bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Myelin Phagocytosis by Microglia/Macrophages in Nervous Tissue Using Flow Cytometry
Authors: Gómez‐López Ariadna Regina , Manich Gemma , Recasens Mireia , Almolda Beatriz , González Berta , Castellano Bernardo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDetermination of microglial phagocytosis of myelin has acquired importance in the study of demyelinating diseases. One strategy to determine microglial phagocytosis capacity consists of assaying microglia with fluorescently labeled myelin; however, most approaches are performed in cell culture, where microglia usually show important phenotypic differences compared with in vivo conditions. In this article we describe an adapted flow cytometry protocol to assay myelin phagocytosis by microglia obtained directly from in vivo tissue of the central nervous system. Key steps for a first analysis of phagocytic microglia are provided. Additionally, we describe how to fluorescently label myelin using a pH‐sensitive tag, pHrodo™ Green STP Ester. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol: Assay for determination of myelin phagocytosis by microglia/macrophages using flow cytometrySupport Protocol 1: Conjugation of isolated and purified myelin with pHrodo Green STP EsterSupport Protocol 2: Quantification of phagocytic cell number by flow cytometry
Expanded Ring NHC Silver Carboxylate Complexes as Efficient and Reusable Catalysts for the Carboxylative Cyclization of Unsubstituted Propargylic Derivatives
Authors: Cervantes‐Reyes Alejandro , Saxl Tobias , Stein Philipp M. , Rudolph Matthias , Rominger Frank , Asiri Abdullah M. , Hashmi A. Stephen K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractStabilized by a bulky N‐heterocyclic carbene [BPDPr, 1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐1,3‐diazonine‐2‐ylidene] ligand, new silver carboxylate complexes of the form BPDPrAgO2C‐R (R=Me, Ph) have been synthesized and fully characterized in solution and in the solid state and implemented as sole catalysts (base‐, additive‐, and, in some cases, solvent‐free) in the challenging fixation of carbon dioxide to unsubstituted propargylic derivatives for the synthesis of oxazolidinones and α‐methylene cyclic carbonates. Derived from X‐ray diffraction studies, the molecular geometry and the concept of buried volume were employed to describe the structural and steric features of these silver complexes. Their stability and efficiency as catalysts have been demonstrated by the synthesis of 29 carboxylation products (72–98 % yield) at low catalyst loadings (0.01–1.5 mol%). Characteristics are high turnover numbers (up to 9400), catalyst recyclability (up to 96 % yield after the 7th cycle with no decomposition of the silver complex), and the possibility to scale‐up the reaction.
Coupling Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction with Thermocatalysis Enables the Formation of a Lactone Monomer
Authors: Ponsard Louise , Nicolas Emmanuel , Tran Ngoc Huan , Lamaison Sarah , Wakerley David , Cantat Thibault , Fontecave Marc 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCarbonylation reactions that generate high‐value chemical feedstocks are integral to the formation of many industrially significant compounds. However, these processes require the use of CO, which is invariably derived from fossil‐fuel‐reforming reactions. CO may also be generated through the electroreduction of CO2, but the coupling of these two processes is yet to be considered. Merging electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO with thermocatalytic use of CO would expand the range of the chemicals produced from CO2. This work describes the development of a system coupling a high‐pressure CO2 electrolytic cell containing a bimetallic ZnAg catalyst at the cathode for production of CO with a reactor with a Faradaic efficiency of >90 % where high pressure CO is used for carbonylating propylene oxide into β‐butyrolactone by thermal catalysis, the latter step having a reaction yield above 80 %. Although the production of monomers and polymers from CO2 is currently limited to organic carbonates, this strategy opens up the access to lactones from CO2, for the formation of polyesters.
