bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and validation of hub genes of synovial tissue for patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Ge Yanzhi , Chen Zuxiang , Fu Yanbin , Zhou Li , Xu Haipeng , Tong Peijian , Shan Letian 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were two major joint diseases with partially common phenotypes and genotypes. This study aimed to determine the mechanistic similarities and differences between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis by analyzing the differentially expressed genes and signaling pathways. Microarray data of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus. By integrating multiple gene data sets, specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in synovial membrane samples from patients and healthy donations. Then, the Gene ontology significant functions annotation, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways and protein-protein interaction network analysis were conducted. Moreover, CIBERSORT was used to further distinguish OA and RA in immune infiltration. Finally, animal experimentation was conducted and the establishment of model, which was verified using PCR in the mouse. As an overlapping process, we identified 1116 DEGs between OA and RA. It was indicated that specific gene signatures differed significantly between OA and RA connected with the distinct pathways. Of identified DEGs, 9 immune cell types among 22 were identified to distinguish from each other. The qRT-PCR result showed that the eight-tenths expression levels of the hub genes were significantly increased in OA samples (P < 0.05). This large-scale gene expression study provided new insights for disease-associated genes and molecular mechanisms as well as their associated function in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, which simultaneously offer a new direction for biomarker development and the distinguishment of gene-level mechanisms between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
R-spondin 3 deletion favors Erk phosphorylation to enhance Wnt signaling and bone formation
Authors: Nagano Kenichi , Yamana Kei , Saito Hiroaki , Kiviranta Riku , Pedroni Ana Clara , Raval Dhairya , Niehrs Christof , Gori Francesca , Baron Roland 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Activation of Wnt signaling leads to high bone density. The R-spondin family of four secreted glycoproteins (Rspo1-4) amplifies Wnt signaling. In humans, RSPO3 variants are strongly associated with bone density, but how RSPO3 affects skeletal homeostasis is not fully understood. Here we show that in mice Rspo3 haplo-insufficiency or its targeted deletion in osteoprogenitors lead to an increase in bone formation and bone mass. Contrary to expectations, Rspo3 haplo-insufficiency results in canonical Wnt signaling activation. Using mouse embryonic fibroblasts we show that Rspo3 deficiency leads to activation of Erk signaling, stabilizing β-catenin. Furthermore, Rspo3 haplo-insufficiency impairs Dkk1 efficacy in blocking canonical Wnt signaling and prevents the in vivo inhibition of bone formation and bone mass induced by osteoblast-targeted expression of Dkk1. We conclude that Rspo3 haplo-insufficiency/deficiency boosts canonical Wnt signaling by activating Erk signaling and impairing Dkk1’s inhibitory activity, which in turn lead to increased bone formation and bone mass.
Factors Associated With The Consumption Of Chlorine Dioxide To Prevent And Treat COVID-19 In The Peruvian Population
Authors: Soriano-Moreno David R. , Fernandez-Guzman Daniel , Ccami-Bernal Fabricio , Rojas-Miliano Cristhian , Nieto-Gutierrez Wendy 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Chlorine dioxide has been promoted as an alternative for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 especially in Peru, despite the lack of evidence to support its efficacy. We aimed to evaluate the factors associated with chlorine dioxide consumption in the Peruvian population. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study. An adult Peruvian population was evaluated where chlorine dioxide consumption was divided into two groups according to the purpose of use: as prevention (individuals without COVID-19 history) and as treatment (individuals with COVID-19 history). The associated factors in each group were evaluated using Poisson regressions with the bootstrapping resampling method. Results: Of 3610 participants included, 3213 reported no history of COVID-19, and 397 had been infected. The prevalence of chlorine dioxide consumption to prevent or treat COVID-19 was 8 and 16%, respectively. Factors associated with chlorine dioxide consumption for both prevention and treatment were considering COVID-19 dangerous and lethal and considering chlorine dioxide ineffective or being uninformed of its efficacy. In addition, factors associated with the use of chlorine dioxide only as a preventive were the male sex, being an adult and older adult, having a health sciences student within the family unit, using medical information as the main source of information of COVID-19, having some comorbidity, and using medications and plants for prevention of COVID-19. Conclusions: The prevalence of chlorine dioxide consumption among the Peruvian population evaluated was high so it is important to apply information strategies, prioritizing population groups with certain characteristics that are associated with a higher consumption pattern.
