bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D status is heritable and under environment‐dependent selection in the wild
Authors: Sparks Alexandra M. , Johnston Susan E. , Handel Ian , Pilkington Jill G. , Berry Jacqueline , Pemberton Josephine M. , Nussey Daniel H. , Mellanby Richard J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractVitamin D has a well‐established role in skeletal health and is increasingly linked to chronic disease and mortality in humans and companion animals. Despite the clear significance of vitamin D for health and obvious implications for fitness under natural conditions, no longitudinal study has tested whether the circulating concentration of vitamin D is under natural selection in the wild. Here, we show that concentrations of dietary‐derived vitamin D2 and endogenously produced vitamin D3 metabolites are heritable and largely polygenic in a wild population of Soay sheep (Ovis aries). Vitamin D2 status was positively associated with female adult survival, and vitamin D3 status predicted female fecundity in particular, good environment years when sheep density and competition for resources was low. Our study provides evidence that vitamin D status has the potential to respond to selection, and also provides new insights into how vitamin D metabolism is associated with fitness in the wild.
Using NEWS2 to triage newly admitted patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Luo Zhen , Peng Xiaobei , Zhou Fangyi , Zhang Lei , Guo Mengwei , Peng Lingli 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has spread globally and caused a major worldwide health crisis. Patients who are affected more seriously by COVID‐19 usually deteriorate rapidly and need further intensive care.AimWe aimed to assess the performance of the National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2) as a risk stratification tool to discriminate newly admitted patients with COVID‐19 at risk of serious events.DesignWe conducted a retrospective single‐centre case‐control study on 200 unselected patients consecutively admitted in March 2020 in a public general hospital in Wuhan, China.MethodsThe following serious events were considered: mortality, unplanned intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and non‐invasive ventilation treatment. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to quantify the association between outcomes and NEWS2.ResultsThere were 12 patients (6.0%) who had serious events, where 7 patients (3.5%) experienced unplanned ICU admissions. The area under the ROC curve (AUROC) and cut‐off of NEWS2 for the composite outcome were 0.83 and 3, respectively. For patients with NEWS2 ≥ 4, the odds of being at risk for serious events was 16.4 (AUROC = 0.74), while for patients with NEWS2 ≥ 7, the odds of being at risk for serious events was 18.2 (AUROC = 0.71).ConclusionsNEWS2 has an appropriate ability to triage newly admitted patients with COVID‐19 into three levels of risk: low risk (NEWS2 = 0‐3), medium risk (NEWS2 = 4‐6), and high risk (NEWS2 ≥ 7).Relevance to clinical practiceUsing NEWS2 may help nurses in early identification of at‐risk COVID‐19 patients and clinical nursing decision‐making. Using NEWS2 to triage new patients with COVID‐19 may help nurses provide more appropriate level of care and medical resources allocation for patients safety.
TaMOR is essential for root initiation and improvement of root system architecture in wheat
Authors: Li Chaonan , Wang Jingyi , Li Long , Li Jialu , Zhuang Mengjia , Li Bo , Li Qiaoru , Huang Junfang , Du Yan , Wang Jinping , Fan Zipei , Mao Xinguo , Jing Ruilian 
Published: December 2021

SummaryOptimal root system architecture is beneficial for water‐fertilizer use efficiency, stress tolerance and yield improvement of crops. However, because of the complexity of root traits and difficulty in phenotyping deep roots, the study on mechanisms of root development is rarely reported in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In this study, we identified that the LBD (LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN) gene TaMOR (MORE ROOT in wheat) determines wheat crown root initiation. The mor mutants exhibited less or even no crown root, dwarfism, less grain number and lodging caused by few roots. The observation of cross sections showed that crown root initiation is inhibited in the mor mutants. Molecular assays revealed that TaMOR interacts with the auxin response factor ARF5 to directly induce the expression of the auxin transporter gene PIN2 (PIN‐FORMED 2) in the root base to regulate crown root initiation. In addition, a 159‐bp MITE (miniature inverted‐repeat transposable element) insertion causing DNA methylation and lower expression of TaMOR‐B was identified in TaMOR‐B promoter, which is associated with lower root dry weight and shorter plant height. The results bring new light into regulation mechanisms of crown root initiation and offer a new target for the improvement of root system architecture in wheat.
Attenuation of actinic prurigo eruptions with Polypodium leucotomos supplementation
Authors: Stump Madeliene , Dhinsa Harpinder , Powers Jennifer , Stone Mary 
Published: December 2021

