bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of the Rates of Liquid‐Solid Heat and Mass Transfer in Annular Ducts by Using Circular Fins
Authors: Taha Mahmoud M. , Negm Islam A. , Nosier Shaaban A. , Mubarak Ashraf A. , Abdel-Aziz Mohamed H. , El-Naggar Mohamed A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRates of solid‐liquid mass and heat transfer (by analogy) were measured at the outer surface of the inner tube of an annular duct under developing flow conditions using the electrochemical method that elaborates the measurement of the limiting current of the reduction of K3Fe(CN)6 at the tested model surface. Variables examined were physical features of the solution (density ρ, viscosity μ, and diffusivity D), solution superficial velocity, tube active length, and tube diameter. The experimental results were correlated by a dimensionless equation involving all affecting parameters. Due to the presence of the circular fins at the tube surface, the degree of mass transfer was enhanced by a factor ranging from two to six subject to the operative settings. Applications of the current findings in the design of catalytic reactors, membrane dialyzers, and double‐pipe heat exchangers were discussed.
Split Heat Pump Distillation Based on Two‐Stage Compression for Separating an Acetone‐Water Mixture
Authors: Yang Deming , Li Ming , Lou Chao , Wan Dehao , Yun Yi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThere is a constant concentration zone for acetone‐water mixtures, and the average relative volatility of the two components in the constant concentration zone is only 1.41, so the energy consumption of the conventional distillation process is high. Two kinds of split mechanical vapor recompression (MVR) heat pump distillation processes, i.e., single‐stage and two‐stage compression processes, were proposed to separate acetone‐water mixtures. The thermodynamic data of the mixture were calculated and modules of Aspen Plus were used to simulate the distillation column and steam compressor. Taking the minimum total annual cost as the objective function, the conventional MVR and the two split MVR heat pump distillation processes were simulated and optimized. Compared with the conventional process, the MVR heat pump distillation process had greater economic advantages, and the split heat pump distillation (SHPD) with two‐stage compression was superior to the other MVR heat pump distillation processes.
Chiral organic stereochemistry: Chiral HPLC, chiral auxiliaries, CD spectroscopy, X‐ray crystallography, and light‐powered chiral molecular motors
Authors: Harada Nobuyuki 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the studies of chiral organic stereochemistry, it is important to use enantiopure compounds. For this purpose, the chiral HPLC (High‐Pressure Liquid Chromatography) columns containing chiral stationary phases were invented by Y. Okamoto and coworkers for enantio‐separating various racemic compounds. In addition, the use of chiral auxiliaries is also useful for preparing enantiopure compounds and also for determining their absolute configurations, where covalent‐bonded diastereomers are separated by HPLC on silica gel. In this review article, these HPLC methods will be discussed together with the applications to some interesting organic compounds including light‐powered chiral molecular motors.
Highly Stereocontrolled Total Syntheses of Cedrane Sesquiterpenes via Cascade [5+2] Cycloaddition/Etherification
Authors: Zhang Yuhan , Chi Zhiyong , Li Xiangxin , Xie Zhixiang 
Published: November 2021

Comprehensive SummaryCedrane sesquiterpenes possess common tricyclo[5.3.1.01,5]undecane core structure. The varied oxa‐five‐membered ring decorating their core structure to form 8‐oxa‐tetracyclo[7.2.2.01,5.06,13]tridecane framework, containing six consecutive chiral centers (including two all‐carbon quaternary centers and one oxygenated quaternary carbon center), has proven to be a synthetic challenge and a biosynthetic mystery to date. Herein, we reported a distinct and biomimetic strategy to these sesquiterpenes resulting in the concise asymmetric total syntheses of three cedrane sesquiterpenes from simple commercially available building blocks. Key feature is exploitation of a cascade oxidative dearomatization‐induced [5+2] cycloaddition/etherification to highly stereocontrolled construct 8‐oxa‐tetracyclo[7.2.2.01,5.06,13]tridecane framework with five contiguous chiral centers in one step. In addition, a metal‐free I2‐catalyzed and DMSO‐mediated oxidative dehydroaromatization was applied to prepare curcuphenol and its derivatives from the highly functionalized cyclohexenones with minimal manipulations.
Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of Pentafluorobenzenesulfonamide Derivatives as Caspase‐Dependent Apoptosis‐Inducing Agents
Authors: Sittihan Satapanawat , Sopha Pattarawut , Ruchirawat Somsak 
Published: November 2021

AbstractArylsulfonamides are ubiquitous in a number of anticancer agents, and fluorine substitution on aromatic rings often improves drug profile. Herein, a series of novel pentafluorobenzenesulfonamide derivatives with different molecular scaffolds were readily synthesized and assessed for their antitumor activities against multiple cancer cell lines, including A549, HepG2, HuCCA‐1, and MOLT‐3. Dihydroimidazoline‐containing analogue and its Diels‐Alder cycloadducts exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity at micromolar range while the incorporation of other heterocyclic cores via nucleophilic substitution reaction resulted in diminished potency. Selected analogues were shown to induce the accumulation of cleaved forms of Casp‐9, Casp‐7 and PARP in cancer cells, indicating intrinsic apoptosis via a caspase‐dependent process.
Multiplex Single‐Cell Analysis of Cancer Cells Enables Unbiased Uncovering Subsets Associated with Cancer Relapse: Heterogeneity of Multidrug Resistance in Precursor B‐ALL
Authors: Zhou Ying , Wai‐Choi Tse Eric , Leung Rock , Cheung Edwin , Li Hongyan , Sun Hongzhe 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEarlier detection of biomarkers responsible for cancer relapse facilitates more rational cancer treatment regimens to be designed. Herein, we develop a mass cytometry‐based strategy for unbiased mining of cell subsets that potentially contribute to cancer recurrence through panoramic examination of the immunophenotypic features and multidrug resistance characteristics. The incorporation of metal tags enables multiplexed information of single cells to be interrogated based on metal fingerprint. Using acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL) as a showcase, we show overexpressed multidrug resistance biomarkers, i. e., BCRP, Bcl‐2, MRP1, and P‐gp in B‐ALL cells compared with healthy control, and a positive correlation among different multidrug resistance biomarkers. Different cell subsets with multidrug resistance are well‐defined, featured with CD34+CD38+CD10− and CD34+CD38+/intCD10+. Importantly, we uncovered that CD34 expression level is positively correlated to multidrug resistance, indicative of a higher potential of immature cells to induce B‐ALL relapse. In addition, the cell subsets positively expressing CD73 and CD304 (CD34+CD10+CD304+; CD34+CD38+/intCD10+CD73+) also overexpress multidrug resistance biomarkers, suggesting that they may serve as additional new biomarkers for B‐ALL stratification and prognosis. Our data provide the first evidence that highly expressed multidrug resistance biomarkers in certain cell subpopulations with specific immunophenotypes may potentially induce B‐ALL recurrence. The incorporation of multidrug resistance features with cell phenotypes using mass cytometry proposed in this study provides a general strategy for risk assessment and the prediction of recurrence of different types of cancers.
Ultrahigh Capacitive Supercapacitor Derived from Self‐Oxygen Doped Biomass‐Based 3D Porous Carbon Sources
Authors: Taer E. , Taslim R. , Apriwandi A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study reported an ultrahigh specific capacitance of a supercapacitor, using self‐oxygen doped 3D‐porous carbon derivatives from dried banana leaves. The samples were synthesized by ZnCl2 impregnation at different temperature pyrolysis of 700–900 °C. Furthermore, the overall process significantly increased the specific surface area from 429.6 to 860.4 m2 g−1 followed by the formation of 3D‐interconnected pores structures. Unexpectedly, the activated carbon demonstrated high‐level oxygen dopants between 9.47–12.45%. These valuable physical features showed a ultrahigh specific capacitance of 401 F g−1 and 235 F g−1 in a two‐electrode configuration system, using electrolytes of 1 M H2SO4 and 6 M KOH, respectively. Also, electrochemical properties were evaluated in the form of pellet binder‐free materials. Porous carbon sources were known to generate extensive specific energy of 55.69 Wh kg−1 and specific power of 200.09 W kg−1. Based on the technique and results, the use of hierarchical 3D‐porous carbon derivatives is validated as robust electrode materials in developing high‐performance electrochemical energy storage.
