bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Letter To The Editor
Authors: Christopherson E. H. , Yankauer Alfred 
Published: December 2021

For the Committee, and its subcommittee most closely involved, Dr. Christopherson and Dr. Yankauer replied to this letter as follows:
At one stage in the development of the Committee's Statement on Child Health and Community Health Centers in the Americas, it included almost all the points which Dr. Elbualy has raised in his letter. These were eventually reduced to a few words in the eighth and ninth paragraphs of the published statement which refer to the "overwhelming social, economic, and cultural inequities and inadequacies" which lead to high mortality among the children of the poor.
ADVICE ABOUT EDUCATING THE SLOW CHILD IN 1812
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Maria Anne Campbell1 in 1812 wrote a delightful book about female education including her ideas on the special needs of the slow child. Many of her suggestions cited below concerning the teaching of such a child are surprisingly modern:
There are many slow children, who are frequently confounded with those who are naturally dull, by preceptors who are not capable of discerning the different capacities of children committed to their care, or who perhaps, form their opinions too hastily on the subject; and from the mode of treatment, generally adopted . . . arises many errors. . . . They (slow children) are frequently told by their teachers, that they are incorrigible dunces. . . .This treatment so depresses their spirit, and suspends the free exercise of their faculties, that they begin to think it quite unnecessary to make any further exertion, imagining that they lie under an insurmountable natural defect. And thus it happens that more children are made dunces than born so.
When a child is known to possess a slow perception, care should be taken to impress habits of the strictest perseverance on her, and let not her dullness be treated as an irreparable misfortune. On the contrary, she should be told that by strict application to her studies, she may at length equal, if not surpass those of the most brilliant parts. Historical examples may be quoted to shew (sic) her the advantages that are to be derived from perseverance; amongst others, that celebrated one of Demosthenes' having overcome a great natural defect by perseverance. . .
RESEARCH ISSUES IN CHILD HEALTH
Authors: Birch Herbert G. 
Published: December 2021

The discussion of research issues in child health and nutrition at this symposium has centered around what are really two different types of questions. One type of question is in regard to political imperatives: imperatives for social and economic change, imperatives for change in the circumstances of whole segments of population, and imperatives for the expression of dignity and for the expression of self-determination on the part of these segments of the population. The second type of question, which has been confused with rather than integrated with the first, concerns research issues and research problems that may be confronted in the area of health, education, and development, particularly as it affects certain segments of the population which are called "socially disadvantaged."
This "disadvantaged" population has not merely been culturally deprived. Its members have been exploited. They have been segregated in the community. They have been subjected to excessive and unbearable patterns of insult for centuries. They have been deprived of housing, of health, of educational and economic opportunities, and of a variety of other things. Our discussion takes place in an atmosphere in which a significant segment of this part of the American population is expressing itself in various and heterogeneous ways and in many different voices, but with a common message, namely, "We wish to be heard. We wish to be determiners of our own destinies. We wish to define the kinds of problems we have and the ways in which the problems we have are to be approached. problems we have are to be approached.
Vitamin K Deficiency and So-called Nodular Purpura in Infancy
Authors: Burgio G. R. , Vaccaro R. 
Published: December 2021

Goldman and Amadio (Pediatrics, 44:745, 1969) recently reviewed 15 cases (including 3 not previously published) of "vitamin K deficiency bleeding after the newborn period" and attributed the cause of this deficiency to a low dietary intake of vitamin K and low intestinal supply.
We would like to point out that the same factors have been considered for a clinical condition of vitamin K deficiency after the newborn period, indicated as "nodular purpura in infancy." This definition was suggested by the presence of hemorrhagic infiltrations on the skin.
Clinical Disorders of Hemoglobin Structure and Synthesis, by Thomas F. Necheles, M.D., Ph.D., Donald M. Allen, M.D., and Harvey E. Finkel, M.D., F.A.C.P., with a foreword by Sydney S. Gellis, M.D. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, Education Division, Meredith Corporation (440 Park Avenue South, New York, New York 10016), 1969, 220 pp., $10.00
Authors: Pearson Howard A. 
Published: December 2021

