bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body norms and normative bodies inHighland Guatemala
Authors: Maupin Jonathan N. , Hackman Joseph , Brewis Alexandra 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe concept of bionormalcy highlights the potential tensions between bodies defined clinically as normal or healthy, bodies that are normative (frequent) within a population, and bodies defined within a given social context as abnormal or devalued. Theories of resource scarcity predict preferences for larger bodiesshoulddeviate from what is biologically normative (i.e., most frequent) or clinically defined as healthy. Using the case of adult women in a Guatemalan community with chronically low food security, we test how food scarcity shapes individual views of smaller, larger, and clinically categorized normal bodies.MethodsParticipants were 102 women from a community in the Central Highlands of Guatemala. Using the Stunkard figure scale and a word elicitation task, participants attributed positive and negative characteristics to male and female silhouettes clinically defined as underweight, normal, overweight, mildly obese, and obese. Mixed‐effects models were used to compare attribution scores for figures relative to the clinically normal silhouette.ResultsSilhouettes deviating from the clinically defined normal BMI category on both sides are stigmatized to varying degrees. Food insecurity exacerbates the degree of stigma, while also relatively preferencing overweight bodies.ConclusionsIn this pilot study, women exhibit a preference for body sizes that fall within the clinical normal and overweight categories and stigmatize bodies outside this range, but in distinct ways. We suggest the attachment of stigma to small and large bodies are not mirror processes, and require more detailed testing to untangle the likely complex ecological and social explanations.
Synthesis of Imidazo[2,3‐a]isoquinoline and Imidazo[3,2‐a]quinoline Derivatives with Ynones, Isoquinolines and Quinolines
Authors: Cui Hai‐Lei , Li Jia‐Qin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA mild dearomatization/annulation cascade sequence of isoquinolines and quinolines with ynones has been developed. Highly functionalized imidazo[2,3‐a]isoquinoline and imidazo[3,2‐a]quinoline derivatives could be prepared directly in moderate to excellent yields.
Increased expression of GAPDH in cynomolgus monkeys with spontaneous cognitive decline and amyloidopathy reminiscent of an Alzheimer's‐type disease is reflected in the circulation
Authors: Darusman Huda S. , Saepuloh Uus , Mariya Sela S. , Sajuthi Dondin , Schapiro Steven J. , Hau Jann 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPrevious studies of aging cynomolgus monkeys from our group identified spontaneous age‐associated cognitive declines associated with biomarkers and brain lesions reminiscent of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), in a proportion of aged monkeys. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie the spontaneous amyloid disorders and cognitive declines observed in these affected monkeys have yet to be investigated in detail. Using reverse transcriptase quantitative real time PCR techniques, normalized to the ACTB housekeeping gene, we analyzed the expression patterns of a number of genes which have been implicated in amyloid and tau abnormalities, in well‐characterized aged cynomolgus monkeys with cognitive decline. A significantly increased expression of the genes coding for glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), was found in aged‐cognitive decline monkeys compared to age‐matched healthy controls. GAPDH has been implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases and interacts with beta amyloid precursor proteins. These findings provide support for the utilization of cynomolgus macaques in translational preclinical research as valid spontaneous models in experimental investigations of the relationships among aging, cognitive decline, and the neuropathy of AD.
Electrodeposition of Zinc onto Au(111) and Au(100) from the Ionic Liquid [MPPip][TFSI]
Authors: Schuett Fabian M. , Heubach Maren‐Kathrin , Mayer Jerome , Ceblin Maximilian U. , Kibler Ludwig A. , Jacob Timo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe improvement of rechargeable zinc/air batteries was a hot topic in recent years. Predominantly, the influence of water and additives on the structure of the Zn deposit and the possible dendrite formation were studied. However, the effect of the surface structure of the underlying substrate was not focused on in detail, yet. We now show the differences in electrochemical deposition of Zn onto Au(111) and Au(100) from the ionic liquid N‐methyl‐N‐propylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide. The fundamental processes were initially characterized via cyclic voltammetry and in situ scanning tunnelling microscopy. Bulk deposits were then examined using Auger electron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Different structures of Zn deposits are observed during the initial stages of electrocrystallisation on both electrodes, which reveals the strong influence of the crystallographic orientation on the metal deposition of zinc on gold.
