bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sulfide mineral chemistry and platinum-group minerals of the UG-2 chromitite in the northern limb of the Bushveld Igneous Complex, South Africa
Authors: Langa Malose M. , Jugo Pedro J. , Leybourne Matthew I. , Grobler Danie F. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTThe UG-2 chromitite layer, with its elevated platinum-group element content, is a key marker horizon in the eastern and western limbs of the Bushveld Igneous Complex and the largest platinum-group element chromite-hosted resource of its kind in the world. In contrast, much less is known about its stratigraphic equivalent in the northern limb, the “UG-2 equivalent” (UG-2E) chromitite. Recent studies on chromite mineral chemistry show similarities between the UG-2 and sections of the UG-2E, but also that the UG-2E was partially contaminated by assimilation of local metasedimentary rocks. Here, we provide a detailed characterization of sulfide minerals and platinum-group minerals in a suite of samples from the UG-2E and compare the results with data obtained from a reference suite of samples from the UG-2. Results from petrographic observations, electron probe microanalysis, laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, quantitative evaluation of materials by scanning electron microscopy, and δ34S isotopes show that: (1) sulfide minerals in the UG-2E and UG-2 consist mainly of pentlandite-chalcopyrite-pyrrhotite, but pyrrhotite is significantly more abundant in the UG-2E and almost absent in the UG-2; (2) iron contents in pentlandite from the UG-2E are significantly higher than in the UG-2; (3) platinum-group element contents within sulfide minerals are different between the two chromitites; (4) UG-2E platinum-group minerals are dominated by arsenides and bismuthotellurides, and by alloys and platinum-group element-sulfide minerals in the UG-2; (5) sulfide mineral chemistry and δ34S values indicate some crustal contamination of the UG-2E; and (6) sulfide mineral and secondary silicate mineral textures in both the UG-2E and UG-2 are indicative of minor, millimeter- to centimeter-scale, hydrothermal alteration. From our observations and results, we consider the UG-2E chromitite in the northern limb to be the equivalent to the UG-2 in the eastern and western limbs that has been contaminated by assimilation of Transvaal Supergroup footwall rocks during emplacement. The contamination resulted in UG-2E sulfide mineral elemental contents and platinum-group mineral types and abundances that are distinct from those of the UG-2 in the rest of the Bushveld.
Acceleration of Solar Energetic Particles by the Shock of Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejection
Authors: Sow Mondal Shanwlee , Sarkar Aveek , Vaidya Bhargav , Mignone Andrea 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) shocks are known to accelerate particles and contribute significantly to solar energetic particle events. We have performed magnetohydrodynamic-particle in cell simulations of ICME shocks to understand the acceleration mechanism. These shocks vary in Alfvénic Mach numbers as well as in magnetic field orientations (parallel and quasi-perpendicular). We find that diffusive shock acceleration plays a significant role in accelerating particles in a parallel ICME shock. In contrast, shock drift acceleration (SDA) plays a pivotal role in a quasi-perpendicular shock. High-Mach shocks are seen to accelerate particles more efficiently. Our simulations suggest that background turbulence and local particle velocity distribution around the shock can indirectly hint at the acceleration mechanism. Our results also point toward a few possible in situ observations that could validate our understanding of the topic.
Analyzing the Intrinsic Magnetic Field in the Galactic Center Radio Arc
Authors: Paré Dylan M. , Purcell Cormac R. , Lang Cornelia C. , Morris Mark R. , Green James A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Radio Arc is a system of organized nonthermal filaments (NTFs) located within the Galactic center (GC) region of the Milky Way. Recent observations of the Radio Arc NTFs revealed a magnetic field that alternates between being parallel and rotated with respect to the orientation of the filaments. This pattern is in stark contrast to the predominantly parallel magnetic field orientations observed in other GC NTFs. To help elucidate the origin of this pattern, we analyze spectro-polarimetric data of the Radio Arc NTFs using an Australian Telescope Compact Array data set covering the continuous frequency range from ∼4 to 11 GHz at a spectral resolution of 2 MHz. We fit depolarization models to the spectral polarization data to characterize Faraday effects along the line of sight. We assess whether structures local to the Radio Arc NTFs may contribute to the unusual magnetic field orientation. External Faraday effects are identified as the most likely origin of the rotation observed for the Radio Arc NTFs; however, internal Faraday effects are also found to be likely in regions of parallel magnetic field. The increased likelihood of internal Faraday effects in parallel magnetic field regions may be attributed to the effects of structures local to the GC. One such structure could be the Radio Shell local to the Radio Arc NTFs. Future studies are needed to determine whether this alternating magnetic field pattern is present in other multi-stranded NTFs, or is a unique property resulting from the complex interstellar region local to the Radio Arc NTFs.
Hard X-Ray Irradiation Potentially Drives Negative AGN Feedback by Altering Molecular Gas Properties
Authors: Kawamuro Taiki , Ricci Claudio , Izumi Takuma , Imanishi Masatoshi , Baba Shunsuke , Nguyen Dieu D. , Onishi Kyoko 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
To investigate the role of active galactic nucleus (AGN) X-ray irradiation on the interstellar medium (ISM), we systematically analyzed Chandra and Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array CO (J = 2–1) data for 26 hard X-ray (>10 keV) selected AGNs at redshifts below 0.05. While Chandra unveils the distribution of X-ray-irradiated gas via Fe-Kα emission, the CO (J = 2–1) observations reveal that of cold molecular gas. At high resolutions ≲1″, we derive Fe-Kα and CO (J = 2–1) maps for the nuclear 2″ region and for the external annular region of 2″–4″, where 2″ is ∼100–600 pc for most of our AGNs. First, focusing on the external regions, we find the Fe-Kα emission for six AGNs above 2σ. Their large equivalent widths (≳1 keV) suggest a fluorescent process as their origin. Moreover, by comparing the 6–7 keV/3–6 keV ratio, as a proxy of Fe-Kα, and CO (J = 2–1) images for three AGNs with the highest significant Fe-Kα detections, we find a possible spatial separation. These suggest the presence of X-ray-irradiated ISM and the change in the ISM properties. Next, examining the nuclear regions, we find that (1) the 20–50 keV luminosity increases with the CO (J = 2–1) luminosity; (2) the ratio of CO (J = 2–1)/HCN (J = 1–0) luminosities increases with 20–50 keV luminosity, suggesting a decrease in the dense gas fraction with X-ray luminosity; and (3) the Fe-Kα-to-X-ray continuum luminosity ratio decreases with the molecular gas mass. This may be explained by a negative AGN feedback scenario: the mass accretion rate increases with gas mass, and simultaneously, the AGN evaporates a portion of the gas, which possibly affects star formation.
The Value of Ultrasound Elastography in Diffuse Thyroid Disease among a Sample of Iraqi Population
Authors: Abdulwahid Hiba Mohammed , Hussien Lubna Ali , Kamal Areege Mustafa 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Early detection of many thyroid disorders is essential in the management. Ultrasound elastography is beneficial in the assessment of diffuse thyroid diseases.
Aim of study: To assess the role of ultrasound strain elastography in the diagnosis of diffuse non nodular thyroid disease in comparison to healthy controls and in the characterization and differentiation of the types of diffuse thyroid diseases.
Patients and methods: It is a prospective analytic study performed in the Radiology Department of Oncology Teaching Hospital/Medical city Complex in Baghdad during the period from 1st of December 2019 to 30th of June, 2020 on convenient sample of 25 patients with diffuse thyroid disease, in addition to a sample of 25 healthy control persons. The diagnosis of diffuse thyroid diseases was made by combination of clinical symptoms, laboratory investigations and thyroid ultrasound.
Results: The mean elastography strain ratio (1.36) of patients with diffuse thyroid disease was significantly higher than (0.82) mean of elastography strain ratio for healthy control persons (p<0.001). The acceptable cutoff elastography strain ratio in the diagnosis of diffuse thyroid disease was 0.89 with validity results (80% sensitivity, 70% specificity and 75% accuracy). The mean elastography strain ratio for patients with Hashimotos thyroiditis was significantly higher than the strain ratio of patients with Graves disease (p=0.002).
Conclusions: The ultrasound elastography is useful in the assessment and characterization of diffuse thyroid disease. The ultrasound elastography strain ratio value is helpful in differentiation between different diffuse thyroid diseases especially between Hashimotos thyroiditis and Graves's disease
Molecular Docking Approach of Natural Compound from Herbal Medicine in Java against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 Receptor
Authors: Yueniwati Yuyun , Rizki Syaban Mokhamad Fahmi , Faratisha Icha Farihah Deniyati , Yunita Khadijah Cahya , Kurniawan Dedy Budi , Putra Gumilar Fardhani Ami , Erwan Nabila Erina 
Published: December 2021

