bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Stability of Intellectual Functioning in Autism Spectrum Disorder: From Age 3 Through Mid-adulthood
Authors: Prigge Molly B. D. , Bigler Erin D. , Lange Nicholas , Morgan Jubel , Froehlich Alyson , Freeman Abigail , Kellett Kristina , Kane Karen L. , King Carolyn K. , Taylor June , Dean Douglas C. , King Jace B. , Anderson Jeff S. , Zielinski Brandon A. , Alexander Andrew L. , Lainhart Janet E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntelligence (IQ) scores are used in educational and vocational planning for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) yet little is known about the stability of IQ throughout development. We examined longitudinal age-related IQ stability in 119 individuals with ASD (3–36 years of age at first visit) and 128 typically developing controls. Intelligence measures were collected over a 20-year period. In ASD, Full Scale (FSIQ) and Verbal (VIQ) Intelligence started lower in childhood and increased at a greater rate with age relative to the control group. By early adulthood, VIQ and working memory stabilized, whereas nonverbal and perceptual scores continued to change. Our results suggest that in individuals with ASD, IQ estimates may be dynamic in childhood and young adulthood.
Mobile, Socially Assistive Robots Incorporating Approach Behaviour: Requirements for Successful Dialogue with Dementia Patients in a Nursing Home
Authors: Nakamura Mio , Ikeda Kohei , Kawamura Kazuki , Nihei Misato 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of using a mobile socially assistive robot (SAR) that incorporates approach behaviour (APB) for seniors. The participants were 15 residents in a nursing home. The effectiveness of dialogue with participants was compared for two types of SARs: stationary and mobile. Interactions were also examined to determine the factors that led to the success or failure of the dialogue based on the trajectory of the mobile SARs and observations of the participants’ behaviour with the mobile SARs. The results showed that nine of 15 participants (60 %) engaged in dialogue with mobile SARs, which was twice as effective as stationary SARs. Conversely, some participants could not engage in dialogue when using a mobile SAR. In addition, these participants’ The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores were low. These participants’ successful dialogues were influenced by the angle at which the mobile SAR approached the participant and the length of time the mobile SAR and the participant were face to face. In this study, it was shown that the introduction of mobile SARs in a nursing home could facilitate communication between SARs and residents and further contribute to the quality of life of residents.
Nonverbal Auditory Cues Allow Relationship Quality to be Inferred During Conversations
Authors: Dunbar R. I. M. , Robledo Juan-Pablo , Tamarit Ignacio , Cross Ian , Smith Emma 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe claim that nonverbal cues provide more information than the linguistic content of a conversational exchange (the Mehrabian Conjecture) has been widely cited and equally widely disputed, mainly on methodological grounds. Most studies that have tested the Conjecture have used individual words or short phrases spoken by actors imitating emotions. While cue recognition is certainly important, speech evolved to manage interactions and relationships rather than simple information exchange. In a cross-cultural design, we tested participants’ ability to identify the quality of the interaction (rapport) in naturalistic third party conversations in their own and a less familiar language, using full auditory content versus audio clips whose verbal content has been digitally altered to differing extents. We found that, using nonverbal content alone, people are 75–90% as accurate as they are with full audio cues in identifying positive vs negative relationships, and 45–53% as accurate in identifying eight different relationship types. The results broadly support Mehrabian’s claim that a significant amount of information about others’ social relationships is conveyed in the nonverbal component of speech.
