bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Posthatching ultrastructural development of the oropharyngeal cavity roof in five age‐stages of Coturnix coturnix (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Abumandour Mohamed , Shukry Mustafa , Lashen Samah , Kassab Mohammed , Kandyle Ramadan , Gewaily Mahmoud , El‐Mansi Ahmed , El Askary Ahmad , Hamoda Hazem , Farrag Foad 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRecent literature has demonstrated only adult avian palate, albeit there has been only limited focus on the postnatal development of the avian oropharyngeal cavity roof. Hence, the current investigation was designed to obtain the full ultrastructure postnatal description of the oropharyngeal roof during the five developmental age‐stages of Coturnix coturnix by employing assessments using gross morphometric analysis and stero and scanning electron microscopy. The elongated triangular oropharyngeal roof has a spoonful rounded beak tip. The palate region is subdivided into the rostral ridged area and the choanal area. The palate has eight longitudinal palatine ridges (seven nonpapillated and one papillated median) and four transverse papillary rows (one slightly oblique row and three transverse papillary crests). The median palatine ridge continuous caudally and is then divided into three ridges: one median and two paramedian ridges (forming the lateral boundaries of the choanal field). The choanal field had three regions (rostral, middle, and caudal). The finger‐like projection papillary region has five papillae. The choanal cleft has two unequal parts (rostral and caudal). The rostral nonpapillated short choanal part is subdivided by transverse papillary row into rostral narrow straight and caudal diamond portions. The caudal wide papillated choanal part is further divided by a second transverse crest into rostral long (encircled by interdigitated papillae) and caudal short wider part (not encircled by interdigitated papillae). The infundibular cleft is not bordered by any papillae, while the pharyngeal region has numerous papillae and openings of the salivary glands. Moreover, the morphometric analysis revealed a higher value with increasing age for all dimensions. Our findings indicated a higher degree of functional adaptation between the five developmental age stages of quail. Our observations suggest that adaptations such as these may increase the efficiency of food prehension with increasing age.
Evaluating bony predictors of bite force across the order Carnivora
Authors: Dickinson Edwin , Davis Jillian S. , Deutsch Ashley R. , Patel Dhuru , Nijhawan Akash , Patel Meet , Blume Abby , Gannon Jordan L. , Turcotte Cassandra M. , Walker Christopher S. , Hartstone‐Rose Adam 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn carnivorans, bite force is a critical and ecologically informative variable that has been correlated with multiple morphological, behavioral, and environmental attributes. Whereas in vivo measures of biting performance are difficult to obtain in many taxa—and impossible in extinct species—numerous osteological proxies exist for estimating masticatory muscle size and force. These proxies include both volumetric approximations of muscle dimensions and direct measurements of muscular attachment sites. In this study, we compare three cranial osteological techniques for estimating muscle size (including 2D‐photographic and 3D‐surface data approaches) against dissection‐derived muscle weights and physiological cross‐sectional area (PCSA) within the jaw adductor musculature of 40 carnivoran taxa spanning eight families, four orders of magnitude in body size, and the full dietary spectrum of the order. Our results indicate that 3D‐approaches provide more accurate estimates of muscle size than do surfaces measured from 2D‐lateral photographs. However, estimates of a muscle's maximum cross‐sectional area are more closely correlated with muscle mass and PCSA than any estimates derived from muscle attachment areas. These findings highlight the importance of accounting for muscle thickness in osteological estimations of the masticatory musculature; as muscles become volumetrically larger, their larger cross‐sectional area does not appear to be associated with a proportional increase in the attachment site area. Though volumetric approaches approximate muscle dimensions well across the order as a whole, caution should be exercised when applying any single method as a predictor across diverse phylogenies.
