bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linear-Time Temporal Answer Set Programming
Authors: AGUADO FELICIDAD , CABALAR PEDRO , DIÉGUEZ MARTÍN , PÉREZ GILBERTO , SCHAUB TORSTEN , SCHUHMANN ANNA , VIDAL CONCEPCIÓN 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this survey, we present an overview on (Modal) Temporal Logic Programming in view of its application to Knowledge Representation and Declarative Problem Solving. The syntax of this extension of logic programs is the result of combining usual rules with temporal modal operators, as in Linear-time Temporal Logic (LTL). In the paper, we focus on the main recent results of the non-monotonic formalism called Temporal Equilibrium Logic (TEL) that is defined for the full syntax of LTL but involves a model selection criterion based on Equilibrium Logic, a well known logical characterization of Answer Set Programming (ASP). As a result, we obtain a proper extension of the stable models semantics for the general case of temporal formulas in the syntax of LTL. We recall the basic definitions for TEL and its monotonic basis, the temporal logic of Here-and-There (THT), and study the differences between finite and infinite trace length. We also provide further useful results, such as the translation into other formalisms like Quantified Equilibrium Logic and Second-order LTL, and some techniques for computing temporal stable models based on automata constructions. In the remainder of the paper, we focus on practical aspects, defining a syntactic fragment called (modal) temporal logic programs closer to ASP, and explaining how this has been exploited in the construction of the solver telingo, a temporal extension of the well-known ASP solver clingo that uses its incremental solving capabilities.
Forgetting in Answer Set Programming – A Survey
Authors: GONÇALVES RICARDO , KNORR MATTHIAS , LEITE JOÃO 
Published: December 2021

AbstractForgetting – or variable elimination – is an operation that allows the removal, from a knowledge base, ofmiddlevariables no longer deemed relevant. In recent years, many different approaches for forgetting in Answer Set Programming have been proposed, in the form of specific operators, or classes of such operators, commonly following different principles and obeying different properties. Each such approach was developed to address some particular view on forgetting, aimed at obeying a specific set of properties deemed desirable in such view, but a comprehensive and uniform overview of all the existing operators and properties is missing. In this article, we thoroughly examine existing properties and (classes of) operators for forgetting in Answer Set Programming, drawing a complete picture of the landscape of these classes of forgetting operators, which includes many novel results on relations between properties and operators, including considerations on concrete operators to compute results of forgetting and computational complexity. Our goal is to provide guidance to help users in choosing the operator most adequate for their application requirements.
Association between physical-activity trajectories and cognitive decline in adults 50 years of age or older
Authors: Cheval Boris , Csajbók Zsófia , Formánek Tomáš , Sieber Stefan , Boisgontier Matthieu P. , Cullati Stéphane , Cermakova Pavla 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Aims
To investigate the associations of physical-activity trajectories with the level of cognitive performance (CP) and its decline in adults 50 years of age or older.

Methods
We studied 38 729 individuals (63 ± 9 years; 57% women) enrolled in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Physical activity was self-reported and CP was assessed based on immediate recall, verbal fluency and delayed recall. Physical-activity trajectories were estimated using growth mixture modelling and linear mixed-effects models were used to investigate the associations between the trajectories and CP.

Results
The models identified two trajectories of physical activity: constantly high physical activity (N = 27 634: 71%) and decreasing physical activity (N = 11 095; 29%). Results showed that participants in the decreasing physical-activity group exhibited a lower level of CP compared to the high physical-activity group (immediate recall: ß = 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.92–0.95; verbal fluency: ß = 0.98; 95% CI = 0.97–0.98; delayed recall: ß = 0.95; 95% CI = 0.94–0.97). Moreover, compared with participants in the constantly high physical-activity group, participants in the decreasing physical-activity group showed a steeper decline in all cognitive measures (immediate recall: ß = −0.04; 95% CI = −0.05 to −0.04; verbal fluency: ß = −0.22; 95% CI = −0.24 to −0.21; delayed recall: ß = −0.04; 95% CI = −0.05 to −0.04).

