bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy outcome of anti‐HCV direct‐acting antivirals: Real‐life data from an Egyptian cohort
Authors: AbdAllah Mohamed , Alboraie Mohamed , Abdel‐Razek Wael , Hassany Mohamed , Ammar Islam , Kamal Ehab , Alalfy Mahmoud , Okasha Ahmed , El Akel Wafaa , Shaaban Elsaied , Elbaz Tamer , Hefny Zeinab , Gomaa Ahmed , El‐Bendary Mahmoud , El‐Serafy Magdy , Esmat Gamal , Doss Wahid , El‐Sayed Manal H 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe aimed to assess the pregnancy outcome in women with chronic HCV who had negative pregnancy test prior to the anti‐HCV course and had unintended pregnancy while on HCV treatment. Hundred patients with a mean age of 30 ± 6.7 y were included and advised to withhold antivirals and continue follow‐up in viral hepatitis and obstetrics centres till delivery. All patients received a 12‐weeks regimen of anti‐HCV [sofosbuvir plus daclatasvir (SOF/DCV): n = 95, SOF/DCV plus ribavirin: n = 3, and paritaprevir/ritonavir/ombitasvir plus ribavirin: n = 2]. Only nine patients completed the full antiviral course against medical advice, and 91 stopped between on‐treatment weeks 4 and 8. Eighty‐eight patients delivered full‐term babies, eight had preterm babies and two had abortions. Of the nine patients who completed the full course of DAAs, seven (77.8%) delivered normal babies, attended their post‐treatment week 12 visit, and all (100%) achieved sustained virological response. No major antiviral‐related adverse events were reported.
Functional redundancy and specific taxa modulate the contribution of prokaryotic diversity and composition to multifunctionality
Authors: Li Yan , Ge Yuan , Wang Jichen , Shen Congcong , Wang Jianlei , Liu Yong‐Jun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObservational and experimental evidence has revealed the functional importance of microbial diversity. However, the effects of microbial diversity loss on ecosystem functions are not consistent across studies, which are probably tempered by microbial functional redundancy, specific taxa and functions evaluated. Here we conducted diversity manipulation experiments in two independent soils with distinct prokaryotic communities, and investigated how the initial community traits (e.g., distinct functional redundancy and taxonomic composition) modulate the contribution of prokaryotic diversity loss and composition shift to eight ecosystem functions related to soil nutrient cycling. We found that diversity loss impaired three functions (potential nitrification rate, N2‐fixation activity and phosphatase) and multifunctionality only in the communities with low functional redundancy, but all examined functions were unaffected in the communities with high functional redundancy. All significantly affected functions belonged to specialized functions, while the broad function (soil basal respiration) was unaffected. Moreover, prokaryotic composition explained more functional variation than diversity, which was ascribed to the crucial role of specific taxa that influence particular functions. Taken together, this study provides empirical evidence for identifying the mechanism underlying the ecosystem response to changes in microbial community, with implications for improving the prediction of ecosystem process models and managing microbial communities to promote ecosystem services.
Magnetic resonance imaging‐guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor patient with a clipped cerebral aneurysm and Alzheimer's disease: A case report
Authors: Ito Hisashi , Shizuku Tatsunori , Aoki Sho , Fukutake Shigeru , Odo Takashi , Yamamoto Kazuaki , Yamaguchi Toshio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe report a 78‐year‐old, right‐handed woman with a medication‐refractory essential tremor. She underwent clipping of an unruptured cerebral aneurysm 17 years ago. Furthermore, she had suffered from Alzheimer's disease for 3 years; however, she could communicate courteously. We performed MRI‐guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) left ventral intermediate nucleus thalamotomy, which prevented ultrasound from being delivered to the aneurysm clip. We sedated her in the planning stage and calmed her down with a frequent communication in the sonication stage. She was not delirious and her right‐hand tremor improved immediately after the final sonication. Mild dysarthria and hypotonus of the right extremities occurred the next day; however, these symptoms improved with steroids. This case indicates that patients with a clipped cerebral aneurysm or dementia could undergo MRgFUS.
