bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A citizen science project reveals contrasting latitudinal gradients of wing deformity and parasite infection of monarch butterflies in New Zealand
Authors: Lester Philip J. , Bulgarella Mariana 
Published: June 2021

1. Host–parasite interactions represent complex relationships among species, often with considerable spatial variation. We examined latitudinal variation in the prevalence of monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) infection by the protozoan parasite Ophryocystis elektroscirrha via a citizen science project in New Zealand. Parasitism by O. elektroscirrha can result in incomplete development causing mortality, or adult butterflies with deformed wings and reduced fitness.2. We established the existence of counter‐latitudinal clines of wing deformities and parasite prevalence in monarchs, which in New Zealand are non‐migratory. The prevalence of wing deformities increased with increasing latitude, whereas the prevalence of parasite infections decreased with increasing latitude. No parasitism was observed in our highest latitudinal location, while all butterfly samples were infected in the warmest and lowest latitudinal site. The prevalence of parasitism or wing deformity did not vary with the butterfly sex.3. Cold temperatures appear to independently affect the parasite and host butterfly development, with lower temperatures limiting parasite development and inducing wing deformities in butterflies. Other protozoan parasites display similar latitudinal clines that are thought to be temperature related.4. Environmental factors appear to independently influence insect populations through different mechanistic pathways. The high prevalence of parasite infections may affect butterfly fitness in warmer regions, but the cooler conditions at higher latitudes manifest as a major fitness cost, deformed wings. Monarch butterflies in New Zealand and around the world may perform better where it is not too hot (and optimal for these parasites), but not cold (where the pupae experience developmental issues).
Percutaneous exposure injuries amongst dental staff and students at a university dental clinic in Australia: A 6‐year retrospective study
Authors: Zachar Jessica Joanna , Reher Peter 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurpose/ObjectivesDental care providers are at risk of percutaneous exposure injuries (PEIs) due to the intimate nature of the patient‐dentist environment and the routine use of sharp instruments. They are the most vulnerable to accidental exposure of blood‐borne viruses. The aim of this study was to determine the types of PEIs sustained by staff and students at the Griffith University Dental Clinic over a 6‐year period.MethodsData were collected regarding PEIs sustained amongst dental staff and students between 2014 and 2019. Data were obtained from the risk incident reporting system (GSafe) and the patient management Software (Titanium), and then analysed using IBM SPSS. The chi‐squared tests and multinomial logistic regressions were performed with significance set at <.05.ResultsOver the 6‐year period, there were 308 PEIs with an incidence rate of 0.109%, with 67 being needle stick injuries (0.023%). These injuries happened more often in restorative procedures, followed by local anaesthesia and oral surgery. Dental students were at a greater risk of sustaining PEIs (65.6%) when compared with professional staff (34.4%). Most common instruments included needles (21.8%), probes (20.5%) and burs (18.2%).ConclusionOverall, the incidence of percutaneous injuries at the Griffith University Dental Clinic was low. The most common instruments were needles, probes and burs, and dental students were at greatest risk of sustaining injuries. Prevention of injuries by not recapping needles, immediate removal of burs from handpieces, the use of cassettes and single‐use instruments has effectively decreased PEIs experienced by dental students and staff.
