bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Efficacy of Chemiluminescent Evaluation of the Human Lacrimal Drainage System
Authors: Raflo Gary T , Hurwitz Jeffrey J 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
A chemiluminescent material, Cyalume, was used to demonstrate the anatomy and patency of the human lacrimal drainage system. Cadaver models were used to simulate blockages at various levels of the lacrimal drainage system and the Cyalume technique compared favorably with the corresponding dacryocystograms. Cyalume also shows promise for use in locating the lacrimal sac at surgery, the proximal end of a lacerated canaliculus, and the free ends of canalicular intubation tubes high in the nose. The authors feel that Cyalume shows promise as both a convenient method of clinical investigation of the lacrimal system and an aid in lacrimal surgery.
Use of the Honan Intraocular Pressure Reducer at The Wilmer Institute
Authors: Martin Neil F , Stark Walter J , Maumenee A Edward , Bruner William E , Rosenblum Paul 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Our technique for the preparation of the patient for cataract surgery is discussed, with description of our use of the Honan intraocular pressure reducer (HIPR). Results of preoperative use of the HIPR in a prospective study of 21 patients and our retrospective experience with over 1,000 patients undergoing cataract surgery (with or without lens implantation) are discussed. The HIPR appears to be a safe and effective means of reducing intraocular pressure preoperatively when used with due care.
Expansile Loops for Anterior Chamber Lens Implants
Authors: Girard Louis J , Hofmann Robert F , Pearlman Peter M 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Twenty eyes undergoing pars plana lensectomy with insertion of expansile loop anterior chamber lens implants were followed for 4-11 months. Sixteen eyes received a Simcoe lens, and all achieved a visual acuity of 20/20-20/40 without complications.
Two of three eyes with Shearing implants developed uveitis and cystoid maculopathy. The one Sinsky implant tilted and required replacement. Highly flexible expansile implants (i.e., Simcoe lens) appear to be well tolerated in the anterior chamber and achieved excellent stability.
The observation period was too short to draw definite conclusions. This study will be continued.
Three-Years' Experience in a Regional Burn Center With Burns of the Eyes and Eyelids
Authors: Guy Roxanne J , Baldwin Jack , Kwedar Stephen , Law Edward J 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
A retrospective three-year study of lid and ocular burn injuries in a regional burn center revealed no major complications. The management program was based on cooperation between the burn unit and ophthalmological staff and included: 1. A high index of suspicion for eye injuries of the burned patient; 2. Early ophthalmologic consultation and examination; 3. Aggressive early treatment; 4. Rigorous follow-up and re-examination; and 5. Multiple and frequent grafting of lids, as needed.
One-Stage Lower Eyelid Reconstruction
Authors: Beyer Charles K , Bathrick Marie E 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
A technique for reconstruction of 75% to 90% of the lower eyelid is presented. This procedure utilizes a large tarsoconjunctival graft in conjunction with an advancement skin graft from the cheek. This one-stage approach is valuable in lower eyelid reconstruction in monocular patients.
Complications Associated with Running 11 -0 Nylon Suture in Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Olson Randall J 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
In a series of 100 penetrating keratoplasties, an 11 -0 nyton suture was placed after first running a 10-0 suture. Three suture-related complications presented. One complication resulted from inadvertently cutting the 1 1 -O nylon as the 1 0-0 nylon was removed. The second complication was that of a traumatic rupture of the 1 1 -O nylon, which occurred ten months after surgery. The third complication arose from exposure of the 1 1 -O nylon through the epithelium due to wound contracture. The management of each suturerelated complication is discussed.
Tarso-Septal Z-Plasty Combined with Skin Grafting for the Late Correction of Traumatic Upper Lid Contractures
Authors: Zolli Christine L 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
A technique for the repair of upper eyelid contracture, which involves a full thickness "tarso-septal Z plasty," is described. The vertical arm goes through the scarred area, and the horizontal arms are approximately parallel to the brow and eyelid margin. Skin grafting is also commonly done in conjunction, and the operated lid is then kept in overextension for two to four weeks.
