bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exosphere Modeling of Proxima b: A Case Study of Photochemical Escape with a Venus-like Atmosphere
Authors: Lee Yuni , Dong Chuanfei , Tenishev Valeriy 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Exoplanets orbiting M dwarfs within habitable zones are exposed to stellar environments more extreme than that terrestrial planets experience in our solar system, which can significantly impact the atmospheres of the exoplanets and affect their habitability and sustainability. This study provides the first prediction of hot oxygen corona structure and the associated photochemical loss from a 1 bar CO2-dominated atmosphere of a Venus-like rocky exoplanet, where dissociative recombination of O2
+ ions is assumed to be the major source reaction for the escape of neutral O atoms and formation of the hot O corona (or exospheres) as on Mars and Venus. We employ a 3D Monte Carlo code to simulate the exosphere of Proxima Centauri b (PCb) based on the ionosphere simulated by a 3D magnetohydrodynamic model. Our simulation results show that variability of the stellar wind dynamic pressure over one orbital period of PCb does not affect the overall spatial structure of the hot O corona but contributes to the change in the global hot O escape rate that varies by an order of magnitude. The escape increases dramatically when the planet possesses its intrinsic magnetic fields as the ionosphere becomes more extended with the presence of a global magnetic field. The extended hot O corona may lead to a more extended H exosphere through collisions between thermal H and hot O, which exemplifies the importance of considering nonthermal populations in exospheres to interpret future observations.
V899 Mon: A Peculiar Eruptive Young Star Close to the End of Its Outburst
Authors: Park Sunkyung , Kóspál Ágnes , Cruz-Sáenz de Miera Fernando , Siwak Michał , Dróżdż Marek , Ignácz Bernadett , Jaffe Daniel T. , Könyves-Tóth Réka , Kriskovics Levente , Lee Jae-Joon , Lee Jeong-Eun , Mace Gregory N. , Ogłoza Waldemar , Pál András , Potter Stephen B. , Szabó Zsófia Marianna , Sefako Ramotholo , Worters Hannah L. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The eruptive young star V899 Mon shows characteristics of both FUors and EXors. It reached a peak brightness in 2010, then briefly faded in 2011, followed by a second outburst. We conducted multifilter optical photometric monitoring, as well as optical and near-infrared spectroscopic observations, of V899 Mon. The light curves and color–magnitude diagrams show that V899 Mon has been gradually fading after its second outburst peak in 2018, but smaller accretion bursts are still happening. Our spectroscopic observations taken with Gemini/IGRINS and VLT/MUSE show a number of emission lines, unlike during the outbursting stage. We used the emission line fluxes to estimate the accretion rate and found that it has significantly decreased compared to the outbursting stage. The mass-loss rate is also weakening. Our 2D spectroastrometric analysis of emission lines recovered jet and disk emission of V899 Mon. We found that the emission from permitted metallic lines and the CO bandheads can be modeled well with a disk in Keplerian rotation, which also gives a tight constraint for the dynamical stellar mass of 2 M
⊙. After a discussion of the physical changes that led to the changes in the observed properties of V899 Mon, we suggest that this object is finishing its second outburst.
Stellar Rotation of T Tauri Stars in the Orion Star-forming Complex
Authors: Serna Javier , Hernandez Jesus , Kounkel Marina , Manzo-Martínez Ezequiel , Roman-Lopes Alexandre , Román-Zúñiga Carlos G. , Batista Maria Gracia , Pinzón Giovanni , Calvet Nuria , Briceño Cesar , Tapia Mauricio , Suárez Genaro , Ramírez Karla Peña , G. Stassun Keivan , Covey Kevin , Vargas-González J. , Fernández-Trincado José G. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We present a large-scale study of stellar rotation for T Tauri stars in the Orion star-forming complex. We use the projected rotational velocity (

v
sin
(
i
)

) estimations reported by the APOGEE-2 collaboration as well as individual masses and ages derived from the position of the stars in the HR diagram, considering Gaia-EDR3 parallaxes and photometry plus diverse evolutionary models. We find an empirical trend for

v
sin
(
i
)

decreasing with age for low-mass stars (0.4M
⊙ < M
* < 1.2M
⊙). Our results support the existence of a mechanism linking

v
sin
(
i
)

to the presence of accreting protoplanetary disks, responsible for regulating stellar rotation on timescales of about 6 Myr, which is the timescale in which most of the T Tauri stars lose their inner disk. Our results provide important constraints to models of rotation in the early phases of evolution of young stars and their disks.
Penser le soin, penser un cadre
Authors: Picard Jean 
Published: December 2021

