bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward a geography of community health workers in Niger: a geospatial analysis
Authors: Oliphant Nicholas P , Ray Nicolas , Bensaid Khaled , Ouedraogo Adama , Gali Asma Yaroh , Habi Oumarou , Maazou Ibrahim , Panciera Rocco , Muñiz Maria , Manda Samuel OM , Sy Zeynabou , Jackson Debra , Doherty Tanya 
Published: February 2021

Background
Little is known about the geography of community health workers (CHWs), their contribution to geographical accessibility of primary health care (PHC) services, and strategies for optimizing efficiency of CHW deployment in the context of universal health coverage (UHC).
Methods
Using a complete georeferenced census of front-line health facilities and CHWs in Niger and other high resolution spatial datasets, we modelled travel times to front-line health facilities and CHWs between 2000-2013, accounting for training, essential commodities, and maximum population capacity. We estimated additional CHWs needed to maximize geographical accessibility of the population beyond the reach of existing front-line health facilities and CHWs. We assessed the efficiency of geographical targeting of the existing CHW network compared to modelled CHW networks designed to optimize geographical targeting of the estimated population, under-five deaths, and	plasmodium falciparum malaria cases.
Results
The percent of the population within 60 minutes walking to the nearest CHW increased from 0·0% to 17·5% between 2000-2013, with 15·5% within 60 minutes walking to the nearest CHW trained on integrated community case management (iCCM) — making PHC services and iCCM, specifically, geographically accessible for an estimated 2·3 million and 2·0 million additional people, respectively. An estimated 10·4 million people (59·0%) remained beyond a 60-minute catchment of front-line health facilities and CHWs. Optimal deployment of 8064 additional CHWs could increase geographic coverage of the estimated total population from 41·5% to 73·6%. Geographical targeting of the existing CHW network was inefficient but optimized CHW networks could improve efficiency by 55·0%-81·9%, depending on targeting metric.
Interpretations
We provide the first high-resolution maps and estimates of geographical accessibility to CHWs at national scale, highlighting improvements between 2000-2013 in Niger, geographies where gaps remained, approaches for improving targeting, and the importance of putting CHWs on the map to inform planning in the context of UHC.
Microbial Sharing between Pediatric Patients and Therapy Animals during Hospital Animal-Assisted Intervention Programs
Authors: Dalton Kathryn R. , Ruble Kathy , Redding Laurel E. , Morris Daniel O. , Mueller Noel T. , Thorpe Roland J. , Agnew Jacqueline , Carroll Karen C. , Planet Paul J. , Rubenstein Ronald C. , Chen Allen R. , Grice Elizabeth A. , Davis Meghan F. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundMicrobial sharing between humans and animals has been demonstrated in a variety of settings. However, the extent of microbial sharing that occurs within the healthcare setting during animal-assisted intervention programs, a validated and valuable part of holistic patient wellness, is unknown. Understanding microbial transmission between patients and therapy animals can provide important insights into potential health benefits for patients, in addition to addressing concerns regarding potential pathogen transmission that limits program utilization. This study evaluated the potential for microbial sharing between pediatric patients and therapy dogs, and tested whether patient-dog contact level and a dog decolonization protocol modified this sharing.Methods and ResultsPatients, therapy animals, and the hospital environment were sampled before and after every group therapy session and samples underwent 16S rRNA sequencing to characterize microbial communities. Both patients and animals experienced changes in the relative abundance and overall diversity of their nasal microbiome, suggesting that exchange of microorganisms had occurred. Increased contact was associated with greater sharing between patients and therapy animals, as well as between patients. A topical chlorhexidine-based dog decolonization intervention was associated with decreased microbial sharing between therapy dogs and patients, particularly from the removal of rarer microbiota from the dog, but did not significantly affect sharing between patients.ConclusionThese data suggest that the therapy animal is both a potential source of and a vehicle for the transfer of microorganisms to patients but not necessarily the only source. The relative contribution of other potential sources (e.g., other patients, the hospital environment) should be further explored to determine their relative importance.
