bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability Indexes Calculation of Industrial Boilers Under Stochastic Thermal Process
Authors: Rollot Olivier , Pendola Maurice , Lemaire Maurice , Boutemy Igor 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This text sums up a research for the French Electric Company, EDF, which wants to know the influence of the temperature variability on the reliability of some of their boilers. These boilers are very complex structures whose behavior has to be modelized by the Finite Element Method, FEM. This work is an application of Finite Element Methods in a reliability context, that means the introduction of random data into a classical FEM, in order to determine the reliability of the structures. These random data may concern geometry, material characteristics of the structures or the loads the structure may carry. Then, it’s necessary to employ new methods to take into account these stochastic approaches and to obtain more efficient decision’s elements for a better control of the boilers.
Simulation and Optimization of the Dynamical Behavior of Rail Vehicle Systems
Authors: Dragos Robert , Eschenauer Hans A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The present paper addresses the modeling of rail vehicles as multi-body systems and the simulation of their operation behaviour with respect to the frequency and time range. By means of chosen examples it is shown that the structural-dynamic properties of important vehicle subsystems like vehicle body or bogie frame gain a decisive influence on the system dynamics. A layout with respect to the driving properties has to consider, as optimally as possible, quality criteria determining ride comfort and safety over the entire speed range and for different modes of operation. This multicriteria optimization task is solved by means of numerical optimization procedures, applied to the example of a commuter train, where a substantial improvement of the passenger comfort could be achieved by varying the spring stiffnesses and damping constants, at the same time fulfilling all safety constraints.
The Motivation, Development and Applications of a Commercial Optimization Software Package Using DOE/RSM and NLP Methods
Authors: Tzannetakis Nikolas , Glassée Erwin , Cartuyvels Rudi , Migeot Jean-Louis 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the motivation development and an application of a unique methodology to solve Industrial Optimization problems, using existing simulation software programs. In order to make this a reality, (1) a unique way of communicating with simulation programs, (2) parallel execution of multiple Designs dictated by an extensive library of Design of Experiment plans - sampling the Design Space with the minimum amount of function evaluations while capturing the Design behavior - (3) a Stochastic Interpolation Response Surface Modeling technique and (4) Non-Linear Programming techniques are the essential elements of this methodology. Finally an application from the automotive industry demonstrate the methodology.
Quality Utility: A Compromise Programming Approach to Robust Design
Authors: Chen Wei , Wiecek Margaret M. , Zhang Jinhuan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In robust design, associated with each quality characteristic, the design objective often involves multiple aspects such as “bringing the mean of performance on target” and “minimizing the variations”. Current ways of handling these multiple aspects using either the Taguchi’s signal-to-noise ratio or the weighted-sum method are not adequate. In this paper, we solve bi-objective robust design problems from a utility perspective by following upon the recent developments on relating utility function optimization to a Compromise Programming (CP) method. A robust design procedure is developed to allow a designer express his/her preference structure of multiple aspects of robust design. The CP approach, i.e., the Tchebycheff method, is then used to determine the robust design solution which is guaranteed to belong to the set of efficient solutions (Pareto points). The quality utility at the candidate solution is represented by means of a quadratic function in a certain sense equivalent to the weighted Tchebycheff metric. The obtained utility function can be used to explore the efficient solutions in the neighborhood of the candidate solution. The iterative nature of our proposed procedure will assist decision making in quality engineering and the applications of robust design.
Integrating Environmental Impact Assessment Into Product Design
Authors: Borland Nicholas , Wallace David , Kaufmann Heiner P. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes a computer-based method for providing product designers with real-time environmental impact assessment. In this concurrent modeling approach, environmental experts build life cycle models, define their interfaces, and publish them as distributed objects on the internet. Traditional designers integrating these objects into their design model have access to the impact assessment methods provided. Communication between these models is the primary focus of this paper — methods for establishing and maintaining this communication are described in detail. A beverage container design example illustrates how this collaborative approach can be effective in determining tradeoffs between design alternatives.
Mastering Variant Variety Using the Variant Mode and Effects Analysis
Authors: Schuh Günther , Tanner Hans R. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Industrial enterprises see themselves confronted with a complexity of products and production processes, which became almost uncontrollable. Individualization and globalization of the demand will continue to increase, so that the existing variety of the product variants presumably cannot be reduced significantly. Attainable are however a strong weakening of the variety increase and a reduction of the internal complexity. Results from numerous analysis projects in the automobile industry show that substantial potentials (on the average 64%) for the reduction of the complexity are present in areas without impact on the degree of fulfillment of customer requirements (engine, axles, raw body, etc.). Even higher potentials are realizable by an intensive cooperation between manufacturers and suppliers.
