bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transition metal cation inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis esterase RV0045C
Authors: Bowles Isobel E. , Pool Emily H. , Lancaster Benjamin S. , Lawson Emily K. , Savas Christopher P. , Kartje Zach J. , Severinac Luke , Cho David H. , Macbeth Mark R. , Johnson R. Jeremy , Hoops Geoffrey C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMycobacterium tuberculosis virulence is highly metal‐dependent with metal availability modulating the shift from the dormant to active states of M. tuberculosis infection. Rv0045c from M. tuberculosis is a proposed metabolic serine hydrolase whose folded stability is dependent on divalent metal concentration. Herein, we measured the divalent metal inhibition profile of the enzymatic activity of Rv0045c and found specific divalent transition metal cations (Cu2+ ≥ Zn2+ > Ni2+ > Co2+) strongly inhibited its enzymatic activity. The metal cations bind allosterically, largely affecting values for kcat rather than KM. Removal of the artificial N‐terminal 6xHis‐tag did not change the metal‐dependent inhibition, indicating that the allosteric inhibition site is native to Rv0045c. To isolate the site of this allosteric regulation in Rv0045c, the structures of Rv0045c were determined at 1.8 Å and 2.0 Å resolution in the presence and absence of Zn2+ with each structure containing a previously unresolved dynamic loop spanning the binding pocket. Through the combination of structural analysis with and without zinc and targeted mutagenesis, this metal‐dependent inhibition was traced to multiple chelating residues (H202A/E204A) on a flexible loop, suggesting dynamic allosteric regulation of Rv0045c by divalent metals. Although serine hydrolases like Rv0045c are a large and diverse enzyme superfamily, this is the first structural confirmation of allosteric regulation of their enzymatic activity by divalent metals.
Take back the tweet: Social media use by anti‐gender‐based violence organizations
Authors: Stabile Bonnie , Grant Aubrey , Purohit Hemant , Sharan Bonala Sai 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSocial media can be a hostile environment for women, where threats of sexual assault and violence proliferate (Locke, Lawtom, and Lyons 2018; Jane 2014). Yet, social media sites like Twitter provide a platform for advocacy organizations seeking to influence public opinion and policy outcomes aimed at reducing gender‐based violence (GBV). Using anti‐GBV groups, this study follows research by Merry (2011, 2014) and Guo and Saxton (2018), to examine whether advocacy organizations effectively use Twitter to mobilize support and influence political communication and policy outcomes, where effectiveness is taken to be synonymous with more interactive communication. Interactivity among groups and the reach of their messaging (i.e., amount of attention received) are assessed to consider their effectiveness and potential mechanisms for broadening that reach. While empirical evidence of effectiveness based on the communicative quality of tweets is not advanced in this analysis, the quantity of tweets is affirmed as a mechanism of attention getting.
Immer wieder neu denken – Der Ingenieur und Hochschullehrer Stefan Polónyi † (1930–2021)
Authors: Bollinger Klaus , Hauke Bernhard , Kloft Harald 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDer Ingenieur und Hochschullehrer Univ.‐Prof. em. Dr.‐Ing. E.h. mult. Stefan Polónyi ist am 9. April 2021 in Köln verstorben. Der nachfolgende Beitrag ist ein gekürztes Essay aus dem Jahrbuch Ingenieurbaukunst 2021. Dieser Beitrag erscheint auch in den Ernst & Sohn‐Zeitschriften Bautechnik Heft 5 und Beton‐ und Stahlbetonbau Heft 5.
