bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persistence of inefficient HIV prevention interventions: a mixed-method analysis of the reasons why
Authors: McKay Virginia R , Tetteh Emmanuel K , Reid Miranda J , Ingaiza Lucy M , Combs Todd B 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that public health organizations continue to provide inefficient interventions even when better intervention options may be available. Factors informing an organization’s decision to continue providing inefficient interventions are unclear. We present an analysis of HIV service organizations to understand factors influencing organizations to continue or end interventions. Between 2017 and 2019, HIV service organizations were recruited from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) website gettested.org, in the 20 metropolitan areas with the highest HIV incidence. Organizations were eligible to participate if they had provided at least one of 37 HIV prevention interventions identified as inefficient by the CDC. 877 organizations were recruited, with a response rate of 66%, (n = 578). Thirty-eight percent (n = 213) of organizations met the eligibility criteria, and 188 organizations completed the survey asking about reasons for continuing or ending interventions. Funding status (41%, n = 79) and client demand for interventions (60%, n = 116) were reported as the primary driving factors why organizations continued ineffective interventions. Scientific evidence was a rarely reported reason for ending an inefficient intervention (12%, n = 23). Qualitative responses indicated interventions were continued if clients demanded interventions they found useful or if staff perceived interventions as improving client behavior and health outcomes. Conversely, interventions were ended if client demand or retention was low, not relevant to the target population or funding ended. The decision to continue or end inefficient interventions is influenced by a number of factors—most often by funding and client interest but not scientific evidence.
Investigation of itch in Parkinson disease
Authors: Sondrup Maria A. , Bjergen Cecilie , Gaarskjær Anne N. , Joseph Andrea , Lassen Rikke S. , Mamedov Shiran , Poulsen Maria B. , Radovanovic Tessa , Schacksen Cathrine S. , Thaarup Maja , Andersen Maria S. , Oppel Lorenz M. , Gazerani Parisa 
Published: May 2021

Introduction:
Sensory abnormalities (eg, pain) are common in Parkinson disease (PD) with a negative impact on quality of life. As itch is less studied in PD, and pain and itch partially share sensory pathways, we designed this study to identify the occurrence and pattern of spontaneous itch, and responsiveness to a surrogate itch model in PD.

Methods:
The study protocol was approved (N-20180079) and PD patients and their best matched controls were recruited. A questionnaire was used to collect general information on itch. Sensory alterations were determined by subjective ratings and mechanical sensitivity threshold before and after a standard histamine-dependent itch model on forearms. Itch and pain intensities were rated on visual and numerical rating scales, respectively. Dispersion of itch was drawn on arm charts. Presence and area of alloknesis and hyperknesis were determined. Group comparisons were performed in SPSS with a significant level of 0.05. Descriptive statistic was used for questionnaire’s analysis.

Results:
Patients (n=20; 68.10±7.91 y, F/M ratio: 8/12) and controls (n=20; 67.35±7.65 y, F/M ratio: 8/12) were examined. PD patients rated less physical and emotional descriptors, except for the stinging (P=0.028). No difference was found between the groups in histamine-provoked itch intensity (P=0.799) or the itchy area. A significantly larger area of hyperknesis was found in PD (P=0.011), but not for the area of alloknesis (P=0.221). Sex-related responses yielded only a tendency toward higher responses in female patients.

Discussion:
PD does not seem to influence perception of itch, neither spontaneous nor evoked itch, except for hyperknesis area, which was found significantly larger in PD patients following the application of histamine. This finding proposes a potential alteration in central processing of itch that needs further investigation and whether and how it is affected by, for example, PD pathogenesis.
Mental Health Status of Canadian Funeral Service Workers at the Beginning of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Durand-Moreau Quentin , Galarneau Jean-Michel 
Published: May 2021

Objective:
To describe the mental health situation and job stress levels of Funeral Service Workers (FSW) during the first months of the pandemic.

Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional study in Canada between May and July 2020. Funeral service professional organizations were asked to spread a questionnaire to their members including job description, assessment of anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-8), and job stress (effort-reward imbalance questionnaire).

