bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous CK2/TNIK/DYRK1 inhibition by 108600 suppresses triple negative breast cancer stem cells and chemotherapy-resistant disease
Authors: Sato Katsutoshi , Padgaonkar Amol A. , Baker Stacey J. , Cosenza Stephen C. , Rechkoblit Olga , Subbaiah D. R. C. Venkata , Domingo-Domenech Josep , Bartkowski Alison , Port Elisa R. , Aggarwal Aneel K. , Ramana Reddy M. V. , Irie Hanna Y. , Reddy E. Premkumar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTriple negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains challenging because of heterogeneous responses to chemotherapy. Incomplete response is associated with a greater risk of metastatic progression. Therefore, treatments that target chemotherapy-resistant TNBC and enhance chemosensitivity would improve outcomes for these high-risk patients. Breast cancer stem cell-like cells (BCSCs) have been proposed to represent a chemotherapy-resistant subpopulation responsible for tumor initiation, progression and metastases. Targeting this population could lead to improved TNBC disease control. Here, we describe a novel multi-kinase inhibitor, 108600, that targets the TNBC BCSC population. 108600 treatment suppresses growth, colony and mammosphere forming capacity of BCSCs and induces G2M arrest and apoptosis of TNBC cells. In vivo, 108600 treatment of mice bearing triple negative tumors results in the induction of apoptosis and overcomes chemotherapy resistance. Finally, treatment with 108600 and chemotherapy suppresses growth of pre-established TNBC metastases, providing additional support for the clinical translation of this agent to clinical trials.
Non-invasive hydrodynamic imaging in plant roots at cellular resolution
Authors: Pascut Flavius C. , Couvreur Valentin , Dietrich Daniela , Leftley Nicky , Reyt Guilhem , Boursiac Yann , Calvo-Polanco Monica , Casimiro Ilda , Maurel Christophe , Salt David E. , Draye Xavier , Wells Darren M. , Bennett Malcolm J. , Webb Kevin F. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA key impediment to studying water-related mechanisms in plants is the inability to non-invasively image water fluxes in cells at high temporal and spatial resolution. Here, we report that Raman microspectroscopy, complemented by hydrodynamic modelling, can achieve this goal - monitoring hydrodynamics within living root tissues at cell- and sub-second-scale resolutions. Raman imaging of water-transporting xylem vessels in Arabidopsis thaliana mutant roots reveals faster xylem water transport in endodermal diffusion barrier mutants. Furthermore, transverse line scans across the root suggest water transported via the root xylem does not re-enter outer root tissues nor the surrounding soil when en-route to shoot tissues if endodermal diffusion barriers are intact, thereby separating ‘two water worlds’.
High-performance photonic transformers for DC voltage conversion
Authors: Zhao Bo , Assawaworrarit Sid , Santhanam Parthiban , Orenstein Meir , Fan Shanhui 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDirect current (DC) converters play an essential role in electronic circuits. Conventional high-efficiency DC voltage converters, especially step-up type, rely on switching operation, where energy is periodically stored within and released from inductors and/or capacitors connected in a variety of circuit topologies. Since these energy storage components, especially inductors, are fundamentally difficult to scale down, miniaturization of switching converters proves challenging. Furthermore, the resulting switching currents produce significant electromagnetic noise. To overcome the limitations of switching converters, photonic transformers, where voltage conversion is achieved through light emission and detection processes, have been demonstrated. However, the demonstrated efficiency is significantly below that of the switching converter. Here we perform a detailed balance analysis and show that with a monolithically integrated design that enables efficient photon transport, the photonic transformer can operate with a near-unity conversion efficiency and high voltage conversion ratio. We validate the theory with a transformer constructed with off-the-shelf discrete components. Our experiment showcases near noiseless operation and a voltage conversion ratio that is significantly higher than obtained in previous photonic transformers. Our findings point to the possibility of a high-performance optical solution to miniaturizing DC power converters and improving the electromagnetic compatibility and quality of electrical power.
