bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical K‐Birnessite‐MnO2 Carbon Framework for High‐Energy‐Density and Durable Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Battery
Authors: Wang Guolong , Wang Yaling , Guan Boyuan , Liu Jiamei , Zhang Yan , Shi Xiaowei , Tang Cheng , Li Guohong , Li Yingbo , Wang Xiao , Li Lei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMnO2‐based material is one of the most promising cathode candidates of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs), but its commercialization is hindered by the sluggish reaction kinetics and poor structural stability. Herein, a hierarchical framework consisting of core–shell structured carbon nanotubes@K‐birnessite‐MnO2 enwrapped by graphene/carbon black bicomponent networks (CNT@KMO@GC) via a simple method for ZIBs is designed and developed. The hierarchical framework characterized with favorable K+ preintercalation, δ‐phase, and vertically aligned nanoflake arrays of KMO and 3D electrically conductive network shows the enhanced electronic/ionic conductivity and improved wettability with electrolyte, resulting in the fast charge/mass transport and stable structural stability of CNT@KMO@GC. When used as cathode in ZIBs, CNT@KMO@GC exhibits exciting electrochemical performance with remarkable capacity (405.5 mAh g−1 at 0.30 A g−1), high rate performance (166.6 mAh g−1 up to 10.0 A g−1), and impressive cycling stability (almost no capacity decay after 2000 cycles and 77.3% retention after 10 000 cycles at 10.0 A g−1). The energy storage mechanism of CNT@KMO@GC is clarified as H+/Zn2+ coinsertion/extraction via electrochemical analysis and ex situ characterization. This study offers an innovative paradigm for the advance of ZIBs.
Electrospun PCL/MoS2 Nanofiber Membranes Combined with NIR‐Triggered Photothermal Therapy to Accelerate Bone Regeneration
Authors: Ma Ke , Liao Chuanan , Huang Lanli , Liang Ruiming , Zhao Jinmin , Zheng Li , Su Wei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractElectrospun nanofiber membranes have been widely used for guided bone regeneration (GBR). For assistance in bone healing, photothermal therapy which renders moderate heat stimulation to defect regions by near‐infrared (NIR) light irradiation has attracted much attention in recent years. Combined with photothermal therapy, novel electrospun poly(ε‐caprolactone)/molybdenum disulfide (PCL/MoS2) nanofiber membranes are innovatively synthesized as GBR for bone therapy, wherein the exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets served as osteogenic enhancers and NIR photothermal agents. With the doping of MoS2, the mechanical properties of nanofiber membranes got improved with the degradation unaffected. The composite PCL/MoS2 membranes show enhanced cell growth and osteogenic performance compared with PCL alone. Under NIR‐triggered mild photothermal therapy, osteogenesis and bone healing are accelerated by using PCL/MoS2 nanofiber membranes for growth of bone mesenchymal stem cells in vitro and repair of rat tibia bone defect in vivo. The novel nanofiber membranes may be developed as intelligent GBR in the therapy of bone defects.
Flexible High‐Stability Self‐Variable‐Voltage Monolithic Integrated System Achieved by High‐Brightness LED for Information Transmission
Authors: Jia Yanqing , Guo Haibin , Ning Jing , Zhang Jincheng , Wang Dong , Wang Boyu , Wu Haidi , Shen Xue , Zhang Chi , Hao Yue 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe emergence of visible light information transmission systems is profoundly affecting the future of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The complex sensing and driving circuits of the IoT have become the key factor to hinder signal conversion and processing. Herein, a high‐performance self‐variable‐voltage light information transmission integrated system (SVV‐LTS) is reported and its application potential in low‐power, self‐powered optical communication transmission systems is demonstrated. Diffusion–adsorption regulation growth method and laser induction technology are innovatively used to realize high‐brightness light‐emitting diode (LED) and flexible micro‐supercapacitor (MSC) on graphene. Meanwhile, MSC realizes the dual functions of supplying power to the system, realizing pressure signal response, and converting pressure signals into electrical signals. Finally, the MSC as power, sensor and LED as signal transmitter are integrated into an SVV‐LTS. The response time of SVV‐LTS is 80 ms and the luminous wavelength fluctuation of the LED is stable at 1.2 nm. This study will provide a new approach to realize low‐power optical communication transmission systems affecting the IoT technology.
