bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis among asymptomatic cirrhosis patients undergoing outpatient paracentesis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alotaibi Ammar , Almaghrabi Majed , Ahmed Osman , Rodrigues David , Iansavichene Alla , Puka Klajdi , Gandhi Radhika , Sey Michael , Patel Keyur , Brahmania Mayur 
Published: August 2021

Introduction
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a common complication of decompensated cirrhosis with high morbidity and mortality rate. There is a paucity of evidence regarding the incidence of SBP in asymptomatic liver cirrhosis patients undergoing routine out-patient large-volume paracentesis (LVP). The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the incidence of SBP among asymptomatic decompensated cirrhosis patients undergoing routine outpatient LVP.

Methods
A systematic search of Ovid Medline, Embase, Web of Science and CENTRAL electronic databases was performed in January 2021, along with a manual search of reference lists of retrieved articles. Data were extracted to determine the incidence of SBP [polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) greater than 250 PMNs/mm3 with or without positive culture] and the incidence of all positive paracentesis (SBP or bacterascites-positive ascitic culture but no elevation in PMNs).

Results
A total of 504 studies were retrieved with 16 studies being included in the review. A total of 1532 patients were included with a total of 4016 paracentesis performed. The incidence of a positive paracentesis (SBP and/or bacterascitis) was 4% [95% confidence interval (CI), 3–6%]. However, the incidence of definite SBP was 2% (95% CI, 1–3%).

Conclusion
The incidence of SBP in asymptomatic outpatients with decompensated cirrhosis requiring LVP is low. The benefit of routine analysis of all paracentesis samples in this population is questionable. Further studies are required to determine the cost-effectiveness of routine analysis and to determine if certain subgroups are at higher risk of SBP that require routine analysis.
Racial Disparities in Avoidable Hospitalizations in Traditional Medicare and Medicare Advantage
Authors: Park Sungchul , Fishman Paul , Coe Norma B. 
Published: August 2021

Importance:
Compared with traditional Medicare (TM), Medicare Advantage (MA) has the potential to reduce racial disparities in hospitalizations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSC). As racial disparities may be partly attributable to unequal treatment based on where people live, this suggests the need of examining geographic variations in racial disparities.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to examine differences in ACSC hospitalizations between White and Black beneficiaries in TM and MA and examine geographic variations in racial differences in ACSC hospitalizations in TM and MA.

Methods:
We analyzed the 2015−2016 Medicare Provider Analysis and Review files. We used propensity score matching to account for differences in characteristics between TM and MA beneficiaries. Then, we conducted linear regression and estimated adjusted outcomes for TM and MA beneficiaries by race. Also, we estimated racial differences in adjusted outcomes by insurance and hospital referral region (HRR).

Results:
While White beneficiaries in TM and MA had similar rates of ACSC hospitalizations (163.7 vs. 162.2/10,000 beneficiaries), Black beneficiaries in MA had higher rates of ACSC hospitalizations than Black beneficiaries in TM (221.2 vs. 209.3/10,000 beneficiaries). However, the racial differences were greater in MA than TM (59.0 vs. 45.6/10,000 beneficiaries). Racial differences in ACSC hospitalizations in MA were prevalent across almost all HRRs. 95.5% of HRRs had higher rates of ACSC hospitalizations among Black beneficiaries than White beneficiaries in MA relative to just 54.2% of HRRs in TM.

Conclusion:
Our findings provide evidence of racial disparities in access to high-quality primary care, especially in MA.
Cable-Stayed Face Lift: An Innovative Short-Scar Lift for Better Correction of Nasolabial Folds in East Asians
Authors: Qiu Yajing , Gao Wei , Yang Jingyan , Jin Yunbo , Zou Yun , Qiao Congzhen , Chen Hui , Lin Xiaoxi 
Published: August 2021

Background:
The improvement of nasolabial folds by either lateral superficial musculoaponeurotic system rhytidectomy or minimal access cranial suspension lift alone is commonly performed, but patient satisfaction is often limited in East Asians. An innovative technique, termed the cable-stayed face lift, which combines the strengths of lateral superficial musculoaponeurotic system rhytidectomy and minimal access cranial suspension lift, was developed for improved results.

