bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability of glutathione added as a supplement to parenteral nutrition
Authors: Raichani Nadine El , Guiraut Clémence , Morin Guillaume , Mohamed Ibrahim , Lavoie Jean‐Claude 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundMost very premature newborns (<32 weeks of gestation) receive parenteral nutrition (PN) that is inherently contaminated with peroxides. Oxidative stress induced by PN is associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, a main pathological complication in these infants who have weak antioxidant capacity to detoxify peroxides because of their glutathione deficiency. In animals, glutathione supplementation of PN prevented oxidative stress and alveolar loss (the main characteristic of bronchopulmonary dysplasia). Of its two forms—oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and reduced glutathione (GSH)—GSSG was used because of its better stability. However, a 30% loss of GSSG in PN is observed. The potentially high therapeutic benefits of GSSG supplementation on the health of very premature infants make the study of its stability highly important.MethodsGSSG was incubated in combination with the following components of PN: dextrose, multivitamins, Primene, and Travasol, and with cysteine, cystine, and peroxides, for 24 h. Total glutathione in these solutions was measured 0–24 h after the addition of GSSG.ResultsThe combination of cysteine and multivitamins caused the maximum loss of glutathione. The stability of GSSG was not affected by multivitamins. The cysteine was responsible for ∼20% of the loss of GSSG; in the presence of multivitamins, the loss reached >70%. Removing the cysteine prevented the degradation of glutathione.ConclusionGSSG reacts with cysteine to form cysteine‐glutathione mixed disulfide, another suitable glutathione substrate for preterm neonates. The study confirms that GSSG added to PN can potentially provide a precursor to de novo synthesis of glutathione in vivo.
Evaluation of energy intake compared with indirect calorimetry requirements in critically ill patients with acute brain injury
Authors: May Casey C. , Harris Emily A. , Hannawi Yousef , Smetana Keaton S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundNutrition support in critically ill patients with acute brain injury is vitally important because of known hypermetabolism. We aimed to describe energy and protein intake within the first 72 h in a broad neurocritical care population and compare energy intake with the indirect calorimetry (IC) resting energy expenditure (REE) target.MethodsIC data, daily energy, and protein intake were collected through chart review over the first 7 days of hospital admission. We evaluated the type and amount of tube‐feed product received, volume of propofol (1.1 kcal/ml) and clevidipine (2 kcal/ml), and amount of supplemental protein received.ResultsNinety‐one patients were included, with the majority presenting with either intracerebral hemorrhage (35.2%) or acute ischemic stroke (26.4%). The median day of admission on which IC was completed and enteral nutrition was initiated was day 3 (2–5) and day 1 (1–2), respectively. The difference in kilocalories received compared with IC REE target within the first 72 h was significantly different (2831 kcal [1663–4072] vs 4275 kcal [3450–5811]; Z = −6.469; P < .001). The median kilocalories received as tube feeds during the first 72 h was 88% (55%–99%), and the mean protein received in the first 72 h was 0.7 ± 0.5 g/kg/day.ConclusionIn this population, patients had lower energy intake compared with their energy needs determined by IC during the first 72 h of admission but attained 7‐day goals. Future studies should investigate barriers to improve energy delivery in this patient population.
Preparation and properties of GC capillary column with hypercrosslinked stationary phase
Authors: Kanateva Anastasia Y. , Korolev Alexander A. , Kurganov Alexander A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFor the first time, highly porous hypercrosslinked polystyrene layer was synthesized within a gas chromatography capillary column and successfully deposited onto the capillary walls generating porous layer open‐tubular capillary column. Elaborated three steps synthetic procedure provides tightly bonded porous polymeric layer and ensues complete elimination of particle shedding and the needs for particle traps. Due to highly developed surface area, porous layer open‐tubular column provides strong solute retention that is useful for the separation of various volatile solvents and light gas compounds including ethane, ethylene, ethyne. Aqueous injections will not harm the column.
