bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A phenomenologically grounded empirical approach to experiences of adolescent depression
Authors: Sánchez Guerrero H. Andrés 
Published: July 2021

AbstractExtant literature suggests a correlation between the thematic core of an adolescent’s personal account of depression and the trajectory of her personality development. This possible correlation has not been explored in a way that includes detailed qualitative analyses of reported experiences of adolescent depression. By discussing a single case design, this contribution illustrates and justifies an interpretative procedure that has been implemented to assist such an exploration. The paper focuses on the suitability of this approach for the investigation of all-encompassing alterations of the experiential field in psychopathological conditions. I argue that this suitability is grounded in a phenomenological understanding of the explicative task in terms of a disclosure of the intentional constitution of the life-world of adolescent depression. The discussion begins with a contextualization of the single case design within a multilayered and methodologically mixed study. Against this background, I illustrate the steps of a ‘systematic of interpretation’ aimed at exposing meaning horizons. Touching on issues concerning the empirical validity of the approach, these meaning horizons are construed as objectively plausible frames of intelligibility of a subjectively particular form of experience. Drawing on a characterization of transcendental arguments, I discuss the relationship between the illustrated procedure and the investigational attitude that, according to Husserl, defines phenomenology as a properly philosophical endeavor. In this context, I eventually characterize the illustrated procedure as a crossover approach to human experiential life aligned with the tradition of phenomenological psychopathology.
Ethical Review of Animal Research and the Standards of Procedural Justice: A European Perspective
Authors: Pietrzykowski Tomasz 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCommittees established for the ethical review of research involving animals have become a widespread legal standard around the world. Despite many differences in their composition, powers, and institutional settings, they share many common problems related to the well-established standards of procedural justice in administrative practice. The paper adapts the general theory of procedural justice to the specific context of ethical review committees. From this perspective, the main concerns over the procedural aspects of the ethical evaluation of research projects are identified and examined. They include in particular the standards of the committees’ composition, impartiality, fair hearing, appeal, transparency, and benevolence. Their proper reflection in the regulatory regimes of animal ethics committees is necessary to secure the standards of fairness of the ethical review itself. This, in turn, is a condition of the moral and social legitimacy of all administrative and quasi-administrative procedures, including the committees’ operations (irrespective of whether they are legally entrusted with the task of authorizing or only evaluating research projects).
Forensische Modelle zur Gewaltprävention an der Schnittstelle zur Allgemeinpsychiatrie: der forensisch-psychiatrische Konsildienst
Authors: Schmidt Catharina , Nitschke Joachim , Habermeyer Elmar 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungObwohl bei einer Untergruppe psychisch kranker Menschen ein erhöhtes Gewaltrisiko verortet werden kann und Patienten der Maßregelvollzugskliniken in der Regel eine allgemeinpsychiatrische Vorgeschichte haben, existieren bislang nur vereinzelt präventiv ausgerichtete Behandlungsmodelle an der Schnittstelle zwischen forensischer und allgemeiner Psychiatrie. Im vorliegenden Artikel werden unterschiedliche Ansätze einer interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit vorgestellt und das Angebot des forensisch-psychiatrischen Konsildiensts der Fachstelle Forensic Assessment & Risk Management (FFA) der Klinik für Forensische Psychiatrie (KFP) der Psychiatrischen Universitätsklinik Zürich (PUK) beschrieben.
