bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of the effect of the thickness of the photosensitive layer of perovskite on its efficiency using SCAPS-1D software
Authors: Rozhko A A , Petrov V V , Sayenko A V 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Photovoltaic cells are the best way to convert solar energy into electrical energy by absorbing photons emitted by the sun. This paper presents the results of studies of the effect of the thickness of the absorbing layer of perovskite on the quantum efficiency of the solar cell, as well as on its efficiency. These results were obtained by modelling in the software product SCAPS-1D. Perovskite photovoltaic is getting to be a distinctly predominant option for the conventional solar cells achieving maximum efficiency of 22.1% and more. This work is concerned about the design and analyses of lead-based perovskite solar cell model with the architecture of TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3/spiro-OMeTAD. The analysis of solar cell architecture is done using the Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS). It is a computer-based software tool and is well adapted for the analyses of homo and heterojunctions, multi-junctions and Schottky barrier photovoltaic devices. This software tool runs and simulates based on the Poisson’s and continuity equation of electrons and holes. For this model, it is used to optimize the various parameters such as thickness, the defect density of absorber layer, doping concentrations (ND and NA) of Electron Transport Material (ETM) and Hole Transport Material (HTM)
Remote leakage method in heat supply systems out flow
Authors: Sazonova S A , Korablin S N , Asminin V F , Zvyagintseva A V 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper describes the method of remote sensing of the existence or absence of leaks in functioning heat supply systems developed on the basis of the application of a two-alternative hypothesis. To achieve this goal, we proposed to apply a method for determining the location and volume of leaks, based on the use of energy equivalents. We proposed to check for leakage between static assessments of the state of heat supply systems according to data from a remote manometric survey, with the help of which a simultaneous poll of pressure sensors in the end nodes of the system in question is performed. In the event of sudden changes in the estimated system parameters, it is concluded that there is a leak. If the results of two neighboring evaluations are relatively stable, then a conclusion is made about the absence of leakage. The considered problems are based on mathematical models of flow distribution for a heat supply system. The results of a computational experiment are compared with the results of calculating the parameters in the system based on the results of gauge surveying.
Development of a training complex of elements of power systems and metering of electric power with application of VR technologies
Authors: Strizhichenko A V , Zenina E G , Kochergin D S , Efimov V V 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The paper describes the results of simulation of virtual power equipment of a substation and an electric power metering system for the purpose of training and practicing the actions of personnel during scheduled switching and emergency situations. An experimental model is presented that demonstrates the basic functionality of the simulator, which allows for rapid switching on a virtual substation model. The virtual model will help the trained operational personnel gain operational experience, as well as eliminate the possibility of electric shock and equipment failure. Due to the flexible functionality of the program that builds the project, it is possible to implement additional blocks of the simulator, having previously tested the innovation separately from the main project. This feature guarantees compatibility of new versions of the project with the old installed versions. It also allows the client to update the product without reinstalling the program. The model was created in the Unreal Engine 4 program. This product allows you to create projects for Windows, Lunix, and Mac OS operating systems. Unreal Engine 4 is compatible with the virtual reality system. Due to compatibility, it is possible to create interactive projects, in particular, an interactive project in the field of energy.
Methodological problems of replacing low-voltage AC networks with DC networks
Authors: Titova L N , Sergeev V A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The paper discusses the prospects for replacing low-voltage AC power grids of industrial frequency with DC power grids in order to introduce energy-saving equipment and technologies. The modern achievements in the field of energy-saving electric drives are analyzed in detail, which make it possible to introduce constant voltage electric networks attractive for investments. The generalized analysis can be performed using the synergetic criterion of the technical and economic efficiency of innovation. To use such a criterion, all indicators to be analyzed must be presented in dimensionless form. We propose to consider separately the technical and operational groups of the generalized technical characteristics of AC and DC electric drives. The selected subset of groups of parameters of electric drives is justified from the point of view of regulatory and technical documents currently in force. This methodology seems to be more objective than the existing industry methodology for assessing product quality based on functional analogues of products being developed. With a synergetic approach, any characteristic is invariant relative to the others, which confirms the objectivity and reliability of the comparison method. The system of indicators is necessary and sufficient, both for technical assessment and for the creation of new designs and the development of directions for the design of electric drives. In conclusion of this work, we give examples of the implementation of such an approach by comparing the achieved indicators of quality and operational reliability of electromechanical energy converters produced by domestic enterprises.
