bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light robustness model for the bidding strategy of an electric vehicle aggregator
Authors: Gong Xin , Wang Fei , Su Yu , Xu Qiangqiang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractConsidering the uncertainties of the behaviour of electric vehicles (EVs) and the bidding of other participants in the market, the light robustness bidding model for the EV aggregator in the day‐ahead market is constructed. The model is a bilevel model, with the upper‐level model representing cost minimisation of the EV aggregator, whereas the lower‐level model represents market clearing providing market price and bidding energy for the upper‐level model. Bids of other market participants and EV driving pattern were not known to the EV aggregator in advance. They were seen as uncertain variables. A numerical example was used to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed method. Through the example analysis, the costs of the EV aggregator under different circumstances are compared and, under the same uncertainties, the results of the method proposed herein are also compared with the traditional robust optimisation method and stochastic fuzzy programming method.
The LOFAR and JVLA view of the distant steep spectrum radio halo in MACS J1149.5+2223
Authors: Bruno L. , Rajpurohit K. , Brunetti G. , Gastaldello F. , Botteon A. , Ignesti A. , Bonafede A. , Dallacasa D. , Cassano R. , van Weeren R. J. , Cuciti V. , Di Gennaro G. , Shimwell T. , Brüggen M. 
Published: March 2021

Context.Radio halos and relics are Mpc-scale diffuse radio sources in galaxy clusters, which have a steep spectral indexα > 1 (defined asS ∝ ν−α). It has been proposed that halos and relics arise from particle acceleration induced by turbulence and weak shocks that are injected into the intracluster medium (ICM) during mergers.Aims.MACS J1149.5+2223 is a high-redshift (z = 0.544) galaxy cluster possibly hosting a radio halo and a relic. We analysed LOw Frequency Array (LOFAR), Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope, andKarl G. JanskyVery Large Array (JVLA) radio data at 144, 323, and 1500 MHz, respectively. In addition, we analysed archivalChandraX-ray data to characterise the thermal and non-thermal properties of the cluster.Methods.We obtained radio images at different frequencies to investigate the spectral properties of the radio halo. We usedChandraX-ray images to constrain the thermal properties of the cluster and to search for discontinuities (due to cold fronts or shock fronts) in the surface brightness of the ICM. By combining radio and X-ray images, we carried out a point-to-point analysis to study the connection between the thermal and non-thermal emission.Results.We measured a steep spectrum of the halo, which can be described by a power-law withα = 1.49 ± 0.12 between 144 and 1500 MHz. The radio surface brightness distribution across the halo is found to correlate with the X-ray brightness of the ICM. The derived correlation shows a sub-linear slope in the range 0.4–0.6. We also report two possible cold fronts in north-east and north-west, but deeper X-ray observations are required to firmly constrain the properties of the upstream emission.Conclusions.We show that the combination of high-redshift, steep radio spectrum, and sub-linear radio-X scaling of the halo rules out hadronic models. An old (∼1 Gyr ago) major merger likely induced the formation of the halo through stochastic re-acceleration of relativistic electrons. We suggest that the two possible X-ray discontinuities may be part of the same cold front. In this case, the coolest gas pushed towards the north-west might be associated with the cool core of a sub-cluster involved in the major merger. The peculiar orientation of the south-east relic might indicate a different nature of this source and requires further investigation.
Convergent and known group validity of the STarT Back Tool in a Nigerian population with chronic low back pain
Authors: Mbada Chidozie Emmanuel , Ojo Joshua Oluwafunmibi , Idowu Opeyemi Ayodiipo , Afolabi Taofik Oluwasegun , Afolabi Aanuoluwapo Deborah , Oke Kayode Israel , Sonuga Oluwatobi Ademola , Karstens Sven , Fatoye Francis 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background The STarT Back Tool (SBT) was developed to aid the stratification of patients with low-back pain (LBP), based on future risks for physical disability.
Objective Investigation of the convergent and known group validity of the SBT in a Nigerian population with chronic LBP using disability-related psychosocial outcomes.
