bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of Liver-Type Fatty Acid-Binding Protein in Predicting Acute Kidney Injury: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chiang Ting-Hui , Yo Chia-Hung , Lee Gin Hoong , Mathew Amy , Sugaya Takeshi , Li Wen-Yi , Lee Chien-Chang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Liver-type fatty acid–binding protein (L-FABP) is a promising biomarker for the early prediction of acute kidney injury (AKI). However, the clinical utility of L-FABP in different populations or settings remains unclear. We present a meta-analysis of studies evaluating the performance of L-FABP in AKI prediction.

Methods
We performed a literature search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane library, using search terms “acute kidney injury” and “L-FABP.” Studies investigating the performance characteristics of L-FABP for the early diagnosis of AKI were included. Data about patient characteristics, diagnostic criteria of AKI, quantitative data required for construction of a 2 × 2 table (number of participants, sensitivity, specificity, and case number), study settings, and outcomes were extracted. The bivariable model was applied to calculate the estimated sensitivity and specificity of L-FABP. A summary ROC curve was created by plotting the true-positive rate against the false-positive rate at various cutoff values from different studies.

Results
We found 27 studies reporting measurement of urine (n = 25 studies) or plasma (n = 2 studies) L-FABP. Overall, the estimated sensitivity was 0.74 (95% CI: 0.69–0.80) and specificity was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.71–0.83). L-FABP demonstrated a stable area under the ROC of 0.82 (95% CI: 0.79–0.85) in variable clinical settings including intensive care unit, surgery, and contrast-induced AKI. In subgroup analysis excluding pediatric and post radiocontrast exposure cohorts, L-FABP had comparative diagnostic performance with neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL).

