bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organic nitrogen utilisation by an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus is mediated by specific soil bacteria and a protist
Authors: Rozmoš Martin , Bukovská Petra , Hršelová Hana , Kotianová Michala , Dudáš Martin , Gančarčíková Kateřina , Jansa Jan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi lack efficient exoenzymes to access organic nutrients directly. Nevertheless, the fungi often obtain and further channel to their host plants a significant share of nitrogen (N) and/or phosphorus from such resources, presumably via cooperation with other soil microorganisms. Because it is challenging to disentangle individual microbial players and processes in complex soil, we took a synthetic approach here to study 15N-labelled chitin (an organic N source) recycling via microbial loop in AM fungal hyphosphere. To this end, we employed a compartmented in vitro cultivation system and monoxenic culture of Rhizophagus irregularis associated with Cichorium intybus roots, various soil bacteria, and the protist Polysphondylium pallidum. We showed that upon presence of Paenibacillus sp. in its hyphosphere, the AM fungus (and associated plant roots) obtained several-fold larger quantities of N from the chitin than it did with any other bacteria, whether chitinolytic or not. Moreover, we demonstrated that adding P. pallidum to the hyphosphere with Paenibacillus sp. further increased by at least 65% the gain of N from the chitin by the AM fungus compared to the hyphosphere without protists. We thus directly demonstrate microbial interplay possibly involved in efficient organic N utilisation by AM fungal hyphae.
DNA metabarcoding reveals the dietary composition in the endangered black-faced spoonbill
Authors: Huang Pei-Yu , Poon Emily Shui Kei , Wong Anson Tsz Chun , So Ivy Wai Yan , Sung Yik-Hei , Sin Simon Yung Wa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractExtensive loss of natural wetlands caused by changes in land use largely diminishes the food resources essential for the survival of migratory waterbirds. Globally, the decline in waterbird populations in East Asia is the most serious, with 64% of these populations showing a decreasing trend. In this study, we applied DNA metabarcoding to examine the spatiotemporal variations and diversities in the dietary compositions of migratory waterbirds in a natural/artificial wetland complex in Asia. By investigating 110 fecal samples from the endangered black-faced spoonbill (Platalea minor) wintering in the wetland, our results show that P. minor had a broad dietary spectrum. The birds fed on at least 26 species in the classes Actinopterygii and Malacostraca, with Mugiliformes, Cichliformes, and Gobiiformes being the main taxa in their diets. Our results also demonstrated clear patterns of the spatiotemporal variations between the roosting groups and intraspecific variations between the individuals, which potentially reflect some of their feeding habits, and the probable usage of different habitat types in the wetland complex. Using high-throughput sequencing, we were able to elucidate the food resources that are critical to P. minor non-invasively, this method can also be used to provide invaluable information for the conservation of many other waterbird species.
Hemidiaphragmatic paralysis following costoclavicular versus supraclavicular brachial plexus block: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hong Boohwi , Lee Soomin , Oh Chahyun , Park Seyeon , Rhim Hyun , Jeong Kuhee , Chung Woosuk , Lee Sunyeul , Lim ChaeSeong , Shin Yong-Sup 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCostoclavicular brachial plexus block is emerging as a promising infraclavicular approach performed just below the clavicle. However, there are relatively little data regarding the hemidiaphragmatic paralysis (HDP) compared to the commonly performed supraclavicular block. We hypothesized that the incidence of HDP in costoclavicular block is lower than supraclavicular block like classical infraclavicular approach. Eighty patients were randomly assigned to ultrasound-guided supraclavicular (group S) or costoclavicular (group C) block with 25 mL of local anesthetics (1:1 mixture of 1% lidocaine and 0.75% ropivacaine). The primary outcome was the incidence of HDP, defined as less than 20% of fractional change in the diaphragm thickness on ultrasound M-mode. Also, pulmonary function test and chest radiograph were assessed before and after the surgery. The incidence of HDP was 4/35 (11.4%) in the group C and 19/40 (47.5%) in the group S (risk difference, − 36%; 95% CI − 54 to − 17%; P = 0.002). The mean (SD) change of DTF values were 30.3% (44.0) and 56.9% (39.3) in the group C and S, respectively (difference in means, − 26.6%; 95% CI − 45.8 to − 7.4%; P = 0.007). The pulmonary function was more preserved in group C than in group S. The determined diagnostic cut off value of the diaphragm elevation on chest radiograph was 29 mm. Despite the very contiguous location of the two approaches around the clavicle, costoclavicular block can significantly reduce the risk of HDP compared with supraclavicular block.
