bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Curiosity Is Contagious: A Social Influence Intervention to Induce Curiosity
Authors: Dubey Rachit , Mehta Hermish , Lombrozo Tania 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOur actions and decisions are regularly influenced by the social environment around us. Can social cues be leveraged to induce curiosity and affect subsequent behavior? Across two experiments, we show that curiosity is contagious: The social environment can influence people's curiosity about the answers to scientific questions. Participants were presented with everyday questions about science from a popular on‐line forum, and these were shown with a high or low number of up‐votes as a social cue to popularity. Participants indicated their curiosity about the answers, and they were given an opportunity to reveal a subset of those answers. Participants reported greater curiosity about the answers to questions when the questions were presented with a high (vs. low) number of up‐votes, and they were also more likely to choose to reveal the answers to questions with a high (vs. low) number of up‐votes. These effects were partially mediated by surprise and by the inferred usefulness of knowledge, with a more dramatic effect of low up‐votes in reducing curiosity than of high up‐votes in boosting curiosity. Taken together, these results highlight the important role social information plays in shaping our curiosity.
Metabolomics analysis of the serum from children with urolithiasis using UPLC‐MS
Authors: Wen Junxiang , Cao Yinyin , Li Yang , Zhu Fenhua , Yuan Meifen , Xu Jin , Li Jian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPediatric urolithiasis is a common urologic disease with high morbidity and recurrence rates. Recent studies have shown that metabolic dysfunction plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of urolithiasis, especially in children, but the specific mechanism is still unclear. Metabolomics is an ideal technology for exploring the mechanism of metabolic disorders in urolithiasis. In the present study, a serum metabolomics based on ultra‐performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry was performed. A total of 50 children subjects were recruited for the study, including 30 patients with kidney stones and 20 normal controls (NCs). Principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least‐squares determinant analysis were carried, and 40 metabolites were found to be significantly altered in patients with kidney stones, mainly involving retinol metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism. The kidney stone group appeared to have a lower serum level of bilirubin, but a relative higher level of retinal, all‐transretinoic acid, progesterone, and prostaglandin E2 compared with those of the NC group. All the findings suggest that patients with urolithiasis have several metabolic characteristics, which are related to stone formation or compensation. These metabolites and pathways are very likely associated with development of kidney stones and should be considered as potential novel targets for treatment and prevention.
Supply network resilience learning: An exploratory data analytics study
Authors: Chen Kedong , Li Yuhong , Linderman Kevin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWhen a supplier experiences a disruption, it learns how to better prevent and recover from future disruptions. As suppliers learn to become more resilient, the overall supply network also learns to become more resilient. This research draws on the organizational learning literature to introduce the concept of supply network resilience learning, which we define as the improvement of supply network resilience when suppliers learn from their own disruptions. The analysis integrates agent‐based modeling, experimental design, data analytics, and analytical modeling to investigate how supplier learning improves supply network learning. We examine how two types of supplier learning, namely, learning‐to‐prevent and learning‐to‐recover, affect supply network learning. The results show that suppliers' learning‐to‐prevent results in a disruption‐free supply network when time approaches infinity. However, the results differ across a more realistic finite time horizon. In this setting, learning‐to‐recover improves network learning when suppliers face a lower chance of disruption. The analysis also shows that centrally located suppliers enhance network learning, except when the risk of a disruption is high and the chance of diffusing a disruption to another supplier is high. In this setting, noncentral suppliers become more critical to supply network learning. This research provides a framework that will help practitioners understand the contingencies that influence the effect of supplier learning on the overall supply network resilience learning.
Enhancing patient participation in healthcare operations through patient training and education using the theoretical lens of media synchronicity
Authors: Damali Uzay , Fredendall Lawrence D. , Miller Janis L. , Moore DeWayne , Dye Cheryl J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe article proposes and tests a model that examines the type of communication media (personal meetings, group classes, and written materials) that is most effective to train and educate patients how to perform two critical self‐management tasks in the treatment of diabetes. The model is based on media synchronicity theory (MST), a media selection theory. The model was tested by surveying 326 patients diagnosed with diabetes. We found that patients best mastered coproduction tasks that required conveying large amounts of information when written documents were provided. However, when coproduction tasks required comprehension of information that had multiple interpretations, patients increased their coproduction task behaviors when the training was face‐to‐face. Also, as predicted by MST, when learning the healthcare task required conveying little new information that patients could comprehend without struggling, patients trained with face‐to‐face media performed this task better. Finally, as expected, when patients increased the number of task behaviors they performed, their health outcomes improved. We discuss how these findings apply not only to healthcare operations, but also to other services that require extensive customer coproduction.
Risk of intellectual disability and maternal history of spontaneous abortion: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Ji Honglei , Yu Yongfu , Miao Maohua , Qian Xu , Yuan Wei , Lin Yi , Liang Hong , Li Jiong 
Published: February 2021

