bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐entropy alloys and compounds for electrocatalytic energy conversion applications
Authors: Liu Hang , Syama Lenus , Zhang Like , Lee Carmen , Liu Chuntai , Dai Zhengfei , Yan Qingyu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHigh‐entropy materials, composed of five or more elements in near‐equiatomic percentage, have been attracting tremendous interests due to their advantageous properties in a variety of applications. Recently, electrocatalysis on high‐entropy alloys (HEAs) and high‐entropy compounds (HECs) has emerged as a new and promising material owing to the tailored composition and the disordered configuration of HEAs and HECs. Though extensive efforts have been devoted to investigating the catalytic nature of HEAs and HECs, the details related to the active sites and intrinsic activity of such catalysts still remain uncertain due to the complexity of the multicomponent systems. In this review, the recent progress of HEAs and HECs is systematically reviewed in terms of their synthetic strategies and electrocatalytic applications. Importantly, the computationally assisted methods (e.g., density functional theory [DFT]) are also presented to discover and design the optimum HEA‐ and HEC‐based catalysts. Subsequently, the applications of HEAs and HECs in electrocatalytic energy conversion reactions will be discussed, including hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, carbon dioxide reduction reaction, nitrogen reduction reaction, methanol oxidation reaction, and ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR). Moreover, the prospects and future opportunities for this research field are cautiously discussed. A series of upcoming challenges and questions are thoroughly proposed from the experimental and theoretical aspects as well as other future applications in electrocatalysis.
Implicit alignment: India's National Water Policy and a human rights‐based approach to water management
Authors: Schiff Jennifer S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAs a potential solution to water scarcity, the United Nations advocates for a human rights‐based (HRB) approach to water management, characterized by a focus on the provision of safe drinking water and sanitation, stakeholder participation, and the realization of water equity for traditionally marginalized communities. Although most states around the world suffer from some form of water scarcity or stress, not all governments have officially recognized the validity of an HRB approach to water management. India stands as an instructive case study in this regard. The Indian state suffers from physical and economic water scarcity across its urban and rural communities, but the Indian federal government has not yet explicitly recognized the human right to water as a legitimate policy approach. Interestingly, though, the right to water has been tacitly recognized within India's legal system; thus, it is worth examining whether a tacit recognition of an HRB approach to water management exists in other aspects of India's national policy. This article utilizes content analysis to explore that question by, first, identifying seven key concepts within an HRB water management approach and, second, tracing those concepts through the 1987, 2002, and 2012 iterations of India's National Water Policy. The results help to illustrate that India's National Water Policy is congruent with an HRB approach to water management, although challenges remain due to a lack of both accountability and clarification of responsibilities between the national and subsidiary governments within India.This article is categorized under:
Human Water > Rights to Water
Human Water > Water Governance
Chapter 10: Agri-Food Trade Between the United States and Russia: From Divergence to Irrelevance
Authors: Wegren Stephen K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis chapter investigates the impact of political relations on U.S. food exports to the Soviet Union and Russia. The chapter finds that during the Cold War, political relations between the United States and Russia and agricultural trade were divergent, which means that food trade was not much affected by poor relations. In the post-Soviet period, the relationship between politics and agricultural exports has become convergent, which means that political relations and U.S. exports move in the same direction. With Putin in office, U.S. agricultural exports have fallen into irrelevance, a trend that predates Russia’s 2014 food embargo against the West.
Chapter 8: Russia’s Agri-Food Trade Within the Eurasian Economic Union
Authors: Dragneva Rilka 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis chapter examines the role of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) in Russia’s agricultural food trade. The discussion focuses on four of the most important areas affecting agri-food trade, namely the food safety regime, the effects of Russia’s food import ban, the agenda for agricultural cooperation, and the external free trade agreements of the bloc. The analysis identifies the critical role of structural factors in the build-up of obstacles to trade, including the weak common regime and its inability to constrain unilateral actions at the cost of integration. The chapter concludes that despite some recognition of the issues, fundamental changes are unlikely.
SL(3, ℤ) Modularity and New Cardy limits of the $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 superconformal index
