bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Responses of stomatal features and photosynthesis to porewater N enrichment and elevated atmospheric CO2inPhragmites australis, the common reed
Authors: Garrison Julian R. , Caplan Joshua S. , Douhovnikoff Vladimir , Mozdzer Thomas J. , Logan Barry A. 
Published: April 2021

PREMISEBiological invasions increasingly threaten native biodiversity and ecosystem services. One notable example is the common reed,Phragmites australis, which aggressively invades North American salt marshes. Elevated atmospheric CO2and nitrogen pollution enhance its growth and facilitate invasion becauseP. australisresponds more strongly to these enrichments than do native species. We investigated how modifications to stomatal features contribute to strong photosynthetic responses to CO2and nitrogen enrichment inP. australisby evaluating stomatal shifts under experimental conditions and relating them to maximal stomatal conductance (gwmax) and photosynthetic rates.METHODSPlants were grownin situin open‐top chambers under ambient and elevated atmospheric CO2(eCO2) and porewater nitrogen (Nenr) in a Chesapeake Bay tidal marsh. We measured light‐saturated carbon assimilation rates (Asat) and stomatal characteristics, from which we calculatedgwmaxand determined whether CO2and Nenraltered the relationship betweengwmaxandAsat.RESULTSeCO2and Nenrenhanced bothgwmaxandAsat, but to differing degrees;gwmaxwas more strongly influenced by Nenrthrough increases in stomatal density whileAsatwas more strongly stimulated by eCO2. There was a positive relationship betweengwmaxandAsatthat was not modified by eCO2or Nenr, individually or in combination.CONCLUSIONSChanges in stomatal features co‐occur with previously described responses ofP. australisto eCO2and Nenr. Complementary responses of stomatal length and density to these global change factors may facilitate greater stomatal conductance and carbon gain, contributing to the invasiveness of the introduced lineage.
“We don’t want you to come in and make a decision for us”: Traversing cultural authority and responsive regulation in Australian child protection systems
Authors: Hamilton Sharynne L. , Maslen Sarah , Farrant Brad , Ilich Nicole , Michie Carol 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Ngulluk Koolunga Ngulluk Koort (Our Children Our Heart) project conducted extensive Elder and community consultation to develop principles and practice recommendations for child protection governance in Western Australia. We explore these principles and practice recommendations and highlight the need for culturally safe community consultation and governance with a focus on repairing damage incurred by the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community from past child protection policies. We argue that using principles of responsive regulation and the inclusion of Elder voices in child protection decision making is critical to closing the gap between current practice and what is “best practice” for Aboriginal children and families. We also identify important considerations for preventing further harm through consultation processes, and issues of authority.
Polysulfate hemmen durch elektrostatische Wechselwirkungen die SARS‐CoV‐2‐Infektion**
Authors: Nie Chuanxiong , Pouyan Paria , Lauster Daniel , Trimpert Jakob , Kerkhoff Yannic , Szekeres Gergo Peter , Wallert Matthias , Block Stephan , Sahoo Anil Kumar , Dernedde Jens , Pagel Kevin , Kaufer Benedikt B. , Netz Roland R. , Ballauff Matthias , Haag Rainer 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWir zeigen, dass negativ geladene Polysulfate durch elektrostatische Wechselwirkungen an das Spike‐Protein von SARS‐CoV‐2 binden. Durch einen Plaquereduktionstest verglichen wir die hemmende Wirkung von Heparin, Pentosanpolysulfat, linearem Polyglycerolsulfat (LPGS) und hyperverzweigtem Polyglycerolsulfat (HPGS) gegenüber SARS‐CoV‐2. Dabei ist das synthetische LPGS der vielversprechendste Inhibitor mit IC50=67 μg mL−1 (ca. 1,6 μm) und zeigt eine 60‐fach höhere virushemmende Aktivität als Heparin (IC50=4084 μg mL−1) bei zugleich deutlich geringerer gerinnungshemmender Aktivität. Außerdem konnten wir durch Moleküldynamiksimulationen bestätigen, dass LPGS stärker an das Spike‐Protein bindet als Heparin selbst und dass LPGS sogar noch stärker an die Spike‐Proteine der neuen N501Y‐ und E484K‐Varianten bindet. Unsere Studien belegen, dass die Aufnahme von SARS‐CoV‐2 in Wirtzellen über elektrostatische Wechselwirkungen blockiert werden kann. Deshalb kann LPGS als vielversprechender Prototyp für das Design weiterer neuartiger viraler Inhibitoren von SARS‐CoV‐2 herangezogen werden.
