bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protest Waves and Social Movement Fields: The Micro Foundations of Campaigning for Subaltern Political Parties
Authors: Almeida Paul , Sosa Eugenio , Cordero Ulate Allen , Argueta Ricardo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe paper examines the individual-level building blocks of getting out the vote (GOTV) for electoral parties that represent subaltern sectors in resource scarce environments. Drawing on theories of protest waves, social movement fields, and threat-induced collective action, we examine the likelihood of campaigning in left party electoral mobilization and party identification. The study implements a modified version of the Caught in the Act of Protest: Contextualizing Contestation (CCC) survey protocol and respondent selection design. We use a sympathy pool sample of over 1,200 May Day participants in Costa Rica, El Salvador, and Honduras to explain the micro-foundations of electoral proselytizing of political parties advocating for disadvantaged populations. We found that involvement in left party electoral campaigning was largely driven by resources deposited during anti-neoliberal protest waves, including prior movement-type protest, civic organizational activity, and economic threat perceptions. Campaigning for the anti-neoliberal party was also associated with a higher level of post-election party identification. The findings suggest that left parties may at times partially overcome economic and political resource deficits by mobilizing individuals deeply embedded in the social movement field.
HFE H63D Limits Nigral Vulnerability to Paraquat in Agricultural Workers
Authors: Wang Ernest W , Trojano Max L , Lewis Mechelle M , Du Guangwei , Chen Hairong , Brown Gregory L , Jellen Leslie C , Song Insung , Neely Elizabeth , Kong Lan , Connor James R , Huang Xuemei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Paraquat is an herbicide whose use is associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder marked by neuron loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). We recently observed that the murine homolog to the human H63D variant of the homeostatic iron regulator (HFE) may decrease paraquat-associated nigral neurotoxicity in mice. The present study examined the potential influence of H63D on paraquat-associated neurotoxicity in humans. Twenty-eight paraquat-exposed workers were identified from exposure histories and compared with 41 unexposed controls. HFE genotypes, and serum iron and transferrin were measured from blood samples. MRI was used to assess the SNc transverse relaxation rate (R2*), a marker for iron, and diffusion tensor imaging scalars of fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity, markers of microstructural integrity. Twenty-seven subjects (9 exposed and 18 controls) were H63D heterozygous. After adjusting for age and use of other PD-associated pesticides and solvents, serum iron and transferrin were higher in exposed H63D carriers than in unexposed carriers and HFE wildtypes. SNc R2* was lower in exposed H63D carriers than in unexposed carriers, whereas SNc FA was lower in exposed HFE wildtypes than in either unexposed HFE wildtypes or exposed H63D carriers. Serum iron and SNc FA measures correlated positively among exposed, but not unexposed, subjects. These data suggest that H63D heterozygosity is associated with lower neurotoxicity presumptively linked to paraquat. Future studies with larger cohorts are warranted to replicate these findings and examine potential underlying mechanisms, especially given the high prevalence of the H63D allele in humans.
Genetic Variability of Haplaxius crudus, Based on the 5′ Region of the Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit I Gene, Sheds Light on Epidemiology of Palm Lethal Decline Phytoplasmas
Authors: Humphries Alessandra R. , Ascunce Marina S. , Goss Erica M. , Helmick Ericka E. , Bartlett Charles R. , Myrie Wayne , Barrantes Edwin A. , Zumbado Marco A. , Bustillo Alex E. , Bahder Brian W. 
Published: March 2021

