bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optometrische Schulreihenuntersuchungen
Authors: Kaymak Hakan , Neller Kai , Graff Birte , Körgesaar Kristina , Langenbucher Achim , Seitz Berthold , Schwahn Hartmut 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Wiederkehrende Schulreihenuntersuchungen dienen dazu, Kinder und Jugendliche mit erhöhtem Achslängenwachstum der Augen zu identifizieren und dafür zu sensibilisieren, dass die richtige Sehhilfe und ausreichend Aufenthalt im Freien präventive Faktoren gegen die Entwicklung einer hohen Myopie sind. Die erhobenen biometrischen Daten helfen außerdem, die epidemiologischen Datenlage zur Schulmyopie zu erweitern, die schließlich eine Grundlage für die Auswahl von Therapieoptionen bilden.

Material und Methoden
Mittels berührungsfreier Biometrie wurden Hornhautradius, zentrale Hornhautdicke, Vorderkammertiefe, Linsendicke und Achslänge der Augen ermittelt. Optische Kohärenztomographie (OCT) wurde zur Bestimmung der subfovealen Aderhautdicke eingesetzt. Zusätzlich wurden der mesopische und photopische Pupillendurchmesser bestimmt.

Ergebnisse
Biometrische Daten der Augen konnten von 257 (Alter 11,2 ± 1,1 Jahre, 31,9 % [82] weiblich, 68,1 % [175] männlich) der untersuchten 274 Schulkinder erhoben werden. Es zeigten sich ein mittlerer Hornhautradius (Mittelwert [MW] ± Standardabweichung [SD], weiblich/männlich) von 7,74 ± 0,23/7,89 ± 0,22 mm, zentrale Hornhautdicke von 556,80 ± 31,31/565,68 ± 33,12 µm, Vorderkammertiefe von 3,62 ± 0,28/3,71 ± 0,25 mm, Linsendicke von 3,48 ± 0,18/3,46 ± 0,17 mm sowie Achslänge von 23,03 ± 0,88/23,51 ± 0,88 mm. Die subfoveale Aderhautdicke konnte bei 240 Schulkindern ausgewertet werden und betrug 335,12 ± 60,5 µm. Die gemessene mesopische und photopische Pupillengröße betrug 6,38 ± 0,70 mm bzw. 3,11 ± 0,63 mm.

Diskussion
Die ermittelten Achslängen der Augen stimmen mit den Normwerten bei europäischen Kindern überein. Es zeigt sich ein Unterschied in der Biometrie zwischen weiblichen und männlichen Augen. Die geplanten Wiederholungsuntersuchungen werden das Erstellen von ersten Wachstumskurven ermöglichen.
Subthreshold laser therapy with a standardized macular treatment pattern in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy
Authors: Schworm Benedikt , Siedlecki Jakob , Keidel Leonie F. , Herold Tina R. , Luft Nikolaus , Priglinger Siegfried G. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
There is an ongoing controversial debate about the effectiveness of laser treatments in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (cCSC). We performed a prospective non-randomized interventional study to learn about the effects of a subthreshold laser treatment (Topcon Endpoint Management™, Topcon Healthcare Inc., Tokyo, Japan) in patients with cCSC.

Methods
Patients with cCSC and a minimum symptom duration of 4 months were included and treated with a standardized laser pattern covering the macular area. Retreatment was performed every 3 months if persistent subretinal fluid was observed. The primary endpoint was resolution of subretinal fluid at 6 months. Further outcome parameters included best corrected visual acuity, microperimetry, central macular and subfoveal choroidal thickness.

