bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study on Plume Dispersion Characteristics of Two Discrete Plume Stacks for Negative Temperature Gradient Conditions
Authors: Sivanandan Hrishikesh , Kishore V. Ratna , Goel Mukesh , Asthana Abhishek 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe dispersion of air pollutants emitted from industries has been studied ever since the dawn of industrialisation. The present work focuses on investigating the effect of negative atmospheric temperature gradient and the plume stack orientation of two individual equal-height stacks on the vertical rise and dispersion of the plume. The study carried out upon three-stack layout configurations namely inline, 45° and non-inline, separated by an inter-stack distance of 12 times the exit chimney diameter (12 D) and 22 times the exit chimney diameter (22 D) in each case over the two temperature gradients of −0.2 K/100 m and −0.5 K/100 m. The turbulence is modelled using realisable k-ε model, a model used in the FLUENT flow solver. In the case of the inline configuration, the upwind plume shields its downwind counterpart, which in turn allows for higher plume rise at a given temperature gradient. The plume oscillates more in the case of inline than 45° and non-inline cases. Also, for a temperature gradient of −0.5 K/100 m, the plumes oscillate violently in the vertical direction, mainly because, with the initial rise of the plume, cold air from higher altitudes moves down and forms a layer of lower temperature closer to the ground. The present study is important to highlight the plume dispersion characteristics under negative temperature gradient conditions.
The Sexual Politics of Anti-Trafficking Discourse
Authors: Kotiswaran Prabha 
Published: February 2021