AimTo investigate the association between a maternal history of spontaneous abortion and intellectual disability in children.MethodThis cohort study included 1 778 786 children (913 340 males, 865 085 females, 361 missing data; mean age 15y 2mo, SD 8y 11mo, range birth to 40y) born in Denmark between 1977 and 2016. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) of intellectual disability.ResultsThe overall HR of intellectual disability for children with a maternal history of spontaneous abortion was 1.17 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12–1.22) and the risk for multiple spontaneous abortions (HR=1.30, 95% CI 1.20–1.40) was higher than for a single spontaneous abortion (HR=1.13, 95% CI 1.07–1.18). When only cases of inpatient intellectual disability were included, the estimates increased slightly: the overall HR was 1.22 (95% CI 1.12–1.32), the HR for multiple spontaneous abortions was 1.37 (95% CI 1.20–1.58), and the HR for a single spontaneous abortion was 1.17 (95% CI 1.07–1.28). The risks were similar regardless of whether spontaneous abortion occurred before or after the index delivery. Estimates were nearly unchanged after adjusting for preterm birth, low birthweight, or Apgar score.InterpretationChildren born to mothers with spontaneous abortion, especially multiple spontaneous abortions, may be at a higher risk of intellectual disability in later life, regardless of whether spontaneous abortion occurred before or after the index delivery. The findings have clinical implications for targeted early intervention of children with intellectual disability.
What this paper adds

A maternal history of spontaneous abortion was associated with a risk of intellectual disability in offspring.

The risk was higher in children whose mothers previously had multiple spontaneous abortions.

Similar risks were observed regardless of whether spontaneous abortion occurred before or after childbirth.
Status of Nutrition In Hemodialysis Patients Survey (SNIPS): Malnutrition risk by diabetes status
Authors: Boaz Mona , Azoulay Odile , Kaufman‐Shriqui Vered , Weinstein Talia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundIncreased malnutrition risk has been observed in more than 40% people on haemodialysis in Israel. It is not clear that this risk is homogeneously distributed among people with versus without diabetes.ObjectivesTo examine the influence of diabetes on malnutrition risk among people on haemodialysis.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included a representative sample of 375 individuals on haemodialysis treated in hospital dialysis centres throughout Israel. Of these, 126 had diabetes. Dietary intake, biochemistry, anthropometric and hemodynamic measures were recorded. Malnutrition risk categories were defined: “minimal”: body mass index (BMI) ≥23 kg/m2 and serum albumin ≥38 mmol/L; “mild”: BMI <23 kg/m2 and albumin ≥38 mmol/L; “moderate”: BMI ≥23 kg/m2 and albumin <38 mmol/L; “severe”: BMI<23 k/m2 and serum albumin <38 mmol/L. These categories were dichotomized to “minimal” versus elevated malnutrition risk.ResultsDespite greater BMI, elevated malnutrition risk was identified in 58.8% of individuals with versus 39.3% without diabetes. Adherence to International Society for Renal Nutrition and Metabolism nutrition guidelines was poor regardless of diabetes status. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, diabetes: OR 2.15; C‐reactive protein (nmol/L): OR 1.02; delivered dialysis dose (Kt/V): OR 6.07; and haemoglobin (g/L): OR 0.79, predicted elevated malnutrition risk, even after controlling for age, sex and years on haemodialysis.DiscussionIndividuals on haemodialysis who have diabetes have elevated malnutrition risk compared to those without diabetes despite greater BMI.
Impacts of dual tax system on foreign capital status*
Authors: Wang Yaqi , Zou Jingxian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractForeign enterprises in China have long enjoyed ‘super‐national treatment’. This paper aims to explore the role of tax benefits in observed transitioning from domestic into foreign enterprise. Using firm‐level data, we find that the preferential tax policies enjoyed by foreign firms increase the probability of transitioning from domestic to foreign firms. To examine the effects of imported foreign direct investment (FDI), we separate introduced FDI into ‘genuine’ and ‘fake’ types according to the share of the host firm's registered capital, and it is seen that only ‘genuine’ FDI can improve the targeted firm's productivity and financial situation.
Ant species but not trait diversity increases at the edges: insights from a micro‐scale gradient in a semi‐natural Mediterranean ecosystem
Authors: Frasconi Wendt Clara , Frizzi Filippo , Aiello Giulia , Balzani Paride , Santini Giacomo 
Published: February 2021

