bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Online team based learning in teaching Biochemistry for first year MBBS students during COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Govindarajan Sumitra , Rajaragupathy Sujatha 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe emergence of Corona Virus Disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic had unprecedented effects on medical education worldwide. Sustaining student engagement in virtual learning is an arduous task. Team based learning (TBL) is a learner‐centered approach that can facilitate better student engagement. Adapting TBL to online platform may address the challenges faced in virtual learning. This study was conducted to implement and evaluate online TBL among first year MBBS students in Biochemistry. After obtaining informed consent, three online TBL sessions were planned. The Individual Readiness Assessment Test, Group Readiness Assessment Test, and team application were assigned in Google classroom. The students used online platforms for their team interactions. After submitting their assignments, they joined online discussion with facilitator. Peer evaluation was done via Google forms. At the end of all the sessions, the students' perceptions on the process were collected using a structured anonymous feedback with open comments. Analysis of their feedback showed that the students found the process useful and it helped in fostering their team skills. Five major themes emerged on content analysis of the open comments; ‘Enriched team skills’, ‘Gain in knowledge’, ‘Impact on attitude’, ‘Interaction during pandemic’, and ‘Emotional responses’. Students perceived that the online TBL is effective in improving their engagement, learning, and team skills.
Anti‐PD‐1 therapy using cemiplimab for advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in HIV patient: A case report
Authors: Alloghbi Abdurahman , Ninia James , Alshare Bayan , Hotaling Jeffrey , Raza Syed , Sukari Ammar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis is a case of a 60‐year‐old man living with HIV who presented with advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. After workup, medical and surgical treatment, and disease recurrence, he achieved a complete response with no unexpected toxicities after immunotherapy with cemiplimab.
Hydrogen Conditioning Using Nanoporous Inorganic Membranes
Authors: Kämnitz Susanne , Simon Adrian , Richter Hannes , Weyd Marcus , Lubenau Udo , Geisler Tom , Voigt Ingolf 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCarbon‐based membranes were manufactured by deposition of a polymeric precursor on asymmetric porous, ceramic substrates with tube channel geometry followed by pyrolysis. As a precursor, an unsaturated polyester resin prepared was used. The deposition of the carbon membranes results first on short substrate geometries (105 mm long single‐channel tube), further a first scaling‐up on 19‐channel geometry (250 mm and 600 mm length) was successfully performed. The synthesized carbon membranes show excellent separation properties regarding hydrogen/natural gas separation. The molecular sieving effect of the carbon membranes was detected via the pressure rising method with molecules of different kinetic molecule diameters. The molecular sieve membranes can be used at high temperatures and high pressures. The carbon membranes were successfully tested in real natural gas environment.
Likelihood landscape and maximum likelihood estimation for the discrete orbit recovery model
Authors: Fan Zhou , Sun Yi , Wang Tianhao , Wu Yihong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe study the nonconvex optimization landscape for maximum likelihood estimation in the discrete orbit recovery model with Gaussian noise. This is a statistical model motivated by applications in molecular microscopy and image processing, where each measurement of an unknown object is subject to an independent random rotation from a known rotational group. Equivalently, it is a Gaussian mixture model where the mixture centers belong to a group orbit.We show that fundamental properties of the likelihood landscape depend on the signal‐to‐noise ratio and the group structure. At low noise, this landscape is “benign” for any discrete group, possessing no spurious local optima and only strict saddle points. At high noise, this landscape may develop spurious local optima, depending on the specific group. We discuss several positive and negative examples, and provide a general condition that ensures a globally benign landscape at high noise. For cyclic permutations of coordinates on(multireference alignment), there may be spurious local optima when, and we establish a correspondence between these local optima and those of a surrogate function of the phase variables in the Fourier domain.We show that the Fisher information matrix transitions from resembling that of a single Gaussian distribution in low noise to having a graded eigenvalue structure in high noise, which is determined by the graded algebra of invariant polynomials under the group action. In a local neighborhood of the true object, where the neighborhood size is independent of the signal‐to‐noise ratio, the landscape is strongly convex in a reparametrized system of variables given by a transcendence basis of this polynomial algebra. We discuss implications for optimization algorithms, including slow convergence of expectation‐maximization, and possible advantages of momentum‐based acceleration and variable reparametrization for first‐ and second‐order descent methods. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
