bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Dietary Oregano (Lippia origanoides) and Clover (Eugenia caryophillata) Essential Oilsʼ Formulations on Intestinal Health and Performance of Pigs
Authors: Dieguez Susana Nelly , Decundo Julieta María , Martínez Guadalupe , Amanto Fabián Andrés , Bianchi Carolina Paula , Pérez Gaudio Denisa Soledad , Soraci Alejandro Luis 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe incorporation of natural essential oils to the pigsʼ diet in intensive production systems is a potential tool to improve gut health and prevent infections without using antibiotics. Nevertheless, different products, even containing the same compounds, coming from the same botanical species, may exert dissimilar biological effects due differences in the technological processes by which they are produced and preserved. For this reason, suitability of a given product based on natural extracts, intended for swine production must be thoroughly evaluated. In the present study, we assessed the effects of three additives containing oregano (Lippia origanoides) essential oil, alone or in combination with clover (Eugenia caryophillata) essential oil, with or without being microencapsulated, on gastrointestinal health and on some performance parameters in a commercial pig production farm. Recently weaned piglets were randomly divided in four groups, and basal diet or essential oil-supplemented diet (OCE; MOCE; MOE) was randomly assigned to each of the groups from weaning to finishing. Blood samples were collected at pre-established days after weaning. Intestinal sampling took place at 42 and 72 days of age. Pigs consuming the supplemented diets showed higher intestinal metabolic activity during the post-weaning period, decreasing the impact of weaning stress on enterocytesʼ metabolism. Intestinal barrier function was not affected in pigs consuming microencapsulated products. All treated groups showed improved intestinal architecture, increased digestive enzymes activity and caecal VFA concentrations. The incorporation of the dietary essential oils products brought beneficial effects on gastrointestinal health that were reflected in improved performance parameters.
Comparative Analysis of Obstetric Hemorrhage Risk Prediction Tools
Authors: Hacker Francis M. , Phillips Jaclyn M. , Lemon Lara S. , Simhan Hyagriv N. 
Published: December 2021

Objective Hemorrhage risk prediction tools were developed in response to rising rates of obstetric hemorrhage (OBH). The California Maternal Quality Care Collaborative (CMQCC) risk prediction tool classifies patients as low, medium, and high risk for OBH based on individual risk factors. At our institution, Magee-Womens Hospital (MWH), a unique OBH risk prediction tool was derived from the CMQCC tool that differs through its use of weighted risk factors and distinctive laboratory value cutoffs. Our objective is to compare this enhanced institution-specific tool to the CMQCC tool.
Study Design This study was a retrospective cohort analysis of delivery admissions from a single health care network. Admission OBH risk scores were assigned to each patient using both the MWH and CMQCC scores. Cohen's kappa estimated agreement. Scoring systems and maternal outcomes were compared using chi-square test. Composite morbidity included transfusion, hysterectomy, uterine artery embolization, and intensive care unit admission.
Results A total of 21,843 delivery admissions were included. A moderate association was observed between scoring systems (kappa = 0.41, p < 0.001). The CMQCC tool categorized 16,184 (74%) patients as low risk, 4,664 (21%) as medium risk, and 995 (5%) as high risk. The MWH tool categorized 13,137 (60%) patients as low risk, 8,113 (37%) as medium risk, and 593 (3%) as high risk. The MWH score recategorized CMQCC low-risk patients to a higher stratum 26% of the time. CMQCC high-risk patients were recategorized to a lower stratum 82% of the time. Both the MWH and CMQCC tools were able to differentiate OBH-related morbidity across risk strata. The MWH tool independently predicted risk of composite morbidity within each stratum of the CMQCC score.
Conclusion Both the MWH and CMQCC tools independently distinguish risk of composite morbidity. Adding weighted values to individual risk factors further discriminates risk of morbidity. This suggests it may be reasonable to adapt the CMQCC tool to reflect institutional populations and resources.
Key Points
Neonatal Birthweight, Infant Feeding, and Childhood Metabolic Markers
Authors: Pippen Jessica , Stetson Bethany , Doherty Lindsay , Varner Michael W. , Casey Brian M. , Reddy Uma M. , Wapner Ronald J. , Rouse Dwight J. , Tita Alan T. N. , Thorp John M. , Chien Edward K. , Saade George R. , Blackwell Sean C. ,   for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network
Published: December 2021

