bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gaps in Nutrition Policy Implementation in Childcare Centres in The Edmonton Metropolitan Region: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Vale Marjorie Rafaela Lima Do , Farmer Anna , Gokiert Rebecca , Ball Geoff , Maximova Katerina 
Published: September 2021

Purpose: To describe (i) nutrition policies in childcare centres, (ii) the resources and processes used to enable policy implementation, and (iii) the association between policy implementation and childcare centres’ or administrators’ characteristics. Methods: Between October 2018 and June 2019 a web-based survey that addressed nutrition policy, policy implementation, and sociodemographic characteristics was sent to eligible childcare programs (centre-based and provided meals) in the Edmonton (Alberta) metropolitan region. The survey was pretested and pilot tested. Statistical tests examined the relationship between policy implementation with centres’ and administrators’ characteristics. Results: Of 312 childcare centres that received the survey invitation, 43 completed it. The majority of centres had a nutrition policy in place (94%). On average, centres had about 9 of the 17 implementation resources and processes assessed. Most often administrators reported actively encouraging the implementation of the nutrition policy (n = 35; 87%) and least often writing evaluation reports of the implementation of the nutrition policy (n = 9; 22%). Administrator’s education level was associated with implementation total score (p = 0.009; Kruskal-Wallis). Conclusion: Most childcare centres had a nutrition policy in place, but many lacked resources and processes to enable policy implementation. Additional support is required to improve nutrition policy development and implementation.
High Turnover in Clinical Dietetics: A Descriptive Analysis
Authors: Hewko Sarah J. , Clow Samantha , Oyesegun Amirah , Vanleeuwen Charlene 
Published: September 2021

Purpose: To identify key attributes of Canadian clinical registered dietitian (RD) jobs associated with high rates of turnover. Methods: Managers of clinical RDs in Canada were eligible to complete a survey on the topic of turnover in clinical RD positions. Specifically, key details were sought regarding positions with the highest and lowest turnover in each manager’s portfolio. Results: High turnover (HT) positions turned over an average of 4.0 times in a 5-year period in contrast to 0.3 times in low turnover (LT) positions. Resignation was the top reason for turnover in both HT and LT positions. HT and LT positions were of analogous full-time equivalent, had comparable caseloads, and served clients/patients with similar diagnoses including diabetes and neurological conditions. Conclusions: There is significant variation in the frequency of turnover across positions in clinical dietetics in Canada. What differentiates HT positions from LT positions remains unclear. More research is required to guide managers seeking to balance turnover and preclude uneven nutrition care quality across units and programs.
Not Lost but Found
Authors: Alcantara Keitlyn 
Published: September 2021

Gideon Mailer and Nicola Hale. 2019. Decolonizing the Diet: Nutrition, Immunity, and the Warning from Early America. New York: Anthem Press.Gina Rae La Cerva. 2020. Feasting Wild: In Search of the Last Untamed Food. Berkeley, CA: Greystone Books.
Introduction. Reconfiguring nature: Resource security and the limits of expert knowledge
Authors: Kehrt Christian , Martin John 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The central aim of this special issue is to explore the role of expert knowledge in shaping the way countries have sought to ensure a continuing supply of natural resources in order to feed and fuel processes of industrialisation. These case studies illustrate the way in which the competition for resources not only profoundly affects those countries in the Global North which are the beneficiaries of the resources but also the populations of the countries (often in the Global South) from which the resources are extracted.
التغير المناخي لعنصر درجات الحرارة وأثرها على انتاجية محصول الطماطم في محافظة الانبار
Authors: Al-Dulaimi Mohammad Rahim , Al-Janabi Hamid Rajab 
Published: September 2021

تناولت الدراسة التغيرات المناخية لعنصر درجات الحرارة وأثره على انتاجية محصول الطماطم في محافظة الأنبار لقد ركزت الدراسة على مشكلة في غاية الأهمية يواجها القطاع الزراعي هي (التغيرات المناخية ) التي تمثل العامل الأهم في الانتاج الزراعي، إذ ساعد تفاقم هذه المشكلة في تقلص مدة نمو المحصول وانتاجيته؛ لأن ارتفاع درجات الحرارة فوق 48مْ تسهم بتوقف عمليات الفسيولوجية للمحصول إذ تزداد نسبة التبخر /النتح وبالتالي تتوقف العمليات الانتاجية ومن ثم موت البادرات، وبعدها ذبول النبات ، وبعدها موته بشكل تدريجي سريع
فقد توصلت الدراسة إلى:

