bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconciling Asgardarchaeota Phylogenetic Proximity to Eukaryotes and Planctomycetes Cellular Features in the Evolution of Life
Authors: Devos Damien P 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe relationship between the three domains of life—Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya—is one of Biology’s greatest mysteries. Current favored models imply two ancestral domains, Bacteria and Archaea, with eukaryotes originating within Archaea. This type of models has been supported by the recent description of the Asgardarchaeota, the closest prokaryotic relatives of eukaryotes. However, there are many problems associated with any scenarios implying that eukaryotes originated from within the Archaea, including genome mosaicism, phylogenies, the cellular organization of the Archaea, and their ancestral character. By contrast, all models of eukaryogenesis fail to consider two relevant discoveries: the detection of membrane coat proteins, and of phagocytosis-related processes in Planctomycetes, which are among the bacteria with the most developed endomembrane system.Consideration of these often overlooked features and others found in Planctomycetes and related bacteria suggest an evolutionary model based on a single ancestral domain. In this model, the proximity of Asgard and eukaryotes is not rejected but instead, Asgard are considered as diverging away from a common ancestor instead of on the way toward the eukaryotic ancestor. This model based on a single ancestral domain solves most of the ambiguities associated with the ones based on two ancestral domains. The single-domain model is better suited to explain the origin and evolution of all three domains of life, blurring the distinctions between them. Support for this model as well as the opportunities that it presents not only for reinterpreting previous results, but also for planning future experiments, are explored.
Inferring single cell expression profiles from overlapped pooling sequencing data with compressed sensing strategy
Authors: Huang Mengting , Yang Yixuan , Wen Xingzhao , Xu Weiqiang , Lu Na , Sun Xiao , Tu Jing , Lu Zuhong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Though single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies have been well developed, the acquisition of large-scale single cell expression data may still lead to high costs. Single cell expression profile has its inherent sparse properties, which makes it compressible, thus providing opportunities for solutions. Here, by computational simulation as well as experiment of 54 single cells, we propose that expression profiles can be compressed from the dimension of samples by overlapped assigning each cell into plenty of pools. And we prove that expression profiles can be inferred from these pool expression data with overlapped pooling design and compressed sensing strategy. We also show that by combining this approach with plate-based scRNA-seq measurement, it can maintain its superiorities in gene detection sensitivity and individual identity and recover the expression profile with high precision, while saving about half of the library cost. This method can inspire novel conceptions on the measurement, storage or computation improvements for other compressible signals in many biological areas.
FTSH4 and OMA1 mitochondrial proteases reduce moderate heat stress-induced protein aggregation
Authors: Maziak Agata , Heidorn-Czarna Malgorzata , Weremczuk Aleksandra , Janska Hanna 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe threat of global warming makes uncovering mechanisms of plant tolerance to long-term moderate heat stress particularly important. We previously reported that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants lacking mitochondrial proteases FTSH4 or OMA1 suffer phenotypic changes under long-term stress of 30°C, while their growth at 22°C is not affected. Here we found that these morphological and developmental changes are associated with increased accumulation of insoluble mitochondrial protein aggregates that consist mainly of small heat-shock proteins (sHSPs). Greater accumulation of sHSPs in ftsh4 than oma1 corresponds with more severe phenotypic abnormalities. We showed that the proteolytic activity of FTSH4, and to a lesser extent of OMA1, as well as the chaperone function of FTSH4, is crucial for protecting mitochondrial proteins against aggregation. We demonstrated that HSP23.6 and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 9 present in aggregates are proteolytic substrates of FTSH4, and this form of HSP23.6 is also a substrate of OMA1 protease. In addition, we found that the activity of FTSH4 plays an important role during recovery from elevated to optimal temperatures. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ)-based proteomic analyses, along with identification of aggregation-prone proteins, implicated mitochondrial pathways affected by protein aggregation (e.g. assembly of complex I) and revealed that the mitochondrial proteomes of ftsh4 and oma1 plants are similarly adapted to long-term moderate heat stress. Overall, our data indicate that both FTSH4 and OMA1 increase the tolerance of plants to long-term moderate heat stress by reducing detergent-tolerant mitochondrial protein aggregation.
Theory-Informed Clinical Practice: How Physical Therapists Can Use Fundamental Interventions to Address Social Determinants of Health
Authors: McCarty Dana , Shanahan Meghan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

The American Physical Therapy Association’s Vision Statement for the profession is guided by principles of innovation, access, equity, and advocacy, and calls on physical therapists to stretch their influence beyond the walls of the clinic and the individuals they treat. Access and equity are problems that span multiple health care professions and entities; yet, addressing social determinants of health is a paradigm shift that clinicians need continued support to achieve. This article has 2 objectives: (1) to define the Fundamental Cause Theory and the Socioecological Model within the context of physical therapy in order to promote best clinical practice, and (2) to apply the concept of “fundamental interventions” in clinical practice to mitigate the negative impact of downstream effects of social determinants of health across levels of the Socioecological Model—individual, interpersonal, institutional, community, and societal. This theoretical lens provides the conceptual framework necessary for physical therapists to think creatively about ways to change their practice in their own contexts to impact the life of individual patients and transform the movement health of society.

