bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Problems of formation of tourist-recreational complex in Irkutsk Region
Authors: Gafarova Elena 
Published: March 2021

The key direction of economic development of Irkutsk region is forming a recreational complex based on such a unique resource as the lake Baikal as a competitive advantage of the region. It is possible to develop various kinds of tourism here.Development of the tourist sector may become one of the prime projects of development of interregional cooperation within the limits of the Siberian federal district. There exists a decision of Federal authorities to create in the Irkutsk region a special economic zone of tourist-recreational type, «The Gate of Baikal».The basic problem is that the material base of the sector has been essentially obsolete and does not correspond to the international standards. The airport «Irkutsk» is one of the bottlenecks.Another problem is alignment of seasonal prevalence of tourist flows. In the tourist sector, the practice of private-state partnership seems to be quite effective.
Stan i perspektywy rozwoju bazy noclegowej w obwodzie lwowskim
Authors: Rettinger Renata 
Published: March 2021

Lviv Oblast can be proud of most favourable conditions for the development of various forms of tourism. It is a region of unique environmental features, characterized both by lowlands and mountain ranges with large share of protected areas. Tourist functions of the region are proven by numerous cultural heritage sites, especially in such a centre as the city of Lviv. In Lviv there are over three thousand monuments, which makes it a unique “city – museum”, recognized by UNESCO within its list of World Heritage Sites. Lviv Oblast is one of the most important spa regions in Ukraine, with the main spa resort of Truskawiec, which has been recently undergoing a whole range of structural changes. For many years a deficit of tourist accommodation has been observed, both in Lviv itself and in other areas of the region. Another drawback is low quality of the offered services, which is caused by the low standard of available facilities.
Poziom zadowolenia turystów zagranicznych a perspektywy wzrostu ruchu turystycznego w Meksyku
Authors: Winiarczyk-Raźniak Anna , Raźniak Piotr 
Published: March 2021

The paper is dedicated to the issue of the relationship between the level of satisfaction of foreign tourists visiting Mexico and the potential for growth in the number of persons visiting from abroad. The publication is based on survey research conducted by the Mexican agency “Secretaria del Turismo” among tourists arriving by air. The survey asked participants to rate the state of the Mexican tourist infrastructure, airport facilities, and attitudes of locals towards foreign tourists. The survey study showed a general increase in the satisfaction level of people who had visited Mexico in 2007 relative to that of people who had visited in 2002. Security and Mexican hospitality were highly rated by survey participants. Forecasts call for growth in tourist traffic and predict increasing revenues for the tourist industry. This may be associated with the growing level of satisfaction experienced by visitors to Mexico.
Wpływ kryzysu na zmiany produkcji przemysłowej w Polsce
Authors: Rachwał Tomasz 
Published: March 2021

The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of the global economic crisis on changes in industrial production in Poland compared to other European countries. The paper examines the changes in indicators such as industrial production growth, changes in production of major products, employment in industry, labor productivity and economic climate. This analysis shows that current negative effects f economic crisis on Polish industry are not as major as expected and are comparable with previous periods of economic downturn (eg. the late 90’s of the 20th century). It also implies, that very often the changes in industrial production are affected by number of other socio-economic factors, the economic crisis being only one of the external factors.
Specjalna strefa ekonomiczna jako biegun wzrostu (ujęcie teoretyczne)
Authors: Typa Magdalena 
Published: February 2021

Z uwagi na to, że specjalne strefy ekonomiczne (SSE) działają w Polsce od 20 lat, to zasadne jest ustalenie, czy mogą one tworzyć układy przestrzenne, które przekształcają się w bieguny wzrostu regionalnego. Dlatego celem artykułu jest wyjaśnienie w świetle teorii rozwoju lokalnego, regionalnego, prawidłowości dotyczących powstawania biegunów wzrostu w oparciu o specjalne strefy ekonomiczne wraz ze wskazaniem skutków ich funkcjonowania z punktu widzenia zagospodarowania przestrzeni ekonomicznej. Jako metodę badawczą zastosowano studia literatury przedmiotu. W wyniku przeprowadzonej analizy ustalono, że strefa ekonomiczna może być przyczynkiem do powstania układów przestrzennych wskutek napływu inwestorów zainteresowanych maksymalizacją korzyści zewnętrznych z lokalizacji w sąsiedztwie innych przedsiębiorstw. W krótkim terminie w miejscu powstania strefy wzrost gospodarczy jest zdynamizowany wskutek działania mechanizmów mnożnikowych. W dłuższym okresie, w konsekwencji powiązań tworzonych z podmiotami spoza strefy, efekty te są rozprzestrzeniane i prowadzą do rozwoju w skali regionalnej.
Przemiany funkcjonowania Zakładów Przemysłu Dziewiarskiego „Jarlan” S.A. w Jarosławiu (ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem lat 1999–2003)
Authors: Kilar Wioletta 
Published: March 2021

