bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histopathology of Parotid Pleomorphic Adenomas: A “Pleomorphic Approach” to a Demanding Lesion
Authors: Mantsopoulos Konstantinos , Thimsen Vivian , Gostian Antoniu‐Oreste , Müller Sarina K. , Sievert Matti , Iro Ann‐Kristin , Agaimy Abbas , Iro Heinrich 
Published: July 2021

Objectives/HypothesisThe aim of this study was to identify potential associations between epidemiologic, morphologic, and histopathologic features in pleomorphic adenomas (PAs) of the parotid gland in order to extract information about the natural course and biologic behavior of these lesions on the basis of a single‐center series of 845 cases within a period of 15 years.Study DesignRetrospective study in a tertiary academic center.MethodsFor this study, an experienced head and neck pathologist critically re‐evaluated the histological slides of the pathological specimens of all patients who underwent a parotidectomy for PA of the parotid gland between 2006 and 2020.ResultsA total of 845 cases made up our study sample. Our analysis showed a statistically significant association of the histologic subtype with younger age (P = .001) and maximal diameter (P = .044), with the hypocellular type being encountered more often in younger patients and in smaller lesions. The same subtype was significantly associated with an incomplete capsule (P = .001), pseudopodia (P = .006), and satellite nodules (P = .001). An incomplete capsule was associated with the presence of pseudopodia (P = .001) and satellite nodules (P = .001).ConclusionIt seems that various histologic subtypes have different capsule‐producing properties. Apparently, over the course of time, tumor material builds a finger‐like projection still inside the capsule, separates itself from the parenchyma with fibrous tissue still remaining enclosed within the capsule (pseudopodium), slowly penetrates the capsule (incomplete capsule), and leaves the main lesion taking a part of the capsule with it (satellite nodules). Laryngoscope, 132:73–77, 2022
How aesthetic features convey the concept of brand premiumness
Authors: Pombo Maria , Velasco Carlos 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWhen do aesthetic properties convey the concept of premiumness? Is symmetry tied to the perception of premiumness due to symmetry's evolutionary association to quality, an association not present with other aesthetic features like curvature? Usually, symmetry and curvature are preferred features. However, preference itself may not suffice to evoke premiumness. With this in mind, we predicted that symmetry (vs. asymmetry) and high(vs. low) product quality would both increase the perception of premiumness of a product while curvature (curved vs. angular) would only do so when it aligned with product quality. We conducted two preliminary exploratory experiments and four preregistered experiments in which we manipulated product quality, symmetry, and curvature of product packaging and measured preference and premiumness perception. We also conducted four additional experiments using a different product category to assess the generalizability of our results. We found that while both symmetry and curvature affect preference, only symmetry affects premiumness perception. Importantly, our results indicate that the extent to which aesthetic features convey brand premiumness can be product‐specific. We suggest a theoretical model on when visual aesthetic properties convey premiumness. Overall, our study informs how subtle aesthetic elements play a role in value perception, something which firms can capitalize on.
Association of genetic variants of FBXO32 and FOXO6 in the FOXO pathway with breast cancer risk
Authors: Wang Haijiao , Liu Hongliang , Zhao Lingling , Luo Sheng , Akinyemiju Tomi , Hwang Shelley , Yue Ying , Wei Qingyi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractForkhead box class O (FOXO) transcription factors play a pivotal role in regulating a variety of biological processes, including organismal development, cell signaling, cell metabolism, and tumorigenesis. Therefore, we hypothesize that genetic variants in FOXO pathway genes are associated with breast cancer (BC) risk. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a large meta‐analysis using 14 published genome‐wide association study (GWAS) data sets in the Discovery, Biology, and Risk of Inherited Variants in Breast Cancer (DRIVE) study. We assessed associations between 5214 (365 genotyped in DRIVE and 4849 imputed) common single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 55 FOXO pathway genes and BC risk. After multiple comparison corrections by the Bayesian false‐discovery probability method, we found five SNPs to be significantly associated with BC risk. In stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age, principal components, and previously published SNPs in the same data set, three independent SNPs (i.e., FBXO32 rs10093411 A>G, FOXO6 rs61229336 C>T, and FBXO32 rs62521280 C>T) remained to be significantly associated with BC risk (p = 0.0008, 0.0011, and 0.0017, respectively). Additional expression quantitative trait loci analysis revealed that the FBXO32 rs62521280 T allele was associated with decreased messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels in breast tissue, while the FOXO6 rs61229336 T allele was found to be associated with decreased mRNA expression levels in the whole blood cells. Once replicated by other investigators, these genetic variants may serve as new biomarkers for BC risk.
