bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Perputaran Kas Dan Piutang Terhadap Rasio Profitabilitas PT. Akari Indonesia Cabang Medan
Authors: Vince Ariany  , Nomika Riati Pasaribu  
Published: August 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perputaran kas dan perputaran piutang PT. Akari Indonesia dengan menggunakan rasio profitabilitas. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kondisi yang terjadi untuk melihat, mengungkapkan dan menggambarkan secara tepat hal-hal yang sedang dihadapi serta menarik kesimpulan. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data primer yaitu data yang merupakan kumpulan dari data yang bukan angka seperti sejarah berdirinya perusahaan dan struktur organisasinya serta data sekunder yaitu data yang merupakan kumpilan dari data angka-angka atau data yang dapat dihitung serta dapat dianalisis secara sistematis.
Hasil penelitian dari perhitungan perputaran kas dan perputaran piutang menunjukkan efektivitas rasio profitabilitas PT. Akari Indonesia cabang Medan selama kurun waktu 3 tahun (2015-2017) kurang efektif, dilihat dari perhitungan perputaran kas dan piutangnya tahun 2015 kas bersih dari aktivitas operasi menunjukkan nilai negatif, dan beberapa rasio selama tahun 2016-2017 juga menunjukkan nilai negatif dan rasio profitabilitas operasi dibawah 1 yang menggambarkan bahwa perusahaan kurang mampu memenuhi kewajiban serta komitmennya.
A comparative Study of Health Seeking Behaviour of Elderly in Rural and Urban Area of Prayagraj
Authors: Verma Vandana , Prakash Shiv , Parveen Khurshid , Shaikh Shama 
Published: August 2021

Background: Health of elderly is already a neglected area as general ageing comes with acceptance of diseases. The aim was to compare the health seeking behaviour of elderly in Prayagraj district in Uttar Pradesh.
Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out on elderly aged 60 years and above; selected from urban and rural areas of Prayagraj district by multistage random sampling and were interviewed using pre tested schedule. Data analysis was done on SPSS 16 version.
Results: A total of 400 elderly were surveyed, majority were lived in joint families (59%), illiterate (43.75%), and belonged to lower class (34.75%). More of urban elderly were seeking treatment (76%) than rural elderly (66%) whereas Allopathic therapy was preferred in both the group. In urban areas elderly prefer private facilities for the treatment (64.5%) whereas more of rural elderly preferred government health facilities (53%). The common cause of having no faith in government health services as stated by elderly in both rural (41.7%) and urban (29.3%) area was non availability of medicine.
Conclusion: Over all the study showed that more of urban elderly seek treatment for their health problems as compared to rural elderly which could be attributed to inaccessibility to health care services.
Technical Debt in Practice
Authors: Ernst Neil , Kazman Rick , Delange Julien 
Published: August 2021

The practical implications of technical debt for the entire software life cycle; with examples and case studies.
Technical debt in software is incurred when developers take shortcuts and make ill-advised technical decisions in the initial phases of a project, only to be confronted with the need for costly and labor-intensive workarounds later. This book offers advice on how to avoid technical debt, how to locate its sources, and how to remove it. It focuses on the practical implications of technical debt for the entire software lifecycle, with examples and case studies from companies that range from Boeing to Twitter.
Technical debt is normal; it is part of most iterative development processes. But if debt is ignored, over time it may become unmanageably complex, requiring developers to spend all of their effort fixing bugs, with no time to add new features—and after all, new features are what customers really value. The authors explain how to monitor technical det, how to measure it, and how and when to pay it down. Broadening the conventional definition of technical debt, they cover requirements debt, implementation debt, testing debt, architecture debt, documentation debt, deployment debt, and social debt. They intersperse technical discussions with “Voice of the Practitioner” sidebars that detail real-world experiences with a variety of technical debt issues.
Leveraging Distortions
Authors: Rice Collin 
Published: August 2021

