bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated recognition of objects and types of forceps in surgical images using deep learning
Authors: Bamba Yoshiko , Ogawa Shimpei , Itabashi Michio , Kameoka Shingo , Okamoto Takahiro , Yamamoto Masakazu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAnalysis of operative data with convolutional neural networks (CNNs) is expected to improve the knowledge and professional skills of surgeons. Identification of objects in videos recorded during surgery can be used for surgical skill assessment and surgical navigation. The objectives of this study were to recognize objects and types of forceps in surgical videos acquired during colorectal surgeries and evaluate detection accuracy. Images (n = 1818) were extracted from 11 surgical videos for model training, and another 500 images were extracted from 6 additional videos for validation. The following 5 types of forceps were selected for annotation: ultrasonic scalpel, grasping, clip, angled (Maryland and right-angled), and spatula. IBM Visual Insights software was used, which incorporates the most popular open-source deep-learning CNN frameworks. In total, 1039/1062 (97.8%) forceps were correctly identified among 500 test images. Calculated recall and precision values were as follows: grasping forceps, 98.1% and 98.0%; ultrasonic scalpel, 99.4% and 93.9%; clip forceps, 96.2% and 92.7%; angled forceps, 94.9% and 100%; and spatula forceps, 98.1% and 94.5%, respectively. Forceps recognition can be achieved with high accuracy using deep-learning models, providing the opportunity to evaluate how forceps are used in various operations.
Individually designed fully covered self-expandable metal stents for pediatric refractory benign esophageal strictures
Authors: Wang Xing , Liu Haifeng , Hu Zhihong , Zhang Rufang , Gu Zhujun , Lin Kai , Feng Yuling 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo share our institutional experience of placing individually designed fully covered self-expandable metal stents (FCSEMSs) for the treatment of refractory benign esophageal strictures (RBESs) in pediatric patients. A 10-year retrospective study between May 2009 and July 2020 that includes 14 children with RBESs who were treated with individually designed FCSEMSs. Patients were followed-up regularly after stent placement to observe the improvement of vomiting and dysphagia, changes in stenosis diameter and complications. A total of 20 stents were successfully placed in 14 patients. During a follow-up period ranging from 5 to 83 months, except for one 4-year-old child who could not endure chest pain, the remaining 13 patients all benefited from stenting. Their Ogilvie & Atkinson scores improved from grade III–IV to grade 0-I, and the diameters of the stenosis’ were enlarged from 2–5 mm to 9–14 mm. Two patients developed restenosis and granulation tissue hyperplasia was found in 2 patients and stent migration and malapposition in 2 patients with esophageal perforations that required further endoscopic intervention. The use of FCSEMS for RBES is safe and effective in selected pediatric patients. Rationally designed stents and timely management of postoperative complications are critical to ensure the success of this new method.
Direct and indirect effects of roads on space use by jaguars in Brazil
Authors: Cerqueira Rafaela Cobucci , de Rivera Oscar Rodríguez , Jaeger Jochen A. G. , Grilo Clara 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRoads pose an imminent threat to wildlife directly through mortality and changes in individual behavior, and also indirectly through modification of the amount and configuration of wildlife habitat. However, few studies have addressed how these mechanisms interact to determine species response to roads. We used structural equation modeling to assess direct and indirect effects (via landscape modification) of roads on space use by jaguars in Brazil, using radio-tracking data available from the literature. We fit path models that directly link jaguars’ space use to roads and to land cover, and indirectly link jaguars’ space use to roads through the same land cover categories. Our findings show that space use by jaguars was not directly affected by roads, but indirect effects occurred through reductions in natural areas on which jaguars depend, and through urban sprawl. Males´ space use, however, was not negatively influenced by urban areas. Since jaguars seem to ignore roads, mitigation should be directed to road fencing and promoting safe crossings. We argue that planners and managers need to much more seriously take into account the deforestation and the unbridled urban expansion from roads to ensure jaguar conservation in Brazil.
