bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing Freeform Optical Surfaces by the Monge-Ampère Equations:
A Review
Authors: Ji Kangsong , Shou Huahao , Liu Yan 
Published: December 2021

Background:
The equations of Monge-Ampère type which arise in geometric optics are
used to design illumination lenses and mirrors. The optical design problem can be formulated as an
inverse problem: determine an optical system consisting of a reflector and/or refractor that converts
a given light distribution of the source into a desired target light distribution. For two decades, the
development of fast and reliable numerical design algorithms for the calculation of freeform surfaces
for irradiance control in the geometrical optics limit is of great interest in current research.

Objective:
The objective of this paper is to summarize the types, algorithms, and applications of
Monge-Ampère equations. It helps scholars better grasp the research status of Monge-Ampère
equations and further explore the theory of Monge-Ampère equations.

Methods:
This paper reviews the theory and applications of Monge–Ampère equations from four aspects. We first discuss the concept and development of Monge–Ampère equations. Then we derive two different cases of Monge–Ampère equations. We also list the numerical methods of Monge–Ampère equation in actual scenes. Finally, the paper gives a brief summary and an expectation.

Results:
This paper reviews the theory and applications of Monge-Ampère equations from four
aspects. We first discuss the concept and development of Monge-Ampère equations. Then we derive
two different cases of Monge-Ampère equations. We also list the numerical methods of the
Monge-Ampère equation in actual scenes. Finally, the paper gives a brief summary and an expectation.

Conclusion:
Monge-Ampère equation has been widely applied in the geometric optics field since
the predetermined energy distribution and the boundary condition creation can be well satisfied.
Although the freeform surfaces designed by the Monge-Ampère equations is developing rapidly,
there is still plenty of room for development in the design of the algorithms.
Life Cycle Assessment of alkali activated materials: preliminary investigation for pavement applications
Authors: Lolli Francesca , Kurtis Kimberly E. 
Published: December 2021

The capital investment in the US for construction and maintenance of the infrastructure road network is $150 billion/year. Investments in OECD countries will likely stabilize, while other countries will face an exponential growth of investments for infrastructures driven by the development of metropolitan cities. Continued “business-as-usual” practice for portland and asphalt cement concrete pavement construction ignores the increasing warning calls for the identification of more sustainable and less energy intensive paving materials.
Alkali activated materials concrete (AAM) have been studied with growing interest during the last three decades. AAM show promising results in terms of mechanical performance, while also having a global warming potential impact 30-80% less than that of portland cement concrete. The global warming potential of AAM is closely dependent on the: 1) activating solution used to activate the raw material and 2) origin of the raw material. Specifically, the impact of the transport for both of these components is ~ 10% of its global warming potential. Hence, to increase the adoption of AAM for pavements, it is fundamental to analyze the existing literature to clarify the link between environmental impact and mechanical performance, identifying opportunities for applications that are tailored to the local availability of raw material.
The Role of Education, Monitoring, and Symptom Perception in Internet-Based Self-management Among Adolescents With Asthma: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Beerthuizen Thijs , Rikkers-Mutsaerts E R V M , Snoeck-Stroband Jiska B , Sont Jacob K 
Published: December 2021

Background
Internet-based self-management programs improve asthma control and the asthma-related quality of life in adults and adolescents. The components of self-management programs include education and the web-based self-monitoring of symptoms; the latter requires adequate perception in order to timely adjust lifestyle or medication or to contact a care provider.

Objective
We aimed to test the hypothesis that adherence to education and web-based monitoring and adequate symptom perception are important determinants for the improvement of asthma control in self-management programs.

Methods
We conducted a subgroup analysis of the intervention group of a randomized controlled trial, which included adolescents who participated in the internet-based self-management arm. We assessed the impacts that attendance in education sessions, the frequency of web-based monitoring, and the level of perception had on changes in asthma control (Asthma Control Questionnaire [ACQ]) and asthma-related quality of life (Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire) from baseline to 12 months after intervention.

