bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UniBO @ AMI: A Multi-Class Approach to Misogyny and Aggressiveness Identification on Twitter Posts Using AlBERTo
Authors: Muti Arianna , Barrón-Cedeño Alberto 
Published: May 2021

We describe our participation in the EVALITA 2020 (Basile et al., 2020) shared task on Automatic Misogyny Identification. We focus on task A —Misogyny and Aggressive Behaviour Identification— which aims at detecting whether a tweet in Italian is misogynous and, if so, whether it is aggressive. Rather than building two different models, one for misogyny and one for aggressiveness identification, we handle the problem as one single multi-label classification task, considering three classes: non-misogynous, non-aggressive misogynous, and aggressive misogynous. Our three-class supervised model, built on top of AlBERTo, obtains an overall F1 score of 0.7438 on the task test set (F1 = 0.8102 for the misogyny and F1 = 0.6774 for the aggressiveness task), which outperforms the top submitted model (F1 = 0.7406).1
Jigsaw @ AMI and HaSpeeDe2: Fine-Tuning a Pre-Trained Comment-Domain BERT Model
Authors: Lees Alyssa , Sorensen Jeffrey , Kivlichan Ian 
Published: May 2021

The Google Jigsaw team produced submissions for two of the EVALITA 2020 (Basile et al. 2020) shared tasks, based in part on the technology that powers the publicly available PerspectiveAPI comment evaluation service. We present a basic description of our submitted results and a review of the types of errors that our system made in these shared tasks.
Characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization Potential of COVID-19–Convalescent Donors
Authors: Jahrsdörfer Bernd , Groß Rüdiger , Seidel Alina , Wettstein Lukas , Ludwig Carolin , Schwarz Tatjana , Körper Sixten , Rojewski Markus , Lotfi Ramin , Weinstock Christoph , Seifried Erhard , Corman Victor Max , Drosten Christian , Münch Jan , Schrezenmeier Hubert 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has triggered the development of various SARS-CoV-2 neutralization tests. A wild-type virus (using African green monkey VeroE6 cells), a pseudovirus (using human Caco-2 cells), and a surrogate neutralization test platform were applied to characterize the SARS-CoV-2 neutralization potential of a cohort of 111 convalescent plasma donors over a period of seven months after diagnosis. This allowed an in-depth validation and assay performance analysis of these platforms. More importantly, we found that SARS-CoV-2 neutralization titers were stable or even increased within the observation period, which contradicts earlier studies reporting a rapid waning of Ab titers after three to four months. Moreover, we observed a positive correlation of neutralization titers with increasing age, number of symptoms reported, and the presence of the Rhesus Ag RhD. Validation of the platforms revealed that highest assay performances were obtained with the wild-type virus and the surrogate neutralization platforms. However, our data also suggested that selection of cutoff titers had a strong impact on the evaluation of neutralization potency. When taking strong neutralization potency, as demonstrated by the wild-type virus platform as the gold standard, up to 55% of plasma products had low neutralization titers. However, a significant portion of these products were overrated in their potency when using the surrogate assay with the recommended cutoff titer. In summary, our study demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 neutralization titers are stable for at least seven months after diagnosis and offers a testing strategy for rapid selection of high-titer convalescent plasma products in a biosafety level 1 environment.
Persistence of temperature and precipitation: From local to global anomalies
Authors: Takalo Jouni 
Published: May 2021

ract: Using detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) we find that the all continents are persistent in temperature. The scaling exponents of the southern hemisphere (SH) continents, i.e., South America (α=0.78) and Oceania (0.75) are somewhat higher than scaling exponents of Europe (0.70), Asia (0.69) and North America (0.65), but the scaling of Africa is by far the highest (0.89). The scaling exponents of the precipitation are much smaller, i.e., between 0.54 (Europe) and 0.67 (North America). The scaling exponent of Europe is near the exponent of random Brownian noise, which is 0.5. The other continents are slightly persistent in precipitation. The slopes of the logarithmic power spectra of the continents are in line with the scaling exponents confirming the DFA analysis results. We also show that the persistence is real and not the intrinsic property of the data itself. We find that scaling exponent α, i.e., persistence of the monthly temperature increases when going from local to larger area averages, at least in the case where climate type does not change much. The situation is not so obvious for the monthly precipitation. We also show that the three southernmost climate regions of USA, Ohio Valley, South and Southeast, have smaller scaling exponents for temperature anomalies, and are thus less persistent in temperature than other six climate regions. On the other hand they are slightly more persistent in precipitation that the other regions. The scaling exponents of the monthly temperature anomalies of the latitude zones of land area are 0.71 and 0.68 for the southern zones S44-S24, and S64-S44, respectively. For the northern zones N24-N44, N44-N64 and N64-N90, the scaling exponents are between 0.67-0.70. Interestingly the scaling exponents are extremely high for the equatorial zones S24-EQ and EQ-N24, i. e., 1.02 and 0.95, respectively. The corresponding exponents of the monthly precipitation anomalies are between 0.55-0.61 for other zones than S24-EQ and EQ-N24, which have exponents 0.72 and 0.77, respectively.
Al-Farabi’s philosophy of music “The Legality of Music”
Authors: Nurysheva Gulzhihan , Tercan Nurfer 
Published: May 2021

