bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dosimetric impact of dwell time deviation constraint on inverse brachytherapy treatment planning and comparison with conventional optimization method for interstitial brachytherapy implants
Authors: Roy Saurabh , Subramani V. , Singh Kishore , Rathi Arun Kumar 
Published: June 2021

Purpose:
High-dose rate remote afterloading brachytherapy machine and advanced treatment planning system help in getting optimum dose to tumor and low dose to normal structures. Inverse planning simulated annealing (IPSA) optimization technique has a unique feature of dwell time deviation constraint (DTDC). In this study, six IPSA-based plans having different DTDC values with routinely practiced geometric plus graphical optimization (GO + GrO) have been compared using various dosimetric parameters.

Materials and Methods:
For this retrospective study, we have generated IPSA-optimized interstitial brachytherapy plans for ten cancer cervix patients. Routinely practiced GO + GrO-based plans were compared with six different IPSA plans having varying DTDC values from 0.0 to 1.0 using different dosimetric indices.

Results:
Conformity index and homogeneity index (HI) were higher in GO + GrO plans, compared to IPSA-optimized plans. However, HI of IPSA plans was increasing with increasing DTDC values. High-dose volumes were well controllable using DTDC parameter in IPSA-optimized plans. Dose to the rectum and bladder was smaller for IPSA-optimized plans than GO + GrO plans.

Conclusions:
One of the benefits of applying DTDC in IPSA-optimized plan is that it reduces high-dose volumes. Another advantage is the reduction in rectum and bladder dose.
Diagnostic accuracy of Raman spectroscopy for the diagnosis of bladder cancer
Authors: Kim Do Kyung , Kim Yon Hee , Lee Hyun Young , Lee Soomin , Doo Seung Whan , Yang Won Jae , Song Yun Seob , Kim Ki Hyun , Kim Jae Heon 
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
Although several studies have been conducted to evaluate the feasibility of Raman spectroscopy (RS) for the diagnosis of bladder cancer (BCa), it is difficult to use RS in real clinical settings based on the current limited evidence. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the diagnostic accuracy of RS in BCa.

Materials and Methods:
Comprehensive literature searches were performed in the PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases up to March 2019. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, this study included reports according to the participant, intervention, comparator, outcomes, and study design approach. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated according to questionnaires and criteria suggested by the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool. The quantitative outcomes included diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity and specificity).

Results:
Fifteen studies were included for qualitative analysis and four studies (BCa cases, n = 139; control cases n = 107) were included in this analysis by screening the full text of the remaining articles based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria through a systematic review. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of RS were 0.91 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.85–0.95) and 0.93 (95% CI: 0.86–0.97), respectively. The among-study heterogeneity was statistically significant in the specificity results (Cochran Q statistic, P = 0.015; I2 statistic, 71.3%) but not in the sensitivity results (Cochran Q statistic, P = 0.189; I2 statistic, 37.2%).

Conclusions:
RS showed the potential to be an efficient tool with high accuracy for detecting malignant bladder lesions. More studies with in vivo real-time settings are warranted to validate our results.
Estimation of endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 level of expression in lesional and nonlesional skin of psoriatic patients and healthy controls
Authors: Metwally Dina , Rashed Laila A. , Badr Amul M. , Elqadi Doaa M. , Hilal Rana F. 
Published: June 2021

Background
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the skin, in which an elevated expression of endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1), an enzyme involved in the final processing of major histocompatibility complex-I ligands, was reported. No previous reports studied the level of ERAP1 in lesional and nonlesional skin of psoriatic patients.

Objective
To estimate the level of ERAP1 expression in lesional and nonlesional skin of psoriatic patients and the skin of healthy controls to define its role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.

Patients and methods
In this case–control study, 25 psoriatic patients and 30 healthy, age-matched and sex-matched controls were enrolled. All patients were subjected to detailed history and clinical examination, including Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score to determine severity of psoriasis. Skin biopsies were obtained from all participants: two from psoriatic patients (lesional and nonlesional) and one from healthy controls. ERAP1 level was measured using PCR technique.

Results
There was a highly significant level of expression of ERAP1 in psoriatic lesions when compared with control skin (P<0.001). Moreover, ERAP1 in nonlesional tissue in psoriatic patients was significantly higher than in controls (P<0.001). ERAP1 expression in lesional tissue was higher than that in nonlesional tissue, but without a significant difference. Moreover, a positive correlation was detected between lesional tissue ERAP1 level and PASI score. Nonlesional tissue ERAP1 also correlated positively with the PASI score.

