bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relative and interactive impact of multiple risk factors in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a combined register-based and clinical twin study
Authors: Lemvigh C. , Brouwer R. , Hilker R. , Anhøj S. , Baandrup L. , Pantelis C. , Glenthøj B. , Fagerlund B. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundResearch has yielded evidence for genetic and environmental factors influencing the risk of schizophrenia. Numerous environmental factors have been identified; however, the individual effects are small. The additive and interactive effects of multiple risk factors are not well elucidated. Twin pairs discordant for schizophrenia offer a unique opportunity to identify factors that differ between patients and unaffected co-twins, who are perfectly matched for age, sex and genetic background.MethodsRegister data were combined with clinical data for 216 twins including monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) proband pairs (one or both twins having a schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis) and MZ/DZ healthy control (HC) pairs. Logistic regression models were applied to predict (1) illness vulnerability (being a proband v. HC pair) and (2) illness status (being the patient v. unaffected co-twin). Risk factors included: A polygenic risk score (PRS) for schizophrenia, birth complications, birth weight, Apgar scores, paternal age, maternal smoking, season of birth, parental socioeconomic status, urbanicity, childhood trauma, estimated premorbid intelligence and cannabis.ResultsThe PRS [odds ratio (OR) 1.6 (1.1–2.3)], childhood trauma [OR 4.5 (2.3–8.8)], and regular cannabis use [OR 8.3 (2.1–32.7)] independently predicted illness vulnerability as did an interaction between childhood trauma and cannabis use [OR 0.17 (0.03–0.9)]. Only regular cannabis use predicted having a schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis between patients and unaffected co-twins [OR 3.3 (1.1–10.4)].ConclusionThe findings suggest that several risk factors contribute to increasing schizophrenia spectrum vulnerability. Moreover, cannabis, a potentially completely avoidable environmental risk factor, seems to play a substantial role in schizophrenia pathology.
‘And lastly, one for Saint Blaise’: bishops, widows and patronage in a lost Office of Reginold of Eichstätt
Authors: ALTSTATT ALISON 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTThis article concerns a fragmentary Office for Saint Blaise found inD-PREk Reihe V G1,a late fourteenth-century antiphoner from the Benedictine convent of Kloster Preetz. Despite the late date of the source, compositional similarities between this office and the Saint Nicholas office support the possibility that the former may be a lost Office attributed to Bishop Reginold of Eichstätt (r. 966–91) by the chronicler Anonymus Haserensis. I argue that Reginold may have written both the Office for Saint Blaise and the recension of thepassioon which it is based for Pia of Bergen (Biletrud, Duchess of Bavaria), whom the chronicler names as Reginold's patron. This theory is supported by a consideration of the historical position and practices of Ottonian aristocratic widows, the development of saints’ cults in tenth-century Eichstätt and the text of thepassioitself. These findings give new insight into the office compositions of Reginold of Eichstätt, the Ottonian veneration of Byzantine saints and female patrons’ involvement in the liturgical arts and establishment of cults in the late tenth century. These findings also provide hints to the origin of the liturgy of Kloster Preetz, whose mother house has never been identified.
The relationship between simulated milrinone exposure and hypotension in children
Authors: Commander Sarah Jane , Gonzalez Daniel , Kumar Karan R. , Spears Tracy , Cohen-Wolkowiez Michael , Zimmerman Kanecia O. , Balevic Stephen J. , Hornik Christoph P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroduction:Hypotension is an adverse event that may be related to systemic exposure of milrinone; however, the true exposure–safety relationship is unknown.Methods:Using the Pediatric Trials Network multicentre repository, we identified children ≤17 years treated with milrinone. Hypotension was defined according to age, using the Pediatric Advanced Life Support guidelines. Clinically significant hypotension was defined as hypotension with concomitant lactate >3 mg/dl. A prior population pharmacokinetic model was used to simulate milrinone exposures to evaluate exposure–safety relationships.Results:We included 399 children with a median (quarter 1, quarter 3) age of 1 year (0,5) who received 428 intravenous doses of milrinone (median infusion rate 0.31 mcg/kg/min [0.29,0.5]). Median maximum plasma milrinone concentration was 110.7 ng/ml (48.4,206.2). Median lowest systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 74 mmHg (60,85) and 35 mmHg (25,42), respectively. At least 1 episode of hypotension occurred in 178 (45%) subjects; clinically significant hypotension occurred in 10 (2%). The maximum simulated milrinone plasma concentrations were higher in subjects with clinically significant hypotension (251 ng/ml [129,329]) versus with hypotension alone (86 ng/ml [44, 173]) versus without hypotension (122 ng/ml [57, 208], p = 0.002); however, this relationship was not retained on multivariable analysis (odds ratio 1.01; 95% confidence interval 0.998, 1.01).Conclusions:We successfully leveraged a population pharmacokinetic model and electronic health record data to evaluate the relationship between simulated plasma concentration of milrinone and systemic hypotension occurrence, respectively, supporting the broader applicability of our novel, efficient, and cost-effective study design for examining drug exposure–response and –safety relationships.
