bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The True Infection Mortality Rate of COVID-19 During the Spring 2020 Wave
Authors: De Visscher Alex , Patricio Paolla Pinheiro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Estimations of the infection mortality rate of COVID-19, the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, are prone to biases due to underdiagnosis, false positives, false negatives, and time lag between diagnosis and death. With a systematic analysis that combines epidemiological modeling of COVID-19 in Spain and in the state of New York, and results of random immunological testing in the spring of 2020 in both locations, most of the bias is eliminated and any remaining bias is evaluated and reported as an uncertainty estimate. A true infection mortality rate of 1.45 ± 0.45 % is obtained, representing an average for the two locations, and obtained with a different technique to minimize the effect of potential biases. In the absence of specific local data, this number can be used for the first wave of COVID-19 in OECD countries. This mortality rate estimate of the new coronavirus is sufficiently accurate to be used as a basis for policy decisions. When differences in age distribution between Spain and the state of New York are accounted for, tentative infection mortality rates of 1.18 ± 0.26 % and 1.94 ± 0.43 % are put forward for New York and Spain, respectively.
The clinical and MRI effect of TNF-α inhibitor in spondyloarthritis patients with hip involvement: a real-world prospective clinical study
Authors: Zhang Kui , Zheng Yan , Han Qing , Liu Ying , Wang Weitao , Ding Jin , Zheng Minwen , Zheng Zhaohui , Zhu Ping 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Hip involvement is an important cause of disability and poor prognostic in patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA). TNF-α inhibitor treatment had been demonstrated to be effective in SpA patients with hip arthritis, however, quantitative assessment with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the long-term follow-up still needs further application.Methods: A total of 239 patients were involved in this study, MTX and SSZ were given as basic treatment. 165 patients received TNF-α inhibitor plus basic treatment and 74 patients received basic treatment only as control. The clinical symptoms were assessed at baseline, week 12, week 24, and week 52. The MRI performances of hip arthritis including bone marrow edema (BME) and synovitis were quantitatively assessed using Hip MRI Inflammation Scoring System (HIMRISS).Results: The clinical symptoms of ESR, CRP, BASDAI, Harris, and ASDAS-ESR of both groups got significant clinical remission at week 52 (p<0.001). However, the disease activity change levels at week 52 in control group were significantly worse than TNF group. In week 52, MRI performance showed significant remission trend in TNF-α inhibitor group versus baseline of which total HIMRISS scores decreased significantly ( 26.49±10.37 vs 20.59±9.41, p<0.001), but the control group only had slight improvement trend (p<0.05).Conclusions: TNF-α inhibitor could significantly and better improve the clinical and MRI manifestation of hip involvement in SpA patients than controls. Quantitative MRI assessment combined with clinical assessment could accurately evaluate the treatment effect of TNF-α for SpA patients with hip involvement, and help to guide targeted treatment.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR-ONRC-11001846, Registered 28 November 2011. Retrospectively registered http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=7701
Assessment of a combined strategy of seasonal malaria chemoprevention and supplementation with Vitamin A, Zinc and Plumpy’DozTM to prevent malaria and malnutrition in children under five years old in Burkina Faso: a randomized open label trial (SMC-NUT)
Authors: Sondo Paul , TAHITA Marc Christian , ROUAMBA Toussaint , DERRA Karim , KABORE Berenger , COMPAORE Cheick Saïd , OUEDRAOGO Florence , ROUAMBA Eli , ILBOUDO Hamidou , BAMBARA Estelle , NANA Macaire , SAWADOGO Edmond , SORGHO Herman , SOME Athanase Mwinessobaonfou , VALEA Innocent , DAHAL Prabin , TRAORE/COULIBALY Maminata , TINTO Halidou 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
