bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Substrate-induced electrostatic potential varies composition of supported lipid bilayer containing anionic lipid
Authors: Tero Ryugo , Kobayashi Natsumi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) are artificial lipid bilayers at solid–liquid interfaces applied as cell membrane model systems. An advantage of the artificial system is that the lipid composition can be controlled arbitrarily. On the other hand, the SLB formation process and its efficiency are affected by the properties of the solid substrate surface. In this study, we investigated the effect of the electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged SiO2/Si substrate surface and the lipid bilayer membrane on the composition of binary SLBs comprising anionic and neutral lipids. The phase transition temperature and the area fraction of lipid domains of SLB were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy and the fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. The neutral lipid was preferably included in SLB, but the anionic lipid ratio increased with Ca2+ concentration during the SLB formation. The lipid composition in SLB can be controlled by modulating the substrate-induced electrostatic potential.
Dynamically tunable ultralong photonic nanojets by a curved surface truncated dielectric microcylinder
Authors: Xing Yi , Shu Fengfeng , Xing Huaming , Wu Yihui 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
As for microparticles (microspheres or microcylinders) that form photonic nanojets (PNJs) in the near field, a curved truncated dielectric microcylinder structure (CSTDM) is investigated by the finite element method which can form ultralong PNJs with the longest effective length: 209.49

λ
.

Changing parameter h of the structure can realize long dynamic range tuning of the effective length of the PNJ. The effective length varies quasi-periodically with h; the law of the variation of main indicators of the microcylinder is further discussed, such as the effective length, the working distance, peak electric field intensity, and full width at half height.
Simultaneous measurement of photocurrent and recombination emission in organic solar cell
Authors: Lee Ji-Hyun , Hiramoto Masahiro , Izawa Seiichiro 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Charge transfer (CT) state is a key intermediate to understand recombination processes in organic solar cells (OSCs). In this study, we measured the recombination emission from the CT state under different applied voltages in OSCs and a photocurrent density flowing on the circuit simultaneously. We proposed a “photoluminescence (PL)–voltage (V) plot” that is the voltage dependence of PL intensity of the CT state. The PL–V plot includes information only from the CT state recombination at the donor/acceptor interface and is complementary to the “current density (J)–V plot” that is the most important information for evaluating OSCs. The results demonstrated that the fill factor (FF) of the PL–V plot is higher than that of the J–V plot, predicting the ideal FF of the device. Our result demonstrated that the simultaneous measurement of photocurrent and recombination emission could be a strong tool for evaluating photoconversion characteristics in OSCs.
Fabrication of BaSi2 homojunction diodes on Nb-doped TiO2 coated glass substrates by aluminum-induced crystallization and two-step evaporation method
Authors: Kurokawa Yasuyoshi , Yoshino Takamasa , Gotoh Kazuhiro , Miyamoto Satoru , Usami Noritaka 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BaSi2 homojunction diodes on Nb-doped TiO2 (TiO2:Nb) coated glass substrates were fabricated using aluminum-induced crystallization (AIC) and a two-step evaporation method. From Raman scattering spectra, the growth of BaSi2 on TiO2:Nb was confirmed when the thickness of poly-Si grown by AIC (AIC-Si) was more than 150 nm. The partial formation of BaSi2 diodes was confirmed from the samples prepared at temperature during AIC T
AIC = 475 °C–525 °C. The long-wavelength edge of photoresponsivity of the diodes was located around 950 nm, which corresponds to the bandgap of BaSi2 of 1.3 eV, suggesting that this photocurrent is derived from BaSi2 thin films. At T
AIC = 500 °C, the maximum value of photoresponsivity was obtained. Since the largest grains in AIC-Si were also obtained at T
AIC = 500 °C, these results suggest that larger grain of AIC-Si leads to the improvement of the quality of BaSi2 thin films themselves and the performance of BaSi2 diodes.
Improvement of Q
rr
–I
DSS and dynamic avalanche of field-plate MOSFET by local lifetime control on the cathode side
Authors: Kobayashi Yusuke , Nishiwaki Tatsuya , Goryu Akihiro , Kachi Tsuyoshi , Gejo Ryohei , Gangi Hiro , Inokuchi Tomoaki , Takao Kazuto 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Reducing the reverse recovery charge (Q
rr) is effective for reducing switching loss in field plate (FP)-MOSFETs. A lifetime killer is utilized to reduce Q
rr while increasing the leakage current in the off-state. Device simulation shows that a local lifetime killer on the cathode side successfully improves the trade-off between Q
rr and I
DSS in comparison with that of a uniform lifetime killer. A known issue of cathode lifetime killers is overshoot voltage by hard recovery. However, the overshoot voltage of FP-MOSFET decreases with a cathode lifetime killer owing to an internal snubber, which is a feature of FP-MOSFETs. An internal snubber with a large series resistance causes a dynamic avalanche by both the increase of FP potential and excess carriers in high-speed operation. The cathode lifetime killer also improves dynamic avalanche by excess carriers. Consequently, the cathode lifetime killer is preferable for high-speed FP-MOSFETs because the Q
rr–I
DSS trade-off and the trade-off between dynamic avalanche and I
DSS are effectively improved.
Inappropriate antibiotic use for respiratory infections in outpatient settings
Authors: Omer Saman , Khan Bushra Tayyaba , Jalil Omer , Khan Muhammad Waqar Aslam , Mehdi Quratulain , Sharif Mahjabeen 
Published: December 2021

