bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Illuminating the Dark: Exploring the Unintended Consequences of Digital Marketing
Authors: Wiertz Caroline , Kittinger-Rosanelli Christine 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Our relationship to technology is deeply paradoxical. On the one hand, we buy and constantly use more devices and apps, leaving our traces in the digital space. On the other hand, we increasingly fear the dark sides of being dependent on technology and of data abuse. Inadequate knowledge and errors make it difficult to predict unintended consequences, and often problems emerge due to deliberate choices to pursue some interests while ignoring others. Hot topics include data privacy, potentially biased or discriminating algorithms, the tension between free choice and manipulation, and the optimization of questionable outputs while ignoring broader effects.
Fighting unintended consequences should get to the roots of the problems. As for personal data, users should get more control over what they share. Further, more transparency can help avoid dystopian outcomes. It concerns the use of data, in particular, by algorithms. The high concentration of power of a few global players should also be watched closely, and societies need to be critical towards their actions and objectives. Even seemingly noble motives come at a price, and this price needs to be negotiable.
The Illusion of Free Choice in the Age of Augmented Decisions
Authors: Buder Fabian , Pauwels Koen , Daikoku Kairun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In our augmented world, many decision situations are designed by smart technologies. Artificial intelligence helps reduce information overload, filter relevant information and limit an otherwise overwhelming abundance of choices. While such algorithms make our lives more convenient, they also fulfill various organizational objectives that users may not be aware of and that may not be in their best interest. We do not know whether algorithms truly optimize the benefits of their users or rather the return on investment of a company. They are not only designed for convenience but also to be addictive, and this opens the doors for manipulation. Therefore, augmented decision making undermines the freedom of choice. To limit the threats of augmented decisions and enable humans to be critical towards the outcomes of artificial intelligence–driven recommendations, everybody should develop “algorithmic literacy.” It involves a basic understanding of artificial intelligence and how algorithms work in the background. Algorithmic literacy also requires that users understand the role and value of the personal data they sacrifice in exchange for decision augmentation.
The use of GIS tools in the automation of examining the cartometry of old maps
Authors: Kuźma Maria 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Using the full potential of old maps requires interdisciplinary research, which allows for a comprehensive assessment of facts recorded on the map along with their features. The author of the article is interested in cartometric analysis. It is used to study one of these features – the location of an object in geographical space. The author describes and evaluates the usefulness of GIS tools in the automation of examining the cartometry of old maps and presents her own tool for determining the general scale of maps.
Evaluation of time availability of the selected rescue service of a large city. A case study of Warsaw
Authors: Sitek Katarzyna , Pokojski Wojciech , Gołębiowska Izabela 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article presents the GIS analysis of time availability of the Voivodship Emergency Ambulance and Sanitary Transport Station operates an Independent Public Health Care Facility “Meditrans” in Warsaw. The research focuses on determining the level of service for residents in each district with the emergency service station. In addition, an attempt was made to improve accessibility on the example of three selected districts. The authors attempt to select methodology of planning the location of the emergency service station in order to optimize the level of service for residents.
Medication Storage Appropriateness in US Households
Authors: Funk Olivia G. , Yung Royce , Arrighi Scott , Lee SuHak 
Published: May 2021

Background/Objective(s): Many people in the United States (US) store medications, both prescription and over-the-counter, in their households. They may store medications in a designated location which could pose some convenience for the ease of use and access. However, most people may not know if their medications are stored properly to maintain stability and sterility. The objective of this study is to assess the medication storage locations in US households and evaluate appropriateness for each reported stored medication based on the published literature and drug information databases.
Methods: 195 US Qualtrics panel members completed the National Household Medication Survey about medications stored at home and the number of residents in the household. This survey was a cross-sectional, self-administered, online survey completed through Qualtrics. The reported medications and their corresponding storage locations were categorized based on their appropriateness with moisture/humidity, temperatures and accidental exposure to children. The number of medications stored appropriately per household was recorded based on published literature, Lexicomp, Nature Made and Nature’s Bounty were consulted.
Results: 154 (79%) households completed the survey. 75 (38.4%) households had at least one resident younger than 18 years old. 72 (46.8%) households stored at least one medication on a countertop. Only 28 (23.3%) households stored all their medications appropriately, while 92 (76.7%) households were storing at least one medication inappropriately. 34 (22%) households reported medications that were unidentifiable or no medications at all.
457 medications were reported by the 154 households. 13 of the households did not store any medications at home. 162-164 (~35%) of the medications were stored appropriately. 52 to 54 (~11%) medications had a moisture/humidity issue, 77 to 79 (~17%) had a temperature issue, and 42 to 44 (~9%) medications had both issues. 23 (5%) medications had an issue with a potential risk for accidental exposure to children, 6 (1.3%) had issues with both risk for accidental exposure to children and moisture/humidity, 8 (1.8%) had issues with both risk for accidental exposure to children and temperature, and 4 (0.9%) medications shared all three issues. Some numbers are reported with a range because certain medications have different storage recommendations based on formulation, so if a formulation wasn’t specified, both storage recommendations were taken into consideration.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that many US households may be storing medications in inappropriate locations. In order to ensure medication stability and sterility and reduce the risk of accidental ingestion, pharmacists should proactively educate patients on proper storage of their medications and signs of degradation to avoid undesirable effects from the medications.
The Development of Research on e-Logistics
Authors: Qurtubi Qurtubi , Janari Dian , Febrianti Melinska Ayu 
Published: May 2021

