bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary Prebiotics and Arachidonic Acid Alter Intestinal Phospholipid Composition and Time‐Dependently Change Fecal Microbiome in Formula‐Fed Piglets
Authors: Thorpe Makenzie K , Xi Lin , Maltecca Christian , Walters Kathleen R. , Smith Andrew , Odle Jack , Jacobi Sheila K. 
Published: June 2021

Establishment of a homeostatic gut microbiome early in life could have long term outcomes for health of adults. Neonatal nutrition plays a critical role in establishment of the gut microbiome. Milk oligosaccharides (MO) serve as nutrients involved in establishing the gut microbiome, and long‐chain PUFA (LCPUFA) may be involved in modulation of microbiome but are critically important in neonatal development. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of supplemental LCPUFA and prebiotics on establishment of the intestinal microbiome in early life. Day‐old pigs were randomized among 4 diets (0.5% arachidonic acid (ARA; control); 4g/L galactooligosaccharide + 4 g/L polydextrose (PRE); 2.5% ARA, and PRE+ARA; n=24 per group) and fed 3 times per d for 21 d. Fecal swabs were collected weekly and microbiome analysis was performed via 16S rDNA Illumina sequencing. Pigs were euthanized on d22 and fatty acid composition of colonic mucosa was analyzed via GC‐MS. Diet did not affect growth. Microbial taxa significantly changed from d0 to 21 in a diet dependent manner with diets containing prebiotics clustering together by d7 post‐feeding and becoming more closely associated with longer feeding times (P<0.05). Specifically, an increase in bacterial taxa belonging to the phyla Bacteroidetes was observed (P<0.05). Colonic mucosal ARA% (w/w) increased from 3.83 in controls to 6.67 in pigs fed diets enriched in ARA (P < .001), with reciprocal reductions in linoleate concentration. Dietary prebiotics increased ARA and linoleate concentration but reduced stearate concentration in colonic mucosa P<.002). In conclusion supplementation of formula with prebiotics significantly shifts microbial taxa from d7 to d21 of age and also altered colonic fatty acid composition. Dietary LCPUFA (arachidonic acid) has minimal impact on microbial taxa but predictably enriched colonic mucosa in ARA.Support or Funding InformationThis project was supported by Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2014‐67017‐21750 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture.
Fruit and Vegetable Diet Intervention in Young Adults with Metabolic Syndrome: Fruvedomics Pilot Study
Authors: Clark Rashel L , Famodu Oluremi A , Barr Makenzie L , Murray Pamela J , Olfert I Mark , Downes Marianne T , Cuff Chris C , McFadden Joseph W , Chantler Paul D , Colby Sarah E , Olfert Melissa Diann 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveDesign and implement a multi‐disciplinary primary dietary intervention following the USDA Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015 for young adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS).MethodsUniversity students (18–30 years old) with MetS were recruited via flyers, class announcements, and a phone screening questionnaire. Screened individuals completed anthropometric measures (height, weight, body fat percentage) and fasting blood lipids and serum glucose levels. Seventeen of forty‐one of the initially screened participants were diagnosed with MetS. Participants (n=17) were assessed with: arterial stiffness, complete blood lipid panel, anthropometric measures, 24‐hour diet recall, and body composition measurements (Bod Pod). Participants had an 8‐week diet intervention with weekly consultations reviewing data from food logs, food receipts, and adherence to the diet. Participants were given a culinary toolkit at the beginning of the intervention and had the opportunity to attend two group food demonstrations throughout the 8 weeks.ResultsStudy participants (n=17, male=6; females=11) consisted of the following demographics. Ethnicity was 76% white, 17% African American, and 5% Asian. Mean age was 22±3.43 years old. Fruit and vegetable intake increased from pre‐assessment to 8 weeks. Mean fruit intake of the group increased from 0.6 cups to 1.9 cups per day. Mean vegetable intake of the group increased from 0.97 cups to 2.54 cups per day. A repeated measures analysis of both fruit (p<0.0001) and vegetable (p<0.0008) intake from pre‐assessment to week 8 was found to be significant.CRP and cholesterol were higher than clinical normal values (11.6±11.3 mg/dl and 171±27 mg/dl, respectively) at the start of the intervention. Using the NCEP Panel III Risk Scoring for MetS‐the following is the percentage of the participants (n=17) who met the qualification for that category prior to the invention: Waist Circumference (100%), blood pressure (23.5%), fasting triglycerides (47%), high density lipoprotein (82%), and fasting blood glucose (70%). MetS risk score was also assessed using the West Virginia University MetS severity calculator, where all participants were at a high risk with scores ≥6.Conclusions and ImplicationsImplementation of a free‐living 8‐week diet with intensive education and accountability gave participants the knowledge, skills, and feedback to improve fruit and vegetable consumption. Identification of young adults with MetS allows for implementation of an intervention to improve diet and decrease the individual's risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and diabetes.Support or Funding InformationUSDA/AFRI #2014‐67001‐21851; WV Clinical and Translational Science Institute (NIH/MIGMS AwardNumber U54GM104942); WVU Mountains of Excellence Pilot Grant Program; and WVU Pediatrics Department Grant
Anti‐Atherogenic Potential of Edible Mushrooms
Authors: Kim Sharon , Thomas Michael , Meydani Mohsen 
Published: June 2021

