bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome activation in equine in vitro–produced embryos
Authors: Goszczynski D E , Tinetti P S , Choi Y H , Hinrichs K , Ross P J 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEmbryonic genome activation is a critical event in embryo development, in which the transcriptional program of the embryo is initiated. The timing and regulation of this process are species-specific. In vitro embryo production is becoming an important clinical and research tool in the horse; however, very little is known about genome activation in this species. The objective of this work was to identify the timing of genome activation, and the transcriptional networks involved, in in vitro–produced horse embryos. RNA-Seq was performed on oocytes and embryos at eight stages of development (MII, zygote, 2-cell, 4-cell, 8-cell, 16-cell, morula, blastocyst; n = 6 per stage, 2 from each of 3 mares). Transcription of seven genes was initiated at the 2-cell stage. The first substantial increase in gene expression occurred at the 4-cell stage (minor activation), followed by massive gene upregulation and downregulation at the 8-cell stage (major activation). An increase in intronic nucleotides, indicative of transcription initiation, was also observed at the 4-cell stage. Co-expression network analyses identified groups of genes that appeared to be regulated by common mechanisms. Investigation of hub genes and binding motifs enriched in the promoters of co-expressed genes implicated several transcription factors. This work represents, to the best of our knowledge, the first genomic evaluation of embryonic genome activation in horse embryos.
Allele-specific expression analysis reveals conserved and unique features of preimplantation development in equine ICSI embryos
Authors: Goszczynski D E , Tinetti P S , Choi Y H , Ross P J , Hinrichs K 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Embryonic genome activation and dosage compensation are major genetic events in early development. Combined analysis of single embryo RNA-seq data and parental genome sequencing was used to evaluate parental contributions to early development and investigate X-chromosome dynamics. In addition, we evaluated dimorphism in gene expression between male and female embryos. Evaluation of parent-specific gene expression revealed a minor increase in paternal expression at the 4-cell stage that increased at the 8-cell stage. We also detected eight genes with allelic expression bias that may have an important role in early development, notably NANOGNB. The main actor in X-chromosome inactivation, XIST, was significantly upregulated at the 8-cell, morula, and blastocyst stages in female embryos, with high expression at the latter. Sexual dimorphism in gene expression was identified at all stages, with strong representation of the X-chromosome in females from the 16-cell to the blastocyst stage. Female embryos showed biparental X-chromosome expression at all stages after the 4-cell stage, demonstrating the absence of imprinted X-inactivation at the embryo level. The analysis of gene dosage showed incomplete dosage compensation (0.5 &lt; X:A &lt; 1) in MII oocytes and embryos up to the 4-cell stage, an increase of the X:A ratio at the 16-cell and morula stages after genome activation, and a decrease of the X:A ratio at the blastocyst stage, which might be associated with the beginning of X-chromosome inactivation. This study represents the first critical analysis of parent- and sex-specific gene expression in early equine embryos produced in vitro.
‘I Married a Gay Man’: Tongqi’s Agency in Marital Decisions
Authors: Zhou Yao , Xie Hui , Song Changhui 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
There has been an increasing interest in the ‘tongqi phenomenon’ in China. The ‘tongqi phenomenon’ is usually described in research as mixed-orientation marriages (MOMs). Tongqi refers to a group of heterosexual women who unwittingly married non-straight men. While the literature on the ‘tongqi phenomenon’ has mainly focused on the adverse effects and victimisation on tongqi, this qualitative study aimed to understand how tongqi construct their reality/perplexity within a MOM on how they determined conjugal relationships after discovering their husband’s sexual orientation. We adopted the virtual ethnography method to conduct non-participant observation in the tongqi online support group, followed by fourteen semi-structured, in-depth interviews in China. Three main themes emerged via thematic analysis: maintaining the intact marriage, reframing their marriage and getting a divorce. Tongqi showed agency and resilience in understanding their marital situations, navigating resources and making marital life fit their reality. The practical implications for social work and future studies are discussed.
