bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sightings of Bhakti and Its Social Impact
Authors: Keune Jon 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter shows the regional variations of bhakti traditions and how this diversity complicates theorizing about bhakti. Attempts at providing a general overview take one or another (usually North Indian) regional tradition for granted as representative. In bhakti scholarship, this has over-emphasized aspects of some traditions while suppressing others. The book’s perspective is based in the Marathi-speaking territory of western India (roughly, Maharashtra) where issues of caste and untouchability featured prominently in the region’s traditions. It is no coincidence that Maharashtra was home to some of India’s most organized and vocal movements of Dalit assertion in the 20th century. Chapter 2 thus offers an unconventional overview of bhakti scholarship as perceived from western India, where bhakti’s social contribution in terms of democracy, inclusion, and equality was of special interest.
Bhakti and Equality in Marathi Print, 1854–1950
Authors: Keune Jon 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter charts the establishment of equality language in colonial and postcolonial Marathi publications about Vārkarī literature and traditions and recovers earlier Vārkarī ways of envisioning the relationship between bhakti and caste. Liberal and some nationalist authors between roughly 1854 and 1930 mined sectarian literatures and stories to construct a non-sectarian sense of regional identity. This held special importance because of how vital Marathi literary history has been for imagining the region’s social history. More critical views were voiced by low-caste authors and secular rationalists in the late 19th century, and later by Marxist historians. Food featured prominently in pivotal events in many of these proponents’ and critics’ lives. Having described the formation of modern discourse around bhakti and equality, the chapter starts recovering the earlier devotional and nondualist Marathi terms that modern equality language displaced.
Restaging Transgressive Commensality
Authors: Keune Jon 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter follows the two stories discussed in Chapter 5 into the 20th century, considering how they were represented in plays and films. Three main factors reshaped how the stories appeared on Marathi stage and screen: the narratological demands within and across media formats, equality language that had taken hold in 19th-century Marathi discourse, and the changing landscape of caste politics in the 20th century, especially the rise of non-brahman movements. Playwrights and film producers were inspired by late 19th-century biographers who had become fascinated with the social ethical dimension of stories about Eknāth. In this context, the double vision story’s transgressive commensality became especially popular in plays and films, as producers often sought to resolve the bhakti-caste question by depicting Eknāth as a social reformer.
Children of the Great Atlantic Migration: Narratives of Young Jewish Lives
Authors: Lederhendler Eli 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The experiences of children during the process of migration are explored with reference to the Great Atlantic Migration, specifically the Jewish immigration from Eastern Europe around the turn of the 20th century. These experiences, as recorded by them later in their lives, are also represented in literary works penned by immigrant and second-generation authors. The subjective and representational aspects of child-immigrant lives add substance and perspective to an array of social data available about that era, including the proportion of children and youth in the migration stream, the effect of mass immigration on social services (including public education), employment of children and youth in industry, and welfare and institutional care. The article asserts that child-immigrants can be studied not only from the perspective of achievement outcomes in American society, as is currently common in the literature, but also in terms of assigning child-immigrants a separate voice in the historiography of U.S. migration.
Hide-and-Seek: The Tale of Three Girls in the Giado Concentration Camp in Libya (1942–1943)
Authors: Barazani Nava T. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
typhus epidemic that broke out in the Giado concentration camp in Libya in December 1942 constituted the major cause of death among the hundreds of Jewish detainees. Seeking to prevent its spread, the camp guards shaved the heads of those who had lice in their hair. In interviews conducted between 2009 and 2017 with survivors of the camp who were children at that time, only the women mention the shaving of heads and their desperate attempt to evade this fate. This chapter relates the story of three women who, as children, were incarcerated in the camp. Their narratives, which move fluidly between their perceptions as children and their adult recollections, point to a gender-related phenomenon pertaining to the dread of being caught and subjected to a head-shaving, and the trauma associated with a girl’s being shorn of her hair.
The Transformation of the Bar Mitzvah Ceremony, 1800–2020
Authors: Golinkin David 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
After discussing the pre-history of the bar mitzvah ceremony, this chapter analyzes four basic components of the ceremony before the year 1800: the Barukh sheptarani blessing; the aliyah to the Torah; the se’udat mitzvah (festive meal); and the derashah (sermon given by the bar mitzvah boy). The bulk of the chapter is devoted to six major changes that transpired after the year 1800: from bar mitzvah to Confirmation and back to bar and bat mitzvah; the origin and development of the bat mitzvah ceremony; the transformation of the elaborate derashah prepared by a teacher or rabbi to a much simpler devar torah prepared by the bar or bat mitzvah boy or girl; the transformation of a simple se’udat mitzvah into an elaborate party; the adoption of the Ashkenazic bar mitzvah ceremony by Sephardic and Oriental Jews; and the secular bar or bat mitzvah ceremony or party.
