bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between heart failure and incident cancer in women: an analysis of the Women's Health Initiative
Authors: Leedy Douglas J. , Reding Kerryn W. , Vasbinder Alexi L. , Anderson Garnet L. , Barac Ana , Wactawski‐Wende Jean , Shadyab Aladdin H. , Eaton Charles B. , Levy Wayne C. , Qi LiHong , Cheng Richard K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsThere is conflicting evidence whether heart failure (HF) is a risk factor for incident cancer. Despite population‐based cohorts demonstrating this association, an analysis of the Physician's Health Study found no association in a cohort of mostly healthy males. We investigated the association of HF with incident cancer among a large cohort of post‐menopausal women.Methods and resultsA prospective cohort study of 146 817 post‐menopausal women age 50 to 79 years enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative from 1993–1998, and followed through 2015. The primary exposure was adjudicated incident HF diagnosis, including preserved and reduced ejection fraction in a sub‐cohort. The primary outcome was adjudicated incident total and site‐specific cancers. Hazard ratios were calculated using multivariable‐adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression models. Over a median follow‐up of 8.4 years, 3272 and 17 474 women developed HF and cancer, respectively. HF developed in 235 women prior to cancer. HF was associated with subsequent incident cancer [hazard ratio (HR) 1.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11–1.48]. Associations were observed for obesity‐related cancers (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.02–1.51), as well as lung and colorectal cancers (HR 1.58, 95% CI 1.09–2.30 and HR 1.52, 95% CI 1.02–2.27, respectively). HF with preserved ejection fraction (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.06–1.67), but not HF reduced ejection fraction (HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.74–1.34), was associated with total cancer.ConclusionHeart failure was associated with an increase in cancer diagnoses in post‐menopausal women. This association was strongest for lung cancer. Further research is needed to appreciate the underlying mechanisms responsible for this association.
Surgical ablation of the right greater splanchnic nerve for the treatment of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: first‐in‐human clinical trial
Authors: Málek Filip , Gajewski Piotr , Zymliński Robert , Janczak Dariusz , Chabowski Mariusz , Fudim Marat , Martinca Tomas , Neužil Petr , Biegus Jan , Mates Martin , Krüger Andreas , Skalský Ivo , Bapna Anisha , Engelman Zoar J. , Ponikowski Piotr P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsInappropriate control of blood volume redistribution may be a mechanism responsible for exercise intolerance in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). We propose to address this underlying pathophysiology with selective blockade of sympathetic signalling to the splanchnic circulation by surgical ablation of the right greater splanchnic nerve (GSN).Methods and resultsIn a single‐arm, prospective, two‐centre trial, 10 patients with HFpEF (50% male, mean age 70 ± 3 years) all with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III, left ventricular ejection fraction >40%, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) ≥15 mmHg at rest or ≥25 mmHg with supine cycle ergometry, underwent ablation of the right GSN via thoracoscopic surgery. Patients were evaluated at baseline, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the procedure. The primary endpoint was a reduction in exercise PCWP at 3 months. There were no adverse events related to the blockade of the nerve during 12‐month follow‐up but three patients had significant peri‐procedural adverse events related to the surgical procedure itself. At 3 months post‐GSN ablation, patients demonstrated a reduction in 20 W exercise PCWP when compared to baseline [−4.5 mmHg (95% confidence interval, CI −14 to −2); P = 0.0059], which carried over to peak exercise [−5 mmHg (95% CI −11 to 0; P = 0.016). At 12 months, improvements were seen in NYHA class [3 (3) vs. 2 (1, 2); P = 0.0039] and quality of life assessed with the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire [60 (51, 71) vs. 22 (16, 27); P = 0.0039].ConclusionIn this first‐in‐human study, GSN ablation in HFpEF proved to be feasible, with a suggestion of reduced cardiac filling pressure during exercise, improved quality of life and exercise capacity.
