bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
fMRI findings in cortical brain networks interactions in migraine following repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
Authors: Markin Kirill , Trufanov Artem , Frunza Daria , Litvinenko Igor , Tarumov Dmitriy , Polyakova Victoria , Krasichkov Alexander , Medvedev Dmitriy , Efimtsev Alexander 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is one of high-potential non-pharmacological methods for migraine treatment. The purpose of this study is to objectively evaluate the efficacy of rTMS in patients with migraine based on data from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Methods: 19 patients with migraine without aura underwent a 5-day course of rTMS of the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex bilaterally, at 10Hz frequency and 60% of motor threshold response of 900 pulses. Resting-state functional MRI (1.5 T) and battery of tests were carried out for each patient to clarify their diagnosis, qualitative and quantitative characteristics of pain, and associated affective symptoms. Changes in functional connectivity (FC) in the brain’s neural networks before and after the treatment were identified through independent components analysis. Results: Over the course of therapy, we observed an increase in FC of the default mode network within it, with pain system components and with structures of the visual network. We also noted a decrease in FC of the salience network with sensorimotor and visual networks, as well as an increase in FC of the visual network. Besides, we identified 5 patients who did not have a positive response to one rTMS course, presumably because of an increased trend to depressive symptoms and neuroimaging criteria for depressive disorder. Conclusions: Our findings provide evidence of a 70% efficacy of rTMS judging by neuroimaging changes and a decrease in clinical symptoms. Moreover, we identified neuroimaging criteria for the therapy efficacy as well as possible predictors of successful/unsuccessful response to the therapy.
Evaluation of Apoptotic Activity of Modified Carvacrol and Anticancer Peptide Against AGS Gastric Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Elahi Mona Ghods , Hekmati Malak , Esmaeili Davoud , Ziararti Parisa , Yousefi Mohamad 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
IntroductionTreating stomach cancer remains a major challenge. There have been many reports of the positive effect of modified carvacrol and anti-cancer peptides on gastric cancer. The main purpose of this study was to determine and design a fusion modified carvacrol and anti-cancer peptide against AGS gastric cancer cell line using flowcytometry technique.MethodDetermination of cell lethality was conducted with different concentrations of the modified carvacrol and anti-cancer peptides against AGS cell line by MTT technique. Treatment of AGS cells with different concentrations of components to evaluate the apoptosis of AGS cells was performed by flow cytometry. In this study used. The MTT test performed according to protocol with different concentrations of components.ResultsThe results showed that the percentage of cells treated with modified carvacrol and anti-cancer peptides at a concentration of 80μg/ml with total apoptosis was 46.91% and increased by 36.25% compared to untreated cells.ConclusionDue to the anticancer properties of modified carvacrol with anticancer peptide, the above combination can be used to treat and induction apoptotic activity against gastric cancer cell line.
Sevoflurane Postconditioning Upregulates HIF-1α Pathway Enhances BNIP3 Mediated Mitochondrial Autophagy in Myocardium of Aged Mice
Authors: Wang Jiang , Wu Jianjiang , Taiwangu Tailaiti , Masula Maisitanguli , Huang Yidan , Chen Siyu , Zou Tiantian , Yang Long 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Diminished mitochondrial autophagy in aged myocardium may be due to impaired HIF-1α protein expression. Previous studies confirmed that upregulation of HIF-1α expression protects myocardial tissue from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and found that sevoflurane post-conditioning (SpostC) mediated mitochondrial autophagy plays a significant role in myocardial protection. However, the protective mechanism of SpostC in aged myocardium is unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether SpostC regulates BNIP3 - mediated mitochondrial autophagy by upregulating HIF-1α expression, thus alleviating myocardial I/R injury in aged mice.Methods: An in vivo mouse model of myocardial I/R injury was established and treated with sevoflurane at the time of reperfusion, and at the end of reperfusion, echocardiographic changes, myocardial infarct size, mitochondrial ultrastructure, and autophagosomes were measured, mitochondrial respiratory function and enzyme activity were detected, serum LDH, CKM, CK-MB, TNNT2, IL-6 levels were determined, and Western blot was used to examine the expression levels of phosphorylated HIF-1α, LC3-II, BNIP3, Beclin1, TLR9, and IL-6 protein in myocardial tissue.RESULTS: In young, healthy myocardium, SpostC upregulated the expression of HIF-1α, activated the downstream target gene BNIP3 protein, and upregulated the expression levels of autophagy essential proteins LC3-II, Beclin-1, and TLR9, attenuated myocardial oxidative stress injury, stabilized mitochondrial ultrastructure, inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and ultimately reduced myocardial infarct size. In aged myocardium, SpostC also played an excellent myocardial protective role.CONCLUSION: SpostC was able to upregulate HIF-1α expression, promote BNIP3-mediated mitochondrial autophagy, reduce myocardial infarct size, and alleviate myocardial I/R injury in aged mice.