Model predictive control of a modified five‐level inverter with decreased device counts
Authors: Afjeh Mohsen Ghorbanali , Babaei Mojtaba 
Published: March 2021

SummaryIn this paper, a modified single‐phase five‐level inverter is proposed with a single DC source and six switches. Comparing with the presented converters, the proposed topology has the advantage of reduced device count and the fundamental switching frequency for high blocking voltage switches. The proposed converter implements without clamping diodes and transformers, which reducing the volume, moreover mass of the inverter. In order to achieve the optimum output voltage, the model predictive controller is proposed as a rapid dynamic and semi‐low‐computation digital control system. This closed‐loop system is implemented in TMS320f28335 digital signal processor to assess the performance of the proposed converter under nonlinear and linear loads. Analytical investigation, including simulation and an experimental result, shows compliance with IEC 62040‐3 for inverters in standalone applications.
eDNA in a bottleneck: Obstacles to fish metabarcoding studies in megadiverse freshwater systems
Authors: Jackman Jake M. , Benvenuto Chiara , Coscia Ilaria , Oliveira Carvalho Cintia , Ready Jonathan S. , Boubli Jean P. , Magnusson William E. , McDevitt Allan D. , Guimarães Sales Naiara 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe current capacity of environmental DNA (eDNA) to provide accurate insights into the biodiversity of megadiverse regions (e.g., the Neotropics) requires further evaluation to ensure its reliability for long‐term monitoring. In this study, we first evaluated the taxonomic resolution capabilities of a short fragment from the 12S rRNA gene widely used in fish eDNA metabarcoding studies, and then compared eDNA metabarcoding data from water samples with traditional sampling using nets. For the taxonomic discriminatory power analysis, we used a specifically curated reference dataset consisting of 373 sequences from 258 neotropical fish species (including 47 newly generated sequences) to perform a genetic distance‐based analysis of the amplicons targeted by the MiFish primer set. We obtained an optimum delimitation threshold value of 0.5% due to lowest cumulative errors. The barcoding gap analysis revealed only a 51.55% success rate in species recovery (133/258), highlighting a poor taxonomic resolution from the targeted amplicon. To evaluate the empirical performance of this amplicon for biomonitoring, we assessed fish biodiversity using eDNA metabarcoding from water samples collected from the Amazon (Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve and two additional locations outside the Reserve). From a total of 84 identified Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs), only four could be assigned to species level using a fixed threshold. Measures of α‐diversity analyses within the Reserve showed similar patterns in each site between the number of MOTUs (eDNA dataset) and species (netting data) found. However, β‐diversity revealed contrasting patterns between the methods. We therefore suggest that a new approach is needed, underpinned by sound taxonomic knowledge, and a more thorough evaluation of better molecular identification procedures such as multi‐marker metabarcoding approaches and tailor‐made (i.e., order‐specific) taxonomic delimitation thresholds.
Everyday political geographies of community‐building: Exploring the practices of three Zimbabwean permaculture communities
Authors: Richardson‐Ngwenya Pamela 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPermaculture is an approach to sustainable design thinking, agriculture, and community, as well as a globalized movement. This article explores how different practices and processes of permaculture have generated different political registers of “community,” at three permaculture sites in Zimbabwe. Speaking to recent online media that asks “Is permaculture political?,” as well as to the academic literature critiquing localized environmental initiatives as “postpolitical,” the article adopts a feminist political ecology (FPE) framework to discuss two modalities in which the geographies of community‐building can be registered aspolitical. First, I look at how subjectivities and intracommunity power relations have been reshaped through participatory practices of governance, taking on entrenched gender‐ and age‐based power relations in particular. Second, comes the idea ofcommunityas a more‐than‐human ontology. An FPE analysis offers an original perspective on how permaculture has become actualized in the Zimbabwean context. The research approach built on Gibson‐Graham's calls to engage performatively with examples of diverse economies and aimed to serve the efforts of these communities in a small way, by celebrating and documenting their activities and creating public media outputs. Contributing to the literature on permaculture, as well as to debates around community‐based environmental movements, an FPE perspective frames these community‐building efforts in terms of everyday political practices and performances. I conclude that while FPE draws attention to these everyday politics, permaculture practitioners actualize them and in doing so, make a much‐needed contribution to cultivating, or “worlding” diverse, more‐than‐human economies.
