bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pterostilbene suppresses oxidative stress and allergic airway inflammation through AMPK/Sirt1 and Nrf2/HO‐1 pathways
Authors: Xu Chang , Song Yilan , Wang Zhiguang , Jiang Jingzhi , Piao Yihua , Li Li , Jin Shan , Li Liangchang , Zhu Lianhua , Yan Guanghai 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionPterostilbene (Pts) may be used for allergic asthma treatment. The AMPK/Sirt1 and Nrf2/HO‐1 pathways are potential targets for asthma treatement. However, the relationship between Pts and AMPK/Sirt1 and Nrf2/HO‐1 pathways in asthma is unclear. Herein, we aim to explore the pharmacological effects of Pts on oxidative stress and allergic inflammatory response as well as the mechanism involving AMPK/Sirt1 and Nrf2/HO‐1 pathways.MethodsAsthma model was established in mice with ovalbumin (OVA). The model mice were treated by different concentrations of Pts. Lung pathological changes were observed through histological staining. In vitro, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated 16HBE cells were treated with Pts. The siAMPKα2, siSirt1 and siNrf2 knockdown, and treatment with compound C, EX‐527 or ML385 were also performed in 16HBE cells. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect interleukin‐4 (IL‐4), IL‐13, IL‐5, total and OVA specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), and interferon γ (IFN‐γ). Pneumonography was used to measure the airway hyperreactivity (AHR). Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were also detected. Immunohistochemistry, Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to measure protein levels.ResultsPts significantly attenuated lung inflammatory cell infiltration and goblet cell proliferation. Meanwhile, Pts treatment could reduce IL‐4, IL‐13, IL‐5, and IgE (total and OVA specific) levels in the asthma model mice. However, IFN‐γ in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was elevated. In addition, Pts reduced AHR. We also found that Pts treatment promoted serum SOD and CAT, and reduced MDA. In vitro results showed that Pts treatment promoted iNOS, TNF‐α, COX‐2, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 expressions in 16HBE cells, prolonged G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle, and resulted in a shortened G2M phase. Moreover, we found that Pts promoted the phosphorylation of AMPK in 16HBE, and meanwhile inhibited the increase of ROS induced by LPS. Additionally, Pts treatment inhibited p‐AMPK, Sirt1, Nrf2 and HO‐1, which in turn leads to the alleviation of AMPK/Sirt1 and Nrf2/HO‐1 pathways.ConclusionPts alleviated oxidative stress and allergic airway inflammation via regulation of AMPK/Sirt1and Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling pathways.
Commodity prices and inflation risk
Authors: Garratt Anthony , Petrella Ivan 
Published: August 2021

SummaryThis paper investigates the role of commodity price information when evaluating inflation risk. Using a model averaging approach, we provide strong evidence of in‐sample and out‐of‐sample predictive ability from commodity prices and convenience yields to inflation, establishing clear point and density forecast performance gains when incorporating disaggregated commodities price information. The resulting forecast densities are used to calculate the (ex‐ante) risk of inflation breaching defined thresholds that broadly characterize periods of high and low inflation. We find that information in commodity prices significantly enhances our ability to pick out tail inflation events and to characterize the level of risks associated with periods of high volatility in commodity prices.
The deposits channel revisited
Authors: Schaffer Matthew , Segev Nimrod 
Published: August 2021

SummaryDrechsler et al. (2017) present a novel reformulation of the bank lending channel of monetary transmission based on market power in local deposits markets, which they term the deposits channel. In this paper, we first perform a successful narrow replication of their key empirical results. We then revisit their results on lending in two ways. First, recent studies have pointed out the unique dynamics of credit card loans in Community Reinvestment Act loan origination data. When accounting for this heterogeneity, we find key results are sensitive to the inclusion of credit card banks that raise funds outside of local deposit markets. Second, we show that inconsistencies with related empirical studies can be explained by differences in market power measure, sample period, and the inclusion of alternative control variables. The results highlight that market power on opposing sides of bank balance sheets can impact monetary transmission through alternative channels. Overall, this paper suggests the mechanisms underlying the response of lending to monetary policy remains an important open question.
