bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Caveolin‐1
Authors: Hojo Hironobu , Takei Toshiki , Asahina Yuya , Okumura Nobuaki , Takao Toshifumi , So Masatomo , Suetake Isao , Sato Takeshi , Kawamoto Akihiro , Hirabayashi Yoshio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCaveolin‐1, which is an essential protein for caveola formation, was chemically synthesized. It is composed of 177 amino acid residues, is triply palmitoylated at the C‐terminal region, and is inserted into the lipid bilayer to form a V‐shaped structure in the middle of the polypeptide chain. The entire sequence was divided into five peptide segments, each of which was synthesized by the solid‐phase method. To improve the solubility of the C‐terminal region, O‐acyl isopeptide structures were incorporated. After ligation by the thioester method and the introduction of the palmitoyl groups, all the protecting groups were removed and the isopeptide structures were converted into the native peptide bond. Finally, the obtained polypeptide was successfully inserted into bicelles, thus showing the success of the synthesis.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Propargylic Phosphinylation of Propargylic Alcohols with Phosphine Oxides
Authors: Liu Shiyao , Tanabe Yoshiaki , Kuriyama Shogo , Sakata Ken , Nishibayashi Yoshiaki 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe development of transition metal‐catalyzed enantioselective propargylic substitution reactions has gained much progress in recent years, however, no successful example with phosphorus‐centered nucleophiles has yet been reported until now. Herein, we report the first successful example of ruthenium‐catalyzed enantioselective propargylic substitution reactions of propargylic alcohols with diarylphosphine oxides as phosphorus‐centered nucleophiles. This synthetic approach provides a new method to prepare chiral phosphorus‐containing organic compounds.
(2‐Ethylhexyl)sodium: A Hexane‐Soluble Reagent for Br/Na‐Exchanges and Directed Metalations in Continuous Flow
Authors: Harenberg Johannes H. , Weidmann Niels , Wiegand Alexander J. , Hoefer Carla A. , Annapureddy Rajasekar Reddy , Knochel Paul 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe report the on‐demand generation of hexane‐soluble (2‐ethylhexyl)sodium (1) from 3‐(chloromethyl)heptane (2) using a sodium‐packed‐bed reactor under continuous flow conditions. Thus, the resulting solution of 1 is free of elemental sodium and therefore suited for a range of synthetic applications. This new procedure avoids the storage of an alkylsodium and limits the handling of metallic sodium to a minimum. (2‐Ethylhexyl)sodium (1) proved to be a very useful reagent and undergoes in‐line Br/Na‐exchanges as well as directed sodiations. The resulting arylsodium intermediates are subsequently trapped in batch with various electrophiles such as ketones, aldehydes, Weinreb‐amides, imines, allyl bromides, disulfides and alkyl iodides. A reaction scale‐up of the Br/Na‐exchange using an in‐line electrophile quench was also reported.
Correlation between Oxygen Vacancies and Oxygen Evolution Reaction Activity for a Model Electrode: PrBaCo2O5+δ
Authors: Marelli Elena , Gazquez Jaume , Poghosyan Emiliya , Müller Elisabeth , Gawryluk Dariusz J. , Pomjakushina Ekaterina , Sheptyakov Denis , Piamonteze Cinthia , Aegerter Dino , Schmidt Thomas J. , Medarde Marisa , Fabbri Emiliana 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe role of the perovskite lattice oxygen in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is systematically studied in the PrBaCo2O5+δ family. The reduced number of physical/chemical variables combined with in‐depth characterizations such as neutron dif‐fraction, O K‐edge X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), magnetization and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) studies, helps investigating the complex correlation between OER activity and a single perovskite property, such as the oxygen content. Larger amount of oxygen vacancies appears to facilitate the OER, possibly contributing to the mechanism involving the oxidation of lattice oxygen, i.e., the lattice oxygen evolution reaction (LOER). Furthermore, not only the number of vacancies but also their local arrangement in the perovskite lattice influences the OER activity, with a clear drop for the more stable, ordered stoichiometry.
