bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemiluminescence of Carbon‐based Quantum Dots: Synthesis, Mechanism and Application in Heavy Metal Ions Detection
Authors: Li Libo , Zhao Wanlin , Luo Lijun , Liu Xiaohong , Bi Xiaoya , Li Jiamin , Jiang Panao , You Tianyan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn recent years, carbon‐based quantum dots as luminophores and co‐reactants have aroused broad interest for their ability to function in electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensors due to their unique features, including excellent biocompatibility, low toxicity, and water solubility. In this mini review, the synthesis methods of carbon‐based quantum dots are firstly introduced. Then, the mechanism of carbon‐based quantum dots as luminophores and co‐reactants and their latest progress application in the detection of heavy metal ions are explored. Finally, the current challenges and potential future development directions of carbon‐based quantum dots in ECL sensing filed for heavy metal ions analysis are summarized.
Novel engineering of ruthenium‐based electrocatalysts for acidic water oxidation: A mini review
Authors: Zhou Feng , Zhang Lijie , Li Juan , Wang Qi , Chen Yurou , Chen Hailun , Lu Guolong , Chen Guang , Jin Huile , Wang Shun , Wang Jichang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is pivotally involved in proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs). However, the commercialized iridium‐based catalysts often suffer from severe sluggish kinetics, eventually deteriorating the polarization and overall PEMWEs performance. Therefore, to develop OER electrocatalysts with promising reaction kinetics and high stability is of great significance for PEMWEs. Compared to iridium, the ruthenium‐based catalysts possess lower price and higher activity in acidic water oxidation, which promises Ru‐based materials to replace the state‐of‐the‐art IrOx. Yet, the less stable ruthenium than iridium impedes its real applications. In this mini review, recent knowledge of feasible engineering strategies for migrating the Ru‐based electrocatalysts' stability is summarized. In order to improve performance and durability, basic fundamentals of acidic OER on nanoscale and molecular engineered Ru‐based electrocatalysts are briefly introduced. In the end, the challenges and outlook for engineering novel Ru‐based electrocatalysts are presented.
Thermal and electrical performance analysis of induction heating based‐thermochemical reactor for heat storage integration into power systems
Authors: Bio Gassi Karim , Guene Lougou Bachirou , Baysal Mustafa , Ahouannou Clément 
Published: June 2021

SummaryIn this study, the thermal and electrical performance analysis of an induction heating based‐thermochemical reactor is investigated for high‐temperature heat storage. The induction‐heating model is built with Maxwell equations, and the surface‐to‐surface (S2S) radiation model is used for the induced and diffused thermal energy flow transport in the fluid phase within the reactor inner cavity. The effects of operating and structural parameters in terms of the coil turn number, coil current intensity and frequency, the conductive plate, and the coil's relative permeability, electrical conductivity, and emissivity could affect the heat generation, input power demand, and energy consumption of the proposed reactor performance are sufficiently investigated. It is found that the reactor temperature distribution resulted from the homogenized multi‐turn coil magnetomotive force and frequency with the current intensity 48% more effective in reaching the desired temperature at the heat storage medium. However, the conductive plate relative permeability, electrical conductivity, and surface emissivity significantly affect the induction heating system's thermal power, with the relative permeability having the highest impact of 13% in the storage medium's temperature increasing at low current intensity. Moreover, the surface emissivity shows remarkable effects when the inducting heating operates at a high current. Significant energy consumption, more than 159%, is observed when the induction heating generator operates at steady‐state mode. The reactor heating region temperature increases when the reactor operating current and frequency get high. It is observed that the more the induced heat was applied to the reactor, the more the reactor is heating up to a steady‐state. The instantaneous temperature distribution inside the reactor depicted the rise in the temperature is caused by convection and radiation heat transfer. Higher and more uniform temperature distribution inside the reactor is obtained by optimizing the reactor operating and structural parameters.
