bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID‐19 related fear and depression of pregnant women and new mothers
Authors: Fan Heidi Sze Lok , Choi Edmond Pui Hang , Ko Rachel Wai Tung , Kwok Jojo Yan Yan , Wong Janet Yuen Ha , Fong Daniel Yee Tak , Shek Noel Wan Man , Ngan Hextan Yuen Sheung , Li Junyan , Huang Yi‐yan , Ouyang Yan‐Qiong , Lok Kris Yuet Wan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo explore factors associated with depression and COVID‐19 related fear among pregnant women and new mothers.DesignA cross‐sectional survey was conducted in China from July 2020 to July 2021.SampleA total of 3027 pregnant and new mothers were recruited.MeasurementSociodemographic characteristics and the perceptions of the COVID‐19 pandemic were collected. The Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9) and the Fear Scale was used to assess the depressive and fear level towards the COVID‐19 pandemic, respectively.ResultsApproximately 17.2% of the participants had depression (PHQ‐9 ≥10). In Hong Kong, participants who perceived that they have increased knowledge to prevent infection were less likely to have depression (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.74–0.94). There was no association between perceived severity if infected and severity of spread and the depression level in our sample. An inverse relationship was found between the COVID‐19 related fear level and perceived knowledge to prevent infection (Beta‐coefficient [β] = ‐0.20; 95% CI = ‐0.38 to ‐0.02).ConclusionPublic health nurses need to promote accurate and up to date COVID‐19 related information at clinical and community settings and implement effective screening for depression and fear symptoms to identify these high‐risk groups to improve women's psychological well‐being.
Oral findings and healthcare management in Shashi‐Pena syndrome
Authors: Alqaisi Dua'a , Hassona Yazan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractShashi Pena syndrome (SHAPNS) is a newly recognized and rare neurodevelopmental disorder with unique phenotypic features. The syndrome is caused by truncating variants in ASXL2 gene. To date, there are only seven documented cases in scientific literature, but oral and dental findings are sparsely reported. Here, we present a new case of SHAPNS and describe the oro‐dental findings and oral healthcare management of affected patients.
Rationales for body camera implementation and outcome measures
Authors: Lessing Stephanie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAs police body cameras develop as a widely used mechanism to promote police transparency and accountability, researchers are tasked with measuring whether the treatment of this surveillance mechanism meets its stated goals. But the goals have not been clearly outlined and instead, the array of stated goals varies by jurisdiction, creating obstacles for policy diffusion and comparative analyses across numerous randomized controlled trials. Without clearly defined goals, there is no alignment on what success looks like. This narrative review seeks to uncover why body cameras have been implemented in police agencies and what these agencies expect to gain from their use. It details the range of rationales for the adoption of body cameras, which stakeholder parties benefit from goal attainment, and what outcome measurements researchers have and can use to measure body cameras' ability to reach those goals. Most systematic literature reviews of body camera studies simply focus on one outcome measurement. This paper provides a broad view of the body camera research involving multiple outcome variables. It maps these findings onto the stated goals to demonstrate which goals seem to be attainable and which seem to expect body cameras to be a silver bullet solution to societal problems.
Integrating Human and Nonhuman Primate Data to Estimate Human Tolerances for Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Wu Taotao , Sato Fusako , Antona-Makoshi Jacobo , Gabler Lee F. , Giudice J. Sebastian , Alshareef Ahmed , Yaguchi Masayuki , Masuda Mitsutoshi , Margulies Susan S. , Panzer Matthew B. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) contributes to a significant portion of the injuries resulting from motor vehicle crashes, falls, and sports collisions. The development of advanced countermeasures to mitigate these injuries requires a complete understanding of the tolerance of the human brain to injury. In this study, we developed a new method to establish human injury tolerance levels using an integrated database of reconstructed football impacts, subinjurious human volunteer data, and nonhuman primate data. The human tolerance levels were analyzed using tissue-level metrics determined using harmonized species-specific finite element (FE) brain models. Kinematics-based metrics involving complete characterization of angular motion (e.g., diffuse axonal multi-axial general evaluation (DAMAGE)) showed better power of predicting tissue-level deformation in a variety of impact conditions and were subsequently used to characterize injury tolerance. The proposed human brain tolerances for mild and severe TBI were estimated and presented in the form of injury risk curves based on selected tissue-level and kinematics-based injury metrics. The application of the estimated injury tolerances was finally demonstrated using real-world automotive crash data.
‘Shuttle’ Technology for Noise Reduction and Efficiency Improvement of Hydrostatic Machines - Part 2
Authors: Mommers Robin , Achten Peter 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In 2001, INNAS introduced the ‘Shuttle’ technology for noise reduction and efficiency improvement of hydrostatic machines. The current study revisits this technology for application in hydrostatic pumps and motors.
In many hydrostatic pumps and motors, commutation is imposed by a fixed component like a valve plate. Designing a valve plate (or comparable component) that ensures good commutation at one specific operating condition, is fairly simple. However, an inherent problem of such a component is that it should ensure good commutation at all of the operating conditions.
In an attempt to minimise losses and reduce noise emission caused by improper commutation, so-called shuttles were introduced by INNAS in 2001. These shuttles act as small pistons between two working chambers, essentially providing a connection to the ports while the valve plate is still closed. In theory, this will result in a check-valve like commutation.
In the original paper, shuttles were implemented in a hydraulic transformer. This paper discusses and analyses the use of shuttles in pumps and motors. Simulation results show that the introduction of shuttles can reduce commutation losses to negligible levels. Furthermore, the results suggest that the use of shuttles could also reduce noise emissions.
A Novel Design Concept of Digital Hydraulic Drive for Knee Exoskeleton
Authors: Rituraj Rituraj , Scheidl Rudolf , Ladner Peter , Lauber Martin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Hydraulic actuation of exoskeletons has gained interest among researchers due the potentials of high power density and energy recuperation allowing the reduction of mass and space used by the device (when compared to the traditional electrically actuated exoskeletons). However, developing a light and cost-effective design of such exoskeleton remains a key challenge.
