bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A survey-based analysis of the public’s willingness for disaster relief in China
Authors: Hu Zewen , Zhang Xiaocai , Cui Jingjing , Zhang Lijie , Ahmed Wasim 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMeteorological disasters frequently occur in China and around the world. These natural hazards can cause huge economic losses and threaten the personal safety of citizens. The public’s willingness to engage with disaster relief efforts and the degree of participation is critical to reduce the impact of such disasters. This study conducted a survey with 62,903 respondents from China. The study utilized statistical analysis and correlation analysis in order to understand the differences and similarities of the public’s willingness to take part in disaster relief across gender and age. The study found that: (1) the public’s awareness of insurance and willingness to make donations during climate disasters is low, and that more than half of the public are only willing to insure for very less money; (2) although the public has very high enthusiasm to participate in disaster relief, they are less willing to learn the basic skills of reducing disasters and for participating in training for disaster reduction as volunteers. This was especially the case for elderly citizens and females; (3) the willingness of the public to prevent and reduce disasters is high, and this was the case across various gender and age groups. Finally, the study puts forward several measures to improve the uptake of disaster relief and disaster prevention among citizens.
Reconsidering the Dispositional Essentialist Canon
Authors: Kimpton-Nye Samuel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDispositional Essentialism is a unified anti-Humean account of the metaphysics of low-level physical properties and laws of nature. In this paper, I articulate the view that I label Canonical Dispositional Essentialism (CDE), which comprises a structuralist metaphysics of properties and an account of laws as relations in the property structure. I then present an alternative anti-Humean account of properties and laws (still somewhat in the dispositional essentialist spirit). This account rejects CDE’s structuralist metaphysics of properties in favour of a view of properties as qualitative grounds of dispositions and it rejects CDE’s view of laws as relations in favour of a view of laws as features of an efficient description of possible property distributions. I then defend this view over CDE on the grounds that it can overcome an explanatory shortcoming of CDE and that it achieves a level of continuity with science that CDE fails to achieve. The upshot of this paper is a significant narrowing of the range of possibilities in which the absolutely best unified account of laws and properties resides.
The measurement performance of the EQ-5D-5L versus EQ-5D-3L in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Bató Alex , Brodszky Valentin , Gergely L. Hunor , Gáspár Krisztián , Wikonkál Norbert , Kinyó Ágnes , Szabó Ákos , Beretzky Zsuzsanna , Szegedi Andrea , Remenyik Éva , Kiss Norbert , Sárdy Miklós , Rencz Fanni 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects up to 1% of the population in Europe. The EQ-5D is the most commonly used generic instrument for measuring health-related quality of life among HS patients. This study aims to compare the measurement properties of the two adult versions of EQ-5D (EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L) in patients with HS.

Methods
We recruited 200 consecutive patients with HS (mean age 37 years, 38% severe or very severe HS) to participate in a multicentre cross-sectional survey. Patients completed the EQ-5D-3L, EQ-5D-5L, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and Skindex-16 questionnaires.

Results
More than twice as many different health state profiles occurred in the EQ-5D-5L compared to the EQ-5D-3L (101 vs. 43). A significant reduction in ceiling effect was found for the mobility, self-care and usual activities dimensions. A good agreement was established between the EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.872 (95% CI 0.830–0.903; p < 0.001) that was confirmed by a Bland-Altman plot. EQ-5D-5L improved both the absolute and relative informativity in all dimensions except for anxiety/depression. EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L demonstrated similar convergent validity with DLQI and Skindex-16. EQ-5D-5L was able to better discriminate between known groups of patients based on the number of comorbidities and disease severity (HS-Physician's Global Assessment).

Conclusion
In patients with HS, the EQ-5D-5L outperformed the EQ-5D-3L in feasibility, ceiling effects, informativity and known-groups validity for many important clinical characteristics. We recommend using the EQ-5D-5L in HS patients across various settings, including clinical care, research and economic evaluations.
