bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Great Trade-off in Workers’ Compensation: Perceptions of Injustice by Those Experiencing Persistent Pain
Authors: Quintner John , Galbraith Melanie 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Some claimants harbor perceptions of injustice about the way they have been treated. In particular, those with ongoing and disabling pain have been generally dissatisfied by the way they have been managed by the systems designed to offer them financial compensation.

Aim
In this paper we aim to explore possible factors that may contribute to their dissatisfaction.

Method
We review the historical development of the various systems in which monetary compensation was awarded for personal injury.

Findings
In the latter years of the 19th century, a significant trade-off occurred in the German workers’ compensation systems. On the one hand, employers accepted the principle of no-fault insurance and agreed to provide injured workers with monetary compensation and medical treatment. On the other hand, employees agreed to relinquish the right to sue their employer for negligence. However, awards under this legal system did not include assessments for ongoing pain, humiliation, or loss of social status as were incorporated in previous systems.

Conclusion
Although the Prussian and German approach provided a utilitarian model for similar systems around the world, its failure to include some long-established benefits of a moral nature may have contributed to the current perceptions of injustice expressed by many injured workers experiencing persistent pain.
Rapid Mobilization of Medical Students to Provide Health Care Workers With Emergency Childcare During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lane Emily C.A. , Tran Audrey A. , Graulty Christian J. , Bumsted Tracy 
Published: April 2021

Problem
In March 2020, the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic spread rapidly within the United States and began overwhelming the health care system. To conserve personal protective equipment, reduce the spread of the virus, and keep student learners safe, leaders of medical schools across the country made the difficult decision to suspend in-person clinical experiences. As medical students were sent home and hospital systems ramped up their response to the virus, many essential health care workers (HCWs) faced an immediate challenge. As “nonessential” services such as schools and daycare centers abruptly closed, HCWs serving on the frontlines in inpatient settings needed a way to both fight the pandemic and care for their children.

Approach
Medical students at Oregon Health & Science University were able to rapidly OR organize to provide childcare for essential HCWs. For roughly 8 weeks following the state of emergency (March 13 through May 15, 2020), students used Twitter and emerging technology to match families in need of childcare with a trainee volunteer.

Outcomes
By May 15th, the service had successfully fulfilled 181 of the 202 requests for childcare (90%) over the course of 8 weeks. Of the 181 completed childcare requests, 172 (95%) were fulfilled by an individual (1:1 volunteer-to-household pairing), and 9 (5%) were fulfilled by 2 or more volunteers.

Next Steps
The trainees who provided childcare will apply the skills learned (e.g., clear communication, grassroots organizing, triaging, leveraging new technology) to patient care. Broader applications for this system include organizing volunteers to conduct contract tracing or to provide public health information in languages other than English. Future research includes examining the effect of the service on the productivity, morale, and mental health of both those who provided and received childcare.
Adaptive Behavior Profiles of Intellectually Gifted Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Dempsey Jack , Ahmed Kelli , Simon Andrea R. , Hayutin Lisa G. , Monteiro Sonia , Dempsey Allison G. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
The purpose of this study is to identify whether the well-described pattern of declining adaptive functioning across age among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) also exists among intellectually gifted children with ASD because their cognitive abilities might serve as a protective factor.

Methods:
Data from the Simons Simplex Collection were used to identify 51 participants with full-scale intelligence (IQ) scores of 130 or above with this group labeled as the intellectually gifted range (IGR). Two comparison samples of children with IQs in the intellectual disability range (IDR; < 70 Standard Score [SS]) and average range (AR; 85–115 SS) were created based on matching of age (±2 years), maternal education level, and sex.

Results:
Multivariate analysis of variance indicated a main overall effect for the IQ group on a measure of adaptive skills (Λ = 0.61, F(6, 296), p < 0.001). Post hoc comparisons revealed that the IDR group scored lower on all subscales than the AR and IGR groups, but the scores between the latter groups did not differ from one another in socialization and daily living skills (DLS) domains. Age was negatively correlated with adaptive communication scores in all groups but only associated with socialization and DLS domain scores in the IGR group (r = −0.51 and −0.48, respectively).

Conclusion:
The findings suggest that intellectual giftedness does not serve as a protective factor against age-related declines in adaptive functioning among individuals with ASD.
Longitudinal Psychiatric and Developmental Outcomes in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome: A Systematic Review
Authors: Jhawar Nandini , Brown Marissa J. , Cutler-Landsman Donna , Kates Wendy R. , Angkustsiri Kathleen , Antshel Kevin M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract:

Objective:
22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is a common genetic deletion syndrome associated with psychiatric disorders and developmental delays. A significant amount of 22q11DS research literature is published annually; here, we focus exclusively on longitudinal data that have been published in the past 5 years regarding psychiatric disorders and/or cognitive and social development. After a review, areas for future research consideration and clinical recommendations are presented.

