bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early identification of depressive symptoms in school‐aged children: Psychometric properties and validation of a new short version of Short Mood & Feelings Questionnaire
Authors: Talja Tiina , Rantanen Anja , Koivisto Anna‐Maija , Fröjd Sari , Ikonen Riikka , Joronen Katja 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundDepressive mood is a common problem among children in Western countries. Professionals in school and other health services have an important role in identifying children at increased risk for depression. The Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ) is a widely used screening tool, but its 13 items still make it quite time‐consuming to complete. There is an urgent need for a quick and easy‐to‐complete self‐report depressive mood scale for use in school health examinations.AimThis paper aims to describe and validate a revised version of SMFQ: FsMFQ‐6 is intended as a short screening tool for the early identification of depressive symptoms in children.MethodsNationally representative data (n = 95,725) were drawn from the 2017 School Health Promotion Study. The respondents were fourth‐ and fifth‐grade pupils (aged 10–12) in Finnish primary schools. The data were analysed separately by gender. The construct validity of the scale was studied by principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), convergent validity by both receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Reliability was tested by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient.ResultsPrincipal component analysis yielded a one‐component model: the Finnish Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire 6 (FsMFQ‐6). CFA confirmed the validity of FsMFQ‐6. Compared with mood at home (AUC = 0.80) and mood at school (AUC = 0.85), overall sensitivity and specificity were optimal at cut‐off point 0. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.73, indicating good internal consistency. The results for girls and boys were almost identical.ConclusionThe results confirmed the validity and reliability of FsMFQ‐6. FsMFQ‐6 recognises depressive mood in children and is suitable for screening depressive symptoms in fourth‐ and fifth‐grade pupils in Finland. However, it is important to pay close attention to children who choose the ‘Sometimes’ response option more than once, for that can be a sign of depressive symptoms.
A novel cytological technique for bacterial detection on canine skin
Authors: Rich Naomi , Brune Jourdan , Duclos David 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundCytological examination of the skin is an important diagnostic technique in dermatology for disease diagnosis and monitoring of treatment. Impression smear and tape‐strip preparation are gold standard cytological techniques. This study introduces a novel cytological method, slurry preparation, in which debris collected from the skin surface is macerated in warm sterile water and dried on the slide.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo compare organism yield between a novel and two standard cytological collection techniques by evaluating bacteria and Malassezia yeast counts.AnimalsThirty client‐owned dogs diagnosed with atopic dermatitis and lesions consistent with pyoderma and/or Malassezia dermatitis.Materials and MethodsIn a prospective, blinded comparison study, dermatological lesions from each dog were sampled using impression smear, tape‐strip and slurry preparation methodologies. Ten random reticle fields per lesion, accounting for a total area of 6.25 × 10−3 mm2 (equivalent to ˜5% of a typical ×40 field), were evaluated by light microscopy for each cytological method. Bacterial and Malassezia organisms were measured as counts/sample. The slurry preparation was compared to each of the standard methodologies separately using paired Student’s t‐tests.ResultsThe slurry preparation was demonstrated to be more sensitive than gold standard techniques in detecting bacteria, with mean differences of 12.7 and 13.5 additional bacteria per cytological sample, compared to the impression and tape‐strip preparations, respectively. The slurry preparation did not differ significantly in detecting Malassezia organisms compared with impression smear preparation. The tape‐strip preparation was demonstrated to be more sensitive than the slurry preparation in the detection of Malassezia organisms, finding a mean difference of 0.22 more organisms per sample.ConclusionSlurry preparation presents advantages over the gold standard techniques in the detection of bacteria which can help to manage canine pyoderma more appropriately. Performing a slurry preparation in cases of suspected canine pyoderma could be considered as an alternative to the gold standard techniques.
An Overview of Nanotechnology in Upstream and Downstream of Oil and Gas Industry: Challenges and Solutions
Authors: Sadegh Rajabi M. , Moradi Rasoul , Pirouz Kavehpour H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNowadays, engineers and researchers have deeply perceived the application of nano-scale materials and the associated emerging technology so-called nanotechnology (NT) not only to address the existing challenges in all sciences but also to reshape the future of entire industrial world. Recently, NT has been taken into consideration tremendously for energy applications in both conventional and green types of energies. Particularly in the oil and gas industry (OGI) as the current primary energy source, NT implementation has attracted enormous attentions by researchers and companies due to increasing numerous articles that have been published every year. In this review article, an up-to-date benefits of NT applications in OGI including upstream, midstream, and downstream were highlighted. Besides, the main challenges in oil and gas fields have been discussed to show the potential of NT to overcome the obstacles. Finally, outcomes of several studies were traced in higher efficiency to demonstrate NT application in all OGI sections, and the field trials were summarized as well.
