bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2D MoS2 Heterostructures on Epitaxial and Self‐Standing Graphene for Energy Storage: From Growth Mechanism to Application
Authors: Zebardastan Negar , Bradford Jonathan , Gupta Bharati , Lipton‐Duffin Josh , MacLeod Jennifer , Pham Hong Duc , Dubal Deepak , Ostrikov Kostya , Wolff Annalena , Hu Kailong , Ito Yoshikazu , Mariani Carlo , Betti Maria Grazia , Motta Nunzio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLayered molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) crystals in combination with graphene create the opportunity for the development of heterostructures with tailored surface and structural properties for energy storage applications. Herein, 2D heterostructures are developed by growing MoS2 on epitaxial and self‐standing nanoporous graphene (NPG) using chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The effect of substrate as well as different CVD growth parameters such as temperature, amount of sulfur and MoO3 precursors, and argon flow on the growth of MoS2 is systematically investigated. Interestingly, various structures of MoS2 such as monolayer triangular islands, spirals, standing sheets, and irregular stacked multilayered MoS2 are successfully developed. The growth mechanism is proposed using different advanced characterization techniques. The formation of a continuous wetting layer with grain boundaries over the surface prior to formation of any other structures is detected. As a proof of principle, MoS2/NPG is employed for the first time as anode material in potassium ion battery. The electrode delivers a specific capacity of 389 mAh g−1 with over 98% stability after 200 cycles. The porous structures clearly facilitate the ion transport which is beneficial for the ion battery. These encouraging results open new opportunities to develop hierarchical heterostructures of 2D‐materials for next‐generation energy storage technologies.
Multi‐Object Detector YOLOv4‐Tiny Enables High‐Throughput Combinatorial and Spatially‐Resolved Sorting of Cells in Microdroplets
Authors: Howell Lewis , Anagnostidis Vasileios , Gielen Fabrice 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe encapsulation of cells together with micro‐objects in monodispersed water‐in‐oil microdroplets offers a powerful means to perform quantitative biological studies within large cell populations. In such applications, accurate object detection is crucial to ensure control over the content for every compartment. In particular, the ability to rapidly count and localize objects is key to future applications in single‐cell ‐omics, cellular aggregation, and cell‐to‐cell interactions. In this paper, the authors combine the Deep Learning object detector YOLOv4‐tiny with microfluidic Image‐Activated Droplet Sorting (DL‐IADS), to perform flexible, label‐free classification, counting, and localization of multiple micro‐objects simultaneously and at high‐throughput. They trained YOLOv4‐tiny to detect SH‐SY5Y cells, polyacrylamide beads, and cellular aggregates in a single model, with a precision of 92% for cells, 98% for beads, and 81% for aggregates. They exploit this accuracy and counting ability to implement a closed‐loop feedback that enables controlled loading of microbeads via the automated adjustment of flow rates. They subsequently demonstrate the combinatorial sorting of co‐encapsulated single cells and single beads based on real‐time classification at up to 111 Hz, with enrichment factors of up to 145. Finally, they demonstrate spatially‐resolved sorts by evaluating cell‐to‐cell distances in real‐time to isolate cell doublets with high purity.
Construction of Novel Biomass‐Based Solar Evaporator with Asymmetric Dual‐Layer Structure for Water Desalination
Authors: Liu Jinhua , Xu Linqiong , Li Yongchao , Zhao Jingjing , Jia Xichen , Chao Jiabao , Lv Bizhi , Zhao Yongqing 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSolar desalination technology is regarded as a low‐carbon and environment‐friendly technology to address the water crisis. The current challenge is that sunlight irradiates directly the entire water body, resulting in a low photothermal conversion efficiency. Herein, a novel photothermal compound material with dual‐layer structure for solar‐steam‐generation is developed by depositing multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and carbon black nanoparticles (CB) onto a biomass reed straw (RS) skeleton. With respect to the lower layer of the resultant generator, the porous RS skeleton with open‐cell vessel channels and closed‐cell porous basic tissues can not only supply the water to the upper layer through the capillary force, but also insulate the heat transport. Additionally, the MWCNTs‐CB hybrid photothermal composite on the upper layer with large specific surface and roughness facilitates the evaporation of water by the generated heat from the absorbed solar light. The composite generator possesses an extremely high spectral absorption of ≈99% in wet state, along with a superb evaporation rate of ≈1.45 kg m−2 h−1 and photothermal conversion efficiency of ≈87.58% under one sunlight irradiation. Thus, the deposition of MWCNTs‐CB on a renewable biomass RS skeleton develops an ideal candidate generator that hold a desirable promise for applications in seawater desalination.
