bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forensic characteristics of fissures as valuable morphological signs to detect mechanogenesis of fractures of long bones in the lower limbs
Authors: Savka Ivan 
Published: December 2021

The objective of our work is to study regularities of formation and spread of cracks of long bone diaphysis in the lower limbs for more profound understanding of biomechanics of fractures. The material of the study was 128 cases with injuries of the femoral, tibia and fibula bones. The data obtained were statistically processed by means of multifactor analysis of variance (MANOVA). Different kinds of cracks were found to possess their own signs by the number and direction reflecting mechanics of fractures of the examined bones. The value of deviation angle of wedge-shaped cracks was found to be of a special diagnostic importance. Detected regularities can be used in forensic medicine practical work in case of retrospective renewal of conditions and circumstances of getting injuries.
Objective: to formulate new regularities in the process of formation and spread of diaphysis cracks of long tubular bones in the lower limbs for more comprehensive understanding of biomechanics of their fractures.
Materials and methods. The material of the study was based on the expert investigations including 82 persons with 128 injuries of the lower limbs: femoral bones – 40 cases, tibia – 46 cases, fibula – 42 cases. The data obtained were statistically processed by means of multifactor analysis of variance (MANOVA).
Conclusions:

Different kinds of cracks have their own signs by the number and direction reflecting mechanics of fracture of certain portions in the long tubular bones of the

lower limb.

Cracks in the rupture area are of more importance to detect the mechanism of The value of deviation angle of wedge- shaped cracks is of a special diagnostic importance.

Prospects of further studies. Prospects of further studies assume computed multi-dimensional visualization of crack characteristics of different bones of the human skeleton.
The comparative analysis of suicides in Plovdiv oblast (Bulgaria) and in Khmelnytskyi oblast (Ukraine) and social and economic problems of suicides
Authors: Baltov Maryn , Kozytska Nataliia , Havadza Roman 
Published: December 2021

Suicide is an important social problem of modern society. Every year in the world from 800 000 to one million people commit suicide. Suicides occur every 40 seconds. Suicide is the 15th cause of death in the world. The committing of suicides by people is in close connection with the social and economic problems of society. With the intensification of integration processes and the weakening of social ties, a person feels lonely and unprotected in a social environment, he/she is unable to solve problems of a different nature and is under constant stress. The World Health Organization emphasizes the suicide problem and raises the issue of its solution.
The purpose of the study is to compare suicide cases in two countries, which, in our opinion, earlier developed similarly and had much in common, but they appeared on the path of democracy at different rates and methods; to analyze some social aspects of suicides and their correlation with economic indicators, such as gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and unemployment rate.
CONCLUSIONS

During the period from 2006 to 2015 in Khmelnytskyi oblast suicides were committed twice more than in t Plovdiv oblast.
The dynamics of suicides in the Plovdiv oblast is unstable, in its turn, in Khmelnytskyi oblast there is basically a similar number of cases.
When assessing suicides in age categories, a similar pattern is observed in the age groups from 0 to 18 years old and from 44 to 65 years old, with a difference in age groups of 19-43 years old with an increase in cases in Khmelnytskyi oblast and a group of over 65 years old with an increase in cases in Plovdiv In our opinion, this may be due to the economic development of the country, the young people’s inability to realize themselves and the different worldviews and difficulties in adapting to life for the elderly.
The same picture is observed in the study of suicides committed by men and Men both in Plovdiv oblast and in Khmelnytskyi oblast commit the majority of suicides. It can be concluded that men are more prone to suicide. In our opinion, this is due to the inability to support the family, due to the abuse of alcohol and drugs and due to the inability to overcome the existing obstacles.
There is a link between the level of economic development of the country and the rate of suicide deaths. The level of living in Bulgaria is twice higher (in terms of GDP) than in Ukraine and the mortality rate is twice lower.
Asphyxiation by inhaling the inert gas helium inside a plastic bag
Authors: Shilan Volodymyr , Shilan Cyril , Shalniev Oleksii 
Published: December 2021

