bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LICENCIAS CREATIVE COMMONS: ALGUNAS CONSIDERACIONES. CREATIVE COMMONS LICENSE: SOME CONSIDERATIONS
Authors: Mora-Vicarioli Francisco 
Published: January 2021

En momentos en que la web ofrece una interminable cantidad de información y recursos valiosos para la educación, se debe tener presente que no todos los materiales que se encuentran en internet son de uso libre. La mayor parte está sujeta a derechos de autor y restricciones para su uso. Por ello, desde hace varios años se han estado implementando las licencias Creative Commons, que permiten utilizar de manera más flexible materiales como artículos e imágenes con sus beneficios y limitaciones,con lo cual, el autor puede definir los términos en que pueden ser utilizados sus trabajos, y en especial si podría ser modificado o utilizado, ya sea, con fines educativos o comerciales. Palabras clave: derechos de autor, copyright, copyleft, Creative Commons, licencias. AbstractAt a time when the web offers an endless amount of valuable information and resources for education, it must be remembered that not all materials found on the internet are free to use. Most are subject to copyright and use restrictions. Thus, for several years have been implementing Creative Commons licenses that allow more flexible use of materials such as articles and pictures with their benefits and limitations with which the author can define the terms under which their work can be used especially if it could be modified or used either for educational or commercial.Keywords: copyright, copyleft, Creative Commons, licenses.
¿PUEDE EL BURNOUT AFECTAR AL ESTUDIANTADO UNIVERSITARIO?. CAN BURNOUT AFFECT THE UNIVERSITY’S STUDENTS?
Authors: León-León Giselle 
Published: January 2021

En este artículo se explica cómo los estudiantes, en su proceso de formación universitaria, pueden ser afectados por el Síndrome de Burnout, el cual se presenta como una manifestación del estrés crónico, producto de las condiciones psicológicas y sociales del proceso de formación, las cuales pueden desencadenar actitudes y sentimientos negativos que afectan su desempeño y la percepción de la carrera. El estudio se llevó a cabo con la colaboración de 20 estudiantes de segundo nivel de una carrera de enseñanza de la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica. La información fue recopilada mediante la aplicación del test de Maslach, adaptado especialmente para la muestra estudiada y por medio de una serie de preguntas abiertas. Ambos instrumentos permitieron identificar el nivel de Burnout estudiantil y algunos de los factores que influyen en su manifestación, respectivamente. Entre los resultados, es importante notar que los estudiantes se ven afectados por cansancio emocional, relacionado con factores curriculares y sociales, generados por el estrés (sobrecarga académica, acceso a la tecnología, mediación docente en el aula, doble rol).Palabras clave: Síndrome de Burnout, estudiantes, formación universitaria, factores.AbstractThis article explains how students in their university training process can be affected by the burnout syndrome, which is presented as a manifestation of chronic stress, resulting from psychological and social conditions of the training process, which can trigger negative attitudes and feelings affect their performance and perception of race. The study was carried out with the collaboration of 20 students from second level of a teaching career at the National University of Costa Rica. The information was collected by applying the test of Maslach, adapted especially for the study sample and through a series of open questions. Both tools helped identify the level of student burnout and some of the factors that influence their expression, respectively. Among the results, it is important to note that students are affected by emotional exhaustion, related to curricular and social factors, generated by stress (academic overload, access to technology in the classroom teaching mediation, double role).Keywords: The Burnout Syndrome, students, university training, factors.
UN MUNDO MÁS HUMANO EN LAS AULAS UNIVERSITARIAS: LA VOZ DE LAS ESTUDIANTES. A MORE HUMAN WORLD IN THE UNIVERSITY CLASSROOMS: THE VOICE OF STUDENTS.
Authors: Hernández-Segura Ana María 
Published: January 2021