A local radial basis function differential quadrature semi-discretisation technique for the simulation of time-dependent reaction-diffusion problems
Authors: Jiwari Ram , Gerisch Alf 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to develop a meshfree algorithm based on local radial basis functions (RBFs) combined with the differential quadrature (DQ) method to provide numerical approximations of the solutions of time-dependent, nonlinear and spatially one-dimensional reaction-diffusion systems and to capture their evolving patterns. The combination of local RBFs and the DQ method is applied to discretize the system in space; implicit multistep methods are subsequently used to discretize in time.

Design/methodology/approach
In a method of lines setting, a meshless method for their discretization in space is proposed. This discretization is based on a DQ approach, and RBFs are used as test functions. A local approach is followed where only selected RBFs feature in the computation of a particular DQ weight.

Findings
The proposed method is applied on four reaction-diffusion models: Huxley’s equation, a linear reaction-diffusion system, the Gray–Scott model and the two-dimensional Brusselator model. The method captured the various patterns of the models similar to available in literature. The method shows second order of convergence in space variables and works reliably and efficiently for the problems.

Originality/value
The originality lies in the following facts: A meshless method is proposed for reaction-diffusion models based on local RBFs; the proposed scheme is able to capture patterns of the models for big time T; the scheme has second order of convergence in both time and space variables and Nuemann boundary conditions are easy to implement in this scheme.
Barriers in adoption of additive manufacturing in medical sector supply chain
Authors: Choudhary Neha , Kumar Anish , Sharma Varun , Kumar Pradeep 
Published: February 2021

PurposeAdditive manufacturing (AM) is expected to significantly transform the operations in manufacturing sector. It is also proposed to have optimistic applications in the medical supply chains (SC). However, its adoption in medical sector is faced with a range of barriers. Motivated by the need to establish an AM-based medical SC in a developing economy, the present paper analyses the potential barriers that would hinder the adoption of AM in medical SC.Design/methodology/approachBased on an extensive literature review and expert discussions, 12 significant barriers have been identified, which are analysed using an integrated interpretive structural modelling–analytical network process (ISM–ANP) methodology. An interrelationship between these barriers using ISM has been analysed to determine the driving-dependence power of these barriers using MICMAC (Matrice d' Impacts Croises-Multiplication Applique' e a' Classement) analysis. The barriers are then ranked using the ANP approach.FindingsIt has been focussed that the non-availability of a variety of materials, lack of education and training to designers and workers and production technology limitation are the most critical barriers. The results suggest that the managers should give greater significance to the technological and organizational barriers.Originality/valueAn approach to overcome these barriers can help the managers and organizations to develop successful AM-based SCs. The study is the first to identify and analyse the barriers for successful adoption of AM in medical SC context.
A case of Muir‐Torre syndrome with a keratoacanthoma and sebaceous neoplasms: Clinicopathological features and a speculation on the pathogenesis of cutaneous tumor type
Authors: Takayama Eriko , Yoshioka Akiko , Takai Toshihiro , Goto Keisuke 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMuir‐Torre syndrome is a hereditary condition characterized by occurrence of sebaceous neoplasms or keratoacanthomas and visceral tumors. The most common mechanism for this syndrome is a constitutional defect in the mismatch repair genes. We report the case of a 67‐year‐old woman with a mutator L homologue 1 (MLH1) mutation. She had a history of endometrial and colorectal cancers. The patient presented with a typical keratoacanthoma on the right cheek and numerous sebaceous neoplasms on the face and trunk. Seven sebaceous adenomas and a low‐grade sebaceous carcinoma were excised. Most sebaceous adenomas showed dermoscopic features such as some yellow comedo‐like globules and curved vessels in creamy‐white areas. Moreover, they revealed pathological features such as keratoacanthoma‐like architecture and peritumoral or intratumoral lymphocytes. One of these sebaceous adenomas indicated histopathologically spontaneous regression and another was continuous with the hair follicle. Immunohistochemical staining for mismatch repair proteins revealed loss of expression for MLH1 and postmeiotic segregation increased 2 (PMS2) proteins in tumor cells nuclei in both keratoacanthoma and sebaceous adenoma. Nuclei in overhanging epithelial lips of the keratoacanthoma were also negative. These findings suggest that the type of Muir‐Torre syndrome‐related cutaneous tumor may have been affected by mismatch repair protein deficient sites in the pilosebaceous unit.