Mutations of Human DopamineTransporter at Tyrosine88, Aspartic Acid206, and Histidine547 Influence Basal and HIV-1 Tat‐inhibited Dopamine Transport
Authors: Quizon Pamela M. , Yuan Yaxia , Zhu Yike , Zhou Yi , Strauss Matthew J. , Sun Wei-Lun , Zhan Chang-Guo , Zhu Jun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHIV-1 transactivator of transcription (Tat) has a great impact on the development of HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders through disrupting dopamine transmission. This study determined the mutational effects of human dopamine transporter (hDAT) on basal and Tat-induced inhibition of dopamine transport. Compared to wild-type hDAT, the maximal velocity (Vmax) of [3H]dopamine uptake was decreased in D381L and Y88F/D206L/H547A, increased in D206L/H547A, and unaltered in D206L. Recombinant TatR1 − 86 inhibited dopamine uptake in wild-type hDAT, which was attenuated in either DAT mutants (D206L, D206L/H547A, and Y88F/D206L/H547A) or mutated TatR1 − 86 (K19A and C22G), demonstrating perturbed Tat-DAT interaction. Mutational effects of hDAT on the transporter conformation were evidenced by attenuation of zinc-induced increased [3H]WIN35,428 binding in D206L/H547A and Y88F/D206A/H547A and enhanced basal MPP+ efflux in D206L/H547A. H547A-induced outward-open transport conformational state was further validated by enhanced accessibility to MTSET ([2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl]-methanethiosulfonate) of an inserted cysteine (I159C) on a hDAT background.. Furthermore, H547A displayed an increase in palmitoylation inhibitor-induced inhibition of dopamine uptake relative to wide-type hDAT, indicating a change in basal palmitoylation in H547A. These results demonstrate that Y88F, D206L, and H547A attenuate Tat inhibition while preserving DA uptake, providing insights into identifying targets for improving DAT-mediated dopaminergic dysregulation.
Graphical Abstract
HIV-1 Tat inhibits dopamine uptake through human dopamine transporter (hDAT) on the presynaptic terminal through a direct allosteric interaction. Key hDAT residues D-H547, D-Y88, and D-D206 are predicted to be involved in the HIV-1 Tat-DAT binding. Mutating these residues attenuates this inhibitory effect by disrupting the Tat-hDAT interaction
Large-scale integration of offshore wind into the Japanese power grid
Authors: Komiyama Ryoichi , Fujii Yasumasa 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOffshore wind power attracts intensive attention for decarbonizing power supply in Japan, because Japan has 1600 GW of offshore wind potential in contrast with 300 GW of onshore wind. Offshore wind availability in Japan, however, is significantly constrained by seacoast geography where very deep ocean is close to its coastal line, and eventually, nearly 80% of offshore wind resource is found in an ocean depth deeper than 50 m. Therefore, power system planning should consider both the location of available offshore wind resource and the constraint of power grid integration. This paper analyzes the impact of power grid integration of renewable resources including offshore wind power by considering the detailed location of offshore wind resource and the detailed topology of power grid. The study is performed by an optimal power generation mix model, highlighted by detailed spatial resolution derived from 383 nodes and 472 bulk power transmission lines with hourly temporal resolution through a year. The model identifies the optimal integration of power generation from variable renewables, including offshore wind, given those predetermined capacities. The results imply that, together with extensive solar PV integration, total 33 GW of offshore wind, composed of 20 GW of fixed foundation offshore wind and 13 GW of floating offshore wind could contribute to achieve 50% of renewable penetration in the power supply of Japan, and that scale of offshore wind integration provides a technically feasible picture of large-scale renewable integration in the Japanese power sector.
Patients with rare endocrine conditions have corresponding views on unmet needs in clinical research
Authors:   on behalf of Research and Science Work Package of Endo-ERN, de Graaf Johan P. , de Vries Friso , Dirkson Anne , Hiort Olaf , Pereira Alberto M. , Korbonits Márta , Cools Martine 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
European Reference Network on Rare Endocrine Conditions' (Endo-ERN) mission is to reduce and ultimately abolish inequalities in care for patients with rare endocrine conditions in Europe. This study assesses which themes related to rare endocrine conditions are prioritized by patients for clinical research.