For centuries, mushrooms have been used as medicinal plants, and, more recently, have been a growing component of a healthy diet. Mushrooms are low in sodium and are good sources of fiber, bioactive compounds, selenium, potassium and vitamin D, all which may contribute to a healthy heart through anti‐inflammatory and anti‐atherogenic activities. While several types of mushrooms have been studied for their effects on serum lipid profiles, few studies have demonstrated edible mushrooms' effects on atherogenesis. The specific objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of two commonly consumed edible mushrooms, portobello mushroom (PBM) and shiitake mushroom (SHM), on the prevention of atherosclerosis and associated inflammation. Ldlr−/− mice were fed with one of 5 dietary compositions for 16 weeks: low‐fat (4% fat) control diet (LF‐C), high fat (8% fat) control (HF‐C) diet, 10% of HF‐C diet replaced with PBM powder (HF‐PBM), or with SHM powder, (HF‐SHM), or with a “control mixture”, best matched to the average nutrient levels of the mushroom powders (MIX‐C). Mice fed with HF‐PBM or HF‐SHM diet displayed lower body weight gains (p<0.05) compared to the other dietary groups. Among the two mushrooms fed mice, HF‐SHM fed mice had significantly lower average body weight gain compared to HF‐PBM group (p<0.01). Despite the low body weight gains, EchoMRI™ analysis of body composition revealed that the overall lean mass was not affected as significantly as fat mass, indicating a plausible positive effect of mushrooms on fat metabolism and lipid profiles. Mice fed HF‐SHM displayed the lowest fat mass (p<0.0001) and lean mass (p<0.01), relative to other groups, whereas mice fed HF‐PBM had a lower body fat mass (p<0.001) but not lean mass (p=0.24) compared to other groups. Ex‐vivo adhesion assay of monocytes to luminal surface of aorta showed that mice fed HF‐C exhibited a trend of a higher number of splenocyte attachment, whereas feeding mice with LF‐C and HF‐SHM exhibited a lower number of splenocyte adhesion. Further, quantitative en‐face analysis of aortic lesions using Oil Red O staining revealed that only mice fed HF‐SHM had significantly fewer aortic lesions compared to those of mice fed HF‐C (p<0.01) and MIX‐C (p<0.01). These results further support the potential role of high levels of bioactive compounds such as ergothioneine, a strong antioxidant in SHM, on suppression of dietary fat induced atherosclerosis, an inflammatory disease of arteries.Support or Funding InformationSupported by USDA contract #58‐1950‐4‐003 and Mushroom Council.
Glioma Cell Proliferation Promoted by AK4 Regulated mTORC1 Pathway Activation
Authors: Silva Joshua , Lanning Nathan 
Published: June 2021

