bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cistrome analysis of YY1 uncovers a regulatory axis of YY1:BRD2/4-PFKP during tumorigenesis of advanced prostate cancer
Authors: Xu Chenxi , Tsai Yi-Hsuan , Galbo Phillip M , Gong Weida , Storey Aaron J , Xu Yuemei , Byrum Stephanie D , Xu Lingfan , Whang Young E , Parker Joel S , Mackintosh Samuel G , Edmondson Ricky D , Tackett Alan J , Huang Jiaoti , Zheng Deyou , Earp H Shelton , Wang Gang Greg , Cai Ling 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is a terminal disease and the molecular underpinnings of CRPC development need to be better understood in order to improve its treatment. Here, we report that a transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is significantly overexpressed during prostate cancer progression. Functional and cistrome studies of YY1 uncover its roles in promoting prostate oncogenesis in vitro and in vivo, as well as sustaining tumor metabolism including the Warburg effect and mitochondria respiration. Additionally, our integrated genomics and interactome profiling in prostate tumor show that YY1 and bromodomain-containing proteins (BRD2/4) co-occupy a majority of gene-regulatory elements, coactivating downstream targets. Via gene loss-of-function and rescue studies and mutagenesis of YY1-bound cis-elements, we unveil an oncogenic pathway in which YY1 directly binds and activates PFKP, a gene encoding the rate-limiting enzyme for glycolysis, significantly contributing to the YY1-enforced Warburg effect and malignant growth. Altogether, this study supports a master regulator role for YY1 in prostate tumorigenesis and reveals a YY1:BRD2/4-PFKP axis operating in advanced prostate cancer with implications for therapy.
Delayed Reward Discounting as a Prognostic Factor for Smoking Cessation Treatment Outcome: A Systematic Review
Authors: Syan Sabrina K , González-Roz Alba , Amlung Michael , Sweet Lawrence H , MacKillop James 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Introduction
While large proportions of smokers attempt to quit, rates of relapse remain high and identification of valid prognostic markers is of high priority. Delayed reward discounting (DRD) is a behavioral economic index of impulsivity that has been associated with smoking cessation, albeit inconsistently. This systematic review sought to synthesize the empirical findings on DRD as a predictor of smoking cessation treatment outcome, to critically appraise the quality of the literature, and to propose directions for future research.

Aims and Methods
A total of 734 articles were identified, yielding k = 14 studies that met the eligibility criteria. The Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool was used to assess methodological quality of the included studies.

Results
Individual study methods were highly heterogeneous, including substantial variation in research design, DRD task, clinical subpopulation, and treatment format. The predominant finding was that steeper DRD (higher impulsivity) was associated with significantly worse smoking cessation outcomes (10/14 studies). Negative results tended to be in pregnant and adolescent subpopulations. The QUIPS results suggested low risk of bias across studies; 11/14 studies were rated as low risk of bias for 5/6 QUIPS domains.

Conclusions
This review revealed consistent low-bias evidence for impulsive DRD as a negative prognostic predictor of smoking cessation treatment outcome in adults. However, methodological heterogeneity was high, precluding meta-analysis and formal tests of small study bias. The prospects of targeting impulsive DRD as a potentially modifiable risk factor or providing targeted treatment for smokers exhibiting high levels of discounting are discussed.

Implications
These findings indicate consistent evidence for DRD as a negative prognostic factor for smoking cessation outcome in adults. As such, DRD may be a useful as a novel treatment target or for identifying high-risk populations requiring more intensive treatment.
Establishing a Distribution Network for COVID-19 Monoclonal Antibody Therapy Across a Large Health System During a Global Pandemic
Authors: Bariola J Ryan , McCreary Erin K , Khadem Tina , Snyder Graham M , Wadas Richard J , Nace David A , White Douglas B , Yealy Donald M , Schmidhofer Mark 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Emergency authorized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)–neutralizing monoclonal antibodies can aid outpatients with mild to moderate COVID-19 infection. Many report barriers to adequate distribution and uptake. We present our model for distribution in a large health system as well as early lessons learned.
