bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Kajian Sosiopragmatik Strategi Tindak Tutur Kritik Karakter Antagonis Ibu Jawa; Bu Tejo dalam Film Tilik
Authors: Ridho'i Nora Dita Zakiah 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The sociopragmatic study is one that can explore the reflection of local wisdom that can be learned by the Javanese and even nationally. This research data is working from the Short Film - Tilik (2018) by focusing on the main character who is also the antagonist, Bu Tejo. Performed with an image of cynical Javanese mothers, it is good to see how the strategy is used and what are the motivations rely upon behind the utterances. Analysis of the study of speech act of criticism strategies can be used to hone of forms this characters often use. To conduct this research, the method used is transcribing all dialogues that are focused on only Bu Tejo's dialogue. There were 81 strategies of critical speech acts classified based on the form of direct criticism speech acts and indirect criticism speech acts. Direct speech acts criticism includes negative evaluation strategies, disapproval, expressions of disagreement, identify of problems, statements of difficulty and consequences. Meanwhile, the strategy of indirect speech acts criticism are corrections, identifying standards, demanding for change, request for change, suggestions of change, expressions of certainty and asking/presupposing. In examining the narrative using these strategies, it is also discovered the social motive implied by the main character of this antagonist through his critical utterances.
Keywords: Speech act of criticism, sociopragmatics, film
Analisis Intertekstual Timun Mas dan Buto Ijo pada Iklan Marjan dan Cerita Rakyat Indonesia
Authors: Devi Ade Anggraini Kartika , Mawadah Ade Husnul 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study aims to analyze the intertextuality of Timun Mas and Buto Ijo in the Marjan advertisement with Indonesian folklore. The advertisement is considered as a text derived from the previous text because it uses the characters of Buto Ijo and Timun Mas, namely the legendary figures of folklore entitled Timun Mas and Buto Ijo. The data sources are the Timun Mas and Buto Ijo versions of Marjan advertisements and the Timun Mas and Buto Ijo folk tales. Descriptive analysis was carried out using an intertextuality approach to see the relationship between the two texts. The results showed that the character of Buto Ijo in the Marjan advertisement and Indonesian folklore had some similarities and differences. The similarity is Buto Ijo is tall, big, and green. Buto Ijo, as his name implies, is told as a giant green figure who has great strength. The difference lies at the end of the story. In the advertisement, Buto Ijo has a happy ending by joining the Timun Mas family to celebrate Eid. While in folklore, Buto Ijo has a tragic ending. Buto Ijo died from drowning in a sea of ​​shrimp paste that turned into embers in the ocean.
Language Style of Beauty and Kencana Wungu's Position in Damarwulan Manuscript (Ethnolinguistic)
Authors: Utami Respati Retno , Lestari Tri Edliani 
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze the style of language about the portrayal of female characters in Damarwulan Manuscript, namely Kencana Wungu queen. The position of women in Serat (Manuscript) Damarwulan is a very interesting part. Kencanawungu figure is a woman who is able to have power, different from the role of women found in other classical texts that only make women as Queen/king. The style of language used to describe the figure of Kencana Wungu who has the highest beauty and position is to use a panyandra (language style). Women actually have power like two blades. Women are able to destroy the world of men, but on the contrary women can also reassure the world. The study used to analyze the style of language about beauty and also the position of Kencana Wungu in Damarwulan Manuscript is an ethnolinguistic study. The method used in this study are two, namely the foundation method and ethnographic method. The foundation method is used because the object of this research is in the form of an old text, namely Damarwulan Manuscript. Ethnographic methods are used to analyze the style of language and the position of women based on Javanese cultural perspectives. This study seeks to show the style of language in expressing feelings of love and trying to describe the position of women in Damarwulan Manuscript. In addition, this research can contribute to ethnographic research, especially in the field of ancient manuscripts. Through this study, we can find out the richness of the repertoire of language styles owned by the Javanese. Javanese poets use panyandra which is related to the beauty of nature and fauna to describe the beauty of a woman.
Keywords: language style, beauty, female position, Damarwulan Manuscript
Candi Merak: Antara Peninggalan, Pelestarian, dan Harapan (Sebuah Kajian Filologi)
Authors: Susena Danang , Budiyono Sri 
Published: September 2021

