bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher Surgery and Recovery Room Air Pressures Associated with Reduced Surgical Site Infection Risk
Authors: Crape Byron L. , Gusmanov Arnur , Orazumbekova Binur , Davtyan Karapet 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundIncisional surgical site infections (SSIs) following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) prolong hospital stays, elevate healthcare costs and increase likelihood of further complications. High air pressure deactivates bacteria and is utilized for commercial food preservation, assuring microbiologically safe pharmaceuticals and sanitizing instruments. However, research on utilizing air pressure deactivation thresholds in surgical and postoperative rooms to reduce rates of SSIs is lacking.MethodsA case–control study of 801 CABG patients, 128 SSI cases and 673 controls was conducted from January 1, 2006 through March 31, 2009 in Yerevan, Armenia. Patient and surgery characteristics, air pressure measurements and seasons were selected as independent variables with SSI rates as the outcome. The novel threshold regression analysis was used to determine potential air pressure bacterial deactivation thresholds. A final multivariate logistic regression model adjusted for confounders.ResultsOverall, bacterial deactivation air pressure threshold was 694.2 mmHg, with the presence of infection for higher air pressure values not statistically significant from zero. Individual deactivation thresholds for Staphylococcus epidermidis (threshold = 694.2 mmHg) and Escherichia coli (threshold = 689.2) showed similar patterns. Multivariate logistic regression showed air pressure above the deactivation threshold was highly protective against SSIs with adjOR = 0.27 (p‐value = 0.009, 95%CI: 0.10–0.72). Other SSI risk factors included female sex, adjOR = 2.12 (p‐value = 0.006, 95%CI: 1.24–3.62), diabetes, adjOR = 2.61 (p‐value < 0.001, 95%CI: 1.72–3.96) and longer time on ventilator, adjOdds = 1.01 (p‐value = 0.012, 95%CI: 1.00–1.02).ConclusionMaintaining air pressures in operating and postoperative rooms exceeding bacterial‐deactivation thresholds might substantially reduce SSI rates following surgery. Further research should identify specific bacterial‐deactivation air pressure thresholds in surgical and postoperative rooms to reduce SSI rates, especially for drug‐resistant bacteria.
A Randomized Phase II Study to Evaluate Prolonged Prophylactic Antibacterial Drug Treatment for Patients with Elevated Drain Amylase Concentration After Gastrectomy with D2 Lymph Node Dissection (REDUCED2)
Authors: Miki Yuichiro , Tokunaga Masanori , Mori Keita , Fukushima Norimasa , Misawa Kazunari , Nishikawa Kazuhiro , Fujitani Kazumasa , Ohira Masaichi , Tanizawa Yutaka , Bando Etsuro , Terashima Masanori 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionAfter D2 gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer, patients with a high drainage fluid amylase level (d‐AMY) on the first postoperative day (1POD) have an especially high risk of severe abdominal infectious complications (AICs), which could be fatal. On the hypothesis that prolonged antibiotic administration could reduce the incidence of severe AICs, we conducted a randomized phase II study to evaluate the optimal treatment duration of prophylactic antibiotics for patients who underwent D2 gastrectomy and had elevated d‐AMY on 1POD.MethodsPatients whose d‐AMY was >3000 IU/L on 1POD after D2 gastrectomy for gastric cancer were randomly assigned to normal prophylactic antibiotic treatment given only on the day of surgery (Group A) or to prolonged antibiotic treatment given for 1 week after surgery (Group B). The primary endpoint was the incidence of severe AICs (Clavien–Dindo grade IIIa or higher). This trial was registered as UMIN000012152.ResultsThis study was started in December 2013 and stopped in February 2019 because of poor patient accrual. Finally, 35 and 37 patients were assigned to groups A and B, respectively. The incidences of AICs were 22.9% (eight of 35) in group A and 13.5% (five of 37) in group B. One‐sided P value of the Fisher exact test was 0.234. No adverse reactions to antibiotic prophylaxis were observed in any of the patients.ConclusionsProlonged prophylactic antibiotic administration had a marginal benefit in preventing grade III or higher AICs and caused no treatment‐related morbidities.
