bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How does health literacy affect the utilization of basic public health services in Chinese migrants?
Authors: Yu Yan , He Anqi , Zheng Si , Jiang Junfeng , Liang Jing , Shrestha Bhawana , Wang Peigang 
Published: March 2021

Summary
Previous studies have focused on the determinants of basic public health services utilization, such as socioeconomic status and mobility characteristics, rather than on health literacy. Thus, this study aimed to estimate the effect of health literacy on the utilization of basic public health services among Chinese migrants. Based on the 2016 China Migrants Dynamic Survey data (N = 2335), this study used propensity score matching approach to estimate the effect of health literacy on the utilization of basic public health services, including the establishment of health records and receipt of health education, and to explore heterogeneity in this effect based on educational attainment and urban–rural status. The findings show that high levels of health literacy increased the probability of establishing health records and receiving more health education. Also, high levels of health literacy had a positive effect on the utilization of basic public health services among Chinese migrants, especially those with less education or living in urban areas. Policy makers should more carefully consider the actual situation and needs of migrants who are living in urban areas or have less education, constructing more targeted service programs.
Long-term risk of epilepsy, cerebral palsy and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children affected by a threatened abortion in utero
Authors: Dudukina Elena , Horváth-Puhó Erzsébet , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Ehrenstein Vera 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
The birth of a child affected by a threatened abortion (TAB) in utero is associated with autism spectrum disorder; association with other neurological disorders is unknown.

Methods
This nationwide registry-based cohort study included singletons live-born in Denmark (1979–2010), followed through 2016. The outcomes were epilepsy, cerebral palsy (CP) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We used Cox regression to compute hazard ratios (HRs), adjusted for birth year, birth order, parental age, morbidity, medication use and maternal socio-economic factors. To remove time-invariant family-shared confounding, we applied sibling analyses.

Results
The study population included 1 864 221 singletons live-born in 1979–2010. Among the TAB-affected children (N = 59 134) vs TAB-unaffected children, at the end of follow-up, the cumulative incidence was 2.2% vs 1.6% for epilepsy, 0.4% vs 0.2% for CP and 5.5% vs 4.2% for ADHD (for children born in 1995–2010). The adjusted HRs were 1.25 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16–1.34] for epilepsy, 1.42 (95% CI 1.20–1.68) for CP and 1.21 (95% CI 1.14–1.29) for ADHD. In the sibling design, the adjusted HRs were unity for epilepsy (full siblings: 0.96, 95% CI 0.82–1.12; maternal: 1.04, 95% CI 0.90–1.20; paternal: 1.08, 95% CI 0.93–1.25) and ADHD (full: 1.08, 95% CI 0.92–1.27; maternal: 1.04, 95% CI 0.90–1.20; paternal: 1.08, 95% CI 0.93–1.25). For CP, HRs shifted away from unity among sibling pairs (full: 2.92, 95% CI 1.33–6.39; maternal: 2.03, 95% CI 1.15–3.57; paternal: 3.28, 95% CI 1.36–7.91).

