bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the geomorphic channel response to beaver dam analog installation using unoccupied aerial vehicles
Authors: Davis Julianne , Lautz Laura , Kelleher Christa , Vidon Philippe , Russoniello Christopher , Pearce Casey 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBeaver dam analogs (BDAs) are a stream restoration technique that is rapidly gaining popularity in the western United States. These low‐cost, stream‐spanning structures, designed after natural beaver dams, are being installed to confer the ecologic, hydrologic, and geomorphic benefits of beaver dams in streams that are often too degraded to provide suitable beaver habitat. BDAs are intended to slow streamflow, reduce the erosive power of the stream, and promote aggradation, making them attractive restoration tools in incised channels. Despite increasing adoption of BDAs, few studies to date have monitored the impacts of BDAs on channel form. Here, we examine the geomorphic changes that occurred within the first year of restoration efforts in Wyoming using high‐resolution visible light orthomosaics and elevation data collected with unoccupied aerial vehicles (UAVs). By leveraging the advantages of rapidly acquired images from UAV surveys with recent advancements in structure‐from‐motion photogrammetry, we constructed centimeter‐scale digital elevation models (DEMs) of the restoration reach and an upstream control reach. Through DEM differencing, we identified areas of enhanced erosion and deposition near the BDAs, suggesting BDA installation initiated a unique geomorphic response in the channel. Both reaches were characterized by net erosion during the first year of restoration efforts. While erosion around the BDAs may seem counter to the long‐term goal of BDA‐induced aggradation, short‐term net erosion is consistent with high precipitation during the study and with theoretical channel evolution models of beaver‐related stream restoration that predict initial channel widening and erosion before net deposition. To better understand the impacts of BDAs on channel morphology and restoration efforts in the western United States, it is imperative that we consistently assess the effects of beaver‐inspired restoration projects across a range of hydrologic and geomorphic settings and that we continue this monitoring in the future.
Giving birth during a pandemic: From elation to psychopathology
Authors: Puertas‐Gonzalez Jose A. , Mariño‐Narvaez Carolina , Romero‐Gonzalez Borja , Peralta‐Ramirez Maria Isabel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the postpartum psychopathological symptoms of women who gave birth before the pandemic with those who gave birth during the pandemic.MethodsA total of 212 women participated in the study, of which 96 gave birth before the pandemic and 116 during the pandemic. Psychopathological symptoms, postpartum depression, perceived stress, and resilience were evaluated.ResultsWomen who gave birth during the pandemic had higher scores on somatization, obsessions and compulsions, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, and psychoticism. In addition, perceived stress was the common predictor of an increase in these symptoms.ConclusionPostpartum is a complicated period in a woman's life. Many psychological adaptations take place and women may be subject to psychological alterations during this period. In addition, women who gave birth during the COVID‐19 crisis may show greater psychological vulnerability, due to the specific situation experienced during the pandemic. The COVID‐19 pandemic may have played a role in the increase in psychopathological symptoms after childbirth. Detecting possible symptoms postpartum plays a crucial role, because it allows intervening and preventing the development of psychopathologies.
Automatic lumen segmentation using uniqueness of vascular connected region for intravascular optical coherence tomography
Authors: Zhu Fengyu , Ding Zhenyang , Tao Kuiyuan , Li Qingrui , Kuang Hao , Tian Feng , Zhou Shanshan , Hua Peidong , Hu Jingqi , Shang Mingjian , Yu Yin , Liu Tiegen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe present an automatic lumen segmentation method using uniqueness of connected region for intravascular optical coherence tomography (IVOCT), which can effectively remove the effect on lumen segmentation caused by blood artifacts. Utilizing the uniqueness of vascular wall on A‐lines, we detect the A‐lines shared by multiple connected regions, identify connected regions generated by blood artifacts using traversal comparison of connected regions' location, shared ratio and area ratio and then remove all artifacts. We compare these three methods by 216 challenging images with severe blood artifacts selected from clinical 1076 IVOCT images. The metrics of the proposed method are evaluated including Dice index, Jaccard index and accuracy of 94.57%, 90.12%, 98.02%. Compared with automatic lumen segmentation based on the previous morphological feature method and widely used dynamic programming method, the metrics of the proposed method are significantly enhanced, especially in challenging images with severe blood artifacts.
