bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthetic data use: exploring use cases to optimise data utility
Authors: James Stefanie , Harbron Chris , Branson Janice , Sundler Mimmi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSynthetic data is a rapidly evolving field with growing interest from multiple industry stakeholders and European bodies. In particular, the pharmaceutical industry is starting to realise the value of synthetic data which is being utilised more prevalently as a method to optimise data utility and sharing, ultimately as an innovative response to the growing demand for improved privacy. Synthetic data is data generated by simulation, based upon and mirroring properties of an original dataset. Here, with supporting viewpoints from across the pharmaceutical industry, we set out to explore use cases for synthetic data across seven key but relatable areas for optimising data utility for improved data privacy and protection. We also discuss the various methods which can be used to produce a synthetic dataset and availability of metrics to ensure robust quality of generated synthetic datasets. Lastly, we discuss the potential merits, challenges and future direction of synthetic data within the pharmaceutical industry and the considerations for this privacy enhancing technology.
Fuzzy Transforms for Hesitant, Soft or Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets
Authors: Močkoř Jiří 
Published: December 2021

AbstractClassical F-transform for lattice-valued fuzzy sets can be defined using monadic relation in Zadeh’s monad or, equivalently, as a special semimodule homomorphism. In this paper, we use an analogical approach and by choosing suitable monads and semimodule homomorphisms, we define F-transform for hesitant, intuitionistic or fuzzy soft sets. We prove that these F-transforms naturally extend classical lattice-valued F-transform for lattice-valued fuzzy sets.
Cognitive Correlates of Visual and Minor Hallucinations in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Lenka Abhishek , Hegde Shantala , Arumugham Shyam Sundar , Singh Puneet , Yadav Ravi , Pal Pramod K. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT:Introduction:Psychosis is one of the incapacitating nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Although several risk factors that include older age, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, depression, and cognitive dysfunction have been identified, the exact neural correlates remain elusive. As cognitive impairment has a close association with psychosis in PD, it is useful to know the spectrum of cognitive impairment in PD patients with psychosis (PD-P).Methods:This cross-sectional study compared various cognitive parameters of PD-P (visual/minor hallucinations) and PD patients with no psychosis (PD-NP). A neuropsychological battery encapsulating several cognitive domains (executive, visuospatial, learning, and memory) was used for the cognitive assessment of 37 PD-P and 51 PD-NP patients who were matched for age, gender, education, and disease duration.Results:The two groups were comparable in terms of disease severity and stage. Although the groups had a comparable mean score on Montreal cognitive assessment, the PD-P group performed poorly in tests focused on executive function (color trail test, forward digit span), verbal learning and memory (Rey auditory and verbal learning test), and visuospatial functions (complex figure test, corsi block tapping test). Those with complex visual hallucinations performed poorly in the color trial test (part A) compared to those with minor hallucinations.Conclusion:Psychosis is associated with a multidomain cognitive dysfunction in PD. All PD patients should undergo detailed cognitive assessment as cognitive dysfunction may be a marker of psychosis in the future. Additional longitudinal studies are warranted to obtain detailed insights into this issue.
Time out: should vitamin D dosing be based on patient's body mass index (BMI): a prospective controlled study
Authors: Sadat-Ali Mir , AlTabash Khalid W. , Al-Turki Haifa A. , AlMousa Sulaiman A. , AlSayed Hasan N. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The recommended daily dose of vitamin D is 2000 IU was found to be insufficient in many patients. The objective of the present study is to find whether the daily dose of vitamin D should be based on BMI. Two hundred and thirty patients with an established vitamin D deficiency (serum level of 25 Hydroxy vitamin D3 (25OHD3) of ≤20 ng/ml) and patients with BMI ≥30 kg/m2 were included in the study. Demographic data, comorbidities and BMI were recorded. Pre-treatment and post-treatment serum 25OHD3, calcium, phosphorus and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were tested at 0-, 3- and 6-month periods. Patients were treated with a standard dose of 50 000 IU of vitamin D weekly and 600/1200 mg of calcium a day. Once their level of 25OHD3 reached ≥30 ng/ml, patients were randomised into two groups. Group A received a standard recommended maintenance dose of 2000 IU daily and Group B patients received 125 IU/kg/m2 of vitamin D3. The data were entered in the database and analysed. The mean age of Group A was 50⋅74 ± 7⋅64 years compared to 52⋅32 ± 7⋅21 years in Group B. In both groups, pre-treatment vitamin D level was ≤15 ng/ml and increased to 34⋅6 ± 2⋅6 and 33⋅7 ± 2⋅4 ng/ml at the end of 3 months treatment with a dose 50 000 IU of vitamin D3 and calcium 600/1200 mg once a day for group A and group B, respectively. At 6 months, patients in Group A 25OHD3 level was 22⋅8 ± 3⋅80 and in Group B was 34⋅0 ± 1⋅85 ng/ml (P < 0⋅001). This preliminary study suggests that obese patients need higher dosage of vitamin D than the recommended dose. It is prudent that the dosage should be based on the BMI to maintain normal levels for a healthy musculoskeletal system.
