bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening for Depression in Younger Breast Cancer Survivors: Outcomes From Use of the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire
Authors: Ganz Patricia A , Bower Julienne E , Partridge Ann H , Wolff Antonio C , Thorner Elissa D , Joffe Hadine , Irwin Michael R , Petersen Laura , Crespi Catherine M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Major cancer organizations recommend depression screening in patients and survivors. The 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) is often suggested, with limited information about its use.

Methods
Enrollment data collected from younger breast cancer survivors participating in a behavioral intervention trial were used to examine the relationship between PHQ-9 scores (range = 0-27), patient characteristics, and responses to standardized psychosocial assessment tools. Major depressive disorder criterion was met if responses to the first 2 PHQ-9 items (range = 0-6) were 3 or greater. The sample was categorized by total PHQ-9 scores: less than 5 (minimal depressive symptoms), 5-9 (mild to moderate depressive symptoms), and 10 or greater (moderate to severe depression). PHQ-9 category associations with medical, demographic, psychosocial, and behavioral characteristics were examined using analysis of variance for continuous variables and χ2 tests for categorical variables.

Results
A total of 231 women met the study prescreening eligibility criterion of mild depressive symptoms and enrolled in the study. On average, they were 45.2 years old and 2.6 years since diagnosis. At enrollment, 22.1% met the screening criterion for possible major depressive disorder; among those with PHQ-9 scores of 10 or greater, 58.3% met this criterion. Anxiety, fatigue, insomnia, and intrusive thoughts about cancer were frequent and were associated with depressive symptom severity (all P &lt; .001). In contrast, neither demographic nor cancer treatment characteristics were associated with depressive symptoms.

Conclusions
Depressive symptoms in this selected sample of younger breast cancer survivors were independent of demographic characteristics or cancer treatment history, suggesting that depression screening is necessary to detect uncontrolled depressive symptoms.
Insulinotropic and antidiabetic properties of Eucalyptus citriodora leaves and isolation of bioactive phytomolecules
Authors: Ansari Prawej , Flatt Peter R , Harriott Patrick , Abdel-Wahab Yasser H A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to delineate the mechanisms of action of the plant Eucalyptus citriodora used traditionally for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Methods
Insulin secretion and signal transduction were measured using clonal pancreatic β-cells and mouse islets. Glucose uptake was assessed using 3T3-L1 adipocytes and in vitro systems assessed additional glucose-lowering actions. High-fat-fed (HFF) obese rats were used for in vivo evaluation and phytoconstituents were identified by RP-HPLC followed by LC-MS.

Key findings
Eucalyptus citriodora stimulated 1.2–4.6-fold insulin release that was inhibited by the Ca2+-channel blocker, verapamil, KATP-channel opener, diazoxide and Ca2+ free conditions. The effect was potentiated by IBMX and preserved in presence of tolbutamide or 30 mM KCl. The action mechanism involved membrane depolarization and elevation of intracellular Ca2+. Eucalyptus citriodora also significantly increased glucose uptake by 3T3-L1 cells and inhibited digestion of starch, glucose absorption, DPP-IV enzyme and glycation of protein. Administration of E. citriodora (250 mg/5 ml/kg) for 9 days to HFF obese-diabetic rats improved glycaemic control and β-cell function. The isolated phytoconstituents responsible for the β-cell actions included quercitrin, isoquercitrin and rhodomyrtosone E.

