bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Contemporary Sustainable Neighbourhood: Cracow’s Wola Justowska district
Authors: Butelski Kazimierz , Butelski Stanisław , Firek Wojciech 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The environment is the little "Homeland”, which is defined by a neighborhood consisting of people and structures. The neighborhood is extended in time and space. The city of Cracow was chosen as a case study here. The contemporary environment in the Wola Justowska district is presented in the last examples of buildings designed by the author. Those contemporary structures are compared with historical houses in Cracow, which belong to the author’s family since the 19th century. The author analyses the influences of the period of the 19th century Austrian occupation, of a construction boom between the two World Wars, and of the Communist ban on design and construction in Cracow. In the paper's final remarks, the author notes that the design process and processes of shaping the environment look similar in the past century and today and that a contemporary neighborhood is shaped more by a cultural process than by design. Designing, building and endurance of a building form is a process that is shaped by culture and at the same time shapes the culture itself.
Possibilities of Management of Fly Ash from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Plant in Building Industry in the Circular Economy
Authors: Poranek Nikolina , Łaźniewska-Piekarczyk Beata , Czajkowski Adrian , Pikoń Krzysztof 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
To improve the condition of the environment and prevent its degradation, global trends have moved from linear to the circular economy. Closing the loop is to protect natural resources, minimize waste, emissions, and pollution. The circular economy assumptions are based mainly on the 3-R: Reduce (minimum use of raw materials); Reuse (maximum reuse of products and components); Recycle (high-quality reuse of raw materials). In the waste management hierarchy, the last place in the circular economy is energy recovery. In the process of incinerating municipal waste, secondary waste is generated. Some of them, like fly ash, are hazardous waste. It includes, among others heavy metals, chlorine, sulphur, and other pollutions, hence it is currently not used as a raw material. The management of fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration plant in the construction industry is a part of sustainable development and the circular economy. Fly ash is a hazardous and heterogeneous waste, therefore it is important to know its physicochemical and construction properties, which are presented in the article. Fly ash has pozzolanic properties, therefore it can be a good binding and building material. For fly ash to be a component of the construction mixture, it is necessary to immobilize pollutants, heavy metals, and some elements so that they do not leach into the environment. For this purpose, the concrete structure and the C-S-H matrix should be compacted. Currently, fly ash is stabilized and stored in underground landfills. They are storage in closed salt, manganese, and potassium mines. However, the volume of post-mining voids is limited, and storage is not part of the circular economy. In addition, some countries do not have their fly ash storage facilities and it has to be exported across borders. This increases the carbon footprint and shortens the product life cycle.
RELIVING - Rethinking the interior architecture during and after Pandemic situation
Authors: González Nicolás Ramos , Medvegy Gabriella , Borsos Ágnes , Zoltán Erzsébet Szeréna 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Architects are currently facing the understanding of the transformation of the work practices of people, teams and organizations in response to COVID-19 pandemic. Europe is still in the gloom of this pandemic and it can be seen changes in the office-domestic workplaces. These places have been mutating during the last year, they have been transformed according the new requirements. Individuals have adapted their homes and companies are already thinking the office space according the new reality. This study aims to determine how the interior space could adapt in order to provide comfort and well-being in contemplation of the contemporary and near future situation. The principal objective of this project was to create a tiny piece of space which contributes to create our “existence maximum” in a small space. To test the hypotheses that with the creation of a piece of furniture it can help us in the transformation of the domestic and office interior space is the key to make sure that people feel safe and work comfortably. Contemporary source material was used to examine the evolution of the pandemic and how it affects the individuals’ psychological behavior during this time. The findings provide a solid evidence base for the future will be a hybrid reality, where knowledge employees will continuously be working from home most of the time. It is evidently clear from the findings that as modernist architecture could be understood as a consequence of the result of some diseases of that period. Nowadays, architects have the responsibility to think how the interior architecture could be improved in order to make the people feel safe, comfortable and well connected where individuals could learn to live together confronting of our own homes and our own workspaces. The result is the design of an ergonomic workstation which contemplates the users’ requirements for working, providing adaptation to different working positions, mobility within the space and transformation according to individual needs. In addition, it has been considered the sustainability of the materials and the easy assembly with the possibility of the addition of accessories.