An examination of how scientists deliberately and justifiably use pervasive distortions of relevant features to explain and understand natural phenomena.
A fundamental rule of logic is that in order for an argument to provide good reasons for its conclusion, the premises of the argument must be true. In this book, Collin Rice shows how the practice of science repeatedly, pervasively, and deliberately violates this principle. Rice argues that scientists strategically use distortions that misrepresent relevant features of natural phenomena in order to explain and understand—and that they use these distortions deliberately and justifiably in order to discover truths that would be otherwise inaccessible.
Countering the standard emphasis on causation, accurate representation, and decomposition of science into its accurate and inaccurate parts, Rice shows that science's epistemic achievements can still be factive despite their being produced through the use of holistically distorted scientific representations. Indeed, he argues, this distortion is one of the most widely employed and fruitful tools used in scientific theorizing. Marshalling a range of case studies, Rice contends that many explanations in science are noncausal, and he presents an alternate view of explanation that captures the variety of noncausal explanations found across the sciences. He proposes an alternative holistic distortion view of idealized models, connecting it to physicists' concept of a universality class; shows how universality classes can overcome some of the challenges of multiscale modeling; and offers accounts of explanation, idealization, modeling, and understanding.
Teaching Science Concept with Games: A Case of Naming Inorganic Compounds with IUPAC System in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Etokeren Inibehe S. , Abosede Olufunso O. 
Published: August 2021

Background: This study investigated the effect of games teaching approach on students’ academic performance in IUPAC inorganic nomenclature in Senior Secondary Schools in Rivers State, Nigeria. Quasi-experimental design, specifically pre-test post-test control groups was adopted. The sample comprised 93 Senior Secondary 2 and 3 chemistry students
Methods: The instrument was IUPAC Inorganic Nomenclature Performance Test validated by two Science Education Lecturers and one expert in Measurement and Evolution. The reliability coefficient of 0.87 of the instrument was determined by test-retest method. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions and hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance using Analysis of Variance.
Results: There was a significant difference in the performance of students taught IUPAC inorganic nomenclature with games approach and those with lecture method. Students taught with games approach performed significantly better in the performance test than those taught with lecture method. There was no significant gender based difference in performance, however, significant difference based on class level was obtained. It was recommended among others that, chemistry teachers should incorporate suitable educational games in teaching chemistry and also motivate students towards learning of chemistry.
Historical Uses and Breeding Technologies of Protaetia brevitarsis surensis (Larvae for Food) for the Edible Insect Industry in South Korea
Authors: Cho Mi-So , Cho Young-Son 
Published: August 2021

We aim to review Protaetia brevitarsis surensis (PBS) with a specific focus on its historical uses and characteristics, making it one of the most viable food sources or medicinal materials. Ordinary PBS and food insects are characterized by low-emission, especially greenhouse gas, insect farming technologies in Republic of Korea. In addition, PBS is considered essentially acceptable for alternative insect food for human and effective environmental conservation in the near future.
Generally, PBS larvae have long been studied the most widely as edible and medicinal insects in Korea compared to the other countries. Almost one thousands farmers are breeding the PBS and the productivity range are very variable from 0.3 to 5.0 tons/person·per year.
Analysis of Canagliflozin in Rat Plasma After Oral Administration by Liquid Chromatographic as (Pharmacokinetic Study)
Authors: Gupta Krishna R. , Shelke Sneha , Ganorkar Anvesha V. , Patel Nishiben , Umekar Milind J. 
Published: August 2021

The research work aims to develop a bioanalytical method using liquid chromatography and validated for the determination of canagliflozin by using an internal standard. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee, Nagpur (MS). Isocratic chromatography separation was achieved on an LC system with PDA detector on an ACE C18 (150mm× 4.6mm × 5µm) column using a mobile phase composition of acetonitrile: ammonium acetate buffer in the ration of 50:50 v/v (pH 4.5), orthophosphoric acid is used to adjust pH of mobile phase and the flow rate at 1.0ml/ min. and estimation was carried out at 291 nm. The retention time of a drug was 4.633 minutes. The method was validated for several parameters (specificity, linearity, precision, and accuracy) and also successfully applied for the pharmacokinetic in female rats. Calibration plot was linear (r2 > 0.9973) over the concentration range of 5-30 µg/ml for canagliflozin. The high recovery and low relative standard deviation (%RSD) confirm the suitability of the method. The result of Limit of Detection (LOD) and Limit of Quantitation (LOQ) were found to be 0.1099 μg/ml and 0.3331 μg/ml, respectively. The new RP-HPLC method can be conveniently adapted for examining canagliflozin concentration in rat plasma after oral administration.
Reproductive Health: Need of the Hour
Authors: Diksha . , Singh C. K. , Priyanka . 
Published: August 2021

