bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
El costo de crecer en la Pyme
Authors: Trujillo Ricardo 
Published: February 2021

Las pequeñas y medianas empresas (pymes) están en todo momento buscando recursos de corto plazo, sobre todo en temas tan puntuales como la consolidación de una deuda, el pago a proveedores, el financiamiento de lotes de producción. Desde el umbral de mi humilde cuartel de escritos y memorias, traigo al frente el tema del financiamiento, no porque sea algo recurrente o de moda, sino sobre todo porque hoy en día y más que antes, la banca está dispuesta a asumir mayores riesgos siempre y cuando su costo de oportunidad sea bien compensado.
Gestión del cambio y transformación cultural
Authors: Senmache Ana Elena 
Published: February 2021

En este mundo tan competitivo, el cambio es lo más frecuente en nuestras organizaciones. Todo cambio debe acompañarse de una transformación cultural de nuestros equipos. Debemos lograr que las personas que nos acompañan hagan propia esta transformación y que, a partir de la fecha, la lleven en su ADN. Ahora, ¿cómo logramos que la lleven en su ADN? Esto no es una tarea tan fácil para los ejecutivos porque el personal suele sentir que las propuestas de mejora vienen de la “alta dirección”, que son imposiciones que alterarán su status quo o que generarán modificaciones que podrían complicarles la vida.
La estabilidad laboral y la rigidez laboral: dos aberraciones en la política pública peruana
Authors: Summers Rainer 
Published: February 2021

La estabilidad laboral y la rigidez laboral son aberrantes porque chocan con principios elementales de la economía de libre mercado y del industrialismo. Si el Perú quiere desarrollarse industrialmente para poder enfrentar a la cuarta Revolución Industrial del siglo XXI, tiene que conocer, entender y adecuarse a las leyes de la lógica del industrialismo.
La Alianza del Pacífico: una estrategia efectiva para fortalecer la relación comercial con Asia-Pacífico
Authors: Pérez Aponte María Cecilia , Roo Superlano Elba 
Published: February 2021

Este ensayo tiene por objeto analizar la vinculación entre los compromisos asumidos en el marco del Acuerdo de Asociación Transpacífico (TPP) y su influencia en la profundización de las relaciones peruanas en el marco de la Alianza del Pacífico (AP). Efectivamente, ambos acuerdos contienen compromisos similares en materia de comercio de bienes y servicios, por lo que vincular la relación entre ambos acuerdos merece especial atención en la medida en que constituyen, desde la perspectiva de las autoras, punto de partida para la generación de nuevos acuerdos comerciales bilaterales, así como multilaterales.
¿Cómo cambiarle el perfil de negocios a América Latina? La sucinta conexión entre desempeño económico y apertura comercial en el período 1960-2016
Authors: Adrianzén Cabrera Carlos 
Published: February 2021

Este artículo analiza la conexión de largo plazo entre el grado de apertura comercial y el desempeño económico en América Latina y el Caribe en el periodo 1960-2016. Aprovechando datos de la base de Indicadores del Desarrollo Mundial del Banco Mundial, y usando un modelo recursivo ad hoc, se encuentra que el coeficiente de apertura comercial tiene un muy significativo ajuste estadístico como variable explicativa de un conjunto de indicadores de desempeño regional (i. e., la escala del producto bruto interno, PBI; el PBI por habitante; las tasas de crecimiento anual del PBI y el PBI por habitante; y las ratios del PBI y el PBI por habitante, como proporciones de índices similares de los Estados Unidos de América). Ese resultado confirmaría que, durante el periodo analizado, el grado de apertura comercial en América Latina ha explicado —para bien y para mal— la performance del entorno de negocios en la región.
Big data, inteligencia analítica y la bolsa de valores
Authors: Mendívil Rivas Héctor Eduardo 
Published: February 2021

La toma de decisiones en las ruedas de bolsa requiere de datos e información, así como de reglas de inferencia a emplear por los agentes económicos. Con las reglas y la información se podrá establecer valores para las variables que le den soporte al análisis de las posibilidades de compra o venta que enfrenta el agente económico en las ruedas de bolsa. Para obtener ventajas en la indicada toma de decisiones dependeremos de la calidad y cantidad de reglas, de la cantidad y calidad de los datos e información, así como de la velocidad de los cálculos. Es así que el uso de big data, concepto relacionado con la gestión de diversas fuentes de datos, ofrecería una ventaja en las ruedas de bolsa.
Política fiscal y evasión: una introducción práctica a la teoría de los juegos
Authors: Cado Osvaldo 
Published: February 2021

