bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preoccupation as psychopathological process and symptom in adjustment disorder: A scoping review
Authors: Eberle David J. , Maercker Andreas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the ICD‐11 diagnostic guidelines, preoccupation has been introduced as the new core symptom of adjustment disorder. Despite this essential innovation, preoccupation has so far largely been defined as rumination and worry and does not feature a distinct character as an independent symptom. In order to investigate the nature of preoccupation, various cognitive approaches are evaluated and linked to preoccupation. Furthermore, the aim of this review is to define preoccupation more precisely and to distinguish it from other symptoms in psychopathology. The evaluation of key features of cognitive dissonance theory, attention bias theory, memory theories, and other cognitive paradigms indicates that preoccupation is constituted by a complex interaction of cognitive–emotional mechanisms. In addition, this review implies that preoccupation in AjD can be defined as stressor‐related factual thinking, which is time‐consuming and often associated with negative emotions. It is assumed that rumination and dysfunctional worry serve as reactive processes to cope with preoccupation. For further distinction, this review presents similarities and differences of preoccupation and other symptoms, including negative automatic thoughts, flashbacks, and yearning. Finally, implications and suggestions for future research on preoccupation are offered. Overall, it is plausible that preoccupation is not only associated with adjustment disorder but also possesses a transdiagnostic character.
The early life of a leaf‐cutter ant colony constrains symbiont vertical transmission and favors horizontal transmission
Authors: Phillips Zachary I. , Reding Luke , Farrior Caroline E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractColonial organisms host a large diversity of symbionts (collectively, parasites, mutualists, and commensals) that use vertical transmission (from parent colony to offspring colony) and/or horizontal transmission to disperse between host colonies. The early life of some colonies, characterized by the dispersal and establishment of solitary individuals, may constrain vertical transmission and favor horizontal transmission between large established colonies. We explore this possibility with the miniature cockroach Attaphila fungicola, a symbiont of leaf‐cutter ants and the mutualist fungal gardens they cultivate. The early life of a leaf‐cutter colony is characterized by the dispersal of a female alate (winged “queen”) carrying a fungal pellet, and the subsequent establishment of a foundress (workerless “queen”) raising her incipient fungal garden and colony. Roaches hitchhike on female alates during leaf‐cutter nuptial flights, which strongly suggests that roaches are vertically transmitted to foundresses and their incipient colonies; however, weak compatibility between roaches and incipient gardens may constrain roach vertical transmission. Reciprocally, opportunities for horizontal transmission between large established colonies with abundant fungal gardens may weaken selection against roach‐induced harm (virulence) of incipient gardens. We use a laboratory experiment, behavioral observations, field surveys, and a transmission model to estimate the effect roaches have on the survivorship of incipient gardens and the frequency of roach vertical transmission. Contrary to traditional assumptions, our results indicate that roaches harm incipient gardens and predominantly use horizontal transmission between established leaf‐cutter colonies. Ultimately, “costs of generalism” associated with infecting disparate stages of a host's lifecycle (e.g., incipient vs. established colonies) may constrain the vertical transmission of roaches and a broad range of symbionts.
Structural features of the mitogenome of the leafhopper genus Cladolidia (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Coelidiinae) and phylogenetic implications in Cicadellidae
Authors: Wang Xianyi , Wang Jiajia , Dai Renhuai 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe first two complete mitogenomes of the leafhopper genus Cladolidia (C. biungulata and C. robusta) were sequenced and annotated to further explore the phylogeny of Cladolidia. Both the newly sequenced mitogenomes have a typical circular structure, with lengths of 15,247 and 15,376 bp and A + T contents of 78.2% and 78%, respectively. We identified a highly conserved genome organization in the two Cladolidia spp. through comparative analysis that included the following assessments: genome content, gene order, nucleotide composition, codon usage, amino acid composition, and tRNA secondary structure. Moreover, we detected the base heterogeneity of Cicadellidae mitogenomic data and constructed phylogenetic trees using the nucleotide alignments of 12 subfamilies of 58 leafhopper species. We noted a weak heterogeneity in the base composition among the Cicadellidae mitogenomes. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the monophyly of each subfamily was generally well supported in the family Cicadellidae; the main topology was as follows: (Deltocephalinae + (Treehoppers + ((Megophthalminae + (Macropsinae + (Hylicinae + (Coelidiinae +Iassinae)) + (Idiocerinae + (Cicadellinae + (Typhlocybinae + (Mileewinae + (Evacanthinae +Ledrinae)))))))))). Within Coelidiinae, phylogenetic analyses revealed that C. biungulata and C. robusta belong to Coelidiinae and the monophyly of Cladolidia is well supported. In addition, on the basis of complete mitogenome phylogenetic analysis and the comparison of morphological characteristics, we further confirm the genus Olidiana as a paraphyletic group, suggesting that the genus may need taxonomic revisions.
