bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogeny of the Damselfishes (Pomacentridae) and Patterns of Asymmetrical Diversification in Body Size and Feeding Ecology
Authors: McCord Charlene L. , Nash Chloe M. , Cooper W. James , Westneat Mark W. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe damselfishes (family Pomacentridae) inhabit near-shore communities in tropical and temperature oceans as one of the major lineages in coral reef fish assemblages. Our understanding of their evolutionary ecology, morphology and function has often been advanced by increasingly detailed and accurate molecular phylogenies. Here we present the next stage of multi-locus, molecular phylogenetics for the group based on analysis of 12 nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences from 345 of the 422 damselfishes. The resulting well-resolved phylogeny helps to address several important questions about higher-level damselfish relationships, their evolutionary history and patterns of divergence. A time-calibrated phylogenetic tree yields a root age for the family of 55.5 mya, refines the age of origin for a number of diverse genera, and shows that ecological changes during the Eocene-Oligocene transition provided opportunities for damselfish diversification. We explored the idea that body size extremes have evolved repeatedly among the Pomacentridae, and demonstrate that large and small body sizes have evolved independently at least 40 times and with asymmetric rates of transition among size classes. We tested the hypothesis that transitions among dietary ecotypes (benthic herbivory, pelagic planktivory and intermediate omnivory) are asymmetric, with higher transition rates from intermediate omnivory to either planktivory or herbivory. Using multistate hidden-state speciation and extinction models, we found that both body size and dietary ecotype are significantly associated with patterns of diversification across the damselfishes, and that the highest rates of net diversification are associated with medium body size and pelagic planktivory. We also conclude that the pattern of evolutionary diversification in feeding ecology, with frequent and asymmetrical transitions between feeding ecotypes, is largely restricted to the subfamily Pomacentrinae in the Indo-West Pacific. Trait diversification patterns for damselfishes across a fully resolved phylogeny challenge many recent general conclusions about the evolution of reef fishes.
A theory of evolutionary dynamics on any complex spatial structure
Authors: Kuo Yang Ping , Arrieta César Nombela , Carja Oana 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUnderstanding how the spatial arrangement of a population shapes its evolutionary dynamics has been of long-standing interest in population genetics. Most previous studies assume a small number of demes connected by migration corridors, symmetrical structures that most often act as well-mixed populations. Other studies use networks to model the more complex topologies of natural populations and to study the structures that suppress or amplify selection. However, they usually assume very small, regular networks, with strong constraints on the strength of selection considered. Here we build network generation algorithms, evolutionary simulations and derive general analytic approximations for probabilities of fixation in populations with complex spatial structure. By tuning network parameters and properties independent of each other, we systematically span across network families and show that both a network’s degree distribution, as well as its node mixing pattern shape the evolutionary dynamics of new mutations. We analytically write the relevant selective parameter, predictive of evolutionary dynamics, as a combination of network statistics. As one application, we use recent imaging datasets and build the cellular spatial networks of the stem cell niches of the bone marrow. Across a wide variety of parameters and regardless of the birth-death process used, we find these networks to be strong suppressors of selection, delaying mutation accumulation in this tissue. We also find that decreases in stem cell population size decrease the suppression strength of the tissue spatial structure, hinting at a potential diminishing spatial suppression in the bone marrow tissue as individuals age.
Poly(A) binding protein is required for mRNP remodeling to form P-bodies in mammalian cells
Authors: Xie Jingwei , Chen Yu , Wei Xiaoyu , Kozlov Guennadi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCompartmentalization of mRNA through formation of RNA granules is involved in many cellular processes, yet it is not well understood. mRNP complexes undergo dramatic changes in protein compositions, reflected by markers of P-bodies and stress granules. Here, we show that PABPC1, albeit absent in P-bodies, plays important role in P-body formation. Depletion of PABPC1 decreases P-body population in unstressed cells. Upon stress in PABPC1 depleted cells, individual P-bodies fail to form and instead P-body proteins assemble on PABPC1-containing stress granules. We hypothesize that mRNP recruit proteins via PABPC1 to assemble P-bodies, before PABPC1 is displaced from mRNP. Further, we demonstrate that GW182 can mediate P-body assembly. These findings help us understand the early stages of mRNP remodeling and P-body formation.Summary statementA novel role of poly(A) binding protein is reported in P-body formation
Structural and functional elucidation of NF-κB signaling by the p75 neurotrophin receptor through recruitment of TRADD
Authors: Zhang Ning , Kisiswa Lilian , Ramanujan Ajeena , Li Zhen , Sim Eunice Weiling , Yuan Wensu , Ibáñez Carlos F. , Lin Zhi 
Published: February 2021

