bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agreement and reliability of the Feline Grimace Scale among cat owners, veterinarians, veterinary students and nurses
Authors: Evangelista Marina C. , Steagall Paulo V. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the agreement and reliability of the Feline Grimace Scale (FGS) among cat owners, veterinarians, veterinary students and nurses/technicians. Raters (n = 5/group) scored 100 images using the FGS (ear position, orbital tightening, muzzle tension, whiskers position and head position). Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to assess inter- and intra-rater reliability. Agreement between each group and the veterinarian group (gold-standard) was calculated using the Bland–Altman method. Effects of gender, age and number of cats owned on FGS scores were assessed using linear mixed models. Inter-rater reliability was good for FGS final scores (ICC > 0.8). The muzzle and whiskers yielded lower reliability (ICC = 0.39 to 0.74). Intra-rater reliability was excellent for students and veterinarians (ICC = 0.91), and good for owners and nurses (ICC = 0.87 and 0.81, respectively). A very good agreement between all groups and veterinarians (bias < 0.1 and narrow limits of agreement) was observed. Female raters assigned higher FGS scores than males (p = 0.006); however, male raters were underrepresented in this study. Scores were not affected by age or number of cats owned. The FGS is reliable for feline acute pain assessment when used by individuals with different experience.
Shared associations identify causal relationships between gene expression and immune cell phenotypes
Authors: Gasperi Christiane , Chun Sung , Sunyaev Shamil R. , Cotsapas Chris 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGenetic mapping studies have identified thousands of associations between common variants and hundreds of human traits. Translating these associations into mechanisms is complicated by two factors: they fall into gene regulatory regions; and they are rarely mapped to one causal variant. One way around these limitations is to find groups of traits that share associations, using this genetic link to infer a biological connection. Here, we assess how many trait associations in the same locus are due to the same genetic variant, and thus shared; and if these shared associations are due to causal relationships between traits. We find that only a subset of traits share associations, with many due to causal relationships rather than pleiotropy. We therefore suggest that simply observing overlapping associations at a genetic locus is insufficient to infer causality; direct evidence of shared associations is required to support mechanistic hypotheses in genetic studies of complex traits.
Novel cryoballoon 180° ablation system for treatment of Barrett’s esophagus-related neoplasia: a first-in-human study
Authors: Overwater Anouk , van Munster Sanne N. , Nagengast Wouter B. , Pouw Roos E. , Bergman Jacques J. G. H. M. , Schoon Erik J. , Weusten Bas L. A. M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background The novel 180° cryoballoon (CbAS180) enables semicircumferential treatment over a length of 3 cm per application. This first-in-human study evaluates its feasibility, efficacy, and safety for the treatment of Barrett’s esophagus (BE) neoplasia.
Methods This multicenter study consisted of dose-finding and extension phases. Dose-finding started with the lowest dose possible (1.0 mm/s). For each dose, six patients were treated circumferentially over a 3-cm length. The dose was increased until the median BE regression was ≥ 60 % without serious adverse events (SAEs). In the extension phase, the dose was confirmed in 19 new patients. The outcomes were technical success, BE regression after one treatment, and SAEs.
Results 25 patients (median Prague C0M3) were included (6 dose-finding/19 extension). In two patients, the CbAS180 could not be applied because of unstable balloon positioning. The technical success rate was 96 % (22 /23). In the six dose-finding patients, the starting dose resulted in median BE regression of 94 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 60 %–97 %) without SAEs and was thus considered effective. Overall median BE regression was 80 % (95 %CI 60 %–90 %).
Conclusion Single-session CbAS180 seems feasible, safe, and effective, and is a promising technique for the treatment of patients with BE neoplasia.
Physician Workflow in Two Distinctive Emergency Departments: An Observational Study
Authors: Patel Vimla L. , Denton Courtney A. , Soni Hiral C. , Kannampallil Thomas G. , Traub Stephen J. , Shapiro Jason S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objectives We characterize physician workflow in two distinctive emergency departments (ED). Physician practices mediated by electronic health records (EHR) are explored within the context of organizational complexity for the delivery of care.
Methods Two urban clinical sites, including an academic teaching ED, were selected. Fourteen physicians were recruited. Overall, 62 hours of direct clinical observations were conducted characterizing clinical activities (EHR use, team communication, and patient care). Data were analyzed using qualitative open-coding techniques and descriptive statistics. Timeline belts were used to represent temporal events.
Results At site 1, physicians, engaged in more team communication, followed by direct patient care. Although physicians spent 61% of their clinical time at workstations, only 25% was spent on the EHR, primarily for clinical documentation and review. Site 2 physicians engaged primarily in direct patient care spending 52% of their time at a workstation, and 31% dedicated to EHRs, focused on chart review. At site 1, physicians showed nonlinear complex workflow patterns with a greater frequency of multitasking and interruptions, resulting in workflow fragmentation. In comparison, at site 2, a less complex environment with a unique patient assignment system, resulting in a more linear workflow pattern.
Conclusion The nature of the clinical practice and EHR-mediated workflow reflects the ED work practices. Physicians in more complex organizations may be less efficient because of the fragmented workflow. However, these effects can be mitigated by effort distribution through team communication, which affords inherent safety checks.
A Perioperative Care Display for Understanding High Acuity Patients
Authors: Novak Laurie Lovett , Wanderer Jonathan , Owens David A. , Fabbri Daniel , Genkins Julian Z. , Lasko Thomas A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground The data visualization literature asserts that the details of the optimal data display must be tailored to the specific task, the background of the user, and the characteristics of the data. The general organizing principle of a concept-oriented display is known to be useful for many tasks and data types.Objectives In this project, we used general principles of data visualization and a co-design process to produce a clinical display tailored to a specific cognitive task, chosen from the anesthesia domain, but with clear generalizability to other clinical tasks. To support the work of the anesthesia-in-charge (AIC) our task was, for a given day, to depict the acuity level and complexity of each patient in the collection of those that will be operated on the following day. The AIC uses this information to optimally allocate anesthesia staff and providers across operating rooms.Methods We used a co-design process to collaborate with participants who work in the AIC role. We conducted two in-depth interviews with AICs and engaged them in subsequent input on iterative design solutions.Results Through a co-design process, we found (1) the need to carefully match the level of detail in the display to the level required by the clinical task, (2) the impedance caused by irrelevant information on the screen such as icons relevant only to other tasks, and (3) the desire for a specific but optional trajectory of increasingly detailed textual summaries.Conclusion This study reports a real-world clinical informatics development project that engaged users as co-designers. Our process led to the user-preferred design of a single binary flag to identify the subset of patients needing further investigation, and then a trajectory of increasingly detailed, text-based abstractions for each patient that can be displayed when more information is needed.
A Unique Case of Replantation of Previously Replanted Fingers
Authors: Bharathi Ravindra , Bhardwaj Praveen , Varadharajan Vigneswaran , Venkatramani Hari , Sabapathy S Raja 
Published: March 2021

