bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Internet Use on Cognitive Decline in Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China: Longitudinal Observational Study
Authors: Yu Xinyue , Mu Aruhan , Wu Xiang , Zhou Liqin 
Published: November 2021

Background
Given that cognitive decline lacks effective treatment options and has severe implications for healthy aging, internet use may achieve nonpharmacological relief of cognitive decline through cognitive stimulation and social engagement.

Objective
This longitudinal study aimed to investigate the relationship between the diversity, frequency, and type of internet use and cognitive decline, and to provide theoretical support and suggestions for mitigating cognitive decline in middle-aged and older adults.

Methods
Data were obtained from a total of 10,532 survey respondents from the China Family Panel Studies database from wave 3 (2014) and wave 5 (2018) of the survey. Cognitive function was measured using vocabulary tests, and internet use was categorized into five aspects: study, work, socializing, entertainment, and commercial-related activities. Associations between the diversity, frequency, and type of internet use and cognitive decline were estimated by controlling for demographic variables and health status risk factors through fixed-effects models.

Results
After controlling for demographic and health status risk factors, the type and frequency of internet use were found to be associated with cognitive functioning during the subsequent 4-year period, and different types of internet use had different effects on cognitive decline. Frequency of internet use of at least once a week for study (β=0.620, 95% CI 0.061 to 1.180; P=.04), work (β=0.896, 95% CI 0.271 to 1.520; P=.01), and entertainment (β=0.385, 95% CI –0.008 to 0.778; P=.06), as well as less than once a week for social purposes (β=0.860, 95% CI 0.074 to 1.650; P=.06), were associated with better cognitive function. Frequency of internet use of less than once a week for commercial-related activities (β=–0.906, 95% CI –1.480 to –0.337; P=.005) was associated with poorer cognitive function. Using the internet for more than one type of activity (β=0.458, 95% CI 0.065 to 0.850; P=.03) and at least once a week (β=0.436, 95% CI 0.066 to 0.806; P=.02) was associated with better cognitive function.

Conclusions
This study shows that breadth and depth of internet use are positively associated with cognitive function and that different types of internet use have different roles in cognitive decline. The importance of the internet as a nonpharmacological intervention pathway for cognitive decline is emphasized. Future research could explore specific mechanisms of influence.
Quality of Primary Care for the Adult Population With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Protocol for a Scoping Review
Authors: Aylward Shannon Marion , Farrell Alison , Walsh Anna , Godwin Marshall , Chafe Roger , Asghari Shabnam 
Published: November 2021

Background
A strong primary care system is vital to overall health. Research on the primary care of people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has mostly focused on children. A synthesis of the existing literature related to the quality of primary care for the adult population with ASD would elucidate what is known about the topic as well as inform future research and clinical practice.

Objective
The purpose of our scoping review is to describe what is known about the quality of primary care for adults with ASD and identify knowledge gaps.

Methods
Prior to beginning the literature search, we reviewed literature related to defining both primary care and primary care quality to establish the context and concept of the research question. The search strategy was designed and executed by a research librarian. The MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses databases were searched for relevant literature. Grey literature will include relevant reports from government websites and associations with a focus on ASD. Two members of the research team will independently screen the academic and grey literature. Quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods study designs involving the quality of primary care services or patient-centered care for adults with ASD are eligible for inclusion in our scoping review. Studies that make it past the full-text review will undergo data extraction and quality appraisal by 2 independent reviewers. The data extraction results will be presented in a tabular format to clearly present what is known about the quality of primary care for adults with ASD; this table will be accompanied by a narrative synthesis. Literature selected for extraction will be coded for themes, which will form the basis of a thematic synthesis. The scoping review will follow the guidance proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute.

Results
The search of electronic databases was conducted in October 2020, and it returned 2820 results. This research is still in progress. The results from our scoping review are expected to be available by fall 2021.

Conclusions
The results from our scoping review will be useful for guiding future research on the quality of primary care for adults with ASD.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/28196
Temporal Variations and Spatial Disparities in Public Sentiment Toward COVID-19 and Preventive Practices in the United States: Infodemiology Study of Tweets
Authors: Kahanek Alexander , Yu Xinchen , Hong Lingzi , Cleveland Ana , Philbrick Jodi 
Published: November 2021

Background
During the COVID-19 pandemic, US public health authorities and county, state, and federal governments recommended or ordered certain preventative practices, such as wearing masks, to reduce the spread of the disease. However, individuals had divergent reactions to these preventive practices.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to understand the variations in public sentiment toward COVID-19 and the recommended or ordered preventive practices from the temporal and spatial perspectives, as well as how the variations in public sentiment are related to geographical and socioeconomic factors.

