bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biocompatible evaluation of fluorescent nanodiamonds in neurons in vitro (780.5)
Authors: Kao Jun‐Wei , Huang Yung‐An , Chiang Ming‐Han , Huang Hou‐Syun , Liu Kuang‐Kai , Chao Jui‐I , Hwang Eric 
Published: June 2021

In recent years, nanodiamond has emerged as a promising biomaterial for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Fluorescent nanodiamond (FND) containing nitrogen‐vacancy centers is a new addition to the nanodiamond family. The ﬂuorophore produced by nitrogen‐vacancy made FND extremely photostable. Furthermore, the high refractive index makes FNDs visible under light microscopy. In previous studies, FND has been reported to have outstanding biocompatibility and high uptake rate in various cell types. However, the application of FND on neurons or nervous tissue remains elusive. In order to study the compatibility of FND on neurons, the viability and morphological alteration of neurons after treated with FND were examined. Dissociated primary neurons from both central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) were cultured in the presence of FND and neither exhibited a reduction in viability. However, we did observe a FND dosage‐dependent decrease in neurite length in both CNS and PNS neurons. Time‐lapse live cell imaging suggested that the reduction of neurite length was due to the spatial hindrance of FND on advancing neuronal growth cone. Additionally, neuronal uptake of FNDs was confirmed using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. These results indicated that FND exhibited low neuronal toxicity and can be readily taken into neurons. However, high dosage of FND may interfere with neurite elongation and should be taken into consideration when applications involve actively growing neurites (e.g. axon regeneration).Grant Funding Source: Supported by National Science Council of Taiwan
NSAIDs inhibit cell migration and calpain expression in rat duodenum (784.1)
Authors: Silver Kristopher , Bawa Bhupinder , Lillich James 
Published: June 2021

Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the most commonly used drugs for the alleviation of pain and inflammation. Unfortunately, daily use of NSAIDs is associated with significant adverse side effects, including erosion and ulceration of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Previous studies have shown that NSAIDs inhibit migration of IEC‐6 cells (a small intestinal epithelial cell line) by inhibiting calpain activity and membrane expression. The current study was undertaken to determine if NSAIDs affect calpain expression and cell migration in vivo. Rats were treated with indomethacin or NS‐398 for 72 h and injected with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) at 6, 12, 18, or 24 h prior to tissue harvest. Sections of duodenum were harvested for RNA and protein extraction as well as for histomorphometric analysis of crypt and villous length and anti‐BrdU immunohistochemistry to estimate cell migration. Our results show that there was stunting of villi and a reduction in cell migration in rat duodenum by NSAID treatment. In addition, protein expression for calpains 1, 2, and 8 was significantly reduced in duodenal mucosa by NSAID treatment despite enhanced expression of calpain 8 mRNA. These results suggest that reductions in calpain expression in vivo are associated with deficits in cell migration caused by NSAIDs, and that calpains may be clinically important targets of NSAID‐induced GI toxicity.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (1R15DK091791)
In vivo exploration of the significance of N‐glycolylneuraminic acid exclusion from the vertebrate brain (787.3)
Authors: Naito‐Matsui Yuko , Davies Leela , Takematsu Hiromu , Chou Hsun‐Hua , Tangvoranuntakul Pam , Carlin Aaron , Verhagen Andrea , Gagneux Pascal , Varki Ajit 
Published: June 2021

Sialic acids are acidic sugars often occupying the non‐reducing terminus of glycans. In mammals, the major sialic acids are N‐acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and N‐glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). The nucleotide donor CMP‐Neu5Gc is biosynthesized from CMP‐Neu5Ac by CMP‐Neu5Ac hydroxylase (Cmah). Regulation of Cmah expression results in markedly varying ratios of Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc among different tissues in different animal species. However, the brain shows extremely low Neu5Gc expression (<3%) in all species tested to date. We used Neu5Gc‐overexpressing Cmah transgenic mice to ask if brain expression of Neu5Gc negatively affects development and/or function. In initial attempts using CMV or NSE promoters, no live mice overexpressing Neu5Gc were obtained, suggesting toxicity. Next, we applied a Cre‐loxP approach for controlled transgene‐derived Cmah expression by Cre recombinase. Interestingly, forced Cmah expression did not show lethality or gross developmental defects with several different Cre mouse lines. The transgenic mice showed remarkably high and widely distributed Neu5Gc expression in the whole brain. Thus, the embryonic lethality seen initially is due to some other effect of Neu5Gc overexpression. This mouse model will provide new insights in understanding unique features of sialic acids in the brain. We are currently studying sialoglycan structures and phenotypes in such mice.Grant Funding Source: NIH R01 CA38701
Pharmacological evaluation of novel furan‐2‐carboxamide derivatives as antihyperlipidemic agents in triton‐induced rats (794.4)
Authors: Al‐Qirim Tareq , Shattat Ghassan , Abu‐Skeika Ghassan , Alhusaini Nadeem 
Published: June 2021