Multi-Objective Collaborative Flexibility Optimization Design of the Strengthening Layer of a Flexible Riser
Authors: Yang Zhixun , Wang Lifu , Yan Jun , Shi Dongyan , Fan Zhirui , Dai Lijiang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Marine flexible risers are widely used in ocean oil and gas extraction, and need to withstand environment loads (wave and current) and the large offset of the floater. Therefore, the flexible riser is subjected to tension, bending, and torsion loads, which are mainly resisted by the key strengthening layer. Small bending stiffness of a cross section of the strengthening layer with larger tension and torsion stiffness are required to be compliant with the ocean environment. The traditional design of the key strengthening layer is partially rigid with larger cross-sectional stiffnesses. Therefore, the innovative configurations of the strengthening layer are imperative to make sure that the flexible riser is reliable and safe during the installation and operation. The strengthening layer of the flexible riser is treated as the cylindrical shell composed of periodic unit-cell beam structures, which is a hypothetical model. The optimization design is conducted through the novel implementation of the asymptotic homogenization (NIAH) method. The multi-objective collaborative flexibility optimization formulation of cylindrical shell structure is proposed, considering the ratio of cross-sectional tensile torsion stiffness to bending stiffness of the strengthening layer as the objectives. The optimal configuration results, the helically wound structures, are obtained, which are the alternative strengthening components of flexible risers. Finally, the optimal structures are compared with the commonly used marine flexible riser, which gives a great verification of the methodology feasibility and explains why the strengthening layer is designed as the type of helically wound structure.
Coupled Dynamic Analysis of Hybrid Offshore Wind Turbine and Wave Energy Converter
Authors: Rony J.S. , Karmakar D. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The combined offshore wind and wave energy on an integrated platform is an economical solution for the offshore energy industry as they share the infrastructure and ocean space. The study presents the dynamic analysis of the Submerged Tension-Leg Platform (STLP) combined with a heaving-type point absorber wave energy converter (WEC). The feasibility study of the hybrid concept is performed using the aero-servo-hydro-elastic simulation tool FAST. The study analyzes the responses of the combined system to understand the influence of the WECs on the STLP platform for various operating conditions of the wind turbine under regular and irregular waves. Positive synergy is observed between the platform and the WECs, and the study also focuses on the forces and moments developed at the interface of the tower and platform to understand the effect of wind energy on the turbine tower and the importance of motion amplitudes on the performance of the combined platform system. The mean and standard deviation for the translation and rotational motions of combined wind and wave energy converters are determined for different sea states under both regular and irregular waves to analyze the change in responses of the structure. The study observed a reduction in motion amplitudes of the hybrid floating system with the addition of the wave energy converters around the STLP floater to improve the energy efficiency of the hybrid system. The study helps in understanding the best possible arrangement of point absorber-type wave energy converters at the conceptual stage of the design process.
Experimental Study on CaCO3 Fouling Characteristics During Falling Film Evaporation
Authors: Ding Zhikou , Li Wei , Wang Lei , Zhao Limin , Sherif S. A. , Wang Ru , Kabelac Stephan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Falling film evaporation is widely used in solar desalination systems. Fouling is an important problem to be addressed in many applications involving heat transfer including processes involving the utilization of solar energy in desalination applications. In the research upon which this paper partly reports, an experimental investigation was carried out on a vertical tube in falling film evaporation to determine the effects of temperature, velocity, the use of a porous-sintered tube, and the use of Teflon coating on calcium carbonate deposition characteristics. During the fouling experiments, the pressure inside the test tubes was maintained constant at 101.3 kPa, and the inlet temperature was maintained at 373 K, while allowing the water mass velocity to vary from 0.42 to 1.05 kg m−1 s−1. Results show that the fouling in the test tube becomes more serious as the temperature increases and the flowrate decreases. Compared with stainless-steel tubes, porous-sintered tubes can significantly reduce fouling resistance, but at the same time they bring about a decrease in the heat transfer coefficient. The Teflon coating also has anti-fouling performance but does not affect the heat transfer coefficient in stainless-steel tubes. Through the weighing of local fouling deposits, it has been found that the mass of the fouling deposits in the lower part of the tested tubes is greater than that in the upper part.