Isoflurane in (Super-) Refractory Status Epilepticus: A Multicenter Evaluation
Authors: Stetefeld Henning R. , Schaal Alexander , Scheibe Franziska , Nichtweiß Julia , Lehmann Felix , Müller Marcus , Gerner Stefan T. , Huttner Hagen B. , Luger Sebastian , Fuhrer Hannah , Bösel Julian , Schönenberger Silvia , Dimitriadis Konstantinos , Neumann Bernhard , Fuchs Kornelius , Fink Gereon R. , Malter Michael P. ,   the IGNITE Study Group, with support from the German Neurocritical Care Society (DGNI)
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to determine the association between seizure termination and side effects of isoflurane for the treatment of refractory status epilepticus (RSE) and super-refractory status epilepticus (SRSE) in neurointensive care units (neuro-ICUs).MethodsThis was a multicenter retrospective study of patients with RSE/SRSE treated with isoflurane for status epilepticus termination admitted to the neuro-ICUs of nine German university centers during 2011–2018.ResultsWe identified 45 patients who received isoflurane for the treatment of RSE/SRSE. During isoflurane treatment, electroencephalograms showed no epileptiform discharges in 33 of 41 (80%) patients, and burst suppression pattern was achieved in 29 of 41 patients (71%). RSE/SRSE was finally terminated after treatment with isoflurane in 23 of 45 patients (51%) for the entire group and in 13 of 45 patients (29%) without additional therapy. Lengths of stay in the hospital and in the neuro-ICU were significantly extended in cases of ongoing status epilepticus under isoflurane treatment (p = 0.01 for length of stay in the hospital,p = 0.049 for length in the neuro-ICU). During isoflurane treatment, side effects were reported in 40 of 45 patients (89%) and mainly included hypotension (n = 40, 89%) and/or infection (n = 20, 44%). Whether side effects occurred did not affect the outcome at discharge. Of 22 patients with follow-up magnetic resonance imaging, 2 patients (9%) showed progressive magnetic resonance imaging alterations that were considered to be potentially associated with RSE/SRSE itself or with isoflurane therapy.ConclusionsIsoflurane was associated with a good effect in stopping RSE/SRSE. Nevertheless, establishing remission remained difficult. Side effects were common but without effect on the outcome at discharge.
A Semiotic Modern Synthesis: Conducting Quantitative Studies in Zoosemiotics and Interpreting Existing Ethological Studies through a Semiotic Framework
Authors: Lewis Amelia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper, I present an argument that quantitative behavioural analysis can be used in zoosemiotic studies to advance the field of biosemiotics. The premise is that signs and signals form patterns in space and time, which can be measured and analysed mathematically. Whole organism sign processing is an important component of the semiosphere, with individual organisms in their Umwelten deriving signs from, and contributing to, the semiosphere, and vice versa. Moreover, there is a wealth of data available in the traditional ethology literature which can be reinterpreted semiotically and drawn together to make a cohesive biosemiotic whole. For example, isolated signals, such as structural elements of birdsong, are attributed meaning by an interpreter, thus generating new ideas and hypotheses in both biology and semiotics. Furthermore, animal behaviour science has developed numerous test paradigms that with careful adaptation, could be suitable for use within a Peircean tripartite model, and thus give valuable insights into Umwelten of other species. In my conclusion, I suggest that by bringing together traditional ethology and biosemiotics, it is possible to use the Modern Synthesis to provide context to biosemiosis, thus pragmatic meaning to animal signals. On this basis, I propose updating the Modern Synthesis to a Semiotic Modern Synthesis, which focuses on whole-organism signals and their contexts, the latter being derived from neo-Darwinian theory and the ‘Umwelt’. Thus, there need be no dichotomy; the Modern Synthesis can successfully be integrated with biosemiotics.