During recent years a number of monographs have been published. describing the biochemical, genetic, and clinical aspects of normal and abnormal hemoglobin synthesis. Although this book covers the same ground, its tone and emphasis reflect the authors' clinical base. It is primarily directed to clinicians, and so it is particularly readable and useful.
After a brief survey of normal structure and synthesis, the authors concentrate on clinical and genetic aspects of abnormal hemoglobin syndromes. Most attention is devoted to sickle cell and Cooley's anemias.
WHAT AILED SAM STONE'S INFANT SON?
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

No physician of eminence came to this country during the seventeenth century. Medicine was practiced either by clergymen, or the Colonial Governors; both, at best, were only partly trained as physicians.1
The pathetic letter below, exactly as written by the child's father, was sent to John Winthrop, the Younger (1606-1676). This letter is typical of those Winthrop often received from desperate parents who had no other source of medical advice for their children.
Worthie Sir
I am bold to write a few lines about our child. he is 23 weeks old, hath been somewhat ill 3 or 4 weeks, unquiet, his eyes looking yellow, having a cough, especially when he takes his vistuals. wee thought he might have been breeding teeth: but about a week past we peceived yt. [that] he had the yellow Jaundise. By Mrs. Hooker her advice we gave him Barbaric barke boyled in beer, wth saffron, twice a day, for two dayes together. & one time saffron alone. Also lice 2 or 3 times [once thought to be of therapeutic value in jaundice] & Tumerick twice. we hoped yt. the Jaundise had been cured: because he was sometimes more cheareful & had a better appetite, but the last Saterdaie at night he was very unquiet heavie & could not sleep & upon the Sabbath seemed to looke somewhat swart [flushed] in the face. In the afternoone we gave him about 3 quarters of a grain of your purging powder, which we had of Mrs. haynes which caused him to vomit twice or thrice, & to purge downwards thrice he slept well the night after & in the morning was somewhat unquiet again as before, wringing & winding back.
THE CRITICALLY ILL CHILD: RESPIRATORY ARREST AND ITS SEQUELAE
Authors: Smith Robert M. 
Published: December 2021

The term respiratory arrest is at once an admission of inaccuracy and confusion, since it can only stand for the chaos of a bad accident or, worse, the unhappy occasion where a patient has been allowed to slip through the measurable stages of respiratory failure due to neglect, poor judgment, or inadequate therapy.
Unfortunately, we do find ourselves confronted by children in respiratory arrest all too frequently. Regardless of the cause, salvage of many of them depends not only upon management of the emergency itself, about which there has been considerable discussion, but also upon management of the sequelae, an area which deserves more attention. Actually, the two phases are markedly different: the emergency period demands instant action, rapid thinking, and efficient organization, while the recovery period requires more sophisticated evaluation and grueling observation and sometimes ends in painful decision.
MANAGEMENT OF EMERGENCY PHASE
The two principal factors in emergency care of children in respiratory arrest are: (1) the preparation for such incidents, and (2) an organized response to the emergency when it occurs.
Preparation
Suitable Treatment Areas: Wellequipped hospitals will have apparatus for resuscitation in emergency rooms for accidents and outpatient care, and in intensive care units for long-term respiratory therapy. Also, the hospitals will have portable resuscitation kits on all nursing divisions.
Equipment: In each of the preceding areas, suction apparatus, oxygen, airways, laryngoscopes, endotracheal tubes, self-in-flating breathing bags, masks, syringes, needies, and suitable drugs (Table I) are stocked, easily available, and ready for use. Mechanical ventilators are seldom necessary for emergency use, but they might be available in intensive care units where more extensive monitoring and diagnostic equipment should be maintained.
THE BOOK OF ACCIDENTS: DESIGNED FOR YOUNG CHILDREN
Authors: Cone Thomas E. 
Published: December 2021

