human leukocyte antigen complex group 18 (HCG18) on gastric cancer (GC) progression and its potential mechanisms.

Methods
The expression characteristics and prognostic values of HCG18 in GC were evaluated through the GEPIA database and Kaplan–Meier plotter database. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot were used for quantification of messenger RNA expression, microRNA (miRNA) expression and protein expression. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were detected by cell counting kit-8 assay, 5′-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine assay and Transwell assay, respectively. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay were used for examination of the interactions among HCG18, miR-370-3p and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) 3′UTR.

Key findings
HCG18 expression was up-regulated in GC tissues, and its high expression was closely associated with increased tumour size, advanced TNM stage, poor differentiation of tumour tissues and unfavourable prognosis of patients with GC. Additionally, HCG18 overexpression promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of GC cells, and its knockdown suppressed the malignant phenotypes of GC cells. Furthermore, HCG18 served as a miRNA sponge to repress miR-370-3p and indirectly up-regulated EGFR expression in GC cells.

Conclusions
HCG18 served as a tumour-promoting factor in GC progression by modulating the miR-370-3p/EGFR axis.
Population pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide and 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide metabolite in patients with autoimmune glomerulonephritis
Authors: Iliopoulou Veatriki N , Charkoftaki Georgia , Cooper Jennifer C , Dokoumetzidis Aristides , Joy Melanie S 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To develop a simultaneous population pharmacokinetic model of cyclophosphamide (CY) and 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide (4-OH) in patients with glomerulonephritis.

Methods
In total, 23 patients participated in a pharmacokinetic evaluation using dense plasma sampling. A population pharmacokinetic model was developed in Monolix Suite 2020R1 that simultaneously describes the kinetics of CY and 4-OH. Several structural and residual error models were evaluated and patient variables were tested as potential covariates. The final model was selected based on visual predictive check and bootstrap. Simulations of plasma concentrations for various doses were conducted.

Key findings
A model including two compartments for CY and one for 4-OH was found to best describe the data. A proportional error model for both compounds was chosen. The following estimates were found for the main CY pharmacokinetic parameters: total clearance, 13.3 l/h with inter-individual variability (IIV) 32%, and central volume of distribution, 59.8 l with IIV 12%. The metabolite elimination rate constant was 4.3 h−1 with IIV 36% and the proportion of metabolism 64%. Sex was a significant covariate on the central volume of CY, with females exhibiting 25% lower value than males.

Conclusions
A population pharmacokinetic model was developed for CY and 4-OH in patients with autoimmune glomerulonephritis. Simulations using various dose regimens allow for informed dosing before the initiation of therapy.
Safe laparoscopic resection of a giant schwannoma in the retroperitoneum using a fluorescent ureteral stent: a case report
Authors: Nishimuta Masato , Sumida Yorihisa , Araki Masato , Wakata Kouki , Hamada Kiyoaki , Kugiyama Tota , Shibuya Ayako , Hashimoto Shintaro , Ozeki Keisuke , Morino Shigeyuki , Kiya Soichiro , Baba Masayuki , Nakamura Akihiro 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Schwannomas that occur in the retroperitoneal cavity are rare. We herein report a patient who underwent safe laparoscopic resection by using a preoperative 3D computed tomography (CT) image and a fluorescent ureteral stent during the surgery.
A 47-year-old man presented with left lower abdominal pain. CT showed a 10-cm continuous retroperitoneal tumor originating at the third lumbar nerve in the lower left abdomen. Schwannoma was suspected. We underwent laparoscopic resection of the tumor guided by 3D images obtained preoperatively. A fluorescent ureteral stent was implanted during the surgery to improve visibility and protect the left ureter. The resection was completed without injury of other organs and vessels. The patient was discharged on postoperative Day 5.
By performing a preoperative simulation using 3D CT images, we could anticipate the anatomical findings and easily identify them intraoperatively. In addition, the fluorescent ureteral stent provided visual support, thereby contributing to safe surgery.