bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A preconception intervention targeted at women with modifiable risk factors before pregnancy to improve outcomes; protocol for the Get Ready! feasibility trial
Authors: Flynn Angela C. , Pryke Emma , Wadhera Monal , Poston Lucilla , White Sara L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
The health of a woman before conception not only influences the outcome of her pregnancy but also the lifelong health of mother and child. Many women in the UK are inadequately prepared for pregnancy, with reports of a high prevalence of smoking, low folic acid supplement use, and suboptimal diet and physical activity. Get Ready! will link an online digital tool to identify women planning pregnancy most at risk of complications with a personalised intervention to improve health behaviours and biomarkers of metabolic health.

Methods
Women planning pregnancy will be identified from a free and widely used online preconception tool. A short online screening questionnaire will then be used to recruit women considered to be at high metabolic risk. Eligibility criteria include resident in the UK, age > 18–< 50 years, BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2 (South Asian) or ≥ 25 kg/m2 (all other ethnicities), and plus one or more of the following: 1st degree relative with type 2 diabetes, previous gestational diabetes (GDM), previous baby > 4 kg, or high risk ethnicity for GDM. Eligible women who consent to participate will be enrolled in a commercially available preconception intervention (Prepare Plans, LiveSmart UK Ltd). Following an online health assessment and home blood test, women will be provided with individualised lifestyle advice and coaching by dietitians. Process evaluation will provide an assessment of implementation of the intervention. Change in health behaviours and biomarkers of metabolic health will also be examined.

Discussion
Suboptimal health behaviours amongst women planning pregnancy are widely prevalent in the UK. Personalised health checks and coaching are especially important for women at risk of pregnancy complications. Get Ready! introduces a novel approach to identifying high risk women planning pregnancy and provision of a targeted intervention.

Registration
Trial sponsor: King’s College London.
Unsanitized and Unfair: How COVID-19 Bailout Funds Refuel Inequity in the US Health Care System
Authors: Grogan Colleen M. , Lin Yu-An , Gusmano Michael K. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Context: The CARES Act of 2020 allocated provider relief funds to hospitals and other providers. We investigate whether these funds were distributed in a way that responded fairly to COVID-19–related medical and financial need. The US health care system is bifurcated into the “haves” and “have nots.” The health care safety net hospitals, which were already financially weak, cared for the bulk of COVID-19 cases. In contrast, the “have” hospitals suffered financially because their most profitable procedures are elective and were postponed during the COVID-19 outbreak.
Methods: To obtain relief fund data for each hospital in the United States, we started with data from the HHS website. We use the RAND Hospital Data tool to analyze how fund distributions are associated with hospital characteristics.
Findings: Our analysis reveals that the “have” hospitals with the most days of cash on hand received more funding per bed than hospitals with fewer than 50 days of cash on hand (the “have nots”).
Conclusions: Despite extreme racial inequities, which COVID-19 exposed early in the pandemic, the federal government rewards those hospitals that cater to the most privileged in the United States, leaving hospitals that predominantly serve low-income people of color with less.
Histone variants at a glance
Authors: Talbert Paul B. , Henikoff Steven 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Eukaryotic nucleosomes organize chromatin by wrapping 147 bp of DNA around a histone core particle comprising two molecules each of histone H2A, H2B, H3 and H4. The DNA entering and exiting the particle may be bound by the linker histone H1. Whereas deposition of bulk histones is confined to S-phase, paralogs of the common histones, known as histone variants, are available to carry out functions throughout the cell cycle and accumulate in post-mitotic cells. Histone variants confer different structural properties on nucleosomes by wrapping more or less DNA or by altering nucleosome stability. They carry out specialized functions in DNA repair, chromosome segregation and regulation of transcription initiation, or perform tissue-specific roles. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we briefly examine new insights into histone origins and discuss variants from each of the histone families, focusing on how structural differences may alter their functions.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Fracture at a Polymer and Metal Oxide Joining Interface
Authors: Kinjo Tomoyuki , Yoneyama Hiroaki , Umemoto Kazuhiko 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations are used to study the fracture mechanism of the joining interface of a polymer and metal oxide. A polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) layer is sandwiched between two plates of aluminum oxide and one of the plates is pulled to simulate fracture under tensile force. The stress-strain curve for the polymer-metal interface is similar in shape to the stress-strain curve for constant cross-sectional strain in bulk PPS. In the simulations, fracture of the polymer-metal joint is initiated by the formation of small voids inside the polymer layer, which occurs at the yield point of the polymer-metal interface. Annealing prior to tensile loading is determined to enhance the joint strength.
Analisi delle dimensioni culturali e della cortesia linguistica presente nell’articolo La macchina del fango di Umberto Eco
Authors: Natale Edoardo 
Published: March 2021