Novel homozygous protein‐truncating mutation of BBS9 identified in a Chinese consanguineous family with Bardet–Biedl syndrome
Authors: Tang Hai‐Yan , Xie Fen , Dai Ru‐Chun , Shi Xiao‐Liu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundBardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare and genetically heterogeneous disease with a broad spectrum of clinical features, including but not limited to rod‐cone dystrophy, postaxial polydactyly, central obesity, intellectual disability, hypogonadism, and renal dysfunction. Twenty‐one BBS (Bardet–Biedl syndrome) genes have been identified to date. There is minimal mutation information on BBS in Chinese populations and the exact pathogenic mechanism of the null mutation of BBS9 remains unknown.MethodsA patient from a Chinese consanguineous family presented with polydactyly, truncal obesity, intellectual disability, genital anomaly, and retinitis pigmentosa was analyzed in this study. Blood DNA and RNA were extracted from the blood of the proband and the parents. The proband was screened for mutations by whole‐exome sequencing. The likely pathogenic mutation detected in the proband was further confirmed by the Sanger sequence in the family. Real‐time RT‐PCR was used to measure the expression of BBS9 in the proband and the control.ResultsTargeted exome sequencing identified a novel homozygous null mutation (NM_198428.3: c.445C>T) in the 6th exon of the BBS9 gene in the proband and Sanger sequencing was used to validate the heterozygosity in the parents. The mutation was validated to induce the nonsense‐mediated decay of BBS9 messenger RNAs by real‐time RT‐PCR.ConclusionsThe molecular findings helped to explain the clinical manifestations. The novel homozygous pathogenic variation expanded the mutational spectrum of the BBS9 gene in the Chinese population and will help to understand the pathogenic mechanism of BBS9 null mutation.
Tolerance to geometrical inaccuracies in CBCT systems: A comprehensive study
Authors: Abella Monica , Martinez Cristobal , Garcia Ines , Moreno Patricia , De Molina Claudia , Desco Manuel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeThe last decades have seen the consolidation of the cone‐beam CT (CBCT) technology, which is nowadays widely used for different applications such as micro‐CT for small animals, mammography, dentistry, or surgical procedures. Some CBCT systems may suffer mechanical strains due to the heavy load of the x‐ray tube. This fact, together with tolerances in the manufacturing process, lead to different types of undesirable effects in the reconstructed image unless they are properly accounted for during the reconstruction. To obtain good quality images, it is necessary to have a complete characterization of the system geometry including the angular position of the gantry, the source–object and detector–object distances, and the position and pose of the detector. These parameters can be obtained through a calibration process done periodically, depending on the stability of the system geometry. To the best of our knowledge, there are no comprehensive works studying the effect of inaccuracies in the geometrical calibration of CBCT systems in a systematic and quantitative way. In this work, we describe the effects of detector misalignments (linear shifts, rotation, and inclinations) on the image and define their tolerance as the maximum error that keeps the image free from artifacts.MethodsWe used simulations of four phantoms including systematic and random misalignments. Reconstructions of these data with and without errors were compared to identify the artifacts introduced in the reconstructed image and the tolerance to miscalibration deemed to provide acceptable image quality.ResultsVisual assessment provided an easy guideline to identify the sources of error by visual inspection of the artifactual images. Systematic errors result in blurring, shape distortion and/or reduction of the axial field of view while random errors produce streaks and blurring in all cases, with a tolerance which is more than twice that of systematic errors. The tolerance corresponding to errors in position of the detector along the tangential direction, that is, skew (<0.2°) and horizontal shift (<0.4 mm), is tighter than the tolerance to those errors affecting the position along the longitudinal direction or the magnification, that is, vertical shift (<2 mm), roll (<1.5°), tilt (<2°), and SDD (<3 mm).ConclusionWe present a comprehensive study, based on realistic simulations, of the effects on the reconstructed image quality of errors in the geometrical characterization of a CBCT system and define their tolerance. These results could be used to guide the design of new systems, establishing the mechanical precision that must be achieved, and to help in the definition of an optimal geometrical calibration process. Also, the thorough visual assessment may be valuable to identify the most predominant sources of error based on the effects shown in the reconstructed image.
