bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applying behavioral analytic consultation to schools to assess and treat a student's elopement
Authors: Lill Jordan D. , Bassingthwaite Brenda J. , Cox Jessica L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA team of behavioral consultants applied the Behavioral Analytic Consultation to Schools model while working with educators in a public school setting to evaluate and treat elopement behavior of an 11‐year‐old student with autism spectrum disorder. Assessment conducted by the consultants included interviews, descriptive analysis, preference assessment, trial‐based functional analysis of elopement, and a reinforcer analysis conducted using an alternating treatment design. An acceptable behavior intervention was developed in consultation with educational staff and family. Consultants trained educational staff on procedures to implement the intervention and data collection. When intervention components were implemented as designed, the student's elopement in the classroom and out of the school building decreased. This study is an example of a successful application of the Behavioral Analytic Consultation to Schools model where consultants take primary responsibility for the evaluation, and collaborate with educational team members and family members to apply what was learned from the assessment to a successful intervention. The results of this application of the model provide continued support for evaluating the use of the model to improve outcomes for students engaging in severe behavior in public school settings.
Use of psychotropic drugs among older patients with bladder cancer in the United States
Authors: Jazzar Usama , Bergerot Cristiane D. , Shan Yong , Wallis Christopher J. D. , Freedland Stephen J. , Kamat Ashish M. , Tyler Douglas S. , Baillargeon Jacques , Kuo Yong‐Fang , Klaassen Zachary , Williams Stephen B. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveOlder patients diagnosed with cancer are at increased risk of physical and emotional distress; however, prescription utilization patterns largely remain to be elucidated. Our objective was to comprehensively assess prescription patterns and predictors in older patients with bladder cancer.MethodsA total of 10,516 older patients diagnosed with clinical stage T1–T4a, N0, M0 bladder urothelial carcinoma from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2012 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)‐Medicare were analyzed. We used multivariable analysis to determine predictors associated with psychotropic prescription rates (one or more). Medication possession ratio (MPR) was used as an index to measure adherence in intervals of 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years. Evaluation of psychotropic prescribing patterns and adherence across different drugs and demographic factors was done.ResultsOf the 10,516 older patients, 5621 (53%) were prescribed psychotropic drugs following cancer diagnosis. Overall, 3972 (38%) patients had previous psychotropic prescriptions prior to cancer diagnosis, and these patients were much more likely to receive a post‐cancer diagnosis prescription. Prescription rates for psychotropic medications were higher among patients with higher stage BC (p < 0.001). Gamma aminobutyric acid modulators/stimulators and serotonin reuptake inhibitors/stimulators were the highest prescribed psychotropic drugs in 21% of all patients. Adherence for all drugs was 32% at 3 months and continued to decrease over time.ConclusionOver half of the patients received psychotropic prescriptions within 2 years of their cancer diagnosis. Given the chronicity of psychiatric disorders with observed significantly low adherence to medications that warrants an emphasis on prolonged patient monitoring and further investigation.
Reliability analysis for multi‐state systems subject to distinct random shocks
Authors: Cao Yingsai , Dong Wenjie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper analyzes the competing and dependent failure processes for multi‐state systems suffering from four typical random shocks. Reliability analysis for discrete degradation is conducted by explicitly modeling the state transition characteristics. Semi‐Markov model is employed to explore how the system vulnerability and potential transition gap affect the state residence time. The failure dependence is specified as that random shocks can not only lead to different abrupt failures but also cause sudden changes on the state transition probabilities, making it easier for the system to stay at the degraded states. Reliability functions for all the exposed failure processes are presented based on the corresponding mechanisms. Interactions between different failure processes are also taken into account to evaluate the actual reliability levels in the context of degradation and distinct random shocks. An illustrative example of a multi‐state air conditioning system is studied to demonstrate how the proposed method can be applied to the engineering practice.
