bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statin treatment and LDL-cholesterol treatment goal attainment among individuals with familial hypercholesterolaemia in primary care
Authors: Iyen Barbara , Akyea Ralph K , Weng Stephen , Kai Joe , Qureshi Nadeem 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesGuidance recommends statin treatment in familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) to achieve at least a 50% reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). We assessed statin prescribing rates and LDL-C treatment goal attainment among individuals with FH in primary care.MethodsUsing primary care electronic health records from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink, we identified adults with recorded diagnosis of FH, statin treatment and measures of LDL-C prior to (baseline) and 12 months after initiating statin treatment. The percentage change in LDL-C was determined, and then baseline and treatment characteristics were assessed by LDL-C treatment goal attainment.ResultsOf 3064 adults (mean age 50.8 years) with recorded diagnosis of FH and repeat LDL-C measures, 50% reduction in LDL-C from baseline was attained in 895 individuals (29.2%) in 12 months. Compared with those who did not attain this goal, these people were predominantly women; they were older at time of FH diagnosis (53.4 years vs 49.7 years) and first statin treatment (53.2 years vs 49.2 years) and had higher pretreatment total cholesterol (8.20 (SD 1.38) mmol/L vs 7.57 (SD 1.39) mmol/L) and pretreatment LDL-C (5.83 (SD 1.36) mmol/L vs 5.25 (SD 1.40) mmol/L). A higher proportion of individuals who attained the treatment goal was prescribed high-potency and medium-potency statins (24.3% and 71.7% vs 20.2% and 69.3%, respectively).ConclusionsLess than a third of individuals on statin treatment for FH in the community achieve recommended reductions in LDL-C. Greater awareness and optimisation of treatment for FH using higher-potency statins are needed.
The N = 1 super Heisenberg–Virasoro vertex algebra at level zero
Authors: Adamović Dražen , Jandrić Berislav , Radobolja Gordan 
Published: October 2021

We study the representation theory of the [Formula: see text] super Heisenberg–Virasoro vertex algebra at level zero, which extends the previous work on the Heisenberg–Virasoro vertex algebra [D. Adamović and G. Radobolja, Free field realization of the twisted Heisenberg–Virasoro algebra at level zero and its applications, J. Pure Appl. Algebra 219(10) (2015) 4322–4342; D. Adamović and G. Radobolja, Self-dual and logarithmic representations of the twisted Heisenberg–Virasoro algebra at level zero, Commun. Contemp. Math. 21(2) (2019) 1850008; Y. Billig, Representations of the twisted Heisenberg–Virasoro algebra at level zero, Can. Math. Bull. 46(4) (2003) 529–537] to the super case. We calculated all characters of irreducible highest weight representations by investigating certain Fock space representations. Quite surprisingly, we found that the maximal submodules of certain Verma modules are generated by subsingular vectors. The formulas for singular and subsingular vectors are obtained using screening operators appearing in a study of certain logarithmic vertex algebras [D. Adamović and A. Milas, On W-algebras associated to (2, [Formula: see text]) minimal models and their representations, Int. Math. Res. Notices 2010(20) (2010) 3896–3934].
Rings with xn + x or xn − x nilpotent
Authors: Abyzov Adel N. , Danchev Peter V. , Tapkin Daniel T. 
Published: October 2021

Let [Formula: see text] be a ring and let [Formula: see text] be an arbitrary but fixed positive integer. We characterize those rings [Formula: see text] whose elements [Formula: see text] satisfy at least one of the relations that [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] is a nilpotent whenever [Formula: see text]. This extends results from the same branch obtained by Danchev [A characterization of weakly J(n)-rings, J. Math. Appl. 41 (2018) 53–61], Koşan et al. [Rings with [Formula: see text] nilpotent, J. Algebra Appl. 19 (2020)] and Abyzov and Tapkin [On rings with [Formula: see text] nilpotent, J. Algebra Appl. 21 (2022)], respectively.
The Effectiveness of Cochlear Implantation for Children of Hereditary Deafness: A Multicenter Retrospective Study
Authors: Liu Yongzhi , Li Yelin , Zhao Yuanyuan , Ao Liying , Wen Yuting , Ding Haitao 
Published: October 2021