Traumatic Dislocation of a Shearing Lens 31 Months After Implantation
Authors: Murphy Gates E 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
A case is reported of traumatic dislocation of a previously well-fixated Shearing posterior chamber implant occurring 31 months after surgery, and the surgical management is briefly discussed. This case is believed to be the first reported instance of a Shearing lens dislocation definitely unrelated to zonular rupture at the time of implantation.
Marsupialization of a Lacrimal Gland Cyst
Authors: Harris Gerald J 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
A lacrimal gland cyst developed as a late complication of Stevens-Johnson syndrome. The mass produced mechanical ptosis and became secondarily infected. Obstruction of lacrimal secretions contributed to a quantitative tear deficiency and epithelial erosions of the cornea. The mass and the keratoconjunctivitis sicca were successfully managed by marsupialization of the cyst wall.
Combined Procedure: Sub-Scleral Trabeculectomy with Cataract Extraction
Authors: Praeger Donald L 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
A sub-scleral trabeculectomy and cataract extraction were performed in 34 eyes of 28 patients. Postoperative visual acuity was 6/6 to 6/12 in 24 eyes. Nine of the remaining 10 eyes had pre-existing glaucomatous neuropathy or chorioretinal maculopathy. Duration of follow-up extended from a minimum of 12 months to a maximum of 68 months. Thirty eyes exhibited satisfactory glaucoma control (88.2%). Twenty-one eyes (61.7%) required no medication postoperatively. There were no significant postoperative complications from the combined procedure.
Double-Masked Trial of Fenoprofen Sodium: Treatment of Chronic Aphakic Cystoid Macular Edema
Authors: Burnett Jettie , Tessler Howard , Isenberg Sherwin , Tso Mark O M 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Aphakic cystoid macular edema is a serious eye disease. Its etiology is unknown, but a widely held theory attributes it to an inflammatory response to surgical trauma.
In a double-masked study, a 1% solution of fenoprofen sodium, a topically applied antiprostaglandin agent, was evaluated against placebo in determining the effectiveness of fenoprofen in the treatment of chronic aphakic cystoid macular edema.
Fourteen patients, five women and nine men, participated in the study. Fenoprofen sodium was found to have no effect on the course of chronic aphakic cystoid macular edema. We believe that the lack of effect may have been due to the duration of edema at the time of treatment or to the small sample size. Larger studies in the immediate postoperative period are suggested.
The importance of iris angiography as a possible predicting technique of macular leakage is emphasized.
A New Headrest and Drape Support for Ophthalmic Surgery
Authors: Garland Marvin A 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
A new type of combination headrest, drape support, instrument tray, and oxygen delivery system has been designed for use with eye surgery. It can be used with local, stand-by, and general anesthesia. It eliminates the need for a separate wrist support. It can also be modified to be used with other facial procedures.
The Spectrum of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma I: Senile Sclerotic Glaucoma Versus High Tension Glaucoma
Authors: Geijssen H Caroline , Greve Erik L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This paper describes two subgroups of primary open angle glaucoma: senile sclerotic glaucoma in the elderly with relatively low intraocular pressures, normal chamber angles, senile excavation, perlpapillary atrophy and choroidal sclerosis; high tension glaucoma in the younger age-group with high intraocular pressures, signs of mesodermal dysgenesis in the chamber angle, deep and steep excavation, little perlpapillary atrophy and no choroidal sclerosis.
The description of senile sclerotic glaucoma is new as are the differences in the chamber angle and perlpapillary atrophy. The size of the visual field defects in the upper and lower half of the visual field is similar in high tension glaucoma. In senile sclerotic glaucoma the larger defect tends to be in the upper half of the visual field.
It is suggested that in senile sclerotic glaucoma the primary cause of damage is local vascular disease, and that in high tension glaucoma the intraocular pressure with a secondary role for an insufficient blood supply is the major cause of damage.
Primary open angle glaucoma can be characterized by the ratio of pressure risk factors and vascular risk factors.
Reactive Membrane on a Foldable Silicone Lens Implant in the Posterior Chamber of a Human Eye
Authors: Wolter J Reimer , Sugar Alan 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A foldable silicone posterior chamber intraocular lens implant caused irritation and glaucoma postoperatively in the eye of a diabetic patient who subsequently was treated with steroids and a laser capsulotomy. Because the lens implant was loose in the capsular bag and caused considerable glare, it was removed about 4 months after placement. Pathologic study revealed the entire surface of the implant to be covered by a continuous and firmly adherent protein membrane with excrescences and of irregular thickness. Sessile macrophages found on the membrane were not firmly attached.