A decentralizedagent‐basedsemantic service control andself‐adaptationin smart health mobile applications
Authors: Alti Adel , Lakehal Abderrahim , Roose Philippe 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this article, we propose a decentralized agent‐based autonomic semantic service adaptation controller and reconfiguration (ASSACR) to solve the problem of context‐aware service selection and deployment for distributed healthcare mobile applications, where functional and nonfunctional users' needs are expressed using domain‐independent ontology. The main objective of this approach is to provide optimal personalized services as fast as possible. Indeed, a new ontology for semantic description and parallel management of the contextual services is presented. At first, a new dominance operator‐based constraints violation degree is used to reduce the search space. Then, optimal personalized paths that meet user's needs, preferences and devices' availability are discovered and selected in a smaller search space more effectively and efficiently using dynamic services selection algorithm, based on new ASSACR multiagent strategies. To validate the performance and efficiency of the proposed approach, we compared the proposed approach with existing multiagent strategies of the diabetic follow‐up use cases. Experimental results show that the proposed approach effectively addressed both the semantic service representation and agent aspects in terms of performance and quality service selection.
The international system for serous fluid cytopathology: Interobserver agreement
Authors: Layfield Lester J. , Yang Zhongbo , Vazmitsel Maryna , Zhang Tao , Esebua Magda , Schmidt Robert 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundA number of categorization systems had been developed for the reporting of cytology specimens with the aim of providing uniform definitions, criteria, and diagnostic terminology. The intention of these systems is to improve reproducibility of diagnostic categorization with standardized estimates of malignancy risk. Required for the success of these systems is a high level of interobserver reproducibility for category assignment. Recently, the international system for serous fluid cytopathology (TIS) was proposed using the categories nondiagnostic, negative for malignancy, atypia of undetermined significance (AUS), suspicious for malignancy, and malignant. Little data exists documenting the interobserver agreement for these categories.DesignA search of the cytology records at the University of Missouri was performed for all pleural fluid specimens obtained between January 2014 and December 2019. A total of 200 specimens were reviewed independently by three board‐certified cytopathologists. Specimens were characterized as nondiagnostic, negative, AUS, suspicious for malignancy, and malignant. Interobserver agreement was analyzed using Cohen's kappa.ResultsOverall observer agreement was 68% and chance‐corrected weighted agreement (weighted kappa) was 0.63. Agreement was good for categories negative and malignant, but poor for categories atypia of uncertain significance, and suspicious for malignancy.ConclusionsThe TIS has performance characteristics similar to other cytologic classification schemes. Interobserver agreement is best for the negative (76%) and malignant (81%) categories. Interobserver agreement is poor for the category's AUS, and suspicious for malignancy. This is similar to interobserver agreement associated with other published categorization systems.
Application of immunocytochemical and molecular analysis of six genes in liquid‐based endometrial cytology
Authors: Munakata Satoru , Yamamoto Toshiya 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Yokohama System of Endometrial Cytology has been used for reporting endometrial cytology, which includes gray zone category, atypical endometrial cells (ATEC), subdivided into ATEC‐US and ATEC‐AE. ATEC‐US has been reported to be correlated with malignancy in nearly 10% of the cases. For accurate diagnosis, application of ancillary techniques on endometrial cytology was investigated.MethodsThirty‐seven liquid based cytological specimens (SurePath™) with diagnosis of ATEC or malignant which have corresponding histological specimens, were subjected to immunocytochemical analysis for β‐catenin, ARID1A, and PTEN. Hot spots of mutations for KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA were evaluated by using i‐densy system (ARKRAY).ResultsIn endometrial samples with the diagnosis of ATEC and malignant, aberrant gene expressions and/or gene mutations for β‐catenin, ARID1A, PTEN, KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA were observed in 32.4, 18.9, 37.8, 18.8, 0, and 37.1%, respectively. When any of the genes had aberrant expression or mutation, only sensitivity was better than that of cytology (77 vs. 53.8%). However, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy was better in cytology than those of ancillary techniques. Increasing rate of abnormality according to the consequent histology results was observed in ARID1A (p = .015). Frequent loss of PTEN immunostaining (45.8%) and PIK3CA mutation (43.5%) was observed in the cases with consequent benign histology results.ConclusionIn ATEC category of endometrial cytology, gene expression and mutation analysis of six genes were insufficient to aid conventional cytological diagnoses albeit increased sensitivity. Further investigation would be necessary.