Trade Marks and Passing Off
Authors: Riordan Jaani 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter examines the secondary liability of internet intermediaries for trade mark infringement and passing off occurring online. The internet intrinsically relies upon a functioning system of domain names, keyword-based search tools, and advertising. These arenas present ample opportunities for conflict over protected signs. At one extreme are territorial conflicts between legitimate traders who happen to possess parallel rights in different jurisdictions; at the other extreme lie cases of opportunistic squatting on a rivalrous keyword resource, such as a domain name, for commercial gain, or outright counterfeiting. Within the contested space that lies between, the line between honest and unfair competition is becoming increasingly blurred, as traders seek to exploit rivals’ names in keyword advertising, practise aggressive search engine optimisation, and compete for traffic, reputation, and attention. The zone of accepted commercial practices is fluid and extremely nebulous.
Costs
Authors: Riordan Jaani 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Preceding chapters have examined the range of measures which internet intermediaries may be compelled to implement, whether as a result of a court order, an administrative decision, or pursuant to a statutory scheme or code of conduct. The cost and disruption caused by the implementation of such measures vary considerably with the nature of the measure, what it obliges the service provider to do, the scale of the problem, and the particular characteristics of the implementing party. Individual measures may be relatively inexpensive to adopt in a single case, but their aggregate costs over a large number of such cases—and the resulting administrative, legal, and technical overheads—can be very substantial.
European Cross-Border Insolvency Law
Authors: Bork Reinhard , Mangano Renato 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This book provides a distilled and accessible analysis of the European cross-border insolvency law. With reference to the amended Insolvency Regulation (EIR) and related sources it examines the issues involved in intra-member state cross-border insolvency. The book analyses in depth the main areas of change brought about by the EIR such as the restatement of the meaning of 'centre of main interest' (COMI) and the rules on international jurisdiction, the new specific measures for multi-national enterprises, and the move towards co-operation between insolvency practitioners and courts. The EIR represents a very significant development in European insolvency law which will have an impact on all insolvencies with an international element involving a European state. All practitioners advising on the area need a clear grasp of the implications of the changes and this book aims to deliver just that.
Law Applicable
Authors: Bork Reinhard , Mangano Renato 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis chapter discusses which law a court with jurisdiction over cross-border insolvency proceedings (whether they constitute main proceedings or secondary proceedings) should apply in particular sets of circumstances. The general rule is that the law of the State in which the proceedings have been opened (lex fori concursus) should be the law which governs insolvency proceedings and their effects. However, there are a number of exceptions to this rule, meaning that the court with jurisdiction will have to apply the law of another Member State. This chapter outlines the general rule and discusses problems resulting from its application. It proceeds to looks at the exceptions to this rule and identifies their rationales and commonalities, before embarking on a detailed analysis of each of them.
Group Insolvencies
Authors: Bork Reinhard , Mangano Renato 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis chapter deals with European cross-border issues concerning groups of companies. This chapter, after outlining the difficulties encountered throughout the world in defining and regulating the group, focuses on the specific policy choices endorsed by the EIR, which clearly does not lay down any form of substantive consolidation. Instead, the EIR, on the one hand, seems to permit the ‘one group—one COMI’ rule, even to a limited extent, and, on the other hand, provides for two different regulatory devices of procedural consolidation, one based on the duties of ‘cooperation and communication’ and the other on a system of ‘coordination’ to be set up between the many proceedings affecting companies belonging to the same group.
