bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of likelihood ratios obtained from EuroForMix and STRmix™
Authors: Cheng Kevin , Bleka Øyvind , Gill Peter , Curran James , Bright Jo‐Anne , Taylor Duncan , Buckleton John 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLikelihood ratios (LR) differences between the probabilistic genotyping software EuroForMix and STRmix™ are examined. After considering differences in the allele probabilities, the LRs from both software for an unambiguous single‐source profile were identical (four significant figures). LRs from both software for an unambiguous single‐source profile with alleles previously unseen in the allele frequency database (rare alleles) were the same (three significant figures) for θ = 0.01. Due to differences in the minimum allele frequencies, the LRs differed by three orders of magnitude when θ = 0. For both software, the LRs for a single‐source dilution series decreased as the input amount decreased. The LRs from both software were within an order of magnitude for known contributors. The largest difference was where the target input amount was 0.0156 ng: The LREuroForMix was 2.1 × 1025 and the LRSTRmix was 8.0 × 1024. Both software show similar LR behavior with respect to mixture ratio. For two person mixtures the LR increases for both the major and the minor as the ratio moves away from 1:1. The LR for the major stabilizes at about 3:1 whereas the LR for the minor reaches its maximum at about 3:1 and then declines. Greater differences in LR were observed between EuroForMix and STRmix™ for mixtures. One‐hundred and twenty‐nine mixtures from the PROVEDIt dataset were compared. LRs for 84% of the comparisons for known contributors without rare alleles were within two orders of magnitude. Five divergent results were investigated, and a manual intervention approach was applied where appropriate.
Early embryonic transcriptomes of Zeugodacus tau provide insight into sex determination and differentiation genes
Authors: Liu Peipei , Zheng Wenping , Qiao Jiao , Li Ziniu , Deng Zhurong , Yuan Yimin , Zhang Hongyu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractZeugodacus tau (Walker) is an invasive pest. The sterile insect technique is an environment‐friendly method for pest control. Understanding the mechanism of sex determination will contribute to improving efficiency of this technique. In this study, we identified the transformer (tra) gene in Z. tau. One female‐specific and two male‐specific isoforms of tra were found in Z. tau, and the male‐specific splicing pattern of tra was found to occur 5 h after egg laying. We performed transcriptome sequencing at 1 h (E1), 5 h (E5), and 9 h (E9) after egg laying and obtained high‐quality transcriptome libraries of early embryo development. We identified 13 297 and 11 713 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from E5 versus E1 and E9 versus E1 comparisons, respectively. To explore the potential functions of the DEGs during embryonic development, Gene Ontology, Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses were performed. Twenty‐six genes potentially involved in sex determination or differentiation, including Maleness‐on‐the‐Y (MoY), were identified in Z. tau. To verify the transcriptome results, 15 genes were selected for quantitative real‐time PCR validation. The results were consistent with the transcriptome sequencing results. Moreover, U2 small nuclear riboprotein auxiliary factor (U2AF‐50), female lethal d (fl(2)d), and virilizer (vir) were highly expressed at E5, indicating that they may be related to the sex‐specific splicing of tra. Further functional analysis is needed to confirm this speculation. Our data provide an insight into the mechanism underlying sex determination and differentiation in tephritid species.
Disclosure regulation and incentive uncertainty
Authors: Stocken Phillip C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis discussion provides a framework incorporating key forces at play when regulating disclosure in financial market settings. Given the potential for politically costly implementation and legal challenges of regulations aimed at reducing investor uncertainty about a firm or information intermediaries incentives, the question arises whether enhanced information about the incentives of manager and information intermediaries is likely to yield disclosure that is more transparent. This discussion focuses on how the efficient regulation of information providers depends critically on the generic properties of the type of information that they communicate to investors and investor uncertainty about the interests of the information provider.
The Effect of Core Values on Support for Electoral Reform: Evidence from Two Survey Experiments
Authors: Virgin Sheahan G. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA central tenet in the electoral systems subfield is that parties seek desired outcomes via the strategic adoption of electoral rules. Such partisan self‐interest, however, is merely one explanation for reform: A second is that an actor may attempt to maximize her core values, which constitute her perception of the “common good.” Although the extant literature has demonstrated the motivational power of core values, their effect on electoral rule choice has not been tested. Using a factorial experimental design that manipulates the partisan‐ and values‐implications of a fictitious reform proposal, I find evidence in favor of core values: Not only do they have an effect net of partisan concerns, but they also attenuate the effect of partisan self‐interest when the two predispositions countervail. The results provide evidence that partisan self‐interest offers an incomplete picture: Actors hold—and pursue through electoral reform—objectives that are not immediately partisan in nature.
