bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the idiosyncrasies of real persistent memory
Authors: Gugnani Shashank , Kashyap Arjun , Lu Xiaoyi 
Published: February 2021

High capacity persistent memory (PMEM) is finally commercially available in the form of Intel's Optane DC Persistent Memory Module (DCPMM). Researchers have raced to evaluate and understand the performance of DCPMM itself as well as systems and applications designed to leverage PMEM resulting from over a decade of research. Early evaluations of DCPMM show that its behavior is more nuanced and idiosyncratic than previously thought. Several assumptions made about its performance that guided the design of PMEM-enabled systems have been shown to be incorrect. Unfortunately, several peculiar performance characteristics of DCPMM are related to the memory technology (3D-XPoint) used and its internal architecture. It is expected that other technologies (such as STT-RAM, memristor, ReRAM, NVDIMM), with highly variable characteristics, will be commercially shipped as PMEM in the near future. Current evaluation studies fail to understand and categorize the idiosyncratic behavior of PMEM; i.e., how do the peculiarities of DCPMM related to other classes of PMEM. Clearly, there is a need for a study which can guide the design of systems and is agnostic to PMEM technology and internal architecture.
In this paper, we first list and categorize the idiosyncratic behavior of PMEM by performing targeted experiments with our proposed PMIdioBench benchmark suite on a real DCPMM platform. Next, we conduct detailed studies to guide the design of storage systems, considering generic PMEM characteristics. The first study guides data placement on NUMA systems with PMEM while the second study guides the design of lock-free data structures, for both eADR- and ADR-enabled PMEM systems. Our results are often counter-intuitive and highlight the challenges of system design with PMEM.
Effect of microbial combination with organic fertilizer on Elymus dahuricus
Authors: Li Yingjun , Zhao Yan , Song Zefeng , Deng Yanan , Wang Hao , Xu Liyan , Cai Kui 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the growth using an organic fertilizer culture comprising wheat straw, mushroom residue or sawdust and dry dung, or plant growth-promoting microbes (PGPM) on the growth conditions and nutritional status of Elymus dahuricus to provide a set of feasible plans for the treatment and restoration of abandoned land exhibiting lower organic matter, calcification, and alkaline soil of the Qilianshan coal mine. Pot experiments were conducted on four groups to study the effect of the characteristics of nutrient absorption of E. dahuricus: (1) original soil with or without the addition of soil bacteria and compound bacteria (nitrobacteria and Pleurotus), (2) different ratios of original soil mixed with different proportions of organic fertilizer, (3) different proportions of original soil mixed with different proportions of organic fertilizer and soil bacteria, and (4) different proportions of original soil mixed with different proportions of organic fertilizer and compound bacteria. Results showed that original soil supplemented with different PGPM, organic fertilizer treatment, and the organic fertilizer combined with different PGPMs was an obvious increase in the growth of E. dahuricus. In particular, 40% of organic fertilizers mixed with the compound bacteria (nitrobacteria and lateral bacteria) exhibited the best growth trend, significantly improving the soil nutrients, the growth of E. dahuricus, and the nutritional status, and providing a reliable scientific foundation for the treatment and restoration of the abandoned land of the Qilianshan coal mine.
Application of Cholette’s model in non-ideal mixing CSTR: a simulation study on dynamic behavior
Authors: Yang Chane-Yuan , Chien Yu-Shu , Chou Jun-Hong , Li Hsing-Ya , Hsieh Chau Wei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Non-ideal mixing phenomena are widely found in industrial chemical reactors. In this work we derived the bifurcation formulas for a non-adiabatic CSTR with an irreversible exothermic first order reaction with the non-ideal mixing effect. This is investigated via dynamic behavior simulations based on Chollete’s model. The results show that the non-ideal mixing parameter n (the fraction of the feed entering the perfect mixing zone) determines the variation between six classified regions and dominates the dynamic behavior patterns in the steady-state response diagram. On the other hand, the phase portraits of examples verify the formulas derived in this work. We note that the non-ideal mixing effect has significant importance in CSTR design and control steps. For example, in the safe operating region for an ideal mixing CSTR, non-linear dynamics are obtained by the system under non-ideal mixing conditions (n ≠ 1). The present study has significance and help for chemical reactor design and CSTR control.
