bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinct and Convergent Beneficial Effects of Estrogen and Insulin on Cognitive Function in Healthy Young Men
Authors: Krug Rosemarie , Beier Laura , Lämmerhofer Michael , Hallschmid Manfred 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Context
Systematic investigations into the cognitive impact of estradiol and insulin in male individuals are sparse, and it is unclear whether the 2 hormones interact to benefit specific cognitive functions in humans.

Objective
We investigated the acute effect of estradiol and insulin and of their combined administration on divergent (creative) and convergent (arithmetical) thinking as well as short-term and working verbal memory in healthy young men.

Methods
According to a 2 × 2 design, 2 groups of men (each n = 16) received a 3-day transdermal estradiol (100 µg/24 h) or placebo pretreatment and on 2 separate mornings were intranasally administered 160 IU regular human insulin and, respectively, placebo before completing a battery of cognitive tests; we also determined relevant blood parameters.

Results
Estrogen compared with placebo treatment induced a 3.5-fold increase in serum estradiol and suppressed serum testosterone concentrations by 70%. Estrogen in comparison to placebo improved creative performance, that is, verbal fluency and flexibility, but not arithmetical thinking, as well as verbal short-term memory, but not visuospatial memory. The combination of estrogen and insulin enhanced recognition discriminability at delayed verbal memory recall; insulin alone remained without effect.

Conclusion
Estrogen specifically enhances core aspects of creativity and verbal memory in young male individuals; delayed recognition memory benefits from the combined administration of estradiol and insulin. Our results indicate that insulin’s acute cognitive impact in young men is limited and not robustly potentiated by estradiol. Estradiol per se exerts a beneficial acute effect on creative and verbal performance in healthy young men.
GRASP55 restricts early-stage autophagy and regulates spatial organization of the early secretory network
Authors: Liu Jennifer Y. , Lin Yu-Hsiu Tony , Leidal Andrew M. , Huang Hector H. , Ye Jordan , Wiita Arun P. , Debnath Jayanta 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
There is great interest in understanding the cellular mechanisms controlling autophagy, a tightly regulated catabolic and stress-response pathway. Prior work has uncovered links between autophagy and the Golgi reassembly stacking protein of 55 kDa (GRASP55), but their precise interrelationship remains unclear. Intriguingly, both autophagy and GRASP55 have been functionally and spatially linked to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)­­-Golgi interface, broaching this compartment as a site where GRASP55 and autophagy may intersect. Here, we uncover that loss of GRASP55 enhances LC3 puncta formation, indicating that GRASP55 restricts autophagosome formation. Additionally, using proximity-dependent biotinylation, we identify a GRASP55 proximal interactome highly associated with the ER-Golgi interface. Both nutrient starvation and loss of GRASP55 are associated with coalescence of early secretory pathway markers. In light of these findings, we propose that GRASP55 regulates spatial organization of the ER-Golgi interface, which suppresses early autophagosome formation.
Trends in per-operative parameters and postoperative complications associated with coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG); A four-year retrospective study
Authors: Jan Azam , Hayat Muhammad Khizar , Khan Mohammad Ahmed Arsalan , Ullah Rafi 
Published: September 2021