Effect of a strategy of comprehensive vasodilation versus usual care on health‐related quality of life among patients with acute heart failure
Authors: Belkin Maria , Wussler Desiree , Gualandro Danielle Menosi , Shrestha Samyut , Strebel Ivo , Goudev Assen , Maeder Micha T. , Walter Joan , Flores Dayana , Kozhuharov Nikola , Lopez‐Ayala Pedro , Danier Isabelle , de Oliveira Junior Mucio Tavares , Kobza Richard , Rickli Hans , Breidthardt Tobias , Erne Paul , Münzel Thomas , Mueller Christian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimsWe aimed to assess the long‐term effect of a strategy of comprehensive vasodilation versus usual care on health‐related quality of life (HRQL) among patients with acute heart failure (AHF).Methods and resultsHealth‐related quality of life was prospectively assessed by the generic 3‐levelled EQ‐5D and the disease‐specific Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) among adult AHF patients enrolled in an international, multicentre, randomised, open‐label blinded‐end‐point trial of a strategy that emphasized early intensive and sustained vasodilation using maximally tolerated doses of established oral and transdermal vasodilators according to systolic blood pressure. Changes in EQ‐5D and KCCQ from admission to 180 day follow‐up were individually compared between the intensive vasodilatation and the usual care group. Among 666 patients eligible for 180 day follow‐up, 284 (43%, median age 79 years, 35% women) and 198 (30%, median age 77 years, 35% women) had completed the EQ‐5D and KCCQ at baseline and follow‐up, respectively. There was a significant improvement in HRQL as quantified by both, EQ‐5D and KCCQ, from hospitalization to 180 day follow‐up, with no significant differences in the change of HRQL between both treatment strategies. For instance, 39 (26%) versus 33 (25%) patients had an improvement by at least one level in at least two categories in the EQ‐5D. Median increase in KCCQ overall summary score (KCCQ‐OSS) was 17.6 (IQR 2.0–42.6) in the intervention group versus 18.5 (IQR 3.9–39.3) in the usual care group (P < 0.001 vs. baseline, P = 0.945 between groups).ConclusionsAmong patients with AHF, long‐term HRQL quantified by EQ‐5D and KCCQ improved substantially, with overall no significant differences between a strategy of comprehensive vasodilation versus usual care.
Graphdiyne and Ionic Liquid Composite Modified Gold Electrode for Sensitive Voltammetric Analysis of Rutin
Authors: Yan Lijun , Hu Tingxing , Li Xiaoqing , Ding Fengze , Wang Bei , Wang Baoli , Zhang Bingxue , Shi Fan , Sun Wei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIt is significant to develop a point‐of‐care testing (POCT) method for rapid detection of medicinal molecules. In this paper, a graphdiyne (GDY)‐ionic liquid (IL) composite was prepared via one‐step facile ultrasound preparation process and then modified on gold (Au) electrode surface by simple casting method. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the morphology of GDY‐IL composite. Cyclic voltammetric results proved that GDY‐IL composite on the electrode surface could effectively improve electron transfer rate, which meant that GDY‐IL composite had high conductivity with big surface area. Finally, the modified electrode exhibited excellent performances for rutin detection with wider linear range (8.0×10−9 mol L−1–2.0×10−6 mol L−1 and 2.0×10−6 mol L−1–1.5×10−4 mol L−1) and lower detection limit (2.7 nmol L−1, 3S0/S). The Nafion/GDY‐IL/Au electrode showed good sensitivity and high selectivity, which was satisfactory in analytical application to real samples. Therefore, the GDY‐IL composite modified electrode has the potential applications in the POCT for electrochemical analysis of various medicinal molecules.