War Against COVID‐19: How Is National Identification Linked With the Adoption of Disease‐Preventive Behaviors in China and the United States?
Authors: Chan Hoi‐Wing , Wang Xue , Zuo Shi‐Jiang , Chiu Connie Pui‐Yee , Liu Li , Yiu Daphne W. , Hong Ying‐yi 
Published: April 2021

Fighting the COVID‐19 pandemic requires large numbers of citizens to adopt disease‐preventive practices. We contend that national identification can mobilize and motivate people to engage in preventive behaviors to protect the collective, which in return would heighten national identification further. To test these reciprocal links, we conducted studies in two countries with diverse national tactics toward curbing the pandemic: (1) a two‐wave longitudinal survey in China (Study 1, N = 1200), where a national goal to fight COVID‐19 was clearly set, and (2) a five‐wave longitudinal survey in the United States (Study 2, N = 1001), where the national leader, President Trump, rejected the severity of COVID‐19 in its early stage. Results revealed that national identification was associated with an increase in disease‐preventive behaviors in both countries in general. However, higher national identification was associated with greater trust in Trump's administration among politically conservative American participants, which then was associated with slower adoption of preventive behaviors. The reciprocal effect of disease‐preventive behaviors on national identification was observed only in China. Overall, our findings suggest that although national identification may serve as a protective factor in curbing the pandemic, this beneficial effect was reduced in some political contexts.
Highlights

Policymakers should note that national identity serves as a protective factor in curbing the COVID‐19 pandemic. Narratives that highlight the collective agency of people would be useful in promoting disease‐preventive actions as long as they are also endorsed by national leaders.

National leaders should provide clear and consistent recommendations in promoting disease‐preventive actions.

Practitioners and policymakers should be aware of how the communication strategies they use would be affected by society’s political contexts. Mobilizing disease‐preventive actions through a patriotic frame might not be useful when national leaders did not unambiguously promote disease prevention.
Exits from the poverty trap and growth accelerations in a dual economy model
Authors: Berthelemy Jean‐Claude 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe propose a simple theoretical dual economy model to study the dynamics of an economy in which individuals move out of a poverty trap. These dynamics are characterized by growth acceleration. This model implies that poverty reduction could, under some circumstances, cause growth, rather than the other way around. We define a measurement of the growth impulse that could be triggered by independent exits from poverty and correlate it with observed growth ccelerations. This correlation is both positive and significant, and it passes various robustness checks.
Improving the donation experience and reducing venipuncture pain by addressing fears among whole‐blood and plasma donors
Authors: Gilchrist Philippe T. , Thijsen Amanda , Masser Barbara M. , France Christopher R. , Davison Tanya E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundFear of blood donation is implicated in vasovagal reactions, donor recruitment, and retention. This study examined the extent to which fear among donors is associated with various donor outcomes in an Australian sample, and whether fear can be addressed on‐site to reduce adverse reactions and improve the donation experience.Study design and methodsSix hundred and sixty‐four donors (age M = 33.4, SD = 12.7; 55% female) participated in a two‐center, pragmatic, parallel group, individually randomized controlled trial. Following donor registration and consent, whole‐blood (n = 539) and plasma (n = 125) donors were assigned to one of four Conditions: control; fear assessment; fear assessment + brochure; fear assessment + brochure + tailored conversation focused on any self‐reported fear and coping strategies. Post‐donation questionnaires assessed the donors' experience including positive support, donor self‐efficacy, anxiety, fear, venipuncture pain, and vasovagal reactions.ResultsFear among donors predicted higher venipuncture pain, post‐donation anxiety, and vasovagal reactions and remained significant after controlling for other established predictors (i.e., total estimated blood volume, age, sex, and donation experience). Mediational analyses showed that exposure to brochures (with or without the tailored conversation) was associated with less pain, with this effect mediated by donor perceptions of more positive support. Venipuncture pain was also associated with vasovagal reactions, reduced likelihood of return within 6 months, and less satisfaction with the donation experience.ConclusionThe current results underline the importance of interventions to address fear among both whole‐blood and plasma donors to secure the safety and well‐being of donors and the blood supply.
