bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Micro-politics of Recognition and Care: How Adult Children in Urban China Negotiate Relationships with Emigrant Siblings
Authors: Sun Ken Chih-Yan , Kibria Nazli 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article offers the concept of “economies of recognition” to analyze the moral frames that siblings caring for left-behind parents in China use to negotiate intimate connections to their emigrant brothers and sisters. We argue that the impact of family dislocation on sibling relations is shaped by family members’ co-constructed relational infrastructure. Our findings identify four types of relational infrastructure—collaboration, intrusion/interference, voluntary takeover, and feeling left behind—that mediate the impact of geographic proximity on parental caregiving. We suggest that the interplay between physical distance and elder care is emotionally experienced, interactionally evaluated, and symbolically understood. Understanding solidarity, conflicts, and ambivalence in the contexts of family crisis requires a close examination of how members of a care network attribute each other’s roles and contributions to power symmetry or asymmetry. This explains why the advice, information, money, people, and emotions that are circulated are thought of as helpful resources in some cases but perceived as constraints in others.
Democracy and Demography: Intersectional Dimensions of German Politics
Authors: Ferree Myra Marx 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFeminist theory revealed liberal democracy as gendered masculine in a macrointersectional way that privileged racial-ethnic and economic power, enforced heteronormativity, and constructed gender-binary citizenship. Merely reformed to accommodate women, many brotherhood–breadwinner democracies now face deeper challenges. As the second demographic transition undermines the hegemony of binary gender relations, it reorganizes political conflict on an axis of reproductive politics. Germany’s Green and Alternative für Deutschland parties exemplify opposite ends of this axis. The Green clusters of issues reflect intersectional societal ideals that demasculinize democracy, while reactionary populism repoliticizes masculinity to defend the family–state relations of the breadwinner–brotherhood gender system.
Tree species rather than type of mycorrhizal association drive inorganic and organic nitrogen acquisition in tree–tree interactions
Authors: Reuter Robert , Ferlian Olga , Tarkka Mika , Eisenhauer Nico , Pritsch Karin , Simon Judy 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMycorrhizal fungi play an important role for the nitrogen (N) supply of trees. The influence of different mycorrhizal types on N acquisition in tree–tree interactions is, however, not well understood, particularly with regard to the competition for growth-limiting N. We studied the effect of competition between temperate forest tree species on their inorganic and organic N acquisition in relation to their mycorrhizal type (i.e., arbuscular mycorrhiza or ectomycorrhiza). In a field experiment, we quantified net N uptake capacity from inorganic and organic N sources using 15N/13C stable isotopes for arbuscular mycorrhizal tree species (i.e., Acer pseudoplatanus L., Fraxinus excelsior L., and Prunus avium L.) as well as ectomycorrhizal tree species (i.e., Carpinus betulus L., Fagus sylvatica L., and Tilia platyphyllos Scop.). All species were grown in intra- and interspecific competition (i.e., monoculture or mixture). Our results showed that N sources were not used complementarily depending on a species’ mycorrhizal association, but their uptake rather depended on the competitor, indicating species-specific effects. Generally, ammonium was preferred over glutamine and glutamine over nitrate. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the inorganic and organic N acquisition of the studied temperate tree species is less regulated by mycorrhizal association but rather by the availability of specific N sources in the soil as well as the competitive environment of different tree species.
Alternation between taxonomically divergent hosts is not the major determinant of flavivirus evolution
Authors: Pontremoli Chiara , Forni Diego , Clerici Mario , Cagliani Rachele , Sironi Manuela 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Flaviviruses display diverse epidemiological and ecological features. Tick-borne and mosquito-borne flaviviruses (TBFV and MBFV, respectively) are important human pathogens that alternate replication in invertebrate vectors and vertebrate hosts. The Flavivirus genus also includes insect-specific viruses (ISFVs) and viruses with unknown invertebrate hosts. It is generally accepted that viruses that alternate between taxonomically different hosts evolve slowly and that the evolution of MBFVs and TBFVs is dominated by strong constraints, with limited episodes of positive selection. We exploited the availability of flavivirus genomes to test these hypotheses and to compare their rates and patterns of evolution. We estimated the substitution rates of CFAV and CxFV (two ISFVs) and, by taking into account the time-frame of measurement, compared them with those of other flaviviruses. Results indicated that CFAV and CxFV display relatively different substitution rates. However, these data, together with estimates for single-host members of the Flaviviridae family, indicated that MBFVs do not display relatively slower evolution. Conversely, TBFVs displayed some of lowest substitution rates among flaviviruses. Analysis of selective patterns over longer evolutionary time-frames confirmed that MBFVs evolve under strong purifying selection. Interestingly, TBFVs and ISFVs did not show extremely different levels of constraint, although TBFVs alternate among hosts, whereas ISFVs do not. Additional results showed that episodic positive selection drove the evolution of MBFVs, despite their high constraint. Positive selection was also detected on two branches of the TBFVs phylogeny that define the seabird clade. Thus, positive selection was much more common during the evolution of arthropod-borne flaviviruses than previously thought. Overall, our data indicate that flavivirus evolutionary patterns are complex and most likely determined by multiple factors, not limited to the alternation between taxonomically divergent hosts. The frequency of both positive and purifying selection, especially in MBFVs, suggests that a minority of sites in the viral polyprotein experience weak constraint and can evolve to generate new viral phenotypes and possibly promote adaptation to new hosts.
The Spillover Impact of Index Insurance on Agricultural Investment by Cotton Farmers in Burkina Faso
Authors: Stoeffler Quentin , Carter Michael , Guirkinger Catherine , Gelade Wouter 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper examines whether agricultural insurance can boost investment by small scale farmers in West Africa. It is based on a randomized evaluation designed to analyze the impacts of index insurance for cotton farmers in Burkina Faso. No impact of insurance was found on cotton, but, consistent with microeconomic theory, significant spillover impacts on investment in other agricultural activities were measured. Furthermore, the effects of insurance payouts on farmers hit by a shock confirm the potential of index insurance as a risk-management tool. However, this research uncovers important flaws in the implementation of the project that limited its impact on cotton. Overall, this study suggests a promising role for index insurance in stimulating investment, but also draws attention to key challenges to the efficient delivery of insurance to small farmers. Finally, the study’s hybrid, mixed methods RCT offers lessons for the evaluation of complex interventions where trust, understanding, and timing are all important.
Diagnostic delay in axial spondyloarthritis – a past or current problem?
Authors: Poddubnyy Denis , Sieper Joachim 
Published: April 2021

