bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Double Sampling with Multiple Imputation to Answer Large Sample Meta‐Research Questions: Introduction and Illustration by Evaluating Adherence to Two Simple CONSORT Guidelines
Authors: Capers Patrice , Brown Andrew , Dawson John , Allison David 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUNDHigh throughput meta‐research methods have made large meta‐research questions feasible, possibly at the cost of accuracy. We predict that double sampling with multiple imputation (DS+MI) will result in a precise and accurate estimate of adherence to CONSORT title and abstract guidelines.METHODS:We retrieved all PubMed entries with filters: RCT; human; abstract available; and English (n=322,107). We evaluated these with a lower rigor, higher throughput (RLOTHI) search heuristics method. We evaluated a subsample of 500 entries and evaluated them using a higher rigor, lower throughput (RHITLO) human rating method. RHITLO evaluations for the large sample were estimated with multiple imputation.RESULTS:The RHITLO and RLOTHI methods in the subsample agreed (phi coefficients: title=1.00, abstract=0.92). Compliance has increased over time, with non‐US countries improving more rapidly. DS+MI logistic regression estimates were more precise than subsample estimates (e.g., 95% CI for change in title and abstract compliance by Year: subsample RHITLO 1.050‐1.174 vs. DS+MI 1.082‐1.151). As evidence of improved accuracy, DS+MI coefficient estimates were closer to RHITLO than the large sample RLOTHI.CONCLUSIONSOur results support our hypothesis that DS+MI improves precision and accuracy. This method is flexible and may provide a practical way to examine large corpora of literature.Support:NIH grants K12GM088010, P30DK056336, T32HL072757, and R25HL124208.
Changes in Dietary Intake Among Participants in a University Worksite Wellness Program (WWP) Using the Dietary Screening Questionnaire (DSQ)
Authors: Radler Diane , Marcus Andrea , Patel Jay , Griehs Rachel , Touger‐Decker Riva 
Published: June 2021

The DSQ is a self‐administered on‐line 26‐item assessment of dietary intake over the past month. Participants who enrolled in the WWP between October 2013 and August 2014 completed the DSQ at baseline and after one‐on‐one counseling and a 12‐week education intervention. Comparison analyses were completed among those participants who provided sufficient responses to estimate intake for both time points for each food/nutrient. Paired t‐tests were used to evaluate significant changes (p<0.05). Results: The mean age of participants who completed the baseline and 12‐week DSQ (n=48) was 44.93 years; 89.58 % (n=43) were female. Fiber and whole grain intake improved significantly; sugar and sugar sweetened beverages intake decreased significantly (p<0.05) after 12 weeks.

Baseline
Follow‐up (12 week)
Comparison

Food/Nutrient
n
Mean
SE
Mean
SE
Change
p‐value

Fiber (g)
35
14.14
0.51
15.47
0.73
1.33
0.040

Calcium (mg)
35
702.90
36.98
717.86
44.16
14.96
0.616

Sugar (tsp)
38
12.67
0.94
10.27
0.69
‐2.39
0.008

Whole Grain (oz)
41
0.78
0.16
1.19
0.22
0.42
0.013

Dairy (cup)
43
1.20
0.08
1.29
0.13
0.09
0.499

Fruit&amp;Vegetable (cup)
39
2.70
0.14
2.88
0.17
0.18
0.202

Fruit&amp;Vegetable no FF (cup)
39
2.65
0.14
2.84
0.16
0.20
0.168

SSB (tsp)
44
4.31
0.76
2.81
0.45
‐1.50
0.011

Key: g=grams, mg=milligrams, tsp=teaspoon, oz=ounce, FF=French Fries, SSB=sugar sweetened beverage; bold=statistically significant change (paired samples t‐test)