Estimated prevalence of Niemann–Pick type C disease in Quebec
Authors: Labrecque Marjorie , Touma Lahoud , Bhérer Claude , Duquette Antoine , Tétreault Martine 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNiemann–Pick type C (NP-C) disease is an autosomal recessive disease caused by variants in theNPC1orNPC2genes. It has a large range of symptoms depending on age of onset, thus making it difficult to diagnose. In adults, symptoms appear mainly in the form of psychiatric problems. The prevalence varies from 0.35 to 2.2 per 100,000 births depending on the country. The aim of this study is to calculate the estimated prevalence of NP-C in Quebec to determine if it is underdiagnosed in this population. The CARTaGENE database is a unique database that regroups individuals between 40 and 69 years old from metropolitan regions of Quebec. RNA-sequencing data was available for 911 individuals and exome sequencing for 198 individuals. We used a bioinformatic pipeline on those individuals to extract the variants in theNPC1/2genes. The prevalence in Quebec was estimated assuming Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium. Two pathogenic variants were used. The variant p.Pro543Leu was found in three heterozygous individuals that share a common haplotype, which suggests a founder French-Canadian pathogenic variant. The variant p.Ile1061Thr was found in two heterozygous individuals. Both variants have previously been reported and are usually associated with infantile onset. The estimated prevalence calculated using those two variants is 0.61:100,000 births. This study represents the first estimate of NP-C in Quebec. The estimated prevalence for NP-C is likely underestimated due to misdiagnosis or missed cases. It is therefore important to diagnose all NP-C patients to initiate early treatment.
Different contributions of efferent and reafferent feedback to sensorimotor temporal recalibration
Authors: Arikan Belkis Ezgi , van Kemenade Bianca M. , Fiehler Katja , Kircher Tilo , Drewing Knut , Straube Benjamin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAdaptation to delays between actions and sensory feedback is important for efficiently interacting with our environment. Adaptation may rely on predictions of action-feedback pairing (motor-sensory component), or predictions of tactile-proprioceptive sensation from the action and sensory feedback of the action (inter-sensory component). Reliability of temporal information might differ across sensory feedback modalities (e.g. auditory or visual), which in turn influences adaptation. Here, we investigated the role of motor-sensory and inter-sensory components on sensorimotor temporal recalibration for motor-auditory (button press-tone) and motor-visual (button press-Gabor patch) events. In the adaptation phase of the experiment, action-feedback pairs were presented with systematic temporal delays (0 ms or 150 ms). In the subsequent test phase, audio/visual feedback of the action were presented with variable delays. The participants were then asked whether they detected a delay. To disentangle motor-sensory from inter-sensory component, we varied movements (active button press or passive depression of button) at adaptation and test. Our results suggest that motor-auditory recalibration is mainly driven by the motor-sensory component, whereas motor-visual recalibration is mainly driven by the inter-sensory component. Recalibration transferred from vision to audition, but not from audition to vision. These results indicate that motor-sensory and inter-sensory components contribute to recalibration in a modality-dependent manner.
Fibroblast transition to an endothelial “trans” state improves cell reprogramming efficiency
Authors: Mathison Megumi , Sanagasetti Deepthi , Singh Vivek P. , Pugazenthi Aarthi , Pinnamaneni Jaya Pratap , Ryan Christopher T. , Yang Jianchang , Rosengart Todd K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFibroblast reprogramming offers the potential for myocardial regeneration via in situ cell transdifferentiation. We explored a novel strategy leveraging endothelial cell plasticity to enhance reprogramming efficiency. Rat cardiac endothelial cells and fibroblasts were treated with Gata4, Mef2c, and Tbx5 (GMT) to assess the cardio-differentiation potential of these cells. The endothelial cell transdifferentiation factor ETV2 was transiently over-expressed in fibroblasts followed by GMT treatment to assess “trans-endothelial” cardio-differentiation. Endothelial cells treated with GMT generated more cTnT+ cells than did cardiac fibroblasts (13% ± 2% vs 4% ± 0.5%, p < 0.01). Cardiac fibroblasts treated with ETV2 demonstrated increased endothelial cell markers, and when then treated with GMT yielded greater prevalence of cells expressing cardiomyocyte markers including cTnT than did fibroblasts treated with GMT or ETV2 (10.3% ± 0.2% vs 1.7% ± 0.06% and 0.6 ± 0.03, p < 0.01). Rat cardiac fibroblasts treated with GMT + ETV2 demonstrated calcium transients upon electrical stimulation and contractility synchronous with surrounding neonatal cardiomyocytes, whereas cells treated with GMT or ETV2 alone failed to contract in co-culture experiments. Human cardiac fibroblasts treated with ETV2 and then GMT likewise demonstrated greater prevalence of cTnT expression than did cells treated with GMT alone (2.8-fold increase, p < 0.05). Cardiac fibroblast transitioning through a trans-endothelial state appears to enhance cardio-differentiation by enhancing fibroblast plasticity.
