bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of a Supplementation with Ketogenic Amino Acids on Hepatic Steatosis Induced by Fructose in Healthy Humans
Authors: Theytaz Fanny Leila , Noguchi Yasushi , Egli Léonie , Campos Vanessa , Hodson Leanne , Patterson Bruce , Kreis Roland , Mittendorfer Bettina , Fielding Barbara , Boesch Chris , Tappy Luc 
Published: June 2021

High protein intake blunts the deposition of intrahepatocellular lipids (IHCL) in fat‐overfed human volunteers. The aim of this study was to assess whether essential amino acids (EAA) supplementation also inhibits IHCL synthesis induced by a high fructose (HFr) diet.9 healthy males were studied on 3 occasions, after 6 days of either: isocaloric balanced diet (C), the same diet supplemented with HFr or with HFr and EAA (HFrAA). IHCL content was measured by 1H nuclear magnetic spectroscopy and the effects of oral 13C fructose loads on VLDL‐13C palmitate production were monitored. HFr, compared to C, increased IHCL (2.7 ± 0.6 vs 1.3 ± 0.3 vol%) and plasma VLDL‐TG concentration (1.4 ± 0.2 vs 0.5 ± 0.1 mmol/L), both P < 0.05. It tended to increase VLDL production (16.7 ± 1.2 vs 12.0 ± 1.2 μmol/min), and enhanced VLDL‐13C palmitate production (195.2 ± 58.3 vs 4.0 ± 3.8 mmol/540 min, P < 0.05). Compared to HFr, HFrAA decreased IHCL (2.3 ± 0.5 vol%, P < 0.05), and further increased VLDL‐TG production to 21.2 ± 3.2 μmol/min (P < 0.05 vs C), but did not change VLDL‐13C palmitate production (326.6 ± 108.1 nmol/540 minutes).We conclude that a supplementation with EAA significantly blunts the IHCL synthesis induced by fructose overfeeding, possibly by enhancing hepatic VLDL‐TG secretion.Swiss National Science Foundation and Ajinomoto supported this work.
The effects of enriched oat milk supplementation on micronutrient status of Chinese schoolchildren
Authors: Zhang Huanmei , Zhang Qian , Hu Xiaoqee , Oste Rickard , Ma Guansheng 
Published: June 2021

Oat milk has balanced macronutrient composition and free of lactose. In China, the lactose intolerance incidence is ca. 87.5% among young children and inadequacy of Ca, Fe, and vitamin D are common. To convey the benefits of oat milk to Chinese children, an oat milk formula was adopted in two 12‐mon randomly controlled intervention studies performed in rural Beijing. Its acceptance and effects of minerals and vitamins enriched oat milk on physical and mental development were evaluated. In one trial, total 409 children aged 8–10 were recruited from two schools and the study group was supplied with 200 ml Ca and Fe enriched product (A) twice/day/person. The other trial recruited 294 children aged 7–9 from a 3rd school. A carton of 250 ml Ca, Fe, vitamin A, and D enriched product (B) was served once/day. The subject compliance in both studies was ca. 91%. Product A was observed to promote bone mass accretion of children in the study group than those in the control, significantly higher e.g. at total body (162–180g vs. 147–167g). Children drinking product B gained significantly higher serum ferritin level. The studies showed that the enriched oat milk was accepted by most children. Oat milk enriched with suitable micronutrients may benefit mineral status.The studies were financed by Oatly AB.
Cardiovascular and respiratory responses to selected cranial osteopathic manipulations in healthy young adults
Authors: Ioudina Marina , Toder Eric , Zhang Frank , Syphus Dallin 
Published: June 2021

Background and PurposeOsteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) for patient care may include cranial manipulations (CM). However, physiological responses to CM are not well defined. To study the effects of CM on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems the following measurements were used: heart rate (HR), HR‐variability, stroke volume index (SI), cardiac index (CI), and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR).MethodSubjects were healthy 25–35‐yr old men and women. PEFR was measured twice, at the beginning and at the end of a 30‐min protocol. Baseline cardiac parameters were obtained after a 10‐min rest in a supine position using impedance cardiography. Following CM that was performed by an osteopathic physician, cardiac responses were measured immediately and at the end of a 10‐min rest in supine position. Data were recorded and analyzed using BIOPACK Systems, Inc. equipment and software.Results and ConclusionFollowing CM, decreases were seen in HR (4%), CI (5%), and PEFR (10%) without significant changes in SI. The HR‐variability test revealed a decrease in sympathetic and increase in parasympathetic activity. These data demonstrate that the selected cranial osteopathic techniques decreased PEFR and decreased cardiac index, primarily by decreasing heart rate without a significant effect on cardiac contractility.
ACE2 Deficiency Augments Cerebrovascular Dysfunction during Aging
Authors: Peña-Silva Ricardo Alfonso , Chu Yi , Mitchell Ian J , Miller Jordan D , Penninger Josef M , Faraci Frank M , Heistad Donald D 
Published: June 2021