The effect of intra‐operative hypotension on acute kidney injury, postoperative mortality and length of stay following emergency hip fracture surgery
Authors: Kluger M. T. , Collier J. M. K. , Borotkanics R. , van Schalkwyk J. M. , Rice D. A. 
Published: September 2021

SummaryThe association between intra‐operative hypotension and postoperative acute kidney injury, mortality and length of stay has not been comprehensively evaluated in a large single‐centre hip fracture population. We analysed electronic anaesthesia records of 1063 patients undergoing unilateral hip fracture surgery, collected from 2015 to 2018. Acute kidney injury, 3‐, 30‐ and 365‐day mortality and length of stay were evaluated to assess the relationship between intra‐operative hypotension absolute values (≤ 55, 60, 65, 70 and 75 mmHg) and duration of hypotension. The rate of acute kidney injury was 23.7%, mortality at 3‐, 30‐ and 365 days was 3.7%, 8.0% and 25.3%, respectively, and median (IQR [range]) length of stay 8 (6–12 [0–99]) days. Median (IQR [range]) time ≤ MAP 55, 60, 65, 70 and 75 mmHg was 0 (0–0.5[0–72.1]); 0 (0–4.4 [0–104.9]); 2.2 (0–8.7 [0–144.2]); 6.6 (2.2–19.7 [0–198.8]); 17.5 (6.6–37.1 [0–216.3]) minutes, and percentage of surgery time below these thresholds was 1%, 2.5%, 7.9%, 12% and 21% respectively. There were some univariate associations between hypotension and mortality; however, these were no longer evident in multivariable analysis. Multivariable analysis found no association between hypotension and acute kidney injury. Acute kidney injury was associated with male sex, antihypertensive medications and cardiac/renal comorbidities. Three‐day mortality was associated with delay to surgery ? 48 hours, whilst 30‐day and 365‐day mortality was associated with delay to surgery ≥ 48 hours, impaired cognition and cardiac/renal comorbidities. While the rate of acute kidney injury was similar to other studies, use of vasopressors and fluids to reduce the time spent at hypotensive levels failed to reduce this complication. Intra‐operative hypotension at the levels observed in this cohort may not be an important determinant of acute kidney injury, postoperative mortality and length of stay.
A new therapeutic effect of fenofibrate in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: The promotion of myostatin degradation
Authors: Sun Zeren , Xu Dengqiu , Zhao Lei , Li Xihua , Li Sijia , Huang Xiaofei , Li Chunjie , Sun Lixin , Liu Bing , Jiang Zhenzhou , Zhang Luyong 
Published: September 2021

Background and PurposeDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a degenerative muscle disease with no effective drug treatment. This study investigated the positive effects of fenofibrate on dystrophic muscles.Experimental ApproachMyostatin expression in serum and muscle tissue from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and mdx mice were tested. Primary myoblasts isolated from mdx mice were challenged with an inflammatory stimulus and treated with fenofibrate. In animal experiments, 6‐week‐old male mdx mice were treated with fenofibrate (100 mg kg‐1) administered orally once per day for 6 weeks. Effects of fenofibrate were evaluated by tests of muscle function plus histology and biochemical analyses of serum. Expression of myostatin, MuRF1, and atrogin‐1 in skeletal muscle was evaluated by western blotting and real‐time PCR. Total and oxidative myosin heavy chain (MHC) were assessed via immunofluorescence.Key ResultsExpression of myostatin protein was increased in dystrophic muscle of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and mdx mice. Fenofibrate enhanced myofibre differentiation by down‐regulating the expression of myostatin protein but not mRNA in primary myoblasts of mdx mice. Fenofibrate significantly improved muscle function while ameliorating muscle damage in mdx mice. These benefits were accompanied by an anti‐inflammatory effect. Fenofibrate treatment returned myofibre function by inhibiting the expressions of myostatin, MuRF1, and atrogin‐1 protein in the gastrocnemius muscle and diaphragm, while leaving the mRNA level of myostatin unaffected.Conclusions and ImplicationsFenofibrate substantially slows muscle dystrophy by promoting the degradation of myostatin protein, which may indicate a new therapeutic focus for patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Patient‐parent perceptions of transition readiness in Turner syndrome and associated factors
Authors: Patel Nisha , Klamer Brett , Davis Shanlee , Nahata Leena 
Published: September 2021

