bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Middle Eocene‐Oligocene anatexis and exhumation of the Greater Himalayan Sequence in central Nepal
Authors: Xu Zhiqin , Wang Qin , Dong Hanwen , Cao Hui , Li Guangwei , Liang Fenghua , Rai Santa Man , Kylander‐Clark Andrew , Adhikari Santosh , Ji Shaocheng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe present structural analysis and zircon and monazite geochronology of the Greater Himalayan Sequence (GHS) in the Kali Gandaki valley, central Nepal. Although the foliation is moderately NE‐dipping, the upper GHS shows a top‐to‐WNW shear sense, whereas the lower GHS developed top‐to‐SW ductile shear zones. Quartz fabrics from mylonitic gneisses indicate deformation temperature from >650°C to ~450°C. Monazite from the GHS recorded anatexis at “near peak” conditions from ~43 to 28 Ma and exhumation near the sillimanite‐kyanite transition at 25–21 Ma. Ages of zircon rims constrain the onset of exhumation. From the upper GHS to the Main Central Thrust zone, pervasive deformation and anticlockwise rotation of the lineation from the orogen‐parallel to orogen‐perpendicular direction suggest exhumation of the GHS by general shear from ~31 to 21 Ma. A two‐stage exhumation model is proposed to explain the diffuse strain distribution and anatexis during early crustal thickening.
Geomorphometric analysis of the natural and anthropogenic seascape of Naples (Italy): A high‐resolution morpho‐bathymetric survey
Authors: Caporizzo Claudia , Aucelli Pietro P. C. , Di Martino Gabriella , Mattei Gaia , Tonielli Renato , Pappone Gerardo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis research aims to reconstruct the submerged morphologies of the high‐coast sectors of Naples discriminating between landforms and anthropogenic structures, by analysing the high‐resolution data of a multibeam survey in a GIS environment. In the case of natural landforms, a signal analysis was performed to characterize the seabed and discern between sandy and rocky bottom, together with a slope analysis pointing to the detection and mapping of different orders of palaeo‐shore platforms at different bathymetric ranges and interpreted as erosional traces of the Holocene sea cliff retreat affecting the study area, mainly caused by a subsiding trend that exacerbated the glacio‐hydro‐isostatic sea‐level rise. Then, the detected palaeo‐shore platforms were further analysed to quantify their roughness degree and, consequently, the differential erosion affecting the rocky platforms. On the other hand, regarding the submerged anthropogenic structures, the multibeam survey allowed several underwater archaeological remains of Roman Age to be mapped, demonstrating the high cultural relevance of the study area.
Comparison on two case‐based reasoning strategies of automatically selecting terrain covariates for digital soil mapping
Authors: Liang Peng , Qin Cheng‐Zhi , Zhu A‐Xing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe terrain covariate is one type of key environmental covariate used in digital soil mapping (DSM). Because the selection of proper terrain covariates relies largely on users’ DSM knowledge and application context, automatic selection of terrain covariates is valuable for DSM users (especially non‐experts). Case‐based reasoning provides a promising solution to this demand. Recently, two case‐based reasoning strategies have been proposed (i.e., the covariate‐classification strategy and the most‐similar‐case strategy). However, there is no comparison of their performance, as well as that of the implemented methods based on the same or different strategies. This study fills this knowledge gap through a comparison experiment on the two representative methods for each strategy, respectively. Experiments adopted a DSM case base including 191 cases, which involve 38 terrain covariates. Results from a cross‐validation and a practical DSM application showed that the random forests method adopting the covariate‐classification strategy performed best.
Geospatial socio‐economic/demographic data: The existence of spatial autocorrelation mixtures in georeferenced data—Part II
Authors: Griffith Daniel A. , Agarwal Khushboo , Chen Meifang , Lee Changho , Panetti Emily Ann , Rhyu Kyunghee , Venigalla Lasya , Yu Xiaohe 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis second article in a series of two also addresses the conjectures posited in Part I, asserting that many georeferenced attribute random variables (RVs) contain a positive–negative spatial autocorrelation (SA) mixture, and that georeferenced socio‐economic/demographic attribute RVs have roughly the same magnitude of positive SA as that frequently computed for remotely sensed pixel data, an extent suppressed in its net amount by the negative SA in a variable's mixture. Rather than a single RV across a multitude of geographic landscapes, this article summarizes research exploring these two propositions for a wide range of attribute RVs. Findings from both Parts I and II corroborate this mixture's commonplace existence, as well as the tendency for pronounced positive SA to characterize both socio‐economic/demographic and remotely sensed variates, with moderate net positive SA typifying measurements for these former georeferenced data.
