bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coupling of Nutrient Removal and Biodiesel Production By Asterarcys quadricellulare Microalga Grown in Municipal Wastewater
Authors: Morsi Hanaa , Eladel Hamed , Maher Ayah 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The present study focused on the feasibility of using municipal wastewater (WW) as culture medium for cultivation of microalgae. The study aimed to assess the efficiency of microalgae in nutrients removing capacity from wastewater and its biomass and lipid productivity for using as biodiesel feedstock. Based on that, the green microalga Asterarcys quadricellulare was isolated and grown for 24 days in Bold’s Basal Medium as a control and at different concentration of secondary treated municipal wastewater (WW) diluted with distilled water (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%WW). Results of 75%WW treatment recorded 96.6%, 98.4%, and 89.9% removal efficiency for, nitrate, ammonia and total phosphorus, respectively. Also, it revealed high biomass productivity and biomass content, where it recorded 69.0 mgL-1 day-1, and 1.44 g/L, respectively. Likewise, high lipid productivity 17.2 mg L−1 day−1 and 360.6 mg/L lipid content. Consequently, Asterarcys quadricellulare fatty acids profile estimation revealed an increase in Oleic, Palmitic and Linoleic acids levels. Most properties of biodiesel derived from the studied microalga meet with values established by the ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 biodiesel standards. According to this analysis, A. quadricellulare microalga could be used for wastewater bioremediation and biomass production with a suitable content of lipids proper as biodiesel feedstock. The predictive biodiesel properties pointed that it has a good quality compared with international standards.
Conscientious objection In The Profession Of Pharmacist. A Survey of Pharmacists' Opinions On The Conscience Clause In Poland
Authors: Czekajewska Justyna , Langer Dominik , Baum Ewa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background Pursuant to the Resolution of the Council of Europe No. 1763 of October 7, 2010, physicians, nurses and midwives may resign from performing medical activities for ethical reasons. In Poland, these provisions do not apply to pharmacists, therefore it is considered granting pharmacists the right to refuse dispensing a drug on the basis of conscientious objection.Objective The authors of the study decided to present the opinion of pharmacists (from the Greater Poland Voivodeship in Poland) on the conscience clause.Method The research was carried out on the basis of a self-developed questionnaire. The survey questionnaire was addressed to 105 pharmacists. The participants were asked 29 questions, 21 related to pharmacists' opinions on the conscience clause, and the remaining 8 related to demographic data.Results Responses were received from 100 pharmacists (74 women and 26 men, mean age 34 years). Most - 82 participants (82%) answered that they had never provided a service that was against their conscience. Nevertheless, 18 respondents (18%) expressed a different opinion.Conclusion Most pharmacists are against the conscience clause. Nevertheless, about one-fifth of the respondents were in the situation of providing the service against their own ethical reservations, therefore this topic cannot be ignored.
Investigation of the Relationship Between Occupational Stress and Temporomandibular Joint Disorders by Measuring Salivary Cortisol and Immunoglobulin a Levels in Students of Qom Dental School
Authors: Barakian Yasamin , Hajisadeghi Samira , Keykha Elham , Mohammadbeigi Abolfazl , Karimi Alireza 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objectives

Occupational stress is defined as a lack of coordination between job requirements and individual abilities. This stress relates to several salivary biomarkers. Stress plays an important role in creating temporomandibular disorder (TMD). In this study we aimed to investigate the relationship between stress and TMD by examining the occupational stress using dental environment stress (DES) questionnaire and measuring the stress markers in saliva including cortisol and immunoglobulin A in fourth to sixth year students of Qom Dental School.
Methods

In present study, 60 students participated. At first, a clinical examination was performed based on the RDC/TMD method to determine the temporomandibular joint status, then a DES questionnaire was completed to determine the occupational stress level and finally a sample of saliva was taken from the students and the amounts of salivary cortisol and IgA were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Results

The mean cortisol and IgA levels were 4.74 ± 2.80 ng/ml and 220.26 ± 121.22 µg/ml, respectively and the mean score of the DES questionnaire was 2.48 ± 0.58. In this study, 24 patients (40%) suffered from TMD. There was no correlation between cortisol and IgA levels with the DES score (p value > 0.05). There was no significant relationship between TMD and three variables of cortisol, IgA and DES scores (p value > 0.05).
Conclusion

Stress is one of the most important causes of TMD. Salivary biomarkers can be useful markers for determining stress in people with TMD but this issue was not confirmed in our study.
Clinical relevance:

In this study, no relationship was observed between TMD and occupational stress.
Return to play in long-standing adductor-related groin pain: a Delphi study among experts looking for criteria.