Maintenance Management of Infrastructure Systems: Organizational Factors in Territorial Planning
Authors: Troisi Roberta , Castaldo Paolo , Arena Livia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The issue of the maintenance of the infrastructure systems (e.g., viaducts, roads, bridges and highways), built some decades ago, is increasingly becoming a central argument. Within this topic, the safety assessment represents a fundamental as well as basic analysis that underpins a sustainable territorial management of the infrastructure systems. In fact, many structures are often affected by functionality, aging or safety problems and need specific interventions to avoid undesirable impacts in terms of social implications. In addition, the reference stakeholders, in terms of institutions and public actors, play an important role in relation to both the administrative and economic planning procedures. The present study has the preliminary aim to illustrate some possible contributions and improvements to achieve a more sustainable territorial planning, especially for the maintenance of the infrastructure systems. In detail, the present preliminary investigation highlights the possible advantages deriving from the use of the technology (i.e., remote sensing technique by means of satellite data - Differential Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar “DInSAR”) within an analysis at territorial scale. Indeed, the activity of monitoring all the overall infrastructure system can represent a useful approach to have a territorial vision of the safety of the infrastructures and can lead to a more sustainable planning. In fact, the involvement of all the reference stakeholders, in relation to this specific territorial issue, can lead to a more organised administrative and economic process. Some preliminary results, shown through thematic maps using the Geographic Information System (GIS), are described for a case study in a sample area in Italy.
Comparison of Cargo Securing Requirements for Two Types of Off-Road Vehicles
Authors: Vlkovsky Martin , Veselik Petr , Malisek Jiri 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The paper concerns the comparison of two off-road vehicles on three different types of surfaces with regard to cargo securing requirements. As primary data, the values of the acceleration coefficients are obtained from the transport experiments conducted on the Tatra 815 and the Tatra 810 trucks. The goal of the paper is to identify differences between the operations of both the vehicles in terms of cargo securing in the context of EN 12195-1:2010 standard requirements. An elementary statistical analysis was carried out to evaluate the measured data (values of the acceleration coefficients). Based on the results, there are statistically significant differences between the vehicles, and in several cases deviations from the EN 12195-1:2010 standard assumptions were identified as well. The conclusions above have an influence on the cargo securing selection, and primarily on the lashing capacity of the securing means used. The results are usable in the securing system optimisation for the tested vehicles aiming to prevent risk situations related to the loosening of the cargo during transport.
A Numerical Approach for the Design of RC Beams Subjected to Axial and Transverse Loads
Authors: Wahbi Amal , Pham Duc Toan , Hassen Ghazi , Garnier Denis , Buhan Patrick de 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The present contribution deals with a numerical approach for the design of RC beams subjected to axial and transverse loads. It is based on the finite-element implementation of the kinematic approach of the yield design (or limit analysis) theory combined with a “mixed modelling” where the concrete material is regarded as a classical two-dimensional continuum while the longitudinal reinforcements are modelled as one-dimensional elements working in tension-compression only. For the beams reinforced in shear, stirrups are incorporated in the analysis through a homogenization procedure. An optimization problem is formulated, then solved using conic quadratic optimization method. As a result, an upper bound estimate to the yield strength domain of RC beams may be drawn in the plane of axial and transverse loads. For illustrative purpose, calculations are conducted on typical RC beams with different longitudinal and transverse reinforcement degrees. Furthermore, it is shown that such numerical predictions prove to be in good agreement with the results derived from other numerical simulations of the same problem using a finite element-based limit analysis commercial software. In order to assess their practical validity, these predictions are also compared to some available experimental results published in the literature.
Impact of Building Location on its Energy Demand
Authors: Pokorska-Silva Iwona , Nowoświat Artur , Gać Weronika 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the analyses involving energy demand of a single-family building located in various climatic zones. When designing buildings, special attention is paid to material and technological solutions, but often the climatic zone in which the building is to be located is not taken into account. Therefore, the article considers the location of building in five climatic zones in Poland and it investigates the impact of the location on its energy demand. It turned out that the location of the building in zone V, i.e. in the north-east of the country, determines the highest energy demand for heating compared to the rest of the country. The work demonstrates the impact of a climatic zone in which the building is located on its energy demand.