• Background: Malaria and malnutrition represent major public health concerns worldwide especially in Sub-Sahara Africa. Despite implementation of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprophylaxis (SMC), an intervention aimed at reducing malaria incidence among children aged 3-59 months, the burden of malaria and associated mortality among children below age 5 years remains high in Burkina Faso. Malnutrition, in particular micronutrient deficiency, appears to be one of the potential factors that can negatively affect the effectiveness of SMC. Treating micronutrient deficiencies is known to reduce the incidence of malaria in highly prevalent malaria zone such as rural settings. Therefore, we hypothesized that a combined strategy of SMC together with a daily oral nutrients supplement will enhance the immune response and decrease the incidence of malaria and malnutrition among children under SMC coverage.• Methods: Children (6-59 months) under SMC coverage receiving Vitamin A supplementation will be randomly assigned to one of the three study arms (a) SMC+ Vitamin A alone, (b) SMC + Vitamin A + Zinc, or (c) SMC+ Vitamin A + Plumpy’DozTM using 1:1:1 allocation ratio. After each SMC monthly distribution, children will be visited at home to confirm drug administration and followed-up for one year. Anthropometric indicators will be recorded at each visit and blood samples will be collected for microscopy slides, hemoglobin measurement and spotted onto filter paper for further PCR analyses. The primary outcome measure is the incidence of malaria in each arm. Secondary outcome measures will include mid-upper arm circumference and weight gain from baseline measurements, coverage and compliance to SMC, occurrence of adverse events (AEs), and prevalence of molecular markers of antimalarial resistance comprising Pfcrt, Pfmdr1, Pfdhfr and Pfdhps.• Discussion: This study will demonstrate an integrated strategy of malaria and malnutrition programs in order to mutualize resources for best impact. By relying on existing strategies, the policy implementation of this joint intervention will be scalable at country and regional levels• Trial registration NCT04238845 23/01/2020 Clinicaltrials.govhttps://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/action/LoginUser?ts=1&cx=-jg9qo4
Adapted functional training versus Mat Pilates in motor and non-motor symptoms of individuals with Parkinson's disease: study protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial Functional training versus Mat Pilates in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Moratelli Jéssica , Alexandre Kettlyn Hames , Boing Leonessa , Vieira Melissa de Carvalho Souza , Guimarães Adriana Coutinho de Azevedo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Motor and non-motor symptoms affect the life of those living with Parkinson's disease, and it is clear that exercise offers benefits in these aspects. However, the effects of adapted functional training interventions and the Mat Pilates as a form of rehabilitation for the disease in question have not yet been established. Thus, this study aims to propose an adapted functional training protocol and Mat Pilates for individuals with Parkinson's disease and to evaluate the effects on motor symptoms (balance, cardiorespiratory fitness, lower and upper limb strength, flexibility and agility), as well as , in non-motor symptoms (cognition, depressive symptoms, mood state, anxiety and finitude) by means of a randomized controlled trial. Methods: Protocol for a randomized clinical trial in which 45 individuals with Parkinson's disease will be recruited and randomly allocated to one of three groups: (1) functional training; (2) Mat Pilates; (3) control group. Both intervention groups will have 60-minute classes twice a week for 12 weeks. The primary outcome will be analyzed by balancing with the Mini-BESTest test. Secondary outcomes will include cognition, aging perspective, mood, anxiety, depression, mobility, muscle strength, handgrip strength, flexibility, range of motion, and cardiorespiratory fitness. The evaluations will be performed in the pre-intervention period (baseline), after 12 weeks of intervention, after 3 months, 6 months and 1 year of intervention. Discussion: This will be the first randomized trial to compare the effects of functional training and Mat Pilates in a population with Parkinson's disease. It is hypothesized that improvements in motor and non-motor symptoms will be greater and more lasting after functional training and Mat Pilates interventions than those that maintain their routine activities, given the benefits of exercise and the unprecedented protocols in this disease.Trial registrationRegistry name: Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos (ReBEC)Registration number: RBR-6ckggnDate of registration: September 29, 2020. Trial was prospectively registered
The Molecular Targets of Cannabinoids in the Treatment of Cancer and Inflammation
Authors: Aylar Alenabi , Hassan Malekinejad 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
In this review, we discuss the emerging evidence for the effectiveness of cannabinoids in
the treatment of cancer and inflammation. The remarkable effects of this study will help in supporting the traditional
evidence for their successful application in the treatment of pain and cancer-related side effects.

