bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Destination‐to‐origin differences and settlement intentions of Chinese internal migrants: A birth cohort analysis
Authors: Wang Jiejing , Zhang Yanji 
Published: December 2021

AbstractResearch on Chinese internal migrants has gradually shifted from a focus on the rapid expansion of this population to its relationship with the restructuring of spatial distribution in cities. The settlement intentions of migrants are key to how China's urbanisation and the urban system will evolve. Yet, although there is a considerable body of research on this subject, the determinants of migrants' settlement intentions remain debatable. In this study, in light of the dramatic economic and social transition undergone by China in the past 70 years, we demonstrate the importance of considering the cohort perspective in relation to Chinese migrants' settlement intentions. Specifically, we examine the effects of differences between migrants' origins and their destinations on settlement intentions in relation to year of birth. Our results show that destination‐to‐origin differences in terms of population size, administrative level, economic condition, and public services are positively associated with migrants’ settlement intentions, whereas geographic distance and cultural distance between origin and destination are negatively related to the intention to settle in destination cities. Further, these effects vary significantly across birth cohorts. Our findings demonstrate the importance of going beyond the standard dichotomy between old and new generation that is often used in the analysis of migration trends. To achieve more inclusive urbanisation in the future, targeted policies that take into account inter‐city and inter‐cohort variations are critical to addressing obstacles to the settlement of migrants in destination cities.
Systematic investigation of the adsorption and inhibition properties of a new clickable 1,2,3‐triazole compound for mild steel in 1 M HCl medium
Authors: Hrimla Meryem , Achour Youness , Bahsis Lahoucine , Laamari My Rachid , Anane Hafid , Julve Miguel , Stiriba Salah‐Eddine 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe search for eco‐friendly and effective corrosion inhibitors for the acidizing processes is increasingly required. In the present study, a new 1,2,3‐triazole derivative, namely, 4‐(1‐naphthalen‐2‐ylmethyl‐1H‐[1,2,3]triazol‐4‐ylmethyl)‐morpholine (NTM), has been clicked under green click synthesis conditions and fully characterized. The inhibition performance on corroded mild steel (MS) was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and weight loss measurements. The electrochemical results indicate that NTM works as a mixed‐type inhibitor and its adsorption on the MS surface obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The corrosion process was found to be reduced at 10−3 M concentration with 94 % efficiency. An immersion time of 57.56 min using a concentration of NTM equal to 5.2×10−4 M at 298 K was selected as optimal inhibition process conditions through the Central Composite Design (CCD). These conditions were conducted to the desirability of 1.00 and 88.8 % as the expected inhibition. NTM species was adsorbed on the MS surface by physical and chemical interactions. Quantum chemical calculations performed at the DFT/6‐31G(d,p) and DFTB+ levels were used to examine the adsorption of neutral NTM and its protonated form on the MS surface, including the active centers of both species. The mode of orientations of neutral and protonated NTM on the MS surface and the corresponding adsorption energies in both gas and aqueous phases were explored by molecular simulation dynamics.
A Smart Lithium Battery with Shape Memory Function
Authors: Jabbari Vahid , Yurkiv Vitaliy , Rasul Md Golam , Cheng Meng , Griffin Philip , Mashayek Farzad , Shahbazian‐Yassar Reza 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRapidly growing flexible and wearable electronics highly demand the development of flexible energy storage devices. Yet, these devices are susceptible to extreme, repeated mechanical deformations under working circumstances. Herein, the design and fabrication of a smart, flexible Li‐ion battery with shape memory function, which has the ability to restore its shape against severe mechanical deformations, bending, twisting, rolling or elongation, is reported. The shape memory function is induced by the integration of a shape‐adjustable solid polymer electrolyte. This Li‐ion battery delivers a specific discharge capacity of ≈140 mAh g‐1 at 0.2 C charge/discharge rate with ≈92% capacity retention after 100 cycles and ≈99.85% Coulombic efficiency, at 20 °C. Besides recovery from mechanical deformations, it is visually demonstrated that the shape of this smart battery can be programmed to adjust itself in response to an internal/external heat stimulus for task‐specific and advanced applications. Considering the vast range of available shape memory polymers with tunable chemistry, physical, and mechanical characteristics, this study offers a promising approach for engineering smart batteries responsive to unfavorable internal or external stimulus, with potential to have a broad impact on other energy storage technologies in different sizes and shapes.
