bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Successful microbial colonization of space in a more dispersed manner
Authors: Liu Xiaonan , Wang Miaoxiao , Nie Yong , Wu Xiao-Lei 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Many organisms live in habitats with limited nutrients or space, competition for these resources is ubiquitous. Although spatial factors related to the population’s manner of colonizing space influences its success in spatial competition, what these factors are and to what extent they influence the outcome remains underexplored. Here, we applied a simulated competitive model to explore the spatial factors affecting outcomes of competition for space. By quantifying spatial factors, we show that colonizing space in a more dispersed manner contributes to microbial competitive success. We also find that the competitive edge deriving from a more dispersed manner in colonization can compensate for the disadvantage arising from either a lower growth rate or lower initial abundance. These findings shed light on the role of space colonization manners on maintaining biodiversity within ecosystems and provide novel insights critical for understanding how competition for space drives evolutionary innovation.
The structure, formation, and effect of plasma protein layer on the blood contact materials: A review
Authors: Chen Xiao , Chen Jiang , Huang Nan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUnderstanding material‐protein interactions is the basis for regulating material‐blood interactions, which is a common topic of interest for medical material developers. In recent years, researchers have conducted extensive studies on (1) the structural characteristics of the plasma protein adsorption layer on the material surface, including the evolution of the protein adsorption layer and its typical binary structure. (2) Influence factors of the protein adsorption layer formation include protein factors (e.g., isoelectric point, structural stability), material factors (e.g., wettability, surface charge, morphology, size), and environmental factors. (3) Effects of some common plasma proteins in the protein adsorption layer on material‐blood interactions. Here, we review the important research results in this field, hoping to provide a reference for future development of advanced blood contact materials.
5G‐based smart healthcare system designing and field trial in hospitals
Authors: Tang Xiaoyong , Zhao Lijun , Chong Jing , You Zhengpeng , Zhu Lei , Ren Haiying , Shang Yuxiang , Han Yantao , Li Gong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWith the 5G worldwide deployment, the scale of vertical applications is innovated benefit from 5G technologies including MEC (Multi‐access Edge Computing), network slicing, etc. Especially for healthcare, 5G had been used for COVID‐19 protection and intelligent medical processing. However, limited by the hospital's traditional information infrastructures, those 5G‐based healthcare applications are hard to be deployed and most only for demonstration, also isolated from the existing medical systems. So what is the next generation of smart healthcare information infrastructures is the key issue for the long‐term development of 5G healthcare applications. Even though the standardized 5G MEC framework has been widely used in many vertical scenarios, it is also hard to satisfy hospital‐specific requirements such as hospital‐dedicated deployment, medical data security, and various network connections, etc. This paper proposes a 5G‐based architecture for smart healthcare information infrastructure, a new network element iGW (industry gateway) is defined, and the smart healthcare dedicated cloud platform iMEP (industry multi‐access edge platform) is also introduced here, making it possible to satisfy both the hospital‐specific requirements and the long‐term evolution. Meanwhile, the implementation methodology and the corresponding field test results are presented, which show the significant network performance gain achieved by the proposed new system structure.
Retrieval of exudate‐affected retinal image patches using Siamese quantum classical neural network
Authors: Nandy Pal Mahua , Banerjee Minakshi , Sarkar Ankit 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDeep neural networks were previously used in the arena of image retrieval. Siamese network architecture is also used for image similarity comparison. Recently, the application of quantum computing in different fields has gained research interest. Researchers are keen to explore the prospect of quantum circuit implementation in terms of supervised learning, resource utilization, and energy‐efficient reversible computing. In this study, the authors propose an application of quantum circuit in Siamese architecture and explored its efficiency in the field of exudate‐affected retinal image patch retrieval. Quantum computing applied within Siamese network architecture may be effective for image patch characteristic comparison and retrieval work. Although there is a restriction of managing high‐dimensional inner product space, the circuit with a limited number of qubits represents exudate‐affected retinal image patches and retrieves similar patches from the patch database. Parameterized quantum circuit (PQC) is implemented using a quantum machine learning library on Google Cirq framework. PQC model is composed of classical pre/post‐processing and parameterized quantum circuit. System efficiency is evaluated with the most widely used retrieval evaluation metrics: mean average precision (MAP) and mean reciprocal rank (MRR). The system achieved an encouraging and promising result of 98.1336% MAP and 100% MRR. Image pixels are implicitly converted to rectangular grid qubits in this experiment. The experimentation was further extended to IBM Qiskit framework also. In Qiskit, individual pixels are explicitly encoded using novel enhanced quantum representation (NEQR) image encoding algorithm. The probability distributions of both query and database patches are compared through Jeffreys distance to retrieve similar patches.
