bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coffee Leaves: An Upcoming Novel Food?
Authors: Stévigny Caroline , Van Antwerpen Pierre , Montis Andrea , Souard Florence , Delporte Cédric , Stoffelen Piet 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUnlike those of coffee beans, the healthy properties of coffee leaves have been overlooked for a long time, even if they are consumed as a beverage by local communities of several African countries. Due to the presence of xanthines, diterpenes, xanthones, and several other polyphenol derivatives as main secondary metabolites, coffee leaves might be useful to prevent many daily disorders. At the same time, as for all bioactive molecules, careless use of coffee leaf infusions may be unsafe due to their adverse effects, such as the excessive stimulant effects on the central nervous system or their interactions with other concomitantly administered drugs. Moreover, the presence of some toxic diterpene derivatives requires careful analytical controls on manufactured products made with coffee leaves. Accordingly, knowledge about the properties of coffee leaves needs to be increased to know if they might be considered a good source for producing new supplements. The purpose of
the present review is to highlight the biosynthesis, metabolism, and distribution of the 4 main classes of secondary metabolites present in coffee leaves, their main pharmacological and toxicological aspects, and their main roles in planta. Differences in coffee leaf chemical composition depending on the coffee species will also be carefully considered.
Suchtkrank in der Pandemie? – COVID-19 und
Abhängigkeitserkrankungen
Authors: Erbas Beate , Strauch Hannah 
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Es soll dargestellt werden, inwiefern sich das Konsumverhalten
insbesondere in Deutschland verändert hat und welche
Bevölkerungsgruppen von gesteigertem Konsum, erhöhtem
Infektionsrisiko und der Gefahr eines problematischeren Krankheitsverlaufs von
COVID-19 betroffen sind.
Methode Mittels Literaturrecherche wurden in den Datenbanken PubMed und
PubPsych zur Beantwortung der Fragestellungen geeignete Befragungen und
Experteneinschätzungen ausgewählt.
Ergebnisse Bei Alkohol und Tabak ist ein leichter Anstieg des
alltäglichen Gebrauchs zu beobachten, während der Konsum
illegaler Drogen in Europa etwas abnimmt. Insgesamt ist bei
Gelegenheitskonsumierenden eher ein Rückgang und bei Hochkonsumierenden
ein Anstieg des Konsums zu verzeichnen. Auch Medien- und Internetnutzungszeiten
nahmen bei Erwachsenen und Kindern während der Pandemie zu.
Ängste, Depressionen und Stress können zu einer Konsumsteigerung
führen. Bereits suchtkranke Menschen sind psychisch stark belastet und
weisen zeitgleich ein erhöhtes Risiko für eine
SARS-CoV-2-Infektion und einen schweren Krankheitsverlauf auf.
Schlussfolgerung Die vorgestellten Ergebnisse liefern hilfreiche Trends,
die zukünftig durch repräsentative Studien abgesichert werden
müssen. Der Schutz von Risikogruppen und speziell an die Pandemie
angepasste Präventionsmaßnahmen erscheinen notwendig.
Evolution and History of Osteoimmunology
Authors: Pietschmann Peter , Föger-Samwald Ursula , Butylina Maria , Sipos Wolfgang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis narrative review focuses on the evolution and history of osteoimmunology,
which is a research field that investigates the interactions between bone and
components of the immune system. Looking at the evolution of bone, bone
development dates back approximately 540 million years. Osteoimmune aspects can
also be found in different bone-related diseases like osteoporosis, which is a
frequent age-related disease and was first recognized in 1751. Moreover,
rheumatoid arthritis is known as the prototype of an osteoimmune disease, which
was first clinically described in 1800. A further important component of this
field are osteoclasts, a term that was coined by Kölliker in 1873. For
the treatment of osteoporosis different therapeutic options are available, among
which 2 antibodies (denosumab and romosozumab) were currently approved by the
European Medicines Agency in 2010 and 2019, respectively, thus showing the
importance of osteoimmunological research for patients’ sake.