Prospective study of ALDH1A1 gene polymorphisms associated with antituberculosis drug‐induced liver injury in western Chinese Han population
Authors: Peng Wu , Zhao Zhen‐zhen , Jiao Lin , Wu Tao , Chen Hao , Zhang Chun‐ying , Song Jia‐jia , Liu Tang‐yu‐heng , Wu Li‐juan , Wang Min‐jin , Chen Jie , Zhou Yi , Ying Bin‐wu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAntituberculosis drug‐induced liver injury (ATDILI) has received increasing attention globally, which may limit the effectiveness of antituberculosis (anti‐TB) treatment. Many host genetic determinants of ATDILI have been identified recently. As little knowledge is currently available about the association between aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1 (ALDH1A1) polymorphisms and ATDILI, the association between their variants and the susceptibility to ATDILI was investigated. A total of 747 patients with TB treated by first‐line anti‐TB drugs were prospectively enrolled at West China Hospital. Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood sample of each patient and seven single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ALDH1A1 gene were screened and genotyped with a custom‐designed 2×48‐plex SNP Scan TM kit. The patients were followed up monthly to monitor the development of ATDILI. The C allele and the CA genotype of rs7852860 were significantly associated with an elevated risk for ATDILI (p = .006 and 0.005, respectively), which was consistent with the results in the dominant and additive models. No allele, genotype, or genetic model of the other six SNPs (rs3764435, rs348471, rs63319, rs610529, rs7027604, rs8187876) were found to be associated with susceptibility to ATDILI. The findings first demonstrate that rs7852860 variants in ALDH1A1 gene is associated with susceptibility to ATDILI in the Chinese Han population. Validation studies with larger sample sizes and other ethnic groups are needed to confirm the findings.
Why do eggs fail? Causes of hatching failure in threatened populations and consequences for conservation
Authors: Assersohn K. , Marshall A. F. , Morland F. , Brekke P. , Hemmings N. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractReproductive failure is ubiquitous. However, research on the mechanisms underpinning reproductive failure is still lacking in most species. This gap in our understanding has particularly strong repercussions for threatened species and it hinders our ability to establish effective interventions to improve survival. In this review, we focus on why eggs fail to hatch – one of the most critical and understudied aspects of bird reproduction. We identify the main drivers of hatching failure in threatened populations of birds and the key mechanisms that cause failure at different stages of development inside the egg. We then discuss the importance of management interventions aimed at reducing hatching failure in species of conservation concern. Our review highlights the need for a better understanding of the mechanistic basis of hatching failure in non‐model bird species and identifies the methodological tools necessary to achieve this.
Potentially inappropriate medicines for older adults with intellectual disability: Clinical implications from a medication audit
Authors: Lim Anecita Gigi , Garriock Judy , Moody Ingrid , Frischtak Helena , Montayre Jed , Arroll Bruce 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate medications that have the potential to be inappropriately prescribed for people with intellectual disability (ID) and to explore possible issues surrounding the potential harm that can result from the use of groups of medicines for people with ID who are ageing and living longer.MethodsAn audit of medical case records of 350 patients under the care of an organisation in New Zealand was undertaken to examine existing medication profiles.ResultsOf the 350 patients, 95% were prescribed at least five or more medicines, with 7% of patients have 10 or more medicines. Increasing prescriptions are evident for those 56 years old and above.ConclusionMedicines that may have been appropriate for people with intellectual disability when they were younger may have the potential to cause harm when they age. It is therefore important that monitoring and evaluation of medications for ageing individuals with intellectual disability are regularly undertaken.