Aim. To study the effectiveness of cochlear implantation in deaf children with gene mutation. Method. 420 children from three medical centers with cochlear implants were selected. Before wearing the cochlear implant and 6 months after wearing the cochlear implant, the children’s rehabilitation efficacy was evaluated through categories of auditory performance (CAP) and speech intelligibility rating (SIR). The SSF-MCDI and MUSS before and after the treatment were also compared. Results. The CAP and SIR scores of the children after the intervention were higher than those before the intervention (

P

< 0.05). Univariate analysis found that the age of cochlear implantation, parents’ education level, and monthly family income were all influencing factors of the CAP score of children with prelingual cochlear implantation (

P

< 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis shows that the age of cochlear implantation <5 years, parents’ education level, and monthly household income are all independent risks of CAP scores in children with prelingual deaf cochlear implantation. Univariate analysis found that the age of cochlear implantation, parents’ education level, and monthly household income are all based on the SIR scores of children with prelingual cochlear implantation. Multivariate logistic regression analysis can be obtained: the age of cochlear implantation less than 5 years, the education level of parents, and the monthly family income are independent risk factors for SIR scores in children with prelingual deaf cochlear implantation (

P

< 0.05). Conclusion. The rehabilitation effect of cochlear implants is significant, and the age of cochlear implantation, parents’ education level, and monthly family income are all related factors that affect the rehabilitation effect.
In Vitro Biofilm Formation on Aryl Ketone Polymer (AKP), A New Denture Material, Compared with That on Three Traditional Dental Denture Materials
Authors: Martin Cadie , Purevdorj-Gage Laura , Li Wei , Shary Timothy J. , Yang Bin , Murphy Ryan J. , Wu Christine D. 
Published: October 2021

Control of denture plaque biofilms is a practical approach to preventing persistent oral infections such as denture stomatitis. Objectives. This study compared in vitro biofilm attachment and growth on a new denture material, Ultaire® AKP, with that on traditional denture materials including cobalt chrome (CoCr), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and polyoxymethylene (POM). Methods. Microbial biofilms were grown with cultures of Candida albicans, Streptococcus mutans UA159, or a mixed Streptococcus spp. (S. mutans 700610/Streptococcus sanguinis BAA-1455) for 6 hours in a static protocol or 24 hours in a dynamic protocol for each material. Adherent biofilm cells were removed, and viable colony-forming units (CFUs) were enumerated. Confocal microscopy of the 24-hour Streptococcus spp. biofilms was used to determine biofilm mass and roughness coefficients. Results. The rank order of C. albicans attachment after 6 hours was CoCr > PMMA

∗

> Ultaire® AKP

∗

(

∗

vs CoCr,

p
≤
0.05

), and that for 24-hour biofilm growth was CoCr > Ultaire® AKP

∗

> PMMA

∗

(

∗

vs CoCr,

p
≤
0.05

). The rank order of S. mutans biofilm attachment was CoCr > POM > Ultaire® AKP

∗

> PMMA

∗

(

∗

vs CoCr,

p
≤
0.05

), and that for the 24-hour Streptococcus spp. biofilm growth was POM > Ultaire® AKP > PMMA > CoCr

∗

(

∗

vs POM,

p
≤
0.05

). Confocal images revealed structural differences in Streptococcus spp. biofilms on CoCr compared with the other test materials. Significantly lower roughness coefficients of Streptococcus spp. biofilms on Ultaire® AKP were noted, suggesting that these biofilms were less differentiated. Ultaire® AKP promoted significantly less C. albicans and S. mutans biofilm attachment than CoCr at 6 hours and C. albicans growth at 24 hours. Streptococcus spp. biofilms on Ultaire® AKP were less differentiated than those on other test materials. Conclusion. In addition to its material strength, Ultaire® AKP represents an attractive option for denture material in removable partial dentures.
Vertex-Based Topological Indices of Double and Strong Double Graph of Dutch Windmill Graph
Authors: Ali Muhammad Asad , Sardar Muhammad Shoaib , Siddique Imran , Alrowaili Dalal 
Published: October 2021

A measurement of the molecular topology of graphs is known as a topological index, and several physical and chemical properties such as heat formation, boiling point, vaporization, enthalpy, and entropy are used to characterize them. Graph theory is useful in evaluating the relationship between various topological indices of some graphs derived by applying certain graph operations. Graph operations play an important role in many applications of graph theory because many big graphs can be obtained from small graphs. Here, we discuss two graph operations, i.e., double graph and strong double graph. In this article, we will compute the topological indices such as geometric arithmetic index