Haplaxius crudus is an economically important species of cixiid planthopper that is widespread and abundant throughout the Caribbean basin. It is the vector of lethal yellowing and putative vector of lethal bronzing, both phytoplasma diseases of palm that cause death in Florida and the Caribbean. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of H. crudus in Florida to determine whether divergent populations existed. The 5′ region of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene was used as the molecular marker. DNA sequences were obtained from 236 specimens collected throughout Florida, United States as well as populations from the southeastern United States. Populations from Costa Rica, Colombia, and Jamaica were included to compare differences between isolated populations. In Florida, four haplotypes were discovered, with 97% of individuals belonging to a single haplotype, two smaller haplotypes comprising six and four individuals, and a single haplotype comprising one individual. Populations from Texas and Mississippi represented distinct haplotypes whereas populations from Georgia and South Carolina were identical to the predominant haplotype in Florida. Populations from Costa Rica and Colombia were highly divergent whereas the population from Jamaica was 100% identical to the predominant population in Florida. These findings highlight measurable levels of genetic variability of H. crudus in Florida, and the similarity to populations from Jamaica highlight the need for more robust sampling throughout the Caribbean to better understand movement and invasion potential of this species. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Postoperative Pulmonary Complications’ Association with Sugammadex versus Neostigmine: A Retrospective Registry Analysis
Authors: Li Gen , Freundlich Robert E. , Gupta Rajnish K. , Hayhurst Christina J. , Le Chi H. , Martin Barbara J. , Shotwell Matthew S. , Wanderer Jonathan P. 
Published: March 2021

Background
Postoperative residual neuromuscular blockade related to nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents may be associated with pulmonary complications. In this study, the authors sought to determine whether sugammadex was associated with a lower risk of postoperative pulmonary complications in comparison with neostigmine.

Methods
Adult patients from the Vanderbilt University Medical Center National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database who underwent general anesthesia procedures between January 2010 and July 2019 were included in an observational cohort study. In early 2017, a wholesale switch from neostigmine to sugammadex occurred at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. The authors therefore identified all patients receiving nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockades and reversal with neostigmine or sugammadex. An inverse probability of treatment weighting propensity score analysis approach was applied to control for measured confounding. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, determined by retrospective chart review and defined as the composite of the three postoperative respiratory occurrences: pneumonia, prolonged mechanical ventilation, and unplanned intubation.

Results
Of 10,491 eligible cases, 7,800 patients received neostigmine, and 2,691 received sugammadex. A total of 575 (5.5%) patients experienced postoperative pulmonary complications (5.9% neostigmine vs. 4.2% sugammadex). Specifically, 306 (2.9%) patients had pneumonia (3.2% vs. 2.1%), 113 (1.1%) prolonged mechanical ventilation (1.1% vs. 1.1%), and 156 (1.5%) unplanned intubation (1.6% vs. 1.0%). After propensity score adjustment, the authors found a lower absolute incidence rate of postoperative pulmonary complications over time (adjusted odds ratio, 0.91 [per year]; 95% CI, 0.87 to 0.96; P < .001). No difference was observed on the odds of postoperative pulmonary complications in patients receiving sugammadex in comparison with neostigmine (adjusted odds ratio, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.65 to 1.22; P = 0.468).

Conclusions
Among 10,491 patients at a single academic tertiary care center, the authors found that switching neuromuscular blockade reversal agents was not associated with the occurrence of postoperative pulmonary complications.

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Assessing Competence in Critical Care Echocardiography: Development and Initial Results of an Examination and Certification Processes*
Authors: Panebianco Nova L. , Mayo Paul H. , Arntfield Robert T. , Brown Sam M. , Diaz-Gomez Jose , Hernandez Antonio , Koenig Seth J. , Noble Vicki , Sekiguchi Hiroshi , Subhiyah Raja G. , Mulvagh Sharon , Saric Muhamed , Troianos Christopher A. , Labovitz Arthur J. 
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVES:
To describe the development and initial results of an examination and certification process assessing competence in critical care echocardiography.

DESIGN:
A test writing committee of content experts from eight professional societies invested in critical care echocardiography was convened, with the Executive Director representing the National Board of Echocardiography. Using an examination content outline, the writing committee was assigned topics relevant to their areas of expertise. The examination items underwent extensive review, editing, and discussion in several face-to-face meetings supervised by National Board of Medical Examiners editors and psychometricians. A separate certification committee was tasked with establishing criteria required to achieve National Board of Echocardiography certification in critical care echocardiography through detailed review of required supporting material submitted by candidates seeking to fulfill these criteria.