ConclusionsAmong participants in a WWP who completed the DSQ at baseline and after 12 weeks, significant improvements were seen in dietary intake that reflect changes in reported food consumption. Funding source: Internal Grant and Healthcare Foundation of New Jersey
Dietary Fiber Intake and Cardiometabolic Conditions among Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer: A Report from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study
Authors: Jia Yinan , Zhang Fang Fang , Ojha Rohit , Lanctot Jennifer , Chemaitilly Wassim , Krull Kevin , Hudson Melissa 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundChildhood cancer survivors experience high risk of dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, hypertension, and obesity in young adulthood. A high‐fiber diet is associated with reduced risk of cardiometabolic conditions but it remains unclear whether such a diet can decrease cardiometabolic morbidity in childhood cancer survivors.Methods:For 2,571 young adult survivors of childhood cancer (mean ± SD for age = 32.6 ±8.3 years) in the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study, self‐reported dietary intake was assessed using the Block food frequency questionnaire. Systematic medical assessments included measurements of blood pressure, weight, height, waist circumference, serum fasting lipids, glucose, and insulin. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) after adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, family income, total energy intake, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and dietary patterns.Results:The mean dietary intake of fiber was 8.5 g/day per 1,000 kcal calories, substantially lower than the recommended intake(14 g/day per 1,000 calories). Compared to survivors in the lowest quartile of fiber intake, those in the highest quartile had 30‐40% lower odds of prevalent dyslipidemia (OR=0.69, 95%CI: 0.51‐0.95, Ptrend=0.02), hypertension (OR=0.65, 95%CI: 0.47‐0.90, Ptrend=0.007), insulin resistance (OR=0.62, 95%CI: 0.45‐0.85, Ptrend=0.006), and metabolic syndrome (OR=0.61, 95%CI: 0.42‐0.87, Ptrend=0.03).ConclusionsHigh dietary intake of fiber was inversely associated with the prevalence of cardiometabolic conditions among young adult survivors of childhood cancer.
Association between Changes in Waist Circumference (WC) and Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) among Participants in a University Worksite Wellness Program (WWP)
Authors: Touger‐Decker Riva , Marcus Andrea , Radler Diane , Griehs Rachel 
Published: June 2021

Methods:Participants enrolled in a university‐based WWP between January 2013 and May 2014, received individual counseling with a Registered Dietitian (RD) and 12 weeks of group lifestyle education sessions. At both baseline and follow‐up, participants completed the CDC's “Healthy Days Measure” and had their WC measured. The Healthy Days core module captures the number of days (of the last 30) that physical or mental health was “not good.” Physically and mentally unhealthy days are added together to create the Summary Score (SS), a marker of HRQoL. Changes in SS and WC were calculated by subtracting baseline from follow‐up value. The sample was grouped based on pattern of WC change: gain, no change, loss of <5cm, and loss of 蠅5cm. Mean changes in SS by WC change group with 95% confidence intervals are reported.Results:There were 146 participants; 89% (n=130) women; mean age of 46.6 years (SD=12.1). Changes in SS by WC change group form a J‐shaped relationship. The gain WC group had a mean loss of 2.8 unhealthy days (95% CI: ‐7.1, 1.5) while the no change group had a mean gain of 2.8 unhealthy days (95% CI: ‐6.5, 12.2). The loss of WC <5 cm group had a mean loss of 1.4 unhealthy days (95% CI: ‐3.8, 1.1). SS decreased by a mean of 6.7 unhealthy days (95% CI: ‐10.3, ‐2.6) for those that lost 蠅5 cm indicating a statistically significant reduction which is nearly 5 times that of those who lost <5 cm or gained.ConclusionReductions in WC are associated with significant reductions in unhealthy days among participants. Further research is warranted to examine associations and factors that may contribute to them.Funding Source: Internally supported WWP.
American Minor Dietary Patterns and Age‐related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Chiu Chung‐Jung , Chang Min‐Lee , Li Tricia , Gensler Gary , Taylor Allen 
Published: June 2021

Objective:To evaluate the relationships between American minor dietary patterns and AMD.Methods:8,103 eyes from 4,088 eligible participants in the baseline Age‐Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) were classified into control (n=2,739), early AMD (n=4,599), and advanced AMD (n=765) according to the AREDS AMD Classification System. Using food consumption data collected by a 90‐item food frequency questionnaire, eight minor dietary patterns were characterized by principle component analysis based on 37 food groups.Results:The eight minor dietary patterns were named Steak, Breakfast, Salad, Caribbean, Pizza, Peanut, Alcohol, and Beverage patterns. For advanced AMD, the multivariate‐adjusted OR comparing the highest to lowest quintile of the pattern score was 1.73 (95% CI: 1.24 to 2.41; Ptrend=0.02) for the Steak pattern, 0.60 (95% CI: 0.44 to 0.82; Ptrend=0.004) for the Breakfast pattern, 0.64 (95% CI: 0.47 to 0.89; Ptrend=0.009) for the Caribbean pattern, and 0.64 (95% CI: 0.46 to 0.89; Ptrend=0.03) for the Peanut pattern.ConclusionsThis cross‐sectional analysis indicates that a diet characterized by higher intake of leafy and salad vegetables alone, such as the Salad pattern, may be insufficient to provide a protection against AMD, and some foods that have not been recognized previously, such as peanuts, may be protective against AMD. These results, in conjunction with our previous analysis of major American dietary patterns, suggest that a diet consisted of diverse healthy foods may be the best dietary option for reducing AMD risk.
Do Food Group Intake and Physical Activity during Growth Spurt Have Impact on Bone Health during Adulthood
Authors: Movassagh Elham , Vatanparats Hassan 
Published: June 2021

