bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel imaging methods reveal positive impact of topical negative pressure application on tissue perfusion in an in vivo skin model
Authors: Müller‐Seubert Wibke , Roth Sascha , Hauck Theresa , Arkudas Andreas , Horch Raymund E. , Ludolph Ingo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe influence of topical negative pressure application (TNPA) on tissue perfusion still remains controversial. TNPA was applied for 30 minutes on intact skin of 21 healthy participants. Measurements of tissue oxygen saturation and tissue temperature as signs of tissue perfusion were performed before application of the TNPA, directly after removal of the TNPA and 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 minutes after removal of the dressing using the near infrared imaging (NIRI) and a thermal imaging camera. Tissue oxygen saturation showed an increase from 67.7% before applying the TNPA to 76.1% directly after removal of TNPA, followed by a decrease of oxygen saturation 30 minutes after removal of TNPA. The measured temperature of the treated skin area increased from 32.1°C to 36.1°C after removal of TNPA with a consecutive decrease of the temperature 30 minutes after removal. TNPA resulted in both a higher tissue oxygen saturation and a higher skin temperature after 30 minutes compared to the beginning. TNPA increases both tissue oxygen saturation and skin temperature as sign of an increase of tissue perfusion. NIRI and thermal imaging proved to be useful for measuring changes in tissue perfusion.
Ionic conductivity of Li2O–P2O5 glasses from thermodynamic modeling of their chemical structure
Authors: López‐Grande Alberto , Dagupati Rajesh , Galán del Sastre Pedro , Muñoz Francisco 
Published: June 2021

AbstractModeling the transport properties of glasses, and ionic conductivity in particular, has been a recurrent issue motivated for their high interest in the rapid developing field of energy conversion and storage devices for a wide range of applications such as in lithium rechargeable batteries. Despite the absolute conductivity of phosphate‐based glasses is not among the highest, their ease of preparation and ability to host transition metals and secondary anions has contributed to foster their research from which good examples are the LiPON electrolytes or the LATP‐based glass ceramics. In this work, the structure and ionic conductivity of lithium phosphate glasses with nominal composition Li2O⋅()P2O5, and x between 46 and 58 mol%, have been studied through the thermodynamic approach of the associated solutions model that was introduced by Shakhmatkin and Vedishcheva in glasses. The weak electrolyte model and the Anderson and Stuart model have also been employed herein in order to calculate the activation energy of the conduction of lithium ions within the glass matrix. Experimental ionic conductivity and activation energy data have been determined and were compared with the ones calculated using the models mentioned above. The structural units of the network have also been obtained by means of the thermodynamic approach and compared with those determined by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. All of them showed that the glass network structure can be reliably represented by a solution of chemical species and whose properties can then be derived from the respective weights in the system.
Cardioprotective effects of melatonin against myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury: Activation of AMPK/Nrf2 pathway
Authors: Xu Chennian , Wang Jian , Fan Zhenge , Zhang Shuang , Qiao Rui , Liu Yu , Yang Jian , Yang Lifang , Wang Huishan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough reperfusion is the most effective therapy for patients with acute myocardial infarction, reperfusion injury limits the therapeutic effects of early reperfusion. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Melatonin, a circulating hormone, is well‐known as an antioxidant in cardiovascular diseases. In this short communication, we show that melatonin significantly improves post‐ischaemic cardiac function, reduces infarct size and decreases oxidative stress. Furthermore, melatonin markedly increases AMPK activation and Nrf2 nuclear translocation. Nevertheless, these melatonin‐induced changes are abrogated by compound C. In addition, ML‐385, an Nrf2 inhibitor, also withdraws the antioxidative effects of melatonin but has little effect on AMPK activation. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that melatonin alleviates myocardial I/R injury by inhibiting oxidative stress via the AMPK/Nrf2 signalling pathway.