This paper introduces the Variant Mode and Effects Analysis (VMEA), which is a proven method to reduce the number of variants and, therefore, the complexity and complexity-related costs throughout the whole development and manufacturing processes. The method includes a systematic analysis of market requirements and a systematic assignment of market requirements to product functions, modules and parts, thereby enabling the user to develop a modularized, market-oriented product structure designed for meeting the market demands with the smallest number of product variants possible. The results presented in this paper were obtained in a series of twenty cooperation projects involving ten medium-sized German manufacturers of cars and automotive supplies, among them Audi AG, BMW AG, Volkswagen AG, Volvo and Micro Compact Car.
Finding the Shape of a Flexible Blade for Free-Form Layered Manufacturing of Plastic Foam Objects
Authors: Horváth Imre , Vergeest Joris S. M. , Juhász Imre 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The need for rapid, cost-effective and finish-less manufacturing of large sized, sculptured, physical models from various soft materials is increasing in several fields. For objects fabricated from plastic foams an advantageous approach is free-form, thick-layered manufacturing. Although it is technologically demanding, to achieve the best results (a) computer definition of the geometry has to be accurate, (b) the geometric model has to be directly sliced, (c) higher order approximation of the nominal shape is necessary, and (d) a quasi-free-form working out of the front surfaces of the layers is needed. The authors have developed the mathematical and/or technological fundamentals and process of free-form cutting based on heated flexible blades. The shape and the relative positions of the flexible blade are controlled continually as needed by the normal curvatures of the front faces of the layers. The paper elaborates on the computation methods for physically-based and geometrically-based modeling of flexible blades. The algorithms for approximating curve generation and curve matching are also presented. The paper extends to some of the most important aspects of the global thick-layered fabrication process.
Process Operators and Their Roles in Integrated Assembly Process Planning
Authors: Ling Zhi-Kui , Zhou XiangYu , Mclean Chuck 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
An environment to facilitate assembly process planning is proposed in this study. It includes a design support system with two agents supporting the assembly process. One is assembly design agent, and the other is a geometric design agent. The assembly design agent consists of three modules: the assembly sequence planning module, the assembly resource planning module, and the assembly simulation module. The assembly sequence-planning module takes the design information and generates an assembly sequence. This sequence is structured in a tree form, called the Constructive Assembly Tree (CAT). The leaf nodes of the tree correspond to the components of the product. The intermediate nodes are the assembly process operators, each of which characterizes a particular assembly operation, and their associated subassemblies. The resource module assigns the necessary tools, fixtures, supply bins and other resources to each of the process operators. The assembly simulation module traverses a CAT, extracts the necessary assembly information, and drives external physical simulation/animation system to perform virtual assembly simulation/animation process.
A Heuristic Method to Identify Modules From a Functional Description of a Product
Authors: Stone Robert B. , Wood Kristin L. , Crawford Richard H. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Developing product architectures is a key phase in design and development processes. It encompasses the transformation of product function to alternative product layouts. In this paper, we describe a new approach for identifying modules for product architectures. We begin by reviewing the terminology and motivation for modular products. Following that discussion, three heuristic methods for identifying modules from a formal functional decomposition are presented. To aid in this process, a concept known as functional dependency is introduced to further arrange functional models with respect to time. Through this concept and the heuristic methods, modular design can be executed earlier in the product development process, as illustrated by the running example of a power-tool product. A database of 70 consumer products is used to verify and confirm the overall modular design approach.
Artefacting in a Cross-Discipline Design Team
Authors: Logan Gilbert D. , Radcliffe David F. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Several empirical studies of design have highlighted the importance of physical objects as aids to the design process. In the main these studies discuss design objects in terms of how they were handled or manipulated by designers. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the relationship between the use of artifacts, gestures and actions in design conversations and the words that accompany their use. We describe this combination of purposeful physical interactions and accompanying talk in design work as artefacting. Empirical data is drawn form an extensive empirical study of a cross discipline, rehabilitation engineering team working carrying out their everyday work.
A Comparative Study of Engineering Change Management in Three Swedish Engineering Companies
Authors: Pikosz Peter , Malmqvist Johan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper analyses the engineering change management (EC) process in three engineering companies in Sweden. In the paper, the influence of various company specific factors, such as change leadtime, on the design of the EC process are analysed. The current use of computer support is surveyed and the possibility to apply a modern product data management (PDM) system to support the process is analysed. The paper also presents different strategies for improving the engineering change management process as well as of the product data management systems in order to achieve an optimal process.
