bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Heuristic Approach to Dynamic Stiffness Control
Authors: Fakour Farhad , Siadati M. Hossein 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
For appropriate and even superior performance yet cost reduction, this work was performed with the aim of weight reduction in the overall design and construction of possibly any machine tools. As far as our literature search is concerned, there does not seem to be much work published regarding successful weight reduction while maintaining performance using mass participation factor (MPF) in the areas of interest of the machine tools. In order to accomplish this task, we started with the ‘bed’ compartment of a CNC system and resorted to using the finite element analysis (FEA) software package and thoughtfully manipulated the available data/parameters until the desired results were obtained. The most important parameters were static stiffness, dynamic stiffness, and damping ratio. On the ‘bed’ of the machines’ compartment currently in production, it was so identified that there was unnecessary material (dead weight), and thus the FEA software was used in order to remove the unnecessary material by iteration. Finally, a new machine was built devoid of the unnecessary material, resulted in 9.3% weight reduction as predicted by the simulation, without sacrificing any accuracy and/or precision in performance.
Experimental Research on the Surface Quality of Milling Contour Bevel Gears
Authors: Wu Mingyang , Zhang Jianyu , Ma Chunjie , Zhang Yali , Cheng Yaonan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Contour bevel gears have the advantages of high coincidence, low noise and large bearing capacity, which are widely used in automobile manufacturing, shipbuilding and construction machinery. However, the quality of the tooth surface has a significant impact on the transmission accuracy of the gear, so it is of great significance to optimize the surface quality of the contour bevel gear. This paper firstly analyzes the formation process of machined surface roughness of contour bevel gears on the basis of generating machining method, and dry milling experiments of contour bevel gears are conducted to analyze the effects of cutting speed and feed rate on the machined surface roughness and surface topography of the workpiece. Then, the surface defects on the machined surface of the workpiece are studied by SEM, and the causes of the surface defects are analyzed by EDS. After that, XRD is used to compare the microscopic grains of the machined surface and the substrate material for diffraction peak analysis, and the effect of cutting parameters on the microhardness of the workpiece machined surface is investigated by work hardening experiment. The research results are of great significant for improving the machining accuracy of contour bevel gears, reducing friction losses and improving transmission efficiency.
Dynamic cognitive characteristics of emotional conflict in subthreshold depressed patients: An Event-Related Potential Study
Authors: Wang Weizhou , Xie Qi , Zhang Lulu , Hu Shuang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Subthreshold depression (SubD) has a considerable impact on an individual’s subjective well-being and psychosocial functioning, and is a risk factor for Major depression disorder (MDD). The inability to effectively control and resolve emotional conflict is a typical symptom of certain mood disorders, and the aim of this study was to confirm impairments in cognitive processing mechanisms for emotional conflict processing in SubD patients with event-related potential (ERP) recording. The study of the mechanisms of emotional conflict in subthreshold depression may provide an ideal model for understanding the neurophysiological mechanisms and developing preventive strategies in patients with MDD. Methods:The Healthy control (HC) and SubD groups were recruited, with 32 subjects in each group completing the word-face Stroop paradigm, during which ERP amplitudes and latencies were recorded. Results:Compared to HC group, the SubD group had lower accuracy and longer response times in both the "consistent stimulus" and "inconsistent stimulus" conditions. Regardless of the stimulus condition, the SubD group had a greater N2 amplitude in the prefrontal mid-lobe region. In the SubD group, the N450 amplitude was also found to be greater in the prefrontal middle region for the "incongruent stimulus minus congruent stimulus" and the conflict SP amplitude was smaller in the parieto-occipital region for the "incongruent stimulus minus congruent stimulus". Conclusions:The findings suggest that, supported by behavioural and brain evidence, people with SubD have dynamic cognitive deficits in emotional conflict processing, specifically greater sensitivity to early processing of emotional stimuli and sharper detection of emotional conflict, but more delayed adaptation and response options following emotional conflict resolution.
Spatial Distribution of Trophic Groups of Amoebae Around the Root Zone of Zea Mays Mycorrhizal With Rhizophagus Intraradices Grown in Microcosms
Authors: Cortes-Pérez Sandra , Ferrera-Cerrato Ronald , Rodríguez-Zaragoza Salvador , Alarcón Alejandro 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Fitness and productivity of most terrestrial plants depend on early associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and mutualistic bacteria. Plants select most of the microbial communities cohabiting their roots and mycorrhizosphere, attracting also all types of microbial predators. Naked amoebae are among the most voracious predators inflicting significant changes in soils bacterial and fungal populations. We evaluated how roots of Zea mays with or without Rhizophagus intraradices mycorrhizosphere (AMF) influence trophic groups of amoebae, along vertical (3, 6, and 9-cm) and horizontal soil distribution (roots and free-root compartments) grown in microcosms after, 20 days. Amoebae community in Non-AMF showed a high species richness in the root zone at 3 to 6-cm depth, and at the two free-root compartment away from plants. Conversely, AMF and mycelium zones modified the amoeba community at 6 to 9-cm depth, recording higher diversity of trophic groups than unplanted soil compartments. The highest bacterivorous diversity was found at the closer compartment to AMF roots, but fungivorous amoebae was not recorded. Amoebae feeding preferences were similar in both AMF and Non-AMF microcosms in where bacterivorous amoebae were dominant, while protozoa-eating amoebae were more frequent at the mycelium compartments. Rare amoebae species were found in AMF microcosms in comparison to those recorded from Non-AMF and unplanted microcosms.
