bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breast Cancer Screening Among Childhood Cancer Survivors Treated Without Chest Radiation: Clinical Benefits and Cost-Effectiveness
Authors: Yeh Jennifer M , Lowry Kathryn P , Schechter Clyde B , Diller Lisa R , O’Brien Grace , Alagoz Oguzhan , Armstrong Gregory T , Hampton John M , Hudson Melissa M , Leisenring Wendy , Liu Qi , Mandelblatt Jeanne S , Miglioretti Diana L , Moskowitz Chaya S , Nathan Paul C , Neglia Joseph P , Oeffinger Kevin C , Trentham-Dietz Amy , Stout Natasha K 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundEarly initiation of breast cancer screening is recommended for high-risk women, including survivors of childhood cancer treated with chest radiation. Recent studies suggest that female survivors of childhood leukemia or sarcoma treated without chest radiation are also at elevated early onset breast cancer risk. However, the potential clinical benefits and cost-effectiveness of early breast cancer screening among these women are uncertain.MethodsUsing data from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study, we adapted 2 Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network simulation models to reflect the elevated risks of breast cancer and competing mortality among leukemia and sarcoma survivors. Costs and utility weights were based on published studies and databases. Outcomes included breast cancer deaths averted, false-positive screening results, benign biopsies, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios.ResultsIn the absence of screening, the lifetime risk of dying from breast cancer among survivors was 6.8% to 7.0% across models. Early initiation of annual mammography with breast magnetic resonance imaging screening between ages 25 and 40 years would avert 52.6% to 64.3% of breast cancer deaths. When costs and quality-of-life impacts were considered, screening starting at age 40 years was the only strategy with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio below the $100 000 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained cost-effectiveness threshold ($27 680 to $44 380 per QALY gained across models).ConclusionsAmong survivors of childhood leukemia or sarcoma, early initiation of breast cancer screening at age 40 years may reduce breast cancer deaths by half and is cost-effective. These findings could help inform screening guidelines for survivors treated without chest radiation.
Giant sliding inguinal hernia requiring intraoperative aspiration of fluid: a case report and literature review
Authors: Davis Tyler , Vivens Mica , Barghuthi Lutfi , Ismael Hishaam 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Giant inguinal hernias are defined as inguinal hernias that extend below the midpoint of the inner thigh when the patient is in the standing position or an anteroposterior diameter of at least 30 cm or a laterolateral diameter of ~50 cm with non-reducibility for &gt;10 years. This article presents a 39-year-old male with a five-year history of a giant left inguinal hernia that was treated with left inguinal hernia repair with mesh, orchiectomy, complicated scrotoplasty, intraoperative ultrasound and aspiration of 3.9 L of fluid from the hernia sac. Surgical repair of giant inguinal hernias can be challenging and is associated with a variety of complications. Various modalities have been described to assist in hernia reduction including debulking, or, as in this case, aspiration of the hernia sac and a preperitoneal incision. Although the Lichtenstein tension free repair is commonly used, no standard approach has been accepted.
Recent Work in Early Modern Women’s Philosophy: Some Implications for the Canon
Authors: Broad Jacqueline 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this article, I critically examine a number of recent editions of philosophical works by early modern women. I argue that the proliferation of such texts is likely to have positive implications for the study of early modern philosophy. By taking a historical-contextualist approach to women’s writings, these editions contribute to the goal of a thorough, unbiased, and impartial account of early modern thought. Their accessibility and teachability also draw attention to historical-philosophical ideas, methods, and genres that could have worth and relevance today. Above all, these texts are valuable for helping to correct a one-sided, male-biased understanding of the philosophical past.
Molecular epidemiology of aspergillosis in Magellanic penguins and susceptibility patterns of clinical isolates