Gross post‐mortem and histological features in 27 horses with confirmed lumbosacral region pain and five control horses: A descriptive cadaveric study
Authors: Quiney Laura , Stewart Jennifer , Routh Jennifer , Dyson Sue 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is a lack of understanding of the pathological and/or physiological nature of lumbosacral region pain.ObjectivesTo describe the gross variations of the osseous and soft tissues of the lumbosacral region and report the histological findings of sections of nerve tissue in affected and control horses.Study designDescriptive post‐mortem case series.MethodsAll horses had undergone full clinical and gait assessment, including ridden exercise. Horses with a substantial response to infiltration of local anaesthetic solution around the sacroiliac joint regions were included in the affected group (n = 27). Horses for which the source(s) of pain was confirmed by diagnostic anaesthesia to be distant to the lumbosacral region were included in the control group (n = 5). The pelvic regions were isolated and the soft tissues were assessed grossly. Sections of the lumbosacral plexus and cranial gluteal, sciatic and obturator nerves were examined histologically. The osseous specimens were evaluated for anatomical variants and abnormalities. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics.ResultsGross discolouration of the sciatic or obturator nerves was observed in 7 (26%) affected and no control horses. Grade 3/3 histological abnormality scores were assigned in 22% of nerve sections from affected horses compared with 3% from control horses. Several osseous variants (bifid sacral spinous processes, straight‐shaped sacroiliac joint surface, short arrow‐shaped sacral alae, left‐right asymmetry of sacral alae, sacral curvature, absence of the fourth to fifth and ankylosis of the fifth to sixth lumbar articular process joints, left‐right asymmetry of caudocranial position of the fourth to fifth and lumbar‐sacral articular process joints) and abnormalities (sacroiliac enthesopathy, extra ventral sacroiliac joint surface, lumbosacral symphyseal periarticular modelling, lumbosacral intertransverse joint pitting lesions) were more frequently observed in affected horses.Main limitationsBoth control and affected horses may have had preclinical abnormalities.ConclusionsLumbosacral region pain may reflect the presence of a number of pathological changes. Neural pain may play an important role in some horses.
Considerations for management strategy evaluation for small pelagic fishes
Authors: Siple Margaret C. , Koehn Laura E. , Johnson Kelli F. , Punt André E. , Canales T. Mariella , Carpi Piera , de Moor Carryn L. , De Oliveira José A. A. , Gao Jin , Jacobsen Nis S. , Lam Mimi E. , Licandeo Roberto , Lindegren Martin , Ma Shuyang , Óskarsson Guðmundur J. , Sanchez‐Maroño Sonia , Smoliński Szymon , Surma Szymon , Tian Yongjun , Tommasi Desiree , Gutiérrez T. Mariano , Trenkel Verena , Zador Stephani G. , Zimmermann Fabian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractManagement strategy evaluation (MSE) is the state‐of‐the‐art approach for testing and comparing management strategies in a way that accounts for multiple sources of uncertainty (e.g. monitoring, estimation, and implementation). Management strategy evaluation can help identify management strategies that are robust to uncertainty about the life history of the target species and its relationship to other species in the food web. Small pelagic fish (e.g. anchovy, herring and sardine) fulfil an important ecological role in marine food webs and present challenges to the use of MSE and other simulation‐based evaluation approaches. This is due to considerable stochastic variation in their ecology and life history, which leads to substantial observation and process uncertainty. Here, we summarize the current state of MSE for small pelagic fishes worldwide. We leverage expert input from ecologists and modellers to draw attention to sources of process and observation uncertainty for small pelagic species, providing examples from geographical regions where these species are ecologically, economically and culturally important. Temporal variation in recruitment and other life‐history rates, spatial structure and movement, and species interactions are key considerations for small pelagic fishes. We discuss tools for building these into the MSE process, with examples from existing fisheries. We argue that model complexity should be informed by management priorities and whether ecosystem information will be used to generate dynamics or to inform reference points. We recommend that our list of considerations be used in the initial phases of the MSE process for small pelagic fishes or to build complexity on existing single‐species models.
Bumblebee resilience to climate change, through plastic and adaptive responses
Authors: Maebe Kevin , Hart Alex F. , Marshall Leon , Vandamme Peter , Vereecken Nicolas J. , Michez Denis , Smagghe Guy 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBumblebees are ubiquitous, cold‐adapted eusocial bees found worldwide from subarctic to tropical regions of the world. They are key pollinators in most temperate and boreal ecosystems, and both wild and managed populations are significant contributors to agricultural pollination services. Despite their broad ecological niche at the genus level, bumblebee species are threatened by climate change, particularly by rising average temperatures, intensifying seasonality and the increasing frequency of extreme weather events. While some temperature extremes may be offset at the individual or colony level through temperature regulation, most bumblebees are expected to exhibit specific plastic responses, selection in various key traits, and/or range contractions under even the mildest climate change. In this review, we provide an in‐depth and up‐to‐date review on the various ways by which bumblebees overcome the threats associated with current and future global change. We use examples relevant to the fields of bumblebee physiology, morphology, behaviour, phenology, and dispersal to illustrate and discuss the contours of this new theoretical framework. Furthermore, we speculate on the extent to which adaptive responses to climate change may be influenced by bumblebees’ capacity to disperse and track suitable climate conditions. Closing the knowledge gap and improving our understanding of bumblebees’ adaptability or avoidance behaviour to different climatic circumstances will be necessary to improve current species climate response models. These models are essential to make correct predictions of species vulnerability in the face of future climate change and human‐induced environmental changes to unfold appropriate future conservation strategies.