Age differences in the impact of a Positive Deviance/Hearth programme on the nutritional status of children in rural Bangladesh
Authors: Kim Yunjeong , Biswas Jaganmay Prajesh , Hossain Md. Iqbal , Baik Diane , Reinsma Kathryn , Min Shinhye , Kang Yunhee 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjective:To examine the difference in the rehabilitation rate from underweight by child age at enrolment in the Positive Deviance (PD)/Hearth programme.Design:This secondary data analysis used programme monitoring records of underweight children aged 6–60 months attending a 2-week PD/Hearth session and followed up for 6 months from September 2018 to March 2019. Data were analysed using multilevel mixed-effect regression and Poisson regression with robust variance.Setting:Rajshahi Division, Bangladesh.Participants:A total of 5227 underweight (weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ) <-2) children attended the PD/Hearth sessions.Results:From enrolment to 6 months follow-up, the mean WAZ improved from −2·80 to −2·09, and the percentage of underweight children decreased to 54·5 %. Compared to the enrolment age of 6–11 months, the estimated monthly change in WAZ at 6 months of follow-up were 0·05 lower for 12–23 months, 0·06 lower for 24–35 months, and 0·09 lower for 36–60 months of the enrolment age (all P < 0·001). The probability of rehabilitation at 6 months of follow-up were lower by 16·7 % for 12–23 months (RR = 0·83; 95 % CI 0·77, 0·91), 15·5 % for 24–35 months (RR = 0·84; 95 % CI 0·78, 0·92), and 34·9 % for 36–60 months of the enrolment age (RR = 0·65; 95 % CI 0·59, 0·72), compared to the enrolment age of 6–11 months.Conclusions:Enrolment in the PD/Hearth programme at a younger age had the advantage of greater rehabilitation from underweight than older age. Our findings provide a better understanding of the successes and failures of the PD/Hearth programme to achieve more sustainable and cost-effective impacts.
Systematic observation of healthy eating environments in after-school services: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Crowe Ruth K , Probst Yasmine , Weaver R Glenn , Beets Michael W , Kemp Byron , Stanley Rebecca M , Okely Anthony D 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectives:Few studies have examined the healthy eating environments within the Australian out of school hours care (OSHC) setting. This study aims to describe healthy eating environments, consisting of: (a) the alignment of provided food and beverages to Australian Dietary Guidelines; (b) healthy eating promotion practices; (c) nutrition education through cooking experiences; (d) staff role modelling healthy eating and (e) regular water availability.Design:A cross-sectional study was conducted using direct observations and the validated System for Observing Staff Promotion of Activity and Nutrition (SOSPAN) tool.Setting:OSHC located in urban and semi-rural regions of NSW, Australia.Participants:Staff (151) and children (1549) attending twelve OSHC services operating in the hours after school.Results:Fifty per cent (50 %) of services offered fruits and 100 % offered water as a part of the afternoon snack on all four observation days. Discretionary foods were offered on more days compared to vegetables (+1·9/d, P = 0·009), lean meats (+2·7/d, P =·0 004) and wholegrains (+2·8/d, P = 0 002). Staff promoted healthy eating on 15 % of days, sat and ate with children 52 %, consumed high sugar drinks 15 % and ate discretionary foods in front of children 8 % of days, respectively. No opportunities for cooking or nutrition education were observed.Conclusion:Afternoon snacks regularly contained fruits and water. Opportunities exist to improve the frequency by which vegetables, wholegrains and lean meats are offered in addition to staff healthy eating promotion behaviours. Future research is warranted to further explore healthy eating behaviours, practices and policies within the after-school sector.