Assessment of YouTube as an educational tool in teaching thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy
Authors: Chorath K T , Luu N N , Douglas J E , Yver C M , Thakkar P G , Tasche K K , Rajasekaran K 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveYouTube has become the preferred resource for trainees to learn and prepare for surgical cases. This study evaluated the educational quality of YouTube videos detailing thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy.MethodYouTube was systematically searched using 11 terms related to thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy. Four independent clinical reviewers assessed the videos using Laparoscopic Surgery Video Educational Guidelines as well as modified Laparoscopic Surgery Video Educational Guidelines subgroup tools.ResultsSixty-five videos were identified and evaluated. Overall Laparoscopic Surgery Video Educational Guidelines score was 8.58 ± 3.85 (mean subgroup score, 5.67 ± 2.40). Twenty-eight of 65, 25 of 65 and 12 of 65 videos were deemed medium, low and high quality, respectively. Inter-rater reliability was good for both attending surgeons and residents. Presence of audio or visual commentary had a positive correlation with total Laparoscopic Surgery Video Educational Guidelines scores (R2=0.38). Videos produced by otolaryngologists and US-based physicians scored higher on total scores compared to non-otolaryngology and non-US based physicians.ConclusionSome YouTube videos on thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy exhibit high educational value. Future efforts should increase the number of high-quality YouTube videos containing both audio and visual commentary or create an online repository of videos for medical students and residents to augment their surgical training.
‘K is for Keeper’: the roles and representations of the English gamekeeper, c. 1880–1914
Authors: Ridgwell Stephen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe gamekeeper was an important but controversial presence in the late Victorian and Edwardian countryside. Admired by some for his skills in woodcraft and deep understanding of nature, for others the keeper was much less benign: a destroyer of wildlife; a barrier against wider public access to the land; and the upholder of fiercely contested laws. At a time when debates about the land and its present and future use formed a major part of contemporary political discourse, and when an urbanising society was investing ever more meaning in its idea of the rural, consideration of the keeper takes us beyond the study of field sports towards broader histories of the English countryside and its attendant ruralist culture. Situating the keeper in a dual setting of material production and recreational service provision, the following examines both what he did and was expected to do, and the ways in which this was represented. Not only were keepers active agents in their own representation, eager to project themselves as skilled professionals, they might also elicit support from unusual quarters. As will be seen, keeper representation was as varied as his many roles.
Mineral and Climatic Controls Over Soil Organic Matter Stability Across the Tibetan Alpine Permafrost Region
Authors: Fang Kai , Chen Leiyi , Qin Shuqi , Zhang Qiwen , Liu Xuning , Chen Pengdong , Yang Yuanhe 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPermafrost thaw could accelerate microbial decomposition, lead to greenhouse gases emissions into the atmosphere, and thus trigger a positive feedback to climate warming. As a key parameter reflecting the resistance of soil organic matter (SOM) to be decomposed by microorganisms, SOM stability may determine the strength of permafrost carbon (C)‐climate feedback. Adequate understanding of patterns and drivers of SOM stability can thus contribute to predicting permafrost C cycle and its feedback to climate change. However, due to limited observations, it remains unknown whether biochemical selectivity or physico‐chemical protection dominates SOM stability in permafrost regions. By combining large‐scale soil sampling, thermal analysis and random forest model, we quantified SOM stability in the top 10 cm using thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry, and explored its spatial patterns across the Tibetan alpine permafrost region. We then constructed structural equation model to evaluate the relative importance of climatic variables, edaphic properties, substrate quality, and mineral variables in regulating SOM stability over a broad geographic scale. Our results indicated that SOM stability exhibited an increasing tendency from the southeastern to northwestern plateau. The stronger SOM stability was associated with higher mineral‐organic associations and more arid conditions. By contrast, substrate quality had limited effects on SOM stability. Overall, these results provide large‐scale evidence for the physico‐chemical protection hypothesis, highlighting the importance of considering mineral variables in Earth system models to better predict soil C dynamics across permafrost regions.