Light‐Triggered Drug Release from Red Blood Cells Suppresses Arthritic Inflammation
Authors: Zywot Emilia M. , Orlova Natalia , Ding Song , Rampersad Rishi R. , Rabjohns Emily M. , Wickenheisser Victoria A. , Wang Qunzhao , Welfare Joshua G. , Haar Lauren , Eudy Amanda M. , Tarrant Teresa K. , Lawrence David S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractArthritis is a leading cause of disability in adults, which can be intensely incapacitating. The location and intensity of the pain is both subjective and challenging to manage. Consequently, patient‐directed delivery of anti‐inflammatories is an essential component of future therapeutic strategies for the management of this disorder. The design and application of a light‐responsive red blood cell (RBC)‐conveyed dexamethasone (Dex) construct that enables targeted drug delivery upon illumination of the inflamed site is described. The red wavelength (650 nm) responsive nature of the phototherapeutic is validated using tissue phantoms mimicking the light absorbing properties of various skin types. Furthermore, photoreleased Dex has the same impact on cellular responses as conventional Dex. Murine RBCs containing the photoactivatable therapeutic display comparable circulation properties as fluorescently labeled RBCs. In addition, a single dose of light‐targeted Dex delivery is fivefold more effective in suppressing inflammation than the parent drug, delivered serially over multiple days. These results are consistent with the notion that the circulatory system be used as an on‐command drug depot, providing the means to therapeutically target diseased sites both efficiently and effectively.
Atomic Identification of Interfaces in Individual Core@shell Quantum Dots
Authors: Liu Guiju , Liang Wenshuang , Xue Xuyan , Rosei Federico , Wang Yiqian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCdSe@CdS Core@shell quantum dots (QDs) have been widely studied in recent years, due to their architecture which allows to tailor properties by controlling structure and composition. However, since CdSe and CdS have the same crystal structure, same cations, and similar lattice parameters, it is very challenging to image the interface. Herein, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, high‐angle annular dark‐field imaging, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy elemental mapping are combined to characterize the core@shell structure and identify the interface in the CdSe@CdS QDs with different CdS shell thicknesses. By examining changes in lattice spacing in an individual CdSe@CdS quantum dot, the atomic core@shell interface is identified. For thin‐shelled QDs, an ideal coherent interface forms between core and shell due to the small lattice mismatch, and the lattice spacing remains unchanged at the core and shell regions. For thick‐shelled QDs, the lattice spacing is different at the core and shell regions, while the heterostructured interface is still coherent and cannot be clearly imaged. As the shell thickness further increases, a sharp core@shell interface appears. The results define an approach to characterize the heterostructure of two materials with the same crystalline structure and cations.
Stretchable Zn‐Ion Hybrid Battery with Reconfigurable V2CTx and Ti3C2Tx MXene Electrodes as a Magnetically Actuated Soft Robot
Authors: Li Yang , Yang Haitao , Zhang Tianran , Li Shuo , Li Shuai , He Shuaiming , Chen Tianle , Lee Jim Yang , Zhao Yusheng , Chen Po‐Yen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractStretchable energy storage devices have become indispensable components toward energy autonomy for wearable electronic, implantable medical devices, and untethered soft machines. A Zn‐based battery with a neutral electrolyte could act as a competitive candidate for wearable/implantable electronics because of its intrinsic safety and high energy density. Therefore, it is highly desired to develop a synergistic combination of stretchable anodes/cathodes and neutral electrolytes for stretchable Zn‐based batteries. Herein, a scalable fabrication process is developed to produce stretchable Zn‐ion hybrid batteries composed of V2CTx MXene cathodes and zinc‐decorated Ti3C2Tx MXene anodes. To endow high stretchability to the Zn‐ion hybrid battery, both MXene‐based electrodes are fabricated with crumple‐like microtextures enabling reversible folding/unfolding behaviors to attenuate in‐plane stress while stretching. In comparison with the state‐of‐the‐art work, the as‐fabricated Zn‐ion hybrid battery features large deformability (50% strain), ultrathin device (≈170 µm), low areal weight (≈20 mg cm−2), and an ultralow self‐discharge rate (0.7 mV h−1), and demonstrates rechargeable and strain‐insensitive specific capacities of 118.5 and 103.6 mAh g−1 under 0% and 50% strains, respectively. Finally, with ultrathin and lightweight merits, the stretchable battery is further fabricated into a magnetically actuated soft robot with remote control, capable of crawling between two designated points for charging/discharging tasks.
