bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Predictive Mortality Calculator in Antenatal Assessment of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Authors: Ishak Azril , Abu Hassan Hasyma , Mohd Jamil Amilia Afzan , Ramesh Vairavan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCongenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is one of the most common major congenital anomalies. In utero visceral organ herniation into the thoracic cavity can result in lung hypoplasia and pulmonary hypertension may ensue. Post-natal mortality rates in isolated CDH remain high reaching up to 80% in severe cases. Several prenatal predictors of morbidity and mortality have been proposed. Reliable predictive markers can aid clinicians in providing effective family counselling, prediction of survival, and propose therapeutic options. Decreased total fetal lung volume (TFLV) via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been reported to be significantly associated with mortality. We report on 2 cases of CDH, with fetal MRI performed at third trimester, focusing on the TFLV and observed-to-expected TFLV. We would like to highlight the importance of predictive mortality calculator which provides statistical data for healthcare providers in counselling families and aids in risk-stratification.
Recurrent Fetal Hydrops: Importance of Genetic Testing with Exome Sequencing—A Case Report
Authors: Raman Srimathy , Prakash Prakruthi K. , Shirodkar Savitha , Gururaj Shreelakshmi , Venkataram Padmalatha 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe report the case of a pregnant lady who had hydrops fetalis in three successive pregnancies and discuss the possible genetic causes and the systematic approach to evaluation of her pregnancy and her future reproductive options. Hydrops fetalis can occur due to a heterogeneous number of causes. Systematic evaluation helps in determining the cause which then determines the prognosis as well as recurrence in future pregnancies. Recurrent hydrops though rare, can occur because of single gene defects causing hematological, neurological, cardiac conditions, etc. Genetic testing and consideration of the role of exome sequencing is important in counseling families regarding their future pregnancy options as well as to offer prenatal diagnosis.
Effects of Three Genres of Focus Music on Heart Rate Variability and Sustained Attention
Authors: Kirk Ulrich , Ngnoumen Christelle , Clausel Alicia , Purvis Clare Kennedy 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPrevious research has demonstrated restorative effects of music, showing that exposure to music yields mental health benefits that include improvement in stress management. However, it remains unclear whether the benefits of “on the spot” music interventions extend to cognitive performance. The present study explored whether music can be applied as a low-cost, non-invasive “on the spot” intervention to improve cognitive performance and physiological effects. Specifically, studies has yet to examine whether the effects of different genres of focus music extend beyond stress management to include cognitive performance and physiological effects. To address this gap in the literature, the current study recruited 120 healthy adults in a fully randomized procedure involving three experimental groups of participants and a control group. Each experimental group was exposed to one specific genre of focus music compared to a no-music control group. In a between-group design, the study exposed three separate groups to jazz music, piano music, and lo-fi music respectively. The fourth group was a no-music control group. The study employed a 3-day experimental procedure and a follow-up procedure in which participants completed two attention monitoring tasks. Participants completed focus music interventions with a duration of 15 and 45 min. The follow-up procedure aimed to experimentally induce music familiarity and probe its effect on cognitive performance. To assess cardiovascular effects, heart rate variability (HRV) data was collected during the music intervention period and during a baseline period. Results showed performance differences across the three active music groups on the sustained attention to response task (SART) compared to the no-music control group. Furthermore, the study showed a physiological effect in the direction of increased parasympathetic activity indexed as an increased HRV response in the three active music groups compared to the no-music control group, adding to convergent lines of evidence suggesting that music can enhance parasympathetic activity and cognitive performance. In addition, the study found that music familiarity (relative to music unfamiliarity) influenced cognitive performance in the direction of faster reaction times (RTs) during the music intervention period in which participants were exposed to the attentional network task (ANT) and an increase in the physiological response in the familiar relative to the unfamiliar music condition. In summary, the study found evidence of a pronounced effect of three types of focus music on both cognitive performance and the underlying physiological response. Thus, focus music holds promise as an evidence-based intervention offering mental health benefits through physiological improvements and enhancement of cognitive processing.
A Generalized Approach to Longitudinal Momentum Determination in Cylindrical Straw Tube Detectors
Authors: Ikegami Andersson Walter , Akram Adeel , Johansson Tord , Kliemt Ralf , Papenbrock Michael , Regina Jenny , Schönning Karin , Stockmanns Tobias 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe upcoming PANDA experiment at FAIR will be among a new generation of particle physics experiments to employ a novel event filtering system realised purely in software, i.e. a software trigger. To educate its triggering decisions, online reconstruction algorithms need to offer outstanding performance in terms of efficiency and track quality. We present a method to reconstruct longitudinal track parameters in PANDA’s Straw Tube Tracker, which is general enough to be easily added to other track finding algorithms that focus on transversal reconstruction. For the pattern recognition part of this method, three approaches are employed and compared: a combinatorial path finding approach, a Hough transformation, and a recursive annealing fit. In a systematic comparison, the recursive annealing fit was found to outperform the other approaches in every category of quality parameters and reaches a reconstruction efficacy of 95% and higher. Due to its computational simplicity, the recursive annealing fit was also found to have faster execution times compared to the other algorithms.
