bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Junctionless negative capacitance FinFET-based dielectric modulated biosensor with strain silicon integration at different FE thickness
Authors: Gandhi Navneet , Kondekar P N 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Viruses such as SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 have posed serious threats to humanity in recent decades, with the COVID-19 pandemic wreaking havoc on both health and the economy. Early detection of these viruses is crucial for mitigating their effect on the immune system. In this study, we propose a dielectric-modulated biosensor realized using junctionless negative capacitance (NC) FinFET with strained silicon (StrS) integration for label-free electrical detection of neutral and charged biomolecules. The biosensor design integrates StrS within the source/drain (S/D) extension region, characterized by a Gaussian doping profile. The device employs a uniaxial stress of 1.4 GPa applied along the channel direction, which modulates the band structure to enhance carrier mobility. Additionally, a ferroelectric (FE) layer is incorporated in the gate stack, introducing a NC effect. This configuration reduces the OFF current while increasing the ON current, thereby improving the selectivity of the sensor. A ‘T-shaped’ metal support is incorporated, featuring cavities on both sides for the biomolecule’s accommodation. Our investigation focuses on the label-free detection of various biomolecules characterized by their equivalent dielectric constant (K), e.g. Streptavidin (K = 2.1), Biotin (K = 2.63), APTES (K = 3.57), Keratin (K = 8), etc. Discrimination between different biomolecules is achieved by analyzing variations in threshold voltage (V
TH), OFF current, and I
ON/I
OFF ratio as sensing metrics. The limit of detection (LoD) of the proposed sensor was meticulously estimated through a machine learning approach, achieving an impressive sensitivity with a calculated value of 0.47, quantified in terms of the ‘K’ of the biomolecules. A comprehensive analysis also involves the sensitivity and selectivity analysis with different FE thicknesses. Our study found that Pyridine (K = 12) biomolecules have the highest V
TH and OFF current sensitivity (189.57% and 85.51%, respectively), as well as the highest V
TH and OFF current selectivity over Streptavidin (1.3 and 0.811, respectively) at FE thickness of 1.8 nm. Furthermore, this paper explores the impact of low-frequency noise (i.e. flicker noise) on the noise power spectral density (PSD) of the proposed biosensor in the presence of different biomolecules. Our findings reveal that an increase in the gate coupling capacitance corresponds to the rise in K of biomolecules, leading to a decrease in noise PSD (