Results:
Fifty-eight FSW completed a questionnaire, 32% reported anxiety symptoms (GAD-7 > 10), 29% reported depressive symptoms (PHQ-8 > 10), 31% reported job stress. Women were more likely to report overcommitment (66.7% vs. 31.8%, P = 0.015).

Conclusions:
Levels of anxiety and depression identified in Canadian FSW were higher than those identified in other occupational groups during the first few months of the pandemic.
Exposure to Chemical and Biological Agents at Work and Cardiovascular Disease in Brazil
Authors: Silva de Carvalho Thalyta Gleyane , Tavares Nayranne Hivina Carvalho , Bastos Maria Luiza Almeida , Rodrigues de Oliveira Bárbara Bruna , Araújo Larissa Fortunato , Ferreira Marcelo José Monteiro 
Published: May 2021

Objective:
Investigating the relationship between exposure to chemical and biological agents at work and the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases in a Brazilian national health survey.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study using the database of 36.442 participants from the Brazilian National Health Survey. Logistic Regression analysis was performed for multivariable models.

Results:
After adjustments for key confounders, we observed that those individuals exposed to chemical agents and biological materials at work had 62% (95% CI: 1.20; 2.20) and 66% (95% CI: 1.03; 2.65), respectively, higher odds of having cardiovascular disease compared to employed individuals who did not report exposure to biological materials/chemical agents at work.

Conclusion:
This study draws attention to the role of chemical and biological risks in the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases. In this sense, it is necessary developing systematic and intersectoral actions for Workers’ Health Surveillance to promote health and prevent chronic non-communicable diseases.
Impact of Advising on Total Worker Health Implementation
Authors: Tenney Liliana , Dexter Lynn , Shapiro David C. , Dally Miranda , Brown Carol E. , Schwatka Natalie V. , Huebschmann Amy G. , McMillen Jim , Newman Lee S. 
Published: May 2021

Objective:
Little is understood about the mechanisms for improving the adoption and implementation of Total Worker Health® (TWH) in workplace settings. The primary objective of this study was to identify whether the delivery of TWH advising is associated with subsequent changes in TWH in small-to-medium sized businesses.

Methods:
We conducted a longitudinal study of a TWH intervention in 200 organizations completing Health Links Healthy Workplace Assessments™ between October 2016 and December 2019. Organizations were offered consultation via telephonic and live web-based advising sessions.

Results:
Organizations exhibited non-significant albeit positive change in assessment scores from baseline to assessment 2. Businesses receiving advising showed significant score improvements from assessment 2 to 3, versus those without advising.

Conclusions:
TWH consultation may enhance adoption of organizational behaviors that promote worker health, safety, and well-being over time.
Job Stress and Cardiometabolic Lifestyle Modification Behaviors Among Workers in High-risk and Low-risk Workplaces
Authors: Jung Jiyeon , Choo Jina , Park Sooyeon , Moon Jihyun , Noh Songwhi 
Published: May 2021

Objective:
There is scarce evidence revealing an association between job stress and cardiometabolic lifestyle modification behaviors among workers.

Methods:
A cross-sectional, correlation study was conducted among workers in high-risk and low-risk workplaces by work characteristics.

Results:
Workers in high-risk workplaces had significantly higher job stress levels than low-risk workplaces. Higher job stress was significantly associated with lower cardiometabolic lifestyle modification behaviors (β = −0.14, P = .001). This significant association was evident only for high-risk workplaces in total job stress (β = −0.16, P = .001), including job demand (β = −0.16, P = .005) and job insecurity (β = −0.11, P = .026).

Conclusions:
Strategies for alleviating job stress should be prioritized to high-risk workplaces, and these efforts may concomitantly contribute to cardiometabolic risk reduction.
Clinical Case Complexity in Occupational Health
Authors: Lalloo Drushca , Gallagher John , Macdonald Ewan , McDonnell Conor 
Published: May 2021

Objectives:
Clinical case complexity is an inherent factor in occupational health (OH), yet it is poorly defined and understood. Our aim was to identify the multiple sources of complexity in OH and propose a conceptual complexity framework model for clinical OH practice.

