bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Naringenin Protects Hepato-Renal Tissues Against Antituberculosis Drugs Induced Toxic Manifestations by Modulating IL-6, IGF-1, CYP2E1, Biochemical and Ultra-Structural Integrity
Authors: Sahu Nisha , Rakshit Samrat , Nirala Satendra Kumar , Bhadauria Monika 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Adverse drug reactions are unavoidable risk factors allied with use of modern medicines. First-line anti-tuberculosis drugs (ATDs) contribute to diverse pathological complications lead to severe oxidative stress and cause hepato-renal injury. This study was designed to investigate protective potential of naringenin to limit ATDs (combination of pyrazinamide, ethambutol, isoniazid and rifampicin) induced hepato-renal injury. The dose of ATDs was converted from human dose into rat dose and three different doses (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) of naringenin was administered conjointly through oral route on alternate days for 8 weeks and every Sunday was a rest day. One-way ANOVA (P≤0.05) followed by Tukey’s post hoc HSD test determined statistical significance. Results indicated significant increase in IL-6, triglycerides, cholesterol, bilirubin but depletion in IGF-1, albumin and glucose in serum after exposure to ATDs. Lipid peroxidation in microsomes and CYP2E1 enzyme activity was also increased significantly whereas, a severe depletion of endogenous antioxidants including GR, GPx and G-6-PDH was observed. Ultra-structural observations of liver and kidney showed marked deviation in plasma membranes of various cellular and sub-cellular organelles. Conjoint treatment of naringenin counteracted ATDs induced toxic manifestations by regulating IL-6, IGF-1, biochemical and ultra-structural integrity in a dose dependent manner. Naringenin also inhibited the depletion of CYP2E1 enzyme as it provided help for biotransformation of ATDs. These findings demonstrated that naringenin provided protection against ATDs induced hepato-renal injury by balancing oxidative stress and inflammation via upregulating antioxidant enzymes.
Improving Quality of Service Provisioning of Optimised Cuckoo Search Ad Hoc on-demand Distance Vector Routing Scheme for Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks.
Authors: Moila Ramahlapane Lerato , velempini Mthulisi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Spectrum mobility, cloud computing and the Internet of Things (IoTs) create large data sets, while the demand for more spectrum is increasing. Unfortunately, the spectrum is a scarce resource which is being underutilized by licensed users. The cognitive radio network, also known as intelligent radio, is a network that can adjust to environment changes and, detect available channels. It has emerged as a promising solution for the underutilization of the licensed spectrum and overcrowded free spectrum. Furthermore, given spectrum mobility, frequent link breakages impact negatively on the delivery of packets and the performance of the network. Hence there is need to address the routing problem. We therefore investigated which control methods can be utilized to improve the QoS provisioning in CRAHNs to minimize the signal overhead and to increase the achievable throughput.The study integrated the QoS requirements with optimized cuckoo search (OCS) algorithm to enhance the ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) algorithm to establish a scheme we refer to as OCS-AODV. NS 2 simulation were run on Linux operating system. The comparative results show that the proposed scheme performed well in terms of end-to-end delay and throughput. However, the scheme does not backup alternative paths which can be used in the event of link breakages. The route discovery has to be re-initiated again. Though the route discovery process is faster because of the capability of the CS technique, it still degrades the performance of the scheme.
Four-dimensional hydrogel-in-hydrogel bioprinting for the spatiotemporal control of organoid and organotypic cultures
Authors: Elvassore Nicola , Urciuolo Anna , Giobbe Giovanni , Dong Yixiao , Michielin Federica , brandolino Luca , Magnussen Michael , Gagliano Onelia , Selmin Giulia , Scattolini Valentina , Raffa Paolo , Shibuya Soichi , Wang Xuechun , Qu Ju , Nikolic Marko , Montagner Marco , Clevers Hans , Giomo Monica , De Coppi Paolo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Tissue architecture is a driving force for morphogenetic processes during development as well as for several physiological and regenerative responses. Far from being a passive static environment, tissue architecture is highly dynamic. Hydrogel technology reproduces in vitro geometrical and mechanical constrains that control the three-dimensional self-organization of (3D) organoids and organ-like cultures. This control is restricted to the initial culture conditions and cannot be adapted to the dynamic morphological changes of complex 3D cultures during their developmental trajectory. Here, we developed a method that overcomes this spatiotemporal limit. Using 2P crosslinking approach, high resolution 3D hydrogel structures can be fabricated within pre-existing hydrogel with spatiotemporal (four-dimensional, 4D) control relative to ex-vivo organotypic or organoid culture. This hydrogel-in-hydrogel bioprinting approach enables to continuously instruct the self-organization of the evolving 3D organ-like cultures.
