bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and severity of verbal, physical, and sexual inpatient violence against nurses in Swiss psychiatric hospitals and associated nurse‐related characteristics: Cross‐sectional multicentre study
Authors: Schlup Nanja , Gehri Beatrice , Simon Michael 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis analysis (1) describes the prevalence and severity of psychiatric inpatient violence against nurses in Switzerland’s German‐speaking region and (2) investigates the associations between nurse‐related characteristics (socio‐demographics; previous exposure to severe forms of psychiatric inpatient violence; attitude towards psychiatric inpatient violence) and nurses’ exposure to various types of psychiatric inpatient violence. We used cross‐sectional survey data from the MatchRN Psychiatry study sample of 1128 nurses working on 115 units across 13 psychiatric hospitals. In addition to lifetime severe assaults, nurses’ exposure to violence against property, verbal violence, verbal sexual violence, physical violence, and physical sexual violence was assessed for the 30 days prior to the survey. Descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage) were calculated for each class of violence as also for items under study. With generalized linear mixed models, odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Of nurse respondents, 73% reported facing verbal violence, 63% violence against property, 40% verbal sexual violence, 28% physical violence, and 14% physical sexual violence. Almost 30% had been subjected to a serious assault in their professional lifetimes. All nurse characteristics were associated with psychiatric inpatient violence against nurses, especially a history of sexual assault (OR 4.53, 95%‐CI 2.19–9.34; P = 0.00) and ≤3 years’ professional experience (OR 3.70, 95%‐CI 1.95–7.02; P = 0.00). Prevalence data suggest that widely used strategies such as aggression management courses or alarm devices cannot fully reduce patient violence against nurses in psychiatry. This situation demands proactive strategies in safety and violence prevention.
Biochemical variability in sponges across the Caribbean basin
Authors: Clayshulte Abraham Amelia , Gochfeld Deborah J. , Macartney Keir , Mellor Amelia , Lesser Michael P. , Slattery Marc 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSponges are a diverse phylum of sessile filter‐feeding invertebrates that are abundant on Caribbean reefs and provide essential ecological services, including nutrient cycling, reef stabilization, habitat, and food for a variety of fishes and invertebrates. As prominent members of the benthic community, and thus potential food resources, factors determining the biochemical and energetic content of sponges will affect their trophic contributions to coral reef ecosystems. In order to evaluate the influence of geographic variation on biochemical composition and energetic content in the tissue of sponges, we collected several common and widespread species (Agelas conifera, Agelas tubulata, Amphimedon compressa, Aplysina cauliformis, Niphates amorpha, Niphates erecta, and Xestospongia muta) from multiple shallow reefs in four countries across the Caribbean Basin, including Belize, Curaçao, Grand Cayman, and St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. In addition, we correlated inherent species‐level traits, including the production of antipredator chemical defenses and the relative abundance of microbial symbionts, with biochemical and energetic content. We found that energetic content was higher in sponges with antipredator chemical defenses, and was significantly correlated with the concentration of chemical extracts from these sponges. We also noted that sponges with high microbial abundance contained significantly more soluble protein than sponges with low microbial abundance. Finally, both biochemical and energetic content varied significantly among sponges from different locations; sponges from Grand Cayman had the highest lipid and energetic content, whereas sponges from Belize had the highest carbohydrate content but lowest energetic content. Despite similar environmental conditions at these sites, our results demonstrate that biochemical and energetic content of sponges exhibits geographic variability, with potential implications for the trophic ecology of sponges throughout the Caribbean Basin.