Conclusions
The birth of a child affected by TAB in utero was associated with a greater risk of CP, but not epilepsy or ADHD.
The Law of ‘Never Again’: Transitional Justice and the Transformation of the Norm of Non-Recurrence
Authors: Davidovic Maja 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article analyses the transformation of guarantees of non-recurrence (GNRs), the least developed pillar of transitional justice (TJ), and sets a legal and conceptual foundation of the norm for TJ theory and practice. It draws out key characteristics of GNRs including the norm’s various contents and contexts, stressing its exceptional future-oriented nature in international law. The article investigates conceptual origins of preventing non-recurrence in the early developments of TJ and the recent normative expansions undertaken by the UN Special Rapporteur. The main contributions of the article are establishing GNRs as normatively distinct in TJ and identifying transfers of local-level advocacy from Latin America to general norm creation. Finally, the article proposes a tension between decontextualizing the norm content to make it universally applicable and recent attempts to normatively expand the norm and improve its context-specificity, and discusses its potential consequences for TJ practice.
A new value-based method for decomposing profit efficiency
Authors: Yu Ming-Miin , Chao Shih-Liang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractConventional profit and allocative efficiencies suffer from a critical deficiency if input and output prices are different between decision-making units (DMUs) in the market when assuming given uniform input and output prices under a homogeneous technology. Price differences and technology gap considerations are more relevant to firms in reducing profit loss under a non-homogeneous technology with non-perfect market competition. This study proposes a new value-based meta-profit inefficiency decomposition considering the presence of both a new technology gap and price inefficiency. As an illustrative empirical application, we present an example of 35 Taiwanese banks representing two types of banking organizations: financial holding companies (FHCs) and non-FHCs. The new decomposition we propose helps to identify the profit–loss due to group technical, group price, new technology gap and meta-mix inefficiencies of DMUs.
Clinical and Epidemiological Findings from Enhanced Monkeypox Surveillance in Tshuapa Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo During 2011–2015
Authors: Whitehouse Erin R , Bonwitt Jesse , Hughes Christine M , Lushima Robert Shongo , Likafi Toutou , Nguete Beatrice , Kabamba Joelle , Monroe Benjamin , Doty Jeffrey B , Nakazawa Yoshinori , Damon Inger , Malekani Jean , Davidson Whitni , Wilkins Kimberly , Li Yu , Radford Kay W , Schmid D Scott , Pukuta Elisabeth , Muyamuna Elisabeth , Karhemere Stomy , Tamfum Jean-Jacques Muyembe , Okitolonda Emile Wemakoy , McCollum Andrea M , Reynolds Mary G 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Monkeypox is a poorly described emerging zoonosis endemic to Central and Western Africa.

Methods
Using surveillance data from Tshuapa Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo during 2011–2015, we evaluated differences in incidence, exposures, and clinical presentation of polymerase chain reaction–confirmed cases by sex and age.

Results
We report 1057 confirmed cases. The average annual incidence was 14.1 per 100 000 (95% confidence interval, 13.3–15.0). The incidence was higher in male patients (incidence rate ratio comparing males to females, 1.21; 95% confidence interval, 1.07–1.37), except among those 20–29 years old (0.70; .51–.95). Females aged 20–29 years also reported a high frequency of exposures (26.2%) to people with monkeypox-like symptoms.The highest incidence was among 10–19-year-old males, the cohort reporting the highest proportion of animal exposures (37.5%). The incidence was lower among those presumed to have received smallpox vaccination than among those presumed unvaccinated. No differences were observed by age group in lesion count or lesion severity score.

Conclusions
Monkeypox incidence was twice that reported during 1980–1985, an increase possibly linked to declining immunity provided by smallpox vaccination. The high proportion of cases attributed to human exposures suggests changing exposure patterns. Cases were distributed across age and sex, suggesting frequent exposures that follow sociocultural norms.
Evaluation of Trapping Schemes to Detect Emerald Ash Borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)
Authors: Tobin Patrick C , Strom Brian L , Francese Joseph A , Herms Daniel A , McCullough Deborah G , Poland Therese M , Ryall Krista L , Scarr Taylor , Silk Peter J , Thistle Harold W 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Management responses to invasive forest insects are facilitated by the use of detection traps ideally baited with species-specific semiochemicals. Emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, is currently invading North American forests, and since its detection in 2002, development of monitoring tools has been a primary research objective. We compared six trapping schemes for A. planipennis over 2 yr at sites in four U.S. states and one Canadian province that represented a range of background A. planipennis densities, canopy coverage, and ash basal area. We also developed a region-wide phenology model. Across all sites and both years, the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentile of adult flight occurred at 428, 587, and 837 accumulated degree-days, respectively, using a base temperature threshold of 10°C and a start date of 1 January. Most trapping schemes captured comparable numbers of beetles with the exception of purple prism traps (USDA APHIS PPQ), which captured significantly fewer adults. Trapping schemes varied in their trap catch across the gradient of ash basal area, although when considering trap catch as a binary response variable, trapping schemes were more likely to detect A. planipennis in areas with a higher ash component. Results could assist managers in optimizing trap selection, placement, and timing of deployment given local weather conditions, forest composition, and A. planipennis density.
Control Failures Following Insecticide Applications in Commercial Agriculture: How Often Do They Occur? A Case Study of Lygus hesperus (Hemiptera: Miridae) Control in Cotton
Authors: Rosenheim Jay A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Although surveys of pest populations documenting evolved insecticide resistance often suggest abundant potential for insecticide control failures, studies documenting the actual occurrence of such failures in commercial agriculture are rare. If farmers currently practice adaptive management, abandoning the use of insecticides once resistance emerges, actual control failures could be rare. Here I use data gathered by independent pest management consultants to describe a case study of the realized efficacy of commercial field applications of insecticides, examining the control of Lygus hesperus Knight on cotton. On average, insecticides reduced target pest populations to 19% of their preapplication densities. Short-term efficacy of insecticides was variable, but only one severe control failure was observed (1 of 50, 2%). The rarity of severe control failures observed in this study is in agreement with the few other studies conducted in commercial settings, but additional research is needed to assess the generality of this result. Although pesticides can cause longer-term problems, including target pest resurgences and secondary pest outbreaks, risk-averse attitudes among farmers coupled with relatively consistent short-term insecticide efficacy may be potent forces propelling farmers toward the use of insecticides.
Quality of Life and Adverse Events: Prognostic Relationships in Long-Term Ovarian Cancer Survival
Authors: Wenzel Lari , Osann Kathryn , McKinney Chelsea , Cella David , Fulci Giulia , Scroggins Mary J , Lankes Heather A , Wang Victoria , Nephew Kenneth P , Maxwell George L , Mok Samuel C , Conrads Thomas P , Miller Austin , Mannel Robert S , Gray Heidi J , Hanjani Parviz , Huh Warner K , Spirtos Nick , Leitao Mario M , Glaser Gretchen , Sharma Sudarshan K , Santin Alessandro D , Sperduto Paul , Lele Shashikant B , Burger Robert A , Monk Bradley J , Birrer Michael 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
There is a critical need to identify patient characteristics associated with long-term ovarian cancer survival.