Conclusions
Despite broad prevalence, L-FABP is a clinically useful marker with moderate accuracy in variable clinical settings as demonstrated in our subgroup analysis. Except for pediatric patients and those post-radiocontrast exposure, L-FABP has comparable discriminative capability as NGAL.
Polygenic Basis and the Role of Genome Duplication in Adaptation to Similar Selective Environments
Authors: Campbell Matthew A , Anderson Eric C , Garza John Carlos , Pearse Devon E 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Genetic changes underlying adaptation vary greatly in terms of complexity and, within the same species, genetic responses to similar selective pressures may or may not be the same. We examine both complex (supergene) and simple (SNP) genetic variants occurring in populations of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) independently isolated from ocean access and compared them to each other and to an anadromous below-barrier population representing their ancestral source to search for signatures of both parallel and nonparallel adaptation. All landlocked populations displayed an increased frequency of a large inversion on chromosome Omy05, while 3 of the 4 populations exhibited elevated frequencies of another inversion located on chromosome Omy20. In addition, we identified numerous regions outside these 2 inversions that also show significant shifts in allele frequencies consistent with adaptive evolution. However, there was little concordance among above-barrier populations in these specific genomic regions under selection. In part, the lack of concordance appears to arise from ancestral autopolyploidy in rainbow trout that provides duplicate genomic regions of similar functional composition for selection to act upon. Thus, while selection acting on landlocked populations universally favors the resident ecotype, outside of the major chromosomal inversions, the resulting genetic changes are largely distinct among populations. Our results indicate that selection on standing genetic variation is likely the primary mode of rapid adaptation, and that both supergene complexes and individual loci contribute to adaptive evolution, further highlighting the diversity of adaptive genomic variation involved in complex phenotypic evolution.
Moso bamboo and Japanese cedar seedlings differently affected soil N2O emissions
Authors: Fang Haifu , Gao Yu , Zhang Qiang , Ma Lili , Wang Baihui , Shad Nasir , Deng Wenping , Liu Xiaojun , Liu Yuanqiu , Zhang Ling 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMoso bamboo expansions into Japanese cedar forests are common. The expansion effects on soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions have not been thoroughly understood, and the underlying microbial mechanisms remain unclear. We studied bacterial and fungal contribution to soil N2O emissions under moso bamboo or Japanese cedar by applying bacterial or fungal inhibitors using streptomycin and iprodione, respectively. Soil N2O emissions were measured and the relative contribution of bacteria and fungi to soil N2O emissions was calculated. N2O emission from soil with moso bamboo was significantly higher than under Japanese cedar. Compared with control, bacterial or fungal inhibitor or their combination decreased N2O emissions, indicating substantial contribution of microbial activities to N2O emissions. However, the relative contribution of bacteria and fungi to N2O emissions was not affected by plants. Soil organic carbon, total and ammonium nitrogen were lower in soil under moso bamboo than Japanese cedar, suggesting faster microbial decomposition under moso bamboo. Fungal inhibitor and plants interactively affected soil pH, total phosphorus and ammonium nitrogen, while bacterial inhibitor and plants interactively affected total nitrogen, indicating substantial dependence of effects by microbial communities on plant species. Moso bamboo and Japanese cedar differed in their effects on soil N2O emissions with higher emissions under moso bamboo. Stimulation of N2O emission under moso bamboo might occur due to higher nitrogen mineralization and subsequent denitrification induced by high root exudation. These results highlight the need to consider the effect of species shifts on N2O emissions in forests.
Evaluation of overtime phenotypic variation of yeasts in chronic vulvovaginal candidosis cases
Authors: Faria-Gonçalves Paula , Gaspar Carlos , Oliveira Ana Sofia , Palmeira-de-Oliveira Rita , Gonçalves Teresa , Martinez-de-Oliveira José , Palmeira-de-Oliveira Ana , Rolo Joana 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Chronic vulvovaginal candidosis results either from reinfection or from the ability of Candida spp. to persist in the vulva and/or vagina. Persistence is usually associated with increased antifungal (mainly azoles) resistance rates, which can explain treatment failure, and/or increased expression of virulence factors by Candida spp. The aim of this study was to assess the mechanisms leading to Candida spp persistence, by studying sequential isolates from women with chronic vulvovaginal candidosis, focusing on strains genotypes, azole resistance, and ability to form biofilms along the period of clinical evaluation. The strains were identified at species level by automated analysis of biochemical profiles and molecular typing evaluated by polymorphic DNA analysis. The capacity to form biofilm was assessed with a microtiter plate assay. Fluconazole susceptibility was determined by the microdilution broth assay at both pH 7 (following the recommended guideline) and pH 4.5 (as representative of vaginal pH). We studied samples from 17 clinically recurrent cases. In 53% of the chronic cases there were two or more isolates that had a phylogenetic relationship while the remaining (47%) were caused by different species. In those cases where related strains were involved in recurrence, we verified an increase in MIC at pH 7 and also an increased capacity to form biofilms over time. Significant correlation between these two parameters was observed only in cases caused by C. glabrata, evidencing the importance of these two factors to enhance persistence in the vaginal mucosa for this particular species.