Methods:
We searched Pub Med (132 articles) and Google scholar (9 articles) databases and gathered the clinical
(4 articles), and preclinical (28 articles) studies, reports on cell culture models (30 articles), and other original
and review articles (78 articles) related to inflammation, cancer, and cannabinoids.

Results:
Cannabinoids are described in three different forms, comprising endo- phyto- and synthetic compounds
that exert biological effects. The molecular and cellular pathways of endogenous cannabinoids in the
maintenance of homeostasis are well documented. In addition to classical cannabinoid receptors type 1 and 2,
Vanilloid receptors and G protein-coupled receptor 55 were identified as common receptors. Subsequently, the
effectiveness of phyto- and synthetic cannabinoids mediated by cannabinoid receptors has been demonstrated
in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases as well as gastrointestinal and
respiratory inflammations. Another accepted property of cannabinoids is their anti-cancer effects. Cannabinoids
were found to be effective in the treatment of lung, colorectal, prostate, breast, pancreas, and hepatic cancers.
The anti-cancer effects of cannabinoids were characterized by their anti-proliferative property, inhibition of cancer
cell migration, suppression of vascularization, and induction of apoptosis.

Conclusion:
The current review provides and overview the role of endocannabinoid system in the mediation of physiological functions, the type and expression of cannabinoids receptors under physiological and pathological conditions. In additions, the molecular pathways involved in the effects of cannabinoids and the effectiveness of cannabinoids in the treatment of inflammations and cancers are highlighted.
Arsenite Induced Conformational Changes and Aggregation in Human
Serum Albumin (HSA) and its Prevention by Naringin
Authors: Fatima Shamila , Arshad Fareeha , Amani Samreen 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Heavy metals and metalloids like arsenic, cadmium, mercury acts as denaturing
agent for biomolecules. They interfere with protein’s physiological activity by forming a
complex with the protein’s side chain or removing the essential metal ions from metalloproteins
and replacing them. Protein aggregation is an extensive phenomenon in a cell and is linked with
various pathological conditions.

Aim:
In this study, we aim to prove that proteins are highly susceptible to arsenite toxicity by
arsenite-induced protein aggregation; and that naringin reduces the aggregation effect.

Methods:
Several biophysical techniques were employed to study the protein aggregation due to
arsenite and its prevention by naringin.

Results:
Through our experiments, the results showed that aggregation induced by arsenite was reduced
in the presence of naringin at twice the concentration of arsenite.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, our study showed that naringin plays a protective role during HSA aggregation
due to arsenite.
Ferulago angulata as a Good Radioprotector Against Genotoxicity
Authors: Torabizadeh Seyedeh Atekeh , Moshafi Mohammad-Hassan , Mohamadnezhad Farnaz , Jomehzadeh Ali , Khodaei Maryam , Fekri Hojjat Samareh 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:
Natural products can be used as radioprotector agents because of containing
phenolic compounds and several flavonoids with antioxidant properties. When the normal cells
are exposed to ionizing radiation, they generate free radicals and reactive oxygen species that can
cause damage in DNA, which leads to cellular dysfunction or even cell death. However, it is necessary
to identify new radioprotective agents to protect normal cells. Ferulago angulata (F.
angulata), a medicinal plant, can be used as a new radioprotective agent.

Purpose:
In this study, the radioprotective effect of F. angulata was evaluated against genotoxicity
and oxidative stress induced by ionizing radiation in human blood lymphocytes.