Este artículo pretende divulgar los avances de los hallazgosde la investigación doctoral “La Formación de un docente reflexivo con rostro humano: La voz de estudiantes y profesores”. Este estudio desea aportar al mejoramiento del perfil del docente que demanda la realidad actual y contribuir con insumos que movilicen hacia unaformación docente con verdadera capacidad reflexiva y crítica.Además, llama a la reflexión del papel que estamos asumiendo en las interacciones del aula universitaria, como profesores responsables de la formación de los futuros educadores, en el sentido si es un papel reproductor de desigualdades sociales o transformador, para lograr unaeducación humanizadora. Este documento es el producto de una investigación cualitativa, que utiliza la combinación del método fenomenológico y hermenéutico para develar la perspectivaque tienen las estudiantes de una formación docente con rostro humano. Palabras clave: Formación docente, dimensión humana, docencia universitaria. AbstractThis article aims to disclose the progress of doctoral research findings "The Formation of a reflective practitioner with a human face: The voice of students and teachers." These study desires to contribute to improving the profile of the teacher who demand the current reality and mobilize inputs contribute to a true teacher training and critical reflective capacity. In addition, calls for reflection of the role that we are assuming in college classroom interactions, as teachers responsible for the training of future teachers, meaning if a role player or transforming social inequalities, to achieve a humanizing education. This document is the product of a qualitative research that uses a combination of phenomenological and hermeneutical method to uncover the prospect that the students have a teacher training with a human face. Keywords: Teacher training, human dimension, university teaching.
LA PARTICIPACIÓN INFANTIL Y LA CONVIVENCIA EN ESPACIOS ESCOLARES: UNA EXPERIENCIA PARA SU MEJORA EN LA EDUCACIÓN PRIMARIA.
Authors: Serrano-Arenas Denys , Victorino-Ramírez Liberio 
Published: January 2021

Es prioritario brindarles medios a las niñas y los niños para cambiar su autoconcepción de sujetos a agentes de cambio, que no solo viven conforme a las condiciones que les tocó vivir, sino que tienen el poder colectivo de cambiar su entorno a través de la acción organizada. Para ello, la participación es un bien esencial, un derecho de las niñas y los niños que permite vincular a las personas a través de la expresión de intereses, preocupaciones y deseos. Partiendo de la implementación de un programa de participación infantil, se realizó la presente investigación con un grupo escolar, el cual, permitió conocer la relación entre el aumento de la responsabilidad con su entorno y el interés de seguir realizando prácticas participativas.Abstract It’s a priority to give girls and boys means to change their self-conception from subjects to agents of change, that they not only live according to the conditions they live in, but that they have the collective power to change their environment through organized action. The participation is an essential good, a right for girls and boys, which allows them to gather people through the expression of interests, preoccupations and desires. Starting from an implementation of a child participatory program, the present investigation was realized with a school group, which allowed us to know the relationship between the increase of responsibility with their environment and the interest to keep having a participatory practice. Keywords: participation, values, action and citizen.
PROPUESTA EVALUATIVA ALTERNA PARA EL CURSO QUÍMICA I, UNED CASO: PLAN REMEDIAL
Authors: Castillo-Rodríguez Kenneth , Hernández-Chaverri Rodolfo 
Published: January 2021

El fundamento de este estudio es analizar la propuesta de Plan Educativo Remedial para el curso Química I. Plan Educativo Remedial es un curso que creó la Cátedra de Ciencias Químicas de manera conjunta con el Programa de Orientación y Atención Psicoeducativa de la Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED), para ayudar a todos aquellos estudiantes que tienen problemas de repitencia en la asignatura de Química I (3114). Se ha visto que la promoción a través de los años ha sido muy baja, no supera el 23%. Durante todo el año 2014 y primer cuatrimestre de 2015 se matricularon 307 estudiantes bajo este plan remedial, y aprobaron 112, desertaron 46 y reprobaron 149 estudiantes. De los estudiantes aprobados 52% eran hombres y 48% mujeres. El centro universitario en donde aprobaron más de estudiantes fue en el centro universitario de Pérez Zeledón, seguido del de Ciudad Neilly. El curso cumplió con las expectativas de mejorar la promoción ya que, en el tercer cuatrimestre de 2014 y primer cuatrimestre de 2015 la tasa de aprobación fue superior al 52% de los matriculados en el plan, se espera que aumente con el pasar del tiempo.Abstract The object of this study is to analyze the proposed Remedial Plan for I Chemistry course. Remedial Plan is a course that created the Department of Chemical Sciences of the Open University (UNED), to help those students who have problems of repetition in the subject of Chemistry I (3114), the promotion through the years has been very low, not exceeding 23% . During 2014 and first quarter of 2015, 307 students were enrolled under this remedial plan, and approved 112, deserted 46 and 149 students flunked. Students approved 52 % were male and 48 % female. The CU where more number of students was approved was Perez Zeledon followed by Ciudad Neilly. The course if met expectations to improve the promotion because, in the third quarter of 2014 and first quarter of 2015 the approval rate was higher than 52% of those enrolled in the plan, is expected to increase with the passage of time.Keywords: Chemistry I, Plan Remedial, Retention, Evaluation, Passing, Failure
EL EFECTO DE LA CALIDAD EN UN PROGRAMA DE ESTUDIO ACREDITADOS: CASO DEL BACHILLERATO EN LA ENSEÑANZA DEL INGLÉS EN LA UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL, COSTA RICA
Authors: Chaves-Fernández Lindsay A. , Rojas-Cerdas Didier , Chaves-Carballo Olga L. 
Published: January 2021