A statistical analysis of the COHERENT data and applications to new physics
Authors: Denton Peter B. , Gehrlein Julia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe observation of coherent elastic neutrino nucleus scattering (CEνNS) by the COHERENT collaboration in 2017 has opened a new window to both test Standard Model predictions at relatively low energies and probe new physics scenarios. Our investigations show, however, that a careful treatment of the statistical methods used to analyze the data is essential to derive correct constraints and bounds on new physics parameters. In this manuscript we perform a detailed analysis of the publicly available COHERENT CsI data making use of all available background data. We point out that Wilks’ theorem is not fulfilled in general and a calculation of the confidence regions via Monte Carlo simulations following a Feldman-Cousins procedure is necessary. As an example for the necessity of this approach to test new physics scenarios we quantify the allowed ranges for several scenarios with neutrino non-standard interactions. Furthermore, we provide accompanying code to enable an easy implementation of other new physics scenarios as well as data files of our results:https://github.com/JuliaGehrlein/7stats.
Super-Chern-Simons spectra from exceptional field theory
Authors: Varela Oscar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Exceptional Field Theory has been recently shown to be very powerful to compute Kaluza-Klein spectra. Using these techniques, the mass matrix of Kaluza-Klein vector perturbations about a specific class of AdS4 solutions of D = 11 and massive type IIA supergravity is determined. These results are then employed to characterise the complete supersymmetric spectrum about some notable $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 and $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 3 AdS4 solutions in this class, which are dual to specific three-dimensional superconformal Chern-Simons field theories.
A Modified Tumor‐Node‐Metastasis Staging System for Colon Cancer Patients with Fewer than Twelve Lymph Nodes Examined
Authors: Zhang Hao , Liu Yunxiao , Wang Chunlin , Guan Zilong , Yu Hang , Xu Chao , Zheng Mingyu , Wang Yuliuming , Hu Hanqing , Huang Rui , Wang Guiyu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo construct a modified tumor‐node‐metastasis (TNM) staging system for stage I‐III colon cancer patients with lymph nodes examined (LNE) < 12.MethodsThe clinicopathological and survival data of 3870 stage I‐III colon cancer patients with LNE < 12 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 2010 and 2015 (development cohort) and 126 stage I‐III patients with LNE < 12 from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University between 2011 and 2015 (validation cohort) were identified. The optimal stratification of LNR for cancer‐specific survival (CSS) was achieved using X‐tile software. The predictive accuracy of the modified stage (mStage) was determined by the concordance index (C‐index).ResultsThe modified N stage (mN stage) was built based on the LNR (mN0: LNR = 0, mN1: 0 < LNR < 0.4 or cancer nodule formation and mN2: 0.4 ≤ LNR ≤ 1). Preferable C‐indices could be found for mStage compared with TNM stage in both development (0.750 vs 0.727) and validation cohorts (0.682 vs 0.646). Besides, patients with mStage A and B diseases could not benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy, while in patients with mStage C‐F diseases, those receiving radical surgery plus adjuvant chemotherapy presented better CSS than those with radical surgery alone.ConclusionsThe mStage system could predict the prognosis of colon cancer patients with LNE < 12 accurately and showed superior predictive power compared with conventional TNM staging system. Moreover, adjuvant chemotherapy might play inequable roles in patients with different mStage diseases.
Explaining Siewierska’s generalization
Authors: Hallman Peter 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article presents an explanation for a cross-linguistic gap observed by Anna Siewierska: morphologically unmarked indirect objects may alternate with prepositional marking in what is sometimes called a ‘dative’ or ‘prepositional-dative’ ditransitive frame, but never with actual dative case marking. ‘Dative’, to the extent it alternates with accusative, is always expressed as a preposition. I show firstly that German, which has a robust dative case paradigm, also displays a double object alternation in which the erstwhile dative DP occurs in a prepositional phrase, meaning both accusative (in English) and dative (in German) indirect objects alternate with prepositional encoding. I construct an analysis in which the the indirect object may be generated as either a DP (which receives dative in German and accusative in English) or a PP in the same theta position. This characterization of the double object alternation does not admit an alternation between dative and accusative case on the indirect object, capturing Siewierska’s generalization. The analysis also extends to ‘symmetric’ passive languages, in which either object in the double object construction can be raised to subject in the passive. Some current perspectives on this phenomenon make such languages exceptions to Siewierska’s generalization, but not the analysis proposed here.
