bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence, risk factors and mortality of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with influenza: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Shi Changcheng , Shan Qiyuan , Xia Junbo , Wang Liusheng , Wang Linling , Qiu Lei , Xie Yaping , Lin Nengming , Wang Limin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAn increasing number of cases of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) complicating influenza have been described. We performed a meta‐analysis to estimate the incidence, risk factors and outcomes of IPA in patients with influenza.MethodsA systematic search was conducted in the PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases from their inception to 31 August 2021 for eligible studies. Data on the incidence and risk factors of and mortality due to IPA in influenza patients were pooled using a random‐effects model. Sensitivity analyses restricted to severe influenza requiring intensive care unit (ICU) support and multiple subgroup analyses were performed.ResultsFourteen studies involving 6024 hospitalised patients with influenza were included. IPA was estimated to occur in 10% of influenza patients, with a mortality rate of 52%. Similar incidence (11%) and mortality (54%) estimates for IPA were observed in the sensitivity analysis including severe cases requiring ICU support. Subgroup analysis by geographical location showed a similar IPA rate between European (10%) and non‐European (11%) studies. The IPA rate in the subset of nine studies using the modified AspICU criteria was 13%. Most subgroup analyses showed ≥50% mortality in IPA patients. Several predictors for IPA susceptibility were identified, including male sex, smoking history, chronic lung disease, influenza A (H1N1), severe conditions requiring supportive therapy, corticosteroid use before admission, solid organ transplant and haematological malignancy.ConclusionsThe IPA is common in individuals with severe influenza, and the prognosis is particularly poor. Influenza patients, especially those with high‐risk factors, should be thoroughly screened for IPA.
Recent developments in the understanding of PIN polarity
Authors: Marhava Petra 
Published: December 2021

SummaryPolar localization of PIN‐FORMED proteins (PINs) at the plasma membrane is essential for plant development as they direct the transport of phytohormone auxin between cells. PIN polar localization to certain sides of a given cell is dynamic, strictly regulated and provides directionality to auxin flow. Signals that act upstream to control subcellular PIN localization modulate auxin distribution, thereby regulating diverse aspects of plant development. Here I summarize the current understanding of mechanisms by which PIN polarity is established, maintained and rearranged to provide a glimpse into the complexity of PIN polarity.
Factors that influence the emotional impact of memory problems in older adults: A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Hill Nikki L. , Bratlee‐Whitaker Emily , Wion Rachel K. , Madrigal Caroline , Bhargava Sakshi , Mogle Jacqueline 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAssociations among psychological health and memory concerns in older adults are well‐established, but much of this research is quantitative.ObjectivesThis study examined how memory problems influence emotional well‐being in older adults without dementia, and whether this differs by cognitive status and current depressive or anxiety symptoms.MethodsA qualitative descriptive design was used to examine our research questions. Community‐dwelling older adults without dementia (n = 49, Mage = 74.5[10.1], 63% women) completed a cognitive assessment, questionnaires and two semi‐structured interviews. Content analysis was used to code and categorise the transcribed interview data, then identify themes within and across participant groups.ResultsFive themes described the influence of memory problems on emotional well‐being: Evoking Emotions, Fearing Future, Undermining Self, Normalising Problems and Adjusting Thinking. Memory problems' impact on emotional well‐being varied by current anxiety symptoms, characteristics of the problem and personal experience with dementia.ConclusionThe emotional impact of memory problems tended to differ by affective symptoms, not cognitive status. Older adults who report memory concerns without objective evidence of impairment may be at risk for negative impacts to mental health and well‐being.Implications for practiceCognitive screening guidelines should consider best practices for responding to memory concerns when cognitive testing results are normal.
A rare case of a solid odontogenic keratocyst of the mandible
Authors: Allsobrook Olive F. L. , Hankinson Paul M. , Levene Adam P. , Sharma Valmiki , Rae Alexander , Brierley Daniel J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimTo introduce the reader to the rare solid odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) that is different from the classic OKC and may mimic other entities.Case reportWe discuss a solid OKC occurring in the body of the mandible of a 59‐year‐old female, which was treated with a local excision.DiscussionThe clinical, radiological and histological findings are discussed alongside the pertinent literature.ConclusionAwareness of the solid OKC should ensure appropriate work‐up and management of this rare entity.