Validation of the Microreader 28A ID System: A 6‐dye multiplex amplification assay for forensic application
Authors: Yin Lu , Zhu Jing , Qu Shengqiu , Li Yifan , Liu Yuqing , Yu Zailiang , Yang Fan , Zhang Ranran , Xue Jiaming , Huang Sicheng , Liang Weibo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Microreader 28A ID System is a new 28‐plex genotyping system with 6‐dye multiplex amplification, which allows the simultaneous amplification of all 20 Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) core loci (CSF1PO, D3S1358, D5S818, D7S820, D8S1179, D13S317, D16S539, D18S51, D21S11, FGA, TH01, TPOX, vWA, D1S1656, D2S441, D2S1338, D10S1248, D12S391, D19S433, D22S1045), plus five extended STRs loci (D6S1043, Penta D, Penta E, DYS391, SE33), 2 Y‐Indels (Rs2032678, Rs771783753), and the amelogenin loci. This system can be used for forensic analyses, such as personal identification, kinship testing, scientific research, database applications, and other aspects of human genetic identification.The validation of the Microreader 28A ID System followed the “Validation Guidelines for DNA Analysis Methods (2016)” described by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods and the regulations published by the China Ministry of Public Security. Our tests included PCR‐based studies, sensitivity study, precision and accuracy evaluation, stutter percentage and heterozygous peak height ratio, inhibitor tests, species specificity, and population studies. The validation results suggest that the Microreader 28A ID system is a robust and reliable amplification kit for personal identification, kinship testing, and forensic database applications.
Toward improved stability of nonfullerene organic solar cells: Impact of interlayer and built‐in potential
Authors: Lan Weixia , Gu Jialu , Wu Shiwei , Peng Yan , Zhao Min , Liao Yingjie , Xu Tao , Wei Bin , Ding Liming , Zhu Furong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractImproved efficiency and stability of the organic solar cells (OSCs) are the critical considerations for practical applications. The interface between the interlayer and bulk heterojunction has recently been shown as one of the weak links associated with the degradation in the nonfullerene acceptor (NFA)‐based OSCs. It shows that the removal of the interfacial chemical reactions between the 2‐(3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydroinden‐1‐ylidene)malononitrile (INCN) moieties in NFA and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) hole extraction layer (HEL) is desired for enhancing the device stability. In this work, we show that the use of a bilayer MoO3/antimonene HEL favors the operational stability in OSCs through maintaining a high built‐in potential and suppression of an undesired interfacial reaction between INCN moieties in NFA and the PEDOT structures in PEDOT:PSS. A power conversion efficiency of 16.68% is also obtained for the OSCs with a bilayer MoO3/antimonene HEL, prepared using a blend system of PM6:Y6, demonstrating its suitability for high‐performance OSCs.image
Microbial, physiochemical and functional properties of probiotic yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum enriched by green tea aqueous extract
Authors: Rahmani Fatemeh , Gandomi Hassan , Noori Negin , Faraki Azita , Farzaneh Melika 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this study, the effect of aqueous extract of green tea on the viability of probiotic bacteria including Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum and the sensory and physicochemical and functional properties of synbiotic yogurt was investigated during 4 weeks of storage. L. acidophilus and B. bifidum counts did not significantly change in yogurt containing 0.5% and 1% of the extract during storage. Also, the addition of the extract to yogurt highly increased the phenolic compounds, since the amount of phenolic compounds in yogurt containing 0.5% and 1% extract was 660 and 1,123 mg gallic acid/kg, respectively. In addition, a significant increase in the antioxidant activity of yogurt containing green tea extract was observed in comparison with the control. The amount of antioxidant activity increased during 4 weeks of storage, which reached to 4,193 and 7,337 mg BHT eq./kg in probiotic yogurt containing 0.5% and 1% extract, respectively. The acidity increased during 4 weeks of storage, while the pH decreased. Addition of the extract significantly increased the acidity of probiotic yogurt compared with the control (p < .05). In addition, in all studied groups, an increase in syneresis was observed during the study, and the syneresis was greater in yogurt containing aqueous extract of green tea, compared with the control group. Although adding the green tea extract to probiotic yogurt impaired taste, texture, and appearance compared with the plain yogurt, the overall acceptability of these samples was yet above the acceptable level. In conclusion, the results of the study showed that the addition of aqueous extract of green tea increased the antioxidant properties and the amount of phenolic compounds in yogurt, while the viability of probiotic bacteria was not changed. Therefore, the simultaneous use of green tea extract and probiotics in yogurt is recommended as an effective functional food formulation.
