bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adverse drug reactions of leukotriene receptor antagonists in children with asthma: a systematic review
Authors: Dixon Eleanor Grace , Rugg-Gunn Charlotte EM , Sellick Vanessa , Sinha Ian P , Hawcutt Daniel B 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundAsthma is the most common chronic condition of childhood. Leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) are included in international guidelines for children and young people (CYP), but there have been highly publicised concerns about potential adverse effects. The aim was to identify and understand the reported frequency of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) attributed to LTRAs in CYP with asthma.MethodsEmbase, MEDLINE, PubMed and CINAHL were searched up to October 2020. Reference lists of eligible papers were manually screened. Eligible studies identified adverse events attributed to an LTRA in individuals aged between 0 and 18 years diagnosed with asthma. Four different tools were used to assess risk of bias or quality of data to accommodate the papers assessed.ResultsThe search identified 427 papers after deduplication; 15 were included (7 case reports, 7 case–controlled or cohort studies and 1 randomised control trial (RCT)). 7012 patients were recorded, of which 6853 received an LTRA. 13 papers examined the ADRs attributed to montelukast, one to pranlukast and one to unspecified LTRAs. After language standardisation, 48 ADRs were found, 20 of which were psychiatric disorders. Across all studies, the most commonly reported ADRs were ‘anxiety’, ‘sleep disorders’ and ‘mood disorders’. The frequency of ADRs could be calculated in seven of the eight studies. Applying standardised frequency terms to the prospective studies and RCT, there were 14 ‘common’ and ‘uncommon’ ADRs. ‘Common’ ADRs included ‘agitation/hyperactivity/irritability/nervousness’, ‘aggression’ and ‘headache’. The case reports showed a similar pattern, describing 46 different ADRs experienced by a total of eight patients.ConclusionsLTRAs have a wide range of suspected ADRs in CYP, predominantly gastrointestinal and neuropsychiatric disorders. Careful monitoring of CYP with asthma is required, both to assess and manage ADRs and to step treatment down when clinically stable.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020209627.
Helicobacter pyloriinfection disturbs the tumor immune microenvironment and is associated with a discrepant prognosis in gastric de novo diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Deng Yuwei , Su Wenjia , Zhu Junwen , Ji Hongfei , Zhou Xiaoping , Geng Jingshu , Zhu Jiayu , Zhang Qingyuan 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundGastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (gDLBCL) related toHelicobacter pyloriinfection exhibits a wide spectrum of prognosis, and the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) affects tumor progression. However, there are few studies on the correlation between prognosis and changes of TIME induced byH. pyloriinfection in de novo gDLBCL.MethodsA retrospective study was performed to determine the prognostic value of TIME related toH. pyloriinfection in de novo gDLBCL. A total of 252 patients were included and have been treated with standard rituximab to cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone chemotherapy or other similar regimens in addition toH. pylorieradication (HPE). All patients were stratified byH. pyloriinfection, HPE efficacy, and preliminary TIME evaluation using conventional criteria. Statistical analyses were conducted. To assess the mechanism, 30 subjects were assessed forH. pyloriinfection. The components and spatial distributions of TIME were analyzed.ResultsThe median follow-up of the 252 patients was 66.6 months (range 0.7–119.2), and the 5-year overall survival (OS) was 78.0%. A total of 109H.pylori-positive cases with pathological complete remission and high tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (cohort 1) had significantly higher 5-year progression-free survival (88.1% vs 70.5%, p<0.001) and OS (89.2% vs 76.6%, p<0.001) than the other 143 patients (cohort 2). Among 30 patients, 19 were cytotoxin-associated gene A-marked as the cohort 1 subset. Compared with cohort 2, cohort 1 exhibited increased inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon γ, etc) and decreased immunosuppressive components (PD-L1, PD-1, IL-10, etc). There was reduced NF-kB activation. Cancer-promoting immune cells (PD-1hiTim-3+ CTL, Tregs, M2-like macrophages, etc) occupied a minor spatial distribution, while the antitumor subtypes increased, corresponding to favorable survival.ConclusionH. pylori-evoked inflammatory responses disturb the TIME, causing a differential prognosis in de novo gDLBCL, which can be used to identify patients who could benefit from HPE and immunochemotherapy.
Embotrap Extraction & Clot Evaluation & Lesion Evaluation for NeuroThrombectomy (EXCELLENT) Registry design and methods
Authors: Siddiqui Adnan H , Waqas Muhammad , Brinjikji Waleed , De Meyer Simon F , Doyle Karen , Fiehler Jens , Hacke Werner , Hanel Ricardo A , Jovin Tudor G , Liebeskind David S , Yoo Albert J , Zaidat Osama O , Andersson Tommy , Nogueira Raul G 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundRelationships between occlusive clot histopathology, baseline characteristics, imaging findings, revascularization rates, and clinical outcomes of stroke patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) are not well understood. This study will assess the real-world experience on the efficacy and safety of using the EmboTrap device as the first approach in LVO patients and explore the associations between clot histological characteristics, imaging and clinical findings, revascularization rates, and clinical outcomes.MethodsProspective, global, multicenter, single-arm, imaging core laboratory, and clot analysis central laboratory observational registry. Adult patients (>18 years) with LVO, treated with EmboTrap as the first attempted device, will be eligible for study participation.ResultsUp to 1000 subjects at 50 international sites may be enrolled. Occlusive clots will be collected from at least 500 subjects. Independent central and imaging core laboratories will perform clot analysis and image adjudication. Statistical analysis will assess the association between imaging and clinical findings, clot characteristics, subject comorbidities, revascularization, and clinical outcomes. Study endpoints are functional independence (modified Rankin Scale score ≤2 at 90 days), expanded Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction (eTICI) score ≥2b50 rate, first-pass effect, number of passes, embolization into new territory, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, and 90-day mortality.ConclusionsThe EXCELLENT registry will provide reproducible effectiveness and safety data of EmboTrap for its use for mechanical thrombectomy. Additionally, the study will characterize the blood clots retrieved during mechanical thrombectomy with respect to their composition and histopathological analysis and potential correlations with clinical and imaging findings.Trial registration numberNCT03685578.
