bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of different cleaning agents and resin cement materials on the bond strength of contaminated zirconia
Authors: Cinel Sahin Sezgi , Celik Ersan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the effect of different cleaning methods and resin cements on the shear bond strength (SBS) of contaminated zirconia. A total of 92 disc‐shaped zirconia specimens were contaminated with different procedures. Then, the specimens were grouped according to cleaning methods and resin cements: no cleaning + Variolink Esthetic DC (CNV), no cleaning + Panavia V5 (CNP), sandblasted + Variolink Esthetic DC (SBV), sandblasted + Panavia V5 (SBP), Ivoclean + Variolink Esthetic DC (ICV), Ivoclean + Panavia V5 (ICP), Katana Cleaner + Variolink Esthetic DC (KCV), and Katana Cleaner + Panavia V5 (KCP). Following an aging protocol in a 37°C for 1 week, SBS analysis was performed with a universal test machine. For the surface topography and elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used. Significance was evaluated as p < .05 and p < .01. The highest SBS results were found in the SBP group, showing a statistically significant difference from all other groups (p < .05). For the same cleaning method, Panavia V5 showed statistically significantly higher SBS values than Variolink Esthetic DC (p < .01), except the CNP–CNV (p = .880) and KCP–KCV (p = .082) groups. The most detected surface elements by EDS were Zr, O, C, and N, respectively. The contaminated zirconia surfaces must be cleaned for successful adhesion. The use of phosphate‐containing adhesives in combination with sandblasting will increase the adhesion strength, and universal cleaning agents can be a good alternative to sandblasting.
Randomized control trial on perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in live liver donors: Are three doses enough?
Authors: Gupta Sahil , Sinha Piyush Kumar , Patil Nilesh Sadashiv , Mohapatra Nihar , Sindwani Gaurav , Garg Neha , Khillan Vikas , Pamecha Viniyendra 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe duration of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis following live liver donor hepatectomy (LDH) is not known.MethodsThis is a double‐blind equivalence trial. All consecutive LDH were randomized into: group A (three doses) and group B (nine doses) of perioperative antibiotics (piperacillin + tazobactam − 4.5 g intravenous) at fixed 8 hourly intervals. Primary end point was incidence of infective complications as per CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) criteria. Secondary end points were liver function tests, total leukocyte count, international normalized ratio, hospital stay, morbidity, and cost analysis.ResultsOne hundred and twenty‐six LDHs were enrolled. A total of 19.8% (n = 25) experienced postoperative complications, 11 (17.7%) in group A and 14 (21.9%) in group B (P = .561). Infective complications were seen in 11 donors (8.1%), five in group A and six in group B (P = .79). A total of 8.1% of donors required continuation/up‐gradation of antibiotics in group A and 9.4% in group B. Return to soft diet was delayed in group B (P = .039). Median hospital stay and cost were similar.ConclusionThree doses of perioperative antibiotic are equally effective in preventing infective complications.
Single session endoscopic ultrasound‐guided double bypass (hepaticogastrostomy and gastrojejunostomy) for concomitant duodenal and biliary obstruction: A case series
Authors: Canakis Andrew , Hathorn Kelly E. , Irani Shayan S. , Baron Todd H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundConcomitant malignant biliary and gastric outlet obstruction can be difficult to manage endoscopically with traditional endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and luminal stenting. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)‐guided hepaticogastrostomy (HG) and gastrojejunostomy (GJ) are novel techniques that can relieve both obstructions in a single session. This study aims to describe the outcomes of combined, single session EUS‐HG and EUS‐GJ.MethodsThis is a two‐center retrospective study of consecutive patients who underwent same session EUS‐HG and EUS‐GJ. The primary outcome was technical success. Secondary outcomes included adverse events (AE), reduction in total serum bilirubin, length of hospital stay (LOS), and re‐intervention rates.ResultsA total of 23 patients underwent EUS‐HG and EUS‐GJ (12 males, mean age 66.4 years). Twenty‐one were performed for malignant obstruction. Technical success was 100% and 95.6% for HG and GJ, respectively. All patients subsequently tolerated a soft diet and 72.7% (16/22) of patients had a 50% reduction in bilirubin post‐procedure. The median LOS for the 17 patients who were not discharged home immediately following the procedure was 2 (range 1‐20) days. There were five AEs (2 mild, 3 moderate). Only three patients required reintervention (interventional radiology‐guided biliary drainage, stent exchange for a benign biliary stricture, and placement of a second stent through an occluded distal common bile duct stent) over a median follow‐up of 78 days. One patient with pancreatic cancer underwent successful tumor resection.ConclusionSingle session EUS‐guided double bypass (HG and GJ) is technically feasible and safe when conducted by experienced endosonographers. Larger, comparative studies are needed.
