bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wind, hydro and solar energy challenges for Technical Vocational and Training (TVET) electrical entrepreneur in Malaysia: A review
Authors: Harun G , Sarip S , Abdul Fatah A Y , Kaidi H M , Abd Rahim N 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Renewable energy is one of the alternative energy resources in Malaysia to replace fossil fuel use, which is an important issue that needs to be established. Some of the possible renewable energy sources are wind, hydro and solar. Since 2019, various incentives announced by the Malaysian Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (KeTSA) to enhance renewable energy development which is in line with Government Energy policy. However, today, in contrast to the participation of investors and international contractors, the presence of entrepreneurs and domestic workers in this sector is feeble. In this regard, the Technical Vocational and Training (TVET) institution is seen to have the potential to minimize this crisis by creating competent, skilled and competitive electrical entrepreneurs for the field of renewable energy. This paper explores the ability of TVET electrical entrepreneurs to participate in renewable energy businesses. Based on the literature on energy entrepreneur development, it was found that the TVET electrical entrepreneur faces four challenges, namely financial, technology costs, logistics and government support. The proposed future development of renewable energy is in Mini-hydro and solar photovoltaic (PV), while wind power does not seem viable to TVET electricity entrepreneurs.
The effect of corn stalk fiber loading on tensile properties and absorption ability on polybutadiene adipate terephalate composite.
Authors: Mohamad Rosdi M H H , Ahad N A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The natural fiber have recently become attractive and been widely used as reinforcement material to replace synthetic fiber as a concern to environmental issue. However, there are some of natural fiber unable to perform well as reinforcement material due to their natural properties. In this research study, the corn stalk fiber was selected as natural fiber reinforced with polybutadiene adipate terephalate (PBAT) to form bio-composite materials. There are two type of PBAT used which are in pellets form and powder form. The objectives of using different type of PBAT are to identify their compatibility with filler and the dispersion of corn stalk fiber in both forms of matrix. Then, the both type of PBAT also compounded with difference loadings of corn stalk fiber. Lastly, their effect on tensile properties and absorption ability were identified. After the test is run, the composite of neat PBAT in powder form shows highest tensile strength and elongation at break but lowest in water absorption percentage compared to others. However, the composition of pellets PBAT with 30wt% of corn stalk fiber shows highest percentage of water absorption compared to others.
Effect of corrugated minichannel variable width on entropy generation for convective heat transfer of alpha-Alumina-water nanofluid
Authors: Muhammad N M , Sidik N A C , Saat A , Asako Y , Japar W M A A , Musa G H , Yuof S N A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Energy management and sustainability in thermal systems require maximum utilization of resources with minimal losses. However, it is rarely unattainable due to the ever-increasing need for a high-performance system combined with device size reduction. The numerical study examined convective heat transfer of an alpha-Alumina-water nanofluid in variable-width corrugated minichannel heat sinks. The objective is to study the impact of nanoparticle volume fractions and flow area variation on the entropy generation rate. The determining variables are 0.005 – 0.02 volume fractions, the fluid velocity 3 – 5.5 m/s and heat flux of 85 W/cm2. The numerical results show an acceptable correlation with the experiment results. The results indicate the thermal entropy production drop with an increase in nanoparticles volume fraction. Contrastingly, the frictional resistance entropy suggests the opposite trend due to the turbulence effect on the fluid viscosity. The induction of Alumina-Water nanofluid with enhanced thermal conductivity declined the entropy generation rate compared to water alone. The increase in width ratio by 16% between the cases translates to at least a 9% increase in thermal entropy production. The outcome of this study can provide designers and operators of thermal systems more insight into entropy management in corrugated heatsinks.
Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) as waste heat recovery system for micro-cogeneration: A preliminary study
Authors: Saadon S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Although the energy consumption pattern has been optimized, the main problem facing by energy revolution is the low conversion efficiency of renewable energy and waste heat. Among the utilization technologies of these waste heat, organic Rankine cycle (ORC), which has characteristics of simple structure and high efficiency is chosen as the potential candidate to overcome this situation. However, ORC is facing several limitations including having low turbine performance leading to low power production. Additionally, the design of ORC and the heat recovery system should be improved to reduce the investment cost. One of the ways to increase the performance of this ORC is to design ORC waste heat recovery system for cogeneration. Thus, this study will be focused on to identify the effect of different heat exchanger positions to the ORC thermal performance and to investigate the effect of integrating ORC for cogeneration. In order to achieve this, identification of the suitable heat exchanger for ORC will be performed by modelling and simulation to predict the effect of the new design to the ORC thermal performance. Then, the improved novel ORC design will be integrated to a cogeneration system to simulate the power produced by the combined system.
Comparative phylogeography study reveals introgression and incomplete lineage sorting during rapid diversification of Rhodiola
Authors: You Jianling , Lougheed Stephen C , Zhao Yao , Zhang Guojie , Liu Wensheng , Lu Fan , Wang Yuguo , Zhang Wenju , Yang Ji , Qiong La , Song Zhiping 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Many plant taxa in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP) and the Hengduan Mountains (HM) radiated rapidly during the Quaternary but with frequent secondary contact between diverging populations. Incomplete lineage sorting and introgressive hybridization might be involved during the rapid radiation, but their effects on phylogeography have not been fully determined.

