bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of pumped hydro energy storage
Authors: Blakers Andrew , Stocks Matthew , Lu Bin , Cheng Cheng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The need for storage in electricity systems is increasing because large amounts of variable solar and wind generation capacity are being deployed. About two thirds of net global annual power capacity additions are solar and wind. Pumped hydro energy storage (PHES) comprises about 96% of global storage power capacity and 99% of global storage energy volume. Batteries occupy most of the balance of the electricity storage market including utility, home and electric vehicle batteries. Batteries are rapidly falling in price and can compete with pumped hydro for short-term storage (minutes to hours). However, pumped hydro continues to be much cheaper for large-scale energy storage (several hours to weeks). Most existing pumped hydro storage is river-based in conjunction with hydroelectric generation. Water can be pumped from a lower to an upper reservoir during times of low demand and the stored energy can be recovered at a later time. In the future, the vast storage opportunities available in closed loop off-river pumped hydro systems will be utilized. In such systems water is cycled repeatedly between two closely spaced small reservoirs located away from a river. This review covers the technology, cost, environmental impacts and opportunities for PHES. The key motivations for this review are firstly that large amounts of variable wind and solar generators are being deployed; and secondly that there are vast opportunities for low-cost pumped hydro storage that do not require interference with rivers (with the associated environmental cost).
Blow-up rates for a fractional heat equation
Authors: Ferreira R. , de Pablo A. 
Published: March 2021

We study the speed at which nonglobal solutions to the fractional heat equation

u
t

+
(
−
Δ

)

α

/

2

u
=

u
p

,

\begin{equation*} u_t+(-\Delta )^{\alpha /2} u=u^p, \end{equation*}

with

0
>
α
>
2

0>\alpha >2

and

p
>
1

p>1

, tend to infinity. We prove that, assuming either

p
>

p
F

≡
1
+
α

/

N

p>p_F\equiv 1+\alpha /N

or

u
u

is strictly increasing in time, then for

t
t

close to the blow-up time

T
T

it holds that

‖
u
(
⋅
,
t
)

‖
∞

∼
(
T
−
t

)

−

1

p
−
1

\|u(\cdot ,t)\|_\infty \sim (T-t)^{-\frac 1{p-1}}

. The proofs use elementary tools, such as rescaling or comparison arguments.
Risk Factors for Explantation of Breast Implants: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Valente Denis Souto , Zanella Rafaela Koehler , Mulazzani Carolina Mattana , Valente Sibelie Souto 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundExplantation of breast implant surgery (EBIS) is an emerging surgical field. Precise information about patients undergoing EBIS is important for preoperative planning of breast, augmentation, complications management, and to address any medicolegal issues.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to further extend current knowledge of EBIS risk factors.MethodsAn analytic cross-sectional study was conducted involving patients who had previously undergone cosmetic breast augmentation and were seeking EBIS.ResultsThe study recruited 138 patients. The average time from implant placement and decision to explantation was 59.1 months. On average, each 1-year increase in age resulted in a 4% increase in the relative risk (RR) of explantation (confidence interval (CI), 1.07-1.21). Patients who were obese or overweight present a 1.5 times higher risk of EBIS (CI 95%, 1.03-2.29). On average, this RR was 40% lower (CI 95%, 0.33-0.91) in patients who never smoked compared with those with a history of tobacco use. Women with mastalgia had a 72% higher RR for EBIS (CI 95%, 1.11-2.65). The RR of EBIS was 5.6 times higher (CI 95%, 2.42-11.47) in patients presenting major Shoenfeld’s criteria for autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA). The RR of EBIS was 4.3 times higher (CI 95%, 1.96-8.63) in patients presenting minor Shoenfeld’s criteria for ASIA.ConclusionsEBIS poses a higher risk to patients who are overweight/obese, have a history of tobacco use, suffer from mastalgia, or present Shoenfeld’s criteria for ASIA. It is important to assess properly these individuals before performing implant surgery for breast augmentation.Level of Evidence: 4
pgainsim: an R-package to assess the mode of inheritance for quantitative trait loci in GWAS
Authors: Scherer Nora , Sekula Peggy , Pfaffelhuber Peter , Schlosser Pascal 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Motivation
When performing genome-wide association studies conventionally the additive genetic model is used to explore whether a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is associated with a quantitative trait. But for variants, which do not follow an intermediate mode of inheritance (MOI), the recessive or the dominant genetic model can have more power to detect associations and furthermore the MOI is important for downstream analyses and clinical interpretation. When multiple MOIs are modelled the question arises, which describes the true underlying MOI best.

