bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Liver MRI and Contrast-Enhanced CT as Standard Workup Before Treatment for Rectal Cancer in Usual Care - A Retrospective Study
Authors: Park Jennifer , Block Mattias , Bock David , Kälebo Peter , Nilsson Peter , Prytz Mattias , Haglind Eva 
Published: August 2021

Background:
The liver is the most common site for rectal cancer metastases. Recommended
standard pre-treatment workups have involved Computed Tomography (CT) for abdominal
metastases, however, few hospitals have replaced this with Magnetic Resonance Imaging
(MRI).

Introduction:
The aim of this study was to compare MRI with CT as an index examination of the
liver in the pre-treatment workup in usual care. The primary endpoint was the need for supplementary
liver investigations.

Methods:
Consecutive patients from two hospitals during 2013-2015 were identified in the Regional
Swedish Colorectal Cancer Register and included in this retrospective study. Hospital records
and radiology reports were reviewed. Inconclusive reports were re-evaluated by two radiologists.

Result:
A total of 320 patients were included, and 293 were available for analysis. Some 175 and
118 patients had undergone CT and MRI respectively, as their index pre-treatment liver examination.
Thirty-four (19.4%) in the CT group and 6 (5.1%) patients in the MRI group underwent supplementary
liver investigation due to inconclusive index examination (RR 3.82, 95% CI: 1.66;
8.81, p=0.0017). Median time (q1; q3) from index examination to start of treatment was 50 (36;
68) days in the CT group and 34 (27; 45) days in the MRI group.

Conclusion:
This retrospective study of two modalities within usual care found that MRI of the liver
as index radiological workup before treatment for rectal cancer was associated with fewer supplementary
liver investigations and a shorter time to start of treatment. Based on these findings, a
prospective trial should be undertaken before implementing MRI as a standard.

Clinicaltrials.gov registration number:
NCT03463616.
Endogenous Liver Protections Against Lipotoxicity and Oxidative
Stress to Avoid the Progression of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver to
more Serious Disease
Authors: Barrios-Maya Miguel-Angel , Ruiz-Ramírez Angélica , El-Hafidi Mohammed 
Published: August 2021

:
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic disorder
characterized by an ectopic accumulation of lipids in at least 5% of hepatocytes. The
first phase of the disease, called hepatic steatosis, progresses over time to chronic
conditions, such as steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and finally, hepatic insufficiency and
cancer. The accumulation of free fatty acids in hepatocytes, particularly saturated fatty
acids, is a key process in the development and progression of NAFLD. Furthermore, the
accumulation of oxidative stress markers in NAFLD is closely linked to lipotoxicity due to
impaired lipid metabolism and increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
However, endogenous mechanisms are activated early in the liver to protect against
lipotoxicity and oxidative stress, thus preventing liver mass loss and disease
progression. Thus, in order to develop appropriate therapies, the purpose of this review
is to discuss recent data from the literature regarding the importance of intrinsic
mechanisms deployed by the liver in protecting itself against the adverse effects related
to chronic lipid accumulation and ROS generation.
Coronavirus Disease 2019: Hysteresis Effect of Chest CT and the Correlation
with its Severity
Authors: Li Kui , Wang Wei , Wu Lei , Zhao Changwu , Jiang Zicheng , Liu Shengxi , Li Tao 
Published: August 2021

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influencing factors for chest
CT hysteresis and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods:
The chest CT data of patients with confirmed COVID-19 in 4 hospitals were retrospectively
analyzed. An independent assessment was performed by one clinician using the DEXIN
FACT Workstation Analysis System, and the assessment results were reviewed by another clinician.
Furthermore, the mean hysteresis time was calculated according to the median time from progression
to the most serious situation to improve chest CT in patients after fever relief. The optimal
scaling regression analysis was performed by including variables with statistical significance in univariate
analysis. In addition, a multivariate regression model was established to investigate the relationship
of the percentage of lesion/total lung volume with lymphocyte and other variables.