Methods
We investigated the chloroplast DNA (cpDNA)/internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence variations of 611 samples of Rhodiola bupleuroides, R. discolor, R. fastigiata and R. chrysanthemifolia from the QTP and HM to compare the phylogeographic patterns between the four species with different evolutionary histories, geographic ranges and reproductive modes.

Key Results
The divergence times of these species were consistent with the last peak of in situ speciation in the HM. While closely related species exhibited different phylogeographic patterns, they shared several ribotypes and haplotypes in sympatric populations, suggesting introgressive hybridization. A significant phylogenetic discordance between ribotypes and haplotypes was detected in three species, implying incomplete lineage sorting. Rhodiola discolor houses an extraordinary richness of cpDNA haplotypes, and this finding may be attributed to adaptive radiation.

Conclusion
In addition to geographic isolation and climate oscillations during the Quaternary, both introgressive hybridization and incomplete lineage sorting play important roles in species that experienced rapid diversification in the QTP and HM.
Measuring Vaccine Efficacy Against Infection and Disease in Clinical Trials: Sources and Magnitude of Bias in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccine Efficacy Estimates
Authors: Williams Lucy R , Ferguson Neil M , Donnelly Christl A , Grassly Nicholas C 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Phase III trials have estimated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine efficacy (VE) against symptomatic and asymptomatic infection. We explore the direction and magnitude of potential biases in these estimates and their implications for vaccine protection against infection and against disease in breakthrough infections.

Methods
We developed a mathematical model that accounts for natural and vaccine-induced immunity, changes in serostatus, and imperfect sensitivity and specificity of tests for infection and antibodies. We estimated expected biases in VE against symptomatic, asymptomatic, and any severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections and against disease following infection for a range of vaccine characteristics and measurement approaches, and the likely overall biases for published trial results that included asymptomatic infections.

Results
VE against asymptomatic infection measured by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or serology is expected to be low or negative for vaccines that prevent disease but not infection. VE against any infection is overestimated when asymptomatic infections are less likely to be detected than symptomatic infections and the vaccine protects against symptom development. A competing bias toward underestimation arises for estimates based on tests with imperfect specificity, especially when testing is performed frequently. Our model indicates considerable uncertainty in Oxford-AstraZeneca ChAdOx1 and Janssen Ad26.COV2.S VE against any infection, with slightly higher than published, bias-adjusted values of 59.0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 38.4–77.1) and 70.9% (95% UI 49.8–80.7), respectively.