Increased Expressions of Programmed Death Ligand 1 and Galectin 9 in Transplant Recipients Who Achieved Tolerance After Immunosuppression Withdrawal
Authors: Hai Nam Nguyen , Taura Kojiro , Koyama Yukinori , Nishio Takahiro , Yamamoto Gen , Uemoto Yusuke , Kimura Yusuke , Xuefeng Li , Nakamura Daichi , Yoshino Kenji , Ogawa Eri , Okamoto Tatsuya , Yoshizawa Atsushi , Seo Satoru , Iwaisako Keiko , Yoh Tomoaki , Hata Koichiro , Masui Toshihiko , Okajima Hideaki , Haga Hironori , Uemoto Shinji , Hatano Etsuro 
Published: October 2021

Programmed death 1 (PD1)/its ligand PD‐L1 concomitant with T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain‐containing protein 3 (TIM‐3)/its ligand galectin 9 (Gal‐9) and the forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) might be involved in tolerance after liver transplantation (LT). Liver biopsies from 38 tolerant, 19 nontolerant (including 16 samples that triggered reintroduction of immunosuppression [IS] and 19 samples after IS reintroduction), and 38 control LT patients were studied. The expressions of PD1, PD‐L1, Gal‐9, and FOXP3 were determined by immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence (IF) staining. The success period of IS withdrawal was calculated using Kaplan‐Meier curve analysis. Tolerant and control patients exhibited higher PD‐L1, Gal‐9, and FOXP3 levels than nontolerant patients at the moment of triggering IS reintroduction. High expressions of PD‐L1 and Gal‐9 were associated with prolonged success of tolerance (83.3% versus 36.7% [P < 0.01] and 73.1% versus 42.9% [P = 0.03]). A strong correlation between PD‐L1 and Gal‐9 expression levels was detected (Spearman r = 0.73; P ≤ 0.001), and IF demonstrated colocalization of PD‐L1 and Gal‐9 in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that increased expressions of PD‐L1 and Gal‐9 were associated with sustained tolerance after IS withdrawal in pediatric liver transplantation.
Distribution of sulfate‐reducing bacteria in the crevice and its effect on the initial corrosion behavior of 2205 stainless steel in artificial seawater
Authors: Zhang Zhan , Fang Tao , Xia Jiuyang , Zhang Bowei , Wu Junsheng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn the present study, the distribution and vitality of the sulfate‐reducing bacteria (SRB) inside the crevice were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Potentiodynamic polarization curve tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to evaluate the corrosion resistance. Furthermore, a starvation experiment was conducted by controlling nutrients to investigate the effects of the crevices on the transportation of nutrients and the vitality of the SRB. The results demonstrate that it was more difficult for the SRB to enter the crevice, resulting in an incomplete biofilm formed on the surface. In addition, the insufficient supply of nutrients was also the reason for the low vitality of the SRB inside the crevice. Based on these results, it was inferred that the incomplete biofilm inside the crevice acted as a micro‐galvanic, thus making the corrosion rate of 2205 stainless steel in the initial crevice corrosion much more serious than that in the open system.
RAFT‐Polymerized N‐Cyanomethylacrylamide‐Based (Co)polymers Exhibiting Tunable UCST Behavior in Water
Authors: Audureau Nicolas , Veith Clémence , Coumes Fanny , Nguyen Thi Phuong Thu , Rieger Jutta , Stoffelbach François 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this present work, the synthesis of a new family of upper critical solution temperature (UCST)‐thermoresponsive polymers based on N‐cyanomethylacrylamide (CMAm) is reported. It is demonstrated that the thermally initiated reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of CMAm conducted in N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) is well controlled. The homopolymer presents a sharp and reversible UCST‐type phase transition in pure water with a very small hysteresis between cooling and heating cycles. It is demonstrated that the cloud point (TCP) of poly(N‐cyanomethylacrylamide) (PCMAm) is strongly molar mass dependent and shifts toward lower temperatures in saline water. Moreover, the transition temperature can be tuned over a large temperature range by copolymerization of CMAm with acrylamide or acrylic acid. The latter copolymers are both thermoresponsive and pH responsive. Interestingly, by this strategy sharp and reversible UCST‐type transitions close to physiological temperature can be reached, which makes the copolymers extremely interesting candidates for biomedical applications.