A new series of Furan‐2‐carboxamide derivatives of anthraquinone (compounds N1, N3, N5) were synthesized and tested in vivo using Triton WR‐1339‐induced hyperlipidemic rat as an experimental model for their hypolipidemic activity. The tested animals were divided into six groups: control, hyperlipidemic, N1, N3, N5 and bezafibrate. The designed target derivatives, compounds N1, N3 were inactive. Compound N5 has shown a significant reduction in triglyceride level in rats by 66.5% after 18 h in comparison to the hyperlipidemic group. Furthermore, high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol levels were remarkably increased in compound N5 (p < 0.001) after 18 h in comparison to the hyperlipidemia group and also compound N5 significantly reduced LDL‐C level (p< 0.001) after 18 h in comparison to the hyperlipidemia group. Furthermore, the total cholesterol level was reduced by 85% after 18 h in compound N5 compared to HLG‐treated rats. The present study demonstrated new properties of novel series of furan‐2‐carboxamides N5 as a potent lipid‐lowering agent. It is therefore reasonable to assume that this compound may have a promising potential in the treatment of hyperlipidemia and coronary heart diseases.Grant Funding Source: This research is supported by Al‐Zaytoonah University of Jordan
A weak PAR2 partial agonist that can block PAR2 signaling initiated via protease and/or potent peptidomimetics (794.5)
Authors: Boitano Scott , Flynn Andrea , Hoffman Justin , Asiedu Marina , Zhang Zhenyu , Sherwood Cara , DeFea Kathryn , Vagner Josef , Price Theodore 
Published: June 2021

Protease‐activated receptor‐2 (PAR2) is a GPCR activated by proteolytic cleavage of the extracellular NH2‐terminus resulting in a newly exposed peptide sequence or “tethered ligand.” Potent and efficacious peptidomimetic agonists have been developed to PAR2, however, similar antagonists have been lacking. We have modified the peptidomimetic agonist, 2‐furoyl‐LIGRLO‐NH2, substituting LIG2‐4 with an azabicycloalkane scaffold and O6 with a Tyr. At 10 ‐ 50 M, C391 blocks protease and/or peptidomimetic induced, PAR2 dependent, Ca2+ and MAPK signaling and, ‐arrestin recruitment. In a PAR2‐dependent behavioral mouse model, C391 dose‐dependently blocked (75 g max effect) mast cell degranulation‐induced thermal hyperalgesia. We transformed C391 into a synthetic tethered ligand (C391‐PEG3‐Hdc) in an effort to increase PAR2 affinity and efficacy. C391‐PEG3‐Hdc performed as a partial agonist across PAR2 assays. We conclude that C391 is a weak partial agonist with low M PAR2 affinity that can act as an antagonist when applied at appropriate concentrations. This represents a pharmacological mechanism of action for PAR2 that can be fruitful for the development of therapeutics.Grant Funding Source: NIH‐NS073664
Altered expression of neuroplasticity related genes is associated with pathophysiology of human depression: expression analysis in postmortem human brain of depressed suicide victims (803.13)
Authors: Fuchsova Beata , Alvarez Julia Anabel , Rizavi Hooriyah , Frasch Alberto Carlos , Pandey Ghanshyam 
Published: June 2021