Effect of Collagen Shields on Corneal Epithelialization Following Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Ruffini John J , Aquavella James V , LoCascio Joseph A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
To evaluate the effects of collagen shields on corneal epithelial healing following keratoplasty, we conducted a prospective study of 89 consecutive penetrating keratoplasty patients over a 9-month period, applying collagen shields in alternate cases. Eyes were evaluated on the first and on the eighth postoperative day. The appearance of the epithelium was graded on a scale from 0 to 4. Independent variables, such as donor age, patient age, patient and donor sex, death to preservation time, and donor time in K-Sol media prior to surgery, were also evaluated. Donor corneas treated with collagen demonstrated less epithelial staining and smaller epithelial defects on the first day following surgery. The results were evaluated with a Student's t test and were found to be significant (P<0.001). We conclude that the application of porcine collagen shields following keratoplasty is an effective means of encouraging reepithelialization of the graft.
Surgical Dilation of the Pupil During Pars Plana Vitrectomy
Authors: Federman Jay L , Anand Rajiv 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Adequate pupillary dilation is essential to dissect and excise peripheral fractional proliferative tissue during vitreous surgery. Most surgical dilating procedures involve an incision or excision of iris tissue, that is either inadequate or irreversible. We describe a modification of a previously devised technique for stretching the pupil that ensures an excellent view of the peripheral retina. The technique has been used in aphakic and pseudophakic eyes in over 50 cases with no postoperative morbidity or problems with glare or poor cosmesis.
Use of Apraclonidine to Reduce Acute Intraocular Pressure Rise Following Q-switched Nd:YAG Laser Iridotomy
Authors: Kitazawa Yoshiaki , Taniguchi Tohru , Sugiyama Kazuhisa 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We evaluated the effectiveness of topical apraclonidine (ALO 2145, p-amino clonidine hydrochloride) in suppressing an acute postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) rise following Nd:YAG laser iridotomy. Fifty-eight eyes (45 patients) with chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma underwent Q-switched Nd:YAG laser iridotomy. Twenty-nine eyes followed prospectively underwent Nd:YAG laser iridotomy following the topical administration of 0.5% apraclonidine prior to and immediately following the procedure. A retrospective control group of 29 eyes underwent Nd:YAG laser iridotomy without topical apraclonidine. Only one eye (3.4%) treated with apraclonidine experienced an IOP rise greater than 10 mm Hg over baseline, while five among 29 untreated eyes (17.2%) developed an IOP rise greater than 10 mm Hg.
Postoperative Refractive Changes in Children With Congenital Esotropia: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Snir M , Nissenkorn I , Buckman G , Cohen S , Ben-Sira I 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A transient myopic inclination was found 2 months postoperatively in 23 children who had undergone surgery for congenital esotropia. Neither the age of the children at the time of surgery nor the length of muscle recession/resection influenced these refractive myopic changes. Early postoperative refractive correction with periodic follow-up is essential in preventing amblyopia. In 21 of the 23 children, visual acuity was 6/10 or better at last examination.
Endophthalmitis Due to Propionibacterium acnes Sequestered Between IOL Optic and Posterior Capsule
Authors: Sawusch Mark A , Michels Ronald G , Stark Walter J , Bruner William E , Annable William L , Green W Richard 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A 68-year-old woman had delayed onset, persistent uveitis following routine extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. The patient initially responded to topical steroids, but developed a whitish capsular plaque thought to represent possible Propionibacterium acnes endophthalmitis. A vitrectomy and capsular biopsy yielded cultures positive for P. acnes only after nine days. The intraocular lens was left in place. Light and electron microscopy revealed bacteria sequestered within the capsular bag.