Enhanced corrosion resistance and reduced cytotoxicity of the AZ91 Mg alloy by plasma nitriding and a hierarchical structure composed of ciprofloxacin‐loaded polymeric multilayers and calcium phosphate coating
Authors: Shanaghi Ali , Mehrjou Babak , Chu Paul K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMuch effort has made to lessen the cytotoxicity and enhance the corrosion resistance of biodegradable magnesium alloys, for example, by depositing multilayered polymeric coatings containing hydroxyapatite. In this work, a hierarchical structure composed of ciprofloxacin (Cip)‐loaded on polyacrylic acid (PAA) and poly (ethyleneimine) (PEI) as biocompatible polymeric multilayers and calcium phosphate coating as the top layer is formed by the sol–gel method on the AZ91 Mg alloy with an intermediate layer formed by nitrogen plasma immersion ion implantation. The thicknesses of the multilayered coating and nitrided layer (Mg3N2) are 10 μm and 140 nm, respectively. The corrosion current density decreases by 95.6% and the corrosion potential in the polarization curve shifts to the positive direction by 23%. The passivation process which occurs at defects by deposition of corrosion products mitigates both galvanic and localized corrosion. Slight increase in the contact angle and surface free energy, enhanced corrosion resistance, and reduced cytotoxicity are observed from the multilayered structure. The better corrosion resistance enables better control of release of Cip. Biological assessment indicates that the antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli is improved by 100% after culturing for 24 hr and the cell viability and noncytotoxic behavior of the coated AZ91 are enhanced as well. The corrosion behavior and biological results suggest that the strategy of using a hierarchical structure composed of Cip‐loaded polymeric multilayers in conjunction with an intermediate plasma nitrided layer has large potential in the development of biodegradable orthopedic implants made of Mg alloys.
Synthesis of AgNPs functionalized CuMOF/PPy–rGO nanocomposite and its use as an electrochemical sensor for metronidazole determination
Authors: Saedi Hamide , Fat'hi Mohammad Reza , Zargar Behrooz 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this research, a simple and sensitive electrochemical technique based on using nanocomposite of (AgNP/CuMOF/PPy–rGO) modified carbon paste electrode for determination of metronidazole (MTZ) is described. Polypyrrole (PPy) hemispherical molecules coated reduced graphene oxide (PPy–rGO) was combined with CuMOF, a typical metal–organic framework, by hydrothermal method. AgNP/CuMOF/PPy–rGO was simply fabricated by creating AgNP inside and on the surface of the nanocomposite. The composition and morphology of the synthesized nanocomposite were investigated by SEM, FT‐IR, EDX, and XRD. Cyclic voltammetry and ASSWV were utilized to determine the electrocatalytic activity of the sensor regarding the reduction of MTZ. Interestingly, some outstanding properties of the nanocomposite including high surface area of CuMOF, good conductivity of PPy–rGO, and the catalytic activity of AgNPs could result in the enhancement of the electron transfer rate, electrochemical behavior, and the reduction of peak currents at the surface of the proposed sensor. Sensitive, promising, and stable electrochemical sensor exhibited linear detection range of 0.08–160 μM at pH 5.0 with detection and limit of 24 nM (S/N = 3). The system was validated for precision with standard deviation less than 2.0%. Moreover, its feasibility was successfully assessed through analysis of tablet and human urine.
