bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Return to Work in Survivors With Occupational Cancers
Authors: Lim Zhu Wei , Wang Chung-Ching , Wu Wei-Te , Chen Wei-Liang 
Published: September 2021

Objectives:
The aim of this study is to investigate the change in employment status in survivors with occupational cancers at the time of diagnosis until 2 years.

Methods:
In this study, we included 382 occupational cancer workers from Labor Insurance Database. After applying exclusion criteria, 86 workers in 2004 to 2015 were included. The mean age of cancer workers were 51.38 ± 9.1119 years old and the average salary of industry of NTD 31,492 ± 10,696.

Results:
Salary adjustment was the most change in the employment status in cancer survivors. Salary adjustment (37%), 28- to 45-year-old group (55%), male (30%), and Southern district (34%), had the most workers on day 730. Wholesale and Retail Trade had the most of percentage of cancer survivals remained on workplace.

Conclusions:
Change of employment status in cancer survivors are important to decrease the impact of economic burden on society.
A Review of Reported Adverse Events in MRI-Safe and MRI-Conditional Cochlear Implants
Authors: Bestourous Daniel E. , Davidson Lauren , Reilly Brian K. 
Published: September 2021

Objectives:
This study looks to examine how the development of diametric magnet cochlear implant devices (CIDs) has affected observed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-related adverse events and MRI safety measures.

Methods:
A search of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database was conducted using the product code “MCM” for “Cochlear implants.” Reports were included for analysis if they involved MRI in recipients of cochlear implantation. Included reports were stratified into two cohorts by year: 2010 to 2014 and 2015 to 2020, reflecting the FDA approval of diametric magnet cochlear implants in 2015. Extracted event variables included implant manufacturer, adherence to MRI protocol, patient injuries, and device malfunctions.

Results:
The product code search query yielded a total of 27,305 reports, from which 584 reports were included for analysis. From 2010 to 2014, there were 109 adverse events and 30 pre-MRI explantations. Implant displacement was the most common device malfunction (n = 69, 87.3%), and pain was the most common patient injury (n = 16, 53.3%). From 2015 to 2020, there were 566 adverse events and 62 pre-MRI explantations. The most common device malfunction was implant displacement (n = 365, 94.6%) and pain was the most common patient injury (n = 114, 63.3%). Only 64/114 (56.1%) reports after 2015 reported adherence to the recommended MRI protocol. No adverse events occurred in patients with synchrony diametric-magnet CIDs.

Conclusion:
Despite the advent of FDA-approved MRI-safe diametric magnet devices, implanted patients are still experiencing injury, explantation, and device malfunction, and providers are reporting poor compliance with MRI safety protocols.
Trends in Hearing Protection Use With Occupational Noise Exposure in the United States 1999 to 2016
Authors: Pan Dorothy W. , Choi Janet S. , Hokan Albert , Doherty Joni K. 
Published: September 2021

Objective:
Determine hearing protection use in relation to occupational noise exposure, tinnitus, and audiometry-measured hearing loss in the United States from 1999 to 2016.

Study Design:
Cross-sectional study utilizing US National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999 to 2016 with occupation, reported occupational noise exposure, hearing protection use, tinnitus, and audiometry-measured hearing loss data. Subgroup analysis divided data into two cohorts early 2000s and 2010s.

Setting:
Population-based study using NHANES database capturing representative sample of US population.

Participants:
Individuals with complete data 1999 to 2004 (n = 10,347) and 2011 to 2012 with 2015 to 2016 (n = 9,383).

Interventions:
Participants self-reported occupational noise exposure lasting more than 4 h/d for more than 3 months. Self-reported hearing protective device uses and tinnitus frequency. Audiometric hearing loss objectively measured.

Main Outcome Measures:
Hearing protection use. Secondary measures included self-reported bothersome tinnitus and audiometrically measured hearing loss.