This article discusses about the development of research on e-logistics. This study is intended to provide deeper knowledge on e-logistics research development that could be useful for future researches. Literature review is employed in this research. Literature review is conducted towards 20 research articles of e-logistics that have been written and tracked from five online accesses. It can be concluded from the result and discussion that e-logistics researches still unconnectedly discussed over many topics, leads to insignificant correlation between one another. Yet, it could be still categorized in four main topics, which are e-logistics concept, e-logistics model, e-logistics system, implementation and implication. From all four, the research that discusses about e-logistics implementation and implication are considered as the most studied subject. Suggestions are also provided at the end of the article for accommodating previous researches to be interrelated, in order to solve overall problems.
Traceability System on Mangosteen Supply Chain Management Using Blockchain Technology: A Model Design
Authors: Vikaliana Resista , Rasi Raja Zuraidah Raja Mohd , Pujawan I Nyoman 
Published: May 2021

This study aims to recommend a model of traceability system in mangosteen supply chain management using blockchain technology. The traceability system model is designed to ensure the acceptance of safe and quality mangosteen by consumers because consumers can search for information about mangosteen supply chain management. In this study, blockchain technology was chosen because with blockchain technology, traceability and capacity to share information about production processes will be made easier and trustworthy. Traceability takes center stage in organizations supply chain; furthermore, it is a tool in fighting product counterfeiting and protecting brands. Implementing blockchain can revolutionize the way a supply chain works.This research consists of three stages. The first is to identify the mangosteen export supply chain. Second, identify the form of data needed and used in mangosteen traceability. Third, the formulation of mangosteen traceability models or designs. The results of this study describe a model design how mangosteen traceability is carried out using blockchain technology.
The Effect of Added Ligands on the Reactions of [Ni(COD)(dppf)] with Alkyl Halides: Halide Abstraction can be Reversible
Authors: Greaves Megan , Ronson Thomas O. , Maseras Feliu , Nelson David 
Published: May 2021

The reactions of dppf-nickel(0) with alkyl halides proceed via three-coordinate nickel(0) intermediates of the form [Ni(dppf)(L)]. The effect of the identity of the added ligand (L) on catalyst speciation and the rates of reactions of [Ni(COD)(dppf)] with alkyl halides has been investigated using kinetic experiments and DFT calculations. A series of monodentate ligands have been investigated in attempts to identify trends in reactivity. Sterically bulky and electron donating ligands are found to decrease the reaction rate. It was found that (i) the halide abstraction step is not always irreversible, and the subsequent recombination of a nickel(I) complex with an alkyl halide can have a significant effect on the overall rate of the reaction; and (ii) some ligands lead to very stable[Ni(dppf)(L) 2 ] species. The yields of prototypical (dppf)nickel-catalysed Kumada cross-coupling reactions of alkyl halides are significantly improved by the addition of free ligand, which provides another important variable to consider when optimizing nickel-catalysed reactions of alkyl halides.
Antibiotic-Resistant-Bacterial Infection of Diabetes Mellitus-Induced Ulcers: A Narrative Review on a Healing Ointment
Authors: Aryantara Kuntala Jaka , Agustiawan Umar Mutmainnah , Ayni Qurrotu , Andrianto Dimas 
Published: May 2021