Methods
The authors leveraged machine learning methods to investigate public sentiment polarity in COVID-19–related tweets from January 21, 2020 to June 12, 2020. The study measured the temporal variations and spatial disparities in public sentiment toward both general COVID-19 topics and preventive practices in the United States.

Results
In the temporal analysis, we found a 4-stage pattern from high negative sentiment in the initial stage to decreasing and low negative sentiment in the second and third stages, to the rebound and increase in negative sentiment in the last stage. We also identified that public sentiment to preventive practices was significantly different in urban and rural areas, while poverty rate and unemployment rate were positively associated with negative sentiment to COVID-19 issues.

Conclusions
The differences between public sentiment toward COVID-19 and the preventive practices imply that actions need to be taken to manage the initial and rebound stages in future pandemics. The urban and rural differences should be considered in terms of the communication strategies and decision making during a pandemic. This research also presents a framework to investigate time-sensitive public sentiment at the county and state levels, which could guide local and state governments and regional communities in making decisions and developing policies in crises.
HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF THE WHOLE PLANT OF NEPTUNIA PROSTRATA L. IN CARBON TETRACHLORIDE INDUCED RATS
Authors: JAJO HONEY , GHOSH RAJAT 
Published: November 2021

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the hepatoprotective activity of the whole plant of Neptunia Prostrata L.
Methods: The whole plant was collected and identified as Neptunia Prostrata L. The collected plants were shade dried and pulverized to fine powdered of particle size (#) 40. It was then defatted with petroleum ether for 24 hour and soaked with methanol and ethanol, respectively. The extracts was filtered and distilled off using a rotary evaporator. The phytochemical screening of the extracts was carried out and thin layer chromatography study was also done. Acute toxicity study and in vivo hepatoprotective activity of the methanolic extract using CCL4 (carbon tetra chloride) induced model was investigated.
Results: The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides (saponins), flavonoids, tannins, carbohydrates, proteins, phenolic, steroids and terpenoids. Thin-layer chromatography of the methanolic and ethanolic extracts with their fractions using different solvents were performed by taking petroleum ether and ethyl acetate (2:8) as mobile phase system and were able to observe the presence of many spots. Oral administration of methanolic extract of Neptunia prostrata at doses till 2000 mg/kg was found safe and shows good hepatoprotective activity by showing decreased levels of serum SGOT (serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase), SGPT (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase) and ALP (alkaline phosphatase) when compared with the standard drug silymarin.
Conclusion: The preliminary phytochemical screening of the methanol and ethanolic extract shows phytoconstituents such as flavonoids, triterpenoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids and chromatographic studies indicates the presence of several components in varying abundance. The decrease of serum bilirubin level by the methanolic extract of the plant shows hepatoprotective activity. It has confirmed the traditional claim for its use in the treatment of jaundice.
SYNTHESIS, BIOLOGICAL STUDY, DNA INTERACTION OF MANNICH BASE METAL COMPLEXES DERIVED FROM BENZAMIDE
Authors: SUDHASANKAR SIVAKAMI 
Published: November 2021

Objective: Coordination compounds occur widely in nature and they comprise a large share of current inorganic research. The Mannich reaction is a classic method for the preparation of Mannich bases, namely, β amino compounds, which are heterocyclic.
Methods: A novel Mannich base of N-((3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) methyl)benzamide and its coordination complexes with transition metals Mn and Co have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility measurements, UV-Visible, IR, NMR, and Mass spectral studies.
Results: Based on the magnetic moment and UV-Visible spectral data, octahedral geometries were assigned for the metal complexes. The metal complexes were screened for antifungal activity.
Conclusion: the metal complexes have shown good activity than the ligand. The binding of selected metal complexes with calf thymus DNA was investigated. It is found that the cobalt (II) metal complex of the ligand showed efficient DNA binding ability.
Perbandingan Karakteristik Asap Cair Pada Berbagai Grade Dari Pirolisis Batubara
Authors: Saputra Rendi Yuli , Naswir M. , Suryadri Hadistya 
Published: November 2021

Asap cair yang dibuat dari proses pirolisis batubara jenis sub-bituminous dilakukan pada temperatur 280-300oC dengan waktu pirolisis selama 4,5 jam. Selanjutnya dilakukan 2 jenis pemurnian yaitu metode distilasi dan adsorpsi untuk menentukan metode yang paling efektif dalam mendapatkan asap cair grade 1, grade 2 dan grade 3. Diketahui bahwa distilasi merupakan metode yang paling efektif dimana pada proses ini didapatkan persen yield pada grade 3 sebesar 92,5%, grade 2 sebesar 92% dan grade 1 sebesar 97,22%. Hal ini dibuktikan pula dengan analisis menggunakan GC-MS didapatkan bahwa asap cair batubara memiliki kadar asam asetat dan kadar fenol yang tinggi dan kandungan senyawa-senyawa ini berperan penting pada proses pengawetan dan antimikroba.
Analisis Stabilitas Transien dengan Perbaikan Menggunakan Power System Stabilizer pada PT. Pertamina (Persero) Refinery Unit III Plaju, Sumatera Selatan
Authors: Azman Fadhli R , Maison Maison , Tessal Dasrinal 
Published: November 2021