A hallmark of cancer cell biology is the dysregulation of signaling pathways that manage cancer‐associated phenotypes such as proliferation and survival. One dysfunctional pathway in cancer cells is the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). The mTOR pathway, involving both mTOR Complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2, functions as a central regulator of cell metabolism, growth, proliferation, and survival. mTORC1 kinase signaling allows for transitions between metabolic states by responding to environmental signals and controlling processes that regulate energy. Recently, the expression of an Adenylate Kinase 4 (AK4) protein has been identified as modulating cellular bioenergetics through the activation of pathways such as mTORC1, resulting in both enhanced proliferation and activation of stress responses. Additionally, reduced AK4 expression has been observed in primary human glioma cells, while the mTORC1 signaling pathway is highly activated in identical primary glioma cells. We hypothesize that AK4 expression regulates mTORC1 signaling and induces downstream effects that promote glioma cell biology. To determine if AK4 expression affects mTORC1 signaling, we knocked down AK4 expression using siRNA in U87‐MG glioma cell lines. Phospho‐specific modifications of activators and inhibitors upstream of the mTORC1 pathway and its downstream targets were assessed using Western blot (WB). AK4 knockdown (KD) and WB analysis revealed over‐active mTORC1 phosphorylation and inactivation of the downstream translational repressor, 4E‐BP1, compared to control glioma cell lines. Likewise, WB analysis displayed increased mTORC1 phosphorylation and activation of the downstream protein ribosomal S6, a regulator of protein translation. Reduced phosphorylation of upstream inhibitors and regulatory proteins of mTORC1, Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 (TSC2) and Regulatory‐associated protein of mTOR (RPTOR), was observed when compared to controls. Additionally, reduced mTORC1 phosphorylation of the autophagy inducing serine/threonine protein kinase ULK1 was evident by WB. Furthermore, bioluminescence analysis of AK4 KD U87‐MG glioma cells shows an increase in cell proliferation under nutrient stressed conditions compared to control. Overall, these data suggest that AK4 reduction may contribute to over‐active mTORC1 kinase signaling in glioma cells. Studies characterizing the role of AK4 reduction on glioma cell proliferation could further explain the contribution of endogenously reduced AK4 expression in glioma cell biology. By identifying the regulatory role of AK4, we hope to elucidate the therapeutic potential of modulating AK4 levels in cancer cells.Support or Funding InformationNSF# HRD‐1463889.
The good, the bad and the ugly of nitric oxide, superoxide and peroxynitrite signaling during oxygen‐glucose deprivation in rat and arctic ground squirrel
Authors: Bhowmick Saurav , Drew Kelly 
Published: June 2021

Cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury initiates a complex cascade of events, several of which involve the generation of nitic oxide (NO) and oxygen (O2•−) free radicals. NO and O2•− rapidly combine to form peroxynitrite (ONOO−) a potent oxidant and nitrating agent. Previous studies have revealed that the arctic ground squirrel (AGS; Urocitellus parryii) is a natural model of high tolerance to I/R injury, however, the mechanisms that contribute to the ability to tolerate this pathological scenario is still elusive. Here, we tested the hypothesis that tolerance to I/R injury modeled in an acute hippocampal slice preparation in AGS is modulated by reduced oxidative and nitrosative stress associated with oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD).Hippocampal slices (400 micron) from rat and AGS were subjected to oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) to mimic I/R in vivo using a novel microperfusion technique. Injury consisted of exposing the brain slices to: 1) NO and O2•− donors with and without OGD; and 2) pretreatment of slices with inhibitors of NO, O2•− and ONOO− followed by OGD. In control slices, treatment was administered by switching to standard aCSF. Perfusates were collected every 15 min and analyzed for LDH release, an indicator of cell death; slices were analyzed for nitrosative and oxidative damage using the markers 3‐nitrotyrosine (3NT) and 4‐hydroxynonenal (4HNE).Results show the effect of NO, O2•− and ONOO− mediated injury in ischemic tolerant AGS and ischemic susceptible rat. 1) Effect of NO mediated Injury: An NO donor alone is not sufficient to cause cell death, but with OGD enhances cell death more in rat than in AGS; an inhibitor of nNOS attenuates OGD‐induced injury in rat but has no effect in AGS. 2) Effect of O2•− mediated injury: A O2•− donor alone causes slight injury in rat and even less injury in AGS. Combining the O2•− donor with OGD aggravates the injury in rat; a SOD mimetic attenuates OGD injury in rat but has no effect in AGS. 3) Effect of ONOO− mediated injury: A ONOO− inhibitor attenuates OGD injury in rat but has no effect in AGS. Rat also shows higher levels of 3NT and 4HNE after OGD insult than AGS. These data demonstrate that in rat both NO and O2•− are required for injury and point to ONOO− as the damaging agent. This same mechanism of OGD‐induced cell death is lacking in AGS supporting the hypothesis that resistance to oxidative and nitrosative stress contributes to tolerance to cerebral I/R injury in AGS.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by the US Army Medical research and Material Command, No 0517800; the National Institute of Neurological Disorder and Stroke, Nos. NS041069‐06 and R15NS070779; Institutional Development Award (IDeA) from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under grant number P20GM103395.
Industry and Community Engagement in a High School Bioscience Course
Authors: Tabor Aaron J , Gray Ron J 
Published: June 2021

