bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LA EDUCACIÓN EN EL CONTEXTO DE LA SOCIEDAD ACTUAL
Authors: Ambrosy-Velarde Ingrid L. 
Published: January 2021

El contexto de la sociedad actual se desarrolla en medio de una corriente de avances tecnológicos, científicos y productivos y otra de aplazamiento de la justicia, la igualdad y la paz. En algunas regiones, como Latinoamérica, aún hace falta mucho por hacer para reducir problemas que tanto afectan la calidad de vida de sus habitantes y lo alejan de una convivencia pacífica. Ante estas situaciones, la sociedad necesita tomar consciencia de qué tipo de ciudadano espera formar y además, qué tipo de competencias tiene que promover a través del sistema educativo. Para lograrlo, es preciso que se unan estado, sector productivo, gestores académicos, profesores y comunidad, para que se cuente con una base económica, política y administrativa, así como con las herramientas para formar competencias elementales tales como el conocimiento personal y social, la autoevaluación, renovación, solidaridad, identidad local y mundial, el aprender a aprender, la convivencia, enfrentar la complejidad, conciencia del deterioro ambiental y habilidades para la producción científica, que se reflejarán en ciudadanos comprometidos con la paz y la igualdad de la región. Palabras clave: fines de la educación, educación para la paz. AbstractThe context of contemporary society unfolds amid a stream of technological, scientific and production advances and other deferral of justice, equity and peace. In some regions, such as Latin America is still needed to be done reducing both problems that affects the quality of life of its inhabitants and away them from peaceful coexistence. In these situations, society needs to become aware of what kind of city hopes to form and also what kind of skills you need to advance through the educational system. To achieve this, we need to join state, productive sector, academic managers, teachers and community, to be counted with a political and administrative economic base, as well as tools to form basic skills such as personal and social knowledge self-assessment , renovation , solidarity, global and local identity, learning to learn, coexist, facing to complexity, awareness of environmental degradation and skills to scientific production, which will be reflected in committed to equity and peace citizens in the region . Keywords: Purposes of Education; Education for peace.
MODELO PARA LA INVESTIGACIÓN COMPARATIVA ENTRE UNIVERSIDADES DE EDUCACIÓN A DISTANCIA, ABIERTAS O EN LÍNEA
Authors: Abarca-Chinchilla Alexandra María , Azofeifa-Retana Jennifer , Brenes-Villalobos Ana Cristina 
Published: January 2021

Dada la necesidad de contar con un modelo que supere los principales vacíos que, a nivel histórico-metodológico, se han identificado en estudios comparativos de educación a distancia y que vayan más allá de la mera descripción de situaciones o contextos educativos; en el Programa de Investigación en Fundamentos de Educación a Distancia (PROIFED) surge el interés de proponer un modelo para realizar este tipo de estudios, con el fin de desarrollarlos en redes flexibles de profesionales, que promuevan el intercambio de información para conocer cómo otras universidades dirigen y resuelven sus situaciones de conflicto y cómo proyectan su quehacer en la educación a distancia, abierta o en línea. Se dispone el presente modelo, el cual procura ser integrador y articulado; abierto o adaptativo a algunos requerimientos específicos que la persona investigadora requiera, con el fin de fortalecer y promover el mejoramiento del modelo de educación a distancia de la Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED), Costa Rica.Palabras clave: Educación a distancia, Educación en línea, Educación abierta, Educología comparativa, Estudios comparativos, Red de profesionales.AbstractThe Research Program on Fundamentals of Distance Education of UNED Costa Rica proposes an analytical model for the generation of comparative studies among open, online and distance education universities and institutions. This model is intended to satisfy a historical and methodological vacuum identified in comparative studies that are usually limited to the mere descriptions of educational contexts and situations. The comparative studies proposed by this model, on the other hand, are thought to be developed by professionals assembled in flexible networks and to promote the exchange of information about the ways in which open, online and distance education universities confront and resolve their situational conflicts and how these universities project their work. This model for comparative studies is designed to be open, adaptable to specific requirements of researchers, and to strengthen and promote the improvement of the distance education model of UNED Costa Rica.Keywords: Distance learning, Online education, Open education, Comparative educology, Comparative studies, Professional networking
Management of patients with atopic dermatitis undergoing systemic therapy during COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: data from the DA-COVID-19 registry Running title: AD management during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Chiricozzi Andrea , Talamonti Marina , Simone Clara De , Galluzzo Marco , Gori Niccolò , Fabbrocini Gabriella , Marzano Angelo Valerio , Girolomoni Giampiero , Offidani Annamaria , Rossi Maria Teresa , Bianchi Luca , Cristaudo Antonio , Fierro Maria Teresa , Stingeni Luca , Pellacani Giovanni , Argenziano Giuseppe , Patrizi Annalisa , Pigatto Paolo , Romanelli Marco , Savoia Paola , Rubegni Pietro , Foti Caterina , Milanesi Nicola , Fortina Anna Belloni , Bongiorno Maria Rita , Grieco Teresa , Nuzzo Sergio Di , Fargnoli Maria Concetta , Carugno Andrea , Motolese Alberico , Rongioletti Franco , Amerio Paolo , Balestri Riccardo , Potenza Concetta , Micali Giuseppe , Patruno Cataldo , Zalaudek Iris , Lombardo Maurizio , Feliciani Claudio , Nardo Lucia Di , Guarneri Fabrizio , Peris Ketty , Da- Md ; 
Published: January 2021