Method Cross-sectional study involved 30 consenting patients with chronic LBP in an outpatient physiotherapy clinic of a tertiary health institution in Nigeria. Future risk of disability was assessed using the SBT. Psychosocial variables of pain catastrophizing, fear-avoidance beliefs (FAB), and kinesiophobia were assessed using the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire and the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, respectively. Data was analysed using percentages and Spearman correlation.
Results Based on the SBT, there were rates of 43.3 % and 23.3 % for low and high future risks of physical disability. The median score of pain catastrophizing was 13.5, that of FAB came in at 16.5 related to physical activity and 14.0 related to work, and the score for kinesiophobia amounted to 39. The SBT total scores moderately correlated with the FAB related to work (rho = 0.45 (95 % CI 0.09–0.700). FAB related to physical activity (p = 0.040) significantly differed across the SBT subgroups.
Conclusion The SBT and the other psychosocial instruments used in this study did not correlate to a sufficient degree. In addition, patients exhibiting catastrophizing, fear-avoidance beliefs, or kinesiophobia could not be differentiated based on SBT risk groups. The results should be interpreted with caution until findings from additional studies with sufficient sample sizes are at hand.
Arthroscopic Subscapularis Tendon Repair Using the Mason-Allen Technique
Authors: Huang Junqi , Cheng Jiajia , Tang Shitian , Shi Bo , Liu Gang , Xie Gangtai 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair has recently been popularized for treating tears. In a biomechanical trial, the Mason-Allen stitch improved the fixation quality of poorly vascularized tendons. The use of this technique involving the subscapularis tendon remains rare. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of Mason-Allen technique repaired subscapularis tendons.
Methods A retrospective research of collected data from 98 patients with subscapularis tears who had undergone arthroscopic repair between May 2015 and December 2018. There were 75 males and 23 females. The mean age was 56.4 ± 9.6 years and the mean follow-up was 12.5 ± 4.0 months. The visual analog scale (VAS), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, and Constant-Murley score were used to analyze shoulder function. An MRI was performed to assess the integrity of the repair.
Results Patients had significantly less pain and a better active range of motion compared with preoperative levels. VAS improved significantly from a preoperative mean of 3.42 to a postoperative mean of 1.91. ASES increased significantly from the preoperative mean of 43.6 to the postoperative mean of 74.5. Seven cases suffered from retears, which were confirmed by an MRI examination.
Conclusion Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with the Mason-Allen method resulted in a decreased level of pain and satisfied function recovery.
Comparison of Changes in SRS-22 Values with Improvement in Cobb Angles after Posterior Fusion Surgery in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Gem Kadir , Hancioglu Sertan , Bilgiç Abdulkadir , Erkan Serkan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the correction rate in Cobb angle and the improvement in quality of life profile in terms of Scoliosis Research Society (SRS)-22 values.
Patients and Methods Between January 2007 and December 2013, posterior instrumentation and fusion was performed to 30 patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Patients were grouped according to their improvement rate in Cobb angles after surgery. Patients with an improvement rate of > 80% were grouped as Group A; those with an improvement rate of > 60% and ≤ 80% as Group B and those with an improvement rate of ≤ 60% were grouped as Group C. The SRS-22 questionnaire of these three groups was calculated and their relationship with the improvement in Cobb angle was evaluated.
Results No statistical difference was found among the three groups in terms of pain, appearance, function, spirit, satisfaction, and SRS-22 values (all p > 0.05).
Conclusion The results of this study demonstrate that the degree of correction rate does not correlate with the degree of improvement in the SRS-22 questionnaire in patients with AIS that underwent posterior fusion and instrumentation.
Relationship between C-reactive Protein/Albumin Ratio and Subclinical Inflammation in Patients with Familial Mediterranean Fever
Authors: Onder Esra Nagehan Akyol , Cam Fethi Sirri , Ertan Pelin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF), which is characterised
by recurrent episodes of fever with serositis, is associated with ongoing
inflammation without clinical findings during attack-free periods, leading
to amyloidosis, the most important complication of FMF. The objective of
this study was to investigate the C-reactive protein/albumin ratio
(CAR) as a marker to identify subclinical inflammation in symptom-free FMF
children and compare the CAR with other systemic inflammatory markers such
as mean platelet volume (MPV), red cell distribution width (RDW),
neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet/lymphocyte
ratio (PLR).