Results
Adolescents who attended education sessions had significant and clinically relevant improvements in asthma control (ACQ score difference: −0.6; P=.03) and exhibited a nonsignificant trend of improvement in asthma-related quality of life (Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire score difference: −0.45; P=.15) when compared to those who did not adhere to education. Frequent monitoring alone did not improve asthma control (P=.07) and quality of life (P=.44) significantly, but its combination with education did result in improved ACQ scores (difference: −0.88; P=.02). There were no significant differences in outcomes between normoperceivers and hypoperceivers.

Conclusions
Education, especially in combination with frequent web-based monitoring, is an important determinant for the 1-year outcomes of asthma control in internet-based self-management programs for adolescents with partly controlled and uncontrolled asthma; however, we could not establish the effect of symptom perception. This study provides important knowledge on the effects of asthma education and monitoring in daily life.
COVID-19 Information Sources and Health Behaviors During Pregnancy: Results From a Prenatal App-Embedded Survey
Authors: Bohnhoff James , Davis Alexander , Bruine de Bruin Wändi , Krishnamurti Tamar 
Published: December 2021

Background
Pregnancy is a time of heightened COVID-19 risk. Pregnant individuals’ choice of specific protective health behaviors during pregnancy may be affected by information sources.

Objective
This study examined the association between COVID-19 information sources and engagement in protective health behaviors among a pregnant population in a large academic medical system.

Methods
Pregnant patients completed an app-based questionnaire about their sources of COVID-19 information and engagement in protective health behaviors. The voluntary questionnaire was made available to patients using a pregnancy app as part of their routine prenatal care between April 21 and November 27, 2020.

Results
In total, 637 pregnant responders routinely accessed a median of 5 sources for COVID-19 information. The most cited source (79%) was the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Self-reporting evidence-based protective actions was relatively common, although 14% self-reported potentially harmful behaviors to avoid COVID-19 infection. The CDC and other sources were positively associated with engaging in protective behaviors while others (eg, US president Donald Trump) were negatively associated with protective behaviors. Participation in protective behaviors was not associated with refraining from potentially harmful behaviors (P=.93). Moreover, participation in protective behaviors decreased (P=.03) and participation in potentially harmful actions increased (P=.001) over the course of the pandemic.

Conclusions
Pregnant patients were highly engaged in COVID-19–related information-seeking and health behaviors. Clear, targeted, and regular communication from commonly accessed health organizations about which actions may be harmful, in addition to which actions offer protection, may offer needed support to the pregnant population.
INVENTORY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES OF PHARMACEUTICALS IN PUBLIC HEALTH INSTITUTIONS OF DESSIE CITY ADMINISTRATION, ETHIOPIA: A DESCRIPTIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: BAYKED EWUNETIE MEKASHAW , KAHISSAY MESFIN HAILE , DEMEKE WORKNEH BIRHANU 
Published: December 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to assess inventory management practices of pharmaceuticals in public health institutions of Dessie City Administration, Ethiopia.
Methods: The research was conducted from February 5, 2019, to February 24, 2019, in 10 health facilities with a descriptive cross-sectional study using observation checklists.
Results: Receipts, issues, losses, and adjustments were correctly recorded in seven stores. Invoices and bin cards were available in all stores. Logistic management and information system, Internal Facility Report and Resupply, and Report and Requisition Form were available in nine stores. Five stores had stock cards, but only three recorded prices correctly. The maximum, minimum, reorder, and buffer stock levels were not properly maintained (or automated). All stores had freezers but wall thermometers and lockable cabinets were absent in eight stores; seven did not use first expired, first out storage technique. Humidity and fire control mechanisms were absent in all and seven institutions, respectively. Nine institutions lack fireproof areas for combustibles, but eight stores held them with drugs.
Conclusion: The inventory management practices of the institutions were not satisfactory. It is recommended that the health facilities should comply with standard operating procedures.
Swertia chirayita in Nepal Himalayas: Cultivation and Cross Border Trade to China
Authors: Chapagain Arjun 
Published: December 2021

