bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital multimedia signal processing via AIoT and its application in smart home
Authors: Wang Peng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe popularity of the Internet of Things (IoT) makes a large number of vulnerable devices connected to the Internet, which brings a large number of digital multimedia signals. How to process these digital multimedia signals and ensure the security in IoT has become an important topic in the IoT applications and services. With the development of data analysis and artificial intelligence, the IoT devices present intelligent behaviors and become the new generation of information infrastructure. This paper proposed a framework to process the digital signals generated by IoT devices and ensure the IoT security. First, the original traffic data passes through the security gateway and the associated traffic data is collected by a damping window. Second, the collected traffic data is processed by a feature analysis module to construct a fingerprint library. Third, the fingerprint library is used to learn a machine learning model. Lastly, the learnt machine learning model is used to determine whether the IoT network exists abnormal behaviors. The proposed framework is evaluated on ISOT Botnet dataset.
Comparative study of hematological and radiological feature of severe/critically ill patients with COVID‐19, influenza A H7N9, and H1N1 pneumonia
Authors: Kong Jindan , Hao Yan , Wan Shan , Li Zheng , Zou Di , Zhang Leisi , Lu Yin , Wang Jun , Chen Xiaochen , Fu Jianhong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to explore clinical indexes for management of severe/critically ill patients with COVID‐19, influenza A H7N9, and H1N1 pneumonia by comparing hematological and radiological characteristics.MethodsSevere/critically ill patients with COVID‐19, H7N9, and H1N1 pneumonia were retrospectively enrolled. The demographic data, clinical manifestations, hematological parameters, and radiological characteristics were compared.ResultsIn this study, 16 cases of COVID‐19, 10 cases of H7N9, and 13 cases of H1N1 who met severe/critically ill criteria were included. Compared with COVID‐19, H7N9 and H1N1 groups had more chronic diseases (80% and 92.3% vs. 25%,p < 0.05), higher APACHE Ⅱ scores (16.00 ± 8.63 and 15.08 ± 6.24, vs. 5.50 ± 2.58,p < 0.05), higher mortality rates (40% and 46.2% vs. 0%,p < 0.05), significant lymphocytopenia (0.59 ± 0.31 × 109/L and 0.56 ± 0.35 × 109/L vs. 0.97 ± 0.33 × 109/L,p < 0.05), and elevated neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR; 14.67 ± 6.10 and 14.64 ± 10.36 vs. 6.29 ± 3.72,p < 0.05). Compared with the H7N9 group, ground‐glass opacity (GGO) on chest CT was common in the COVID‐19 group (p = 0.028), while pleural effusion was rare (p = 0.001).ConclusionsThe NLR can be used as a clinical parameter for the predication of risk stratification and outcome in COVID‐19 and influenza A pneumonia. Manifestations of pleural effusion or GGO in chest CT may be helpful for the identification of different viral pneumonia.
Association Between the Use of Sodium‐Glucose Cotransporter‐2 Inhibitors and Drug‐Induced Acute Kidney Injury: Analysis of 2 Databases
Authors: Satoru Mitsuboshi , Kaseda Ryohei , Narita Ichiei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe association between the use of sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT‐2) inhibitors and the occurrence of drug‐induced kidney injury has not been evaluated. This study assessed whether the use of SGLT‐2 inhibitors decreases the risk of drug‐induced acute kidney injury (AKI) using the US Food and Drug Administration's Adverse Event Reporting System and the Medical Data Vision database. The occurrence of AKI in SGLT‐2 inhibitor users and dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitor users was compared using both databases. In the US Food and Drug Administration's Adverse Event Reporting System analysis, disproportionality for AKI was observed between DPP‐4 inhibitor users and SGLT‐2 inhibitor users administered nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (reporting odds ratio, 0.65; 95%CI, 0.48‐0.88; P < .01) and thiazide diuretics (reporting odds ratio, 0.78; 95%CI, 0.67‐0.90; P < .01). In Medical Data Vision analysis, SGLT‐2 inhibitor users administered nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (odds ratio [OR], 0.46; 95%CI, 0.41‐0.53; P < .01), anti–herpes simplex virus drugs (OR, 0.20; 95%CI, 0.07‐0.53; P < .01), thiazide diuretics (OR, 0.50; 95%CI, 0.36–0.71, P < .01), and loop diuretics (OR, 0.71; 95%CI, 0.62‐0.83; P < .01) had a lower incidence of AKI compared with DPP‐4 inhibitor users receiving the same drugs. No differences were observed in the risk of AKI between SGLT‐2 and DPP‐4 inhibitor users administered vancomycin and cisplatin in both databases. The use of SGLT‐2 inhibitors might reduce the risk of drug‐induced AKI caused by some drugs.
