bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Professional development to support principals' vision of science instruction: Building from their prior experiences to support the science practices
Authors: McNeill Katherine L. , Lowenhaupt Rebecca , Cherbow Kevin , Lowell Benjamin R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe implementation of science reform must be viewed as a systems‐level problem and not just focus on resources for teachers and students. High‐capacity instructional leadership is essential for supporting classroom science instruction. Recent reform efforts include a shift from learning about science facts to figuring out scientific phenomena in which students use science practices as they build and apply disciplinary core ideas. We report findings from a research study on professional development (PD) to support instructional leaders' learning about the science practices. After participating in the PD, the instructional leaders' familiarity with and leadership content knowledge of the science practices significantly improved. Initially, principals used their understandings from other disciplines and content neutral visions of classrooms to make sense of science instruction. For example, they initially used their understandings of models and argument from ELA and math to make sense of science classroom instruction. Furthermore, some principals focused on content neutral strategies, like a clear objective. Over the course of the PD workshops, principals took up the language of the science practices in more nuanced and sophisticated ways. Principals' use of the language of the science practices became more frequent and shifted from identifying or defining them to considering quality and implementation in science classrooms. As we design tools to support science, we need to consider instructional leaders as important stakeholders and develop resources to specifically meet their needs. If the science feels too unfamiliar or intimidating, principals may avoid or reframe science reform efforts. Consequently, it is important to leverage instructional leaders' resources from other disciplines and content neutral strategies as bridges for building understanding in science. We argue that the science practices are one potential lever to engage in this work and shift instructional leaders' understandings of science instruction.
Producing fit‐for‐purpose water and recovering resources from various sources: An overview
Authors: Jegatheesan Veeriah , Shu Li , Jegatheesan Leonardo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNatural resources, except wind power and solar energy, are depleting, and therefore it is essential to develop and implement best management practices wherever possible. With respect to water, integrated water management is essential to preserve the fresh water for many generations to come. Producing fit‐for‐purpose water from various sources such as rainwater, wastewater, seawater/brackish water, and stormwater will contribute greatly to conserve the fresh water. By looking at a few wastewater streams, such as domestic wastewater and wastewaters from industries such as textile, aquaculture, mining, meat processing, carwash, and agriculture, generated all over the world informs us that quantifying them and characterizing their qualities are important to understand many aspects. The increase or decrease in consumption and technologies implemented (or need to be implemented) for water and energy savings, recovery of energy and resources from concentrates and other wastes (such as wastewater sludge, agricultural and food wastes) to reduce, reuse, recycle, and recover materials and energy will give clear direction that should be taken in research and development and implementation of technologies for sustainable living.
Pathological and sonographic review of early isolated severe lower urinary tract obstruction and implications for prenatal treatment
Authors: Vinit N. , Bessières B. , Spaggiari E. , Heidet L. , Gubler M.‐C. , Dreux S. , Attie‐Bitach T. , Blanc T. , Ville Y. ,   Collaborators
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo identify favorable renal histology in fetuses with early severe lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO) and determine the best timing and selection criteria for prenatal surgery.MethodsThis multicenter, retrospective study included male fetuses with severe LUTO which died before 24 weeks of gestation during the period January 2000 to December 2018. Age‐matched controls were used as reference standard for renal histology. Prenatal ultrasound features and fetal serum and/or urine β2microglobulin level were retrieved and kidney histology slides (hematein‐eosin‐safran and α‐smooth‐muscle‐actin (αSMA) immunostaining) were prepared and reviewed. αSMA‐positive staining of the blastema is due to its aberrant differentiation into myofibroblastic cells. Cases were sorted into histopathologic groups (favorable or unfavorable) according to the blastema's morphology and αSMA labeling and the data of these groups were compared.ResultsIncluded in the study were 74 fetuses with a median gestational age at outcome of 17 + 6 (range, 13 + 0 to 23 + 5) weeks. Parenchymal organization was preserved in 48% of the kidneys. A blastema was present in 90% of the kidneys, but it was morphologically normal in only 9% and αSMA‐negative in only 1% of them. Most (82%) fetuses had