Association of glycaemic status and outcomes in diabetic foot problems: a retrospective evidence from South India
Authors: Ramanathan Balamurugan , Duraisamy Ramesh , Venkatramanasami Balaji Tulse Dass , Abbas Manoj Kumar , Balamurugan Aswinram 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesEmerging shreds of evidence indicates that the risk of diabetic foot ulcer and associated morbidity can be reduced through the intensive glycemic control. There are very few studies which assessed the effects of glycemic control on diabetic foot problems among Indian patients. We aimed to assess the effect of glycemic control on the outcomes of diabetic foot problems among adult type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients with foot ulcers.MethodsA cross sectional study was conducted among the T2DM patients from a tertiary care teaching hospital in South India. The demographic characters, risk factors, treatment characters, glycemic status were collected among the patients and analyzed against the outcomes of diabetic foot ulcers by reviewing their medical records. Descriptive statistics were used to present the data. The Chi-square test and ANOVA were used for was used for the categorical variables and continuous parameters to identify the factors affecting the outcomes, respectively. All analysis was performed in SPSS v21.ResultsOut of the 100 participants included in the study, 70% were male. The majority (78%) were from an age group of 40 to 70 years, and the mean age was found to be 59.91 ± 10.6 years. The mean duration of diabetes was 9.66 years. Only ankle-brachial Index score (p=0.001) was significantly associated with the type of ulcers, whereas other factors not (p>0.05). A high level of average HbA1c, BMI, ABI index and poor glycemic status was associated with a significant debridement strategy and longer duration of hospitalization; however, it was not substantial.ConclusionOur study inferred that poor glycemic status is associated with a significant debridement strategy and longer duration of hospitalization. However, these findings need to be strengthened with adequately powered prospective studies.
Non-collinear magnetism & multiferroicity: the perovskite case
Authors: Bousquet Eric , Cano Andrés 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The most important types of non-collinear magnetic orders that are realized in simple perovskite oxides are outlined in relation to multiferroicity. These orders are classified and rationalized in terms of a mimimal spin Hamiltonian, based on which the notion of spin-driven ferroelectricity is illustrated. These concepts find direct application in reference materials such as BiFeO3, GdFeO3 and TbMnO3 whose multiferroic properties are briefly reviewed.
The glymphatic system and meningeal lymphatics of the brain: new understanding of brain clearance
Authors: Yankova Galina , Bogomyakova Olga , Tulupov Andrey 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The glymphatic system and meningeal lymphatics have recently been characterized. Glymphatic system is a glia-dependent system of perivascular channels, and it plays an important role in the removal of interstitial metabolic waste products. The meningeal lymphatics may be a key drainage route for cerebrospinal fluid into the peripheral blood, may contribute to inflammatory reaction and central nervous system (CNS) immune surveillance. Breakdowns and dysfunction of the glymphatic system and meningeal lymphatics play a crucial role in age-related brain changes, the pathogenesis of neurovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as in brain injuries and tumors. This review discusses the relationship recently characterized meningeal lymphatic vessels with the glymphatic system, which provides perfusion of the CNS with cerebrospinal and interstitial fluids. The review also presents the results of human studies concerning both the presence of meningeal lymphatics and the glymphatic system. A new understanding of how aging, medications, sleep and wake cycles, genetic predisposition, and even body posture affect the brain drainage system has not only changed the idea of brain fluid circulation but has also contributed to an understanding of the pathology and mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases.
Morphologically Complex Adjectives with a Negative Prefix: Translation Problems
Authors: Ratkus Artūras 
Published: February 2021