Aggregate consumption and wealth in the long run: The impact of financial liberalization
Authors: Gardberg Malin , Pozzi Lorenzo 
Published: August 2021

SummaryThis paper investigates the impact of financial liberalization on the relationship between consumption and total wealth (i.e., the sum of asset wealth and human wealth). Financial liberalization is persistent and may signal changes in expected future consumption growth rates and/or in rates of return on wealth that, through the intertemporal budget constraint, affect the current consumption–wealth ratio. We estimate the long‐run relationship between consumption, total wealth, and financial liberalization by state space methods using quarterly US data. The results show that the trend in the consumption–wealth ratio is well‐captured by our baseline liberalization indicator. We find that the increase in this indicator over the sample period has increased the consumption–wealth ratio with about 10%. Investigating the responsible channel, additional estimates show that financial liberalization has predictive power for aggregate consumption growth rather than for returns, a result that supports an incomplete markets interpretation of the link between liberalization and the consumption–wealth ratio.
Novel factor VII gene mutations in six families with hereditary coagulation factor VII deficiency
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Wang Shuwen , Leng Shaoqiu , Feng Qi , Zhang Yanqi , Xu Shuqian , Zhang Lei , Zhang Xinsheng , Fang Yunhai , Peng Jun , Sheng Zi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionHereditary human coagulation factor VII (FVII) deficiency is an inherited autosomal recessive hemorrhagic disease involving mutations in the F7 gene. The sites and types of F7 mutations may influence the coagulation activities of plasma FVII (FVII: C) and severity of hemorrhage symptoms. However, the specific mutations that impact FVII activity are not completely known.MethodsWe tested the coagulation functions and plasma activities of FVII in seven patients recruited from six families with hereditary FVII deficiency and sequenced the F7 gene of the patients and their families. Then, we analyzed the genetic information from the six families and predicted the structures of the mutated proteins.ResultsIn this study, we detected 11 F7 mutations, including four novel mutations, in which the mutations p.Phe84Ser and p.Gly156Cys encoded the Gla and EGF domains of FVII, respectively, while the mutation p.Ser339Leu encoded the recognition site of the enzymatic protein and maintained the conformation of the catalytic domain structure. Meanwhile, the mutation in the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) was closely associated with the mRNA regulatory sequence.ConclusionWe have identified novel genetic mutations and performed pedigree analysis that shed light on the pathogenesis of hereditary human coagulation FVII deficiency and may contribute to the development of treatments for this disease.
Reference interval and the role of plasma oligomeric beta amyloid in screening of risk groups for cognitive dysfunction at health checkups
Authors: Nah Eun‐Hee , Cho Seon , Park Hyeran , Noh Dongwon , Hwang Inhwan , Cho Han‐Ik 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) has a prolonged preclinical stage characterized by cognitive dysfunction. Simple, reliable, and noninvasive biomarkers reflecting the pathogenesis of AD are needed for screening cognitive dysfunction in primary health care. The aims of this study were to determine (1) the potential utility of the Multimer Detection System‐Oligomeric Amyloid‐β (MDS‐OAβ) value in cognitive assessments and (2) the reference interval (RI) of plasma MDS‐OAβ values in the general population.MethodsThis prospective study consecutively recruited 1,594 participants who underwent health checkups including cognitive function examination at 16 health‐promotion centers in Korea between December 2020 and January 2021. The inBloodTM OAβ test (PeopleBio, Gyeonggi‐do, Republic of Korea) was utilized to quantify MDS‐OAβ values in plasma. The reference subjects were obtained among those with normal general cognition on cognitive screening tools. RIs were established according to the CLSI C28‐A3 guidelines.ResultsThe median MDS‐OAβ value was higher in subjects with Korean Dementia Screening Questionnaire‐Cognition (KDSQ‐C) scores ≥8 than in those with KDSQ‐C scores of 6–7 (P = 0.013). The median MDS‐OAβ value was higher in subjects with Mini‐Mental State Examination for Dementia Screening (MMSE‐DS) scores of 21–26 than in those with MMSE‐DS scores ≥27 (P = 0.011). The RI (one‐side upper 95th percentile) of the MDS‐OAβ value was 0.80 ng/mL (95% confidence interval = 0.78–0.82) in those aged ≥50 years.ConclusionsThe plasma MDS‐OAβ value reflects cognitive function as assessed using the KDSQ‐C and MMSE‐DS. RIs obtained from a large and cognitively healthy community‐based sample are presented.