The Knitting Factory “Jarlan” in Jarosław was established in 1972, when the country’s economy was centrally controlled. Initially, “Jarlan” comprised of four smaller plants, but in the process of shifting to market economy some of them were closed as they proved unprofitable. In 1992, the Factory was turned into a sole shareholder company of the Treasury. Subsequently, together with other companies in the clothing – knitting field, “Jarlan” became a part of the “Próchnik” holding, and in 2002 the controlling interest was purchased by Krzysztof Dajczak.Due to the nature of its production, women prevail among “Jarlan’s” employees. In the 1980’s, out of 3000 people employed, two-thirds were women. During the transformation period, employment was reduced to 982 people, 199 men and 783 women, which constituted only 28% of the 1980 employment level. The year 2000 was a breakthrough for “Jarlan”, which resulted from the difficulties that the “Próchnik” holding, to which the Factory belonged, was going through. The number of finished articles dropped significantly and the sales profits were the lowest in the company’s entire history – 11 million of estimated losses. Measures were undertaken to regain “Jarlan’s” financial fluency and its position on the market through winning new customers, especially abroad. As soon as 2002, the profits amounted to 1mln. Presently, the Knitting Factory “Jarlan” is an international company, selling their turtlenecks, round-neck sweaters, vests, cardigans and tunics mainly to England, Spain, Germany and France. Due to high quality products and varied sets of patterns and colours, the company is extremely competitive, which has been recognized by Polish customers as well.
Organic Geochemistry and Thermal Maturity Assessment of Cretaceous Balambo Formation from Selected Sites, Kurdistan, NE Iraq
Authors: Sarraj Razawa Hamarashid A. , Mohialdeen Ibrahim Mohammed J. 
Published: February 2021

The Cretaceous Balambo Formation from three sections in Kurdistan Region of Northern Iraq was studied. The selected sections are located in the Zagros Fold -Thrust Belt. Eleven rock samples were analyzed by means of the organic geochemical method, Bitumen extraction method, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to determine the bitumen and hydrocarbon content, kerogen types, origin of organic matter, thermal maturity level, and depositional environment. The analyzed samples are considered to have an excellent potential in Baranan-1.G1 and Sazan sections, with poor to fair potential in Baraw section. The Baranan-1.G1 source rocks are of type II kerogen (oil prone), whereas Sazan and Baraw samples are of type II/III (oil/ gas prone). Detailed distribution analysis of biomarkers such as normal alkane, isoprenoids, sterane and terpane was performed on saturated hydrocarbons. The mode of n-alkanes and isoprenoids distribution in all analyzed samples is similar, with a unimodal distribution that indicates non-biodegraded hydrocarbons, with the same range of alkane compounds between C13-C34 alkanes. The results of n-C17, pristane, n-C18 and phytane, and regular steranes show that the source rocks of Balambo Formation in Baranan-1.G1 are mainly rich with algal marine organic matter deposited under a reducing environment, while Baraw and Sazan sections are composed of mixed marine organic matter that refers to terrestrial land plants input deposited under reducing anoxic/dysoxic environments. Thermal maturation appraisal is deduced from Pristane/n-C17 versus Phytane/n-C18 diagram, Carbon Preference Index (CPI), C29 Î²Î²/ (Î²Î²+Î±Î±), C29 20S/ (20S +20R), C32 22S/ (22S+22R), and Ts/ (Ts+Tm). All these parameters indicate that the analyzed samples are mature and have entered the oil window (early to peak oil window). Biomarker ratios of C22/C21, C24/C23 and C26/C25, C31R/C30H show that the Balambo Formation is composed mostly of carbonates with less shale beds.
The Use of Seismic Reflection Data Inversion Technique to Evaluate the Petro- Physical Properties of Nahr Umr Formation at Kumait and Dujaila Oil Fields â€“ Southern Iraq
Authors: Nassir Nowfal A. , AL- Banna Ahmed S. , Al-Sharaa Ghazi H. 
Published: February 2021