Risk of epithelial ovarian cancer Type I and II after hysterectomy, salpingectomy and tubal ligation—A nationwide case‐control study
Authors: Darelius Anna , Kristjansdottir Björg , Dahm‐Kähler Pernilla , Strandell Annika 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe proposed different origins and pathways to of the dualistic model of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) may affect and alter the potential risk reduction related to hysterectomy, salpingectomy and tubal ligation. The aim of our study was to analyze associations between hysterectomy, salpingectomy or tubal ligation and risk reduction of EOC Type I and II. In this nationwide register‐based case‐control study, women diagnosed with EOC, Fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer between 2008 and 2014 were included. Cases were classified into Type I and II according to histology and predefined criteria. The exposure variables: hysterectomy, salpingectomy and tubal ligation were identified from national registries. Conditional logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate associations between Type I and II EOC and the exposure variables. Among 4669 registered cases, 4040 were eligible and assessed for subtyping resulting in 1033 Type I and 3007 Type II. Ten controls were randomly assigned to each case from the register of population. In regression analyses, women with previous salpingectomy had a significantly lower risk of EOC Type II (odds ratio [OR] 0.62; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 0.45‐0.85) but not Type I (OR 1.16; 95%CI 0.75‐1.78). Hysterectomy was associated with a reduced risk of both EOC Type I (OR 0.71; 95%CI 0.52‐0.99) and Type II (OR 0.81; 95%CI 0.68‐0.96). Similar estimates were obtained for tubal ligation, although without statistical significance. The association between salpingectomy and reduced risk of EOC Type II supports the proposed theory of high‐grade serous cancer originating from the tubal fimbriae.
The role of information and communications technology in refugee entrepreneurship: A critical realist case study
Authors: Brown Suzana , Saxena Deepak , Wall P. J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIt is widely claimed that information and communications technology (ICT) enables entrepreneurship among refugees. However, the specific impact ICT has on refugee entrepreneurship is not fully understood. This study addresses the research gap by investigating the role ICT plays in enabling entrepreneurial activities among refugees in the Dzaleka refugee camp in Malawi. Drawing on 25 structured interviews we explore the opportunities and challenges faced by refugee entrepreneurs in this context. A critical realist approach is leveraged to identify the stages of business growth where ICT is an important driver and uncover other mechanisms that both enable and/or constrain entrepreneurship. Analysis suggests four generative mechanisms that either enable or constrain refugee business entrepreneurship. The most important finding is that the survival of refugee businesses is facilitated by the market mechanism, with only the growth stage significantly influenced by ICT. Our findings directly conflict with the existing literature that suggests ICT is essential for fostering business entrepreneurship among refugees. This work offers a unique framework for policy interventions that provides guidance on the circumstances, the type of technology and the way it should be leveraged in order to facilitate entrepreneurship.
Salvage neck dissection for isolated neck recurrences in head and neck tumors: Intra and postoperative complications
Authors: Molteni Gabriele , Comini Lara , Le Pera Beatrice , Bassani Sara , Ghirelli Michael , Martone Andrea , Mattioli Francesco , Nocini Riccardo , Santoro Roberto , Spinelli Giuseppe , Presutti Livio , Marchioni Daniele , Mannelli Giuditta 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe current evidence regarding complications after salvage neck dissection (ND) for isolated regional recurrences (IRRs) in head and neck cancers is poor. The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence and differences in complication rates of salvage ND after primary surgery, radiotherapy, chemoradiotherapy, or combined treatments.MethodsThis was a multicentric retrospective study on 64 patients who underwent salvage ND for IRR in three Italian institutes between 2008 and May 2020.ResultsComplications were detected in 7 of the 34 patients (20.8%) and surgeons described difficult dissection in 20 patients (58.82%). Accidental vascular ligations or nervous injury during surgery were never detected. None of the variables analyzed were statistically significant in predicting the risk of complications, disease‐free survival, or overall survival.ConclusionsIRR represents a rare entity among total relapses. The incidence of complications after salvage ND for IRR is higher than after primary surgery but at an acceptable rate in experienced hands. However, an adequate balance between functional and oncological outcomes is mandatory.