Copy number variation characterization and possible candidate genes in miscarriage and stillbirth by next‐generation sequencing analysis
Authors: Zhang Xia , Huang Qingyan , Yu Zhikang , Wu Heming 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aimed to explore the etiological relationship between miscarriage and stillbirth and copy number variations (CNVs), as well as provide useful genetic guidance for high‐risk pregnancy.MethodsIn total, 659 fetal samples were recruited and subjected to DNA extraction and CNV sequencing (CNV‐seq), relevant medical records were collected.ResultsThere were 322 cases (48.86%) with chromosomal abnormalities, including 230 with numerical abnormalities and 92 with structural abnormalities. Chromosomal monosomy variations mainly occurred on sex chromosomes and trisomy variations mainly occurred on chromosomes 16, 22, 21, 18, 13 and 15. In total, 41 pathogenic CNVs (23 microdeletions and 18 microduplications) were detected in 27 fetal tissues. The rates of numerical chromosomal abnormalities were 29.30% (109/372), 32.39% (57/176) and 57.66% (64/111) in < 30‐year‐old, 30–34‐year‐old and ≥ 35‐year‐old age pregnant women, respectively, and increased with an increasing age (p < 0.001). There was statistically significant difference (χ2 = 7.595, p = 0.022) in the rates of structural chromosomal abnormalities in these groups (13.71%, 18.75% and 7.21%, respectively). The rates of numerical chromosomal abnormalities were 45.44% (219/482), 7.80% (11/141) and 0% (0/36) in the ≤ 13 gestational weeks, 14–27 weeks and ≥ 28 weeks groups, respectively, and decreased with respect to the increasing gestational age of the fetuses (p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe present study has obtained useful and accurate genetic etiology information that will provide useful genetic guidance for high‐risk pregnancies.
LINC00852 is associated with poor prognosis in non‐small cell lung cancer patients and its inhibition suppresses cancer cell proliferation and chemoresistance via the hsa‐miR‐145‐5p/KLF4 axis
Authors: Tuo Zineng , Liang Li , Zhou Rongmei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundEmerging evidence shows that long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in human cancer. In the present study, we examined the expression, prognostic implications and functional roles of a lncRNA, LINC00852 in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsLINC00852 expression was examined by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) in both NSCLC clinical samples and in vitro NSCLC cell lines. In patients with NSCLC, postoperative overall survival was estimated according to endogenous LINC00852 expression in their cancerous lung tissues. In NSCLC cell line SW900 and H441 cells, LINC00852 was down‐regulated to examine its effects on cancer proliferation, cisplatin chemoresistance and cell‐cycle transition in vitro, as well as tumorigenicity in vivo. The potential downstream target of LINC00852, the axis of human microRNA‐145‐5p (hsa‐miR‐145‐5p) and Kruppel‐like factor 4 (KLF4) gene, was investigated in NSCLC, by dual‐luciferase assay, qRT‐PCR and genetic knockdown functional assays.ResultsLINC00852 is up‐regulated in both NSCLC tumors and NSCLC cell lines. High LINC00852 expression was significantly correlated with NSCLC patients' short overall survival. In NSCLC cell lines, LINC00852 down‐regulation had anti‐cancer effects by suppressing cancer cell proliferation, cisplatin chemoresistance and cell‐cycle transition in vitro, as well as explant growth in vivo. Moreover, the hsa‐miR‐145‐5p/KLF4 axis was demonstrated to be directly regulated by LINC00852 in NSCLC. Inhibiting hsa‐miR‐145‐5p or overexpressing KLF4 could reverse the LINC00852‐down‐regulation‐induced anti‐cancer effects on NSCLC cancer cell proliferation and chemoresistance.ConclusionsLINC00852 may be a prognostic biomarker for NSCLC. The epigenetic signaling pathway of LINC00852/hsa‐miR‐145‐5p/KLF4 may be considered as a novel molecular target for fighting NSCLC.
