bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Integrated Microfluidic Device for the Continuous Sampling and Analysis of Biological Fluids
Authors: Zahn Jeffrey D. , Deshmukh Ajay A. , Papavasiliou Alexandros P. , Pisano Albert P. , Liepmann Dorian 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Enzyme based biosensors suffer from loss of activity and sensitivity. One major reason is due to large molecular weight proteins adsorbing on the surface of the sensor. These proteins affect sensor signal stability and disrupt enzyme function. Thus, one fruitful way to minimize the loss of sensor activity is to filter out large molecular weight compounds before they come in contact with the enzyme based biosensor. Further, the removal of free protein from biological solution helps to increase sensor accuracy and lifetime. Therefore, a microdialysis microneedle is introduced that is capable of excluding large MW compounds based on size. These microneedles have been integrated into a planar microfluidic system capable of sampling and analyzing biological solutions. The integrated microfluidic system includes the assembly of microneedles with on-chip flow channels and electronics together with previously designed positive displacement micropumps, microvalves and a planar electro-chemical sensor for biological detection. Multichannel fluidic control for biological sampling, sensor cleansing and recalibration is demonstrated with integrated sensor operation.
A Magnetically Actuated Scanner for Intravascular Ultrasound Imaging
Authors: Chang Carl W. , Budde Thomas , Gatzen Hans H. , Muller Richard S. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We have fabricated and tested a magnetically actuated microplatform system for intravascular ultrasound imaging (IVUS). The system consists of a torsional microplatform located above a magnetic drive source. The magnetic source is fabricated on a separate wafer and is made up of a pair of U-shaped permalloy yokes with surrounding coils. Two Ni bars on the ends of the microplatform complete two magnetic circuits that are individually activated to tilt the corresponding side of the microplatform. Experiments show that the microplatform can rotate through a mechanical-scan angle of 14.8°. The initial magnetic source design requires a dc current of 1.48A to achieve this rotation, which can be substantially reduced by replacing the single-turn coils with dual-layer multiturn coils. The magnetically actuated microplatform system could be built at lower cost and provide greater operational flexibility than are available with present-day state-of-the-art IVUS systems.
Water Tunnel Acoustic Measurements Using a Time Reversal Mirror
Authors: Barber Christopher , Lauchle Gerald C. , Capone Dean E. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Acoustic time reversal is a process in which acoustic energy received at an array is recorded, time-reversed, and then rebroadcast through the same or a collocated array. The result is that the original signal is “retrofocused” in time and space to the original source location without regard to the propagation paths or characteristics of the complex media between source and receiver. The array used for receive and rebroadcast, together with the data acquisition and processing system, is referred to as a time reversal mirror (TRM). Adaptation of time reversal mirrors to the problem of water tunnel acoustic measurements is examined. A concept demonstration test is planned for the Garfield Thomas Water Tunnel (GTWT) at the Pennsylvania State University Applied Research Laboratory, with the objective of demonstrating improved acoustic measurement capabilities compared to other conventional measurement techniques. An outline of the planned test is presented, as well as results from preliminary water tank testing of the arrays and instrumentation to be used in the GTWT experiment. A mathematical description of the time reversal mirror is developed, and preliminary conclusions regarding expected TRM performance in the water tunnel environment and limitations of the proposed measurement scheme are discussed.
A Sequential Adjoint Variable Method in Design Sensitivity Analysis of NVH Problems
Authors: Kim N. H. , Choi K. K. , Dong J. , Pierre C. , Vlahopoulos N. , Ma Z. D. , Castanier M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A design sensitivity analysis of a sequential structural-acoustic problem is presented. A frequency response analysis is used to obtain the dynamic behavior of an automotive structure, while the boundary element method is used to solve the pressure response of an interior, acoustic domain. For the purposes of design sensitivity analysis, a direct differentiation method and an adjoint variable method are presented. In the adjoint variable method, an adjoint load is obtained from the acoustic boundary element re-analysis, while the adjoint solution is calculated from the structural dynamic re-analysis. The evaluation of pressure sensitivity only involves a numerical integration process for the structural part. The proposed sensitivity results are compared to finite difference sensitivity results with excellent agreement.
Numerical Probabilistic Analysis of Structural/Acoustic Systems
Authors: Allen Michael , Vlahopoulos Nickolas 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A formulation that accounts for manufacturing variability in the analysis of structural/acoustic systems is presented. The methodology incorporates the concept of fast probability integration with finite element (FEA) and boundary element analysis (BEA) for producing the probabilistic acoustic response of a structural/acoustic system. The advanced mean value method is used for integrating the system probability density function. FEA and BEA are combined for producing the acoustic response that constitutes the performance function. The probabilistic acoustic response is calculated in terms of a cumulative distribution function. The new methodology is used to illustrate the difference between the results from a probabilistic analysis that accounts for manufacturing uncertainty, and an equivalent deterministic simulation through applications. The probabilistic computations are validated by comparison to Monte Carlo simulations. Based on its computational efficiency and its accuracy the new methodology is concluded to be a viable method of calculating numerically the probabilistic response of structural/acoustic systems due to manufacturing variability.
