bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Ma Janet 
Published: November 2021

Key Points
Allergic rhinitis is a common atopic upper airway inflammatory disease characterized by congestion, sneezing, and pruritus.Allergen skin testing is the best diagnostic test for allergic rhinitis.Intranasal steroids and antihistamines are mainstay treatments of allergic rhinitis.Allergen immunotherapy should be considered if pharmacological treatments fail.
Immune Thrombocytopenia Purpura
Authors: Kamat Deepak M. 
Published: November 2021

Key Points
Two Types: Acute and Chronic Diagnosis: Established by excluding known causes of thrombocytopenia Treatment: Depends on the platelet count and the presence and severity of bleeding. When therapy is indicated, the primary treatment options for the newly diagnosed patient are: Corticosteroids Intravenous immunoglobulin Intravenous anti-D Ig
Lyme Disease
Authors: Joerger Torsten 
Published: November 2021

Key Points
Lyme disease affects an estimated 300,000 people per year in the United States. Lyme disease is divided into Early disease (erythema migrans [EM]) Early disseminated disease (multiple EM lesions, Bell palsy, meningitis, carditis) Late disease (arthritis) EM should be diagnosed clinically, as laboratory test results may be negative. Serology should be considered for the diagnosis of disseminated or late disease only in children with compatible clinical symptoms. Lyme disease has an excellent prognosis if treated with appropriate antibiotics.
Meningococcemia
Authors: Joerger Torsten 
Published: November 2021

Key Points
Meningococcemia occurs when the bacteria Neisseria meningitidis enters the bloodstream and causes sepsis. Meningococcemia is rare but has a high mortality rate. Risk factors for meningococcemia include age younger than 1 year, living in crowded conditions, and complement deficiencies. Vaccines do not prevent infection from all serogroups of N meningitidis but are an important tool to decrease the risk of invasive infection. Close contacts of patients with invasive meningococcal disease should receive chemoprophylaxis.
Disruptive Behavior and Aggression
Authors: Wissow Lawrence S. 
Published: November 2021

Key Points
All children are defiant at times, and acting out may be the only way a child knows to communicate distress; by examining the antecedent, behavior, and consequence, a clinician may uncover a basic need (eg, safety, food, love) that is unmet.Disruptive or aggressive behavior may be a symptom of many different mental health problems and may be a response to traumatic experience(s); oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) or conduct disorder (CD) may be present if behaviors such as marked tantrums, fighting, bullying, and disciplinary actions by child care or schoolAre repetitive and excessive.Are out of keeping with developmental and social norms.Persist rather than appearing briefly as part of adaptation to a new situation or developmental period.Interfere with family life, school, or peer relationships.Put the child or others in danger.Standardized psychosocial screening instruments and collateral reports from child care or school are useful in identifying symptoms of disruptive behavior or aggression.Parents of children with oppositional behavior can become chronically angry and depressed, which can reinforce the negative environment and attention, perpetuating a cycle of opposition.Evaluation requires differentiating it from typical behavior, understanding the context of misbehaviors, distinguishing between impulsive and premeditated patterns of behavior, identifying adversities or loss that preceded the behaviors, and recognizing conditions (eg, sleep deprivation, learning difficulties, anxiety, depression) that may mimic or co-occur with disruptive and aggressive behaviors.Pediatric clinicians can provide meaningful intervention, even in the absence of a diagnosis, through expressions of hope, empathy, and support to the youth and family; by promoting daily positive joint activities between parents and the child or teen; and by coaching parents in effective behavioral management using positive reinforcement techniques, derived from evidence-based parenting programs.Refer for evaluation by and comanagement with mental health specialist(s) ifBehaviors are injurious to other children or animals.Symptoms developed following traumatic experience or loss.Symptoms suggest ODD or CD.The child manifests severe dysfunction in any domain.Symptoms persist or worsen despite pediatric interventions.Comorbidities include depression, anxiety, or substance use.The family is not able to maintain a calm, consistent, or safe environment.The youth is involved with legal authorities.The pediatric clinician is considering medication.
Papulosquamous Disease
Authors: Bode Sara 
Published: November 2021

