bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of therapeutic exercise and aerobic exercise programmes on pain, anxiety and oral health‐related quality of life in patients with temporomandibular disorders
Authors: Moleirinho‐Alves Paula Manuela Mendes , Almeida André Mariz Coelho Santos de , Exposto Fernado Gustavo , Oliveira Raul Alexandre Nunes da Silva , Pezarat‐Correia Pedro Luís Camecelha de 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundPain and anxiety contribute to decreasing quality of life related to oral health in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Evidence‐based practice has shown that therapeutic and aerobic exercise programmes are adequate strategies for modifying these factors.ObjectiveTo assess the effects of aerobic exercise on pain, anxiety and quality of life related to oral health in patients with TMD.MethodsForty‐five patients diagnosed with TMD were divided into three groups of 15 participants: a therapeutic exercise programme (G1, mean 26.9 ± 5.5 years), a therapeutic and aerobic exercise programme (G2, mean 26 ± 4.4 years) and an aerobic exercise programme (G3, mean 24.9 ± 3.4 years). Pain intensity was assessed using a numerical rating scale (NRS), anxiety level and quality of life related to oral health through GAD‐7 and OHIP‐14, respectively. These parameters were evaluated twice at baseline (T0a/T0b), ending 8‐week intervention period (T1) and 8–12 weeks after ending intervention (T2).ResultsNRS significantly decreased in G1 (mean difference T0a/T1 = 5.2, p ˂ .001), G2 (mean difference T0a/T1 = 6.0, p ˂ .001) and G3 (mean difference T0a/T1 = 2.2, p = 0.001). OHIP‐14 significantly decreased in G1 (mean difference T0a/T1 = 13.5, p ˂ .001) and G2 (mean difference T0a/T1 = 15.8, p ˂ 0.001) but not in G3 (mean difference T0a/T1 = 1.2, p = 0.55). There were no significant differences between groups regarding GAD‐7. Between T1 and T2, there were no significant differences in variables.ConclusionTherapeutic exercises and therapeutic excercises combined with aerobic exercise groups had a significant decrease in pain and oral health‐related quality of life at 8 and 12 weeks. These decreases were not seen for the aerobic exercise group.
Generalist, selective or ‘mixed’ foragers? Feeding strategies of two tropical toads across suburban habitats
Authors: Petrozzi F. , Akani G. C. , Eniang E. A. , Ajong S. N. , Funk S. M. , Fa J. E. , Amadi N. , Dendi D. , Luiselli L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSuitable habitats for anurans can be found in the ever‐growing tropical urban environments but anurans' adaptations to urban conditions, including their trophic ecology remain largely unknown. We studied the food habits of two generalist, widespread West African Sclerophrys adult toads: African common (Sclerophrys regularis) and Hallowell's toad (Sclerophrys maculata). The first was studied in Lomé (Togo), Cotonou (Benin) and Ikeja (Nigeria), and the second in Port Harcourt and Ikeja (both Nigeria); the latter city represents the only studied sympatric occurrence. Mean dietary overlap between population pairs was relatively high, and diet composition of the two species when sympatric did not differ significantly. Food niche width was significantly positively correlated with local rainfall in both species, and diet composition changed significantly between the dry and wet seasons. Diversity metrics revealed that females had a more diversified diet, with higher evenness and lower dominance index values than males. The diet of both species was not correlated to prey type availability, in both the wet and dry season. Both toad species targeted specific food items rather than opportunistically consume prey as observed in most anurans which may be a response to high anuran diversity typically found in the tropics or an adjustment to urban habitats.
Conducting qualitative research in the new norms: Are we ready?
