bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory ability of Lactobacillus fermentum CQPC10 on lead toxicity induced by lead acetate in rats
Authors: Zhao Xin , Li Qin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study studied the adsorption of Lactobacillus fermentum CQPC10 (LF-CQPC10) to induce lead acetate. The animal experiments showed that LF-CQPC10 reduced SD rat serum, liver, kidney and brain lead and maintained the cellular structure and state of liver and kidney tissues. Furthermore, LF-CQPC10 could improve anti-inflammatory cytokinine by reducing anti-inflammatory cytokinine IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ and raising IL-10. At the same time, LF-CQPC10 can also enhance the δ-ALAD enzyme activity and decrease the enzyme activities of ATL and AST, and decrease the contents of serum BUN and CRE of rats with lead toxicity injury. Compared with EDTA, LF-CQPC10 not only has better lead ion degradation ability, but also has better anti-inflammatory and organ protection effects. As a lactic acid bacteria, which can be used in food industry, LF-CQPC10 reduce the lead content and lead toxicity in food.
Study on the Effect Difference of Two Kinds of Control Techniques on Cracking Fruit of Qingcui Plum
Authors: Yan Gong , Youting Yang , Ling Li , Xin Zeng , Yuhui Bie , Huiqiong Mao , Lixinyi Wang , Bo Xiong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this experiment, Qingcui plum in Xuanhan County of Dazhou City was used as the material. Aiming at the problem of fruit cracking, the cracking rate of different prevention measures was investigated by surface mulching, root irrigation, and foliar spraying of three different Ca fertilizers. The cell growth rate and cell wall composition were determined. The results showed that surface mulching and foliar spraying had significant effects on reducing fruit cracking rate; root irrigation greatly aggravating fruit cracking; the effect of foliar spraying calcium glycol was significantly better than that of foliar spraying calcium nitrate and calcium amino acid. During the second rapid fruit expansion period, the growth rate of pulp cells was always higher than that of pericarp cells, the pectin content of the fruit showed a downward trend, and the pectin content of the cracked fruit was significantly lower than that of the normal fruit; the cellulose content of the cracked fruit was significantly lower than that of the normal fruit. Therefore, the fruit cracking may be caused by the uncoordinated growth of pulp and peel, and the lack of pectin and cellulose.
Effects of different fruit-preserving and puffing-fruit formulations on the formation of berry russet and fruit quality of ‘Shine Muscat’ Grape
Authors: Qi Yaxin , Huang Yan , Wang Pei , Wang Jin , Liu Fang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Absrtact. In this study, 5 years-old ‘Shine Muscat’ grapes were used as experimental materials to study the effects of different fruit-preserving and puffing-fruit formulations on the formation of fruit russet and fruit quality of ‘Shine Muscat’ grapes by using random block experiment and spraying water as control. The results showed that J3 treatment significantly decreased the fruit russet index, but significantly increased the fruit weight, brightness value, yellow saturation and soluble sugar content of ‘Shine Muscat’ grapes. The content of phenolic compounds in pericarp was decreased by different formulas, which indicated that the formation of fruit russet was closely related to the accumulation of phenolic compounds. The content of lignin in the pericarp was decreased by different treatments at fruit ripening stage, and the content of lignin in J3 treatment was the lowest, which indicated that it inhibited lignin production. The results of this experiment can provide guidance for the high-quality production of ‘Shine Muscat’ grape.
A method for quantification of heat resistance of quality in different wheat cultivars