Authors: Jejjala Vishnu , Lei Yang , van Leuven Sam , Li Wei 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The entropy of 1/16-th BPS AdS5 black holes can be microscopically accounted for by the superconformal index of the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super-Yang-Mills theory. One way to compute this is through a Cardy-like limit of a formula for the index obtained in [1] using the “S-transformation” of the elliptic Γ function. In this paper, we derive more general SL(3, ℤ) modular properties of the elliptic Γ function. We then use these properties to obtain a three integer parameter family of generalized Cardy-like limits of the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 superconformal index. From these limits, we obtain entropy formulae that have a similar form as that of the original AdS5 black hole, up to an overall rescaling of the entropy. We interpret this both on the field theory and the gravitational side. Finally, we comment on how our work suggests a generalization of the Farey tail to four dimensions.
Chern-Weil global symmetries and how quantum gravity avoids them
Authors: Heidenreich Ben , McNamara Jacob , Montero Miguel , Reece Matthew , Rudelius Tom , Valenzuela Irene 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe draw attention to a class of generalized global symmetries, which we call “Chern-Weil global symmetries,” that arise ubiquitously in gauge theories. The Noether currents of these Chern-Weil global symmetries are given by wedge products of gauge field strengths, such asF2∧H3and tr($$ {F}_2^2 $$F22), and their conservation follows from Bianchi identities. As a result, they are not easy to break. However, it is widely believed that exact global symmetries are not allowed in a consistent theory of quantum gravity. As a result, any Chern-Weil global symmetry in a low-energy effective field theory must be either broken or gauged when the theory is coupled to gravity. In this paper, we explore the processes by which Chern-Weil symmetries may be broken or gauged in effective field theory and string theory. We will see that many familiar phenomena in string theory, such as axions, Chern-Simons terms, worldvolume degrees of freedom, and branes ending on or dissolving in other branes, can be interpreted as consequences of the absence of Chern-Weil symmetries in quantum gravity, suggesting that they might be general features of quantum gravity. We further discuss implications of breaking and gauging Chern-Weil symmetries for particle phenomenology and for boundary CFTs of AdS bulk theories. Chern-Weil global symmetries thus offer a unified framework for understanding many familiar aspects of quantum field theory and quantum gravity.
Local Variations in Broadband Sensor Installations: Orientations, Sensitivities, and Noise Levels
Authors: Ringler A. T. , Anthony R. E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAs
seismologists continue to place more stringent demands on data quality, accurately described metadata are becoming increasingly important. In order to better constrain the orientation and sensitivities of seismometers deployed in U.S. Geological Survey networks, the Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory (ASL) has recently begun identifying true north with a fiber optic gyroscope (FOG) and has developed methodologies to constrain mid-band, vertical component sensitivity levels to less than 1% in a controlled environment. However, questions remain regarding the accuracy of this new alignment technique as well as if instrument sensitivities and background noise levels are stable when the seismometers are installed in different environmental settings. In this study, we examine the stability and repeatability of these parameters by reinstalling two high-quality broadband seismometers (Streckeisen STS-2.5 and Nanometrics T-360 Global Seismographic Network (GSN) version) at different locations around the ASL and comparing them to each other and a reference STS-6 seismometer that stayed stationary for the duration of the experiment. We find that even in different environmental conditions, the sensitivities of the two broadband seismometers stayed stable to within 0.1% and that orientations attained using the FOG are generally accurate to within a degree. However, one install was off by 5° due to a mistake made by the installation team. These results indicate that while technology and methodologies are now in place to calibrate and orient a seismometer to within 1°, human error both during the installation and while producing the metadata is often a limiting factor. Finally, we find that background noise levels at short periods (0.1–1 s) become noisier when the sensors are emplaced in unconsolidated materials, whereas the noise levels at long periods (30–100 s) are not sensitive to local geological structure on the vertical components.
Modified scattering for the nonlinear nonlocal Schrödinger equation in one-dimensional case
Authors: Hayashi Nakao , Naumkin Pavel I. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe study the large time asymptotics of solutions to the Cauchy problem for the nonlinear nonlocal Schrödinger equation with critical nonlinearity $$\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{l} i\partial _{t}\left( u-\partial _{x}^{2}u\right) +\partial _{x}^{2}u-a\partial _{x}^{4}u=\lambda \left| u\right| ^{2}u,\text { } t>0,{\ }x\in {\mathbb {R}}\mathbf {,} \\ u\left( 0,x\right) =u_{0}\left( x\right) ,{\ }x\in {\mathbb {R}}\mathbf {,} \end{array} \right. \end{aligned}$$