Results:
In the included 166 patients with COVID-19, the average value of the most serious percentage
of lesion/total lung volume was 6.62, of which 90 patients with fever had an average hysteresis
time of 4.5 days after symptom relief, with a similar trend observed in those without fever. Multivariate
analysis revealed that lymphocyte count in peripheral blood and transcutaneous oxygen saturation
decreased with the increase of the percentage of lesion/total lung volume.

Conclusion:
There is a hysteresis effect in the improvement of chest CT image relative to fever relief
in patients with COVID-19. The pulmonary lesions may be related to the severity as well as decreased
lymphocyte count or percutaneous oxygen saturation.
Visualized Analyses of Investigations Upon Mesenchymal Stem/stromal
Cell-based Cytotherapy and Underlying Mechanisms for COVID-19 Associated
ARDS
Authors: Aitong Wang , Leisheng Zhang , Hao Yu 
Published: August 2021

:
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) triggered by severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a widespread pandemic globally and seriously
threatened public health. Patients with COVID-19 infection, and in particular, those with severe
pneumonia-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) manifested rapid disease
progression and the resultant high mortality and morbidity. Advances in fundamental and clinical
studies have suggested the feasibility of mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC)-based therapy as
an inspiring alternative for ARDS administration. However, the systematic characteristics of the
MSC-based cytotherapy and underlying mechanism for COVID-19 associated ARDS by bibliometric
analyses are still unknowable. Herein, we took advantage of visual analyses to reveal the
overview of ARDS-associated updates, core authors and focused issues, as well as to summarize
the comprehensive knowledge of the keywords, authors, institutions with the aid of indicated software.
Meanwhile, we have provided a brief overview on the molecular mechanisms and discussed
the safety and efficacy of MSC-based therapy for ARDS on the basis of clinical trials.
The World Against Versatile SARS-Cov-2 Nanomachines: Mythological or
Reality?
Authors: Tavakol Shima , Tavakol Hani , Alavijeh Mo S. , Seifalian Alexander 
Published: August 2021

:
Nanomachines hold promise for the next generation of emerging technology; however, nanomachines
are not a new concept. Viruses, nature’s nanomachines, have already existed for thousands
of years. In 2019, the whole world had to come together to confront a life-threatening nanomachine
named “SARS-CoV-2”, which causes COVID-19 illness. SARS-CoV-2, a smart nanomachine,
attaches itself to the ACE2 and CD147 receptors present on the cell surfaces of the lungs,
kidneys, heart, brain, intestines, testes, etc. and triggers pathogenesis. Cell entry triggers a cascade of
inflammatory responses resulting in tissue damage, with the worst affected cases leading to death.
SARS-CoV-2 influences several receptors and signalling pathways; therefore, finding a biomaterial
that caps these signalling pathways and ligand sites is of interest. This research aimed to compare the
similarities and differences between COVID-19 and its elderly sisters, MERS and SARS. Furthermore,
we glanced at emerging therapeutics that carry potential in eliminating SARS-CoV-2, and the
tissue damage it causes. Simple prophylactic and therapeutic strategies for the treatment of COVID-
19 infection have been put forward.
Ultrasound-Mediated Cancer Therapeutics Delivery using Micelles and Liposomes: A Review
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Debasmita , Sano Catherine , AlSawaftah Nour , El-Awady Raafat , Husseini Ghaleb A. , Paul Vinod 
Published: August 2021

