bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A large deletion in the Plasminogen gene is associated with ligneous membranitis in a Maltese dog
Authors: Turba M. E. , Ostan P. C. , Ghetti S. , Dajbychova M. , Dondi F. , Gentilini F. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryLigneous membranitis/conjunctivitis (LM, OMIM 217090) is a hereditary disorder caused by a congenital plasminogen (PLG) deficiency. In veterinary medicine, LM (OMIA 002020‐9615) has rarely been reported in Golden Retrievers, Yorkshire Terriers, Doberman Pinschers and Scottish Terriers. In the latter breed, an A>T variation in an intron donor site of the PLG gene (PLG, c.1256+2T>A) has been found to be the sole causative molecular defect reported to date in dogs. Owing to the absence of plasmin enzymatic clearance which in turn depends on the lack of its proenzyme plasminogen, fibrin deposits tend to accumulate in viscous membranes on the eyes, triggering and sustaining an intense inflammatory response. A case of LM was diagnosed in a 7‐month‐old male Maltese dog. The dog was examined for severe recurrent conjunctivitis. A diagnosis of ligneous conjunctivitis was made by an ophthalmologist after a thorough eye examination and was confirmed by a complete lack of plasma activity of plasminogen. The main local signs were redness of the conjunctiva with persistent membranes having ligneous (wood‐like) membranes on the eyes. The disease was associated with a complex rearrangement involving the plasminogen gene loci, causing the complete deletion of exon 1. This study provides a spontaneous animal model for LM associated with complete plasminogen deficiency and provides a method for detecting affected or carrier dogs.
Design and Evaluation of Visualization Techniques to Facilitate Argument Exploration
Authors: Khartabil D. , Collins C. , Wells S. , Bach B. , Kennedy J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper reports the design and comparison of three visualizations to represent the structure and content within arguments. Arguments are artifacts of reasoning widely used across domains such as education, policy making, and science. Anargumentis made up of sequences of statements (premises) which can support or contradict each other, individually or in groups through Boolean operators. Understanding the resulting hierarchical structure of arguments while being able to read the arguments' text poses problems related to overview, detail, and navigation. Based on interviews with argument analysts we iteratively designed three techniques, each using combinations of tree visualizations (sunburst, icicle), content display (in‐situ, tooltip) and interactive navigation. Structured discussions with the analysts show benefits of each these techniques; for example, sunburst being good in presenting overview but showing arguments in‐situ is better than pop‐ups. A controlleduser study with 21 participants and three tasks shows complementary evidence suggesting that a sunburst with pop‐up for the content is the best trade‐off solution. Our results can inform visualizations within existing argument visualization tools and increase the visibility of ‘novel‐and‐effective’ visualizations in the argument visualization community.
Association between aspirin‐induced hemoglobin decline and outcome after acute ischemic stroke in G6PD‐deficient patients
Authors: Chen Yicong , Li Jianle , Ou Zilin , Zhang Yusheng , Liang Zhijian , Deng Weisheng , Huang Weixian , Ouyang Fubing , Yu Jian , Xing Shihui , Zeng Jinsheng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimsThe risk of hemoglobin decline induced by low‐dose aspirin in glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency remains unknown, and its influence on stroke outcome remains to be investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of G6PD deficiency on hemoglobin level during aspirin treatment and its association with outcome after acute ischemic stroke.MethodsIn total, 279 patients (40 G6PD‐deficient and 239 G6PD‐normal) with acute ischemic stroke treated with aspirin 100 mg/day from a cohort study were examined. The primary safety endpoint was a hemoglobin decline ≥25 g/L or 25% from baseline within 14 days after aspirin treatment. Poor outcomes were defined as a modified Rankin Scale score ≥2 at 3 months. The χ2 test was used to compare stroke outcomes, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to analyze the association between hemoglobin level and outcomes.ResultsThe G6PD‐deficient group had lower baseline hemoglobin and tended to develop comorbid pulmonary infection more frequently (p < 0.05). The proportion of patients with hemoglobin decline ≥25 g/L or 25% from baseline (15.0% vs. 3.3%; p = 0.006) and anemia (30.0% vs. 14.6%; p = 0.016) after aspirin treatment was higher in the G6PD‐deficient group, which was accompanied by a more significant bilirubin increase. The rate of poor functional outcomes at 3 months after acute ischemic stroke was higher in the G6PD‐deficient group (Risk ratio = 1.31 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.10–1.56]; p = 0.017). Confounder‐adjusted analysis showed that lower hemoglobin levels (odds ratio = 0.98 [95% CI = 0.96–0.99]; adjusted p = 0.009) increased the risk of poor functional outcomes.ConclusionHemoglobin decrease with bilirubin increase after aspirin treatment in patients with G6PD deficiency suggests hemolysis, which may influence stroke prognosis. The risk of hemoglobin decline should be carefully monitored in G6PD‐deficient patients with ischemic stroke taking aspirin.