Many folk stories are recorded in book form (manuscripts), but some are still in verbal form (oral stories). To facilitate and increase the provision of data sources on local wisdom in the form of books (manuscripts), it is necessary to carry out an inventory of these texts, one of which is an inventory of the legend of the origin of the name Merak Temple which is located in Karangnongko District, Klaten Regency. Departing from the above statement, this study aims to inventory the folklore about the origin of the name Merak Temple which is located in Candi Dukuh, Karangnongko Village, Karangnongko District, Klaten Regency. This research uses qualitative methods, namely research conducted to understand what is experienced by research subjects holistically, descriptively in the form of words and language, in a natural and scientific context. This method is used to analyze the legendary text of the origin of the name of the Merak temple. This research is a folklore research. Basically, this research begins with an inventory of the legendary stories in the form of manuscripts. Furthermore, the legend manuscript becomes the object of research, from reading the text of the legend of the origin of the peacock temple, it can be described the data which is the source of local wisdom in it, namely pamali (taboo / taboo) and recommendations contained in the text. The results showed that pamali or taboo is an expression of prohibition that arises in connection with the existence of the Merak Temple in Pura Karangnongko Hamlet. Pamali is trusted and believed by the hamlet community around Candi Merak as a rule that must be obeyed. Pamali found regarding the existence of the Merak Temple in the dukuh community was the prohibition of acting immoral or saying dirty, disrespectful words, spitting, throwing garbage (feces) around the temple. If the prohibition is violated, it will result in the person concerned being injured / unluck.
Keywords: merak temple, local wisdom, folklor, pamali
Kesantunan Interogatif Bahasa Jawa dalam Menanyakan Petunjuk Arah
Authors: Afrizal Mohamad , Mijianti Yerry 
Published: September 2021

This research is motivated by someone's unpleasant experience when asking directions in Javanese (BJ). Because it is considered impolite, the answer that person gets is wrong and unpleasant. Therefore, this study seeks to formulate BJ's verbal and nonverbal interrogative politeness in asking directions. The data of this research are in the form of BJ conversations in asking directions. The data were obtained through FGD, interview and experimental. The conversation data is then analyzed deconstructively to find markers of politeness. The conclusion from this research is that the formulation of politeness to ask directions verbally is influenced by a) components, functions, and speech codes, b) short length of speech, c) speech sequence, d) intonation, and e) use of expressions marking politeness. This verbal politeness needs to be supported by nonverbal politeness, namely not driving a vehicle, removing all the attributes that cover the face, and not puffing out the body.
Keywords: Javanese language, politeness, interrogative, asking directions
Penggunaan Umpatan pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar di Kudus
Authors: Satiti Sabbihisma Debby , Ma’shumah Nadia Khumairo 
Published: September 2021

Swearing is not only uttered by adults, but also by children. This study seeks to examine the swear words uttered by elementary school students. This study aims to describe the forms and references of swear word uttered by elementary school students. This study used a qualitative and quantitative approach with a case study model because it only used 10 elementary school students as data sources who were selected using purposive sampling technique. The data of this research are respondents' utterances that contain swear words. Data obtained by the method of observation, interviews and note taking techniques. Data analysis used analytical descriptive techniques. The results showed that the swear words produced by elementary school students in Kudus consisted of words and phrases. The type of swear word that is produced is original form and swear words that are smoothed. The swear words derive from: 1) the name of the animal; 2) body parts; 3) circumstances; 4) inanimate objects; and 5) activities. In addition, there are differences in swearing preferences in terms of gender. Female students tended to use swear words that are smoothed out, while male students tended to use swear words in their original form.
Keywords: reference, elementary school, students, swear words
Potret Pemertahanan Bahasa Jawa oleh Pelajar dalam Lingkup Keluarga
Authors: Azizah Chanifatul , Satiti Sabbihisma Debby 
Published: September 2021

