bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactive Effects of Abiotic and Biotic Factors Drive Aquatic Plant Colonization in Subtropical Mangroves
Authors: Sampaio Jéssica Airisse Guimarães , Reis Carla Roberta Gonçalves , Lignon Marília Cunha , Nardoto Gabriela Bielefeld , Salemi Luiz Felippe 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The colonization and spread of non-native species are recognized as a critical driver of environmental change in mangrove ecosystems. However, environmental factors that favor non-native plant colonization in mangroves are still poorly understood. To contribute to filling this gap, we investigated the effect of selected abiotic factors associated controlling aquatic macrophytes colonization in mangroves in Southeastern Brazil. Furthermore, we also assessed foliar attributes of native and non-native species to evaluate whether biotic attributes favored the colonization. We selected 18 plots in mangrove forests under different levels of anthropogenic N inputs, both colonized and non-colonized by aquatic macrophytes in the Estuarine-Lagoon Complex of Cananeia-Iguape, southeastern Brazil. We measured interstitial salinity, sediment nitrate and ammonium concentrations, and sediment physicochemical properties. We also measured foliar nitrogen (N) concentrations, foliar C:N, and foliar δ13C of both native and non-native species. We found that interstitial salinity at 10 cm depth followed by nitrate concentrations in sediment were the main factors associated with the occurrence of aquatic macrophytes in the studied mangrove areas. Moreover, non-native species had about 2-fold higher foliar N concentrations as well as about a 1.5-fold lower C:N ratios compared to native species. Low salinity and increased N availability in sediment allowed for the success of aquatic macrophytes into mangrove forests, also resulting in high amount of dead mangrove trunks (up 53% of basal area).
Tebipenem as an oral alternative for the treatment of typhoid caused by extensively drug resistant (XDR) Salmonella Typhi
Authors: Mylona Elli , Vinh Phat Voong , Qureshi Sonia , Karkey Abhilasha , Dongol Sabina , Tuyen Ha Thanh , Walson Judd , Ballel Lluis , Alvaro Elena Fernández , Qamar Farah , Baker Stephen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The emergence of multi-drug (MDR) and extensive-drug resistance (XDR) in Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi A hinder efficacious out-patient enteric fever treatment. We show that non-XDR and XDR S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A are susceptible to the carbapenem tebipenem in vitro. Tebipenem demonstrated partial synergy with antimicrobials including azithromycin, signifying combination therapy may limit the emergence of resistance. Given recent evidence on tebipenem inhibitory activity against MDR Shigella, its broad-spectrum activity against MDR/XDR organisms renders it a good clinical trial candidate.
Disinfectant Efficacy Against Dry Surface Biofilms of Staphylococcus Aureus and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Is Product, Time Point and Strain Dependent
Authors: Nkemngong Carine A , Chaggar Gurpreet K , Li Xiaobao , Teska Peter J , Oliver Haley F 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Globally, healthcare associated infections (HAI) are the most frequent adverse outcome in healthcare delivery. Although bacterial biofilms contribute significantly to the incidence of HAI, few studies have investigated the efficacy of common disinfectants against dry surface biofilms (DSB). The objective of this study was to evaluate the bactericidal efficacy of seven disinfectants against DSB of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We hypothesized that overall, hydrogen peroxides, sodium dichloro-s-triazinetrione and quaternary ammonium compounds plus alcohol disinfectants will be more bactericidal against DSB than quaternary ammonium. We also hypothesized that regardless of differences in product chemistries, higher bactericidal efficacies against DSB will be exhibited after 24 h of dehydration compared to 72 h.Methods: Wet surface biofilms of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were grown following EPA-MLB-SOP-MB-19 and dehydrated for 24 h and 72 h to establish DSB. Seven EPA-registered disinfectants were tested against dehydrated DSB following EPA-MLB-SOP-MB-20. Results: Overall, quaternary ammonium plus alcohol, sodium dichloro-s-triazinetrione, and hydrogen peroxide products were more efficacious against DSB than quaternary ammoniums for both tested strains. While there was no significant difference in biofilm killing efficacies between 24 h and 72 h S. aureus biofilms, significantly higher log10 reductions were observed when products were challenged with 24 h P. aeruginosa DSB compared to 72 h P. aeruginosa DSB. Conclusion: Strain type, active ingredient class, and dry time significantly impact disinfectant efficacy against DSB of S. aureus or P. aeruginosa.