This article's approach is to acquire Al Farabi's point of view on the philosophy of music. Under the heading of Farabi's music philosophy, we determine that music is not just about art and entertainment. For this reason, he carried the theme to a higher level in terms of science and philosophy with his proof method studies. First of all, we aimed to discover the traces of Farabi's inquiry method from his works. A philosopher and musician, Abu Nasr Al Farabi, wrote on the perfect city, logic, astronomy, linguistics, politics, mathematics, geometry, medicine, optic, philosophy, and music, known as the 'second teacher', the first being Aristotle. This investigation contributes to practical and theoretical music proposing formation in the context of correlation. From this perspective, a musical system's consistency level relies on a sense-perception, a method of relevant indications within other comparable and correlated systems. This inquiry analyzes correlations' modalities, exploring their general and particular attributes and their operational bounds. This article evaluated the description of meaning from one cognitive domain to another mental part, such as from mathematics to music or astronomy or psychology correlated with music science. Approaching music science with dimension and paradigm determined the requirement for detailed music research in science and measurement criteria. His book 'Ihsa', which describes the nature and enumeration of science in philosophy and science classification, was recognized in the Middle Ages. However, 'Musiqa' tops the list of Arab theoretical studies and has had a remarkable impact on later Arab music theory.
Strap Taping for Sports and Rehabilitation
Authors: Keil Anne 
Published: May 2021

Strap Taping for Sports and Rehabilitation presents taping techniques for use on all body areas in both physical therapy and modified athletic training. This easy-to-use reference contains 50 strap taping techniques with Leukotape that help support or control joint mobility and provide greater stability than other methods of taping. Though the text focuses on strap taping for physical therapy, it also includes a variety of sport-related taping and other techniques used in orthopedic rehabilitation. Many of these techniques can also be used or modified for use with neurological and pediatric patients or clients.
Each taping technique is shown step by step through the use of full-color photographs. In addition, an accompanying video collection provides detailed demonstrations of all tape applications. By referring to more than 200 photos and illustrations with video sequences, readers will experience a dynamic and detailed presentation for learning strap taping techniques.
Strap Taping for Sports and Rehabilitation follows a regional approach in presenting appropriate techniques for injuries and other conditions for the ankle and foot; the knee; the cervical, thoracic, and lumbopelvic area; the shoulder; and the elbow, wrist, and hand. The text includes a discussion of the types of tape currently used in treatment and rehabilitation of injuries and presents theories on effectiveness of taping. It also details taping precautions, supplies, and guidelines for application so that readers can be confident they are applying the appropriate taping methods to suit the needs of their patients, clients, and athletes. In addition to an explanation of taping techniques, the text includes photos and illustrations of anatomical references and landmarks. Readers will find reviews of functional range of motion, current evidence on the efficacy of taping, screening tools used in determining the appropriate technique, alternative bracing techniques, and case studies illustrating the benefits of effective taping.
Strap Taping for Sports and Rehabilitation is an excellent resource for both students and professionals in physical therapy, occupational therapy, and athletic training seeking guidance in the proper selection and effective application of strap taping techniques. With full-color photos and video sequences, Strap Taping for Sports and Rehabilitation and the accompanying video collection offer readers a dynamic way to learn and review a range of taping techniques used in treating sport and orthopedic injuries.
Beef cattle methane emissions measured with tracer-ratio and inverse dispersion modelling techniques
Authors: Bai Mei , Velazco José I. , Coates Trevor W. , Phillips Frances A. , Flesch Thomas K. , Hill Julian , Mayer David G. , Tomkins Nigel W. , Hegarty Roger S. , Chen Deli 
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The development and validation of management practices to
mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from livestock require accurate
emission measurements. This study assessed the accuracy of a practical
inverse dispersion modelling (IDM) technique to quantify methane (CH4)
emitted from a small cattle herd (16 animals) confined to a 63 m × 60 m
experimental pen. The IDM technique calculates emissions from the increase
in the CH4 concentration measured downwind of the animals. The measurements
were conducted for 7 d. Two types of open-path (OP) gas sensors were used
to measure concentration in the IDM calculation: a Fourier transform
infrared spectrometer (IDM-FTIR) or a CH4 laser (IDM-Laser). The actual
cattle emission rate was measured with a tracer-ratio technique using
nitrous oxide (N2O) as the tracer gas. We found very good agreement between the
two IDM emission estimates (308.1 ± 2.1 – mean ± SE – and 304.4 ± 8.0 g CH4 head−1 d−1 for the IDM-FTIR and IDM-Laser
respectively) and the tracer-ratio measurements (301.9 ± 1.5 g CH4 head−1 d−1). This study suggests that a practical IDM
measurement approach can provide an accurate method of estimating cattle
emissions.
Literasi Penggunaan Obat Dengan “Tanya Lima O”
Authors: Irfan Ihsanul , Hidayat Deddy Rakhmad 
Published: May 2021