Effect of External Surface Diffusion Barriers on Platinum/Beta‐Catalyzed Isomerization of n‐Pentane
Authors: Hu Shen , Liu Junru , Ye Guanghua , Zhou Xinggui , Coppens Marc‐Olivier , Yuan Weikang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe have developed a generalizable strategy to quantify the effect of surface barriers on zeolite catalysis. Isomerization of n‐pentane, catalyzed by Pt/Beta, is taken as a model reaction system. Firstly, the surface modification by chemical liquid deposition of SiO2 was carried out to control the surface barriers on zeolite Beta crystals. The deposition of SiO2 leads to a very slight change in the physical properties of Beta crystals, but an obvious reduction in Brønsted acid sites. Diffusion measurements by the zero‐length column (ZLC) method show that the apparent diffusivity of n‐pentane can be more than doubled after SiO2 deposition, indicating that the surface barriers have been weakened. Catalytic performance was tested in a fixed‐bed reactor, showing that the apparent catalytic activity improved by 51–131 % after SiO2 deposition. These results provide direct proof that reducing surface barriers can be an effective route to improve zeolite catalyst performance deteriorated by transport limitations.
Chitosan preparations with improved fat‐binding capacity
Authors: Silva Felipe B. , Gasparrini Lázaro J. , Cremonez Paulo A. , Burin Glaucia R. M. , Machado Bruna , Polinarski Marcos A. , Arantes Mabel K. , Alves Helton J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractChitosan is a polycationic polysaccharide with good health and nutritional benefits. This study investigated the effect of chitosan properties, such as, biopolymer structure, viscometric molar mass (Mv), and degree of deacetylation (DD), on the fat‐binding capacity between five chitosan preparations (different origins and characteristics) and three types of fat (soybean oil, margarine, and pork lard). The in vitro fat‐binding tests were performed with soybean oil under different pH to simulate the digestion process in the gastrointestinal tract, followed by tests at constant pH (duodenal pH = 6.8) with three types of fat. Shrimp shell nanochitosan had an average hydrodynamic diameter of 62 nm, while that of shrimp shell chitosan and commercial chitosans (CC1, CC2, and CC3) ranged between 1090 and 1405 nm (determined by DLS). The Mv of chitosan varied between 18 and 260 kDa, and the DD ranged from 62% to 92%. Chitosan with medium Mv and high DD presented better results of fat‐binding capacity in the duodenal pH with soybean oil. This study provides insights into the mechanisms of fat‐binding capacity and its correlation with physicochemical properties of chitosan, pH, and type of fat, allowing the production of chitosan‐based products with improved fat‐binding capacity for several applications.
Were eukaryotes made by sex?
Authors: Brandeis Michael 
Published: April 2021

AbstractI hypothesize that the appearance of sex facilitated the merging of the endosymbiont and host genomes during early eukaryote evolution. Eukaryotes were formed by symbiosis between a bacterium that entered an archaeon, eventually giving rise to mitochondria. This entry was followed by the gradual transfer of most bacterial endosymbiont genes into the archaeal host genome. I argue that the merging of the mitochondrial genes into the host genome was vital for the evolution of genuine eukaryotes. At the time this process commenced it was unprecedented and required a novel mechanism. I suggest that this mechanism was meiotic sex, and that its appearance might have been THE crucial step that enabled the evolution of proper eukaryotes from early endosymbiont containing proto‐eukaryotes. Sex might continue to be essential today for keeping genome insertions in check. Also see the video abstract here: https://youtu.be/aVMvWMpomac
A MATLAB GUI teaching application for ferroresonance simulation
Authors: Tao Jinsong , Gan Wangwei , Fang Shuhan , Liu Yamin , Zhang Xiaoxing , Wen Xishan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFerroresonance is a complex phenomenon and can compromise power system sustainability in transformer cores during the electromagnetic saturation process. Over‐voltage can be induced in the inductive core of transformers in an oscillation imbalance circuit; thus causing short circuits or permanent damage to a transformer. Hence, this paper developed a teaching application that combined a graphical user interface (GUI) in MATLAB with a SIMULINK function to model a ferroresonance circuit, to undergraduate engineering students at a Chinese University, as a part of a high‐ voltage engineering course. Students can adjust the parameters in the model to test different types of resonance voltage waveforms to obtain the corresponding power frequencies directly in the GUI. Through the interactive GUI environment, the difficulties that undergraduate students experience in distance education can be eliminated. A questionnaire of the 63 students who took the course was administered to measure student perceptions of this project‐based learning experience, and the responses are included in this paper.