Platelet-to-lymphocyte Ratio can be used as Marker to Predict Activity and Severity in Moderate and High Disease Activity of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Chen Bilin , Zhu Qing , Li Shu , Ge Yan , Wu Peijun , Tian Jing , Xie Xi , Li Fen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to study and evaluate the value of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as markers to predict the disease activity and severity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods: A total of 139 inpatients with RA were divided into two groups: moderate activity group (3.2<DAS28-CRP score<5.1) and high activity group (≥5.1). The correlation of routine hematological indices with DAS28 and joint ultrasound score (gray-scale ultrasound score, GS-US; power Doppler ultrasound score, PD-US; total ultrasound score, T-US) were analyzed by Pearson's correlation and logistic regression analyses. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was performed to compare the efficacy of blood indices, ESR, or CRP in reflecting the disease activity and severity of RA.Results: The values of PLR, NLR, PD-US, and T-US were significantly different between moderate and high disease activity groups (p<0.001), and PLR was significantly correlated with PD-US and DAS28. Logistic regression analyses showed that PLR was an independent risk factor for disease activity by DAS 28 and joint damage severity by PD-US and T-US. ROC analysis showed that the efficacy of using PLR alone to evaluate the disease activity and joint severity of RA was similar to that of using combined CRP and ESR. The best cut-off value of PLR for predicting high disease activity and high joint severity was determined as 236.6.Conclusions: PLR can be used as a marker to predict activity and severity in patients with moderate and high RA disease activity.
A New Non-Human Primate Model of Desiccating Stress-Induced Dry Eye Disease
Authors: Gong Li , Guan Yilin , Cho WonKyung , Li Baowen , Pan Lingzhen , Yang Zhenyan , Wu Mingling , Yang Zunyuan , Chauhan Sunil K. , Zeng Wen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED), a multifactorial ocular surface disease, is estimated to affect up to 34% of individuals over 50 years old. Although numerous animal models, including rodents and rabbits, have been developed to mimic the pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in the dry eye, there is a lack of non-human primate (NHP) models, critical for translational drug studies. Here, we developed a novel desiccating stress-induced dry eye disease model using rhesus monkeys. The monkeys were housed in a controlled-environment room for 21 to 36 days under humidity, temperature, and airflow regulation. Following desiccating stress, NHPs demonstrated clinical symptoms similar to those of humans, as shown by increased corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) and decreased tear-film breakup. Moreover, corticosteroid treatment significantly reduced CFS scoring, restored TFBUT, and prevented upregulation of tear proinflammatory cytokines as observed in dry eye patients following steroid treatment. These close resemblance of clinical symptoms and treatment responses to those of human DED patients provides great translational value to the NHP model which could serve as a clinically relevant animal model to study the efficacy of the new potential treatment for DED.
Can the Imbalance Between Neurotrophic and Apoptotic Proteins be the "Beware the Ides of March" for Unaffected Relatives of Schizophrenia Patients?