The estimation of rock petrophysical parameters is an essential matter to characterize any reservoir. This research deals with the evaluation of effective porosity (Pe), shale volume (Vsh) and water saturation (Sw) of reservoirs at Kumait and Dujalia fields, which were analyzed from well log and seismic data. The absolute acoustic impedance (AI) and relative acoustic impedance (RAI) were derived from a model which is based on the inversion of seismic 3-D post-stack data. NahrUmr formationâ€™s sand reservoirs are identified by the RAI section of the study area. Nahr Umr sand-2 unit in Kumait field is the main reservoir; its delineation depends on the available well logs and AI sections information. The results of well logging interpretation showed a decrease of Sw and Vsh and an increase of effective porosity in the oil reservoir area, which coincides with the decrease of AI values. The existence of the water reservoir in Du-2 well revealed a convergence of the results of AI and effective porosity with those of Kumait wells , along with and some differential results of Sw and Vsh values that may be related to changes in lithology and fluid density.
Ameliorative effects of high-protein diet on hepatotoxic alterations in Swiss albino mice exposed to mobile phone radiation
Authors: Bhattacharya Debajyoti , Biswas Prerona , Gangopadhyay Somnath , Bhakta Mausumi Sikdar 
Published: February 2021

Objectives:
Nowadays, mobile phones have become a prime necessity. At present, various advance networking connections such as 3G and 4G are available in the market to get a faster service. However, these mobile phones emit harmful electromagnetic radiations which have various ill effects on different physiological systems. The present study has been done to find out the extent of damage caused by mobile phone radiation on liver cells, and, whether high-protein diet (HPD) has any ameliorative effect on such changes.

Materials and Methods:
Male Swiss Albino mice were divided into four groups. Two groups of animals were exposed to mobile phone radiation at global system for mobile communications like frequencies at 1.8 GHz for 3 h continuously per day for 90 days. One of these radiation exposed groups received a normal diet (containing 5% casein) and the other exposed group received a HPD (supplemented with 20% casein). The control group animals received only a normal diet, while the animals of the remaining group received only a HPD. The serum biochemical and histological parameters of liver tissues and ladder assay of hepatic DNA were studied.

Results:
A significantly elevated level (P < 0.05) of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, bilirubin and serum caspase-3 levels was observed in the group of animals exposed to electromagnetic radiation emitted from mobile phone. Histological changes were also observed in the experimental groups. Moreover, in genomic DNA ladder assay, fragmented DNA was observed in exposed group, which is a probable sign of cell apoptosis. Recovery symptoms were observed in the animals supplemented with high casein diet.

Conclusion:
From the present study, it may be concluded that electromagnetic radiation emitted from mobile phones has damaging effects on hepatocytes which may be ameliorated by HPD.
Desiring the restructuring of physiology laboratories for digital way of teaching: Perceptions of medical teachers in India
Authors: Taranikanti Madhuri , Mudunuru Aswin Kumar , Yerra Aruna Kumari , Srinivas M. , Guntuka Rohith Kumar , Dronamraju Akhila , Taranikanti Sai Shriya 
Published: February 2021

Objectives:
The medical college curriculum in India has not seen a change for the past several years. An initiative has been taken by the Medical Council of India (MCI) in the Graduate Medical Regulation 2018 to bring a uniform change in teaching-learning methods. This change is necessary in all fields of medical education. Restructuring the physiology laboratories to teach practical procedures using digital computerised equipment and techniques could bring about deeper learning. The past several years have made physiology merely imaginative rather than experiential.

Materials and Methods:
A qualitative study was done using a questionnaire to obtain the perceptions of medical teachers of both genders engaged in teaching medical physiology. Desires and opinions of physiology teachers in changing the way physiology is taught were obtained.

Results:
Medical teachers felt that a change is necessary to provide better learning experience. More than 80% opined that computerised equipment provide better practical experience with wider understanding of the concepts which students can relate to theoretical concepts. About 85% of teachers supported the move to suggest to MCI on restructuring the laboratories with computerised equipment. More importantly, many teachers expressed that the digital laboratories would make learning very interesting, autonomous and self-directed. The study is not just a platform for opinions but is intended to prompt reflection and bring clarity to the regulatory bodies showing a way forward to change the laboratory setup urgently.