SimAnMo—A parallelized runtime model generator
Authors: Burger Michael , Nguyen Giang Nam , Bischof Christian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this article, we present the novel features of the recent version of SimAnMo, the Simulated Annealing Modeler. The tool creates models that correlate the size of one input parameter of an application to the corresponding runtime and thus SimAnMo allows predictions for larger input sizes. A focus lies on applications whose runtime grows exponentially in the input parameter size. Such programs are, for example, of high interest for cryptanalysis to analyze practical security of traditional and post‐quantum secure schemes. However, SimAnMo also generates reliable models for the widespread case of polynomial runtime behavior and also for the important case of factorial runtime increase. SimAnMo's model generation is based on a parallelized simulated annealing procedure and heuristically minimizes the costs of a model. Those may rely on different quality metrics. Insights into SimAnMo's software design and its usage are provided. We demonstrate the quality of SimAnMo's models for different algorithms from various application fields. We show that our approach also works well on ARM architectures.
A single‐switch high‐gain DC–DC converter for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Kalahasthi Rajesh Babu , Ramteke Manojkumar R. , Suryawanshi Hiralal Murlidhar , Kothapalli Koteswararao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article presents a high‐gain DC–DC converter consisting of a quadratic boost converter and a voltage multiplier, which helps to lift up the voltage gain. The gain will be further enhanced by increasing the turn's ratio of the coupled inductor. The key features include ultrahigh gain, low voltage stress across switching devices, low input current ripple, and hence, it is preferably suitable for renewable energy applications. A passive clamp lowers the voltage stress across MOSFET, so allowing switch with lowerRds(on)reduces the system cost. Besides this, input inductor makes current continuous and reduces input current ripple. The reverse recovery problem of diodes also gets diminished with the usage of leakage energy of the coupled inductor. The operating principle with different modes of operation is also explained. Zero current switching (ZCS) turn‐on is achieved for power switch, and ZCS turn‐off is achieved for diodes, which helps to reduce the switching losses. This improves the overall system efficiency. A 250‐W prototype is built up to validate the converter.
Connectivity affects species turnover in soil microarthropod communities during Mediterranean forest establishment
Authors: Doblas‐Miranda Enrique , Pino Joan , Espelta Josep Maria 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEnvironmental conditions and the spatial arrangement of habitats are thought to play a major role in shaping community assembly during habitat construction and may be key in establishing time lags between habitat establishment and species colonization (colonization credits), and between local species extinction and habitat loss (extinction debts). Despite the importance of soil organisms in ecosystem functioning and their limited dispersal ability, these kinds of shifts in microarthropod communities have rarely been explored. We assessed the roles of the environment and connectivity in soil microarthropod community composition during habitat regeneration in Mediterranean forests. We selected three different forest patches in six study areas: one long‐established (pre‐1956; LONG) control forest patch, and two recent forest patches (post‐1956), one connected (CONN) to and one isolated (ISOL) from the LONG. In each patch, we determined soil temperature, moisture, pH, and fertility and collected soil samples for microarthropod extraction. Our results indicate that the densities of fauna such as oribatid mites and proturans with limited mobility were lower in ISOL than in other forest types; as well, oribatid populations in ISOL were less diverse. Arthropods with greater mobility than the precedent groups, such as collembolans and non‐oribatid mites, were present in lower densities in LONG than in other forest types. Oribatid assemblages in the two recent forest patches were more similar to one another than to those in the LONG. Recent forests were mostly dominated by known pioneer species, while LONG was dominated by the typical species found in well‐developed organic soils. In conclusion, oribatid density and richness had recovered surprisingly well in CONN, more so than in ISOL and to a similar extent as LONG. However, oribatid assemblages in the recent forests are different from those in long‐established forests due to the potential colonization credits and extinction debts triggered by soil development.