Effective fault localization and context‐aware debugging for concurrent programs
Authors: Chu Justin , Yu Tingting , Huffman Hayes Jane , Han Xue , Zhao Yu 
Published: October 2021

SummaryConcurrent programs are difficult to debug because concurrency faults usually occur under specific inputs and thread interleavings. Fault localization techniques for sequential programs are often ineffective because the root causes of concurrency faults involve memory accesses across multiple threads rather than single statements. Previous research has proposed techniques to analyse passing and failing executions obtained from running a set of test cases for identifying faulty memory access patterns. However, stand‐alone access patterns do not provide enough contextual information, such as the path leading to the failure, for developers to understand the bug. We present an approach, Coadec, to automatically generate interthread control flow paths that can link memory access patterns that occurred most frequently in the failing executions to better diagnose concurrency bugs. Coadec consists of two phases. In the first phase, we use feature selection techniques from machine learning to localize suspicious memory access patterns based on failing and passing executions. The patterns with maximum feature diversity information can point to the most suspicious pattern. We then apply a data mining technique and identify the memory access patterns that occurred most frequently in the failing executions. Finally, Coadec identifies faulty program paths by connecting both the frequent patterns and the suspicious pattern. We also evaluate the effectiveness of fault localization using test suites generated from different test adequacy criteria. We introduce and have evaluated Coadec on 10 real‐world multithreaded Java applications. Results indicate that Coadec outperforms state‐of‐the‐art approaches for localizing concurrency faults and that Coadec's context debugging can help developers understand concurrency fault by inspecting a small percentage of code.
Knowledge of pet‐related zoonotic diseases and pet care in Hong Kong, a heavily crowded urban setting
Authors: Lee E.C.Y. , Devlin J.M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDWith the rapid expansion of pet animal populations worldwide, pet‐related zoonotic diseases are becoming an important issue in public health. Hong Kong (HK), located in southern China, is one of the most crowded urban centres in the world. The population of pets, especially exotic pets, in HK has grown significantly in recent decades, potentially elevating the risk of pet‐related zoonotic diseases. However, no studies have been conducted to explore the knowledge of HK public towards pet‐related zoonotic diseases and animal husbandry practices.OBJECTIVESTo evaluate the level of awareness among the HK public of pet‐related zoonotic diseases and their understanding of proper animal husbandry practices.METHODSThe study was carried out in HK from June–August 2019 using both online and paper versions of a questionnaire. A total of 362 completed questionnaires (74.3% return rate) were collected and the responses analysed.RESULTSSixty percent of the participants were current or past pet owners or planned on becoming pet owners in the coming 2 years, irrespective of their income or size of their living space. Among the participants, pet owners (including those who planned pet ownership) had a relatively higher level of awareness of pet‐related zoonotic disease. However, the overall awareness of zoonotic diseases among both pet and non‐pet owners was low with a knowledge score of <50%. A similar trend was observed for knowledge about proper animal husbandry practices.CONCLUSIONSThis study showed that the HK public was generally not familiar with pet‐related zoonotic diseases and proper pet care. These knowledge gaps could potentially increase the risk of disease transmission. Further studies focusing on specific pet species and on people of different social‐economic backgrounds are needed to provide future direction of efforts to reduce the risk of pet‐related zoonotic diseases and to enhance pet‐related animal and human welfare.
