bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infections and Major Sickle Cell Syndromes at the Ziguinchor Peace Hospital / Senegal
Authors: Thiam Lamine , Coly Isabelle Jokébé , Sarr Habib , Coly Mame Ngoné , Diatta Alassane , Fall Amadou Lamine , Diagne Ibrahima , Ndiaye Ousmane 
Published: August 2021

Background: Sickle cell disease is an inherited disorder of hemoglobin. It poses a public health problem in Senegal and mainly affects children and adolescents. Infections are the main cause of morbidity and mortality in children with sickle cell disease. The objective of our work was to assess infections associated with major sickle cell syndromes at the Ziguinchor Peace Hospital (ZPH).
Methods: This was a retrospective study, from October 1, 2015 to October 31, 2020. Included were sickle cell patients homozygous SS and heterozygous SC, hospitalized with fever ≥ 39°C, in whom an infectious assessment was performed. Excluded from the study were patients whose complete blood count, C-Reactive Protein, and rapid diagnostic test for malaria were not performed.
Results: During the study period, we collected 66 patient files (43 boys and 23 girls). The mean age was 7.6 years [8 months – 21 years]. The population consisted of SS sickle cell disease patients in 98.5% of cases. The average body temperature was 39.6°C [39 – 40.5°C]. The clinical picture on admission was predominantly vaso-occlusive crisis and anemia. The positivity of the bacteriological examinations was 2 cases for the blood culture, 3 cases for the urine culture. The infections were dominated by bronchopneumonia (31.8%); ear, nose and throat infections (31.8%) and osteoarthritis (15.2%). Four children presented with severe malaria and the immediate course was favorable for all patients.
Conclusion: otorhinolaryngological infections; Bronchopulmonary and osteoarticular diseases are frequent in children with sickle cell disease at the Ziguinchor peace hospital. we recommend support for the microbiology unit and systematic sampling in febrile sickle cell patients.
Comparative Study of Three Vitrification Solutions for an Effective Droplet-vitrification Cryopreservation Procedure for Pfaffia Glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen
Authors: Oliveira Daniela Vasconcelos de , Salomão Antonieta Nassif , Martins Ildeu Soares , Santos Izulmé Rita Imaculada 
Published: August 2021

Aims: The objective of this research was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for shoot tips (ST) of in vitro P. glomerata using the droplet-vitrification technique.
Study Design: The experimental design was a factorial, with four factors, arranged in a completely randomized design. Three vitrification solutions (PVS2, PVS3, PVS4), three times (20, 40, 60 min) and two temperatures (25 ± 2 °C and 0 °C) of treatment with the solutions, followed by freezing (LN+) or not (LN-) with liquid nitrogen (LN) were tested. All tests were performed using six replicates and the results analysed using Two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s tests and expressed as the mean ± the standard error of the means (SEM) deviation.
Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Plant Cryobiology, Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, over a two-year period.
Methodology: ST excised from in vitro plantlets were pre-cultured overnight (19h), treated with a loading solution (LS) and three different vitrification solutions (PVS2, PVS3, PVS4) prior to freezing in LN. Treatment with the vitrification solutions was carried out at 0 or 25°C, for 20, 40 or 60 min. For freezing, drops of the vitrification solutions containing a single ST were dispensed on aluminum foil strips and the strips were submerged in LN (-196°C). For thawing, foil strips were submerged into unloading solution (US) at 40 ± 2°C, for three min. Thawed ST were transferred to regeneration medium and cultured in vitro.
Results: Highest regeneration percentages after cryopreservation were 82% for ST treated with PVS3, at 0°C, for 60 min; 32% for ST treated with PVS4 at 25°C for 60 min or 0°C for 40 min and 22% for those treated with PVS2 at 0°C for 60 min.
Conclusion: Droplet-vitrification is a suitable technique to ensure survival of P. glomerata ST after cryopreservation. This procedure can be applied to establish germplasm collections of this medicinal species in gene banks.
Blended Learning - A Global Solution in the Age of COVID-19
Authors: Devi Barkha , Sharma Champa , Lepcha Nazung 
Published: August 2021

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently declared Covid 19 to be a pandemic that poses a threat to humanity. The existing Conventional and other instructional methods have been canceled and the online learning has been broadly revised to allow learners to educate themselves through online platforms.
