bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental disorders, psychopharmacological treatments, and mortality in 2150 COVID‐19 Spanish inpatients
Authors: Diez‐Quevedo Crisanto , Iglesias‐González Maria , Giralt‐López Maria , Rangil Teresa , Sanagustin David , Moreira Mónica , López‐Ramentol Maite , Ibáñez‐Caparrós Ana , Lorán Maria‐Eulalia , Bustos‐Cardona Tatiana , Menéndez‐Cuiñas Inés , Mundo‐Cid Pilar , Blanco‐Presas Laura , de Pablo Joan , Cuevas‐Esteban Jorge 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine how mental disorders and psychopharmacological treatments before and during COVID‐19 hospital admissions are related to mortality.MethodsSubjects included in the study were all adult patients with a diagnosis of COVID‐19, confirmed clinically and by PCR, who were admitted to a tertiary university hospital in Badalona (Spain) between March 1 and November 17, 2020. Data were extracted anonymously from computerized clinical records.Results2,150 subjects were included, 57% males, mean age 61 years. History of mental disorders was registered in 957 (45%). Throughout admission, de novo diagnosis of mood or anxiety, stress, or adjustment disorder was made in 12% of patients without previous history. Delirium was diagnosed in 10% of cases. 1011 patients (47%) received a psychotropic prescription during admission (36% benzodiazepines, 22% antidepressants, and 21% antipsychotics). Mortality rate was 17%. Delirium during admission and history of mood disorder were independently associated with higher mortality risk (hazard ratios, 1.39 and 1.52 respectively), while previous year's treatments with anxiolytics/hypnotics and antidepressants were independently associated with lower mortality risk (hazard ratios, 0.47 and 0.43, respectively).ConclusionMental symptoms are very common in patients hospitalized for COVID‐19 infection. Detecting, diagnosing, and treating them is key to determining the prognosis of the disease and functional recovery.
Effects of mammal exclusion on invertebrate communities in New Zealand
Authors: Vergara Olivia E. , Nelson Nicola , Hartley Stephen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the absence of mammals, the fauna of islands is characterised by high endemism levels and a tendency towards gigantism, flightlessness and longevity. These characteristics have resulted in a high vulnerability to introduced animals, either directly via predation or indirectly through an alteration of food web interactions. Because invertebrates are important components of food webs and essential for many ecosystem processes, we investigated how different mammal and bird communities, present inside and outside a fenced reserve, influenced ground‐dwelling invertebrates on the mainland of New Zealand. Some significant differences in invertebrate community composition were apparent inside versus outside the fenced reserve, predominantly Ctenognathus adamsi (Carabidae) being twenty times more abundant inside the reserve, and rove beetles (Staphylinidae) being eight times more abundant outside the reserve. The introduced blackbird (Turdus merula) was observed more regularly than other predators of invertebrates outside the reserve, while native robins (Petroica longipes) were more highly detected inside the reserve. Despite differences in the vertebrate insectivore community outside the reserve (multiple mammals and introduced birds) compared to inside (mainly native birds), the resulting similarity in net predation pressure may explain the apparent similarity in abundance for most of the other 24 invertebrate taxa examined. Removal of most mammals from within fenced reserves in New Zealand may enable introduced and native birds to flourish, with flow‐on effects on the invertebrate community. We conclude that further study of trophic interactions and additional intervention, may need to be considered if invertebrate conservation is a desired outcome from fenced reserves.
Trusting me, trusting you: Creating conditions for successful pre‐registration interprofessional education in rural New Zealand workplace settings
Authors: Doolan‐Noble Fiona , Pullon Susan , Symes Ashley 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThere is a growing body of evidence supporting the provision of interprofessional education for pre‐registration health science students. Furthermore, there is emergent evidence supporting the provision of interprofessional opportunities in rural workplaces. The strategies used by tertiary education providers in establishing and sustaining these rural interprofessional initiatives currently remain unclear, including how to foster authentic engagement with indigenous rural communities. This short commentary seeks to provide some practical guidance on how to successfully implement and maintain rural interprofessional experiences for pre‐registration students.
