bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Features of Impaired Glucose Tolerance in Young Underweight Japanese Women
Authors: Sato Motonori , Tamura Yoshifumi , Nakagata Takashi , Someya Yuki , Kaga Hideyoshi , Yamasaki Nozomu , Kiya Mai , Kadowaki Satoshi , Sugimoto Daisuke , Satoh Hiroaki , Kawamori Ryuzo , Watada Hirotaka 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objective
In Japan, while it is known that underweight women over the age of 40 years have a high risk for type 2 diabetes, there is a lack of clarity on the association between glucose tolerance and underweight in younger women. Accordingly, we investigate the prevalence and features of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in young underweight Japanese women.

Designs and Methods
In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 56 normal weight and 98 underweight young Japanese women and evaluated their glucose tolerance levels using an oral glucose tolerance test. Then, we compared the clinical characteristics associated with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and IGT in the underweight women. Insulin secretion, whole-body insulin sensitivity, and adipose tissue insulin resistance values were measured using the insulinogenic index, whole-body insulin sensitivity index (Matsuda index), and adipose insulin resistance index (Adipo-IR), respectively. Fitness level (peak VO2) was measured using an ergometer.

Results
The prevalence of IGT was higher in the underweight women than the normal weight women (13.3% vs 1.8%). The underweight women with IGT showed a lower insulinogenic index, lower peak VO2, and Matsuda index and a higher fasting free fatty acid level and Adipo-IR than those with NGT. The whole-body composition was comparable between the NGT and IGT groups.

Conclusions
The prevalence of IGT was higher in young Japanese women with underweight than those with a normal weight. The underweight women with IGT showed impaired early-phase insulin secretion, low fitness levels, and reduced whole-body and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity levels.
Robust Neutralizing Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 Develop and Persist in Subjects with Diabetes and COVID-19 Pneumonia
Authors: Dispinseri Stefania , Lampasona Vito , Secchi Massimiliano , Cara Andrea , Bazzigaluppi Elena , Negri Donatella , Brigatti Cristina , Pirillo Maria Franca , Marzinotto Ilaria , Borghi Martina , Rovere-Querini Patrizia , Tresoldi Cristina , Ciceri Fabio , Scavini Marina , Scarlatti Gabriella , Piemonti Lorenzo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Context
Demonstrating the ability to mount a neutralizing antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in the presence of diabetes is crucial to understand COVID-19 pathogenesis, reinfection potential, and vaccine development.

Objective
The aim of this study was to characterize the kinetics and durability of neutralizing antibody (Nab) response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the presence of hyperglycemia.

Methods
Using a lentiviral vector–based SARS-CoV-2 neutralization assay to measure Nabs, we characterized 150 patients randomly selected from a cohort of 509 patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia. We analyzed Nab response according to the presence of diabetes or hyperglycemia, at the time of hospitalization and during the postdischarge follow-up: 1-, 3-, and 6-month outpatient visits.

Results
Among 150 randomly selected patients 40 (26.6%) had diabetes. Diabetes (hazard ratio [HR] 8.9, P &lt; .001), glucose levels (HR 1.25 × 1.1 mmol/L, P &lt; .001), and glucose variability (HR 1.17 × 0.6 mmol/L, P &lt; .001) were independently associated with an increased risk of mortality. The neutralizing activity of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in patients with diabetes was superimposable, as for kinetics and extent, to that of patients without diabetes. It was similar across glucose levels and correlated with the humoral response against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Positivity for Nabs at the time of hospital admission conferred protection on mortality, both in the presence (HR 0.28, P = .046) or absence of diabetes (HR 0.26, P = .030). The longevity of the Nab response was not affected by diabetes.