Background:Existing cancer treatment methods have many undesirable side effects that greatly reduce the quality of life of cancer patients.Objective:This review will focus on the use of ultrasound-responsive liposomes and polymeric micelles in cancer therapy.Methods:This review presents a survey of the literature regarding ultrasound-triggered micelles and liposomes using articles recently published in various journals, as well as some new patents in this field.Results:Nanoparticles have proven promising as cancer theranostic tools. Nanoparticles are selective in nature, have reduced toxicity, and controllable drug release patterns making them ideal carriers for anticancer drugs. Numerous nanocarriers have been designed to combat malignancies, including liposomes, micelles, dendrimers, solid nanoparticles, quantum dots, gold nanoparticles, and, more recently, metal-organic frameworks. The temporal and spatial release of therapeutic agents from these nanostructures can be controlled using internal and external triggers, including pH, enzymes, redox, temperature, magnetic and electromagnetic waves, and ultrasound. Ultrasound is an attractive modality because it is non-invasive, can be focused on the diseased site, and has a synergistic effect with anticancer drugs.Conclusion:The functionalization of micellar and liposomal surfaces with targeting moieties and the use of ultrasound as a triggering mechanism can help improve the selectivity and enable the spatiotemporal control of drug release from nanocarriers.
Lipid Nanocarriers for Neurotherapeutics: Introduction, Challenges,
Blood-brain Barrier, and Promises of Delivery Approaches
Authors: Javed Md. Noushad , Aslam Mohammed , Deeb Hala Hasan , Nicola Michel Kaisar , Mirza Mohd. Aamir , Alam Md. Sabir , Akhtar Md. Habban , Waziri Aafrin 
Published: August 2021

:
Significant efforts have been made in research to discover newer neurotherapeutics, however,
the rate of reported neurological disorders has been increasing at an alarming speed. Neurotherapeutics
delivery in the brain is still posing a significant challenge, owing to the blood-brain
barrier and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. These physiological barriers restrict the passage of
systemically available fractions of neurotherapeutics into the brain, owing to low permeability and
drug localization factors. Neurotherapeutics encapsulating lipid carriers favor a significant increase
in bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs by enhancing solubility in the gastrointestinal tract
and favoring stability. Due to their small size and lipid-based composition, these carriers offer enhanced
permeability across the semi-permeable blood-brain barrier to effectively transport encapsulated
loads, such as synthetic drugs, nutraceuticals, phytoconstituents, herbal extracts, and peptides,
thereby reducing incidences of off-target mediated adverse impacts and toxicity. The most significant
advantage of such lipid-based delivery systems is non–invasive nature and targeting of neurotherapeutics
to the central nervous system. Critical attributes of lipid-based carriers modulate release
rates in rate-controlled manners, enable higher penetration through the blood-brain barrier,
and bypass the hepatic first-pass metabolism leading to higher CNS bioavailability neurotherapeutics.
The current review discusses a brief and introductory account of the limitations of neurotherapeutics,
pharmacological barriers, challenges in brain-targeted delivery, and the potential of nanotechnology-
processed lipid-based carriers in the clinical management of neuronal disorders.
Omega-3 as an Adjunctive Therapy of Sertraline and Venlafaxine Substantially Improves Symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder: A Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study
Authors: Moghaddam Mohammad A. , Farid Malihe , Natanzi Mahboobeh M. , Khodaii Zohre , Badrfam Rahim , Zandifar Atefeh 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Due to the possible effect of omega-3 fatty acids on reducing depressive symptoms, in this study, we investigated these effects in combination with other antidepressants.

Methods:
The study was a double-blind clinical trial on 100 patients with major depressive disorder who were divided into four groups of 25 each and treated with 50 mg daily sertraline plus placebo, 50 mg daily sertraline plus two grams Omega 3 daily, 75 mg daily venlafaxine plus placebo, and 75 mg daily venlafaxine plus 2 g Omega 3 daily for 6 weeks.

Results:
The mean Hamilton depression rating score of sertraline and venlafaxine plus omega-3 after treatment were 4.42 and 4.23 respectively versus sertraline and venlafaxine plus placebo 14.4 and 14.2 respectively (P value=0.0001).

Conclusion:
Omega-3 enhanced the clinical function of sertraline and venlafaxine to reduce the severity of depression. Adding omega-3 to either sertraline or venlafaxine does not have a comparative advantage over each other in terms of the improvement of severity of depressive symptoms.
Implementation of Embedded Unspecific Continuous English Speech Recognition Based on HMM
Authors: Lu Xiaoli , Shah Mohd Asif 
Published: August 2021

Background:
To improve the usage of computers, a very important role is played by the
Human-computer interaction through Natural Language Conversational Interfaces. Speech recognition
technology allows the machine to understand human language. To achieve this function, a
speech recognition algorithm is used.