Authors: Vergani Luca , Cuniberti Marco , Zanovello Massimo , Maffei Daniele , Farooq Abdulaziz , Eirale Cristiano 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Groin pain is a high incidence and prevalence injury in multidirectional field sports such as soccer, ice hockey, rugby and Australian football codes. Long-standing adductor-related groin pain is a persistent clinical condition and a frequent complaint in athletes involved in sports that require multiplanar movement patterns (change of direction, high-speed sprinting and kicking). To date, the lack of rehabilitation guidelines and return-to-play criteria makes this clinical entity difficult to manage. The aim of the present Delphi was to define, based on expert opinion and practical experience, the criteria used in clinical practice to establish a safe return-to-play in multidirectional sports in athletes suffering from long-standing adductor-related groin pain. Methods: 40 experts were invited to fill a 3-Round Delphi questionnaire. In round 1, open-ended and closed questions about 9 different sections (palpation, flexibility, strength, patient-reported outcome measures, imaging, intersegmental control, performance tests, sport-specific skills, training load) were proposed to investigate return to play evaluation criteria used by each expert. Responses were analysed and coded to produce round 2 questionnaire that investigated only the sections and the items that reached the cut-off value (≥70%). Round 3 questionnaire was based on sections and items that reached cut-off value in previous rounds and experts rated their agreement for return to play criteria with a 5-point Likert Scale. Descriptive statistics enabled interpretation of consensus.Results: High participation rate (80%) and response rate across the 3 rounds (100%) were recorded. 6 sections reached positive consensus in round 1, 1 section reached negative consensus. In round 2 positive consensus was confirmed only for 3 sections and negative consensus for 1 section. In round 3, positive agreement was established for strength (3 items), performance tests (3 items) and sport-specific skills (2 items) sections. Negative consensus was confirmed for imaging section.Conclusion: Despite most of items did not reach cut-off values, a solid positive consensus between experts was reached for strength, performance tests and sport-specific skills sections and a solid negative consensus was obtained for imaging section. These findings could be a useful practical tool for clinicians in the return-to-play continuum.
Anti-Obesity Effect of Galacto-Oligosaccharides in Obese Rats
Authors: Kong Shang , Huang Xingjun , Cao Hua , Bai Yan , Che Qishi , Nie Hong , Su Zhengquan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) is a commonly used as a prebiotic with a variety of metabolic benefits. Whether GOS plays a protective role in obesity is still unknown. Here we demonstrated that GOS possesses an anti-obesity activity by promoting adipose tissue browning and thermogenesis. Results: Our results showed that GOS effectively slow weight gain of diet-induced obese (DIO) rats without affecting energy intake. GOS significantly suppressed the hypertrophy and hyperplasia of white adipose tissue (WAT), as well as markedly lessened the ratio of fat pad to fat body. Consistently, GOS significantly improved serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, which indicated an appropriate weight loss activity of GOS. Interestingly, GOS also significantly increased the expression levels of browning proteins (UCP1, PPARγ, PGC1α and PRMD16) both in the WAT and brown adipose tissue (BAT). We further found that GOS markedly increased the expression levels of LXRα, PPARα, LDLR and CYP7A1 proteins in the liver of obese rats. Conclusions: Taken together, we concluded that GOS inhibits obesity by accelerating the browning of white fat cells and the thermogenesis of brown fat cells, moreover GOS improves host lipid homeostasis by promoting cholesterol catabolism.
Strong metal–support interaction of Ru on TiO2 derived from the co-reduction mechanism of RuxTi1−xO2 interphase
Authors: Zhang Yaru , Qi Haifeng , Su Xiong , Su Yang , Liu Xiao Yan , Li Lin , Yang Xiaofeng , Huang Yanqiang , Zhang Tao 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Strong metal–support interaction (SMSI) plays a crucial role in determining the catalytic performances of supported metal catalysts, in which the subsequent migration of supports over the pre-existing metal nanoparticles is generally considered during the pretreatment condition. Herein, a distinct mechanism of SMSI generation by the co-reduction of oxide interphase is addressed over the Ru/TiO2 catalysts. Our results demonstrate that the formation of RuxTi1−xO2 oxide interphase can be facilely augmented by increasing the calcination temperature over Ru/TiO2 catalysts, while a growing encapsulation of TiOx overlayer on metallic Ru nanoparticles can be acquired in the following reduction of this oxide interphase. In contrast, the SMSI generation by the conventional mechanism is highly suppressed over the RuO2/TiO2 phase calcined at a low temperature. Thanks to this improved SMSI on Ru/TiO2 catalyst, it thus possesses an excellent performance in CO2 methanation, with a promoted CO2 conversion activity. Our findings suggest a different mechanism for the SMSI generation through the oxide interphase formation, and it also offers an alternative pathway to tune catalytic properties of supported metal catalysts.