Conclusion
Diabetes and hyperglycemia do not affect the kinetics and durability of the neutralizing antibody response to SARS-CoV-2. These findings provide the rational to include patients with diabetes in the early phase of the vaccination campaign against SARS-CoV-2.
Adaptation of folk games to accelerated swimming training of junior schoolchildren in outdoor swimming pools or reservoirs
Authors: Obrazhei Olha 
Published: January 2021

The goal of the research was to test the effectiveness of the introduction of adapted Ukrainian folk games into the methodology of teaching swimming to junior schoolchildren in outdoor swimming pools or reservoirs.
Methodology: theoretical analysis and summary of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observations, testing, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical analysis and statistics.
Results. To assess the children's swimming fitness during the research, we developed a set of swimming tests. The results showed that we were able to significantly reduce a fear of water in junior schoolchildren by 28% (p
Functional tests assessing manual skills in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Strączyńska Agnieszka 
Published: January 2021

Background
The aim of the study is to analyze and identify available functional tests assessing manual skills in children with cerebral palsy, as well as to describe and evaluate usefulness of the available tests in terms of qualitative and quantitative assessment of hand function.
Materials and methods
A review of all available functional scales assessing manual functions in children with cerebral palsy was conducted. Searches were made in the following electronic databases: Medline, PubMed and Cochrane Library. The analysis included all the researched scales related to the upper limb function and cerebral palsy.
Results
The content, methodology and application of 11 functional tests were compared. All available published research studies presented the reliability and validity of the assessment tools.
Conclusions
Scales used to assess manual functions in children with CP are to systemize child's abilities to complement the diagnosis, detect existing dysfunctions and to determine prognostic significance.
Clinical laboratory diagnosis of obstructive megaureter in children
Authors: Svekatun Vyacheslav Nikolaevich , Dmitriakov Valeriy Aleksandrovich , Lytvynenko Olena Semenivna 
Published: January 2021

Introduction. Currently, there are more than 200 methods of surgical treatment of a megaureter, but none of the methods has achieved universal acceptance. Until now, the issues of differential diagnosis of organic and functional causes of ureteral dilatation in children under 3 years of age have not been sufficiently illuminated, there is no generally accepted algorithm for the management of patients with this pathology.
Relevance. The relevance of obstructive uropathies is evidenced by the fact that they occupy the third position in the list of the most common causes of chronic kidney disease in children, and account for 15% of cases. The prognosis of the outcome of obstructive uropathy is determined by the nature of the lesion and the degree of involvement in the pathological process of the kidneys, one of the main homeostatic and endocrine organs in humans. The degree of involvement of various markers in the development and progression of kidney damage in children is still insufficiently understood. All this prompts the search for screening, highly sensitive and specific methods for the diagnosis and prediction of nephrosclerotic changes in children against the background of urinary tract obstruction.
Objective: The study of the clinical and laboratory diagnostic methods, allowing to differentiate functional or organic urodynamic disorders, to determine the tactics of managing patients with obstructive uropathy.
Materials and methods. Since 2016, a study has been conducted of 174 children aged 0 to 18 years. 3 groups of children were identified: 1) with endoscopic treatment (main group); 2) treated with an open surgical method (control group); and 3) a group of children without urinary tract obstruction (reference group).
Results. In the course of the study, it was found that the most optimal values of serum cystatin C, close to the reference group (0.048-0.831 mg/ml) were obtained in children treated with endoscopic correction of the intramural ureter (0.217-0.798 mg/ml).
Conclusions. The tactics of endoscopic treatment of obstructive uropathies in children has advantages in terms of open surgical methods in technical simplicity, minimally invasiveness, maximum physiology, and a decrease in the frequency of postoperative complications. These theses are confirmed by the obtained results of the study of serum cystatin C as a marker of the state of renal filtration. It should be remembered that the effectiveness of endoscopic stenting of the lower ureter depends on the age of the child.
Model Penyebaran Penyakit SIR Tipe Rantai Binomial dengan Kontak Random dan Waktu Penyembuhan Bernilai Tak Hingga
Authors: Rosyid Ilham Asyifa Maulana , Respatiwulan Respatiwulan , Handajani Sri Sulistijowati 
Published: January 2021

