bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Exploration of the Application of Vesical Imaging‐Reporting and Data System (VI‐RADS) in Post‐treatment Patients With Bladder Cancer: A Prospective Single‐Center Study
Authors: Cao Bohong , Li Qing , Xu Peirong , Chen Weijie , Hu Xiaoyi , Dai Chenchen , Shan Yingchan , Ding Yuqin , Mao Wei , Liu Kai , Wu Pu‐Yeh , Sun Weiling , Rao Shengxiang , Zeng Mengsu , Jiang Shuai , Zhou Jianjun 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundVesical Imaging‐Reporting and Data System (VI‐RADS) has been shown to be effective in diagnosing muscle invasion of bladder cancer (BC) in primary patients.PurposeTo evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of VI‐RADS in a BC target population which included post‐treatment patients, and to determine the repeatability.Study TypeProspective.PopulationSeventy‐three patients (42 with primary BC, 31 with post‐treatment BC).Field Strength/Sequence3.0 T MRI with propeller fast spin‐echo T2WI, echo planer imaging diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI), and dynamic contrast‐enhanced imaging (DCEI).AssessmentVI‐RADS scores were independently assessed by five radiologists with different levels of experience. The diagnostic efficiency in each group (primary and post‐treatment) and of each radiologist was assessed.Statistical TestsSensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV), and area under the curve (AUC) in receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were calculated to evaluate VI‐RADS diagnostic performance. Interobserver agreement was assessed using weighted Kappa statistics. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsAt the corresponding cut‐off, AUC values of three groups range from 0.936 to 0.947 and AUC values of five observers range from 0.901 to 0.963. There was no significant difference between the AUCs in the primary and post‐treatment groups (P = 0.870). The cut‐off of the whole group and the post‐treatment group was ≥4, and the cut‐off of the primary group was ≥3. The Kappa values of interobserver agreements range from 0.709 to 0.923.ConclusionsAfter expanding the target population to include post‐treatment patients, VI‐RADS still has good diagnostic efficacy and repeatability. VI‐RADS could potentially be a preoperative staging tool for post‐treatment patients.Level of Evidence1Technical Efficacy Stage2
Disturbed Interhemispheric Functional and Structural Connectivity in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Cui Ying , Tang Tian‐Yu , Lu Chun‐Qiang , Lu Tong , Wang Yuan‐Cheng , Teng Gao‐Jun , Ju Shenghong 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with cognitive decline and altered brain structure and function. However, the interhemispheric coordination of T2DM patients is unclear.PurposeTo investigate interhemispheric functional and anatomic connectivity in T2DM, and their associations with cognitive performance and endocrine parameters.Study TypeProspective.Subjects38 T2DM patients and 42 matched controls.Field Strength/Sequences3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner; magnetization‐prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo sequence; fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery sequence; single‐shot, gradient‐recalled echo‐planar imaging sequence (resting‐state functional MRI); and diffusion‐weighted spin‐echo‐based echo‐planar sequence (diffusion tensor imaging).AssessmentVoxel‐mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) value was calculated based on the functional images. Fibers passing through the regions with significant VMHC differences were identified using an atlas‐guided track recognition. The mean fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and fiber length were extracted and compared between the two groups. Finally, correlational analyses were performed to examine the relationships between abnormal interhemispheric connectivity, cognitive performances, and endocrine parameters.Statistical TestsTwo‐sample t‐tests were performed controlling for confounding factors, with partial correlation analysis. False discovery rate (FDR) correction was used for multiple comparisons. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsT2DM patients exhibited significantly decreased VMHC between bilateral lingual gyrus and sensorimotor cortex. The fibers connecting lingual gyrus in patients showed significantly lower FA (P = 0.011) and shorter fiber length (P < 0.001), while the differences in sensorimotor fibers were insignificant (P = 0.096 for FA, P = 0.739 for fiber length and P = 0.150 for MD). The FA value in the lingual fibers was negatively correlated with insulin resistance (IR) level in T2DM group after FDR correction (R = −0.635).Data ConclusionWe noted disruptions in interhemispheric coordination in T2DM patients, involving both functional and anatomical connectivities. IR might be a promising therapeutic target in the intervention of T2DM‐related cognitive impairment.Level of Evidence2Technical Efficacy Stage2
A Schrödinger–Poisson model for output characteristics of trigate ballistic Si fin field effect transistors (FinFETs)
Authors: Memon Qamar‐ud‐din , Ahmed Umer F. , Ahmed Muhammad M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article presents a Schrödinger–Poisson based technique to predict characteristics of trigate Si fin field effect transistors (FinFETs). The channel characteristics are modeled by a three‐dimensional (3D) Schrödinger wave equation considering quantum‐mechanical ballistic transport. Using a nonequilibrium green function and a 3D Poisson equation, drain current associated with source‐drain Fermi energy difference is evaluated. Contact resistance and its impact on the drain current is adjusted using a modeled parameter in Fermi‐Dirac distribution function. It is observed that the drain current as a function of drain bias saturates because of the finite carrier supply from the source electrode. The model is calibrated using TCAD simulations for quantum transport. To validate the proposed model, output and transfer characteristics of nanoscale FinFETs are compared with experimental data and a good degree of accuracy is observed. It has been demonstrated that the proposed model has the ability to predict FinFETs characteristics having .
Schwann cell precursors generate sympathoadrenal system during zebrafish development
Authors: Kamenev Dmitrii , Sunadome Kazunori , Shirokov Maxim , Chagin Andrey S. , Singh Ajeet , Irion Uwe , Adameyko Igor , Fried Kaj , Dyachuk Vyacheslav 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe autonomic portion of the peripheral nervous system orchestrates tissue homeostasis through direct innervation of internal organs, and via release of adrenalin and noradrenalin into the blood flow. The developmental mechanisms behind the formation of autonomic neurons and chromaffin cells are not fully understood. Using genetic tracing, we discovered that a significant proportion of sympathetic neurons in zebrafish originates from Schwann cell precursors (SCPs) during a defined period of embryonic development. Moreover, SCPs give rise to the main portion of the chromaffin cells, as well as to a significant proportion of enteric and other autonomic neurons associated with internal organs. The conversion of SCPs into neuronal and chromaffin cells is ErbB receptor dependent, as the pharmacological inhibition of the ErbB pathway effectively perturbed this transition. Finally, using genetic ablations, we revealed that SCPs producing neurons and chromaffin cells migrate along spinal motor axons to reach appropriate target locations. This study reveals the evolutionary conservation of SCP‐to‐neuron and SCP‐to‐chromaffin cell transitions over significant growth periods in fish and highlights relevant cellular‐genetic mechanisms. Based on this, we anticipate that multipotent SCPs might be present in postnatal vertebrate tissues, retaining the capacity to regenerate autonomic neurons and chromaffin cells.
Benign Intratracheal Thyroid: A Systematic Review of 43 Cases With Five New Case Reports
Authors: Ma Hongzhi , Brooks Jennifer A. , Iwata Ayaka J. , Li Pingdong , Zhong Qi , Fang Jugao , Randolph Gregory W. 
