bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Diego blood group system-an update
Authors: Gustavsson M.L , Oriol R. , Samuelsson B.E , Henry S.M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We orally administered to rats several times more Leb glycolipids than is proportionally found in the gastrointestinal tract of humans. This was done in an effort to study two potential phenomena: the possibility that glycolipids in plasma may originate from glycolipids derived from the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract and to investigate the potential to secondarily modify in vivo the glycolipid profile of gastrointestinal tract epithelial cells, a phenomenon clearly established for human erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets. We were able to establish that some of the orally administered glycolipids can be detected at the surface of the upper region mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract for more than 24 hours and are essentially excreted intact in stools in less than 72 hours. Some fecal degradation of the Leb glycolipids into Lea and H type 1 did occur. Although we clearly established that the glycolipids were present in the mucus layer adherent to the cell surface, we could not conclusively establish if the glycolipids had inserted into the epithelial cell membrane. This, however, could not be excluded. The fact that the fed glycolipids remained in the mucus layer of the upper region of the gastrointestinal tract tor at least 24 hours may have some pharmacological value. Using sensitive techniques, including red cell serology, immunohistology, and immunochemistry of glycolipids isolated from plasma and red cells, there was no evidence that the fed Leb glycolipids reached the plasma compartment, thus suggesting that glycolipids present in the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract cannot reach the circulation.
Immunohematalogy
1999;150.150-158.
The Diego blood group system-an update
Authors: Rumseuy D.H , Nance S.J , Rubino M. , Sandler S.G 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Anti-Jka was detected by solid-phase red cell adherence(SPRCA) anti-body detection and identification tests in the plasma of a 9-month-old female intant during a roatine presurgical evaluation. the pation and her nonidentical twin sister who also had anti-Jka in her plasma, were products at an uncomplicated in vitro fertilization, full -term preganancy, and vaginal delivery Neither twin had been tranfered recently infected. or treated with medication. their mother had no prior pregnancies or transfusions. Red blood cells (RBCs) from the patient and her sister typed as Jk(a-b+) by direct hemagghutination and this phenotype was confirmed by negative adsorption and elution studies. Both infants plasma samples were strongly reactive with 20 examples of Jk(a+) RBCs and nonreactive with 20 examples of Jk(a-) RBCs by SPRCA assays. Anti-Jka was not detected in either twins plasma by Indirect antiglobulin tests by tube method in lowionie-strength saline solution or polyethylene glycol, or with ficin- or papain-treated RBCs. Monocyte monolayer assays using Jk(a+) RBCs sensitized by either twins’ serum were nonreactive (0%). RBCs from both parents typed as Jk(a+b+). Both parents’ antibody detection test results by SPRCA assay were negative. The absence of a history of exposure to allogeneic RBCs or possible passive transfer of maternal or other alloantibody classifies these antibodies as natually-occurring anti-Jka.
Immunohemalology
1999;15: 159-162.
Evaluation and comparison of three human monoclonal anti-S, two human polyclonal anti-S, and one murine anti-GPB
Authors: Halverson G.R , Reid M.E , Sutberland J. , Rhodes M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Polyclonal anti-S react with Met28 or red blood cell (RBC) bound gly cophorin B (GPB) but may also require adjacent amino acids. Treatment of RBCs with certain enzymes and sodium hypochlorite based bleach (NaClO) affect the interaction of GPB with anti-S. Some, but not all, anti-S react with hybrid glycopborin molecules associated with the TSEN antigen. The purpose of this study was to characterize monoclonal anti-S and to compare their reactivity to polyclonal anti-S in order to determine their potential as blood group reagents and research tools. Furthermore, through inhibition experiments, we attempted to define the epitope recognized by the antibodies. Three monoclonal (MS-93: MS-94; MS-95) and two polyclonal (Al958; X1960) anti-S anti a monoclonal anti-GPB (Mab 148) were tested by standard hemagglutination with RBCs of known common and rare phenotype, with S+ RBCs treated with enzymes, with different concentrations of NaClO, and after incubation with synthetic peptides. The anti-S gave different patterns of reactivity. Reactivity with sialidase-treated RBCs showed that MS-93, MS-95. Mab 148. and X1960 recognize sialic acid independent epitopes, whereas MS-94 and A1958 require sialic acid for optimal reactivity. MS-95 and X1960 were strongly reactive with TSEN+ RBCs and only Mab 148 agglutinated S- Dantu+ and S- St(a+) RBCs MS-94 and Mab 148 agglutinated S+ RBCs treated with NaClO. MS-93 was inhibited only by the 14-mer S-specific synthetic peptide whereas MS-95 was inhibited by all three synthetic peptides containing S-relevant residues. This study clearly demonstrates that different anti-S have different characteristics that should be analyzed before selecting monoclonal antibodies for the basis of reagents for use in the clinical laboratory. These anti-S, because of their varied characteristics, will be useful research tools. Immunohematology 1999; 15:163-166.
Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria and the elusive Donath- Landsteiner antibody
Authors: Sokol R.J. , Booker D.J. , Stamps R. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Four patients with paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH) illustrate some of the difficulties in making the diagnosis. A 46-year-old male presented with anemia, a weakly positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) with anti-IgG, a haptoglobin < 0.1 g/L, and a cold autoagglutinin showing anti-P specificity. A 9-year-old female had a 4-day coryzal illness, a 20 g/L fall in hemoglobin over 24 hours, and a haptoglobin < 0.1 g/L; the DAT was positive with anti-C3d. A 3-year-old female was referred following a rapid drop in hemoglobin of 30 g/L; the DAT was positive with anti-C3d. A 17-month-old female, unwell for 2 weeks, had a hemoglobin of 41 g/L; the DAT was strongly positive with anti-C3d and weakly positive with anti-IgG and -C3c. In all patients, PCH was confirmed by positive indirect Donath- Landsteiner tests, and the autoantibodies demonstrated P specificity. In two patients, the test was strongly positive; in the third patient, it was only positive using papainized red cells; and in the fourth patient, a two-stage papainized procedure was needed before a positive result was obtained. PCH must always be considered in a child with a rapid drop in hemoglobin, even if initial tests are negative.
Evidence that the low-incidence red cell antigens Rla and Lsa are identical
Authors: Kornstad L. , Green C.A. , Sistonen P. , Daniels G.L. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Testing of Ls(a-t-) and Rl(a+) red cells with numerous antisera containing antibodies to low-incidence antigens indicated that these antigens are identical. This conclusion was confirmed by adsorption and elution tests, and supported by immunoblotting of Ls(a-t-) and Rl(a+) cells with antibodies to glycophorin C and glycophorin D.
Immunohematology
1996;12:8-10.
Characteristics of anti-Cob in vitro and in vivo: a case study
Authors: Hoffmann J.J.M.L , Overbeeke M.A.M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Serologic and biologic properties of an example of anti-Cob were investigated. The antibody was of the IgG class, and it bound small amounts of complement. It reacted optimally in the albumin-antiglobulin test with little or no enhancement of its reactivity in tests using enzymes. Additional experiments indicated that the Cob antigen is resistant to treatment with chemicals known to destroy other antigens. The antibody caused shortened survival of radiolabeled Co(b+) donor red cells in our patient. At 24 hours, nearly 50 percent of the red cells were no longer detectable in the circulation. It is concluded that anti-Cob is a clinically relevant antibody, a fact that must be taken into account when transfusing patients with anti-Cob