Comparison of ROX and HACOR scales to predict high-flow nasal cannula failure in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia
Authors: Valencia Carlos Fernando , Lucero Oscar David , Castro Onofre Casas , Sanko Andrey Alexandrovich , Olejua Peter Alfonso 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe pandemic of SARSCov2 infection has created a challenge in health services worldwide. Some scales have been applied to evaluate the risk of intubation, such as the ROX and HACOR. The objective of this study is to compare the predictive capacity of the HACOR scale and the ROX index and define the optimal cut-off points. Study of diagnostic tests based on a retrospective cohort. Composite outcome was the proportion of patients that needed endotracheal intubation (ETI) or died of COVID19 pneumonia. Discrimination capacity was compared by the area under the curve of each of the two scales and the optimal cut-off point was determined using the Liu method. 245 patients were included, of which 140 (57%) required ETI and 152 (62%) had the composite end result of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) failure. The discrimination capacity was similar for the two scales with an area under receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.71 and 0.72 for the HACOR scale for the ROX index, respectively. The optimal cut-off point for the ROX index was 5.6 (sensitivity 62% specificity 65%), while the optimal cut-off point for the HACOR scale was 5.5 (sensitivity 66% specificity 65%). The HACOR scale and the ROX index have a moderate predictive capacity to predict failures to the HFNC strategy. They can be used in conjunction with other clinical variables to define which patients may require invasive mechanical ventilation.
Sustainable improvement and evaluation of the shifting smoothness of vehicle transmission
Authors: Li Yongxiang , Hu Chujin , Chen Zhenwen , Wang Chunhui , Li Jing , Guo Haixia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEnergy savings and environmental protection are the only way for the sustainable development of the automotive industry. The poor shifting performance of automobile transmission may reduce the driver's driving pleasure and make the driver feel tired. In addition, improper shifting would also increase fuel consumption. Therefore, in view of the importance of improving the shift performance of vehicle transmission, GSA testing technology was employed for the existing shift quality problems of commercial vehicles to continuously realize high shifting efficiency and low fuel consumption. Through the establishment of subjective and objective evaluation criteria of the experimentally determined shift performance of commercial vehicles, a reliable theoretical basis is provided for product optimization design and shift performance evaluation. As a result, the shift control strategy and optimization matching measures are formulated to ensure that the power, smoothness and transmission of the whole vehicle system meet the technical requirements and finally achieve a rapid and stable gearshift. Thus, this work unveils the high potential of improving the shift performance and quality of the whole vehicle and is expected to have an impact on reducing fuel consumption and emissions in the relevant automotive industry, contributing to the establishment of a more sustainable society.
Multivariate classification techniques and mass spectrometry as a tool in the screening of patients with fibromyalgia
Authors: Alves Marcelo V. S. , Maciel Lanaia I. L. , Ramalho Ruver R. F. , Lima Leomir A. S. , Vaz Boniek G. , Morais Camilo L. M. , Passos João O. S. , Pegado Rodrigo , Lima Kássio M. G. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFibromyalgia is a rheumatological disorder that causes chronic pain and other symptomatic conditions such as depression and anxiety. Despite its relevance, the disease still presents a complex diagnosis where the doctor needs to have a correct clinical interpretation of the symptoms. In this context, it is valid to study tools that assist in the screening of this disease, using chemical work techniques such as mass spectroscopy. In this study, an analytical method is proposed to detect individuals with fibromyalgia (n = 20, 10 control samples and 10 samples with fibromyalgia) from blood plasma samples analyzed by mass spectrometry with paper spray ionization and subsequent multivariate classification of the spectral data (unsupervised and supervised), in addition to the treatment of selected variables with possible associations with metabolomics. Exploratory analysis with principal component analysis (PCA) and supervised analysis with successive projections algorithm with linear discriminant analysis (SPA-LDA) showed satisfactory results with 100% accuracy for sample prediction in both groups. This demonstrates that this combination of techniques can be used as a simple, reliable and fast tool in the development of clinical diagnosis of Fibromyalgia.