Essentials of High Performance Water Electrolyzers – From Catalyst Layer Materials to Electrode Engineering
Authors: Pham Chuyen Van , Escalera‐López Daniel , Mayrhofer Karl , Cherevko Serhiy , Thiele Simon 
Published: October 2021

AbstractProton‐exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs) will play a key role in future sustainable hydrogen production for mobility, households or chemical industry. Yet, the anode in PEMWEs, where the pivotal oxygen evolution reaction takes place, needs further improvement in terms of performance and cost. Both catalyst materials and electrode structure have to be optimized in order to inhibit degradation and reduce noble metal loadings. This review focuses on a holistic approach, covering all catalyst material, electrode structure, and transport layers within the framework of an overall electrode design, which not only optimizes the catalyst but also, all components of the electrode in conjunction. This review defines the goals for performance metrics of future PEMWEs in terms of power density and durability of the anode. Moreover, it summarizes manufacturing techniques and approaches that have a chance to be upscaled to meet the megawatt deployment of PEMWEs. The different aspects described jointly in this review such as novel catalyst system with higher intrinsic and structural performance or graded porous transport layers shall help to advance a next generation of electrodes.
Doctor‐Blade Casting Fabrication of Ultrathin Li Metal Electrode for High‐Energy‐Density Batteries
Authors: Du Junmou , Wang Wenyu , Wan Mintao , Wang Xiancheng , Li Guocheng , Tan Yucheng , Li Chunhao , Tu Shuibin , Sun Yongming 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe employment of ultrathin Li metal electrodes with matched capacity with current cathodes and improved electrochemical stripping/plating behaviors plays a key role in the realization of high‐energy‐density batteries. However, their fabrication remains challenging using regular cold rolling processing due to inferior processibility of metallic Li. Herein, a facile molten metal doctor‐blade casting approach is explored to fabricate uniform metallic Li layers with thickness ranging from 10 to 50 µm on regular battery Cu current collectors with a lithiophilic Sn interphase layer. The enhanced surface wettability between Li and the spontaneously formed Li–Sn alloy helps to realize uniform spreading, and formation of an ultrathin and uniform metallic Li layer. The existence of the Li–Sn alloy in the bulk of metallic Li electrode helps to reduce the nucleation barrier and improve the electrochemical performance of the Li metal. With a cathode areal capacity of 2.8 mA h cm−2 the LiCoO2||Li/Li–Sn full cell shows improved capacity retention from 58% to 77% after 100 cycles at a lower Negative/Positive ratio of 2/1, offering a high energy density of 662.4 W h kg−1. The enhanced electrochemical performance of the as‐fabricated ultrathin Li metal electrode with high energy density opens up a promising pathway for realizing next‐generation high‐energy‐density batteries.
