bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Description of Day Case Costs and Tariffs of Cataract Surgery From a Sample of Nine European Countries
Authors: Lima Antonio Olry de Labry , Spacirova Zuzana , Espín Jaime 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe lack of transparency in the methodology of unit cost estimation and the usage of confidential or undisclosed information prevents cost comparison and makes the transferability of the results across countries difficult. The objective of this article is to compare the methodologies used in the estimation of the cost of a day case cataract extirpation that are described in the official sources. MethodsA semi-structured questionnaire regarding information on costing methodologies was developed and sent to consortium partners. Additionally, publicly available sources of unit cost of cataract surgery of nine European countries were searched and analysed. ResultsThe findings showed a considerable diversity across countries on unit costs varying from 432.35€ in Poland (minor degree of severity) to 3,411.96€ in Portugal (major degree of severity). In addition, differences were found in the frequency of updating the costs and on the level of detail of different types of cataract surgery. The unit of activity were Diagnosis-Related Groups in all countries except Slovenia. All unit costs include direct costs and variable overheads (except Germany where nursing costs are financed separately). Differences in unit costs across countries may be driven by fixed overheads. Methodological documents explaining the identification, measurement and evaluation of resources included in the unit costs with exception of England are not publicly available. ConclusionsWe can conclude that while unit costs of cataract extirpation are publicly available, the information on methodological aspects is very scarce. This appears to pose a significant problem for cross-country comparisons of costs and transferability of results from one country to another.
Whole-tumor ADC histogram analysis for differentiating endometriosis-related tumors: seromucinous borderline tumor, clear cell carcinoma and endometrioid carcinoma
Authors: Lu Jing , Li Yong'ai , Cai Songqi , Zhao Shuhui , Ma Fenghua , Li Haiming , Ma Xiaoliang , Zeng Anrong , Shi Shuyi , Qiang Jinwei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: In view of the similar MRI findings of endometriosis-related ovarian neoplasms, this study aimed to investigate the feasibility of whole-tumor apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram analysis for differentiating endometriosis-related tumors: seromucinous borderline tumor (SMBT), clear cell carcinoma (CCC) and endometrioid carcinoma (EC).Methods: A total of 85 patients (22 with SMBT, 42 with CCC and 21 with EC) were retrospectively enrolled. Clinical data including age, stage, laterality, solid component ADC (ADCSC) and whole-tumor ADC histogram-derived parameters, such as the volume, ADCmean, the 10th, 50th and 90th percentile ADCs, inhomogeneity, skewness, kurtosis and entropy, were compared among SMBT, CCC and EC. The diagnostic efficacy of these parameters was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.Results: There were significant differences in age, ADCSC and histogram parameters including volume, ADCmean, the 10th, 50th and 90th percentile ADCs among three kinds of tumors (all p < 0.05). Patients with SMBT were significantly younger than patients with CCC/EC. The significantly higher ADCSC and smaller volume were found in SMBT than in CCC/ EC. The ADCmean was significantly higher in CCC than in EC. The 10th percentile ADC was significantly lower in EC than in SMBT/CCC. The 50th and 90th percentile ADCs were significantly higher in CCC than in SMBT/EC. For differentiating SMBT from CCC, AUCs of the ADCSC, volume, the 50th and 90th percentile ADCs were 0.97, 0.86, 0.72 and 0.81, respectively. For differentiating SMBT from EC, AUCs of the ADCSC, volume and the 10th percentile ADC were 0.97, 0.71 and 0.72, respectively. For differentiating CCC from EC, AUCs of the ADCmean, the 10th, 50th and 90th percentile ADCs were 0.79, 0.72, 0.81 and 0.85, respectively. Conclusions: Similar with ADCSC, whole-tumor ADC histogram analysis was valuable for differentiating endometriosis-related tumors. It was helpful for the 50th, 90th percentile ADCs and volume in differentiating SMBT from CCC; for the volume and 10th percentile ADC in differentiating SMBT from EC, and for the ADCmean, the 10th, 50th and 90th percentile ADCs in differentiating CCC from EC.