Objective Antenatal and early neonatal nutritional environment may influence later metabolic health. Infants of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have higher risk for childhood obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Leptin and adiponectin are known biomarkers for MetS and may guide interventions to reduce later obesity. We sought to examine the relationship between birthweight, early infancy feeding practices, and biomarkers for MetS in offspring of women with mild GDM.
Study Design Secondary analysis of a prospective observational follow-up study on the offspring of women who participated in a multicenter randomized treatment trial on mild GDM. Children were evaluated by research coordinators and biospecimens collected at the age of 5 to 10. Plasma concentrations of leptin and adiponectin were compared between large for gestational age (LGA) and average birthweight (AGA) infants, and according to whether solid foods were introduced early (<6 months of age) or at the recommended age (≥6 months of age). Multivariable analysis adjusted for fetal sex, race/ethnicity, and maternal body mass index.
Results Leptin and adiponectin were measured in 336 plasma samples. In bivariate analysis, compared with AGA children, LGA children had lower leptin (5.0 ng/mL [3.6–6.0] vs. 5.8 ng/mL [4.5 = 6.6], p = 0.01) and similar adiponectin (6.3 µg/mL [5.1–7.9] vs. 6.4 µg/mL [5.3–8.6], p = 0.49) concentrations. Maternal/child characteristics were similar between the early/delayed solid feeding groups. Leptin and adiponectin concentrations were similar in the early fed and delayed feeding groups (5.8 ng/mL [4.6–6.7] vs. 5.6 ng/mL [4.2–6.6], p = 0.50 and 6.4 µg/mL [5.4–8.1] vs. 6.4 µg/mL [5.1–8.8], p = 0.85, respectively). After controlling for covariates, children who were LGA and AGA at birth had similar leptin concentrations.
Conclusion Birthweight and early infancy feeding practice are not associated with alterations in leptin and adiponectin in children of women with mild GDM.
Key Points
Existence of exponentially spatially localized breather solutions for lattices of nonlinearly coupled particles: Schauder’s fixed point theorem approach
Authors: Hennig Dirk , Karachalios Nikos I. 
Published: December 2021

The problem of showing the existence of localized modes in nonlinear lattices has attracted considerable efforts not only from the physical but also from the mathematical viewpoint where a rich variety of methods have been employed. In this paper, we prove that a fixed point theory approach based on the celebrated Schauder’s fixed point theorem may provide a general method to concisely establish not only the existence of localized structures but also a required rate of spatial localization. As a case study, we consider lattices of coupled particles with a nonlinear nearest neighbor interaction and prove the existence of exponentially spatially localized breathers exhibiting either even-parity or odd-parity symmetry under necessary non-resonant conditions accompanied with the proof of energy bounds of solutions.
Crystallization kinetics of atomic crystals revealed by a single-shot and single-particle X-ray diffraction experiment
Authors: Niozu Akinobu , Kumagai Yoshiaki , Hiraki Toshiyuki Nishiyama , Fukuzawa Hironobu , Motomura Koji , Bucher Maximilian , Asa Kazuki , Sato Yuhiro , Ito Yuta , You Daehyun , Ono Taishi , Li Yiwen , Kukk Edwin , Miron Catalin , Neagu Liviu , Callegari Carlo , Di Fraia Michele , Rossi Giorgio , Galli Davide Emilio , Pincelli Tommaso , Colombo Alessandro , Owada Shigeki , Tono Kensuke , Kameshima Takashi , Joti Yasumasa , Katayama Tetsuo , Togashi Tadashi , Yabashi Makina , Matsuda Kazuhiro , Bostedt Christoph , Ueda Kiyoshi , Nagaya Kiyonobu 
Published: December 2021