High performance floating self-excited sliding triboelectric nanogenerator for micro mechanical energy harvesting
Authors: Long Li , Liu Wenlin , Wang Zhao , He Wencong , Li Gui , Tang Qian , Guo Hengyu , Pu Xianjie , Liu Yike , Hu Chenguo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNon-contact triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) enabled for both high conversion efficiency and durability is appropriate to harvest random micro energy owing to the advantage of low driving force. However, the low output (<10 μC m−2) of non-contact TENG caused by the drastic charge decay limits its application. Here, we propose a floating self-excited sliding TENG (FSS-TENG) by a self-excited amplification between rotator and stator to achieve self-increased charge density, and the air breakdown model of non-contact TENG is given for a maximum charge density. The charge density up to 71.53 μC m−2 is achieved, 5.46 times as that of the traditional floating TENG. Besides, the high output enables it to continuously power small electronics at 3 m s−1 weak wind. This work provides an effective strategy to address the low output of floating sliding TENG, and can be easily adapted to capture the varied micro mechanical energies anywhere.
Classification of psychiatric symptoms using deep interaction networks: the CASPIAN-IV study
Authors: Marateb Hamid Reza , Tasdighi Zahra , Mohebian Mohammad Reza , Naghavi Azam , Hess Moritz , Motlagh Mohammad Esmaiel , Heshmat Ramin , Mansourian Marjan , Mañanas Miguel Angel , Binder Harald , Kelishadi Roya 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIdentifying the possible factors of psychiatric symptoms among children can reduce the risk of adverse psychosocial outcomes in adulthood. We designed a classification tool to examine the association between modifiable risk factors and psychiatric symptoms, defined based on the Persian version of the WHO-GSHS questionnaire in a developing country. Ten thousand three hundred fifty students, aged 6–18 years from all Iran provinces, participated in this study. We used feature discretization and encoding, stability selection, and regularized group method of data handling (GMDH) to classify the a priori specific factors (e.g., demographic, sleeping-time, life satisfaction, and birth-weight) to psychiatric symptoms. Self-rated health was the most critical feature. The selected modifiable factors were eating breakfast, screentime, salty snack for depression symptom, physical activity, salty snack for worriedness symptom, (abdominal) obesity, sweetened beverage, and sleep-hour for mild-to-moderate emotional symptoms. The area under the ROC curve of the GMDH was 0.75 (CI 95% 0.73–0.76) for the analyzed psychiatric symptoms using threefold cross-validation. It significantly outperformed the state-of-the-art (adjusted p < 0.05; McNemar's test). In this study, the association of psychiatric risk factors and the importance of modifiable nutrition and lifestyle factors were emphasized. However, as a cross-sectional study, no causality can be inferred.
Seasonal climate forecast can inform the European agricultural sector well in advance of harvesting
Authors: Ceglar Andrej , Toreti Andrea 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSeasonal climate forecasts are a key component of sectoral climate services. Skill and reliability in predicting agro-climate indicators, co-designed with and for European wheat farmers, are here assessed. The main findings show how seasonal climate forecast provides useful information for decision-making processes in the European winter wheat-producing sector. Flowering time can be reliably predicted already at the beginning of the growing season in central and eastern Europe, thus supporting effective variety selection and timely planning of agro-management practices. The predictability of climate events relevant for winter wheat production is strongly dependent on the forecast initialization time as well as the nature of the event being predicted. Overall, regionally skillful and reliable predictions of drought events during the sensitive periods of wheat flowering and grain filling can be made already at the end of winter. On the contrary, predicting excessive wetness seems to be very challenging as no or very limited skill is estimated during the entire wheat growing season. Other approaches, e.g., linked to the use of large-scale atmospheric patterns, should be identified to enhance the predictability of those harmful events.