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction according to the HFA‐PEFF score in COVID‐19 patients: clinical correlates and echocardiographic findings
Authors: Hadzibegovic Sara , Lena Alessia , Churchill Timothy W. , Ho Jennifer E. , Potthoff Sophia , Denecke Corinna , Rösnick Lukas , Heim Katrin Moira , Kleinschmidt Malte , Sander Leif Erik , Witzenrath Martin , Suttorp Norbert , Krannich Alexander , Porthun Jan , Friede Tim , Butler Javed , Wilkenshoff Ursula , Pieske Burkert , Landmesser Ulf , Anker Stefan D. , Lewis Gregory D. , Tschöpe Carsten , Anker Markus S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsViral‐induced cardiac inflammation can induce heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)‐like syndromes. COVID‐19 can lead to myocardial damage and vascular injury. We hypothesised that COVID‐19 patients frequently develop a HFpEF‐like syndrome, and designed this study to explore this.Methods and resultsCardiac function was assessed in 64 consecutive, hospitalized, and clinically stable COVID‐19 patients from April–November 2020 with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥50% (age 56 ± 19 years, females: 31%, severe COVID‐19 disease: 69%). To investigate likelihood of HFpEF presence, we used the HFA‐PEFF score. A low (0–1 points), intermediate (2–4 points), and high (5–6 points) HFA‐PEFF score was observed in 42%, 33%, and 25% of patients, respectively. In comparison, 64 subjects of similar age, sex, and comorbidity status without COVID‐19 showed these scores in 30%, 66%, and 4%, respectively (between groups: P = 0.0002). High HFA‐PEFF scores were more frequent in COVID‐19 patients than controls (25% vs. 4%, P = 0.001). In COVID‐19 patients, the HFA‐PEFF score significantly correlated with age, estimated glomerular filtration rate, high‐sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT), haemoglobin, QTc interval, LVEF, mitral E/A ratio, and H2FPEF score (all P < 0.05). In multivariate, ordinal regression analyses, higher age and hsTnT were significant predictors of increased HFA‐PEFF scores. Patients with myocardial injury (hsTnT ≥14 ng/L: 31%) vs. patients without myocardial injury, showed higher HFA‐PEFF scores [median 5 (interquartile range 3–6) vs. 1 (0–3), P < 0.001] and more often showed left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (75% vs. 27%, P < 0.001).ConclusionHospitalized COVID‐19 patients frequently show high likelihood of presence of HFpEF that is associated with cardiac structural and functional alterations, and myocardial injury. Detailed cardiac assessments including echocardiographic determination of left ventricular diastolic function and biomarkers should become routine in the care of hospitalized COVID‐19 patients.
Primary results of long‐term outcomes in the MOMENTUM 3 pivotal trial and continued access protocol study phase: a study of 2200 HeartMate 3 left ventricular assist device implants
Authors: Mehra Mandeep R. , Cleveland Joseph C. , Uriel Nir , Cowger Jennifer A. , Hall Shelley , Horstmanshof Douglas , Naka Yoshifumi , Salerno Christopher T. , Chuang Joyce , Williams Christopher , Goldstein Daniel J. ,    on behalf of the MOMENTUM 3 Investigators
Published: May 2021

AimThe MOMENTUM 3 pivotal trial established superiority of the HeartMate 3 (HM3) left ventricular assist device (LVAD), a fully magnetically levitated centrifugal‐flow pump, over the HeartMate II axial‐flow pump. We now evaluate HM3 LVAD outcomes in a single‐arm prospective continuous access protocol (CAP) post‐pivotal trial study.Methods and resultsWe enrolled 2200 HM3 implanted patients (515 pivotal trial and 1685 CAP patients) and compared outcomes including survival free of disabling stroke or reoperation to replace or remove a malfunctioning device (primary composite endpoint), overall survival and major adverse events at 2 years. The 2‐year primary endpoint [76.7% vs. 74.8%; adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.71–1.08, P = 0.21] and overall survival (81.2% vs. 79.0%) were similar among CAP and pivotal cohorts despite sicker patients (more intra‐aortic balloon pump use and INTERMACS profile 1) in CAP who were more often intended for destination therapy. Survival was similar between the CAP and pivotal trial in transplant ineligible patients (79.1% vs. 76.7%; adjusted HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.68–1.16, P = 0.38). In a pooled analysis, the 2‐year primary endpoint was similar between INTERMACS profiles 1–2 (‘unstable’ advanced heart failure), profile 3 (‘stable’ on inotropic therapy), and profiles 4–7 (‘stable’ ambulatory advanced heart failure) (75.7% vs. 77.6% vs. 72.9%, respectively). The net burden of adverse events was lower in CAP (adjusted rate ratio 0.93, 95% CI 0.88–0.98, P = 0.006), with consequent decrease in hospitalization.ConclusionsThe primary results of accumulating HM3 LVAD experience suggest a lower adverse event burden and similar survival compared to the pivotal MOMENTUM 3 trial.
