bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of a Low Cost Solar Simulator by using Light Emitting Diode (LED)
Authors: Meshram N. D. , Yadav P. J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Solar simulators based on light emitting diodes (LEDs) have shown great promise as alternative light sources for indoor testing of PV cells with certain characteristics that make them superior to the traditional solar simulators. However, large-area uniform illumination, more suitable for larger cells and module measurements still remain a challenge today. In this paper, we discuss the development and fabrication of a scalable large-area LED-based solar simulator that consists of multiple tapered light guides. We demonstrate fine intermixing of many LED light rays and power delivery in the form of a synthesized air mass (AM) 1.5 spectrum over an area of 25 cm by 50 cm with better than 10 % spatial no uniformity. We present the spectral output, the spatial uniformity and the temporal stability of the simulator in both the constant current mode and the pulsed-mode LED operation, and compare our data with the International Electro technical Commission (IEC) standards on solar simulators for class rating. Although the light intensity with our current design and settings falls short of the standard solar AM 1.5intensity, this design and further improvements open up the possibility of achieving large-area, high power indoor solar simulation with various desired spectra.
Effect of Pt-doped on the photocurrent of MSM photodetector
Authors: Sangwaranatee N , Srithanachai I , Niemcharoen S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article report the fabrication and characteristics of MSM photo detector by compare between non-doped and doped platinum (Pt) atom. Fabrication process has same but different in Pt doping process for atom doping and diffusion process. The metal finger width 2um with 50 um spacing between metal contact. At bias voltage 10 voltage show higher capacitance-voltage and photocurrent increase after doped with Pt atom. By experiment shows photocurrent increase around 4 times from 45.98 to 197.22 uA at bias 10 voltage by photoluminescence 25,000 lux.
A novel approach to determine blocking temperature in bulk materials
Authors: Shukla A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Blocking temperature (θB) holds utmost significance in magnetic devices. A novel approach to ascertain the θB for bulk materials has been propounded. The θB has been correlated with the magnetic entropy change (ΔS) during zero-field cooled (ZFC) and field cooled (FC) magnetization. The values of ΔS have been calculated in µB/f.u.K. The θB has been investigated for two distinct cases – (I) with ZFC magnetization reversal and (II) without ZFC magnetisation reversal. Based on the reported experimental approach, a novel definition of θB has been propounded for bulk materials. The combined analysis of ZFC and FC magnetization behaviour provides a better approximation of θB for bulk materials.
Thermal Analysis of an Alkali Titanate: Sodium Hexa-Titanate (Na2Ti6O13) in Pure and Doped (Zinc) States
Authors: Alam Navshad , Khatoon Tahira , Chandel Vishal Singh 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper deals with the synthesis of pure and Zn doped samples of Sodium Hexa-titanate (NHT, an Alkali Titanate) by solid-state reaction method and characterization by XRD, SEM and Thermal analysis. The phase of the synthesized samples has been confirmed by XRD and the particle size was estimated using the Debye-Scherrer equation. X-ray diffraction patterns of the samples reveal a single phase with monoclinic structure for both pure and doped samples. Surface morphology and the dimensions of the synthesized materials have been analysed with the help of field emission-scanning electron microscopy at different magnification. To explore the various phases of the samples under thermal conditions thermal analysis (DSC/TGA) has also been performed
Nanodot Optically Stimulated Luminescence Dosimeter for Entrance Surface Dose measurement at selected Health Clinic in Perak, Malaysia