Methods for dealing with icing of power line wires
Authors: Kul’kov V G , Kuryanov V N , Fokin R A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This article describes the types of ice and snow deposits on metal wires of overhead power lines. It has a harmful effect on the functional state of power lines. Under the influence of the force of resistance to air flows in the wind and the gravity of the wires with an increased mass, accidents are possible. These include breaks, wire interconnections, and short circuits in the line. Here we give a brief overview of existing methods for preventing the formation of ice on the line wires and fighting icing by removing the ice shell. This article describes a combined method for breaking the ice coating on the wires. For this purpose, we propose a combination of two methods. One of them is to load the wires with high-frequency current. Due to the skin effect, the inner surface of the ice heats up, and a thin layer melts. This significantly reduces the adhesion of the ice to the metal. Simultaneously, low-frequency current of the order of one Hertz flows through the wires. This current causes the wire to resonance oscillations, which destroy the ice covering. The article provides an estimate of the duration of the high-frequency current exposure time, its value, and the frequency of the second current.
Scalable fabrication of renal spheroids and nephron-like tubules by bioprinting and controlled self-assembly of epithelial cells
Authors: Tröndle Kevin , Rizzo Ludovica , Pichler Roman , Koch Fritz , Itani Ahmad , Zengerle Roland , Lienkamp Soeren S , Koltay Peter , Zimmermann Stefan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Scalable fabrication concepts of 3D kidney tissue models are required to enable their application in pharmaceutical high-throughput screenings. Yet the reconstruction of complex tissue structures remains technologically challenging. We present a novel concept reducing the fabrication demands, by using controlled cellular self-assembly to achieve higher tissue complexities from significantly simplified construct designs. We used drop-on-demand bioprinting to fabricate locally confined patterns of renal epithelial cells embedded in a hydrogel matrix. These patterns provide defined local cell densities (cell count variance <11%) with high viability (92 ± 2%). Based on these patterns, controlled self-assembly leads to the formation of renal spheroids and nephron-like tubules with a predefined size and spatial localization. With this, we fabricated scalable arrays of hollow epithelial spheroids. The spheroid sizes correlated with the initial cell count per unit and could be stepwise adjusted, ranging from Ø = 84, 104, 120–131 µm in diameter (size variance <9%). Furthermore, we fabricated scalable line-shaped patterns, which self-assembled to hollow cellular tubules (Ø = 105 ± 22 µm). These showed a continuous lumen with prescribed orientation, lined by an epithelial monolayer with tight junctions. Additionally, upregulated expression of kidney-specific functional genes compared to 2D cell monolayers indicated increased tissue functionality, as revealed by mRNA sequencing. Furthermore, our concept enabled the fabrication of hybrid tubules, which consisted of arranged subsections of different cell types, combining murine and human epithelial cells. Finally, we integrated the self-assembled fabrication into a microfluidic chip and achieved fluidic access to the lumen at the terminal sites of the tubules. With this, we realized flow conditions with a wall shear stress of 0.05 ± 0.02 dyne cm−2 driven by hydrostatic pressure for scalable dynamic culture towards a nephron-on-chip model.
Vascularized adipocyte organoid model using isolated human microvessel fragments
Authors: Strobel Hannah A , Gerton Thomas , Hoying James B 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Tissue organoids are proving valuable for modeling tissue health and disease in a variety of applications. This is due, in part, to the dynamic cell–cell interactions fostered within the 3D tissue-like space. To this end, the more that organoids recapitulate the different cell–cell interactions found in native tissue, such as that between parenchyma and the microvasculature, the better the fidelity of the model. The microvasculature, which is comprised of a spectrum of cell types, provides not only perfusion in its support of tissue health, but also important cellular interactions and biochemical dynamics important in tissue phenotype and function. Here, we incorporate whole, intact human microvessel fragments isolated from adipose tissue into organoids to form both mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) and adipocyte vascularized organoids. Isolated microvessels retain their native structure and cell composition, providing a more complete representation of the microvasculature within the organoids. Microvessels expanded via sprouting angiogenesis within organoids comprised of either MSCs or MSC-derived adipocytes grew out of the organoids when placed in a 3D collagen matrix. In MSC organoids, a ratio of 50 MSCs to 1 microvessel fragment created the optimal vascularization response. We developed a new differentiation protocol that enabled the differentiation of MSCs into adipocytes while simultaneously promoting microvessel angiogenesis. The adipocyte organoids contained vascular networks, were responsive in a lipolysis assay, and expressed the functional adipocyte markers adiponectin and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. The presence of microvessels promoted insulin receptor expression by adipocytes and modified interleukin-6 secretion following a tumor necrosis factor alpha challenge. Overall, we demonstrate a robust method for vascularizing high cell-density organoids with potential implications for other tissues as well.