Conclusions
Multiple biases are likely to influence COVID-19 VE estimates, potentially explaining the observed difference between ChAdOx1 and Ad26.COV2.S vaccines. These biases should be considered when interpreting both efficacy and effectiveness study results.
mRNA Vaccine-Elicited Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–Specific T Cells Persist at 6 Months and Recognize the Delta Variant
Authors: Woldemeskel Bezawit A , Garliss Caroline C , Blankson Joel N 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Little is known about the decay kinetics of coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine–elicited severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2–specific T cells. In this study we show a modest decline in the frequency of these T cells at 6 months and demonstrate robust expansion in response to antigen and recognition of spike peptides from the Delta variant.
Effect of nurse-led hospital-to-home transitional care interventions on mortality and psychosocial outcomes in adults with heart failure: a meta-analysis
Authors: Li Yuan , Fang Jinbo , Li Minlu , Luo Biru 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aims
To determine the effectiveness and dose–response of nurse-led hospital-to-home transitional care interventions (TCIs) on patient mortality and psychosocial outcomes of health-related quality of life (HRQoL), self-care behaviours, and emotional well-being in adults hospitalized with heart failure (HF) and to recognize pertinent characteristics that potentially affect the overall effectiveness.

Methods and results
Relevant studies were identified through electronic database searches, including MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library from January 2000 until January 2021. Two independent authors performed study selection, data abstraction, and risk-of-bias assessment. When appropriate, we used random-effects meta-analysis to derive pooled effect estimates, investigated dose–response relationships, and ran meta-regressions to locate the source of heterogeneity. A total of 27 studies with 7635 participants were included. Our findings revealed that nurse-led hospital-to-home TCIs reduced the risk of all-cause mortality by 21% [risk ratio = 0.79; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.68–0.92; P = 0.003] and improved HRQoL (mean difference = −3.29; 95% CI −6.51 to −0.07; P = 0.04) compared to usual care, but non-significant effects were found for emotional well-being. The narrative summary of evidence for self-care behaviours showed positive intervention effects. Meta-regression did not find any covariates that were significantly related to mortality or HRQoL. Dose–response analysis showed that mortality risk was reduced with increased intensity and complexity of the nurse-led TCIs.