Aims: This article was written to identify the teaching practices throughout Covid 19 with key terms, virtual mastering during the lockdown, on-line teaching during a pandemic, and application of blended learning during Covid-19 and post Covid implication.
Methodology: The mini review was conducted to identify the online teaching practices during Covid-19 and blended mode of teaching in higher education and its implication during post Covid-19. The different database searches identiﬁed more than ninety articles, of which 35 full-textual content articles had been assessed and nineteen had been included in this paper.
Results: Blended learning is a modern, powerful, and effective tool for increasing universities' competitiveness, meeting the diverse needs and interests of instructional service consumers, imposing the concept of continuing education, and integrating classroom and distance learning to facilitate independent, interactive, and collaborative learning among students.
Conclusion: The article finishes with an overview of the most pressing issues, as well as suggestions and brief recommendations for expanding the use of blended learning in the post-Covid-19 era.
Artificial Intelligence the Itinerary of Sustainable Health Care
Authors: Bhatia Simren , Mathur Anmol , Mathur Aditi 
Published: August 2021

The Global Strategy for health for all by the year 2020 was launched by WHO in the year 1979 but still the goal has not been achieved; crisis of health care personnel is a major reason behind it. To achieve a more stable future, health care sector needs Artificial Intelligence (AI) will be a curtain raiser towards sustainability in the field of health care.
Sustainable health care can be achieved by fulfilling the targets set out by Sustainable Development Goals, AI can provide promising alternatives to match the goals and aim the sustainable health care for the generations to come. The current paper would like to propose AI as a solution to these issues. AI is already in the front line for diagnosis and medical imaging but there is still lot of scopefor utilization.
Blood-Based Biomarkers for Identifying Disease Activity in AQP4-IgG–Positive Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Kim Su-Hyun , Gomes Ana Beatriz Ayroza Galvão Ribeiro , Schindler Patrick , Hyun Jae-Won , Kim Ki Hoon , Lee Dong-Eun , Schoeps Vinicius Andreoli , Matos Aline de Moura Brasil , Mendes Natalia Trombini , Apóstolos-Pereira Samira Luisa Dos , Callegaro Dagoberto , Lerner Jasmine , Benkert Pascal , Kuhle Jens , Ruprecht Klemens , Paul Friedemann , Pröbstel Anne-Katrin , Kim Ho Jin 
Published: December 2024

ImportanceThe temporal dynamics of serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (sGFAP) and serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) as biomarkers of disease activity for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) remain underexplored.ObjectiveTo determine optimal timing for assessing sGFAP and sNfL, establish cutoff values differentiating between attacks and remissions in NMOSD, and evaluate these findings across independent cohorts.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective, longitudinal, multicenter cohort study was conducted among patients with aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4-IgG)–positive NMOSD. Patients with available stored serum samples were included, totaling 181 patients with 625 samples. Discovery cohort samples were collected from February 2008 to October 2023 and validation cohort samples were collected from January 2013 to October 2023. A combined analysis of both cohorts was conducted from November 2023 to March 2024.ExposuressNfL and sGFAP concentrations, measured by a single-molecule array assay.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes were the optimal timing of assessing sGFAP and sNfL and the adjusted cutoff values for evaluating disease activity in NMOSD.ResultsThe discovery cohort consisted of 366 samples from 78 Korean patients (median [IQR] age, 35 [30-42] years; 73 female patients [95%]), while the validation cohort included 190 samples from 34 German patients (median [IQR] age, 54 [39-61] years; 32 female patients [94%]) and 69 samples from 69 Brazilian patients (median [IQR] age, 46 [35-55] years; 62 female patients [90%]). Six-month postattack temporal biomarker dynamics were analyzed in 202 samples from 74 patients in the discovery cohort: sGFAP levels peaked within the first week and sNfL levels peaked at 5 weeks postattack. The optimal time frames for evaluating attacks were within 1 week for sGFAP and from 1 to 8 weeks for sNfL, with remission defined as at least 6 months postattack. z Score cutoffs of 3.0 for sGFAP and 2.1 for sNfL effectively distinguished between attack and remission phases, indicated by area under the curve values of 0.95 (95% CI, 0.88-1.02) and 0.87 (95% CI, 0.82-0.91), respectively. The discovery cohort time frames and cutoff values were applied to the validation cohort, achieving 71% sensitivity and 94% specificity for sNfL and 100% sensitivity and specificity for sGFAP in the German and Brazilian cohorts.Conclusions and RelevanceThis longitudinal cohort study established optimal timing and thresholds for sGFAP and sNfL, which were consistent in independent cohorts, supporting these biomarkers’ effectiveness in distinguishing NMOSD attacks from remission.
