bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of nano‐curcumin supplementation on glycemic control, blood pressure, lipid profile, and insulin resistance in patients with the metabolic syndrome: A randomized, double‐blind clinical trial
Authors: Bateni Zohre , Rahimi Hamid Reza , Hedayati Mehdi , Afsharian Shila , Goudarzi Razieh , Sohrab Golbon 
Published: April 2021

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is one of the most important health hazards. Curcumin is extracted from Curcuma longa (turmeric), which can affect the components of MetS. To increase the oral bioavailability of curcumin, nano‐micelle curcumin is used instead of curcumin powder. In this randomized, double‐blind, controlled clinical trial, 50 patients with MetS were randomly assigned to two groups to receive either 80 mg/day nano‐curcumin (n = 25) or placebo (n = 25), for 12 weeks anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and biochemical factors—including fasting blood sugar (FBS), Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) for insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR), pancreatic β cell function (HOMA‐β) and lipid profile—were assessed at the baseline and the end of the study. Statistical analyses were done using SPSS software (Version 23). The analysis between the two groups has illustrated a significant reduction in the average change of triglyceride (TG) levels (−60.5 ± 121.7 vs. 13.1 ± 78.1 mg/dL; p < .05) and HOMA‐β (−5.7 ± 48.2 vs. −4.01 ± 16.9; p < .05). But there were no significant differences in anthropometric measurements, blood pressure and biochemical factors—including FBS, HbA1c, HOMA‐IR, HOMA‐β, and lipid profile variables include (total cholesterol, LDL‐C, and HDL‐C) at the end of the study. In conclusion, supplementation with nano‐micelle curcumin significantly improved serum TG in MetS patients.
Ultraprecision Imaging and Manipulation of Plasmonic Nanostructures by Integrated Nanoscopic Correction
Authors: Liu Yunbo , Zhang Zhijia , Park Younggeun , Lee Somin Eunice 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOptical manipulation and imaging of nano‐objects with nanometer precision is highly desirable for nanomaterial and biological studies due to inherent noninvasiveness. However, time constraints and current segregated experimental systems for nanoimaging and nanomanipulation limits real‐time super‐resolution imaging with spatially enhanced manipulation. Here, an integrated nanoscopic correction (iNC) method to enable multimodal nanomanipulation‐nanoimaging is reported. The iNC consists of a multimodal voltage‐tunable power modulator, polarization rotator, and polarizer. Using the iNC, plasmonic nano‐objects which are below the diffraction limit and which can be distinguished by direct observation without post processing are demonstrated. Furthermore, such direct observations with enhanced nanometer spatial stability and millisecond high speed are shown. Precise trapping and rapid rotation of gold nanorods with the iNC are demonstrated successfully. With non‐invasive post‐processing free nanoimaging and nanomanipulation, it is anticipated that the iNC will make contributions in the nanomaterial and biological sciences requiring precision optics.
Phylogenetics of Piresia (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) reveals unexpected generic relationships within Olyreae with taxonomic and biogeographic implications
Authors: de Carvalho Maria Luiza S. , de Jesus Izabela S.D. , Bezerra Hédina B. , Oliveira Iasmin Laiane C. , van den Berg Cássio , Schnadelbach Alessandra S. , Clark Lynn G. , Oliveira Reyjane P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPiresia, a Neotropical herbaceous bamboo genus (Poaceae, Olyreae) including six described species, has a disjunct geographic distribution involving the Caribbean and north/western South America and the northeastern Atlantic Forest in Brazil. Its phylogenetic relationships are poorly known, especially with respect to certain monotypic genera within Olyrinae, such as Reitzia, endemic to the Atlantic forest of southern/south Brazil, and Piresiella, endemic to Cuba. In order to examine the evolutionary history of Piresia, we analyzed 36 samples, including known and possible new species of the genus, as well as members of Reitzia, Piresiella and other genera of subtribes Olyrinae, Parianinae and Buergersiochloinae as the ingroup, and selected woody bamboos and Lolium (Pooideae) as the outgroups. Five regions of plastid and nuclear non‐coding DNA spacers (trnD‐trnT, trnS‐trnG, rpl32‐trnL, trnH‐psbA, ITS) were sequenced, and to estimate phylogenetic relationships, we used Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony considering the plastid regions (with and without gaps) and ITS separately. Surprisingly, Piresiella emerged as sister to the monotypic Buergersiochloa (Buergersiochloinae), endemic to New Guinea. Based on these results and morphological analysis, we discuss the implications for the biogeography of the herbaceous bamboos, formally transfer Ekmanochloa, Mniochloa and Piresiella to Buergersiochloinae, and provide an emended description of the subtribe. Three main lineages were recovered within Olyrinae, one of them comprising Piresia and Reitzia, with high support. Within this clade, the two main lineages are geographically distinct, and their evolutionary history seems to be complex and possibly related to adaptations to climatic conditions. We suggest new directions for future studies involving this clade, in order to better understand its evolutionary history and generic circumscription.