For ethnic inhabitants in the rural areas, medicinal plants are not only the cultural, sacred medicinal ingredients of traditional medicine, part of traditional belief and biodiversity but also an important cash crop to support their livelihood. With the commercialization of traditional medicine and medicinal plant-based industries worldwide, Nepalese medicinal plants are in high demand. This photo essay presents the various steps from the cultivation to the cross-border trade of Swertia chirayita (Roxb.) H. Karst., a traditional valuable medicinal plant, and a beautiful landscape of Nepal-China border. The essay contains fourteen photographs each described with captions in detail with the information collected during field work. The ethnographic study on cross border trade of medicinal plants was conducted in 2020 at Bhotkhola routes in the northeastern Nepal. Bhotkhola-Tibet border control in 2008 has politically ruptured the original link of traditional exchange among people, goods, and ideas by displacing the community from its everyday borderlands. However, the cross border trade is performed by traditional networks of Bhotiya communities such as rural ethnic inhabitants, farmers, small budget dealers, and traditional practitioners through formal and informal supply chains. The government authorities from both the countries are responsible for regulating, monitoring, and permitting medicinal plants supply from harvesters to cross-border traders.
Between Mandala and World Stage: A Historiographical Study of a Public Space
Authors: Sengupta Urmi 
Published: December 2021

Cities change. A sudden natural disaster may destroy a city. Spaces that were once important for the citizens and political life may be lost to development. Spaces that survive hold the quirks of history, culture, and society. This article develops a historical account of urban public space that explores the changing relationship between space, political order, identity, and memory. Using Tundikhel, the largest public open space of national significance in Kathmandu, Nepal, the article takes a journey from the ancient era to medieval times, and right through to the modern period to decipher the ways in which the public space has been historically formed, construed, and interpreted. The main body of the paper explores Tundikhel’s evolution through four thematic phases: (1) abstraction, folklore, and mysticism (300–1200 AD); (2) art, mandala and mercantalism (1201–1767 AD); (3) power, visibility, and modernity (1768–1989 AD) and; (4) breaking barriers and emancipation (1990 onwards). The article argues that a postmodern, hybrid nature of the public space today does more to capture the nature of the city’s change as a complex, multi-layered shift in which the history cannot be simply erased, but returns to disrupt contemporary narratives of the national space.
Diskursus Perkembangan Ilmu Syarah Hadith: Sebuah Kajian Metodologis dan Historis
Authors: Amir Ahmad Nabil 
Published: December 2021

The study of the history of the development of hadith and ulumul hadith is one of the studies developed in Islamic science. This study is important because hadith is the second reference to Islam after the Qur'an. Therefore we need an in-depth study of the discourse on the development of "syarah" hadith. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the development of the science of hadith commentary since the early century of Hijrah. It traces its historical development and contribution in expanding the profound understanding of hadith and its science. This paper attempts to illustrate the discipline of usul al-sharh and set forth its underlying method as presented by hadith scholars in their major works of hadith commentary. The discussion focuses on the method and ittijahat al-sharh in interpreting and commenting rigorously on authentic works of hadith.AbstrakPengkajian tentang sejarah perkembangan hadith dan ulumul hadith merupakan salah satu kajian dalam ilmu keislaman. Hal ini disebabkan karena hadith merupakan rujukan Islam yang kedua setelah al-Qur’an. Oleh karena itu diperlukan sebuah kajian yang mendalam tentang diskursus perkembangan ilmu syarah hadith. Adapun tujuan artikel ini mengkaji dinamika perkembangan ilmu syarah sejak abad pertama Hijrah. Di dalamnya akan mengelaborasi pertumbuhan dan sumbangannya dalam mengembangkan pemikiran dan pemahama hadith dan ulumul hadith. Selebihnya juga menjelaskan pemahaman usul al-sharh dan menguraikan kekuatan metode yang digunakan oleh ulama dalam menghasilkan kitab-kitab syarah. Perbincangannya menfokuskan kepada manhaj dan ittijahat al-sharh yang digunakan dalam mengupas dan membahaskan kitab-kitab hadith yang muktabar.
Internalisasi Nilai Universal Islam dalam Dakwah di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0
Authors: Fauziah Mira , Zaini Muhammad 
Published: December 2021