Se estudiarán los diferentes mecanismos a través de los cuales las economías en desarrollo podrían evitar el equilibrio subóptimo del cual muchas de ellas son víctimas, con tasas impositivas nominales altas y una evasión considerable. De modo paralelo, se explicarán detalladamente los fundamentos teóricos utilizados en cada sección del trabajo, constituyendo el mismo un resumen a partir del cual pueden introducirse estudiantes o personas interesadas a la teoría de los juegos.
Productividad saludable
Authors: Saucedo Vicente 
Published: February 2021

Los hábitos alimenticios pueden estar relacionados con la productividad de los trabajadores; así lo exponen diferentes estudios. Los hábitos de mantener una alimentación saludable permiten prevenir la aparición de diferentes tipos de enfermedades. El estrés y las presiones laborales pueden mermar la capacidad de los trabajadores de analizar el entorno de manera objetiva; y asimismo, llevar a desórdenes alimenticios. La relación entre la alimentación y la productividad se presenta también a nivel interno en el organismo, a través de la acción de neurotransmisores. Se resalta entonces la importancia que tiene la alimentación en el bienestar general de una persona.
Estrategias empresariales peruanas en la primera globalización: participación temprana en exposiciones internacionales
Authors: Seiner Lizardo 
Published: February 2021

Las Exposiciones Universales (EXPO), datan de 1850 y representan un potente evento de carácter internacional para alentar el progreso, la promoción del desarrollo y una expresión visible del proceso de globalización. La prensa local criticó fuertemente que el Perú no asistiera a la EXPO 2015; cabe preguntarse: ¿fue esta la primera vez que el país no participó? El presente trabajo se interroga sobre la relevancia de las EXPO, analizando sus aportes, desde una perspectiva histórica y señalando su utilidad para agregar valor a los negocios. Dada su resonancia para efectos de posicionamiento de una imagen nacional, se ve como necesario revisar las relaciones empresa-Estado en el marco de las políticas comerciales.
La banca móvil como alternativa para la inclusión social en áreas rurales
Authors: Azabache Carlos 
Published: February 2021

Esta investigación estudia la viabilidad de implementar la banca móvil en el Perú, especialmente en las áreas rurales. El trabajo se justifica porque en el país la población de bajos niveles de ingresos tiene escaso acceso a los servicios bancarios formales, no sólo debido a la disparidad económica, sino también debido a brechas en los mercados de estos servicios. Esta investigación usa la experiencia de FITEL como fuente de datos y desarrolla un análisis empírico del que se infiere que la banca móvil en el país sí es viable y ayudaría a reducir las deficiencias antes aludidas.
‘Oro verde’: la invención del paisaje forestal en Wallmapu/Araucanía, sur de Chile
Authors: Escalona Ulloa Miguel , Barton Jonathan 
Published: February 2021