Dark holograms and gravitational waves
Authors: Bigazzi Francesco , Caddeo Alessio , Cotrone Aldo L. , Paredes Angel 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Spectra of stochastic gravitational waves (GW) generated in cosmological first-order phase transitions are computed within strongly correlated theories with a dual holographic description. The theories are mostly used as models of dark sectors. In particular, we consider the so-called Witten-Sakai-Sugimoto model, a SU(N) gauge theory coupled to different matter fields in both the fundamental and the adjoint representations. The model has a well-known top-down holographic dual description which allows us to perform reliable calculations in the strongly coupled regime. We consider the GW spectra from bubble collisions and sound waves arising from two different kinds of first-order phase transitions: a confinement/deconfinement one and a chiral symmetry breaking/restoration one. Depending on the model parameters, we find that the GW spectra may fall within the sensibility region of ground-based and space-based interferometers, as well as of Pulsar Timing Arrays. In the latter case, the signal could be compatible with the recent potential observation by NANOGrav. When the two phase transitions happen at different critical temperatures, characteristic spectra with double frequency peaks show up. Moreover, in this case we explicitly show how to correct the redshift factors appearing in the formulae for the GW power spectra to account for the fact that adiabatic expansion from the first transition to the present times cannot be assumed anymore.
AdS2 × S2 × CY2 solutions in Type IIB with 8 supersymmetries
Authors: Lozano Yolanda , Nunez Carlos , Ramirez Anayeli 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We present a new infinite family of Type IIB supergravity solutions preserving eight supercharges. The structure of the space is AdS2 × S2 × CY2 × S1 fibered over an interval. These solutions can be related through double analytical continuations with those recently constructed in [1]. Both types of solutions are however dual to very different superconformal quantum mechanics. We show that our solutions fit locally in the class of AdS2 × S2 × CY2 solutions fibered over a 2d Riemann surface Σ constructed by Chiodaroli, Gutperle and Krym, in the absence of D3 and D7 brane sources. We compare our solutions to the global solutions constructed by Chiodaroli, D’Hoker and Gutperle for Σ an annulus. We also construct a cohomogeneity-two family of solutions using non-Abelian T-duality. Finally, we relate the holographic central charge of our one dimensional system to a combination of electric and magnetic fluxes. We propose an extremisation principle for the central charge from a functional constructed out of the RR fluxes.
The great escape: tunneling out of microstate geometries
Authors: Bena Iosif , Eperon Felicity , Heidmann Pierre , Warner Nicholas P. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We compute the quasi-normal frequencies of scalars in asymptotically-flat microstate geometries that have the same charge as a D1-D5-P black hole, but whose long BTZ-like throat ends in a smooth cap. In general the wave equation is not separable, but we find a class of geometries in which the non-separable term is negligible and we can compute the quasi-normal frequencies using WKB methods. We argue that our results are a universal property of all microstate geometries with deeply-capped BTZ throats. These throats generate large redshifts, which lead to exceptionally-low-energy states with extremely long decay times, set by the central charge of the dual CFT to the power of twice the dimension of the operator dual to the mode. While these decay times are extremely long, we also argue that the energy decay is bounded, at large t, by (log(t))−2 and is comparable with the behavior of ultracompact stars, as one should expect for microstate geometries.
Decay amplitudes to three hadrons from finite-volume matrix elements
Authors: Hansen Maxwell T. , Romero-López Fernando , Sharpe Stephen R. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We derive relations between finite-volume matrix elements and infinite-volume decay amplitudes, for processes with three spinless, degenerate and either identical or non-identical particles in the final state. This generalizes the Lellouch-Lüscher relation for two-particle decays and provides a strategy for extracting three-hadron decay amplitudes using lattice QCD. Unlike for two particles, even in the simplest approximation, one must solve integral equations to obtain the physical decay amplitude, a consequence of the nontrivial finite-state interactions. We first derive the result in a simplified theory with three identical particles, and then present the generalizations needed to study phenomenologically relevant three-pion decays. The specific processes we discuss are the CP-violating K → 3π weak decay, the isospin-breaking η → 3π QCD transition, and the electromagnetic γ* → 3π amplitudes that enter the calculation of the hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to muonic g − 2.
Intraoperative Angiographie bei A.-carotis-Rekonstruktion – pathologische Befunde, Zuverlässigkeit und Bedeutung des Verfahrens
Authors: Dillner Jasmin , Meyer Frank , Halloul Zuhir , Görtler Michael 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel
Der Wert der intraoperativen Angiographie und deren Ad-hoc-Beurteilung im Hinblick auf operationstechnische Unzulänglichkeiten soll geprüft werden.