Methods
A survey was developed, translated into 22 different European languages, and distributed to patients with rare endocrine conditions. Patients were asked to give priority scores to listed prespecified topics: fertility, heritability, tiredness, daily medicine intake, sleep quality, physical discomfort, and ability to work, partake in social life, and sports. They were also asked to suggest further important areas for research in open fields.

Results
After data cleaning, 1378 survey responses were analyzed. Most responses were received from Northern (47%) and Western Europeans (39%), while Southern (11%) and Eastern Europe (2%) were underrepresented. Respondents were most interested in research concerning ability to participate in social life and work. Patients suggested key areas to work: long-term side effects of medical treatments and quality of life. Some priorities differed between disease groups, both for prespecified and open topics and reflected aspects of patients’ individual conditions.

Conclusions
With this large survey, Endo-ERN gained insight into patients’ unmet needs in scientific research. Patients prioritized research on ability to work and participation in social activities, though needs differ between the disease groups. Clinical experts should incorporate the results of this survey into the design of future studies on rare endocrine conditions. We aim to utilize these results in designing patient-reported outcome measures for the disease areas covered by Endo-ERN.
Rearrangement of Actin Cytoskeleton by Zika Virus Infection Facilitates Blood–Testis Barrier Hyperpermeability
Authors: Nie Yiwen , Hui Lixia , Guo Moujian , Yang Wei , Huang Rui , Chen Junsen , Wen Xinyue , Zhao Meng , Wu Ying 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn recent years, various serious diseases caused by Zika virus (ZIKV) have made it impossible to be ignored. Confirmed existence of ZIKV in semen and sexually transmission of ZIKV suggested that it can break the blood–testis barrier (BTB), or Sertoli cell barrier (SCB). However, little is known about the underlying mechanism. In this study, interaction between actin, an important component of the SCB, and ZIKV envelope (E) protein domain III (EDIII) was inferred from co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis. Confocal microscopy confirmed the role of actin filaments (F-actin) in ZIKV infection, during which part of the stress fibers, the bundles that constituted by paralleled actin filaments, were disrupted and presented in the cell periphery. Colocalization of E and reorganized actin filaments in the cell periphery of transfected Sertoli cells suggests a participation of ZIKV E protein in ZIKV-induced F-actin rearrangement. Perturbation of F-actin by cytochalasin D (CytoD) or Jasplakinolide (Jas) enhanced the infection of ZIKV. More importantly, the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) of an in vitro mouse SCB (mSCB) model declined with the progression of ZIKV infection or overexpression of E protein. Co-IP and confocal microscopy analyses revealed that the interaction between F-actin and tight junction protein ZO-1 was reduced after ZIKV infection or E protein overexpression, highlighting the role of E protein in ZIKV-induced disruption of the BTB. We conclude that the interaction between ZIKV E and F-actin leads to the reorganization of F-actin network, thereby compromising BTB integrity.
Impact of wheel rotation on the aerodynamic drag of a time trial cyclist
Authors: Malizia Fabio , van Druenen T. , Blocken B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAerodynamic drag is the main resistive force in cycling at high speeds and on flat terrain. In wind tunnel tests or computational fluid dynamics simulations, the aerodynamic drag of cycling wheels is often investigated isolated from the rest of the bicycle, and sometimes in static rather than rotating conditions. It is not yet clear how these testing and simulating conditions influence the wheel aerodynamic performance and how the inclusion of wheel rotation influences the overall measured or computed cyclist drag. This study presents computational fluid dynamics simulations, validated with wind tunnel tests, that indicate that an isolated static spoked front wheel has a 2.2% larger drag area than the same wheel when rotating, and that a non-isolated static spoked front wheel has a 7.1% larger drag area than its rotating counterpart. However, rotating wheels are also subjected to the rotational moment, which increases the total power required to rotate and translate the wheel compared to static conditions where only translation is considered. The interaction with the bicycle frame and forks lowers the drag area of the front wheel by 8.8% for static and by 12.9% for the rotating condition, compared to the drag area of the isolated wheels. A different flow behavior is also found for static versus rotating wheels: large low-pressure regions develop from the hub for rotating wheels, together with a lower streamwise velocity region inside the circumference of the wheel compared to static wheels. The results are intended to help in the selection of testing/simulating methodologies for cycling spoked wheels.