Methods:
Between 2016 and 2019, 20 cable-stayed face lifts were performed in a single hospital. Two plastic surgeons independently evaluated postsurgery outcomes using a five-point Likert scale, where 5 = excellent, 4 = good, 3 = fair, 2 = no change, and 1 = worse. Patient satisfaction was assessed by relevant items from the FACE-Q questionnaire.

Results:
Twenty patients with a mean age of 51 years underwent face-lift surgery. The mean follow-up ± SD was 11.3 ± 9.8 months. The five-point Likert scale score evaluated by surgeons was 3.65 ± 1.08. Patient-perceived age visual analogue scale (7.8 ± 4.4) exhibited a difference between preoperative actual age and postoperative apparent age. Patients demonstrated high satisfaction with outcome (67.5 ± 16.2) and satisfaction with lower face and jawline (76.2 ± 14.9). No major complication, hematoma, or seroma was observed.

Conclusion:
The authors’ approach—cable-stayed face lift—offers a good alternative to provide a more effective effacement of nasolabial folds, by lifting the nasolabial folds with parallel vector and lower face and neck with the vertical vector.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Mandibular Reconstruction with Scapular Systems: A Single-Center Case Series Involving 208 Flaps
Authors: Harada Hiroyuki , Shimamoto Hiroaki , Oikawa Yu , Kuroshima Takeshi , Tomioka Hirofumi , Hirai Hideaki , Tsushima Fumihiko , Michi Yasuyuki 
Published: August 2021

Background:The scapular flap is the most versatile composite flap used for mandibular reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to review and summarize findings of cases of mandibular reconstruction with a scapular flap and describe associated outcomes and complications.Methods:A total of 208 microvascular scapular free flaps were performed for mandibular reconstruction in a total of 205 patients from 2003 to 2018. This study involved a retrospective review of all eligible patients’ medical records.Results:There were seven cases (3.4 percent) of microvascular thrombosis. Postoperative bone union was achieved by 201 patients, except for five with total flap necrosis and two with partial flap necrosis. There were four cases (1.9 percent) of mandibular condyle dislocation. Two major types of complications were observed at the donor site, including four cases of infection and six cases of scapular body fracture. Postoperative denture prosthesis was introduced to 97 patients (47.3 percent). Implant treatment was performed in 10 patients (4.9 percent). Functional and aesthetic outcomes were good to excellent.Conclusions:The scapular composite free flap for mandibular reconstruction was associated with favorable outcomes and demonstrated satisfactory results. Although scapular bone fracture is rare, patients who have undergone mandibular reconstruction using a scapular flap should be monitored for its presence. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:Therapeutic, IV.
Finesse in Mastopexy and Augmentation Mastopexy
Authors: Pferdehirt Rachel , Nahabedian Maurice Y. 
Published: August 2021

Learning Objectives:
After studying this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Describe surgical techniques associated with mastopexy and mastopexy augmentation. 2. Understand the evolution of mastopexy and augmentation mastopexy. 3. Address patient goals. 4. Achieve a favorable cosmetic outcome.