Automated quantitative MRI volumetry reports support diagnostic interpretation in dementia: a multi-rater, clinical accuracy study
Authors: Pemberton Hugh G. , Goodkin Olivia , Prados Ferran , Das Ravi K. , Vos Sjoerd B. , Moggridge James , Coath William , Gordon Elizabeth , Barrett Ryan , Schmitt Anne , Whiteley-Jones Hefina , Burd Christian , Wattjes Mike P. , Haller Sven , Vernooij Meike W. , Harper Lorna , Fox Nick C. , Paterson Ross W. , Schott Jonathan M. , Bisdas Sotirios , White Mark , Ourselin Sebastien , Thornton John S. , Yousry Tarek A. , Cardoso M. Jorge , Barkhof Frederik ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objectives
We examined whether providing a quantitative report (QReport) of regional brain volumes improves radiologists’ accuracy and confidence in detecting volume loss, and in differentiating Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), compared with visual assessment alone.

Methods
Our forced-choice multi-rater clinical accuracy study used MRI from 16 AD patients, 14 FTD patients, and 15 healthy controls; age range 52–81. Our QReport was presented to raters with regional grey matter volumes plotted as percentiles against data from a normative population (n = 461). Nine raters with varying radiological experience (3 each: consultants, registrars, ‘non-clinical image analysts’) assessed each case twice (with and without the QReport). Raters were blinded to clinical and demographic information; they classified scans as ‘normal’ or ‘abnormal’ and if ‘abnormal’ as ‘AD’ or ‘FTD’.

Results
The QReport improved sensitivity for detecting volume loss and AD across all raters combined (p = 0.015* and p = 0.002*, respectively). Only the consultant group’s accuracy increased significantly when using the QReport (p = 0.02*). Overall, raters’ agreement (Cohen’s κ) with the ‘gold standard’ was not significantly affected by the QReport; only the consultant group improved significantly (κs 0.41➔0.55, p = 0.04*). Cronbach’s alpha for interrater agreement improved from 0.886 to 0.925, corresponding to an improvement from ‘good’ to ‘excellent’.

Conclusion
Our QReport referencing single-subject results to normative data alongside visual assessment improved sensitivity, accuracy, and interrater agreement for detecting volume loss. The QReport was most effective in the consultants, suggesting that experience is needed to fully benefit from the additional information provided by quantitative analyses.

Key Points
• The use of quantitative report alongside routine visual MRI assessment improves sensitivity and accuracy for detecting volume loss and AD vs visual assessment alone.
• Consultant neuroradiologists’ assessment accuracy and agreement (kappa scores) significantly improved with the use of quantitative atrophy reports.
• First multi-rater radiological clinical evaluation of visual quantitative MRI atrophy report for use as a diagnostic aid in dementia.
A statistical–dynamical downscaling methodology for the urban heat island applied to the EURO-CORDEX ensemble
Authors: Le Roy Benjamin , Lemonsu Aude , Schoetter Robert 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRegional Climate Models (RCMs) are the primary climate information available to public stakeholders and city-planners to support local adaptation policies. However, with resolution in the order of ten kilometres, RCMs do not explicitly represent cities and their influence on local climate (e.g. Urban Heat Island; UHI). Downscaling methods are required to bridge the gap between RCMs and city scale. A statistical–dynamical downscaling methodology is developed to quantify the UHI of the city of Paris (France), based on a Local Weather Types (LWTs) classification combined with short-term high-resolution (1-km) urban climate simulations. The daily near-surface temperature amplitude, specific humidity, precipitation, wind speed and direction simulated by the RCMs are used for the LWTs attribution. The LWTs time series is associated to randomly selected days simulated with the mesoscale atmospheric model Meso-NH coupled to the urban canopy model Town Energy Balance to calculate the UHI corresponding to the successive LWTs. The downscaling methodology is applied to the EURO-CORDEX ensemble driven by the ERA-Interim reanalysis, and evaluated for the 2000–2008 period against station observations and a 2.5-km reanalysis. The short-term dynamical simulations slightly underestimate and overestimate near-surface minimum and maximum air temperature respectively, but capture the UHI intensity with biases in the order of a tenth of a degree. RCMs show significant differences in the variables used for the LWTs attribution, but the seasonal LWT frequencies are captured. Consequently, the reconstructed temperature fields maintain the small biases of the Meso-NH simulations and the statistical–dynamical downscaling greatly improves the UHI compared to the raw data of RCMs.