Stromal cells of giant cell tumor of bone show primary cilia in giant cell tumor of bone
Authors: Castiella Tomás , Iruzubieta Pablo , Monleón Eva , Cardiel Mª José , Gómez‐Vallejo Jesús , Monzón Marta , Junquera Mª Concepción 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGiant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a locally aggressive primary bone neoplasm composed by tumoral stromal cells (SCs) and a reactive component that consists of monocytic/histiocytic cells that give rise by fusion to osteoclast‐like multinucleated cells. Recently, specific Histone 3.3 mutations have been demonstrated in SCs of GCTB. Many of the pathways related to bone proliferation and regulation depend on the primary cilium, a microtubule‐based organelle that protrudes outside the cell and acts as a sensorial antenna. In the present work, we aimed to study the presence and role of primary cilia in GCTB. Ultrastructural, immunohistochemical, and immunofluorescence studies were performed in order to demonstrate, for the first time, that the primary cilium is located in spindle‐shaped SCs of GCTB. Moreover, we showed Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway activation in these cells. Hence, primary cilia may play a relevant role in GCTB tumorogenesis through Hh signaling activation in SCs.Research Highlights
Transmission electron microscopy allows describing and differentiating cellular subpopulations in giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB).
The primary cilium is present in some tumoral stromal cells of GCTB.
Hedgehog signalling is activated in these cells.
Can sterilization methods influence surface properties of resin composites? A purpose for previewing bias in laboratory bacterial adhesion tests
Authors: de Sousa‐Lima Rodolfo Xavier , de Sousa Santos Kaiza , de Azevedo Silva Lucas José , de Freitas Chaves Letícia Virgínia , Alonso Roberta Caroline Brushi , Borges Boniek Castillo Dutra 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the influence of sterilization methods on conventional and bulk‐fill resin composites' (BFRCs) surface properties in an attempt to preview bias in laboratory bacterial adhesion tests. Two regular viscosity conventional resin composites [Filtek Z350 XT™ (Z350) and IPS Empress Direct™ (ED)] and two regular viscosity BFRCs [Filtek Bulk Fill™ (FILT) and Tetric N‐Ceram Bulk Fill IVA™ (TBF)] were used. The materials were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), surface roughness (SR), and wettability (W) after sterilization with hydrogen peroxide gas plasma (HPGP) and steam sterilization (SS). Nonsterilized samples served as a control group (n = 5). Statistical analysis was performed using two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post hoc test (p <  0.05). For SR, there were no statistically significant differences among the groups (p > .05). SS method decreased the contact angle for FILT and Z350 (p < .01). The SS promoted more exposition of filler particles, while the HPGP method did not alter the tested materials' morphology. Therefore, sterilization methods affected the resin composites tested selectively. HPGP seems to be the most recommended method to sterilize the tested resin composites before laboratory bacterial adhesion tests.