Impact
As health care providers, physical therapists have a responsibility to make every effort to meet the needs of their patients and optimize movement health in society; yet significant structural and systemic barriers often prevent patients from reaching their fullest potential. Clinicians can no longer subscribe to a narrow scope of practice focused on individual attainment of therapy goals. This Perspective discusses Fundamental Cause Theory and the Socioecological Model theoretical frameworks that can help physical therapists develop, test, and implement functional interventions to address the needs of society as a whole.
The Effects of Different Exteroceptive Experiences on the Early Motor Repertoire in Infants With Down Syndrome
Authors: Yardımcı-Lokmanoğlu Bilge Nur , Einspieler Christa , Sırtbaş Gülsen , Porsnok Doğan , Arıkan Zeynep , Livanelioğlu Ayşe , Mutlu Akmer 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objective
Down syndrome is a chromosomal abnormality in which muscle tone, motor development, and sensory systems are affected. The objectives of this study were to examine the changes in movements and postures of 3- to 5-month-old infants with Down syndrome and infants who were neurotypical controls during exposure to a rough-textured surface and to compare the differences occurring before and during an exteroceptive condition that was different between the 2 groups.

Methods
In this quasi-experimental study, participants were 20 infants with Down syndrome (8 female infants; age range = 10–18 weeks, mean [SD] = 12 weeks 2 days [2 weeks 2 days]) and 20 age-matched infants with typical development (8 female infants; age range = 9–17 weeks, mean (SD) = 12 weeks 6 days [1 week 5 days]). The movements and postures of the infants, including fidgety movements, were assessed according to the General Movements Assessment, which determines the Motor Optimality Score (MOS), on 2 surfaces.

Results
The MOS outcomes of the infants with Down syndrome (median = 21.5, range = 6–28) were significantly lower than those of the infants who were neurotypical (median = 28, range = 23–28) on a standard mattress. The postures were found to be significantly better in infants with Down syndrome during exposure to a rough-textured surface. The MOS did not change due to the different exteroceptive experiences in infants with Down syndrome and infants who were neurotypical.

Conclusion
The different exteroceptive experiences caused only postural alterations, which might play a crucial role in early intervention programs for infants with Down syndrome.

Impact
This is the first study, to our knowledge, on the effects of different exteroceptive conditions, such as a coco coir mattress covered with muslin fabric, on the early motor repertoire in infants with Down syndrome. The findings showed that infants with Down syndrome had heterogeneity in their fidgety movements and large variability of the MOS, and the MOS results from infants with Down syndrome were lower than those of infants who were neurotypical. Fidgety movements and the MOS did not change due to the different exteroceptive experiences in either group. Significant improvements in posture were observed during exposure to a rough-textured surface. The improvement of posture is essential; clinicians might consider the positive effect of putting an infant with Down syndrome on a rough-textured surface and include this strategy in early intervention programs.
Self-Guided Web-Based Pain Education for People With Musculoskeletal Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: de Oliveira Lima Lívia , Saragiotto Bruno T , Costa Leonardo Oliveira Pena , Nogueira Leandro Calazans , Meziat-Filho Ney , Reis Felipe J J 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of web-based pain education programs without clinical support in patients with musculoskeletal pain.

Methods
PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO were searched from inception to February 2020. Included studies were randomized clinical trials in which people with musculoskeletal pain were allocated to an experimental group that received web-based pain education as a standalone approach. Three review authors performed data extraction. The PEDro (Physiotherapy Evidence Database) scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies. The primary outcomes were pain intensity and disability.

Results
Six trials with a total of 1664 participants were included. There is moderate-quality evidence with a small effect size that web-based pain education programs, as a standalone approach, are better than minimal intervention (no intervention or booklets) for pain intensity (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.23; 95% CI = −0.43 to −0.04) in the short term and intermediate term (SMD = −0.26; 95% CI = −0.42 to −0.10). Regarding disability, there is low-quality evidence that web-based pain education programs are better than minimal intervention (SMD = −0.36; 95% CI = −0.64 to −0.07) in the short term. Web-based pain education added to usual care was no better than usual care alone in the intermediate or long term for primary outcomes.

