bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remote Learning and Teaching in Southern Africa: A Case Study of Health Professions Education Institutions
Authors: Chipamaunga Shalote , Nyoni Champion Nestai , Kagawa Mike Nantamu , Wessels Quenton , Kafumukache Elliot , Gwini Rudo , Kandawasvika Gwendoline , Katowa-Mukwato Patricia , Masanganise Rangarirai , Nyamakura Rudo , Nyawata Idah , Pretorius Louise , Dithole Kefalotse , Marimo Clemence , Mubuuke Aloysius Gonzaga , Mbalinda Scovia Nalugo , Merwe Lynette Jean van der , Prozesky Detlef 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Southern Africa, like other parts of the world, has always strived to deliver quality health professions education. These efforts have been influenced to a larger extent by the socio-economic and cultural context of the region, but also by what happens globally. The global disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic necessitated the implementation of emergency remote teaching (ERT) to continue delivering on the mandate of educating future health professionals in 2020. The purpose of this research was to describe the change process through which selected health professions education institutions (HPEIs) in the Southern African region adjusted their academic programmes for remote learning and teaching during the COVID-19 related pandemic.
Methods
A mixed methods study with a case study design was applied using the ADKAR model as a conceptual framework for data interpretation. The study population consisted of educators, students, and administrators in undergraduate medical and nursing programmes from six institutions in five countries.
Results
A total of 1,307 respondents provided data for the study. Many of the institutions were caught off-guard when most educators and almost all students were required to leave their universities and go into isolation at home. Stakeholders immediately became aware of the need to adopt online approaches as an emergency measure. In all programmes, educators, students, and administrators agreed that they should change and wanted to change, and some students realised that they had to take charge of their own learning independently. Overall educators reported confidence with the use of standard Microsoft software, while knowledge of learning management systems proved more challenging for both educators and students. Many stakeholders, especially students and administrators, reported uncertainty about their ability to function in the new reality. Conducive family dynamics, a quiet space to study, good connectivity, a reliable electricity supply and appropriate devices were reported to reinforce learning and teaching.
Conclusions
The findings highlight the need to scale up educational infrastructure, prioritise strategic directives, drive continuous professional development of educators and foster co-constructivist approaches towards student centered education, including formal online learning.
Effectiveness of Life Skills Training Based on Self-Care on Mental Health and Quality of Life of Married Afghan Women in Iran
Authors: Shovazi Fatemeh Abbasi , Mahmoodabadi Hassan Zareei , Salehzadeh Maryam 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective: One of the major issues that immigrants, especially Afghan women face, is their self-care disability. This will cause problems in their mental health and quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of life skills training based on self-care on mental health and quality of life of married Afghan women living in Taft.Method: This quasi-experimental was conducted using a pretest posttest design with control group. Statistical population was all married Afghan women living in Taft of whom 60 women were selected using purposive sampling and were randomly allocated to two groups of 30 as case and control groups. The experimental group received 8 sessions of life skills training based on self-care. General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and Quality of Life of the World Health Organization Questionnaire (WHOQ- BREF) were used to collect data. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used to analyze the data.Results: Results showed that following the intervention, the mean scores of quality of life (p<0.0001) and mental health (p<0.019) in the case group increased in the posttest compared to the pretest and the effect of intervention was significant. Conclusion: Results suggested that providing a training opportunity for Afghan women to learn life skills based on self-care, enables them to realize their strengths and weaknesses and improve their quality of life and mental health.
Stereotypical Descriptions of Computer Science Careers Are Not Representative of Most Computer Scientists
Authors: McChesney Jenna E. , Behrend Tara S. , Glosenberg Alexander 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Using data from a large self-initiated online survey, we find that the career interests of many current and aspiring computer scientists diverge from the official profile of computer scientists established and promoted by the U.S. government – specifically that from the Department of Labor’s Occupational Information Network (O*NET). Five distinct profiles of career interests emerged from the data. Latent profile analysis suggests that many women in the profession value social and artistic expression in a way not currently recognized by official representations of computer scientists’ interests. Better admitting to a more nuanced and comprehensive picture of those interests has important implications for career guidance and workforce development and might help to address women’s underrepresentation in this STEM discipline.