Conclusions
Physical-activity trajectories are associated with the level and evolution of CP in adults over 50 years. Specifically, our findings suggest that a decline in physical activity over multiple years is associated with a lower level and a steeper decline in CP.
Vocational Rehabilitation and Labor Market Outcomes: Evidence from World War I Veterans
Authors: Schmick Ethan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article uses a linked sample of World War I Army veterans from the state of Missouri to study the impact of vocational rehabilitation on labor market outcomes for men wounded and disabled during the war. Veterans’ military service abstracts are linked to the 1940 US Census and a subset are linked to rehabilitation records. This creates a new dataset that contains information on military service, rehabilitation, and labor market outcomes. I find that 70 percent of veterans that were both wounded in action and disabled when discharged from the army participated in the rehabilitation program. These same veterans had significantly better labor market outcomes, which can be attributed to the rehabilitation program under certain assumptions.
Fertility Outcomes, Heritability and Genomic Associations of In-Group Preference and In-Group Marriage
Authors: Fieder Martin , Huber Susanne 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUsing data from the Midlife Development in the USA (MIDUS) sample (3070 men and 3182 women) and the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS; 2240 men and 2346 women), we aimed to investigate whether religious, ethnic and racial in-group preferences as well as religious homogamy are associated with reproductive outcome in terms of number of children. Using data from the MIDUS twin sample, we further estimated the inherited genetic component of in-group attitudes. Additionally, we analyzed the association of ∼50 polygenic scores (PGSs) recently published for the WLS study and in-group attitudes as an indicator of potential pleiotropic effects. We found in both samples that, with one exception, religious though not other in-group attitudes are associated with a higher reproductive outcome. Also, religious homogamy is associated with higher average number of children. The inherited component of all in-group attitudes ranges from ∼21% to 45% (MIDUS twin sample). PGSs associated with religious behavior are significantly positively associated with religious in-group attitudes as well as family attitudes. Further associations are found with PGS on life satisfaction (work) and, negatively, with PGS for any sort of addiction (smoking, alcohol and cannabis use), indicating pleiotropy. We conclude that the positive association between religious in-group attitudes as well as religious homogamy and reproductive outcome may indicate selective forces on religious in-group behavior. As all investigated in-group attitudes, however, have a substantial inherited component, we further speculate that potential previous reproductive benefits of racial and ethnic in-group preferences, if they ever existed, might have been substituted by religious in-group preferences.
Lagrangian Observations and Modeling of Turbulence Along a Tidally Influenced River
Authors: Déjeans Bérengère S. , Mullarney Julia C. , MacDonald Iain T. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe examine and model the patterns of velocities and turbulence from flow‐following measurements along a tidally influenced river, collected from the heavily sediment‐laden Kaipara River, New Zealand, using Lagrangian ‘Floc Drifter’ platforms released at different locations and times. Numerical modeling was undertaken in Delft3D with the k−ϵ turbulence closure scheme. While model calibration using Eulerian measurements was classified as excellent, results explored in a Lagrangian framework revealed deficiencies in model performance. Generally, the model reproduced flow speeds and patterns of dissipation rates of turbulent kinetic energy ϵ of the right order of magnitude, but did not always correctly reproduce the observed ϵ, particularly around abrupt meander bends. These discrepancies were attributed partly to errors in velocity predictions, but also indicated that other processes (omitted or not accurately represented in our model) such as wind‐driven mixing and secondary flow strongly influenced turbulence dynamics. Predicted ϵ were relatively consistent across different tidal phases and days, suggesting the bathymetry and geometry of the river were the greatest control on the along‐river structure of turbulence. The vertical and cross‐sectional distributions of turbulent quantities (ϵ, k and ν) displayed larger variations vertically than longitudinally and agree with previous studies. Results show that flow‐following measurements offer a stringent validation for numerical modeling of hydrodynamics over large (riverine) spatial scales at a temporal and spatial resolution not possible with traditional Eulerian measurements. Ultimately, robust numerical predictions of velocities and turbulence are critical to accurately model and predict the dispersal and fate of fine‐sediments in aquatic environments.