Design of a proportional integral derivative‐like continuous sliding mode controller
Authors: Pérez‐Ventura Ulises , Mendoza‐Avila Jesús , Fridman Leonid 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA describing function‐based design for the continuous sliding mode controller in the proportional integral derivative (PID) form (PID‐CSMC) is provided. Two sets of the PID‐CSMC gains are suggested. The Harmonic Balance is used to predict the amplitude and frequency of the main harmonic of chattering caused by the presence of fast‐parasitic dynamics in the closed‐loop. Predicted values of amplitude and frequency allow to compute the average power needed to maintain the trajectories of the system into real sliding modes. The methodology for selection of suboptimal PID‐CSMC gains consists of amplitude of chattering and average power minimization, taking into account the presence of a critically damped actuator parameterizing the effects of parasitic dynamics. A novel homogeneous Lyapunov function proves that suggested sets of the PID‐CSMC gains ensure, in theory, finite‐time stability of the perturbed double integrator without parasitic dynamics, and exact compensation of Lipschitz perturbations. On the other hand, the Loeb's criterion allows to ensure that the PID‐CSMC with suggested gains generates orbitally asymptotically stable fast‐oscillations in the presence of fast‐actuators.
Apolipoprotein E4–driven effects on inflammatory and neurotrophic factors in peripheral extracellular vesicles from cognitively impaired, no dementia participants who converted to Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Ben Khedher Mohamed Raâfet , Haddad Mohamed , Laurin Danielle , Ramassamy Charles 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionIn brain, extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an essential role in the neuron‐glia interface and ensure the crosstalk between the brain and the periphery. Some studies now link the pathway dysfunction of the EVs to apolipoprotein E gene variant (APOE ε4) and the risk of progression to Alzheimer's disease (AD). To better understand the role of APOE ε4 in pre‐clinical AD, we have determined levels of pathogenic, neurotrophic and inflammatory proteins in peripheral EVs (pEVs) and in plasma from cognitively impaired, no dementia (CIND) participants stratified upon the absence (APOE ε4‐) or the presence (APOE ε4+ ) of the ε4 allele of APOE.MethodsLevels of 15 neurodegenerative, neurotrophic and neuroinflammatory proteins were quantified in pEVs and compared to their plasma levels from cognitively normal and CIND participants.ResultsLevels of neurotrophic and inflammatory markers were reduced in pEVs from APOE ε4+. The pentraxin‐2/α‐synuclein ratio measured in pEVs was able to predict AD 5 years before the onset among APOE ε4+‐CIND individuals.DiscussionOur findings suggest an alteration of the endosomal pathway in APOE ε4+ and that pEVs pentraxin‐2/α‐synuclein ratio could serve as a useful early biomarker for AD susceptibility.
Shared Stigma: The Effect of LGBT Status on Attitudes About the Opioid Epidemic
Authors: Haeder Simon F. , Sylvester Steven , Callaghan Timothy 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOver the past decade, the United States has been ravaged by an unprecedented public health crisis. In 2017 alone, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention identified more than 70,000 individuals who died from an overdose. The dominant culprit in these deaths are opioids, which accounted for two‐thirds of cases. Scholars have worked diligently to provide a better understanding of the root causes, extent, implications, and possible solutions to the opioid epidemic. A group that is disproportionately affected by illicit drug use, substance abuse disorder, and mental health issues has received little attention in this growing body of research: people who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender (LGBT). We conducted a large national survey to study this issue in depth. Specifically, our analysis uses a national survey weighted to population benchmarks with an oversample of LGBT respondents to better understand attitudes about the opioid epidemic and whom the public blames for the crisis. Our analysis finds consistent evidence that LGBT individuals are less likely to blame individuals with addictions for the opioid epidemic. Simultaneously, we find that conservatism, high levels of religiosity, addiction status, and high levels of racial resentment all increase the likelihood that individuals blame addicts themselves.
