bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Confinement and intimate partner violence†
Authors: Gibbons M. Amelia , Murphy Tommy E. , Rossi Martín A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe effect of confinement on intimate partner violence is hard to assess, partly because of usual endogeneity problems, but also because the often‐used report calls poorly measure that violence. We exploit self‐reported survey data from Argentina to study the extent to which the coronavirus pandemic quarantine had unintended consequences on intimate partner violence. The quarantine decree established clear exceptions for heterogeneous subsets of the population and, for reasons plausibly exogenous to the prevalence of intimate partner violence, only some individuals were forced to spend more time with their partners. Using this variability in exposure we find that the lockdown led to an increase between 12% and 35% in intimate partner violence, depending type of violence (emotional, physical or sexual). Given the Argentinian government imposed the full national lockdown when few people felt threatened by the virus, these effects are likely to have been triggered by the actual confinement.
The impact of invertebrate decomposers on plants and soil
Authors: Griffiths Hannah M. , Ashton Louise A. , Parr Catherine L. , Eggleton Paul 
Published: June 2021

SummarySoil invertebrates make significant contributions to the recycling of dead plant material across the globe. However, studies focussed on the consequences of decomposition for plant communities largely ignore soil fauna across all ecosystems, because microbes are often considered the primary agents of decay. Here, we explore the role of invertebrates as not simply facilitators of microbial decomposition, but as true decomposers, able to break down dead organic matter with their own endogenic enzymes, with direct and indirect impacts on the soil environment and plants. We recommend a holistic view of decomposition, highlighting how invertebrates and microbes act in synergy to degrade organic matter, providing ecological services that underpin plant growth and survival.
Effectiveness of interventions to maintain physical activity behavior (device‐measured): Systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Madigan Claire D. , Fong Mackenzie , Howick Jeremy , Kettle Victoria , Rouse Peter , Hamilton Louisa , Roberts Nia , Gomersall Sjaan R. , Daley Amanda J. 
Published: June 2021