The sector is ready, and the community needs Australian alcohol and other drug treatment services to ask about sexuality and gender identity
Authors: Freestone Jack , Mooney‐Somers Julie , Hudson Suzie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSexuality and gender diverse Australians are a priority population in federal and state‐based alcohol and other drug (AOD) strategies. Research evidence shows higher prevalence of AOD use by lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ) people, riskier use and a higher proportion have accessed AOD treatment. Despite these disparities, Australian AOD treatment services do not routinely collect data on sexuality or gender identity. As a result, the treatment needs, experiences and outcomes of LGBTQ people remain largely invisible. The Australian Bureau of Statistics' recently released standardised indicators for the recording of sex, gender, variations of sex characteristics and sexual orientation presents an opportunity for the AOD sector to implement inclusive data collection as a foundational step towards achieving policy priorities for LGBTQ people. This commentary includes an implementation case study from the New South Wales non‐government AOD treatment sector, where sexuality and gender identity indicators have been collected since 2016.
Neuroimaging findings in children with cerebral palsy with autism and/or attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a population‐based study
Authors: PÅhlman Magnus , Gillberg Christopher , Himmelmann Kate 
Published: August 2021

AimTo compare neuroimaging patterns according to the Magnetic Resonance Imaging Classification System (MRICS) in children with cerebral palsy (CP) with and without autism and/or attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).MethodThis population‐based study assessed 184 children (97 males, 87 females) with CP born from 1999 to 2006 from the CP register of western Sweden, who had completed comprehensive screening and clinical assessment for neuropsychiatric disorders and undergone neuroimaging.ResultsAutism (total prevalence 30%) and ADHD (31%) were common in all neuroimaging patterns, including normal. Autism and ADHD were not more prevalent in children with bilateral than unilateral lesions, contrary to other associated impairments. Children with predominant white matter injury, related to insults in the late second or early third trimester, had the highest prevalence of autism (40%). Children who had sustained a middle cerebral artery infarction had the highest prevalence of ADHD (62%).InterpretationAlthough autism and ADHD are common regardless of neuroimaging patterns, timing and localization of insult appear to be of importance for the occurrence of autism and ADHD in children with CP. Neuroimaging may be of prognostic value for these associated impairments. Further in‐depth neuroimaging studies may lead to a better understanding of the association between CP and neuropsychiatric disorders.
Teaching Spreadsheet‐Based Analysis of Multisource Continuous Facility Location Problems
Authors: Brusco Michael 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe center‐of‐gravity, Weber, and rectilinear minisum problems are common exemplars in single‐facility (single‐source) continuous location theory and the first of these is covered in many operations management (OM) textbooks. Extensions to multiple‐facility (or multisource) continuous location problems are seldom covered in OM textbooks. I have developed an Excel workbook for analyzing multisource extensions of each of the three single‐source location problems. The workbook can be used in OM courses for several purposes, which include: (i) illustrating the basic principles of single‐source continuous location theory, (ii) highlighting solution differences that might result from different assumptions concerning distance measurement, and, most importantly, (iii) demonstrating the more complex multisource continuous location problems that require positioning of multiple‐source facilities and the assignment of demand sites to those facilities.