Tracheal Macrophages During Regeneration and Repair of Long‐Segment Airway Defects
Authors: Tan Zheng Hong , Dharmadhikari Sayali , Liu Lumei , Wolter Gabrielle , Shontz Kimberly M. , Reynolds Susan D. , Johnson Jed , Breuer Christopher K. , Chiang Tendy 
Published: June 2021

Objectives/HypothesisTissue‐engineered tracheal grafts (TETGs) offer a potential solution for repair of long‐segment airway defects. However, preclinical and clinical TETGs have been associated with chronic inflammation and macrophage infiltration. Macrophages express great phenotypic heterogeneity (generally characterized as classically activated [M1] vs. alternatively activated [M2]) and can influence tracheal repair and regeneration. We quantified and characterized infiltrating host macrophages using mouse microsurgical tracheal replacement models.Study DesignTranslational research, animal model.MethodsWe assessed macrophage infiltration and phenotype in animals implanted with syngeneic tracheal grafts, synthetic TETGs, or partially decellularized tracheal scaffolds (DTSs).ResultsMacrophage infiltration was observed following tracheal replacement with syngeneic trachea. Both M1 and M2 macrophages were present in native trachea and increased during early tracheal repair (P = .014), with an M1/M2 ratio of 0.48 ± 0.15. In contrast, orthotopic implantation of synthetic TETGs resulted in a shift to M1 predominant macrophage phenotype with an increased M1/M2 ratio of 1.35 ± 0.41 by 6 weeks following implant (P = .035). Modulation of the synthetic scaffold with the addition of polyglycolic acid (PGA) resulted in a reduction of M1/M2 ratio due to an increase in M2 macrophages (P = .006). Using systemic macrophage depletion, the M1/M2 ratio reverted to native values in synthetic TETG recipients and was associated with an increase in graft epithelialization. Macrophage ratios seen in DTSs were similar to native values.ConclusionsM1 and M2 macrophages are present during tracheal repair. Poor epithelialization with synthetic TETG is associated with an elevation of the M1/M2 ratio. Macrophage phenotype can be altered with scaffold composition and host‐directed systemic therapies. DTSs exhibit M1/M2 ratios similar to those seen in native trachea and syngeneic tracheal replacement.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 132:737–746, 2022
Synthesis and characterization of bacterial cellulose/graphene oxide nano‐biocomposites
Authors: Rashidian Elmira , Babaeipour Valiollah , Chegeni Asma , Khodamoradi Niloofar , Omidi Meisam 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBacterial cellulose/graphene oxide (BC/GO) nano‐biocomposites constructed using two methods of in situ and immersion. Scanning electron microscopy showed that a lower amount of GO formed a stronger composite with smaller pores. The in situ method formed a nanostructured composite with an ultrafine particle size distribution. X‐ray diffraction peaks indicated that GO embedded in BC network uniformly. The Young's modulus of the fabricated composites for both methods increased compared to pure BC. DSC analysis showed that the prepared samples were endothermic and in the 350–370°C, the BC/GO sample experienced a 46.9% weight loss. The immersion method formed a composite with higher thermal stability.
A proteomic investigation of isogenic radiation resistant prostate cancer cell lines
Authors: Kurganovs Natalie , Wang Hanzhi , Huang Xiaoyong , Ignatchenko Vladimir , Macklin Andrew , Khan Shahbaz , Downes Michelle R. , Boutros Paul C. , Liu Stanley K. , Kislinger Thomas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo model the problem of radiation resistance in prostate cancer, cell lines mimicking a clinical course of conventionally fractionated or hypofractionated radiotherapy have been generated. Proteomic analysis of radiation resistant and radiosensitive DU145 prostate cancer cells detected 4410 proteins. Over 400 proteins were differentially expressed across both radiation resistant cell lines and pathway analysis revealed enrichment in epithelial to mesenchymal transition, glycolysis and hypoxia. From the radiation resistant protein candidates, the cell surface protein CD44 was identified in the glycolysis and epithelial to mesenchymal transition pathways and may serve as a potential therapeutic target.
