bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adolescents' perceptions of barriers and facilitators to engaging in mental health treatment: A qualitative meta‐synthesis
Authors: Roberts Mia , Jones Jacqueline , Garcia Lorraine , Techau Aimee 
Published: October 2021

AbstractProblemOne in seven children, aged 3–17, have a mental health diagnosis with suicide being the second leading cause of death in the United States in persons aged 10–24. Adolescents are at high risk for mental health disorders, substance use, and risky behaviors, yet most adolescents never receive treatment. Research is needed to answer the question, “What are adolescents' perceived barriers and facilitators to engaging in mental health treatment?”MethodsA four‐step qualitative meta‐synthesis design included: A structured research question and search strategy, data immersion through quality appraisal, thematic synthesis of primary research studies, and reciprocal translation of derived themes.FindingsEight studies met inclusion criteria. Autonomy was the primary theme that emerged. Meta‐synthesis produced five subthemes: (a) choice as integral to engagement, (b) stigma as barrier to engagement, (c) quality of the therapeutic relationship as integral to engagement, (d) systemic influences as both barrier and facilitator to engagement, and (e) mental health literacy as crucial factor in decision to engage.ConclusionAdolescents require autonomy to engage in mental health treatment. Improving treatment engagement in adolescents requires interventions that address their ability to be autonomous.
Influence of adjacent teeth on the accuracy of intraoral scanning systems for class II inlay preparation
Authors: Kim Jae‐Hoon , Son Sung‐Ae , Lee Hyeonjong , Yoo Yeon‐Jee , Hong Seoung‐Jin , Park Jeong‐Kil 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the influence of the presence of adjacent teeth on the accuracy of intraoral scanning (IOS) systems for class II inlay preparation.Materials and MethodsThe mesio‐occlusal inlay preparation was prepared in an anatomical model of the maxillary molar. The prepared tooth was secured to a typodont with the mesial adjacent tooth removed or in situ. Ten digital impressions of the inlay preparation were acquired using three IOS systems (CEREC Primescan, 3Shape TRIOS 3, and Medit i500). A laboratory scanner (3Shape E3) was used to obtain the reference scan data. The mean absolute deviation values were calculated to evaluate the accuracy of the digital models.ResultsThe group with the adjacent teeth present showed lower trueness and precision compared to that without the adjacent tooth (p < .05). Significant differences were observed among the IOS systems (p < .05). Primescan showed the highest accuracy, irrespective of the presence of adjacent teeth.ConclusionsThe presence of the adjacent tooth negatively affected the accuracy of all the IOSs tested. Although the performance of Primescan was superior to that of TRIOS 3 and i500, each IOS system showed clinically acceptable levels of accuracy for class II inlay preparation.Clinical SignificanceThe adjacent tooth can be a confounding factor for accurate digital impressions of class II inlay preparation.
Development and process parameter optimization with an integrated test bench for rolling and forming strips of oolong tea
Authors: Jia Jiangming , Zhang Chenan , Yuan Bin , Chen Zhiwei , Chen Jianneng 
Published: October 2021