The article addresses problems of understanding and translation of morphologically complex words. It is not unusual for English adjectives with a negative prefix to have unexpected meanings that cannot be predicted based on examining the adjectives’ morphological structure. One such complex example is the adjective incapable. It is argued that this adjective has a peculiar set of meanings and uses that are independent of the positive form capable and unrelated to the adjective able. The article adduces evidence of specific uses of incapable, in which it showcases the meaning of ‘unfit for, unsuitable’ – not documented in most dictionaries.
Cryptocurrencies in Modern Finance: A Literature Review
Authors: Rejeb Abderahman , Rejeb Karim , G. Keogh John 
Published: February 2021

The focus on cryptocurrencies in the finance and banking sectors is gaining momentum. In this paper, we investigate the role of cryptocurrencies in modern finance. We apply a narrative literature review method to synthesize prior research and draw insights into the opportunities and challenges of leveraging cryptocurrencies. The results indicate that cryptocurrencies offer businesses and individuals’ lower transaction costs, higher efficiencies, increased security and privacy, meaningful diversification benefits, alternative financing solutions, and financial inclusion.Challenges exist related to the integration of cryptocurrencies in modern finance. These include the lack of regulatory standards, the risk of criminal activity, high energy and environmental costs, regulatory bans and usage restrictions, security and privacy concerns, and the high volatility of cryptocurrencies.The current review is useful for scholars and managers, including those seeking to have a more balanced understanding of these emerging financial instruments.JEL Classification: E42, F30, F65, G21, G23How to Cite:Rejeb, A., Rejeb, K., & Keogh, J. G. (2021). Cryptocurrencies in Modern Finance: a Literature Review. Etikonomi, 20(1), 93 – 118. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v20i1.16911.
The Determinants of the Technical Efficiency of Secondary Schools in Malaysia: A Panel Evidence
Authors: Baba Rozita , Karim Zulkefly Abdul , Majid Mariani Abdul , Sulaiman Noorasiah 
Published: February 2021

This study aims to identify the level of technical efficiency of secondary schools and its determinants using the data of 626 Malaysian secondary schools over 2010-2014. Two estimation techniques have been used; the first step is to estimate the school's efficiency score by employing a Data Envelopment Analysis approach. In the second step, we examine the factors affecting the schools' efficiency using a static panel data analysis. The main findings revealed that secondary education is technically inefficient, and on average, the schools can increase their output by 33% using the same resources. Secondary schools in rural areas and less-developed states indicate a better technical efficiency level than schools in urban areas and developed states. Factors that affect technical efficiency are school size, per capita income, and average wage. The findings suggest that the school may perform better by increasing the schools' size by having more classes. The opportunities to increase residents' and households' income may help the areas perform better than others.JEL Classification: H5, H75How to Cite:Baba, R., Karim, Z. A., Majid, M. A., & Sulaiman, N. (2021). The Determinants of The Technical Efficiency of Secondary Schools in Malaysia: Panel Evidence. Etikonomi, 20(1), 169 – 184. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v20i1.17204.
Board of Commissioners’ Structure, Ownership Retention, and IPO Underpricing: Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Setiawan Doddy , Prabowo Muhammad Agung , Trinugroho Irwan , Noordin Bany Ariffin Amin 
Published: February 2021

This research examines how the board of commissioners' structure and ownership retention affect IPO underpricing in Indonesia. In this study, we have examined the following three aspects: the number of board of commissioners, percentage of independent commissioners, and percentage of female commissioners. In total, 186 Indonesian companies that have conducted IPO from 2001 to 2016 were included in this study. This study uses multiple regressions to test the hypothesis. Our findings show that ownership retention has a negative implication on underpricing. Furthermore, the number of board of commissioners and independent commissioners has also been determined to reduce the level of underpricing. However, female commissioners were found to have no significant effect on IPO underpricing; furthermore, it demonstrated no significant effect in reducing the level of underpricing. These results show that higher ownership retention, a smaller number of board members, and a higher percentage of independent commissioners can reduce IPO underpricing.JEL Classification: G30, G32How to Cite:Setiawan, D., Prabowo, M. A., Trinugroho, I., & Noordin, B. A. A. (2021). Board of Commissioners’ Structure, Ownership Retention, and IPO Underpricing: Evidence from Indonesia. Etikonomi, 20(1), 185 – 200. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v20i1.19156.
W POŞ SİSTEKTOMİ SONRASI GELİŞEN BİLATERAL ÜRETER NEKROZUNDA ÜRETEROAPENDIKS-APENDIKOVESICAL ANASTOMOZ VE LİTERATÜRÜN TARANMASI
Authors: ÇİFTECİ Tayfun , ERGÜN Osman , ÖZTÜRK Sefa Alperen , KOŞAR Alim 
Published: February 2021