The prism model: advancing a&nbsp;theory of practice for arts and humanities in medical education
Authors: Moniz Tracy , Golafshani Maryam , Gaspar Carolyn M. , Adams Nancy E. , Haidet Paul , Sukhera Javeed , Volpe Rebecca L. , De Boer Claire , Lingard Lorelei 
Published: April 2021

Introduction The arts and humanities have transformative potential for medical education. Realizing this potential requires an understanding of what arts and humanities teaching is and what it aims to do. A 2016 review of exclusively quantitative studies mapped three discursive positions (art as intrinsic to, additive to or curative for medicine) and three epistemic functions (art for mastering skills, perspective taking, and personal growth and activism). A more inclusive sample might offer new insights into the position and function of arts and humanities teaching in medical education.
Methods Informed by this 2016 framework, we conducted discursive and conceptual analyses of 769 citations from a database created in a recent scoping review. We also analyzed the 15 stakeholder interviews from this review for recurring themes. These three analyses were iteratively compared and combined to produce a model representing the complex relationship among discursive functions and learning domains.
Results The literature largely positioned arts and humanities as additive to medicine and focused on the functions of mastering skills and perspective taking. Stakeholders emphasized the intrinsic value of arts and humanities and advocated their utility for social critique and change. We offer a refined theory of practice—the Prism Model of four functions (mastering skills, perspective taking, personal insight and social advocacy)—to support more strategic use of arts and humanities in medical education across all learning domains.
Discussion The Prism Model encourages greater pedagogical flexibility and critical reflection in arts and humanities teaching, offering a foundation for achieving its transformative potential.
Structural distress: experiences of moral distress related to structural stigma during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Sukhera Javeed , Kulkarni Chetana , Taylor Taryn 
Published: April 2021

Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has taken a significant toll on the health of structurally vulnerable patient populations as well as healthcare workers. The concepts of structural stigma and moral distress are important and interrelated, yet rarely explored or researched in medical education. Structural stigma refers to how discrimination towards certain groups is enacted through policy and practice. Moral distress describes the tension and conflict that health workers experience when they are unable to fulfil their duties due to circumstances outside of their control. In this study, the authors explored how resident physicians perceive moral distress in relation to structural stigma. An improved understanding of such experiences may provide insights into how to prepare future physicians to improve health equity.
Methods Utilizing constructivist grounded theory methodology, 22 participants from across Canada including 17 resident physicians from diverse specialties and 5 faculty members were recruited for semi-structured interviews from April–June 2020. Data were analyzed using constant comparative analysis.
Results Results describe a distinctive form of moral distress called structural distress, which centers upon the experience of powerlessness leading resident physicians to go above and beyond the call of duty, potentially worsening their psychological well-being. Faculty play a buffering role in mitigating the impact of structural distress by role modeling vulnerability and involving residents in policy decisions.
Conclusion These findings provide unique insights into teaching and learning about the care of structurally vulnerable populations and faculty’s role related to resident advocacy and decision-making.
LEVEL THEORY, PART 2: AXIOMATIZING THE BARE IDEA OF A POTENTIAL HIERARCHY
Authors: BUTTON TIM 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPotentialists think that the concept of set is importantly modal. Using tensed language as a heuristic, the following bare-bones story introduces the idea of a potential hierarchy of sets: ‘Always: for any sets that existed, there is a set whose members are exactly those sets; there are no other sets’. Surprisingly, this story already guarantees well-foundedness and persistence. Moreover, if we assume that time is linear, the ensuing modal set theory is almost definitionally equivalent with non-modal set theories; specifically, with Level Theory, as developed in Part 1.
