bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TUIMP: The Universe In My Pocket
Authors: Stasińska Grażyna 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTUIMP is an outreach and educational project providing astronomical booklets that can be folded from one single sheet of paper. The booklets are written by professional astronomers and are intended for a broad audience. They can be downloaded for free from www.tuimp.org and used in classrooms, planetariums and in astronomy festivals. Presently they are available in 11 languages. Participation for writing new booklets or translating in any language is very welcome.
Can stakeholder dialogues help solve financial access restrictions faced by non-profit organizations that stem from countering terrorism financing standards and international sanctions?
Authors: van Broekhoven Lia , Goswami Sangeeta 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCounterterrorism architecture has grown exponentially in the last two decades, with counterterrorism measures impacting humanitarian, development, peacebuilding and human rights action across the world. Addressing and mitigating the impact of these measures take various forms in different contexts, local and global. This article will address one particular form of engagement and redressal – that of the multi-stakeholder dialogue process – to deal with the unintended consequences for civil society of countering the financing of terrorism rules and regulations. The impact is seen in the difficulties that non-profit organizations face across the world in terms of financial access. Involving civil society, banks, government, financial intelligence, regulators, supervisors and banking associations, among others, in a dialogue process with clearly defined objectives is considered by policymakers and civil society to be the most appropriate and effective form of engagement for dealing with and overcoming this particular set of challenges. Multiple examples are provided of ongoing initiatives, with the nuances of each drawn out for a closer look at the conditions needed to sustain such dialogue, and an examination of whether such stakeholder dialogue processes are fit for purpose for solving the seemingly intractable problem at hand.
Estimating Heat‐Related Exposures and Urban Heat Island Impacts: A Case Study for the 2012 Chicago Heatwave
Authors: Chen Kaiyu , Newman Andrew J. , Huang Mengjiao , Coon Colton , Darrow Lyndsey A. , Strickland Matthew J. , Holmes Heather A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAccelerated urbanization increases both the frequency and intensity of heatwaves (HW) and urban heat islands (UHIs). An extreme HW event occurred in 2012 summer that caused temperatures of more than 40°C in Chicago, Illinois, USA, which is a highly urbanized city impacted by UHIs. In this study, multiple numerical models, including the High Resolution Land Data Assimilation System (HRLDAS) and Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, were used to simulate the HW and UHI, and their performance was evaluated. In addition, sensitivity testing of three different WRF configurations was done to determine the impact of increasing model complexity in simulating urban meteorology. Model performances were evaluated based on the statistical performance metrics, the application of a multi‐layer urban canopy model (MLUCM) helps WRF to provide the best performance in this study. HW caused rural temperatures to increase by ∼4°C, whereas urban Chicago had lower magnitude increases from the HW (∼2–3°C increases). Nighttime UHI intensity (UHII) ranged from 1.44 to 2.83°C during the study period. Spatiotemporal temperature fields were used to estimate the potential heat‐related exposure and to quantify the Excessive Heat Factor (EHF). The EHF during the HW episode provides a risk map indicating that while urban Chicago had higher heat‐related stress during this event, the rural area also had high risk, especially during nighttime in central Illinois. This study provides a reliable method to estimate spatiotemporal exposures for future studies of heat‐related health impacts.
Quantification of Urban Forest and Grassland Carbon Fluxes Using Field Measurements and a Satellite‐Based Model in Washington DC/Baltimore Area
Authors: Winbourne J. B. , Smith I. A. , Stoynova H. , Kohler C. , Gately C. K. , Logan B. A. , Reblin J. , Reinmann A. , Allen D. W. , Hutyra L. R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCities are taking the lead on climate change mitigation with ambitious goals to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The implementation of effective mitigation policies will require accurate measurements to guide policy decisions and monitor their efficacy. Here, we present a comprehensive CO2inventory of an urban temperate forest and unmanaged grassland using field observations. We estimate the annual storage of CO2by vegetation and soils and place our biogenic flux estimates in the context of local fossil fuel (FF) emissions to determine when, where, and by how much biogenic fluxes alter net CO2flux dynamics. We compare our hourly estimates of biogenic fluxes in the forest site to modeled estimates using a modified version of Urban‐Vegetation Photosynthesis and Respiration Model (Urban‐VPRM) in Washington DC/Baltimore area presenting the first urban evaluation of this model. We estimate that vegetation results in a net biogenic uptake of −2.62 ± 1.9 Mg C ha−1 yr−1in the forest site. FF emissions, however, drive patterns in the net flux resulting in the region being a net source of CO2on daily and annual timescales. In the summer afternoons, however, the net flux is dominated by the uptake of CO2by vegetation. The Urban‐VPRM closely approximates hourly forest inventory based estimates of gross ecosystem exchange but overestimates ecosystem respiration in the dormant season by 40%. Our study highlights the importance of including seasonal dynamics in biogenic CO2fluxes when planning and testing the efficacy of CO2emission reduction polices and development of monitoring programs.