Purpose of review
To evaluate recent data on diagnostic delay in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), factors affecting the delay, potential ways of early diagnosis improvement, and risks associated with early diagnostic approaches.

Recent findings
Although axSpA can be diagnosed nowadays within the first months after symptom onset, the diagnostic delay remains with several years still remarkably high in many parts of the world. Female gender, human leukocyte antigen-B27 negativity, and younger age at disease onset are among factors associated with a delayed referral to a rheumatologist and consequently with a larger diagnostic delay. Early referral algorithms are helpful in the identification of patients with a high probability of axSpA among patients with chronic back pain. A careful diagnostic evaluation with correct imaging interpretation is required to avoid misdiagnosis of axSpA in patients with unspecific back pain.

Summary
The diagnostic delay is still considerable in axSpA. The ways to early diagnosis in axSpA are well defined. Imaging findings should always be considered in the clinical context to avoid axSpA misdiagnosis.
Clusters of Double Triggering Impact Clinical Outcomes: Insights From the EPIdemiology of Patient-Ventilator aSYNChrony (EPISYNC) Cohort Study
Authors: Sousa Mayson Laérciod e Araújo , Magrans Rudys , Hayashi Fátima K. , Blanch Lluís , Kacmarek Robert M. , Ferreira Juliana C. 
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVES:
To measure the impact of clusters of double triggering on clinical outcomes.

DESIGN:
Prospective cohort study.

SETTING:
Respiratory ICU in Brazil.