Defining early recurrence in patients with resected primary colorectal carcinoma and its respective risk factors
Authors: Wiesmueller Felix , Schuetz Rolf , Langheinrich Melanie , Brunner Maximilian , Weber Georg F. , Grützmann Robert , Merkel Susanne , Krautz Christian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurposeThere is no evidence-based definition of early recurrence following resection of colorectal cancer. The purpose of this study is to define a point that discriminates between early and late recurrence in patients who have undergone colorectal cancer resection with curative intent and to analyze associated risk factors.MethodsA retrospective single-center cohort study was performed at a university hospital recognized as a comprehensive cancer center, specializing in colorectal cancer surgery. Patient data were retrieved from a prospectively maintained institutional database. Included patients underwent resection for primary, non-metastatic colorectal carcinomas with curative intent between 1995 and 2010. Aims of the study were (1) to define the optimal cut-off point of recurrence-free survival based on overall survival using a minimumpvalue approach and (2) to identify patterns of initial recurrence and putative risk factors for early recurrence using regression models.ResultsRecurrence was diagnosed in 412 of 1893 patients. Statistical analysis suggested that a recurrence-free survival of 16 months could be used to distinguish between early and late recurrence based on overall survival (p < 0.001). Independent risk factors for early recurrence included advanced pT categories (pT3,4/ypT3,4) and positive lymph node status (pN+/ypN+). Early recurrence was independent of site of recurrence and was associated with worse prognosis.ConclusionsRecurrence of colorectal carcinoma within 16 months after primary treatment should be labeled as “early.” Tumor categories pT3,4/ypT3,4 and positive lymph node status pN+/ypN+ are predictive of early recurrence.
Making sense of missense variants in TTN-related congenital myopathies
Authors: Rees Martin , Nikoopour Roksana , Fukuzawa Atsushi , Kho Ay Lin , Fernandez-Garcia Miguel A. , Wraige Elizabeth , Bodi Istvan , Deshpande Charu , Özdemir Özkan , Daimagüler Hülya-Sevcan , Pfuhl Mark , Holt Mark , Brandmeier Birgit , Grover Sarah , Fluss Joël , Longman Cheryl , Farrugia Maria Elena , Matthews Emma , Hanna Michael , Muntoni Francesco , Sarkozy Anna , Phadke Rahul , Quinlivan Ros , Oates Emily C. , Schröder Rolf , Thiel Christian , Reimann Jens , Voermans Nicol , Erasmus Corrie , Kamsteeg Erik-Jan , Konersman Chaminda , Grosmann Carla , McKee Shane , Tirupathi Sandya , Moore Steven A. , Wilichowski Ekkehard , Hobbiebrunken Elke , Dekomien Gabriele , Richard Isabelle , Van den Bergh Peter , Domínguez-González Cristina , Cirak Sebahattin , Ferreiro Ana , Jungbluth Heinz , Gautel Mathias 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMutations in the sarcomeric protein titin, encoded byTTN, are emerging as a common cause of myopathies. The diagnosis of aTTN-related myopathy is, however, often not straightforward due to clinico-pathological overlap with other myopathies and the prevalence ofTTNvariants in control populations. Here, we present a combined clinico-pathological, genetic and biophysical approach to the diagnosis ofTTN-related myopathies and the pathogenicity ascertainment ofTTNmissense variants. We identified 30 patients with a primaryTTN-related congenital myopathy (CM) and two truncating variants, or one truncating and one missenseTTNvariant, or homozygous for oneTTNmissense variant. We found that TTN-related myopathies show considerable overlap with other myopathies but are strongly suggested by a combination of certain clinico-pathological features. Presentation was typically at birth with the clinical course characterized by variable progression of weakness, contractures, scoliosis and respiratory symptoms but sparing of extraocular muscles. Cardiac involvement depended on the variant position. Our biophysical analyses demonstrated that missense mutations associated with CMs are strongly destabilizing and exert their effect when expressed on a truncating background or in homozygosity. We hypothesise that destabilizingTTNmissense mutations phenocopy truncating variants and are a key pathogenic feature of recessive titinopathies that might be amenable to therapeutic intervention.