External Relations of the EU and Euro Area in the field of EMU
Authors: Marise Cremona , Päivi Leino-Sandberg 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis chapter will focus on the relations of the European Union (EU) and euro area with the main international financial institutions (IFIs) from the perspective of EU law. Among the IFIs the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank and the more informal groupings of the G20, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the Financial Stability Board (FSB) will be highlighted. The aim, in a chapter of this length, is not to give an account of the activities of these bodies and the EU’s policy positions and priorities; rather it is to highlight, from the perspective of EU law, the legal-institutional questions and challenges that arise from EU participation. The unified representation of the euro area in the IFIs has surfaced repeatedly in the context of the on-going discussions concerning the development of the Economic Monetary Union (EMU) (see below in Section II). These discussions, however, primarily reflect the EU institutional interest (Commission, the European Central Bank (ECB)) to strengthen their institutional presence in the IFIs: something that is met with strong reluctance by the Member States. While the Member States ostensibly support increased EU influence in the IFIs, they are also concerned about preserving their own individual positions and status.
Payment Systems
Authors: Athanassiou Phoebus L 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPayment systems matter: they provide the basis for the processing and execution of the multifarious value-transfer transactions, wholesale and retail alike, that are crucial for the operation of modern, free-market economies. Less obvious–but no less pivotal–is the role that payment systems play for monetary policy and its transmission, not least in the sui generis context of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). The launch, in January 1999, of the Trans-European Automated Real-time Gross settlement Express Transfer (TARGET) system, the precursor of TARGET2, simultaneously with the launch of the euro, testifies to the centrality of payment systems for the implementation of the single monetary policy, and for the consolidation of the euro area money market.
Policy Conditionality attached to ESM financial assistance
Authors: Forsthoff Ulrich , Lauer Nathalie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract‘If the euro fails, Europe fails.’ This dictum of the German Chancellor, Ms Angela Merkel, from 2012 marks the importance that the sovereign debt crisis and its solution were accorded in political discourse and action. The European Stability Mechanism (ESM) and its predecessor, the European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF), are a central component of the strategy put in place by the euro states to overcome the crisis. The creation of these institutions and the policies pursued by them have been the subject of intense debate.
The IMF’s Financing Role in Europe During the Global Financial Crisis
Authors: Christopherson Katharine , Bergthaler Wolfgang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSince its establishment in 1945, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has played a key role in ‘giv[ing] confidence to members by making the general resources of the Fund temporarily available to them under adequate safeguards, thus providing them with opportunity to correct maladjustments in their balance of payments without resorting to measures destructive of national or international prosperity’ through its crisis prevention and resolution role. In exercising its mandate, the IMF has had to adapt over time to significant developments in the global monetary and financial systems. Since the Second Amendment of the IMF’s Articles in 1978, subject to certain obligations under the IMF’s Articles, members may freely decide on their exchange rate arrangements merely notifying the IMF of any changes to their own exchange arrangements, which is a departure from the par value system prevalent when the IMF was established.
Financial Market Integration and EMU
Authors: Alexander Kern 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis chapter discusses the evolution of the market structure in European banking and the level of financial integration in the Eurozone and the interaction with financial regulatory developments. The chapter will address how the creation of the Banking Union’s Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM) has affected banking market integration in the Eurozone. The chapter also raises related issues concerning monetary policy and banking supervision and some of the challenges in discharging these responsibilities within the Banking Union. This chapter also analyses the Capital Markets Union (CMU) proposal in respect of its important objective to increase the supply of credit from non-bank financial intermediaries to the economy of the European Union (EU) while also raising important prudential regulatory concerns concerning the risks raised by the shadow banking sector.
The Euro Area In Crisis, 2008–18
Authors: Hadjiemmanuil Christos 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn autumn 2008, just as the euro was approaching its tenth anniversary, the European Union (EU) became embroiled in the Global Financial Crisis (GFC). Elsewhere in the world, including in the US, where it originated, the GFC caused a very deep recession but then receded, and was essentially over by the end of 2009. In the EU, however, it took a double-dip form, with the EU-28 area’s real gross domestic product (GDP) suffering a -4.4 per cent fall in 2009 and another -0.5 per cent fall in 2012. The timing and impact of the crisis differed significantly across Member States, and the recovery was uneven. Taken as a whole, the euro area (EA19) performed worse than the rest of the EU, especially in 2012–13, when it lost -1.3 per cent of GDP, and only returned to its 2007 GDP level in 2015.