Willingness of blood donors in Australia to provide additional data and blood sample for health research
Authors: Karki Surendra , Gemelli Carley N. , Davison Tanya E. , Masser Barbara M. , Marks Denese C. , Bell Katy , Liu Bette , Hayen Andrew , van den Hurk Katja , Irving David O. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundMany blood collection agencies are generating important data on donor health outcomes using large‐scale blood donor cohort studies. Such studies can be very effective when donors provide access to linkage of their data to external health databases, and storage and genomic testing of their blood sample. In this study, we aimed to assess the willingness of Australian blood donors to provide additional data and blood sample for donation‐related and other health research.Study design and methodsWe invited 2017 donors to complete a survey using four methods (postal letter, postal letter and email, email only, and in‐center recruitment). The survey asked for information on demographics, lifestyle behaviors, health, experience and attitude to blood donation, and willingness to give blood sample and additional data for research.ResultsResponse rates ranged from 23.8% for email only to 77.2% for in‐center recruitment. Of those who responded (n = 827), 95.5% indicated they would be willing to provide a blood sample for donation and transfusion‐related research. Of these, >90.0% were willing for their sample to be used in research involving genetic testing and other health‐related topics. Also, >90.0% were willing to consent for linkage of their information to external health databases.ConclusionsDonors surveyed reported a high willingness to participate in health research by completing surveys, allowing linkage to external datasets, and providing a blood sample. These findings provide strong support for future longitudinal research studies with Australian blood donors.
Influence of age, sex, body condition score, rectal temperature, anatomical location and hair on skin pH in dogs
Authors: Schlake Alexander , Devriendt Nausikaa , Talloen Louise , Dadi Tri Bhawono , de Rooster Hilde 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundPhysiological skin pH levels are well‐documented in human medicine, and assessment of variations may be important in assessing the efficacy of wound healing. By contrast, physiological skin pH levels in dogs are sparsely described.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo determine the pH of intact skin in healthy dogs and to study the influence of different physiological factors on the pH level of canine skin.AnimalsSeventy‐seven client‐owned dogs of various breeds, age and sex.Methods and materialsA prospective study was designed and the pH of intact skin was measured at the concave surface of both pinnae, and in both axillary and inguinal regions. For each location, the colour and density of the hairs also was recorded. Each dog’s rectal body temperature and body condition scores also were determined.ResultsThe skin pH in dogs <12 weeks of age was significantly lower (3.97–5.70) than in older dogs (4.40–8.18) (P < 0.001). In dogs >12 weeks of age, skin pH was significantly lower in the inguinal regions compared to the pinnae (P = 0.008), and female dogs had a significantly lower skin pH in the inguinal regions than male dogs (P = 0.043). Pinnae covered with light‐coloured hair had a lower skin pH than those with dark‐coloured hair (P = 0.04). No significant differences were found between dogs with different body condition scores, body temperatures or differences in hair density.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe pH of intact healthy skin is lower in puppies of <12 weeks of age. Regional differences of body location also were seen which were variably affected by hair colour and sex. A baseline assessment of skin pH in healthy dogs is important for future studies of disease and wound healing.