Experimental proof of thiophene hydrodesulfurization reaction steps by isotope (14C) labeled thiophene
Authors: Tétényi Pál , Szarvas Tibor , Ollár Tamás 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHydrodesulfurization of thiophene has been studied over alumina supported sulfided molybdena, nickel-promoted molybdena and over nickel (Mo, NiMo and Ni) catalysts. The experiments were carried out with a mixture of thiophene, labeled with radioactive carbon (thiophene-[G-]-14C) and of non-radioactive tetrahydrothiophene (1:1 mol ratio) in a micro catalytic system. It was established, that the main products were tetrahydrothiophene-14C, 1-butene-14C, 2-butene-14C, butane-14C. Tetrahydrothiophene-14C was a major intermediate in the conversion of thiophene—14C in the experimental condition applied. The amounts of converted tetrahydrothiophene on the catalysts were substantially higher than those of thiophene under the same conditions. Hydrothiophene and dihydrothiophene—14C were intermediate products in the hydrodesulfurization of thiophene and tetrahydrothiophene. The hydrodesulphurization of tetrahydrothiophene was paired with dehydrogenation, producing small amounts of thiophene. The experimental results have been considered in the discussion of the mechanism of thiophene and tetrahydrothiophene desulfurization reaction pathway.
Endogenous testosterone density as ratio of endogenous testosterone levels on prostate volume predicts tumor upgrading in low-risk prostate cancer
Authors: Porcaro Antonio Benito , Gallina Sebastian , Bianchi Alberto , Cerrato Clara , Tafuri Alessandro , Rizzetto Riccardo , Amigoni Nelia , Orlando Rossella , Serafin Emanuele , Gozzo Alessandra , Migliorini Filippo , Antoniolli Stefano Zecchini , Lacola Vincenzo , De Marco Vincenzo , Brunelli Matteo , Cerruto Maria Angela , Siracusano Salvatore , Antonelli Alessandro 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate preoperative endogenous testosterone (ET) density (ETD), defined as the ratio of ET on prostate volume, and tumor upgrading risk in low-risk prostate cancer (PCa).Materials and methodsFrom November 2014 to December 2019, 172 low-risk patients had ET (nmol/L) measured. ETD, prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) and the ratio of percentage of biopsy positive cores (BPC) to prostate volume (PV), defined as BPC density (BPCD), were evaluated. Associations with tumor upgrading in the surgical specimen were assessed by statistical methods.ResultsOverall, 121 patients (70.3%) had tumor upgrading, which was predicted by BPCD (odds ratio, OR = 4.640; 95% CI 1.903–11.316;p = 0.001; overall accuracy: 70.3%). On multivariate analysis, tumor upgrading and clinical density factors related to each other for BPCD being predicted by ETD (regression coefficient,b = 0.032; 95% CI 0.021–0.043;p < 0.0001), PSAD (b = 1.962; 95% CI 1.067–2.586;p < 0.0001) and tumor upgrading (b = 0.259; 95% CI 0.112–0.406;p = 0.001). According to the model, as BPCD increased, ETD and PSAD increased, but the increase was higher for upgraded cases who showed either higher tumor load but significantly lower mean levels of either ET or PSA.ConclusionsAs ETD increased, higher tumor loads were assessed; however, in upgraded patients, lower ET was also detected. ETD might stratify low-risk disease for tumor upgrading features.
Some pupils should know better (because there is better knowledge than opinion). Interim findings from an empirical study of pupils’ and teachers’ understandings of knowledge and big questions in Religious Education
Authors: Stones Alexis , Fraser-Pearce Jo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we draw on interim findings of our research project on Religious Education (RE), knowledge and big questions. We have found Miranda Fricker’s concept of epistemic injustice useful in our analysis—that is, the notion that a person can be wronged “specifically in their capacity as a knower (Fricker 2007, 1). In interviews with Key Stage 3 pupils (aged 12–14) we found that for many pupils, their capacity to know was hindered by the prioritisation of respect for opinion. Where opinion is considered something not to be questioned, this seems to be a key indicator of epistemic disadvantage while some pupils valued and could employ criticality when considering knowledge claims (including opinions). Epistemic advantage in this way exacerbates epistemic injustice, broadening a gap between the epistemic haves and have-nots. This research is part of a larger project where we attempt to answer the question: ‘Does Religious Education have a distinctive contribution to make to the development of epistemic literacy?’. We begin with our account of epistemic literacy underpinned by Young’s powerful knowledge (Young and Muller 2010) and contextualise our data with discourses about knowledge and school education. We focus largely on the emergent theme of (respect for) opinions and we argue that the prioritisation of respect in RE is (for some pupils) a barrier to knowledge. We go on to explore why this matters for individuals, society and RE.
