bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of Galactic and Extragalactic Millimeter-wavelength Transient Sources with SPT-3G
Authors: Guns S. , Foster A. , Daley C. , Rahlin A. , Whitehorn N. , Ade P. A. R. , Ahmed Z. , Anderes E. , Anderson A. J. , Archipley M. , Avva J. S. , Aylor K. , Balkenhol L. , Barry P. S. , Basu Thakur R. , Benabed K. , Bender A. N. , Benson B. A. , Bianchini F. , Bleem L. E. , Bouchet F. R. , Bryant L. , Byrum K. , Carlstrom J. E. , Carter F. W. , Cecil T. W. , Chang C. L. , Chaubal P. , Chen G. , Cho H.-M. , Chou T.-L. , Cliche J.-F. , Crawford T. M. , Cukierman A. , de Haan T. , Denison E. V. , Dibert K. , Ding J. , Dobbs M. A. , Dutcher D. , Everett W. , Feng C. , Ferguson K. R. , Fu J. , Galli S. , Gambrel A. E. , Gardner R. W. , Goeckner-Wald N. , Gualtieri R. , Gupta N. , Guyser R. , Halverson N. W. , Harke-Hosemann A. H. , Harrington N. L. , Henning J. W. , Hilton G. C. , Hivon E. , Holder G. P. , Holzapfel W. L. , Hood J. C. , Howe D. , Huang N. , Irwin K. D. , Jeong O. B. , Jonas M. , Jones A. , Khaire T. S. , Knox L. , Kofman A. M. , Korman M. , Kubik D. L. , Kuhlmann S. , Kuo C.-L. , Lee A. T. , Leitch E. M. , Lowitz A. E. , Lu C. , Marrone D. P. , Meyer S. S. , Michalik D. , Millea M. , Montgomery J. , Nadolski A. , Natoli T. , Nguyen H. , Noble G. I. , Novosad V. , Omori Y. , Padin S. , Pan Z. , Paschos P. , Pearson J. , Phadke K. A. , Posada C. M. , Prabhu K. , Quan W. , Reichardt C. L. , Riebel D. , Riedel B. , Rouble M. , Ruhl J. E. , Sayre J. T. , Schiappucci E. , Shirokoff E. , Smecher G. , Sobrin J. A. , Stark A. A. , Stephen J. , Story K. T. , Suzuki A. , Thompson K. L. , Thorne B. , Tucker C. , Umilta C. , Vale L. R. , Vieira J. D. , Wang G. , Wu W. L. K. , Yefremenko V. , Yoon K. W. , Young M. R. , Zhang L. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
High angular resolution cosmic microwave background experiments provide a unique opportunity to conduct a survey of time-variable sources at millimeter wavelengths, a population that has primarily been understood through follow-up measurements of detections in other bands. Here we report the first results of an astronomical transient survey with the South Pole Telescope (SPT) using the SPT-3G camera to observe 1500 deg2 of the southern sky. The observations took place from 2020 March to November in three bands centered at 95, 150, and 220 GHz. This survey yielded the detection of 15 transient events from sources not previously detected by the SPT. The majority are associated with variable stars of different types, expanding the number of such detected flares by more than a factor of two. The stellar flares are unpolarized and bright, in some cases exceeding 1 Jy, and have durations from a few minutes to several hours. Another population of detected events last for 2–3 weeks and appear to be extragalactic in origin. Though data availability at other wavelengths is limited, we find evidence for concurrent optical activity for two of the stellar flares. Future data from SPT-3G and forthcoming instruments will provide real-time detection of millimeter-wave transients on timescales of minutes to months.
First Simultaneous In Situ Measurements of a Coronal Mass Ejection by Parker Solar Probe and STEREO-A
Authors: Winslow Reka M. , Lugaz Noé , Scolini Camilla , Galvin Antoinette B. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We present the first Parker Solar Probe mission (PSP)-observed coronal mass ejection (CME) that hits a second spacecraft before the end of the PSP encounter, providing an excellent opportunity to study short-term CME evolution. The CME was launched from the Sun on 2019 October 10 and was measured in situ at PSP on 2019 October 13 and at STEREO-A on 2019 October 14. The small, but not insignificant, radial (∼0.15 au) and longitudinal (∼8°) separation between PSP and STEREO-A at this time allows for both observations of short-term radial evolution as well as investigation of the global CME structure in longitude. Although initially a slow CME, magnetic field and plasma observations indicate that the CME drove a shock at STEREO-A and also exhibited an increasing speed profile through the CME (i.e., evidence for compression). We find that the presence of the shock and other compression signatures at 1 au are due to the CME having been overtaken and accelerated by a high speed solar wind stream (HSS). We estimate the minimum interaction time between the CME and the HSS to be ∼2.5 days, indicating the interaction started well before the CME arrival at PSP and STEREO-A. Despite alterations of the CME by the HSS, we find that the CME magnetic field structure is similar between the vantage points, with overall the same flux rope classification and the same field distortions present. These observations are consistent with the fact that coherence in the magnetic structure is needed for steady and continued acceleration of the CME.