Microbiota composition and intestinal integrity remain unaltered after the inclusion of hydrolysed Nannochloropsis gaditana in Sparus aurata diet
Authors: Cerezo-Ortega I. M. , Di Zeo-Sánchez D. E. , García-Márquez J. , Ruiz-Jarabo I. , Sáez-Casado M. I. , Balebona M. C. , Moriñigo M. A. , Tapia-Paniagua S. T. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe use of lysed microalgae in the diet of carnivorous fish can increase the bioavailability of proteins and bioactive compounds, such as unsaturated fatty acids or vitamins in the digestive tract. These are essential molecules for the proper physiological development of fish in aquaculture. However, some antinutritional components and other undesirable molecules can be released from an excess of microalgae supplied, compromising the integrity of the intestine. The inclusion of small amounts of hydrolized microalgae in the fish diet can be a good strategy to avoid negative effects, improving the availability of beneficial compounds. Nannochloropsis gaditana is an interesting microalgae as it contains nutraceuticals. Previous studies reported beneficial effects after its inclusion in the diet of Sparus aurata, a widely cultured species in Europe and in all Mediterranean countries. However, administration of raw microalgae can produce intestinal inflammation, increased intestinal permeability, bacterial translocation and disturbance of digestion and absorption processes. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the intestinal microbiota and barrier stability of S. aurata fed with low inclusion (5%) hydrolysed N. gaditana. Intestinal microbiota was analyzed using Illumina MiSeq technology and libraries were constructed using variable regions V3–V4 of 16S rDNA molecules. Analysis were based in the identification, quantification and comparison of sequences. The predictive intestinal microbial functionality was analyzed with PICRUSt software. The results determined that the intestinal microbiota bacterial composition and the predictive intestinal microbiota functionality did not change statistically after the inclusion of N. gaditana on the diet. The study of gene expression showed that genes involved in intestinal permeability and integrity were not altered in fish treated with the experimental diet. The potential functionality and bacterial taxonomic composition of the intestinal microbiota, and the expression of integrity and permeability genes in the intestine of the carnivorous fish S. aurata were not affected by the inclusion of hydrolysed 5% N. gaditana microalgae.
Physiological responses of Agriophyllum squarrosum and Setaria viridis to drought and re-watering
Authors: Chen Juanli , Zhao Xueyong , Li Yuqiang , Luo Yongqing , Zhang Yaqiu , Liu Mei , Li Yan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDrought resistance of psammophyte determines survival and growth, but their responses to drought are not well understood. We conducted a pot experiment to study how physiological characteristics respond to drought and rehydration. We found that watering to 60–65% of field capacity (the control) provided more water than was required by Agriophyllum squarrosum and its leaves became yellow and slightly wilted. The total chlorophyll content and Fm (maximum fluorescence after dark adaptation) in control were lower than in the drought treatment, and both decreased after rehydration. With increasing drought duration and intensity, the relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll content, Fm, and the quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) of Setaria viridis decreased, but malondialdehyde and membrane permeability increased. During the late drought, the activities of three antioxidant enzymes in A. squarrosum increased to prevent membrane lipid peroxidation; for S. viridis, only peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities increased. After rehydration, RWC of both species increased, but Fv/Fm of A. squarrosum and Fm of S. viridis did not recover under severe drought. Our research illustrated that A. squarrosum is better adapted to arid environment than S. viridis, but the high soil moisture content is not conducive to normal growth of A. squarrosum.
