bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different Surgical Strategies in the Prevention of Frey Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: De Virgilio Armando , Costantino Andrea , Russo Elena , Ferreli Fabio , Pellini Raul , Petruzzi Gerardo , Zocchi Jacopo , Spriano Giuseppe , Mercante Giuseppe 
Published: January 2021

Objective/HypothesisTo define the best surgical technique able to reduce Frey syndrome (FS) incidence after parotidectomy.Study DesignSystematic review and network meta‐analysis.MethodsAn arm‐based network analysis was conducted using a Bayesian hierarchical model. The primary and secondary outcomes were the incidence of subjective (clinical) and objective (positive starch‐iodine test result) FS, respectively.ResultsA total of 3830 patients with a median age of 50.35 years (n = 2323; IQR 44.25–54.18) were included for six interventions [temporoparietal fascia (TPFF), free fat graft (FFG), acellular dermal matrix (ADM), sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) flap, and superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) flap]. If compared to no treatment, the greatest reduction of subjective (clinical) FS incidence was measured for the TPFF (OR: 0.07, CI: 0.004–0.57), the ADM (OR: 0.09, CI: 0.02–0.35), and the FFG (OR: 0.11, CI: 0.03–0.42) techniques. However, a significant difference was measured also for the SCM flap (OR: 0.38, CI: 0.18–0.73) and for the SMAS flap (OR: 0.42, CI: 0.19–0.97). All treatments showed a significant reduction of the objective FS incidence if compared to no treatment (FFG, OR: 0.06, CI: 0.002–0.62; TPFF, OR: 0.07, CI: 0.01–0.33; ADM, OR: 0.11, CI: 0.03–0.44; SMAS, OR: 0.36, CI: 0.17–0.71; SCM, OR: 0.40, CI: 0.19–0.74).ConclusionsTPFF, ADM, and FFG seem to be the best treatment strategies to prevent FS after parotidectomy. Further randomized controlled trials comparing these techniques should be conducted to define specific indications. Laryngoscope, 131:1761–1768, 2021
Measuring pH in low ionic strength glacial meltwaters using ion selective field effect transistor (ISFET) technology
Authors: Bagshaw Elizabeth A. , Wadham Jemma L. , Tranter Martyn , Beaton Alexander D. , Hawkings Jon R. , Lamarche‐Gagnon Guillaume , Mowlem Matthew C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMeasuring pH in glacial meltwaters is challenging, because they are cold, remote, subject to freeze‐thaw cycles and have low ionic strength. Traditional methods often perform poorly there; glass electrodes have high drift and long response times, and spectrophotometric techniques are unpractical in cold, remote environments. Ion selective field effect transistor (ISFET) sensors are a promising alternative, proven in marine and industrial applications. We assess the suitability of two models of ISFET, the Honeywell Durafet and Campbell Scientific Sentron, for use in glacial melt through a series of lab and field experiments. The sensors have excellent tolerance of freeze‐thaw and minimal long‐term drift, with the Durafet experiencing less drift than the Sentron model. They have predictable response to temperature, although the Durafet housing causes some lag during rapid cycling, and the impact of stirring is an order of magnitude less than that of glass electrodes. At low ionic strength (< 1 mmol L−1), there is measurable error, but this is quantifiable, and less than glass electrodes. Field tests demonstrated low battery consumption, excellent longevity and resistance to extreme conditions, and revealed biogeochemical processes that were unlikely to be recorded by standard methods. Meltwater pH in two glacial catchments in Greenland remained > 7 with consistent diurnal cycles from the very first meltwater flows. We recommend that ISFET sensors are used to assess the pH of glacial meltwater, since their tolerance is significantly better than alternative methods: the Durafet is accurate to ± 0.2 pH when waters are > 1 mmol L−1 ionic strength, and ± 0.3 pH at < 1 mmol L−1.
A wideband low‐profile antenna using hybrid metasurface structure
Authors: Chen Dongxu , Yang Wanchen , Xue Quan , Che Wenquan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA novel wideband low‐profile antenna using a hybrid metasurface (MS) structure is presented. The proposed hybrid MS radiator consists of metal patches of different shapes or arrangements, and is fed by a microstrip line through a coupling slot etched on the ground plane. Several resonance modes can be excited for the hybrid MS radiator when a linearly polarized incident plane wave reaches, while one more resonance mode can be introduced by the coupling slot. As a result, wideband and stable radiation can be obtained. The results of the fabricated antenna prototype indicate a large bandwidth of 57.4% (5.23 ~ 9.44 GHz) and a stable gain with a 2‐dB gain bandwidth of 39.2% in a low profile of 0.09λ0. The performances are demonstrated by both simulated and experimental results.
