bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis E virus prevalence among blood donors in Dali, China
Authors: Fu Ping , Lin Baochai , Wu Bingting , Ke Ling , Yang Tianfu , Du Yue’e , Cheng Lishan , Li Zhou , Li Tiancheng , Liu Yu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a nonenveloped RNA virus causing hepatitis E worldwide. The increase in transfusion-transmitted cases of HEV infections from asymptomatic blood donors causing serious illnesses among immunosuppressed recipients has been reported in the past few years. China is one of the most prevalent regions of HEV; as a result, it is important to evaluate the risk of transfusion-transmitted HEV.

Methods
A total of 1864 serum samples (including demographic characteristics) from blood donors were randomly collected from February to March 2018 in Dali city. Anti-HEV IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies and HEV antigen were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). HEV RNA was detected by real-time PCR. Multivariable logistic regression modelling was used to examine the risk factors associated with HEV prevalence.

Results
Overall, the positive rates of anti-HEV IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies were 13.36% (249/1864), 1.13% (21/1864), and 1.82% (34/1864), respectively. However, none of the 1864 serum samples were HEV antigen positive or HEV RNA positive. Females (16.69%) had a significantly higher HEV seroprevalence than males (13.04%) (odds ratio [OR] 1.34 [95% CI, 1.02–1.75]). Bai (18.85%) donors had a significantly higher HEV seroprevalence than Han (12.21%) blood donors (odds ratio [OR], 1.65 [95% CI, 1.24–2.19] for Bai).

Conclusions
HEV showed a seroprevalence among blood donors in Yunnan Province, some of which were even recent infections, indicating a threat to the safety of blood transfusions. Whether to formulate a strategy for HEV screening in blood centres needs further research.
The mystery of claustral neural circuits and recent updates on its role in neurodegenerative pathology
Authors: Nikolenko Vladimir N. , Rizaeva Negoriya A. , Beeraka Narasimha M. , Oganesyan Marine V. , Kudryashova Valentina A. , Dubovets Alexandra A. , Borminskaya Irina D. , Bulygin Kirill V. , Sinelnikov Mikhail Y. , Aliev Gjumrakch 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction
The claustrum is a structure involved in formation of several cortical and subcortical neural microcircuits which may be involved in such functions as conscious sensations and rewarding behavior. The claustrum is regarded as a multi-modal information processing network. Pathology of the claustrum is seen in certain neurological disorders. To date, there are not enough comprehensive studies that contain accurate information regarding involvement of the claustrum in development of neurological disorders.

Objective
Our review aims to provide an update on claustrum anatomy, ontogenesis, cytoarchitecture, neural networks and their functional relation to the incidence of neurological diseases.

Materials and methods
A literature review was conducted using the Google Scholar, PubMed, NCBI MedLine, and eLibrary databases.

Results
Despite new methods that have made it possible to study the claustrum at the molecular, genetic and epigenetic levels, its functions and connectivity are still poorly understood. The anatomical location, relatively uniform cytoarchitecture, and vast network of connections suggest a divergent role of the claustrum in integration and processing of input information and formation of coherent perceptions. Several studies have shown changes in the appearance, structure and volume of the claustrum in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), autism, schizophrenia, and depressive disorders. Taking into account the structure, ontogenesis, and functions of the claustrum, this literature review offers insight into understanding the crucial role of this structure in brain function and behavior.
Compliance with the ISO 27020:2019 norm of a sample of currently available preadjusted Orthodontic bracket systems. Are the actual dimensions as expected?
Authors: Bernés Martínez Laura , Garcovich Daniele , España Pamplona Pilar , Adobes Martín Milagros Adobes , Alvarado Lorenzo Alfonso 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Determine the exact slot dimension of a sample of a MBT prescription stainless steel conventional brackets from different manufacturers to compare the actual values with the nominal ones declared by the manufacturers and to verify the compliance with tolerance limits given by the ISO 27020:2019. Different batches from each manufacturer were evaluated to determine whether or not they are different in size. In addition, the geometry of the slot walls was assessed.

