bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Psoriasis Vulgaris and Its Associated Risk Factors in Pakistan
Authors: Sohail Syeda Ujala , Iqbal Nasima , Kumar Ashok , Fatimee Sarwath , Khan Ayesha , Nangrejo Ruqaya 
Published: September 2021

Aim: To find out the prevalence of psoriasis vulgaris and its associated risk factors.
Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional.
Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted at Rawalpindi Leprosy Hospital during January 2019 to December 2019.
Methodology: The diagnosed cases of Psoriasis Vulgaris (PsV) were included in the study. All the patients were investigated on the basis of an in depth Performa. The Performa include all the relevant clinical and family history of the patient along with the personal details. Data was analyzed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. All the numerical variables were presented as mean with standard deviation while categorical data as frequency and percentages. The association of risk factors with the Psoriasis was calculated by using the Chi-square test. p-value less than 0.05 was considered as significant.
Results: Mean age with standard deviation of patients was 34.7±14. Most of the diagnosed patients were male and below 40 years of age, only 4.2% cases were having positive family history of Psoriasis and found significant correlation. The frequency of onset of symptoms in adolescent was more as compared to childhood i.e. 95.3% and 4.7% respectively. Majority of psoriasis cases (65.3%) were from non-smoker group and having strong association with smoking. The frequency of arthritis among psoriasis patients was 23.7% and majority of the patients, who developed arthritis were those having age <40 year and were suffering from psoriasis since 5-10 years.
Conclusion: Current study concluded that Psoriasis vulgar is having higher prevalence rate among male and below 40 years of age group. The results also suggested a strong association of severity of psoriasis with certain risk factors including family history, age of onset of symptoms, smoking and arthritis.
Congestive Cardiac Failure: A Case Report
Authors: Vanlalsawmi Julie , Mendhe Deeplata , Wankhede Pratibha 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Congestive Cardiac Failure (CCF) is an anomalous clinical condition involving insufficient heart pumping and filling. Cardiac failure causes the heart to be unable to provide enough blood to meet the tissue's oxygen needs. Heart disease is the most common explanation why older people are admitted to hospitals or are in need of palliation. This puts a huge economic strain on the health care system. The dynamic, progressive nature of heart failure also leads to poor results, with hospital readmissions being the costliest. About half of those patient die within 5 years after diagnosis.
Case presentation [1]: A male patient of 62years from Aarvi Naka was admitted to Medicine Intensive Care Unit (MICU), AVBRH on 11th January 2020 with a known case of Ischemic Cardiomyopathy which was diagnosed itself at AVBRH on 22nd October 2018 and a known case of diabetes and hypertension for 10 years. My patient was brought to AVBRH Emergency Unit on 11th January 2020 with a chief complaint of breathlessness for 2 days, sweating over both feet for 5 days and generalized weakness for 2 weeks. He was having difficulty in breathing for about 2 days which eventually become severe on 11th January 2020 evening and was brought immediately to AVBRH and got admitted on the same day. The patient was delirious and vomit two times on admission.
Comparison of Prescribing Errors in Different Wards of Tertiary Care Hospital before and after Implementation of CPOE System
Authors: Qureshi Imran , Baig Mirza Tasawer , Shahid Uzma , Huma Ambreen , Jabeen Aisha , Lodhi Muneeza , Shah Aslam , Soomro Hirra , Mehdi Muhammad Asad , Sajid Asma 
Published: September 2021

Background: Medication prescribing errors were always known as inevitable errors in health care system which mainly includes physician’s writing error which then leads to wrong dispensing error. Manual Prescribing has now shifted to CPOE System that seems to be more efficient. Through this system, it is believed that quality and patient security is improved by lessening medicine and different mistakes at various phases of the request the board procedure and by maintaining a strategic reserve from repetitive testing. This Study was conducted to compare the prescribing errors in different hospital wards of a tertiary care hospital for in-patients by using two approaches; Manual Prescribing and CPOE System Prescribing.
Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on manual prescriptions for three months and on CPOE prescriptions for three months. In this way a total of 4102 prescriptions were evaluated for different types of prescribing errors occurred in different wards. Whole study was conducted on In-patients from all the wards in the hospital except Emergency and OPD patients.
Results and Discussion: The results showed that the maximum number of manual prescription errors were found in Medical ICU ward, while prescribing errors for CPOE setup were found comparatively at higher rate in Medicinal ward. It was also found that maximum frequency of prescribing errors were found in Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in both the settings; CPOE System and Manual Prescribing
Conclusion: It was concluded that CPOE system is helpful for reducing prescribing errors but it must be supervised by pharmacists to overcome potential errors.
Clinical Features, Diagnosis and Treatment Strategies of Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy: An Observational Study from South India
Authors: Chandra S. Nigama , Rao A. Anka , Rao S. N. G. Koteswara , Umasankar K. , Reddy A. R. Rajasekhar 
Published: September 2021

Objective: The present observational study describes the natural course of clinical features, family history, and diagnosis pattern and treatment strategies in rare genetic disorder, Limb girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD).
Research Design: Observational study
Methods: Clinically/Immunohistochemically/genetically confirmed LGMD patients diagnosed between February 2019 and March 2021 were ambispectively included. The primary outcomes, secondary outcomes such as clinical presentations, behavioral problems, diagnosis pattern and treatment strategies were studied. A correlation of primary outcomes and steroid, non-steroid regimens were achieved. The demographic data was expressed using descriptive statistics mean ± standard deviation [SD]. The significance level was fixed at α = 0.05
Results: 300 LGMD patients were included, out of which 272 patients participated in the study. The mean onset age of symptoms was 8-21 years (13.7 ± 1.9). The mean age of wheelchair bound was found to be between 18 years to 37 years (25.23±1.4) in 123 patients. Bedbound status was attained in 22 patients with a mean age between 18 to 49 years (27.5±2). 7 patients reported death during the study phase with a mean age of 39.2±2.4 (38-45). Comparatively, both steroid and non-steroid regimens using patients exhibited loss of ambulation at 38 years of age. The disease confirmation reported was primarily by clinical examinations (89%) and genetic testing was of minimal number (22%).
Conclusion: The outcome measures in the large cohort is similar to that of the Western population despite variability in medical prudence. The contemporary observational study adds to the real-world evidence in approaching better research strategies to treat the LGMD community.
An iterative algorithm for regret minimization in flexible demand scheduling problems
Authors: Dong Zihang , Angeli David , De Paola Antonio , Strbac Goran 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA major challenge to develop optimal strategies for allocation of flexible demand toward the smart grid paradigm is the uncertainty associated with the real‐time price and electricity demand. This article presents a regret‐based model and a novel iterative algorithm which solves the minimax regret optimization problem. This algorithms exhibits low computational burden compared with traditional linear programming methods and affords iterative convergence through updates of feasible power schedules, thus enabling a scalable parallel implementation for large device populations. Specifically, our approach seeks to minimize the induced worst‐case regret over all price scenarios and solves the optimal charging strategy for the electrical devices. The convergence of the method and optimality of the computed solution is justified and some numerical simulations are discussed for the case of a single device operating under different types of price realizations and uncertainty bounds.
Perovskite Anion Exchange: A Microdynamics Model and a Polar Adsorption Strategy for Precise Control of Luminescence Color
Authors: Zhou Yihui , Fang Tao , Liu Gaoyu , Xiang Hengyang , Yang Linxiang , Li Yan , Wang Run , Yan Danni , Dong Yuhui , Cai Bo , Zeng Haibo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInorganic perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have natural advantages in the field of light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) because of their high color purity and tunability in a wide range. However, when manufacturing efficiently mixed‐anion perovskite QDs (CsPbBrxI3−x) to meet the requirements of the pure red color standard in the display field (≈630 nm), results are difficult to control accurately due to the lack of exploration of its microscopic mechanism. Here, a microdynamics model is constructed for anion exchange dominated by vacancies which revealed the key role of polar solvent in reducing the surface energy barrier of anions through first‐principle calculations. Besides, a polar solvent construct in situ anion exchange channels method is proposed. Then, the precise control of anion exchange is demonstrated, and the precise regulation spectrum of the whole red‐light range (600–680 nm) is achieved. Finally, various QD LEDs (QLEDs) based on these tunable QDs are fabricated and exhibit excellent photoelectric performance in the main red range (620–680 nm). Among them, the champion QLEDs, have peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 16.3% at 633 nm and peak EQE of 18.2% at 646 nm, showing potential in meeting the requirements of display standard.
