bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the effectiveness of a verbal autopsy workshop
Authors: Agarwal Neeraj , Chaudhary Neha , Ahmad Shamshad , Pathak Pankaj Kumar 
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
AIIMS Delhi developed an online platform Mortality in India established through Verbal Autopsies, which ultimately provides data on the cause of death in the country. AIIMS Patna being one of the partner institutions in this initiative of AIIMS Delhi, thus, conducted a 2-day workshop of Registrar General of India supervisors with the objective to strengthen the knowledge of participants and improve their practices on writing a good narrative during verbal autopsy (VA) using a key symptom list.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 32 participants attended the 2-day workshop at the Department of Community and Family Medicine, AIIMS Patna, in January 2019. A pretest questionnaire was administered before the start of the workshop and to test the improvement in knowledge of participants after attending the workshop, the same questionnaire was again administered as a posttest at the end of the workshop. Feedback of participants was also collected on a predesigned semi-structured questionnaire. The collected responses were entered in MS Excel 2010. Descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated using SPSS version 16.0 software.

Results:
There was a statistically significant improvement (P < 0.001) in the mean posttest score (8.6 ± 1.2) as compared to the mean pretest score (6.1 ± 2.8). Maximum participants, i.e., 15 (46.8%), reported that filling VA forms in a narrative way was the most useful part of the workshop. All the participants, i.e., 32 (100%), strongly agreed that the workshop was appropriately organized, content of the training was relevant, they were encouraged to actively participate, and adequate material was provided.

Conclusion:
Further intensive workshop with more field training and refresher training at regular intervals is expected in future.
Mental health problems among health-care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Sukumaran Anil Bindu , Manju L. , Jose Regi , Narendran Meghana , Padmini C. , NazeemaBeevi P. , Vijith Divija , Kumari R. Beena , Prakash Shilpa , Nath Jithu S. J. , Benny P. V. 
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
As the pandemic of COVID-19 stretches, its wings across the different parts of the world over the past few months, it is very likely that mental health problems increase, particularly among the health-care workers who have higher risk of exposure to the disease and also to sufferings of the people affected with the disease.

Objective:
To assess the prevalence and factors associated with depression, anxiety, and stress among health-care workers from Kerala during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study among 544 health-care workers from Kerala was conducted by a self-administered online questionnaire in Google Forms by chain referral sampling with Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 scale during initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. The tests of significance used were Mann–Whitney U-tests and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Odds ratios and 95% confidence interval are estimated.

Results:
During the early pandemic period, 9.7% of health-care workers had mild depression and 13.3% had moderate-to-severe depression. While 4% had mild anxiety and 3.5% had moderate-to-severe anxiety, about 6.8% had mild stress and 6.4% had moderate-to-severe stress. The anxiety symptoms were significantly higher among nurses compared to doctors. Emotional and social support from higher health authorities is a significant protective factor against stress and depression. Frontline workers have 84% higher risk to have depression.

Conclusions:
Frontline health-care workers who are directly involved in the screening, diagnosis, treatment, and care for patients with COVID-19 are at higher risk of experiencing poor mental health outcomes. Emotional and social support from higher health authorities is a significant protective factor against depression and stress among health-care workers.
Diagnostic accuracy of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group of India criteria for the screening of gestational diabetes mellitus in primary care setting
Authors: Balagopalan Nitya , Pathak Rambha , Islam Farzana , Nigam Aruna , Kapur Prem , Agarwal Sarita 
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
Although the Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group of India (DIPSI) criterion is recommended by the Government of India guidelines, there is lack of consensus on a universal criterion for diagnosis of gestational diabetes. This has led to a wide variation of pregnant women being diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The WHO 1999 and International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria are widely used globally and in India as well. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of DIPSI criteria in comparison to WHO 1999 and IADPSG criteria for diagnosis of GDM.

Materials and Methods:
A community-based study was conducted for a period of 1 year. Oral glucose tolerance test was done on 506 pregnant women identified through house-to-house survey. The proportion of GDM cases by WHO, IADPSG, and DIPSI criteria was calculated. The diagnostic accuracy of DIPSI criteria was assessed by calculating sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values taking WHO and IADSPG criteria as gold standard.

