bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cleavage rules of mass spectrometry fragments and rapid identification of chemical components of Radix Paeoniae Alba using UHPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS
Authors: Yang Shenshen , Zhang Xinyue , Dong Yaqian , Sun Guijiang , Jiang Aili , Li Yubo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionRadix Paeoniae Alba (RPA) presents several pharmacological effects, including analgesia, liver protection, and toxicity reduction. RPA consists mostly of monoterpenes and their glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, and organic acids, with monoterpenes being the main active pharmaceutical ingredients.ObjectiveTo establish an effective method for rapid classification and identification of the main monoterpenes, flavonoids, and organic acids in RPA.MethodsWe used ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS) and data post‐processing technology to rapidly classify and identify the monoterpenoids, flavonoids, and organic acids in RPA. We also summarised the diagnostic product ions and neutral losses of monoterpenoids, flavonoids, and organic acids in RPA reported in the literature.ResultsWe identified 24 components, namely 18 monoterpenoids, one flavonoid, and five organic acids.ConclusionIn this study, we analysed the chemically active pharmaceutical ingredients and assessed the quality of RPA. In addition, we demonstrated that UHPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS can be used to qualitatively classify and identify the variety of chemical components of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) to a certain extent. Moreover, we confirmed that mass spectrometry can be used to identify the components of TCMs.
Mechanical characterization and modeling stress relaxation behavior of acrylic–polyurethane‐based graft‐interpenetrating polymer networks
Authors: Alizadeh Nima , Celestine Asha‐Dee N. , Auad Maria L. , Agrawal Vinamra 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe stress relaxation behavior of acrylic–polyurethane (PU)‐based graft‐interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) was characterized via dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and modeled using finite element method (FEM) analysis. Stress relaxation of glassy IPN specimens was experimentally studied under flexural testing, while rubbery IPN specimens were tested in tension. The effects of varying the styrene content in the acrylic copolymer phase, compatibility of the two phases in IPNs, and changing the concentration of acrylic copolymer and PU were studied. A higher percentage of styrene content resulted in higher homogeneity of IPN specimens, and decrease in initial modulus for acrylic copolymer specimens. Additionally, glassy IPN specimens with 90% styrene shows resistance to relaxation as high as acrylic copolymer samples. Experimental results were used to develop a numerical model to study stress relaxation response of specimens. While polymer systems have been studied computationally, numerical modeling of IPN systems is still in its infancy. A three‐dimensional FEM model was developed using the Generalized Maxwell model and four‐term Prony series constants, which were extracted from the stress relaxation experiments. With four terms in the Prony series, a good match was observed between experimental observations and results from the FEM model.
Influence of green extraction process of nano fibrillated cellulose using subcritical water/CO2 on its properties and development of its bio composite
Authors: Purkayastha Srijita , Saha Sampa , Ghosh Anup K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe study proposes a new green extraction method of producing nano fibrillated cellulose (NFC) from softwood pulp (SWP) by using subcritical water/CO2. Subcritical water/CO2 led to a controlled hydrolysis of SWP and the treated SWP was fibrillated by sonication to produce NFC. Effect of process parameters (time, temperature, and pressure) on the crystallinity and thermal properties of NFC was studied to optimize the process conditions for controlled hydrolysis. The influence of the extraction process on the properties of prepared NFC was studied. Nanocellulosic materials were characterized by using field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, and thermo gravimetric analysis. The NFC obtained at optimum process conditions (100 bar, 145°C, and 30 min) showed significantly high crystallinity (66%) and high yield (75–80%) compared to the NFC prepared by conventional mechanical grinding method. The present method of producing NFC uses water and pressurized CO2, and therefore, eliminate use of acids and chemicals. Plasticized poly vinyl alcohol (p‐PVA) based nano composite with NFC shows significant improvement in thermal stability (36%), tensile strength (77%) with reduced water vapor transmission rate as compared to virgin p‐PVA indicating their potential as nanofiller for making bio composites.
‘Gallagher’ and ‘Iba’ hard red winter wheat: Half‐sibs inseparable by yield gain, separable by producer preference
Authors: Marburger David A. , Silva Amanda de Oliveira , Hunger Robert M. , Edwards Jeffrey T. , Van der Laan Liza , Blakey Adrienne M. , Kan C‐C. , Garland‐Campbell K.A. , Bowden Robert L. , Yan Liuling , Tilley Michael , Chen Ming‐Shun , Chen Yuanhong Richard , Bai Guihua , Jin Yue , Kolmer James A. , Seabourn Bradford W. , Rassi Guadalupe Davila‐El , Rayas‐Duarte Patricia , Kerr Robert M. , Carver Brett F. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCornerstone cultivars earn their status as much by their genetic fortitude and successive progeny as by their own visibility. ‘Duster’ hard red winter (HRW) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) established a foundation of yield potential, pest resistance, and baking quality on which two half‐sib progenies named ‘Gallagher’ (Reg. no. CV‐1177, PI 667569) and ‘Iba’ (Reg. no. CV‐1178, PI 667570) were released by the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station in 2012 and subsequently assumed significant commercial hectares in the U.S. southern plains. Our objectives were to characterize and compare Gallagher and Iba with their parent Duster for a wide array of agronomic, end‐use quality, and wheat sensitivity traits. Bulked descendants of sister F4:5 lines, Gallagher and Iba were tested as experimental lines OK07214 and OK07209, respectively. In one breeding cycle, they showed an 8% yield gain in grain‐only environments, with 10–17% increases in kernel weight, divergent wheat protein responses, unidirectional responses in total fructan content, and wide bidirectional responses in flour levels of immunotoxic gluten epitopes. Both cultivars remain excellent sources of yield potential and functionality, yet their ultimate adoption histories did not align with institutional expectations at the time of release. This retrospective analysis provides a non‐abstract reminder worthwhile for any agent of wheat improvement: wheat producers may exercise cultivar choice on seemingly modest characteristics but with yield‐equivalent precedence.
Supplementation of overripe pulp extract and green peel extract or powder of banana fruit peel (musa. cavendish) to diets of neonatal dairy calves: Effects on haematological, immunological and performance characteristics
Authors: Keivani Rad Nafiseh , Mohri Mehrdad , Seifi Hesam A. , Haghparast Alireza 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe present study investigated the effects of overripe pulp and green peel extract and powder of banana fruit (Musa. cavendish) on haematological, biochemical, immunological, health, and performance of Holstein dairy calves. In all, 40 newborn calves were randomly divided into four groups of 10 animals. In the control group, animals received no banana meal. In group 1, calves were supplemented with 2 g (dry matter)/kg body weight/day of overripe banana pulp extract. The calves in group 2 were supplemented with 1 g (dry matter) of overripe banana pulp extract/kg body weight/day and 1 g (dry matter) of green banana peel extract/kg body weight/day. The animals in group 3 were supplemented with 2 g/kg body weight/day of green banana peel powder. The feeding period of calves on the tested supplements was 5 days. Blood samples and other evaluations were taken on day 0 (at birth, before supplementation) and on days 7, 15 and 30. Just a trend towards better average daily weight gain was seen in groups 2 and 3 than others (p = 0.073). Significant group and sampling time interactions were seen for the quantities of RBC (group 1 was lower than other groups at day 30), MCV (group 3 was lower than other groups at day 30) and MCH (group 1 was higher than other groups at day 30) (p < 0.05). A trend towards significance in values of IgG (group 1 was lower than other groups at days 15 and 30) and bilirubin (higher values at day 7 in groups 1 and 2 than control, higher amounts at days 15 and 30 in groups 3 and 2 than control, respectively) was also observed. In conclusion, banana supplementation in neonatal calves had beneficial effects on the values of RBC, MCV, MCH, bilirubin, IgG and average daily weight gain in dairy calves.
Widespread severe myodegeneration in a compound heterozygote female dog with dystrophin deficiency
Authors: Fortin Jessica S. , Hakim Chady H. , Korte Scott , Yang N. Nora , Fitzgerald Scott D. , Johnson Gayle C. , Smith Bruce F. , Duan Dongsheng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe University of Missouri (MU) has established a colony of dystrophin‐deficient dogs with a mixed breed background to mirror the variable pathologic effects of dystrophinopathies between persons of a given kindred to further the understanding of the genetic and molecular basis of the variable phenotype; thus to facilitate discovery of an effective therapeutic strategy. Herein we report the phenotype and genotype of a normal‐appearing 10‐month‐old colony female that died suddenly. At necropsy examination, there were reduced skeletal and laryngeal muscle volume and mild dilatation of the oesophagus. Microscopic findings consisted of extensive degeneration and regeneration of the axial skeletal, tongue, oesophageal, and laryngeal muscles that were characterized by considerable central nucleation, individual fibre mineralization and interstitial fibrosis. The myocardial findings were limited to infiltration of adipose cells in the interstitium. The female dog was a compound heterozygote with one X chromosome carrying a point mutation in intron 6 of the dystrophin gene and the other X chromosome carrying a repetitive element insertion in intron 13 of the dystrophin gene. Although the direct cause of death was uncertain, it might likely be due to sudden cardiac death as has been seen in Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients. This case demonstrated dystrophinopathy in female dogs that have no ameliorating normal X chromosome.
Quasi-Jacobi forms, elliptic genera and strings in four dimensions
Authors: Lee Seung-Joo , Lerche Wolfgang , Lockhart Guglielmo , Weigand Timo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We investigate the interplay between the enumerative geometry of Calabi-Yau fourfolds with fluxes and the modularity of elliptic genera in four-dimensional string theories. We argue that certain contributions to the elliptic genus are given by derivatives of modular or quasi-modular forms, which may encode BPS invariants of Calabi-Yau or non-Calabi-Yau threefolds that are embedded in the given fourfold. As a result, the elliptic genus is only a quasi-Jacobi form, rather than a modular or quasi-modular one in the usual sense. This manifests itself as a holomorphic anomaly of the spectral flow symmetry, and in an elliptic holomorphic anomaly equation that maps between different flux sectors. We support our general considerations by a detailed study of examples, including non-critical strings in four dimensions.For the critical heterotic string, we explain how anomaly cancellation is restored due to the properties of the derivative sector. Essentially, while the modular sector of the elliptic genus takes care of anomaly cancellation involving the universal B-field, the quasi-Jacobi one accounts for additional B-fields that can be present.Thus once again, diverse mathematical ingredients, namely here the algebraic geometry of fourfolds, relative Gromow-Witten theory pertaining to flux backgrounds, and the modular properties of (quasi-)Jacobi forms, conspire in an intriguing manner precisely as required by stringy consistency.