Authors: Li Qiang , Meng Xianghai , Li Ding , Zhao Minghui , Sun Shuluan , Li Yuan , Lu Guanli , Qiao Wenchen 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Heat stress seriously affects wheat production in many regions of the world. At present, due to the lack of effective methods to quantify heat stress and heat tolerance of different wheat varieties, heat tolerance research is still the weakest field in wheat genetics and breeding. A new index heat resistance index of quality (HRIQ) as an indicator of both quality potential and quality stability was calculated for heat resistance quantification. HRIQ of Zeleny was highly significantly positively correlated with Zeleny under normal treatment (R2 = 0.8605, P < 0.01), and negatively correlated with the change rate of Zeleny under heat stress (R2= 0.7707, P < 0.01). HRIQ of protein content was highly significantly positively correlated with protein content under normal treatment (R2 = 0.7169, P < 0.01), and negatively correlated with the change rate of protein content under heat stress (R2 = 0.7432, P < 0.01). In this study, 14 varieties with better quality and heat stability, such as Xiaoyan 60 and Kenong 1006 were identified, which can be applied to improve the heat stability of Wheat quality.
Effect of working parameter on droplet deposition in pumpkin top dressing using multi-rotor UAV
Authors: Jingxin Xie , Changzheng HE , Limin Yao , Liang Zhang , Sihui Dai , Ming LI , Wei Zhang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
With the wide utilization of UAV in agricultural experiment and field management, plant protection UAV became a highly usage equipment for famers. Topdressing for pumpkin is important, when pumpkin fruit are expanding. It is difficult for farmers and other spraying machines to work on the farm, because all the fields is covered with leaves and stalks. A field test were launched to explore UAV working parameters on pumpkin topdressing, and distribution of droplets on face or back leave were measured to reflect the spraying quality and quantity of machine. During filed experiment, parameters of each flight was set by auto-flight system, and flight speed was stable. Through field experiment and data analysis, it was found that when the flying height was 2.5 m and the flying speed was 3 m/s, the total amount of droplet deposition reached the maximum, and the droplet attachment level on the back leaves was the highest. This parameters could be a guidance when using UAV for topdressing in pumpkin or other kinds of crops.
Textual Evaluation and Formulation Research of Low-calorie Buckwheat Moon Cake Crust
Authors: Li Guixia , Huang Congcong , Lan Xiaoguang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper, nine different formulas of buckwheat moon cake crust were used as research objects, and a new type of low-calorie buckwheat crust moon cake was developed through sensory evaluation and TPA test parameters. The best formulation of moon cake crust is buckwheat flour/high gluten flour (W: W) 60:40, invert sugar 32.5%, maltitol syrup 32.5%, peanut oil 15%, gum 0.2%. Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) showed that the hardness and chewiness decreased, but the cohesiveness increased as enlarge the amount of buck wheat flour. With addition of gum, hardness decreased, but chewiness increased. With loss of peanut oil, cohesiveness decreased.
Effect of drying on the quality of raw tea of Pu’er tea
Authors: Li Simengyu , Xu Jingtian , Fu Yuqian , Liu Liping , Wang Ruifang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Fresh leaves were selected as raw materials to investigate the effect of drying on the quality of raw tea of Pu’er tea. The results showed that tea polyphenols were highest in solar drying (S), followed by oven drying (O) treatment, which was significantly higher than that of 27.7% in insolated and then airing (IA) treatment. Moisture content, amino acid content and water leachates content were significantly lower in S and O treatments than in IA treatment. In the sensory results, the highest score was 77.66 points for S, followed by insolated and then oven drying (IO), and then baked and then solar drying (BS) treatment. Therefore, oven drying can be used to maximize the quality of tea leaves when the sun-baked raw tea production process encounters unfavorable factors.
Topological protection of highly entangled non-Gaussian two-photon states
