bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-contact optical measurement of material surfaces with a laser based sensor
Authors: Satapathy Priyanka , Nath Ganeswar , Mishra Punyatoya 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The precise measurement of surface roughness is an important ability in surface engineering applications. Non-destructive techniques like laser speckle characterization is one of the key analysis for the surface of the material. The speckles coming from different atomic and subatomic regions are recorded for different surfaces like rough, smooth and non smooth surfaces, using a laboratory designed laser sensor. The sensitivity of speckle signals measured at different distances from the surfaces are recorded. The strength of the signal and its variation with distances of the source from the surfaces provides significant information about surface conditions embedded in the present work. Furthermore, the speckle contrast changes significantly with the change of the beam strength of incidence laser signal with distance which provides clear illuminance of the texture of the material.
Measurement of 59Co(n, x) reaction cross sections with the fast neutrons based on the 9Be(p, n) reaction *
Authors: Zaman Muhammad , Nadeem Muhammad , Sahid Muhammad , Kim Kwangsoo , Kim Guinyun , Thi Hien Nguyen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The cross sections of the 59Co(n, x) reaction in the average energy range of 15.2-37.2 MeV were measured using activation and an off-line γ-ray spectrometric technique. The neutrons were generated from the 9Be(p, n) reaction with proton beam energies of 25-45 MeV at the MC-50 Cyclotron facility of the Korean Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS). Theoretical calculations of neutron–induced reactions on 59Co were performed using the nuclear model code TALYS-1.9. The results for the 59Co(n, x) reactions were compared with the theoretical values obtained using TALYS-1.9 and the literature data provided in EXFOR and the TENDL 2019 nuclear data library. The theoretical values obtained using TALYS-1.9 with adjusted parameters are comparable to the experimental data. The measured reaction cross sections of a few radionuclides are new, and the others are comparable to the literature data, and thus, they can strengthen the database. The present study on cross sections leads to useful insight into the mechanisms of 59Co(n, x) reactions.
Relativistic Borromean states *
Authors: Wang Ziyue , Jiang Shao-Jian , Jiang Yin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this work, the existence of Borromean states is discussed for bosonic and fermionic cases in both the relativistic and non-relativistic limits from the 3-momentum shell renormalization. With the linear bosonic model, we check the existence of Efimov-like states in the bosonic system. In both limits a geometric series of singularities is found in the 3-boson interaction vertex, while the energy ratio is reduced by around 70% in the relativistic limit because of the anti-particle contribution. Motivated by the quark-diquark model in heavy baryon studies, we have carefully examined the p-wave quark-diquark interaction and found an isolated Borromean pole at finite energy scale. This may indicate a special baryonic state of light quarks in high energy quark matter. In other cases, trivial results are obtained as expected. In the relativistic limit, for both bosonic and fermionic cases, potential Borromean states are independent of the mass, which means the results would also be valid even in the zero-mass limit.
Entropic force between two horizons of dilaton black holes with a power-Maxwell field *
Authors: Zhao Hui-Hua , Zhang Li-Chun , Gao Ying , Liu Fang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we consider

-dimensional topological dilaton de Sitter black holes with a power-Maxwell field as thermodynamic systems. The thermodynamic quantities corresponding to the black hole horizon and the cosmological horizon are interrelated. Therefore, the total entropy of the space-time should be the sum of the entropies of the black hole horizon and the cosmological horizon plus a correction term which is produced by the association of the two horizons. We analyze the entropic force produced by the correction term at given temperatures, which is affected by the parameters and dimensions of the space-time. It is shown that the change of entropic force with the position ratio of the two horizons in some regions is similar to that of the variation of the Lennard-Jones force with the position of particles. If the effect of entropic force is similar to that of the Lennard-Jones force, and other forces are absent, the motion of the cosmological horizon relative to the black hole horizon should have an oscillating process. The entropic force between the two horizons is probably one of the participants in driving the evolution of the universe.
