bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Volume and Territorial Distribution of the Czech Republic’s Official Development Assistance Flows to Least Developed Countries
Authors: Kovářová Eva 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Official Development Assistance (ODA) is considered one of the most important external resources of finance that can contribute to sustainable development in the Least Developed Countries (LDCs). The Czech Republic, as an official donor country, should spend on ODA, with respect to the EU and national targets, at least 0.33% of its GNI by the year 2030. Eradication of poverty in the context of sustainable development belongs to the long-term priorities of the Czech foreign development cooperation, and thus the Czech Republic considers some LDCs, which population is more likely to live in extreme poverty, the priority partner countries. Paper evaluated fundamental trends of the Czech Republic’s ODA flows to LDCs; compared them with the trends identified for the collective flows of all DAC members and for the flows of its four selected members (Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia). Identified trends of Czech ODA flows showed clearly that Czech Republic did not meet official commitments regarding the volume of ODA and that level of fragmentation of the ODA flows to LCDs was quite high when these trends were examined during the period 2000–2018. However, the Czech Republic’s development cooperation policy did not differ markedly from the policies of the other four ODA donors. Any significant differences were identified when the fundamental trends of Czech ODA flows were compared with those ones identified for Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia.
Natural and Modified Clays for the Removal of Cationic Dye from Water
Authors: Behilil Asma , Lancene Driss , Zahraoui Brahim , Belhachemi Meriem , Benmehdi Houcine , Choukchou-Braham Abderrahim 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Research and scientific work continue to develop low-cost treatment processes in terms of improving water quality and environmental protection. Oxide of zinc supported in natural clay is synthesized by impregnated method. The role of this modification is to increase the adsorption capacity of a basic dye (Methylene Blue) compared with calcined and natural clays. These samples are characterized by several analytical methods, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric Analysis/Differential Thermal Analysis (TGA/TDA) and Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) theory. The results show that these clays contain three phases, Sericite 2M1, Clinochlore, quartz and the presence of a new phase for the modified clay named zincite. The measured cation exchange capacity (CEC) is 9 cmolc/kg and the BET analysis shows the increase of surface area for these clays, from 9 to 30 m2 g−1. The findings show also that the impregnated clay has a better affinity than others when the kinetics data were well fitted by the pseudo-second-order. The adsorption capacities calculated using Langmuir equation of MB onto natural, calcined and impregnated clays are 154.0, 139.6 and 158.1 mg/g, respectively. The thermodynamic data showed that the adsorption of MB on these samples were exothermic. From this study, it can be concluded that these clays are efficacious materials for cationic dye removal from wastewater.
Energy Economic Management of Hybrid Energy System Based on Short-term Generation and Demand Response
Authors: Chamandoust Heydar , Peyvand Neda 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Energy economic management based on economic principles and demand response (DR) is one of the significant issues for consumers and Distribution Companies (DisCos). In this paper, presents energy management for hybrid energy system is in connecting mode to the network and based on short-term optimal scheduling in a house. The presented modelling, minimizing the operation cost of resources and electricity bought from network in the Real-Time Price (RTP) plan. Modelling of the objective function based on mixed integral linear programs (MILP) has been implemented and the result shows that management of sources and demand in short-term scheduling causes minimizing operation cost in aspects as financial, technical and electricity buying in RTP plan.
Using Emissions Intensity to Better Track Energy Transitions
Authors: D’alessandro Kelly , Dargusch Paul 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Current metrics fail to adequately capture the temporal and spatial complexity of energy transitions in a sufficiently meaningful way and this limits their usefulness to inform effective climate and energy policy and management. In this paper we propose a cumulative integral of CO2 emissions intensity for electricity and heat use as a metric to monitor energy transition progress. We demonstrate its application using International Energy Agency data for each of the G20-member countries. Findings show that whilst most countries are far from the energy transition positions required to effectively mitigate climate change, there are some examples of countries that have made an effective transition that provide useful insights into how energy transitions might progress more extensively.