Authors: Abdul Rashid Nor'ain , Lee Khuan , Jamil Nurul Akma 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has considerably hampered research practices, putting many research activities on hold. Researchers may experience difficulties arising from the unprecedented challenge, specifically during the data collection process. The main difficulties include delayed projects due to the movement control order imposed by the government. However, the advancement of information technology and the broad use of smartphones have favorable implications on qualitative research during the pandemic. This article is based on two qualitative researchers' experience doing fieldwork, specifically the difficulties encountered by the research teams and the strategies adopted to ensure the success of the projects. Both research projects used in‐depth interviews as the main method for data collection. Reflective journals and field notes were used to enhance the quality of information obtained in both studies. It is hoped that this article may benefit other qualitative researchers by facilitating a successful data collection process during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Attenuation of cytosolic translation by RNA oxidation is involved in singlet oxygen‐mediated transcriptomic responses
Authors: Koh Eugene , Cohen Dekel , Brandis Alexander , Fluhr Robert 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSinglet oxygen (1O2) production is associated with stress signalling. Here, using Arabidopsis as a model system, we study the effects of the accumulation of 8‐hydroxyguanosine (8‐oxoG), a major product of 1O2‐mediated RNA oxidation. We show that 8‐oxoG can accumulate in vivo when 1O2 is produced in the cytoplasm. Conditions for such production include the application of RB in the light, dark‐to‐light transitions in the flu mutant, or subjecting plants to combined dehydration/light exposure. Transcriptomes of these treatments displayed a significant overlap with transcripts stimulated by the cytosolic 80S ribosomal translation inhibitors, cycloheximide and homoharringtonine. We demonstrate that 8‐oxoG accumulation correlates with a decrease in RNA translatability, resulting in the rapid decrease of the levels of labile gene repressor elements such as IAA1 and JAZ1 in a proteasome‐dependent manner. Indeed, genes regulated by the labile repressors of the jasmonic acid signalling pathway were induced by cycloheximide, RB or dehydration/light treatment independently of the hormone. The results suggest that 1O2, by oxidizing RNA, attenuated cellular translatability and caused specific genes to be released from the repression of their cognate short half‐life repressors. The findings here describe a novel means of gene regulation via the direct interaction of 1O2 with RNA.
A case for conserving plant pathogens
Authors: Ingram David S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA case is made for the counter‐intuitive proposal that plant pathologists and plant pathological societies should consider the development of policies for the conservation of plant pathogens. First the report of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, entitled The State of the World's Plants and Fungi 2020, is reviewed briefly. Next, the reasons why plant pathologists should take this report seriously are outlined and the risks to plant pathogen diversity assessed. In this section and all that follow, the paper focuses on fungal (sensu lato) pathogens, although it is suggested that the general principles developed apply to most plant pathogens, whatever their taxonomic status. There then follows an assessment of native plant pathogens in the functioning, stability, and productivity of unmanaged and partially managed plant populations and communities. It is concluded that there is now compelling and growing evidence that very many do play a significant role. Also assessed, more briefly, is the actual or potential value of plant pathogens to human activities, such as selecting for novel disease‐resistance factors in evolving populations of wild crop relatives, developing novel, sustainable plant disease and weed control strategies, use in industrial processes, and use as model systems for research. New and evolving genomics technologies are likely to facilitate significantly the study or selection of the benefits of plant pathogens to ecosystems or human activities. Potential strategies for the conservation of plant pathogens are outlined briefly, including in situ in unmanaged and partially managed ecosystems and centres of diversity of the progenitors of crop species, and ex situ in culture, spore, DNA, and herbarium collections. In these and many other areas of plant pathology, citizen science research groups have a potentially significant role. It is concluded that there is a strong case for plant pathologists and plant pathological societies to develop and act upon strategies for the conservation and sustainable use of plant pathogens.