Results:
The prevalence of GDM was 14.2% by WHO criteria, 13% by DIPSI criteria, and 27.3% by IADPSG criteria; 10.3% were diagnosed by all the three criteria. The sensitivity and specificity of DIPSI criteria when the WHO criteria was taken as the gold standard was found to be 86.1% and 99.08%. The sensitivity and specificity of DIPSI criteria when the IADPSG criteria was taken as gold standard was found to be 44.93% and 98.91%, respectively.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of GDM is found to be much higher by IADPSG criteria as compared to the WHO and DIPSI criteria. The single-step approach DIPSI criteria have good diagnostic accuracy and can be used in epidemiological studies and are feasible for diagnosis of GDM in primary care settings.
Effectiveness of thiamine therapy in mortality rate in patients with septic shock
Authors: Kanchanasurakit Sukrit , Suthumpoung Pornsinee , Santimaleeworagun Wichai , Nakaranurack Chotirat , Huynh Nina S. , Srisawat Chansinee , Nunta Monnaree , Chirakan Virakarn , Saokaew Surasak 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Septic shock is a serious condition leading to increased mortality. Despite previous report of no benefit, thiamine has emerged as potential therapy to reduce mortality in septic shock patients. This study aimed to investigate the effect of thiamine in mortality rate in patients with septic shock.

Methods:
Eight databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Science Direct, Scopus, Cochrane, CINAHL, Open Grey, and Dart-Europe, were systematically searched from the inception of the database up to August 21, 2020. Studies evaluating the effectiveness of thiamine on mortality rate in septic shock patients compared between thiamine and placebo were included. We used random-effects model to analyze the mortality with risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). The subgroup and sensitivity analysis were performed to examine the influence of variables. Publication bias was considered using funnel plot, Begg's test, and Egger's test.

Results:
A total of 3,658 studies were retrieved and reviewed. Five studies were included for meta-analysis. In random-effects meta-analysis of the randomized controlled trials, although not statistically significant, there was a trend which suggested that thiamine may reduce mortality rate in septic shock patients (RR, 0.96; 95% CI: 0.72–1.28, P = 0.774). The result of sensitivity and subgroup analyses also supported the suggestion that thiamine may decrease mortality in septic shock patients. The Begg's test (P = 0.624) and Egger's test (P = 0.777) revealed no publication bias.

Conclusions:
Although not statistically significant, thiamine may reduce mortality rate in septic shock patients. Further prospective studies with larger sample size are warranted.
Traumatic spine injuries in Eastern India
Authors: Jain Mantu , Mohanty Chitta Ranjan , Doki Sunil Kumar , Radhakrishnan Rakesh Vadakkethil , Khutia Susanta , Patra Saroj Kumar , Biswas Mridul 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Trauma is the leading cause of hospitalization globally, and trauma-induced spinal injuries can be devastating and permanent. The objective of this study was to describe the pattern, association, and outcome in patients with traumatic spine injury (TSI).

Methods:
A retrospective cross-sectional study was undertaken on patients with TSI who presented to the trauma and emergency department of a level 1 trauma center in eastern India between August 15, 2018, and August 14, 2019, by including 103 patients. Information pertaining to demography, mode of injury (MOI), fracture morphology, neurological grading, and associated spinal or other regional injuries was obtained. Correlation among injury severity score (ISS), neurological damage as per American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA), and morphological patterns was determined.

Results:
The median age was 39 years, and the gender ratio was 5.87:1. Fall from height (43.7%) was the most common MOI. The median ISS was 21, and the percentage of patients with polytrauma was 73% (ISS > 15). The cervical region (n = 30) was the most common site of injury, and multiple vertebral involvement (n = 32) was more common than isolated involvement. Type A pattern (53.4%) was the predominant type, followed by types C and B (29.1% and 15.5%, respectively) for primary spine injury, and type A was the predominant type for secondary spinal injury. Severe neurological damage (ASIA A-C) was noticed in 69 patients. The correlation between ISS and ASIA scores (Spearman's ρ = 0.561, P < 0.001) and between morphology type and ASIA score (Pearson's χ 2= 69.7, P < 0.001) was statistically significant. In total, 53 patients were managed surgically and 24 patients were managed by conservative measures.

Conclusion:
Our study found a predominantly younger population, multilevel involvement, significant neurological damage, multiple associated injuries, and higher ISS among the patients of TSI. The pattern in eastern India is different from previous reports from other parts of the country.
Evaluation of Incidence and Reasons of Wrong Side Dental Surgery in Central Maharashtra
Authors: Saluja Harish , Sachdeva Shivani , Chawla Kirti , Mohammadi Syeda Nikhat 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Wrong side surgery (WSS) has gained national attention now. These errors are as terrifying as these involve patients who have undergone surgery on the wrong body part, undergone wrong procedure, or had a procedure intended for another patient.

Materials and Methods:
A questionnaire survey dealing with WSS was prepared, and 300 dental professionals were randomly mailed. All responses were gathered in Excel and analyzed using software SPSS version 19.

Results:
In the present study, the 213 dental professionals working in dental colleges in Ahmednagar gave the feedback, 29 of them had attempted WSS. The study was carried out on in two groups. The first comprised students undergoing bachelors in dentistry and other group was with professionals completed their bachelors in dentistry. The results were highly significant in those undergoing bachelors in dentistry with more incidence of WSS.