Perovskite Origami for Programmable Microtube Lasing
Authors: Dong Haiyun , Saggau Christian Niclaas , Zhu Minshen , Liang Jie , Duan Shengkai , Wang Xiaoyu , Tang Hongmei , Yin Yin , Wang Xiaoxia , Wang Jiawei , Zhang Chunhuan , Zhao Yong Sheng , Ma Libo , Schmidt Oliver G. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMetal halide perovskites are promising materials for optoelectronic and photonic applications ranging from photovoltaics to laser devices. However, current perovskite devices are constrained to simple low‐dimensional structures suffering from limited design freedom and holding up performance improvement and functionality upgrades. Here, a micro‐origami technique is developed to program 3D perovskite microarchitectures toward a new type of microcavity laser. The design flexibility in 3D supports not only outstanding laser performance such as low threshold, tunable output, and high stability but also yields new functionalities like 3D confined mode lasing and directional emission in, for example, laser “array‐in‐array” systems. The results represent a significant step forward toward programmable microarchitectures that take perovskite optoelectronics and photonics into the 3D era.
Poly(2‐alkyl‐2‐oxazoline)‐Heparin Hydrogels—Expanding the Physicochemical Parameter Space of Biohybrid Materials
Authors: Hahn Dominik , Sonntag Jannick M. , Lück Steffen , Maitz Manfred F. , Freudenberg Uwe , Jordan Rainer , Werner Carsten 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPoly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐glycosaminoglycan (GAG) hydrogel networks are established as very versatile biomaterials. Herein, the synthetic gel component of the biohybrid materials is systematically varied by combining different poly(2‐alkyl‐2‐oxazolines) (POx) with heparin applying a Michael‐type addition crosslinking scheme: POx of gradated hydrophilicity and temperature‐responsiveness provides polymer networks of distinctly different stiffness and swelling. Adjusting the mechanical properties and the GAG concentration of the gels to similar values allows for modulating the release of GAG‐binding growth factors (VEGF165 and PDGF‐BB) by the choice of the POx and its temperature‐dependent conformation. Adsorption of fibronectin, growth of fibroblasts, and bacterial adhesion scale with the hydrophobicity of the gel‐incorporated POx. In vitro hemocompatibility tests with freshly drawn human whole blood show advantages of POx‐based gels compared to the PEG‐based reference materials. Biohybrid POx hydrogels can therefore enable biomedical technologies requiring GAG‐based materials with customized and switchable physicochemical characteristics.
Visualizing Van der Waals Epitaxial Growth of 2D Heterostructures
Authors: Zhang Kenan , Ding Changchun , Pan Baojun , Wu Zhen , Marga Austin , Zhang Lijie , Zeng Hao , Huang Shaoming 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the growth mechanisms of 2D van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures is of great importance in exploring their functionalities and device applications. A custom‐built system integrating physical vapor deposition and optical microscopy/Raman spectroscopy is employed to study the dynamic growth processes of 2D vdW heterostructures in situ. This allows the identification of a new growth mode with a distinctly different growth rate and morphology from those of the conventional linear growth mode. A model that explains the difference in morphologies and quantifies the growth rates of the two modes by taking the role of surface diffusion into account is proposed. A range of material combinations including CdI2/WS2, CdI2/MoS2, CdI2/WSe2, PbI2/WS2, PbI2/MoS2, PbI2/WSe2, and Bi2Se3/WS2 is systematically investigated. These findings may be generalized to the synthesis of many other 2D heterostructures with controlled morphologies and physical properties, benefiting future device applications.