The Child Who Cannot Ask: The Holocaust Poetry of Moisei Teif
Authors: Shternshis Anna 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Soviet Jewish poet Moisei Teif, whose young son was murdered during the Holocaust, wrote a number of poems in Yiddish on the taboo subject of the massive loss of Jewish children during the Second World War—a trauma that almost every Soviet Jewish family experienced, but often lied or kept silent about. This chapter focuses on one poem in particular, “Kikhelekh and Zemelekh,” which was translated into Russian and incorporated into a play, and which, in the course of time, became an emblematic work for Soviet Jews who, for years, had lacked the language (or means) to commemorate their losses.
Queen Victoria
Authors: Ledger-Lomas Michael 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This book evokes the pervasive importance of religion to Queen Victoria’s life but also that life’s centrality to the religion of Victorians around the globe. The first comprehensive exploration of Victoria’s religiosity, it shows how moments in her life—from her accession to her marriage and her successive bereavements—enlarged how she defined and lived her faith. It portrays a woman who had simple convictions but a complex identity that suited her multinational kingdom: a determined Anglican who preferred Presbyterian Scotland, an ardent Protestant who revered her husband’s Lutheran homeland but became sympathetic towards Roman Catholicism and Islam, a moralizing believer in the religion of the home who scorned Sabbatarianism. Drawing on a systematic reading of her journals and an extensive selection of manuscripts from British and German archives, it sheds new light not just on Victoria’s private beliefs but also on her activity as a monarch, who wielded her powers energetically in questions of church and state. Unlike a conventional biography, this book interweaves its account of Victoria’s life with a panoramic survey of what religious communities made of it. Drawing on sermons, newspapers, and other sources from around the British world, it shows how different churches and world religions expressed an emotional identification with their Queen and Empress, turning her into an embodiment of their different and often rival conceptions of what her Empire ought to be. The result is a biography of a Queen which also argues that monarchy and religion remained close allies in the nineteenth-century British world.
Introduction
Authors: Ledger-Lomas Michael 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The introduction explains the central importance of Victoria’s religious life to Victorian religion and politics. Not only have existing biographies of Victoria given insufficient attention to her religion, but they have also failed to incorporate the modern historiography of the Victorian monarchy, which emphasizes the structural rather than the personal causes of Victoria’s power and influence. The introduction sets out how this biography portrays Victoria both as an individual and as a European and global sovereign, and discusses the manuscript and printed sources which serve as the basis for the project. It ends with an outline of the following chapters and describes how the book interweaves close attention to Victoria’s strong personal piety with analysis of what religious communities claimed to feel about it and why they did so.
The Crown of Sacrifice
Authors: Ledger-Lomas Michael 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
While a crescendo of bereavements later in life undoubtedly turned Victoria into a gloomy and retrospective person and sovereign, this chapter suggests that they also bolstered her spiritual credentials with her people. The chapter concentrates on the lavish way in which she buried and commemorated a series of male relatives—her son Leopold, the Duke of Albany; her grandsons Albert Victor, the Duke of Clarence and Christian Victor; and her son-in-law Henry of Battenberg—suggesting that this made her the Empire’s mourner in chief. The martial flourishes of their funerals aligned a feminine monarchy with the increasingly militaristic and imperial character of male elite culture. Changes in Christian eschatology meant that concern with death in late Victorian culture focused on the feelings of the living rather than the postmortem fate of the dead, and as such there was much discussion of and identification with Victoria’s feelings. In this way, royal deaths secured Victoria’s position as the head of what historians have termed an ‘empire of sentiment’, whose Christian advocates claimed it was based on sacrifice rather than power.
Madness
Authors: Fürst Juliane 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this chapter the complex relationship between hippies, the state, and the trope of madness is discussed. Hippies often feigned mental illness in order to escape army service—an action that was facilitated by the Soviet state’s usage of schizophrenia as a diagnosis for dissidents and other nonconformists. Excused from the army and armed with an official document certifying their ‘craziness’ hippies felt free from many of the demands of Soviet life and society. At the same time, the state used psychiatry to lock away unwanted social elements such as hippies, severely curtailing their general freedom, sometimes for years. The battlefield of insanity was hence an interface at which Soviet hippies and state competed for discursive and real power.
Introduction
Authors: Deery Oisín 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter situates the natural-kind view defended in the book in relation to standard views about free will. Typically, standard approaches assume a broadly descriptivist theory of reference, according to which the concept of free will refers (and so free will exists and we act freely) just in case it is associated with presuppositions that are (mostly) satisfied by actual human behaviors. On the natural-kind view, by contrast, the presuppositions associated with the concept do not have to be satisfied in order for reference to succeed (or for free will to exist). According to the natural-kind view, moreover, even if people’s free-agency phenomenology influences the reference conditions of the concept, the phenomenology supports both the natural-kind view and compatibilism.