SummaryObjectiveMedical care transition to adult care presents challenges for individuals with complex medical conditions such as Turner syndrome (TS). The goals of this study were to: (1) identify factors associated with transition readiness; (2) examine associations and differences between patients' and parents' perceptions of readiness using Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire (TRAQ).MethodsIn a prospective cross‐sectional study, girls with TS 12–25 years and one parent were recruited from 11/2019 to 12/2020. Three questionnaires were administered (demographic/clinical questionnaire, TRAQ, and TS Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire [TS‐TRAQ]). Medical records were reviewed for karyotype and personal medical history. Descriptive statistics, Spearman's correlation, paired sample t tests, and linear regression were used to examine readiness and associated factors.ResultsOf 44 eligible patients, 35 patients and 30 parents completed the study. Patient age, education, and life skills were associated with a higher TRAQ score (p < .001). Greater TS knowledge was associated with higher readiness (p < .05). Readiness score for patient and parental perception of patient's readiness were correlated (r = .83; p < .01). Within patient‐parent dyads, patients had higher readiness (p < .01). TRAQ and TS‐TRAQ scores were correlated (r = .69; p < .01).ConclusionsIncreasing patient age, patient education, life skills, confidence, and higher social/emotional scores were associated with a higher total TRAQ. Patient and parent perceived readiness were correlated and scores within dyads were different. Patients had higher perceived readiness. Positive correlations between TRAQ and TS‐TRAQ suggest this tool may be a useful resource. Given the unique neurocognitive profile and social/emotional challenges among girls with TS, future research should include both patients and parents, and focus on validating TS‐specific transition readiness tools.
Mixed methods Participatory Action Research to inform service design based on the Capabilities Approach, in the North of England
Authors: Shearn Katie , Brook Anna , Humphreys Helen , Wardle Carrie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractProponents of the Capabilities Approach advocate that young people should be able to live lives they have reason to value, supported by public services. Mixed‐methods Participatory Action Research involving 47 young people aged 13–16, five practitioners, and one commissioner was carried out to develop a local Capabilities Framework. The framework had five themes: ‘people and relationships’, ‘places, spaces and time for me’, ‘learning and skills’, ‘freedoms, rights and responsibilities’ and ‘health and wellbeing’. Recommendations for service design include cross‐sector working to support the promotion of social opportunities and services, and interventions focused on the strengths of each young person.
Hemianomalous pulmonary venous drainage and type IIb coronary sinus septal defect – Utility of subxiphoid and right parasternal views
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Arun , Menon Sabarinath , Sasikumar Deepa , Kurup Harikrishnan K. N. , Krishnamoorthy Kavassery Mahadevan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA 3‐year‐old boy presented with history of recurrent respiratory tract infections in infancy. Clinically he had hemodynamically significant pre‐tricuspid left‐to‐right shunt and no pulmonary hypertension. Transthoracic echocardiography delineated anomalous drainage of the left sided pulmonary veins to a dilated coronary sinus opening into the right atrium. Closer evaluation from the subxiphoid and right parasternal views led to the diagnosis of an associated type IIb coronary sinus septal defect.
“A State in the disguise of a Merchant”: Tech Leviathans and the rule of law
Authors: D'Cunha Christian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe rule of law is a check on power, requiring equal subjection of everyone to the law, irrespective of wealth or status. Power is not the exclusive preserve of the state, however, especially where rivalled by private entities that rise, in effect, above the law. Today’s tech giants throw the rule of law out of kilter by assuming the trappings of the state— one even has its own “supreme court”— while shunning its accountability. They seek to dissuade, capture and evade any attempt by the state to mitigate the harms arising from their business models. Policy makers scrambling for innovative legislative techniques are unlikely to repair the consequences of extreme concentration of corporate power so long as underlying social injustices and over‐deference in democratic institutions go unchallenged. Leviathan, whether in the form of govern mentor corporation, cannot coexist with the rule of law.