Conclusions
Web-based pain education for adults with musculoskeletal pain, as a standalone approach, was better than minimal intervention for pain intensity and disability in the short term, and for pain intensity in the intermediate term. Web-based pain education added to usual care did not provide additional benefits for primary outcomes in the intermediate or long term.

Impact
Web-based pain education as a standalone intervention provided small improvements in pain intensity and disability in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Poorly resourced settings and overburdened health systems should consider this delivery method in the management of chronic musculoskeletal pain.

Lay Summary
If you have chronic musculoskeletal pain, your physical therapist might recommend web-based pain education as treatment to help you reduce pain intensity and disability.
National Study of Excellence in Pediatric Physical Therapy Education: Design, Methods, and Results
Authors: Moore James G , Birkmeier Marisa C , Lundeen Heather , Dannemiller Lisa , Anderson Deborah K , Furze Jennifer A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objective
The purposes of this study were to identify and describe the attributes of excellence and innovation in professional pediatric physical therapy education and develop a conceptual framework identifying dimensions of excellence.

Methods
A multimethod case study design based on a grounded theory framework was used. Data collection included review of artifacts and field interviews (individual and focus group). A constant-comparative method for within case and across case was used for data analysis to verify and revise coding schemes, identify categories and subcategories, revise emerging themes, and develop a conceptual framework.

Results
Based on results of a predetermined grading rubric, 6 of 17 self-nominated academic sites were selected representing diverse institution types (public/private, Carnegie classification, size) and geographic locations. Pedagogical approaches and method of content delivery varied among programs; all used the essential core competencies. The core pediatric faculty member(s) were Board Certified Clinical Specialists. A conceptual framework was developed based on 4 key dimensions: Culture of Excellence, Exemplary Pediatric Faculty, Pedagogy, and Child and Family as Teacher (CFT), and 16 related elements.

Conclusions
CFT is a unique and nonnegotiable dimension of excellence in pediatric physical therapy education, highlighting the partnership between the learner, child, family, and pediatric faculty member. CFT intersects with the other dimensions and integrates their elements (ie, faculty characteristics, contributions from the child and family, use of instructional strategies) to effectively prepare future pediatric physical therapists. Based on the pervasiveness of this dimension in teaching and learning across all programs, this may be the signature pedagogy of pediatric physical therapy education.

Impact
Results of this study are important to professional physical therapist education administrators, pediatric academic faculty, and clinical educators because they represent an understanding of the attributes of excellence. The model can serve as a guide for best practice in pediatric physical therapy education.
Functional Morphology of the Dolphin Clitoris
Authors: Orbach Dara N , Brennan Patricia LR 
Published: June 2021

Dolphins copulate year‐round despite short estrus periods. Copulation may be pleasurable for female dolphins through clitoral stimulation, as they have large and well‐developed clitorises. Although female mammals possess a clitoris homologous to the penis, the general structure and functional morphology has only been described in a few species. We explore the gross morphology and microanatomy of the common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) clitoris at different developmental stages to assess the potential for erectile tissue to expand during copulation. Excised clitorises were collected opportunistically from eleven post‐mortem dolphins including adults, subadults, and calves. Specimens were subdivided for use in: 1) gross morphology dissections, 2) micro‐computed tomography scans, or 3) paraffin histology and staining (modified Mason's trichrome and hematoxylin and eosin). Erectile tissue was present consistently along the clitoral body that extended from the hood tip to the base. The erectile tissue had a forked shape and similar relative volumes in both the calf and subadult specimens. The erectile tissue was surrounded by a thick layer of smooth muscle along the lateral sides of the crurae, clitoral body, and hood, but not cranially or caudally. Muscle tissue was surrounded by connective tissue. There was a hard bulb with a capsule around it at the root of the clitoris proper that was comprised of dense connective tissue. It appeared to be structural rather than erectile or secretory in nature. Our data provide a baseline for comparisons with other species known to have sex for pleasure (e.g., humans). The consistent shape and relative volumes of erectile tissues between calves and subadults suggest there are few developmental changes except for allometric size increases. Future research that compares the density of connective tissue in cetaceans and other marine and terrestrial mammals may be able to yield insights if the unexpectedly dense tissue of the dolphin clitoris is an adaptation driven by natural selection or sexual selection.Support or Funding InformationThis research was funded by the American Association of Anatomist Short‐term Visiting Scholarship to D.N.O. and a faculty grant from Mount Holyoke College to P.L.R.B.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
How Organic Chemistry Became One of UCLA's Most Popular Classes
Authors: Garg Neil K. 
Published: June 2021