L'articolo intende analizzare il concetto di dimensione culturale proveniente dal quadro della comunicazione interculturale nell'ambito del lavoro teorico di Geert Hofstede e il concetto di cortesia linguistica di Brown e Levinson. L'articolo analizza un articolo di Umberto Eco raccolto dal sito del settimanale Espresso nell'ottobre 2015. Lo scopo dell'articolo è quello di spiegare il meccanismo sottostante della macchina del fango all'interno del sistema mediatico italiano. L'originalità di questo lavoro consiste nell'utilizzare il concetto di dimensioni culturali utilizzato nell'ambito sociologico così come il concetto di faccia della cortesia linguistica applicato a un testo letterario. In conclusione, questo articolo vorrebbe offrire uno strumento interpretativo utile per descrivere alcune questioni ancora valide sulla realtà culturale e politica dell'Italia. L'intento è capire quali dimensioni culturali e faccia come concetto sono coinvolti in questo articolo.
O LUGAR DA CIDADANIA NO CAPITALISMO COMUNICATIVO
Authors: Sartoretto Paola Madrid 
Published: March 2021

Esse artigo discute como a participação cidadã na política através da ação comunicativa pode ser analisada a partir de uma apreciação crítica do conceito de capitalismo comunicativo. Não obstante sua contribuição para a análise crítica da participação política em ambientes digitais, capitalismo comunicativo tem um caráter midiacêntrico e um viés etnocêntrico. Essas características limitam a aplicabilidade do conceito em análises das possibilidades de ação cidadã no contexto da comodificação da comunicação. Propõe-se então a cidadania comunicativa como um conceito que complementa as limitações do capitalismo comunicativo.
Usucapião extrajudicial: viabilidade e eficácia da regularização do imóvel usucapiendo
Authors: Barreto Ralph Da Silva , Souza Frank Pavan de , Castro Bianca Gomes da Silva Muylaert Monteiro de , Alves Luiz Victor Monteiro 
Published: March 2021

A usucapião extrajudicial apresenta-se como uma forma de aquisição originária da propriedade imóvel requerida diretamente no Registro de Imóveis. Sua importância é a aplicabilidade da regularização de imóveis pela via extrajudicial, haja vista a posse, por aqueles que a detêm, por lapso temporal suficientemente exigido pela lei em face da prescrição aquisitiva dos detentores de direitos reais registrados ou averbados na matrícula do imóvel usucapiendo. Por muito tempo, o procedimento da usucapião era tido como um dos mais dificultosos procedimentos especiais descritos pelo antigo Código de Processo Civil (1973). Hodiernamente, com o advento do Novo CPC (2015), há uma nova perspectiva para a regularização de imóveis. Esse procedimento extrajudicial é mais simples e mais rápido que uma ação de usucapião, eis que ações judiciais de usucapião costumam durar vários anos. O NCPC introduziu na Lei de Registro Público (LRP) o Art. 216-A viabilizando a aplicabilidade do procedimento extrajudicial. A Lei n° 13.465/2017 concedeu nova redação ao mencionado artigo. E, posteriormente, o Conselho Nacional de Justiça (CNJ) trouxe diretrizes com o Provimento n° 65, regulamentando o procedimento nos cartórios. O reconhecimento extrajudicial da usucapião torna-se uma das inovações mais importante introduzidas no Direito Imobiliário e Registral Brasileiro, com a vigência do Novo Código de Processo Civil/2015. A metodologia teve por base pesquisas descritivas, bibliográficas e entrevistas. Neste sentido, o objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar a viabilidade e eficácia da regularização do imóvel usucapiendo por meio da usucapião extra judicial. O método científico utilizado foi o hipotético dedutivo e a abordagem da pesquisa foi qualitativa, por meio de textos científicos, leis e conteúdos publicados em sites oficiais. Ao final, concluiu-se que a usucapião extrajudicial introduzida no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro é hábil a produzir efeitos práticos em prol do usucapiente.
Manifestações clínicas presentes na doença de Niemann-pick tipo C em diferentes faixas etárias: uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Silva Barbara Beatriz Lira da , Alves Ana Klara Rodrigues , Pereira Raquel De Brito , Alves Ana Karla Rodrigues , Teixeira Kelly Sivocy Sampaio 
Published: March 2021