SETTING:
The writing committee met twice a year in person at the National Board of Medical Examiner office in Philadelphia, PA.

SUBJECTS:
Physicians enrolled in the examination of Special Competence in Critical Care Electrocardiography (CCEeXAM).

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
A total of 524 physicians sat for the examination, and 426 (81.3%) achieved a passing score. Of the examinees, 41% were anesthesiology trained, 33.2% had pulmonary/critical care background, and the majority had graduated training within the 10 years (91.6%). Most candidates work full-time at an academic hospital (46.9%).

CONCLUSIONS:
The CCEeXAM is designed to assess a knowledge base that is shared with echocardiologists in addition to that which is unique to critical care. The National Board of Echocardiography certification establishes that the physician has achieved the ability to independently perform and interpret critical care echocardiography at a standard recognized by critical care professional societies encompassing a wide spectrum of backgrounds. The interest shown and the success achieved on the CCEeXAM by practitioners of critical care echocardiography support the standards set by the National Board of Echocardiography for testamur status and certification in this imaging specialty area.
Developing consensus on core outcome domains for assessing effectiveness in perioperative pain management: results of the PROMPT/IMI-PainCare Delphi Meeting
Authors: Pogatzki-Zahn Esther M. , Liedgens Hiltrud , Hummelshoj Lone , Meissner Winfried , Weinmann Claudia , Treede Rolf-Detlef , Vincent Katy , Zahn Peter ,   the IMI-PainCare PROMPT consensus panel, Kaiser Ulrike 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Postoperative pain management is still insufficient, leading to major deficits, including patient suffering, impaired surgical recovery, long-term opioid intake, and postsurgical chronic pain. Yet, identifying the best treatment options refers to a heterogeneous outcome assessment in clinical trials, not always reflecting relevant pain-related aspects after surgery and therefore hamper evidence synthesis. Establishing a core outcome set for perioperative pain management of acute pain after surgery may overcome such limitations. An international, stepwise consensus process on outcome domains (“what to measure”) for pain management after surgery, eg, after total knee arthroplasty, sternotomy, breast surgery, and surgery related to endometriosis, was performed. The process, guided by a steering committee, involved 9 international stakeholder groups and patient representatives. The face-to-face meeting was prepared by systematic literature searches identifying common outcome domains for each of the 4 surgical procedures and included breakout group sessions, world-café formats, plenary panel discussions, and final voting. The panel finally suggested an overall core outcome set for perioperative pain management with 5 core outcome domains: physical function (for a condition-specific measurement), pain intensity at rest, pain intensity during activity, adverse events, and self-efficacy. Innovative aspects of this work were inclusion of the psychological domain self-efficacy, as well as the specific assessment of pain intensity during activity and physical function recommended to be assessed in a condition-specific manner. The IMI-PROMPT core outcome set seeks to improve assessing efficacy and effectiveness of perioperative pain management in any clinical and observational studies as well as in clinical practice.
Up-regulation of long non-coding RNA BLACAT1 predicts aggressive clinicopathologic characteristics and poor prognosis of glioma
Authors: Zhang Xiaojue , Wei Xiuchuan , Liu Jie , Yang Jiaying , Jin Peng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Bladder cancer-associated transcript 1 (BLACAT1) is one of the most common cancer-associated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which has been reported as a tumor promotor in several malignancies. Previously, BLACAT1 was found to be overexpressed in glioma tissues and cell lines. Functional assays determined that BLACAT1 promoted glioma cell proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, suggesting that BLACAT1 might serve as an oncogene in glioma. In the present study, we aimed to investigate its clinical significance and prognostic value in glioma patients.
A total of 137 paired glioma tissue samples and adjacent normal brain tissue samples were collected from 137 glioma patients who underwent surgery from May 2014 to February 2019. The Student t test was applied to determine the statistical significance of the observed differences between 2 groups. Survival curves were constructed and differences among groups were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method.
The relative expression of BLACAT1 in glioma samples was significantly higher than that of matched normal tissues (P < .001). The expression level of tissue BLACAT1 was statistically correlated with tumor size (P = .04), Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) (P = .006), and WHO grade (P = .017). Kaplan–Meier analysis with the log-rank test revealed that BLACAT1 up-regulation was correlated with shorter overall survival time of patients with glioma (Log Rank test, P = .012). In multivariate Cox analysis, BLACAT1 expression was found to be an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in patients with glioma (HR = 2.739; 95% CI: 1.785–8.229; P = .035). Our study demonstrates that up-regulation of BLACAT1 is able to predict aggressive clinicopathologic characteristics and poor prognosis of glioma patients. These findings may have significant implications for potential treatment options and prognosis for patients with glioma.
The ballooning time in endoscopic papillary balloon dilation for removal of bile duct stones
Authors: Wang Qiang , Fu Luyao , Wu Tao , Ding Xiong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background:
So far, there was no consensus regarding balloon dilation time in endoscopic papillary balloon dilation (EPBD). Thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the stone removal and overall complication rates of dilation of short and long duration with EPBD.

