bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative Sodium-Fluorescence Imaging in Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors (PNST)—A New Additional Promising Diagnostic Tool
Authors: Pedro Maria Teresa , Grübel Nadja , Durner Gregor , Pala Andrej , Wirtz Christian Rainer , Koenig Ralph Werner 
Published: March 2021

Background: Through the development and implementation of specific fluorophore filters to microscopes in 2012, sodium fluorescein (SF) is currently experiencing a remarkable renaissance in neurosurgery. The present study examines its intraoperative application during surgical removal of peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNST) and metastases.Methods: This single-center study includes 10 cases of benign and malignant tumors as well as metastases of peripheral nerves (in total 11 PNST). Their surgical resections were all performed under microscope-based fluorescence with SF, which was administered intravenously (0.5–1.0 mg/kg body weight) during anesthesia induction. Microsurgical tumor removals were filmed and the collected data were retrospectively analyzed via ImageJ.Results: Microsurgical tumor preparation was possible under the usage of fluorophore filter. In seven histological confirmed schwannoma (n = 6 patients) tissue differentiation between tumor mass and not involved fascicles was statistically significant for the colors green and red. Schwannoma maximum mean for green reached 254.7 pixel and 179.4 pixel for red, whereas passing healthy fascicles revealed a maximum mean for green 94.91 and for red 120.76 pixel. One case of neurofibroma achieved lower amount of pixel. Similar to schwannoma, the two MPNST cases showed a strong homogeneous fluorescence (max. mean green 215 pixel and red 124.51) involving the whole nerve segment. Subcutaneous tumor remnants were visualized and therefore resected. Via fascicular nerve biopsy a B-cell lymphoma of the tibial nerve could be detected. SF led to variable stain intensities in single fascicles. The resected fascicle revealed a max mean green of 100.54 pixel, whereas surrounding fascicles came up with max. mean green of 63.0 pixel.Conclusions: Intraoperative SF visualization for PNST is feasible and of low risk. During resection of benign PNST, enhanced tissue differentiation between affected and not affected nerve segments is very useful. Tumor remnants can be detected safely and effectively. Its application during resection of malignant PNST is limited. Due to the infiltrative nature of those tumors, intraneural tissue differentiation is not possible. “Fluorescence-guided” biopsy can be regarded as an additional advantage in PNST surgery. Due to the encouraging experience in our institution SF was established as standard visualization tool in PNST surgery.
Plant Products as Inhibitors of Coronavirus 3CL Protease
Authors: Mandal Anirban , Jha Ajeet Kumar , Hazra Banasri 
Published: March 2021

Background: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has created an alarming situation due to extensive loss of human lives and economy, posing enormous threat to global health security. Till date, no antiviral drug or vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 has reached the market, although a number of clinical trials are under way. The viral 3-chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease (3CLpro), playing pivotal roles in coronavirus replication and polyprotein processing, is essential for its life cycle. In fact, 3CLpro is already a proven drug discovery target for SARS- and MERS-CoVs. This underlines the importance of 3CL protease in the design of potent drugs against COVID-19.Methods: We have collected one hundred twenty-seven relevant literatures to prepare the review article. PubMed, Google Scholar and other scientific search engines were used to collect the literature based on keywords, like “SARS-CoVs-3CL protease,” “medicinal plant and anti-SARS-CoVs-3CL protease” published during 2003–2020. However, earlier publications related to this topic are also cited for necessary illustration and discussion. Repetitive articles and non-English studies were excluded.Results: From the literature search, we have enlisted medicinal plants reported to inhibit coronavirus 3CL protease. Some of the plants like Isatis tinctoria L. (syn. Isatis indigotica Fort.), Torreya nucifera (L.) Siebold and Zucc., Psoralea corylifolia L., and Rheum palmatum L. have exhibited strong anti-3CLpro activity. We have also discussed about the phytochemicals with encouraging antiviral activity, such as, bavachinin, psoralidin, betulinic acid, curcumin and hinokinin, isolated from traditional medicinal plants.Conclusion: Currently, searching for a plant-derived novel drug with better therapeutic index is highly desirable due to lack of specific treatment for SARS-CoV-2. It is expected that in-depth evaluation of medicinally important plants would reveal new molecules with significant potential to inhibit coronavirus 3CL protease for development into approved antiviral drug against COVID-19 in future.
A Potential Mechanism Underlying the Therapeutic Effects of Progesterone and Allopregnanolone on Ketamine-Induced Cognitive Deficits
Authors: Cao Ting , Tang MiMi , Jiang Pei , Zhang BiKui , Wu XiangXin , Chen Qian , Zeng CuiRong , Li NaNa , Zhang ShuangYang , Cai HuaLin 
Published: March 2021