Predicting Depths of Burst at Denied Access Sites Using Bayesian Data Synthesis
Authors: Duncan Nickolas A. , Piazzoli Marco F. , Deinert Mark R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAnthropogenic radioisotopes are the only definitive signature that a below ground nuclear test has been conducted. The depth at which a test occurs is known to be a critical parameter, affecting not only the migration time for gases to reach the surface but also their subsequent isotopic ratios. Suspected tests typically occur at sites to which the international community has no access, and their suspected location and depth must be computed. Teleseismic methods are typically used for doing this but can have uncertainties larger than a kilometer. Here, we present an alternative approach that uses Bayesian data synthesis to combine information on local topology, geology, the presence of surface deformation, and yield. The method is tested against actual depth of burst data from 36 Soviet tests and 14 in the United States with the mean error to <53 m if the yield can be accurately estimated.
Contrasting Sensitivity of Weathering Proxies to Quaternary Climate and Sea‐Level Fluctuations on the Southern Slope of the South China Sea
Authors: Zhong Yi , Wilson David J. , Liu Jiabo , Wan Shiming , Bao Rui , Liu Jianxing , Zhang Yanan , Wang Xuesong , Liu Yuanhao , Liu Xiaoyu , Zhao Ying , Li Shiying , Liu Qingsong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTropical marginal seas host important sedimentary archives that may be exploited to reveal past changes in continental erosion, chemical weathering, and ocean dynamics. However, these records can be challenging to interpret due to the complex interactions between climate and particulate transport across ocean margins. For the southern South China Sea over the last 90 Kyr, we observe a contrasting temporal relationship between the deposition of clay minerals and magnetic minerals, which were associated with two different hydrodynamic modes. Fine‐grained clay minerals can be carried in suspension by ocean currents, leading to a rapid response to regional climate‐driven inputs. In contrast, changes in magnetic mineralogy were linked to glacial‐interglacial sea level variability, from which we infer a control by bedload transport and resuspension. Overall, this study indicates that the transfer pathways and mechanisms imparted by varying hydrodynamic conditions exert a substantial influence on the distribution of terrigenous material in continental margin sediments.
A Revised Understanding of the Structure of the Venusian Magnetotail From a High‐Altitude Intercept With a Tail Ray by Parker Solar Probe
Authors: Collinson Glyn A. , Ramstad Robin , Frahm Rudy , Wilson Lynn , Xu Shaosui , Whittlesey Phyllis , Brecht Stephen H. , Ledvina Stephen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOne of the major discoveries of NASA's 1979–1991 Pioneer Venus Orbiter is that the nightside ionosphere becomes filamentary at high altitude, forming comet‐like tail rays. Pioneer Venus Orbiter could not establish how much farther into the wake of Venus tail rays extend, nor understand how they form. Here we present plasma and fields data from the fourth flyby of Venus by NASA's Parker Solar Probe consistent with an intercept with an ionospheric tail ray. The observations unambiguously demonstrate that Venusian Ionotail Rays can extend to at least 7,800 km in altitude. Using the new Parker observations we are able to identify a tail ray encounter within the Venus Express dataset. We thus present a unified picture of the structure of the magnetotail of Venus based on combined Venus Express, Pioneer Venus Orbiter, and Parker observations, and recent hybrid modeling.