Improved intestinal absorption and oral bioavailability of astaxanthin using poly (ethylene glycol)‐graft‐chitosan nanoparticles: preparation, in vitro evaluation, and pharmacokinetics in rats
Authors: Zhu Yuan , Gu Zhengqing , Liao Youwu , Li Shuang , Xue Yuanyuan , Firempong Michael Adu , Xu Ying , Yu Jiangnan , Smyth Hugh DC , Xu Ximing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDAstaxanthin (ASTA) is a kind of food‐derived active ingredient (FDAI) with antioxidant and antidiabetic functions. It is nontoxic but its poor solubility and low bioavailability hinder its application in the food industry. In this study, a novel carrier, polyethylene glycol‐grafted chitosan (PEG‐g‐CS) was applied to enhance the bioavailability of astaxanthin. It encapsulated astaxanthin completely by solvent evaporation to manufacture astaxanthin using poly (ethylene glycol)‐graft‐chitosan nanoparticles (ASTA‐PEG‐g‐CS) nanoparticles to improve absorption.RESULTSThe ASTA‐PEG‐g‐CS nanoparticles were spherical, with a particle size below 200 nm and a ζ potential of about −26 mV. Polyethylene glycol‐grafted chitosan can encapsulate astaxanthin well, and the encapsulated astaxanthin was released rapidly – in 15 min in an in vitro release study. In a rat single‐pass intestinal perfusion study, a low concentration of ASTA‐PEG‐g‐CS nanoparticle (0.2 μg mL−1) was better absorbed in the intestine. In particular, the jejunum could absorb most astaxanthin without a change in the concentration. An in vivo release study also demonstrated that ASTA‐PEG‐g‐CS nanoparticles enhanced oral bioavailability significantly.CONCLUSIONThis novel carrier, PEG‐g‐CS, provided a simple way to encapsulate food, which improved the bioavailability of hydrophobic ingredients. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Influence of protein extraction and texturization on odor‐active compounds of pea proteins
Authors: Ebert Sandra , Michel Wiebke , Nedele Ann‐Kathrin , Baune Marie‐Christin , Terjung Nino , Zhang Yanyan , Gibis Monika , Weiss Jochen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe use of plant proteins as food ingredients might be limited due to the presence of foreign or ‘off’ flavors, which may evolve during extraction and subsequent processing. In this study, the influence of dry (TVP) and wet (WTP) texturization on characteristic volatile compounds of two different pea protein isolates was assessed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry‐olfactometry (GC–MS‐O) after direct immersion stir bar sorptive extraction (DI‐SBSE).RESULTSTwenty‐four odor‐active compounds were found, with a prevalence of carbonyls from fat oxidation. Nine of these compounds which are also known as major (off‐) flavor contributors in peas were distinctively impacted in all texturates: hexanal, nonanal, 2‐undecanone, (E)‐2‐octenal, (E, Z)‐3,5‐octadiene‐2‐one, (E, E)‐2,4‐decadienal, 2‐pentyl‐furan, 2‐pentyl‐pyridine, and γ‐nonalactone. For example, hexanal, a characteristic green odorant, was reduced by up to sixfold by wet texturization, from 3.29 ± 1.05% (Pea Protein I) to 0.52 ± 0.02% (Pea WTP I). Furthermore, (E,Z)‐3,5‐Octadiene‐2‐one and (E,E)‐2,4‐decadienal were decreased by 1.5‐ and 1.8‐fold when Pea Protein I and Pea TVP I were compared.CONCLUSIONAn overall reduction in fat oxidation products and of green and fatty odor‐active compounds was observed. The results represent a first insight into the process‐related modulation of pea protein (off‐) flavors to broaden the applicability of pea proteins as food ingredients.
