bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alobar holoprosencephaly in mining‐related areas of the Eastern region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo: A case series
Authors: Mudekereza Paterne Safari , Mudekereza Jules Balagizi , Bahizire Gauthier Murhula , Lekuya Hervé Monka , Mudekereza Edouard Amani , Zabadayi Germain Mudumbi , Budema Paul Munguakonkwa , Balungwe Patrick Birindwa , Chimanuka Dominique , Mubenga Léon‐Emmanuel Mukengeshai 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecent case reports described three cases of holoprosencephaly (HPE) in the area with high mining‐related pollution of the southern region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). We reported two male neonates with clinically diagnosed HPE in the localities of Fizi and Kitutu, two mineral areas in the Eastern region of the same country (DRC), where artisanal surface mining is predominant with high exposure to radiation and heavy metals from mining.Cases' presentationsTwo newborns from adult and multigravida mothers without pregnancy complication. The birth weights were 3,200 g and 2,500 g, respectively, and the malformations noticed were essentially the single median eye, the absent nose, polydactyly for one case, and proboscis for the other case. They both died a few minutes later after birth.ConclusionThe etiologic factors of HPE remain unknown but seem to be multifactorial from both genetic and environmental factors. We hypothesize under reserve for these two cases that mining and radiation expositions were likely potential environmental associated factors to the occurrence of these malformations.
Graue Emissionen im Bauwesen – Bestandsaufnahme und Optimierungsstrategien
Authors: Weidner Stefanie , Mrzigod Alexandra , Bechmann Roland , Sobek Werner 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDie menschengemachten CO2‐Emissionen sind weiterhin viel zu hoch, um die 2015 im Pariser Klimaabkommen gesetzten Ziele – nämlich eine Beschränkung der Erderwärmung auf 1,5 °C im Vergleich zum vorindustriellen Zeitraum – zu erreichen. Das Bauwesen spielt dabei eine besondere Rolle, denn es ist anteilig der größte Emittent des klimaschädlichen Gases CO2. Der vorliegende Aufsatz untersucht deshalb Umfang und Reduktionspotenzial der grauen Emissionen, die für Herstellung, Einbau und Abbruch von tragwerksrelevanten Bauelementen in Deutschland entstehen. Ziel ist es hierbei, einzuhaltende Grenzwerte aufzuzeigen und zu erläutern, welche Maßnahmen bereits in frühen Planungsphasen eine deutliche Reduktion der grauen Emissionen möglich machen.
Melatonin supplementation in the subacute phase after ischemia alleviates postischemic sleep disturbances in rats
Authors: Hao Shu‐Mei , Zhong Zhi‐Gang , Qu Wei‐Min , Huang Zhi‐Li , Sun Feng‐Yan , Qiu Mei‐Hong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundSleep disorders are highly prevalent among stroke survivors and impede stroke recovery. It is well established that melatonin has neuroprotective effects in animal models of ischemic stroke. However, as a modulator of endogenous physiological circadian rhythms, the effects of melatonin on poststroke sleep disorders remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated how melatonin delivered intraperitoneally once daily in the subacute phase after stroke onset, influencing neuronal survival, motor recovery, and sleep–wake profiles in rats.MethodsTransient ischemic stroke in male Sprague–Dawley rats was induced with 30 min occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Melatonin or vehicle was delivered intraperitoneally once daily in the subacute phase, from 2 to 7 days after stroke. Electroencephalogram and electromyogram recordings were obtained simultaneously.ResultsCompared to the effects observed in the vehicle‐treated ischemic group, after 6 daily consecutive treatment of melatonin at 10 mg/kg starting at ischemic/reperfusion day 2, the infarct volume was significantly decreased (from 39.6 to 26.2%), and the degeneration of axons in the ipsilateral striatum and the contralateral corpus callosum were significantly alleviated. Sensorimotor performances were obviously improved as evidenced by significant increases in the latency to falling off the wire and in the use of the impaired forelimb. In addition to those predictable results of reducing brain tissue damage and mitigating behavioral deficits, repeated melatonin treatment during the subacute phase of stroke also alleviated sleep fragmentation through reducing sleep‐wake stage transitions and stage bouts, together with increasing stage durations. Furthermore, daily administration of melatonin at 9 a.m. significantly increased the nonrapid eye movement sleep delta power during both the light and dark periods and decreased the degree of reduction of the circadian index.ConclusionsMelatonin promptly reversed ischemia‐induced sleep disturbances. The neuroprotective effects of melatonin on ischemic injury may be partially associated with its role in sleep modulation.
