bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenotypes of Chronic Covert Brain Infarction in Patients With First-Ever Ischemic Stroke: A Cohort Study
Authors: Vynckier Jan , Kaesmacher Johannes , Wardlaw Joanna Marguerite , Roten Laurent , Beyeler Morin , Belachew Nebiyat Filate , Grunder Lorenz , Seiffge David Julian , Jung Simon , Gralla Jan , Dobrocky Tomas , Heldner Mirjam Rachel , Prange Ulrike , Goeldlin Martina Béatrice , Arnold Marcel , Fischer Urs , Meinel Thomas Raphael 
Published: September 2021

Background and Purpose:
The aim of this study was to assess the rate of chronic covert brain infarctions (CBIs) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and to describe their phenotypes and diagnostic value.

Methods:
This is a single-center cohort study including 1546 consecutive patients with first-ever AIS on magnetic resonance imaging imaging from January 2015 to December 2017. The main study outcomes were CBI phenotypes, their relative frequencies, location, and association with vascular risk factors.

Results:

Any CBI was present in 574/1546 (37% [95% CI, 35%–40%]) of patients with a total of 950 CBI lesions. The most frequent locations of CBI were cerebellar in 295/950 (31%), subcortical supratentorial in 292/950 (31%), and cortical in 213/950 (24%). CBI phenotypes included lacunes (49%), combined gray and white matter lesions (30%), gray matter lesions (13%), and large subcortical infarcts (7%). Vascular risk profile and white matter hyperintensities severity (19% if no white matter hyperintensity, 63% in severe white matter hyperintensity,
P
<0.001) were associated with presence of any CBI. Atrial fibrillation was associated with cortical lesions (adjusted odds ratio, 2.032 [95% CI, 1.041–3.967]). Median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores on admission were higher in patients with an embolic CBI phenotype (median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, 5 [2–10],
P
=0.025).