Life Cycle Assessment of Apparel Consumption in Australia
Authors: Moazzem Shadia , Crossin Enda , Daver Fugen , Wang Lijing 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study presents the environmental impact of apparel consumption in Australia using life cycle assessment methodology according to ISO14040/14044:2006. Available published references, the Ecoinvent v3 dataset, the Australian life cycle assessment dataset and apparel country-wise import data with the breakdown of apparel type and fibre type were used in this study. The environmental impact assessment results of the functional unit were scaled up to the total apparel consumption. The impact results were also normalized on a per-capita/year basis. The Total Climate Change Potential (CCP) impact from apparel consumption of 2015 was estimated to be 16 607 028 tonnes CO2eq and 698.07 kg CO2eq/per capita-year. This study also assessed the impact of acidification potential (AP), water depletion (WD), abiotic resource depletion potential (ADP) - fossil fuel and agricultural land occupation (ALO) using the same methodology. The market volume of cotton apparel in Australia is 53.97 %, which accounts for 45 %, 96 %, 40 %, 46 % and 79 % of total CCP, WD, ADP, AP and ALO impact, respectively. Apparel broad categories of cotton shirt, cotton trouser, polyester shirt and polyester trouser have a high volume in the apparel market as well as a high environmental impact contribution. These high-volume apparel products can be included in the prioritization list to reduce environmental impact throughout the apparel supply chain. It was estimated that from 2010 to 2018 the per capita apparel consumption and corresponding impact increased by 24 %.
Life Cycle Assessment-Based Approach to Forecast the Response of Waste Management Policy Targets to the Environment
Authors: Kavals Edgars , Gusca Julija 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Inadequate municipal waste management, associated with a dominance of waste landfilling and low efficiency of resource and energy recovery, is the major challenge towards circular economy targets for some European Union countries, including Latvia. The aim of the study is to evaluate environmental performance from implementation of waste management policy goals in waste management systems of Latvia applying life cycle assessment methodology. The waste management system in Latvia was evaluated for two scenarios: baseline situation (based on statistical data from 2016) and future scenario – 2030. Baseline scenario assessment results show the existing material and energy recovery potential from municipal solid waste generated in Latvia. Meanwhile, results obtained from the 2030 scenario demonstrated that boosting recovery rates of plastic by 20 % and organic waste by 20 % can contribute to the minimization of life cycle environmental impacts (human health, resources, climate change, ecosystems) by 1.8 % and organic by 3.6 % correspondingly.
Construction of the Ethnographic Visual Image of Komi-Zyrians in the “Artistic Ethnology” of the Late 19th – 20th Centuries
Authors: Sharapov Valery E. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The article discusses the history of construing and representing the ethnographic image of Komi-Zyrians in popular and academic literature of 19th and 20th centuries by analysing painted, porcelain and postcard images of Komi-Zyrians of the 19th – early 20th century. Special attention is paid to how Komi ethnicity was visualized on the basis of reproducing stereotypically the “Depicted Zyrian” images. On the basis of these images, the topic of the possible influence of retrospective ethnographic research on the popular beliefs of how a Komi-Zyrian should look like is raised and discussed. It is suggested that both Russian and Western scholars followed the ideology of “Finno-Ugric authenticity” in the ethnographic visual images of Komi they constructed: all the artefacts, which could be associated with Russian or other not Finno-Ugric cultures were literally or symbolically removed from the images or downgraded to “insignificant texts”. Finally the possibility of a correct translation of the ethno-cultural heritage by the means of the modern media technologies – the ones that promote ethnic images into virtual images of the cyberspace – is critically discussed.