In 1830 a long-forgotten printer published a small chapbook by an unknown author bearing the title The Book of Accidents; Designed for Young Children. This small paper-covered book, which remains unlisted in any of the standard bibliographies of children's books, contains a number of lessons written for children illustrating in both prose and woodcut some of the pitfalls to which children are liablefalling out of a window, falling out of a coach, playing with firearms, crossing streets, tumbling down stairs, and so forth.
Although written almost a century and a half ago, many of our readers may find these lessons more effective—and I suspect a good deal more engaging—than most of the contemporary accident prevention pamphlets written for children.
The appearance in 1830 of a children's book concerned with accidents may come as a surprise because, to my knowledge, none of the standard pediatric texts contained such information until the turn of the century.
INTERNATIONAL FOOD AND NUTRITION PROGRAMS
Authors: Filer L. J. , Barness Lewis A. , Goldbloom Richard B. , Holliday Malcolm A. , Miller Robert W. , O'Brien Donough , Pearson Howard A. , Scriver Charles R. , Weil William B. , Kline O. L. , Whitten Charles , Cravioto Joaquin 
Published: December 2021

Workers in the pediatric field have recognized that undernutrition is of major importance in developing countries around the world and have expressed interest in the extent to which efforts have been made in the United States to deal with this problem. This report attempts to bring together information from a wide variety of sources and to summarize the considerable efforts that have been made in dealing with these problems of undernutrition. It may provide a basis for future planning and involvement on the part of those concerned with solutions for the food problems abroad as well as the application of experience with them to situations in this country.
The vital importance of nutrition was forcefully described by the President's Science Advisory Committee in its 1968 report on the "World Food Problem."
The principal findings and conclusions reached were stated as follows:
1. the scale, severity, and duration of the world food problem are so great that a massive, long-range, innovative effort unprecedented in human history will be required to master it;
2. the solution of the problem that will exist after about 1985 demands that programs of family planning and population control be initiated now. The food supply is critical for the immediate future;
3. food supply is directly related to agricultural development and, in turn, agricultural development and overall economic development are critically interdependent in the hungry countries; and
4. a strategy for attacking the world food problem will, of necessity, encompass the entire foreign economic assistance effort of the United States in concert with other developed countries, voluntary institutions, and international organizations.
Pediatric and Pediatrics
Authors: Riley Harris D. 
Published: December 2021

I wish to express my concern with the widespread, incorrect use of the words "pediatric" and "pediatrics." With increasing frequency, medical journals and even more often, people in conversation, use such phrases as "pediatrics resident," "pediatrics service," and "pediatrics department," employing a noun as a modifier of another noun.
Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language states:
pediatric also paediatric/ /adj. (paed- + -iadnic): of or relating to the care and medical treatment of children (an effective ~ service): belonging to or concerned with pediatrics.
Letter To The Editor
Authors: Tobin Jordan D. , Roux Jacques F. , Soeldner J. Stuart 
Published: December 2021

Drs. Tobin, Roux, and Soeldner comment as follows:
We have read with interest the letter of Drs. Cordero, Grunt, and Anderson and appreciate their sharing their experiences with us. It is possible that the differences in both the dose (1.0 gm/kg versus 0.5 gm/kg) and the time of the infusion (10 minutes versus 3 minutes) account for some of the differences in our resuits. The prolonged maternal hyperinsulinemia might be responsible for the late rise seen in some of their fetuses and may represent transplacental crossing of insulin as well as fetal insulin production.
Letter To The Editor
Authors: Nejedlá Zdenka 
Published: December 2021

Dr. Nejedlá comments as follows:
I agree with Dr. R. H. Rapkin's opinion that it would be necessary to examine a further group of neonates with hyperbilirubinemia without incompatibility to prove completely the influence of bilirubin on the development of immunologic reactivity. At present we have such a group under observation. Only one child of the 12 mentioned in our study, did not show any incompatibility.
However, I cannot agree with the explanation of Dr. Rapkin that maternal placentally transferred antibodies suppress the antibody formation by the infants still at the age of 6 months.
Decalog for Pediatricians
Authors: Von Hofe Frederick H. 
Published: December 2021