To solve the problems associated with the low rate of single‐use tea formation in oolong tea rolling equipment and the need for multiple rolling and formation processes, a new rolling and formation process is proposed. Based on the traditional rolling process, a heavy pressure holding process is added to keep the tea in a tight and curved state after the rolling is completed. Based on the traditional 25‐type rolling machine, the overall structure design of a test bench with integrated rolling and formation is described, and the control system of the test bench is established. In this article, a new orthogonal experiment using 12 factors and 3 levels for the rolling and formation of oolong tea strips is conducted, and the optimal process parameters are obtained. The experiment is carried out under the optimum process parameters, and the experimental results show that the strip formation rate of oolong tea is 77.37%, the tea breakage rate is 3.73%, and the time efficiency is 1.062 g s−1. Compared with the traditional rolling process, the formation rate and time efficiency of this process are significantly improved, and the comprehensive score is 1.613 times higher than that of the traditional rolling process. This shows that the new rolling and formation process improves the strip formation rate and efficiency of oolong tea production to ensure tea quality.Practical ApplicationsOolong tea is popular because of its high medicinal value and lasting fragrance. Efficient rolling and forming equipment can improve the efficiency of oolong tea production. The optimal parameters also provide a reference for rolling and forming equipment.
Measurement error in research on financial literacy: How much error is there and how does it influence effect size estimates?
Authors: Gignac Gilles E. , Ooi Elizabeth 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFinancial literacy is often measured with only three to five questions, suggesting challenges with achieving respectable levels of internal consistency reliability. Based on our review, we found financial literacy tests composed of three and five test questions yielded mean reliability estimates of 0.40 (k = 7; N = 167,075) and 0.54 (k = 8; N = 57,937), respectively: values less than minimally acceptable for even exploratory research. Based on our more comprehensive review of 52 samples and a variety of financial literacy tests (3–45 questions), researchers are recommended to measure financial literacy with a minimum of 13–15 questions. Finally, we conclude that the potential impact of financial literacy on various outcome variables has been underestimated substantially in many previous investigations, as the relatively low levels of internal consistency reliability in the financial literacy test scores attenuated the obtained effects estimated from the observed scores.
Sociological limits and prospects of contemporary cultural evolutionary theory
Authors: Rutar Tibor 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhat can sociology learn about the logic of social behaviour from the field of cultural evolution? How can sociology enrich cultural evolutionary theory? In this article, I present and examine cultural evolutionary theory by specifying its various proposed mechanisms, such as cultural drift, biased transmission and cultural selection (including cultural group selection), and by investigating concrete examples of social phenomena to which the theory has been applied. My findings are three‐fold. First, cultural evolutionary mechanisms should not be dismissed by sociologists but instead, given their strong explanatory power in certain cases, incorporated into their basic theoretical toolkit. Second, one mechanism, i.e. cultural selection, can even underpin a more nuanced and micro‐founded sociological functionalism that avoids some of the errors of structural functionalism. This, however, should not be celebrated too soon as the applicability of cultural selection is more limited than cultural evolutionists acknowledge. Third, drawing on historical sociology and comparative politics I also uncover further important sociological limitations of the cultural evolutionary approach that should be heeded by the latter. I focus on two: (1) its inapplicability to cases of intentional decision‐making and strategizing, and (2) its inability to subsume the phenomenon of social power.
Developmental Trajectories of Early Higher‐Order Thinking Talk Differ for Typically Developing Children and Children With Unilateral Brain Injuries
Authors: Frausel Rebecca R. , Vollman Elayne , Muzard Antonia , Richland Lindsey E. , Goldin‐Meadow Susan , Levine Susan C. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTThe use of higher‐order thinking talk (HOTT), where speakers identify relations between representations (e.g., comparison, causality, abstraction) is examined in the spontaneous language produced by 64 typically developing (TD) and 46 brain‐injured children, observed from 14–58 months at home. HOTT is less frequent in lower‐income children and children with brain injuries, but effects differed depending on HOTT complexity and type of brain injury. Controlling for income, children with larger and later‐occurring cerebrovascular infarcts produce fewer surface (where relations are more perceptual) and structure (where relations are more abstract) HOTT utterances than TD children. In contrast, children with smaller and earlier occurring periventricular lesions produce HOTT at comparable rates to TD children. This suggests that examining HOTT development may be an important tool for understanding the impacts of brain injury in children. Theoretically, these data reveal that both neurological (size and timing of brain injury) and environmental (family income) factors contribute to these skills.
Presence of galectin‐3 in peritoneal dialysate. Does it have a role in the peritoneal membrane inflammatory process?
Authors: Einbinder Yael , Siboni Ayala , Zaidenstein Shirley , Cohen‐Hagai Keren , Benchetrit Sydney , Zitman‐Gal Tali 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPeritoneal dialysis (PD) causes structural and functional changes in the peritoneal membrane, which are attributed to local inflammatory process. This study assessed the presence of galectin‐3 (Gal‐3), a known inflammatory modulator, in dialysate effluent and correlated its levels with markers of inflammatory process. Gal‐3 levels in serum and dialysate effluent were measured in prevalent PD patients on morning visits (n = 27) or during peritoneal equilibration tests (PET, n = 16), it association with clinical and laboratory parameters, including dialysate/plasma creatinine (D/P creatinine) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) levels was analysed. Gal‐3 levels in dialysate effluent correlated with D/P creatinine (0.663, p = 0.005) and dialysate effluent IL‐6 levels (0.674, p = 0.002), but not with serum Gal‐3 levels or dialysis vintage. Patients who were high transporters had higher Gal‐3 levels in dialysate effluent, as compared to lower transporters. In multivariate regression analysis, dialysate IL‐6 level was the strongest predictor of dialysate Gal‐3 levels. This study found Gal‐3 in dialysate effluent correlated with D/P creatinine and dialysate IL‐6 levels. These findings may imply that Gal‐3 has a role in the intraperitoneal inflammatory process. However, this needs to be investigated further.
Dietary interventions on the prevention and management of diabetes in post‐kidney transplantation – A systematic review
Authors: Li Joanne , Chong Arian , Carey Sharon 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPost‐transplant diabetes mellitus is associated with long‐term immunosuppression and weight gain, and is related to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, accelerated loss of graft and increased mortality. There is an absence of strong evidence‐based dietary guidelines for the prevention and management of post‐transplant diabetes mellitus in kidney transplant recipients. The aim of this study was to systematically review all dietary evidence for kidney transplant recipients on clinical outcomes relating to diabetes, patient‐reported outcomes and economic outcomes. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in August 2020 using the databases Medline, Embase, CENTRAL and CINAHL. Studies were critically appraised using Cochrane risk of bias tools and GRADE. A total of 12 studies and 1928 participants were included. Four papers focused on diet and exercise, one paper on diet only, two papers on magnesium supplementation, one paper on magnesium and fibre intake, two papers on Mediterranean diet, one paper on marine n‐3 fatty acid supplementation and one paper on fruit and vegetable intake. There were no significant effects on outcomes relating to dietary counselling, magnesium supplementation, magnesium and fibre intake or marine n‐3 fatty acid supplementation. Low‐quality evidence supports the Mediterranean diet in reducing the risk of post‐transplant diabetes mellitus and fasting plasma glucose levels. Low‐quality evidence suggests vegetable intake being associated with a lower risk of post‐transplant diabetes mellitus. This review demonstrates limited evidence for dietary interventions in the prevention and management of diabetes in post‐kidney transplantation. The findings suggest that further high‐quality research with robust study designs is required.
Multi‐informant reports of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation among adolescent inpatients
Authors: Augenstein Tara M. , Visser Katherine F. , Gallagher Katie , De Los Reyes Andres , D’Angelo Eugene J. , Nock Matthew K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveSuicide is a leading cause of death among adolescents, and suicidal thoughts represent key predictors to suicidal behavior. Yet, suicidal thoughts can be challenging to accurately assess. Symptoms that commonly co‐occur with suicidal thoughts, such as depressive symptoms, may provide valuable information for predicting these thoughts. Although clinicians commonly collect multi‐informant reports about adolescent depressive symptoms, these reports often yield discrepant findings as individual predictors of adolescents’ suicidal thoughts.MethodWe tested the ability of specific patterns of multi‐informant reports to predict adolescents’ suicidal thoughts. Ninety adolescent inpatients and their parents (i.e., “dyads”) reported on adolescent depressive symptoms, and adolescents completed self‐report assessments of suicidal thoughts at baseline and three‐month follow‐up.ResultsDyads displayed variability in reporting patterns, and these patterns uniquely predicted suicidal thoughts. Adolescents reporting elevated depressive symptoms displayed increased concurrent suicidal thoughts relative to adolescents reporting subthreshold depressive symptoms, regardless of parent report. Yet, only adolescents who reported elevated depressive symptoms and whose parents reported subthreshold adolescent depressive symptoms displayed increased future suicidal thoughts.ConclusionsIdentifying patterns of multiple informants’ reports about adolescent depressive symptoms may improve the prediction of suicidal thoughts. These findings have important implications for assessing adolescents at risk for suicide.
Wall-crossings and a categorification of K-theory stable bases of the Springer resolution
Authors: Su Changjian , Zhao Gufang , Zhong Changlong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe compare the $K$-theory stable bases of the Springer resolution associated to different affine Weyl alcoves. We prove that (up to relabelling) the change of alcoves operators are given by the Demazure–Lusztig operators in the affine Hecke algebra. We then show that these bases are categorified by the Verma modules of the Lie algebra, under the localization of Lie algebras in positive characteristic of Bezrukavnikov, Mirković, and Rumynin. As an application, we prove that the wall-crossing matrices of the $K$-theory stable bases coincide with the monodromy matrices of the quantum cohomology of the Springer resolution.
Characterization of chanterelle (Cantharellus cibarius) and pine mushrooms (Tricholoma magnivelare) in northern Saskatchewan
Authors: Ivanochko Gerry , Svendsen Erl , Hrycan William , Tanino Karen 
Published: October 2021