Extrapolation of Efficacy and Dose Selection in Pediatrics: A Case Example of Atypical Antipsychotics in Adolescents With Schizophrenia and Bipolar I Disorder
Authors: Kalaria Shamir N. , Farchione Tiffany R. , Uppoor Ramana , Mehta Mehul , Wang Yaning , Zhu Hao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPediatric labeling information for novel atypical antipsychotics can be significantly delayed as the result of time lag between initial drug approval in adults and the completion of pediatric clinical trials. This delay can lead health care providers to rely on limited evidence‐based literature to make critical therapeutic decisions for pediatric patients. Effective and scientifically justified dosing recommendations are needed to improve treatment outcomes in pediatric patients with schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder. Extrapolation‐based drug development strategies rely on leveraging prior data to reduce evidentiary requirements for newer data in establishing drug efficacy. On January 13, 2020, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released a general advice letter to sponsors highlighting the acceptance of extrapolating efficacy of atypical antipsychotics to pediatric patients. This review provides insight into the FDA's justification for extrapolating efficacy from adult to pediatric patients and provides a rationale for dose selection in pediatric patients with schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder.
From chemostats to high‐density perfusion: the progression of continuous mammalian cell cultivation
Authors: Wong H. Edward , Chen Chun , Le Huong , Goudar Chetan T. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractContinuous cultivation of mammalian cells originated in chemostats in the 1950s and, through a series of technological advancements, has evolved into modern‐day high‐density perfusion processes with volumetric productivities >5 g L–1 day–1over extended cultivation periods. With appropriate process development, these productivities can be achieved with no adverse impact on cell line stability and product quality. Developments in downstream processing and automation have enabled the integration of drug substance manufacturing processes suitable for next‐generation plants that require lower capital deployment, with the potential for rapid construction and validation for clinical and commercial production. Perfusion also has been successfully used to generate high‐density cell banks (> 50 × 106cells mL–1) and for seed‐train optimization. They have resulted in significant productivity increases (10‐fold increase in volumetric productivity) from fed‐batch bioreactors by providing a high‐density seeding culture that elevates the inoculation density in a production bioreactor (> 5 × 106cells mL–1). Related advancements in cell culture medium formulations and cell line performance typically are independent of bioreactor format and have broad applicability for biotherapeutic manufacturing. The last decade has seen renewed interest in high‐density perfusion cultures and technological advances spanning the entire space of drug substance manufacturing – from cell line development to the final purification step. Continually evolving, these new technologies now are being introduced into clinical and commercial manufacturing. We anticipate that the general principles and knowledge gleaned from process intensification will extend well beyond classical perfusion cultivation and into all aspects of mammalian cell culture. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Sonographic diagnosis of appendicitis: A pictorial essay and a new diagnostic maneuver
Authors: Kadasne Ravi , Sabih Durr ‐e‐ , Puri Gunjan , Sabih Quratulain 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhile many cases of appendicitis are easy to diagnose clinically, a significant number need further workup in the form of imaging. Ultrasound and CT are both used extensively to diagnose or exclude appendicitis, or arrive at an alternate diagnosis. Ultrasound has many advantages but can be a difficult modality to use due to, among other reasons, the anatomical variations in appendicial location. The true retrocolic appendix is particularly difficult to diagnose with ultrasound. This pictorial essay examines the ultrasound features of normal and diseased appendix and proposes a new examining station, the prone view, for visualizing true retrocolic appendicitis.
The ontogeny of personality: Repeatability of social and escape behaviors across developmental stages in Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus)
Authors: Adaniya Catherine H. , Wellman Cara L. , Demas Gregory E. , Cusick Jessica A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAnimal personality is defined as behavioral tendencies that are consistent across time and contexts within an individual, but differ across individuals. Studies investigating personality typically examine individuals across short time periods or within a single life stage. Growing evidence suggests that personality may be less stable across life stages, highlighting the need to consider the effects of ontogeny on the expression of consistent behavioral traits. We investigated individual consistency in social and escape behaviors across developmental stages using Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus). To determine whether individuals were consistent in these behaviors as juveniles and across developmental stages, we measured male and female social and escape behaviors twice as juveniles and once as adults. Individuals' social scores were significantly repeatable within the juvenile stage, but not across developmental stages. In contrast, escape scores were highly repeatable across developmental stages, with males' scores being more repeatable than females' scores. Our results support previous findings that personality traits, especially those associated with social behavior, are less stable across development, whereas behaviors associated with stress or coping may represent a more permanent feature of an individual's phenotype. Our results also indicate potential sex differences in long‐term repeatability of personality. Considering how ontogeny affects animal personality for males and females can provide insight into the evolution and mechanisms that maintain animal personality.
