bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Closing the protein gap in plant chronobiology
Authors: Mehta Devang , Krahmer Johanna , Uhrig R. Glen 
Published: March 2021

SUMMARYOur modern understanding of diel cell regulation in plants stems from foundational work in the late 1990s that analysed the dynamics of selected genes and mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana. The subsequent rise of transcriptomics technologies such as microarrays and RNA sequencing has substantially increased our understanding of anticipatory (circadian) and reactive (light‐ or dark‐triggered) diel events in plants. However, it is also becoming clear that gene expression data fail to capture critical events in diel regulation that can only be explained by studying protein‐level dynamics. Over the past decade, mass spectrometry technologies and quantitative proteomic workflows have significantly advanced, finally allowing scientists to characterise diel protein regulation at high throughput. Initial proteomic investigations suggest that the diel transcriptome and proteome generally lack synchrony and that the timing of daily regulatory events in plants is impacted by multiple levels of protein regulation (e.g., post‐translational modifications [PTMs] and protein–protein interactions [PPIs]). Here, we highlight and summarise how the use of quantitative proteomics to elucidate diel plant cell regulation has advanced our understanding of these processes. We argue that this new understanding, coupled with the extraordinary developments in mass spectrometry technologies, demands greater focus on protein‐level regulation of, and by, the circadian clock. This includes hitherto unexplored diel dynamics of protein turnover, PTMs, protein subcellular localisation and PPIs that can be masked by simple transcript‐ and protein‐level changes. Finally, we propose new directions for how the latest advancements in quantitative proteomics can be utilised to answer outstanding questions in plant chronobiology.
Economist as public intellectual: Max Corden’s journey through life
Authors: Athukorala Prema‐chandra , Hill Hal , Jayasuriya Sisira 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the intellectual contributions of Professor W. M. (‘Max’) Corden to Economics. We focus on three main fields: trade theory and practice, especially his pioneering work on the theory of effective protection; open economy macroeconomics, including exchange rate policy, the international monetary system, Dutch Disease and economic crises; and Australian economic policy. We emphasise Max's motivation for working on these topics, as he sought to understand real‐world economic issues and challenges and to employ economic theory and expositional clarity in search of policy reform. We also draw attention to his personal life history, and how it has shaped his thinking on major economic and political questions.
Effect of light exposure on growth rate of veterinary clinical dermatophyte isolates
Authors: Elwart Olivia E. , Pieper Jason B. , Oh Soon‐Hwan , Wilcoxen Travis E. , Hoyer Lois L. 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundVeterinary textbooks and literature suggest that exposure to light is inhibitory to growth of clinical dermatophyte isolates.Hypothesis/objectivesWe hypothesized that this idea was derived from experiments that examined the effect of high doses of ultraviolet and visible light exposure on dermatophyte growth, and that exposure to typical room lighting would not adversely affect dermatophyte growth rate.Methods and materialsIsolates of common veterinary dermatophytes (three each of Microsporum canis, Nannizia gypsea and Trichophyton benhamiae) were exposed to typical fluorescent room lighting, incubated in a closed drawer, or exposed at close range to fluorescent wide‐spectrum light. Dermatophytes were grown on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SAB) and Dermatophyte Test Medium (DTM). Colony diameter was measured and growth rate (expressed as colony diameter increase mm/day) calculated at the linear portion of the culture growth curve. Statistical analyses compared growth rates across the various incubation conditions and among dermatophyte isolates.ResultsThere was little difference in growth rate between cultures incubated under typical fluorescent room lighting and those placed in the dark. Exposure to the close‐range light increased growth rate as a consequence of the elevated incubation temperature created by the lamp. Significant differences in growth rate were noted among strains of the same dermatophyte species. Dermatophytes grew more rapidly on SAB than DTM agar.Conclusions and clinical relevanceExposure to typical lighting conditions in a clinical environment does not inhibit growth of dermatophyte colonies. Veterinary clinicians may conduct routine dermatophyte cultures without incubating them in the dark.