Authors: Melo Aryse Martins , Poester Vanice Rodrigues , Canabarro Paula Lima , Sampaio Daniel Ataíde , Stevens David A , Veríssimo Cristina , Sabino Raquel , Xavier Melissa Orzechowski 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Aspergillus section Fumigati is reported in up to 99% of aspergillosis cases in penguins. So far, no data regarding molecular epidemiology and azole resistance are available for A. fumigatus isolates collected from Magellanic penguins. The aim of this work was to perform molecular identification of Aspergillus section Fumigati at species level, to genotype those isolates using microsatellite markers, to evaluate the in vitro susceptibility patterns of A. fumigatus sensu stricto, and to characterize the cyp51A gene in clinical A. fumigatus strains isolated from Magellanic penguins with proven aspergillosis. All 34 isolates included in the study were identified as A. fumigatus sensu stricto. Analyzing the genetic diversity of the isolates of A. fumigatus sensu stricto, we identified two possible outbreaks in the rehabilitation center and we also observed the maintenance of clonal strains through the years. One A. fumigatus sensu stricto isolate was resistant to posaconazole, but the mutations found in the cyp51A gene of this isolate have not been described as conferring phenotypic resistance, suggesting that other mechanisms of resistance could be involved in the resistance of this isolate. With this study, we were able to understand the molecular diversity of Aspergillus fumigatus isolates collected from Magellanic penguins, to characterize them and to associate them with the described global population of Aspergillus fumigatus.
Introducing SPHINX-MHD: the impact of primordial magnetic fields on the first galaxies, reionization, and the global 21-cm signal
Authors: Katz Harley , Martin-Alvarez Sergio , Rosdahl Joakim , Kimm Taysun , Blaizot Jérémy , Haehnelt Martin G , Michel-Dansac Léo , Garel Thibault , Oñorbe Jose , Devriendt Julien , Slyz Adrianne , Attia Mara , Teyssier Romain 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
We present the first results from SPHINX-MHD, a suite of cosmological radiation-magnetohydrodynamics simulations designed to study the impact of primordial magnetic fields (PMFs) on galaxy formation and the evolution of the intergalactic medium (IGM) during the epoch of reionization. The simulations are among the first to employ multifrequency, on-the-fly radiation transfer and constrained transport ideal MHD in a cosmological context to simultaneously model the inhomogeneous process of reionization as well as the growth of primordial magnetic fields. We run a series of $(5\, \text{cMpc})^3$ cosmological volumes, varying both the strength of the seed magnetic field and its spectral index. We find that PMFs with a spectral index (nB) and a comoving amplitude (B0) that have $\scriptstyle{n_B \gt -0.562\log _{10}\left(\frac{B_0}{1{\rm n}G}\right) - 3.35}$ produce electron optical depths (τe) that are inconsistent with CMB constraints due to the unrealistically early collapse of low-mass dwarf galaxies. For nB ≥ −2.9, our constraints are considerably tighter than the ∼nG constraints from Planck. PMFs that do not satisfy our constraints have little impact on the reionization history or the shape of the UV luminosity function. Likewise, detecting changes in the Ly α forest due to PMFs will be challenging because photoionization and photoheating efficiently smooth the density field. However, we find that the first absorption feature in the global 21-cm signal is a particularly sensitive indicator of the properties of the PMFs, even for those that satisfy our τe constraint. Furthermore, strong PMFs can marginally increase the escape of LyC photons by up to 25 per cent and shrink the effective radii of galaxies by $\sim 44{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ which could increase the completeness fraction of galaxy surveys. Finally, our simulations show that surveys with a magnitude limit of ${\rm \mathit{ M}_{UV,1500\,\mathring{\rm A}}=-13}$ can probe the sources that provide the majority of photons for reionization out to z = 12.
MusE GAs FLOw and Wind (MEGAFLOW) VIII. Discovery of a Mgii emission halo probed by a quasar sightline