Methode
Insgesamt 523 konsekutive A.-cartotis-Thrombendarteriektomie(TEA)-Patienten mit intraoperativer Kontrollangiographie, postoperativer Duplexsonographie und retrospektiver Zweitbeurteilung der Angiographie wurden in die Auswertung einbezogen.

Ergebnisse
In der retrospektiven Zweitbeurteilung der Angiographie wurden 23 (4,4%) Verschlüsse oder hochgradige Stenosen der Arteria carotis communis (ACC) oder Arteria carotis interna (ACI) im Operationsbereich (12/2,3%) bzw. in der Abstrombahn (distale extrakranielle und intrakranielle ACI, A. cerebri media [ACM]) detektiert (11/2,1%), wohingegen bei der intraoperativen Ad-hoc-Beurteilung nur 13 (2,5%) derartige Pathologien beschrieben worden waren (7/1,3% im Operationsbereich, 6/1,1% in der Abstrombahn; p=0,002). Duplexsonographisch wurden postoperativ bei 50 von 505 untersuchten Patienten (10,1%) operationstechnische Unzulänglichkeiten lokal detektiert, was signifikant mehr war als in der Angiographie (p<0,001). In den meisten Fällen handelte es sich um nicht okkludierende/nicht hochgradig stenosierende Intima-Media-Ablösungen (19), Nahteinziehungen (13) und Kinkings/Kalibersprünge am distalen Patchende (14). Nahteinziehungen und Kinkings/Kalibersprünge waren mit einer linksseitigen TEA (adjustierte OR: 2,4; 95%-KI: 1,1‑5,1), einer Operation ohne Patch (adjustierte OR: 16,6; 95%-KI: 1,3–215,0) und der Verwendung eines Dacron- vs. Polytetrafluorethylen-Patch (adjustierte OR: 3,0; 95%-KI: 1,4–6,6) assoziiert.