Conventional ICSI vs. physiological selection of spermatozoa for ICSI (picsi) in sibling oocytes
Authors: Novoselsky Persky Michal , Hershko‐Klement Anat , Solnica Amy , Bdolah Yuval , Hurwitz Arye , Ketzin El Gilad Mali , Nefesh Iris , Esh‐Broder Efrat 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundPhysiological selection of spermatozoa for ICSI (PICSI) is a sperm selection method based on sperm binding to hyaluronic acid. Previous studies on the effect of hyaluronic acid binding assays on fertilization and embryo quality have shown inconsistent results. Previous sibling oocyte studies have not found a significant improvement in fertilization or embryo development with hyaluronic acid binding assays.ObjectiveTo compare fertilization and embryo development between standard intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and PICSI in sibling oocytes.Materials and MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of all in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles between January 2017 and April 2020 in which sibling oocytes were randomly fertilized by both ICSI and PICSI. Fertilization rate and the rate of embryos eligible for transfer were compared.ResultsForty‐five IVF cycles, in which 257 oocytes were fertilized with PICSI and 294 with standard ICSI, were compared. Most of the patients included in the study had previous failures of fertilization, poor embryonic development, implantation failure, or miscarriage. All but two of the patients had at least one previous unsuccessful IVF cycle. Both fertilization rates (71% vs. 83%) and transfer eligible embryo rates (38% vs. 51%) were significantly higher in PICSI fertilized oocytes (p = 0.008 and p = 0.01 respectively).DiscussionOur study is the largest sibling oocyte study comparing ICSI and PICSI, and the first to find a significant improvement in fertilization and embryo quality with PICSI using sibling oocytes. The fact our cohort included almost exclusively couples with previous unsuccessful IVF cycles might suggest that PICSI should be used in selected cases.ConclusionPICSI improves fertilization rates and transfer eligible embryo rates in sibling oocytes in a selected study group.
Entrenchment or efficiency? CEO‐to‐employee pay ratio and the cost of debt
Authors: Bardos Katsiaryna , Kozlowski Steven E. , Puleo Michael R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUsing new data on S&P 1500 firms’ chief executive officer (CEO)‐to‐employee pay ratios disclosed by mandate of Section 953(b) of the Dodd–Frank Act, we examine the effect of within‐firm pay inequality on bond yield spreads. We find a significant negative relation between industry‐adjusted CEO‐to‐employee pay ratio and yield spreads while controlling for covariates and endogeneity. This result is strongest in financially constrained, labor‐intensive, and small‐to‐medium‐sized firms. The evidence supports the incentive‐provision explanation of CEO‐to‐employee pay disparity, reflecting efficient CEO compensation rather than rent extraction. We also document selection bias in self‐reported pay ratios, highlighting the efficacy of the Dodd–Frank provisions.
‘Caries disease among an elderly population—A 10‐year longitudinal study’
Authors: Edman Kristina , Holmlund Anders , Norderyd Ola 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence of dental caries and to identify risk factors for dental caries in an elderly population between 2008 and 2018.MethodsThis longitudinal study used data from a questionnaire survey and a clinical examination administered on two occasions 10 years apart to 273 individuals who were 65 and 75 years of age in 2008. The variables included were prevalence of dental caries as well as socioeconomic and socio‐behavioural factors.ResultsThe number of teeth decreased in both age groups by a mean of 2 over the 10‐year study period, but the prevalence of dental caries remained stable. Approximately, a quarter of the participants had caries lesions. Toothbrushing once a day or less was the factor most strongly correlated with dental caries lesions (OR: 3.82, 95% CI: 1.68–8.66, p = 0.001), followed by need for homecare (OR: 3.50, 95% CI: 1.55–7.93, p = 0.003) and interproximal cleaning less than once a day (OR: 2.65, 95% CI: 1.36–5.19, p = 0.004).ConclusionsThis longitudinal study revealed no increase in the prevalence of dental caries lesions, indicating that good oral health can be preserved among elderly people. The highest risk for dental caries lesions was among participants with inadequate oral hygiene routines (toothbrushing once a day or less and seldom using interproximal devices) and in need of help in daily living, emphasizing the importance of oral hygiene and collaboration between dental services and community‐based health care.