Reproductive health of women remains a major development task in any country. Reproductive health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not simply the absence of any disease, in all matters relating to the reproductive system and to its functions and processes. The Review Article outlines the current literature on women's reproductive health which consist abortion, sexually transmitted disease, child and forced marriage, contraceptive methods etc. current statistics related to women reproductive health also discussed in this paper. Reproductive health of women is maintained by reducing fertility rate and spacing among births. The use of various contraceptives is best known alternative. Health status of women has ramification and impact on the human well-being, economic growth and on their families also. Woman with poor health are likely to give birth to low weight infants and less care to their children. Moreover, Indian women have high mortality rates, particularly during childhood and in their reproductive years. Other problems in women in India are low level of education, son preference, pressure of dowry, lack of independence and decision making. All these factors also have impact on the health of women (Reproductive Health Strategy, 2010). In this review paper, the efforts are made to discuss reproductive health and related issues of Indian women. Review article concluded that reproductive system of females comprises of the ovaries, fallopian tubes, vagina uterus, mammary glands, breasts, and vulva. All of these female genital organs play significant roles in the production and transportation of gametes and also production of sex hormones. There are different life stages accompanying with sexual subsists and reproductive health issues that include fertility, contraception, menstruation, menopause, sexually transmissible infections and chronic health problems like PCOS or PCOD etc. Taking care of reproductive systems in the female body requires attention to one’s health and regular check-ups.
Other Families of Rational Solutions to the KPI Equation
Authors: Gaillard Pierre 
Published: August 2021

Aims / Objectives: We present rational solutions to the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation (KPI) in terms of polynomials in x, y and t depending on several real parameters. We get an infinite hierarchy of rational solutions written as a quotient of a polynomial of degree 2N(N + 1) - 2 in x, y and t by a polynomial of degree 2N(N + 1) in x, y and t, depending on 2N - 2 real parameters for each positive integer N.
Place and Duration of Study: Institut de math´ematiques de Bourgogne, Universit´e de Bourgogne Franche-Cont´e between January 2020 and January 2021.
Conclusion: We construct explicit expressions of the solutions in the simplest cases N = 1 and N = 2 and we study the patterns of their modulus in the (x; y) plane for different values of time t and parameters. In particular, in the study of these solutions, we see the appearance not yet observed of three pairs of two peaks in the case of order 2.
Grain Yield and Nutrient Uptake of Rice as Influenced by the Nano Forms of Nitrogen and Zinc
Authors: Lahari Shagam , Hussain S. A. , Parameswari Y. S. , Sharma S. Harish Kumar 
Published: August 2021

An experiment was conducted at college farm, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, in Sandy loam soils during rabi, 2020 to study the effect of nano nitrogen and nano zinc on the yield and nutrient uptake of rice (Oryza sativa. L). The experiment was carried out in randomised block design with 10 treatments and 3 replications. Results revealed that application of 50% conventional nitrogen fertilizer + foliar spray of 4 ml L-1 nano nitrogen at tillering and before panicle initiation stage + foliar spray of 2 ml L-1 nano zinc at tillering and before panicle initiation stage (T10) significantly increased the grain yield (6810 kg ha-1) and uptake of nitrogen (147.7 kg ha-1), phosphorous (30.0 kg ha-1), potassium (137.9 kg ha-1) and zinc (367 kg ha-1) which were on par with (T9) application of 50% conventional nitrogen fertilizer + foliar spray of 4 ml L-1 nano nitrogen at tillering and before panicle initiation stage.
Microbial Profile of Fermented Maize Flour (Ogi) and African Oil Bean (Pentaclethra macrophylla) Seeds
Authors: Itaman V. O. , Nwachukwu E. 
Published: August 2021

