bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soret vector for description of multicomponent mixtures
Authors: Mialdun Aliaksandr , Bou-Ali Mounir , Shevtsova Valentina 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Soret effect describes the transport of constituent species in multicomponent mixtures that occurs due to a temperature gradient. This cross-coupling effect of heat and mass transfer has been successfully examined in binary liquid mixtures, while experiments with ternary mixtures are rare as they impose significant difficulties. We introduce a new and innovative concept, the Soret vector, for the characterization of Soret driven separation in ternary mixtures. The presentation of the component separation in the vector form offers several advantages: (i) to predict the Soret sign of a ternary mixture from knowledge of the Soret coefficients in binary subsystems; (ii) to control consistency of measured coefficients, this is especially important when results are obtained using different instruments and methods; (iii) to determine in which regions and which components cause the greatest separation; (iv) to identify the regions where the Soret separation is inaccessible for optical techniques or gravitationally unstable. We demonstrate these features by exploring ternary mixtures of different origins: (a) nearly ideal mixture composed by THN–IBB–nC12 when Soret coefficients in binary subsystems ($$S_{T}^{bin}$$

S

T

bin

) are positive, (b) non-ideal mixture containing water and ethanol TEG–Wat–EtOH when $$S_{T}^{bin}$$

S

T

bin

are positive and negative and (c) Tol–MeOH–Ch mixture containing demixing zone with positive and negative $$S_{T}^{bin}$$

S

T

bin

. Our approach provides a promising systematic framework for the future research of an important and challenging problem of thermodiffusion in multicomponent liquids.
Validation of inner ear MRI in patients with Ménière’s disease by comparing endolymphatic hydrops from histopathologic specimens
Authors: Cho Young Sang , Kim Jong Sei , Kim Min Bum , Koh Sung Min , Lee Chang Hee , Kim Yi-Kyung , Kim Hyung-Jin , Chung Won-Ho 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntravenous gadolinium-enhanced inner-ear magnetic resonance imaging (IV-Gd inner-ear MRI) has been used to visualize endolymphatic hydrops (EH) in clinical diagnosis of Ménière’s disease (MD). However, lack of histological validation has led to several concerns regarding how best to interpret the resulting images. Here, we compared hydropic changes in temporal bone specimens with the results of IV-Gd inner-ear MRI in patients with MD. Histopathologic images of temporal bones from 37 patients with MD and 10 healthy controls were collected from the National Temporal Bone Bank of the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary in the United States. The EH ratios in the vestibule and cochlea were calculated from temporal bones using the methods used for IV-Gd inner-ear MRI, and the degree to which the saccular and utricular hydrops contributed to vestibular hydrops was measured. The presence of hydropic change in each semicircular canal was assessed using temporal bone images and compared with IV-Gd inner-ear MRI scans of 74 patients with MD. Based on human temporal bone imagery, the EH ratios in the cochlea and the vestibule on the affected side were 0.314 and 0.757, respectively. In the healthy control group, the ratio was 0.064 for the cochlea and 0.289 for the vestibule; these values were significantly different from those for the affected side of MD patients. The values for the affected ear were similar to the ratios from the IV-Gd inner-ear MRI scans in MD patients. In the vestibule, saccular hydrops were more common than utricular hydrops. The average EH ratios in the saccule and utricle were 0.513 and 0.242, respectively. No significant hydropic change from each of three semicircular canals was evident in temporal bone histopathology. However, herniation of otolithic organs (saccule or utricle) into the lateral semicircular canal was found in 44.4% of the patients, with saccular herniation (24.8%) more common than utricular herniation (16.7%). Although IV-Gd inner-ear MRI might not reflect fully the results of actual histopathology due to the limited resolution of MRI and image-processing techniques, the measured EH ratios from temporal bone specimens and IV-Gd inner-ear MRI scans were similar. Hydropic change in the three semicircular canals was not significant at either the ampullated or nonampullated end. Canal invasion of vestibular hydrops seen on MRI also appeared in temporal bone histopathology, and saccular invasion was dominant.
Secondhand smoke increases the risk of developing kidney stone disease
Authors: Chen Chien-Heng , Lee Jia-In , Jhan Jhen-Hao , Lee Yung-Chin , Geng Jiun-Hung , Chen Szu-Chia , Hung Chih-Hsing , Kuo Chao-Hung 
Published: September 2021