Universal community nucleic acid testing for COVID-19 in Hong Kong reveals insights into transmission dynamics
Authors: Yang Bingyi , Tsang Tim K. , Gao Huizhi , Lau Eric H. Y. , Lin Yun , Ho Faith , Xiao Jingyi , Wong Jessica Y. , Adam Dillon C. , Liao Qiuyan , Wu Peng , Cowling Benjamin J. , Leung Gabriel M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Testing of an entire community has been used as an approach to control COVID-19. In Hong Kong, a universal community testing programme (UCTP) was implemented at the fadeout phase of a community epidemic in July to September 2020, to determine the prevalence of unrecognised cases and limit any remaining transmission chains. We described the utility of the UCTP in finding unrecognised cases, and analysed data from the UCTP and other sources to characterise transmission dynamics.Methods: We described the characteristics of people participating in the UCTP, and compared the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 cases detected by the UCTP versus those detected by clinical diagnosis and public health surveillance. We developed a Bayesian model to estimate the age-specific incidence of infection and the proportion of cases detected by clinical diagnosis and public health surveillance.Findings: 1.77 million people, 24% of the Hong Kong population, participated in the UCTP from 1 to 14 September 2020. The UCTP identified 32 new infections (1.8 per 100,000 samples tested), consisting of 29% of all local cases reported during the two-week UCTP period. Compared with the existing clinical diagnosis and public health surveillance, the UCTP detected a higher proportion of sporadic cases (62% versus 27%, p <0.01) and identified 6 (out of 18) additional transmission chains during that period. We estimated that 27% (95% credible interval: 22%, 34%) of all infections were detected by the existing clinical diagnosis and public health surveillance in the third wave.Interpretation: We reported empirical evidence of the utility of population-wide COVID-19 testing in detecting unrecognised infections and transmission chains. Around three quarters of infections have not been identified through existing surveillance approaches including contact tracing.
Prevalence and risk factors of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) among adult Sudanese epileptic patients who attend Dauod charity clinic, Sudan, 2021
Authors: Abbasher Khabab , Malik Elfatih Mohamed , Hussien Abbasher , Malekaldar Mohamed , Ali Ahmed A. , Abdelrahim Yassin , Boushra Salih , Muaz.A.Ibrahim  , Abdallah Abdallah M. , Hajhamed Mawahib , Elfatih Ghassan , Fakhreldeen Aziza , Hassan Tibyan , Faisal Roaa , Salih Rufaida A. , Mahmoud Mihad A. , Ahmed Mwaez , Fadlallah Yousif , Alhusseini Radi Tofaha , Albasheer Nijood , Shamsaldeen Lina , Mohammed Leenah , Siddig Amira , Alkhalifamohamed Hussam 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Seizures can present in many diseases like epilepsy which is in the list of the commonest neurological diseases. Some seizures can present as psychogenic seizures. Epilepsy can also be associated with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures.Objectives: To assess prevalence and risk factors of psychogenic non-epileptic among adult Sudanese epileptic patients.Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional facility-based study was conducted during Jan-Feb 2021 at Daoud Charity Clinic in Omdurman city, Sudan. Data collection was conducted through an interview-based structured questionnaire and there was a total number of 99 participants who were included in this study. Results: Overall, in this study there were 99 epileptic patients. 