Bandgap Tuned WS2 Thin‐Film Photodetector by Strain Gradient in van der Waals Effective Homojunctions
Authors: Kim Seong Jun , Kim Dongwook , Min Bok Ki , Yi Yoonsik , Mondal Shuvra , Nguyen Van‐Tam , Hwang Jeongwoon , Suh Dongwoo , Cho Kyeongjae , Choi Choon‐Gi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractVan der Waals (vdW) heterostructures (or heterojunctions) are formed by stacking two different 2D materials (e.g., graphene, h‐BN, or transition metal dichalcogenides) across vdW gaps. In a type‐II heterojunction, 2D semiconductors are aligned with staggered bandgaps, which can effectively separate electron and hole carriers, and enable promising high‐performance photovoltaics and photodetectors. Herein, an effective vdW‐homojunction is reported, formed by one 2D material (2H‐WS2) with vdW gap engineering leading to different electronic structures and type‐II junction formation. WS2 films are synthesized by W metal deposition and controlled sulfurization method leading to a nonuniform vdW gap strain in the film. The vdW strain gradients in multilayer WS2 films are confirmed by transmission electron microscopy analysis, and the modeling by density functional theory shows an effective type‐II homojunction formation via modulated bandgaps by the vdW gap strains. The superior performance of a broadband photodetector application is confirmed by photoluminescence and photocurrent experiments.
Mobile app helps trainees manage emergencies at the bedside
Authors: Chu Andrew L. , Keschner Yonatan G. , Lai Lucinda , Baugh Joshua J. , Baugh Christopher W. , Biddinger Paul D. , Raja Ali S. , Isselbacher Eric M. , Conley Jared 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough emergency departments (ED) have standardized guidelines for low‐frequency, high‐acuity diagnoses, they are not immediately accessible at the bedside, and this can cause anxiety in trainees and delay patient care. This problem is exacerbated during events like COVID‐19 that require the rapid creation, iteration, and dissemination of new guidelines.MethodsPhysician innovators used design thinking principles to develop EM Protocols (EMP), a mobile application that clinicians can use to immediately view guidelines, contact consultants (e.g., cath lab activation), and access code‐running tools. The project became an institutional high priority, because it helps EM trainees and off‐service rotators manage low‐frequency, high‐acuity emergencies at the point of care, and its COVID‐19 guidelines can be rapidly updated and disseminated in real time.ResultsThis intervention was deployed across two academic medical centers during the COVID‐19 surge. Nearly 300 ED clinicians have downloaded EMP, and they have interacted with the app over 5,400 times. It continues to be used regularly, over 12 months after the initial surge. Since the app was received positively, there are efforts to build in additional adult and pediatric guidelines.DiscussionDigital health tools like EMP can serve as invaluable adjuncts for managing acute, life‐threatening emergencies at the point of care. They can benefit trainees during normal day‐to‐day operations as well as scenarios that cause large‐scale operational disruptions, such as natural disasters, mass casualty events, and future pandemics.
Review of frailty measurement of older people: Evaluation of the conceptualization, included domains, psychometric properties, and applicability
Authors: Huang Emma Yun‐zhi , Lam Simon Ching 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe purposes of this review are to describe the existing research on frailty measurement of older people and to understand their characteristics, with a focus on conceptual definitions, psychometric properties, and diagnostic accuracies. We reviewed the published literature to explore if cross‐cultural studies of different types of frailty measurements have been conducted and to determine their applicability in the community setting. Narrative review with limited electronic database search and cross reference searching of included studies was performed. Studies published after year 2001 were searched for using MEDLINE and CINAHL Plus databases with keywords. A total of 5144 search results were obtained, but only 42 frailty measurements were identified in 68 studies. For the type, three different measurements were indicated, namely, self‐report instrument (n = 17), clinical observation assessment (n = 19), and mixed frailty assessment instrument (n = 6). Only 12 (29%) measurements examined reliability and validity. Nevertheless, over 35% did not perform any psychometric testing before applying. For diagnosis accuracies, 35 (83%) frailty measurements reported the cut‐off value(s) for determining level of the frailty. However, the sensitivity (56%‐89.5%) and specificity (52%‐91.3%) varied. The applicability was also diverse and some frailty instruments should be only used in some specific population and mode of administration. This review provides an overview of three major types of frailty measurements used in different settings with different purposes. For estimating the prevalence of frailty of older people in a community, the self‐report type may be appropriate. The psychometric properties of many reviewed instruments are reported insufficiently. The cut‐off value(s) are usually suggested with diverse sensitivity and specificity. Self‐report instruments, such as Groningen Frailty Indicator (GFI) and Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI), are the most extensively examined in terms of satisfactory psychometric properties. Thus, GFI and TFI, with the current evidence, are recommended to be used in the community setting for frailty screening tools.