Stress Transfer Analyses In Cellulose Nanofiber/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites With X-Ray Diffraction And Investigation On Effects of Chemical Interaction Between Cellulose Nanofiber And Montmorillonite
Authors: Matsumoto Takuya , Mori Sunichi , Ohashi Takuya , Nishino Takashi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Cellulose nanofiber is one of the promising materials for its eco-friendliness as well as high mechanical performance and high functionalities. Nanocomposites with cellulose nanofiber matrixes and inorganic nanofillers also possess more excellent mechanical properties by the reinforcement effects of the nanofillers. The mechanical reinforcement effects depend in a large part on the interfacial interaction between the nanofillers and the cellulose matrixes and the dispersion of the nanofiller in the nanocomposites. The quantitative evaluation of the reinforcement effects is insufficient, which is desired for the material design of industrial use of the cellulose composites. In this study, we used nanocomposites of cellulose nanofibers and montmorillonite with various surface properties. Their mechanical properties were investigated through tensile tests and the stress transfer to the nanofillers in nanocomposites with various combinations of cellulose nanofibers and nanofillers was analyzed through the X-ray diffraction method. The strong correlation between Young’s modulus and stress transfer coefficients was revealed. In particular, the composites of TEMPO-oxide cellulose nanofiber and ion-exchanged montmorillonite possessed not only the highest Young’s modulus but also the largest stress transfer coefficients. The large mechanical reinforcement effect of the loaded montmorillonite filler was observed and was attributed to the electrostatic interaction of the interface between the cellulose matrix and the montmorillonite filler.
Synthesis of High Specific Surface Lithium ion Sieve Templated by Bacterial Cellulose for Selective Adsorption of Li+
Authors: Zheng Xudong , Li Ang , Wang Dandan , Xia Da , Zhang Yuzhe , Li Zhongyu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In recent years, the lithium market has ushered in a golden period of development. With the development of batteries, ceramics, glass, lubricants, refrigerants, the nuclear industry and the optoelectronics industry, the demand for lithium has grown rapidly, and continuous mining has led to scarcity of land resources. On the other hand, due to the rich lithium resources in sea water and salt lake brines. How to selectively adsorb and separate lithium ions from seawater and salt lake brine has attracted more and more scholars' attention and research. Lithium ion sieve stands out because of its excellent performance of specific adsorption and separation of lithium ions. This article reports the preparation of mesoporous TiO2 and LiOH hydrothermal reaction using bacterial cellulose as a biological template. After calcination at 600°C, spinel lithium titanium oxide Li2TiO3 is formed. H2TiO3 was obtained by eluting the precursor with HCl eluent. FT-IR, SEM and XRD were used to characterize Li2TiO3 and H2TiO3. The adsorption performance of H2TiO3 was studied through adsorption pH, adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherms, competitive adsorption and so on. The results show that H2TiO3 is a single layer chemical adsorption process, which has a good adsorption effect on lithium ions at pH 11.0, with the maximum adsorption capacity can reach 35.45 mg·g− 1. The lithium ion sieve has selective adsorption to Li+, and its distribution coefficient is 2242.548 mL g− 1. It may be predicted that the lithium-ion sieve prepared by biological template has a broad application prospect.