Angiotensin II produces oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. ACE2 converts angiotensin II to angiotensin 1–7 and may protect against effects of angiotensin II. We tested the hypothesis that ACE2 deficiency increases oxidative stress and vasomotor dysfunction in cerebral arteries, and examined the role of ACE2 in vascular aging. ACE2 was present at relatively low levels in cerebral arteries. Systolic arterial pressure was similar in adult and old ACE2 knockout (KO) and wild‐type (WT) mice. Maximal dilatation to acetylcholine (ACh) was impaired in the basilar artery from adult ACE2 KO mice compared to adult WT. In old mice, maximal dilatation to ACh was impaired in WT mice but severely impaired in ACE2 KO mice (P<0.05). The antioxidant tempol (1 mM) improved responses to ACh in adult and old ACE2 KO and WT mice. Nitrotyrosine staining in the basilar artery was increased in adult ACE2 KO mice and in old ACE2 KO and WT mice. Expression of NAD(P)H oxidase subunits Nox2 and p47phox, and of pro‐inflammatory molecules Rcan1 and TNFα, was increased in cerebral arteries from old ACE2 KO and WT animals. In summary, ACE2 deficiency impaired vasomotor function in cerebral arteries from adult mice and augments endothelial dysfunction during aging. Oxidative stress plays a critical role in cerebrovascular dysfunction induced by ACE2 deficiency and aging.NIH grants NS‐24621, HL‐38091, HL‐62984; AHA 0815525G, 10PRE3780044.
Mitochondrial Uncoupling protein‐2 regulates NLRP3 inflammasome
Authors: Venugopal Rajan babu , Cox Ruan Rollin , Parthasarathy prasanna Tamarappu , Lockey Richard F , Kolliputi Narasaiah 
Published: June 2021

Among the various types of inflammasomes, NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) senses a wide variety of stimuli. Inappropriate NLRP3 inflammasome activities have been reported in acute lung injury (ALI) and autoimmune diseases. Therefore, regulators of the NLRP3 inflammasome offer a considerable therapeutic promise. We investigate whether mitochondrial uncoupling protein (UCP)‐2 regulates inflammasome activation and modulates the functional effects of inflammasome mediated IL‐1β secretion. Differentiated human THP1 cells were pre‐treated with UCP‐2 inhibitor genipin followed by inflammasome activation with ATP. To mimic the infection model, THP1 cells were primed with LPS prior to genipin treatment. The expression of UCP‐2, NLRP3, ASC, pro‐caspase‐1 and pro‐IL‐1β in total cell lysates was assayed by western blot. Secretion of TNF‐α, IL‐6 and IL‐1β were detected by ELISA. We show that when activated THP1 cells are treated with genipin, the NLRP3 expression is suppressed. THP1 cells over expressed with UCP2 induced NLRP3 expression. Treatment with inflammasome stimulator ATP inhibits UCP2, but did not suppress NLRP3 expression. In addition, the presence of ATP restores genipin mediated suppression of NLRP3. In conclusion genipin inhibits NLRP3 through UCP2, but ATP mediated NLRP3 activation is independent of UCP‐2.Research Supported by: R01 HL105932 (NIH) and 09SDG2260957 (AHA)
Whole body surface cooling before aerobic exercise decreases lactate threshold in cool environment
Authors: Imai Daiki , Okazaki Kazunobu , Suzuki Akina , Takeda Ryosuke , Naghavi Nooshin , Matsumura Shinya , Miyagawa Toshiaki 
Published: June 2021