Sea or summit? Wild reindeer spatial responses to changing high‐arctic winters
Authors: Pedersen Åshild Ønvik , Beumer Larissa T. , Aanes Ronny , Hansen Brage B. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBecause of climate change, wildlife is facing altered environments, including profound shifts in temperature and precipitation regimes. In snow‐dominated ecosystems, winter warming and resulting changes in snowpack properties impact forage accessibility for ungulates—often for the worse. The potential of individuals and populations to buffer negative fitness effects of harsh winters with “basal ice” (i.e., ice on the ground) and/or a harder or deeper snowpack depends on their ability to adjust behaviorally through changes in diet, dispersal, or small‐scale habitat use. Here, we use ten years of late winter snowpack monitoring and population census data from three neighboring, semi‐isolated coastal populations of high‐arctic wild Svalbard reindeer to explore small‐scale space use responses to annual variation in late winter‐foraging conditions. Based on location data from the population censuses, we roughly classified individuals' spatial foraging strategy (i.e., habitat use) during late winter into “tundra” (foraging on tundra plains), “mountain” (foraging at high elevations, with low plant biomass but less snow and ice), or “shore” (foraging along the seashore, subsidizing terrestrial food with kelp and seaweed). Using multinomial logistic regression, we modeled the probability of reindeer adopting either of these strategies as a function of density‐dependent winter severity. Our results suggest that effects of winter severity on habitat use are density‐dependent and that snowpack depth and hardness (excluding basal ice, measured as “integrated ram hardness,” IRH) have stronger influence on reindeer foraging behavior than basal ice, at least at such spatial scales. Particularly, high IRH increased the probability of reindeer seeking high‐elevation and steep terrain instead of tundra lowlands, but not at low population density, that is, when competition for food is negligible. This strategy was most pronounced among adult males, possibly reflecting their risk‐prone behavior and/or reduced competitiveness related to lack of antlers during winter. This study demonstrates important patterns of temporal, spatial, and demographic variation in reindeer's winter‐foraging strategies, adding novel, nuanced insights into how climate change affects spatial processes in isolated ungulate populations. The results add to the impression of considerable behavioral flexibility, which may aid buffering the negative fitness effects of complex changes in foraging conditions due to environmental changes.
Adverse Effects of Anti‐Covid‐19 Drug Candidates and Alcohol on Cellular Stress Responses of Hepatocytes
Authors: Khalatbari Atousa , Aghazadeh Zahra , Ji Cheng 
Published: December 2021

During the pandemic, dexamethasone (DEX), remdesivir (RDV), hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), thapsigargin (TG), camostat mesylate (CaM), and pralatrexate were repurposed drugs for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). However, the side effects on the liver associated with the anti‐COVID therapies are unknown. Cellular stresses by these drugs at 0‐30 μM were studied using HepG2, Huh7, and/or primary human hepatocytes. DEX or RDV induced endoplasmic reticulum stress with increased X‐box binding protein 1 and autophagic response with increased accumulation of microtubule‐associated protein 1A/1B‐light chain 3 (LC3‐II). DEX and RDV had additive effects on the stress responses in the liver cells, which further increased expression of activating transcription factor 4 and C/EBP homology protein 1 (CHOP), and cell death. Alcohol pretreatment (50 mM) and DEX induced greater cellular stress responses than DEX and RDV. Pralatrexate induced Golgi fragmentation, cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase, activations of poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1 (PARP) and caspases, and cell death. Pralatrexate and alcohol had synergistic effects on the cell death mediators of Bim, caspase3, and PARP. The protease inhibitor CaM and TG induced autophagic response and mitochondrial stress with altered mitochondrial membrane potential, B‐cell lymphoma 2, and cytochrome C. TG and HCQ induced autophagic response markers of Unc‐51 like autophagy activating kinase, LC3‐II, Beclin1, and Atg5, and severe ER stress marker CHOP. Conclusion: These results suggest that the anti‐COVID‐19 drugs, especially with drug–drug or alcohol–drug combinations, cause cellular stress responses and injuries in the liver cells.