Published: June 2021

Objective/HypothesisTo examine the clinical features of benign intratracheal thyroid (ITT) and their management strategies and outcomes.Study DesignCase series study.MethodsThis systemic review was conducted in two international academic centers. This review includes 43 patients: one new case from the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, four new cases from Beijing Tongren Hospital, and 38 previously published cases. We analyzed these 43 cases and summarized the patients' epidemiological data, clinical features, and treatment regimens.ResultsITTs were less common in men than in women (male:female ratio of 3:10). ITT was observed in patients as young as neonates and as old as 85 years. Orthotopic thyroid nodules were present in 55.8% of the patients with ITT. Malignancy was incidentally found in 4.6% of all ITTs. Imaging examinations showed that the ITTs were typically attached to the posterolateral/lateral tracheal wall of the first, second, or third tracheal rings. Tissue attachment between the ITT and normal thyroid lobes was seen in 59.5% of the patients. Thirty‐seven patients underwent surgery: 30 underwent open surgery, and seven underwent endoscopic debulking resections. One neonate received thyroid suppression therapy. One patient with ITT and papillary thyroid cancer was treated with radiotherapy and ultimately died after recurrence.ConclusionsSurgical resection is an effective treatment for benign ITT. We hypothesized that abnormalities during the embryonic development of Berry's ligament might play a role in ITT pathogenesis.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 131:E2609–E2617, 2021
The Instagrammable outdoors – Investigating the sharing of nature experiences through visual social media
Authors: Arts Irma , Fischer Anke , Duckett Dominic , van der Wal René 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Despite the growing popularity of Instagram as a medium to portray nature and the outdoors, there remains limited research available exploring its influence on people's experiences in nature. We investigate Instagram as a three‐way negotiation between users, the platform's affordances and social norms associated with both Instagram use and outdoor experiences.

Moving beyond polarized, conceptual debates situating social media affordances within dystopias and eutopias, we provide empirical insight from the lived experiences of everyday Instagram users reflecting upon their mediated outdoor activities.

We found that participants shared special moments, beautiful landscapes and happy memories while they struggled with notions of authenticity associated with these experiences. They perceived certain scenes as more ‘Instagrammable’ than others, and this led to sharing homogenous stories and visual representations of the outdoors.

At the same time, participants actively reflected on this standardization and aestheticization of the landscape and their experiences, and highlighted strategies to counter this, such as actively following voices normally under‐represented in media portraying outdoor activities or posting pictures that were not ‘polished’.

We conclude that to understand modern‐day interactions with nature and move beyond purely theoretical discussions about the flaws or merits of social media, we need to look at users' own strategies that integrate visual social media into their outdoor activities, while taking into account how platform features and social norms contribute to the construction of these activities.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Heterogenous presence of neutrophil extracellular traps in human solid tumours is partially dependent on IL‐8
Authors: de Andrea Carlos E , Ochoa María Carmen , Villalba‐Esparza María , Teijeira Álvaro , Schalper Kurt A , Abengozar‐Muela Marta , Eguren‐Santamaría Iñaki , Sainz Cristina , Sánchez‐Gregorio Sandra , Garasa Saray , Ariz Mikel , Ortiz‐de‐Solorzano Carlos , Rodriguez‐Ruiz María E , Perez‐Gracia Jose L , Lozano María D , Echeveste José I , Sanmamed Miguel F , Melero Ignacio 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNeutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are webs of extracellular nuclear DNA extruded by dying neutrophils infiltrating tissue. NETs constitute a defence mechanism to entrap and kill fungi and bacteria. Tumours induce the formation of NETs to the advantage of the malignancy via a variety of mechanisms shown in mouse models. Here, we investigated the presence of NETs in a variety of human solid tumours and their association with IL‐8 (CXCL8) protein expression and CD8+ T‐cell density in the tumour microenvironment. Multiplex immunofluorescence panels were developed to identify NETs in human cancer tissues by co‐staining with the granulocyte marker CD15, the neutrophil marker myeloperoxidase and citrullinated histone H3 (H3Cit), as