Ein Boratafulven
Authors: Heitkemper Tobias , Naß Leonard , Sindlinger Christian P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBorole mit Bor‐gebundenen Alkylresten wurden hergestellt und charakterisiert und die Auswirkungen von Alkylsubstituenten auf die elektronischen Eigenschaften untersucht. Die Deprotonierung einer exozyklischen, Bor‐gebundenen Methylgruppe in einem B‐Methylborol führt zum 5‐Boratafulvenanion – einem Isomer des Boratabenzols. Das Boratafulven wurde charakterisiert, und die elektronischen Eigenschaften wurden durch DFT‐Rechnung untersucht. Eine computerchemische Abschätzung der pKs‐Werte der exozyklischen B‐CH3‐Gruppen für Substitutionsderivate des Borols weist auf eine erhöhte C‐H‐Azidität infolge des in einen antiaromatischen Ring eingebetteten Boratoms hin. Das nicht‐aromatische Boratafulven reagiert als C‐zentriertes Nukleophil mit dem milden Elektrophil Me3SnCl, unter Zurückgewinnung des antiaromatischen Charakters, zu einem Stannylmethylborol. Als nukleophile Synthone für Borole eröffnen Boratafulvene einen neuen Zugang zu diesen hochreaktiven Heterozyklen. Das Boratafulven reagiert gegenüber Benzophenon als Methylen‐Transferreagenz in einer bora‐Wittig‐artigen Reaktion unter Bildung eines Boroloxids.
Fabrication of Pebax/SAPO mixed matrix membranes for CO2/N2 separation
Authors: Zhang Suixin , Zheng Yingfei , Wu Yonghong , Zhang Bing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMixed matrix membranes (MMMs) were prepared by solvent evaporation method using Pebax‐1074 polymer as matrix and inorganic zeolite SAPO‐23 as dopant. The morphology, surface functional groups, microstructure, thermal stability, and separation performance of MMMs were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and gas permeation, respectively. The effects of dopant loading amount, permeation temperature, and permeation pressure on the structure and properties of MMMs were investigated. The results showed that the introduction of SAPO zeolite reduced the crystallinity of the MMMs and improved the CO2/N2 selectivity. Under the conditions of 30°C and 0.15 MPa, the MMMs prepared by incorporating with 5% SAPO zeolite in content exhibited the highest CO2/N2 selectivity of 72.0 together with the CO2 permeability of 98.2 Barrer.
Effect of hybrid cross‐linked polyphosphazene microspheres on ablative and mechanical properties of ethylene propylene diene monomer
Authors: Chen Junming , He Jinxuan , Liu Longquan , He Yongzhu , Huang Xiaobin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPolymeric ablative materials (PAMs) are widely used in spacecraft currently for thermal insulation. However, it is challenging to find a single filler that can improve both ablative and mechanical properties of PAMs. In this study, a new type of hybrid cross‐linked polyphosphazene microspheres (PHC) is added to ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) composites as a filler for the first time and its influence on the ablation, mechanical, and thermal properties of EPDM is investigated. The results show that the addition of 3 phr PHC increases the ablation performance by about 10% and enhances the mechanical properties by 20% approximately. In addition, the ablation mechanism is studied in accordance with SEM, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy. On the one hand, PHC has the effect of catalyzing carbonization, thus increasing the rate of residual carbon; on the other hand, PHC changes the morphology of the char layer, forming a cross‐linked structure containing P─O─Si bonds on the surface. The findings regarding catalyzing carbonization and the special char layer structure could guide the design of ablative materials.