Investigation of the effects of spinal surgical implants on radiotherapy dosimetry: A study of 3D printed phantoms
Authors: Goodall Simon K. , Rampant Peter , Smith Warwick , Waterhouse David , Rowshanfarzad Pejman , Ebert Martin A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeThe use of three‐dimensional (3D) printing to develop custom phantoms for dosimetric studies in radiotherapy is increasing. The process allows production of phantoms designed to evaluated specific geometries, patients, or patient groups with a defining feature. The ability to print bone‐equivalent phantoms has, however, proved challenging. The purpose of this work was to 3D print a series of three similar spine phantoms containing no surgical implants, implants made of titanium, and implants made of carbon fiber, for future dosimetric and imaging studies. Phantoms were evaluated for (a) tissue and bone equivalence, (b) geometric accuracy compared to design, and (c) similarity to one another.MethodsSample blocks of PLA, HIPS, and StoneFil PLA‐concrete with different infill densities were printed to evaluate tissue and bone equivalence. The samples were used to develop CT to physical (PD) and effective relative electron density (REDeff) conversion curves and define the settings for printing the phantoms. CT scans of the printed phantoms were obtained to assess the geometry and densities achieved. Mean distance to agreement (MDA) and DICE coefficient (DSC) values were calculated between contours defining the different materials, obtained from design and like phantom modules. HU values were used to determine PD and REDeff and subsequently evaluate tissue and bone equivalence.ResultsSample objects showed linear relationships between HU and both PD and REDeff for both PLA and StoneFil. The PD and REDeff of the objects calculated using clinical CT conversion curves were not accurate and custom conversion curves were required. PLA printed with 90% infill density was found to have a PD of 1.11 ± 0.03 g.cm−3 and REDeff of 1.04 ± 0.02 and selected for tissue‐ equivalent phantom elements. StoneFil printed with 100% infill density showed a PD of 1.35 ± 0.03 g.cm−3 and REDeff of 1.24 ± 0.04 and was selected for bone‐equivalent elements. Upon evaluation of the final phantoms, the PLA elements displayed PD in the range of 1.10 ± 0.03 g.cm−3–1.13 ± 0.03 g.cm−3 and REDeff in the range of 1.02 ± 0.03–1.06 ± 0.03. The StoneFil elements showed PD in the range of 1.43 ± 0.04 g.cm−3–1.46 ± 0.04 g.cm−3 and REDeff in the range of 1.31 ± 0.04–1.33 ± 0.04. The PLA phantom elements were shown to have MDA of ≤1.00 mm and DSC of ≥0.95 compared to design, and ≤0.48 mm and ≥0.91 compared like modules. The StoneFil elements displayed MDA values of ≤0.44 mm and DSC of ≥0.98 compared to design and ≤0.43 mm and ≥0.92 compared like modules.ConclusionsPhantoms which were radiologically equivalent to tissue and bone were produced with a high level of similarity to design and even higher level of similarity of one another. When used in conjunction with the derived CT to PD or REDeff conversion curves they are suitable for evaluating the effects of spinal surgical implants of varying material of construction.