Benchmark dose risk analysis with mixed‐factor quantal data in environmental risk assessment
Authors: Sans‐Fuentes Maria A. , Piegorsch Walter W. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBenchmark analysis is a general risk estimation strategy for identifying the benchmark dose (BMD) past which the risk of exhibiting an adverse environmental response exceeds a fixed, target value of benchmark response. Estimation of BMD and of its lower confidence limit (BMDL) is well understood for the case of an adverse response to a single stimulus. In many environmental settings, however, one or more additional, secondary, qualitative factor(s) may collude to affect the adverse outcome, such that the risk changes with differential levels of the secondary factor. This article extends the single‐dose BMD paradigm to a mixed‐factor setting with a secondary qualitative factor possessing two levels. With focus on quantal‐response data and using a generalized linear model with a complementary‐log link function, we derive expressions for BMD and BMDL. We study the operating characteristics of six different multiplicity‐adjusted approaches to calculate the BMDL, using Monte Carlo evaluations. We illustrate the calculations via an example dataset from environmental carcinogenicity testing.
The Lavrion silver district: Reassessing its ancient mining history
Authors: Ross James , Voudouris Panagiotis , Melfos Vasilios , Vaxevanopoulos Markos , Soukis Konstantinos , Merigot Kelly 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLavrion was an important silver mining district in the ancient world, exploited almost continuously from the fourth millennium BC. Its mining history is central to understanding the availability of silver, lead and copper in Greece and the Aegean through the Bronze age. This history is also relevant to the phenomenal rise of Athens in the 5th century BC. Our reassessment of the mineralisation and ancient mining history at Lavrion provides a clearer understanding of its capacity to generate wealth and the scale of its impact on Athens. Integration of new geochemical and geological data with existing information has produced outcomes that help address these two issues. Foremost is the contrasting character of mineralisation at the upper 'first' and lower 'third' contacts and their marked differences in silver content, spatial distribution and supergene alteration. Discovery of the concealed, bonanza mineralisation of the third contact at Kamariza, possibly early in the 5th century BC, followed about 3000 years of mining, which appears to have been largely restricted to discontinuous, low‐grade mineralisation at the first contact. Undoubtedly, this later discovery had enduring impacts on Lavrion and Athens, and it most likely funded the trireme fleet, which brought victory over the Persians at Salamis in 480 BC.
A comparative study of the effect of the Time for Dementia programme on medical students
Authors: Banerjee Sube , Jones Christopher , Wright Juliet , Grosvenor Wendy , Hebditch Molly , Hughes Leila , Feeney Yvonne , Farina Nicolas , Mackrell Sophie , Nilforooshan Ramin , Fox Chris , Bremner Stephen , Daley Stephanie 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundTraditional healthcare education typically focuses on short block clinical placements based on acute care, investigations and technical aspects of diagnosis and treatment. It may therefore fail to build the understanding, compassion and person‐centred empathy needed to help those with long‐term conditions, like dementia. Time for Dementia was developed to address this.MethodParallel group comparison of two cohorts of UK medical students from universities, one participating in Time for Dementia (intervention group) and one not (control group). In Time for Dementia students visit a person with dementia and their family in pairs for 2 hours three times a year for 2 years, the control group received their normal curriculum.ResultsIn an adjusted multilevel model (intervention group n = 274, control n = 112), there was strong evidence supporting improvements for Time for Dementia participants in: total Approaches to Dementia Questionnaire score (coefficient: 2.19, p = 0.003) and its person‐centredness subscale (1.32, p = 0.006) and weaker evidence in its hopefulness subscale (0.78, p = 0.070). There was also strong evidence of improvement in the Dementia Knowledge Questionnaire (1.63, p < 0.001) and Dementia Attitudes Scale (total score: 6.55, p < 0.001; social comfort subscale: 4.15, p < 0.001; dementia knowledge subscale: 3.38, p = 0.001) scores. No differences were observed on the Alzheimer's Disease Knowledge Scale, the Medical Condition Regard Scale or the Jefferson Scale of Empathy.DiscussionTime for Dementia may help improve the attitudes of medical students towards dementia promoting a person‐centred approach and increasing social comfort. Such patient‐focused programmes may be a useful complement to traditional medical education.