S

ID

/

I

D

2

) and a subsequent reduction in noise. Using well-calibrated TCAD models, the acquired results reveal that incorporating StrS leads to a ∼41% increase in the ON current over its baseline case.
Femtosecond laser multiple pulse-induced thermochemical copper precipitation from glyoxylic acid copper complex ink with surfactant
Authors: Ha Nam Phuong , Ohishi Tomoji , Mizoshiri Mizue 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper presents the precipitation of copper (Cu) from a surfactant-added glyoxylic acid copper (GACu) complex ink, in femtosecond laser multiple pulse-induced thermochemical processes to achieve high-resolution Cu direct writing. The study specifically examines the impact of the surfactant, n-decanoylsarcosine sodium, (NDSS), on the nonlinear optical absorption properties of GACu complex ink. Findings reveal that the addition of NDSS did not alter the molecule binding and single-photon absorption properties of the ink. However, nonlinear optical absorptions evaluated through the open aperture z-scan method displayed differences between the NDSS-added and non-added GACu complex inks when subjected to femtosecond laser pulse irradiation. These results suggest that Cu nanoparticles were generated from the GACu complex ink via nucleation and surfactant-mediated growth, leading to the saturable absorption of the subsequent irradiated laser pulses. By employing a pulse repetition frequency of 5 MHz and a pulse number of 2 × 104, a minimum dot diameter of 1.6 ± 0.1 μm with stable reproductivity was attained with NDSS-added ink, corresponding to the laser spot diameter, without excessive precipitation due to thermal diffusion. This comprehensive understanding of the surfactant NDSS and pulse number effects on the Cu precipitation process holds potential for the direct writing of various materials. Furthermore, this insight offers a novel approach for affordable and scalable manufacturing with minimized environmental impact.
Bulk-like structural, magnetic and optical properties of (111)- and (001)-NiO thin films
Authors: Kaur S , Bhatia Smriti , Pooja  , Sharma Kshitij , Malik V K , Singh J P , Sen K 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We have grown (111)- and (001)-oriented NiO thin films on (0001)-Sapphire and (001)-MgO substrates using pulsed laser deposition (PLD), respectively. DC magnetic susceptibility measurements underline that the Néel temperatures of the samples are beyond room-temperature. This is further confirmed by the presence of two-magnon Raman scattering modes in these films in ambient conditions. Moreover, relative intensity of the two magnon-mode with respect to a neighboring phonon mode in the films, at least down to 30 nm thickness, is comparable to the same for bulk NiO. UV–vis spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry determined that the bandgap of the films is 3.6 eV which is well within the range for bulk NiO. Thus, these indicate that the thin films are bulk-like. Further, photoluminescence measurements on (111)-NiO films obtained two-radiative transitions at 385 nm and 405 nm. The linewidth of the latter broadens towards low temperatures, indicating a plausible exciton-magnon coupling. Overall, these PLD-grown oxide films hold significant technological importance due to their optical transparency and their capacity to host robust magnons at room temperature.
An open domain fault diagnosis method for rotating machinery based on dynamic convolutional graph network and bi-classifier adversarial learning
Authors: Yang Guang , Su Juan , Du Songhuai , Duan Qingling 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
To address the challenges of distributional discrepancies and partially inconsistent class labels between source domain and target domain data in real-world engineering applications, this study proposes an open-domain adaptation method based on a Dynamic Convolutional Graph Network and bi-classifier adversarial learning (DCGNDAT). First, a dynamic convolution module is introduced to replace conventional convolution layers, enhancing the model’s ability to extract fault-related features from vibration signals. Second, a graph network is employed to encode structural information, thereby improving the model’s representation of complex data. Finally, a bi-classifier adversarial training mechanism is designed, incorporating entropy maximization and minimization strategies for the source and target domains, along with a binary cross-entropy scheme for target domain outputs, to accurately delineate the boundaries between known and unknown classes. Fault diagnosis experiments conducted on bearing and self-priming centrifugal pump datasets demonstrate that the proposed method achieves significantly higher recognition rates for unknown fault categories compared to existing algorithms, validating its superior diagnostic performance and robust open-domain adaptability.
Inorganic ligand capped quantum dot light-emitting diodes: status and perspective
Authors: Zhang Tianxu , Yang Xuan , Xie Bin , Luo Xiaobing 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) have shown great application potential in a variety of optoelectronic devices due to their unique optoelectronic properties, especially playing a key role in the development of quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs). Inorganic ligands, including metal or non-metal chalcogenides, oxoanions, halides, and metal cations, play crucial roles in the synthesis, stabilization, and functionalization of QDs. Compared to long-chain organic ligands, inorganic ligands are shorter and possess higher electron mobility, which facilitates their application in high-performance QLEDs. This review explores the mechanisms of ligand exchange, classifies the types of inorganic ligands, and discusses their impact on the properties of QDs. Special attention is given to the latest research developments in inorganic ligand QDs for LEDs and their prospective applications in optoelectronics. This review highlights the versatility and efficacy of inorganic ligands, showcasing their potential to revolutionize QLED technology for future high-resolution displays and efficient optoelectronic devices.
Superior electrochemical potential of (Cd-Cu) doped PbO2 nanomaterials for energy storage applications