А case of death from asphyxiation by inhaling the inert gas helium inside a plastic bag placed over the head.
Findings and discussion. In our practice, we had a case of post-mortem examination of a 22 y.o. male. As it is known from the circumstances of the case, the mail corpse was found in a forest belt area, with his head inside a black plastic bag tight-fitted around his neck with a band. In the bag, there were two plastic tubes – one of them was placed obliquely at the level of right anterior surface of neck and was fixed to the neck with transparent adhesive tape. The other end of tube was connected to the outlet of a valve on a cylinder of brown color superscribed «HELIUM». The valve of a cylinder was opened. The other tube is located on the left side of the neck, with a rubber ball attached to the exposed end.
On post-mortem examination, we found the following: face – pale, not congested, w/o petechiation; livor mortis – generalized dark purple discoloration of the skin. Findings on internal examination: congestion of internal organs; dark-red liquid blood inside the cardiac cavity and larger vessels; hemicardiadextra, SVC and IVC overfilled with blood. No hemorrhages under epicardium and pleura.
Findings during microscopic examination of internal organs: Heart: lack of arterial blood, venous congestion. Albuminous degeneration of cardiomyocytes. Interstitial edema. Areas of dystelectasis, acute vesicular emphysema. Pulmonary congestion.
Liver: irregular blood filling of tissue. Albuminous degeneration, destruction of hepatocellular cytoplasm. Interstitial edema. Kidney: cortical ischemia, congestion of straight venules. Albuminous degeneration in nephrothelium of convoluted tubules. Interstitial edema. Brain: irregular blood filling of cerebral vessels. In pia mater: edema&focal infiltrates of fresh RBCs. Focal voids surrounding the vessels and neurons. Ischemic degeneration of neurons. Red blood cells accumulations in the enlarged paravasal spaces. Suprarenal gland: irregular venous congestion of tissue; occasional thinning of adrenal cortex. Pancreatic gland: lack of arterial blood, venous congestion. Spleen: irregular blood filling of tissue. Decision: morphological signs of acute death. Pulmonary edema. Forensic toxicology test results: methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, butyl, isoamyl alcohol; barbiturates; opium alkaloids – morphine, codeine and their synthetic analogues; phenothiazine, benzodiazepine derivatives; ephedrine, ephedrone – have not been identified.
Conclusion: As can be seen from the above, the results of forensic examination of corpse, forensic toxicology and forensic histology tests, with account being taken of circumstances and scene investigation details, allowed suggesting that the possible cause of death was the asphyxiation by inhaling the inert gas helium inside a plastic bag placed over the head.
The effect of ethyl alcohol on accuracy of time since death estimation using laser poliarimetric methods of cerebrospinal liquid polyristallic films investigation
Authors: Garazdiuk Marta , Bachynskyi Viktor , Lebedintseva Iryna , Garazdiuk Oleksandr , Andriichuk Andrii 
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes the possibility of using laser polarimetry methods to determine the possible influence of ethyl alcohol in the body of the deceased on the change in the structure of the polycrystalline films of the cerebrospinal fluid. The efficiency of usage laser polarimetry methods (determination of complex degree of mutual polarization and autofluorescence of polycrystalline films of cerebrospinal fluid) have been proved.
Relationships between the distribution of the intensity of the fluorescence of polycrystalline films of the cerebrospinal fluid of the cadavers as a result of cardiovascular pathology in the presence and absence of ethyl alcohol in the organism and the values and ranges of the change of statistical moments of the 1st - 4th orders that characterize such autofluorescence images are investigated. A good level of balanced differentiation of the presence of ethyl alcohol in the human body in the «green-yellow» and «red» sections of the spectrum has been achieved. There is a statistically significant difference between cases of death from cardiovascular disease in the presence and absence of ethyl alcohol in an organism by determining the magnitude of the statistical moment of the 4th order, which characterizes the distributions of the azimuth magnitude of the polarization of microscopic images of laser-induced fluorescence.
On this basis, an excellent balanced accuracy of the differentiation of the presence of ethyl alcohol in the human body (Ac (M4) = 94%) has been achieved. Consequently, ethyl alcohol affects the structure of polycrystalline films of cerebrospinal fluid, which should be taken into account when time since death estimated using methods of laser polarimetry.
Acceptability and Willingness to Pay for Influenza Vaccination among Healthcare Professionals in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Trang Thi Thu , Kasemsup Vijj , Tiraphat Sariyamon , Srithamrongsawat Samrit , Chuakhamfoo Nalinee Nakittipha 
Published: December 2021

