bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contractions dynamic of “fast” and “slow” rat muscle under spinal shock and modulators of contraction
Authors: Valiullin V V , Khairullin A E , Eremeev A A , Teplov A Yu , Shaikhutdinova A R , Kashtanov N M , Grishin S N 
Published: June 2021

Aim. To study the dynamics of neuromotor regulation of the contractile function of fast and slow muscles in rodents during spinal shock by spinal cord transection at the level Тh11Тh12.
Methods. The experiments were carried out on laboratory rats weighing 140180 g. The animals were divided into two groups: Control (8 rats) and Spinal shock (6 rats). The lower leg muscles, m. soleus and m. extensor digitorum longus (m. EDL), were dissected by partially isolating without disrupting the connection with the body's circulatory system. The sciatic nerve was stimulated with single electrical impulses (10 V, 0.5 ms). Contractions of both muscles caused by electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve before and after the injection of the substances into the femoral artery tubocurarine (1 mM) or norepinephrine (10 mM) were recorded in animals of both groups. After spinalization, muscle contractions were re-recorded during electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve before and 10 minutes after the injection of tubocurarine or noradrenaline into the femoral artery in the same concentrations.
Results. After spinalization of the animal, the contraction force of the muscle m. EDL fibers increased to 0.430.03 g (p=0.040), but the temporal parameters remained unchanged. M. soleus, on the contrary, showed a decrease in the contraction time to 0.0530.005 s (p=0.045), and no change in the contraction force was observed under these conditions. Intra-arterial administration of norepinephrine in the control group resulted in an increase of m. soleus contractions up to 1.210.17 g (p=0.048), and m. EDL up to 0.570.07 g (p=0.043). The administration of norepinephrine in spinalized animals caused an increase in the contraction of m. soleus up to 1.210.09 g (p=0.047), and m. EDL up to 0.660.05 g (p=0.043). The blocker of postsynaptic cholinergic receptors tubocurarine administration reduced the force of contraction of both muscle types in both control [m. soleus up to 0.390.03 g (p=0.039), m. EDL up to 0.110.02 g (p=0.042)] and spinalized [m. soleus up to 0.340.05 g (p=0.039), m. EDL up to 0.150.04 g (p=0.040)] animals.
Conclusion. The data obtained demonstrate the presence of significant differences in the mechanisms of control of contractile activity in the fast and slow skeletal muscles of warm-blooded animals; the persistence of the similar effect of the basic modulators on the contraction of both muscles with such a striking reaction to spinalization highlights the contribution of neurotrophic control to the functioning of fast and slow motor units.
Features of the Development and Application of Diagnostic ELISA Systems for the Detection of Antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus in Clinical Practice
Authors: Zagoruyko Elena I. , Kudlay Dmitriy A. , Lysenko Maryana A. , Fomina Darya S. , Vinogradov Ilya V. , Bogachev Vladislav V. , Starostenko Alena A. 
Published: June 2021

Introduction. The new coronavirus infection, COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2 has reached the scale of a pandemic. Detection of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 is an aid in the diagnosis of COVID-19, and is also used to assess the immune response to the infection. Since COVID-19 is a new disease, seroconversions and kinetics of antibody to SARS-CoV-2 are not well understood.
The aim of the study is to evaluate seroconversions and kinetics of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 (IgA, IgM, IgG and total) in real clinical practice using test systems of national production.
Materials and methods. 327 blood samples obtained from patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 with active infection, convalescents and healthy donors were analyzed. Detection of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 was carried out by enzyme immunoassay method using registered test systems Antigma-A, Antigma-G, Antigma-Screen and an unregistered test system for the detection of class M immunoglobulins.
Results. When testing for total antibodies, 50.0% of samples were positive on days 1-7; 89.4% on days 8-14; 96.2% on days 15-45; and 93.3% after the 46th day after disease onset. The earliest seroconversions occurred on the 3rd day; antibodies were detected up to 81 days after the disease onset.
Conclusions. The frequency of detecting seroconversions when using test systems of the Antigma series in real clinical practice is comparable to the data published in the world scientific literature and is high enough to use these test systems in the COVID-19 diagnostics.
Anti-cytokine effects of chalcon analogues in experimental "cytokine storm" in rats
Authors: Chernikov Maksim V. , Pozdnyakov Dmitriy I. , Rukovitsina Victoria M. , Oganesyan Eduard T. 
Published: June 2021

