bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recombinant Interferon Alpha-2B as Primary Treatment for Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia
Authors: Ghaffari Reza , Barijani Sahar , Alivand Arash , Latifi Golshan , Ghassemi Hamed , Zarei-Ghanavati Mehran , Djalilian Ali R. 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
To investigate the effects of topical and perilesional interferon alpha-2b as primary treatment for ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN).

Methods:
In this prospective interventional case series, topical interferon alpha-2b (3 MIU/mL) was used as the initial treatment of OSSN, with perilesional interferon alpha-2b (3 MIU/mL) added based on clinical response. The primary outcome was complete tumor resolution. Spearman's rank correlation test was used to investigate the association of complete tumor resolution and time to resolution with baseline tumor characteristics and the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) classification for OSSN.

Results:
Ninety-two patients (92 OSSN tumors) were included in the study. The total follow-up duration was 13.57 ± 2.14 months (median: 12, range: 3–23). The median basal tumor diameter was 4 mm (mean: 4.13 ± 1.37). Complete tumor resolution was achieved in 89 cases (96.73%), with a median time to complete tumor resolution of 5 months (mean: 4.64 ± 1.92). Complete tumor resolution was 57 of 57 in T1 (100%), 8 of 9 in T2 (88.88%), and 21 of 23 in T3 (91.30%). There were statistically significant correlations between AJCC classification and complete tumor resolution (Spearman's r = −0.22, P = 0.03) and maximal basal tumor diameter and the time to complete resolution (Spearman's r = 0.35, P = 0.001). There were no recurrences during the study follow-up period.

Conclusion:
Topical interferon alpha-2b is effective and well tolerated as a primary treatment for OSSN, with a high rate of tumors responding completely to therapy.
The role of MRI in evaluating vascular causes of nonhypoxic–ischemic neonatal encephalopathy
Authors: El-Beheiry Ahmed A. , Attaalla Athar M. , Ettaby Ashraf N. , Abd El-Mohsen Mohsen A. , Abdelkarim Marwa 
Published: November 2021

Background
Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) is a clinical syndrome characterized by abnormal neurobehavioral status of the newborn.

Aim
This study was conducted to evaluate the role of MRI in identifying vascular causes of NE.

Patients and methods
The study was conducted on 50 full-term neonates admitted to the neonatal ICU at Alexandria University Children’s Hospital with clinical picture suggestive of encephalopathy. MRI examinations were performed on a 1.5-T General Electric (GE) machine.

Results
In the current study, the causes of non-hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy NE were categorized into six groups, each group displayed specific MRI features. P value was calculated, and the results revealed that MRI was successful in reaching the final diagnosis with P value of 0.045, confidence interval 95%, and RRF=1.385.

Conclusion
Those with vascular insults had 1.39 times the rate of reaching a final diagnosis compared with those with nonvascular insults.
TÁC ĐỘNG TRÁCH NHIỆM XÃ HỘI CỦA DOANH NGHIỆP ĐẾN HÀNH VI MUA CỦA KHÁCH HÀNG TẠI THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH
Authors: VÂN NGUYỄN THỊ 
Published: November 2021

Khách hàng là một trong những nhân tố quan trọng quyết định sự thành bại của DN, và hiện nay khi đưa ra bất kỳ một quyết định mua sắm nào, ít nhiều họ đều quan tâm xem DN có thực hiện tốt trách nhiệm xã hội hay không. Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện nhằm phân tích sự tác động chính sách trách nhiệm xã hội của doanh nghiệp đến hành vi mua của khách hàng tại thành phố Hồ Chí Minh từ đó xác định các nhân tố ảnh hưởng và trọng số của từng nhân tố, dùng làm cơ sở để nhóm tác giả đưa ra các hàm ý quản trị nhằm nâng cao hiệu quả kinh doanh cho doanh nghiệp tại TPHCM. Sử dụng phương pháp nghiên cứu định tính và định lượng, nhóm tác giả tiến hành khảo sát 274 người với 27 biến quan sát. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy có 05 nhân tố tác động như sau: trách nhiệm về kinh tế, trách nhiệm về pháp luật, trách nhiệm về đạo đức, trách nhiệm về từ thiện, và trách nhiệm về môi trường tác động tích cực đến hành vi mua của khách hàng tại thành phố Hồ Chí Minh.
Accuracy of lung ultrasound and chest X-rays in diagnosing acute pulmonary oedema in patients presenting with acute dyspnoea in emergency department
Authors: Sanniya Khan Ghauri  , Khawaja Junaid Mustafa  , Arslaan Javaeed  , Abdus Salam Khan  
Published: November 2021

