bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oncomodulin derived from regeneration-associated macrophages in dorsal root ganglia promotes axon regeneration in the spinal cord
Authors: Kwon Min Jung , Seo Yeojin , Cho Hana , Choi Jihye , Kim Hyung Soon , Oh Youngjoo , Kim Minjae , Park Hee Hwan , Joe Eun-Hye , Kwon Myung-Hee , Kang Han Chang , Kim Byung Gon 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPreconditioning nerve injury drives pro-regenerative perineuronal macrophage activation in dorsal root ganglia (DRG). The present study reports that oncomodulin (ONCM) is produced from the regeneration-associated macrophages (RAMs) and strongly influences regeneration of DRG sensory axons. Preconditioning injury upregulated ONCM in DRG macrophages in a CCR2 dependent manner. ONCM in macrophages was necessary to produce RAMs in the in vitro model of neuron-macrophage interaction and played an essential role in for preconditioning or CCL2-induced neurite outgrowth. ONCM potently increased neurite outgrowth in cultured DRG neurons by activating a distinct gene set, particularly neuropeptide-related genes. Increasing extracellularly secreted ONCM in DRGs sufficiently enhanced capacity of neurite outgrowth. To achieve sustained ONCM activity in vivo, recombinant ONCM was encapsulated by a reducible epsilon-poly(L-lysine)-nanogel (REPL-NG) system based on electrostatic interaction. Localized injection of REPL-NG/ONCM complex into DRGs achieved a remarkable long-range axonal regeneration beyond spinal cord lesion, surpassing the extent of the preconditioning effects.
31P Transversal Relaxation Times and Metabolite Concentrations in the Human Brain at 9.4T
Authors: Dorst Johanna , Borbath Tamas , Ruhm Loreen , Henning Anke 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA method to estimate phosphorus (31P) transversal relaxation times (T2) of coupled spin systems is demonstrated. Additionally, intracellular and extracellular pH (pHext, pHint) and relaxation corrected metabolite concentrations are reported. Echo time (TE) series of 31P metabolite spectra were acquired using STEAM localization. Spectra were fitted using LCModel with accurately modeled Vespa basis sets accounting for J-evolution of the coupled spin systems. T2s were estimated by fitting a single exponential two-parameter model across the TE series. Fitted inorganic phosphate frequencies were used to calculate pH, and relaxation times were used to determine the brain metabolite concentrations. The method was demonstrated in the healthy human brain at a field strength of 9.4T. T2 relaxation times of ATP and NAD are the shortest between 8 ms and 20 ms, followed by T2s of inorganic phosphate between 25 ms and 50 ms, and PCr with a T2 of 100 ms. Phosphomonoesters and –diesters have the longest T2s of about 130 ms. Measured T2s are comparable to literature values and fit in a decreasing trend with increasing field strengths. Calculated pHs and metabolite concentrations are also comparable to literature values.
Improved binding affinity of the Omicron’s spike protein with hACE2 receptor is the key factor behind its increased virulence
Authors: Kumar Rajender , Murugan N. Arul , Srivastava Vaibhav 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe new variant of SARS-CoV-2, Omicron, has been quickly spreading in many countries worldwide. Compared to the original virus, Omicron is characterized by several mutations in its genomic region, including spike protein’s receptor-binding domain (RBD). We have computationally investigated the interaction between RBD of both wild-type and omicron variants with hACE2 receptor using molecular dynamics and MM-GBSA based binding free energy calculations. The mode of the interaction between Omicron’s RBD to the human ACE2 (hACE2) receptor is similar to the original SARS-CoV-2 RBD except for a few key differences. The binding free energy difference shows that the spike protein of Omicron has increased binding affinity for the hACE-2 receptor. The mutated residues in the RBD showed strong interactions with a few amino acid residues of the hACE2. More specifically, strong electrostatic interactions (salt bridges) and hydrogen bonding were observed between R493 and R498 residues of the Omicron RBD with D30/E35 and D38 residues of the hACE2, respectively. Other mutated amino acids in the Omicron RBD, e.g. S496 and H505, also exhibited hydrogen bonding with the hACE2 receptor. The pi-stacking interaction was also observed between tyrosine residues (RBD-Tyr501: hACE2-Tyr41) in the complex, which contributes majorly to binding free energies suggesting this as one of the key interactions stabilizing the complex formation. The structural insights of RBD:hACE2 complex, their binding mode information and residue wise contributions to binding free energy provide insight on the increased transmissibility of Omicron and pave the way to design and optimize novel antiviral agents.