Authors: Saidin M.T , Rahman A A , Radzi Y M , Harun H H , Karim M K A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The aimed of this study is to evaluate patient dosimetry received from Posterior Anterior Chest X-ray (PA-CXR) examination performed at community clinics in Perak using a nanodot Al2O3:C Optically Stimulated Luminescence dosimeter (OSLD). Four clinics were involved in this research namely Simpang Health Clinic, Buntong Health Clinic, Teluk Intan Health Clinic and Pengkalan Hulu Health Clinic. The ESD was measured by placing the OSLD on polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) slabs that resembling a human body specifically lung. These clinics were selected as they were excluded from the first and second national dose survey conducted in Malaysia since 1993-1995 and 2005-2009 respectively. Previously, the recommended guidance level for PA-CXR entrance surface dose (ESD) was set at 0.9 mGy. We compare the ESD measured with OSL and guidance level set under the second national dose survey which utilized LiF:Mg, Ti thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD). The results indicated that the 3rd quartile ESD measured using OSLD were ranged 0.271 mGy – 0.368 mGy which 30% lesser than the recommended guidance level.
Preparation and humidity sensing behavior of cadmium – zinc ferrite nanocomposite
Authors: Baraker Basavarajeshwari M. , Lobo Blaise , Sikarwar Samiksha , Yadav B. C. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Cadmium Zinc ferrite (Cd0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4) nano-composites (NC) were prepared by auto-combustion method, and annealed at 650°C. The humidity sensing behavior of this composite has been studied. The ability of a ferrite to sense the ambient water molecules depends on their interaction with ferrite material’s porous surface. The Cd0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4NC samples exhibit a high value of sensitivity to humidity, equal to 1.483 M?/%RH; this high sensitivity is due to two reasons. The first reason for this is the porous morphology of the prepared NC samples, confirmed from the SEM images. The second reason is the low value of crystallite size as more active sites for adsorption and desorption of water molecules become possible when the crystallite size is reduced. The humidity sensing behavior of the prepared composite films, based on electrical impedance measurements, exhibit an excellent reproducibility of 98%, as well as good response and recovery times of 86 seconds and 44 seconds, respectively. Therefore, it is a good candidate for humidity sensing applications.
Mathematical model for dynamic force analysis of printed circuit boards
Authors: Kovtun I.I. , Boiko J.M. , Petrashchuk S.A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Mathematical model for dynamic force analysis of printed circuit boards has been designed to calculate dynamic deformations and stresses in printed circuit boards and assess their dynamic strength and rigidity. The represented model describes a printed circuit board as a separate oscillatory system, which is simulated as prismatic beam set on two oscillating supports. Simulation and assessment of stress and deflection in printed circuit boards and obtaining their amplitude frequency responses provided recommendations, which ensure strength and stiffness of printed circuit boards subjected to dynamic loads.
1e-Domination on Cartesian Product of Path Semigraphs
Authors: Narmatha D. , Indhumathy D. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Semigraphs are the more general form of graphs. The graphical structure of semigraphs are combined in several ways. The Cartesian product is one of the way of combining graphs to get more general structures from the simple structure of graphs. In this paper, 1e-domination number of the Cartesian product of some simple path semigraphs are discussed.
Implementation and quality measures of graph theory model based image segmentation process in medical application
Authors: Sekar U , Raj Mohan R , Subba Reddy MV 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This research work simplified the representation of an image into more significant and easier way to analyse the image segmentation process by applying graph theory using color spatial clustering with consensus region merging. The color spatial clustering with consensus region merging is compared with other traditional and graph theory model to analyse the various quality measures calculated for the input of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan and X-Ray images which will be useful in medical imaging for better analysis during diagnosis. From quality measures, the proposed method shows good quality image parameters as it has lower MSE, NAE values.
Bianchi-VI inflationary model with flat potential in general relativity
Authors: Sharma Sanjay , Poonia Laxmi , Kumawat Sunil 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We have investigated Bianchi Type VI inflationary model in presence of flat potential to study the accelerating behavior of the physical universe in detail. To obtain the deterministic solution we consider the supplementary relation the component