Histopathological damage and stress‐ and immune‐related genes' expression in the intestine of common carp, Cyprinus carpio exposed to copper and polyvinyl chloride microparticle
Authors: Hoseini Seyyed Morteza , Sinha Reshma , Fazel Abdolazim , Khosraviani Kaveh , Hosseinpour Delavar Fatemeh , Arghideh Mohammad , Sedaghat Mohsen , Paolucci Marina , Hoseinifar Seyed Hossein , Van Doan Hien 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe present study aimed at assessing the singular and combined effects of water copper and polyvinyl chloride microplastic (MPVC) on intestinal copper accumulation, histopathological damage, and stress‐/immune‐related genes' expression in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Four groups of fish were maintained in triplicate: control (kept in clean water), Cu (exposed to 0.25 mg/L of copper), MPVC (exposed to 0.5 mg/L of MPVC), and Cu‐MPVC (exposed to 0.25 mg/L of copper + 0.5 mg/L of MPVC). After 14‐day exposure, the fish of Cu and Cu‐MPVC treatments exhibited significantly higher intestinal copper contents, compared to the fish of control and MPVC treatments. In this regard, the Cu‐MPVC fish had significantly higher copper content than the Cu fish. Exposure to copper and/or MPVC significantly upregulated the intestinal heat shock protein 70 (hsp70), cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1 (cyp1a1), lysozyme (lys), defensin (def), mucin 2 (muc2), and mucin 5 (muc5) expression. The highest expression of hsp70, cyp1a1, lys, and def was related to Cu‐MPVC treatment; whereas, the highest expression of muc2 and muc5 was observed in Cu and MPVC treatments. Exposure to copper and/or MPVC induced intestinal damage, which Cu‐MPVC fish exhibited the highest severity. The present study revealed that exposure to copper and/or MPVC causes intestinal histopathological damage and upregulation in stress‐ and immune‐related genes' expression. The most serious effects were observed in Cu‐MPVC treatment that might be due to additive effects of copper and MPVC and/or higher copper accumulation in this treatment.
Characteristics and growth of the genetic HIV transmission network of Mexico City during 2020
Authors: Dávila‐Conn Vanessa , García‐Morales Claudia , Matías‐Florentino Margarita , López‐Ortiz Eduardo , Paz‐Juárez Héctor E. , Beristain‐Barreda Ángeles , Cárdenas‐Sandoval Miroslava , Tapia‐Trejo Daniela , López‐Sánchez Dulce M. , Becerril‐Rodríguez Manuel , García‐Esparza Pedro , Macías‐González Israel , Iracheta‐Hernández Patricia , Weaver Steven , Wertheim Joel O. , Reyes‐Terán Gustavo , González‐Rodríguez Andrea , Ávila‐Ríos Santiago 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionMolecular surveillance systems could provide public health benefits to focus strategies to improve the HIV care continuum. Here, we infer the HIV genetic network of Mexico City in 2020, and identify actively growing clusters that could represent relevant targets for intervention.MethodsAll new diagnoses, referrals from other institutions, as well as persons returning to care, enrolling at the largest HIV clinic in Mexico City were invited to participate in the study. The network was inferred from HIV pol sequences, using pairwise genetic distance methods, with a locally hosted, secure version of the HIV‐TRACE tool: Seguro HIV‐TRACE. Socio‐demographic, clinical and behavioural metadata were overlaid across the network to design focused prevention interventions.ResultsA total of 3168 HIV sequences from unique individuals were included. One thousand and one‐hundred and fifty (36%) sequences formed 1361 links within 386 transmission clusters in the network. Cluster size varied from 2 to 14 (63% were dyads). After adjustment for covariates, lower age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.37, p<0.001; >34 vs. <24 years), being a man who has sex with men (MSM) (aOR: 2.47, p = 0.004; MSM vs. cisgender women), having higher viral load (aOR: 1.28, p<0.001) and higher CD4+ T cell count (aOR: 1.80, p<0.001; ≥500 vs. <200 cells/mm3) remained associated with higher odds of clustering. Compared to MSM, cisgender women and heterosexual men had significantly lower education (none or any elementary: 59.1% and 54.2% vs. 16.6%, p<0.001) and socio‐economic status (low income: 36.4% and 29.0% vs. 18.6%, p = 0.03) than MSM. We identified 10 (2.6%) clusters with constant growth, for prioritized intervention, that included intersecting sexual risk groups, highly connected nodes and bridge nodes between possible sub‐clusters with high growth potential.ConclusionsHIV transmission in Mexico City is strongly driven by young MSM with higher education level and recent infection. Nevertheless, leveraging network inference, we identified actively growing clusters that could be prioritized for focused intervention with demographic and risk characteristics that do not necessarily reflect the ones observed in the overall clustering population. Further studies evaluating different models to predict growing clusters are warranted. Focused interventions will have to consider structural and risk disparities between the MSM and the heterosexual populations.