Application of the hospital‐family holistic care model in caregivers of patients with permanent enterostomy: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Xi , Lin Jin Ling , Gao Rui , Chen Ning , Huang Gui Fang , Wang Long , Gao Hong , Zhuo Hui Zhen , Chen Li Qi , Chen Xiao Huan , Li Hong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the effectiveness of the hospital‐family holistic care model based on the theory of ‘Timing It Right’ in caregivers of patients with permanent enterostomy.DesignA prospective randomized controlled trial.MethodsOne hundred and twenty‐five caregivers of patients with permanent enterostomy were recruited from 1 May 2017–31 August 2019. They were randomized into either intervention group (N = 62) or control group (N = 63). The control group received routine care and follow‐up, while the intervention group received routine care, follow‐up, and hospital‐family holistic care intervention based on ‘Timing It Right’. The care ability, psychological distress, and life quality of the caregivers were evaluated between the groups before the intervention, at discharge, and 3 and 6 months after discharge.ResultsOne hundred and eleven caregivers completed the study (88.8%). At 3 and 6 months after discharge, the care ability and life quality in the intervention group were significantly better than those in the control group (t = 8.506/9.783, t = 22.652/26.179, p < 0.05) based on the t tests, and the psychological distress was lower than that in the control group. The ostomy adaptability of the control group was significantly lower than that in the intervention group (p < 0.001) based on the t tests, and the χ2 test showed that ostomy complication was more than that in the intervention group (23.81% vs. 12.90% and 34.92% vs. 19.35%; p < 0.05) at 3 and 6 months after discharge. The interaction between time and group showed that the effect of time factor varied with the group and the four evaluation indexes in the intervention group gradually improved with the extension of the observation time and were better than those in the control group based on generalized estimating equation model.ConclusionThe hospital‐family holistic care model based on ‘Timing It Right’ can effectively improve the care ability of caregivers of patients with permanent enterostomy, reduce psychological distress, and improve the quality of life.ImpactThe caregivers of patients with permanent enterostomy showed dynamic changes in their care experience and needs at different stages of the disease. The hospital‐family holistic care intervention strategy based on ‘Timing It Right’ can effectively improve the caregiver's care ability, alleviate psychological distress, and improve the quality of life. Additionally, improving the patients' stoma adaptability and reducing the incidence of complications related to ostomy.
Inhibition of adenosine kinase attenuates myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Wang Wenjun , Wang Bailu , Sun Shukun , Cao Shengchuan , Zhai Xiaoxuan , Zhang Chuanxin , Zhang Qun , Yuan Qiuhuan , Sun Yi , Xue Mengyang , Ma Jingjing , Xu Feng , Wei Shujian , Chen Yuguo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIncreased adenosine helps limit infarct size in ischaemia/reperfusion‐injured hearts. In cardiomyocytes, 90% of adenosine is catalysed by adenosine kinase (ADK) and ADK inhibition leads to higher concentrations of both intracellular adenosine and extracellular adenosine. However, the role of ADK inhibition in myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remains less obvious. We explored the role of ADK inhibition in myocardial I/R injury using mouse left anterior ligation model. To inhibit ADK, the inhibitor ABT‐702 was intraperitoneally injected or AAV9 (adeno‐associated virus)—ADK—shRNA was introduced via tail vein injection. H9c2 cells were exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. ADK was transiently increased after myocardial I/R injury. Pharmacological or genetic ADK inhibition reduced infarct size, improved cardiac function and prevented cell apoptosis and necroptosis in I/R‐injured mouse hearts. In vitro, ADK inhibition also prevented cell apoptosis and cell necroptosis in H/R‐treated H9c2 cells. Cleaved caspase‐9, cleaved caspase‐8, cleaved caspase‐3, MLKL and the phosphorylation of MLKL and CaMKII were decreased by ADK inhibition in reperfusion‐injured cardiomyocytes. X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), which is phosphorylated and stabilized via the adenosine receptors A2B and A1/Akt pathways, should play a central role in the effects of ADK inhibition on cell apoptosis and necroptosis. These data suggest that ADK plays an important role in myocardial I/R injury by regulating cell apoptosis and necroptosis.