Conclusions:
CBIs were present in more than a third of patients with first AIS. Their location and phenotypes as determined by MRI were different from previous studies using computed tomography imaging. Among patients suffering from AIS, those with additional CBI represent a vascular high-risk subgroup and the association of different phenotypes of CBIs with differing risk factor profiles potentially points toward discriminative AIS etiologies.
Imitating the Traditional Gods
Authors: Bartninkas Vilius 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper examines moral virtues and cult practice in Plato’s Laws. It explores the symposium and the chorus and their potential to provide a recognisable cultural setting, in which the Magnesian citizens can test their responses to pleasurable and painful experiences and thus train their moral virtues. The challenge to this reading is to explain what additional input to moral habituation is provided by the religious aspect of these institutions. This paper draws attention to the relationship between the people and the patron gods of the respective institutions. It argues that the cult practices are designed to reflect the virtuous character of the traditional gods, who serve as the ethical role models for the worshipers. In this way, the worship of the traditional gods not only facilitates moral progress by exemplifying the objective of virtuous life, but also gives an egalitarian version of the ideal of godlikeness to its citizens.
Two new species of Thermosbaenacea (Peracarida, Halosbaenidae and Monodellidae) from southern France
Authors: Wagner H. P. , Bou C. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Two new species of Thermosbaenacea are described from various locations in southern France. One species is Limnosbaena occidentalis n. sp., a species that has been known since 1967 and has long been awaiting a formal description, the other is Tethysbaena exigua n. sp., a very small species that represents a new species-group within the genus and has more morphological affinities with the Caribbean Tethysbaena sanctaecrucis species-group than with any other group. Furthermore, some considerations about the origin and ecology of these species are given. Three species distributed over the families of Halosbaenidae and Monodellidae are now known in France within a radius of 80 km around Marseille, one of which has also been identified in the alluvial aquifer of the Dordogne river.
How Can I Keep from Singing? Being the Church amid the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Earl Michael 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The disruption wrought by the Covid-19 pandemic has been the greatest global upheaval since the Second World War. All sectors have been forced to recalibrate their practices, including churches. Although practical concerns around worship, pastoral care, and missional activities have required extensive thought, considered theological reflection is also called for. In a context often resistant to change, theologically informed adaptation is critical, countering the temptation to prioritise mere functionality. In the past, the best Christian responses to pandemics have discerned them as ‘vocational moments’, kairos times where the faith’s longstanding theological commitments were brought to bear in faithful practice. This article promotes a ‘gentle witness’ as one possible way the church might construe a response. As the prevailing mood is one of fear, isolation, loneliness, separation, a witness that comes alongside in loving presence, lament, solidarity, and care for Jesus’ sake, incorporating a public face, commends itself as an appropriate ‘way’ for a public-facing church.
Diversity and community structure of moss- and lichen-dwelling tardigrades (Tardigrada) along an altitudinal gradient in Cuba
Authors: Muñoz-Li Rogelio Roberto , Capote Abdiel Jover 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Elevation and anthropopression are important factors affecting terrestrial water bear dynamics. In the present study, we characterize the taxonomic composition, diversity, and community structure of tardigrades along an elevational gradient with different anthropopression in Alturas de Boniato, Santiago de Cuba. Samples were collected in four sampling sites and all tardigrades were extracted. Alpha diversity indices were calculated. Hierarchical community organization was determined and variation among sampling sites was calculated using the Jaccard index for beta diversity. Some variables that influenced composition and taxon diversity were also evaluated. A total of 413 tardigrades belonging to seven taxa and five eggs were found. The most abundant taxa were Paramacrobiotus sp., Macrobiotus sp. and Milnesium sp. 1. Differences between sampling sites were largely due to turnover, especially at the higher-elevation sites. Nesting characterized the lower-elevation sites. The variables that had the greatest influence on species composition were anthropopression and a mixture of various macro- and microenvironmental variables.
Terrorist Financing via Money Transfer Systems
Authors: Teichmann Fabian , Falker Marie-Christin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
With the rise of the Islamic State and the corresponding war in Syria, which has caused an international refugee crisis, the combat of terrorism has, again, become a major goal for European authorities. One popular approach to the combat of terrorism is to interrupt the funding of terrorist organisations. Whereas other studies have focused mainly on the implementation of prevention measures, this study investigates terrorist financing methods from the offender’s perspective with a focus on so-called money transfer systems to reveal weaknesses in the regulation of terrorist financing in general and money transfer systems in particular. For this purpose, qualitative interviews with 15 presumed providers of illegal financial services and 15 European compliance experts were conducted. This paper has implications for law enforcement, regulatory authorities, investigators and financial service providers. Innovative measures such as the use of electronic surveillance and expanding the jurisdiction of undercover agents are suggested.
“The Great Crusade”: D-Day in American Culture c.1944–2001
Authors: Edwards Sam 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Focusing on political speech, commemorative ceremonies, and various cultural media (especially historiography, memorials and films), this article explores the discursive construction within American culture of D-Day – the Allied invasion of France in June 1944 – as “crusade”, that is, as an example of a righteous and redemptive mission undertaken in the name of God in order to deliver the oppressed peoples of Europe from the darkness and evil of Nazi rule. The article traces the origins of this rhetorical framing during the war itself, before shifting to examine its fortunes, lines and limits through to the end of the twentieth century. The article furthers our understanding of exactly how D-Day has been represented in American culture, and it teases out what might be termed a chronology of cultural traction. In doing so, it identifies those moments in which the linkage between D-Day and “crusading” has been firmly expressed as well as those other moments in which this linkage became rather more subterranean and subsumed, often remaining detectable only via inference or through careful attention to some of the images, ideas and narrative themes deployed in speech and ceremony.
How Well Are We Measuring Snow Post-SPICE?
Authors: Kochendorfer John , Earle Michael , Rasmussen Roy , Smith Craig , Yang Daqing , Morin Samuel , Mekis Eva , Buisan Samuel , Roulet Yves-Alain , Landolt Scott , Wolff Mareile , Hoover Jeffery , Thériault Julie M. , Lee Gyuwon , Baker Bruce , Nitu Rodica , Lanza Luca , Colli Matteo , Meyers Tilden 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Accurate snowfall measurements are necessary for meteorology, hydrology, and climate research. Typical uses include creating and calibrating gridded precipitation products, the verification of model simulations, driving hydrologic models, input into aircraft deicing processes, and estimating streamflow runoff in the spring. These applications are significantly impacted by errors in solid precipitation measurements. The recent WMO Solid Precipitation Intercomparison Experiment (SPICE) attempted to characterize and reduce some of the measurement uncertainties through an international effort involving 15 countries utilizing over 20 types and models of precipitation gauges from various manufacturers. Key results from WMO-SPICE are presented herein. Recent work and future research opportunities that build on the results of WMO-SPICE are also highlighted.
Integrated analyses of long noncoding RNAs and mRNAs in the progression of breast cancer
Authors: Guo Jingyun , Lian Huining , Liu Minfeng , Dong Jianyu , Guo Zhaoze , Yang Jinlamao , Ye Changsheng 
Published: September 2021