Heat treatment improves the sensory properties of the ultrafiltration by‐product of honeybush (Cyclopia genistoides) extract
Authors: Miller Neil , Petrus Alicia , Moelich Erika Ilette , Muller Magdalena , de Beer Dalene , van der Rijst Marieta , Joubert Elizabeth 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDUltrafiltration of green honeybush (Cyclopia genistoides) extract results in a by‐product (retentate). Application of further separation processes for recovery of polyphenols would entail creation of additional waste. Repurposing the retentate as a food flavour ingredient provides an alternative valorization approach.RESULTSThe retentate, suspended in water (270 g L−1), was heat‐treated at 80 °C for 2, 4, 8 and 16 h, and at 90 °C for 2, 4, 6 and 8 h to change its sensory profile. The heat‐treated retentate, diluted to beverage strength (2.15 g L−1), had prominent ‘grape/Muscat‐like’ and ‘marmalade/citrus’ aroma and flavour notes. Overall, heating for ≤ 4 h increased the intensities of positive flavour and aroma notes, while reducing those of ‘green/grass’, ‘hay’ and bitterness, whereafter further heating only had a slight effect on the aroma profile at 80 °C (P < 0.05), but not at 90 °C (P ≥ 0.05). The heat treatments, 80 °C/4 h and 90 °C/4 h, were subsequently applied to different batches of retentate (n = 10) to accommodate the effect of natural product variation. Heating at 90 °C produced higher intensities of positive aroma attributes (P < 0.05), but was more detrimental to the phenolic stability, compared to 80 °C.CONCLUSIONAfter heat treatment, the phenolic content of C. genistoides retentate, reconstituted to beverage strength, still fell within the range of a typical 'fermented' (oxidized) honeybush leaf tea infusion. The change in phenolic composition will not diminish the benefit of an improved sensory profile for the retentate by‐product through heating. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
The influence of historical nostalgia on a heritage destination's brand authenticity, brand attachment, and brand equity
Authors: Chen Xiaohua , You Eun Sue , Lee Timothy J. , Li Xiubai 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article aims to examine an integrative model of historical nostalgia, brand authenticity, brand attachment, and brand equity based on the case of the Shaolin Temple, a heritage destination in China. The discussion is based on 470 responses collected from visitors to the historical place. The results demonstrate the positive mediating effect of brand authenticity and brand attachment on historical nostalgia and destination brand equity. This study contributes to the literature constructing the brand equity of heritage tourism destination by investigating the positive role of historical nostalgia. It helps heritage tourism stakeholders implement policies on brand authenticity and brand attachment.
Predictors of Aspiration Pneumonia and Mortality in Patients with Dysphagia
Authors: Nativ‐Zeltzer Nogah , Nachalon Yuval , Kaufman Matthew W. , Seeni Indulaxmi C. , Bastea Silvia , Aulakh Sukhkaran S. , Makkiyah Sara , Wilson Machelle D. , Evangelista Lisa , Kuhn Maggie A. , Sahin Mustafa , Belafsky Peter C. 
Published: July 2021

Objectives/HypothesisTo identify risk factors for pneumonia incidence in patients with dysphagia undergoing a videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS) in an outpatient tertiary‐care center.Study DesignHistorical cohort study.MethodsAll individuals undergoing a VFSS between 10/02/13 and 07/30/15 were identified and followed historically for 2 years. Demographic information, medical history, and fluoroscopic data were collected. The 2‐year incidence of pneumonia was obtained from the medical records and telephone interview. The incidence of pneumonia and death were calculated and risk factors for pneumonia and mortality were ascertained.Results689 patients were followed for 2 years. The mean age (±standard deviation) of the cohort was 65 (±15.5) years. 49% (338/689) were female. The most common causes of dysphagia were cricopharyngeus muscle dysfunction (270/689), head and neck cancer (175/689), and neurodegenerative disease (56/689). The incidence of pneumonia was 22% (153/689). The incidence of death was 11%. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder [COPD] (odds ratio [OR] = 2.36, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.33–4.19), hypertension (OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.23–2.73), tracheotomy status (OR = 2.96, 95% CI: 1.09–7.99), and vallecular residue (OR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.24–2.85) were all significantly associated with an elevated risk of pneumonia. Kidney disease (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.02–9.9), COPD (OR = 3.27, 95% CI: 1.65–6.49), vallecular residue (OR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.35–4.1), male gender (OR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.25–3.92), and low body mass index (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.06–1.19) were independent adjusted risk factors for death.ConclusionsThe incidence of aspiration pneumonia (22%) and death (11%) within 2‐years of a VFSS was high. The greatest adjusted risk factors for incident pneumonia were tracheotomy (OR = 3.0), COPD (OR = 2.4) and vallecular residue (OR = 1.9). The greatest adjusted risk factors for death were COPD (OR = 3.3), vallecular residue (OR = 2.3), and male gender (OR = 2.2).Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 132:1172–1176, 2022