Methods:
Articles were reviewed and organized in adherence with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for conducting systematic reviews. The literature search identified 852 studies, and 22 studies met inclusion criteria.

Results:
Longitudinal study findings indicate that developmental considerations for youth with 22q11DS should focus on the primacy and enduring nature of social and executive functioning deficits, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, and negative symptoms of psychosis.

Conclusion:
From the diathesis of physiological conditions and genetic variance, 22q11DS and its associated phenotype of persistent cognitive deficits, comorbid psychiatric disorders, and social impairments likely conspire to increase the risk for stress in adolescence. The diathesis-stress framework, along with chronic stress, increases psychosis risk in individuals with 22q11DS. The existing literature has a heavy focus on the impact of the deletion on individual skills and attributes, such as cognition, but lacks information on the impact of the environment. Future 22q11DS research should consider specific aspects of social functioning, including interactions with parenting styles and family communication, as well as high demands in educational settings, as possible risk factors for psychosis.
Ear Infection Trajectories and Academic, Behavioral, and Quality-of-Life Outcomes: A Population-Based Longitudinal Study
Authors: Wang Jing , Quach Jon , Sung Valerie , Carew Peter , Wake Melissa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract:

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to investigate (1) typical trajectories of parent-reported ear infections throughout childhood and (2) their associations with child outcomes.

Method:
Design and participants: Two parallel cohorts assessed biennially from 2004 to 2014 spanning ages 0–1 to 10–11 years (B cohort, n = 3721) and ages 4–5 to 14–15 years (K cohort, n = 3489) in the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. Ear infection: Parent-reported ongoing ear infections (B: waves 1–6; K: waves 1, 2, 4, and 5). Outcomes (wave 6): National academic standardized test, teacher-reported learning, parent- and teacher-reported behavior, and self-reported quality of life. Analysis: Latent class models identified ear infection trajectories. Linear regression quantified associations between trajectories and outcomes.

Results:
Four probability trajectories of ear infections emerged in both cohorts: “consistently low” (B 86.2%, K 87.0%), “moderate to low” (5.5%, 9.7%), “low to moderate” (7.0%, 1.5%), and “consistently high” (1.4%, 1.8%). In K cohort, the “consistently high” group had the worst outcomes (effect sizes 0.2–0.8 SDs), with effect sizes largest for psychosocial and language outcomes. “Moderate to low” and “low to moderate” groups showed marginal to no academic associations, although behavior and quality-of-life scores were 0.2 to 0.3 SDs poorer than the “consistently low” group. Similar but attenuated associations were seen in B cohort.

Conclusion:
Sizable adverse adolescent outcomes follow parent reports of persistent ongoing ear infections throughout childhood. Despite a possibility of reverse causation, this suggests that cumulative rather than age-specific ear infections are most important to outcomes. Clinicians may generally be reassuring about ongoing ear infections limited to either early or middle childhood but should proactively identify and manage the small subgroup whose early infections persist throughout the elementary school years.
Remdesivir-Associated Pancreatitis
Authors: Khadka Sushmita , Williams Karen , Solanki Shantanu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We report a case of acute pancreatitis that developed after four days of remdesivir therapy in a patient being treated for COVID-19. Despite improvement in patient's respiratory status, abdominal pain worsened and clinical signs and symptoms progressed to a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis 4 days after initiation of remdesivir therapy. Withdrawal of remdesivir paired with medical management of acute pancreatitis led to the resolution of pancreatitis within three days. To our knowledge, this is the first case report depicting remdesivir as a possible cause of acute pancreatitis.
Effects of Laparoscopic Radical Gastrectomy on Peritoneal Micrometastases of Gastric Cancer
Authors: Wei Chengzhi , Yu Zhu , Wang Gonghe , Zhou Yiming , Tian Lei 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Some reports asserted that the stimulation of ultrasonic scalpel and the persistent state of carbon dioxide (CO2) pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic surgery may affect the adhesion and invasion of gastric cancer (GC) cells. This study aimed to reveal the effects of laparoscopic radical gastrectomy on peritoneal micrometastases (PM) of GC.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty-three patients who underwent laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for GC were enrolled in the study. The expressions of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) mRNA and dopa decarboxylase (DDC) mRNA in peritoneal lavage fluid were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The positive rates of CEA mRNA and DDC mRNA in preoperative peritoneal lavage fluid (pre-CEA, pre-DDC) were compared with those in postoperative lavage fluid (post-CEA, post-DDC). The correlation between the expressions of pre-CEA and pre-DDC and clinicopathologic factors and disease-free survival was analyzed.