Evidence for Deposition of Chloride on Mars From Small‐Volume Surface Water Events Into the Late Hesperian‐Early Amazonian
Authors: Leask Ellen K. , Ehlmann Bethany L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe determine the environmental setting and timing of enigmatic large‐scale chloride deposits on Mars, examining all available high‐resolution imagery globally, building digital elevation models, surveying targeted infrared images intersecting chloride deposits for accessory minerals (e.g., clay, carbonate, and sulfate), and performing crater counting for age‐dating when possible. We find that chloride deposits are commonly draped atop underlying topography, often associated with channels, sometimes perched above deep craters in local topographic lows, and span a wide range of elevations. Where measurable, chloride deposit thicknesses are typically <3 m. The deposits range in elevation over tens of meters, inconsistent with previous hypotheses of playa‐like environments, which are very flat. Chloride deposit elevations within larger basins are typically asymmetric with chloride deposits much higher on the inlet channel side, indicating that (a) surface water runoff was the most likely water source and (b) the basins were likely not filled completely with water in a deep lake setting but rather chlorides formed within a series of shallow ponds. Mass balance allows local sourcing from mobilization of cations and chlorine from dust/soil. Though prior global‐scale studies report chloride deposits superimposed on Noachian terrains, crater‐counting of local, stratigraphically‐associated datable surfaces shows chlorides superimposed on 3.4–2.3 Ga volcanic terrain. This indicates that surface waters forming chloride deposits continued through the Hesperian and into the Amazonian, making them among the latest‐formed, large‐scale deposits of water‐related minerals on Mars. Collectively, data suggest formation from meltwater from episodic ice/snow deposits continuing until 2.0–2.5 Ga.
Contrasting Responses of Soil Inorganic Carbon to Afforestation in Acidic Versus Alkaline Soils
Authors: Hong Songbai , Chen Anping 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAfforestation is recommended as an effective approach for carbon sequestration and environmental benefits. However, it remains less clear, and sometimes controversial, regarding how afforestation may impact soil inorganic carbon (SIC), a crucial component of the ecosystem carbon pool. Using field data from 619 afforested plots and 163 control plots across northern China, we here investigated the relative and absolute differences in SIC between afforested and corresponding control plots. Our results suggested that afforestation increased SIC in acidic soils, while decreased SIC in alkaline soils. Fitting a linear mixed model and further a structure equation model, we found that afforestation‐induced soil pH change was the most significant factor regulating SIC responses. In particular, SIC was more sensitive to pH change in more arid areas, where both soil pH and SIC stocks were high. Other factors could indirectly affect SIC responses to afforestation through modulating soil pH and soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics. Moreover, afforestation‐induced SIC changes also varied considerably among different species of tree plantations and across different soil depths. Importantly, in plantations of Pinus sylvestris var. mongholica, Pinus tabuliformis, and Populus spp., changes in SIC caused by afforestation were even comparable to that in SOC. Overall, our findings provide a data‐based understanding on the comprehensive soil carbon dynamics following afforestation and its underlying mechanisms. With the increased use of afforestation and reforestation as nature‐based solutions to climate change, their associated impacts on SIC need to be taken into account, especially in SIC‐rich areas.