Processing Rusty Metals into Versatile Prussian Blue for Sustainable Energy Storage
Authors: Peng Jian , Zhang Wang , Wang Jinsong , Li Lin , Lai Weihong , Yang Qiuran , Zhang Binwei , Li Xiaoning , Du Yumeng , Liu Hanwen , Wang Jianli , Cheng Zhenxiang , Wang Lizhen , Wang Shiwen , Wang Jiazhao , Chou Shulei , Liu Huakun , Dou Shixue 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo reach a closed‐loop material system and meet the urgent requirement of sustainable energy storage technologies, it is essential to incorporate efficient waste management into designing new energy storage materials. Here, a “two birds with one stone” strategy to transform rusty iron products into Prussian blue as high‐performance cathode materials, and recover the rusty iron products to their original status, is reported. Owing to the high crystalline and Na+ content, the rusty iron derived Prussian blue shows a high specific capacity of 145 mAh g−1 and excellent cycling stability over 3500 cycles. Through the in situ X‐ray diffraction and in situ Raman spectra, it is found that the impressive ion storage capability and stability are strongly related to the suppressed structure distortion during the charge/discharge process. The ion migration mechanism and the possibility to serve as a universal host for other kinds of ions are further illuminated by density functional theory calculations. This work provides a new strategy for recycling wasted materials into high value‐added materials for sustainable battery systems, and is adaptable in the nanomedicine, catalysis, sensors, and gas storage applications.
Thermally Activated P2‐O3 Mixed Layered Cathodes toward Synergistic Electrochemical Enhancement for Na Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Junghoon , Lim Jin‐Myoung , Park Mihui , Lee Gi‐Hyeok , Lee Suwon , Cho Maenghyo , Kang Yong‐Mook 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLayer‐structured oxide cathodes have a lot of phases, which can be varied depending on Na ion contents and finally determine their electrochemical properties. Therefore, the off‐stoichiometry of layer‐structured oxides with the Na ions may differentiate not only their capacities but also the cyclic stabilities, kinetics, and so on, highlighting the importance of Na ion content. However, Na2CO3 tends to be irreversibly formed on surface by making use of the Na ions lost from the lattice. Thereby, the O3 phase with stoichiometric Na content changes into the off‐stoichiometric P2 phase bringing about significant disadvantages. To address this issue, a thermal activation process is suggested to simultaneously decompose Na2CO3 into electrochemically active Na ions and modulate the off‐stoichiometric P2 phase into the stoichiometric O3 phase. This study indicates that minimizing the loss of Na ions and maintaining the lattice framework with higher contents of Na ions during the synthesis of Na‐incorporating layered cathodes should be a key toward attaining electrochemical superiority.
Presence of Maximal Characteristic Time in Photoluminescence Blinking of MAPbI3 Perovskite
Authors: Seth Sudipta , Podshivaylov Eduard A. , Li Jun , Gerhard Marina , Kiligaridis Alexander , Frantsuzov Pavel A. , Scheblykin Ivan G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPhotoluminescence (PL) blinking is a common phenomenon in nanostructured semiconductors associated with charge trapping and defect dynamics. PL blinking kinetics exhibit very broadly distributed timescales. The traditionally employed analysis of probability distribution of ON and OFF events suffers from ambiguities in their determination in complex PL traces making its suitability questionable. Here, the statistically correct power spectral density (PSD) estimation method applicable for fluctuations of any complexity is employed. PSDs of the blinking traces of submicrometer MAPbI3 crystals at high frequencies follow power law with excitation power density dependent parameters. However, at frequencies less than 0.3 Hz, the majority of the PSDs saturate revealing the presence of a maximal characteristic timescale of blinking in the range of 0.5–10 s independently of the excitation power density. Super‐resolution optical microscopy shows the characteristic timescale to be an inherent material property independent of polycrystallinity. Thus, for the first time the maximum timescale of the multiscale blinking behavior of nanoparticles is observed demonstrating that the power law statistics are not universal for semiconductors. It is proposed that the viscoelasticity of metal‐halide perovskites can limit the maximum timescale for the PL fluctuations by limiting the memory of preceded deformations/re‐arrangements of the crystal lattice.
