bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of diet on polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Łopuszyńska Anna Małgorzata , Pawlicki Mateusz , Kozioł Magdalena , Krasa Aleksandra , Piekarska Ewa , Piecewicz-Szczęsna Halina 
Published: September 2021

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinopathy in women in reproductive age. It is estimated that it affects about 5-10% of women aged 18-44. This disease is associated with reproductive dysfunction and metabolic disorders. According to the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) 2018 guidelines, the first line treatment for PCOS are lifestyle adjustments, including dietary control and exercise. Hence a lot of research on the diet that is most appropriate for this group of people. Material and methods: PubMed research base was searched using the following keywords: diet, pcos, policystic ovary syndrome in 2017-2021. Results: The diet of women with PCOS is poorly composed, and dietary errors may affect the metabolic disorders occurring in these patients. Women with PCOS tend to have insufficient intakes of vitamin D, fiber, and vitamin B9, as well as excessive sodium intake. Mediterranean, ketogenic, low-carbohydrate, low-glycemic, low-AGE and pod-based diets positively affect this disease in various ways. Conclusions: PCOS is a very diverse disease that affects a large number of women around the world. Changing your lifestyle, including diet and exercise, is the first line treatment. This is why creating the best diet for these patients is extremely important. Current discoveries are very promising and give hope to create a model of nutrition that will be the best for these women. Large, multicentre randomized trials are still needed to develop diets that are appropriate for different patients because the disease picture is heterogeneous.
The influence of bisphenol A on the human body
Authors: Kozioł Magdalena , Krasa Aleksandra , Łopuszyńska Anna Małgorzata , Pawlicki Mateusz , Piekarska Ewa , Piecewicz-Szczęsna Halina , Wójcik Anna 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a substance commonly used in industry for the production of everyday plastic products. It is also found in thermal paper. Global pollution of the environment by BPA results in constant exposure to its harmful effects. This substance penetrates the skin, respiratory tract and food into the body. BPA, due to its structure similar to estrogens, disturbs e.g. functioning of the endocrine system and increases the risk of certain cancers.
Material and methods: The PubMed and Google Scholar databases were used to review the literature.
Description of knowledge: Exposure of breast cancer cells to BPA results in increased aromatase synthesis and increased proliferation of ER + cells. Moreover, BPA stimulates the growth of neoplastic breast cancer cells not only at high doses but also at low doses (<25 µg / kg / day). This substance has an affinity for the estrogen receptor. Daily doses of BPA have been found to increase the density of the mammary gland in mammography. Exposure of this substance to human prostate epithelial cells induced the potential of cancer development in prostate cells. Recent studies have shown that BPA causes increased bronchial reactivity and reduced epidermal regeneration capacity, which proves its pro-inflammatory effect. Research proves that BPA reduces the ability to learn and disrupts the Glu / GABA neurotransmitter ratio.
Conclusions: The ubiquitous presence of BPA has a negative effect on living organisms. By accumulating in adipose tissue, it exposes us to constant exposure, which is dangerous even in low doses. Increases the risk of infertility and cancer. Acting pro-inflammatory, it increases the susceptibility to allergens. There are calls for the use of BPA-free packaging and for steps to be taken to reduce BPA production.
Key words: bisphenol A; BPA; estrogen; mechanisms; receptors; cancer.
Xylometazoline and oxymetazoline - unusual effects of everyday drugs (literature review)
Authors: Klas Jakub , Kluz Natalia , Piwowar Klaudia 
Published: September 2021

The aim of the study is to systematize the knowledge about xylometazoline and oxymetazoline - commonly used nasal sprays with sympathicomimetic effect, mainly directly on α-adrenergic receptors [1]. A review of recent reports on possible side effects and new therapeutic options will be presented.
Results: Over several years, reports have been published regarding descriptions of unusual cases of side effects, such as angina attack [4], a case of respiratory failure in a newborn [5], ischemic stroke [6], or anaphylactic reaction during routine surgery.
In experiments using rats, on the other hand, it has been shown that these substances can also cause increased inflammation of the lower respiratory tract [7], as well as numerous ophthalmic problems [8].
Recent reports also suggest new uses for xylometazoline and oxymetazoline. In combination with lidocaine, an intranasal solution of xylometazoline has shown efficacy in the anesthesia of maxillary teeth in patients with minor carious lesions [9], and a beneficial therapeutic combination of oxymetazoline and dye laser (PDL) has also been reported for the treatment of rosacea, among others [10].
Conclusions: Although imidazoline derivatives were admitted to the drug list decades ago, still their pharmacological potential has not been fully exploited. Finding applications of these drugs in dermatology and dentistry may not only improve the efficacy and comfort of treatment, but also significantly reduce the costs of the whole therapy. The aforementioned reports on the side effects of xylometazoline and oxymetazoline should not be forgotten. It is possible that the presented examples will increase awareness to use these drugs with more respect, according to the recommendations on the leaflet.
Vaccination of pregnant women
Authors: Adamczyk-Gruszka Olga 
Published: September 2021