AbstractActinic prurigo is a rare pruritic photodermatosis. We report the use of Polypodium leucotomos extract in an 11‐year‐old female patient with actinic prurigo, resulting in a significant attenuation of her disease without development of adverse effects to date. Polypodium leucotomos exerts a pleiotropic immunomodulatory and antioxidant effect by shifting the balance from pro‐ to an antiinflammatory cytokine environment. This counteracts the effects of UV‐induced cellular damage characteristic of photodermatoses.
Impact of channel structure on a manufacturer's bundling decision with an application to digital goods
Authors: Cao Qingning , Geng Xianjun , Zhang Jun 
Published: December 2021

This paper studies the impact of channel structure on an upstream manufacturer's bundling incentive, with a focus on the implications of channel structure for bundling digital goods. We consider a distribution channel with a manufacturer and a retailer. The manufacturer produces two products and sells them either separately or in the form of bundles to end consumers through a downstream retailer. Our analysis reveals that a manufacturer may have a stronger incentive to bundle when selling through a downstream retailer than when selling directly to consumers. Bundling serves as a tool for the manufacturer to reduce the harm associated with the well‐documented double marginalization problem. Therefore, our paper provides a new rationale to the bundling literature, which has traditionally focused on the role of bundling in helping a firm price‐discriminate consumers or gain competitive advantages against peer firms. Further, contrary to the conventional wisdom that asymmetries in bundled products hurt a firm's bundling incentive, we show that asymmetries can strengthen the manufacturer's incentive to bundle in a distribution channel. We also find that, as the marginal production costs decrease, a decentralized channel structure is more likely to lead to manufacturer bundling than a centralized one. Our results help explain the prevalence of bundling, especially digital products, in practice.
The global solvability of the Hall-magnetohydrodynamics system in critical Sobolev spaces
Authors: Danchin Raphaël , Tan Jin 
Published: December 2021

We are concerned with the 3D incompressible Hall-magnetohydrodynamic system (Hall-MHD). Our first aim is to provide the reader with an elementary proof of a global well-posedness result for small data with critical Sobolev regularity, in the spirit of Fujita–Kato’s theorem [On the Navier–Stokes initial value problem I, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 16 (1964) 269–315] for the Navier–Stokes equations. Next, we investigate the long-time asymptotics of global solutions of the Hall-MHD system that are in the Fujita–Kato regularity class. A weak-strong uniqueness statement is also proven. Finally, we consider the so-called 2[Formula: see text]D flows for the Hall-MHD system (that is, 3D flows independent of the vertical variable), and establish the global existence of strong solutions, assuming only that the initial magnetic field is small. Our proofs strongly rely on the use of an extended formulation involving the so-called velocity of electron [Formula: see text] and as regards [Formula: see text]D flows, of the auxiliary vector-field [Formula: see text] that comes into play in the total magneto-helicity balance for the Hall-MHD system.
N‐Terminal Pro‐B‐Type Natriuretic Peptide as a Biomarker for the Severity and Outcomes With COVID‐19 in a Nationwide Hospitalized Cohort
Authors: O’Donnell Christian , Ashland Melanie D. , Vasti Elena C. , Lu Ying , Chang Andrew Y. , Wang Paul , Daniels Lori B. , de Lemos James A. , Morrow David A. , Rodriguez Fatima , O’Brien Connor G. 
Published: December 2021

Background
Currently, there is limited research on the prognostic value of NT‐proBNP (N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide) as a biomarker in COVID‐19. We proposed the a priori hypothesis that an elevated NT‐proBNP concentration at admission is associated with increased in‐hospital mortality.