an unfavorable prognosis, and 36% of fetuses died ≤ 18 weeks and had severe renal lesions detected on histology (early unfavorable prognosis). A favorable renal prognosis was associated with an earlier gestational age (P = 0.001). Fetuses with LUTO had a significantly lower number of mature glomeruli (P < 0.001) compared with controls. However, there was no significant difference in the number of glomeruli generations between the early‐unfavorable‐prognosis group (≤ 18 weeks) and the group with a favorable prognosis (P = 0.19). A comparison of prenatal ultrasound features and biochemical markers between groups could not identify any prenatal selection criteria.ConclusionsBefore 18 weeks, around 30% of fetuses with severe LUTO still have potential for kidney development. Identification of these cases would enable them to be targeted for prenatal therapy. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Structural neuroimaging of the altered brain stemming from pediatric and adolescent hearing loss—Scientific and clinical challenges
Authors: Ratnanather J. Tilak 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThere has been a spurt in structural neuroimaging studies of the effect of hearing loss on the brain. Specifically, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) technologies provide an opportunity to quantify changes in gray and white matter structures at the macroscopic scale. To date, there have been 32 MRI and 23 DTI studies that have analyzed structural differences accruing from pre‐ or peri‐lingual pediatric hearing loss with congenital or early onset etiology and postlingual hearing loss in pre‐to‐late adolescence. Additionally, there have been 15 prospective clinical structural neuroimaging studies of children and adolescents being evaluated for cochlear implants. The results of the 70 studies are summarized in two figures and three tables. Plastic changes in the brain are seen to be multifocal rather than diffuse, that is, differences are consistent across regions implicated in the hearing, speech and language networks regardless of modes of communication and amplification. Structures in that play an important role in cognition are affected to a lesser extent. A limitation of these studies is the emphasis on volumetric measures and on homogeneous groups of subjects with hearing loss. It is suggested that additional measures of morphometry and connectivity could contribute to a greater understanding of the effect of hearing loss on the brain. Then an interpretation of the observed macroscopic structural differences is given. This is followed by discussion of how structural imaging can be combined with functional imaging to provide biomarkers for longitudinal tracking of amplification.This article is categorized under:

Developmental Biology > Developmental Processes in Health and Disease
Translational, Genomic, and Systems Medicine > Translational Medicine
Laboratory Methods and Technologies > Imaging
Electrochemical studies of iron(II) complexeswith 4‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole possessing spin crossover
Authors: Kokovkin Vasily V. , Kal'nyi Danila B. , Korotaev Evgenii V. , Shakirova Olga G. , Lavrenova Ludmila G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe electrochemical properties of a number of coordination compounds of iron(II) with 4‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole (NH2trz), which have a sharp thermally induced spin crossover with hysteresis on the temperature curves of the effective magnetic moment dependence, were studied using method cyclic voltammetry (CV) at 298 K. The complexes were mixed with carbon powder and silicon oil and included in the paste electrode. The measurements were made in solutions of 0.10 M KNO3. It was found that the area 0.5–0.6 V and 0.3–0.4 V contains the anode and cathode current peaks of freshly prepared paste electrodes. In all cases, the redox process in the paste is quasi‐reversible. At the same molar concentration of complexes in the paste (0.1 mol kg−1), a number of current peaks depends on the nature of the anion. The peak current value correlates with the calculated fraction of the high spin form in the solid phase of the complex and the temperature of the direct spin crossover (when heated, Tc↑). The magnetic properties of Fe(NH2trz)3(NO3)2 complex, its mixture with carbon powder and the paste were measured by Faraday method in a temperature range 80–370 K. The effective magnetic moment was depended on changes in variations in the environment of the molecules of the complex in the studied samples.
Synthesis and characterisation of the quaternary cyanamide Li2MgSn2(NCN)6
Authors: Qiao Xianji , Corkett Alex J. , Stoffel Ralf P. , Dronskowski Richard 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe quaternary cyanamide Li2MgSn2(NCN)6 was prepared by a solid‐state metathesis reaction between Li2NCN, MgF2, and SnF4. Its trigonal structure was determined from powder X‐ray diffraction data to be isotypic to that of Li2MnSn2(NCN)6 with P
m symmetry. The new phase is well thought of as being derived from a [NiAs]‐type MNCN structure with Sn2(NCN)32+ corundum‐like layers alternating with Li2Zr(NCN)3‐like Li2Mg(NCN)32− layers. Structural anomalies in the shape of the cyanamide units are addressed via PXRD, IR spectroscopy as well as density‐functional theory, all of them suggesting the presence of N≡C−N2− cyanamide units.