Eutrophication: Early warning signals, ecosystem-level and societal responses, and ways forward
Authors: Bonsdorff Erik 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEutrophication, i.e. nutrient over-enrichment, has been a topic for academic and societal debate for the past five decades both on land and in aquatic systems fed by nutrients as diffuse loading from agricultural lands and as wastewater from industrial and municipal point-sources. The use of nutrients (primarily nitrogen and phosphorus) in excess became a problem with the onset of large-scale production and use of artificial fertilizers after World War II, and the effects on the aquatic environment became obvious some two to three decades later. In this Perspective, four seminal papers on eutrophication are discussed in light of the current knowledge of the problem, including future perspectives and outlooks in the light of global climate change and the demand for science-based holistic ecosystem-level policies and management options.
Defect detection in freight railcar tapered-roller bearings using vibration techniques
Authors: Tarawneh Constantine , Montalvo Joseph , Wilson Brent 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCurrently, there are two types of defect detection systems used to monitor the health of freight railcar bearings in service: wayside hot-box detection systems and trackside acoustic detection systems. These systems have proven to be inefficient in accurately determining bearing health, especially in the early stages of defect development. To that end, a prototype onboard bearing condition monitoring system has been developed and validated through extensive laboratory testing and a designated field test in 2015 at the Transportation Technology Center, Inc. in Pueblo, CO. The devised system can accurately and reliably characterize the health of bearings based on developed vibration thresholds and can identify defective tapered-roller bearing components with defect areas smaller than 12.9 cm2 while in service.
Current Perspectives and Concerns Facing Hospital Evacuation: The Results of a Pilot Study and Literature Review
Authors: Khorram-Manesh Amir , Phattharapornjaroen Phatthranit , Mortelmans Luc J , Goniewicz Krzysztof , Verheul Marlous , Sörensen Jarle L , Pereira Irene , Ricklin Meret E , Faccincani Roberto , Dark Paul M , Carlström Eric , Ahmadi Marzaleh Milad , Peyravi Mahmoud Reza , Al Sultan Mohammed , Santamaria Emelia , Comandante John David , Burkle Frederick 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjective:To analyze the evacuation preparedness of hospitals within the European Union (EU).Method:This study consisted of 2 steps. In the first step, a systematic review of the subject matter, according to the PRISMA flow diagram, was performed. Using Scopus (Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands), PubMed (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD), and Gothenburg University´s search engine, 11 questions were extracted from the review and were sent to representatives from 15 European Union (EU)- and non-EU countries.Results:The findings indicate that there is neither a full preparedness nor a standard guideline for evacuation within the EU or other non-EU countries in this study. A major shortcoming revealed by this study is the lack of awareness of the untoward consequences of medical decision-making during an evacuation. Some countries did not respond to the questions due to the lack of relevant guidelines, instructions, or time.Conclusion:Hospitals are exposed to internal and external incidents and require an adequate evacuation plan. Despite many publications, reports, and conclusions on successful and unsuccessful evacuation, there is still no common guide for evacuation, and many hospitals lack the proper preparedness. There is a need for a multinational collaboration, specifically within the EU, to establish such an evacuation planning or guideline to be used mutually within the union and the international community.
