bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient-derived organoids reflect the genetic profile of endometrial tumors and predict patient prognosis
Authors: Berg Hege F. , Hjelmeland Marta Espevold , Lien Hilde , Espedal Heidi , Fonnes Tina , Srivastava Aashish , Stokowy Tomasz , Strand Elin , Bozickovic Olivera , Stefansson Ingunn M. , Bjørge Line , Trovik Jone , Haldorsen Ingfrid S. , Hoivik Erling A. , Krakstad Camilla 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
A major hurdle in translational endometrial cancer (EC) research is the lack of robust preclinical models that capture both inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity. This has hampered the development of new treatment strategies for people with EC.

Methods
EC organoids were derived from resected patient tumor tissue and expanded in a chemically defined medium. Established EC organoids were orthotopically implanted into female NSG mice. Patient tissue and corresponding models were characterized by morphological evaluation, biomarker and gene expression and by whole exome sequencing. A gene signature was defined and its prognostic value was assessed in multiple EC cohorts using Mantel-Cox (log-rank) test. Response to carboplatin and/or paclitaxel was measured in vitro and evaluated in vivo. Statistical difference between groups was calculated using paired t-test.

Results
We report EC organoids established from EC patient tissue, and orthotopic organoid-based patient-derived xenograft models (O-PDXs). The EC organoids and O-PDX models mimic the tissue architecture, protein biomarker expression and genetic profile of the original tissue. Organoids show heterogenous sensitivity to conventional chemotherapy, and drug response is reproduced in vivo. The relevance of these models is further supported by the identification of an organoid-derived prognostic gene signature. This signature is validated as prognostic both in our local patient cohorts and in the TCGA endometrial cancer cohort.

Conclusions
We establish robust model systems that capture both the diversity of endometrial tumors and intra-tumor heterogeneity. These models are highly relevant preclinical tools for the elucidation of the molecular pathogenesis of EC and identification of potential treatment strategies.
Comparison of space weathering spectral changes induced by solar wind and micrometeoroid impacts using ion- and femtosecond-laser-irradiated olivine and pyroxene
Authors: Chrbolková Kateřina , Brunetto Rosario , Ďurech Josef , Kohout Tomáš , Mizohata Kenichiro , Malý Petr , Dědič Václav , Lantz Cateline , Penttilä Antti , Trojánek František , Maturilli Alessandro 
Published: July 2021

Context.Space weathering is a process that changes the surface of airless planetary bodies. Prime space weathering agents are solar wind irradiation and micrometeoroid bombardment. These processes alter planetary reflectance spectra and often modify their compositional diagnostic features.Aims.In this work we focused on simulating and comparing the spectral changes caused by solar wind irradiation and by micrometeoroid bombardment to gain a better understanding of these individual space weathering processes.Methods.We used olivine and pyroxene pellets as proxies for planetary materials. To simulate solar wind irradiation we used hydrogen, helium, and argon ions with energies from 5 to 40 keV and fluences of up to 1018particles cm−2. To simulate micrometeoroid bombardment we used individual femtosecond laser pulses. We analysed the corresponding evolution of different spectral parameters, which we determined by applying the Modified Gaussian Model, and we also conducted principal component analysis.Results.The original mineralogy of the surface influences the spectral evolution more than the weathering agent, as seen from the diverse evolution of the spectral slope of olivine and pyroxene upon irradiation. The spectral slope changes seen in olivine are consistent with observations of A-type asteroids, while the moderate to no slope changes observed in pyroxene are consistent with asteroid (4) Vesta. We also observed some differences in the spectral effects induced by the two weathering agents. Ions simulating solar wind have a smaller influence on longer wavelengths of the spectra than laser irradiation simulating micrometeoroid impacts. This is most likely due to the different penetration depths of ions and laser pulses. Our results suggest that in some instances it might be possible to distinguish between the contributions of the two agents on a weathered surface.
The origin of X-ray emission in 3CRR sources: Hints from mid-infrared Spitzer observations
Authors: Li Shuang-Liang , Gu Minfeng 
Published: July 2021