Baseline data on the boreal jack pine associated chanterelle (Cantharellus cibarius Fr.) and pine mushrooms (Tricholoma magnivelare (Peck) Redhead) in the Boreal Plain Ecozone of Saskatchewan were collected in five ecosites of productive mushroom areas. It investigated hourly weather parameters correlated with daily purchase volumes over 4 yrs; yield data over 5 yrs; and varying age, tree density, and species for presence of mushrooms in over 100 stands. All plots fell within the lichen jack pine (jP) ecosite with an overstory entirely of jack pine. The understory was dominated by reindeer lichen, bearberry, and blueberry. Plots were well- to rapidly drained, subxeric to submesic, with low nutrient regime. Both chanterelle and pine mushrooms were present in jack pine stands of < 20 yrs, with greatest occurrence in pure jack pine stands of 41–60 yrs in moderately open A-B canopy density. Weekly purchase data correlated with environmental parameters. Growing degree days (GDD) (base temperature 5 °C) + soil temperature (minimum 500 ± 70 GDD), + either soil moisture or precipitation (cumulative 50–100 mm) provided the highest regression value with chanterelle yield 6–13 wks prior to first appearance. The 5-yr total chanterelle yield from this region averaged 7100 kg·yr−1. Chanterelle cap diameter was a good predictor of fresh weight and proxy for yield. Pine mushroom was < 10% of chanterelle yield, averaging 1.72 kg·ha−1over 4 yrs based on 5 days picking. With future climate predictions of warmer and moister conditions, timing of fruiting body appearance is anticipated to advance.
Cultivatable bacterial community in water from Lai Nullah contaminated with household sewage and industrial waste is more diverse and populated compared with nonpolluted water
Authors: Khan Wishal , Yaseen Sobia , Waheed Abdul , Hasnain Zuhair , Jabeen Zahra , Yasmin Humaira , Shah Syed Muhammad Usman , Khan Nadir Zaman , Hassan Muhammad Nadeem , Mumtaz Saqib 
Published: October 2021