Distilling the mechanism for the Madden–Julian Oscillation into a simple translating structure
Authors: Vallis Geoffrey K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article presents a minimal model of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO), isolating a robust mechanism that leads to the observed characteristic pattern and eastward propagation. A localized heat source at the Equator leads to a Gill‐like pattern in the geopotential, with moist air converging toward the heat source. Over a fairly wide range of parameters, the moisture convergence is found to be slightly to the east of the heat source, with moist air advected in from the east along the Kelvin lobe meeting slightly drier air advected meridionally around the Rossby lobes. The associated condensation then gives rise to a heat source that also is east of the original one, thus causing the pattern itself to propagate east with dryer regions both to the east and west of the region of precipitation. The speed of the propagation is limited by the ability of the moisture advection to move the condensational heat source; it thus scales with the fluid speed which is induced by the convective heat source, and so with the strength of the convective heating, and not with a gravity wave speed. The propagation speed also increases with the nominal offset between the centre of the pattern and the subsequent moistening and condensation. In the real world this distance, as well as the level and coherence of condensation, are determined not only by the location of moisture convergence but also by the complex physics of convection in the tropical environment. Thus, even though the underlying MJO mechanism is itself not complicated, its reproduction will depend rather sensitively on model parameters in simulations with comprehensive numerical models.
Effect of external electric field on the tautomeric equilibrium and structure of 2‐carbamido‐1,3‐indandione
Authors: Enchev Venelin , Markova Nadezhda 
Published: June 2021

Abstract2‐Carbamido‐1,3‐indandione (CAID) is a new reliable fluorescent biomarker and it exists in two tautomeric forms: 2‐(hydroxyl‐aminomethylidene)‐indan‐1,3‐dione (A) and 2‐carboamide‐1‐hydroxy‐3‐oxo‐indan (B). The structures of the tautomers and the transition state for intramolecular proton transfer are located at MP2/6‐31+G(d) level for each magnitude and for opposite directions of the applied electric field. According to our SCS‐MP2/6‐31+G(d) field‐free calculations tautomer A prevails (59.3%) while variation of the electric field strength along the direction from the indandione moiety to the carbamido fragment (+x‐direction) leads to stabilization of tautomer B. The two tautomeric forms become isoenergetic at 2.571 V/Å when the applied electric field is parallel to the direction from amino to the hydroxyl group (−y‐direction) in CAID, and at 3.085 V/Å tautomer B (51.9%) is slightly favored. Apparently, an external electric field has a strong influence on the tautomeric equilibrium in the CAID molecule.
Distributed observers design for a class of nonlinear systems to achieve omniscience asymptotically via differential geometry
Authors: Xu Haotian , Wang Jingcheng , Wang Hongyuan , Wang Bohui 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDistributed observers are the framework of fusing observed data by constructing a cooperative observer network. This article renders a scheme of distributed observers for a class of nonlinear system. With this scheme, each local nonlinear observer in the cooperative network can estimate the whole states of the underlying system by their own output measurements and information obtained from their neighbor via communication network. The proposed distributed observers are constructed with Partial Observable Canonical Form, which is a technology studied in differential geometry. The common observable subspace pruning and the weight matrix with spatial transformation are innovatively developed to solve the problem that each local observer is not in the same space. The sufficient conditions are proposed to guarantee the achievement of asymptotical omniscience of distributed nonlinear observers. Furthermore, our distributed observers can also be applied to linear systems and systems with some zero outputs. In addition, comparing with some existing methods of distributed nonlinear observers, our method admits some unbounded systems. Four simulations including multi‐Wen‐bridge oscillator systems, multi‐manipulators systems, unbounded nonlinear system and a linear system are employed to show the validity of the main result.