Characterization of mononeuropathy of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the calf
Authors: Oaklander Anne Louise , Van Houten Trudy , Sabouri A. Sassan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroduction/AimsIsolated injuries to the lateral cutaneous nerve of the calf (LCNC) branch of the common peroneal nerve can cause obscure chronic posterolateral knee and upper calf pain and sensory symptoms. Routine examination and electrodiagnostic testing do not detect them because the LCNC has no motor distribution and it is not interrogated by the typical peroneal nerve conduction study. There are only about 10 prior cases, thus scant physician awareness, so most LCNC injuries remain misdiagnosed or undiagnosed, hindering care.MethodsWe extracted pertinent records from seven patients with unexplained posterolateral knee/calf pain, six labeled as complex regional pain syndrome, to investigate for mononeuropathies. Patients were asked to outline their skin area with abnormal responses to pin self‐examination independently. Three underwent an LCNC‐specific electrodiagnostic study, and two had skin‐biopsy epidermal innervation measured. Cadaver dissection of the posterior knee nerves helped identify potential entrapment sites.ResultsInitiating events included knee surgery (three), bracing (one), extensive kneeling (one), and other knee trauma. All pin‐outlines included the published LCNC neurotome. One oftwo LCNC‐specific electrodiagnostic studies revealed unilaterally absent potentials. Longitudinal, controlled skin biopsies documented profound LCNC‐neurotome denervation then re‐innervation contemporaneous with symptom recovery. Cadaver dissection identified the LCNC traversing through the dense fascia of the proximolateral gastrocnemius muscle insertion.DiscussionIsolated LCNC mononeuropathy can cause unexplained posterolateral knee/calf pain syndromes. This series characterizes presentations and supports patient pin‐mappings as a sensitive, globally available, low‐cost diagnostic aid. Improved recognition may facilitate more rapid, accurate diagnosis and, thus, optimize management and improve outcomes.
Hybridization in government–civil society organization relationships: An institutional logic perspective
Authors: Min Byung Hee 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article builds a theoretical institutional logic framework to understand how distinctive institutional logics, specifically within the relationships between government and civil society organizations (CSOs), shape organizational hybridity. The present study, contextualized within a community development initiative in Seoul, South Korea, illuminates how government efforts to foster civil society lead to contested or contradictory organizational hybridity. Two types of organizational hybridity result, one government‐centered and another civil society‐centered. The analysis identifies six hybridizing mechanisms that induce organizational hybridity. Three of these mechanisms illustrate how a hierarchical, regulatory, and coercive logic of government induces the government‐centered organizational form. The second, CSO‐centered hybrid form reveals three contrasting mechanisms in which the CSOs and government are embedded in multiple, sometimes contradictory logics that reflect the plural identities of multiple CSOs.
The dog of Los Chonos: First pre‐Hispanic record in western Patagonia (~43° to 47°S, Chile)
Authors: Venanzi Lucio González , Prevosti Francisco Juan , San Román Manuel , Reyes Omar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn recent years, numerous archaeological remains of dogs (Canis familiaris) have been found in the Southern Cone of South America. In Patagonia, the pre‐Hispanic record was limited to the northeast. This article presents dog specimens recovered at archaeological site GUA‐010 Conchal located in the western Patagonian channels of Chile. Their presence is related to hunter‐gatherers showing marked marine adaptations. This study defines their chronology, characterizes them morphologically and morphometrically, estimates their body mass and age, and investigates their possible social roles. Our analyses indicates that the remains correspond to a pre‐Hispanic dog dated at 870 ± 20 years 14C bp (769–684 cal bp), thereby expanding the known geographic range of the species prior to European colonization. The dog was an adult animal, and its body size was approximately 3–4 kg, which represents the smallest individual recorded in the Southern Cone. Body size is consistent with the reports in ethnohistorical record, which indicated the use of dog fur as clothing and possibly its help in fishing. Archaeological evidence suggests that its function as a food source is unlikely.