Target modulation and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics translation of the BTK inhibitor poseltinib for model-informed phase II dose selection
Authors: Byun Joo-Yun , Koh Yi T. , Jang Sun Young , Witcher Jennifer W. , Chan Jason R. , Pustilnik Anna , Daniels Mark J. , Kim Young Hoon , Suh Kwee Hyun , Linnik Matthew D. , Lee Young-Mi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe selective Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor poseltinib has been shown to inhibit the BCR signal transduction pathway and cytokine production in B cells (Park et al.Arthritis Res. Ther.18, 91, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13075-016-0988-z, 2016). This study describes the translation of nonclinical research studies to a phase I clinical trial in healthy volunteers in which pharmacokinetics (PKs) and pharmacodynamics (PDs) were evaluated for dose determination. The BTK protein kinase inhibitory effects of poseltinib in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and in rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) were evaluated. High-dimensional phosphorylation analysis was conducted on human immune cells such as B cells, CD8 + memory cells, CD4 + memory cells, NK cells, neutrophils, and monocytes, to map the impact of poseltinib on BTK/PLC and AKT signaling pathways. PK and PD profiles were evaluated in a first-in-human study in healthy donors, and a PK/PD model was established based on BTK occupancy. Poseltinib bound to the BTK protein and modulated BTK phosphorylation in human PBMCs. High-dimensional phosphorylation analysis of 94 nodes showed that poseltinib had the highest impact on anti-IgM + CD40L stimulated B cells, however, lower impacts on anti-CD3/CD-28 stimulated T cells, IL-2 stimulated CD4 + T cells and NK cells, M-CSF stimulated monocytes, or LPS-induced granulocytes. In anti-IgM + CD40L stimulated B cells, poseltinib inhibited the phosphorylation of BTK, AKT, and PLCγ2. Moreover, poseltinib dose dependently improved arthritis disease severity in CIA rat model. In a clinical phase I trial for healthy volunteers, poseltinib exhibited dose-dependent and persistent BTK occupancy in PBMCs of all poseltinib-administrated patients in the study. More than 80% of BTK occupancy at 40 mg dosing was maintained for up to 48 h after the first dose. A first-in-human healthy volunteer study of poseltinib established target engagement with circulating BTK protein. Desirable PK and PD properties were observed, and a modeling approach was used for rational dose selection for subsequent trials. Poseltinib was confirmed as a potential BTK inhibitor for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.Trial registration: This article includes the results of a clinical intervention on human participants [NCT01765478].
Collagen-derived dipeptide Pro-Hyp administration accelerates muscle regenerative healing accompanied by less scarring after wounding on the abdominal wall in mice
Authors: Jimi Shiro , Koizumi Seiko , Sato Kenji , Miyazaki Motoyasu , Saparov Arman 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCollagens act as cellular scaffolds in extracellular matrixes, and their breakdown products may also have important biological functions. We hypothesize that collagen dipeptide Pro-Hyp induces favorable healing activities and examined the effects of Pro-Hyp administered via different routes on wound healing using our novel murine model, in which an advanced fibrosis-prone scar lesion was developed in the abdominal muscle wall under the skin. After excising a part of the abdominal wall, a free-drinking experiment was performed using solutions with casein (CS), high molecular weight collagen peptides (HP), and low molecular weight collagen peptides including Pro-Hyp and Hyp-Gly (LP), in addition to water (HO). On day 21 of the study, when compared to the HO and CS groups, muscle regeneration in the LP group was significantly advanced in the granulation tissue, which was associated with a decrease in fibrosis. To clarify the effects of Pro-Hyp, daily intraperitoneal administration of pure Pro-Hyp was performed. Pro-Hyp administration induced many myogenically differentiated cells, including myogenin-positive myoblasts and myoglobin-positive myocytes, to migrate in the granulation tissue, while scar tissue decreased. These results indicated that Pro-Hyp administration accelerates muscle regenerative healing accompanied by less scarring after wounding on the abdominal wall.