Markers of memory CD8 T cells depicting the effect of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in Japan
Authors: Kondo Hiroyuki , Kageyama Takahiro , Tanaka Shigeru , Tsukumo Shin-ichi , Otsuka Kunihiro , Mashimo Yoichi , Onouchi Yoshihiro , Nakajima Hiroshi , Yasutomo Koji 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BNT162b2, a nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (S), provides approximately 95% efficacy for preventing COVID-19. However, it remains unclear how effectively memory CD8+ T cells are generated and which genetic and environmental factors affect the generation and function of memory CD8+ T cells elicited by this vaccine. Here, we investigated the frequency and functions of memory CD8+ T cells 3 weeks after the second vaccination in the Japanese population. Using a peptide-MHC pentamer, we detected an increased number of memory CD8+ T cells in females compared with that in males, but the frequency of pentamer-positive cells was not correlated with antibody titers. Memory precursor effector cells (KLRG1-CD127+) among both CD8+ cells and pentamer+ cells and effector cells (CD38-HLA-DR+) among pentamer+ cells were more abundant in females than in males. Upon S protein-mediated stimulation of T cells, the intensity of CD107a and granzyme B expression was increased in females compared with that in males, indicating stronger memory CD8+ T cell responses in females than in males. Our studies showed that the BNT162b2 vaccine elicits increased memory CD8+ T cell proliferation and secondary CTL responses in females compared with those in males in the Japanese population. These findings provide an important basis for the distinct sex difference in cellular immune responses to mRNA vaccination and suggest that memory precursor effector cells can be a simple marker to evaluate and boost cellular immunity induced by BNT162b2.
The Learning Curve in Vaginal Pelvic Reconstruction Surgery for Severe Pelvic Organ Prolapse: Analysis of the Cumulative Summation Test (CUSUM)
Authors: Wu Chin-Jui , Huang Kuan-Ju , Chang Wen-Chun , Li Ying-Xuan , Wei Lin-Hung , Sheu Bor-Ching 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Women who underwent vaginal pelvic reconstructive surgery with or without mesh consecutively between 2004 and 2018 were retrospectively analyzed to determine the learning curve in vaginal pelvic reconstructive surgery. With cumulative summation (CUSUM) analysis of surgical failure and operation time, we assessed the learning curve of vaginal pelvic reconstructive surgery, including sacrospinous ligament fixation, anterior colporrhaphy, posterior colporrhaphy, and optional vaginal hysterectomy with or without mesh placement. Two hundred and sixty-four women with stage III or IV pelvic organ prolapse underwent vaginal pelvic reconstructive surgery by surgeon A or B. The median follow-up time of 44 months ranged from 24 to 120 months. Surgical proficiency was achieved in 32-54 vaginal pelvic reconstructive surgery procedures without mesh and 37-61 procedures in the same surgery with mesh. The surgical success rates for surgeons A and B were 82.2% and 94.1%, with median follow-up times of 60 and 33 months, respectively. The learning phase of vaginal pelvic reconstructive surgery in advanced pelvic organ prolapse in this institutional cohort required 54 and 61 procedures, respectively. A higher number of procedures were required for the learning curve of vaginal pelvic reconstructive surgery with mesh. Having crossed the boundary of proficiency, the surgical success rate and operation time were improved.