The new FDA nutrition facts labels and consumer purchase intentions: An effect of emotional tax
Authors: Rusmevichientong Pimbucha , Ebrahim Ryan , Nila Jessica , Cheng Ivana , Weiss Jie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn 2016, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced new formats for the Nutrition Facts label (NFL). The revision aimed to heighten consumer attention to calorie posting, which could also evoke a negative emotion known as an emotional tax, for example, anticipated guilt of consumption, thus influencing purchase intentions. This experimental study assessed the relative size of the negative emotion by comparing participant reactions to the new and old formats. We compared NFL formats for a single product, using an ice cream because it is considered a hedonic food that consumers tend to feel guilty about overeating. A total of 673 participants were randomized into groups presented with one of the three new NFL formats or with the old NFL format. They rated two questions: (a) how guilty they would feel after eating the entire container, and (b) how likely they would be to purchase the product. The results from an ordered probit regression showed that the new NFL formats significantly decreased consumer purchase intentions compared to the old NFL format (total effect). The largest percentage increase in anticipated guilt of consumption (27.09% of the total effect) was associated with the single‐serving container NFL format, the dual‐column NFL format (24.89%), and the standard NFL format (9.27%) had smaller effects. These three NFL formats were equally rated more eye‐catching than the old format but provided different contextual cues. Future research on negative emotions that could result from these contextual cues may be warranted to explore the consequences on eating behaviors.
Exploring the Potential of Metallodrugs as Chemotherapeutics for Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Nayeem Nazia , Contel Maria 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis review focuses on studies of coordination and organometallic compounds as potential chemotherapeutics against triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) which has one of the poorest prognoses and worst survival rates from all breast cancer types. At present, chemotherapy is still the standard of care for TNBC since only one type of targeted therapy has been recently developed. References for metal‐based compounds studied in TNBC cell lines will be listed, and those of metal‐specific reviews, but a detailed overview will also be provided on compounds studied in vivo (mostly in mice models) and those compounds for which some preliminary mechanistic data was obtained (in TNBC cell lines and tumors) and/or for which bioactive ligands have been used. The main goal of this review is to highlight the most promising metal‐based compounds with potential as chemotherapeutic agents in TNBC.
Phenyl Silicates with Substituted Catecholate Ligands: Synthesis, Structural Studies and Reactivity
Authors: Levernier Etienne , Jaouadi Khaoula , Zhang Heng‐Rui , Corcé Vincent , Bernard Aurélie , Gontard Geoffrey , Troufflard Claire , Grimaud Laurence , Derat Etienne , Ollivier Cyril , Fensterbank Louis 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhile the generation of aryl radicals by photoredox catalysis under reductive conditions is well documented, it has remained challenging under an oxidative pathway. Because of the easy photo‐oxidation of alkyl bis‐catecholato silicates, a general study of phenyl silicates bearing substituted catecholate ligands has been achieved. The newly synthesized phenyl silicates have been fully characterized, and their reactivity has been explored. It was found that, thanks to the substitution of the catecholate moiety, notably with the 4‐cyanocatecholato ligand, the phenyl radical could be generated and trapped. Computational studies provided a rationale for these findings.