Objective: To determine the patterns of per-operative parameters and early outcomes of patients that underwent CABG surgery during a four-year period.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in a tertiary care of hospital from November 2020 to January 2021. All the patients that underwent the isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) procedure were included in the study from June 2017 till June 2020. Data was collected on a data extraction form and stored in SPSS format which was analyzed for qualitative statistics keeping p<0.05 as significant. All the results were represented in the form of tables.
Results: A total of 1,613 patients were operated upon for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) procedure during the study period with 1,222 (75.8%) males and 391 (24.2%) females. Dyslipidemia (71.8%) was the most common risk factor. The average perfusion time decreased only slightly (~1 minute) from 96.01 minutes to 95.07 minutes (2017 to 2020). This change however was not significant (p=0.301). The rate of Left Internal Mammary Artery (LIMA) use stayed relatively stable over the 4-year period fluctuating between 88.7% and 92.9% (p=0.360). The average initial ICU stay (in hours), drain at 12 hours and 24 hours stays almost the same. The rate of mortality peaked in 2018 (4.76%) and subsequently fell to 3.57% by 2020.
Conclusion: More males underwent CABG surgery at this tertiary care hospital and the overall complication rate and per-operative parameters improved over the years. The non-risk stratified mortality in this study was found to be higher than developed nations.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.7.4315
How to cite this:Jan A, Hayat MK, Khan MAA, Ullah R. Trends in per-operative parameters and postoperative complications associated with coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG); A four-year retrospective study. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(7):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.7.4315
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Associations between self-efficacy, distress and anxiety in cancer patient-relative dyads visiting psychosocial cancer support services: Using actor-partner interdependence modelling
Authors: Lingens Solveigh P. , Schulz Florian , Müller Isabell , Schulz Holger , Bleich Christiane 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundPatients with cancer and their relatives often suffer from psychosocial burdens following a cancer diagnosis. Psychosocial cancer support services offer support for cancer patients and their relatives. Only a few studies have focused on associations of psychological factors within patient-relative dyads. This study aims to assess associations between the patients’ or relatives’ self-efficacy and their levels of distress and anxiety who seek help together at psychosocial cancer support centres.MethodsParticipants were recruited at two psychosocial cancer support centres in a major city in Germany. Patients with cancer and their relatives seeking support together received the questionnaire before their first support session. Self-efficacy was assessed with the Pearlin sense of mastery scale, distress with the distress thermometer and anxiety with the General Anxiety Disorder questionnaire (GAD-7). For the analysis, the actor-partner interdependence model was applied.ResultsThe data analysis was based on 41 patient-relative dyads (patients: 39% women, mean age 53.5; relatives: 66% women, mean age 52.16). A significant actor effect from self-efficacy to distress was found for patients (r= -0.47) but not for relatives (r= -0.15). Partner effects from self-efficacy to distress were not significant (r= -0.03,r= -0.001). The actor effect from self-efficacy to anxiety for patients (r= -0.61) as well as relatives was significant (r= -0.62), whereas the partner effect was significant for patients (r= 0.16) but not for relatives (r= -0.46).ConclusionThe results suggest that patients’ and relatives’ self-efficacy is associated with their distress and anxiety. Partner effects were visible for patients’ self-efficacy and relatives’ anxiety. These findings suggest that self-efficacy is an important factor for the psychological well-being of patients and relatives and that it may additionally be associated with the partners’ well-being. Longitudinal research with larger samples is needed to support the findings.
Trends of adult height in India from 1998 to 2015: Evidence from the National Family and Health Survey
Authors: Choudhary Krishna Kumar , Das Sayan , Ghodajkar Prachinkumar 
Published: September 2021

Aim
The aim of the study is to investigate the trends in adult height between two consecutive surveys of NHFS and explore differences across variables such as gender, wealth, social groups etc.

Methods
We used the NFHS-II (1998–99), NFHS–III (2005–2006) and NFHS-IV (2015–16) (all three for women and last two for men) data to examine the trends in average height. Comparison was done between the two age strata of 15–25 and 26–50 years, across both male and female, to assess the trends.

Results
Between NFHS-III and NFHS-IV, the average height of women in the age group of 15–25 showed a decline by 0.12 cm [95% CI, -0.24 to 0.00, p-0.051] while in the 26–50 years age strata it demonstrated significant improvement in the mean height by 0.13 cm [95% CI, 0.02 to 0.023, p-0.015]. However, Between NFHS III and IV, the average height of women in the poorest wealth index category registered a significant decline [-0.57cm, 95% CI, -076 to -0.37, p-0.000]. Between NFHS III and IV, the average height of Scheduled Tribe (ST) women in the age group of 15–25 years also exhibited a significant decline by 0.42 cm, [95% CI, -0.73 to -0.12, p-0.007]. Among men, between the two surveys, both the age groups of 15–25 years and 26–50 years showed significant decline in average height: 1.10 cm [95% CI, -1.31 to -.099 cm, p-0.00] and 0.86 cm [95% CI, -1.03 to -0.69, p-0.000], respectively.