Conclusions
Eucalyptus citriodora improves glycaemic control via multiple mechanisms. Further studies are required to assess the utility of the plant or active constituents in the therapy of type 2 diabetes.
A comparative study of high-dose-rate brachytherapy boost combined with external beam radiation therapy versus external beam radiation therapy alone for high-risk prostate cancer
Authors: Oshikane Tomoya , Kaidu Motoki , Abe Eisuke , Ohta Atsushi , Saito Hirotake , Nakano Toshimichi , Honda Moe , Tanabe Satoshi , Utsunomiya Satoru , Sasamoto Ryuta , Ishizaki Fumio , Kasahara Takashi , Nishiyama Tsutomu , Tomita Yoshihiko , Aoyama Hidefumi , Ishikawa Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We aimed to compare the outcomes of high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) boost and external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) alone for high-risk prostate cancer. This was a single-center, retrospective and observational study. Consecutive patients who underwent initial radical treatment by HDR-BT boost or EBRT alone from June 2009 to May 2016 at the Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Japan were included. A total of 96 patients underwent HDR-BT boost, and 61 underwent EBRT alone. The prescription dose of HDR-BT boost was set to 18 Gy twice a day with EBRT 39 Gy/13 fractions. The dose for EBRT alone was mostly 70 Gy/28 fractions. The high-risk group received &gt;6 months of prior androgen deprivation therapy. Overall survival, biochemical-free survival, local control and distant metastasis-free survival rates at 5 years were analyzed. The incidence of urological and gastrointestinal late adverse events of Grade 2 and above was also summarized. In the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) high-risk calssification, HDR-BT boost had a significantly higher biochemical-free survival rate at 5 years (98.9% versus 90.7%, P = 0.04). Urethral strictures were more common in the HDR-BT boost group. We will continuously observe the progress of the study patients and determine the longer term results.
Forced Migration and the Quest for Normality: Post-Migratory Experiences of Traumatized Iraqi Refugees in Norway
Authors: Sarpong Sarah P , Opaas Marianne 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The study investigates how a clinical sample of Iraqi refugee men speak about their lives in Norway, specifically on their experiences related to factors known to be influential in the restoration of normality in exile. Using thematic analysis (TA), the major themes extracted in this study relate to employment, finances and social support. These themes were all found to be influential in the lives of the participants, encouraging a sense of normality when in place. Drawing from Conservation of resources theory and The resource-based model of refugee adaptation, the key-findings suggest that (1) access to resources are regulated by social and political conditions and that (2) resource spirals perpetuate positive and negative cycles in the lives of the participants. We also engage in discussions on social inequality, discuss implications of the findings for service providers, and finally we make suggestions for future research.
Functional testicular torsion secondary to an incarcerated inguinal hernia in a 4-month old: complete recovery at 18-hours
Authors: Taylor Gregory M , Strachan Christian C 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
One of the most common urological emergencies encountered in pediatric patients in the emergency department (ED) is the acute scrotum. We present the case of a 4-month-old male that presented to our community ED with scrotal swelling and vomiting of 16-hours duration. He was diagnosed with a functional testicular torsion from an incarcerated inguinal hernia, transferred to a hospital with pediatric urological capabilities and was taken to the operating room ~2 hours later. His hospital course was unremarkable, and he was discharged on day 3, having made a full recovery without any loss of bowel or testicle. There have only been a handful of cases in the literature of a pediatric patient presenting with a functional testicular torsion as a result of spermatic cord compression from an indirect inguinal hernia, with no reported cases of complete salvage at nearly 18 hours since symptom onset.
A case of a retained chest drain
Authors: Waqanivavalagi Steve W F R , Chaudhuri Krish 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Retention of an intercostal drain segment is an uncommon and infrequently reported complication of underwater seal drain use. We report the case of a 66-year-old New Zealand European male who underwent bilateral lung transplantation for severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchiectasis. The patient required a return to the operating room for exploratory surgery after an intercostal drain severed during its attempted removal and became retained within the chest cavity. A deep suture had inadvertently been passed around the chest drain intraoperatively. In the event of such a complication, prompt recognition and removal of the retained segment is required. This novel case is reported to highlight the possibility of an entrapped suture as a cause of resistance when attempting to remove an intercostal drain. Kinking on a chest X-ray may also point to this problem, and senior input should be sought early if radiographic findings are coupled with clinical difficulties.
Quantitative analysis of character networks in Polish 19th- and 20th-century novels
Authors: Kubis Marek 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article presents a study on induction and quantitative analysis of character networks inferred from Polish novels. The corpus compiled for this study includes both 19th- and 20th-century literary works in the form of electronic editions of novels and OCR-derived texts obtained from publicly available sources. The natural language processing pipeline developed for the purpose of inducing character networks from novels is described. The structural properties of the inferred character networks are investigated, and significant differences between the properties of networks induced from 19th- to 20th-century novels are demonstrated.
The sensitivity of stellar feedback to IMF averaging versus IMF sampling in galaxy formation simulations