Authors: Tschernig Konrad , Lo Franco Rosario , Ivanov Misha , Bandres Miguel A , Busch Kurt , Perez-Leija Armando 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We study theoretically the evolution of entangled non-Gaussian two-photon states in disordered topological lattices. Specifically, we consider spatially entangled two-photon states, modulated by Laguerre polynomials up to the 3rd order, which feature ring-shaped spatial and spectral correlation patterns. Such states are discrete analogs of photon-subtracted squeezed states, which are ubiquitous in optical quantum information processing or sensing applications. We find that, in general, a higher degree of entanglement coincides with a loss of topological protection against disorder, this is in line with previous results for Gaussian two-photon states. However, we identify a particular regime in the parameter space of the considered non-Gaussian states, where the situation is reversed and an increase of entanglement can be beneficial for the transport of two-photon quantum states through disordered regions.
Non-CpG methylation—a key epigenetic modification in cancer
Authors: Ramasamy Deepa , Deva Magendhra Rao Arunagiri Kuha , Rajkumar Thangarajan , Mani Samson 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The methylation of cytosine residues that precede adenine/thymine or other cytosine nucleotides instead of guanine in DNA is known as non-CpG methylation. It is a pronounced epigenetic modification with a central role in gene regulation similar to CpG methylation. Due to technological limitations, the locus-specific role of non-CpG methylation was scarcely understood. At present, high-throughput analyses and improved enrichment methods can elucidate the role of genome-wide non-CpG methylation distributions. Although the functional basis of non-CpG methylation in regulating gene expression control is known, its role in cancer development is yet to be ascertained. This review sheds light on the possible mechanism of non-CpG methylation in embryos and developed tissues with a special focus on cancer development and progression. In particular, the maintenance and alteration of non-CpG methylation levels and the crucial factors that determine this level of non-CpG methylation and its functional role in cancer are discussed.
Published anti-SARS-CoV-2 in vitro hits share common mechanisms of action that synergize with antivirals
Authors: Xing Jing , Paithankar Shreya , Liu Ke , Uhl Katie , Li Xiaopeng , Ko Meehyun , Kim Seungtaek , Haskins Jeremy , Chen Bin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The global efforts in the past year have led to the discovery of nearly 200 drug repurposing candidates for COVID-19. Gaining more insights into their mechanisms of action could facilitate a better understanding of infection and the development of therapeutics. Leveraging large-scale drug-induced gene expression profiles, we found 36% of the active compounds regulate genes related to cholesterol homeostasis and microtubule cytoskeleton organization. Following bioinformatics analyses revealed that the expression of these genes is associated with COVID-19 patient severity and has predictive power on anti-SARS-CoV-2 efficacy in vitro. Monensin, a top new compound that regulates these genes, was further confirmed as an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 replication in Vero-E6 cells. Interestingly, drugs co-targeting cholesterol homeostasis and microtubule cytoskeleton organization processes more likely present a synergistic effect with antivirals. Therefore, potential therapeutics could be centered around combinations of targeting these processes and viral proteins.
Global parental leave in surgical careers: differences according to gender, geographical regions and surgical career stages
Authors: Au S , Bellato V , Carvas J M , Córdoba C D , Daudu D , Dziakova J , Eltarhoni K , El Feituri N , Fung A C H , Fysaraki C , Gallo G , Gultekin F Ayca , Harbjerg J L , Hatem F , Ioannidis A , Jakobsen L , Clinch D , Kristensen H Ø , Kuiper S Z , Kwok A M F , Kwok W , Millan M , Milto K M , Ng H J , Pellino G , Picciariello A , Pronin S , van Ramshorst G H , Ramser M , Jiménez-Rodríguez R M , Sainz Hernandez J C , Samadov E , Sohrabi S , Uchiyama M , Wang J H-S , Younis M U , Fleming S , Alhomoud S , Mayol J , Moeslein G , Smart N J , Soreide K , Teh C , Verran D , Maeda Y 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
There is a lack of information regarding the provision of parental leave for surgical careers. This survey study aims to evaluate the experience of maternity/paternity leave and views on work–life balance globally.