Methods:
The antioxidant activity of F. angulata was assayed using FRAP and DPPH methods.
Then, the human blood samples were incubated with F. angulata at different concentrations (25,
50, 100, and 200 μM) and subsequently exposed to IR at a dose of 2Gy. The radioprotective effect
of F. angulata on the exposed cells was assessed by the micronucleus (MN) method. Also, biomarkers
of oxidative stress in the exposed cells were evaluated by malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide
dismutase (SOD) methods.

Results:
Our findings showed that F. angulata reduced the frequency of MN induced by IR in exposed
cells. At a 200 μM concentration of F. angulata, the maximum reduction in the frequency of
MN (63.11%) was observed that demonstrated a high degree of radioprotection. Afterward, pretreatment
at 200 μM concentration of F. angulata inhibited oxidative stress in irradiated lymphocytes,
leading to a reduction in MN frequency and MDA levels while SOD activity was enhanced
in the exposed cells.

Conclusion:
F. angulata as a natural radioprotective agent can protect normal cells against reactive
oxygen species and genetic damage induced by IR.
A caixa de Pandora
Authors: Fernandez Hugo Matos 
Published: April 2021

Hugo Carvalho de Matos Fernandez
Licenciado em História pela Faculdade de Letras da Universidade Clássica de Lisboa e Doutorado em Sociologia pela Universidade de Évora, com uma tese sobre “Discursos de Poder na Transição do Antigo Regime para o Liberalismo” (2010).
Investigador integrado do Centro de Investigação em Ciência Política da Universidade de Évora.

A caixa de Pandora
Discussão do processo eleitoral no primeiro liberalismo português

RESUMO
A implantação do liberalismo em Portugal e a consagração do princípio da soberania nacional através dos mecanismos da representação política fizeram da questão eleitoral uma matéria de enorme relevo. Não admira, por isso, a extensão e o detalhe com que as questões ligadas ao processo eleitoral são debatidas no parlamento vintista aquando da elaboração da nossa primeira Constituição (1822). Num momento em que se comemora o bicentenário do nosso primeiro período liberal (1820-1823), a matéria eleitoral reflete não só as incidências de uma conjuntura histórica problemática, como a essência do sistema social e político que se queria estabelecer, nomeadamente na construção da relação complexa entre liberalismo e democracia.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE:
Liberalismo, soberania nacional, cidadania, eleições, modalidades e tipos de escrutínio

Pandora’s box
Electoral debate in the first portuguese liberalism

ABSTRACT:
The implantation of liberalism in Portugal and the consecration of national sovereignty principle through the mechanisms of political representation have made of the electoral question a matter of huge relevance. No wonder the extension and detail in which the issues connected with the electoral process were debated in the vintista parliament when our first Constitution (1822) was being elaborated. In a time in which is celebrated the bicentennial anniversary of our first liberal period (1820-1823), electoral matter reflects not only the occurrences of a problematic history conjuncture, but the essence of the social and political system that where to be established, namely upon the complex relation between liberalism and democracy.

KEYWORDS:
Liberalism, national sovereignty, citizenship, elections, polling modalities and types
KAIN TENUN IKAT SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN IPS DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Pingge Heronimus Delu , Haingu Rahel Maga 
Published: April 2021