Radiation dosimetry of a clinical prototype dedicated cone‐beam breast CT system with offset detector
Authors: Tseng Hsin Wu , Karellas Andrew , Vedantham Srinivasan 
Published: January 2021

PurposeA clinical‐prototype, dedicated, cone‐beam breast computed tomography (CBBCT) system with offset detector is undergoing clinical evaluation at our institution. This study is to estimate the normalized glandular dose coefficients () that provide air kerma‐to‐mean glandular dose conversion factors using Monte Carlo simulations.Materials and methodsThe clinical prototype CBBCT system uses 49 kV x‐ray spectrum with 1.39 mm 1st half‐value layer thickness. Monte Carlo simulations (GATE, version 8) were performed with semi‐ellipsoidal, homogeneous breasts of various fibroglandular weight fractions (, chest wall diameters ( cm), and chest wall to nipple length (), aligned with the axis of rotation (AOR) located at 65 cm from the focal spot to determine the . Three geometries were considered – ‐cm detector with no offset that served as reference and corresponds to a clinical CBBCT system, ‐cm detector with 5 cm offset, and a ‐cm detector with 10 cm offset.ResultsFor 5 cm lateral offset, the ranged mGy/mGy and reduction in with respect to reference geometry was observed only for 18 cm () and 20 cm () diameter breasts. For the 10 cm lateral offset, the ranged mGy/mGy and reduction in was observed for all breast diameters. The reduction in was , , , , and for 8, 10, 14, 18, and 20 cm diameter breasts, respectively. For a given breast diameter, the reduction in with offset‐detector geometries was not dependent on . Numerical fits of were generated for each geometry.ConclusionThe and the numerical fit, would be of benefit for current CBBCT systems using the reference geometry and for future generations using offset‐detector geometry. There exists a potential for radiation dose reduction with offset‐detector geometry, provided the same technique factors as the reference geometry are used, and the image quality is clinically acceptable.
Carbon nanotubes in carbon/epoxy multiscale textile preform composites: A review
Authors: Bilisik Kadir , Syduzzaman Md. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCarbon nanotube integrated textile structural composites are one of the demanded materials especially for space/aerospace and defense industries in the 21st century due to their better damage tolerance properties compared to the metal and ceramics. This review paper exclusively performed on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) added carbon fiber/epoxy multiscale composites, including recent innovative methods of integrating CNTs to carbon filaments using the direct method such as growing on fiber, chemical grafting, and nanostitching or indirect methods such as mixing with matrix and application via lay‐up and dip coating. In addition, various composite fabrication techniques, including vacuum bag molding, resin transfer molding, and resin film infusion molding techniques were discussed. Critical thermo‐mechanical and electrical properties considering numerous micromechanics based composite modeling and computational analysis were explained. The review concludes that CNTs added carbon fiber/epoxy multiscale composites possess considerable potential in the use of advanced nanocomposites applications.
A Computational Study on the Detonation Velocity of Mixtures of Solid Explosives with Non‐Explosive Liquids
Authors: Klapötke Thomas M. , Suceska Muhamed 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAccording to Urbanski's finding in a solid explosive with a density of less than the theoretical maximum density (TMD), the detonation velocity increases if the air contained in the explosive gets replaced by a non‐explosive liquid. In order to quantify this observation, the detonation velocities for RDX in combination with ten non‐explosive liquids were calculated using the EXPLO5 code (V6.05.04). It could be shown that pressing out the air of a high‐explosive powder and replacing the voids with a non‐explosive liquid such as ethylene glycol, water or glycerin helped to increase the final detonation velocity.
Laser‐assisted hatching on clinical and neonatal outcomes in patients undergoing single vitrified Blastocyst transfer: A propensity score–matched study
Authors: Endo Yuji , Mitsuhata Shingo , Hayashi Momoko , Fujii Yoshitaka , Motoyama Hiroaki 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurposeThis study determined the effect of laser‐assisted hatching on the clinical and neonatal outcomes of single vitrified blastocyst transfer.MethodsFrom June 2014 to March 2018, 289 matched pairs after propensity score matching were analyzed. During the blastocyst warming procedure, a small section of the zona pellucida area in the empty perivitelline space was sliced off using multiple laser beams. The clinical and neonatal outcomes of the laser‐treated group and non‐treatment control were analyzed.ResultsIn the laser‐assisted hatching group, significantly higher rates of clinical pregnancy (40.8% vs 29.4%, P < .01) and live delivery (34.3% vs 22.5%, P < .01) were observed compared to the control group. Other variables such as the average gestational weeks, the sex of the baby, birthweight, or congenital malformations were found to have no significant differences in neonatal outcomes. Moreover, all babies were singleton live births.ConclusionsSingle vitrified blastocyst transfer treated with laser‐assisted hatching increases the live birth rate and has no adverse effects on neonatal outcomes.