Methods and Results

In this prospective, observational cohort study of the American Heart Association’s COVID‐19 Cardiovascular Disease Registry, 4675 patients hospitalized with COVID‐19 were divided into normal and elevated NT‐proBNP cohorts by standard age‐adjusted heart failure thresholds, as well as separated by quintiles. Patients with elevated NT‐proBNP (n=1344; 28.7%) were older, with more cardiovascular risk factors, and had a significantly higher rate of in‐hospital mortality (37% versus 16%;
P
<0.001) and shorter median time to death (7 versus 9 days;
P
<0.001) than those with normal values. Analysis by quintile of NT‐proBNP revealed a steep graded relationship with mortality (7.1%–40.2%;
P
<0.001). NT‐proBNP was also associated with major adverse cardiac events, intensive care unit admission, intubation, shock, and cardiac arrest (
P
<0.001 for each). In subgroup analyses, NT‐proBNP, but not prior heart failure, was associated with increased risk of in‐hospital mortality. Adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors with presenting vital signs, an elevated NT‐proBNP was associated with 2‐fold higher adjusted odds of death (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.23; 95% CI, 1.80–2.76), and the log‐transformed NT‐proBNP with other biomarkers projected a 21% increased risk of death for each 2‐fold increase (adjusted OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.08–1.34).

Conclusions
Elevated NT‐proBNP levels on admission for COVID‐19 are associated with an increased risk of in‐hospital mortality and other complications in patients with and without heart failure.
The Doing of Justice and the Priority of Acting from Virtue
Authors: Fernandez Patricio A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Aristotle famously distinguishes between merely doing a virtuous action and acting in the way in which a virtuous person would. Against an interpretation prominent in recent scholarship, I argue that ‘acting virtuously,’ in the sense of exercising a virtue actually possessed, is prior to ‘virtuous action,’ understood generically. I propose that the latter notion is best understood as a derivative abstraction from the former, building upon a reading of a neglected distinction between per se and coincidentally just action in Nicomachean Ethics 5, and thus shed light on the meaning and philosophical significance of the priority of acting from virtue.
Fascists, Freedom, and the Anti-State State
Authors: Toscano Alberto 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Most theorisations of fascism, Marxist and otherwise, have taken for granted its idolatry of the state and phobia of freedom. This analytical common sense has also inhibited the identification of continuities with contemporary movements of the far Right, with their libertarian and anti-statist affectations, not to mention their embeddedness in neoliberal policies and subjectivities. Drawing on a range of diverse sources – from Johann Chapoutot’s histories of Nazi intellectuals to Ruth Wilson Gilmore’s theorisation of the anti-state state, and from Marcuse’s explorations of fascist competitive individualism to debates on neoliberal authoritarianism – this essay sketches the counter-intuitive but disturbingly timely image of a fascism enamoured of freedom and at odds with the state.
Transmission et tribulations.Sur l’historiographie de la contagion cancéreuse à la Renaissance
Authors: Droixhe Daniel 
Published: December 2021