Administration of 3% Sodium Chloride Through Peripheral Intravenous Access: Development and Implementation of a Protocol for Clinical Practice
Authors: Jannotta Gemi E. , Gulek Bernice G. , Dempsey John S. , Blissitt Patricia A. , Sullivan Helen C. , Tran Kim , Joffe Aaron , Lele Abhijit V. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients with traumatic brain injury, cerebral edema, and severe hyponatremia require rapid augmentation of serum sodium levels. Three percent sodium chloride is commonly used to normalize or augment serum sodium level, yet there are limited data available concerning the most appropriate route of administration. Traditionally, 3% sodium chloride is administered through a central venous catheter (CVC) due to the attributed theoretical risk of phlebitis and extravasation injuries when hyperosmolar solution is administered peripherally. CVCs are associated with numerous complications, including arterial puncture, pneumothorax, infection, thrombosis, and air embolus. Peripherally infused 3% sodium chloride may bypass these concerns.AimsTo explore the evidence for peripherally infused 3% sodium chloride and to implement the findings.MethodsThe Iowa Model of Evidence‐Based Practice (EBP) was used to guide the project. A multidisciplinary team was established, and they developed an evidence‐based protocol for the administration of 3% sodium chloride using peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVs), identified potential barriers to implementation, and developed targeted education to implement this practice change in a large academic medical center.ResultsOf the 103 patients in this project, only three (2.9%) identified adverse events. Two were associated with continuous infusions, and one was associated with a bolus infusion.Linking Action to EvidenceThis is the first study to describe a multidisciplinary protocol development and implementation process for the administration of 3% sodium chloride peripherally. Utilizing a multidisciplinary team is critical to the success of an EBP project. Implementing an evidence‐based PIV protocol with stringent monitoring criteria for the administration of 3% sodium chloride has the potential to reduce adverse events related to CVC injury.
Failure Mechanisms of the Wellbore Mechanical Barrier Systems: Implications for Well Integrity
Authors: Ahmed Shawgi , Salehi Saeed 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Energy sustainability is the main motive behind the evolution of the concept of well integrity in the oil and gas industry. The concept of well integrity adopts technical, operational, environmental, organizational, and safety measurements to secure the energy supply throughout the life of the well. Technically, a high quality well performance can be maintained by establishing robust barrier systems that are responsible for preventing, controlling, and mitigating potential risks that could arise during the well life cycle. A barrier system is conventionally nested from one or multiple elements that act individually or collectively to scaffold the well integrity. The protection layers in a wellbore can be lost if the integrity of the barrier system is compromised according to the failure of one or all of its elements. Failure can be triggered by technical or non-technical factors. In this study, technical aspects that drive barrier failure mechanisms have given more emphasis. The failure mechanisms of the key mechanical barrier systems, such as casing strings, cement, diverters, blowout preventers (BOPs), production stream valves, and seal assemblies, have been thoroughly investigated. In this study, a comprehensive review of barriers failure mechanisms has been conducted to identify the roots of failures and to outline some of the essential safety measures adopted to avoid the loss of well control. The major findings of this paper revealed that well barrier systems are highly susceptible to failure in unconventional reservoirs, deep and ultra-deep offshore wells, and geothermal wells. The predominant failures identified are casing collapse resulting from cyclic loads, cement percolation by gas migration, cement carking by hoop stress, BOPs wear and tear promoted by frequent tests, and elastomeric materials disintegration caused by acidic gases. Considering these failure mechanisms while designing a wellbore can help the engineers improve the construction quality. In addition, it can assist the operation and maintenance crews in optimizing safe operation boundaries.
Multi-Objective Optimization of Thermo-Ecological Criteria-Based Performance Parameters of Reheat and Regenerative Braysson Cycle
Authors: Chandramouli R. , Ravi Kiran Sastry G. , Gugulothu S. K. , Srinivasa Rao M. S. S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The reheat and regenerative Braysson cycle being an alternative for combined cycle power plants needs to be optimized for its efficient utilization of energy resources. Therefore, to obtain the best possible overall pressure ratio, regenerator effectiveness, and pressure ratio across multistage compression in order to simultaneously maximize exergy efficiency, nondimensional power density (NDPD), and ecological coefficient of performance (ECOP) for three different maximum temperature situations, multi-objective optimization of the above cycle is carried out using nondominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II). The optimal solutions given by the Pareto frontier are further assessed through widely used decision makers namely LINMAP, TOPSIS, and Bellman–Zadeh techniques. The optimal solutions attained by the decision-making process are further evaluated for their deviation from the nonideal and ideal solutions. The optimal solution obtained through TOPSIS possesses the minimum deviation index. Finally, the results are authenticated by performing an error analysis. Such optimal scenarios achieved for the three maximum temperatures are further analysed to achieve the final objective of the most optimal solution which happens to be at 1200 K. The simultaneous optimization of performance parameters which reflect the thermo-ecological criteria to be satisfied by a power plant has resulted in values of 0.479, 0.327, and 0.922 for exergy efficiency, nondimensional power density, and ecological coefficient of performance, respectively. These optimized performance parameters are obtained for an overall pressure ratio of 7.5, regenerator effectiveness of 0.947, and pressure ratio across multistage compression of 1.311.