Identification of an mRNA isoform switch for HNRNPA1 in breast cancers
Authors: Erdem Murat , Ozgul İbrahim , Dioken Didem Naz , Gurcuoglu Irmak , Guntekin Ergun Sezen , Cetin-Atalay Rengul , Can Tolga , Erson-Bensan Ayse Elif 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRoles of HNRNPA1 are beginning to emerge in cancers; however, mechanisms causing deregulation of HNRNPA1 function remain elusive. Here, we describe an isoform switch between the 3′-UTR isoforms of HNRNPA1 in breast cancers. We show that the dominantly expressed isoform in mammary tissue has a short half-life. In breast cancers, this isoform is downregulated in favor of a stable isoform. The stable isoform is expressed more in breast cancers, and more HNRNPA1 protein is synthesized from this isoform. High HNRNPA1 protein levels correlate with poor survival in patients. In support of this, silencing of HNRNPA1 causes a reversal in neoplastic phenotypes, including proliferation, clonogenic potential, migration, and invasion. In addition, silencing of HNRNPA1 results in the downregulation of microRNAs that map to intragenic regions. Among these miRNAs, miR-21 is known for its transcriptional upregulation in breast and numerous other cancers. Altogether, the cancer-specific isoform switch we describe here for HNRNPA1 emphasizes the need to study gene expression at the isoform level in cancers to identify novel cases of oncogene activation.
Vibrational disorder and densification-induced homogenization of local elasticity in silicate glasses
Authors: Benzine Omar , Pan Zhiwen , Calahoo Courtney , Bockowski Michal , Smedskjaer Morten M. , Schirmacher Walter , Wondraczek Lothar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe report the effect of structural compaction on the statistics of elastic disorder in a silicate glass, using heterogeneous elasticity theory with the coherent potential approximation (HET-CPA) and a log-normal distribution of the spatial fluctuations of the shear modulus. The object of our study, a soda lime magnesia silicate glass, is compacted by hot-compression up to 2 GPa (corresponding to a permanent densification of ~ 5%). Using THz vibrational spectroscopic data and bulk mechanical properties as inputs, HET-CPA evaluates the degree of disorder in terms of the length-scale of elastic fluctuations and the non-affine part of the shear modulus. Permanent densification decreases the extent of non-affine elasticity, resulting in a more homogeneous distribution of strain energy, while also decreasing the correlation length of elastic heterogeneity. Complementary 29Si magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopic data provide a short-range rationale for the effect of compression on glass structure in terms of a narrowing of the Si–O–Si bond-angle and the Si–Si distance.
Thin films composed of Zr-doped In2O3 grains rich in fracture surfaces and cracks for photoelectrochemical water oxidation
Authors: Yang Shu , Chen Changlong , Wei Yuling , Wang Leshuang , Liu Qiang , Jiang Liya , Li Guobao 
Published: December 2021

Zr-doped In2O3 thin films composed of grains with abundant fracture surfaces and cracks prepared by a two-step method show significantly improved PEC water oxidation performance in comparison with the undoped In2O3 thin films.
Water as a hole-predatory instrument to create metal nanoparticles on triple-conducting oxides
Authors: Kim Jun Hyuk , Hong Jaewoon , Lim Dae-Kwang , Ahn Sejong , Kim Jinwook , Kim Jun Kyu , Oh DongHwan , Jeon SungHyun , Song Sun-Ju , Jung WooChul 
Published: December 2021

Schematics of water-mediated ex-solution and accordingly nano-engineered protonic ceramic fuel cell furnished with the water-mediated ex-solution on a cathode and H2 ex-solution on an anode.