Results
We developed an R-package allowing for the first time to determine study specific critical values when one of the three models is more informative than the other ones for a quantitative trait locus. The package allows for user-friendly simulations to determine these critical values with predefined minor allele frequencies and study sizes. For application scenarios with extensive multiple testing we integrated an interpolation functionality to determine critical values already based on a moderate number of random draws.

Availability and implementation
The R-package pgainsim is freely available for download on Github at https://github.com/genepi-freiburg/pgainsim.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Fast Determination of Carbamates in Environmental Water Based on Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymers as Adsorbent
Authors: Wang Shimiao , Zhao Qi , Li Jian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) were prepared with isoprocarb as template molecule and applied to extraction of carbamates pesticides in different water samples. This method based on magnetic solid-phase extraction (SPE) avoided the time-consuming column-passing process of loading large volume samples in conventional SPE. In the study, only 0.1 g MMIPs could be used to obtain satisfactory recoveries, due to the high-surface area and excellent adsorption capacity of these nano-magnetic adsorbents. Owing to the excellent selectivity of MMIPs, in high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis, the matrix effects of this technique were obviously lower than the conventional SPE method. Under the optimal conditions, the detection limits of carbamates were in the range of 2.7–11.7 ng L−1. The relative standard deviations of intra-day and inter-day were 2.5–7.4% and 3.6–8.4%, respectively. At all the spiked level, the recoveries of four analyzed carbamates in environmental water samples were in the range of 74.2–94.2%. The significant positive results were achieved in the proposed method for the determination of four carbamates in water samples from different lakes and rivers. In the three samples we tested, the carbaryl was found in the lake water obtained from Yitong River, and the content was 2.4 ng L−1.
Pivoting during a Pandemic: School Social Work Practice with Families during COVID-19
Authors: Daftary Ashley-Marie H , Sugrue Erin P , Gustman Brian D , Lechuga-Peña Stephanie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 global pandemic led to the unprecedented shuttering of nearly all K–12 public education settings across the United States from March through June 2020. This article explores how school social workers’ roles, responsibilities, and work tasks shifted during spring 2020 distance learning to address the continuing and changing needs of families and the larger school community. Interviews were conducted with 20 school social workers in K–12 public schools, across three states, to understand the primary needs of children and families during the pandemic and to learn how school social workers can be most effective in responding to these needs. The data were analyzed using a grounded theory approach. Study findings revealed that during spring 2020, school social workers consistently had increased contact and interaction with students’ parents that centered around two major activities: (1) food assistance and referrals for families and (2) parent check-ins and coaching. The article discusses implications for the field of school social work during crises and beyond. Considerations include increased funding for schools that serve communities disproportionately affected by the pandemic and the reprioritization of school social workers’ roles and responsibilities to include increased contact with parents.
Race, Genetic Admixture, and Cognitive Performance in the Cuban Population
Authors: Llibre-Guerra Jorge J , Li Yan , Allen Isabel Elaine , Llibre-Guerra Juan C , Rodríguez Salgado Ana M , Peñalver Ana Ibis , Almirall Sanchez Arianna , Yokoyama Jennifer S , Grinberg Lea , Valcour Victor , Miller Bruce L , Llibre-Rodríguez Juan J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Population aging will lead to a dramatic increase in dementia prevalence, which will disproportionally affect racial minorities. The presence of racial differences in dementia prevalence has been widely reported in United States, but there are no relevant studies on this topic in low- and middle-income countries.