Area light source‐triggered latent angiogenic molecular mechanisms intensify therapeutic efficacy of adult stem cells
Authors: Kim Yu‐Jin , Kim Sung‐Won , Im Gwang‐Bum , Kim Yeong Hwan , Jeong Gun‐Jae , Jeon Hye Ran , Kim Dong‐Ik , Lee Haeshin , Park Sung Young , Cho Sung Min , Bhang Suk Ho 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLight‐based therapy such as photobiomodulation (PBM) reportedly produces beneficial physiological effects in cells and tissues. However, most reports have focused on the immediate and instant effects of light. Considering the physiological effects of natural light exposure in living organisms, the latent reaction period after irradiation should be deliberated. In contrast to previous reports, we examined the latent reaction period after light exposure with optimized irradiating parameters and validated novel therapeutic molecular mechanisms for the first time. we demonstrated an organic light‐emitting diode (OLED)‐based PBM (OPBM) strategy that enhances the angiogenic efficacy of human adipose‐derived stem cells (hADSCs) via direct irradiation with red OLEDs of optimized wavelength, voltage, current, luminance, and duration, and investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms. Our results revealed that the angiogenic paracrine effect, viability, and adhesion of hADSCs were significantly intensified by our OPBM strategy. Following OPBM treatment, significant changes were observed in HIF‐1α expression, intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase, and glycolytic pathways in hADSCs. In addition, transplantation of OLED‐irradiated hADSCs resulted in significantly enhanced limb salvage ratio in a mouse model of hindlimb ischemia. Our OPBM might serve as a new paradigm for stem cell culture systems to develop cell‐based therapies in the future.
Viral vector‐based gene therapies in the clinic
Authors: Zhao Zongmin , Anselmo Aaron C. , Mitragotri Samir 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGene therapies are currently one of the most investigated therapeutic modalities in both the preclinical and clinical settings and have shown promise in treating a diverse spectrum of diseases. Gene therapies aim at introducing a gene material in target cells and represent a promising approach to cure diseases that were thought to be incurable by conventional modalities. In many cases, a gene therapy requires a vector to deliver gene therapeutics into target cells; viral vectors are among the most widely studied vectors owing to their distinguished advantages such as outstanding transduction efficiency. With decades of development, viral vector‐based gene therapies have achieved promising clinical outcomes with many products approved for treating a range of diseases including cancer, infectious diseases and monogenic diseases. In addition, a number of active clinical trials are underway to further expand their therapeutic potential. In this review, we highlight the diversity of viral vectors, review approved products, and discuss the current clinical landscape of in vivo viral vector‐based gene therapies. We have reviewed 13 approved products and their clinical applications. We have also analyzed more than 200 active trials based on various viral vectors and discussed their respective therapeutic applications. Moreover, we provide a critical analysis of the major translational challenges for in vivo viral vector‐based gene therapies and discuss possible strategies to address the same.
Evaluation of lung tumor motion in a large sample: Target‐related and clinical factors influencing tumor motion based on four‐dimensional CT
Authors: Li Fengxiang , Qu Yanlin , Zhang Tingting , Cui Zhen , Sun Xin , Zhang Tao , Li Jianbin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeWe aimed to analyze the influence of target‐related and clinical factors on lung tumor motion based on four‐dimensional CT (4DCT), and clarify the motion based on subgroups in lung stereotactic body radiation therapy.Materials and methods4DCT image data of 267 tumors from 246 patients were analyzed. The coordinates in the left–right (LR), anterior–posterior (AP), and cranial–caudal (CC) directions of the center of mass (COM) of the gross tumor volumes in 10 phases of 4DCT were measured. The peak‐to‐peak COM displacement in the LR, AP, CC, and 3D directions was calculated. The influence of target‐related and clinical factors on tumor motion was evaluated using multivariate analysis.ResultsThe tumor segment location correlated with the tumor motion in each direction. Tumor size was predictive of tumor motion in the 3D (p = 0.023) and AP directions (p = 0.049). The tumor motion for metastatic tumors was smaller than that for primary tumors in the LR (p = 0.019) and AP directions (p = 0.008). The CC motion for pulmonary surgery recipients (3.8 ± 4.5 mm) was less than that for patients who had not undergone surgery (5.6 ± 5.4 mm), and no significant clinical factor was observed. BSA and BMI were positively correlated with the motion in the CC (p = 0.02) and LR directions (p = 0.002).ConclusionThe tumor segment location was a good predictor of tumor motion. A larger tumor tends to have a smaller motion. Patients with metastatic tumors or those who have undergone pulmonary surgery exhibited smaller and more unpredictable tumor motions, which required individual assessments. Thus, clinical factors can potentially predict tumor motion.