Significance
Understanding the atomic-scale mechanism of crystallization is a fundamental issue in statistical mechanics and the basis for the synthesis of novel materials. We investigated the structures of single xenon nanoparticles at the early stage of formation by exploiting the femtosecond single-shot X-ray diffraction approach. We found the coexistence of a highly stacking-disordered structure and a stable face-centered cubic structure in the same single nanoparticles, suggesting that crystallization proceeds via an intermediate stacking-disordered phase. The results shine light on the early stages of condensed matter nucleation and demonstrate the effectiveness of the single-shot diffraction method for elucidating fast structural dynamics in atomic aggregates, feeding unique experimental information to nucleation and growth theory as well as to research and applications.
Sound-meaning relations in Japanese Tanka
Authors: Auracher Jan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to test sound-meaning relations in Japanese poetry. To this end, participants assessed the sentiments expressed in a random selection of Tanka (a specific form of Japanese poetry) on six bipolar scales comprising Evaluation (emotional valence), Potency (dominance), and Activity (arousal). The selected Tanka differed with regard to their average formant-dispersion (i.e., the distance between the first and second formant). Corroborating results of a previous study that tested the relation between formant dispersion and emotional tone in German poetry, results suggest that poems with an extremely low average formant dispersion have a significantly higher likelihood of expressing dominance and activity than poems with an extremely high formant dispersion. No significant differences regarding the Evaluation dimension were found.
Variation in Spanish accounting terminology
Authors: García González Marta 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The paper discusses the main results of an analysis of Spanish accounting terminology, based on the exploitation
of three different corpora. The analysis was aimed at measuring the level of terminology variation in Spanish accounting and at
assessing the suitability of accounting standards and companies’ financial statements for terminology extraction in the
translation of accounting texts. The results evidence a terminological variation of around 25% in international accounting
standards and a considerable lack of consistency in the use of accounting terminology in the financial statements of Spanish
companies, both in the Spanish originals and in their English translations.
On the stability of recovering two sources and initial status in a stochastic hyperbolic-parabolic system
Authors: Wu Bin , Liu Jijun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Consider an inverse problem of determining two stochastic source functions and the initial status simultaneously in a stochastic thermoelastic system, which is constituted of two stochastic equations of different types, namely a parabolic equation and a hyperbolic equation. To establish the conditional stability for such a coupling system in terms of some suitable norms revealing the stochastic property of the governed system, we first establish two Carleman estimates with regular weight function and two large parameters for stochastic parabolic equation and stochastic hyperbolic equation, respectively. By means of these two Carleman estimates, we finally prove the conditional stability for our inverse problem, provided the source in the elastic equation be known near the boundary and the solution be in an a priori bounded set. Due to the lack of information about the time derivative of wave field at the final time, the stability index with respect to the wave field at final time is found to be halved, which reveals the special characteristic of our inverse problem for the coupling system.
A Si-based suspended tunnel structure with trapezoidal section by two-step etching
Authors: Ma Tieying , Wang Yipeng , Zhou Jinzhu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A two-step etching method is used to prepare a Si-based suspended tunnel structure with a trapezoidal section. In the first wet etching, surfactant Triton-X-100 is added to tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) enchant to inhibit crystal plane characteristics. Bulk Si Rib with trapezoidal cross section is formed, with inclination of side and height being modulated by changing etching time, to obtain good stability. After the SiO2 support layer is grown by thermal oxidation, pure 25% TMAH is used in the second wet etching to quickly lateral etch and undercut the bulk silicon under the support layer and form a suspended structure along <100> opening. Using additive-no additive two-step etching method, suspended structure with high stability and compressive strength, good insulation characteristics, high yield can be prepared. It lays a solid foundation for developing high sensitivity photo, thermal, chemical and gas sensors.