Conclusion
This study, which is the first to measure tissue ERAP1 expression, demonstrated an increased expression in psoriatic skin, in addition to its positive correlation with disease severity. This implied the role of ERAP1 in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, thus encouraging the study of future treatment modalities targeting ERAP1 pathway that could revolutionize treatment for psoriasis.
Demand of ophthalmic services in a rural district of Costa Rica
Authors: Acon Dhariana , Crim Nicolas , Wu Lihteh 
Published: June 2021

Purpose:
To report the demand of ophthalmic services and the prevalence of the main ophthalmic pathologies in a rural population of Costa Rica.

Study Design:
A cross-sectional study of all individuals seen at the ophthalmology outpatient clinic during March 2016 to February 2017.

Methods:
All cases presenting to the ophthalmology outpatient clinic during March 2016 to February 2017 were reviewed (n = 895 patients, 1790 eyes). Visual acuity was measured using the Snellen chart.

Results:
The most common reasons for consultation were decreased visual acuity in 37.7% (326/865), foreign-body sensation 20.2% (175/865), glaucoma control 5.9% (51/865), screening or follow-up of diabetes mellitus (DM) 5.8% (50/865), and blunt trauma in 5% (43/865) of patients. A total of 252 (14.1%) eyes presented with a best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) ≤20/200; 357 (19.9%) eyes had a BCVA <20/40 and >20/200; and 1181 (65.9%) had a BCVA ≥20/40. There were 40 (4.5%) patients that had a BCVA ≤20/200 bilaterally. The most common ophthalmic findings included cataract in 552 (30.8%) eyes, pterygium in 296 (16.5%) eyes, primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in 187 (10.4%) eyes, age-related macular degeneration in 168 (9.4%) eyes, and 131 (7.3%) eyes with diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Conclusions:
The most common cause of ophthalmic consultation was decreased vision, of which 14% had a BCVA ≤20/200. The common findings included cataract, pterygia, POAG, age-related macular degeneration, and DR. Seventy-five percent of bilateral visual loss is avoidable.
Corneal dystrophies
Authors: Mora Matilde , Mejia Maria Elisa , Martinez-Ceballos Maria Alejandra , Roca Daniela 
Published: June 2021

Purpose:
To describe sociodemographic findings, frequency, and clinical characteristics of patients with corneal dystrophy who consulted an ophthalmologic national reference center in Bogotá-Colombia in 10 years.

Methods:
Observational, descriptive case series study was carried out. The information was obtained from reviewing medical records of patients who consulted the cornea service at an ophthalmologic national reference center in Bogotá-Colombia between 2008 and 2018. The diagnosis of corneal dystrophy was done according to the International Committee for Corneal Dystrophies classification, as well as the currently accepted specific name of the dystrophy. The type of dystrophy, clinical, diagnostic findings, sociodemographic characteristics, and type of treatment were evaluated.

Results:
A total of 151 eyes of 79 patients were analyzed; 68.3% of subjects were female. The mean age was 57.6 ± 18.9 years, with a range between 2 and 95 years. The median best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in all the groups at diagnosis was 0.30 LogMAR (interquartile range 0.5) or 20/40 Snellen. Lattice dystrophy type 1 and its variants had the worse BCVA. Fuchs' dystrophy (FD) was the most frequently identified. Regarding treatment, 80.1% (n = 121) did not require any, and 11.9% (n = 18) had a corneal transplant. Thirteen underwent penetrating keratoplasty. Of those, two had a clinical diagnosis of TGFB1 dystrophy, three of stromal dystrophy, and eight of endothelial dystrophy. DSAEK was performed in 5 eyes four had endothelial dystrophy and one had unclassified dystrophy.

Conclusions:
Adults and females were the most affected groups. FD was the most frequent and unclassified dystrophies were the second most frequently diagnosed. This highlights the importance of complementary studies such as optical coherence tomography of the anterior segment and genetic markers which are not currently universally available in our healthcare system.