Guided Meditation For Vision Acuity Training On Adolescent Myopia: Study Protocol For A Prospective, Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Li Yibo , Zhu Lili , Wang Raoying , Jiang Xinqi , Lu Tao 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Currently, the population with myopia climbs steadily, and developing toward younger age, posing a great concern to the health of adolescents. Myopia in severe cases can cause irreversible consequences such as glaucoma, blindness and other complications. At present, the solutions for myopia are glasses, medication and surgery. This study aims to investigate the role of a physiotherapy category based on guided meditation for vision acuity training on adolescent myopia. Methods: This is a prospective, randomized, multicenter clinical trial. 1140 primary and secondary school students aged 8-18 years old from 27 schools will be recruited and randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group at a ratio of 2:1 in two phases, with a training period of 30 days in each phase and a follow-up period of 3 months. No interventions will be conducted during the follow-up period, nor will other interventions employed. Inclusion criteria will meet the diagnostic criteria for simple myopia and -6.00D ≤ spherical lenses ≤ -0.50D, cylindrical lenses ≤ 1.50D. The primary observation index will be to compare the statistical differences in distant visual acuity between the two groups; the secondary observation indexes will be ocular symptoms (mainly including eye fatigue, dryness, pain, double vision, neck pain, thought disorders, and lags in response), diopter and astigmatism. Discussion: The purpose of this two-phase trial is to compare the clinical effectiveness of focused vision-guided meditation with Chinese eye exercises that are also non-pharmacological, non-invasive interventions for myopia, and to maximize the benefit to the subjects. The results will indicate whether the training based on focused vision-guided meditation has the ability to improve distant visual acuity, relieve ocular symptoms and ameliorate diopter. In addition, this trial will provide clinical efficacy of the training, which is expected to provide meaningful data for vision rehabilitation. At the same time, the vision acuity training method, which is permeated with the concept of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) rehabilitation and health maintenance, will be applied to achieve the goal of preventing or alleviating myopic development and reducing myopia rate. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (identifier: ChiCTR2000038642; Registered 26 September 2020, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=61729).
Modeling Incidence Rate by Region: Analysis of Asthma and Other Chronic Obstructive Lung Diseases
Authors: Wesonga Ronald , Abdelbasit Khidir 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to examine regional differences for asthma and other chronic obstructive lung diseases. The study was based on data collected from annual reports produced by the Ministry of Health over a ten-year period beginning from 2010 to 2019. Incidence rates for eleven regions in the Sultanate of Oman were analyzed using statistical tools including; analysis of variance and binary logistic regression model to determine the effect of region on asthma and other chronic obstructive lung diseases. The incident rates were found to be significantly different by region (F-value = 27.07, p = 0.00). There was no significant variation by year (F-value = 1.05, p > 0.407). Overall over the ten-year period the incidence rates stagnated between 250 and 300 per 10000 of the population, but showed a reducing trend between 2016 and 2019. The logistic regression model shows that compared to the Muscat region, all the other regions had significant increased odd ratios. There is a significant evidence of regional variation in the incidence of asthma and other chronic obstructive lung diseases. This implies probable characteristics in geographical regions that are associated with asthma and other chronic obstructive lung diseases’ exacerbation. Five asthma-region classifications were identified from our analysis. Findings of this study may be used to guide decision making towards the management and control of asthma and chronic obstructive lung diseases.