Authors: Danish Muhammad , Mehmood Arslan , Sandhu Zeshan Ali , Asam Raza Muhammad , Ashraf Sufyan , Ali Furqan , Bhalli Ali Haider , Aslam Muhammad , Batoo Khalid M. , Ijaz Muhammad Farzik 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The improvement of effective materials for energy storage and conversion applications, predominantly for next-generation supercapacitors as electrode materials, remains a crucial task. In this research, pure lead oxide (PbO) and doped nanomaterials (Cd@PbO2 and Cu@PbO2) were prepared employing a solvothermal methodology to improve their electrochemical characteristics. Various characterization techniques, including Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD), established the crystalline structure and uniform needle-like morphology of the fabricated nanoparticles. The Tauc plot study exposed that 5% Cd-doped PbO2 (Cd@PbO2) displayed a compact band gap of 2.52 eV, demonstrating its potential for enhanced energy storage capabilities. Electrochemical performance was assessed via cyclic voltammetry (CV), cyclic stability, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The 5% Cd@PbO material established a maximum specific capacitance of 789.87 F/g and energy density of 33.17 Wh/kg, then pure PbO2 and Cu@PbO2. Moreover, it maintained 90% of its initial capacitance after 3000 cycles, representing exceptional stability. The 5% Cd@PbO2 material also showed low resistance in EIS, additional supporting its suitability for energy storage applications. These outcomes acclaim 5% Cd@PbO2 as a promising candidate for supercapacitor electrode material due to its remarkable stability and performance.&#xD;
Tailoring gas sensing properties of armchair graphene nanoribbons via transition metal doping: a first-principles investigation on NO, NO2, and NH3 molecules
Authors: R Jyoti , Kaur Navjot , Choudhary B C , Prior Timothy J , Sharma Ramesh K 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study explores the gas sensing capabilities of armchair graphene nanoribbons (AGNR) for nitrogen-based gases (NO, NO2, and NH3) using DFT calculations. The results show that pristine AGNR has limited sensitivity to these gases. However, doping AGNR with transition metals (Ti, V, Cr, Mn, and Fe) significantly improves its adsorption performance. The adsorption behavior is analyzed through geometrical changes, binding energies, binding distances, density of states, and band structure. Notably, Mn-AGNR showed up to 20 times greater sensitivity to NO gas. For NO2, Mn-AGNR and V-AGNR demonstrated increased adsorption energies of −3.39 eV and −3.99 eV, respectively. Additionally, Fe-AGNR proved highly effective for NH3 gas adsorption. It highlights Mn-AGNR, V-AGNR, and Fe-AGNR as particularly effective for sensing NO, NO2, and NH3 gases, respectively, and offers a comparative analysis to identify optimal doping strategies for enhanced gas sensing performance.
Cylindrical gravitational waves in Einstein-Aether theory
Authors: Chan R , da Silva M F A , Satheeshkumar V H 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Along the lines of the Einstein-Rosen wave equation of General Relativity (GR), we derive a gravitational wave equation with cylindrical symmetry in the Einstein-aether (EA) theory. We show that the gravitational wave in the EA is periodic in time for both the metric functions Ψ(r, t) and H(r, t). However, in GR, Ψ(r, t) is periodic in time, but H(r, t) is semi-periodic in time, having a secular drifting in the wave frequency. The evolution of wave pulses of a given width is entirely different in both theories in the H(r, t) metric function due to this frequency drifting. Another fundamental difference between the two theories is the gravitational wave velocity. While in GR, the waves propagate with the speed of light, in EA, there is no upper limit to the wave velocity, reaching infinity if c
13 → 1 and zero if c
13 → − ∞. We also show that energy-momentum pseudotensor and superpotential get contributions from aether in addition to the usual gravitational field part. All these characteristics are observational signatures that differentiate GR and EA that might aid in the search for new physics in the cosmological background of stochastic gravitational waves discovered recently by the Pulsar Timing Array collaborations such as NANOGrav, EPTA, PPTA, InPTA, and CPTA.
Experimental verification of a tighter wave-particle duality based on quantum coherence
Authors: Yang Xiaowan , Zhao Xinzhi , Zheng Tianle , Cheng Jiong , Zhang Chengjie 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Wave-particle duality is an inherent characteristic of microscopic systems, which exhibit both wave-like and particle-like behaviors depending on the experimental setup. On the other hand, quantum coherence refers to the ability of a quantum state to preserve its superposition despite interactions and thermalization effects. In this study, we experimentally investigate a tighter wave-particle duality based on quantum coherence. We construct a heralded single-photon source and use the expect values of Pauli operators to quantify the interferometric visibility and path distinguishability of photons. By employing quantum state tomography, we reconstruct the density matrix of the quantum state and assess its quantum coherence. Our results provide experimental evidence for the tighter wave-particle duality based on quantum coherence.
Effect of pressure and current density on metastable argon dynamics in low-pressure Ar-O2 plasma
Authors: Imran Muhammad , Rehman Najeeb Ur , Wali Niaz 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Non-thermal plasma demonstrates a significant enhancement in efficiency when oxygen is added into the plasma mixture, particularly in processes such as thin-film oxide deposition, poly film removal, and photoresist mask ashing. This study examines the behavior of metastable argon states (1s5 and 1s3) in Ar-O2 mixture plasma, generated by a 50 Hz pulsed DC power supply under low-pressure conditions ranging from 1 mbar to 7 mbar. The densities of metastable argon states were assessed at varying conditions of current density, argon concentration, and filling gas pressure, utilizing optical emission spectroscopy (OES). The argon emission line ratio technique was employed to determine the plasma parameters. Experimental results indicate that electron density increases with current density, driven by enhanced excitation and ionization processes, while higher argon concentrations facilitate efficient ionization. The declining trend of the electron density with an increase in filling gas pressure is attributed to higher-pressure collisional processes. Metastable argon atoms exhibit heightened density with increased current density and argon percentage but decrease with elevated pressure due to loss processes. The regulation of metastable states is crucial for processes like etching, surface modification, and sterilization, providing a crucial step to the optimization and enhancing these applications.
Simultaneous photon blockade and bunching in giant atom-cavity system
Authors: Ma Kang-Jie , Liu Jie , Cai Yue , Tan Lei 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We propose an innovative model predicated on giant atom-cavity system, wherein three cavity modes are interconnected via nearest-neighbor photon tunneling, and a giant atom is simultaneously coupled with two single-mode cavities on each side. This model demonstrates both photon blockade and photon bunching effects simultaneously. Specifically, when the giant atom is weakly driven, the central cavity displays unconventional photon blockade with