Recent Advances in Metal–Gas Batteries with Carbon‐Based Nonprecious Metal Catalysts
Authors: Liu Haoran , Shi Shuangrui , Wang Zhenhua , Han Yunhu , Huang Wei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMetal–gas batteries draw a lot of attention due to their superiorities in high energy density and stable performance. However, the sluggish electrochemical reactions and associated side reactions in metal–gas batteries require suitable catalysts, which possess high catalytic activity and selectivity. Although precious metal catalysts show a higher catalytic activity, high cost of the precious metal catalysts hinders their commercial applications. In contrast, nonprecious metal catalysts complement the weakness of cost, and the gap in activity can be made up by increasing the amount of the nonprecious metal active centers. Herein, recent work on carbon‐based nonprecious metal catalysts for metal–gas batteries is summarized. This review starts with introducing the advantages of carbon‐based nonprecious metal catalysts, followed by a discussion of the synthetic strategy of carbon‐based nonprecious metal catalysts and classification of active sites, and finally a summary of present metal–gas batteries with the carbon‐based nonprecious metal catalysts is presented. The challenges and opportunities for carbon‐based nonprecious metal catalysts in metal–gas batteries are also explored.
Electronic Structure Regulation of Iron Phthalocyanine Induced by Anchoring on Heteroatom‐Doping Carbon Sphere for Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction and Al–Air Battery
Authors: Luo Yingjian , Chen Yihan , Xue Yali , Chen Jinwei , Wang Gang , Wang Ruilin , Yu Miao , Zhang Jie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAluminum–air batteries (AABs) are deemed as a potential clean energy storage device. However, exploiting high‐efficiency and stable oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts in AABs is still a challenge. Iron phthalocyanine (FePc) shows a great prospect in ORR but still far from Pt‐based catalysts. Here, the hybrid electrocatalysts of monolayer FePc and hollow N,S‐doped carbon spheres (HNSCs) are innovatively constructed through π–π stacking to achieve high dispersion. The resulting FePc@HNSC catalyst exhibits an outstanding ORR activity, outperforming that of pristine FePc and even most Fe‐based catalysts reported to date. Moreover, the AAB using FePc@HNSC catalyst not only demonstrates a superior power density than the battery with Pt/C, but also displays stable discharge voltages and excellent durability. Furthermore, the theoretical calculations confirm that the charge distribution and d‐band center of the Fe atom in FePc are efficiently optimized by hybrid configuration via the introduction of N,S‐doped carbon substrate. The design leads to an enriched electron density around Fe active sites and significant reduction of energy barrier for OH* formation, which are favorable for the improvement of electrocatalytic ORR performance. This work provides a chance to expand the application of metallic macrocyclic compound electrocatalysts in various energy technologies.
Fast In‐Situ Optical Visualization of Carbon Nanotubes Assisted by Smoke
Authors: Li Run , Jiang Qinyuan , Wang Fei , Shi Xiaofei , Chen Fengxiang , Huang Ya , Wang Baoshun , Zhang Wenshuo , Wu Xueke , Wei Fei , Zhang Rufan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe fast visualization and manipulation of individual carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has always been a significant technology for their fundamental research. Here, a fast and facile approach is proposed to realize the optical observation of individual suspended CNTs and CNT networks under conventional optical microscopes with the assistance of tar nanodroplets from smoke. The nanodroplets deposited on CNTs render them with strong light scattering to visible light, thus making the CNTs visible under optical microscopes. This visualization method is controllable, environmentally friendly, low‐cost, and can be completed in just a few seconds in ambient conditions. Besides, the tar nanodroplets can be easily removed from the CNTs by laser irradiation. More importantly, the smoke sources are widely available and there are no strict requirements for operating conditions. This smoke‐assisted visualization method shows great potential in the fundamental research of CNTs.