Methods:
The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; Cochrane Library), Web of Science, EMBASE Databases, and PubMed were searched from their inception to December 1, 2019 for all articles regarding balloon dilation time in EPBD for removal of bile duct stones. The data were extracted and the methodology quality was assessed. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan5.3 software.

Results:
Four studies involving a total of 1553 patients were included, 918 in the short dilation group and 635 in the long dilation group. The results of meta-analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the 2 different dilation groups in the complete stone removal in randomized controlled trails (RCTs) group (P = .10) and non-RCTs group (P = 0.45), mechanical lithotripsy requirement (RCTs: P = .92; non-RCTs: P = .47), pancreatitis (RCTs: P = .48; non-RCTs: P = .45), bleeding (RCTs: P = .95; non-RCTs: P = .60), infection of biliary (RCTs: P = .58; non-RCTs: P = .29), perforation (RCTs: P = .32; non-RCTs: P = .37).

Conclusion:
This systematic review suggests that there no significant difference in the efficacy and safety of dilation of short and long duration for removal of bile duct stones with EPBD.
Effect of TIMP2/TIMP3 genes on the risk of osteosarcoma in Zhejiang population
Authors: Wu Zhongwei , Chen Huali , Pan Liwei , Yu Weiyang , Lou Chao , Chen Jian , He Dengwei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a malignant tumor that develops from a mesenchymal cell line and is caused by gene–environment interactions. This study aimed to explore whether TIMP2/TIMP3 polymorphisms influenced the osteosarcoma risk.
The expression of the TIMP2 and TIMP3 genes in osteosarcoma histiocytes was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. In this case-control study, which includes samples from 499 patients and 500 healthy controls, 10 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TIMP2 and TIMP3 were selected. Furthermore, we used the Agena MassARRAY platform for genotyping. The statistical analysis was performed using χ
2 test/Fisher exact test, and logistic regression analysis.
The immunohistochemistry results showed that the expression of TIMP2 is obvious higher in osteosarcoma histiocytes than in the normal histiocytes. The association study indicated that the allele of rs2277698 and rs4789936 were protective SNPs reducing the risk of osteosarcoma (odds ratios  > 1, P < .05) by the χ
2 test. In the genetic model, logistic regression analyses revealed that the rs2277698 and rs4789936 were associated with decreasing the risk of osteosarcoma under the codominant model, dominant model, and log-additive model. Stratification analysis revealed that 2 SNPs (rs2277698 and rs4789936) were significantly associated with a reduced risk of osteosarcoma in allele and genetic model after stratification by gender or age (P < .05). In addition, the haplotype “Trs2277698Crs2009169Crs7342880” of TIMP2 was associated with decreasing the osteosarcoma risk. The “Ars9609634Trs11547635” of TIMP3 was associated with reducing the osteosarcoma risk.
This finding shed new light on the high expression of TIMP2 polymorphisms may contribute to decreasing the osteosarcoma risk in Zhejiang populations.
A comparison of the analysis of 3 types of body fluids using the XN-350 hematology analyzer versus light microscopy assessment
Authors: Lee Jiwon , Cho Younggeun , Kim Han-Sung , Kang Hee Jung , Kim Miyoung , Lee Young Kyung 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We evaluated the capacity of the XN-350 instrument to analyze 3 different types of body fluid samples under “body fluid mode.”
The performance of XN-350 was evaluated in terms of precision, carryover, limit of blank, limit of detection, limit of quantification, and linearity. Cell enumeration and differential data produced by the XN-350 were compared to manual chamber counting results in 63 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), 51 ascitic fluid, and 51 pleural fluid (PF) samples. Comparisons between XN-350 versus Cytospin data were also performed in PF samples.