Results
A total of 42 eyes of 39 patients were included. Mean patient age was 48 ± 10.6 years (range 25–67). Mean symptomatic time before inclusion into the study was 134 ± 133.4 weeks (16–518). Before inclusion, 78.6% of the patients had failed to resolve subretinal fluid under mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and 14.3% had a recurrence after half-dose photodynamic therapy. Complete resolution of subretinal fluid was observed in 42.9% at 6 months and in 53.8% at 12 months after baseline. Central retinal thickness decreased from 398 ± 135 µm to 291 ± 68 µm (p < 0.001), subfoveal choroidal thickness changed slightly (430 ± 116 µm to 419 ± 113 µm, p = 0.026), microperimetry-derived macular function improved by 19.1 ± 4.7 dB to 21.3 ± 4.8 dB (p = 0.008) and mean BCVA improved by 4.9 ± 8.6 ETDRS letters (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
The results show that the investigated laser treatment is effective in reducing subretinal fluid and leads to an improvement of functional parameters.
Multiple mental representations in picture processing
Authors: Schnotz Wolfgang , Hauck Georg , Schwartz Neil H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article investigates whether goal-directed learning of pictures leads to multiple mental representations which are differently useful for different purposes. The paper further investigates the effects of prompts on picture processing. 136 undergraduate students were presented maps of a fictitious city. One half of the participants were instructed to learn their map as preparation to draw it from memory as precisely as possible (PrepDraw), which should stimulate the creation of an elaborated surface representation. The other half were instructed to learn the map as preparation for finding the shortest traffic connection from various locations to other locations (PrepConnect), which should stimulate the construction of a task-oriented deep-structure representation (mental model). Within both experimental groups, one-third of the participants received the map without prompts. Another third received the map with survey prompts (stimulating processing of what is where), and the final third received the map with connect prompts (stimulating processing of how train stations are connected). In the following test phase, participants received a recognition task, a recall task, and an inference task. For recognition and recall, two surface structure scores (extent, accuracy) and two deep structure scores (extent, accuracy) were calculated. The inference task served also to indicate deep structure accuracy. The PrepDraw group outperformed the PrepConnect group in terms of surface structure related variables, whereas the PrepConnect group outperformed the PrepDraw group in terms of deep structure-related variables. Map processing was not enhanced by prompts aligned with the instruction, but non-aligned prompts tended to interfere with learning.
Technology development of hyperthermic pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (hPIPAC)
Authors: Bachmann C. , Sautkin I. , Nadiradze G. , Archid R. , Weinreich F. J. , Königsrainer A. , Reymond M. A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Optimized drug delivery systems are needed for intraperitoneal chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to develop a technology for applying pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) under hyperthermic conditions (hPIPAC).

Methods
This is an ex-vivo study in an inverted bovine urinary bladder (IBUB). Hyperthermia was established using a modified industry-standard device (Humigard). Two entry and one exit ports were placed. Warm-humid CO2 was insufflated in the IBUB placed in a normothermic bath to simulate body thermal inertia. The temperature of the aerosol, tissue, and water bath was measured in real-time.

Results
Therapeutic hyperthermia (target tissue temperature 41–43 °C) could be established and maintained over 30 min. In the first phase (insufflation phase), tissue hyperthermia was created by insufflating continuously warm-humid CO2. In the second phase (aerosolization phase), chemotherapeutic drugs were heated up and aerosolized into the IBUB. In a third phase (application phase), hyperthermia was maintained within the therapeutic range using an endoscopic infrared heating device. In a fourth phase, the toxic aerosol was discarded using a closed aerosol waste system (CAWS).

Discussion
We introduce a simple and effective technology for hPIPAC. hPIPAC is feasible in an ex-vivo model by using a combination of industry-standard medical devices after modification. Potential pharmacological and biological advantages of hPIPAC over PIPAC should now be evaluated.
Observational evaluation of outdoor cooling potential of air-source heat pump water heaters
Authors: Yamaguchi Kazuki , Ihara Tomohiko , Kikegawa Yukihiro 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHeat pump water heaters are highly efficient hot water supply systems that effectively utilize the heat of outdoor air via heat pump technology. Many studies have been conducted to optimize the design and operation of heat pump water heaters from the perspective of climate change mitigation. Air-source heat pump water heaters, which absorb heat from the outdoor air and emit cold exhaust, can also be expected to alleviate the urban heat island effect; however, this has not been studied extensively. To estimate the impact of cold exhaust on building-scale climate, we conducted a multipoint measurement of the outdoor thermal environment around a low-rise apartment building equipped with air-source heat pump water heaters, in both summer and winter. Observations showed a substantial cooling effect that decreased air temperatures by 1 °C within the site boundary on summer nights when multiple heat pump water heaters operated concurrently. The analysis revealed that the sensitivity of the ambient temperatures to cold exhaust depends strongly on local atmospheric conditions. The most influential factor was the wind direction: the sensitivity increased significantly when the exhaust outlet location was at the lee side of the building. Naturally, the wind speed also affected the sensitivity, which tended to be higher when the wind speed was lower. The convective stability near the ground surface, however, showed no significant influence over the sensitivity.
A volumetric study of mandibular condyles in orthognathic patients by semiautomatic segmentation
Authors: Lentzen Max-Philipp , Riekert Maximilian , Buller Johannes , Grandoch Andrea , Zirk Matthias , Zoeller Joachim E. , Kreppel Matthias 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
This study was conducted to elucidate volumetric data of mandibular condyles of orthognathic patients by analyzing cone beam computed tomography images based upon semiautomatic segmentation.

