bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TFB2M activates aerobic glycolysis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells through the NAD+/SIRT3/HIF‐1α signaling
Authors: Chang Hulin , Li Jibin , Luo Ying , Wu Bing , Yuan Chong , Geng Xilin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and AimIncreased aerobic glycolysis has been well‐known as a hallmark of cancer, which is closely related to mitochondrial dysfunction. TFB2M (mitochondrial transcription factor B2) is a core mitochondrial transcription factor, which has been shown by us to play an oncogenic role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, whether TFB2M contributes to the aerobic glycolysis in HCC cells remains unexplored.MethodsThe role and underlying molecular mechanisms of TFB2M in the regulation of aerobic glycolysis in HCC cells were systematically investigated by in vitro cell glucose metabolism and metabolomics analyses. Besides, the effects of TFB2M‐regulated aerobic glycolysis in the growth and metastasis of HCC cells were also explored.ResultsHere, we show that TFB2M markedly enhanced the reprogramming of glucose metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis mainly through two mechanisms. On the one hand, TFB2M increased the expressions of glycolytic genes GAPDH, LDHA, GLUT1, and HK2. On the other hand, TFB2M decreased the expression of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC‐1α), a critical regulator of mitochondrial respiration. Mechanistically, TFB2M regulates the upregulation of glycolytic genes and downregulation of PGC‐1α mainly through NAD+/SIRT3/HIF‐1α signaling. Additionally, we found that TFBM2 promoted the progression of HCC cells through HIF‐1α‐regulated reprogramming of glucose metabolism.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that TFB2M serves as a critical glucose metabolic reprogramming mechanism in tumorigenesis, which could be used as potential therapeutic target in HCC.
Review of Evidence‐Based Methods for Successful Labor Induction
Authors: Carlson Nicole , Ellis Jessica , Page Katie , Dunn Amore Alexis , Phillippi Julia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInduction of labor is increasingly a common component of the intrapartum care. Knowledge of the current evidence on methods of labor induction is an essential component of shared decision‐making to determine which induction method meets an individual's health needs and personal preferences. This article provides a review of the current research evidence on labor induction methods, including cervical ripening techniques, and contraction stimulation techniques. Current evidence about expected duration of labor following induction, use of the Bishop score to guide induction, and guidance on the use of combination methods for labor induction are reviewed.
Soil sample pooling generates no consistent inference bias: a meta‐analysis of 71 plant–soil feedback experiments
Authors: Allen Warwick J. , Sapsford Sarah J. , Dickie Ian A. 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThere is current debate on how soil sample pooling affects the measurement of plant–soil feedbacks. Several studies have suggested that pooling soil samples among experimental units reduces variance and can bias estimates of plant–soil feedbacks. However, it is unclear whether pooling has resulted in systematic mismeasurement of plant–soil feedbacks in the literature. Using data from 71 experiments, we tested whether pairwise plant–soil feedback direction, magnitude and variance differed among soil pooling treatments. We also tested whether pooling has altered our understanding of abiotic and biotic drivers that influence pairwise plant–soil feedbacks. Pooling of soil samples among experimental units was used in 42% of examined experiments. Contrary to predictions, pooling did not affect mean pairwise plant–soil feedback effect size or within‐experiment variance. Accounting for soil sample pooling also did not significantly alter our understanding of the drivers of pairwise plant–soil feedbacks. We conclude that there is no evidence that soil sample pooling systematically biases estimates of plant–soil feedback direction, magnitude, variance or drivers across many studies. Given the debate of whether to pool soil samples, researchers should be aware of potential criticisms and carefully consider how experimental design and soil pooling methods influence interpretation of experiments.
Harvesting water from unsaturated atmospheres: deliquescence of salt secreted onto leaf surfaces drives reverse sap flow in a dominant arid climate mangrove, Avicennia marina
Authors: Coopman Rafael E. , Nguyen Hoa T. , Mencuccini Maurizio , Oliveira Rafael S. , Sack Lawren , Lovelock Catherine E. , Ball Marilyn C. 
Published: May 2021