Physical characterization of equal-mass binary near-Earth asteroid 2017 YE5: a possible dormant Jupiter-family comet
Authors: Monteiro F , Rondón E , Lazzaro D , Oey J , Evangelista-Santana M , Arcoverde P , De Cicco M , Silva-Cabrera J S , Rodrigues T , Santos L B T 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Photometric observations of the nearly equal-mass binary near-Earth asteroid 2017 YE5 were carried out at the Observatório Astronômico do Sertão de Itaparica (OASI, Brazil) and at the Blue Mountains Observatory (BMO, Australia) between 2018 July and August, shortly after it made a close approach to Earth in 2018 June. These observations allowed to determine an orbital period of the system in good agreement with the result of the radar observations. Our results also indicate that the 2017 YE5 system is not fully locked in a synchronous spin–orbit resonance, as there is a possible asynchronous component or tumbling rotator in the system. Additional data obtained at the Observatorio Astronómico Nacional de San Pedro Mártir (OAN-SPM, Mexico) in 2018 August allowed to derive the colour indices and the low-resolution spectrum, which indicate that the object has a very reddish surface similar to the outer Solar system objetcs. This is consistent with a dark albedo of about 3 per cent, derived from an effective diameter of the combined components and an absolute magnitude of 19.2. Infrared data obtained at the NASA’s Infrared Telescope Facility exhibit a thermal emission in the 2.5 $\mu$m range for which a low albedo of 2–4 per cent was adjusted by applying a thermal model. Regarding to the taxonomic classification, we found that the 2017 YE5 is a D-type in the Bus-DeMeo taxonomy. Therefore, according to our results and considering that the 2017 YE5 system has a typical comet orbit (TJ = 2.87), we suggest that it is a dormant Jupiter-family binary comet.
Radio constraint on outflows from tidal disruption events
Authors: Matsumoto Tatsuya , Piran Tsvi 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Radio flares from tidal disruption events (TDEs) are generally interpreted as synchrotron emission arising from the interaction of an outflow with the surrounding circumnuclear medium (CNM). We generalize the common equipartition analysis to be applicable in cases lacking a clear spectral peak or even with just an upper limit. We show that, for detected events, there is a lower limit on the combination of the outflow’s velocity v and solid angle Ω, ≃vΩa (with a ≃ 0.5). Considering several possible outflow components accompanying TDEs, we find that: isotropic outflows such as disc winds with $v\sim 10^4\, \rm km\, s^{-1}$ and Ω = 4π can easily produce the observed flares; the bow shock of the unbound debris has a wedge-like geometry and it must be geometrically thick with Ω ≳ 1. A fraction of its mass (≳0.01 M⊙) has to move at $v \gtrsim 2 \times 10^4\, \rm km\, s^{-1}$; Conical Newtonian outflows such as jets can also be a radio source but both their velocity and the CNM density should be larger than those of isotropic winds by a factor of ∼(Ω/4π)−0.5. Our limits on the CNM densities are typically 30–100 times larger than those found by previous analysis that ignored non-relativistic electrons. We also find that late (a few years after the TDE) radio upper limits rule out energetic, ${\sim}10^{51\!-\!52}\, \rm erg$, relativistic jets like the one observed in TDE Sw J1644+57, implying that such jets are rare.
Phylogenomic Analysis of Velvet Worms (Onychophora) Uncovers an Evolutionary Radiation in the Neotropics
Authors: Baker Caitlin M , Buckman-Young Rebecca S , Costa Cristiano S , Giribet Gonzalo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOnychophora (“velvet worms”) are charismatic soil invertebrates known for their status as a “living fossil,” their phylogenetic affiliation to arthropods, and their distinctive biogeographic patterns. However, several aspects of their internal phylogenetic relationships remain unresolved, limiting our understanding of the group’s evolutionary history, particularly with regard to changes in reproductive mode and dispersal ability. To address these gaps, we used RNA sequencing and phylogenomic analysis of transcriptomes to reconstruct the evolutionary relationships and infer divergence times within the phylum. We recovered a fully resolved and well-supported phylogeny for the circum-Antarctic family Peripatopsidae, which retains signals of Gondwanan vicariance and showcases the evolutionary lability of reproductive mode in the family. Within the Neotropical clade of Peripatidae, though, we found that amino acid-translated sequence data masked nearly all phylogenetic signal, resulting in highly unstable and poorly supported relationships. Analyses using nucleotide sequence data were able to resolve many more relationships, though we still saw discordant phylogenetic signal between genes, probably indicative of a rapid, mid-Cretaceous radiation in the group. Finally, we hypothesize that the unique reproductive mode of placentotrophic viviparity found in all Neotropical peripatids may have facilitated the multiple inferred instances of over-water dispersal and establishment on oceanic islands.
Permanent Cerebrospinal Fluid Diversion in Adults With Posterior Fossa Tumors: Incidence and Predictors
Authors: Saad Hassan , Bray David P , McMahon J Tanner , Philbrick Brandon D , Dawoud Reem A , Douglas J Miller , Adeagbo Segun , Yarmoska Steven K , Agam Matthew , Chow Jocelyn , Pradilla Gustavo , Olson Jeffrey J , Alawieh Ali , Hoang Kimberly 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Posterior fossa tumors (PFTs) can cause hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus can persist despite resection of PFTs in a subset of patients requiring permanent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion. Characteristics of this patient subset are not well defined.