Gangrene is the main reason why diabetes mellitus patient’s leg amputation should be done. Natural compounds which are contained in coffee grounds extract can actually act as antibacterial substances by inhibiting the growth of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) that resistant to several antibiotics. Coffee grounds become waste caused by people are underusing this material and the high production level of coffee grounds in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to examine the content of antimicrobial compounds from coffee grounds that can heal wounds caused by diabetes mellitus and to create a formulation of coffee ground based ointment for diabetes mellitus wound healing. Methods used in this research are narrative review from literatures, normality test, and T-test. The conclusion of this narrative review, natural compounds such a trigonelline, caffeine, and chlorogenic acid found in coffee grounds are capable of MRSA growth inhibition at concentration 44%. Coffee grounds based ointment with 1% (w/w) of ointment preparation is expected to reduce coffee grounds waste by developing new product as diabetes mellitus wound healer.
Identifikasi Kesulitan Fungsional Siswa SDN Peresak Bebuak Kecamatan Kopang Kabupaten Lombok Tengah
Authors: Oktaviyanti Itsna , Nasaruddin Nasaruddin , Setiawan Heri , Jiwandono Ilham Syahrul 
Published: May 2021

Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat merupakan salah satu provinsi dengan jumlah masyarakat yang mengalami kesulitan fungsional cukup tinggi di Indonesia. Salah satu wilayah yang menjadi sorotan adalah di Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Diperlukan identifikasi serta penanganan yang serius agar angka tersebut turun. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui ragam jenis kesulitan fungsional yang dialami oleh siswa di Kabupaten Lombok Tengah, khususnya di SDN Peresak Bebuak. Metode penelitian menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif. Lokasi penelitian di SDN Peresak Bebuak, Kecamatan Kopang, Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Waktu pelaksanaan penelitian yaitu semester ganjil tahun pelajaran 2020/2021. Subjek penelitian ini ialah seluruh siswa kelas IV SD di SDN Peresak Bebuak sebanyak 27 siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan 3 bentuk instrumen yaitu; pertama, Profil Belajar Siswa (PBS), kedua, pedoman wawancara dengan guru dan orang tua, ketiga, dokumen pendukung seperti hasil belajar siswa, hasil karya siswa, catatan pribadi siswa, ataupu catatan riwayat kesehatan siswa. Validasi data menggunakan informant review atau umpan balik dari informan. Analisis data menggunakan reduksi data, sajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan atau verivikasi. Hasil penelitian ini. Berdasar hasil observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi diperoleh data bahwa 8 (4,5%) siswa SDN Peresak Bebuak masuk kategori siswa dengan kesulitan fungsional. 7 diantaranya masuk kategori kesulitan intelektual baik ringan maupun sedang. 1 siswa masuk kategori kesulitan belajar spesifik. Hasil penelitian hanya sebatas pendataan dengan PBS dan hasil wawancara saja, sehingga perlu ditindaklanjuti dengan asesmen lanjutan oleh ahli baik dari dokter, psikolog, maupun guru SLB dan praktisi lain yang berkompeten di bidang siswa berkebutuhan khusus.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Penyusunan Perangkat Pembelajaran pada Mata Kuliah Microteaching Melalui Pembelajaran Berbasis Lesson Study
Authors: Hanik Nur Rokhimah , Harsono Sri 
Published: May 2021