i

∂
t

u
-

∂

x

2

u

+

∂

x

2

u
-
a

∂

x

4

u
=
λ

u

2

u
,

t
>
0
,

x
∈
R
,

u

0
,
x

=

u
0

x

,

x
∈
R
,

where $$a>\frac{1}{5},$$

a
>

1
5

,

$$\lambda \in {\mathbb {R}}$$

λ
∈
R

. We continue to develop the factorization techniques which was started in papers Hayashi and Naumkin (Z Angew Math Phys 59(6):1002–1028, 2008) for Klein–Gordon, Hayashi and Naumkin (J Math Phys 56(9):093502, 2015) for a fourth-order Schrödinger, Hayashi and Kaikina (Math Methods Appl Sci 40(5):1573–1597, 2017) for a third-order Schrödinger to show the modified scattering of solutions to the equation. The crucial points of our approach presented here are based on the $${\mathbf {L}}^{2}$$

L

2

-boundedness of the pseudodifferential operators.
Drag reduction mechanisms on a generic square-back vehicle using an optimised yaw-insensitive base cavity
Authors: Urquhart Magnus , Varney Max , Sebben Simone , Passmore Martin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRegulations on global greenhouse gas emission are driving the development of more energy-efficient passenger vehicles. One of the key factors influencing energy consumption is the aerodynamic drag where a large portion of the drag is associated with the base wake. Environmental conditions such as wind can increase the drag associated with the separated base flow. This paper investigates an optimised yaw-insensitive base cavity on a square-back vehicle in steady crosswind. The test object is a simplified model scale bluff body, the Windsor geometry, with wheels. The model is tested experimentally with a straight cavity and a tapered cavity. The taper angles have been optimised numerically to improve the robustness to side wind in relation to drag. Base pressures and tomographic Particle Image Velocimetry of the full wake were measured in the wind tunnel. The results indicate that a cavity decreases the crossflow within the wake, increasing base pressure, therefore lowering drag. The additional optimised cavity tapering further reduces crossflow and results in a smaller wake with less losses. The overall wake unsteadiness is reduced by the cavity by minimising mixing in the shear layers as well as dampening wake motion. However, the coherent wake motions, indicative of a balanced wake, are increased by the investigated cavities.
Graphical abstract
Quality of life of locally advanced pancreatic cancer patients after FOLFIRINOX treatment
Authors: van der Sijde Fleur , Schafthuizen Laura , van ’t Land Freek R. , Moskie Miranda , van Laarhoven Hanneke W. M. , van Dijk Monique , van Eijck Casper H. J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Quality of life in cancer patients might be affected by chemotherapy-induced toxicity. Especially in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), with a short life expectancy, fear of poor quality of life is often a reason for both patients and medical oncologists to refrain from further treatment. In this study, we investigated quality of life (QoL), pain, sleep, and activity levels in locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) patients after FOLFIRINOX treatment.

Methods
A total of 41 LAPC patients with stable disease or partial response were included after completion of at least four cycles of FOLFIRINOX. QoL was measured with the EORTC QLQ-C30 and NRS pain scores. Patients completed the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ) for five consecutive nights and wore a GENEActiv tri-axial accelerometer (Actiwatch) for 7 days, registering sleep duration, efficiency, and activity.