On uniqueness of invariant measures for random walks on
Authors: BROFFERIO SARA , BURACZEWSKI DARIUSZ , SZAREK TOMASZ 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe consider random walks on the group of orientation-preserving homeomorphisms of the real line

${\mathbb R}$
. In particular, the fundamental question of uniqueness of an invariant measure of the generated process is raised. This problem was studied by Choquet and Deny [Sur l’équation de convolution

$\mu = \mu * \sigma $
. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris250 (1960), 799–801] in the context of random walks generated by translations of the line. Nowadays the answer is quite well understood in general settings of strongly contractive systems. Here we focus on a broader class of systems satisfying the conditions of recurrence, contraction and unbounded action. We prove that under these conditions the random process possesses a unique invariant Radon measure on

${\mathbb R}$
. Our work can be viewed as following on from Babillot et al [The random difference equation

$X_n=A_n X_{n-1}+B_n$
in the critical case. Ann. Probab.25(1) (1997), 478–493] and Deroin et al [Symmetric random walk on

$\mathrm {HOMEO}^{+}(\mathbb {R})$
. Ann. Probab.41(3B) (2013), 2066–2089].
Rutherford, Privitera, and Chad Green: Laetrile’s Setbacks
in the Courts
Authors: Brant Jonathan , Graceffa John 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Chad Green case has again focused
national and international attention on the unproven cancer remedy known as
laetrile. Laetrile has attracted considerable attention in recent years as a
result of claims that it is a nontoxic form of cancer treatment. Twenty-one
states have legalized prescription of laetrile within their borders, despite
the efforts of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to keep laetrile off
the market.
The authors examine the claims about laetrile’s effectiveness and
comment upon scientific tests concerning its efficacy. They maintain that
scientific support for the use of laetrile is almost totally absent and that
evidence of the dangers of laetrile is substantial. After reviewing the
medical evidence concerning laetrile, the authors describe the efforts of
laetrile proponents to use the courts as the battleground to legalize
laetrile. In early skirmishes, laetrile proponents were successful in
opposing the efforts of the FDA; under a constitutional privacy theory
several courts upheld the right of competent adults to select laetrile
therapy.
Subsequently, however, as the authors demonstrate, the U.S. Supreme
Court, in United States v. Rutherford, and the
California Supreme Court, in People v. Privitera,
narrowed the federal constitutional privacy right by declining to read into
it a right to take laetrile. Finally, the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial
Court, in the Chad Green case, considered the
question of laetrile’s toxicity to a recipient of the drug.
The authors discuss the interrelationship among the three cases. They
argue that the overwhelming proof in Chad Green
that laetrile is harmful undermines any statutory or constitutional claims
supporting legalization, because such claims assume that even if laetrile is
not truly therapeutic outside of the placebo effect, it is not toxic. In
light of the three decisions, the authors conclude that supporters of
laetrile should not expect that the courts will be sympathetic to future
legal efforts to approve or to permit use of laetrile therapy.
Longitudinal associations between justice sensitivity, nonsuicidal self-injury, substance use, and victimization by peers
Authors: Bilgin Ayten , Bondü Rebecca , Elsner Birgit 
Published: April 2021

AbstractJustice sensitivity (JS), the tendency to perceive and negatively respond to alleged injustice, has been associated with a range of internalizing and externalizing problems and peer victimization; however, it remains unclear if it has an association with self-victimization. Participants (N = 769) reported on their JS longitudinally at 9–19 (T1), 11–21 (T2), and 14–22 years of age (T3). They further reported on nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and illegal substance use as indicators of self-victimization as well as victimization by peers at T2 and T3. A cross-lagged latent model revealed that victim JS at T1 was positively associated with NSSI, substance use, and peer victimization at T2, and victim JS at T2 was positively associated with substance use at T3. Higher observer JS at T2 predicted higher illegal substance use at T3 and higher illegal substance use at T2 predicted higher observer JS at T3. Finally, higher peer victimization at T2 predicted less perpetrator JS at T3 in the total group. Multigroup models further revealed sex-specific effects. Our findings highlight that being sensitive to injustice, particularly the tendency to feel unfairly treated or being taken advantage of, contributes to individuals’ vulnerability to both engaging in behaviors reflecting self-victimization and being a target of peer victimization, which in turn have influences on JS.