Swallowing and communication outcomes following primary transoral robotic surgery
Authors: Charters Emma , Wu Raymond , Milross Chris , Bogaardt Hans , Freeman‐Sanderson Amy , Ballard Kirrie , Davies Sarah , Oates Justine , Clark Jonathan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundHeterogeneity within studies examining transoral robotic surgery (TORS) for oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) has made it challenging to make clear conclusions on functional outcomes. Infrequent use of instrumental swallow examinations compounds uncertainty surrounding the proposed functional advantage to TORS.MethodsA prospective cohort of 49 patients underwent speech and swallowing assessment 12 months following treatment for OPC. Patients were assessed using fibreoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES), clinician‐ and patient‐reported outcomes. Participants were matched according to tumor site, T category, and age. Speech and swallowing outcomes were compared for those receiving TORS versus chemoradiation.ResultsWhen adjuvant radiotherapy to the primary site could be avoided, TORS demonstrated an advantage for feeding tube duration, secretion severity, penetration/aspiration, M. D. Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI), and airway protection.ConclusionThis explorative study suggests that a treatment philosophy of selecting patients for TORS where adjuvant therapy can be omitted or confined to the neck warrants further evaluation.
Synthesis of Enantiopure Benzo Fused Cyclic Sulfoximines Through Stereoselective [3+2] Cycloaddition between N‐tert‐Butanesulfinyl [(2‐Pyridyl)sulfonyl]‐difluoromethyl Ketimines and Arynes
Authors: Rong Jian , Ni Chuanfa , Gu Yucheng , Hu Jinbo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe previously developed stereoselective [3+2] cycloaddition between N‐tert‐butanesulfinyl ketimines and arynes has been extended to the synthesis of enantiopure [(2‐pyridyl)sulfonyl]difluoromethylated cyclic sulfoximines. The use of 2‐PySO2CF2 as the facilitating group offers new opportunities for the elaboration of the [3+2] cycloaddition products by virtue of the diverse relativity of 2‐pyridyl sulfones.
Comparing Australian health worker and student attitudes and concerns about providing care to people living with hepatitis B
Authors: Brener Loren , Cama Elena , Broady Tim , Hopwood Max , Treloar Carla 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIssue addressedHepatitis B (HBV) is a major public health issue with over 250 million people chronically infected worldwide. In Australia, prevalence is higher among migrant communities and these groups may be reticent to attend health care services due to concerns about experiencing stigma and discrimination. The way health workers perceive their clients, particularly those of migrant backgrounds, may influence the way they treat these clients and the quality of care provided. This study investigated and compared the attitudes and concerns health workers and health students have towards working with clients living with HBV.MethodsHealth workers (n = 551) and students (n = 199) completed an online survey which investigated attitudes towards people living with HBV, comfort with providing care for these clients and concerns they have about working with them.ResultsHealth students expressed less comfort (U = 47 611, z = −2.73, P = .006) and reported more concerns about working with people with HBV than qualified health workers (U = 61611.50, z = 2.64, P = .008). Students’ concerns were centred around their own ability to provide care rather than issues related to clients. There were no differences in overall attitudes towards people living with HBV between health workers and students.ConclusionTo address concerns that health workers and students may have in working with people living with HBV, particularly those from migrant communities, and to ensure that health workers feel comfortable and confident, HBV workforce development should be included in undergraduate and postgraduate training programmes as well as in continuing professional education.So what?This will assist the health workforce to develop competency in the treatment of people living with HBV, with the ultimate aim of providing best quality, non‐judgemental care to all people living with HBV.
A biphasic response of polymerized Type 1 collagen architectures to dermatan sulfate
Authors: Jyothsna Konkada Manattayil , Sarkar Purba , Jha Keshav Kumar , A. S. Lal Krishna , Raghunathan Varun , Bhat Ramray 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCollagen I, the most abundant extracellular matrix (ECM) protein in vertebrate tissues provides mechanical durability to tissue microenvironments and regulates cell function. Its fibrillogenesis in biological milieu is predominantly regulated by dermatan sulfate proteoglycans, proteins conjugated with iduronic acid‐containing dermatan sulfate (DS) glycosaminoglycans (GAG). Although DS is known to regulate tissue function through its modulation of Coll I architecture, a precise understanding of the latter remains elusive. We investigated this problem by visualizing the fibrillar pattern of fixed Coll I gels polymerized in the presence of varying concentrations of DS using second harmonic generation microscopy. Measuring mean second harmonic generation signal (which estimates the ordering of the fibrils), and surface occupancy (which estimates the space occupied by fibrils) supported by confocal reflectance microscopy, our observations indicated that the effect on fibril pattern of DS is contextual upon the latter's concentrations: Lower levels of DS resulted in sparse disorganized fibrils; higher levels restore organization, with fibrils occupying greater space. An appropriate change in elasticity as a result of DS levels was also observed through atomic force microscopy. Examination of dye‐based GAG staining and scanning electron microscopy suggested distinct constitutions of Coll I gels when polymerized with higher and lower levels of DS. We observed that adhesion of the invasive ovarian cancer cells SKOV3 decreased for lower DS levels but was partially restored at higher DS levels. Our study shows how the Coll I gel pattern‐tuning of DS is of relevance for understanding its biomaterial applications and possibly, pathophysiological functions.