La Escuela de Literatura y Ciencias del Lenguaje de la Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica posee un Bachillerato en la Enseñanza del Inglés, acreditado por SINAES desde el año 2006. Este artículo presenta una investigación acerca del alcance de esta carrera en la preparación adecuada de sus estudiantes. Para realizar esta investigación, los estudiantes de primer ingreso, así como los de cuarto año realizaron una encuesta sobre la acreditación y el plan de estudios, respectivamente. Los resultados muestran que más del 94% de los estudiantes están informados sobre la acreditación, y manifiestan satisfacción con las competencias pedagógicas y lingüísticas adquiridas en su plan de estudios. Los investigadores concluyen que este bachillerato está cumpliendo con los objetivos de mejora permanente que implica tener una carrera acreditada.Abstract The School of Literature and Languages of the Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica has a Bachelor’s Degree in English Teaching, accredited by SINAES since the year 2006. This article presents a research about the scope of this major on the students’ adequate education. Freshmen students of the major answered a survey related to their awareness regarding the accreditation, and senior students answered a questionnaire about the quality of the major’s curriculum. The results show that over 94% of the students are informed about the accreditation, and express satisfactory feelings about the pedagogical and linguistic competencies acquired in the major. The researchers conclude that this degree is accomplishing the objectives of the ongoing improvement required by SINAES accreditation.Keywords: English teaching, quality, accreditation, curriculum, English teachers.
BLIND AND INCREMENTAL OR DIRECTED AND DISRUPTIVE? ON THE NATURE OF NOVEL VARIATION IN HUMAN CULTURAL EVOLUTION
Authors: Mesoudi Alex 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMany scholars have rejected cultural evolutionary theory on the grounds that cultural variation is directed and intentionally created, rather than incremental and blind with respect to function, as is the case for novel genetic variation in genetic evolution. Meanwhile, some cultural evolution researchers insist that cultural variation is blind and undirected, and the only directional force is selection of randomly-generated variants. Here I argue that neither of these positions are tenable. Cultural variation is directed in various ways. While this does not invalidate cultural evolution, more attention should be paid to the different sources of non-randomness in culturally evolving systems.
Using Tableau to Analyze the Effects of Tax Code Changes: A Teaching Case for Tax and AIS Courses
Authors: Sledgianowski Deb , Petra Steven T. , Pelaez Alexander , Zhu Jianbing 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
This teaching case enables taxation and accounting information systems (AIS) students to use data analytics software to analyze a large dataset of simulated federal individual income tax returns to identify possible effects of tax changes on different categories of individual taxpayers. Tax return data provided for the case is a large sample that represents the population of U.S. tax returns filed, created from a simulation using distributions based on prevailing economic theories about income and most recent tax return filing statistics available from Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Statistics of Income (SOI). Students will learn to: (1) develop foundational skills and knowledge related to data analytics and how those skills can be used to visualize data to make it more meaningful, (2) demonstrate an understanding of Internal Revenue Code as it pertains to individual taxation, and (3) demonstrate knowledge of how Internal Revenue Code affects different types of filers.
The Downside of a Discharged Student Loan
Authors: Conn Carolyn , Single Louise E. , Proschko Christopher R. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
This case engages students by featuring a relatable scenario of a new accounting professional being asked by a friend for help filing his individual tax return. The friend's return is more complex than expected because of unclear filing requirements related to his discharged student loan debt and his disability status. An amended return may be needed for a previous year, in part because of a reportedly erroneous W-2 from a former employer; and taxpayer withdrawals from an employer-sponsored tax-deferred savings account. Requirements include researching and documenting federal tax law, using judgement to make recommendations within the context of conflicting information, and evaluating the ethical implications of a friend's assistance as well as professional codes of conduct. Students are also asked to write a client memo. This case will be of particular interest to students who are considering tax careers. It is appropriate for undergraduate and graduate tax courses.
The SEE Study: Safety, Efficacy, and Equity of Implementing Autonomous Artificial Intelligence for Diagnosing Diabetic Retinopathy in Youth
Authors: Wolf Risa M. , Liu T.Y. Alvin , Thomas Chrystal , Prichett Laura , Zimmer-Galler Ingrid , Smith Kerry , Abramoff Michael D. , Channa Roomasa 
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision loss worldwide. Screening for DR is recommended in children and adolescents, but adherence is poor. Recently, autonomous artificial intelligence (AI) systems have been developed for early detection of DR and have been included in the American Diabetes Association’s guidelines for screening in adults. We sought to determine the diagnostic efficacy of autonomous AI for the diabetic eye exam in youth with diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In this prospective study, point-of-care diabetic eye exam was implemented using a nonmydriatic fundus camera with an autonomous AI system for detection of DR in a multidisciplinary pediatric diabetes center. Sensitivity, specificity, and diagnosability of AI was compared with consensus grading by retinal specialists, who were masked to AI output. Adherence to screening guidelines was measured before and after AI implementation.