Methodology and free will
Authors: Deery Oisín 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The existence question asks whether actual human agents have free will. By contrast, the compatibility question asks whether free will is compatible with determinism. Most philosophers hope that answering the compatibility question will subsequently help to answer the existence question. However, standard approaches to free will tend to result in empirical and dialectical stalemates about how to analyze the concept of free will. At the very least, these approaches leave us unable to definitively establish the application or reference conditions of the concept, and so they make it difficult to answer not only the compatibility question, but also the existence question. The main goal of Chapter 1 is to survey a number of problems with standard approaches to free will, which rely heavily on intuitions. The aim in doing so is to motivate an alternative approach, which does not rely on intuitions.
Naturally free action
Authors: Deery Oisín 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Adopting the alternative approach motivated in Chapter 1, this chapter argues that free will is a natural kind, by relying on the influential idea that natural kinds are homeostatic property clusters (HPCs). The resulting HPC natural-kind view about free will answers the existence question positively: free will exists and we act freely. Moreover, it does so without directly addressing the compatibility question, although the view favors compatibilism over libertarianism. The chapter also rebuts a prominent objection to natural-kind views about free will, including the HPC view. Finally, the HPC view builds on Andrew Sims’s recent view that agents are a natural kind and it yields an appealing alternative to standard approaches as well as to recent revisionist approaches to free will and moral responsibility.
Reference, error, naturalism
Authors: Deery Oisín 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter reinforces the HPC natural-kind view about free will by considering its advantages over other approaches in more detail, including Manuel Vargas’s revisionist approach. It is argued that Vargas’s view founders on a dilemma, which the natural-kind view escapes: Either Vargas’s approach is non-descriptivist, like the natural-kind view, in which case it is not revisionist; or it is revisionist, in which case it is not clear how it is descriptivist. Moreover, this chapter argues that the natural-kind view serves Vargas’s purposes better than his own view does. Finally, the chapter compares the natural-kind view to standard compatibilist, libertarian, and hard-incompatibilist views. Among all of these views, it is argued that only the HPC view is sufficiently methodologically naturalistic in its approach.
Is free-agency phenomenology accurate?
Authors: Deery Oisín 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter argues that free-agency phenomenology might be accurate or veridical even if determinism is true, in which case it is compatibilist. Indeed, free-agency phenomenology might be veridical even if it has libertarian presentational content and assuming the truth of determinism. Compatibilists can concede, at least for argument’s sake, that free-agency phenomenology is in one sense libertarian. Yet they should insist that it is in another sense compatibilist. Consequently, even if libertarian descriptions of free-agency phenomenology are apt, there is still a sense in which this very phenomenology might be veridical, assuming determinism. This verdict undermines a motivation for libertarianism, since it removes any presumption in favor of libertarianism based on phenomenology. It also supports the natural-kind view about free will.
Distributive most
Authors: Dobrovie-Sorin Carmen , Giurgea Ion 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRomanian, Hungarian, and Icelandic are languages in which most allows the proportional interpretation when combined with count NPs but not when combined with mass NPs. In English, the same generalization is found with non-generic NP restrictors. In §2.2 the generic NP restrictors found with the English most are analyzed as kind-referring DPs. Section 2.3 argues that the observed ban on mass NPs cannot be explained by Hackl’s (2009) superlative analysis, nor by Matthewson’s (2001) entity-restrictor most. We propose that (in the relevant languages) proportional most is to be analyzed as a distributive quantificational Determiner. We show that the observed ban on mass NPs correlates with a ban on collective quantification. Finally, we provide syntactic evidence for the hypothesis that in Romanian and English the proportional most sits in Spec,DP and D°, respectively. It thus appears that the quantificational-determiner semantics of most correlates with the highest syntactic level inside the DP.
Most in partitives
Authors: Dobrovie-Sorin Carmen , Giurgea Ion 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe explain why mostdist maintains in partitives the constraints it obeys in non-partitives, whereas the distribution of mostcum is larger in partitives, where quantification over parts of atoms is allowed (in addition to quantification over pluralities and mass entities). We then demonstrate the existence of two mosts that are specialized for partitives, mostRP and mostDP, which respectively take of-DPs (analyzed as Zamparelli’s RPs “residue phrases”) and of-less DPs as complements. The distinction between mostRP and mostDP allows us to formulate interesting crosslinguistic tendencies: whereas most preferentially takes RP complements, all shows a strong preference for DP complements. We take this as evidence in favor of the non-quantificational status of all, which we analyze (following Križ 2016) as a homogeneity remover. We finally argue that the peculiar superlative reading of partitive most observed by Kotek et al. (2011; 2015) does not constitute evidence in favor of a superlative analysis of majority most.