Results:
Across occupations, reported occupational noise exposure was higher in 2010s [32%, 95% CI: 29.6–34.6%] than 2000s [12.5%, 95% CI: 11.2–13.9%], while hearing protection use remained low in 2000s [41.3%, 95% CI: 37.8–44.8%] and 2010s [32.8%, 95% CI: 29.8–35.8%]. Less hearing protection use was associated with absence of bothersome tinnitus. Factors associated with increased hearing protection use were younger age, male sex, college education or higher, and white race in a multivariate model.

Conclusions:
Reported occupational noise exposure appeared to increase from 2000s to 2010s yet hearing protection use remained stable at low use rate. As noise exposure is a major risk factor for hearing loss, significant education and reinforcement of appropriate hearing protection use for workplace noise exposures is necessary to preserve workers’ hearing.
Radiological and Audiological Prediction for Ossicular Fixation in Chronic Otitis Media and Tympanic Membrane Perforation
Authors: Motegi Masaomi , Yamamoto Yutaka , Akutsu Taisuke , Tada Takeshi , Kurihara Sho , Takahashi Masahiro , Sampei Sayaka , Morino Tsunetaro , Yamamoto Kazuhisa , Sakurai Yuika , Kojima Hiromi 
Published: September 2021

Objectives:
Recurrent middle-ear infection can lead to ossicular fixation, adversely affecting post-tympanoplasty hearing outcomes. Preoperative prediction of ossicular fixation remains challenging. We aimed to investigate potential predictors of ossicular fixation in patients with chronic otitis media.

Study Design:
Retrospective.

Setting:
Tertiary academic medical center.

Patients:
Patients with noncholesteatomatous chronic otitis media and tympanic membrane perforation, without ossicular discontinuities.

Interventions:
Diagnostic.

Main Outcome Measures:
The fixation of each ossicle was assessed during tympanoplasty. The impact of preoperative otoscopic findings, computed tomography (CT) features, and hearing levels on the prediction of ossicular fixation was evaluated using uni- and multivariable logistic regression analyses.

Results:
One hundred thirty-five patients were included. Soft-tissue density between the malleus head and the anterior wall (odds ratio, 3.789 [95% confidence interval, 1.177–12.196]; p = 0.0255) and poor development of mastoid cells (16.826 [2.015–134.520]; p = 0.0078) were independent predictors of malleus fixation. In addition, ≥50% tympanic membrane perforation (5.412 [1.908–15.353]; p = 0.0015), poor development of mastoid cells (3.386 [1.039–11.034]; p = 0.0431), and a ≥40-dB preoperative air-bone gap (ABG) at 500 Hz (4.970 [1.732–14.261]; p = 0.0029) were independent predictors of incus fixation. Soft-tissue density surrounding the stapes (18.833 [1.856–191.104]; p = 0.0119) and a ≥40-dB preoperative ABG at 500 Hz (13.452 [1.640–∞]; p = 0.0138) were correlated with stapes fixation.

Conclusions:
The accurate prediction of ossicular fixation in patients with chronic otitis media based on CT features and the ABG may facilitate decision-making regarding the need for ossiculoplasty, possibly avoiding unnecessary manipulation or overlooking of fixation.
The Role of Endoscopy in the Resection of Sporadic Vestibular Schwannomas: A Systematic Review of Surgical Outcomes
Authors: Raza-Knight Saba , Chiuta Sacha , Golash Aprajay , Gurusinghe Nihal , Roberts Gareth , Alalade Andrew F. 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Vestibular schwannomas (VS) are benign intracranial tumors originating from the vestibular division of the eighth cranial nerve. Treatment options include microsurgery, radiotherapy, and surveillance. Endoscopy is becoming more widely used as an adjunct in skull base surgery and may influence outcomes in surgically managed VS.

Methods:
A systematic review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Studies involving endoscope-assisted and fully endoscopic procedures for sporadic VS resection were identified. Facial nerve function, hearing preservation, extent of resection, and complications were analyzed.