GA

, atom bond connectivity index

ABC

, forgotten index

F

, inverse sum indeg index

ISI

, general inverse sum indeg index

ISI

α
,
β

, first multiplicative-Zagreb index

PM

1

and second multiplicative-Zagreb index

PM

2

, fifth geometric arithmetic index

GA

5

, fourth atom bond connectivity index

ABC

4

of double graph, and strong double graph of Dutch Windmill graph

D
3
p

.
Circ0008399 Interaction with WTAP Promotes Assembly and Activity of the m6A Methyltransferase Complex and Promotes Cisplatin Resistance in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Wei Wenjie , Sun Jiayin , Zhang Hui , Xiao Xingyuan , Huang Chao , Wang Liang , Zhong He , Jiang Yangkai , Zhang Xiaoping , Jiang Guosong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Cisplatin (CDDP)-based chemotherapy is the first-line treatment for muscle-invasive and metastatic bladder cancer, yet most patients rapidly develop resistance. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation is a pervasive RNA modification, and its specific role and potential mechanism in the regulation of CDDP chemosensitivity in bladder cancer remain unclear. Furthermore, studies have not yet fully elucidated whether circular RNA (circRNA) can directly regulate m6A modification of mRNA. Here we report upregulation of a novel circRNA, hsa_circ_0008399 (circ0008399), by eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A3 (EIF4A3) in bladder cancer tissues and cell lines. Functionally, circ0008399 inhibited apoptosis of bladder cancer cells. Mechanistically, circ0008399 bound Wilms' tumor 1–associating protein (WTAP) to promote formation of the WTAP/METTL3/METTL14 m6A methyltransferase complex. Circ0008399 increased expression of TNF alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) by increasing its mRNA stability in an m6A-dependent manner. In patients with bladder cancer, high expression of circ0008399 and WTAP was associated with poor outcomes. Importantly, activation of the circ0008399/WTAP/TNFAIP3 pathway decreased bladder cancer chemosensitivity to CDDP, and targeting the circ0008399/WTAP/TNFAIP3 axis enhanced the CDDP efficacy. Collectively, these findings give novel insights into circRNA-mediated regulation of m6A modifications and provide potential therapeutic targets for bladder cancer.

Significance:
A newly characterized circRNA circ0008399 binds WTAP to modulate expression of target RNA through m6A modification and reduce cisplatin sensitivity in bladder cancer, implicating the potential therapeutic value of targeting this axis.
Clinically Tractable Outcome Prediction of Non-WNT/Non-SHH Medulloblastoma Based on TPD52 IHC in a Multicohort Study
Authors: Delaidelli Alberto , Dunham Christopher , Santi Mariarita , Negri Gian Luca , Triscott Joanna , Zheludkova Olga , Golanov Andrey , Ryzhova Marina , Okonechnikov Konstantin , Schrimpf Daniel , Stichel Damian , Ellison David W. , von Deimling Andreas , Kool Marcel , Pfister Stefan M. , Ramaswamy Vijay , Korshunov Andrey , Taylor Michael D. , Sorensen Poul H. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
International consensus and the 2021 WHO classification recognize eight molecular subgroups among non-WNT/non-SHH (Group 3/4) medulloblastoma, representing approximately 60% of tumors. However, very few clinical centers worldwide possess the technical capabilities to determine DNA methylation profiles or other molecular parameters of high risk for group 3/4 tumors. As a result, biomarker-driven risk stratification and therapy assignment constitutes a major challenge in medulloblastoma research. Here, we identify an IHC marker as a clinically tractable method for improved medulloblastoma risk stratification.

Experimental Design:
We bioinformatically analyzed published medulloblastoma transcriptomes and proteomes identifying as a potential biomarker TPD52, whose IHC prognostic value was validated across three group 3/4 medulloblastoma clinical cohorts (n = 387) treated with conventional therapies.

Results:
TPD52 IHC positivity represented a significant independent predictor of early relapse and death for group 3/4 medulloblastoma [HRs between 3.67 and 26.7; 95% confidence interval (CI) between 1.00 and 706.23; P = 0.05, 0.017, and 0.0058]. Cross-validated survival models incorporating TPD52 IHC with clinical features outperformed existing state-of-the-art risk stratification schemes, and reclassified approximately 50% of patients into more appropriate risk categories. Finally, TPD52 immunopositivity was a predictive indicator of poor response to chemotherapy [HR, 12.66; 95% CI, 3.53–45.40; P &lt; 0.0001], suggesting important implication for therapeutic choices.