Climate change and early urbanism in Southwest Asia: A review
Authors: Lawrence Dan , Philip Graham , de Gruchy Michelle W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDuring the Late Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age (c. 6500–4000 BP), the Fertile Crescent in Southwest Asia saw the earliest development of cities anywhere in the world. Climate and environmental factors are generally considered to be significant in these changes because in pre‐industrial societies they directly relate to food production and security. The emergence of cities also coincides with a decoupling of settlement and climate trends, suggesting urbanism may have enhanced the adaptive capacity of societies to withstand changing climatic conditions. Urban forms followed a variety of different trajectories, with a much more sporadic and episodic history in the dry farming plains of the North and West of the study region compared to the stable build‐up in the irrigated South. Although models dealing with urban growth have emphasized the differential access to agrarian resources as a key driver in promoting hierarchical social systems, climate has rarely been explicitly discussed. In contrast, so‐called “collapse” events brought about by extreme, but short‐lived, climate changes such as droughts have been blamed for declines in urban and rural populations, social complexity, political systems, and entire empires. However, the extent to which these “collapses” are visible in the archeological record, let alone how far they can be attributed to climate changes, is a matter of intense debate. The archeological and historical record, the variegated environmental conditions, and the deep time perspective on complexity available, make the Fertile Crescent an ideal laboratory for assessing causal links between urban formations and climate fluctuations.This article is categorized under:
Climate, History, Society, Culture > Major Historical Eras
Numerical investigation of wind turbine wakes under high thrust coefficient
Authors: Martínez‐Tossas Luis A , Branlard Emmanuel , Shaler Kelsey , Vijayakumar Ganesh , Ananthan Shreyas , Sakievich Philip , Jonkman Jason 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe study wind turbine wakes of rotors operating at high thrust coefficients (CT > 24/25) using large‐eddy simulations with a rotating actuator disk model. Wind turbine wakes at high thrust coefficients are different from wakes at low thrust coefficients. Wakes behave differently at high thrust, with increased turbulence and faster recovery. Lower induction in the wake is achieved because wakes in high‐thrust conditions recover much faster than in normal operating conditions. This enhanced recovery is possible thanks to the turbulence generated in the near wake. We explore the mechanism behind this behavior and propose a simple model to reproduce it. We also propose a Gaussian fit for the wakes under high‐thrust conditions and use it use it to initialize an Ainslie type model within the FAST.Farm framework.
Attitudes about Brain–Computer Interface (BCI) technology among Spanish rehabilitation professionals
Authors: Monasterio Astobiza Aníbal , Rodriguez Arias-Vailhen David , Ausín Txetxu , Toboso Mario , Aparicio Manuel , López Daniel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo assess—from a qualitative perspective—the perceptions and attitudes of Spanish rehabilitation professionals (e.g. rehabilitation doctors, speech therapists, physical therapists) about Brain–Computer Interface (BCI) technology. A qualitative, exploratory and descriptive study was carried out by means of interviews and analysis of textual content with mixed generation of categories and segmentation into frequency of topics. We present the results of three in-depth interviews that were conducted with Spanish speaking individuals who had previously completed a survey as part of a larger, 3-country/language, survey on BCI perceptions. 11 out of 15 of these Spanish respondents (survey) either strongly or somewhat accept the use of BCI in rehabilitation therapy. However, the results of our three in-depth interviews show how, due to a strong inertia of attitudes and perceptions about BCI technology, most professionals feel reluctant to use BCI technology in their daily practice (interview).
On and beyond artifacts in moral relations: accounting for power and violence in Coeckelbergh’s social relationism
Authors: Tollon Fabio , Naidoo Kiasha 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe ubiquity of technology in our lives and its culmination in artificial intelligence raises questions about its role in our moral considerations. In this paper, we address a moral concern in relation to technological systems given their deep integration in our lives. Coeckelbergh develops a social-relational account, suggesting that it can point us toward a dynamic, historicised evaluation of moral concern. While agreeing with Coeckelbergh’s move away from grounding moral concern in the ontological properties of entities, we suggest that it problematically upholds moral relativism. We suggest that the role of power, as described by Arendt and Foucault, is significant in social relations and as curating moral possibilities. This produces a clearer picture of the relations at hand and opens up the possibility that relations may be deemed violent. Violence as such gives us some way of evaluating the morality of a social relation, moving away from Coeckelbergh’s seeming relativism while retaining his emphasis on social–historical moral precedent.
