bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Faculty perception of teaching translation courses online during Covid-19
Authors: Almahasees Zakaryia , Qassem Mutahar 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
The spread of Covid-19 has led to the closure of educational institutions worldwide, forcing academic institutions to find online platforms. The purpose of this paper is to accelerate the development of the online learning (OL) environments within those institutions. The Covid-19 pandemic has unfolded the extent of the academic institutions' readiness to deal with such a crisis.

Design/methodology/approach
In this vein, the study aimed to identify the perception of translation instructors in teaching translation courses online during Covid-19, using a questionnaire to explore the strategies and challenges of teaching and assessing students' performance. The analysis revealed instructors' reliance on Zoom and Microsoft Teams in offering virtual classes and WhatsApp in communication with students outside the class.

Findings
The findings revealed the relative effectiveness of online education, but its efficacy is less than face-to-face learning according to the respondents' views. It was also found that students faced difficulties in OL, which lie in adapting to the online environment, lack of interaction and motivation and the deficiency of data connections. Even though online education could work as an aid during Covid-19, but it could not replace face-to-face instruction. Based on the findings, the study recommended blended learning. Combining online education with face-to-face instruction, i.e. face-to-face plus synchronous and asynchronous, would result in a rigorous OL environment.

Originality/value
The research is genuine and there is no conflict of interest.
Nexus between higher ethical objectives (Maqasid Al Shari’ah) and participatory finance
Authors: Nouman Muhammad , Siddiqi Muhammad Fahad , Ullah Karim , Jan Shafiullah 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to conceptualize the nexus between the participatory finance and the higher ethical objectives within the Islamic moral economy, also termed as Maqasid al Shari’ah.

Design/methodology/approach
Insights from the extant Islamic economics and finance literature are integrated through an interpretative systematic review using the principles from critical interpretative synthesis (CIS).

Findings
A coherent framework is synthesized comprising the typology of the Maqasid al Shari’ah, the axioms of participatory finance and their nexus which is formulated by theorizing the common thread of meaning through the axioms of participatory finance and Maqasid al Shari’ah at the interpretative level. This framework postulates that the participatory finance fits well in the ethos and the value system of Islam. Moreover, “social well-being” invariably provides the nexus between the Maqasid al Shari’ah and participatory finance.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the Islamic economics and finance literature by integrating the dissenting views from the divergent literature related to the basic philosophy of Shari’ah and participatory finance and provides grounds for policy implications, particularly, for designing the financial products. Moreover, it demonstrates an application of interpretative systematic review in Islamic banking and finance research.
International Biological Flora: Nervilia nipponica
Authors: Gale Stephan W. , Maeda Ayako , Miyashita Ayana , Sugiura Daisuke , Ogura‐Tsujita Yuki , Kinoshita Akihiko , Fujimori Shohei , Hutchings Michael J. , Yukawa Tomohisa 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

This account presents information on all aspects of the biology of Nervilia nipponica Makino (mukago‐saishin) that are relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the International Biological Flora: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to the environment, structure and physiology, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and disease, history, conservation and global heterogeneity.

Nervilia nipponica is a small, stoloniferous, seasonally dormant herb that grows in the understorey of evergreen forests in the humid subtropical zone of central and western Japan, with a few outlying populations on Jeju Island in South Korea. Its northern extent is defined by the 0°C winter isotherm, and its occurrence is also limited by site aspect and incline. It is a weak competitor that occupies species‐poor microsites in which bare ground and leaf litter predominate. Plant numbers tend to decline as percentage ground cover of surrounding understorey vegetation increases.

The inflorescence sprouts from a short‐lived, subterranean tuber in late spring and leaf‐flush occurs after fruit‐set. However, most tubers do not flower in any one annual growth cycle. Long‐term monitoring of individually marked plants suggests that tubers are resource‐limited and that flowering constrains future genet growth. Nervilia nipponica is exclusively autogamous and has a strong capacity for vegetative propagation. The species is genetically depauperate but exhibits significant differentiation between populations, which comprise clonal clusters in phalanx formation.