Summary

The mangrove Avicennia marina adjusts internal salt concentrations by foliar salt secretion. Deliquescence of accumulated salt causes leaf wetting that may provide a water source for salt‐secreting plants in arid coastal wetlands where high nocturnal humidity can usually support deliquescence whereas rainfall events are rare. We tested the hypotheses that salt deliquescence on leaf surfaces can drive top‐down rehydration, and that such absorption of moisture from unsaturated atmospheres makes a functional contribution to dry season shoot water balances.

Sap flow and water relations were monitored to assess the uptake of atmospheric water by branches during shoot wetting events under natural and manipulated microclimatic conditions.

Reverse sap flow rates increased with increasing relative humidity from 70% to 89%, consistent with function of salt deliquescence in harvesting moisture from unsaturated atmospheres. Top‐down rehydration elevated branch water potentials above those possible from root water uptake, subsidising transpiration rates and reducing branch vulnerability to hydraulic failure in the subsequent photoperiod.

Absorption of atmospheric moisture harvested through deliquescence of salt on leaf surfaces enhances water balances of Avicennia marina growing in hypersaline wetlands under arid climatic conditions. Top‐down rehydration from these frequent, low intensity wetting events contributes to prevention of carbon starvation and hydraulic failure during drought.
DELLA proteins BnaA6.RGA and BnaC7.RGA negatively regulate fatty acid biosynthesis by interacting with BnaLEC1s in Brassica napus
Authors: Yan Guanbo , Yu Pugang , Tian Xia , Guo Liang , Tu Jinxing , Shen Jinxiong , Yi Bin , Fu Tingdong , Wen Jing , Liu Kede , Ma Chaozhi , Dai Cheng 
Published: May 2021

SummarySeed oil content (SOC) and fatty acid (FA) composition determine the quality and economic value of rapeseed (Brassica napus). Little is known about the role of gibberellic acid (GA) in regulating FA biosynthesis in B. napus. Here, we discovered that four BnaRGAs (B. napus REPRESSOR OF GA), encoding negative regulators of GA signalling, were suppressed during seed development. Compared to the wild type, SOC was reduced in gain‐of‐function mutants bnaa6.rga‐D and ds‐3, which also showed reduced oleic acid and increased linoleic acid contents. By contrast, the loss‐of‐function quadruple mutant bnarga displayed higher SOC during early seed development than the wild type, with increased oleic acid and reduced linoleic acid contents. Notably, only BnaA6.RGA and BnaC7.RGA physically interacted with two BnaLEC1s, which function as essential transcription factors in FA biosynthesis. The FA composition did not significantly differ between bnarga bnalec1 sextuple mutants and bnalec1, suggesting that BnaLEC1s are epistatic to BnaRGAs in the regulation of FA composition. Furthermore, BnaLEC1‐induced activation of BnaABI3 expression was repressed by BnaA6.RGA, indicating that GA triggers the degradation of BnaRGAs to relieve their repression of BnaLEC1s, thus promoting the transcription of downstream genes to facilitate oil biosynthesis. Therefore, we uncovered a developmental stage‐specific role of GA in regulating oil biosynthesis via the GA‐BnaRGA‐BnaLEC1 signalling cascade, providing a novel mechanistic understanding of how phytohormones regulate FA biosynthesis in seeds. BnaRGAs represent promising targets for oil crop improvement.
SKILLS – A psychoeducational group programme for children with ADHD
Authors: Lantz Sofia , Fornwall Charlotta , Lööf Måns , Isaksson Johan 
Published: May 2021