Methionine synthase deficiency: Variable clinical presentation and benefit of early diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Kripps Kimberly A. , Sremba Leighann , Larson Austin A. , Van Hove Johan L.K. , Nguyen Hoanh , Wright Erica L. , Mirsky David M. , Watkins David , Rosenblatt David S. , Ketteridge David , Berry Susan A. , McCandless Shawn E. , Baker Peter R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMethionine synthase deficiency (cblG complementation group) is a rare inborn error of metabolism affecting the homocysteine re‐methylation pathway. It leads to a biochemical phenotype of hyperhomocysteinemia and hypomethioninemia. The clinical presentation of cblG is variable, ranging from seizures, encephalopathy, macrocytic anemia, hypotonia, and feeding difficulties in the neonatal period to onset of psychiatric symptoms or acute neurologic changes in adolescence or adulthood. Given the variable and nonspecific symptoms seen in cblG, the diagnosis of affected patients is often delayed. Medical management of cblG includes the use of hydroxocobalamin, betaine, folinic acid, and in some cases methionine supplementation. Treatment has been shown to lead to improvement in the biochemical profile of affected patients, with lowering of total homocysteine levels and increasing methionine levels. However, the published literature contains differing conclusions on whether treatment is effective in changing the natural history of the disease. Herein, we present five patients with cblG who have shown substantial clinical benefit from treatment with objective improvement in their neurologic outcomes. We demonstrate more favorable outcomes in our patients who were treated early in life, especially those who were treated before neurologic symptoms manifested. Given improved outcomes from treatment of presymptomatic patients, cblG warrants inclusion in newborn screening.
A stone in the bone
Authors: Halfon Matthieu , Cochat Pierre , Kissling Sebastien , Dattner Nicolas , de Leval Laurence , Fakhouri Fadi , Pruijm Menno , Bonny Olivier 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPrimary hyperoxaluria (PH) is a group of diseases due to mutations in genes coding for enzymes involved in oxalate metabolism. Three types of PH are identified depending on the gene mutated. Type 1 is the most frequent with 80% of the cases, while PH2 and PH3 are rarer. The severity of renal involvement varies between the three types. Indeed, between 60% and 80% of PH1 but only 20% of PH2 patients will reach end‐stage kidney disease. In PH3 patients, dialysis is uncommon. Because oxalate clearance is impaired in CKD patients, oxalate can precipitate in various organs leading to systemic oxalosis. We report an uncommon presentation of bone oxalosis associated with hypercalcemia in a dialyzed patient. This report emphasizes the difficulties to diagnose primary hyperoxaluria and the challenge of treating dialyzed patients.