« Un homme sans pensée est comme un oiseau qui n’a qu’une aile, cloué au sol. » C’est avec insistance que les adolescents nous demandent de les aider à sortir de leur souffrance, qu’ils peuvent exprimer de façon bruyante ou silencieuse. Les adultes ne devront pas s’absenter de leur rôle de « passeur ». Une institution ne pourra tenir sa qualité de soignante que de la construction, du partage et de l’entretien constant et obstiné de son « identité » pour aider ces adolescents qu’elles accueillent à voler, un jour, de leurs propres ailes…
Le « complexe fraternel » dans le processus d’emprise groupale
Authors: Claveirol Annie 
Published: December 2021

Le « complexe fraternel », d’abord décrit par Lacan puis relu et approfondi par René Kaës autour de la question de la conflictualité, peut éclairer les processus psychiques profonds à l’œuvre dans les mécanismes d’emprise groupale à l’adolescence. Ce mécanisme peut être intéressant pour comprendre l’emprise intrafamiliale dans les embrigadements par la radicalisation. À partir de la lecture d’un cas clinique, deux hypothèses vont être postulées, celle d’un fratricide déguisé sous le meurtre de masse et celle du meurtre de la Chose.
Cytogenetic Evaluation of Congenital Anomalies in Manipur
Authors: Sharma Garima , Devi Aribam Jaishree , Singh Thounaojam Naranbabu 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Birth defect, congenital malformation, and congenital anomaly are synonymous terms used to describe structural, behavioral, functional, and metabolic disorders present at birth. Birth defects are the leading cause of infant mortality. The most common serious congenital disorders are heart defects, neural tube defects, and Down syndrome. The objective of the study is to determine the chromosomal abnormalities (structural and numerical) in congenital anomalies of suspected genetic causes, by peripheral lymphocytic culture and cytogenetic evaluation.

Material and Methods:
The study was a cross-sectional study undertaken for a duration of 2 years in a total of fifty cases of congenital anomalies with suspected genetic abnormalities. Peripheral blood from these cases was collected, and lymphocyte tissue culture was done for about 48–72 h. The best metaphase spread was selected, photographed, printed, and karyotypes were prepared. Findings of the study were then described by descriptive statistics.

Results:
Most common congenital anomalies were seen in the musculoskeletal system with 19 anomalies (38% of all cases) followed by genital organs with 12 anomalies (24% of all cases) and cleft lip and cleft palate with 8 anomalies (16% of all cases). Chromosomal anomalies were seen in six cases (12% of all cases). All were cases of Down syndrome and had trisomy 21.

Discussion and conclusion:
The present study might be of help in an earlier and better diagnosis of the cases of congenital anomalies, particularly the cases presenting with chromosomal abnormalities so that their counselling can be started at the earliest. It might be suggested that cytogenetic evaluation of cases of congenital anomalies should be included in routine investigation.
Estimation of Humerus Length by Measuring the Dimensions of its Lower Fragments
Authors: Prashanth K. U. , Pai Mangala M. , Murlimanju B. V. , Prabhu Latha V. , Prameela M. D. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
The aim was to obtain the dimensions of the distal fragments of humerus bone, and the objective was to derive the formulae of regression, which will assist us to estimate the humeral length.

Material and Methods:
In this cadaveric research, 166 adult dried humeri from the department of anatomy were utilized. The measurements were performed by using the osteometric board and digital Vernier caliper. The seven distal humeral fragments were measured.

Results:
We were able to associate the dimensions of the distal humeral fragments with the humeral length (P = 0.00). The distances between the radial summit of the capitulum to the ulnar part of the medial epicondyle (right side Pearson's coefficient, 0.70 and left side, 0.78) and the radial side of the lateral condyle to the ulnar most side of the medial epicondyle (right side Pearson's coefficient, 0.69 and left side, 0.77) were the finest parameters, which can predict the length of humerus.

Discussion and Conclusion:
The regression calculations can be of help in estimating the humeral length. Such equations could be utilized during the examinations of forensic cases, where the estimation of height of an individual is required to be predicted, when only a few distal fragments of humerus are available. The figures of this investigation can also help in anthropology and archaeological research.
Estimation of Stature from Stride Length and Lower Limb Length of Efiks in Calabar South, Cross River State, South-South Nigeria
Authors: Ugochukwu Esomonu Godfrey , Augustine Egwu Ogugua , Samuel Eno , Ifechukwude Biose 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
The stride length of individuals is believed to correlate with their stature. The aim of the present study was to estimate stature using stride length and lower limb length of Efiks who are indigenes of Calabar South, Cross River State, South-South Nigeria.