Whole body surface cooling prior to exercise improves aerobic performance in the heat, while possible effects of the procedure on aerobic performance in cool environment are remained unknown. Sympathetic nerve activity and glycolysis are enhanced by body surface cooling, therefore we hypothesized that whole body surface cooling prior to exercise increased plasma lactate concentration [Lac]p before and during aerobic exercise and declined lactate threshold (LT) in cool environment.MethodsSix healthy young women and men performed a graded maximal exercise on a cycling ergometer after pre‐conditioning (60 min) in 3 conditions. The ambient temperature (Ta) and a water perfusion suit temperature (Tw) were controlled at Ta10°C‐Tw10°C in Cool‐Cool (CC), Ta25°C‐Tw10°C in Mild‐Cool (MC), Ta25°C‐Tw34°C in Mild‐Neutral (MN), respectively. [Lac]p, heart rate, blood pressure, expired gas, esophageal (Tes) and skin temperature (Tsk) were measured and LT was determined.ResultsTes was higher and Tsk was lower in CC and MC than MN after pre‐conditioning, respectively. [Lac]p after pre‐conditioning and during each workload of exercise were higher in the order of CC, MC, MN, while LT showed lower values in the same order. [Lac]p at exhaustion was the lowest in CC.ConclusionsWhole Body surface cooling before aerobic exercise increased [Lac]p before and during exercise and decreased LT in cool environment.
Imaging of muscle blood volume changes during exercise with Vascular Space Occupancy (VASO) MRI
Authors: Godar Jared A , Rane Swati , Towse Theodore F. , Damon Bruce M. 
Published: June 2021

Large, rapid changes in perfusion accompany exercise, mediated in part by a local vasodilatory response. Impaired vasodilation occurs in diabetes, obesity, and other conditions. VASO MRI was developed to measure blood volume changes in the brain by nulling the signal of blood; vasodilation thus causes a loss of MRI signal intensity. The purpose of this work was to implement VASO for skeletal muscle. Eighteen subjects participated in the optimization of this method. Subjects were placed supine in a Philips 3.0T scanner with their foot on a force transducer, a knee coil around the calf, and an occlusion cuff around the thigh. Anatomical and VASO images were acquired (Fig 1).Maximal plantarflexion contractions were performed for 1–20 seconds, six minutes apart. The cuff was inflated to 240 mm Hg for five minutes, occluding arterial flow; VASO response was monitored for up to fifteen minutes after cuff release. NIRS spectroscopy was also performed to relate observed VASO signal changes to blood oxygenation and volume changes. VASO signal follows a similar time course to NIRS post occlusion.The decrease in VASO signal following a series of three ten second maximal plantarflexion contractions, as shown in Fig 2, should be proportional to increased blood volume demonstrating the promise of this new imaging paradigm to study blood volume changes in exercising muscle. This work was supported by NIH/NIAMS R01 AR050101.
Renovascular remodeling in Angiotensin‐II induced hypertension is strain–dependent
Authors: Pushpakumar Sathnur , Kundu Sourav , Givvimani Srikanth , Tyagi Suresh , Sen Utpal 
Published: June 2021

Hypertension is a recognized cause of chronic kidney disease and end‐stage renal dysfunction. Sustained hypertension induces renovascular remodeling in both intra and extra‐renal vasculature and alters extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Our objective was to define renovascular phenotypes in agonist induced hypertension in different strains of mice. Osmotic pumps loaded with Angiotensin‐II (Ang‐II) were inserted subcutaneously into C57BL/6J (WT), TIMP2−/−, and C3H/HeJ mice for delivery at 250 ng. kg‐1. min‐1.ResultsAng‐II induced higher blood pressures in WT and TIMP2−/− mice compared to C3H mice. Blood flow across renal artery and aorta was decreased by 33% in TIMP2−/− mice; whereas, in WT and C3H mice, flow decreased by 23 and 20% (aorta) and 19 and 10% (renal artery) compared to untreated controls. Barium microangiography showed decreased renal vascular density in TIMP2−/− and WT groups than in C3H. Peri‐glomerular and vascular collagen deposition was increased in TIMP2−/− and WT compared to C3H. Elastin deposition, however, was predominant in WT than in the other groups. Intracellular reactive oxygen species production was low in C3H mice, increased moderately in WT and was twice as high in TIMP2−/− than in C3H.ConclusionsOur results suggest that in Ang‐II induced hypertension, renovascular response is strain dependent indicating a genetic basis for disease susceptibility.
Rat Kidney biomarkers: 613‐APS (renal)
Authors: Schmidt Jane 
Published: June 2021