Treatment outcomes of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and transoral robotic surgery in locoregionally advanced laryngopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Solimeno Lorenzo S. , Park Young Min , Lim Jae‐Yol , Koh Yoon Woo , Kim Se‐Heon 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to identify the optimal indications of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and transoral robotic surgery (TORS) in patients with locoregionally advanced (T3‐4 or N2‐3) head and neck cancer (HNC).MethodsA total of 50 patients were included in the study.ResultsT1 was identified in seven cases, T2 in 19, T3 in 22, and T4 in 2. N0 was identified in nine cases, N1 in 18, N2 in 22, and N3 in 1. There were 25 patients (50%) with complete remission of the primary lesion and 25 patients (50%) with partial remission. On pathologic examination of surgical specimens after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and TORS, 2 patients (4%) had a positive surgical margin, and 48 patients (96%) had a negative margin. Pathologic metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) were not observed in 39 cases (78%), and one metastatic LN was observed in 11 cases (22%). The 3‐year recurrence‐free survival (RFS) of all patients was 85.4%. On multivariate analysis, lymphovascular invasion showed a significant correlation with RFS.ConclusionsIn patients with locoregionally advanced HNC, NACT and TORS achieved favorable oncologic and functional outcomes.
Effect of variable heat generation/absorption on magnetohydrodynamic Sakiadis flow of Casson/Carreau hybrid nanoliquid due to a persistently moving needle
Authors: Chalavadi Sulochana , Madde Poornima , Naramgari Sandeep , Gangadhar Poojari Ashwinkumar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA numerical investigation is performed in the present research to confer the boundary layer characteristics of MHD flow of hybrid nanoliquids across a stagnation region of the poignant needle with thermal radiation and irregular heat source/sink effects. The hybrid nanoliquid utilized in this study is composed of uniquely manufactured aluminum alloys AA7075/AA7072 suspended in methanol liquid. Simultaneous results are depicted for Casson hybrid nanoliquid and Carreau hybrid nanoliquid for the Sakiadis fluid flow circumstance. The transmuted ordinary differential equations are resolved by means of the Runge–Kutta method with a shooting scheme. Numerical outcomes of momentum, thermal, and concentration distributions are deployed by means of graphical trends and wall friction, thermal, and mass transport rates are interpreted using tabular values. It reveals from the results that the occurrence of a special variety of alloy hybrid nanoparticles significantly surpasses the thermal transport performance of the host liquid. Also, the heat transport operation of the Casson fluid model is notably superior to the Carreau fluid model. Also, thermal distributions of the Carreau fluid model are substantially amplified by a rise in volume fraction of hybrid particles than the Casson fluid model.
An environmental scan of impacts and interventions for women with methamphetamine use in pregnancy and their children
Authors: Ackerman Melissa , Madampage Claudia , Epp Lynette J. , Gartner Kali , King Alexandra 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundIndigenous women are overrepresented among people who use (PWU) methamphetamine (MA) due to colonialism and intergenerational trauma. Prenatal methamphetamine exposure (PME) is increasing as the number of PWUMA of childbearing age grows. Yet impacts of MA in pregnancy and effective interventions are not yet well understood.ObjectiveWe conducted an environmental scan of published and grey literature (2010–2020) to determine effects of MA use in pregnancy for mothers and their offspring, effective interventions and implications for Indigenous women.Search strategyA strategic search of Ovid Medline, Embase, ProQuest—Public Health and CINAHL databases identified academic literature, while Google and ProQuest—Public Health identified grey literature.Selection criteriaArticle selection was based on titles, abstracts and keywords. The time frame captured recent MA composition and excluded literature impacted by coronavirus disease 2019.Data collection and analysisData extracted from 80 articles identified 463 results related to 210 outcomes, and seven interventions. Analysis focused on six categories: maternal, neonatal/infant, cognitive, behavioral, neurological, and interventions.Main resultsMaternal outcomes were more congruent than child outcomes. The most prevalent outcomes were general neonatal/infant outcomes.ConclusionA lack of Indigenous‐specific research on PME and interventions highlights a need for future research that incorporates relevant historical and sociocultural contexts.