g

b

(
2
)

(
0
)
≈
1

0

−
5.97

, while the side cavities exhibit photon bunching effects with

g

a

(
2
)

(
0
)
=

g

c

(
2
)

(
0
)
≈
1

0

4.85

due to the quantum interference and the anharmonicity of energy eigenvalues. This model introduces a fresh perspective for investigating intricate photon behaviors in multi-cavity systems.
Numerical simulation of electromagnetically induced transparency in composite metamaterial
Authors: Wang Junqiao , Sun Jingyi , Sun Shuai , Zhang Hao , Wang Qiaoqiao , Yang Jinyuan , Mei Yewen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In high-refractive-index dielectric nanostructure, the Mie resonance become evident, and the destructive interference of the radiation fields from electric and toroidal dipole moments results in the excitation of anapole state, which has the unique optical properties of a dark state and can support the excitation of more diverse optical phenomena, such as the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect. In this study, we performed numerical simulations of a composite metamaterial consisting of Si nanocubes and gold nanorods. The Au-Si composite structure produces an electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum based on the coupling of the optical dark channel (i. e. anapole state) and bright channel (i. e. localized surface plasmon resonance). By tailoring the surface structure of the dielectric Si cube, the surface charge and current distributions can be modified, and finally, the nonradiative anapole state may be influenced and manipulated. The results show that the modified metal/dielectric metamaterial can realize an electromagnetically induced transparency effect with a transmission of up to 95% and a refractive index sensitivity of 170 nm RIU−1.
Fabrication of three-layered aluminium-copper laminated composites using friction stir additive manufacturing
Authors: Choudhury Smrity , Thirugnanasambandam Arunkumar , Payak Viresh , Medhi Tanmoy , Saha Roy Barnik 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The current study employed the friction stir additive manufacturing (FSAM) method to fabricate three-layered laminated composite by utilizing 3 mm thick sheets of AA6061-T6 alloy (top and bottom layers) and pure Cu (middle layer). The feasibility of FSAM in producing high-performance Al/Cu/Al laminated composites was evaluated by analyzing the influence of tool rotational speed on the microstructure and mechanical properties. The composites were fabricated at rotational speeds of 900 rpm, 1200 rpm, and 1500 rpm; maintaining a traverse speed of 90 mm min−1 throughout the experiments. Changes in the weld morphology, macrostructure, microstructure, and intermetallic formation were noted and analyzed. The findings indicated that achieving macro defect-free joints is possible with a rotational speed of 1200 rpm. Detailed examinations via electron dispersive spectrum and x-ray diffraction revealed the presence of AlCu, Al2Cu and Al2Cu3 intermetallic compounds within the nugget zone. Significantly varied microhardness levels ranging from 59.4 to 143.7 HV0.1 were observed, corresponding to distinct microstructural features within the processed zone. The Al/Cu laminated composite exhibited an excellent combination of strength and ductility; a UTS of 214.6 MPa and an elongation of 23.4%. The findings showcase that utilizing FSAM presents an exceptional opportunity to fabricate novel Al/Cu multilayered composites with distinctive mechanical properties.
Shear viscosity of electrorheological complex plasmas
Authors: Shakoori Muhammad Asif , Rahim Iqra , Khan Misbah , Li Haipeng , Shahzad Aamir , He Maognag 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the behavior of shear viscosity for three-dimensional electrorheological complex plasmas (CPs) liquids by using the computational method (molecular dynamics simulations) under an external AC electric field (M