Abstract20 years since the negotiation of the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in 2000, the anti-trafficking field has gone from an early, almost exclusive preoccupation with sex work to addressing extreme exploitation in a range of labour sectors. While this might suggest a reduced focus on the nature of the work performed and a greater focus on the conditions under which it is performed, in reality, anti-trafficking discourse remains in the grip of polarised positions on sex work even as the carceral effects of anti-trafficking law become evident and the Swedish model of criminalising the purchase of sexual services spreads. In this article, I demonstrate how despite the recent discursive shifts to ‘modern slavery’ and ‘forced labour’, the anti-trafficking transnational legal order itself reinforces, rather than diffuses cultures of sex work exceptionalism. The growing international sex workers’ movement has offered resistance, yet a closer look at the movement and the widespread support that it has garnered for decriminalisation from international organisations, while valuable, helps reveal the greatest cost yet of anti-trafficking discourse, namely, the inability of the sex workers’ movement to produce a sophisticated theory of regulation to reduce levels of exploitation within sex work, one which is commensurate with the informality and heterogeneity of sex markets the world over. Finally, to the extent that neoabolitionist projects derive legitimacy from interventions abroad, especially in the global South, I chronicle the edifice on which it rests in one such context, namely India, to demonstrate how countries in the global South are not merely conduits for the global North’s preoccupation with moral gentrification through neo-abolitionism, but rather, that the circuits of global governmentality while influential, are highly contingent, thus producing opportunities for creative forms of mobilisation by sex workers.
Systematic Literature Review of E-Learning Capabilities to Enhance Organizational Learning
Authors: Giannakos Michail N. , Mikalef Patrick , Pappas Ilias O. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractE-learning systems are receiving ever increasing attention in academia, business and public administration. Major crises, like the pandemic, highlight the tremendous importance of the appropriate development of e-learning systems and its adoption and processes in organizations. Managers and employees who need efficient forms of training and learning flow within organizations do not have to gather in one place at the same time or to travel far away to attend courses. Contemporary affordances of e-learning systems allow users to perform different jobs or tasks for training courses according to their own scheduling, as well as to collaborate and share knowledge and experiences that result in rich learning flows within organizations. The purpose of this article is to provide a systematic review of empirical studies at the intersection of e-learning and organizational learning in order to summarize the current findings and guide future research. Forty-seven peer-reviewed articles were collected from a systematic literature search and analyzed based on a categorization of their main elements. This survey identifies five major directions of the research on the confluence of e-learning and organizational learning during the last decade. Future research should leverage big data produced from the platforms and investigate how the incorporation of advanced learning technologies (e.g., learning analytics, personalized learning) can help increase organizational value.
Crowded Environment Navigation with NEAT: Impact of Perception Resolution on Controller Optimization
Authors: Seriani Stefano , Marcini Luca , Caruso Matteo , Gallina Paolo , Medvet Eric 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCrowd navigation with autonomous systems is a topic which has seen a rapid increase in interest recently. While it appears natural to humans, being able to reach a target can prove difficult or impossible to a mobile robot because of the safety issues related to collisions with people. In this work we propose an approach to control a robot in a crowded environment; the method employs an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) that is trained with the NeuroEvolution of Augmented Topologies (NEAT) method. Models for the kinematics, perception, and cognition of the robot are presented. In particular, perception is based on a raycasting model which is tailored on the ANN. An in-depth analysis of a number of parameters of the environment and the robot is performed and a comparative analysis is presented; finally, results of the performance of the controller trained with NEAT are compared to those of a human driver who takes over the controller itself. Results show that the intelligent controller is able to perform on par with the human, within the simulated environment.
Nickel and sulfur codoped TiO2 nanoparticles for efficient visible light photocatalytic activity
Authors: Kunnamareddy Mehala , Rajendran Ranjith , Sivagnanam Megala , Rajendran Ramesh , Diravidamani Barathi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this work, Nickel (Ni) and sulfur (S) codoped TiO2nanoparticles were prepared by a sol-gel technique. The as-prepared catalyst was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), FT-Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) for investigating crystal structure, crystal phase, particle size and bandgap energy of these samples. The photocatalytic performances of all the prepared catalysts have been investigated for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible light irradiation. It was noticed that Ni-S codoped TiO2(Ni-S/TiO2) nanoparticles exhibited much higher photocatalytic activity compared with pure, Ni and S doped TiO2due to higher visible light absorption and probable decrease in the recombination of photo-generated charges. It was decided that the great visible light absorption was created for codoped TiO2by the formation of impurity energy states near both the edges of the collection, which works as trapping sites for both the photogenerated charges to decrease the recombination process.
Critical ethnography of language policy in the global south: insights from research in Timor-Leste