PATIENTS:
Adult patients under recent mechanical ventilation and with expectation of mechanical ventilation for more than 24 hours after enrollment.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
We used a dedicated software to analyze ventilator waveforms throughout the entire period of mechanical ventilation and detect double triggering. We defined a cluster of double triggering as a period of time containing at least six double triggering events in a 3-minute period. Patients were followed until hospital discharge. We addressed the association between the presence and the duration of clusters with clinical outcomes. A total of 103 patients were enrolled in the study and 90 (87%) had at least one cluster of double triggering. The median number of clusters per patient was 19 (interquartile range, 6–41), with a median duration of 8 minutes (6–12 min). Compared with patients who had no clusters, patients with at least one cluster had longer duration of mechanical ventilation (7 d [4–11 d] vs 2 d [2–3 d]) and ICU length of stay (9 d [7–16 d] vs 13 d [2–8 d]). Thirty-three patients had high cumulative duration of clusters of double triggering (≥ 12 hr), and it was associated with longer duration of mechanical ventilation, fewer ventilator-free days, and longer ICU length of stay. Adjusted by duration of mechanical ventilation and severity of illness, high cumulative duration of clusters was associated with shorter survival at 28 days (hazard ratio, 2.09 d; 95% CI, 1.04–4.19 d).

CONCLUSIONS:
Clusters of double triggering are common and were associated with worse clinical outcomes. Patients who had a high cumulative duration of clusters had fewer ventilator-free days, longer duration of mechanical ventilation, longer ICU length of stay, and shorter survival than patients with low cumulative duration of cluster.
The Effect of Ultra-slow Velocities on Insertion Forces: A Study Using a Highly Flexible Straight Electrode Array
Authors: Zuniga M. Geraldine , Hügl Silke , Engst Benjamin G. , Lenarz Thomas , Rau Thomas S. 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
The present study sought to 1) characterize insertion forces resulting from a flexible straight electrode array (EA) inserted at slow and ultra-slow insertion velocities, and 2) evaluate if ultra-slow velocities decrease insertion forces independent of other variables.

Background:
Low insertion forces are desirable in cochlear implant (CI) surgery to reduce trauma and preserve hearing. Recently, ultra-slow insertion velocities (lower than manually feasible) have been shown to produce significantly lower insertion forces using other EAs.

Methods:
Five flexible straight EAs were used to record insertion forces into an inelastic artificial scala tympani model. Eleven trial recordings were performed for each EA at five predetermined automated, continuous insertion velocities ranging from 0.03 to 1.6 mm/s.

Results:
An ultra-slow insertion velocity of 0.03 mm/s resulted in a median insertion force of 0.010 N at 20 mm of insertion depth, and 0.026 N at 24.3 mm—the final insertion depth. These forces represent only 24 to 29% of those measured using 1.6 mm/s. After controlling for insertion depth of the EA into the artificial scala tympani model and trial insertion number, decreasing the insertion velocity from 0.4 to 0.03 mm/s resulted in a 50% decrease in the insertion forces.

Conclusion:
Using the tested EA ultra-slow velocities can decrease insertion forces, independent of variables like insertion depth. Our results suggest ultra-slow velocities can reduce insertion forces at least 60%, compared with humanly feasible continuous velocities (≥0.9 mm/s).
Histopathologic Diagnosis Discrepancies Between Preoperative Endoscopic Forceps Biopsies and Specimens Resected by Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection in Superficial Gastric Neoplasms
Authors: Aliaga Ramos Josué , Pedrosa Moises S. , Yoshida Naohisa , Abdul Rani Rafiz , Arantes Vitor N. 
Published: April 2021

Background:
The standard of practice when a superficial lesion was identified during upper GI endoscopy is to take an endoscopic forceps biopsy (EFB) of the lesion. The histopathologic findings then will determine the management plan. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) enables en-bloc resection for early neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract and provides an adequate specimen that permits a more reliable histopathologic assessment. The objective of this study was to determine the rate of histopathologic discrepancy between EFB and specimens resected by ESD, and to identify the predisposing risk factors for this discordance.

Materials and Methods:
This is a retrospective study, enrolling patients with superficial gastric neoplasms that underwent EFB followed by ESD. We divided cases to concordant or discordant group according to the histopathologic diagnosis of EFB and ESD specimens. We also analyzed the features that may have influenced the occurrence of histopathologic discordance and the association between discordant samples of adenocarcinoma and neoplastic invasion to deeper layers.