Global 3-group symmetry and ’t Hooft anomalies in axion electrodynamics
Authors: Hidaka Yoshimasa , Nitta Muneto , Yokokura Ryo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We investigate a higher-group structure of massless axion electrodynamics in (3 + 1) dimensions. By using the background gauging method, we show that the higher-form symmetries necessarily have a global semistrict 3-group (2-crossed module) structure, and exhibit ’t Hooft anomalies of the 3-group. In particular, we find a cubic mixed ’t Hooft anomaly between 0-form and 1-form symmetries, which is specific to the higher-group structure.
On symmetries and dynamics of exotic supermultiplets
Authors: Minasian Ruben , Strickland-Constable Charles , Zhang Yi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Among the allowed representations of extended supersymmetry in six dimensions there are exotic chiral multiplets that, instead of a graviton, contain mixed-symmetry spin-2 tensor fields. Notably, an $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (4, 0) multiplet has a four index exotic graviton and it was conjectured that an interacting theory based on this multiplet could arise as a strong coupling limit of M theory compactified on T6. We present an algebraic study of these multiplets and their possible embedding into the framework of exceptional field theory, finding in particular that the six-dimensional momenta do not correspond to a conventional space-time section. When compactified on a circle, the six-dimensional multiplets give rise to the same degrees of freedom as five-dimensional supergravity theories with the same number of supersymmetries. However, by considering anomalies (computed using the product multiplets construction) and the generation of Chern-Simons couplings, we find reason to doubt that their dynamics will agree with the five-dimensional gravity theories. We propose an alternative picture, similar to F-theory, in which particular fixed-volume T3-fibered space-times play a central role, suggesting that only on compactification to three-dimensions will one make contact with the dynamics of supergravity.
Analytic representation of all planar two-loop five-point Master Integrals with one off-shell leg
Authors: Canko Dhimiter D. , Papadopoulos Costas G. , Syrrakos Nikolaos 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe present analytic expressions in terms of polylogarithmic functions for all three families of planar two-loop five-point Master Integrals with one off-shell leg. The calculation is based on the Simplified Differential Equations approach. The results are relevant to the study of many 2→3 scattering processes of interest at the LHC, especially for the leading-colorW+ 2 jets production.
Versorgungszustand von Patienten vor Zuweisung an ein universitäres Wundzentrum
Authors: Erfurt-Berge Cornelia , Michler Melanie , Renner Regina 
Published: January 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Fragestellung
Die Versorgungswege von Patienten mit chronischen Wunden sind häufig sehr langwierig. Dies kann zu einer verminderten Versorgungsqualität und zu einer verspäteten Diagnose der eigentlichen Ursache führen. Gleichzeitig existieren zertifizierte Einrichtungen für diese Patientengruppe. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht mögliche Gründe für eine verzögerte Zuweisung an diese Zentren und ob eine spezifische Patientenauswahl an universitäre Zentren gelangt.

Patienten und Methoden
Durch eine retrospektive Auswertung der Patientendatensätze zum Zeitpunkt der Erstvorstellung im zertifizierten Wundzentrum wurden Variablen zum Versorgungszustand vor der universitären Vorstellung analysiert.

Ergebnisse
Es konnten Datensätze von 177 Patienten ausgewertet werden (53 % weiblich, 47 % männlich). Die Altersspanne lag zwischen 27 und 95 Jahren. Die mittlere Bestandsdauer der Wunde betrug 22 Monate. Eine Gefäßdiagnostik war im Vorfeld in 32 % (arterielle Diagnostik) bzw. 36 % (phlebologische Diagnostik) durchgeführt worden. Eine Gewebeprobe war in 9 % der Fälle entnommen worden, v. a. bei Patienten mit > 24 Monaten bestehender Wunde. In nur 45 % der Fälle stimmte die externe Diagnose mit der im Wundzentrum abschließend gestellten Diagnose überein.

Diskussion
Die Versorgungssituation von Patienten mit chronischen Wunden außerhalb spezialisierter Versorgungsstrukturen ist als unzureichend anzusehen. Eine frühzeitige Versorgung nach etablierten Standards in Diagnostik und Therapie sowie zeitnahe Überweisung bei stagnierendem Verlauf an eine Spezialsprechstunde sind anzustreben.