Strength Training in Professional Soccer: Effects on Short-sprint and
Jump Performance
Authors: Nuñez Javier , Suarez-Arrones Luis , de Hoyo Moisés , Loturco Irineu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSeveral studies have confirmed the efficacy of strength training to maximize
soccer player performance during competition. The aim of this meta-analysis was
to determine the effects of different strength training protocols on
short-sprint and vertical jump performance of professional soccer players from
the first division of their countries. The following inclusion criteria were
employed for the analysis: (a) randomized studies; (b) high validity and
reliability instruments; (c) studies published in a high-quality peer-reviewed
journal; (d) studies involving professional soccer players from the first
division; (e) studies with descriptions of strength training programs; and (f)
studies where countermovement jump and 10-m sprint time were measured pre and
post training. Overall, the different strength-oriented training schemes
produced similar performance improvements, which seem not to depend on the
training strategy. Strength training appears to have a lower effect when applied
during in-season than when applied in pre-season periods in first division
soccer players. In this meta-analysis it is not possible to confirm that
strength training in isolation is capable of improving the short-sprint and jump
performance of elite soccer players. The congested fixture schedule and, thus,
the limited time to perform complementary (non-specific) training sessions, may
contribute to these reduced effects.
Impact of Catheter Choice on Procedural Success of Minimally Invasive Surfactant Therapy
Authors: Bhattacharya Soume , Read Brooke , Miller Michael , da Silva Orlando 
Published: September 2021

Objective Surfactant delivery via a thin endotracheal catheter during spontaneous breathing; a technique called minimally invasive surfactant therapy (MIST) is an alternative to intubation and surfactant administration. Procedural details among different centers vary, with marked differences in the choice of catheter to instill surfactant. Studies report use of feeding catheters, multiaccess suction catheters, vascular catheters, and more recently custom-built catheters for this purpose. The impact of choice of catheter on procedural success and procedural adverse effects has not been reported. Our present study compares the procedural success and adverse effects of MIST using a semirigid vascular catheter (16G Angiocath-Hobart Method) versus a flexible multiaccess catheter (MAC).
Study Design This was a retrospective review of prospectively collected data at a tertiary care neonatal intensive care unit in Southwestern Ontario. All neonates who received surfactant via MIST between May 1, 2016 and September 30, 2020 were included in the study. Relevant baseline characteristics and data on procedural details (premedication, type of catheter, etc.) were collected. The procedural success, number of attempts, and adverse effects between neonates who received MIST via MAC and 16G Angiocath was compared by using Chi-square test or Fisher's test as appropriate. A p-value of less that 0.05 was considered significant.
Results A total of 139 neonates received surfactant via MIST method during the study period. Moreover, 93 neonates received the surfactant via MAC, while 46 received it via Angiocath. The baseline demographic characteristics in the two group were similar. A higher proportion of neonates in Angiocath group received Atropine (100 vs. 76%, p = 0.002) and Fentanyl (98 vs. 36%, p < 0.001) than the MAC group.The procedural success was 91% in the Angiocath group and 89% in the MAC group (p > 0.99). Multiple attempts were needed in 24% of neonates in the Angiocath group and 37% in the MAC group (p = 0.158). More episodes of desaturations were noted in the Angiocath group (89%) than the MAC group (69%; p = 0.012). Other rates of common adverse effects were similar between the two groups. On exploratory analysis fentanyl use held significant association with less success, more desaturation, apneic episodes, and need of positive pressure ventilation /intubation.
Conclusion The overall procedural success of MIST is similar in both catheter groups. The proportion of neonates requiring multiple attempts was lower with the Angiocath, though difference was not statistically significant. Desaturation episodes were seen more frequently in the Angiocath group, which was related to higher use of procedural sedation in this group.