Kilang polypropylene Refinery Unit III merupakan kilang bijih plastik terbesar kedua milik Pertamina setelah kilang polypropylene Refinery Unit IV Balongan dan merupakan kilang bijih plastik yang pertama kali dibangun oleh Pertamina. Kilang ini membutuhkan kontinuitas penyediaan tenaga listrik yang baik. Namun, sistem kelistrikan pada umumnya tidak terlepas dari gangguan, baik gangguan besar maupun kecil, dimana gangguan ini dapat bersifat sementara atau tetap. Sehingga perlu dilakukan analisis stabilitas transien untuk mengetahui kehandalan sistem untuk melihat reaksi terhadap gangguan yang terjadi. Dalam penelitian ini, analisis yang dilakukan meliputi kestabilan transien akibat gangguan 3 fasa dan gangguan 1 fasa menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan perangkat lunak simulasi ETAP 12.6 dengan didapatkan nilai rata – rata frekuensi = 50,45 Hz , Tegangan = 12, 67 kV , . Sedangkan dengan upaya perbaikan menggunakan Power System Stabilizer (PSS) nilai rata – rata frekuensi= 50,44 Hz, Tegangan = 12,05 kV , . Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa sebelum pemasangan PSS, waktu peralihan sistem setelah terjadi gangguan yaitu tegangan 22,1 detik dan sudut tegangan 33,4 detik, dan setelah pemasangan PSS, waktu peralihan lebih baik yaitu tegangan 17,4 detik dan sudut tegangan 28,9 detik.
Will Someone Be Checking My Work? The Effect of Psychological Entitlement and the Expectation of Being Monitored on Task Performance and Misreporting
Authors: Holderness D. Kip , Olsen Kari Joseph , Thornock Todd A. , Tomlinson Edward C. 
Published: November 2021

SYNOPSIS
Psychological entitlement is a sense that one deserves more than others and is correlated with a host of negative workplace behaviors. Because entitled individuals have a strong desire for the approval of others, we examine whether increasing the expectation of being monitored can limit some of these negative behaviors. We find that when the expectation of being monitored is low, psychological entitlement is associated with lower performance and higher misreporting. In contrast, when the expectation of being monitored is high, not only are these behaviors reduced, but performance increases and misreporting decreases for entitled individuals. Our results suggest that expectations of performance monitoring can be used to improve workplace outcomes for entitled employees.
Prevalence and Predictors of Household Food Insecurity and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Use in Youth and Young Adults With Diabetes: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study
Authors: Malik Faisal S. , Liese Angela D. , Reboussin Beth A. , Sauder Katherine A. , Frongillo Edward A. , Lawrence Jean M. , Bellatorre Anna , Pihoker Catherine , Loots Beth , Dabelea Dana , Mayer-Davis Elizabeth , Jensen Elizabeth , Turley Christine , Mendoza Jason A. 
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVE
To assess the prevalence of household food insecurity (HFI) and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation among youth and young adults (YYA) with diabetes overall and by type, and sociodemographic characteristics.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The study included participants with youth-onset type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study. HFI was assessed using the 18-item U.S. Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM) administered from 2016 to 2019; three or more affirmations on the HFSSM were considered indicative of HFI. Participants were asked about SNAP participation. We used χ2 tests to assess whether the prevalence of HFI and SNAP participation differed by diabetes type. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine differences in HFI by participant characteristics.

RESULTS
Of 2,561 respondents (age range, 10–35 years; 79.6% ≤25 years), 2,177 had type 1 diabetes (mean age, 21.0 years; 71.8% non-Hispanic White, 11.8% non-Hispanic Black, 13.3% Hispanic, and 3.1% other) and 384 had type 2 diabetes (mean age, 24.7 years; 18.8% non-Hispanic White, 45.8% non-Hispanic Black, 23.7% Hispanic, and 18.7% other). The overall prevalence of HFI was 19.7% (95% CI 18.1, 21.2). HFI was more prevalent in type 2 diabetes than type 1 diabetes (30.7% vs. 17.7%; P &lt;  0.01). In multivariable regression models, YYA receiving Medicaid or Medicare or without insurance, whose parents had lower levels of education, and with lower household income had greater odds of experiencing HFI. SNAP participation was 14.1% (95% CI 12.7, 15.5), with greater participation among those with type 2 diabetes compared with those with type 1 diabetes (34.8% vs. 10.7%; P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Almost one in three YYA with type 2 diabetes and more than one in six with type 1 diabetes reported HFI in the past year—a significantly higher prevalence than in the general U.S. population.
Offline, online. Digitale ungdomsliv gjennom tre tiår
Authors: Bakken Anders , Hegna Kristinn , Sletten Mira Aaboen 
Published: November 2021