GBP2 engages Galectin-9 for immunity againstToxoplasma gondii
Authors: Kravets Elisabeth , Poschmann Gereon , Hänsch Sebastian , Raba Veronica , Weidtkamp-Peters Stefanie , Degrandi Daniel , Stühler Kai , Pfeffer Klaus 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGuanylate binding proteins (GBPs) are large interferon-inducible GTPases, executing essential host defense activities againstToxoplasma gondii,an invasive intracellular apicomplexan protozoan parasite of global importance.T. gondiiestablishes a parasitophorous vacuole (PV) which shields the parasite from the host’s intracellular defense mechanisms. Murine GBPs (mGBPs) recognizeT. gondiiPVs and assemble into supramolecular mGBP homo- and heterocomplexes that are required for the disruption of the membrane of PVs eventually resulting in the cell-autonomous immune control of vacuole-resident pathogens. We have previously shown that mGBP2 plays an important role inT. gondiiimmune control. Here, to unravel mGBP2 functions, we report Galectin-9 (Gal9) as a critical mGBP2 interaction partner engaged for immunity toT. gondii. Interestingly, Gal9 also accumulates and colocalizes with mGBP2 at theT. gondiiPV. Furthermore, we could prove the requirement of Gal9 for growth control ofT. gondiiby CRISPR/Cas9 mediated gene editing. These discoveries clearly indicate that Gal9 is a crucial factor for the mGBP2 coordinated cell autonomous host defense mechanism againstT. gondii.
Classification of Preeclamptic Placental Extracellular Vesicles Using Femtosecond Laser-fabricated Nanoplasmonic Sensors and Machine Learning
Authors: Kazemzadeh Mohammadrahim , Martinez-Calderon Miguel , Paek Song Y. , Lowe MoiMoi , Aguergaray Claude , Xu Weiliang , Chamley Lawrence W. , Broderick Neil G.R. , Hisey Colin L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPlacental extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an essential role in pregnancy by protecting and transporting diverse biomolecules that aid in fetomaternal communication. However, in preeclampsia, they have also been implicated in contributing to disease progression. Despite their potential clinical value, most current technologies cannot provide a rapid and effective means of differentiating between healthy and diseased placental EVs. To address this, we developed a fabrication process called laser-induced nanostructuring of SERS-active thin films (LINST), which produces nanoplasmonic substrates that provide exceptional Raman signal enhancement and allow the biochemical fingerprinting of EVs. After validating LINST performance with chemical standards, we used placental EVs from tissue explant cultures and demonstrated that preeclamptic and normotensive placental EVs have classifiably distinct Raman spectra following the application of both conventional and advanced machine learning algorithms. Given the abundance of placental EVs in maternal circulation, these findings will encourage immediate exploration of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) as a promising method for preeclampsia liquid biopsies, while our novel fabrication process can provide a versatile and scalable substrate for many other SERS applications.
Catch the star! Spatial information activates the manual motor system
Authors: Miklashevsky A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPrevious research demonstrated a close bidirectional relationship between spatial attention and the manual motor system. However, it is unclear whether an explicit hand movement is necessary for this relationship to appear. A novel method with high temporal resolution – bimanual grip force registration – sheds light on this issue. Participants held two grip force sensors while being presented with lateralized stimuli (exogenous attentional shifts, Experiment 1), left- or right-pointing central arrows (endogenous attentional shifts, Experiment 2), or the words “left” or “right” (endogenous attentional shifts, Experiment 3). There was an early interaction between the presentation side or arrow direction and grip force: lateralized objects and central arrows led to an increase of the ipsilateral force and a decrease of the contralateral force. Surprisingly, words led to the opposite pattern: increased force in the contralateral hand and decreased force in the ipsilateral hand. The effect was stronger and appeared earlier for lateralized objects (60 ms after stimulus presentation) than for arrows (100 ms) or words (250 ms). Thus, processing visuospatial information automatically activates the manual motor system, but the timing and direction of this effect vary depending on the type of stimulus.
Convergence theorem of Pettis integrable multivalued pramart
Authors: El-Louh M'Hamed , El Allali Mohammed , Ezzaki Fatima 
Published: December 2021