Hepatic hormone FGF21 and its analogues in clinical trials
Authors: Shao Weijuan , Jin Tianru 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a fasting or stress inducible metabolic hormone produced mainly in the liver. It plays important roles in regulating both glucose and lipid homeostasis via interacting with a heterodimeric receptor complex comprising FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) and β‐klotho (KLB). For the past decade, great effort has been made on developing FGF21 derivatives or specific FGF21 receptor agonists into therapeutic agents for various metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity, and more importantly, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here we have reviewed FGF21 gene and protein structures, its expression pattern, cellular signaling cascades that mediate FGF21 production and function. We have then summarized the six clinical trials utilizing four FGF21 analogues. Finally, two recent literatures on the development of GLP‐1 and FGF21 dual agonists were presented briefly.
Rate of broad-spectrum antibiotic overuse in patients receiving outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT)
Authors: Brenon Jessa R. , Shulder Stephanie E. , Munsiff Sonal S. , Burgoyne Colleen M. , Nagel Angela K. , Pillinger Kelly E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBroad-spectrum antibiotics with once-daily dosing are often chosen for outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) due to convenience even when narrower-spectrum antibiotics are appropriate. At our institution, up to 50% of select broad-spectrum OPAT regimens had potential to be narrowed, highlighting the need to re-evaluate regimens for de-escalation prior to discharge.
Cost-effectiveness of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) surveillance in Maryland
Authors: Lin Gary , Tseng Katie K. , Gatalo Oliver , Martinez Diego A. , Hinson Jeremiah S. , Milstone Aaron M. , Levin Scott , Klein Eili ,   for the CDC Modeling Infectious Diseases in Healthcare Program
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjective:We analyzed the efficacy, cost, and cost-effectiveness of predictive decision-support systems based on surveillance interventions to reduce the spread of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE).Design:We developed a computational model that included patient movement between acute-care hospitals (ACHs), long-term care facilities (LTCFs), and communities to simulate the transmission and epidemiology of CRE. A comparative cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted on several surveillance strategies to detect asymptomatic CRE colonization, which included screening in ICUs at select or all hospitals, a statewide registry, or a combination of hospital screening and a statewide registry.Setting:We investigated 51 ACHs, 222 LTCFs, and skilled nursing facilities, and 464 ZIP codes in the state of Maryland.Patients or participants:The model was informed using 2013–2016 patient-mix data from the Maryland Health Services Cost Review Commission. This model included all patients that were admitted to an ACH.Results:On average, the implementation of a statewide CRE registry reduced annual CRE infections by 6.3% (18.8 cases). Policies of screening in select or all ICUs without a statewide registry had no significant impact on the incidence of CRE infections. Predictive algorithms, which identified any high-risk patient, reduced colonization incidence by an average of 1.2% (3.7 cases) without a registry and 7.0% (20.9 cases) with a registry. Implementation of the registry was estimated to save $572,000 statewide in averted infections per year.Conclusions:Although hospital-level surveillance provided minimal reductions in CRE infections, regional coordination with a statewide registry of CRE patients reduced infections and was cost-effective.
Changes of Precipitation‐Runoff Relationship Induced by Climate Variation in a Large Glaciated Basin of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Jiarong , Chen Xi , Liu Jintao , Hu Qi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractClimate warming on the cryosphere could change catchment precipitation‐runoff relation by additional water from glacier melting and more energy absorbed at the ground surface. These changes further alter the physical properties of the catchment. The combined effects of these changes on runoff are analyzed from upstream to downstream of the Yarlung‐Zangpo River (YR) basin in southeastern Tibetan Plateau using statistical methods and a modified Budyko equation with consideration of glacier melting. Major results show that in the study period of 1980–2015 there was a jump in the mean annual temperature and precipitation around 1997. Since 1997, accelerated glacier melt and the thaw of permafrost have contributed to a nearly 80.9% increase in surface runoff in the upstream region of the YR basin. Meanwhile, the increase of runoff in the same period in downstream areas of the basin with warm and wet climates is smaller and has been mostly from an increase in annual precipitation. Part of that increase is offset by changes in catchment properties following the warming, such as the increase in vegetation coverage. Results of runoff responses to climate change and catchment properties across different sub‐basins in the YR basin and between the two time periods separated in 1997 suggest that continued warming would reduce the buffering effect of glacial and permafrost on runoff in upstream areas of the basin, shortening the runoff response time to precipitation and increasing flood and drought vulnerability of the YR basin.