Conclusion
In the context of an overall increase in average heights worldwide the decline in average height of adults in India is alarming and demands an urgent enquiry. The argument for different standards of height for Indian population as different genetic group needs further scrutiny. However, the trends from India clearly underline the need to examine the non-genetic factors also to understand the interplay of genetic, nutritional and other social and environmental determinants on height.
Changes in National Google Trends and Local Healthcare Utilization After High-Impact Gastroenterology Publications
Authors: Kamboj Amrit K. , Agarwal Siddharth , Chedid Victor G. , Iyer Prasad G. , Bailey Kent R. , Harmsen William S. , Katzka David A. 
Published: September 2021

INTRODUCTION:
We examined national Google Trends and local healthcare utilization after 3 high-impact gastroenterology publications.

METHODS:
Changes in US Google Trends and Olmsted County health utilization were studied.

RESULTS:
Publication views within 30 days were 51,458 (Imperiale), 49,759 (Pimentel), and 18,750 (Gomm). Colonoscopy searches (P = 0.04) and Cologuard tests performed (P < 0.01) increased while colonoscopies decreased (P < 0.01). Searches for rifaximin (P = 0.05), irritable bowel syndrome (P < 0.01), diarrhea (P < 0.01), and rifaximin prescriptions (P = 0.02) increased. Increase in hydrogen-2 blocker searches (P = 0.02) and prescriptions (P < 0.01) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (P < 0.01) and dementia office visits (P < 0.01) occurred.

DISCUSSION:
High-impact gastroenterology publications influence Google searches and local population-based healthcare utilization.
Gastroenterology Clinical Trials Transparency: An Analysis of Publication Rates From the ClinicalTrials.gov Database
Authors: Garg Shashank , Rizvi Anam , Wee Diana , Sreenivasan Aditya , Suchman Kelly , Thomas Sheila Louise , Inamdar Sumant , Trindade Arvind J. 
Published: September 2021

INTRODUCTION:
There is limited information on the transparency of gastroenterology clinical trials.

METHODS:
The ClinicalTrials.gov database was searched for trials focused on most common gastrointestinal diseases up to August 2018. Adherence to reporting of results to the database or in publication form was recorded for each trial along with trial characteristics.

RESULTS:
Of the 2,429 trials included in the final analysis, 1824 (75%, 95% confidence interval: 73.4%–76.8%) had results on ClinicalTrials.gov or in the form of a publication. However, only 534 (29%) had results posted on ClinicalTrials.gov.

DISCUSSION:
Improvement of clinical trial transparency is needed in gastroenterology.
Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Mobile Sources in Jombang Urban Area during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Niam Achmad Chusnun , Handriyono Rachmanu Eko , Hastuti Indah Puji , Kusuma Maritha Nila 
Published: September 2021