“Stop going in my room”: A grounded theory study of conflict among stepsiblings
Authors: Landon Olivia , Ganong Lawrence , Sanner Caroline 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis research explores how, and under what conditions, stepsiblings engage in, manage, and resolve conflict.BackgroundInterpersonal conflict is widely recognized as a meaningful and consequential relational dynamic. Although stepfamily conflict has been studied in a variety of family contexts (e.g., spousal, parent–child, stepparent–stepchild), conflict among stepsiblings has received scant attention. The growing prevalence of stepsiblings, coupled with the role of conflict in shaping family dynamics, warrants greater attention be paid to stepsibling conflict.MethodTwenty‐five adults were interviewed about their relationships with 71 stepsiblings. Grounded theory procedures were used.ResultsFor conflict between stepsiblings to occur, three conditions had to be in place: (a) opportunity (i.e., shared time, shared space), (b) intimacy (i.e., perceived closeness between stepsiblings or familiarity), and (c) similarity (i.e., age, gender, or role). Sources of conflict included (a) stepsibling behaviors, (b) territory violations (e.g., bedrooms), and (c) differential treatment by stepparents/parents. Conflict management included both intrapersonal and interpersonal strategies.ConclusionStepsibling conflict should be normalized as an indication of relational closeness, trust, and security.ImplicationsStepsibling conflicts may help them develop closer bonds. Parents should make space for children, maintain bonds with children, promote stepsibling ties, monitor stepsibling conflicts, and consider children's perspectives.
Parent communication about sexual and relationship violence: Promoting healthy relationships or reinforcing gender stereotypes?
Authors: Weiser Dana A. , Lieway Miriam , Brown Randal D. , Shrout M. Rosie , Russell Kristan N. , Weigel Daniel J. , Evans William P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveDrawing on a feminist framework and social cognitive theory, we examine parental communications about sexual and relationship violence and gendered patterns of communication.BackgroundLimited research has examined parental communication about sexual and relationship violence, a concern given that parental communication influences children's sexual beliefs in other domains.MethodParticipants were 438 university students who responded to three prompts about parental communication regarding sexual and relationship violence (n = 368 who provided responses). A content analysis was performed to categorize responses. Participants also responded to four subscales about parental communication.ResultsMost participants reported parent communication about consent, sexual assault, and unhealthy relationships. Women and men reported receiving similar, accurate definitions of consent. Women received messages about monitoring behaviors, help‐seeking, and how to give consent as well as messages that encouraged bodily autonomy, emphasized that sexual assault is not the victim's fault, and deemed physical and emotional abuse unacceptable. Men received messages that sexual assault is wrong, that consent is important, and about how to obtain consent.ConclusionsCollectively, these findings highlight that although parents are communicating important messages about consent, many are also reinforcing gendered sexual scripts.ImplicationsImplications for education about parental communication and future directions for research are discussed.
Clinical outcomes of patients with and without HIV hospitalized with COVID‐19 in England during the early stages of the pandemic: a matched retrospective multi‐centre analysis (RECEDE‐C19 study)
Authors: Lee Ming Jie , Snell Luke Blagdon , Douthwaite Sam T. , Fidler Sarah , Fitzgerald Naomi , Goodwin Lynsey , Hamzah Lisa , Kulasegaram Ranjababu , Lawrence Sarah , Lwanga Julianne , Marchant Rebecca , Orkin Chloe , Palfreeman Adrian , Parthasarathi Padmini , Pareek Manish , Ring Kyle , Sharaf Hamed , Shekarchi‐Khanghahi Eleanor , Simons Rebecca , Teh Jhia Jiat , Thornhill John , van Halsema Clare , Williamson Marie , Wiselka Martin , Nori Achyuta , Fox Julie , Smith Colette 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe contribution of HIV to COVID‐19 outcomes in hospitalized inpatients remains unclear. We conducted a multi‐centre, retrospective matched cohort study of SARS‐CoV‐2 PCR‐positive hospital inpatients analysed by HIV status.MethodsHIV‐negative patients were matched to people living with HIV (PLWH) admitted from 1 February 2020 to 31 May 2020 up to a 3:1 ratio by the following: hospital site, SARS‐CoV‐2 test date ± 7 days, age ± 5 years, gender, and index of multiple deprivation decile ± 1. The primary objective was clinical improvement (two‐point improvement or better on a seven‐point ordinal scale) or hospital discharge by day 28, whichever was earlier.ResultsA total of 68 PLWH and 181 HIV‐negative comparators were included. In unadjusted analyses, PLWH had a reduced hazard of achieving clinical improvement or discharge [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 0.57, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.39–0.85, p = 0.005], but this association was ameliorated (aHR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.43–1.17, p = 0.18) after additional adjustment for ethnicity, frailty, baseline hypoxaemia, duration of symptoms prior to baseline, body mass index (BMI) categories and comorbidities. Baseline frailty (aHR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.65–0.95, p = 0.011), malignancy (aHR = 0.37, 95% CI 0.17, 0.82, p = 0.014) remained associated with poorer outcomes. The PLWH were more likely to be of black, Asian and minority ethnic background (75.0% vs 48.6%, p = 0.0002), higher median clinical frailty score [3 × interquartile range (IQR): 2–5 vs, 2 × IQR: 1–4, p = 0.0069), and to have a non‐significantly higher proportion of active malignancy (14.4% vs 9.9%, p = 0.29).ConclusionsAdjusting for confounding comorbidities and demographics in a matched cohort ameliorated differences in outcomes of PLWH hospitalized with COVID‐19, highlighting the importance of an appropriate comparison group when assessing outcomes of PLWH hospitalized with COVID‐19.