The imbalance of Th17/Treg via STAT3 activation modulates cognitive impairment inP. gingivalis LPS-induced periodontitis mice
Authors: Zhang Xu , Zhang Xuan , Qiu Che , Shen Hui , Zhang Huanyu , He Zhiyan , Song Zhongchen , Zhou Wei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPeriodontitis is one of the most common oral diseases worldwide, and it is associated with various systemic diseases, including cognitive diseases. STAT3 regulates the inflammatory cascade and influences adaptive immunity by modulating Th17/Treg cell differentiation. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of adaptive immunity inside and outside the brain on the association between periodontitis and cognitive impairment and understand the role of the STAT3 signaling pathway. We established Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS-induced periodontitis mice models by injecting P. gingivalis LPS into the gingival sulcus of mice. Behavioral tests showed that learning and memory abilities were impaired. The flow cytometry data showed an imbalance in the Th17/Treg ratio in the blood and brain samples of the mice. The expression of Th17-related cytokines (IL-1β, IL-17A, IL-21, and IL-22) increased, whereas that of Treg-related cytokines (IL-2 and IL-10) decreased in both the blood and the brain. The level of LPS increased and the STAT3 signaling pathway was activated during this process. These effects were reversed by C188-9, a STAT3 inhibitor. In conclusion, P. gingivalis LPS-induced periodontitis may promote the occurrence and progression of cognitive impairment by modulating the Th17/Treg balance inside and outside the brain. The STAT3 signaling pathway may have immunoregulatory effects on the mouth-to-brain axis.
Duplex Ultrasound Screening for Deep and Superficial Vein Thrombosis in COVID‐19 Patients
Authors: Tung‐Chen Yale , Calderón Ruth , Marcelo Cristina , Deodati Francesco , Mateos María , Castellano Aranzazu , Álvarez Beatriz , Marco Javier , Ordieres Lucía 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundThere is growing evidence regarding the venous thromboembolic (VTE) pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Several studies have reported varying incidences of this disease.ObjectivesThe main purpose of this study was to determine the real incidence of deep or superficial vein thrombosis in COVID‐19. The study also aimed to identify risk and protective factors for VTE.MethodsPatients were consecutively enrolled and assessed with a bilateral Duplex ultrasonography of lower limbs during hospitalization. The exam was repeated weekly until discharge, and then follow‐up for 1 month.ResultsTwo‐hundred and thirty‐three patients were enrolled. Mean age was 54.4 years (SD 12.7) and 47.8% were female. About 127 patients (54.5%) had comorbidities. At enrollment, patients were normotensive and had normal saturation (95.6%—SD 1.6, with a respiratory rate of 19.1 rpm—SD 4.0), with 130 needing at least supplementary oxygen therapy (55.8%). About 147 patients (63.1%) had at least 1 Duplex ultrasonography study performed and 1.7% had 5 or more studies. One patient had a distal posterior tibial vein thrombosis, which showed signs of chronicity and was congruent with the patient history. Therefore, the incidence of thrombotic events was nearly zero.DiscussionOur study results suggest that performing a Duplex Ultrasonography screening protocol in stable COVID‐19 patient populations, who may need hospitalization but are without symptoms of vein thrombosis, is not founded. We presumably emphasize the advantage of using intermediate LMWH doses as well as early walking in COVID‐19 patients.
Image Transmission Through a Dynamically Perturbed Multimode Fiber by Deep Learning
Authors: Resisi Shachar , Popoff Sebastien M. , Bromberg Yaron 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhen multimode optical fibers are perturbed, the data that is transmitted through them is scrambled. This presents a major difficulty for many possible applications, such as multimode fiber based telecommunication and endoscopy. To overcome this challenge, a deep learning approach that generalizes over mechanical perturbations is presented. Using this approach, successful reconstruction of the input images from intensity‐only measurements of speckle patterns at the output of a 1.5 m‐long randomly perturbed multimode fiber is demonstrated. The model's success is explained by hidden correlations in the speckle of random fiber conformations.
Random Sturm–Liouville operators with point interactions
Authors: del Rio Rafael , Franco Asaf L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe study invariance for eigenvalues of selfadjoint Sturm–Liouville operators with local point interactions. Such linear transformations are formally defined by
or similar expressions with instead of δ. In a probabilistic setting, we show that a point is either an eigenvalue for all ω or only for a set of ω's of measure zero. Using classical oscillation theory it is possible to decide whether the second situation happens. The operators do not need to be measurable or ergodic. This generalizes the well known fact that for ergodic operators a point is eigenvalue with probability zero.