First wave of COVID‐19 in Venezuela: Epidemiological, clinical, and paraclinical characteristics of first cases
Authors: Forero‐Peña David A. , Carrión‐Nessi Fhabián S. , Mendoza‐Millán Daniela L. , Omaña‐Ávila Óscar D. , Mejía‐Bernard Mario D. , Camejo‐Ávila Natasha A. , Flora‐Noda David M. , Velásquez Viledy L. , Chacón‐Labrador Fabián R. , Doval‐Fernández Juan M. , Maricuto Andrea L. , Grillet María E. , Hernández‐Villena Juan V. , Vincenti‐González María F. , Paniz‐Mondolfi Alberto E. , Orejas José , Rodríguez Verónica I. , Contreras Mariana B. , Guevara Rafael N. , Carballo Martín , Caldera Jocays , Redondo María C. , Landaeta María E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has particularly affected countries with weakened health services in Latin America, where proper patient management could be a critical step to address the epidemic. In this study, we aimed to characterize and identify which epidemiological, clinical, and paraclinical risk factors defined COVID‐19 infection from the first confirmed cases through the first epidemic wave in Venezuela. A retrospective analysis of consecutive suspected cases of COVID‐19 admitted to a sentinel hospital was carried out, including 576 patient cases subsequently confirmed for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Of these, 162 (28.1%) patients met the definition criteria for severe/critical disease, and 414 (71.2%) were classified as mild/moderate disease. The mean age was 47 (SD 16) years, the majority of which were men (59.5%), and the most frequent comorbidity was arterial hypertension (23.3%). The most common symptoms included fever (88.7%), headache (65.6%), and dry cough (63.9%). Severe/critical disease affected mostly older males with low schooling (p < 0.001). Similarly, higher levels of glycemia, urea, aminotransferases, total bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were observed in severe/critical disease patients compared to those with mild/moderate disease. Overall mortality was 7.6% (44/576), with 41.7% (28/68) dying in hospital. We identified risk factors related to COVID‐19 infection, which could help healthcare providers take appropriate measures and prevent severe clinical outcomes. Our results suggest that the mortality registered by this disease in Venezuela during the first epidemic wave was underestimated. An increase in fatalities is expected to occur in the coming months unless measures that are more effective are implemented to mitigate the epidemic while the vaccination process is ongoing.
Comparison of Transcranial Sonography and [18F]‐Fluorodopa PET Imaging in GBA1 Mutation Carriers
Authors: Eisenberg Daniel P. , Lopez Grisel , Gregory Michael D. , Berman Karen F. , Sidransky Ellen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundMutations in GBA1 are a common genetic risk factor for parkinsonism; however, penetrance is incomplete, and biomarkers of future progression to parkinsonism are needed. Both nigral sonography and striatal [18F]‐FDOPA PET assay dopamine system health, but their utility and coherence in this context are unclear.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to evaluate the utility and coherence of these modalities in GBA1‐associated parkinsonism.MethodsA total of 34 patients with GBA1 mutations (7 with parkinsonism) underwent both transcranial studies for substantia nigra echogenicity and [18F]‐FDOPA PET to determine striatal tracer‐specific uptake (Ki).ResultsLarger nigral echogenic areas and reduced striatal Ki were exclusively observed in parkinsonian patients. Sonographic and PET measurements showed strong inverse correlations but only in individuals with clinical parkinsonism.ConclusionsClose correspondence between nigral echogenicity and striatal presynaptic dopamine synthesis capacity observed only in GBA1 carriers with parkinsonism provides validation that these two modalities may conjointly capture aspects of the biology underlying clinical parkinsonism but raises questions about their utility as predictive tools in at‐risk subjects. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Comparison of comorbidities among severe and non‐severe COVID‐19 patients in Asian versus non‐Asian populations: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Puri Anju , He Lin , Giri Mohan , Wu Chengfei , Zhao Qinghua 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the comorbidities among severe and non‐severe COVID‐19 patients in Asian versus non‐Asian populations.DesignSystemic review and Meta‐analysis.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Scopus and the web of science Database up to 24 March 2021. Odds ratios were calculated using a random‐effects model.ResultsWe identified 66 studies including 39 Asian and 27 non‐Asian studies. This study demonstrated that the proportion of hypertension was significantly higher in severe group than in non‐severe group for Asian (OR = 2.46) and non‐Asian (OR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.37–1.86, I2 = 84%; p < .00001) patients. Similarly, the proportion of diabetes, cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease was significantly higher in severe group than in non‐severe group for both Asian and non‐Asian studies. We found no statistically significant difference between the severe versus non‐severe group for cancer (OR = 1.26) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR = 1.32) among non‐Asian patients.