Vaccination of pregnant women for their protection and the protection of the fetus and the child is not common. Health professionals' prejudices about immunization of pregnant women increase the concerns of women and their families. Such behavior is not supported by scientific data. The literature describes the harmlessness of the vaccine for mother and child in the case of seasonal, pandemic or meningococcal flu, pneumococcus, tetanus, acellular pertussis, human papillomavirus, cholera, hepatitis A, Japanese encephalitis, rabies, anthrax, smallpox, yellow fever, mumps, measles and rubella, typhoid fever, inactivated or attenuated polio vaccines, and Bacillus Calmétte Guerin vaccines.
Many scientific studies show the beneficial effects of the flu vaccine for mother and baby and the pertussis vaccine for the baby. Staff of Obstetrics and Gynecology Departments, family doctors and midwives should include vaccinations in their standard clinical care.
Strategies are needed that are effective in reducing parents' reluctance to vaccinate. Every pregnant woman should be aware that the lack of vaccines before pregnancy does not preclude the use of some of them during pregnancy.
Nursing care for a patient with chronic insufficiency prepared for kidney transplant
Authors: Reczkowska Justyna , Sławiński Mirosław 
Published: September 2021

Admission: The term chronic renal failure (CHF) has been used since the beginning of medicine. In Poland, as in the rest of the world, there is a continuous increase in society who suffer from CKD in the uremic phase. Transplantation is considered to be the most optimal method of treating chronic renal failure. It is considered to be the most effective because the transplanted organ can take over all the functions that a healthy organ performs in the donor human body.
Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to provide holistic care to a patient with chronic renal failure who was being prepared for organ transplant.
Materials and methods: The study uses the method of an individual case, used in qualitative research.
Case report: The subject of the study is a 45-year-old man with chronic renal failure caused by poorly treated arterial hypertension. After performing basic blood tests, he was referred to the Department of Nephrology due to the diagnosis of renal failure. The diagnosis was confirmed at the ward. Despite compliance with the recommendations, glomerular filtration was systematically deteriorating. The patient was reported for a pre-kidney transplant. After the first kidney transplant, the organ was rejected. The patient started a course of hemodialysis. After a year, another transplant was successfully performed.
Conclusions: Nursing care for a patient with chronic renal failure prepared for transplantation requires careful observation of the patient as well as skilful diagnosis and appropriate response to his problems.
Impact of different alcohol beverages on cardiovascular system
Authors: Wójcik Piotr , Maciej Sobczyk  , Słaboń Małgorzata , Chyćko Małgorzata , Więsyk Piotr , Rogowska Monika , Tomczyk Jan , Oleksa Paulina , Sobczyk Mateusz 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Alcohol is one of the most widely-used stimulants. It’s easily accessible, most socially accepted and usually not associated with potential harm it can do. Except for its addictive effect, it has a strong influence on humane systems. In this analysis the influence of alcohol on the cardiovascular system will be examined. As it is not obvious whether alcohol usage should be only associated with harmful impact on cardiac activity, different types of alcoholic beverages should be examined. In this work three different sub-groups will be analyzed. They were selected and divided by the beverage type and percentage as follows: beer, wine, high percentage liquors. As the majority of studies show, it’s important to underline the significance of not only the alcohol percentage implied, but mostly of the alcohol type. In favor of alcoholic beverages are only studies analyzing beverages containing low levels of alcohol, but abundant in other organic substances like resveratrol (in wine). Other studies considering other beverages, nonetheless of alcohol levels, diminishing effect on the cardiovascular (and other) systems is observed.
Material and methods: An analysis of scientific papers from Pubmed Google Scholar was performed, wchoch most accurately described the issue of diffrent type of alcohol bevereage on human health. The following keywords were used in search: alcohol, cardiovascular, wine, beer, spirits.
Purpose of the work: Aim of the following analysis is to systematize the knowledge based on latest research and findings about the impact of different alcohol beverages on cardiovascular system.
The insulinoma as a diagnostically and therapeutically challenging neoplasm
Authors: Oleksa Paulina , Sobczyk Mateusz , Wójcik Piotr , Żuraw Daria , Rogowska Monika , Słaboń Małgorzata 
Published: September 2021