SummaryPhysical activity has many physical, mental, and social health benefits. Interventions can be successful at helping people initiate participation, but there is a lack of evidence about the ability of these interventions to help adults maintain their physical activity. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aims to address this evidence gap. We investigated the extent to which successful physical activity interventions with demonstrated success within randomized controlled trials result in maintenance of device‐measured physical activity (at least 3 months post‐intervention end). Five databases were searched, and 8919 titles and abstracts were screened for eligibility, and 29 trials met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 22 were included in the meta‐analysis. We found that 60% to 80% of physical activity behavior was maintained, as equivalent to an additional 45 min/week of moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity and 945 steps per day compared with comparators. We also examined trials that randomized participants to maintenance interventions after an initial physical activity intervention (n = 7) and we found small effects (standardized mean difference 0.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.1 to 0.27). The evidence suggests that most (60%–80%) of the increases in physical activity in successful programs are maintained for at least 3 months and there are small effects from providing a maintenance intervention to the public. Registration: CRD42019144585.
Long‐term abscisic acid promotes golden2‐like1 degradation through constitutive photomorphogenic 1 in a light intensity‐dependent manner to suppress chloroplast development
Authors: Lee Juhun , Choi Bongsoo , Yun Areum , Son Namil , Ahn Gyeongik , Cha Joon‐Yung , Kim Woe‐Yeon , Hwang Inhwan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAbiotic stress, a serious threat to plants, occurs for extended periods in nature. Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a critical role in abiotic stress responses in plants. Therefore, stress responses mediated by ABA have been studied extensively, especially in short‐term responses. However, long‐term stress responses mediated by ABA remain largely unknown. To elucidate the mechanism by which plants respond to prolonged abiotic stress, we used long‐term ABA treatment that activates the signalling against abiotic stress such as dehydration and investigated mechanisms underlying the responses. Long‐term ABA treatment activates constitutive photomorphogenic 1 (COP1). Active COP1 mediates the ubiquitination of golden2‐like1 (GLK1) for degradation, contributing to lowering expression of photosynthesis‐associated genes such as glutamyl‐tRNA reductase (HEMA1) and protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase A (PORA), resulting in the suppression of chloroplast development. Moreover, COP1 activation and GLK1 degradation upon long‐term ABA treatment depend on light intensity. Additionally, plants with COP1 mutation or exposed to higher light intensity were more sensitive to salt stress. Collectively, our results demonstrate that long‐term treatment of ABA leads to activation of COP1 in a light intensity‐dependent manner for GLK1 degradation to suppress chloroplast development, which we propose to constitute a mechanism of balancing normal growth and stress responses upon the long‐term abiotic stress.
Peace and tourism: Bridging the gap through justice
Authors: Farmaki Anna , Stergiou Dimitrios 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe inclusion of peace as a Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 16) in the United Nations’ Agenda 2030 underscores the interrelationships between peace, economic development, durable security, and promoting human rights. Within this context, tourism has been heralded by scholars and practitioners as a means to alleviate negative prejudice and improve human relations. Yet the existing research on tourism as peacebuilding shows little supportive evidence of tourism’s contributory role to peace, and instead forwards numerous claims that tourism inhibits peacebuilding by exacerbating economic, political, and socio‐cultural inequalities between opposing groups. This study examines the role of tourism as a potential vehicle for justice that may bridge the gap between tourism and sustainable peace. More precisely, it considers tourism as an agent of justice addressing economic, political, and social inequalities between opposing groups through distributive, procedural, and restorative justice‐related activities. Its analysis and findings offer insights that contribute to peace‐through‐tourism theory and practice while enhancing understanding of tourism’s contribution to the UN’s sustainable development goals.
Poly(lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) scaffold promotes equivalent tissue integration and supports skin grafts compared to a predicate collagen scaffold
Authors: Ruppert David S. , Mohammed Mahmoud M. , Ibrahim Mohamed M. , Bachtiar Emilio O. , Erning Kevin , Ansari Kayvan , Everitt Jeffrey I. , Brown David , Klitzman Bruce , Koshut William , Gall Ken , Levinson Howard 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDermal scarring from motor vehicle accidents, severe burns, military blasts, etc. is a major problem affecting over 80 million people worldwide annually, many of whom suffer from debilitating hypertrophic scar contractures. These stiff, shrunken scars limit mobility, impact quality of life, and cost millions of dollars each year in surgical treatment and physical therapy. Current tissue engineered scaffolds have mechanical properties akin to unwounded skin, but these collagen‐based scaffolds rapidly degrade over 2 months, premature to dampen contracture occurring 6–12 months after injury. This study demonstrates a tissue engineered scaffold can be manufactured from a slow‐degrading viscoelastic copolymer, poly(ι‐lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone), with physical and mechanical characteristics to promote tissue ingrowth and support skin‐grafts. Copolymers were synthesized via ring‐opening polymerization. Solvent casting/particulate leaching was used to manufacture 3D porous scaffolds by mixing copolymers with particles in an organic solvent followed by casting into molds and subsequent particle leaching with water. Scaffolds characterized through SEM, micro‐CT, and tensile testing confirmed the required thickness, pore size, porosity, modulus, and strength for promoting skin‐graft bioincorporation and dampening fibrosis in vivo. Scaffolds were Oxygen Plasma Treatment and collagen coated to encourage cellular proliferation. Porosity ranging from 70% to 90% was investigated in a subcutaneous murine model and found to have no clinical effect on tissue ingrowth. A swine full‐thickness skin wound model confirmed through histology and Computer Planimetry that scaffolds promote skin‐graft survival, with or without collagen coating, with equal safety and efficacy as a commercially available tissue engineered scaffold. This study validates a scalable method to create poly(ι‐lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) scaffolds with appropriate characteristics and confirms in mouse and swine wound models that the scaffolds are safe and effective at supporting skin‐grafts. The results of this study have brought us closer towards developing an alternative technology that supports skin grafts with the potential to investigate long‐term hypertrophic scar contractures.
Contributors to cancer-related fatigue in childhood cancer survivors and the use of non-pharmacological interventions: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Levesque Ariane , Caru Maxime , Duval Michel , Laverdière Caroline , Sultan Serge 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This scoping review will aim to identify the domains contributing to cancer-related fatigue in childhood cancer survivors and will explore whether non-pharmacological interventions have addressed these domains. This information will help to better define cancer-related fatigue, identify knowledge gaps in the literature, and direct future research efforts.

Introduction:
Cancer-related fatigue is a commonly reported symptom in aftercare following childhood cancer treatments. However, its operational definition and contributors are unclear, which makes it difficult to select targets and design adequate interventions. In this scoping review, we will identify contributing domains to help clarify their role as key characteristics of cancer-related fatigue. We will then review the evidence as to whether these contributing domains have been addressed by non-pharmacological interventions aimed at fatigue.