Methods
A 55-item online survey in 24 languages was distributed via social media as per CHERRIES guideline from February to March 2020. It explored parental leave entitlements, attitude towards leave taking, financial impact, time spent with children and compatibility of parenthood with surgical career.

Results
Of the 1393 (male : female, 514 : 829) respondents from 65 countries, there were 479 medical students, 349 surgical trainees and 513 consultants. Consultants had less than the recommended duration of maternity leave (43.8 versus 29.1 per cent), no paid maternity (8.3 versus 3.2 per cent) or paternity leave (19.3 versus 11.0 per cent) compared with trainees. Females were less likely to have children than males (36.8 versus 45.6 per cent, P = 0.010) and were more often told surgery is incompatible with parenthood (80.2 versus 59.5 per cent, P &lt; 0.001). Males spent less than 20 per cent of their salary on childcare and fewer than 30 hours/week with their children. More than half (59.2 per cent) of medical students did not believe a surgical career allowed work–life balance.

Conclusion
Surgeons across the globe had inadequate parental leave. Significant gender disparity was seen in multiple aspects.
Mathematics Meets Science in the Brain
Authors: Wang Li , Li Mengyi , Yang Tao , Wang Li , Zhou Xinlin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Mathematics and science are highly integrated disciplines, but the brain association between mathematics and science remains unclear. The current study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans of 34 undergraduates (17 males, mean age = 20.3±1.64 years old) while they completed mathematical, physical and chemical principles, arithmetic computation, and sentence comprehension. We examined neural activation level, neural activation pattern, and neural connectivity to investigate the neural associations between mathematics and science (including physics and chemistry). The results showed that mathematical, physical, and chemical principles elicited similar neural activation level and neural activation pattern in the visuospatial network (mainly in the middle frontal gyrus and inferior parietal lobule), which were different from those elicited by sentence comprehension; those three principles also elicited similar neural activation level and neural activation pattern in the semantic network (mainly in the middle temporal gyrus, angular gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex), in contrast to that elicited by arithmetic computation. Effective connectivity analyses showed stronger connectivity between the middle temporal gyrus and inferior parietal lobule for mathematical, physical, and chemical principles than for sentence comprehension. The results suggest that visuospatial and semantic networks were critical for processing both mathematics and science.
Microscopic Colitis in Denmark: Regional Variations in Risk Factors and Frequency of Endoscopic Procedures
Authors: Weimers Petra , Vedel Ankersen Dorit , Lophaven Søren N , Bonderup Ole K , Münch Andreas , Lynge Elsebeth , Løkkegaard Ellen Christine Leth , Munkholm Pia , Burisch Johan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objective
Microscopic colitis [MC], encompassing collagenous colitis [CC] and lymphocytic colitis [LC], is an increasingly prevalent gastrointestinal disease with an unknown aetiology. Previous research has reported significant differences in the incidence of MC within Denmark, with the lowest incidence found in the most populated region [Capital Region of Denmark]. Our aim was to elucidate the causes of these regional differences.

Design
All incident MC patients [n = 14 302] with a recorded diagnosis of CC [n = 8437] or LC [n = 5865] entered in The Danish Pathology Register between 2001 and 2016 were matched to 10 reference individuals [n = 142 481]. Information regarding drug exposure, including proton pump inhibitors [PPIs], selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [SSRIs], statins, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs], were retrieved from The Danish National Prescription Registry. Information regarding endoscopy rate, smoking-related diseases, and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases were acquired from The Danish National Patient Registry.

Results
Smoking, immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, exposure to PPIs, SSRIs, statins, and NSAIDs were significantly associated with MC in all Danish regions. The association between drug exposure and MC was weakest in the Capital Region of Denmark with an odds ratio of 1.8 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.61–2.01). The relative risk of undergoing a colonoscopy with biopsy was significantly increased in sex- and age-matched controls in all regions compared with controls from the Capital Region of Denmark, with the greatest risk found in the Region of Southern Denmark, 1.37 [95% CI: 1.26–1.50].