Material and Methods:
Stature, lower extremity length, and stride length were measured and recorded for 300 subjects, 150 each of males and females who were recruited randomly from the community. The subjects were between 15 and 45 years.

Results:
Data obtained showed that the mean values for all measured anthropometric parameters including stature were higher in males than in females (P < 0.05). The correlation coefficient value derived from the linear regression equation for the estimation of stature using stride length and lower limb length revealed that there is a significant relationship between stature and the measured parameters for the studied population.

Discussion and Conclusion:
The positive correlation between stature and the measured parameters showed that stature can be estimated using the derived linear regression equations specific for the Efik natives of Cross River State. This can be of immense value in the field of crime detection toward stature estimation by forensic experts.
Comparison of the Incidence of Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Northern Taiwan and Southern Taiwan (2000–2015)
Authors: Tang Shih-En , Wu Shu-Yu , Jhou Fang-Yu , Chung Chi-Hsiang , Chien Wu-Chien , Wang Chih-Hung 
Published: December 2021

Background:
The aim of the study is to compare the incidence of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) in Northern and Southern Taiwan, areas with different levels of air pollution.

Methods:
This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, 15-year nationwide study of SSNHL diagnoses between 2000 and 2015 in Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database.

Results:
In total, 12,497 patients were included, 5584 in Northern Taiwan and 2532 in Southern Taiwan. In Northern and Southern Taiwan, the mean patients' age was 50.94 ± 16.62 and 50.70 ± 15.86 years, respectively; males (53.56% vs. 53.48%) were more frequently diagnosed than females (46.44% vs. 46.52%). The crude incidence was 41.13/100,000 and 49.45/100,000 in Northern and Southern Taiwan. The increasing trend was significantly higher in Southern than in Northern Taiwan. The maximal difference between Northern and Southern Taiwan, 44.31 versus 77.01/100,000 people/year, occurred in 2012. Mean particulate matter (PM2.5) annual concentration steadily decreased from 25.5 μg/m3 in 2010 to 19.20 μg/m3 in 2015 in Northern Taiwan, 37.10 μg/m3 in 2010 to 26.50 μg/m3 in 2015 in Southern Taiwan, Tainan City area, and 38.20 μg/m3 in 2010 to 25.10 μg/m3 in 2015 in Southern Taiwan, Kaohsiung City area. Cumulative PM2.5 exposure (PM2.5-year) from 2000 to 2015 was 441.1 μg/m3 × year in Northern Taiwan, 563.3 μg/m3 × year in Southern Taiwan – Tainan City area, and 684.3 μg/m3 × year in Southern Taiwan – Kaohsiung City area.

Conclusion:
SSNHL incidence increased from 2000 to 2015 and was higher in Southern than in Northern Taiwan. Cumulative PM2.5 exposure was higher in Southern than in Northern Taiwan. The relationship between cumulative PM2.5 exposure and SSNHL pathogenesis needs further investigation.
Phytochemical constituents and antibacterial activities of indigenous chewing stick (Anogeissus leiocarpus) stem
Authors: Namadina M.M. , Mukhtar A.U. , Karaye S.I. , Musa F.M. , Bah I.H. , Maitama F.Y. 
Published: December 2021

The stems from Anogeissus leiocarpus are commonly used as chewing sticks in Northern Nigeria. If properly used, the chewing sticks have proven to be effective in removing dental plaque due to mechanical cleaning and enhanced salivation. Chewing sticks from other plants have been shown to display antimicrobial activities against a broad spectrum of microorganisms. However, there is limited information available in Northern Nigeria on the chemical composition, antimicrobial properties and the ability of the plants under study to prevent bacterial adhesion to tooth surface. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to ascertain the phytochemical and antibacterial properties of Anogeissus leiocarpus and correlate the results obtained to their ethnomedicinal uses as chewing sticks. Powdered stem was exhaustively extracted using methanol at room temperature for 72 hours. Antibacterial activities of the methanol extract was assessed using the agar well diffusion methods against the oral pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis. Acute toxicity study was achieved using Lorke method. Phytochemicals which include flavonoid, steroid, triterpenes, alkaloids, tannins, carbohydrate, glycoside, phenols were detected in the extracts while anthraquinones was absent. The antibacterial results revealed that, the methanol extract had promising antibacterial activity. S. aureuswas found to be the most susceptible bacteria at 500mg/ml with inhibition of 22 mm, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus sanguinis were inhibited at 16 mm while Streptococcus mutans showed inhibition of 14 mm. The extract have MIC and MBC of 31.25 mg/ml and 62.5 mg/ml respectively against all the tested clinical isolates. The LD50 of Anogeissus leiocarpus was found to be greater than 5000 mg/kg and could be considered safe for consumption.
Radio frequency identification (RFID) and database- based attendance management system
Authors: Ahmad U.S. , Bisu A.A. , Umar F.A. , Balarabe U. 
Published: December 2021

