bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A quality optimization approach to image Achilles tendon microstructure by phase-contrast enhanced synchrotron micro-tomography
Authors: Pierantoni Maria , Silva Barreto Isabella , Hammerman Malin , Verhoeven Lissa , Törnquist Elin , Novak Vladimir , Mokso Rajmund , Eliasson Pernilla , Isaksson Hanna 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAchilles tendons are mechanosensitive, and their complex hierarchical structure is in part the result of the mechanical stimulation conveyed by the muscles. To fully understand how their microstructure responds to mechanical loading a non-invasive approach for 3D high resolution imaging suitable for soft tissue is required. Here we propose a protocol that can capture the complex 3D organization of the Achilles tendon microstructure, using phase-contrast enhanced synchrotron micro-tomography (SR-PhC-μCT). We investigate the effects that sample preparation and imaging conditions have on the resulting image quality, by considering four types of sample preparations and two imaging setups (sub-micrometric and micrometric final pixel sizes). The image quality is assessed using four quantitative parameters. The results show that for studying tendon collagen fibers, conventional invasive sample preparations such as fixation and embedding are not necessary or advantageous. Instead, fresh frozen samples result in high-quality images that capture the complex 3D organization of tendon fibers in conditions as close as possible to natural. The comprehensive nature of this innovative study by SR-PhC-μCT breaks ground for future studies of soft complex biological tissue in 3D with high resolution in close to natural conditions, which could be further used for in situ characterization of how soft tissue responds to mechanical stimuli on a microscopic level.
Patients with tinnitus use more primary healthcare compared to people without tinnitus
Authors: Rademaker Maaike Maartje , Stegeman Inge , Hooiveld Mariette , Stokroos Robert Jan , Smit Adriana Leni 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTinnitus is a heterogeneous condition not only in terms of nature of the sound, but also in co-morbidities such as mental health issues. Prevalence number range widely between 5 and 43%. Even though the etiologic pathway between tinnitus and its comorbidities remains unclear, in this study we aim to assess whether people with tinnitus use more primary health care than people without tinnitus. To compare primary healthcare consumption between patients with tinnitus and people without tinnitus. In this cross-sectional study, data on number of consultations with the general practitioner or nurse practitioner mental health services were obtained from Nivel (Netherlands Institute for Health Service Research) Primary Care Database in 2018 (n = 963,880 people). People with an open tinnitus episode (n = 8050) were defined as a patient with tinnitus and compared to all other people. Percentages, means, ranges and mean differences were calculated for the total number of consultations and for organ specific diagnoses registered as ICPC-1 code on the day of consultation. Secondary, the total number of referrals to medical specialists and number of drug prescriptions was collected. Logistic regressions were performed to predict having one or more contacts, referrals, and prescriptions,with having tinnitus, this was corrected for age and gender. Patients with tinnitus had a mean of 9.8 (SD 10.9) primary care consultations in 2018, compared to 5.7 (SD 7.9) for people without tinnitus. More patients with tinnitus had more than one referral to medical specialists (47%) compared to people without tinnitus (25%). Patients with tinnitus have 1.2 (mean difference) more drug prescriptions than people without tinnitus. Compared to people without tinnitus, patients with tinnitus were more likely to have one or more of primary healthcare contact, independent of age group and gender. Patients with tinnitus had more consultations in primary health care than people without tinnitus. They are more often referred to medical specialists and receive more drug prescriptions. The causal relationship between tinnitus and the higher healthcare consumption remains to be researched.