Sly‐miR159 regulates fruit morphology by modulating GA biosynthesis in tomato
Authors: Zhao Panpan , Wang Fengpan , Deng Yinjiao , Zhong Fanjia , Tian Peng , Lin Dongbo , Deng Juhui , Zhang Yongxia , Huang Tengbo 
Published: December 2021

SummaryFruit morphology is an important agronomical trait of many crops. Here, we identify Sly‐miR159 as an important regulator of fruit morphology in tomato, a model species of fleshy‐fruit development. We show that Sly‐miR159 functions through its target SlGAMYB2 to control fruit growth. Suppression of Sly‐miR159 and overexpression of SlGAMYB2 result in larger fruits with a reduced length/width ratio, while loss of function of SlGAMYB2 leads to the formation of smaller and more elongated fruits. Gibberellin (GA) is a major phytohormone that regulates fruit development in tomato. We show the Sly‐miR159‐SlGAMYB2 pathway controls fruit morphology by modulating GA biosynthesis. In particular, we demonstrate that Sly‐miR159 promotes GA biosynthesis largely through the direct repression of the GA biosynthetic gene SlGA3ox2 by SlGAMYB2. Together, our findings reveal the action of Sly‐miR159 on GA biosynthesis as a previously unidentified mechanism that controls fruit morphology in tomato. Modulating this pathway may have potential applications in tomato breeding for manipulating fruit growth and facilitating the process of fruit improvement.
UV‐B Irradiation Results in Inhibition of Hypocotyl Elongation, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Decreased Endoreduplication Mediated by miR5642
Authors: Dukowic‐Schulze Stefanie , Harvey Allison , Garcia Nelson , Chen Changbin , Gardner Gary 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTUV‐B as a component of natural solar radiation can induce damage and morphological development in plants. The UV‐B response from germination and early development in seedlings is still largely unknown, with most studies focused on older, light‐exposed seedlings. We used fluence response curves measuring hypocotyl length after UV‐B exposure coupled with RNA‐seq and sRNA‐seq evaluation of the early seedling response in the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana. We identified miR5642 as a potential novel key regulator of UV‐B responses. miR5642 is a noncanonical miRNA predicted to target previously known and unknown components involved in hypocotyl growth inhibition. These include (i) SMAX1, a signal transmitter for seedling germination and growth; (ii) ZAT1, an uncharacterized transcription factor; and (iii) membrane pores and transporters (VHA‐E1, VHA‐E3, EPSIN‐LIKE and PIP1.4) implicated in cell elongation. In addition, HY5 and HYH, two homologous and redundant transcription factors involved in seedling photomorphogenesis, may interact with these newly identified components. Interestingly, UV‐B–induced DNA photodimer formation seems to be the direct trigger leading to inhibition of hypocotyl growth through a combination of cellular decisions including cell cycle arrest, reduced endoreduplication and reduced cell elongation, and this inhibition appears to be modulated by miR5642 target genes.
A Basic Technique for Guiding Evidence‐Informed Problem Solving
Authors: Abrams Harold C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTo help guide certain problem‐solving efforts in a timely and relevant manner, public agencies should consider the use of simple multiplicative component models. Such models involve basic algebra, arithmetic, practical logic, and straightforward cross‐tabulations and tables. Two actual case examples are presented. Additional diverse applications are briefly discussed to illustrate the potential value of this tool to guide a number of evidence‐informed efforts.