Selective vulnerability of inhibitory networks in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Zoupi Lida , Booker Sam A. , Eigel Dimitri , Werner Carsten , Kind Peter C. , Spires-Jones Tara L. , Newland Ben , Williams Anna C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, neurodegeneration is detected early in the disease course and is associated with the long-term disability of patients. Neurodegeneration is linked to both inflammation and demyelination, but its exact cause remains unknown. This gap in knowledge contributes to the current lack of treatments for the neurodegenerative phase of MS. Here we ask if neurodegeneration in MS affects specific neuronal components and if it is the result of demyelination. Neuropathological examination of secondary progressive MS motor cortices revealed a selective vulnerability of inhibitory interneurons in MS. The generation of a rodent model of focal subpial cortical demyelination reproduces this selective neurodegeneration providing a new preclinical model for the study of neuroprotective treatments.
Survival of direct composite restorations placed under general anesthesia in adult patients with intellectual and/or physical disabilities
Authors: Maes Mona Shaghayegh , Kanzow Philipp , Hrasky Valentina , Wiegand Annette 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to assess the survival of direct composite restorations placed under general anesthesia in adult patients with intellectual and/or physical disabilities.

Materials and methods
Survival of composite restorations placed under general anesthesia in adult patients with intellectual and/or physical disabilities was retrospectively analyzed. Failure was defined as the need for replacement of at least one surface of the original restoration or extraction of the tooth. Individual-, tooth-, and restoration-related factors were obtained from dental records. Five-year mean annual failure rate (mAFR) and median survival time were calculated (Kaplan-Meier statistics). The effect of potential risk factors on failure was tested using univariate log-rank tests and multivariate Cox-regression analysis (α = 5%).

Results
A total of 728 restorations in 101 patients were included in the analysis. The survival after 5 years amounted to 67.7% (5-year mAFR: 7.5%) and median survival time to 7.9 years. Results of the multivariate Cox-regression analysis revealed physical disability (HR: 50.932, p = 0.001) and combined intellectual/physical disability (HR: 3.145, p = 0.016) compared with intellectual disability only, presence of a removable partial denture (HR: 3.013, p < 0.001), and restorations in incisors (HR: 2.281, p = 0.013) or molars (HR: 1.693, p = 0.017) compared with premolars to increase the risk for failure.

Conclusion
Composite restorations placed under general anesthesia in adult patients with intellectual and/or physical disabilities showed a reasonable longevity as 67.7% survived at least 5 years.

Clinical relevance
Survival of composite restorations depends on risk factors that need to be considered when planning restorative treatment in patients with intellectual and/or physical disabilities. NCT04407520
Rheumatology-led pregnancy clinic: men perspective
Authors: El Miedany Yasser , Palmer Deborah 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe birth of reproductive rheumatology as a subject of interest in rheumatology has led to improvement of clinical care for patients living with autoimmune rheumatic diseases and paved the way towards setting a specialized pregnancy service within the standard rheumatology practice. In contrast to women, where there has been wealth of literature regarding pregnancy, lactation, and birth outcomes, there is not as much focusing on male sexual health and outcomes among inflammatory arthritis patients. Challenges such as decrease ability to conceive, impaired fertility, erectile dysfunction, and other sexual problems have been raised by male patients living with autoimmune rheumatic diseases. This broad scope gives the reproductive health concept in men another expansion with views to include sexual health problems screening among men attending the standard outpatient rheumatology clinics. This article adds to the paucity of real-life experience and aims at discussing the sexual health from the men perspective and provides a practical approach towards screening, and assessment of men living with autoimmune diseases in standard day to day practice.