Methods
In a cross-sectional survey, 2944 older Cubans were recruited at a community-based level aimed to identify the effects of self-identified race and genetic admixture on cognitive performance. Dementia diagnosis was established using 10/66 Dementia and DSM-IV criteria. APOE-ε4 genotype was determined in 2511 (85%) and genetic admixture was completed for all dementia cases and in a randomly selected sample of cognitive healthy participants (218 dementia cases and 367 participants without dementia).

Results
The overall prevalence of dementia was 8.7%, without large or statistically significant differences on dementia prevalence (p = .12) by self-identified race. Mean cognitive scores were similar across racial groups (p = .46). After controlling for age, sex, and education, greater proportion of African ancestry was not associated with cognitive performance (p = .17).

Conclusions
We found no evidence of an independent effect of self-identified race and/or population ancestry on dementia prevalence or cognitive performance. This suggests that observed differences in dementia prevalence among diverse populations may be driven primarily by social determinants of health.
Auto-assignment of providers in Medicaid Managed Care and factors influencing seasonal flu vaccine uptake: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Klein Colleen J , Dalstrom Matthew D , Foulger Roopa , Weinzimmer Laurence G 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Over 50 million people in the USA are enrolled in a Medicaid Managed Care plan. If they do not select a primary care provider, they are auto-assigned to one. The impact of auto-assignment has largely been understudied outside the context of patient satisfaction with the insurance plan. The purpose of the study was to explore the association between auto-assignment and flu vaccination use, which will contribute to our understanding of factors influencing the COVID-19 vaccine uptake.

Methods
Retrospective data from the Enterprise Data Warehouse of a health system were obtained for adult Medicaid enrolees assigned to a Midwestern health system in 2019. Descriptive statistics, independent t-tests and tetrachoric correlations were used to explore the relationship between auto-assignment and flu vaccine receipt among a large sample of Illinois residents (N = 7224). The sample was then divided into those who chose their provider (n = 6027) and those who were auto-assigned (n = 1197).

Key findings
Individuals who selected their provider were deemed to have flu vaccine coverage over those who were auto-assigned (33.2% vs. 6.6%). Furthermore, among those who were auto-assigned, age, number of office visits and having chronic morbidities, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (P &lt; 0.01), diabetes (P &lt; 0.01) and heart failure (P &lt; 0.01), were positively associated with flu vaccine receipt.

Conclusions
Individuals who are auto-assigned to a primary care provider are less likely to be flu vaccine recipients than those who choose their provider. This suggests that auto-assignment is a risk factor that influences vaccine receipt. This research provides perspectives for outreach efforts that target individuals who are auto-assigned to a provider.
Juvenile-Onset Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis in the United States, Epidemiology and HPV Types—2015–2020
Authors: Amiling Raiza , Meites Elissa , Querec Troy D , Stone Laura , Singh Vidisha , Unger Elizabeth R , Derkay Craig S , Markowitz Lauri E 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JORRP) is a rare disease characterized by the growth of papillomas in the respiratory tract. In the United States, JORRP is not a nationally notifiable condition and current data are limited.

Methods
Children with JORRP aged &lt;18 years were enrolled from 26 pediatric otolaryngology centers in 23 US states from January 2015 through August 2020. Demographic, birth information, and maternal vaccination history were collected from a parent/guardian. Clinical history was abstracted from medical records. Papilloma biopsies were tested for 28 human papillomavirus (HPV) types. Mothers who delivered in 2006 or later were considered age-eligible for HPV vaccination if aged ≤26 years in 2006. We described characteristics of enrolled children and their birth mothers and analyzed disease severity by diagnosis age and HPV type using multiple logistic regression.