Aesthetic Practice as Critique: The Suspension of Judgment and the Invention of New Possibilities of Perception, Thinking, and Action
Authors: Zahn Manuel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFrom the perspective of media education theory and aesthetic education, this article discusses some considerations of aesthetic practice as media-critical practice. Media-critical practice is described as a reflexive-transformative practice with and in media and no longer as a distanced, self-reflexive and rational critique of media or media use. It first shows that in this perspective, subjects no longer (only) intentionally deal with media, but first and foremost become subjects in relation to medial apparatuses. In a second step I shall relate to contemporary artists of the so-called post-internet art. Their aesthetic practices have the potential to criticize (to question, reflect, or subvert) the entanglement of human beings into contemporary media-cultural environments.
What Is the Poor Image Rich in?
Authors: Schmidt Helena 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis chapter examines the concept of the poor image in relation to a contemporary, critical art education. Coined by Hito Steyerl in 2009, the term describes digital, sometimes poorly resolved image copies, which are proliferating on the internet, often deprived of any context or image information. These new visual forms are accompanied by a shift in the way images are used and reflected, which in turn is central to post-internet art education. The article examines the term poor image and, in a second step, situates it in a contemporary teaching practice. In doing so, the author investigates its performative potential and speculates on how pictorial poorness may lead to pedagogical richness.
Educating Things: Art Education Beyond the Individual in the Post-Digital
Authors: Hahn Annemarie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCurrent digital infrastructures have not only profoundly changed the way people communicate with each other, but also the material conditions in which people relate to other people, people relate to things, and also things relate to things. These emerging alliances have an impact on relationships between human and non-human actors, and thus also on concepts of individual subjectivity. In the field of art, with neo-materialistic theoretical approaches, a new relationship can be observed between the artist-subject and the art-artifacts, which places the materials in the focus of the dissonance. This displacement is to the disadvantage of the individual artist-subject. In this chapter, these theoretical considerations are exemplified by an examination of the relations between people and things in the exhibition “Co-Workers - Network as Artist” at the MAM in Paris (2015/16). The exhibition is particularly interesting because of its understanding of digital materiality.
Post-internet Verfremdung
Authors: Björk Helena 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe ease of uploading images on Instagram has meant that a whole generation grows up paying closer attention to visual language. At the same time, Instagram and other social media have come to dominate visual culture to the extent that we need to make an effort to unlearn what they have taught us. Here the internet is seen not only as a vital part of visual culture but also as a site of learning. This chapter presents a school assignment as a possible approach to online visual culture. By creating Instagram fiction, we can understand how social media operate both visually and socially. Parody and estrangement, or the Brechtian Verfremdungseffekt, are examples offered to examine a phenomenon and activate critical thinking.
Post-Internet Art and Pre-Internet Art Education
Authors: Sweeny Robert W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPost-Internet art represents a challenge to previous artistic concepts that tended to view the utilization of networked digital technologies as either the fulfillment of utopian fantasies of ego destruction, or the dystopian realization of a posthuman nightmare. Post-Internet art oscillates between these two extremes, making use of numerous interrelated networks that are decentralized in nature. Formal schooling is generally centralized, and art education tends to operate in a similar manner within this system, regardless of attempts to substantially change the structure of the field. A comparison of these two different systems might offer art educators opportunities to rethink practices that have been virtually unaffected by decentralization.
Bodies of Images: Art Education After the Internet
Authors: Schütze Konstanze 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis chapter explores a series of thought experiments for an investigation of what one casually calls the image. In this endeavor, images will be rendered as bodies compiled from versions of themselves (bodies of images), explored embedded in dissemination processes (memeplexes), and hence contoured as highly effective structures with sophisticated potential for transformation (image objects). Basing on three major theoretical concepts (meme theory, object-oriented ontology, and network effects), this re-interrogation of the image is the suggestion of a reading of images as entities that actively, or inactively, form structural assemblages and maintain energetic human and non-human constellations which shape the present. At the close of the exploration, a professional habitus is sketched in which art educators are experts for image relations.