Background: Overuse of antibiotics is a significant problem in low- and middle-income countries where recommended treatment guidelines are not routinely practiced, resulting in antimicrobial resistance. Acute respiratory tract infections, mostly viral in origin, remain the clinical category for most commonly prescribed antibiotics. Due to the lack of local evidence about antibiotic prescribing trends in such infections, this study was conducted to evaluate the prescribing patterns in general and antibiotic prescribing trends specifically in prescriptions with the diagnosis of acute respiratory infections in district Mirpur of Azad Kashmir.
Patients and methods: A prospective cross-sectional study carried out in the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, and outpatient departments of public health facilities in district Mirpur, Kashmir, from Aug to Oct 2020. Data were collected from 10 different public health facilities in District Mirpur, Kashmir including, three rural health centers (RHC) and five basic health units (BHU). Prescribing pattern analysis by objective observations of the prescriptions after patient-physician encounter against the World Health Organization defined core prescribing indicators. The appropriateness of antibiotic use was analyzed against clinical practice guidelines. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26 was used for data analysis. Descriptive analysis was done to find frequencies and percentages for categorical data and means and standard deviation for continuous data.
Results: Total number of prescriptions evaluated was 144. Number of prescriptions containing antibiotics was 118 (82%) (standard, 20 - 26.8%). Inappropriate use of antibiotics was seen in 78% of cases where no antibiotics were indicated. The average number of medicines per prescription was 3.11 (standard, 2.1), whereas 79% of medicines prescribed were from the national essential medicine list (standard, 100%). Only 2.5% (standard, 100%) of the medications were prescribed with generic names.
Conclusion: This study shows an inappropriate and overuse of antibiotics for acute respiratory tract infections, indicating a lack of adherence to core prescribing indicators and clinical guidelines by the physicians in outpatient clinics of Mirpur.
Diagnostic accuracy of toluidine blue in early detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chishty Muhammad Salman , Sajid Malik Ali Hassan , Younus Shoaib - , Haq Usman Ul 
Published: December 2021