Disruptions in normal plasticity mechanisms have been shown to play a part in the etiology of depression. Likewise, chronic stress, a well‐established risk factor for depression, affects plasticity: reduces dendritic spines, synapses, as well as the length and complexity of dendrites in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC).GPM6A, a neuronally expressed member of the proteolipid protein family, is a key modulator for neurite and filopodium outgrowth, and synapse formation. Previously, we identified GPM6A gene as a stress‐responsive gene downregulated in the hippocampus in animal models of chronic stress. This effect is reversed by antidepressants. Signaling pathways that mediate GPM6A neuroplastic function and its relevance to human depression are unknown.Here we used qPCR to find out whether GPM6A is relevant to the pathogenesis of human depression. For the first time, we show that GPM6A is transcriptionally downregulated in the postmortem hippocampal tissue of suicide subjects with depression. Using coimmunoprecipitation of GPM6A followed by mass spectrometry we identify calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II α, G protein‐coupled receptor kinase‐interacting protein 1, and coronin 1A to form complexes with GPM6A. We show that also mRNA level of these genes and the coordinated transcriptional response is altered in postmortem brain of depressed suicide subjects.Grant Funding Source: ANPCyT
Expression of microRNAs associated with apoptosis in neurospheres and adhered cells in glioblastoma cell line culture treated with ionizing radiation and temozolomida (803.14)
Authors: Rodrigues Andressa , Trevisan Felipe , Peria Fernanda , Carlotti Junior Carlos , Tirapelli Daniela 
Published: June 2021

Objectives: Evaluating the effect of ionizing radiation and temozolomide, alone or associated, on the expression of the miRNAs miR‐15, miR‐16 and miR‐21 in neurospheres and adhered cells in glioblastoma cell line (U343‐MG).Methods: The trypan blue was used to examine cell viability before and after treatment, and real time PCR to analyze the expression of microRNAs in time 0h (immediately after treatments), and 48h after the exposure to treatments.Results: The analysis of cell viability showed no statistically significant difference among the studied groups. The oncogene miR‐21 demonstrated a significantly higher expression in neurospheres in group treated with ionizing radiation (both 0h and 48h). The tumor suppressors microRNAs miR‐15 and miR‐16 had no significant expression among cell types and treatments modalities submissions. However, miR‐15 and miR‐16 had a considerably different expression between the analyzed periods: miR‐15 in the time 0h was highly expressed in adherent cells treated with ionizing radiation and temozolomide; and, during the 48 hour analysis, miR‐15 was more expressed in neurospheres with the same type of treatment. The same expression profile happened with the miR‐16, however being more expressed in the group treated with ionizing radiation.Conclusions: MicroRNAs studied in glioblastoma cell line culture demonstrated differentially expressions when compared neurospheres and adhered cells and different treatments. MiR‐21 expression was significantly different between cell types (neurospheres and adhered cells), remaining more expressed in neurospheres treated with ionizing radiation.
Maternal DHA supplementation during pregnancy and offspring blood pressure at age 5y: follow‐up of a randomized controlled trial in Mexico (804.21)
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Gómez Yareni , Ramakrishnan Usha , Stein Aryeh , Barraza‐Villarreal Albino , Romieu Isabelle , Rivera Juan 
Published: June 2021

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation in adults results in blood pressure improvements. The influence of prenatal DHA supplementation on blood pressure (BP) in childhood remains relatively unexplored. We investigated the effect of DHA supplementation during pregnancy on offspring blood pressure at age 5 y. In a double‐blind, randomized, controlled trial conducted in Mexico (POSGRAD), pregnant women were supplemented daily with 400 mg DHA or placebo from 18‐22 wk gestation to parturition. In the present follow up study, the blood pressure of 802 offspring children at age 5 years (82.4% of the birth cohort) was measured, using an automated blood pressure monitor (OMRON 711). Systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were recorded as the average of three readings (SBP; mean +SD 93.1 + 8.2mmHg and DBP; 56.7 + 6.4mmHg).Between group differences in mean BP (DHA ‐ placebo) were: SBP, 0.56 (95% CI ‐0.50, 1.61) mmHg; and DBP, 0.15 (95% CI ‐0.72, 1.02) mmHg, after adjustment by side of the arm in which the measurement was performed, age at follow‐up, gender, child height and overweight status at age 5y, and maternal overweight at recruitment. Despite improvements in DHA status at birth, this study shows that prenatal DHA supplementation did not affect offspring blood pressure in early childhood.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH (HD058818; HDO43099), March of Dimes Foundation and CONACYT no.SALUD‐2008‐01‐87121
Risk factors for iron depletion and parasites in schoolchildren of Arandas, Jalisco, Mexico (804.24)
Authors: Vasquez‐Garibay Edgar , Campos Liliana , Romero Enrique , Nuño Maria Eugenia , Miranda Lizette , Napoles Francisco , Del Angel Alma , Velarde Fernando 
Published: June 2021