Methods:
Through a scoping review, expert panel consensus, and content analysis of OH clinical case reports, we identified relevant complexity-contributing factors (CCFs) specifically tailored to the OH setting, which we defined and validated.

Results:
The proposed model consists of three primary domains (PDs); health factors, workplace factors and biopsychosocial factors. Twenty-seven CCFs are described and defined within these PDs.

Conclusions:
This work lays the foundation for improved understanding, identification, and assessment of complexity in OH. This is imperative for ensuring high quality clinical practice standards, identifying training needs and appropriate triaging/resource allocation.
Serum markers for predicting advanced fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Wang Qi , Xie Wen , Liu Ligai , Wang Peng , Pan Calvin Q. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
To compare the diagnostic utility of serum markers in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).
This study enrolled 118 consecutive biopsy-proven NAFLD patients with or without CHB. Fibrosis scores of each marker were compared against histological fibrosis staging. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis helped assess the accuracy of each marker.
In patients with both diseases, 12.96% (7/54) had advanced fibrosis on biopsy and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to platelet ratio index was the best performing marker for predicting advanced fibrosis. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and area under the ROC (95% confidence interval) for AST to platelet ratio index (APRI) were 0%, 93.62%, 0%, 86.27%, and 0.676 (0.524–0.828), respectively. The markers ranked as follows from highest to lowest with respect to their accuracy: APRI; BARD; fibrosis-4; and AST to ALT ratio. In patients without CHB, fibrosis-4 was the best performing marker for predicting advanced fibrosis. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and area under the ROC (95% confidence interval) for fibrosis-4 were 77.78%, 85.45%, 46.67%, 95.92%, and 0.862 (0.745–0.978), respectively.
Serum markers are less reliable in predicting advanced fibrosis in NAFLD patients with CHB; APRI is the most accurate predictor of the absence of advanced fibrosis.
Seasonal variation in incidence and outcomes of out of hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: El Sibai Rayan H. , Bachir Rana H. , El Sayed Mazen J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains a leading cause of mortality among adults in the United States. Environmental impact on incidence and outcomes of OHCA has not been fully investigated in recent years. Previous studies showed a possible increase in incidence and mortality in winter season and during seasons with temperature extremes. This study examines seasonal variation in incidence and outcomes of OHCA in the United States.
Retrospective study of adult OHCA using the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample was carried out. Monthly incidence rate per 100,000 ED presentations was calculated. Survival rates for each month of admission were examined by hospital region. Multivariate analyses were conducted to determine the effect of the season and month of admission on survival.
A total of 122,870 adult OHCA cases presented to emergency departments (EDs) in 2014 and were included. Average incidence of OHCA cases was 147 per 100,000 ED presentations. Overall survival rate in the study population was 5.6% (95% confidence intervals [CI] = 5.4%–5.9%). Patients had an average age of 65.5 (95% CI: 65.3–65.7) years and were mainly men (61.8%). Rates of OHCA presentations were highest during December and January (9.9% and 10.0%) while survival rates were lowest during December (4.6%) and highest in June (6.9%). Regional variation in OHCA outcomes was also noted with highest average survival rate in West (7.8%) and lowest in South (4.3%). After adjusting for confounders including region of hospital, Summer season (Ref: all other seasons), and more specifically month of June (Ref: all other months) were found to be positively associated with survival (OR 1.27, 95% CI [1.07–1.52], P-value = .008) and (OR 1.43, 95% CI [1.08–1.89], P-value = .012 respectively).
Incidence and outcomes of out of hospital cardiac arrest presentations to the emergency departments in the United States have seasonal variation. Both incidence and mortality of OHCA increase during colder months, and survival is significantly higher in summer season or in June. Exploring how to use this variation to improve outcomes through refresher training of medical providers or through other mitigation plans is needed.
Clinical study of herbal mixture “Diding Oral Medicine” as an alternative to preventative antibiotics in perioperative hemorrhoids
Authors: Gao Hengqing , Cheng Xiaohong , Liu Runping , Wang Xiaoqiang , Wang Wei , Gong Furao , Pan Renping , Hu Jing 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