IS THERE A LATIN AMERICAN AGRICULTURAL GROWTH PATTERN? FACTOR ENDOWMENTS AND PRODUCTIVITY IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY
Authors: Martín-Retortillo Miguel , Pinilla Vicente , Velazco Jackeline , Willebald Henry 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTIn this article, we discuss whether there was a single Latin American pattern of agricultural growth between 1950 and 2008. We analyse the sources of growth of agricultural production and productivity in ten Latin American countries. Our results show that the differences between these countries are too large to establish a single pattern for this region. However, certain common trends may be observed, such as the growing importance of labour productivity as a component of agricultural production growth and the increasing relevance of total factor productivity as a component of agricultural labour productivity growth.
Does the maturation of early sleep patterns predict language ability at school entry? A Born in Bradford study
Authors: KNOWLAND Victoria C. P. , BERENS Sam , GASKELL M. Gareth , WALKER Sarah A. , HENDERSON Lisa-Marie 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Children's vocabulary ability at school entry is highly variable and predictive of later language and literacy outcomes. Sleep is potentially useful in understanding and explaining that variability, with sleep patterns being predictive of global trajectories of language acquisition. Here, we looked to replicate and extend these findings. Data from 354 children (without English as an additional language) in the Born in Bradford study were analysed, describing the mean intercepts and linear trends in parent-reported day-time and night-time sleep duration over five time points between 6 and 36 months-of-age. The mean difference between night-time and day-time sleep was predictive of receptive vocabulary at age five, with more night-time sleep relative to day-time sleep predicting better language. An exploratory analysis suggested that socioeconomic status was predictive of vocabulary outcomes, with sleep patterns partially mediating this relationship. We suggest that the consolidation of sleep patterns acts as a driver of early language development.
Contrasting lexical biases in bilingual English–Mandarin speech: Verb-biased mothers, but noun-biased toddlers
Authors: SETOH Peipei , CHENG Michelle , BORNSTEIN Marc H. , ESPOSITO Gianluca 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIs noun dominance in early lexical acquisition a widespread or a language-specific phenomenon? Thirty Singaporean bilingual English–Mandarin learning toddlers and their mothers were observed in a mother-child play interaction. For both English and Mandarin, toddlers’ speech and reported vocabulary contained more nouns than verbs across book reading and toy playing. In contrast, their mothers’ speech contained more verbs than nouns in both English and Mandarin but differed depending on the context of the interaction. Although toddlers demonstrated a noun bias for both languages, the noun bias was more pronounced in English than in Mandarin. Together, these findings support early noun dominance as a widespread phenomenon in the lexical acquisition debate but also provide evidence that language specificity also plays a minor role in children's early lexical development.
A comparative study on temperature and water potential thresholds for the germination ofBetula pendulaand two Mediterranean endemic birches,Betula aetnensisandBetula fontqueri
Authors: Ranno V. , Blandino C. , Giusso del Galdo G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe influence of temperature and water availability on seed germination can vary across the geographic range of species with a large distribution.Betula pendulais a widely spread European tree that has differentiated into two narrowly distributed taxa, endemic to Mediterranean mountains:Betula aetnensisin Sicily andB. fontqueriin Spain and Morocco. We tested the hypothesis that the regeneration niche, expressed by temperature and water potential thresholds, varies across these species and is influenced by the local climate. Seeds were collected from six populations ofB. pendula, one ofB. fontqueriand two ofB. aetnensis. Germination tests were conducted between 5 and 30°C. The thermal thresholds were calculated before and after cold stratification. The osmotic potential tested ranged from 0 to −1.5 MPa. Time to reach 30 and 50% of germination was calculated by fitting non-linear models. Germination was promoted by high temperatures, but the response to stratification was heterogeneous.Tband Ψbdiffered between and within species.Tbranged between 2.22 and 8.94°C for unstratified seeds. Mediterranean species had higher drought tolerance, whileB. pendulashowed contrasting responses to low water potential. Ψbreached a minimum value of −1.15 MPa inB. fontqueri. High temperatures influenced theTbof unstratified seeds negatively, while, after stratification, theTbincreased with precipitation in the driest month. The heterogeneity observed could reflect higher genetic variability in marginal populations of silver birch. Knowledge of their germination ecology may be useful to mitigate future impacts of climate change on core populations ofB. pendula.