Key Points
Wind Noise Management in Hearing Aids
Authors: Korhonen Petri 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMany hearing aid users are negatively impacted by wind noise when spending time outdoors. Turbulent airflow around hearing aid microphones caused by the obstruction of wind can result in noise that is not only perceived as annoying but may also mask desirable sounds in the listening environment, such as speech. To mitigate the adverse effects of wind noise, hearing aid developers have introduced several technological solutions to reduce the amount of wind noise at the hearing aid output. Some solutions are based on mechanical modifications; more recently, sophisticated signal processing algorithms have also been introduced. By offering solutions to the wind noise problem, these signal processing algorithms can promote more optimal use of hearing aids during outdoor activities. This article reviews how wind noise is generated in hearing aids, outlines the technological challenges in wind noise management, and summarizes the technological solutions that have been proposed and/or implemented in modern hearing aids.
The Collaboration between Hearing Aid Users and Artificial Intelligence to Optimize Sound
Authors: Balling Laura Winther , Mølgaard Lasse Lohilahti , Townend Oliver , Nielsen Jens Brehm Bagger 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHearing aid gain and signal processing are based on assumptions about the average user in the average listening environment, but problems may arise when the individual hearing aid user differs from these assumptions in general or specific ways. This article describes how an artificial intelligence (AI) mechanism that operates continuously on input from the user may alleviate such problems by using a type of machine learning known as Bayesian optimization. The basic AI mechanism is described, and studies showing its effects both in the laboratory and in the field are summarized. A crucial fact about the use of this AI is that it generates large amounts of user data that serve as input for scientific understanding as well as for the development of hearing aids and hearing care. Analyses of users' listening environments based on these data show the distribution of activities and intentions in situations where hearing is challenging. Finally, this article demonstrates how further AI-based analyses of the data can drive development.
Endoscopic Keyhole Approach for Intracranial Epidermoid
Authors: Verma Pawan K. , Singh Amanjot , Dikshit Priyadarshi , Das Kuntal Kanti , Mehrotra Anant , Jaiswal Sushila , Behari Sanjay , Jaiswal Awadhesh K. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objective In contemporary neurosurgical practice, keyhole endoscopic approach has established its role in various neurosurgical pathologies. Intracranial epidermoid is an ideal pathology for endoscopic keyhole approach as epidermoid is well encapsulated, extra-axial, avascular, and easily suckable. The objective of this study is to share our experience of endoscopic keyhole approach for intracranial epidermoids at various locations as a new minimally invasive neurosurgical approach to deal with these lesions.

Materials and Methods We conducted a retrospective study on 26 patients who underwent keyhole pure endoscopic excision of intracranial epidermoid between July 2015 and December 2019. Patient's demographics, clinical features, radiological imaging, and postoperative complications were noted. Follow-up outcome of preoperative symptoms and postoperative complications were also analyzed.

Results The mean age of the study population was 30.5 years with a mean follow-up of 30 months. The common presenting features were headache, hearing loss, and trigeminal neuralgic pain. Gross total resection was achieved in 73.1% cases, while near total resection and subtotal resection were achieved in 19.2 and 7.7% cases, respectively. In the follow-up, maximal improvement was seen in trigeminal neuralgic pain (83%) and headache (66.7%). Major postoperative complications were facial nerve paresis, lower cranial nerve paresis, and transient facial hypoesthesia, most of which improved over time. None of the patients required resurgery till date.

Statistical Analysis Patients' data were analyzed using SPSS software version 23 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences, IBM, Chicago, United States).

Conclusion This study demonstrates that with careful patient selection, endoscopic keyhole excision of epidermoid is a good alternative to conventional microsurgical excision with comparable surgical and functional outcomes.
Management of Traumatic Soft Tissue Injuries of the Face
Authors: Cho Daniel Y. , Willborg Brooke E. , Lu G. Nina 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFacial soft tissue injuries encompass a broad spectrum of presentations and often present significant challenges to the craniofacial surgeon. A thorough and systematic approach to these patients is critical to ensure that the patient is stabilized, other injuries identified, and the full extent of the injuries are assessed. Initial management focuses on wound cleaning with irrigation, hemostasis, and debridement of nonviable tissue. Definitive management is dependent on the region of the face involved with special considerations for critical structures such as the globe, lacrimal apparatus, facial nerve, and parotid duct. Following sound surgical principles, these injuries can be managed to maximize both functional and aesthetic outcomes while minimizing complications.