Effect of ovarian follicular wave pattern and endocrine characteristics on pregnancy outcome in cows
Authors: Sood Pankaj , Sarma Haladhar Dev , Kadwad Vijay B. , Kumar Sunil 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe effect of two (2W) versus three (3W) wave patterns of follicular dynamics and concurrent endocrine milieu of follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), oestradiol 17‐β (E2) and progesterone (P4) were investigated during one interoestrous interval (IEI) before insemination, on ensuing pregnancy, in 70 lactating Jersey crossbred cows. The findings were evaluated for between [included all (overall) 2W‐O and 3W‐O cows] and within [after separating pregnant (P) and non‐pregnant (NP) cows in 2W and 3W] wave patterns. The propensity of two (58.6%, n = 41) and three (41.4%, n = 29) wave patterns was similar (p = .15). The IEI, shorter by 2.6 days for 2W‐O versus 3W‐O (p < .0009), predicted wave pattern as 100% 2W‐O cows had IEI of ≤21 days, present only in 27.6% 3W‐O cows (p < .0001). The ovulatory follicle persisted for a significantly shorter duration for 3W‐O versus 2W‐O cows. The average FSH, LH, E2 and P4 concentrations during the IEI did not differ for between and within the wave patterns. Pregnancy rate (%) of 58.6 versus 41.4 (p = .15) for 2W‐O versus 3W‐O and 56.1‐P versus 43.9‐NP (p = .44) for within 2W was similar, but tended to differ for within the 3W pattern (69.0‐P versus 31.0‐NP, p = .06). The pregnancy outcome was influenced by the age of ovulatory follicle for between the wave patterns and by follicular count as well as FSH surge concentration for within the wave patterns. A shorter luteal phase reduced the pregnancy outcome, a novel finding of the present study.
Correlates of children's sympathy: Recognition and regulation of sadness and anger
Authors: Galarneau Emma , Colasante Tyler , Speidel Ruth , Malti Tina 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEmotion recognition and emotion regulation have been implicated as promising correlates of sympathy. However, their relative and joint contributions to sympathy in different periods of childhood remain unclear. Moreover, researchers have not explored the relative importance of recognizing and regulating distinct distress‐related emotions, such as sadness and anger, for sympathy. The objective of the current paper was to gain a deeper understanding of which underlying emotion‐related factors are most implicated in sympathy and when in childhood they are most predictive. With an ethnically diverse sample of 4‐ and 8‐yearolds (N = 300, n = 150 in each age group; 50% female), this study tested sadness and anger recognition and regulation, and interactions thereof, as predictors of sympathy. Better sadness and anger regulation independently predicted higher levels of sympathy in 4‐ and 8‐year‐olds, albeit sadness regulation was a more robust predictor of sympathy in 4‐year‐olds. Better sadness recognition was associated with higher sympathy in 8‐year‐olds who also had better sadness regulation. Results underscore the importance of emotion regulation for sympathy, particularly in early childhood. The findings also tentatively suggest that the correlates of sympathy may become more nuanced in middle childhood, with emotion‐specific recognition and regulation capacities employed in concert.
The power of slowness: Governmentalities of Olle walking in South Korea
Authors: Choi Myung‐Ae 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe idea and related practices of slowness have received global attention, as these have been viewed as reactions to and critiques of this “go‐faster” world. Celebration of slowness has been especially prominent in South Korea, which experienced an accelerated transition to a post‐industrial society. In line with recent power‐sensitive studies of slowness, this paper develops a governmentality approach that examines how slowness shapes particular bodily behaviours. Drawing on recent work on rhythmanalysis and governmentalities, this study examines how slowness is enrolled and enacts the rhythmic governing of “Olle” walking – the South Korean countryside walking experience. It specifically relates the analysis to the site‐specific experience of accelerated modernisation, where the legacy of state‐led industrial development persists in the prevailing neoliberal capitalism. First, it examines the ways in which slow rhythm is involved in walking practice, deploying and reproducing a specific rhythm, body, and the mode of biopower. It then looks at several ways through which the emerging slow rhythm of Olle walking and the fast rhythm of everyday life are negotiated. This paper argues that slow walking can serve as an affirmative mode of rhythmic governing that fosters care of the self and the environment.
Protein electrophoresis of non‐traditional species: A review
Authors: Cray Carolyn 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEPH has been demonstrated to be a useful tool in companion animals while providing an opportunity to characterize globulinemias, including paraproteinemia. In EPH of non‐traditional species, these same applications are important, but the primary use is to gauge the acute‐phase and humoral immune responses. This includes the valid quantitation of albumin as well as the examination of fractions reflective of increases in acute‐phase reactants and immunoglobulins. Agarose gel EPH and, more recently, capillary zone EPH have been applied to samples from these species. Performing these analyses provides special challenges in the placement of fraction delimits, generation of RIs, and interpretation of results. Recommended as part of routine bloodwork, EPH can also provide key results that are helpful in clinical and field‐based health assessments as well as in prognostication.