Multimodal mechanisms of human socially reinforced learning across neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Legaz Agustina , Abrevaya Sofía , Dottori Martín , González Campo Cecilia , Birba Agustina , Martorell Caro Miguel , Aguirre Julieta , Slachevsky Andrea , Aranguiz Rafael , Serrano Cecilia , Gillan Claire M , Leroi Iracema , García Adolfo M , Fittipaldi Sol , Ibañez Agustín 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSocial feedback can selectively enhance learning in diverse domains. Relevant neurocognitive mechanisms have been studied mainly in healthy persons, yielding correlational findings. Neurodegenerative lesion models, coupled with multimodal brain measures, can complement standard approaches by revealing direct multidimensional correlates of the phenomenon.To this end, we assessed socially reinforced and non-socially reinforced learning in 40 healthy participants as well as persons with behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (n = 21), Parkinson’s disease (n = 31) and Alzheimer’s disease (n = 20). These conditions are typified by predominant deficits in social cognition, feedback-based learning and associative learning, respectively, although all three domains may be partly compromised in the other conditions. We combined a validated behavioural task with ongoing EEG signatures of implicit learning (medial frontal negativity) and offline MRI measures (voxel-based morphometry).In healthy participants, learning was facilitated by social feedback relative to non-social feedback. In comparison with controls, this effect was specifically impaired in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia and Parkinson’s disease, while unspecific learning deficits (across social and non-social conditions) were observed in Alzheimer’s disease. EEG results showed increased medial frontal negativity in healthy controls during social feedback and learning. Such a modulation was selectively disrupted in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia. Neuroanatomical results revealed extended temporo-parietal and fronto-limbic correlates of socially reinforced learning, with specific temporo-parietal associations in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia and predominantly fronto-limbic regions in Alzheimer’s disease. In contrast, non-socially reinforced learning was consistently linked to medial temporal/hippocampal regions. No associations with cortical volume were found in Parkinson’s disease. Results are consistent with core social deficits in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia, subtle disruptions in ongoing feedback-mechanisms and social processes in Parkinson’s disease and generalized learning alterations in Alzheimer’s disease. This multimodal approach highlights the impact of different neurodegenerative profiles on learning and social feedback.Our findings inform a promising theoretical and clinical agenda in the fields of social learning, socially reinforced learning and neurodegeneration.
Short- and Long-term Outcomes of Group B Streptococcus Invasive Disease in Mozambican Children: Results of a Matched Cohort and Retrospective Observational Study and Implications for Future Vaccine Introduction
Authors: Bramugy Justina , Mucasse Humberto , Massora Sergio , Vitorino Pio , Aerts Céline , Mandomando Inacio , Paul Proma , Chandna Jaya , Seedat Farah , Lawn Joy E , Bardají Azucena , Bassat Quique 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Invasive group B Streptococcus disease (iGBS) in infancy, including meningitis or sepsis, carries a high risk of mortality and neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI). We present data on iGBS from 2 decades of surveillance in Manhiça, Mozambique, with a focus on NDI.