Conclusions
The cause of the regional differences in MC incidence in Denmark seems to be multifactorial, including variations in disease awareness and distribution of risk factors.
Mapping Changes in Attitudes towards Gays and Lesbians in Europe: An Application of Diffusion Theory
Authors: Dotti Sani Giulia M , Quaranta Mario 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Despite the introduction of laws granting family rights for lesbians and gays (LG) in many countries, negative attitudes towards homosexuality persist among various segments of the population, even in countries that have fully legitimized same-sex relationships. This mismatch raises questions about the processes through which societies achieve positive attitudes towards gays and lesbians. This article applies diffusion theory to nearly 20 years of European Social Survey data for 27 countries to provide an in-depth examination of the evolution of attitudes towards gays and lesbians. Using data on same-sex legislation and cluster analysis, we construct a classification of countries distinguishing among those that are more versus less ahead in the process of granting family rights for LG couples, which is then applied to societal growth curve models to account for historical changes in attitudes among different social groups. Our results show a stronger increase in positive attitudes towards homosexuality among higher educated, secular, and non-conservative individuals in countries with greater same-sex rights. These findings suggest that laws granting family rights to LG people represent a necessary but not sufficient condition for the diffusion of positive attitudes towards homosexuality, pointing to a considerable lag between the macro and the micro-level.
Catheter ablation vs. antiarrhythmic drugs as ‘first-line’ initial therapy for atrial fibrillation: a pooled analysis of randomized data
Authors: Chen Shaojie , Pürerfellner Helmut , Ouyang Feifan , Kiuchi Márcio Galindo , Meyer Christian , Martinek Martin , Futyma Piotr , Zhu Lin , Schratter Alexandra , Wang Jiazhi , Acou Willem-Jan , Ling Zhiyu , Yin Yuehui , Liu Shaowen , Sommer Philipp , Schmidt Boris , Chun Julian K R 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Aims
Catheter ablation (CA) is recommended for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) after failure of antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs). The role of CA as ‘initial therapy’ for AF is to be determined.

Methods and results
Following PRISMA guideline an up-to-date pooled analysis of randomized data comparing ablation vs. AADs as first-line therapy for symptomatic AF was performed. The primary outcome was recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmia. The secondary outcomes were improvement in quality-of-life (QoL) and major adverse events. A total of 997 patients from five randomized trials were enrolled (mean age 57.4 years, 68.6% male patients, 98% paroxysmal AF, mean follow-up 1.4 years). The baseline characteristics were similar between the ablation and AADs group. Overall pooled analysis showed that, as compared with AADs, CA as first-line therapy was associated with significantly higher freedom from arrhythmia recurrence (69% vs. 48%, odds ratio: 0.36, 95% confidence interval: 0.27–0.48, P &lt; 0.001). This significance was maintained in subgroup analyses of 1- and 2-year follow-up (P &lt; 0.001). Catheter ablation was associated with significantly greater improvement in QoL regarding AFEQT score and 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey score. The incidence of serious adverse events between ablation and AADs group (5.6% vs. 4.9%, P = 0.62) was similar.

Conclusions
Catheter ablation as ‘initial therapy’ was superior to AADs in maintenance of sinus rhythm and improving QoL for patients with symptomatic paroxysmal AF, without increasing risk of serious adverse events.
First back-calculation and infection fatality multiplier estimate of the hidden prevalence of COVID-19 in Ireland
Authors: Comiskey Catherine M , Snel Anne , Banka Prakashini S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
To date computer models with multiple assumptions have focussed on predicting the incidence of symptomatic cases of COVID-19. Given emerging vaccines, the aim of this study was to provide simple methods for estimating the hidden prevalence of asymptomatic cases and levels of herd immunity to aid future immunization policy and planning. We applied the method in Ireland.

Methods
For large scale epidemics, indirect models for estimating prevalence have been developed. One such method is the benchmark multiplier method. A further method is back-calculation, which has been used successfully to produce estimates of the scale of a HIV infected population. The methods were applied from March to October 2020 and are applicable globally.

Results
Results demonstrated that the number of infected individuals was at least twice and possibly six times the number identified through testing. Our estimates ranged from ∼100 000 to 375 000 cases giving a ratio of 1–6 hidden cases for every known case within the study time frame. While both methods are subject to assumptions and limitations, it was interesting to observe that estimates corroborated government statements noting that 80% of people testing positive were asymptomatic.

Conclusions
As Europe has now endured several epidemic waves with the emergence globally of new variants, it essential that both policy makers and the public are aware of the scale of the hidden epidemic that may surround them. The need for social distancing is as important as ever as we await global immunization rollout.