Five years on: Influences on early career health professionals from a rural interprofessional pre‐registration immersion program
Authors: Pullon Susan , Garrett Susan , Garnett Amanda , Schwass Elizabeth Rose , McKinlay Eileen , Ashworth Natasha , Darlow Ben 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo ascertain former students' perceptions of and influences from a final‐year pre‐registration, rurally located, clinically based, 5 week interprofessional program on their subsequent work and career in the health professions.DesignOnline survey delivered 5 years post‐program (4 years post‐graduation).SettingThe Tairāwhiti interprofessional education program was first undertaken in 2012/2013 by students from six health professional degree programs (dentistry, dietetics, medicine, nursing, pharmacy and physiotherapy) in the Tairāwhiti region, New Zealand.ParticipantsHealth professionals who attended the Tairāwhiti interprofessional education program in 2012/2013 as students were invited to participate; 70 of 86 (81%) responded in 2017/2018.ResultsFive years on, most respondents (91%;64/70) were working as health professionals, with a fifth (23%;15/64) working overseas. Of those currently practising in New Zealand, 51% (24/47) were working in hospital practice and 49% (23/47) in the community, with 56% (27/48) working in metropolitan areas and 44% (21/48) in regional/rural locations. Of the 51 respondents who provided free‐text comments about perceived influences of program participation, the majority described positive influences on their clinical practice as health professionals or their subsequent career choices. Five themes emerged from the free‐text data: ‘made me a better clinician’; ‘made me consider rural/regional work’; ‘collaborating for care’; ‘choosing an area of practice to work in,’ and ‘little or no impact.’ConclusionThis work reports positive influences on subsequent careers among respondents who had previously participated as final‐year students in a rurally located IPE program, particularly with respect to interprofessional working, rural health, and contextual and cultural influences.
Co‐designing community‐focused rural placements for collaborative practice
Authors: Hyde Sarah , Smith Brent , Lawrence Jayne , Barry Rebecca , Carey Alicia , Rogers Cathy 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAims and ContextAs a University Department of Rural Health, we have identified recurrent areas of service need among vulnerable rural populations, specifically the need for allied health. Concurrently, we have also identified missed opportunities for deliberate collaborative practice in rural clinical placements. This paper provides a commentary on our work in progress as we work to leverage available opportunities to provide both service from and education for health profession students on rural clinical placements.ApproachWe developed a transdisciplinary placement model, informed by practice theory, which encompasses pre‐placement preparation, student support, host sites and clinicians, and a structured evaluation strategy. This model aims to facilitate service provision alongside of student learning about community and collaborative practice. In particular, the co‐design of the model is expected to facilitate student’s sense of social accountability and reduce stigma in working with vulnerable population groups.ConclusionThis paper highlights the need for greater alignment between rural health education and practice, describes a placement model that is working towards this and showcases how this has been enacted in a remote community in New South Wales. More cross‐sector discussion and evaluation is needed to determine the implications of adopting this model more widely if service and learning opportunities are to be equally achieved, and to determine the ways in which training and service provision can be aligned with community need, as recommended in the recent Rural Health Commissioner Report.
Ultrasound evaluation of patients with male accessory gland inflammation: a pictorial review
Authors: La Vignera Sandro , Crafa Andrea , Condorelli Rosita A. , Barbagallo Federica , Mongioì Laura M. , Cannarella Rossella , Compagnone Michele , Aversa Antonio , Calogero Aldo E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMale accessory gland infection/inflammation (MAGI) is a major cause of male infertility. The importance of ultrasound evaluation in these patients is highly controversial, although evidence of its relevance has increased in recent years. Ultrasound criteria are an important element for confirming the clinical diagnosis. Furthermore, they help to localize the anatomical site or sites of the inflammatory process and in assessing its extension which, in turn, have different consequences on the seminological and symptomatic aspects. This article summarizes the clinical interpretations related to ultrasound aspects in patients with MAGI and the possible effects on the seminological, microbiological, endocrinologic, urological, sexological, and internist aspects.
Reconstruction of burn scar contracture deformity of the extremities using thin thoracodorsal artery perforator free flaps
Authors: Chang Lan Sook , Kim Youn Hwan , Kim Sang Wha 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundSevere burn scar contracture of the extremities, especially the joint areas, causes aesthetic problems and functional limitation. Release of burn scar contractures requires complete removal of the scars and resurfacing of the resulting defects. Here, we describe thoracodorsal artery perforator (TDAP) free flaps for reconstructing burn scar contractures.MethodsBetween August 2013 and July 2018, 25 patients with severe burn scar contractures of the extremities underwent reconstruction using TDAP free flaps. Twelve were men and the mean age of the patients was 38.1 years (range, 12–66 years). Five patients had upper extremity contractures and 20 had lower extremity contractures.ResultsTwenty‐one patients underwent reconstruction with a TDAP flap alone, while three received two perforator flaps, a TDAP and an anterolateral thigh flap or deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap. The remaining patient received three perforator flaps, two TDAP and an anterolateral thigh flap. Fourteen patients had an improved range of motion after reconstruction. All the flaps survived except in the case of four patients who suffered partial loss of a TDAP flap. In one patient, there was partial skin graft loss at the donor site. The mean follow‐up was 17.2 months (range 6–36 months).ConclusionIdeal reconstruction of burn scar contracture yielding functional and aesthetic results involves complete removal of scar tissue and reconstruction. Depending on the extent of the defect, the TDAP flap, with its thin and pliable tissue and minimal donor site morbidity, may be the best option for reconstruction of burn scar contracture.
Maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnancies complicated by late fetal growth restriction undergoing induction of labor with dinoprostone compared with cervical balloon: A retrospective, international study
Authors: Di Mascio Daniele , Villalain Cecilia , Rizzo Giuseppe , Morales‐Rosello Jose , Sileo Filomena G. , Maruotti Giuseppe M. , Prefumo Federico , Galindo Alberto , D'Antonio Francesco ,   induCtion of labOr in Late fetaL Growth rEstriction (COLLEGE) Study Group
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to compare vaginal dinoprostone and mechanical methods for induction of labor (IOL) in pregnancies complicated by late fetal growth restriction.Material and methodsMulticenter, retrospective, cohort study involving six referral centers in Italy and Spain. Inclusion criteria were pregnancies complicated by late fetal growth restriction as defined by Delphi consensus criteria. The primary outcome was the occurrence of uterine tachysystole; secondary outcomes were either cesarean delivery or operative vaginal delivery for non‐reassuring fetal status, a composite score of adverse neonatal outcome and admission to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the data.ResultsA total of 571 pregnancies complicated by late fetal growth restriction undergoing IOL (391 with dinoprostone and 180 with mechanical methods) were included in the analysis. The incidence of uterine tachysystole (19.2% vs. 5.6%; p = 0.001) was higher in women undergoing IOL with dinoprostone than in those undergoing IOL with mechanical methods. Similarly, the incidence of cesarean delivery or operative delivery for non‐reassuring fetal status (25.6% vs. 17.2%; p = 0.027), composite adverse neonatal outcome (26.1% vs. 16.7%; p = 0.013) and NICU admission (16.9% vs. 5.6%; p < 0.001) was higher in women undergoing IOL with dinoprostone than in those undergoing IOL with mechanical methods. At logistic regression analysis, IOL with mechanical methods was associated with a significantly lower risk of uterine tachysystole (odds ratio 0.26, 95% confidence interval 0.13‐0.54; p < 0.001).ConclusionsIn pregnancies complicated by late fetal growth restriction, IOL with mechanical methods is associated with a lower risk of uterine tachysystole, cesarean delivery or operative delivery for non‐reassuring fetal status, and adverse neonatal outcome compared with pharmacological methods.
Sedentary activity bout length was associated with BMI and waist circumference in Swedish children aged 5–7 years
Authors: Norman Åsa , Nyberg Gisela 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimThis study examined the pattern of sedentary behaviour during the week and on weekends and associations with health outcomes among children aged 5–7 years in Sweden.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study used data from 342 children, many of whom had at least one parent born outside the Nordic region. Physical activity and sedentary time were measured by accelerometry. A sedentary bout was defined as 1–4 and 5–9 min. Diet, time in front of television or computer screen, sleep and physical activity behaviour were measured via parental reports, and anthropometric data by research staff.ResultsThe number of sedentary bouts was higher on weekends than on weekdays. Compared to girls, boys had more 1–4 min bouts on both weekdays and weekend days, and more 5–9 min bouts on weekends. A higher number of 5–9 min bouts was associated with a higher body mass index and waist circumference.ConclusionThis study showed an association between sedentary activity and weight status in children as young as 5–7 years. Reducing time, especially longer bouts, spent in sedentary activities may encourage healthy weight development in children.
Combined effects of xylo‐oligosaccharides and coated sodium butyrate on growth performance, immune function, and intestinal physical barrier function of broilers
Authors: Luo Dan , Li Jiaolong , Xing Tong , Zhang Lin , Gao Feng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation xylo‐oligosaccharides (XOS), coated sodium butyrate (CSB), and their combination on growth performance, immune parameters, and intestinal barrier of broilers. A total of 192 1‐day‐old chicks were assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial design including two dietary additives (0 and 150 mg/kg XOS and 0 and 400 mg/kg CSB). This trial lasted for 42 days. CSB supplementation increased the thymus and bursa index, blood myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and IgG and IgM concentrations, whereas adding XOS only improved IgM concentration (p < .05). A significant interaction was observed for MPO activity. Furthermore, broilers fed CSB and their interaction exhibited increased ileal villus height/crypt depth (VH/CD) and goblet cells numbers in the ileum, as well as decreased ileal CD (p < .05). Broilers fed XOS and CSB individually showed higher ileal VH, the number of goblet cells in the duodenum and jejunum (p < .05). Moreover, XOS and CSB individual supplementation upregulated the expression of claudin3 in the ileum (p < .05). Simultaneously, a significant interaction was found for the ileal expression of claudin3. Overall, XOS and CSB supplementation could improve the development of immune organs, the small intestine morphology, and the intestinal physical barrier of broilers. Although no clear synergy of XOS and CSB was detected, the combination had positively affect broilers intestinal barrier and immune parameters.