Company Directors’ Duties and Conflicts of Interest
Authors: Langford Rosemary Teele 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This book contains the most detailed multi-jurisdictional analysis of directors’ conflicts available drawing together relevant case law, codes and statutory regulation from the law applying to directors of companies incorporated under the UK Companies Acts, with extensive reference to the law in Australia, Canada, Hong Kong and New Zealand. The book provides comprehensive analysis of the conflicts faced by directors and includes the important areas of conflicts of interest, conflicts of duties, unauthorised profits, corporate opportunities, multiple directorships, nominee directorships, and conflicts involving stakeholders’ interests. Difficult aspects of these topics are analysed with reference to the laws of a range of common law jurisdictions. The extensive multi-jurisdictional analysis allows solutions to be presented in relation to difficult legal issues and enables clarification of the legal approach. In addition to detailed coverage and analysis of general law duties, the specific statutory duties are outlined and analysed including those concerning related party transactions. The UK Corporate Governance Code, and Guidance on Board Effectiveness, issued by the FRC in July 2018 are covered extensively. The book provides detail on fiduciary theory, the reach of the term ‘director’, consequences of a breach, remedies, authorisation and the role of disclosure. It also contains a detailed table of key cases concerning corporate opportunities which includes the pertinent facts, whether there was a breach of directors’ duties, and a summary of the important factors in the decision made. The cases are featured in order from instances representing clear breach to those in which no breach was found. The book is significant in its thorough coverage of general law and statutory duties relating to conflicts, and its clarification of the scope and application of currently complex and uncertain duties. It provides clear guidance to academics, practitioners, directors and regulators in each of the jurisdictions on the regulation of conflicts of interest and the implementation of good regulatory practice. This is a key reference work on this important and dynamic area of company law which provides careful analysis of the law set in a practical context.
Coulson on Construction Adjudication
Authors: Coulson The Rt Hon. Lord Justice 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This fourth edition of Sir Peter Coulson’s highly regarded work on construction adjudication, widely considered to be the leading authority in the field, continues to provide comprehensive analysis of the law and practice of adjudication in construction and engineering disputes. Thoroughly revised with reference to over 80 new adjudication cases, the new edition of this popular title also provides an analysis of the increase in ‘smash and grab’ payment claims brought by contractors based on the procedural omissions of the employer. The book has also expanded to cover developments in the Technology and Construction Court’s (TCC) practice and procedure for dealing with ‘smash and grab’ claims, and includes practical guidance from the TCC and Commercial Court as to the necessary ethical principles to be adopted by adjudicators. This work is the definitive guide to the law and practice of construction adjudication, making it an essential reference work for all those involved with construction law.
Article 4(15). Data concerning health
Authors: Bygrave Lee A , Tosoni Luca 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Article 4(1) (Definition of ‘personal data’) (see too recital 26); Article 4(13) (Definition of ‘genetic data’) (see also recital 34); Article 4(16) (Definition of ‘biometric data’) (see too recital 51); Article 9(1) (Processing of special categories of personal data) (see also recital 53); Article 22(4) (Automated individual decision-making, including profiling) (see also recital 71); Article 35(3)(b) (Data protection impact assessment) (see too recital 91).
Article 23 Restrictions
Authors: Moore Dominique 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Article 5 (Principles relating to processing of personal data) (see too recitals 41, 45 and 50); Article 12 (Transparent information, communication and modalities for the exercise of the rights of the data subject); Article 13 (Information to be provided where personal data are collected from the data subject); Article 14 (Information to be provided where personal data have not been obtained from the data subject); Article 15 (Right of access by the data subject); Article 16 (Right to rectification); Article 17 (Right to erasure, ‘right to be forgotten’); Article 18 (Right to restriction of processing); Article 20 (Right to data portability); Article 21 (Right to object); Article 22 (Automated individual decision-making, including profiling); Article 34 (Communication of a personal data breach to the data subject).