Indonesia's diversity of natural resources presents an intriguing opportunity for the exploration of potential herbal medicines. Numerous compounds, both purified and crude, have been reported to exhibit antiviral activity. The ACE-2 receptor may be a therapeutic target for SARS-CoV-2 infection. We used a search engine to search for herbal medicines with ACE-2 inhibitory activity to predict the potential inhibition of natural compounds (i.e., theaflavin, deoxypodophyllotoxin, gallocatechin, allicin, quercetin, annonamine, Curcumin, 6-gingerol, and cucurbitacin B) to SARS-CoV2 – ACE-2 complex. We performed molecular docking analysis using the ACE-2 protein target from Protein Data Bank. Protein stabilization was carried out to adjust to the body's physiology, carried out using Pymol by removing water atoms and adding hydrogen atoms. Ligands of active compounds from natural resources were selected and downloaded from the PubChem database, then optimized by Pymol software. The complexes of the tested ligand compounds and ACE-2 receptors, which have a bond strength smaller than the control were selected for analysis. Theaflavin, Deoxypodophyllotoxin, Gallocatechin, Curcumin, and Cucurbitacin B had a strong bond affinity than the control ligands. Based on our data, deoxypodophylotoxin and Curcumin had the same interaction amino acid residus compare to the control ligand. This study concludes that deoxypodophyllotoxin and Curcumin have the greatest potential to inhibit the formation of the SARS-Cov2-ACE-2 complex; additionally, these compounds exhibit favorable pharmacological and pharmacodynamic properties. It is suggested that additional research be conducted to determine the biological effects of deoxypodopyllotoxin and Curcumin on ACE-2 receptors.
Top 50 medical journals from Balkan countries: A bibliometric analysis, 2000&ndash;2020
Authors: Aydoğan Okan , Kayan-Tekaüt Gizem 
Published: December 2021