Authors: Smith Matthew C 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Galaxy formation simulations frequently use initial mass function (IMF) averaged feedback prescriptions, where star particles are assumed to represent single stellar populations that fully sample the IMF. This approximation breaks down at high mass resolution, where stochastic variations in stellar populations become important. We discuss various schemes to populate star particles with stellar masses explicitly sampled from the IMF. We use Monte Carlo numerical experiments to examine the ability of the schemes to reproduce an input IMF in an unbiased manner while conserving mass. We present our preferred scheme which can easily be added to pre-existing star formation prescriptions. We then carry out a series of high-resolution isolated simulations of dwarf galaxies with supernovae (SNe), photoionization, and photoelectric heating to compare the differences between using IMF averaged feedback and explicitly sampling the IMF. We find that if SNe are the only form of feedback, triggering individual SNe from IMF averaged rates gives identical results to IMF sampling. However, we find that photoionization is more effective at regulating star formation when IMF averaged rates are used, creating more, smaller H ii regions than the rare, bright sources produced by IMF sampling. We note that the increased efficiency of the IMF averaged feedback versus IMF sampling is not necessarily a general trend and may be reversed depending on feedback channel, resolution and other details. However, IMF sampling is always the more physically motivated approach. We conservatively suggest that it should be used for star particles less massive than $\sim 500\, \mathrm{M_\odot }$.
A circular polarization survey for radio stars with the Australian SKA Pathfinder
Authors: Pritchard Joshua , Murphy Tara , Zic Andrew , Lynch Christene , Heald George , Kaplan David L , Anderson Craig , Banfield Julie , Hale Catherine , Hotan Aidan , Lenc Emil , Leung James K , McConnell David , Moss Vanessa A , Raja Wasim , Stewart Adam J , Whiting Matthew 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
We present results from a circular polarization survey for radio stars in the Rapid ASKAP Continuum Survey (RACS). RACS is a survey of the entire sky south of δ = +41○ being conducted with the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder telescope (ASKAP) over a 288 MHz wide band centred on 887.5 MHz. The data we analyse include Stokes I and V polarization products to an RMS sensitivity of 250 μJy PSF−1. We searched RACS for sources with fractional circular polarization above 6 per cent, and after excluding imaging artefacts, polarization leakage, and known pulsars we identified radio emission coincident with 33 known stars. These range from M-dwarfs through to magnetic, chemically peculiar A- and B-type stars. Some of these are well-known radio stars such as YZ CMi and CU Vir, but 23 have no previous radio detections. We report the flux density and derived brightness temperature of these detections and discuss the nature of the radio emission. We also discuss the implications of our results for the population statistics of radio stars in the context of future ASKAP and Square Kilometre Array surveys.
Field linkage and magnetic helicity density
Authors: Lund K , Jardine M , Russell A J B , Donati J-F , Fares R , Folsom C P , Jeffers S V , Marsden S C , Morin J , Petit P , See V 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
The helicity of a magnetic field is a fundamental property that is conserved in ideal MHD. It can be explored in the stellar context by mapping large-scale magnetic fields across stellar surfaces using Zeeman–Doppler imaging. A recent study of 51 stars in the mass range 0.1–1.34 M⊙ showed that the photospheric magnetic helicity density follows a single power law when plotted against the toroidal field energy, but splits into two branches when plotted against the poloidal field energy. These two branches divide stars above and below ∼0.5 M⊙. We present here a novel method of visualizing the helicity density in terms of the linkage of the toroidal and poloidal fields that are mapped across the stellar surface. This approach allows us to classify the field linkages that provide the helicity density for stars of different masses and rotation rates. We find that stars on the lower mass branch tend to have toroidal fields that are non-axisymmetric and so link through regions of positive and negative poloidal field. A lower mass star may have the same helicity density as a higher mass star, despite having a stronger poloidal field. Lower mass stars are therefore less efficient at generating large-scale helicity.
Size Variation of the Nonrecombining Region on the Mating-Type Chromosomes in the Fungal Podospora anserina Species Complex
Authors: Hartmann Fanny E , Ament-Velásquez Sandra Lorena , Vogan Aaron A , Gautier Valérie , Le Prieur Stephanie , Berramdane Myriam , Snirc Alodie , Johannesson Hanna , Grognet Pierre , Malagnac Fabienne , Silar Philippe , Giraud Tatiana 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Sex chromosomes often carry large nonrecombining regions that can extend progressively over time, generating evolutionary strata of sequence divergence. However, some sex chromosomes display an incomplete suppression of recombination. Large genomic regions without recombination and evolutionary strata have also been documented around fungal mating-type loci, but have been studied in only a few fungal systems. In the model fungus Podospora anserina (Ascomycota, Sordariomycetes), the reference S strain lacks recombination across a 0.8-Mb region around the mating-type locus. The lack of recombination in this region ensures that nuclei of opposite mating types are packaged into a single ascospore (pseudohomothallic lifecycle). We found evidence for a lack of recombination around the mating-type locus in the genomes of ten P. anserina strains and six closely related pseudohomothallic Podospora species. Importantly, the size of the nonrecombining region differed between strains and species, as indicated by the heterozygosity levels around the mating-type locus and experimental selfing. The nonrecombining region is probably labile and polymorphic, differing in size and precise location within and between species, resulting in occasional, but infrequent, recombination at a given base pair. This view is also supported by the low divergence between mating types, and the lack of strong linkage disequilibrium, chromosomal rearrangements, transspecific polymorphism and genomic degeneration. We found a pattern suggestive of evolutionary strata in P. pseudocomata. The observed heterozygosity levels indicate low but nonnull outcrossing rates in nature in these pseudohomothallic fungi. This study adds to our understanding of mating-type chromosome evolution and its relationship to mating systems.