AbstractResearch indicates smoking increases the risk of various kidney diseases, although the risk of developing kidney stone disease in non-smokers exposed to secondhand smoke is unknown. This study analyzed a total of 19,430 never-smokers with no history of kidney stone disease who participated in the Taiwan Biobank from 2008 to 2019. They were divided into two groups by secondhand smoke exposure; no exposure and exposure groups; the mean age of participants was 51 years, and 81% were women. Incident kidney stone development was observed in 352 (2.0%) and 50 (3.3%) participants in the no exposure and exposure groups during a mean follow-up of 47 months. The odds ratio (OR) of incident kidney stone was significantly higher in the exposure group than the no exposure group [OR, 1.64; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.21 to 2.23]. Participants with > 1.2 h per week exposure were associated with almost twofold risk of developing kidney stones compared with no exposure (OR, 1.92; 95% CI 1.29 to 2.86). Our study suggests that secondhand smoke is a risk factor for development of kidney stones and supports the need for a prospective evaluation of this finding.
Excess ischemic tachyarrhythmias trigger protection against myocardial infarction in hypertensive rats
Authors: Neckář Jan , Alánová Petra , Olejníčková Veronika , Papoušek František , Hejnová Lucie , Šilhavý Jan , Behuliak Michal , Bencze Michal , Hrdlička Jaroslav , Vecka Marek , Jarkovská Dagmar , Švíglerová Jitka , Mistrová Eliška , Štengl Milan , Novotný Jiří , Ošťádal Bohuslav , Pravenec Michal , Kolář František 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Increased level of C-reactive protein (CRP) is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction and hypertension. Here, we analyzed the effects of CRP overexpression on cardiac susceptibility to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in adult spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) expressing human CRP transgene (SHR-CRP). Using an in vivo model of coronary artery occlusion, we found that transgenic expression of CRP predisposed SHR-CRP to repeated and prolonged ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Excessive ischemic arrhythmias in SHR-CRP led to a significant reduction in infarct size (IS) compared with SHR. The proarrhythmic phenotype in SHR-CRP was associated with altered heart and plasma eicosanoids, myocardial composition of fatty acids (FAs) in phospholipids, and autonomic nervous system imbalance before ischemia. To explain unexpected IS-limiting effect in SHR-CRP, we performed metabolomic analysis of plasma before and after ischemia. We also determined cardiac ischemic tolerance in hearts subjected to remote ischemic perconditioning (RIPer) and in hearts ex vivo. Acute ischemia in SHR-CRP markedly increased plasma levels of multiple potent cardioprotective molecules that could reduce IS at reperfusion. RIPer provided IS-limiting effect in SHR that was comparable with myocardial infarction observed in naïve SHR-CRP. In hearts ex vivo, IS did not differ between the strains, suggesting that extra-cardiac factors play a crucial role in protection. Our study shows that transgenic expression of human CRP predisposes SHR-CRP to excess ischemic ventricular tachyarrhythmias associated with a drop of pump function that triggers myocardial salvage against lethal I/R injury likely mediated by protective substances released to blood from hypoxic organs and tissue at reperfusion.
KMT-2021-BLG-0322: Severe degeneracy between triple-lens and higher-order binary-lens interpretations
Authors: Han Cheongho , Gould Andrew , Hirao Yuki , Lee Chung-Uk , Albrow Michael D. , Chung Sun-Ju , Hwang Kyu-Ha , Jung Youn Kil , Kim Doeon , Mao Shude , Ryu Yoon-Hyun , Shin In-Gu , Shvartzvald Yossi , Yee Jennifer C. , Zang Weicheng , Cha Sang-Mok , Kim Dong-Jin , Kim Hyoun-Woo , Kim Seung-Lee , Lee Dong-Joo , Lee Yongseok , Park Byeong-Gon , Pogge Richard W. , Abe Fumio , Barry Richard , Bennett David P. , Bhattacharya Aparna , Bond Ian , Donachie Martin , Fujii Hirosane , Fukui Akihiko , Itow Yoshitaka , Kirikawa Rintaro , Kondo Iona , Koshimoto Naoki , Alex Li Man Cheung , Matsubara Yutaka , Muraki Yasushi , Miyazaki Shota , Ranc Clément , Rattenbury Nicholas J. , Satoh Yuki , Shoji Hikaru , Sumi Takahiro , Suzuki Daisuke , Tanaka Yuzuru , Tristram Paul J. , Yamawaki Tsubasa , Yonehara Atsunori 
Published: September 2021