Sterile neutrinos and the global reactor antineutrino dataset
Authors: Berryman Jeffrey M. , Huber Patrick 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe present results from global fits to the available reactor antineutrino dataset, as of Fall 2019, to determine the global preference for a fourth, sterile neutrino. We have separately considered experiments that measure the integrated inverse-beta decay (IBD) rate from those that measure the energy spectrum of IBD events at one or more locations. The evidence that we infer from rate measurements varies between ≲ 3σand negligible depending on the reactor antineutrino flux model employed. Moreover, we find that spectral ratios ostensibly imply ≳ 3σevidence, consistent with previous work, though these measurements are known to be plagued by issues related to statistical interpretation; these results should therefore be viewed cautiously. The software used is the newly developed GLoBESfit tool set which is based on the publicly available GLoBES framework and will be released as open-source software.
Critical islands
Authors: Krishnan Chethan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We discuss a doubly-holographic prescription for black holes in braneworlds with a vanishing cosmological constant. It involves calculating Ryu-Takayanagi surfaces in AdS black funnel spacetimes attached to braneworld black holes in the critical Randall- Sundrum II model. Critical braneworlds have the virtue of having massless gravitons. Our approach should be useful when the braneworld is a cosmological black hole interacting with deconfined, large-N matter. In higher dimensions, explicit funnel metrics will have to be constructed numerically — but based on the general structure of the geometry, we present a natural guess for where one might find the semi-classical island. In a 3-dimensional example where a toy analytic black funnel is known, we can check our guess by direct calculation. We argue that this resolves a version of the information paradox in these braneworld systems, by finding strong evidence for “cosmological islands”. Comoving Ryu-Takayanagi surfaces and associated UV cut-offs on the brane, play natural roles.
Long‐Term Health‐Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) After Redo‐Fundoplication
Authors: Kivelä Antti J. , Kauppi Juha , Räsänen Jari , But Anna , Sintonen Harri , Vironen Jaana , Kruuna Olli , Scheinin Tom 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe aim to shed light on long‐term subjective outcomes after re‐operations for failed fundoplication.Methods1809 patients were operated on for hiatal hernia and/or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) at the Helsinki University Hospital between 2000 and 2017. 111 (6%) of these had undergone a re‐operation for a failed antireflux operation. Overall, HRQoL was assessed in 89 patients at the latest follow‐up using the generic 15D© instrument. The results were compared to a sample of the general population, weighted to reflect the age and gender distribution of patients. Disease‐specific HRQoL was assessed using the GERD‐HRQoL questionnaire. We studied variation in the overall HRQoL with respect to disease‐specific HRQoL and known patients' parameters using univariate and multivariable linear regression models.ResultsThe median postoperative follow‐up period was 9.3 years. All patients were operated on laparoscopically (6% conversion rate), and 87% were satisfied with the re‐operation. Postoperative complications were minimal (5%). Twelve patients (11%) underwent a second re‐operation. The median GERD‐HRQoL score was nine. In multivariable analysis, four variables were independently associated with the 15D score, suggesting a decrease in the 15D score with increasing GERD‐HRQoL score, increasing Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and the presence of chronic pain syndrome (CPS) and depression.ConclusionRe‐do LF is a safe procedure in experienced hands and may offer acceptable long‐term alleviation in patients with recurring symptoms after antireflux surgery. Decreased HRQoL in the long run is related to recurring GERD and co‐morbidities.
Minimierung des Sinterzerfalls mittels DEM
Authors: Denzel Michael , Prenner Michael 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungUm eine ausreichende Durchgasung im Hochofen zu gewährleisten, müssen feinkörnige Einsatzstoffe mithilfe des Sinterprozesses agglomeriert werden. Mechanische Belastungen an Förderanlagen, Kühlern, Sieben und Bunkern zwischen Sinteranlage und Hochofen führen zum teilweisen Zerfall des Sinters. Der dabei entstandene Feinkornanteil (< 5 mm) muss vor der Beschickung des Hochofens ausgesiebt und als Rückgut unter hohem Energieaufwand, Kosten und entsprechenden CO2-Emissionen erneut der Sinteranlage zugeführt werden. Ziel der aktuellen Forschungsarbeit ist die Bereitstellung eines geeigneten Materialmodells, das es ermöglicht, den Zerfall von Hochofensinter während Transport und Lagerung mittels Diskrete Elemente Methode (DEM) vorherzusagen. Dies ermöglicht kritische Bereiche zu optimieren, um den Zerfall zu reduzieren. Dabei wird zuerst die Bruchcharakteristik des Sinters mittels eines eigens entwickelten Prüfstands für Einzelpartikelversuche analysiert. Mit den Versuchsergebnissen wird anschließend ein geeignetes Materialmodell in die DEM implementiert, welches auch in der institutseigenen Versuchsanlage verifiziert werden soll.
The impact of a hospital-based exercise oncology program on cancer treatment–related side effects among rural cancer survivors
Authors: Coletta Adriana M. , Rose Nathan B. , Johnson Austin F. , Moxon D. Scott , Trapp Stephen K. , Walker Darren , White Shelley , Ulrich Cornelia M. , Agarwal Neeraj , Oza Sonal , Zingg Rebecca W. , Hansen Pamela A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the impact of the Personal Optimism With Exercise Recovery (POWER) program on cancer treatment–related side effects among rural cancer survivors.