To study the clinical effects of Diding Oral Medicine as an alternative to preventative antibiotics in perioperative hemorrhoids.
From August 2017 to February 2018, a total of 214 patients who were treated with external exfoliation and internal ligation of mixed hemorrhoids in our hospital were divided into the control group and experimental group by way of stratified random (107 cases in each group). Patients in the control group were given antibiotics preventatively before operation, while patients in the experimental group took Diding Oral Medicine before operation, and the white blood cell count, neutrophil count, wound recovery, pain score, anal bulge score, and pathogen culture of wound secretions were compared between the 2 groups.
There was no significant difference in white blood cell count and neutrophil count between both groups before and after operation (P > .05). The wound seepage score, wound edema score, and wound area score in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group, and the wound healing in the experimental group was shorter than that in the control group (all P < .05). The pain score and anal bulge score of the experimental group were decreased significantly compared to the control group (P < .05). In addition, the detection rate of pathogenic bacteria in the experimental group was downregulated significantly compared to the control group (P < .05).
The Diding Oral Medicine has prominent bacteriostatic and antibacterial effects on patients with hemorrhoids during perioperative period, and promotes wound healing, reduces pain stress, and anal bulge.
Clinical implication of homocysteine in premature acute coronary syndrome female patients
Authors: Zhao Yunfeng , Zhang Jun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is a risk factor for the presence of atherosclerotic vascular disease and hypercoagulability states, which is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events in cardiovascular disease patients. Whereas the role of Hcy in premature acute coronary syndrome (ACS) female patients is still obscure. Hence, we aimed to explore the relationship of Hcy with clinical features, and more importantly, to probe its predictive value for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) risk in premature ACS female patients.
By retrospectively reviewing the medical charts of 1441 premature ACS female patients, we collected patients’ Hcy level (at diagnosis) and other clinical data. According to the follow-up records, the accumulating MACE occurrence was calculated.
Hcy presented with a skewed distribution with median value 11.3 μmol/L (range: 4.4–64.0 μmol/L, inter quartile: 9.2–14.1 μmol/L). Hcy was associated with older age, heavy body mass index, dysregulated liver/renal/cardiac indexes, hypertension history, and old myocardial infarction history. The 1-year, 3-year, 5-year MACE incidence was 2.9%, 10.7%, and 12.6%, respectively. Interestingly, Hcy was increased in 1-year MACE patients compared with 1-year non-MACE patients, in 3-year MACE patients compared with 3-year non-MACE patients, in 5-year MACE patients compared with 5-year non-MACE patients, and it had a good value for predicting 1-year/3-year/5-year MACE risk. Furthermore, Hcy was also correlated with increased accumulating MACE occurrence.
Hcy associates with increased age and body mass index, dysregulated liver, renal, and cardiac indexes; more interestingly, it predicts increased MACE risk in premature ACS female patients.
Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy in a patient with aberrant splenic artery originating from the superior mesenteric artery
Authors: Ishida Hiroyuki , Ishikawa Yoshiya , Akahoshi Keiichi , Ueda Hiroki , Morimoto Koichiro , Yamashita Hironari , Ogawa Kosuke , Ono Hiroaki , Kudo Atsushi , Tanaka Shinji , Tanabe Minoru 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Splenic artery originating from the superior mesenteric artery is extremely rare. Because of this, its significance in laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy has never been reported. Here, we present the first case of laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy in a patient with a splenic artery arising from the superior mesenteric artery.

Patient concerns:
A 46-year-old Japanese woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus presented with worsening glycemic control. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a pancreatic tail mass.

Diagnoses:
The patient was diagnosed with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration. Preoperative computed tomography showed that the splenic artery with branches of dorsal pancreatic artery originated from the superior mesenteric artery.

Interventions:
The patient underwent laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy. Prior to pancreatectomy, the splenic artery and its dorsal pancreatic branches were clamped using the superior and inferior approaches, respectively, to avoid bleeding and congestion.