Toward genomic selection inPinus taeda: Integrating resources to support array design in a complex conifer genome
Authors: Caballero Madison , Lauer Edwin , Bennett Jeremy , Zaman Sumaira , McEvoy Susan , Acosta Juan , Jackson Colin , Townsend Laura , Eckert Andrew , Whetten Ross W. , Loopstra Carol , Holliday Jason , Mandal Mihir , Wegrzyn Jill L. , Isik Fikret 
Published: July 2021

PremiseAn informatics approach was used for the construction of an Axiom genotyping array from heterogeneous, high‐throughput sequence data to assess the complex genome of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda).MethodsHigh‐throughput sequence data, sourced from exome capture and whole genome reduced‐representation approaches from 2698 trees across five sequence populations, were analyzed with the improved genome assembly and annotation for the loblolly pine. A variant detection, filtering, and probe design pipeline was developed to detect true variants across and within populations. From 8.27 million variants, a total of 642,275 were evaluated and 423,695 of those were screened across a range‐wide population.ResultsThe final informatics and screening approach delivered an Axiom array representing 46,439 high‐confidence variants to the forest tree breeding and genetics community. Based on the annotated reference genome, 34% were located in or directly upstream or downstream of genic regions.DiscussionThe Pita50K array represents a genome‐wide resource developed from sequence data for an economically important conifer, loblolly pine. It uniquely integrates independent projects that assessed trees sampled across the native range. The challenges associated with the large and repetitive genome are addressed in the development of this resource.
Chalcogen Bonds in Selenocysteine Seleninic Acid, a Functional GPx Constituent, and in Other Seleninic or Sulfinic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Tripathi Abhishek , Daolio Andrea , Pizzi Andrea , Guo Zhifang , Turner David R. , Baggioli Alberto , Famulari Antonino , Deacon Glen B. , Resnati Giuseppe , Singh Harkesh B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe controlled oxidation reaction of L‐selenocystine under neutral pH conditions affords selenocysteine seleninic acid (3‐selenino‐L‐alanine) which is characterized also by means of single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. This technique shows that selenium forms three chalcogen bonds (ChBs), one of them being outstandingly short. A survey of seleninic acid derivatives in the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) confirms that the C−Se(=O)O− functionality tends to act as a ChB donor robust enough to systematically influence the interactional landscape in the solid. Quantum Theory of Atom in Molecules (QTAIM) analysis proves the attractive nature of the short contacts observed in crystals containing the seleninic functionality and calculation of surface molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) reveals that remarkably positive σ‐holes can frequently be found opposite to the covalent bonds at selenium. Both CSD searches and QTAIM and MEP approaches show that also the sulfinic acid moiety can function as a ChB donor, albeit less frequently than the seleninic acid one. These findings may contribute to a better understanding, at the atomic level, of the mechanism of action of the enzymes that control oxidative stress and ROS deactivation and that contain selenocysteine seleninic acid and cysteine sulfinic acid in the active site.
Photoinitiated Free‐Radical Polymerization of 4,5,6,7‐Tetrahalogenated Fluoresceins
Authors: Jung Young Jae , Nganga Joseph B. , Cho Jang‐Hoon , Lee Hong‐In , Lee Jungkyu K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe demonstrated the photoredox catalytic performances of fluorescein derivatives, bearing heavy halogen atoms (Br or I) on a benzoic acid group, using photoinitiated free‐radical polymerization. 4,5,6,7‐Tetrabromofluorescein and 4,5,6,7‐tetraiodofluorescein were used as visible‐light‐photoredox catalysts to initiate polymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate and N‐vinylpyrrolidone in the presence of triethanolamine under aerobic conditions. Their photocatalytic performances were evaluated by the hydrogelation of photopolymerization both on the surface of an agarose film and in a liquid solution. The polymerization degree increased considerably in the following order: tetraiodofluorescein<tetrabromofluorescein<fluorescein. This result was different from fluorescein derivatives containing the heavy halogen atoms on a xanthene core ring. Consequently, the location of the heavy halogen atoms was crucial in the photocatalytic performance of fluorescein derivatives.