This study assessed the microbial and physicochemical properties of fermented maize flour (Ogi) and Pentaclethra macrophylla seeds (Ugba). The microbial analyses were done based on microbiological standards. The samples were monitored at points of preparation from 0 to 96 hours of fermentation. The physicochemical parameters were performed in accordance to standard procedures. Selected dilutions were inoculated by pour-plate method on appropriate media for isolation of aerobic bacteria, Staphylococci, coliforms, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and fungi. Molecular identification of the LAB were done using 16s rRNA Sanger sequencing method. The pH decreased steadily from 3.9 to 3.3 for Ogi and from 7.7 to 5.8 for Ugba, with a corresponding increase in titratable acidity from 1.3 to 2.5 for Ogi and from 0.6 ± 0.14ef to 1.2 ± 0.28c for Ugba. Microorganisms isolated from fermented maize flour (Ogi) and ‘Ugba’ were; Lactobacillus brevis, L. plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici, Staphylococcus species, Escherichia coli, Bacillus species, Micrococus species, Pseudomonas species, Proteus species, Saccharomyces species, Aspergillus species and Candida species. The total bacteria counts showed decrease in both samples, with Ugba having the highest bacteria count (2.7×106±12.00a cfu/g which decreased to 1.0×106 ± 2.00f cfu/g) compared to Ogi with values (1.3×106 ± 3.00c cfu/g to 1.6 ×105± 1.73h cfu/g) from 0 hour to 96 hours of the fermentation period. Fungi counts increased in both samples throughout the fermentation period with Ugba having counts of (1.4 ×103± 2.65i to 2.8 ×104 ± 5.00 a cfu/g), and Ogi (7.7 ×103± 1.53 h to 2.7 ×104± 6.00 b cfu/g). LAB were persistent and most predominant in Ogi while Bacillus species were most predominant in Ugba. The variations in their different levels of values were of significant difference (P ≤ 0.05). This study revealed the distribution of fermentative microorganisms and few contaminants which were not directly associated with fermentation process and that can however, be further reduced through heat preparation treatment of Ogi.
Erector Spinae Plane Block: A New Twinkling Star Ready To Create Wonders in Toddler’s Spine Surgeries - A Case Report
Authors: Sonawane Kartik , Rahurkar Akshay , Dixit Hrudini , Sekar Chelliah 
Published: August 2021

Aims: The expanded horizon of the ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block (ESPB) shows promising results in various surgeries involving the thoracic, abdominal, pelvic, joint, and spine regions. We aimed to administer ESPB in spine surgery of the early pediatric age group patient to reduce the overall requirement of the intraoperative general anesthetic drugs and postoperative opioids due to high analgesic demands.
Presentation of Case: We report the application of ultrasound-guided bilateral ESPB as multimodal analgesia (MMA) component in the spine surgery of the youngest (2-year old) age group.
Discussion: Spine surgeries, especially scoliosis surgeries, are associated with extensive surgical dissection, leading to significant postoperative nociception causing high analgesic demands and necessitating high opioid consumption. It further leads to opioid-related side effects, delay in discharge, late ambulation, and prolonged hospital stay.
The ESPB potentially helps in controlling polypharmacy by providing wide multisegmented analgesic coverage due to its multidirectional drug spread pattern. There are upcoming concerns regarding anesthesia-induced developmental neurotoxicity and the detrimental effect of general anesthesia in developing children. Such concerns can be addressed by cutting down the requirement of general anesthetic agents to a minimum level with the help of modalities like MMA incorporating regional analgesia (RA) as an adjunct.
Conclusion: The ESPB can be a safe and effective adjunct to the MMA in providing opioid-free optimal analgesia in spine surgery of the youngest population.
Overview of the Pharmacological Management of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Shulamite N. Sherly , Malavika B. Pragna , Swami P. Aravinda 
Published: August 2021

Aim: The aim of the study is to assess the Pharmacological management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
Methodology: This is an observational prospective study, carried out in a tertiary care hospital.
Results: A total of 300 postmenopausal women were enrolled in the study. The mean ± standard deviation, of the age of postmenopausal women included in this study was 55.5 ± 5.0 years. 68.1% were prescribed with the combinational therapy of Teriparatide+Bisphosphonates. 39.2% of subjects were using acetaminophen for pain.
Conclusion: Antiresorptive drugs (hormonal therapy, bisphosphonates, and denosumab) and, the anabolic agents (teriparatide) are commonly prescribed, in this study it is obvious that Sequential Therapy is highly prevailing in the clinical practice, with 68.1%.
Irinotecan Engineered Proniosomes: In vitro and In vivo Characterization
Authors: Goudanavar Prakash , Ramesh B. , Fattepur Santosh , Sreeharsha Nagaraja 
Published: August 2021