This study examines the maintenance of Javanese language by students in the family sphere in Jepangpakis, Kudus Regency and the factors that influence it. The purpose of this research is to describe the form of Javanese language maintenance by students in the family sphere in Kudus and to reveal the factors that influence it. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach with a case study model. The data source of this study were 10 informants who were selected based on purposive sampling technique. The data of this research is in the form of informants' language data in the form of utterances which is indicated the use of Javanese language either in full or in part. The data is obtained through data collection techniques, namely interviewing, observation, listening, recording, and note-taking techniques. The collected data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive techniques and presented with formal and informal techniques. The results showed that: 1) the form of Javanese language maintenance by students in the family sphere in Kudus can be classified into: a) full Javanese utterances with two types, namely ngoko lugu and ngoko alus varieties; and b) utterances which are the result of the code mixing process of Javanese and Indonesian; 2) factors that influence the maintenance of Javanese language by informants, including: a) Javanese language shows the identity of the speaker; b) positive attitudes towards Javanese by speakers and speech partners; and c) positive attitudes towards Javanese are still found by people around the speakers.
Keywords: Javanese language, students, language maintenance
Habitus, Modal, dan Arena dalam Cerbung Salindri Kenya Kebak Wewadi Karya Pakne Puri Tinjauan Bourdieu
Authors: Jatmiko Ruruh , Abdullah Muhammad 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study aims to reveal the habitus, capital, and arena in Pakne Puri's “Salindri Kenya Kebak Wewadi” based on the perspective of Bourdieu's literary sociology. Related to this, the formulation of the problem in this research is: how are the habitus, capital, and arena in the “Salindri Kenya Kebak Wewadi” by Pakne Puri? This research method uses an objective approach and a discursive approach using Bourdieu's theory, namely habitus, capital, and the arena in the “Salindri Kenya Kebak Wewadi” by Pakne Puri. The data used in this study are in the form of words, phrases, clauses, or sentences taken from one of the literary works in the form of a cursive. The source of the data for this research is the story of “Salindri Kenya Kebak Wewadi” by Pakne Puri published by “Panjebar Semangat” magazine edition No. 33-15 August 2009 to 50-12 December 2009. The results of this study are a description of the habitus, capital, and arena in “Salindri Kenya Kebak Wewadi”. Based on the habitus found in the Salindri character who wants to be successful in continuing his parents' batik business. These habits include the habitus of capital, the habitus of hard workers, and the habitus of never giving up. Based on the capital from Salindri, there are economic capital, cultural capital, social capital, and symbolic capital. Based on the arena, there is a business arena in which Salindri's business arena tries to carry out its functions as well as possible so that the business that is built remains afloat even at the expense of itscompetitors.
Keywords: “Salindri Kenya Kebak Wewadi”, habitus, modal, arena, Pierre Bourdieu
Expansionary or restrictive policies in the Eurozone? Dominating trends in the first two decades
Authors: Stawska Joanna , Mourao Paulo Jorge Reis 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Our aim is to identify periods of restrictive versus expansionary economic policy in the euro area in the last two decades. We firstly conducted the study for identifying the dominant trend in fiscal policies and then in monetary policies. We studied several fiscal outputs, focusing on the cyclical adjusted primary balance. We also analysed the European long-term and short-term interest rates. The study was conducted for several windows, namely for 3-, 4- and 5-year periods. Additional procedures were conducted for robustness checks, namely the study of structural breaks in the analysed time series as well as a study of them recurring to Markov-Switching Regimes models. For most of the analysed periods and subperiods of the series, we concluded for the presence of expansionary policies either in the fiscal or in monetary European domains. Finally, the results and the analysis of dependencies in the euro area economy favour the evidence that economic authorities in the euro area have sought to coordinate monetary and fiscal policy to stabilise the economy.
A cost-benefit analysis of implementing a 54 MW solar PV plant in a South African platinum mining company: A case study
Authors: Barnard S.S.S. , Smit A.M. , Middelberg S.L. , Botha M.J. 
Published: September 2021

A reliable and secure supply of energy is a prerequisite for adequate output and economic growth – especially in a platinum mining company. With exponential tariff increases, inadequate power supply leading to power cuts, and a carbon tax introduction, this study compared the costs with benefits by implementing a 54 MW solar photovoltaic (PV) plant. Two scenarios were compared over the same 20-year period in a case study of a South African platinum mining company operating in the platinum belt of Rustenburg. The first scenario was grounded upon the decision to proceed with the conventional manner of sourcing electricity from Eskom, South Africa’s power utility. The second scenario assessed the implementation of a 54 MW solar PV plant. The findings reveal that the company could generate 2 439 753 MWh of clean energy over 20 years with an investment of ZAR 910 857 920, giving a ZAR 563 205 994 (11%) carbon tax saving and a ZAR 5 614 426 335 (10%) reduction in electricity costs. Further, installing the solar PV plant could reinforce the company‘s dedication to protecting the environment and creating job opportunities through the employment of staff to install and maintain the plant.
Development of low-cost reflective plate thermal energy absorber systems for application in South Africa
Authors: Mutizhongo Fanos , Snyman Lukas Willem , Jalet Kevin 
Published: September 2021