Sense of responsible togetherness, sense of community, and civic engagement behaviours: Disentangling an active and engaged citizenship
Authors: Procentese Fortuna , Gatti Flora 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLocal communities should represent entities where individuals get answers to their affiliation needs and for which they feel responsible, but in modern ones, increasingly complex ways of living together are fostering citizens' civic and social disengagement. The present study addresses the relationships between the cognitive, affective, and behavioural components of an active and engaged citizenship. Five hundred and fifty‐five Italian citizens answered an online questionnaire about their Sense of Responsible Togetherness, Sense of Community, and Civic Engagement Behaviours. The results support Sense of Community as a mediator in the relationship between Sense of Responsible Togetherness and civic engagement behaviours, suggesting that the representations about community members being active and responsible, and having opportunities to meet and match, could at the same time strengthen their tie to that community and foster their civic engagement for it. This could set up a cycle of enhancement and empowerment for individuals and communities through increasing the opportunities for local generative interactions and civic engagement.
Multiple group membership supports resilience and growth in response to violence and abuse
Authors: Haslam Catherine , Latilla Tatiana , Muldoon Orla T. , Cruwys Tegan , Kearns Michelle 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the role that social group processes, and multiple group membership in particular, play in supporting resilience and post‐traumatic growth following the experience of violence and abuse. Drawing on social identity theorizing, we develop and test a model that (a) predicts an association between multiple group membership and positive outcomes of resilience and post‐traumatic growth, and (b) explores mechanisms, of personal control and identification with anti‐violence activists, through which group membership might exert this effect. This model was tested using data from a sample of predominantly White South African adults recruited through numerous sources including a non‐government organisation that supports victims of violence and abuse (N = 112). Results showed that multiple group membership was positively related to post‐traumatic growth and provided a basis for enhanced personal control and identification with activists. Personal control also mediated the relationship between multiple group membership and resilience. We discuss the implications for theory and practice and suggest there is value in working with social group memberships following trauma to support recovery.
Completely Chemically Synthesized Long DNA Can be Transcribed in Human Cells
Authors: Yamaoka Kazuki , Oikawa Ryota , Abe Naoko , Nakamoto Kosuke , Tomoike Fumiaki , Hashiya Fumitaka , Kimura Yasuaki , Abe Hiroshi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractChemical ligation reaction of DNA is useful for the construction of long functional DNA using oligonucleotide fragments that are prepared by solid phase chemical synthesis. However, the unnatural linkage structure formed by the ligation reaction generally impairs the biological function of the resulting ligated DNA. We achieved the complete chemical synthesis of 78 and 258 bp synthetic DNAs via multiple chemical ligation reactions with phosphorothioate and haloacyl‐modified DNA fragments. The latter synthetic DNA, coding shRNA for luciferase genes with a designed truncated SV promoter sequence, successfully induced the expected gene silencing effect in HeLa cells.