Penggunaan obat yang tidak rasional kerap dilakukan oleh masyarakat yang melakukan diagnosis dan pengobatan sendiri (swamedikasi) sehingga perlu dilakukannya literasi penggunaan obat. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah GeMa CerMat (Gerakan Masyarakat Cerdas Menggunakan Obat) yang memberikan solusi yakni Cerdas Gunakan Obat dengan “Tanya Lima O” untuk meminimalisir pengobatan yang tidak rasional. Metode yang dilakukan oleh tim yakni persiapan untuk mencari tahu permasalahan mitra dan menyiapkan alat maupun media yang diperlukan. Pada pelaksanaan dilakukan pre-test, post-test, penyuluhan penggunaan obat, dan konsultasi obat. Pada evaluasi dilakukan dengan cara membandingkan hasil pre-test dan post-test serta evaluasi dari seluruh rangkaian acara. Hasil evaluasi menggunakan pre-test dan post-test menggunakan soal yang sama, sebanyak 10 soal, diketahui bahwa pada pretest tidak ada satu peserta yang mencapai nilai diatas 60, namun pada saat posttest ada 8 peserta (61,54%) yang mencapai diatas 60. Secara keseluruhan 12 peserta (92,31%) mengalami peningkatan pengetahuan tentang penggunaan obat yang baik dan benar
Nuôi cấy hoạt hóa, tăng sinh tế bào NK trên bệnh nhân ung thư phổi không tế bào nhỏ
Authors: Linh Trần Mai , Linh Nguyễn Quý , Khánh Trần Vân , Thịnh Trần Huy , Văn Tạ Thành 
Published: May 2021

Liệu pháp tế bào miễn dịch tự thân là liệu pháp điều trị kết hợp an toàn và hiệu quả cho nhiều loại ung thư, trong đó có ung thư phổi. Mục tiêu của nghiên cứu là áp dụng quy trình tách chiết, nuôi cấy hoạt hóa tăng sinh tế bào NK trên bệnh nhân ung thư phổi không tế bào nhỏ. Lựa chọn vào nghiên cứu 5 người khỏe mạnh và 5 bệnh nhân ung thư phổi không tế bào nhỏ, thu thập 10ml máu ngoại vi mỗi người, tiến hành tách chiết, nuôi cấy hoạt hóa, tăng sinh, định danh tế bào miễn dịch. Kết quả: nhóm khỏe mạnh, số tế bào ngày đầu (11,74 ±1,50) x 106, tỷ lệ sống 93,6 ± 1,52%. Số tế bào sau 21 ngày nuôi là (11,1 ± 2,4)x108, tỷ lệ sống 78,05 ± 3,5%, trong đó, NK: 62,19 ± 1,51%, số lượng NK tăng sinh 674,93 ± 309,13 lần. Nhóm bệnh nhân, số tế bào ngày đầu (9,88 ± 1,10) x 106, tỷ lệ sống 94,6 ± 0,89%. Số tế bào sau 21 ngày nuôi (9,43 ± 1,08)x108, tỷ lệ sống 80,2 ± 4,6%, trong đó, NK: 59,56 ± 3,43%. Số lượng NK tăng sinh 644,43 ± 298,12 lần, không có sự khác biệt với nhóm khỏe mạnh (p = 0,878).
Kiểu gen và kiểu hình của một số ca bệnh tăng sản thượng thận bẩm sinh thể tích tụ Lipid
Authors: Mai Đỗ Thị Thanh , Dũng Vũ Chí 
Published: May 2021