Background: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) is one of the most important indexes that medical journals aspire to be covered by. Currently, SCIE indexes 14,840 peer-reviewed journals across 178 disciplines. Among these journals are 3445 medical journals, divided into more than 40 subject categories.
Objectives: To reveal the impact and contribution of medical journals from Balkan countries through the Journal Impact Factor of those journals, the number of articles published by them, and the number of times those articles have been cited.
Methods: Balkan countries are countries that fall or fully or partly within the Balkan peninsula. All medical journals from those countries listed in the SCIE were ranked based on cumulative citations between 2000 and 2020. Among them, the top 50 journals in terms of cumulative citations were chosen for the study, which analysed the data on 129,259 research articles and reviews that covered 27 different subject categories within the broad field of medicine. The countries were Bosnia &amp; Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, and Turkey
Results: The top 50 journals included those published from eight Balkan countries. Turkey had the most journals (21) in the Web of Science (WoS) and Greece had 13 but, when ranked in terms of the number of journals in WoS per million people, Croatia topped the list, with 1.22 journals per million of its population, followed by Greece (1.21 journals). The top-cited journals were Anticancer Research (206,226 citations), International Journal of Oncology (171,654), Oncology Reports (157,467), Molecular Medicine Reports (82,009), and Oncology Letters (69,161). Oncology was the most cited subject category and Croatia, the country with maximum interaction with other Balkan countries, that is, papers in Croatian journals cited journals published from the maximum number of Balkan counties.
Conclusion: The study provides insights into the last two decades of progress in academic publishing and in the performances of medical journals published from Balkan countries.
« Sur le vif » – Réflexions en chemin pour un débat qui commence à l’intérieur de soi-même
Authors: Marmilloud Laure 
Published: December 2021

Je suis, à nouveau, provoquée dans ma conscience. M’est-il possible de chercher à « penser contre moi-même » ? Ne serait-ce que pour écouter sérieusement les raisons invoquées par ceux qui sont demandeurs d’une évolution de la législation ? Puis-je tester l’ancrage des raisons qui me font, d’abord, regarder la légalisation de l’euthanasie avec crainte ; et non comme un bienfait pour une poignée de personnes qui se sentiront respectées, le moment venu, dans leur choix ?
Éthique et soin
Authors: Kerbiriou Carole 
Published: December 2021