Conclusions:
This study redefines the approach to risk stratification in group 3/4 medulloblastoma in global practice. Because integration of TPD52 IHC in classification algorithms significantly improved outcome prediction, this test could be rapidly adopted for risk stratification on a global scale, independently of advanced but technically challenging molecular profiling techniques.
Disruption of large-scale electrophysiological networks in stroke patients with visuospatial neglect
Authors: Ros Tomas , Michela Abele , Mayer Anaïs , Bellmann Anne , Vuadens Philippe , Zermatten Victorine , Saj Arnaud , Vuilleumier Patrik 
Published: October 2021

AbstractStroke frequently produces attentional dysfunctions including symptoms of hemispatial neglect, which is characterized by a breakdown of awareness for the contralesional hemispace. Recent studies with functional MRI (fMRI) suggest that hemineglect patients display abnormal intra- and interhemispheric functional connectivity. However, since stroke is a vascular disorder and fMRI signals remain sensitive to nonneuronal (i.e., vascular) coupling, more direct demonstrations of neural network dysfunction in hemispatial neglect are warranted. Here, we utilize electroencephalogram (EEG) source imaging to uncover differences in resting-state network organization between patients with right hemispheric stroke (N = 15) and age-matched, healthy controls (N = 27), and determine the relationship between hemineglect symptoms and brain network organization. We estimated intra- and interregional differences in cortical communication by calculating the spectral power and amplitude envelope correlations of narrow-band EEG oscillations. We first observed focal frequency-slowing within the right posterior cortical regions, reflected in relative delta/theta power increases and alpha/beta/gamma decreases. Secondly, nodes within the right temporal and parietal cortex consistently displayed anomalous intra- and interhemispheric coupling, stronger in delta and gamma bands, and weaker in theta, alpha, and beta bands. Finally, a significant association was observed between the severity of left-hemispace search deficits (e.g., cancellation test omissions) and reduced functional connectivity within the alpha and beta bands. In sum, our novel results validate the hypothesis of large-scale cortical network disruption following stroke and reinforce the proposal that abnormal brain oscillations may be intimately involved in the pathophysiology of visuospatial neglect.
Encounters with an Anthropologist
Authors: González Roberto J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This article explores three elements of Laura Nader’s work through an ethnographic description and analysis of the author’s encounters with her over a thirty-year period. It reflects upon aspects of her ethnographic, political, and ethical commitments, how these elements manifest themselves in her written work, and how they have influenced the projects and careers of her students and colleagues over the past six decades. The piece concludes with an annotated list of aphorisms that have provided counsel, guidance, and inspiration to many anthropologists during the course of her career.
Bedside Neck Exploration for Venous Flow Coupler Signal Loss in Postoperative Free Tissue Transfer Monitoring
Authors: Davis Kyle P. , Gardner James Reed , Dunlap Quinn A. , Vural Emre A. , Sunde Jumin , Moreno Mauricio Alejandro 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveTo describe the role and efficacy of bedside neck exploration following free tissue transfer.Study DesignRetrospective case series.SettingSingle tertiary care institution.MethodsA retrospective chart review was conducted of 353 patients who underwent free tissue transfer between January 2017 and April 2021. Bedside exploration was performed under mild sedation in patients who had loss of venous Doppler signal with equivocal clinical signs of venous insufficiency.ResultsA total of 11 patients underwent bedside assessment of the microvascular pedicle. In 6 cases, a return to the operating room was avoided. Five of these patients had coupler malfunction, and in 1 patient a venous kink was discovered and remedied at the bedside. Five patients required return to the operating room. Venous thrombosis requiring thrombectomy and revision of the venous anastomosis was discovered in 3 patients. One patient had a developing hematoma necessitating evacuation in the operating room, and 1 returned to the operating room due to sternocleidomastoid muscular compression of the venous pedicle. There were no flap failures within the study group. In all cases, broad‐spectrum intravenous antibiotic coverage was prophylactically used, and no instances of wound infection were observed. Avoidance of returning to the operating room prevented an estimated $9222 of hospital charges per event.ConclusionBedside neck exploration can be incorporated as a safe and cost‐effective intermediary for definitive determination of need for return to the operating room.
The National Cancer Database: Survival Between Head and Neck Melanoma and Melanoma of Other Regions
Authors: Cabrera Claudia I. , Li Shawn , Conic Rosalynn , Gastman Brian R. 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivePrimary site is considered an important prognostic factor for cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM); however, opinions vary regarding its influence on survival. This study compares overall survival between head and neck melanoma (HNM) and melanoma of other regions (MOR), as well as between melanoma of the scalp and neck (MSN) and melanoma of other head regions (MOHR).Study DesignLevel III retrospective cohort study.SettingPatients from Commission on Cancer–accredited cancer programs affiliated to the National Cancer Database (NCDB).MethodsPatients with HNM (MSN and MOHR included) and MOR, stages I to IV (n = 39,754), and their linked survival data using the NCDB were identified. Survival was analyzed using propensity score matching methods.ResultsAfter matching using propensity scores, allowing this observational study to mimic a randomized controlled trial, subjects with HNM showed a 22% increased mortality when compared to MOR (P <. 01). Among those with HNM, hazard was not proportional over time. Overall, subjects with MSN in the first 3.5 years of follow‐up (75% of subjects) showed a 15% increased mortality when compared to MOHR (P <. 01); however, after 3.5 years, no difference in survival was noted (P =. 5).ConclusionPatients with HNM showed a higher mortality when compared to MOR. The risk of death of primary sites within the head and neck varies over time, showing a higher risk of mortality for scalp and neck during the first 3.5 years of follow‐up. This increased risk was not evident after the 3.5‐year threshold. Further research is needed to evaluate additional patient factors or differences in treatment approaches.
Empirical Relationship Between Macroeconomic Variables and Stock Market: Evidence from India
Authors: Yadav Miklesh Prasad , Khera Aastha , Mishra Nandita 
Published: October 2021