Impact of COVID‐19 Restrictions on Demographics and Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Medically Necessary Non‐Emergent Surgeries During the Pandemic
Authors: Shannon Adrienne B. , Roberson Jeffrey L. , Keele Luke , Bharani Tina , Song Yun , Miura John T. , Kelz Rachel R. , Dempsey Daniel T. , Fleisher Lee A. , DeMatteo Ronald P. , Karakousis Giorgos C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has resulted in large‐scale healthcare restrictions to control viral spread, reducing operating room censuses to include only medically necessary surgeries. The impact of restrictions on which patients undergo surgical procedures and their perioperative outcomes is less understood.MethodsAdult patients who underwent medically necessary surgical procedures at our institution during a restricted operative period due to the COVID‐19 pandemic (March 23‐April 24, 2020) were compared to patients undergoing procedures during a similar time period in the pre‐COVID‐19 era (March 25‐April 26, 2019). Cardinal matching and differences in means were utilized to analyze perioperative outcomes.Results857 patients had surgery in 2019 (pre‐COVID‐19) and 212 patients had surgery in 2020 (COVID‐19). The COVID‐19 era cohort had a higher proportion of patients who were male (61.3% vs. 44.5%, P < 0.0001), were White (83.5% vs. 68.7%, P < 0.001), had private insurance (62.7% vs. 54.3%, p 0.05), were ASA classification 4 (10.9% vs. 3%, P < 0.0001), and underwent oncologic procedures (69.3% vs. 42.7%, P < 0.0001). Following 1:1 cardinal matching, COVID‐19 era patients (N = 157) had a decreased likelihood of discharge to a nursing facility (risk difference‐8.3, P < 0.0001) and shorter median length of stay (risk difference‐0.6, p 0.04) compared to pre‐COVID‐19 era patients. There was no difference between the two patient cohorts in overall morbidity and 30‐day readmission.ConclusionsCOVID‐19 restrictions on surgical operations were associated with a change in the racial and insurance demographics in patients undergoing medically necessary surgical procedures but were not associated with worse postoperative morbidity. Further study is necessary to better identify the causes for patient demographic differences.
From long-lived batholith construction to giant porphyry copper deposit formation: petrological and zircon chemical evolution of the Quellaveco District, Southern Peru
Authors: Nathwani Chetan L. , Simmons Adam T. , Large Simon J. E. , Wilkinson Jamie J. , Buret Yannick , Ihlenfeld Christian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPorphyry Cu ore deposits are a rare product of arc magmatism that often form spatiotemporal clusters in magmatic arcs. The petrogenetic evolution of igneous rocks that cover the temporal window prior to and during porphyry Cu deposit formation may provide critical insights into magmatic processes that are key in generating these systems. This study documents the magmatic evolution of the Palaeocene–Eocene Yarabamba Batholith, Southern Peru, that was incrementally assembled between ~ 67 and ~ 59 Ma and hosts three, nearly contemporaneous, giant porphyry Cu–Mo deposits that formed at 57–54 Ma (Quellaveco, Toquepala and Cuajone). Whole-rock geochemistry, U–Pb geochronology and zircon trace element chemistry are reported from Yarabamba rocks that span the duration of plutonic activity, and from six porphyry intrusions at Quellaveco that bracket mineralisation. A change in whole-rock chemistry in Yarabamba intrusive rocks to high Sr/Y, high La/Yb and high Eu/Eu* is observed at ~ 60 Ma which is broadly coincident with a change in vector of the converging Nazca plate and the onset of regional compression and crustal thickening during the first stage of the Incaic orogeny. The geochemical changes are interpreted to reflect a deepening of the locus of lower crustal magma evolution in which amphibole ± garnet are stabilised as early and abundant fractionating phases and plagioclase is suppressed. Zircons in these rocks show a marked change towards higher Eu/Eu* (> 0.3) and lower Ti (< 9 ppm) compositions after ~ 60 Ma. Numerical modelling of melt Eu systematics and zircon-melt partitioning indicates that the time series of zircon Eu/Eu* in these rocks can be explained by a transition from shallower, plagioclase-dominated fractionation to high-pressure amphibole-dominated fractionation at deep crustal levels from ~ 60 Ma. Our modelling suggests that any redox effects on zircon Eu/Eu* are subordinate compared to changes in melt composition controlled by the fractionating mineral assemblage. We suggest that growth and intermittent recharge of the lower crustal magma reservoir from ~ 60 Ma produced a significant volume of hydrous and metallogenically fertile residual melt which ascended to the upper crust and eventually generated the three giant porphyry Cu–Mo deposits at Quellaveco, Toquepala and Cuajone from ~ 57 Ma. Our study highlights the importance of high-pressure magma differentiation fostered by strongly compressive tectonic regimes in generating world-class porphyry Cu deposits.