A novel ion conducting route besides the central pore in an inherited mutant of G‐protein‐gated inwardly rectifying K+ channel
Authors: Chen I‐Shan , Eldstrom Jodene , Fedida David , Kubo Yoshihiro 
Published: December 2021

AbstractG‐protein‐gated inwardly rectifying K+ (GIRK; Kir3.x) channels play important physiological roles in various organs. Some of the disease‐associated mutations of GIRK channels are known to induce loss of K+ selectivity but their structural changes remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the abnormal ion selectivity of inherited GIRK mutants. By the two‐electrode voltage‐clamp analysis of GIRK mutants heterologously expressed in Xenopus oocytes, we observed that Kir3.2 G156S permeates Li+ better than Rb+, while T154del or L173R of Kir3.2 and T158A of Kir3.4 permeate Rb+ better than Li+, suggesting a unique conformational change in the G156S mutant. Applications of blockers of the selectivity filter (SF) pathway, Ba2+ or Tertiapin‐Q (TPN‐Q), remarkably increased the Li+‐selectivity of Kir3.2 G156S but did not alter those of the other mutants. In single‐channel recordings of Kir3.2 G156S expressed in mouse fibroblasts, two types of events were observed, one attributable to a TPN‐Q‐sensitive K+ current and the second a TPN‐Q‐resistant Li+ current. The results show that a novel Li+‐permeable and blocker‐resistant pathway exists in G156S in addition to the SF pathway. Mutations in the pore helix, S148F and T151A also induced high Li+ permeation. Our results demonstrate that the mechanism underlying the loss of K+ selectivity of Kir3.2 G156S involves formation of a novel ion permeation pathway besides the SF pathway, which allows permeation of various species of cations.Key points
G‐protein‐gated inwardly rectifying K+ (GIRK; Kir3.x) channels play important roles in controlling excitation of cells in various organs, such as the brain and the heart.
Some of the disease‐associated mutations of GIRK channels are known to induce loss of K+ selectivity but their structural changes remain unclear.
In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the abnormal ion selectivity of inherited mutants of Kir3.2 and Kir3.4.
Here we show that a novel Na+, Li+‐permeable and blocker‐resistant pathway exists in an inherited mutant, Kir3.2 G156S, in addition to the conventional ion conducting pathway formed by the selectivity filter (SF).
Our results demonstrate that the mechanism underlying the loss of K+ selectivity of Kir3.2 G156S involves formation of a novel ion permeation pathway besides the SF pathway, which allows permeation of various species of cations.
Gluteal Central Activation in Females With Patellofemoral Pain: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Glaviano Neal R. , Norte Grant E. 
Published: December 2021

Context: Lesser hip muscle strength is commonly observed in females with patellofemoral pain (PFP) compared with females without PFP and is associated with poor subjective function and single-leg squat (SLS) biomechanics. Hip muscle weakness is theorized to be related to PFP, suggesting centrally mediated muscle inhibition may influence the observed weakness. The central activation ratio (CAR) is a common metric used to quantify muscle inhibition via burst superimposition. However, gluteal inhibition has yet to be evaluated using this approach in females with PFP. The study objectives are to (1) describe gluteal activation in the context of subjective function, hip strength, and squatting biomechanics and (2) examine the relationship of gluteal activation with subjective function and squatting biomechanics in females with PFP. Design: Cross-sectional. Methods: Seven females with PFP (age = 22.8 [3.6] y; mass = 69.4 [18.0] kg; height = 1.67 [0.05] m, duration of pain = 6–96 mo) completed this study. Subjective function was assessed with the Anterior Knee Pain Scale, while fear-avoidance beliefs were assessed with the Fear-Avoidance Belief Questionnaire physical activity and work subscales. Biomechanical function was assessed with peak hip and knee angles and moments in the sagittal and frontal planes during SLS. Gluteus medius (GMed) and gluteus maximus (GMax) activation were assessed with the CAR. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and relationships between variables were assessed with Spearman rho correlations. Results: The CAR of GMed and GMax was 90.5% (8.1%) and 84.0% (6.3%), respectively. Lesser GMed CAR was strongly associated with greater hip adduction during SLS (ρ = −.775, P = .02) and greater fear-avoidance beliefs—physical activity subscale (ρ = −.764, P = .018). Conclusion: We found a wide range in GMed and GMax activation across females with PFP. Lesser GMed activation was associated with greater hip adduction during SLS and fear of physical activity, suggesting that gluteal inhibition should be assessed in patients with PFP.