Taphonomy of an excavated striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) den in Arabia: implications for paleoecology and prehistory
Authors: Stewart Mathew , Andrieux Eric , Clark-Wilson Richard , Vanwezer Nils , Blinkhorn James , Armitage Simon J. , al Omari Abdulaziz , Zahrani Badr , Alqahtani Mesfer , Al-Shanti Mahmoud , Zalmout Iyad , Al-Mufarreh Yahya S. A. , Alsharekh Abdullah M. , Boivin Nicole , Petraglia Michael D. , Groucutt Huw S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractStudies of modern carnivore accumulations of bone (i.e., neo-taphonomy) are crucial for interpreting fossil accumulations in the archaeological and paleontological records. Yet, studies in arid regions have been limited in both number and detailed taphonomic data, prohibiting our understanding of carnivore bone-accumulating and -modifying behavior in dry regions. Here, we present a taphonomic analysis of an impressive carnivore-accumulated bone assemblage from the Umm Jirsan lava tube in the Harrat Khaybar region, Saudi Arabia. The size and composition of the bone accumulation, as well as the presence of hyena skeletal remains and coprolites, suggest that the assemblage was primarily accumulated by striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena). Our findings (1) identify potentially useful criteria for distinguishing between accumulations generated by different species of hyenas; (2) emphasize the need for neo-taphonomic studies for capturing the full variation in carnivore bone-accumulating and modifying behavior; (3) suggest that under the right settings, striped hyena accumulations can serve as good proxies for (paleo)ecology and livestock practices; and (4) highlight the potential for future research at Umm Jirsan, as well as at the numerous nearby lava tube systems. We encourage continued neo-taphonomic efforts in regions important in human prehistory, particularly in arid zones, which have received little research attention.
An Update on Medication Use in Older Adults: a Narrative Review
Authors: Barry Heather E. , Hughes Carmel M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The global phenomenon of population aging is impacting the health and care needs of society. The use of medications by older adults is acknowledged to be the most common form of medical intervention for many acute and chronic conditions and prescribing in this population continues to increase. In this narrative review, we summarise the age-related factors that should be considered when prescribing for older adults, address some of the perennial challenges related to medicine use in older people, and highlight important emerging research in this area.

Recent Findings
A range of age-related factors should be considered when prescribing for older adults. However, the evidence base still lacks data pertaining to older adults due to their continued under-representation in clinical trials. Multimorbidity, polypharmacy, and inappropriate prescribing continue to remain prevalent among older adults, although recent research has been focused on the development and evaluation of complex interventions to address these challenges.

Summary
Further high-quality studies of interventions to improve and support medication use in older adults are needed, ensuring that older adults are well represented in such trials and consideration is given to the measurement of patient- and provider-focused outcomes.
Well-posedness result for the Kuramoto–Velarde equation
Authors: Coclite Giuseppe Maria , di Ruvo Lorenzo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Kuramoto–Velarde equation describes slow space-time variations of disturbances at interfaces, diffusion–reaction fronts and plasma instability fronts. It also describes Benard–Marangoni cells that occur when there is large surface tension on the interface in a microgravity environment. Under appropriate assumption on the initial data, of the timeT, and the coefficients of such equation, we prove the well-posedness of the classical solutions for the Cauchy problem, associated with this equation.
Sexual identity or religious freedom: could conversion therapy ever be morally permissible in limited urgent situations?
Authors: Bradfield Owen M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractConversion therapy refers to a range of unscientific, discredited and harmful heterosexist practices that attempt to re-align an individual’s sexual orientation, usually from non-heterosexual to heterosexual. In Australia, the state of Victoria recently joined Queensland and the Australian Capital Territory in criminalising conversion therapy. Although many other jurisdictions have also introduced legislation banning conversion therapy, it persists in over 60 countries. Children are particularly vulnerable to the harmful effects of conversion therapy, which can include coercion, rejection, isolation and blame. However, if new biotechnologies create safe and effective conversion therapies, the question posed here is whether it would ever be morally permissible to use them. In addressing this question, we need to closely examine the individual’s circumstances and the prevailing social context in which conversion therapy is employed. I argue that, even in a sexually unjust world, conversion therapy may be morally permissible if it were the only safe and effective means of relieving intense anguish and dysphoria for the individual. The person providing the conversion therapy must be qualified, sufficiently independent from any religious organisation and must provide conversion therapy in a way that is positively affirming of the individual and their existing sexuality.