Oral iodine supplementation in very low birth weight infants. Thyroid function and Neurodevelopmental follow up at 24 months. A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Ares Susana , SAENZ-RICO BELEN , ARNAEZ JUAN , Diez-Sebastian Jesus , Omeñaca Felix , Bernal JUAN 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The trace element iodine (I) is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Premature babies need >30 µg I / kg /day (ICCIDD recommendations). Neonates and especially preterm infants are a population at risk of suffering the consequences of iodine deficiency, because of the impact of neonatal hypothyroxinemia on brain development. The main aim of this project is to prevent the mental retardation and increased risk of cerebral palsy of premature infants, which is partially caused by neonatal hypothyroxinemia. We gave Oral iodine supplementation in very premature babies during the neonatal period. Population: we included 94 infants born <1500g. Intervention group: we administered 30 µg I / kg /day of iodine in oral drops to 47 infants from first day of life until hospital discharge. Control group: 47 infants without supplements. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee. Samples of different formulas, maternal milk was kept for the determination of the iodine content. Interventions: Blood, food and urine samples (collected at 1, 7, 15, 21, 30 days after birth and at discharge). Measurements: milk and urine for iodine determination (Benotti method). Blood samples: for thyroid hormones (T4, free T4, T3 and TSH) and tyroglobulin. Their neurological development was assessed at 2 years of age (Bayley Test).Iodine content of mothers´ breast milk: 15 (5.0) µg I /dL (range 1-60); Infants in the supplemented group reached the recommendations from the first days of life. Infants in the control group did not reach the recommended intake of iodine to 60 days of life. We found a positive relation between iodine intake and the concentrations of thyroid hormones until 60 days of life. Conclusions: Thyroid function is related to iodine intake in preterm infants. Breast milk appears to be the best source of iodine for the premature infant. Preterm babies on formula preparations and with exclusive parenteral nutrition are at high risk of iodine deficiency. Therefore, supplements should be added if iodine intake is found to be inadequate.
Optimal Graph Edge Weights Driven NLMs with Multi-layer Residual Compensation
Authors: Yang Fang , Chen Xin , Chai Li 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Non-Local Means (NLMs) play important roles in image denoising, restoration, inpainting etc. due to its simple theory but effective performance. In this paper, in order to better remove noise without loss of image details, we further develop the NLMs based denoising method. It is realized by introducing a graph Laplacian regularization based weighting model and a multi-layer residual compensation strategy. Unlike the patch similarity based weights in classic NLMs filters, the graph Laplacian regularization defines the weights by considering 1) the distance between target pixel and the candidate pixel, 2) the local gradient and 3) the patch similarity. The proposed NLMs filter performs in a multi-layer framework to better remove the noise and smooth the result. The corresponding residuals at each layer are finally combined with the smooth image with learned weights to recover the image details. Experimental results show that our method is effective and robust, especially for piecewise-smooth images.
Long-term fate of the ascending aortic wall after wrapping with polytetrafluoroethylene felt: A case series
Authors: Tadokoro Yuki , Kitamura Tadashi , Tamura Yoshimi , Miyaji Kagami 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Aortic wrapping aims to prevent aortic enlargement or dissection; it is less invasive than ascending aorta replacement. Several studies have reported low mortality and morbidity rates in patients treated using aortic wrapping. Wrapping is often accompanied by aortic valve replacement, which may require a redo surgery after some years. However, only few reports have focused on the redo surgery after aortic wrapping. We report three such cases of redo surgery in patients who previously underwent aortic wrapping using polytetrafluoroethylene felt.Case presentation: Among the three cases, two were referred with complaints associated with the deterioration of the prosthetic valve, 10 years or longer after the initial surgery. In all the cases, the aortic wall exhibited severe erosion, necessitating replacement of the ascending aorta.Conclusion: The portion of the ascending aortic wall wrapped with polytetrafluoroethylene felt exhibited severe erosion late after surgery. Therefore, ascending aorta graft replacement is highly likely to be necessary in redo surgery performed long after initial ascending aorta wrapping.