Strong Interface via Weak Interactions: Ultratough and Malleable Polylactic acid/Polyhydroxybutyrate Biocomposites
Authors: Hou Xunan , Lu Xuehong , He Chaobin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBio‐based and biodegradable polymer composites, most notably poly(l‐lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), represent a promising solution to replace conventional petroleum‐based plastics. However, the brittleness and low miscibility of PLLA and PHB remain two major obstacles to practical applications. In this work, first PLLA/PHB blends are reported by melt mixing with a rigid component, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Driven by favorable entropy, PMMA forms an interfacial nanolayer, which transforms the morphology of resultant blends. The ternary blends show 55‐fold increase in elongation, 50‐fold in toughness, and metal‐like malleability (≈180° bending and twisting), while retaining its high stiffness (3.4 GPa) and strength (≈50 MPa). The mechanical improvement arises from numerous craze fibrils and shear deformation of the matrix, induced by the incorporated PMMA. Furthermore, this generic strategy can be applied to design other mechanically robust biocomposites for advanced green devices.
Dietary Linalool is Transferred into the Milk of Nursing Mothers
Authors: Debong Marcel W. , N'Diaye Katharina , Owsienko Diana , Schöberl Daniela , Ammar Tayyaba , Lang Roman , Buettner Andrea , Hofmann Thomas , Loos Helene M. 
Published: October 2021

ScopeBreast milk is repeatedly postulated to shape the first aroma and taste impressions of infants and thus impact their flavor learning. The objective of this study is to assess the transition of aroma compounds from a customary curry dish into milk.Methods and ResultsThe article prepares a standardized curry dish and administers the dish to nursing mothers (n = 18) in an intervention study. The participants donate one milk sample before and three samples after the intervention. Due to their olfactory or quantitative relevance in the curry dish, 1,8‐cineole, linalool, cuminaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, 4‐hydroxy‐2,5‐dimethyl‐3(2H)‐furanone, sotolone, eugenol, vanillin, and γ‐nonalactone are defined as target compounds, and their transition into milk is quantified by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. A significant transition into the milk is observed for linalool, and its olfactory relevance in this respect is supported by calculated odor activity values. In contrast, no relevant levels are detected for the other eight target compounds.ConclusionIngestion of a customary curry dish can lead to an alteration of the milk aroma, which might be perceived by the infant during breastfeeding. The current study also demonstrates that the extent of aroma transfer differs between both substances and individuals.
Food and Microbiota Metabolites Associate with Cognitive Decline in Older Subjects: A 12‐Year Prospective Study
Authors: González‐Domínguez Raúl , Castellano‐Escuder Pol , Carmona Francisco , Lefèvre‐Arbogast Sophie , Low Dorrain Y. , Du Preez Andrea , Ruigrok Silvie R. , Manach Claudine , Urpi‐Sarda Mireia , Korosi Aniko , Lucassen Paul J. , Aigner Ludwig , Pallàs Mercè , Thuret Sandrine , Samieri Cécilia , Sánchez‐Pla Alex , Andres‐Lacueva Cristina 
Published: October 2021

ScopeDiet is considered an important modulator of cognitive decline and dementia, but the available evidence is, however, still fragmented and often inconsistent.Methods and ResultsThe article studies the long‐term prospective Three‐City Cohort, which consists of two separate nested case‐control sample sets from different geographic regions (Bordeaux, n = 418; Dijon, n = 424). Cognitive decline is evaluated through five neuropsychological tests (Mini‐Mental State Examination, Benton Visual Retention Test, Isaac's Set Test, Trail‐Making Test part A, and Trail‐Making Test part B). The food‐related and microbiota‐derived circulating metabolome is studied in participants free of dementia at baseline, by subjecting serum samples to large‐scale quantitative metabolomics analysis. A protective association is found between metabolites derived from cocoa, coffee, mushrooms, red wine, the microbial metabolism of polyphenol‐rich foods, and cognitive decline, as well as a negative association with metabolites related to unhealthy dietary components, such as artificial sweeteners and alcohol.ConclusionThese results provide insight into the early metabolic events that are associated with the later risk to develop cognitive decline within the crosstalk between diet, gut microbiota and the endogenous metabolism, which can help identify potential targets for preventive and therapeutic strategies to preserve cognitive health.