The amount of bone mass achieved during childhood to early adulthood is one the most important predictors of osteoporosis later in life. Since almost 25% of peak bone mass is attained during the 4‐year period around age at peak height velocity (APHV), we aimed to determine how milk and alternatives intake, fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake and physical activity (PA) during 4‐year period around PHV (growth spurt) impact maximum total‐body bone mineral density (Max‐TBBMD) at least 10 years after age at PHV (adulthood).The Saskatchewan Pediatric Bone Mineral Accrual Study (BMAS 1991‐2011) data from 103 participants (55 female and 48 male) were used for this analysis. Data were collected using serial 24‐h recalls, PA questionnaire and dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry machine. Biological age was defined as the number of years after PHV. We analyzed data using stepwise linear regression.Among all modifiable factors, adulthood F&V intake was a significant independent predictor of max‐TBBMD after adjusting for all potential variables (β=0.132 g/cm2; P =0.014). Mean intake of F&V intake during adulthood was 4.82±2.58 serving/d with only 14.6% adequate intake. Other predictors were TBBMD at APHV, adulthood total body lean mass, height, and biological age at Max‐TBBMD.Beneficial effect of adulthood F&V intake might be due to acid‐buffering effect and providing nutrients and natural compounds essential for bone mineral maintenance during adulthood.The source of the research support was Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR).
A New Natural Extract with Anti‐Aging and Regenerative Properties for Skin
Authors: Torrent A , Montell E. , Vergés J. , Ruhí R. , Dalmau P. , Zurbano M.J. , Romero J. 
Published: June 2021