MSSM at future Higgs factories *
Authors: Li Honglei , Song Huayang , Su Shufang , Su Wei , Yang Jin Min 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this work, we study the implications of Higgs precision measurements at future Higgs factories for the MSSM parameter space, focusing on the dominant stop sector contributions. We perform a multi-variable fit to both the signal strength for various Higgs decay channels at Higgs factories and the Higgs mass. The χ
2 fit results show sensitivity to mA
, tan β, stop mass parameter m
SUSY , and the stop left-right mixing parameter Xt. We also study the impact of the Higgs mass prediction on the MSSM and compare the sensitivities of different Higgs factories.
Radiative hydrodynamic simulations of the spectral characteristics of solar white-light flares
Authors: Yang Yu-Tong , Hong Jie , Li Ying , Ding Ming-De , Li Hui 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
As one of the most violent activities in the solar atmosphere, white-light flares (WLFs) are generally known for their enhanced white-light (or continuum) emission, which primarily originates in the solar lower atmosphere. However, we know little about how white-light emission is produced. In this study, we aim to investigate the response of the continua at 3600 Å and 4250 Å and also the Hα and Lyα lines during WLFs modeled using radiative hydrodynamic simulations. We take non-thermal electron beams as the energy source for the WLFs in two different initial atmospheres and vary their parameters. Our results show that the model with non-thermal electron beam heating clearly shows enhancements in the continua at 3600 Å and 4250 Å as well as in the Hα and Lyα lines. A larger electron beam flux, a smaller spectral index, or an initial penumbral atmosphere leads to a stronger emission increase at 3600 Å, 4250 Å and in the Hα line. The Lyα line, however, is more obviously enhanced in a quiet-Sun initial atmosphere with a larger electron beam spectral index. It is also notable that the continua at 3600 Å and 4250 Å and the Hα line exhibit a dimming at the start of heating and reach their peak emissions after the peak time of the heating function, while the Lyα line does not show such behaviors. These results can serve as a reference for the analysis of future WLF observations.
Research on the principle of space high-precision temperature control system of liquid crystals based Stokes polarimeter
Authors: Zhang Xin-Wei , Zhang Yang , Lin Jia-Ben , Hou Jun-Feng , Deng Yuan-Yong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The magnetic field is one of the most important parameters in solar physics, and a polarimeter is the key device to measure the solar magnetic field. Liquid crystals based Stokes polarimeter is a novel technology, and will be applied for magnetic field measurement in the first space-based solar observatory satellite developed by China, Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory. However, the liquid crystals based Stokes polarimeter in space is not a mature technology. Therefore, it is of great scientific significance to study the control method and characteristics of the device. The retardation produced by a liquid crystal variable retarder is sensitive to the temperature, and the retardation changes 0.09° per 0.1° C. The error in polarization measurement caused by this change is 0.016, which affects the accuracy of magnetic field measurement. In order to ensure the stability of its performance, this paper proposes a high-precision temperature control system for liquid crystals based Stokes polarimeter in space. In order to optimize the structure design and temperature control system, the temperature field of liquid crystals based Stokes polarimeter is analyzed by the finite element method, and the influence of light on the temperature field of the liquid crystal variable retarder is analyzed theoretically. By analyzing the principle of high-precision temperature measurement in space, a high-precision temperature measurement circuit based on integrated operational amplifier, programmable amplifier and 12 bit A/D is designed, and a high-precision space temperature control system is developed by applying the integral separation PI temperature control algorithm and PWM driving heating films. The experimental results show that the effect of temperature control is accurate and stable, whenever the liquid crystals based Stokes polarimeter is either in the air or vacuum. The temperature stability is within ±0.015° C, which demonstrates greatly improved stability for the liquid crystals based Stokes polarimeter.