Tujuan yang ingin dicapai pada penelitian ini adalah;1. Untuk meningkatkan kemampuan mahasiswa dalam penyusunan perangkat pembelajaran pada mata kuliah Microteaching melalui pembelajaran yang berbasis lesson study 2. Untuk meningkatkan kemampuan mahasiswa dalam pelaksanaan proses pembelajaran pada mata kuliah Microteaching melalui pembelajaran yang berbasis lesson study. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian eksplorasi. Subyek penelitian yang digunakan adalah mahasiswa semester VI regular program studi pendidikan Biologi FKIP Univet Bantara Sukoharjo angkatan 2016/2017 pengambil mata kuliah Microteaching sebanyak 13 orang. Waktu penelitian mulai bulan April sampai Agustus 2019. Data penelitian berupa kemampuan pembuatan perangkat pembelajaran dan kemampuan pelaksanan pembelajaran diperoleh dengan instrumen penilaian yang berupa lembar observasi. Tehnik analisis dana dengan analisa kwalitatif komparasi dengan membandingkan peningkatan kemampuan sebelum pembelajaran dengan lesson study dengan pembelajaran berbasis lesson study. Dari pembelajaran Microteaching berbasis Lesson Study diperoleh hasil terjadi peningkatan nilai rata-rata untuk kemampuan penyusunan Perangkat Pembelajaran dari 77,84 menjadi 89,77 ( 15,69%) dan untuk kemampuan pelaksanaan pembelajaran dari 77,08 menjadi 88,23 (14,23%). Kategori nilai untuk Perangkat Pembelajaran sebelum Lesson Study A=0, B=12 dan C=1. Sedangkan Perangkat Pembelajaran Lesson Study kategori nilai A=11 orang dan B=2 orang, sedang kemampuan pelaksanaan pembelajaran sebelum Lesson Study kategori nilai A=0, B=11 dan C=2, sedangkan kemampuan pelaksanaan pembelajaran setelah Lesson Study kategori nilai A= 8 orang dan kategori B= 5 orang. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran Microteaching berbasis Lesson Stady dapat meningkatkan kemampuan mahasiswa dalam penyusunan perangkat pembelajaran dan kemampuan pelaksanaan pembelajaran.
KEJANG PADA PASIEN STROKE NON HEMORAGIK
Authors: Jessica Jessica , Christy R Fidelia , Yuliani Desie , Ahmad Harun Nurdiansah , Halim Adrean Hartanto 
Published: May 2021

Pendahuluan: Stroke menyumbang 10% penyebab epilepsi dan 55% penyebab kejang yang baru terdiagnosis di antara orang tua. Post Stroke Seizure (PSS) dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi acute symptomatic seizure (ASS) dan unprovoked seizure (US). Ketepatan diagnosis PSS dapat membantu memprediksi risiko kejang berulang sehingga dapat melakukan edukasi dengan tepat terhadap pasien.
Laporan Kasus: Seorang wanita berusia 55 tahun datang dengan keluhan tiba-tiba mengalami lemas pada separuh tubuh kanan sehingga pasien sempat terjatuh serta mengeluh suara pelo dan bibir agak mencong sejak 5 jam sebelum masuk rumah sakit (SMRS). Setengah jam setelah berada dalam IGD pasien mengalami kejang kelojotan di bagian lengan dan tangan kanan selama 1 menit. Pasien langsung diberikan diazepam 5 mg bolus lambat intravena sehingga kejang langsung berhenti. Satu jam setelah diberikan diazepam pasien mengalami kejang kelojotan pada seluruh tubuh selama 1 menit. Terhadap pasien, langsung diberikan diazepam 5 mg bolus lambat intravena kedua, selanjutnya dilakukan loading fenitoin 300 mg intravena. CT Scan kepala non kontras menunjukkan subacute ischemic cerebral infarction di kapsula interna kiri dan chronic ischemic cerebral infarction di basal ganglia kiri serta atrofi otak ringan.
Diskusi: Iskemia otak dapat menyebabkan kerusakan reversibel maupun ireversibel yang akan memicu aktivitas elektrik yang tidak terorganisasi yang selanjutnya menimbulkan manifestasi kejang. Pada pasien kami, jenis kejang yang berelasi dengan stroke-nya dapat tergolong ASS yang disimpulkan dari manifestasi klinis kejadian stroke akut dan manifestasi klinis kejangnya fokal (dengan generalisasi sekunder), maupun epilepsi post stroke (unprovoked seizure) terkait stroke lama pasien yang didapat dari hasil CT Scan kepala non kontras.
Simpulan: Kejang dapat menjadi manifestasi klinis penyerta pasien yang datang dengan stroke. Sangat penting untuk membedakan tipe kejang post stroke berupa acute symptomatic seizure (ASS) atau provoked seizure ketika terjadi manifestasi kejang dalam satu minggu setelah kejadian stroke dan unprovoked seizure (US) ketika terjadi manifestasi kejang setelah lebih dari satu minggu setelah kejadian stroke. Penegakan diagnosis yang tepat membantu untuk memberikan tatalaksana yang tepat untuk mengetahui tingkat rekurensi kejang berulang pada pasien stroke.
Kata Kunci : Kejang Pasca Stroke, Epilepsi Pasca Stroke, Stroke Non Hemoragik
Programmering i svensk skolmatematik
Authors: Kilhamn Cecilia , Rolandsson Lennart , Bråting Kajsa 
Published: May 2021