Aims. Whether X-ray emission in radio-loud (RL) active galactic nuclei (AGNs) originates from disk coronae or jets is still under debate. For example, the positive relationships in radio-quiet AGNs (such as the optical to X-ray spectral index αOX and Eddington ration λO as well as the X-ray photon index Γ and λO) are not detected in RLAGNs. We intend to further investigate this issue in this work.
Methods. A sample of 27 luminous sources (including 16 quasars and 11 high-excitation radio galaxies) was selected from the 3CRR catalog to reinvestigate the origin of X-ray emission in RLAGNs, where the X-ray and mid-infrared fluxes are observed by Chandra/XMM-Newton and Spitzer, respectively.
Results. It is found for the first time that there is a significant relationship between the mid-infrared to X-ray spectral index αIX and λIR for whole sample, while there is no relationship between αOX and λO in quasars. There are strong positive relationships between both LR − LX and LUV − LX panels, which can be well fitted by the disk-corona model. However, there is no significant relationship between Γ and λIR. The possible reason is related to the effects of the large-scale magnetic field in RLAGNs.
Conclusions. We suggest that the X-ray emission in high-excitation RLAGNs originates from a disk-corona system.
A MUSE spectro-imaging study of the Th 28 jet: Precession in the inner jet
Authors: Murphy A. , Dougados C. , Whelan E. T. , Bacciotti F. , Coffey D. , Comerón F. , Eislöffel J. , Ray T. P. 
Published: July 2021

Context. Th 28 is a Classical T Tauri star in the Lupus 3 cloud that drives an extended bipolar jet. Previous studies of the inner jet identified signatures of rotation around the outflow axis, a key result for theories of jet launching. Thus this is an important source in which to investigate the poorly understood jet launching mechanism.
Aims. In this study we investigate the morphology and kinematics of the Th 28 micro-jets, with the aim of characterising their structure and outflow activity, using optical integral-field spectroscopy observations obtained with VLT/MUSE.
Methods. We use spectro-imaging and position–velocity maps to investigate the kinematic and morphological features of the jet and to obtain a catalogue of emission lines in which the jet is visible. A Lucy-Richardson deconvolution procedure is used to differentiate the structure of the inner micro-jet region in selected emission lines. Spatial profiles extracted perpendicular to the jet axis are fitted to investigate the jet width, opening angle, and the evolution of the jet axis.
Results. We confirm the previously identified knot HHW2 within the red-shifted jet and identify three additional knots in each lobe for the first time. We also find [O III]λ5007 emission from the blue-shifted micro-jet, including the knot closest to the star. Proper motions for the innermost knots on each side are estimated to be 0′′.35 yr−1 and 0′′.47 yr−1 for the red- and blue-shifted jets, respectively. Based on this we show that new knots are ejected on an approximate timescale of 10–15 yr. Gaussian fitting to the jet axis centroids shows a point-symmetric wiggle within the inner portion of both micro-jets, indicating precession of the jet. We use the jet shape to measure a precession period of 8 yr, with a half-opening angle β < 0.6°. This precession may provide an alternative explanation for the rotation signatures previously reported.
Conclusions. We find that these parameters are compatible with precession due to a brown dwarf companion orbiting at a separation of ≤0.3 au. Further observations with higher spatial resolution may help to clarify the source of this precession.
Oscillations in the line-of-sight magnetic field strength in a pore observed by the GREGOR Infrared Spectrograph (GRIS)
Authors: Nelson C. J. , Campbell R. J. , Mathioudakis M. 
Published: July 2021