The following is in response to your invitation on page 722 in Pediatrics, April, 1970.
I. Have no standing lamps or other pieces of furniture that can be readily thrown over or dislodged in the waiting room. Children should be permitted to learn by exploring. Don't cramp their style.
II. Don't wear white coats in private practice. A child readily associates the white coat with some previous unpleasant experience.
III. If crying makes auscultation and percussion of the lung difficult, have the mother hold the patient over her shoulder.
HISTIOCYTIC REACTION IN DYSGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA AND CONGENITAL RUBELLA
Authors: Claman Henry N. , Suvatte Vinai , Githens John H. , Hathaway William E. 
Published: December 2021

A girl was born of a mother who had rubella during the first trimester of pregnancy. The child showed failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, glaucoma, and nerve deafness. She also developed a dysgammaglobulinemia with low serum γM, low to absent γA, and high (19s) γM. She was treated with methyl prednisolone and vinblastine and appeared to improve; but, after an infection at age 3½, the lymphadenopathy returned and γG became undetectable. Peripheral blood cells were normally stimulated by phytohemagglutinin. A lymph node biopsy showed a marked histiocytic reaction pattern.
The incidence of "histiocytosis" in congenital rubella is reviewed, and the possible relations between congenital rubella, dysgammaglobulinemia, and histiocytic reactions are discussed. The following hypothesis is suggested: histiocytosis may be a tissue reaction to a persistent (viral) infection in the presence of an altered immune mechanism also caused by that infection.
PEDIATRIC GLOBALISM
Authors: Work Henry H. 
Published: December 2021

About a year ago in these pages there appeared a group of articles and commentaries which suggested that there continues to be a strong need for the pediatrician to practice "comprehensive care."1, 2 The urging in these commentaries was not different from that which has appeared over the years in pediatric journals. The evidence of such a recurrent phenomenon suggests that there is a group of individuals in the profession who continue to do such urging and others who appear to continue to resist the demand.
Recently, two letters have appeared in Pediatrics taking a position that there is a limit to pediatric activities and possibly that pediatricians are being overly coerced.
THYROID FUNCTION IN THE PRETERM FETUS
Authors: Fisher Delbert A. , Hobel Calvin J. , Garza Romulo , Pierce Claire A. 
Published: December 2021

Measurements of serum total thyroxine (T4), free thyroxine (FT4), and/or immunoreactive thyrotropin (TSH) were conducted on 14 pairs of maternal and cord blood specimens obtained at the time of elective therapeutic abortion of 11- to 18-week pregnancies and on 21 paired maternal and fetal cord blood specimens collected at the time of spontaneous, premature delivery of 22- to 34-week pregnancies. T4 concentrations were elevated in all maternal samples to levels characteristic of pregnancy; mean values were similar at 11 to 18 and at 22 to 34 weeks and did not differ from the mean level reported previously at term. Mean maternal TSH concentrations also were similar at 11 to 18 weeks, 22 to 34 weeks, and at term. The mean FT4 concentration in maternal serum between 11 and 18 weeks was significantly higher than the level reported previously at term. Fetal serum T4 and FT4 concentrations were low between 11 and 18 weeks and increased progressively between 22 weeks and term. Fetal serum TSH concentrations were low between 11 and 18 weeks of pregnancy but seemed to increase abruptly between 18 and 22 weeks to levels characteristic of term infants.
These data suggest that the maternal concentration of FT4 is higher early in pregnancy than at term, perhaps because of the higher blood levels of human chorionic thyrotropin in early pregnancy. They also indicate autonomous function of the fetal hypothalamic-pituitary control system as early as 12 weeks' gestation. The abrupt increase in fetal serum TSH between 18 and 22 weeks suggests rapid maturation of the fetal hypothalamic-pituitary unit during this period. The subsequent progressive increase in fetal FT4 concentration indicates an increasing thyroidal response to the TSH stimulus.
Letter To The Editor
Authors: Mortimer Edward A. 
Published: December 2021