<p>Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) epidemic model is an epidemic model that illustrates the pattern of disease spread with the characteristics of individuals who have recovered cannot be re-infected and have a permanent immune system. The binomial chain type epidemic model assumes that infection spreads in discrete time units and the number of the infected individuals follows a binomial distribution. This research aims to discuss binomial chain type SIR epidemic model by simulating the model. The transition probability depends on the number of infected individuals in the period the number of individuals encountered, and the transmission probability. This model also assumes an infinite recovery time ( = ∞). This situation illustrates that infected individuals remain contagious during the period of spread of the disease. This situation can arise when the causative agent of the disease has a long life. Then simulations are performed by giving different transmission probability The results show that the greater transmission probability will cause the probability of a new individual being infected in the next period to be greater.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong><strong> : </strong>SIR<em> </em>epidemic model, binomial chain, infinite recovery time</p>
Legal change and legal inertia: understanding and contextualising Scottish cases in which women kill their abusers
Authors: McPherson Rachel 
Published: January 2021

Significant legal and policy change related to domestic abuse has been evident in Scotland over the last 40 years. Despite this, no change has occurred in relation to cases in which women kill their abusers. This article maps the significant changes which have occurred in Scotland in relation to domestic abuse, linking these to the development of the Scottish women’s movement and related feminist activism. This landscape is contrasted with the inertia which has become apparent in relation to cases in which women kill their abusers. A detailed examination of the Scottish landscape is presented which includes in-depth qualitative analysis of 62 cases of this type.
Although the problems inherent to effecting change for women who kill their abusers are recognised, this article proposes several practical changes which could be implemented to bridge the knowledge gap which has emerged in Scotland. This call to action comes at the time when the Scottish Law Commission are considering homicide and defences to murder, making it a crucial time to consider the Scottish landscape in relation to this aspect of domestic abuse.
Pulse-Controlled Amplification–A new powerful tool for on-site diagnostics under resource limited conditions
Authors: Müller Katharina , Daßen Sarah , Holowachuk Scott , Zwirglmaier Katrin , Stehr Joachim , Buersgens Federico , Ullerich Lars , Stoecker Kilian 
Published: January 2021

Background
Molecular diagnostics has become essential in the identification of many infectious and neglected diseases, and the detection of nucleic acids often serves as the gold standard technique for most infectious agents. However, established techniques like polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are time-consuming laboratory-bound techniques while rapid tests such as Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic tests often lack the required sensitivity and/or specificity.

Methods/Principle findings
Here we present an affordable, highly mobile alternative method for the rapid identification of infectious agents using pulse-controlled amplification (PCA). PCA is a next generation nucleic acid amplification technology that uses rapid energy pulses to heat microcyclers (micro-scale metal heating elements embedded directly in the amplification reaction) for a few microseconds, thus only heating a small fraction of the reaction volume. The heated microcyclers cool off nearly instantaneously, resulting in ultra-fast heating and cooling cycles during which classic amplification of a target sequence takes place. This reduces the overall amplification time by a factor of up to 10, enabling a sample-to-result workflow in just 15 minutes, while running on a small and portable prototype device. In this proof of principle study, we designed a PCA-assay for the detection of Yersinia pestis to demonstrate the efficacy of this technology. The observed detection limits were 434 copies per reaction (purified DNA) and 35 cells per reaction (crude sample) respectively of Yersinia pestis.

Conclusions/Significance
PCA offers fast and decentralized molecular diagnostics and is applicable whenever rapid, on-site detection of infectious agents is needed, even under resource limited conditions. It combines the sensitivity and specificity of PCR with the rapidness and simplicity of hitherto existing rapid tests.
Queer Healing
Authors: Trinah Kakyo Katusiime 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
An assessment of a personal profile was used to write this shared personal take on queer healing. This direction was taken due to limited data on queer movements and healing in Uganda and the reluctance of other LGBTQIA+ identifying people to join in the article research. A personal assessment was carried out to assemble this article that explores a few personal experiences relatable to a wide range of African queer people who are navigating healing.
Dynamic Models for Seaweed Cultivation Development in The Waters of Luwu and Palopo Regency, South Sulawesi
Authors: Waluyo Waluyo , Yonvitner Yonvitner , Riani Etty , Arifin Taslim 
Published: January 2021