Il peut être difficile de ne pas réagir avec le coeur ou les tripes face à certaines situations, plus touchantes que d’autres, en résonance avec l’histoire personnelle. Pourtant le monde affectif du soignant déborde tellement parfois qu’il ne tient plus dans un casier de vestiaire. Comment rester vigilant sur les mouvements subtils de la relation ? Comment faire la différence entre un geste affectueux humanisant et une prise en affection d’un patient ?
Edgar Morin dans la recherche en gestion : une revue systématique de la littérature et des voies de recherche possibles
Authors: Bouiss Ousama 
Published: December 2021

Quelle est la contribution réelle de la « pensée complexe » d’Edgar Morin à la recherche en gestion ? Dans quelles mesures cette dernière pourrait-elle présenter un intérêt pour le progrès de la connaissance scientifique au sein des sciences de gestion ? C’est à ces deux questions que nous tentons de réfléchir dans cet article en nous appuyant sur une revue systématique de la littérature (1988-2018) en sciences de gestion des travaux mobilisant la « pensée complexe ». Si la contribution d’Edgar Morin reste encore marginale, la richesse de son œuvre ainsi que la littérature existante en sciences de gestion semblent ouvrir des voies fertiles tant pour la recherche que l’enseignement.
Voyage dans la pensée d’Edgar Morin
Authors: Pilnière Véronique , Gélize Maïalen 
Published: December 2021

Nous sommes toutes les deux enseignants-chercheurs au sein d’une école d’ingénieurs. Si nous sommes aujourd’hui persuadées de l’intérêt que peut représenter la prise en compte de la pensée complexe pour aborder le monde dans lequel nous évoluons, nous sommes tout aussi conscientes du cheminement qui a été le nôtre, depuis des années, pour commencer à apprivoiser la pensée complexe d’Edgar Morin. De par l’éducation que nous avons reçue, nous ne sommes en effet pas préparés à une telle remise en question de nos certitudes. Dans le cadre de cette contribution, nous souhaitons partager notre rencontre au travers d’une expérience de co-construction et d’animation d’une formation (sensibilisation) intitulée « Réflexivité et complexité en conduite de projet ». Cette contribution vise à présenter cette formation et se focalisera surtout sur sa construction et son animation (comment nous l’avons co-construite et l’avons animée ?).
Understanding the Project Management Methodology Selection and Implementation Process in Sri Lankan Software Industry
Authors: Koggalahewa Lahiru , Abeysekera Ruwan 
Published: December 2021

The growth and acceptance of management of projects in organizations is on the increase. Change in organizations is inevitable in a dynamic business environment. The fundamental objective of project management is to deliver a project within its time, cost, and resources constraints. Organizations select their project management methodology (PMM) among many PMMs’ available. However, there is no rational criteria in which an organization uses to select their PMM. Given this context, this study investigates the factors affecting the selection and implementation process of PMM. Multiple case study method was used, and data were gathered by conducting 6 in-depth interviews with senior managerial personnel in software organizations. The analysis concludes with how PMM selection, adoption and implementation are carried out in the region with a strategic point of view. The study reveals five dimension that affect the process selection and implementation process. Namely, Internal, External, Process, Content, and Customer. The study takes complex managerial view in organizational transitions and change management, cultural aspects, individual and organizational social values embedded with the organization. The study contributes to the project management knowledge as there has been a dearth of studies conducted on this area. Furthermore, by focusing on the contextual factors of software industry in Sri Lanka, the study fills a gap in the literature. Also, the study derives a proper processual plan for the selection and adoption process of PMM, which should help inform future strategies in this field.
Exploration of Human Lung-Resident Immunity and Response to Respiratory Viral Immunization in a Humanized Mouse Model
Authors: Wang Yixin , Wang Lei , Fu Cong , Wang Xue , Zuo Siyao , Shu Chang , Shan Yanhong , He Jin , Zhou Qi , Li Wei , Yang Yong-Guang , Hu Zheng , Hua Shucheng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
There are urgent needs for humanized mouse models of viral respiratory diseases to study immunopathogenesis and therapeutic interventions. Although human immune system (HIS) mice permit analysis in real time of human immune responses in vivo, evolutionary divergences preclude their usefulness for the respiratory viruses that do not infect mouse lungs. In this study, we sought to use HIS mice with human lung (HL) tissue xenografts (HISL mice) to address this issue. The grafted HL tissue maintained histologically normal structure, and populated with human tissue-resident immune cells, including CD11c+ dendritic cells and CD4+ and CD8+ tissue-resident memory T cells. HISL mice showed a marked expansion of tissue-resident memory T cells and generation of viral Ag-specific T cells in the HL xenografts, and production of antiviral IgM and IgG Abs upon immunization of the HL xenograft by H1N1 influenza viruses. RNA-seq analysis on H1N1-infected and control HL xenografts identified a total of 5089 differentially expressed genes with enrichments for genes involved in respiratory diseases, viral infections, and associated immune responses. Furthermore, prophylactic viral exposures resulted in protection against subsequent lethal challenge by intranasal viral inoculation. This study supports the usefulness of this preclinical model in exploring the immunopathology and therapies of respiratory viral diseases.
Quantification Method and Training Load Changes in High School Cross-Country Runners Across a Competitive Season
Authors: Garcia Micah C. , Pexa Brett S. , Ford Kevin R. , Rauh Mitchell J. , Bazett-Jones David M. 
Published: December 2021