HN1L promotes stem cell‐like properties by regulating TGF‐β signaling pathway through targeting FOXP2 in prostate cancer
Authors: Nong Shaojun , Wang Zhiwei , Wei Zhongqing , Ma Limin , Guan Yangbo , Ni Jian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDysregulated hematological and neurological expressed 1‐like (HN1L) has been implicated in carcinogenesis of difference cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma and breast cancer. However, the role of HN1L in the progression of prostate cancer (PCA) remains unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of HN1L in stemness and progression of PCA. The expression of HN1L in PCA tissues and cells was determined by quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), western blot analysis, and/or immunohistochemistry (IHC). CD133+ cells were sorted from PCA cells using magnetic fluorescence cell sorting technology and were considered as cancer stem cells (CSCs). Sphere formation assays, transwell assays, and animal experiments were conducted to assess cell stemness, migration, invasion, and in vivo tumorigenesis, respectively. The results showed that HN1L expression was higher in PCA tissues and cells as compared with normal tissues and cells, as well as in CD133+ cells as compared with CD133− cells. HN1L knockdown significantly decreased the expression levels of CSC markers including OCT4 (POU class 5 homeobox 1), CD44, and SRY‐box transcription factor 2, inhibited cell migration, invasion, and tumorigenesis and decreased the number of tumor spheroids and CD133+ cell population. Furthermore, we found that HN1L could bind to forkhead box P2 (FOXP2) and positively regulated transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) expression via upregulation of FOXP2. In addition, the overexpression of TGF‐β in HN1L‐knockdown PCA cells increased the number of tumor spheroids and CD133+ cell population, as well as enhanced cell migration and invasion. Collectively, this study demonstrates that HN1L promotes stem cell‐like properties and cancer progression by targeting FOXP2 through TGF‐β signaling pathway in PCA.
Semiconductor‐based Photoanodes Modified with Metal‐Organic Frameworks and Molecular Catalysts as Cocatalysts for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Wang Ruiling , Kuwahara Yasutaka , Mori Kohsuke , Yamashita Hiromi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPhotoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a promising approach to convert inexhaustible solar energy to hydrogen energy. In this system, the semiconductor is a crucial part as photoelectrode to harvest the solar light and achieve water splitting on the surface. For the surface modification of semiconductor, cocatalyst loading is an effective method to improve the sluggish reaction kinetics. Due to the specific structure of their organic ligands, the metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) or molecular catalysts as cocatalysts can provide more reaction sites and overcome the interface recombination between semiconductors and cocatalyst layers. The inorganic metal species derived from the MOFs or molecular catalysts also possess porous structures. This review summarizes the recent developments of MOFs and molecular catalysts as well as their derivatives modifying several representative semiconductors for PEC water oxidation reaction. The synthesis methods and performance enhancements are discussed. Finally, this review addresses remarks on current existing changes and perspectives for the further development.
Photoluminescence‐Based Techniques for the Detection of Micro‐ and Nanoplastics
Authors: Capolungo Chiara , Genovese Damiano , Montalti Marco , Rampazzo Enrico , Zaccheroni Nelsi , Prodi Luca 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe growing numbers related to plastic pollution are impressive, with ca. 70 % of produced plastic (>350 tonnes/year) being indiscriminately wasted in the environment. The most dangerous forms of plastic pollution for biota and human health are micro‐ and nano‐plastics (MNPs), which are ubiquitous and more bioavailable. Their elimination is extremely difficult, but the first challenge is their detection since existing protocols are unsatisfactory for microplastics and mostly absent for nanoplastics. After a discussion of the state of the art for MNPs detection, we specifically revise the techniques based on photoluminescence that represent very promising solutions for this problem. In this context, Nile Red staining is the most used strategy and we show here its pros and limitations, but we also discuss other more recent approaches, such as the use of fluorogenic probes based on perylene‐bisimide and on fluorogenic hyaluronan nanogels, with the added values of biocompatibility and water solubility.
A pH Self‐Monitoring Heterogeneous Multicompartmental Proteinosome with Spatiotemporal Regulation of Insulin Transportation
Authors: Wen Ping , Wang Xueyi , Chen Haixu , Appelhans Dietmar , Liu Xiaoman , Wang Lei , Huang Xin 
Published: September 2021

Main observation and conclusionInspired by the intricate eukaryotic cell structure, the spontaneously assembling multicompartments capable of spatiotemporally regulated biomacromolecules transportation is still a challenge. Here, a heterogeneous proteinosome‐based multicompartment was designed and constructed by combining aqueous two‐phase system and Pickering emulsion methods. By loading PEGylated insulin with boronic acid group into the multicompartment and glucose oxidase (GOx) into the innermost microgel domain, a short‐ or long‐term transportation pathway of the loaded insulin was constructed by responding to the concentration of glucose. Moreover, the diminution of dynamic boronic ester bonding, the hindrance of polyethylene oxide micro‐chamber, electrostatic interaction and the swelling behavior of hydrogel triggered by GOx/glucose reaction resulted in spatiotemporally controlled multi‐pathway transportation mode with the releasing of insulin loaded inside the innermost microgel at high concentration of glucose (10 mg·mL–1). Specially, by incorporating rhodamine B and fluorescein labelled BSA into the multicompartment, the release procedure of the loaded insulin can be monitored by the fluorescence color‐change. Overall, a multimode microcompartment is constructed which is then expected to provide a promising platform for further therapeutic protein, gene and drug delivery, as well as towards the design of complicated cell biomimetics.