We asked Drs. Edward Mortimer and Heinz Eichenwald for their comments. These follow:
I agree with Dr. Franciosi that the most practical guide to therapy of bacterial infections with antibiotics currently is the in vitro sensitivity test. There is, of course, some variability in results that depends on many factors, including techniques, which unfortunately may differ from time to time and between laboratories. However, most laboratories currently find about two thirds of E. coli strains sensitive to ampicillin, as noted by Dr. Franciosi.
WITCH DOCTORS
Authors: Williams Cicely 
Published: December 2021

As a refreshing departure from our usual articles, we welcome the chance to publish these perceptions of an unusual pediatrician. In presenting Dr. Cicely Williams to her Baltimore audience, Dr. Nicholas J. Fortuin said:
"Today we introduce to you a distinguished British woman of medicine. Though born in Jamaica, Dr. Williams received her early medical education in England, but later left for a tour with the colonial services in Ghana, where she began her life-long interest in tropical pediatrics and first described the disease we know today as kwashiorkor. After spending 7 years in Africa, Dr. Williams went to Singapore in 1936 as pediatrician to the College of Medicine and, after the second world war, became advisor in child health to the Federation of Malaya. Subsequently she became the first head of the World Health Organization's Department of Maternal and Child Health, and after some years of teaching and consulting work in England, Visiting Professor of Maternal and Child Health at the American University in Beirut in 1960. Dr. Williams returned to London to work with the Family Planning Association in recent years, where she has been able to pursue an interest in population control. Dr. Williams:"
I'm sorry if my title is misleading. It's a bit pretentious because it isn't really that I've had spectacular experiences with witch doctors; but, in wandering about the world I've met various unorthodox sorts of medicine and, rather than calling it "unorthodox," it seemed quicker to call it "witch doctors." In every type of medicine we depend largely on confidence, on patient reaction, often on empiricism.
BOOK OF ACCIDENTS
Authors: Cone Thomas E. 
Published: December 2021

Crossing streets was even hazardous for children 140 years ago, long before the invention of the automobile. The illustrated lesson below, from the first book on accident prevention written especially for children in the United States (1830), vividly describes what might happen to careless children who, in spite of warning, run across the street when carts are near.
The modern reader may well be surprised to find the tone of this lesson more severe than that used by contemporary writers of books for children. But, as Philippe Ariés has recently and convincingly shown, the child as an object to be "coddled" is a development of this century.
SULFONAMIDE COMBINATIONS: RECENT FDA ACTION
Authors: Weiss Charles F. , Yaffe Sumner J. , Cann Howard M. , Gold Arnold P. , Kenny Frederic M. , Riley Harris D. , Schafer Irwin , Stern Leo , Shirkey Harry C. 
Published: December 2021

The Committee on Drugs of the American Academy of Pediatrics has transmitted the following letter to the Federal Food and Drug Administration on the recent action by that agency regarding the use of sulfonamide combinations in pediatrics.
Your letter of September 12, 1969, regarding the role of systemic sulfonamides in the treatment of infections, has resulted in many comments being directed to the committee on Drugs of the American Academy of Pediatrics. Consequently, this matter was discussed during the Committee meeting held on October 20 and 21, 1969, in chicago. After careful and extensive review, the Committee wishes to express the following comments.
Sulfonamides have been shown to be of value in the treatment of certain infectious diseases in children, including acute otitis media, and penicillin and sulfonamides are generally recognized in combination as effective therapy in this common disorder. In young children where a high incidence of infection due to H. influenzae has been demonstrated, the usefulness of this combination is confirmed by the widespread clinical experience of Academy members, as well as by certain published controlled clinical studies.
While meningitis due to H. influenzae is included as an approved indication for sulfonamide therapy (reference your letter, Item 9), the Committee on Drugs regards the omission of otitis media as a serious error. As you know, otitis due to H. influenzae is often a precursor of meningitis in small children. Both of these infections are indications for the adjunctive use of sulfonamides, and to restrict its use to one is illogical and contrary to good medical practice.