Results:
Thirty-one studies were included (27 endoscope-assisted, four fully endoscopic). Subgroup analyses were performed to assess outcomes according to tumor size and surgical approach. Overall, endoscopic facial nerve preservation rates were comparable to microsurgical treatment. A subgroup analysis suggested that functional facial nerve preservation rates may be higher when endoscopic assistance is used for smaller (Koos I–II) tumors using the retrosigmoid or translabyrinthine approach. The gross total resection rate for small tumors was higher in retrosigmoid ES-assisted microsurgery (96.2%) compared to rates in the literature for the standard, open retrosigmoid approach. Hearing outcomes were more variable and were under-reported.

Conclusions:
Current data suggest that ES-assisted resection of sporadic VS is not inferior to microsurgical resection with respect to facial nerve outcomes and extent of resection. However, some ES series report poor hearing outcomes, which are under-reported in the literature. Further prospective studies are required to ascertain if endoscopic assistance can improve outcomes for VS resection, particularly for smaller (Koos I–II) tumors.
Short-term outcomes of different modalities of pyloromyotomy versus gastric electrical stimulation in the treatment of gastroparesis
Authors: Shiu Sz-Iuan , Shen Shih-Hsiung , Luo Hua-Nong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background:
The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare the short-term outcomes surrounding the efficacy and complication rate between different modalities of pyloromyotomy and gastric electrical stimulation (GES) in the treatment of gastroparesis.

Methods:
Comprehensive, computerized research was performed on PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. We additionally reviewed relevant articles, without any language limitations, published prior to April 15, 2020. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 software.

Results:
Three studies totaling 196 participants who had received 4 interventions, including single per-oral pyloromyotomy (POP), double POP, laparoscopic pyloromyotomy, and GES, were eligible for analysis. Compared to single POP, double POP achieved a better clinical response with a pooled relative risk (RR) of 1.27 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.60, P = .04), while laparoscopic pyloromyotomy and GES showed no difference with a pooled RR of 0.89 (95% CI, 0.74–1.08, P = .23) and 0.87 (95% CI, 0.73–1.04, P = .13), respectively. As for the recurrence and complication rates, only GES showed a borderline significance of recurrence in comparison to single POP (RR 2.17, 95% CI, 1.00–4.71, P = .05), while there were no differences in the remainder of the comparisons.

Conclusions:
We conducted a detailed comparison of 3 modalities of pyloromyotomy and GES in the treatment of gastroparesis, with the results suggesting that double POP demonstrated better clinical success with similar recurrence and complication rates. In addition, GES may result in more recurrence amongst these interventions.
Disparities in Audio-only Telemedicine Use Among Medicare Beneficiaries During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
Authors: Benjenk Ivy , Franzini Luisa , Roby Dylan , Chen Jie 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Under emergency coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic regulations, Medicare granted temporary payment parity with in-person visits for audio-only (telephone) telemedicine visits. This policy was designed to expand telemedicine to patients without camera-equipped devices and broadband internet. However, audio-only telemedicine use has been substantial.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to explore whether the rate of audio-only telemedicine during the pandemic is related to patient access to technology or provider behavior.

Design:
Cross-sectional analysis of the Summer and Fall 2020 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey coronavirus disease 2019 supplements, using multivariable logistic models and accounting for complex survey design.

Subjects:
A total of 3375 participants in the summer survey and 2633 participants in the fall 2020 were offered a telemedicine visit to replace a scheduled in-person visit by their usual care provider.

Measures:
We compared beneficiaries who were exclusively offered audio-only telemedicine to beneficiaries who were offered video telemedicine or both audio and video.

Results:
We found that among Medicare beneficiaries who were offered telemedicine to replace a scheduled in-person appointment, ~35% were exclusively offered audio-only. 65.8% of beneficiaries exclusively offered audio-only reported having a smartphone/tablet and home internet. After controlling for personal access to technology, Hispanic [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=2.09, P<0.001], dually eligible (AOR=1.63, P=0.002), nonprimary English speaking (AOR=1.64, P<0.001), and nonmetro beneficiaries (AOR=1.71, P=0.003) were more likely to be offered audio-only during July−November 2020.