Results
Mean EORTC QLQ-C30 score for global health status was 78.3 (± 17.3), higher than reference values for cancer patients (P < 0.001) and general population (P = 0.045). LAPC patients reported few disease-related symptoms. Two patients (5%) reported pain scores > 3. Mean sleep duration was 8 h/night (± 1.2 h) and sleep efficiency 70% (± 9%) with high patient-reported quality of sleep (mean RCSQ score 72.0 ± 11.4). Mean duration of moderate-vigorous activity was 37 min/week (± 103 min/week).

Conclusions
QoL is very good in most LAPC patients with disease control after FOLFIRINOX, measured with validated questionnaires and Actiwatch registration. The fear of clinical deterioration after FOLFIRINOX is not substantiated by this study and should not be a reason to refrain from treatment.

Trial registration
Dutch trial register NL7578.
Electrostatic charge distribution in armchair and zigzag carbon nanotubes: a numerical comparison of CNT charge models
Authors: Lönnecke K. , Eberhardt O. , Wallmersperger T. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn engineering—especially in mechanics, lightweight engineering, aerospace engineering, electrical engineering as well as bioengineering—there is a desire of developing materials enabling an excellent performance with respect to mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. One of the most promising materials are carbon nanotubes (CNTs), as they show excellent mechanical and electrical properties. To improve the understanding of the electrical behavior, i.e., the charge distribution in single-walled carbon nanotubes, both open ended armchair and zigzag types are investigated. In the present research, three different modeling approaches, a classic electrostatic model, the model by Li and Chou and the model by Mayer, are analyzed and compared with respect to their further applicability. In the numerical investigations, different test cases are performed: (i) the carbon nanotubes are charged with an overall charge, (ii) the CNTs are exposed to an external electric field, and (iii) the test cases (i) and (ii) are combined. Furthermore, the influence of different geometric parameters is investigated. It is shown that the charge applied to the CNTs distributes over the whole CNT having maxima at the ends of the tubes. These maxima can be influenced by both, the geometric parameters and the electric field strength.
Exposure to virtual nature: the impact of different immersion levels on skin conductance level, heart rate, and perceived relaxation
Authors: Knaust Thiemo , Felnhofer Anna , Kothgassner Oswald D. , Höllmer Helge , Gorzka Robert-Jacek , Schulz Holger 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIt is generally accepted that natural environments reduce stress and improve mood. Since access to natural environments is sometimes limited, virtual natural environments, especially monoscopic 360° nature videos, offer a viable alternative. However, it remains unclear whether presenting monoscopic 360° nature videos via a head-mounted display (HMD) or a PC monitor results in larger relaxation effects. Therefore, this study examined whether a monoscopic 360° beach video presented with an HMD is significantly more relaxing than the same video presented via a PC screen, or no video at all (control condition), in altering skin conductance level (SCL), heart rate (HR), and perceived relaxation. Overall, 102 adults (40.2% females, age range 19–62 years) participated in a counterbalanced, randomized, controlled, within-subject experiment. All participants were subjected to three stressors comprising different mental arithmetic tasks, followed by three different recovery phases (HMD, PC, control). For SCL, the results showed a significantly larger decrease in the HMD and PC than in the control condition, but no significant differences between the HMD and PC condition. For HR, there were no significant differences between the recovery conditions. However, the HMD condition was rated significantly more relaxing than the other conditions, with no significant differences between the PC and control condition. Exploratory analyses showed that these results were not moderated by the participants’ age, gender, or technology anxiety. Overall, the psychophysiological results showed no significant benefit favoring the HMD over PC condition, although the self-reported relaxation ratings did. Future studies are warranted to clarify this divergence.
Social network and institution-based strategy research