Simultaneous Broadening and Enhancement of Cr3+Photoluminescence in LiIn2SbO6by Chemical Unit Cosubstitution: Night‐Vision and Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy Detection Applications
Authors: Liu Dongjie , Li Guogang , Dang Peipei , Zhang Qianqian , Wei Yi , Lian Hongzhou , Shang Mengmeng , Lin Chun Che , Lin Jun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNear‐infrared (NIR)‐emitting phosphor materials have been extensively developed for optoelectronic and biomedical applications. Although Cr3+‐activated phosphors have been widely reported, it is challenging to achieve ultra‐broad and tunable NIR emission. Here, a new ultra‐broadband NIR‐emitting LiIn2SbO6:Cr3+phosphor with emission peak at 965 nm and a full‐width at half maximum of 217 nm is reported. Controllable emission tuning from 965 to 892 nm is achieved by chemical unit cosubstitution of [Zn2+–Zn2+] for [Li+–In3+], which can be ascribed to the upshift of4T2genergy level due to the strengthened crystal field. Moreover, the emission is greatly enhanced, and the FWHM reaches 235 nm. The as‐prepared luminescent tunable NIR‐emitting phosphors have demonstrated the potential in night‐vision and NIR spectroscopy techniques. This work proves the feasibility of chemical unit cosubstitution strategy in emission tuning of Cr3+‐doped phosphors, which can stimulate further studies on the emission‐tunable NIR‐emitting phosphor materials.
Acrylic‐ester‐polyol based novel two‐component polyurethane clear coat: Evaluation of performance characteristics
Authors: Mohanty Smruti Ranjan , Mohanty Smita , Samal Sushanta K. , Nayak Sanjay K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the current study, a combination of acrylic polyol (AP) and ester polyol (EP) were synthesized and reacted at variable ratios with hexamethylene diisocyanates and isophorone diisocyanates to prepare a transparent two‐component polyurethane (PU) coating formulation. The formations of the polyol system, isocyanate system, and the PU systems were confirmed by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. Transparency of the coatings was examined using haze, and gloss measurement, which showed acrylic‐ester‐polyurethane (aePU‐5 and aePU‐6) have 91.5% and 91.8% transparency and gloss of 90.3 and 90.7 GU respectively. The thermal properties like Tg and the thermal stability of the coatings were verified using differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis respectively which was found to increase with increasing EP content and decreasing AP content which may be ascribed to improved compatibility of copolymers, and homogeneity in PU along with enhanced crosslinking density. The degree of adhesion of coating with the substrate was validated from lap‐shear, and cross‐cut tape test which showed improved performance at AP:EP ratio of 60:40. The coatings were found to exhibit resistance toward pencil hardness with aePU‐5 and aePU‐6 having the optimum resistance of 9H. The surface morphology and topography were observed under scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy, respectively. The outcome confirms the higher smoothness of the surfaces subjected to the increase in EP content. The PU system with 40 wt% AP content and 60 wt% EP designated as aePU‐5 was found to exhibit optimum performance.
On the nonisothermal melt crystallization kinetics of industrial batch crosslinked polyethylene
Authors: Coutinho Suellen Veloso Côrte Real , de Sousa Barros Ana Beatriz , Pereira Barros Janetty Jany , Albuquerque Ananda Karoline Calvacanti , Barreto José Vinícius Melo , Siqueira Danilo Diniz , Ries Andreas , Wellen Renate Maria Ramos 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe chemical modification of commodity polymers such as polyethylene (PE) is a versatile synthetic approach for preparing materials that cannot be manufactured cost‐effectively using conventional polymerization techniques. Aiming to improve PE character low contents of dicumyl peroxide (DCP), from 0% to 1.5% was added as crosslinker to an industrial batch (PEs mixture and additives). From tensile testing crosslinking provided higher elastic modulus most due to the restrained microstructure where XPEs macromolecular chains are interconnected also providing lower strain at break. Crosslinking effects on the nonisothermal melt crystallization rate (Cmax) and degree of crystallinity (Xc) were evaluated; Cmax increased with the cooling rates, whereas Xc increased upon DCP addition. The melt crystallization kinetics were thoroughly investigated applying Pseudo‐Avrami, Ozawa, and Mo models. Ozawa failed to describe the crystallization most due to ignore the secondary crystallization and spherulites impingement at the end of crystallization while Pseudo‐Avrami and Mo provided quite good fits. The activation energy was computed using Arrhenius' approach, crosslinked compounds presented higher energy consumption, whereas exception was verified for 0.5XPE which displayed the lowest energy and overall the best mechanical performance this is the most proper compound for industrial applications, such as packaging, and disposables as well as general goods.