Effective record and management of students and staff attendance of academic and non academic activities/events are vital for the smooth functioning of the educational system. This is still a difficult task in most institutions, particularly in Nigeria with a large number of staff and students attending different academic and non-academic functions. This is even more difficult to manage when the traditional method of paper and pen is used to record attendance, prone to errors, and in most cases lack integrity due to manual handling of the record. Electronics and Information Communications Technologies (ICT) can be deployed to help mitigate these problems and improve reliability, ease, speed, efficiency, effectiveness, and integrity of recording and managing attendance. In this work, we used Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and database management to provide an alternative solution that addresses issues of objects (humans and non-humans) authentication, authorization, and record management with high accuracy, reliability, and integrity using RFID-Arduino technology. The system works by reading staff’s and/or student’s details stored in a unique RF tag wirelessly through theRF reader and then matched and stored the record in the system’s database. Attendancemarking was achieved by matching the scanned ID with the database record. The system was successfully implemented and tested with 10 students and staff participants with the feature of exporting the records into excel format for statistical analysis and performance evaluation.
The STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI PEMBANGUNAN DALAM IMPLEMENTASI KONSEP SMART ENVIRONMENT DI KOTA CIREBON
Authors: Novianty Fifi 
Published: December 2021

This journal examines the development communication strategy in implementing the smart environment concept in the city of Cirebon. The concept smart environment focus refers to how a city is managed and refers to development that is environmentally friendly and does not damage the ecosystem. The research methodology uses a systematic literature review, the focus of the research is examining the concept of smart environment in the city of Cirebon. The results showed that the existence of a development communication strategy in implementing the smart city program, especially in the concept of smart environment in the city of Cirebon, provides convenience in implementing the program. The development communication strategy used in the Cirebon city smart environment concept is 1.) Looking at the Targets. 2.) Social Mobilization. 3.) To Secure Understanding. 4.) To Establish Acceptance. 5.) To Motivate Action. Thus, the role of development communication in implementing the smart environment concept can be more focused, and optimize the achievement of the goals to be achieved, because it has a more structured and directed development communication strategy.
KÜRE DAĞLARI MİLLİ PARKI ÇEVRESİNDEKİ YERLEŞİM YERLERİNİN ve NÜFUSUN COĞRAFİ DAĞILIMI
Authors: DURAN Celalettin 
Published: December 2021

Küre Dağları Milli Parkı (KDMP), Bartın ve Kastamonu illerinin idari sınırları arasındadır. KDMP çevresindeki yerleşimler de, bu iki ile bağlı ilçelerin köylerinden oluşur. Bu köylerin ve barındırdıkları nüfusun fizyografik özelliklere göre dağılımı ve bazı önemli doğal oluşumlara yakınlıkları, bu çalışma kapsamında incelenmiştir. Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri yardımıyla dağılım, yoğunluk ve yakınlık analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Milli Park, beş farklı koruma statüsündeki alt bölümden oluşan sınırlara sahiptir. Yerleşim yerleri, sadece tampon bölümde ve bu sınırlara 1 km mesafede yer alır. Toplam köy yerleşmesi sayısı 127 adettir. Bu yerleşmelerin 2020 yılı toplam nüfusu 25780 kişidir. Nüfusta (2008-2020 arası) genel bir azalma eğilimi/göç olgusu vardır.
Yerleşimler; 300-600 m arası yükseltilerde, 6-20 derece arası eğimde, güneyli bakılarda ve denizden 10-20 km arası mesafelerde daha fazla kurulmuştur. Önemli doğal oluşumlara (Mağara, Kanyon ve Şelale) yakınlıklarına göre yerleşmeler, düzensiz dağılır. Milli parkın batısındaki akarsu hatları ve karayoluna yakın, ekonomik faaliyete imkân veren kesimlerde, yerleşim yeri ve nüfus yoğunluğu artar.
CAUSES OF EARLY SCHOOL LEAVING AND PREVENTION MEASURES: SCHOOL DIRECTORS’ INSIGHTS
Authors: Bitsakos Nikolaos 
Published: December 2021