Epistemic Justification of Testimonial Beliefs and the Categories of Egophoricity and Evidentiality in Natural Languages: An Insoluble Paradox of Thomas Reid's Anti-Reductionism
Authors: Łukasiewicz Elżbieta 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The paper is concerned with the epistemological status of testimony and the question of what may confer justification on true testimonial beliefs and enable us to call such beliefs knowledge. In particular, it addresses certain anti-reductionist arguments in the epistemology of testimony and their incompatibility with the grammatical categories of egophoricity (conjunct/disjunct marking) and evidentiality (information source marking) present in the architecture of natural languages. First, the tradition of epistemological individualism and its rationale are discussed, as well as certain attempts within this tradition to include testimony-based beliefs in the body of legitimate and rational beliefs. The next section is concerned with the anti-reductionist approach to testimonial beliefs and some arguments supporting ‘the credulity principle’ grounded in Thomas Reid's philosophy of common sense. The last two sections show how the anti-reductionist argumentation is threatened with an insoluble dilemma when considered in the context of languages with the grammatical categories of egophoricity (conjunct/disjunct marking) and evidentiality (information source marking). Special attention is paid to the justificatory role of egophoric and evidential marking; how these grammatical categories may influence the process of belief formation, and consequently, how this bears upon the nature of justification for testimonial beliefs. The final conclusion of the paper is that the anti-reductionist claim concerning the directness and non-inferential nature of testimonial knowledge is bound to meet objections grounded in the structure of many natural languages. This leads to a paradox: in discussion with reductionism, anti-reductionists do seek support for their arguments in common sense beliefs reflected in everyday language, and, on the other hand, their claims are incompatible with the linguistic data found in a number of natural languages.
Tradition and the Individual Canadian Talent
Authors: Mount Nick 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In the twenty-first century, Canadian writers have been doing something they did infrequently in the past: acknowledging and referencing the work of past Canadian writers. Although declining pedagogical and academic interest in Canadian literature has made this development hard to see, writers themselves have been quietly building upon and contributing to something that looks very much like a literary tradition. Canadian writers of course continue to read and be influenced by writers outside Canada, just as they always have: but in their own words, they are now telling us that they are reading, learning from, and responding to other Canadian writers – that there is a Canadian literary tradition that crosses generational and regional borders, and that Canadian writers (and publishers, and readers) are aware of parts of that tradition, the parts that matter to them.
Suspended Sediment Concentration and Sediment Loading of Bernam River (Perak, Malaysia)
Authors: Najib Sumayyah Aimi Mohd , Aliah Syazwani , Hamidon Husna Nabilah 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper presents some of our preliminary results on the sediment discharge and load based on weekly sampling starting from Oct 2017 to January 2018. Results show that sediment rating curve of Bernam River was R2 = 0.86 high flow and R2 = 0.5 low flow. Average sediment loading throughout this sampling period is 1,144 t. Land use activity is expected to be the main contribution for the highest sediment concentration during rain events. The amount of annual sediment yield was estimated at 23 t/km2/year and is comparable to other studies having similar land uses in the catchment area.
Riparian Vegetation Along the Scroafa Stream and Its Tributaries (Southern Transylvanian Tableland) Under Changing Ecological Conditions and Human Intervention
Authors: Schneider-Binder Erika 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The riparian softwood galleries of the Scroafa Stream basin, part of the South Eastern Transylvanian Tableland are presented and discussed under the aspect of their site conditions, species composition, vertical structure by different layers, ecological requirements and their change along the stream banks from the source to the mouth in the Târnava Mare River. Their stretches are compared, with commonalities and differences highlighted. The impact of human dependent changes and the future of the galleries with climate changes are addressed. The importance of the riparian softwood stands is also presented in the context of the Natura 2000 network, as they are included in the list as priority habitat types.