Unsteady MHD fluid flow past an inclined vertical porous plate in the presence of chemical reaction with aligned magnetic field, radiation, and Soret effects
Authors: Raghunath Kodi , Gulle Nagesh , Vaddemani Ramachandra Reddy , Mopuri Obulesu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe aim of the present paper is to investigate the Soret effect due to mixed convection on unsteady magnetohydrodynamics flow past a semi‐infinite vertical permeable moving plate in the presence of thermal radiation, heat absorption, and homogenous chemical reaction subjected to variable suction. The plate is assumed to be embedded in a uniform porous medium and moves with a constant velocity in the flow direction in the presence of a transverse magnetic field. The equations governing the flow are transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using the perturbation technique. Graphical results for the velocity distribution, temperature distribution, and concentration distribution based on the numerical solutions are presented and discussed. Also, the effects of various parameters on the skin‐friction coefficient and the rate of heat transfer in the form of Nusselt number, and rate of mass transfer in the form of Sherwood number at the surface are discussed. Velocity distribution is observed to increase with an increase in Soret number and in the presence of permeability, whereas it shows reverse effects in the case of the aligned magnetic field, inclined parameter, heat absorption coefficient, magnetic parameter, radiation parameter, and chemical reaction parameter.
Dmp1 Lineage Cells Contribute Significantly to Periosteal Lamellar Bone Formation Induced by Mechanical Loading But Are Depleted from the Bone Surface During Rapid Bone Formation
Authors: Harris Taylor L. , Silva Matthew J. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTPrevious work has shown that osteoprogenitor cells (Prx1+) and pre‐osteoblasts (Osx+) contribute to mechanical loading‐induced bone formation. However, the role of mature Dmp1‐expressing osteoblasts has not been reported. In this study we assessed the contribution of osteoblast lineage cells to bone formation at an early time point following mechanical loading (day 8 from onset of loading). We labeled Osx‐expressing and Dmp1‐expressing cells in inducible Osx and Dmp1 reporter mice (iOsx‐Ai9, iDmp1‐Ai9), respectively, 3 weeks before loading. Mice were then loaded daily for 5 days (days 1–5) and were dosed with 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU) in their drinking water until euthanasia on day 8. Mice were loaded to lamellar and woven bone inducing stimulation (−7 N/1400 με, −10 N/2000 με) to assess differences in these processes. We found varied responses in males and females to the loading stimuli, inducing modest lamellar (females, −7 N), moderate lamellar (males, −10 N), and robust woven (females, −10 N) bone. Overall, we found that preexisting (ie, lineage positive) Osx‐expressing and Dmp1‐expressing cells contribute largely to the bone formation response, especially during modest bone formation, while our results stuggest that other (non‐lineage–positive) cells support the sustained bone formation response during rapid bone formation. With moderate or robust levels of bone formation, a decrease in preexisting Osx‐expressing and Dmp1‐expressing cells at the bone surface occurred, with a near depletion of Dmp1‐expressing cells from the surface in female mice loaded to −10 N (from 52% to 11%). These cells appeared to be replaced by lineage‐negative cells from the periosteum. We also found a dose response in proliferation, with 17% to 18% of bone surface cells arising via proliferation in modest lamellar, 38% to 53% in moderate lamellar, and 59% to 81% in robust woven bone formation. In summary, our results show predominant contributions by preexisting Osx and Dmp1 lineage cells to loading‐induced lamellar bone formation, whereas recruitment of earlier osteoprogenitors and increased cell proliferation support robust woven bone formation. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Racial triangulation and shifting standards in mental health assessments
Authors: Gushue George V. , Lee Tina R. , Kim Jung Eun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the presence of racial bias in mental health assessments among White trainees and clinicians using the shifting standards paradigm (Biernat, 2003) and the racial triangulation framework (Kim, 1999). A total of 181 White participants viewed one of three case vignettes, all of which were identical except for the race of a fictitious client named Karl. Participants completed a clinical impressions inventory (Gushue, 2004) and the internal causality subscale from the Causation Dimension Scale (Russell, 1982). Results indicated differences in examiner ratings based on Karl's race. Black Karl was rated as significantly less symptomatic, compared to White or East Asian Karl, consistent with the shifting standards paradigm (Biernat, 2003; Gushue, 2004). No difference was found in symptom severity ratings between White Karl and East Asian Karl. Symptoms were also more likely to be attributed to internal factors with Black Karl than with White or East Asian Karl.