High‐performance nano‐splitters containing aggregation‐induced emission luminogens for stereoselective crystallization obtained via polymerization‐induced self‐assembly
Authors: Li Bowen , Li Na , Wang Zhaoxu , Ye Xichong , Zhang Jie , Wan Xinhua 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCollecting both enantiomorphs with high optical purity and yield in a single crystallization process can be achieved by adding aggregated polymeric “tailor‐made” additives, known as nano‐splitters. Inefficient preparation and large addition amount have hindered the practical application of such amazing nanoparticles. Herein, we report the first nano‐splitters containing aggregation‐induced emission luminogens prepared via polymerization‐induced self‐assembly of block copolymer, poly[(S)‐2‐(tert‐butoxycarbonylamino)‐6‐(methacrylamido)hexanoic acid]‐b‐polystyrene, followed by the removal of tert‐butoxycarbonyl groups. When added into the supersaturated solution of racemic amino acids (a.a.) with seeds, the fluorescent labeled nano‐assemblies enantioselectivity dyed the crystals of S‐a.a. and enabled the separation from colorless R‐a.a. crystals in terms of fluorescent difference. Both enantiomers were obtained with high optical purity and yield (e.g., R‐ asparagine monohydrate, >99 ee%; S‐ asparagine monohydrate, ∼94 ee%; 88% total yield). Owing to a low detection limit of fluorescence, the addition amount was reduced to 0.03 wt% without remarkably compromising the ee values of both enantiomorphs. Due to the low addition amount and efficient synthesis, the output–input ratio was increased greatly.
Real‐world experience of adalimumab therapy for patients with ulcerative colitis: A single tertiary medical center experience in Central Taiwan
Authors: Yen Hsu‐Heng , Hsu Yu‐Chun , Kuo Chu‐Hsuan , Hsu Tsui‐Chun , Chen Yang‐Yuan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThere are few studies on the treatment outcomes of adalimumab therapy in Taiwanese patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). A total of 102 patients with ulcerative colitis were identified from the electronic clinical database of the Changhua Christian Hospital. The demographic data and clinical features of the disease pattern of the UC patients receiving adalimumab therapy were retrospectively reviewed. Between January 2015 and June 2020, 18 patients with UC received adalimumab therapy. Due to the absence of a response, 5 of the 18 patients (27.7%) only received the induction therapy. Of the 13 patients who received maintenance adalimumab therapy, four discontinued the therapy: three (23.1%) stopped due to a loss of response, and one (7.7%) stopped due to a cutaneous reaction to adalimumab. Because of Taiwan's 1‐year limit on the use of adalimumab, seven patients relapsed and required a second course of therapy. The median period between course completion and relapse was 31 weeks. Two (20%) of the ten patients who finished the first course of therapy did not experience a relapse. The treatment response of patients with UC to adalimumab therapy appears to be comparable to those in previously published Western studies. The majority of patients who responded to adalimumab will relapse following a limited duration of adalimumab therapy in Taiwan.
A eudicot leaf from the Lower Cretaceous (Aptian, Araripe Basin) Crato Konservat‐Lagerstätte
Authors: Pessoa Edlley M. , Ribeiro Alexandre C. , Jud Nathan A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPremiseThe Crato Konservat‐Lagerstätte in Brazil preserves an exceptionally rich assemblage of plant macrofossils from the Early Cretaceous (late Aptian), including rare early angiosperm fossils related to Nymphaeales, monocots, and magnoliids, and a variety of angiosperms of uncertain affinities. Macrofossils of eudicot angiosperms have not been described previously, despite the presence of tricolpate pollen. We describe a fossil leaf with morphology characteristic of eudicot angiosperms.MethodsThe fossil was collected from a quarry in the Lower Cretaceous (late Aptian) Crato Formation of northeastern Brazil in the state of Ceará. We compared the leaf architecture with that of ferns, gymnosperms, and similar living and fossil angiosperms.ResultsThe leaf ofBaderadea pinnatissectagen. et sp. nov. is simple and petiolate, with leaf architecture similar to that of some herbaceous Ranunculales. The blade is 5 cm long and the margin is untoothed and twice pinnately lobed with narrow lobes (pinnatisect). The primary vein framework is pinnate and there are multiple orders of reticulate venation.ConclusionsThe combination of characters preserved in the fossil supports the interpretation thatB. pinnatissectawas an herbaceous eudicot similar to some members of Ranunculales and distinguished from other lobate Aptian angiosperms by leaf shape, presence of multiple orders of reticulate venation, and the absence of glandular teeth. The presence of eudicots in the flora of the Crato was already supported by pollen; the discovery of macrofossils like these provides additional information about their morphology and ecological role in low‐latitude Early Cretaceous plant communities.