Implementation of an Adaptive Bias‐Aware Extended Kalman Filter for Sea‐Ice Data Assimilation in the HARMONIE‐AROME Numerical Weather Prediction System
Authors: Batrak Yurii 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSea ice surface temperature is an important variable for short‐range numerical weather prediction systems operating in the Arctic. However, when provided by numerical sea ice models, this variable is seldomly constrained by the observations, thus introducing errors and biases in the simulated near‐surface atmospheric fields. In the present study a new sea ice data assimilation framework is introduced in the HARMONIE‐AROME numerical weather prediction system to assimilate satellite sea ice surface temperature products. The impact of the new data assimilation procedure on the model forecast is assessed through a series of model experiments and validated against sea ice satellite products and in‐situ land observations. The validation results showed that using sea ice data assimilation reduces the analyzed and forecasted ice surface temperature root mean square error (RMSE) by 0.4 °C on average. This positive impact is still traceable after 3 h of model forecast. It also reduces the 2 m temperature RMSE on average by 0.2 °C at the analysis time with effects persisting for up to 24 h forecast over the Svalbard and Franz Josef Land archipelagos. As for the 2 m specific humidity and 10 m wind speed, no effect was observed. Possible impact on the upper‐air fields was assessed by comparing the model forecast against the radiosonde soundings launched from Spitsbergen, with no clear improvement found. Implications of using a coupled surface‐atmosphere data assimilation technique in HARMONIE‐AROME are discussed.
Polyphase Deformation and Strain Migration on the Septentrional‐Oriente Fault Zone in the Windward Passage, Northern Caribbean Plate Boundary
Authors: Oliveira de Sá A. , d’Acremont E. , Leroy S. , Lafuerza S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOblique collision between the Caribbean plate and the Bahama Banks has lead an eastward migration of the northern Caribbean plate boundary by successive southward jumps of major strike‐slip faults. The Septentrional‐Oriente Fault zone (SOFZ) defines the present‐day northern Caribbean plate boundary accommodating most of the eastward escape of the Caribbean plate. Here, we reevaluate the complex history of the SOFZ along the Windward Passage area between the easternmost region of Cuba and the northwest of Haiti. Based on seismic reflection and swath‐bathymetric data set we interpret the structure and tectonic pattern of the Windward Passage. The tectono‐sedimentary framework of this large strait shows contrasting patterns of deformation linked to a complex polyphase tectonic history of dominantly strike‐slip faulting. SOFZ segments offset the seismic units and yield key markers of displacement along the fault system. Our study provides structural and stratigraphic insights into the relative timing of deformation along the Windward Passage and presents new elements that constrain the southeastward jump of the north Caribbean plate boundary to its present‐day position. We propose dates for the identified seismic units based on the correlation of offshore deformation phases recorded in the Windward Passage sedimentary cover with major paleogeographic reorganization episodes described onland (Late Eocene, Late Oligocene, Middle Miocene and Late Pliocene). By restoring the offset of the seismic units, we demonstrate that at least ∼80 km of left‐lateral motion has occurred on the SOFZ, and that the SOFZ has been active since the Pliocene.