Dietary supplementation of β-conglycinin, with or without sodium butyrate on the growth, immune response and intestinal health of hybrid grouper
Authors: Yin Bin , Liu Hongyu , Tan Beiping , Dong Xiaohui , Chi Shuyan , Yang Qihui , Zhang Shuang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe investigated the effects of low and high doses of β-conglycinin and the ameliorative effects of sodium butyrate (based on high-dose β-conglycinin) on the growth performance, serum immunity, distal intestinal histopathology, and gene, protein expression related to intestinal health in hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂). The results revealed that the instantaneous growth rate (IGR) of grouper significantly increased, decreased, and increased in the low-dose β-conglycinin (bL), high-level β-conglycinin (bH) and high-level β-conglycinin plus sodium butyrate (bH-NaB), respectively. The feed coefficient ratio (FCR) was significantly increased in the bH and bH-NaB, serum levels of IFN-γ, IL-1β, and TNF-α were upregulated in the bH. The intestinal diameter/fold height ratio was significantly increased in the bH. Furthermore, there were increases in nitric oxide (NO), total nitric oxide synthase (total NOS), and peroxynitrite anion (ONOO−) in the bH, and decreases in total NOS and ONOO− in the bH-NaB. In the distal intestine, IL-1β and TGF-β1 mRNA levels were downregulated and upregulated, respective in the bL. The mRNA levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were upregulated in the bH, and downregulated in the bH-NaB, respectively. Occludin, claudin3 and ZO-3 mRNA levels were upregulated in the bL, downregulated in the bH and then upregulated in the bH-NaB. No significant differences were observed in the mRNA levels of IFN-γ and jam4. And the p-PI3K p85Tyr458/total PI3K p85 value was significantly increased in the bH and then decreased in the bH-NaB, and the total Akt value was significantly increased in the bH. These indicate β-conglycinin has a regulatory effect on serum immunity and affect distal intestinal development by modulating distal intestinal injury-related parameters. Within the distal intestinal tract, low- and high-dose β-conglycinin differentially affect immune responses and tight junctions in the distal intestine, which eventually manifests as a reduction in growth performance. Supplementing feed with sodium butyrate might represent an effective approach for enhancing serum immunity, and protects the intestines from damage caused by high-dose β-conglycinin.
Using plant physiological stable oxygen isotope models to counter food fraud
Authors: Cueni Florian , Nelson Daniel B. , Boner Markus , Kahmen Ansgar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFraudulent food products, especially regarding false claims of geographic origin, impose economic damages of $30–$40 billion per year. Stable isotope methods, using oxygen isotopes (δ18O) in particular, are the leading forensic tools for identifying these crimes. Plant physiological stable oxygen isotope models simulate how precipitation δ18O values and climatic variables shape the δ18O values of water and organic compounds in plants. These models have the potential to simplify, speed up, and improve conventional stable isotope applications and produce temporally resolved, accurate, and precise region-of-origin assignments for agricultural food products. However, the validation of these models and thus the best choice of model parameters and input variables have limited the application of the models for the origin identification of food. In our study we test model predictions against a unique 11-year European strawberry δ18O reference dataset to evaluate how choices of input variable sources and model parameterization impact the prediction skill of the model. Our results show that modifying leaf-based model parameters specifically for fruit and with product-independent, but growth time specific environmental input data, plant physiological isotope models offer a new and dynamic method that can accurately predict the geographic origin of a plant product and can advance the field of stable isotope analysis to counter food fraud.
Incidence of and risk factors for new-onset deep venous thrombosis after intertrochanteric fracture surgery
Authors: Zhao Kuo , Zhang Junzhe , Li Junyong , Meng Hongyu , Hou Zhiyong , Zhang Yingze 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the incidence of and risk factors for postoperative new-onset deep venous thrombosis (PNO-DVT) following intertrochanteric fracture surgery. Information on 1672 patients who underwent intertrochanteric fracture surgery at our hospital between January 2016 and December 2019 was extracted from a prospective hip fracture database. Demographic information, surgical data, and preoperative laboratory indices were analysed. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, univariate analyses and binary logistic regression analyses were performed. The incidences of postoperative deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and PNO-DVT in inpatients after intertrochanteric fracture surgery were 11.5% (202 of 1751 patients) and 7.4% (123 of 1672 patients), respectively. PNO-DVT accounted for 60.9% of postoperative DVT. Additionally, there were 20 cases of central thrombosis (16.3%), 82 cases of peripheral thrombosis (66.7%), and 21 cases of mixed thrombosis (17.1%). In addition, 82.1% of PNO-DVTs were diagnosed within 8 days after surgery. The multivariate analysis revealed that age > 70 years, duration of surgery (> 197 min), type of anaesthesia (general), and comorbidities (≥ 3) were independent risk factors for the development of PNO-DVT after intertrochanteric fracture surgery. This study demonstrated a high incidence of PNO-DVT in inpatients after intertrochanteric fracture surgery. Therefore, postoperative examination for DVT should be routinely conducted for patients.