Experimental observations in mismatch losses in monofacial and bifacial PV generators
Authors: Rossa Carlos , Martínez‐Moreno Francisco , Lorenzo Eduardo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMismatch losses (
) in PV arrays have been experimentally investigated by observing the dispersion in the operating voltage of the individual modules under normal operating conditions, that is, with the inverter delivering energy to the grid, and by assuming that in the absence of mismatch, all the modules will have the same operating voltage which are equal to the observed average. For that, a quadratic relationship between relative power and relative voltage deviations derived from the power‐voltage curve of the modules is required. This has been carried out in two different PV generators: a 5.1 kWp with monofacial multicrystalline BSF modules installed in March 2013 and a 6.6 kWp with bifacial monocrystalline PERC modules, installed in May 2019. The respective coefficient of variation of the STC power is 1.6% and 0.3%. This decrease reflects the improvement between these two PV technologies and translates into a reduction in the
component derived from intrinsic differences in the constitution of the module, from 0.09% to 0.01%, following theoretical considerations. The
component due to the non‐uniformity of rear irradiance in the bifacial PV array is deduced by comparing its functioning with and without the rear side of the modules covered by opaque canvas and results in about 0.2–0.4%, which represents half of the total observed
. The difference between these components and the total
observed is attributed to differences in the module operating temperature. The aging of the monofacial PV array translates into an increase in
at a ratio of 0.04% per year.
Psychological distress of COVID‐19 pandemic and associated psychosocial factors among Mexican students: An exploratory study
Authors: Martínez Arriaga Reyna J. , González Ramírez Leivy P. , de la Roca‐Chiapas José M. , Hernández‐González Martha 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCOVID‐19 related social isolation measures and school closures have likely increased students' stress levels. In our study, we assess the level of psychological distress and psychosocial factors among students in Mexico at the beginning of the pandemic. We conducted a cross‐sectional exploratory study with 848 participants, the majority undergraduate or postgraduate (79.7%). Participants completed the Impact of Event Scale‐Revised to measure emotions, and a COVID‐19 questionnaire. We conducted a logistic regression analysis to find variables associated with stress: 36% (n = 309) had elevated stress, 31.4% (n = 266) anxiety, and 18.2% (n = 154) sadness often or all the time. Those who identified as women and reported a reduction in their incomes also reported a higher stress level. Stress was positively correlated with anxiety, anger, sadness, days in isolation, and hours watching TV daily; and negatively correlated with relaxation and happiness. The variable most strongly correlated with stress was a high perception of infection risk. Our findings will inform mental health strategies for students who are at higher risk of stress due to the COVID‐19 pandemic response.
The livelihood of urban poor households: A sustainable livelihood approach in urbanizing Ethiopia. The case of Gondar City, Amhara National State
Authors: Yirga Bosena 
Published: July 2021

AbstractStudies show that many poverty and food security‐related research studies in Ethiopia have overlooked urban settings. While urban poverty may be more difficult to curb than rural poverty, more attention needs to be focused on understanding urban livelihood. This study examines the livelihoods of the urban poor through the lens of a sustainable livelihood approach. Specifically, it examines the livelihood assets, vulnerability context, and various factors that mediate asset and vulnerability of the urban poor. Quantitative and qualitative research design was employed to obtain and analyze data. The study revealed that the urban poor have very limited access to livelihood assets and are vulnerable to different shocks that create a situation of livelihood insecurity. There is a gap between government policies and their implementation. For instance, NGO policies did not consider the situation and realities of urban poor. Also, capacity constraints of the local government and NGOs led to perpetual livelihood vulnerability. Findings of this study suggest the need to start an urban productive safety net program that targets urban areas to provide long‐term empowerment of poor households; introduce school feeding programs; create collaboration between government sectors, NGOs, community‐based and civil society associations; and revisit and improve supportive and regulatory policy frameworks for the poor to build sustainable livelihoods. This study confirms the usefulness of a sustainable livelihood framework to understand and explain various dimensions of poverty, policies, institutions, and processes, and how all these affect the livelihoods of the poor. Insights from this analysis can contribute to the improvement of policy and to reflections on the interventions needed to positively influence the livelihoods of the poor.