High-efficiency and tunable circular dichroism in chiral graphene metasurface
Authors: Cui Ying , Wang Xiaosai , Jiang Huan , Jiang Yongyuan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Circular dichroism (CD) response is extremely important for dynamic polarization control, chiral molecular sensing and imaging, etc. Here, we numerically demonstrated high-efficiency and tunable CD using a symmetry broken graphene-dielectric-metal composite microstructure. By introducing slot patterns in graphene ribbons, the metasurface exhibits giant polarization-selective absorption for circularly polarized (CP) wave excitations. The maximum CD reaches 0.87 at 2.78 THz, which originates from the localized surface plasmon resonances in patterned graphene. Besides, the operating frequency and magnitude of CD are dynamically manipulated by gating graphene’s Fermi energies. The proposed chiral graphene metasurface with high-efficiency and tunable capability paves a way to the design of active CD metasurfaces.
Metal-wire-embedded alumina insulating material using micro- and nanoscale 3D printing for surface flashover mitigation in a vacuum
Authors: Mu Haibao , Yao Yitong , Zhang Shu , Sun Guangyu , Guo Baohong , Song Falun , Cheng Yanlin , Zhang Guanjun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A micro- and nanoscale 3D printing technique is applied to fabricate a functional insulating material that mitigates surface discharge in a vacuum based on microscopic electron multipactor suppression. The proposed alumina ceramic insulator design consists of surface-embedded thin metal wires that introduce a local gradient of secondary electron emission (SEE) yield, such that the trajectories of multipactor electrons are distorted by accumulated negative surface charge and the SEE avalanche across the insulator surface becomes intermittent. Considerable increases of surface flashover threshold and surface charging reduction are verified by the experiment. Also, additional efforts are made to determine the optimal size and spatial distribution of the metal wire. A convex-shape flashover voltage trace is observed when increasing the width of the wire, suggesting a trade-off between the multipactor mitigation and the insulator strength. The wire’s position between the adjacent cathode triple junction and the middle of the insulator is proved to be favorable for flashover mitigation. The physical details of surface flashover mitigation by the proposed insulator design are revealed by an ab initio particle-in-cell simulation code, corroborating the experiment from a microscopic aspect.
Parallel directional coupler based dual-polarization electro-absorption modulator using epsilon near-zero material
Authors: Bhowmik Tanmay , Sikdar Debabrata 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Electro-optical modulation, where a radio frequency signal can be encoded in an optical field, is crucial to decide the overall performance of an integrated photonics system. Due to the growing internet penetration rate worldwide, polarization-division-multiplexing (PDM) technique has emerged to increase the link capacity, where polarization-independent modulators are desirable to reduce system complexity. In this study, we propose a novel parallel directional coupler based dual-polarization electro-absorption modulator based on epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) material. The proposed design is capable of independent and synchronized modulation of two fundamental modes viz. transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) mode of a standard silicon (Si) rib waveguide. Indium-tin-oxide (ITO)–Si based two parallel hybrid plasmonic waveguides (HPW1 and HPW2) are placed such that fundamental TM (TE) mode of the input bus waveguide can be coupled to HPW1 (HPW2). The ENZ-state of ITO, acquired upon two independent electrical gating, enables large modulation depth by utilizing enhancement of electric field at the absorptive carrier accumulation layer. With a 27 μm active length, the extinction ratio (ER) of the proposed design is 10.11 dB (9.66 dB) for TM (TE) modulation at 1550 nm wavelength. This results in a 0.45 dB ER-discrepancy and indicates the polarization-insensitive nature of the modulator. The insertion losses and modulation bandwidths of our design are less than 1 dB and more than 100 GHz, respectively, for both polarizations over the entire C-band of wavelength. The proposed design can find potential applications in the PDM-enabled integrated photonics systems and high speed optical interconnections at data center networks.
The Ξ-nuclear potential constrained by recent Ξ− hypernuclei experiments
Authors: Hu Jinniu , Zhang Ying , Shen Hong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Ξ-nuclear potential is investigated in the quark mean-field (QMF) model based on recent results on the Ξ− + 14N (