RESULTS
Three hundred ten youth with diabetes aged 5–21 years were included, of whom 4.2% had DR. Diagnosability of AI was 97.5% (302 of 310). The sensitivity and specificity of AI to detect more-than-mild DR was 85.7% (95% CI 42.1–99.6%) and 79.3% (74.3–83.8%), respectively, compared with the reference standard as defined by retina specialists. Adherence improved from 49% to 95% after AI implementation.

CONCLUSIONS
Use of a nonmydriatic fundus camera with autonomous AI was safe and effective for the diabetic eye exam in youth in our study. Adherence to screening guidelines improved with AI implementation. As the prevalence of diabetes increases in youth and adherence to screening guidelines remains suboptimal, effective strategies for diabetic eye exams in this population are needed.
INSECT PESTS IN AGROECOSYSTEM WHERE THREE CORN VARIETIES WERE GROWN UNDER CONSERVATION VERSUS FULL TILLAGE SYSTEM IN NATAR, SOUTH LAMPUNG IN 2001 GROWING SEASON
Authors: Susilo F.X. , Gede Swibawa I 
Published: January 2021

Serangga hama pada pertanaman jagung yang dibudidayakan dengan olah tanah konservasi di Natar Lampung Selatan pada musim tanam 2001. Penelitian sebelumnya (musim penghujan 2000) menunjukkan bahwa serangga yang berpotensi menjadi hama tanaman jagung di Lampung Selatan adalah lalat bibit jagung (LBJ) (Atherigona sp.) yang tidak selalu dapat diatasi dengan perlakuan benih dan penggerek tongkol (Helicoverpa armigera) yang serangannya terbatas pada ujung tongkol. Penelitian pada tahun ini (musim kemarau 2001) dilakukan untuk menjawab beberapa pertanyan berikut: (1) Apakah ada serangga lain yang berpotensi menjadi hama pada tiga varietas jagung yang dibudidayakan dengan olah tanah konservasi (OTK) versus olah tanah penuh (OTP)? dan (2) Sejauh manakah serangan lalat bibit jagung dan Helicoverpa pada tahun ini? Informasi terkini yang diperoleh adalah sebagai berikut. Selain diserang oleh LBJ dan Helicoverpa, pertanaman jagung tahun ini diserang pula oleh wereng coklat (WCJ) (Nilaparvata sp.) dan penggerek batang (PBJ) (Ostrinia sp.) Serangan LBJ dapat menyebabkan berkurangnya populasi tanaman produktif sebesar < 1% dan 4—12%, berturut-turut pada sistem OTK dan OTP. Dibandingkan dengan pemulsaan (kegiatan utama dalam OTK), perlakuan benih menggunakan insektisida imidacloprid kurang efektif untuk mengendalikan serangan LBJ. WCJ cenderung lebih menyerang pertanaman jagung (apa pun varietasnya) yang dibudidayakan dengan OTK. Belum nampak adanya kecenderungan serangan PBJ pada salah satu varietas jagung atau pada satu di antara dua sistem olah tanah yang diuji. Selain menyerang tongkol seperti pada tahun sebelumnya, Helicoverpa pada tahun ini juga menyerang daun. Pada tahun ini serangan pada tongkol berlanjut sehingga menimbulkan kerusakan biji.
PERKEMBANGAN POPULASI KUTU PERISAI AULACASPIS TEGALENSIS ZEHNTNER (HOMOPTERA: DIASPIDIDAE) DAN PENGARUH TINGKAT SERANGANNYA TERHADAP PENURUNAN HASIL TEBU DI PT GUNUNG MADU PLANTATIONS, LAMPUNG TENGAH
Authors: Sunaryo Sunaryo , Hasibuan Rosma 
Published: January 2021