Objective:The skin, like other organs, is subject to chronological ageing. In addition, exposure to ultraviolet radiation can lead to a reduction in collagen and an increased expression of Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).The aim of this study is to determine the anti‐aging and regenerative effect of BIX003, a natural extract from porcine cartilage with Cosmetic and Nutricosmetic potential. BIX003 is a natural product rich in bioactive substances due to the mild conditions used in the manufacturing process.Methods:The anti‐aging action was determined using a culture of human dermal fibroblasts (HDF). The potential to increase skin elasticity was determined by quantifying elastin levels and the effect on MMP‐1 production was quantified by ELISA. Effects on proliferation of HDF were also tested.Results:BIX003 induced a significant increase of HDF proliferation. In addition, the extract showed a potent induction of elastin synthesis up to 12%. Moreover, it was a potent inhibitor of the MMP‐1 production at all tested concentrations in a dose‐dependent manner. The same effect was observed in MMP‐1 activity (up to 70% reduction). Finally, a mild hydrating action was observed (12% increase at 500 µg/mL).ConclusionsThese data demonstrate that BIX003 exerts its anti‐ageing benefits not only via enhanced fibroblast proliferation, but also through an increase in elastin synthesis and a potent inhibition of production and activity of MMP‐1. All together, these results suggest that this natural extract may be useful for Skin Care, specially for mature skin in which there is a reduction in skin firmness due to the increased MMP synthesis.Supported by BIOIBERICA S.A., Barcelona, Spain.
Food assistance programs have an indirect effect on a non‐anemia trend via household food insecurity and socio economic conditions in children receiving the benefit from San Luis Potosi, Mexico
Authors: Mendez Gomez Humaran Ignacio , Shamah Levy Teresa , Cuevas Nasu Lucia , Gaona Pineda Elsa Berenice 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate the indirect association of food assistance programs with anemia in children beneficiaries.Methods:Based on an Impact evaluation study of Food Assistance Programs (FAP) in San Luis Potosi, México we generated an Structural Equation Model to study the effect of FAP on anthropometric conditions and anemia of 1366 households with children (< 5y old) beneficiaries of two FAP: Prospera (before Oportunidades) and Rescue to Malnutrition with amaranth compared to a Control group. We used the Latin American and Caribbean household food Security measurement scale (ELCSA) and a multivariate socio economic index based on house characteristics and possessions to generate the food and socio economic condition (FSEC) as the intermediary factor. Non Anemia trend in children was represented by an increase in hemoglobin levels. A Structural Equation model was constructed to show relationships.Results:Prospera Assistance Program shows a positive significant effect on the FSEC and the Rescue program shows the opposite effect, FSEC shows a positive effect on hemoglobin levels as a non‐anemia trend.ConclusionsThe effect of FAP shows effect on FSEC directly and this as a result can modify hemoglobin levels with the consequent anemia reduction.Supported by FOMIX, SLP‐COPOCYTProject: FMSLP‐213‐CO2‐208475
Comparison of Four Different Supplementary Foods in the Treatment of Moderate Acute Malnutrition (MAM) in Children Under Five in Sierra Leone
Authors: Marron Bethany , Green Jamie , Jayson Lauren , Suri Devika , Marcus Shelley , Boiteau Jocelyn , Manary Mark , Webb Patrick , Rogers Beatrice 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveA prospective cluster randomized control trial, supported by WFP and USAID, compared the effectiveness of four supplementary foods in the treatment of moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) in children 6‐59 months of age in normal programmatic settings in Sierra Leone.MethodsTwenty clinics in Kenema District were randomly assigned to one of four treatment foods: Super Cereal (SC) plus fortified vegetable oil (FVO) and sugar (acting as the comparison group), Super Cereal Plus (SC+), Corn Soy Blend 14 (CSB14) plus FVO, and Plumpy'Sup (PS). Children 6‐59 months with MAM (MUAC > 11.0 cm and < 12.5 cm) were enrolled in the clinic‐based supplementary feeding programs, receiving a food ration every 2 weeks for 12 weeks or until recovered from MAM (determined by MUAC 蠅 12.5 cm). Beneficiaries' anthropometric data were collected during each clinic visit including MUAC, height, and weight.ResultsThe study was terminated early due to the Ebola outbreak and our sample size was reduced from 5000 to 1153 children who enrolled and completed the study. Out of these, recovery rates were 61% in the SC plus FVO group (comparison), 56% in the CSB14 group, 57% in the PS group, and 63% in the SC+ group. There were no significant differences in recovery rates, SAM, or failure to respond between each study arm and the SC comparison group; death rates were significantly higher in SC+ compared with SC (0.9% vs 3.2%, p=0.046).ConclusionWe found no significant difference in MAM recovery rates among the four supplementary foods. However, due to our limited sample size the power to detect a significant difference was reduced.
Implementation of a national training system to address nutrition transition at primary care in Mexico
Authors: Gonzalez Wendy , Bonvecchio Anabelle , Rivera Juan , Magaña Laura , Villa de la Vega Alejandria , Rosas Cynthia , Neufeld Lynnette 
Published: June 2021

Mexico, as many developing countries, is undergoing a nutrition transition characterized by the coexistence of undernutrition (stunting and micronutrient deficiencies) alongside obesity and chronic diseases. Health workers need essential competencies, skills, and attitudes to address this problem.The objective of this paper is to describe the design and implementation of a national training system at the primary care level to address nutrition transition in Mexico. Participant observation and data review were used as primary methods for data collection.Based on formative research, we designed, tested, and evaluated an in‐person cascade training for primary health workers. Training improved skills but failed to reach the lower levels of the cascade. We redesigned the training by 1) adopting a competency‐based approach to improve learning, and 2) developing virtual (online and offline) training modules. Furthermore, we designed a monitoring system and established clear timeline for implementation. Federal and state‐level officials were appointed as supervisors. Over 40,000 primary health workers successfully completed the training.In conclusion, the use of technology has the potential to improve reach and fidelity of the training system. Monitoring and supervision help ensure adequate implementation.
Breastfeeding Difficulties at Three Months are Associated with Formula Use in Vietnam
Authors: Henry Megan , Christian Parul , Kim Sunny , Nguyen Phuong , Rawat Rahul , Menon Purnima 
Published: June 2021