Sporopollenin Exine Microcapsules as Potential Intestinal Delivery System of Probiotics
Authors: Stamatopoulos Konstantinos , Kafourou Vasiliki , Batchelor Hannah K. , Konteles Spyros J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDespite several decades of research into encapsulation of bacteria, most of the proposed technologies are in the form of immobilized cultures. In this work, sporopollenin exine capsules (SECs) opened, using silica particles which act as pressing micro‐probes, and loaded withLactobacillus casei(L. casei) cells, are described for the first time. The proposed encapsulation provided ≈30× higher encapsulation yield (30.87%), compared to direct compression of SECs (0.99%). EncapsulatedL. caseicells show 1.21‐ and 2.25‐folds higher viability compared to free cells, in in vitro simulated fasted and fed media representing the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract, respectively. EncapsulatedL. caseican proliferate inside the SECs, generating enough pressure to cause the SECs to burst and release the viable and metabolically active cells. The noticeable difference with the application of the SECs as a means of encapsulation is that the SECs may act as a bioreactor and provide time for the encapsulated cells to multiply thousands of times before being released, following the SEC's burst. The unique advantages of SECs alongside the proposed encapsulation method, demonstrates the potential application of SECs as delivery system of probiotics to the distal part of the human GI tract.
Rapid and Selective Biomarker Detection with Conductometric Sensors
Authors: Perera Ganganath S. , Ahmed Taimur , Heiss Leah , Walia Sumeet , Bhaskaran Madhu , Sriram Sharath 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe biomarker detection in human body fluids is crucial as biomarkers are important in diagnosing diseases. Conventional invasive techniques for biomarker detection are associated with infection, tissue damage, and discomfort. Non‐invasive devices are an attractive alternative. Here, metal oxide (oxygen‐deficient zinc oxide, ZnO) based conductometric sensors with two‐terminal electrodes for rapid detection of biomarkers in real‐time, are presented. This platform can be engineered for non‐invasive, sensitive, and on‐demand selective detection of biomarkers based on surface functionalization. The three novelties in this biosensing technique include an on‑demand target selection device platform, short (<10 min) incubation times, and real‐time monitoring of the biomarker of interest by electrical (resistance change) measurements. Cardiac inflammatory biomarkers interleukin 6 (IL‐6) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) are used as the model antigens. The devices can detect 100× lower concentration of IL‐6 than healthy levels in human saliva and sweat and 1000× and ≈50× lower CRP concentrations than healthy levels in human saliva and sweat, respectively. The devices show high selectivity for IL‐6 and CRP antigens when tested with a mixture of biomarkers. This sensor platform can be extended to selective measurements for viruses or DNA screening, which enables a new category of compact and rapid point‐of‐care medical devices.
Deciphering NH3 Adsorption Kinetics in Ternary Ni–Cu–Fe Oxyhydroxide toward Efficient Ammonia Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Zhu Mingke , Yang Yi , Xi Shibo , Diao Caozheng , Yu Zhigen , Lee Wee Siang Vincent , Xue Junmin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDeveloping efficient catalysts for the ammonia oxidation reaction (AOR) is crucial for NH3 utilization as a large‐scale energy carrier. This work reports a promising Ni–Cu–Fe–OOH material for ammonia oxidation, and density functional theory is used to investigate the AOR mechanism. It is revealed that the oxygen‐atoms bonded with the metal‐atom on the surface of electrode play an important role in AOR. By codoping Cu and Fe, the electron distribution around the oxygen‐atom is affected, which helps to promote the occurrence of ammonia oxidation. The Ni–Cu–Fe–OOH material delivers one of the highest ammonia removal efficiency to date of ≈90% after 12 h. In addition, ≈55% of the initial ammonia is successfully degraded after 24 h in high ammonia concentration. Thus, this work reveals the mechanism of AOR that can provide new ideas to tailor more powerful and updated catalysts in the future.