Population development of a scale insect Aulacaspis tegalensis Zehntner (Homoptera: Diaspididae) and effect of its infestation on sugarcane yield loss in PT Gunung Madu Plantations, Central Lampung. Sugarcane scale insect, Aulacaspis tegalensis, is a new major pest of sugarcane in PT Gunung Madu Plantations (GMP). A survey was conducted at the experimental station of the Research and Development Division of PT GMP to investigate the population growth of the pest and effects of their infestation on sugarcane production. The first study indicated that the population of the pest started to grow when the host plants were at the age of 8 months and reached a peak (300 individuals/stem) on mature sugarcane plants (11 month old). A low population of the pest at younger sugarcane plants might be due to the fact that during their first seven months of growth, sugarcane plants had no stem or even if they had, the leaf sheaths were still closedly intact to the stem, while the scale insects could live and survive optimally at the internodes under the leaf sheaths. The second study showed that the first pest outbreak occurred in 2000 which covered 162.27 ha of sugarcane fields. In the year of 2001, the infested area increased significantly (up to 1157.93 ha). In addition, the effect of the scale insect infestation caused an enormous yield loss. The losses could be expressed as the reductions in: stem weight, pol (polarisation, sucrose content), brix (total soluble solids), and sugar contents.
EARLY DETECTION OF TRICHOGRAMMA CHILONIS SEXES USING THE EGG COLOR AND SIZE OF ITS FACTITIOUS HOST, CORCYRA CEPHALONICA
Authors: Susilo F.X. , S. Romli Desta , Sunaryo Sunaryo , Solikhin M. 
Published: January 2021

Early Detection of Trichogramma chilonis sexes using the egg color and size of its factitious host Corcyra cephalonica. This study was aimed to detect the sexes of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) prior to their emergence using the egg color and size of their factitious host, Corcyra cephalonica (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). A gray scale of 1 – 7 was used to rank the egg color while a micrometer was used to observe the egg size under a dissecting microscope. Ten of newly laid C. cephalonica eggs were glued in two rows (0.5 cm x 0.4 cm distance) on a piece of oviposition paper. Five replications of such batches were exposed in a test tube to a gravid T. chilonis female for 24 hours under 100 watts of illumination. Following the withdrawal from the oviposition arena the eggs were each observed daily for their color and size and the sex of the emerged T. chilonis progeny was documented. Binomial Z-test at 0.05 level of significance was used to validate the predicted proportion of T. chilonis sexes from five batches of 50 parasitized C. cephalonica eggs. The results showed as predicted that more T. chilonis female progeny emerged from light-colored C. cephalonica eggs (scale 2 – 5) following oviposition by parent parasitoid or from larger C. cephalonica eggs (> 500 µm).