Technology-Enhanced Learning Physical Education? A Critical Review of the Literature
Authors: Sargent Julia , Calderón Antonio 
Published: December 2021

Purpose: In this review, the three components of pedagogy (i.e., teaching, learning, curriculum) were used to critically investigate what is argued to be “enhanced” by digital technology. Method: Using a critical methodology, an answer was sought to the question, “What aspect(s) of pedagogy is claimed to be enhanced by the use of digital technology in PE?” The final set of papers are presented in terms of the claimed technological enhancement in teaching, learning, and curriculum. Findings: Interestingly, technology enhancements are presented most prevalently in terms of “enhancing student learning” in areas such as health or motivational variables. Technology was mainly used as a substitute for the teacher and not transformative of teaching and learning. Discussion/Conclusion: A critical analysis regarding what is done in the “name of PE.” This paper concludes by presenting suggestions on how to move the field forward and to debate the roles of digital technology in PE.
Physical Properties and Internal Structure of the Central Region of the Moon
Authors: Kuskov O. L. , Kronrod E. V. , Matsumoto K. , Kronrod V. A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
One of the pivoting problems of the geochemistry and geophysics of the Moon is the structure of its central region, i.e., its core and adjacent transition layer located at the boundary between the solid mantle and liquid or partially molten core. The chemical composition of the mantle and the internal structure of the central region of the Moon were simulated based on the joint inversion of seismic, selenophysical, and geochemical parameters that are not directly interrelated. The solution of the inverse problem is based on the Bayesian approach and the use of the Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm in combination with the method of Gibbs free energy minimization. The results show that the radius of the Moon’s central region is about 500–550 km. The thickness of the transition layer and the radii of the outer and inner cores relatively weakly depend on the composition models of the bulk silicate Moon with different contents of refractory oxides. The silicate portion of the Moon is enriched in FeO (12–13 wt %, FeO ~ 1.5 × BSE) and depleted in MgO (Mg# 79–81) relative to the bulk composition of the silicate Earth (BSE), which is in conflict with the possibility of the formation of the Moon from the Earth’s primitive mantle and does not find an adequate explanation in the current canonical and non-canonical models of the origin of the Moon. SiO2 concentrations in all zones of the lunar mantle vary insignificantly and amount to 52–53 wt %, and the predominant mineral of the upper mantle is low-Ca orthopyroxene but not olivine. With respect to Al2O3, the lunar mantle is stratified, with a Al2O3 content higher in the lower mantle than in all overlying shells. The partially molten transition layer surrounding the core is about 200–250 km thick. The radii of the solid inner core are within 50–250 km, and the most probable radii of the liquid outer core are ~300–350 km. The physical characteristics of the lunar core are compared with experimental measurements of the density and speed of sound of liquid Fe(Ni)–S–C–Si alloys. If the seismic model of the liquid outer core with VP = 4100 ± 200 m/s (Weber et al., 2011) is reasonably reliable, then this uncertainty range is in the best agreement with the VP values of 3900–4100 m/s of liquid Fe(Ni)–S alloys, with sulfur content up to ~10 wt % and a density of 6200–7000 kg/m3, as well as with the inverted values of density and velocity of the outer core. The VP values of liquid Fe–Ni–C and Fe–N–Si alloys at 5 GPa exceed seismic estimates of the speed of sound of the outer lunar core, which indicates that carbon and silicon can hardly be dominant light elements of the lunar core. The inner Fe(Ni) core (possibly with an insignificant content of light elements: sulfur and carbon) is presumably solid and has a density of 7500–7700 kg/m3. The difference in density between the inner and outer cores Δρ ~ 500–1000 kg/m3 can be explained by the difference in their composition.