<p>The following study explores the phenomenon of early school leaving and related prevention strategies, focusing on the region of Crete, an island in Greece which has high early school leaving rates. This is a qualitative research focused on the opinions and attitudes of the elementary and secondary school units’ directors. Thirteen semi-structured interviews were conducted, showing the interviewees’ opinions about the reasons students leave school in this specific district, the applied prevention measures, and their evaluation. It is noted that the frequency of early school leaving in the local high schools and lyceums is high, while in the elementary schools it is low, which is mainly caused by the students’ decision to enter the job market, help their family agricultural business, and create a family of their own or get married -especially the female students. Furthermore, participants state that they apply certain prevention measures, which include regular communication with the close family circle and with students at risk. Finally, they state that the effectiveness of the measures implemented depends - to a large extent - on the funding provided to schools, mainly as recruitment of specialized staff.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0520/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
IMPACT OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF BULK DENSITIES COMBINATION ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENT OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.)
Authors: Sabir M. S. , Khattak M. K. , Haq I. P. , Hanif M. 
Published: December 2021

An experiment was conducted on the impact of different levels of bulk densities combination on yield and yield components of wheat. Three bulk density levels 1.00-1.30 (A) g cm-3, 1.30-1.60 (B) g cm-3 and 1.60-1.90 (C) g cm-3 with three different depths (0-15, 16-30 and 31-45 cm) were used in the experiment using silt loam soil (Pedocals). The total treatments were 27 in the experiment with three replications. The experimental design was completely randomized design (CRD). The treatment means were checked at the confidence level of 95% of probability. The soil 0-45 cm deep was shifted from the field (no-till) to the net house and was act as control. The results showed that the number of tillers plant-1, number of leaves plant-1 and thousand grain yield were non-significantly affected by all the treatments while number of seed emerged, root length, dry root weight, plant height, grain yield , biological yield and harvest index were significantly influenced by various treatments. The highest number of seed germinated (8.00) was found in the treatment BBB (1.30-1.60 g cm-3 in 0-15 cm, 15-30 cm, 30-45 cm soil depth), BAB (1.30-1.60 g cm-3 in 0-15 cm, 1.00-1.30 g cm-3 in 15-30 cm and 1.30-1.60 g cm-3 in 30-45 cm soil depth) and BCB (1.30-1.60 g cm-3 in 0-15 cm, 1.60-1.90 g cm-3 in 15-30 cm and 1.30-1.60 g cm-3 in 30-45 cm) while the lowest number of seed emerged (3.6) was found in AAA (1.00-1.30 g cm-3 in 0-15 cm, 15-30 cm and 30-45 cm soil depth), ACA (1.00-1.30 g cm-3 in 0-15 cm, 1.60-1.90 g cm-3 in 15-30 cm and 1.00-1.30 g cm-3 in 30-45 cm soil depth) and CAC (1.60-1.90 g cm -3 in 0-15 cm, 1.00-1.30 g cm-3 in 15-30 cm and 1.60-1.90 g cm-3 in 30-45 cm soil depth). The highest root length (13.12 cm) was found in the treatment AAA while the lowest root length (10.05 cm) was found in CAC. The highest dry root weight (5.67g) was found in the treatment ABA while the lowest dry root weight (4.79g) was found in control treatment. The highest plant height (42.67 cm) was found in the treatment of BBA while the lowest plant height (29.67 cm) was found in control. The highest biological yield (12.1 metric ton ha-1) was found in the treatment ABA while the lowest biological yield (6.8 metric ton ha-1) was found in control. The highest grain yield (4.4 metric ton ha-1) was found by ABB while the lowest (2.7 metric ton ha-1) was found in the control. The highest harvest index (39.79%) was found in the control while the lowest harvest index (34.54%) was found in CCA. The experiment showed that increasing bulk density above 1.60 g cm-3 resulted in decreasing the yield and yield component of the winter wheat. The number of seed emerged, root length, dry root weight, plant height, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index of wheat were significantly affected by soil bulk density in various depths.