Similar admission NIHSS may represent larger tissue-at-risk in patients with right-sided versus left-sided large vessel occlusion
Authors: Mak Adrian , Matouk Charles , Avery Emily W , Behland Jonas , Frey Dietmar , Madai Vince Istvan , Vajkoczy Peter , Malhotra Ajay , Abou Karam Anthony , Sanelli Pina , Falcone Guido J , Petersen Nils H , Sansing Lauren , Sheth Kevin N , Payabvash Seyedmehdi 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundWe investigated the effects of the side of large vessel occlusion (LVO) on post-thrombectomy infarct volume and clinical outcome with regard to admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score.MethodsWe retrospectively identified patients with anterior LVO who received endovascular thrombectomy and follow-up MRI. Applying voxel-wise general linear models and multivariate analysis, we assessed the effects of occlusion side, admission NIHSS, and post-thrombectomy reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction, mTICI) on final infarct distribution and volume as well as discharge modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score.ResultsWe included 469 patients, 254 with left-sided and 215 with right-sided LVO. Admission NIHSS was higher in those with left-sided LVO (median (IQR) 16 (10–22)) than in those with right-sided LVO (14 (8–16), p>0.001). In voxel-wise analysis, worse post-thrombectomy reperfusion, lower admission NIHSS score, and poor discharge outcome were associated with right-hemispheric infarct lesions. In multivariate analysis, right-sided LVO was an independent predictor of larger final infarct volume (p=0.003). There was a significant three-way interaction between admission stroke severity (based on NIHSS), LVO side, and mTICI with regard to final infarct volume (p=0.041). Specifically, in patients with moderate stroke (NIHSS 6–15), incomplete reperfusion (mTICI 0–2b) was associated with larger final infarct volume (p<0.001) and worse discharge outcome (p=0.02) in right-sided compared with left-sided LVO.ConclusionsWhen adjusted for admission NIHSS, worse post-thrombectomy reperfusion is associated with larger infarct volume and worse discharge outcome in right-sided versus left-sided LVO. This may represent larger tissue-at-risk in patients with right-sided LVO when applying admission NIHSS as a clinical biomarker for penumbra.
Intracranial non-occlusive intraluminal thrombus may indicate underlying etiology of large vessel occlusion in patients undergoing endovascular therapy
Authors: Jang Seong Hwa , Park Hyungjong , Yoo Joonsang , Hong Jeong-Ho , Lee Jin Soo , Lee Seong-Joon , Kim Yong-Won , Hong Ji Man , Choi Jin Wook , Kang Dong-Hun , Kim Yong-Sun , Hwang Yang-Ha , Sohn Sung-Il 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundThe underlying etiology of intracranial non-occlusive intraluminal thrombus (iNOT) remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate whether the presence of iNOT can indicate the underlying etiology of large vessel occlusion (LVO) in patients undergoing endovascular therapy (EVT).MethodsAmong patients who underwent EVT at three comprehensive stroke centers, we included those with intracranial LVO in the anterior circulation. The presence of iNOT was determined by pretreatment DSA. We investigated the association between iNOT and intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) related LVO.ResultsOf 546 patients, 44 (8.1%) had iNOT. Patients with iNOT were younger, had less hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and a history of antiplatelet use. In addition, the involvement of the M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) was more frequent. However, they had a lower National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score on admission and longer onset to recanalization time compared with patients with no iNOT. In a logistic regression model adjusting for age, sex, atrial fibrillation, smoking, prior antiplatelet and anticoagulant use, intravenous tissue plasminogen activator, NIHSS on admission, number of technical trials, intraprocedural re-occlusion, and the location of LVO (p<0.10 in the univariate analysis), the presence of iNOT was significantly associated with ICAS related LVO (adjusted OR 3.04; 95% CI 1.33 to 6.90; p=0.007).ConclusionsThe presence of iNOT may reflect an underlying ICAS related LVO in patients undergoing EVT.
Quantitative angiographic haemodynamic evaluation of bypasses for complex aneurysms: a preliminary study
Authors: Lu Junlin , Xue Chao , Hu Xulin , Zhao Yuanli , Zhang Dong , Chen Xiaolin , Zhao Ji Zong 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveOpen microsurgery, often with bypass techniques, is indispensable for complex aneurysms. To date, it remains unknown whether arterial anatomy or quantitative blood flow measurements can predict insufficient flow-related stroke (IRS). The present study aimed to evaluate the risk factors for IRS in patients treated with open microsurgery with bypass procedures for complex internal carotid artery aneurysms.MethodsPatients with complex aneurysms undergoing bypass surgery were retrospectively reviewed. The recipient/donor flow index (RDFI) was preoperatively evaluated using colour-coding angiography. RDFI was defined as the ratio of the cerebral blood volume of the recipient and donor arteries. The sizes of the recipient and donor arteries were measured. The recipient/donor diameter index (RDDI) was then calculated. IRS was defined as the presence of new postoperative neurological deficits and infarction on postoperative CT scans. We assessed the association between RDFI and other variables and the IRS.ResultsTwenty patients (38±12 years) were analysed. IRS was observed in 12 patients (60%). Patients with postoperative IRS had a higher RDFI than those without postoperative IRS (p<0.001). RDDI was not significantly different between patients with and without IRS (p=0.905). Patients with RDFI >2.3 were more likely to develop IRS (p<0.001).ConclusionQuantitative digital subtraction angiography enables preoperative evaluation of cerebral blood volume. RDFI >2.3, rather than RDDI, was significantly associated with postoperative IRS. This preoperative evaluation allows appropriate decisions regarding the treatment strategy for preventing postoperative IRS.
Novel role of STAT3 in microglia-dependent neuroinflammation after experimental subarachnoid haemorrhage
Authors: Zheng Zhiyuan Vera , Chen Junfan , Lyu Hao , Lam Sin Yu Erica , Lu Gang , Chan Wai Yee , Wong George K C 
Published: October 2021