Robust control design for the FLEXOP demonstrator aircraft via tensor product models
Authors: Takarics Béla , Vanek Bálint 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe paper proposes a control design methodology for active flutter suppression for the aeroservoelastic (ASE) aircraft of the European project FLEXOP. The aim of the controller is to robustly stabilize the aeroelastic modes. The control design is based on a control‐oriented linear parameter‐varying (LPV) model, which is derived via “bottom–up” modeling approach and includes the parametric uncertainties of the flutter modes. The tensor product (TP) type LPV model is generated via TP model transformation. The symmetric and asymmetric flutter modes are decoupled, which allows independent control design for each. LPV observer‐based state feedback control structure is applied with constraints on the maximal control value to avoid input saturation. The scheduling parameters of the TP‐type LPV models are split into measured and uncertain parameters for robust control design. Convex hull manipulation‐based optimization and model complexity effects are investigated. The resulting controller is validated via the high‐fidelity ASE model of the FLEXOP aircraft.
Successfully Detecting and Mitigating Algal Blooms and Taste and Odor Compounds
Authors: Adams Hunter , Southard Mark , Reeder Sam , Buerkens Frances , Hallford Randal L. , Ikehata Keisuke , Nix Daniel K. 
Published: July 2021

Key TakeawaysAfter receiving hundreds of complaints, the City of Wichita Falls, Texas, developed a plan for monitoring harmful algal blooms to detect and mitigate taste and odor (T&O) compounds and cyanotoxins.The plan uses sensory analysis, genus‐level or functional‐group identification, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry/electron capture detector, data sondes, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction to monitor blooms for T&O issues and cyanotoxins before they become problems.When blooms are detected, mitigation efforts include source‐switching, pretreatment, oxidation, and adsorption, which have eliminated customer complaints following more than 60 years of unmitigated T&O cycles.
Power Plant Bromide Discharges and Potential Effects on DBP Formation
Authors: VanBriesen Jeanne M. , Carpenter Adam T. , Good Kelly D. , Kolb Chelsea , Wilson Jessica M. 
Published: July 2021

Key TakeawaysPower plant wastewaters contain bromide, and their discharge to the environment can increase bromide concentrations in surface waters used for potable water supply, increasing brominated disinfection byproducts in finished water.Drinking water utilities should assess upstream bromide sources to determine their contribution to bromide and brominated disinfection byproducts at drinking water intakes.Analysis of bromide sources and receiving water conditions helps in developing control strategies for bromide discharges that affect drinking water supplies.
Does chronic inflammation cause acute inflammation to spiral into hyper‐inflammation in a manner modulated by diet and the gut microbiome, in severe Covid‐19?
Authors: Luthra‐Guptasarma Manni , Guptasarma Purnananda 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe propose that hyper‐inflammation (HYPi) is a ‘‘runaway’’ consequence of acute inflammation (ACUi) that arises more easily (and also abates less easily) in those who host a pre‐existing chronic inflammation (CHRi), because (i) most factors involved in generating an ACUi to limit viral proliferation are already present when there is an underlying CHRi, and also because (ii) anti‐inflammatory (AI) mechanisms for the abatement of ACUi (following containment of viral proliferation) are suppressed and desensitized where there is an underlying CHRi, with this causing the ACUi to spiral into a HYPi. Stress, pollution, diet, and gut microbiomes (alterable in weeks through dietary changes) have an intimate and bidirectional cause‐effect relationship with CHRi. We propose that avoidance of CHRi‐promoting foods and adoption of CHRi‐suppressing foods could reduce susceptibility to HYPi, in Covid‐19 and in other viral diseases, such as influenza, which are characterized by episodic and unpredictable HYPi.
Incorporating an activity schedule during schedule thinning in treatment of problem behavior
Authors: Boyle Megan A. , Bacon McKenzie T. , Sharp Danielle S. , Mills Nathan D. , Janota Taylor A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe incorporated an activity schedule (MacDuff et al., 1993) into schedule thinning (Hanley et al., 2014) following functional communication training in the treatment of problem behavior of a child with autism, systematically replicating and extending research on activity schedules and schedule thinning. When the activity schedule was introduced, independent engagement increased, rates of communication responses decreased, and problem behavior remained low. Results are discussed in terms of advantages of activity schedules during schedule thinning, conceptual implications for including activity schedules, and directions for future research.