Congenital cataract: An ocular manifestation of classical homocystinuria
Authors: Saba Neelam , Irshad Saba 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundHomocystinuria is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder occurring due to the defects in cystathionine‐β‐synthase enzyme. The study was carried out to investigate a Pakistani family presenting bilateral congenital cataract with symptoms of classical homocystinuria at LRBT Free Eye Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan.MethodsThree affected individuals of the family presented skeletal deformations, intellectual disability, speech delay, and myopia with bilateral congenital cataract. Genetic analysis on DNA samples from affected individuals was done through whole exome sequencing to identify underlying genetic variant causing disease phenotypes in the family. In silico analysis was done to predict the effect of variation on the structure of mutant protein.ResultsA missense allelic variant (NM_000071.3: c.253G>A) of the CBS gene was revealed which may affect the catalytic activity of the substituted (NP_000062.1: p.G85R) protein by disrupting the folding of the enzymatic protein. High levels of homocysteine were observed in the plasma of affected individuals. This is the first report of this genetic variant from Pakistan causing homocystinuria and congenital cataract in association.ConclusionThis variant was reported first time in association with congenital cataract instead of ectopia lentis. Congenital cataract was developed secondarily in these patients and provided a clue for the early diagnosis of metabolic disorders like homocystinuria to prevent further complications and morbidity.
Ambit‐SLN: an Open Source Software Library for Processing of Chemical Objects via SLN Linear Notation
Authors: Kochev Nikolay , Jeliazkova Nina , Tancheva Gergana 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSLN (SYBYL Line Notation) is the most comprehensive and rich linear notation for representation of chemical objects of various kinds facilitating a wide range of cheminformatics algorithms. Though, it is not the most popular linear notation nowadays, SLN has capabilities for supporting the most challenging tasks of the present day cheminformatics research. We present Ambit‐SLN, a new software library for cheminformatics processing of chemical objects via linear notation SLN. Ambit‐SLN is developed as a part of the cheminformatics platform AMBIT. It is an open‐source tool, distributed under LGPL license, written in Java and based on the Chemistry Development Kit. Ambit‐SLN includes a parser for the full SLN syntax of chemical structures and substructure search queries including support for macro and Markush atoms, global and local dictionaries and user defined properties which can be stored and used by the Ambit data model. The Ambit‐SLN library includes functionalities for substructure matching based on SLN query strings and utilities for conversion of SLN objects to other chemical formats such as SMILES and SMARTS. The functionality for Markush atom expansion can be used for generation of combinatorial structure sets.
Green Tea Suppresses Amyloid β Levels and Alleviates Cognitive Impairment by Inhibiting APP Cleavage and Preventing Neurotoxicity in 5XFAD Mice
Authors: Kan Zhipeng , Wang Yijun , Chen Qian , Tang Xiaoyu , Thompson Henry J. , Huang Jinbao , Zhang Jinsong , Gao Feng , Shen Yong , Wan Xiaochun 
Published: August 2021

ScopeThe consumption of green tea is considered to be associated with a lower incidence of neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, it is investigated the role of amyloid precursor protein cleavage, glial cell activation, neuroinflammation, and synaptic alterations in the protective effects of green tea against the amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation and cognitive impairment.Methods and Results5XFAD mice are treated with green tea extract (GTE) for 8 or 16 weeks. Barnes maze and Y maze testing demonstrated that spatial learning and memory ability are markedly improved by GTE treatment. Immunofluorescence staining, ELISA, and western blot showed GTE significantly alleviate the formation of Aβ and reduce the levels of sAPPβ and C99, as well as sAPPα and C83. Meanwhile, GTE suppressed GFAP and Iba1 levels in the glial cells, increased PSD95 and synaptophysin levels in synaptic cells. Further, the IL‐1β level is decreased, RNA sequencing reveals the genes annotated in response to stimulus and immune response are regulated.ConclusionOur findings indicate GTE suppresses Aβ levels and alleviate cognitive impairment in 5XFAD mice. These beneficial effects are accompanied by inhibition of APP cleavage pathways, suppression of glial cell activation and pro‐inflammatory responses, and a reduction of synapse loss.