Tăng sản thượng thận bẩm sinh thể tích tụ lipid (lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia – LCAH) là thể bệnh nặng nhất trong các thể của bệnh tăng sản thượng thận bẩm sinh. Nghiên cứu mô tả đặc điểm kiểu hình (biểu hiện lâm sàng, hóa sinh) và kiểu gen của 5 bệnh nhân được chẩn đoán LCAH tại Bệnh viện Nhi Trung Ương.Trong nghiên cứu có 2 nữ, 3 nam. 4/5 bệnh nhân có biểu hiện suy thượng thận ngay từ sau đẻ, với biểu hiện sạm da và mất muối. 2/3 bệnh nhân nam có ngoại hình nữ, 1/3 bệnh nhân nam có kiểu hình nam bình thường. Xét nghiệm sinh hoá có nồng độ ACTH tăng cao (5/5 bệnh nhân), hạ Natri máu và tăng Kali máu (4/5 bệnh nhân), trong khi nồng độ 17OHP bình thường hoặc thấp (5/5 bệnh nhân). Phân tích phân tử phát hiện đột biến ở gen StAR giúp khẳng định chẩn đoán bệnh tăng sản thượng thận bẩm sinh thể tích tụ lipid – một nguyên nhân hiếm gặp gây suy thượng thận mạn, giúp điều trị hiệu quả và tư vấn di truyền phòng bệnh.
Đánh giá tác dụng chống loét dạ dày – tá tràng của chế phẩm dạ dày Hp Gia Phát trên động vật thực nghiệm
Authors: Tùng Trần Thanh , Ánh Bùi Thị Ngọc , Hiên Đặng Thị Thu 
Published: May 2021