To determine the diagnostic accuracy of lung ultrasound and chest X-ray in diagnosing Acute Pulmonary Edema (APE) in patients presenting with acute dyspnea in emergency department. This study was conducted at the emergency department of Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad from 31st July 2018 to 31st January 2019. A total of 225 patients presenting with dyspnoea and satisfying inclusion criteria were assessed by clinical examination, lung USG and chest X-ray. The results of chest X-ray and lung USG were compared with clinical diagnosis. The current study revealed sensitivity of chest X-ray and LUS ( 60.16% versus 91.05%), specificity (66.67% versus 91.18%), positive predictive value (68.52% versus 92.56%) and the negative predictive values (58.12% versus 89.42%) respectively. Present study revealed that the LUS has better accuracy than chest X-ray for diagnosis of APE.
Continuou...
Very early onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD); spectrum of clinical presentation, diagnostic tools and outcome in children
Authors: Huma Arshad Cheema  , Nadia Waheed  , Anjum Saeed  , Zafar Fayyaz  , Muhammad Nadeem Anjum  , Muhammad Arshad Alvi  , Syeda Sara Batool  
Published: November 2021

Background:
Very early-onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD) is defined as diagnosis of Ulcerative Colitis (UC) or Crohn’s Disease (CD) in children under six years of age. Genome wide association studies have linked a strong genetic component responsible for VEO-IBD. Approximately, 30-40% children of VEO-IBD have underlying immunodeficiency states. We aimed to study the spectrum of presentation, underlying monogenetic defects and outcome in VEO-IBD.
Methods: This is a prospective, observational study conducted at division of Gastroenterology, the Children's Hospital & the Institute of Child Health, Lahore, over 2 years. Children developing features of IBD under six-years of age were included. Data included demography, clinical presentation, diagnostic tools and outcome. Gastroscopy and colonoscopy were performed in all patients in addition to basic work up done for associatedimmunodeficiency states and molecular genetics. SPSS version 21 was used for analysis.
Continuous...
Oil exploration and discovery in the basement rocks of Bach Ho field: Documentation, facts and lessons
Authors: Tran Van Hoi , Nguyen Van Duc , Pham Xuan Son 
Published: November 2021

During the 40 years of operation and development (1981 - 2021), the Vietnam - Russia Joint Venture "Vietsovpetro" has witnessed many historical milestones, but the discovery of industrial oil for the first time from the fractured and weathered granite basement at exploration well BH-6 on 11 May 1987 is the most important one.
From the first oil in the basement rock of Bach Ho field, Vietsovpetro consecutively discovered industrial oil in other fields in its area of operation, such as Dong Bac Rong (1991), Dong Nam Rong (1995), Nam Rong (2005), Nam Trung Tam Rong (2006), etc. At the beginning of 2018, the 2P (P1+P2) oil reserve from the basement rock accounted for 74% of Vietsovpetro's total balanced reserves at that time. As of 1 October 2021, the total oil produced from the basement reached 235 million m3 (195 million tons), accounting for 86% of Vietsovpetro's total oil output.
Being encouraged by the success and experience of Vietsovpetro, other domestic and foreign oil and gas companies (PVEP, JVPC, Talisman, and Petronas, etc.) have explored and discovered oil and gas from the granite basement and put the fields of Rang Dong, Su Tu Den, Hong Ngoc, and Hai Su Den, etc. into operation. This fact has, at the same time, created a strong attraction for domestic and foreign investors, making important contributions to the rapid development of Vietnam's oil and gas industry which was still very young at the time.
The above-mentioned shows that it is time to study data and documents, draw lessons from success and failure gained during the 40 years of basement exploration. The outcomes should be used as a basis to formulate an appropriate exploration strategy for Vietsovpetro in the coming decades with strong fluctuations in the oil and gas market expected, and the inevitable depletion of non-renewable resources worldwide.
Effect of Synaid on cognitive functions and mood in elderly subjects with self-perceived loss of memory after COVID-19 infection
Authors: Bove Marilisa , Fogacci Federica , Quattrocchi Silvia , Veronesi Maddalena , Cicero Arrigo 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionThere is growing attention towards the possible long-term effect of COVID-19 on neuropsychiatric disorders.Material and methodsWe tested the effect of a combined nutraceutical (Synaid) with known nootropic effects in 40 elderly patients with self-perceived cognitive decline after SARS-CoV-2 infection, treated at home or in hospital.ResultsAfter 3 months of treatment, Synaid significantly improved functional status, MMSE and the main psychological disorders associated with mild cognitive impairment, both in patients previously cared for at home and in hospital because of SARS-CoV-2 infection.ConclusionsSynaid was well tolerated and effective in improving cognitive function and psychosocial parameters after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
CAFTA-DR, importaciones de granos básicos y la destrucción de la agricultura salvadoreña
Authors: Cáceres Araniva Luis René 
Published: November 2021