Additive bases via Fourier analysis
Authors: Arsovski Bodan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractExtending a result by Alon, Linial, and Meshulam to abelian groups, we prove that if G is a finite abelian group of exponent m and S is a sequence of elements of G such that any subsequence of S consisting of at least
$$|S| - m\ln |G|$$
elements generates G, then S is an additive basis of G . We also prove that the additive span of any l generating sets of G contains a coset of a subgroup of size at least
$$|G{|^{1 - c{ \in ^l}}}$$
for certain c=c(m) and
$$ \in = \in (m) < 1$$
; we use the probabilistic method to give sharper values of c(m) and
$$ \in (m)$$
in the case when G is a vector space; and we give new proofs of related known results.
Perceptions of geographical indication labels as quality indicators inside and outside the labels’ area of influence: the case of spring fruits
Authors: Rabadán Adrián , Martínez-Carrasco Laura , Brugarolas Margarita , Bernabéu Rodolfo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGeographical indications (GIs) are valuable attributes that enhance the competitiveness of agri-food products, generate added value and revitalize rural environments. The aim of this work was to analyze the attributes spring fruit consumers associate with GIs when they decide to purchase these products. Moreover, the changes in these associations with the increasing distance between the region of production and the place of consumption were also evaluated. We specifically analyzed two GIs used for spring fruits: the protected geographical indication for Mountain Cherries from Alicante (Spain) and the protected designation of origin for Loquats from Callosa d'En Sarriá (Spain). Data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. The results show the significant association in consumers' minds between the preference for GI fruit and the importance attributed to the place of production (origin). The association of different attributes with the GI fruit label is product dependent as the number of attributes associated in the case of cherries (origin, organic, color and variety) is higher than for loquats (origin and variety). Regarding the distance between the production area and the place of consumption, our findings suggest that the closer the consumer is to the GI area of influence, the more attributes they associate with these labels. In this regard, increasing the knowledge of the GI labels beyond their area of influence could boost the demand for these products as consumers would be aware of the different quality attributes concentrated in that label.
Safety and efficacy of linuron with or without an adjuvant or S-metolachlor for POST control of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in sweetpotato
Authors: Moore Levi D. , Jennings Katherine M. , Monks David W. , Leon Ramon G. , Jordan David L. , Boyette Michael D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractField studies were conducted to evaluate linuron for POST control of Palmer amaranth in sweetpotato to minimize reliance on protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-inhibiting herbicides. Treatments were arranged in a two by four factorial in which the first factor consisted of two rates of linuron (420 and 700 g ai ha−1), and the second factor consisted of linuron applied alone or in combinations of linuron plus a nonionic surfactant (NIS; 0.5% vol/vol), linuron plus S-metolachlor (800 g ai ha−1), or linuron plus NIS plus S-metolachlor. In addition, S-metolachlor alone and nontreated weedy and weed-free checks were included for comparison. Treatments were applied to ‘Covington’ sweetpotato 8 d after transplanting (DAP). S-metolachlor alone provided poor Palmer amaranth control because emergence had occurred at applications. All treatments that included linuron resulted in at least 98% and 91% Palmer amaranth control 1 and 2 wk after treatment (WAT), respectively. Including NIS with linuron did not increase Palmer amaranth control compared to linuron alone, but it resulted in greater sweetpotato injury and subsequently decreased total sweetpotato yield by 25%. Including S-metolachlor with linuron resulted in the greatest Palmer amaranth control 4 WAT, but increased crop foliar injury to 36% 1 WAT compared to 17% foliar injury from linuron alone. Marketable and total sweetpotato yields were similar between linuron alone and linuron plus S-metolachlor or S-metolachlor plus NIS treatments, though all treatments resulted in at least 39% less total yield than the weed-free check resulting from herbicide injury and/or Palmer amaranth competition. Because of the excellent POST Palmer amaranth control from linuron 1 WAT, a system that includes linuron applied 7 DAP followed by S-metolachlor applied 14 DAP could help to extend residual Palmer amaranth control further into the critical period of weed control while minimizing sweetpotato injury.