Conclusions:
These findings suggest audio-only telemedicine use during the pandemic is only partially related to patient access to technology. Policymakers must work to both expand programs that provide smartphones and broadband internet to disparity communities and telemedicine infrastructure to providers.
Exploring Factors Associated With Depressive Symptoms Among Patients With Chronic Pain
Authors: Al Shukaili Mohamed , Al Alawi Mohammed , Al Huseini Salim , Al Shukaili Ahmed , Al Muharrami Maya , Al Abdali Marwa , Al Harthi Hiba , Al Saadi AlKhatib , Al Balushi Rasheeda , Al Kasbi Fatma , Al-Fahdi Amal , Panchatcharam Sathiya Murthi , Cucchi Angie , Al-Adawi Samir 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This cross-sectional study examined the factors associated with depression among people with chronic pain (PwCP) attending specialized pain clinics in Muscat, Oman. Two-hundred eighty-seven participants were recruited for the study, and univariate analyses were used to investigate the difference between individuals who scored above/below the cutoff points for depressive symptoms. A multiple regression analysis was used to detect the independent predictors. Twenty-six percent of participants scored above the cutoff point. Further analysis indicated that unstable family relationships pre-existing depressive symptoms (odds ratio [OR], 2.86; p = 0.044), a family history of depression (OR, 4.75; p = 0.019), severe pain (OR, 4.21; p < 0.006), having fibromyalgia (OR, 28.29; p = 0.005), and lumbago/truck (OR, 2.41; p = 0.039) were independent predictors of depressive symptoms. This study indicates that one in four patients with chronic pain also presents with depressive symptoms. However, the role of culture needs to be taken into consideration when interpreting these findings and when building on these data.
Facial Asymmetry in Unilateral Congenital Superior Oblique Muscle Palsy
Authors: Akbari Mohamad Reza , Khorrami-Nejad Masoud , Kangari Haleh , Akbarzadeh Baghban Alireza , Ranjbar Pazouki Mehdi 
Published: September 2021

SIGNIFICANCE
This study was conducted to evaluate facial asymmetry in unilateral congenital superior oblique muscle palsy (SOP). The results showed that all facial asymmetry parameters had a higher frequency in SOP patients compared with orthotropic individuals.

PURPOSE
This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of facial asymmetry in unilateral congenital SOP and compare with orthotropic individuals.

METHODS
This cross-sectional comparative case series was conducted in 58 patients with ocular torticollis caused by SOP (mean ± standard deviation age, 18 ± 12 years) and 58 orthotropic individuals (mean ± standard deviation age, 19 ± 13 years). The exact form of torticollis was determined by direct observation from yaw, roll, and pitch axes. Four photographs were taken from patients: (1) with torticollis to calculate the amount of head tilt; (2) with the head in the straight position to calculate the facial angle and relative facial size (RFS); and (3 and 4) with the head positioned downward (to compare the cheek size) and upward (to assess columella deviation and nostril asymmetry).

RESULTS
Twenty-nine patients (50%) had a head tilt, 23 (39.66%) had combined head tilt and a face turn, and 6 (10.44%) had a pure face turn. The mean ± standard deviation of head tilt, facial angle, and RFS was 10.11 ± 6.31°, 1.11 ± 1.67°, and 1.003 ± 0.126 in SOP patients, respectively, and the mean RFS and facial angle were significantly higher in SOP patients compared with orthotropic individuals (both P < .001). Facial hemihypoplasia, unilateral cheek compression, nostril asymmetry, and columella deviation were observed in 43 (74.1%), 31 (53.4%), 39 (67.2%), and 38 patients (65.5%), respectively, which were all significantly more common compared orthotropic individuals (P < .001). Facial asymmetry was seen in 52 patients (91.2%) and 17 orthotropic subjects (29.3%), respectively (P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS
All quantitative and qualitative facial asymmetry parameters had a higher frequency in SOP patients compared with orthotropic subjects.
Impact of Low Humidity on Damage-associated Molecular Patterns at the Ocular Surface during Dry Eye Disease
Authors: Alven Alyce , Lema Carolina , Redfern Rachel L. 
Published: September 2021

SIGNIFICANCE
Dry eye is one of the leading causes for individuals to seek eye care, whereas the pathogenesis is poorly understood. One mechanism in which dry eye inflammation may ensue is by the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) by damaged cells to stimulate the production of cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases. Examining DAMP levels on the ocular surface during dry eye disease (DED) will increase our understanding of their potential involvement in the pathogenesis of DED.