Authors: Yesilkaya Umit Haluk , Gica Sakir , Menekseoglu Pelin Ozkara , Tasdemir Busra Guney , Cirakli Zeynep , Karamustafalioglu Nesrin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a mental disorder with a strong genetic basis as well as epigenetic aspects. Siblings of patients with SZ can share certain endophenotypes with the patients, suggesting that the siblings may be important for distinguishing between trait and state markers. In the current study, we aimed to characterize the balance between pro-BDNF/mature BDNF and its receptors p75NTR/TrkB, which is tpa-BDNF pathways proteins and thought to play a role in synaptic pruning as a possible endophenotype of schizophrenia. Forty drug-naïve patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) matched for age, gender and level of education, 40 unaffected siblings (UAS) of patients with FEP and 67 healthy controls (HC) were included in the study. Blood samples were collected from all participants to determine BDNF, pro-BDNF, TrkB and p75NTR, PAI1, tPA, ACTH and cortisol levels. We showed that levels of proteins of the tPA-BDNF pathway, pro-BDNF/m-BDNF and p75NTR/TrkB ratios could successfully differentiateFEP and their siblings from the HCs by using ROC analysis. Plasma levels of m-BDNF were found to be the lowest in the healthy siblings and highest in the healthy control group with statistically significant differences between all 3 groups. The plasma levels of pro-BDNF in the healthy control group were similar to the FEP patients, the same in the healthy siblings of the FEP patients. Our data Support the hypothesis that imbalance between neurotrophic and apoptotic proteins might occur in SZ, and this imbalance could be an endophenotype of the disease.
The Trunk Rotation may Differentially Affect Lung Volume and Respiratory Muscle Strength in Males and Females
Authors: Takahata Miki , Osawa Miho , Hoshina Mizuki , Yamaki Michiyasu , Sato Toshiaki 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
It is known that gender affect pulmonary function, associated with anatomical differences between male and female. However, the effects of trunk rotation on respiratory variables and its differences between males and females remain unclear. We examined the effects of gender and physical characteristics on postural changes in healthy young people. In this study, 9 males and 11 females (22 ± 1 year old for both males and females) were enrolled. We measure the vital capacity (VC), inspiratory capacity (IC), tidal volume (VT), expiratory reserve volume (ERV), inspiratory reserve volume (IRV), and force vital capacity (FVC) and respiratory muscle (PImax and PEmax) with rest posture in the sitting position (rest posture) in sitting position and 30° trunk rotation both genders in the sitting position (rotational posture). The value of VC, IC, ERV, IRV, FVC, or FEV1.0 for males were significantly higher than that for females in both postures. Further, PEmax was more affected by rotational posture in male than in female. On the other hand, PImax showed a significant decrease in the rotational posture only in females. This study indicated that the effect of rotational posture on PImax and PEmax, a measure of respiratory muscle strength, may be different between males and females. These finding may provide important insights on gender differences in respiration in daily living.
Evaluation of species distribution models for estimating animal dark diversity
Authors: Matus-Olivares Camilo , Carrasco Jaime , Yela José Luis , Meli Paula , Weintraub Andres , Lisón Fulgencio 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Aim

Applying wide and effective sampling of animal communities is rarely possible due to the associated costs and the use of techniques that are not always efficient. Thus, many areas have a faunistic hidden diversity we denote Animal Dark Diversity (ADD), defined as the diversity that is present but not yet detected plus the diversity defined by Pärtel et al. (2011) that is not (yet) present despite the area’s favourable habitat conditions. We evaluated different species distribution model types (SDM techniques) on the basis of three requirements for ADD estimate reliability: 1) estimated spatial patterns of ADD do not differ significantly from other SDM techniques; 2) good predictive performances; and 3) low overfitting.
Location
Iberian Peninsula.
Taxon
Chiroptera and Noctuoidea (Lepidoptera)
Methods

We used distribution data for 25 species of bats and 352 species of moths. We evaluated eleven SDM techniques using biomod2 package implemented in the R software environment. We fitted the various SDM techniques to the data for each species and compared the resulting ADD estimates for the two animal groups under three threshold types.