Exceptional preservation of a barred shoreline under forced‐regressive conditions (Lower Cretaceous, Neuquén Basin, Argentina)
Authors: Isla Manuel F. , Olivo Mariana S. , Zuazo Jerónimo J. , Schwarz Ernesto , Veiga Gonzalo D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractForced‐regressive conditions have been widely described by sequence‐stratigraphic conceptual models, and the resulting deposits have been widely documented in sequences and parasequences. However, how forced‐regressive conditions might impact on the short‐term to mid‐term evolution and the high‐resolution stratigraphic record (102to 105kyr) of barred shoreline environments represents an unexplored issue. This contribution presents a bedset characterization of Lower Cretaceous, barred shoreline deposits accumulated after a relative sea‐level fall. Parasequence PS400 of the Pilmatué Member in the Neuquén Basin (Argentina) comprises several bedsets, most of them bounded by transgressive surfaces. However, one of them, the bedset BS400.5, is bounded below by a high‐relief surface of truncation, here interpreted as an erosional regressive surface. This surface indicates incision of the underlying deposits and the onset of forced‐regressive conditions at intra–parasequence scale. The internal architecture of the studied bedset exhibits seaward‐dipping clinoforms that bound clinothems within the upper‐shoreface deposits. These clinoforms were interpreted as the result of seaward‐shifting events during the shoreline progradation. A sequence‐stratigraphic conceptual model is proposed for the high‐frequency evolution of a barred shoreline under forced‐regressive conditions. The model explains how the intra–bedset evolution under low and stillstand sea‐level conditions and cross‐shore imbalances in the sediment budget controlled the exceptional preservation of bar and rip‐channel deposits.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐A*24:538 allele by sequencing‐based typing
Authors: Cargou Marine , Elsermans Vincent , Top Isabelle , Ralazamahaleo Mamy , Visentin Jonathan 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTHLA‐A*24:538 differs from HLA‐A*24:02:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon −21 in exon 1.
Enhanced Longitudinal Heat Transfer in Oscillatory Channel Flow—A Theoretical Perspective
Authors: van Buren Simon H. , Polifke Wolfgang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Enhanced longitudinal heat transfer in viscous, laminar, single-phase, oscillatory channel flow is investigated in this paper. Kurzweg (ASME J. Heat Transfer-Trans. ASME. 107, 1985) analyzed this case theoretically and derived a correlation for a nondimensionalized effective thermal conductivity in terms of Prandtl and Womersley numbers. The present investigation contributes analysis of limiting cases and physical interpretation to the results of Kurzweg. A simplified model with isothermal walls is proposed, applicable if working fluid and channel wall material exhibit sufficiently large differences in thermal inertia. Examined over a wide range of Womersley numbers, this model reveals six distinct regimes characterized by the Prandtl number of the fluid. The respective thickness of hydrodynamic and thermal boundary layers relative to the channel width is relevant in this context. Maximum effective thermal conductivity is attained when the thermal boundary layer expands over the full channel width. The influence of Womersley number is discussed and explained in terms of the interplay of hydrodynamic and thermal flow characteristics. These patterns reveal either quasi-steady parabolic or oscillating bulk characteristics. The importance of the thermal boundary layer thickness motivates the introduction of a new nondimensional group, making it easier to classify the various regimes of enhanced longitudinal heat transfer.
Prognostics and Health Management Features for Large Circuit Boards to Be Implemented Into Electric Drivetrain Applications
Authors: Otto A. , Kaulfersch E. , Singh P. , Romano C. , Hildebrandt M. , Rzepka S. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Canary structures being used as early warning indicators represent an important tool for condition and health monitoring of electronic components and systems. In this paper, printed circuit boards (PCBs) with canary structures based on surface mounted device (SMD)-2512 ceramic chip resistors with reduced solder pad sizes were studied. Focus of these investigations was set on thermomechanical and mechanical stresses caused by passive thermal cycling as well as by vibrational loads. For this purpose, experimental methods such as deformation analysis and accelerated aging tests as well as finite element (FE) based methods were applied. In addition, an outlook on the implementation of these canary structures into dual inverter electronic control boards for electrical powertrain applications will be given.