Background: Indian sub-continent (India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh) is one of the high-risk populations for oral cancer cases. Intraoral screening is critical to diagnosis and treating oral cancer at an early stage for a better prognosis. Among the diagnostic adjuncts, toluidine blue staining is considered a simplistic, cost-effective, and highly sensitive method. The objective of the current study was to find out the diagnostic accuracy of toluidine blue in the early detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Patients and methods: This prospective observational study was undertaken at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dentistry, CMH Lahore Medical College from15-09-2019 to 15-03-2020 after getting approval from IRB. Based on inclusion criteria, a sample size of 100 was calculated and enrolled in the study. Non-probability convenient sampling technique was utilized. Oral staining of 100 patients was done with 1% toluidine blue on an OPD basis, and incisional biopsies were then performed. Staining pattern and histopathology reports of patients were evaluated to assess the diagnostic accuracy
Results: The study results revealed the sensitivity of Toluidine Blue as 89.87%, and specificity of toluidine blue was found as 76.19%. Positive and negative predictive values of Toluidine Blue remained 93.42% and 66.67%, respectively.
Conclusion: Toluidine blue has good diagnostic accuracy for early detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).
Формування духовності зростаючої особистості в умовах соціалізуючих викликів сучасності
Authors: Бордюк Володимир , Ковбасюк Тетяна 
Published: December 2021

У статті висвітлено підходи щодо формування духовності особистості. На основі аналізу наукових праць схарактеризовано феномен духовності як свідчення єднання людини з Високим, духовним, Божественним та абсолютним. Окреслено основні напрями вивчення духовності особистості: філософсько-релігійний як пробудження внутрішньої дійсності людини, її душі, прагнення об’єднатися з вищою дійсністю і перетворитися у нову особистість; культурологічний як процес олюднення, окультурення людини; психолого-педагогічний, в основі якого освітня діяльність розглядається як процес складання духовного світу особистості; соціально-психологічний як вищий прояв внутрішнього світу особистості, що виявляється в людяності, сердечності, доброті, щирості, чесності, відкритості для інших людей, широті поглядів, ерудиції, культурі, загальному розвитку особистості, інтелігентності та що утворює її духовний потенціал; психологічний, завдяки якому духовність представлена як людська якість, що спрямовує особистість до самопізнання, самовдосконалення, творчого розвитку, гуманістичної поведінки.
Визначено сутність духовності як мети й досягнень людини, результату її цілеспрямованих зусиль. Основну увагу закцентовано на тому, що людина має як фізичну складову, так і духовну, зокрема в контексті розкриття проблеми змодельовано структуру людської душі у вигляді трьох складових: душі розумної (голова), душі емоцій і почуттів (серце), душі потягів та пристрастей (сідалище). Обґрунтовано вплив духовності на розвиток сучасного мистецтва. Доведено, що саме в духовності особистості закладена основа самореалізації в усіх її виявах (пізнавальна, моральна, естетична, самоосвітня, самопізнавальна, самовиховна, комунікативна), а головною умовою розвитку духовності особистості є її любов до інших людей.
Production and Purification of aflatoxin b1 from Local Isolate of Aspergillus flavus
Authors: Mohammed Abdullah Zayer  , Rafid Abdalwahd  , Essam Fadel al-jumaili  
Published: December 2021

Background and Objective: Aflatoxins are cancerogenic compounds produced predominantly by certain strains of the Aspergillus genus. Food and feed contamination by aflatoxin (AF)B1 has adverse economic and health consequences. Unfortunately, these contaminants can never be completely removed, and on that account, many studies have been carried out to explore an effective process of their detoxification to a threshold level. Results: A thermostable enzyme purified from the boiled supernatant was designated as Horseradish aflatoxin-degrading enzyme (HADE). An overall 9.55-fold purification of HADE with a recovery of 39.92% and an activity of 3.85 × 103 U·mg−1 was obtained using chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose. peroxidase had an estimated molecular mass of 34 kDa and exhibited the highest activity at 25 °C and pH 7.0. peroxidase is the major protein involved in AFB1 detoxification. Conclusion: PTLC It is reliable as it is a good and reliable method for separating compounds and toxins. It is necessary to study the other compounds that the Aspergillus fungus secretes, as they are likely to cause harms more dangerous than aflatoxin B1.
Implementasi Pembelajaran Multimedia Interaktif Untuk Meningkatkan Semangat Belajar Anak Pada Kelurahan Sungaisibam
Authors: Khusnul Fikri  , Bagas Tri Ramadana  
Published: December 2021