Serum Myoglobin Potentiates Acute Kidney Injury Following Exertional Heatstroke and Its Mechanisms Involved Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Associated Ferroptosis
Authors: Luan Ying-yi , Huang En-ping , Zhou Rong-ping , Huang Jia-jia , Yang Zhen-jia , Zhou Zhi-peng , Zhang Jingjing , Liu Yan , Liu Zhi-feng , Wu Ming 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Myoglobin released by rhabdomyolysis (RM) is considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of kidney disease caused by crush injury, but whether a high level of serum myoglobin predisposes patients to acute kidney injury (AKI) and increases mortality following exertional heatstroke (EHS) and its molecular mechanisms are still unclear. Methods: Serum myoglobin concentrations in patients with EHS were measured at admission, 24 h and 48 h after admission and discharge. The risk of AKI at 48 hours was the primary outcome, AKI at discharge and death at 90 days were the secondary outcome. In experimental studies, we further investigated the mechanisms of human kidney proximal tubular (HK-2) cells that were exposed to human myoglobin under heat stress conditions and the effect of baicalein.Results: The myoglobin levels were assessed in 187 patients who were undergoing EHS, 82 who were undergoing AKI. The highest myoglobin quartile (vs. the lowest) had an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 18.95 (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.00 to 59.83) for the primary outcome and the OR (vs. quartile 2) was 7.92 (95% CI, 1.62 to 38.89) for the secondary outcome. The survival rate of HK-2 cells treated with myoglobin under heat stress was significantly decreased, and the production of Fe2+ and ROS was markedly increased, accompanied by changes in ferroptosis proteins, including increased p53, decreased SLC7A11 and GPX4, and alterations in ERS marker proteins. Treatment with baicalein attenuated HK-2 cell ferroptosis induced by myoglobin under heat stress through inhibition of ERS. Conclusions: High serum myoglobin levels were associated with AKI and mortality following EHS, which mechanisms involved ferroptosis and ERS. Baicalein-targeted ERS- ferroptosis may be a potential therapeutic drug for the treatment of AKI in patients with RM after EHS.
Zika virus impacts extracellular vesicle composition and cellular gene expression in macaque early gestation trophoblasts
Authors: Block Lindsey , Schmidt Jenna Kropp , McKeon Megan , Bowman Brittany , Wiepz Gregory , Golos Thaddeus 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection at the maternal-placental interface is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes including fetal demise and pregnancy loss. To determine how infection impacts placental trophoblasts, we utilized rhesus macaque trophoblast stem cells (TSC) that can be differentiated into early gestation syncytiotrophoblasts (ST) and extravillous trophoblasts (EVT). TSCs and STs, but not EVTs, were highly permissive to productive infection with ZIKV strain DAK AR 41524. The impact of ZIKV on the cellular transcriptome showed that infection of TSCs and STs increased expression of immune related genes, including those involved in type I and type III interferon responses. ZIKV exposure altered extracellular vesicle (EV) protein, mRNA, and miRNA cargo, regardless of productive infection. These findings suggest that early gestation macaque TSCs and STs are permissive to ZIKV infection, and that EV analysis may provide a foundation for identifying non-invasive biomarkers of placental infection in a highly translational model.