Résumé
Divers auteurs ont attribué la plus ancienne attestation de l’imputation du cancer à une infection à Amatus Lusitanius (1511-1568) à propos du cas de trois enfants atteints d’un cancer du sein après avoir partagé le lit de leur mère elle-même atteinte de cette tumeur. On reconstruit ici l’écheveau d’informations qui a abouti à ces imputations. Des confusions apparaissent. Ainsi une histoire approfondie et philologique de l’histoire de la médecine à la Renaissance reste à mener à bien.
Guardian of Eden, Guardian of the City: The Lost Mosaic of the Archangel Michael in Hagia Sophia of Constantinople
Authors: Torno Ginnasi Andrea 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This contribution aims to shed light on the lost mosaic of the Archangel Michael with a drawn sword once set, according to Niketas Choniates, in a πρόναος of the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople. After an overview of previous hypotheses, I will argue for a position just outside of the south-west vestibule of the church in the 10th century. Such a location and dating would be in line with the connotation of the Archangel as defender of a sacred space, perceived as a sort of Eden in Byzantine textual and visual sources. The spread of similar representations confirms the role of a reference point that the mosaic soon acquired by virtue of its position at the ceremonial entrance of the most important church of the Empire, not to mention its political importance. The ideological character of the Archangel went a step further during the last centuries of the Empire. A unique use of the First Arab Siege of Constantinople as a stage for St. Michael’s role as sword-wielding guardian in a 14th century Serbian painting is more broadly reflective of a theme throughout Byzantine artistic tradition in varied media. This representation reflected the duty of the Archangel not just as guardian of Hagia Sophia, but also of the emperor, Constantinople and the Empire in a broader sense.
Reinventing the Capital: The Ideological Use of Monumental Architecture in Michael VIII Palaiologos’ Constantinople (1261–1282)
Authors: Varsallona Jessica 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
After the recapture of Constantinople (1261), Michael VIII Palaiologos (1259–82) re-shaped the city through extensive building activities. Though scholars have previously considered the involvement of Emperor Michael in the urban restoration of the capital, no attention has been devoted to the links between the different aspects of this programme of renewal. This paper advocates for the presence of an ambitious and systematic urban plan behind Michael VIII’s commissions focussed on the restoration of the southern shore of Constantinople and related to the political, religious, ideological, and aesthetic policies of this emperor.
10. Art and Nature
Authors: Graham Philip 
Published: December 2021

After education, art and nature were the two main themes in Mary Warnock’s writing and public life. Early in her life she was exposed to and developed a love for sacred music. Her interest in classical music derived from her older brother, Duncan and her teaching at Prior’s Field school. She herself played the flute and viola. Her encouragement of music at the OHSG has already been described. From 1973 to 1982, she was an articulate and forceful member of the Independent Broadcasting Authority. While she was a member, Channel Four and Breakfast TV were launched. In 1985, she gave a lecture on Social Responsibility and the Broadcasting Media. In 1988 she was interviewed on Desert Island Discs with a revealing set of choices of music. In 1991 she chaired an Arts Council working party on the finances and management of the Royal Opera House which published a controversial report. In 2000, she co-edited with the artist Mark Wallinger a book called Art for All?, which considered the role of government support for the arts.
Mary’s love of nature was instilled into her by her nanny in her early years. In her teens, she loved horse-riding. From 1978 to 1982 she was a member and then chair of the Home Office Committee on Animal Experimentation. She wrote against those, such as Peter Singer, who attacked ‘speciesism’, the assumption of human superiority, leading to the exploitation of other animals. From 1979 to 1986 she was a member of the Standing Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution. She found this a highly enjoyable experience but felt she had little impact on its deliberations. However, her membership of the commission stimulated her interest in philosophical perspectives on environmental issues. In Critical Reflections on Ownership (2015), she discussed the degree to which possessive pride brings a sense of responsibility towards the environment. Throughout her life she had a great love of gardens, both public and her own. In 2015, she was interviewed for the radio programme Fantasy Festival and created her own Glastonbury on Tanera Mor, an uninhabited island off the West Coast of Scotland, revealing once again her attachment to the Romantic poets.
Central banks and civil war termination
Authors: Garriga Ana Carolina 
Published: December 2021

The ability to finance conflict likely affects the odds of sustaining a war and succeeding in it. Recent literature explores rebel group funding, but far less is known about how states finance their own war efforts. This article posits that the design of central banks should affect civil war termination. In particular, it argues that central bank independence affects civil war termination through two channels. First, financial markets consider central bank independence as a good signal in terms of macroeconomic stability and debt repayment. In this way, independent central banks enhance the ability of the government to access credit to finance and end a civil war. Second, central bank independence is associated with lower inflation. Inflation control reduces one source of additional grievances that the civil war may impose on citizens. On a sample of civil wars between 1975 and 2009, central bank independence is associated with a substantial increase in the likelihood of war termination. When the form of termination is disaggregated, (higher) central bank independence is associated with a higher probability of government victory, relative to continued conflict and to other outcomes. Additional tests provide support for the argued mechanisms: during civil wars, countries with more independent central banks access international credit markets in better conditions – i.e. they pay lower interest rates, and receive longer grace and maturity periods on new debt. Furthermore, in countries experiencing civil wars, central bank independence is associated with lower inflation.
Promoting Healthy Food Access and Nutrition in Primary Care: A Systematic Scoping Review of Food Prescription Programs
Authors: Little Matthew , Rosa Ebony , Heasley Cole , Asif Aiza , Dodd Warren , Richter Abby 
Published: December 2021