A naphthyl thiourea‐based effective chemosensor for fluorescence detection of Ag+ and Zn2+
Authors: Seo Yuna , Park Soyoung , Kim Gyeongjin , Lee Minji , Kim Cheal 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA naphthyl thiourea‐based effective chemosensor HNC, (E)‐2‐(2‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxybenzylidene)‐N‐(naphthalen‐1‐yl)hydrazine‐1‐carbothioamide, was synthesized. HNC showed quick responses toward Ag+ and Zn2+ through marked fluorescence turn‐on in different solvent conditions, respectively. Binding proportions of HNC to Ag+ and Zn2+ were found to be 2:1 and 1:1, respectively. Detection limits of HNC for Ag+ and Zn2+ were calculated as 3.82 and 0.21 μM. Binding processes of HNC for Ag+ and Zn2+ were represented using Job’s plot, DFT, 1H NMR titration, and ESI‐MS.
Intra‐heterogeneity in transcription and chemoresistant property of leukemia‐initiating cells in murine Setd2−/− acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Song Jiachun , Du Longting , Liu Ping , Wang Fuhui , Zhang Bo , Xie Yinyin , Lu Jing , Jin Yi , Zhou Yan , Lv Gang , Zhang Jianmin , Chen Saijuan , Chen Zhu , Sun Xiaojian , Zhang Yuanliang , Huang Qiuhua 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundHeterogeneity of leukemia‐initiating cells (LICs) is a major obstacle in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) therapy. Accumulated evidence indicates that the coexistence of multiple types of LICs with different pathogenicity in the same individual is a common feature in AML. However, the functional heterogeneity including the drug response of coexistent LICs remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the intra‐heterogeneity in LICs that can help predict leukemia behavior and develop more effective treatments.MethodsSpleen cells from the primary Setd2−/−‐AML mouse were transplanted into C57BL/6 recipient mice to generate a transplantable model. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the immunophenotype of the leukemic mice. Whole‐genome sequencing was conducted to detect secondary hits responsible for leukemia transformation. A serial transplantation assay was used to determine the self‐renewal potential of Setd2−/−‐AML cells. A limiting‐dilution assay was performed to identify the LIC frequency in different subsets of leukemia cells. Bulk and single‐cell RNA sequencing were performed to analyze the transcriptional heterogeneity of LICs. Small molecular inhibitor screening and in vivo drug treatment were employed to clarify the difference in drug response between the different subsets of LICs.ResultsIn this study, we observed an aged Setd2−/− mouse developing AML with co‐mutation of NrasG12S and BrafK520E. Further investigation identified two types of LICs residing in the c‐Kit+B220+Mac‐1− and c‐Kit+B220+Mac‐1+ subsets, respectively. In vivo transplantation assay disclosed the heterogeneity in differentiation between the coexistent LICs. Besides, an intrinsic doxorubicin‐resistant transcriptional signature was uncovered in c‐Kit+B220+Mac‐1+ cells. Indeed, doxorubicin plus cytarabine (DA), the standard chemotherapeutic regimen used in AML treatment, could specifically kill c‐Kit+B220+Mac‐1− cells, but it hardly affected c‐Kit+B220+Mac‐1+ cells. Transcriptome analysis unveiled a higher activation of RAS downstream signaling pathways in c‐Kit+B220+Mac‐1+ cells than in c‐Kit+B220+Mac‐1− cells. Combined treatment with DA and RAS pathway inhibitors killed both c‐Kit+B220+Mac‐1− and c‐Kit+B220+Mac‐1+ cells and attenuated disease progression.ConclusionsThis study identified two cell subsets enriched for LICs in murine Setd2−/−‐AML and disclosed the transcriptional and functional heterogeneity of LICs, revealing that the coexistence of different types of LICs in this model brings about diverse drug response.