Bimodal Alteration of the Oceanic Crust Revealed by Halogen and Noble Gas Systematics in the Oman Ophiolite
Authors: Carter Elliot J. , O’Driscoll Brian , Burgess Ray , Clay Patricia L. , Hepworth James ,   The Oman Drilling Project Science Team
Published: December 2021

AbstractHydrothermal alteration of oceanic crust represents a globally significant geochemical exchange between the crust and oceans, introducing volatile elements into the oceanic lithosphere and removing latent heat from crystallization. The extent to which hydrothermal systems penetrate the lower oceanic crust is debated and is significant for competing models of lower oceanic crust formation. In this study, we apply halogen and noble gas geochemistry in order to better understand the fluid sources and conditions during a hydrothermal alteration in a suite of gabbros sampled from drill cores in the mid‐ (hole GT3A) and lower‐ (hole GT1A) crust of the Oman Ophiolite. Low Br/Cl in mid‐crustal samples is controlled by amphibole formed at relatively high fluid/rock ratios. Lower crustal samples, meanwhile, have Br/Cl ranging from seawater to much higher values (<5 × 10−3). These require alteration at highly variable fluid/rock ratios from ∼1 to <0.01 in the lower crust. Noble gas isotopes also suggest alteration at relatively high and low fluid/rock ratios in the mid‐ and lower‐crust, respectively. Indicators of alteration and proxies for fluid/rock ratios (loss on ignition, Pb/Ce, Br/Cl, 40Ar/36Ar96Ma) vary systematically with distance from major fault zones in the lower crust with the strongest correlation in the least altered minerals. Together with age constraints derived from K‐Ar decay, these data indicate faults were major conduits, supplying seawater to the lower crust roughly contemporaneous with the formation of the ophiolite, and commencing at the magmatic stage. These results suggest that hydrothermal alteration of the lower crust is primarily controlled by major fault structures.
Formation and Transport of the South Atlantic Subtropical Mode Water in Eddy‐Permitting Observations
Authors: Chen Yanxu , Speich Sabrina , Laxenaire Rémi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe present in this study a detecting algorithm that enables to identify both the ocean surface mixed layer depth (MLD) and mode water from the Argo profiling data. This algorithm proposes a detection based on the calculation of the first and second derivatives for each temperature (or density) profile. Low gradients reveal segments of water mass homogeneity, while extreme values of second derivatives indicate the precise depths at which the gradients sharply change. Specifically applied to detect the South Atlantic Subtropical Mode Water (SASTMW), this algorithm leads to a redefinition of the three mode water types discussed in Sato and Polito (2014; https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JC009438) as well as new insights into the origins of these water masses and their dynamics. In particular, we point out that only one of the SASTMW varieties originates from the Brazil‐Malvinas Confluence in the western boundary, whereas the other two are related to the Agulhas Leakage that shapes the Indo‐Atlantic water mass exchanges. As both regions of the SASTMW formation are characterized by intense eddy kinetic energy, the role of mesoscale eddies in the SASTMW formation and transport is also investigated by co‐locating Argo profiles with eddies objectively identified from satellite altimetry maps. It suggests that anticyclonic eddies correspond to a larger number and thicker layers of SASTMW than their cyclonic counterparts. In the Cape Basin, where mode waters are found correlated with the main paths of Agulhas Rings, a potential route of subduction is also proposed.
LncTRPM2-AS inhibits TRIM21-mediated TRPM2 ubiquitination and prevents autophagy-induced apoptosis of macrophages in asthma
Authors: Li Xiaoping , Wang Wenwen , Shao Yu , Zhou Ji , Huang Jiaqi , Xu Fei , Gao Xiu , Wu Mengyun , Dong Yongli , Wu Wenyan , Cai Jiamin , Wang Junyao , Ye Yunfei , Chen Zhengrong , Hao Chuangli , Yang Yi , Zhang Jinping 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a crucial role in macrophage development but little is known about their role in asthma. Here, we investigated the role of lncRNA lncTRPM2-AS in asthma and found that lncTRPM2-AS participates in the promotion of macrophage inflammation. Downregulation of lncTRPM2-AS promoted apoptosis and inhibited proliferation and production of cytokines including IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and TGF-β. RNA-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry indicated that the protein TRPM2 interacted with both lncTRPM2-AS and the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM21. LncTRPM2-AS silencing enhanced the interaction between TRIM21 and TRPM2, resulting in elevated levels of ubiquitin-related degradation of TRPM2. Mutation analysis indicated that TRPM2 K1218 is a key site for TRIM21-dependent ubiquitination. Downregulation of lncTRPM2-AS significantly decreased intracellular calcium levels by restraining TRPM2 protein expression, which in turn decreased ROS levels and increased autophagy to promote macrophage apoptosis and reduce cytokine production, together inhibiting macrophage inflammation. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that lncTRPM2-AS blocks the ubiquitination of TRPM2 via TRIM21 and inhibits autophagy-induced apoptosis which may contribute to macrophage inflammation in asthma.