Saai ini dunia sedang menghadapi pandemi global covid-19 yang mengakibatkan banyak aspek yang terdampak oleh wabah ini. Salah satu aspek yang berdampak yaitu aspek pendidikan, dimana masyarakat dituntut untuk mengurangi kegiatan diluar rumah serta proses tatap muka belajar di sekolah dilakukan secara daring/online. Berdasarkan hasil survei yang telah dilakukan permasalahan yang dihadapi antara lain : (1) Berkurangnya semangat belajar anak-anak (2) Anak-anak lebih cenderung lebih sering bermain game pada smartphone. Solusi yang dihadirkan dengan membuat media pembelajaran berbasis multimedia interaktif. Multimedia interaktif merupakan suatu multimedia yang dilengkapi dengan alat pengontrolan yang dapat dioperasikan oleh pengguna, sehingga pengguna dapat memilih apa yang dikehendaki untuk proses selanjutnya. Multimedia interaktif yang dibuat dikemas dalam bentuk android yang dibuat dengan memanfaatkan software Microsoft Office Power Point 2016, iSpring Suite 10, dan Web 2 APK. Berisi materi Pendidikan Agama, Pendidikan Karakter, dan Pendidikan Kreativitas dilengkapi juga video pembelajaran dan kuis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk : (1) Meningkatkan semangat belajar anak-anak pada RW 01 Kelurahan Sungaisibam, (2) Membuat aplikasi Multimedia Interaktif berbasis Android, dan (3) Melakukan pendampingan belajar guna mengoptimalkan pembelajaran berbasis online.
Les enjeux de la formation continue des enseignants dans les Centres Régionaux des Métiers de l’Education et de la Formation (CRMEF) au Maroc
Authors: MILI Abdesselam , EROUIHANE Jaouad , TOUBI Lahcen 
Published: December 2021

La formation continue des enseignants au Maroc a pris des formes multiples et diversifiées sur le plan organisationnel et fonctionnel. Aussi le recours à la formation continue reste-t-il, malgré tout, faible et n’atteint généralement pas les résultats escomptés. Actuellement, les CRMEF[1] sont les seules entités chargées de la formation du personnel du MEN[2] (enseignants, administrateurs, techniciens…). Cette mission, parmi d’autres, attribuée aux CRMEF est dans sa phase d’implémentation. En effet, la formation continue des enseignants, qui constitue la mission phare des CRMEF, n’a pas encore pris l’élan qu’il faut. S’agit-il d’un blocage institutionnel, financier, ou pédagogique ? Rappelons que, selon le décret en vigueur, les CRMEF et les AREF[3] doivent coordonner entre eux pour réaliser cette mission. Or, il est plus facile de dire que de faire. Nous allons montrer à travers l’expérimentation du dispositif de formation continue de la langue française durant l’année scolaire 2014/2015, l’importance de la prise en compte de certaines dispositions notamment : la qualité du dispositif de formation, le type de motivation attendu par les bénéficiaires, le processus de changement des représentations des concernés, pour garantir une formation qui pourrait avoir un impact positif sur le système. La nature de la nouvelle formule de formation est permanente, hebdomadaire et assurée au CRMEF selon un créneau horaire négocié.