Acoustic Control in a 2D Enclosure Using Two Optimally Designed Helmholtz Resonators
Authors: Driesch Patricia L. , Koopmann Gary H. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A virtual design methodology is developed to minimize the noise in enclosures when coupled to optimally designed systems of passive acoustic absorbers (Helmholtz resonators). This methodology utilizes a computationally efficient modeling technique in order to determine the modified response of a system by modal expansion of the unmodified system eigenvectors. A determination of this type (efficient model/reanalysis approach) significantly increases the design possibilities when current optimization techniques are implemented. This novel methodology is experimentally verified for a 30.5 cm by 40.6 cm by 2.5 cm 2D enclosure coupled to two optimally designed Helmholtz resonators. A 4.2 dB experimental reduction of potential energy averaged over the 300—700 Hz band was obtained.
Domain Decomposition Methods With Frequency Band Interpolation for Computational Acoustics
Authors: Thompson Lonny L. , Zhang Limin , Ingel Robert P. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Interpolation over frequency (wavenumber) bands with domain decomposition (substructure) methods is used to provide fast solutions to wave problems when large numbers of frequency evaluations are required. Dispersion analysis is used to quantify the accuracy of the frequency interpolation for both generalized Schur complement and regularized FETI-H substructuring methods. Wavenumber-frequency dispersion relations are compared with different numbers of condensed internal nodes, numbers of interpolation points, and frequency band size. Several numerical examples are performed which validate the conclusions made in the dispersion analysis.
Wing Geometry Effect on Blade-Vortex Interaction Response Using BEM
Authors: Wood Trevor H. , Grace Sheryl M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The boundary element method provides a low-order computational model for investigating unsteady wing response. This method is applied here to investigate the effect of fixed wing geometry on the blade-vortex interaction (BVI) problem. The method has been validated using a harmonic Sears gust as well as three-dimensional BVI analytical results for thin, flat, rectangular wings. It is shown that wing taper and twist do not significantly affect the BVI response while sweep greatly reduces it.
Visualization of Sound Transmission Into a Vehicle Passenger Compartment
Authors: Moondra Manmohan S. , Wu Sean F. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The paper examines the effectiveness of the Helmholtz equation least-squares (HELS) method (Wu and Yu, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol. 104, 2054–2060, 1998; Wu, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol. 107, 2511–2522, 2000) in visualizing the areas that are prone to noise transmission into a full-size vehicle passenger compartment due to exterior excitations such as the engine and turbulent flow. To simulate sound transmission, harmonic excitations are assumed to act on arbitrarily selected vehicle interior surfaces. The surface acoustic pressures are calculated using the boundary element method (BEM) based Helmholtz integral equation. A fine mesh for the interior cavity is generated so as to yield as accurate as possible the acoustic pressure distributions as benchmark using the BEM codes. The radiated acoustic pressures inside the vehicle compartment are calculated and taken as the input to the HELS formulation. Once the HELS formulation is established, the acoustic pressure anywhere including the vehicle interior surface is reconstructed. The normal component of the surface velocity can be reconstructed in a similar manner. Consequently, the normal component of the time-averaged acoustic intensity and acoustic energy flow inside a vehicle passenger compartment can be visualized. This three-dimensional acoustic image can provide valuable insight into vehicle interior noise reduction. The reconstructed acoustic pressures are compared with the benchmark values evaluated at the same locations. The effect of the measurement locations on the accuracy of reconstruction is investigated.
Human Error Assessment and Decision Making for Fishing Vessels Using Analytical Hierarchy Processing
Authors: Pillay A. , Wang J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
An approach to integrate human error assessment and decision-making using the Analytical Hierarchy Processing (AHP) method is proposed. The aim of this approach is to reduce the probability of occurrence and severity of human error during the operational phase of a fishing vessel. It utilises AHP theory to rank the impacts of human error and further integrates the available control options (to minimise these errors) within the analysis. The result obtained from the analysis reflects the most favoured control option that will address all the possible human errors within the system to a satisfactory level. A test case, which considers the shooting operation of a beam trawler, is used to demonstrate the proposed approach. Each step involved in the shooting operation is assessed for its vulnerability to human error with respect to the equipment being operated and this captures the operator-machine interaction. The AHP method integrates the evaluation of solutions to reduce risk levels within the human error assessment and this reduces the complexity of the analysis that is present in traditional methods.