Objective The objective was to explore the expression and potential functions of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and mRNAs in human breast cancer (BC). Methods Differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs were identified and annotated in BC tissues by using the Agilent human lncRNA assay (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) and RNA sequencing. After identification of lncRNAs and mRNAs through quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, we conducted a series of functional experiments to confirm the effects of knockdown of one lncRNA, TCONS_00029809, on the progression of BC. Results We discovered 238 lncRNAs and 200 mRNAs that were differentially expressed in BC tissues and para-carcinoma tissue. We showed that differentially expressed mRNAs were related to biological adhesion and biological regulation and mainly enriched in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, metabolic pathways, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. We created a protein–protein interaction network to analyze the proteins enriched in these pathways. We demonstrated that silencing of TCONS_00029809 remarkably inhibited proliferation, invasion, and migration of BC cells, and accelerated their apoptosis. Conclusions We identified a large number of differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs, which provide data useful in understanding BC carcinogenesis. The lncRNA TCONS_00029809 may be involved in the development of BC.
Current Trends in Orthobiologics: An 11-Year Review of the Orthopaedic Literature
Authors: Obana Kyle K. , Schallmo Michael S. , Hong Ian S. , Ahmad Christopher S. , Moorman Claude T. , Trofa David P. , Saltzman Bryan M. 
Published: September 2021

Background: The use of “orthobiologics” or regenerative therapies in orthopaedic surgery has grown in recent years. Particular interest has been raised with regard to platelet-rich plasma, bone marrow aspirate, adipose-derived cells, and amniotic cells. Although studies have analyzed outcomes after orthobiologic treatment, no study has analyzed how the literature as a whole has evolved. Purpose: To evaluate trends in platelet-rich plasma, bone marrow aspirate, adipose-derived cells, and amniotic cell publications and to assess how these might inform efforts to establish minimum reporting standards and forecast future use. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A database was compiled systematically using PubMed to identify articles published between 2009 and 2019 within 9 prominent orthopaedic journals and pertaining to the use of platelet-rich plasma, bone marrow aspirate, adipose-derived cells, and amniotic cells in the treatment of musculoskeletal conditions. Included articles were classified as clinical, nonclinical (translational or basic science), or review, and a variety of study parameters were recorded for each. Additional queries were performed to identify articles that utilized minimum reporting standards. Results: A total of 474 articles (132 clinical, 271 nonclinical, 71 review) were included, consisting of 244 (51.5%) platelet-rich plasma, 146 (30.8%) bone marrow aspirate, 72 (15.2%) adipose-derived cells, and 12 (2.5%) amniotic cells. The greatest annual increase in publications for each orthobiologic topic was from 2018 to 2019. The American Journal of Sports Medicine demonstrated the highest number of overall (34.2%) and clinical (50.0%) publications, and accounted for 44.3% of all platelet-rich plasma publications. The Journal of Orthopaedic Research accounted for the second highest overall number of publications (24.9%) and highest nonclinical publications (41.0%). Platelet-rich plasma accounted for 91.5% of all level 1 clinical studies, while much greater than half of bone marrow aspirate, adipose-derived cells, and amniotic cell publications were level 3 or lower. Out of the 207 articles that used some form of reporting protocol, 59 (28.5%) used an established algorithm and 125 (60.4%) used their own. Conclusion: Interest in orthobiologics continues to grow, as evidenced by an increasing trend in publications over an 11-year period. However, current reporting on orthobiologic formulations is largely heterogeneous, emphasizing the need for minimum reporting standards and higher-quality studies.
Turkish Women’s Beliefs Concerning Human Milk Banking
Authors: Özdemir Suzi , Dilek Aksoy Sena , Soyaslan Akdağ Gaye 
Published: September 2021

Background: A donor milk bank provides an alternative source of human milk for mothers who cannot breastfeed or provide their own milk. Although wet-nursing is a common practice, there is currently no donor milk bank in Turkey. Research Aims: The aims of our study were (1) to determine the knowledge and opinions of Turkish women in regard to donor milk banking; and (2) to raise awareness of donor milk banking. Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional descriptive study, in which the data were collected with an online survey consisting of 22 questions. The link to the online survey was distributed through the social media accounts of the researchers, with a statement inviting women aged 18–64, who were literate and actively using social media, to participate in the survey. There were 648 female participants. Results: Of those who responded to the questionnaire, 54.1% had not previously given birth, and 54.2% had heard about donor milk banks before. The implementation of donor milk banks in Turkey was desired by 56.4% of the participants, and 50.8% of the participants considered donating their milk. It was determined that the reasons why the women did not want to benefit from donor milk banks were the risk of disease transmission to the baby and the possibility of their child marrying his or her milk sibling in the future. Conclusion: It appears that Turkish women lack information about donor milk banking. We recommend public awareness activities to be organized concerning donor milk banking.
Efficacy and Safety of Anti-Programmed Cell Death Protein-1 Immunotherapy for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma With Pulmonary Metastases: A Single-Center, Retrospective Study
Authors: Zhao Mei , Zhang Yiruo , Wang Hua , Liu Pingping , Da Jie , Du Yingying 
Published: September 2021