Predicting Douglas-fir knot size in the stand: a random forest model based on CT and field measurements
Authors: Longo Bruna L. , Brüchert Franka , Becker Gero , Sauter Udo H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBranches are not only of vital importance to tree physiology and growth but are also one of the most influential features in wood quality. To improve the availability of data throughout the forest-to-industry production, information on internal quality (e.g. knots) of both felled and standing trees in the forest would be desirable. This study presents models for predicting the internal knot diameter of Douglas-fir logs based on characteristics measured in the field. The data were composed of 87 trees (aged from 32 to 78 years), collected from six trial sites in southwest Germany, and cut into 4–5 m logs on-site. The internal knot diameter was obtained by applying a knot detection algorithm to the CT images of the logs. Applying the Random Forest (RF) technique, two models were developed: (1) MBD: to predict the branch diameter (BD) at different radial positions within the stem, and (2) MBDmax: to predict the maximum internal branch diameter (BDmax). Both models presented a good performance, predicting BD with an RMSE of 4.26 mm (R2 = 0.84) and BDmaxwith an RMSE of 5.65 mm (R2 = 0.78). In this context, the innovative combination of CT technology and RF modelling technique showed promising potential to be used in future investigations, as it provided a good performance while being flexible in terms of input data structure and also allowing the inclusion of otherwise underexplored databases. This study showed a possibility to predict the internal diameter of branches from field measurements, introducing an advance towards connecting forest and sawmill.
Molecular imaging of cellular immunotherapies in experimental and therapeutic settings
Authors: Shalaby Nourhan , Dubois Veronica Phyllis , Ronald John 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCell-based cancer immunotherapies are becoming a routine part of the armamentarium against cancer. While remarkable successes have been seen, including durable remissions, not all patients will benefit from these therapies and many can suffer from life-threatening side effects. These differences in efficacy and safety across patients and across tumor types (e.g., blood vs. solid), are thought to be due to differences in how well the immune cells traffic to their target tissue (e.g., tumor, lymph nodes, etc.) whilst avoiding non-target tissues. Across patient variability can also stem from whether the cells interact with (i.e., communicate with) their intended target cells (e.g., cancer cells), as well as if they proliferate and survive long enough to yield potent and long-lasting therapeutic effects. However, many cell-based therapies are monitored by relatively simple blood tests that lack any spatial information and do not reflect how many immune cells have ended up at particular tissues. The ex vivo labeling and imaging of infused therapeutic immune cells can provide a more precise and dynamic understanding of whole-body immune cell biodistribution, expansion, viability, and activation status in individual patients. In recent years numerous cellular imaging technologies have been developed that may provide this much-needed information on immune cell fate. For this review, we summarize various ex vivo labeling and imaging approaches that allow for tracking of cellular immunotherapies for cancer. Our focus is on clinical imaging modalities and summarize the progression from experimental to therapeutic settings. The imaging information provided by these technologies can potentially be used for many purposes including improved real-time understanding of therapeutic efficacy and potential side effects in individual patients after cell infusion; the ability to more readily compare new therapeutic cell designs to current designs for various parameters such as improved trafficking to target tissues and avoidance of non-target tissues; and the long-term ability to identify patient populations that are likely to be positive responders and at low-risk of side effects.
A Local-in-Time Theory for Singular SDEs with Applications to Fluid Models with Transport Noise
Authors: Alonso-Orán Diego , Rohde Christian , Tang Hao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe establish a local theory, i.e., existence, uniqueness and blow-up criterion, for a general family of singular SDEs in Hilbert spaces. The key requirement relies on an approximation property that allows us to embed the singular drift and diffusion mappings into a hierarchy of regular mappings that are invariant with respect to the Hilbert space and enjoy a cancellation property. Various nonlinear models in fluid dynamics with transport noise belong to this type of singular SDEs. By establishing a cancellation estimate for certain differential operators of order one with suitable coefficients, we give the detailed constructions of such regular approximations for certain examples. In particular, we show novel local-in-time results for the stochastic two-component Camassa–Holm system and for the stochastic Córdoba–Córdoba–Fontelos model.