Ketamine exposure can model cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia. Progesterone (PROG) and its active metabolite allopregnanolone (ALLO) have neuroprotective effects and the pathway involving progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), and protein kinase B (Akt) appears to play a key role in their neuroprotection. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of PROG (8,16 mg kg−1) and ALLO (8,16 mg kg−1) on the reversal of cognitive deficits induced by ketamine (30 mg kg−1) via the PGRMC1 pathway in rat brains, including hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Cognitive performance was evaluated by Morris water maze (MWM) test. Western blot and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction were utilized to assess the expression changes of protein and mRNA. Additionally, concentrations of PROG and ALLO in plasma, hippocampus and PFC were measured by a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. We demonstrated that PROG or ALLO could reverse the impaired spatial learning and memory abilities induced by ketamine, accompanied with the upregulation of PGRMC1/EGFR/GLP-1R/PI3K/Akt pathway. Additionally, the coadministration of AG205 abolished their neuroprotective effects and induced cognitive deficits similar with ketamine. More importantly, PROG concentrations were markedly elevated in PROG-treated groups in hippocampus, PFC and plasma, so as for ALLO concentrations in ALLO-treated groups. Interestingly, ALLO (16 mg kg−1) significantly increased the levels of PROG. These findings suggest that PROG can exert its neuroprotective effects via activating the PGRMC1/EGFR/GLP-1R/PI3K/Akt pathway in the brain, whereas ALLO also restores cognitive deficits partially via increasing the level of PROG in the brain to activate the PGRMC1 pathway.
Chronic Voluntary Alcohol Drinking Causes Anxiety-like Behavior, Thiamine Deficiency, and Brain Damage of Female Crossed High Alcohol Preferring Mice
Authors: Xu Hong , Li Hui , Liu Dexiang , Wen Wen , Xu Mei , Frank Jacqueline A. , Chen Jing , Zhu Haining , Grahame Nicholas J. , Luo Jia 
Published: March 2021

The central nervous system is vulnerable to chronic alcohol abuse, and alcohol dependence is a chronically relapsing disorder which causes a variety of physical and mental disorders. Appropriate animal models are important for investigating the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. The crossed High Alcohol Preferring mice prefer alcohol to water when given free access. In the present study, we used female cHAP mice as a model of chronic voluntary drinking to evaluate the effects of alcohol on neurobehavioral and neuropathological changes. The female cHAP mice had free-choice access to 10% ethanol and water, while control mice had access to water alone at the age of 60-day-old. The mice were exposed to alcohol for 7 months then subjected to neurobehavioral tests including open field (OF), elevated plus maze (EPM), and Morris water maze (MWM). Results from OF and EPM tests suggested that chronic voluntary drinking caused anxiety-like behaviors. After behavior tests, mice were sacrificed, and brain tissues were processed for biochemical analyses. Alcohol altered the levels of several neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors in the brain including gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), corticotropin-releasing factor, cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Alcohol increased the expression of neuroinflammation markers including interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and C-C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2). Alcohol also induced cleaved caspase-3 and glial fibrillary acidic protein, indicative of neurodegeneration and gliosis. In addition, alcohol inhibited the expression of thiamine transporters in the brain and reduced thiamine levels in the blood. Alcohol also caused oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and stimulated neurogenesis.
Comparative Efficacy of Seven Kinds of Chinese Medicine Injections in Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Guo Jie , Zhu Jia , Wang Qian , Wang Juan , Jia Yaodan 
Published: March 2021