Identification of new M 31 star cluster candidates from PAndAS images using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Wang Shoucheng , Chen Bingqiu , Ma Jun , Long Qian , Yuan Haibo , Liu Dezi , Zhou Zhimin , Liu Wei , Chen Jiamin , He Zizhao 
Published: November 2021

Context. Identification of new star cluster candidates in M 31 is fundamental for the study of the M 31 stellar cluster system. The machine-learning method convolutional neural network (CNN) is an efficient algorithm for searching for new M 31 star cluster candidates from tens of millions of images from wide-field photometric surveys.
Aims. We search for new M 31 cluster candidates from the high-quality g- and i-band images of 21 245 632 sources obtained from the Pan-Andromeda Archaeological Survey (PAndAS) through a CNN.
Methods. We collected confirmed M 31 clusters and noncluster objects from the literature as our training sample. Accurate double-channel CNNs were constructed and trained using the training samples. We applied the CNN classification models to the PAndAS g- and i-band images of over 21 million sources to search new M 31 cluster candidates. The CNN predictions were finally checked by five experienced human inspectors to obtain high-confidence M 31 star cluster candidates.
Results. After the inspection, we identified a catalogue of 117 new M 31 cluster candidates. Most of the new candidates are young clusters that are located in the M 31 disk. Their morphology, colours, and magnitudes are similar to those of the confirmed young disk clusters. We also identified eight globular cluster candidates that are located in the M 31 halo and exhibit features similar to those of confirmed halo globular clusters. The projected distances to the M 31 centre for three of them are larger than 100 kpc.
Representation of simulation errors in single step methods using state dependent noise
Authors: Boje Edward 
Published: November 2021

The local error of single step methods is modelled as a function of the state derivative multiplied by bias and zero-mean white noise terms. The deterministic Taylor series expansion of the local error depends on the state derivative meaning that the local error magnitude is zero in steady state and grows with the rate of change of the state vector. The stochastic model of the local error may include a constant, “catch-all” noise term.
A continuous time extension of the local error model is developed and this allows the original continuous time state differential equation to be represented by a combination of the simulation method and a stochastic term. This continuous time stochastic differential equation model can be used to study the propagation of the simulation error in Monte Carlo experiments, for step size control, or for propagating the mean and variance. This simulation error model can be embedded into continuous-discrete state estimation algorithms.
Two illustrative examples are included to highlight the application of the approach.
Methodische Herausforderungen und Lessons Learned bei der
wissenschaftlichen Nutzung von Daten eines privaten
Krankenversicherungsunternehmens im Rahmen des Projekts IPHA
Authors: Achstetter Katharina , Köppen Julia , Hengel Philipp , Nimptsch Ulrike , Blümel Miriam 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungIn Deutschland sind 11% der Bevölkerung privat krankenversichert
(PKV). In der Versorgungsforschung ist diese Bevölkerungsgruppe jedoch
bislang unterrepräsentiert. Auch die wissenschaftliche Nutzung von
PKV-Daten findet nur vereinzelt statt. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die
wissenschaftliche Verwendbarkeit von PKV-Daten anhand der Daten eines privaten
Krankenversicherungsunternehmens zu prüfen und Herausforderungen sowie
Lessons Learned im Prozess der Datenaufbereitung und -analyse unter Nutzung
eines verknüpften Datensatzes aus Befragungs- und PKV-Daten
(n=3109) aufzuzeigen. Herausforderungen zeigen sich u. a.