Detection of Globodera pallida directly from soil sample using mt-COI region based LAMP assay
Authors: Bairwa Aarti , Dipta Bhawna , Verma Gaurav , Venkatasalam E. P. , Priyank H. M. , Shanthi A. , Jeevalatha A. , Naga Kailash , Sharma Sanjeev 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Potato cyst nematodes (PCN), Globodera rostochiensis (Golden/yellow) and G. pallida (White), are economically important and relatively specialized pest of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Both the species are being identified based on cyst colour after 55-60 days after planting (DAP) however, after 65 DAP, we cannot differentiate based on cyst colour as both species turns brown. Moreover, the molecular techniques available to detect the PCN at species level is laborious, time consuming and costly. Therefore, development of rapid, accurate and economically cheap technique for detection of PCN at species level from the field is important to device effective management strategies for sustainable potato production. Accordingly, in the first instance, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was developed to detect G. pallida directly from soil by using the mitochondrial (mt-COI) gene specific primer. The LAMP assay was completed within 60 min at 60 °C isothermal conditions and the primer, efficiently detects the G. pallida without any cross reaction with G. rostochiensis, Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica, Heterodera avenae, H. carotae, and Cactodera spp. In analytical sensitivity tests, the assay was able to detect G. pallida with 1000 times less DNA concentration (10 fg/µl) as compared to conventional PCR (10 pg/µl) and the LAMP product was visualized by using SYBR Gold nucleic acid dye and the assay can be highly useful in detection of G. pallida.
Alternative splicing of medaka bcl6aa and its repression by Prdm1a and Prdm1b
Authors: Ke Xiaomei , Zhang Runshuai , Yao Qiting , Duan Shi , Hong Wentao , Cao Mengxi , Zhou Qingchun , Zhong Xueping , Zhao Haobin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Bcl6 and Prdm1 (Blimp1) are a pair of transcriptional factors that repressing each other in the mammals. Prdm1 represses the expression of bcl6 by binding a cis-element of bcl6 gene in mammals. The homologs of Bcl6 and Prdm1 have been identified in teleost fish. However, whether these two factors regulate each other by the same way in fish as that in the mammals is not clear. In this study, the regulation of bcl6aa by Prdm1 was investigated in medaka. The mRNA of bcl6aa has three variants (bcl6aaX1-X3) at the 5′-end by alternative splicing with different promoters detected by RT-PCR. The three variants can be detected in adult tissues and developing embryos of medaka. The predicted proteins of Bcl6aaX1-X3 may have modification such as acetylation, C-mannosylation, phosphorylation, and sumoylation in the N-terminuses with different half-lives and relative translation efficiencies. Prdm1a and prdm1b are expressed in the tissues and embryos where and when bcl6aa is expressed. The expression of prdm1a was high while the expression of bcl6aa was low, and vice versa, detected in the spleen after stimulation with LPS or polyI:C. In vitro reporter assay indicated that bcl6aa could be directly repressed by both Prdm1a and Prdm1b in a dosage-dependent manner. After mutation of the key base, G, of all predicted binding sites in the core promoter region of bcl6aa, the repression by Prdm1a and/or Prdm1b disappeared. The consensus binding site of Prdm1 in bcl6aa gene is GAAAA(T/G). These results indicate that both Prdm1a and Prdm1b directly repress the expression of bcl6aa by binding the consensus binding site where the 5′-G is critical in medaka fish.