Lactic Acid Bacteria From Saltwater Fish Samples: Probiotic Potential Characterization and Clustering Using Unsupervised Algorithms
Authors: Mazlomi Atefeh , Panahi Bahman , Nami Yousef 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This research aimed to isolate lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from the bowl of saltwater fish to assess their probiotic properties. Nineteen isolates of LAB including Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactococcus lactis, Enterococcus hirae, Enterococcus lactis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Pediococcus acidilactici, and Pediococcus lolli were recognized using molecular tools. All the isolates survived in the simulated conditions of the GI tract. Auto-aggregation ranged from 01.3 ± 0.5% to 82.6 ± 1.4% and hydrophobicity with toluene ranged from 3.7 ± 1.6% to 69.4 ± 1.3%, while the range of hydrophobicity with xylene was from 02.2 ± 1.6% to 56.4 ± 2.1%. All the isolates of lactobacilli, pediococci, enterococci, and lactococci indicated variable sensitivity and resistance towards clinical antibiotics. Non-neutralized cell free supernatant of isolates F12 and F15 showed antimicrobial activity against all the 8 evaluated enteric pathogens. Cluster analysis of identified potential probiotic bacteria based on heat-map and PCA methods also highlighted the priority of isolates F3, F7, F12, and F15 as bio-control agents in fishery industry. The findings of this study may essentially contribute to the understanding of the probiotic potential of LAB in saltwater fish, in order to access their probiotic characterization for use as biocontrol in fishery.
An Allometric Model Based Approach For Estimating Biomass In Seven Indian Bamboo Species In Western Himalayan Foothills, India
Authors: Kaushal R. , Islam S. , Tewari Salil , Tomar J. M.S. , Thapliyal S. , Madhu M. , Trinh T. L. , Durai J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The rapid growth rate, high biomass production, and annual harvesting, makes bamboo as suitable species for commercial production. Allometric equations for many broadleaf and conifer tree species are available. However, knowledge on biomass production and allometric equations of bamboos are limited. This study aims at developing species specific allometric models for predicting biomass and synthetic height values as a proxy variable for seven bamboo species in Himalayan foothills. Two power form based allometric models were used to predict above ground and culm biomass using Diameter at breast height (D) alone and D in combination with culm height (H) as independent variable. This study also extended to establishing H-D allometric model that can be used to generate synthetic H values as proxy to missing H. In the seven bamboo species studied, among three major biomass component (culm, branch and foliage), culm is the most important component with highest share (69.56 to 78.71%).Distribution of percentage (%) share of culm, branch and foliage to above ground fresh weight varies significantly between different bamboo species. D. hamiltonii has highest productivity for above ground biomass components. Ratio of dry to fresh weight of seven bamboo species was estimated for culm, branch, foliage and above ground biomass to convert fresh weight to dry weight.
Study On Diagnosis And Management Strategies On Heterotopic Pregnancy
Authors: Zhang Yan , Chen Xiujuan , Lin Yuan , Lian Chengying , Xiong Xiumei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objective The aims of this study were to analysis the clinical characteristics of women with heterotopic pregnancy (HP) following embryo transfer (ET) and explore the early predictors for pregnancy outcomes.Methods This retrospective study reviewed patients with HP following assisted reproductive technology (ART) in our institution between January 2013 and December 2020. The relationships between pregnancy outcomes and general features, ultrasonic characteristics and different treatment modality were analyzed by logistic regression analysis.Results Fourty patients were identified, including 27 with tubal HP, 7 interstitial HP and 6 cornual HP. The most frequent manifestations before diagnosis was vaginal bleeding (30.0%), while 7 patients (17.5%) had no symptoms before diagnosis. The mean gestational age at symptom onset was 44.8 ± 8.6 days (range 27–68). Gestational age at diagnosis was 49.4 ± 7.6 days (range 29–68). Among these cases, twenty-nine patients of HP were accurately diagnosed by transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS). Hence, the sensitivity of TVS for detecting HP was 72.5% (29/40). Eleven patients received expectant management, while 29 patients underwent laparotomy (13/29) or laparoscopy (16/29) surgery. Gestational age at surgery day was 51.0±8.6 days (range 33–67). Live births occurred for 18 patients in the surgery group, 3 of whom delivered preterm. Additionally, the miscarriage rate was lower for patients with IUP cardiac activity (16.7% vs. 90.0%) than patients without IUP cardiac activity at HP diagnosis (P < 0.001). Further by logistic regression analysis, an IUP with cardiac activity at HP diagnosis was identified as an independent factors of pregnancy outcome (P<0.001).Conclusions Symptoms combined with routine TVS scans could reduce misdiagnosis and facilitate the diagnosis of HP. An IUP with cardiac activity at HP diagnosis as predictors for a favorable prognosis of HP. Prompt surgical intervention after diagnosis may minimize the incidence of abortion of IUP.