Mesane kanseri ürogenital sistemin en sık görülen
ikinci kanseridir. Tanı anında %25’ i kasa invaze
(KIMK) olan mesane kanserinde altın standart tedavi
radikal sistektomi ve lenf nodu diseksiyonudur. Radikal
sistektomi sonrası uygulanacak üriner diversiyon
tipine hastaların bireysel sağlık durumu ve mesane
kanseri evresi değerlendirilerek karar verilir. Üreter
anastomuzu esnasında beslenmesine dikkat edilmeli
ve üreter nekrozundan kaçınılmalıdır. Bu olguda radikal
sistektomi sonrası erken dönemde gelişen üreter
nekrozunda üreterovezikal anastomozda apendiks
kullanımı ve literatür sonuçları taranmıştır.
Determinants of share repurchases: a quantile regression approach
Authors: Chasiotis Ioannis , Georgantopoulos Andreas.G , Eriotis Nikolaos 
Published: February 2021

This study utilizes quantile regressions to investigate the effect of the determinants of share repurchases on firms at different points of the share repurchases distribution. Empirical results from a large panel of NYSE repurchasing firms, document an asymmetric effect of several determinants on share repurchases in terms of size, significance and direction. Excess capital, stock options and growth opportunities are significant throughout the distribution and their impact increases at successive quantiles while ownership concentration and leverage exhibit sign reversals between lower and upper quantiles. These differing effects are attributed to highly heterogeneous firm characteristics across quantiles.
The impact of economic crisis on cost structure configuration
Authors: Pavlatos Odysseas 
Published: February 2021

The objective of this study is to examine the impact of economic crisis on cost structureconfiguration of companies. For this reason, an empirical study in the form of online surveyhas been carried out in 82 Greek manufacturing companies. We received data from two periodsof great economic recession, namely during fall of 2013 and spring of 2015. Results indicatedthat companies most affected by the economic crisis, replaced fixed costs with variable ones.Cost structure configuration is the “tool” that companies used to limit the consequences of thecrisis in their profitability.

Keywords: economic crisis, cost structure, fixed costs, variable costs.

JEL classification numbers: M20, M21, M42
Efficient Detection of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Adulteration via UV and FTIR Spectra in combination with Heat-Mediated Oxidation Method
Authors: Gholami Khesht Sepideh , Kavusi E , Mousavi M 
Published: February 2021

The main aim of this study is simple and fast authentication of extra virgin olive oil by different spectroscopic techniques individually and also in combination with minimal chemical waste. UV spectra of the EVOO and mixed olive oil samples were recorded before the heating test and then along the thermal degradation experiments at the 45- and 90-mins intervals set for the analysis. The EVOO and mixed oils samples showed high absorption values around 240-300 nm band. The results showed that the characteristics of FTIR spectra including peak number, peak position and peak shape in mixed samples were significantly different from EVOO samples. According to the studies, the frequencies of around 2920 cm−1 and 2856 cm−1 could be related with C–H stretching (e.g. cis-double bonds) and with –C–H asymmetrical and symmetrical stretching in methylene groups. The frequency at 2925 cm−1 is associated with aliphatic CH2 groups. Around 1366 cm−1 and 1451 cm−1, these frequencies could be associated with the bending vibrations of C–H groups. The results reveal that the UV–VIS and FT-IR analytical tools are the most suitable and reliable tools to detect and quantify high levels (over 10%) of adulteration in mixes of EVO with other vegetable oils.
La relevancia de la planificación en el proceso de negociación: el caso del acuerdo comercial Perú – Estados Unidos
Authors: Mera Teresa 
Published: February 2021

En esta oportunidad, queremos llamar la atención sobre la etapa de la panificación o preparación, la cual es de particular relevancia debido a su incidencia en las siguientes etapas del proceso de negociación; aquí identificadas. Incluso de ella puede depender el éxito o el fracaso del íntegro de la negociación.
¿El fin del libre albedrío?
Authors: Zilberman Jack 
Published: February 2021