PurposeIn this work, the authors are interested in the notion of vector valued and set valued Pettis integrable pramarts. The notion of pramart is more general than that of martingale. Every martingale is a pramart, but the converse is not generally true.Design/methodology/approachIn this work, the authors present several properties and convergence theorems for Pettis integrable pramarts with convex weakly compact values in a separable Banach space.FindingsThe existence of the conditional expectation of Pettis integrable mutifunctions indexed by bounded stopping times is provided. The authors prove the almost sure convergence in Mosco and linear topologies of Pettis integrable pramarts with values in (cwk(E)) the family of convex weakly compact subsets of a separable Banach space.Originality/valueThe purpose of the present paper is to present new properties and various new convergence results for convex weakly compact valued Pettis integrable pramarts in Banach space.
Evaluating citizen-consumers' attitude toward high social content products: the case of social farming
Authors: Uliano Anna , Stanco Marcello , Lerro Marco , Marotta Giuseppe , Nazzaro Concetta 
Published: December 2021

PurposeSocial Farming (SF) is an expression of agricultural diversification and multifunctionality, due to its ability to create positive externalities through the inclusion of vulnerable individuals. For this reason, products derived from SF are characterized by social quality attributes, which, however, are not often recognized by the market. This study aims to investigate the reasons behind the lacked recognition of the value created by SF analyzing the willingness to pay (WTP) for such products and the factors affecting citizen-consumers' purchasing behavior.Design/methodology/approachData were collected through a convenience sample (N = 350) via a web-based structured questionnaire. Psycho-attitudinal scales, previously validated in literature, were adopted to characterize the citizen-consumers interviewed. A logistic regression was run in order to determine those characteristics of respondents affecting their intention to purchase SF products, while an ordered logistic regression was performed to uncover the determinants of consumers' WTP for SF products.FindingsThe results show the relevant role of the level of education, household size and ethical self-identity in affecting the willingness to support SF activities by paying a price premium for its products. Lack of availability and information about SF products are the main factors limiting their purchase.Originality/valueThe study offers interesting results outlining future research fields about market penetration strategies and policy implications.
Investigation of the current usage of BIM capabilities by large-sized building contractors in Kenya based on theory of innovation diffusion
Authors: Oyuga Joel Odhiambo , Gwaya Abednego , Njuguna Mugwima Bernard 
Published: December 2021