Conclusion
Generally, nurse-led hospital-to-home TCIs may play a beneficial role in decreasing mortality, and improving HRQoL and self-care behaviours for adults with HF. Additional studies are warranted to characterize the optimal nurse-led TCIs for HF management.
Dynamic tracing of sugar metabolism reveals the mechanisms of action of synthetic sugar analogs
Authors: van Scherpenzeel Monique , Conte Federica , Büll Christian , Ashikov Angel , Hermans Esther , Willems Anke , van Tol Walinka , Kragt Else , Noga Marek , Moret Ed E , Heise Torben , Langereis Jeroen D , Rossing Emiel , Zimmermann Michael , Rubio-Gozalbo M Estela , de Jonge Marien I , Adema Gosse J , Zamboni Nicola , Boltje Thomas , Lefeber Dirk J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Synthetic sugar analogs are widely applied in metabolic oligosaccharide engineering (MOE) and as novel drugs to interfere with glycoconjugate biosynthesis. However, mechanistic insights on their exact cellular metabolism over time are mostly lacking. We combined ion-pair ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography–triple quadrupole mass spectrometry mass spectrometry using tributyl- and triethylamine buffers for sensitive analysis of sugar metabolites in cells and organisms and identified low abundant nucleotide sugars, such as UDP-arabinose in human cell lines and CMP-sialic acid (CMP-NeuNAc) in Drosophila. Furthermore, MOE revealed that propargyloxycarbonyl (Poc)-labeled ManNPoc was metabolized to both CMP-NeuNPoc and UDP-GlcNPoc. Finally, time-course analysis of the effect of antitumor compound 3Fax-NeuNAc by incubation of B16-F10 melanoma cells with N-acetyl-D-[UL-13C6]glucosamine revealed full depletion of endogenous ManNAc 6-phosphate and CMP-NeuNAc within 24 h. Thus, dynamic tracing of sugar metabolic pathways provides a general approach to reveal time-dependent insights into the metabolism of synthetic sugars, which is important for the rational design of analogs with optimized effects.
Town Talk: enhancing the ‘eyes and ears’ of the colonial state in British Hong Kong, 1950s–1975
Authors: Mok Florence 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This article offers a longer perspective on the origins and effectiveness of reforms of colonial governance in Hong Kong. It shows that the colonial state shifted from increasingly ineffective indirect rule to using a covert bureaucratic opinion poll, Town Talk, to assess public opinion. The article argues that this bureaucratic device increased the organizational capacity of the colonial state and, in so doing, enabled a constructed form of ‘public opinion’ to influence policy formulation in a state-controlled manner without democratization. This mechanism was used as an imperfect substitute for representative democracy. These reforms enhanced a ‘non-political’ sense of citizenship among the Hong Kong Chinese but failed to bridge a communication gap between an unelected government and the people over whom it ruled.
Anti-Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Hyperimmune Immunoglobulin Demonstrates Potent Neutralization and Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity and Phagocytosis Through N and S Proteins
Authors: Díez José María , Romero Carolina , Cruz María , Vandeberg Peter , Merritt William Keither , Pradenas Edwards , Trinité Benjamin , Blanco Julià , Clotet Bonaventura , Willis Todd , Gajardo Rodrigo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccinations have provided a significant reduction in infections, effective COVID-19 treatments remain an urgent need.MethodsFunctional characterization of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) hyperimmune immunoglobulin (hIG) from human convalescent plasma was performed by different virus neutralization methodologies (plaque reduction, virus-induced cytotoxicity, median tissue culture infectious dose [TCID50] reduction, and immunofluorimetry) at different laboratories using geographically different SARS-CoV-2 isolates (USA [1], Italy [1], and Spain [2]; 2 containing the D614G mutation). Neutralization capacity against the original Wuhan SARS-CoV-2 strain and variants (D614G mutant, B.1.1.7, P.1, and B.1.351) was evaluated using a pseudovirus expressing the corresponding spike (S) protein. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) was also evaluated.ResultsAll SARS-CoV-2 isolates were potently neutralized by hIG as shown by all 4 methodologies. Wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and variants were effectively neutralized using the pseudovirus. The hIG (IgG type) induced ADCC and ADCP against SARS-CoV-2 N and S proteins but not E protein. Very low concentrations (25–100 µg IgG/mL) were required. A potent effect was triggered by antibodies in hIG solutions against the SARS-CoV-2 S and N proteins.ConclusionsBeyond neutralization, IgG Fc-dependent pathways may play a role in combatting SARS-CoV-2 infections using COVID-19 hIG. This could be especially relevant for the treatment of more neutralization-resistant SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Identifying regional environmental factors driving differences in climatic niche overlap inPeromyscusmice
Authors: Russell Vanessa L , Stevens M Henry H , Zeisler Addison A , Jezkova Tereza 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDifferent groups of taxa exhibit varying degree of climatic niche conservatism or divergence due to evolutionary constraints imposed on taxa and distributional relationships among them. Herein, we explore to what extent regional environmental conditions that taxa occupy affect climatic niche overlap between pairs of congeneric species of Peromyscus mice exhibiting allopatric, parapatric, or sympatric distributions. We used Bayesian generalized linear mixed models to identify environmental variables that best explain differences in climatic niche overlap between species. Our results suggest that regional environmental conditions explain 13–44% of variation in climatic niche overlap. Specifically, allopatric and parapatric species pairs are more likely to occupy similar climatic niches in areas that are topographically less complex but with more complex habitats. Sympatric species are more likely to occupy similar climatic niches in areas that promote local niche partitioning (topographically less complex, warmer winter temperatures, higher precipitation, and higher habitat complexity on a local scale). By understanding the relationship between regional environmental conditions and niche overlap, we highlight how differences in geography can contribute to shaping niches of congeneric species.
Plasma-based strategy for inhibiting Candida albicans growth and CaMCA1 gene expression in vitro and reducing fungal pathogenicity in a murine model of vulvovaginal candidiasis
Authors: Ebrahimi-Shaghaghi Fatemeh , Atyabi Seyed-Mohammad , Razzaghi-Abyaneh Mehdi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common mucosal infection, mainly caused by Candida albicans. The use of common antifungal drugs in treatment of VVC is limited due to emergence of resistant fungal strains and severe side effects. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) as a novel therapeutic approach is proven to display strong antifungal activity against C. albicans. In the present study, the effects of CAP treatment on virulence and pathogenicity of C. albicans in a murine model was investigated. Candida albicans was treated with CAP at different time exposures. Fungal cell morphology and the expression profile of CaMCA1 gene in CAP-treated fungus was evaluated using electron microscopy and quantitative RT-PCR. Moreover, the mice model of VVC was developed using CAP-treated and non-treated C. albicans and characterized in terms of vaginal fungal burden, the rate of hyphae formation in the vaginal tissue and fluid and the inflammation degree of mice vaginal tissue. Significant reduction in CaMCA1 expression and remarkable mitochondrial degradation were observed in CAP-treated C. albicans cells. The lowest fungal burden, reduced hyphae formation, poor adherence of yeast cells to vaginal epithelium, and the low degree of inflammation were observed in mice infected with CAP-treated C. albicans. Suppression of CaMCA1 gene and mitochondrial degradation in CAP-treated C. albicans yeast cells may diminish yeast to hyphae transition and reduce fungal pathogenicity in murine model of VVC. CAP treatment can be considered as a novel and efficient therapeutic strategy against C. albicans and related Candida infections in practice.

