Catestatin in patients with essential hypertension of different cardiovascular risk
Authors: Gubareva E , Gubareva I 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Maximum association of arterial hypertension is found with sympathetic overactivity which is involved in different mechanisms including RAAS, OSA, obesity, etc. It is not overt sympathetic activity but disturbed basal sympathetic tone. However, the factors that indicate the beginning of the regulation system impairment in hypertensive patients haven't been studied enough. Catestatin is considered by some studies as a part of the “catecholamines-catestatin buffer system” because of its inhibitory effect on excess catecholamine release.
The purpose of the study was to assess the concentrations of catestatin and to analyze its relationships with cardiovascular continuum in patients with essential hypertension (EH) of different cardiovascular risk (CVR).
The methods of the research. The study included 180 men in age from 30 to 50 years old, the patients were divided into groups: group 1 (n=28) – EH of moderate CVR, group 2 (n=76) – EH of high CVR, group 3 (n=31) – EH of very high CVR. The control group (n=45) included almost healthy men with optimal and normal blood pressure (BP). All included in the study were examined, anamnesis and complaints were collected, daily monitoring of BP and ECG, TTE were performed, carotid intima–media thickness (IMT) was measured. Catestatin (ng/ml) was determined by the ELISA method using RayBiotech kits.

Results
Patients with moderate and very high CVR and a history of inherited EH had statistically significantly higher (p&lt;0,05) catestatin concentrations compared to those in the control group who has a family history of EH. Catestatin correlations with a history of inherited EH were revealed in groups of patients with EH of moderate (r=0,555; p=0,049) and high (r=−0,285; p=0,027) CVR. The participation of catestatin in cardiovascular remodeling mediated by hypertension was proved: in a group of patients with EH of high CVR catestatin correlations with carotid IMT were received (r=−0,246; p=0,040). The relationships between catestatin concentrations and left ventricular posterior wall thickness (r=−0,523; p=0,045) and the interventricular septum (r=−0,523, p=0,045) in group 2 in diastole were discovered. Catestatin concentrations in patients with normal heart geometry were higher (p=0,04) comparing to the patients with cardiac remodeling (9,05±5,12 vs 7,49±3,62 ng/ml respectively). Catestatin concentrations correlated with indicators characterizing the CVR: diastolic BP variability in all included in the study patients with EH (r=0,218; p=0,022), group 2 (r=0,326; p=0,006), and the value of the morning surge (r=−0,745; p=0,002).

Conclusion
Catestatin concentrations change at all stages of the cardiovascular continuum of arterial hypertension, which is proved by the obtained correlations, so all of the above allows us to consider catestatin as a new factor in the regulation of blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension of different cardiovascular risk.

Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Samara Region Provincial Grant