bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Pediatric Dog Bite Injuries at a Level 1 Trauma Center Over 10 Years
Authors: Reuter Muñoz Katherine D. , Powell Lauren E. , Andersen Emily S. , Nye Anthony D. , Powers Jeremy M. , Rhodes Jennifer , Pozez Andrea L. 
Published: June 2021

Background
Dog bite injuries cause significant preventable patient morbidity and health care expenditure in children. This study aimed to characterize the patient and healthcare burden related to pediatric dog bite injuries at a level 1 trauma center.

Methods
This is a retrospective review of 356 pediatric patients who presented to Virginia Commonwealth University Pediatric Emergency Department between July 2007 and August 2017 after sustaining dog bite injuries. Demographic information, injury details, management, outcomes, and financial information were analyzed.

Results
Most pediatric dog bite injuries afflicted male children (55.6%), ages 6 to 12 years (45.7%), by a household dog (36.2%). The most common offending breed was a pit bull or pit bull mix (53.0%). Infants and grade schoolers were more likely to sustain bites to the head/face (P = 0.001). Usual management consisted of primary repair (75.9%), whereas approximately 25% of the patients required advanced reconstructive techniques. Most patients healed uneventfully, but prolonged antibiotics, additional wound care, or procedures were necessary in 8.4% of the patients. Hospital charges per patient averaged US $8830.70 and tended to be higher in the younger age groups. Insurance status was statistically associated with use of conscious sedation, surgical consult placement, and surgical repair.

Conclusions
Although most pediatric dog bite injuries in this study healed uneventfully from primary management in the emergency department, 25% required additional interventions. Furthermore, patient care for these injuries was associated with significant but potentially avoidable personal and financial burden to families. Our data reflect a need for safety education on animal care, behavior, and interaction.
A Cross-sectional Study of Clinical COVID-19 Myocarditis: Differences in Biomarkers in Fulminant and Non-fulminant Cases
Authors: Wong Christopher , Mansoor Amtul , McGinn Thomas 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundCOVID-19 myocarditis is becoming increasingly appreciated as a complication of COVID-19. There are significant hurdles to formal diagnosis with endomyocardial biopsy or cardiac MRI whether by resource limitations, patient instability, or isolation precautions. Therefore, further exploratory analysis is needed to clinically define the characteristics and spectrum of severity of COVID-19 myocarditis.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to describe the clinical course, echocardiographic, and laboratory testing across suspected fulminant and non-fulminant clinically defined COVID-19 myocarditis.MethodsIn a cross-sectional observational study of 19 patients with clinically defined COVID-19 myocarditis, we report presenting symptoms, clinical course, laboratory findings, and echocardiographic results stratified by non-fulminant and fulminant myocarditis. Student t-test and univariate logistic regression are used to compare laboratory findings across fulminant and non-fulminant cases.FindingsAmong 19 patients, there was no prior history of coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, or heart failure; 21.1% of patients died; and 78.9% of cases required supplemental oxygen. A significantly higher geometric mean D-dimer and ferritin were observed in patients with fulminant compared to non-fulminant suspected myocarditis. 26.3% of cases had pericardial effusions. 10 out of the 16 with available echocardiographic data had normal left ventricular systolic function.ConclusionsIn this cross-sectional analysis, we provide a practical clinical depiction of patients with clinical COVID-19 myocarditis across fulminant and non-fulminant cases. Statistically significant elevations in inflammatory markers in fulminant versus non-fulminant cases generate hypothesis regarding the role of systemic inflammation in driving severity of COVID-19 myocarditis.
Comprehensive analysis of RNA-seq and whole genome sequencing data reveals no evidence for SARS-CoV-2 integrating into host genome
Authors: Chen Yu-Sheng , Lu Shuaiyao , Zhang Bing , Du Tingfu , Li Wen-Jie , Lei Meng , Zhou Yanan , Zhang Yong , Liu Penghui , Sun Yong-Qiao , Zhao Yong-Liang , Yang Ying , Peng Xiaozhong , Yang Yun-Gui 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSARS-CoV-2, as the causation of severe epidemic of COVID-19, is one kind of positive single-stranded RNA virus with high transmissibility. However, whether or not SARS-CoV-2 can integrate into host genome needs thorough investigation. Here, we performed both RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and whole genome sequencing on SARS-CoV-2 infected human and monkey cells, and investigated the presence of host-virus chimeric events. Through RNA-seq, we did detect the chimeric host-virus reads in the infected cells. But further analysis using mixed libraries of infected cells and uninfected zebrafish embryos demonstrated that these reads are falsely generated during library construction. In support, whole genome sequencing also didn’t identify the existence of chimeric reads in their corresponding regions. Therefore, the evidence for SARS-CoV-2’s integration into host genome is lacking.One-Sentence SummarySARS-CoV-2 does not integrate into host genome through whole genome sequencing.
Recognition and inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 by humoral innate immunity pattern recognition molecules
Authors: Stravalaci Matteo , Pagani Isabel , Paraboschi Elvezia Maria , Pedotti Mattia , Doni Andrea , Scavello Francesco , Mapelli Sarah N. , Sironi Marina , Varani Luca , Matkovic Milos , Cavalli Andrea , Cesana Daniela , Gallina Pierangela , Pedemonte Nicoletta , Capurro Valeria , Clementi Nicola , Mancini Nicasio , Invernizzi Pietro , Rappuoli Rino , Duga Stefano , Bottazzi Barbara , Uguccioni Mariagrazia , Asselta Rosanna , Vicenzi Elisa , Mantovani Alberto , Garlanda Cecilia 
Published: June 2021