Methods
In this retrospective study of data collected between 2016 and 2019, we assessed change in cardiorespiratory fitness, whole-body muscular endurance, physical function and strength, anthropometrics, fatigue, and quality of life (QoL), after participation in POWER. Descriptive statistics were calculated for demographic and clinical variables. Univariate analysis of variance was carried out with age and BMI at initial assessment as covariates.

Results
A total of 239 survivors, 78% rural residents, completed a follow-up assessment. Among rural cancer survivors, the most prevalent cancer sites were breast (42.5%), prostate (12.4%), and lymphoma (5.9%). The majority of survivors were female (70%), non-Hispanic (94.6%), and white (93.5%), with average age and BMI of 62.1 ± 13.2 years and 28.4 ± 6.7 kg/m2, respectively. Rural cancer survivors with cancer stages I–III exhibited significant improvements in fitness (+ 3.07 ml/kg/min, 95% CI 1.93, 4.21; + 0.88 METS, 95% CI 0.55, 1.20), physical function (30-s chair stand: + 2.2 repetitions, 95% CI 1.3, 3.1), muscular endurance (10-repetition maximum: chest press + 4.1 kg, 95% CI 2.0, 6.3; lateral pulldown + 6.6 kg, 95% CI 4.4, 8.9), self-reported fatigue (FACIT-Fatigue score: + 4.9, 95% CI 1.6, 8.1), and QoL (FACT-G7 score + 2.1, 95% CI, 0.9, 3.4). Among stage IV rural and urban cancer survivors, significant improvements were observed in muscular endurance and physical function.