Evaluation of microhaplotypes in forensic kinship analysis from a Swedish population perspective
Authors: Staadig Adam , Tillmar Andreas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe development of massively parallel sequencing (MPS) technology has enabled the discovery of several new types of forensic markers where microhaplotypes are one of these promising novel genetic markers. Microhaplotypes are, commonly, less than 300 nucleotides in length and consist of two or more closely linked single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In this study, we have examined a custom-made QIAseq Microhaplotype panel (Qiagen), including 45 different microhaplotype loci. DNA libraries were prepared according to the GeneRead DNAseq Targeted Panels V2 library preparation workflow (Qiagen) and sequenced on a MiSeq FGx instrument (Verogen). We evaluated the performance of the panel based on 75 samples of Swedish origin and haplotype frequencies were established. We performed sensitivity studies and could detect haplotypes at input amounts down to 0.8 ng. We also studied mixture samples with two contributors for which haplotypes, for the minor contributor, were detectable down to the level of 1:100. Furthermore, we executed kinship simulations to evaluate the usefulness of this panel in kinship analysis. The results showed that both paternity and full sibling cases can clearly be solved. When simulating a half sibling versus unrelated case scenario, there were, however, some overlap of the likelihood ratio distributions potentially resulting in inconclusiveness. To conclude, the results of this initial study are promising for further implementation of this microhaplotype assay into the forensic field, although we noticed some primer design issues that could be optimized, which possibly would increase the power of the assay.
Physical fatigability and muscle pain in patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis
Authors: Jordan B. , Uer O. , Buchholz T. , Spens A. , Zierz S. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) may lead to muscle weakness due to hypothyroid dysfunction. However, clinical experience treating patients with HT suggests that neuromuscular symptoms may develop in these patients despite long-standing euthyroidism.

Methods
In 24 euthyroid patients with HT and 25 healthy controls, physical fatigability was assessed using the arm movement test (AMT) and 6-min walk test (6MWT). Fatigability was based on calculation of linear trend (LT) reflecting dynamic performance within subsequent constant time intervals. Perception of physical fatigue and muscle pain was analyzed using fatigue (FSMC) and pain questionnaires. Obtained results were correlated with clinical, neurophysiological and lab findings.

Results
HT patients showed a negative LT in 6MWT significantly differing from stable performance in controls. LT in AMT did not differ between HT and controls. FSMC scores and pain perception revealed significantly higher levels in HT patients than in controls. Physical FSMC score was primarily influenced by pain perception (standardized regression coefficient, beta = 0.633, p = 0.002). Neither pain score nor physical fatigue score showed a correlation with LT in 6MWT nor did mood, or anti-TPO antibody titer.

Conclusion
A significant physical fatigability could be shown in euthyroid HT patients despite missing obvious neuromuscular deficits in routine testing. Further, elevated pain and fatigue perception in HT patients seem to contribute to nonspecific muscle complaints in these patients. A possible pathogenic role of thyroid autoimmunity in hidden neuromuscular involvement may be suggested.