Barriers To and Strategies To Address COVID-19 Testing and Testing Hesitancy: A Rapid Scoping Review
Authors: Sim Meaghan , Caldwell Hilary A.T. , Stone Kathryn , Boulos Leah , Yu Ziwa , Agarwal Gina , Cooper Rhiannon , Gallant Allyson J. , Bielska Iwona A. , Chishtie Jawad , Curran Janet , Tricco Andrea , Embrett Mark 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Testing is a foundational component of any COVID-19 management strategy; however, emerging evidence suggests that barriers and hesitancy to COVID-19 testing may affect uptake or participation and often these are multiple and intersecting factors that may vary across population groups. To this end, Health Canada’s COVID-19 Testing and Screening Expert Advisory Panel commissioned this rapid review in January 2021 to explore the available evidence in this area. The aim of this rapid review was to identify barriers to COVID-19 testing and strategies used to mitigate these barriers. Methods: Searches (completed January 8 2021) were conducted in MEDLINE, Scopus, medRxiv/bioRxiv, Cochrane and online grey literature sources to identify publications that described barriers and strategies related to COVID-19 testing. Results: From 1294 academic and 97 grey literature search results, 31 academic and 31 grey literature sources were included. Data were extracted from the relevant papers. The most commonly cited barriers were: cost of testing; low health literacy; low trust in the healthcare system; availability and accessibility of testing sites; and stigma and consequences of testing positive. Strategies to mitigate barriers to COVID-19 testing included: free testing; promoting awareness of importance to testing; presenting various testing options and types of testing centres (i.e., drive-thru, walk-up, home testing); providing transportation to testing centres; and offering support for self-isolation (e.g., salary support or housing). Conclusion: Various barriers to COVID-19 testing and strategies for mitigating these barriers were identified. Further research to test the efficacy of these strategies is needed to better support testing for COVID-19 by addressing testing hesitancy as part of the broader COVID-19 public health response
Deep Learning Approach for Chemistry and Processing History Prediction from Materials Microstructure: Application to Spinodal Decomposition
Authors: Farizhandi Amir Abbas Kazemzadeh , Betancourt Omar , Mamivand Mahmood 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Finding the chemical composition and processing history from a microstructure morphology for heterogeneous materials is desired in many applications. While the simulation methods based on physical concepts such as the phase-field method can predict the spatio-temporal evolution of the materials’ microstructure, they are not efficient techniques for predicting processing and chemistry if a specific morphology is desired. In this study, we propose a framework based on a deep learning approach that enables us to predict the chemistry and processing history just by reading the morphological distribution of one element. As a case study, we used a dataset from spinodal decomposition simulation of Fe-Cr-Co alloy created by the phase-field method. The mixed dataset, which includes both images, i.e., the morphology of Fe distribution, and continuous data, i.e., the Fe minimum and maximum concentration in the microstructures, are used as input data, and the spinodal temperature and initial chemical composition are utilized as the output data to train the proposed deep neural network. The proposed convolutional layers were compared with pretrained EfficientNet convolutional layers as transfer learning in microstructure feature extraction. The results show that the trained shallow network is effective for chemistry prediction. However, accurate prediction of processing temperature requires more complex feature extraction from the morphology of the microstructure. We benchmarked the model predictive accuracy for real alloy systems with a Fe-Cr-Co transmission electron microscopy micrograph. The predicted chemistry and heat treatment temperature were in good agreement with the ground truth.