Waters carrying capacity in the seaweed of Eucheuma cottonii cultures should be a concern for optimum seaweed culture. Carrying capacity can determine by Ecological Footprint (EF) analysis, which in this research use footprint production, and mas balance nitrate analysis. This research on Mei 2015 (1st transitional season) and September 2015 (2nd transitional season) in Luwu and Palopo, South Sulawesi. Map and land use analyzed with geographic information systems (GIS). The results showed that the Ecological Footprint Production (EFP) in Luwu waters is 67,88 ton/capita/year, or equivalent to 235,823.93 tons/year. Based on the analysis of the availability of water for seaweed is 38,374.69 hectares, it can produce seaweed (biocapacity) for 922,928.96 tons/year and the number of farmers that allows for use the waters is 13,595 capita. The Ecological Footprint Production (EFP) in Palopo waters is 3.08 ton/capita/year, or equivalent to 4,589.99 tons/year. Water availability analysis is 979.82 hectares can produce seaweed (biocapacity) for 10,115.34 ton/year and the number of farmers that allows for use the waters is 3,276 capita. Based on the four scenario simulation management results of the development seaweed cultivation Eucheuma cottonii in Luwu and Palopo Regency is based on the present waste input, pressing inputs of waste into the waters of 10%, 25% and 50% yield different waters biocapacity. The results comparison between biocapacity and Ecological Footprint, ecological status for Luwu and Palopo waters are still in sustainable use. Based on those simulation results showed that in the second scenario by pressing the waste input by 10% from the existing waste input, as well as assuming the availability of water utilizing the entire area of 38,374.69 hectares continuously (on the years scale of 2008-2030), it will produce the highest biocapacity waters in the amount of 8,257,274.94 tons/year. So with the management of seaweed in Palopo with the second scenario, assuming the availability of water utilizing the entire area of 979.82 hectares will produce the highest waters biocapacity of 14,306.92 tons/year.
Ordinary hyperspheres and spherical curves
Authors: Lin Aaron , Swanepoel Konrad 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
An ordinary hypersphere of a set of points in real d-space, where no d + 1 points lie on a (d - 2)-sphere or a (d - 2)-flat, is a hypersphere (including the degenerate case of a hyperplane) that contains exactly d + 1 points of the set. Similarly, a (d + 2)-point hypersphere of such a set is one that contains exactly d + 2 points of the set. We find the minimum number of ordinary hyperspheres, solving the d-dimensional spherical analogue of the Dirac–Motzkin conjecture for d ⩾ 3. We also find the maximum number of (d + 2)-point hyperspheres in even dimensions, solving the d-dimensional spherical analogue of the orchard problem for even d ⩾ 4.
Design, Construction, and Performance Evaluation of an Evaporative Cooling System for Tomatoes Storage
Authors: Awafo Edward A. , Nketsiah Samuel , Alhassan Mumin , Appiah-Kubi Ebenezer 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
An evaporative cooling system was designed and constructed to increase the shelf life of stored vegetables. The evaporative cooler was tested and evaluated using freshly harvested roma tomatoes. The equipment operates on the principle of evaporative cooling which increased the relative humidity and decreased temperature in the preservation chamber. The storage system was made up of wood of 25.4 mm thickness. A side of the system is made of jute sack, which was moistened with water flowing through a series of perforated pipes from a reservoir located at the top of the storage system. The water flowed under gravity. The relative humidity and temperature of the tomatoes were analyzed using tinytag humidity, temperature data logger. The weight loss of the tomatoes was also analyzed using a dial gauge scale. The results revealed that there was significant difference in using the evaporative cooling system for storing tomatoes as compared to ambient conditions. The average cooling efficiency was found to be 81%. The average temperature achieved in the cooling system dropped to an average of 23℃ when compared to the average ambient temperature of 33℃, and the relative humidity also increased up to 99% when compared to the average ambient of 59%. The analysis of the evaporative cooling system showed that tomatoes can be stored for more than 6 days with negligible changes in weight, colour and firmness as compared to those under ambient condition, which deteriorated after day 3. The evaporative cooling system was found to be effective and hence can be used by farmers, households, and tomato processing factories for short term storage of fresh tomatoes.