Controlling long-term SARS-CoV-2 infections can slow viral evolution and reduce the risk of treatment failure
Authors: Van Egeren Debra , Novokhodko Alexander , Stoddard Madison , Tran Uyen , Zetter Bruce , Rogers Michael S. , Joseph-McCarthy Diane , Chakravarty Arijit 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe rapid emergence and expansion of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants threatens our ability to achieve herd immunity for COVID-19. These novel SARS-CoV-2 variants often harbor multiple point mutations, conferring one or more evolutionarily advantageous traits, such as increased transmissibility, immune evasion and longer infection duration. In a number of cases, variant emergence has been linked to long-term infections in individuals who were either immunocompromised or treated with convalescent plasma. In this paper, we used a stochastic evolutionary modeling framework to explore the emergence of fitter variants of SARS-CoV-2 during long-term infections. We found that increased viral load and infection duration favor emergence of such variants. While the overall probability of emergence and subsequent transmission from any given infection is low, on a population level these events occur fairly frequently. Targeting these low-probability stochastic events that lead to the establishment of novel advantageous viral variants might allow us to slow the rate at which they emerge in the patient population, and prevent them from spreading deterministically due to natural selection. Our work thus suggests practical ways to achieve control of long-term SARS-CoV-2 infections, which will be critical for slowing the rate of viral evolution.
In vitro response of vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews) to PEG-induced osmotic stress
Authors: Martínez-Santos Eduardo , Cruz-Cruz Carlos Alberto , Spinoso-Castillo José Luis , Bello-Bello Jericó Jabín 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDrought-induced water stress affects the productivity of the Vanilla planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews crop. In vitro culture technique is an effective tool for the study of water stress tolerance mechanisms. This study aimed to evaluate the morphological, physiological and biochemical response of V. planifolia under in vitro water stress conditions induced with polyethylene glycol (PEG). In vitro regenerated shoots of 2 cm in length were subjected to different concentrations of PEG 6000 (0, 1, 2 and 3% w/v) using Murashige and Skoog semi-solid culture medium. At 60 days of culture, different growth variables, dry matter (DM) content, chlorophyll (Chl), soluble proteins (SP), proline (Pro), glycine betaine (GB), stomatal index (SI) and open stomata (%) were evaluated. Results showed a reduction in growth, Chl content, SP, SI and open stomata (%) with increasing PEG concentration, whereas DM, Pro and GB contents rose with increasing PEG concentration. In conclusion, PEG-induced osmotic stress allowed describing physiological and biochemical mechanisms of response to water stress. Furthermore, the determination of compatible Pro and GB osmolytes can be used as biochemical markers in future breeding programs for the early selection of water stress tolerant genotypes.
Manifold learning analysis suggests strategies to align single-cell multimodal data of neuronal electrophysiology and transcriptomics
Authors: Huang Jiawei , Sheng Jie , Wang Daifeng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecent single-cell multimodal data reveal multi-scale characteristics of single cells, such as transcriptomics, morphology, and electrophysiology. However, integrating and analyzing such multimodal data to deeper understand functional genomics and gene regulation in various cellular characteristics remains elusive. To address this, we applied and benchmarked multiple machine learning methods to align gene expression and electrophysiological data of single neuronal cells in the mouse brain from the Brain Initiative. We found that nonlinear manifold learning outperforms other methods. After manifold alignment, the cells form clusters highly corresponding to transcriptomic and morphological cell types, suggesting a strong nonlinear relationship between gene expression and electrophysiology at the cell-type level. Also, the electrophysiological features are highly predictable by gene expression on the latent space from manifold alignment. The aligned cells further show continuous changes of electrophysiological features, implying cross-cluster gene expression transitions. Functional enrichment and gene regulatory network analyses for those cell clusters revealed potential genome functions and molecular mechanisms from gene expression to neuronal electrophysiology.