In this work, a novel design of digitally driven knee exoskeleton is presented. The design uses simple hydraulic cylinders instead of multi-chamber cylinders (which are typically used in digital actuations and are expensive). The design also includes a unique mechanism that is able to satisfy the peak torque requirements during a typical gait cycle with a smaller hydraulic force. This ensures small size of hydraulic components and a moderate power demand from the energy source.
To study this exoskeleton design, a numerical model of the exoskeleton and the lower limb is developed in this work. The simulation results show that the design is able to track the motion of the knee in a typical gait cycle as well as satisfy the necessary torque requirements.
Experimental Study on Energy Efficiency of Two-Cylinder Direct Driven Hydraulic System in a Large-Scale Test Bench
Authors: Hermansson Robert , Närvänen Ville , Kajaste Jyrki , Calonius Olof , Pietola Matti , Kuosmanen Petri 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this research the energy efficiency of a pump controlled direct driven hydraulic (DDH) system is experimentally tested and analyzed. The test bench uses two cylinders’ cross-connection to rotate the middle joint of the 5-meter-long pivot arm which is loaded with unequal load of maximum 1685 kg. Originally the test bench is designed to study the application of DDH in the case of an articulated steering system, but in this research the system is treated as load lifting and load lowering application.
The power pack of the test bench features a permanent magnet servo motor and a bent-axis, fixed-displacement hydraulic motor-pump unit. A separate charge pump circuit is attached, which also controls the servo motor and pump case temperature and takes care of fluid heat management as well as filtering. An extensive CAN-network is utilized for measurement and control. The motion of the test bench is driven with position control to give reproducible lifting and lowering cycles with different loads and velocities.
Three motion cycles are executed involving three different loads, nine combinations in total, to study their effect on energy efficiency in load lifting and load lowering situations. Mechanical input power is measured between the electric motor and pump, hydraulic power is measured at the pump outlet and at the cylinder ports, and finally the mechanical output power is calculated for the cylinder-to-mechanical interface. Energy losses are determined as well as the overall energy efficiency of the hydraulic system.
The research focuses on the hydraulic system and therefore the electric input power to the system and the regenerated electric power in load lowering is left out of the study. However, the regeneration potential in load lowering part of the cycles is measured as the available electric motor shaft power.
In load lifting, the total energy efficiency of the hydraulic system was at its best at 82% when using the maximum additional load of 1685 kg and the lowest lifting velocity of 0.1 rad/s. Energy efficiency of load lowering was at its best in the same cycle with 77% of the energy recovered from the pump-motor’s shaft. High dependency on load and velocity was detected, because the total efficiency in lifting decreased to 44% with highest velocity (0.3 rad/s) and lowest load (445 kg). In lowering, during the same cycle, the total efficiency was −17%, meaning that gravity loading alone could not produce fast enough motion and that active input power was needed.
In conclusion, very good energy efficiency could be achieved when operating against high enough loading. Operating at partial loads and with higher velocities will clearly reduce energy efficiency, emphasizing the need for careful dimensioning of all the power train components.
Sizing Directional Pneumatic Valves Based on the Characteristic Dynamic Behavior of Linear Actuators
Authors: Vigolo Vinícius , Valdiero Antonio Carlos , De Negri Victor Juliano 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a novel approach to size directional pneumatic valves based on the analysis of the characteristic behavior of pneumatic actuators applied for pick and place tasks is presented. The study evidences the existence of three characteristic times in the displacement of a standard pneumatic actuation system, which are the emptying time, the transient-state time, and the steady-state time. The results also indicate that there is a close correlation between the velocity profile and the relative size of the piston area, where the steady-state time might be negligible when the piston is correctly sized. The emptying time, characterized by the depressurization of the counterpressure chamber, occurs predominantly with choked mass flow rate and constant volume. In this way, an analytical equation to estimate the emptying time has been determined. Moreover, during the transient-state time, the velocity profile is similar to the characteristic behavior of a first order system, therefore, the transient-state time is estimated by the time constant of the system, which was obtained by a linear first order model developed using the fundamental equations that govern the system behavior. The total displacement time, which is a design requirement to size directional valves, can be expressed as the sum of the emptying and transient-state time. Consequently, a set of equations are proposed to size the directional valve using design parameters such as displacement time, piston volume, load force, and supply pressure. The proposed equations were evaluated along with simulation and experimental results, demonstrating their validity and accuracy.
Exhaustive Regressor Search (XRS) for Creating Models of Hydraulic Pumps and Motors
Authors: Johnson Jack , Montague John , Garcia-Bravo Jose 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Physical models of fluid power systems rely on the validity of the principles used for creating such models. In many cases, pump and motor performance is considered a large contributor to the efficiency of a whole fluid power system and, is used to approximate the behavior of the component and the system coupled to it. Often, estimates of the power losses and efficiency of pumps and motors is limited to manufacturer test data or simplified assumptions based on first principles. However, the use of the limited test data or idealized assumptions reduces the accuracy of the models and limits the validity of the theoretical results. Moreover, the creation of accurate physical models, their numerical implementation using a computer to solve the model and the experimental validation is time consuming and costly. New advances in machine learning, statistical analysis and numerical methods can be used to reduce the time used to develop a model of a pump or motor producing similar or better results. This paper proposes the use of an autonomous and iterative algorithm to obtain linear regression coefficients necessary to characterize the flow response of a pump or motor from existing experimental data. In this study a multivariate linear model for predicting the flow output of a pump or a motor is derived from experimental data by iteratively adding data points and by iteratively and autonomously testing regressor combinations to find the best possible flow model.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Time of Utilitarian Walking and Walking as Exercise Among Brazilian Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The REMOBILIZE Study
Authors: Duarte Dayanne Ádyla Cândido , Lima Camila Astholphi , de Lima Maria do Carmo Correia , Perracini Monica Rodrigues , de Amorim Juleimar Soares Coelho 
Published: December 2021