Psychoeducation is regarded as a first line of intervention for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Previous studies have been limited to psychoeducation for adult patients or parents of children with ADHD. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the acceptability and effectiveness of a psychoeducational group intervention for children with ADHD. The two‐session psychoeducational intervention, SKILLS, was completed by 125 children (6–12 years) with ADHD and their parents. Self‐ratings and parental ratings of ADHD symptoms, functional impairment and attitudes to diagnosis and treatment were collected before and after treatment. Post‐treatment client satisfaction and parental responses to an open question about SKILLS were assessed. The data were analyzed using a combination of quantitative and qualitative (content analysis) methods. A majority of the participants expressed satisfaction with the group intervention. The intervention had no effect on symptoms and level of function, although the parents were more positive to their child’s diagnosis after the intervention. The parents were positive to the group format and to the opportunity for their children to meet other children with similar symptoms. Parents wished for more interactive elements and more opportunities for children to share experiences. We concluded that the group intervention was accepted by most participants, although more activating exercises and opportunities for interaction between participants should be included. Since the intervention group was not compared with a control group, the results should be interpreted with caution. Future studies should use a randomized control treatment design and investigate the effect on adherence to later treatment.
The TIR‐NBS protein TN13 associates with the CC‐NBS‐LRR resistance protein RPS5 and contributes to RPS5‐triggered immunity in Arabidopsis
Authors: Cai Huiren , Wang Wei , Rui Lu , Han Libo , Luo Mingyu , Liu Na , Tang Dingzhong 
Published: May 2021

SummaryNucleotide‐binding site (NBS)–leucine‐rich repeat (LRR) domain receptor (NLR) proteins play important roles in plant innate immunity by recognizing pathogen effectors. The Toll/interleukin‐1 receptor (TIR)‐NBS (TN) proteins belong to a subtype of the atypical NLRs, but their function in plant immunity is poorly understood. The well‐characterized Arabidopsis thaliana typical coiled‐coil (CC)‐NBS‐LRR (CNL) protein Resistance to Pseudomonas syringae 5 (RPS5) is activated after recognizing the Pseudomonas syringae type III effector AvrPphB. To explore whether the truncated TN proteins function in CNL‐mediated immune signaling, we examined the interactions between the Arabidopsis TN proteins and RPS5, and found that TN13 and TN21 interacted with RPS5. However, only TN13, but not TN21, was involved in the resistance to P. syringae pv. tomato (Pto) strain DC3000 carrying avrPphB, encoding the cognate effector recognized by RPS5. Moreover, the regulation of Pto DC3000 avrPphB resistance by TN13 appeared to be specific, as loss of function of TN13 did not compromise resistance to Pto DC3000 hrcC− or Pto DC3000 avrRpt2. In addition, we demonstrated that the CC and NBS domains of RPS5 play essential roles in the interaction between TN13 and RPS5. Taken together, our results uncover a direct functional link between TN13 and RPS5, suggesting that TN13 acts as a partner in modulating RPS5‐activated immune signaling, which constitutes a previously unknown mechanism for TN‐mediated regulation of plant immunity.
Numerical Methods to Compute the Coriolis Matrix and Christoffel Symbols for Rigid-Body Systems
Authors: Echeandia Sebastian , Wensing Patrick M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article presents methods to efficiently compute the Coriolis matrix and underlying Christoffel symbols (of the first kind) for tree-structure rigid-body systems. The algorithms can be executed purely numerically, without requiring partial derivatives as in unscalable symbolic techniques. The computations share a recursive structure in common with classical methods such as the composite-rigid-body algorithm and are of the lowest possible order: O(Nd) for the Coriolis matrix and O(Nd2) for the Christoffel symbols, where N is the number of bodies and d is the depth of the kinematic tree. Implementation in C/C++ shows computation times of the order of 10–20 μs for the Coriolis matrix and 40–120 μs for the Christoffel symbols on systems with 20-degrees-of-freedom (DoF). The results demonstrate feasibility for the adoption of these algorithms within high-rate (&gt;1 kHz) loops for model-based control applications.
Perceived Barriers and Motivators for Physical Activity in Women With Perinatal Depression
Authors: Badon Sylvia E. , Iturralde Esti , Nkemere Linda , Nance Nerissa , Avalos Lyndsay A. 
Published: May 2021