Methods
Quality of life (QOL), measured by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Ovarian-Trial Outcome Index (FACT-O-TOI), including physical, functional, and ovarian-specific subscales, was compared between long-term survivors (LTS) (8+ years) and short-term survivors (STS) (&lt;5 years) of GOG 218 at baseline; before cycles 4, 7, 13, 21; and 6 months post-treatment using linear and longitudinal mixed models adjusted for covariates. Adverse events (AEs) were compared between survivor groups at each assessment using generalized linear models. All P values are 2-sided.

Results
QOL differed statistically significantly between STS (N = 1115) and LTS (N = 260) (P &lt; .001). Baseline FACT-O-TOI and FACT-O-TOI change were independently associated with long-term survival (odds ratio = 1.05, 95% confidence interval = 1.03 to 1.06 and odds ratio = 1.06, 95% confidence interval = 1.05 to 1.07, respectively). A 7-point increase in baseline QOL was associated with a 38.0% increase in probability of LTS, and a 9-point increase in QOL change was associated with a 67.0% increase in odds for LTS. QOL decreased statistically significantly with increasing AE quartiles (cycle 4 quartiles: 0-5 vs 6-8 vs 9-11 vs ≥12 AEs, P = .01; cycle 21 quartiles: 0-2 vs 3 vs 4-5 vs ≥6 AEs, P = .001). Further, LTS reported statistically significantly better QOL compared with STS (P = .03 and P = .01, cycles 4 and 21, respectively), with similar findings across higher AE grades.

Conclusions
Baseline and longitudinal QOL change scores distinguished LTS vs STS and are robust prognosticators for long-term survival. Results have trial design and supportive care implications, providing meaningful prognostic value in this understudied population.
Purpurin, a anthraquinone induces ROS-mediated A549 lung cancer cell apoptosis via inhibition of PI3K/AKT and proliferation
Authors: Bo Su , Lai Jing , Lin Honyu , Luo Xue , Zeng Yiqiong , Du Tianying 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objectives
In this study, we sought to evaluate purpurin, a natural biomedicine and a potential inhibitor in decreasing the growth rate of lung cancer cells by modulating the role of PI3K/AKT signalling-associated proliferation and apoptosis.

Methods
A549 cells were treated with purpurin (30 μM) for 24 and 48 h incubation, respectively, and it has been analysed for cytotoxicity, ROS-mediated apoptotic staining. Moreover, purpurin-mediated lipid peroxidation and GSH were measured by biochemical estimation. Furthermore, PI3K/AKT signalling-mediated cell proliferation and apoptotic gene expression done were by western blot.