The aim of the study was to evaluate the anti-cytokine effects of chalcon analogues in an experimental cytokine storm.
Materials and methods. The cytokine storm was modeled in rats by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide at a dose of 10 mg / kg. The test compounds and the reference drug dexamethasone were administered intraperitoneal 60 minutes after lipopolysaccharide injection at doses of 20 mg / kg and 3 mg / kg, respectively. After 24 hours, changes of the cytokines concentration in blood serum (IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-), body temperature, and the severity of pulmonary edema were evaluated.
Results. In the study, it was found that the administration of all the test-compounds reduced symptoms of hypercytokinemia, reflected in the decrease in the concentration of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, and TNF- with high content of IL-10 in serum. At the same time, the body temperature and pulmonary edema in rats against the background of the injection of the test chalcon analogues relative to animals that did not receive pharmacological support also decreased. Against the background of the administration of dexamethasone to animals, the concentration of IL-6, IL-1 and TNF- decreased by 25.0% (p 0.05); 44.1% (p 0.05) and 33.3% (p 0.05), as well as an increase in the content of IL-10 by 60.0% (p 0.05), with a decrease in pulmonary edema and body temperature. It should be noted that there were no statistically significant differences between the groups of animals that were received the studied chalcon analogues and the reference drug.
Conclusion. The study showed the relevance of further study of representatives of a number of chalcon derivatives as non-hormonal means of correcting the cytokine storm with a high therapeutic potential.
Perancangan Desain Web sebagai Media Interaktif Nusantara Wedding Expo
Authors: Wulaningratri Gabrielle Princessa , Wardhana Mitra Istiar , Hermanto Yon Ade Lose 
Published: June 2021