Material and Methods We included 100 patients and 70 healthy subjects.
Hospital records were obtained to collect data on laboratory findings and
genetic mutations.
Results We found that the CAR levels of our FMF patients were
significantly higher than those of the control group. We also evaluated that
the CAR values had a higher area-under-the-curve value than the other
systemic inflammation parameters including CRP, MPV, RDW, NLR, PLR based on
Receiver-Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis.
Conclusion It is important to identify subclinical inflammation in FMF
patients with simple, reliable, easily accessible markers to avoid
amyloidosis. Although the CAR might be used to assess subclinical
inflammation in paediatric FMF patients, the prognostic value of CAR is not
superior to CRP. Merging CRP and albumin into a single index thus provides
no additional benefit in detecting subclinical inflammation in FMF.
Effect of Achilles Tendon Mechanics on the Running Economy of Elite Endurance Athletes
Authors: Pinto Mariana Souza , Sánchez Carlos , Martins Natália , Menegaldo Luciano Luporini , Pompeu Fernando , de Oliveira Liliam Fernandes 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Achilles tendon stores and releases strain energy, influencing running economy. The present study aims to verify the influence of the Achilles tendon tangent modulus, as a material property, on running economy by comparing two groups of elite endurance-performance athletes undergoing different running training volumes. Twelve athletes, six long-distance runners and six pentathletes, were studied. Long-distance runners had a higher weekly running training volume (116.7±13.7 vs. 58.3±20.4 km, p<0.05) and a better running economy (204.3±12.0 vs. 222.0±8.7 O2 mL ∙ kg−1 ∙ km−1, p<0.05) evaluated in a treadmill at 16 km·h–1, 1% inclination. Both groups presented similar VO2max (68.5±3.8 vs. 65.7±5.0 mL ∙ min−1 ∙ kg−1, p>0.05). Achilles tendon tangent modulus was estimated from ultrasound-measured deformations, with the ankle passively mobilized by a dynamometer. True stress was calculated from the measured torque. The long-distance runners had a higher maximum tangent modulus (380.6±92.2 vs. 236.2±82.6 MPa, p<0.05) and maximum true stress than pentathletes (24.2±5.1 vs. 16.0±3.5 MPa, p<0.05). The correlation coefficient between tangent modulus at larger deformations was R=–0.7447 (p<0.05). Quantifying tendon tissue adaptations associated with different running training volumes will support subject and modality-specific workouts prescription of elite endurance athletes.
Quality of Life of the Patient with Head and Neck Cancer Submitted to Radiotherapy and the Overload of Their Caregivers
Authors: Delalibera Daniela , Carvalho Alessandra Cristine Ribeiro , Thesolim Bruna Luiza , Rezende Laura Ferreira de 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction Esthetic and functional changes are frequent in patients with head and neck cancer, and they can be caused by both tumor and treatment. Physical and functional impairment often requires the need of a caregiver, who may feel overwhelmed with the tasks of care.
Objective This study aims to evaluate the quality of life of patients with head and neck cancer submitted to radiotherapy and the overload of their caregivers.
Method This is a quantitative cross-sectional study with 42 patients with head and neck cancer and 17 caregivers evaluated during the radiotherapy treatment. Patients responded to the following questionnaires: Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy for Head and Neck Cancer (FACT-H&N) and Shame and Stigma Scale (SSS), while the caregivers responded to the Zarit Burden Interview Scale (ZBI) and Palliative Performance Scale (PPS).
Results Head and neck cancer patients showed a decline in the quality of life in all FACT-H&N domains, with the domain of additional concerns having the worst outcome. Among the feelings reported by patients, the most important was penitence. Less than half of the patients needed caregivers. It was observed that the greater the degree of commitment of the patient, the greater the degree of overload of the caregiver.
Conclusion Therefore, the quality of life of the patient with head and neck cancer is an important aspect to be considered during the therapeutic choice and in the follow-up of the patient, since it has influenced both the patient and his caregiver.