Results:
A total of 115 gastric ESD procedures were performed with 84 patients meeting the inclusion criteria. Histopathologic discordance between EFB and ESD specimens were observed in 35.8% of cases (30/84 lesions). The univariant-bivariant analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that histologic discordance was closely related to the size of the lesions (P=0.028).

Conclusion:
Histopathologic discrepancy between EFB and ESD specimens may occur in approximately one-third of cases, particularly for lesions over 20 mm, which may lead to crucial delays in gastric cancer precise diagnosis and treatment.
Characterizing a cohort of Egyptian patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure
Authors: El Ray Ahmed , Fouad Rabab , ElMakhzangy Hesham , El Beshlawy Mohammed , Moreau Richard , Sherbiny Mahmoud 
Published: April 2021

Background and Aim
Several studies performed in Western countries and Asia have shown that acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is an acute decompensation of cirrhosis characterized by organ system failures and high short-term mortality. However, the characteristics of Egyptian patients with ACLF have not yet been described. The aim of this study was to assess Egyptian patients with cirrhosis hospitalized for an acute decompensation using criteria and scores developed by the EASL-CLIF Consortium.

Patients and methods
One hundred and twenty patients with acutely decompensated cirrhosis nonelectively admitted to two tertiary hospitals were prospectively included. Ninety-three percent of patients had hepatitis C virus-related liver disease.

Results
Of the 120 patients, 40 had ACLF; of these 45% had ACLF-1, 33% ACLF-2, and the remaining 22% had ACLF-3. None of the patients with ACLF had received direct-antiviral agents (DAAs) while 30% of patients without ACLF were treated with these agents. The prevalence of prior episodes of decompensation was significantly higher in patients with ACLF (60% vs. 28%). The prevalence of precipitating events such as bacterial infection alone or combined with gastrointestinal hemorrhage was higher in patients with ACLF than in those without. Systemic inflammation, assessed with white blood-cell count and plasma C reactive levels, was more intense in ACLF.

Conclusion
Among Egyptian patients with acutely decompensated cirrhosis nonelectively admitted to the hospital, those with ACLF were distinct from those without ACLF, not only by the presence of organ failures, but also the absence DAA therapy, more frequent prior episodes of decompensation, more frequent bacterial infections as a precipitant, and more intense systemic inflammation.
Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Administration at 1 Hour Before 18F-FDG PET Does Not Increase Bone Marrow FDG Accumulation
Authors: Kawabata Kazuna , Hosono Makoto , Tanaka Hiroki , Hyuga Mizuki , Kanagaki Mitsunori 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A 74-year-old man with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT to evaluate the response to chemotherapy. Although granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was incidentally administered 1 hour before FDG administration, bone marrow FDG accumulation did not increase compared with the previous 18F-FDG PET/CT examination without granulocyte colony-stimulating factor administration. The mean SUVmax of 12 thoracic and 5 lumbar vertebrae was 2.55 (range, 2.14–3.36) and 3.19 (range, 2.49–4.28) in the present and previous examinations, respectively.
Utility of 18F–Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen 1007 in Imaging of Tumor Thrombus of Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zeng Yuping , Luo Jiandong , Liao Hengbin , Chen Ping 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A 64-year-old man was referred for 18F–prostate-specific membrane antigen 1007 PET/CT with a suspicion of recurrence and metastases of renal cell carcinoma after the resection of right renal cell carcinoma. The scan showed intense tracer concentration in the inferior vena cava and the right atrium, which was later proven on histopathologic examination as tumor thrombus of renal cell carcinoma. Adding on to previous studies with 18F–prostate-specific membrane antigen 1007 in the primary renal tumor, the case proved that the tumor thrombus of renal cell carcinoma could also show intense tracer concentration and further highlights its utility in renal cell carcinoma.
Noninvasive Detection of Cardiac Amyloid With 11C-Pittsburgh Compound B PET/CT and 99mTc-PYP Scintigraphy
Authors: Wang Xuezhu , Wang Yining , Li Jian , Huo Li , Zhang Shuyang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We report the imaging findings of 2 cases of cardiac amyloidosis, one light chain (AL) type and another transthyretin (ATTR) type. The images showed 11C-Pittsburgh compound B (11C-PIB) uptake in the heart with AL amyloidosis, whereas the ATTR amyloidosis showed 11C-PIB–negative and 99mTc-PYP–positive uptake in the heart. It demonstrated that using 99mTc-PYP scintigraphy and 11C-PIB PET/CT might be able to differentiate these 2 major types of cardiac amyloidosis noninvasively.
Pontixanthobacter rizhaonensis sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from surface seawater of the Yellow Sea, and proposal of Pseudopontixanthobacter gen. nov., Pseudopontixanthobacter confluentis comb. nov. and Pseudopontixanthobacter sediminis comb. nov.
Authors: Liu Ang , Xue Qing-Jie , Li Shi-Gen , Zhang Yan-Jiao 
Published: April 2021