aufgrund anderer Begrifflichkeiten in der PKV, in der Datenerfassung und
-validität der Abrechnungsdaten sowie für Versicherte ohne
eingereichte Belege. PKV-Daten können für die
Versorgungsforschung unter Beachtung einer sorgfältigen Aufbereitung der
Daten sowie Darstellung der Limitationen verwendet werden.
Chronische Pankreatitis: Update Diagnostik und Therapie
Authors: Ammer-Herrmenau Christoph , Ellenrieder Volker , Neesse Albrecht 
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die chronische Pankreatitis (CP) ist eine häufige Ursache für stationäre Einweisungen in die Gastroenterologie und ist mit einer reduzierten Lebensqualität und Lebenserwartung assoziiert. Die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselerkrankungen (DGVS) hat in der aktuellen S3-Leitlinie „Pankreatitis“ die neuesten Erkenntnisse von Epidemiologie, Diagnostik und Behandlung der akuten und chronischen Pankreatitis zusammengefasst. Hier werden praxisrelevante Aspekte für die chronische Pankreatitis zusammengefasst.
Ergebnisse Die häufigste Ursache der CP ist der chronische Alkoholabusus. Weitere Ursachen sind die hereditäre Pankreatitis, die Autoimmunpankreatitis, ein Hyperparathyreoidismus und idiopathische Formen der CP. Neben der klassischen hereditären Pankreatitis (PRSS1-Mutation), sind in den letzten Jahren eine Vielzahl an Genen identifiziert worden, die mit einem erhöhten Risiko für die Entwicklung einer idiopathischen CP assoziiert sind. In der konservativen Therapie der CP steht die Behandlung der exokrinen und endokrinen Insuffizienz sowie die Prävention und Behandlung von Sekundärkomplikationen (z.B. Osteoporose, Vitaminmangel, Mangelernährung) im Vordergrund. Lokale Komplikationen (Gallengangsstenose, Duodenalstenose, Pseudozysten und chronische Schmerzen) sollten in Pankreaszentren im interdisziplinären Konsens zwischen Viszeralchirurgie, Radiologie und der interventionellen Endoskopie abgestimmt werden. Während die Drainage von Pseudozysten die Domäne der Endoskopie ist, zeigen neueste Daten, dass die chirurgische Therapie von opiatabhängigen Schmerzen bei Patienten mit einem erweiterten Pankreasgang der Endoskopie überlegen ist.
Schlussfolgerung Die CP weist eine erhöhte Morbidität und Mortalität auf und führt häufig zu stationären Krankenhauseinweisungen. Das klinische Management dieser Patienten verlangt ein hohes Maß an Interdisziplinarität, um für jeden Patienten abhängig von den Komorbiditäten und dem Erkrankungsstadium ein individualisiertes Vorsorge- und Therapiekonzept zu entwerfen.
“I can come up with more things when I’m happy, or especially when I’m angry”
Authors: Venturin Beatrice 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study examines language preferences to express anger and happiness among 15 Russian Australians belonging to
the 1.5 generation, who acquired Russian as first language (L1) and English as second language (L2), after migration during
childhood. While most research into these topics has focused on L1-dominant bilinguals, this study offers a novel perspective, as
1.5-generation migrants are generally L2-dominant or multidominant (L1+L2-dominant), and possibly L1 attriters. Semi-structured
interviews were conducted and underwent qualitative thematic analyses. From the results it emerges that these speakers mostly
express emotions in the L2 or both languages, in line with their language dominance, but their choices do not seem to relate to
language emotionality, as the L1 maintains the highest emotional resonance for them. While research on multilinguals’ expression
of emotions has mainly focused on anger, this study calls attention to the expression of happiness, and points to the importance
of L2-dominant and multidominant multilinguals.