SMEs Oriented Industrial Alliance
Authors: Hongzhao Dong , Ying Chen , Canjun Yang , Jiangyang Huang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Small-Medium-enterprises (SMEs) occupy a large proportion in modem global economies. However, most SMEs haven’t enough capacities to obtain valuable information and develop new products, thus resulting in a low flexibility to the market. In the times of intellectual globalization economies, while being in competition with powerful rival such as large corporation group, how the SMEs could find an effective way to survive today and further develop tomorrow, especially in the developing country, is focused on in this paper. Based on industry catalog, Industrial Alliance, a novel approach was put forward in this paper. Owing to commonwealth information platform, Industrial Alliance is able to assemble SMEs with similar product characteristics and market areas to enhance their competitiveness. In this paper, enterprise behavior protocol is proposed concerning forging alliance among SMEs. Moreover, the systematic architecture of Industrial Alliance is mainly depicted in order to image the whole profile of Industrial Alliance, including the essential principle, support application technology coupled with collaboration activities. At last, take the fluid power trade for an example, the practical research experiment of the information system for China fluid power (Including hydraulic and pneumatic products) Industrial Alliance is illustrated.
Modelling and Simulation Used to Understand Learning of New Computer-Based Tools - In Cooperative and Competitive Engineering Context
Authors: Lovén Eva 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
There is a growing belief that computer-based tools can and should be used to improve quality and productivity. But studies show there is a wide gap between theory and practice. Few investments in computerisation resulted in a measured improvement in profit. Companies have difficulties in integrating technology, organization and people especially when initiating and implementing new computer-based tools for engineering design work. Few studies have simulated social behaviour and used the engineers’ language to understand complex social phenomenon. A question raised in this paper is if a competitive context is more productive than a co-operative context when learning new computer-based tools? The paper discusses theoretical more closely what competition and co-operation does to us and presents the results from modelling and simulation of two individuals/groups that learn new tools in cooperative — compared to competitive — engineering context.
When mathematical tools are used, people implicitly assume a great deal of accuracy from the tool. A lot of the criticism when mathematical modelling is used in new areas stem from the fact that the area is to be considered to complex to be analysed with the accuracy expected from mathematical tools. This criticism does not, however, take into account that verbal mental model are nevertheless used which are no more accurate than a mathematical model is. In this paper it is illustrated how learning new tools in co-operative compared to competitive environment is better for productivity. The results show the importance of an external stabilising loop to handle a potentially competitive context and transform it into a co-operative one. Management must handle the looses in a competitive context. Deming supports our results and he wrote that one of the manager’s roles is to understand the benefits of co-operation and the losses from competition between people and between groups. Our simulations show this clearly. Co-operative and competitive systems are defined in mathematical terms. Two kinds of competitive systems are identified; under-critical and over-critical, where the over-critical competitive system is destructive in the sense that it leads to collapse of some of the participants. The presented example shows that simulation can be used to enhance and illuminate the reasoning of organisation and behaviour of groups. Furthermore, it ensures that the reasoning and description is stringent and sharpened because of the fact that it must be translated into mathematical terms. On the other hand it must be emphasised that the result is no more valid than the underlying assumptions, but this is true for all analysis being mathematical or purely verbal.
Quality of Participation Experiences in Special Olympics Sports Programs
Authors: Arbour-Nicitopoulos Kelly P. , Bruno Natasha , Orr Krystn , O’Rourke Roxy , Wright Virginia , Renwick Rebecca , Bobbie Kirsten , Noronha James 
Published: November 2021

This cross-sectional study examined experiential elements facilitating quality sport experiences for youth (ages 12–24 years) in Special Olympics, and the associated influences of sport program and sociodemographic characteristics. A total of 451 athletes involved in the 2019 Special Olympics Youth Games completed a survey assessing elements of quality participation (autonomy, belongingness, challenge, engagement, mastery, and meaning). The t tests investigated whether athletes with intellectual and developmental disabilities rated elements differently across Traditional and Unified Sport programs. Regression analyses explored whether sport program and sociodemographic characteristics were predictors of these elements. Youth reported high mean scores across the elements, with no significant differences between athletes with intellectual and developmental disabilities in Traditional or Unified Sport. Athletes with no reported disability rated higher autonomy than those who reported disability (p = .01). Women tended to report greater engagement in sport than men (p = .07). Findings provide theoretical and practical insights into quality sport participation among youth in Special Olympics.
Imaging dragons in the Old Testament: Were Leviathan and Behemoth Mesozoic monsters?