The level of mycorrhizal infection differs between plant parts and through successive phenological stages. Stable isotope signatures indicate that the species is partially mycoheterotrophic, with fungal partners supporting growth particularly at lower light intensities. Despite this, falling light availability associated with forest succession can lead to population decline.

Populations tend to be small and prone to extirpation, but the species is probably under‐recorded as a result of its ephemeral emergence above‐ground and inconspicuous habit. Management interventions likely to benefit the species at the site level include thinning dense forest canopy and removing encroaching ground cover.
A change of perspective – Exploring Mexican primary and secondary school students’ perceptions of their teachers differentiated instructional practice
Authors: Pozas Marcela , Jaquelina González Trujillo Claudia , Letzel Verena 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWith the increasing student diversity, the establishment of inclusive classrooms has become a top concern of policy‐makers worldwide urging teachers to differentiate their instruction according to students’ individual learning needs. As the implementation of differentiated instruction (DI) relies mainly on teachers, previous research has mostly focused on examining teachers’ perspectives on their use of differentiation. In contrast, far less attention has been paid to explore students’ perspectives about their experiences in inclusive classrooms. Therefore, this study aims at examining students’ experiences of their teachers’ actual DI practice. Moreover, this study sets the spotlight on Mexico, a country that has faced changes with a recent proposed educational model. Results from a mixed analysis of variance revealed that students do in fact perceive that their teachers implement DI practices. It appears that both primary and secondary school teachers implement more frequent variants of mastery learning as well as tutoring systems as a means to differentiate their instruction. Implications of the results, as well as further lines of research, are discussed.
Sporulation is dispensable for the vegetable‐associated life cycle of the human pathogen Bacillus cereus
Authors: Antequera‐Gómez María Luisa , Díaz‐Martínez Luis , Guadix Juan Antonio , Sánchez‐Tévar Ana María , Sopeña‐Torres Sara , Hierrezuelo Jesús , Doan Hung K. , Leveau Johan H.J. , de Vicente Antonio , Romero Diego 
Published: May 2021