Methods
Morbidity surveillance databases in a rural Mozambican district hospital were screened for iGBS cases. From February 2020 to March 2021, surviving iGBS patients (n = 39) plus age- and sex-matched children without iGBS (n = 119) were assessed for neurocognitive development, vision, and hearing. The role of GBS in stillbirths and infant deaths was investigated using minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS).

Results
Ninety iGBS cases were included, with most children being &lt;3 months of age (85/90). The in-hospital case fatality rate was 14.4% (13/90), increasing to 17.8% (3 additional deaths) when considering mortality during the 6 months postdiagnosis. Fifty percent of the iGBS exposed infants and 10% of those unexposed showed any NDI. Surviving GBS conferred a 11-fold increased adjusted odds of moderate/severe NDI (odds ratio, 2.8 [95% confidence interval, .92–129.74]; P = .06) in children aged 0–5 years. For older children (6–18 years), no differences in NDI were found between exposed and unexposed. Motor domain was the most affected among young GBS survivors. Three stillbirths and 4 early neonatal deaths (of the 179 MITS performed) were attributed to iGBS.

Conclusions
In absence of preventive strategies, such as intrapartum antibiotics, iGBS remains a significant cause of perinatal and infant disease and death. GBS also causes major longer-term neurodevelopmental sequelae, altogether justifying the need for maternal GBS vaccination strategies to increase perinatal and infant survival.
Effect of Time Since Death on Multipathogen Molecular Test Results of Postmortem Specimens Collected Using Minimally Invasive Tissue Sampling Techniques
Authors: Dawa Jeanette , Walong Edwin , Onyango Clayton , Mathaiya John , Muturi Peter , Bunei Milka , Ochieng Washington , Barake Walter , Seixas Josilene N , Mayieka Lillian , Ochieng Melvin , Omballa Victor , Lidechi Shirley , Hunsperger Elizabeth , Otieno Nancy A , Ritter Jana M , Widdowson Marc-Alain , Diaz Maureen H , Winchell Jonas M , Martines Roosecelis B , Zaki Sherif R , Chaves Sandra S 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
We used postmortem minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS) to assess the effect of time since death on molecular detection of pathogens among respiratory illness–associated deaths.

Methods
Samples were collected from 20 deceased children (aged 1–59 months) hospitalized with respiratory illness from May 2018 through February 2019. Serial lung and/or liver and blood samples were collected using MITS starting soon after death and every 6 hours thereafter for up to 72 hours. Bodies were stored in the mortuary refrigerator for the duration of the study. All specimens were analyzed using customized multipathogen TaqMan® array cards (TACs).

Results
We identified a median of 3 pathogens in each child’s lung tissue (range, 1–8; n = 20), 3 pathogens in each child’s liver tissue (range, 1–4; n = 5), and 2 pathogens in each child’s blood specimen (range, 0–4; n = 5). Pathogens were not consistently detected across all collection time points; there was no association between postmortem interval and the number of pathogens detected (P = .43) and no change in TAC cycle threshold value over time for pathogens detected in lung tissue. Human ribonucleoprotein values indicated that specimens collected were suitable for testing throughout the study period.

Conclusions
Results suggest that lung, liver, and blood specimens can be collected using MITS procedures up to 4 days after death in adequately preserved bodies. However, inconsistent pathogen detection in samples needs careful consideration before drawing definitive conclusions on the etiologic causes of death.
Quantifying the Acute Care Costs of Neonatal Bacterial Sepsis and Meningitis in Mozambique and South Africa
Authors: Aerts Céline , Leahy Shannon , Mucasse Humberto , Lala Sanjay , Bramugy Justina , Tann Cally J , Madhi Shabir A , Bardají Azucena , Bassat Quique , Dangor Ziyaad , Lawn Joy E , Jit Mark , Procter Simon R 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Sepsis and meningitis are among the leading causes of neonatal deaths in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Neonatal sepsis caused ~400 000 deaths globally in 2015, half occurring in Africa. Despite this, there are few published data on the acute costs of neonatal sepsis or meningitis, with none in SSA.

Methods
We enrolled neonates admitted to 2 hospitals in South Africa and Mozambique between 16 April 2020 and 1 April 2021. In South Africa all cases were microbiologically confirmed, but in Mozambique both clinically suspected and microbiologically confirmed cases were included. Data were collected on healthcare resource use and length of stay, along with information on household expenditure and caregiving. We used unit costs of healthcare resources in local currencies to estimate healthcare provider costs per patient and costs per household. Results were converted to 2019 international dollars (I$).

Results
We enrolled 11 neonates in Mozambique and 18 neonates in South Africa. Mean length of stay was 10 days (median, 9 [interquartile range {IQR}, 4–14) and 16 days (median, 15 [IQR, 13–18]), respectively. In Mozambique we estimated mean household costs of I$49.62 (median, 10.19 [IQR, 5.10–95.12]) and hospitalization costs of I$307.58 (median, 275.12 [IQR, 149.43–386.12]). In South Africa these costs were I$52.31 (median, 30.82 [IQR, 19.25–73.08]) and I$684.06 (median, 653.62 [IQR, 543.33–827.53]), respectively.