Background: While Vietnam’s Expanded Program on Immunization does not cover influenza vaccines, people must pay out-of-pocket for influenza vaccination. Healthcare professionals have a high risk of contracting influenza, but their vaccination rate is low.
Objective: To examine the willingness to pay (WTP) for influenza vaccination among healthcare professionals in Vietnam. It also recommends financing sources for influenza vaccination among healthcare professionals and determines possible measures to expand vaccine coverage.
Method: We interviewed 130 healthcare professionals in a national hospital in Hanoi in July 2021. We used Andersen’s behavioral Model (ABM) as an initial approach. The double-bounded dichotomous-choice questions were used to determine WTP for influenza vaccination among the target group. Collected responses were coded and analysed through IBM SPSS version 20 for descriptive, chi-square analyses.
Results: Most of the healthcare professionals who responded to this study were female with 75.4 % of the total 130 respondents. The mean age of participants was 34.08 years old. The average maximum WTP for influenza vaccination services was 357.57 VND (USD 15.3). Most of the participants reported that individuals should pay a part of the cost, and four-fifths reported they believed that the government and medical insurance should subsidize the service (80.8 % and 85.4 %). The Chi-square test showed that there was a significant association between perceived severity and history of influenza vaccination with the WTP, X2(1, N=130) = 4.18, p = 0.04 and X2 (1, N=130) = 7.81, p = 0.005, respectively.
Conclusion: The WTP for influenza vaccination among healthcare professionals was found relatively high. Suggesting that price is not a primary barrier. The government and medical insurance were believed to be the potential agencies for improving vaccination uptake as these agencies were expected to be the subsidized actors. Other health interventions such as influenza literacy and communication methods are also needed to expand vaccine coverage.
(*The paper was presented at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University’s College of Professional and Continuing Education (CPCE) Conference “Post-pandemic health and long-term care: A new paradigm”. September 2021)
Review on Power Distribution Techniques in System Comprising of BESS
Authors: Gupta Ajay Kumar , Bansal Jyoti 
Published: December 2021

With regard to electrical energy sector, budgetary factors, power must be utilized as soon as possible once it is generated. Since storing large amounts of electrical energy is prohibitively expensive. Consequently, as energy storage substance have become mostly accessible, evenly distributed production is becoming more workable, especially with the Smart Grid concept. Distributed ESS (Energy Storage Systems) are gaining popularity. There is a diverse category of ESS namely, battery, thermal, mechanical, hydrogen and so on. But this paper investigates about the techniques used in Battery energy systems by several researchers to stabilize energy output and usage, these systems supplement variable renewable sources such as wind, tidal, and solar power.
A Comprehensive Analysis of DSTATCOM-Based Power Improvement
Authors: Suryawanshi Vidhyavati , Gupta Dr. Surbhi 
Published: December 2021

Power quality became one of the most critical challenges in today’s modern power system. Utmost primary factors of power quality issues are non-linear fluctuating loads, system interruption, load variances, infrequent loads, and arc furnaces. As a matter of fact, there is occurrence of various electrical distortions, along with voltage spikes, voltage sags, and so forth. Several innovative techniques were employed for the development of circuits which resulted in minimised voltage stability as well as reliability. Utility companies which are electrical are receiving a large quantity of complaints because of these challenges. An approach is required now to explore the power quality challenges in industrial sector, corporate sector, municipal, or domestic sites. Therefore, a few techniques known as Flexible AC transmission system (FACTs) are used to enhance power quality. It is divided into two categories: namely series-FACTs and shunt-FACTS. As name itself define its architecture that in series-FACTS comprised of transmission line which is connected in series with module and connected in parallel in shun-FACTs. We can alleviate the problems related to power quality with the help of these FACTS devices. D-STATCOM is one of the better devices available. D-STATCOM is a shunt-connected solid-state device employed at the distribution network to maintain load-side disturbances. It has exceeded the traditional capacitor being used improve power quality with it's lower upfront investment, outstanding dynamics, absence of static, and lower operational expenses. The sorts, architectural style, operating, control systems, and AI are all described in this article.
Moler, Emilce (2020). La larga noche de los lápices. Relatos de una sobreviviente. Buenos Aires: Marea editorial. 240 págs.
Authors: Gronchi Matías F. 
Published: December 2021