OBJECTIVE
To define preoperative and postoperative variables that predict the need for postoperative CSF diversion in adult patients with PFTs.

METHODS
We surveyed the CNS (Central Nervous System) Tumor Outcomes Registry at Emory (CTORE) for patients who underwent PFT resection at 3 tertiary-care centers between 2006 and 2019. Demographic, radiographic, perioperative, and dispositional data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate models.

RESULTS
We included 617 patients undergoing PFT resection for intra-axial (57%) or extra-axial (43%) lesions. Gross total resection was achieved in 62% of resections. Approximately 13% of patients required permanent CSF diversion/shunting. Only 31.5% of patients who required pre- or intraop external ventricular drain (EVD) placement needed permanent CSF diversion. On logistic regression, size, transependymal flow, use of perioperative EVD, postoperative intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), and surgical complications were predictors of permanent CSF diversion. Preoperative tumor size was only independent predictor of postoperative shunting in patients with subtotal resection. In patients with intra-axial tumors, transependymal flow (P = .014), postoperative IVH (P = .001), surgical complications (P = .013), and extent of resection (P = .03) predicted need for shunting. In extra-axial tumors, surgical complications were the major predictor (P = .022).

CONCLUSION
Our study demonstrates that presence of preoperative hydrocephalus in patients with PFT does not necessarily entail the need for permanent CSF diversion. We report the major predictive factors for needing permanent CSF diversion.
Ketogenic diet with medium‐chain triglycerides restores skeletal muscle function and pathology in a rat model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Fujikura Yuri , Sugihara Hidetoshi , Hatakeyama Masaki , Oishi Katsutaka , Yamanouchi Keitaro 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an intractable genetic disease associated with progressive skeletal muscle weakness and degeneration. Recently, it was reported that intraperitoneal injections of ketone bodies partially ameliorated muscular dystrophy by increasing satellite cell (SC) proliferation. Here, we evaluated whether a ketogenic diet (KD) with medium‐chain triglycerides (MCT‐KD) could alter genetically mutated DMD in model rats. We found that the MCT‐KD significantly increased muscle strength and fiber diameter in these rats. The MCT‐KD significantly suppressed the key features of DMD, namely, muscle necrosis, inflammation, and subsequent fibrosis. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that the MCT‐KD promoted the proliferation of muscle SCs, suggesting enhanced muscle regeneration. The muscle strength of DMD model rats fed with MCT‐KD was significantly improved even at the age of 9 months. Our findings suggested that the MCT‐KD ameliorates muscular dystrophy by inhibiting myonecrosis and promoting the proliferation of muscle SCs. As far as we can ascertain, this is the first study to apply a functional diet as therapy for DMD in experimental animals. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the MCT‐KD‐induced improvement of DMD.
Student Nurse Knowledge of and Attitudes Toward Pressure Injury Prevention: How Sufficient Is Undergraduate Education?
Authors: Kara Hava , Arikan Fatma , Kahyaoglu Ali 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES
To assess the knowledge and attitudes of student nurses regarding evidence-based guidelines for preventing pressure injuries.

METHODS
This study used a descriptive research design. The participants included second-, third-, and fourth-year nursing students completing their bachelor’s degrees at a faculty of nursing in Turkey. Data collection forms consisted of a student nurse information form, the Pressure Ulcer Prevention Knowledge Assessment Instrument, and the Attitude Towards Pressure Ulcer Prevention Instrument.