Methods
Cone beam computed tomography images of 87 patients with malocclusions were analyzed in this retrospective study. Patients were between 17 and 53 years old and diagnosed with Angle class I, II, or III malocclusion. By using the validated open-source software “ITK-SNAP,” the volumetric measurements of 174 mandibular condyles were performed. Volumetric analysis was performed according to intra-subject side differences by paired Student t test. In accordance to inter-subject side, gender, age and type of malocclusion differences bivariate analysis and ANOVA were applied.

Results
The mean volume for the right condyle was 1.378 ± 0.447 cm3, with a maximum of 2.379 cm3 and a minimum of 0.121 cm3. The mean volume for the left side was 1.435 ± 0.474 cm3, with a maximum of 3.264 cm3 and a minimum of 0.109 cm3. Bivariate analysis indicated a highly significant inter-subject difference between the volume of the left and right mandibular condyles (p < 0.01). Females had a significantly smaller condyle volume than males (p < 0.05 left condyle; p < 0.01 right condyle).

Conclusion
The fact that shape and volume of mandibular condyles show a high susceptibility to pathological alterations and particularly malocclusions makes a precise knowledge about volumetric changes indispensable. Our results show that significant inter-subject differences in condyle volume could be found with respect to the side and gender. Larger volumes could be assessed for the left condyle and for male patients.
Kea (Nestor notabilis) show flexibility and individuality in within-session reversal learning tasks
Authors: Laschober Monika , Mundry Roger , Huber Ludwig , Schwing Raoul 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe midsession reversal paradigm confronts an animal with a two-choice discrimination task where the reward contingencies are reversed at the midpoint of the session. Species react to the reversal with either win-stay/lose-shift, using local information of reinforcement, or reversal estimation, using global information, e.g. time, to estimate the point of reversal. Besides pigeons, only mammalian species were tested in this paradigm so far and analyses were conducted on pooled data, not considering possible individually different responses. We tested twelve kea parrots with a 40-trial midsession reversal test and additional shifted reversal tests with a variable point of reversal. Birds were tested in two groups on a touchscreen, with the discrimination task having either only visual or additional spatial information. We used Generalized Linear Mixed Models to control for individual differences when analysing the data. Our results demonstrate that kea can use win-stay/lose-shift independently of local information. The predictors group, session, and trial number as well as their interactions had a significant influence on the response. Furthermore, we discovered notable individual differences not only between birds but also between sessions of individual birds, including the ability to quite accurately estimate the reversal position in alternation to win-stay/lose-shift. Our findings of the kea’s quick and flexible responses contribute to the knowledge of diversity in avian cognitive abilities and emphasize the need to consider individuality as well as the limitation of pooling the data when analysing midsession reversal data.
Efficacy and safety of esaxerenone (CS-3150) in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes and macroalbuminuria: a multicenter, single-arm, open-label phase III study
Authors: Ito Sadayoshi , Kashihara Naoki , Shikata Kenichi , Nangaku Masaomi , Wada Takashi , Okuda Yasuyuki , Sawanobori Tomoko 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Esaxerenone has potential renoprotective effects and reduces the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) in patients with diabetic kidney disease and overt nephropathy. We investigated the efficacy and safety of esaxerenone in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and macroalbuminuria (UACR ≥ 300 mg/g creatinine).