Abstractp75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) is a critical mediator of neuronal death and tissue remodeling and has been implicated in various neurodegenerative diseases. The death domain (DD) of p75NTRis an intracellular signaling hub and has been shown to interact with diverse adaptor proteins. However, the structural mechanism and physiological relevance of the adaptor protein TRADD in neuronal p75NTRsignaling remain poorly understood. Here we report an NMR structure of the complex between p75NTR-DD and TRADD-DD and elucidate the structural basis of specific DD recognition in the p75NTR/TRADD signaling pathway. Furthermore, we identify spatiotemporal overlap of p75NTRand TRADD expression in developing cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) at early postnatal stages and reveal the functional role of TRADD recruitment to p75NTRin the regulation of canonical NF-κB signaling and cell survival in CGNs. Our results provide a new structural framework for understanding how the recruitment of TRADD to p75NTRthrough DD interactions creates a membrane-proximal platform to propagate downstream signaling in developing neurons.
Consistent population activity on the scale of minutes in the mouse hippocampus
Authors: Liu Yue , Levy Samuel , Mau William , Geva Nitzan , Rubin Alon , Ziv Yaniv , Hasselmo Michael E. , Howard Marc W. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNeurons in the hippocampus fire in consistent sequence over the timescale of seconds during the delay period of some memory experiments. For longer timescales, firing of hippocampal neurons also changes slowly over minutes within experimental sessions. It was thought that these slow dynamics are caused by stochastic drift or a continuous change in the representation of the episode, rather than consistent sequences unfolding over minutes. This paper studies the consistency of contextual drift in three chronic calcium imaging recordings from the hippocampus CA1 region in mice. Computational measures of consistency show reliable sequences within experimental trials at the scale of seconds as one would expect from time cells or place cells during the trial, as well as across experimental trials on the scale of minutes within a recording session. Consistent sequences in the hippocampus are observed over a wide range of time scales, from seconds to minutes. Hippocampal activity could reflect a scale-invariant spatiotemporal context as suggested by theories of memory from cognitive psychology.
Disulfide-rich, cyclic peptides fromClitoria ternateaprotect against β-amyloid toxicity and oxidative stress in transgenicCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Kalmankar Neha V. , Hari Hrudya , Sowdhamini Ramanathan , Venkatesan Radhika 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTNeurotoxic aggregation of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) is known to be associated with this. Here, we report neuroprotective effects of disulfide-rich, circular peptides fromClitoria ternateaon Aβ-induced toxicity in transgenicCaenorhabditis elegans. We show that cyclotide-rich fractions from different plant tissues delay Aβ-induced paralysis in transgenic CL4176 strain expressing human muscle-specific Aβ1–42gene. It also improved Aβ-induced defects in chemotaxis in CL2355 expressing Aβ1-42in neuronal cells. ROS assay suggests that this is likely mediated by inhibition of Aβ oligomerization. Further, Aβ deposits were reduced in the strain, CL2006 treated with the fractions. Computational docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation support the findings since cyclotides bind effectively and stably to different forms of Aβ structures via hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. MD simulation further shows that cyclotides destabilize toxic amyloid assemblies. The study shows that cyclotides fromC. ternateacould be a source of novel pharmacophore scaffold against neurodegenerative diseases.