Adverse events associated with venomous insect immunotherapy and clinical outcomes in 82 dogs (2002–2020)
Authors: Ewing Trenton S. , Dong Charli , Boord Mona J. , Fang Yinan 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundLimited information is known on adverse events and efficacy associated with venomous insect immunotherapy (VIT) in canine patients.ObjectivesTo assess adverse events associated with VIT and perceived efficacy of VIT.AnimalsRecords from 82 client‐owned animals which received VIT were assessed.Methods and materialsA retrospective review of records from 2002 to 2020. Clinical history, adverse events during therapy and observations following field stings were collected from all records. Patients were grouped into reactors and nonreactors based on whether or not an adverse event had occurred during therapy. Records were evaluated to determine if a field sting had occurred and the severity of the reaction was compared to pretreatment reaction.ResultsOf 82 patients that were identified, 26 experienced a minimum of one adverse event. No deaths or severe anaphylactic reactions were reported. The most common adverse event was gastrointestinal upset. The overall reaction rate per injection was 2.8%. Only variation in sensitisation level (the minimum concentration of venom which elicited a positive intradermal reaction) was significantly different between groups (P = 0.014). Forty‐one field challenges in 26 patients were documented. Therapy reduced the severity of reactions in 87.8% of challenges. No deaths were reported.ConclusionVenom immunotherapy appears to be a safe and efficacious treatment for prevention of anaphylaxis due to insect stings in canine patients.
Function of K2P channels in the mammalian node of Ranvier
Authors: Schwarz Jürgen R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn myelinated nerve fibres, action potentials are generated at nodes of Ranvier. These structures are located at interruptions of the myelin sheath, forming narrow gaps with small rings of axolemma freely exposed to the extracellular space. The mammalian node contains a high density of Na+ channels and K+‐selective leakage channels. Voltage‐dependent Kv1 channels are only present in the juxta‐paranode. Recently, the leakage channels have been identified as K2P channels (TRAAK, TREK‐1). K2P channels are K+‐selective ‘background’ channels, characterized by outward rectification and their ability to be activated, e.g. by temperature, mechanical stretch or arachidonic acid. We are only beginning to elucidate the peculiar functions of nodal K2P channels. I will discuss two functions of the nodal K2P‐mediated conductance. First, at body temperature K2P channels have a high open probability, thereby inducing a resting potential of about −85 mV. This negative resting potential reduces steady‐state Na+ channel inactivation and ensures a large Na+ inward current upon a depolarizing stimulus. Second, the K2P conductance is involved in nodal action potential repolarization. The identification of nodal K2P channels is exciting since it shows that the nodal K+ conductance is not a fixed value but can be changed: it can be increased or decreased by a broad range of K2P modulators, thereby modulating, for example, the resting potential. The functional importance of nodal K2P channels will be exemplified by describing in more detail the function of the K2P conductance increase by raising the temperature from room temperature to 37°C.
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SARS-CoV-2 RNA and antibody detection in breast milk from a prospective multicentre study in Spain
Authors: Bäuerl Christine , Randazzo Walter , Sánchez Gloria , Selma-Royo Marta , García Verdevio Elia , Martínez Laura , Parra-Llorca Anna , Lerin Carles , Fumadó Victoria , Crovetto Francesca , Crispi Fatima , Pérez-Cano Francisco J , Rodríguez Gerardo , Ruiz-Redondo Gemma , Campoy Cristina , Martínez-Costa Cecilia , Collado Maria Carmen 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesTo develop and validate a specific protocol for SARS-CoV-2 detection in breast milk matrix and to determine the impact of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection on the presence, concentration and persistence of specific SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.Design and patientsThis is a prospective, multicentre longitudinal study (April–December 2020) in 60 mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or who have recovered from COVID-19. A control group of 13 women before the pandemic were also included.SettingSeven health centres from different provinces in Spain.Main outcome measuresPresence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in breast milk, targeting the N1 region of the nucleocapsid gene and the envelope (E) gene; presence and levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific immunoglobulins (Igs)—IgA, IgG and IgM—in breast milk samples from patients with COVID-19.ResultsAll breast milk samples showed negative results for presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. We observed high intraindividual and interindividual variability in the antibody response to the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein for each of the three isotypes IgA, IgM and IgG. Main Protease (MPro) domain antibodies were also detected in milk. 82.9% (58 of 70) of milk samples were positive for at least one of the three antibody isotypes, with 52.9% of these positive for all three Igs. Positivity rate for IgA was relatively stable over time (65.2%–87.5%), whereas it raised continuously for IgG (from 47.8% for the first 10 days to 87.5% from day 41 up to day 206 post-PCR confirmation).ConclusionsOur study confirms the safety of breast feeding and highlights the relevance of virus-specific SARS-CoV-2 antibody transfer. This study provides crucial data to support official breastfeeding recommendations based on scientific evidence.Trial registration numberNCT04768244.