Key Points
Papulosquamous skin diseases includePsoriasisPityriasis roseaPityriasis lichenoidesPityriasis rubra pilarisLichen planusLichen nitidusLichen striatusAll these conditions are often diagnosed clinically but occasionally need biopsy for confirming the diagnosis.All conditions except psoriasis and lichen planus undergo spontaneous resolution and need just supportive care.Patients suspected of having psoriasis and lichen planus may need to be referred to a dermatologist for further evaluation and management.
Guillain-Barré Syndrome
Authors: Sivaswamy Lalitha 
Published: November 2021

Key Points
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a group of acquired, immune-mediated conditions affecting peripheral nerves and nerve roots.Guillain-Barré syndrome is the most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis in childhood.The most common age-group affected by GBS is 4 through 8 years.One-half to two-thirds of cases manifest as a postinfectious illness 1 to 3 weeks after infection.Most evidence linking GBS to vaccines is temporal and causality has not been established clearly.Diagnosis is primarily based on a constellation of typical symptoms, neurologic signs, and paraclinical findings with exclusion of relevant differential.Laboratory and electrophysiological testing are important to establish diagnosis.Consensus on the basis of case series and retrospective analysis indicates that intravenous immunoglobulin can reduce duration of hospitalization and time to ambulation.
Low-level pathogen transmission from wild to farmed salmonids in a flow-through fish farm
Authors: Pravdová Markéta , Ondračková Markéta , Palíková Miroslava , Papežíková Ivana , Kvach Yuriy , Jurajda Pavel , Bartáková Veronika , Seidlová Veronika , Němcová Monika , Mareš Jan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
While the potential effects of pathogens spread from farmed fish to wild populations have frequently been studied, evidence for the transmission of parasites from wild to farmed fish is scarce. In the present study, we evaluated natural bacterial and parasitic infections in brown trout (Salmo trutta m. fario) collected from the Černá Opava river (Czech Republic) as a potential source of infections for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) reared in a flow-through farm system fed by the same river. The prevalence of bacterial and protozoan infections in farmed fish was comparable, or higher, than for riverine fish. Despite this, none of the infected farmed fish showed any signs of severe diseases. Substantial differences in metazoan parasite infections were observed between wild and farmed fish regarding monogeneans, adult trematodes, nematodes, the myxozoan Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae found in riverine fish only, and larval eye-fluke trematodes sporadically found in farmed fish. The different distribution of metazoan parasites between brown and rainbow trout most probably reflects the availability of infected intermediate hosts in the two habitats. Despite the river being the main water source for the farm, there was no significant threat of parasite infection to the farmed fish from naturally infected riverine fish.
Validated chromatographic methods for the simultaneous determination of a ternary mixture of sulfacetamide sodium and two of its official impurities; sulfanilamide and dapsone
Authors: El-Ragehy Nariman A. , Hegazy Maha A. , Tawfik Samia A. , Sedik Ghada A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Sulfacetamide sodium is a widely prescribed sulfonamide drug due to its topical antibacterial action on eye and skin. Four impurities are stated in the British Pharmacopoeia among which are sulfanilamide and dapsone. This work presents two specific, accurate and precise chromatographic methods for the simultaneous determination of a mixture of sulfacetamide sodium, sulfanilamide and dapsone. The first method is an isocratic RP-HPLC where the separation of components was achieved on C18 column. A green mobile phase was used consisting of methanol:water (60:40, v/v). The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and effluent was monitored at 273 nm. The second method is a TLC-spectrodensitometric one where good separation was achieved by using silica plates and a mobile phase consisting of chloroform:dichloromethane:acetic acid (6:2.5:1.5, by volume). Determination was done by densitometry in the absorbance mode at 273 nm. Both methods were validated in compliance with ICH guidelines. They were also successfully applied for the determination of sulfacetamide sodium and its impurities in Ocusol® ophthalmic solutions. The obtained results were statistically compared to the results obtained by applying the official methods of analysis of each component where no significant difference was found with respect to accuracy and precision.
Effect of thermal treatment on physicochemical, phytochemical, and microbiological characteristics of brown Spanish onion paste
Authors: Naqash S. , Naik H. R. , Hussain S. Z. , Makroo H. A. , Dar B. N. 
Published: November 2021