Die Wertigkeit von Endoprothesenregistern in der
Schulterendoprothetik am Beispiel der inversen Endoprothese
Authors: Blanke Fabian , Enghusen Charlotte , Enz Andreas , Haasters Florian , Lutter Christoph , Mittelmeier Wolfram , Tischer Thomas 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Nach dem schwedischen Vorbild gewinnen
Endoprothesenregister weltweit zunehmend an Bedeutung. Aufgrund der
steigenden Zahlen endoprothetischer Eingriffe am Schultergelenk werden diese
neben der Hüft- und Kniegelenksendoprothetik vermehrt in die
Registerdatenbanken aufgenommen. In dieser Arbeit soll die Wertigkeit von
Endoprothesenregistern am Beispiel der Schulterendoprothetik dargestellt und
mit klinischen Studien verglichen werden.
Material und Methodik Die Jahresberichte von 32 verschiedenen
Endoprothesenregistern zwischen 2013 und 2019 mit Daten zur Hüft-, Knie-
und/oder Schultergelenksendoprothetik wurden analysiert. Es wurden die
Operationszahlen und demografischen Patientendaten für alle Bereiche der
Endoprothetik untersucht. Zudem wurde eine weiterführende Betrachtung von
Variablen wie der Primärdiagnose, der Revisionsursache, der Revisionsrate in
Abhängigkeit von Risikofaktoren und Patient-reported Outcome Measures
(PROM-Scores) ausschließlich für die Schultergelenksendoprothesen
durchgeführt. Am Beispiel der inversen Schulterprothese wurden klinische
Studien mit Registerdaten hinsichtlich der Revisionsrate verglichen.
Ergebnisse 20 Endoprothesenregister konnten insgesamt eingeschlossen
werden, 9 von diesen erfassten Daten zur Schulterendoprothetik. Die
wesentlichen Primärdiagnosen stellten Osteoarthrose (40,6%),
Rotatorenmanschetten-Defektarthropathie (30,2%) und Frakturen (17,6%) dar.
Die am meisten verwendete Schultergelenksendoprothese war die inverse
Prothese (47,3%). Der Anteil der Revisionen an den Gesamtoperationen in der
Schulterendoprothetik lag in allen Registern unter 10%. Neben der
Revisionsrate wurden in den Registern teilweise PROM-Scores zur Evaluation
des Prothesenerfolges eingesetzt. Im Vergleich zu Registerdaten zeigten
klinische Studien heterogenere Daten mit einer deutlich höheren
Revisionsrate von über 10% im Langzeit-Follow-up am Beispiel der inversen
Schulterprothese.
Schlussfolgerung Registerdaten stellen eine wertvolle
Informationsquelle in der Schulterendoprothetik dar und können einen
erheblichen Beitrag zur Qualitätssicherung endoprothetischer Behandlungen
leisten. Im Vergleich zu klinischen Studien liefern sie vordringlich Daten
zu Standzeiten und stellen geringere Revisionsraten dar. Klinische Studien
richten ihren Fokus mittels PROM-Scores und klinischen sowie radiologischen
Untersuchungen einerseits nur auf einzelne Implantate und operative Zentren
und andererseits weitaus stärker auf das funktionelle Ergebnis aus.