Immunohematology
1996; 12:11-13.
Rhmod phenotype: a parentage problem solved by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of genomic DNA
Authors: Steers F.J. , Wallace M. , Mora M. , Carritt B. , Tippett P. , Daniels G.L. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Initial Rh phenotyping of a man with hemolytic anemia, his wife, and son appeared to exclude paternity. No exclusion was found in other blood groups or in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system; excluding Rh, the paternity index was 98.58 percent. Samples from these three family members, and two other family members, were tested with additional Rh antisera. The results indicated that the propositus has an Rhmod phenotype with expression of c, weak e, and very weak D, E, and G antigens. To support this hypothesis, DNA analysis of the RHD and RHCE genes was performed on the five family members. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products from exons 2 and 5 were analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The DNA results corroborated the serologic findings and refuted the exclusion of paternity.
A simple screening method to evaluate the presence of alloantibodies with concomitant warm autoantibodies
Authors: Øyen R. , Angeles M.L. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Autoantibodies are present in the serum of patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Extensive serologic investigation is often needed to determine if alloantibodies are also present. To aid in the investigation, a simple method of serum dilution is described. The serum dilution method was compared to allogeneic red blood cell adsorptions in 119 cases tested over a two-year period. In 20 percent of the cases, the same underlying alloantibodies were detected by both the serum dilution method and allogeneic adsorption. In 42 percent of the cases, all autoantibody reactivity was removed by both methods. No clinically significant alloantibodies were missed using serum dilution as compared to allogeneic adsorptions. We conclude that serum dilution is a simple, rapid way to initially assess for the presence of alloantibodies that co-exist with autoantibodies.
Carwash wastewater treatment using the chemical processes
Authors: Kashi Giti , Younesi Shahrbanou , Heidary Alireza , Akbarishahabi Zeinab , Kavianpour Babak , Rezaei Kalantary Roshanak 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The carwash is known as one of the most important urban services that brings about the production of huge volume of wastewater with high turbidity and high chemical oxygen demand (COD). Seasonal and carwash location features affect the quality of carwash wastewater. Various methods with special focus on chemical processes have been employed for carwash wastewater treatment and eliminating different pollutants from this wastewater of great concern for the environment. This review was conducted for identifying and comparing the efficiency of chemical processes for carwash wastewater treatment. To this aim, key words were identified and a search protocol was defined to search studies in three databases: Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. The results of this systematic review indicated that coagulation (66%) is the most common chemical processes for carwash wastewater treatment. Although chemical processes are able to reduce the turbidity and COD over 80%. Due to the characteristics of carwash wastewater, chemical processes are a necessary pretreatment for processes such as membrane technology. Rapid treatment and high efficiency are the advantages of wastewater treatment by chemical methods, but the energy consumption and sludge volume are two main factors in selection the chemical processes for carwash wastewater treatment.
Prevelance of Fabella: An MRI Study in The Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey
Authors: Akdeniz Huseyin , Ozkan Sezai , Adanas Cihan 
Published: May 2021