Identifying managerial legacies within conservation corridors using remote sensing and grasshoppers as bioindicators
Authors: Theron K. Jurie , Pryke James S. , Samways Michael J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBiodiversity conservation under global change requires effective management of key biodiversity areas, even areas not under formal protection. Natural grassland conservation corridors between plantation forests are such areas, as they improve landscape connectivity, mitigate the impact of landscape fragmentation, and conserve biodiversity. However, empirical evidence is required to identify the extent to which past management actions promote effectiveness of conservation corridors into the future. We address this issue using grasshoppers, which are well‐established indicators of habitat quality. In particular, we assess grasshopper response within corridors to historic grassland photosynthetic activity using a 25‐yr normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) time series. We then use vegetation characteristics measured in the field to understand the potential mechanisms driving grasshopper response. Furthermore, we explore the efficacy of satellite remote sensing for monitoring grasshopper habitat using additive models. We found that grasshopper evenness responded positively to deviation in NDVI within a 3‐yr period, whereas assemblage composition responded positively over a shorter time of two years. Grasshopper richness and evenness responded strongly to the local vegetation height and bare ground, whereas grasshopper assemblage composition also responded to plant species richness. We found a major negative impact of the invasive alien bramble (Rubus cuneifolius) on large‐sized grasshoppers and species of conservation concern. Overall, the results illustrate the importance of maintaining primary high‐quality habitat for maintaining grasshopper diversity, alongside removal of invasive bramble. We recommend prescribed burning to maintain high‐quality habitat heterogeneity, with sites burned within three years. Furthermore, high‐resolution satellite imagery is effective for monitoring grasshopper richness and assemblage composition response to changes in vegetation within the corridors. Grassland conservation corridors do conserve biodiversity, although effective management and monitoring needs to be in place to ensure biodiversity resembles that of neighbouring protected areas.
Tradeoffs of managing cod as a sustainable resource in fluctuating environments
Authors: Goto Daisuke , Filin Anatoly A. , Howell Daniel , Bogstad Bjarte , Kovalev Yury , Gjøsæter Harald 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSustainable human exploitation of living marine resources stems from a delicate balance between yield stability and population persistence to achieve socioeconomic and conservation goals. But our imperfect knowledge of how oceanic oscillations regulate temporal variation in an exploited species can obscure the risk of missing management targets. We illustrate how applying a management policy to suppress fluctuations in fishery yield in variable environments (prey density and regional climate) can present unintended outcomes in harvested predators and the sustainability of harvesting. Using Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua, an apex predatory fish) in the Barents Sea as a case study we simulate age‐structured population and harvest dynamics through time‐varying, density‐dependent and density‐independent processes with a stochastic, process‐based model informed by 27‐year monitoring data. In this model, capelin (Mallotus villosus, a pelagic forage fish), a primary prey of cod, fluctuations modulate the strength of density‐dependent regulation primarily through cannibalistic pressure on juvenile cod survival; sea temperature fluctuations modulate thermal regulation of cod feeding, growth, maturation, and reproduction. We first explore how capelin and temperature fluctuations filtered through cod intrinsic dynamics modify catch stability and then evaluate how management to suppress short‐term variability in catch targets alters overharvest risk. Analyses revealed that suppressing year‐to‐year catch variability impedes management responses to adjust fishing pressure, which becomes progressively out of sync with variations in cod abundance. This asynchrony becomes amplified in fluctuating environments, magnifying the amplitudes of both fishing pressure and cod abundance and then intensifying the density‐dependent regulation of juvenile survival through cannibalism. Although these transient dynamics theoretically give higher average catches, emergent, quasicyclic behaviors of the population would increase long‐term yield variability and elevate overharvest risk. Management strategies that overlook the interplay of extrinsic (fishing and environment) and intrinsic (life history and demography) fluctuations thus can inadvertently destabilize fish stocks, thereby jeopardizing the sustainability of harvesting. These policy implications underscore the value of ecosystem approaches to designing management measures to sustainably harvest ecologically connected resources while achieving socioeconomic security.