Context
Running programs traditionally monitor external loads (eg, time and distance). Recent efforts have encouraged a more comprehensive approach to also account for internal loads (eg, intensity, measured as the session rating of perceived exertion [sRPE]). The combination of external and internal loads accounts for the possible interaction between these loads. Although weekly changes in training loads have been reported between external loads and the combination of external and internal loads during 2- and 4-week training cycles, no authors have indicated whether these differences occur during an entire cross-country season in high school runners.

Objective
To compare changes in training loads, as measured by (1) external loads and (2) combined external and internal loads in high school runners during an interscholastic cross-country season.

Design
Case series.

Setting
Community-based setting with daily online surveys.

Patients or Other Participants
Twenty-four high school cross-country runners (females = 14, males = 10, age = 15.9 ± 1.1 years, running experience = 9.9 ± 3.2 years).

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Week-to-week percentage changes in training load were measured by external loads (time, distance) and combined external and internal loads (time × sRPE [timeRPE] and distance × sRPE [distanceRPE]).

Results
Overall, the average weekly change was 7.1% greater for distanceRPE than for distance (P = .04, d = 0.18). When the weekly running duration decreased, we found the average weekly change was 5.2% greater for distanceRPE than for timeRPE (P = .03, d = 0.24). When the weekly running duration was maintained or increased, the average weekly change was 10% to 15% greater when external and internal loads were combined versus external loads alone, but these differences were nonsignificant (P = .11–.22, d = 0.19–0.34).

Conclusions
Progression in the training load may be underestimated when relying solely on external loads. The interaction between internal loads (sRPE) and external loads (distance or time) appears to provide a different measure of the training stresses experienced by runners than external loads alone.
Trends in Cardiac Care Utilization under Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana, India
Authors: Naib Parul , Kumar Pulkit , Chandrashekar Sudha , Smith Owen , Chhabra Sheena 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Ayushman Bharat, the flagship scheme of the Government of India, was launched in September 2018 to achieve the vision of universal health coverage in India.

Objectives:
One of the important components of Ayushman Bharat is the Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojna (PM-JAY) that provides a benefit cover of INR 5 lakhs per family per year for secondary and tertiary care hospitalization.

Methods:
The present study explores key trends in the utilization of cardiac care packages under the Ayushman Bharat AB PM-JAY. This would have an implication in making cardiac care more accessible by bridging the existing gaps in cardiac care delivery under PM-JAY. All cardiac claims under PM-JAY were analyzed for a period of 17 months (from the inception of the scheme in September 2018 to February 2020).

Results:
The analysis shows that claims from cardiac (cardiology as well as cardiothoracic and vascular surgery) specialty accounted for 5% of the total PM-JAY claim volume, however, it shares in the total claim volume. It was significantly higher at 26% indicating that a very high proportion of the scheme was utilized to provide free cardiac care to beneficiaries coming from the poorest segment of the population.

Conclusion:
The analysis also indicates significant variation in the supply of the cardiac facilities and the need to further develop health infrastructure for cardiac care, particularly in certain states where the supply is found to be inadequate.