RESULTS
The overall mean score for knowledge was 49.9% (11.7/26). The highest scores for the instrument’s subthemes were for nutrition (72%), and the lowest were for etiology and development (40.1%). The overall mean attitude score was 42.20 ± 2.40, although a statistically significant difference among grades was found (P < .001). The highest mean scores showed agreement among students that pressure injury prevention should be a priority (10.50 ± 1.43). A significant difference was found in the competence subscale according to the number of dressing changes observed and sense of competence in pressure injury care (P = .003). A weak but statistically significant positive relationship was found between knowledge and attitude scores (r = 0.158; 95% confidence interval, .040–.269; P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS
This study revealed that certain revisions are needed in the nursing curriculum to improve the knowledge and attitudes of nursing students toward the prevention and care of pressure injuries. More details should be covered in the classroom and laboratories through simulation or clinical practice for improved management of pressure injuries.
The Reverdin Graft: The Forgotten Skin Transplant
Authors: Brekelmans Wouter , Leijnen Michiel , Borger van de Burg Boudewijn L. S. , Hoencamp Rigo 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
This article describes a series of four patients for whom a Reverdin graft was performed. The Reverdin graft, also known as a pinch graft, is a method to promote epithelialization for superficial wounds. The intervention is minimally invasive with a short learning curve. The procedure and its advantages and disadvantages are discussed in this case series. This pinch graft is a widely accepted, minimally invasive intervention to accelerate the epithelialization of wounds.
Incidence and Risk Factors for Surgical Site Infection following Emergency Cesarean Section: A Retrospective Case-Control Study
Authors: Ousey Karen , Blackburn Joanna , Stephenson John , Southern Tom 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To assess the incidence, risk, and associated factors that contribute to an acquired surgical site infection (SSI) after emergency cesarean section (CS).

METHODS
This retrospective case-control study was conducted in an acute district general hospital in England with 206 patients (101 SSI patients and 105 non-SSI patients) who had an emergency CS in 2017. Grade of surgeon, smoking status, preoperative vaginal swab status (positive or negative), diabetes status, age, body mass index, membrane rupture to delivery interval, and length of surgery were recorded. Risk factors were identified using simple and multiple logistic regression.

RESULTS
Body mass index was significantly associated with SSI (odds ratio, 1.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.11 to 1.24; P < .001). Further, substantive nonsignificant associations were recorded between SSI and patient age and vaginal swab status.

CONCLUSIONS
Body mass index was the only significant risk factor for the development of an SSI after emergency CS, possibly because of the impact of excessive adipose tissue on the immune system and reduced effectiveness of antibiotics. Diabetes status, patient age, and preoperative vaginal swab status were not significantly associated with SSI. Improved guidelines and strategies for managing at-risk patients would enable clinicians to reduce the risk of SSI development. The importance of wound management including frequent wound cleaning, appropriate dressings, dressing changes, and education is highlighted. Future research on larger samples should be conducted to validate these findings.
Evolution in the Acute Management of Open Fracture Treatment? Part 2
Authors: Sagi H. Claude , Patzakis Michael J. 
Published: August 2021

Introduction:
In the first installment of this two-part series, we explored the history of open fracture treatment focusing primarily on bacteriology and antibiotic selection/stewardship. In this follow-up segment, we will analyze and summarize the other aspects of open fracture care such as time to debridement, pulsatile lavage, and open wound management (including time to closure)—finishing with summative statements and recommendations based on the current most up-to-date literature.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level V. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Distal Radioulnar Joint, Distal Ulna Injury, and Lunate Facet Considerations in Distal Radius Fractures
Authors: Rubio Francisco 
Published: August 2021

Summary:
Injuries to the distal aspect of the ulna and the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) commonly occur concurrently with distal radius fractures. These fractures may also involve the sigmoid notch of the lunate facet of the radius. Each of these structures merits consideration when managing ulnar-sided injuries associated with distal radius fractures. Improper management of distal radioulnar complex injuries may result in limited wrist motion, persistent DRUJ instability, and pain despite successful fracture union. The distal ulna is the keystone of the distal radioulnar articulation. An understanding of the components of the distal radioulnar complex and methods to manage injuries of each of these components contributes to improved functional outcomes by restoring this keystone effect. The classification of distal radioulnar injuries discussed herein provides a framework for understanding the disruption of the ligamentous stabilizers of the DRUJ and identifying residual distal radioulnar instability after fracture fixation. Proper treatment of residual DRUJ instability will restore stability and minimize persistent functional impairment.