إن المعدلات السنوية للتغير في درجات الحرارة الاعتيادية لمحطات منطقة الدراسة بلغ أعلى مقدار للتغير في محطة الرطبة بمقدار (1,42) وأاقل معدل للتغير سجل في محطة الرمادي بمقدار (1,15).
معدل التغير لإنتاجية غلة الدونم لمحصول الطماطم بلغ في قضاء عنه (1,04) طن للدونم وفي قضائي حديثة والقائم (1,14) طن للدونم وفي قضاء هيت (1,1) طن للدونم وفي قضاء الرمادي (1,08) طن للدونم.
تداعيات احتلال الموصل
Authors: MOHAMMED RASOOL MUTTLAQ 
Published: September 2021

كانت جهود دراسة التداعيات والكلفة الاجتماعية لاحتلال الموصل، جهود عرضية أو ثانوية مقارنة مع جهود دراسة تلك النزاعات والصراعات وموضوعاتها المتشعبة والمتعددة. فاغلب الدراسات والبحوث كانت منشغلة بالبحث عن أسباب ودوافع قيام تلك الحرب. ونتائجها السياسية، والعسكرية، والدولية، إلا انه نكاد نلمس قلة في دراستها – الحرب ضد داعش- من حيث مدى ما تسببه من خسائر وتأثيرات في حياة المواطنين والرعايا داخل المجتمع- كلفتها الاجتماعية - فغالباً ما تكون الكلفة العسكرية للازمات والحروب منظورة وقابلة للحساب، إلا ان كلفتها الاجتماعية غير منظورة. إذ تعد الأزمة محور دراستنا الحالية؛ لذا كان لابدّ لنا من أن الإحاطة بهذا المفهوم على الرغم من صعوبة تحديد معانيه بدقة، وقد أفاد ذلك في بناء المعرفة المنظمة بذلك المصطلح، ولاسيما بعد اتساع نطاق استعماله، وانطباقه على صور العلاقات الإنسانية المُختلفة فقد دخل في مجالات عدة، كالطب، والاقتصاد، وعلم الاجتماع، وعلم السياسة...الخ. وتكمن أهمية هذه الدراسة بما لا يمكن للمرء أن يتحدث عن الأحداث التي مر بها المجتمع العراقي بعد عام 2014م وما حدث بها من أحداث مريعة -ابتدأت باحتلال مدينة الموصل- وما جرى على العراقيين ومعاناتهم الإنسانية الفائقة من دون أن يستحضر صور الموت، والعنف، والدمار، والتهديدات التي خلفتها عصابات داعش الإرهابية التي أوصلت البلاد إلى ما وصلت إليه من إرباكات، وأزمات، وانقسامات، وتصدّعات فضلاً عن حالة الضعف والوهن التي استغلها داعش الإرهابي، للتقدم والاندفاع في هجماتهِ للاستيلاءِ على مزيدٍ من المناطقِ بعد احتلالهِ لمحافظةِ الموصل واستخدامها كمرتكزٍ وقاعدةٍ أساسيةٍ لإعلانِ دولته المزعومة، ثم التمدّد باتجاه احتلال مناطق أخرى من العراقِ حتى وصل ما استولت عليه نحو ثلث الأراضي العراقية، وما خلفه من دمار.
THE DIFFERENT TIMING OF ORAL CLONIDINE PREMEDICATION EFFECT ON SEDATION SCORE IN SPINE SURGERY
Authors: Kumar Satish , Kumar Sanjay 
Published: September 2021