¿Existe el libre albedrío o estamos determinados a actuar de cierta manera? ¿Los pensamientos, deseos y acciones humanas están predeterminadas por una cadena de causa y efecto y aun así “causalmente” determinan el futuro? Este artículo pretende contribuir al debate de estas interrogantes a través del análisis de diversos puntos de vista de filósofos, doctores y pensadores en tan importante tema, el cual, al final, podría significar que, si las personas están determinadas y no son capaces de elegir, entonces no deberían ser moralmente responsables de sus actos y, por lo tanto, la libertad sería sólo una ilusión.
Cambio de paradigmas en la educación básica regular
Authors: Zilberman Jack 
Published: February 2021

La educación tiene un rol fundamental en el desarrollopolítico, económico y social de un país. Ofrece la posibilidad a las personas de escapar de la pobreza y participar activa y plenamente en la sociedad y en el mercado. En términos generales, el Estado ha asumido la responsabilidad de proporcionar y financiar la educación básica. Sin embargo, por su envergadura, ello resulta muy complejo, exigiéndose un cambio de paradigmas. El presente trabajo explica que las asociaciones público-privadas han surgido como respuesta a esta necesidad. Diferentes modelos consideran dividir el financiamiento de la provisión del servicio educativo, como alternativa para poder incrementar el acceso y mejorar la calidad, citando como ejemplos a emular a las escuelas de “Fe y Alegría” y a los “Colegios de Alto Rendimiento” (COAR).
An appetite for cases
Authors: Vega Gina 
Published: February 2021

El uso de estudios de casos en las escuelas de negocio fue introducido originalmente por la Universidad de Harvard. El estilo de enseñanza ha cambiado desde un enfoque en el profesor, hacia un enfoque en el estudiante, como lo refuerza la metodología denominada “clase invertida”. Se presentan las características del desempeño docente en clase. El análisis de los estudios de caso está principalmente en inglés y esto puede generar dificultades en su aprendizaje, sobre todo si en los países de Latinoamérica el nivel de inglés no está lo suficientemente desarrollado. El International Journal of Instructional Cases es una publicación que entrega estudios de casos con suficiente información de análisis para permitir un adecuado aprendizaje de la situación planteada.
Organizational learning in fast-changing environments and decision-making processes: a literature review
Authors: Fernández Rafael 
Published: February 2021

Este artículo hace una revisión de la literatura sobre el aprendizaje organizacional como un recurso necesario en mercados cambiantes. Adicionalmente, esta revisión busca explorar si ha habido suficiente investigación acerca del impacto del aprendizaje organizacional y sus capacidades dinámicas en el proceso de toma de decisiones a nivel organizacional.
Las exportaciones de minerales en el Perú de cara al bicentenario: análisis económico, proyección estadística y perspectivas para el mediano plazo
Authors: Cano Jannet , Otárola Manuel 
Published: February 2021

Dada la importancia del sector externo en la evolución de la economía peruana, en este artículo se analizan las características de las exportaciones en el periodo 1950-2016. Asimismo, se comparte un pronóstico de las mismas hasta el año 2021, considerando datos mensuales para el periodo 2009 - 2017, teniendo en cuenta el vínculo de éstas con sus respectivos precios y volúmenes exportados, para el caso de los cuatro principales metales que el Perú vende en el extranjero. Luego de caracterizar las series a partir del análisis de volatilidad y de las pruebas de raíz unitaria, se hicieron pronósticos desde una curva de tendencia. Los resultados auguran tendencias crecientes que deberán contribuir a un mayor valor exportado.
Umaña Reyes, Lorena Margarita (Coord.). Reflexiones interdisciplinarias sobre la ciudadanía de género en la Ciudad de México
Authors: Torres Alonso Eduardo 
Published: February 2021

Este artículo reseña: Umaña Reyes, Lorena Margarita (Coord.). Reflexiones interdisciplinarias sobre la ciudadanía de género en la Ciudad de México. México: Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México- Editorial Orfila, 2018, 159 pp. ISBN: 978-607-30-1346-8
Reflexiones sobre el empleo doméstico. De dónde venimos, dónde nos encontramos y hacia dónde vamos
Authors: Sanz Sáez Concepción 
Published: February 2021

Este artículo reseña: Reflexiones sobre el empleo doméstico. De dónde venimos, dónde nos encontramos y hacia dónde vamos. (2020). Departamento de Trabajo y Justicia. Servicio Central de Publicaciones del Gobierno Vasco. ISBN: 978-84-457-3542-8.