Online exams and the COVID-19 pandemic: a hybrid modified FMEA, QFD, and k-means approach to enhance fairness
Authors: Gorgani Hamid Haghshenas , Shabani Sharif 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCOVID-19 pandemic caused an increasing demand for online academic classes, which led to the demand for effective online exams with regards to limitations on time and resources. Consequently, holding online exams with sufficient reliability and effectiveness became one of the most critical and challenging subjects in higher education. Therefore, it is essential to have a preventive algorithm to allocate time and financial resources effectively. In the present study, a fair test with sufficient validity is first defined, and then by analogy with an engineering product, the design process is implemented on it. For this purpose, a hybrid method based on FMEA, which is a preventive method to identify potential failure modes and prioritize their risk, is employed. The method's output is provided to the QFD algorithm as the needs of product customers. Then, the proposed solutions to prevent failures are weighted and prioritized as the product's technical features. Some modifications are made to the classic form of FMEA in the proposed method to eliminate its deficiencies and contradictions. Therefore, our proposed algorithm is a precautionary approach that works to prevent breakdowns instead of fixing them following their occurrence. This issue is very effective in increasing the efficiency of activities in times of crisis. Eventually, a prioritized list of preventive actions is provided, allowing us to choose from available solutions in the circumstances with limited time and budgetary, where we cannot take all possible actions.
Three-dimensional strain analysis of asphalt pavement based on vehicle–pavement model of interaction
Authors: Zhang Runfeng , Liu Xiaolan , Zhang Xianmin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study analyzes the 3D (3D) strain on a pavement by using a model of a vehicle with seven degrees of freedom and that of a road in elastic half-space by using the finite element software ANSYS. The results are as follows: The 3D strain on the two wheels along the centerline was significantly influenced by the superposition of the wheel, and the 3D strain under a single wheel was far higher than that along the centerline of two wheels, and represented the most unfavorable position on the road. The vertical strain consisted mainly of compressive strain at different depths, and that at the bottom of the pavement was slightly higher than that on top. The longitudinal and transverse strains were all compressive strains on top of the pavement and tensile strains at the bottom, respectively. The longitudinal and transverse strains both on top and at the bottom of the pavement were similar. The authors then analyzed the influence of the thickness of the pavement, its modulus, and equivalent resilient modulus on the vertical compressive strain, longitudinal tensile strain, and transverse tensile strain in case of a single wheel. Furthermore, a model to predict the 3D strain under the comprehensive effect of the structural parameters of the road was established. It can provide the basis and a reference for the design, construction, fault detection, and maintenance of roads.
In vitro antiplasmodial activity, cytotoxicity, antioxidant action and GC-FID analysis of Allanblackia floribunda Oliv
Authors: Irabor Francis , Ebohon Osamudiamen , Erhunse Nekpen , Okugbo Osariemen T. , Omoregie Ehimwenma S. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study evaluated the in vitro antiplasmodial efficacy and cytotoxicity of Allanbackia floribunda stem bark extract, leaf extract and oil. It also assessed the phytochemical compositions and antioxidant action of the stem bark fractions as well as the phytochemical fingerprint of the most active fraction (dichloromethane). Trager and Jensen method was used to culture Plasmodium falciparum, Mark III test developed by WHO was used to assess the antiplasmodial activity of the plant’s crude extract and fractions against the ring stage of P. falciparum strain, Pf3D7. Cytotoxicity was determined against Vero cell line using microculture tetrazolium (MTT) test. Gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) was employed to identify phytochemical fingerprint of the most active fraction. The stem bark extract had better antiplasmodial activity (IC50Pf3D7 of 4.3 ± 0.17 μg/mL) compared with the leaf extract (IC50Pf3D7, 8.0 ± 0.28 μg/mL) and oil (IC50Pf3D7 > 100 μg/mL). Both the leaf and stem bark extracts were found to be non-cytotoxic compared with the standard cytotoxic drug, doxorubicin. The selectivity indices (S.I.) of the extracts against the parasite were 20.06 and 8.85 for the stem bark and leaf respectively. Dichloromethane fraction had the highest inhibition against the P. falciparum parasite with IC50Pf3D7 of 1.51 μg/ mL. GC-FID analysis showed high presence antiplasmodial flavonoids and terpenes. This investigation confirmed that A. floribunda stem bark has potent activity against P. falciparum, and it is relatively safe to normal cell.