Onion paste is a commercially used processed product that reduces cooking time. Industrial processing of onion paste involves various treatments that affect the overall nutritional profile of the final product. In this study, effect of various thermal treatment conditions was evaluated, with temperature and time ranging between 70 and 90°C for 8 to 22 min, respectively. Changes in quercetin, pyruvic acid, and quality characteristics of fresh onion paste were investigated. A negative linear trend was observed in quercetin, pyruvic acid, viscosity, ascorbic acid, and total plate count, with an increase in temperature and time. An interactive and combined effect of time and temperature showed a positive linear relationship with color difference. For all the quality parameters investigated in this study, thermal treatment at 87°C for 15 min was found to be optimum for development of shelf-stable onion paste. Quercetin and pyruvic acid content were found to be 2.587±0.03 g kg–1 and 0.086±0.004 µmol kg–1, respectively. Optimum conditions depicted better retention of principal compounds as compared to the other experimental conditions and exhibited safer quality product as compared to the untreated sample.
Medya sektöründe Sanayi 4.0 uygulaması: TRT örneği
Authors: Toksoy Beyza , Uzunay Birol 
Published: November 2021

Medya sektöründe, yayın üretim teknikleri hızla değişmektedir. Bu değişiklikler, önce küreselleşme ve dijitalleşmenin etkisiyle oluşmuştur. Daha sonra sanayi 4.0 üretim tekniklerinin alt yapısı medyada uygulanmaya başlamıştır.
Sanayi 4.0 sürecini öngörerek alt yapılarını hazırlayan medya şirketlerinin, yüksek düzeyde rekabet gücü kazanabilecekleri yorumlanmaktadır. Türkiye’deki özel sektör medya şirketlerinin ve kamu yayın kurumlarının; Sanayi 4.0'a yatırım yaparak, yayın üretimlerini buna göre ayarlamalarının bir tercih değil zorunluluk olduğu öngörülmektedir.
Bu makalenin saha araştırılmasında Türkiye Radyo Televizyon Kurumu’nun (TRT) seçilmesinin nedeni, bir kamu kurumu olarak son 12 yılda dijital teknolojiye yaptığı yatırımlardır. Ayrıca TRT’nin küreselleşme uyumu için yapılan idari, mali ve teknik yatırımları önemli bulunmaktadır. TRT, yayın politikalarıyla kamuoyunda çok eleştirilse de küreselleşme uyum çalışmaları ve dijitalleşme yatırımlarıyla özel sektör yayın işletmelerinin ve diğer kamu kurumlarının önüne geçtiği öngörülmektedir.
Çalışma bir yayın kurumunda, Sanayi 4.0 teknolojilerinin nasıl uygulanabileceğini gösteren düzenlemelere örnek teşkil etmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla TRT kurumunun Sanayi 4.0 alt yapı yatırımları; literatür, saha araştırması ve yapılan röportajlarla incelenmiştir. Röportaj yapılan TRT uzmanları A1, A2 ve A3 olarak belirtilmiştir.
Correlación del Finnish Diabetes Risk Score y la Hemoglobina Glucosilada en la Identificación de Diabetes y Prediabetes en Docentes Universitarios de Ciencias de la Salud.
Authors: Torres Hernadez Rosa María , López Balderas Nayali , González Jiménez Beatriz , Rosas Murga Flor Patricia , López Ramos Emma Delfina 
Published: November 2021