57% were females, 79% of the patients reside in Khartoum, and 32% reached secondary school. The main type of epilepsy was generalized tonic clonic (68%) followed by focal with impairment (11%). The majority of patients have been diagnosed with epilepsy for more than three years (65%). Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures history was found in 29 (29%). The PNES prevalence was significantly higher in patients with social problems and depression (p value 0.005, 0.00 respectively). Patients with depression were having 14 times risk to have psychogenic non-epileptic seizures than patients without depression (CI 95%: ##-##). Most of the participants had no sexual or physical abuse history, school/university/work refusal, and\or absence (94%, 84%, and 63% respectively).Conclusion: A considerable high prevalence rate of PNES can be found among adult epileptic patients. Epileptic patients suffering from social problems or/and depression and poor economic status have a higher tendency to develop psychogenic non-epileptic seizures especially after two to three years of treatment and above.
Effect of "Motivational Interviewing" And "Information, Motivation and Behavioral Skills” On Choosing Mode of Delivery In Pregnant Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Shirzad Mahboubeh , Shakibazadeh Elham , Foroushani Abbas Rahimi , Abedini Mehrandokht , Poursharifi Hamid 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Cesarean section is an important surgical procedure to save mothers and/or babies’ lives. Current trends show that the rate of Cesarean section is increasing dramatically over the years. The aims of this study were to compare the effects of "motivational interviewing" and "information, motivation and behavioral skills” model on choosing mode of delivery among pregnant women.Methods: In a four-armed, parallel-design randomized controlled trial, 120 women were randomly assigned to three brief interventions and one control groups. We recruited pregnant women referring to Ebnesina hospital, Tehran- Iran from 2019-2020. The intervention groups included: 1) motivational interviewing; 2) face-to-face information, motivation and behavioural skills model; and 3) information, motivation and behavioural skills model provided using a mobile application. The control group received usual antenatal care. The inclusion criteria were being literate, gestational age 24 to 32 weeks at recruitment, being able to speak Persian, having no complications in the current pregnancy, having no indications for CS, and having enough time to participate in the intervention sessions. The primary outcome of the study was mode of delivery. The secondary outcomes included women’s intentions to undergo any mode of delivery and women’s self-efficacy in choosing the mode of delivery. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, frequency and standard deviation), inferential statistics including independent t-test, Paired t-test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: Following the interventions, significant differences were found in the women’s self-efficacy and intention to choose mode of delivery (P < 0.05). Women who had used the mobile application had more improvements in the self-efficacy and intention than the face-to-face intervention groups. Conclusions: Our study showed positive significant effects of various types of brief interventions to improve women’s self-efficacy and intention to choose mode of delivery among the participant women. Providing the intervention using mobile application showed even better results. However, in order to decrease unnecessary CS rate, evidence-based interventions targeted at health-facility and health system levels should be implemented along with these simple, non-expensive, tailored to women, and culture-oriented brief interventions.Trial registration: This study has been registered in Iran Randomized Clinical Trial Center (IRCT20151208025431N7). Registered on (07/12/2018).
Characterization of Global Research Trends and Prospects on Single-Cell Sequencing Technology: Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Wang Quan , Yang Ke-Lu , Zhang Zhen , Wang Zhu , Li Chen , Li Lun , Tian Jin-Hui , Ye Ying-Jiang , Wang Shan , Jiang Ke-Wei 
Published: May 2021