Introduction and purpose
An insulinoma is the most common neuroendocrine tumor of a pancreas. This tumor produces insulin, which in excess causes hypoglycemic attacks, provoked by hunger or physical effort. Delays in diagnostic processes of the insulinoma are associated with the misattribution of symptoms to cardiac, psychiatric or neurological disorders. Thus, the suitable diagnostic procedures play a significant role as they ensure quick introduction of treatment. The purpose of this work is to evaluate advances in demanding diagnostically and therapeutically insulinoma.
A brief description of the state of knowledge
The used method was a literature review. The basic and the most common method of treating the insulinoma is a surgery. Due to this, finding precise location of the tumor preoperatively is crucial. In the diagnostics of the insulinoma both basic CT and MRI contrast enhanced and an endoscopic ultrasound, a selective arterial calcium stimulation test and the latest molecular imaging are used. In treatment process not only traditional surgical excisions were performed, but also laparoscopic and robotic surgeries turned out to be success.
Conclusions
Summing up, the insulinoma is a neoplasm with a wide range of therapeutic and diagnostic solutions, thanks to the progress that has been made in recent years. Although there are many difficulties on a diagnostic path of the insulinoma, new solutions and appropriate aproach make this process easier. Nevertheless, doctor’s diagnostic vigilance is essential, because consideration in the differential diagnosis the insulinoma is an essential step and without this step any further actions can be taken.
Obesity as an "infectious" disease
Authors: Żuraw Daria , Oleksa Paulina , Sobczyk Mateusz 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Obesity has been recognized as a global epidemic by the WHO, followed by a wealth of empirical evidence supporting its contagiousness. However, the dynamics of the spread of obesity between individuals are rarely studied. A distinguishing feature of the obesity epidemic is that it is driven by a process of social contagion that cannot be perfectly described by the infectious disease model. There is also social discrimination in the obesity epidemic. Social discrimination against obese people plays quite different roles in two cases: on the one hand, when obesity cannot be eliminated, social discrimination can reduce the number of obese people; on the other hand, when obesity is eradicable, social discrimination can cause it to explode.(1)

Materiał and methods: A literature analysis on obesity epidemic was carried out within the Pubmed, Google scholar and Research Gate platform. The following keywords were used in serach: obesity, epidemy, children, body max index.

Purpose of the work: The aim of the following analysis is to present an obesity as an infectious disease. The steadily increasing percentage of obese people, including children, shows that there is an obesity epidemic. This is the phenomenon of social contagion, which partially explains the concept of homophily, which involves the grouping of people with similar characteristics. Potential explanations are also provided by sharing a living environment with similar access to certain foods and similar opportunities for physical activity, which defines the occurrence of analogous health habits
OCENA STANU FUNKCJONALNEGO PACJENTÓW ZAKWALIFIKOWANYCH DO ZABIEGU ALLOPLASTYKI STAWU KOLANOWEGO.
Authors: Waldon Karol , Szczypiór-Piasecka Karina , Mińko Alicja , Antczak Krzysztof , Orłowska Aleksandra 
Published: September 2021

STRESZCZENIE
Wstęp: Choroba zwyrodnieniowa stawu kolanowego jest jedną z najczęstszych dolegliwości kończyny dolnej. Popularność przypadłości jest uzależniona od wieku, im pacjent starszy tym częściej i w większym stopniu występują zmiany zwyrodnieniowe. Dzięki możliwości współczesnej medycyny, choroby zwyrodnieniowe można leczyć w sposób nieinwazyjny oraz inwazyjny. W badaniu poruszony zostaje problem bólu i stanu funkcjonalnego stawu kolanowego.
Cele Pracy:

Ocena stanu funkcjonalnego i klinicznego pacjenta z chorobą zwyrodnieniową stawu kolanowego.
Określenie najczęstszych ograniczeń związanych z czynnościami dnia codziennego pacjentów zakwalifikowanych do alloplastyki stawu.
Wpływ bólu na stan funkcjonalny pacjentów z chorobą zwyrodnieniową stawu kolanowego.