Authors: Zabl Johannes , Bouché Nicolas F , Wisotzki Lutz , Schaye Joop , Leclercq Floriane , Garel Thibault , Wendt Martin , Schroetter Ilane , Muzahid Sowgat , Cantalupo Sebastiano , Contini Thierry , Bacon Roland , Brinchmann Jarle , Richard Johan 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Using deep ($11.2\, \rm{h}$) VLT/MUSE data from the MEGAFLOW survey, we report the first detection of extended $\rm{Mg\, \small {II}}$ emission from a galaxy’s halo that is probed by a quasar sightline. The $\rm{Mg\, \small {II}}\, \lambda \lambda \, 2796, 2803$ emission around the z = 0.702 galaxy ($\log (M_*/\rm{M_\odot })=10.05_{-0.11}^{+0.15}{}$) is detected out to $\approx 25\, \hbox{kpc}$ from the central galaxy and covers $1.0\times 10^3\, \hbox{kpc}^2$ above a surface brightness of $14\times 10^{-19}\, \rm{erg}\, \rm{s}^{-1}\, \rm{cm}^{-2}\, \rm{arcsec}^{-2}{}$ ($2\, \sigma$; integrated over $1200\, \rm{km\, s}^{-1}= 19\mathring{\rm A}$ and averaged over $1.5\, \rm{arcsec}^{2}$). The $\rm{Mg\, \small {II}}$ emission around this highly inclined galaxy (i ≃ 75 deg) is strongest along the galaxy’s projected minor axis, consistent with the $\rm{Mg\, \small {II}}$ gas having been ejected from the galaxy into a bi-conical structure. The quasar sightline, which is aligned with the galaxy’s minor axis, shows strong $\rm{Mg\, \small {II}}$ absorption ($\hbox{$EW_0^{\lambda 2796}$}{}=1.8{}\, \mathring{\rm A}$) at an impact parameter of $39{}\, \hbox{kpc}$ from the galaxy. Comparing the kinematics of both the emission and the absorption − probed with VLT/UVES − to the expectation from a simple toy model of a bi-conical outflow, we find good consistency when assuming a relatively slow outflow ($v_\rm{out}=130{}\, \rm{km\, s}^{-1}$). We investigate potential origins of the extended $\rm{Mg\, \small {II}}$ emission using simple toy models. With continuum scattering models we encounter serious difficulties in explaining the luminosity of the $\rm{Mg\, \small {II}}$ halo and in reconciling density estimates from emission and absorption. Instead, we find that shocks might be a more viable source to power the extended $\rm{Mg\, \small {II}}$ (and non-resonant $[\rm{O\, \small {II}}]$) emission.
An Ancient Clade of Penelope-Like Retroelements with Permuted Domains Is Present in the Green Lineage and Protists, and Dominates Many Invertebrate Genomes
Authors: Craig Rory J , Yushenova Irina A , Rodriguez Fernando , Arkhipova Irina R 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Penelope-like elements (PLEs) are an enigmatic clade of retrotransposons whose reverse transcriptases (RTs) share a most recent common ancestor with telomerase RTs. The single ORF of canonical endonuclease (EN)+ PLEs encodes RT and a C-terminal GIY–YIG EN that enables intrachromosomal integration, whereas EN− PLEs lack EN and are generally restricted to chromosome termini. EN+ PLEs have only been found in animals, except for one case of horizontal transfer to conifers, whereas EN− PLEs occur in several kingdoms. Here, we report a new, deep-branching PLE clade with a permuted domain order, whereby an N-terminal GIY–YIG EN is linked to a C-terminal RT by a short domain with a characteristic CxC motif. These N-terminal EN+ PLEs share a structural organization, including pseudo-LTRs and complex tandem/inverted insertions, with canonical EN+ PLEs from Penelope/Poseidon, Neptune, and Nematis clades, and show insertion bias for microsatellites, but lack canonical hammerhead ribozyme motifs. However, their phylogenetic distribution is much broader. The Naiads, found in numerous invertebrate phyla, can reach tens of thousands of copies per genome. In spiders and clams, Naiads independently evolved to encode selenoproteins containing multiple selenocysteines. Chlamys, which lack the CCHH motif universal to PLE ENs, occur in green algae, spike mosses (targeting ribosomal DNA), and slime molds. Unlike canonical PLEs, RTs of N-terminal EN+ PLEs contain the insertion-in-fingers domain (IFD), strengthening the link between PLEs and telomerases. Additionally, we describe Hydra, a novel metazoan C-terminal EN+ clade. Overall, we conclude that PLE diversity, taxonomic distribution, and abundance are comparable with non-LTR and LTR-retrotransposons.
Electronic Nicotine Product Cessation and Cigarette Smoking: Analysis of Waves 3 and 4 From the PATH Study
Authors: Krishnan Nandita , Abroms Lorien C , Berg Carla J 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Identifying predictors of electronic nicotine product (ENP) cessation can inform ENP cessation interventions. High rates of cooccurring ENP and cigarette (dual) use and transitions between these products underscore the importance of considering cigarette smoking status when assessing and addressing ENP cessation.