Evaluation of transpalpebral ultrasonographic measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter for indirect assessment of intracranial pressure in anesthetized and standing healthy adult horses
Authors: Bramski Jessica H. , Reed Rachel A. , Diehl Kathryn A. , Epstein Kira L. , Ryan Clare A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether an association exists between direct intracranial pressure (ICP) measurement and ultrasonographic measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) in anesthetized and standing horses.DesignCross‐sectional study performed on a convenience sample of healthy adult horses.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsEight adult horses donated to the University. Enrolled horses were free of abnormalities on physical examination, CBC, neurological evaluation, and ophthalmological examination.Measurements and Main ResultsHorses were anesthetized in lateral recumbency for placement of an ICP transducer. Three head positions (neutral, elevated, and lowered) were used to alter ICP. ICP and ONSD in 2 directions (D1 and D2) were recorded at 5 and 10 minutes after position change to elevated and lowered. ICP and ONSD measurements were repeated in standing sedated horses 24–36 hours after recovery from anesthesia. Linear regressions were performed with ICP as the dependent variable and ONSD as the independent variable by head position and times. Linear regressions were also performed for change from neutral under anesthesia, with ONSD as the independent variable and ICP as the dependent variable, by head position and times. Significance was set atP < 0.05. There was a moderate association between ICP and ONSD in horses with head lowered at 5 and 10 minutes (R2values = 63%–78%) and weak association in head elevated at 10 minutes (R2values = 56%–63%). There was a weak association between change from neutral ICP and change from neutral ONSD in the elevated anesthetized position at 10 minutes for summed D1 + D2 (R2 = 33%).ConclusionsConsistent associations between direct ICP and ONSD in anesthetized or standing horses were not observed. This inconsistency limits the clinically utility of transpalpebral ultrasonographic ONSD measurement for ICP monitoring in horses.
Histologic, immunohistochemical, and scanning electron microscopic comparison of pre‐iridal monocellular and fibrovascular membranes in normal and glaucomatous canine globes
Authors: Bedos Leila , Grahn Bruce H. , Philibert Helene , Campbell John , Sandmeyer Lynne 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectives(i) To evaluate immunohistochemical labeling of pre‐iridal monocellular and fibrovascular membranes and (ii) describe the light and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) characteristics of these membranes in glaucomatous and normal/control canine globes.Materials and methodsAll globes were evaluated with light microscopy. Immunohistochemical labeling for CD18, Smooth muscle actin (SMA), and CD117 was completed on 40 canine globes with congenital/anterior segment dysgenesis‐associated glaucoma (n = 10), primary/goniodysgenesis‐associated glaucoma (n = 10), secondary glaucoma (n = 10), and normal/control globes (n = 10). SEM was completed on 10 globes: 5 with monocellular membranes, 3 with fibrovascular membranes, and 2 without a histologically detectable membrane.ResultsMonocellular membranes were detected in all normal/control globes with light microscopy and appeared to be morphologically very similar to those in diseased globes. CD18 labeling was detected in 9/10 monocellular membranes in normal/control globes, 15/23 monocellular, and 7/8 fibrovascular membranes in globes with glaucoma. SMA and CD117 labeling was not detected in monocellular membranes of normal/control globes. SMA was expressed in 10/23 monocellular and 7/8 fibrovascular membranes of glaucomatous globes. CD117 was expressed in 7/23 monocellular and 5/8 fibrovascular membranes of glaucomatous globes. SEM of monocellular membranes revealed a continuous sheet of mostly spindle cells and few individual round cells that extended over the anterior iris face in normal/control and all glaucomatous globes.ConclusionPre‐iridal monocellular membranes are a normal component of the anterior iris surface, and CD18 immunoreactivity suggests some cells within these are of leukocytic origin. SMA and CD117 labeling of monocellular membranes in glaucomatous, but not normal/control globes, suggest metaplastic cellular change secondary to intraocular pathology related to glaucoma.