Spatial Variations of Magnetic Field along Active Galactic Nuclei Jets on Sub-parsec to Megaparsec Scales
Authors: Ito S. , Inoue Y. , Kataoka J. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We report the systematic analysis of knots, hotspots, and lobes in 57 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) to investigate the variation of the magnetic field along the jet from the sub-parsec base to the terminus on kiloparsec-to-megaparsec scales. Expanding the number of radio/X-ray samples in the work of Kataoka & Stawarz, we analyzed the data in 12 FR i and 30 FR ii radio galaxies, 12 quasars, and three BL Lac objects, which contained 76 knots, 42 hotspots, and 29 radio lobes. We first derived the equipartition magnetic fields in the cores and then estimated those in various jet components by assuming B
est ∝ d
−1, where d is the distance from the jet base. On the other hand, the magnetic field in large-scale jets (knots, hotspots, and lobes), B
eq, can be estimated from the observed flux and spatial extent under the equipartition hypothesis. We show that the magnetic field decreases as the distance along the jet increases, but generally in a more gentle way than ∝d
−1. The increase in B
eq/B
est at large d may suggest the deceleration of the jet downstream, but there is no difference between FR i and FR ii jets. Moreover, the magnetic fields in the hotspots are systematically larger than those in knots and lobes. Finally, we applied the same analysis to knots and lobes in Centaurus A to check whether the above discussion will hold even in a single jet source.
“David vs. Goliath”: A simple antigen detection test with potential to change diagnostic strategy for SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Agarwal Jyotsna , Das Anupam , Pandey Pranshu , Sen Manodeep , Garg Jaya 
Published: August 2021

Introduction: As regard to all pandemics, the current COVID-19 pandemic, could also have been better managed with prudent use of preventive measures coupled with rapid diagnostic tools such as rapid antigen tests, but their efficacy is under question because of projected lower sensitivity as compared to Real Time Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, which although considered gold standard has its own limitations.
Methodology: A prospective, single centre study was carried out to evaluate the performance of Standard Q COVID-19 Ag, a rapid immuno-chromatographic assay for antigen detection, against TrueNat, a chip-based, point-of-care, portable, Real-Time PCR analyzer for diagnosis of COVID-19; on 467 nasal swab samples from suspected subjects at a fever clinic in North India in month of July 2020.
Results: Of the 467 specimens tested, TrueNat showed positive result in 29 (6.2%), majority of whom were asymptomatic (72.4%) while 4/29 (13.9%) had influenza like illness and 2/29 (6.8%) presented with severe acute respiratory illness. Compared to TrueNat, Rapid antigen test gave concordance for 26 samples, while for 2 samples the result was false positive; giving an overall sensitivity of 89.7% (95% CI = 72.6- 97.8) and a specificity of 99.5%, indicating strong agreement between two methods.
Conclusion: Community prevalence plays an important role is choosing the laboratory test and result interpretation. Rapid antigen detection tests definitely have a big role to play, especially in resource limited setting, for early diagnosis as well as for source control to halt the spread.
Inhibitory effects of propolis and essential oils on oral bacteria
Authors: Tambur Zoran , Miljković-Selimović Biljana , Opačić Dolores , Vuković Branislava , Malešević Adam , Ivančajić Luka , Aleksić Ema 
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Propolis is a natural composite balsam. In the past decade, propolis has been extensively investigated as an adjuvant for the treatment of periodontitis. This study aimed to investigate antimicrobial activities of propolis solutions and plant essential oils against some oral cariogenic (Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus sanguis, Lactobacillus acidophilus) and periodontopathic bacteria (Actinomyces odontolyticus, Eikenella corrodens, Fusobacterium nucleatum).
Methodology: Determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC): The antimicrobial activity of propolis and essential oils was investigated by the agar dilution method. Serial dilutions of essential oils were prepared in plates, and the assay plates were estimated to contain 100, 50, 25 and 12.5 µg/mL of active essential oils. Dilutions for propolis were 50, 25, 12.5 and 6.3 µg/mL of active propolis solutions.