Rapid 3D Bioprinting of Glioblastoma Model Mimicking Native Biophysical Heterogeneity
Authors: Tang Min , Tiwari Shashi Kant , Agrawal Kriti , Tan Matthew , Dang Jason , Tam Trevor , Tian Jing , Wan Xueyi , Schimelman Jacob , You Shangting , Xia Qinghui , Rana Tariq M. , Chen Shaochen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most lethal primary brain tumor characterized by high cellular and molecular heterogeneity, hypervascularization, and innate drug resistance. Cellular components and extracellular matrix (ECM) are the two primary sources of heterogeneity in GBM. Here, biomimetic tri‐regional GBM models with tumor regions, acellular ECM regions, and an endothelial region with regional stiffnesses patterned corresponding to the GBM stroma, pathological or normal brain parenchyma, and brain capillaries, are developed. Patient‐derived GBM cells, human endothelial cells, and hyaluronic acid derivatives are used to generate a species‐matched and biochemically relevant microenvironment. This in vitro study demonstrates that biophysical cues are involved in various tumor cell behaviors and angiogenic potentials and promote different molecular subtypes of GBM. The stiff models are enriched in the mesenchymal subtype, exhibit diffuse invasion of tumor cells, and induce protruding angiogenesis and higher drug resistance to temozolomide. Meanwhile, the soft models demonstrate enrichment in the classical subtype and support expansive cell growth. The three‐dimensional bioprinting technology utilized in this study enables rapid, flexible, and reproducible patient‐specific GBM modeling with biophysical heterogeneity that can be employed by future studies as a tunable system to interrogate GBM disease mechanisms and screen drug compounds.
In Situ Visualization of the Structural Evolution and Alignment of Lyotropic Liquid Crystals in Confined Flow
Authors: Rodriguez‐Palomo Adrian , Lutz‐Bueno Viviane , Cao Xiaobao , Kádár Roland , Andersson Martin , Liebi Marianne 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSelf‐assembled materials such as lyotropic liquid crystals offer a wide variety of structures and applications by tuning the composition. Understanding materials behavior under flow and the induced alignment is wanted in order to tailor structure related properties. A method to visualize the structure and anisotropy of ordered systems in situ under dynamic conditions is presented where flow‐induced nanostructural alignment in microfluidic channels is observed by scanning small angle X‐ray scattering in hexagonal and lamellar self‐assembled phases. In the hexagonal phase, the material in regions with high extensional flow exhibits orientation perpendicular to the flow and is oriented in the flow direction only in regions with a high enough shear rate. For the lamellar phase, a flow‐induced morphological transition occurs from aligned lamellae toward multilamellar vesicles. However, the vesicles do not withstand the mechanical forces and break in extended lamellae in regions with high shear rates. This evolution of nanostructure with different shear rates can be correlated with a shear thinning viscosity curve with different slopes. The results demonstrate new fundamental knowledge about the structuring of liquid crystals under flow. The methodology widens the quantitative investigation of complex structures and identifies important mechanisms of reorientation and structural changes.
Nanobiosensor Reports on CDK1 Kinase Activity in Tumor Xenografts in Mice
Authors: Tîlmaciu Carmen Mihaela , Dinesh Bhimareddy , Pellerano Morgan , Diot Sebastien , Guidetti Mélanie , Vollaire Julien , Bianco Alberto , Ménard‐Moyon Cécilia , Josserand Véronique , Morris May C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractProbing the dynamics and quantifying the activities of intracellular protein kinases that coordinate cell growth and division and constitute biomarkers and pharmacological targets in hyperproliferative and pathological disorders remain a challenging task. Here engineering and characterization of a nanobiosensor of the mitotic kinase CDK1, through multifunctionalization of carbon nanotubes with a CDK1‐specific fluorescent peptide reporter, are described. This original reporter of CDK1 activity combines the sensitivity of a fluorescent biosensor with the unique physico‐chemical and biological properties of nanotubes for multifunctionalization and efficient intracellular penetration. The functional versatility of this nanobiosensor enables implementation to quantify CDK1 activity in a sensitive and dose‐dependent fashion in complex biological environments in vitro, to monitor endogenous kinase in living cells and directly within tumor xenografts in mice by fluorescence imaging, thanks to a ratiometric quantification strategy accounting for response relative to concentration in space and in time.