PurposeThis study aims to focus on the four user characteristics of innovation diffusion (availability, observability and trialability [AOT], simplicity, relative advantage [RA] and interoperability) to observe their influence on building information modelling (BIM) usage. This study focuses on the Kenyan construction industry, specifically the building contractors.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses purposive sampling and specifically focusses on active construction sites that met requirements needed for BIM usage to thrive. Data was collected manually using questionnaires (N= 62).FindingsThis paper contributes to the analysis of the current state of BIM usage by the Kenyan construction industry specifically among building contractors and confirms that Kenya is at the early majority adopters’ stage of diffusion characterised by low BIM usage. In terms of correlation, this study found out that AOT had a strong positive correlation with usage, RA had a moderate positive correlation with usage, simplicity had a weak positive correlation with usage and interoperability had no correlation with usage.Practical implicationsThis study gives a clear trend on BIM usage among building contractors to assist potential BIM users make informed decision. The recommendations in this study can be adopted by any late adopter jurisdiction whose structure of the construction industry is similar to Kenya’s.Originality/valueThis paper highlights variables that enable or subdue BIM usage. It goes further to localise and contextualise the barriers for deeper understanding of what makes these barriers be major hindrances towards BIM usage and giving practical solutions to these barriers.
Mind the attention gap: how does digital advertising impact choice under low attention?
Authors: Santoso Irene , Wright Malcolm J. , Trinh Giang , Avis Mark 
Published: December 2021

Purpose
This study aims to investigate whether digital advertising can be effective despite consumer inattention and how certain common combinations of ad characteristics increase or decrease ad effectiveness under conditions of low attention.

Design/methodology/approach
Using two online experiments in naturalistic environment, the authors compare ad effects under focussed, divided and incidental attention, for certain ad characteristics, namely, appeal type and (mis)matching between appeal and brand type. The results are analysed using logistic regression.

Findings
Ad exposure under low attention does increase brand consideration and choice. The greatest uplift in impact occurs when moving from non-exposure to incidental attention. Under incidental attention, emotive advertising was more effective than rational advertising, as was matching rather than mismatching an emotional appeal to a hedonic brand. Conversely, under divided attention, rational advertising and mismatching a rational appeal to a hedonic brand were more effective.

Research limitations/implications
This research explores the effectiveness of Twitter ads with an emotional or a rational appeal and the (mis)matching between appeal and utilitarian or hedonic brand type. Future research can examine other formats and creative elements of digital advertising that can affect the low-attention processing and the effects that occur.

Practical implications
Intrusive, attention-getting advertising strategies may not be necessary. Certain common creative devices can increase advertising effectiveness despite low attention, so marketers can ensure consumer-centric marketing communication.

Originality/value
There has previously been limited understanding of low-attention mechanisms in advertising and little evidence of ad effectiveness under conditions of low attention. The research also demonstrates that certain ad characteristics, linked to common creative devices, enhance the impact of advertising despite low attention.
Introduction of a novel electric field-based plate heat sink for heat transfer enhancement of thermal systems
Authors: Nourdanesh Nader , Ranjbar Faramarz 
Published: December 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to use an electric field technique to design novel heat sinks capable of rejecting as much heat as possible in a limited space. Configuration of electrodes in this study can be used for increasing the efficiency of heat sinks.

Design/methodology/approach
This study investigates a novel electrohydrodynamic (EHD)-based heat sink for thermal management of electronic devices and thermal systems. The significant part of designing an EHD heat sink is the arrangement of the electrodes. A numerical simulation is performed for a heat sink with two parallel plates to determine the optimum dimensional configuration of electrodes. The upper plate of this heat sink is the ground electrode with a constant atmosphere temperature, and the lower plate of it with flush-mounted high-voltage electrodes has uniform heat flux.

Findings
The results show that heat transfer changes by the size of the vortices and the number of them. These vortices are emerged by the electric field, and the number of them increases with increasing the number of electrodes. The interaction of vortices size and number leads to having the lowest average temperature in the optimum case by two high voltage electrodes with widths of 7.5 mm and a 17.5 mm gap between them. In comparison with the case without the electric field, with increasing the applied voltage to 30 kV, the efficiency of this EHD heat sink increases up to 37%.