Presence of male mitochondria in somatic tissues and their functional importance at the whole animal level in the marine bivalve Arctica islandica
Authors: Dégletagne Cyril , Abele Doris , Glöckner Gernot , Alric Benjamin , Gruber Heike , Held Christoph 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMetazoans normally possess a single lineage of mitochondria inherited from the mother (♀-type mitochondria) while paternal mitochondria are absent or eliminated in fertilized eggs. In doubly uniparental inheritance (DUI), which is specific to the bivalve clade including the ocean quahog, Arctica islandica, ♂-type mitochondria are retained in male gonads and, in a few species, small proportions of ♂-type mitochondria co-exist with ♀-type in somatic tissues. To the best of our knowledge, we report, for the first time in metazoan, the natural occurrence of male and female individuals with exclusively ♂-type mitochondria in somatic tissues of the bivalve A. islandica. Mitochondrial genomes differ by ~5.5% at DNA sequence level. Exclusive presence of ♂-type mitochondria affects mitochondrial complexes partially encoded by mitochondrial genes and leads to a sharp drop in respiratory capacity. Through a combination of whole mitochondrial genome sequencing and molecular assays (gene presence and expression), we demonstrate that 1) 11% of individuals of an Icelandic population appear homoplasmic for ♂-type mitochondria in somatic tissues, 2) ♂-type mitochondrial genes are transcribed and 3) individuals with ♂-type mitochondria in somatic cells lose 30% of their wild-type respiratory capacity. This mitochondrial pattern in A. islandica is a special case of DUI, highlighted in individuals from both sexes with functional consequences at cellular and conceivably whole animal level.
Standing shock prevents propagation of sparks in supersonic explosive flows
Authors: von der Linden Jens , Kimblin Clare , McKenna Ian , Bagley Skyler , Li Hsiao-Chi , Houim Ryan , Kueny Christopher S. , Kuhl Allen , Grote Dave , Converse Mark , Vossen Caron E. J. , Stern Sönke , Cimarelli Corrado , Sears Jason 
Published: September 2021

AbstractVolcanic jet flows in explosive eruptions emit radio frequency signatures, indicative of their fluid dynamic and electrostatic conditions. The emissions originate from sparks supported by an electric field built up by the ejected charged volcanic particles. When shock-defined, low-pressure regions confine the sparks, the signatures may be limited to high-frequency content corresponding to the early components of the avalanche-streamer-leader hierarchy. Here, we image sparks and a standing shock together in a transient supersonic jet of micro-diamonds entrained in argon. Fluid dynamic and kinetic simulations of the experiment demonstrate that the observed sparks originate upstream of the standing shock. The sparks are initiated in the rarefaction region, and cut off at the shock, which would limit their radio frequency emissions to a tell-tale high-frequency regime. We show that sparks transmit an impression of the explosive flow, and open the way for novel instrumentation to diagnose currently inaccessible explosive phenomena.
Effect of Increased Daily Cochlear Implant Use on Auditory Perception in Adults
Authors: Holder Jourdan T. , Gifford René H. 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
Despite the recommendation for cochlear implant (CI) processor use during all waking hours, variability in average daily wear time remains high. Previous work has shown that objective wear time is significantly correlated with speech recognition outcomes. We aimed to investigate the causal link between daily wear time and speech recognition outcomes and assess one potential underlying mechanism, spectral processing, driving the causal link. We hypothesized that increased CI use would result in improved speech recognition via improved spectral processing.

Method
Twenty adult CI recipients completed two study visits. The baseline visit included auditory perception testing (speech recognition and spectral processing measures), questionnaire administration, and documentation of data logging from the CI software. Participants watched an educational video, and they were informed of the compensation schedule. Participants were then asked to increase their daily CI use over a 4-week period during everyday life. Baseline measures were reassessed following the 4-week period.

Results
Seventeen out of 20 participants increased their daily CI use. On average, participants’ speech recognition improved by 3.0, 2.4, and 7.0 percentage points per hour of increased average daily CI use for consonant–nucleus–consonant words, AzBio sentences, and AzBio sentences in noise, respectively. Questionnaire scores were similar between visits. Spectral processing showed significant improvement and accounted for a small amount of variance in the change in speech recognition values.

Conclusions
Improved consistency of processor use over a 4-week period yielded significant improvements in speech recognition scores. Though a significant factor, spectral processing is likely not the only mechanism driving improvement in speech recognition; further research is warranted.