Breastfeeding (BF) difficulties after lactation is established are not well understood, and lack of support may lead to infant feeding practices that undermine exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). We assessed the association between BF difficulties at 3mo and formula feeding (FF) between 3‐6mo in a subsample of eligible mothers (n=604) as part of a 2010 Alive & Thrive baseline household survey in Vietnam (n=4029). Almost 14% of all mothers reported BF difficulties, including perception of insufficient milk (PIM, 38%), breast pain (15%), and poor latch (15%). Only half of mothers sought support for PIM compared to three‐quarters for pain or latch. Regardless of type of difficulty or support sought, use of formula was the most common recommendation to mothers. Over half of mothers FF in the first 6mo, but use was dynamic; 27% reported first use between 3‐6mo. In multivariable analysis, BF difficulties were associated with higher odds of FF at 3‐6mo (OR, 2.32; 95% CI 1.38, 3.91), as was maternal work outside the home (OR, 2.03; 95% CI 1.30, 3.18), FF at birth (OR, 1.86; 95% CI 1.27, 2.73), and child age (OR, 1.34; 95% CI 1.06, 1.68). No association was found for education, SES, having heard about EBF, food security, BMI, BF difficulties at birth, or recent child illness. In Vietnam, later BF difficulties are associated with formula use. Targeted support for PIM, breast pain, and latch is necessary if EBF goals are to be achieved. Reduced formula use at birth and support for working mothers are also necessary to decrease formula use between 3‐6mo.Funding Source: Alive & Thrive, funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and managed by FHI360
Measuring Brain Function in Newborns in Rural Gambia
Authors: Lloyd‐Fox Sarah , Halliday Drew , Begus Katarina , Darboe Momodue , Prentice Andrew , Moore Sophie , Elwell Clare 
Published: June 2021

The goal of our project is to establish assessments to evaluate the efficacy of nutritional interventions during the first 1000 days of life. Here we measure cognitive function in newborn infants.Cortical mapping of the brain during infancy is rarely undertaken in low‐income countries due to the lack of transportable neuroimaging methods. Studying the infant brain in situations where development may be compromised in some way, such as through under nutrition, may provide information that has been unavailable with behavioural paradigms particularly for infants who may be too young to elicit overt responses in behaviour. Functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) ‐ which uses the absorption of near infrared light to non‐invasively measure changes in oxygen in the blood ‐ is an elegant method for assessing cognitive function in such settings. We transported a custom‐built fNIRS system to a field station in rural West Africa (The Gambia). Twenty‐three 0 ‐ 2 month olds listened to vocal (i.e. laughter) and non‐vocal (i.e. water running) sounds, while haemodynamic responses were recorded using fNIRS. We found specialised activation in the superior and middle temporal cortex. These results confirm the suitability of fNIRS in this age group in a resource poor setting. Changes in cortical haemoglobin may afford early biomarkers that are more sensitive to nutritional insults affecting cognition than current standardised behavioural measures.
Association Between Binge Drinking and Food Addiction in College Students
Authors: Dopler‐Nelson Mindy , Ackerson Leland 
Published: June 2021

The objective of this investigation was to determine whether binge drinking (BD) is associated with food addiction (FA). Since BD has become a problem among college‐aged students, BD associated with FA may contribute to obesity in this population. We hypothesized that students who binge drink are at increased risk of FA related to the hedonic value of both along with compromised decision‐making ability due to impairment under heavy alcohol consumption.MethodsData for this cross‐sectional study were collected using a web‐based survey tool. Participants consisted of a convenience sample of college students, with and without BD, who answered >5 FA questions and BD questions in our survey. Questions targeted age, gender, race, socioeconomic status, symptomatology and self‐classification of binge drinking behavior, and eating behavior in terms of FA based on the Yale Food Addiction Scale. Students were classified as non‐binge drinkers if they reported never binge drinking.Results1809 were eligible for participation in this study. 83.2% of participants were 18‐24 years old. 34.2% of participants binge drank within 30 days and 21.0% binge drank more than 30 days but within one year of taking the survey. Of the 1197 students who reported binge drinking, 10.1% showed high symptomatology of FA. Of the 33.8% of students who reported never binge drinking, 7% showed high symptomatology of FA (p‐value=0.031).ConclusionThere is a strong association BD and food addiction. Factors influencing this association may be youth, living situations, and possible addictive personalities.No external support was used to conduct this study.