1. Different habitat types are generally associated with shifts in ant species and traits, and even along a micro‐scale woodland–grassland gradient, ant biodiversity may change at the edge proximities as a result of abiotic alterations. However, to the best of authors' knowledge, the changes in ant diversity along this type of gradient are understudied, especially from a functional perspective.2. The authors sampled ant species in eight micro‐scale woodland–grassland gradients in a Mediterranean ecosystem, each comprising 16 m, to assess how ant species diversity, community composition, functional structure, and single‐ and multi‐trait functional diversity change at the edge and in the two adjacent habitats (woodland and grassland) as the distance from the edge increases.3. No differences in species richness, species diversity, and community composition were found within the woodland and grassland habitats. Distance from the edge into the adjacent habitats explained changes in functional structure and diversity, which mainly increased in the grassland habitat; body length, leg length, sugar‐based diet, dominant behaviour, and multi‐trait diversity increased in the grassland. Along the micro‐scale gradient, edges showed the highest species diversity and community composition that resulted from the overlap of the communities from the adjacent habitats.4. This study shed light on changes in ant species and traits along a micro‐scale woodland–grassland gradient, and it highlights the importance of integrating different diversity approaches (functional and taxonomic) at a micro‐spatial scale.
Internationalisation by demarcating the role of higher education in Sustainable Development Goals: The case of Israel
Authors: Yemini Miri 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMany policy makers and scholars consider higher education to be a key driver for states' implementation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); however, the impact of higher education in national SDGs adoption likely differs, based on features and characteristics of particular states. Hence, this study has two aims: (a) to analyse the public discourse on the engagement of the State of Israel with SDG implementation, focusing on the role of higher education in this process; and (b) to discuss the unique position of Israel in implementing and discussing SDGs, given the state's characteristic as a high‐income OECD country involved in an intractable geo‐political conflict that profoundly affects its society. Following an analysis of documents, I highlight the discrepancies between the potential role of higher education in implementing the SDGs and the role of higher education as articulated by the state and public discourse. Two significant discrepancies are found: first, the complete absence of Israel's national conflict in the discourse on SDGs reflected in formal documents published both by the state and by Israeli NGOs. Second, the misalignment between the structure and function of higher education in Israel in terms of internationalisation strategies adopted and the specific role ascribed to higher education within the SDG discourse.
Multiple spatial behaviours govern social network positions in a wild ungulate
Authors: Albery Gregory F. , Morris Alison , Morris Sean , Pemberton Josephine M. , Clutton‐Brock Tim H. , Nussey Daniel H. , Firth Josh A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe structure of wild animal social systems depends on a complex combination of intrinsic and extrinsic drivers. Population structuring and spatial behaviour are key determinants of individuals’ observed social behaviour, but quantifying these spatial components alongside multiple other drivers remains difficult due to data scarcity and analytical complexity. We used a 43‐year dataset detailing a wild red deer population to investigate how individuals’ spatial behaviours drive social network positioning, while simultaneously assessing other potential contributing factors. Using Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation (INLA) multi‐matrix animal models, we demonstrate that social network positions are shaped by two‐dimensional landscape locations, pairwise space sharing, individual range size, and spatial and temporal variation in population density, alongside smaller but detectable impacts of a selection of individual‐level phenotypic traits. These results indicate strong, multifaceted spatiotemporal structuring in this society, emphasising the importance of considering multiple spatial components when investigating the causes and consequences of sociality.
An evolutionary trade‐off between parasite virulence and dispersal at experimental invasion fronts
Authors: Nørgaard Louise S. , Zilio Giacomo , Saade Camille , Gougat‐Barbera Claire , Hall Matthew D. , Fronhofer Emanuel A. , Kaltz Oliver 
Published: February 2021