Ethical considerations:
This study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee and was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
Assessment of three modes knowledge, attitude and enthusiasm of dental postgraduates towards scientific research in private dental college at Kanpur district - A cross-sectional study
Authors: Mehrotra Vishal , Sachdev Rohan , Garg Kriti , Srivastava Rahul , Sambyal Sheenam , Chauhan Shiv Singh 
Published: June 2021

Context:
Scientific research is an indispensable part of health-care curricula and a crucial exercise to help evolve clinician's research adroitness.

Aims:
The survey was planned to gauge and assess the postgraduates (PGs) dental students knowledge, attitude, and interest toward scientific research and to determine the factors and their perception for the dearth of research interest.

Settings and Design:
A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based research was done after the approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee and obtaining written informed consent from participants.

Subjects and Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 224 (1st year, 2nd year, and 3rd year PGs) dental students of a private dental college in Kanpur city with a prevalidated structured questionnaire on the research principles was developed, and the students were asked to fill the questionnaire.

Results:
In the present study, 73% of the PGs did not know the definition of the research hypothesis. Ninety-two percent of PGs do not know the significance of scale 0–5 in researches, and 75% of PGs were unaware of the value of taking approval for conducting a research study. These results were statistically significant (P < 0.05). PGs have not participated in any research projects during their under-graduation or internship (93%) nor have written any scientific publication (94%), and the results obtained were statistically significant. The lack of time due to the vast curriculum of PG students (55%) and lack of interest (52%) were the personal reasons, whereas inadequate financial support (47%) and lack of time (49%) were among the institutional reasons for not conducting the research.

Conclusions:
A positive attitude but with a deficient level of knowledge and interest in context to research was found among PG dental students. Various factors such as vast PG syllabus, lack of time, deficient financial support, and lack of proper seemed to be the barriers in pursuing research.
Photostress Recovery Time Among Welders in Owerri Municipal Council, Southeast, Nigeria
Authors: Akujobi Augustine U. , Uzomah Gift O. , Ike Oforbuike O. , Ekenze John C. , Obioma-Elemba Jacqueline E. , Akogu Okechukwu A. 
Published: June 2021

Purpose: The photostress recovery time (PSRT) scores of welders were measured based on age, workexperience and welding-method.Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted among 50 purposively sampled welders, who had clear ocular media, healthy fundi and visual acuities of 6/6 or better in the tested eyes. The pre-bleach distant visual acuity of the right eye was determined with the Snellen’s visual acuity chart, while direct ophthalmoscopy was done to rule out media opacities, retinopathies and maculopathies. The right eye was dazzled for 10 seconds with the light of a direct ophthalmoscope held at 2cm from the eye. The time required in seconds to read at least, three optotypes on the line directly above the baseline acuity was recorded as the PSRT.Results: The 22-31 years age group recorded the least mean PSRT (16±8.8seconds), followed by the 32-41 age group (19.9±6.8 seconds), while the 42-51 years category had the highest mean PSRT (31.4±10.5seconds). Age associated significantly (p˂0.05) with mean PSRT. Welders within the 1-12 years’ work experience had the least mean PSRT (15.9±8.1seconds) while those within the 25-36 years recorded the highest mean PSRT (33.4±9.3seconds). The observed difference in mean PSRT with years of work experience was statistically significant (p˂0.05). Gas welders had significantly (p˂0.05) higher mean PSRT (26.6±9.9secs) than electric arc welders (16.6±9.2secs).Conclusion: Gas welding, increasing age and work-experience were found to be predictive markers of elevated photostress recovery time (PSRT) among welders. This underscores the need for eye-care practitioners to routinize PSRT tests in the ocular assessment of welders.
Keywords: Photostress recovery time (PSRT); electric-arc; gas welding; welders; age.
Evaluating the Effect of Retinal Defocus (Blur) on Lateral Heterophoria
Authors: Atuanya George Nnamdi , Ero Osayimwen Osas , Akpalaba Raphael Uchenna Enyinnaya 
Published: June 2021