Abstract: Nusantara Wedding Expo is one of the businesses that has been affected by the Minister of Health regulation during the COVID-19 pandemic. So that the exhibition can be held safely, interactive media is required to connect wedding businesses with the bride and groom. Therefore, a website is chosen as the media for the virtual exhibition, as it can provide what the user needs and can be accessed easily. The purpose of this design is to create web-based media that can be used as a tool for the virtual exhibition of the Nusantara Wedding Expo. This design uses Suyanto’s design method, with the stages of formulating the background, formulating problems, collecting data from library data to field data, analyzing data, making syntheses, determining site goals, making work schedules, sitemap, sketches to producing the final design. The result of this design is interactive media in the form of a website. This website has a dimension of 1366 x 768 px with some supporting media such as video tutorials on how to use the website and a banner on digital media.
Keywords: web design; interactive media; wedding expo
Abstrak: Nusantara Wedding Expo adalah salah satu bisnis yang terdampak oleh peraturan dari Menteri Kesehatan tentang PSBB di tengah pandemi COVID-19. Supaya pameran tetap dapat diselenggarakan secara aman, penyelenggara Nusantara Wedding Expo memerlukan sebuah media interaktif untuk menghubungkan bisnis pernikahan dan para calon pengantin. Maka dari itu situs web dipilih agar dapat memenuhi kebutuhan pengunjung serta dapat diakses dengan mudah dan aman. Dari tujuan tersebut, perancangan ini berfungsi untuk membuat media berbentuk situs web yang dapat digunakan sebagai sarana pameran virtual Nusantara Wedding Expo. Perancangan ini menggunakan metode perancangan Suyanto, dengan tahapan berupa merumuskan latar belakang, merumuskan masalah, mengumpulkan data dari data pustaka dan data lapangan, menganalisis data, membuat sintesis, menentukan tujuan situs, membuat jadwal kerja, sitemap, sketsa hingga menghasilkan desain final. Hasil dari perancangan ini adalah media interaktif berupa situs web untuk pameran virtual Nusantara Wedding Expo. Situs web ini berdimensi 1366 x 768 px dan dilengkapi dengan media pendukung berupa video tutorial cara penggunaan situs web serta banner pada media digital.
Kata kunci: desain web, media interaktif, pameran pernikahan
Conceptual Metaphor Analysis of Donald Trump's Recognition of Jerusalem in Al Jazeera's News Articles
Authors: Sari Fibrie Permata , Cahyono Bambang Yudi , Apriana Aulia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract: This study investigates the conceptual metaphor of Donald Trump’s recognition of Jerusalem as the capital of Israel in Al-Jazeera’s news articles which were published online through its website. To achieve the objective of this study, the researcher referred to the general notion of metaphor and Lakoff and Johnson’s Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT). Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the researcher obtained 10 news articles reporting about the topic. However, 6 articles were randomly picked to be examined further. Two stages of Charteris-Black’s method (2004) namely Identification and Interpretation were adopted to examine the data. MIP were employed in the Identification stage to determine which lexical units were metaphorical. The results show that there are 4 conceptual metaphors which represent the US recognition of Jerusalem as the capital of Israel. From the results of the present study, it can be concluded that Donald Trump’s recognition of Jerusalem is conceptualized into different kinds of domain. Regarding the theoretical framework, it can also be concluded that both frameworks provide a foundation in understanding the application of metaphors in news articles.
Keywords: conceptual metaphor, Donald Trump’s recognition of Jerusalem, Al-Jazeera, news articles
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki metafora konseptual tentang pengakuan Donald Trump atas kota Yerusalem sebagai ibu kota Israel pada artikel berita yang dipublikasikan oleh situs web Al-Jazeera. Beberapa teori seperti teori umum metafora dan Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) dijadikan sebagai acuan untuk mencapai tujuan penelitian. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif, 10 artikel berita dengan topik terkait kemudian dikumpulkan sebagai data. Enam artikel berita diambil secara acak untuk dianalisis lebih dalam. Dua tahap analisis, yaitu Identification dan Interpretation dari Metode Charteris-Black (2004), dipakai untuk menganalisis data penelitian. Pada tahap Identification, prosedur MIP digunakan untuk menganalisis unit leksikal mana yang termasuk metaforik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada 4 konseptual metafora yang merepresentasikan pengakuan Donald Trump atas Yerusalem sebagai ibukota dari Israel. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengakuan Donald Trump atas Yerusalem dikonseptualisasikan ke dalam domain yang berbeda-beda. Mengenai hubungannya dengan kerangka teori, teori umum metafora dan Conceptual Metaphor Theory keduanya memberikan landasan dalam memahami aplikasi metafora dalam artikel berita.
Kata kunci: metafora konseptual, pengakuan Donald Trump atas Yerusalem, Al-Jazeera, artikel berita
iPads in the classroom: teachers’ perspectives post-implementation
Authors: Miles Rob 
Published: June 2021

