bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacologic interventions for antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of trials using the Arizona sexual experience scale
Authors: Luft Marissa J. , Dobson Eric T. , Levine Amir , Croarkin Paul E. , Strawn Jeffrey R. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Despite the prevalence of antidepressant-related sexual side effects, comparisons of treatments for these problematic side effects are lacking.

Methods
To address this, we performed a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis to compare interventions for antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction in adults. Using PubMed and clinicaltrials.gov, we identified published and unpublished prospective treatment trials from 1985 to September 2020 (primary outcome: the Arizona sexual experience scale [ASEX] score). The quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation framework.

Results
We identified 57 citations (27 randomized controlled trials, 66 treatment arms, 27 open-label trials, and 3 crossover trials) that evaluated 33 interventions (3108 patients). In the systematic review, 44% (25/57) of trials reported successful interventions; this was more common in open-label (70%, 19/27) compared to placebo-controlled studies (22%, 6/27). In the meta-analysis of placebo-controlled studies that used the ASEX (N = 8), pycnogenol was superior to placebo (standardized mean difference: −1.8, 95% credible interval [CrI]: [−3.7 to 0.0]) and there was evidence that, at a 6% threshold, sildenafil improved sexual dysfunction (standardized mean difference: −1.2, 95% CrI [−2.5 to 0.1]). In the meta-analysis including single-arm studies (15 studies), treatment response was more common with sildenafil, tianeptine, maca, tiagabine, and mirtazapine compared to placebo, but these differences failed to reach statistical significance.

Conclusions
While heterogeneity across randomized controlled trials complicates identifying the single best intervention, multiple trials suggest that sildenafil ameliorates antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction. More randomized controlled trials are needed to examine the putative efficacy of other interventions.
In (deficit) schizophrenia, a general cognitive decline partly mediates the effects of neuro-immune and neuro-oxidative toxicity on the symptomatome and quality of life
Authors: Maes Michael , Kanchanatawan Buranee 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundSchizophrenia and deficit schizophrenia are accompanied by neurocognitive impairments. The aim of this study was to examine whether a general factor underpins impairments in key Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) probes, verbal fluency test (VFT), world list memory (WLM), True Recall, and mini mental state examination (MMSE).MethodsWe recruited 80 patients with schizophrenia and 40 healthy controls. All patients were assessed using CANTAB tests, namely paired-association learning, rapid visual information processing, spatial working memory, one touch stockings of Cambridge, intra/extradimensional set-shifting (IED), and emotional recognition test.ResultsWe found that a general factor, which is essentially unidimensional, underlies those CANTAB, VFT, WLM, True Recall, and MMSE scores. This common factor shows excellent psychometric properties and fits a reflective model and, therefore, reflects a general cognitive decline (G-CoDe) comprising deficits in semantic and episodic memory, recall, executive functions, strategy use, rule acquisition, visual sustained attention, attentional set-shifting, and emotional recognition. Partial least squares analysis showed that 40.5% of the variance in G-CoDe is explained by C-C motif ligand 11, IgA to tryptophan catabolites, and increased oxidative toxicity, and that G-CoDe explains 44.8% of the variance in a general factor extracted from psychosis, hostility, excitation, mannerism, negative symptoms, formal thought disorders, and psychomotor retardation, and 40.9% in quality-of-life scores. The G-CoDe is significantly greater in deficit than in nondeficit schizophrenia.ConclusionsA common core shared by a multitude of neurocognitive impairments (G-CoDe) mediates the effects of neurotoxic pathways on the phenome of (deficit) schizophrenia.
Determinants of uptake and strategies to improve agricultural insurance in Africa: a review
Authors: Nshakira-Rukundo Emmanuel , Kamau Juliet Wanjiku , Baumüller Heike 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWeather shocks affect smallholder farmers and pastoralists in Sub-Saharan Africa unequally. Agricultural insurance has emerged as a safety net option to protect farmers’ welfare. However, in comparison to other regions, fewer African farmers and pastoralists have adopted agricultural insurance. This review synthesises broad recent literature on why insurance take-up has remained low and highlights six key themes, including: (1) product quality, (2) product design, (3) affordability, (4) information and education, (5) behavioural and sociocultural factors, and (6) the role of government in enabling markets. We shed light on how insurance uptake can be encouraged.