HIF-1α-activated long non-coding RNA KDM4A-AS1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via the miR-411-5p/KPNA2/AKT pathway
Authors: Chen Tianxiang , Liu Runkun , Niu Yongshen , Mo Huanye , Wang Hao , Lu Ye , Wang Liang , Sun Liankang , Wang Yufeng , Tu Kangsheng , Liu Qingguang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer with poor clinical outcomes. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are extensively involved in the tumorigenesis and progression of HCC. However, more investigations should be carried out on novel lncRNAs and their effects on HCC. Here we identified a novel lncRNA KDM4A-AS1, which was aberrantly overexpressed in HCC tissues, associated with unfavorable clinical features and poor prognosis of patients. KDM4A-AS1 promoted HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and contributed to HCC growth and lung metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, KDM4A-AS1 was inversely modulated by miR-411-5p at the post-transcriptional level and facilitated Karyopherin α2 (KPNA2) expression by competitively binding miR-411-5p, thereby activating the AKT pathway. KPNA2 silencing, miR-411-5p overexpression, and AKT inhibitor (MK2206) consistently reversed KDM4A-AS1-enhanced proliferation, mobility, and EMT of HCC cells. KDM4A-AS1 was identified as a novel hypoxia-responsive gene and transactivated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) in HCC cells. In turn, KDM4A-AS1 regulated HIF-1α expression through the KPNA2/AKT signaling pathway. Hence, this study revealed a novel hypoxia-responsive lncRNA, KDM4A-AS1, which contributed to HCC growth and metastasis via the KDM4A-AS1/KPNA2/HIF-1α signaling loop. Our findings provide a promising prognostic and therapeutic target for HCC.
Cavitation upon low-speed solid–liquid impact
Authors: Speirs Nathan B. , Langley Kenneth R. , Pan Zhao , Truscott Tadd T. , Thoroddsen Sigurdur T. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWhen a solid object impacts on the surface of a liquid, extremely high pressure develops at the site of contact. Von Karman’s study of this classical physics problem showed that the pressure on the bottom surface of the impacting body approaches infinity for flat impacts. Yet, in contrast to the high pressures found from experience and in previous studies, we show that a flat-bottomed cylinder impacting a pool of liquid can decrease the local pressure sufficiently to cavitate the liquid. Cavitation occurs because the liquid is slightly compressible and impact creates large pressure waves that reflect from the free surface to form negative pressure regions. We find that an impact velocity as low as ~3 m/s suffices to cavitate the liquid and propose a new cavitation number to predict cavitation onset in low-speed solid-liquid impact-scenarios. These findings imply that localized cavitation could occur in impacts such as boat slamming, cliff jumping, and ocean landing of spacecraft.
Nuclear pore protein NUP210 depletion suppresses metastasis through heterochromatin-mediated disruption of tumor cell mechanical response
Authors: Amin Ruhul , Shukla Anjali , Zhu Jacqueline Jufen , Kim Sohyoung , Wang Ping , Tian Simon Zhongyuan , Tran Andy D. , Paul Debasish , Cappell Steven D. , Burkett Sandra , Liu Huaitian , Lee Maxwell P. , Kruhlak Michael J. , Dwyer Jennifer E. , Simpson R. Mark , Hager Gordon L. , Ruan Yijun , Hunter Kent W. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMechanical signals from the extracellular microenvironment have been implicated in tumor and metastatic progression. Here, we identify nucleoporin NUP210 as a metastasis susceptibility gene for human estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer and a cellular mechanosensor. Nup210 depletion suppresses lung metastasis in mouse models of breast cancer. Mechanistically, NUP210 interacts with LINC complex protein SUN2 which connects the nucleus to the cytoskeleton. In addition, the NUP210/SUN2 complex interacts with chromatin via the short isoform of BRD4 and histone H3.1/H3.2 at the nuclear periphery. In Nup210 knockout cells, mechanosensitive genes accumulate H3K27me3 heterochromatin modification, mediated by the polycomb repressive complex 2 and differentially reposition within the nucleus. Transcriptional repression in Nup210 knockout cells results in defective mechanotransduction and focal adhesion necessary for their metastatic capacity. Our study provides an important role of nuclear pore protein in cellular mechanosensation and metastasis.