bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reciprocal interactions between aphids and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi across plant generations
Authors: Chitty Ruth P. , Gange Alan C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe conditions experienced by one plant generation can influence the growth of the offspring generation. These maternal effects can reduce performance of foliar-feeding insects, through accumulation of plant defences. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inhabit the roots of plants and are known to influence the performance of foliar-feeding insects. However, all published studies of the interactions between insects and AMF have taken place within one plant generation, but none across generations. Thus, in the present study, Senecio vulgaris plants were grown with or without aphids and AMF (termed ‘induction events’), and seeds from each treatment were used to grow plants experiencing that same treatment over four successive generations, all grown in identical environmental conditions. Naïve aphids were reared on Senecio plants whose parents had experienced 0, 1, 2 or 3 induction events. We found strong negative maternal effects of herbivory on aphid growth, which were not mitigated by the mycorrhiza. However, teneral weight and growth rate showed a gradual recovery; aphids reared on plants whose previous three generations suffered attack were similar in size to those at the beginning of the study. Herbivory had positive or negative effects on the mycorrhiza, dependent upon the number of previous generations suffering attack or having mycorrhizal associations. We conclude that the outcome of many insect plant fungal experiments is likely to have been influenced by and need to account for maternal effects of the parental plant’s growth conditions.
Nox4-IGF2 Axis Promotes Differentiation of Embryoid Body Cells Into Derivatives of the Three Embryonic Germ Layers
Authors: Kim Jusong , Kim Jaewon , Lim Hee Jung , Lee Sanghyuk , Bae Yun Soo , Kim Jaesang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles as second messengers in a wide array of cellular processes including differentiation of stem cells. We identified Nox4 as the major ROS-generating enzyme whose expression is induced during differentiation of embryoid body (EB) into cells of all three germ layers. The role of Nox4 was examined using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) generated from Nox4 knockout (Nox4−/−) mouse. Differentiation markers showed significantly reduced expression levels consistent with the importance of Nox4-generated ROS during this process. From transcriptomic analyses, we found insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2), a member of a gene family extensively involved in embryonic development, as one of the most down-regulated genes in Nox4−/− cells. Indeed, addition of IGF2 to culture partly restored the differentiation competence of Nox4−/− iPSCs. Our results reveal an important signaling axis mediated by ROS in control of crucial events during differentiation of pluripotent stem cells.
Graphical Abstract
Personality profile of team handball referees at expert level
Authors: Dodt Marcus , Fasold Frowin , Memmert Daniel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractReferees play a central role in every sport. Particularly at national level, referees must meet ever higher demands due to increasing professionalisation. While cognitive and conditional aspects have already been investigated intensively, personality traits of handball referees have so far only received little attention. In addition to a profound understanding of the game and knowledge of the rules, however, it is precisely the demands on referees’ personalities that are becoming increasingly important. Individual differences in personality are related to job performance in sports, especially with regard to coping with pressure and stress. Thus, personality is considered an essential component of the performance profile of referees and is required in the context of efficient game management. In this study, the personality profiles of male handball referees at expert level (N = 163) were examined for the first time, using the German version of the Big Five Inventory 2 (BFI-2). Standard values of the German general population from a population survey were used for comparison. Referees scored higher values in extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness and a lower value in negative emotionality. The results of this cross-sectional study provide initial insights into the personality of this group of referees and thus lay the foundation for further research. A study with referees from different performance levels or cultural backgrounds could provide information on whether the results of this study only apply to German handball referees at expert level or are valid for all handball referees.
Probing ‘operational coherence’ in Hasok Chang’s pragmatic realism
Authors: El Mawas Omar 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHasok Chang is developing a new form of pragmatic scientific realism that aims to reorient the debate away from truth and towards practice. Central to his project is replacing truth as correspondence with his new notion of ‘operational coherence’, which is introduced as: 1) A success term with probative value to judge and guide epistemic activities. 2) A more useful alternative than truth as correspondence in guiding scientific practice. I argue that, given its current construal as neither necessary nor sufficient for success, operational coherence is too weak and fails to satisfy both 1) and 2). I offer a stronger construal of operational coherence which aims to improve on Chang’s account by tying it to systematic success. This makes operational coherence necessary and sufficient for (systematic) success. This new account, if successful, rescues 1) but not 2). I then take a step back and try to locate Chang’s pragmatic realism within the broader pragmatist tradition by comparing his views to the founding fathers Peirce, James and Dewey. I also assess to what extent we should consider Chang’s position ‘realist’, arguing that despite the many relativists threads running through it, Chang’s pragmatic realism is deserving of the realist label because its aims to maximize our learning from reality, even if it falls short of what many traditional realist are happy to accept as realism. I finish with comments on the epistemology of science pointing out that there is nothing intrinsic about a practice-based philosophy of science that precludes having both operational coherence and correspondence and highlighting that given a proper understanding these two notions could, in fact, be understood as complementary. I suggest one way this could be done.
Studies on natural gas production prediction and risk quantification of Sinian gas reservoir in Sichuan Basin
Authors: Yu Guo , Chen Yanru , Li Haitao , Liu Linqing , Wang Chenyu , Chen Yu , Zhang Dongming 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Sinian gas reservoir in the Sichuan Basin has the potential for natural gas exploration and development. Production prediction and risk quantification are important in planning of natural gas resources. Ultimate recoverable reserves (URRs) of Sinian gas reservoir are estimated. Hubbert and Gauss models are used to predict the growth trend of production in the gas reservoir. Based on the prediction results, the Monte Carlo simulation is used to calculate the probability of production realization. The evaluation matrix of risk level is established by using indices of production realization probability and dispersion degree for assessing the risk level of natural gas production. The results show that: (1) compared to the Hubbert model, the production prediction results of the Gauss model have higher accuracy. The Sinian gas reservoir will reach peak production of $$\left( {140 - 285} \right) \times 10^{8} {\text{m}}^{3} /{\text{a}}$$