piR-39980 mediates doxorubicin resistance in fibrosarcoma by regulating drug accumulation and DNA repair
Authors: Das Basudeb , Jain Neha , Mallick Bibekanand 
Published: November 2021

AbstractResistance to doxorubicin (DOX) is an obstacle to successful sarcoma treatment and a cause of tumor relapse, with the underlying molecular mechanism still unknown. PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) have been shown to enhance patient outcomes in cancers. However, there are few or no reports on piRNAs affecting chemotherapy in cancers, including fibrosarcoma. The current study aims to investigate the relationship between piR-39980 and DOX resistance and the underlying mechanisms. We reveal that piR-39980 is less expressed in DOX-resistant HT1080 (HT1080/DOX) fibrosarcoma cells. Our results show that inhibition of piR-39980 in parental HT1080 cells induces DOX resistance by attenuating intracellular DOX accumulation, DOX-induced apoptosis, and anti-proliferative effects. Its overexpression in HT1080/DOX cells, on the other hand, increases DOX sensitivity by promoting intracellular DOX accumulation, DNA damage, and apoptosis. The dual-luciferase reporter assay indicates that piR-39980 negatively regulates RRM2 and CYP1A2 via direct binding to their 3′UTRs. Furthermore, overexpressing RRM2 induces DOX resistance of HT1080 cells by rescuing DOX-induced DNA damage by promoting DNA repair, whereas CYP1A2 confers resistance by decreasing intracellular DOX accumulation, which piR-39980 restores. This study reveals that piR-39980 could reduce fibrosarcoma resistance to DOX by modulating RRM2 and CYP1A2, implying that piRNA can be used in combination with DOX.
Noncovalent functionalization of Ti3C2TX using cationic porphyrins with enhanced stability against oxidation
Authors: Thurakkal Shameel , Zhang Xiaoyan 
Published: November 2021

Noncovalently functionalized Ti3C2TX MXenes are prepared via electrostatic interactions between cationic porphyrins and Ti3C2TX. Various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques are used to characterize the two hybrids, which show enhanced stability against oxidation and a pH dependent release of the porphyrins.
Finding “Zen” in Aphasia: The Benefits of Yoga as Described by Key Stakeholders
Authors: Bislick Lauren , Dietz Aimee , Duncan E. Susan , Garza Pilar , Gleason Rachel , Harley Dana , Kersey Greg , Kersey Terri , Mamlekar Chitrali R. , McCarthy Michael J. , Noe Vicki , Rushlow Deanna , Rushlow J. Chase , Van Allan Stephanie 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
Recently, the literature has witnessed a surging interest regarding the use of mind–body approaches with people who have aphasia, generating a plethora of possible outcome measures. During this same time, a core outcome set for aphasia has been recommended. The purpose of this clinical focus article is to give our survivor, co-survivor, and clinician stakeholder coauthors a platform to share their personal narrative regarding their yoga journey, with the goal of identifying primary outcome domains central to capturing the impact of yoga on the recovery process for people with poststroke aphasia. Ultimately, we hope this clinical focus article helps clinicians understand how yoga might benefit their patients and draws attention to potential outcome measures, while also highlighting the important fact that traditional aphasia assessments do not capture the improvements stakeholders pinpoint as crucial to the essence of mind–body interventions.

Method:
This clinical focus article summarizes the case reports of Terri's and Chase's poststroke yoga journeys using the power of personal narrative and an adapted photovoice method. Additional stakeholders share in this storytelling process, using a variety of narrative tools. As this story is unveiled, several patient-identified outcome domains are highlighted as essential to document the impact of yoga on survivors.

Results:
Terri's and Chase's yoga journeys revealed the multifaceted impact of yoga on five domains: (a) feelings of wholeness and “zen,” (b) increased attentional capacity for language tasks, (c) increased verbal fluency, (d) decreased pain, and (e) relationship mutuality.

Conclusion:
Team Yoga realized that the practice of yoga—whether as a stand-alone practice or integrated into therapy sessions—fosters feelings of wholeness or “zen,” which likely correlates with decreased pain with a simultaneous increase in resilience and flexibility of coping strategies to manage the host of chronic poststroke challenges.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.17003464