Conclusion:
The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHOs) found WSSs as the 3rd highest event. The data are definitely more than that recorded in literature but due to fear clutched at the throat people do not disclose their mistakes though it happens.
A group-theoretic generalization of thep-adic local monodromy theorem
Authors: Ye Shuyang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLetGbe a connected reductive group over ap-adic number fieldF. We propose and study the notions ofG-$\varphi $-modules andG-$(\varphi ,\nabla )$-modules over the Robba ring, which are exact faithfulF-linear tensor functors from the category ofG-representations on finite-dimensionalF-vector spaces to the categories of$\varphi $-modules and$(\varphi ,\nabla )$-modules over the Robba ring, respectively, commuting with the respective fiber functors. We study Kedlaya’s slope filtration theorem in this context, and show thatG-$(\varphi ,\nabla )$-modules over the Robba ring are “G-quasi-unipotent,” which is a generalization of thep-adic local monodromy theorem proved independently by Y. André, K. S. Kedlaya, and Z. Mebkhout.
Transmission Dynamics of Antimicrobial Resistance at a National Referral Hospital in Uganda
Authors: Mboowa Gerald , Sserwadda Ivan , Bulafu Douglas , Chaplain Duku , Wewedru Izale , Seni Jeremiah , Kidenya Benson , Mshana Stephen , Joloba Moses , Aruhomukama Dickson 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT.
Reliable data on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) transmission dynamics in Uganda remains scarce; hence, we studied this area. Eighty-six index patients and “others” were recruited. Index patients were those who had been admitted to the orthopedic ward of Mulago National Referral Hospital during the study period; “others” included medical and non-medical caretakers of the index patients, and index patients’ immediate admitted hospital neighbors. Others were recruited only when index patients became positive for carrying antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB) during their hospital stay. A total of 149 samples, including those from the inanimate environment, were analyzed microbiologically for ARB, and ARB were analyzed for their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and mechanisms underlying observed resistances. We describe the diagnostic accuracy of the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production screening method, and AMR acquisition and transmission dynamics. Index patients were mostly carriers of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (PE) on admission, whereas non-ESBL-PE carriers on admission (61%) became carriers after 48 hours of admission (9%). The majority of ESBL-PE carriers on admission (56%) were referrals or transfers from other health-care facilities. Only 1 of 46 samples from the environment isolated an ESBL-PE. Marked resistance (> 90%) to β-lactams and folate-pathway inhibitors were observed. The ESBL screening method’s sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 100%, 50%, 90%, and 100%, respectively. AMR acquisition and transmission occurs via human–human interfaces within and outside of health-care facilities compared with human–inanimate environment interfaces. However, this remains subject to further research.
Global Health Partnerships During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives and Insights from International Partners
Authors: McHenry Megan S. , Tam Reena P. , Nafiseh Amira A. , Etling Mary Ann , Barnes Adelaide E. , Rule Amy R. L. , Crouse Heather L. , Haq Heather , Morris Lee E. , Murray Brittany L. , Umphrey Lisa A. , Keating Elizabeth M. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT.
Global health partnerships (GHPs) have encountered many challenges during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. New perspectives and insights are needed to guide GHPs when navigating current and future collaborations. This study aimed to understand perspectives and insights of international partners regarding how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted their GHPs with institutions in the United States. We performed a cross-sectional qualitative study conducted through virtual semi-structured interviews performed between June 12, 2020 and July 22, 2020. We queried academic institutions based in the United States to refer individuals from their corresponding international GHP organizations. We invited these individuals to participate in virtual interviews that were audio-recorded and transcribed. We analyzed data qualitatively to identify themes. Eighty-four United States partners provided e-mail addresses for international partners. Ten individuals from these GHPs completed the interview. Participants reported overall positive experiences with their United States-based partners during the pandemic. The following themes emerged: imbalanced decision-making; worry about partnership continuity; opportunity to optimize communication within partnerships; interest in incorporating technology to facilitate engagement; and a desire for increased bilateral exchanges. Several challenges appeared to exist before COVID-19 and were highlighted by the pandemic. Most respondents were optimistic regarding the future of their GHPs. However, concerns were expressed regarding the implications of fewer in-person international experiences with United States trainees and the desire for stronger communication. Although our results do not represent the perspectives and insights of all GHPs, they provide considerations for the future. We urge institutions in the United States to re-examine and strive for equitable relationships with their international partners.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RUSSIAN AND CHINESE FAIRY TALES: CONTRAST IN CULTURES
Authors: БОЛДЫРЕВА О.Н. , ЛИ Б. 
Published: June 2021