Background:The fabella, which is generally located in the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle, is a sesamoid bone that articulates with the posterior face of the lateral femoral condyle. As traditional information, the prevalence of fabella is between 10–30% in the population and is usually present in both knees.Introduction:The objective of this study was to investigate the knee MRIs in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey subjects in order to assess the prevalence of the fabella and analyse the differences between gender, age and laterality and its symmetry pattern.Methods:This study was a retrospective study in patients older than 18 years whose knee MRIs were taken between February 2014 and February 2016. In this study, a total of 531 patients (290 females and 241 males) were included. The radiographs were examined by two orthopedic surgeons and the fabella was located. Later, an expert radiologist made the final decision and confirmed the results.Results:The number of patients included in the study was 531. We detected os fabella in 59 (11.1%) patients. Of the 59 os fabella, 33 were in the right knee and 26 were in the left knee, 38 were female and 21 were male.Conclusion:In this study, we investigated the age and gender differences besides the prevalence and the symmetry pattern of the fabella in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey’s population. Prevalence of the fabella was found to be 11.1% which is different than previously published studies.
Ensemble Adaptive Total Variation Graph Regularized NMF for Singlecell RNA-seq Data Analysis
Authors: Zhu Ya-Li , Gao Ying-Lian , Liu Jin-Xing , Zhu Rong , Kong Xiang-Zhen 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Single-cell RNA sequencing techniques have emerged as effective approaches
for finding the heterogeneity between cells and discovering the differentiation stage.
Adaptive total variation graph regularized nonnegative matrix factorization (ATV-NMF) has been
proposed to capture the inner geometric structure and determine whether to retain feature details or
denoise, which is suitable for analyzing single-cell data. However, the rank of matrix factorization
significantly affects clustering performance greatly, and it is still challenging to determine the optimal
rank.