Creating common sense: getting NATO to Afghanistan
Authors: Münch Philipp 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article raises the question of how NATO became bogged down in Afghanistan. I scrutinise how the alliance became involved in Afghanistan and how it formulated its strategy. In doing this, I follow the general premises of practice theory. However, instead of the common focus on diplomats and their everyday doings, this article suggests an approach that pays more attention to the structure of the field of positions. I demonstrate that the actions of permanently seconded representatives of member states and of NATO’s administrative cadre were crucial in drawing the alliance into Afghanistan. I argue that their actions significantly contributed to the creation of a fatal common sense: namely that the alliance had to become and remain engaged even in the absence of clear political goals. This provided the basis for a means-focused and endless mission.
Observing distant objects with a multimode fiber-based holographic endoscope
Authors: Leite Ivo T. , Turtaev Sergey , Boonzajer Flaes Dirk E. , Čižmár Tomáš 
Published: March 2021

Holographic wavefront manipulation enables converting hair-thin multimode optical fibers into minimally invasive lensless imaging instruments conveying much higher information densities than conventional endoscopes. Their most prominent applications focus on accessing delicate environments, including deep brain compartments, and recording micrometer-scale resolution images of structures in close proximity to the distal end of the instrument. Here, we introduce an alternative “far-field” endoscope capable of imaging macroscopic objects across a large depth of field. The endoscope shaft with dimensions of 0.2 × 0.4 mm2 consists of two parallel optical fibers: one for illumination and the other for signal collection. The system is optimized for speed, power efficiency, and signal quality, taking into account specific features of light transport through step-index multimode fibers. The characteristics of imaging quality are studied at distances between 20 mm and 400 mm. As a proof-of-concept, we provide imaging inside the cavities of a sweet pepper commonly used as a phantom for biomedically relevant conditions. Furthermore, we test the performance on a functioning mechanical clock, thus verifying its applicability in dynamically changing environments. With the performance reaching the standard definition of video endoscopes, this work paves the way toward the exploitation of minimally invasive holographic micro-endoscopes in clinical and diagnostics applications.
Structural analyses of an RNA stability element interacting with poly(A)
Authors: Torabi Seyed-Fakhreddin , Chen Yen-Lin , Zhang Kaiming , Wang Jimin , DeGregorio Suzanne J. , Vaidya Anand T. , Su Zhaoming , Pabit Suzette A. , Chiu Wah , Pollack Lois , Steitz Joan A. 
Published: March 2021

Significance
RNA triple helices were characterized in vitro over 60 y ago, but only recently implicated in diverse biological activities. The element for nuclear expression (ENE) protects RNA from degradation via triplex formation with the poly(A) tail on the 3ʹ ends of cellular RNAs. ENEs appear in diverse genomes, including a category containing two ENEs separated by a double-stranded region (dENEs). Using structure probing, SAXS, and cryo-EM, we show that poly(A) binding to a rice dENE induces local conformational changes, like formation of a motif that protects the extreme 3ʹ end of the poly(A). These analyses support the relevance of the recent crystal structure of the dENE+poly(A) complex and demonstrate the applicability of other techniques for understanding relatively small RNA structures.
Fabrication of pn junction arrays with highly successful grown n-Si microneedles by using low temperature VLS method
Authors: Islam Md. Shofiqul , Hussain Mohammad Asif , Alkhateeb Abdulhameed Fouad 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Arrays of pn junctions have been fabricated with n-Si microneedles. In situ doping vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) growth has been carried out with p-Si substrate having metallic catalyst (Au) dots on its surface, using Si2H6 and PH3 for supplying Si and phosphorus to fabricate n-Si microneedles on the surface of p-Si substrate in vertical direction; thus, pn junctions have been fabricated at microneedle-substrate interface. These n-Si microneedles have been grown at the temperature of 680 °C, which is about 420 °C less than the temperature (at least 1100 °C) required by conventional diffusion method of doping. In this work, n-Si microneedles have been successfully fabricated with 100% yield, the highest success ever for n-type VLS growth in micro range. The position and size of these n-Si microneedles are controllable. These n-Si microneedles are highly conductive. Physical and electrical characteristics of n-Si microneedles have been investigated by varying Au dot size and the level of phosphorus doping. The properties of interface pn junction have been investigated and compared with standard diode characteristics and theoretical results. Highly conductive n-Si microneedle arrays, embedded with interface pn junctions, might be used for collecting and processing bio-signals, profiling temperature/pressure inside living cells and many other sensor applications.