Este trabajo presenta argumentos que defienden que no es conveniente para nuestro país poner en vigor la cláusula establecida en el tratado del CAFTA-DR sobre la importación de maíz y maicillo libres de impuestos. Se insiste en que la agricultura nacional, lo mismo que el sector manufacturero, ha sufrido severas contracciones desde los años noventa y una medida de esa naturaleza podría dar un golpe terminal al sector, con consecuencias en términos de aumentos de desempleo, violencia, inseguridad alimentaria y emigración regular. El trabajo presenta datos que permiten apreciar la contracción de los sectores productivos a raíz del crecimiento desmedido de las importaciones resultantes de la reducción de la tarifa a las importaciones, situación que se agravaría si la cláusula en cuestión entrara en vigor. La recomendación es que se negocie con los EE. UU. que esa cláusula se deje sin efecto. En los anexos, se presentan propuestas relacionadas con inversiones en el sector agropecuario, con el apoyo a la caficultura nacional mediante la emisión de una moneda electrónica y sobre el diseño de un portal electrónico para la venta de café en el mercado nacional e internacional.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 76, No. 765, 2021: 181-206.
Effect of substituting maize grain with cobs treated with combinations of urea and wood ash on chemical composition and in sacco degradability
Authors: Abdulazeez A. , Madibela O. R. , Tsopito C. M. 
Published: November 2021

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of substituting maize grain with maize cobs treated with 25% urea (U) plus 75% wood ash (WA) on chemical composition and in sacco degradability. Maize grain was substituted with graded levels of 25U75WA in the dietary ingredients and the treatments were: 100M = 100% maize grain, 66M34C = 66% maize grain plus 34% treated maize cobs, 34M66C = 34% maize grain plus 66% treated maize cobs and 100C = 100% treated maize cobs. Samples were analyzed for dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ash, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL); they were incubated in saccofor 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hrs and their DM degradation kinetics described using the equation y = a + b ct (1- e- ). Results indicated that as maize grain is substituted with treated maize cobs, NDF, ADF and ADL also increased, however only the neutral detergent soluble (NDS) for treatment 100C was reduced. At 72 hrs of incubation, treatment 34M66C had the highest DM degradation, rapidly soluble fraction 'a' and potential degradability 'a+b'. It was concluded that maize cobs treated with combinations of urea and WA could substitute 66% of maize grain in sheep diets.

Une expérience a été menée pour déterminer l'effet de la substitution du grain de maïs par des épis de maïs traités avec 25 % d'urée (U) plus 75 % de cendre de bois (WA) sur la composition chimique et la dégradabilité du sac. Le grain de maïs a été remplacé par des niveaux gradués de 25U75WA dans les ingrédients alimentaires et les traitements étaient : et 100C = 100 % d'épis de maïs traités. Les échantillons ont été analysés pour la matière sèche (MS), la matière organique (MO), les cendres, les protéines brutes (CP), les fibres au détergent neutre (NDF), les fibres au détergent acide (ADF) et la lignine au détergent acide (ADL) ; ils ont été incubés dans sacco pour 6, 12, 24, 48 et 72 heures et leur cinétique de dégradation de la matière sèche décrite en utilisant l'équation y = a + b (1-e-ct). Les résultats ont indiqué que lorsque le grain de maïs est remplacé par des épis de maïs traités, NDF, ADF et ADL ont également augmenté, mais que seul le détergent neutre soluble (NDS) pour le traitement 100C a été réduit. À 72 heures d'incubation, le traitement 34M66C présentait la plus forte dégradation de MS, la fraction rapidement soluble « a » et la dégradabilité potentielle « a+b ». Il a été conclu que les épis de maïs traités avec des combinaisons d'urée et d'AO pouvaient remplacer 66% des grains de maïs dans l'alimentation des moutons.
Pemberdayaan Remaja Melalui Poster Kesehatan Online di Desa Pulau Harapan Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara
Authors: Hilmawan Rian , Putri Dita Ariana 
Published: November 2021