Desde su incorporación a la República de Chile, Wallmapu/Araucanía ha sido objeto de importantes transformaciones territoriales. Una vez usurpada la tierra al pueblo mapuche, llegó el momento de explotar los fértiles valles e inexpugnables bosques para dar inicio al cultivo de trigo y su explotación que duró hasta inicios del siglo XX. Este trabajo busca indagar en la ‘invención’ del paisaje forestal del ‘Oro Verde’ en este territorio, utilizando para ello el enfoque de la ecología política histórica y el marco de ‘paisajes de poder’ en particular. A partir del análisis e interpretación de fuentes históricas, incluyendo cartografía, fotografía y textos, se (re)construye la trayectoria de este paisaje, haciendo énfasis en el rol de la ciencia, la promulgación de leyes, la creación de instituciones y la influencia de instituciones internacionales, quienes durante gran parte del siglo XX allanaron el camino para la llegada de grandes empresas, quienes bajo la dictadura iniciaron un ‘boom’ forestal sin precedentes. Las conclusiones apuntan a la importancia de transitar desde el concepto neutro de vocación territorial hacia la invención del paisaje como una construcción social basada en relaciones de poder que llevan a la dominación y la exclusión.
Application of Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing in The Diagnosis and Treatment Guidance of Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia in Renal Transplant Recipients
Authors: Zhang Feng , Chen Jia , Huang He , Liu Rangjiao , Ren Xiaomei , Wan Qiquan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) is difficult to be diagnosed, so this study explored if PJP could be diagnosed by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and if mNGS could guide the therapy of PJP. Methods: mNGS successfully diagnosed 13 out of 14 PJP recipients with 11 through peripheral blood samples, verified by PCR. Ten non-PJP recipients were enrolled as the control group. Results: Blood tests revealed a high β-Dglucan (BDG) level in all recipients with PJP during the hospitalization. Four (28.6%) of 14 PJP patients were infected with cytomegalovirus simultaneously, while 8 (57.1%) suffered from a combined infection caused by Torque teno virus. Five (35.7%) of 14 cases died of PJP or the subsequent bacteremias/bacterial pneumonia with a longer interval between the onset and diagnosis of/the available therapy against PJP than survival cases. Univariate analysis of Characteristics between PJP and non-PJP recipients revealed that BDG assays was higher at the admission in PJP group ( P =0.011). Conclusions: This present study supports the value of mNGS detection of blood sample in diagnosing PJP, which could assist clinical decision for therapy against PJ and improve outcome of PJP. The study also highlights the sensitivity of BDG assays. Cytomegalovirus and Torque teno virus infections often occur at the same time of PJP, thus can be alerts of PJP.
Impact of Pulse D Therapy on The Inflammatory Markers in Patients With COVID-19.
Authors: Lakkireddy Maheshwar , Gadiga Srikanth Goud , Malathi R.D. , Karra Madhu Latha , Raju I S S V Prasad Murthy , Ragini  , Chinapaka Sangeetha , KSS Sai Baba , Kandakatla Manohar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction: COVID 19 is known to cause immune dysregulation and vitamin D is a known immunomodulator. This study aims to objectively investigate the impact of Pulse D therapy in reducing the inflammatory markers of COVID-19. Materials/ Methods: Consented COVID-19 patients with hypovitaminosis D were evaluated for inflammatory markers (N/L ratio, CRP, LDH, IL6, Ferritin) along with vitamin D on 0th day and 9th / 11th day as per their respective BMI category. Subjects were randomised into VD and NVD groups. VD group received Pulse D therapy (targeted daily supplementation of 60,000 IUs of vitamin D for 8 or 10 days depending upon their BMI) in addition to the standard treatment. NVD group received standard treatment alone. Differences in the variables between the two groups were analysed for statistical significance. Results: Eighty seven out of one hundred and thirty subjects have completed the study (VD:44, NVD:43). Vitamin D level has increased from 15.65 ± 5.54 ng/ml to 88.96 ± 31.55 ng/ml after Pulse D therapy in VD group and highly significant (p<0.01) reduction of all the measured inflammatory markers was noted. Reduction of markers in NVD group was insignificant (p>0.05) . The difference in the reduction of markers between the groups (NVD vs VD) was highly significant (p<0.01). Conclusions: Therapeutic improvement in vitamin D to 80-100 ng/ml has significantly reduced the inflammatory markers associated with COVID-19 without any side effects. Hence, adjunctive Pulse D therapy can be added safely to the existing treatment protocols of COVID-19 for improved outcomes.