Effect of the gas puff location on the divertor plasma properties in COMPASS tokamak
Authors: Dimitrova M , Tomes M , Popov Tsv , Dejarnac R , Stockel J , Adamek J , Vasileva E , Hron M , Panek R 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Langmuir probes are used to study the plasma parameters in the divertor during deuterium gas puff injection on the high- (HFS) or low-field sides (LFS). The probe data were processed to evaluate the plasma potential and the electron temperatures and densities. A difference was found in the plasma parameters depending on the gas puff location.
In the case of a gas puff on the LFS, the plasma parameters changed vastly, mainly in the inner divertor – the plasma potential, the ion saturation-current density and the electron temperature dropped. After the gas puff, the electron temperature changed from 10-15 eV down to within the 5-9 eV range. As a result, the parallel heat-flux density decreased. At the same time, in the outer divertor the plasma parameters remained the same. We thus concluded that using a gas puff on the LFS will facilitate reaching a detachment regime by increasing the density of puffed neutrals.
When the deuterium gas puff was on the HFS, the plasma parameters in the divertor region remained almost the same before and during the puff. The electron temperature decreased with just few eV as a result of the increased amount of gas in the vacuum chamber.
Association of alpha-1-adrenergic antagonist use with the risk of gout development in benign prostatic hyperplasia patients: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Hsu Wei-Hung , Lai Jung-Nien , Lin Cheng-Li , Loh Ching-Hui , Huang Huei-Kai , Huang Liang-Kai 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Men are more likely to develop benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and gout as they age. However, the role of alpha-1-adrenergic antagonists, the medication for BPH, in the development of gout is uncertain.

Objective
To investigate the effect of alpha-1-adrenergic antagonist use on the risk of developing gout in BPH patients.

Methods
Data of patients with newly diagnosed BPH were retrieved from Taiwan’s 2000–2013 National Health Insurance Research Database (total number: 15,390 patients; 7,695 patients in each cohort). Propensity score matching was conducted according to age, comorbidities, medication history for cohorts that received or did not receive alpha-1-adrenergic antagonists. Hazard ratios (HRs) were assessed for gout development using Cox proportional hazards regression models.

Results
Use of alpha-1-adrenergic antagonists was not associated with gout development in BPH patients (HR = 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78–1.10; P = 0.35). However, after stratification according to the average number of days of alpha-1-adrenergic antagonist use per year, patients with an average of &gt;300 days had a significantly higher risk of gout development than patients who did not receive alpha-1-adrenergic antagonists (adjusted HR = 1.57; 95% CI, 1.25–1.97; P &lt; 0.001). Patients with more days of medication use per year had a higher risk of gout development than those with fewer days of medication use (P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
Patients who received more doses of alpha-1-adrenergic antagonists per year had a higher risk of developing gout. A causal proof of the role of alpha-1-adrenergic antagonists use in gout development should be analysed in future studies designed as double blind randomized controlled trials.
Rapid Changes in Composition and Contents of Cuticular Hydrocarbons inSitobion avenae(Hemiptera: Aphididae) Clones Adapting to Desiccation Stress
Authors: Yang Yujing , Li Xiaosai , Liu Deguang , Pei Xiaojin , Khoso Abdul Ghaffar 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) are diverse in insects, and include variable classes of cuticular lipids, contributing to waterproofing for insects under desiccation environments. However, this waterproofing function of CHCs is still not well characterized in aphids. In this study, we compared CHC profiles for desiccation-resistant and nonresistant genotypes of the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (Fabricius), in responses to desiccation. Our result showed that a total of 27 CHCs were detected in S. avenae, and linear alkanes (e.g., n-C29) were found to be the predominant components. Long-chain monomethyl alkanes were found to associate closely with water loss rates in S. avenae in most cases. Resistant genotypes of both wing morphs had higher contents of short-chain n-alkanes under control than nonresistant genotypes, showing the importance of short-chain n-alkanes in constitutive desiccation resistance. Among these, n-C25 might provide a CHC signature to distinguish between desiccation-resistant and nonresistant individuals. Compared with linear alkanes, methyl-branched CHCs appeared to display higher plasticity in rapid responses to desiccation, especially for 2-MeC26, implying that methyl-branched CHCs could be more sensitive to desiccation, and play more important roles in induced desiccation-resistance. Thus, both constitutive and induced CHCs (linear or methyl-branched) can contribute to adaptive responses of S. avenae populations under desiccation environments. Our results provide substantial evidence for adaptive changes of desiccation resistance and associated CHCs in S. avenae, and have significant implications for aphid evolution and management in the context of global climate change.