The development of science and technology in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 is very rapid. Patterns of interaction and human thought patterns and even religious patterns can change. Thus, it is necessary to internalize islamic values into the soul of the Muslim community. This paper wants to study how the method of internalizing universal Islamic values into da’wah activities.AbstrakPerkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi di era revolusi industri 4.0 sangat pesat. Pola interaksi dan pola pikir manusia bahkan pola beragama pun dapat mengalami perubahan. Dengan demikian perlu dilakukan internalisasi nilai-nilai Islam dalam diri masyarakat muslim. Tulisan ini ingin mengkaji bagaimana metode internalisasi nilai-nilai universal Islam ke dalam kegiatan dakwah.
PENGARUH LIKUIDITAS DAN LEVERAGE TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS PADA PT TELKOM INDONESIA (PERSERO), TBK YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Sitanggang Friska Artaria 
Published: December 2021

Abstrak
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah : untuk mengetahui gambaran likuiditas, leverage dan profitabilitas pada PT Telkom Indonesia (Persero), Tbk yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia, serta untuk mengetahui pengaruh likuiditas dan leverage terhadap profitabilitas PT Telkom Indonesia (Persero), Tbk yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia baik secara simultan maupun parsial. Teknik analisa data yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif.
Melalui penelitian ini, akan dilakukan pengukuran tingkat leverage dengan menggunakan debt to assets ratio (DAR), tingkat likuiditas dengan menggunakan current ratio (CR), dan tingkat profitabilitas dengan menggunakan Gross Profit Margin (GPM). Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan dokumentasi, yakni memperoleh data dari laporan tahunan PT Telkom Indonesia (Persero), Tbk yang didapat dari Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2015–2019 dan situs resmi milik perusahaan. Pengolahan data menggunakan Microsoft Excel 2010 dan aplikasi SPSS Versi 26.0.
Hasil penelitian ini adalah : 1) Rata-rata current ratio sebesar 1.12 kali, rata-rata debt to assets ratio sebesar 0,44 kali, dan rata-rata gross profit margin sebesar 0,33 kali. 2) Hasil regresi linier berganda, yaitu Ŷ= 0,500 + 0,028 X1– 0,447 X2, dimana likuiditas berpengaruh positif namun tidak signifikan terhadap profitabilitas sementara leverage berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap profitabilitas pada PT Telkom Indonesia (Persero), Tbk yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2015-2019. 3) Hasil analisis koefisien korelasi menyatakan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang kuat antara likuiditas dan leverage terhadap profitabilitas pada PT Telkom Indonesia (Persero), Tbk.
Kata kunci: Leverage, Likuiditas, dan Profitabilitas
PENGARUH KOORDINASI TERHADAP KINERJA DENGAN KEPUASAN SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING (The Effect of Coordination on Performance With Satisfaction as InterveningVariable)
Authors: Nainggolan Marsinta Uli , Johannes Johannes , Rosita Sry 
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh koordinasi terhadap kinerja dengan kepuasan sebagai intervening pada Kantor Pertanahan Kota Jambi (KPKJ). Penelitian dilakukan dengan rancangan penelitian survey terhadap 80 orang pegawai di KPKJ dengan menggunakan jenis data melalui pendekatan kuantitatif, dan dengan alat analisis SmartPLS 3.0. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa koordinasi secara parsial dapat mempengaruhi kepuasan maupun kinerja pegawai KPKJ. Ini artinya jika koordinasi kerja meningkat maka kepuasan maupun kinerja pegawai KPKJ juga meningkat. Namun kepuasan secara parsial tidak mempengaruhi kinerja pegawai KPKJ, sehingga diartikan bahwa peningkatan kepuasan kerja pegawai tidak mempengaruhi peningkatan kinerja KPKJ. Demikian pula koordinasi melalui kepuasan tidak mempengaruhi kinerja pegawai, yang berarti bahwa kepuasan kerja pegawai tidak memiliki peran dalam memediasi koordinasi dan kinerja pegawai KPKJ. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disarankan agar pegawai KPKJ tetap membangun kebiasaan kerja melalui koordinasi kerja mengingat perannya yang signifikan
LAYANAN PURNA JUAL DALAM MEMBENTUK WOM (WORD OF MOUTH) PADA DAYA MOTOR CABANG PAYO SELINCAH KOTA JAMBI
Authors: Bhayangkari Sylvia Kartika Wulan , Widiastuti Fitri 
Published: December 2021