Reduction of ileocolic intussusception under sedation or anaesthesia: a systematic review of complications
Authors: Gal Moran , Gamsu Shirly , Jacob Ron , Cohen Daniel M , Shavit Itai 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundDespite the increased use of sedation in children undergoing stressful procedures, reduction of ileocolic intussusception (RII) is usually performed on awake children without any form of sedation.ObjectiveTo evaluate the incidence of severe complications of RII under sedation or anaesthesia.DesignA systematic review including English language original articles of any date.PatientsChildren undergoing RII (pneumatic or hydrostatic) under sedation or anaesthesia.Data sourcesOvid Embase, Scopus, PubMed, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and the internet search engine Google Scholar.Data extractionThree authors independently reviewed each article for eligibility. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of included studies.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the incidence of intestinal perforation during RII. The secondary outcomes were the incidence of sentinel adverse events defined as death, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, permanent neurological deficit and pulmonary aspiration syndrome.ResultsThe search yielded 368 articles. Nine studies with 1391 cases were included in the analysis. Of the nine studies, six had a score of ≤6 stars in the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale assessment, indicating low-to-moderate quality. Propofol-based sedation was used in 849 (59.2%) cases; 5 (0.6%) had intestinal perforation. Intestinal perforation was not reported in patients who were sedated with other sedatives. One patient had pulmonary aspiration syndrome.ConclusionsAlthough caution remains warranted, current data suggest that the incidence of severe complications due to RII under sedation or anaesthesia is low. Due to the lack of prospective data, it is difficult to ascertain the exact incidence of severe complications.
Protocol for developing core outcome sets for evaluation of psychosocial interventions for children and families with experience or at risk of child maltreatment or domestic abuse
Authors: Howarth Emma , Powell Claire , Woodman Jenny , Walker Erin , Chesters Heather , Szilassy Eszter , Gilbert Ruth , Feder Gene 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionRecognition that child maltreatment (CM) and domestic violence and abuse (DVA) are common and have serious and long-term adverse health consequences has resulted in policies and programmes to ensure that services respond to and safeguard children and their families. However, high-quality evidence about how services can effectively intervene is scant. The value of the current evidence base is limited partly because of the variety of outcomes and measures used in evaluative studies. One way of addressing this limitation is to develop a core outcome set (COS) which is measured and reported as a minimum standard in the context of trials and other types of evaluative research. The study described in this protocol aims to develop two discrete COSs for use in future evaluation of psychosocial interventions aimed at improving outcomes for children and families at risk or with experience of (1) CM or (2) DVA.Methods and analysisA two-phase mixed methods design: (1) rapid reviews of evidence, stakeholder workshops and semistructured interviews with adult survivors of CM/DVA and parents of children who have experienced CM/DVA and (2) a three panel adapted E-Delphi Study and consensus meeting. This study protocol adheres to reporting guidance for COS protocols and has been registered on the Core Outcome Measures for Effectiveness Trials (COMET) database.Ethics and disseminationWe will disseminate our findings through peer-reviewed and open access publications, the COMET website and presentations at international conferences. We will engage with research networks, journal editors and funding agencies to promote awareness of the CM-COS and DVA-COS. We will work with advisory and survivor and public involvement groups to coproduce a range of survivor, policy and practice facing outputs.Approval for this study has been granted by the Research Ethics Committee at University College London.