[1] Les centres régionaux des métiers de l’Education et de la Formation.
[2] Ministère de l’Education Nationale et de la Formation professionnelle.
[3] Académie Régionale de l’Education et la Formation.
Farklı anaçlar üzerinde yetiştirilen sofralık üzüm çeşitlerinin şanlıurfa ekolojik koşullarında etkili sıcaklık toplamı (EST) gereksinimlerinin belirlenmesi
Authors: Odabaşıoğlu Mehmet İlhan , Gürsöz Sadettin 
Published: December 2021

Amaç: Yöntem ve Bulgular: Genel Yorum: Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi:
Pengaruh KIE Menggunakan Buku Saku terhadap Peningkatan Pengetahuan Akseptor KB Hormonal di Puskesmas Soreang Kabupaten Bandung Tahun 2019
Authors: M. Putri Istiqomah , Wijaya Merry , Dyah Bestari Astuti 
Published: December 2021

Hipertensi merupakan penyakit tidak menular yang banyak terjadi dan mempunyai tingkat mortalitas yang cukup tinggi serta mempengaruhi kualitas hidup dan produktifitas seseorang. Hipertensi relatif lebih tinggi terjadi pada wanita dengan prevalensi 28,8%. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah kurangnya pengetahuan dan pemberian KIE tentang bahaya penggunaan KB hormonal pada akseptor KB hormonal yang memiliki hipertensi dan penggunaan secara jangka panjang. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pemberian KIE menggunakan buku saku pada akseptor KB hormonal. Penelitian mengunakan kuantitatif semu experimental dengan one grup pre-test post-test. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan simple random sampling pada 100 akseptor KB hormonal di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Soreang yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesionar dianalisis menggunakan Uji Wilcoxon untuk mengetahui perbedaan pengetahuan sebelum dan sesudah diberikan perlakuan. Hasil penelitian p-value=(,000) terdapat pengaruh yang bermakna pada pengetahuan akseptor KB hormonal di Puskesmas Soreang sebelum dan sesudah diberikan intervensi. Pemberian KIE dengan buku saku meningkatkan pengetahuan akseptor KB hormonal tentang risiko hipertensi pada akseptor KB hormonal di Puskesmas Soreang.Diharapkan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan akseptor KB dalam memilih jenis kontrasepsi yang sesuai dengan keadaannya.
Penyelidikan Epidemiologi Kejadian Covid-19 di Wilayah Kerja Palabuhanratu Kabupaten Sukabumi Tahun 2020
Authors: Suryamah Yeni 
Published: December 2021

COVID-19 merupakan penyakit jenis baru yang belum pernah diidentifikasi sebelumnya pada manusia yang dapat menular dari manusia ke manusia melalui kontak erat dan droplet, tidak melalui udara. WHO telah menetapkan sebagai Kedaruratan Kesehatan Masyarakat Yang Meresahkan Dunia / Public Health Emergency of International Concern (KKMMD/PHEIC). COVID-19 pertama dilaporkan di Indonesia pada tanggal 2 Maret 2020 sejumlah 2 kasus. Sampai dengan 31 desember 2020 di Indonesia sudah terdapat 743.198 konfirmasi kasus positif, meninggal sebanyak 22.138 dan sebanyak 611.097 kasus telah dinyatakan sembuh. Kasus pandemic COVID-19 yang masuk ke Indonesia bisa dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, diantaranya lemahnya pengawasan terhadap pintu masuk wilayah negara maupun kegiatan surveilans epidemiologi yang belum maksimal. Bertujuan melakukan kegiatan kekarantinaan kesehatan pada situasi khusus COVID-19 yang pelaksanaannya dilakukan di wilayah kerja Palabuhanratu Kabupaten Sukabumi. Desain studi ini menggunakan deskriptif Cross Sectional dengan batasan waktu bulan September hingga desember 2020. Alat pengumpul data menggunakan formulir pemeriksaan, Formulir PE COVID-19, Thermalgun, Spirometri dan Rapid Test COVID-19. Hasil penyelidikan epidemiologi didapatkan sebanyak 17 kapal yang datang ke Dermaga Palabuhanratu yang dikarantina (6,16%). Pemeriksaan rapid test antibody didapatkan 45 orang dengan hasil reaktif (Reactivity rate = 0,022%) dan 18 orang dari 45 orang reaktif tersebut diketahui positif COVID-19 (positivity rate = 0,40). Sebagian besar penderita COVID-19 adalah pria (89%) dan berusia 40-49 tahun (27,78%) yang berprofesi sebagai Mualim kapal (44,4%). Sebanyak 4 orang dirawat di ruang isolasi RSUD Palabuhanratu, 4 orang melakukan isolasi mandiri di hotel sekitar dermaga dan sisanya melakukan karantina mandiri.Rekomendasi yaitu memperketat surveilans di pintu masuk Palabuhanratu melalui konfirmasi kepada agen kapal agar setiap kapal yang akan masuk ke area Palabuhanratu membawa hasil pemeriksaan negatif swab RTPCR atau Swab antigen.
Strategi Komunikasi Pemerintah Indonesia dalam Penanganan COVID-19 pada Majalah TEMPO Edisi Maret-Juli 2020
Authors: Sulistyowati Fadjarini 
Published: December 2021