PURPOSE
This study aimed to quantitate DAMPs, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and heat shock proteins on the ocular surface of normal and dry eye subjects and to examine the impact of low-humidity environment (LHE) on DAMPs and inflammation in dry eye subjects.

METHODS
Basal tears (10 to 20 μL) and conjunctival impression cytology samples were analyzed for HMGB1, HSP-27, HSP-60, HSP-70, and HSP-90α by ELISA or Luminex assays in normal (n = 15) and DED (n = 15) subjects. In addition, a subset of DED subjects were exposed to LHE for 2 hours. The level of DAMPs in the tear film was evaluated by ELISA or Luminex assay. Interleukin 6, interleukin 8, or metalloproteinase (MMP) 9 mRNA were quantitated by real-time polymerase chain reaction from conjunctival impression cytology samples.

RESULTS
Compared with age-matched normal subjects, HMGB1 was significantly elevated in the tear film of DED subjects (P = .03), whereas there was no significant difference in heat shock proteins. Conjunctival impression cytology samples revealed no significant difference in intracellular DAMP levels between both groups. After exposure to an LHE, there was an increase in corneal staining (P = .005), HSP-60 levels in the tear film (P = .01), and MMP-9 mRNA in the conjunctiva (P = .001).

CONCLUSIONS
Dry eye subjects had higher levels of HMGB1 in their tear film. Exposure to an LHE worsened corneal staining, increased conjunctival MMP-9 mRNA expression, and increased tear film HSP-60 levels. Larger studies are needed to understand the involvement of DAMPs in stimulating dry eye inflammation.
Validity and Reliability of the Student Refractive Error and Eyeglasses Questionnaire—Revised Version in Myopic Children
Authors: Marupuru Srujitha , Dahlmann-Noor Annegret , Crescioni Mabel , Slack Marion , Barnard Simon , Amerat Imran , Loveday Adam , Chauhan Dharshana , Adler Paul , Walker Rosemary , Warholak Terri L. 
Published: September 2021

SIGNIFICANCE
Multiple vision-related quality of life (VRQol) instruments exist, but questionnaires designed specifically for myopic children that are appropriate for assessing the impact of refractive error are rare.

PURPOSE
This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Student Refractive Error and Eyeglasses Questionnaire – Revised (SREEQ-R) in school-aged children with myopia in the United Kingdom.

METHODS
Community optometrists in the United Kingdom invited children up to the age of 18 years presenting for an eye examination with current or previous reported use of eyeglasses for myopia to complete the SREEQ-R, which consists of 20 specific items divided into two sections each with three response categories. The “without glasses” section relates to perceptions of uncorrected vision/not wearing glasses, and the “with glasses” relates to corrected vision/wearing glasses. Rasch analysis was used to explore the psychometric performance (content, construct validity, and reliability) of the questionnaire items and scale using Winsteps software (Winsteps.com. Portland, OR).

RESULTS
A total of 125 eligible children with a mean ± standard deviation age of 12.7 ± 2.9 years completed the SREEQ-R. All items fit the Rasch model and were retained, and the scale was found to be unidimensional. All children and item infit and outfit mean square statistics fell within the recommended fit criteria. As per the Rasch analysis, the person reliability coefficients were 0.84 and 0.91, whereas item reliabilities were 0.99 and 0.80 for the without glasses and with glasses sections, respectively. The internal consistency for the SREEQ-R was good; Cronbach α values were 0.84 for without glasses and 0.91 for with glasses.

CONCLUSIONS
The SREEQ-R had satisfactory validity and reliability evidence. Construct validity of the scale was supported to measure the impact of uncorrected and corrected refractive error on vision-related quality of life in myopic school-aged children in the United Kingdom. The SREEQ-R could be used in future studies to evaluate vision-related quality of life in children with myopia.