E2F1 and epigenetic modifiers orchestrate breast cancer progression by regulating oxygen-dependent ESRP1 expression
Authors: Ashok Cheemala , Ahuja Neha , Natua Subhashis , Mishra Jharna , Samaiya Atul , Shukla Sanjeev 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEpithelial splicing regulatory protein 1 (ESRP1) is an RNA binding protein that governs the alternative splicing events related to epithelial phenotypes. ESRP1 contributes significantly at different stages of cancer progression. ESRP1 expression is substantially elevated in carcinoma in situ compared to the normal epithelium, whereas it is drastically ablated in cancer cells within hypoxic niches, which promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Although a considerable body of research sought to understand the EMT-associated ESRP1 downregulation, the regulatory mechanisms underlying ESRP1 upregulation in primary tumors remained largely uncharted. This study seeks to unveil the regulatory mechanisms that spatiotemporally fine-tune the ESRP1 expression during breast carcinogenesis. Our results reveal that an elevated expression of transcription factor E2F1 and increased CpG hydroxymethylation of the E2F1 binding motif conjointly induce ESRP1 expression in breast carcinoma. However, E2F1 fails to upregulate ESRP1 despite its abundance in oxygen-deprived breast cancer cells. Mechanistically, impelled by the hypoxia-driven reduction of tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 3 (TET3) activity, CpG sites across the E2F1 binding motif lose the hydroxymethylation marks while gaining the de novo methyltransferase-elicited methylation marks. These two oxygen-sensitive epigenetic events work in concert to repel E2F1 from the ESRP1 promoter, thereby diminishing ESRP1 expression under hypoxia. Furthermore, E2F1 skews the cancer spliceome by upregulating splicing factor SRSF7 in hypoxic breast cancer cells. Our findings provide previously unreported mechanistic insights into the plastic nature of ESRP1 expression and insinuate important implications in therapeutics targeting breast cancer progression.
Adverse childhood experiences, daytime salivary cortisol, and depressive symptoms in early adulthood: a longitudinal genetically informed twin study
Authors: Iob Eleonora , Baldwin Jessie R. , Plomin Robert , Steptoe Andrew 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDysregulated hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA)-axis function might underlie the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and depression. However, limited research has examined the possible mediating role of the HPA-axis among young people using longitudinal data. Moreover, it remains unclear whether genetic influences could contribute to these associations. Participants were 290 children from the Twins Early Development Study. ACEs were assessed from age 3–11 years. We calculated a cumulative risk score and also derived different ACEs clusters using factor analysis and latent class analysis. HPA-axis activity was indexed by daytime salivary cortisol at age 11. Depressive symptoms were ascertained at age 21. Genetic liability to altered cortisol levels and elevated depressive symptoms was measured using a twin-based method. We performed causal mediation analysis with mixed-effects regression models. The results showed that ACEs cumulative exposure (b = −0.20, p = 0.03), bullying (b = −0.61, p = 0.01), and emotional abuse (b = −0.84, p = 0.02) were associated with lower cortisol levels at age 11. Among participants exposed to multiple ACEs, lower cortisol was related to higher depressive symptoms at age 21 (b = −0.56, p = 0.05). Lower cortisol levels mediated around 10–20% of the total associations of ACEs cumulative exposure, bullying, and dysfunctional parenting/emotional abuse with higher depressive symptoms. Genetic factors contributed to these associations, but the mediation effects of cortisol in the associations of ACEs cumulative exposure (b = 0.16 [0.02–0.34]) and bullying (b = 0.18 [0.01–0.43]) remained when genetic confounding was accounted for. In conclusion, ACEs were linked to elevated depressive symptoms in early adulthood partly through lower cortisol levels in early adolescence, and these relationships were independent of genetic confounding.
Investigation of diets associated with dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs using foodomics analysis
Authors: Smith Caren E. , Parnell Laurence D. , Lai Chao-Qiang , Rush John E. , Freeman Lisa M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a disease of the heart muscle that affects both humans and dogs. Certain canine diets have been associated with DCM, but the diet-disease link is unexplained, and novel methods are needed to elucidate mechanisms. We conducted metabolomic profiling of 9 diets associated with canine DCM, containing ≥ 3 pulses, potatoes, or sweet potatoes as main ingredients, and in the top 16 dog diet brands most frequently associated with canine DCM cases reported to the FDA (3P/FDA diets), and 9 non-3P/FDA diets. We identified 88 named biochemical compounds that were higher in 3P/FDA diets and 23 named compounds that were lower in 3P/FDA diets. Amino acids, amino acid-derived compounds, and xenobiotics/plant compounds were the largest categories of biochemicals that were higher in 3P/FDA diets. Random forest analyses identified the top 30 compounds that distinguished the two diet groups with 100% predictive accuracy. Four diet ingredients distinguished the two diet groups (peas, lentils, chicken/turkey, and rice). Of these ingredients, peas showed the greatest association with higher concentrations of compounds in 3P/FDA diets. Moreover, the current foodomics analyses highlight relationships between diet and DCM in dogs that can identify possible etiologies for understanding diet-disease relationships in dogs and humans.