Experimental Validation of Transient Spectral Finite Element Simulation Tools Dedicated to Guided Wave-Based Structural Health Monitoring
Authors: Mesnil Olivier , Recoquillay Arnaud , Druet Tom , Serey Valentin , Hoang Huu Tinh , Imperiale Alexandre , Demaldent Edouard 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In guided wave structural health monitoring (GW-SHM), a strong need for reliable and fast simulation tools has been expressed throughout the literature to optimize SHM systems or demonstrate performance. Even though guided wave simulations can be conducted with most finite elements software packages, computational and hardware costs are always prohibitive for large simulation campaigns. A novel SHM module has been recently added to the civa software and relies on unassembled high-order finite elements to overcome these limitations. This article focuses on the thorough validation of civa for SHM to identify the limits of the models. After introducing the key elements of the civa SHM solution, a first validation is presented on a stainless steel pipe representative of the oil and gas industry. Second, validation is conducted on a composite panel with and without stiffener representative of some structures in the aerospace industry. Results show a good match between the experimental and simulated datasets, but only if the input parameters are fully determined before the simulations.
Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics and Discrete Element Method Coupling for Influence of Hexagonal Boron Nitride Lubricant Particle on Friction of Elastic Coarse-Grained Micronscale Iron
Authors: Sang Le Van , Yano Akihiko , Osaka Ai I. , Sugimura Natsuko , Washizu Hitoshi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The present study uses the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) and discrete element method (DEM) coupling to investigate influence of the hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) particles on friction of the elastic coarse-grained micronscale iron. The hBN lubricant particles significantly improve the friction performance of iron in various simulation behaviors. The particle size, the air/water background containing the particles, and its temperature result in reduction of the friction coefficient. The surface mending, the protective film, and the energy dissipation are the main mechanisms related to the friction reduction. Additionally, it is worthy to note that the static friction and the kinetic friction can be clearly observed by this elastic coarse-graining.
Predictors of progression in untreated keratoconus: a Save Sight Keratoconus Registry study
Authors: Ferdi Alex , Nguyen Vuong , Kandel Himal , Tan Jeremy C K , Arnalich-Montiel Francisco , Abbondanza Marco , Watson Stephanie 
Published: March 2021

AimsWe set out to identify risk factors for progression in untreated keratoconus patients from 34 centres across Australia, New Zealand, Spain and Italy.MethodsPatients were divided into ‘progressors’ and ‘stable’ patients for each clinical parameter: visual acuity (VA), steepest keratometry (maximum keratometry (Max-K)) and thinnest corneal thickness (TCT). Primary outcomes were the proportion of eyes with sustained progression in VA, Max-K or TCT within 3 years. Secondary outcomes included predictors of progression.ResultsThere were 3994 untreated eyes from 2283 patients. The proportion of eyes with VA, Max-K and TCT progression at 1 year were 3.2%, 6.6% and 3.1% respectively. Factors associated with VA loss were higher baseline VA (HR 1.15 per logMAR line increase in VA; p<0.001) and steeper baseline Max-K (HR 1.07 per 1D increase; p<0.001). Younger baseline age was associated with Max-K steepening (HR 0.96 per year older; p=0.001). Thicker baseline TCT, steeper baseline Max-K and younger baseline age were associated with TCT thinning: (HR 1.08 per 10 µm increase in TCT; p<0.001), (HR 1.03 per 1D increase; p=0.02) and (HR 0.98 per year younger; p=0.01), respectively.ConclusionsSteeper Max-K and younger age were the most clinically useful baseline predictors of progression as they were associated with worsening of two clinical parameters. Every 1D steeper Max-K was associated with a 7% and 3% greater risk of worsening VA and thinning TCT, respectively. Each 1 year younger was associated with a 4% and 2% greater risk of steepening Max-K and thinning TCT, respectively.
Transparency of results reporting for depression treatment studies in ClinicalTrials.gov: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Schmaling Karen B , Landon Hailey S , Nguyen Tiffany B , Kaplan Robert M 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesDepression affects an estimated 7% of the adult population at an estimated cost of over US$200 billion/year in the USA. Complete, transparent reporting of clinical trial data facilitates valid estimates of treatment efficacy. In the USA, ClinicalTrials.gov increases transparency through mandatory prospective trial registration and outcome reporting. We examined characteristics of the transparent reporting of depression treatment studies registered in ClinicalTrials.gov.DesignCross sectional.Setting and participantsUS-based studies identified in a search of ClinicalTrials.gov with depression as the condition, enrolling ages 18 and older, and completed between 1 January 2008 and 1 May 2019.InterventionsAll interventions were included.Main outcomes and measuresThe main outcome was whether any results were reported prior to 1 May 2020. Data were extracted regarding inclusion and exclusion criteria, publications related to the study and specification of hypotheses.Results725 studies involving 156 634 patients met inclusion criteria. 416 (57.4%) of the studies posted some results. However, statistical test results were not included in 230 studies (55.3%). Most studies had data that could have been analysed and reported. Compared with studies without results, studies with any results were more likely to have hypotheses, include drug treatment conditions, and to have publications related to the study.ConclusionsRequired study registration does not always result in transparent outcome reporting. Better compliance with mandated reporting and improved reporting standards would facilitate a more comprehensive representation of depression treatment research.