Aparecido en agosto de 2020, La larga noche de los lápices, relatos de una sobreviviente constituye el primer libro de Emilce Moler publicado por la editorial Marea. Repartido en 28 capítulos cortos el texto propone el relato autobiográfico de un pasado que ha sido narrado en numerosas oportunidades a través de testimonios, actos y entrevistas. La escritura como recurso aporta un nuevo soporte que, como señala la autora, se distancia del nerviosismo de los micrófonos y las multitudes para dar lugar a la pausa, a la reflexión y a los recuerdos que son compartidos con sus lectores y lectoras.
Development of English Legal Positivism from Bentham to Salmond and Brown: Leading Ideas in the Context of the Common Law Tradition
Authors: MIKHAILOV Anton , BESPALKO Viktor , KORZHENYAK Anastasia 
Published: December 2021

This article examines the peculiarities of the evolution of English legal positivism, which was the only direction of understanding law formed by professional lawyers, expressing the specifics of their legal consciousness, focused on understanding positive law and the practice of its implementation. The authors examine the key concepts that define the historical trajectory and problem field of legal positivism in the Anglo-American tradition, analyzing the legal teachings of T. Hobbes, D. Hume, J. Bentham, J. Austin, M. Hale, W. Blackstone, J. W. Salmond and W. J. Brown. The attention is drawn to the fact that Salmond lays down objections to the concept of law as a rule of the state and considers its main shortcomings. In his work “Jurisprudence or the Theory of Law”, Salmond presents the flaws and omissions of the “imperative theory of law”, among the proponents of which he names T. Hobbes, S. von Pufendorf, J. Bentham and J. Austin. Brown believes that the essence of law can be expressed by a set of three concepts: “will”, “command” and “reason”, and the just conception of law implies recognition of the elements of unity, growth and growth that is consciously directed towards the realization and achievement of the goal.
Intercultural dialogues in times of global pandemics: The Confucian ethics of relations and social organization in Sinic societies
Authors: Rošker Jana S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Since COVID-19 is a global-scale pandemic, it can only be solved on the global level. In this context, intercultural dialogues are of utmost importance. Indeed, different models of traditional ethics might be of assistance in constructing a new, global ethics that could help us confront the present predicament and prepare for other possible global crises that might await us in the future. The explosive, pandemic spread of COVID-19 in 2020 clearly demonstrated that in general, one of the most effective tools for containment of the epidemics is precisely human and interpersonal solidarity, which must also be accompanied by a certain degree of autonomous self-discipline. The present paper follows the presumption that these types of personal and interpersonal attitudes are—inter alia— culturally conditioned and hence influenced by different traditional models of social ethics. In light of the fact that East-Asian or Sinic societies were more successful and effective in the process of containing and eliminating the virus compared to the strategies of the Euro-American regions, I will first question the widespread assumption that this effectiveness is linked to the authoritarian political traditions of the Sinic East and Southeast Asian areas. Then, I will critically introduce the Confucian ethics of relations, which in various ways has influenced the social structures of these regions, and clarify the question of whether and in which way the relics of this ethics had an actual effect on the crisis resolution measurements. The crucial aim of this paper is to contribute to the construction of theoretical groundworks for a new, transculturally grounded global ethics, which is more needed today than ever before.
Pandemic challenges and models of democracy
Authors: Koczanowicz Leszek 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article examines the impact of a pandemic on democratic societies. The central research question is the extent to which a pandemic can alter the trajectory of social and ethical democratic development nationally and internationally. Therefore, the article examines contemporary controversies in democratic society in the aftermath of a pandemic. The leading hypothesis is that the pandemic should reinforce the need for social solidarity, but it is unclear what political form this need will take: populism or deliberative/nonconsensual democracy.