Breakthrough SARS‐CoV‐2 infections among BBV‐152 (COVAXIN®) and AZD1222 (COVISHIELDTM) recipients: Report from the eastern state of India
Authors: Dash Girish C. , Subhadra Subhra , Turuk Jyotirmayee , Parai Debaprasad , Rath Sonalika , Sabat Jyotsnamayee , Rout Usha K. , Kanungo Srikanta , Choudhary Hari R. , Nanda Rashmi R. , Pattnaik Matrujyoti , Pati Sanghamitra , Bhattacharya Debdutta 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this study, we attempted to record the breakthrough cases reported through passive and voluntary reporting at various healthcare facilities from different districts of Odisha, their clinical presentation, requirement of hospitalization postinfection, and antibody titer against spike antigen. Nasopharyngeal swab and serum samples alongwith demographic, clinical presentation and requirement of hospitalization postinfection were collected from vaccinated individuals through passive and voluntary reporting to various healthcare facilities of Odisha state to detect the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) virus infection and quantitative estimation of antibody titers. A total of 274 samples were found to be positive after 14 days of receiving complete doses of the vaccines. More than 83.2% of the individuals were found to be symptomatic with 9.9% of those required hospitalization. The seropositivity in individuals receiving Covishield (96.7%) was significantly higher than in Covaxin (77.1%). Hospitalized patients were having less median antibody titers than individuals in home isolation. The median age for breakthrough infection among the referred cases was 47.0 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 28.0) with a significantly older age group among Covishield recipients. The median spike receptor binding domain IgG titer values for Covaxin and Covishield recipients were 213.5 AU/ml (IQR: 537.5) and 647.5 AU/ml (IQR: 1645.1), respectively. The results reported here highlight the need for systematic data capture for the breakthrough infections to monitor the emergence of any vaccine escape variants and to plan the next steps in the coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) vaccine development by understanding the link between clinical protection and measured immunity against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
Assessment of the effects of spatiotemporal characteristics of drought on crop yields in southwest China
Authors: Mokhtar Ali , He Hongming , Alsafadi Karam , Mohammed Safwan , Ayantobo Olusola O. , Elbeltagi Ahmed , Abdelwahab Ossama M. M. , Zhao Hongfei , Quan Ye , Abdo Hazem Ghassan , Gyasi‐Agyei Yeboah , Li Yu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThere are limited literature on the impacts of drought on crop yields in warm regions such as southwest China. Drought vulnerability of four different crops (wheat, rice, maize and sugarcane) cultivated in three provinces (Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan) within southwest China were investigated in this study. It was based on the drought index of standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) for ‐3‐ and ‐6 months timescales (SPEI‐3 and SPEI‐6). The correlation between the SPEI and the standardized yield residuals series index for the individual crops was estimated for the period from 1960 to 2018. The highest drought duration was recorded in the southern part of the study area especially in the Yunnan Province. For SPEI‐3, 60% of the total area was affected by drought mainly during the months from August to December for about 13 years (2005–2018). In terms of SPEI‐6, the total affected area by the drought exceeded 80% during the timeframe from 2009 to 2013. Among the studied crops, winter wheat had the highest annual crop yield losses particularly in 2010 when the loss exceeded 50%. The results of this study have implications for agricultural management and climate policymaking in minimizing the influence of drought under the warming climate in southwest China. Further, it provides greater insight into crop–climate interactions and sustainable crop production.
Dietary xylo‐oligosaccharide ameliorates colonic mucus microbiota penetration with restored autophagy in interleukin‐10 gene–deficient mice
Authors: Chen Zhongxia , Shen Xiao , Zhou Qunyan , Zhan Qiang , Xu Xingwen , Chen Qiuyu , An Fangmei , Sun Jing 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is, nowadays, highly prevalent and presents a global clinical challenge. The objective of this study is to assess the effects of xylo‐oligosaccharide (XOS) on Il10–/– mice, a classic animal model of IBD.MethodsMale wild‐type (WT) mice were assigned to WT group, and Il10–/– mice were assigned to interleukin‐10 gene–deficient (IL‐10–KO) group and XOS group, respectively. There were 6–8 mice aged 8 weeks in each group. Mice in the XOS group received 1.0 g/kg/day XOS by gavage for 4 weeks.ResultsCompared with mice in IL‐10–KO group, Il10–/– mice with XOS intervention presented significant mild spontaneous colitis with lower disease activity index, histological scores, and bowel inflammatory cytokine levels. Dietary XOS downregulated bowel mucus bacterial penetration, which occurred as early as the onset of bowel colitis. The effect of XOS was associated with restored expression of LC3II/I and decreased expression of p62 and beclin‐1 in colon.ConclusionsTherefore, XOS decreases colonic mucus microbiota penetration with restored function of antophagy. Our findings suggest that XOS may be a potential dietary supplement or functional food for early management of IBD.