Kegiatan pemberdayaan remaja melalui penyebaran poster kesehatan online di Desa Pulau Harapan Kecamatan Muara Muntai Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara merupakan program sosialisasi kepada remaja untuk mendukung upaya menjaga dan meningkatkan imunitas tubuh dari Covid-19, yang diharapkan dapat disebarluaskan komunitas remaja kepada masyarakat desa. Program ini bertujuan sebagai bentuk upaya penanggulangan wabah Covid-19, karena pentingnya menjaga kesehatan agar tubuh tetap prima sehingga imunitas tubuh tidak menurun dan terhindar dari paparan virus. Program ini dilaksanakan pada 22 – 25 Juli 2020 mengunakan metode pemberdayaan remaja dengan jumlah peserta yang terpilih sebanyak tujuh (7) orang. Langkah awal dilakukan meliputi pengumpulan data, penentuan metode, pembuatan poster yang relevan dengan karakteristik desa, dan langkah terakhir melakukan penyebaran informasi dengan model pemberdayaan remaja ke semua media sosial yang mereka punya. Hasil dari kegiatan ini berguna bagi remaja untuk meningkatkan dan memperhatikan kesehatan tubuhnya serta semakin waspada dalam menghadapi wabah virus Covid-19 dan sebagai pembelajaran dalam menyampaikan informasi ke masyarakat desanya.
THEREDA – Thermodynamic Reference Database
Authors: Moog Helge C. , Scharge Tina , Seher Holger , Bok Frank , Brendler Vinzenz , Richter Anke , Wissmeier Laurin , Altmaier Marcus , Gaona Xavier , Cevirim-Papaioannou Nese , Freyer Daniela , Pannach Melanie , Sohr Julia , Voigt Wolfgang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Part of the process to ensure the safety of radioactive waste disposal is the
predictive modeling of the solubility of all relevant toxic components in a
complex aqueous solution. To ensure the reliability of thermodynamic
equilibrium modeling as well as to facilitate the comparison of such
calculations done by different institutions, it is necessary to create a
mutually accepted thermodynamic reference database. To meet this demand
several institutions in Germany joined efforts and created THEREDA (Moog et
al., 2015). THEREDA is a suite of programs at the base of which resides a relational
databank. Special emphasis is put on thermodynamic data along with suitable
Pitzer coefficients, which enable the calculation of solubilities in
high-saline solutions. Registered users may either download single
thermodynamic data or ready-to-use parameter files for the geochemical
speciation codes PHREEQC, Geochemist's Workbench, CHEMAPP, or TOUGHREACT. Data
can also be downloaded in a generic JSON format to enable the import into
other codes. The database can be accessed via the world wide web:
http://www.thereda.de (last access: 1 November 2021). Prior to release, the released part of the database is subjected to many
tests. Results are compared to results from earlier releases and among the
different codes. This is to ensure that by additions of new and modification
of existing data no adverse side effects on calculations are
caused. Furthermore, our website offers an increasing number of examples for
applications, including graphical representation, which can be filtered by
components of the calculated system.
Twenty years of research on spent nuclear fuel in the context of final disposal at KIT-INE in multinational collaborative projects
Authors: Herm Michel , Bohnert Elke , Iglesias Pérez Luis , König Tobias , Metz Volker , Walschburger Arndt , Geckeis Horst 
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Disposal of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) in deep geological repositories is considered a preferential option for the management of such wastes in many countries with nuclear power plants. With the aim to permanently and safely isolate the radionuclide inventory from the biosphere for a sufficient time, a multibarrier system consisting of technical, geotechnical and geological barriers is interposed between the emplaced waste and the environment. In safety assessments for deep underground repositories, access of water, followed by failure of canisters and finally loss of the cladding integrity is considered in the long-term. Hence, evaluating the performance of SNF in deep geological disposal systems requires process understanding of SNF dissolution and rates as well as quantification of radionuclides release from SNF under reducing conditions of a breached container. In order to derive a radionuclide source term, the SNF dissolution and alteration processes can be assigned to two steps: (i) instantaneous release of radionuclides upon cladding failure from gap and grain boundaries and (ii) a long-term release that results from dissolution of the fuel grains itself (Ewing, 2015). In this context, research at KIT-INE has focused for more than 20 years on the behavior of SNF (irradiated UO2 and MOX fuels) under geochemical conditions (pH, redox and ionic strength) representative of various repository concepts, including the interaction of SNF with backfill material, such as bentonite as well as the influence of iron corrosion products, e.g. magnetite and radiolytic reactions on SNF dissolution mechanisms. Since 2001, KIT-INE has contributed with experimental and theoretical studies on the behavior of SNF under repository relevant conditions to six Euratom projects viz SFS (2001–2004), NF-PRO (2004–2006), MICADO (2006–2009), RECOSY (2007–2011), FIRST-Nuclides (2012–2014) and DISCO (2016–2021). Moreover, since 2007, overall 4 consecutive projects for the Belgian waste management organization, ONDRAF-NIRAS, were performed on the behavior of SNF under conditions representative of the Belgian “Supercontainer” concept. In this contribution, we summarize major achievements of theses research projects to understand and quantify the radionuclide release from dissolving SNF under repository conditions. In particular, the dependence of radionuclide release on the chemical composition of the aqueous and gaseous phase in the proximity of repositories in different types of host rock is discussed.
Terrestrial photogrammetry: a method to gather data on fractures for DFN modelling from exposed rock surfaces
Authors: Loeckle Filip 
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The stochastic generation of discrete fracture networks (DFN) is a method for
modelling fracture patterns used to assess the in situ fragmentation in a
volume of rock. The DFN modelling approach is based on the
assumption that the natural fragmentation of rocks is a function of the length and
connectivity of the fractures within the considered volume of rock. Thus, in order to generate a site-specific DFN, the
primary geometric properties of the fracture surfaces within the
rock volume (especially orientation, size and fracture intensity as well as
the local spatial variability) must be defined as distribution functions (Elmo
et al., 2014). The required base statistics are usually obtained from fracture
analysis on boreholes, exposed rock surfaces or (to a limited extent) 3D
seismics (e.g. Bisdom et al., 2014; Bemis et al., 2014). We adopted a terrestrial close-range photogrammetry approach to capture
several outcrops and analyse fracture traces on the exposed rock surfaces, the chosen
workflow is based around the use of free and open-source software. Images were
acquired from several quarries in the Weschnitzpluton, a
granodioritic to quartz monzodioritic pluton in the Bergstrasse Odenwald
(e.g. Altherr et al., 1999) using a consumer-grade Nikon D5300
DSLR with fixed focal length instead of a drone or Lidar-system for legal
reasons, partially tree-lined outcrops and cost efficiency. Since point clouds
obtained from photogrammetry are inherently dimensionless, we used a spherical
target with compass and bubble level for scale and proper spatial orientation
(Froideval et al., 2019). The exact geolocation is not particularly important
for the task, so the use of GPS, total station or georeferenced ground control
points is not necessary. Dense point clouds were computed using the open
source SfM photogrammetry suite Meshroom (AliceVision, 2021), which can be
used for manual or semi-automatic detection of fracture surfaces and their orientation
(Schnabel et al., 2007) and to generate orthorectified images of the rock surface
to trace fracture lengths and nodes in a GIS (Nyberg et al., 2018). Our
investigations proved terrestrial photogrammetry to be a valuable and easily accessible tool in the
documentation of natural fracture patterns and a robust base for the
generation of DFN networks.
ANÁLISE DA TAXA DE LETALIDADE DE ABORTO POR SÍFILIS NO BRASIL, REGIÕES E CAPITAIS
Authors: Dorneles Fernanda Vaz , Oliveira Amanda Curtinaz de , Silva Mariana Xavier da , Pasetto Bianca de Moura , Monteiro Bianca Ledur , Linch Graciele Fernanda da Costa , Paz Adriana Aparecida 
Published: November 2021