140
-
285

×

10
8

m

3

/
a

in 2036 and will have stable production from 2032 to 2040. By the end of the stable production stage, the URR exploitation degree is about 60% and (2) the Monte Carlo method can be used to obtain the production realization probability for each year. The risk level evaluation matrix can be established by taking the probability of realization and the dispersion degree as evaluation indices, which can provide the systematization of the risk levels. The study can help to better understand the guiding significance for the natural gas exploration and development.
Constraining tectonic components during a geomechanics-aided successful hydrofracturing campaign of tight gas exploration field
Authors: Kumar Rajeev Ranjan , Molenaar Menno Mathieu , Subbiah Surej Kumar 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe horizontal stress profile plays an important role, extending from wellbore stability analysis to well completion optimization of tight gas reservoirs. When considering exploration fields with planned wells being drilled to 5500-m TVD, it is imperative to quantify tectonic effects at the well location. In addition, accurately predicting stress profile and fracture initiation values in vertical wells is required to identify sweet zones and barriers. This paper presents the details of a pre-fracture geomechanical model using breakouts and advanced acoustic data for post-fracture analysis. The analysis contains a history match of fracture initiation pressure, which consider the effects of filter cake around permeable sand, variation in tensile strength, and quantification of horizontal stress contrast in the different fields. Overall, three reservoirs have been analyzed, each containing more than eight wells with operations history. Core tests were used to calibrate dynamic-to-static rock elastic and mechanical properties, both of which reduced uncertainty in the model. The poroelastic horizontal strain method was used to build a continuous stress profile. Typically, the rock fabric found in the cores, images, and anisotropy data from the three reservoirs is different and required various dynamic-to static conversions. The Aeolian deposits-based reservoir has a wide variation in horizontal stress, and fracture height is typically governed by the stiffness of the layers. The lower permeability zones have relatively higher tensile strength, compared with higher permeability zones leading to relatively higher fracture initiation values. Overall, the ratio of maximum horizontal stress-to-minimum horizontal stress varies between 1.20 and 1.28 based on post-fracture analysis, which correlates well with regional tectonics and structural data. Depending on lithological variation and structure changes, the horizontal strain component varies at the layer level within regional tectonics. Inversion of fracturing data helped to constrain horizontal strain and stress variations in the field.
Field application of a modular multiple thermal fluid generator for heavy oil recovery
Authors: Zhong Liguo , Wang Cheng , Liu Yigang , Zhang Wei , Han Xiaodong , Sun Yongtao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA modular multiple thermal fluid generator is introduced to enhance heavy oil production, which consists of water treatment system, fuel injection system, air compressor, central burning and heat exchanging system, and measuring and controlling system. All the components are mounted in three separated light shelters, which are easy to be lifted and installed, especially on the offshore production platform. It could be operated under 350 ℃ and 20 MPa, and the temperature and GWR (ratio of the volume of gas to the equivalent water volume of steam under standard conditions) could be adjusted by the water injection rate under the given heating capability of the central burning chamber. The temperature of the generated fluid is usually 200–300 ℃ with GWR of 200–300 m3/m3. Compared to conventional steam generator, such compact multiple thermal fluid generator is easy to be installed on the offshore oil production platform, and the generated multiple thermal fluid is potential to enhance heavy oil production in mechanisms of reducing heavy oil viscosity by both heating and injected gas, enlarging the heating reservoir chamber, and pressure by injected gas. In the past 10 years, the multiple thermal fluid generator has been applied to more than 40 wells in Bohai Offshore Oilfield and Xinjiang Oilfield in cyclic multiple thermal fluid stimulation (CMTFS in short) process. As a result, the multiple thermal fluid generators were operated soundly, and the heavy oil production of these wells was enhanced remarkably. (The oil production rate was 2–3 times more than cold production.)
Insight into Debye Hückel length (κ−1): smart gravimetric and swelling techniques reveals discrepancy of diffuse double layer theory at high ionic concentrations
Authors: AL-Bazali Talal 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSmart gravimetric and swelling techniques were utilized in this work to examine the validity of the Debye Hückel length (κ−1) equation when shale interacts with highly concentrated salt solutions. The swelling and shrinkage behavior of two different shales, when exposed to monovalent and divalent ionic solutions (NaCl, KCl and CaCl2) at concentrations ranging from 2 to 22%w/w was observed and measured. Shale swelling and shrinkage results show that Debye Hückel length (κ−1) equation seems to work adequately at low ionic concentrations where osmotic water flow out of shale plays a major role in decreasing the diffuse double layer thickness by withdrawing water out and thereby shrinking κ−1. At high ionic concentration levels, the flow of associated water into the diffuse double layer negates the withdrawal of osmotic water out of the diffuse double layer which could maintain κ−1 or possibly increase it. Data on measured ionic uptake into shale suggests that excessive ionic diffusion into shale, especially at high concentrations, leads to higher electrical repulsion between alike ions in the diffuse layer which could lead to the expansion of the diffuse double layer thickness. Furthermore, swelling and shrinkage data analysis for shale suggests the existence of a ‘critical concentration’ below which the Debye Hückel length equation works. Above the critical concentration, the validity of the Debye Hückel length equation might be in question. The critical concentration is different for all ions and depends on ionic valence, hydrated ion diameter, and clay type.
Oral health-related quality of life in children with osteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Cachia Mintoff J. M. , Riddington M. , Parekh S. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) results from mutations in the genes involved in the modification or biosynthesis of collagen. This study aimed to assess the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in children with OI.