Effects of Limited Hold on Equivalence Class Formation
Authors: Högnason Felix , Arntzen Erik 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn an attempt to limit the opportunity to engage in mediating behavior, two groups of adult participants received preliminary training in identity matching with limited hold levels (LH) for responding of 0.7 s for the sample and 1.2 s for the comparisons. The two groups were subsequently trained to form three 5-member classes, using the same LH levels, where the A, B, D, and E stimuli were abstract stimuli, and the C stimuli were meaningful pictures. In two tests for emergent relations, the LH for Group Short was unchanged, whereas 5 s were added to the LH for the comparisons for Group Long. None of the participants in Group Short responded in accordance with stimulus equivalence in either of the two tests. In Group Long, one participant responded in accordance with stimulus equivalence in the first test, and an additional eight participants formed equivalence classes in the second test.
Memristor crossbar architectures for implementing deep neural networks
Authors: Liu Xiaoyang , Zeng Zhigang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe paper presents memristor crossbar architectures for implementing layers in deep neural networks, including the fully connected layer, the convolutional layer, and the pooling layer. The crossbars achieve positive and negative weight values and approximately realize various nonlinear activation functions. Then the layers constructed by the crossbars are adopted to build the memristor-based multi-layer neural network (MMNN) and the memristor-based convolutional neural network (MCNN). Two kinds of in-situ weight update schemes, which are the fixed-voltage update and the approximately linear update, respectively, are used to train the networks. Consider variations resulted from the inherent characteristics of memristors and the errors of programming voltages, the robustness of MMNN and MCNN to these variations is analyzed. The simulation results on standard datasets show that deep neural networks (DNNs) built by the memristor crossbars work satisfactorily in pattern recognition tasks and have certain robustness to memristor variations.
Hugoniot Data and Equation of State Parameters for an Ultra-High Performance Concrete
Authors: Sauer C. , Bagusat F. , Ruiz-Ripoll M.-L. , Roller C. , Sauer M. , Heine A. , Riedel W. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis work aims at the characterization of a modern concrete material. For this purpose, we perform two experimental series of inverse planar plate impact (PPI) tests with the ultra-high performance concrete B4Q, using two different witness plate materials. Hugoniot data in the range of particle velocities from 180 to 840 m/s and stresses from 1.1 to 7.5 GPa is derived from both series. Within the experimental accuracy, they can be seen as one consistent data set. Moreover, we conduct corresponding numerical simulations and find a reasonably good agreement between simulated and experimentally obtained curves. From the simulated curves, we derive numerical Hugoniot results that serve as a homogenized, mean shock response of B4Q and add further consistency to the data set. Additionally, the comparison of simulated and experimentally determined results allows us to identify experimental outliers. Furthermore, we perform a parameter study which shows that a significant influence of the applied pressure dependent strength model on the derived equation of state (EOS) parameters is unlikely. In order to compare the current results to our own partially reevaluated previous work and selected recent results from literature, we use simulations to numerically extrapolate the Hugoniot results. Considering their inhomogeneous nature, a consistent picture emerges for the shock response of the discussed concrete and high-strength mortar materials. Hugoniot results from this and earlier work are presented for further comparisons. In addition, a full parameter set for B4Q, including validated EOS parameters, is provided for the application in simulations of impact and blast scenarios.
Labor Participation and Gender Inequalities in India: Traditional Gender Norms in India and the Decline in the Labor Force Participation Rate (LFPR)
Authors: Costagliola Alessandra 
Published: July 2021

AbstractReduction in gender inequality has become a major component of development agendas, cited as a mechanism for improved access to health care, declining fertility rates, reduced poverty, and increased political and social participation of women. While women’s participation in the labor force is an essential component of increasing gender equity in the developing world, such participation can only be made possible under conditions that allow women to possess the level of autonomy and mobility necessary for engaging in the labor market. In this article, I explain that while women’s labor force participation is an essential component of gender equity, it is not the key to ensuring gender equality. To explain this, I examine India’s decline in women’s labor force participation rate (LFPR) despite its growing economy. I challenge arguments that rationalize that this decline is attributed to the U-shaped hypothesis, and I assert that this decline is associated with existing gendered notions of labor and persisting patriarchal and traditional values that discourage women from re-entering the labor force in the industrial and service sectors.