Methods
We conducted a multicenter, single-arm, open-label phase III study in 56 patients with T2D and UACR ≥ 300 mg/g creatinine with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 and treated with a renin–angiotensin system inhibitor. Patients received esaxerenone for 28 weeks at 1.25 mg/day initially with titration to 2.5 mg/day based on serum potassium (K+) monitoring. Efficacy was evaluated as the change in UACR from baseline to week 28. Safety endpoints included adverse events (AEs), incidence of serum K+ increase, and change in eGFR from baseline.

Results
UACR decreased by 54.6% (95% CI 46.9%, 61.3%) on average from baseline (544.1 mg/g creatinine) to the end of treatment (246.8 mg/g creatinine); 51.8% of patients showed improvement to early nephropathy. AE incidence was 69.6%. Three patients (5.4%) had serum K+ levels ≥ 6.0 mEq/L or ≥ 5.5 mEq/L on two consecutive occasions. Hyperkalemia in two patients was transient and resolved during the treatment period. One patient discontinued following two consecutive serum K+ values ≥ 5.5 mEq/L. The maximum change from baseline in eGFR was − 8.3 mL/min/1.73 m2 at week 24.

Conclusions
Esaxerenone reduced UACR in Japanese patients with T2D and UACR ≥ 300 mg/g creatinine; more than half experienced a transition from UACR ≥ 300 mg/g creatinine to UACR < 300 mg/g creatinine.

Clinical trial registration
JapicCTI-173696
A Journey with LGMD: From Protein Abnormalities to Patient Impact
Authors: Georganopoulou Dimitra G. , Moisiadis Vasilis G. , Malik Firhan A. , Mohajer Ali , Dashevsky Tanya M. , Wuu Shirley T. , Hu Chih-Kao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMD) are a collection of genetic diseases united in their phenotypical expression of pelvic and shoulder area weakness and wasting. More than 30 subtypes have been identified, five dominant and 26 recessive. The increase in the characterization of new genotypes in the family of LGMDs further adds to the heterogeneity of the disease. Meanwhile, better understanding of the phenotype led to the reconsideration of the disease definition, which resulted in eight old subtypes to be no longer recognized officially as LGMD and five new diseases to be added to the LGMD family. The unique variabilities of LGMD stem from genetic mutations, which then lead to protein and ultimately muscle dysfunction. Herein, we review the LGMD pathway, starting with the genetic mutations that encode proteins involved in muscle maintenance and repair, and including the genotype–phenotype relationship of the disease, the epidemiology, disease progression, burden of illness, and emerging treatments.
An Automatic Well Planner for Complex Well Trajectories
Authors: Kristoffersen Brage S. , Bellout Mathias C. , Silva Thiago L. , Berg Carl F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA data-driven automatic well planner procedure is implemented to develop complex well trajectories by efficiently adapting to near-well reservoir properties and geometry. The procedure draws inspiration from geosteering drilling operations, where modern logging-while-drilling tools enable the adjustment of well trajectories during drilling. Analogously, the proposed procedure develops well trajectories based on a selected geology-based fitness measure using an artificial neural network as the decision maker in a virtual sequential drilling process within a reservoir model. While neural networks have seen extensive use in other areas of reservoir management, to the best of our knowledge, this work is the first to apply neural networks on well trajectory design within reservoir models. Importantly, both the input data generation used to train the network and the actual trajectory design operations conducted by the trained network are efficient calculations, since these rely solely on geometric and initial properties of the reservoir, and thus do not require additional simulations. Therefore, the main advantage over traditional methods is the highly articulated well trajectories adapted to reservoir properties using a low-order well representation. Well trajectories generated in a realistic reservoir by the automatic well planner are qualitatively and quantitatively compared to trajectories generated by a differential evolution algorithm. Results show that the resulting trajectories improve productivity compared to straight line well trajectories, both for channelized and geometrically complex reservoirs. Moreover, the overall productivity with the resulting trajectories is comparable to well solutions obtained using differential evolution, but at a much lower computational cost.
The impact of sitting time and physical activity on mental health during COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Pears Matthew , Kola-Palmer Susanna , De Azevedo Liane Beretta 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective
The primary aim of this study was to investigate the association between physical activity (PA) and sitting time on adults’ mental health (i.e., depression, anxiety and wellbeing) and the influence of mediators and confounders.