SummaryBacillus cereus is a common food‐borne pathogen that is responsible for important outbreaks of food poisoning in humans. Diseases caused by B. cereus usually exhibit two major symptoms, emetic or diarrheic, depending on the toxins produced. It is assumed that after the ingestion of contaminated vegetables or processed food, spores of enterotoxigenic B. cereus reach the intestine, where they germinate and produce the enterotoxins that are responsible for food poisoning. In our study, we observed that sporulation is required for the survival of B. cereus in leaves but is dispensable in ready‐to‐eat vegetables, such as endives. We demonstrate that vegetative cells of B. cereus that are originally impaired in sporulation but not biofilm formation are able to reach the intestine and cause severe disorders in a murine model. Furthermore, our findings emphasise that the number of food poisoning cases associated with B. cereus is underestimated and suggest the need to revise the detection protocols, which are based primarily on spores and toxins.
Prognostic factor analysis of patients with small cell lung cancer: Real‐world data from 988 patients
Authors: Ma Xiangjuan , Zhang Ziran , Chen Xiaoling , Zhang Jie , Nie Jun , Da Ling , Hu Weiheng , Tian Guangming , Wu Di , Han Jindi , Han Sen , Long Jieran , Wang Yang , Fang Jian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundSmall cell lung cancer (SCLC) is characterized by aggressive spread and poor prognosis, but has limited treatment options. Results of prognostic factors from randomized trials on treatment arrangement are conflicting and large‐scale real‐world analysis is lacking.MethodsPatients diagnosed SCLC between 2008 and 2018 in Peking University Cancer Hospital were included in this study. Kaplan–Meier methods were adopted, and univariate analysis and multivariate Cox regression models were constructed to analyze prognostic factors.ResultsAmong 1045 patients who presented to our center, 988 eligible patients were identified. Median overall survival (OS) was 16.0 months for the whole group, 24.0 months and 11.0 months for limited stage small cell lung cancer (LS‐SCLC) and extensive stage small cell lung cancer (ES‐SCLC), separately. Limited‐stage, good performance status (PS) (ECOG 0–1), response to primary systemic treatment, and patients who received initiative irradiation and three or more lines of chemotherapy were predicted to have better OS in the whole group. Only response to first‐line systemic therapy and prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) were independent prognostic factors of survival in LS‐SCLC; while good PS (ECOG 0–1), without liver, bone, or subcutaneous metastases, response to first‐line therapy, initial local irradiation, and three or more lines of systemic therapy predicted a favorable prognosis in ES‐SCLC.ConclusionsThe present study retrieved from large real–world data suggested that response to primary systemic therapy and aggressive radiotherapy are independent prognostic factors for SCLC. PCI and initiative irradiation for original or metastatic sites improved the OS in LS‐SCLC and ES‐SCLC, respectively.
Therapeutic efficacy of novel memantine nitrate MN‐08 in animal models of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Wu Liangmiao , Zhou Xinhua , Cao Yiwan , MAK Shing Hung , Zha Ling , Li Ning , Su Zhiyang , Han Yifan , Wang Yuqiang , Man Hoi Maggie Pui , Sun Yewei , Zhang Gaoxiao , Zhang Zaijun , Yang Xifei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading cause of dementia in elderly individuals and therapeutic options for AD are very limited. Over‐activation of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors, amyloid β (Aβ) aggregation, a decrease in cerebral blood flow (CBF), and downstream pathological events play important roles in the disease progression of AD. In the present study, MN‐08, a novel memantine nitrate, was found to inhibit Aβ accumulation, prevent neuronal and dendritic spine loss, and consequently attenuate cognitive deficits in 2‐month‐old APP/PS1 transgenic mice (for a 6‐month preventative course) and in the 8‐month‐old triple‐transgenic (3×Tg‐AD) mice (for a 4‐month therapeutic course). In vitro, MN‐08 could bind to and antagonize NMDA receptors, inhibit the calcium influx, and reverse the dysregulations of ERK and PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway, subsequently preventing glutamate‐induced neuronal loss. In addition, MN‐08 had favorable pharmacokinetics, blood‐brain barrier penetration, and safety profiles in rats and beagle dogs. These findings suggest that the novel memantine nitrate MN‐08 may be a useful therapeutic agent for AD.
Impacts of COVID‐19 induced income and rice price shocks on household welfare in Papua New Guinea: Household model estimates