Relationship of maternal obesity and vitamin D concentrations with fetal growth in early pregnancy
Authors: Zhang Qianqian , Zhang Chen , Wang Yi , Zhao Jiuru , Li Haiyuan , Shen Qianwen , Wang Xiaoli , Ni Meng , Ouyang Fengxiu , Vinturache Angela , Chen Hao , Liu Zhiwei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the effects of the association between first trimester vitamin D (VitD) concentrations and increased prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) on early fetal growth restriction (FGR).

Methods
This retrospective cohort study included 15,651 women with singleton pregnancy who delivered at the International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital between January 2015 and November 2016. Women were classified in two groups based on their serum 25(OH)D vitamin levels status: VitD sufficient (SUFF) group and VitD insufficient or deficient (INSUFF/DEF). The cut-off point for VitD concentration was 50.00 nmol/L. Comparisons were made between women with normal prepregnancy body weight (BMI 18.5–23.9 kg/m2) and overweight and obese (OWO) women (BMI > 24.0 kg/m2). Early FGR was defined as first-trimester gestational age-adjusted crown-rump length (CRL) in the lowest 20th centile of the population. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between maternal serum 25(OH)D levels and prepregnancy BMI with first trimester CRL and early FGR.

Results
In VitD INSUFF/DEF group, the first trimester CRL was decreased (P = 0.005), and the risk of early FGR was increased by 13% (95% CI 1.04–1.24, P = 0.004) compared to the VitD SUFF group. In OWO group, the first trimester CRL was also significantly decreased (P < 0.0001), and the risk of early FGR was significantly increased by 58% (95% CI 1.40–1.78, P < 0.001) compared with normal weight group. Furthermore, there was a significant combined effect of maternal VitD concentrations and OWO on CRL (P for interaction = 0.02) and the risk of early FGR (P for interaction = 0.07).

Conclusion
Sufficient first trimester serum 25(OH)D concentration was a protective factor for early fetal growth, especially among OWO mothers. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Registration number: ChiCTR1900027447 with date of registration on November 13, 2019-retrospectively registered).
Areas of research to support the system of radiological protection
Authors: Laurier D. , Rühm W. , Paquet F. , Applegate K. , Cool D. , Clement C. ,   the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP)
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis document presents the ICRP's updated vision on “Areas of Research to Support the System of Radiological Protection”, which have been previously published in 2017. It aims to complement the research priorities promoted by other relevant international organisations, with the specificity of placing them in the perspective of the evolution of the System of Radiological Protection. This document contributes to the process launched by ICRP to review and revise the System of Radiological Protection that will update the 2007 General Recommendations in ICRP Publication 103.
An in vitro assay of the effect of lysine oxidation end-product, α-aminoadipic acid, on the redox status and gene expression in probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri PL503
Authors: Padilla Patricia , Andrade María J. , Peña Fernando J. , Rodríguez Alicia , Estévez Mario 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study was designed to gain information about the underlying mechanisms of the effects of a food-occurring free oxidized amino acid, α-aminoadipic acid (AAA), on the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri PL503. This bacterium was incubated in colonic-simulated conditions (37 °C for 24 h in microaerophilic conditions) and exposed to three food-compatible AAA concentrations, namely, 1 mM, 5 mM, and 10 mM. A control group with no AAA exposure was also considered. Each of the four experimental conditions was replicated three times and samplings were collected at 12, 16, 20, and 24 h. The downregulation of the uspA gene by AAA (0.5-fold decrease as compared to control) suggests that AAA is identified as a potential chemical threat. The dhaT gene, implicated in the antioxidant defense, was found to be upregulated in bacteria treated with 1 and 5 mM AAA (up to twofold increase, as compared to control), which suggest the ability of the oxidized amino acid to impair the redox status of the bacterium. In fact, AAA caused an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the accretion of post-translational changes (protein carbonylation) in L. reuteri (up to 13 nmol allysine/mg protein vs 1.8 nmol allysine/mg protein in control). These results suggest that probiotic bacteria identify oxidized amino acids as harmful species and activate mechanisms that may protect themselves and the host against their noxious effects.