AbstractExploitative parasites are predicted to evolve in highly connected populations or in expanding epidemics. However, many parasites rely on host dispersal to reach new populations, potentially causing conflict between local transmission and global spread. We performed experimental range expansions in interconnected microcosms of the protozoan Paramecium caudatum, allowing natural dispersal of hosts infected with the bacterial parasite Holospora undulata. Parasites from range front treatments facilitated host dispersal and were less virulent, but also invested less in horizontal transmission than parasites from range cores. These differences were consistent with parameter estimates derived from an epidemiological model fitted on population‐level time‐series data. Our results illustrate how dispersal selection can have profound consequences for the evolution of parasite life history and virulence. Decrypting the eco‐evolutionary processes that shape parasite 'dispersal syndromes' may be important for the management of spreading epidemics in changing environments, biological invasions or in other spatial non‐equilibrium settings.
Experimental nitrogen fertilisation globally accelerates, then slows decomposition of leaf litter
Authors: Gill Allison L. , Schilling Jonathan , Hobbie Sarah E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPlant litter decomposition is a central process in the carbon (C) cycle and sensitive to ongoing anthropogenic nitrogen (N) fertilisation. Previous syntheses evaluating the effect of N fertilisation on litter decomposition relied largely on models that define a constant rate of mass loss throughout decomposition, which may mask hypothesised shifts in the effect of N fertilisation on litter decomposition dynamics. In this meta‐analysis, we compared the performance of four empirical decomposition models and showed that N fertilisation consistently accelerates early‐stage but slows late‐stage decomposition when the model structure allows for flexibility in decomposition rates through time. Within a particular substrate, early‐stage N‐stimulation of decomposition was associated with reduced rates of late‐stage decay. Because the products of early‐ vs. late‐stage decomposition are stabilised in soils through distinct chemical and physical mechanisms, N‐induced changes in the litter decomposition process may influence the formation and cycling of soil C, the largest terrestrial C pool.
Brief potentially ictal rhythmic discharges and paroxysmal fast activity as scalp electroencephalographic biomarkers of seizure activity and seizure onset zone
Authors: Yoo Ji Yeoun , Jetté Nathalie , Kwon Churl‐Su , Young James , Marcuse Lara V. , Fields Madeline C. , Gaspard Nicolas , Hirsch Lawrence J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe electroencephalographic (EEG) terms “brief potentially ictal rhythmic discharges” (BIRDs) and “paroxysmal fast activity” (PFA) are considered distinct entities; however, their definitions overlap, and they may have similar clinical significance. We investigated their clinical significance and their association with seizures and the seizure onset zone (SOZ).MethodsWe retrospectively identified an adult cohort (July 2015 to March 2018) whose long‐term (>12 h) EEGs in any setting reported BIRDs (>4 Hz, lasting .5–10 s) and/or PFA. Different frequency cutoffs for PFA (>13 Hz or ≥8 Hz) were tested to compare their clinical significance. Patient demographics, clinical history, and EEG features were recorded.ResultsWe identified 94 patients with BIRDs/PFA out of 3520 patients (3%); 36 were critically ill (12 with epilepsy), and 58 were noncritically ill (all with epilepsy). The frequency of BIRDs/PFA was largely dependent on EEG background: it tended to be slower (theta) in the absence of a posterior dominant rhythm or in the presence of continuous focal slowing in the same region (p = .01). Sixty‐two of 94 patients (66%; 32/36 [89%] critically ill, 30/58 [52%] noncritically ill) had electrographic seizures during the recording. The scalp EEG SOZ colocalized with BIRDs/PFA in all cases. BIRDs with faster frequency (also qualifying as PFA by definition) had similar seizure risk to that of slower BIRDs (62%–71%), regardless of frequency cutoff used to define PFA. In addition, 30 of 30 (100%) patients with evolving BIRDs/PFA (which lasted a median of 6 s, range = 2–9.5 s) had electrographic seizures (>10 s), compared to 32 of 64 (50%) with nonevolving BIRDs (median = 1 s, range = .5–3.5 s; p < .01).SignificanceA high proportion of patients with BIRDs/PFA had seizures on EEG, regardless of their frequency (i.e., whether they also qualified as PFA), and their location colocalized with scalp SOZ in all cases. BIRDs appear to be a scalp EEG biomarker of uncontrolled seizure activity and a reliable localizing sign of the SOZ.
First record of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in Syria
Authors: Heinoun K. , Muhammad E. , Abdullah Smadi H. , Annahhas D. , Abou Kubaa R. 
Published: February 2021

The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda is a lepidopteran pest that can damage and destroy a wide variety of crops. It is widely present in the Americans and has been invasive in Africa since 2016. Larvae of S. frugiperda were found for the first time in four rural farms on maize plants (Zea mays) located in Tafas town (Dara’a Governorate, in the south‐west of Syria) in November 2020. Infested maize showed the typical damage symptoms caused by S. frugiperda. Furthermore, morphological identification of larvae based on standard parameters of larvae confirmed the identity of the pest as fall armyworm. Considering the recent introduction of the pest into the EPPO region, it could be concluded that the pest probably entered Syria through natural spread (active flight and via wind currents) from Jordan, which borders Syria in the southern part and where the pest was found very recently.