Multiplex measurement of rat kidney cytokines in serum and urine using the Fluorokine® MAP assayJane Schmidt Ph.D, Michael Rynning, Richard Fuerstenberg R&D Systems, Inc., Minneapolis, MNDrug toxicity can result in major organ damage to the kidneys. The traditional methods for monitoring drug‐induced nephrotoxicity in toxicology studies include measurement of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels, but in recent years more sensitive kidney biomarkers have emerged. The PCK rat is a recently identified rodent model of polycystic kidney disease that can be used as a model for general kidney disease or damage. We measured TIM‐1/KIM‐1, FABP‐1, Lipocalin‐2, Cystatin C, and Osteopontin in serum and urine from normal (Sprague Dawley) and PCK rats using the Fluorokine MAP Rat Kidney Toxicity Panel and observed a significant increase of TIM‐1/KIM‐1 and Lipocalin‐2 in the PCK rat serum compared to normal rat serum. We also observed statistically significant differences for Lipocalin‐2 and Cystatin C in PCK urine when compared to normal urine. Fluorokine Multianalyte Profiling (MAP) kits are bead‐based multiplex immunoassays designed for use on Luminex® 100/200™, Bio‐Rad® Bio‐Plex® analyzers and offer the ability to quantify multiple analytes simultaneously with less user time, less sample volume, and lower cost per result compared to conventional ELISAs. Five biomarkers can be measured in a user‐defined multiplex using the Rat Kidney Toxicity Panel. The assay is fully validated for accurate, precise, and reproducible results in rat serum, plasma, and urine.
Who is undernourished and who is overweight in Nigeria?
Authors: Adeyemi Olutayo , Stoltzfus Rebecca J. , Devine Carol M. , Pelletier David L. , Pinstrup‐Andersen Per 
Published: June 2021

The rising prevalence of overweight and obesity in low and middle income countries has been documented, but the development of appropriate policy responses requires an understanding of the geographic and social distribution of these conditions in relation to that of undernutrition. This need is especially great in countries with marked social, cultural and economic diversity. This study examined the distribution of undernutrition and overweight in women and children in Nigeria. The anthropometric status of 27,304 women 15–49 years and 18,893 children 0–59 months in the 2008 Nigerian Demographic Health Survey was examined using complex survey design in Stata 12.1. In general, undernutrition in women and children was higher in the three northern regions, overweight in women was higher in the three southern regions and child overweight was similar across all six regions. Also, undernutrition in women and children was inversely associated with wealth quintile in all six regions, overweight in women was positively associated with wealth quintile in all six regions, and child overweight was not associated with wealth quintile in any of the regions. Relative to other Sub‐Saharan African countries, Nigerian subpopulations, including the poorest children, had a higher prevalence of both undernutrition and overweight.Research support: Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell UniversityGrant Funding Source: None
Changes in coffee intake and subsequent risk of type 2 diabetes in women
Authors: Bhupathiraju Shilpa N , Pan An , Willett Walter C , van Dam Rob M , Hu Frank B 
Published: June 2021

Epidemiological data have consistently found an inverse association between coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). It is unclear whether changes in coffee consumption are associated with subsequent risk of T2D. Therefore, we analyzed whether 4‐year changes in coffee and tea consumption predicted subsequent risk of T2D among 48,721 women from the Nurses’ Health Study (1986–2006) who were free of cardiovascular disease and cancer at baseline. Diet was assessed using a validated FFQ and updated every 4 years. We documented 3482 cases of T2D during 20 years of follow‐up. In Cox proportional hazards regression analyses, adjusting for baseline and 4‐year changes in dietary and lifestyle variables, we found that women who decreased their coffee intake by 1 serving/day, over a 4‐year period, had a 17% higher risk for T2D (RR=1.17, 95% CI: 1.06–1.30) compared to those who made no changes in coffee consumption. Conversely, those who increased their coffee intake by 1 serving/day had a 13% lower risk for T2D (RR=0.87, 95% CI: 0.77–0.99). We did not observe any significant associations between changes in tea intake and T2D. There was no evidence that these associations were modified by baseline coffee/tea intake, changes in smoking status, body weight, hypertension, or high cholesterol. Our data provide novel evidence that changes in coffee consumption habits influence subsequent risk of T2D in women.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH grants CA87969, CA055075, DK58845, HL60712
Iodine and Iron deficiency and Parasites in children of Arandas, Mexico during the nutrition transition
Authors: Vasquez‐Garibay Edgar Manuel , Barrera Liliana R Campos , Velarde Enrique Romero , Cosio Maria Eugenia Nuño , Sanroman Rogelio Troyo , Rios Lizette Miranda , Rodriguez Francisco Napoles , Del Angel Alma Rosa , Velarde Fernando 
Published: June 2021

With the purpose to demonstrate changes on nutritional and health status a comparison was made in two studies 2000 and 2010. In the earlier, a cross sectional design carried out in children (60–120 months) of Instituto Alteño para el Desarrollo de Jalisco (INADEJ); in the latter a case‐control study with 102 children from 60 to 144 months of age from INADEJ (cases) and 206 children (controls) with similar age and sex randomly selected from the education system. Demographic, socioeconomic, parasites, iodine/iron indicators were included. Chi square test and odds ratio were estimated.During the last decade, the social, demographic and nutritional indicators of children living in Arandas, Jalisco are being significantly changed during the social & nutrition transition. This study was sponsored by National Council for Science and Technology, Mexico & Teasdale Corti Grant # 103460–044, Canada.
Use of digital messages to increase parental engagement in an after‐school obesity prevention program
Authors: Miesel Lindsay , Spence Marsha , Perry‐Burst Carolyn , McDonald Aneisa , Beason Jill 
Published: June 2021