Authors: Cabral Estêvão , Martin-Jones Marilyn 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis special issue focuses on language policy processes at work, in different sectors of education, in one small multilingual nation situated on the global periphery: the nation of Timor-Leste, in South East Asia. The four articles in this special issue draw on research of a broadly critical and ethnographic nature. To set these articles within a wider research context, the first section of this Introduction charts the development of critical approaches to the study of language policy and planning (LPP). The second section then delineates two main strands of ethnographic research related to LPP processes and points to some of the ways in which the scope of critical, ethnographic research has been widened in recent years. In the third section, we introduce the four articles, highlighting the distinctive nature of the ethnographic research presented in each one. In the fourth section, we show how the articles illustrate the need to combine ethnography with a critical, historical perspective, and with close attention to contemporary global processes, such as the commodification of particular languages. In the final section, we offer reflections on the possibilities for contributing to change in language policy and practice, in Timor-Leste and elsewhere, through researcher-practitioner collaboration of a critical, ethnographic nature.
Filling cavities in point clouds representing human body surface using Bezier patches
Authors: Nowak Marta , Michoński Jakub , Sitnik Robert 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this paper we introduce a cavity reconstructing algorithm for 3D surface scans (CRASS) developed for filling cavities in point clouds representing human body surfaces. The presented method uses Bezier patches to reconstruct missing data. The source of input data for the algorithm was an 8-directional structured light scanning system for the human body. Typical 3D scan representing human body consists of about 1 million points with average sampling density of 1 mm. The paper describes the complete scan processing pipeline: data pre-processing, boundary selection, cavity extraction and reconstruction, and a post-processing step to smooth and resample resulting geometry. The developed algorithm was tested on simulated and scanned 3D input data. Quality assessment was made based on simulated cavities, reconstructed using presented method and compared to original 3D geometry. Additionally, comparison to the state-of-the-art screened Poisson method is presented. Values’ ranges of parameters influencing result of described method were estimated for sample scans and comprehensively discussed. The results of the quantitative assessment of the reconstruction were lower than 0,5 of average sampling density.
Estimation of soil classes and their relationship to grapevine vigor in a Bordeaux vineyard: advancing the practical joint use of electromagnetic induction (EMI) and NDVI datasets for precision viticulture
Authors: Hubbard Susan S. , Schmutz Myriam , Balde Abdoulaye , Falco Nicola , Peruzzo Luca , Dafflon Baptiste , Léger Emmanuel , Wu Yuxin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWorking within a vineyard in the Pessac Léognan Appellation of Bordeaux, France, this study documents the potential of using simple statistical methods with spatially-resolved and increasingly available electromagnetic induction (EMI) geophysical and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) datasets to accurately estimate Bordeaux vineyard soil classes and to quantitatively explore the relationship between vineyard soil types and grapevine vigor. First, co-located electrical tomographic tomography (ERT) and EMI datasets were compared to gain confidence about how the EMI method averaged soil properties over the grapevine rooting depth. Then, EMI data were used with core soil texture and soil-pit based interpretations of Bordeaux soil types (Brunisol, Redoxisol, Colluviosol and Calcosol) to estimate the spatial distribution of geophysically-identified Bordeaux soil classes. A strong relationship (r = 0.75, p < 0.01) was revealed between the geophysically-identified Bordeaux soil classes and NDVI (both 2 m resolution), showing that the highest grapevine vigor was associated with the Bordeaux soil classes having the largest clay fraction. The results suggest that within-block variability of grapevine vigor was largely controlled by variability in soil classes, and that carefully collected EMI and NDVI datasets can be exceedingly helpful for providing quantitative estimates of vineyard soil and vigor variability, as well as their covariation. The method is expected to be transferable to other viticultural regions, providing an approach to use easy-to-acquire, high resolution datasets to guide viticultural practices, including routine management and replanting.
The green roofs for reduction in the load on rainwater drainage in highly urbanised areas
Authors: Kolasa-Więcek Alicja , Suszanowicz Dariusz 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRapid weather phenomena, particularly sudden and intense rainfall, have become a problem in urban areas in recent years. During heavy rainfall, urban rainwater drainage systems are unable to discharge huge amounts of runoff into collecting reservoirs, which usually results in local flooding. This paper presents attempts to forecast a reduction in the load on the rainwater drainage system through the implementation of green roofs in a case study covering two selected districts of Opole (Poland)—the Old Town and the City Centre. Model tests of extensive and intensive roofs were carried out, in order to determine the reduction of rainwater runoff from the roof surface for the site under study. The potential of the roofs of the buildings to make a green roof was also determined using geographical information systems (GIS), for a case study of two central districts of Opole. It proposed a methodology to determine the rainwater drainage system load reduction by making green roofs. The analyses carried out lead to the conclusion that, in the districts selected for the study, the execution of green roofs on 25% of the of buildings with the potential to implement this type of roof solution could reduce the load on the rain water system by a degree that protects the city area from local flooding.
Equivalence classes of circular codes induced by permutation groups
Authors: Fayazi Fariba , Fimmel Elena , Strüngmann Lutz 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the 1950s, Crick proposed the concept of so-called comma-free codes as an answer to the frame-shift problem that biologists have encountered when studying the process of translating a sequence of nucleotide bases into a protein. A little later it turned out that this proposal unfortunately does not correspond to biological reality. However, in the mid-90s, a weaker version of comma-free codes, so-called circular codes, was discovered in nature in J Theor Biol 182:45–58, 1996. Circular codes allow to retrieve the reading frame during the translational process in the ribosome and surprisingly the circular code discovered in nature is even circular in all three possible reading-frames ($$C^3$$