Hybrid Frequency Response Characteristics of a Low-Frequency Charge-Mode PVDF Curvature Sensor Measured With a Random Vibration Method
Authors: Lloyd George M. , Zhang Ying , Fabo Peter , Wang Ming L. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is a semicrystalline polymer exhibiting piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties which has been used for sensing infrared energy and the measurement of high frequency stress and strain, such as shocks. Despite the low material cost, durability, high sensitivity, and fast response, PVDF-based sensors have not been successfully used in sensors for large structures (such as buildings and bridges) with dominant low frequency modes, where these benefits would seem appropriate. One reason is that the low frequency response of the sensor and integrated charge amplifier (the hybrid characteristic of the sensor) has not been adequately measured and modeled. In this paper we report precise measurements of the hybrid frequency response of a charge-mode curvature sensor in the range 0.1–45 (Hz) using a random vibration method in conjunction with a precision displacement stage. The experimentally determined response is compared to a SPICE model. The results show a characteristic high pass response with cutoff in qualitative agreement with the model. However the rolloff appears consistently more rapid, with possible attenuation at high frequencies. These results will be useful for developing more accurate models of the sensor, and to further the use of PVDF in low frequency applications.
Optimizing Stiffness Properties of Tensegrity Structures
Authors: de Jager Bram , Skelton Robert 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The design of mechanical systems normally exploits numerical analysis and optimization. We make a plea for symbolic computation and give an example where the desired results are symbolic. Geometrical design parameters enter in this computation. The resulting expressions reveal the values which yield desirable properties for, e.g., stiffness or damping. This is applied to repetitive (fractal) mechanical systems, namely tensegrity structures. A set of equations linear in the degrees-of-freedom, but nonlinear in the design parameters, is solved symbolically. A large scale example with 1533 degrees-of-freedom is computed successfully. The results make it possible to optimize the structure with respect to stiffness properties, not only by appropriately selecting (continuous) design parameters like dimensions, but also by selecting the number of stages used to build up the structure (a discrete design parameter).
Modeling of Active Constrained Layer Damping Structures Using a Commercial Finite Element Code
Authors: Lumsdaine Arnold 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Active Constrained Layer Damping (ACLD), involving a hybrid of active and passive damping elements, has been shown to be a promising method for maximizing vibration damping effectiveness. Active damping can be effective at reducing vibration of a given single mode. Passive damping has dissipative qualities for all modes. There has been much discussion comparing and contrasting the uses of these different methods in the literature. It has been found that using a hybrid ACLD layer can be more effective than just using an active control (AC) approach or a Passive Constrained Layer Damper (PCLD) approach, in some cases.
ACLD structures are characterized in the literature either by the development of analytic equations, or by finite element modeling. In cases where the ACLD structure is modeled using finite elements, the formulation is done by the author in developing a code. This limits the availability of the result beyond a specific application. For the modeling of ACLD structures to be more generally applicable, and available, modeling could be done using a commercial finite element code. A greater variety of different structures could be modeled, and structural optimization could easily be integrated. The study of ACLD structures would be available to an audience without the resources to construct their own elements. To the author’s knowledge, no studies of ACLD structures exist using a generally available finite element code. The ABAQUS commercial finite element code, with certain customizations, is used in this study. Results compare favorably with other sources in the literature.
Freeform Skeletal Shape Optimization of Compliant Mechanisms
Authors: Xu Dong , Ananthasuresh G. K. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Compliant mechanisms are elastic continua used to transmit or transform force and motion mechanically. The topology optimization methods developed for compliant mechanisms also give the shape for a chosen parameterization of the design domain with a fixed mesh. However, in these methods, the shapes of the flexible segments in the resulting optimal solutions are restricted either by the type or the resolution of the design parameterization. This limitation is overcome here by focusing on optimizing the skeletal shape of the compliant segments in a given topology. It is accomplished by identifying such segments in the topology and representing them using Bezier curves. The vertices of the Bezier control polygon are used to parameterize the shape-design space. Uniform parameter steps of the Bezier curves naturally enable adaptive finite element discretization of the segments as their shapes change. Practical constraints such as avoiding intersections with other segments and self-intersections, and restrictions on the available space and material, are incorporated into the formulation. A multi-criteria function from our prior work is used as the objective. Analytical sensitivity analysis for the objective and constraints is presented and is used in the numerical optimization. Examples are included to illustrate the shape optimization method.