Being a teenager in 2021 is different from being a teenager thirty years ago. Although many of the basic questions related to identity and social belonging are the same, the framework around young people’s everyday life – especially in the digital arena – may have changed so much that our understanding of adolescence should be adjusted. In this chapter, we look closely at what new technology and media have meant for young people during the past three decades, especially in connection with changes in young people’s everyday lives, with an emphasis on how leisure habits and relationships with parents have changed.
Relying on NOVA’s youth surveys from the 1990s onwards, we describe how access to technology and use of digital media, unstructured and structured leisure habits, norm breaking behaviour as well as family relations have changed. The aim is to provide an overall picture of Norwegian young people in these areas. We discuss whether technological changes have been a driving force for understanding changes in other areas of young people’s everyday life. This question is contrasted with other theories about how social change provides guidelines for young people’s transitions, such as theories of emerging adulthood, theories of democratization and intimacy of the family, and a view that independence in adolescence takes new forms when school and education play an increasingly important role in transitions toward adulthood.
ADAPTATION OF EARLY NEONATAL CHILDREN BORN FROM MOTHERS WHO REHIVED COVID-19 DURING PREGNANCY (DESCRIPTION OF TWO CASES)
Authors: Kiselova M. , Komar A. , Malanchak O. , Potsyurko O. 
Published: November 2021

The frequency of detection of infected children with SARS-CoV-2, which is 10% of the total number of infected, including newborns, suggests the need for careful diagnosis of pathological conditions that may occur in children, particularly in the neonatal period. If at the beginning of the detection of COVID-19 it was claimed that the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 does not affect children, then analyzing the new data we see that 2% of patients with diagnosed clinical cases of COVID-19 are children, including newborns.
The article describes observations of several clinical cases of early neonatal adaptation of children born to women who had mild to severe COVID-19 during the first and third trimesters of pregnancy, respectively, because these children at birth had vesicular rash, symptom, which is considered rare for this category of newborns. In 2020, 2,300 newborns were born in the neonatal department of the 3rd City Clinical Hospital of Lviv, with every 5th woman in labor (20%) relapsed to COVID-19 during pregnancy.Analyzing the course of early neonatal adaptation, we found that the adaptation period of such children may not differ from the adaptation of newborns in the number and manifestations of transient conditions characteristic of the first days of life, whose mothers did not suffer from COVID-19 during pregnancy. However, coronavirus infection in women in both the first and third trimesters of pregnancy may be associated with signs of congenital vesiculosis in children, accompanied by inflammatory changes in the blood and blood clotting in the period of early neonatal adaptation in the newborn. Children had no other signs of pathological symptoms (fever, lethargy, drowsiness, hypotension, rhinorrhea, pharyngitis, cough, respiratory disorders (tachypnea, wheezing), vomiting, diarrhea and feeding disorders)), characteristic of infectious diseases specific to newborns, which can be masked by transient states. Manifestations of transient conditions in the observed children were: milia, simple erythema, desquamative peeling of the epidermis, toxic erythema, physiological jaundice.Treatment of the affected areas of the skin with rash elements with 0.05% aqueous solution of chlorhexidine, a three-day course of ampicillin, administered to the child from the first hours of life at a dose of 100 mg / kg / day intravenously contributed to the disappearance of vesiculosis. The maintenance therapy was a multiprobiotic in the form of drops. In the presented cases, no obstacles to breastfeeding and cohabitation of mother and child were observed. In the departments of newborn maternity hospitals, it is necessary to find opportunities, for diagnostic purposes, to conduct microbiological studies of pustules and biomaterial from the mucous membranes of the genital tract to further compare the results and establish etiological factors of vesiculosis, determine biochemical blood tests - CRP, ALT, AST, LD serum, coagulation parameters.
Development of Software for Control of Virtual Objects Using Event-Related Potential P300
Authors: Adov D. Yu. 
Published: November 2021

The article considers the principle of operation of brain-computer interfaces (BCI) and a method for detecting the focus of a person's attention using event-related potential (P300). The review of the existing hardware and software solutions for the implementation of BCIs was performed including the identification of their advantages and disadvantages. The program that allows you to choose the desired stimulus from a variety of presented was developed.An electroencephalograph of the BiTronics Lab company on the Arduino platform was used to receive the signal. Signal filtering, classifier training and visualization are implemented in Python.