Schlussfolgerung
Bei der Ad-hoc-Beurteilung der intraoperativen Kontrollangiographie kann eine nicht unerhebliche Zahl auch okkludierender und hochgradig stenosierender Pathologien übersehen werden (zur Detektion nicht okkludierender und nicht hochgradig stenosierender operativer Unzulänglichkeiten methodisch nicht geeignet – Ausweich: postoperative Duplexsonographie).
Topology optimization of multi-material structures with elastoplastic strain hardening model
Authors: Li Mengxiao , Deng Yu , Zhang Hexin , Wong Simon H. F. , Mohamed Ahmed , Zheng Yu , Gao Jiaxiang , Yuen Terry Y. P. , Dong Biqin , Kuang J. S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe paper presents a new multi-material topology optimization method with a novel adjoint sensitivity analysis that can accommodate not only multiple plasticity but also multiple hardening models for individual materials in composite structures. Based on the proposed method, an integrated framework is developed which details the nonlinear finite element analysis, sensitivity analysis and optimization procedure. The proposed method and framework are implemented and illustrated by three numerical examples presented in this paper. An in-depth analysis of the numerical results has revealed the significant impact of the selection of plasticity and hardening model on the results of topology.
Science knowledge and trust in medicine affect individuals’ behavior in pandemic crises
Authors: Sailer Michael , Stadler Matthias , Botes Elouise , Fischer Frank , Greiff Samuel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn pandemic crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals’ behavior has a strong impact on epidemiological processes. Compliance with prevention guidelines, such as social distancing, is critical to avoid further spreading an infectious disease or to slow down its spread. However, some individuals also or instead engage in panic behavior, such as hoarding. We investigate how education prepares individuals to respond adequately by modelling the path from seeking information about COVID-19 to eventual behavior. Based on a sample of N = 1182 adult Americans, gathered at the pandemic’s onset (March 2020), we conclude that science knowledge helps individuals convert information into coronavirus knowledge. This knowledge then helps individuals avoid panic behavior. Individuals lacking coronavirus knowledge and science knowledge still comply with prevention guidelines when they have a general trust in medicine. Individuals lacking knowledge still follow prevention guidelines when they trust in medicine. Facilitating science knowledge and trust in science through education and targeted public health messaging are likely to be of fundamental importance for bringing crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic under control.
Academic relationships between Hungarian professors and the Second Vienna Medical School
Authors: Szende Béla , Zalatnai Attila 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThis article discusses the impact of the ‘second’ Vienna Medical School, hallmarked by Karl Rokitansky, Joseph Skoda and Ferdinand Hebra, on the study and practice of medicine in Hungary. Six medical doctors’ lives and achievements are outlined, who formed a bridge between Vienna and Budapest through their studies and work. Four of them returned to Hungary and promoted the cause of medicine and medical education there. Lajos Arányi (1812–1877) founded in 1844 the Institute of Pathology at the University of Pest. János Balassa (1814–1868) took the Chair of the Surgical Department. Ignaz Philip Semmelweis (1818–1865), the ‘Saviour of Mothers’, received a position at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Vienna in 1846. Gustav Scheuthauer (1832–1894) became Arányi’s successor. Each of them continued to keep contact with their tutors in Vienna, especially with Karl Rokitansky, and followed the clinicopathological conception pioneered by the Vienna Medical School regarding diagnostics, treatment and prevention of diseases. Two physicians remained in Vienna: Mór Kaposi (1837–1902), who became known worldwide posthumously due to the connection between Kaposi’s sarcoma and AIDS, was the director of the Department of Dermatology of the Vienna University in 1878. Salomon Stricker (1837–1898) undertook the leadership of the Department of General and Experimental Pathology in 1872.
Different Susceptibility of T and B Cells to Cladribine Depends On Their Levels of Deoxycytidine Kinase Activity Linked to Activation Status
Authors: Carlini Federico , Ivaldi Federico , Gualandi Francesca , Boschert Ursula , Centonze Diego , Matarese Giuseppe , Salvetti Marco , Kerlero de Rosbo Nicole , Uccelli Antonio 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) and 5’ deoxynucleotidase (NT5C2) are involved in metabolism of cladribine (2CdA), the immunomodulatory drug for multiple sclerosis; by mediating phosphorylation (activation) or phosphorolysis (deactivation) of 2CdA, respectively, these enzymes promote or prevent its accumulation in the cell, which leads to cell death. In particular, lymphocytes which present with a high intracellular dCK/NT5C2 ratio are more sensitive to 2CdA than other immune cells. We aim at determining if the expression of these enzymes and/or their activity differ in specific progenitor and mature immune cells and are influenced by cellular activation and/or exposure to 2CdA. Flow cytometry analysis showed no difference in dCK/NT5C2 ratio in progenitor and mature immune cells. 2CdA induced apoptosis in stimulated T and B cells and unstimulated B cells. dCK expression was enhanced by 2CdA at mRNA and protein levels in activated T cells and mRNA level in activated B cells. dCK activity, measured through an in-house luminescence release enzyme assay was higher in activated T and B cells, and such an increase was abrogated in activated B cells, but not T cells, upon exposure to 2CdA. These results reveal an important relationship between dCK activity and the effect of 2CdA on B and T cells, according to their activation status. Further study is warranted to evaluate whether dCK activity could, in the future, be a suitable predictive biomarker of lymphocyte response to 2CdA.

Graphical Abstract
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Does Bariatric Surgery Improve Faecal Incontinence? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Mohamed Fardowsa , Jeram Megna , Coomarasamy Christin , Lauti Melanie , Wilson Don , MacCormick Andrew D. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Obesity increases the risk of pelvic floor disorders in individuals with obesity, including faecal incontinence. Faecal incontinence (FI) is a condition with important clinical and psychosocial consequences. Though it is associated with obesity, the effect of bariatric surgery on the prevalence and severity of FI is not well reported.