Conclusion:
Most of the medical teachers in India are finding it appropriate to employ digital ways in teaching Physiology to have better learning outcomes.
Comparison of autonomic function tests and high-sensitivity C-reactivity protein in overweight patients of polycystic ovarian syndrome and overweight controls
Authors: Pattnaik Sanghamitra , Gupta Supriya , Saxena Upma , Matlani Monika , Kapoor Raj 
Published: February 2021

Objectives:
Both polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and high body mass index (BMI) are associated with autonomic dysfunction. Most of the patients of PCOS have high BMI. Hence, BMI is likely to be a factor contributing to the autonomic dysfunction in PCOS. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is a marker of inflammation and a predictor of future cardiovascular risk. PCOS patients have low-grade chronic inflammatory state. Coexistence of PCOS and obesity causes more increase in CRP, thereby further increasing the risk of cardiovascular morbidity. We have performed autonomic function tests and estimated hs-CRP in overweight patients of PCOS and compared our findings with the control group consisting of overweight normal subjects. Our aim is to find out whether the cardioautonomic and inflammatory changes seen in PCOS are due to the presence of increased weight or do the presence of increased weight add to the severity of these changes seen in PCOS.

Materials and Methods:
Cases consisted of 44 overweight patients of PCOS and controls included 44 healthy overweight subjects, all in the age group of 18–45 years. Autonomic function test consisted of three sympathetic and three parasympathetic reactivity tests. The following tests were done for parasympathetic reactivity: (a) Deep breathing test – expiration:inspiration ratio (E:I) was calculated. (b) Valsalva maneuver-Valsalva ratio was calculated. (c) Heart rate changes from lying to standing (LST) - 30:15 ratio was calculated. For assessing sympathetic reactivity, the following tests were used: (a) Isometric handgrip test – the difference between resting diastolic blood pressure (DBP) reading and the reading before release of hand grip is noted. (b) Cold pressor test (CPT) – The rise in DBP over the baseline DBP was noted. (c) Systolic BP (SBP) change in LST – the maximum fall in SBP was recorded. Measurement of serum hs-CRP was done using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results:
We found that in the overweight PCOS group, there was a significant decrease in both sympathetic and parasympathetic reactivity than the overweight control group (p=0.000 for Valsalva ratio, 0.027 for 30:15 ratio, and 0.0005 for CPT). The difference between hs-CRP in controls and PCOS was also significant (P = 0.039).

Conclusion:
In our study, we concluded that the pathological changes due to PCOS could be attributed directly to the extent of inflammation measured by hs-CRP levels. These changes were not directly related to BMI as proven by comparing with controls (overweight non-PCOS subjects).
Nerve conduction velocities in radiologic technologists: A pilot study
Authors: Singhal Shefali , Jain Gaurav , Arya Prachi , Verma Virandra , Rajput Ajit Singh 
Published: February 2021

Objectives:
Radiologic technologists (RTs) are typically exposed to low doses of radiations for longer periods, which have a health risk over many organs and tissues. Resistant tissues like nerves have shown neuropathic changes due to acute high-dose radiation exposure in the form of radiation therapy but the effect of low-dose chronic radiation exposure over peripheral nerves in RTs has been studied scantily.

Materials and Methods:
Nerve conduction parameters were recorded from 30 RTs and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals who were not exposed to radiation. Motor nerve conduction study (NCS) of bilateral median, ulnar, radial, common peroneal and tibial nerves and sensory NCS of bilateral median, ulnar and radial nerves were recorded and compared.

Results:
Significant changes were observed in the form of reduction in motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity (P < 0.05) in all the examined nerves. Sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) amplitudes were reduced and latencies were prolonged significantly (P < 0.05) in all the examined sensory nerves. We also found reduced compound muscle action potential amplitude (significant in ulnar, radial, common peroneal and tibial nerves) along with prolonged motor distal latencies (significant in median, ulnar and tibial nerves) among RTs compared to healthy individuals.