SummaryThe humoral arm of innate immunity includes diverse molecules with antibody-like functions, some of which serve as disease severity biomarkers in COVID-19. The present study was designed to conduct a systematic investigation of the interaction of humoral fluid phase pattern recognition molecules (PRM) with SARS-CoV-2. Out of 10 PRM tested, the long pentraxin PTX3 and Mannose Binding Lectin (MBL) bound the viral Nucleoprotein and Spike, respectively. MBL bound trimeric Spike, including that of variants of concern, in a glycan- dependent way and inhibited SARS-CoV-2 in threein vitromodels. Moreover, upon binding to Spike, MBL activated the lectin pathway of complement activation. Genetic polymorphisms at the MBL locus were associated with disease severity. These results suggest that selected humoral fluid phase PRM can play an important role in resistance to, and pathogenesis of, COVID-19, a finding with translational implications.
Habitat percolation transition undermines sustainability in social-ecological agricultural systems
Authors: Paz Diego Bengochea , Henderson Kirsten , Loreau Michel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSteady increases in human population size and resource consumption are driving rampant agricultural expansion and intensification. Habitat loss caused by agriculture puts the integrity of ecosystems at risk, and threatens the persistence of human societies that rely on ecosystem services. We develop a spatially explicit model describing the coupled dynamics of an agricultural landscape and human population size to study the effect of different land-use management strategies, defined by agricultural clustering and intensification, on the sustainability of the social-ecological system. We show how agricultural expansion can cause natural habitat to undergo a percolation transition leading to abrupt habitat fragmentation that feedbacks on human’s decision making, aggravating landscape degradation. We found that agricultural intensification to spare land from conversion is a successful strategy only in highly natural landscapes, and that clustering agricultural land is the most effective measure to preserve large connected natural fragments, avoid severe fragmentation, and thus, enhance sustainability.
Analysis of microvascular thrombus mechanobiology with a novel particle-based model
Authors: Masalceva Anastasia A. , Kaneva Valeriia N. , Panteleev Mikhail A. , Ataullahanov Fazoil , Volpert Vitaly , Afanasyev Ilya , Nechipurenko Dmitry Yu. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPlatelet accumulation at the site of vascular injury is regulated by soluble platelet agonists, which induce various types of platelet responses, including integrin activation and granule secretion. The interplay between local biochemical cues, mechanical interactions between platelets and macroscopic thrombus dynamics is poorly understood.Here we describe a novel computational model of microvascular thrombus formation for detailed analysis of thrombus mechanics. Adopting a previously developed two-dimensional particle-based model focused on the thrombus shell formation, we revise it to introduce platelet agonists. Blood flow is simulated via computational fluid dynamics approach. In order to model soluble platelet activators, we apply Langevin dynamics to a large number of non-dimensional virtual particles. Taking advantage of the available data on platelet dense granule secretion kinetics, we model platelet degranulation as a stochastic agonist-dependent process.The new model qualitatively reproduces enhanced thrombus formation due to granule secretion in line with in vivo findings and provides a mechanism for thrombin confinement at the early stages of aggregate formation. Our calculations also predict that release of dense granules results in additional mechanical stabilization of the inner layers of the thrombus. Distribution of the inter-platelet forces throughout the aggregate reveals multiple weak spots in the outer regions of thrombus, which are expected to result in mechanical disruptions at the later stages of thrombus formation.
Inhibition of aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling promotes the terminal differentiation of human erythrocytes
Authors: Chen Yijin , Dong Yong , Lu Xulin , Li Wanjing , Zhang Yimeng , Mao Bin , Pan Xu , Li Xiaohong , Zhou Ya , An Quanming , Xie Fangxin , Wang Shihui , Xue Yuan , Cai Xinping , Lai Mowen , Zhou Qiongxiu , Yan Yan , Fu Ruohan , Wang Hong , Nakahata Tatsutoshi , An Xiuli , Shi Lihong , Zhang Yonggang , Ma Feng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) plays an important role during mammalian embryo development. Inhibition of AHR signaling promotes the development of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. AHR also regulates the functional maturation of blood cells, such as T cells and megakaryocytes. However, little is known about the role of AHR modulation during the development of erythroid cells. In this study, we used the AHR antagonist StemRegenin 1 (SR1) and the AHR agonist 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) during different stages of human erythropoiesis to elucidate the function of AHR. We found that antagonizing AHR signaling improved the production of human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived erythrocytes and enhanced erythroid terminal differentiation. RNA-sequencing showed that SR1 treatment of proerythroblasts upregulated the expression of erythrocyte differentiation-related genes and downregulated actin organization-associated genes. We found that SR1 promoted F-actin remodeling in terminally differentiated erythrocytes, favoring the maturation of the cytoskeleton and enucleation. We demonstrated that the effects of AHR inhibition on erythroid maturation resulted from an increase in F-actin remodeling. Our findings help uncover the mechanism for AHR-mediated human erythroid cell differentiation. We also provide a new approach toward the large-scale production of functionally mature hPSC-derived erythrocytes for use in translational applications.
Supreme emergencies and public accountability: the case of procurement in the UK during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Sian S. , Smyth Stewart 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to examine the changed nature of public accountability during a supreme emergency and explore how legal and auditing mechanisms have come to the fore, concluding that misappropriation of public monies is not an inevitable outcome.Design/methodology/approachThe paper explores an illustrative example, the UK government's procurement of personal protective equipment during the early stages of the Covid-19 pandemic.FindingsIn circumstances of a supreme emergency where parliamentary scrutiny and competitive contract tendering are suspended, other forms of public accountability come to the fore, with civil society actors becoming more evident.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper relies on illustrative examples based on the Westminster model of government. The study advanced the notion of deferred accountability and identifies areas for further study, potentially in different jurisdictions.Social implicationsThe paper highlights the need for a variety of active and engaged civil society actors.Originality/valueThe paper contributes an empirical case to how an account of government behaviour is established. The paper also contributes to a deeper understanding of the nature and role of legal and government audit accountability mechanisms.
Evaluation of open health data portals for COVID-19 from the perspective of the user experience
Authors: Wu Dan , Ma Le , Zhang Hui 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to construct an indicator framework for evaluating open health data portals from the perspective of user experience (UX) to reduce users’ learning costs, save their time and energy and strengthen the emotional connection with users, thereby encouraging them to actively use open health data.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses card sorting, Delphi and analytic hierarchy process to determine the weights of indicators for evaluating open health data portals. Then, this study uses a coding method to score, evaluate and compare the selection of more than 120 open health data portals supported by organizations in more than 100 countries or regions that are in the World's top confirmed cases of COVID-19 as released by the World Health Organization.