An innovative solar heat collector system was developed from low-cost materials by applying innovative design technology and using adaptive technologies. The system design entails placing long black polymer pipes connected in series circulation, mounted and positioned in grooves of inverted box rib galvanised steel plating. The grooves reflect and focus the incident rays on the centre piping, concentrating incident sun rays on the black piping and increasing the absorption of thermal energy in the piping filled with circulating water. The circulation of the water is facilitated by a direct-current solar-driven pump powered by a small photovoltaic panel. The thermal energy as collected is stored in a standard household geyser tank. A 3 × 4 m heat absorber of this type collects approximately 10 kWh of energy per day. The estimated cost of the system, considering the capital outlay over an expected ten-year life cycle for the product was estimated at R0.25 per kWh. This pricing competes extremely favourably with the general cost of grid electricity in South Africa for medium-sized households, which is of the order of R2 per kWh up to 1000 kWh per month, including taxes. With an estimated electricity cost escalation of above 5% every year, the ten-year saving for a household using this prototype can be approximately R200 000. The technology and designs developed through the study can create many new business opportunities in South Africa in both urban and rural environments, through manufacturing, installing, repairing, and maintaining the systems.
STATE LIABILITY FOR MUTINOUS ACTS OF POLICE AND MILITARY OFFICERS: A CRITIQUE OF LESOTHO AND ZIMBABWE CASES IN LIGHT OF THE MODERN TEST FOR VICARIOUS LIABILITY IN SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Chuks Okpaluba  
Published: September 2021

A mutiny by soldiers or police officers is no doubt, a serious criminal offence. So is the rape of a young girl or woman by police officers, or shooting someone by the police or military personnel without lawful authority, or supplying military hardware by a defence official charged with guarding the armoury to those who use them for armed robbery purposes? However, if the State as the employer is held vicariously liable for these acts of misconduct, why should it be absolved from liability for the wrongful acts of the soldiers or police officers for injuries caused in a situation of mutiny? It seems clear from the case law that an argument that the State is vicariously liable in such circumstances is bound to hit a dead end if it is based on the old “standard test” which contemplated only negligent, at most, reckless conduct of the employee. This was the beginning of the collapse of the arguments of the plaintiffs in the Lesotho Court of Appeal in Chabeli v Commissioner of Police; the High Court in Seoane v Attorney General; and the Harare High Court in Munengami v Minister of Defence, where the question of the liability of the State was canvassed on the basis of the old “standard test” for determining vicarious liability. It is submitted that if these cases were argued around the “close connection” test as enunciated by the Constitutional Court in K v Minister of Safety and Security and affirmed in F v Minister of Safety and Security, the outcomes might have been different. It seems compelling, therefore, that in analysing these Lesotho and Zimbabwean cases, one must do so with the hindsight of the modern test for determining vicarious liability in South Africa, where the conduct of the employee is not merely negligent in character but deliberate or dishonest in nature.
NO ORDINARY HEARSAY! A Discussion of Minister of Police v RM M, Safety and Security Sectoral Bargaining Council and M Smith NO (2017) 38 ILJ 402 (LC)
Authors: Nicola Whitear  
Published: September 2021

One is constantly reminded not to emulate the criminal courts when conducting disciplinary enquiries, nor, for that matter, labour dispute resolution arbitrations.The locus classicus dealing with the appropriate manner to conduct disciplinary enquiries is the Avril Elizabeth Home for the Mentally Handicapped v CCMA ([2006] 9 BLLR 833 (LC)) case. It was in this case, which has been quoted and followed innumerable times (a significant recent case being that of BEMAWU v SABC [2016] ZALCJHB 74 (2 March 2016)), that the court emphasised item 4(1) of the Code of Good Practice: Dismissal (Schedule 8, Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995) which provides that there does not have to be a formal disciplinary enquiry. The court indicated that the approach outlined in the code was a “significant and fundamental” departure from the criminal justice model, which “likened a workplace disciplinary enquiry to a criminal trial”.It is also, however well-established that arbitrators, and disciplinary chairpersons, must follow basic rules of fair procedure and evidence.This tension between avoiding over-formality while remaining true to basic rules of evidence and procedure is again evident in a recent case (Minister of Police v RM M Safety and Security Sectoral Bargaining Council (2017) 38 ILJ 402 (LC)), which deals with the proper manner to treat hearsay evidence in a labour dispute resolution arbitration.The case sends the message that if the proceedings of a disciplinary enquiry are conducted with a relatively high degree of formality, and fairly scrupulous adherence to what might be described as the criminal justice model – then one might be able to create a prima facie case against the dismissed employee at the de novo arbitration hearing while avoiding the re-calling of the witnesses – and instead by simply tendering the (hearsay) record of the disciplinary proceedings. The case also contributes to the jurisprudence seeking to protect (such as children, in casu) by canvassing means by which such witnesses may be spared having to repeatedly testify to traumatic events.