AbstractReplantation of digital amputations is now the accepted standard of care. However, rarely will a replantation surgeon be presented with amputated fingers which have been previously replanted. In our literature search, we could find only one publication where a replanted thumb suffered amputation and was successfully replanted again. We report the technical challenges and the outcome of replanting two fingers which suffered amputation 40 months after the initial replantation and were successfully replanted again. Replantation was critical since the amputated fingers were the only two complete fingers in that hand which had initially suffered a four-finger amputation. The second-time replantation of previously replanted fingers is reported to allay the concern of the reconstructive surgeon when faced with this unique situation of “repeat amputation of the replanted finger.” Second-time replantation is feasible and is associated with high-patient satisfaction. Replantation must be attempted especially in the event of multiple digit amputations.
Investigation of Tissue Transglutaminase Antibody Normalization in Response to Gluten-Free Diet in Children with Celiac Disease
Authors: Ebrahimi Mohsen Pour , Alimadadi Hosein , Najafi Mehri , Vasei Mohammad , Rahmani Parisa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA very limited amount of data are available regarding the follow-up of celiac disease (CD) treatment in Iran. The aim of this study is to investigate antitissue transglutaminase (atTG) normalization interval and the associated factors in CD patients. This retrospective study included CD patients enrolled in Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The initial atTG titer and histological evaluation (with Marsh grade ≥2) were recorded. The atTG titer was assessed in each follow-up until the time of normalization where children were strictly on gluten-free diet. The age at the time of diagnosis, gender, Marsh grade at the time of diagnosis, other comorbidities, and family history of CD patients were recorded to determine the association of these factors with antibody normalization interval. In total, 71 patients were recruited in the study of which 34 (47.89%) subjects had atTG level below 20 U/mL at the average interval of 31.36 ( ±  2.89) months (95% confidence interval: 25.7–37.02). There was no significant difference between the antibody normalization interval and different age ranges and Marsh grade. Cox regression demonstrated that gender, age ranges, Marsh grade, positive family history of CD, and the presence of comorbidities did not significantly predict longer antibody normalization interval.
Monotone path-connectedness of Chebyshev sets in three-dimensional spaces
Authors: Alimov A. R. , Bednov B. B. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We characterize the three-dimensional Banach spaces in which any Chebyshev set is monotone path-connected. Namely, we show that in a three-dimensional space

each Chebyshev set is monotone path- connected if and only if one of the following two conditions is satisfied: any exposed point of the unit sphere of

is a smooth point or

(that is, the unit sphere of

is a cylinder).
Bibliography: 17 titles.
Dynamics of hydraulic and contractile wave-mediated fluid transport duringDrosophilaoogenesis
Authors: Imran Alsous Jasmin , Romeo Nicolas , Jackson Jonathan A. , Mason Frank M. , Dunkel Jörn , Martin Adam C. 
Published: March 2021