Perspective of General Practitioners Toward Their Supervisors from the Recent Ten Years in China
Authors: Xin Rao , Li Luo , Qiaoli Su , Xingyue Wang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objectives:Doctors who wish to be the general practitioners (GPs) need to attend and complete general practice residents training in China. As in the early stage of the standardized GP training system, the GP training supervisors play an important role. This study aims to explore how the GP residents’ perspective towards GP supervisors and what factors affect the satisfaction tendency, and to offer some suggestions by the implication drawn from this study.Design:A quantitative and qualitative mixed study was conduct in the study . First, in the quantitative research, we adopt a survey by collecting training satisfaction through questionnaires, and extract and analyze the factors which influence the training satisfaction. Next, in the qualitative analysis, we conduct in-depth semi-structured interviews using the qualitative research criteria (COREQ)––a 32-item checklist for interviews. Participants:There are 1172 GPs whose time to start training varies from 2008 to 2017 in the quantitative survey while 100 of them filtered by stratified random sampling and extreme answers to the quantitative survey (less than 5% of the total sample) are chosen for the qualitative research to dig into the details. Specifically, the stratified random sampling is based on the resident's grade, region, and training basement level (city level or county level ), and the extreme answers refer to “extremely good” and “extremely bad” answers from the early 1172 participants comprehensive survey. Consequently, 30 extreme-answer participants were found and the left 70 were selected by stratified random sampling. According to the final implementation, participants meet the needs of information collection and sample estimation.Results:The results show that the satisfaction towards GP theoretical training supervisors, GP hospital-based training supervisors , and GP community-based training supervisors was different. From the average and long-term perspective, the prioritize of satisfaction is :GP theoretical training supervisors> GP community-based training supervisors > GP hospital-based training supervisors.GP hospital-based training supervisors need to improve GP concept, teaching methods and consciousness. GP community-based training supervisors need to improve their teaching methods, clinical theoretical knowledge and practice ability.Conclusions: On one hand ,GP supervisors team in China has been gradually settled up. On the other hand, the satisfaction tendency of residents toward GP supervisors are quite different, GP supervisors team need to be promoted and strengthened.
Feasibility Study of Using Uncrewed Aerial Vehicles to Deliver COVID-19 Vaccines in Geographically Inaccessible Areas of Nepal
Authors: Thapa Pawan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: The infectious diseases vaccine program started in Nepal. Transportation facilities using uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) will support the COVID 19 vaccine; therefore, remote areas where accessibility is unavailable and takes enormous time to reach the primary health center. However, it can distribute vaccines at standard times with required temperature-sensitive. Moreover, eliminating human contact reduces logistics cost, time, and chances of virus carriers to the frontline workers while delivering vaccines. Methods: This feasibility study provides one of the possible ways of transporting vaccines using UAVs to the remote areas of Nepal; one approach will be using a customize prototype of drones and deploying it. The following will to studying the research articles on this field for proper guidance to conduct a study. The drone with a vaccine carrier takes the vaccine from Simikot Airport to the Local 18 Mission hospital about a 400-meter journey time of about 11-15 minutes. Results: The results show that drones can supply medical kits to health centers to reduce delivery time. It has been practicing that literature review on this related field states UAVs' possible implication in transporting vaccines. It reduces the time to deliver by 11-15 minutes with a vaccine carrier box (10-12 kg) that maintains a low temperature for 3-7 days. Furthermore, it minimizes the potential risk of not providing vaccines due to the unavailability of the road in remote areas. Conclusion: This alternative can support the delivery of vaccines for vulnerable groups deprived of health care. One of the significant ways to deliver the vaccine can be using a drone for remote areas with limited health facilities. In addition, it can support government plans to vaccine people incorporation with emerging technologies.
The Helicobacter pylori genome evolution in different gastric cancer risk Colombian populations
Authors: Guzman Kevin , Montenegro Lidia , Pazos Alvaro 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

The Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has evolved with its human host by nearly 110,000 years. Despite that H. pylori has been considered as a main factor for gastric cancer (GC) development, the pathogenesis depends on its hosts evolutive relations.
Objective

In this study we analyzed the H. pylori evolutive relations of two populations with different GC risk in Colombia.
Materials and Methods

We study 10 human genomes and same number of H. pylori genomes from Tuquerres: high GC risk population, and 9 genomes from Tumaco: low GC risk population. The evolutive analysis was performed using MLST, vacA virulence gene and alpA adhesine gene for H. pylori and human ancestry by phylogenomic analyzes.