Originality/value
Improvements in electrical equipment make them more compact with higher heat fluxes. Hence, the amount of heat to be dissipated per area increases and needs thermal management to operate at their design temperatures. Therefore, to improve the performance and life span of electronic components and increase their efficiency, it is necessary to design heat sinks to decrease their maximum (peak) temperature.
3rd and 11th orders of accuracy of ‘linear’ and ‘quadratic’ elements for Poisson equation with irregular interfaces on Cartesian meshes
Authors: Idesman Alexander , Dey Bikash 
Published: December 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is as follows: to significantly reduce the computation time (by a factor of 1,000 and more) compared to known numerical techniques for real-world problems with complex interfaces; and to simplify the solution by using trivial unfitted Cartesian meshes (no need in complicated mesh generators for complex geometry).

Design/methodology/approach
This study extends the recently developed optimal local truncation error method (OLTEM) for the Poisson equation with constant coefficients to a much more general case of discontinuous coefficients that can be applied to domains with different material properties (e.g. different inclusions, multi-material structural components, etc.). This study develops OLTEM using compact 9-point and 25-point stencils that are similar to those for linear and quadratic finite elements. In contrast to finite elements and other known numerical techniques for interface problems with conformed and unfitted meshes, OLTEM with 9-point and 25-point stencils and unfitted Cartesian meshes provides the 3-rd and 11-th order of accuracy for irregular interfaces, respectively; i.e. a huge increase in accuracy by eight orders for the new 'quadratic' elements compared to known techniques at similar computational costs. There are no unknowns on interfaces between different materials; the structure of the global discrete system is the same for homogeneous and heterogeneous materials (the difference in the values of the stencil coefficients). The calculation of the unknown stencil coefficients is based on the minimization of the local truncation error of the stencil equations and yields the optimal order of accuracy of OLTEM at a given stencil width. The numerical results with irregular interfaces show that at the same number of degrees of freedom, OLTEM with the 9-points stencils is even more accurate than the 4-th order finite elements; OLTEM with the 25-points stencils is much more accurate than the 7-th order finite elements with much wider stencils and conformed meshes.

Findings
The significant increase in accuracy for OLTEM by one order for 'linear' elements and by 8 orders for 'quadratic' elements compared to that for known techniques. This will lead to a huge reduction in the computation time for the problems with complex irregular interfaces. The use of trivial unfitted Cartesian meshes significantly simplifies the solution and reduces the time for the data preparation (no need in complicated mesh generators for complex geometry).

Originality/value
It has been never seen in the literature such a huge increase in accuracy for the proposed technique compared to existing methods. Due to a high accuracy, the proposed technique will allow the direct solution of multiscale problems without the scale separation.
Why do hotel interns stay in the hospitality and tourism industry? An interactionist perspective of organizational socialization
Authors: Zhou Xiaoman , Hu Yaou , Li Yaoqi , Wen Biyan 
Published: December 2021

PurposePromoting interns’ organizational socialization has become an urgent concern for the hotel industry. Building on career construction theory, this study aims to use a time-lagged design to investigate the interrelationships among perceived organizational support (POS), psychological capital and organizational socialization and their consequent effects on interns’ intention to stay in the hotel industry.Design/methodology/approachPanel data were obtained in three waves from hotel interns from 21 upscale hotels located in 13 cities in China with a time lag of 10 weeks (N= 369). The structural equation modeling was used for data analysis.FindingsPOS has a significantly positive effect on interns' psychological capital. Additionally, both POS and psychological capital contribute to the intention to stay in the hotel industry through the mediation of organizational socialization.Practical implicationsHotels should communicate with interns more explicitly, provide assistance programs to alleviate uncertainty and reward interns on their excellent service performance to improve POS. Moreover, setting up psychological capital programs and empowering interns to be involved in task development is beneficial for enhancing psychological capital. Hotels should also consider mentoring as a socialization approach. Further, career planning and counseling programs should be provided for interns’ long-term hospitality career development.Originality/valueA time-lagged research method is adopted to provide a new approach to improve interns’ intention to stay in the hotel industry from the interactionist perspective. This study enriches research about psychological capital, POS and organizational socialization.