A doença de Niemann-Pick (DNP) é um distúrbio raro, de armazenamentolisossômico ou de acumulação. É considera uma doença grave e possui três tipos principais: A, B e C. Esse estudo visa analisar se a apresentação de manifestações clínicas em determinada faixa etária do tipo C da doença influencia na melhora do diagnóstico e no prognóstico do paciente. O presente estudo utiliza como método a revisão integrativa da literatura, realizado através de uma busca na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS) nas bases de dados da Medline, Pubmed e Scielo (Scientific Electronic Library Online) usando os cruzamentos dos descritores “Doença de Niemann-Pick”, “Recém-nascidos”. O espectro clínico varia de uma doença pré-natal fatal a uma doença neurodegenerativa crônica no estágio da vida adulta. Os neonatos podem apresentar ascite e hepatomegalia, podendo estar associada à dificuldade respiratória por infiltração dos pulmões. Devido à complexidade da apresentação dos sintomas, o diagnóstico da DNP-C representa um grande desafio, e o reconhecimento dos sintomas e diagnóstico são cruciais para o início precoce de terapias específicas da doença, garantindo melhores resultados aos pacientes. A fim de melhorar o diagnóstico e facilitar a intervenção precoce, foi desenvolvido um ensaio de triagem neonatal com base em biomarcadores plasmáticos de ácidos biliares recentemente identificados. Considerando a prevalência de sintomas no diagnóstico em pacientes de diferentes idades e destacando possíveis correlações entre os sintomas, os profissionais podem obter informações valiosas sobre a sintomatologia da DNP-C, ajudando no reconhecimento de pacientes com DNP-C numa determinada faixa etária.
Educação em saúde nos livros didáticos de Ciências e Biologia brasileiros: um panorama das teses e dissertações (1994 – 2018)
Authors: Rudek Karine , Hermel Erica Do Espirito Santo 
Published: March 2021

O artigo apresenta um panorama da produção acadêmica de como a Educação em Saúde tem sido apresentada nos livros didáticos (LDs) do Ensino Fundamental e Médio em teses e dissertações desenvolvidas no período entre 1994 e 2018. Foram selecionadas e investigadas 9 pesquisas que abordam a temática Educação e abordagens de Saúde nos LDs de Ciências e Biologia. Como metodologia de pesquisa usamos Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a maioria das produções são dissertações (7). Quanto as abordagens de saúde, a biomédica se fez presente em todas as produções (9), seguida da comportamental (5) e da socioecológica (3). Evidenciamos que a Educação em Saúde está fortemente ligada ao Ensino de Ciências e Biologia e que os conceitos de saúde abordados nos LDs contribuem de forma muito frágil com abordagens mais críticas de saúde. O estudo apresenta a preocupação em discutir a saúde desde o início da escolarização. A pesquisa apontou também para a carência de discussões em Programas de Pós-graduação sobre a temática Educação em Saúde e a necessidade da inserção da temática nos LDs de forma mais crítica e reflexiva, ressaltando a necessidade da divulgação e disseminação desta temática visando abrir novos campos para discussão e reflexão sobre a Educação em Saúde no contexto escolar.
<p><strong>Observations on <em>Phassus n-signatus </em>Weymer (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) feeding on <em>Ligustrum lucidum</em> in a suburban habitat of Heredia, Costa Rica</strong></p>
Authors: GREHAN JOHN R. , MIELKE CARLOS C. G. , HILJE LUKO 
Published: March 2021