Article Highlights

Allanblackia floribunda methanol stem bark and leaf extracts could inhibit the growth of chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium falciparum (Pf3D7) in vitro.

The stem bark infusion of Allanblackia floribunda was found to be nontoxic and safe at moderate doses to normal cell line (Vero cell line).

Dichloromethane fraction of the stem bark showed excellent inhibition against chloroquine sensitive malaria parasite.
Exploring How and Why to Develop Patient-Centered Packaging: A Multiple-Case Study with Pharmaceutical Companies
Authors: Carli Lorenzini Giana , Olsson Annika 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatient centricity has gained attention ranging from regulatory authorities to patient advocacy groups, calling for pharmaceutical companies to revise their traditional business approach to drug development by including the development of solutions that are meaningful in patients’ lives. Medication packaging is one area where empirical evidence is lacking about the incorporation of patient centricity. This study aimed to explore patient centricity applied to pharmaceutical companies’ packaging, and to identify the specific challenges faced and lessons learned when developing patient-centered packaging.MethodsThe study followed a multiple-case study research approach based on five cases of patient-centered packaging development in mid- and large-sized pharmaceutical companies.ResultsPatient-centered packaging is often associated with the intuitive and self-explanatory use of the medication by patients. Patient-centered packaging comes with challenges, but also offers opportunities for the creation of better solutions for patients and learning for the teams involved. To overcome these challenges, it is essential to build a business case that justifies such development, one where patient needs are present from the start and aligned with other imperative deadlines of drug development, with stakeholders onboard.ConclusionPatient-centered packaging is the exception rather than the norm in packaging development due to a conventional approach where packaging plays an ancillary role to drug protection. The cases presented here challenge this approach and can inspire other companies to carry out patient-centered packaging development. The cases are also relevant to other actors who are interested in continuously promoting the dialogue about patient centricity in healthcare.
Cyberbullying and internet safety: a survey of child and adolescent mental health practitioners
Authors: Lonergan Aoife , Moriarty Amy , McNicholas Fiona , Byrne Triona 
Published: September 2021

Objectives:Cyberbullying is increasingly recognised as a threat for young people’s mental health. Young people and their families may not know how to stay safe online or how to respond following unsafe internet experiences. This study aimed to examine Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS) staff perceived knowledge, practice and attitudes towards cyberbullying (CB) and internet safety (IS), and their training needs.Methods:A descriptive, survey design was used. 59 CAMHS clinicians completed a study specific online survey examining their knowledge, practice, attitudes and training needs regarding CB and IS. Frequency and descriptive statistics were conducted on participant responses.Results:Clinicians reported that risky internet behaviour and CB were frequent experiences reported by youth attending their clinical practice. Professionals were aware of potential adverse effects on the young person, including social withdrawal, low self-esteem, anxiety, self-injurious behaviour and suicidal thoughts. Training for young people on online behaviour and good digital citizenship skills was a highly endorsed preference. The majority of respondents felt CAMHS staff have a role in supporting families and managing IS and identified training and resource materials as strategies to assist them in this regard.Conclusions:Findings support a need for clinicians to regularly inquire about internet use, safety and adverse online experiences. The ongoing development of resources and training in CB and IS for CAMHS clinicians, children and caregivers is necessary. Further research is warranted due to the small sample size and the subjective nature of the current study.
Kurdistan on the Sèvres Centenary: How a Distinct People Became the World’s Largest Stateless Nation
Authors: Radpey Loqman 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn August 1920, the political fate of the Kurdish nation, along with its territory, Kurdistan, were on the line, after the Allies asserted their interest in national rights to self-determination following World War I. Under the Treaty of Sèvres, Kurds were acknowledged as an ethno-political entity in the Wilsonian perspective, yet the ideal of self-determination failed to crystallize as a full legal right to independent nationhood. Thus, Kurdish statehood was annulled. In contrast, the drawing of states’ boundaries in Europe took place mostly along national lines. The result has been an untenable diversity across regions affected by the War in the varieties of self-determination, arguing that some peoples’ nationhood was credited with less legitimacy than others. The departure of imperial powers and subsequently the League of Nations from self-determination for achieving territorial independence came as a result of imperialist world policies to reorder political influence. With the adoption of self-determination as one of the purposes of the UN in 1945, and with the crystallization of self-determination as a legal right in 1966 and the subsequent campaign of decolonization, it could be argued the Kurds’ status was not repositioned and in some way is invisible to the law of self-determination, as applied.