Authors: Schmidt Emily , Dorosh Paul , Gilbert Rachel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractConcerns over the potential effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic have led to trade restrictions by major rice exporters, contributing to an average 25% increase in Thai and Vietnamese rice export prices between December 2019 and March–September 2020. This article assesses the consequences of these rice price increases in Papua New Guinea (PNG), where 99% of rice is imported. Utilizing data from a PNG 2018 rural household survey along with earlier national household survey data, we examine rice consumption patterns in PNG and estimate demand parameters for urban and rural households. Model simulations indicate that a 25% rise in the world price of rice would reduce total rice consumption in PNG by 14% and reduce rice consumption of the poor (bottom 40% of total household expenditure distribution) by 15%. Including the effects of a possible 12% decrease in household incomes because of the COVID‐19 related economic slowdown, rice consumption of the urban and rural poor fall by 20% and 17%, respectively. Maintaining functioning domestic supply chains of key staple goods is critical to mitigating the effects of global rice price increases, allowing urban households to increase their consumption of locally produced staples.
Self‐dilatation of benign oesophageal strictures: a literature review
Authors: Alwan Mostafa , Giddings Charles E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundBenign oesophageal strictures can have several aetiologies and often require serial endoscopic dilatation. The aim of this study was to review the existing literature regarding the efficacy of self‐dilatation for benign oesophageal strictures.MethodsThis study presents the results of a systematic review that was performed on the available literature using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. Full‐text articles from Medline, PubMed and Embase were used, as well as associated reference lists. This study systematically reviews the literature to present the efficacy and different outcome measurements associated with self‐dilatation of benign oesophageal strictures.ResultsThis study identified 13 articles with 274 participants.ConclusionSelf‐dilatation for refractory benign oesophageal strictures is effective regardless of aetiology. It is well tolerated, safe and leads to lasting symptom resolution in the majority of patients.
Australian experience with total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation to treat chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Bampton Tristan J. , Holmes‐Walker D. Jane , Drogemuller Chris J. , Radford Toni , Anderson Patricia , Etherton C. , Russell C. H. , Khurana S. , Torpy David J. , Couper J. J. , Couper R. L. T. , Macintyre Pamela , Neo E. L. , Benitez‐Aguirre Paul , Thomas G. , Loudovaris T. , Thomas H. E. , Palmer Lyle J. , Wu Denghao , Rogers Natasha M. , Williams L. , Hawthorne W. J. , O'Connell P. J. , Kay Tom W. , Pleass Henry , Chen John W. , Coates P. Toby ,   Australian Islet Consortium
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to describe the clinical outcomes of total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation (TP‐IAT) in Australia.MethodsIndividuals selected for TP‐IAT surgery according to the Minnesota Criteria (Appendix) without evidence of diabetes were evaluated including time to transplantation from pancreatectomy, islet numbers infused and post‐transplantation HbA1c, C‐peptide, total daily insulin and analgesic requirement.ResultsSixteen individuals underwent TP‐IAT from Australia and New Zealand between 2010 and 2020. Two recipients are deceased. The median islet equivalents/kg infused was 4244 (interquartile range (IQR) 2290–7300). The median C‐peptide 1 month post‐TP‐IAT was 384 (IQR 210–579) pmol/L and at median 29.5 (IQR 14.5–46.5) months from transplant was 395 (IQR 139–862) pmol/L. Insulin independence was achieved in eight of 15 (53.3%) surviving recipients. A higher islet equivalents transplanted was most strongly associated with the likelihood of insulin independence (P < 0.05). Of the 15 surviving recipients, 14 demonstrated substantial reduction in analgesic requirement.ConclusionThe TP‐IAT programme in Australia has been a successful new therapy for the management of individuals with chronic pancreatitis including hereditary forms refractory to medical treatment to improve pain management with 50% insulin independence rates.
Reporting guidelines for artificial intelligence in healthcare research
Authors: Ibrahim Hussein , Liu Xiaoxuan , Denniston Alastair K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractReporting guidelines are structured tools developed using explicit methodology that specify the minimum information required by researchers when reporting a study. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) reporting guidelines that address potential sources of bias specific to studies involving AI interventions has the potential to improve the quality of AI studies, through improvements in their design and delivery, and the completeness and transparency of their reporting. With a number of guidance documents relating to AI studies emerging from different specialist societies, this Review article provides researchers with some key principles for selecting the most appropriate reporting guidelines for a study involving an AI intervention. As the main determinants of a high‐quality study are contained within the methodology of the study design rather than the intervention, researchers are recommended to use reporting guidelines that are specific to the study design, and then supplement them with AI‐specific guidance contained within available AI reporting guidelines.