Context. Numerous magnetohydrodynamic oscillations have been reported within solar pores over the past few decades, including in line-of-sight (LOS) velocities, intensities, and magnetic field strengths.
Aims. Our aim is to identify whether high-amplitude oscillations in the LOS magnetic field strength can be detected within a pore located in Active Region 12748 and to investigate which physical mechanisms could be responsible for them.
Methods. A solar pore was observed on 1 September 2019 using the GREGOR Infrared Spectrograph instrument for around one hour. Full-Stokes vectors were sampled in a 37 Å window containing the Fe I 15 648.52 Å line (effective Landé g factor of 3). The LOS magnetic field strength was inferred using the strong-field approximation. Additionally, the Stokes Inversion based on Response functions code was used to gain a more complete understanding of the physical properties of the solar atmosphere at the locations of these oscillations.
Results. Oscillations of more than 100 G are observed in the LOS magnetic field in the period window between 600 and 1272 s at three localised (> 1″2) regions. These oscillations have coherence across individual regions, indicating that jitter cannot account for their occurrence. Longer-period amplitude variations, amplitudes over 200 G, are also detected, but they have periods outside of the cone-of-influence. Numerical inversions confirm both oscillations in the LOS magnetic field strength at optical depths of around log τ5000 = −0.5 (potentially caused by compression) and other effects (e.g. changes in the optical depth or the inclination of the magnetic field) may account for these changes.
Conclusions. The oscillations in the separations of the Stokes-V lobes of the 15 648.52 Å line appear to be solar in nature. Future work will be required to understand whether these are truly oscillations in the magnetic field strength at a specific depth in the solar atmosphere or whether other effects are responsible for these signatures.
Revisiting neutron starquakes caused by spin-down
Authors: Rencoret Javier A. , Aguilera-Gómez Claudia , Reisenegger Andreas 
Published: July 2021

Context. Pulsars show a steady decrease in their rotational frequency, occasionally interrupted by sudden spin-ups called glitches, whose physical origin is still a mystery. One suggested explanation for at least the small glitches are starquakes, that is, failures of the solid neutron star crust, in which the progressive reduction in the centrifugal force deforms the star, stressing the solid until it breaks. This produces a spin-up, dissipating energy inside the star.
Aims. We explore this suggestion by analyzing a mostly analytical model in order to understand the possible consequences of starquakes, particularly whether they can explain at least the small glitches.
Methods. We analyze the deformations and strains produced by the decreasing centrifugal force, modeling the neutron star with a fluid core and a solid crust, each with uniform density and with the core possibly denser than the crust, as a simple approximation to the strong density gradient present in real neutron stars.
Results. The deformation of a star with very different densities in the core and crust is qualitatively different from the previously studied case of equal densities. The former more closely resembles the behavior of a fluid star, in which the core-crust interface is a surface of constant gravitational plus centrifugal potential.
Conclusions. Regardless of the uncertain breaking strain, the glitch activity in this model is several orders of magnitude smaller than observed, even if only small glitches are considered. For a large breaking strain, suggested by simulations, glitches due to starquakes could be roughly of the correct size but much less frequent than observed glitches. The energy released in each such glitch is much larger than in the standard model of angular momentum transfer from a faster rotating superfluid in the inner crust. On the other hand, we cannot rule out that the heating produced by small starquakes could trigger glitches by allowing neutron superfluid vortices to move. We also confirm that stresses in the neutron star crust can in principle support an ellipticity much larger than some observational upper limits from pulsar timing and continuous gravitational wave searches.
Radiological protection challenges facing business activities affected by a nuclear accident: some lessons from the management of the accident at the Fukushima-Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant
Authors: Schneider T. , Lochard J. , Maître M. , Ban N. , Croüail P. , Gallego E. , Homma T. , Kai M. , Lecomte J.-F. , Takamura N. 
Published: July 2021