Background: Few and small studies have described the management
of immunomodulant/immunosuppressive therapies or phototherapy in atopic
dermatitis (AD) patients during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
pandemic.
Methods: A national registry, named DA-COVID-19 and involving
35 Italian dermatology units, was established in order to evaluate the
impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the management of adult AD patients
treated with systemic immunomodulant/immunosuppressive medications or
phototherapy. Demographic and clinical data were obtained at different
timepoints by teledermatology during COVID-19 pandemic, when regular
visits were not allowed due to sanitary restrictions. Disease severity
was assessed by both physician- and patient-reported assessment scores
evaluating itch intensity, sleep disturbances, and AD severity.
Results: A total of 1831 patients were included, with 1580/1831
(86.3%) continuing therapy during pandemic. Most patients were treated
with dupilumab (86.1%, 1576/1831) that was interrupted in only 9.9%
(156/1576) of cases, while systemic immunosuppressive compounds were
more frequently withdrawn. Treatment interruption was due to decision of
the patient, general practitioner or dermatologist in 39.9% (114/286),
5.6% (16/286), and 30.1% (86/286) of cases, respectively. Fear of
increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection (24.8%, 71/286) was
one of the main causes of interruption. Sixteen patients (0.9%)
resulted positive to SARS-CoV-2 infection, 3 of them (0.2%) were
hospitalized but no cases of COVID-related death occurred.
Conclusions: Most AD patients continued systemic treatments
during COVID pandemicand lockdown period, without high impact on disease
control, particularly dupilumab-treatedpatients.
THE INEVITABILITY OF A GENERALIZED DARWINIAN THEORY OF BEHAVIOR, SOCIETY, AND CULTURE
Authors: Rosenberg Alex 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe paper argues that the evident features of all human affairs of interest to the social scientist demand Darwinian explanations. It must however be recognized that the range of regularities, models, theories that a successful Darwinian research program will inspire must be heterogeneous, operate at very different scales, identify a diversity of distinct and often unrepeated processes operating through multifarious instances of blind variation and environmental selection. There will be no canonical statement of a Darwinian theory of cultural and/or social affairs.
INVARIANCE AND SYMMETRY IN EVOLUTIONARY DYNAMICS
Authors: Huttegger Simon M. , Rubin Hannah , Zollman Kevin J. S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe concept of fitness is central to evolutionary biology. Models of evolutionary change typically use some quantity called “fitness” which measures an organism’s reproductive success. But what exactly does it mean that fitness is such a measure? In what follows, we look at the interplay between abstract evolutionary models and quantitative measures of fitness and develop a measurement-theoretic perspective on fitness in order to explore what makes certain measures of fitness significant.
GENERALIZED DARWINISM AS MODEST UNIFICATION
Authors: Reydon Thomas A.C. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper examines the nature of Hodgson and Knudsen’s version of Generalized Darwinism, asking to what extent it has explanatory force. The paper develops two criteria for potential explanatory transfer of theories between disciplines, and argues that Generalized Darwinism does not meet these. The paper proposes that Hodgson and Knudsen’s version of Generalized Darwinism is best understood as a research program aimed at modest unificationism sensu Kitcher, that provides a heuristic perspective to guide research, but does not produce actual evolutionary explanations.
Micro computed tomography evaluation of Invisalign aligner thickness homogeneity
Authors: Mantovani Edoardo , Parrini Simone , Coda Emanuele , Cugliari Giovanni , Scotti Nicola , Pasqualini Damiano , Deregibus Andrea , Castroflorio Tommaso 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To measure the thickness homogeneity of Invisalign (Align Technology Inc, San José, Calif) aligners with micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scans.