Thermal Stability and Crystallization Behavior of Contaminated Recycled Polypropylene for Food Contact
Authors: Veroneze Isabelly , Letícia Akemi , Cruz Sandra Andrea 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Polypropylene is one of the most widely used polymers, especially in the food packaging industry, which causes negative environmental effects. Recycling is a good option to partially solve this environmental problem. Thus, the polymer was contaminated with a cocktail to simulate the conditions of disposal and recycling following FDA guidelines. The influence of contaminants on recycled PP was analyzed by quiescent and nonquiescent crystallization. It was found that the contaminants alter the crystallization flow since longer induction times were observed for all contaminated samples. Also, the thermal behavior was performed considering that the thermogravimetric (TGA) results indicated an increase in the stability with the presence of contaminants. Therefore, a deep investigation using the induced oxidation time (OIT) and induced oxidation temperature (OITD) was performed. The contaminants play an important role in the crystallization process, as well as, in the degradation of the samples. Furthermore, the use of TGA and DSC as complementary techniques is fundamental to analyze this influence.
Development and Pilot Implementation of a Patient Oriented Discharge Summary for Critically Ill Patients (PODS-ICU)
Authors: Shahid Anmol , Sept Bonnie G. , Kupsch Shelly , Brundin-Mather Rebecca , Piskulic Danijela , Soo Andrea , Grant Chris , Leigh Jeanna Parsons , Fiest Kirsten M. , Stelfox Henry T. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background - Patients leaving the intensive care unit (ICU) often experience gaps in care due to deficiencies in discharge communication. This study aimed to develop an ICU specific patient-oriented discharge summary tool (PODS-ICU) and pilot test the tool for acceptability and feasibility.Methods - Patient-partners, ICU clinicians, and researchers met to discuss ICU patients’ specific informational needs and design the PODS-ICU through several cycles of iterative revisions. Research team nurses piloted the PODS-ICU with patient and family-caregiver participants in two ICUs in Calgary, Canada. Follow-up surveys on the PODS-ICU and its impact on discharge were administered to participants and ICU nurses.Results – Fifteen patient and family-caregiver participants were administered the PODS-ICU. Most participants felt that their discharge from the ICU was good or better (n=13), and some (n=9) participants reported a good understanding of why the patient was in ICU. Most participants (n=12) reported that they understood ICU events and impacts on the patient’s health. ICU nurses reported that the PODS-ICU was “not reasonable” in their daily clinical workflow due to “time constraint”. Conclusions - PODS-ICU improves patients and family-caregivers’ understanding of ICU events and health-implications but requires better integration with existing care processes to be feasible. Patient or Public Contribution – This work involved patient partners (i.e., individuals with lived experience as patients or family-caregivers) in tool development, study design, participant recruitment, and manuscript preparation.
Gardnerella Vaginalis in Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection is Associated with Dysbiosis of the Bladder Microbiome
Authors: Yoo Jeong-Ju , Song Ju Sun , Kim Woong Bin , Yun Jina , Shin Hee Bong , Jang Mi-Ae , Ryu Chang Beom , Kim Sung Shin , Chung Jun Chul , Kuk Jung Cheol , Shin Eung Jin , Song Ho-Yeon , Yu Byung Chul , Lee Eek-Sung , Ryu Seong Ho , Kim Jae Heon , Kim Young Ho 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Recent studies on the urine microbiome have highlighted the importance of the gut-vagina-bladder axis in recurrent cystitis (RC). In particular, the role of Gardnerella as a covert pathogen that activates E. coli in animal experiments has been reported. Herein, we conducted a human bladder microbiome study to investigate the effect of Gardnerella on RC. Methods: Urine 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing via transurethral catheterization was conducted in the normal control group (NC) (n=18) and RC group (n=78). Results: The positive detection rate of Gardnerella species did not differ between the NC and RC groups (22.2% vs. 18.0%, p = 0.677). In addition, the Gardnerella-positive NC and Gardnerella-positive RC groups showed similar levels of microbiome diversity. The Gardnerella-positive group was categorized into three subgroups: Escherichia-dominant group, Gardnerella-dominant group, and Lactobacillus-dominant group, respectively. All of the Escherichia-dominant groups were associated with RC. Gardnerella-dominant or Lactobacillus-dominant groups expressed RC with symptoms when risk factors such as degree of Gardnerella proliferation or causative agents of bacterial vaginosis were present.Conclusion: Gardnerella can act as a covert pathogen of RC depending on other risk factors, and Gardnerella infection should be considered in patients with RC. New guideline recommendations regarding antibiotics selection based on a novel method to detect the cause of RC may be required to reduce antibiotics resistance.