Accelerating Groundwater Data Assimilation With a Gradient‐Free Active Subspace Method
Authors: Yan Hengnian , Hao Chenyu , Zhang Jiangjiang , Illman Walter A. , Lin Guang , Zeng Lingzao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGroundwater models always involve high‐dimensional parameters, which makes computationally tractable data assimilation using surrogate models very challenging. To address this issue, one common practice is to employ dimension reduction (DR) techniques. Nevertheless, traditional DR methods are usually implemented based on prior parameter statistics, that is, without considering the inherent system dynamics. Here, we show that when significant difference in parameter sensitivity exists, further efficiency can be achieved by adopting a supervised DR method, that is, the active subspace (AS) method. To avoid non‐trivial efforts in calculating the gradient information needed in the standard AS method, a cluster‐based gradient‐free AS (GFAS) method is developed in this study. By combining GFAS with Gaussian process regression, a surrogate model for the CPU‐demanding groundwater model can be adaptively constructed to accelerate data assimilation. Furthermore, a compensation scheme is proposed to cope with uncertainty underestimation caused by DR. The developed approach is tested with numerical experiments and field cases, which illustrated that the new approach is more efficient than the previously developed unsupervised ones by incorporating sensitivity information. Although an iterative ensemble smoother is employed in this study, the proposed method can also be used in other data assimilation approaches, such as Markov chain Monte Carlo and ensemble Kalman filter.
The ADEPT study: a comparative study of dentists' ability to detect enamel-only proximal caries in bitewing radiographs with and without the use of AssistDent artificial intelligence software
Authors: Devlin Hugh , Williams Tomos , Graham Jim , Ashley Martin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroduction Reversal of enamel-only proximal caries by non-invasive treatments is important in preventive dentistry. However, detecting such caries using bitewing radiography is difficult and the subtle patterns are often missed by dental practitioners.Aims To investigate whether the ability of dentists to detect enamel-only proximal caries is enhanced by the use of AssistDent artificial intelligence (AI) software.Materials and methods In the ADEPT (AssistDent Enamel-only Proximal caries assessmenT) study, 23 dentists were randomly divided into a control arm, without AI assistance, and an experimental arm, in which AI assistance provided on-screen prompts indicating potential enamel-only proximal caries. All participants analysed a set of 24 bitewings in which an expert panel had previously identified 65 enamel-only carious lesions and 241 healthy proximal surfaces.Results The control group found 44.3% of the caries, whereas the experimental group found 75.8%. The experimental group incorrectly identified caries in 14.6% of the healthy surfaces compared to 3.7% in the control group. The increase in sensitivity of 71% and decrease in specificity of 11% are statistically significant (p <0.01).Conclusions AssistDent AI software significantly improves dentists' ability to detect enamel-only proximal caries and could be considered as a tool to support preventive dentistry in general practice.