Calculating the ‘Price’ of Infrastructure Reliability in Finland
Authors: Silvast Antti , Foulds Chris 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis final empirical chapter demonstrates how our Science and Technology Studies–inspired line of enquiry is also of use for considering the processes underlying and subsequent outcomes of large energy research projects, which have more conventional, monodisciplinary ambitions, and methodological tools, in comparison to the intentionally interdisciplinary projects discussed in Chaps. 10.1007/978-3-030-88455-0_2 and 10.1007/978-3-030-88455-0_3. Specifically, in this chapter, we explore a Finnish research project that aimed to study how much reliable electricity supply is ‘worth’ to the energy end-users, by assigning this reliability a financial price. Through discussing the experiences and outcomes of this project, we make clear how this reliability ‘price’ was translated and moved between survey studies, statistical modelling, and the needs of the energy industries and market regulatory profession. We conclude with direct discussion of how this chapter connects to the wider, interdisciplinary issues pertinent to this book, including boundary objects, the impacts of funding, epistemic cultures, and the importance of disciplines, and the implications of these for improving the understanding of technical and economic research projects that sit between vital public problems.
Stimulating Our Brains and Transforming Our Selves
Authors: Ng Yew-Kwang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe stimulation of the pleasure centres in our brain by electricity or other means induces intense pleasures. Despite its discovery for nearly seven decades, this method has not been widely used and discussed. Relatively small investment in perfecting this technique would give us a device for achieving easy and ‘supra-maximal’ pleasure that would obliviate pain, depression, and replace harmful drugs. With adequate safeguards, we could also use genetic engineering to transform ourselves and make us much more capable of happiness, surpassing the ‘supra-maximal’ pleasure of brain stimulation.
Implications for Public Policy
Authors: Ng Yew-Kwang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe failure of higher private consumption to increase happiness significantly due to environmental disruption, relative competition, adaptation, our materialistic bias, etc. are relevant for public policy, especially in making higher public spending in the right areas like environmental protection, research, poverty elimination, etc. more welfare-improving than a ‘big society, small government’. Some soft paternalistic measures such as nudging people to save adequately for old age may also be needed in the widespread presence of imperfect rationality and foresight.
A Case for Higher Public Spending
Authors: Ng Yew-Kwang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStudies by psychologists, sociologists, and economists indicate that increases in incomes beyond a moderate level are not related to happiness nor significantly with the objective quality-of-life indicators (which increase with scientific and technological breakthroughs at the global level). Yet everyone wants more money. This may be explained by environmental disruption, relative-income effects, inadequate recognition of adaptation effects, and the materialistic bias due to our accumulation instinct and advertising. These factors cause a bias towards private consumption, making public spending, especially on research and environmental protection (with their long-term and global public-good nature) well below optimal. This is made worse by economists’ emphasis on the excess burden of taxation, ignoring the negative excess burden on the spending side. As Kaplow argues, if taxes are raised in accordance to the benefits of the funded public goods at the respective income levels, no disincentive effects are involved.
Happiness Measurability and Interpersonal Comparability
Authors: Ng Yew-Kwang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSimple ways to improve the accuracy and interpersonal and intertemporal comparability of happiness measurement include using happiness instead of life satisfaction (or other concepts), pinning down the dividing line of the zero amount of net happiness, using an interpersonally valid unit based on the just perceivable increment of happiness, and the complementary use of this method for small samples and the traditional methods for large samples.