A bacterial strain designated RZ02T was isolated from surface seawater collected from the Yellow Sea in PR China and characterized by polyphasic taxonomy. Cells of strain RZ02T were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive rods forming ochre-pigmented colonies. Growth occurred at 7–36 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 6.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and with 1–5 % (optimum, 2 %) NaCl. The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) of strain RZ02T were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1
ω6c and/or C18 : 1
ω7c), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1
ω7c and/or C16 : 1
ω6c) and C16 : 0. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol and sphingoglycolipid. The genome size of strain RZ02T was 2.79 Mbp with a G+C content of 55.5 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain RZ02T was mostly related to

Pontixanthobacter luteolus

SW-109T and

Pontixanthobacter aestiaquae

HDW-31T (97.3 and 97.1% sequence similarity, respectively), and formed a phyletic lineage with members of the genus

Pontixanthobacter

. The phylogenetic analysis based on the up-to-date bacterial core gene sequences confirmed that strain RZ02T clustered within the genus

Pontixanthobacter

. The average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain RZ02T and

P. luteolus

SW-109T and

P. aestiaquae

HDW-31T were 72.8 and 72.9 % and 18.7 and 18.5%, respectively. Based on these evidences, strain RZ02T is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus

Pontixanthobacter

under the name Pontixanthobacter rizhaonensis sp. nov. The type strain is RZ02T (=KCTC 62828T=MCCC 1K04521T). In addition, based on the results of whole genome analyses, proposals of

Pseudopontixanthobacter

gen. nov., Pseudopontixanthobacter confluentis comb. nov. and Pseudopontixanthobacter sediminis comb. nov. are also included.
Donor genetic variants in interleukin-6 and interleukin-6 receptor associate with biopsy-proven rejection following kidney transplantation
Authors: Poppelaars Felix , Gaya da Costa Mariana , Eskandari Siawosh K. , Damman Jeffrey , Seelen Marc A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRejection after kidney transplantation remains an important cause of allograft failure that markedly impacts morbidity. Cytokines are a major player in rejection, and we, therefore, explored the impact of interleukin-6 (IL6) and IL-6 receptor (IL6R) gene polymorphisms on the occurrence of rejection after renal transplantation. We performed an observational cohort study analyzing both donor and recipient DNA in 1,271 renal transplant-pairs from the University Medical Center Groningen in The Netherlands and associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with biopsy-proven rejection after kidney transplantation. The C-allele of the IL6R SNP (Asp358Ala; rs2228145 A>C, formerly rs8192284) in donor kidneys conferred a reduced risk of rejection following renal transplantation (HR 0.78 per C-allele; 95%-CI 0.67–0.90; P=0.001). On the other hand, the C-allele of the IL6 SNP (at position-174 in the promoter; rs1800795 G>C) in donor kidneys was associated with an increased risk of rejection for male organ donors (HR per C-allele 1.31; 95%-CI 1.08–1.58; P=0.0006), but not female organ donors (P=0.33). In contrast, neither the IL6 nor IL6R SNP in the recipient showed an association with renal transplant rejection. In conclusion, donor IL6 and IL6R genotypes but not recipient genotypes represent an independent prognostic marker for biopsy-proven renal allograft rejection.