Materials and Methods
Starting from micro-CT scanning of 20 different aligners, multiplanar reconstructions were obtained. An orthodontist blinded about the study measured aligner thickness in different regions (molar, canine, incisor) and in different sites (gingival–buccal, buccal, occlusal, lingual, and gingival–lingual). To assess various thicknesses in different aligner sites and regions, the sample was stratified into subgroups and linear regression analysis was performed.

Results
Descriptive analysis showed that mean thickness of aligners in the incisor region ranged from 0.582 mm to 0.639 mm, in the canine region from 0.569 mm to 0.644 mm, and in the molar region from 0.566 mm to 0.634 mm. Student's t-tests showed no significant differences in the aligner thickness of different regions when data were stratified by different sites. Student's t-tests showed significant differences in thickness homogeneity for the molar region when the data were stratified by tooth (mean difference = 0.068 mm; 95% confidence interval, 0.009–0.126 mm; P = .024).

Conclusions
Invisalign aligner thickness is characterized by small differences. The only significant difference was revealed in the molar region where thickness of the gingival–lingual edge is significantly thinner than that measured at the occlusal aspect. From a clinical perspective, the results of the present study could be considered to explain the reduced predictability of several orthodontic tooth movements in the molar region.
PENGKLONAN DAN PERUNUTAN NUKLEOTIDA GEN SELUBUNG PROTEIN DAN 3’UTR (untranslated region) PEANUT STRIPE VIRUS
Authors: Akin Hasriadi Mat 
Published: January 2021

Cloning and sequencing of coat protein gene and 3’UTR (untranslated region) of peanut stripe virus. The cDNA of 3' terminal of peanut stripe virus genomic RNA was cloned and sequenced. The cDNA was ligated with plasmid vector pGEM-T Easy and transformed to competent cells of Escherichia coli. The 3' terminal of PstV genomic RNA contained 1195 nucleotides (nts). The region included the nucleotide sequences of NIb (nuclear inclusion body) (129 nts), CP gene (coat protein gene) (861 nts), and 3'UTR (untranslated region) (205 nts). The nucleotide sequence of a CP gene contained one long uninterrupted open reading frame (ORF) without a start codon, which ended a UAG stop codon. The 287 amino acid residues of PStV coat protein were predicted from the CP gene. The amino acid was analyzed for the presence of consensus polyprotein cleavage site for maturation of potyvirus polyprotein. A putative cleavage site was found at position 43 (Q/S) following the Valine (V) residue at -4 position. This isolate of PstV can be expected to be aphid transmissible because the coat protein contained a DAG triplet at position 53-55.
EFEK PENYIMPANAN TERHADAP VIRULENSI NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS YANG DIAPLIKASIKAN PADA TANAMAN KEDELAI TERSERANG ULAT GRAYAK (Spodoptera litura Fabr. )
Authors: Pramono Sudi 
Published: January 2021

One of the problem increased soybean production was Spodoptera litura (army worm), because army worm has been known to be resistant to many insec¬ticides. Alternatif control techniques should be explored to reduce population of the pest. Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (NPV) could storage one or more year, but must used technique cold storage so that not virulence decreased. This experiment was conducted to study (1) NPV patho¬genicity to army worm in the field, and (2) the effect of storage on the pathogenicity of NPV to S. litura. The research consisted of two experiments i.e. laboratory and field experiments. Each experiment had seven treatments arranged in a randomized completely block design. Each treatment was replicated four times. The results show the highest mortality of S. litura occurred in plot treated with 1,0 x 107 PIBs /ml, the mortality was 48 to 49,33 spec/plot after ten days aplicated . If comparative patogenicity the new and the old NPV was not significant. Population of army worm decreased significantly by NPV and control. So that patogenecity NPV storage one year as well as new NPV against army worm.
PENGARUH FRAKSI AKTIF KULIT BATANG DYSOXYLUM ACUTANGULUM MIQ. (MELIACEAE) TERHADAP REPRODUKSI CROCIDOLOMIA PAVONANA (F.) (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE)
Authors: Syahputra Edy , Prijono Djoko , Simanjuntak Partomuan 
Published: January 2021