Atomically Flat Dielectric Patterns for Bandgap Engineering and Lateral Junction Formation in MoSe2 Monolayers
Authors: Moser Philipp , Wolz Lukas M. , Henning Alex , Thurn Andreas , Kuhl Matthias , Ji Peirui , Soubelet Pedro , Schalk Martin , Eichhorn Johanna , Sharp Ian D. , Stier Andreas V. , Finley Jonathan J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCombining a precise sputter etching method with subsequent AlOx growth within an atomic layer deposition chamber enables the fabrication of atomically flat lateral patterns of SiO2 and AlOx. The transfer of MoSe2 monolayers onto these dielectrically modulated substrates results in the formation of lateral heterojunctions due to the interaction with alternating regions of SiO2 and AlOx, with the flat substrate topography leading to minimal strain across the junction. Kelvin probe force microscopy measurements show significant variations in the contact potential difference (CPD) across the interface, with AlOx regions inducing a 230 mV increase in CPD. Photoluminescence spectroscopy reveals shifts in spectral weight of neutral and charged exciton species across the different dielectric regions. On the AlOx side, the Fermi energy moves closer to the conduction band, leading to a higher trion‐to‐exciton ratio, indicating a bandgap shift consistent with CPD changes. In addition, transient reflection spectroscopy highlights the influence of the dielectric environment on carrier dynamics, with the SiO2 side exhibiting rapid carrier decay typical of neutral exciton recombination. In contrast, the AlOx side shows slower, mixed decay behavior consistent with conversion of trions back into excitons. These results demonstrate how dielectric substrate engineering can tune 2D materials, allowing scalable fabrication of advanced junctions for novel (opto)electronics applications.
Pressure Regulated π–π Slip Enabling Blue‐Light Emission Enhancement of Terephthalic Acid
Authors: Yang Qing , Wang Yixuan , Niu Guangming , Sui Laizhi , Yang Xinyi , Zou Bo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOrganic solid‐state luminescent materials give rise to widespread applications in the fields of detection sensors, flexible displays, and optoelectronic devices. However, it remains a significant challenge to realize high‐efficiency emission in solid‐state organic systems owing to the undesired aggregation‐caused quenching. Herein, the extraordinary emission enhancement of solid‐state terephthalic acid (TPA) is successfully achieved under high pressure. Significantly, the high‐efficiency emission is unexpectedly captured down to the ambient conditions after pressure is completely released, where the photoluminescence quantum yield is remarkably increased from 26.5% to 74.1%. Experimental characterizations and first‐principles calculations reveal that the pressure treatment engineering endows the targeted TPA with enhanced hydrogen‐bond interactions decorated with slipped π–π staking arrangement. The targeted configuration restricts the vibration of chemical bonds and raises the rotational energy barrier of the pressure‐treated TPA, resulting in the suppression of nonradiative dissipation and the harvest of high‐performance blue‐light emission. This study provides crucial insights into the design of pressure‐responsive solid materials and significantly advances the development of organic solid luminescent materials.
Mediating Self‐Oxidation and Competitive Adsorption for Achieving High‐Selective Urea Oxidation Catalysis at Industrial‐Level Current Densities
Authors: Qiao Pengfei , Li Guorui , Xu Xiujuan , Wang Danni , Wang Fangqing , Xu Liangliang , Lu Linguo , Cong Hailin , Sun Mingliang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractInhibiting the deactivation of nickel‐based catalysts caused by self‐oxidation and competitive adsorption behavior is still a major challenge for urea oxidation reaction (UOR), especially under industrial‐level current densities. In this study, a crystalline NiSe2/amorphous NiFe‐LDH (NiSe2/NiFe‐LDH) heterojunction catalyst is rationally constructed for selective electrocatalytic UOR. In situ Raman spectra and ex situ characterization results reveal that such a structure can tailor the self‐oxidation of catalyst and impede the accumulation of NiOOH species during the UOR process. Density function theory simulations disclose that the self‐driven charge transport from electron‐deficient NiFe‐LDH region to electron‐rich NiSe2 region would induce the formation of local electrophilic/nucleophilic region to adsorb the electron‐donating ‐NH2 and electron‐withdrawing C = O groups, respectively. This optimizes the adsorption of urea molecules and hinders the overaccumulation of OH− ions on the surface of NiSe2/NiFe‐LDH, which is beneficial for the priority occurrence of UOR over the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the realization of high UOR selectivity. Benefiting from the tailored surface self‐oxidation and favorable urea adsorption, the NiSe2/NiFe‐LDH could act as a high‐selective UOR anode and achieve ultrahigh 800 mAcm−2 only at 1.447 V. Besides, UV–vis spectrophotometry also unveiled that the NiSe2/NiFe‐LDH has the capability to electrochemically degrade urea, offering great promise for practical application potentials.