Sex‐specific differences in blood lipids and lipid ratios in type 2 diabetic foot patients
Authors: Yin Shuming , Zhao Puqing , Ai Zisheng , Deng Bing , Jia Wei , Wang Huan , Zheng Jiaqi 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionFew people have reported whether there are sex differences in blood lipids and lipid ratios in type 2 diabetic foot (T2DF) patients in China. This study attempts to identify the contribution to sex‐specific differences in blood lipids and lipid ratios in these patients.Materials and MethodsIn this case–control study, we explore 306 patients with T2DF as the study group and 306 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus as the control group. Patients were diagnosed according to the Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes–2014 (American Diabetes Association). Blood lipid and lipid ratios were determined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria.ResultsWe studied male patients with T2DF who were aged 68.00 years (18.00 years) and females who were aged 73.50 years (19.00 years); 61.76% of the patients were men. Men had higher body mass index and glycated hemoglobin levels than women. Compared with type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, T2DF patients had significant differences in total cholesterol/high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol/HDL‐C and apolipoprotein (apo)B/apoA‐I ratios. HDL‐C, triglyceride, apoA‐I and apoB/apoA‐I ratio showed cardiovascular disease risk in men, whereas total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, apoB, and the low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol/HDL‐C and total cholesterol/HDL‐C ratios were better predictors in women. The apoB/apoA‐I ratio odds ratio values were 2.18 (95% confidence interval 1.17–4.41) and 2.14 (95% confidence interval 1.14–4.00) in male patients with T2DF before and after adjusting for age, respectively (P < 0.05).ConclusionsT2DF patients present sex‐specific differences in their blood lipid and lipid ratios, especially in the apoB/apoA‐I ratio, which could be a better indicator for cardiovascular disease risk.
Drying kinetics, heat quantities, and physiochemical characteristics of strawberry puree by Refractance Window drying system
Authors: Shrivastav Shivmurti , Ganorkar Pravin M. , Prajapati Krupal M. , Patel Devansh B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAttempts were made to understand the drying kinetics, different heats involved, and change in physiochemical properties during Refractance Window (RW) drying of strawberry puree on an in‐house fabricated RW drier. RW drying of puree was conducted at 75°C water temperature with 1.5 mm thickness. The drying was carried out from initial moisture content 614% (db) to 5.1% (db) with1.2 m/s exhaust air velocity. RW drying took place only in the falling rate period. The sensible heat of strawberry puree, convective heat loss from puree surface to air, and convective heat loss from the bottom surface (hot water to air) of the dryer were 70, 205, and 61.96 W, respectively. The evaporative capacity of 5.28 kg m−2 hr−1 was calculated at experimental parameters. This confirms that the drying system is advantageous. RW dried strawberry puree was rehydrated as exact of fresh strawberry puree considering total solids. Total phenolic content and ascorbic acid were significantly (p < .05) reduced from 246.33 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) (fresh strawberry puree) to 204.67 mg GAE per 100 g (reconstituted RW dried strawberry puree); 33.31–28.54 mg/100 g, respectively. Color characterization through L*, a*, b*, darkness factor (b*/a*), chroma (C), and hue angle (h*) revealed that reconstituted RW dried puree sample was darker compared with fresh puree.Practical ApplicationsAmong various drying methods of fruit purees, hot air drying is the most widely used. It results in an unpleasurable taste and color. During the falling rate drying period, the less thermal conductivity of fruit puree restricts heat transfer in conventional drying. Refractance Window (RW) drying adopts low‐temperature drying for less time, which leads to advantages like effective and economical drying. RW drying technology can be promising at the commercial level in product quality and much‐reduced production cost.