Nghiên cứu được tiến hành nhằm đánh giá tác dụng bảo vệ dạ dày-tá tràng của chế phẩm Dạ dày HP Gia Phát (DDHP) trên mô hình thực nghiệm chuột cống bị gây viêm loét dạ dày- tá tràng do cysteamin. Chuột cống trắng được chia thành 5 lô: lô 1 (chứng sinh học) và lô 2 (mô hình) uống nước cất; lô 3 (ranitidin 50 mg/kg), lô 4 (DDHP liều 6,37 g/kg) và lô 5 (DDHP liều 19,1 g/kg). Chuột ở các lô được uống nước cất, thuốc và mẫu thử liên tục trong thời gian 7 ngày. Vào ngày thứ 7, chuột được uống cysteamin liều 400 mg/kg. Đánh giá tỷ lệ chuột có viêm loét dạ dày-tá tràng, số ổ loét và chỉ số loét trung bình của các lô. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy cysteamin gây loét dạ dày tá tràng ở 100% trên chuột lô mô hình. DDHP cả 2 mức liều làm giảm số ổ loét, chỉ số loét, tổn thương trên dạ dày, tá tràng nhẹ hơn so với lô mô hình. Như vậy, chế phẩm Dạ dày HP Gia Phát có tác dụng bảo vệ viêm loét dạ dày tá tràng do cysteamin gây ra trên thực nghiệm.
The Geology of the Bushveld Igneous Complex, the Largest Repository of Magmatic Ore Deposits in the World
Authors: Willemse J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Compared with other layered intrusions, the Bushveld Complex occupies an area about 26,000 square miles in extent.
The Complex consists essentially of five adjoining, basin-shaped masses of igneous-rocks. The outline of the whole mass is accordingly lobulate. The Bushveld episode was evidently initiated by the outpouring of andesitic lava on three occasions, and of agglomerate and tuff on one occasion, during the deposition of the Transvaal System.
Sills of diabase in the Transvaal System represent the first intrusive phase of the Complex.
The Epicrustal rocks, so-called because they formed close to and at surface, include felsite, granophyre, microgranite and leptite. Their combined thickness in places of more than 15,000 feet indicates an extraordinary thick roof for the mafic and ultramafic rocks, which constitute the Layered Sequence.
The total thickness of the exposed Layered Sequence in the Eastern Transvaal is now placed at 25,000 feet. The mineral and chemical variation upward in the succession is towards enrichment in iron rather than in alkalis, although felspathization of the roof rocks is also recognized. The textural relationships of the minerals in the gabbroic rocks suggest that considerable change took place after cumulation, but still during consolidation. Rhythmic and phase layering is very pronounced; cryptic layering is indicated to some extent by the ferromagnesian constituents, but not much by the feldspars.
Whereas the Main Zone of the Layered Sequence was always considered to be rather uniform in composition, being largely gabbro and norite, it can now be subdivided according to certain marker horizons.
A wide range in composition of ultramafic pegmatoids is indicated. They are transgressive to the layering.
The transgressive character of the Layered Sequence to the encircling sedimentary rocks is emphasized and is considered to be due to funnel intrusion, perhaps at more than one center.
The correspondence in the layering in areas some 200 miles apart presents a major problem. However, the effect of turbidity currents on a crystal mush accumulated at the margin of a gently dipping basin should receive serious consideration. To explain the very large volume of the Bushveld granite one has to think in terms of anatexis of the Epicrustal and the sedimentary rocks.
The magmatic ore deposits comprise: chromite in the lower layered sequence; platinum in the Merensky Reef, which is a layered pegmatoid, and in hortonolite dunite pipes; vanadiferous magnetite in seams in the upper layered sequence and in plugs; copper and nickel in the Merensky Reef and in bronzitite pipes; tin and fluorspar in the granite and the roof rocks; telemagmatic ores of lead, zinc, fluorspar and gold in the encircling sedimentary rocks.
The Chromite Mineralization of the Vourinos Ophiolitic Complex, Northern Greece
Authors: Zachos K. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A large autochthonous ophiolitic complex with intrusive contacts occurs in Northern Greece with a well exposed sequence of rocks ranging from olivinites to pillow lavas. The abundant chromite mineralization of podiform and schlieren type deposits is related to late injections of chromite-bearing dunite during the solidification of the ultramafic magma.
Phase Relations in the Cu-Fe-Ni-S System and Their Application to Magmatic Ore Deposits
Authors: Craig J. R. , Kullerud G. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The phase relations in the Cu-Fe-Ni-S system are discussed in the light of experimental results from liquidus temperatures to below 550° C. Although liquidus temperatures vary greatly throughout the system, beginning of melting of a typical ore composition (1.5% Cu, 4.5% Ni, 38.5% S, 55.5% Fe) was found to occur at 1,105° C. Magnetite lowers the beginning-of-melting temperature to 1,019° C. In contrast, water influences the beginning-of-melting temperature by less than 20° C.
Under conditions encountered in typical massive Ni-Cu sulfides fractionation leading to formation of a Cu-enriched liquid is possible only above 850° C. Ni enrichment in a liquid phase is not encountered below 1,000° C except under sulfur pressure conditions much lower than those encountered in typical Ni-Cu ores.
The bulk compositions of Ni-Cu sulfide ores commonly lie within the confines of a quaternary monosulfide solid solution at temperatures above 500° C. This suggests that such ores formed a homogenous phase at the time of their emplacement. Cooling below 600° C may result in exsolution of chalcopyrite and/or pyrite or chalcopyrite and/or pentlandite depending on sulfur pressure. The commonly observed pentlandite +pyrite assemblage is stable only well below 300° C and cannot crystallize directly from a Cu-Fe-Ni sulfide melt.
The absence of natural analogues even of a ternary (Fe,Ni)1–xS monosulfide solid solution and the frequent occurrence of monoclinic pyrrhotite and the pyrite + pentlandite assemblage indicate low-temperature reequilibration of mineral assemblages and mineral compositions subsequent to original emplacement which may have occurred at or near liquidus temperatures. Such reequilibration negates usage of the pyrrhotite-pyrite geothermometer in magmatic Ni-Cu ores.
The present study offers a new view of the paragenesis of Ni-Cu ores and demonstrates that the observed mineral assemblages may be explained in terms of phase changes occurring in a system of isochemical bulk composition in response to decreasing temperature.
The Other Diaspora: Measuring Assimilation Among Polish Gay Men in Chicago
Authors: Izienicki Hubert 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Migration scholars have traditionally used four measures to assess immigrants’ level of assimilation in the United States: socioeconomic status, spatial concentration, language assimilation, and intermarriage. However, for immigrant sexual minorities, some of these measures have been historically problematic; for example, intermarriage is a limited measure of assimilation given the barriers to legal marriage. In this study, I examine the validity of each measure as it pertains to gay men immigrants and propose gay community attachment as an additional measure of assimilation. Drawing on twenty-three in-depth interviews with Chicago Polish gay immigrant men, I find that on the measures of socioeconomic status and language assimilation, the men tend to do well when compared with native populations. However, the measures of intermarriage and spatial concentration tended to capture the complex experiences of gay immigrant men less adequately, especially as these men simultaneously navigated ethnic and sexual communities. As such, I examine individuals’ relationships to both of these communities to gain a more accurate measure of assimilation.