Auslandsaufenthalt als Kompetenzschule? – Eine empirische Untersuchung der Auswirkungen von Auslandsaufenthalten auf die berufsbezogenen Kompetenzbereiche
Authors: Genkova Petia , Kruse Lisa 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Beitrag zur Zeitschrift Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO) zeigt, basierend auf einer Onlinestudie, dass Auslandsaufenthalte mit höheren arbeitsbezogenen Kompetenzen assoziiert sind. In diesem Beitrag wird also analysiert, inwieweit bei Auslandsaufenthalten von einer Kompetenzschule die Rede sein kann. Auslandserfahrung ist ein fester Bestandteil vieler Curricula geworden. Auslandsaufenthalten wird nicht nur eine Verbesserung von Fremdsprachkenntnissen zugesprochen, sondern auch die Förderung allgemeinerer Kompetenzen sowie eine Weiterentwicklung der Persönlichkeit. Insbesondere wird vermutet, dass Umgang mit Stress und Ambivalenzen, Erfahrungen im Projektmanagement, interkulturelle und soziale Kompetenzen durch die Auslandserfahrungen zunehmen. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde untersucht, inwieweit ein Auslandsaufenthalt, diesen Erwartungen gerecht wird, ob also Kompetenzunterschiede zwischen Personen, die einen Auslandsaufenthalt absolvierten und jenen, die keinen absolvierten, sichtbar sind. Es konnte bestätigt werden, dass Personen mit Auslandserfahrung tatsächlich höhere Werte in den Dimensionen Arbeitsengagement, beruflicher Ehrgeiz, Widerstandskraft, Distanzierungsfähigkeit, offensive Problembewältigung, Engagement, soziale Kompetenz, Dominanz sowie kulturelle Intelligenz aufweisen. Kulturelle Intelligenz hängt sowohl mit der Länge der Auslandsaufenthalte als auch mit der Qualität der Kontakte zu Angehörigen der Gastkultur zusammen. Die Ergebnisse werden diskutiert und abschließend Implikationen für weitere Forschung und die Praxis abgeleitet.
New insights into the life history of Monochamus saltuarius (Cerambycidae: Coleoptera) can enhance surveillance strategies for pine wilt disease
Authors: Li Min , Dai Yun , Wang Yang , Wang Lichao , Sun Shouhui , Chen Fengmao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPine wilt disease was first discovered in Dongtang town, Liaoning Province, China, in 2017.Monochamus saltuariusGebler is a new vector of pinewood nematode and the only known vector in Liaoning Province. The biology of this pest has not been reported thus far; therefore, it is necessary to study its life history. During 2018 and 2019, we collected 138 and 491 adultM. saltuariusbeetles, respectively, to analyze their eclosion from larva to adult stage. In mid-March, overwintering larvae began to feed (on xylem) and seek nutrition in preparation for pupation and eclosion. The adults began to appear in mid-April, and the population reached its peak in late May. The life span of the adults was 28–76 days. After approximately 1 week of supplemental nutrition (feeding on twigs), adults began to mate and lay eggs. The egg stage ofM. saltuariuslasted 4–8 days. The larvae in Dongtang town have 4 instars and overwinter in tunnels as 3rd–4th instars. The 1st-instar stage lasted 3–9 days, the 2nd-instar stage lasted 11–23 days, the 3rd-instar stage lasted 30–130 days, and the 4th-instar stage lasted 44–180 days. The pupal stage lasted 7–12 days, and the life span of the adults was 28–76 days. In this study we systematically monitored the life history ofM. saltuariusfor the first time. Our objective was to lay a foundation for improving control of this pinewood nematode vector.
Simultaneous prediction of valence / arousal and emotion categories and its application in an HRC scenario
Authors: Handrich Sebastian , Dinges Laslo , Al-Hamadi Ayoub , Werner Philipp , Saxen Frerk , Al Aghbari Zaher 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe address the problem of facial expression analysis. The proposed approach predicts both basic emotion and valence/arousal values as a continuous measure for the emotional state. Experimental results including cross-database evaluation on the AffectNet, Aff-Wild, and AFEW dataset shows that our approach predicts emotion categories and valence/arousal values with high accuracies and that the simultaneous learning of discrete categories and continuous values improves the prediction of both. In addition, we use our approach to measure the emotional states of users in an Human-Robot-Collaboration scenario (HRC), show how these emotional states are affected by multiple difficulties that arise for the test subjects, and examine how different feedback mechanisms counteract negative emotions users experience while interacting with a robot system.