Computation of the atmosphere-less light intensity curve during a total solar eclipse by using Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter topography data and the DE430 astronomical ephemeris
Authors: Wang Yun-Bo , Yan Jian-Guo , Ye Mao , Yang Yong-Zhang , Li Fei , Barriot Jean-Pierre 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Observations of the sky irradiation intensity in the visible wavelengths during a solar eclipse permit to model the Sun diameter, a key number to constrain the internal structure of our star. In this paper, we present an algorithm that takes advantage of the precise Moon topography from Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter to compute, with a high resolution in time, the geometrical part (i.e. top-of-atmosphere, and for a given wavelength) of the sky irradiation at any given location on the Earth during these events. The algorithm is also able to model the Baily’s beads. We give as an application the theoretical computation of the light curve corresponding to the solar eclipse observed at Lakeland (Queensland, North Australia) on 2012 November 13. The application to real data, with the introduction of atmospheric and instrumental passbands, will be considered in a forthcoming paper.
Solar cycle prediction using a long short-term memory deep learning model
Authors: Wang Qi-Jie , Li Jia-Chen , Guo Liang-Qi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a long short-term memory (LSTM) deep learning model to deal with the smoothed monthly sunspot number (SSN), aiming to address the problem whereby the prediction results of the existing sunspot prediction methods are not uniform and have large deviations. Our method optimizes the number of hidden nodes and batch sizes of the LSTM network structures to 19 and 20, respectively. The best length of time series and the value of the timesteps were then determined for the network training, and one-step and multi-step predictions for Cycle 22 to Cycle 24 were made using the well-established network. The results showed that the maximum root-mean-square error (RMSE) of the one-step prediction model was 6.12 and the minimum was only 2.45. The maximum amplitude prediction error of the multi-step prediction was 17.2% and the minimum was only 3.0%. Finally, the next solar cycle (Cycle 25) peak amplitude was predicted to occur around 2023, with a peak value of about 114.3. The accuracy of this prediction method is better than that of the other commonly used methods, and the method has high applicability.
A simulation experiment on the GM estimation for Comet 133P/Elst-Pizarro
Authors: Gao Wu-Tong , Yan Jian-Guo , Jin Wei-Tong , Yang Xuan , Yang Chen , Ye Mao , Li Fei , Barriot Jean-Pierre 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In China’s asteroid mission to be launched around 2025, (7968) 133P/Elst-Pizarro (hereafter 133P) will be the second target, after a visit to asteroid (469219) Kamo’oalewa. This paper describes a simulation of precise orbit determination for the spacecraft around comet 133P, as well as estimation of its gravitational parameter (GM) value and the solar radiation pressure coefficient Cr
for the spacecraft. Different cometocentric distances of 200, 150 and 100 km orbits are considered, as well as two tracking modes: exclusive two-way range-rate mode (Earth station to spacecraft) and combinations of two-way range-rate and local spacecraft onboard ranging to the comet. Compared to exclusive two-way range-rate, the introduction of local ranging observables improves the final GM uncertainties by up to one order of magnitude. An ephemeris error in the orbit of 133P is also considered, and we show that, to obtain a reliable estimate of the GM for 133P, this error cannot exceed a one km range.
Satellite RFI mitigation on FAST
Authors: Wang Yu , Zhang Hai-Yan , Hu Hao , Huang Shi-Jie , Zhu Wei-Wei , Zhi Guo-Ping , Zhang Tao , Fan Zhan-Chun , Yang Li 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
As the most sensitive single-dish radio telescope, the Five-hundred Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) is very susceptive to radio frequency interference (RFI) from active radio services. Moreover, due to the rapid development of space applications and research, satellite interference has become one of the main RFI sources for FAST, particularly at the L band. Therefore, we have developed several measures to mitigate satellite RFI. On the one hand, an antenna with 4.5-meter diameter has been constructed and installed at the FAST site to detect the satellite interference in the frequency band between 1 to 5 GHz. Meanwhile, we have developed a satellite RFI database based on the FAST sky coverage, the observing frequency bands, and known satellite systems. By combining the satellite RFI monitoring antenna and the database, we have established a satellite RFI mitigation system. With this system, we can not only track satellites to collect their characteristics and update the database but also help the observer to program the observing plan by predicting satellite interference. During the practical observation of FAST at the L band, the feasibility of this system to mitigate satellite RFI has been proved. In particular, the system effectively avoids strong satellite interference from entering the main beam of the telescope and causing receiver saturation.