Antibody screening at reduced pH enables preferential selection of potently neutralizing antibodies targeting SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Madan Bharat , Reddem Eswar R. , Wang Pengfei , Casner Ryan G. , Nair Manoj S. , Huang Yaoxing , Fahad Ahmed S. , de Souza Matheus Oliveira , Banach Bailey B. , López Acevedo Sheila N. , Pan Xiaoli , Nimrania Rajani , Teng I‐Ting , Bahna Fabiana , Zhou Tongqing , Zhang Baoshan , Yin Michael T. , Ho David D. , Kwong Peter D. , Shapiro Lawrence , DeKosky Brandon J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAntiviral monoclonal antibody (mAb) discovery enables the development of antibody‐based antiviral therapeutics. Traditional antiviral mAb discovery relies on affinity between antibody and a viral antigen to discover potent neutralizing antibodies, but these approaches are inefficient because many high affinity mAbs have no neutralizing activity. We sought to determine whether screening for anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 mAbs at reduced pH could provide more efficient neutralizing antibody discovery. We mined the antibody response of a convalescent COVID‐19 patient at both physiological pH (7.4) and reduced pH (4.5), revealing that SARS‐CoV‐2 neutralizing antibodies were preferentially enriched in pH 4.5 yeast display sorts. Structural analysis revealed that a potent new antibody called LP5 targets the SARS‐CoV‐2 N‐terminal domain supersite via a unique binding recognition mode. Our data combine with evidence from prior studies to support antibody screening at pH 4.5 to accelerate antiviral neutralizing antibody discovery.
In‐depth investigation of incremental layer build‐up from dried deposited droplets
Authors: Janocha Manuel , Tsotsas Evangelos 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study presents an approach to closely investigate the process of incremental layer build‐up from convectively dried sessile droplets. In a droplet‐by‐droplet manner, three layers of sodium benzoate solution droplets are consecutively applied on a glass substrate and successively dried in a laboratory‐scale drying chamber. The morphology of the simplified layer structure that incrementally forms from the individual deposits is analyzed via white‐light interferometry, after every addition of a new droplet. Furthermore, complementary X‐ray micro‐tomography measurements of the deposits were carried out to monitor inner structure development. Recurring steps and phenomena throughout the experimental build‐up process were identified and could be characterized through these methods. Moreover, these phenomena could be linked to specific combinations of droplet positioning and drying conditions. Finally, the overall influence of convective drying parameters as well as droplet properties on the layer formation process was investigated with regard to morphology and porosity.
Influence of geometry modifications on the permeability of open‐cell foams
Authors: Föhst Sonja , Osterroth Sebastian , Arnold Felix , Redenbach Claudia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA stochastic microstructure model based on a random Laguerre tessellation is used to simulate virtual open cell foam structures. Both circular cylindric and concave triangular strut cross section shapes are considered. Additional geometry modifications are introduced by relaxation of the tessellation cells using the Surface Evolver software and by closing a certain percentage of the foam windows. The effect of these modifications on the foams' permeabilities is investigated. In particular, permeability anisotropies resulting from anisotropic closing of the windows are taken into account. The dimensionless permeability (Darcy number) in the different directions is well explained by regression models using porosity, geometric tortuosity, and constrictivity as explanatory variables.