Results:
There was no significant difference in the positive rates of pre-CEA and pre-DDC compared with those of post-CEA and post-DDC (all P>0.05). The positive rates of pre-CEA and pre-DDC increased with the increase of TNM stage, deepening of invasion, lymph node metastasis, and serosal invasion (all P<0.05), but had no correlation with tumor location, size, degree of differentiation, nerve invasion, and vascular invasion (all P>0.05). The disease-free survival in the combined positive patients was lower than that in the negative patients.

Conclusions:
Laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for GC is safe and feasible, without increasing the risk of PM. The PM of GC may be associated with late tumor stage, deep infiltration, lymph node metastasis, and serosal invasion.
Emerging SARS-CoV-2 mutation hotspots associated with clinical outcomes
Authors: Pang Xianwu , Li Pu , Zhang Lifeng , Que Lusheng , Dong Min , Wang Qihui , Wei Yinfeng , Xie Bo , Xie Xing , Li Lanxiang , Yin Chunyue , Wei Liuchun , Zhou Qingniao , Li Yingfang , Yu Lei , Li Weidong , Mo Zengnan , Leng Jing , Hu Yanling 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Understanding the influence of mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 gene on clinical outcomes and related factors is critical for treatment and prevention. Here, we analyzed 209,551 high-coverage complete virus sequences and 321 RNA-seq samples to mine the mutations associated with clinical outcome in the SARS-CoV-2 genome. Several important hotspot variants were found to be associated with severe clinical outcomes. Q57H variant in ORF3a protein were found to be associated with higher mortality rate, and was high proportion in severe cases (39.36%) and 501Y.V2 strains (100%) but poorly proportional to asymptomatic cases (10.04%). T265I could change nsp2 structure and mitochondrial permeability, and evidently higher in severe cases (20.12%) and 501Y.V2 strains (100%) but lower in asymptomatic cases (1.43%). Additionally, R203K and G204R could decrease the flexibility and immunogenic property of N protein with high frequency among severe cases, VUI 202012/01 and 484K.V2 strains. Interestingly, the SARS-CoV-2 genome was more susceptible to mutation because of the high frequency of nt14408 mutation (which located in RNA polymerase) and the high expression levels of ADAR and APOBEC in severe clinical outcomes. In conclusion, several important mutation hotspots in the SARS-CoV-2 genome associated with clinical outcomes was found in our study, and that might correlate with different SARS-CoV-2 mortality rates.
Temporal perturbations cause movement-context independent but modality specific sensorimotor adaptation
Authors: Schlichting Nadine , Kartashova Tatiana , Wiesing Michael , Zimmermann Eckart 
Published: April 2021