Temporal dynamics of freshwater fish assemblages, their background and methods of quantifications—A synthesis
Authors: Czeglédi István , Specziár András , Erős Tibor 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe temporal dynamics of biotic communities have been widely examined by ecologists. However, systematic reviews on how habitat features, sampling and data evaluation influence temporal patterns are rather sporadic. Here, we reviewed 307 peer‐reviewed scientific articles to characterize the methods and the approaches, as well as to identify the knowledge gaps in the assessment of the temporal dynamics of freshwater fish assemblages with special regard to their stability patterns. The number of publications increased exponentially over decades. We revealed a highly uneven distribution of the studies among continents and ecosystems with a dominant number of papers derived from North America and Europe, and from lotic systems, especially. We also found large variability among studies even within similar habitat types in the examined spatial and temporal scales, sampling methods used, examined assemblage attributes, potential stressors and data analyses. Several knowledge gaps, such as the limited number of large‐scale studies, the insufficient knowledge on the long‐term dynamics of early life history stages and on trait‐based assemblage organization, were highlighted. For enabling meaningful comparisons of fish assemblage dynamics in space and time, further developments in standardization procedures are needed across sampling and data evaluation possibilities. Publicly accessible long‐term data sets with more details on sampling and environmental parameters would also be critically important to determine the effect of a variety of factors on the stability vs. variability of fish assemblages.
Perceived stress and pain severity in individuals with chronic migraine: A longitudinal cohort study using daily prospective diary data
Authors: Vives‐Mestres Marina , Casanova Amparo , Hershey Andrew D. , Orr Serena L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to describe patterns of peak attack severity from day‐to‐day, and in relation to same‐day perceived stress, in individuals with chronic migraine (CM).BackgroundAlthough changes in perceived stress are often believed to trigger attacks, little is known about the relationship between perceived stress and attack severity, and about the role of perceived stress in the day‐to‐day experience of individuals with CM, as opposed to those with less frequent attacks.MethodsThis was an observational prospective longitudinal cohort study among adults with CM. Daily data about headache, symptoms, and lifestyle factors were collected using the N1‐Headache™ digital health platform for 90 days. Days were classified as “migraine days” when a headache occurred that met the International Classification of Headache Disorders criteria. Perceived stress was measured using a 0–10 rating scale. On migraine days, peak pain severity was recorded on a four‐point categorical pain scale. Participant‐level plots of daily peak severity, colored by perceived stress score, were generated. The relationship between peak severity and perceived stress was also modeled and adjusted for sex, age, continuous headache, presence of menstrual bleeding, day of the week, and disability.ResultsData on 136 participants with 8216 migraine days were analyzed. Sixty‐nine percent (94/136) of participants reported the same peak severity on the majority (≥50%) of their migraine days. For every one unit increase in perceived stress, the odds of reporting a higher peak severity were 10% higher (adjusted OR [95% CI] = 1.10 [1.07–1.14]). The inclusion of random effects for the intercept and slope improved the model and demonstrated that there were large differences in individuals’ reporting of peak severity and in the relationship between perceived stress and peak severity.ConclusionIndividuals with CM report distinct patterns of peak severity from day‐to‐day. Although overall higher perceived stress was associated with higher peak severity, there is a substantial amount of variation between individuals in this relationship.