Article 29 Processing under the authority of the controller or processor
Authors: Millard Christopher , Kamarinou Dimitra 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
To ensure compliance with the requirements of this Regulation in respect of the processing to be carried out by the processor on behalf of the controller, when entrusting a processor with processing activities, the controller should use only processors providing sufficient guarantees, in particular in terms of expert knowledge, reliability and resources, to implement technical and organisational measures which will meet the requirements of this Regulation, including for the security of processing. The adherence of the processor to an approved code of conduct or an approved certification mechanism may be used as an element to demonstrate compliance with the obligations of the controller. The carrying-out of processing by a processor should be governed by a contract or other legal act under Union or Member State law, binding the processor to the controller, setting out the subject-matter and duration of the processing, the nature and purposes of the processing, the type of personal data and categories of data subjects, taking into account the specific tasks and responsibilities of the processor in the context of the processing to be carried out and the risk to the rights and freedoms of the data subject.
Article 40 Codes of Conduct
Authors: Kamara Irene 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Article 24 (Responsibility of the controller) (see too recitals 74–77 and 83); Article 35 (Data protection impact assessment) (see too recital 84); Article 41 (Monitoring of approved codes of conduct); Article 46 (Transfers subject to appropriate safeguards) (see too recitals 108–109); Article 57 (Tasks); Article 58 (Powers); Article 64 (Opinion of the Board); Article 70 (Tasks of the Board); Article 83 (General conditions for imposing administrative fines) (see too recitals 150–151); Article 93 (Committee procedure).
Article 47 Binding corporate rules
Authors: Kuner Christopher 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Recital 6; Articles 13(1)(f) and 14(1)(f) (Information to a data subject); Article 15(1)(c) (Right to access information about data recipients in third countries); Article 23(2)(d) (Member States can restrict individuals’ rights but must provide for safeguards to prevent abuse or unlawful transfer) (see too recital 153); Article 28(3)(a) (Provisions of a data processing agreement stipulating controller’s instructions regarding data transfers); Articles 30(1)(e) and 30(2)(c) (Internal records about data transfers); Article 40(2)(j) (Data transfer codes of conduct); Article 58(3)(j) (Power of supervisory authorities to approve BCRs); Article 64(1)(f) (Opinion of the Board regarding the approval of BCRs); Article 70(1)(c) (Advice by the Board to the Commission regarding the format and procedures for the exchange of information for BCRs); Article 83(5)(c) (Fines for non-compliance with data transfer restrictions).
Article 50 International cooperation for the protection of personal data
Authors: Kuner Christopher 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Recital 6; Article 15(1)(c) (Right to access information about data recipients in third countries); Articles 70(1)(v) and (w) (Board’s tasks to facilitate exchanges with supervisory authorities in third countries and exchanges of knowledge on data protection legislation with supervisory authorities worldwide); Article 96 (Relationship with previously concluded agreements of the EU Member States).
Article 78 Right to an effective judicial remedy against a supervisory authority
Authors: Kotschy Waltraut 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Article 58 (Powers of supervisory authorities) (see too recital 129); Article 77 (Right to lodge a complaint with a supervisory authority) (see too recital 141); Article 79 (Right to an effective judicial remedy against a controller or processor) (see too recital 145); Article 80 (Representation of data subjects) (see too recital 142); Article 81 (Suspension of proceedings) (see too recital 144); Article 82 (Right to compensation and liability) (see too recital 146); Recital 147 (jurisdiction); Article 83 (General conditions for imposing administrative fines) (see too recitals 150 and 152).