A “Dirty” Footprint: Macroinvertebrate diversity in Amazonian Anthropic Soils
Authors: Demetrio Wilian C. , Conrado Ana C. , Acioli Agno N. S. , Ferreira Alexandre C. , Bartz Marie L. C. , James Samuel W. , da Silva Elodie , Maia Lilianne S. , Martins Gilvan C. , Macedo Rodrigo S. , Stanton David W. G. , Lavelle Patrick , Velasquez Elena , Zangerlé Anne , Barbosa Rafaella , Tapia‐Coral Sandra C. , Muniz Aleksander W. , Santos Alessandra , Ferreira Talita , Segalla Rodrigo F. , Decaëns Thibaud , Nadolny Herlon S. , Peña‐Venegas Clara P. , Maia Cláudia M. B. F. , Pasini Amarildo , Mota André F. , Taube Júnior Paulo S. , Silva Telma A. C. , Rebellato Lilian , de Oliveira Júnior Raimundo C. , Neves Eduardo G. , Lima Helena P. , Feitosa Rodrigo M. , Vidal Torrado Pablo , McKey Doyle , Clement Charles R. , Shock Myrtle P. , Teixeira Wenceslau G. , Motta Antônio C. V. , Melo Vander F. , Dieckow Jeferson , Garrastazu Marilice C. , Chubatsu Leda S. ,   TPI Network, Kille Peter , Brown George G. , Cunha Luís 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAmazonian rainforests, once thought to be pristine wilderness, are increasingly known to have been widely inhabited, modified, and managed prior to European arrival, by human populations with diverse cultural backgrounds. Amazonian Dark Earths (ADEs) are fertile soils found throughout the Amazon Basin, created by pre‐Columbian societies with sedentary habits. Much is known about the chemistry of these soils, yet their zoology has been neglected. Hence, we characterized soil fertility, macroinvertebrate communities, and their activity at nine archeological sites in three Amazonian regions in ADEs and adjacent reference soils under native forest (young and old) and agricultural systems. We found 673 morphospecies and, despite similar richness in ADEs (385 spp.) and reference soils (399 spp.), we identified a tenacious pre‐Columbian footprint, with 49% of morphospecies found exclusively in ADEs. Termite and total macroinvertebrate abundance were higher in reference soils, while soil fertility and macroinvertebrate activity were higher in the ADEs, and associated with larger earthworm quantities and biomass. We show that ADE habitats have a unique pool of species, but that modern land use of ADEs decreases their populations, diversity, and contributions to soil functioning. These findings support the idea that humans created and sustained high‐fertility ecosystems that persist today, altering biodiversity patterns in Amazonia.
Lithium Isotopic Ratios by Single‐Collector ICP‐SFMS: A Critical Evaluation Using Reference Materials
Authors: Navarro Margareth S. , Paula‐Santos Gustavo M. , Marteleto Thaís de P. , Enzweiler Jacinta 
Published: June 2021

We deployed a procedure to measure Li isotope ratios on a single‐collector sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP‐SFMS) operated with a desolvation system and a high‐sensitivity skimmer cone. Under optimised instrumental acquisition conditions, chromatographically separated analyte solutions containing 1 ng g−1 of Li provided adequate sensitivity using analogue mode detection for both isotopes, without adverse memory effect. Unprecedented for this isotopic system, we estimated the expanded uncertainty (U; k = 2) associated with the obtained δ7Li values to validate the procedure. Were considered as potential contributors to the combined uncertainty estimation (uc) the measurement intermediate precision, sample digestion and homogeneity, chromatographic separation, procedural blanks and homogeneity of the bracketing measurement standard (IRMM‐016). The estimated U was on average (from results obtained with reference materials) 1.2‰ (k = 2). This is about twice the intermediate measurement precision (2s) of our data, highlighting the importance of evaluating other measurement uncertainty sources. The δ7Li values obtained for nineteen silicate rocks and one natural water agree with published values. We also provide the first δ7Li = (1.7 ± 1.2; 0.7)‰ (mean value ± U (k = 2); intermediate precision (2s); n = 13) for basalt RM BRP‐1.