Mixed xenogeneic porcine chimerism tolerizes human anti‐pig natural antibody‐producing cells in a humanized mouse model
Authors: Waffarn Elizabeth E. , Khosravi‐Maharlooei Mohsen , Vecchione Andrea , Shao Steven , Vishwasrao Paresh , HÖlzl Markus A. , Frangaj Kristjana , Sykes Megan , Li Hao Wei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundA major obstacle to the success of organ transplantation from pigs to humans, necessitated by the shortage of human organs, is robust humoral immune rejection by pig‐reactive human antibodies. Mixed xenogeneic hematopoietic chimerism induces xenoreactive B cell tolerance in rodents, but whether mixed pig/human chimerism could induce tolerance of human B cells to pig xenoantigens is unknown.MethodsWe investigated this question using a humanized mouse model in which durable mixed (pig‐human) xenogeneic chimerism can be established.ResultsHuman natural anti‐pig cytotoxic antibodies, predominantly IgM, are detectable in non‐chimeric humanized mouse serum, and pig‐reactive antibodies were reduced in mixed chimeric versus non‐chimeric humanized mice. This difference required persistent mixed chimerism and was not due to the adsorption of antibodies on pig cells in vivo. Furthermore, human B cells from spleens of mixed chimeric mice produced lower levels of anti‐pig antibodies when stimulated in vitro compared with those from non‐chimeric mice.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that mixed chimerism reduces human natural antibodies to pig xenoantigens, providing the first in vivo evidence of human B cell tolerance induction by mixed xenogeneic chimerism and supporting further evaluation of this approach for inducing human B cell tolerance to xenografts.
Comparison of the ENDF/B-VII.0, ENDF/B-VII.1, ENDF/B-VIII.0, and JEFF-3.3 Libraries for the Nuclear Design Calculations of the Nuclear Power Plant Krško With the CORD-2 System
Authors: Kromar Marjan , Kurinčič Bojan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Recently, two new nuclear reaction data evaluations have been released: ENDF/B-VIII.0 and JEFF-3.3. Since the neutron nuclear data profoundly influence predictions of the nuclear systems behavior, many researchers have been investigating new data striving for more accurate predictions. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of the neutron data libraries on the nuclear design calculations of the nuclear power plant (NPP) Krško core. ENDF/B-VII.0, ENDF/B-VII.1, ENDF/B-VIII.0, and JEFF-3.3 libraries are considered. In the first part of this work the effect on the depletion of the typical NPP Krško fuel assembly in infinite geometry is investigated. In the second part, analysis of all 30 completed NPP Krško operating cycles is performed. Performed analysis has indicated differences of a few 100 pcm in multiplication factor for a fresh fuel due to differences in 235U and 238U cross sections. For a burned fuel assemblies, differences are even higher due to different rate of fission products formation, 235U burnout, and Pu production. Observed differences in libraries resulted in differences of several tens of ppm in critical Boron concentration on the core level. Differences in control rods worth and Boron coefficients were inside 1%. Some differences in isothermal temperature coefficient were observed, however, they only marginally affect core power defect going from zero to full power.
Relationship Between Pressure Drop and Heat Transfer of Fully Developed Flow in Smooth Horizontal Circular Tubes and Spiral-Coiled Tubes in the Laminar Flow Regime
Authors: Patil Rahul Harishchandra , Tendolkar Mandar Vinayak 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Studies on isothermal steady-state frictional pressure drop for flow of petroleum base oils SN70, SN150, diesel, and water are carried out in spiral coils with diameter to length ratio, 0.00042, 0.00047, 0.00073, 0.00164, 0.00189, 0.003, and 0.0037. An attempt is made to correlate friction factors with a better and more appropriate dimensionless group for flow of Newtonian fluids through spiral-coiled tubes. An innovative approach of correlating heat transfer data with the newly established dimensionless group is presented. Heat transfer experiments are performed for spiral coils with diameter to length ratio 0.000474, 0.00042, 0.001896, 0.00198, 0.000942, and 0.00164 in laminar flow regime. Suitable correlations for friction factors and Nusselt numbers are proposed. Relationship between pressure drop and heat transfer is studied. The incapability of the conventional analogy equations to estimate the heat and momentum transfer coefficients for laminar flow through straight or curved tubes is explained based on the viscous and form drag existing in straight and curved pipe flow. The limitations of the existing analogy equations are examined critically. A new general analogy equation is derived for laminar flow through spiral and straight tubes considering the influencing geometrical parameters of the tube.