Materiały i Metody: Badanie zostało przeprowadzone w Klinice Ortopedii, Traumatologii i Onkologii Narządu Ruchu. Wzięło w nim udział 49 osób zakwalifikowanych do operacji endoprotezoplastyki, 23 kobiet i 26 mężczyzn. Każdy pacjent został poddany badaniu podmiotowemu, które składało się z 9 pytań, oraz przedmiotowemu w, którym badana była funkcja zajętych chorobowo stawów.
Wyniki: Największe korelacje wystąpiły między bólem a siłą mięśniową. Zwiększone dolegliwości bólowe wpływają na obniżenie siły mięśniowej stawu kolanowego. Następną z kolei istotnie statystycznie zmienną była korelacja między zaawansowaniem zmiany zwyrodnieniowej a bólem. Stopień zaawansowania zmian zwyrodnieniowych istotnie statystycznie wpływał na ruchomość stawu.
Wnioski: 1.Dolegliwości bólowe wpływają na obniżenie siły mięśniowej stawu kolanowego.

Zaawansowany proces zwyrodnieniowy wpływa na ruchomość stawu.

3.Dolegliwości bólowe zwiększają się wraz z zaawansowaniem zmian zwyrodnieniowych.
Ocena stanu funkcjonalnego po zabiegu alloplastyki poresekcyjnej kości promieniowej w przebiegu leczenia guza olbrzymiokomórkowego za pomocą skal MSTS oraz DASH
Authors: Szczypiór-Piasecka Karina , Nowicka Sandra , Antczak Krzysztof , Mińko Alicja 
Published: September 2021

Wstęp: Częstość występowania guza olbrzymiokomórkowego kości promieniowej w części dystalnej, kwalifikuje się na trzecim miejscu. Jest bardzo podatny na wznowy miejscowe, które mogą pojawić się w ciągu 2-3 lat od przebytego leczenia. Guz olbrzymiokomórkowy prowadzi do destrukcji kości wraz z przejęciem otaczających go tkanek. Najczęściej do rozpoznania nowotworu dochodzi zbyt późno, ze względu na niecharakterystyczne objawy. Leczenie obejmuje chirurgiczne usunięcie guza oraz zastosowanie rekonstrukcji objętej zmiany lub wykonanie resekcji wraz z wypełnieniem ubytku kostnego. W przypadku, gdy nie jest możliwe zastosowanie operacji, lekarze zlecają leczenie za pomocą leku denosumab lub radioterapię.
Cele: 1) Ocena przydatności skal MSTS oraz DASH do badania stanu funkcjonalnego po zabiegu onko-ortopedycznym, 2) Charakterystyka leczenia guza olbrzymiokomórkowego i rehabilitacji po zabiegu rekonstrukcji kości promieniowej, 3) Opracowanie programu fizjoterapii po zabiegu alloplastyki poresekcyjnej kości promieniowej.
Materiał i metody: W pracy posłużono się danymi klinicznymi pacjenta leczonego w Klinice Ortopedii, Traumatologii i Onkologii Narządu Ruchu w Szczecinie. Pacjent przeszedł operację usunięcia guza olbrzymiokomórkowego części dalszej kości promieniowej wraz z zastosowaniem alloplastyki i rekonstrukcją stawu. Do oceny powrotu sprawności funkcjonalnej kończyny górnej, zastosowano skalę DASH i MSTS. Dane w obu skalach uzupełniane były przed oraz po operacji w 6,12,18 i 24 miesiącu.
Wyniki: Skala DASH i MSTS, znajdują swoje zastosowanie w ocenie stanu funkcjonalnego ręki po alloplastyce poresekcyjnej oraz stanowią dobry wyznacznik efektów przebytej rehabilitacji.
Wnioski: 1) Skale DASH i MSTS dobrze opisują stan funkcjonalny pacjentów na każdym etapie leczenia onko-ortopedycznego. 2) Rehabilitacja rozpoczęta w pierwszej dobie pooperacyjnej przyśpiesza proces leczenia i usprawniania po zabiegach rekonstrukcji kości.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in adiponectin and its receptors’ genes as potential risk factors for coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus – an up-to-date overview
Authors: Szydełko Joanna , Dąbrowska Izabela 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease with still growing incidence among adults and young people worldwide. Patients with T2DM are more susceptible to develop coronary artery disease (CAD) than non-diabetic individuals. Several pre-clinical and clinical studies suggested that adiponectin, a pleiotropic hormone with anti-atherogenic, anti-inflammatory, and insulin-sensitizing properties, may be a molecular link between metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
Aim of the study: This article summarizes the current knowledge on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the adiponectin and its receptors’ genes on the risk of CAD in patients with T2DM.
Description of knowledge: Adiponectin, the most abundant circulating adipocytokine, is encoded by the Acrp30/adiponectin gene on chromosome 3q27, which constitutes a region specific for obesity-related metabolic syndrome. A genetic deficit of this adipokine may be responsible for the increased risk of CAD both in the general population and T2DM subjects. The results of recent years’ studies highlight that SNPs at the adiponectin locus, +45 T>G and +276 G>T as well within its two receptors, are determinants of early onset atherosclerosis in individuals with T2DM.
Conclusions: SNPs in ADIPOQ, ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2 may modify the risk of CAD in the group of patients with T2DM. SNP +45 and SNP +276 seem to be attractive, molecular markers for identification of diabetic individuals at especially high risk of CAD. The discovering of their exact mechanisms may result in novel screening options as well as diagnostic process and treatment scheme. Therefore, further research is required to determine the effects of adiponectin and its receptors’ polymorphisms and their roles in the pathogenesis of obesity-related metabolic diseases.
Broadband adiabatic polarization rotator-splitter based on a lithium niobate on insulator platform
Authors: Chen Zhaoxi , Yang Jingwei , Wong Wing-Han , Pun Edwin Yue-Bun , Wang Cheng 
Published: September 2021