Lessons from the Fukushima-Daiichi nuclear power plant accident emphasize the difficulties for restoring the socio-economic activities in the affected areas. Among them, a series of radioligical protection challenges were noted, in particular concerning the protection of employees, the securing of the production and the guarantee provided to consumers of the radiological monitoring of products to restore their confidence. Based on case studies reporting the experience of employers deploying their activities in affected areas, an analysis of these radiological protection challenges has been performed. Characterizing the radiological situation was not always straightforward for the managers. With the help of radiological protection experts, protective actions have been identified and specific efforts have been devoted to provide information to employees and their families helping them to make their own judgement about the radiological situation. Respecting the decisions of employees and developing a radiological protection culture among them have proved to be efficient for restoring the business activities. Continuing or restoring the production not always manageable. It requires to develop dedicated radiological monitoring processes to ensure the radiological protection of workers and the quality of the production. Re-establishing the link with the consumers and organising the vigilance on the long-term were necessary for companies to maintain their production or develop new ones. Deploying a socio-economic programme for ensuring the community resilience in affected areas requires the adoption of governance mechanisms respecting ethical values to ensure the overall objective of protecting people and the environment against the risks of ionizing radiation and contributing to provide decent living and working conditions to the affected communities. It is of primary importance to rely on the involvement of local communities in the elaboration and deployment of the socio-economic activities with due considerations for ensuring the integrity of the communities, and respecting their choices.
COVID-19 as a Potential Trigger for Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura and Reason for an Unusual Treatment: A Case Report
Authors: Schwaegermann Marie-Kristin , Hobohm Lukas , Rausch Johanna , Reuter Michael , Griemert Thomas-Friedrich , Sivanathan Visvakanth , Falter Tanja , Sprinzl Martin F. , Lackner Karl J. , Galle Peter R. , Konstantinides Stavros , Theobald Matthias , von Auer Charis 
Published: July 2021

AbstractImmune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by severely reduced activity of the von Willebrand factor (VWF)-cleaving protease ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13) due to autoantibodies. This leads to the development of pathogenic multimers of VWF, causing a thrombotic microangiopathy with decreased number of platelets, hemolysis, and life-threatening tissue ischemia of mostly brain, heart, and kidneys. Standard treatment of iTTP involves daily plasma exchange to remove ultra large multimers of VWF, inhibitors, substituting ADAMTS13, and the accompaniment of an immunosuppressive treatment with steroids. Recently, caplacizumab was approved for iTTP. Caplacizumab is a nanobody binding the A1 domain of VWF, blocking its interaction with glycoprotein Ib–IX–V platelet receptor and therefore preventing platelet aggregation. VWF activities may serve as therapeutic drug monitoring of caplacizumab, whereas ADAMTS13 activities may be used for biomarkers to guide caplacizumab treatment modalities and overall treatment duration. Additional immunosuppressive treatment by inhibiting autoantibody formation (e.g., the use of Rituximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody directed against the B-cell antigen CD20) is a further treatment option. Infections are well-known causes for an acute episode for patients with iTTP. The novel SARS-CoV-2 virus is mainly associated with acute respiratory distress as well as diffuse endothelial inflammation and increased coagulopathy. However, little is known about an infection with SARS-CoV-2 virus triggering iTTP relapses. We herein report the case of an acute iTTP episode accompanying a SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Longitudinally Extensive Transverse Myelitis (LETM) and Myopericarditis in a 7-Month-Old Child with SARs-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Brisca Giacomo , Sotgiu Stefano , Pirlo Daniela , Tubino Barbara , Siri Laura , Chianucci Benedetta , Carta Alessandra , Rossi Andrea , Mallamaci Marisa , Cataldi Matteo , Mancardi Maria Margherita 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction In the last few months, some pediatric cases with neurological and neuroradiological pictures related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections have been reported, often associated with multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C). The most frequently encountered pediatric neurological complications seem to be postinfectious immune-mediated acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)-like changes of the brain, myelitis, neural enhancement, and splenial lesions. Concomitant neurological and cardiac involvement has been reported only in MIS-C, although specific clinical details are often not fully available.
Methods In this case report, a very young child infected with SARs-CoV-2 and diagnosed as longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis with concomitant myo-pericarditis is presented.
Results A previously healthy 7-month-old girl presented with abrupt onset of generalized weakness with inability to sit up. She had had mild respiratory symptoms 1 week earlier. Spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a T2-hyperintense intramedullary lesion extending from C4 to T2, compatible with acute longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM). Cerebrospinal fluid analysis was negative.Echocardiography and blood tests were suggestive for myo-pericarditis. Real time polymerase chain reaction for SARS-CoV-2 on nasopharyngeal swab sample tested positive. She was promptly treated with high dose of steroids and immunoglobulin with satisfactory clinical response.
Conclusion To the evolving literature of neurological complications of SARs-CoV-2 infection, we add the youngest patient described to date with isolated LETM and concomitant cardiac involvement. Our case suggests that clinicians should be aware of this association, although difficult to recognize in infants. Practitioners are encouraged to consider aggressive first-line immunotherapies with the final aim to prevent permanent disability.
Care of the Postpartum Patient in the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review with Implications for Maternal Mortality
Authors: Mitchell Kellie A. , Haddock Alison J. , Husainy Hamad , Walter Lauren A. , Rajapreyar Indranee , Wingate Martha , Smith Catherine H. , Tita Alan , Sinkey Rachel 
Published: July 2021