The revitalisation of old factories area on the chosen example from Lodz
Authors: Zaguła Artur , Grzelakowski Tomasz 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Lodz (Łódź) is one of the major urban centres in Poland - and a city of unique historical and cultural heritage. The city is continuously changing and developing, respecting its identity and tradition or declaring that. The article aims to present field and case studies of three examples of the revitalisation of neglected areas in Lodz. These post-industrial spaces lost their functions in the last decade of the XXth century. These three projects in different parts of the city with other characteristics and ownership situations represent three different approaches to revitalising historical objects and adjusting them to new functions. Given cases are compelling examples of the various methods used to post-industrial heritage protection and conservation activities and the outcome of those entirely different strategies. As it seems the private entrepreneur has reached the best result in raising activities at the neglected old factory plot but at the same time while placing the responsibility of the space on its new users. Simultaneously, the public financed project oversight by towns authorities introduce the most changes to the historical tissue and seems not to reach its goals as far as a revitalisation of the area is concerned. In this light, the last project joining both private and public funds and introducing a new design solution with extreme care for historical tissue seems to reach the goals of both at a satisfactory level. The examples show how different strategies for cities to redeveloped their image and function work in Mid-European post-communism countries realities and how other types of public life participants embrace this heritage.
Analysis Methodology to Mitigate the Urban Heat Island Effect in the City of Cuenca with Emphasis on Concrete Pavements
Authors: Narváez Trotsky , Contreras Cristian , Farfán Julio Pintado 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
It is evident that the consequence generated by the Urban Heat Island (UHI) in medium-sized cities with a population of more than 600,000 inhabitants generates a decrease in comfort for the user of the road network due to the increase in temperature and the difficulty of dissipating it. In the city of Cuenca there is a large number of urban roads that are rigid pavement and currently construction and maintenance projects are being generated for them, so it is necessary to seek solutions in the execution of concrete to reduce the UHI effect. The research comprehensively has two approaches: qualitative and quantitative-experimental. In the qualitative approach, the method of systematic review supported by meta-analysis of data is used to contrast information from secondary sources of case studies worldwide in Urban Heat Island, and through an outline the most common methods will be exposed. appropriate to reduce the effects of the object of study. Subsequently, this defined methodology will be put to the consideration of an expert judgment so that through its evaluation we can justify the proposed methodology. The expected result is a method of analysis and experimentation to be applied in the context of the city of Cuenca, which allows determining the effects of radiation on the construction materials of rigid pavements, defining construction strategies and types of concrete to reduce the UHI effect. The city of Cuenca accumulates large amounts of heat during the day and has difficulty dissipating it during the night, so this research seeks to propose construction alternatives and possible mitigation solutions to avoid or counteract the impact produced by the heat island through the most appropriate method.
Modelling and Evaluation of the Seismic Capacity of Typical Brick URM Buildings of the Historical Center of Cuenca- Ecuador
Authors: Calderón-Brito José , Jiménez-Pacheco Juan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Historic Center of Cuenca (HCC) is located in the southern region of Ecuador. It is well known that our country is located on the so-called belt of fire of the Pacific Ocean, this area is characterized by having generated the most important seismic events in the history of mankind. More specifically, there are records that show that in the last 200 years the city of Cuenca has been exposed to earthquakes that have produced moderate to severe damage. These reasons make it possible to establish that the city of Cuenca and specifically its historic center could present important problems in the face of significant seismic events. Most of the buildings in the HCC date back to the middle of the 20th century and have used unreinforced brick masonry (brick-URM) to build their walls. This work is part of the Seismic Vulnerability Project: Seismic Damage Scenarios of the Built Heritage of the Historic Center of Cuenca. In the context of this vulnerability project, the objective of this work was to establish a family of pushover curves for three unreinforced brick masonry buildings typical of the HCC, based on a parametric pushover analysis. The definition of the typical buildings was based on an extensive work of architectural and geometric characterization of the traditional built heritage of HCC. On the basis of focusing the study on two-story buildings (the most common), the size of the floor area of the buildings (small, medium and large area) was assumed as a base parameter. Based on an analysis of the variability of different geometric and mechanical characteristics, and in order to study their influence on the pushover curves of the three typical brick URM buildings, the following study parameters were defined: 1) compressive strength of brick masonry, 2) lateral displacement capacity of brick-URM elements, 3) wall thickness. The pushover analysis was carried out with the Ruaumoko program. The model of the buildings responds to an equivalent portal frame macro-model scheme that has been formulated and validated by the authors of this paper. In order to consider the effects of the flexible floor on the dynamic response of this type of structures, a lateral load pattern that takes into account the contribution of higher order modes of vibration will be used in pushover analysis. The results will be discussed in terms of the incidence of the variability of the study parameters on the basic characteristics of the pushover curves. These results will be an essential input for the next stage of the project consisting of damage estimation for different levels of seismic action expected in the city.