Hawk-Seq™ differentiates between various mutations in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 strain caused by exposure to Ames test-positive mutagens
Authors: Otsubo Yuki , Matsumura Shoji , Ikeda Naohiro , Morita Osamu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A precise understanding of differences in genomic mutations according to the mutagenic mechanisms detected in mutagenicity data is required to evaluate the carcinogenicity of environmental mutagens. Recently, we developed a highly accurate genome sequencing method, ‘Hawk-Seq™’, that enables the detection of mutagen-induced genome-wide mutations. However, its applicability to detect various mutagens and identify differences in mutational profiles is not well understood. Thus, we evaluated DNA samples from Salmonella typhimurium TA100 exposed to 11 mutagens, including alkylating agents, aldehydes, an aromatic nitro compound, epoxides, aromatic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). We extensively analysed mutagen-induced mutational profiles and studied their association with the mechanisms of mutagens. Hawk-Seq™ sensitively detected mutations induced by all 11 mutagens, including one that increased the number of revertants by approximately 2-fold in the Ames test. Although the sensitivity for less water-soluble mutagens was relatively low, we increased the sensitivity to obtain high-resolution spectra by modifying the exposure protocol. Moreover, two epoxides indicated similar 6- or 96-dimensional mutational patterns; likewise, three SN1-type alkylating agents indicated similar mutational patterns, suggesting that the mutational patterns are compound category specific. Meanwhile, an SN2 type alkylating agent exhibited unique mutational patterns compared to those of the SN1 type alkylating agents. Although the mutational patterns induced by aldehydes, the aromatic nitro compound, aromatic amines and PAHs did not differ substantially from each other, the maximum total base substitution frequencies (MTSFs) were similar among mutagens in the same structural groups. Furthermore, the MTSF was found to be associated with the carcinogenic potency of some direct-acting mutagens. These results indicate that our method can generate high-resolution mutational profiles to identify characteristic features of each mutagen. The detailed mutational data obtained by Hawk-Seq™ can provide useful information regarding mutagenic mechanisms and help identify its association with the carcinogenicity of mutagens without requiring carcinogenicity data.
Discovery of molecular features underlying the morphological landscape by integrating spatial transcriptomic data with deep features of tissue images
Authors: Bae Sungwoo , Choi Hongyoon , Lee Dong Soo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractProfiling molecular features associated with the morphological landscape of tissue is crucial for investigating the structural and spatial patterns that underlie the biological function of tissues. In this study, we present a new method, spatial gene expression patterns by deep learning of tissue images (SPADE), to identify important genes associated with morphological contexts by combining spatial transcriptomic data with coregistered images. SPADE incorporates deep learning-derived image patterns with spatially resolved gene expression data to extract morphological context markers. Morphological features that correspond to spatial maps of the transcriptome were extracted by image patches surrounding each spot and were subsequently represented by image latent features. The molecular profiles correlated with the image latent features were identified. The extracted genes could be further analyzed to discover functional terms and exploited to extract clusters maintaining morphological contexts. We apply our approach to spatial transcriptomic data from different tissues, platforms and types of images to demonstrate an unbiased method that is capable of obtaining image-integrated gene expression trends.
Increased dishevelled associated activator of morphogenesis 2, a new podocyte-associated protein, in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Qi Chenyang , Alsomali Faten , Zhong Jinyong , Harris Raymond C , Kon Valentina , Yang Haichun , Fogo Agnes B 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Previously, by using proteomic analysis and RNA sequencing in isolated glomeruli, we identified several novel differentially expressed proteins in human and mouse diabetic nephropathy (DN) versus controls, including dishevelled associated activator of morphogenesis 2 (DAAM2). DAAM2 binds the Wnt effector Dvl. We aimed to study possible contributions of DAAM2 to DN.

Methods
We assessed DAAM2 by immunostaining in non-cancer regions of human nephrectomy (Nx), DN and normal donor kidney tissues. We also examined DAAM2 in DN mice (db/db eNOS−/−) and Nx mice. DN mice treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor (DPP4I) or vehicle were compared. DAAM2 was knocked down in primary cultured podocytes by small interfering RNA to study its effects on cell function.

Results
In normal human glomeruli, DAAM2 was expressed only on podocytes. DAAM2 expression was increased in both Nx and DN versus normal donors. Podocyte DAAM2 expression was increased in DN and Nx mouse models. Glomerular DAAM2 expression correlated with glomerular size and was decreased significantly by ACEI while DPP4I only numerically reduced DAAM2. In primary cultured podocytes, knockdown of DAAM2 enhanced adhesion, slowed migration, activated Wnt–β-catenin signaling and downregulated mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and Rho activity.

Conclusions
Podocyte DAAM2 is upregulated in both Nx and DN, which could be contributed to by glomerular hypertrophy. We hypothesize that DAAM2 regulates podocyte function through the mTORC1, Wnt/β-catenin and Rho signaling pathways.