Larval feeding by the Central American ghost moth Phassus n-signatus is recorded in the Asian tree Ligustrum lucidum for the first time. Larval feeding and feeding damage was observed on 15 plants in a suburban environment where L. lucidum is widely used as a residential hedge. Larvae feed under a web of silk and frass on callus wound tissue that grows back following removal of bark around the entrance to a short (less than 42 cm) tunnel where the larva resides when at rest. The diameter of host plant stems at the tunnel site ranged between 4–32 cm and most larval tunnels were found less than 1.5 m from the ground. The presence of P. n-signatus within a suburban residential area shows that this species can persist within human modified urbanized environments where there are sufficient host plants available, and ground conditions include decaying plant debris that would be necessary to support growth of early instars that are presumed to occupy this microhabitat as documented for other stem boring Hepialidae. Key words: callus feeding, Central America, ecology, host plant, larva, phytophagy, stem borer
“Even when people live just across the road…they won’t go”: Community health worker perspectives on incentivized delays to under-five care-seeking in urban slums of Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Blasini Amy W. , Waiswa Peter , Wanduru Phillip , Amutuhaire Lucky , Moyer Cheryl A. 
Published: March 2021

Background
Although under-five (U5) mortality in Uganda has dropped over the past two decades, rates in urban slum neighborhoods remain high. As part of a broader verbal and social autopsy study of U5 deaths, this study explored the perspectives of volunteer community health workers, called Village Health Teams (VHTs), on why children under five in Kampala’s informal settlements are still dying despite living in close proximity to nearby health facilities.

Methods
This exploratory, qualitative study took place between January and March 2020 in the Rubaga division of Kampala, Uganda. VHTs from the slums of Kawaala and Nankulabye parishes, both located near a large government health center, were interviewed by a trained local interviewer to determine their perceptions of barriers to care-seeking and attribution for U5 childhood deaths. All interviews were audiotaped, transcribed into English, imported into NVivo V 12.0 and thematically analyzed using the Attride-Stirling framework.

Results
20 VHTs were interviewed, yielding two global themes, the first focusing on VHTs perceptions of their role in the community to promote positive health outcomes, and the second focusing on VHTs’ perceptions of how prompt care-seeking is disincentivized. Within the latter theme, three inter-related sub-themes emerged: disincentives for care-seeking at the health system level, which can drive negative beliefs held by families about the health system, and in turn, drive incentives for alternative health behaviors, which manifest as “incentivized delays” to care-seeking.

Discussion
This study illustrates VHT perspectives on the complex interactions between health system disincentives and the attitudes and behaviors of families with a sick child, as well as the reinforcing nature of these factors. Findings suggest a need for multi-pronged approaches that sensitize community members, engage community and health system leadership, and hold providers accountable for providing high-quality care. VHTs have enormous potential to foster improvement if given adequate resources, training, and support.
Cerebrospinal fluid leakage repair of various grades developing during endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal surgery
Authors: Lee Il Hwan , Kim Do Hyun , Park Jae-Sung , Jeun Sin-Soo , Hong Yong-Kil , Kim Sung Won 
Published: March 2021

Objectives
We describe the strategy used to repair intraoperative leaks of various grades and define factors for preventing postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage (CSF) after surgery via the endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach (EETA).

Study design
Retrospective chart review at a tertiary referral center.

Methods
Patients who underwent surgery via EETA from January 2009 to May 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Intraoperative CSF leakage was graded 0–3 in terms of the dural defect size; various repairs were used depending on the grade.

Results
A total of 777 patients underwent 869 operations via EETA; 609 (70.1%) experienced no intraoperative CSF leakage (grade 0) but 260 (29.9%) did. Leakage was of grade 1 in 135 cases (15.5%), grade 2 in 83 (9.6%), and grade 3 in 42 (4.8%). In 260 patients with intraoperative CSF leakage, a buttress was wedged into the sellar defect site in 178 cases (68.5%) and a pedicled flap was placed in 105 cases (40.4%). Autologous fat (108 cases, 41.5%) and a synthetic dural substitute (91 cases, 35%) were used to fill the dead space of the sellar resection cavity. Postoperative CSF leakage developed in 21 patients: 6 of grade 1, 7 of grade 2, and 8 of grade 3. Buttress placement significantly decreased postoperative leakage in grade 1 patients (p = 0.041). In patients of perioperative leakage grades 2 and 3, postoperative CSF leakage was significantly reduced only when both fat and a buttress were applied (p = 0.042 and p = 0.043, respectively).