Intermittent Intraocular Thrombin as an Adjunct to Vitrectomy
Authors: Maxwell Donald P , Orlick Martin E , Diamond G 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The use of intraocular thrombin to control intraoperative hemorrhage is presented in two cases, one involving severe ocular trauma, the other severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The technique of intermittent boluses of 100 units/ml of thrombin in BSS Plus solution has certain advantages over the constant infusion mode of delivery. The ability to quickly manipulate the flow offers a distinct advantage in controlling the intraocular pressure and total amount of thrombin delivered. This is achieved by a simple and uncomplicated modification of the standard gravity infusion controlled by the surgical assistant.
Prognosis of Foveal Splitting Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachments
Authors: Brenton Randall S , Blodi Christopher F 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Retrospectively reviewing 4,966 patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachments, we identified 21 patients with foveal split detachments who had no coexisting macular disease and who had been followed at least 6 months postoperatively. All detached retinas were anatomically reattached with one operation. The average preoperative and postoperative visual acuity was 20/50. Because eyes with foveal split detachments have a good visual prognosis when the retinas are anatomically reattached, we recommend that they be treated urgently, as if they had a maculaspared detachment.
The Sharpness of Incision Instruments in Corneal Tissue
Authors: Huebscher Hans-Joachim , Goder Gerhard J , Lommatzsch Peter K 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Because breadths of surgical blades are very difficult to measure directly, we designed a method to measure sharpness of a variety of instruments by determining the power they required to incise corneal tissue to a uniform depth. Diamond knives were the sharpest, followed by razor blade pieces individually prepared by a special new method. Ruby knives varied considerably. The method of measuring sharpness described may allow manufacturers to improve and stabilize production methods, as well as enable surgeons with such knowledge in advance of surgery to optimize wound healing and maximize cost-effectiveness.
Complications of Cataract Extraction With Intraocular Lens Implantation
Authors: Goodman Daniel F , Stark Walter J , Gottsch John D 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Due to continued improvement in lens design, lens manufacturing, and surgical technique, the incidence of complications of cataract surgery with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation have decreased in recent years. Complications may be categorized into operative and postoperative, both early and late onset. Operative complications include posterior capsule rupture with or without vitreous loss, loss of all or part of the lens nucleus, iris damage, and stripping of Descemet's membrane. Early postoperative complications include pupillary block, hyphema, elevation of the intraocular pressure associated with the use of viscoelastic substances, persistent uveitis with or without hypopyon, and endophthalmitis. Late postoperative complications include IOL malposition, secondary glaucoma, cystotd macular edema, retinal detachment, and pseudophakic bullous keratopathy.
Occult Plastic Intraocular Foreign Body
Authors: Duker Jay S , Fischer David H 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A 34-year-old man was evaluated for posttraumatic endophthalmitis with hypopyon. A previous CT scan of the orbit along with B-scan ultrasonogram failed to confirm the presence of an intraocular foreign body. Nevertheless, at the time of vitrectomy, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic foreign body was encountered. The atypical posttraumatic uveitis that developed was apparently secondary to the PVC material, as the inflammation cleared rapidly following removal of the foreign body. This case illustrates the necessity for maintaining a high level of suspicion for the possibility of an intraocular foreign body in the event of ocular trauma, even in the presence of unconfirming ancillary tests.
Removing the Stableflex Intraocular Lens During Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Epstein Randy J , Vastine David W , Fried Walter I 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Closed-loop, semiflexible anterior chamber intraocular lenses, particularly the Stableflex lens, have been increasingly associated with corneal decompensation. Due to the formation of synechiae around the haptics in the angle, such lenses can be difficult to remove during penetrating keratoplasty. We describe a technique for the safe removal of the Stableflex intraocular lens.
Massive Pseudophakie Pigment Dispersion Associated With an Iris Nevus
Authors: Kremer I , Cohen S , Loya N , Sandbank U 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A 67-year-old woman examined 12 months following extracapsular cataract extraction had a massive Pseudophakie pigment dispersion associated with diffuse corneal epithelial edema, mild uveitis, and secondary glaucoma. She underwent penetrating keratoplasty following removal of a posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL), anterior vitrectomy, capsulectomv, and iris biopsy. Histopathologic examination revealed a pigmented iris nevus and signs of iris erosion by the IOL loop. Because 3 months later the eye developed streptococcal endophthalmitis and had to be eviscerated, we had the opportunity to examine the eye contents; we found no evidence of phakoanaphylactic uveitis.