Results: Propolis solutions dissolved in benzene, diethyl ether and methyl chloride, demonstrated equal effectiveness against all investigated oral bacteria (MIC=12.5 µg/mL). Propolis solution dissolved in acetone displayed MIC of 6.3 µg/mL only for Lactobacillus acidophilus. At the MIC of 12.5 µg/mL, essential oils of Salvia officinalis and Satureja kitaibelii were effective against Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis, respectively. For the latter, the MIC value of Salvia officinalis was twice higher.
Conclusions: The results indicate that propolis and plant essential oils appear to be a promising source of antimicrobial agents that may prevent dental caries and other oral infectious diseases.
« Je ne suis pas assez habile homme ». Philippe d’Orléans, frère de Louis XIV, et Nicolas Feuillet, chanoine de Saint-Cloud
Authors: Lurgo Elisabetta 
Published: August 2021

Cet article propose quelques réflexions sur la religion de Philippe de France, duc d’Orléans, frère de Louis XIV, afin de mettre en valeur le rôle des possibilités offertes par la socialité de Cour à la religiosité d’un cadet de France, au-delà de son instruction formelle. L’attention est dirigée notamment sur les liens entre Monsieur et Nicolas Feuillet, chanoine de Saint-Cloud, considéré par ses contemporains comme un fervent janséniste.
Le rôle de la mobilité internationale dans les parcours académiques et professionnels des étudiants chinois en France
Authors: Bao Tana 
Published: August 2021

Jusqu’au début du xxi e siècle, très peu d’étudiants chinois venaient faire des études supérieures en France. Ils constituent aujourd’hui la plus importante communauté étudiante étrangère issue d’un pays non francophone (ils sont 27 315 en 2019-2020, Rosenwald, 2020). Cette arrivée résulte d’un choix stratégique lié à un contexte national particulier, où le résultat du baccalauréat détermine la réussite d’un étudiant. Les établissements d’enseignement supérieur français sont accessibles aux étudiants issus de classes moyennes, voire populaires, à la différence des établissements des pays anglophones par exemple. Aujourd’hui, la mobilité des étudiants chinois n’est plus seulement une mobilité d’élite comme il y a trente ans. L’obtention d’un diplôme étranger renommé offre une nouvelle chance de promotion. Le flux migratoire se caractérise de plus en plus par des différenciations selon le milieu d’origine, le parcours antérieur, les motivations et les projets professionnels. La mobilité vers la France s’organise autour d’un modèle triptyque entre « seconde chance », capacité financière et attrait et place de la langue française dans le monde. Ainsi, ceux qui ne sont pas satisfaits de leur parcours en Chine se replient temporairement vers l’enseignement supérieur français pour être ensuite mieux armés pour affronter la concurrence sur le marché chinois des jeunes diplômés. Car, si les Chinois savent particulièrement bien hiérarchiser la valeur de leurs propres diplômes où s’illustrent de fortes inégalités entre les régions, la question est plus ouverte quant aux diplômes des pays étrangers. Par ailleurs, l’investissement que constitue le séjour en France est davantage rentabilisé lorsque les débouchés professionnels sont liés à l’usage de la langue française. La recherche d’un emploi est devenue plus difficile du fait de la concurrence provoquée par le retour au pays de nombreux étudiants chinois. Le « retour sur investissement » parait de moins en moins valable pour les jeunes générations.
Les étudiants sénégalais en France et le travail salarié : le « petit boulot » comme clé de lecture d’une migration en crise ?
Authors: Ndiaye Papa Oumar 
Published: August 2021

La place que le travail salarié a prise au cours de l’histoire de la migration étudiante ouest-africaine en France nous semble encore largement méconnue. Or elle peut fournir des clés de lecture nouvelles et originales de la figure de l’étudiant ouest-africain en France. Au Sénégal par exemple, la crise économique des années 1970, en entrainant une réduction du nombre de bourses octroyées par l’État aux étudiants à l’étranger, s’est traduite avec le temps, chez beaucoup d’étudiants sans aides ni bourses de l’État, par un recours de plus en plus nécessaire à un « petit boulot » pour vivre en France. Se faisant, s’intéresser à la place du « petit boulot » dans les parcours de ces étudiants permet de dégager deux analyses nouvelles sur les réalités de ces étudiants africains en France. Premièrement, montrer comment le « petit boulot étudiant » est devenu progressivement un marqueur de prolétarisation et dégradation continuelle de leur condition de séjour en France. Ensuite, comment finalement, il devient l’un des marqueurs principaux de différenciation sociale entre étudiants sénégalais en France. Ce travail se base sur l’analyse des résultats de notre enquête de master et de thèse en sociologie entre 2013 et 2020 qui porte sur les parcours migratoires des étudiants sénégalais en France.