SignificanceFluid flow plays an important role during oogenesis. From insects to mice, oocytes mature by acquiring cytoplasm from sister germ cells, yet the biological and physical mechanisms underlying this transport process remain poorly understood. To study the dynamics of “nurse cell dumping” in fruit flies, we combined direct imaging with flow-network modeling and found that the intercellular pattern and time scale of transport are in accordance with a fundamental hydraulic pressure law. Changes in actomyosin contractility are observed only in the second phase of nurse cell dumping as surface waves that drive transport to completion. These results show that tandem physical and biological mechanisms are required for complete and directional cytoplasmic transport into the egg cell.
Aggression heuristics underlie animal dominance hierarchies and provide evidence of group-level social information
Authors: Hobson Elizabeth A. , Mønster Dan , DeDeo Simon 
Published: March 2021

SignificanceIn animal conflict, the more information individuals have about their social world the better decisions they can make about whom to fight. Determining what animals “know,” however, has proved difficult. We reverse-engineer how information about an individual’s rank structures their aggression. Applying this method to species from ants to primates, we found that while most groups use simple rules to choose fights some groups used more information-rich patterns. A key result is that these information-rich patterns were not restricted to species thought to be more cognitively sophisticated and that their use varied within species. Our work connects sociality with information, provides possibilities for comparative analyses, and opens avenues to study the relationship between individual decision-making and social outcomes.
Elevated cerebrospinal fluid cytokine levels in tuberculous meningitis predict survival in response to dexamethasone
Authors: Whitworth Laura J. , Troll Rajan , Pagán Antonio J. , Roca Francisco J. , Edelstein Paul H. , Troll Mark , Tobin David M. , Phu Nguyen Hoan , Bang Nguyen Duc , Thwaites Guy E. , Thuong Nguyen Thuy Thuong , Sewell Roger F. , Ramakrishnan Lalita 
Published: March 2021