Purpose: This study was conducted to ascertain the effect of retinal defocusing or retinal blur on lateral heterophoria at far and near.Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study involving 57 participants aged 5 to 35 years, who were selected based on the inclusion criteria of being myopes and emmetropes who had a normal general and ocular health. The Von Graefe technique was used for measuring phoria under standard testing conditions.Results: The mean baseline lateral phoria for emmetropes were 0.53 ± 1.14∆ exophoria and 2.47 ± 2.08∆ exophoria at far and near respectively, while after defocusing, it was 2.80 ± 0.88∆ exophoria and 4.34 ± 1.70∆ exophoria at far and near respectively. For myopes, the baseline lateral phoria was 1.52 ± 1.09∆ exophoria and 4.76 ± 1.13∆ exophoria at far and near respectively while after defocussing, it was 3.39 ± 0.92∆ exophoria at far and 7.60 ± 1.00∆ exophoria at near. The mean difference in lateral phoria was found to be significant at the 95% confidence level (P = 0.000). There was no statistically significant difference in lateral phoria change at far (P = 0.072), while the near phoria difference was significant (P = 0.002).Conclusion: Gas Retinal defocusing with +2.50D resulted in a shift towards exophoria at both far and near, with myopes experiencing more exophoric shift. This is because they are less sensitive to the presence of blur. This will enable practitioners to be cautious of the inhibition of accommodation due to higher exophoria at near when prescribing lenses.
Keywords: Retinal Defocus, Myopia, Emmetropia, Near lateral phoria, Distance lateral phoria.
ANALISIS KERUNTUHAN BENDUNGAN (DAM BREAK ANALYSIS) DALAM UPAYA MITIGASI BENCANA (STUDI KASUS DI WADUK/ BENDUNGAN TEMPURAN)
Authors: Arifin Muhamad , Budiyanto Muchamad Arif 
Published: June 2021

Bendungan Tempuran disamping bermanfaat untuk memenuhi berbagai kebutuhan bagi manusia, juga menyimpan potensi bahaya yang sangat besar bila tidak dikelola dengan baik, yaitu apabila bendungan tersebut runtuh dapat menyebabkan kerugian jiwa dan materi yang sangat besar, serta hancurnya infrastruktur yang ada di daerah hilirnya. Salah satu potensi bahaya yang dapat ditimbulkan adalah keruntuhan Bendungan. Keruntuhan dapat diakibatkan oleh bocoran yang membawa material bendungan secara berangsur-angsur yang disebut erosi buluh atau piping. Akibat keruntuhan tersebut, air yang tertampung di bendungan akan mengalir ke lembah sungai di hilir bendungan dengan debit yang sangat besar serta kecepatan aliran air banjir yang sangat tinggi. Untuk meminimalkan kerugian yang dapat ditimbulkan akibat keruntuhan bendungan, maka perlu dilakukan mitigasi bencana dalam rangka melakukan upaya tindakan preventif dengan cara melakukan simulasi pemodelan keruntuhan Bendungan.
Analisis keruntuhan Bendungan Tempuran (dam break analysis) dilakukan dengan pemodelan menggunakan bantuan software Zhong Xing HY21 dengan skenario kondisi muka air waduk setinggi banjir desain, dimana inflow hidrograf sama dengan banjir rencana. Kondisi dalam analisis keruntuhan bendungan tersebut ditinjau dalam alternatif kondisi akibat piping atas pada elevasi ±123 m dengan inflow PMF (probably maximum flood). Kondisi ini diasumsikan merupakan kondisi yang paling optimal sebagai acuan untuk melakukan Tindakan rencana mitigasi bencana dalam upaya meminimalkan kerugian baik kerugian materiil maupun kerugian imateriil
Dari hasil analisis pemodelan tersebut dengan scenario piping atas dan dari hasil analisis hidrologi dengan debit inflow PMF (Snyder) sebesar 137,257 m3/det diperoleh hasil dampak banjir yang ditimbulkan sepanjang 9,911 km kearah hilir melalui aliran Sungai Ngampel yang bermuara di Sungai Lusi. Area terdampak meliputi 15 Desa di dua Kecamatan sepanjang sungai tersebut yang berada di hilir dari Bendungan Tempuran. Waktu tiba banjir ke desa terdekat (Desa Tempuran) adalah 15 menit sedangkan waktu banjir sampai ke desa terjauh (Desa kamolan) adalah 6 jam.
FIBER GELAS EX LIMBAH PORSELEN SEBAGAI BAHAN TAMBAH PADA BETON NORMAL
Authors: Nurokhman Nurokhman 
Published: June 2021