Effects of order on memory of event times
Authors: Naim Michelangelo , Katkov Mikhail , Tsodyks Misha 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMemorizing time of an event may employ two processes (1) encoding of the absolute time of events within an episode, (2) encoding of its relative order. Here we study interaction between these two processes. We performed experiments in which one or several items were presented, after which participants were asked to report the time of occurrence of items. When a single item was presented, the distribution of reported times was quite wide. When two or three items were presented, the relative order among them strongly affected the reported time of each of them. Bayesian theory that takes into account the memory for the events order is compatible with the experimental data, in particular in terms of the effect of order on absolute time reports. Our results suggest that people do not deduce order from memorized time, instead people’s memory for absolute time of events relies critically on memorized order of the events.
Seroprevalence and molecular diversity of Human Herpesvirus 8 among people living with HIV in Brazzaville, Congo
Authors: Malonga Gervillien Arnold , Jary Aude , Leducq Valentin , Moudiongui Mboungou Malanda Dimitry , Boumba Anicet Luc Magloire , Chicaud Elodie , Malet Isabelle , Calvez Vincent , Peko Jean Felix , Marcelin Anne-Geneviève 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHuman herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) is endemic in Africa, although studies of this infection are rare in Congo. We evaluated seroprevalence and HHV-8 diversity among people living with HIV. We included 353 patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Antibodies against HHV-8 latency-associated nuclear antigen were detected by indirect immunofluorescence. In HHV-8 positive patients, we performed HHV-8 quantification in blood and saliva by real-time PCR and typing by Sanger sequencing of K1 open reading frame. HHV-8 seroprevalence was 19%, being male (odd ratio [OR] = 1.741, [95% Confidence interval {CI}, 0.97–3.07];p = 0.0581) and having multiple sex partners before HIV diagnosis (OR = 1.682, [CI 95%, 0.97–2.92];p = 0.0629) tended to be associated with HHV-8 seropositivity. Of the 64 HHV-8 seropositive patients, HHV-8 DNA was detected in 10 (16%) in saliva, 6 (9%) in whole-blood and in 2 (3%) in both whole-blood and saliva. Three out of 6 HHV-8 strains were subtypes A5, 2 subtype B1 and 1 subtype C. HHV-8 seroprevalence was relatively low with more frequent carriage in men, associated with asymptomatic oral excretion and a predominance of subtype A5. These data tend to support the hypothesis of horizontal transmission in people living with HIV in Brazzaville.
Persistent fluid flows defined by active matter boundaries
Authors: Qu Zijie , Schildknecht Dominik , Shadkhoo Shahriar , Amaya Enrique , Jiang Jialong , Lee Heun Jin , Larios David , Yang Fan , Phillips Rob , Thomson Matt 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBiological systems control ambient fluids through the self-organization of active protein structures, including flagella, cilia, and cytoskeletal networks. Self-organization of protein components enables the control and modulation of fluid flow fields on micron scales, however, the physical principles underlying the organization and control of active-matter-driven fluid flows are poorly understood. Here, we use an optically-controlled active-matter system composed of microtubule filaments and light-switchable kinesin motor proteins to analyze the emergence of persistent flow fields. Using light, we form contractile microtubule networks of varying size and shape, and demonstrate that the geometry of microtubule flux at the corners of contracting microtubule networks predicts the architecture of fluid flow fields across network geometries through a simple point force model. Our work provides a foundation for programming microscopic fluid flows with controllable active matter and could enable the engineering of versatile and dynamic microfluidic devices.