Three‐line microstrip directional coupler with high directivity
Authors: Kim Seong‐Jin , Lee Moon‐Que 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article proposes a novel microstrip directional coupler with high directivity. The proposed coupler was configured using three coupled transmission lines and two reflectors to cancel the leakage components in the isolation ports. To demonstrate the validity of the proposed coupler, we designed and fabricated the microstrip directional coupler with 15 dB coupling at 5.8 GHz. The measurement showed the directivity of 50.0 dB at 5.83 GHz, which was improved by 35.9 dB compared with that of conventional one.
A novel miniaturized gain‐enhanced antipodal Vivaldi antenna with back radiation reduction
Authors: Fu Yufan , Zhou Dongfang , Zhang Yi , Lv Dalong , Zhang Dewei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a novel miniaturized planar antipodal Vivaldi antenna (AVA) with high gain and back radiation reduction for 5G millimeter‐wave (mm‐Wave) communication is presented. First, due to the use of the gradual corrugated edges (GCE), the operating band of the antenna is extended in the direction of lower frequencies and the overall gain is also improved as well. Second, its gain of the antenna is better enhanced at the high frequency band through I‐Shape Metal Director (IMD). Lastly, to further reduce the back radiation, the split ring resonance branches (SRB) are added to the ground. The antenna front‐back ratio has improved considerably to over 20 dB. Meanwhile the antenna gain is improved further. Furthermore, a prototype antenna array was fabricated and the measurement results clearly show that the antenna array gain varies in the range of 15.86–16.43 dB when operating in the 5G millimeter wave band (24.75–28.35 GHz).
Technical note: Surface imaging for real‐time patient positioning in external radiation therapy
Authors: Nazir Souha , Bert Julien , Fayad Hadi , Visvikis Dimitris 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeIn the last few years, there has been a growing interest in surface imaging for patient positioning in external radiation therapy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of daily patient positioning using the Azure Kinect surface imaging.MethodsA total of 50 fractions in 10 patients including lung, pelvic, and head and neck tumors were analyzed in real time. A rigid registration algorithm, based on the iterative closest point (ICP) approach, is employed to estimate the patient position in 6 degrees of freedom (DOF). This position is compared to the reference values obtained by the radiograph imaging. The mean setup error and its standard deviation were calculated for all measured fractions.ResultsThe positioning error showed 1.1 ± 1.1 mm in lateral, 1.8 ± 2.1 mm in longitudinal, and 0.8 ± 1.1 mm in vertical, and 0.3°± 0.4° in yaw, 0.2°± 0.2° in pitch, and 0.2°± 0.2° in roll directions. The larger setup error occurred in pelvic regions.ConclusionWe have evaluated in a radiotherapy set‐up considering different patient anatomical locations, a depth measurement based surface imaging solution for patient positioning considering the 6 DOF couch motion. We showed that the proposed solution allows an accurate patient positioning without the need for patient markings or the use of additional radiation dose.
A deep learning‐ and CT image‐based prognostic model for the prediction of survival in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Chen Wen , Hou Xuewen , Hu Ying , Huang Gang , Ye Xiaodan , Nie Shengdong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assist clinicians in arranging personalized treatment, planning follow‐up programs and extending survival times for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, a method of deep learning combined with computed tomography (CT) imaging for survival prediction was designed.MethodsData were collected from 484 patients from four research centers. The data from 344 patients were utilized to build the A_CNN survival prognosis model to classify 2‐year overall survival time ranges (730 days cut‐off). Data from 140 patients, including independent internal and external test sets, were utilized for model testing. First, a series of preprocessing techniques were used to process the original CT images and generate training and test data sets from the axial, coronal, and sagittal planes. Second, the structure of the A_CNN model was designed based on asymmetric convolution, bottleneck blocks, the uniform cross‐entropy (UC) loss function, and other advanced techniques. After that, the A_CNN model was trained, and numerous comparative experiments were designed to obtain the best prognostic survival model. Last, the model performance was evaluated, and the predicted survival curves were analyzed.ResultsThe A_CNN survival prognosis model yielded a high patient‐level accuracy of 88.8%, a patch‐level accuracy of 82.9%, and an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.932. When tested on an external data set, the maximum patient‐level accuracy was 80.0%.ConclusionsThe results suggest that using a deep learning method can improve prognosis in patients with NSCLC and has important application value in establishing individualized prognostic models.