Environmentally Responsible Happy Nation Index: A Proposed National Success Indicator
Authors: Ng Yew-Kwang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe average happy life years HLY (of a country) is the product of the average happiness (or life satisfaction) index and the life expectancy index. Adjusting HLY to get rid of the misleading parts with negative happiness to obtain the adjusted or net HLY; deducting again the per-capita environmental costs imposed on others, we obtain the ‘environmentally responsible happy nation index’ as an internationally acceptable national success indicator that accounts positively for long and happy lives but negatively at the external costs of environmental disruption imposed on others and in the future. Hopefully, this ‘environmentally responsible happy nation index’ will lead to some re-orientation of both the market and national governments towards something more fundamentally valuable.
Age and Happiness
Authors: Ng Yew-Kwang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractContrary to the common belief that the age-happiness relationship is mountain shape (the middle aged being happier than children and the aged), it is really largely U shape, with the middle aged (at around mid 30’s or 40’s) least happy. The increase from around 60 to 70’s is particularly clear. However, happiness becomes lower over the last few years of illness before passing away. The decline in happiness from around 12 years old and the trough in happiness level around middle ages may partly be explained by the delay in sleep–wake cycles of teenagers, causing conflict with their mostly middle-aged parents. Recognizing the evolutionary ultimate explanation for this delay advanced here, the society should delay start hours for high schools to fit in with the delayed biological clock of teenagers.
Schlangenbiss der Hakennasennatter (Heterodon nasicus)
Authors: Nikfarjam Ulrike , Grabbe Stephan , Butsch Florian 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungEs gibt bisher wenige beschriebene Fälle von Bissen durch die Hakennasennatter (Heterodon nasicus), die meist zu einer Lokalreaktion führten. Wir berichten über eine ausgeprägte Lokalreaktion nach dem Biss einer als Haustier gehaltenen Hakennasennatter (Heterodon nasicus). Eine antiseptische Lokaltherapie und Antibiose zur Infektionsprophylaxe sind zu empfehlen, ebenfalls Laborkontrollen zum Ausschluss einer systemischen Beteiligung. An die Überprüfung des Tetanusschutzes sollte gedacht werden.
Phosphatidylserine eversion regulated by phospholipid scramblase activated by TGF-β1/Smad signaling in the early stage of kidney stone formation
Authors: Gan Xiu Guo , Xu Hai Tao , Wang Zhi Hao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe mechanism underlying phosphatidylserine eversion in renal tubule cells following calcium oxalate-mediated damage remains unclear; therefore, we investigated the effects of TGF-β1/Smad signaling on phosphatidylserine eversion in the renal tubule cell membrane during the early stage of kidney stone development. In a rat model of early stage of calcium oxalate stone formation, phosphatidylserine eversion on the renal tubular cell membrane was detected by flow cytometry, and the expression of TGF-β1 (transforming growth factor-β1), Smad7, and phospholipid scramblase in the renal tubular cell membrane was measured by western blotting. We observed that the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway increased phosphatidylserine eversion at the organism level. The results of in vitro studies demonstrated that oxalate exposure to renal tubule cells induced TGF-β1 expression, increasing phospholipid scramblase activity and phosphatidylserine eversion in the renal tubule cell membrane. These results indicate that TGF-β1 stimulates phosphatidylserine eversion by increasing the phospholipid scramblase activity in the renal tubule cell membrane during the early stage of kidney stone development. The results of this study form a basis for further detailed research on the development of therapeutic agents that specifically treat urolithiasis and exert fewer adverse effects.
Oligodendroglia heterogeneity in the human central nervous system
Authors: Seeker Luise A. , Williams Anna 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIt is the centenary of the discovery of oligodendrocytes and we are increasingly aware of their importance in the functioning of the brain in development, adult learning, normal ageing and in disease across the life course, even in those diseases classically thought of as neuronal. This has sparked more interest in oligodendroglia for potential therapeutics for many neurodegenerative/neurodevelopmental diseases due to their more tractable nature as a renewable cell in the central nervous system. However, oligodendroglia are not all the same. Even from the first description, differences in morphology were described between the cells. With advancing techniques to describe these differences in human tissue, the complexity of oligodendroglia is being discovered, indicating apparent functional differences which may be of critical importance in determining vulnerability and response to disease, and targeting of potential therapeutics. It is timely to review the progress we have made in discovering and understanding oligodendroglial heterogeneity in health and neuropathology.