Characterizing variations of dissolved organic matter (DOM) properties in Nansi Lake: an important reservoir along the eastern route of China’s South-to-North Water Diversion Project
Authors: Ren Haoyu , Yao Xin , Ma Feiyang , Fan Tuantuan , Deng Huanguang , Zhang Yinghao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Variations in dissolved organic matter (DOM) quality has far-reaching implications that affect, e.g., aquatic productivity, food web structures, trace element and pollutant transport. In this study, a total of 186 water samples were collected at 62 sites (three points in time within one year) in Nansi Lake. UV-Vis spectra, Synchronous fluorescence (SF) spectra, the excitation-emission matrix and parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) were applied to indicate the source and quality of DOM. Water transferring of the eastern route of China’s South-to-North Water Diversion Project had a great influence on the water level of Nansi Lake. Results of SF spectra, EEM-PARAFAC and principal component analysis (PCA) suggested that protein-like substances played a more important role in DOM properties in April and July than October. This result is related to a high fluorescence intensity occurred in April (Fmax=0.72±0.03 in the upper lake and 1.84±0.13 in the lower lake) and July (Fmax=1.10±0.05 in the upper lake and 1.49±0.04 in the lower lake), which might be caused by water transferring from other lakes to Nansi Lake, death and decomposition of submerged plants. At the same time, relatively good correlations were found between humic-like substances, DOC and a254 in April, July and October, which indicated the important contribution of humic-like substances to Nansi Lake. With the completion of the water diversion, the ratio of the fluorescence intensity of component to the total fluorescence intensity (%Fmax) suggested that the proportion of humic-like substances started to increase. And when it came to October, humic-like substances become the main substance in DOM collected from Nansi Lake (%Fmax=66.56%±0.58% in the upper lake and 61.98%±0.99% in the lower lake). Moreover, among the two areas in Nansi Lake, the upper lake always had a higher degree of humification (HIX=2.23±0.06, 2.38±0.11 and 3.10±0.05 in April, July and October, respectively) than the lower lake (HIX=1.06±0.05, 1.68±0.05 and 2.62±0.08 in April, July and October, respectively), which implied extraneous contaminants might have a more important impact on DOM properties in the upper lake.
Deactivation of Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes in drinking water by PMS/UV-C: Efficiency and mechanisms
Authors: Chen Taoqin , Li Jinzhe , Xu Longqian , Zhang Dong , Wang Zheng , Chen Hongbin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The occurrence an d infestations of chlorine-resistant invertebrates in drinking water distributions have attracted concerns on water quality in China, making effective deactivation imperative. This study presents a no vel strategy for nematode ( Caenorhabditis elegans ) deactivation using peroxymonosulfate (PMS)/UV-C. The results indicated that 100% deactivation efficiency was obtained under optimal conditions. An acidic pH and 0.25 mg/L Fe(II) were beneficial to the PMS/UV-C-triggered deactivation of nematodes. A mechanism study demonstrated that was activated by UV-C to produce · OH and · SO 4 - , which resulted in oxidative stress and stimulated the occurrence of cell apoptosis, leading to nematode deactivation. The results reveal PMS/UV-C as an alternative to chlorination in water treatment plants (WTP) or an emergency application when chlorine-resistant invertebrates breed in a second-supply water tank, is a promising strategy for disinfection. This approach afforded the advantages of avoiding the production of chlorine disinfection by-products (DBP) and greater efficacy of nematode deactivation. This work will provide ideas for on-going research efforts into chlorine-resistant invertebrate deactivation, and eventually achieve the direct drinking of municipal tap water.
A Novel Stop-Gain Mutation in MSH2 Gene Among a Persian Family Fulfilling Classic Amsterdam Criteria for Lynch Syndrome
Authors: Miar Paniz , Narrei Sina , Tabatabaiefar Mohammad Amin , Pourreza Mohammad Reza , Hashemzadeh-Chaleshtori Morteza , Emami Mohammad Hassan , Zeinalian Mehrdad 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose

Lynch syndrome is the most common hereditary cancer syndromes due to a germline mutation in one of the mismatch-repair (MMR) genes. It results in early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) and other Lynch-associated cancers in an autosomal dominant pattern. In this article, a new pathogenic variant in a Persian family with familial CRCs and positive Amsterdam II criteria has been described.
Methods

IHC-MMRs was done on tissue sections from tumor and its adjacent healthy tissue of the proband. Microsatellite instability (MSI) testing was also performed on DNA extracted from tumor and healthy tissue using Promega kit. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) was finally done on genomic DNA of the proband using a 12-gene-panel including MMR genes. Variant filtering and prioritization were done using bioinformatics tools. Co-segregation analysis was used to evaluate the explored pathogenic variant.
Results

The proband was a 38-year woman at-diagnosis affected with CRC located in the sigmoid colon. The family history of cancer was observed in three successive generations. IHC was absent for MSH2 and MSH6, and MSI-High was reported from MSI testing. NGS analysis explored a new stop gained codon mutation on the first exon of MSH2 gene as a substitution of A to G MSH2: c.364A > T which was pathogenic according to the variant interpretation guidelines of American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics.
Conclusion

Revealing of a more obvious molecular feature of Lynch-syndrome among Iranian populations could lead to identification of at-risk people for early care and prevention of cancer.
Tumor Lysis Syndrome Risk in Outpatient Versus Inpatient Administration of Venetoclax and Hypomethlators for Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Pelcovits Ari , Moore Jozal , Bakow Brianna , Niroula Rabin , Egan Pamela , Reagan John 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
IntroductionVenetoclax along with hypomethylating agents (HMAs) is the new standard therapy for older patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) not fit for intensive frontline induction chemotherapy. Venetoclax is associated with fatal episodes of tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and recommendations are for its initiation for CLL and AML in the inpatient setting with close monitoring. Herein, we evaluated the safety of outpatient venetoclax ramp up when given in addition to HMAs for the treatment of AML. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of patients diagnosed with AML at our institution from 12/1/2016 until 7/1/2020. We identified patients who received HMAs and venetoclax for AML, either as frontline or relapsed/refractory therapy. Records were reviewed for evidence of laboratory or clinical tumor lysis episodes in all patients. Results Between 12/1/2016 and 7/1/2020 43 patients at our institution received venetoclax/HMA for the treatment of AML. Thirty-nine patients (91%) had venetoclax initiation and ramp up in the outpatient setting. One episode of laboratory TLS (2.5%) was identified. This patient required admission to the hospital for rasburicase and IV fluids with resolution of the laboratory effects without resultant clinical TLS. There were no episodes of clinical TLS in either group. 30-day mortality from venetoclax initiation was 0% in both groups. Conclusion Our experience with HMAs and venetoclax showed that outpatient ramp up of venetoclax is safe with a very low risk of laboratory TLS (2.5%) and no evidence of clinical TLS within our cohort.
Changes of Blood Pressure Rhythm and Clock Protein Expression Levels in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats After Ischemia-Reperfusion
Authors: Jin Jing , Liu Yumeng , Huang Jing , Zhang Dong , Ge Jian , He Mingli 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective

A variety of circadian patterns of blood pressure after ischemic stroke in patients with essential hypertension appear to be a potential risk of stroke recurrence, but the mechanism is still unclear. This study intends to reveal the changes in blood pressure rhythm and circadian clock protein expression levels in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) after ischemia-reperfusion, and the relationship between the two.
Methods

Using the SHR middle cerebral artery occlusion experimental model, the systolic blood pressure was continuously monitored for 24 hours after the operation to observe the blood pressure rhythm. The rat tail vein blood was taken every 3h, and the serum CLOCK, BMAL1, PER1 and CRY1 protein expression levels were detected by Elisa. Pearson correlation analysis counted the relationship between SHR blood pressure rhythm and circadian clock protein fluctuation after ischemia-reperfusion.
Results

The proportion of abnormal blood pressure patterns in the SHR + tMCAO group was significantly higher than that in the SHR group, the serum CLOCK expression was relatively constant, and the circadian rhythm of BMAL1, PER1 and CRY1 protein expression changed significantly. Pearson analysis showed that PER1 protein level was negatively correlated with dipper (r = -0.565, P = 0.002) and extreme-dipper (r = -0.531, P = 0.001) blood pressure, and was significantly positively correlated with non-dipper blood pressure (r = 0.620, P < 0.001).
Conclusion

The rhythm pattern of blood pressure after ischemia-reperfusion in SHR is obviously disordered, and it is closely related to the regulation of Per1 gene.
Genetic Diversity and The Presence of Circular Plasmids in Bacillus Cereus Isolates of Clinical and Food Origin
Authors: Kišek Tjaša Cerar , Pogačnik Nežka , Torkar Karmen Godič 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The diversity of 61 Bacillus cereus strains isolated from different clinical specimens, food including raw milk and milk products, and water was evaluated. PFGE analysis could discriminate 61 distinct pulsotypes with similarity levels from 25 to 82%, which were divided into 13 clonal complexes. The similarity between clonal complexes was at least 40%. Clinical strains were divided into 10 clonal complexes, while the strains, isolated from milk, food and water were included in 9, 6 and 6 clonal complexes, respectively. Three clonal complexes were dominated by clinical isolates, while they were absent in two complexes. Bacterial isolates from foods, being a probable source of alimentary toxoinfection, showed low similarity to isolates from stool specimens. The isolates from both sources were classified together in only 4 out of 13 clonal complexes. The large circular and linear plasmids with the sizes between 50 and 200 kb were detected in 24 (39.3%) and 14 (23%) B. cereus strains, respectively. Thirteen (21.3%) strains contained only one plasmid, two plasmids were found in 6 (9.8%) of strains, and three or more plasmids were obtained in 5 (8.2%) of tested strains. The plasmids were confirmed in 30.8% and 40% of isolates from clinical specimens and food and milk samples, respectively. No clear correlation between the PFGE profiles, the source as well as plasmid content among all tested strains was observed.