Applicator for Cyanoacrylate Tissue Adhesive
Authors: Wessels Izak F , McNeill James I 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive (CTA) is very useful for emergency treatment of corneal perforations. Lack of Food and Drug Administration approval as well as concerns about toxicity from the application of large amounts of glue, however, have limited its use. It is difficult to apply a sufficiently small amount of glue or to achieve a watertight seal using published techniques of glue application. We have found a commercially available micropipette (used in dental work) to be more effective than other methods of CTA application. With this apparatus, precise and accurate placement of minimal amounts of CTA at the slit lamp is consistently possible.
The Effect of Hyaluronidase on Akinesia During Cataract Surgery
Authors: Abelson Mark B , Mandel Eric , Paradis Andre , George Michelle 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The ability of hyaluronidase to improve akinesis in ret robu I bar anesthesia was evaluated in a doublemasked study. Forty consecutive patients undergoing cataract surgery were anesthetized with 3 ml of a 1:1 mixture of 4.0% lidocaine and 0.75% bupivacaine solution. In a predetermined randomized fashion, 2 ml of hyaluronidase (300 USP units) were added to half of the syringes, and 2 ml of saline to the remaining half. The level of akinesia was graded in six different positions of gaze. Seventy percent of the hyaluronidase group exhibited complete akinesis, while only 40% of the control group did. The mean scores for four out of six positions of gaze were significantly higher in the hyaluronidase patients than in the control group. Similarly, the hyaluronidase subjects showed a significantly higher sum score for the six sectors than did the control subjects (p=. 0001). These results show that hyaluronidase significantly enhances akinesia. It is therefore recommended that it be included in the anesthetic regimen for such surgeries.
Simplified Formulas for Lathing Aphakic Epikeratophakia Lenses
Authors: Halliday Brett L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Geometrically based formulas for lathing aphakic epikeratophakia lenses have been simplified to enable easy calculation of the radii of cut for the optical and the wing zones. The formulas compensate for post-operative thinning of the lens on host cornea and allow for any desired amount of pre-lathing dehydration. Clinical results to date show that over 80% of lenses are made within 3 diopters of the expected power.
Excimer Laser Keratoplasty Part 2: Elliptical Keratoplasty
Authors: Lang Gerhard K , Schroeder Eckhard , Koch Juergen W , Yanoff Myron , Naumann Gottfried O H 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
An excimer laser at 193 nm was used with a new "open mask system" to perform elliptical noncontact and nonthermal keratoplasties and corneal grafts in human cadaver eyes (Part 1 of this article. Ophthalmic Surg 1989; 20:262-267). By light microscopy the corneas showed sharp, unbeveled cut margins with nearly perfect apposition of the inner wound aspects. An elliptical shape may be better than a circular one, since the former closely approximates the cornea's normal elliptical outline, making it easier to fit corresponding areas of corneal graft to bed. Also, it provides a wider area of Bowman's membrane for anchoring sutures and relatively less volume of donor antigenic tissue.
Reduced Toxicity of Intravitreally Injected Liposome-Encapsulated Cytarabine
Authors: Liu Kwan-Rong , Peyman Gholam A , She Si-Chun , Niesman Michael R , Khoobehi Bahram 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Cytarabine has been demonstrated to be a more potent inhibitor of fibroblast proliferation than fluorouracil. It is, however, more toxic to the retina. We evaluated the ocular toxicity of liposome-encapsutated cytarabine in vitrectomized and nonvitrectomized rabbit eyes by ophthalmic and histopathologic examination. In the vitrectomized group, doses of up to 26 µg were nontoxic to the retina. In nonvitrectomized eyes, doses of up to 55 µg were nontoxic. Doses of 85 µg resulted in loss of ganglion cells and disorganization of photoreceptor cells. The results obtained in this study demonstrated a substantial reduction in ocular toxicity of liposome-encapsulated cytarabine, as compared with a previous study which employed free drug. By virtue of its reduced toxicity, cytarabine in a liposomal vehicle may be of value in the treatment of ocular proliferative disorders.