The Influence of Ethnic Media Online on Vietnamese American Immigrant Voting Patterns
Authors: Nguyen Judy , Solomon Robin 
Published: August 2021

Several studies have found that Vietnamese Americans display Republican voting patterns in U.S. elections compared to Democratic voting patterns found in other Asian American ethnic groups. The literature in the field speculates that these voting patterns can be explained by cultural beliefs attained from the Vietnam War and disdain for communism and China. Other research has explored the prevalence of ethnic media usage in the Vietnamese American community. This study aims to explore the role of ethnic media usage on Vietnamese American immigrant voting patterns. To investigate this phenomenon, semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with six Vietnamese American immigrants ranging from the ages of 30 to 54. The collected data was analyzed by coding for themes (thematic analysis). Analysis of the interview responses demonstrated that ethnic media usage has a significant impact on voting patterns and political beliefs. The findings of this research indicate that Vietnamese Americans sought out ethnic media that would specifically cater to their pre-existing beliefs, solidifying their political views, and ultimately leading them to vote a certain way. With this understanding, future election campaigns should focus their efforts online through ethnic media outlets to better interact with the Vietnamese community. Further research is needed to explore this phenomenon in other ethnic groups and to ascertain the importance of ethnic media to immigrant populations.
Perceptions of the HPV Vaccine in Indian Immigrant Mothers
Authors: Chitturi Ramya , Flowers Rossner Kate 
Published: August 2021

Each year, over 14 millions Americans are infected with human papillomavirus, or HPV. Yet, the 2020 US goal is to vaccinate 80% of all adolescents for HPV is over 25% higher than the actual vaccination rate of teens, which was 54.2% in 2019. In California specifically, Asians were found to have the lowest HPV vaccination rates compared to other ethnic groups. When looking at the major Asian subgroups, the Indian American population has grown by 76% between 2000 and 2010 in Santa Clara County. Yet, no previous studies have been conducted about the Indian immigrant population. Thus, this paper explores the following research question: How do Indian immigrant mothers in Santa Clara County, California perceive vaccinating their daughters for HPV?
A phenomenological study using one-on-one virtual interviews was conducted using two question frameworks to structure the interview questions: the Socio-Context framework and Andersen's Behavioral Model of Health Services. Indian immigrant mothers’ were found to significantly prioritize their daughter’s safety. Another notable theme was that there was a strong trust in the overall science of vaccines to keep the daughters safe. Although many mothers believed that the HPV vaccine was a decision solely between the parents and the doctor, some mothers believed that their community would be influenced fairly strongly by the actions of their family and friends regarding vaccinating their children for HPV. Overall, this study examined the HPV vaccine perception in an understudied population, Indian immigrant mothers in California.
Aptian–Albian clumped isotopes from northwest China: cool temperatures, variable atmospheric pCO2 and regional shifts in the hydrologic cycle
Authors: Harper Dustin T. , Suarez Marina B. , Uglesich Jessica , You Hailu , Li Daqing , Dodson Peter 
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The Early Cretaceous is characterized by warm background
temperatures (i.e., greenhouse climate) and carbon cycle perturbations that
are often marked by ocean anoxic events (OAEs) and associated shifts in the
hydrologic cycle. Higher-resolution records of terrestrial and marine
δ13C and δ18O (both carbonates and organics)
suggest climate shifts during the Aptian–Albian, including a warm period
associated with OAE 1a in the early Aptian and a subsequent “cold snap” near the Aptian–Albian boundary prior to the Kilian and OAE 1b. Understanding the
continental system is an important factor in determining the triggers and
feedbacks to these events. Here, we present new paleosol carbonate stable
isotopic (δ13C, δ18O and Δ47) and
CALMAG weathering parameter results from the Xiagou and Zhonggou formations
(part of the Xinminpu Group in the Yujingzi Basin of NW China) spanning the
Aptian–Albian. Published mean annual air temperature (MAAT) records of the
Barremian–Albian from Asia are relatively cool with respect to the Early
Cretaceous. However, these records are largely based on coupled δ18O measurements of dinosaur apatite phosphate (δ18Op) and carbonate (δ18Ocarb) and therefore
rely on estimates of meteoric water δ18O (δ18Omw) from δ18Op. Significant shifts in the
hydrologic cycle likely influenced δ18Omw in the region,
complicating these MAAT estimates. Thus, temperature records independent of
δ18Omw (e.g., clumped isotopes or Δ47) are
desirable and required to confirm temperatures estimated with δ18Op and δ18Oc and to reliably determine regional shifts in δ18Omw. Primary carbonate material was
identified using traditional petrography, cathodoluminescence inspection, and δ13C and δ18O subsampling. Our preliminary
Δ47-based temperature reconstructions (record mean of
14.9 ∘C), which we interpret as likely being representative of
MAAT, match prior estimates from similar paleolatitudes of Asian MAAT
(average ∼ 15 ∘C) across the Aptian–Albian.