Polarization rotator-splitters (PRSs) are crucial components for controlling the polarization states of light in classical and quantum communication systems. We design and experimentally demonstrate a broadband PRS based on the lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) platform. Both the rotator and splitter sections are based on adiabatically tapered waveguide structures, and the whole device only requires a single etching step. We show efficient PRS operation over an experimentally measured bandwidth of 130 nm at telecom wavelengths, potentially as wide as 500 nm according to simulation prediction, with relatively low polarization crosstalks of

∼
−
10

dB

. Our PRS is highly compatible with the design constraints and fabrication processes of common LNOI photonic devices, and it could become an important element in future LNOI photonic integrated circuits.
Comparison of two-view versus single-view digital breast tomosynthesis and 2D-mammography in breast cancer surveillance imaging
Authors: Hadjipanteli Andria , Polyviou Petros , Kyriakopoulos Ilias , Genagritis Marios , Kotziamani Natasa , Moniatis Demetris , Papoutsou Anne , Constantinidou Anastasia 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
Limited work has been performed for the implementation of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) in breast cancer surveillance imaging. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences between two different DBT implementations in breast cancer surveillance imaging, for patients with a personal history of breast cancer.

Method
The DBT implementations investigated were: (1) 2-view 2D digital mammography and 2-view DBT (2vDM&2vDBT) (2) 1-view (cranial-caudal) DM and 1-view (mediolateral-oblique) DBT (1vDM&1vDBT). Clinical performance of these two implementations was assessed retrospectively using observer studies with 118 sets of real patient images, from a single imaging centre, and six observers. Sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve (AUC) using the Jack-knife alternative free-response receiver operating characteristics (JAFROC) analysis were evaluated.

Results
Results suggest that the two DBT implementations are not significantly different in terms of sensitivity, specificity and AUC. When looking at the two main different lesion types, non-calcifications and calcifications, and two different density levels, no difference in the performance of the two DBT implementations was found.

Conclusions
Since 1vDM&1vDBT exposes the patient to half the dose of 2vDM&2vDBT, it might be worth considering 1vDM&1vDBT in breast cancer surveillance imaging. However, larger studies are required to conclude on this matter.