Nested adaptive integral terminal sliding mode control for high‐order uncertain nonlinear systems
Authors: Shao Ke 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTThis paper aims to develop a nested adaptive integral terminal sliding mode control scheme for high‐order uncertain nonlinear systems. To achieve this goal, a recursive‐structure integral terminal sliding mode (ITSM) is presented, which consists of a nonsingular terminal sliding mode and a fractional power integral terminal sliding mode. Based on the ITSM, the reaching phase is eliminated and simultaneously, the system is stabilized in finite time. Moreover, due to the full‐order sliding mode inherent in ITSM, the reaching control input is obtained in an integral form instead of a signum function. To remove the needs for the upper bounds of the disturbance or its derivatives, a nested dual‐layer adaptive law is introduced to update the level of the control gain according to the disturbance variations without overestimation. Stability analysis demonstrates that under the proposed control, the system state starts on the sliding surface and then converges to the origin in finite time in the presence of system uncertainties. The novelty of the proposed method lies in its finite‐time origin convergence without reaching phase, nonoverestimation, nonsingular and chattering‐free control signal, and those properties have not yet been achieved by any other existing methods. A simulation example is provided to illustrate the superiorities of the proposed control by comparison to conventional method.
Latent profiles of emotion regulation strategies associated with alexithymia, nonsuicidal self‐injury and resilience among nursing students
Authors: Mao Cui , Lin Mingjing , Shen Shiyu , Li Yuanyuan , Xie Zihui , Li Ping 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe present study sought to better understand the complex nature of emotion regulation in nursing students by exploring patterns of emotion regulation strategies (ERSs), and to examine the relationships between these unique profiles with alexithymia, nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) and resilience. A total of 1960 nursing students (Mage = 19.56, SD = 1.13 years) were recruited. Using latent profile analysis, nursing students were classified into four profiles based on their ERS use: high reaction profile (HRP; 11.53%), medium reaction profile (MRP; 55.46%), adaptive reaction profile (ARP; 22.86%) and low reaction profile (LRP; 10.15%). This study found that relative to HRP and MRP, ARP and LRP showed a lower incidence of NSSI and alexithymia; HRP and ARP showed a higher level of resilience than MRP and LRP. Furthermore, LRP had the lowest level of resilience. This study highlights the importance of identifying the different ERS profiles among nursing students. Targeted programs are needed to enhance adaptive strategies and reduce maladaptive strategies to improve nursing students' psychological and behavioural performance.
Tailoring Unsymmetrical‐Coordinated Atomic Site in Oxide‐Supported Pt Catalysts for Enhanced Surface Activity and Stability
Authors: Xue Zhenggang , Yan Muyu , Wang Xiaolin , Wang Zhiyuan , Zhang Yan , Li Yuhuan , Xu Wenjie , Tong Yujing , Han Xiao , Xiong Can , Wang Wenyu , Chen Min , Ye Bangjiao , Hong Xun , Song Li , Zhang Hongjun , Yang Li‐Ming , Wu Yuen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe catalytic properties of supported metal heterostructures critically depend on the design of metal sites. Although it is well‐known that the supports can influence the catalytic activities of metals, precisely regulating the metal–support interactions to achieve highly active and durable catalysts still remain challenging. Here, the authors develop a support effect in the oxide‐supported metal monomers (involving Pt, Cu, and Ni) catalysts by means of engineering nitrogen‐assisted nanopocket sites. It is found that the nitrogen‐permeating process can induce the reconstitution of vacancy interface, resulting in an unsymmetrical atomic arrangement around the vacancy center. The resultant vacancy framework is more beneficial to stabilize Pt monomers and prevent diffusion, which can be further verified by the density functional theory calculations. The final Pt–N/SnO2 catalysts exhibit superior activity and stability for HCHO response (26.5 to 15 ppm). This higher activity allows the reaction to proceed at a lower operating temperature (100 °C). Incorporated with wireless intelligent‐sensing system, the Pt–N/SnO2 catalysts can further achieve continuous monitoring of HCHO levels and cloud‐based terminal data storage.