Methods:
In order to realize the embedded speech recognition function based on HMM under the
ARM platform, this paper, mainly based on the basic theoretical research of speech signals, establishes
the HMM model, uses speech collection, recognition and other methods, simulates on
MATLAB, and integrates the recognition system ported to ARM for debugging and running.

Results:
The research results show that the accuracy of HMM model experimental recognition can
reach 98%, and the speed of speech recognition simulation on ARM is faster than speech recognition.
The innovation of this paper is to make a comprehensive system introduction to embedded
speech recognition from the perspective of embedded systems, and perform speech recognition simulation
on MATLAB.

Conclusion:
The conclusion shows that the HMM-based embedded unspecific continuous English
speech recognition system has high recognition accuracy and fast speed.
Scaffolds Designing from Protein-loadable Coaxial Electrospun Fibermats of poly(acrylamide)-Co-poly(diacetone acrylamide) and Gelatin
Authors: Tanikawa Yuji , Obata Akiko , Nagata Kenji , Kasuga Toshihiro , Mizuno Toshihisa 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Aiming at in situ regenerative therapy, the tailored design of cytokine-releasing
scaffolds is still one of the crucial issues to be studied. A core-shell fibermat is one of the attractive
platforms for this purpose. But, very few detail the importance of choosing the right material
for the shell units that can endow efficient release properties.

Objective:
In this study, we characterized the effectiveness of core-shell fibermats that possess
cross-linked gelatin (CLG) as the shell layer of constituent nanofibers, as a protein-releasing cell-incubation
scaffold.

Methods:
For the core nanofibers in the core-shell fibermats, we utilized a crosslinked copolymer
of poly(acrylamide)-co-poly(diacetone acrylamide) (poly(AM/DAAM)) and adipic acid dihydrazide
(ADH), poly(AM/DAAM)/ADH. By coaxial electrospinning and the subsequent crosslinking
of the gelatin layer, we successfully constructed core-shell fibermats consisting of double-layered
nanofibers of poly(AM/DAAM)/ADH and CLG. Using fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled lysozyme
(FITC-Lys) as a dummy guest protein, we characterized the release behavior of the coreshell
fibermats containing a CLG layer. Upon loading basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) as cargo
in our fibermats, we also characterized impacts of the released bFGF on proliferation of the incubated
cells thereon.

Results:
Although the single-layered poly(AM/DAAM)/ADH nanofiber fibermats did not adhere
to the mammalian cells, the core-shell fibermat with the CLG shell layer exhibited good adherence
and subsequent proliferation. A sustained release of the preloaded FITC-Lys over 24 days without
any burst release was observed, and the cumulative amount of released protein reached over 65%
after 24 days. Upon loading bFGF in our fibermats, we succeeded in promoting cell proliferation,
and highlighting its potential for use in therapeutic applications.

Conclusion:
We successfully confirmed that core-shell fibermats with a CLG shell layer around
the constituent nanofibers, were effective as protein-releasing cell-incubation scaffolds.
Jejunal Hemolymphangioma in a Patient Presenting with Gastrointestinal
Bleeding
Authors: Shao Xiao-Dong , Wang Le 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Hemolymphangioma is rarely found in the small intestine. There have only been eight reports of hemolymphangiomas arising in the small intestine to date. The first patient was reported by Fang et al. in 2012. A small intestinal hemolymphangioma may lead to anemia and gastro-intestinal bleeding.

Case Presentation:
We report a case of jejunal hemolymphangioma in a 49-year-old man. The patient presented with melena and anemia. He underwent double balloon enteroscopy (DBE) the antegrade approach, which demonstrated a 3.0 cm segment of jejunum with nearly 75% of the circumferential lesion with blood remnant. The raised soft lesion was in the middle of the jejunum with white patches on the surface of the mucosa. Endoscopic biopsy was not performed to avoid secondary bleeding. The patient underwent laparotomy, and partial small intestine resection was performed. A 5.0cm segment of jejunum was resected with primary anastomosis. The patient had an uneventful postoperative recovery. Macroscopic pathological examination showed a cavernous, soft and compressible tumor. Microscopic examination showed a tumor which was composed of blood and lymphatic vessels mainly located in the submucosa. The definitive histological diagnosis was jejunal hemolymphangioma. During a follow-up of 2 years, there was no further gastrointestinal bleeding.