Background and purposeSignal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) may contribute to the proinflammation in the central nervous system diseases by modulating the microglial responses. Thus, this study was intended to investigate the effect of STAT3 on microglia-dependent neuroinflammation and functional outcome after experimental subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH).MethodsThe SAH model was established by endovascular perforation in the mouse. Real-time PCR (RtPCR) and western blot were used to examine the dynamic STAT3 signalling pathway responses after SAH. To clarify the role of the STAT3 signalling pathway in the microglia-dependent neuroinflammation after SAH, the microglia-specific STAT3 knockout (KO) mice were generated by the Cre-LoxP system. The neurological functions were assessed by Catwalk and Morris water maze tests. Neuronal loss after SAH was determined by immunohistochemistry staining. Microglial polarisation status after STAT3 KO was then examined by RtPCR and immunofluorescence.ResultsThe STAT3 and Janus kinase-signal transducer 2 activated immediately with the upregulation and phosphorylation after SAH. Downstream factors and related mediators altered dynamically and accordingly. Microglial STAT3 deletion ameliorated the neurological impairment and alleviated the early neuronal loss after SAH. To investigate the underlying mechanism, we examined the microglial reaction after STAT3 KO. STAT3 deletion reversed the increase of microglia after SAH. Loss of STAT3 triggered the early morphological changes of microglia and primed microglia from M1 to M2 polarisation. Functionally, microglial STAT3 deletion suppressed the SAH-induced proinflammation and promoted the anti-inflammation in the early phase.ConclusionsSTAT3 is closely related to the microglial polarisation transition and modulation of microglia-dependent neuroinflammation. Microglial STAT3 deletion improved neurological function and neuronal survival probably through promoting M2 polarisation and anti-inflammatory responses after SAH. STAT3 may serve as a promising therapeutic target to alleviate early brain injury after SAH.
Study on Serum miR-204 Expression Levels in Patients with Severe Pneumonia and Patients with Primary Bronchial Lung Cancer and Its Diagnostic Value
Authors: Zheng Wenhong , Huang Wei , Yu Xuchao 
Published: October 2021