Off‐resonance saturation as an MRI method to quantify mineral‐ iron in the post‐mortem brain
Authors: Bossoni Lucia , Hegeman‐Kleinn Ingrid , van Duinen Sjoerd G. , Bulk Marjolein , Vroegindeweij Lena H. P. , Langendonk Janneke G. , Hirschler Lydiane , Webb Andrew , van der Weerd Louise 
Published: October 2021

PurposeTo employ an off‐resonance saturation method to measure the mineral‐iron pool in the postmortem brain, which is an endogenous contrast agent that can give information on cellular iron status.MethodsAn off‐resonance saturation acquisition protocol was implemented on a 7 Tesla preclinical scanner, and the contrast maps were fitted to an established analytical model. The method was validated by correlation and Bland‐Altman analysis on a ferritin‐containing phantom. Mineral‐iron maps were obtained from postmortem tissue of patients with neurological diseases characterized by brain iron accumulation, that is, Alzheimer disease, Huntington disease, and aceruloplasminemia, and validated with histology. Transverse relaxation rate and magnetic susceptibility values were used for comparison.ResultsIn postmortem tissue, the mineral‐iron contrast colocalizes with histological iron staining in all the cases. Iron concentrations obtained via the off‐resonance saturation method are in agreement with literature.ConclusionsOff‐resonance saturation is an effective way to detect iron in gray matter structures and partially mitigate for the presence of myelin. If a reference region with little iron is available in the tissue, the method can produce quantitative iron maps. This method is applicable in the study of diseases characterized by brain iron accumulation and can complement existing iron‐sensitive parametric methods.
Comparison of risk‐scoring systems for heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia in cardiac surgery patients
Authors: Stewart Jackson J. , Turgeon Ricky , Parker Arabesque , Koshman Sheri , Omar Mohamed A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesSeveral risk‐scoring tools have been developed to exclude heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) in patients with thrombocytopenia, but these scores have not been reproduced or compared in the cardiac surgery population. The objective of this study was to validate and compare the modified 4T's (m4T) and Lillo‐Le Louet (LLL) scores for HIT screening in the cardiac surgery population.MethodsIn this nested case–control study, we retrospectively calculated the m4T and the cardiac surgery‐specific score by LLL for 18 cases (HIT‐positive) and 54 matched controls (HIT‐negative) using characteristics known at the time the HIT assay was ordered post‐cardiac surgery and compared their performances by their c‐statistic (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve), sensitivity and specificity.ResultsThe median time from surgery to HIT assay order was 9.5 days (IQR 3.75–11.0) in the HIT‐positive group and 2 days (IQR 2.0–3.0) in the HIT‐negative group (p < 0.0001). The c‐statistics for the m4T and the LLL scores were 0.76 (95% CI 0.64–0.85) and 0.63 (95% CI 0.51–0.74), respectively (p = 0.051). Sensitivity and specificity were 61% and 91% for the m4T, and 94% and 32% for the LLL score.ConclusionPerformance of the m4T and LLL scores in discriminating HIT‐positive from HIT‐negative patients was modest among patients post‐cardiac surgery. However, differences between the sensitivities of these scores suggest that the LLL score may be a safer tool for ruling out HIT in this population.
Passages in culture and stimulation conditions influence protein expression of primary fibroblasts
Authors: Vivier Solange , Chepy Aurélien , Bray Fabrice , Guerrier Thomas , Speca Silvia , Flament Stéphanie , Jendoubi Manel , Balden Maïté , Rolando Christian , Hachulla Eric , Launay David , Dubucquoi Sylvain , Sobanski Vincent 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFibroblasts (Fb) are key effector cells in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Fb stimulation with transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF‐β1) is considered as a positive control in studies assessing fibrogenesis. The lack of standardization of TGF‐β1 stimulation might be responsible for discrepancies in experiments performed in different conditions. Using quantitative proteomics analysis, we evaluated the impact of changes in experimental conditions on proteomic profiles of primary Fb. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified several groups of differentially expressed proteins influenced by cell passage, culture medium, and both concentration and duration of exposure to TGF‐β1 stimulation. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that late passages expressed proteins involved in senescence. TGF‐β1 concentration and time of stimulation were correlated with the expression of proteins involved in the fibrogenesis and inflammatory processes. These data underline the need for standardization of culture conditions to allow inter‐data comparisons in future in vitro studies, especially when using “omics” approaches.