Record winter winds in 2020/21 drove exceptional Arctic sea ice transport
Authors: Mallett R. D. C. , Stroeve J. C. , Cornish S. B. , Crawford A. D. , Lukovich J. V. , Serreze M. C. , Barrett A. P. , Meier W. N. , Heorton H. D. B. S. , Tsamados M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe volume of Arctic sea ice is in decline but exhibits high interannual variability, which is driven primarily by atmospheric circulation. Through analysis of satellite-derived ice products and atmospheric reanalysis data, we show that winter 2020/21 was characterised by anomalously high sea-level pressure over the central Arctic Ocean, which resulted in unprecedented anticyclonic winds over the sea ice. This atmospheric circulation pattern drove older sea ice from the central Arctic Ocean into the lower-latitude Beaufort Sea, where it is more vulnerable to melting in the coming warm season. We suggest that this unusual atmospheric circulation may potentially lead to unusually high summer losses of the Arctic’s remaining store of old ice.
Mode‐adaptive multifunctional control of the distributed generation‐based AC microgrid for seamless grid synchronisation
Authors: Chishti Farheen , Singh Bhim 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study presents a mode adaptive multifunctional control strategy that avoids the collapse of the microgrid due to the subsequent failure of the generation units and faulty grid. Its control allows the distributed generation‐based AC microgrid consisting of a PV panel, wind generation unit and battery energy storage to operate seamlessly during utility connected and outage operating modes. On the occurrence/clearance of the faults, the isolation/reconnection of the microgrid to the utility is ensured via static transfer switches (STSs). The change of mode occurs between the current to voltage control or vice‐versa. To ensure high‐quality power in both the modes, bias compensated normalised least mean square (BC‐NLMS) algorithm is implemented to estimate the total active current component of loads and to improve the power quality of the grid indices. Extended second order generalised integrator‐based frequency locked loop (eSOGI‐FLL) control avoids frequency and phase oscillations and provides the effective frequency and phase synchronisation. In an islanded operating mode, the enhanced proportional resonant (PR) controller along with eSOGI‐FLL regulates the load voltages. The battery energy storage facilitates uninterruptable supply to the critical loads. The efficacy of the microgrid control is illustrated by the simulated as well as experimental results.
Hierarchical guided network for low‐light image enhancement
Authors: Feng Xiaomei , Li Jinjiang , Fan Hui 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDue to insufficient illumination in low‐light conditions, the brightness and contrast of the captured images are low, which affect the processing of other computer vision tasks. Low‐light enhancement is a challenging task that requires simultaneous processing of colour, brightness, contrast, artefacts and noise. To solve this problem, the authors apply the deep residual network to the low‐light enhancement task, and propose a hierarchical guided low‐light enhancement network. The key of this method is recombined hierarchical guided features through the feature aggregation module to realize low‐light enhancement. The network is based on the U‐Net network, and then hierarchically guided with the input pyramid branch in the encoding and decoding network. The input pyramid structure realizes multi‐level receptive fields and generates a hierarchical representation. The encoding and decoding structure concatenates the hierarchical features of the input pyramid and generates a set of hierarchical features. Finally, the feature aggregation module is used to fuse different features to achieve low‐light enhancement tasks. The effectiveness of the components is proved through ablation experiments. In addition, the authors are also evaluating on different data sets, and the experimental results show that the method proposed is superior to other methods in subjective and objective evaluation.
Nearly constant acceleration model for state estimation in the range‐Doppler plane
Authors: Li Keyi , Guo Zhengkun , Zhou Gongjian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe problem of motion modelling in the range‐Doppler (R‐D) plane as well as range and Doppler estimation for the Cartesian nearly constant acceleration motion, which is a common manoeuvering motion, is investigated. The temporal evolution equation is derived based on the state vector consisting of target range, Doppler and derivatives of the product of range and range rate versus time. In this way, the measurement equation of range and Doppler measurements can be maintained in a desirable linear‐Gaussian structure. Based on the non‐linear state equation and the linear measurement equation, the unscented Kalman filter is adopted to tackle the non‐linear filtering problem. The corresponding filter initialisation method is developed based on the two‐point differencing method. Explicit expressions of the initial state estimates and the initial covariance matrix are presented in analytic forms where the correlation among the state components is handled properly. The posterior Cramer–Rao lower bound (PCRLB) is provided for state estimation in the R‐D plane. Comprehensive comparisons of the proposed method against the existing R‐D state estimation methods using approximate models, Cartesian state estimator and PCRLB are carried out in simulations to demonstrate the validity and correctness of the proposed motion model and estimation method.