Single-cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Transcriptional Signatures and Cell-cell Crosstalk in Patients With Hypertensive Nephropathy
Authors: Tang Rong , Lin Wei , Shen Chanjuan , Meng Ting , Ooi Joshua D , Eggenhuizen Peter J , Jin Peng , Ding Xiang , Chen Jinbiao , Nie Wannian , Ao Xiang , Peng Weisheng , Zhou Qiaoling , Xiao Ping , Zhong Yong , Xiao Xiangcheng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundHypertensive nephropathy (HTN) is one of the leading causes of end-stage renal disease, yet the precise mechanisms and cell-specific gene expression changes are still unknown. This study used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to explore novel molecular mechanisms and gene targets for HTN for the first time. Methods: The gene expression profiles of renal biopsy samples obtained from HTN patients and healthy living donor controls were determined by scRNA-seq technology. Distinct cell clusters, differential gene expression, cell-cell interaction and potential signaling pathways involved in HTN were determined. Results18 distinct cell clusters were identified in kidney from HTN and control subjects. Endothelial cells overexpressed LRG1 , a pleiotropic factor linked to apoptosis and inflammation, providing a potential novel molecular target. HTN endothelium also overexpressed genes linked to cellular adhesion, extracellular matrix accumulation and inflammation. In HTN patients, mesangial cells highly expressed proliferation related signatures ( MGST1 , TMSB10, EPS8 and IER2 ) not detected in renal diseases before. The upregulated genes in tubules of HTN were mainly participating in inflammatory signatures including IFN-γ signature, IL-17 signaling and TLR signaling. Specific gene expression of kidney-resident CD8 + T cells exhibited a proinflammatory, chemotactic and cytotoxic phenotype. Furthermore, receptor-ligand interaction analysis indicated cell-cell crosstalk in kidney contributes to recruitment and infiltration of inflammatory cells into kidneys, and fibrotic process in hypertensive renal injury. ConclusionsIn summary, our data identifies a distinct cell-specific gene expression profile, pathogenic signaling pathways and potential cell-cell communications in the pathogenesis of HTN. These findings will provide a promising novel landscape for mechanisms and treatment of HTN.
Implementation Fidelity In A Multifaceted Program To Foster Rational Antibiotics Use In Primary Care: An Observational Study
Authors: Kühn Lukas , Kronsteiner Dorothea , Kaufmann-Kolle Petra , Andres Edith , Szecsenyi Joachim , Wensing Michel , Poss-Doering Regina 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe ARena study (Sustainable Reduction of Antimicrobial Resistance in German Ambulatory Care) is a three-arm, cluster randomized trial to evaluate a multifaceted implementation program in a German primary care setting. In the context of a prospective process evaluation conducted alongside ARena, this study aimed to document and explore fidelity of the implementation program.MethodsThis observational study is based on data generated in a three-wave survey of 312 participating physicians in the ARena program and attendance documentation. Measures concerned persistence of participation in the ARena program and adherence to intervention components (thematic quality circles, e-learning, basic expenditure reimbursements, additional bonus payments and a computerized decision support system). Participants’ views on five domains of the implementation were also measured. Binary logistic and linear regression analyses were used to explore which views on the implementation were associated with participants’ adherence to quality circles and use of additional bonus compensation. ResultsThe analysis of fidelity showed overall high persistence of participation in the intervention components across the three intervention arms (90,1%; 97,9%; 92,9%). 96.4% of planned quality circles were delivered to study participants and, across waves, 30.4% to 93% of practices participated; 56.1% of physicians attended the maximum of four quality circles. 84% of the practices (n=158) with a minimum of one index patient received a performance-based additional bonus payment at least once. In total, bonus compensation was triggered for 51.8% of affected patients. Participation rate for e-learning (a prerequisite for reimbursement of project-related expenditure) covered 90.8% of practices across all intervention arms, with the highest rate in arm II (96.5%). Uptake of expenditure reimbursement was heterogeneous across study arms, with a mean rate of 86.5% (89.1% in arm I, 96.4% in arm II and 74.1% in arm III). Participants’ views regarding participant responsiveness (OR = 2.298) 95% CI [1.598, 3.305] and Context (OR = 2.146) 95% CI [1.135, 4.055] affected additional bonus payment. Participants’ views on participant responsiveness (Beta = 0.718) 95% CI [0.479, 0.957], Context (Beta = 0.323) 95% CI [0.055, 0.590] and Culture of shared decision-making (Beta = -0.334) 95% CI [-0.614, -0.053] affected quality circle attendance.ConclusionThis study showed an overall high fidelity to the implementation program. Participants’ views on the implementation were associated with degree of intervention fidelity. Trial registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN58150046
Bactericidal And Antioxidant Effects of Domestic Essential Oils On Certain Pathogenic Bacteria.