Phonological transfer effects in novice learners: A learner's brain detects grammar errors only if the language sounds familiar
Authors: Gosselke Berthelsen Sabine , Horne Merle , Shtyrov Yury , Roll Mikael 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMany aspects of a new language, including grammar rules, can be acquired and accessed within minutes. In the present study, we investigate how initial learners respond when the rules of a novel language are not adhered to. Through spoken word-picture association-learning, tonal and non-tonal speakers were taught artificial words. Along with lexicosemantic content expressed by consonants, the words contained grammatical properties embedded in vowels and tones. Pictures that were mismatched with any of the words’ phonological cues elicited an N400 in tonal learners. Non-tonal learners only produced an N400 when the mismatch was based on a word's vowel or consonants, not the tone. The emergence of the N400 might indicate that error processing in L2 learners (unlike canonical processing) does not initially differentiate between grammar and semantics. Importantly, only errors based on familiar phonological cues evoked a mismatch-related response, highlighting the importance of phonological transfer in initial second language acquisition.
Assessing nutritional value of ready-to-eat breakfast cereals in the province of Quebec (Canada): a study from the Food Quality Observatory
Authors: Perron Julie , Pomerleau Sonia , Gagnon Pierre , Gilbert-Moreau Joséane , Lemieux Simone , Plante Céline , Paquette Marie-Claude , Labonté Marie-Ève , Provencher Véronique 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjective:The Food Quality Observatory was created in the province of Quebec (Canada) in 2016. In this study, the Observatory aimed to generate a methodology to (1) test the use of sales data combined with nutrient values to characterise the nutritional composition of ready-to-eat (RTE) breakfast cereals offered and purchased in the province of Quebec (Canada) and (2) verify the extent to which a front-of-pack label based on the percentage of daily value (DV) for total sugar, as a strategy to improve the food supply, would be distributed in this food category.Design:Nutritional information were obtained by purchasing each RTE breakfast cereal available in the Greater Montreal area. Cereals were then classified according to their processing type.Setting:The nutritional values of 331 RTE breakfast cereals available in Quebec were merged with sales data covering the period between May 2016 and May 2017. A total of 306 products were successfully cross-referenced.Results:Granola and sweetened cereals were the most available (36·6 % and 19·6 %, respectively) and purchased (19·8 % and 40·9 % of sales, respectively). When compared with other types of cereals, granola cereals had a higher energy, fat, saturated fat, protein content and a lower Na content. A larger proportion of chocolate (65 %) and sweetened cereals (49 %) were above 15 % of the DV for sugar.Conclusions:This study showed that the methodology developed generates important data to monitor nutritional quality of the food supply and ultimately contribute to improve the nutritional quality of processed foods.
Household structure and concurrent stunting and overweight among young children in Indonesia
Authors: Ciptanurani Ceria , Chen Hsin-Jen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjective:To examine the association of household type and household composition with concurrent stunting and overweight in young children from urban and rural Indonesia.Design:This study is a secondary data analysis using a nationally representative cross-sectional survey. Household structure was analysed as household type, household size, number of working adults, number of dependent adults and children, and household head’s gender. We defined ‘concurrent stunting and overweight’ as height-for-age Z-score <–2 and weight-for-height Z-score >+2 based on WHO growth standards. Multivariable logistic regression to test the aforementioned association was performed separately for urban and rural areas.Setting:Data were from Indonesia Basic Heath Research 2013.Participants:Children aged 2–5 years (n 45 050).Results:The prevalence of concurrent stunting and overweight children was 5·6 %. In rural areas, this prevalence differed significantly by household types and the highest prevalence was among children in nuclear two-parent households (6·8 %). In rural areas, children in extended households had lower odds of concurrent stunting and overweight than those from nuclear households (OR = 0·73, 95 % CI 0·59, 0·92). In urban areas, household size and number of working adults were significantly associated with the decreased odds of concurrent stunting and overweight in children.Conclusions:Household structure was associated with children’s concurrent stunting and overweight in urban and rural regions of Indonesia. The patterns of the association might differ between urban and rural regions, but no significant interaction term was found.