Key findings
In this study, we observed that purpurin could effectively kill A549 cancer cell lines and leads to cell death, thus conforming increased cytotoxicity, production of ROS-mediated enhancement of lipid peroxidation, nuclear fragmentation and apoptosis. Moreover, the GSH content of A549 cell lines was also diminished after treatment with purpurin. This study demonstrates that purpurin inhibits the phosphorylated PI3K/AKT molecules mediated cyclin-D1 and PCNA, thereby inducing apoptosis by observing increased proapoptotic mediators Bax, cleaved PARP, cytochrome-c, caspase-9 and caspase-3; and decreased Bcl-2 expression in the lung cancer cell lines.

Conclusion
This result concluded that purpurin eliminates the A549 lung cancer cells by blocking the PI3K/AKT pathway thereby inducing apoptosis.
Adenocarcinoma of the jejunum: management of a rare small bowel neoplasm
Authors: Pereira Raquel , Tojal André , Gomes Aline , Casimiro Carlos , Moreira Sara , Vieira Fortunato , Rodrigues Pedro 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Small bowel adenocarcinomas are rare malignant tumors that account for less than 2% of gastrointestinal tumors. Despite a thorough history, physical examination and complete diagnostic workup, the correct diagnosis of small intestinal neoplasm has been established preoperatively in only 50% of cases. Due to the rarity of this disease, there are very few established guidelines for its management and it has been primarily treated the same way as colorectal cancer, even though patient’s prognostic outcome is worse. With new guidelines in 2020, we review a clinical case of a 64-year-old male patient with adenocarcinoma of the jejunum treated in our institution.
Recognizing the hidden half in wheat: root system attributes associated with drought tolerance
Authors: Li Chaonan , Li Long , Reynolds Matthew P , Wang Jingyi , Chang Xiaoping , Mao Xinguo , Jing Ruilian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractImproving drought tolerance in wheat is crucial for maintaining productivity and food security. Roots are responsible for the uptake of water from soil, and a number of root traits are associated with drought tolerance. Studies have revealed many quantitative trait loci and genes controlling root development in plants. However, the genetic dissection of root traits in response to drought in wheat is still unclear. Here, we review crop root traits associated with drought, key genes governing root development in plants, and quantitative trait loci and genes regulating root system architecture under water-limited conditions in wheat. Deep roots, optimal root length density and xylem diameter, and increased root surface area are traits contributing to drought tolerance. In view of the diverse environments in which wheat is grown, the balance among root and shoot traits, as well as individual and population performance, are discussed. The known functions of key genes provide information for the genetic dissection of root development of wheat in a wide range of conditions, and will be beneficial for molecular marker development, marker-assisted selection, and genetic improvement in breeding for drought tolerance.
Multifrequency observations of SGR J1935+2154
Authors: Bailes M , Bassa C G , Bernardi G , Buchner S , Burgay M , Caleb M , Cooper A J , Desvignes G , Groot P J , Heywood I , Jankowski F , Karuppusamy R , Kramer M , Malenta M , Naldi G , Pilia M , Pupillo G , Rajwade K M , Spitler L , Surnis M , Stappers B W , Addis A , Bloemen S , Bezuidenhout M C , Bianchi G , Champion D J , Chen W , Driessen L N , Geyer M , Gourdji K , Hessels J W T , Kondratiev V I , Klein-Wolt M , Körding E , Le Poole R , Liu K , Lower M E , Lyne A G , Magro A , McBride V , Mickaliger M B , Morello V , Parthasarathy A , Paterson K , Perera B B P , Pieterse D L A , Pleunis Z , Possenti A , Rowlinson A , Serylak M , Setti G , Tavani M , Wijers R A M J , ter Veen S , Venkatraman Krishnan V , Vreeswijk P , Woudt P A 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Magnetars are a promising candidate for the origin of fast radio bursts (FRBs). The detection of an extremely luminous radio burst from the Galactic magnetar SGR J1935+2154 on 2020 April 28 added credence to this hypothesis. We report on simultaneous and non-simultaneous observing campaigns using the Arecibo, Effelsberg, LOFAR, MeerKAT, MK2, and Northern Cross radio telescopes and the MeerLICHT optical telescope in the days and months after the April 28 event. We did not detect any significant single radio pulses down to fluence limits between 25 mJy ms and 18 Jy ms. Some observing epochs overlapped with times when X-ray bursts were detected. Radio images made on 4 d using the MeerKAT telescope revealed no point-like persistent or transient emission at the location of the magnetar. No transient or persistent optical emission was detected over seven days. Using the multicolour MeerLICHT images combined with relations between DM, NH, and reddening, we constrain the distance to SGR J1935+2154, to be between 1.5 and 6.5 kpc. The upper limit is consistent with some other distance indicators and suggests that the April 28 burst is closer to two orders of magnitude less energetic than the least energetic FRBs. The lack of single-pulse radio detections shows that the single pulses detected over a range of fluences are either rare, or highly clustered, or both. It may also indicate that the magnetar lies somewhere between being radio-quiet and radio-loud in terms of its ability to produce radio emission efficiently.