The effects of ultrasonic vibration on microstructural changes and mechanical properties of Mg alloy joint
Authors: Yang Fangzhou , Liu Bing 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The weld of AZ31 Mg alloy was performed via ultrasonic vibration assistance process. The metallographic structure observation, scanning electron microscope observation, hardness detection, tensile test and fracture morphology observation were performed to analyze the influences of ultrasonic vibration on the microstructure and mechanical properties of welded joints. In this paper, the ultrasonic vibration with power in the 0–1.5 kW was successfully introduced into the weld pool by filler wire, which had a series of effects on the weld. The results indicated that ultrasonic induced agitation in the molten pool can reduce or even eliminate the porosity in the weld zone. Besides, for joints treated by 1.0 kW ultrasonic process, the average grain size of weld zone decreased to 28 μm, owing to the acoustic flow and cavitation effects caused by ultrasonic process. Under optimized ultrasonic power of 1.0 kW, the sound Mg alloy joint with the maximum tensile strength of 256 MPa was obtained and the fracture surface presented plastic fracture characteristics.
Simulations of standing wave effect, stop band effect, and skin effect in large-area very high frequency symmetric capacitive discharges
Authors: LIU Jiankai , ZHANG Yuru , ZHAO Kai , WEN Deqi , WANG Younian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this paper, Maxwell equations are coupled with a radially localized global model and an analytical sheath model to investigate the electromagnetic effects under various frequencies and electron powers in large-area very high frequency symmetric capacitive argon discharges. Simulation results indicate that both the vacuum wavelength and the sheath width decrease with frequency, leading to the reduced surface wavelength. As a result, the standing wave effect becomes pronounced, causing the fact that the radial profiles of the electron density, radio frequency voltage, and sheath width shift from uniform over center-high to multiple-node. When the frequency is close to or higher than the series resonance frequency, the surface waves cannot propagate to the radial center because of the significant radial damping. Due to the lack of power deposition near the radial center, the electron density is nearly zero there, i.e. the stop band effect. As power increases, the higher electron density leads to the decrease of the skin depth. Therefore, the importance of the skin effect gradually exceeds that of the standing wave effect, giving rise to the transition from the center-high to edge-high electron density profiles. The method proposed in this work could help to predict the plasma distribution under different discharge conditions in a few minutes, which is of significant importance in optimizing the plasma processing.
Assessment of Pathology Learning Modules With Virtual Microscopy in a Preclinical Medical School Curriculum
Authors: Cruz Myriam , Murphy Megan , Gentile Matthew M , Stewart Katherine , Barroeta Julieta E , Carrasco Gonzalo A , Kocher William D , Behling Kathryn C 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the ability of pathology modules to promote learning of pathology-related course content in a preclinical medical education curriculum.MethodsPathology modules were created for the “Hematology/Oncology” and “Women’s Health” (WH) courses. Students were recruited over 2 consecutive academic years; cohorts 1 and 2 refer to 2 separate groups of students in years 1 and 2, respectively, of the study. Course performance data were collected.ResultsUse of pathology modules resulted in a statistically significant higher correlation between performance on the final examination and pathology-related questions in the Hematology/Oncology course and written examination and pathology-related questions in cohort 1 in the WH course. There was statistically significant improvement (P = .026) on pathology-related laboratory practical examination questions in the WH course for cohort 1, and no other statistically significant improvement for the other cohorts and examinations. The percentage of students completing all or part of the modules was highest in the WH course for cohort 1 (60%) compared with WH course cohort 2 (33%) and Hematology/Oncology cohort 1 (30%) and cohort 2 (39%).ConclusionsPathology modules may improve acquisition and retention of pathology-related course content when used appropriately.
Encouraging Digital Technology in Neuropsychology: The Theory of Visual Attention on Tablet Devices
Authors: Wang Tianlu , Thielen Hella , De Preter Erik , Vangkilde Signe , Gillebert Céline R 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objective
Visual attention helps us to selectively process relevant information and is crucial in our everyday interactions with the environment. Not surprisingly, it is one of the cognitive domains that is most frequently affected by acquired brain injury. Reliable assessment of attention deficits is pivotal to neuropsychological examination and helps to optimize individual rehabilitation plans. Compared with conventional pen-and-paper tests, computerized tasks borrowed from the field of experimental psychology bring many benefits, but lab-based experimental setups cannot be easily incorporated in clinical practice. Light-weight and portable mobile tablet devices may facilitate the translation of computerized tasks to clinical settings. One such task is based on the Theory of Visual Attention (TVA), a mathematical model of visual attention. TVA-based paradigms have been widely used to investigate several aspects of visual attention in both fundamental and clinical research, and include measures for general processing capacity as well as stimulus-specific attentional parameters.