Conclusion:
Small intestinal hemolymphangioma is a rare benign tumor of which clinical manifesta-tions are nonspecific and accurate preoperative diagnosis is challenging. Endoscopic biopsy is not rec-ommended for hemolymphangioma of the gastrointestinal tract due to the risk of severe bleeding. Com-plete surgical resection of the hemolymphangioma is considered the most effective treatment for small intestinal hemolymphangioma.
The Knowledge of Awareness on Designing Physical Learning Environment for Autism
Authors: Ghazali Roslinda binti , Md Sakip Siti Rasidah , Samsuddin Ismail , Samra Heba 
Published: August 2021

Autism occurs in every racial and ethnic group gives a life-long impact to their affected relative. Conducive physical learning environment deliver benefit and helps autistic children improve their skill and performance. This research aims to develop a framework of the Physical Learning Environment, and this paper to determine the respondent knowledge of awareness on physical learning environment for autism. In summary, there are nine components involved: building scale, accessibility, wayfinding, toilet provision, window, ventilation/heating, threshold, legibility, and furniture. The significance of this research could contribute towards the creation of a quality environment for autistic children within the Malaysian context.
Keywords: Autism; physical learning environment; descriptive analysis.
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i17.2806
Potential ecological effects of the free-roaming horses Equus caballus (Perissodactyla: Equidae) on wild mammals: a review of current knowledge
Authors: Morera Chacón Brayan , Montalvo Guadamuz Víctor , Sánchez Porras Ronald , Carrillo Jiménez Eduardo 
Published: August 2021

Introduction: The horse (Equus caballus) is an adaptable large herbivore distributed in a wide range of terrestrial biomes that negatively affects ecosystems around the world. Most research on horse–ecosystems interactions have been focused on plants and soils, whereas horse effects on vertebrate species are poorly understanded. Objective: We aimed to synthesize, at a global scale, the effects of free-roaming horses on wild mammals. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review that included these words; "feral horses + competition ", "feral horses + interactions", "feral horses + impacts", "feral horses + effects", based on the “Web of Science” internet search engine. Results: We located 366 articles in our search, but only 14 peer-reviewed documents described the effects of horses on local wild mammals. Most studies were published in the last decade (64%), and were located in United States (64%). Additional information showed most studies used correlational approaches while experimental approaches were used less. The effect of horses on mammal taxonomic groups varied significantly, suggesting changes on habitat structure mostly affects vertebrate species such as small rodents. Nevertheless, large ungulates exhibited interference competition derived from presence of free-roaming horses. Conclusion: This review identified patterns and gaps in our current knowledge about the effect of horse presence on wild mammals, and can help to readdress further research. Therefore, we recommend careful monitoring of horses and their potential effects on wildlife by using species proxies such as ungulates and rodents to determine if the presence of horses in protected areas affects conservation objectives
The INFORMATION SYSTEM OF OFFICE CORRESPONDENCE AND ONLINE DISPOSITION
Authors: Ahmad Kasim Anita , Muhammad Bakri  , Wirdayanti  
Published: August 2021

The problems of correspondence efficiency and effectiveness as well as disposition in LPPM Universitas Tadulako related to manual management can be overcome by utilizing the current advanced technology. One of the utilization of advanced information technology is by using correspondence application system and online disposition. Correspondence management system is performed systematically and paperless which is also a solution during Covid-19 pandemics where all office administration is done from home.
This research was done to build online correspondence and disposition management system in LPPM instances of LPPM Universitas Tadulako. The information system of Office Correspondence and Online Disposition of the Research and Community Dedication Institution (LPPM) of Universitas Tadulako will form paperless work system in the institution, so that it is able to improve the effectiveness of administration management performance in LPPM in the effort to improve the quality of research and community dedication in Universitas Tadulako.