Internal jugular phlebectasia in pediatric patients: a report of two Saudi cases
Authors: Alrabea Sultan , Eshky Anoof , Albilasi Thamer , Alenezi Mazyad , Bawazir Samir 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Phlebectasia is a rare condition that refers to the dilatation of any vein in the neck. It is more common in the internal jugular vein and in boys. Diagnosis of the condition is based on ultrasound with Doppler and contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Management of this condition is conservative unless there are complications that may require surgery. Here, we present two pediatric cases of internal jugular phlebectasia. The first patient was an 8-year-old boy, and the second was a 5-year-old boy. They both presented to our clinic with recurrent tonsillitis for tonsillectomy, and both were incidental findings.
Statistics of galaxy mergers: bridging the gap between theory and observation
Authors: Huško Filip , Lacey Cedric G , Baugh Carlton M 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a study of galaxy mergers up to z = 10 using the Planck Millennium cosmological dark matter simulation and the GALFORM semi-analytical model of galaxy formation. Utilizing the full 800 Mpc3 volume of the simulation, we studied the statistics of galaxy mergers in terms of merger rates and close pair fractions. We predict that merger rates begin to drop rapidly for high-mass galaxies (M* &gt; 1011.3–1010.5 M⊙ for z = 0–4), as a result of the exponential decline in the galaxy stellar mass function. The predicted merger rates for massive galaxies (M* &gt; 1010 M⊙) increase and then turn over with increasing redshift, by z = 3.5, in disagreement with hydrodynamical simulations and semi-empirical models. In agreement with most other models and observations, we find that close pair fractions flatten or turn over at some redshift (dependent on the mass selection). We conduct an extensive comparison of close pair fractions, and highlight inconsistencies among models, but also between different observations. We provide a fitting formula for the major merger time-scale for close galaxy pairs, in which the slope of the stellar mass dependence is redshift dependent. This is in disagreement with previous theoretical results that implied a constant slope. Instead, we find a weak redshift dependence only for massive galaxies (M* &gt; 1010 M⊙): in this case the merger time-scale varies approximately as $M_*^{-0.55}$. We find that close pair fractions and merger time-scales depend on the maximum projected separation as $r_\mathrm{max}^{1.32}$, in agreement with observations of small-scale clustering of galaxies.
Memory, Knowledge, and Epistemic Luck
Authors: Lai Changsheng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDoes ‘remembering that p’ entail ‘knowing that p’? The widely-accepted epistemic theory of memory (hereafter, ETM) answers affirmatively. This paper purports to reveal the tension between ETM and the prevailing anti-luck epistemology. Central to my argument is the fact that we often ‘vaguely remember’ a fact, of which one plausible interpretation is that our true memory-based beliefs formed in this way could easily have been false. Drawing on prominent theories of misremembering in philosophy of psychology (e.g. fuzzy-trace theory and simulationism), I will construct cases where the subject vaguely remembers that p while fails to meet the safety condition, which imply either that ETM is false or that safety is unnecessary for knowledge. The conclusion reached in this paper will be a conditional: if veritic epistemic luck is incompatible with knowledge, then ‘remembering that p’ does not entail ‘knowing that p’.