A thousand brains: toward biologically constrained AI
Authors: Hole Kjell Jørgen , Ahmad Subutai 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper reviews the state of artificial intelligence (AI) and the quest to create general AI with human-like cognitive capabilities. Although existing AI methods have produced powerful applications that outperform humans in specific bounded domains, these techniques have fundamental limitations that hinder the creation of general intelligent systems. In parallel, over the last few decades, an explosion of experimental techniques in neuroscience has significantly increased our understanding of the human brain. This review argues that improvements in current AI using mathematical or logical techniques are unlikely to lead to general AI. Instead, the AI community should incorporate neuroscience discoveries about the neocortex, the human brain’s center of intelligence. The article explains the limitations of current AI techniques. It then focuses on the biologically constrainedThousand Brains Theorydescribing the neocortex’s computational principles. Future AI systems can incorporate these principles to overcome the stated limitations of current systems. Finally, the article concludes that AI researchers and neuroscientists should work together on specified topics to achieve biologically constrained AI with human-like capabilities.
Effect of permanent magnet material on failure-pressure of magnetic fluid seal
Authors: Zhang Tong , Li De-Cai , Li Yan-Wen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMaterial properties of permanent magnet in the magnetic fluid seal are important factors that determine the sealing effect. However, the relationship between the magnetic properties of permanent magnet and the failure-pressure has not been studied quantitatively in the available research. In this work, the relationship between material properties of permanent magnet and the failure-pressure of magnetic fluid seal was obtained from theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. The permanent magnet was changed in materials to calculate the failure-pressures of a typical magnetic fluid seal. The results show that the failure pressure of the magnetic fluid seal increases with the increase of the maximum magnetic energy product of the permanent magnet, but there is a turning point. After that, the failure-pressure decreases as the maximum magnetic energy product increases.
Effects of Testosterone Replacement Therapy on Glycolipid Metabolism Among Hypogonadal Men withT2DM: A Meta-Analysis And System Review Of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Yu Xiaowei , Wei Zhentong , Liu Yanhong , Zhang XiaoYuan , Wang Qun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Testosterone can improve glucose metabolism through multiple cellular mechanisms. However, it remains unclear as to whether hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can benefit from testosterone replacement therapy (TRT).

Aims
To assess the relative effect of TRT on glycolipid metabolism among hypogonadal men with T2DM.

Methods
: Electronic literature searches of the Cochrane Library, PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases were conducted, up to the end of October 2020. Only studies that used randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in our systematic review. Main outcome measures From these studies, we extracted certain outcomes including changes in insulin resistance, glucose metabolism, and lipid parameters.

Results
There were a total of 8 studies that met our criteria. Four of these studies either did not have a consistent treatment strategy, or the control groups used untreated patients rather than patients that had been given a placebo. Thus, results from these four studies contributed to the variability in treatment outcomes. In four of the examined RCTs, there was no change in either the dose or the type of antidiabetic medication prescribed. Based on the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, the pooled WMD was −0.34, 95% confidence interval (CI; −1.02, 0.34), P = .33; For fasting plasma glucose, the pooled WMD was −0.27, 95% CI (−1.02, 0.48), P = .48, the pooled WMD for HbA1c% was −0.00, 95% CI (−1.08, 1.08), P = 1.00.

Conclusions
Although certain RCTs showed that TRT improved insulin resistance and glycolipid metabolism when compared with the placebo or untreated control groups, these findings may partly be due to changes in antidiabetic therapy during the course of the study. In the current meta-analysis, analyses showed that TRT did not significantly improve insulin resistance or glycolipid metabolism. Future studies need to be rigorous in design and delivery, and comprehensive descriptions of all aspects of their methods should be included to further enable a more accurate appraisal and interpretation of the results.