The precision, carry-over, limit of blank, and linearity of the XN-350 were acceptable. The limits of detection for white blood cells (WBCs) and red blood cells were 1.0/μL, and 1,000.0/μL, respectively; the corresponding limits of quantitation (LOQs) were 5.0/μL and 2,000.0/μL, respectively. The XN-350's cell enumeration and differential counting correlated well with those of manual chamber counting for all 3 sample types (except for differential counting in CSF samples), particularly parameters involving monocytes (r = 0.33) and mononuclear cells (MO- body fluid [BF]; r = 0.26), as well as total cell (TC-BF) enumeration (r = 0.50) and WBC-BF (r = 0.50) in PF samples. The MO-BF in CSF samples differed significantly from manual chamber counting results, but neither TC-BF nor WBC-BF in PF samples did. The XN-350 also showed good correlations with Cytospin analyses for differential counting of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes in PF samples. The differential counting of eosinophils via the XN-350 and Cytospin were not significantly correlated, but the difference between them was not significant.
The XN-350 is an acceptable alternative to manual fluid analysis. Samples with low cellularity around the LOQ should be checked manually. Moreover, manual differential counting should be performed on CSF samples, particularity those with low cell numbers.
Critical thinking intervention for stress reduction among undergraduates in the Nigerian Universities
Authors: Ugwuozor Felix Okechukwu , Otu Mkpoikanke Sunday , Mbaji Isaac Nnamdi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background:
The stress level of undergraduates is increasing at an alarming rate. This study's objective was to determine the effect of critical thinking intervention (CTI) for stress reduction among undergraduates in Nigerian Universities.

Methods:
This research used a pretest-posttest design. Participants were 103 undergraduates who had experienced a high level of stress. The Academic Stress Questionnaire (ASQ) and the Educational Stress Scale (ESSS) were the measures used for data collection in the study, while repeated measures analysis of variance was used for data analysis.

Results:
Before the intervention, assessment results showed that the stress level of participants was high, with no difference between those undergraduates in the treatment group and those in the no-treatment control group. After the intervention, the assessment results indicated a significant reduction in the undergraduates’ stress level in the treatment group compared to those in the no-treatment control group. Further significant reduction was observed in the undergraduates’ stress level in the treatment group compared to those in the no-treatment control group after follow-up assessment.

Conclusion:
The authors concluded that CTI intervention was significantly effective for stress reduction among undergraduates in Nigerian Universities. Therefore, counselors are called upon to adopt the principle of CTI intervention to help patients under stress reduce their stress levels.
Shearwave elastography of the Sartorius muscle
Authors: Bedewi Mohamed A. , Elsifey Ayman A. , Alfaifi Tariq , Saleh Ayman K. , Swify Sherine M. , Sandougah Kholoud J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The aim of the study was to study sonoelastographic features of thesartorius muscle, and its relation to the demographic factors.
The study included 70 muscles in 35 healthy subjects. High-resolution ultrasound and shearwave elastography were used to evaluate the sartorius muscle. Stiffness values were measured.
The mean shear elastic modulus of the sartorius muscle was 21.96 ± 5.1 kPa. Demographic factors showed no relation to the elastic modulus of the left sartorius muscle. Positive statistical correlation was noted between the elastic modulus of the right sartorius muscle, weight, and body mass index.
Our results could be a reference point for evaluating sartorius muscle stiffness in future research considering different pathologies.