Background: Anti-programmed cell death protein-1 immunotherapy has been approved as a new treatment option for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on the promising results of several studies. Methods: This retrospective study included 71 patients with advanced HCC treated with anti-programmed cell death protein-1 immunotherapy between June 1, 2017 and September 30, 2020 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University. Responses to pulmonary metastases were evaluated. Results: The median follow-up duration was 7.73 months (95% confidence interval (CI), 4.48-10.98). Of 71 patients, the overall response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were 32% (23/71) and 73% (52/71), respectively. The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 4.90 (95% CI, 2.71-7.09) and 20.23 (95% CI, 6.87-33.59) months, respectively. Forty-two patients had HCC pulmonary metastases, whereas 29 did not have pulmonary metastasis. No significant differences were observed in the ORR (38% [16/42] vs. 24% [7/29], P = 0.22) and DCR (74% [31/42] vs. 72% [21/29], P = 0.90) between groups. In patients with pulmonary metastases, the median disease control duration of pulmonary lesions was significantly longer than extrapulmonary lesions (Not Reached vs. 12.37 months, P = 0.048). Pulmonary metastases were not associated with an increased incidence of adverse events (67% vs. 62%, P = 0.69). Conclusions: Anti-programmed cell death protein-1 immunotherapy showed promising efficacy and safety in patients with advanced HCC, with good responses observed in pulmonary metastases. The mechanism underlying the differences in responses between pulmonary and extrapulmonary metastases requires further investigation.
A Demographic Analysis of Craniomaxillofacial Trauma in the Era of COVID-19
Authors: Clark Robert C. , Desai Bijal , Davidson Edward H. 
Published: September 2021

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Objective: The challenges of COVID-19 could magnify socioeconomic vulnerability for craniomaxillofacial (CMF) trauma. This study compares subjects who presented with CMF fractures to a regional healthcare system during the pandemic with those in 2019. We hypothesized societal circumstances of 2020 would correlate with disproportionately more CMF fractures in vulnerable patients compared to pre-pandemic trends. Methods: An IRB approved retrospective study of CMF fracture presentations in 2019 and 2020 was performed. Demographics, injury details, and management details were collected. A residence-based poverty index was calculated for each subject utilizing census data. Pre-pandemic and pandemic cases were compared to identify differences between cohorts. Results: A large decrease in presentations was noted between pre-pandemic and pandemic cohorts. There was significantly greater poverty the pre-pandemic cohort as compared to the pandemic cohort ( P = .026). Overall, there was a significant correlation between higher poverty and violent MOI ( P < .001). This association was maintained pre-pandemic, ( P = .001) but was insignificant in the pandemic cohort ( P = .108). Difference between cohorts with respect to violent injury was non-significant ( P = .559) with non-significant difference in demographics including age ( P = .390), place of injury ( P = .136), employment status ( P = .905), insurance status ( P = .580), marital status ( P = .711), ethnicity ( P = .068), and gender ( P = .656). Management was not significantly different between cohorts including percent hospital admission ( P = .396), surgical intervention ( P = .120), and time to operation ( P = .109). Conclusions: Contrary to our hypothesis, this analysis indicates that the societal changes brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic did not magnify vulnerable populations. Some changes were noted including in volume of presentation, demographic distribution, and injury detail.
Evaluation of Different Intraarticular Injection Therapies with Gait Analysis in a Rat Osteoarthritis Model
Authors: Çağlar Ceyhun , Kara Halil , Ateş Okan , Uğurlu Mahmut 
Published: September 2021

Objective Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease that causes serious damage to joints, especially in elderly patients. The aim of study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of intraarticular therapies that are currently used or recently popularized in the treatment of OA. Design The baseline values were determined by walking the rats on the CatWalk system. Afterwards, a monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced knee OA model was created with intraarticular MIA, and the rats were walked again on the CatWalk system and post-OA values were recorded. At this stage, the rats were divided into 4 groups, and intraarticular astaxanthin, intraarticular corticosteroid, intraarticular hyaluronic acid, and intraarticular astaxanthin + hyaluronic acid were applied to the groups, respectively. The rats were walked once more and posttreatment values were obtained. Nine different dynamic gait parameters were used in the comparison. Results Significant changes were measured in 6 of the 9 dynamic gait parameters after the MIA-induced knee OA model. While the best improvement was observed in run duration ( P = 0.0022), stride length ( P < 0.0001), and swing speed ( P = 0.0355) in the astaxanthin group, the results closest to basal values in paw print length ( P < 0.0001), paw print width ( P = 0.0101), and paw print area ( P = 0.0277) were seen in the astaxanthin + hyaluronic acid group. Conclusion Astaxanthin gave better outcomes than corticosteroid and hyaluronic acid in both dynamic gait parameters and histological examinations. Intraarticular astaxanthin therapy can be a good alternative to corticosteroid and hyaluronic acid currently used in intraarticular therapy to treat OA.