C

Ξ

−

15

) system. The experimental data on the binding energy of 1p-state Ξ− hyperon in

C

Ξ

−

15

hypernuclei in KISO, IBUKI, E07-T011, E176-14-03-35 events are merged as

B

Ξ

−

(

1
p

)

=
1.14
±
0.11

MeV. With this constraint, the coupling strengths between the ω vector meson and Ξ hyperon are fixed in three QMF parameter sets. At the same time, the Ξ− binding energy of 1s state in

C

Ξ

−

15

is predicted as

B

Ξ

−

(

1
s

)

=
5.66
±
0.38

MeV with the same interactions, completely consistent with the data from the KINKA and IRRAWADDY events. Finally, the Ξ-nuclear potential is calculated in the symmetric nuclear matter in the same framework. It is found to be U
Ξ = −11.96 ± 0.85 MeV at nuclear saturation density, which is important for the discussions of the role of strangeness in a neutron star.
Aperiodic crystals in biology
Authors: Maciá Enrique 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Biological systems display a broad palette of hierarchically ordered designs spanning over many orders of magnitude in size. Remarkably enough, periodic order, which profusely shows up in non-living ordered compounds, plays a quite subsidiary role in most biological structures, which can be appropriately described in terms of the more general aperiodic crystal notion instead. In this topical review I shall illustrate this issue by considering several representative examples, including botanical phyllotaxis, the geometry of cell patterns in tissues, the morphology of sea urchins, or the symmetry principles underlying virus architectures. In doing so, we will realize that albeit the currently adopted quasicrystal notion is not general enough to properly account for the rich structural features one usually finds in biological arrangements of matter, several mathematical tools and fundamental notions belonging to the aperiodic crystals science toolkit can provide a useful modeling framework to this end.
Coarse-grained tight-binding models
Authors: Liu Tian-Xiang , Mao Li , Pistol Mats-Erik , Pryor Craig 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Calculating the electronic structure of systems involving very different length scales presents a challenge. Empirical atomistic descriptions such as pseudopotentials or tight-binding models allow one to calculate the effects of atomic placements, but the computational burden increases rapidly with the size of the system, limiting the ability to treat weakly bound extended electronic states. Here we propose a new method to connect atomistic and quasi-continuous models, thus speeding up tight-binding calculations for large systems. We divide a structure into blocks consisting of several unit cells which we diagonalize individually. We then construct a tight-binding Hamiltonian for the full structure using a truncated basis for the blocks, ignoring states having large energy eigenvalues and retaining states with energies close to the band edge energies. A numerical test using a GaAs/AlAs quantum well shows the computation time can be decreased to less than 5% of the full calculation with errors of less than 1%. We give data for the trade-offs between computing time and loss of accuracy. We also tested calculations of the density of states for a GaAs/AlAs quantum well and find a ten times speedup without much loss in accuracy.
Collective cloaking of a cluster of electrostatically defined core–shell quantum dots in graphene
Authors: Sadrara Mahdiyeh , Miri MirFaez 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We study cloaking of a cluster of electrostatically defined core–shell quantum dots in graphene. Guided by the generalized multiparticle Mie theory, the Dirac electron scattering from a cluster of quantum dots is addressed. Indeed distant quantum dots may experience a sort of individual cloaking. But despite the multiple scattering of an incident electron from a set of adjacent quantum dots, collective cloaking may happen. Via a proper choice of the radii and bias voltages of shells, two most important scattering coefficients and hence the scattering efficiency of the cluster dramatically decrease. Energy-selective electron cloaks are realizable. More importantly, clusters simultaneously transparent to electrons of different energies, are achievable. Being quite sensitive to applied bias voltages, clusters of core–shell quantum dots may be used to develop switches with high on-off ratios.
Topological phonons and electronic structure of Li2BaSi class of semimetals
Authors: Sharma Vineet Kumar , Singh Birender , Sarkar Anan Bari , Gupta Mayanak K , Mittal Ranjan , Agarwal Amit , Singh Bahadur , Kanchana V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Extension of the topological concepts to the bosonic systems has led to the prediction of topological phonons in materials. Here we discuss the topological phonons and electronic structure of Li2BaX (X = Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb) materials using first-principles theoretical modelling. A careful analysis of the phonon spectrum of Li2BaX reveals an optical mode inversion with the formation of nodal line states in the Brillouin zone. Our electronic structure results reveal a double band inversion at the Γ point with the formation of inner nodal-chain states in the absence of spin–orbit coupling (SOC). Inclusion of the SOC opens a materials-dependent gap at the band crossing points and transitions the system into a trivial insulator state. We also discuss the lattice thermal conductivity and transport properties of Li2BaX materials. Our results show that coexisting phonon and electron nontrivial topology with robust transport properties would make Li2BaX materials appealing for device applications.