Methods
360 stainless steel preadjusted orthodontic brackets of 12 different manufacturers were assessed. All brackets had a nominal slot size of 0.022 by 0.028 inches, belonged to the right upper central incisor, and were fabricated with the metal injection molding technique (MIM). For each manufacturer, three different manufacturing batches were evaluated. Brackets were coded using a single-blind design.

Results
All bracket systems in the study group except one displayed a statistically significant difference with the nominal declared value, although only four of the systems did not comply with the tolerance limits established by the ISO 27020:2019. In most of the systems, the slot height was oversized when compared to the nominal one. A significant interbatch variability was found in most of the evaluated systems. Most of the brackets walls were divergent.

Conclusions
The dimensional accuracy of commercially available metal brackets is not guaranteed. The respect for the norm should be enforced as well as the quality controls along the manufacturing process since orthodontic brackets are a precision medical device.
High-risk factors for subjective discomfort due to lower limb discrepancy after medial open wedge high tibial osteotomy
Authors: He Axiang , Wang Yin , Chen Yanan , Zhou Ying , Zhang Hui , Mao Yanjie , Liu Wanjun , Zhang Xianlong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Medial open wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO) may result in lower limb discrepancy (LLD), and some patients experience uncomfortable symptoms. Studies have found that the degree of LLD is one but not the only high-risk factor for inducing symptoms. The main purpose of this study is to explore the risk factors for symptomatic LLD.

Methods
Sixty-four patients who underwent OWHTO in our hospital between June 2018 and January 2020 were included in the study. Changes in tibia length, lower limb length, femorotibial angle (FTA), LLD, and KOOS score were evaluated before and 1 year after surgery. Questionnaire was used to investigate whether patients had uncomfortable symptoms of LLD after surgery. Binary logistic regression was applied to analyze the risk factors of symptomatic LLD.

Results
There were 18 patients with subjective LLD uncomfortableness, 13 of them were occasional and 5 were frequent. Patients had a mean correction angle of 11.7° ± 4.6°, with a mean increase in tibial length of 6.0 ± 3.5 mm, lower limb length of 7.5 ± 2.3 mm, and LLD of 6.9 ± 4.2 mm at 1 year post-operation. Preoperative and postoperative changes in tibia length and lower limb length were statistically significant (P < 0.0001).There were statistically significant differences in pain, symptoms, ADL, sports/recreations, QOL of KOOS subclassification before and after surgery (P < 0.0001). Binary logistic regression revealed that age ≥ 55, BMI ≥ 28, and LLD ≥ 10 mm were high-risk factors for symptomatic LLD (P = 0.031, OR = 4.82; P = 0.012, OR = 6.251; P = 0.006, OR = 6.836).