CASTLE: A database of synthetic lethal sets predicted from genome-scale metabolic networks
Authors: Senthamizhan Vimaladhasan , Subramaniam Sunanda , Raghavan Arjun , Raman Karthik 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSummaryGenome-scale metabolic networks have been reconstructed for hundreds of organisms over the last two decades, with wide-ranging applications, including the identification of drug targets. Constraint-based approaches such as flux balance analysis have been effectively used to predict single and combinatorial drug targets in a variety of metabolic networks. We have previously developed Fast-SL, an efficient algorithm to rapidly enumerate all possible synthetic lethals from metabolic networks. Here, we introduce CASTLE, an online standalone database, which contains synthetic lethals predicted from the metabolic networks of over 130 organisms. These targets include single, double or triple lethal set of genes and reactions, and have been predicted using the Fast-SL algorithm. The workflow used for building CASTLE can be easily applied to other pathogenic models and used to identify novel therapeutic targets.AvailabilityCASTLE is available athttps://ramanlab.github.io/CASTLE/Contactkraman@iitm.ac.in
TRF2-mediated ORC recruitment underlies telomere stability upon DNA replication stress
Authors: Higa Mitsunori , Matsuda Yukihiro , Yamada Jumpei , Sugimoto Nozomi , Yoshida Kazumasa , Fujita Masatoshi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTelomeres are intrinsically difficult-to-replicate regions of eukaryotic chromosomes. Telomeric repeat binding factor 2 (TRF2) binds to origin recognition complex (ORC) to facilitate the loading of ORC and the replicative helicase MCM complex onto DNA at telomeres. However, the biological significance of the TRF2-ORC interaction for telomere maintenance remains largely elusive. Here, we employed a separation-of-function TRF2 mutant with mutations in two acidic acid residues (E111A and E112A) that specifically inhibited the TRF2-ORC interaction in human cells without substantially inhibiting TRF2 interactions with its other binding partners. The TRF2 mutant was impaired in ORC recruitment to telomeres and showed increased replication stress-associated telomeric DNA damage and telomere instability. Furthermore, overexpression of an ORC1 fragment (amino acids 244–511), which competitively inhibited the TRF2-ORC interaction, increased telomeric DNA damage under replication stress conditions in human cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that TRF2-mediated ORC recruitment contributes to the suppression of telomere instability.
A strategy for using digital mindsets and knowledge technologies to move past pandemic conditions
Authors: Stewart Cherry , Khan Ashfaq Ahmad 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the theoretical concepts of adult constructive development (ACD) in response to a requirement to teach fully online during the COVID-19 lockdown. However, responses have been unique for many university educators, regardless of the roles they have in supporting students during this time. How each person approaches the changing context can be enhanced by an understanding of their mindset as defined by Kegan’s theory.