Report on the effectiveness of vegetative barriers to regulate simulated fluxes of runoff and sediment in open agricultural landscapes (Flanders, Belgium)
Authors: Frankl Amaury , De Boever Maarten , Bodyn Jonas , Buysens Saskia , Rosseel Liesbet , Deprez Sarah , Bielders Charles , Dégre Aurore , Stokes Alexia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractVegetative barriers are increasingly used to reduce sediment export from cropland and thus mitigate negative off‐site consequences of soil erosion. Here, we report and discuss the effectiveness of vegetative barriers implemented in Flanders (Belgium) to buffer the flows of water and sediment. The three types of vegetative barriers studied are made of straw bales, wood chips or bales of coconut‐ fibre. Based on three simulated runoff experiments performed in the field, we calculated the hydraulic roughness and sediment deposition ratio. Our experiments showed that the barriers made of coconut‐fibre bales performed markedly better than those of straw bales or wood chips (Manning's n values of 1.355, 1.049 and 2.231 s m‐1/3 and a sediment deposition ratio of 19%, 38% and 64% for barriers made of straw bales, wood chips and coconut‐fibre bales, respectively, during the first experiment). These values increased during subsequent experiments demonstrating the effect of sediment accumulating inside the structures. Especially for coconut‐fibre bales, this accumulation increases the risk of runoff bypassing or overtopping the barriers. The barriers mainly retained sand and, to a lesser extent, silt and clay. As vegetative barriers have to be renewed every few years because of the decomposition of organic material, barriers made of locally available materials are more sustainable as a nature‐based solution to erosion. We conclude that although the vegetative barriers made of coconut‐fibre bales are superior in their regulation of flows of runoff and sediment, barriers made of locally sourced materials are more sustainable.
Assessment of the global noise algorithm for automatic noise measurement in head CT examinations
Authors: Ahmad Moiz , Tan Dominique , Marisetty Sujay 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeThe global noise (GN) algorithm has been previously introduced as a method for automatic noise measurement in clinical CT images. The accuracy of the GN algorithm has been assessed in abdomen CT examinations, but not in any other body part until now. This work assesses the GN algorithm accuracy in automatic noise measurement in head CT examinations.MethodsA publicly available image dataset of 99 head CT examinations was used to evaluate the accuracy of the GN algorithm in comparison to reference noise values. Reference noise values were acquired using a manual noise measurement procedure. The procedure used a consistent instruction protocol and multiple observers to mitigate the influence of intra‐ and interobserver variation, resulting in precise reference values. Optimal GN algorithm parameter values were determined. The GN algorithm accuracy and the corresponding statistical confidence interval were determined. The GN measurements were compared across the six different scan protocols used in this dataset. The correlation of GN to patient head size was also assessed using a linear regression model, and the CT scanner's X‐ray beam quality was inferred from the model fit parameters.ResultsAcross all head CT examinations in the dataset, the range of reference noise was 2.9–10.2 HU. A precision of ±0.33 HU was achieved in the reference noise measurements. After optimization, the GN algorithm had a RMS error 0.34 HU corresponding to a percent RMS error of 6.6%. The GN algorithm had a bias of +3.9%. Statistically significant differences in GN were detected in 11 out of the 15 different pairs of scan protocols. The GN measurements were correlated with head size with a statistically significant regression slope parameter (p < 10‒7). The CT scanner X‐ray beam quality estimated from the slope parameter was 3.5 cm water HVL (2.8–4.8 cm 95% CI).ConclusionThe GN algorithm was validated for application in head CT examinations. The GN algorithm was accurate in comparison to reference manual measurement, with errors comparable to interobserver variation in manual measurement. The GN algorithm can detect noise differences in examinations performed on different scanner models or using different scan protocols. The trend in GN across patients of different head sizes closely follows that predicted by a physical model of X‐ray attenuation.
Clinical Benefit of Ripretinib Dose Escalation After Disease Progression in Advanced Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor: An Analysis of the INVICTUS Study
Authors: Zalcberg John R. , Heinrich Michael C. , George Suzanne , Bauer Sebastian , Schöffski Patrick , Serrano César , Gelderblom Hans , Jones Robin L. , Attia Steven , D'Amato Gina , Chi Ping , Reichardt Peter , Somaiah Neeta , Meade Julie , Reichert Vienna , Shi Kelvin , Sherman Matthew L. , Ruiz-Soto Rodrigo , Mehren Margaret von , Blay Jean-Yves 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Ripretinib 150 mg once daily (QD) is indicated for advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) as at least fourth-line therapy. In INVICTUS, ripretinib intrapatient dose escalation (IPDE) to 150 mg b.i.d. was allowed after progressive disease (PD) on 150 mg QD by blinded independent central review using modified RECIST 1.1. We report the efficacy and safety of ripretinib IPDE to 150 mg b.i.d. after PD among patients randomized to ripretinib 150 mg QD in the INVICTUS study.