A formal approach to rigorous development of critical systems
Authors: Singh Neeraj Kumar , Lawford Mark , Maibaum Thomas S. E. , Wassyng Alan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSafety critical systems, such as medical, automotive, and avionics systems, play an important role in our daily lives. Increasing demand for new technologies in these safety critical systems requires rapid adoption of commercial hardware and software. However, the adoption of new hardware and software increases life‐threatening vulnerabilities. To aid in the reduction of these vulnerabilities and system failures, this paper proposes a framework based on formal methods for developing safety‐critical systems from requirements analysis to code generation. This framework includes a development process for documenting system requirements using tabular expressions, automatic formal model generation from the documented requirements, verification and validation of the generated formal models using proof techniques and animations, interactive simulation for validating the required behavior of the developed models by enabling domain experts to observe the system states according to, and finally, code generation from the formal model into a desired language. A prototype toolchain is developed to automate this framework. An assessment of the proposed framework is undertaken through a case study: insulin infusion pump (IIP).
Überarbeitung des Betriebszeitintervallnachweises der Ril 805
Authors: Mensinger Martin , Rengstl Mathias , Heiderich Sabine , Reissmüller David , Siebert Dorina 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDer Betriebszeitintervallnachweis der Ril 805 auf Basis bruchmechanischer Konzepte dient der Ermittlung sicherer Betriebszeitintervalle für bestehende genietete Eisenbahnbrücken. Derzeit wird dieser überarbeitet und an den aktuellen Stand der Normung in den Eurocodes angepasst. Für eine praxistaugliche Anwendung werden Tonnagefaktoren bereitgestellt, welche sowohl die Einflüsse aus Rissmodell, Material und Belastung als auch die Ausnutzung im Spannungsnachweis berücksichtigen. In diesem Aufsatz werden die Grundlagen des bruchmechanischen Konzepts und das Vorgehen bei der Bestimmung des Tonnagefaktors erläutert. Dabei wird auch auf die zugrunde gelegten Materialparameter, Belastungs‐Zeitfolgen und Rissfortschrittsberechnungen eingegangen und der Einfluss div. Parameter untersucht. Nach der Vorstellung des resultierenden Nachweiskonzepts (zur Festlegung sicherer Betriebszeitintervalle) wird die Anwendung abschließend anhand eines Beispiels demonstriert.
Synthesis, structural and DFT investigation of Zn(nba)2(meim)2 for adsorptive removal of eosin yellow dye from aqueous solution
Authors: Oladipo Adetola C. , Tella Adedibu C. , Olayemi Victoria T. , Adimula Vincent O. , Dembaremba Tendai O. , Ogunlaja Adeniyi S. , Clayton Hadley S. , Clarkson Guy J. , Walton Richard I. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA novel Zn(II) mixed‐ligand complex, Zn(nba)2(meim)2 (1), synthesized from Zn(NO3)2.6H2O, nitrobenzoic acid (Hnba) and 1‐methylimidazole (meim) is reported. The complex was characterized by elemental analysis, FT‐IR, powder and single crystal X‐ray crystallography and TGA/DSC. 1 exhibits a tetrahedral geometry for Zn(II), which is coordinated to two carboxylate oxygen atoms from two nba anions and two imidazole nitrogen atoms from two meim molecules. Thermal analysis shows the stability of 1 up to 260 °C. The adsorption of eosin yellow (EY) dye on 1 was investigated. The adsorption capacity of 1 for EY amounted to 65.32 mg/g, fitting best into Langmuir isotherm and pseudo second order kinetic models. From DFT studies, it was determined that adsorption is predominantly due to electrostatic, hydrogen bonding and π‐π interactions.
Silver(I)‐mediated hetero base pairs of 6‐pyrazolylpurine and its deaza derivatives
Authors: Escher Daniela , Müller Jens 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA series of antiparallel‐stranded and parallel‐stranded DNA duplexes containing hetero base pairs of the artificial nucleobases 6‐(1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)‐9H‐purine (6PP), 1‐deaza‐6PP (1D6PP), 7‐deaza‐6PP (7D6PP), and 1,7‐dideaza‐6PP (1,7D6PP) were investigated with respect to their ability to form silver(I)‐mediated base pairs. A close examination of the duplex melting temperatures in the absence and in the presence of silver(I) ions shows a strong sequence‐dependence of the stability of the resulting silver(I)‐mediated base pairs. The most stable silver(I)‐mediated base pairs are formed when 1,7D6PP is located in a purine‐rich strand opposite either 6PP or 7D6PP. This indicates that the silver(I) ions are coordinated via the Watson‐Crick edge of the latter nucleobase, whereas they bind to the pyrazolyl moiety of the former. As a result, a [2+1] coordination environment is proposed for the silver(I) ions.