Functional nano‐fillers in waterborne polyurethane/acrylic composites and the thermal, mechanical, and dielectrical properties
Authors: Zhou Xing , Song Yonghua , Wang Dong , Fang Changqing , Xie Li , Yao Taiping , Zhang Xin , Zhang Jiawei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractModification is mostly used to adjust and increase the performance of polymers by employing organic or inorganic fillers in composites. It is significant to investigate the functions of different fillers in polymer matrix. In this work, we prepared a series of composites by using polyurethane/acrylic dispersions as polymer matrix and nanofillers (cellulose nanocrystals, carbon nanotubes and aluminum oxide nanoparticles) as modifiers to study their micro‐structure and applied performance. It is found that the different nanofillers can be dispersed in PUA homogenously, which are inclusive physically. Different nanofillers have a noticeable influence on the Tg for the acrylate copolymers and the Tg of the interphase between the acrylate and polyurethane. The CNTs significantly increases the elongation to 127.29%, and gives the highest dielectric response. We imply that the CNTs may be the most significant fillers to increase the mechanical and electrical properties.
Water‐repellent films from corn protein and tomato cutin
Authors: Hood Christine , Laredo Thamara , Marangoni Alejandro G. , Pensini Erica 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFlexible and hydrophobic biobased films were obtained using zein esterified with methanol and para‐toluene (p‐toluene) sulfonic acid, cutin from tomato peels and ethanol. Esterification was confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance and attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR). Non‐modified zein films were brittle and hydrophilic. ATR‐FTIR demonstrated that zein esterification increased zein hydrophobicity. Without cutin, esterified zein films were hydrophobic but brittle. Addition of cutin yielded films that were flexible and hydrophobic, as demonstrated by contact angle measurements. Principal component analysis (PCA) of ATR‐FTIR data showed that intensities at 3195 cm−1 and 3490 cm−1 were correlated to the relative hydrophobicity of zein films. PCA also showed that films of esterified zein and cutin were more hydrophobic than their counterparts (non‐modified zein without cutin). Optical and scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that esterified zein was compatible with cutin and yielded cohesive films, which did not fracture upon bending.
Evaluating candidate wetlands for the assisted colonization of the western swamp turtle Pseudemydura umbrina in a changing climate: Macro‐invertebrate food resources and turtle diet
Authors: Schmölz Katja , Pinder Adrian , Kuchling Gerald , Gollmann Günter 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

The natural habitat of the western swamp turtle (Pseudemydura umbrina Siebenrock, 1901) – the ephemeral, winter wet swamps north of Perth, Australia – is in danger owing to climate change and habitat fragmentation. The decline in rainfall in this area over the last five decades is predicted to continue, shortening the annual activity period for the turtles and potentially shifting their optimal climate zone to the south.
Assisted colonization to wetlands in the cooler far south west of the state is one management response. As a contribution to such a measure, the diversity and abundance of food resources and consumption by turtles were evaluated at two potential and one existing colonization site.
Thirty‐five captive‐bred juvenile P. umbrina were temporarily released into three sites: Moore River Nature Reserve north of Perth (into which the species had already been successfully translocated) and Meerup and East Augusta in the cooler far south of Western Australia.
Food resources were assessed using sweep nets to sample invertebrates on two occasions at each wetland. Separate samples were collected for biomass determination and for assessing invertebrate diversity. Feeding by turtles was assessed by stomach flushing.
Neither biomass nor biodiversity differed significantly between the southern sites and the reference site north of Perth. Stomach contents varied greatly, from 0 to 62 animals per turtle. The main prey items were beetles, ostracods, isopods and tadpoles.
Each candidate wetland provided adequate food resources, indicating that assisted colonization to the cooler south coast of Western Australia has the potential to become a reasonable conservation tool to ensure the long‐term survival of P. umbrina.
Hobbyists acting simultaneously as anglers and aquarists: Novel pathways for non‐native fish and impacts on native fish
Authors: Hirsch Philipp Emanuel , N'Guyen Anouk , Burkhardt‐Holm Patricia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Human translocations of non‐native aquatic species are a global conservation challenge. Aquarists and anglers are two hobbyist groups whose practices are particularly likely to translocate non‐native aquatic species, especially fish.