Beyond the hockey stick: Climate lessons from the Common Era
Authors: Mann Michael E. 
Published: September 2021

Significance
I review the significant developments, current challenges, and prospective future directions in the subfield of paleoclimatology of the Common Era since the publication of the now iconic “hockey stick” curve by the author and collaborators more than two decades ago, with a focus on how paleoclimate information can inform our understanding of the impact of human-caused climate change.
A 6.5 nm thick anti-ferroelectric HfAlO
x
film for energy storage devices with a high density of 63.7 J cm−3
Authors: Zhou Jiuren , Kang Yuye , Wang Xinke , Zhou Zuopu , Ni Haotian , Jiao Leming , Zheng Zijie , Gong Xiao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this work, we experimentally demonstrate comprehensively optimized anti-ferroelectric HfAlO
x
films, achieving high saturated polarization charge density and doping concentration in doped-HfO2 films. This allowed us to produce an ultrathin anti-ferroelectric energy storage device with high energy storage density (ESD). With the optimized deposition temperature of 300 °C, Hf:Al ratio of 18:1 and an electrode of tungsten, a 6.5 nm thick anti-ferroelectric HfAlO
x
film is realized with a high ESD of 63.7 J cm−3, which is the thinnest anti-ferroelectric film among all the reported works, associated with such a high ESD. This not only provides an effective way to improve the scaling ability of anti-ferroelectric HfAlO
x
films, but also demonstrates a new approach to strengthen the control of the phase transition.
Combining cosmological and local bounds on bimetric theory
Authors: Caravano Angelo , Lüben Marvin , Weller Jochen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Ghost-free bimetric theory describes two nonlinearly interacting spin-2 fields, one massive and one massless, thus extending general relativity.
We confront bimetric theory with observations of Supernovae type 1a, Baryon Acoustic Oscillations and the Cosmic Microwave Background in a statistical analysis, utilising the recently proposed physical parametrisation.
This directly constrains the physical parameters of the theory, such as the mass of the spin-2 field and its coupling to matter.
We find that all models under consideration are in agreement with the data.
Next, we compare these results to bounds from local tests of gravity.
Our analysis reveals that all two- and three parameter models are observationally consistent with both cosmological and local tests of gravity.
The minimal bimetric model (only β1) is ruled out by our combined analysis.
Advances in the long-pulse steady-state high beta H-mode scenario with active controls of divertor heat and particle fluxes in EAST
Authors: Wan B.N. , Gong X.Z. , Liang Y. , Xiang N. , Xu G.S. , Sun Y. , Wang L. , Qian J.P. , Liu H.Q. , Zhang B. , Xia T.Y. , Huang J. , Ding R. , Zhang T. , Zuo G.Z. , Sun Z. , Zeng L. , Zhang X.J. , Zang Q. , Lyu B. , Garofalo A.M. , Li G.Q. , Li K.D. , Yang Q.Q. , for the EAST Team and Collaborators  
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Since the last IAEA-Fusion Energy Conference, the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) research program has been, in support of ITER and CFETR, focused on development in terms of the long-pulse steady-state (fully noninductive) high beta H-mode scenario with active controls of the stationary and transient divertor heat and particle fluxes. The operational domain of the steady-state H-mode plasma scenario has been significantly extended with ITER-like tungsten mono-block divertor, plasma control and heating schemes. EAST has achieved several important milestones in the development of high β
p H-mode scenario and its key physics and technologies. A 60 s-scale long-pulse steady-state high β
p H-mode discharge with the major normalized plasma parameters similar to the designed performance of the CFETR 1 GW fusion power operation scenario has been successfully established and sustained by pure RF heating and current drive. Several feedback control schemes have been developed for a sustained detachment with good core confinement. This includes control of the total radiation power, target electron temperature, and particle flux measured using divertor Langmuir probes or a combination of the control of target electron temperature and AXUV radiation near the X point. The detachment feedback control schemes have been integrated with small-ELM regimes and high β
p scenario via neon seeding, enabling a core and edge compatible integrated high-beta scenario applicable to long-pulse operations. ELM suppression has been achieved using various methods, including resonant magnetic perturbations and impurity seeding. Full suppression of ELMs by using n = 4 RMPs has been demonstrated for ITER for the first time in low input torque plasmas in EAST. EAST has been operated with helium to support the ITER research requirements for the first time. For a long-pulse, high bootstrap current fraction operation, a new lower tungsten divertor with active water-cooling has been installed, along with improvements in the heating and current drive capability.