Methodology
Participants were recruited from a highly specialised OI centre for children. The Child Oral-Health Impact Profile—Short Form (COHIP-SF) was used, adding demographic and qualitative questions. Children aged 8–16 years participated between January and October 2019. Statistical analysis was carried out. A higher COHIP-SF score indicates better OHRQoL (maximum score, 76).

Results
One hundred and six (106) children participated (44 female, mean age 11.93 years). COHIP-SF median score was 59. Children reporting mild OI (n = 55) had higher median scores (62) compared to severe OI (n = 7) with median scores of 55 (P = 0.087). When comparing mixed (< 12 years, n = 46) and permanent dentition (≥ 12, n = 60), no significant difference in OHRQoL was seen (P = 0.977). There was no significant difference between severities for each COHIP-SF domain. Limited data on the presence of dentinogenesis imperfecta did not impact overall score (P = 0.109), but was significant in the oral-health domain (P = 0.033).

Qualitative
Common themes were the need for braces, discolouration, pain and function.

Conclusion
This study confirmed that children with OI have dental concerns in areas including oral health, functional well-being and socio-emotional well-being. This was related to severity of OI.
Advances in Cable Yarding: A Review of Recent Developments in Skyline Carriage Technology
Authors: Varch Thomas , Erber Gernot , Visser Rien , Spinelli Raffaele , Harrill Hunter , Stampfer Karl 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurpose of ReviewCarriages are an integral component of cable yarding systems that are used to harvest timber on steep terrain. They provide the mobility component by allowing a payload to be pulled along a skyline that spans a harvest setting, as opposed to a brute force pulling a load along a slope. While yarder machinery and cable yarding systems are extensively studied and reported, this paper provides a first detailed review of recent developments in carriage technology.Recent FindingsThere has been significant development in carriage technology in the last decade. In addition to step changes in functionality, they are now also used as technology platforms. This includes integration of geospatial and camera technology to provide for higher levels of automation. There are clear regional drivers that have differentiated carriage development. The need for low mass, versatility, and energy efficiency has generated a demand for electric carriages in the central European market. A focus on safety has driven New Zealand designers to work almost exclusively grapple carriages that no longer need choker setters on the ground being exposed to danger. North American developments include carriages capable of larger payloads to increase productivity and off-set high operation cost.SummaryCarriages have developed over time to become complex systems and provide additional capabilities instead of just providing a mobility and transfer mechanism within the yarding systems. By integrating new technologies that provide for greater efficiency and/or automation, carriage developments will help cable yarding systems remain cost-competitive, with high safety standard and environmentally sound.
Orientations and matrix function-based centralities in multiplex network analysis of urban public transport
Authors: Bergermann Kai , Stoll Martin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe study urban public transport systems by means of multiplex networks in which stops are represented as nodes and each line is represented by a layer. We determine and visualize public transport network orientations and compare them with street network orientations of the 36 largest German as well as 18 selected major European cities. We find that German urban public transport networks are mainly oriented in a direction close to the cardinal east-west axis, which usually coincides with one of two orthogonal preferential directions of the corresponding street network. While this behavior is present in only a subset of the considered European cities it remains true that none but one considered public transport network