Background: Chinese medicine injection is wildly used in Acute Lung Injury and Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) treatment. However, what kinds of CMIs are more effective in the ALI/ARDS treatment is uncertain.Objectives: Compare the efficacy of different CMIs to identify the optimal one for the therapy of ALI/ARDS patients.Data sources: We searched the data up to April 30, 2020 from MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, the China Science Journal Citation Report (VIP database), WanFang and the China National Knowledge InfrastructureStudy selection: Randomized Clinical Trials assessed at least one of the following outcomes: mortality, Oxygenation Index, length of ICU stay, mechanical ventilation duration, APACHEⅡ score, SOFA score and Murray score, for adult patients of ALI/ADRS. Eligible Studies should also use CMIs as complementary therapies in addition to the standard treatment.Data extraction and synthesis: Two reviewers independently assessed the data. Then, we used a Bayesian random-effects network meta-analysis for data synthesis.Results: Twenty-six studies were selected (involved 2073 participants). Seven kinds of CMIs were evaluated. Compared with standard treatment, Xuebijing is associated with lower mortality. Tanreqing and Xuebijing have the best effect on improving the Oxygenation Index. Huangqi, Danshen, Tanreqing and Xuebijing can significantly reduce the APACHE II score (Huangqi works better than Xuebijing). Huangqi and Xuebijing have the best effect on reducing mechanical ventilation duration and Murray score, while Xuebijing has the best effect on shortening the length of ICU stay.Conclusions: As adjuvant drugs, Xuebijing, Tanreqing and Huangqi show certain effects on treating ALI/ARDS in different aspects.
Cyclopiazonic Acid-Induced Ca2+ Store Depletion Initiates Endothelium-Dependent Hyperpolarization-Mediated Vasorelaxation of Mesenteric Arteries in Healthy and Colitis Mice
Authors: Zhang Lu Yun , Chen Xiong Ying , Dong Hui , Xu Feng 
Published: March 2021

Purposes: Since the role of store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) in endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH)-mediated vasorelaxation of mesenteric arteries in health and colitis is not fully understood, cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), a specific inhibitor of the sarco(endo) plasmic reticulum calcium-ATPases (SERCA), was used as a SOCE activator to investigate its role in normal mice and its alteration in colitis mice.Methods: The changes in Ca2+ signaling in vascular endothelial cells (VEC) were examined by single cell Ca2+ imaging and tension of mesenteric arteries in response to CPA were examined using Danish DMT520A microvascular measuring system.Results: CPA activated the SOCE through depletion of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ in endothelial cells. CPA had a concentration-dependent vasorelaxing effect in endothelium-intact mesenteric arteries, which was lost after endothelial removal. Both nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin (PGI2) inhibitors did not affect CPA-induced vasorelaxation; however, after both NO and PGI2 were inhibited, KCa channel blocker [10 mM tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA)] inhibited CPA-induced vasorelaxation while KCa channel activator (0.3 μM SKA-31) promoted it. Two SOCE blockers [30 μM SKF96365 and 100 μM flufenamic acid (FFA)], and an Orai channel blocker (30 μM GSK-7975A) inhibited this vasorelaxation. The inhibition of both Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) and Na+/Ca2+-exchange (NCX) also inhibited CPA-induced vasorelaxation. Finally, the CPA involved in EDH-induced vasorelaxation by the depletion of ER Ca2+ of mesenteric arteries was impaired in colitis mice.Conclusion: Depletion of ER Ca2+ by CPA induces a vasorelaxation of mesenteric arteries that is mediated through EDH mechanism and invokes the activation of SOCE. The CPA-induced endothelium-dependent dilation is impaired in colitis which may limit blood perfusion to the intestinal mucosa.
Pênfigo vulgar e conceitos atuais para a prática odontológica: relato de caso
Authors: Carvalho Bárbara Rodrigues , Queiroz Ana Flávia Santos , Martins Érika Ferreira , Dias Maria Clara da Paz , Brazão Silva Marco Tullio 
Published: March 2021

Introdução: O pênfigo vulgar (PV) é uma doença autoimune caracterizada pela formação de bolhas em mucosas e/ou pele que estouram facilmente, gerando lesões irregulares. O prognóstico depende de um tratamento precoce, reduzindo riscos de infecção secundária e/ou agravamento da doença que pode levar ao óbito. Objetivo: Relatar um caso clínico e sua condução com discussão pautada nos aspectos atuais da literatura sobre a doença com relação à abordagem odontológica. Relato de Caso: Paciente do sexo feminino, 24 anos, leucoderma, com queixa de dor e descamação gengival que não regrediu após 1 ano de terapias focadas em controle de biofilme e hábitos de higiene bucal. Ao exame extrabucal não foram observadas lesões. Ao exame intrabucal observou-se a ocorrência de eritema em gengiva marginal e papilar por vestibular com pequenos pontos de ulceração rasa e dolorosa. O teste de Nikolsky realizado com o auxílio de uma seringa resultou em positivo. Realizou-se na sequência uma biópsia incisional na região próxima a este local. A histopatologia mostrou lesão de mucosa por acantólise, com formação de fenda intraepitelial e células de Tzank, culminando no diagnóstico de PV. O tratamento consistiu em corticosteroides tópicos, principalmente às custas de Clobetasol em terapia oclusiva, mostrando adequado controle de úlceras e dor. Conclusão: Quadros de gengivite não associadas ao biofilme representam desafio na rotina do cirurgião-dentista, e o PV deve ser parte do rol de hipóteses para o desenvolvimento de uma propedêutica adequada, proporcionando qualidade de vida e diagnóstico precoce.
ТВОРЧА СПАДЩИНА СОФІЇ РУСОВОЇ: АНДРАГОГІЧНИЙ АСПЕКТ
Authors: Аніщенко Олена 
Published: March 2021