Der Einsatz von Virtueller Realität in der Psychotherapeutischen Praxis: Aktueller Forschungsstand, Chancen, Risiken und Herausforderungen
Authors: Machulska Alla , Roesmann Kati , Eiler Tanja Joan , Grünewald Armin , Brück Rainer , Klucken Tim 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungIn den letzten Jahren sind durch die Fortschritte der Digitalisierung neue psychotherapeutische Behandlungsmöglichkeiten und Unterstützungsangebote entstanden. Während sich bestimmte Innovationen wie die Videotherapie im letzten Jahr stark verbreitet haben, sind andere Formate wie z. B. Psychotherapieanwendungen in der Virtuellen Realität (VR) zwar sehr gut wissenschaftlich untersucht, aber dennoch kaum in die (tägliche) Praxis implementiert worden.Der folgende Artikel gibt einen Überblick über den aktuellen Forschungsstand zum Einsatz von VR im Kontext Psychotherapie. Hierbei wird auf zwei wichtige (kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutische) Interventionsmethoden fokussiert, bei denen VR oft eingesetzt und untersucht wurde: (1) Behaviorale Exposition bei Angsterkrankungen und (2) Modifikation von Informationsverarbeitungsprozessen (Cognitive Bias Modification, CBM). Es werden aktuelle Studien zur Wirksamkeit sowie weitere aktuelle Ergebnisse zur Nutzung und dem Einsatz diskutiert. Weiterhin beschreibt der Artikel die grundsätzliche Nutzung der Virtuellen Realität und definiert wichtige Begriffe und Anwendungen.
Transfers from the Earth to $$L_2$$ Halo orbits in the Earth–Moon bicircular problem
Authors: Rosales José J. , Jorba Àngel , Jorba-Cuscó Marc 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper deals with direct transfers from the Earth to Halo orbits related to the translunar point. The gravitational influence of the Sun as a fourth body is taken under consideration by means of the Bicircular Problem (BCP), which is a periodic time dependent perturbation of the Restricted Three Body Problem (RTBP) that includes the direct effect of the Sun on the spacecraft. In this model, the Halo family is quasi-periodic. Here we show how the effect of the Sun bends the stable manifolds of the quasi-periodic Halo orbits in a way that allows for direct transfers.
Magnetic properties of iron oxide nanoparticles with a DMSA-modified surface
Authors: Winiarczyk K. , Gac W. , Góral-Kowalczyk M. , Surowiec Z. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe magnetic properties of magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) strongly depend on their chemical and physical parameters, which can be regulated by a controlled synthesis process. To improve the quality of the obtained nanoparticles, their surface is often modified with organic compounds (from the group of surfactants, sugars, proteins, or organic acid). In this study, we synthesized magnetite nanoparticles with a surface modified with the organic compound DMSA. Then, the nanocrystallites were characterized in terms of structure and morphology. To investigate the role of DMSA and to understand the adsorption mechanism, FTIR measurements were carried out. Using Mössbauer spectroscopy, we investigated temperature-induced changes in the magnetic properties of prepared samples. The spectra were recorded in a wide temperature range (from 4 K to 390 K) for two types of samples: powders and ferrofluids with various concentrations. In the case of powder samples, the superparamagnetic doublet appeared at room temperature. For magnetic suspensions, the spectra were more complicated. They consisted of superposition of asymmetrically broadened sextets and doublets, which was caused by the occurrence of long-range dipole-dipole interactions. These interactions affected the magnetic properties of the material and increased the blocking temperature. Additionally, the magnetic hysteresis and zero field cooling-field cooling (ZFC/FC) curves were measured with the use of a vibrating sample magnetometer.