Background: Physical activity (PA) can help reduce depression symptom severity in women with perinatal depression. However, PA is low, and barriers and motivators for PA among women with perinatal depression are not well understood.Methods: An ethnically diverse sample of women with perinatal depression was identified using a universal perinatal depression screening program. The authors conducted 8 focus groups (4 in pregnant women [n = 15] and 4 in postpartum women [n = 20]). Depression symptoms were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-8 at recruitment. Focus groups were analyzed using an inductive approach.Results: Pregnant participants were 27 weeks gestation, and postpartum participants were 11.5 months postpartum, on average. Depression symptoms were moderately severe (mean Patient Health Questionnaire-8 score: 16). Women identified practical barriers and motivators for PA common to perinatal women (physical health, parental responsibilities, PA tracking tools, and environmental factors) and described emotional and social factors influencing PA. Motivators included using PA to improve mood, relieve stress, boost self-image, and spend time with others. Bad mood, fear of social judgment, and feeling discouraged made it difficult to be active.Conclusion: PA interventions in women with perinatal depression should include components addressing emotional and social barriers to PA in addition to addressing additional common practical barriers to PA.
60Fe and244Pu deposited on Earth constrain the r-process yields of recent nearby supernovae
Authors: Wallner A. , Froehlich M. B. , Hotchkis M. A. C. , Kinoshita N. , Paul M. , Martschini M. , Pavetich S. , Tims S. G. , Kivel N. , Schumann D. , Honda M. , Matsuzaki H. , Yamagata T. 
Published: May 2021