Objective
To assess the effect of bariatric surgery on the prevalence and severity of FI in adult patients with obesity.

Methods
This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement. Two independent reviewers performed a literature search in MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane and Embase from 1 January 1980 to 12 January 2019. We included published English-language randomized control trials and observational studies assessing pre- and post-bariatric surgery prevalence or severity of FI. Random-effects models with DerSimonian and Laird’s variance estimator were used for meta-analysis.

Results
Thirteen studies were included, eight assessing prevalence (678 patients) and 11 assessing severity of FI (992 patients). There was no significant difference in prevalence post-operatively overall, though it trended towards a reduction [pooled OR=0.55; =0.075]. There was a significant reduction of FI prevalence in women post-bariatric surgery [95% CI 0.22 to 0.94, p=0.034]. There was a statistically significant reduction in FI prevalence following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and one anastomosis gastric bypass [0.46, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.81; p=0.007]. There was no significant reduction of incontinence episodes post-operatively [pooled mean difference =−0.17, 95% CI −0.90 to 0.56; p=0.65]. Quality of life (QOL) was not significantly improved post-bariatric surgery [mean differences for the following facets of QOL: behaviour −0.35, 95% CI −0.94 to 0.24; depression 0.04, 95% CI −0.12 to 0.2; lifestyle −0.33, 95% CI −0.98 to 0.33; p values of 0.25, 0.61 and 0.33, respectively].

Discussion
There was a significant reduction in FI prevalence in women and those who underwent Roux-en-Y or one anastomosis gastric bypass. Our results for FI prevalence overall, FI severity and impact on quality of life were not statistically significant. Larger studies are needed in this under-researched area to determine the true effect of bariatric surgery on FI.

Graphical abstract
Cancer Treatment–Induced Bone Loss (CTIBL): State of the Art and Proper Management in Breast Cancer Patients on Endocrine Therapy
Authors: Diana Anna , Carlino Francesca , Giunta Emilio Francesco , Franzese Elisena , Guerrera Luigi Pio , Di Lauro Vincenzo , Ciardiello Fortunato , Daniele Bruno , Orditura Michele 
Published: April 2021

Opinion statementAbout 70–80% of early breast cancer (BC) patients receive adjuvant endocrine therapy (ET) for at least 5 years. ET includes in the majority of cases the use of aromatase inhibitors, as upfront or switch strategy, that lead to impaired bone health. Given the high incidence and also the high prevalence of BC, cancer treatment–induced bone loss (CTIBL) represents the most common long-term adverse event experimented by patients with hormone receptor positive tumours. CTIBL is responsible for osteoporosis occurrence and, as a consequence, fragility fractures that may negatively affect quality of life and survival expectancy. As recommended by main international guidelines, BC women on aromatase inhibitors should be carefully assessed for their fracture risk at baseline and periodically reassessed during adjuvant ET in order to early detect significant worsening in terms of bone health. Antiresorptive agents, together with adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D, should be administered in BC patients during all course of ET, especially in those at high risk of osteoporotic fractures, as calculated by tools available for clinicians. Bisphosphonates, such as zoledronate or pamidronate, and anti-RANKL antibody, denosumab, are the two classes of antiresorptive drugs used in clinical practice with similar efficacy in preventing bone loss induced by aromatase inhibitor therapy. The choice between them, in the absence of direct comparison, should be based on patients’ preference and compliance; the different safety profile is mainly related to the route of administration, although both types of drugs are manageable with due care, since most of the adverse events are predictable and preventable. Despite advances in management of CTIBL, several issues such as the optimal time of starting antiresorptive agents and the duration of treatment remain unanswered. Future clinical trials as well as increased awareness of bone health are needed to improve prevention, assessment and treatment of CTIBL in these long-term survivor patients.
On evidence fiascos and judgments in COVID-19 policy
Authors: Jukola Saana , Canali Stefano 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCalls for evidence-based approaches to COVID-19 have sparked up discussions on the use of evidence for policy. In this note, we expand these discussions: while the debate has mostly focused on the types of evidence to be used for policy, we argue that the assessment of judgments involved in data practices and evidence production should play a central role in evaluating policy.