Objetivo: analisar a ocorrência da Taxa de Letalidade de abortos por sífilis no Brasil, regiões e capitais. Método: estudo retrospectivo do período de 2009 a 2018, observando dados do Brasil, Regiões e Capitais, com base em indicadores do DATASUS/Ministério da Saúde. Resultados: O Brasil apresentou redução na taxa de letalidade de aborto por sífilis, encerrando o ano de 2018 com 2,22 casos para cada 100 gestantes com sífilis. As cinco regiões brasileiras também apresentaram queda na taxa de letalidade de 2009 para 2018, podendo estar relacionada a uma melhoria no diagnóstico e tratamento. A região Nordeste teve a taxa de letalidade mais alta (9,98 em 2009) e concentra as capitais com maiores taxas (Fortaleza, com 85,18, seguida de Aracaju, com 61,53, no ano de 2012. As capitais Macapá, Porto Velho, São Luís e Natal apresentaram ausência de registro de casos de aborto por sífilis em todo ou parte do período analisado. Na Região Sul, Porto Alegre tem maior taxa de letalidade (29,77 em 2015), após emissão de Nota Técnica orientando testagem rápida nas situações de abortamento. Conclusão: a taxa de letalidade de aborto pode estar relacionada às desigualdades socioeconômicas de cada local, o que implica na qualidade da assistência ao pré-natal, à acessibilidade aos serviços de saúde e ao diagnóstico precoce e tratamento adequado.