This article aims to stipulate a change of perspective among these hobbyists, who – by acting simultaneously as anglers and aquarists – establish novel pathways for non‐native fish.
This study showed that: (i) 51 of 226 respondents to a questionnaire act simultaneously as anglers and aquarists; (ii) 53 of 237 non‐native fish species in the European Union are used for both angling and aquarium hobbies; and (iii) hobbyists write online reports on the catch and exchange of a particularly invasive fish, the round goby (Neogobius melanostomus).
This combination of knowledge on how hobbyists use non‐native fish and the ecological impacts of round goby demonstrates how the impact of an invasive species can be influenced by the combined behaviours of anglers and aquarists.
We suggest that future research in aquatic conservation should move beyond considering the commercial aquarium trade and angling as separate pathways for translocating non‐native fish, and instead consider these hobbyist groups as interconnected.
Liquid‐Crystal Mediated Assembly of Iodinated Graphene Oxide for Ultra‐Dense Supercapacitors as Safe Power Source for Internet of Things Data Transmission
Authors: Mirshekarloo Meysam Sharifzadeh , Cooray M. C. Dilusha , Jovanović Petar , Easton Christopher D. , Wu Fan , Gamot Tanesh D. , Abedin Md. Joynul , Yuce Mehmet Rasit , Shaibani Mahdokht , Majumder Mainak 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDense iodinated reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with outstanding electrical and electrochemical properties is produced through a green method comprising liquid crystal‐mediated assembly of polyiodides and GO, and subsequent UV irradiation. The dense rGO electrode (1.46 g/cm3) exhibited a very high volumetric capacitance of 226 F/cm3, a factor of three larger than commercial activated carbon, and amongst the highest reported for graphene. The scalability is demonstrated by the fabrication of supercapacitor pouch cells that realized a volumetric energy density of 0.94 Wh/l, comparable to market products with similar footprint, while advantageously using a safe and green aqueous electrolyte. Our pouch cell powered battery‐less Internet of Things (IoT) sensor nodes and demonstrated sensing and transmission of over 40 temperature and relative humidity data packets. Our work establishes the critical advantages graphene‐based materials have over activated carbons in terms of ease of fabrication, tailorability, and enhanced volumetric energy density to advance the state‐of‐art in supercapacitor device research.
Betontechnologische Einflüsse auf die Leistungsklassen von Stahlfaserbeton
Authors: Weber Fabian , Orben Jeannette , Haus Andreas , Anders Steffen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDie Leistungsfähigkeit von Stahlfaserbeton, ausgedrückt durch seine Leistungsklassen und damit die erreichten Nachrissbiegezugfestigkeiten, hängt von zahlreichen Faktoren ab. Dazu zählen beispielsweise die Betondruckfestigkeit, Faserart und ‐geometrie, der Fasergehalt und die Betonzusammensetzung. Im Rahmen der Arbeit im Unterausschuss Stahlfaserbeton des DAfStb wurde mit der Biegebalken‐Datenbank „Stahlfaserbeton” eine sehr umfangreiche Datenbank mit Erst‐ und Bestätigungsprüfungen an Stahlfaserbetonen aus der Literatur und Praxis aufgebaut. Sie ermöglicht es, unterschiedliche Einflüsse, z. B. aus der Betonzusammensetzung oder den Fasereigenschaften, allgemein zu quantifizieren. In diesem Beitrag werden die Einflüsse der Faserzugfestigkeit, der Schlankheit der Fasern, der Betondruckfestigkeit, üblicher Einbaukonsistenzen, der Form der Gesteinskörnung sowie die Verwendung sekundärreaktiver Zusätze betrachtet. Auf Grundlage der Datenbank kann gezeigt werden, dass im Allgemeinen gebrochene Gesteinskörnung im Vergleich zu runder Gesteinskörnung sowie die Einbaukonsistenzen F3 und F4 keinen erkennbaren Effekt auf die Nachrissbiegezugfestigkeit zeigen. Bei der Verwendung sekundärreaktiver Stoffe wie hüttensandhaltige Zemente oder Flugaschen lässt sich aus der Datenbank eine deutliche Erhöhung der Nachrissbiegezugfestigkeiten ablesen. Die positiven Einflüsse der Betondruckfestigkeit und der Faserschlankheit können verallgemeinert bestätigt und quantifiziert werden.