C
3

-property). Moreover, it is maximal in the sense that it contains 20 codons and is self-complementary which means that it consists of pairs of codons and corresponding anticodons. In further investigations, it was found that there are exactly 216 codes that have the same strong properties as the originally found code from J Theor Biol 182:45–58. Using an algebraic approach, it was shown in J Math Biol, 2004 that the class of 216 maximal self-complementary $$C^3$$

C
3

-codes can be partitioned into 27 equally sized equivalence classes by the action of a transformation group $$L \subseteq S_4$$

L
⊆

S
4

which is isomorphic to the dihedral group. Here, we extend the above findings to circular codes over a finite alphabet of even cardinality $$|\Sigma |=2n$$

|
Σ
|
=
2
n

for $$n \in {\mathbb {N}}$$

n
∈
N

. We describe the corresponding group $$L_n$$

L
n

using matrices and we investigate what classes of circular codes are split into equally sized equivalence classes under the natural equivalence relation induced by $$L_n$$

L
n

. Surprisingly, this is not always the case. All results and constructions are illustrated by examples.
Two Sides of the Same Coin: EU Financial Regulation and Private Law
Authors: Cherednychenko Olha O. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractToday, legislators, courts, financial regulators and other actors at the EU and national level face major new challenges in safeguarding public and private interests in an increasingly digital and sustainability-minded environment surrounding financial markets. Innovative ways of addressing tensions between the common good and the individual preferences of market actors are needed to address these challenges. However, at present, the efforts to develop workable solutions are seriously hampered by the gap between the two areas of law that profoundly shape the financial markets—financial regulation and private law—in the current European policy discourse and legal scholarship. This article is an attempt to systematically rethink the role of private law in the regulatory and enforcement landscape for financial markets and its relationship with public regulation more generally. It argues that financial regulation and private law are not two parallel universes, but rather two sides of the same coin, each of which has a critical role to play in safeguarding public and private interests. Examining EU financial regulation through the ‘private law’ lens would enable us to unveil a complex interplay between the regulatory dimension, contractual settings and private law remedies that we need to better understand in order to be able to better regulate financial markets. Conversely, examining national private law through the European ‘regulatory’ lens would allow us to unpack the potential of traditional private law to contribute to the objectives of EU financial regulation, while at the same time realising justice between private parties.
Animal daily mobility patterns analysis using resting event networks
Authors: Lenormand Maxime , Pella Hervé , Capra Hervé 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCharacterizing the movement patterns of animals is crucial to improve our understanding of their behavior and thus develop adequate conservation strategies. Such investigations, which could not have been implemented in practice only a few years ago, have been facilitated through the recent advances in tracking methods that enable researchers to study animal movement at an unprecedented spatio-temporal resolution. However, the identification and extraction of patterns from spatio-temporal trajectories is still a general problem that has relevance for many applications. Here, we rely on the concept of resting event networks to identify the presence of daily mobility patterns in animal spatio-temporal trajectories. We illustrate our approach by analyzing spatio-temporal trajectories of several fish species in a large hydropeaking river.
Mental Imagery in the Science and Practice of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy: Past, Present, and Future Perspectives
Authors: Blackwell Simon E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMental imagery has a long history in the science and practice of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT), stemming from both behavioural and cognitive traditions. The past decade or so has seen a marked increase in both scientific and clinical interest in mental imagery, from basic questions about the processes underpinning mental imagery and its roles in everyday healthy functioning, to clinical questions about how dysfunctions in mental imagery can cause distress and impairment, and how mental imagery can be used within CBT to effect therapeutic change. This article reflects on the current state of mental imagery in the science and practice of CBT, in the context of past developments and with a view to future challenges and opportunities. An ongoing interplay between the various strands of imagery research and the many clinical innovations in this area is recommended in order to realise the full therapeutic potential of mental imagery in CBT.
Trajectory correction for lunar flyby transfers to libration point orbits using continuous thrust
Authors: Qi Yi , de Ruiter Anton 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTrajectory corrections for lunar flyby transfers to Sun–Earth/Moon libration point orbits (LPOs) with continuous thrusts are investigated using an ephemeris model. The lunar flyby transfer has special geometrical and dynamical structures; therefore, its trajectory correction strategy is considerably different from that of previous studies and should be specifically designed. In this paper, we first propose a control strategy based on the backstepping technique with a dead-band scheme using an ephemeris model. The initial error caused by the launch time error is considered. Since the perturbed transfers significantly diverge from the reference transfers after the spacecraft passes by the Moon, we adopt two sets of control parameters in two portions before and after the lunar flyby, respectively. Subsequently, practical constraints owing to the navigation and propellant systems are introduced in the dynamical model of the trajectory correction. Using a prograde type 2 orbit as an example, numerical simulations show that our control strategy can efficiently address trajectory corrections for lunar flyby transfers with different practical constraints. In addition, we analyze the effects of the navigation intervals and dead-band scheme on trajectory corrections. Finally, trajectory corrections for different lunar flyby transfers are depicted and compared.
Elastomeric door seal analysis under aircraft cabin pressure
Authors: Franke Goularte B. , Zatko V. , Lion A. , Johlitz M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSimple strategies are used to physically represent the cabin pressure acting on elastomeric seals for aircraft door applications. The relationships between rubber response, contact problem and air pressure are assumed as the initial step to understand the risks of air leakage during the early stages of a flight cycle. Through the finite element method, the non-linear boundary problem is investigated with the distinct contact response from two types of door interfaces. The options available within the ABAQUS commercial software are explored to model the seal as nearly incompressible, whereby the limitations are compared for each solution. In a qualitative approach, the simulations use the contact pressure distributions to define the pressure load for air leakage investigations on the door corners.
The Little-Bang and the femto-nova in nucleus-nucleus collisions
Authors: Xu Nu , Fukushima Kenji , Mohanty Bedangadas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe make a theoretical and experimental summary of the state-of-the-art status of hot and dense QCD matter studies on selected topics. We review the Beam Energy Scan program for the QCD phase diagram and present the current status of the search for the QCD critical point, particle production in high baryon density region, hypernuclei production, and global polarization effects in nucleus-nucleus collisions. The available experimental data in the strangeness sector suggests that a grand canonical approach in the thermal model at high collision energy makes a transition to the canonical ensemble behavior at low energy. We further discuss future prospects of nuclear collisions to probe properties of baryon-rich matter. Creation of a quark-gluon plasma at high temperature and low baryon density has been called the “Little-Bang” and, analogously, a femtometer-scale explosion of baryon-rich matter at lower collision energy could be called the “femto-nova”, which could possibly sustain substantial vorticity and a magnetic field for non-head-on collisions.