Conclusion
A buttress prevented postoperative CSF leakage in grade 1 patients; both fat and buttress were required by patients with intraoperative leakage of grades 2 and 3.
Metode single image-NDVI untuk deteksi dini gejala mosaik pada Capsicum annuum
Authors: Hasan Asmar , Widodo  , Mutaqin Kikin Hamzah , Taufik Muhammad , Hidayat Sri Hendrastuti 
Published: March 2021

Single image-NDVI method for early detection of mosaic symptoms in Capsicum annuum
Mosaics are a symptom of a disease often found in red chilies (Capsicum annuum) and is generally caused by viral infections such as the Tobacco mosaic virus. Severe infection can cause stunting and significant yield loss. Serological and molecular detection is a common detection method for plant viruses although they are time-consuming, relatively inefficient for large samples, and are destructive to plants. On the other hand, direct symptoms observation is hampered by human visual abilities and latent symptoms in virus infection. Therefore, detection method based on the plant’s ability to absorb and reflect various spectrums of sunlight, such as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), has the potential to be developed. This study aims to evaluate the potential of a single image-NDVI as an NDVI variant for the early detection of mosaic symptoms in red chilies. The main activity involved image recording of chili plants that were not inoculated (V0) and inoculated (V1) by the virus, and given minimal nutrients (M) using an unmodified RGB camera and lens filter to capture blue and Near-Infrared light reflection. Furthermore, image processing is carried out using the Photo Monitoring plugin on the Fiji-ImageJ application. The recording was done one day after inoculation (dai) until the symptoms were visible. The results showed that there was an increasing trend in the integrated NDVI value in all treatments. Howewer, the increasing trend in V1 was not significant compared to V0 and M. The difference in the mean value of integrated NDVI between V1 was very significant compared to V0 (at 5 dai) and M (at 1 dai). This method’s level of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy ranges from 80–90% at 5 dai.
Effect of zoledronic acid on bone nanocomposites organization and prevention of bone mineral density loss in ovariectomized rats
Authors: Kostyshyn Nazar M. , Gzhegotskyi Mechyslav R. , Kostyshyn Liybov P. , Mudry Stepan I. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Osteoporosis often occurs in individuals of different age groups, frequently during menopause and after ovariectomy. It increases the risk of pathological fractures almost twice. The aim of our research was to assess bone metabolism, nanocomposite structure of the tibia under conditions of ovariectomy and zoledronic acid treatment.

Methods
X-ray diffraction has been performed for nanostructure analysis of mineral crystallites and crystal lattice of hydroxyapatite in the tibia samples of ovariectomized rats with additional application of bisphosphonate zoledronic acid (0.025 mg/kg). Markers of remodeling – osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase 5b – were determined. Quantitative amount of calcium in the bones was detected by atomic absorption method.

Results
Zoledronic acid prevented loss of mineral mass after ovariectomy. Rats after ovariectomy, treated with zoledronic acid, showed statistically higher (р<0.05) values of crystalline phase and calcium content compared with the SHAM-surgery and ovariectomy groups (р<0.05). Zoledronic acid inhibited bone remodeling, which is proved by tartrate resistant acid phosphatase 5b reduction and inhibition of osteoclasts during the experiment.

Conclusions
These results enable to suggest that zoledronic acid can improve mineral mass of the bone during menopause in individuals of different age groups.
Das Beziehungsgeflecht zwischen Sprache und Kultur: Forschungsrückblick, Zugänge und Beschreibungstendenzen
Authors: Földes Csaba 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe main focus of this paper is on language and communication as the central meaning generating mechanisms of culture. The paper aims to systematically and heuristically investigate the complex alliance of language, culture and communicational interaction and at the same time to introduce several new fields of research by critically discussing their topics and potentials. In this regard, the dilemma of the questionif,how muchandwhichtheory is necessary nowadays at all shall be examined first; therefore, theAfter-theory-program will also be addressed. Followed selectively by an illustrating look into the research history about language and about culture resp. about culture and language (without losing sight of the psychological process of “thinking”) with examples from selected linguistic and closely related disciplines. It is before this background, that aspects of culture-sensitive linguistic approaches will be analytically focused on and new paradigms – the Anglo-American “culture linguistics”, the Russian-post-soviet “linguoculturology” and the German Studies originated specifically multilingualism-oriented “intercultural linguistics” — will be closely scrutinised, primarily from the perspective of German Linguistics.