Can Precision Electrophile Signaling Make a Meaningful and Lasting Impression in Drug Design?
Authors: Long Marcus J. C. , Kulkarni Amogh , Aye Yimon 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFor several years, drugs with reactive electrophilic appendages have been developed. These units typically confer prolonged residence time of the drugs on their protein targets, and may assist targeting shallow binding sites and/or improving the drug–protein target spectrum. Studies on natural electrophilic molecules have indicated that, in many instances, natural electrophiles use similar mechanisms to alter signaling pathways. However, natural reactive species are also endowed with other important mechanisms to hone signaling properties that are uncommon in drug design. These include ability to be active at low occupancy and elevated inhibitor kinetics. Herein, we discuss how we have begun to harness these properties in inhibitor design.
Can a self‐expanding pediatric stent expand with an artery? Relationship of stent design to vascular biology
Authors: Nia Nima V. , Fishbein Gregory A. , Levi Daniel S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesA large‐diameter, intravascular, self‐expanding stent system capable of continued expansion during somatic and vascular growth was modeled with finite element analysis (FEA), manufactured and tested in an animal model.BackgroundChildren can quickly outgrow intravascular stents. If a stent could expand after implantation in arteries this would be ideal for use in pediatric patients.MethodsComputer‐aided design and FEA were used to design and manufacture large‐diameter, self‐expanding nitinol stents with both high and low chronic outward force (COF). Four distinct stents with similar designs but with variable lengths and strut thicknesses were manufactured. Fourteen of these stents were implanted in the abdominal aortas or iliac arteries of four juvenile swine.ResultsAll animals survived without complication to their designated time points of harvest (90 or 180‐days), and all stents expanded to greater diameters than the adjacent non‐stented artery. Luminal diameter growth was 34–49% and 20–23% for stented and non‐stented segments, respectively. Histologic examination revealed variable degrees of the internal elastic lamina and/or medial disruption with a mean injury score ranging from 0.70 ± 0.56 to 1.23 ± 0.21 and low COF stents implanted in smaller arteries having a larger injury score. Inflammatory responses and stenosis formation were minimal and ranged from 0.50 ± 0.71 to 3.00 ± 0.00 and 5.52 ± 1.05% to 14.68 ± 9.12%, respectively. The stent's COF did not correlate with vessel expansion or vascular injury.ConclusionsSelf‐expanding stents can mirror and even exceed somatic growth. Although longer‐term testing is needed, it may be possible to custom tailor self‐expanding stents to expand after arterial implantation in pediatric patients.
Lorlatinib‐induced visual and auditory hallucinations: A case report
Authors: Hakamata Jun , Nakada Hideo , Muramatsu Hiroshi , Masuzawa Keita , Terai Hideki , Ikemura Shinnosuke , Fukunaga Koichi , Aomori Tohru 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLorlatinib can cause visual and auditory hallucinations. And, it is necessary to keep in mind that hallucinations can persist even after discontinuation in patients who develop hallucinations while receiving lorlatinib.
Colloidal processing and characterization of TiO2–MnO‐doped alumina/alumina slurries and tapes
Authors: Daniel Barros Marcelo , Hotza Dachamir , Janssen Rolf 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAqueous slurries of alumina doped with manganese and titanium oxides were developed. The powders and tapes were investigated by scanning electron (SEM) microscopy, X‐ray diffractometry (XRD), and thermal analyses (TG/DSC). The stability and rheology of colloidal suspensions of undoped and doped alumina suspensions were investigated. At neutral pH of 7, pure alumina and MnO–TiO2 dopant particles present positive and negative surface charges and are prone to heterocoagulation. Optimized colloidal processing through proper adjustment of parameters was achieved to reach particle stabilization. The surface charge of the oxide particles was negative, and the suspensions did not agglomerate at a pH of 7 and higher. Tapes were cast, dried, and burned out. The thermal analyses revealed the release of residual water and decomposition of short‐chain organics at temperatures under 215°C and of long‐chain additives over 300°C.