Review of the role of gastrointestinal multiplex polymerase chain reaction in the management of diarrheal illness
Authors: Teh Readon , Tee Wei De , Tan Eunice , Fan Kristie , Koh Calvin Jianyi , Tambyah Paul Ananth , Oon Jolene , Tee Nancy , Soh Alex Yu Sen , Siah Kewin Tien Ho 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAcute and chronic diarrheal illness secondary to gastrointestinal infection is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. A cornerstone of management includes prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment of culprit pathogens. Timely diagnosis can improve patient care, assist in infection control, and prevent disease outbreaks. Historical methods of diagnosis include traditional culture methods and stool analysis. These are limited by long turnaround time and inability to simultaneously assess multiple pathogens. The advent of multiplexed nucleic acid amplification tests first began with the Food and Drug Administration‐approved respiratory virus multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) panel in 2009, followed by gastrointestinal infections in 2013, and neurological infections in 2014. We conducted a review of current literature pertaining to the clinical utility of a gastrointestinal multiplex PCR in management of acute and chronic diarrhea in patients. To date, seven platforms approved by the US Food and Drug Administration are used in detection of various bacterial, viral, and parasitic causative organisms for diagnosis of gastrointestinal infections. The sensitivity and specificity of each assay vary depending on the tested organism. Interpretation of a positive result has to be tailored to the clinical context. Further studies are required to establish the utility of gastrointestinal multiplex PCR from a cost‐based perspective, whether specific enteropathogens such as Clostridioides difficile are better assessed with toxin gene detection and whether new parameters such as cycle threshold values can improve clinical application of test results.
Complex interactions with nutrients and sediment alter the effects of predation on a reef‐building coral
Authors: Rice Mallory M. , Baldwin Daniel G. , Fischer Janine N. , Fuchs Corinne , Burkepile Deron E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFramework‐building corals create the three‐dimensional structure of coral reefs and are subject to predation from fishes, echinoderms, and gastropods. Anthropogenic stressors can magnify the effects of such top‐down pressure on foundation species. The gastropodCoralliophilaviolacea(Kiener, 1836) depletes coral energy reserves via predation, potentially increasing coral susceptibility to land‐based pollution (i.e., sediment accumulation and nutrient pollution). We hypothesized that sedimentation would worsen coral mortality, while nutrient enrichment would mitigate the harmful effects of sediment and predation on coral mortality by increasing the densities of algal symbionts. To test these hypotheses, we conducted in situ surveys of the fringing reefs in Mo'orea, French Polynesia to explore the relationships among massivePoritesspp. cover,C. violaceadensities, and sediment accumulation on coral colonies across low and high nutrient sites. We also conducted a factorial field experiment to test the interactions among these stressors on coral tissue mortality, symbiont densities, and chlorophyll. MassivePoritescolonies at higher nutrient sites hadC. violaceadensities 13 times higher than at low nutrient sites but there was no difference in the amount of live tissue on coral colonies with or without snails among these sites. In our experiment, there were interactions between predation and nutrients as well as nutrients and sediment that impacted coral mortality. Sedimentation and predation byC. violaceaincreased coral tissue mortality independently by ~20%. Nutrient enrichment reduced this effect in corals under sedimentation or predation pressure by lowering coral tissue mortality by 18% and increasing algal symbiont densities by ~28%. Our results indicate that sediment does not magnify top‐down pressure on this coral, and that moderate nutrient enrichment may interact with predation in complex, unexpected ways to alter the responses of corals to top‐down pressure.
Genetic diversity and geographic distribution of parasitic flies of the Philornis torquans complex in Argentina
Authors: Percara A. , Quiroga M. A. , Beldomenico P. M. , Monje L. D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPhilornis Meinert 1890 (Diptera: Muscidae) is a genus of flies that parasitize birds in the Neotropical region. The characteristics of the host–parasite interactions and its consequences may depend on the Philornis species involved, and thus precise identification of these parasites is crucial for the interpretation of ecological and epidemiological studies. However, morphological identification of Argentine Philornis species is elusive while molecular evidence points towards the existence of a complex of cryptic species or lineages undergoing a speciation process, which were named the ‘Philornis torquans complex’. Herein the authors extended the current knowledge on the systematics and biogeography of parasitic Philornis flies from Argentina, analysing samples collected in several ecoregions, including the Atlantic Forest, Iberá Wetlands, Open Fields and Grasslands, Espinal, Pampa, Dry Chaco, Humid Chaco, Delta and Paraná River Islands, Monte of Plains and Plateaus. The results of the present study strengthen the evidence on previously described Philornis genotypes using four genetic markers (ITS2, COI, ND6, 12S rRNA). The authors report new patterns of occurrence and describe the presence of a novel genotype of subcutaneous Philornis. In addition, the present study unveils ecological niche differences among genotypes of the Philornis torquans complex in southern South America.