Inclusion criteria:
We will include articles on cancer-related fatigue following childhood cancer treatments (age at diagnosis ≤ 21 years) and non-pharmacological interventions aimed at reducing fatigue. Both will retain qualitative and quantitative studies will be considered for inclusion.

Methods:
In accordance with the JBI methodological framework for conducting scoping reviews, we will perform a search in PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane Library, Grey Matters, OAlster, and OpenGrey. We will use the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. Studies published in English or French will be included, with no date limitations. The data collection and analysis of eligible articles will be performed by two independent reviewers and will be classified in summary tables. The findings on contributors to cancer-related fatigue in childhood cancer survivors will be synthesized in a cross table linking contributor domains with intervention type.
Effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions to manage anxiety in adolescents in the perioperative period: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Pestana-Santos Márcia , Pereira Maria João , Santos Eduardo , Lomba Lurdes , Santos Margarida Reis 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions to manage anxiety in adolescents in the perioperative period.

Introduction:
Adolescents undergoing surgery suffer considerable levels of anxiety and distress before surgery, which are maintained beyond the procedure. Although the benefit of non-pharmacological interventions in this area is significant, their efficacy is still under-studied.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider studies that focus on adolescents aged 10 to 19 years, who have undergone a surgical procedure. All studies that focus on non-pharmacological interventions occurring in the perioperative period designed to reduce anxiety without restrictions on comparators, geography, or culture will be included.

Methods:
An initial limited search of PubMed and CINAHL has been undertaken and will be followed by a second search for published and unpublished studies, without limitations of publication date, in major health care–related electronic databases. Studies in English, Spanish, and Portuguese will be included. After full-text studies are retrieved, methodological quality assessment and data extraction will be performed independently by two reviewers. A narrative synthesis will accompany the results and, if possible, a meta-analysis will be performed and a Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Summary of Findings presented.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42020184386
Use of three-dimensional printing as a rehabilitation tool for individuals with deafblindness or vision impairment: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Bleau Maxime , Jaiswal Atul , Holzhey Peter , Aubin Gabrielle , Do Anna , Dumassais Shirley , Mirmiran Roxane , Tangkhpanya Fatima , Wittich Walter 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This scoping review aims to synthesize evidence on the practices involving additive manufacturing, also known as three-dimensional printing, as a rehabilitation tool to assist individuals with deafblindness or vision impairment, and to identify which International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health domains of functioning can be improved by its use. The goal is to inform health care professionals and family caregivers on how additive manufacturing may enhance the quality of life of people with deafblindness or vision impairment.

Introduction:
Deafblindness and vision impairment impact many life domains, such as access to information, communication, and mobility. The sense of touch is the main gateway for communication for individuals living with these impairments. Additive manufacturing is a promising technology for producing customized, tactile-based, low-cost tangible objects and devices that could improve the functioning of those with sensory impairment. Emerging studies explore the benefits of additive manufacturing in rehabilitation, education, and inclusion of people living with vision impairment, but very little is known about its use for the deafblind.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider studies that focus on the most widespread additive manufacturing technologies for the use of individuals living with deafblindness or vision impairment, their family caregivers, or professionals who provide their rehabilitation care.