Global Capital Cycles and Market Discipline: Perceptions of Developing-Country Borrowers
Authors: Zeitz Alexandra O. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDeveloping countries are often thought to be particularly exposed to the constraints of global markets. Facing scrutiny from foreign investors, why do developing-country governments enter international bond markets, especially when they can access cheaper finance from international financial institutions? I argue that borrowing governments' perception of market constraints depends on global liquidity. When bond markets are highly liquid, investors become more risk acceptant and governments perceive the political costs of borrowing to be lower, especially compared to the conditionality of concessional loans. I use data on the timing of bond issues and three case studies—Ethiopia, Ghana, and Kenya—to demonstrate that choices to issue debt were shaped by global liquidity. These findings nuance debates about how markets constrain governments, emphasizing that market constraints are conditional on systemic factors, including, global liquidity.
Complications of combination intranasal corticosteroids and anti-retroviral therapy
Authors: James J , Caulley L , Collins J , Hopkins C 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundIntranasal corticosteroids are widely used for management of many upper airway diseases because of their ability to effectively deliver local relief of inflammation.Case reportThis paper presents the case of a 51-year-old man with human immunodeficiency virus treated with ritonavir who was started on fluticasone intranasal spray for presumed chronic rhinosinusitis. Months after starting this therapy, he developed symptoms of Cushing's syndrome and avascular necrosis of the shoulder due to the pharmacological interactions between fluticasone and ritonavir.ConclusionAlthough intranasal corticosteroids are deemed a low-risk route of drug administration, clinicians need to be vigilant in appropriately prescribing corticosteroids in the setting of drug potentiators, particularly in these high-risk patients. Alternative corticosteroids such as beclomethasone dipropionate should be considered in such cases.
Shared haemogregarine infections in competing lacertids
Authors: Dajčman Urban , Carretero Miguel A. , Megía-Palma Rodrigo , Perera Ana , Kostanjšek Rok , Žagar Anamarija 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn parasite–host interactions host species may differ in their ability to fight parasitic infections, while other ecological interactions, including competition, may differentially alter their physiological state, making them even more susceptible to parasites. In this study, we analyse the haemogregarine blood parasites infecting two competing lizard species,Iberolacerta horvathiandPodarcis muralis, and explore host–parasite relationships under different host competition scenarios. Both species were infected with haemogregarine parasites belonging to the genusKaryolysus. Using the 18S rRNA gene, six newKaryolysushaplotypes were identified clustering with other Central and Eastern European samples, and widely shared between both lizard hosts. Haemogregarine infections were detected at all sampled sites with over 50% of individuals parasitized. Overall,I. horvathiwas more frequently and also more intensely parasitized thanP. muralis, with higher infection rates observed in syntopy. Males of both species tended to be more frequently infected and showed a higher infection intensity than conspecific females. The results suggest that parasitisation by haemogregarines may be relevant in the dynamics of the competitive relationship between these lizard species. More studies, including immunological response analysis, and the identification of the vectors are needed to better understand host–parasite relationships and competition.
Use of helminth therapy for management of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease: a systematic review
Authors: Shields Victoria Emma , Cooper Jan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe incidence rate of inflammatory bowel diseases is increasing in developed countries. As such there is an increasing demand for new therapies. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate whether there is evidence to support the use of helminth therapy for the management of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Four databases (PubMed, Embase, Medline and the Cochrane Central Register of Control Trials) were searched for primary evidence in the form of clinical studies. Nine studies were suitable for inclusion: five double-blind randomized control trials and four open-label studies. This review divided the results of the studies into two categories: (a) the efficacy of helminth therapy and (b) the safety of helminth therapy. Results regarding the efficacy were mixed and a conclusive answer could not be reached, as there was not enough evidence to rule out a placebo effect. More research is needed, particularly studies with control groups to address the possibility of a placebo effect. Despite this, all nine studies concluded helminth therapy was safe and tolerable, and therefore there is currently no evidence against further exploration of this treatment option.
Star-shaped order for distributions characterized by several parameters and some applications
Authors: Arab Idir , Hadjikyriakou Milto , Oliveira Paulo Eduardo , Santos Beatriz 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe star-shaped ordering between probability distributions is a common way to express aging properties. A well-known criterion was proposed by Saunders and Moran [(1978). On the quantiles of the gamma and F distributions.Journal of Applied Probability15(2): 426–432], to order families of distributions depending on one real parameter. However, the lifetime of complex systems usually depends on several parameters, especially when considering heterogeneous components. We extend the Saunders and Moran criterion characterizing the star-shaped order when the multidimensional parameter moves along a given direction. A few applications to the lifetime of complex models, namely parallel and series models assuming different individual components behavior, are discussed.