Kain tenun ikat merupakan warisan budaya, Sumba yang memiliki motif beragam serta memiliki nilai-nilai budaya sehingga urgen untuk dilakukan penelitian. Penelitian ini bertujuan, 1) Mengidentifikasi fauna dan flora pada motif kain tenun Sumba Timur sebagai media belajar Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial (IPS) di Sekolah Dasar (SD). Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ditemukan 1) Bahwa pada motif kain ikat Sumba Timur terdapat motif fauna dan flora yang ada disekitar masyarakat. 2) Motif kain ikat Sumba Timur mengambarkan hasil pemikiran, pengalaman, pandangan hidup, ataupun benda-benda yang ada di sekitar para penenun. Dengan motif yang bercorak fauna dan flora dapat dijadikan sebagai media pembelajaran yang kontektual dalam mengajarkan materi fauna dan flora pada matapelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial di Sekolah.WOVEN CLOTH AS A SOCIAL STUDIES LEARNING MEDIA IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN SUMBAThe woven cloth is a cultural heritage, Sumba which has various motifs and has cultural values so it is urgent to do research. This study aims, 1) To identify the fauna and flora on the woven fabric motifs of East Sumba as a medium for learning Social Sciences (IPS) in Elementary Schools (SD). This research is descriptive qualitative research. The results of the study were found 1) That the motifs of the cloth of East Sumba were found in the motifs of fauna and flora around the community. 2) The motif of the Ikat cloth in East Sumba depicts the results of thoughts, experiences, views of life, or objects around the weavers. With motifs that are fauna and flora patterns, it can be used as a contextual learning medium in teaching material on fauna and flora in Social Sciences subjects in schools.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PUTAR NUSANTARA PADA MATERI KERAGAMAN PAKAIAN ADAT DI INDONESIA UNTUK KELAS IV SD
Authors: Oktaviani Devia Luthfi , Sumardi Sumardi , Nugraha Akmad 
Published: April 2021

Penelitian bertujuan untuk menghasilkan media Papan Putar Nusantara pada pembelajaran IPS kelas IV SD Negeri Cijoho dan SDN 2 Kiarajangkung Kecamatan Sukahening, Kabupaten Tasikmalaya. Media Papan Putar Nusantara ini dibutuhkan untuk mengakomodir kebutuhan pembelajaran IPS akan media belajar. Penelitian pengembangan ini menggunakan metode penelitian Design Based Research. Langkah-langkah dalam penelitian ini menggunakan model Reeves dalam Pool & Laubscher, meliputi (1) identifikasi dan analisis masalah oleh peneliti dan praktis secara kolaboratif, (2) mengembangkan solusi yang didasakan patokan teori, design principle yang ada dan inovasi teknologi, (3) melakukan proses berulang untuk menguji dan memperbaiki solusi secara praktisi dan (4) refleksi untuk menghasilkan design principle serta meningkatkan implementasi dari solusi secara praktis. Pengembangan produk divalidasi oleh ahli materi dan ahli media. Teknik pengambilan data pada penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling. Produk media berupa papan putar nusantara adalah papan lingkar yang berputar didalamnya terdapat angka sebagai titik tumpu untuk menentukan hasil dari keterangan pada suatu daerah untuk mengetahui tujuan pembelajaran dengan permainan. Media pembelajaran menjadi faktor untuk meningkatkan pemahaman peserta didik sebagai proses belajar mengajar akan elbih efektif dan menyenangkan sehingga guru membantu mencari pesan dari bahan pembelajaran kepada peserta didik.THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARCHIPELAGO MEDIA ON DIVERSITY OF TRADITIONAL CLOTHES IN INDONESIA FOR CLASS IV IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOLThis research aims to produce Nusantara Playboard media in social studies class IV SD Negeri Cijoho and SDN 2 Kiarajangkung, Sukahening District, Tasikmalaya Regency. This Nusantara Playboard media is needed to accommodate the social studies learning needs of learning media. This research uses the Design-Based Research research method. The steps in this study use the Reeves model in Pool & Laubscher, including (1) identifying and analyzing problems by researchers and collaboratively practicing, (2) developing solutions based on theoretical standards, existing design principles, and technological innovation, (3) carry out an iterative process to test and improve solutions practically and (4) reflection to produce a design principle and improve the practical implementation of the solution. Product development is validated by material experts and media experts. The data collection technique in this study was purposive sampling. The media product in the form of an archipelago rotary board is a circular board that rotates in which there are numbers as a fulcrum for determining the results of information in an area to determine the objectives of learning with games. Learning media is a factor in increasing students' understanding as the teaching and learning process will be more effective and fun so that teachers help find messages from learning materials to students.