The Design of Gold Decorated Iron Borates (Fe3BO6 and FeBO3) for Photothermal Therapy and Boron Carriers
Authors: Icten Okan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCancer remains one of the serious diseases that threaten health, as treatment methods cannot meet the practical needs at the desired level. Therefore, developing new materials that can be used in cancer treatment is an essential effort. The purpose of this study was to develop new materials for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) as boron carriers and for photothermal therapy (PTT). Hence, iron borates were prepared with different morphologies and then coated with polydopamine (PDA) to increase the solubility and biocompatibility and also to contribute to the reduction in gold particles. Lastly, gold nanoparticles were deposited on the surface of iron borates, and the photothermal performance of the gold‐decorated and PDA‐coated iron borates (Fe3BO6@PDA−Au and FeBO3@PDA−Au) was investigated under 808 nm NIR laser. After 900 s irradiation, the temperatures of the dispersions of Fe3BO6@PDA−Au and FeBO3@PDA−Au nanoparticles reached 45.8 and 43.2 °C, respectively. Additionally, the approximate numbers of boron atoms per milligram of Fe3BO6@PDA−Au and FeBO3@PDA−Au nanoparticles were calculated to be 1.23×1018 B mg−1 and 2.79×1018 B mg−1, respectively. In addition to PTT, the functional Fe3BO6@PDA−Au and FeBO3@PDA−Au nanoparticles introduced herein could be helpful in BNCT applications.
A catastrophic flowslide that overrides a liquefied substrate: the 1983 Saleshan landslide in China
Authors: Zhang Fanyu , Peng Jianbing , Wu Xiugang , Pan Fazhen , Jiang Yao , Kang Chao , Wu Weijiang , Ma Wenguo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFlowslides that override a liquefied substrate can vastly enhance a disaster after failure initiation. These effects may result from the rapid velocity and long runout distance from slides mobilized into flows. It is thus crucial to provide an improved understanding of the transformation mechanisms of catastrophic flowslides for hazard evaluation. This study examines the Saleshan landslide in Gansu, China, which occurred in 1983 and killed more than 200 people. The Saleshan landslide travelled for approximately 1 km due to pore water pressure generation resulting from overrunning and liquefication of the alluvial sands in the river valley below. We used geomorphologic and topographic maps to determine its dynamic features and mobilization behaviors on the landslide body, and placemarks and seismic signals to identify its approximate velocity at different sites. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) surveys also revealed the hydrogeological conditions post‐landslide, showing a clear groundwater table along with the liquefied alluvial sand and gravel layers. Particle size distributions and triaxial shear behaviors confirmed more ready liquefaction of superficial loess and underlying alluvial sand in comparison with the red soil above and below them. Novel loading impact triaxial testing was also performed on the alluvial sand to elucidate its liquefaction potential in undrained and drained conditions. The alluvial sand was found to be markedly prone to liquefaction in undrained conditions due to impact‐induced increased pore water pressure. The results further demonstrated that the Saleshan landslide underwent a transformation from a slowing slide on a steep slope, where it originated, to flow on a nearly flat terrace with abundant groundwater that it overrode. The transformation mechanism involved the liquefied alluvium sand substrate, which greatly enhanced the landslide mobility. Along with recent, similar findings from landslides globally, substrate liquefaction may result in a widespread, significant increase in landslide mobility and thus hazard, and the present study identifies the requisite conditions for this phenomenon to occur.