Objective To conduct a scoping review to synthesize evidence on food prescription programs. Data Source A systematic search of PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library was conducted using key words related to setting, interventions, and outcomes. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria Publications were eligible if they reported food prescription administered by a health care practitioner (HCP) with the explicit aim of improving healthy food access and consumption, food security (FS), or health. Data Extraction A data charting form was used to extract relevant details on intervention characteristics, study methodology, and key findings. Data Synthesis Study and intervention characteristics were summarized. We undertook a thematic analysis to identify and report on themes. A critical appraisal of study quality was conducted using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Results A total of 6145 abstracts were screened and 23 manuscripts were included in the review. Food prescriptions may improve fruit and vegetable consumption and reduce food insecurity (FI). Evidence for impacts on diet-related health outcomes is limited and mixed. The overall quality of included studies was weak. Addressing barriers such as stigma, transportation, and poor nutrition literacy may increase utilization of food prescriptions. Conclusion Food prescriptions are a promising health care intervention. There is a need for rigorous studies that incorporate larger sample sizes, control groups, and validated assessments of dietary intake, food security, and health.
‘Motivational orientation for adult learners’
Authors: Das Lata , Kumar Prakash 
Published: December 2021

The present study is part of an exploratory research study conducted to understand the Learning experiences of adult learners in Higher Education Institutes in India. The primary aim of the present study was to examine the motivational orientations of adult learners for lifelong educational courses and hence, the Educational Participation Scale (EPS) by Boshier was used to examine the motivational orientations among adult learners enrolled in selected lifelong courses. In total, seven motivational factors were identified among the adult learners to enrol in the Programmes: Communication skills and Social contact, Professional advancement, Intellectual recreation, Cognitive interest, Family Togetherness, Children Relationship and Educational Compensation. Age, gender, type of course and educational background had varying influences on the motivational orientation of the adult learners. Though professional advancement was found to be higher, Communication skills, social contact and family togetherness was found to be significantly higher among older research participants aged 50 years and above.
Association Between the Diabetes mellitus Duration and the Severity of Diabetic Foot Disease in Hospitalized Patients in Latin America
Authors: Bedriñana-Marañón Belissa , Rubio-Rodríguez Maria , Yovera-Aldana Marlon , Garcia-Villasante Eilhart , Pinedo-Torres Isabel 
Published: December 2021

The objective was to determine the association between a diabetes mellitus duration greater than 10 years and the severity of diabetic foot in hospitalized patients in Latin America. Analytical, observational, and retrospective study based in secondary databases. Patients older than 18 years with diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM) and hospitalized for any causes were included. The independent and dependent variables were having more than 10 years of diagnosis of DM and the severity of the diabetic foot disease (Wagner> = 2), respectively. A crude Poisson regression analysis was performed to obtain prevalence rates adjusted to confounders. Male gender was 54.8% and the median age was 62 years. In the group with more than10 years of disease (n = 903) 18% (n = 162) had severe injuries. We performed two Poisson regression analyzes, one of which included the entire sample; and in the other, only patients with some degree of ulcer were included at the time of evaluation (Wagner > = 1). In the first analysis the PR was 1.95 ( p < 0.01) adjusted for the significant variables in the bivariate analysis and in the second analysis the PR was 1.18 ( p < 0.01) adding to the adjustment the days of injury prior to hospitalization and the location of the ulcer. We conclude that in patients with more than 10 years of diabetes mellitus, diabetic foot injuries are more severe, regardless type of diabetes, gender, age, history of amputation and days of injury prior to hospitalization for inpatients in Latin America.