Authors: Al-Sarraj Faisal MB. , Qumri Ahmad M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Essential oils (EOs) are volatile, liquid substances that come from natural sources such as plants. As secondary metabolites of most plant species, that are typically found in leaf chloroplasts or from the hydrolysis of certain glycosides, their primary function is to combat attacks from predators as well as attract pollinators. Due to their biological activity, EOs have gained popularity in industries such as food processing, cosmetics, and personal care products as well as the pharmaceutical industry. In this study, the antimicrobial nature and antioxidant activity of Saudi Arabian EOs were compared with the antimicrobial activity of known antibiotics.Methods: The In vitro evaluation of antibacterial activity and antioxidant capacity of EOs collected from Jeddah domestic market for gram-negative and gram-positive pathogenic bacteria was carried out using the disc diffusion method. Disc diffusion method was used for the assessment of bactericidal activity of local EOs. The antioxidant activity was determined using phosphomolybdenum method. Furthermore, RAPD-PCR was used to compare the effects of these EOs on DNA in both untreated and treated pathogenic bacterial strains.Results and Conclusion: Bacterial strains with varying antibiotic resistance potential have been successfully isolated. The inhibition zone measurement revealed that the EOs used had some antibacterial effects on the bacterial strains as well as some selectivity on the bacterial strains that they acted on.
Climate Change and Liveability of Cities: an Assessment of Possible Health Threats Associated With Increased Temperatures in Cities
Authors: Filho Walter Leal , Tuladhar Liza , Li Chunlan , Balogun Abdul-Lateef Babatunde , Kovaleva Marina , Abubakar Ismaila Rimi , Azadi Hossein , Donkor Felix Kwabena 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Climate change is associated with extreme weather events such as heat waves, droughts, floods, hurricanes, storms, and wildfires globally. Within cities, the impacts of climate change are quite conspicuous as the percentage of urban dwellers is expected to reach about 70% by 2050. As the planet warms up, temperatures in cities are likely to increase more than in rural areas. These dual challenges severely impact urban residents. This paper reports on a study on the impacts of climate change on the health and liveability of a set of 15 cities, in industrialised and developing countries from around the world. The assessment, based on the literature, examined the average temperature, maximum temperature and relative humidity of each city, and this data has been correlated with their liveability. It was complemented by a survey focused on residents of 109 cities from Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America, North America Oceania. The findings show that developing countries seem to be especially struggling to adapt to the threats caused by increasing temperatures. Moreover, cities in industrialised countries are not immune to climate change impacts. The paper also outlines some mitigation and adaptation measures, which can be implemented to improve the liveability in cities and the well-being of their populations, and to make them more sustainable.
Comprehensive Analysis of the Expression and Prognostic Significance of THBSs in Breast Cancer
Authors: Wang Jun , Zhan Xuebing , Luo Qian , Kuang Yunshu , Liang Xiao , Wang Junjie , Tao Xiangxiang , Sun Entao , Chen Bing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common tumors for women worldwide. Thrombospondins (THBSs) are reported to play important roles in various cellular processes and are involved in the occurrence and development of human cancers. However, the expression and prognostic value of THBSs family in breast cancer remain unclear.Methods: In this study, we examined the genes and protein expression levels of THBSs and their prognostic value by synthesizing several mainstream databases, including Oncomine, Human Protein Atlas (HPA), UALCAN, and KM Plotter. We also analyzed THBS interaction networks, genetic alterations, functional enrichment, and drug sensitivity with several publicly accessible databases, including GEPIA, GeneMANIA, STRING, cBioPortal, Metascape and NCI-60 database.Results: The results showed that the mRNA expression levels of THBS1, THBS2, THBS3, and THBS5 in breast cancer tissues were significantly higher than in normal tissues. The mRNA expression levels of THBS4 were different in different subtypes of breast cancer, and the protein expression levels of THBS1, THBS2, and THBS4 in breast cancer tissues were higher than in normal breast tissues. Survival analysis showed that breast cancer patients with high THBS1 gene expression showed worse overall survival (OS), relapse-free survival (RFS), and post-progression survival (PPS), and breast cancer patients with high THBS2 gene expression also showed worse RFS. Conversely, lower THBS3 levels predicted worse RFS, and lower THBS4 levels predicted worse OS, RFS, and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS). Conclusions: These results suggest that THBSs may be potential biomarkers for breast cancer.