well as IL‐8 protein and CD8+ T cells. Three ELISA methods to detect and quantify circulating NETs in serum were optimised and utilised. Whole tumour sections and tissue microarrays from patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC; n = 14), bladder cancer (n = 14), melanoma (n = 11), breast cancer (n = 31), colorectal cancer (n = 20) and mesothelioma (n = 61) were studied. Also, serum samples collected retrospectively from patients with metastatic melanoma (n = 12) and NSCLC (n = 34) were ELISA assayed to quantify circulating NETs and IL‐8. NETs were detected in six different human cancer types with wide individual variation in terms of tissue density and distribution. At least in NSCLC, bladder cancer and metastatic melanoma, NET density positively correlated with IL‐8 protein expression and inversely correlated with CD8+ T‐cell densities. In a series of serum samples from melanoma and NSCLC patients, a positive correlation between circulating NETs and IL‐8 was found. In conclusion, NETs are detectable in formalin‐fixed human biopsy samples from solid tumours and in the circulation of cancer patients with a considerable degree of individual variation. NETs show a positive association with IL‐8 and a trend towards a negative association with CD8+ tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Self‐esteem in adolescents with learning difficulties: A study from the perspective of the students, parents, and teachers
Authors: Caqueo‐Urízar Alejandra , Mena‐Chamorro Patricio , Atencio‐Quevedo Diego , Flores Jerome , Urzúa Alfonso 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the association between learning difficulties and self‐esteem in adolescents in northern Chile. The study sample comprised 116 students aged 13–17 years from government‐subsidized schools. The Child and Adolescent Assessment System (SENA) was used to measure the variables considered in this study. The results showed that learning and school problems were able to predict 16% (F = 6.416; p = .000; R
2
a = 0.16) of self‐esteem variance. It seems that students who present difficulties in their learning process are more vulnerable to not appreciating their qualities and feeling less proud of themselves, which could decrease their self‐esteem. These findings should inform the design of future psychoeducational interventions that promote healthy self‐esteem.
Ball‐Milling Effect on Biomass‐Derived Nanocarbon Catalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Zhang Jun J. , Sun Yin , Guo Li K. , Sun Xian N. , Huang Nai B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNano‐carbon oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst having a large N atoms content derived from biomass has been widely studied recently in fuel cells. In this paper, yuba of high‐protein (wt. 53 %) was employed as precursor to fabricate N self‐doped porous carbon ORR electrocatalysts with high N content. In terms of ORR performance, Y‐850 exhibited the optimal electrocatalytic activity among all the samples at different pyrolysis temperatures, which is comparable that of commercial 20 % Pt/C. The prominent ORR characteristic of Y‐850 is mainly contributed by its high N content, especially high graphitic‐N content. In order to further improve its ORR performance, ball‐milling was conducted on Y‐850 before and after pyrolysis. The results indicate that an appropriate ball‐milling before pyrolysis can effectively increase the limited current density of ORR.
DFT and TD‐DFT Study on Azobenzene‐Based Dye Covalently Attached to Silane Coupling Agents: Toward Dye‐Sensitized TiO2 Catalyst and Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cell Applications
Authors: Takeshita Tatsuya 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHerein, density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent DFT (TD‐DFT) studies of 4‐[(4‐methoxyphenyl)diazenyl]naphthalen‐1‐amine (MPDNA) covalently attached to a silane coupling agent (SCA) (namely, 4‐(triethoxysilyl)butane‐1,2‐epoxide (OTES)) with a terminal oxirane group (MPDNA‐OTES) were performed to determine the influence of SCAs on the geometry of photosensitizing dyes with multiple photoisomers or conformers. CH−O interaction between the hydroxyl group, which was formed by an epoxy ring‐opening reaction between MPDNA and OTES, and the 1‐naphthylamine moiety resulted in two conformers of MPDNA‐OTES. The dominant trans‐isomer conformation of MPDNA‐OTES indicates a high driving force of electron injection (−1.61 eV) and significantly contributes to the photocurrent in dye‐sensitized TiO2 catalysts and dye‐sensitized solar cells. It is concluded that by combining OTES and a photosensitizing dye containing a 1‐naphthylamine moiety, the CH−O interaction can be utilized to regulate the geometry of the dye to realize characteristics favorable for electron injection into the conduction band of TiO2.