IDC: Quantitative Evaluation Benchmark of Interpretation Methods for Deep Text Classification Models
Authors: Khaleel Mohammed , Qi Lei , Tavanapong Wallapak , Wong Johnny , Sukul Adisak , Peterson David 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Recent advances in deep neural networks have achieved outstanding success in natural language processing. Due to the success and the black-box nature of the deep models, interpretation methods that provide insight into the decision-making process of the models have received an influx of research attention. However, there is no quantitative evaluation comparing interpretation methods for text classification other than observing classification accuracy or prediction confidence when important word grams are removed. This is due to the lack of interpretation ground truth. Manual labeling of a large interpretation ground truth is time-consuming. We propose IDC, a new benchmark for quantitative evaluation of I nterpretation methods for D eep text C lassification models. IDC consists of three methods that take existing text classification ground truth and generate three corresponding pseudo-interpretation ground truth datasets. We propose to use interpretation recall, interpretation precision, and Cohen’s kappa inter-agreement as performance metrics. We used the pseudo ground truth datasets and the metrics to evaluate six interpretation methods.
Risk of Developing Perforations and Abscesses for Patients With Appendicitis, With Regards to Duration of Symptoms. A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Authors: Andrésson Gunnar , Kristínardóttir Árný 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
ObjectiveSome studies have supported delayed appendectomy citing that the risk of perforation does not increase until beyond 24-48 hours of hospitalization. This retrospective cohort study looked at the relationship of duration of symptoms and the prevalence of perforated appendicitis. To evaluate if a delayed approach would be justifiable.MethodsBetween 1st of January 2018 and 30th of March 2020, there were N=1274 patients, 40 years or younger, suspected of appendicitis at the National University Hospital of Iceland. n=658 had appendicitis and n=105 of them had a perforated appendix. ResultsRelative risk for perforations depending on duration of symptoms were; 6.4, 14.7, 20.2 and 27.1 for 24-48, 48-72, 72-96, and over 96 hours, respectively, compared to 0-24 hours (p < 0.001). There was also a significant correlation with increased duration of symptoms and prolonged hospital stay for patients with appendicitis (p < 0.0001 and rho = 0.36). ConclusionThis indicates that perforations are dependent on the duration of the symptomatic period, and it is probably beneficial to react early and not postpone the workup or treatment past 24 hours.
Aerosol Release, Distribution and Prevention during Aerosol Therapy: A Simulated Model for Infection Control.
Authors: Eain Marc Mac Giolla , Cahill Ronan , MacLoughlin Ronan , Nolan Kevin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Aerosol therapy is used to deliver medical therapeutics directly to the airways to treat respiratory illnesses. A potential side-effect of this form of treatment is the release of fugitive aerosols into the environment and the exposure of caregivers, other patients, and bystanders to potential viral infections. The aim of this work was to use both flow visualisation and aerosol particle characterisation techniques to study the dispersion, concentrations and size distributions of fugitive aerosols emitted during aerosol therapy delivered via a standard mouthpiece.Methods: Aerosol therapy was delivered via a nebuliser, aerosol holding chamber and mouthpiece to a spontaneously breathing adult patient model that could mimic the release of patient-derived bioaerosol. A combination of laser and Schlieren imaging were used to non-invasively visualise the release and dispersion of fugitive aerosol particles. Time varying aerosol particle number concentrations and size distributions were measured with optical particle sizers at clinically relevant positions. Results: The addition of a capture filter to the expiratory port of the mouthpiece significantly reduced the release and spread of fugitive aerosols. Capture filters were effective in curtailing the release of fugitive aerosols of respirable size, ≤ 5 µm in diameter (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: The findings suggest that, where possible, capture filters should be added to the expiratory ports of all aerosol therapy devices to prevent airborne transmission of respiratory illnesses and create safer conditions for healthcare workers and patients.