Methods
An online survey was disseminated in the UK between May and June 2020. A total of 284 participants (33.5 ± 12.4 years) self-reported their PA, sitting time and mental health through validated questionnaires.

Results
Multiple stepwise regression analysis revealed that being of younger age, female, on a lower income, with one or more comorbid health conditions, with a previous diagnosis of mood disorder and increased sitting time independently correlated with higher depression scores (F (13,219) = 12.31, p < 0.001), and explained 42% of the variance. Similar results were found for wellbeing where socio-demographic, health outcomes and sitting time influenced the subjective wellbeing (F (14,218) = 5.77, p < 0.001, 27% variance), although only socio-demographic and health outcomes contributed to the variation in anxiety score (F (13,219) = 7.84, p < 0.001, 32% variance). PA did not explain variation when sitting time was taken into account in any of the models. Combined analysis revealed that participants with lower sedentary time (< 8 h) and with both low or moderate and high PA presented a significantly lower depression score [low PA: (B = −2.7, 95% CI −4.88, −0.52); moderate and high PA (B = −2.7, −4.88, −0.52)].

Conclusion
Sitting time was strongly associated with adverse mental health during COVID-19 lockdown and should be considered in future public health recommendations.
Das LEaD-Kompetenzmodell – wirksam Führen im Kontext der digitalen Transformation
Authors: Dörr Stefan L. , Schmidt-Huber Marion , Maier Günter W. 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag der Zeitschrift Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO) stellt die Entwicklung, empirische Validierung und Anwendung des LEaD-Modells©1(Leadership Effectiveness and Development) der Führung im Rahmen der digitalen Transformation vor. Die Auswahl und Entwicklung von Führungskräften und die dazu erforderliche evidenzbasierte Diagnostik von Führungskompetenzen stellen zentrale Herausforderungen einer modernen HR-Strategie dar, wie z. B. beidhändige Führung im Kontext der digitalen Transformation und entwicklungsorientierte Diagnostik. Im Kontext des digitalen Wandels ist „LEaD“ ein Instrument für Führungskräfte und HR-Spezialist*innen, um Transformationsprozesse durch gezieltes Kompetenzmanagement erfolgreich zu bewältigen und eine neue Führungskultur zu etablieren. Praktische Anwendungsbereiche des LEaD-Modells in Organisationen sind sowohl auf individueller (z. B. als Führungsfeedback mit Selbst- und Fremdeinschätzung) als auch organisationaler Ebene (z. B. Messung der Führungseffektivität) möglich.Dieser Beitrag beschreibt das LEaD-Modell der Führung als einen evidenzbasierten Handlungsrahmen für Führungskräfte, der Diagnose- und Interventionsmaßnahmen bietet und damit einen wichtigen Beitrag zu einer nachhaltigen und lohnenswerten Investition in Führung leistet.
Alcohol as an independent risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Yang Shanshan , Guo Xinhong , Liu Wei , Li Yanhua , Liu Yunxi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
To determine if alcohol consumption is a risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and nocturnal oxygen desaturation.

Methods
This case–control study evaluated patients with confirmed OSA and a control group using polysomnography (PSG). Two doctors who have worked in this field for more than 5 years provided a blinded interpretation of the patients’ monitoring results. Logistic regression models were used to identify the odds ratio (OR) for alcohol consumption on OSA.

Results
A total of 793 patients were enrolled in this study. Compared with those who did not consume alcohol, those consuming alcohol had a higher risk of OSA (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.30–3.17) after adjustment. Regarding the risk of OSA after adjusting for former drinkers and current ones, the ORs were 1.96 (95% CI 1.19–3.22) and 2.22 (95% CI 1.06–4.63), respectively. And the P for trend = 0.002. The β of former drinkers and the current ones were 3.448 and 4.560 after adjustment; P for trend was 0.006. The relationship may have gender difference, and alcohol consumption was associated with AHI in female significantly (β = 10.190 and 15.395 for former and current drinkers, respectively, in females after adjustment, P for trend = 0.002).

Conclusions
In this study, we found that alcohol consumption was an independent risk factor of OSA and OSA with hypoxia, and alcohol consumption was related to AHI significantly after adjustment, especially in female. In order to reduce the risk and severity of OSA, it is suggested that people should avoid drinking, and drinkers should abstain from drinking.