На основі аналізу першоджерел і сучасних дослідницьких матеріалів в оглядовій публікації висвітлено погляди Софії Русової щодо освіти дорослого населення, освіти впродовж життя. Автором наголошено, що у творчій спадщині Софії Русової відображено окремі аспекти теорії і практики освіти дорослих (змістовий, організаційний, управлінський тощо). Обґрунтовано, що у контексті андрагогічних досліджень особливий інтерес становлять здійснений С. Русовою аналіз зарубіжного досвіду навчання дорослих (праці педагога щодо позашкільної освіти (історія розвитку, успішні зарубіжні практики тощо). Особливу увагу приділено висвітленню поглядів Софії Русової щодо створення, функціонування вечірніх і недільних шкіл, народних «домів» та університетів для навчання дорослих. Підкреслено, що Софія Русова переконливо обґрунтовувала необхідність читання у житті дітей, молоді та дорослих, наголошувала на важливості облаштування бібліотек, музеїв. Зазначено, що у сфері освіти дорослих Софія Русова пропагувала ідеї неперервності освіти, поєднання інтелектуальних занять із обов’язковим фізичним навантаженням, дотримання здорового способу життя, наполягала на необхідності використання набутих знань, умінь і навичок у професійній діяльності та повсякденному житті тощо. Акцентовано увагу на тому, що фундамент педагогічного доробку С. Русової складають ідеї гуманістично орієнтованого національного виховання, упровадження яких забезпечує формування й розвиток повноцінної різнобічно розвиненої, творчої, самостійної особистості, громадянина. На думку автора статті, ідеї педагога про оптимальне поєднання фізичної та розумової праці, організацію роботи з книгою, збереження здоров’я, обов’язкове створення сприятливого мікроклімату в учнівському колективі тощо дозволяють вивчати педагогічну спадщину Софії Русової як у контексті наукової організації праці, так й андрагогічної проблемптики.
Ключові слова: Софія Русова; творча спадщина; освіта дорослих; андрагогічний аспект.
KEBERAGAMAAN ORANG JAWA DALAM PANDANGAN CLIFFORD GEERTZ DAN MARK R. WOODWARD
Authors: Amrozi Shoni Rahmatullah 
Published: March 2021

Artikel ini membahas perbedaan pandangan Clifford Geertz dan Mark R. Woodward tentang keberagamaan orang Jawa. Kedua pandangan ini menjadi rujukan bagi para intelektual yang mendalami kajian tentang agama (Islam) di masyarakat Jawa. Geertz mengkategorikan kelompok agama dalam masyarakat Jawa (Abangan, Santri, dan Priyayi) berdasarkan penelitiannya di Mojokuto (Pare, Kediri, Jawa Timur). Sementara itu, Mark R. Woodward meneliti keberagamaan orang Jawa di Yogyakarta. Woodward menganggap Yogyakarta sebagai pusat budaya masyarakat Jawa dan dianggap mampu mengkolaborasikan Islam dan budaya lokal. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa Geertz menilai bahwa keberagamaan orang Jawa terkait dengan ketaatan dan ketidaktaatan. Sementara itu, Woodward melihat keberagamanan ini sebagai salah satu bentuk tafsir terhadap Islam oleh masyarakat Jawa..