Conclusion
Patients with age ≥ 55, BMI ≥ 28, and postoperative LLD ≥ 10 mm are more likely to develop symptomatic LLD. Older or heavier patients, who are expected to have an LLD greater than 10 mm after OWHTO should be fully informed of the possibility of postoperative LLD symptoms.
Common and mutation specific phenotypes of KRAS and BRAF mutations in colorectal cancer cells revealed by integrative -omics analysis
Authors: Kundu Snehangshu , Ali Muhammad Akhtar , Handin Niklas , Conway Louis P. , Rendo Veronica , Artursson Per , He Liqun , Globisch Daniel , Sjöblom Tobias 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundGenes in the Ras pathway have somatic mutations in at least 60 % of colorectal cancers. Despite activating the same pathway, theBRAFV600E mutation and the prevalent mutations in codon 12 and 13 ofKRAShave all been linked to different clinical outcomes, but the molecular mechanisms behind these differences largely remain to be clarified.MethodsTo characterize the similarities and differences between common activatingKRASmutations and betweenKRASandBRAFmutations, we used genome editing to engineerKRASG12C/D/V and G13D mutations in colorectal cancer cells that had their mutantBRAFV600E allele removed and subjected them to transcriptome sequencing, global proteomics and metabolomics analyses.ResultsBy intersecting differentially expressed genes, proteins and metabolites, we uncovered (i) two-fold more regulated genes and proteins when comparingKRAStoBRAFmutant cells to those lacking Ras pathway mutation, (ii) five differentially expressed proteins inKRASmutants compared to cells lacking Ras pathway mutation (IFI16, S100A10, CD44, GLRX and AHNAK2) and 6 (CRABP2, FLNA, NXN, LCP1, S100A10 and S100A2) compared toBRAFmutant cells, (iii) 19 proteins expressed differentially in aKRASmutation specific manner versusBRAFV600E cells, (iv) regulation of the Integrin Linked Kinase pathway byKRASbut notBRAFmutation, (v) regulation of amino acid metabolism, particularly of the tyrosine, histidine, arginine and proline pathways, the urea cycle and purine metabolism by Ras pathway mutations, (vi) increased free carnitine inKRASandBRAFmutant RKO cells.ConclusionsThis comprehensive integrative -omics analysis confirms known and adds novel genes, proteins and metabolic pathways regulated by mutantKRASandBRAFsignaling in colorectal cancer. The results from the new model systems presented here can inform future development of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches targeting tumors withKRASandBRAFmutations.
Lower leg muscle structure and function are altered in long‐distance runners with medial tibial stress syndrome: a case control study
Authors: Mattock Joshua , Steele Julie R. , Mickle Karen J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundMedial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) is a common lower leg injury experienced by runners. Although numerous risk factors are reported in the literature, many are non‐modifiable and management of the injury remains difficult. Lower leg muscle structure and function are modifiable characteristics that influence tibial loading during foot‐ground contact. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether long‐distance runners with MTSS displayed differences in in vivo lower leg muscle structure and function than matched asymptomatic runners.MethodsLower leg structure was assessed using ultrasound and a measure of lower leg circumference to quantify muscle cross‐sectional area, thickness and lean lower leg girth. Lower leg function was assessed using a hand‐held dynamometer to quantify maximal voluntary isometric contraction strength and a single leg heel raise protocol was used to measure ankle plantar flexor endurance. Outcome variables were compared between the limbs of long‐distance runners suffering MTSS (n = 20) and matched asymptomatic controls (n = 20). Means, standard deviations, 95 % confidence intervals, mean differences and Cohen's d values were calculated for each variable for the MTSS symptomatic and control limbs.ResultsMTSS symptomatic limbs displayed a significantly smaller flexor hallucis longus cross‐sectional area, a smaller soleus thickness but a larger lateral gastrocnemius thickness than the control limbs. However, there was no statistical difference in lean lower leg girth. Compared to the matched control limbs, MTSS symptomatic limbs displayed deficits in maximal voluntary isometric contraction strength of the flexor hallucis longus, soleus, tibialis anterior and peroneal muscles, and reduced ankle plantar flexor endurance capacity.ConclusionsDifferences in lower leg muscle structure and function likely render MTSS symptomatic individuals less able to withstand the negative tibial bending moment generated during midstance, potentially contributing to the development of MTSS. The clinical implications of these findings suggest that rehabilitation protocols for MTSS symptomatic individuals should aim to improve strength of the flexor hallucis longus, soleus, tibialis anterior and peroneal muscles along with ankle plantar flexor endurance. However, the cross‐sectional study design prevents us determining whether between group differences were a cause or effect of MTSS. Therefore, future prospective studies are required to substantiate the study findings.
Diagnostic workup for endometrioid borderline ovarian tumors (eBOT) requires histopathological evaluation of the uterus
Authors: Reichenbach Juliane , Schmoeckel Elisa , Mahner Sven , Trillsch Fabian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
For young borderline ovarian tumor (BOT) patients, preservation of the uterus was incorporated as an accepted option into treatment guidelines. For the endometrioid subtype (eBOT) however, adequate histological evaluation is challenging and might be associated with synchronous endometrial disorders or misinterpreted as spread from uterine primaries.

Case presentation
We report the cases of two young patients with eBOT who underwent treatment according to current guidelines. In both cases, unexpected findings of invasive uterine carcinomas were established in final histopathological evaluation.