COVID-19-Betroffenheit in der vollstationären Langzeitpflege
Authors: Kohl Raphael , Jürchott Kathrin , Hering Christian , Gangnus Annabell , Kuhlmey Adelheid , Schwinger Antje 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Corona-Pandemie deckt die Schwächen des stationären Pflegesystems – schon vor der Pandemie waren diese abzusehen – nun schonungslos auf. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeichnet basierend auf Abrechnungsdaten der AOK-Pflege- und Krankenkassen ein Abbild dieser Krisensituation für die erste Pandemiewelle von März bis Mai 2020. Aufgezeigt wird die Sterblichkeit von vollstationär Pflegebedürftigen, die in der 15. Kalenderwoche 20 % höher als im Mittel der Vorjahre lag und dann bis zur 20. Kalenderwoche wieder auf den Durchschnitt der Vorjahre abfiel. Mit Blick auf COVID-Erkrankte entfiel jeder fünfte COVID-Krankenhausaufenthalt und fast jeder dritte COVID-Todesfall im Krankenhaus auf einen vollstationär versorgten Pflegebedürftigen. Die Ergebnisse zum massiven Rückgang der Krankenhausaufnahmen von Pflegebedürftigen aus den Heimen zwischen der 10. und 12. Kalenderwoche des Jahres 2020 um rund ein Drittel werfen zudem ein erstes Schlaglicht auf mögliche sekundäre Folgen für die Gesundheitsversorgung während der ersten Pandemiewelle. Der Beitrag legt damit erste Befunde aus dem Kontext des durch den Spitzenverband der Gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung (GKV-SV) geförderten Forschungsprojektes Covid-Heim vor, das von der Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin in Kooperation mit dem Wissenschaftlichem Institut der AOK (WIdO) durchgeführt wird. Ziel des Projektes ist eine möglichst umfassende Beschreibung der Situation der Heimbewohnerinnen und -bewohner, ihrer Angehörigen und der Pflegekräfte, um so eine belastbare Evidenz für Veränderungen im Versorgungssetting der stationären Langzeitpflege zu erhalten.
Wachstumsmarkt Pflege
Authors: Heger Dörte 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Alterung der Gesellschaft lässt die Anzahl pflegebedürftiger Menschen weiter steigen. Gleichzeitig wird das Potenzial der Angehörigenpflege zurückgehen, sodass verstärkt auf professionelle Pflegeangebote zurückgegriffen werden muss. Der Pflegemarkt ist und bleibt somit ein Wachstumsmarkt. Die Herausforderung wird es sein, die nötigen personellen und finanziellen Ressourcen zu gewinnen, um das Angebot entsprechend auszuweiten. Die Unternehmen tun daher gut daran, sich für Arbeitskräfte und Kapitalgeber attraktiv aufzustellen. Damit Pflege bezahlbar bleibt, sollte die Politik Planungssicherheit gewährleisten und unternehmerisches Handeln fördern. Parallel können Maßnahmen, welche die Pflegebedürftigkeit verzögern und vermeiden, den Anstieg der Nachfrage nach Pflege abschwächen und die Lebensqualität älterer Menschen steigern.
Beruflich Pflegende – Engpass oder Treiber von Veränderungen?
Authors: Stemmer Renate 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag diskutiert die Rolle der beruflich Pflegenden in den sich verändernden Angebotsstrukturen im Zuständigkeitsbereich des SGB XI. Diese wird beeinflusst durch deren Arbeitssituation, Qualifikation und die zugewiesenen Handlungsspielräume. Die Engpasssituation ist unbestritten. Empirisch belegt ist ein erheblicher Mangel an Pflegepersonen im Zusammenhang mit gravierenden Mängeln der Arbeitsqualität. Diese betreffen die Bezahlung, die vertragliche Beschäftigungssituation, eine unzureichende Balance zwischen Arbeit und Leben, ein hohes Arbeitsaufkommen, unzureichende Karrieremöglichkeiten und geringe Mitarbeiterrepräsentation. Inwieweit die Bemühungen, den Personalmangel über eine Erhöhung des Anteils an Assistenzpersonen zu verringern, zielführend auch im Sinne ausreichender Pflege- und Versorgungsqualität sind, ist offen. Sorge bereitet das unklare Potenzial der Assistenzpersonen angesichts äußerst heterogener länderspezifischer Qualifizierungsangebote ebenso wie die voraussichtlich eher geringen Delegationskompetenzen der zukünftigen Pflegefachpersonen. Unverständlich ist auch, dass die hochschulisch qualifizierten Pflegenden in den Überlegungen zur bewohnernahen Versorgung bislang keine Rolle spielen.Die in der Pflege Tätigen können dann zum Treiber von Veränderungen werden, wenn ihr Potential qualifikations- und aufgabenbezogen genutzt wird. Dies setzt zwingend die Integration der beruflich Pflegenden mit hochschulischer Qualifikation auf der Bachelor- und der Masterebene in der bewohnernahen Pflege und Versorgung voraus. Bedingung ist ebenfalls eine deutliche Verbesserung der Arbeitsbedingungen sowie eine Stärkung der politischen Einflussnahmemöglichkeiten.