Micropredator Behaviour ofRocinela dumerilii(Isopoda, Aegidae) onTrachurus trachurusin the Sea of Marmara (Turkey)
Authors: Öktener Ahmet , Şirin Murat , Yurdigül Emrah 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRocinela dumerilii(Lucas, 1849) is obtained on the horse mackerel,Trachurus trachurus(Linnaeus, 1758) from the Sea of Marmara, in Turkey. This species is a free-living organism from the Aegean Sea of Turkey, the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic. Its micropredator behaviour is discovered for the first time in this study.Elthusa sinuata(Koelbel, 1879) is also collected on the gill cavity of Fries’s goby,Lesueurigobius friesii(Malm, 1874) in this study. This host is a new record forElthusa sinuata. The morphological characters ofRocinela dumeriliispecies are given by drawings.
Growth Pattern and Length-Weight Relationship in Poecilia Reticulata (Peters) (Poeciliidae) Inhabiting the Drainage Canal System of Lagos Metropolis (Nigeria)
Authors: Lawal Muyideen Owonire 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study investigated the growth pattern and length-weight relationship in Poecilia reticulata from the canal ecosystem of Lagos, Nigeria. A total of 2,400 fish specimens were caught, with total length ranging from 1.50 to 5.40 (3.30 ± 0.20) cm and weight ranged between 0.10 and 1.50 (0.63 ± 0.03) g. The length-frequency polygon showed four class intervals: 1.50-2.40 cm (51.29%); 2.50-3.40 cm (45.29%); 3.50-4.40 cm (3.25%); and 4.50-5.40 cm (0.17%). The value of “b” ranged from 1.3428-1.9863 which showed negative allometric growth, while the value of “r” ranged from 0.5 to 0.8. The mean K value was 1.05 ± 0.09 ‒ 1.62 ± 0.15.
The path forward for sustainability of the pension system in a historical context
Authors: Mertl J. , Valenčík R. 
Published: April 2021

The long-term sustainability and stability of the pension insurance system can be provided on the basis of a pay-as-you-go system, specifically the NDC variant, which can combine the main type of solidarity (between those who can and want to be gainfully active and those for whom the insured event has occurred) with income solidarity. When reforming the pension system in this manner the opportunity arises to begin gradual changes through fully merit system reform and therefore significantly motivating of extending the period of productivity (putting off retirement) through the upgrade of this system for persons who have reached the retirement age as specified by law.This paper aims to substantiate and explore possible changes in this direction that will not endanger anyone’s entitlements when the reforms are implemented (they have got the form of Pareto improvement), as they derive their funds by extending the time of individual productivity. To this end, the possibility of introducing an extension on top of current system of pay-as-you-go insurance, which could be entered voluntarily by persons who have already reached or are near statutory retirement age, is proposed, and modeled. The extension would operate on the principle that the paid premiums will be transformed into a lifetime annuity. The system would be significantly motivating which for most people means extending life at the fullest, associated with the option to retain beneficial social contacts and gradually relax their gainful activity without experiencing an untoward decrease in income.
ANALYSIS OF POVERTY IN MODERN RUSSIA
Authors: Орусова Ольга Вячеславовна 
Published: April 2021

Статья посвящена острой и актуальной проблеме экономического развития современной России - увеличивающейся бедности населения. Цель исследования - проанализировать степень социального неравенства и провести структурный анализ бедности. Автором рассмотрены основные подходы к измерению бедности статистическими органами, а также показан рост доли малоимущего населения, начиная с 2013 г. по сегодняшний день. Отмечается увеличение неравенства денежных доходов, рост бедности в сельских населенных пунктах, в семьях с детьми, показаны различия в уровне бедности по федеральным округам. Проанализировано влияние глобальной пандемии COVID-2019 на экономику и социальную структуру и появление нового понятия «работающий бедный». Сделан вывод о неотложной необходимости проведения политики преодоления бедности для решения текущих и будущих задач, стоящих перед нашей страной. Научная новизна проведенного исследования состоит в проведении комплексного анализа факторов и процессов, влияющих на увеличение бедности населения в современной России.