Knowledge and practice of diabetic foot care and the prevalence of diabetic foot ulcers among diabetic patients of selected hospitals in the Volta Region, Ghana
Authors: Tuglo Lawrence Sena , Nyande Felix Kwasi , Agordoh Percival Delali , Nartey Eunice Berko , Pan Zhongqin , Logosu Lydia , Dei‐Hlorlewu Atsu Eyram , Haligah Desire Koku , Osafo Linda , Taful Simon , Chu Minjie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDiabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a common but serious complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). The factors distressing the worth of diabetic foot care (DFC) are knowledge and practice. Foot ulcers are the main cause of amputation and death in people suffering from DM. This study assessed the knowledge and practice of DFC and the prevalence of DFUs and its associated factors among diabetic patients of selected hospitals in the Volta Region, Ghana. A multihospital‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted among 473 patients with DM who were recruited using the systematic sampling method. Data were collected using a validated, pretested, and structured questionnaire, while medical variables were obtained from patient folders and analysed using SPSS version 23. All statistically significant parameters in bivariate analysis were incorporated in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. The results showed that 63% of diabetic patients had good knowledge of DFC, while 49% competently practiced it. A negative correlation was found between knowledge and practice levels of DFC (r = −0.15, P = <.01). The prevalence of DFUs was 8.7% among the studied diabetic patients. Male diabetic patients were 3.4 times more likely to develop DFUs than female diabetic patients (crude odd ratio [cOR] = 3.35; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.75‐6.43; P = <.001). Type 1 diabetic patients were five times more likely to develop DFUs than those who had type 2 diabetes (cOR = 5.00; 95% CI = 2.50‐10.00; P = <.001). Diabetic patients who had a family history of diabetes were 4.7 times more likely to develop DFUs than those without family history (adjusted odd ratio [aOR] = 4.66; 95% CI = 1.55‐13.89; P = .006). Those who had diabetes for 5 to 10 years were 3.3 times more likely to develop DFUs than those who had diabetes for less than 5 years (aOR = 3.28; 95% CI = 1.40‐7.67; P = .006). Diabetic patients who had comorbidity were 3.4 times more likely to develop DFUs than those without comorbidity (cOR = 3.35; 95% CI = 1.74‐6.45; P = <.001). The study found that there was good knowledge but poor practices of DFC among patients. Health care providers are expected to better educate patients and emphasise self‐care practices to patients. Health care providers should also give more attention to patients with associated risk factors to avoid further complications and reduce the occurrence of DFUs.
Conduction properties of Ti‐doped NaTaO3 at intermediate temperature
Authors: Chen Ximu , Hatada Naoyuki , Toyoura Kazuaki , Uda Tetsuya 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this work, the ionic conductivity and charge carriers of acceptor‐doped sodium tantalate (NaTaO3) with perovskite structure were investigated at intermediate temperatures. The Ta‐site of NaTaO3 was doped with up to 20% titanium (Ti) with the conventional solid‐state reaction method. After calcination at 900°C, samples nominally doped with 5, 10% Ti show X‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of orthorhombic NaTaO3 only, while peaks of Na2Ti3O7 can be observed in those doped with 15, 20% Ti. The conductivity of undoped, 5% Ti and 10% Ti‐doped NaTaO3 at 300°C–700°C was measured with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) under dry and wet O2 atmospheres. Ti‐doped NaTaO3 samples have higher conductivity in the wet atmosphere than in the dry atmosphere, reaching 3 × 10−4 S/cm at 700°C (10% Ti‐doped NaTaO3), which confirms the hydration and proton conduction in Ti‐doped NaTaO3. Through the investigation on the dependence of conductivity on oxygen partial pressure, hole conduction in an oxidizing atmosphere, and electron conduction in reducing atmosphere can be verified. Na+ conduction was proven to be negligible with direct current polarization.
A method of information fusion for identification of rice seed varieties based on hyperspectral imaging technology
Authors: Sun Jun , Zhang Lin , Zhou Xin , Yao Kunshan , Tian Yan , Nirere Adria 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAccurate, rapid, and nondestructive identification of rice seed varieties has great significance for agriculture and food security, a method based on information fusion and artificial fish swarm algorithm (AFSA) combined with the hyperspectral imaging (HSI) of five kinds of rice seeds was proposed in this work. First, the spectral and image data were obtained from HSI, and the spectral data were preprocessed by detrending. Then, bootstrapping soft shrinkage (BOSS), variable iterative space shrinkage approach, successive projections algorithm, and principal component analysis were adopted to select feature variables from the spectral and image data. Next, the support vector machine (SVM) model was constructed based on the spectral and image feature variables. In order to further improve the classification accuracy of single feature model, the model based on fused feature was developed and it was finally optimized by AFSA. The research showed that the feature variables (114 spectral variables and 11 image variables) selected by BOSS were representative, and the model accuracy based on BOSS spectral and image features reached 91.48% and 70%, respectively. The performance of the SVM model based on fused feature was improved significantly, and the model accuracy reached 97.22%. After AFSA optimization, the model accuracy finally reached 99.44%. The above result confirmed that using AFSA to optimize the model based on fused feature could be a promising method to identify rice seed varieties.Practical applicationRapid and accurate identification of rice seed varieties contributes to establishment of online rice seed identification system. HSI combined with information fusion and AFSA can overcome the disadvantage of low accuracy of traditional nondestructive testing methods. The method proposed in this article can be recommended to be widely popularized in farms, grain markets, and market regulators.