Increased risk of short‐term depressive disorder after Helicobacterpylori eradication: A population‐based nested cohort study
Authors: Tsai Chia‐Fen , Chen Mu‐Hong , Wang Yen‐Po , Liu Pei‐Yi , Hou Ming‐Chih , Lee Fa‐Yauh , Lu Ching‐Liang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundDepressive disorder is a major psychiatric illness, and a disturbed brain‐gut‐microbiome axis may contribute to its pathophysiology. Chronic Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections are common in the general population and using multiple antibiotics is required for its eradication, which is associated with gut dysbiosis and may lead to depression. We aimed to evaluate the risk of psychiatrist‐diagnosed depression in patients with peptic ulcer diseases (PUD) receiving anti‐H. pylori therapy.Materials and methodsWe collected data from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) in Taiwan on PUD patients undergoing antibiotic treatment for H. pylori infection; patients and controls were matched for age, sex, income, level of urbanization, and comorbidities.ResultsOf the 1 million beneficiaries in the NHIRD, we identified 7087 patients for inclusion in the eradication cohort and 7087 matched non‐eradication controls with PUD. Antibiotic therapy is associated with a short‐term (<30 days) increase in the incidence of psychiatrist‐diagnosed depressive disorder (p = 0.009, after multiple comparisons with Bonferroni correction) in the eradication cohort compared with the controls. Female (OR: 4.55, 95% CI: 1.53–13.48) PUD patients were more likely to display an increased risk of depression within 30 days after eradication therapy. Clarithromycin use was related to an elevated likelihood (OR: 3.14, 95% CI: 1.45–6.80) of subsequent depressive disorder within 30 days after eradication therapy.ConclusionsAntibiotic eradication treatment for H. pylori infection is associated with a significant short‐term (less than 30 days) increase in the incidence of psychiatrist‐diagnosed depressive disorder, which can be overlooked by gastroenterologists and general practitioners.
CRISPR‐based detection of Helicobacter pylori in stool samples
Authors: Qiu Enming , Jin Shaoqin , Xiao Zhuo , Chen Qianyun , Wang Qiaohui , Liu Huayong , Xie Chanfang , Chen Chong , Li Zhou , Han Shuai 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundNoninvasive detection of Helicobacter pylori plays an important role in clinical practice. However, few noninvasive methods have been applied in epidemiological studies due to the requirement for expensive equipment and complicated processes. The aim of this study was to establish a reliable, fast, and inexpensive noninvasive method based on CRISPR‐Cas12a technology for the detection of Helicobacter pylori in stool specimens.MethodA novel detection method based on CRISPR‐Cas12a technology was established and validated with 41 stool specimens collected from Zhujiang Hospital and compared with reliable Helicobacter pylori detection assays, such as the rapid urease test and urea breath test.ResultA CRISPR‐Cas12a system‐based method was established, and its sensitivity and specificity were evaluated. Utilizing a lateral flow biosensor, the limit of detection was 5 copies/μl, and our method could successfully distinguish Helicobacter pylori from other pathogens, suggesting no cross‐reactivity with other pathogens. Furthermore, lateral flow biosensor strips were utilized to test stool specimens, which could display the detection results in an accessible way.ConclusionOur CRISPR‐Cas12a system‐based method successfully detected Helicobacter pylori in stool specimens. It is a rapid, simple, and inexpensive method for the detection and screening of Helicobacter pylori, which makes it a very promising supplemental test. However, its sensitivity and specificity compared with those of the gold standard test still need to be examined.