Fate of chlorpyrifos, omethoate, cypermethrin, and deltamethrin during wheat milling and Chinese steamed bread processing
Authors: Yu Lili , Zhang Huijie , Niu Xinning , Wu Li , Zhang Yan , Wang Bujun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo investigate the fractioning of chlorpyrifos, omethoate, cypermethrin, and deltamethrin during wheat milling and the fate of four pesticides during Chinese steamed bread (CSB) processing, wheat samples, which were sprayed twice with chlorpyrifos, omethoate, cypermethrin, and deltamethrin at three levels of concentrations during the grain‐filling stage, were milled, and wheat flour was processed to CSB. The residues of four pesticides in the milling products, kneaded dough, fermented dough, and CSB were determined with GC‐MS/MS. The concentrations of chlorpyrifos, omethoate, cypermethrin, and deltamethrin in bran were 1.46–1.57, 1.85–2.13, 1.27–1.86, and 1.63–2.33 times higher than those in wheat, respectively, while the residues of the four pesticides in shorts decreased approximately 27.97% to 57.02% for chlorpyrifos, 6.22% to 44.77% for cypermethrin, and 13.13% to 61.15% for deltamethrin compared with the residues in wheat (p < .05); however, omethoate levels approximately doubled in the ten‐fold treatment group in shorts compared with those in wheat (p < .05). The residues of the four pesticides in flour were significantly lower than those in wheat, ranging from 38.68% to 98.04%. Chlorpyrifos and omethoate levels showed a slight decrease during the kneading and fermentation process, and further decreases of 2.46%–29.51% for chlorpyrifos and 14.22%–71.11% for omethoate were found in CSB; however, most of the groups of cypermethrin and deltamethrin showed various degrees of increases in kneaded and fermented dough and steamed bread compared with flour. The mechanism of this increase is unknown and needs further research.
Nephroprotective activity of natural products against chemical toxicants: The role of Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway
Authors: Molaei Emad , Molaei Ali , Abedi Farshad , Hayes A. Wallace , Karimi Gholamreza 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNephropathy can occur following exposure of the kidneys to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is the result of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation due to intracellular catabolism or exogenous toxicant exposure. Many natural products (NPs) with antioxidant properties have been used to demonstrate that oxidative damage‐induced nephrotoxicity can be ameliorated or at least reduced through stimulation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway. Nrf2 is a basic leucine zipper (bZip) transcription factor that regulates gene expression of the antioxidant response elements (ARE). Nrf2 is involved in the cellular antioxidant‐detoxification machinery. Nrf2 activation is a major mechanism of nephroprotective activity for these NPs, which facilitates its entry into the nucleus, primarily by inhibiting Kelch like‐ECH‐associated protein 1 (Keap1). The purpose of this article was to review the peer‐reviewed literature of NPs that have shown mitigating effects on renal disorder by stimulating Nrf2 and thereby suggesting potential new therapeutic or prophylactic strategies against kidney‐damaging xenobiotics.
The stage‐specifically accelerated brain aging in never‐treated first‐episode patients with depression
Authors: Han Shaoqiang , Chen Yuan , Zheng Ruiping , Li Shuying , Jiang Yu , Wang Caihong , Fang Keke , Yang Zhengui , Liu Liang , Zhou Bingqian , Wei Yarui , Pang Jianyue , Li Hengfen , Zhang Yong , Cheng Jingliang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDepression associated with structural brain abnormalities is hypothesized to be related with accelerated brain aging. However, there is far from a unified conclusion because of clinical variations such as medication status, cumulative illness burden. To explore whether brain age is accelerated in never‐treated first‐episode patients with depression and its association with clinical characteristics, we constructed a prediction model where gray matter volumes measured by voxel‐based morphometry derived from T1‐weighted MRI scans were treated as features. The prediction model was first validated using healthy controls (HCs) in two Chinese Han datasets (Dataset 1, N = 130 for HCs and N = 195 for patients with depression; Dataset 2, N = 270 for HCs) separately or jointly, then the trained prediction model using HCs (N = 400) was applied to never‐treated first‐episode patients with depression (N = 195). The brain‐predicted age difference (brain‐PAD) scores defined as the difference between predicted brain age and chronological age, were calculated for all participants and compared between patients with age‐, gender‐, educational level‐matched HCs in Dataset 1. Overall, patients presented higher brain‐PAD scores suggesting patients with depression having an “older” brain than expected. More specially, this difference occurred at illness onset (illness duration <3 months) and following 2 years then disappeared as the illness further advanced (>2 years) in patients. This phenomenon was verified by another data‐driven method and significant correlation between brain‐PAD scores and illness duration in patients. Our results reveal that accelerated brain aging occurs at illness onset and suggest it is a stage‐dependent phenomenon in depression.