Seismic Vulnerability Due to Construction Defects
Authors: Maldonado Juan Diego Ordoñez , Noboa Juan Sebastián Maldonado 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In Ecuador, informal construction is a recurrent problem, especially in low-span constructions, as well as in medium-size constructions, in which there is no strict control during their construction and design. This leads to deficient constructions, which diminishes the resilience of the elements, even though they are designed by a professional with experience in structural design, who follows at least all the guidelines of the current standards, and uses the appropriate tools for their conception and design. This generates a false sense of security in the occupants of the building. Failures do not usually occur in the short term, no matter how pitiful the construction method was. In case of anomalies, it is considered something futile, easy to cover up, which only has aesthetic implications. This causes even the most experienced of technicians to trust, making crass mistakes that can lead to the collapse of the structure. Given these problems, the degree of vulnerability due to defects in the building was evaluated.
Design and implementation of nZEB buildings in Poland. Building certification.
Authors: Fedorczak-Cisak Małgorzata , Furtak Marcin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The article will discuss the design and construction aspects of nearly zero-energy buildings (nZEB) in Poland. It is the newest building standard introduced by the Directive on the energy performance of buildings 2010/31/EU. The directive made the implementation of nZEB buildings compulsory in European countries. The article will present analyzes of the energy performance of nZEB buildings, in accordance with Polish legal requirements, and discuss the possibility of achieving this standard in terms of economic efficiency. An important issue is also the certification of newly designed buildings, allowing the promotion of buildings with more restrictive parameters than the minimum energy efficiency requirements specified for nZEB buildings. In the article, the authors will present the developed methodology for certifying buildings in Poland, based on the requirements related to energy efficiency, and on in situ testing of buildings. The article will also present examples of building certification in Poland.
Construction Process Duration Predicted by Statistical Method
Authors: Smugala S. , Kubečková D. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Many construction projects today are planned and managed using computer technology. An integral part of the management of these projects is sophisticated software, which includes statistical probabilistic methods. The main task in this area is direct verification of the validity of planned labour productivity values during the construction process according to the recorded average performance values. Using selected statistical methods and analyses, a case study can document this type of undertaking, for example, in a selected masonry process in which the upper and lower limits of performance, i.e. the optimistic and pessimistic bounds, may be calculated with 95% probability. Evaluation of these performance parameters in the construction software used for this study showed a difference in time of 11 days at the end of the process. The figures indicated a 9.6% and 14.3% decrease in labour productivity, respectively, for the optimistic and pessimistic values compared to the construction software ’ s planned values. Repeated evaluation of performance can aid in improving labour productivity and attaining project milestones and subsequent construction deadlines during the construction process. This paper aims to confirm or refute this theoretical balance using probabilistic statistical methods and to emphasize the importance of statistical analysis in the real construction process with the use of the software.
The Role of Urban Informatics in Monitoring the Physical Deteriortion of Urban Environment
Authors: Basma Usama Mohammad Ali D. , Alzu'bi Rafif Mohammad Ja'far 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The twenty-first century is witnessing a rapid growth population in urban areas; this growth needs intelligent urban planning and management. The field of urban informatics is one of the new and vital specialties to organize and analyse the urban system at all levels and areas. ICT works with interactive community participation to guide and manage the urban environment to serve, provide the residents with safety and security. The paper presents a new vision in terms of employing the field of urban informatics in mapping and monitoring the urban deterioration of the built environment in general and buildings in particular. The urban informatics system is still taking its first steps to manage and serve the city's facilities (transportation, communication, air pollution, etc.). The built environment and the deterioration through time and other factors are still far from this area. This paper aims to identify the urban information field, the situations, and types of urban deterioration and move to capture urban deterioration indicators (main and secondary), which can be measured in urban informatics. This paper recommends the adoption of such a mechanism in managing and controlling the deterioration that contributes to the reduction of material and human losses, saving time and money away from traditional methods, and the possibility of employing them in times of crisis and disasters in the urban environment.