Scalable and High‐Isolation Dual‐Channel Programmable Metasurface With Demountable Meta‐Atom
Authors: Xu Liang , Zhang Xin Ge , Li Qi Yang , Wang Dong Jie , Cui Tie Jun , Jiang Wei Xiang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractProgrammable metasurfaces provide emerging platforms for real‐time electromagnetic (EM) manipulations, showing enormous potential in various information applications. Achieving multiplexed manipulations of EM parameters such as polarization multiplexing and frequency multiplexing on a shared metasurface aperture is very important to improve the control ability and efficiency. In the usual implementation scheme, however, the multiplexed structures and tunable components are laid on the same surface of dielectric substrate, which tends to cause undesired crosstalk due to the physical connections. Here, a method is proposed to design a unique meta‐atom by embedding two varactors into the stacked layers to control orthogonally polarized waves without crosstalk. By arranging the demountable meta‐atoms on a baseboard, a scalable and high‐isolation dual‐channel programmable metasurface is further realized, which can be used to control dual‐polarized waves independently, even under the oblique incidence with 60°. As experimental validation, simultaneous and independent transmissions of different videos in space‐ and polarization‐division channels are carried out using the scalable dual‐channel programmable metasurface. The approach opens up avenues to develop low‐crosstalk multiplexed programmable metasurface, which may promote performance and stability of metasurface‐assisted information systems.
Neoantigen‐Displaying Protein Nanoparticles as a Therapeutic Cancer Vaccine Against Melanoma
Authors: Kim Yujin , Lee Seojung , Yoon Jungmin , Shin Yumi , Kang Sukmo , Kim Sun‐Young , Woo Sangmin , Song Ji‐Joon , Jon Sangyong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAlthough interest in peptide‐based cancer vaccines has surged in the era of personalized immunotherapy enabled by the discovery of neoantigens, the effective generation of neoantigen‐specific T cell responses has been limited. Here, a Brucella BP26 protein‐based nanoparticle displaying the MHC class II‐restricted melanoma neoantigen, M30, is reported for use as a therapeutic cancer vaccine. Genetic engineering of 10 tandem repeats of the M30 neoepitope to a BP26 monomer results in the self‐assembled, neoantigen‐displaying protein nanoparticles (BP26‐M30 NPs). Subcutaneous immunization of mice with BP26‐M30 NPs/CpG adjuvant leads to the activation and maturation of antigen‐presenting cells in draining local lymph nodes and elicits M30‐specific CD4+ T cell immune responses and immunological memory. In a mouse model of aggressive B16‐F10 melanoma, immunization with BP26‐M30 NPs/CpG significantly inhibits the growth of established tumors. These findings suggest that the BP26‐based self‐assembled protein nanoparticle has the potential to be used as a cancer vaccine platform for personalized cancer immunotherapy.