Introducción: La Diabetes Mellitus se caracteriza por elevación de glucosa en sangre. En el año 2014 vivían 422 millones de personas con diabetes (8.5%) a nivel mundial. En México, en el 2018 vivían aproximadamente 8.6 millones de personas con diabetes (10.3%) y el 70% de la población adulta presentaba sobrepeso u obesidad. Se ha buscado validar herramientas de bajo costo para ampliar la atención médica de población en riesgo de padecer diabetes. El test de FINDRISC es un instrumento utilizado a nivel mundial para evaluar el riesgo de desarrollar diabetes tipo 2. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la correlación entre el puntaje del FINDRISC y el valor de la hemoglobina glucosilada en docentes del área de ciencias de la salud en la Universidad Veracruzana. Métodos: Estudio observacional y transversal. Se aplicó el cuestionario FINDRISC a 92 docentes procedentes de Facultades de Ciencias de la Salud, en los que además se determinó la hemoglobina glucosilada. Resultados: El porcentaje de docentes en riesgo alto fue de 26.1% y de 7.6% en riesgo muy alto. Se identificó un 10% de docentes con prediabetes y 7.1% con diabetes no diagnosticada. Solo 24 docentes (26.1%) presentaron peso normal, 40 con sobrepeso (43.5%) y 28 con obesidad (30.4%). La correlación de Pearson del test FINDRISC con la hemoglobina glucosilada fue de r = 0.50 (I.C. 95% 0.35-0.64). Conclusión: El test FINDRISC junto con la hemoglobina glucosilada son útiles para identificar grupos de riesgo para desarrollar diabetes tipo 2 en población veracruzana.
Deficiencia de glucosa-6-fosfato-deshidrogenasa (G6PD) en individuos de la ciudad de Cartagena
Authors: Mendez-Cuadro Dario , Quinto Casalins Angélica , Rodriguez  Cavallo Erika , Moneriz Pretel Carlos 
Published: November 2021

Introducción: La deficiencia de glucosa-6-fosfato-deshidrogenasa (G6PD) es considerada un mecanismo genético de protección frente a las complicaciones más graves de la malaria humana. No obstante, también representa un problema de salud pública, al ser la primera causa de anemia hemolítica de origen metabólico según la OMS. Su verdadera prevalencia en la región Caribe colombiana sigue sin ser determinada con precisión. Con el objeto de obtener un panorama de esta condición en Cartagena de Indias, se realizó este estudio piloto para la identificación de individuos deficientes de G6PD en la comunidad estudiantil de la Universidad de Cartagena y sus familiares. Métodos: Estudio piloto con 434 donantes voluntarios sometidos a ensayos de tamizaje de actividad de G6PD eritrocitaria mediante la prueba de Beutler sobre papel (spot test) y confirmatorios basados en la actividad enzimática cuantitativa. Resultados: Del total de donantes, 25 resultaron sospechosos de padecer la deficiencia correspondiente, de los cuales, 20 fueron confirmados mediante la actividad enzimática cuantitativa; alcanzado una frecuencia de 4,6% para esta afectación eritrocitaria. Conclusiones: La frecuencia de individuos deficientes de G6PD determinada en la muestra poblacional estudiada se ubica dentro los valores de prevalencia estimados para la población colombiana y ponen de manifiesto la necesidad de realizar estudios de tamizaje a mayor escala acompañados de pruebas de tamizaje molecular que permitan identificar las mutaciones con mayor penetrancia en la región Caribe colombiana.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE FALL RISK AND ASSISTIVE WALKING DEVICE USE OF PATIENTS WITH KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS
Authors: BAYKAL Tuba , ERDEMİR Esra 
Published: November 2021

Objective
In this study, we aimed to investigate the risk of falling
in patients with advanced-stage knee osteoarthritis and
the rates of assistive walking device use, and the factors
affecting the use of these devices in such patients.
Materials and Methods
In this prospective, cross-sectional, observational
study, we included 79 patients (72 females, 7 males;
median age 60 years; range, 40 to 75) with advancedstage
knee osteoarthritis. We assessed the balance
status of the patients with the Berg Balance Scale,
pain levels with the Numeric Rating Scale, selfreported
disability scores with the Western Ontario
and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index.
Our primary outcome measurements were balance
status, and assistive walking device usage rates of
the patients. Secondary outcome measures were
age, obesity, disease severity, pain levels, disability
scores, and fall history.
Results
According to Berg Balance Scale, 40 (50.6 %)
patients had a risk of fall. Assistive walking device
usage rates were 21.5 % and 42.5 % for the total
of the patients and for the patients at risk of falling,
respectively. There was a statistically significant
difference in assistive walking device use between
those at risk of falling and those without (P
The use of a “chimeric” autotissue complex from the subscapularis vascular basin for maxillary reconstruction after malignant tumors resection
Authors: Bolotin M.   V. , Sobolevsky V.  A. , Orlova I. V. , Gelfand I. M. , Chen H. 
Published: November 2021