The behavior of Gammarus aequicauda (crustacea, amphipoda) during predation on chironomid larvae: Sex differences and changes in precopulatory mate‐guarding state
Authors: Shadrin Nickolai , Yakovenko Vladimir , Anufriieva Elena 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe foraging behavior determines the diet size influencing the growth and reproduction of a predator and its prey populations. Amphipods play a key role in various aquatic ecosystems. Gammarus aequicauda is an abundant widespread omnivorous species and the only known amphipod species of hypersaline waters. Its predation can suppress the populations of planktonic and benthic invertebrates. Males of G. aequicauda actively eat chironomid larvae but there is no data on predatory females. Experiments were conducted to study sex‐related differences in feeding behavior including during precopulatory mate guarding (PCMG). There were significant sex differences in feeding characteristics. For females, calculations showed that maximum consumption could be 3–4 chironomid larvae per day and for males about 9–10 larvae per day. During PCMG, males did not feed and females fed as efficiently as single females. Males transported females and alone carrying the energetic costs of swimming during PCMG. Less expenditure of energy on swimming means more energy for reproduction for females. This allows more energy‐efficient use of food resources and increases the reproductive success of the population. There are currently two alternative views on PCMG among crustaceans. 1. It is a sexual conflict between males and females serving as a male adaptive strategy to achieve a female during strong male competition, while females bear many costs during the long guarding period. 2. There is also the opposite view that pairs get energetic benefits from long PCMG. Obtained data suggest that PCMG is likely to be intersexual cooperation and not intersexual conflict.
STAT5 promotes chronic pancreatitis by enhancing GM-CSF-dependent neutrophil augmentation
Authors: Lin Yuli , Chen Yusheng , Feng Wenxue , Zhang Junfeng , Hua Rong , Yin Bo , Yang Xuguang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractChronic pancreatitis (CP) is a continuing or relapsing inflammatory disease of the pancreas, characterized by fibrosis of the whole tissue. The regulatory mechanisms of the immune microenvironment in the pathogenesis of CP are still not clear. Immune cells, especially myeloid cells, play an important role in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of immune infiltration has a significant impact on CP intervention. Here, we demonstrated that transcription factor STAT5 was involved in and critical for the progression of CP. Inflammatory stress could significantly increase the expression and activation of STAT5 during CP. STAT5 deficiency or inhibition contributed to alleviating pancreatic inflammation and fibrosis in CP mice. The increased neutrophil infiltration, mediated by up-regulated GM-CSF, was responsible for the pancreatitis-promoting activity of STAT5. Our investigation highlighted the importance of STAT5 in regulating the immune microenvironment of CP. Targeting STAT5 may hold distinct promise for clinical treatment to alleviate CP.
Long‐term monitoring of the development and extinction of IgA and IgG responses to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Ivanov Andrei , Semenova Elena 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDespite the great interest of the scientific community in the behavior of the human body after contact with the new coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), long‐term (more than 6 months) monitoring of the immunological status of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) having varying severity degrees and of the people with a low SARS‐CoV‐2 viral load is practically absent. The aim of this study is a 9‐month monitoring of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection immune response development and extinction using quantitative assessment of IgA and IgG levels in the blood of healthy donors living in the context of the coronavirus pandemic and of the patients who have undergone COVID‐19. The project involved 180 volunteers, of whom 51 persons (28.33%) fell ill with COVID‐19 during the observation period. All people who underwent COVID‐19 developed a stable humoral immune response but their individual immune status had a number of features. Approximately 39.22% (20 of 51 people) of project participants diagnosed with COVID‐19 showed an unusual change in plasma anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgA levels. Relatively high levels of IgA (ratio ~ 3) after recovery persisted for a long time (more than 6 months). In one‐third (17 of 51 people) of patients with COVID‐19, the IgA level exceeded the IgG level. IgA antibodies appeared earlier and showed a stronger and more robust response to the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus than IgG. Increased levels of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgA (ratio from 0.8 to 2.36) throughout the observation period were recorded in 28 of 180 project participants (15.56%) of whom only one person fell ill with COVID‐19.
