bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival of the dysplastic hip after periacetabular osteotomy: a meta-analysis
Authors: Ahmad Sufian S , Giebel Gregor M , Perka Carsten , Meller Sebastian , Pumberger Matthias , Hardt Sebastian , Stöckle Ulrich , Konrads Christian 
Published: September 2021

Background: Periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) has become a popular procedure for re-orientation of the acetabulum in patients with a developmental pathomorphology. Since its first description by Reinhold Ganz in 1988, many institutions worldwide have adopted the procedure for the treatment of developmental hip dysplasia (DDH) and have subsequently reported their results. The aim of this study was to provide a meta-analysis of the likelihood of long-term survival of a dysplastic hip after PAO. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using Medline, Cochrane and “Web of Science” databases to identify articles reporting survival estimates for PAO in patients with DDH. To be included in the analysis, studies had to include patient cohorts aged <40 years, with Osteoarthritis grade < Tönnis III and no form of neuromuscular dysplasia. Adjustment for cohort overlap was performed. Quality assessment included level of evidence (LOE) according to the oxford center for LOE criteria and the “Methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS)”. After data extraction, a random-effects meta-analytical model was applied to provide weighted mean estimates of survival at 5 years, 10 years, 15 years and 20 years. Results: Nine relevant articles included 2268 dysplastic hips that underwent PAO in 9 institutions. Of the included studies, 5 presented level III evidence and 4 presented level IV evidence. The MINORS score was 11 for 3 studies, 12 for 4 studies and 13 for 2 studies. The 5-year survival after PAO was 96.1% (95% CI, 94.9–97.3), the 10-year survival was 91.3% (95% CI, 87.7–94.8), 15-year survival 85.0% (95% CI, 78.9–91.1), 20-year survival 67.6% (95% CI, 53.9–81.3). Conclusions: The results provide a representative survival estimate of a dysplastic hip after PAO based on global evidence. This should provide clinicians and patients with an adequate reflection of prognostic expectations after this kind of surgery.
E-nside Off-the-Shelf Inner Branch Stent Graft: Technical Aspects of Planning and Implantation
Authors: Zimmermann Alexander , Menges Anna-Leonie , Rancic Zoran , Meuli Lorenz , Dueppers Philip , Reutersberg Benedikt 
Published: September 2021

Purpose This article aims to present all aspects regarding patient selection, planning, and implantation technique for a new off-the-shelf pre-cannulated multi-inner branch stent graft. The stent graft comes in 4 different versions with proximal diameters of 33 and 38 mm and distal diameters of 26 and 30 mm. The 4 inner branches are located in the middle segment, which has a diameter of 24 mm. Technique With inner branch technology, the field of application for the treatment of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAA) has been further extended. In addition to routine use in elective cases the pre-cannulation of the inner branches predisposes especially for emergencies. Pre-cannulation is intended to reduce the time to cannulation and the radiation dose. All steps of planning, stent-graft deployment, and cannulation of the inner branches are described in detail. Conclusion The E-nside stent graft represents a promising new endovascular therapy in the treatment of acute and elective TAAA. By using inner branch technology, this endograft combines the advantages of fenestrated and branched stent grafts. Indication, planning, and implantation require experience in branched and fenestrated stent graft technology.
A multicenter survey on the aspects of everyday life in adult patients with primary antibody deficiencies treated with immunoglobulin G replacement during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Napiórkowska-Baran Katarzyna , Rosada Tomasz , Więsik-Szewczyk Ewa , Ziętkiewicz Marcin , Matyja-Bednarczyk Aleksandra , Baranowska Karolina , Alska Ewa , Tykwińska Marta , Szynkiewicz Ewa , Zacniewski Robert , Grochowalska Kinga , Bartuzi Zbigniew 
Published: September 2021

Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has changed many aspects of everyday life. Patients with primary immunodeficiency (PID) are in a particularly difficult situation. The purpose of the present study was to contribute to the very limited research on the everyday aspects of functioning in PID patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The survey included 85 adult PID patients treated with immunoglobulin replacement therapy in four reference centers for immunology. Everyday functioning of the patients as well as their opinion concerning new solutions in medical care were analyzed. Results During the pandemic, the percentage of patients experiencing fear/anxiety has increased from 47% to 70%. The wide dissemination of information about the SARS-CoV-2 in the media has increased anxiety in 40% of the patients. Patients diagnosed with PID were most afraid of the exposure to contact with strangers, especially in public places. As many as 67 respondents (79%) considered the introduction of restrictions concerning social functioning as good. Only every fifth person learned about the pandemic from reliable sources. Eighty three percent of the patients receiving immunoglobulin substitution experienced less fear of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The patients positively evaluated the solutions related to the direct delivery of drugs to the place of residence in order to continue home IgRT therapy. Fifty three respondents (62.5%) believed that the possibility of a remote consultation was a very good solution. Conclusion It is necessary to increase educational activities concerning the pandemic provided by health care professionals, as patients obtain information mainly from the media and the Internet, which adversely affects the feeling of anxiety. The pandemic, in addition to the very negative impact on patients and the deterioration of their daily functioning, has made patients appreciate their life more, devote more time to family and friends, and do things they like.
International Variability in Spinal Metastasis Treatment: A Survey of the AO Spine Community
Authors: Pennington Zach , Porras Jose L. , Larry Lo Sheng-Fu , Sciubba Daniel M. 
Published: September 2021

Study Design International survey. Objectives To assess variability in the treatment practices for spinal metastases as a function of practice setting, surgical specialty, and fellowship training among an international group of spine surgeons. Methods An anonymous internet-based survey was disseminated to the AO Spine membership. The questionnaire contained items on practice settings, fellowship training, indications used for spinal metastasis surgery, surgical strategies, multidisciplinary team use, and postoperative follow-up priorities and practice. Results 341 gave complete responses to the survey with 76.3% identifying spinal oncology as a practice focus and 95.6% treating spinal metastases. 80% use the Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score (SINS) to guide instrumentation decision-making and 60.7% recruit multidisciplinary teams for some or all cases. Priorities for postoperative follow-up are adjuvant radiotherapy (80.9%) and systemic therapy (74.8%). Most schedule first follow-up within 6 weeks of surgery (62.2%). Significant response heterogeneity was seen when stratifying by practice in an academic or university-affiliated center, practice in a cancer center, completion of a spine oncology fellowship, and self-identification as a tumor specialist. Respondents belonging to any of these categories were more likely to utilize SINS ( P < .01-.02), recruit assistance from plastic surgeons (all P < .01), and incorporate radiation oncologists in postoperative care ( P < .01-.03). Conclusions The largest variability in practice strategies is based upon practice setting, spine tumor specialization, and completion of a spine oncology fellowship. These respondents were more likely to use evidenced-based practices. However, the response variability indicates the need for consensus building, particularly for postoperative spine metastasis care pathways and multidisciplinary team use.
A Study of United Missions and Interboard Committees
Authors: Noren Loren E. 
Published: September 2021