Organometallic Molecular Wires with Thioacetylene Backbones, trans‐{RS‐(C≡C)n}2Ru(phosphine)4: High Conductance through Non‐Aromatic Bridging Linkers
Authors: Yashiro Atsushi , Tanaka Yuya , Tada Tomofumi , Fujii Shintaro , Nishino Tomoaki , Akita Munetaka 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this work, the design, synthesis, and single‐molecule conductance of ethynyl‐ and butadiynyl‐ruthenium molecular wires with thioether anchor groups [RS=n‐C6H13S, p‐tert‐Bu−C6H4S), trans‐{RS−(C≡C)n}2Ru(dppe)2 (n=1 (1R), 2 (2R); dppe: 1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane) and trans‐(n‐C6H13S−C≡C)2Ru{P(OMe)3}4 3hex] are reported. Scanning tunneling microscope break‐junction study has revealed conductance of the organometallic molecular wires with the thioacetylene backbones higher than that of the related organometallic wires having arylethynylruthenium linkages with the sulfur anchor groups, trans‐{p‐MeS−C6H4‐(C≡C)n}2Ru(phosphine)4 4n (n=1, 2) and trans‐(Th−C≡C)2Ru(phosphine)4 5 (Th=3‐thienyl). It should be noted that the molecular junctions constructed from the butadiynyl wire 2R, trans‐{Au−RS−(C≡C)2}2Ru(dppe)2 (Au: gold metal electrode), show conductance comparable to that of the covalently linked polyynyl wire with the similar molecular length, trans‐{Au−(C≡C)3}2Ru(dppe)2 63. The DFT non‐equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) study supports the highly conducting nature of the thioacetylene molecular wires through HOMO orbitals.
Redox Chemistry of Heterobimetallic Polypnictogen Triple‐Decker Complexes – Rearrangement, Fragmentation and Transfer
Authors: Piesch Martin , Reichl Stephan , Riesinger Christoph , Seidl Michael , Balazs Gabor , Scheer Manfred 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe redox chemistry of the heterobimetallic triple‐decker complexes [(Cp*Fe)(Cp′′′Co)(μ,η5:η4‐E5)] (E=P (1), As (2), Cp*=1,2,3,4,5‐pentamethyl‐cyclopentadienyl, Cp′′′=1,2,4‐tri‐tertbutyl‐cyclopentadienyl) and [(Cp′′′Co)(Cp′′′Ni)(μ,η3:η3‐E3)] (E=P (10), As (11)) was investigated. Compound 1 and 2 could be oxidized to the monocations 3 and 4 and further to the dications 5 and 6, while the initially folded cyclo‐E5 ligand planarizes upon oxidation. The reduction leads to an opposite change in the geometry of the middle deck, which is now folded stronger into the direction of the other metal fragment (formation of monoanions 7 and 8). For the arsenic compound 8, a different behavior is found since a fragmentation into an As6 (9) and As3 ligand complex occurs. The Co and Ni triple‐decker complexes 10 and 11 can be oxidized initially to the heterometallic monocations 12 and 13, which are not stable in solution and convert selectively into the homometallic nickel complexes 14 and 15 and the cobalt complexes 16 and 17. This behavior was further proven by the oxidation of [(Cp′′′Co)(Cp′′Ni)(μ,η3:η2‐P3)] (19, Cp′′=1,3‐di‐tertbutyl‐cyclopentadienyl) comprising two different Cp ligands. The transfer of {CpRM} fragments can be suppressed when a {W(CO)5} unit is coordinated to the P3 ligand (20) prior to the oxidation and the mixed cobalt and nickel cation 21 can be isolated. The reduction of 10 and 11 yields the heterometallic monoanions 22 and 23, where no transfer of the {CpRM} fragments is observed.
Experimenting with labs: Practical and pedagogical considerations for the integration of problem‐based lab instruction in chemical engineering
Authors: Vaez Ghaemi Roza , Potvin Gabriel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLaboratory instruction is a core component of the training of chemical engineers. The hands‐on experiences in the laboratory are designed to facilitate the development of critical analytical skills, establish links between theory and reality, and develop transferrable skills. In the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (CHBE) at the University of British Columbia (UBC), the senior laboratory course was designed using a Problem‐Based Laboratory (PBL) approach to shift part of the responsibility for the learning experience from the instructor to the students, with the aim to improve learning outcomes. In this course, student teams perform 10‐week open‐ended labs in which they design and execute unique experimental plans to address industrially relevant problem statements. This course leverages student autonomy and ownership of their work, the flexibility of deliverables, and low‐stakes opportunities to make and fix mistakes to increase student engagement, which in turn facilitates the development of critical thinking and decision‐making skills and increases student confidence in their engineering abilities. This paper synthesizes student feedback, performance data, instructor observations, and logistical experiences over several iterations of this course to identify the key elements required for the successful implementation of PBL instruction. The rationale for this shift in pedagogical approaches, the pedagogical grounding underpinning this design, the basic course structure and its reception by students, and the main challenges of this type of course implementation in chemical engineering are also presented.