Narrow-Band Disturbance Rejection Using Semi-Active Control
Authors: Anusonti-Inthra Phuriwat , Gandhi Farhan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The present study examines the potential of using a semi-active controllable damper, whose damping coefficient can be modulated in real-time, for narrow-band disturbance rejection applications. A frequency-domain optimal control algorithm is developed for determining the controllable damper input (of twice the disturbance frequency) that minimizes the force transmitted to the support at the disturbance frequency. The effectiveness of both open-loop and closed-loop controllers in rejecting the transmitted disturbances are evaluated. The results of the study indicate that for physically achievable damping coefficient variations, the support force could be reduced by about an additional 30%, beyond the levels due to the passive isolation characteristics (no damping coefficient variation). When the disturbance phase changed during the simulation, the effectiveness of the open-loop controller reduced, while the closed-loop controller was still able to generally reduce vibrations to levels lower than those due to pure passive isolation. Even so, closed-loop control of the semi-active damper was not able to completely maintain the level of reduction in vibration when the disturbance phase changed, suggesting that an adaptive controller may be necessary.
Image-Based Modeling of Dynamic Porous SMA Behavior
Authors: Qidwai Muhammad A. , DeGiorgi Virginia G. , Everett Rick K. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Porous shape memory alloys (SMAs) are a relatively new group of materials that are of interest because of their potential use in the design of vibration-control, damping and shock mitigation systems. Essential to the use of these materials is an understanding of their mid to high strain-rate response. The emphasis of this research is to develop a computational methodology that will bridge the microstructural and macrostructural features of porous SMAs. In a first attempt, information obtained from x-ray computed micro tomography (XCMT) images is employed in producing realistic finite element meshes with the help of probabilistic pore generating algorithms. Average constitutive behavior of porous SMA in the intermediate strain rate of 103/s is studied by simulating the compressional split-Hopkinson bar test. Preliminary results are obtained for selected pore volume fractions and distinct trends in material behavior are observed.
Feedback Control of Resonant Modes in Bending Response of Ionic Polymer Actuators
Authors: Mallavarapu Kiran , Leo Donald J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Ionic polymer actuators exhibit large bending response under the application of an electric field but their slow time constant limits the actuation bandwidth. Recent results have demonstrated the ability of feedback control to increase the actuation bandwidth of ionic polymer bender actuators. A critical parameter in the control system is the frequency of the first elastic resonance of the actuator. Longer polymers exhibit a lower frequency resonance which limits the closed-loop performance. In this paper, an empirical model of ionic polymer actuator developed by Kanno (1994) is used for closed-loop control. The empirical model is modified to incorporate the resonant dynamics of the actuator and optimized. The empirical model is based on experimental measurements obtained through a series of open-loop responses for an ionic polymer actuator in a cantilever configuration. The empirical model is optimized and used to design a feedback compensator by state space modeling techniques. Since the ionic polymer actuator has slow settling time in the open-loop, the design objectives are to minimize the settling time and constrain the control voltage to be less than a prescribed value. The controller is designed using Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) techniques which reduced the number of design parameters to one variable. Simulations are performed which shows settling times of 0.03 seconds for closed-loop feedback control are possible as compared to the open-loop settling time of 15–20 seconds. The maximum control voltage varied from 1.2 Volts to 3.5 Volts depending on the LQR design parameter. The controller is implemented and results obtained are consistent with the simulations. Closed-loop settling time is observed to be 6–10 seconds and the ratio of the peak response to the steady-state response is reduced by an order of magnitude. Discrepancies between the experiment and the simulations are attributed to the inconsistencies in the resonant frequency of the actuator. Experiments demonstrate that changes in the surface hydration of the polymer result in 6.5%–12.5% variations in the actuator resonance. Variations in the actuator resonance require a more conservative compensator design, thus limiting the performance of the feedback control system.
Large Magnetostriction in Oriented Particle Terfenol-D Composites
Authors: McKnight Geoffrey P. , Carman Gregory P. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Magnetostrictive composite materials have been extensively investigated to overcome limitations of the monolithic form such as frequency response and durability, but have previously shown decreased saturation strain as compared to the monolithic materials. This paper attempts to overcome this limitation by manufacturing composites with particle orientation along a specific crystal axis. Shape anisotropy was used during manufacture to orient needle shaped particles along their longest dimension, near the [112] direction. Measurements reveal that the saturation magnetostriction has been increased from ∼1200 ppm for a non-oriented composite (at 12 MPa compressive stress) to over 1550 ppm for a [112] oriented composite (under 12 MPa compressive stress). This is the largest magnetostriction reported as yet for a composite material. A key conclusion of this study is that the dominant influence on the orientation of Terfenol-D particles aligned during manufacture is the shape anisotropy and not the magnetocrystalline anisotropy. Furthermore, the necessary applied fields to reach similar magnetostriction have been reduced in the oriented particle composite as compared to the non-oriented particle composite. In addition, a rule of mixtures model has been used to determine that the composite exhibits nearly the maximum rule of mixtures prediction for magnetostriction.