Pada Desember 2019, wabah penyakit pneumonia yang disebabkan oleh coronaviruse ditemukan Wuhan, China. Penyakit ini telah menyebar ke seluruh dunia hingga saat ini. Pemerintah Indonesia mengeluarkan kebijakan agar masyarakat tidak berkegiatan di tempat umum. Beberapa kawasan perkotaan mengalami penurunan jumlah kendaraan secara signifikan. Penelitian ini menganalisis emisi gas rumah kaca (GRK) dari sumber bergerak di Kabupaten Jombang ketika penerapan kebijakan PSBB di masa pandemi COVID-19. Metode analisis emisi gas rumah kaca menggunakan metode Tier 2 (Vehicle Kilometer Traveled) yang menggunakan pendekatan berdasarkan panjang perjalanan. Data primer diambil dengan traffic counting pada wilayah adminsitrasi kawasan perkotaan Jombang. Hasil penelitian menujukkan terdapat pengurangan kendaraan terutama angkutan umum seperti bus baik bus antar kota maupun antar provinsi. Berdasarkan wilayah administratif, Kecamatan Jombang memiliki emisi gas rumah kaca CO2eq tertinggi sebesar 119372,29 ton/tahun, diikuti oleh Kecamatan Perak sebesar 46.679,04 ton/tahun dan Kecamatan Diwek 52799,15 ton/tahun. Ruas jalan nasional di kawasan perkotaan jombang menjadi penyumbang emisi gas rumah kaca CO2eq tertinggi yaitu 113877,99 ton/tahun. ABSTRACTIn December 2019, an outbreak of pneumonia caused by the coronavirus was found in Wuhan, China. This disease has spread throughout the world until this time. The Indonesian government issued a policy so that people do not carry out activities in public places. Several urban areas have experienced a significant decrease in the number of vehicles. This study analyzes greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) from mobile sources in Jombang urban area during the implementation of the PSBB policy in COVID-19 pandemic. Analyzing greenhouse gas emissions method uses the Tier 2 (Vehicle Kilometer Traveled) method that uses an approach based on the length of the trip. Primary data was taken by traffic counting on the administration area of Jombang urban area. The results depicted that there was a reduction in vehicles, especially public transportation such as buses, both inter-city, and inter-provincial buses. Jombang District has the highest CO2eq greenhouse gas emissions of 119372.29 tons/year, followed by Perak District at 46679.04 tons/year and Diwek District 52799.15 tons/year. National roads in the Jombang urban area are the highest contributor to CO2eq greenhouse gas emissions, namely 113877.99 tons/year.
Spinoza’s Monism II: A Proposal
Authors: Primus Kristin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAn old question in Spinoza scholarship is how finite, non-eternal things transitively caused by other finite, non-eternal things (i. e., the entities described in propositions likeE1p28) are caused by the infinite, eternal substance, given that what follows either directly or indirectly from the divine nature is infinite and eternal (E1p21–23). In “Spinoza’s Monism I,”<fnote>“Spinoza’s Monism I,” in the previous issue of this journal.</fnote> I pointed out that most commentators answer this question by invoking entities that are indefinite and sempiternal, but argued that perhaps we should not be so quick to assume that in Spinoza’s system, an infinite and eternal substance could cause such indefinite, sempiternal entities. But if such eternal-durational causation is denied, then it seems harder to see how Spinoza’s system could be coherent: if Spinoza holds that the infinite, eternal substance cannot causeanythingthat is not infinite and not eternal, then how can he also hold thatallthings are modes immanently caused by substance (E1p15,E1p18,E1p25)? In this essay, I explain how Spinoza’s system could be understood in light of a denial of eternal-durational causation. On the interpretation I offer, God is the cause of all things and all things are modes because theessencesofallthings follow from the divine nature andallessences enjoy infinite, eternal reality as modes immanently caused by the infinite, eternal substance. The same non-substantial essences can also be conceived as enjoying non-infinite, non-eternal reality, but so conceived, they are enduring, finite (or sempiternal, indefinite) entities that cannot be conceived as modes caused by and inhering in the one infinite, eternal substance. I conclude by pointing out that if we take this interpretive route, we do have to understand Spinoza as committed to acosmism, or a denial of the reality of the world – at least the world of enduring, finite things.
Collateral Constraints, Wage Rigidity, and Jobless Recoveries
Authors: Föll Tobias 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The Great Recession has drawn attention to the importance of macro-financial linkages. In this paper I explore the joint role of imperfections in labor and financial markets for the cyclical adjustment of the labor market. I show that jobless recoveries emerge when, upon exiting a recession, firms are faced with deteriorating credit conditions. On the financial side, collateral requirements affect the cost of borrowing for firms. On the employment side, hiring frictions and wage rigidity increase the need for credit, making the binding collateral constraint more relevant. In a general equilibrium business cycle model with search and matching frictions, I illustrate that tightening credit conditions calibrated from data negatively affect employment adjustments during recovery periods. Wage rigidity substantially amplifies this mechanism, generating empirically plausible fluctuations in employment and output.