Association between parental and offspring BMI: results from EPACI Portugal 2012
Authors: Nazareth Margarida , Pinto Elisabete , Severo Milton , Lopes Carla , Rêgo Carla 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjective:To assess the longitudinal association between parental BMI and offspring’s BMI, in EPACI Portugal 2012.Design:Longitudinal study with retrospective collection of children’s anthropometry data since birth. Children’s anthropometric data were gathered from individual child health bulletins, and parents’ anthropometrics were self-reported. Children’s and parents’ BMI were classified according to WHO cut-offs. Linear mixed models with random intercept and slope for age were applied to quantify the association between parental BMI and children BMIZ-score (zBMI).Setting:EPACI Portugal 2012.Participants:Representative sample from the Portuguese population (n2230) aged from 12 to 36 months.Results:58·9 % of the fathers and 35·6 % of the mothers were overweight (OW) or obese. Prevalence of infants who were, at least, at risk of OW increased from 17·0 % to 30·3 % since birth to 12 months. About half of the mothers with pre-pregnancy OW and obesity (OB) gained gestational weight above the recommendations. The children from mothers with gestational weight gain (GWG) below the recommendations showed a −0·15SDlower zBMI (95 % CI −0·23, −0·06) in early life, comparing with mothers within GWG recommendations. Children of obese mothers were more likely to present a higher zBMI (0·24SD, 95 % CI 0·13, 0·35) throughout the first months of life.Conclusions:A high prevalence of OW and OB was observed in Portuguese young adults and toddlers. Mothers’ pre-pregnancy BMI and insufficient GWG had a direct effect on offspring BMI. Early effective interventions are needed in order to prevent the transgenerational transmission of OB.
Radiation-induced nausea and vomiting: a clinical audit of prophylactic antiemetic use
Authors: Alden-Bennett Verity , Ball Bev , Nightingale Hannah , Bridge Pete 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroduction:Radiation-induced nausea and vomiting (RINV) is a common side effect of single fraction palliative radiotherapy. Patients experiencing RINV have significantly reduced quality of life and a prescription of prophylactic antiemetics, principally 5-HT3 antagonists, is recommended. There is a growing body of evidence relating to indications for this, but as yet there are no national guidelines.Methods:A retrospective audit aimed to determine the extent to which patients at high and moderate emetogenic risk receiving single fraction radiotherapy were prescribed prophylactic emetic medication in line with the current evidence base.Results:A total of 60 patients were included in the audit; of these patients, 50 were consented for the risk of nausea and/or vomiting. Prophylactic antiemetics were only prescribed to 28 (46·7%) of all audited patients. Out of the 50 patients who provided informed consent, only 24 (48%) were prescribed an antiemetic prior to their treatment.Conclusion:Antiemetic prescribing for single fraction patients at moderate to high emetogenic risk at a large regional centre is underutilised in relation to published evidence. Amended guidance and further audits are recommended to ensure that this patient group is best supported.