The Reverend Loren E. Noren is a missionary of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Societies, stationed in Kong Kong. He was educated at Ottawa University in Kansas and at Andover-Newton Theological School in Massachusetts. He served in Swatow, China, from 1946 to 1952 and has been Secretary. Treasurer of the American Baptist Mission in Hong Kong since 1954. When the Missionary Research Library was asked to undertake research for appraisal of various cooperative efforts in foreign missions, an Advisory Committee for the Study of United Missions ana Interboard Agencies was set up, with Dr. Barnerd M. Luben, then Executive Secretary of the Board for the Christian World Mission of the Reformed Church in America, as chairman. Mr, Noren, on furlough, was asked to conduct this research, under the supervision of the Advisory Committee, the Missionary Research Library, and the faculty of Union Theological Seminary. The study was accepted in partial fulfillment of requirements for the S.T.M. degree at Union Seminary. It has been published by the Missionary Research Library under the some title as that of this Occasional Bulletin. It is available at a price of $1,50, postage included. The terms used, new to the modern missionary endeavor and unique to the American undertakings in mission, reflect a similar approach to a united effort but with differences arising out of historical situations. The “United Mission” represents an instrument by which several denominational mission boards Join in initiating and carrying on missionary work in newer territory with a view to providing from the outset a united evangelical witness. The “Interboard Committee” represents a technique by which several denominational mission agencies undertake cooperative administration of work in situations where indigenous churches, once related to the mission-supporting denominations, are already united into a single church. Few even among those acquainted with missions are aware of the thrilling and pioneering character of these approaches to the fulfillment of the missionary obligation. Therefore we are happy to present a summary of Mr. Noren's study.
Single-route CNS prophylaxis for aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphomas: real-world outcomes from 21 US academic institutions
Authors: Orellana-Noia Victor Manuel , Reed Daniel R. , McCook Ashley Alesia , Sen Jeremy Michael , Barlow Christian M. , Malecek Mary-Kate , Watkins Marcus , Kahl Brad S. , Spinner Michael A. , Advani Ranjana , Voorhees Timothy J. , Snow Anson , Grover Natalie Sophia , Ayers Amy , Romancik Jason , Liu Yuxin , Huntington Scott F. , Chavez Julio C. , Saeed Hayder , Lazaryan Aleksandr , Raghunathan Vikram , Spurgeon Stephen E. , Ollila Thomas A. , Del Prete Christopher , Olszewski Adam , Ayers Emily C. , Landsburg Daniel J. , Echalier Benjamin , Lee Jun , Kamdar Manali , Caimi Paolo F. , Fu Timothy , Liu Jieqi , David Kevin A. , Alharthy Hanan , Law Jennie , Karmali Reem , Shah Harsh , Stephens Deborah M. , Major Ajay , Rojek Alexandra E. , Smith Sonali M. , Yellala Amulya , Kallam Avyakta , Nakhoda Shazi , Khan Nadia , Sohail Mohammad Ahsan , Hill Brian T. , Barrett-Campbell Odeth , Lansigan Frederick , Switchenko Jeffrey , Cohen Jonathon , Portell Craig A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Prophylaxis is commonly used to prevent central nervous sy stem (CNS) relapse in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), with no clear standard of care. We retrospectively evaluated 1162 adult patients across 21 US academic centers with DLBCL or similar histologies who received single-route CNS prophylaxis as part of frontline therapy between 2013 and 2019. Prophylaxis was administered intrathecally(IT) in 894 (77%) and using systemic high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) in 236 (20%); 32 patients (3%) switched route due to toxicity and were assessed separately. By CNS-International Prognostic Index (IPI), 18% were considered low-risk, 51% moderate, and 30% high. Double-hit lymphoma (DHL) was confirmed in 243 of 866 evaluable patients (21%). Sixty-four patients (5.7%) had CNS relapse after median 7.1 months from diagnosis, including 15 of 64 (23%) within the first 6 months. There was no significant difference in CNS relapse between IT and HD-MTX recipients (5.4% vs 6.8%, P = .4), including after propensity score matching to account for differences between respective recipient groups. Weighting by CNS-IPI, expected vs observed CNS relapse rates were nearly identical (5.8% vs 5.7%). Testicular involvement was associated with high risk of CNS relapse (11.3%) despite most having lower CNS-IPI scores. DHL did not significantly predict for CNS relapse after single-route prophylaxis, including with adjustment for treatment regimen and other factors. This large study of CNS prophylaxis recipients with DLBCL found no significant difference in CNS relapse rates between routes of administration. Relapse rates among high-risk subgroups remain elevated, and reconsideration of prophylaxis strategies in DLBCL is of critical need.
Autologous transplant vs chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for relapsed DLBCL in partial remission