Summary:
The surgical techniques associated with mastopexy and mastopexy augmentation have continued to evolve. Traditional mastopexy techniques have included periareolar, circumvertical, and inverted-T patterns; however, adjuncts to these have included the use of various surgical mesh materials, implants, and fat grafting. This evidence-based article reviews how the techniques of mastopexy and augmentation mastopexy have evolved to best address patient goals and provide a favorable cosmetic outcome.
Longitudinal Study after Sputnik V Vaccination Shows Durable SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies and Reduced Viral Variant Escape over Time
Authors: Gonzalez Lopez Ledesma María M. , Sanchez Lautaro , Ojeda Diego S. , Rouco Santiago Oviedo , Rossi Andres H. , Varese Augusto , Mazzitelli Ignacio , Pascuale Carla A. , Miglietta Esteban A. , Rodríguez Pamela E. , Pallarés Horacio M. , Costa Navarro Guadalupe S. , Caramelo Julio J. , Rothlauf Paul W , Liu Zhuoming , Bloyet Louis-Marie , Pontelli Marjorie Cornejo , Rasetto Natali B. , Wenker Shirley D. , Ramis Lila Y. , Bialer Magalí G. , Jose de Leone María , Hernando C. Esteban , Bianchimano Luciana , Rios Antonella , Treffinger Cienfuegos María Soledad , Rodriguez García Diana R. , Longueira Yesica , Laufer Natalia , Alvarez Diego , Ceballos Ana , Ochoa Valeria , Monzani Cecilia , Turk Gariela , Salvatori Melina , Carradori Jorge , Prost Katherine , Rima Alejandra , Varela Claudia , Ercole Regina , Toro Rosana I. , Gutierrez Sebastian , Zubieta Martín , Acuña Dolores , Nabaes Jodar Mercedes S. , Torres Carolina , Mojsiejczuk Laura , Viegas Mariana , Velazquez Pilar , Testa Clarisa , Kreplak Nicolas , Yanovsky Marcelo , Whelan Sean , Geffner Jorge , Pifano Marina , Gamarnik Andrea V. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTRecent studies have shown a temporal increase in the neutralizing antibody potency and breadth to SARS-CoV-2 variants in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescent individuals. Here, we examined longitudinal antibody responses and viral neutralizing capacity to the B.1 lineage virus (Wuhan related), to variants of concern (VOCs: Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta) and a local variant of interest (VOI: Lambda) in volunteers receiving the Sputnik V vaccine in Argentina. A collection of 472 serum samples obtained between January and September 2021 was used. The analysis indicates that while anti-spike IgG levels significantly wane over time, the neutralizing capacity to the first-wave linages of SARS-CoV-2 and VOC are maintained within four months of vaccination. In addition, an improved antibody cross-neutralizing ability to circulating variants of concern (Beta, Gamma and Delta) was observed over time of vaccination. The viral variants that displayed higher escape to neutralizing antibodies with respect to the original virus (Beta and Gamma variants) were the ones showing the largest increase in susceptibility to neutralization over time after vaccination. Our observations indicate that serum neutralizing antibodies are maintained for at least four month and show a reduction of VOC escape over time of vaccination.
A framework for building a sustainable digital nation: essential elements and challenges
Authors: Penmetsa Murali Krishna , Bruque-Camara Sebastián 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
Nations around the globe are moving from digital transformation toward the realization of a digital nation, but they are facing challenges in the process. This study aims to build a digital nation framework by identifying these challenges and developing solutions.

Design/methodology/approach
A systematic literature review process was followed, which included the development of a review protocol, selection of research papers, data extraction and analysis of results. In total, 41 research papers were selected from the 12,624 peer-reviewed academic and research papers initially identified.

Findings
Several challenges associated with the elements of a digital nation, including people, technology, institutions, policy, economics and sustainability, are identified; and solutions to these problems are presented. This study's primary objective is to build a digital nation framework by analyzing these challenges and finding solutions to them.

Research limitations/implications
The study provides direction for building a digital nation framework, but the literature review findings are limited to journals, conference papers and government publications. Moreover, it would have been helpful if the research findings had been crosschecked with a panel of experts. This study will correct this weakness in later research.

Practical implications
This study provides policymakers and leaders with a guide for building a digital nation. This study also provides direction for researchers working in this field as little relevant research is currently available.