Dalam mengantisipasi Pandemi Covid-19, kebijakan pemerintah perlu dikomunikasikan ke masyarakat dengan jelas dan transparan. Penyampaian kebijakan yang tidak strategis akan memberikan dampak dalam komunikasi publik. Komunikasi publik yang tidak terencana dengan baik akan mengakibatkan kepanikan dan ketidakpercayaan masyarakat. Komunikasi publik terbangun melalui strategi komunikasi yang tepat. Pada awal adanya Pandemi Covid-19 pemerintah perlu menyusun strategi komunikasi yang tepat sehingga penyampaian kebijakan dapat terencana dan informasi dapat tersampaikan ke masyarakat. Strategi komunikasi menentukan suatu rancangan pesan yang dibuat sehingga dapat memberikan kejelasan kebijakan pemerintah dalam mengatasi pandemi Covid-19. Media menjadi penyampai pesan dari pemerintah ke masyarakat. Media mampu mengkonstruksikan strategi komunikasi pemerintah dalam penanganan Pandemi Covid-19 melalui pemberitaan yang disampaikan. Dengan framenya media membangun persepsi masyarakat atas pemberitaan tersebut. Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan frame Majalah Tempo terkait strategi komunikasi pemerintah dalam penanganan Pandemi Covid 19. Metode yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis framing dengan analisis dari Entmann. Pengumpulan berita dilakukan sejak bulan awal Maret – Akhir Juli 2020. Dari berita-berita tersebut dipilih berita-berita yang terkait dengan strategi komunikasi pemerintah terkait penanganan Covid-19.. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Majalah Tempo menframe bahwa pemerintah belum menerapkan strategi komunikasi dalam penanganan Covid-19, baik pada awal pandemi Covid-19, masa pelaksanaan PSBB (Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar) dan masa normal baru. Majalah Tempo mampu memberikan kontrol terhadap kebijakan yang berkaitan dengan strategi komunikasi pemerintah dalam penanganan Covid-19.
Estimation of Photometric Redshifts. I. Machine-learning Inference for Pan-STARRS1 Galaxies Using Neural Networks
Authors: Lee Joongoo , Shin Min-Su 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe present a new machine-learning model for estimating photometric redshifts with improved accuracy for galaxies in Pan-STARRS1 data release 1. Depending on the estimation range of redshifts, this model based on neural networks can handle the difficulty for inferring photometric redshifts. Moreover, to reduce bias induced by the new model's ability to deal with estimation difficulty, it exploits the power of ensemble learning. We extensively examine the mapping between input features and target redshift spaces to which the model is validly applicable to discover the strength and weaknesses of the trained model. Because our trained model is well calibrated, our model produces reliable confidence information about objects with non-catastrophic estimation. While our model is highly accurate for most test examples residing in the input space, where training samples are densely populated, its accuracy quickly diminishes for sparse samples and unobserved objects (i.e., unseen samples) in training. We report that out-of-distribution (OOD) samples for our model contain both physically OOD objects (i.e., stars and quasars) and galaxies with observed properties not represented by training data. The code for our model is available athttps://github.com/GooLee0123/MBRNNfor other uses of the model and retraining the model with different data.