Synthesis of CaCu3Ti4O12: How Heat Treatment Influences Morphology and Dielectric Properties
Authors: Ivanov K. V. , Noskov A. V. , Alekseeva O. V. , Agafonov A. V. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A ceramic powder, the precursor of CaCu3Ti4O12, was prepared by liquid-phase synthesis in acetic acid. The synthesized samples were calcined at 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1100°C and then characterized by a set of physicochemical methods. An increase in annealing temperature induced changes in the particle size distribution and quantitative porosity parameters of the powder. Analysis of the dielectric spectra of suspensions of synthesized materials allowed us to conclude that high-temperature annealing of the powder leads to a decrease in relaxation time.
Obtaining of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 – δ Nanopowder Using the Glycol–Citrate Method
Authors: Simonenko T. L. , Simonenko N. P. , Simonenko E. P. , Sevastyanov V. G. , Kuznetsov N. T. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The process of glycol-citrate synthesis of nanodispersed oxide with the composition La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 – δ have been studied. The resulting nanopowder has been examined using a complex of modern methods of physicochemical analysis. The thermal behavior of the obtained powder in air in the temperature range of 20–1000°C has been investigated using synchronous TGA/DSC analysis. As a result, the optimal conditions for the sample heat treatment have been determined, to lead to the formation of a single-phase nanocrystalline oxide. Using X-ray diffraction analysis, IR spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, it has been shown that the proposed synthesis method is convenient and effective for obtaining a highly dispersed powder of the specified composition with the target crystal structure. Scanning electron microscopy has been applied to analyze the morphology of the oxide nanopowder and determine the average particle and pore size.
The impact of cash transfers on mental health in children and young people in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zimmerman Annie , Garman Emily , Avendano-Pabon Mauricio , Araya Ricardo , Evans-Lacko Sara , McDaid David , Park A-La , Hessel Philipp , Diaz Yadira , Matijasevich Alicia , Ziebold Carola , Bauer Annette , Paula Cristiane Silvestre , Lund Crick 
Published: April 2021

IntroductionAlthough cash transfer programmes are not explicitly designed to improve mental health, by reducing poverty and improving the life chances of children and young people, they may also improve their mental health. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the evidence on the effectiveness of cash transfers to improve the mental health of children and young people in low-income and middle-income countries.MethodsWe searched Pubmed, EBSCOhost, Scientific Electronic Library Online, ISI Web of Science and Social Sciences Citation Index and grey literature (from January 2000 to July 2020) for studies which quantitatively assessed the impact of cash transfers on mental health in young people (aged 0–24 years), using a design that incorporated a control group. We extracted Cohen’s d effects size and used a random-effects model for the meta-analysis on studies that measured depressive symptoms, I2statistic and assessment of study quality.ResultsWe identified 12 116 articles for screening, of which 12 were included in the systematic review (covering 13 interventions) and seven in the meta-analysis assessing impact on depressive symptoms specifically. There was high heterogeneity (I2=95.2) and a high risk of bias (0.38, 95% CIs: −5.08 to 5.85; p=0.86) across studies. Eleven interventions (85%) showed a significant positive impact of cash transfers on at least one mental health outcome in children and young people. However, no study found a positive effect on all mental health outcomes examined, and the meta-analysis showed no impact of cash transfers on depressive symptoms (0.02, 95% CIs: −0.19 to 0.23; p=0.85).ConclusionCash transfers may have positive effects on some mental health outcomes for young people, with no negative effects identified. However, there is high heterogeneity across studies, with some interventions showing no effects. Our review highlights how the effect of cash transfers may vary by social and economic context, culture, design, conditionality and mental health outcome.