Conclusions
This constellation highlights the challenging diagnostic workup of BOT and underlines that uterine curettage is indispensable for eBOT to exclude uterine primary tumors when fertility preservation is planned. Accordingly, we suggest to include this procedure into recommendations for diagnostic workup and to state the potential risk in treatment guidelines.
Novel mutation in carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A detected through newborn screening for a presymptomatic case in China: a case report
Authors: Gan Yi , Yu Fei , Fang Haining 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) deficiency is a rare mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) disorder that results in hypoketotic hypoglycemia and hepatic encephalopathy. It is caused by mutation in CPT1A. To date, only two symptomatic cases of CPT1A deficiency have been reported in China.

Case presentation
A newborn male, without any disease-related clinical manifestations, was diagnosed with CPT1A deficiency through newborn screening. Increased free carnitine levels and a significantly increased C0/(C16 + C18) ratio were detected by tandem mass spectrometry, and subsequently, mutations in CPT1A were found by gene sequence analysis. The patient was advised a low-fat, high-protein diet and followed up regularly. During three-years of follow-up since, the patient showed normal growth velocity and developmental milestones. Whole-exome sequence identified two mutations, c.2201 T > C (p.F734S) and c.1318G > A (p.A440T), in the patient. The c.2201 T > C mutation, which has been reported previously, was inherited from his father, while the c.1318G > A, a novel mutation, was inherited from his mother. The amino acid residues encoded by original sequences are highly conserved across different species. These mutations slightly altered the three-dimensional structure of the protein, as analyzed by molecular modeling, suggesting that they may be pathogenic.

Conclusion
This is the first case of CPT1A deficiency detected through newborn screening based on diagnostic levels of free carnitine, in China. Three years follow-up suggested that early diagnosis and diet management may improve the prognosis in CPT1A patient. In addition, we identified a novel mutation c.1318G > A in CPT1A,and a possible unique to Chinese lineage mutation c.2201 T > C. Our findings have expanded the gene spectrum of this rare condition and provided a basis for family genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis.
Severe hypercalcemia associated with hypophosphatemia in very premature infants: a case report
Authors: Improda Nicola , Mazzeo Francesca , Rossi Alessandro , Rossi Claudia , Improda Francesco Paolo , Izzo Angelo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Severe hypercalcemia is rare in newborns; even though often asymptomatic, it may have important sequelae. Hypophosphatemia can occur in infants experiencing intrauterine malnutrition, sepsis and early high-energy parenteral nutrition (PN) and can cause severe hypercalcemia through an unknown mechanism. Monitoring and supplementation of phosphate (PO4) and calcium (Ca) in the first week of life in preterm infants are still debated.

Case presentation
We report on a female baby born at 29 weeks’ gestation with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) experiencing sustained severe hypercalcemia (up to 24 mg/dl corrected Ca) due to hypophosphatemia while on phosphorus-free PN. Hypercalcemia did not improve after hyperhydration and furosemide but responded to infusion of PO4. Eventually, the infant experienced symptomatic hypocalcaemia (ionized Ca 3.4 mg/dl), likely exacerbated by contemporary infusion of albumin. Subsequently, a normalization of both parathyroid hormone (PTH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was observed.

Conclusions
Although severe hypercalcemia is extremely rare in neonates, clinicians should be aware of the possible occurrence of this life-threatening condition in infants with or at risk to develop hypophosphatemia. Hypophosphatemic hypercalcemia can only be managed with infusion of PO4, with strict monitoring of Ca and PO4 concentrations.
Plasma glutamine status at intensive care unit admission: an independent risk factor for mortality in critical illness
Authors: Smedberg Marie , Helleberg Johan , Norberg Åke , Tjäder Inga , Rooyackers Olav , Wernerman Jan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
A plasma glutamine concentration outside the normal range at Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission has been reported to be associated with an increased mortality rate. Whereas hypoglutaminemia has been frequently reported, the number of patients with hyperglutaminemia has so far been quite few. Therefore, the association between hyperglutaminemia and mortality outcomes was studied in a prospective, observational study.

Patients and methods
Consecutive admissions to a mixed general ICU were eligible. Exclusion criteria were < 18 years of age, readmissions, no informed consent, or a ‘do not resuscitate’ order at admission. A blood sample was saved within one hour from admission to be analysed by high-pressure liquid chromatography for glutamine concentration. Conventional risk scoring (Simplified Acute Physiology Score and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) at admission, and mortality outcomes were recorded for all included patients.