Development of an efficient plant dual cytosine and adenine editor
Authors: Xu Rongfang , Kong Fanna , Qin Ruiying , Li Juan , Liu Xiaoshuang , Wei Pengcheng 
Published: July 2021

SummaryAn enhanced CDA‐like (eCDAL) was established from Japanese lamprey CDA1‐like 4 to achieve a high editing frequency in a broad region as a C‐terminal cytosine base editors (CT‐CBE). Then, a novel plant dual‐base editor version 1(pDuBE1) was developed by integrating TadA‐8e into eCDAL. The editing efficiency of pDuBE1 could reach to 87.6%, with frequencies of concurrent A‐to‐G and C‐to‐T conversions as high as 49.7% in stably transformed plant cells. Our results showed that pDuBE1 could mediate robust dual editing in plant genome, providing a powerful manipulation tool for precise crop breeding and screening platforms for in planta direct evolution.
Comparison of lipid deposition of intramuscular preadipocytes in Tan sheep co‐cultured with satellite cells or alone
Authors: Xu Xiaochun , Zhao Rui , Ma Wenping , Zhao Qingmei , Zhang Guijie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the skeletal muscle satellite cells (SMSCs) on the lipid deposition of the intramuscular preadipocytes (IMPs) in a co‐culture system of the Tan sheep cells. The SMSCs and IMPs from Tan sheep were separated and cultured. After the two kinds of cells were separated and cultured, they were inoculated onto a transwell cell chamber co‐culture plate for co‐cultivation. When the cell density reached more than 90%, the cells were induced to differentiate. After the induction of the SMSCs differentiation for 8 days, the level of the IMPs differentiation and the expression levels of the differentiation marker genes and the key enzymes of the lipid metabolism were assessed. The results showed that the number and area of the lipid droplets in the IMPs in the co‐culture system were significantly reduced compared to those in the IMPs culture alone (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the expression levels of the PPARγ, c/EBPα, ACC, FAS mRNA in the IMPs were significantly decreased (p < 0.05); the expression level of aP2 mRNA was decreased, but the difference was not significant (p > 0.05).These findings indicate that the SMSCs of the Tan sheep in the co‐culture system inhibited the lipid deposition by the IMPs.
Willingness to pay for accommodating job attributes when returning to work after cancer treatment: A discrete choice experiment with Danish breast cancer survivors
Authors: Kollerup Anna , Ladenburg Jacob 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThrough a unique combination of Danish administrative data and a discrete choice experiment, we estimate 30‐ to 60‐year‐old breast cancer survivors' willingness to pay for accommodating job attributes when they return to work after cancer treatment. We find that breast cancer survivors are willing to accept a wage reduction in return for receiving psychological help and to work fewer hours in the first 18 months after returning to work. This clearly emphasizes the relevance of accommodating breast cancer survivors to ease their return to work and to retain the survivors in employment. Furthermore, we identify preference heterogeneity across age groups, income levels, job types and ability to work. This highlights the importance of communication between employers and breast cancer survivors in order to accommodate individual needs, and it suggests cafeteria‐style accommodation plans where cancer survivors are able to choose between different accommodating elements within a predefined budget.