Originality/value
This study analyses the existing literature on the challenges surrounding digital nations and gives direction to theory building for future studies.
Empathic organizational culture and leadership: conceptualizing the framework
Authors: Arghode Vishal , Lathan Ann , Alagaraja Meera , Rajaram Kumaran , McLean Gary N. 
Published: August 2021

PurposeThis paper aims to conceptualize and discuss empathic organizational culture and leadership along with organizational implications.Design/methodology/approachThe authors reviewed literature to conceptualize empathic organizational culture and leadership. They referred to Hofstede’s organizational culture concept and studies on empathy to explore how leader–follower relationships are influenced by a leader’s empathic disposition.FindingsOrganizational leadership is instrumental in shaping employee performance. While work design, culture, peer support and resource accessibility are discernible, leadership style, control and others are covert. Leaders’ empathic attitudes and dispositions can positively influence organizational functions for improved performance. This review suggests that organizational culture should support growth, proper functioning and effective coordination between employees for improved organizational effectiveness.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors conducted searches in leadership and management journals to help conceptualize leaders’ empathic disposition. Future researchers may explore other bodies of literature and the cultural demographic differences in exhibiting empathic leadership and its effectiveness. Researchers can explore how empathic culture relates to job motivation, satisfaction and commitment. The authors suggest that future research may explore how employees’ and supervisors’ behaviors and interactions can create an empathic organizational culture.Practical implicationsThe authors identify the characteristics in an empathic leader to articulate the role of empathy in leadership. Alignment between person, group norms and organizational values is more important than the existence of culture.Originality/valueEmpathy is studied by researchers from various disciplines. Similarly, employee well-being has received attention from organizational researchers from many fields. However, researchers have given inadequate attention to conceptualizing an empathic organizational culture and its interrelationship with leadership. The authors offer a more positive perspective to the leader-member exchange (LMX) research by describing how leaders can sustain positive relationships with employees rather than the purely transactional exchanges that characterize LMX.
Board Gender Diversity and Cost of Debt: Do Firm Size and Industry type matter?
Authors: Kamil Rabiatu , Appiah Kingsley Opoku 
Published: August 2021

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the nexus between gender-diverse boards and cost of debt in the developing economies context. Specifically, the authors examine whether firm size moderates the relationship between female board representation and cost of debt, regardless of the industry type.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use panel data from 17 non-financial listed Ghanaian firms over the period 2007–2017, ordinary least square, two-stage least square and generalised method of moments estimations to test the hypothesis.FindingsThe authors find that board gender diversity is positively related to cost of debt. Further evidence suggests the interaction of firm size and board gender diversity displays a negative association with cost of debt.Practical implicationsThe study evidence suggests larger non-manufacturing firms with gender-diverse boards attract lower cost of capital in an environment with lax enforcement of rules and regulations in corporate governance.Social implicationsLenders consider the size and industry of firms in pricing debt. This has implications on UN Goal 5, highlighting that shareholders of larger non-manufacturing firms benefit immensely from board gender diversity in the context of debt.Originality/valueThe authors contribute to the board gender diversity and cost of debt literature by demonstrating that firm size and industry type matter in the developing economies context.
Simulations of reactive supersonic/subsonic flow interactions for space launcher applications
Authors: Charrier Lorris , Jubera Mathieu , Pont Grégoire , Marié Simon , Brenner Pierre , Grasso Francesco 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
The design of a space launcher requires some considerations about the unsteady loads and heat transfer occurring at the base of the structure. In particular, these phenomena are predominant during the early stage of the flight. This paper aims to evaluate the ability of the unstructured, high order finite-volume CFD solver FLUSEPA, developed by Airbus Safran Launchers, to accurately describe these phenomena.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper first performs a steady simulation on a base flow around a four-clustered rocket configuration. Results are compared with NASA experiments and Loci-CHEM simulations. Then, unsteady simulations of supersonic H2/air reacting mixing layer based on the experiment of Miller, Bowman and Mungal are performed. Three meshes with different cells number are used to study the impact of spatial resolution. Instantaneous and time-averaged concentrations are compared with the combined OH/acetone planar laser-induced fluorescence imaging from the experiment.