Objective:
To solve the problem, in this paper, we propose an ensemble clustering method ANMFCE
to integrate several base clustering results corresponding to different parameter rank values.

Methods:
Firstly, we use the ATV-NMF algorithm to obtain clustering results with different dimension
reduction ranks. Secondly, the consensus function based on connected-triple-based similarity
is applied to obtain the similarity matrix. Finally, the spectral clustering method is used to
find the final optimal partition.

Results:
Clustering results on six single-cell sequencing datasets show that our method is more advanced
than the individual ATV-NMF method and other comparison methods, which can illustrate
that our method is effective in finding the heterogeneity in single-cell datasets. Moreover, the identification
of gene markers also achieves accurate results.

Conclusion:
In summary, our method is effective for analyzing single-cell RNA sequencing datasets.
Two New Adenosine Derivatives and their Antiproliferative Properties: An In Vitro
Evaluation
Authors: Valdés Francisco , Arévalo Bárbara , Gutiérrez Margarita , García-Castillo Verónica , Salgado-García Rebeca , Pérez-Plasencia Carlos , Valenzuela Claudio , Cayo Ángel , Olate-Briones Alexandra , Brown Nelson 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Adenosine is a natural nucleoside present in a variety of organs and tissues, where it acts as a
modulator of diverse physiological and pathophysiological processes. These actions are mediated by at least four G
protein-coupled receptors, which are widely and differentially expressed in tissues. Interestingly, high concentrations
of adenosine have been reported in a variety of tumors. In this context, the final output of adenosine in tumorigenesis
will likely depend on the constellation of adenosine receptors expressed by tumor and stromal cells. Notably, activation
of the A3 receptor can reduce the proliferative capacity of various cancer cells.

Objective:
This study aimed to describe the anti-proliferative effects of two previously synthesized adenosine derivatives
with A3 agonist action (compounds 2b and 2f) through in vitro assays.

Methods:
We used gastric and breast cancer cell lines expressing the A3 receptor as in vitro models and theoretical
experiments for molecular dynamics and determination of ADME properties.

Results:
The antiproliferative effects of adenosine derivatives (after determining IC50 values) were comparable or even
higher than those described for IB-MECA, a commercially available A3 agonist. Among possible mechanisms involved,
apoptosis was found to be induced in MCF-7 cells but not in AGS or MDA-MB-231 cells. Surprisingly, we
were unable to observe cellular senescence induction upon treatment with compounds 2b and 2f in any of the cell lines
studied, although we cannot rule out other forms of cell cycles exit at this point.

Conclusion:
Both adenosine derivatives showed antiproliferative effects on gastric and breast cancer cell lines, and
were able to induce apoptosis, at least in the MCF-7 cell line. Further studies will be necessary to unveil receptor specificity
and mechanisms accounting for the antiproliferative properties of these novel semi-synthetic compounds.
Induction of Divergent Cell Death Pathways by Urea and Carbohydrazide
Derivatives
Authors: Yilmaz Sinem , Tok Fatih , Atalay-Sahar Esra , Kocyigit-Kaymakcioglu Bedia , Ballar-Kırmızıbayrak Petek 
Published: May 2021

Background:
The complexity of cancer biology and the development of chemotherapy resistance are
two main obstacles to cancer treatment and necessitate novel anticancer molecules that target different cell death
pathways. Modulation of Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress and subsequent activation of the Unfolded Protein
Response (UPR) has been proposed as a potential chemotherapeutic target, as prolonged ER stress can lead to
cell death via apoptosis or necrosis.