Uniform Formation of Amorphous Cobalt Phosphate on Carbon Nanotubes for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction†
Authors: Ge Mengzhan , Zhang Xiaodong , Xia Shangzhou , Luo Wenjie , Jin Yuwei , Chen Qianqian , Nie Huagui , Yang Zhi 
Published: April 2021

Main observation and conclusionTremendous efforts have been made to the development of highly active, stable hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts based on earth‐abundant metal compounds. Recently, cobalt phosphorus (Co‐P) catalysts have received particular attention owing to their good performances for the HER. However, the reported Co‐P catalysts were not uniformly anchored on the substrates. Hence, developing Co‐P catalysts with a uniform surface structure for HER remains a major challenge. Herein, we utilized small molecule tris(4‐fluorophenyl)phosphane (PF) for preliminarily functionalizing carbon nanotubes (PF‐CNTs) via π–π stacking interactions. Using these as the substrate, amorphous cobalt phosphate (CoPi) catalysts could then be uniformly anchored on PF‐CNTs by electrodeposition method. These obtained CoPi/PF‐CNTs catalysts show an onset potential low to 29 mV, a low overpotential (105 mV in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 at a current density of 10 mA·cm–2 with a Tafel plot of 32 mV·dec–1) and an excellent stability for HER in acidic electrolyte, which is a promising noble‐metal‐free HER catalyst.
On‐chip power supply generation for self‐contained electronics using oxide thin‐film transistors
Authors: Sharma Ashima , Bahubalindruni Pydi Ganga , Bharti Manisha , Barquinha Pedro 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThis paper presents a novel DC–DC converter suitable for low voltage operation using n‐type all enhancement amorphous indium–gallium–zinc oxide (a‐IGZO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs). This circuit employs the charge transfer switches (CTSs) which dynamically directs the charge flow in one direction. The limitations of conventional charge pump topology, that is, reverse charge sharing phenomenon and limited output voltage, are mitigated in the proposed design. It offers a voltage conversion efficiency (VCE) of 97.8% and maximum power efficiency of 91.1% at a load current of 5 μA when simulated using an in‐house analytical model in cadence virtuoso environment. It is capable of working at a voltage as low as 3 V provided by thin‐film, printed batteries. To the best of author's knowledge, this is the first design, which demonstrates on‐chip power supply generation for oxide TFT‐based circuits using a single thin‐film battery (equivalent voltage) which offers the highest output DC voltage of 14.36 V at a clock frequency and input voltage of 1 MHZ and 3 V, respectively. Further, an on‐chip clock generator is implemented to generate all signals required by the charge pump circuit. The proposed circuit provides highest VCE and power efficiency in comparison to reported circuits using same technology. Hence, it finds potential application in next era self‐contained electronics, such as smart packaging and wearable devices using flexible electronics.
Polyoxometalate‐Based Metal‐Organic Framework/Polypyrrole Composites toward Enhanced Supercapacitor Performance
Authors: Li Tingyu , He Peng , Dong Yi‐na , Chen Weichao , Wang Ting , Gong Jian , Chen Weilin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSupercapacitors are energy storage equipment that have attracted particular attention owing to its wide operating temperature range, high‐power density, and small size, whereas the limited energy density has always been a main obstacle in many applications. Composite materials have a forward‐looking application value in the manufacture of innovative supercapacitors due to the synergistic effect between various components. We propose a plain oxidative polymerization method to prepare the polyoxometalate‐based metal‐organic framework/polypyrrole composites (PW12@MIL‐101/PPy‐n, n represents the volumes of pyrrole) toward supercapacitor electrodes for the first time. PW12@MIL‐101 possesses rich and fully accessible active sites as well as regular porosity provided by PW12 and MIL‐101(Fe), respectively. PPy can effectively meliorate the conductivity of PW12@MIL‐101 by accelerating the Faradaic process at the surface, and then facilitate electron/ion transfer between PW12@MIL‐101 nanocrystallines. As a result, PW12@MIL‐101/PPy‐0.15 composite has a noticeably higher specific capacitance (1217 mF ⋅ cm−2), which is better than PW12@MIL‐101 (158 mF ⋅ cm−2) and MIL‐101 (117 mF ⋅ cm−2). Meanwhile, the relevant symmetric supercapacitor assembled with PW12@MIL‐101/PPy‐0.15 displays a sizable energy density of 20.7 Wh/kg at a power density of 277.6 W/kg. About 83.7 % of the pristine capacitance is still reserved after 2000 consecutive charges and discharges.