The article is devoted to the acute and urgent problem of the economic development of modern Russia - the increasing poverty of the population. The purpose of the study is to analyze the degree of social inequality and to conduct a structural analysis of poverty. The author examines the main approaches to measuring poverty by statistical agencies, and also shows the growth of the share of the poor population, starting from 2013 to the present day. The article notes an increase in the inequality of monetary income, an increase in poverty in rural localities, in families with children, and shows differences in the level of poverty in federal districts. The article analyzes the impact of the global COVID-2019 pandemic on the economy and social structure and the emergence of a new concept of "working poor". It is concluded that it is urgently necessary to implement a policy of overcoming poverty in order to address the current and future challenges facing our country. The scientific novelty of the study consists in conducting a comprehensive analysis of the factors and processes that affect the increase in poverty in modern Russia.
EFFICIENCY INCREASE IN THE ENERGY SAVING PROGRAM IN RUSSIA
Authors: Дзюба Анатолий Петрович 
Published: April 2021

Цель статьи - представить разработанную автором методику ранжирования регионов России по уровню общего вклада в реализацию комплекса мер в энергосбережение и повышение энергетической эффективности экономики России. Автором проведено эмпирическое исследование промежуточных результатов реализации мер по повышению энергетической эффективности в России за период 2010-2019 гг. Выполнено исследование направления и динамики изменения потребления электроэнергии за исследуемый период на уровне федеральных округов и регионов России. Научная новизна заключается в выполнении ранжирования регионов, либо территориальных образований по уровню общего вклада каждого региона на основе разработанных показателей. Такое ранжирование выполнено и относительно роста спроса и общего вклада регионов в электропотребление на уровне общего экономического пространства. На основе полученных результатов автором проведена группировка регионов с целью предоставления рекомендаций для каждой региональной группы, направленных на повышение энергетической эффективности в масштабах экономики России.
The article is devoted to the description of the methodology developed by the author for ranking Russian regions according to the level of total contribution to the implementation of a set of measures in energy conservation and increasing the energy efficiency of the Russian economy. The author conducts an empirical study of the intermediate results of the implementation of measures to increase energy efficiency in Russia for the period 2010-2019. The study analyzes the direction and dynamics of changes in electricity consumption for the period under study at the level of federal districts and regions of Russia. On the basis of the ranking results obtained, the author has grouped the regions with recommendations for each regional group according to the need to improve energy efficiency on the scale of the Russian economy.
INFLUENCE OF THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION ON INBOUND TOURISM IN RUSSIA
Authors: Бесперстова Алена Александровна , Зобова Елена Валерьевна 
Published: April 2021

Целью исследования является изучение текущей эпидемиологической ситуации на въездной туризм в России, анализ проблем в данном направлении, что впоследствии поможет выявить эффективные пути их решения. Коронавирус рассматривается как препятствие для развития въездного туризма в Российской Федерации. Конечным результатом исследования является определение основных направлений по решению актуальных проблем развития въездного туризма в условиях распространения коронавирусной инфекции. Научная новизна статьи характеризуется применением авторского подхода к пониманию сложившейся ситуации и предлагаемым вариантам решения проблемы. Основные проблемы въездного туризма, связанные с распространением коронавирусной инфекции, систематизированы по группам, определены возможные пути их решения, отражены ожидаемые результаты реализации предлагаемых мер.
The aim of the research is to study the current epidemiological situation in inbound tourism in Russia, analyze problems in this direction, which will subsequently help to identify effective ways to solve them. The coronavirus is seen as an obstacle to the development of inbound tourism in the Russian Federation. The end result of the study is the identification of the main directions for solving urgent problems of the development of inbound tourism in the context of the spread of coronavirus infection. The scientific novelty of the article is characterized by the use of the author's approach to understanding the current situation and the proposed solutions to the problem. The main problems of inbound tourism associated with the spread of coronavirus infection are systematized by groups, possible ways to solve them are identified, and the expected results of the implementation of the proposed measures are reflected.