Aims. We investigate the microlensing event KMT-2021-BLG-0322, for which the light curve exhibits three distinctive sets of caustic-crossing features. It is found that the overall features of the light curve are approximately described by a binary-lens (2L1S) model, but the model leaves substantial residuals. We test various interpretations with the aim of explaining the residuals.
Methods. We find that the residuals can be explained either by considering a nonrectilinear lens-source motion caused by the microlens-parallax and lens-orbital effects or by adding a low-mass companion to the binary lens (3L1S model). The degeneracy between the higher-order 2L1S model and the 3L1S model is very severe, making it difficult to single out a correct solution based on the photometric data. This degeneracy was known before for two previous events (MACHO-97-BLG-41 and OGLE-2013-BLG-0723), which led to the false detections of planets in binary systems, and thus the identification of the degeneracy for KMT-2021-BLG-0322 illustrates that the degeneracy can be not only common but also very severe, emphasizing the need to check both interpretations of deviations from 2L1S models.
Results. From the Bayesian analysis conducted with the measured lensing observables of the event timescale, angular Einstein radius, and microlens parallax, it was estimated that the binary lens components have masses (M1,M2) = (0.62−0.26+0.25 M⊙, 0.07−0.03+0.03 M⊙), for both 2L1S and 3L1S solutions, and the mass of the tertiary lens component according to the 3L1S solution is M3 = 6.40−2.78+2.64 MJ.
Mild COVID-19 and Impaired Blood Cell–Endothelial Crosstalk: Considering Long-Term Use of Antithrombotics?
Authors: Melkumyants Arthur , Buryachkovskaya Ludmila , Lomakin Nikita , Antonova Olga , Serebruany Victor 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background Current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic reveals thrombotic, vascular, and endothelial dysfunctions at peak disease. However, the duration, degree of damage, and appropriate long-term use of antithrombotic strategies are unclear. Most COVID data are yielded from random clinical observations or autopsy of postmortem samples, while precise blood cellular data in survivors are insufficient.
Methods We analyzed erythrocytes, circulating endothelial cells, and echinocytes by electron microscopy and flow cytometry in patients with confirmed COVID-19 (n = 31) and matched healthy controls (n = 32) on admission and at hospital discharge.
Results All patients experienced mild disease, none required pulmonary support, and all survived. Admission number of circulating endothelial cells was significantly (40–100 times) higher in COVID-19 patients. Cells were massively damaged by multiple fenestrae in membranes with diameter comparable to the size of supercapsid in SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) virus. COVID-19 also provoked formation of stacked aggregated erythrocytes capable of clogging microvascular bed and of diminishing oxygen supply. In some patients, such abnormalities persisted at hospital discharge revealing remaining intracellular penetration of SARS-CoV-2 where it may be replicated and returned to circulation.
Conclusion These observational and descriptive data suggest that persistent viral cell injury may cause blood vessel damage; their increased permeability resulted in tissue edema, inflammation, platelet activation, and augmented thrombosis. There is a residual blood cell damage following the acute phase in some COVID-19 survivors. Controlled outcome-driven trials are urgently needed for exploring optimal use of long-term antithrombotics and vascular protection strategies even after mild COVID-19.
Maxacalcitol Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Modeling and Simulation for Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Patients Receiving Maintenance Hemodialysis
Authors: Fukazawa-Shinotsuka Mizuki , Saito Tomohisa , Abe Masaichi , Iida Satofumi , Wang I-Ting , Terao Kimio , Chen Hsi-Hsien , Liu Ming-Che 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background Maxacalcitol was approved in Taiwan in 2018 as the first active vitamin D3 injection for secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. However, no data from any clinical study with maxacalcitol in Taiwanese patients is available.
Objectives This analysis aimed to evaluate the profiles of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcium (Ca) concentrations in Taiwanese SHPT patients on hemodialysis and maxacalcitol.
Methods We developed population pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) models using a modeling and simulation approach. The data for these analyses were obtained from two studies: a clinical pharmacology study in Japanese patients and an ethnic comparison study in healthy Japanese and -Taiwanese volunteers. We then conducted a simulation study with a PK-PD model comprising the PK and PD models developed here.
Results Serum maxacalcitol concentration profile was modeled using a two-compartment model that took into consideration the distribution of concentrations below the lower limit of quantification. An ethnic difference in clearance was included in the PK model as a covariate. A PD model that used a PTH/Ca feedback loop best described the observed data. There were no significant differences in Ca or PTH concentrations between Taiwanese and Japanese based on the simulation results from our PK-PD model, even though maxacalcitol exposure was approximately 40% higher in Taiwanese than in Japanese.
Conclusions On the basis of these population PK and PD analyses and the clinical study conducted in Japan, there is no clinically relevant difference between Taiwanese and Japanese in terms of serum Ca or PTH levels.
Ramucirumab in Indian Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer—Does Borderline Performance Status and Heavy Burden of Disease in Real World Practice Impact Clinical Benefit?
Authors: Ramaswamy Anant , Bajaj Kripa , Talwar Vineet , Prabhash Kumar , Batra Ullas , Dhabhar Boman , Sharma Mansi , Ghadyalpatil Nikhil , CT Satish , Goyal Gautam , Muzamil Javvid , Bhatt Amit , Jain Parveen , Ranade Anantbhushan , Kamath Mangesh , Gawande Jayant Pundlik , Thippeswamy Ravi , Mirani Jimmy , Reddy Neelesh , Ganguly Sandip , Mishra Sourav Kumar , Madabhavi Irappa , HP Shashidhara , Panda Soumya Surath , Patil Shekar , Bhargava Prabhat , Ostwal Vikas 
Published: September 2021