Cross‐cultural analysis of the correlation between musical elements and emotion
Authors: Wang Xin , Wei Yujia , Yang Dasheng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn a cross‐cultural context, exploring musical elements' cultural specificity and universality that affect various types of music is conducive to personalised emotion recognition. In this study, high‐level musical elements are introduced to explore their influence on emotional perception. By comparing music emotion recognition (MER) models of varied cultural music, musical elements with cultural universality and cultural specificity are further determined. Participants rated valence, tension arousal, and energy arousal on labelled nine‐point analogical–categorical scales for four types of classical music: Chinese ensemble, Chinese solo, Western ensemble, and Western solo. Fifteen musical elements in five categories—timbre, rhythm, articulation, dynamics, and register were annotated through manual evaluation or the automatic algorithm. The relationship between music emotion and musical elements was analysed through partial least squares regression. Results showed that tempo, rhythm complexity, and articulation are culturally universal; musical elements related to timbre, register, and dynamics features are culturally specific. By increasing tempo, rhythm complexity, staccato, perception of valence, tension arousal, and energy arousal can be effectively improved. Based on the Partial least squares regression (PLSR) model's results for the datasets, the combination of manual and automatic annotation for musical elements can improve the MER system's performance.
Supply chain control towers: Technology push or market pull—An assessment tool
Authors: Patsavellas John , Kaur Rashmeet , Salonitis Konstantinos 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAs digital technology and connectivity advance rapidly, the premise of bringing supply chain (SC) visibility across multiple tiers of supply, whilst facilitating the velocity to achieve strategic business objectives, is gaining interest. The feasibility and timing for successful adoption and implementation of such technology depend primarily on the readiness level and specific needs of each organisation, making it imperative to exercise insightful judgement as it can be expensive to acquire, develop and master. This research study examines the market pull versus technology push components of the functionalities enabled by digital SC control towers and buildings on the outcome of an extensive survey and expert interviews and proposes an assessment tool to aid decision making for the consideration of their adoption.
3D MRI of the Hip Joint: Technical Considerations, Advantages, Applications, and Current Perspectives
Authors: Ashikyan Oganes , Wells Joel , Chhabra Avneesh 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a common choice among various imaging modalities for the evaluation of hip conditions. Conventional MRI with two-dimensional acquisitions requires a significant amount of time and is limited by partial-volume artifacts and suboptimal fluid-to-cartilage contrast. Recent hardware and software advances have resulted in development of novel isotropic three-dimensional (3D) single-acquisition protocols that cover the volume of the entire hip and can be reconstructed in arbitrary planes for submillimeter assessment of bony and labro-cartilaginous structures in their planes of orientation. This technique facilitates superior identification of small labral tears and other hip lesions with better correlations with arthroscopy. In this review, we discuss technical details related to 3D MRI of the hip, its advantages, and its role in commonly encountered painful conditions that can be evaluated with great precision using this technology. The entities described are femoroacetabular impingement with acetabular labral tears, acetabular dysplasia, avascular necrosis, regional tendinopathies and tendon tears, bursitis, and other conditions.
3D MRI of Articular Cartilage
Authors: Kijowski Richard 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOsteoarthritis, characterized by the breakdown of articular cartilage and other joint structures, is one of the most prevalent and disabling chronic diseases in the United States. Magnetic resonance imaging is a commonly used imaging modality to evaluate patients with joint pain. Both two-dimensional fast spin-echo sequences (2D-FSE) and three-dimensional (3D) sequences are used in clinical practice to evaluate articular cartilage. The 3D sequences have many advantages compared with 2D-FSE sequences, such as their high in-plane spatial resolution, thin continuous slices that reduce the effects of partial volume averaging, and ability to create multiplanar reformat images following a single acquisition. This article reviews the different 3D imaging techniques available for evaluating cartilage morphology, illustrates the strengths and weaknesses of 3D approaches compared with 2D-FSE approaches for cartilage imaging, and summarizes the diagnostic performance of 2D-FSE and 3D sequences for detecting cartilage lesions within the knee and hip joints.