This small-scale qualitative case study aimed to investigate English language teachers’ perceptions of the impact of iPads in classrooms in ideal, actual and realistic terms. The study took place at the end of a five-year initiative that saw iPads introduced to English Language classrooms in a UAE Federal Institution. The investigation was carried out from a constructivist epistemology perspective using observations and interviews, analysed through the lens of the SAMR Model (Puentedura, 2010). While curriculum constraints limited the impact in this initiative, the device has the potential to engage students in collaborative tasks and assist in classroom management. A potential two-dimensional SAMR model is proposed, as are opportunities for further research.
ﺗﮭ د ف د را ﺳﺔ اﻟ ﺣﺎﻟ ﺔ اﻟﻧ وﻋﯾ ﺔ اﻟ ﻣ ﺻ ﻐرة ھذه إﻟ ﻰ اﻟﺑ ﺣ ث ﻓ ﻲ ﺗ ﺻ ورا ت ﻣﻌﻠ ﻣ ﻲ اﻟﻠ ﻐﺔ ا ﻹﻧ ﺟﻠﯾ زﯾ ﺔ ﺣول ﺗﺄﺛﯾ ر ا ﻷﺟﮭزة اﻟﻠ وﺣﯾ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻔ ﺻ ول اﻟد ر ا ﺳ ﯾ ﺔ ﺑ ﺻ و ر ة ﻣﺛﺎﻟﯾ ﺔ و و اﻗ ﻌﯾ ﺔ و ﺣ ﻘﯾﻘﯾ ﺔ. و ﻗد ﺑﻧﯾ ت ھ ذه اﻟد ر ا ﺳ ﺔ ﻋ ﻠ ﻰ ﻣﻧ ظ و ر ﻧ ظ ر ﯾ ﺔ اﻟﻣﻌر ﻓﺔ اﻟ ﺑﻧﺎﺋﯾ ﺔ ﺑﺎ ﺳ ﺗ ﺧ دا م اﻟﻣ ﻼ ﺣ ظ ﺎ ت و اﻟﻣﻘﺎﺑ ﻼ ت ، وا ﻟﺗ ﻲ ﺗم ﺗ ﺣﻠﯾﻠ ﮭﺎ ﻣ ن ﺧﻼل ﻋد ﺳﺔ ﻧ ﻣوذ ج SAMR .(Puentedura, 2010) ( ﻓﺑﺎﻟ رﻏم ﻣ ن أ ن ﻗﯾ ود اﻟ ﻣﻧﺎ ھﺞ ﺣد ت ﻣ ن ﺗﺄﺛﯾ ر ا ﻷﺟﮭزة اﻟﻠ و ﺣ ﯾ ﺔ إ ﻻ أ ن ﻟ دﯾ ﮭﺎ اﻟ ﻘد ر ة ﻋ ﻠ ﻰ إ ﺷ ر ا ك اﻟط ﻼ ب ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻣﮭﺎم اﻟ ﺗ ﻌﺎ و ﻧﯾ ﺔ و اﻟﻣ ﺳ ﺎ ﻋ دة ﻓ ﻲ إ دا ر ة اﻟ ﻔ ﺻ و ل اﻟد ر ا ﺳ ﯾ ﺔ. ﺗﻘﺗ ر ح ھ ذه اﻟد ر ا ﺳ ﺔ ﻧ ﻣو ذ ج SAMR ذو أﺑ ﻌﺎد ﺛﻧﺎﺋﯾﺔ، ﺑﺎ ﻹ ﺿ ﺎﻓﺔ إﻟ ﻰ ﻓ ر ص ﻹﺟرا ء ﻣزﯾد ﻣ ن اﻟﺑ ﺣو ث.
Diseño de aeronave de combate no tripulada de quinta generación para el apoyo aéreo cercano
Authors: Morales Aguirre Esteban , Duarte García Mateo , Paniagua García Esteban , Aldana Lopera Daniel Enrique , Sabogal Jaramillo Javier Mauricio , Montoya Vélez Jorge Elias , Alvarado Perilla Juan Pablo 
Published: June 2021

La evolución en el diseño de aeronaves de combate se ha visto modificada por la inclusión de nuevos parámetros de alta exigencia, dentro de los cuales se incluyen las áreas de investigación relacionadas con la aerodinámica, la furtividad y la optimización en los procesos de operación. El presente artículo contempla el diseño de un Vehículo de Combate Aéreo no Tripulado (UCAV) para la ejecución de misiones de Apoyo Aéreo Cercano (CAS por sus siglas en inglés) en las próximas décadas. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran las habilidades de los UCAV como aeronaves de quinta generación para el reemplazo de flotas reconocidas a nivel mundial (A-10 Thunderbolt II y Sukhoi Su-25) y, además, garantiza su utilidad y viabilidad en los futuros entornos de combate. Así mismo, la investigación se enfoca en una de las variables de mayor discusión respecto a la supervivencia en el combate aéreo, se trata de la furtividad por fenómenos electromagnéticos, con la cual se obtuvieron valores de Sección Equivalente de Radar (RCS) iguales a -24,18 dBsm o representables en un área de detectabilidad de 0,0038 m2 en configuración limpia, de modo que este valor es inferior al de aeronaves furtivas como lo es el Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit. Finalmente, el diseño permite la operación con un máximo peso de despegue de 61,900 lb y una carga paga de 11,240 lb que se acondicionan a una configuración alar y de estabilizadores para rangos transónicos.
COVID-19 enfeksiyonu ilişkili pandemi döneminde Ege Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi Acil Servisi’ne başvuran hastane dışı kardiyak arrest vakalarının retrospektif değerlendirilmesi
Authors: YALÇINLI Sercan , ERSEL Murat , KIYAN Güçlü Selahattin , KARBEK AKARCA Funda , ALTUNC Yusuf Ali I , UZ İlhan , ÖZÇETE Enver , SONGÜR KODİK Meltem , CAN Özge 
Published: June 2021