Association between antenatal care visits and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a retrospective cross-sectional study among Ghanaian women
Authors: ABUKARI ALHASSAN SIBDOW , Mohammed Shamsudeen , Yakubu Ibrahim , Salisu Waliu Jawula , Yakubu Yakubu H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background The study aimed to determine the association between antenatal visits and adverse pregnancy outcomes among Ghanaian women in the North East Region.Methods We analysed data on the birth records of 2907 women who delivered at Baptist Medical Centre between January 2018 to December 2018. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the association between antenatal visits and four adverse pregnancy outcomes – preterm birth, low birth weight, small-for-gestational-age, and stillbirth. Results Our analysis showed that ANC attendance offered some protection against preterm birth, low birth weight, small-for-gestational-age, and stillbirth in the study sample, albeit with variations in the protective effect depending on the number of visits attended. An increase in the number of ANC visits was associated with a decrease in the occurrence of the adverse pregnancy outcomes, except for low birth weight where the protective effect was observed only after four ANC visits. Adolescent mothers attended the least number of ANC visits during the study period. Our analysis suggests that the effect of ANC attendance on preterm birth and low birth weight differed depending on the age of the mother. Among mothers who never attended any ANC visits, adolescent mothers and older mothers had higher odds of low birth weight compared to mothers aged 20-30years. Surprisingly, the odds of preterm birth among the mothers who never attended any ANC visits was lower in adolescent mothers and older mothers compared to mothers aged 20-30years. For mothers who attended four or more ANC visits, the odds of low birth weight were higher in adolescent mothers and lower in older mothers compared to mothers aged 20-30years. However, the odds of preterm birth among the mothers who attended more than four ANC visits was higher in adolescent mothers and older mothers compared to mothers aged 20-30years. Conclusion The findings highlight the importance of ANC in preventing adverse pregnancy outcomes and the need for every pregnant woman to initiate and ensure adequate ANC contacts. The results also highlight the need to prioritise adolescents and older pregnant women for ANC.
Prevalence and incidence of dental fluorosis in India: protocol for a systematic review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Mittal Hitesh Chander , Bajpai Ram , Singh Rajesh Kumar , Mohanty Utkal 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background Dental fluorosis has lifelong health impacts which can range from risk of dental caries to loss of teeth as well as aesthetic issues having psychological effects. The dental fluorosis burden in terms of its overall prevalence in India is lacking. Knowledge about the prevalence of dental fluorosis is important for healthcare planning and resource allocation. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of dental fluorosis in India and its associated factors.Methods A systematic search of electronic databases viz. MEDLINE (via PubMed), IndMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and WHOLIS (WHO library database) will be undertaken from inception to 15th February 2021. Two investigators will independently screen the search results followed by full-text screening for inclusion in the review as per predefined criteria. The data will be extracted for included studies using a pre-designed data extraction form and results will be presented in tabulated form. The meta-analysis will be performed for a homogeneous group of studies if found any. Sensitivity analysis will be performed to address the heterogeneity across studies.Discussion This review will describe and summarize the available epidemiological evidence in India in terms of overall prevalence, geographical distribution, and associated factors of dental fluorosis. Further, the finding of this systematic review will be the result of the methodological assessment of the published literature. Understanding the epidemiology of dental fluorosis terms would help in identifying focus areas for intervention as well as better planning and utilization of scarce resources. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO, CRD42021235670
Emerging Multimorbidity Patterns and Its Linkages With Selected Health Outcomes Among Working-Agegroup Population: Findings From Odisha, India
Authors: Pati Sanghamitra , Puri Parul , Gupta Priti , Panda Meely , Mahapatra Pranab 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The study utilized data on 2912 individuals in the age-group 15-64 years collected under the burden of diseases study among patients attending public health care settings of Odisha, India. The findings suggested that 2.4% of the individuals in the working age-group were affected with multimorbidity. We utilized a latent class analysis (LCA) to identify commonly occurring disease clusters. Based on the LCA model fits, i.e., lowest AIC and BIC values, two latent disease classes were identified. These classes were named low co-morbidity and Hypertension-Diabetes-Arthritis; based on the item responseprobabilities. Binary logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, educationlevel, marital status, socio-economic status, residence, and health insurance, highlighted thatage, belonging to a non-aboriginal ethnicity and urban area increased the risk of being in the‘Hypertension-Diabetes-Arthritis’group compared to ‘low-comorbidity’ group. Furthermore, 50% of the individual in the ‘Hypertension-Diabetes-Arthritis’ group reportedpoor quality of life, whereas 30% reported poor self-rated health (SRH) compared to only11% reporting poor SRH in the ‘low-comorbidity’ group. Additionally, the mean healthscore reported by the individuals in the ‘Hypertension-Diabetes-Arthritis’ group was 39.9(scale 0-100) compared to 46.9 by their counterparts.