Authors: Shadman Mazyar , Pasquini Marcelo , Ahn Kwang Woo , Chen Yue , Turtle Cameron J. , Hematti Peiman , Cohen Jonathon B. , Khimani Farhad , Ganguly Siddhartha , Merryman Reid W. , Yared Jean A. , Locke Frederick L. , Ahmed Nausheen , Munshi Pashna N. , Beitinjaneh Amer , Reagan Patrick M. , Herrera Alex F. , Sauter Craig S. , Kharfan-Dabaja Mohamed A. , Hamadani Mehdi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The relative efficacy of autologous hematopoietic cell transplant (auto-HCT) vs chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) who achieve a partial remission (PR) after salvage chemotherapy is not known. Using the Center for International Blood & Marrow Transplant Research registry database, we identified adult patients with DLBCL who received either an auto-HCT (2013-2019) or CAR-T treatment with axicabtagene ciloleucel (2018-2019) while in a PR by computed tomography or positron emission tomography scan. We compared the clinical outcomes between the 2 cohorts using univariable and multivariable regression models after adjustment for relevant baseline and clinical factors. In the univariable analysis, the 2-year progression-free survival (52% vs 42%; P = .1) and the rate of 100-day nonrelapse mortality (4% vs 2%; P = .3) were not different between the 2 cohorts, but consolidation with auto-HCT was associated with a lower rate of relapse/progression (40% vs 53%; P = .05) and a superior overall survival (OS) (69% vs 47%; P = .004) at 2 years. In the multivariable regression analysis, treatment with auto-HCT was associated with a significantly lower risk of relapse/progression rate (hazard ratio = 1.49; P = .01) and a superior OS (hazard ratio = 1.63; P = .008). In patients with DLBCL in a PR after salvage therapy, treatment with auto-HCT was associated with a lower incidence of relapse and a superior OS compared with CAR-T. These data support the role of auto-HCT as the standard of care in transplant-eligible patients with relapsed DLBCL in PR after salvage therapy.
Follicular lymphoma and macrophages: impact of approved and novel therapies
Authors: Gouni Sushanth , Marques-Piubelli Mario L. , Strati Paolo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe survival and proliferation of follicular lymphoma (FL) cells are strongly dependent on macrophages, because their presence is necessary for the propagation of FL cells in vitro. To this regard, as also shown for the majority of solid tumors, a high tissue content of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), particularly if showing a protumoral phenotype (also called M2), is strongly associated with a poor outcome among patients with FL treated with chemotherapy. The introduction of rituximab, an anti-CD20 antibody that can be used by TAMs to facilitate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis, has challenged this paradigm. In the rituximab era, clinical studies have yielded conflicting results in FL, showing variable outcomes based on the type of regimen used. This highlighted, for the first time, that the impact of TAMs on the prognosis of patients with FL may depend on the administered treatment, emphasizing the need to better understand how currently available therapies affect macrophage function in FL. We summarize the impact of approved and novel therapies for FL, including radiation therapy, chemotherapy, anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies, lenalidomide, and targeted agents, on the biology of TAMs and describe their effects on macrophage phagocytosis, polarization, and function. Although novel agents targeting the CD47/SIRPα axis are being developed and show promising activity in FL, a deeper understanding of macrophage biology and their complex pathways will help to develop novel and safer therapeutic strategies for patients with this type of lymphoma.
What can student-generated animations tell us about students’ conceptions of evolution?
Authors: Orraryd Daniel , Tibell Lena A. E. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
A large body of research has investigated students’ conceptions of evolutionary changes and emphasizes that students have alternative conceptions about their causes. A conventional way to monitor students’ conceptions is through inventories where researchers analyse their written answers. However, textbooks are being increasingly complemented with, or even replaced by, various multimedia materials where multiple modes are used to communicate evolutionary processes. This has profound implications for students’ learning, and highlights that allowing different modes of expression may influence which knowledge they present. Therefore, the goal of this exploratory study is to expand the understanding of students’ conceptions of evolution through natural selection by applying student-generated stop-motion animations to reveal their conceptions. Forty-seven Swedish upper secondary school students generated 18 animations concerning evolution through natural selection. We analysed these animations qualitatively using content analysis to reveal key concepts, alternative conceptions and connections between organizational levels and time. This analysis is related to findings from previous studies on students’ conceptions of evolutionary change.