The Effect of Calcium Gluconate on Platelet Rich Plasma Activation for VEGF-A Expression of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells
Authors: Margono Anggraini , Bagio Dini Asrianti , Julianto Indah , Suprastiwi Endang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objective Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) activation is an important factor in triggering the initial release of blood-derived growth factors from platelets. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) can be expressed by human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and plays an important role in dental pulp angiogenesis. The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of calcium gluconate on PRP activation in hDPSC VEGF-A expression.
Materials and Methods Two types of PRP and their corresponding activators were analyzed in this study: PRP (activated using calcium chloride/CaCl2) and PRP-T (activated using CaCl2 with the addition of 10% calcium gluconate). hDPSCs were obtained by using an out-growth method (DPSCs-OG), and harvest between the fifth and sixth passages, then cultured in three different media groups: control, PRP, and PRP-T, which were planted in 96 wells (5 × 103 each well). The VEGF-A expression of hDPSCs was analyzed by using an ELISA test and observed at 24, 48, and 72 hours.
Statistical Analysis This study was performed by using one-way ANOVA (p < 0.05) test.
Results There were significant differences between all groups (p < 0.05) at 48 and 72 hours of observations, and no significant differences in the PRP and PRP-T groups at 48 and 72 hours of observations (p > 0.05).
Conclusion PRP and PRP-T were equally effective in inducing VEGF-A expression of hDPSCs.
Ethnic Disparities in Coronavirus Disease 2019 after the Implementation of Universal Screening in Hartford, Connecticut
Authors: Pimentel Veronica Maria , Jackson Frank Ian , Ferrante Anthony Dino , Figueroa Reinaldo 
Published: December 2021

Objective The aim of this article was to estimate the prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Connecticut, examine racial/ethnic disparities, and assess pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women following the implementation of universal screening for the virus.
Materials and methods This is a retrospective cohort study of all obstetric patients admitted to our labor and delivery unit during the first 4 weeks of implementation of universal screening of COVID-19. Viral studies were performed in all neonates born to mothers with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. We calculated the prevalence of COVID-19, compared the baseline characteristics and pregnancy outcomes between those who tested positive and negative for the virus, and determined the factors associated with COVID-19.
Results A total of 10 (4.6%) of 220 women screened positive for the virus. All were asymptomatic. Week 1 had the highest prevalence of infection, nearing 8%. No neonates were infected. Hispanics were more likely to test positive (odds ratio: 10.23; confidence interval: [2.71–49.1], p = 0.001). Obstetric and neonatal outcomes were similar between the groups (p > 0.05).
Conclusion Although the rate of asymptomatic COVID-19 was low, ethnic disparities were present with Hispanics being more likely to have the infection.
Key Points
Performance of Pediatric Index of Mortality PIM-3 in a Tertiary Care PICU in India
Authors: Toteja Nisha , Choudhary Bharat , Khera Daisy , Sasidharan Rohit , Sharma Prem Prakash , Singh Kuldeep 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPediatric index of mortality-3 (PIM-3) is the latest update of one of the commonly used scoring systems in pediatric intensive care. It has free accessibility and is easy to use. However, there are some skepticisms regarding its practical usefulness in resource-limited settings. Hence, there is a need to generate region-specific data to evaluate its performance in different case mixes and resource constraints. The aim of the study is to evaluate the performance of the PIM-3 score in predicting mortality in a tertiary care PICU of a developing country. This is a retrospective cohort study. All children aged 1 month to 18 years admitted to the PICU during the study period from July 2016 to December 2018 were included. We reviewed the patient admission details and the case records of the enrolled. patients. Patient demographics, disease profile, co-morbidities, and PIM-3 scores were recorded along with the outcome. Area under receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) curves was used to determine discrimination. Standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and Hosmer Lemeshow goodness of fit were used to assess the calibration. Out of 282 children enrolled, 62 (21.9%) died. 58.5% of the patients were males, and 60% were less than 5 years of age. The principal diagnoses included respiratory and neurological conditions. The AUROC for PIM-3 was 0.961 (95% CI [0.93, 0.98]) and overall SMR was 1.28 (95% CI [0.96, 1.59]). Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit was suggestive of poor calibration (χ
2 = 11.7, p < 0.05). We concluded that PIM-3 had good discrimination but poor calibration in our PICU setting.