The composite X-ray spectra of radio-loud and radio-quiet SDSS quasars
Authors: Zhou Min-Hua , Gu Min-Feng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We present a study of the X-ray emission for a sample of radio-detected quasars constructed from the cross-matches between SDSS, FIRST catalogs and XMM-Newton archives. A sample of radio-quiet SDSS quasars without FIRST radio detection is also assembled for comparison. We construct the optical and X-ray composite spectra normalized at rest frame 4215 Å (or 2200 Å) for both radio-loud quasars (RLQs) and radio-quiet quasars (RQQs) at z ≤ 3.2, with matched X-ray completeness of 19%, redshift and optical luminosity. While the optical composite spectrum of RLQs is similar to that of RQQs, we find that RLQs have a higher X-ray composite spectrum than RQQs, consistent with previous studies in the literature. By dividing the radio-detected quasars into radio loudness bins, we find the X-ray composite spectra are generally higher with increasing radio loudness. Moreover, a significant correlation is found between the optical-to-X-ray spectral index and radio loudness, and there is a unified multi-correlation between the radio and X-ray luminosities and radio loudness in radio-detected quasars. These results could be possibly explained with the corona-jet model, in which the corona and jet are directly related.
The influence of the Insight-HXMT/LE time response on timing analysis
Authors: Zhou Deng-Ke , Zheng Shi-Jie , Song Li-Ming , Chen Yong , Li Cheng-Kui , Li Xiao-Bo , Chen Tian-Xiang , Cui Wei-Wei , Chen Wei , Han Da-Wei , Hu Wei , Huo Jia , Ma Rui-Can , Li Mao-Shun , Li Tian-Ming , Li Wei , Liu He-Xin , Lu Bo , Lu Fang-Jun , Qu Jin-Lu , Tuo You-Li , Wang Juan , Wang Yu-Sa , Wu Bai-Yang , Xiao Guang-Cheng , Xu Yu-Peng , Yang Yan-Ji , Zhang Shu , Zhang Zi-Liang , Zhao Xiao-Fan , Zhu Yu-Xuan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The LE is the low energy telescope that is carried on Insight-HXMT. It uses swept charge devices (SCDs) to detect soft X-ray photons. LE’s time response is caused by the structure of the SCDs. With theoretical analysis and Monte Carlo simulations we discuss the influence of LE time response (LTR) on the timing analysis from three aspects: the power spectral density, the pulse profile and the time lag. After the LTR, the value of power spectral density monotonously decreases with the increasing frequency. The power spectral density of a sinusoidal signal reduces by a half at frequency 536 Hz. The corresponding frequency for quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) signals is 458 Hz. The root mean square (RMS) of QPOs holds a similar behaviour. After the LTR, the centroid frequency and full width at half maxima (FWHM) of QPOs signals do not change. The LTR reduces the RMS of pulse profiles and shifts the pulse phase. In the time domain, the LTR only reduces the peak value of the cross-correlation function while it does not change the peak position; thus it will not affect the result of the time lag. When considering the time lag obtained from two instruments and one among them is LE, a 1.18 ms lag is expected caused by the LTR. The time lag calculated in the frequency domain is the same as that in the time domain.