Clitoria ternatea (Linn.) flower extract attenuates vascular dysfunction and cardiac hypertrophy via modulation of Ang II/AT1R/TGF‐β1 cascade in hypertensive rats
Authors: Maneesai Putcharawipa , Chaihongsa Nisita , Iampanichakul Metee , Meephat Sariya , Prasatthong Patoomporn , Bunbupha Sarawoot , Wunpathe Chutamas , Pakdeechote Poungrat 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDClitoria ternatea (CT) (the Fabaceae family) has been reported to elicit several biological responses, such as anti‐inflammation and anti‐depression effects. This study evaluated the effect of CT flower extract on blood pressure, vascular function, and left ventricular hypertrophy in a two‐kidney, one‐clip (2K‐1C) rat model. Hypertensive rats were treated with CT extract at various doses (100, 300, or 500 mg kg−1 day−1) or losartan (10 mg kg−1 day−1) for 4 weeks (n = 8/group).RESULTSCT extract reduced blood pressure in a dose‐dependent manner, and CT extract at a dose of 300 mg kg−1 was an effective concentration (P < 0.05). Augmentation of contractile responses to electrical field stimulation and impairment of vascular responses to acetylcholine in mesenteric vascular beds and aortic rings of 2K‐1C rats were suppressed by treatment with CT extract or losartan (P < 0.05). Serum angiotensin‐converting enzyme activity and plasma angiotensin II concentration were high in 2K‐1C rats but alleviated by CT extract or losartan treatment (P < 0.05). Increases in superoxide production and lipid peroxidation were attenuated in 2K‐1C rats treated with CT extract or losartan compared with the untreated group (P < 0.05). Increased plasma concentration of nitric oxide metabolites was found in hypertensive rats that received CT extract or losartan. CT extract or losartan suppressed the overexpression of Ang II receptor subtype I (AT1‐R) and transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) in 2K‐1C rats.CONCLUSIONCT extract had antihypertensive effects that were associated with improving vascular function and cardiac hypertrophy in 2K‐1C rats. The mechanisms involved suppression of the renin–angiotensin system, of oxidative stress, and of the AT1R/TGF‐β1 cascade. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Vitamin A alleviates heat stress‐induced damage to hair follicle development in Rex rabbits
Authors: Yue Zhengkai , Li Chenyang , Liu Yongxu , Liu Mengqi , Zhao Man , Li Fuchang , Liu Lei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDRex rabbits are important fur rabbits. Heat stress severely reduces the fur quality of Rex rabbits. The aim of this study was to experimentally investigate the effect of dietary vitamin A (VA) addition on hair follicle development and related signal pathways in Rex rabbits under heat stress.RESULTSIn the experiment, 90 Rex rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: control group (20–25 °C, fed basic diet), heat stress group (30–34 °C, fed basic diet), and heat stress + VA group (20–25 °C, fed 12 000 IU/kg VA in addition to the basic diet). VA could significantly increase the hair follicle density (P < 0.01), hair length (P < 0.05), and the ratio of secondary to primary hair follicles (P < 0.05). In addition, VA could significantly inhibit the expression of BMP2, BMP4, FGF5, TGF‐β1, and miR‐214 in heat‐stressed Rex rabbits and significantly increase the expression of noggin, IGF1, IGF1R, Wnt10b, CTNNB1, SHH, and miR‐203 and the levels of Wnt10b and p‐β‐catenin; however, there was no significant effect of VA on the expression of EGF and miR‐205.CONCLUSIONThe dietary addition of VA can increase the hair follicle density and fur quality of heat‐stressed Rex rabbits. Wnt10/β‐catenin, insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF1), fibroblast growth factor 5 (FGF5), noggin–BMP, and sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling were associated with VA regulation under heat stress. It is possible that miR‐205 and miR‐194 contribute to the regulation of Wnt10/β‐catenin and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Comparison of fertilizer use efficiency in grain production between developing countries and developed countries
Authors: Liu Qinpu , Wu Ta Yeong , Pu Lijie , Sun Jingrong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe investigation of chemical fertilization intensity (FI) and efficiency can provide basal data for decision‐making in food production and environmental impact assessments of fertilization. The present study aimed to compare trends of the FI and efficiency during 1961–2018 in developed and developing countries using a simple method.RESULTSThe FI in China increased rapidly from approximately 5 kg ha−1 in 1961 to the highest value of 282 kg ha−1 in 2014, and then decreased to approximately 231 kg ha−1 in 2018. Although the fertilizer allocation efficiency (FAE) showed a slight downward trend, a slight upward trend was observed for fertilizer integrated efficiency (FIE). FIs in India, Iran and Turkey continuously increased from 5 kg ha−1 in 1961 