Stochastic Tolerance Synthesis for Globoidal Cam Mechanisms With the Least Manufacturing Cost
Authors: Cheng Hong-Yih , Yan Hong-Sen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes a systematic process to analyze the mechanical error and to synthesize the tolerances for individual dimensions of spatial cam mechanisms. The mathematical expressions of geometry surface of the cam are determined by the generating method. Based on these expressions and Taylor’s series expansion, the output variables are expressed by sensitivity factors and the mean of design variables. And, the mechanical error is also calculated according to the measured coordinate data on the manufactured cam surface and misalignments. By applying statistics and cost-tolerance function, the objective function subjected to the variance of the assembly tolerance is established. Then, the Lagrange multiplier is involved to synthesize the optimum tolerances with the least manufacturing cost. A numerical example is given.
Performance Based Redundancy Resolution With Multiple Criteria
Authors: Kapoor Chetan , Cetin Murat , Tesar Delbert 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a scaleable approach to redundancy resolution problems involving multiple criteria. The proposed scheme relies on the disintegration of the inverse kinematics solution from multicriteria decision making. The scheme is composed of systematic generation of a set of inverse kinematics solutions and evaluating these solutions using multiple criteria. The proposed approach is especially promising for problems that can accommodate extensive number of criteria. Weights assigned to different criteria are monitored and adjusted to achieve desired performance goals. The scheme is implemented using an object-oriented operational software framework, and its functionality is tested under interactive real-time control of a 10 degrees of freedom manipulator.
Solving the Inverse Dynamics of Parallel Manipulators by the Principle of Virtual Work
Authors: Tsai Lung-Wen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a systematic methodology for solving the inverse dynamics of parallel manipulators. Based on the principle of virtual work and the concept of link Jacobian matrices, a methodology for deriving the dynamical equations of motion is developed. It is shown that the dynamics of a parallel manipulator can be reduced to solving a system of six linear equations. To demonstrate the methodology, the dynamical equations of a Stewart-Gough platform are derived. A computer algorithm is developed and several different trajectories of the moving platform are simulated.
Kinematically Generated Dual Tensor-Product Surfaces
Authors: Ge Q. J. , Kang D. , Sirchia M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper takes advantage of the duality between point and plane geometries and studies a class of tensor-product surfaces that can be generated kinematically as surfaces enveloped by a plane under two-parameter rational Bézier motions. The results of this cross-disciplinary work, between the field of Computer Aided Geometric Design and Kinematics, can be used as a basis for studying geometric and kinematic issues associated with the design and manufacture of freeform surfaces.
Synthesis of Stiffnesses by Springs
Authors: Ciblak Namik , Lipkin Harvey 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A new, systematic approach to the synthesis of stiffness by springs is presented using screw (spatial vector) algebra. The space of solutions is fully characterized for all stiffnesses realizable by springs. The main result shows that a rank r stiffness can always be synthesized by r springs. Further, a stiffness can be synthesized by an arbitrarily large number of springs greater than r. Algorithms and numerical results support the theory.
A Classification Scheme for Planar 4R, Spherical 4R, and Spatial RCCC Linkages to Facilitate Computer Animation
Authors: Murray Andrew P. , Larochelle Pierre M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper we develop a complete classification scheme for planar, spherical and spatial four-bar linkages. The goal of this classification is to note all of the subtleties of motion that an arbitrary set of four link lengths can define. A classification should exist only between the mechanisms that exhibit similar ranges of motion at both the input and output. In the planar case, three parameters being identified as either positive, negative, or zero are necessary to completely characterize all possible ranges of motion. In the spherical and spatial cases, four parameters being identified as positive, negative or zero are needed. The result is 27 classifications of planar mechanisms and 81 for spherical and spatial RCCC mechanisms.
Forward Kinematics in Polynomial Form of the General Stewart Platform
Authors: Innocenti Carlo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The paper presents a new algorithm to solve, in polynomial form, the forward kinematics of the general-geometry 6-6 fully-parallel manipulator. The forty solutions that the problem at hand admits in the complex domain are found by determining the roots of a 40th-order univariate polynomial equation. Unlike the existing algorithm, the proposed one is suitable for implementation in a standard floating-point computation environment. A numerical example shows application of the new algorithm to a case study.
A Tool for Third Order Kinematic Analysis of Spatial Mechanisms
Authors: Urbinati Fabrizio , Pennestrì Ettore 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The paper describes a Maple program for the generation in symbolic form of all the equations needed for the kinematic analysis, up to the third order, of a large class of spatial mechanisms. By means of this program the user can easily model mechanisms with spherical, cylindrical or other types of common kinematic pairs. Since the orientation of each link is described by Euler parameters, all the output equations are in polynomial form. This makes the output in an suitable format for further symbolic processing.