Сказки как художественное творение человеческого чувства, духа детства являются кристаллизацией коллективной мудрости, имеют важные языковые и культурные ценности, отражают взгляды людей на человеческую природу. Сказки, как правило, имеют явную иронию и воспитательную природу, используя метафорические методы, чтобы описать предмет, в них глубокая правда проявляется в простой истории. Культурные различия между Китаем и Россией являются важным предметом изучения языка и культуры. Для того чтобы лучше понять китайскую и русскую культуры, углубить взаимопонимание между двумя народами и укрепить обмен между Китаем и Россией, необходимо изучать противоречивые характеристикирусского и китайского характера, что и предпринято в этой статье на материале сказок. На основе анализа русской и китайской сказок в статье сравнивается слабый характер персонажей и раскрываются уникальные национальные стили Китая и России. Путем описания слабого характера проявляются благородные духовные качества. Сказочный жанр русского и китайского фольклора в разной степени изучен, но в последнее время большой интерес проявляется к изучению китайских волшебных сказок. В этой работе мы преследуем следующую цель – провести сравнительно-сопоставительный анализ русской и китайской сказок для выявления общих ценностных ориентаций. Китайский и русский фольклор развивался по-разному, но сегодня сказка является одним из центральных предметов изучения фольклористов обеих стран.
Fairy tales as an artistic creation of human feeling, the spirit of childhood are crystallization of collective wisdom, have important linguistic and cultural values, reflect people's views on human nature. Fairy tales tend to have a clear irony and educational nature, using metaphorical methods to describe the subject, in which deep truth manifests itself in a simple story. The cultural differences between China and Russia are an important subject of language and culture study. In order to better understand Chinese and Russian cultures, deepen mutual understanding between the two peoples and strengthen exchanges between China and Russia, it is necessary to study the conflicting characteristics of the Russian and Chinese character, which is what this article has undertaken on the basis of fairy tales. Based on the analysis of Russian and Chinese fairy tales, the article compares the weak character of the protagonists and reveals the unique national styles of China and Russia. By describing a weak character, noble spiritual qualities are manifested. The fairytale genre of Russian and Chinese folklore has been studied to varying degrees, but recently a great interest has been shown in the study of Chinese fairy tales. In this work, we pursue the following goal - to carry out a comparative analysis of Russian and Chinese fairy tales to identify common value orientations. Chinese and Russian folklore developed in different ways, but today the tale is one of the central subjects of study of folklorists of both countries.
CHANGE OF GENERATIONS AND VALUE SYSTEMS IN THE NORTH CAUCASIAN FEDERAL DISTRICT ON THE EXAMPLE OF GENDER AND FAMILY RELATIONS
Authors: ГАБАРАЕВА М.Р. 
Published: June 2021

Глобализация и технологический прогресс начала XXIв. приводят к фундаментальным изменениям в структуре систем ценностей обществ по всему миру. Интернет и социальные сети сделали прежде закрытые общества открытыми и способствовали межкультурному общению, проводящему к обмену поведенческими практиками. Поколение миллениалов – первое поколение, взрослевшее в новых информационных условиях. Российские миллениалы во многом совпадают с миллениалами Европы и США. В данном контексте интерес представляют общества Северного Кавказа, по представлению многих по-прежнему являющиеся патриархальными и традиционными. Цель исследования – изучение поколенческих изменений северокавказских народов на примере семейных и гендерных отношений. На основании проведенного исследования сделаны следующие выводы: на примере семейных отношений заметно сближение регионов Северного Кавказа с общероссийскими тенденциями в виде снижения числа заключаемых браков, стабильного роста разводов и снижения общего числа рожденных детей. Идеи феминизма также постепенно распространяются среди женской части населения. Одновременно с модернизацией общества в ряде регионов идет архаизация и исламизация, выражаемая в возрастающей популярности многоженства. Наличие разных идеологий внутри одного поколения может приводить к конфликтам, поскольку эти идеологии не только не сочетаются, но и противоречат друг другу.
Technical progress and globalization that happened all over the world at the beginning of the XXI century led to fundamental changes of value systems in societies. The Internet and social media have opened up previously closed societies and contributed to intercultural communication which led to the exchange of behavioral practices. The millennial generation is the first generation that grew up in the new information environment. In many ways Russian millennials are similar to millennials in Europe and the United States. In this context, the societies of the North Caucasus, which, according to many, are still patriarchal and traditional, are of special interest. The purpose of the study is to analyze generational changes in the North Caucasian societies using the example of marital and gender relationships. Based on the study, the following conclusions were made: based on the example of family relationships, there is a noticeable convergence of the regions of the North Caucasus with all-Russian trends in the form of a decrease in the number of marriages, a stable increase in divorce rates and a decrease in the total number of children born. Feminist ideas are also gradually spreading among the female population. Simultaneously, with the modernization of society in a number of regions, archaization and Islamization are taking place, expressed in the growing popularity of polygamy. The presence of different ideologies within one generation are able to lead to conflicts, since these ideologies not only do not combine, but also contradict each other and create unstable environment.