Conclusions
We found substantial costs associated with acute neonatal bacterial (all-cause) sepsis and meningitis in SSA. Our estimates will inform economic evaluations of interventions to prevent neonatal invasive bacterial infections.
Lung Cancer Detection and Severity Level Classification Using Sine Cosine Sail Fish Optimization Based Generative Adversarial Network with CT Images
Authors: Selvapandian A   , Prabhu S Nagendra , Sivakumar P   , Rao D B Jagannadha 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper develops a lung nodule detection mechanism using the proposed sine cosine Sail Fish (SCSF) based generative adversarial network (GAN). However, the proposed SCSF-based GAN is designed by integrating the sine cosine algorithm with the SailFish optimizer, respectively. By using pre-processing, lung nodule segmentation, feature extraction, lung cancer detection, and severity level classification methods detection and classification are performed. The pre-processed computed tomography (CT) image is fed to the lung nodule segmentation phase, where the CT image is segmented into different sub-images to exactly detect the abnormal region. The segmented result after segmentation is fed to the feature extraction phase, where the features like mean, variance, entropy and hole entropy, are extracted from the nodule region. The affected regions are accurately detected using the loss function of the discriminator component. Finally, the lung nodules are detected and classified using the proposed SCSF-based GAN. The proposed approach obtained better performance with the accuracy of 96.925%, sensitivity of 96.900% and specificity of 97.920% for the first-level classification, and the accuracy of 94.987%, the sensitivity of 94.962% and specificity of 95.962% for second-level classification, respectively.
Phenology of Bean Leaf Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Ontario, Canada and Field Validation of a Degree-Day Model
Authors: McCreary Cara M , Smith Jocelyn L , Bahlai Christie A , Schaafsma Art W , Hallett Rebecca H 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The phenology and voltinism of bean leaf beetle, Cerotoma trifurcata (Forster), were examined in three counties in 2010 and two counties in 2011 in Ontario soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., fields. Soil samples from within cages containing field-collected beetles revealed one cycle of eggs, larvae, and pupae. Observed degree-day (DD) accumulations for C. trifurcata life stage events (egg hatch, egg hatch to pupation, and oviposition to peak adult) in field experiments were compared with thermal constants determined in a temperature-dependent development laboratory experiment where C. trifurcata were reared under five constant temperatures. Observed and predicted DDs for all life stage events were nearly identical. Mean DD accumulations from first oviposition to peak adult emergence in the field studies was 589 ± 67 DD (base 10.3°C), which was nearly identical to the model prediction (581 ± 40 DD, base 10.3°C).
Obesity modifies the energetic phenotype of dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Rayner Jennifer J , Peterzan Mark A , Clarke William T , Rodgers Christopher T , Neubauer Stefan , Rider Oliver J 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Aims
We sought to determine if myocardial energetics could distinguish obesity cardiomyopathy as a distinct entity from dilated cardiomyopathy.

Methods and results
Sixteen normal weight participants with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMNW), and 27 with DCM and obesity (DCMOB), were compared to 26 normal weight controls (CTLNW). All underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and 31P spectroscopy to assess function and energetics. Nineteen DCMOB underwent repeat assessment after a dietary weight loss intervention. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) delivery through creatine kinase (CK flux) was 55% lower in DCMNW than in CTLNW (P = 0.004), correlating with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF, r = 0.4, P = 0.015). In contrast, despite similar LVEF (DCMOB 41 ± 7%, DCMNW 38 ± 6%, P = 0.14), CK flux was two-fold higher in DCMOB (P &lt; 0.001), due to higher rate through CK [median kf 0.21 (0.14) vs. 0.11 (0.12) s−1, P = 0.002]. During increased workload, the CTLNW heart increased CK flux by 97% (P &lt; 0.001). In contrast, CK flux was unchanged in DCMNW and fell in DCMOB (by &gt;50%, P &lt; 0.001). Intentional weight loss was associated with positive left ventricular remodelling, with reduced left ventricular end-diastolic volume (by 8%, P &lt; 0.001) and a change in LVEF (40 ± 9% vs. 45 ± 10%, P = 0.002). This occurred alongside a fall in ATP delivery rate with weight loss (by 7%, P = 0.049).