Evaluation of a high-throughput, cost-effective Illumina library preparation kit
Authors: Tvedte Eric S. , Michalski Jane , Cheng Shaoji , Patkus Rayanna S. , Tallon Luke J. , Sadzewicz Lisa , Bruno Vincent M. , Silva Joana C. , Rasko David A. , Dunning Hotopp Julie C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLibrary preparation for high-throughput sequencing applications is a critical step in producing representative, unbiased sequencing data. The iGenomX Riptide High Throughput Rapid Library Prep Kit purports to provide high-quality sequencing data with lower costs compared to other Illumina library kits. To test these claims, we compared sequence data quality of Riptide libraries to libraries constructed with KAPA Hyper and NEBNext Ultra. Across several single-source genome samples, mapping performance and de novo assembly of Riptide libraries were similar to conventional libraries prepared with the same DNA. Poor performance of some libraries resulted in low sequencing depth. In particular, degraded DNA samples may be challenging to sequence with Riptide. There was little cross-well plate contamination with the overwhelming majority of reads belong to the proper source genomes. The sequencing of metagenome samples using different Riptide primer sets resulted in variable taxonomic assignment of reads. Increased adoption of the Riptide kit will decrease library preparation costs. However, this method might not be suitable for degraded DNA.
A computational framework to establish data-driven constitutive models for time- or path-dependent heterogeneous solids
Authors: Ge Weijian , Tagarielli Vito L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe propose and implement a computational procedure to establish data-driven surrogate constitutive models for heterogeneous materials. We study the multiaxial response of non-linear n-phase composites via Finite Element (FE) simulations and computational homogenisation. Pseudo-random, multiaxial, non-proportional histories of macroscopic strain are imposed on volume elements of n-phase composites, subject to periodic boundary conditions, and the corresponding histories of macroscopic stresses and plastically dissipated energy are recorded. The recorded data is used to train surrogate, phenomenological constitutive models based on neural networks (NNs), and the accuracy of these models is assessed and discussed. We analyse heterogeneous composites with hyperelastic, viscoelastic or elastic–plastic local constitutive descriptions. In each of these three cases, we propose and assess optimal choices of inputs and outputs for the surrogate models and strategies for their training. We find that the proposed computational procedure can capture accurately and effectively the response of non-linear n-phase composites subject to arbitrary mechanical loading.
Prevalence and genetic characteristics of Blastocystis hominis and Cystoisospora belli in HIV/AIDS patients in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
Authors: Xu Ning , Jiang Zhihua , Liu Hua , Jiang Yanyan , Wang Zunfu , Zhou Dongsheng , Shen Yujuan , Cao Jianping 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBlastocystis hominis and Cystoisospora belli are considered to be common opportunistic intestinal protozoa in HIV/AIDS patients. In order to investigate the prevalence and genetic characteristics of B. hominis and C. belli in HIV/AIDS patients, a total of 285 faecal samples were individually collected from HIV/AIDS patients in Guangxi, China. B. hominis and C. belli were investigated by amplifying the barcode region of the SSU rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1) region of the rRNA gene, respectively. Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test were conducted to assess the risk factors related to B. hominis and C. belli infection. The prevalence of B. hominis and C. belli was 6.0% (17/285) and 1.1% (3/285) respectively. Four genotypes of B. hominis were detected, with ST3 (n = 8) and ST1 (n = 6) being predominant, followed by ST6 (n = 2) and ST7 (n = 1). Females had a statistically higher prevalence of B. hominis (11.6%) than males (4.2%). The statistical analysis also showed that the prevalence of B. hominis was significantly associated with age group and educational level. Our study provides convincing evidence for the genetic diversity of B. hominis, which indicates its potential zoonotic transmission and is the first report on the molecular characteristics of C. belli in HIV/AIDS patients in China.