Ensuring patient and public involvement in the transition to AI‐assisted mental health care: A systematic scoping review and agenda for design justice
Authors: Zidaru Teodor , Morrow Elizabeth M. , Stockley Rich 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundMachine‐learning algorithms and big data analytics, popularly known as ‘artificial intelligence’ (AI), are being developed and taken up globally. Patient and public involvement (PPI) in the transition to AI‐assisted health care is essential for design justice based on diverse patient needs.ObjectiveTo inform the future development of PPI in AI‐assisted health care by exploring public engagement in the conceptualization, design, development, testing, implementation, use and evaluation of AI technologies for mental health.MethodsSystematic scoping review drawing on design justice principles, and (i) structured searches of Web of Science (all databases) and Ovid (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Global Health and Embase); (ii) handsearching (reference and citation tracking); (iii) grey literature; and (iv) inductive thematic analysis, tested at a workshop with health researchers.ResultsThe review identified 144 articles that met inclusion criteria. Three main themes reflect the challenges and opportunities associated with PPI in AI‐assisted mental health care: (a) applications of AI technologies in mental health care; (b) ethics of public engagement in AI‐assisted care; and (c) public engagement in the planning, development, implementation, evaluation and diffusion of AI technologies.ConclusionThe new data‐rich health landscape creates multiple ethical issues and opportunities for the development of PPI in relation to AI technologies. Further research is needed to understand effective modes of public engagement in the context of AI technologies, to examine pressing ethical and safety issues and to develop new methods of PPI at every stage, from concept design to the final review of technology in practice. Principles of design justice can guide this agenda.
Patient‐centred e‐health supports value cocreation and quality of medical care in Taiwan
Authors: Yan Yu‐Hua , Yang Chen‐Wei , Fang Shih‐Chieh 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatient‐centred e‐health (PCEH) focusses on the interaction between patients and physicians. However, only a limited number of studies have focussed on the design of physician–patient value cocreation mechanisms in the PCEH context. Thus, we extend Grönroos’ concept of value cocreation to understand how PCEH might improve the quality of care.ObjectivesThis study proposes a theoretical framework to embody PCEH‐supported value cocreation and presents some empirical validation. We expect that PCEH‐supported value cocreation should comprise capabilities for patient empowerment, intention for information sharing, complementation for checking and verifying information, and interaction for shared understanding.MethodsThis study surveyed a small group of patients that have used PCEH, ‘My Health Bank’ in Taiwan. The questionnaires were delivered to patients in hospitals (n = 167 questionnaires, 98% response rate).ResultsResults indicate that certain PCEH‐supported value cocreation mechanisms—capabilities for patient empowerment and interaction for shared understanding—affect the perceived quality of medical care.LimitationsThe survey only considered patient perceptions of value cocreation.ConclusionThis study shows the patient perception of value cocreation in patient‐centred e‐Health. Further research needs to validate the framework for health professionals and in other e‐Health record information sharing settings.
A hungry Histiocyte, altered immunity and myriad of problems: Diagnostic challenges for Pediatric HLH
Authors: Gera Akriti , Misra Aroonima , Tiwari Aditi , Singh Amitabh , Mehndiratta Sumit 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionHemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an immune deregulation disorder with varied clinical presentation which clinically overlaps with widespread tropical infections.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective chart review of children diagnosed with HLH at our center from February‐2017 to October‐2020.ResultsOut of the nine diagnosed patients, genetic predisposition was present in three children; two had identified infectious triggers. The mean age of presentation was 30 months with male predominance. The most common clinical findings were fever, organomegaly, and pancytopenia. The median value of fibrinogen was‐156 mg/dL, ferritin‐12 957 ng/mL and for triglycerides‐349 mg/dL, respectively. In children with identified genetic predisposition, serum ferritin levels were usually more than 10 000 ng/mL. The majority of our patients had evidence of hemophagocytosis on bone marrow examination. In our experience, although nonspecific, very high ferritin and serum triglycerides with low fibrinogen in a patient with bi‐cytopenia, pancytopenia was the most suggestive evidence of HLH. Genetic evaluation in our series identified three children, one with primary HLH genetic mutation and two with underlying immune deficiency syndrome. The presence of HLH in the accelerated phase of Chediak‐Higashi and AD Hyper IgE syndrome with HLH is extremely rare. Leishmaniasis (in nonendemic area) and Ebstein‐Barr virus (EBV) was identified as an infectious trigger in two cases. Most of our cases received treatment as per HLH 2004 protocol. Three children died during the initial diagnosis and treatment. HLH with subcutaneous panniculitis‐like T‐cell lymphoma recovered well.ConclusionHLH remains a life‐threatening disorder associated with a variety of underlying illnesses as highlighted by our case series.