Aims and Methods
We analyzed waves 3 (W3) and 4 (W4) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study to identify (1) W3 socio-demographics, tobacco and ENP use characteristics, and psychosocial correlates of W3 cigarette smoking status (non-smoker, former, and current) among W3 adult ENP users, and (2) W3 predictors of W4 combined ENP and cigarette smoking abstinence relative to use of one or both products.

Results
At W3, 65.6% of ENP users concurrently smoked cigarettes. Adjusted multinomial regression results indicated that different W3 socio-demographics, tobacco and ENP use characteristics, and psychosocial correlates were significantly associated with distinct W3 cigarette use profiles. At W4, 9.9% of individuals were abstinent from both products. These individuals were less likely to: (1) be current smokers (vs. non-smokers) or be advised to quit using tobacco, compared with cigarette only or dual users, and (2) use ENPs daily or live in a household allowing ENP use, compared with ENP only or dual users (p &lt; .05).

Conclusions
ENP cessation approaches need to be tailored to the distinct cigarette use profiles of ENP users. Dual users and daily ENP users may require more intensive interventions to achieve the cessation of both products. Supportive physical environments, such as home vape-free policies, may facilitate ENP cessation.

Implications
This analysis contributes to advancing the nascent literature on predictors of electronic nicotine product (ENP) cessation, which can guide the development of ENP cessation interventions by indicating which populations, psychosocial and environmental constructs, and cooccurring behaviors interventions should target. This research also highlights the importance of considering cigarette smoking status when designing ENP cessation interventions and defining intervention outcomes.
Fifteenth-Century Compilation Methods: The Case of Oxford, Trinity College, MS 29
Authors: Gillhammer Cosima Clara 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The late-fifteenth-century Middle English manuscript Oxford, Trinity College, MS 29 contains a universal history of the world, compiled from diverse religious and secular texts. Written by a single compiler-scribe, the text offers an opportunity to examine in detail late medieval methods of compilation. One of the main sources used by the compiler is Caxton’s print of Ranulf Higden’s Polychronicon, thus allowing a detailed comparison with the printed source text. This article investigates the strategies which the compiler uses to copy, edit, and amend his sources, whilst integrating them into a new textual framework. Comprehensive collation reveals different ways of copying and revising the printed source text. The strategies used by the compiler range from close copying to extensive additions, substitutions, corrections, and omissions. A close analysis of these compilation methods allows conclusions not only about the compilatory process but also about the mindset behind the focus and features of the resulting new text. The results of this detailed case study of compilation strategies in Oxford, Trinity College, MS 29, reveal this text to be a case of detailed adaptation of sources to create a unified and consistent new textual whole, which is comparable to other late-medieval compilations but unusual in the meticulousness and complexity of its textual strategies.
A Model of Two Days: Discrete News and Asset Prices
Authors: Wachter Jessica A , Zhu Yicheng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Empirical studies demonstrate striking patterns in stock returns related to scheduled macroeconomic announcements. A large proportion of the total equity premium is realized on days with macroeconomic announcements. The relation between market betas and expected returns is far stronger on announcement days as compared with nonannouncement days. Finally, these results hold for fixed-income investments as well as for stocks. We present a model in which agents learn the probability of an adverse economic state on announcement days. We show that the model quantitatively accounts for the empirical findings. Evidence from options data provides support for the model’s mechanism.
Feasibility and efficacy estimate of an emotion-focused version of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT-E) for delusions in comparison to wait list in a single-blinded randomized-controlled pilot trial
Authors: Mehl Stephanie , Hautmann Christopher , Nittel Clara Marie , Rief Winfried , Kircher Tilo , Lincoln Tania Marie 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Cognitive Behavior Therapy for psychosis (CBTp) effectively reduces positive symptoms, but the effects for delusions are small. Using approaches that focus on improving putative causal factors of delusions (emotion regulation (ER) and negative self-schemata) may be a way to improve CBTp for delusions.

Objectives
To pilot an emotion-focused CBTp intervention comprised of elements of different third wave approaches targeting ER and negative self-schemata (CBT-E) to investigate its feasibility and its potential efficacy.

Methods
A single-blind two-centered randomized wait-list controlled trial was performed. Patients with delusions in the context of a psychotic disorder (n=64) were randomized to CBT-E (treatment group (TG): n=35) or wait list (WL: n=29). TG received individual CBT-E in weekly sessions over six months, WL received CBT-E after a 6-months waiting time. Assessments were performed at baseline, after six months, and after 12 months.

Results
Rates of patients who consented and retained in CBT-E suggest acceptable feasibility and high acceptance of CBT-E. Multiple regression analysis in the intent-to-treat sample revealed no significant advantage in favor of TG in the primary outcome delusions (PSYRATS delusions), no effect on ER or negative self-schemata and a significant advantage in only one of the eight additional secondary outcome variables, namely general psychopathology.