Monomorphic Epitheliotropic Intestinal T Cell Lymphoma With Lower Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Zhou Cheng , Yang Lin , Xiao Hai-Juan , Ma Xiao-Yan , Li Rui-Ni , Fang Yu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Enteropathy-associated T cell lymphoma(EATL) is a kind of malignant lymphoma with strong invasiveness. Due to poor effect of conventional symptomatic treatment, the prognosis is not as good as other T-cell lymphomas. A 63-year-old man was admitted to our hospital due to hematochezia. No definite cause was found by electronic gastroscopy and electronic colonoscopy. After symptomatic treatment, the patient's condition did not show significant remission. However, he refused further examination and was discharged. Two months later, the man was admitted to our hospital again due to hematochezia. The site of the lesion was found by capsule endoscopy and small intestinal endoscopy, and the nature of the lesion was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The patient received chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation after a definite diagnosis. No recurrence or metastasis has been found in an 18-months follow-up after treatment.
Direct Transcriptomic Comparison of Xenobiotic Metabolism and Toxicity Pathway Induction of Airway Epithelium Models at an Air Liquid Interface Generated from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Primary Bronchial Epithelial Cells
Authors: Djidrovski Ivo , Georgiou Maria , Tasinato Elena , Leonard Martin O. , Bor Jelle Van den , Lako Majlinda , armstrong lyle 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The airway epithelium represents the main barrier between inhaled air and the tissues of the respiratory tract and is therefore an important point of contact with xenobiotic substances into the human body. Several studies have recently shown that in vitro models of the airway grown at an air liquid interface (ALI) can be particularly useful to obtain mechanistic information about the toxicity of chemical compounds. However, such methods are not very amenable to high throughput since the primary cells cannot be expanded indefinitely in culture to obtain a sustainable number of cells. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have become a popular option in the recent years for modelling the airways of the lung, but despite progress in the field, such models have so far not been assessed for their ability to metabolise xenobiotic compounds and how they compare to the primary bronchial airway model (pBAE). Here we report a comparative analysis by TempoSeq (oligo directed sequencing) of an iPSC derived airway model (iBAE) with a primary bronchial airway model (pBAE). The iBAE and pBAE were differentiated at an ALI and then evaluated in a 5-compound screen with exposure to a sub lethal concentration of each compound for 24 hours. We found that despite lower expression of xenobiotic metabolism genes, that the iBAE similarly predicted the toxic pathways when compared to the pBAE model. Our results show that iPSC airway models at ALI show promise for inhalation toxicity assessments with further development.
Evaluation of Hydraulic Performance On Lower Areb Small Scale Irrigation Scheme Amhara, Ethiopia
Authors: Angualie Gashaw Sintayehu , Belayneh Alemshet , Berhanu Kibru Gedam , Munye Tirunesh Muluken , Ejigu Kefale , Alemu Chalachew , Tamirat Dawit Munye 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study was conducted in the Lower Areb small-scale irrigation scheme for one crop season from March to May 2018 to evaluate the hydraulic performance of the scheme by estimating the hydraulic performance indicators, physical performance indicators, and maintenance performance indicators. The primary data including water flow rate, soil physical properties, and water infiltration were collected. The secondary data collected were climatic, crop data, and data from different reports and design documents including the irrigation water users' interviews. The hydraulic performance of the irrigation scheme was evaluated by estimating adequacy, efficiency, dependability, and equity indicators at nine selected offtakes; three each at the head, middle, and tail reaches of the scheme. The physical performance and maintenance indicators were determined using the irrigation ratio, the sustainability of the irrigated area, the effectiveness of infrastructure, and the water surface elevation ratio. The data were analyzed by using CROPWAT 8.0, ARC GIS 10.1 software, and Microsoft Excel 2013. The overall average values of adequacy, efficiency, dependability, and equity were found to be 0.89. 0.91, 0.096 and 0.07 respectively. Therefore, dependability, equity, and efficiency were under good condition and adequacy was under fair condition. The irrigation ratio and sustainability of irrigated areas were 54% and 123% respectively. The effectiveness of infrastructure and water surface elevation ratios were 73.33% and 94% respectively.