Methods:
A comprehensive search of 10 databases (PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Global Health, PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, ERIC, Web of Science, Engineering Village, and Scopus) will be conducted. Screening of records will be done at the title/abstract level and at the full-text level by independent reviewers of the team.
Evolutionary Design of Novel Coolant Passages for Cooling a Square Substrate by Single Stream
Authors: Sahoo Ajit K. , Barik Ashok K. , Swain Prafulla K. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Different designs of novel coolant (i.e., water) circuits have been proposed using a well-established constructal law to cool a square substrate made up of aluminum oxide and subjected to a uniform wall heat flux (i.e., q″=200 W/m2) at its top. Five different flow-path topologies: case-1 (umbrella-shaped), case-2 (dumbbell-shaped), case-3 (hexagonal-shaped), case-4 (down-arrow-shaped), and case-5 (up-arrow-shaped) are evolved from a single pipe embedded in the heated substrate. The best cooling pathway has been anticipated by comparing the thermo-fluid characteristics of all the designs. A numerical route, via ansys R 16, has been implemented to solve the transport equations for continuity, momentum, and energy along with relevant boundary conditions. To access a better design, the nondimensional temperature and pressure drop for these cases have been quantified and compared, by varying the length and Reynolds number in the range of 2≤Lc/L≤3 and 100≤Re≤2000, respectively. We observe a decrease in the temperature and an increase in the pressure drop with Reynolds number for all the considered pathways. When Re≤500, a rapid fall in the nondimensional temperature has been noticed; and thereafter, it looks like a plateau for all cases. For case-4, a minimum temperature is obtained at the nondimensional pipe length of 2.5. At Lc/L≤2.5, we observe that the case-4 provides better cooling to the substrate among all other designs. Also, the pressure drop for case-4 is not too high as compared to other designs.
Kinematic Design of Functional Nanoscale Mechanisms From Molecular Primitives
Authors: T. Chorsi Meysam , Tavousi Pouya , Mundrane Caitlyn , Gorbatyuk Vitaliy , Kazerounian Kazem , Ilies Horea T. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Natural nanomechanisms such as capillaries, neurotransmitters, and ion channels play a vital role in the living systems. But the design principles developed by nature through evolution are not well understood and, hence, not applicable to engineered nanomachines. Thus, the design of nanoscale mechanisms with prescribed functions remains a challenge. Here, we present a systematic approach based on established kinematics techniques to designing, analyzing, and controlling manufacturable nanomachines with prescribed mobility and function built from a finite but extendable number of available "molecular primitives." Our framework allows the systematic exploration of the design space of irreducibly simple nanomachines, built with prescribed motion specification by combining available nanocomponents into systems having constrained, and consequently controllable motions. We show that the proposed framework has allowed us to discover and verify a molecule in the form of a seven link, seven revolute (7R) close loop spatial linkage with mobility (degree of freedom) of one. Furthermore, our experiments exhibit the type and range of motion predicted by our simulations. Enhancing such a structure into functional nanomechanisms by exploiting and controlling their motions individually or as part of an ensemble could galvanize development of the multitude of engineering, scientific, medical, and consumer applications that can benefit from engineered nanomachines.
Modeling a Bidirectional Converter of Photovoltaic Systems for Flywheel Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Mohamed Mohamed T. , Tafreshi Reza 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Flywheel Energy Storage Systems (FESS) present an environment-friendly solution for storing and utilizing solar energy; however, voltage and current frequent fluctuations in solar module photovoltaic (PV) systems limit the efficiency of the FESS bidirectional converter. The converter’s function is to regulate and maintain the harnessed solar energy input to the FESS through the converter’s duty cycle. In this paper, a method is proposed to select the duty cycle of the bidirectional converter for efficient energy storage of the solar module PV system. The solar module PV system is first modeled and then validated through field-testing to determine the theoretical and experimental maximum power point (MPP) voltage and current output. The solar photovoltaic module model has an average percent difference of 12% compared to the field-testing results. The FESS and the bidirectional converter are separately modeled and then integrated to determine the FESS power output, efficiency, and flywheel rotational speed. The resulting FESS efficiency is 80% which is 14% higher than the efficiencies of FESS for off-grid PV applications available in the literature. The developed duty cycle selection of the bidirectional converter will aid in the development of commercial FESS for off-grid systems.
Multi-Objective Design Exploration of a Canine Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt for Hydrocephalus
Authors: Yingling Ryan , Balu Nellippallil Anand , Register Matthew , Hannan Travis , Simmons Jack , Shores Andy , Prabhu Raj K. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Hydrocephalus is a condition that affects humans and animals in which excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) builds up within the ventricles of the brain, causing an increase in intracranial pressure. The CSF can be released using a ventriculoperitoneal shunt, which effectively removes the fluid from the ventricles of the brain to the peritoneal cavity. In canines, hydrocephalus is sometimes a fatal condition complicated by shunt failure due to obstructions. The medical procedure is also expensive and has a high failure rate over the long term.
In this paper, we present a systematic framework to carry out the multi-objective design exploration of canine shunts for managing hydrocephalus. We demonstrate the efficacy of the framework by designing a shunt prototype to meet specific goals of meeting the CSF flow rate target, minimizing shear stress on the shunt, and minimizing shunt weight. The shunt design variables considered for the problem include the inner diameter, inlet hole diameter, and the distance from the inlet holes to the outlet. A multi-objective design problem is formulated using the systematic framework to explore the combination of shunt design variables that best satisfy the conflicting goals defined. The framework and associated design constructs are generic and support the formulation and decision-based design of similar biomedical devices for different health conditions.