With the purpose to demonstrate risk factors associated to parasites and iron depletion on school children it was carried out a case and control design, 102 children of 60 to 144 months of age as a case group from the Instituto Alteño para el Desarrollo de Arandas, Jalisco and 206 randomly selected children from the elementary school as controls were included. Variables as ferritin levels (ng/mL) and parasites, socioeconomic, demographic, family characteristics, and hygiene were considered. A non paired t Student, U Mann Whitney, chi square tests and odds ratio were estimated. Family income of the controls was higher than cases (p=0.031). Fathers with incomplete elementary school was higher in cases (41.3%) than controls (35.4%) [RM=1.88 (1.0, 3.55), p=0.05]. Temporary jobs were higher cases than controls [RM = 5.6 (3.26, 9.62), p < 0.001]. Ferritin concentration was higher in controls (60 ng/mL) that cases (25 ng/mL) p < 0.001. Frequency of parasites was of 32% in cases and 22% in controls. Giardiasis and two or more parasites were higher in cases than controls (p < 0.01). Lower family incomes, instability of father’s job, lack of education, persons sleeping in the same room and living with animals were associated with parasites and iron depletion. (p < 0.05). There were a similarity of associated factors to iron depletion and parasites and the presence of parasites was risk factor for iron depletion.Grant Funding Source: National Council for Science and Technology, Mexico & Teasdale Corti Grant # 103460‐044, Canada
Caregiver perceptions, practices, and preferences relating to multiple micronutrient powders for children 6‐23 mo of age in the northern highlands of Peru (804.28)
Authors: Harding Kimberly , Zavaleta Nelly , Roche Marion , Neufeld Lynnette 
Published: June 2021

Background: To ensure multiple micronutrient powders (MNP) for children have their intended effect, it is important to understand caregivers’ experiences. Objective: We aimed to assess perceptions, practices, and preferences relating to the use of MNP among caregivers of children enrolled in a study to compare different MNP dosing schemes in Cajamarca, Peru. Methods: Infants age 6‐11 mo (n=400) were randomly assigned to 6 mo daily, 6 mo intermittent (every other day), 12 mo daily, or 12 mo intermittent MNP supplementation. MNP were provided monthly and field staff conducted home visits twice monthly. Unused MNP sachets were collected throughout and at endline (12 mo) all caregivers were asked about their experiences using MNP. Results: Most (94%) reported being very satisfied with MNP. One quarter (27%) reported difficulties remembering to give the MNP scheme as recommended. The most frequently reported strategies for remembering were keeping the MNP in the kitchen or bedroom. Most (98%) reported that giving their child MNP eventually became part of their regular routine; about half (59%) said that this took a week or less. Adherence was high; 85% of the MNP sachets were used and almost everyone (98%) reported giving all or most of the MNP to their child. Most (95%) reported noticing benefits after giving MNP to their child; increased appetite and increased hemoglobin (as informed by the study nurse) were most common. Caregivers assigned to the daily scheme were over 3 times more likely to say they would select their own scheme, compared to those in the intermittent group (OR: 3.6, 95%CI: 2.3‐5.7). Conclusions: MNP were acceptable and used with high adherence over the long term in this population; daily supplementation was preferred over intermittent.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Micronutrient Initiative
The relationship between family income and physical fitness and obesity of children (806.11)
Authors: Jin Yichen , Jones‐Smith Jessica 
Published: June 2021