Eocene thickening without extra heat in a collisional orogenic belt: A record from Eocene metamorphism in mafic dike swarms within the Tethyan Himalaya, southern Tibet
Authors: Wang Yuhua , Zeng Lingsen , Gao Li-E , Chen Zhenyu , Li Sanzhong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Knowledge of the nature of the earliest metamorphism experienced by collisional orogenic belts is essential for reconstruction of tectonic processes that build high mountain chains and their environmental consequences. Understanding the metamorphic nature of Eohimalayan-phase orogeny of the Himalayan orogen, one of the typical examples of orogenic belts worldwide, could provide some important constraints to test different tectonic models (shallow continental subduction vs. slab breakoff) for the early phases of the development of large-scale orogenic belts. As exhumed middle- to lower-crustal rocks in the Kangmar gneiss dome, the garnet amphibolites with a protolith age of 176.4 ± 3.6 Ma experienced a phase of metamorphism at 47.2 ± 1.8 Ma with an increase in pressure as well as temperature from 3–5 kbar and 550–600 °C to over ~11 kbar and 650 °C. This suggests that the middle- to lower-crustal rocks experienced heating at least by ~50 °C while they underwent compression and thickening. Heat-flow estimation further demonstrates that the self-produced heat was high enough to achieve the observed pressure-temperature conditions recorded by the garnet amphibolite. Therefore, an additional heat supply is not required during early Eocene metamorphism. A breakoff of the leading part of the subducting Indian continental slab, if it occurred, should be younger than ca. 47 Ma.
Risk factors for musculoskeletal-related occupational disability among US Army soldiers
Authors: Clifton Daniel R , Nelson D A , Choi Y S , Edgeworth D B , Nelson K J , Shell D , Deuster P A 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionMinimising temporary and permanent disability associated with musculoskeletal conditions (MSK-D) is critical to the mission of the US Army. Prior research has identified potentially actionable risk factors for overall military disability and its MSK-D subset, including elevated body mass index, tobacco use and physical fitness. However, prior work does not appear to have addressed the impact of these factors on MSK-D when controlling for a full range of factors that may affect health behaviours, including aptitude scores that may serve as a proxy for health literacy. Identifying risk factors for MSK-D when providing control for all such factors may inform efforts to improve military readiness.MethodsWe studied 494 757 enlisted Army soldiers from 2014 to 2017 using a combined medical and administrative database. Leveraging data from the Army’s digital‘eProfile’system of duty restriction records, we defined MSK-D as the first restriction associated with musculoskeletal conditions and resulting in the inability to deploy or train. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression to assess the associations between incident MSK-D and selected risk factors including aptitude scores, physical fitness test scores, body mass index and tobacco use.ResultsAmong the subjects, 281 278 (45.14%) experienced MSK-D. In the MSK-D hazards model, the highest effect size was for failing the physical fitness test (adjusted HR=1.63, 95% CI 1.58 to 1.67, p<0.001) compared with scoring ≥290 points.ConclusionsThe analysis revealed the strongest associations between physical fitness and MSK-D. Additional efforts are warranted to determine potential mechanisms for the observed associations between selected factors and MSK-D.
Impact of the introduction of falls risk assessment toolkit on falls prevention and psychotropic medicines’ utilisation in Walsall: an interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Aladul Mohammed Ibrahim , Patel Bharat , Chapman Stephen Robert 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveTo determine the impact of the introduction of a falls risk assessment toolkit (FRAT) in a UK medical centre on the number and cost of non-elective admissions for falls and psychotropic medication utilisation.DesignInterrupted time series analysis quantifying the number and cost of non-elective admissions for falls and primary care use data for Rushall Medical Centre before and after the implementation of FRAT at July 2017.SettingData on the monthly number and cost of non-elective admissions for falls and number of referrals and assessment to the falls service were provided by Walsall Clinical Commissioning Group. Primary care prescribing cost and volume data for Rushall Medical Centre was derived from the Openprescribing.net website for prescriptions dispensed between April 2015 and November 2018.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe number and cost of non-elective admissions for falls and number of referrals and assessment to the falls service, and the volume of utilisation of psychotropic medicines.ResultsFollowing the implementation of FRAT at Rushall Medical Centre in July 2017, the number of non-elective admissions for falls decreased at a rate of 0.414 admissions per month (p<0.033, 95% CI –0.796 to –0.032). The utilisation of psychotropic medications (alimemazine, citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine, mirtazapine, olanzapine and risperidone) decreased. The expenditure on psychotropic medications prescribed/used at Rushall Medical Centre decreased by at least £986 per month (p<0.001, 95% CI –2067 to –986).ConclusionsThe implementation of FRAT at Rushall Medical Centre was associated with a reduction in the number of non-elective admissions for falls. Assessment of these patients together with deprescribing of psychotropic medications resulted in a reduction in the number of non-elective admissions for falls and associated costs.