JWA suppresses proliferation in trastuzumab-resistant breast cancer by downregulating CDK12
Authors: Liang Yan , Qian Chao , Xie Yinghong , Huang Xiang , Chen Junjie , Ren Yanlin , Fu Ziyi , Li Yongfei , Zeng Tianyu , Yang Fan , Zhou Jianwei , Li Wei , Yin Yongmei , Wang Changqing 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBreast cancer is the most common cancer worldwide. JWA is a microtubule-associated protein that has been identified as a tumor suppressor, and its downregulation in tumors is an independent adverse prognostic factor. The objective of this study was to explore the expression, regulation, and mechanism of JWA in trastuzumab-resistant breast cancers. In this study, we found that JWA expression was lower in trastuzumab-resistant breast cancers than that in trastuzumab-sensitive breast cancers. Furthermore, it was confirmed that overexpression of JWA inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis in trastuzumab-resistant breast cancers both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the low expression of JWA in trastuzumab-resistant breast cancers is associated with a poor prognosis. Combining RNA-sequence datasets and next-generation sequencing, it was found that JWA negatively regulated CDK12, and was involved in the G1-to-S transition of the cell cycle. It has been reported that CDK12 drives breast cancer initiation and induces trastuzumab resistance. Taken together, high expression of JWA could inhibit the growth of trastuzumab-resistant breast cancer, and JWA is a potential predictive marker for trastuzumab resistance. In addition, targeted therapy with JWA may be a novel therapeutic strategy to improve the survival rate of trastuzumab-resistant breast cancer.
State-independent test of quantum contextuality with either single photons or coherent light
Authors: Qu Dengke , Wang Kunkun , Xiao Lei , Zhan Xiang , Xue Peng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractContextuality is a phenomenon at the heart of quantum mechanics different from classical behavior and has been recently identified as a resource in quantum information processing. Experimental demonstration of contextuality is thus an important goal. We experimentally demonstrate a test of state-independent contextuality in a four-dimensional Hilbert space with single photons and violate the inequality by at least 387 standard deviations. Despite imperfections and possible measurement disturbance, our results cannot be explained in non-contextual models. We also provide a theoretical analysis of a test of contextuality with a coherent light field and show how the definitions affect the emergence of non-classical correlations. Our result sheds new light on the conflict between quantum and classical physics.
No guts, no glory: underestimating the benefits of providing children with mechanistic details
Authors: Chuey Aaron , McCarthy Amanda , Lockhart Kristi , Trouche Emmanuel , Sheskin Mark , Keil Frank 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPrevious research shows that children effectively extract and utilize causal information, yet we find that adults doubt children’s ability to understand complex mechanisms. Since adults themselves struggle to explain how everyday objects work, why expect more from children? Although remembering details may prove difficult, we argue that exposure to mechanism benefits children via the formation of abstract causal knowledge that supports epistemic evaluation. We tested 240 6–9 year-olds’ memory for concrete details and the ability to distinguish expertise before, immediately after, or a week after viewing a video about how combustion engines work. By around age 8, children who saw the video remembered mechanistic details and were better able to detect car-engine experts. Beyond detailed knowledge, the current results suggest that children also acquired an abstracted sense of how systems work that can facilitate epistemic reasoning.
The role of Medieval road operation on cultural landscape transformation
Authors: Słowiński Michał , Brauer Achim , Guzowski Piotr , Związek Tomasz , Obremska Milena , Theuerkauf Martin , Dietze Elizabeth , Schwab Markus , Tjallingii Rik , Czaja Roman , Ott Florian , Błaszkiewicz Mirosław 
Published: October 2021

AbstractConnecting pathways are essential for cultural and economic exchange. Commonly, historians investigate the role of routes for cultural development, whereas the environmental impacts of historical routes attract less attention. Here, we present a high-resolution reconstruction of the impact of the major trade route viaMarchionisin the southern Baltic lowlands on landscape evolution since more than 800 years. We combine precisely dated annually laminated sediments from Lake Czechowskie alongside viaMarchionisand pollen data at 5-year resolution together with historical data. The transformation from a quasi-natural to a cultural landscape occurred in three phases (1) an early phase until the mid-fourteenth century with slowly increasing human impact. (2) an intensification of environmental disturbance until (3) the mid-nineteenth century when viaMarchionisbecame a modern traffic route with strong environmental impacts. Superimposed on the long-term development were repeated interruptions by short-term downturns related to societal crisis and political decisions.