Results
Among 215 children with JORRP, 88.8% were delivered vaginally; 64.2% were firstborn. Among 190 mothers, the median delivery age was 22 years. Among 114 (60.0%) age-eligible for HPV vaccination, 16 (14.0%) were vaccinated, 1 (0.9%) before delivery. Among 162 specimens tested, 157 (96.9%) had detectable HPV; all 157 had a vaccine-preventable type. Disease severity was associated with younger diagnosis age and HPV 11; adjusted analyses found only younger diagnosis age significant (adjusted odds ratio: 6.1; 95% confidence interval: 2.9, 12.8).

Conclusions
Children with JORRP were commonly firstborn and delivered vaginally to young mothers; most of the mothers reported no HPV vaccination before delivery. Vaccine-preventable HPV was identified in all specimens with detectable HPV. Increasing preexposure HPV vaccination could substantially reduce or eliminate JORRP in the United States.
Development of a Home-Based Telerehabilitation Service Delivery Protocol for Wheelchair Seating and Mobility Within the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Ott Kaila K , Schein Richard M , Straatmann Joseph , Schmeler Mark R , Dicianno Brad E 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The provision of seating and wheeled mobility devices is a complex process that requires trained professionals and multiple appointments throughout the service delivery process. However, this can be inconvenient and burdensome for individuals with mobility limitations or for individuals who live in rural areas. Rural areas often present unique difficulties regarding the provision of healthcare services including lengthy travel times to medical facilities and lack of specialized providers and medical technology. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive overview of the development and implementation of a service delivery protocol for a home-based telerehabilitation assessment for wheelchair seating and mobility.

Materials and Methods
The telerehabilitation team consists of a trained wheelchair seating and mobility therapist and a telehealth clinical technician (TCT). In order to determine veterans that are appropriate for a home-based telerehabilitation assessment, a three-phase pre-assessment screening process was conducted by the therapist and TCT, including consult, chart, and phone review. Veterans that met all of the predetermined eligibility criteria were recommended for a telerehabilitation wheelchair assessment. The TCT traveled to the veteran’s residence with necessary evaluation and safety equipment and connected with the therapist remotely using the VA Video Connect platform. Assessment and veteran data were collected during the initial evaluation and then during a 21-day follow-up.

Results
Forty-three veterans were successfully seen via telerehabilitation for a seating and wheeled mobility assessment between November, 2017 and July, 2018. The average travel distance between the veteran’s residence and the clinic was 34.1 miles. The total telerehabilitation encounter times ranged from 45 min to 145 min.