Conclusion:
Chronic low-dose exposure of ionising radiation causes sub-clinical neuropathies affecting both sensory and motor nerves.
Textes posthumes IV : Sur la théorie de l’objet : Natorp versus Husserl
Authors: Brisart Robert 
Published: March 2021

Partant de la critique natorpienne de Husserl, l’auteur explique en quel sens les Recherches logiques ont amorcé un démantèlement du « mythe de l’objet ou du donné », que Husserl cependant, en raison de son correspon­dantisme, n’a pas su mener à son terme avant la Krisis, où, se rapprochant étonnamment des idées de Natorp, il finit par reconnaître que « l’objectivité à laquelle prétendent les prestations de la science continuent de porter la marque du “subjectif-relatif”, puisque toutes les productions scientifiques se rat­tachent ultimement à l’activité concrète de l’homme dans son monde ».
Textes posthumes VI : Leçon sur Sartre et Husserl
Authors: Brisart Robert 
Published: March 2021

Issu d’une audition faite à Liège en mai 2009, ce texte analyse le texte de Sartre, « Une idée fondamentale de la phéno­ménologie de Husserl : l’intentionnalité ». D’abord, Brisart y approuve l’interprétation de Sartre sui­vant laquelle l’intentionnalité de Husserl marque, à l’encontre d’un certain mythe de l’intériorité, une profession de foi réaliste « dans sa version externaliste la plus forte ». Ensuite, il dénonce chez l’un et l’autre un mythe plus profond, constitutif du réalisme philosophique, qu’il dénomme le mythe de l’objet.
Merleau-Ponty, Foucault et l’autonomie de la conscience
Authors: Cormick Claudio 
Published: March 2021

Nous essayerons dans ce travail d’analyser le problème du caractère conditionné ou autonome du sujet de la connaissance, en prenant comme point de départ la mise en rapport proposée par Philippe Sabot, dans un article récent, entre les thèses de Michel Foucault dans Les mots et les choses et celles de Maurice Merleau-Ponty dans son cours Les sciences de l’homme et la phénoménologie. D’abord (section 1) nous reconstruirons brièvement la lecture de Sabot, selon laquelle les deux philosophes auraient accordé sur un même « diagnostic » initial sur la dualité empirico-transcen­dantale de la condition humaine, malgré les différences de leurs solutions au dilemme. Ensuite (section 2), nous rappellerons que la « dualité » des vues sur l’homme consiste, pour le phénoménologue, en la tension entre une approche à la conscience comme « autonome » ou comme « conditionnée » par son milieu, et essaierons une reconstruction de l’argument selon lequel une telle dualité ne peut pas être simplement dépassée par le biais d’une acceptation unilatérale de la deuxième thèse. Le pas suivant (section 3) sera d’analyser si c’est bien d’une telle contradiction qu’il s’agit lorsque Foucault se réfère au rapport entre l’ « empirique » et le « transcendantal » — une lecture qui a été défendue non seulement par Sabot mais aussi par d’autres lecteurs de Foucault comme Jürgen Habermas. Au contraire, nous allons argumenter que — précisément parce que Foucault parle d’une « répétition » de l’empirique au niveau du transcendantal, d’une « valeur » transcendantale donnée aux contenus empiriques — il n’y a chez l’ « archéologue » aucune adhésion à la thèse que la dualité entre ces deux vues sur la conscience concernerait la di­chotomie autonomie-conditionnement. Par ailleurs (section 4), l’archéologue n’a pas même besoin d’aborder un « dilemme » comme celui qui existe pour Merleau-Ponty, parce que, comme il le déclare dans plusieurs textes, le caractère historiquement et socialement conditionné de la conscience n’empêche pas la capacité de celle-ci à distinguer le vrai du faux.
De l’autre côté du miroir de l’imagination : Imagination et imagerie mentale
Authors: Arcangeli Margherita 
Published: March 2021

L’imagination est un sujet très débattu au sein de la philosophie contemporaine. Une question spécifique concerne le périmètre de l’imagination et s’attache à étudier quels phénomènes mentaux nous pouvons légitimement considérer comme imaginatifs. Selon une idée répandue, l’imagerie mentale est une figure de l’imagination qui présente des similarités avec la perception — ce qui a été appelé « imagination sensorielle ». Dans cette contribution, nous remettons en cause cette idée, plus tenue pour acquise qu’analysée. À travers une discussion des thèses défendues par Alan White, l’un des rares auteurs qui soutiennent que l’imagerie mentale n’est pas imaginative, nous montrerons qu’il convient de distinguer deux sens de la notion de l’« imagerie mentale ». Si selon un premier sens, l’imagerie mentale peut être assimilée à l’imagination sensorielle, il faut faire remarquer que selon le second sens, l’imagerie mentale ne constitue pas un phénomène spécifiquement imaginatif. Nous montrerons en outre comment le fait de négliger la distinction entre les deux sens embrouille les discussions sur l’imagination, quand l’imagerie mentale est invoquée. Notre hypothèse est que cette distinction est la clé d’une meilleure compréhension du domaine de l’imagination.