Non‐invasive in vivo human model of post‐ischaemic skin preconditioning by measurement of flow‐mediated 460‐nm autofluorescence
Authors: Nizinski Jan , Filberek Piotr , Sibrecht Greta , Krauze Tomasz , Zielinski Jacek , Piskorski Jaroslaw , Wykretowicz Andrzej , Guzik Przemyslaw 
Published: April 2021

AimsTransient ischaemia and reperfusion (TIAR) induce early ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) in different tissues and organs, including the skin. IPC protects tissues by modifying the mitochondrial function and decreasing the amount of the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). Skin 460‐nm autofluorescence is proportional to the NADH content and can be non‐invasively measured during TIAR. We propose a non‐invasive in vivo human model of skin IPC for studying the effects of repeated TIARs on the NADH content.MethodsFifty‐one apparently healthy volunteers (36 women) underwent three 100‐second forearm ischaemia episodes induced by inflation of brachial pressure cuff to the pressure of 60 mmHg above systolic blood pressure, followed by 500‐second long reperfusion episodes. Changes in skin NADH content were measured using 460‐nm fluorescence before and during each of the three TIARs.ResultsThe first two TIARs caused a significant reduction in the skin NADH content before (P = .0065) and during the third ischaemia (P = .0011) and reperfusion (P = .0003) up to 3.0%. During the third TIAR, the increase in skin NADH was 20% lower than during the first ischaemia (P = .0474).ConclusionsThe measurement of the 460‐nm fluorescence during repeated TIARs allows for a non‐invasive in vivo investigation of human skin IPC. Although IPC reduces the overall NADH skin content, the most noticeable NADH reduction appears during ischaemia after earlier TIARs. Studying the skin model of IPC may provide new avenues for in vivo physiological, clinical and pharmacological research on mitochondrial metabolism.
Geography of roadkills within the Tropical Andes Biodiversity Hotspot: Poorly known vertebrates are part of the toll
Authors: Medrano‐Vizcaíno Pablo , Espinosa Santiago 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe explore the effect of roads in animal mortality within the Biodiversity Hotspot with the highest number of endemic species of vertebrates on Earth, the Tropical Andes. Our objectives were to know which species are killed on roads in this particularly biodiversity‐rich area and how landscape composition and configuration influences roadkills. We systematically looked for roadkills along roads that border three protected areas in the Ecuadorian Andes. To evaluate our hypotheses, we used correlation, logistic regression, and GIS analyses. We surveyed a total of 7128 km and observed a roadkill rate of 6.24 (95% CI = 5.35–7.14) individuals per 100 km/day. Roadkills included poorly known endemic and endangered vertebrates; among them, one undescribed snake species of the genus Atractus. Most roadkills were by pastures, the dominant vegetation by roads in our study area. Roadkills were more likely to occur near bridges and were more frequent at greater distances from natural vegetation, towns, and rivers. We conclude that pastures and bridges may be functioning as ecological traps for small and poorly known vertebrates. Mitigation measures could include increasing road permeability to wildlife by constructing culverts in critical points where mortality is high, and the adaptation of areas beneath bridges for them to function effectively as wildlife underpasses. These measures should be complemented with fences to exclude vertebrates from roads in areas near wildlife passages and along pastures. We encourage the development of similar studies in biodiversity‐rich areas to inform mitigation measures that can be adapted to local conditions.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Agriculture after a year with COVID‐19: Any long‐term implications for international trade policy?
Authors: Kerr William A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) initiated shocks to the Canadian agri‐food industry moving the sector away from its prepandemic equilibrium. Disequilibrium can mean, postshock, that sectors follow different paths of adjustment. The public and politicians appear to desire that economic activity returns to prepandemic norms—but this is far from assured. In the case of the Canadian agri‐food industry, the postshock path of adjustment appears to be returning to the preshock equilibrium, or near to it. This provides a familiar and stable anchor for those whose lives are otherwise considerably disrupted by the pandemic. The multilateral international trade system has long been in need of reform—reforms that would benefit Canada's agri‐food exporting sector. The pandemic has raised trade issues that require urgent action and some countries see this as an opportunity for reform. Canada has been at the forefront of this activity through the fostering, hosting, and chairing of the Ottawa Group of 13 World Trade Organization members that have been charged with bringing forward proposals for reform that will break the log jam in multilateral negotiations. The work of the Ottawa Group is examined and the likelihood of the initiative succeeding assessed.