Multi‐objective optimisation of the HSPMM rotor based on the multi‐physics surrogate model
Authors: Dai Rui , Zhang Yue , Wang Tianyu , Zhang Fengge , Gerada Chris , Zhang Yuan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHigh‐speed permanent magnetic machine (HSPMM) is attracting more attention due to its high power density, compact size, small rotating inertia, and rapid response capability. However, the design of the HSPMM rotor is a non‐linear, multi‐physics coupled process that makes it difficult to build an accurate mathematical model for optimisation. This study proposes a multi‐objective optimisation method based on the multi‐physics surrogate model (MPSM). This method uses an MPSM to replace the finite element model (FEM) for optimisation, which can effectively solve the problem of non‐convergence and time consumption of the traditional FEM in the optimisation process. Finally, a 1.1 MW, 18,000 r/min HSPMM is produced and related experiments are carried out; the feasibility of the method proposed in this study for HSPMM optimisation is verified.
Analysis and detection of turn‐to‐turn short circuit fault in a permanent magnet Vernier generator based on modified winding function
Authors: Arianborna MohammadHossein , Faiz Jawad , Ghods Mehrage , Bazrafshan MohammadAmin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOperation of Vernier machines is based on flux modulation. They have some advantages including maintaining the rated torque in motor applications and the rated output power in generator applications at low speeds, high torque density and relatively low torque ripple due to their magnetic gear property and fault‐tolerance. In recent years, the motor with various topologies has been developed for different applications. Therefore, analysing and monitoring different faults is essential in the design and implementation stages. This study has two main purposes. First, to introduce an accurate frequency index independent of load variations for detecting the turn‐to‐turn short circuit (TTSC) faults in the stator windings of a permanent magnet Vernier machine. Second, modelling the machine in a healthy condition and in the presence of TTSC faults to investigate its effect on machine performance and output characteristics. An analytical model is presented using the modified winding function theory under the TTSC fault by taking into account the effect of stator slots which enhances the accuracy of the air‐gap permeance function estimation. In the process of calculating the fault index, frequency components of the output characteristics of the machine are obtained from the mathematical equations of the magnetic field. It is shown that the proposed indicators are robust against load variations.
Der selbständige freiberufliche Vertragsarzt in der BAG
Authors: Meschke Andreas 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungNach Erläuterung der wesentlichen Begriffe der Berufsausübungsgemeinschaft (BAG) sowie der selbständigen und freiberuflichen Tätigkeit des Vertragsarztes werden die Leitentscheidungen des Bundessozialgerichts (BSG) und des Bundesfinanzhofs (BFH) zur Vertragsgestaltung innerhalb der BAG dargestellt: Ein Vertragsarzt übt keine „freie Praxis“ aus, wenn er weder das wirtschaftliche Risiko (mit)trägt noch am Praxiswert beteiligt ist; daraus folgt, dass der Gesellschafter einer BAG von Anfang an sowohl am Gewinn als auch am Verlust beteiligt sein muss (BSG). Eine Mitunternehmerstellung bei eingeschränktem Mitunternehmerrisiko liegt nur vor, wenn eine ausgeprägte Mitunternehmerinitiative vorliegt (BFH). Die Einhaltung der BSG-Vorgaben bewirkt, dass die steuerrechtlich notwendige Mitunternehmerschaft ebenfalls besteht. Die auf der Leistungserbringung der Gesellschafter beruhende Vertragsgestaltung sollte Standardklauseln (z. B. zur selbständigen und eigenverantwortlichen, weisungsfreien ärztlichen Tätigkeit) sowie passende Regelungen zum Gewinn und Verlust sowie zur immateriellen Vermögensbeteiligung berücksichtigen.
In vitro Comparison of Adipogenic Differentiation in Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Cultured with Collagen Gel and Platelet-Rich Fibrin
Authors: Priyadarshini Pallavi , Samuel Soumi , Kurkalli Basan Gowda , Kumar Chethan , Kumar Basavarajappa Mohana , Shetty Nikhil , Shetty Veena , Vishwanath Karthik 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are the most preferred cell type, based on their phenotypic characteristics, plasticity, and favorable immunological properties for applications in soft-tissue augmentation. Hence, the present in vitro study was aimed to evaluate the adipogenic differentiation potential of human ADSCs upon culturing individually with collagen gel and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF).
Materials and methods: The collected lipoaspirate was used for establishing ADSCs using enzymatic digestion method. Then, the cells were analyzed for their morphology, viability, proliferation rate, population doubling time (PDT), colony-forming ability, cell surface markers expression, and osteogenic differentiation as biological properties. Further, ADSCs were evaluated for their adipogenicity using induction media alone, and by culturing with collagen gel and PRF individually for prospective tissue augmentation.