Conclusion
Participation in POWER was associated with attenuation of cancer treatment–related side effects and may serve as a model exercise oncology program for rural cancer survivors.
The importance of livestock grazing at woodland-grassland interface in the conservation of rich oakwood plant communities in temperate Europe
Authors: Wolański Paweł , Bobiec Andrzej , Ortyl Bernadetta , Makuch-Pietraś Iwona , Czarnota Paweł , Ziobro Jan , Korol Mykola , Havryliuk Serhii , Paderewski Jakub , Kirby Keith 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTraditional husbandry fostered rich semi-open oakwood communities composed of forest and non-forest species. In the eastern Carpathian region, silvo-pastoralism was commonplace by the mid-1900s. This study aimed to determine the state of the preservation of the ecotonal character of grassland-woodland interfaces in formerly pastured cultural landscapes of SE-Polish Carpathian foothills and W-Ukrainian Ciscarpathia in the context of land-use change. In the first region, despite the long-lasting history of forest grazing amongst mainly arable land, the post-WWII collapse of husbandry and the imposed ban on forest grazing, has led to swift development of dense undergrowth and establishment of impermeable ecological woodland-open habitat barrier. As a result, former silvo-pastoral oakwoods developed the features of the Tilio-Carpinentum forest community although some forest species have not yet moved in due to their poor dispersibility. The much younger oakwoods in the Ukrainian study region are remnants of the sparsely treed grasslands, some of which had been ploughed in the mid 20th century. Their semi-open canopy structure, maintained through repetitive grass burning, contributes to the communities ecotonal character, but without regular livestock-led plant “spill-over” from the grassland, the oakwoods remain species-poor. The restoration of species-rich semi-open oak woods requires “unsealing” the forest-grassland interface, reducing the degree of canopy closure, and opening that zone up to extensive grazing—an important seed dispersal vector.
Combining perfusion and angiography with a low-dose cardiac CT technique: a preliminary investigation in a swine model
Authors: Hubbard Logan , Malkasian Shant , Zhao Yixiao , Abbona Pablo , Molloi Sabee 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMorphological and physiological assessment of coronary artery disease (CAD) is necessary for proper stratification of CAD risk. The objective was to evaluate a low-dose cardiac CT technique that combines morphological and physiological assessment of CAD. The low-dose technique was evaluated in twelve swine, where three of the twelve had coronary balloon stenosis. The technique consisted of rest perfusion measurement combined with angiography followed by stress perfusion measurement, where the ratio of stress to rest was used to derive coronary flow reserve (CFR). The technique only required two volume scans for perfusion measurement in mL/min/g; hence, four volume scans were acquired in total; two for rest with angiography and two for stress. All rest, stress, and CFR measurements were compared to a previously validated reference technique that employed 20 consecutive volume scans for rest perfusion measurement combined with angiography, and stress perfusion measurement, respectively. The 32 cm diameter volumetric CT dose index ($${\text{CTDI}}_{\text{vol}}^{32}$$

CTDI

vol

32

) and size-specific dose estimate (SSDE) of the low-dose technique were also recorded. All low-dose perfusion measurements (PLOW) in mL/min/g were related to reference perfusion measurements (PREF) through regression by PLOW = 1.04 PREF − 0.08 (r = 0.94, RMSE = 0.32 mL/min/g). The $${\text{CTDI}}_{\text{vol}}^{32}$$

CTDI

vol

32

and SSDE of the low-dose cardiac CT technique were 8.05 mGy and 12.80 mGy respectively, corresponding to an estimated effective dose and size-specific effective dose of 1.8 and 2.87 mSv, respectively. Combined morphological and physiological assessment of coronary artery disease is feasible using a low-dose cardiac CT technique.