This study aimed to investigate behavioral changes related to utilitarian walking and walking as exercise among Brazilian older adults before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Baseline data from the longitudinal REMOBILIZE study were used. The survey was online and comprised 1,482 adults aged 60 years and older. The outcome was the hours per week of walking time (for utilitarian purposes, as exercise, and total), estimated by the frequency and duration and analyzed by average and rate of decrease, comparing pre- and during the pandemic. Total walking time was used to estimate transition patterns between levels of walking intensity. A moderate reduction of 1.76 hr per week in the total walking time was observed, and 28.1% of the participants’ walking transition patterns were from more to less physically active. Our findings demonstrate the need for gender-specific interventions and policies to increase the walking levels among older adults after the COVID-19 pandemic period.
Difficulties faced by older Rohingya (forcibly displaced Myanmar nationals) adults in accessing medical services amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh
Authors: Mistry Sabuj Kanti , Ali ARM Mehrab , Yadav Uday Narayan , Huda Md. Nazmul , Ghimire Saruna , Bestman Amy , Hossain Md. Belal , Reza Sompa , Qasim Rubina , Harris Mark F 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundCOVID-19 has seriously disrupted health services in many countries including Bangladesh. This research aimed to explore whether Rohingya (forcefully displaced Myanmar nationals) older adults in Bangladesh faced difficulties accessing medicines and routine medical care services amid this pandemic.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted among 416 Rohingya older adults aged 60 years and above residing in Rohingya refugee camps situated in the Cox’s Bazar district of Bangladesh and was conducted in October 2020. A purposive sampling technique was followed, and participants’ perceived difficulties in accessing medicines and routine medical care were noted through face-to-face interviews. Binary logistic regression models determined the association between outcome and explanatory variables.ResultsOverall, one-third of the participants reported difficulties in accessing medicines and routine medical care. Significant factors associated with facing difficulties accessing medicine included feelings of loneliness (adjusted OR (AOR) 3.54, 95% CI 1.93 to 6.48), perceptions that older adults were at the highest risk of COVID-19 (AOR 3.35, 95% CI 1.61 to 6.97) and required additional care during COVID-19 (AOR 6.89, 95% CI 3.62 to 13.13). Also, the notable factors associated with difficulties in receiving routine medical care included living more than 30 min walking distance from the health centre (AOR 3.57, 95% CI 1.95 to 6.56), feelings of loneliness (AOR 2.20, 95% CI 1.25 to 3.87), perception that older adults were at the highest risk of COVID-19 (AOR 2.85, 95% CI 1.36 to 5.99) and perception that they required additional care during the pandemic (AOR 4.55, 95% CI 2.48 to 8.35).ConclusionMany Rohingya older adults faced difficulties in accessing medicines and routine medical care during this pandemic. This call for policy-makers and relevant stakeholders to re-assess emergency preparedness plans including strategies to provide continuing care.
Genomic and transcriptomic characterization of heterogeneous immune subgroups of microsatellite instability-high colorectal cancers
Authors: Kim Jung Ho , Seo Mi-Kyoung , Lee Ji Ae , Yoo Seung-Yeon , Oh Hyeon Jeong , Kang Hyundeok , Cho Nam-Yun , Bae Jeong Mo , Kang Gyeong Hoon , Kim Sangwoo 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundColorectal cancers (CRCs) with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) are hypermutated tumors and are generally regarded as immunogenic. However, their heterogeneous immune responses and underlying molecular characteristics remain largely unexplained.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of 73 primary MSI-H CRC tissues to characterize heterogeneous immune subgroups. Based on combined tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) immunoscore and tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) activity, MSI-H CRCs were classified into immune-high, immune-intermediate, and immune-low subgroups. Of these, the immune-high and immune-low subgroups were further analyzed using whole-exome and transcriptome sequencing.ResultsWe found considerable variations in immune parameters between MSI-H CRCs, and immune subgrouping of MSI-H CRCs was performed accordingly. The TIL densities and TLS activities of immune-low MSI-H CRCs were comparable to those of an immune-low or immune-intermediate subgroup of microsatellite-stable CRCs. There were remarkable differences between immune-high and immune-low MSI-H CRCs, including their pathological features (medullary vs mucinous), genomic alterations (tyrosine kinase fusions vsKRASmutations), and activated signaling pathways (immune-related vs Wnt and Notch signaling), whereas no significant differences were found in tumor mutational burden (TMB) and neoantigen load. The immune-low MSI-H CRCs were subdivided by the consensus molecular subtype (CMS1 vs CMS3) with different gene expression signatures (mesenchymal/stem-like vs epithelial/goblet-like), suggesting distinct immune evasion mechanisms. Angiogenesis and CD200 were identified as potential therapeutic targets in immune-low CMS1 and CMS3 MSI-H CRCs, respectively.ConclusionsMSI-H CRCs are immunologically heterogeneous, regardless of TMB. The unusual immune-low MSI-H CRCs are characterized by mucinous histology,KRASmutations, and Wnt/Notch activation, and can be further divided into distinct gene expression subtypes, including CMS4-like CMS1 and CMS3. Our data provide novel insights into precise immunotherapeutic strategies for subtypes of MSI-H tumors.
Dark matter to baryon ratio from scalar triplets decay in type-II seesaw
Authors: Narendra Nimmala , Sahu Narendra , Shil Sujay 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe propose a minimal model for the cosmic coincidence problem $$\Omega _\mathrm{DM}/\Omega _B \sim 5$$