Background Ramucirumab is considered a standard of care as second-line therapy (CT2) in advanced gastric cancers (AGCs). The aim of this study was to assess practice patterns and outcomes with ramucirumab among Indian patients with AGCs.
Materials and Methods A computerized clinical data entry form was formulated by the coordinating center's (Tata Memorial Hospital) medical oncologists and disseminated through personal contacts at academic conferences as well as via email for anonymized patient data entry. The data was analyzed for clinical characteristics, response rates, and survival outcomes.
Results A total of 26 physicians contributed data, resulting in 55 patients receiving ramucirumab and being available for analysis. Median age was 53 years (range: 26–78), 69.1% of patients had greater than two sites of disease, and baseline Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group's performance score (ECOG PS) ≥ 2 was seen in 61.8% of patients. Ramucirumab was used as monotherapy in 10.9% of patients, while the remaining 89.1% received ramucirumab combined with chemotherapy. Median event-free survival (EFS) and median overall survival (OS) with ramucirumab were3.53 months (95% CI: 2.5–4.57) and 5.7 months (95% CI: 2.39–9.0), respectively. Common class specific grade adverse events seen with ramucirumab included gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage (9.1% - all grades) and uncontrolled hypertension (Grade 3/4 - 3.6%).
Conclusions Ramucirumab appears to have similar efficacy in Indian AGC patients when compared with real-world data from other countries in terms of median EFS, but OS appears inferior due to more patients having borderline ECOG PS and high metastatic disease burden. GI hemorrhages appear more common than published data, although not unequivocally related to ramucirumab.
Estimating the Risk of Chemotherapy Toxicity in Indian Geriatric Patient Population and Utility of Chemotherapy Risk Assessment Scale for High Age Patients (CRASH) Score
Authors: Mittal Aditi , Rangaraju Ranga R. , Agarwal Amit , Chandragouda D. , Batra Sandeep , Qureshi Suhail 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background Aging is a heterogeneous process, and elderly population is diverse in health status and functional reserve. The present study was undertaken to predict severe chemotherapy toxicity using the Chemotherapy Risk Assessment Scale for High-Age Patients’ (CRASH) score.
Materials and Methods Elderly patients (age ≥65 years) with malignancy, who were planned to be treated with a new course of cytotoxic chemotherapy, were enrolled. The CRASH score was calculated, and patients were stratified into four categories, that is, low (0–3), intermediate (Int)-low (4–6), Int-high (7–9), and high (<9). Patients developing grade 3/4/5 nonhematologic (NH) or grade 4/5 hematologic (H) toxicity were taken as the development of severe toxicity.
Results Of 100 enrolled patients, 64 (64%) were able to complete their prescribed treatment. Forty-four percent of patients (44 patients) of our study cohort experienced grade-4 H or grade 3/4 NH toxicity. The highest score in each category (heme/nonheme/CRASH) predicts nearly 100% toxicity risk. At a critical value of CRASH ≥ 6.5, the sensitivity is calculated as 100%, while specificity is 89.09%. The accuracy of prediction is 93.88%. The median time taken to develop toxicity was 39.5 days.
Conclusion CRASH score utilizes clinical assessment and basic laboratory values. Yet, it accurately predicts severe chemotherapy toxicity above a critical value of 6.5. Based on the above study, the first 30 days are crucial as 45% of patients experienced toxicity in this time frame. With the help of these clinical predictive markers, the care of elderly will be optimized.