to 116, 49(148 in 2006),120 kg ha−1 in 2018, respectively, whereas FAEs showed a significant fluctuation around horizontal direction or downward trends and their FIEs showed a slight fluctuation downward. The FIs of Britain, Germany and France, excluding USA, increased rapidly from approximately 200–400 kg ha−1 in 1960s to peaks of 430–530 kg ha−1 in 1980s, decreasing to 150–340 kg ha−1 around 2010, and then increased to the current level of 200–350 kg ha−1, whereas FAEs and FIEs increased rapidly.CONCLUSIONFrance and Germany were found to have moderate chemical fertilizer input and the highest FIE. Thus, their experiences of ecological agricultures in both countries could provide good examples for developing countries to follow. In brief, models of FAE and FIE are an easier way of reflecting fertilizer efficiencies in developed and developing countries. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Characterizing the host response to rhPDGF‐BB in a rat spinal arthrodesis model
Authors: Yamaguchi Jonathan T. , Weiner Joseph A. , Minardi Silvia , Greene Allison C. , Ellenbogen David J. , Hallman Mitchell J. , Shah Vivek P. , Weisz Kevin M. , Jeong Soyeon , Nandurkar Tejas , Yun Chawon , Hsu Wellington K. , Hsu Erin L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundDue to the constraints surrounding autograft bone, surgeons have turned to osteoinductive agents to augment spinal fusion. Reports of complications and questionable efficacy slowed the adoption of these alternatives. Recombinant human platelet‐derived growth factor B homodimer (rhPDGF‐BB) has been Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved (Augment) to promote fusion in other areas of orthopedics, but its characterization in spine fusion has not yet been tested. The purpose of this study is to characterize the host response to PDGF‐BB in vivo.MethodsEighty female Fischer rats underwent L4‐5 posterolateral fusion using one of four implant types: (a) iliac crest syngeneic allograft harvested from syngeneic donors, (b) β‐TCP/bovine collagen matrix (β‐TCP/Col) with sodium acetate buffer, (c) β‐TCP/Col with 0.3 mg/mL “low dose,” or (d) β‐TCP/Col with 3.0 mg/mL “high dose” of rhPDGF‐BB. Animals underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and serum cytokine quantification at 4, 7, 10, and 21 days, postoperatively. Tissues were processed for immunofluorescence staining for Ki67 and von Willebrand factor (vWF) to assess neovascularization.ResultsMRI demonstrated no differences in fluid accumulation among the four treatment groups at any of the time points. Serum cytokine analysis showed no clinically significant differences between treatment groups in 20 of the 27 cytokines. Inflammatory cytokines IFN‐γ, IL‐1β, IL‐18, MCP‐1, MIP‐1α, TNF‐α were not induced by rhPDGF‐BB. Histology showed no differences in cell infiltration, and Ki67 and vWF immunofluorescence staining was similar among groups.ConclusionsrhPDGF‐BB delivered with a β‐TCP/Col matrix exerts no exaggerated systemic or local host inflammatory response when compared to iliac crest syngeneic allograft bone or the control carrier. rhPDGF‐BB mixed with a β‐TCP/Col matrix could be a viable and safe biologic alternative to syngeneic allograft in spine fusion. Further studies need to be performed to evaluate efficacy in this setting.
Simultaneous determination of caffeine and its metabolites in rat plasma by UHPLC‐MS/MS
Authors: Kertys Martin , Žideková Nela , Pršo Kristián , Maráková Katarína , Kmeťová Katarína , Mokrý Juraj 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCaffeine is a widely consumed psychostimulant with several mechanisms of action and various positive and negative effects on organisms. Caffeine undergoes extensive hepatic metabolism to form main metabolites such as theobromine, theophylline, paraxanthine, and 1,3,7‐trimethyluric acid. However, interspecies diversities have been observed in caffeine metabolism. In the present study, we developed a sensitive and straightforward ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method to quantify caffeine and its primary metabolites, namely theobromine, theophylline, paraxanthine, and 1,3,7‐trimethyluric acid in rat plasma. After extraction of analytes using micro solid‐phase extraction plate, analytes were separated by elution gradient on the Acquity UPLC HSS T3 (50 × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm) column over 4 min. The detection was done on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer by multiple reaction monitoring modes using a positive electrospray ionization interface. The method was successfully validated according to the European Medicine Agency guideline over a concentration range of 5–1500 ng/ml for caffeine, 5–1200 ng/mL for theobromine, and 2.5–1200 ng/mL for theophylline, paraxanthine, and 1,3,7‐trimethyluric acid. The developed method was applied to analyze samples from animal experiments focusing on the metabolism and effects of caffeine and caffeine‐containing beverages.