Outcomes:
The postoperative course was uneventful.

Lessons:
Preoperative evaluation of anatomical variants and development of strategies are important to avoid intraoperative complications in pancreatic surgery. Our results revealed that laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy can be performed safely by strategic approach even in a patient with a rare aberrant splenic artery.
Clinical characterization of benign enterovirus infection in neonates
Authors: Chen Wenwen , Dai Shuzhen , Xu Liping 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Enteroviruses is a group of positive single-stranded RNA viruses ubiquitous in the environment, which is a causative agent of epidemic diseases in children and infants. But data on neonates are still limited. The present study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of enterovirus infection in neonates and arise the awareness of this disease to general public.
Between March 2018 and September 2019, data from all of the neonates diagnosed with enterovirus infection were collected and analyzed from neonatal intensive care unit of Zhangzhou Hospital in Fujian, China.
A total of 23 neonates were enrolled. All of them presented with fever (100%), and some with rashes (39.1%). The incidence of aseptic meningitis was high (91.3%), but only a small proportion (28.6%) presented with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leukocytosis. The positive value for nucleic acid detection in CSF was significantly higher than throat swab (91.3% vs 43.5%, P = .007). Five of the infected neonates presented with aseptic meningitis (23.8%) underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging examination and no craniocerebral injuries were found. Subsequent follow-ups were performed in 15 of them (71.4%) and no neurological sequelae was found.
Aseptic meningitis is a common type of enterovirus infection in neonates with a benign course. Nucleic acid detection of CSF has an important diagnostic value. Febrile neonates would be suggested to screen for enterovirus infection in addition to complete septic workup. An unnecessary initiation or earlier cessation of antibiotics could be considered in enterovirus infection, but that indications still need further studies to guarantee the safety.
Association between Toll-like receptor gene polymorphisms and risk of Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Ma Xiaocong , Lu Liying , Tang Yan , Luo Weisheng , Li Jianxiang , Tang Meiwen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background:
There were many case-control studies performed the association between TLRs gene polymorphisms and the correlation of Helicobactor pylori infection, these results were inconformity. Therefore, a comprehensive meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the TLRs gene polymorphism and susceptibility to
H. pylori
infection.

Methods:
Eligible studies were searched from PubMed, EMBASE, Web of science, Cochrane library, CNKI, CBM, Wan Fang Database and VIP Database, all the databases were searched from inception to December 2020. OR with the corresponding 95% CI were presented as associations between certain TLR gene polymorphism and the risk of
H. pylori
infection, all the included data will be analyzed with the software of Review Manager 5.2 and STATA 14.2.

Results:
This study will provide a high-quality evidence to find the TLR gene polymorphisms with
H. pylori
infection susceptibility.

Conclusion:
This study will explore which TLR genotype increase the risk of
H. pylori
infection.
Laparoscopic lumbar artery ligation of type II endoleaks following endovascular aneurysm repair
Authors: Chung Byeoung Hoon , Yu Hee Chul , Yang Jae Do , Lee Mi Rin , Lee Min Ro , Hwang Hong Pil 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
Although the clinical significance of type II endoleaks remain controversial, management strategies continue to expand. The laparoscopic approach is a minimally invasive method for persistent type II endoleak repair after endovascular aneurysm repair.

Patient concerns:
A 70 - year - old male patient with a history of endovascular aneurysm repair with left internal iliac artery embolization presented with persistent type II endoleak from the lumbar arteries 2 years ago. The aneurysm sac size had increased more than 10 mm during follow up period.

Diagnosis:
Persistent type II endoleak after endovascular aneurysm repair.

Interventions:
Transarterial embolization was attempted and failed. A minimally invasive laparoscopic lumbar artery ligation was then utilized.

Outcomes:
The patient was discharged without any complications after surgery. Follow-up computed tomography angiography has shown the complete disappearance of the type II endoleaks.

Conclusions:
Laparoscopic lumbar artery ligation may be a safe and effective alternative treatment for type II endoleaks, especially in high resource settings.