SignificanceDespite appropriate antibiotic treatment, tuberculous meningitis carries a high mortality ascribed to overexuberant inflammation. Genetic variations in the enzyme, LTA4H, alter inflammation, with individuals carrying the inflammation-associatedLTA4Hvariant benefitting from antiinflammatory steroids administered alongside antibiotics. A prior study found poor correlation betweenLTA4Hgenotype and cerebrospinal fluid levels of cytokines, key mediators of inflammation. The study used “frequentist” statistical methods that can fail to detect true differences. Using Bayesian statistics, which can detect significant differences not found by frequentist methods, we found good correlation betweenLTA4Hgenotype and cytokine levels, and cytokine levels and outcome even independent ofLTA4Hgenotype. These findings suggest that LTA4H and additional inflammation factors affect outcome and suggest tailoring steroid therapy to cytokine levels.
Effects of both the drive- and sense-mode circuit phase delay on MEMS gyroscope performance and real-time suppression of the residual fluctuation phase error
Authors: Wu Haibin , Zheng Xudong , Wang Xuetong , Shen Yaojie , Jin Zhonghe , Ma Zhipeng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This work analyses circuit phase delay for carrier-modulation MEMS capacitive gyroscopes. The temperature-dependent circuit phase delay is a major source of gyroscope output drift, which deteriorates the gyroscope bias instability (BI) and angle random walk (ARW). Effects of both drive-mode and sense-mode circuit phase delay on gyroscope performance when using different signal extraction architectures are analyzed in detail. The online suppression method which combines the so-called modified double sideband (MDSB) extraction architecture in the gyroscope drive mode and closed-loop force-rebalance loop in the sense mode can eliminate the impact of residual fluctuation error of circuit phase delay in real time. When drive-mode circuit phase delay equivalently varies from −20° to 20°, using MDSB decreases the fluctuation of the open-loop zero-rate output (ZRO) by 70% compared to using double sideband (DSB) and by 99.7% with respect to using single sideband (SSB). Meanwhile, improvement for the closed-loop ZRO using MDSB is 92.48% and 94% compared to cases using DSB and SSB, respectively. Furthermore, when the equivalent circuit phase delay of the sense-mode alters from −20° to 20°, ZRO variation for the gyroscope with force rebalanced sense loop and quadrature stiffness nulling loop decreases by 80% in contrast to the case with open loop, which demonstrates the effectiveness of online suppression for circuit phase delay of both the drive-mode and sense-mode. Using the online suppression method, the gyroscope has achieved a BI of 0.16° h−1 and ARW of 0.011° (√h)−1. Furthermore, using the MDSB in the drive mode obtains the best stability compared to using the DSB and SSB as the temperature changes.
Terahertz plasmonic sensing based on tunable multispectral plasmon-induced transparency and absorption in graphene metamaterials
Authors: Li Min , Xiong Cuixiu , Liu Chao , Zeng Biao , Ruan Banxian , Zhang Baihui , Gao Enduo , Li Hongjian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Graphene surface plasmons have gained wide interest due to their promising applications in terahertz technology. In this paper, we propose an easily implemented monolayer graphene structure, and exploit its quadra resonance mode to achieve triple plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) and triple plasmon-induced absorption (PIA) effects. A uniform theoretical model with four resonators is introduced to elaborate the intrinsic coupling mechanism and examine the accuracy of simulated results. By altering the Fermi energy and the carrier mobility of the graphene, the proposed triple PIT (PIA) system exhibits a dynamically tunable property, and the absorption intensity can be controlled over a broadband frequency range. It is found that the absorption intensity of the triple PIA spectrum can be as high as 50% with four absorption bands, which is 20 times more than that of monolayer graphene. Besides, we further investigate the triple PIT system for terahertz plasmonic sensing applications, and it is shown that the highest sensitivity of 0.4 THz RIU−1 is reached. Thus, the triple PIT system we propose can be employed for multi-band light absorption and plasmonic optical sensing.
Thioglycolic acid assisted hydrothermal growth of SnS 2D nanosheets as catalysts for photodegradation of industrial dyes
Authors: Zaman M Burhanuz , Poolla Rajaram , Khandy Shakeel Ahmad , Modi Anchit , Tiwari Rajendra Kumar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We present our work on the rapid hydrothermal synthesis of highly crystalline 2D SnS nanostructures. An innovative idea is used in which thioglycolic acid is the sulfur precursor source. Structural studies indicate the material has grown in a single-phase orthorhombic structure. The single-phase formation of the material is also confirmed from the rietveld refinement of the experimental XRD data and by raman spectroscopic analysis. Morphological studies show the formation of 2D sheets having thickness in the nanoscale (100–150 nm) dimensions. Optical absorbance studies show the material is visible-light active exhibiting an indirect bandgap of 1.1 eV and direct band gap ∼1.7 eV. Density functional theory calculations support the experimental bandgap results. Photocatalytic activity of the nanosheets was investigated against methylene blue (MB), rhodamine B (RhB) and methyl orange (MO) dyes employing a solar simulator as the source of photons (light source). The nanosheets were found to photodegrade 80% of MB, 77% of RhB and 60% of MO in 120 min of light illumination. Reusability and post catalytic properties affirm the durability and stability of the nanosheets, which is very important in the context of waste water treatment considering the toxic nature of the effluents from dye industries.
Pre-treatment and real-time image guidance for a fixed-beam radiotherapy system
Authors: Liu Paul Z Y , Gardner Mark , Heng Soo Min , Shieh Chun-Chen , Nguyen Doan Trang , Debrot Emily , O’Brien Ricky , Downes Simon , Jackson Michael , Keall Paul J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Purpose. A radiotherapy system with a fixed treatment beam and a rotating patient positioning system could be smaller, more robust and more cost effective compared to conventional rotating gantry systems. However, patient rotation could cause anatomical deformation and compromise treatment delivery. In this work, we demonstrate an image-guided treatment workflow with a fixed beam prototype system that accounts for deformation during rotation to maintain dosimetric accuracy. Methods. The prototype system consists of an Elekta Synergy linac with the therapy beam orientated downward and a custom-built patient rotation system (PRS). A phantom that deforms with rotation was constructed and rotated within the PRS to quantify the performance of two image guidance techniques: motion compensated cone-beam CT (CBCT) for pre-treatment volumetric imaging and kilovoltage infraction monitoring (KIM) for real-time image guidance. The phantom was irradiated with a 3D conformal beam to evaluate the dosimetric accuracy of the workflow. Results. The motion compensated CBCT was used to verify pre-treatment position and the average calculated position was within −0.3 ± 1.1 mm of the phantom’s ground truth position at 0°. KIM tracked the position of the target in real-time as the phantom was rotated and the average calculated position was within −0.2 ± 0.8 mm of the phantom’s ground truth position. A 3D conformal treatment delivered on the prototype system with image guidance had a 3%/2 mm gamma pass rate of 96.3% compared to 98.6% delivered using a conventional rotating gantry linac. Conclusions. In this work, we have shown that image guidance can be used with fixed-beam treatment systems to measure and account for changes in target position in order to maintain dosimetric coverage during horizontal rotation. This treatment modality could provide a viable treatment option when there insufficient space for a conventional linear accelerator or where the cost is prohibitive.