Nurse-led Self-management Support After Organ Transplantation – Protocol of a Multicentre, Stepped-wedge Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zanten Regina van , Dijk Monique van , Rosmalen Joost van , Beck Denise , Zietse Robert , Hecke Ann Van , Staa AnneLoes van , Massey Emma K. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Recipients of an organ transplantation face a number of challenges and often need to change their health behaviour. Good self-management skills are essential for optimal clinical outcomes. However, few interventions are available to support post-transplant self-management. To fill this gap, we developed a self-management support intervention offered by nurse practitioners. The primary aim of the study is to implement and test the effectiveness of the ZENN-intervention in promoting self-management skills among heart, liver, lung and kidney transplant recipients in comparison to standard care. The secondary aim is to assess the self-management support skills of nurse practitioners who will deliver the intervention. Methods: This multi-centre stepped wedge randomized controlled trial will take place from September 2020 until November 2022. All departments will commence with inclusion of patients in the control period. Each department will be randomly assigned to a start date (step in the wedge) to commence the experimental period. Patients in the control period will receive standard care and will be asked to complete questionnaires at baseline (T0), six months (T1) and 12 months (T2), to assess self-management, self-regulation, quality of life and adherence. During the experimental period, patients will receive standard care plus the ZENN-intervention and receive the same set of questionnaires as participants in the control period. Nurse practitioners will complete a baseline and follow-up questionnaire to assess differences in self-management support skills. Video recordings of outpatient clinic consultations during the control and experimental periods will determine the differences in nurses’ needs-thwarting and needs supporting skills between control- and experimental period. Discussion: The ZENN-intervention could be a useful approach to support patients’ self-management skills after organ transplantation and thus promote clinical outcomes as well as avoid adverse events.Trial Registration: Dutch Trial Register, Registration number NL8469, March 19th, 2020, https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/8469
Levothyroxine Treatment for Congenital Hypothyroidism Based on Thyroid Function: A 10-Year Clinical Cohort Retrospective Study
Authors: He Shan , Ma Xiaolin , Yang Jinghui , Li Li 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
ObjectiveTo explore the appropriate dosage of levothyroxine treatment for congenital hypothyroidism patients based on thyroid function.Methods116 patients who were regularly followed up in our endocrine clinic during January 2010 to December 2020 were allocated in 4 groups in terms of their thyroid function (group A: TSH ≥ 100mIU/L, group B: 20mIU/L ≤ TSH<100mIU/L, group C: 4.6mIU/L<TSH<20mIU/L while free thyroxine (FT4)<6.6pmol/L, group D: 4.6<TSH<20mIU/ while FT4>6.6pmol/L). The initial dosage of levothyroxine was individualized given to each patient based upon their TSH level and adjusted according to their thyroid function at every follow-up time point. The levothyroxine dosage at each time point of groups was compared, the thyroid function after treatment, physical and neurological development of different groups were also assessed.ResultsExcept for the first month after initial levothyroxine treatment, there was a statistical difference in thyroid function between groups (p < 0.05), and some patients hadn’t reached the normal level, in the following time points, after individualized dosage adjustment, all patients achieved the normal thyroid function, moreover, the difference of levothyroxine dosage was significant between four groups (p < 0.05) and positively correlated with the severity of disease. Although there were statistical differences in neurological development between groups (p < 0.05), they were all within the normal range.ConclusionCompared to recommend dosage, individualized Levothyroxine dosage could also obtain the same therapeutic effect while may reduce the risk of drug overdose.
Variability and Changes to the Mean Meridional Circulation in Isentropic Coordinates
Authors: Lucas Chris , Rudeva Irina , Nguyen Hanh , Boschat Ghyslaine , Hope Pandora 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We examine the climatology, variability and change in the global mean meridional circulation (MMC) as measured in a dry isentropic coordinate system from 1979–2017 using the ERA-Interim reanalysis. The methodology presents a zonal-mean view of the MMC as a single thermally direct circulation cell in each hemisphere. The circulation is decomposed into 'steady' and 'transient' components which allows us to identify and quantify several MMC features, including the Intertropical Convergence Zone, the descending branches of the Hadley circulation and a 'transient updraft' associated with the extratropical storm track. Large changes were identified in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) in both the Hadley Cell and the extratropical storm track in the late-1990s. These changes intertwine with the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation that changed from a warm to a cold phase around 2000. Less significant changes were observed in the Northern Hemisphere, although high rates of tropical expansion during boreal summer may have been exacerbated by volcanic eruptions in the 1980s and 1990s. Further to those changes, tropical expansion was observed in autumn, with little change in the extratropical storm track. While potential inhomogeneities in the reanalysis limit the certainty about the magnitude of the identified changes, multiple non-reanalysis-based datasets suggest that large changes did occur in the 1990s in the SH, supporting the presented analysis.
Numerical Optimization and Map Construction of a Quadrupole Electromagnetic Actuated System
Authors: Huan Zhijie , Ma Weicheng , Liao Quanchang , Peng Zhenbo , Wang Jiamin , Zhang Zhemin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Electromagnetic actuation is a new technique for non-invasive manipulation, which provides wireless and controllable power source for magnetic micro/nano particles. This technique shows great potential in the field of precise mechanics, environment protection and biomedical engineering. In this paper, a new quadrupole electromagnetic actuated system is constructed, this system is composed of four electromagnetic coils, each of the coil is actuated by an independent DC power supplier. The magnetic field distribution in the workspace is obtained through finite element modeling and numerical simulation via COMSOL, as well as the effect of the current flow through the coil in the field distribution. Moreover, parameters of the electromagnetic system are optimized through parametric modeling analysis. A magnetic field map is constructed for rapidly solving the desired driving current from the required magnetic flux density. The proposed work provides theoretical references and numerical fundamental for the control of magnetic particle in future.