Authors: Opper Sonja 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlmost two decades ago,Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 19(2/3): 251–267 Peng (2002) called attention to the promise of institution-based strategy research. The puzzle was to explain differences in strategies around the globe. Building on the work accomplished so far, I ask: Can institution-based strategy succeed when embedded in inappropriate social networks? Institutions and networks are usually studied as separate phenomena, yet each also defines the capabilities of the other. Institutions shape social network contacts and structures because institutions define opportunities for affiliation and the relative value of distinct contacts and network structures. At the same time, social networks shape institutions and organizations’ capabilities for institutional innovation. Thus, the social network in which a manager or organization is embedded can either amplify or counteract success in implementing institution-based strategy. After I review the co-constitutional nature of institutions and networks and discuss a number of sample studies using China as a productive research site, I sketch questions that need to be answered to more tightly integrate network behavior into institutional strategy research, and discuss four emerging areas of research into how network-strategy fit affects performance: (1) network fit to adaptive strategy, (2) network fit to change strategy, (3) institutional dynamics and network-strategy fit, and (4) institutional distance and network-strategy fit.
New developments in the field of genomic technologies and their relevance to conservation management
Authors: Segelbacher Gernot , Bosse Mirte , Burger Pamela , Galbusera Peter , Godoy José A. , Helsen Philippe , Hvilsom Christina , Iacolina Laura , Kahric Adla , Manfrin Chiara , Nonic Marina , Thizy Delphine , Tsvetkov Ivaylo , Veličković Nevena , Vilà Carles , Wisely Samantha M. , Buzan Elena 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecent technological advances in the field of genomics offer conservation managers and practitioners new tools to explore for conservation applications. Many of these tools are well developed and used by other life science fields, while others are still in development. Considering these technological possibilities, choosing the right tool(s) from the toolbox is crucial and can pose a challenging task. With this in mind, we strive to inspire, inform and illuminate managers and practitioners on how conservation efforts can benefit from the current genomic and biotechnological revolution. With inspirational case studies we show how new technologies can help resolve some of the main conservation challenges, while also informing how implementable the different technologies are. We here focus specifically on small population management, highlight the potential for genetic rescue, and discuss the opportunities in the field of gene editing to help with adaptation to changing environments. In addition, we delineate potential applications of gene drives for controlling invasive species. We illuminate that the genomic toolbox offers added benefit to conservation efforts, but also comes with limitations for the use of these novel emerging techniques.
Technical Brokering of Immigrant Adolescents in Switzerland: A Developmental-Acculturative Perspective
Authors: Aumann Lara , Titzmann Peter F. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the present digital age, intrafamilial dynamics and adolescents’ support of their parents in media use (technical brokering, Katz, 2010) are increasing in attention. However, the significance of migration-specific processes in adolescents’ technical brokering is less understood. In immigrant families, adolescents’ technical brokering may help families in adapting to the host culture and in keeping contact with friends and family abroad. This study investigated differences in the level of technical brokering between German immigrant and native Swiss adolescents and tested whether migration-unrelated (family life) or migration-related (i.e., culture brokering, Tse, 1995) factors are better predictors of interindividual differences in technical brokering in high SES immigrant families. The sample comprised 301 adolescents in Switzerland: 136 German immigrant adolescents (average age = 15.3, 65% female) and 165 native Swiss adolescents (average age = 15.9, 61% female). Adolescents stated the frequency of technical brokering tasks as well as culture brokering and migration-related processes. The results revealed that German immigrant adolescents provided technical brokering more frequently than native Swiss adolescents. Hierarchical regressions confirmed that technical brokering in German immigrant families is best explained by adolescents’ supporting their family in mastering the transition to a new country, as predictors pertaining to culture brokering, and host culture orientation explained most of the variance. This interpretation received further support by an interaction effect showing that technical brokering is particularly frequent when adolescents act as a culture broker in families with substantial socio-cultural adaptation difficulties. This study complements an often deficit-oriented view on immigrant youth with a view of their active and constructive role in immigrant family processes.