From converts to cooperation: Protestant internationalism, US missionaries and Indian Christians and ‘Professional’ social work between Boston and Bombay (c. 1920–1950)
Authors: Brunner Michael Phillipp 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe 1920s and 30s were a high phase of liberal missionary internationalism driven especially by American-led visions of the Social Gospel. As the missionary consensus shifted from proselytization to social concerns, the indigenization of missions and the role of the ‘younger churches’ outside of Europe and North America was brought into focus. This article shows how Protestant internationalism pursued a ‘Christian Sociology’ in dialogue with the field’s academic and professional form.Through the case study of settlement sociology and social work schemes by the American Marathi Mission (AMM) in Bombay, the article highlights the intricacies of applying internationalist visions in the field and asks how they were contested and shaped by local conditions and processes. Challenging a simplistic ‘secularization’ narrative, the article then argues that it was the liberal, anti-imperialist drive of the missionary discourse that eventually facilitated an American ‘professional imperialism’ in the development of secular social work in India. Adding local dynamics to the analysis of an internationalist discourse benefits the understanding of both Protestant internationalism and the genesis of Indian social work and shows the value of an integrated global micro-historical approach.
ESTAMOS DISTANCIADOS
Authors: Pattillo Mary , Rico Rosa Emilia Bermúdez , Guevara Ana María Mosquera 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA Black middle class has emerged in many Latin American countries. Yet given the fluidity of Black identity, it is unclear if socioeconomic gains will result in the consolidation of a Black middle-class group identity with a sense of political responsibility or purpose. In this article, we use qualitative interviews with twenty-two Black professionals in Cali, Colombia, plus a small convenience survey, to explore the following research questions: Does the intersection of being Black and middle class cohere into a group identity? If so, does it translate into a Black political consciousness? And if not, what are the obstacles? We find that while respondents individually identify with a Black middle-class label, they do not experience it as a group that feels symbolic bonds of attachment or acts in a coordinated or mutually cognizant manner. It is a category without shape or coherence. It is amorphous. There are four primary explanations for Black middle class amorphism: the absence of shared or positive markers of collective Black identity; a lack of organizational infrastructure; taboos against organizing along racial lines in the workplace; and a strong individualist ethos towards protecting opportunities and enhancing personal status. We situate our findings within the field of Black politics to discuss what might be lost or gained by this amorphism.
Fifty Year Trends in Global Ocean Heat Content Traced to Surface Heat Fluxes in the Sub‐Polar Ocean
Authors: Sohail Taimoor , Irving Damien B. , Zika Jan D. , Holmes Ryan M. , Church John A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe ocean has absorbed approximately 90% of the accumulated heat in the climate system since 1970. As global warming accelerates, understanding ocean heat content changes and tracing these to surface heat input is increasingly important. We introduce a novel framework by organizing the ocean into temperature‐percentiles from warmest to coldest, allowing us to trace ocean temperature changes to changes in surface fluxes and mixing. Applying this framework to observations and historical CMIP6 simulations, we find that 50 ± 6% of surface heat uptake between 1970 and 2014 is confined to isotherms in the coldest 90% of the ocean volume. These isotherms outcrop over only 23% of the ocean's surface area in the sub‐polar regions, implying a disproportionately large heat input per unit area. Additionally, a cooling bias in the CMIP6 models is traced to inaccurate sea surface temperatures and surface heat fluxes into the warmest 5%–20% of the ocean volume.
Seismological Structures on Bimodal Distribution of Deep Tectonic Tremor
Authors: Sawaki Yasunori , Ito Yoshihiro , Ohta Kazuaki , Shibutani Takuo , Iwata Tomotaka 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDeep tectonic tremors occur at the downdip extent of the seismogenic zone due to fluid processes. Beneath the northeastern Kii Peninsula, southwestern Japan, there is an along‐dip bimodal distribution of tremor. However, no constraint exists on the structures controlling that distribution. We extract detailed seismological structures from multi‐band receiver functions and evaluate conditional differences in the distribution. To achieve high resolution images along the plate interface, we utilize records of regional deep‐focus earthquakes from the Pacific slab. Cross‐section images show the subducting oceanic plate with depth‐dependent phases along the bimodal distribution, revealing a conspicuous plate interface at the updip portion and an inconspicuous interface below the mantle wedge at the downdip portion. This indicates that episodic tremors occur in the high pore‐fluid plate interface below the impermeable forearc crust, and that continual tremors occur at the permeable mantle wedge corner, owing to continuous fluid supply from the oceanic crust.