Mode of arrival to the emergency department - a national, cross-sectional study in Sweden
Authors: HENRICSON Joakim , EKELUND Ulf , HARTMAN Jens , ZIEGLER Bruno , KURLAND Lisa , WILHELMS Daniel BJÖRK 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Swedish Emergency Departments (EDs) see 2.6 million visits annually. Sweden has a strong tradition of health care databases, but mode of arrival to the ED is not documented in any registry. The situation is similar in most of Europe.The aim of the study was to provide a national overview of the mode of arrival, medical acuity according to triage, chief complaints, and hospital admission rates for adult patients (≥18 years) visiting Swedish EDs during 24h.Methods: A national cross-sectional study including all patients at 43 of Sweden’s 72 EDs during 24 hours on April 25th, 2018. Mode of arrival, medical acuity at triage, admission and basic demographics were registered by dedicated assessors present at every ED for the duration of the study. Descriptive data are reported.Results: A total of 3875 adult patients (median age 59; range 18 to 107; 50% men) were included in the study. Complete data for mode of arrival was reported for 3693 patients (98%). The most common mode of arrival was self-referred walk-in (n=1310; 34%), followed by ambulance (n=920; 24%), referral from a general practitioner (n=497; 13%), and telephone triage referral by the national healthcare guide service “Healthcare Guide 1177” (n=409; 10%). In patients 18 to 64 years, self-referred walk-in was most common, whereas transport by ambulance dominated in patients >64 years.Of the 3365 patients that received an acuity level at triage, 4% were classified as Red (Immediate), 18% as Orange (very urgent), 47% as Yellow (Urgent), 26% as Green (Standard), and 5% as Blue (Non-Urgent).Patients presented with very diverse complaints but about a quarter had abdominal or chest pain. Overall, the admission rate was 27%. Arrival by ambulance was associated with the highest rate of admission (486 of 920; 53%), self-referred walk-in and telephone triage referrals were less often admitted. Conclusion: Self-referred walk-in was the overall most common mode of arrival followed by ambulance. Patients arriving by ambulance were often elderly, critically ill and were often admitted to in-patient care, whereas arrival by self-referred walk-in was more common in younger patients.
Cerebral Iron Concentration in Episodic Migraineurs
Authors: Pohl Heiko , Riederer Franz , Moisa Marius , Luechinger Roger , Sandor Peter S. , Gantenbein Andreas , Michels Lars 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective: To investigate cerebral iron concentrations in patients with episodic migraine and investigate correlations with clinical parameters, such as monthly migraine days or disease duration.Methods: We included episodic migraineurs and healthy controls from 18 to 80 years; headache diaries were kept during a four-week baseline period. All participants underwent MRI scans, including a multi-echo 3D gradient recalled echo sequence that allowed calculating quantitative susceptibility maps.We performed whole-brain analyses comparing the iron level of healthy controls and migraineurs and searched for regions in which migraineurs’ iron concentrations correlated with their migraine frequency or disease duration. The significance level was set at 0.001 (uncorrected), the extent threshold at ten voxels.Results: We included 15 patients and 18 controls. There were several brain regions such as the anterior cingulate cortex and the middle frontal gyrus, in which migraineurs stored more iron, but none in which controls had higher iron levels. Iron correlated positively with migraine frequency or disease duration in multiple brain regions. There was one region in which iron load correlated negatively with disease duration.Conclusions: Migraine predisposes to increased iron levels. Not every brain area with an altered iron concentration is active during migraine attacks, so perhaps the increased iron might not solely be due to migraine but to a common cause, such as a metabolic or information processing disorder.