Objective To assess the association between family income and children’s physical fitness and obesity with 8 race/ethnic groups.Methods 1,618,892 fifth, seventh, and ninth grade children who took the physical fitness test (PFT) between 2010 and 2012 in California were included in this cross‐sectional study. Multiple linear and log‐binomial regressions were used to test whether lower‐family income (as indicated by eligibility for National School Lunch Program) was associated with physical fitness or obesity. Differences were tested by race/ethnicity while adjusting for age and gender.Results Average fitness score was 4.45 (standard deviation=1.47); range 0 (least healthy) to 6 (most healthy). Prevalence of obesity was 19.3%. 56% of children were classified as lower income. Lower family income (vs. higher) was associated with lower fitness score (‐0.58, 95% confidence interval [CI]: ‐0.62 to ‐0.53). Lower income children had higher prevalence of obesity (relative risk=1.82, 95% CI: 1.74 to 1.91) compared to higher income children. These inverse associations were seen among American Indian, Asian, Pacific Islander, Filipino, Hispanic/Latino, African American, White and two or more races for which inverse associations were significant.Conclusion Within many race/ethnic groups, children with lower family incomes tend to have less healthy physical fitness status and have higher risk of obesity.
Behavioral measures of eating in relation to body habitus in college freshmen (810.29)
Authors: Hootman K , Bailey J , Guertin K , Cassano P 
Published: June 2021

The transition to college is associated with weight gain in 75% of freshmen, but the relations between behavioral indicators of eating and anthropometric outcomes are unclear. In a longitudinal study of 264 randomly selected participants, the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) was administered the summer prior to freshman year of college. Body composition (truncal and total body adiposity via DXA) was assessed at baseline; anthropometry measurements [weight, height, and waist circumference (WC)] were collected at the beginning and end of the first semester. Covariates included baseline usual diet (FFQ), physical activity and sedentary time, as well as the frequency of dining hall use over the first semester. 92% of participants completed the TFEQ and 69% completed follow‐up. Compared to males, females had greater total TFEQ scores and greater emotional eating (EE) and cognitive restraint sub‐scores (P<0.05). In cross‐sectional gender‐adjusted linear regression models, total TFEQ score and the disinhibited eating (DE) and EE sub‐scores were positively associated (P<0.05) with baseline anthropometry and body composition. In models fully adjusted for covariates, the associations of total TFEQ and EE scores were strengthened; total TFEQ explained 0.4‐8.4% of the variation in anthropometric indicators, whereas the 3 sub‐scores together explained 1.6‐12.7%. The TFEQ (total and sub‐scores) had little or no relation with anthropometric change over the first semester, but frequency of dining hall use was positively associated with change in all anthropometric indicators (P<0.05). Disinhibited and emotional eating scores were positively associated with weight, BMI and WC at the beginning of freshman year, but did not predict change in these anthropometric indicators over the first semester.Grant Funding Source: Supported by internal funding from Cornell and NRSA InstitutionalTraining Grant T32 DK 7158‐38 (KH).
Dietary fat intake and plasma homocysteine in human immunodeficiency virus‐infected patients (810.3)
Authors: Boyer Jacqueline , Campa Adriana , Martinez Sabrina , Greer Pedro , Dizon Kimberly , Fleetwood Chrisitina , Nagi Gagandeep , Ramamoorthy Venkataraghavan , Stewart Tiffanie , Baum Marianna 
Published: June 2021

Objective: Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. We assessed the relationship between diet and plasma homocysteine (Hcy) in HIV‐infection.Methods: After consenting, plasma Hcy, folate, and vitamin B12 were obtained from 291 HIV+ adults. HHcy was defined as Hcy>12 µmol/L. 24‐hour food recalls were analyzed using Nutribase 9.0; ART use was collected. Linear and Logistic regressions were used.Results: Mean age was 44.92 years, 65% were men, 69.8% Black, and 81% were on ART; 22.7% had HHcy. Participants not on ART had higher saturated fat intake (33.64±28.42 vs. 25.41±20.54 g, P=0.045) and higher plasma Hcy levels (11.14±2.90 vs. 10.04±3.97 μmol/L, P= 0.053) than those on ART. Hcy levels were positively correlated with total fat (β=0.011, SE=0.004, p=0.020) and saturated fat intake (β=0.029, SE=0.013, p=0.036). Among those on ART, Hhcy was associated with high systolic blood pressure (OR=2.17, 95% CI: 1.112, 4.251, p=0.023).Conclusion: HHcy is associated with higher total fat and saturated fat intake in HIV+ adults not ART. Among those on ART, Hcy was not associated with diet, but with hypertension. Interventions should be tailored to address increased fat intake and hypertension in the HIV+ population.Grant Funding Source: NIAAA