iCREATE is an NSF‐funded project at Northern Arizona University designed to engage community partners in a high school bioscience course to positively impact the number of students interest in pursuing bioscience‐related careers. The project integrates community collaborations, innovative course design, and modern technologies to engage students in an authentic problem in their community: the monitoring of infectious diseases. A high school level bioscience course has been designed and implemented in collaboration with local and regional partners including university faculty and graduate students, leading‐edge STEM industry partners, community organizations, and local school collaboratives. Project partners engage students in examining community needs regarding the authentic problem of tracking the spread of influenza across the region. Subsequently, students work with project partners in an effort to design innovative, technology‐rich solutions to address the problem. The university and industry partners bring current knowledge in bioscience and technological understanding of geospatial technologies to the classroom. An iterative outcome‐focused approach to development that is consistent with the major tenets of design‐based research is being used to refine the course design and generate new findings about effective experiences for impacting student interest in STEM learning and careers. A quasi‐experimental research design will be used to evaluate the promise of the intervention during a pilot test that will take place during the final year of the project.Support or Funding InformationiCREATE is an NSF‐funded.
A Consistent Database of Nutrient Intakes 1978‐Present Can Improve Analyses of Consumption Trends
Authors: Guthrie Joanne F , Smith Travis A. , Lin Biing‐Hwan 
Published: June 2021

For decades, the Federal Government has conducted nationally representative surveys of Americans' food and nutrient intakes. Major surveys used for dietary trend analyses include the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)'s 1977–78 Nationwide Food Consumption Survey (NFCS) and the 1989–91 and 1994–96 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), as well as the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)' National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). These surveys are used by researchers and policymakers to assess long‐term trends, yet methodological changes such as changes in nutrient databases can have important influences on results. The dietary references (i.e., nutrient values per 100 grams) utilized in the 1977–78 NFCS and 1989–91 CSFII differed from the 1994‐present databases, and did not contain some key nutrients like sodium. We link current dietary reference values to the 1977–78 NFCS and 1989–91 CSFII databases to create a consistent database that includes all the nutrients that can be analyzed today. We present examples of how the use of a consistent database can affect trend data using 1977–78 NFCS, the 1989–91 CSFII, and the continuous waves of NHANES 2003‐present. We describe the database we created to conduct these analyses, which will be publicly available upon completion.Support or Funding InformationSupported by U.S.Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service Cooperative Research Agreement No. 58‐4000‐6‐0009.
Hardy inequalities on metric measure spaces, II: the case
p
>
q
Authors: Ruzhansky Michael , Verma Daulti 
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we continue our investigations giving the characterization of weights for two-weight Hardy inequalities to hold on general metric measure spaces possessing polar decompositions. Since there may be no differentiable structure on such spaces, the inequalities are given in the integral form in the spirit of Hardy’s original inequality. This is a continuation of our paper (Ruzhansky & Verma 2018.
Proc. R. Soc. A
475
, 20180310 (
doi:10.1098/rspa.2018.0310
)) where we treated the case
p
≤
q
. Here the remaining range
p
>
q
is considered, namely, 0 <
q
<
p
, 1 <
p
< ∞. We give several examples of the obtained results, finding conditions on the weights for integral Hardy inequalities on homogeneous groups, as well as on hyperbolic spaces and on more general Cartan–Hadamard manifolds. As in the first part of this paper, we do not need to impose doubling conditions on the metric.
Pivoting in a COVID-19 teaching environment: developing interactive teaching approaches and online assessments to improve students’ experiences
Authors: Morgan Kate L. , Chen Wei 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the changes made to course delivery, course materials and assessment approaches required in response to the COVID-19 pandemic which forced many changes to occur in a very short time.