DArTseq physical mapping of QTLs linked to Karnal bunt (Tilletia indica) resistance in two historical wheat populations
Authors: Emebiri Livinus , Singh Sukhwinder , Tan Mui‐Keng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractKarnal bunt, a disease of wheat, durum, rye, and triticale, is subject to strict quarantine restrictions worldwide. The disease is considered a major threat to food security, due to its use as a non‐tariff trade barrier by several wheat‐importing countries. In this paper, we analysed seven years of phenotypic data to search for quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with resistance in common wheat, validated the QTLs using an independent population, and assessed the potential of genomic selection as a tool for pre‐emptive breeding. The QTL study used phenotypic data collected from artificially inoculated field experiments involving two historical Karnal bunt resistance populations: WH542 × HD29 and WH542 × W485. QTL analyses detected four significant (p < 0.001) QTLs on chromosomes 1A, 3A, 4B, and 6B, which explained between 13.7% and 15.7% of the phenotypic variation. A panel of 130 cultivars was used to validate QTL effects. These were genotyped with the same DArTseq protocol, and two of the four QTLs were significantly (p < 0.001) associated with Karnal bunt resistance in the validation panel. The potential of genomic selection was investigated by comparing accuracies of a model trained with all available markers and a model based solely on validated QTL information from the biparental populations. Genomic prediction accuracy, based on the two scenarios, averaged 0.43 and 0.33, respectively, suggesting that even in situations where phenotyping is difficult due to quarantine restrictions, the prospects for pre‐emptive breeding against Karnal bunt are encouraging, and resources are now available that will reduce the cost burden.
Theorizing notions of the participation of people in poverty in social policymaking: Policing, politics and subjectification
Authors: Degerickx Heidi , Van Beveren Laura , Debaene Raf , Van Gorp Angelo , Roose Rudi , Roets Griet 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSince the 1990s, a paradigm of participation has gained prominence and become a dominant policy rhetoric in anti‐poverty policymaking in Europe, embracing the key idea that people in poverty should participate as equal citizens in political decision‐making processes. Based on a historical case study of the production process of a Belgian white paper, the General Report on Poverty (1994), we investigate who participated in the GRP production process, and whether the underlying participatory and democratic mechanisms produced a shift in power and might have led to a more socially just and equal society. We rely on a central set of ideas of the French philosopher Jacques Rancière to theorize different notions of participation, and tease out whether the processing of equality had the capacity to move from policing towards politics through subjectification. Our research study demonstrates how social change and a reconfiguration of the democratic order can appear as a moment of democracy, yet inevitably leads to a new police.
Association of vaping with decreased vascular endothelial growth factor expression and decreased microvessel density in cutaneous wound healing tissue in rats
Authors: Jaleel Zaroug , Blasberg Elizabeth , Troiano Chelsea , Montanaro Paige , Mazzilli Sarah , Gertje Hans Peter , Crossland Nicholas A. , Platt Michael , Spiegel Jeffrey 
Published: June 2021

AbstractVaping is suggested to be a risk factor for poor wound healing akin to smoking. However, the molecular and histologic mechanisms underlying this postulation remain unknown. Our study sought to compare molecular and histologic changes in cutaneous flap and non‐flap tissue between vaping, smoking and control cohorts. Animal study of 15 male Sprague–Dawley rats was randomized to three cohorts: negative control (n = 5), e‐cigarette (n = 5) and cigarette (n = 5) and exposed to their respective treatments with serum cotinine monitoring. After 30 days, random pattern flaps were raised and healed for 2 weeks after which skin punch biopsies of flap and non‐flap tissues were collected for quantitative‐reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction of three selected wound healing genes (transforming growth factor β [TGF‐β], vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF], matrix metalloproteinase‐1 [MMP‐1]); then, immunohistochemistry for CD68 expression, α‐smooth muscle actin looking at microvessel density (MVD) and in situ hybridization to localize VEGF production were undertaken. In flap tissue, vaping (mean[SEM]) (0.61[0.07]) and smoking (0.70[0.04]) were associated with decreased fold change of VEGF expression compared with controls (0.91[0.03]) (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, respectively). In non‐flap tissue, only vaping was associated with decreased VEGF expression (mean[SEM]) (0.81[0.07]), compared with controls (1.17[0.10]) (p < 0.05) with expression primarily localized to basal keratinocytes and dermal capillaries. Immunohistochemistry showed decreased MVD in smoking (0.27[0.06]) and vaping (0.26[0.04]) flap tissue compared to matched controls (0.65[0.14]) (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, respectively) and decreased areas of fibrosis compared with controls on gross histology. Vaping and smoking were similarly associated with decreased VEGF expression, MVD and fibrotic changes in flap tissue. The results suggest attenuated angiogenesis via decreased VEGF expression as a mechanism for poor wound healing in vaping‐exposed rats.