Safety risk control in construction engineering based on the interval analytic hierarchy process and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution
Authors: Du Minggang , Han Tongyin , Shang Yanliang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo improve the safety management level of construction projects, the housing construction project was taken as the research object and the hierarchical structure model by using the improved analytic hierarchy process (IAHP) was established. Based on the four dimensions of human, material, environment, management, the 12 influencing factor evaluation indexes and 34 scoring items were designed. By the redistribution of weight, the value range of scoring items was determined, and then the construction safety management evaluation system was constructed to evaluate the project safety management. When evaluating multiple projects, if the overall evaluation conclusion is poor, the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) was used to evaluate the relative advantages and disadvantages of the project by introducing reference interval [0.5,0.6]. By calculating the membership relationship between nearness degree and reference interval , the decision‐making method to improve the level of project safety management was given. The results show that, if ,need external interactive learning, if , internal communication and learning can be organized. If ,the project safety management level can be improved by the combination of external interactive learning and internal experience exchange.
Resource use efficiency of warm‐water fish culture upon different pond sizes
Authors: Firouzi Saeed , Kosari‐Moghaddam Armaghan , Radgoudarzi Mohammad 
Published: November 2021

AbstractImproving the energy efficiency of fish culture has always been a concern for warm‐water fish farming units. In this respect, the present study explored energy consumption flow and energy indices of warm‐water fish production in Guilan province, northern Iran. The impact of the energy equivalent of the system inputs on the energy equivalent of fish yield was modeled by the Cobb–Douglas function. The results revealed that total energy input, energy ratio, energy productivity, and energy intensity were 3710.4 MJ per 100 m2, 0.042, 0.009 kg MJ−1, and 109.77 MJ kg−1, respectively. Feed, electricity, and fossil fuel were the most energy‐intensive inputs accounting for 70.09%, 11.95%, and 11.70% of total energy use, respectively; representing the dominant role of feed in the energy input of warm‐water fish farming. Renewable and nonrenewable energy resources accounted for 6.97% and 93.03% of the total energy input of warm‐water fish culture system, respectively; requiring more care to cut the share of nonrenewable energy inputs. The Pareto chart determined that fingerling, labor, and electricity had the highest effects on the warm‐water fish yield. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the appropriate use of these inputs in warm‐water fish culture in the study region.
Nanoporous anodic alumina with ohmic contact between substrate and infill: Application to perovskite solar cells
Authors: Montero‐Rama María P. , Viterisi Aurelien , Ferré‐Borrull Josep , Marsal Lluis F. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe use of a nanostructured aluminum substrate as the cathode for a perovskite photovoltaic device is described. This cathode consists of an aluminum substrate onto which a highly ordered array of aluminum oxide tubular pores was grown via anodization. The 1‐μm thick pores – arranged in a closed‐packed hexagonal pattern – were subsequently selectively etched at the bottom to remove the so‐called aluminum oxide barrier layer. The subsequent infiltration of the pores with the components of a methylammonium lead iodide perovskite solar cells, and the completion with a semi‐transparent anode, have shown to allow the establishment of an ohmic contact between the substrate itself and the components infiltrated into the Al2O3 pores. Indeed, a clear rectifying behavior was observed on the full devices, as well as modest photovoltaic conversion efficiencies. This paper demonstrates that an ohmic contact can be established between the aluminum substrate from which nanoporous anodic alumina was grown, and that the pores can be used to compartmentalize the infill material down to the nanoscopic level.