Evaluation of Burden and Anxiety in Caregivers of Patients with Pediatric Celiac Disease in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bucak Ibrahim Hakan , Tumgor Gokhan , Almis Habip , Kose Sumeyye , Dogan Cagla Nur , Turgut Mehmet 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background Anxiety and caregiver burden increase among caregivers for individuals with chronic disease. The purpose of this study was to compare the anxiety levels and caregiver burden among caregivers for cases with pediatric celiac disease (CD) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Materials The Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were applied to 29 parents caring for pediatric CD patients in January 2020, when COVID-19 cases had not yet been seen in Turkey. The study was designed prospectively. The scales were also reapplied to the same study group online during the COVID-19 pandemic (May 2020). The results were then compared.
Results Parents caring for 29 cases of pediatric CD; 21 mothers (72.4%), six fathers (20.7%), and two aunts (6.9%) took part in the study. Mean ZBI scores before and during the COVID-19 pandemic were 27.51 ± 14.12 (8–73) and 38.68 ± 10.95 (21–57), respectively (p < 0.01). Mean BAI scores before and during the COVID-19 pandemic were 13.27 ± 7.65 (1–27) and 23.48 ± 12.40 (2–48), respectively (p < 0.01).
Conclusion Increased anxiety and caregiver burden among caregivers of pediatric CD cases during the COVID-19 pandemic were identified for the first time in the literature in this study.
Quantifying sprint kayak training on a flowing river: Exploring the utility of novel power measures and its relationship to measures of relative boat speed
Authors: Hogan Cruz , Binnie Martyn J. , Doyle Matthew , Peeling Peter 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTQuantification of external training load for sprint kayak athletes can be challenging due to the influence of the water flow on boat velocity in a flowing river environment. Therefore, this study examined the utility of novel measures of power output (PO) and its relationship to measures of relative boat speed when training on a flowing river. Twelve (8 males, 4 female) well‐trained sprint kayak athletes completed 4 separate on‐water sessions comprising one time‐trial session (2 × 1000‐m maximal efforts) and three repeated sprint kayak training sessions (5 x split 1000‐m [2 × 500‐m up and down the river] submaximal efforts) in their individual (K1) kayak. For each session, a Kayak Power Meter recorded athletes’ PO, and a SpeedCoach device recorded relative land‐speed via a Global Positioning System (GPS) (S GPS), and relative water‐speed via an impeller mounted under the boat hull (S IMP). Non‐linear least squares regression were used to evaluate the curvilinear relationship between PO and speed (S GPS and S IMP) data. The exponents of velocity in the PO‐S IMP relationship (2.87 females, 2.94 males) were closer to theoretical values (3.00) and showed greater model accuracy (root mean squared error (RMSE) = 20–26 W) than the PO‐S GPS relationships (speed exponents = 1.58–2.02, RMSE = 31–40 W). Overall, PO measures could better account for the influence of water flow compared to traditional S GPS measures, and therefore, may be more suitable for quantifying athletes’ external load in their training environment.Highlights
Since traditional S GPS and time‐to‐completion measures do not adjust for the water flow, these measures appear limited for prescribing and monitoring sprint kayak training within flowing river environments.
The prescription of paddling PO across a wide spectrum of relative PO values elicited similar internal and external athlete responses, regardless of the direction travelled on a flowing river (i.e. upstream or downstream).
The relationship between PO and S IMP during on‐water sprint kayaking appears similar to those observed in rowing, where every percent change in boat speed measured relative to water (S IMP) requires a 2.87 and 2.94‐fold percent change in paddling PO in female and male sprint kayak athletes, respectively.
Continued evaluation of the PO‐speed relationship for individual athletes may provide further insight into modelling performance and training targets for sprint kayak athletes.