Natural plutonium from supernovaeThe rapid neutron capture process (r-process) produces many of the heavy chemical elements, but the astrophysical settings where it occurs remain unclear. Leading candidates are neutron star mergers and some types of supernovae. Wallneret al.analyzed the plutonium content of a deep-sea crust sample, identifying a few dozen atoms of the r-process isotope plutonium- 244 that were delivered to Earth within the past few million years. There was a simultaneous signal of iron-60, which is known to be produced in supernovae. Comparing the ratios of these isotopes constrains the relative contributions of supernovae and neutron star mergers to r-process nucleosynthesis.Science, this issue p.742
Genesis of the mafic granophyre of the Vredefort impact structure (South Africa): Implications of new geochemical and Se and Re-Os isotope data
Authors: Reimold* Wolf Uwe , Schulz Toni , König Stephan , Koeberl Christian , Hauser Natalia , Wannek Dschamilja , Schmitt Ralf-Thomas 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
This contribution is concerned with the debated origin of the impact melt rock in the central uplift of the world’s largest confirmed impact structure—Vredefort (South Africa). New major- and trace-element abundances, including those of selected highly siderophile elements (HSEs), Re-Os isotope data, as well as the first Se isotope and Se-Te elemental systematics are presented for the felsic and mafic varieties of Vredefort impact melt rock known as “Vredefort Granophyre.” In addition to the long-recognized “normal” (i.e., felsic, &gt;66 wt% SiO2) granophyre variety, a more mafic (&lt;66 wt% SiO2) impact melt variety from Vredefort has been discussed for several years. The hypothesis that the mafic granophyre was formed from felsic granophyre through admixture (assimilation) of a mafic country rock component that then was melted and assimilated into the superheated impact melt has been pursued here by analysis of the two granophyre varieties, of the Dominion Group lava (actually meta-lava), and of epidiorite mafic country rock types. Chemical compositions, including high-precision isotope dilution–derived concentrations of selected highly siderophile elements (Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Se, Te), and Re-Os and Se isotope data support this hypothesis. A first-order estimate, based on these data, suggests that some mafic granophyre may have resulted from a significant admixture (assimilation) of epidiorite to felsic granophyre. This is in accordance with the findings of an earlier investigation using conventional isotope (Sr-Nd-Pb) data. Moreover, these outcomes are in contrast to a two-stage emplacement model for Vredefort Granophyre, whereby a mafic phase of impact melt, derived by differentiation of a crater-filling impact melt sheet, would have been emplaced into earlier-deposited felsic granophyre. Instead, all chemical and isotopic evidence so far favors formation of mafic granophyre by local assimilation of mafic country rock—most likely epidiorite—by a single intrusive impact melt phase, which is represented by the regionally homogeneous felsic granophyre.
Scoping review of research on self-managed medication abortion in low-income and middle-income countries
Authors: Sorhaindo Annik , Sedgh Gilda 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundWe undertook a scoping review of recent studies on self-managed medical abortion (MA) or abortion where some or all of the process is led independently by the person having the abortion, in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) to uncover evidence gaps and help stakeholders leverage existing evidence.MethodsWe searched five bibliographic databases for all articles published on MA between 2007 and July 2020 in LMICs. The search yielded 1294 articles. We identified 107 articles in which one or more of the three WHO-defined subtasks for MA was self-led outside of a clinic setting, and use of drugs that are part of safe, evidence-based regimens was related to the study exposure or outcome. We classified these studies by subject area, study design, country, legal context, gestational age and other categories.ResultsThe 107 studies covered research in 44 countries, of which 18 have liberal abortion laws. Seventy- four articles reported on quantitative research methods, of which 14 were randomised controlled trials. Fifty-two studies focused on MA in the first trimester. Sixty-two focused on WHO subtask two (drug administration) and 32 focused on subtask three (assessing and managing abortion completion). We found little research on self-management of the entire MA process, innovative approaches to supporting self-managed MA or the needs of underserved populations.ConclusionWe recommend syntheses of evidence on safety and efficacy of self-managed MA and preferences of people undergoing self-managed MA. We also encourage new research on topics including self-management of the entire process, the needs and experiences of underserved populations and innovative approaches to supporting people undertaking self-managed MA. The time is opportune for amplifying and expanding evidence to inform programmes and policies on self-care.
Who are dying and why? A case series study of maternal deaths in Nepal
Authors: Karkee Rajendra , Tumbahangphe Kirti Man , Maharjan Nashna , Budhathoki Bharat , Manandhar Dharma 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesTo identify delays and associated factors for maternal deaths in Nepal.DesignA cross-sectional case series study of maternal deaths. An integrated verbal and social autopsy tool was used to collect quantitative and qualitative information regarding three delays. We recorded death accounts and conducted social autopsy by means of community Focus Group Discussions for each maternal death; and analysed data by framework analysis.SettingSixty-two maternal deaths in six districts in three provinces of Nepal.ResultsNearly half of the deceased women (45.2%) were primiparous and one-third had no formal education. About 40% were from Terai/Madhesi and 30.6% from lower caste. The most common place of death was private hospitals (41.9%), followed by public hospitals (29.1%). Nearly three-fourth cases were referred to higher health facilities and median time (IQR) of stay at the lower health facility was 120 (60–180) hours. Nearly half of deaths (43.5%) were attributable to more than one delay while first and third delay each contributed equally (25.8%). Lack of perceived need; perceived cost and low status; traditional beliefs and practices; physically inaccessible facilities and lack of service readiness and quality care were important factors in maternal deaths.ConclusionsThe first and third delays were the equal contributors of maternal deaths. Interventions related to birth preparedness, economic support and family planning need to be focused on poor and marginalised communities. Community management of quick transportation, early diagnosis of pregnancy risks, accommodation facilities near the referral hospitals and dedicated skilled manpower with adequate medicines, equipment and blood supplies in referral hospitals are needed for further reduction of maternal deaths in Nepal.