Design/methodology/approach
It is a case study of the changes made to content, teaching methods and assessment in a postgraduate introductory financial accounting course of approximately 350 students across two terms.

Findings
The key findings are that the sudden change from face-to-face to online teaching to address government regulations, social distancing expectations and students’ needs required immediate changes to how content was delivered, how to interact with students (many of who were studying outside of Australia), and how to adapt to online assessments. Many of the innovations the authors describe will continue to be used in the course going forward both in face-to-face and online formats. That is, the need to change resulted in innovations that can be implemented in a post-pandemic environment.

Originality/value
The key value of this paper is to provide instructors with insights into the innovations the authors made to address the changed circumstances, which can be incorporated into other accounting courses in the future.
Processes of consumer socialization: study of single-father households
Authors: Harrison Robert , Moisio Risto , Gentry James , Commuri Suraj 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
Despite years of research into consumer socialization, little research examines men’s roles in consumer socialization processes. The purpose of this paper is to attend to this gap and to investigate consumer socialization processes in single-father households.

Design/methodology/approach
To study consumer socialization processes, this paper develops its insights using grounded theory, deploying qualitative data to develop theory. The data include long interviews with both fathers and their children used to understand the processes of consumer socialization.

Findings
This paper finds six socialization processes: entrustment, entrainment, education, emprise, estrangement and elevation. These processes emerge based on different types of household resource gaps or aspects of men’s gender identity.

Research limitations/implications
The main implications are to study the roles played by cultural context and family type in socialization processes. Studies could examine whether the processes uncovered here occur in other family settings, as well as whether they vary based on children’s age and gender.

Practical implications
Household brands, products and services could target resource-scarce households using appeals that portray offerings as a means to develop children’s responsibilities, independence and involvement in household management. Marketers could also use advertising appeals that depict playful product usage and learning situations or more broadly position brands as identity brands making them more appealing to men who are striving to be better fathers.

Originality/value
This paper uniquely identifies a number of previously uncovered consumer socialization processes, as well as factors that influence them.
A BIM-based space-oriented solution for hospital facilities management
Authors: Wen Ya , Tang Llewellyn C.M. , Ho Daniel C.W. 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to propose a space-oriented solution as an interface enabling the knowledge transfer between the building and the facilities management (FM) industry.

Design/methodology/approach
The research gap is explored based on practical investigations in six large-scale hospitals in China. The theory of engineering systems integration inspires the proposed solution. A practical scenario is demonstrated to explain the workflow of this solution.

Findings
It is founded that lagging information updates of FM systems in hospital project are one of the main reasons for inefficient and costly FM workflow. Building information modelling (BIM) model could provide accurate building information to the FM systems at the building handover stage. However, few researchers focus on the continuous information transfer solution from the BIM model to FM systems during the building in-use phase. An interface should be established for the “conversation” between the frequent changes of building and the FM systems in the post-construction period.

Practical implications
The information updates in three FM systems due to space changes in a hospital project is considered as a practical scenario in this paper. It is presented with the workflow and the data logic chain.

Originality/value
The originality of this paper is to propose a solution to integrate the space information provided by the BIM model with the parameters of particular FM systems. This solution deploys a BIM model for the FM industry. The solution could allow the FM personnel to ease operations and maintenance workflow by updating the space information in the BIM model.