Findings
At present, open health data portals have shortcomings with regard to UX. Different types of open health data portals vary significantly in the dimensions of technical experience and functional experience, but the differences in the dimensions of aesthetic experience, emotional experience and content experience are not significant.

Originality/value
The constructed open health data portal evaluation indicator framework introduces users' actual application needs and proposes optimization suggestions for the portal to meet the needs of users to quickly obtain, reliable and accurate health data.
The impact of information security initiatives on supply chain robustness and performance: an empirical study
Authors: P.N. Sindhuja 
Published: June 2021

PurposeInformation security is an essential element in all business activities. The damage to businesses from information security breaches has become pervasive. The scope of information security has widened as information has become a critical supply chain asset, making it more important to protect the organization’s data. Today’s global supply chains rely upon the speedy and robust dissemination of information among supply chain partners. Hence, processing of accurate supply chain information is quintessential to ensure the robustness and performance of supply chains. An effective information security management (ISM) is deemed to ensure the robustness of supply chains. The purpose of the paper is to examine the impact of information security initiatives on supply chain robustness and performance.Design/methodology/approachBased on extant literature, a research model was developed and validated using a questionnaire survey instrument administered among information systems/information technology managers. Data collected were analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Further, to test the hypotheses and to fit the theoretical model, Structural equation modeling techniques were used.FindingsResults of this study indicated that information security initiatives are positively associated with supply chain robustness and performance. These initiatives are likely to enhance the robustness and performance of the supply chains.Originality/valueWith the advancements in internet technologies and capabilities as well as considering the dynamic environment of supply chains, this study is relevant in terms of the capability that an organization needs to acquire with regards to ISM. Benefiting from the resource dependency theory, information security initiatives could be considered as a critical resource having an influence on the internal and external environment of supply chains.
Vulnerability to COVID-19 unemployment in the Portuguese tourism and hospitality industry
Authors: Lopes Ana Sofia , Sargento Ana , Carreira Pedro 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to address the immediate effects of the COVID-19 crisis in the Portuguese tourism and hospitality industry by examining whether some specific characteristics make people more vulnerable or more immune to unemployment.