Results

We found that the studied people from Tumaco had marked African and Amerindian ancestry and in minor proportion European ancestry. In contrast, the studied human population from Tuquerres had mainly Amerindian and European ancestry. The H. pylori phylogenomic trees from Tumaco were grouped with African strains (hspWAfrica y hpAfrica2) in 56% and with the Colombian evolutive group (hspColombia) in 44%. We found that the H. pylori genomes from Tumaco are in major proportion in co-evolution with its human host genomes. In Tuquerres the phylogenomic trees grouped in 80% with local H. pylori strains (hspColombia) and the 20% of genomes grouped with hspWAfrica ancestors. Also, we found that H. pylori from Tuquerres were in minor proportion in co evolution with its human host genomes. In Tuquerres the H. pylori vacA and alpA genes showed phylogenetic relationship with Amerindian strains (hspAmerindian) and European (hpEurope), and in minor proportion with African strains (hspWAfrica y hpAfrica2) and Asian (hpEAsia).
Conclusion

The marked difference of GC risk in Colombian populations could be explained by the genome coevolution time between Helicobacter pylori and human host genomes.
Study on the Influence of Stiffness of Beam–Column Connections on the Seismic Behavior of Composite Moment Resisting Frames
Authors: KHEMIS Ahmed , TITOUM Messaoud , MAZOZ Aida , LOUZAI Amar 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In the design of steel or composite structures, the connections are usually considered infinitely rigid or perfectly pinned. However, the real behavior of these connections is semi-rigid. Consequently, this semi-rigidity can influence the overall behavior of the composite structures, especially the moment-resisting frames. Seismically, the most critical parameter that characterizes the frames behavior is the response factor R. In this context, the research work consists of studying the semi-rigidity effect of the connections on the behavior of the composite frames by evaluating the response modification factor R by using the Pushover method. To accomplish this task, three types of portal frames of 3, 4 and 5 storeys were analyzed for different degrees of connection (beam-column). An easy and practical solution has been proposed to determine the approximate value of the coefficient behavior R for the composite frames with semi-rigid connections.
Monitoring and Management of Geoengineering Repositories of Radioactive Waste
Authors: YEREMEYEV Igor , DYCHKO Alina , KYSELOV Volodymyr , ZAICHENKO Stefan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The paper provides the approach to the management of the repositories of radioactive waste, which include monitoring of contaminants migration into environment in case of natural or technogenic accidents which may influence on soil, subsoil waters and repository’ installations structures. The aim of the research is the development of system of estimation of radioactive state of the environment in the area of radioactive repository, based on the cumulative data, the knowledge base, set of rules of production, logical deduction gear and conclusion building gear by means of uncertain and incomplete input data. It is proposed the use of several models for the spectral characteristics of radioactive pollutants migration. The evaluation of possible damages of repository containment is made. The heuristics for the radioactive waste repository expert system are developed. The proposed procedure of quality definition of decision making for the radioactive waste repositories management should take into account the reliability of information about the state of the radioactive repository.
A Review of Lane Detection Based on Semantic Segmentation
Authors: Shi Jiaqi , Zhao Li 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
With the introduction of full convolutional neural product networks, semantic segmentation networks have also been widely used in the field of deep learning. Most lane detection tasks are currently done on the basis of semantic segmentation networks, so the development of semantic segmentation also directly determines the progress of lane detection. Methods: The development of semantic segmentation networks and the performance comparison between different model frames are used to summarize the improvement points as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. Current lane detection network models with good performance based on semantic segmentation networks are described and the performance between the models is compared. Result: The current development of deep learning-based lane detection methods has been very fruitful, with significant improvements in network performance, but they cannot yet be applied in practice. For example, lightweight networks are not stable enough in extracting features, while deep neural networks are too ineffective in real time. Conclusion: Lane detection is of high research value as a key technology for unmanned driving. However, most of the current neural network methods have not been studied from a practical point of view, and there are few methods that use multiple frames as a basis for research. Therefore, in the future how to efficiently use continuous images for lane detection is a key direction to be researched in the future.