När programmering skulle inkorporeras i skolans arbete valde Sverige i sin läroplansrevidering 2017 att skriva in det i matematikämnet, med stark koppling till algebra. Samtliga matematiklärare ställdes då inför utmaningen att undervisa i programmering. Vi undersöker här resultatet av 32 lärargruppers gemensamma arbete med att planera och genomföra lektioner i programmering i matematik i grundskolan. För att få insikt i hur lärare tolkar uppdraget och transponerar läroplananes beskrivning av programmering till klassrumspraktiken analyserar vi det matematiska innehållet i dessa lektioner samt vilken syn på relationen mellan matematik och programmering som framträder i lärarnas beskrivning av syfte, lärandemål, aktivitet och reflektion. Vi finner att programmeringsaktiviteter i 1/3 av lektionerna inte kopplas till något traditionellt matematiskt innehåll. I övriga lektioner är det främst aritmetik eller geometri som utgör det matematiska innehållet. Få explicita kopplingar görs till algebra förutom till begreppet variabler, men då är det främst variabler inom programmering som avses. I materialet framträder fyra olika relationer mellan matematik och programmering: 1) enbart programmering; 2) matematik som en kontext för programmering; 3) programmering som ett verktyg för att effektivisera beräkningar; 4) programmering som ett verktyg för att utforska matematik. Resultaten diskuteras i relation till matematikämnets syfte och innehåll i den svenska läroplanen.
In English
When incorporating programming in the school curricula, Sweden decided to integrate it with mathematics, and specifically within the core content of algebra. As a result, all mathematics teachers at all levels were faced with the challenge of teaching programming. In this study we analyse documentation from 32 lessons studies where groups pf teachers have planned, conducted, and revised lessons on programming within the school subject mathematics. To gain insight into how the teachers interpret the new task and thus contribute to the transposition of knowledge from the curriculum level to the classroom level, we analyse the mathematical content in these lessons and the relations between mathematics and programming that emerge in the way the teachers describe the aim, the activites and the learning outcomes of the lessons. We find that 1/3 of the lessons do not connect to any traditional mathematics content, and the rest of the lessons mostly focus on arithmetic or geometry. Few explicit connectiions are made to algebra, execpt for the variable concept, but when variables are treated the focus is on variables in the programming sense rather than algebra. Four different relationships between mathematics and programming emerge in the data: 1) programming without connecting to mathematics; 2) mathematics as a context for programming, 3) programming as a tool for efficient calculations; 4) programming as a tool for exploring mathematics. The results are discussed relation to the transposition of knowledge of mathematics as a school subject.
Economic Impact of COVID-19 on High School Teachers; An Assessment of Teachers on Private High School from the Kathmandu Metropolitan, Nepal
Authors: Devkota Nanu Maya 
Published: May 2021

The private sector education improving the overall education system has created a large employment opportunity for educated manpower of secondary-level education in Nepal. But unfortunately, there is almost no provision of economic, social, and employment-wise security and insurance for this human resources. Hence, this group of manpower gets heavily quivered by external natural and social factors like the COVID-19 pandemic.
Being bound within Kathmandu metropolitan, this research has aimed to study the effect of COVID-19 on employment, income, and savings of the teachers involved in private high school (grade 11 and 12). This situation has arisen from the fact that many intuitions have been fully or partially shut down due to the global pandemic.
This study is quantitative research based on primary data. For this, the purposive sampling technique is used. This study computes the data through the questionnaire and the direct interview taken by 50 samples.
Using paired t-test, a significant difference has been observed in the employment, income, and savings of the teachers, pre and during COVID backed and further evaluated by other descriptive statistics. The percentage change in meaningful employment, mean income and mean savings has been observed as 69.25%, 40.50%, and 86.95% respectively through the analysis of data.
On evaluating the economic condition of teachers of private institutions, although it has been acceptable in sound environmental conditions, in extreme conditions like COVID-19, their economic condition is highly likely to get deteriorated. This deterioration is backed by the observation of this research and is highly significant.
This research helps to forecast and manage the possible economic fluctuation of teachers, that may arise during a crisis like COVID-19. Furthermore, this research also implicates the government and concerned institutions to derive policies such as social security funds and other schemes for teachers to fortify their economic condition during abnormal situations.