Objective: The focus of this research has been to improve efficacy, decrease tolerance and increase the irinotecan pharmacokinetic profile.
Methods: Proniosomesformulated with various surfactants, cholesterol and dicetyl phosphate using the slurry method. A slurry process was used to prepare proniosomes with maltodextrin as the carrier by using surfactants span 20, span 60, tween 20 and tween 80.
Results: The preparations were characterized in terms of shape and specific surface area, entrapment efficacy, in vitro release studies, in vivo tissue diffusion and stability testing. The proniosome surface was found to be smoother in nature showing thin and compact layer with skim milk powder. For formulation 2 (73.94±2.8%), the maximum entrapment efficacy was found.
Conclusion: The formulation 3 obtained the desired maximum release profile within 24 hours (98.06%). The in vivo tissue distribution studies for the proniosomes reveal that the drug was preferentially targeted to liver followed by the alveolus and lymphatic system.Stability studies have indicated that the most acceptable condition for storage of the formulation 2 was 4o C. Proniosomes provide an acceptable method to the carrier for targeted therapy. These can be held at specific sites and can release the drug for a prolonged period of time.
Updates in Diagnosis and Managements of Polymyositis: Simple Review
Authors: Alanazi Laila Abdullah S. , Madshush Abdullah Mohammed A. AL , Alatawi Omniyyah Mohammed S. , Albuhairy Asmaa Hamed M. , Aljohani Jomana Khalid M. , Alfahimani Asmaa Muslim , Alotaibi Jalawi Talal A. , Alatawi Abrar Atallah O. , Ibrahim Mohammed Ibrahim F. Bin , Alrofydi Saud Mohammed S. , Altemani Marwan Fahad H. 
Published: August 2021

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) includes an unusual group of acute, chronic, and subacute developed diseases of skeletal muscle characterized by moderate to severe muscle weakness and inflammation.Polymyositis is generally considered to be a prototypic T cell-mediated autoimmune myopathy, while DM was traditionally associated with a humoral-driven microangiopathy, though the putative autoantibodies and their targets have yet to be identified, and there is increasing evidence implicating the type I interferon pathway in the pathogenesis of the disease. Women between the ages of 50 and 70 are the most typically affected. Proximal muscular weakness is the most common clinical symptom. Inflammatory arthritis, Raynaud's phenomenon, myocarditis, and interstitial lung disease are all examples of extramuscular involvement. In this review, we overview updates in diagnosis and managements of polymyositis.
Cardiac Protection Activity of Ethanol Extract of White Curcumin (Curcuma Zedoaria), Against Cyclophosphamid Induced Cardiovascular Complications in Male Rat
Authors: Amrullah Addin , Florenly . , Fachrial Edy 
Published: August 2021

Objective: The common side effects associated with cyclophosphamide administration are bone marrow suppression, exposure to infections, as well as cardiovascular complications, including sinus bradycardia, pericarditis, myocarditis, and type 1 heart problems. The present study was sought to investigate the effect of curcumin on modulating side effectt of cyclophosphamide and the mechanisms involved.
Methods: This experimental study was carried out in the Department of Pharmacology, North Sumatra University during 2020. Thirty Wistar albino male rats, weighing 100 to 150 g (initial body weight); aged 85 to 100 days were selected for the study. After acclimatization for 14 days. Rats (n = 30) were pretreated with catechin (200 mg/kg, p.o.) alone, normal sample and different dose combination of curcumin (200, 400, 800 mg/kg, p.o.) in 10th day. The whole rats in each groups fed on 150 mg/KgBW of cyclophosphamide solution on days 11th to 15th of the trial The heart was remove blood was taken Serum creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) level was estimated by IFCC method and Troponin T (cTnI) level by ELISA method. The blood samples were collected and complete blood count were measured by cell counter. The statistical analysis was done by one way ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc test, with coefficient interval of 95% (α = 0,05).
Results: The results revealed that the CKMB and Troponin T levels decreased along with a dosage increase in thegroup with ethanol extract of white turmeric and an improvement in homeostasis and the histopathology of the liver of the rats. The impact of white turmeric is protective against cardiac cell damage of mice.