Extrusion/hot pressing processing and laminated layers of continuous carbon fiber/thermoplastic polyurethane knitted composites
Authors: Lin Mei‐Chen , Lin Jia‐Horng , Bao Limin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractExtrusion is employed to combine carbon fiber tows and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) blend. TPU‐cladded carbon fibers undergo knitting to form carbon fiber knitted composites. Microscopic observation proves that the compound carbon fibers are composed of a double‐layered structure with interfacial bonding and fiber axial alignment. In addition, the TPU coating can reduce friction during knitting, which provides the carbon fiber knitted composites with flexibility and resilience. Regarding the mechanical properties, the tensile strength is in direct proportion to the number of lamination layers. In particular, six‐layered knitted composites exhibit an optimal tensile strength of 43.72 MPa, whereas four‐layered knitted composites exhibit optimal tensile elongation. Through the manufacturing and evaluations in this study, continuous carbon fibers can be fabricated via extrusion, thereby obtaining a knitted structure that can be laminated to strengthen the mechanical properties and electromagnetic interference shielding efficacy of the laminated composites. Large composites can also be achieved, which overcomes the limits of continuous carbon fibers in subsequent production. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Discovery of glyantrypine‐family alkaloids as novel antiviral and antiphytopathogenic‐fungus agents
Authors: Hao Ya‐nan , Yu Mo , Wang Kai‐hua , Zhu Bin‐bing , Wang Zi‐wen , Liu Yu‐xiu , Ma De‐jun , Wang Qing‐min 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDPlant diseases caused by viruses and fungi have caused great losses to crop quality and yield. The discovery of novel and efficient antiviral and antiphytopathogenic‐fungus agents is urgently needed. It is the most important pesticide innovation strategy to find active compounds from natural products. Here, glyantrypine‐family alkaloids were taken as the parent structures and a series of their derivatives were designed through molecular splicing, ring expansion, and ring contraction strategies, and synthesized. The anti‐tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) activities and antifungal activities of these alkaloids were systematically investigated for the first time.RESULTThe antiviral activities of compounds 7bb, 7bc, 11c, 18b, 18d, 28d, and 28e are equivalent to or better than that of ribavirin (inhibitory rates 39%, 37%, and 40% at 500 μg mL−1 for inactivation, curative, and protection activity in vivo, respectively). Compounds 18d and 28d with good antiviral activities were selected for antiviral mode of action studies, which indicated that these alkaloids could achieve good antiviral effects by inhibiting TMV particle extension during assembly. These compounds also exhibited broad‐spectrum fungicidal activities.CONCLUSIONGlyantrypine‐family alkaloids and their derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for anti‐TMV and fungicidal activities for the first time. Compounds 18d and 28d with excellent antiviral activities and compound 7bc with remarkable fungicidal activity emerged as novel lead compounds. This study lays a foundation for the application of glyantrypine alkaloids in plant protection.
Density functional theory study of the electronic properties and quantum capacitance of pure and doped Zr2CO2 as electrode of supercapacitors
Authors: Xu Shuo , Wang Shi‐Jie , Sun Wan‐Qi , Li Xiao‐Hong , Cui Hong‐Ling 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDefect and doping are effective methods to modulate the physical and chemical properties of materials. In this report, the structural stability, electronic properties, and quantum capacitance (Cdiff) of Zr2CO2 MXene are investigated by the introduction of Si, Ge, Sn, N, B, S, and F atoms. The doping of F, N, and S atoms makes the system undergo the semiconductor‐to‐conductor transition, while the doping of Si, Ge, and Sn atoms maintains the semiconductor characteristics. The B‐doped system can be used as cathode materials, while the systems doped by S, F, N, Sn atoms are promising anode materials of asymmetric supercapacitors, especially for the S‐doped system. The effect of temperature on Cdiff is further explored. The result indicates that the maximum Cdiff of the studied systems gradually decreases with the increasing temperature. Our investigation can provide useful theoretical basis for designing and developing the ideal electrode materials for supercapacitors.