T
). The Green–Kubo formula is used to calculate the shear stress autocorrelation function (A

η
(t)) and their integrals (coefficients, η) under the influence of M

T
, across numerous values of CPs parameters. By comparing the presented simulation results obtained under the absence of M

T
(=0.0) and at equilibrium strength (M

T
= 0.007), we analyze and discuss their implications in relation to existing theoretical, simulation, and experimental findings. Our observations demonstrate that the M

T
significantly influences the shear viscosity (dynamics) of CPs. Simulation results demonstrated that decay, magnitude, and time of A

η
(t) gradually decreased with increasing the M

T
, and coefficients η increased in the order of magnitude as expected. These results identified three distinct regimes: a slight decrease in η at low M

T
intensities, high increase at intermediate, and a relatively constant behavior at higher M

T
intensities. We demonstrate that employing the Green–Kubo relation for effective interparticle potential in CPs yields safe, reliable, and accurate estimations of M

T
effects on shear viscosity. Our findings of η demonstrate the electrorheological characteristics of CPs, offering insights into phase transitions using electric fields.
Construction of exact solutions for a higher-order stochastic modified Gerdjikov–Ivanov model using the IMETF method
Authors: Khalifa Abeer , Ahmed Hamdy , Ahmed Karim K. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The multiplicative white noise in the Ito interpretation is included for the first time in the perturbed higher-order modified Gerdjikov–Ivanov (HMGI) equation, that is considered the focus of the current study. In this work, we investigate the suggested model using the improved modified extended tanh-function (IMETF) method with the goal of producing brilliant and unique solitons such as dark and bright solitons, singular and singular periodic solutions, hyperbolic wave solutions, Weierstrass elliptic doubly periodic solutions, rational, exponential function solutions and Jacobi elliptic functions (JEFs). These extracted solutions demonstrate the effectiveness and potency of the used methodology. The used method specifies our research objective, which is related to solitons. These obtained soliton solutions are useful resources for examining a range of phenomena when there is white noise present. We examine how various wave phenomena are affected by noise, with a special emphasis on soliton solutions. Our findings indicate that the phase component for the obtained solitons of the suggested governing model is the primary goal of the white noise. This study is the first to show the optical soliton solutions derived from the perturbed HMGI equation under multiplicative white noise influence. The contribution of our work is the application of this phenomenon to a model equation in a new context that neither has been studied nor discovered before for optical soliton solutions. With the derived findings, our knowledge of wave events in nonlinear optical systems has advanced significantly.