Results: ADSCs were successfully established in vitro and exhibited a fibroblast-like morphology throughout the culture period. Cells had higher viability, proliferation potential and showed their ability to form colonies. The positive expression of cell surface markers and osteogenic ability confirmed the potency of ADSCs. The ADSCs cultured on collagen gel and PRF, individually, showed higher number of differentiated adipocytes than ADSCs grown with adipogenic induction medium alone.
Conclusion: The extent of lipid accumulation by ADSCs was slightly higher when cultured on collagen gel than on PRF. Additional experiments are required to confirm better suitability of scaffold materials for soft-tissue regeneration.
Ontology Engineering for Gastric Dystemperament in Persian Medicine
Authors: Shojaee-Mend Hassan , Ayatollahi Haleh , Abdolahadi Azam 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjective Developing an ontology can help collecting and sharing information in traditional medicine including Persian medicine in a well-defined format. The present study aimed to develop an ontology for gastric dystemperament in the Persian medicine.Methods This was a mixed-methods study conducted in 2019. The first stage was related to providing an ontology requirements specification document. In the second stage, important terms, concepts, and their relationships were identified via literature review and expert panels. Then, the results derived from the second stage were refined and validated using the Delphi method in three rounds. Finally, in the fourth stage, the ontology was evaluated in terms of consistency and coherence.Results In this study, 241 concepts related to different types of gastric dystemperament, diagnostic criteria, and treatments in the Persian medicine were identified through literature review and expert panels, and 12 new concepts were suggested during the Delphi study. In total, after performing three rounds of the Delphi study, 233 concepts were identified. Finally, an ontology was developed with 71 classes, and the results of the evaluation study revealed that the ontology was consistent and coherent.Conclusion In this study, an ontology was created for gastric dystemperament in the Persian medicine. This ontology can be used for designing future systems, such as case-based reasoning and expert systems. Moreover, the use of other evaluation methods is suggested to construct a more complete and precise ontology.
Targeted individuals
Authors: Buts Jan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This article argues that researchers in Translation Studies may proactively aim to understand the consequences of
an envisaged merger between targeted advertising and automated translation. Functional translation software is widely available
online, and several platforms now perform instant translation, sometimes without asking the user whether this is required. Indeed,
the user’s main language is known to various applications, which keep track of this information along with other settings and
preferences. Data tracking is commonly used to produce targeted advertising: people receive commercial information about products
they are likely to be interested in. If text can instantly be altered according to a user’s linguistic preferences, it can also be
altered according to aesthetic, commercial, or political preferences. The article discusses theoretical and ideological aspects of
the sociotechnical evolution towards the production and consumption of personalised content, highlighting the role translation may
come to play.
Distortion mapping correction in the AIMS primary mirror testing by a computer-generated hologram
Authors: E Ke-Wei , Zhao Jian-Ke , Wang Bo , Wang Dong-Guang , Shen Yu-Liang , Fu Xin , Xu Song-Bo , Li Jing , Xue Xun , Chang Ming , Zhou Yan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The National Solar Observatory is currently developing the Accurate Infrared Magnetic Field Measurements of the Sun (AIMS). The primary mirror of the AIMS solar telescope is an off-axis parabolic with a diameter of 1 m and with a large off-axis amount of 1 m. Due to the surface figure of the primary mirror under the used state is directly related to image quality of the whole system, a computer-generated hologram (CGH) is carried out to test the primary mirror, and the test results are used to polish the mirror to a higher surface accuracy. However, the fact that the distortion exists in the testing results leads to the failure of a further guide to deterministic optical processing. In this paper, a distortion correction method is proposed, which uses an orthogonal set of vector polynomials to mapping the coordinates of the mirror and the pixels of fringes, and then an interpolation method is adopted to obtain the corrected results. The testing accuracy by using CGH is also verified by an auto-collimate test experiment. According to the distorted corrected results, the root-mean-square of the surface figure is about 1/50λ (λ = 632.8 nm) after polishing.