Objective. To analyze the expression and clinical significance of miR-204 in the serum of patients with severe pneumonia (SP) and primary bronchial lung cancer (LC). Methods. 65 SP patients and 43 primary bronchial LC patients who were treated in the hospital from January 2017 to December 2018 were randomly selected as the SP group and LC group. At the same time, healthy patients from the physical examination department of the hospital were selected. 65 cases were the control group. QRT-PCR detected serum miR-204 expression and compared the differences between groups. The pathological data of patients were collected, and the relationship between serum miR-204 and the patient’s pathological data was compared; the area under the ROC curve and Kaplan–Meier curve were used to evaluate the diagnostic value of serum miR-204 for the two conditions and to explore the relationship between serum miR-204 and prognosis. Results. The serum miR-204 of the SP group was (0.43 ± 0.09), the serum miR-204 of the LC group was (0.40 ± 0.10), the serum miR-204 of the control group was (1.00 ± 0.09), and the miR-204 level of was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (

P

< 0.05). There was no significant difference in serum miR-204 levels between the SP group and the LC group (

P

> 0.05). Serum miR-204 levels in SP patients with cumulative organs ≥3 were higher than those with cumulative organs <3, and the difference was statistically significant (

P

< 0.001). In the LC group, in patients with stage III to IV and low and undifferentiated patients, the level of miR-204 was higher than that of stage I∼II and high and moderately differentiated patients, and the difference was statistically significant (

P

< 0.001). The level of miR-204 in the two groups of patients (0.89 ± 0.10, 0.83 ± 0.13) who died of illness was significantly higher than that of the surviving patients (1.00 ± 0.11, 1.00 ± 0.10), and the difference was statistically significant (