Background: Premedication is the administration of medication before anaesthesia. It is used to prepare the patient for anaesthesia and to provideoptimal conditions for surgery.
Methods: The study of oral premedication dose of clonidine in spinal surgery at different time was conducted on sixty ASA grade-1 patients of eithersex between 20 to 60 years of age undergoing elective spine surgery. This study was performed after approval from ethics committee of the institute.Informed consent was obtained from each patient.
Results: The total induction dose of propofol required for the induction of the patient is 2-2.5 mg/kg body weight. In our study the average weightof the patient in group-1 was 58.83 kg and in group-2, average weight of the patient was 54.77 kg. The total average weight of patient in the study was 56.80 kg. Thus the total induction dose of propofol required should have been 117.66 mg in group-1, 109.54 mg in group-2 and 113.6 mg in averagetotal.
Conclusion: In conclusion this study establishes that the premedication with tab. clonidine 200µg (As tab. clonidine is available in 100µg) 90 minutebefore the surgery or 3.5 hour before the surgery reduced induction dose of propofol.
Keywords: Clonidine, Propofol, Spine
Solubility Enhancement of Antihyperlipidemic Drug by Solvent Diffusion Technique
Authors: Chauhan Anjli , Gupta Gaurav , Jain Pratyush , Jain Alok Pal 
Published: September 2021

Poor aqueous solubility of drugs is major limiting factor with many new drugs in their successful launch in market in spite of their potential pharmacokinetic activity. Therefore, poor solubility is critical factor if the molecule is to survive the pharmaceutical development process. In the current work, it was planned to enhance the solubility of antihyperlipidemic drug by solvent diffusion technique. For this the drug clofibrate and excipients were procured and spherical agglomerates were prepared and evaluated. The findings of the study states the novelty the hypothesis.
Keywords: Solubility, Diffusion, Agglomerates
ФОРМУВАННЯ ЛЕКСИЧНОЇ І ГРАМАТИЧНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТЕЙ МАЙБУТНІХ ФІЛОЛОГІВ В УМОВАХ ДИСТАНЦІЙНОГО НАВЧАННЯ
Authors: Межов Олександр Григорович , Костусяк Наталія Миколаївна 
Published: September 2021

У статті досліджено інформаційно-комунікаційні технології як засоби формування лексичної та граматичної компетентностей студентів філологічних спеціальностей університетів в умовах дистанційного навчання. Розглянуто основні етапи та структурно-логічні схеми комплексного лексико-граматичного аналізу слова як ефективного виду вправ й активного методу навчання мови. Відповідно до домінантного в сучасній граматичній науці функційного багатоаспектного підходу запропоновано два шляхи поліаналізу: від змісту до форми та від форми до змісту, підсумком яких має стати лексико-граматична і правописно-орфоепічна характеристика слова. Вивчено функційні можливості інтелект-карт як дієвого способу організації, систематизації й узагальнення інформації для здійснення лексико-фразеологічного та морфолого-синтаксичного розбору слів. Проаналізовано роль інформаційних ресурсів, зокрема електронних словників, у виконанні різних видів лінгвістичного аналізу слова під час самостійної роботи студентів в умовах дистанційного навчання. З посиланнями на відповідні мережні ресурси здійснено огляд друкованих та електронних лексикографічних праць, їхнього призначення, структури, принципів використання під час самонавчання студентів різних типів мовного розбору. Подано зразки лінгвістичного аналізу конкретних слів, які слугуватимуть взірцем майбутнім бакалаврам філології в пошуково-дослідницькій роботі й самоосвіті впродовж професійної діяльності. Репрезентовано досвід апробації електронної навчальної платформи Moodle для формування лексико-граматичних компетентностей бакалаврів-філологів під час дистанційної освіти. Закцентовано увагу на перевагах освітнього середовища Moodle у практично орієнтованому самовивченні філологами дисципліни «Сучасна українська літературна мова», серед яких швидкий доступ до навчальних матеріалів, можливість виконання завдань у зручний час, зворотний зв’язок, постійна комунікація з викладачем і однокурсниками на форумах, самоконтроль знань через комп’ютерне тестування, прозорість та об’єктивність оцінювання за умови оптимального поєднання дистанційної роботи з авдиторними заняттями.
HUBUNGAN KONDISI SPIRITUAL DENGAN KEMAMPUAN RESILIENSI PSIKOLOGI KLIEN BIDAN
Authors: Sukmayati Maya 
Published: September 2021