Results

The results demonstrated that estimated ADD spatial patterns vary significantly between SDM techniques and depend on the threshold type. They also showed that SDM techniques with overfitting tend to generate smaller ADD sizes, thus reducing the possible species presence estimates. Among the SDMs studied, the ensemble models delivered ADD geographic patterns more like the other techniques while also presenting a high predictive performance for both faunal groups. However, the Ensemble Model Committee Average (ECA) performed much better on the sensitivity metric than all other techniques under any of the thresholds tested. In addition, ECA stood out clearly from the other ensemble model techniques in displaying low-medium overfitting.
Main conclusions

SDM techniques should no differ among each other in their ADD estimations, have good predictive performances and exhibit low overfitting. Furthermore, to reduce estimate uncertainty it is suggested that the threshold type be one that transforms high values of presences probabilities into binary information and furthermore that the SDM technique have a sensitivity bias, as otherwise the estimates will perform better for species absence in cases where it is not in fact known whether a species is truly absent.
Towards an Integrated Healthcare System: Evolutionary Game Analysis on Competition and Cooperation between Urban and Rural Medical Institutions in China
Authors: Xu Xinglong , Liu Jiajie , Ampon-Wireko Sabina , Antwi Henry Asante , Zhou Lulin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
The game of interest is the root cause of the non-cooperative competition between urban and rural medical and health institutions. The study investigates competition and cooperation among urban and rural medical institutions using the evolutionary game analysis.
Methods
With the evolutionary game model, analysis of the stable evolutionary strategies between the urban and rural medical and health facilities is carried out. A numerical simulation is performed to demonstrate the influence of various values.
Results
The result shows that the cooperation mechanism between urban and rural medical Institutions is relevant to the efficiency of rural medical institutions, government supervision, reward, and punishment mechanism.
Conclusions
Suggestions for utilizing the government's macro regulation and control capabilities, resolving conflicts of interest between urban and rural medical and health institutions is recommended. In addition, the study again advocates mobilizing the internal power of medical institutions' cooperation to promote collaboration between urban and rural medical and health institutions.
Unveiling Phase Transitions In 1D Systems With Short-Range Interactions
Authors: Ferreira Lucas Souza , Jorge Lucas Nunes , DaSilva Cláudio J , Neto Minos A , Caparica Álvaro A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The statement that any phase transition is related to the appearance or disappearance of long-range spatial correlations precludes a finite transition temperature in one-dimensional (1D) systems. In this paper we demonstrate that the 1D Ising model with short-range exchange interactions exhibits a second-order phase transition at a finite temperature relying on the proper choice of the order parameter. To accomplish this, we combined analytical calculations and high-precision entropic sampling simulations and chose a slightly different order parameter, namely the module of the magnetization. Notably, we detected a phase transition with a corresponding critical temperature around 15 K, which is in excellent agreement with experimental results. Our study indicates that an inappropriate choice of the order parameter may mask phase transitions in one-dimensional systems.
Treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia and acute respiratory distress with ramatroban, a thromboxane A2 and prostaglandin D2 receptor antagonist: A 4-Patient Case Series Report
Authors: Ogletree Martin L. , Chiang Kate Chander , Kulshreshta Rashmi , Agarwal Aditya , Agarwal Ashutosh , Gupta Ajay 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
COVID-19 associated pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome are characterized by a lipid mediator storm with massive increases in lung and systemic thromboxane A2 >> prostaglandin D2. Thromboxane A2 is a potent vasoconstrictor of pulmonary veins >> arteries, and thereby promotes an increase in pulmonary capillary pressures, transudation of fluid into the alveolar space, pulmonary edema and ARDS. Thromboxane A2 also increases vascular permeability, contracts bronchial smooth muscle, triggers and amplifies platelet activation, and promotes a prothrombotic state. PGD2 promotes a Th2 immune response that is atypical for viral infections and inhibits antiviral defense by suppressing interferon λ expression. D-dimers, urinary 11-dehydro-TxB2, and IL-13, a Th2 cytokine, have emerged as key biomarkers of severity and organ failure in COVID-19. Ramatroban is an orally bioavailable, potent, dual antagonist of the thromboxane A2 (TPr) and PGD2 (DPr2) receptors. We report use of ramatroban in 4 COVID-19 outpatients, 22 to 87 years of age, with acute onset / worsening of respiratory distress and hypoxemia. All four patients experienced decrease in respiratory distress and increase in SpO2, within hours of the first dose and thereby avoided hospitalization. By the 5th day all 4 patients had complete resolution of respiratory distress and hypoxemia. Ramatroban (Baynas®, Bayer Yakuhin Ltd., Japan) has an established safety profile, having been indicated in Japan for the treatment of allergic rhinitis for over 20 years. As a broncho-relaxant, anti-vasospastic, anti-thrombotic and immunomodulator, ramatroban addresses the fundamental pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying respiratory and critical organ failure in COVID-19, and therefore merits urgent clinical trials that might impact the ongoing pandemic.
Investigation of the Electro-Optical Characteristics of GaAs/AlGaAs Multiple Quantum Well Grown by Metal Organic Vapor Phase Epitaxy
Authors: Turkoglu Aslan , Ergun Yüksel 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this study, the photoluminescence measurements of GaAs/AlGaAs multi-quantum-wells heterojunction structure grown on n+-GaAs substrates by Metal Organic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (MOVPE) method are investigated. By dropping 5145 Å wavelength laser light on the sample at room temperature and low temperatures, the transitions between the bands in the structure and the changes in these transitions under the different electric fields and temperatures are observed. In addition, by making theoretically developed self-consistent potential calculations, the subband energy levels and their corresponding wave functions of the structure under the electric field and without the electric field are calculated. The obtained numerical results were found to be in full agreement with the experimental measurements and theoretical calculations.
Drought Occurrence Probability Analysis Using Multivariate Standardized Drought Index and Copula Function Under Climate Change
Authors: Naderi Kimia , moghaddasi mahnoosh , Shokri Ashkan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effect of climate change on the probability of drought occurrence in central Iran. To this end, a new drought index called Multivariate Standardized Drought Index (MSDI) was developed, which is composed of the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and the Standardized Soil Moisture Index (SSI). The required data included precipitation, temperature (from CRU TS), and soil moisture (from the ESA CCA SM product) on a monthly time scale for the 1980–2016 period. Moreover, future climate data were downloaded from CMIP6 models under the latest SSPs-RCPs emission scenarios (SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5) for the 2020–2056 period. Based on the NRMSE, Sn, and NS evaluation criteria, the Galambos and Clayton functions were selected to derive copula-based joint distribution functions in both periods. The results showed that more severe droughts and longer will occur in the future compared to the historical period and in particular under the SSP5-8.5 scenario. From the derived joint return period, a drought event with defined severity or duration will happen in a shorter return period as compared with the historical period. In other words, joint return period indicated a higher probability of drought occurrence in the future period. Moreover, the joint return period analysis revealed that the return period of mild droughts will remain the same, while it decresed over extreme droughts in the future.
An Incremental Algorithm for Concept Lattice Based on SSIM
Authors: Hu Yu , Hu Yan Zhu , Su Zhong , Li Xiao Li , Meng Zhen , Tian Wen Jia 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
As an effective tool for data analysis, Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) is widely used in software engineering and machine learning. The construction of concept lattice is a key step of the FCA. How to effectively update the concept lattice is still an open, interesting and important issue. The main aim of this paper is to provide a solution to this problem. So, we propose an incremental algorithm for concept lattice based on image structure similarity (SsimAddExtent). In addition, we perform time complexity analysis and experiments to show effectiveness of algorithm.