This study investigates the relationship between the Indian stock market price behaviour and macroeconomic variables. The proxy for the Indian stock market is the BSESENSEX while Foreign Reserve, Exchange Rate (Indian vs. US Dollar) and CPI are proxies for the macroeconomic variables. The Johansen Cointegration Test and the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) on monthly data collected from websites of Reserve Bank of India and Bombay Stock Exchange within the time period of January 2000 and February 2020 have been applied. We observe a contradiction between the results of trace statistics and the maximal eigenvalue of the Johansen Cointegration. The -trace statistics of cointegration allude to the long-run association between the Indian stock market and its constituent macroeconomic variables. The VECM is then applied to examine the long-run and short-run causalities and the results reveal the same. This study has profound implications for investors to diversify their portfolio, considering the impact of the constituent selected macroeconomic variables in the short run and long run. JEL Codes: B22, J11, R53
Utility of a controlled amphetamine withdrawal paradigm among adults who use methamphetamine: A pilot clinical trial
Authors: Thompson Ronald G , Oliveto Alison , Thostenson Jeff D , Wilson Michael P , McGaugh Janette , Mancino Michael J 
Published: October 2021

Background: The continued increase in prevalence of methamphetamine use in the United States has resulted in a significant increase in the number of patients entering treatment for methamphetamine use. However, no robustly efficacious pharmacologic treatment for methamphetamine use or withdrawal has been identified to date after stopping methamphetamine use. Aims: Given the association between methamphetamine withdrawal and relapse during early treatment, this study tested a controlled d-amphetamine withdrawal paradigm among methamphetamine-using individuals. Methods: Treatment-seeking adults who used methamphetamine ( N = 34; 47% female; 100% white) were enrolled in a 4-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in a residential setting, in which all participants were maintained on d-amphetamine (30 mg BID) during week 1, then half were switched to placebo during weeks 2–3. All participants received placebo during week 4. Outcomes included vital signs, withdrawal, cravings for methamphetamine, mood, and cognition. Bivariate analyses tested treatment group differences on baseline demographic and outcome variables. Repeated measures models examined main and interaction effects of treatment over time. Results/Outcomes: Participants were successfully randomized and safely stabilized on d-amphetamine. Craving for methamphetamine increased during weeks 2–3 in the placebo group relative to those on d-amphetamine. Interactions with age and heart rate were noted. Conclusions/Interpretation: To our knowledge, this is the first double-blind, placebo-controlled trial measuring pharmacologic effects of abruptly stopping controlled d-amphetamine administration in adults who use methamphetamine. Results support the potential of this withdrawal paradigm to further examine the efficacy of pharmacologic agents in ameliorating methamphetamine withdrawal symptoms.