Amaç: Covid 19 pandemisi direkt ve indirekt olarak sosyal hayatta önemli değişiklikler oluşturdu. Bu çalışmada acil sağlık hizmetleri açısından önemli bir yer tutan hastane dışı kardiyak arrest (HDKA) vakaları değerlendirildi. Pandemi öncesi dönem ile; demografik, etiyolojik ve acil sağlık hizmetlerinin sunumu açısından herhangi bir farklılık olup olmadığının araştırılması amaçlandı.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Acil Servis’e HDKA nedeni ile 2017, 2018, 2019 ve 2020 yıllarının 11 Mart – 01 Haziran tarihleri arasında başvuran hastalar retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Pandemi dönemi ve pandemi öncesi dönem olarak iki grup oluşturuldu. Demografik ve klinik özellikler karşılaştırıldı.
Bulgular: Çalışma popülasyonunu 263 hasta oluşturdu. Hastaların %22,4’ünün (n: 59) 2020, %25,5’inin (n:67) 2019, %27,0’inin (n:71) 2018, %25,1’inin (n:66) 2017 yılında başvuruda bulunduğu belirlendi. Altmış beş yaş altı HDKA sıklığının 2020 yılında (%57,6) diğer yıllara göre (%33,3) daha fazla olduğu gözlendi (p:0.003). Eşlik eden komorbidite durumu gruplar arasında benzer bulundu. Pandemi döneminde olay yerinde temel yaşam desteği (TYD) uygulama sıklığının diğer dönemlere göre daha fazla olduğu belirlendi (p:0.033). Pandemi döneminde hastaların acil servise daha sık 112 ile getirildiği saptandı (p:0.048). Spontan dolaşımın geri dönüşü (SDGD)’nin pandemi döneminde daha az olduğu gözlendi (%22- %37,3, p:0.030). Sağlık çalışanı ile hastaların ilk temas süresinin pandemi döneminde daha kısa olduğu belirlendi (p:0.034).
Sonuç: HDKA vakalarının sıklığında pandemi ve pandemi öncesi arasında değişiklik gözlenmedi. Acil tıbbi hizmet iki grup arasında benzerdi. Pandemi döneminde HDKA hastalarının yaş ortalamasındaki düşüş iyi tasarlanmış çalışmalarla araştırılmalıdır.
Stigma, Structural Vulnerability, and “What Matters Most” Among Women Living With HIV in Botswana, 2017
Authors: Yang Lawrence H. , Poku Ohemaa B. , Misra Supriya , Mehta Haitisha T. , Rampa Shathani , Eisenberg Marlene M. , Yang Lyla S. , Dai Cao Thi Xuan , Blank Lilo I. , Becker Timothy D. , Link Bruce G. , Entaile Patlo , Opondo Philip R. , Arscott-Mills Tonya , Ho-Foster Ari R. , Blank Michael B. 
Published: June 2021