Kata Kunci: Islam Jawa, Abangan, santri, priyai

Abstract:
This article examines the different views of Clifford Geertz and Mark R. Woodward about Javanese religiousness. Both of their studies, even today, have become references for intellectuals who study religion (Islam) in Javanese society.
Geertz categorized the religious groups in Javanese society (Abangan, Santri, and Priyayi). Geertz's (the 1950s) view have based on his research in Modjokuto (Pare, Kediri, East Java). Meanwhile, Mark R. Woodward researched Javanese religiousness in Yogyakarta (the 1980s). Woodward observed Yogyakarta as the cultural centre of Javanese society. It is considered capable of collaborating between Islam and local culture. The article concludes that Geertz assessed that Javanese religiousness was related to religious obedience and disobedience. Meanwhile, Woodward sees this diversity as a type of interpretation of Islam by the Javanese community.
Comparison of magnetic response between dielectric metamaterials and ferromagnetic materials, toward application to microwave absorbers
Authors: Hyodo Kazushige 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Dielectric metamaterials are examined as candidates for magnetic absorption materials above tens of GHz, as alternatives to conventionally used ferromagnetic materials. We studied the permeability characteristics of these dielectric metamaterials near the resonance frequency and compared them with those of ferromagnetic materials. The main result is that the magnetic loss of these metamaterials is expected to exceed those of ferromagnetic materials over the tens of GHz range because of their superior dependence of permeability on increasing frequency. This magnetic resonance was also confirmed experimentally using BaTiO3 and Bi0.5K0.5TiO3 near 10 GHz.
Intrauterine Insemination Success Rates Between Patients TSH Level of 2.5 mIU/L and 2.5-4.5 mIU/L
Authors: Uluutku Gizem Berfin , Ergin Basak , Kale İbrahim , Bayık Rahime Nida 
Published: March 2021

The aim of this study to assess whether there is a need to decrease the TSH level below 2.5 mIU/L in unexplainable infertility patients who were undergoing intrauterine insemination and determining the difference between patients with a TSH level of 2.5 mIU / L and patients with a TSH level of 2.5-4.5 mIU/L in terms of the success of intrauterine insemination. This study conduct via cross-sectional examinations of the 272 patients who applied to Ümraniye Training and Research Hospital infertility outpatient clinic between 01.06.2017-01.10.2019, who underwent intrauterine insemination with the diagnosis of unexplained infertility. Results research the mean age of the cases participating in our study is 31.65 ± 5.28, and the mean BMI measured as 24.17 ± 4.30 kg / m2. TSH values range from 0.3 to 5.2, with an average of 1.84 ± 0.93; while TSH value of 174 cases (77.3%) is below 2.5 mIU/L, TSH value of 51 cases (22.7%) is between 2.5-4.5mIU/L. Within the control group with TSH <2.5 mIU/L, the cycle was canceled in 13 cases (7.5%), pregnancy did not occur in 143 cases (82.2%). While ongoing pregnancy was achieved in 17 cases (9.8%), clinical pregnancy was achieved in 1 case (0,6%). Also, within the study group with a TSH value of 2.5-4.5 mIU/L, cycles were canceled in 7 cases (13.7%), pregnancy did not occur in 40 cases (78.4%), and ongoing pregnancy was achieved in 4 patients (7.8%). There was no statistically significant difference in terms of intrauterine insemination success between the control group with TSH <2.5 mIU / L and the study group with TSH 2.5-4.5 mIU/L. Widespread randomized controlled prospective studies need to determine the optimal TSH threshold value before TSH treatment of the women receiving infertility treatment.
Towards a systematic approach to manual annotation of code smells
Authors: Slivka Jelena , Luburić Nikola , Prokić Simona , Grujić Katarina-Glorija , Kovačević Aleksandar , Sladić Goran , Vidaković Dragan 
Published: March 2021

<p><strong>This is a preprint of an article published in the</strong> <em><strong>Science of Computer Programming</strong></em><strong>. The final peer-reviewed publication is available online at:</strong><br>
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2023.102999" target="_blank"><u>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2023.102999</u></a> </p>
<p><br></p>
<p>Code smells are structures in code that indicate the presence of maintainability issues. A significant problem with code smells is their ambiguity. They are challenging to define, and software engineers have a different understanding of what a code smell is and which code suffers from code smells.</p>
<p>A solution to this problem could be an AI digital assistant that understands code smells and can detect (and perhaps resolve) them. However, it is challenging to develop such an assistant as there are few usable datasets of code smells on which to train and evaluate it. Furthermore, the existing datasets suffer from issues that mostly arise from an unsystematic approach used for their construction.</p>
<p>Through this work, we address this issue by developing a procedure for the systematic manual annotation of code smells. We use this procedure to build a dataset of code smells. During this process, we refine the procedure and identify recommendations and pitfalls for its use. The primary contribution is the proposed annotation model and procedure and the annotators’ experience report. The dataset and supporting tool are secondary contributions of our study. Notably, our dataset includes open-source projects written in the C# programming language, while almost all manually annotated datasets contain projects written in Java.</p>