Regionale Sicherstellung der Pflegeversorgung
Authors: Greß Stefan , Jacobs Klaus 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungHeute sind die Länder verantwortlich für die Vorhaltung einer „leistungsfähigen, zahlenmäßig ausreichenden und wirtschaftlichen pflegerischen Versorgungsstruktur“, den Pflegekassen hingegen obliegt der individuelle Sicherstellungsauftrag, d. h., sie haben eine bedarfsgerechte Versorgung der Versicherten zu gewährleisten. Die Friktionen, die aus dieser Regelung resultieren, werden herausgearbeitet sowie potentielle Neuordnungen mit Blick auf die Verantwortlichkeiten diskutiert. Diese bestehen in der Entwicklung und verpflichtenden Anwendung einer Bedarfsplanung für die pflegerische Versorgung, in der gezielten Förderung von Versorgungsangeboten durch die Länder oder über die Versorgungsverträge der Pflegekassen und in einer deutlich verbindlicheren Kooperation der für Gewährleistung bedarfsgerechter Pflegeangebote zentralen Akteure.
Status quo der Senioren- und Pflegeplanung und Hand-lungsempfehlungen für Kommunen
Authors: Braeseke Grit , Naegele Gerhard , Engelmann Freja 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDie im § 9 SGB XI bundesgesetzlich vorgegebene Verantwortung der Bundesländer für die Vorhaltung einer leistungsfähigen pflegerischen Versorgungsstruktur wird in den Ländern unterschiedlich in die Praxis umgesetzt. Zum einen erfolgt die Pflegeplanung auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen (teilweise auf Länder- und teilweise auf Kreisebene). Zum anderen variieren die Planungsinhalte und -verfahren stark. Nach einer kurzen Übersicht zu den gesetzlichen Regelungen der Bundesländer wird das Spektrum der Handlungsfelder von Pflegeplanungen auf Länder- und Kreisebene beschrieben. Anhand von vier konkreten Planungskonzepten werden anschließend die genutzten Indikatoren vorgestellt. Abschließend finden sich Handlungsempfehlungen zum konkreten Vorgehen bei der Senioren- und Pflegeplanung für die Stadt- und Landkreise.
Ausgezeichnete Quartiersarbeit – Modelle für die Vernetzung von Pflege und bürgerschaftlichem Engagement
Authors: Wehrbein Heike , Hanemann Melanie 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungUm ein selbstbestimmtes Leben auch bei Unterstützungsbedarf führen zu können, braucht es förderliche Bedingungen vor Ort – insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund sich verändernder Familienstrukturen und fehlender Fachkräfte in der Pflege. Diese Bedingungen kleinräumig und bedarfsgerecht aufzubauen ist das Ziel von Quartiersprojekten. Akteure in Städten und Dörfern müssen dabei einen Umgang mit sehr unterschiedlichen Voraussetzungen finden. Wie gut das gelingen kann und wie viel sich durch Vernetzung erreichen lässt, zeigen die hier porträtierten Praxisbeispiele. Es sind die fünf besten Kandidaten einer bundesweiten Ausschreibung für den „Pflegeinnovationspreis der Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe 2020“.
Pflegebedürftigkeit in Deutschland
Authors: Matzk Sören , Tsiasioti Chrysanthi , Behrendt Susann , Jürchott Kathrin , Schwinger Antje 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag liefert ein ausführliches Bild zum Stand der Pflegebedürftigkeit und der gesundheitlichen Versorgung der Pflegebedürftigen in Deutschland. Die Analysen basieren auf GKVstandardisierten AOK-Daten. Sie zeigen Prävalenz, Verläufe und Versorgungsformen der Pflege sowie Kennzahlen zur gesundheitlichen Versorgung der Pflegebedürftigen. Im Fokus stehen die Inanspruchnahme von ärztlichen und stationären Leistungen, Polymedikation und Verordnungen von PRISCUS-Wirkstoffen und Psychopharmaka. Die Ergebnisse werden der Versorgung der Nicht-Pflegebedürftigen gleichen Alters gegenübergestellt und differenziert nach Schwere der Pflegebedürftigkeit und Versorgungssetting ausgewiesen.