σ
3
3

of shear tensor

σ
j
i

is proportional to expansion parameter θ which yield to appropriate condition c = (ab)
N
between metric coefficients, where N is non-negative constant. Special case in Bianchi Type VI model provide Bianchi I, III and V space-time. Geometrical and dynamical aspects of models are also discussed in different cases
A novel single-element transducer with curved surface for cavitation detection
Authors: Yin Xiaoyu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Acoustic cavitation is increasingly used to apply in industrial and clinical areas. However, with the development of these fields, the precision of devices used to monitor cavitation activity gradually cannot meet the needs of the higher accuracy requirements of practical application. In this paper, we propose several design schemes of a novel passive cavitation detector (PCD) which is hoped to have better measuring performance than traditional plane PCD because of its focusing effect. By conducting FEM simulations, the optimal design plan and the surface curvature of PCD were chosen. It is shown that the measuring ability of the final selected PCD is near 1.7 times of traditional plane PCD.
Research on fusion detection of centralized mobile target based on seismic wave sensor
Authors: Xu-fang Zhu , Ao-feng Li , Shuo He 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Aiming at the limitation of single sensor detection and the deficiency of low information utilization rate in distributed fusion mode, according to the characteristics of strong energy and long propagation distance on free surface of seismic wave and the advantages of centralized fusion detection method, a centralized fusion detection algorithm based on Neyman-Pearson criterion is proposed. The probability formula of single sensor detection and centralized fusion detection is deduced and simulated. Through the experiment of ground maneuvering target, it is proved that the algorithm can effectively improve the detection probability and performance of the target.
Design of Compensated Hall High Current Sensor Control System
Authors: Xu Wu , Linsen Wang , Mi Pan , Ya Li 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Based on the principle and characteristics of the zero-flux Hall current sensor, traditional Hall current sensors mostly use analog drive circuits, which have low output power, poor anti-interference ability and are inconvenient to debug. Aiming at the disadvantages of traditional sensors, a method based on the composition and technical realization of a digital drive system with DSP as the core is given. DSP is used as the main controller which combined with CPLD to realize the distribution of information. The hardware circuit of the drive system is designed that includes operational amplifier circuit, DSP processing circuit, optocoupler circuit and power amplifier circuit. Also, the system application software is designed and it includes the DSP program of the main control board, the CPLD information distribution program and the upper computer application software. Through analyzing the waveforms and data of the experimental test, the results show that the designed sensor digital drive system has good uncertainty, linearity, and anti-interference. All indicators have reached the design requirements and have a wide range of practicability.
Corrosion Depth Monitoring of Hole-Edge Based on Lamb wave
Authors: Zhang Weifang , Xu Duo , Wang Xiangyu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study proposed a novel method using Lamb wave to detect corrosion depth at the hole-edge of plate-like structure. An experimental procedure with a hexagon layout using 6 piezoelectric sensors (PZTs) was applied. The A0 mode of the Lamb wave was selected to detect depth-loss damage, and the amplitude of A0 mode gradually decreases with the increasing of corrosion depth. The simulation results are consistent with the real damage pictures, which confirms the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that A0 mode of Lamb wave can be used to identify corrosion depth damage at the hole-edge of plate-like structure.
Application of adaptive line enhancer based on NLMS algorithm in shaft-rate electric field signal detection
Authors: Zeng Wenshi , Bian Qiang , Tong Yude 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
There is lots of useful signal feature in ship’s shaft-rate electric field. Extracting the signal feature is vital in underwater target recognition. In order to extract the feature of the shaft-rate electric field, the shaft-rate electric field is processed by ALE based on NLMS. The improved NLMS algorithm is proposed to construct an adaptive line-spectrum enhancer, and then the measured data of shaft-rate electric field is processed by ALE. The results show that the algorithm can effectively separate the weak shaft frequency electric field signal from the broadband background noise at low SNR. Compared with the ordinary ALE, the algorithm has more significant effect in improving SNR, faster convergence speed and smaller steady-state error, which greatly improves the detection ability of ship shaft frequency electric field.
Probing orientation degrees of polar molecule from high-order harmonic generation: the case of partial alignment
Authors: Nguyen Kim-Ngan H. , Phan Ngoc-Loan , Le Cam-Tu , Vu Dinh Duy 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Recently, we have proposed a general method to probe the whole range of degrees of orientation based on the time-frequency profile of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) but for perfectly aligned polar molecules only. In this study, we expand the previous results by considering the imperfect alignment of an ensemble of polar molecules. The “experimental” HHGs with molecular alignment distribution are simulated by numerically solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. The results show that, for high and moderate degrees of alignment, the proposed method is still effective and robust. For an ensemble with low degrees of alignment, the systematic error is significant due to the inaccuracy caused by the molecules aligned at large angles to the laser electric field.
The melting curve of gold up to 1500 kbar
Authors: Tan Pham Duy 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The melting temperature Tm of gold has been determined from ambient pressure to 1500 kbar using statistical moment method (SMM) and the Lindemann criterion. The equation of the melting curve obtained is a quadratic polynomial of the melting temperature Tm, with coefficients that are explicitly dependent on pressure P. Simple number calculation and easily verify. Numerical results for the melting temperature of gold up to 1500 kbar are in good agreement with the experimental data and the theoretical results of other authors.
Rectangular quantum wire with an infinite potential GaAs/AlGaAs: Quantum theory of acoustomagnetoelectric effect in the presence of electromagnetic wave
Authors: Huong Nguyen Thu , Thang Nguyen Quyet , Nghia Nguyen Van , Bau Nguyen Quang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The acoustomagnetoelectric (AME) effect in an GaAs/AlGaAs rectangular quantum wire with infinite potential (RQWIP) is investigated under the influence of electromagnetic wave (EMW) by using quantum kinetic equation (QKE) method. We obtain the electron distribution function in the interaction with internal and external phonon. By solving the inhomogeneous differential equation, the current density

J
→

and the acoustomagnetoelectric field (E AME
) are obtained in the dependence on the EMW amplitude, external acoustic wave frequency, the system temperature and the RQWIP length. The results are numerically evaluated for GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wire. We compares it to the result obtained in case of the bulk semiconductors and others low-dimension system in order to show the difference and the novelty of the results. The E AME depends non-linearly on the wire length L z
and exhibits an oscillatory behavior as the function of wire length, although the stability period in long wire length condition. Moreover, we survey the impact of EMW on EAME with the dependence on the external acoustic wave frequency