Writing from Multiple Source Texts: SRSD for Fifth Grade Learners in Inclusive Settings
Authors: FitzPatrick Erin R. , McKeown Debra 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWriting is an essential academic skill that proves challenging for many learners both with and without diagnosed learning disabilities. In this multiple probe across participants study, a fifth‐grade special educator in an inclusive setting implemented Self‐regulated Strategy Development for the informational genre. Eight Black students participated—five had IEPs, three were referred by teachers. Research questions explored fidelity of SRSD instruction following practice‐based professional development; social validity; and the impact on writing outcomes including genre elements, length, holistic quality, strategy use, and academic vocabulary. The teacher implemented SRSD with high fidelity. All writing outcomes increased following intervention. Instances of copying text directly from sources decreased. Both teacher and students rated SRSD high on measures of social validity.
Loss function of Bcr mutation causes gastrointestinal dysmotility and brain developmental defects
Authors: Xiao Yongtao , Sun Yu , Lu Ying , Du Jun , Tian Xinbei , Cai Wei , Wang Ying 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe breakpoint cluster region (BCR) is a protein that originally forms a fusion protein with c‐Abl tyrosine kinase and induces leukemia. Researchers have shown that BCR is enriched in the central nervous system and may contribute to neurological disorders. We aimed to investigate the physiological function of BCR in neural development in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and brain.MethodsWhole‐exome sequencing was used to screen for mutations in the BCR. Bcr knockout mice (Bcr−/−, ΔExon 2–22) were generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Transit of carmine red dye and glass bead expulsion assays were used to record total and proximal GI transit and distal colonic transit.Key ResultsIn an infant with pediatric intestinal pseudo‐obstruction, we found a heterozygous de novo mutation (NM_004327.3:c.3072+1G>A) in BCR. Bcr deficiency mice (Bcr−/−) exhibited growth retardation and impaired gastrointestinal motility. Bcr−/− mice had a prolonged average total GI transit time with increased distal colonic transit and proximal GI transit in isolation. Morphology analysis indicated that Bcr−/− mice had a less number of neurons in the submucosal plexus and myenteric plexus. Bcr−/− mice exhibited apparent structural defects in the brain, particularly in the cortex. Additionally, Bcr− depletion in the mouse cortex altered the expression of Ras homologous (Rho) family small GTPases.Conclusions and InferencesBCR mutations are associated with intestinal obstruction in children. Loss of Bcr can cause intestinal dysmotility and brain developmental defects may via regulation of Rho GTPases.
Is beauty more than skin deep? Attractiveness, power, and nonverbal presence in evaluations of hirability
Authors: Tu Min‐Hsuan , Gilbert Elisabeth K. , Bono Joyce E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIt turns out that being good‐looking really does pay off: decades of research have shown that attractive individuals are more likely to get ahead in their careers. Although prior research has suggested that bias on the part of evaluators is the source of attractive individuals’ favorable career outcomes, there is also evidence that these individuals may be socialized to behave and perceive themselves differently from others in ways that contribute to their success. Building on socialization research and studies on nonverbal power cues, we examined nonverbal communication in individuals with varying degrees of physical attractiveness. In two experimental studies with data from 300 video interview pitches, we found that attractive individuals had a greater sense of power than their less
attractive counterparts and thus exhibited a more effective nonverbal presence, which led to higher managerial ratings of their hirability. However, we also identified a potential means for leveling this gap. Adopting a powerful posture was found to be especially beneficial for individuals rated low in attractiveness, enabling them to achieve the same level of effective nonverbal presence as their highly attractive counterparts naturally displayed. Our research sheds new light on the source of attractive individuals’ success and suggests a possible remedy for individuals who lack an appearance advantage.
Skeletal EWSR1‐NFATC2 sarcoma previously diagnosed as Ewing‐like adamantinoma: A case report and literature review emphasizing its unique radiological features
Authors: Makise Naohiro , Yoshida Ken‐Ichi , Iijima Takuo , Yoshida Akihiko , Ushiku Tetsuo , Ishida Tsuyoshi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEwing‐like adamantinoma (EAD) is a rare bone tumor. It remains unclear whether EAD belongs to adamantinoma, Ewing sarcoma (ES), or an independent category. Herein, we present a case of femoral sarcoma previously diagnosed as EAD in a 26‐year‐old woman. We observed amplified EWSR1 and NFATC2 fusion signals using fluorescence in situ hybridization. Prompted by its unique radiological features, we reviewed the current literature on skeletal EWSR1‐NFATC2 sarcoma (ENS) and EAD. In addition to the similar histological features, we found that both ENS and EAD displayed similar characteristic radiological features, such as the tendency to occur in the diaphysis of long bones, cortical expansion and buttressing‐type thickening, and bone surface involvement with saucer‐like erosion without cortical destruction. We believe that these unique radiological features were related to its indolent behavior. Altogether, it is possible that previously reported EAD cases may be neither ES nor the classic adamantinoma but ENS. Further studies are needed to clarify the relationship between EAD and ENS.