The impact of the Oakland SSB tax on prices and volume sold: A study of intended and unintended consequences
Authors: Léger Pierre Thomas , Powell Lisa M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe examine the effects of a sugar‐sweetened beverage (SSB) tax that took effect in Oakland, California in 2017. Using rich customized universal product code ‐level data, we estimate the effect of the SSB tax on prices and volume in the short to medium term in a difference‐in‐differences framework. We pay particular attention to tax‐avoidance strategies that may minimize the policy's intended effect including: (i) transfers to SSBs to the nontaxed border area (i.e., cross‐border shopping), (ii) a move from high‐priced per ounce single serve to their cheaper multipacks or larger format counterparts (i.e., format switching), and (iii) a move from high‐priced beverages to less expensive ones within a category and format (i.e., brand switching). We find that the year‐over‐year tax pass‐through is 49%. We find that volume sold of taxed beverages fell by 14%, but 46% of this decrease is offset with an increase in the border area. We also find evidence of substitution to lower‐priced taxed beverages but no evidence of switching to cheaper formats. Finally, we find important dynamic effects with respect to tax pass‐through, volume sold and cross‐border shopping.
Consequences of serious parental health events on child mental health and educational outcomes
Authors: Kristiansen Ida Lykke 
Published: May 2021

AbstractI show that serious, yet common, parental health events in childhood have immediate and lasting effects on mental health and educational outcomes for children. Following a parental health event, the children are more likely to receive therapy and consume anti‐depressant (AD) medication. More so, the children achieve lower test scores and have lower school enrollment rates. The effect immediately occurs following the event and persists at least into early adulthood. I find that the effect on test scores doesn't differ significantly across family income, but that children from low‐income families are more likely to be prescribed ADs following the event, while children from high‐income families are more likely to receive therapy. Exploiting differences in general practitioners' behavior in prescribing AD and referring children to therapy, I find suggestive evidence that children who are more exposed to medical treatment of mental health issues have lower educational attainments in early adulthood.
Treatment of Retinoblastoma 1–Intact Hepatocellular Carcinoma With Cyclin‐Dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibitor Combination Therapy
Authors: Sheng Jindan , Kohno Susumu , Okada Nobuhiro , Okahashi Nobuyuki , Teranishi Kana , Matsuda Fumio , Shimizu Hiroshi , Linn Paing , Nagatani Naoko , Yamamura Minako , Harada Kenichi , Horike Shin‐ichi , Inoue Hiroshi , Yano Seiji , Kumar Sharad , Kitajima Shunsuke , Ajioka Itsuki , Takahashi Chiaki 
Published: May 2021

Background and Aims
Synthetic cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors exert antitumor effects by forcing RB1 in unphosphorylated status, causing not only cell cycle arrest but also cellular senescence, apoptosis, and increased immunogenicity. These agents currently have an indication in advanced breast cancers and are in clinical trials for many other solid tumors. HCC is one of promising targets of CDK4/6 inhibitors. RB family dysfunction is often associated with the initiation of HCC; however, this is revivable, as RB family members are not frequently mutated or deleted in this malignancy.

Approach and Results
Loss of all Rb family members in transformation related protein 53 (Trp53)−/− mouse liver resulted in liver tumor reminiscent of human HCC, and re‐expression of RB1 sensitized these tumors to a CDK4/6 inhibitor, palbociclib. Introduction of an unphosphorylatable form of RB1 (RB7LP) into multiple liver tumor cell lines induced effects similar to palbociclib. By screening for compounds that enhance the efficacy of RB7LP, we identified an I kappa B kinase (IKK)β inhibitor Bay 11‐7082. Consistently, RB7LP expression and treatment with palbociclib enhanced IKKα/β phosphorylation and NF‐κB activation. Combination therapy using palbociclib with Bay 11‐7082 was significantly more effective in hepatoblastoma and HCC treatment than single administration. Moreover, blockade of IKK–NF‐κB or AKT pathway enhanced effects of palbociclib on RB1‐intact KRAS Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog mutated lung and colon cancers.

Conclusions
In conclusion, CDK4/6 inhibitors have a potential to treat a wide variety of RB1‐intact cancers including HCC when combined with an appropriate kinase inhibitor.