Results
Out of 269 included patients, 26 were hyperglutaminemic (≥ 930 µmol/L) at admission. The six-month mortality rate for this subgroup was 46%, compared to 18% for patients with a plasma glutamine concentration < 930 µmol/L (P = 0.002). A regression analysis showed that hyperglutaminemia was an independent mortality predictor that added prediction value to conventional admission risk scoring and age.

Conclusion
Hyperglutaminemia in critical illness at ICU admission was an independent mortality predictor, often but not always, associated with an acute liver condition. The mechanism behind a plasma glutamine concentration outside normal range, as well as the prognostic value of repeated measurements of plasma glutamine during ICU stay, remains to be investigated.
Optimization of the feeding rate of Anopheles farauti s.s. colony mosquitoes in direct membrane feeding assays
Authors: Timinao Lincoln , Vinit Rebecca , Katusele Michelle , Schofield Louis , Burkot Thomas R. , Karl Stephan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Direct membrane feeding assays (DMFA) are an important tool to study parasite transmission to mosquitoes. Mosquito feeding rates in these artificial systems require optimization, as there are a number of factors that potentially influence the feeding rates and there are no standardized methods that apply to all anopheline species.

Methods
A range of parameters prior to and during direct membrane feeding (DMF) were evaluated for their impact on Anopheles farauti sensu stricto feeding rates, including the starving conditions and duration of starving prior to feeding, membrane type, DMF exposure time, mosquito age, feeding in the light versus the dark, blood volume, mosquito density and temperature of water bath.

Results
The average successful DMFA feeding rate for An. farauti s.s. colony mosquitoes increased from 50 to 85% when assay parameters were varied. Overnight starvation and Baudruche membrane yielded the highest feeding rates but rates were also affected by blood volume in the feeder and the mosquito density in the feeding cups. Availability of water during the pre-feed starvation period did not significantly impact feeding rates, nor did the exposure duration to blood in membrane feeders, the age of mosquitoes (3, 5 and 7 days post-emergence), feeding in the light versus the dark, or the temperature (34 °C, 38 °C, 42 °C and 46 °C) of the water bath.

Conclusion
Optimal feeding conditions in An. farauti s.s. DMFA were to offer 50 female mosquitoes in a cup (with a total surface area of ~ 340 cm2 with 1 mosquito/6.8 cm2) that were starved overnight 350–500 µL of blood (collected in heparin-coated Vacutainer tubes) per feeder in feeders with a surface area ~ 5 cm2 (with a maximum capacity of 1.5 mL of blood) via a Baudruche membrane, for at least 10–20 min.

Graphical Abstract
De novo transcriptome assembly data for sengon (Falcataria moluccana) trees displaying resistance and susceptibility to boktor stem borers (Xystrocera festiva Pascoe)
Authors: Siregar Ulfah J. , Nugroho Aditya , Shabrina Hasyyati , Indriani Fitri , Damayanti Apriliya , Matra Deden D. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objectives
Sengon (Falcataria moluccana) is a popular tree species in community plantation forests in Java, Indonesia due to its fast-growing and multipurpose characteristics. However, without effective control measures sengon plantations are vulnerable to boktor stem borer (Xystrocera festiva) infestation. Previous research found some boktor-resistant trees amid mostly susceptible individuals. Resistant trees have higher levels of enzyme inhibitory activity than susceptible ones. However, efforts to differentiate between the two accessions using microsatellite markers failed to provide satisfactory answers. This dataset was created to study differences in gene expressions between resistant and susceptible accessions, and to identify candidate genes involved in boktor resistance in sengon.

Data description
RNA was extracted from fresh wood samples collected from two individual trees: one heavily infested with boktor larvae, and the other showing no signs of infestation. The sample trees grow in close proximity to each other within the same plantation. The RNA was sequenced using the BGISEQ-500 platform and produced 78.5 million raw reads. De novo transcriptome were assembled using Trinity and produced 96,164 contigs after filtering and clustering. This transcriptome data is important for understanding pest resistance mechanisms in sengon trees, serving as basis for an improvement program for resistance to boktor pest.