Disentangling effects of expectancy, accuracy, and empathy on the processing of observed actions
Authors: Albrecht Christine , Bellebaum Christian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA number of studies suggest that event‐related potential (ERP) components previously associated with error processing might represent expectation violation instead of valence. When observing others, these processes might further be modulated by trait empathy. We suggest that trait empathy modulates expectancy formation and that these expectancies then influence observed response processing as reflected in a frontocentral negative ERP component resembling the previously described observer error‐related negativity. We acquired single trial ERPs of participants who observed another person in a true‐ or false‐belief condition answering correctly or erroneously. Additionally, we prompted participants' expectancy in some trials. Using linear mixed model analyses, we found that for low empathy participants, expectations for the false‐belief condition decreased throughout the experiment, so that expectations were more pronounced in participants with higher empathy toward the end of the experiment. We also found that single trial expectancy measures derived from regression models of the measured expectancies predicted the amplitude of the frontocentral negative ERP component, and that neither the addition of empathy nor accuracy or trial type (true‐ or false‐belief) led to the explanation of significantly more variance compared with the model just containing expectancy as predictor. These results suggest that empathy modulates the processing of observed responses indirectly via its effect on expectancy of the response.
The affective benefits of nature exposure
Authors: Bratman Gregory N. , Olvera‐Alvarez Hector A. , Gross James J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMounting evidence demonstrates that nature exposure can have affective benefits. These include behavioral and psychophysiological responses consistent with (a) decreases in stress and negative affect; and (b) increases in subjective well‐being and positive affect. What is less clear, however, is what mechanisms are responsible for these effects. In this article, we examine the evidence for affective impacts of nature exposure, consider underlying mechanisms (with a focus on affect regulation), and discuss what might moderate these effects at the individual and population level. We end by pointing to future research directions and practical applications. This includes investigations into the range of effects and duration of their impact, harnessing knowledge about temporal dynamics for insights into causal mechanisms, broadening the discussions around moderators and effect modifications to include diverse perspectives on the relationship between nature exposure and psychological well‐being, and integrating findings into existing frameworks from public health.
Prehistory of Verbal Markers in Hmong: What Can We Say?*
Authors: White Nathan M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHistorical reconstruction of verbal modification in the Hmong‐Mien family remains largely untouched in the literature. The current work explores, in light of comparative data and fieldwork, the history of four verbal markers in Laotian Hmong: 1)ʃi55–/ʃi22–‘associative‐reciprocal’, 2)ti55–/tɵɐ̯55–‘single, only’, 3)ʈʂɑ̤͡ɵ̤42/t͡ʃɑ̤͡ɵ̤42‘pseudo‐passive’, and 4)tɑ͡ɵ22/tɑ̤͡ɵ̤42‘be physically able’. The verbal markerʃi55–/ʃi22–likely appeared in Proto‐Hmongic with a reciprocal meaning, whileti55–/tɵɐ̯55–is reconstructible to Proto‐Far Western Hmongic as an adverbial marker. The formʈʂɑ̤͡ɵ̤42/t͡ʃɑ̤͡ɵ̤42originates in a primary verb in Proto‐Hmongic, and later developed into a pseudo‐passive marker and copula. Finally,tɑ͡ɵ22/tɑ̤͡ɵ̤42is reconstructible to Proto‐Far Western Hmongic as a verb meaning ‘(be) strong, physically able’ that also marked ability to perform an action. This chapter should be of interest not only to Hmong‐Mienists and those working in Southeast Asia, but also to those developing working methodologies for language families lacking a long written history.