Lay summary
CAP was successfully used to inhibit fungal growth and CaMCA1 gene expression in C. albicans. It caused morphological alterations in membranous structures of the yeast cells and finally led to the cell death. CAP meaningfully reduced C. albicans virulence and pathogenicity in a murine model of VVC.
Astraeus IV: quantifying the star formation histories of galaxies in the Epoch of Reionization
Authors: Legrand Laurent , Hutter Anne , Dayal Pratika , Ucci Graziano , Gottlöber Stefan , Yepes Gustavo 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
We use the astraeus framework, which couples an N-body simulation with a semi-analytic model for galaxy formation and a semi-numerical model for reionization, to quantify the star formation histories (SFHs) of galaxies in the first billion years. Exploring four models of radiative feedback, we fit the SFH of each galaxy at $z$ &gt; 5 as log(SFR($z$)) = −α(1 + $z$) + β; star formation is deemed stochastic if it deviates from this fit by more than $\Delta _\mathrm{SFR}=0.6\,$dex. Our key findings are as follows: (i) The fraction of stellar mass formed and time spent in the stochastic phase decrease with increasing stellar mass and redshift $z$. While galaxies with stellar masses of $M_\star \sim 10^7\rm M_\odot$ at $z$ ∼ 5 (10) form $\sim 70{{\ \rm per\ cent}}~(20{{\ \rm per\ cent}})$ of their stellar mass in the stochastic phase, this reduces to $\lt 10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ at all redshifts for galaxies with $M_\star \gt 10^{10}\rm M_\odot$; (ii) the fractional mass assembled and lifetime spent in the stochastic phase do not significantly change with the radiative feedback model used; and (iii) at all redshifts, α increases (decreases for the strongest radiative feedback model) with stellar mass for galaxies with $M_\star \lesssim 10^{8.5}\rm M_\odot$ and converges to ∼0.18 for more massive galaxies; β always increases with stellar mass. Our proposed fits can reliably recover the stellar masses and mass-to-light ratios for galaxies with $M_\star \sim 10^{8}\!-\!10^{10.5}\,\rm M_\odot$ and ${\it M}_{\rm UV}\sim -17~{\rm to}~-23$ at $z$ ∼ 5–9. This physical model can therefore be used to derive the SFHs for galaxies observed by a number of forthcoming instruments.