The Impact of Package Design On Fermented Milk Waste
Authors: Barbosa Ritielle , Porto Bruna Castro 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
One of the main goals of food packaging is the food waste reduction. However, some package designs may contradict this premise. This present work aimed to evaluate the effect of package design on fermented milk waste. Twenty-six packages of fermented milk of eight different designs were weighted to obtain the following masses: i) mass of the liquid removed from the package through a consumption simulation; ii) mass of the package without food and before the washing and drying processes; and, iii) mass of the cleaned and dried package. The main package factor in the fermented milk waste was the shape of the bottleneck. The packages that provided greater removal of the liquid content did not offer resistance to the food flow in the bottleneck. Other aspects that contributed to the food waste were straight angles and curves of the package. Thus, the package design impacts in the fermented milk waste.
Moving from Basic to More Advanced: Is there an Increase Over Time in the Complexity of Teacher Questions and Student Responses in Case Based Clinical Seminars?
Authors: Gartmeier Martin , Hapfelmeier Alexander , Grünewald Marc , Häusler Janina , Pfurtscheller Theresa , Seidel Tina , Berberat Pascal 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Introduction:

Case-based group discussions (CBGD) are a specific, interaction-focused form of case based medical education dedicated to foster medical students’ skills of applying basic biomedical knowledge to patient cases. In such seminars, teacher question-student response patters are a crucial aspect. We empirically investigate to which degree clinical teachers progress from more basic, knowledge-oriented towards more advanced, elaboration-oriented questions in CBGD-seminars.
Methods

We video recorded 32 case-based seminars in the areas of surgery and internal medicine. 21 different clinical teachers had taught and 398 medical students had attended these seminars. We coded closed-reproductive and open-elaborative teacher questions as well as reproductive and elaborative student responses to these questions. Interrater reliability was satisfactory. For determining trends regarding the teacher questions / student responses, we compared eight equally long time-segments per seminar.
Results

Overall, clinical teachers posed more closed-reproductive than open-elaborative questions to students and the latter gave more reproductive than elaborative responses. Regarding the frequencies of these forms of teacher questions / student responses, we found no significant differences over time.
Discussion

We found that clinical teachers did not deliberately modify the types of questions they posed over time to push their students towards more elaborative responses. Generally, this raises the critical question to which degree promising didactic concepts are actually put into clinical teaching practice. In our sample, we observed substantial heterogeneity regarding the variables in focus of our study. We conclude that medical education researchers should more thoroughly take different starting conditions and teaching approaches of different teachers into account.
Selecting Drought-Tolerance Markers: An Exploratory Analysis in Contrasting Soybeans
Authors: Toum Laila , Pérez-Borroto Lucía Sandra , Peña-Malavera Andrea Natalia , Luque Catalina , Welin Bjorn , Berenstein Ariel , Porto Darío Fernandez Do , Vojnov Adrian , Castagnaro Atilio Pedro , Pardo Esteban Mariano 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Identifying high-yield genotypes under low water availability is an important goal for soybean breeding. However, a major bottleneck lies in phenotyping, particularly in selecting cost-efficient markers associated with stress tolerance and yield stabilization. Here, we conducted in-depth phenotyping experiments using two soybean genotypes with contrasting drought tolerance, MUNASQA (tolerant) and TJ2049 (susceptible), aiming to identify and statistically validate stress tolerance and yield stabilization markers. Firstly, at the R5 critical reproductive stage, the molecular differences between the genotypes responses to mild water deficit were explored through massive analysis of cDNA ends (MACE)-transcriptomic and gene ontology. MUNASQA transcriptional profile, compared to TJ2049, revealed significant differences when responding to drought. Next, both genotypes were phenotyped under mild water deficit, imposed in vegetative (V3) and R5 stages, by evaluating 22 stress-response, growth and water-use markers, which were subsequently correlated between phenological stages and with yield. Several markers showed high consistency, independent of the phenological stage, demonstrating the effectiveness of the phenotyping methodology and its possible use for early selection. Finally, these markers were classified and selected according to their cost-feasibility, statistical weight and correlation with yield. Here, pubescence, stomatal density and canopy temperature depression emerged as promising markers for early selection of drought-tolerant soybeans.