Findings
FLUSEPA satisfactorily predicts the base heat flux at the base of a four-clustered rocket configuration. NASA Loci-CHEM reactive simulations indicate that afterburning plays an important role and should not be neglected. The unsteady reactive computation of a supersonic mixing layer shows that FLUSEPA is also able to accurately predict flow structures and interactions. However, the complexity of the experiment and the lack of details concerning the facility prevents from obtaining satisfactory converged results.

Originality/value
This study is the first step on the development of a cost-effective method aiming at predicting unsteady loads and heat transfer on space launchers using an unsteady and reactive model for the CDF calculations. It uses original techniques such as conservative CHIMERA-like overset grids, local re-centering of fluxes and local adaptive time-stepping to reduce computational cost while being robust and accurate.
Elucidating green branding among Muslim consumers: the nexus of green brand love, image, trust and attitude
Authors: Salehzadeh Reza , Sayedan Maryam , Mirmehdi Seyed Mehdi , Heidari Aqagoli Parisa 
Published: August 2021

PurposeGreen brands are those brands that obtain attributes and benefits related to the reduction of the brands’ environmental impact. Green brand love is a very important issue for marketing managers. One of the main reasons for this degree of importance is because of the many positive outcomes that green brand love will have for organizations. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of green brand image, trust and attitude on green brand love among Muslim consumers.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, a cross-sectional survey is conducted based on the questionnaire method to collect data from a sample of 201 consumers of various automobile brands in Isfahan, Iran. Structural equation modeling is used to test the research hypotheses.FindingsThe findings show that green brand image has a significant direct effect on green brand attitude, love and trust. In addition, the results indicate that green brand attitude and trust have a significant direct effect on green brand love.Practical implicationsConsidering the importance of the issue of automobility and environmental harm, this paper offers new insights to marketing managers of the automotive industry in Iran.Originality/valueThis study is among the first to explore the effect of green brand image, trust and attitude on green brand love.
Multi-scale simulation approach for identifying optimal parameters for fabrication ofhigh-density Inconel 718 parts using selective laser melting
Authors: Tran Hong-Chuong , Lo Yu-Lung , Le Trong-Nhan , Lau Alan Kin-Tak , Lin Hong-You 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
Depending on an experimental approach to find optimal parameters for producing fully dense (relative density > 99%) Inconel 718 (IN718) components in the selective laser melting (SLM) process is expensive and offers no guarantee of success. Accordingly, this study aims to propose a multi-scale simulation framework to guide the choice of processing parameters in a more pragmatic manner.

Design/methodology/approach
In the proposed approach, a powder layer, ray tracing and heat transfer simulation models are used to calculate the melt pool dimensions and evaporation volume corresponding to a small number of laser power and scanning speed conditions within the input design space. A layer-heating model is then used to determine the inter-layer idle time required to maximize the temperature convergence rate of the solidified layer beneath the power bed. The simulation results are used to train surrogate models to construct SLM process maps for 3,600 pairs of the laser power and scanning speed within the input design space given three different values of the underlying solidified layer temperature (i.e., 353 K, 673 K and 873 K). The ideal selection of laser power and scanning speed of each process map is chosen based on four quality-related criteria listed as follows: without the appearance of key-hole melting; an evaporation volume less than the volume of the d90 powder particles; ensuring the stability of single scan tracks; and avoiding a weak contact between the melt pool and substrate. Finally, the optimal laser power and scanning speed parameters for the SLM process are determined by superimposing the optimal regions of the individual process maps.

Findings
The feasibility of the proposed approach is demonstrated by fabricating IN718 test specimens using the optimal processing conditions identified by the simulation framework. It is shown that the maximum density of the fabricated parts is 99.94%, while the average density is 99.88% and the standard deviation is less than 0.05%.

Originality/value
The present study proposed a multi-scale simulation model which can efficiently predict the optimal processing conditions for producing fully dense components in the SLM process. If the geometry of the three-dimensional printed part is changed or the machine and powder material is altered, users can use the proposed method for predicting the processing conditions that can produce the high-density part.