The epidemiology of bacterial zoonoses in pastoral and dairy cattle in Cameroon, Central Africa
Authors: Kelly Robert F. , Jennings Amy , Hunt Jennifer , Hamman Saidou M. , Mazeri Stella , Nkongho Egbe F. , Ngwa Victor N. , Tanya Vincent , Sander Melissa , Ndip Lucy , Bessell Paul R. , Morgan Kenton L. , Handel Ian G. , Muwonge Adrian , Bronsvoort Barend M. de C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPrevious work identified that bacterial zoonoses (Brucella species, Coxiella burnetii and Leptospira hardjo) were present in Cameroonian pastoral cattle. To assess the characteristics of this zoonotic risk, we analyse seroprevalence of each pathogen and the associated management, herd and environmental factors in Cameroonian pastoral and dairy cattle. Cross‐sectional samples included pastoralist herds in the Northwest Region (NWR n = 750) and Vina Division (VD n = 748) and small holder dairy herds in the NWR (n = 60). Exposure to Brucella spp., C. burnetii and L. hardjo were screened for using commercial ELISAs and population adjusted estimates made. In addition, individual, herd and ecological metadata were collected and used to identify risk factors associated with animal‐level seropositivity. In the pastoral cattle, seroprevalence to Brucella spp. was relatively low but was higher in the NWR (4.2%, CI: 2.5%–7.0%) than the VD (1.1%: CI 0.5%–2.4%), while L. hardjo seroprevalence was much higher though similar in the NWR (30.7%, CI 26.3%–35.5%) and VD (35.9%, CI 31.3%–40.7%). No differences were noted in C. burnetii seroprevalence between the two study sites (NWR: 14.6%, CI 11.8%–18.0%. VD: 12.4%, 9.6%–15.9%). Compared to pastoral, dairy cattle had lower seroprevalences for L. hardjo (1.7%, CI: 0.0%–4.9%), C. burnetii (0.0%, CI 0.0%–6.0%) but similar for Brucella spp. (5.0%, CI 0.0%–10.6%). Increased odds of Brucella spp. seropositivity were associated with owning sheep or rearing sheep and fencing cattle in at night. Adult cattle had increased odds of being seropositive for both C. burnetii and L. hardjo. Additionally, exposure to C. burnetii was associated with local ecological conditions and L. hardjo was negatively associated with cattle undertaking transhumance. This work highlights that exposure to these 3 important production diseases and occupational zoonoses are widespread in Cameroonian cattle. Further work is required to understand transmission dynamics between humans and livestock to inform implementation of effective control measures.
On the Nature of Equilibrium Points in the Axisymmetric Five-Body Problem
Authors: Muhammad Shah , Duraihem Faisal Zaid , Chen Wei , Zotos Euaggelos E. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The aim of this work is to numerically investigate the nature of the equilibrium points of the axisymmetric five-body problem. Specifically, we consider two cases regarding the convex or concave configuration of the four primary bodies. The specific configuration of the primaries depends on two angle parameters. Combining numerical methods with systematic and rigorous analysis, we reveal how the angle parameters affect not only the relative positions of the equilibrium points but also their linear stability. Our computations reveal that linearly stable equilibria exist in all possible central configurations of the primaries, thus improving and also correcting the findings of previous similar works.