The effect of environmental pollutants on living organisms can be assessed by studying the changes in the indigenous microbial community. Therefore, in this study, cultivatable bacterial community in nonpolluted as well as household sewage and industrially polluted water of Lai Nullah flowing through Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan was analyzed. Bacterial community composition and population present in the polluted water were significantly different from the nonpolluted water (P < 0.05). Nonpolluted water had much fewer species and population of bacteria compared with polluted water. Sequence analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA gene revealed that Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus plantarum, Geobacillus stearothermophilus, Enterococcus faecalis, Acinetobacter guillouiae, Ralstonia sp., Comamonas sp., and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were specific to the polluted water. On the other hand, Aeromonas veronii, Exiguobacterium sp., and Lysinibacillus macroides were only found in the nonpolluted water. Among measured physicochemical parameters, higher colony count in the polluted water was best correlated with higher biological oxygen demand, phosphate, sodium, and chloride values (Spearman’s rho = 0.85). Concentration of heavy metals such as cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, and lead were below 0.03 μg·mL−1 at all the study sites. During plate assay, bacterial strains found at polluted sites showed resistance to selected heavy metals with highest minimum inhibitory concentration for lead (8 mmol·L−1) followed by copper (5 mmol·L−1), nickel (3 mmol·L−1), and cadmium (1 mmol·L−1). All the bacterial isolates also showed various levels of resistance against antibiotics ampicillin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and vancomycin using broth microdilution method. Current research provides new insight into the effect of household sewage and the industrially polluted water of Lai Nullah on the indigenous bacteria.
Neighborhood Socioeconomic Deprivation and Mortality in Children with Central Nervous System Tumors
Authors: Adel Fahmideh Maral , Schraw Jeremy M. , Chintagumpala Murali , Lupo Philip J. , Oluyomi Abiodun Olufemi , Scheurer Michael E. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background:
Although there is evidence of socioeconomic disparities in survival of children diagnosed with central nervous system (CNS) tumors, the impact of neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation on the survival of these malignancies has not been adequately studied. We investigated the association between area deprivation index (ADI), a measure of neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage, and pediatric CNS tumor survival.