A scalable framework for smart COVID surveillance in the workplace using Deep Neural Networks and cloud computing
Authors: Singh Ajay , Jindal Vaibhav , Sandhu Rajinder , Chang Victor 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA smart and scalable system is required to schedule various machine learning applications to control pandemics like COVID‐19 using computing infrastructure provided by cloud and fog computing. This paper proposes a framework that considers the use case of smart office surveillance to monitor workplaces for detecting possible violations of COVID effectively. The proposed framework uses deep neural networks, fog computing and cloud computing to develop a scalable and time‐sensitive infrastructure that can detect two major violations: wearing a mask and maintaining a minimum distance of 6 feet between employees in the office environment. The proposed framework is developed with the vision to integrate multiple machine learning applications and handle the computing infrastructures for pandemic applications. The proposed framework can be used by application developers for the rapid development of new applications based on the requirements and do not worry about scheduling. The proposed framework is tested for two independent applications and performed better than the traditional cloud environment in terms of latency and response time. The work done in this paper tries to bridge the gap between machine learning applications and their computing infrastructure for COVID‐19.
Identifying predictors of international fisheries conflict
Authors: Spijkers Jessica , Singh Gerald G. , Wabnitz Colette C. C. , Österblom Henrik , Cumming Graeme S. , Morrison Tiffany H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMarine capture fishery resources are declining, and demand for them is rising. These trends are suspected to incite conflict, but their effects have not been quantitatively examined. We applied a multi‐model ensemble approach to a global database of international fishery conflicts between 1974 and 2016 to test the supply‐induced scarcity hypothesis (diminishing supplies of fishery resources increase fisheries conflict), the demand‐induced scarcity hypothesis (rising demand for fishery resources increases fisheries conflict), and three alternative political and economic hypotheses. While no single indicator was able to fully explain international conflict over fishery resources, we found a positive relationship between increased conflict over fishery resources and higher levels of per capita GDP for the period 1975–1996. For the period 1997–2016, we found evidence supporting the demand‐induced scarcity hypothesis, and the notion that an increase in supply of fishery resources is linked to an increase in conflict occurrence. By identifying significant predictors of international fisheries conflict, our analysis provides useful information for policy approaches for conflict anticipation and management.
Teachers’ incentive for grammar instruction in Iran's reformed EFL context
Authors: Shakhsi Dastgahian Elahe 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAn educational reform in Iran required teachers to employ communicative pedagogies while teaching English at secondary schools in order to develop students’ communicative ability. This study seeks to understand three Iranian English language teachers’ incentives for supporting their strongly established grammar instruction practices as they trialed aspects of task‐supported language teaching. Interviews and observations were used to gather data from these teachers in a junior secondary school. The results revealed that despite the teachers’ practical attempts to implement reform changes, their strong beliefs in the importance of accuracy, enhanced by their students’ low English proficiency and parental expectation, continued to guide lessons with an initial explicit grammar teaching. The results support the post‐method pedagogical idealism, emphasising that communicative goals should embrace class context particularities.
Physical and chemical properties of soy protein isolates treated with sodium sulphite under low temperature extrusion
Authors: Su Xiaofang , Li Fang , Gong Yanfei , Dai Meiyao , Pan Weichun , Zhang Bo 
Published: May 2021

SummarySoy protein isolates (SPIs) treated with sodium sulphite (Na2SO3) under low temperature (50 °C) extrusion were investigated to create a system where the disulphide bonds were destroyed. The physicochemical properties of the extrudates were characterised after the addition of 0.0%, 1.5% and 3.0% (w/w) Na2SO3. Under these conditions, free sulfhydryl content significantly increased (from 98.46 to 449.64 μmol g−1), specific mechanical energy during extrusion significantly increased (from 426.91 to 593.39 kJ kg−1), degradation temperature reduced (from 315.7 to 302.0 °C), protein solubility of the water extraction increased incrementally (from 5.41% to 20.17%) and water absorption capacity decreased (from 3.51% to 2.69%). Moreover, the addition of Na2SO3 caused a blue shift in the tryptophan fluorescence spectra of soluble SPI. These results suggest that Na2SO3 breaks disulphide bonds in SPI, which accelerates protein molecule denaturation to promote peptide disentanglement; consequently, SPI become more hydrophobic and less thermally stable.