Error Transfer of Planar Linkages With Pair Clearance: Part 1 — The Error Transfer Coefficient of Experimental and Practical Mechanism
Authors: Li Song , Xianmin Zhang , Jian Yang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the regression equations of the error transfer coefficient (ETC) for the experimental planar linkage mechanism for pair clearances are obtained by utilizing the Monte-Carlo simulation method. Based upon this, a correction procedure and the correction coefficient of the regression equation are presented for the practical planar linkage mechanism. The study result shows that the ETC of planar linkages with pair clearance have the same form while the dimension type is identical.
Generalized Kinematic Modeling Method for Reconfigurable Machine Tools
Authors: Moon Yong-Mo , Kota Sridhar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Using a library of machine modules, modular machine tools are being developed by many machine tool manufacturers to reduce design lead time. To accommodate frequent changes in product design in a timely and cost-effective manner, the next generation of machine tools should be reconfigurable to process a family of products. This enables reduction not only in machine design lead time but more significantly a reduction in machine set-up and ramp-up time. The essential characteristics of Reconfigurable Machine Tools (RMTs) include modularity, convertibility, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness. Currently there is no systematic method of designing modular machines, let alone reconfigurable machines. This paper presents a methodology for kinematic synthesis of machine tools using screw theory. The motion characteristics of a set of desired machining tasks as well as stored library of machine modules are captured in a common representation scheme. A simple design example to illustrate the application of this methodology for systematic selection and synthesis of reconfigurable machine tools is presented. The proposed methodology can be extended to include the dynamic characteristics and control schemes to enable integrated design of machines and controllers.
Static Balancing of Spatial and Planar Parallel Manipulators With Prismatic Actuators
Authors: Leblond Marc , Gosselin Clément M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the static balancing of existing spatial and planar parallel manipulators by the addition of balancing elements is addressed. Static balancing is defined here as the set of conditions on manipulator dimensional and inertial parameters which, when satisfied, ensure that the weight of the links does not produce any force (or torque) at the actuators for any configuration of the manipulator, under static conditions. These conditions are derived here for spatial six-degree-of-freedom parallel manipulators and it is shown that planar three-degree-of-freedom parallel manipulators can be treated as a particular case of the spatial 6-dof mechanisms. The static balancing conditions associated with planar mechanisms can therefore easily be found, but are not given here because of space limitations. A brief geometric interpretation of the balancing conditions which are associated with statically balanced spatial mechanisms is then carried out. It is shown that balancing is generally possible even when the dimensional parameters are imposed, which is a useful property since dimensional parameters are usually obtained from kinematic design or optimization. Finally, examples of balanced planar and spatial parallel manipulators are given. Static balancing leads to considerable reduction in the actuator forces (or torques), which in turn leads to less powerful actuators and more efficient designs. Moreover, the possibility of balancing existing systems by introducing additional elements, as demonstrated here, is of interest for retrofitting existing parallel mechanisms.
Displacement Analysis of a Six-DOF Parallel Manipulator With 3R3P and 4R2P Chains
Authors: Kamra R. , Kohli D. , Dhingra A. K. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper addresses the forward displacement analysis of a six degree of freedom platform manipulator which is actuated by three different configurations involving six chains with six joints in each chain. The displacement analysis problem involves finding all possible positions and orientations of the platform along with all the joint variables in response to the inputs supplied. The forward displacement analysis problem is solved using the “Suppressed Tangent method.” The proposed solution procedure is illustrated through three numerical examples. The first example deals with forward displacement analysis of a platform manipulator actuated by six 3R3P chains whereas the second and third examples deal with a manipulator actuated by five 3R3P and one 4R2P, and four 3R3P and two 4R2P chains respectively.
Type Synthesis of Baranov Truss With Multiple Joints and Multiple-Joint Links
Authors: Chu Jinkui , Cao Weiqing , Yang Tingli 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The method called Single-Open-Chain (SOC) proposed in the literature is a very effective one for structural synthesis of mechanisms; in particular the method suits the synthesis process with the computer. In this paper, a new representation for mechanisms, called Double-Color-Graph (DCG) is introduced. Application of the SOC concept with the help of DCG representation, a new procedure for type synthesis for multiple joints and multiple-joint links, is presented. Baranov Trusses are extensively studied, which results in the finding of 158 independent types of Baranov Trusses with the number of loops being (1–4). A computer program system has been developed to generate all these types.