Detection of sieric BAG3 in patients affected by cardiovascular diseases: State of art and perspectives
Authors: Maffioli Pamela , D'Angelo Angela , Tinelli Carmine , Falcone Colomba , Galasso Gennaro , Derosa Giuseppe 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBAG3 is highly expressed in the heart and its functions are essential in maintaining cardiac muscle cells homeostasis. In the past, BAG3 was detected in serum from advanced heart failure patients and its higher levels were correlated to an increased death risk. Moreover, it has also been reported that BAG3 levels in serum are increased in patients with hypertension, a known cardiovascular risk marker. Evidence from different laboratories suggested the possibility to use BAG3‐based strategies to improve the clinical outcome of cardiovascular disease patients. This review aims to highlight the biological roles of intracellular or secreted BAG3 in myocardiocytes and propose additional new data on the levels of sieric BAG3 in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), never assessed before. We evaluated BAG3 serum levels in relation to cardiovascular risk parameters in 64 AMI patients aged ≥18 years of either sex. We observed significant (p < .01) correlations of BAG3 positivity with dyslipidemic status and diabetic disease. We did not observe any significant correlations of BAG3 levels with smoking habit, hypertension or familiarity for AMI, although BAG3‐positive seemed to be more numerous than BAG3‐negative patients among hypertensives and among patients with familiarity for AMI. Furthermore, a significant (p < .001) correlation of BAG3 positivity with diuretics assumption was also noted. In conclusion, 32.8% of the patients were BAG3‐positive and were characterized by some particular features as comorbidity presence or concomitant therapies. The significance of these observations needs to be verified by more extensive studies and could help in the validation of the use of BAG3 as a biomarker in heart attack risk stratification.
Isolation and functional analysis ofOsAOS1 promoter for resistance toNilaparvata lugensStål infestation in rice
Authors: Li Hanpeng , Xu Xueliang , Han Kehong , Wang Zhengjie , Ma Weihua , Lin Yongjun , Hua Hongxia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInsect pests have a great impact on the yield and quality of crops. Insecticide applications are an effective method of pest control, however, they also have adverse effects on the environment. Using insect‐inducible promoters to drive insect‐resistant genes in transgenic crops is a potential sustainable pest management strategy, but insect‐inducible promoters have been rarely reported. In this study, we found rice allene oxide synthase gene (AOS, LOC_Os03g12500) can be highly upregulated following brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugensStål, BPH) infestation. Then, we amplified the promoter ofOsAOS1and theβ‐glucuronidasereporter gene was used to analyze the expression pattern of the promoter. Through a series of 5ʹ truncated assays, three positive regulatory regions in response to BPH infestation in the promoter were identified. The transgenic plants,P1R123‐min 35SandP1TR1‐min 35Spromoter‐driven snowdrop lectin (Galanthus nivalisagglutinin, GNA) gene, demonstrated the highest expression levels ofGNAand lowest BPH survival. Our work identified a BPH‐inducible promoter and three positive regions within it. Transgenic rice withGNAdriven byOsAOS1promoter and positive regions exhibited an expected lethal effect on BPH. This study proved the application potential of BPH‐inducible promoter and provided a novel path for the selection of insect‐resistant tools in the future.