The polymorphism of HLA‐A, ‐C, ‐B, ‐DRB3/4/5, ‐DRB1, ‐DQB1 loci in Zhejiang Han population, China using NGS technology
Authors: Wang Fang , Dong Lina , Wang Wei , Chen Nanying , Zhang Wei , He Ji , Zhu Faming 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe distributions of HLA allele and haplotype are various in the populations. Currently, the data for HLA alleles and haplotypes at three fields resolution level in Chinese Han population is rare. Here, the HLA alleles and haplotypes of the 1734 cord blood samples from Zhejiang Han population, China were reported at three fields resolution. All samples were randomly collected from the Zhejiang Cord Blood Bank, China. HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐C, ‐DRB1, ‐DQB1, ‐DRB3/4/5 loci was genotyped using next generation sequencing method. The genotypes of the samples were assigned using the HLA TypeStream Visual Software version 1.2.0. The frequency of alleles, haplotype estimation and linkage disequilibrium analysis were performed with the Arlequin software 3.5.2.2. It was found that the top three frequent alleles of HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐C, ‐DRB1, ‐DQB1, ‐DRB3/4/5 loci were A*11:01:01 (25.81%), A*24:02:01 (16.70%), A*02:01:01 (10.61%); B*40:01:02 (15.97%), B*46:01:01 (11.48%), B*58:01:01 (7.96%); C*07:02:01 (19.03%), C*01:02:01 (17.65%), C*03:04:01 (10.41%); DRB1*09:01:02G (17.96%), DRB1*12:02:01 (9.57%), DRB1*08:03:02 (9.54%); DQB1*03:01:01G (21.05%), DQB1*03:03:02 (19.15%), DQB1*06:01:01G (12.08%); DRB4*01:03:01 (25.72%), DRB3*02:02:01 (20.27%), DRB5*01:01:01 (10.96%), respectively. A total of 1528 distinct A∼C∼B∼DRB3/4/5∼DRB1∼DQB1 haplotypes were estimated, and the top three most common haplotypes were A*33:03:01∼C*03:02:02∼B*58:01:01∼DRB3*02:02:01∼DRB1*03:01:01∼ DQB1*02:01:01 (4.02%), A*30:01:01∼C*06:02:01∼B*13:02:01∼DRB4*01:03:01∼ DRB1*07:01:01 ∼DQB1*02:02:01 (3.11%) and A*02:07:01∼C*01:02:01∼B*46:01:01 ∼DRB4*01:03:01∼DRB1*09:01:02G∼DQB1*03:03:02 (3.05%). Some alleles of different HLA loci were shown strong linkage disequilibrium. In conclusion, the data of allele and haplotype of HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐C, ‐DRB1, ‐DQB1 and ‐DRB3/4/5 loci at three fields resolution level were obtained in Zhejiang Han population, thus contributing to analyze the HLA ploymorphism in the populations.
Introduction: Disruptions in global value chains – Continuity or change for labour governance?
Authors: GEREFFI Gary , POSTHUMA Anne Caroline , ROSSI Arianna 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGlobal production and trade organized in global value chains (GVCs) have structured labour governance and the conditions of work for multiple decades. Since the early 2000s, a series of new economic, technological and political disruptions, along with the current COVID‐19 global health pandemic, have accentuated critical concerns about the role of labour governance and the future of work in the global economy. The articles in this Special Issue address these themes through original industry and country case studies, using both longitudinal and comparative research designs and mixed methods to offer insights into a labour governance framework that will fit future GVCs.