Statin gap in patients living with HIV: assessing dose appropriateness
Authors: Pincus Kathleen J. , Blackman Alison L. , Suen Samuel Y. , Devabhakthuni Sandeep , Gale Stormi , Noel Zachary R. , Seung Hyunuk , Pandit Neha Sheth 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesPatients living with HIV (PLWH) are predisposed to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), resulting in concomitant antiretroviral and statin use. A statin prescribing gap for PLWH has been reported, but appropriateness of statin selection and dosing (ASD) has not been described.MethodsThis is a comparative, retrospective study reviewing ASD in PLWH vs. uninfected patients at two outpatient clinics within an academic medical centre. Adults > 21 years old indicated for statin therapy were included. The primary outcome was percentage of PLWH prescribed an appropriately dosed statin, accounting for clinical‐ and patient‐related variables, compared with uninfected patients. The secondary outcome was to identify patient characteristics associated with inappropriately dosed statins.ResultsAfter propensity score matching, 879 PLWH and 879 uninfected patients were included for analysis. Fewer PLWH (27.8%, n = 244) were prescribed an ASD compared with uninfected patients (40.5%, n = 356, P < 0.001). Similar rates of statin omission were seen in both populations (P = 0.11). More PLWH received too low a dose compared with the uninfected population (P < 0.0064). There were lower ASD rates in PLWH for subgroups of patients with clinical ASCVD (P = 0.00013) and 10‐year ASCVD risk ≥7.5% (P = 0.00055), but not in patients with low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥190 mg/dL or diabetes.ConclusionsAlthough a statin gap exists in both PLWH and uninfected patients, the clinical significance may be greater for PLWH given the increased risk of ASCVD. This study confirms a larger statin gap in PLWH, particularly when underdosing of statin medications is considered. Additional analysis is warranted to investigate reasons for the ASD gap and beneficial clinical interventions.
The three as: Alternative splicing, alternative polyadenylation and their impact on apoptosis in immune function
Authors: Blake Davia , Lynch Kristen W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe latest advances in next‐generation sequencing studies and transcriptomic profiling over the past decade have highlighted a surprising frequency of genes regulated by RNA processing mechanisms in the immune system. In particular, two control steps in mRNA maturation, namely alternative splicing and alternative polyadenylation, are now recognized to occur in the vast majority of human genes. Both have the potential to alter the identity of the encoded protein, as well as control protein abundance or even protein localization or association with other factors. In this review, we will provide a summary of the general mechanisms by which alternative splicing (AS) and alternative polyadenylation (APA) occur, their regulation within cells of the immune system, and their impact on immunobiology. In particular, we will focus on how control of apoptosis by AS and APA is used to tune cell fate during an immune response.
DNM3OS regulates GAPDH expression and influences the molecular pathogenesis of Huntington’s disease
Authors: Dong Xiaoyu , Cong Shuyan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEmerging studies have suggested that dysregulated long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases (NDD) including Huntington's disease (HD); however, the pathophysiological mechanism by which lncRNA dysregulation participates in HD remains to be elucidated. Here, we aim to analyse the expression of lncRNA‐DNM3OS and identify the possible DNM3OS/miR‐196b‐5p/GAPDH pathway. PC12 cells induced by rat pheochromocytoma expressing HD gene exon 1 fragment with either 23 or 74 polyglutamine repeats fused to the green fluorescent protein (GFP) were cultured. Our results show that GAPDH and DNM3OS were upregulated in HD PC12 cells, downregulation of which lead to inhibition of aggregate formation accompanied by a decreased apoptosis rate and increased relative ROS levels and cell viability. Moreover, upregulated DNM3OS decreased the expression of miR‐196b‐5p by sponging, and GAPDH was a direct target of miR‐196b‐5p, playing an important pathogenic role in the formation of aggregates in the HD cell model. Our study uncovers a novel DNM3OS/miR‐196b‐5p/GAPDH pathway involved in the molecular pathogenesis of HD, which may offer a potential therapeutic strategy for HD.