Abstract.
This study was aimed to find out how the influence of After Sales Service in forming WOM (Word of Mouth). It was an explanatory research with quantitative approach. One hundred sample respondents were set by using conveinience sampling technique where the respondents were consumers of Daya Motor, Branch Payo Selincah in Kota Jambi. Data were analyzed descriptively and quantitatively. Quantitative analysis was performed by simple regression analysis. Results of descriptive analysis on consumers perception showed that sub variable reparation performed very well, while two others only performed well. Based on regression analysis, a model that explained relationship between after-sales service and WOM was meaningful. In other words, after sales services performed by Daya Motor encouraged consumers to do WOM.

Key words: After Sales Service, WOM, Consumer.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI ALIH FUNGSI LAHAN DI KABUPATEN TANJUNG JABUNG TIMUR-INDONESIA
Authors: Murdy Saad , Nainggolan Saidin 
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi petani melakukan konversi lahan sawah menjadi perkebunan sawit. Daerah penelitian Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur dengan daerah sampel Kecamatan Geragai yang diambil secara purposive. Ukuran sampel sebanyak 90 petani dan metode penarikan sampel secara snowball Metode analisis menggunakan model analisis logistic binary logit. Dari hasil analisis dapat disimpulkan bahwa Rendahnya produktivitas padi mendorong petani melakukan konversi lahan sawah secara nyata , Petani lahan luas melakukan konversi lahan secara signifikan. Petani yang mempunyai pengalaman baik tentang aspek teknis, lingkungan, dan ekonomi melakukan konversi lahan sawahnya secara signifikan, Penguatan motif ekonomi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan petani untuk melakukan konversi lahan sawahnya . Petani yang mempunyai sumber pendapatan dari off farm dan non farm berpengaruh terhadap keputusan petani untuk melakukan konversi lahan secara signifikan. Pelemahan kondisi aspek lingkungan memperkuat keputusan petani melakukan konversi lahan secara signifikan. Kondisi aspek teknis yang tidak mendukung usahatani padi mendorong petani melakukan konversi lahan secara signifikan. Untuk mengatasi konversi lahan yang semakin luas diperlukan usaha-usaha memperbaiki aspek lingkungan lahan sawah, aspek teknis dan mengubah pandangan motif ekonomi di kalangan petani. Penguatan ini diharapkan akan meningkatkan produktivitas padi yang lebih menguntungkan setara dengan perkebunan sawit.
Analisis Kompetensi Sosial Guru Kelas Vb Sdn 001 Pasar Lubuk Jambi Kab. Kuantan Singingi
Authors: Julita Vita , Dafit Febrina 
Published: December 2021

Kompetensi guru salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi tercapainnya tujuan pembelajaran dan pendidikan di sekolah, guru harus memiliki kompetensi yang akan digunakan di dalam mengajar di sekolah salah satunya kompetensi sosial guru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kompetensi sosial guru kelas VB. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Subjek data pada penelitian ini adalah 1 guru kelas VB , kepala sekolah, 2 rekan guru dan 2 siswa kelas VB. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data mengunakan model milles and Huberman dengan tahapan, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kompetensi guru kelas VB sudah kategori sangat baik dan sesuai dengan komponen kompetensi sosial seorang guru yaitu (1) Bersikap inklusif, bertindak objektif, serta tidak diskriminatif karena pertimbangan jenis kelamin, agama, ras, kondisi fisik, latar belakang keluarga dan status sosial ekonomi. (2) Berkomunikasi secara efektif, empatik, dan santun dengan sesama pendidik, tenaga kependidikan, orang tua, dan masyarakat. (3) Beradaptasi di tempat bertugas di seluruh wilayah republik Indonesia yang memiliki keragaman sosial budaya. (4) Bersosial dengan komunitas profesi sendiri dan profesi lain secara lisan maupun tulisan atau bentuk lain. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah guru kelas VB sudah memiliki kompetensi yang sangat baik dan sesuai dengan indikator kompetensi sosial Permendiknas No 16 Tahun 2007 tentang standar kualifikasi akademik dan kompetensi guru.