Results
Our study highlights some of the benefits and limitations of using these two assessment methods. In terms of identifying alternative conceptions, a clear difference between the results of the two methods of assessment was observed. In particular, the alternative conception of essentialism appeared to a lesser extent in the student’s animations than in their written responses, while natural selection as an event was more prevalent.

Conclusions
These findings support the view that students’ expression of different misconceptions is influenced by the context and representational form. The work also reveals that generating stop-motion animations to explain scientific concepts is an engaging approach that stimulates students to explore their understanding in a creative and personal manner. This is potentially positive for engagement and learning. The potential for complementing standard paper-and-pen tests with tasks that encompass stop-motion animations is also discussed.
Improving structural variant clustering to reduce the negative effect of the breakpoint uncertainty problem
Authors: Geryk Jan , Zinkova Alzbeta , Zedníková Iveta , Simková Halina , Stenzl Vlastimil , Korabecna Marie 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Structural variants (SVs) represent an important source of genetic variation. One of the most critical problems in their detection is breakpoint uncertainty associated with the inability to determine their exact genomic position. Breakpoint uncertainty is a characteristic issue of structural variants detected via short-read sequencing methods and complicates subsequent population analyses. The commonly used heuristic strategy reduces this issue by clustering/merging nearby structural variants of the same type before the data from individual samples are merged.

Results
We compared the two most used dissimilarity measures for SV clustering in terms of Mendelian inheritance errors (MIE), kinship prediction, and deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. We analyzed the occurrence of Mendelian-inconsistent SV clusters that can be collapsed into one Mendelian-consistent SV as a new measure of dataset consistency. We also developed a new method based on constrained clustering that explicitly identifies these types of clusters.

Conclusions
We found that the dissimilarity measure based on the distance between SVs breakpoints produces slightly better results than the measure based on SVs overlap. This difference is evident in trivial and corrected clustering strategy, but not in constrained clustering strategy. However, constrained clustering strategy provided the best results in all aspects, regardless of the dissimilarity measure used.
Enumeration and comprehensive in-silico modeling of three-helix bundle structures composed of typical αα-hairpins
Authors: Sakuma Koya , Minami Shintaro 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
The design of protein structures from scratch requires special attention to the combination of the types and lengths of the secondary structures and the loops required to build highly designable backbone structure models. However, it is difficult to predict the combinations that result in globular and protein-like conformations without simulations. In this study, we used single-chain three-helix bundles as simple models of protein tertiary structures and sought to thoroughly investigate the conditions required to construct them, starting from the identification of the typical αα-hairpin motifs.

Results
First, by statistical analysis of naturally occurring protein structures, we identified three αα-hairpins motifs that were specifically related to the left- and right-handedness of helix-helix packing. Second, specifying these αα-hairpins motifs as junctions, we performed sequence-independent backbone-building simulations to comparatively build single-chain three-helix bundle structures and identified the promising combinations of the length of the α-helix and αα-hairpins types that results in tight packing between the first and third α-helices. Third, using those single-chain three-helix bundle backbone structures as template structures, we designed amino acid sequences that were predicted to fold into the target topologies, which supports that the compact single-chain three-helix bundles structures that we sampled show sufficient quality to allow amino-acid sequence design.

Conclusion
The enumeration of the dominant subsets of possible backbone structures for small single-chain three-helical bundle topologies revealed that the compact foldable structures are discontinuously and sparsely distributed in the conformational space. Additionally, although the designs have not been experimentally validated in the present research, the comprehensive set of computational structural models generated also offers protein designers the opportunity to skip building similar structures by themselves and enables them to quickly focus on building specialized designs using the prebuilt structure models. The backbone and best design models in this study are publicly accessible from the following URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4321632.