Objective:
The present study aims to evaluate the molecular mechanism underlying the cytotoxic activity of
selected urea and carbohydrazide derivatives.

Methods:
Cell proliferation assays were performed on HeLa, Capan-1, MCF-7, HCC-1937, and MRC-5 cell lines
by WST-1 assay. The expression levels of selected ER stress, autophagy, and apoptosis marker proteins were
compared by immunoblotting to characterize the underlying mechanism of cytotoxicity. Flow cytometry was
used to detect apoptosis.

Results:
Of the tested cytotoxic compounds, 3a, 4a, 5a, 6a, and 1b dramatically and 5b moderately increased ER
stress-related CHOP protein levels. Interestingly, 5b but not 3a, 4a, 5a, 6a, or 1b increased the expression of proapoptotic
proteins such as cleaved PARP-1 and cleaved caspase-3 and -7. The flow-cytometry analysis further
confirmed that the cytotoxic activity of 5b but not the other compounds is mediated by apoptosis, demonstrated
by a significant increase in the percentage of late apoptotic cells (7-AAD/annexin V double-positive cells).

Conclusion:
Our results suggest that changing a substituent from trifluoromethyl to nitro in urea and
carbohydrazide core structure alters the cell death mechanism from apoptosis to an apoptosis-independent cell
death pathway. This study shows an example of how such simple modifications of a core chemical structure
could cause the induction of divergent cell death pathways.
The Effects of Exergaming on Sensory Reweighting and Mediolateral Stability of Women Aged Over 60: Usability Study
Authors: Sápi Mariann , Fehér-Kiss Anna , Csernák Krisztina , Domján Andrea , Pintér Sándor 
Published: May 2021

Background
Older adults tend to experience difficulties in switching quickly between various reliable sensory inputs, which ultimately may contribute to an increased risk of falls and injuries. Sideward falls are the most frequent cause of hip fractures among older adults. Recently, exergame programs have been confirmed as beneficial tools for enhancing postural control, which can reduce the risk of falls. However, studies to explore more precisely which mechanism of exergaming directly influences older women’s ability to balance are still needed.

Objective
Our aim was to evaluate, in a single-group pretest/posttest/follow-up usability study, whether Kinect exergame balance training might have a beneficial impact on the sensory reweighting in women aged over 60.

Methods
A total of 14 healthy women (mean age 69.57 [SD 4.66] years, mean body mass index 26.21 [SD 2.6] kg/m2) participated in the study. The volunteers trained with the commercially available games of Kinect for Xbox 360 console 3 times (30 minutes/session) a week over a 6-week period (total of 18 visits). Participants’ postural sway in both the anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) directions was recorded with NeuroCom Balance Master 6.0. To assess and measure postural sensory reweighting, the Modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction in Balance was used, where volunteers were exposed to various changes in visual (eyes open or eyes closed) and surface conditions (firm or foam surface).

Results
In the ML direction, the Kinect exergame training caused a significant decrease in the sway path on the firm surface with the eyes open (P<.001) and eyes closed (P=.001), and on the foam surface with the eyes open (P=.001) and eyes closed (P<.001) conditions compared with baseline data. The follow-up measurements when compared with the baseline data showed a significant change in the sway path on the firm surface with the eyes open (P<.001) and eyes closed (P<.001) conditions, as well as on the foam surface with the eyes open (P=.003) and eyes closed (P<.001) conditions. Besides, on the firm surface, there were no significant differences in sway path values in the AP direction between the baseline and the posttraining measurements (eyes open: P=.49; eyes closed: P=.18). Likewise, on the foam surface, there were no significant differences in sway path values in the AP direction under both eyes open (P=.24) and eyes closed (P=.84) conditions.

Conclusions
The improved posturography measurements of the sway path in the ML direction might suggest that the Kinect exergame balance training may have effects on sensory reweighting, and thus on the balance of women aged over 60. Based on these results, Kinect exergaming may provide a safe and potentially useful tool for improving postural stability in the crucial ML direction, and thus it may help reduce the risk of falling.