Resonant shattering flares as multimessenger probes of the nuclear symmetry energy
Authors: Neill Duncan , Newton William G , Tsang David 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
The behaviour of the nuclear symmetry energy near saturation density is important for our understanding of dense nuclear matter. This density dependence can be parametrized by the nuclear symmetry energy and its derivatives evaluated at nuclear saturation density. In this work, we show that the core–crust interface mode of a neutron star is sensitive to these parameters, through the (density-weighted) shear speed within the crust, which is in turn dependent on the symmetry energy profile of dense matter. We calculate the frequency at which the neutron star quadrupole (ℓ = 2) crust–core interface mode must be driven by the tidal field of its binary partner to trigger a resonant shattering flare (RSF). We demonstrate that coincident multimessenger timing of an RSF and gravitational wave chirp from a neutron star merger would enable us to place constraints on the symmetry energy parameters that are competitive with those from current nuclear experiments.
Gravitational polarization of the quantum vacuum caused by two point-like bodies
Authors: Hajdukovic Dragan Slavkov , Walter Sergej 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
In a recent paper, quantum vacuum was considered as a source of gravity, and the simplest, phenomenon, the gravitational polarization of the quantum vacuum by an immersed point-like body, was studied. In this paper, we have derived the effective gravitational charge density of the quantum vacuum, caused by two immersed point-like bodies. Among others, the obtained result proves that quantum vacuum can have regions with a negative effective gravitational charge density. Hence, quantum vacuum, the ‘ocean’ in which all matter of the Universe is immersed, acts as a complex fluid with a very variable gravitational charge density that might include both positive and negative densities; a crucial prediction that can be tested within the Solar system. In the general case of ${N \ge {\rm{3}}}$ point-like bodies, immersed in the quantum vacuum, the analytical solutions are not possible, and the use of numerical methods is inevitable. The key point is that an appropriate numerical method, for the calculation of the effective gravitational charge density of the quantum vacuum induced by N immersed bodies, might be crucial in description of galaxies, without the involvement of dark matter or a modification of gravity. The development of such a valuable numerical method, is not possible, without a previous (and in this study achieved) understanding of the impact of a two-body system.
The star formation reference survey – IV. Stellar mass distribution of local star-forming galaxies
Authors: Bonfini P , Zezas A , Ashby M L N , Willner S P , Maragkoudakis A , Kouroumpatzakis K , Sell P H , Kovlakas K 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
We constrain the mass distribution in nearby, star-forming galaxies with the Star Formation Reference Survey (SFRS), a galaxy sample constructed to be representative of all known combinations of star formation rate, dust temperature, and specific star formation rate (sSFR) that exist in the Local Universe. An innovative 2D bulge/disc decomposition of the 2MASS/Ks-band images of the SFRS galaxies yields global luminosity and stellar mass functions (MFs), along with separate MFs for their bulges and discs. These accurate MFs cover the full range from dwarf galaxies to large spirals, and are representative of star-forming galaxies selected based on their infrared luminosity, unbiased by active galactic nucleus content and environment. We measure an integrated luminosity density j = 1.72 ± 0.93 × 109 L$_{\odot }\, h^{-1}$ Mpc−3 and a total stellar mass density ρM = 4.61 ± 2.40 × 108 M$_{\odot }\, h^{-1}$ Mpc−3. While the stellar mass of the average star-forming galaxy is equally distributed between its sub-components, discs globally dominate the mass density budget by a ratio 4:1 with respect to bulges. In particular, our functions suggest that recent star formation happened primarily in massive systems, where they have yielded a disc stellar mass density larger than that of bulges by more than 1 dex. Our results constitute a reference benchmark for models addressing the assembly of stellar mass on the bulges and discs of local (z = 0) star-forming galaxies.