Background
As single-cell sequencing technology has been gradually introduced, it is essential to characterize global collaboration networks and map development trends over the past 20 years.

Objective
The aim of this paper was to illustrate collaboration in the field of single-cell sequencing methods and explore key topics and future directions.

Methods
Bibliometric analyses were conducted with CiteSpace and VOSviewer software on publications prior to November 2019 from the Web of Science Core Collection about single-cell sequencing methods.

Results
Ultimately, we identified 2489 records, which were published in 495 journals by 14,202 authors from 1970 institutes in 61 countries. There was a noticeable increase in publications in 2014. The United States and high-income countries in Europe contributed to most of the records included. Harvard University, Stanford University, Karolinska Institutes, Peking University, and the University of Washington were the biggest nodes in every cluster of the collaboration network, and SA Teichmann, JC Marioni, A Regev, and FC Tang were the top-producing authors. Keywords co-occurrence analysis suggested applications in immunology as a developing research trend.

Conclusions
We concluded that the global collaboration network was unformed and that high-income countries contributed more to the rapidly growth of publications of single-cell sequencing technology. Furthermore, the application in immunology might be the next research hotspot and developmental direction.
A Smartphone App for Supporting the Self-management of Daytime Urinary Incontinence in Adolescents: Development and Formative Evaluation Study of URApp
Authors: Whale Katie , Beasant Lucy , Wright Anne J , Yardley Lucy , Wallace Louise M , Moody Louise , Joinson Carol 
Published: May 2021

Background
Daytime urinary incontinence (UI) is common in childhood and often persists into adolescence. UI in adolescence is associated with a range of adverse outcomes, including depressive symptoms, peer victimization, poor self-image, and problems with peer relationships. The first-line conservative treatment for UI is bladder training (standard urotherapy) that aims to establish a regular fluid intake and a timed schedule for toilet visits. The success of bladder training is strongly dependent on good concordance, which can be challenging for young people.

Objective
This paper aims to describe the development of a smartphone app (URApp) that aims to improve concordance with bladder training in young people aged 11 to 19 years.

Methods
URApp was designed by using participatory co-design methods and was guided by the person-based approach to intervention design. The core app functions were based on clinical guidance and included setting a daily drinking goal that records fluid intake and toilet visits, setting reminders to drink fluids and go to the toilet, and recording progress toward drinking goals. The development of URApp comprised the following four stages: a review of current smartphone apps for UI, participatory co-design workshops with young people with UI for gathering user requirements and developing wireframes, the development of a URApp prototype, and the user testing of the prototype through qualitative interviews with 23 young people with UI or urgency aged 10 to 19 years and 8 clinicians. The app functions and additional functionalities for supporting concordance and behavior change were iteratively optimized throughout the app development process.

Results
Young people who tested URApp judged it to be a helpful way of supporting their concordance with a timed schedule for toilet visits and drinking. They reported high levels of acceptability and engagement. Preliminary findings indicated that some young people experienced improvements in their bladder symptoms, including a reduction in UI. Clinicians reported that URApp was clinically appropriate and aligned with the best practice guidelines for bladder training. URApp was deemed age appropriate, with all clinicians reporting that they would use it within their own clinics. Clinicians felt URApp would be of particular benefit to patients whose symptoms were not improving or those who were not engaging with their treatment plans.

Conclusions
The next stage is to evaluate URApp in a range of settings, including pediatric continence clinics, primary care, and schools. This research is needed to test whether URApp is an effective (and cost-effective) solution for improving concordance with bladder training, reducing bladder symptoms, and improving the quality of life.
Consultation Pricing of the Online Health Care Service in China: Hierarchical Linear Regression Approach
Authors: Chiu Ya-Ling , Wang Jying-Nan , Yu Haiyan , Hsu Yuan-Teng 
Published: May 2021

Background
Online health care services are a possible solution to alleviate the lack of medical resources in rural areas, and further understanding of the related medical service pricing system would contribute to improvement of the online health care community (OHC). Although many studies have investigated the OHC, the impact of physicians’ reputations and wage levels on consulting prices in the OHC has rarely been discussed in the literature.

Objective
This study was designed to explore the determinants of consulting prices in the OHC. We addressed the following questions: (1) Are the prices of online health consultation services affected by wage levels at the doctor’s location? (2) How does a physician’s online and offline reputation affect their consulting prices?

Methods
Employing a large-scale sample of 16,008 doctors in China, we first used descriptive statistics to investigate the determinants of consulting prices in their entirety. Hierarchical linear modeling was then used to investigate the determinants of consulting prices in the OHC.

Results
The empirical results led to the conclusion that if doctors have more elevated clinic titles, work in higher-level hospitals, have better online reputations, and/or have made more past sales, their consulting prices will be higher. Additionally, the wage level in the city in which the doctor is working determines their opportunity cost and therefore also affects consulting prices.