Hepatitis E Seroprevalence and Risk Factors in Humans and pig in Ghana
Authors: Bagulo Husein , Majekodunmi Ayodele O. , Welburn Susan C. , Bimi Langbong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Although Hepatitis E has significant negative impact on the health and wellbeing of underprivileged populations, the burden of HEV in Ghana is still unclear, despite widespread conditions that predispose people to the risk of infection.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore rates of HEV exposure and active infection, as well as risk factors in humans and domestic pigs in Ghana. The study involved 1365 community members, 105 pig farmers and 474 domestic pigs from four administrative regions of Ghana.
Results
Results showed overall seroprevalence and actual prevalence of 12.4% and 0.7% in community members and 15.2% and 2.9% in pig farmers respectively. There was no significant difference in seroprevalence between the two groups (Z = 0.851; p = 0.395). However, the prevalence in pig farmers was significantly higher than in other community members (Z = 2.412; p = 0.016). Age (OR = 1.369, CI = 1.243 – 1.508; p = 0.0000), gender (OR = 1.419, CI = 1.101 – 1.991; p = 0.043), and the region of residence (OR = 1.569, CI = 1.348 – 1.827; p = 0.0000) were significant risk factors for HEV seroprevalence in a multivariate regression model.
Spinal Nerve Block and Recovery after Spinal Anesthesia in Frail Patients - a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Lee Tzu-Ling , Su Yi-Kai , Chang Yun-Chi , Chen Tzu-Shan , Lam Chen-Fuh 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundFrailty in surgical patients is associated with significantly higher incidences of perioperative mortality and complications. Although neuraxial anesthesia is preferable alternative to general anesthesia in frail patients, it remains undetermined whether the pharmacodynamic profiles of local anesthetics used in intrathecal spinal nerve blocks are altered in this population.MethodsThis prospective observational cohort study recruited 62 patients scheduled for operations that were able to be performed under spinal anesthesia between April 22 to June 30, 2020 in our hospitals. Levels of dermatome blockage after spinal anesthesia and the recovery of spinal nerve sensory and motor function were recorded.ResultsThe prevalence of frailty in patients receiving spinal anesthesia in this study was 25.8%. Compared with non-frail patients, frail patients were significantly older, had a higher proportion of females, and tolerated less intense metabolic equivalent activities. The pre-surgical incision sensory blockage levels were not different between frail and non-frail patients following intrathecal administration of similar dose of bupivacaine. Time intervals to pain sensation at surgical sites (sensory recovery) and voluntary knee flexion (motor recovery) were also similar between the frail and non-frail groups. But, frail patients were associated with more episodes of hypotension and required more vasopressors during operations.ConclusionOur study illustrates that bupivacaine sensitivity in spinal nerve blocks is not significantly affected by frailty. However, special attention should be paid to correct intraoperative hypotension after spinal anesthesia in frail patients.
Association Between Dairy and Ischemic Heart Disease Among Chinese Adult: A Prospective Study in Qingdao
Authors: Song Jiahui , Pan Chi , Li Feifei , Guo Yu , Pei Pei , Tian Xiaocao , Wang Shaojie , Gao Ruqin , Pang Zengchang , Chen Zhengming , Li Liming 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

Previous studies linking dairy consumption with ischemic heart disease (IHD) are almost from western countries, few from China. The present study was to explore the relationship between dairy consumption and IHD among Chinese adults.
Methods

The data for the present study was from the prospective cohort study of China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) in Qingdao, a total of 33,355 participants in the present study. An interviewer-administered laptop-based questionnaire was used to collect information on the consumption frequency of dairy, incident IHD cases were identified through Disease Surveillance Point System (DSPs) and the new national health insurance databases. Cox regression analyses were performed to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and confidence interval (CI) for the relationship between the incidence of IHD and dairy consumption.
Results

The baseline survey reported that 32.4% of males and 34.6% of females consumed dairy regularly (i.e. ≥4 days/week). Over an average of 9.2 years follow-up, 2,712 new-onset IHD were documented. Compared with participants who never or rarely consume dairy, the hazard ratio (HR) of consumed dairy regularly was 0.85(0.73-0.98) for males (P<0.05), while no significant benefits were identified for females.
Conclusions

In Chinese adults, regular dairy consumption had an inverse association to the onset of IHD only for males, while no similar association for females.