Objectives. To explore whether beneficial health care policies, when implemented in the context of gender inequality, yield unintended structural consequences that stigmatize and ostracize women with HIV from “what matters most” in local culture. Methods. We conducted 46 in-depth interviews and 5 focus groups (38 individuals) with men and women living with and without HIV in Gaborone, Botswana, in 2017. Results. Cultural imperatives to bear children bring pregnant women into contact with free antenatal services including routine HIV testing, where their HIV status is discovered before their male partners’. National HIV policies have therefore unintentionally reinforced disadvantage among women with HIV, whereby men delay or avoid testing by using their partner’s status as a proxy for their own, thus facilitating blame toward women diagnosed with HIV. Gossip then defines these women as “promiscuous” and as violating the essence of womanhood. We identified cultural and structural ways to resist stigma for these women. Conclusions. Necessary HIV testing during antenatal care has inadvertently perpetuated a structural vulnerability that propagates stigma toward women. Individual- and structural-level interventions can address stigma unintentionally reinforced by health care policies.
Chronic Pelvic Diastasis 22 Years After Twin Natural Delivery
Authors: Pascarella Raffaele , Sangiovanni Pasquale , Fantasia Rossana , Cerbasi Simone 
Published: June 2021

Case:
We present here a case of chronic pelvic separation 22 years after twin natural delivery in a 49-year-old woman surgically treated with anterior and posterior stabilization. The functional and radiological recovery after a 4-year follow-up was extremely good.

Conclusion:
Postpartum pubic symphysis diastasis is a rare but dreaded complication of natural delivery. Nonoperative treatment is still considered the gold standard. However, when pain persists despite nonoperative treatment and when a pelvic radiograph reveals a pubic diastasis greater than 2 cm, surgery is recommended. In the case of low back pain because of sacroiliac joint lesions, posterior fixation is indicated.
Surgical Treatment of Unstable Pelvic Ring Injury in a Young Child
Authors: Margalit Adam , Suresh Krishna V. , Hayashi Brooke , Sponseller Paul D. 
Published: June 2021

Case:
We describe an anterior and posterior pelvic ring construct, with emphasis on the posterior construct, to treat a vertical displacement fracture in a 2-year-old girl who was struck by a motor vehicle. Eighteen months after her injury, radiographs showed intact sacroiliac joints and symmetrical pubic symphysis.

Conclusion:
Although commonly performed in adults, pelvic fixation is challenging in children because of the small size of the child’s pelvis and osseous fixation pathways. However, this approach enabled successful vertical stabilization of the pelvis, complete resolution of symphyseal diastasis, and recovery of function and mobility.
The Paradox of Citizenship in American Politics
Authors: Peter Kivisto 
Published: June 2021

The Paradox of Citizenship in American Politics: Ideals and Reality, by Mehnaaz Momen, London and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018. 265 pp. $130.63 hardback. ISBN: 978-3-319-61529-5
Reviewed by Peter Kivisto, Augustana College and St. Petersburg State University.
Allosteric activation of preformed EGF receptor dimers by a single ligand binding event
Authors: Purba Endang R. , Saita Ei-ichiro , Akhouri Reetesh R. , Öfverstedt Lars-Göran , Wilken Gunnar , Skoglund Ulf , Maruyama Ichiro N. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Aberrant activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) by mutations has been implicated in a variety of human cancers. Elucidation of the structure of the full-length receptor is essential to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying its activation. Unlike previously anticipated, here, we report that purified full-length EGFR adopts a homodimeric form in vitro before and after ligand binding. Cryo-electron tomography analysis of the purified receptor also showed that the extracellular domains of the receptor dimer, which are conformationally flexible before activation, are stabilized by ligand binding. This conformational flexibility stabilization most likely accompanies rotation of the entire extracellular domain and the transmembrane a-helix, resulting in dissociation of the intracellular kinase dimer and, thus, rearranging it into an active form. Consistently, mutations of amino acid residues at the interface of the inactive, symmetric kinase dimer spontaneously activate the receptor in vivo. Optical single-molecule observation also demonstrated that binding of only one ligand activates the receptor dimer on the cell surface. Based on these results, we propose an allosteric model for the activation of EGFR dimers by ligand binding. Our results demonstrate how oncogenic mutations spontaneously activate the receptor and shed light on the development of novel cancer therapies.