Complementary Photo‐Synapses Based on Light‐Stimulated Porphyrin‐Coated Silicon Nanowires Field‐Effect Transistors (LPSNFET)
Authors: Li Xiaokang , Yu Bocheng , Wang Bowen , Bi Ran , Li Haixia , Tu Kun , Chen Gong , Li Zhihong , Huang Ru , Li Ming 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNeuromorphic computing has emerged as the high‐energy‐efficiency and intelligent solution for processing sensory data. As a potential alternative to neuromorphic computing, photo‐excited synaptic systems can integrate the functions of optoelectronic sensing and synaptic computing to realize the low‐power and high‐performance visual perception. However, one major challenge in high‐efficient photo‐excited synaptic system is to realize the complementarily enhanced and inhibited synaptic behaviors with small hardware cost as possible. Another challenge is to fabricate the photo‐synapse devices with complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)‐compatible process to achieve high enough integration density for practical application. Here, a CMOS‐compatible Light‐stimulated Porphyrin‐coated Silicon Nanowire Field Effect Transistor (LPSNFET) technology is proposed and developed to form the complementary photo‐synapses with only two CMOS‐like transistors. LPSNFET exhibits fivefold improvement in photo‐sensitivity compared to the bare silicon nanowire (SiNW) devices, and can still show obvious responses when incident illumination power is as low as 0.1 mW cm−2. Moreover, it enables tunable dynamic synaptic plasticity and versatile synaptic functions. Especially, the complementarily enhanced and inhibited behaviors can be realized by modulating SiNW/porphyrin interface via simply changing the MOS type of LPSNFET, which acts like the photonic counterpart of CMOS technology to provide the basic brick for building complex neuromorphic circuits efficiently and economically. Finally, the CMOS process compatibility of LPSNFET provides potential application in future large scale in‐sensor computing.
Effect of acetylated cellulose nanocrystals on solid‐state foaming behaviors of chain‐extended poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate)
Authors: Cui Yalin , Luo Jingyun , Deng Yafeng , Wang Xiangdong , Zhou Hongfu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFully biodegradable chain‐extended poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (CPBAT)/acetylated cellulose nanocrystals (ACNCs) nanocomposites were prepared by the melt compounding process. The dispersibility of CNCs in deionized water was improved through the surface acetylation, which was observed by atomic force microscope and transmission electron microscope. The chain extender was added to the PBAT matrix to improve the melt strength and viscoelasticity of PBAT. The ACNC nanoparticles which served as bionano‐reinforcing fillers were introduced into CPBAT to further improve the crystallization behaviors and rheological properties of CPBAT/ACNCs nanocomposites. Finally, the CPBAT/ACNCs nanocomposite foams were prepared via batch supercritical CO2foaming process. The cell structure and morphology of various CPBAT/ACNCs foams were investigated by scanning electron microscope. It was found that the introduction of ACNC nanoparticles led to a reduction of cell size, an increase in cell density and in the uniform cell distribution owing to the heterogeneous cell nucleation effect of ACNCs. Meanwhile, the volume expansion ratio (VER) of CPBAT foams reached to 9.21 times, the highest VER reported for PBAT foam in the current literature. Also, the thermal conductive properties of nanocomposites and foams also were studied by a laser thermal conductivity analyzer.
Feline hyperesthesia syndrome: Epilepsy as possible aetiology in two cats
Authors: Gómez Álvarez Christian M. , Soler Arias Elber Alberto 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFeline hyperesthesia syndrome (FHS) is a poorly understood entity whose aetiology is currently unknown. Epilepsy has been proposed as a possible cause, but no evidence has been shown. Two cats, aged 1.5 and 2 years old, were studied for neurological episodes characterised by skin rippling, muscle spasms, licking and biting of the lumbar area, head shaking, tail swinging and presumptive hallucinations, among other symptoms. Physical and neurological examination, brain magnetic resonance imaging and cerebrospinal fluid analysis were unremarkable. However, electroencephalogram (EEG) showed polyspike‐like epileptic discharges originated in the temporoparietal area in one cat and focal sharp waves in left frontotemporal area in the other one. In both cases, the episodes were reduced significantly in response to anticonvulsant therapy. Based on these results, EEG could be part of FHS diagnostic test and epilepsy considered as a possible aetiology.