A One‐Stone‐Two–Birds Strategy for Intervertebral Disc Repair: Constructing a Reductive Chelation Hydrogel to Mitigate Oxidative Stress and Promote Disc Matrix Reconstruction
Authors: Bu Pengzhen , Peng Renpeng , Zhang Jiaming , He Zhiyi , Gou Shuangquan , Liu Xuezhe , Qiu Xingan , Zhou Bikun , Meng Weilin , Fu Huixia , Zhu Haiyan , Gao Bo , Serda Maciej , Li Feng , Feng Qian , Cai Kaiyong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is characterized by fibrosis of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells and accelerated surrounding extracellular matrix catabolism. Bioactive hydrogels have shown significant potential in regulating cellular functions and tissue homeostasis. In this work, a dynamic hydrogel (HA‐NCSN/Cu) is designed via the reductive chelation of hyaluronic acid grafted with thiourea (HA‐NCSN) and Cu2+. The reductivity of the grafted thiourea groups of HA‐NCSN can quickly reduce part of the chelated Cu2+ to Cu+. Therefore, during the gelation process, the color of hydrogel become dark immediately, which endowed hydrogel with remarkable photothermal effect. The abundant thiourea groups inside hydrogel can effectively scavenge reactive oxygen species to mitigate the inflammatory stress of NP cells. RNA sequencing analysis further reveals that glutathione signaling pathway is significantly altered. Meanwhile, mild photothermal therapy could activate the TGF‐β/Smad pathway in NP cells, promoting the expression and secretion of Aggrecan and Collagen II. Ultimately, the combined modulation of inflammation alleviation and matrix regeneration achieves the restoration of the structure and function of the damaged intervertebral disc, which is also strongly demonstrated by the in vivo animal experiments. All of these results demonstrate the great potential of the dynamic HA‐NCSN/Cu hydrogel in IVDD treatment.
Personalized Multi‐Epitope Nanovaccine Unlocks B Cell‐Mediated Multiple Pathways of Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Yan Wenlu , Cao Ying , Xu Shanshan , Li Yu , Wu Ting , Yuan Wenhui , Yin Qi , Li Yaping 
Published: December 2024

AbstractB lymphocytes have emerged as an important immune‐regulating target. Inoculation with tumor cell membrane‐derived vaccines is a promising strategy to activate B cells, yet their efficiency is limited due to lack of costimulatory molecules. To amplify B cell responses against tumor, herein, a spatiotemporally‐synchronized antigen‐adjuvant integrated nanovaccine, termed as CM‐CpG‐aCD40, is constructed by conjugating the immune stimulative CpG oligonucleotide and the anti‐CD40 antibody (aCD40) onto the membrane vesicles derived from triple negative breast cancer cells. CM‐CpG‐aCD40 actively accumulates in lymph nodes and is effectively captured by antigen‐presenting cells via the recognition of CD40 by aCD40. Tumor antigens on CM‐CpG‐aCD40 bind to B cell receptors, providing the first stimulation signal for B cells. Meanwhile, the interaction between CpG/Toll like receptor and aCD40/CD40 provides superposed co‐stimulation signals, improving the antibody‐secreting and antigen‐presenting abilities of B cells. The nanovaccine also stimulates dendritic cells to activate CD8+ T cells, and reprograms tumor associated macrophages. CM‐CpG‐aCD40 activating humoral, cellular, and innate antitumor immunity achieves a tumor inhibition rate of 89.3%, which is further improved to 95.4% when combined with the anti‐programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) antibody. CM‐CpG‐aCD40, as a personalized multi‐epitope nanovaccine, paves the way for ushering the era of B cell‐based immunotherapy.
Multiple Polarization States in Hf1−xZrxO2 Thin Films by Ferroelectric and Antiferroelectric Coupling
Authors: Zeng Binjian , Yin Lanyan , Liu Ruiping , Ju Changfan , Zhang Qinghua , Yang Zhibin , Zheng Shuaizhi , Peng Qiangxiang , Yang Qiong , Zhou Yichun , Liao Min 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHfO2‐based multi‐bit ferroelectric memory combines non‐volatility, speed, and energy efficiency, rendering it a promising technology for massive data storage and processing. However, some challenges remain, notably polarization variation, high operation voltage, and poor endurance performance. Here we show Hf1−xZrxO2 (x = 0.65 to 0.75) thin films grown through sequential atomic layer deposition (ALD) of HfO2 and ZrO2 exhibiting three‐step domain switching characteristic in the form of triple‐peak coercive electric field (EC) distribution. This long‐sought behavior shows nearly no changes even at up to 125 °C and after 1 × 108 electric field cycling. By combining the electrical characterizations and integrated differential phase‐contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy (iDPC‐STEM), we reveal that the triple‐peak EC distribution is driven by the coupling of ferroelectric switching and reversible antiferroelectric–ferroelectric transition. We further demonstrate the 3‐bit per cell operation of the Hf1−xZrxO2 capacitors with excellent device‐to‐device variation and long data retention, by the full switching of individual peaks in the triple‐peak EC. The work represents a significant step in implementing reliable non‐volatile multi‐state ferroelectric devices.