Developing a collaborative learning framework for resilience in healthcare: a study protocol
Authors: Haraldseid-Driftland Cecilie , Aase Karina , Wiig Siri , Billett Stephen 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionResilience in healthcare (RiH) can be conceptualised as the adaptive capacities of a healthcare system that allow it to maintain the delivery of high-quality care during and after events that challenge, change or disrupt its activities. These adaptive capacities require collaborative learning and working, as the complexities of changes and challenges can rarely be addressed by individuals alone or single healthcare disciplinary knowledge. So, there is a need to understand how collaborative learning practices can be developed and supported both intra and inter disciplinary in healthcare. The aim of the study is to explore the relationship between collaborative learning, and resilience to establish a framework that supports the development and application of adaptive capacities across diverse healthcare contexts and levels. Collaborative learning is premised on learning as something that occurs continuously through everyday work in the healthcare systems as professionals engaging in clinical work, and interacting with other coworkers, patients and stakeholders making local adaptations in respond to needs.Method and analysisThe study applies a mixed methods design in a two-phased approach to explore and develop the relationship between collaborative learning and resilience. Phase One is exploratory using literature review, meta-synthesis, interviews and focus groups as data collection methods in empirical studies in different healthcare contexts. Phase Two uses participatory approach to develop and test a collaborative learning framework followed by an evaluation to appraise its utility using observation and focus groups as data collection procedures.Ethics and disseminationPhase One of the study is approved by the Norwegian Centre for Research Data (reference no. 864334). The findings will be disseminated through scientific articles, presentations at international conferences and through social media and popular press. This includes establishing a set of learning tools for adaptive use, that is made publicly available in Open Access repositories.
Introducing patient and public involvement practices to healthcare research in Austria: strategies to promote change at multiple levels
Authors: Kaisler Raphaela E , Kulnik Stefan Tino , Klager Elisabeth , Kletecka-Pulker Maria , Schaden Eva , Stainer-Hochgatterer Andreas 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundPatient and public involvement (PPI) in research is well-established in the UK. However, it can be challenging to introduce PPI to research communities where there is limited prior knowledge, experience or appreciation of PPI. We aimed to explore current PPI practices, experiences and ethical and operational challenges with PPI within our own research community in Austria, to inform strategies for supporting PPI in Austria going forward.MethodsWe surveyed scientists at 21 research institutes of the Ludwig Boltzmann Gesellschaft (LBG) and representatives of 32 medical and university research ethics committees in Austria using online questionnaires. We analysed quantitative data using descriptive statistics, and we collated textual responses to open questions. We combined survey data with anecdotal evidence from our personal experience to summarise current challenges around implementing PPI in Austria.ResultsNineteen scientists from nine research institutes indicated generally positive attitudes towards PPI. However, the majority reported they rarely or never involved patients and members of the public in roles of consultation, collaboration or control in research. Six of eight ethics committees were unfamiliar with PPI. We discern five current challenges to implementing PPI in Austria: lack of knowledge and skills for PPI among scientists, scepticism about the usefulness of PPI, conflation of PPI with qualitative research, uncertainty about ethical requirements for PPI and uncertainty about publishing PPI activities.DiscussionWe suggest that the provision of guidance about ethical requirements of PPI is a strategic priority. To address this, and following on from a recently introduced PPI training and grant scheme by the LBG, our surveys have initiated a dialogue with ethics committees and have informed the development of a checklist for ethical aspects of PPI.ConclusionOur experiences may provide useful examples to others who seek to introduce or strengthen PPI practices within their own research communities.