Wear Resistance Improvement of Linear Block-Polyurethanes Under Conditions of Liquid Friction
Authors: Panda Anton , Anisimov Volodymyr M. , Anisimov Volodymyr V. , Dyadyura Konstantin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A significant disadvantage of parts made of linear block polyurethanes under conditions of friction contact in the presence of an aqueous medium is the intensification of hydrolysis processes and decrease in volume strength. It was proposed to slow down the hydrolysis of polyurethanes in three ways: by directed changes in chemical structure, by electromagnetic radiation of different intensities and by creation of composite materials, based on the principle of additional intermolecular crosslinking at the manufacturing and hot processing stages. The conditions for the formation of a smooth wear-resistant surface that protects the material from rapid destruction are revealed.
Caracteres da experiência
Authors: Barata Andre 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The discrimination between two points of view, or perspectives, in respect to consciousness, one on the first-person other on the third-person, deals with two concepts of consciousness- respectively, phenomenal consciousness and intentional consciousness (sections 1 and 2). I will accept, generally, this idea. However, I will argue that are not two, but three kinds of consciousness and typ of experience, making my point introducing the concept of different characters of experience (section 3). These characters are ‘experience’, ‘signification’ and ‘reference/object’, and when all of them occur I say that we have an intentional experience. If it lacks the last one, we have a meaningful experience, but without reference. Finally, if the only occurrence is ‘experience’, then the type of experience we live is a meaningless or mute experience. This ‘taxonomy’ allows classifying a perceptum as an intentional experience, a quale as a meaningful experience and a sense datum as a mute experience. On the other hand, it represents, as I claim, an approach much more clear, than those usually appears, to the question ‘what qualia really are? ‘ (sections 4 e 5). Moreover: it makes possible talk about objectivity of qualia, an objectivity without object (section 6).
Specific Carbohydrate Diet (SCD/GAPS) and Dietary Supplements for Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Ābele Silvija , Meija Laila , Folkmanis Valdis , Tzivian Lilian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe objective of the study was to investigate the potential of a specific carbohydrate diet and selected dietary supplements in reducing some autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms in children. This was a quantitative, non-blinded, non-randomised three-month pilot study of a dietary and nutritional intervention. The study participants were 17 children from Latvia and the United Kingdom with a diagnosis of ASD or autistic symptoms waiting to be diagnosed (intervention group n = 10, control group n = 7). The intervention group received a specific carbohydrate dietary plan — Specific Carbohydrate Diet / Gut and Psychology Syndrome diet (SCD/GAPS) — and a few dietary supplements (omega-3 essential fatty acids, ascorbyl-palmitate, probiotics, vitamin D, and vitamin C). Family compliance to the dietary guidelines was 40–80%. Autistic and digestive symptoms were evaluated by parents using validated questionnaires. By the end of the study, gastrointestinal symptoms decreased in both groups (p= 0.01 for the intervention group,p= 0.02 for the control group), especially abdominal pain and bloating. The Overall Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC) score decreased by 23% in the intervention group (p= 0.05), with the largest improvement in Socialising (p= 0.03) and Health/Behaviour (p= 0.02) aspects. The Aberrant Behaviour Checklist (ABC) score decreased by 29% in the intervention group (p= 0.01), with the largest improvement in Irritability (p< 0.01) and Hyperactivity (p= 0.02) subcategories. Overall Parent Global Impressions — Revised-2 (PGI-2) evaluation showed a 43% improvement in the intervention group in comparison to 14% in the control group,p= 0.02. The specific carbohydrate diet (SCD/GAPS) and supplements were found to be a safe and effective approach for reducing some symptoms of ASD in children.