P

< 0.05); the survival rate of patients with high expression of miR-204 was higher than that of patients with low expression. The AUC of serum miR-204 level to SP and LC was 0.766 and 0.818, respectively. Conclusion. The level of miR-204 in the serum of SP patients and patients with primary bronchial LC was significantly lower than that of healthy people, and patients who died were lower than those who survived; the miR-204 in serum has a good diagnostic value for SP and LC and is related to the survival and prognosis of patients.
The Perils of Regridding: Examples using a Global Precipitation Dataset
Authors: Rajulapati Chandra Rupa , Papalexiou Simon Michael , Clark Martyn P. , Pomeroy John W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGridded precipitation datasets are used in many applications such as the analysis of climate variability/change and hydrological modelling. Regridding precipitation datasets is common for model coupling (e.g., coupling atmospheric and hydrological models) or comparing different models and datasets. However, regridding can considerably alter precipitation statistics. In this global analysis, the effects of regridding a precipitation dataset are emphasized using three regridding methods (first order conservative, bilinear, and distance weighted averaging). The differences between the original and regridded dataset are substantial and greatest at high quantiles. Differences of 46 mm and 0.13 mm are noted in high (0.95) and low (0.05) quantiles respectively. The impacts of regridding vary spatially for land and oceanic regions; there are substantial differences at high quantiles in tropical land regions, and at low quantiles in polar regions. These impacts are approximately the same for different regridding methods. The differences increase with the size of the grid at higher quantiles and vice versa for low quantiles. As the grid resolution increases, the difference between original and regridded data declines, yet the shift size dominates for high quantiles for which the differences are higher. Whilst regridding is often necessary to use gridded precipitation datasets, it should be used with great caution for fine resolutions (e.g., daily and sub-daily), as it can severely alter the statistical properties of precipitation, specifically at high and low quantiles.
Identification of ferroptosis-associated genes exhibiting altered expression in response to cardiopulmonary bypass during corrective surgery for pediatric tetralogy of fallot
Authors: Liu Hongtao , Zhang Bingyong , Chen Shaofeng , Zhang Yun , Ye Xin , Wei Yi , Zhong Guihong , Zhang Liangqing 
Published: October 2021

Background Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) is a life-threatening congenital cardiovascular disorder. Currently, the most effective therapeutic intervention for pediatric ToF remains corrective surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death, driven by an accumulation of lipid peroxides to levels sufficient to trigger cell death. Ferroptosis was recently linked to cardiac ischemia and reperfusion injury. However, few studies have examined CPB-associated ferroptosis. Method In the current study, pediatric ToF patient pre- and post-CPB atrial biopsy gene expression profiles were downloaded from a public database, and 117 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test and weighted gene correlation network analysis. These were screened for ferroptosis-associated genes using the FerrDb database, thereby identifying ten genes. Finally, the construction of gene-microRNA (miRNA) and gene-transcription factor (TF) networks, in conjunction with gene ontology and biological pathway enrichment analysis, were used to inform hypotheses regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying CPB-associated ferroptosis. Results Ten genes involved in CPB-associated ferroptosis(ATF3,TNFAIP3，CDKN1A, ZFP36, JUN，SLC2A3, IL6, CXCL2, PTGS2, and DDIT3). Ferroptosis-associated genes were largely involved in myocardial inflammatory responses and may be regulated by a number of identified miRNAs and TFs, thereby suggesting modulatable pathways potentially involved in CPB-associated ferroptosis. Conclusions Results suggest that CPB precipitates ferroptosis within cardiac tissue during corrective Surgery for Pediatric Tetralogy of Fallot. These findings may ultimately help improve outcomes of corrective surgery for pediatric ToF.
Political Subjectivation, Generation, and Postmemory: Understanding the Activists of the 2011 Chilean Student Movement
Authors: Ortiz Ruiz Nicolás 
Published: October 2021

Analysis of the life stories of three activists involved in the 2011 student mobilization in Chile reveals a particular articulation of the painful memories of their parents, who had been political radicals before or during the Pinochet dictatorship, that allowed them to build a perspective on their own struggle and develop effective narratives that fueled their activism. The research sheds light on the nature of postmemory and political subjectivation in transitional societies. El análisis de las historias de vida de tres activistas involucrados en la movilización estudiantil de 2011 en Chile revela una particular articulación de los dolorosos recuerdos de sus padres, quienes fueran radicales políticos antes o durante la dictadura de Pinochet. Esto les permitió construir una perspectiva sobre su propia lucha y desarrollar narrativas efectivas para alimentar su activismo. La investigación se enfoca en la naturaleza de la posmemoria y la subjetivación política en las sociedades en transición.