Fitting infrared ice spectra with genetic modelling algorithms
Authors: Rocha W. R. M. , Perotti G. , Kristensen L. E. , Jørgensen J. K. 
Published: August 2021

Context.A variety of laboratory ice spectra simulating different chemical environments, ice morphologies, and thermal and energetic processing are needed in order to provide an accurate interpretation of the infrared spectra of protostars. To decipher the combination of laboratory data that best fits the observations, an automated, statistics-based computational approach is necessary.Aims.We aim to introduce a new approach, based on evolutionary algorithms, to searching for molecules in ice mantles via spectral decomposition of infrared observational data with laboratory ice spectra.Methods.We introduce a publicly available and open-source fitting tool calledENIIGMA(dEcompositioN of Infrared Ice features using Genetic Modelling Algorithms). The tool has dedicated Python functions to carry out continuum determination of the protostellar spectra, silicate extraction, spectral decomposition, and statistical analysis to calculate confidence intervals and quantify degeneracy. We conducted fully blind and non-blind tests with known ice samples and constructed mixtures in order to asses the code. Additionally, we performed a complete analysis of the Elias 29 spectrum and compared our findings with previous results from the literature.Results.TheENIIGMAfitting tool can identify the correct ice samples and their fractions in all checks with known samples tested in this paper. In the cases where Gaussian noise was added to the experimental data, more robust genetic operators and more iterations became necessary. Concerning the Elias 29 spectrum, the broad spectral range between 2.5 and 20 μm was successfully decomposed after continuum determination and silicate extraction. This analysis allowed the identification of different molecules in the ice mantle, including a tentative detection of CH3CH2OH.Conclusions.TheENIIGMAis a toolbox for spectroscopy analysis of infrared spectra that is well-timed with the launch of theJames WebbSpace Telescope. Additionally, it allows different chemical environments and irradiation fields to be explored, allowing the user to correctly interpret astronomical observations.
Interventionelle radiologische Verfahren in der Onkologie – Update 2021
Authors: Henze Jörn , Maintz David 
Published: August 2021

Was ist neu?
Transarterielle Tumorembolisationen Transarterielle Tumorembolisationen wie die transarterielle Chemoembolisation (TACE) und die selektive interne Radiotherapie (SIRT) haben sich als Therapieoption bei primären und sekundären Lebertumoren etabliert und werden in onkologischen Zentren i. d. R. routinemäßig durchgeführt.
Transkutane Thermoablationen Transkutane Thermoablationen wie Radiofrequenzablation (RFA) und Mikrowellenablation (MWA) haben sich als i. d. R. kurative Therapieoptionen bei primären und sekundären Lebertumoren etabliert. Darüber hinaus werden die Verfahren zunehmend auch bei Nieren- und Lungentumoren eingesetzt.
Neue Verfahren Mit hochintensivem fokussiertem Ultraschall (HIFU) ist eine nichtinvasive Thermoablation möglich, bisher zugelassene Indikationen sind die Behandlung von Uterusmyomen, Prostatakarzinomen und Knochentumoren. Die irreversible Elektroporation (IRE) ist ein nichtthermisches Ablationsverfahren, das sich insbesondere in der Therapie von fortgeschrittenen, inoperablen Pankreaskarzinomen etabliert hat.
Update Spontanpneumothorax – primär konservativ oder sofortige chirurgische Therapie?