Authors: Bakker Robert T. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
For much of the nineteenth century, the majority of respected stratigraphers were serial creationists who read the rocks as recording successive extinctions followed by new creations, a process that generated progress in vertebrate structure. Beginning after World War I, Leviathan and Behemoth were cited by Young Earth Creationists—a minority among anti-Darwinians—as Mesozoic species observed by humans. This view spread rapidly after World War II. However, the anatomy and behavior of these beings, as portrayed in Ugaritic and Hebrew literature, leads to a firmer identification. The Leviathan of Job has powerful jaws armed with great teeth; skull armor renders hooks impotent; body armor of scales set so close together that they repel spears; water is thrashed into foam by twisting death rolls; this is altogether an accurate rendition of the Nile Crocodile. The Behemoth is a young, adult male African Elephant distinguished by grass-eating habits and an enormous, uncontrolled male organ: “tail like a cedar tree.”
The Fritz Zerritsch/Erich Thenius suite of paleontological wall roll-ups and the pageant-of-life-through-time genre of paleontological art
Authors: Rowland Stephen M. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Here I rescue from obscurity a mid-twentieth-century sequence of ten paintings representing biotas and ecosystems present in different periods of geologic time. They were used to illustrate a 1955 book titled The History of Life on Earth by University of Vienna paleontologist Erich Thenius. The paintings were also mass produced as classroom teaching aids in the form of wall chart roll-ups. Thenius collaborated with Viennese landscape artist Fritz Zerritsch to produce these scenes from Deep Time. In terms of the selection and arrangement of animals in some of the scenes, Thenius and Zerritsch were probably influenced by well-known paleoartists Rudolph Zallinger and Charles R. Knight. I corresponded with Professor Thenius concerning his collaboration with Zerritsch, and his answers to my questions illuminate some of the choices he made. The Zerritsch/Thenius collection of paleo-scenes is a good example of the pageant-of-life-through-time genre of paleontological art. I use this sequence of prehistoric tableaux to examine artistic conventions within this genre.
Foraminiferal art through the ages
Authors: Lipps Jere H. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Foraminifera are single-celled organisms with and without shells (tests). They have an abundant fossil record over the past 545 million years and presence in modern oceans. The art of forams is dominated by hand-drawn scientific illustrations to scanning electron microscopic images done over the past 455 years, providing vital knowledge about shelled forams. From 1665 to 1835, forams were assigned to micro-invertebrates rather than single-celled forms. With more than 75,000 publications and nearly 50,000 described species of forams, illustrations must number more than 200,000. The illustrations include a range from simple line drawings through shaded ink and pencil renderings, sometimes even colored, to photographs and scanning electron micrographs. Forams also appear in other art forms: The Pyramids at Giza in Egypt, hand-sized models, jewelry, flooring, stamps, coins, sculptures, and a Chinese Foraminiferal Sculpture Park. Foraminiferal art, although very abundant in many forms, has not caught the attention of many people outside of foraminiferology.
Perceptions of ASHA workers in the HOPE collaborative care mental health intervention in rural South India: a qualitative analysis
Authors: Bansal Stuti , Srinivasan Krishnamachari , Ekstrand Maria 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveThe main objective of this exploratory study was to investigate the overlooked perspectives and beliefs of Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA workers) regarding a collaborative care mental health intervention (HOPE:HealthierOptions throughEmpowerment), mental illness and the health of their rural communities.DesignSemi-structured, one-on-one, qualitative interviews.SettingSeven primary health centres (PHCs) in rural Karnataka, India. All PHCs had previously completed the HOPE study.Participants15 ASHA workers, selected via purposive sampling. ASHAs are high school-educated village women trained as community health workers. ASHAs were included if they had previously participated in the HOPE intervention, a collaborative-care randomised controlled trial that aimed to integrate mental healthcare into existing primary care systems in rural Karnataka.InterventionsNo interventions were introduced.ResultsASHA workers mostly had positive interactions with patients, including encouraging them to attend sessions, helping to explain the topics and techniques, and checking on the patients frequently. ASHA workers were able to identify key barriers to treatment and facilitators to treatment. ASHAs claimed that their knowledge about mental illness improved because of the HOPE study, though gaps remained in their understanding of aetiology and treatment. Several expressed interest in receiving additional mental health training. Overall, ASHAs viewed the HOPE study as a necessary and effective intervention, and requested that it expand.ConclusionsThis paper discusses the perspectives of ASHAs who participated in a novel effort to extend the collaborative care model to their own communities. ASHA workers help maintain relationships with patients that encourage participation, and the efforts of ASHAs often aid in mitigating common barriers to treatment. ASHA workers’ beliefs and knowledge regarding mental illness can be changed, and ASHAs can become effective advocates for patients. Future collaborative care interventions would likely benefit from involving ASHA workers in community outreach efforts.