Design/methodology/approach
An accounting academic and educational designer combine their expertise and engage a “digital mindset” to guide the re-design of the management accounting unit incorporating strategies that encourage students to be self-reliant yet learn from a broad diversity of perspectives.

Findings
Unexpected changes within an educational environment may be the catalyse needed to force significant rethinking of pedagogical practice within the online teaching space.

Practical implications
This paper offers practical thinking and design tips for creating interactive learning and teaching programs to develop a positive and supportive approach that challenges and facilitates cognitive growth in student knowledge, skills and learning behaviours.

Social implications
Stimulating student interaction via the creation of interactive and dynamic online curriculum design teachers may communicate more effectively with students as well as sharing their knowledge and skills with each other.

Originality/value
The authors explore Kegan’s ACD framework (1982, 1998, 2009) within the context of tertiary teaching and learning design for management accounting. The authors propose online strategies for each of the levels of development in the form of supports and challenges.
Modelling blockchain-based business processes: a comparative analysis of BPMN vs CMMN
Authors: Milani Fredrik , Garcia-Banuelos Luciano , Filipova Svitlana , Markovska Mariia 
Published: February 2021

PurposeBlockchain technology is increasingly positioned as a promising and disruptive technology. Such a promise has attracted companies to explore how blockchain technology can be used to gain significant benefits. Process models play a cardinal role when seeking to improve business processes as they are the foundation of process analysis and redesign. This paper examines how blockchain-oriented processes can be conceptually modelled with activity- (BPMN) and artifact-centric (CMMN) modelling paradigms.Design/methodology/approachThis paper discusses how commonly occurring patterns, specific to block-chain-based applications, can be modelled with BPMN and CMMN. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of both notations for accurately representing blockchain-specific patterns are discussed.FindingsThe main finding of this paper is that neither BPMN nor CMMN can adequately and accurately represent certain patterns specific for blockchain-oriented processes. BPMN, while supporting most of the patterns, does not provide sufficient support to represent tokenization. CMMN, on the other hand, does not provide support to distinguish between activities executed and data stored on-chain versus off-chain.Originality/valueThe paper provides insight into the strengths and weaknesses of BPMN and CMMN for modelling processes to be supported by blockchain. This will serve to aid analysts to produce better process models for communication purposes and, thereby, facilitate development of blockchain-based solutions.
Exploring the future impact of automation in Brazil
Authors: Lima Yuri , Strauch Julia Celia Mercedes , Esteves Maria Gilda Pimentel , de Souza Jano Moreira , Chaves Miriam Barbuda , Gomes Daniel Takata 
Published: February 2021

PurposeBrazil is struggling as the unemployment rate is 12.4% and nearly 13m people are unemployed. The fourth Industrial Revolution is advancing, and the country needs to consider how it will impact the labor market. This work explores the impact of automation on the Brazilian workforce to supply decision-makers with information about the subject.Design/methodology/approachThe authors converted the probability of computerization from the seminal work of Frey and Osborne to each of the more than 2,500 occupations in Brazil. They then crossed the automation probability with socioeconomic information about workers and companies available in the Brazilian Ministry of Labor Database.FindingsIn total, 60% of employment in Brazil is expected to be highly impacted by automation in the coming decades, with eight out of the ten occupations with the biggest workforce being highly automatable. Automation probability decreases as workers' education level increases, with the most significant difference between workers with higher education and those without it. The results show other inequalities in the impact of automation: the higher the wage, the lower the automation probability of occupations; the bigger the company, the lower the automation index; and workers from 16 to 24 years old have considerably higher chances of being automated.Originality/valueThis work is the first to study, in the context of the fourth Industrial Revolution, the impact of automation in Brazil with a socioeconomic analysis.
A modified Li-He’s variational principle for plasma
Authors: He Ji-Huan 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
It is extremely difficult to establish a variational principle for plasma. Kalaawy obtained a variational principle by using the semi-inverse method in 2016, and Li and He suggested a modification in 2017. This paper aims to search for a generalized variational formulation with a free parameter.

Design/methodology/approach
The semi-inverse method is used by suitable construction of a trial functional with some free parameters.

Findings
A modification of Li-He’s variational principle with a free parameter is obtained.

Originality/value
This paper suggests a new approach to construction of a trial-functional with some free parameters.
Experimental study on the accuracy and surface quality of printed versus machined holes in PEI Ultem 9085 FDM specimens
Authors: Gómez-Gras Giovanni , Pérez Marco A. , Fábregas-Moreno Jorge , Reyes-Pozo Guillermo 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the quality of printed surfaces and manufacturing tolerances by comparing the cylindrical cavities machined in parts obtained by fused deposition modeling (FDM) with the holes manufactured during the printing process itself. The comparison focuses on the results of roughness and tolerances, intending to obtain practical references when making assemblies.

Design/methodology/approach
The experimental approach focuses on the comparison of the results of roughness and tolerances of two manufacturing strategies: geometric volumes with a through-hole and the through-hole machined in volumes that were initially printed without the hole. Throughout the study, both alternates are explained to make appropriate recommendations.