Authors: Hein Selina , Kappes Jutta 
Published: August 2021

Was ist neu?Stellenwert des thorakalen Ultraschalls in der Diagnostik des Pneumothorax In der Akutdiagnostik ist die thorakale Ultraschalluntersuchung in der Hand erfahrener Untersucher eine Alternative zur Röntgen-Thorax-Untersuchung, insbesondere bei Intensivpatienten, geworden. Bei unerfahrenen Untersuchern besteht jedoch die Gefahr von Fehlinterpretationen bei eingeschränkten objektivierbaren Befunddokumentationsmöglichkeiten.Primär konservative Therapie beim mittelgroßen bis großen Pneumothorax Eine konservative Therapie ist unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen der interventionellen Therapie nicht unterlegen, was die Resorption des Pneumothorax betrifft. Darüber hinaus ist ein konservatives Therapiekonzept mit einer kürzeren Krankenhausverweildauer und weniger Komplikationen assoziiert.Der internistische Blick auf ein chirurgisches Krankheitsbild Eine detaillierte Anamnese und eine ganzheitliche körperliche Untersuchung können Hinweise auf genetische Erkrankungen und Syndrome liefern. Die Diagnose einer genetischen Ursache erlaubt auf assoziierte Erkrankungen hin zu untersuchen und Familienmitglieder zu screenen. Darüber hinaus kann die Kenntnis der Ätiologie die Rezidivrisikoevaluation beeinflussen und eine primäroperative Therapie sinnvoll machen.
Neue Therapieoption für akute hepatische Porphyrien
Authors: Stölzel Ulrich , Schuppan Detlef 
Published: August 2021

Was ist neu?
Therapie mit Givosiran Givosiran ist ein kleines synthetisches doppelsträngiges siRNA-Fragment mit 20 Basenpaaren Länge. Eine prospektive, randomisierte multizentrische Studie (Envision) zeigte erstmalig die klinische Wirksamkeit von monatlich subkutan applizierten synthetischen RNA-Molekülen („small interfering“ RNA, siRNA) zur Prävention von Attacken bei akuten hepatischen Porphyrien (AHP) 2. Die Koppelung von siRNA-Molekülen an N-Acetyl-Galaktosamin (GalNAc) und die hierdurch leberspezifische Aufnahme durch den Asialoglykoprotein-Rezeptor auf Hepatozyten sind ein Meilenstein in der Hepatologie. Dies führt zu einer hochselektiven Inhibition der Translation der bei AHP überexprimierten hepatischen Aminolävulinsäure-Synthase (ALAS1). Givosiran wurde in den USA und in Europa zur Behandlung akuter hepatischer Porphyrien zugelassen.
Fazit Der Erfolg dieser innovativen Therapie eröffnet die Möglichkeit, prinzipiell jeden Prozess auf der Ebene der hepatozytären mRNA-Translation zu hemmen. Der therapeutische Effekt der stabilisierten siRNA hält über Wochen an. Die Behandlung mit Givosiran ist aktuell jedoch sehr kostenintensiv. Aufgrund von bislang unverstandenen Veränderungen der Nierenfunktion und Aminotransferasen ist im ersten halben Jahr zudem eine monatliche Überwachung nötig.
Risikoprofil rheumatologische Basistherapie – ein Update aus dem RABBIT-Register
Authors: Albrecht Katinka , Strangfeld Anja 
Published: August 2021

Was ist neu?
TNF-alpha-Inhibitoren Unter TNF-alpha-Inhibitoren (TNFi) zeigt sich kein Hinweis für ein insgesamt erhöhtes Malignomrisiko. Venöse Thromboembolien treten unter TNFi seltener auf als unter konventionellen synthetischen Disease-modifying antirheumatic Drugs (csDMARDs).
IL-6-Rezeptor-Inhibitoren Die Inzidenz von Perforationen des unteren Darmtrakts ist unter einer Behandlung mit Tocilizumab erhöht und präsentiert sich mit untypischer Symptomatik. Es gibt keinen Hinweis auf vermehrte Fazialisparesen unter Tocilizumab.
JAK-Inhibitoren Januskinase-Inhibitoren erhöhen das Risiko für das Auftreten eines Herpes zoster.
Biosimilars Originalprodukte und Biosimilars zeigen ein vergleichbares Sicherheits- und Wirksamkeitsprofil.