Conclusions
The findings indicate that the characteristics of the doctor, the doctor’s online reputation, and past sales affect the consulting price. In particular, the wage level in the city affects the price of the consultation. These findings highlight that the OHC is important because it can indeed break through geographical restrictions and give rural residents the opportunity to obtain medical service from doctors in big cities. However, doctors from cities often charge higher fees because of their higher opportunity cost. The results reveal that one of the most important functions of the OHC is to reduce the medical disparity between urban and rural areas; however, planners appear to ignore the possibility that rural residents with lower incomes may not be able to afford such high medical consultation costs. Therefore, the government should consider providing incentives to encourage urban doctors to provide discounts to rural residents or directly offer appropriate subsidies.
Mengadvokasi Ketidaksetaraan Gender (Peran Negara dan Hegemoni Budaya Patriarki): Study pada Rifka Annisa Woman Crisis Centre (WCC) Yogyakarta
Authors: Hidayat Arief , Chandra Kumala Adi 
Published: May 2021

Artikel ini mengelaborasi dvokasi ketidaksetaraan gender yang dilakukan oleh lembaga swadaya masyarakat Riska Annisa. Ketidaksetaraan tersebut tentang adanya perilaku diskriminasi negara dalam proses menangani persoalan domestik dalam keluarga, yang sudah menjadi urusan publik. Salah satunya adalah terkait isu penanganan perilaku kekerasan yang diterima kaum perempuan, urusan penyembuhan trauma bagi perempuan yang mendapatkan kekerasan, penyediaan rumah aman sampai pada advokasi dalam bentuk bantuan hukum. Persoalan yang semula diambil alih oleh negara secara yuridis, namun dalam pelaksanaannya tidak sesuai, bahkan luput dari perhatian negara. Padahal dalam konsep civil rights, seluruh warga negara mendapatkan pelayanan yang sama tanpa membedakan ras, agama, jenis kelamin, dan sebagainya. Pola diskriminasi yang berkelindan dengan ketiadaan pemihakan negara menjadi pokok persoalan yang sulit untuk diatasi. Diperlukan dukungan berbagai pihak, khususnya organ civil society sebagai motor penggerak yang mengatasi persoalan ini sehingga tidak berlarut dalam sengkarut yang tidak berujung. Secara praktis, tujuan riset ini mencakup bahasan mengenai minimnya peran negara dalam isu ketidaksetaraan gender, khususnya ketidakberdayaan perempuan dalam budaya patriarki, serta upaya yang dilakukan oleh Rifka Annisa dalam mengadvokasi ketidaksetaraan gender tersebut. Riset ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan analisis deskriptif dan untuk mempertajam kajiannya ditopang dengan kajian pustaka yang relevan. Hasil dari riset membuktikan bahwa stereotip gender terhadap perempuan masih menjadi bagian domestifikasi bagi sebagian besar masyarakat. Minimnya peran negara tercermin dari tidak opersionalnya perlindungan hukum bagi perempuan. Belum ada kerja-kerja teknis yang dilakukan oleh aparat negara. Menindaklanjuti hal ini, Rifka Annnisa bergerak untuk memberikan berbagai jenis bantuan mulai dari pendampingan, konsultasi, pemeriksaan psikologi sampai pada bantuan hukum. Implikasi dari adanya aksi Rifka Annisa membuka aras baru dalam persoalan patriarki yang dulu menjadi ranah domestik, kemudian bergeser ke ranah publik dengan perlakuan yang lebih seimbang.
"O teclado acende o écran": a poesia cinematográfica de Manuel Gusmão
Authors: Lima Marleide Anchieta de 
Published: May 2021

A poética de Manuel Gusmão investe de forma intensa nas relações interartes. Suas obras propõem diálogos visuais com a pintura, a fotografia e, sobretudo, experimentam a dinamicidade do cinema. Por este motivo, nosso trabalho pretende analisar a construção imagética em alguns poemas do autor mencionado, mas sem se restringir ao âmbito temático, uma vez que investigaremos a transposição de técnicas cinematográficas para a composição textual e os sentidos que tais procedimentos expressam na tentativa de dizer, ou talvez de não dizer, o objeto visualizado. Com essa perspectiva, recorreremos às abordagens teórico-críticas de George Didi-Huberman, Jacques Aumont e Gilles Deleuze, além da prosa de Herberto Helder, em Photomaton & Vox.