Retracted: A new Zn(II) coordination polymer: Selective detection of Fe3+ and treatment activity of the exercise induced traumatic osteoarthritis by reducing reactive oxygen species production
Authors: Ding Xuan‐Xi , Xie Zhi‐Hui , Li Guang‐Jie , Zhao Yue‐Sheng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThrough utilizing the fluorescent ligand of tris(4‐(triazol‐1‐yl)phenyl)amine, an innovative Zn(II)‐based coordination polymer formulated as {[Zn2(μ‐OH2)(TTPA)(DTDN)2·DMF]·H2O}n (1, DTDN = 6,6′‐dithiodinicotinate and TTPA = tris(4‐(1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)phenyl)amine) has been successfully prepared by using the H2DTDN as the auxiliary ligand under the solvothermal reaction conditions and structurally characterized. According to the results of fluorescence spectrum analysis, complex 1 has high sensitivity and selectivity for Fe3+ ion. It can effectively detect Fe3+, the linear range is from 0 to 1,000 μM, and the detection limit of Fe3+ is 8.65 nM. Its treatment activity against exercise induced traumatic osteoarthritis was estimated and its detail mechanism was also investigated in meantime. First, the detection assay of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was implemented for the assessment of the ROS levels produced in the articular soft tissue after compound treatment. Besides, the reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) was also conducted and the genes relative expression related with ROS production was measured after compound exposure.
FAM201A knockdown inhibits proliferation and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells by regulating miR‐7515/GLO1 axis
Authors: Huang Jun , Yu Qiuhua , Zhou Yanjuan , Chu Ying , Jiang Feng , Wang Qiang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most important histological type of lung cancer. We aimed to identify the role of long noncoding RNA family with sequence similarity 201‐member A (FAM201A) in the occurrence and development of LUAD. The expressions of FAM201A in LUAD tissues and cells were determined via reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The effects of FAM201A knockdown on LUAD cell malignant phenotypes were examined by cell counting kit‐8, 5‐ethynyl‐2’‐deoxyuridine, flow cytometry, transwell assay and wound healing assay. The underlying mechanism by which FAM201A regulated LUAD progression was also studied. Nude mice LUAD xenograft model was constructed, to explore the in vivo effect of FAM201A. Our results showed that the FAM201A expression in LUAD tissues and cell lines was notably higher than normal tissues and cells. Downregulation of FAM201A suppressed the cell proliferation, migration and invasion and promoted the cell apoptosis in LUAD cells. While, FAM201A overexpression showed tumorigenesis effect on LUAD cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that FAM201A affected LUAD progression via targeting miR‐7515 to promote GLO1 expression. FAM201A downregulation also suppressed LUAD development in vivo experiment. Our results indicated that FAM201A was an oncogene in LUAD and might be a novel therapeutic target for LUAD.
A short note on conflict‐free coloring on closed neighborhoods of bounded degree graphs
Authors: Bhyravarapu Sriram , Kalyanasundaram Subrahmanyam , Mathew Rogers 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe closed neighborhood conflict‐free chromatic number of a graph , denoted by , is the minimum number of colors required to color the vertices of such that for every vertex, there is a color that appears exactly once in its closed neighborhood. Pach and Tardos showed that , for any , where is the maximum degree. In 2014, Glebov et al. showed existence of graphs with . In this article, we bridge the gap between the two bounds by showing that .