Effects of an active fraction of stem bark of Dysoxylum acutangulum Miq. (Meliaceae) on reproduction of Crocidolomia pavonana (F.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). This study was conducted to determine the effect of an active fraction of Dysoxylum acutangulum stem bark on reproduction and longevity of the cabbage pest Crocidolomia pavonana. The feeding treatment with the test material was given to the second-instar larvae C. pavonana at concentrations of 2.54, 3.29 and 3.93 ppm (equivalent to LC10, LC30 and LC50), then the emerging adults were observed for their fecundity, ovarial protein content and longevity. The treatment with the test material at LC50 shortened the lifespan of adult males and females C. pavonana by 2.9 and 1.6 days, respectively, compared with controls. The treatments at LC10, LC30 and LC50 decreased the fecundity of the adult females by 44.0, 64.7 and 58.1%, respectively, compared with controls, and this effect could be associated with the decrease in protein content of ovaries of the females (29.0, 47.8 and 42.8% decrease, respectively). Such treatments also delayed the maturity of ovaries of the females. Suppression of reproductive capacity of C. pavonana could contribute significantly to overall suppression of the pest population if the test material is used in the field.
EFEK PENGHAMBATAN EKSTRAK DAUN WIDURI (CALOTROPIS SP.) TERHADAP CENDAWAN BUSUK BUAH CABAI (COLLETOTRICHUM CAPSICI)
Authors: Sulaksono Puji , Umrah Umrah , Parhan K. Lamai Ramadhanil , Binangkari Ramlah 
Published: January 2021

Inhibitory effect of widuri (Callotropis sp.) leaf extract on Colletotrichum disease of chilli pepper. Inhibitory effect of widuri (Callotropis sp.) leaf extract (WLE) was determined against radial growth, conidial germination, conidial production on red pepper pod lesions and number of lesions formed on the pod. It was found that, compared with control (no WLE), over 50 % radial growth inhibition was recorded 10 days after WLE application at concentrations of 0.5 % or higher. Inhibitions at similar rate were also found on conidial germination 24 hours after WLE application at concentrations of 8 % or higher. WLE at concentrations of 8 % or higher reduced the number of lesion formation up to at least 50 % 8 days after inoculation of the pathogen. At least 50 % reduction in the conidial production was recorded when WLE was applied at concentrations of 4 % or higher.
BEBERAPA HASIL INOKULASI PADA CAKRAM DAUN KOPI DENGAN HEMILEIA VASTATRIX DI LABORATORIUM
Authors: Ginting Cipta , Gafur Abdul , Evizal Rusdi 
Published: January 2021

Some results of inoculations on coffee leaf disks with Hemileia vastatrix. Leaf rust caused by Hemileia vastatrix B. et Br. is the most important disease on coffee worldwide. The obligate nature of H. vastatrix limits research on the disease when inoculation or pathogen growth in laboratory is required. Inoculation on detached plant parts such as leaf disks may become an alternative to solve the problems. In this study, the procedure was tested using three coffee varieties (Kartika 1, USDA, and Robusta) as inoculum sources, leaves of different age, and different uredospore concentrations (4 x 103, 4 x 104, and 4 x 105 uredospores per ml suspension). The study was done in Laboratory of Plant Disease at University of Lampung from May to December 2001. Uredospores developed on leaves under field condition were used as inoculum. The uredospores were taken with sterilized scalpel and placed in sterilized distilled water. Before doing the experiments, the uredospores were measured using microscope equipped with a micrometer. The concentration of uredospore suspensions were prepared using hemacytometer. Leaf disks made with diameter of 2 cm were used in all inoculations. The results showed that the size of the uredospores varied greatly. The variation occurred not only among uredospores taken from different lesions or leaves but also among those taken from the same lesions. The size of almost all uredospores was the same as that reported in the literature. Uredospores taken from Kartika (but not from two other varieties) incited disease development and produced symptoms on leaf disks which were made from Kartika coffee. The age of leaves used to make leaf disks did not influence disease incidence. Uredospores concentration influenced ( = 0.05) disease incidence on leaf disks with higher concentration caused higher disease incidence .
PENGARUH CAMPURAN EKSTRAK AGLAIA HARMSIANA PERKINS DAN DYSOXYLUM ACUTANGULUM MIQ. (MELIACEAE) TERHADAP MORTALITAS DAN OVIPOSISI PLUTELLA XYLOSTELLA (L.) (LEPIDOPTERA: YPONOMEUTIDAE)
Authors: Yuswanti Lucy , Prijono Djoko 
Published: January 2021