Methods of Description and Interpretation of Impact Tests Results of Fruit and Vegetables
Authors: Stropek Zbigniew 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The article presents determination methods of characteristic values of the reaction force course during the impact on fruit and vegetables to quickly assess their firmness or maturity. Moreover, various methods of modelling of the plant material behaviour during the impact that use differential equations, analytical equations, statistic models and numerical methods were discussed. Furthermore, dynamic methods that use fruit dropping on a rigid plate and measurement techniques that use a rigid element that hits a motionless fruit were reviewed and assessed. Advantages and disadvantages of these methods were presented. Statistical models are better for assessment of the bruise damage, but theoretical models are more useful for understanding the impact of various factors related to the impact damage. Various methods of application of rheological theories that describe a behaviour of the produce tissue treated as an elastic, elastic and plastic and visco-elastic were also described.
Assessment of Co2 Emission by Tractor Engine at Varied Control Settings of Fuel Unit
Authors: Wasilewski Jacek , Szyszlak-Bargłowicz Joanna , Zając Grzegorz , Szczepanik Małgorzata 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The paper presents results of experimental studies concerning CO2 emission of S-4003 diesel engine Ursus C-360 at a variable fuel injection advance angle and opening pressure of injectors. Measurements were made on the dynamometric stand on the test bench. The engine operated according to the load characteristic at two characteristic rotational speeds i.e., at the maximum torque velocity (1600 rpm) and at the rated speed (2200 rpm). In each measurement point of load characteristics, CO2 concentration was measured in exhaust gases with the use of exhaust gases analyser M-488 Multigas Plus. For a more detailed analysis of the CO2 content in exhaust gases, additional change of O2 level emission was presented, which in the biggest amount combines elementary carbon included in fuel during combustion. The studies showed the CO2 content reduction in exhaust gases at the reduced (by 3º of crankshaft rotations) fuel injection advance angle in comparison to the nominal angle by 4.5% at the rotational speed of 1600 rpm and by 5.7% at the speed of 2200 rpm (the average values for all measurement points of load - brake horsepower of engine). Similarly, CO2 concentration decrease in exhaust gases of the investigated engine was reported for the increased (by 1.5 MPa) opening pressure of injectors in comparison to the nominal pressure, on average by 9.8% for the speed of the maximum rotational moment and by 4.5% for the rated speed.
Wheat Bread with Grape Seeds Micropowder: Impact on Dough Rheology and Bread Properties
Authors: Valková Veronika , Ďúranová Hana , Štefániková Jana , Miškeje Michal , Tokár Marián , Gabríny Lucia , Kowalczewski Przemysław Łukasz , Kačániová Miroslava 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The current study was designed to enhance the functionality of white bread by replacement of wheat flour with different levels (1%, 2%, 5%, and 8%) of grape seeds micropowder (GSMP) with nanosized particles (10 µm). Chemical composition of GSMP, volume and sensory attributes, evaluated with the panel of evaluators and an electronic nose (e-nose) and an electronic eye (e-eye) were investigated in the tested breads. It has been found out that GSMP contained appreciable amounts of flavonoids including catechin, epicatechin, gallic acid and minerals especially, Ca, K and Mg. The data from rheological analysis showed that the addition of GSMP (mainly at 5% and 8% levels) to the wheat flour had a positive effect on dough manifesting with rheology by increased dough stability. The volume of the experimental breads (above 1% concentration) was demonstrably declined (P < 0.0001) in comparison with the control bread. Sensory rating revealed that the bread fortified with 1% GSMP was judged by the consumer panelists as the most acceptable with the highest scores for all quality attributes which was also confirmed by the data of e-nose and e-eye. Our results suggest for the first time that 1% GSMP addition appears to be a promising functional ingredient to improve bread with required qualitative and sensory properties.