Organic chemistry has a bad reputation, despite having a tremendous impact on our everyday lives. It has remained a notorious “weed‐out” class for decades – striking fear in the hearts of students – and has long been viewed as a gatekeeper course for those interested in pursuing a career in medicine. This presentation will examine the underlying teaching philosophies that have now transformed organic chemistry into one of the most popular classes on the UCLA campus. Educational initiatives, including organic chemistry music videos and BACON (Biology And Chemistry Online Notes) tutorials, will be discussed.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Develop of a Neural Network to Evaluate the Cardiovascular Risk Using Body Composition Data
Authors: Zea‐Robles Aura Catalina , Rodriguez‐Arboleda Astrid Yamile , Sáenz Diana Poala , Triana‐Domínguez Freddy Camilo , Leon‐Ariza Henry Humberto 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionThe cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main world cause of morbidity and mortality, continually, are searching early diagnostic strategies with enough sensibility and specificity to be used massively in the population. An artificial neural network (ANN) uses mathematical algorithms to predict an event, the vantage of an ANN is the capacity of learning.ObjectiveTo develop an ANN, to prediction cardiovascular risk using anthropometric variables, age, and habits.MethodsWas analyzed 256 subjects, aged 16 to 60 years old, the ANN was feed with the variables: age, gender, smoking, fat percentage, visceral fat and muscular percentage, the estimation of body composition was made using bioimpedance, the ANN training was made with 183 subjects (69%), the output variable was the CVD probability to ten years prognosticated using ASSIGN scale, the classification was high risk > 10%, moderate risk 5 – 10%, low risk 1 – 4,9%, very low risk < 1%. The ANN was a multi‐layer perceptron trained with the rest blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL Cholesterol, LDL Cholesterol, and Triglycerides data; and the familiar antecedents of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease, the software used was Matlab.ResultsThe model show significant differences in the blood chemical variables and the body composition between groups p < 0.0001. The area under the curve for the prediction was: high risk = 0.999, moderate risk = 0.967, low risk = 0.986, very low risk = 0.981. The sensitivity was between 0.750 y 1.000 and specificity was between 0.833 and 1.000.ConclusionAn ANN that uses like prediction variable the body composition has a high predictive value, besides it is a good tool for the cardiovascular risk estimation and can be used for the screening in different populations. The project wants to evaluate the population during the following 5 years to determinate the real prediction power of the ANN.Support or Funding InformationThe project was funding by the unit of research of the Universidad Santo Tomás, with the support of the department of humanities.
Diagram of the network developed to evaluate cardiovascular risk.imageDiagram of the network developed to evaluate cardiovascular risk.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Peritoneal regulatory M2 macrophage therapy for ischemic renal injury
Authors: Mao Ruiwen , Wang Chengshi , Liu Shuyun , Zhao Meng , Cui Danli , Zhang Fu ping , Chen Younan , Lu Yanrong , Cheng Jingqiu 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveIschemic injury is one of the major causes of acute kidney injury (AKI), and inflammation plays an important role in the ischemic AKI. M2 macrophages had shown antimicrobial and anti‐inflammatory activities, but its effect on AKI has not been reported. This study aims to improve the protection of peritoneal M2 macrophage on renal function in an ischemic AKI model.MethodsThe macrophages (M0) were isolated from peritoneal dialysate of normal mice, and then induced to M2 by IL‐4/IL‐13. Male C57/BL6 mice were randomly divided into three groups: Control, IRI, and IRI+M2. The IRI mice were made by clamping renal pedicles for 30 minutes. After reperfusion, IRI+M2 group mice were injected with M2 macrophage (1×106 cell dissolved in 50 μL PBS) into capsule of kidney. .All mice were scarified at 3 days after surgery, then, the serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and uric acid (UA) were measured. Renal pathology was observed by HE and PAS staining. The renal population of M2 /M1 macrophage was analyzed by flow cytometry. Pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐1β/IL‐6/TNF‐α/iNOS) gene expression in kidney of mice were analyzed by real‐time PCR (qPCR).ResultsAfter 3 days of surgery, IRI mice had increased levels of BUN, Scr and UA compared to control, whereas injected with M2 macrophage significantly reduced BUN, Scr and renal tubular injury score in IRI mice, and the M2/M1 ratio in kidney of IRI+M2 group was significantly higher than IRI mice. In addition, the mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, and iNOS) in the IRI+M2 mice were significantly lower than those in IRI mice.ConclusionThese results indicated that peritoneal M2 macrophages could effectively reduce inflammatory response and kidney injury in IRI mice, and thus it may serve as a potential cell therapy for renal diseases.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.