Applying Implementation Science to Support Active Collaboration in Noninvasive Brain–Computer Interface Development and Translation for Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Authors: Pitt Kevin M. , Dietz Aimee 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:The purpose of this article is to consider how, alongside engineering advancements, noninvasive brain–computer interface (BCI) for augmentative and alternative communication (AAC; BCI-AAC) developments can leverage implementation science to increase the clinical impact of this technology. We offer the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) as a structure to help guide future BCI-AAC research. Specifically, we discuss CFIR primary domains that include intervention characteristics, the outer and inner settings, the individuals involved in the intervention, and the process of implementation, alongside pertinent subdomains including adaptability, cost, patient needs and recourses, implementation climate, other personal attributes, and the process of engaging. The authors support their view with current citations from both the AAC and BCI-AAC fields.Conclusions:The article aimed to provide thoughtful considerations for how future research may leverage the CFIR to support meaningful BCI-AAC translation for those with severe physical impairments. We believe that, although significant barriers to BCI-AAC development still exist, incorporating implementation research may be timely for the field of BCI-AAC and help account for diversity in end users, navigate implementation obstacles, and support a smooth and efficient translation of BCI-AAC technology. Moreover, the sooner clinicians, individuals who use AAC, their support networks, and engineers collectively improve BCI-AAC outcomes and the efficiency of translation, the sooner BCI-AAC may become an everyday tool in the AAC arsenal.
X‐band 8 × 8 phased‐array 4‐channel FMCW receiver in 65 nm CMOS technology
Authors: Han Seon‐Ho , Kim Ki‐Su , Koo Bon‐Tae 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOptimized two radar RFICs for an X‐band 8 × 8 phased‐array 4‐channel frequency‐modulated continuous‐wave receiver is proposed using 65‐nm CMOS technology and the beam steering operation of the receiver module is demonstrated. The 8 × 8 phased‐array receiver module is constructed using 16 2 × 2 phased‐array receivers and a 4‐channel receiver for implementation of monopulse radar. The array size is scalable with the proposed two chips solution. The 2 × 2 phased‐array receiver has novel vector‐sum phase‐shifter with 7‐bit resolution in low supply voltage. The measured result of the phase shifter shows 7‐bit phase states with a 0.37° RMS phase error and a 2.17 dB gain error over 360° sweep.
Hierarchical energy management for community microgrids with integration of second‐life battery energy storage systems and photovoltaic solar energy
Authors: Deng Youjun , Zhang Yongxi , Luo Fengji , Mu Yunfei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIt is recognized by academia and industry that second‐life batteries retired from electric vehicles still have use values and can be effectively used for supporting less demanding applications. At present, there lacks investigation on the applications of re‐using retired batteries on serving residential sector's energy management. Motivated by this, this paper studies the scenario of assembling retired batteries to be second‐life battery energy storage systems (SL‐BESSs) and using them to serve the energy demand of residential communities in an affordable manner. Based on an established SL‐BESS model, a two‐level community energy management framework is proposed, which optimizes the schedules of a SL‐BESS and other energy resources in a community subjected to a variety of short‐term operational objectives. In the upper level, a many‐objective optimization model is formulated, which comprehensively integrates four objectives covering the community's multi‐scale operational considerations. A NSGA‐III‐based solving approach is developed to find the non‐dominated solutions of the model. In the lower level, the optimal community scale load reshaping decisions and energy costs obtained from the upper level are allocated to individual houses. Extensive numerical case studies are conducted, and the results show that the proposed system can realize better trade‐off among the different operational considerations with less computational cost.
Observability and detectability analyses for dynamic state estimation of the marginally observable model of a synchronous machine
Authors: Zhou Ning , Wang Shaobu , Zhao Junbo , Huang Zhenyu , Huang Renke 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObservability and detectability analyses are often used to guide the measurement setup and select the estimation models used in dynamic state estimation (DSE). Yet, marginally observable states of a synchronous machine prevent the direct application of conventional observability and detectability analyses in determining the existence of a DSE observer. To address this issue, the authors propose to identify the marginally observable states and their associate eigenvalues by finding the smallest perturbation matrices that make the system unobservable. The proposed method extends the observability and detectability analyses to marginally observable estimation models, often encountered in the DSE of a synchronous machine. The effectiveness and application of the proposed method are illustrated on the IEEE 10‐machine 39‐bus system, verified using the unscented Kalman filter and the extended Kalman filter, and compared with conventional methods. The proposed analysis method can be applied to guide the selection of estimation models and measurements to determine the existence of a DSE observer in power‐system planning.