Civil–military cooperation in the early response to the COVID-19 pandemic in six European countries
Authors: Gad Mohamed , Kazibwe J , Quirk E , Gheorghe A , Homan Z , Bricknell M 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has presented many countries with significant health system and economic challenges. The role of civil–military cooperation in a health crisis of the magnitude presented by COVID-19 remains virtually unexplored. This review aims to detect and identify typologies, if any, of associations between security or military systems and the national response measures during the COVID-19, as adopted by six European countries during the early phase of the outbreak (January to March 2020).MethodsWe designed a structured qualitative literature review (qualitative evidence synthesis), primarily targeting open-source grey literature using a customised Google web search. Our target countries were UK, France, Spain, Italy, Belgium and Sweden. We employed a ‘best fit’ framework synthesis approach in qualitative analysis of the result records.ResultsA total of 277 result records were included in our qualitative synthesis, with an overall search relevance yield of 46%. We identified 19 distinct descriptive categories of civil–military cooperation extending across seven analytical themes. Most prominent themes included how military support was incorporated in the national COVID-19 response, including support to national health systems, military repatriation and evacuation, and support to wider public systems.ConclusionFindings of this review show the significance of military systems in supporting an expansive response during the COVID-19 pandemic, and our proposed methodological approach for capturing military health data in a reproducible manner and providing a comparative view on common types of interventions provided by civil–military cooperation to inform lessons from the use of military capacities during current COVID-19 outbreak.
Prevalence of depression and anxiety in people with inflammatory bowel disease and associated healthcare use: population-based cohort study
Authors: Irving Peter , Barrett Kevin , Nijher Monica , de Lusignan Simon 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has a significant impact on quality of life for many people.ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of common mental health conditions in IBD and the combined impact of IBD and mental health conditions on healthcare use and time off work.MethodsA UK population-based primary care database (Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre) was used to identify adults with IBD (n=19 011) (Crohn’s disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC)), and matched controls (n=76 044). Prevalences of anxiety, depressive episodes and depressive disorder recorded in primary care were assessed between 2016 and 2018. Outcomes comprised of rates of primary care visits, emergency secondary care visits, certificates for time off work, antidepressant and anxiolytic prescriptions.FindingsMental health conditions were more common in people with CD than controls: anxiety episodes (3.5% vs 3.0%; p=0.02), depressive episodes (5.7% vs 4.1%; p<0.001) and depressive disorder (17.5% vs 12.9%; p<0.001), and people with UC versus controls: depressive episodes (4.4% vs 3.6%; p<0.001) and depressive disorder (14.2% vs 12.4%; p<0.001). Healthcare utilisation rates were higher in people with IBD than controls (primary care visits incidence rate ratio 1.47 (95% CI 1.43 to 1.51); emergency secondary care visits 1.87 (1.79 to 1.95); fitness for work certificates 1.53 (1.44 to 1.62); antidepressant use 1.22 (1.13 to 1.32); anxiolytic use 1.20 (1.01 to 1.41)). In people with IBD, mental health conditions were associated with additional increases in healthcare use and time off work.ConclusionDepression and anxiety are more common in people with IBD than matched controls. Healthcare utilisation and prescribing of psychotropic medications are also higher in people with IBD. Mental health conditions in people with IBD are associated with additional healthcare use and time off work.Clinical implicationsEvidence-based mental health support programmes, including psychological treatments, are needed for people with IBD.
Large-size sub-keV sensitive germanium detectors for the CONUS experiment
Authors: Bonet H. , Bonhomme A. , Buck C. , Fülber K. , Hakenmüller J. , Heusser G. , Hugle T. , Legras J. B. , Lindner M. , Maneschg W. , Marian V. , Rink T. , Schröder T. , Strecker H. , Wink R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntense fluxes of reactor antineutrinos offer a unique possibility to probe the fully coherent character of elastic neutrino scattering off atomic nuclei. In this regard, detectors face the challenge to register tiny recoil energies of a few keV at the maximum. TheConusexperiment was installed in 17.1 m distance from the reactor core of the nuclear power plant in Brokdorf, Germany, and was designed to detect this neutrino interaction channel by using four 1 kg-sized point contact germanium detectors with sub-keV energy thresholds. This report describes the unique specifications addressed to the design, the research and development, and the final production of these detectors. It demonstrates their excellent electronic performance obtained during commissioning under laboratory conditions as well as during the first 2 years of operation at the reactor site which started on April 1, 2018. It highlights the long-term stability of different detector parameters and the achieved background levels of the germanium detectors inside theConusshield setup.