Advances in peeling techniques for fresh produce
Authors: Kohli Deepika , Champawat Padam Singh , Mudgal Vishwambhar Dayal , Jain Sanjay Kumar , Tiwari Brijesh K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPeeling is a significant stage of post‐harvest processing of fruits or vegetables. The most adopted peeling methods are mechanical, steam, chemical, and manual peeling. Apart from these methods, some other methods such as enzymatic, infrared, and some methods like ohmic heating, ultrasound‐assisted lye peeling, and pulse electric field‐assisted steam peeling are also used. To concern the freshness of the product, manual peeling is the most ideal method but it consumes an inefficient amount of time and physical labor. Mechanical method consumes less time and under this process, the collected peel can be utilized in the by‐product stream. Lye peeling is an efficient method but the disposal of lye after the process is an environmental concern. Adjusting this system to include ultrasound, ohmic heating and CO2 laser drilling coupled with moderate electric fields can be used to reduce the lye requirement. Enzymatic peeling produces good quality products with low waste but can only be applied to fruits whose distinct separation of peel from the flesh is needed. PEF‐assisted steam peeling helps immensely in terms of cost‐saving by reducing the high use of steam. Infrared dry‐peeling only heats the superficial layer of fruits and possesses minimal effect in an edible inner portion of fruit. It uses less time with low peeling loss, high peelability, high peeling yields, thin skin is peeled‐off, but needs more research to justify industry implementation. In conclusion, the novel method assisted peeling can be used to save the time, environment, and quality of the fruit or vegetables.Practical applicationsPeeling is the primary post‐harvest process applies to the group of foods and it is crucial to have minimal damage to the products at this stage. For utilization of the peeling process in any processing, the knowledge of the all available and efficient peeling process for the individual fruit or vegetable is necessary. The main objective of the review is to outline the applicable current and novel peeling techniques for the commodities with their process conditions, mechanisms, advantages, and disadvantages.
A skeleton in the cupboard in ghrelin research: Where are the skinny dwarfs?
Authors: Peris‐Sampedro Fiona , Le May Marie V. , Stoltenborg Iris , Schéle Erik , Dickson Suzanne L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBased on studies delivering ghrelin or ghrelin receptor agonists, we have learned a great deal about the importance of the brain ghrelin signalling system for a wide range of physiological processes that include feeding behaviours, growth hormone secretion and glucose homeostasis. Because these processes can be considered as essential to life, the question arises as to why mouse models of depleted ghrelin signalling are not all skinny dwarfs with a host of behavioural and metabolic problems. Here, we provide a systematic detailed review of the phenotype of mice with deficient ghrelin signalling to help better understand the relevance and importance of the brain ghrelin signalling system, with a particular emphasis on those questions that remain unanswered.
The impact of a tailored mindfulness‐based program for resident physicians on distress and the quality of care: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Fendel Johannes C. , Aeschbach Vanessa M. , Schmidt Stefan , Göritz Anja S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundMany resident physicians suffer from distress, which endangers their individual health and the quality of care.ObjectiveTo examine the impact of a tailored mindfulness‐based program (MBP) for resident physicians on distress and the quality of care.MethodsA single‐centre, two‐armed, longitudinal randomised controlled trial. The intervention group took part in an 8‐week, tailored MBP that included a coursebook. The MBP was followed by a 4‐month maintenance phase. The active control group received the coursebook for self‐study. Assessments were at baseline (t0, 0 months), after the intervention (t1, 2 months), after the maintenance phase (t2, 6 months), and at follow‐up (t3, 12 months). The primary outcome was a change in burnout at t2. Secondary outcomes included perceived stress, mental distress, perceived job strain, depression, anxiety, hair cortisol secretion, self‐reported medical errors and third‐party ratings by patients, supervisors and colleagues.ResultsSeventy‐six participants were randomised to the intervention and 71 to the control group. The intervention group showed greater improvements in the primary outcome (burnout at t2, d = 0.32, p = 0.046), in perceived stress (d = 0.31, p = 0.046) and perceived job strain (d = 0.33, p = 0.026) at t1, and in supervisor rated empathy (d = 0.71, p = 0.037) and colleague rated attentiveness (d = 0.85, p = .006) at t2. There was no difference between groups in the other outcomes.ConclusionA tailored MBP for resident physicians improved burnout and might have improved other aspects of distress and the quality of care.