Strengthening retinopathy of prematurity screening and treatment services in Nigeria: a case study of activities, challenges and outcomes 2017-2020
Authors: Ademola-Popoola Dupe S , Fajolu Iretiola B , Gilbert Clare , Olusanya Bolutife A , Onakpoya Oluwatoyin H , Ezisi Chinyelu N , Musa Kareem O , Chan Robison Vernon Paul , Okeigbemen Valentina W , Muhammad Rilwan C , Malik Aeesha N J , Adio Adedayo O , Bodunde Olubunmi T , Rafindadi Abdulkadir L , Oluleye Tunji S , Tongo Olukemi O , Badmus Sarat A , Adebara Olufunmilayo V , Padhi Tapas Ranjan , Ezenwa Beatrice N , Obajolowo Tokunbo S , Olokoba Lateefat B , Olatunji Victoria A , Babalola Yewande Olubunmi , Ugalahi Mary O , Adenekan Adetunji , Adesiyun Omotayo O , Sahoo Jagdish , Miller Marilyn T , Uhumwangho Odarosa M , Olagbenro Adeduntan S , Adejuyigbe Ebunoluwa A , Ezeaka Chinyere V C , Mokuolu Olugbenga , Ogunlesi Tinuade A , Ogunfowora Olusoga B , Abdulkadir Isa , Abdullahi Fatima L , Fabiyi Abosede T , Hassan Laila H L , Baiyeroju Aderonke M , Opara Peace I , Oladigbolu Kehinde , Eneh Augusta U , Fiebai Bassey E , Mahmud-Ajeigbe Fatima A , Peter Elijah N , Abdullahi Hawwa S 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesRetinopathy of prematurity (ROP) will become a major cause of blindness in Nigerian children unless screening and treatment services expand. This article aims to describe the collaborative activities undertaken to improve services for ROP between 2017 and 2020 as well as the outcome of these activities in Nigeria.DesignDescriptive case study.SettingNeonatal intensive care units in Nigeria.ParticipantsStaff providing services for ROP, and 723 preterm infants screened for ROP who fulfilled screening criteria (gestational age <34 weeks or birth weight ≤2000 g, or sickness criteria).Methods and analysisA WhatsApp group was initiated for Nigerian ophthalmologists and neonatologists in 2018. Members participated in a range of capacity-building, national and international collaborative activities between 2017 and 2018. A national protocol for ROP was developed for Nigeria and adopted in 2018; 1 year screening outcome data were collected and analysed. In 2019, an esurvey was used to collect service data from WhatsApp group members for 2017–2018 and to assess challenges in service provision.ResultsIn 2017 only six of the 84 public neonatal units in Nigeria provided ROP services; this number had increased to 20 by 2018. Of the 723 babies screened in 10 units over a year, 127 (17.6%) developed any ROP; and 29 (22.8%) developed type 1 ROP. Only 13 (44.8%) babies were treated, most by intravitreal bevacizumab. The screening criteria were revised in 2020. Challenges included lack of equipment to regulate oxygen and to document and treat ROP, and lack of data systems.ConclusionROP screening coverage and quality improved after national and international collaborative efforts. To scale up and improve services, equipment for neonatal care and ROP treatment is urgently needed, as well as systems to monitor data. Ongoing advocacy is also essential.
Eosinophilia and fractional exhaled nitric oxide levels in chronic obstructive lung disease
Authors: Annangi Srinadh , Nutalapati Snigdha , Sturgill Jamie , Flenaugh Eric , Foreman Marilyn 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionCOPD is a heterogeneous disorder with varied phenotypes. We aimed to determine the prevalence of asthma history, peripheral eosinophilia and elevated FeNO levels along with the diagnostic utility of peripheral eosinophilia in identifying airway eosinophilic inflammation.MethodsNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data were analysed for the study period 2007–2010. Subjects aged ≥40 years with postbronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio <0.70 were included. Receiver operator curve analysis was performed for sensitivity analysis. A p value of <0.001 is considered statistically significant.ResultsA total of 3 110 617 weighted COPD cases were identified; predominantly male (64.4%) and non-Hispanic whites (86.1%). Among our COPD subjects, 14.6% had a history of doctor diagnosed asthma, highest among females and other race Americans. The overall prevalence of peripheral eosinophilia is 36%, 38.3% among COPD subjects with asthma history, and 35.6% among COPD without asthma history. The overall prevalence of elevated FeNO ≥25 ppb is 14.3%; 28.7% among COPD subjects with asthma history and 13.0% among COPD without asthma history.DiscussionThe prevalence of FeNO levels ≥25 ppb and peripheral eosinophilia was significantly higher among COPD subjects with asthma compared with COPD without asthma history. Not all COPD subjects with peripheral eosinophilia and elevated FeNO levels have a reported history of asthma. Our study supports clinically phenotyping COPD subjects with eosinophilic inflammation be independent of their asthma history and peripheral eosinophilia can be used as a surrogate marker in resource-limited settings.