NO PLIF flow visualization and time-resolved temperature distributions in laser induced breakdown plumes
Authors: van den Bekerom D C M , Jans E R , Adamovich I V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
NO planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) is used to obtain images of laser-induced breakdown plasma plumes in NO-seeded nitrogen and dry air at near atmospheric pressure. Single-shot PLIF-images show that the plume development 5–50 μs after the breakdown pulse is fairly reproducible shot-to-shot, although the plume becomes increasingly stochastic on longer timescales, 100–500 μs. The stochastic behavior of the plume is quantified using probability distributions of the loci of the plume boundary. Analysis of the single-shot images indicates that the mixing of the plume with ambient gas on sub-ms time scale is insignificant. The induced flow velocity in the plume is fairly low, up to 30 m s−1, suggesting that laser breakdowns are ineffective for mixing enhancement in high speed flows. The ensemble-averaged PLIF images indicate the evolution of the plume from an initially elongated shape to near-spherical to toroidal shape, with a subsequent radial expansion and formation of an axial jet in the center. Temperature distributions in the plume in air are obtained from the NO PLIF images, using two rotational transitions in the NO(X, v′ = 0 → A, v″ = 0) band, J″ = 6.5 and 12.5 of the QR12 + Q2 branch. The results indicate that the temperature in the plume remains high, above 1000 K, for approximately 100 μs, after which it decays gradually, to below 500 K at 500 μs. The residual NO fraction in the plume is ∼0.1%, indicating that repetitive laser-assisted ignition may result in significant NO-generation. These measured temperature and velocity distributions can be used for detailed validation of kinetic models of laser-induced breakdown and assessment of their predictive capability.
Enhanced photocatalytic performance of Cu2O/MoS2/ZnO composites on Cu mesh substrate for nitrogen reduction
Authors: Su Qian , Wang Weiwen , Zhang Zisheng , Duan Jihai 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Cu2O nanoparticles and MoS2 nanoflowers decorated with ZnO nanospheres were successfully co-deposited on Cu mesh via a mild electrodeposition method to build a dual direct Z-scheme heterostructure. The prepared materials can effectively synthesize ammonia with N2 and H2O in the liquid membrane reactor under simulated visible light. The results indicate that 3D nanomaterials exhibit better performance compared to a pure semiconductor due to the synergistic effect of enhanced visible light absorption, longer photogenerated carrier lifetime and the specific charge transfer path of dual direct Z-scheme structure. Meanwhile, the hydrophilicity of Cu2O/MoS2/ZnO rapidly makes the surface of the catalyst wet when it participates in the photo reaction, which promotes the contact between the reactant and exciton. This work proposes the electron transfer and possible reaction mechanism corresponding to the designed catalyst, which can provide a reference for other photocatalytic applications using a semiconductor heterojunction as a catalyst.
High-performance MoO
x
/n-Si heterojunction NIR photodetector with aluminum oxide as a tunneling passivation interlayer
Authors: Xu Yajun , Shen Honglie , Xu Binbin , Wang Zehui , Li Yufang , Lai Binkang , Zhang Jingzhe 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The most effective and potential approach to improve the performance of heterojunction photodetectors is to obtain favorable interfacial passivation by adding an insertion layer. In this paper, MoO
x
/Al2O3/n-Si heterojunction photodetectors with excellent photocurrents, responsivity and detectivity were fabricated, in which alumina acts as a tunneling passivation layer. By optimizing the post-annealing treatment temperature of the MoO
x
and the thickness of the ultra-thin Al2O3, the photodetector achieved a ratio of photocurrent to dark current of 3.1 × 105, a photoresponsivity of 7.11 A W−1 (@980 nm) and a detective of 9.85 × 1012 Jones at −5 V bias. Besides, a self-driven response of 0.17 A W−1 and a high photocurrent/dark current ratio of 2.07 × 104 were obtained. The result demonstrated that optimizing the interface of heterojunctions is a promising way to obtain a heterojunction photodetector with high-performance.