This, supported by our estimated mean atmospheric paleo-pCO2
concentration of 396 ppmv, indicates relatively cooler midlatitude
terrestrial climate. Additionally, our coupled δ18O and Δ47 records suggest shifts in the regional hydrologic cycle (i.e.,
ΔMAP, mean annual precipitation, and Δδ18Omw) that may track
Aptian–Albian climate perturbations (i.e., a drying of Asian continental
climate associated with the cool interval).
Last-glacial-cycle glacier erosion potential in the Alps
Authors: Seguinot Julien , Delaney Ian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The glacial landscape of the Alps has fascinated generations of explorers,
artists, mountaineers, and scientists with its diversity, including erosional features of all scales from high-mountain cirques to steep
glacial valleys and large overdeepened basins. Using previous glacier
modelling results and empirical inferences of bedrock erosion under modern
glaciers, we compute a distribution of potential glacier erosion in the
Alps over the last glacial cycle from 120 000 years ago to the present.
Despite large uncertainties pertaining to the climate history of the Alps
and unconstrained glacier erosion processes, the resulting modelled
patterns of glacier erosion include persistent features. The cumulative
imprint of the last glacial cycle shows a very strong localization of
erosion potential with local maxima at the mouths of major Alpine valleys
and some other upstream sections where glaciers are modelled to have flowed
with the highest velocity. The potential erosion rates vary significantly
through the glacial cycle but show paradoxically little relation to the
total glacier volume. Phases of glacier advance and maximum extension see a
localization of rapid potential erosion rates at low elevation, while
glacier erosion at higher elevation is modelled to date from phases of less
extensive glaciation. The modelled erosion rates peak during deglaciation
phases, when frontal retreat results in steeper glacier surface slopes,
implying that climatic conditions that result in rapid glacier erosion
might be quite transient and specific. Our results depict the Alpine glacier erosion landscape as a time-transgressive patchwork, with different parts of the range corresponding to different glaciation stages and time periods.
Mass balance and hydrological modeling of the Hardangerjøkulen ice cap in south-central Norway
Authors: Eidhammer Trude , Booth Adam , Decker Sven , Li Lu , Barlage Michael , Gochis David , Rasmussen Roy , Melvold Kjetil , Nesje Atle , Sobolowski Stefan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract. A detailed, physically based, one dimensional column snowpack model (Crocus) has been incorporated into the hydrological model, Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)-Hydro, to allow for direct surface mass balance simulation of glaciers and subsequent modeling of meltwater discharge from glaciers. The new system (WRF-Hydro/Glacier) is only activated over a priori designated glacier areas. This glacier area is initialized with observed glacier thickness and assumed to be pure ice (with corresponding ice density). This allows for melting of the glacier to continue after all accumulated snow has melted. Furthermore, the simulation of surface albedo over the glacier is more realistic, as surface albedo is represented by snow, where there is accumulated snow, and glacier ice, when all accumulated snow is melted. To evaluate the WRF-Hydro/Glacier system over a glacier in southern Norway, WRF atmospheric model simulations were downscaled to 1 km grid spacing. This provided meteorological forcing data to the WRF-Hydro/Glacier system at 100 m grid spacing for surface and streamflow simulation. Evaluation of the WRF downscaling showed a good comparison with in situ meteorological observations for most of the simulation period. The WRF-Hydro/Glacier system reproduced the glacier surface winter/summer and net mass balance, snow depth, surface albedo and glacier runoff well compared to observations. The improved estimation of albedo has an appreciable impact on the discharge from the glacier during frequent precipitation periods. We have shown that the integrated snowpack system allows for improved glacier surface mass balance studies and hydrological studies.