Methods
This article discusses the benefits of TVA-based assessments compared with frequently used neuropsychological tests of visual attention, and examines the reliability of a tablet-based TVA-based assessment in 59 neurologically healthy participants.

Results
Pearson’s correlations indicate that the tablet-based TVA assessment and the conventional lab-based TVA assessment have a comparable parallel-form (range: .67–.93), test–retest (range: .61–.78), and internal reliability (range: .56–.97).

Conclusion
Our results suggest that tablet-based TVA assessment may be a promising tool to acquire clinical measures of visual attention at low cost at the bedside of the patient.
Potentiated antitumor effects of APS001F/5-FC combined with anti-PD-1 antibody in a CT26 syngeneic mouse model
Authors: Shioya Koichiro , Matsumura Tomio , Seki Yuji , Shimizu Hitomi , Nakamura Takaaki , Taniguchi Shun'ichiro 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
APS001F is a strain of Bifidobacterium longum genetically engineered to express cytosine deaminase that converts 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) to 5-fluorouracil. In the present study, antitumor effects of APS001F plus 5-FC (APS001F/5-FC) in combination with anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody were investigated using a CT26 syngeneic mouse model. Both of dosing of APS001F/5-FC before and after anti-PD-1 mAb in the combination dosing exhibited antitumor effects as well as prolonged survival over the nontreated control. The survival rate in the combination therapy significantly increased over the monotherapy with APS001F/5-FC and that with anti-PD-1 mAb. Regulatory T cells among CD4+ T cells in tumor decreased in the combination therapy, while the ratio of CD8+ T cells was maintained in all groups. Taken these results together, APS001F/5-FC not only demonstrates a direct antitumor activity, but also immunomodulatory effects once localized in the hypoxic region of the tumor, which allows anti-PD-1 mAb to exert potentiated antitumor effects.
Roles of host small RNAs in the evolution and host tropism of coronaviruses
Authors: Meng Qingren , Chu Yanan , Shao Changjun , Chen Jing , Wang Jian , Gao Zhancheng , Yu Jun , Kang Yu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Human coronaviruses (CoVs) can cause respiratory infection epidemics that sometimes expand into globally relevant pandemics. All human CoVs have sister strains isolated from animal hosts and seem to have an animal origin, yet the process of host jumping is largely unknown. RNA interference (RNAi) is an ancient mechanism in many eukaryotes to defend against viral infections through the hybridization of host endogenous small RNAs (miRNAs) with target sites in invading RNAs. Here, we developed a method to identify potential RNAi-sensitive sites in the viral genome and discovered that human-adapted coronavirus strains had deleted some of their sites targeted by miRNAs in human lungs when compared to their close zoonic relatives. We further confirmed using a phylogenetic analysis that the loss of RNAi-sensitive target sites could be a major driver of the host-jumping process, and adaptive mutations that lead to the loss-of-target might be as simple as point mutation. Up-to-date genomic data of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and Middle-East respiratory syndromes-CoV strains demonstrate that the stress from host miRNA milieus sustained even after their epidemics in humans. Thus, this study illustrates a new mechanism about coronavirus to explain its host-jumping process and provides a novel avenue for pathogenesis research, epidemiological modeling, and development of drugs and vaccines against coronavirus, taking into consideration these findings.
iDHS-Deep: an integrated tool for predicting DNase I hypersensitive sites by deep neural network
Authors: Dao Fu-Ying , Lv Hao , Su Wei , Sun Zi-Jie , Huang Qin-Lai , Lin Hao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDNase I hypersensitive site (DHS) refers to the hypersensitive region of chromatin for the DNase I enzyme. It is an important part of the noncoding region and contains a variety of regulatory elements, such as promoter, enhancer, and transcription factor-binding site, etc. Moreover, the related locus of disease (or trait) are usually enriched in the DHS regions. Therefore, the detection of DHS region is of great significance. In this study, we develop a deep learning-based algorithm to identify whether an unknown sequence region would be potential DHS. The proposed method showed high prediction performance on both training datasets and independent datasets in different cell types and developmental stages, demonstrating that the method has excellent superiority in the identification of DHSs. Furthermore, for the convenience of related wet-experimental researchers, the user-friendly web-server iDHS-Deep was established at http://lin-group.cn/server/iDHS-Deep/, by which users can easily distinguish DHS and non-DHS and obtain the corresponding developmental stage ofDHS.