Are YouTube Videos a Reliable Training Method for Safe Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy? A Simulated Decision-Making Exercise to Assess the Critical View of Safety
Authors: Manatakis Dimitrios K. , Mylonakis Emmanouil , Anagnostopoulos Petros , Lamprakakis Konstantinos , Agalianos Christos , Korkolis Dimitrios P. , Dervenis Christos 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background The present study assesses the educational value of laparoscopic cholecystectomy videos on YouTube regarding the correct application of the critical view of safety (CVS), and evaluates… surgical trainees' perceptions of the CVS criteria in a simulated, operative decision-making exercise.
Methods YouTube was systematically searched for laparoscopic cholecystectomy videos, explicitly reporting a satisfactory CVS. The top 30 most popular videos, by number of views, were identified and scored on the 6-point scale by three experienced consultants. After watching a training module on CVS rationale and criteria, 10 trainees, blinded to the consultants' assessment, were instructed to view the videos, score each criterion and answer the binary question “Would you divide the cystic structures?” by “yes” or “no.”
Results An inadequate CVS was found in 30% of the included videos. No statistical association was noted between number of views, likes, or dislikes with successful CVS rates. Inter-observer agreement between consultants and trainees ranged from minimal to moderate (k = 0.07–0.60). Discrepancy between trainees' CVS scores and their simulated decision to proceed to division of the cystic structures was found in 15% of assessments, with intra-observer agreement ranging from minimal to excellent (k = 0.27–1.0). For the CVS requirements, inter-observer agreement was minimal for the dissection of the cystic plate (k = 0.26) and triangle clearance (k = 0.39) and moderate for the identification of two and only two structures (k = 0.42).
Conclusion The CVS is central to the culture of safety in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surgical videos are a useful training tool as simulated, operative decision-making exercises. However, public video platforms should be used judiciously, since their content is not peer-reviewed or quality-controlled.
Functionally-defined recurrent multi-word units in English-to-Polish translation
Authors: Grabowski Łukasz , Groom Nicholas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study uses both parallel and comparable reference corpora in the English-Polish language pair to explore how translators deal with recurrent multi-word items performing specific discoursal functions. We also consider whether the observed tendencies overlap with those found in native texts, and the extent to which the discoursal functions realised by the multi-word items under scrutiny are “preserved” in translation. Capitalizing on findings from earlier research (Granger, 2014;Grabar & Lefer, 2015), we analyzed a pre-selected set of phrases signaling stance-taking and those functioning as textual, discourse-structuring devices originally found in the European Parliament proceedings corpus (Koehn, 2005) and included in the English-Polish parallel corpusParalela(Pęzik, 2016). Since our goal was to explore whether and to what extent English functionally-defined phrases reflect the same level of formulaicity and regularity in both Polish translations and native Polish texts, the findings provided insights into the translation tendencies of such items, and revealed – using inter-rater agreement metrics – that the discoursal functions of recurrent n-grams may change in translation.
The rationality of PM2.5 monitoring sites’ locations based on exposure level across eastern China
Authors: Yan Chang , Shi Guangming , Yang Fumo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Due to the heterogeneity of PM2.5 and population distribution, the representativeness of existing monitoring sites is questionable when the monitored data were used to assess the population exposure. By comparing the PM2.5 concentration from a satellite-based dataset named the China High Air Pollutants (CHAP), population and exposure level in urban areas with monitoring stations (UWS) and without monitoring stations (UNS), we discussed the rationality of the current spatial coverage of monitoring stations in eastern China. Through an analysis of air pollution in all urban areas of 256 prefectural-level municipalities in eastern China, we found that the average PM2.5 concentration in UNS in 2015 and 2018 were 52.26 μg m−3 and 41.32 μg m−3, respectively, which were slightly lower than that in UWS (52.98 μg m−3 and 41.48 μg m−3). About 12.1% of the prefectural-level municipalities had higher exposure levels in certain UNS than those in UWS. With the faster growth of UNS population, the gap between exposure levels of UNS and UWS were narrowing. Hence, currently prevalent administration-based principle of site location selection might have higher risk of missing the non-capital urban areas with relatively higher PM2.5 exposure level in the future.