Objective Approximately one-third of maternal deaths occur postpartum. Little is known about the intersection between the postpartum period, emergency department (ED) use, and opportunities to reduce maternal mortality. The primary objectives of this systematic review are to explore the incidence of postpartum ED use, identify postpartum disease states that are evaluated in the ED, and summarize postpartum ED use by race/ethnicity and payor source.
Study Design We searched PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), ClinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane CENTRAL, Social Services Abstracts, and Scopus from inception to September 19, 2019. Each identified abstract was screened by two authors; the full-text manuscripts of all studies deemed to be potential candidates were then reviewed by the same two authors and included if they were full-text, peer-reviewed articles in the English language with primary patient data reporting care of a female in the ED in the postpartum period, defined as up to 1 year after the end of pregnancy.
Results A total of 620 were screened, 354 records were excluded and 266 full-text articles were reviewed. Of the 266 full-text articles, 178 were included in the systematic review; of these, 108 were case reports. Incidence of ED use by postpartum females varied from 4.8 to 12.2% in the general population. Infection was the most common reason for postpartum ED evaluation. Young females of minority race and those with public insurance were more likely than whites and those with private insurance to use the ED.
Conclusion As many as 12% of postpartum women seek care in the ED. Young minority women of lower socioeconomic status are more likely to use the ED. Since approximately one-third of maternal deaths occur in the postpartum period, successful efforts to reduce maternal mortality must include ED stakeholders. This study is registered with the Systematic Review Registration (identifier: CRD42020151126).
Key Points
Iron Rod Penetrating Head Injury in a Child
Authors: Diyora Batuk , Gawali Sagar , Patel Mehool , Dhall Gagan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCivilian penetrating brain injury (PBI) is a rare form of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and is rarer in the pediatric population. Pediatric PBI due to various objects has been reported in the literature. Pediatric PBI with an iron rod has not been previously described. We reported a case of civilian penetrating injury in a 6-year-old girl child patient who fell over a projecting iron rod at a construction site from a height of 6 to 8 feet. She was lifted off from the iron rod and taken to the emergency medical services. CT scan of the brain revealed linear intracerebral hemorrhage along the iron rod’s track with a depressed fracture. She underwent emergency surgery because of a compound depressed fracture. She recovered well from his injury without neurological deficit with an excellent clinical outcome.
Secondary Tumors of the Ampulla of Vater: A Tale of Two Cases
Authors: Ali Jafer , Khan Asad , Ahmed Mohamed H. , Madhotra Ravi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe report two cases of women with metastatic cancers to ampulla of Vater. The first was 91 years old and presented with severe anemia, due to upper gastrointestinal bleeding. She had history of renal cell cancer treated with nephrectomy 8 years ago and diagnosis confirmed to be metastasis of renal cell cancer to ampulla of Vater. The second patient was 54 years old with breast cancer, metastasis and developed obstructive jaundice; diagnosis confirmed to be breast metastasis in the ampulla of Vater. Secondary tumors of the ampulla of Vater due to breast cancer and renal cell cancer are rare findings and prognosis can be poor.