Effect of Mixture of Aglaia harmsiana Perkins and Dysoxylum acuntangum Miq. (Meliaceae) Extracts on Mortality and Oviposition of Plutella xyostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae). This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of mixture of extracts of Aglaia harmsiana seeds and Dysoxylum acutangulum leaf petioles on mortality and oviposition of Plutella xyostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae). The insecticidal activity of ethyl acetate fraction of A. harmsiana and D. Acutangulum extracts and their mixture (concentration ratio of Ah and Da was 4:1) was evaluated against the thrid-instar P. xylostella was assessed by choice tests using broccoli seddlings. LC50 and LC95 of A. harmsiana extracts against the thirds the+fourth instar larvae were 0.054% and 0.129%, respectively, those of D. acutangulum extract were 0.031% and 0.103%, and those of the the mixture of A. harmsiana and D.acutangulum extract and the mixture at concentrations of 0.06% - 0.38%, 0.3%, and 0.02% - 0.3%, respectively, significantly reduced the number of eggs deposited by the female, P. xylostella on broccoli seedings, with oviposition inhibition indices of 0.30-0.59, 0.28-0.45 and 0.045-0.70. A.harmsiana ectract at all concentrations tested was phytotoxic to broccoli seedlings, whereas D. acutangulum extract was not. Mixture of A. harmsiana and D. acutangulum extract were phytotoxic to broccoli seedlings at concentrations of 0.06-0.3%. Thus, A. hamarsiana extract of mixture containing the extract should be used with caution and their phytotoxicity should be specifically tested on target crops before being used in the field.
PATOGENESIS HAWAR DAUN BIBIT PINUS MERKUSII YANG DISEBABKAN OLEH PESTALOTIA THEAE DI PESEMAIAN
Authors: Sutarman Sutarman , Hadi Soetrisno , Suryani Ani , Achmad Achmad , Saefuddin Asep 
Published: January 2021

Pathogenesis of Needle Blight of Pinus merkusii Seedlings Incited by Pestalotia theae in The Nunery. The objectives of theiudy were to clarify the mechanism by which Pestalotia theae incites the disease and the defense mechanism of the pine seedling against the attack by the pathogen. The germination tube,2.9 µm in diameter, produced by the germinating conidiospore penetrated the leaf cells via the stomata, which were wider in diameter. The pathogen was able to produce pectinolytic and cellulolytic enzymes required for the degrading of the host cell wall components. The epidermis was covered-by a thick cuticulae layer. The activity of the peroxidase reduced in the cotyledon, the primary leaf and in the secondary leaf decreased, when the seedlings were 1-2,2-3, and >3 month old.
KEPATOGENAN SATELIT RNA YANG BERASOSIASI DENGAN CUCUMBER MOSAIC VIRUS (CMV-satRNA) PADA TANAMAN CABAI
Authors: Mat Akin Hasriadi 
Published: January 2021

Pathogenicity of RNA satellite associated with cucumber mosaic virus (CMV-satRNA) on hot pepper plant. The objective of this experiment was to determine the pathogenicity of RNA satellite associated with CMV (CMV-satRNA) on hot pepper plant and effects of mix infection of CMV-satRNA and other viruses naturally infecting hot pepper, PVY (potato virus Y) and TMV (tobacco mosaic virus). Two green house experiments were conducted in Gedong Meneng Bandar Lampung during June—November 2004. The treatments of the the first experiment were arranged in a completely randomized design with five replications. The treatments were hot pepper plant inoculated with CMV-satRNA, severe strain CMV-G, and control uninoculated plant. The second treatment was arranged in a complete block randomized design in a factorial experiment with four replications. The first factor was single inoculation of CMV-satRNA, PVY, TMV, double inoculatoin of CMV-satRNA and PVY, CMV-satRNA and TMV, PVY and TMV, and control uninoculated plant. The second factor was two hot varieties, Taro and Laris. The results of the first experiment showed that infection of CMV-satRNA did not significantly reduce the yield of hot pepper plant compared to severe strain CMV-G. The result of the second experiment indicated that mix infection of CMV-satRNA and TMV or CMV-satRNA and PVY did not induced a synergetic reaction on hot pepper plants.