A prospective randomized double‐blind clinical trial to assess the effects of leukocyte‐reduced platelet‐rich plasma on pro‐inflammatory, degradative, and anabolic biomarkers after closed pilon fractures
Authors: Zitsch Bradford P. , James Christopher R. , Crist Brett D. , Stoker Aaron M. , Della Rocca Gregory J. , Cook James L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPosttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) significantly affects patients with pilon fractures even after adequate anatomical reduction, and treatment strategies targeting the biologic mediators of PTOA are needed. This study was designed to determine the effects of intra‐articular injection of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) on synovial fluid (SF) biomarkers for patients undergoing open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of pilon fractures. Patients undergoing staged management of pilon fractures were enrolled in a prospective, double‐blinded, randomized, and placebo‐controlled clinical trial to determine the effects of a single intra‐articular injection of leukocyte‐reduced PRP on SF biomarkers. Arthrocentesis of the injured and uninjured ankles was performed at the time of external skeletal fixation (ESF) and ORIF. Patients were randomized to receive either autogenous leukocyte‐reduced PRP or saline (control) via intra‐articular injection into the injured ankle at the time of ESF. SF biomarker concentrations were compared—uninjured, injured pretreatment, and saline‐injected or PRP‐injected. Eleven patients (PRP, n = 5; saline, n = 6) completed the study. Twenty‐one uninjured, and 11 injured pretreatment, five PRP‐treated, and six saline‐treated SF samples were analyzed. PRP‐treated SF contained significantly higher levels of PDGF‐AA (p = 0.046) and significantly lower levels of MMP‐3 (p = 0.042), MMP‐9 (p = 0.009), IL‐1β (p = 0.049), IL‐6 (p < 0.01), IL‐8 (p = 0.048), and PGE2 (p < 0.04). This study provided mechanistic data to suggest that a single intraarticular injection of leukocyte‐reduced PRP is associated with anti‐inflammatory, anti‐degradative, and anabolic responses compared with saline control. These findings provide the impetus for investigating long‐term clinical outcomes after PRP injection as an orthobiologic adjunct to ORIF for mitigating the incidence and severity of PTOA after pilon fractures.
The size and temperature effect of ideality factor in GaN/InGaN multiple quantum wells micro‐light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Liu Yibo , Zhang Ke , Feng Feng , Chan Ka‐Wah , Yeung Sze‐Yan , Kwok Hoi‐Sing , Liu Zhaojun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the GaN/InGaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) micro‐light‐emitting diode (micro‐LED) devices of different size with green light emission were fabricated. The ideality factor of micro‐LED was discussed. For temperature‐dependent electrical characterization, the current–voltage relationship within a temperature category of 303–573 K was measured. The contact resistance between electrodes and GaN was exhibited, and a favorable ohmic contact was achieved for p‐electrode and p‐GaN. Next, the temperature and size effect of ideality factor was demonstrated. All size devices showed an extremely low factor smaller than 1.9. In order to better evaluate the temperature dependence, the thermal characterization was performed with a constant current and voltage mode. The 80‐μm device revealed a satisfactory temperature coefficient, namely, 1.92 mV/K at the forward voltage and 2.66 kA·K at the reverse bias. For temperature‐dependent optical characterization, the irradiance and brightness from 303 to 453 K of 100 μm were demonstrated. Even at 453 K, the brightness is still favorable as 34,520 nits. Following this, the luminous efficiency droop with increasing injection current density was described and discussed.