Conclusions
The implementation of this service delivery protocol for wheelchair seating and mobility assessments demonstrated the benefits of using telehealth services including reaching rural veterans, reducing distance traveled, maximizing efficiency of provider schedules, and conducting realistic assessments in veterans’ home environments. Success can be attributed to being able to deliver best practice remotely and to the rapport of the TCT with the providers. Cultivating provider buy-in, selecting appropriate outcome measures, and restructuring workflows were additional lessons learned. The VA Video Connect platform is an accessible tool that can be easily learned by both veterans and providers and used beyond initial wheelchair seating evaluations for improved access to follow-up healthcare services.
Lumbar Laminoplasty for Resection of Myxopapillary Ependymoma of the Conus Medullaris: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Strong Michael J , Yee Timothy J , Khalsa Siri Sahib S , Saadeh Yamaan S , North Robert , Oppenlander Mark E 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Myxopapillary ependymomas are slow-growing tumors that are located almost exclusively in the region of the conus medullaris, cauda equina, and filum terminale of the spinal cord. Surgical intervention achieving a gross total resection is the main treatment modality. If, however, a gross total resection cannot be achieved, surgery is augmented with radiation therapy. In this video, we present the case of a 27-yr-old male with persistent back pain and radiculopathy who was found to have a myxopapillary ependymoma that was adherent to the conus. Preoperative imaging demonstrated that the tumor was displacing the conus and nerve roots ventrally. A laminoplasty at L1-L2 was performed with near-total resection because of the intimate involvement of neural tissue. The key features of the video include performing laminoplasty and rationale, and performing maximum safe tumor resection with a combination of bipolar cautery, suction, and ultrasonic aspiration augmented with frequent stimulation, gel foam pledgets intradurally, and achieving a watertight closure of the dura and fascia. The patient tolerated the surgery well without any complications. Given his gross residual disease along the conus and young age, he was at a high risk for continued tumor growth without adjuvant therapy, with a recurrence rate of roughly 33% to 45% in patients who underwent subtotal resection. With the addition of adjuvant radiation therapy, the recurrence rate is 20% to 29%.
1,2
He was discharged to home with a plan for conventional fractionated external beam radiation. At the most recent follow-up, he reported decreased back pain and radiculopathy. Appropriate patient consent was obtained.
Deflating the Many Attitudes Problem
Authors: Baker Derek 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAttitudinal embeddings, such as ‘I hope that murder is wrong’ or ‘she is glad that eating meat is not wrong’ are a less substantial problem for expressivists than is standardly thought. If expressivists are entitled to talk of normative beliefs, they can explain what it is to for an attitude to be semantically related to a normative content in terms of being functionally related to a belief with a normative content.
Glutathione Levels and Glutathione-Glutamate Correlation in Patients With Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia
Authors: Iwata Yusuke , Nakajima Shinichiro , Plitman Eric , Truong Peter , Bani-Fatemi Ali , Caravaggio Fernando , Kim Julia , Shah Parita , Mar Wanna , Chavez Sofia , Remington Gary , Gerretsen Philip , De Luca Vincenzo , Sailasuta Napapon , Graff-Guerrero Ariel 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) has been suggested to involve glutamatergic dysfunction. Glutathione (GSH), a dominant antioxidant, is known to be involved in glutamatergic neurotransmission. To date, no study has examined GSH levels in patients with TRS. The aim of this study was to examine GSH levels in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) of patients with TRS. Patients with schizophrenia were categorized into 3 groups with respect to their antipsychotic response: (1) clozapine (CLZ) nonresponders, (2) CLZ responders, and (3) first-line responders (FLR). GSH and glutamine + glutamate (Glx) levels were measured using 3T proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Firstly, dACC GSH levels were compared among the patient groups and healthy controls (HCs). Further, relationships between GSH and Glx levels were compared between the groups and GSH levels were explored stratifying the patient groups based on the glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic (GCLC) subunit polymorphism. There was no difference in GSH levels between the groups. FLR showed a more negative relationship between GSH and Glx levels in the dACC compared to HCs. There were no effects of GCLC genotype on the GSH levels. However, CLZ responders had a higher ratio of high-risk GCLC genotype compared to CLZ nonresponders. This study demonstrated different relationships between GSH and Glx in the dACC between groups. In addition, the results suggest a potential link between CLZ response and GCLC genotype. However, it still remains unclear how these differences are related to the underlying pathophysiology of schizophrenia subtypes or the mechanisms of action of CLZ.
Total evidence phylogenetic analysis reveals polyphyly ofAnostomoidesand uncovers an unexpectedly ancient genus of Anostomidae fishes (Characiformes)
Authors: Sidlauskas Brian L , Assega Fernando M , Melo Bruno F , Oliveira Claudio , Birindelli José L O 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe nearly 150 species of Anostomidae comprise one of the most diverse and taxonomically dynamic families of Neotropical freshwater fishes. A recent revision of the enigmatic and poorly diagnosed genus Anostomoides demonstrated that it contains two valid species, each with complicated taxonomic histories; however, that study did not address their phylogenetic placement. Herein, we integrate molecular and morphological data to demonstrate their distant evolutionary relationship, and thus the polyphyly of Anostomoides. While we reconstruct one of the species in a previously hypothesized placement within a clade also containing Laemolyta, Rhytiodus and Schizodon, the other represents a morphologically and genetically distinctive lineage that diverged early in the history of the family. We describe and illustrate the osteology of this remarkable species, discuss the evolutionary implications of its unique suite of features, and use those characteristics to diagnose a new genus that evolved independently of all other known members of the family for approximately 37 Myr.