has a distinct north-south-like preferential orientation. Furthermore, we study the applicability of the class of matrix function-based centrality measures, which has recently been generalized from single-layer networks to layer-coupled multiplex networks, to our more general urban multiplex framework. Numerical experiments based on highly efficient and scalable methods from numerical linear algebra show promising results, which are in line with previous studies. The centrality measures allow detailed insights into geometrical properties of urban systems such as the spatial distribution of major transport axes, which can not be inferred from orientation plots. We comment on advantages over existing methodology, elaborate on the comparison of different measures and weight models, and present detailed hyper-parameter studies. All results are illustrated by demonstrative graphical representations.
The effect of maker and entrepreneurial education on self-efficacy and creativity
Authors: Unterfrauner Elisabeth , Voigt Christian , Hofer Margit 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMakerspaces and the availability of digital maker tools offer opportunities to create with their hands. Makerspaces and making have increasingly found their ways into institutions of formal and informal education but have yet not been explored in entrepreneurship education. Maker education holds the premise that learners work in a self-regulated and interdisciplinary way and develop a mind-set that enhances their self-organisation and self-efficacy. In the context of a European project, an educational programme, which combined maker and entrepreneurial education for fostering entrepreneurial thinking, skills and attitudes, was developed. This paper aims to understand and evaluate the direct effect of this maker educational programme on the development of non-cognitive (entrepreneurial) skills and attitudes, i.e. in relation to self-efficacy and creativity, as core elements of an “entrepreneurial spirit”. A creativity drawing test as well as a self-efficacy questionnaire were used to evaluate the maker educational programme and to measure individual effects on study participants. The analysis of the results shows a positive effect at the individual level in both creativity and self-efficacy when taking age and gender differences into account. A better understanding of the relationship between age as well as location specific settings and the resulting benefits in creativity and self-efficacy would be a worthwhile follow up research.
Bagging-gradient boosting decision tree based milling cutter wear status prediction modelling
Authors: Xu Weiping , Li Wendi , Zhang Yao , Zhang Taihua , Chen Huawei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAiming to monitor wear condition of milling cutters in time and provide tool change decisions to ensure manufacturing safety and product quality, a tool wear monitoring model based on Bagging-Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (Bagging-GBDT) is proposed. In order to avoid incomplete tool state information contained in a single domain feature parameter, a multi-domain combination method is used to extract candidate characteristic parameter sets from time domain, frequency domain, and time–frequency domain. Then top 21 significant features are screened by eXtreme Gradient Boosting selection method. Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique technology is integrated during feature selection to overly sample feature vectors, so that wear condition categories can be well balanced. Bagging idea is then introduced for parallel calculation of the gradient boosting decision tree and to improve its generalization ability. A Bagging-GBDT milling cutter wear condition prediction model is constructed and verified by public ball-end milling data set. Experiments show that random features and training samples selection can effectively improve prediction performance and generalization ability of prediction model. Our Bagging-GBDT model gains F1 score of 0.99350, which is 0.2% and 13.2% higher than the random forest algorithm and basic GBDT model, respectively.