Phylogeography of the Neotropical sciurid Guerlinguetus brasiliensis (Rodentia: Sciuridae)
Authors: Gomes Rocha Rita , Loss Ana Carolina , Do Prado Joyce Rodrigues , Reis Raiany Oliveira , Duda Rafaela , Pires Costa Leonora 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Brazilian squirrel Guerlinguetus brasiliensis is the only sciurid species occurring in the Atlantic Forest. We investigated the geographical distribution of the genetic diversity of this sciurid species across the Central Corridor of the Atlantic Forest, using two mitochondrial markers and one nuclear marker. We also inferred the demographic history and estimated the present and past habitat suitability for the species. We found strong mitochondrial DNA structure, possibly with both the Doce River and the valley of Paraíba do Sul River restricting gene flow between populations. The demography and ecological niche modelling highlighted a shared evolutionary history amongst several forest-dependent species in the Atlantic Forest. A pattern of isolation by distance was also found, revealing the low mobility and/or dispersal capacity of the species. Further data are required to disentangle exactly how past and/or recent habitat changes have affected population-level genetic diversity of G. brasiliensis.
Fertility treatment and breast-cancer incidence: meta-analysis
Authors: Cullinane Carolyn , Gillan Hannah , Geraghty James , Evoy Denis , Rothwell Jane , McCartan Damian , McDermott Enda W. , Prichard Ruth S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
The significance of exogenous hormone manipulation as part of fertility treatment and its relationship to the development of breast cancer remains uncertain. Several historical reviews have been performed with conflicting results. This study is an updated meta-analysis to determine whether there is a causal relationship between different fertility treatments and breast cancer.

Methods
The study report is based on the guidelines of PRISMA and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology. Studies published within the last 20 years were included to reflect up to date in vitro fertilization (IVF) practice. This study was prospectively registered on PROSPERO on 07/04/2021, registration identification CRD42021247706. The primary outcome of the study was to determine whether there is an increased incidence of breast cancer in women treated with hormonal fertility treatment. The secondary outcomes were to determine whether fertility treatments were individually associated with excess breast-cancer risk.

Results
Overall, 25 studies, including 617 479 participants, were eligible for inclusion. There was no significant breast-cancer risk association with fertility treatment (compared with general and subfertility reference groups). Summary odds ratio of all included studies was 0.97 (95 per cent c.i. 0.90 to 1.04). Women who received six or more IVF cycles did not have an increased risk of breast cancer. Similarly, there was no excess breast-cancer risk associated with clomiphene, human chorionic gonadotropin, gonadotropin analogues and progesterone when examined individually. Comparably, there was no significant association between fertility treatment and excess breast-cancer risk in patients with more than 10 years’ follow-up. Summary odds ratio was 0.97 (95 per cent c.i. 0.85 to 1.12).

Conclusion
This meta-analysis did not find a significant association between fertility treatments and excess breast-cancer risk. Women considering IVF should be informed that it does not appear to increase breast-cancer risk.
Strong convergence of Euler–Maruyama schemes for McKean–Vlasov stochastic differential equations under local Lipschitz conditions of state variables
Authors: Li Yun , Mao Xuerong , Song Qingshuo , Wu Fuke , Yin George 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper develops strong convergence of the Euler–Maruyama (EM) schemes for approximating McKean–Vlasov stochastic differential equations (SDEs). In contrast to the existing work, a novel feature is the use of a much weaker condition—local Lipschitzian in the state variable, but under uniform linear growth assumption. To obtain the desired approximation, the paper first establishes the existence and uniqueness of solutions of the original McKean–Vlasov SDE using a Euler-like sequence of interpolations and partition of the sample space. Then, the paper returns to the analysis of the EM scheme for approximating solutions of McKean–Vlasov SDEs. A strong convergence theorem is established. Moreover, the convergence rates under global conditions are obtained.