Marmot mass gain rates relate to their group’s social structure
Authors: Philson Conner S , Todorov Sophia M , Blumstein Daniel T 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMass gain is an important fitness correlate for survival in highly seasonal species. Although many physiological, genetic, life history, and environmental factors can influence mass gain, more recent work suggests the specific nature of an individual’s own social relationships also influences mass gain. However, less is known about consequences of social structure for individuals. We studied the association between social structure, quantified via social network analysis, and annual mass gain in yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventer). Social networks were constructed from 31 738 social interactions between 671 individuals in 125 social groups from 2002 to 2018. Using a refined dataset of 1022 observations across 587 individuals in 81 social groups, we fitted linear mixed models to analyze the relationship between attributes of social structure and individual mass gain. We found that individuals residing in more connected and unbreakable social groups tended to gain proportionally less mass. However, these results were largely age-dependent. Adults, who form the core of marmot social groups, residing in more spread apart networks had greater mass gain than those in tighter networks. Yearlings, involved in a majority of social interactions, and those who resided in socially homogeneous and stable groups had greater mass gain. These results show how the structure of the social group an individual resides in may have consequences for a key fitness correlate. But, importantly, this relationship was age-dependent.
Authenticated Tree-Based R-LWE Group Key Exchange
Authors: Hougaard Hector , Miyaji Atsuko 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe present the first constant round, multicast, authenticated tree-based R-LWE group key exchange protocol with logarithmic communication and memory complexity. Our protocol achieves post-quantum security through a reduction to a Diffie–Hellman-like analogue to the decisional R-LWE problem. We also present a sequential version with constant memory complexity but a logarithmic number of rounds and communication complexity.
Technical feasibility of leadless left bundle branch area pacing for cardiac resynchronization: a case series
Authors: Elliott Mark K , Jacon Peggy , Sidhu Baldeep Singh , Smith Lucy Jarrett , Mehta Vishal S , Gould Justin , Lee Angela W C , Niederer Steven , Defaye Pascal , Rinaldi Christopher A 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) is a novel form of conduction system pacing which can reverse left bundle branch block and deliver cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). The WiSE-CRT system delivers leadless endocardial pacing with symptomatic and left ventricular (LV) remodelling improvements following intervention. We report the technical feasibility of delivering leadless LBBAP using the WiSE-CRT system.

Case summary
In Case 1, a 57-year-old male with ischaemic cardiomyopathy and complete heart block underwent implantation of the WiSE-CRT system, using a retrograde transaortic approach, after failed conventional CRT. Temporary left bundle stimulation from the LV septum achieved superior electrical resynchronization and equivalent haemodynamic response compared to endocardial pacing at the lateral LV wall. In Case 2, an 82-year-old gentleman with tachyarrhythmia-induced cardiomyopathy underwent WiSE-CRT implantation via a trans-septal inter-atrial approach, with the endocardial electrode successfully deployed in the LV septum.

Discussion
Here we report the first case of deployment of the WiSE-CRT endocardial electrode in the LV septum and demonstrate the technical feasibility of leadless LBBAP. Entirely leadless CRT is an attractive option for patients with venous access issues or recurrent lead complications and has previously been successful using the WiSE-CRT system and a leadless pacemaker in the right ventricle. Further studies are required to assess long-term efficacy and safety of leadless LBBAP.