The objective of this work – to evaluate the results of reconstructive interventions using free revascularized tissue complexes of the scapular region in patients after maxillary resection for malignant tumors. Materials and methods. Between 2014–2020 the post-resection maxillary defects were replaced with free blood-sup plied flaps of the scapular region in 19 patients. In Group 1 (n = 10), the defect was eliminated after total maxillectomy with preservation of the eyeball using a “chimeric” tissue complex, parts of which were positioned in several planes. In Group 2 (n = 9), total and subtotal defects of the hard palate and alveolar process were replaced using a free flap with the inclusion of the scapula angle, which was placed horizontally. The functional and aesthetic results of the reconstructions, the degree of morphological correspondence of the reconstructed structures, as well as the incidence of postoperative complications were assessed. Results. In Group 1 total necrosis of the flap was noted in 2 cases (20 %), in 1 (10 %) case – necrosis of the skin fragment). In Group 2 graft necrosis was observed in 1 (11 %) patient. Satisfactory and excellent aesthetic and functional results were achieved in 6 (60 %) patients in Group 1 and 8 (89 %) patients in Group 2. Conclusion. The scapular flap has a number of advantages for microsurgical reconstruction, including the presence of a long vascular pedicle with large vessels, inclusion of different tissues, possibility of harvesting a “chimeric” version (with significant mobility of parts), low rate of vascular lesions in the area, and most importantly, morphologically close location of bone tissue of the scapula to the maxilla, which ensures successful application of this flap for maxillary repair in patients with advanced cancer of the upper jaw.
Evolution of treatment for children with esthesioneuroblastoma (1969–2019)
Authors: Rodina A. D. , Krylov A. S. , Gorbunova T. V. , Korolyov V. A. , Merkulov O. A. , Ivanova N. V. , Polyakov V. G. 
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Esthesioneuroblastoma is a rare neuroectodermal malignant tumor. The incidence of this tumor in children under 15 years of age is 0.1 per 100,000 pediatric population. The information on incidence, disease course, and treatment of esthesioneuroblastoma in children vary significantly and depend on the follow-up period and statistical methods.Objective – to assess risk factors for esthesioneuroblastoma and evaluate treatment strategies used in children and their prospects.Materials and methods. This study included 29 patients aged 2 to 17 years diagnosed with esthesioneuroblastoma and treated at the Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia between 1969 and 2019. The median age upon diagnosis was 10 years. Six patients (20 %) developed the disease early in their life (being under 3 years of age). Esthesioneuroblastoma was equally common in boys and girls. More than half of the patients (n = 15; 51 %) had stage IV disease. The primary tumor invaded the maxillary sinus (n = 25; 86 %), orbit (n = 10; 34 %), ethmoid sinus (n = 18; 62 %), and cranial cavity (n = 12; 41 %). The majority of children (n = 28; 96 %) received pharmacotherapy and radiotherapy (n = 27; 93 %); the total focal dose was 50 Gy in case of primary tumor. The affected cervical lymph nodes were irradiated in 10 (35 %) patients (total focal dose 40 Gy). Ten (35 %) patients have undergone surgery.Results. The follow-up period varied between 3 months and 50 years. Nine (34 %) patients are still alive. Fourteen patients (48 %) died due to tumor progression; 1 (3 %) patient died due to complications from special treatment. Five (17 %) patients were lost to follow-up at different stages.Conclusion. The following risk factors were associated with poor prognosis in children with esthesioneuroblastoma: disease onset in early childhood, no adequate diagnosis of distant metastases prior to specific treatment initiation, disseminated disease, and high Ki-67 index. In patients with advanced cancer, surgeries were effective only in combination with chemoradiotherapy. Long-term treatment outcomes in children with esthesioneuroblastoma are poor due to high risk of recurrence and tumor dissemination.