Photometric and spectroscopic study of flares on Ross 15
Authors: Bai Jian-Ying , Esamdin Ali , Gao Xing , Yan Yan , Ren Juan-Juan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe conducted photometric and spectroscopic observations of Ross 15 in order to further study the flare properties of this less observed flare star. A total of 28B-band flares are detected in 128 hr of photometric observations, leading to a total flare rate of0.22−0.04+0.04hr−1, more accurate than that provided by previous work. We give the energy range of theB-band flare (1029.5– 1031.5erg) and the flare frequency distribution (FFD) for the star. Within the same energy range, the FFD is lower than that of GJ 1243 (M4) and YZ CMi (M4.5), roughly in the middle of those of three M5-type stars and higher than the average FFDs of spectral types ≥ M6. We performed, for the first time for Ross 15, simultaneous high-cadence spectroscopic and photometric observations, resulting in detection of the most energetic flare in our sample. The intensity enhancements of the continuum and Balmer lines with significant correlations between them are detected during the flare, which is the same as those of other deeply studied flare stars with similar spectral type.
Multi-stage scale of the incentive system for distributors of an electrical company
Authors: Nikitochkina Yu V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The model presented in the article expands the applied nature of the measurement theory and eliminates the gap in the application of measurements in the “agent theory” (the economic theory of incentives). Distribution channel management is one of the key issues for the vast majority of manufacturers. This channel is the widest, and therefore determines both the production plans and the marketing policy of the manufacturer. The current practice of setting discounts has become extremely sophisticated, and the variety of discounts is impressive: currently, about 20 different types of discounts are used in international trade practice. This article proposes a new model for stimulating distributors – a multi-stage scale that matches the distributor’s score with the percentage level of discount for regional coverage and specialization. The list of indicators for calculating the discount for specialization and regional coverage includes a group of indicators to increase the motivation of the distributor to improve the quality of their work and a group of indicators to increase the motivation of the distributor to expand the scope of action. Using the method of index grouping of expert estimates, the weight values of each indicator were found using the method of index grouping of expert estimates. The problem of calculating the score of distribution activity results was set as a multi-criteria problem, in which the method of additive optimization was used for the procedure of folding private criteria, which was preceded by checking all private criteria for additive independence. As a result of the calculations (using the processing of expert opinions by the method of index grouping of expert assessments), a five-step scale of discounts was obtained. The data of the international electrotechnical company Schneider Electric in Russia became the empirical basis for the implementation of the tasks set. The developed incentive model can be adapted for any commercial enterprise that is interested in promoting its product through regional coatings, as well as in supporting the image of the product, which, of course, helps to stimulate demand and increase sales.
Combining scenario approach and Choquet integral in decision making
Authors: Gisin V B 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Scenario-based approach is applied to evaluate alternatives. Using the ideas of Dempster-Schaeffer a capacity distribution is defined over scenarios. This allows describing possible future developments in terms of individual and integrated expert judgments and transforming expert judgments into scenario assessments. To get a final numerical estimate of alternatives, we use integration over non-additive measures applying the Choquet integral.
Application of bioinspired algorithms for solving transcomputational tasks
Authors: Kureichik V V , Kursitys I O , Kuliev E V , Gerasimenko E M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The paper investigates the pattern recognition task as one of the most important transcomputational problems. Pattern recognition is applied for statistical data analysis, signal processing, image analysis, bioinformatics, machine learning, and many other fields. The area of application is related to automated pattern detection in the data using computer algorithms and data classification in terms of different categories. The development of new ideas in the processing of large volumes of information creates a new trend in the pattern recognition area. A specific field is formed by the bioinspired algorithms as mathematical reorganization, that transform the initial information into the results based on simulating the evolution methods, natural analogies, and statistic approach. In terms of computer modelling based on the bioinspired algorithms, we can create and develop difficult concepts, for which we have no analytical description. The authors present the optimal bioinspired algorithms based on the ant, monkey, and bat behavior in nature and develop software based on the principle of pattern recognition using the uploaded photo and downloading the results into the file. The experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.