Design/methodology/approach
Using an extensive micro-level data set of personal and job-related attributes containing all unemployed individuals in the Portuguese tourism and hospitality industry, a logit model with 56,142 observations is estimated to assess how each characteristic contributed to the unemployment odds during the COVID-19 crisis (until the end-July 2020), relatively to the pre-COVID period.

Findings
The most vulnerable workers to COVID-19 unemployment seem to be older, less educated, less qualified, women and residents in regions with a higher concentration of people and tourism activity. Moreover, the COVID-19 crisis is generating a new type of unemployment by also affecting those who were never unemployed before, with more stable jobs and more motivated at work, while reducing voluntary disruptions.

Practical implications
Public effort should be made not only to increase workforce education but especially to reinforce job-specific skills. The COVID-19 crisis has broken traditional protective measures against unemployment and separated workers from their desired occupations, which justifies new and exceptional job preservation measures. Policy recommendations are given aiming at strengthening worker resilience and industry competitiveness in the most affected sub-sectors and regions.

Originality/value
This study extends the current understanding of worker vulnerability to economic downturns. Herein, this paper used a three-level approach (combining socio-demographic, work-related and regional factors), capturing the immediate effects of the COVID-19 crisis and focussing on the tourism and hospitality industry (the hardest-hit sector worldwide).
Analysis of barriers to circularity for agricultural cooperatives in the digitalization era
Authors: Ada Erhan , Sagnak Muhittin , Uzel Ruhan Askin , Balcıoğlu İrem 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThis study aims to propose a novel framework for barriers to circularity within cooperative supply chains. The barriers in the adoption and implementation of circular economy principles are examined within a framework.Design/methodology/approachFuzzy best-worst method is used to calculate the weights of barriers and identify the prioritization of barriers to circularity within cooperative supply chain.Findings“Insufficient implementation of circular economy laws” was found as the most important barrier, followed by “Lack of information”, “Ineffective recycling policies”, “Lack of awareness for circular economy”, “Remanufacturing is a labor-intensive procedure”, “Inconsistent price policies in sources and products”, “Lack of environmental management system”, “Cost of implementation for green activities” and “Lack of R&D capability” barriers, respectively.Research limitations/implicationsThe number of participant professionals limits the conclusions of the study and reaching more general conclusions. A comprehensive research can be conducted by the participation of a greater number of professionals.Originality/valueSeveral studies analyzed the barriers to circularity; however, to the best of the authors' knowledge, no study has been taken an approach for barriers to circularity for cooperatives or cooperative supply chains.
Antecedents and outcomes of supply chain security practices: the role of organizational security culture and supply chain disruption occurrence
Authors: Asamoah David , Nuertey Dorcas , Agyei-Owusu Benjamin , Acquah Ishmael Nanaba 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThe study examines organizational security culture as the driver of supply chain security (SCS) practices (information management security, facility management security and human resource security). Additionally, the study examines the minimization of occurrence of supply chain disruption as the outcome of SCS practices.Design/methodology/approachA research model grounded on the contingency theory and the dynamic capabilities theory was developed and tested using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Data was obtained from 110 manufacturing and service firms in Ghana.FindingsIt was revealed that organizational security culture has a positive and a significant impact on information management security, facility management security and human resource security as hypothesized. In addition, facility management security significantly minimized supply chain disruption occurrence as hypothesized but information management security and human resource security did not.Originality/valueTo the best of the researchers' knowledge, this is the first study that examines organizational security culture as the driver of SCS practices. Additionally, the study is novel in examining the interplay between organizational security culture, SCS practices and supply chain disruption.
Flow field characteristics of micro-scale textured surfaces of water-lubricated bearings using lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Jiao Chunxiao , Xu Jianghai , Zou Donglin , Ta Na , Rao Zhushi 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the flow field characteristics of the micro-scale textured bearing surfaces using the lattice Boltzmann method based on the microscopic dynamics of the fluid.

Design/methodology/approach
Considering the inertia effects and the micro-scale effects, the models of a single micro-scale texture unit cell with different shapes and different film thickness ratios are established. The influence of pressure difference between inlet and outlet of the unit cell on flow characteristics is studied.

Findings
The surface pressure distribution, flow patterns and pressure contours in the flow field are obtained. The results reveal that the pressure difference has a significant influence on the characteristics of the micro-textured flow field.

Originality/value
The results have certain guiding significance for further step investigation on microscopic lubrication mechanism of the water-lubricated polymer bearings.