Ω
DM

/

Ω
B

∼
5

and neutrino mass in a type-II seesaw scenario. We extend the standard model of particle physics with a $$\mathrm SU(2)$$

S
U
(
2
)

singlet leptonic Dirac fermion $$\chi $$
χ
, which represents the candidate of dark matter (DM), and two triplet scalars $$\Delta _{1,2}$$

Δ

1
,
2

with hierarchical masses. In the early Universe, the CP violating out-of-equilibrium decay of lightest $$\Delta $$
Δ
generates a net $$B-L$$

B
-
L

asymmetry in the visible sector (comprising of SM fields), where B and L represents the total baryon and lepton number respectively. A part of this asymmetry gets transferred to the dark sector (comprising of DM $$\chi $$
χ
) through a dimension eight operator which conserves $$B-L$$

B
-
L

. Above the electroweak phase transition, the $$B-L$$

B
-
L

asymmetry of the visible sector gets converted to a net B-asymmetry by the $$B+L$$

B
+
L

violating sphalerons, while the $$B-L$$

B
-
L

asymmetry of the dark sector remains untouched which we see today as relics of DM. We show that the observed DM abundance can be explained for a DM mass about 8 GeV. We then introduce an additional singlet scalar field $$\phi $$
ϕ
which mixes with the SM-Higgs to annihilate the symmetric component of the DM resonantly which requires the singlet scalar mass to be twice the DM mass, i.e. around 16 GeV, which can be searched at collider experiments. In our model, the active neutrinos also get small masses by the induced vacuum expectation value (vev) of the triplet scalars $$\Delta _{1,2}$$

Δ

1
,
2

. In the later part of the paper we discuss all the constraints on model parameters coming from invisible Higgs decay, Higgs signal strength, DM direct detection and relic density of DM.