Growth, Optical, and Laser Properties of Large‐Sized Cr,Nd:Y3Al5O12 Crystal
Authors: Li Wen , Wang Yan , Lian Yingshu , Li Jianfu , You Zhenyu , Zhu Zhaojie , Tu Chaoyang , Xu Yadong , Jie Wanqi , Cai Yaqi , Xu Bin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe growth and characterization of Cr,Nd:Y3Al5O12 (YAG) crystal are reported. By improving the synthesis and sintering processes of polycrystalline materials, as well as the temperature gradient and annealing atmosphere, a high quality crystal with size of ϕ30 mm × 110 mm is obtained by using the Czochralski technique. After measuring the concentrations of dopant Cr3+ and Nd3+ within the different parts of the grown crystal, it is found that the distribution of dopant ions is uniform throughout the crystal. The fluorescence spectra of Cr,Nd:YAG crystal exhibit intense emissions at 1064 nm under excitations of 808 and 450 nm. The fluorescence lifetime of Nd: 4F3/2 level is obtained to be 234.2 µs. The maximum average output power reaches 7.87 W with a slope efficiency of 31.2% for near‐infrared laser at 1063.9 nm. The above results indicate that Cr,Nd:YAG crystal is a promising gain media for all‐solid state lasers.
Effect of Sputtering Power on the Optical and Electrical Properties of ITO Films on a Flexible Fluorphlogopite Substrate
Authors: Zhu Hua , Zhang Hai , Zhang Tian‐hao , Wei Quan‐ya , Yu Shi‐jin , Gao Hao , Guo Ping‐chun , Wang Yan‐xiang , Yang Zhi‐sheng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this study, magnetron sputtering is implemented to adjust the sputtering power from 156 to 306 W at room temperature, and thin film samples of indium tin oxide (ITO) on a flexible fluorphlogopite substrate are taken. With the increase in power, the resistivity of the film first decreases and then increases. The resistivity is at least 1.51 × 10–3 Ω cm at 276 W, and the highest resistivity is 2.93 × 10–2 Ω cm at 156 W. The average light transmittance of the film (400–800 nm) decreases with the increase in power within the range of 156–276 W, The highest average transmittance is 92.6% at 156 W. The quality factor of the film first rises and then decreases as the power increases, it is as high as 4.47 × 10–3 Ω–1sq at 276 W. All the AFMs show that the roughness of the sample does not significantly change with power. The SEM picture shows that as the power increases from 156 to 276 W, the grain size increases slightly. All samples are bent 1200 times around a steel cylinder, and the sheet resistance does not change more than 5%.
Structural, Elastic, Electronic, and Magnetic Properties of Interstitial V‐Doped SrO (SrVxO): FP‐LAPW Method
Authors: Benziadi Djillali , Berber Mohamed , Mebrek Moued , Ouahrani Tarik , El Keurti Mohammed , Boudali Abdelkader 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn order to unveil the effect of interstitial V‐doped SrO compound an ab initio calculation is carried out within the FP‐LAPW+lo method. To do this task, the modified GGA‐PBEsol potential is employed to predict structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of two alloys, SrV0.125O and SrV0.25O. The lattice parameters are found in good agreement with the existing theoretical and experimental data. The calculation shows both SrV0.125O and SrV0.25O alloys are energetically and mechanically stable. The interstitial doping changes the ionic nature of the SrO compound in half‐metallic ferromagnetic comportment one, with a spin polarization of 100% at the Fermi level. Magnetic properties are also predicted. After a deep analysis, the low magnetic moment is attributed to the strong hybridization of O‐p‐V‐d orbitals.