A liquid-culture-based screening approach to study compounds affecting inflammatory processes in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Nguyen Vu Thu Thuy , Meyer Sarah Christina , Rieger Hanna , Endres Kristina 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Discovery of biomedical drugs makes use of novel biological sources of limited availability and is often in need of fast, small-scale initial screening approaches. Here, we present a screening, based on the reporter Caenorhabditis elegans strain IG692, for identification of anti- and pro-inflammatory properties. The elaborated workflow is based on cultivation in fluid and by this, allows fast and reproducible seeding in 96 well plates. LPS and dexamethasone served as reliable controls, comparable to application in the human cell line THP-1. This in vivo approach offers a first step for selection of e.g. natural products or for repurposing of compounds from drug libraries and by this can serve as a tool in drug discovery for inflammatory human diseases.
Estimating causal effects with the neural autoregressive density estimator
Authors: Garrido Sergio , Borysov Stanislav , Rich Jeppe , Pereira Francisco 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The estimation of causal effects is fundamental in situations where the underlying system will be subject to active interventions. Part of building a causal inference engine is defining how variables relate to each other, that is, defining the functional relationship between variables entailed by the graph conditional dependencies. In this article, we deviate from the common assumption of linear relationships in causal models by making use of neural autoregressive density estimators and use them to estimate causal effects within Pearl’s do-calculus framework. Using synthetic data, we show that the approach can retrieve causal effects from non-linear systems without explicitly modeling the interactions between the variables and include confidence bands using the non-parametric bootstrap. We also explore scenarios that deviate from the ideal causal effect estimation setting such as poor data support or unobserved confounders.
Normativity in language teacher learning: ELF and theEuropean Portfolio for Student Teachers of Languages(EPOSTL)
Authors: Riegler Stefanie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAs with any proposal for a change in pedagogy, the starting point for implementation is teacher education. Suggestions have been put forward for an approach to English language teaching (ELT) which takes into account the lingua franca function language can fulfill. Frameworks for how teachers might adopt a pedagogy of English as a lingua franca (ELF), however, are inconsistent with current policy guidelines for student teacher learning. This concerns most notably those directives provided in theEuropean Portfolio for Student Teachers of Languages(EPOSTL), which is used in a growing number of teacher formation programs. This paper examines the ‘can-do’ statements which the EPOSTL proposes should represent the required methodological competences of language teachers. Using discourse analytic methods, the article explores what the EPOSTL portrays that prospective teachers need to know about language and how to teach it. It is argued that the language education policy represented by the EPOSTL is based on a conceptual perspective that can only impede the development of a genuinely reflective approach to the education of English language teachers and the implementation of an ELF pedagogy.
Examining authenticity from an ELF perspective: the development of listening test papers in Hong Kong (1986–2018)
Authors: Chan Jim Yee Him 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The present study examined the degree of situational and interactional authenticity in Hong Kong’s listening examination papers throughout the history of colonisation and globalisation (1986–2018) with reference to world Englishes and particularly English as a lingua franca (ELF) research. By means of a detailed content analysis, the evaluation of situational authenticity was based on the context of language use (e.g., speech event type, nature of interaction, identity and accent of interlocutor) in the audio samples, while the evaluation of interactional authenticity centred on the speaker’s use of communicative strategies. Our findings suggest that the speech samples generally reflected the changing situations of language use over time by increasingly adopting dialogue (rather than monologue) and locally/globally relevant language use contexts, but only included native-speaker and (from 2012) Hong Kong English accents as speech models. Despite the lack of non-standardness and speakers of different cultures in the speech samples, there were numerous instances of explicitness strategies relevant to ELF interactions throughout the sample, probably owing to the intent of the listening examination to highlight key information for the candidates. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of these trends in listening paper design for the future development of English language teaching from an ELF perspective.
Synthesize and characterization of conductive nano silver/graphene oxide composites
Authors: Li Shasha , Liu Xi , Qin Jianjia , Fang Changqing , Liu Nailiang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
To meet the high-precision needs of conductive ink in the field of microelectronic circuit printing, nano silver-coated graphene oxide (GO) composites were prepared as the conductive functional unit of the composites. The results show that compatibility of the GO grafted with ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether is better in the organic matrix than in the inorganic solvents. The nano silver particles attached to the surface of the grafted GO are evenly distributed and uniform in size. Moreover, the conductivity of grafted GO coated with silver particle composites is effectively improved. The composite conductivity is higher than 108 S/m, which is close to the electrical conductivity of silver.