Materials and Methods
Tumor imaging was performed every 28-day cycle for the first four cycles in the ripretinib 150 mg QD period and then every other cycle, including the 150 mg b.i.d. period. Among the ripretinib IPDE patients, progression-free survival (PFS)1 was the time from randomization until PD; PFS2 was the time from the first dose of ripretinib 150 mg b.i.d. to PD or death.

Results
Among 43 ripretinib IPDE patients, median PFS1 was 4.6 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.7–6.4) and median PFS2 was 3.7 months (95% CI, 3.1–5.3). Median overall survival was 18.4 months (95% CI, 14.5–not estimable). Ripretinib 150 mg b.i.d. (median duration of treatment 3.7 months) was well tolerated with new or worsening grade 3–4 treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) of anemia in six (14%) and abdominal pain in three (7%) patients. Ripretinib 150 mg b.i.d. was discontinued because of TEAEs in seven (16%) patients.

Conclusion
Ripretinib 150 mg b.i.d. after PD on 150 mg QD may provide additional clinically meaningful benefit with an acceptable safety profile in patients with at least fourth-line GISTs.

Implications for Practice
Of the 85 patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumor having received at least three prior anticancer therapies randomized to ripretinib 150 mg once daily (QD) in the phase III INVICTUS study, 43 underwent ripretinib intrapatient dose escalation (IPDE) to 150 mg b.i.d. after progressive disease (PD). Median progression-free survival was 4.6 months before and 3.7 months after ripretinib IPDE. The safety profile of ripretinib 150 mg b.i.d. was acceptable. These findings indicate ripretinib IPDE to 150 mg b.i.d. may provide additional clinical benefit in patients with PD on ripretinib 150 mg QD, for whom limited treatment options exist.
Discovery of zeylenone from Uvaria grandiflora as a potential botanical fungicide
Authors: He Jianguo , Dou Menglan , Xie Jia , Hou Shuai , Liu Qifeng , Hu Zhan , Zhang Beijing , Zheng Shuai , Yin Fengman , Zhang Meng , Xie Changping , Lu Dadong , Ding Xiaofan , Zhu Chaohua , Sun Ranfeng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDBotanical pesticides play an important role in organic agricultural practices and are widely used in integrated pest management (IPM). Uvaria grandiflora was mainly reported as traditional medicines and possessed antibacterial, antioxidant, and antiprotozoal activities. Therefore, important biological activities of U. grandiflora may suggest that they have the potential to be used as botanical pesticides.RESULTSThe extract of U. grandiflora exhibited broad‐spectrum inhibitory activity toward phytopathogenic fungi and oomycetes, particularly against Colletotrichum musae and Phytophthora capsici, and its secondary metabolite zeylenone also displayed strong antifungal and anti‐oomycete activities against phytopathogens. Particularly, half maximal effective concentration (EC50) values of zeylenone against Phytophthora capsici and C. musae were 6.98 and 3.37 μg mL−1, showing better inhibitory effects than those of commercial fungicides (azoxystrobin and osthole). Additionally, the pot experiments showed that the extract of U. grandiflora could effectively control Pseudoperonospora cubensis, Phytophthora infestans, Phytophthora capsici and Podosphaera xanthii. In the field experiment, 5% microemulsion of U. grandiflora extract exhibited 79.72% efficacy against cucumber powdery mildew at 87.5 g ha−1 on the 14th day after two sprayings, which was better than that of 21.5% trifloxystrobin and 21.5% fluopyram SC at 200.9 g ha−1. Surprisingly, 5% microemulsion of U. grandiflora extract could promote cucumber growth significantly. Furthermore, the action mechanism analysis indicated that zeylenone may damage the cytoderm and affect energy metabolism of Phytophthora capsici.CONCLUSIONIt is the first time that the extract of U. grandiflora and zeylenone have been discovered leading to broad application prospects in the development as botanical fungicides. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.