Conclusions
In normal weight, DCM is associated with reduced resting ATP delivery. In obese DCM, ATP demand through CK is greater, suggesting reduced efficiency of energy utilization. Dietary weight loss is associated with significant improvement in myocardial contractility, and a fall in ATP delivery, suggesting improved metabolic efficiency. This highlights distinct energetic pathways in obesity cardiomyopathy, which are both different from dilated cardiomyopathy, and may be reversible with weight loss.
ESC guidance for the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease during the COVID-19 pandemic: part 2—care pathways, treatment, and follow-up
Authors:   The Task Force for the management of COVID-19 of the European Society of Cardiology, Baigent Colin , Windecker Stephan , Andreini Daniele , Arbelo Elena , Barbato Emanuele , Bartorelli Antonio L , Baumbach Andreas , Behr Elijah R , Berti Sergio , Bueno Héctor , Capodanno Davide , Cappato Riccardo , Chieffo Alaide , Collet Jean-Philippe , Cuisset Thomas , de Simone Giovanni , Delgado Victoria , Dendale Paul , Dudek Dariusz , Edvardsen Thor , Elvan Arif , González-Juanatey José R , Gori Mauro , Grobbee Diederick , Guzik Tomasz J , Halvorsen Sigrun , Haude Michael , Heidbuchel Hein , Hindricks Gerhard , Ibanez Borja , Karam Nicole , Katus Hugo , Klok Fredrikus A , Konstantinides Stavros V , Landmesser Ulf , Leclercq Christophe , Leonardi Sergio , Lettino Maddalena , Marenzi Giancarlo , Mauri Josepa , Metra Marco , Morici Nuccia , Mueller Christian , Petronio Anna Sonia , Polovina Marija M , Potpara Tatjana , Praz Fabien , Prendergast Bernard , Prescott Eva , Price Susanna , Pruszczyk Piotr , Rodríguez-Leor Oriol , Roffi Marco , Romaguera Rafael , Rosenkranz Stephan , Sarkozy Andrea , Scherrenberg Martijn , Seferovic Petar , Senni Michele , Spera Francesco R , Stefanini Giulio , Thiele Holger , Tomasoni Daniela , Torracca Lucia , Touyz Rhian M , Wilde Arthur A , Williams Bryan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsSince its emergence in early 2020, the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has reached pandemic levels, and there have been repeated outbreaks across the globe. The aim of this two part series is to provide practical knowledge and guidance to aid clinicians in the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular (CV) disease in association with COVID-19.Methods and resultsA narrative literature review of the available evidence has been performed, and the resulting information has been organized into two parts. The first, which was reported previously, focused on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis of CV conditions that may be manifest in patients with COVID-19. This second part addresses the topics of: care pathways and triage systems and management and treatment pathways, both of the most commonly encountered CV conditions and of COVID-19; and information that may be considered useful to help patients with CV disease (CVD) to avoid exposure to COVID-19.ConclusionThis comprehensive review is not a formal guideline but rather a document that provides a summary of current knowledge and guidance to practicing clinicians managing patients with CVD and COVID-19. The recommendations are mainly the result of observations and personal experience from healthcare providers. Therefore, the information provided here may be subject to change with increasing knowledge, evidence from prospective studies, and changes in the pandemic. Likewise, the guidance provided in the document should not interfere with recommendations provided by local and national healthcare authorities.
‘Chez moi pas chez moi’: Home(lessness) in Kim Thúy’s Narratives
Authors: Kistnareddy Ashwiny O 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In La Nostalgie: Quand donc est-on chez soi? Barbara Cassin posits the home as an ambivalent space where one can feel ‘chez [s]oi’ but also ‘pas chez [s]oi’. Discussing the feeling of being welcomed by those who inhabit the space she calls ‘home’, she underlines homelessness as the lack of hospitality. In a similar vein, Sara Ahmed, examining the notion of feeling ‘at home’, emphasizes the affective and bodily experience that homelessness confers when people are uprooted and need to adapt to a new country and environment. It is from this interrogation of what it means to be at home and homeless, to be homeless and yet at home, that I examine Kim Thúy’s Ru and Mãn, considering the extent to which Thúy’s texts interrogate the notion of forced migration, refugee integration and the ability to rebuild a home in the aftermath of war and displacement.