Research shows that parental engagement in childhood obesity prevention programs is key for children's healthy eating and activity. However, parental participation is difficult to achieve. The aim of this study was to test if the use of personalized digital nutrition and physical activity messages delivered to parents via a digital home message center impacted children's reported food intake and child/parent goal‐setting. Results from the intervention group (n = 34) were compared to a historical control (n = 34) without the parental engagement component. Results show a total increase in healthy breakfast intake (mean pre‐post difference: treatment [T] = −2.04, control [C] = −8.98, p = .03). The treatment group decreased intake of sugar‐sweetened beverages (T = .16, C = −5.75, p < .001), but increased intake of solid fats and sugars (T = − 2.14, C = −1.34, p < .001) compared to the control group. The control group increased intake of 1% (T = ‐.34, C = −6.79, p = .02) and fat‐free milk (T = −1.91, C = −2.21, p = .01) compared to the intervention group. Children whose parents were involved in the treatment group were more likely to return goal cards than children in the control group (percent returned: T = 44%, C = 24%, p < .001). Although child food intake results were mixed, parent engagement increased significantly as evidenced by the increase in returned goal cards.Funding Source: Mercy Health Partners
The Relevances of Metabolic Syndrome with Dietary Habit and Lifestyle in Korean middle‐aged Women
Authors: LEE HYE JIN , LEE KYUNG‐HEA 
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study was to research the relationship of metabolic syndrome (MS) with dietary habit and lifestyle in 45–60 years aged Korean women who visited the Changwon Hanheart hospital for medical examination from July to September, 2012(IRB 2012–1, Hanheart hospital) using SPSS statistics version 20.0 program. The subjects were divided into the following two groups: MS group (≥ 3 among 5 indices: waist circumference, triglyceride, HDL‐cholesterol, glucose and blood pressure) and none MS group (< 3 among 5 indices). Fourteen subjects 117 participants had metabolic syndrome (12%). BMI (p<0.05) and smoking ratio (p<0.01) in MS group were significantly higher, but self‐rated health status was significantly lower (p<0.05) than in none MS group. The subjects having MS showed a significantly negative correlation with ‘meal regularity’ (p<0.01), ‘constant food intake’ (p<0.05), ‘having enough meal time’ ( p<0.01), ‘fruits intake frequency’ (p<0.05), ‘adequate energy intake’ (p<0.05), ‘total dietary habit score’ (p<0.001), but showed a significantly positive correlation with ‘frequency of meats intake’ (p<0.01), ‘frequency of high cholesterol foods intake’ (p<0.001) and ‘frequency of salty foods intake’ (p<0.01). In conclusion, the risk of the metabolic syndrome is substantially lower in individuals who have healthful dietary habit.This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology(2012–0004233)
Metabolomic profiling of the small for gestational age piglet
Authors: Getty Caitlyn M , Baratta Alyssa A , Dilger Ryan N 
Published: June 2021

Human infants born small for their gestational age (SGA), as associated with intrauterine growth restriction, are at increased risk of morbidity and mortality during early life and beyond. As an animal model, the domestic piglet (Sus scrofa) provides many benefits for studying developmental aspects of the SGA condition. Our objective was to assess global metabolomic profiles of SGA (≤ 0.9kg body weight) and average for gestational age (AGA, 1.3–1.5kg body weight) piglets. Piglets were selected in littermate pairs, weighed daily to assess growth rate, and blood was collected at 15–17 days of age; piglets remained with their mother throughout the study. Following stringent quality assurance procedures on multiple analytical platforms, a total of 323 named biochemicals were identified in plasma samples, with significant effects noted in metabolic pathways involving energy (i.e., TCA cycle), amino acids, nucleotides, and fatty acids. Most notably, de novo synthesis of nicotinamide derivatives was higher (P < 0.05) in SGA piglets, suggesting a deficiency in cofactors important for energy metabolism and biosynthetic reactions. Moreover, changes in glucose metabolism suggested the ability to extract energy from dietary sources may have been compromised in the SGA piglet. We conclude that a significant reduction in the growth potential of SGA piglets is associated with perturbations in multiple metabolic pathways.ACES James Scholar Honors Program, College of ACES, University of Illinois, Urbana‐Champaign