Perspectives about smoking cessation during pregnancy and beyond of Aboriginal women in Australia: A qualitative analysis using the COM‐B model
Authors: Rahman Tabassum , Foster Joley , Hera Fuentes Gina L. , Cameron Liz , Gould Gillian S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveAboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women (hereafter Aboriginal) and their babies experience poor health outcomes for which smoking is a major risk factor. This paper explores Aboriginal women's perspectives on and experiences of smoking cessation, within and outside pregnancy, and their use of smoking cessation services using the COM‐B (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation as determinants of Behaviour) model to understand Aboriginal women's capabilities, opportunities, and motivation for smoking cessation.MethodsData came from 11 focus groups conducted in regional New South Wales, Australia, with 80 women aged between 16 and 68 years. Thematic analysis was performed following the COM‐B model.ResultsSeven themes related to capability, opportunity, motivation, and smoking cessation behaviors were identified. The themes highlighted that agency, knowledge, and self‐efficacy (as capability), a supportive social environment, and access to culturally appropriate services and resources (as opportunities), together with automatic and reflective motivations for quitting, may enable short‐ or long‐term smoking cessation.ConclusionSmoking cessation interventions may be more effective if the dynamics of the COM‐B factors are considered. Policy and practice changes for further enhancing regional Aboriginal women's psychological capability and supportive social environments, and making smoking cessation services culturally appropriate are warranted.
Association of mid‐trimester maternal angiogenic biomarkers with small‐for‐gestational‐age infants in an urban Zambian cohort: a nested case‐control study
Authors: Mabula‐Bwalya Chileshe M. , Smithmyer Megan E. , Mwape Humphrey , Chipili Gabriel , Conner Madelyn , Vwalika Bellington , De Paris Kristina , Stringer Jeffrey S.A. , Price Joan T. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether angiogenic biomarker concentrations differ between women who deliver small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) infants (<10th centile birth weight for gestational age) compared with controls, because identifying SGA risk early could improve outcomes.MethodsThis case‐control study compared serum concentrations of angiogenic biomarkers before 24 weeks of pregnancy from 62 women who delivered SGA infants (cases) and 62 control women from an urban Zambian cohort. Odds of delivering an SGA infant were calculated using conditional logistic regression.ResultsPlacental growth factor (PlGF), soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase (sFLT‐1) and soluble endoglin (sEng) in controls were 37.74 pg/mL (interquartile range [IQR] 23.12–63.15), 2525.18 pg/mL (IQR 1502.21–4265.54) and 2408.18 pg/mL (IQR 1854.87–3017.94), respectively. SGA cases had higher PlGF (40.50 pg/mL, IQR 22.81–67.94) and sFLT‐1 (2613.06 pg/mL, IQR 1720.58–3722.50), and lower sEng (2038.06 pg/mL, IQR 1445.25–3372.26). Participants with sEng concentration below and concomitant sFLT‐1 concentration above their respective thresholds (n = 40) had five‐fold higher odds of SGA (adjusted odds ratio 4.77, 95% confidence interval 1.61–14.1; P = 0.005).ConclusionBiomarker concentrations were similar between cases and controls. Participants with concomitant low sEng and high sFLT‐1 had the highest odds of SGA, suggesting that a combination of biomarkers may better for predicting SGA than single biomarkers.
Systems Thinking and Business Resilience: Questions That Should Keep Us Up at Night
Authors: Siviy Jeannine , Kim Gene 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTAs interdisciplinary systems thinkers, we in the systems engineering field – especially the members of the Systems and Software Interface Working Group (SaSIWG) – are wired to believe that a “systems mindset should be everywhere.” To catalyze the conversation about increasing the relevance of systems engineering and systems thinking in software‐ and data‐intensive settings, this paper offers eight thought questions, which span governance, people, process, technology, and business concerns. The goal: resilience in the face of ever‐increasing volatility and complexity. Join our conversation!