Sehat sebagai sebuah kondisi terintegrasinya kesejahteraan fisik, mental, sosial maupun spiritual adalah merupakan amanah undang-undang yang belum sepenuhnya dapat dinikmati oleh masyarakat Indonesia secara umum. Mayoritas pelayanan kesehatan, khususnya kebidanan yang diberikan petugas kesehatan masih terfokus pada kebutuhan fisik. Padahal, beberapa penelitian memperlihatkan adanya korelasi bermakna antara kesejahteraan spiritual dengan keagamaan dan kondisi fisik manusia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif korelasi dengan sampel 58 orang klien bidan dalam periode kehamilan, persalinan dan nifas yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hubungan variabel bebas dengan variabel terikat diolah menggunakan teknik product moment. Hasil uji korelasi menunjukkan ada hubungan antara kondisi spiritual dengan resiliensi psikologi klien nilai sig (2-tailed) kurang dari 0,05. Melalui penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi menambah referensi untuk memperbaiki kualitas pelayanan klien dan kurikulum pendidikan kebidanan.
Kata Kunci : Asuhan Spiritual, Asuhan Kebidanan, Klien Bidan, Resiliensi
Reading Development, Word Length and Frequency Effects: An Eye-Tracking Study with Slow and Fast Readers
Authors: Gerth Sabrina , Festman Julia 
Published: September 2021

Research on reading development attempts to explain differences in the reading patterns of adults and children. Previous studies, which typically analyzed word length and frequency effects in developing readers, often focused on dyslexic or dysfluent readers. Similar to previous studies, we investigated the effects of word length and word frequency on the eye movements of children and added several novel aspects: We tested 66 typically developing German-speaking children. Children’s oral reading fluency was used as measure of reading ability. Only fast readers (n = 34, mean age 10.9 ± 0.9 years) and slow readers (n = 32, 11.2 ± 0.9 years) participated in an eye-tracking experiment and silently read an age-appropriate original narrative text from a children’s book. The analysis of silent reading of the entire text confirmed the earlier group classification. To analyze word length and frequency, we selected 40 nouns as target words in the text. We found significant effects of word length and word frequency for all children in the expected direction. For fast readers, we detected significant interactions of word length and frequency in first fixation duration, gaze duration, and total reading time. These revealed a frequency effect for long, but not short words. This suggests lexical whole-word processing with a fast activation of the word’s lexical entry for shorter words and an application of the nonlexical route of the dual route cascaded model (DRC) with a slower lexical access to whole word forms for long words. Slow readers demonstrated a strong sensitivity to word length, indicating a slower or delayed lexical access to orthographic word forms. Additionally, they exhibited weaker word frequency effects. These findings suggest a developmental view of reading in typically developing children in accordance with the DRC, with nonlexical serial decoding as the seemingly prominent reading strategy of slow readers and lexical whole-word recognition as the prominent reading strategy of fast readers.
Traditional Chinese Medicine in Patients With Primary Sjogren's Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Chen Huang-Hsi , Lai Jung-Nien , Yu Min-Chien , Chen Chia-Yin , Hsieh Yi-Ting , Hsu Yi-Fan , Wei James Cheng-Chung 
Published: September 2021

Background: Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease mainly characterized by dryness, fatigue, and pain. Current therapies for SS in Western medicine are limited. The purpose of this clinical study was to explore the efficacy and safety of using a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula on patients with primary SS.Methods: We performed a 12-week, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial at Chung Shan Medical University Hospital. We included 42 patients with SS between the ages of 20 and 80 years who met the classification criteria of the American and European Consensus Group (AECG). Patients who had other severe systemic manifestations or diseases were excluded from this trial. After screening, patients were randomly assigned to the TCM treatment group or placebo group (ratio of 2:1). We treated the TCM group with 6 g of Gan-Lu-Yin granules after breakfast and 6 g of Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San combined with 1 g of Suan-Zao-Ren-Tang and 1 g of Ye-Jiao-Teng every night after dinner. Patients in the control group were treated with a placebo with the same appearance and flavor but only one-tenth the dosage of that received by the treatment group. The European League Against Rheumatism Sjogren's Syndrome Patient-Reported Index (ESSPRI) was used as the primary endpoint at week 12. Secondary endpoints were the Sjogren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index (SSDAI), physician global assessment (PGA), visual analogue scale (VAS), Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory, Medical Outcomes Survey Short Form-36, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Score (PSQI). Adverse events were also recorded.Results: Of the 42 randomized patients, 28 patients were assigned to the TCM treatment group and 14 patients were assigned to the controlled group. During the study period, 5 patients withdrew from the TCM group and 7 withdrew from the control group. At week 12, the ESSPRI scores of both groups had improved. The ESSPRI score of the treatment group decreased by 0.62 (95% CI P = 0.557) and that of the placebo group decreased by 0.91 (P = 0.557). However, no significant difference was observed between the two groups. Sleep duration in the PSQI was −0.61, which exhibited an improvement of more than the −0.21 compared with the placebo group (P = 0.914).Conclusion: At week 12, the ESSPRI scores did not reveal that the use of the TCM formula was efficacious for treating patients with Sjogren's syndrome. However, the PSQI scores indicated that this formula could prolong patient sleep duration. We also found that this formula could decrease the blood pressure of patients.
Light-Chain Amyloidosis With Peripheral Neuropathy as an Initial Presentation
Authors: Qian Min , Qin Lan , Shen Kaini , Guan Hongzhi , Ren Haitao , Zhao Yanhuan , Guan Yuzhou , Zhou Daobin , Peng Bin , Li Jian , Chen Lin 
Published: September 2021