Methods:
Demographic and clinical characteristics, geocoded addresses at diagnosis, and vital status of pediatric CNS tumor cases (n = 5,477) for the period 1995 to 2017 were obtained from the Texas Cancer Registry. ADI scores were computed for census tracts in Texas using the U.S. Census Bureau 2010 geography. Tracts were classified into quartiles as least, third-most, second-most, and most disadvantaged. Children were mapped to quartiles based on residency at diagnosis. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated.

Results:
The results showed a significantly increased HR for death among children in the most (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.09–1.51), second-most (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.01–1.38), and third-most disadvantaged census tracts (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.02–1.37) compared with children in the least disadvantaged tracts.

Conclusions:
Children living in the most disadvantaged neighborhoods experienced a significantly higher risk of mortality, indicating the important role of socioeconomic disparities in the survival of pediatric CNS tumors.

Impact:
The demographic and socioeconomic disparities identified by this study should be considered when planning treatment strategies for these susceptible groups and thus, lead to a better outcome in socioeconomically disadvantaged children diagnosed with CNS tumors.
Anti–PD-1 Efficacy in Patients with Metastatic Urothelial Cancer Associates with Intratumoral Juxtaposition of T Helper-Type 1 and CD8+ T cells
Authors: Rijnders Maud , Balcioglu Hayri E. , Robbrecht Debbie G.J. , Oostvogels Astrid A.M. , Wijers Rebecca , Aarts Maureen J.B. , Hamberg Paul , van Leenders Geert J.L.H. , Nakauma-González J. Alberto , Voortman Jens , Westgeest Hans M. , Boormans Joost L. , de Wit Ronald , Lolkema Martijn P. , van der Veldt Astrid A.M. , Debets Reno 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
PD-1 inhibition results in durable antitumor responses in a proportion of patients with metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC). The majority of patients, however, do not experience clinical benefit. In this study, we aimed to identify early changes in T-cell subsets that underlie anti–PD-1 efficacy in patients with mUC.

Experimental Design:
Paired samples were collected from peripheral blood, plasma, and metastatic lesions of 56 patients with mUC at baseline and weeks 6 and 12 after initiating pembrolizumab treatment (200 mg intravenously, every 3 weeks). Samples were analyzed using multiplex flow cytometry, ELISA, and in situ stainings, including cellular network analysis. Treatment response was evaluated as best overall response according to RECIST v1.1, and patients were classified as responder (complete or partial response) or nonresponder (progressive disease).

Results:
In responders, baseline fractions of CD4+ T cells expressing cosignaling receptors were higher compared with nonresponders. The fraction of circulating PD-1+ CD4+ T cells decreased at weeks 6 and 12, whereas the fraction of 4-1BB+ CD28+ CD4+ T cells increased at week 12. In metastatic lesions of responders, the baseline density of T helper-type 1 (Th1) cells, defined as T-bet+ CD4+ T cells, was higher as compared to non-responders. Upon treatment, Th1 cells became localized in close proximity to CD8+ T cells, CD11b+ myeloid cells, and tumor cells.

Conclusions:
A decrease in the fraction of circulating PD-1+ CD4+ T cells, and juxtaposition of Th1, CD8+, and myeloid cells was associated with response to anti–PD-1 treatment in patients with mUC.