Findings
The study shows the best combinations of technological parameters, both machining and three-dimensional printing, which have been decisive for obtaining successful results. These conclusive results allow enunciating recommendations for use in the industrial environment.

Originality/value
This paper fulfills an identified need to study the dimensional accuracy of the geometries obtained by additive manufacturing, as no experimental evidence has been found of studies that directly address the problem of the FDM-printed part with geometric and dimensional tolerances and desirable surface quality for assembly.
Application of AI technology in modern digital marketing environment
Authors: Nair Kiran , Gupta Ruchi 
Published: February 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the various application of artificial intelligence (AI) to social media and digital advertising professionals and agencies to specialize to an advanced degree and maintain collaboration and creativity to bring a better return on investment.Design/methodology/approachDigital marketers are still oblivious to the importance of AI application, while some others simply do not know how to implement it. AI is currently acting as a significant disruption in digital and social media marketing worldwide.FindingsBased on the literature review, the paper identifies the various AI applications in the field of digital media marketing.Originality/valueThis paper can serve as a useful guide for social media marketers to implement AI applications to impact digital marketing strategies better.
Benzoic acid derivatives as luminescent sublimation dyes in cyanoacrylate fuming of latent fingerprints
Authors: Azaldegui Christopher , Aguilar Guadalupe , Enriquez Sarahi , Madonna Chris , Parish Fisher Casie , Burks Raychelle 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDevelopment of latent prints employing cyanoacrylate ester (CA) can be a multistep process including CA fuming and subsequent fluorescent staining to produce fingerprints of sufficient contrast for comparison work. To enable a single‐step CA fuming—staining process, a selection of fluorophores have been developed as sublimation dyes in CA fuming. A greater array of such luminescent sublimation dyes would allow users greater flexibility in selecting a particular dye—CA combination to best suit their processing needs. Toward this end, six benzoic acid derivatives were evaluated for use as luminescent sublimation dyes under elementary CA fuming conditions using a single non‐porous surface type and an inexpensive handheld UV lamp for excitation. Two benzoic acid derivatives, 2‐hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) and 2‐aminobenzoic acid (anthranilic acid), were identified as new potential luminescent sublimation dyes with stained fingerprints excited at 254 nm. The fluorescence intensity and stability of prints produced via the sublimation of CA with 2‐hydroxybenzoic acid and 2‐aminobenzoic acid were evaluated over approximately six weeks using image and statistical analysis.
Stopping Haemorrhage by Application of Rope tourniquet or inguinal Compression (SHARC study)
Authors: Taylor Nicholas B , Lamond David W 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveThere are increasing numbers of shark attacks in Australasian waters, with death commonly resulting from uncontrolled lower limb bleeding. The present study aims to determine the most effective first aid method using immediately available resources for controlling lower limb haemorrhage, which could be provided by single unsupported rescuer.MethodsThe present study was a clinical trial performed at a single tertiary referral hospital. Healthy volunteers who completed a screening questionnaire, a baseline popliteal velocity measurement and then consented were eligible. The present study used Doppler ultrasound to record the reduction in popliteal artery peak systolic velocity created by surfboard leg rope tourniquet and by inguinal region external compression in healthy volunteer subjects with and without a wetsuit. Leg circumference and sex data were also collected.ResultsPooled data from each intervention without and with a wetsuit showed that inguinal compression resulted in a mean reduction of popliteal artery peak systolic velocity of 89.7% (95% CI 83.9%, 95.5%) compared to leg rope application 43.8% (95% CI 34.5%, 53.1%; P ≤ 0.001). There was no significant influence by the wetsuit on effectiveness of either intervention technique.ConclusionThe present study has shown that manual inguinal compression, an easily taught first aid technique, can reliably completely stop or substantially reduce blood loss in the setting of a lower limb injury and is superior to an improvised tourniquet.