Modeling Interplanetary Expansion and Deformation of CMEs With ANTEATR‐PARADE: Relative Contribution of Different Forces
Authors: Kay C. , Nieves‐Chinchilla T. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCoronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) are key drivers of space weather activity but most predictions have been limited to the expected arrival time of a CME, rather than the internal properties that affect the severity of an impact. Many properties, such as the magnetic field density and mass density, follow conservation laws and vary systematically with changes in the size of a CME. We present ANTEATR‐PARADE, the newest version of the ANTEATR arrival time model, which now includes physics‐driven changes in the size and shape of both the CME's central axis and its cross section. Internal magnetic and thermal and external drag forces affect the acceleration of the CME in different directions, inducing asymmetries between the radial and perpendicular directions. These improvements should lead to more realistic CME velocities, both bulk and expansion, sizes and shapes, and internal properties. We present the model details, an initial illustration of the general behavior, and a study of the relative importance of the different forces. The model shows a pancaking of both the cross section and central axis of the CME so that their radial extent becomes smaller than their extent in the perpendicular direction. We find that the initial velocities, drag, any form of cross section expansion, and the precise form of thermal expansion have strong effects. The results are less sensitive to axial forces and the specific form of the cross section expansion.
Predicted Vulnerability of Carbon in Permafrost Peatlands With Future Climate Change and Permafrost Thaw in Western Canada
Authors: Treat Claire C. , Jones Miriam C. , Alder Jay , Sannel A. Britta K. , Camill Philip , Frolking Steve 
Published: April 2021

AbstractClimate warming in high‐latitude regions is thawing carbon‐rich permafrost soils, which can release carbon to the atmosphere and enhance climate warming. Using a coupled model of long‐term peatland dynamics (Holocene Peat Model, HPM‐Arctic), we quantify the potential loss of carbon with future climate warming for six sites with differing climates and permafrost histories in Northwestern Canada. We compared the net carbon balance at 2100 CE resulting from new productivity and the decomposition of active layer and newly thawed permafrost peats under RCP8.5 as a high‐end constraint. Modeled net carbon losses ranged from −3.0 kg C m−2 (net loss) to +0.1 kg C m−2 (net gain) between 2015 and 2100. Losses of newly thawed permafrost peat comprised 0.2%–25% (median: 1.6%) of “old” C loss, which were related to the residence time of peat in the active layer before being incorporated into the permafrost, peat temperature, and presence of permafrost. The largest C loss was from the permafrost‐free site, not from permafrost sites. C losses were greatest from depths of 0.2–1.0 m. New C added to the profile through net primary productivity between 2015 and 2100 offset ∼40% to >100% of old C losses across the sites. Differences between modeled active layer deepening and flooding following permafrost thaw resulted in very small differences in net C loss by 2100, illustrating the important role of present‐day conditions and permafrost aggradation history in controlling net C loss.
Game Theoretic Countermeasure Analysis for Multistatic Radars and Multiple Jammers
Authors: He Bin , Su Hongtao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRadar and jammer can be considered as two players in the countermeasure game of electronic warfare (EW). A game framework for joint beamforming and power allocation is investigated for multistatic radars and multiple jammers in this paper. Under a certain target detection criterion, the major aim of every radar is to reduce its power consumption and suppress various jammings. Conversely, the multi‐agent jammers determine their transmitting power strategies to interfere with the multistatic radar network, which is based on the transmitting power of the radars. According to the countermeasure game, both existence and uniqueness are strictly confirmed about the Nash Equilibrium (NE) of the proposed game. Besides, the receive beamformer weight vector can be obtained by minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR). And the corresponding transmit beamformer weight vector is also obtained. An algorithm for joint beamforming and power allocation is proposed, which is iteratively convergent. Finally, the convergence and validity for the proposed algorithm and the interference rejection capability of the multistatic radars are supported by the numerical results.