ω

q
→

The result also indicates that the current density

J
→

amplifies exponentially as the temperature increases.
On the Quadron State in Parabolic Quantum Dots
Authors: Quang Nguyen Hong , Dung Tran Anh 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this work we consider a quadron – a state of four carriers – two electrons and two holes in quantum dots with parabolic confinement. By using the Hatree-Fock method, the binding energies of the quadron and biexciton have been calculated for a full range of the electron-to-hole oscillator length ratio. The effect of the magnetic field on the binding energy of the quadron and biexciton has been also investigated. The crossing between anti-binding and binding in both the excited quadron and biexciton states for the certain ranges of the electron-to-hole oscillator length ratio has been found.
Two-dimensional clusters of colloidal tetramers via droplet emulsion templating
Authors: Hai Pham Van 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this report, using a kinetic Monte Carlo simulation method we considered a hierarchical assembly of planar square tetramers, constrained in a plane, via droplet evaporation. We found that colloidal tetramers undergo a structural transition from initial square-shape tetramers to diamond-like tetramers. A variety range of novel cluster configurations belongs to a particular class of geometrical shape, that has not been previously reported to the clusters of single colloids. Considering potential applications of colloidal clusters in electronics, photonic materials, our result could provide an effective way to control the formation of complex colloidal cluster structures.
Success factors in product development projects: expert opinions
Authors: Soltész László , Berényi László 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Successful product development is a common challenge for technical and management experts. The increasing pressure on time reduction and cost savings while enhancing product features, requires rethinking project management methods. This paper analyses the opinions of product development experts about the success factors of product development projects. A voluntary online survey was used for data collection in 2020. The study confirms that development engineers, test engineers, project managers, and product development managers have partially different approaches to important success factors. Precise regulation and focus on collaboration are considered essential topics. The results show that knowledge management and collaboration with other organizational units must be improved. Enhancing the interpretation of project success and forcing the better utilization of lessons learned or module information can contribute to sustainable success.
Risks and threats in cyberspace – The key to success in digitization
Authors: Strelicz Andrea 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The rapid spread of digitization raises some questions about the sustainability or preparedness of economic associations and their resilience to threats. Based on recently completed research, it can be said, that behind the technology aspect of digitization; it is essential to develop a management approach to reduce the exposure of knowledge stored in data, to threats. Beyond the opportunities provided by digitization, there is a counterweight to the dangers and importance of data protection presented in this study. At the same time, organizations and surveillance systems set up to support data and information protection, as well as cyberattacks, are currently mentioned as some of the most significant risk factors in the world. Then a current research’s results are introduced, on the importance of data protection. Finally, the paper concludes with some cases that have happened in the real world.
The design and application of a pneumatic suspension test bench
Authors: Marada Imre 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The suspension is one of the most important parts of a motorcycle. The main function of a suspension is to connect the frame with the wheels. During its operation different forces and torques affect this unit. It is important to analyse the behaviour of the suspension during its use. The subject of the article is to present the design and application possibilities of a device suitable for testing the rear suspension of motorcycles. With this equipment it is possible to analyse the rear suspension of motorcycles. During its operation, the test bench moves an artificial obstacle under the wheel. As a result, the equipment simulates the motorcycle’s passing through uneven road surfaces. This way we can analyse a rear suspension of a motorcycle or a suspension fixed to a test frame.
Sessile Serrated Adenoma With Dysplasia of the Colon
Authors: Batts Kenneth P , Cinnor Birtukan , Kim Adam , Stickney Emily , Burgart Lawrence J 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Sessile serrated adenomas with dysplasia (SSADs) of the colon are transitional lesions between sessile serrated adenomas (SSAs) and a subset of colorectal adenocarcinomas. We wished to gain insight into the relative percentages and significance of SSAD subtypes.

Methods
Retrospective (2007-2012) clinicopathologic review of colorectal polyps initially regarded as having mixed serrated and dysplastic elements. SSADs were subdivided into those with cap-like adenomatous dysplasia (ad1), non-cap-like adenomatous dysplasia (ad2), serrated dysplasia (ser), minimal dysplasia (min), and dysplasia not otherwise specified (nos). MLH1 immunostaining was performed on many.

Results
SSADser (7.7%) had a greater propensity for right colon, women, and MLH1 loss vs the entire cohort. SSAad1 (11.6%) had the least female preponderance, was least likely to have MLH1 loss, and was most likely to affect the left colorectum. SSAD with MLH1 loss was associated with an increased burden of SSAs in the background colon (P = .0003) but not tubular adenomas or hyperplastic polyps. Most SSADs (ad2 and nos groups, 80% combined) showed difficult-to-classify dysplasia, intermediate MLH1 loss rates, and intermediate clinical features.

Conclusions
While some trends exist, morphologically subclassifying SSADs is probably not justified in routine clinical practice. MLH1 loss portends a greater burden of SSAs in the background colon.