Pemanfaat limbah untuk bahan susun beton telah banyak dilakukan sebagai upaya pengembangan teknologi beton. Serat gelas (fiber gelas) asal limbah porselen sebagai agregat halus dalam beton diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kekuatan beton sekaligus turut berpartisipasi penanganan limbah. Tujuan dari penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan fiber gelas ex porselen terhadap mutu beton. Pasir dari Kali Gendol dan kerikil dari Clereng dengan ukuran maksimal 40 mm, faktor air semen 0,48 dan fiber gelas ex dengan proporsi 0%, 2,5%, 5%, dan 10% terhadap berat semen. Pengujian yang dilakukan adalah kuat tekan dengan menggunakan cetakan silinder dengan ukuran diameter 15 cm dan tinggi 30 cm, dan kuat lentur dengan cetakan balok dengan ukuran 15 x 15 x 60 cm, dan untuk serapan air menggunakan pecahan benda uji hasil pengujian kuat lentur. Pengujian dilakukan pada beton umur 14 dan 28 hari. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh, bahwa dengan adanya penambahan fiber gelas ex porselen pada persentasi 2,5% terdapat kenaikan kuat tekan beton sebesar maksimal 15,25% terhadap beton normal. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa beton dengan bahan tambah fiber gelas ex porselen meningkatkan kuat lentur. Kadar 2,5% fiber gelas meningkat kuat lenturnya sebesar 121% terhadap beton pasir normal, sedangkan penambahan beikutnya ada kecenderungan mengalami penurunan. Hal ini disebabkan penambahan fibreglass 2,5% memberikan pengikatan tarik pada pasta semen sehingga menambah ikatan tarik yang berpengaruh pada kuat lentur dan daktilitas. Untuk hasil pengujian kuat lentur beton
Penambahan fibre glaa ex porselen terjadi penurunan nilai serapan air dari 13,4% menjadi 11,4%. Trendline penurunan daya serap air ini berbanding terbalik dengan kekuatan tekan maupun lentur. Adanya pengaruh yang cukup signifikan antara kuat tekan, kuat lentur dan daya serap air beton dengan penambahan fiber gelas ex porselen. Penambahan pada kadar fiber glass sebesar 2,5% meningkatkan kekuatan beton.
PENGGUNAAN PROGRAM KOMPUTER PADA GEDUNG BERTINGKAT MENGGUNAKAN PAKET PROGRAM SANSPRO V 4,7
Authors: Subagyo Singgih 
Published: June 2021

Berada di daerah gempa yang aktif, semua bangunan di Indonesia harus direncanakan mengikuti persyaratan yang ketat dari peraturan bangunan sehingga mampu menahan beban gempa yang direncanakan, khususnya dengan menggunakan peraturan bangunan dan peraturan gempa yang baru. SANSPRO, suatu program terpadu untuk Pemodelan, Analisis, Desain, Penggambaran, dan Perhitungan Biaya Struktur, dapat menjadi suatu alat bantu yang sangat berguna untuk meningkatkan mutu desain di Indonesia. Program ini dapat digunakan sebagai alat bantu belajar, dan juga sebagai alat desain sehari-hari.
Perencanaan struktur dengan konsep kapasitas menuntut proses yang cukup rumit dibandingkan dengan perencanaan tanpa konsep kapasitas. Penelitian ini ingin memeriksa perilaku struktur rangka beton bertulang yang direncanakan tanpa konsep kapasitas (cara biasa) serta membandingkan kemampuan struktur tersebut dengan struktur yang direncanakan dengan konsep kapasitas. Model bangunan yang dipakai adalah struktur rangka beton bertulang bertingkat 6 yang terletak di wilyah gempa 2 Indonesia, memiliki bentuk dan ukuran denah yang sama.
Struktur tersebut dibebani dengan gempa El Centro 1940 M-Sedang. Akibat gempa El Centro 1940N-S, hampir semua model struktur masih bersifat elastis. Hal ini terjadi karena gempaEl Centro 1940N-S termasuk gempa kecil sampai sedang di wilayah gempa 2 Indonesia. Dari pembebanan gempa 200 tahun tertihat bahwa model struktur yang direncanakan dengan Cara Kapasitas memberikan hasil yang memuaskan. Mekanisme terjadinya sendi plastis sesuai dengan yang diinginkan. Daktilitas balok maupun kolom yang tersedia cukup untuk memencarkan energi gempa.