“Head in the Clouds”: The Clash between Territorial Sovereignty, Jurisdiction, and the Territorial Detachment of the Internet
Authors: Hörnle Julia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chapter 2 lays the theoretical foundations for the book and conceptualizes the notion of jurisdiction in different contexts, framing jurisdiction in relation to territoriality, sovereignty, and state authority. It clearly explains the different legal meanings of the term “jurisdiction” and how the term is used in law, political theory, and international relations. The chapter examines jurisdiction in four different areas of law: (1) public international law, (2) private international law, (3) the criminal justice system, and (4) regulatory jurisdiction. Furthermore, the chapter explains globalization as a background to the Jurisdictional Challenge and the challenge to state-made law. It summarizes the discussion on global law as a reaction to the Jurisdictional Challenge. Finally, the chapter juxtaposes sovereignty and territoriality and concludes with a discussion of extraterritorial jurisdiction and recent jurisprudence, particularly in the US.
Criminal Jurisdiction—Concurrent Jurisdiction, Sovereignty, and the Urgent Requirement for Coordination
Authors: Hörnle Julia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chapter 4 provides an incisive introduction to criminal jurisdiction and the internet, setting the scene for the chapters on jurisdiction of the criminal courts (Chapter 5) and investigative jurisdiction (Chapter 6). It explains the concurrency of criminal jurisdiction in international law and analyses the problems arising. In particular, there are two main conflicts of jurisdiction: first, the multiple, overlapping claims of jurisdiction between several states and the risk of multiple prosecutions for the same crime (or no prosecutions, as no state has sufficient evidence or motivation; second, jurisdictional overreach where conduct is lawful in one country, but a criminal offence in another country who wishes to prosecute, potentially causing jurisdictional overreach and spill-over effects. The chapter begins by setting out the grounds of jurisdiction under international law. An examination of the cross-border implications of cybercrime follows, distinguishing three discrete aspects of the cross-border nature of cybercrime and analysing the nature of jurisdictional conflicts under the lens of territoriality and connecting factors. It analyses how a better coordination of jurisdictional claims might be achieved under comity and reasonableness principles, and coordination under EU law, such as the Eurojust Guidelines and the EU Framework Decision. Finally, it critically analyses the ambit of double jeopardy and the ne bis in idem principles and their limited application. Conflicts of criminal jurisdiction, and the potential of multiple prosecutions of defendants for the same offence, call for greater international cooperation between states and coordination rules between different legal orders. However, the development of coordination rules in respect of national criminal jurisdiction is in its infancy.
Conflicts of Law and Internet Jurisdiction in the US
Authors: Hörnle Julia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chapter 9 focuses on conflicts of law and jurisdiction in internet cases before the US courts and contrasts the US approach with that found in EU states. It examines jurisdiction as emanating from the due process clause of the US Constitution and the relevant caselaw. It analyses jurisdictional due process and minimum contacts jurisprudence in general, the distinction between general and specific personal jurisdiction and the application of the jurisdictional principles to internet cases. It then continues by looking at specific doctrines and how they have evolved in respect of internet disputes, such as the effects doctrine, stream of commerce cases, and e-commerce contracts. The chapter analyses the doctrines tempering the assumption of jurisdiction and governing the interface with foreign law and, specifically forum non conveniens, comity, and reasonableness. Finally, it examines procedural jurisdiction in the context of adjudications and conflicts of law with regard to (civil litigation) evidence and draws conclusions from the subject matters examined.
Consumer Protection and Jurisdiction
Authors: Hörnle Julia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chapter 10 examines the validity and enforceability of forum selection (jurisdiction) and choice of law (applicable law) clauses in consumer contracts in the US and in the EU, comparing two differing approaches to finding a balance between business’ interests, transactional efficiency, and consumer protection in e-commerce. The chapter explains the US jurisprudence, which has established a presumption in favour of the validity of jurisdiction and choice of law clauses in the absence of fraud, undue influence, or overweening bargaining power (US Supreme Court in Bremen and Carnival Cruise Lines v Shute). It contrasts the contractual analysis in the US, which may hold certain forms of clauses in adhesion contracts unenforceable, depending on the applicable state law with the stricter public policy approach in the EU, which implements consumer protection law through its private international law rules in the Brussels I Regulation and the Rome I Regulation. It examines the EU rules with respect to the types of consumers and consumer contracts to which the protective jurisdictional rules apply. The chapter critically analyses the jurisprudence on jurisdiction in internet and e-commerce cases and incisively conceptualizes the legal approaches and latest developments on both sides of the Atlantic. This includes the directing/targeting line of cases after Pammer/Alpenhof in the EU.