Discussion
Although the intervention was feasible and acceptable, its effects on delusions did not hold up with the effects found for ‘targeted’ approaches in previous research and it needs to be improved to produce a stronger effect on the targets ER and self-schemata, before proceeding to a large-scale RCT.
A Cohort Model of Mentoring as Facilitator to the Transition to an Academic Nurse Faculty Position Following Completion of a PhD
Authors: Viveiros Jennifer , Schuler Monika , Chung Joohyun , D’Esmond Lynn 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Successful transition to an academic nurse educator role is challenging; it is necessary to identify facilitators and barriers that aide or hinder this process. This study used an autoethnographic qualitative design to explore the lived experiences of a cohort of faculty during their transition into a tenure-track role. Three facilitators (noncompetitive environment, resource sharing, and cohort approach) and two barriers (work-life balance and intrusion of old habits) emerged as themes. A cohort model can be a valuable facilitator for a successful transition. Multitiered mentoring further aided in the transition.
Using Augmented Reality to Foster Clinical Readiness and Critical Thinking in Nursing Education
Authors: McCafferty Kandis L. , Flott Beth , Hadenfeldt Cynthia 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This pilot study utilized augmented reality (AR) case scenario posters in foundational coursework to determine if the use of AR posters is an effective teaching strategy when compared with traditional paper case studies. Seventy-nine students participated in this descriptive, comparative study. Overall, the number of correct student responses increased from the pretest to the posttest in all groups; the experimental group was very satisfied with the AR teaching methodology. Because of the increase in knowledge and high student satisfaction, findings suggest that AR posters may be useful in the education of nursing students.
Length of Cervical Stenosis, Admission ASIA Motor Scores, and BASIC Scores Are Predictors of Recovery Rate Following Central Cord Syndrome
Authors: Zhang Changmeng , Lee Victor Kam Ho , Yu Jeremy Man Leung , Cheung Jason Pui Yin , Koljonen Paul Aarne , Shea Graham Ka Hon 
Published: July 2021

Study Design.
A retrospective cohort study.

Objective.
This study aims to determine whether quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters and radiological scoring systems could be used as a reliable assessment tool for predicting neurological recovery trajectory following acute traumatic central cord injury syndrome (CCS).

Summary of Background Data.
Controversy remains in whether CCS should be managed conservatively or by early surgical decompression. It is essential to understand how clinical and radiological parameters correlate with neurological deficits and how they predict recovery trajectories.

Methods.
We identified patients with CCS admitted between 2011 and 2018 with a minimum of 1-year follow-up. Cervical MRIs were analyzed for cord/canal dimensions, Brain and Spinal Injury Center (BASIC) scores and sagittal grading as ordinal scales of intraparenchymal cord injury. Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) recovery rates (≥50% as good, < 50% as poor) were analyzed against these variables by logistic regression and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves. Additionally, we evaluated American Spinal Injury Association motor scale (AMS) scores/recovery rates.

Results.
Sixty patients were included, of which 30 were managed conservatively and 30 via surgical decompression. The average follow-up duration for the entire cohort was (51.1 ± 25.7) months. Upon admission, sagittal grading correlated with AMS and JOA scores (P < 0.01, β = 0.48). Volume of the C2 to C7 canal and axial cord area over the site of maximal compression correlated with AMS and JOA scores respectively (P = 0.04, β = 0.26; P = 0.01, β = 0.28). We determined admission AMS more than 61 to be a clinical cutoff for good recovery (area under the receiver operating curve [AUC] = 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.61–0.85, sensitivity 80.9%, specificity 69.2%, P < 0.01). Radiological cutoffs to identify patients with poor recovery rates were length of cervical spinal stenosis more than 3.9 cm (AUC = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.63–0.87, specificity 91.7%, sensitivity 52.2%, P < 0.01), BASIC score of more than 1 (AUC = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.56–0.81, specificity 80.5%, sensitivity 51.1%, P = 0.02). Surgical decompression performed as a salvage procedure upon plateau of recovery did not improve neurological outcomes.

Conclusion.
Clinical and radiological parameters upon presentation were prognosticative of neurological recovery rates in CCS. Surgery performed beyond the acute post-injury period failed to improve outcomes.

Level of Evidence: 3