Genomic Analysis of Curtobacterium Flaccumfaciens Reveals the Differences Between Pathogenic and Nonpathogenic Strains
Authors: Li Qingde , Sun Lianjun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose

Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens is a Gram-positive bacterium which has been isolated from different plants and abiotic environment. Curtobacterium. flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens (Cff) is a pathogenic bacterium that infects legume, which is causing great economic losses. At the genomic level, the metabolic and phylogenetic characteristics, and differences in pathogenicity between pathogenic and nonpathogenic C. flaccumfaciens strains have not been analyzed in detail.
Methods

Therefore, in order to discuss the differences in genome, phylogeny, gene function and mobile genetic elements between pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains, pangenomics and comparative genomics were used in this study to analyze 12 C. flaccumfaciens strains.
Result

The pangenome of C. flaccumfaciens is open. Phylogenetic analysis showed that there was no correlation between the phylogeny and pathogenicity of C. flaccumfaciens. KAAS annotation of the core genome shows that the citrate cycle was incomplete. In addition, gene islands analysis of the three pathogenicity-related genes encoding for pectate lyase, serine protease and cellulases showed that they only existed in the Cffs and LMG3645 strains. LMG3645 might be a pathogenic strain.
Conclusion

This study clearly and reliably revealed the differences between the pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains of C. flaccumfaciens at the genomic level, and paves the way for further research on its pathogenicity.
Bridging Epidemiology and System Dynamics Modeling to Better Understand HCV Risk Among Young People Who Inject Drugs.
Authors: Mateu-Gelabert Pedro , Sabounchi Nasim , Guarino Honoria , Ciervo Courtney , Joseph Kellie , Eckhardt Benjamin , Fong Chunki , Huang Terry T.K. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background Injection drug use is the leading risk factor for hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission in the US. Despite the knowledge of the risk factors for HCV among people who inject drugs (PWID), there is a need to better understand how these multiple factors interact and impact young PWID.MethodsData originated from a study of 539 New York City (NYC) residents ages 18-29 recruited via Respondent-Driven Sampling, who reported past-month nonmedical use of prescription opioids and/or heroin. Analyses are based on a subsample of 337 (62%) who reported injecting any drug 12 months prior to the interview. All variables were assessed via self-report, except HCV status, which was established via rapid antibody testing. Building on the statistical associations found we developed a qualitative system dynamics (SD) model to integrate into a single framework key risk and preventive factors for HCV.ResultsHCV antibody prevalence is 31% with an overall incidence of 10 per 100 person-years. HCV status was independently correlated with sharing cookers with two or more people (AOR=2.17); injecting drugs 4-6 years (AOR=2.49) and 7 or more (AOR=4.95); lifetime homelessness (AOR=2.52); and being incarcerated two or more times (AOR=1.99). The SD model facilitates identifying non-linearities and feedback loop structures not included in the statistical model and high leverage points such as harm reduction and HCV treatment that could ameliorate the spread of HCV.ConclusionThe results may indicate an overall positive impact of harm reduction efforts in reducing HCV prevalence among young PWID in NYC while injection risks and structural factors remain areas of key concern. An SD approach contributes to a better understanding of how these risk factors interact and what policies could be effective in reducing HCV infections.