Objective: This study aimed to better understand the clinical, electrophysiological, pathological features and prognosis of peripheral nerve involvements in primary immunoglobulin light-chain (AL) amyloidosis.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of eight AL amyloidosis patients with peripheral neuropathy as the initial presentation including clinical features, histopathological findings and treatment.Results: There were seven males and one female aged from 52 to 66 years. Initial symptoms included symmetrical lower extremity numbness, lower extremity pain and carpal tunnel syndrome. Seven patients suffered from severe pain and required pain management. Six patients had predominant autonomic dysfunction. Six patients had cardiac involvement, and one patient had renal involvement. Monoclonal proteins were found in all patients, with IgA λ in one, IgG λ in two, λ alone in three, κ alone in one and IgM κ in one. Sural nerve biopsies were performed in 7 cases, all of which showed amyloid deposition in the endoneurium (in the perivascular region in some cases), in addition to moderate to severe myelinated fiber loss with axonal degeneration. Six patients were treated with combined chemotherapy. In three patients who began chemotherapy earlier (6–10 months after onset), two achieved a hematological complete response, and one achieved a partial response. three patients who had delayed chemotherapy (36 months after onset) died between 5 and 12 months after diagnosis.Conclusion: Early recognition of AL amyloidosis with peripheral neuropathy as the initial symptom is very important. Nerve biopsy can help to make the diagnosis. Early diagnosis and chemotherapy are critical to achieve better outcomes.
Endovascular Recanalization and Standard Medical Management for Symptomatic Non-acute Intracranial Artery Occlusion: Study Protocol for a Non-randomized, 24-Month, Multicenter Study
Authors: Zhang Huijun , Han Jianjia , Sun Xuan , Miao Zhongrong , Guo Xu , Xu Guodong , Sun Yaxuan , Wen Chao , Wang Chaobin , Wu Yingchun , Xu Yaoming , Jiang Yuanfei , Zhang Shiyong , Liu Chao , Li Di , Liu Yan , Xu Chenghua , Gao Feng 
Published: September 2021

Background: The management of patients with symptomatic non-acute intracranial artery occlusion (sNA-ICAO), which is a special subset with high morbidity and a high probability of recurrent serious ischemic events despite standard medical therapy (SMT), has been clinically challenging. A number of small-sample clinical studies have also discussed endovascular recanalization (ER) for sNA-ICAO; however, there is currently a lack of evidence from multicenter, prospective, large-sample cohort trials. The purpose of our present study was to evaluate the technical feasibility and safety of ER for sNA-ICAO.Methods: Our group is currently undertaking a multisite, non-randomized cohort, prospective registry study enrolling consecutive patients presenting with sNA-ICAO at 15 centers in China between January 1, 2020 and December 31, 2022. A cohort of patients who received SMT and a cohort of similar patients who received ER plus SMT were constructed and followed up for 2 years. The primary outcome is any stroke from enrollment to 2 years of follow-up. The secondary outcomes are all-cause mortality, mRS score, NIHSS score and cognitive function from enrollment to 30 days, 3 months, 8 months, 12 months, 18 months, and 2 years of follow-up. Descriptive statistics and linear/logistic multiple regression models will be generated. Clinical relevance will be measured as relative risk reduction, absolute risk reduction and the number needed to treat.Discussion: The management of patients with sNA-ICAO has been clinically challenging. The current protocol aims to evaluate the technical feasibility and safety of ER for sNA-ICAO.Trial Registration Number:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT04864691.