AbstractComplex, goal-directed and time-critical movements require the processing of temporal features in sensory information as well as the fine-tuned temporal interplay of several effectors. Temporal estimates used to produce such behavior may thus be obtained through perceptual or motor processes. To disentangle the two options, we tested whether adaptation to a temporal perturbation in an interval reproduction task transfers to interval reproduction tasks with varying sensory information (visual appearance of targets, modality, virtual reality (VR) environment or real-world) or varying movement types (continuous arm movements or brief clicking movements). Halfway through the experiments we introduced a temporal perturbation, such that continuous pointing movements were artificially slowed down in VR, causing participants to adapt their behavior to sustain performance. In four experiments, we found that sensorimotor adaptation to temporal perturbations is independent of environment context and movement type, but modality specific. Our findings suggest that motor errors induced by temporal sensorimotor adaptation affect the modality specific perceptual processing of temporal estimates.
Three Dimensions of Association Link Migraine Symptoms and Functional Connectivity
Authors: Krimmel Samuel R. , DeSouza Danielle D. , Keaser Michael L. , Sanjanwala Bharati M. , Cowan Robert P. , Lindquist Martin A. , Haythornthwaite Jennifer , Seminowicz David A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMigraine is a heterogeneous disorder with variable symptoms and responsiveness to therapy. Due to previous analytic shortcomings, variance in migraine symptoms has been weakly and inconsistently related to brain function. Taking advantage of neural network organization measured through resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) and advanced statistical analysis, sophisticated symptom-brain mapping can now be performed. In the current analysis we used data from two sites (n=102 and 41), and performed Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA), relating RSFC with a broad range of migraine symptoms ranging from headache characteristics to sleep abnormalities. This identified three dimensions of covariance between symptoms and RSFC. Importantly, none of these dimensions bore any relationship with subject motion. The first dimension was related to headache intensity, headache frequency, pain catastrophizing, affect, sleep disturbances, and somatic abnormalities, and was associated with frontoparietal and dorsal attention network connectivity, both of which are major cognitive networks. Additionally, RSFC scores from this dimension – both the baseline value and the change from baseline to post-intervention – were associated with clinical responsiveness to mind-body therapy. The second dimension was related to an inverse association between pain and anxiety, and to default mode network connectivity. The final dimension was related to pain catastrophizing, and salience, sensorimotor and default mode network connectivity. These unique symptom/brain-mappings over three dimensions provide novel network targets to modify specific ensembles of symptoms. In addition to performing CCA, we evaluated the current clustering of migraine patients into episodic and chronic subtypes, and found no evidence to support this clustering. However, when using RSFC scores from the three significant dimensions, we identified a novel clustering of migraine patients into four biotypes with unique functional connectivity patterns. These findings provide new insight into individual variability in migraine, and could serve as the foundation for novel therapies that take advantage of migraine heterogeneity.
Impact of pubertal onset on region-specificEsr2expression
Authors: Drzewiecki Carly M. , Sellinger Elli P. , Juraska Janice M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn female rats, pubertal onset is associated with maturation of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and mPFC-mediated behaviors. These behavioral and anatomical changes are likely due to effects of estrogen at the nuclear estrogen receptor beta (ERβ), which is expressed at higher levels than the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) isoform in the adult mPFC. Researchers have previously quantified ERβ protein andEsr2RNA in rodents during early postnatal development and adulthood, but an adolescent-specific trajectory of this receptor in the mPFC has not been documented. Given that levels ofEsr2can fluctuate in the presence or absence of estrogens, puberty and the subsequent rise in gonadal hormones could influence ERβ expression in the adolescent brain. To further explore this, we used RNAscope to quantify the amount ofEsr2mRNA in pre-pubertal adolescent, recently post-pubertal adolescent, and adult female rats. We show here thatEsr2expression decreases significantly in the mPFC, striatum and motor cortex between pre-pubertal adolescence and adulthood. In the mPFC, this decrease occurs rapidly at pubertal onset, with no significant decrease inEsr2levels between the recently post-pubertal and adult cohort. In contrast in the striatum and motor cortex, there were no significant differences in the amount ofEsr2between pre- and post-pubertal females. Insofar as the amount ofEsr2is proportional to functional ERβ, these results suggest ERβ decreases in a region-specific pattern in response to pubertal onset and highlight a role for this receptor in the maturational events that occur in the female rat mPFC at puberty.
Interrogating the promise of technology in epilepsy care: systematic, hermeneutic review
Authors: Papoutsi Chrysanthi , Collins Christian D.E. , Christopher Alexandra , Shaw Sara E. , Greenhalgh Trisha 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTechnology development is gathering pace in epilepsy with seizure detection devices promising to transform self‐care and service provision. However, such accounts often neglect the uncertainties, displacements and responsibilities that technology‐supported care generates. This review brings together a heterogeneous literature, identified through systematic searches in 8 databases and snowball searching, to interrogate how technology becomes positioned in epilepsy care. We took a hermeneutic approach in our analysis of the 206 included articles, which resulted in the development of a conceptual framework surfacing the underlying logics by which technology‐supported epilepsy care is organised. Each of these logics enacts different techno‐scientific futures and carries specific assumptions about how (often imagined) ‘users’ and their bodies become co‐constituted. Our review shows that studies in this area remain primarily deterministic and technology‐focused. Few draw phenomenological insights on lived experiences with epilepsy or use social theory to problematise the role of technology. We propose future directions for sociotechnical, theory‐driven studies of technology in epilepsy care and offer a framework transferable across other long‐term conditions.
Camera trap survey of mammals in the Fazao‐Malfakassa National Park, Togo, West Africa
Authors: Assou Délagnon , D'Cruze Neil , Kirkland Hannah , Auliya Mark , Macdonald David W. , Segniagbeto Gabriel H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFor the first time in Togo, we used camera trapping to investigate the mammal community in Fazao‐Malfakassa National Park (FMNP), a forest and savannah mosaic landscape subject to poaching and other detrimental anthropogenic activity. We compiled a species inventory, that is species occurrence, habitat use and activity patterns during dry and wet seasons. Based on images from >80 locations during 9,007 camera days, we identified 32 mammal species, which, when combined with other published studies, increases the total number of mammals (excluding bats) historically reported to 57 species. Our results confirm the presence of five mammal species evaluated as threatened according to the IUCN Red List, highlighting the significant conservation value of the FMNP. Specifically, it appears to be the only protected area in Togo where the African savannah elephant and the African forest elephant occur sympatrically, and only the second site currently known with direct observations of Walter's duiker. We also report the presence of poachers and other anthropogenic activity within the FMNP. We recommend that continued survey efforts should be combined with detailed ecological data collection, effective law enforcement, community outreach and eco‐tourism development, to safeguard the remaining mammal species communities necessary for a functioning ecosystem in the park.