bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Knowledge, Awareness and Attitude towards Oral Precancer and Cancer among Narikuravar Population in Pondicherry State
Authors: Muthanandam Sivaramakrishnan , Babu Bontha V. , Muthu Jananni , Suganya R. , Vezhavendhan N. , Kishore M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objective Literature revealed that oral health status and awareness about oral hygiene measures of Narikuravar tribes were very poor. There was also an increased prevalence of tobacco usage among this population. Considering this, incidence and prevalence of oral precancerous and cancerous lesions are expected to be high in this population. Surprisingly, the literature search revealed a lack of data on the awareness, knowledge, and prevalence of oral cancer and precancer in this group. The primary objective of this survey is to assess knowledge, awareness and attitude toward oral precancer and cancer among the Narikuravar tribal population in Pondicherry state.
Materials and Methods This questionnaire survey is a part of the Model for Oral Cancer Eradication project conducted among the Narikuravar population in Pondicherry, which is funded by Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). A total of 153 participants were recruited for the survey. A prevalidated questionnaire was used for the survey.
Results The results indicated that 47% of the participants were aware of what is oral precancer and cancer. As much as 62% knew that chewing tobacco causes oral cancer and 44% thought that the growth of tissue in the mouth could be a sign of oral cancer. Almost 100% did not think that the presence of a red lesion, white lesion, or limitation of mouth opening could be signs of cancer or precancer. Only 16% thought that oral cancer is preventable.
Conclusion Awareness about oral cancer and precancer is inadequate among the Narikuravar population of Pondicherry. Majority of the population is not aware of the risks, signs, or treatment options of oral precancer and cancer. The National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS) identified the people’s knowledge gaps, and improving awareness is one of the strategies of the program.
SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Response among Women Infected during Pregnancy
Authors: Buckley Ayisha , Mills Ariana , Paul Keisha , Raymond Samantha , Mendu Damondara R. , DeBolt Chelsea , Rosenberg Mitchell , Wajnberg Ania , Szeto Libby , Cochrane Elizabeth , Vieira Luciana , Berkin Jill , Ferrera Lauren , Stone Joanne , Bianco Angela 
Published: November 2021

Objectives Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization as of March 11, 2020. Pregnant women naturally have a reduced immune system due to immunological changes and decreased lung capacity due to respiratory adaptations, making them more susceptible to coronavirus complications. Within the Mount Sinai Health system, more than 15,000 deliveries are performed annually. We began to care for pregnant women with known COVID-19 infections in late March of 2020. In early April 2020, a policy was implemented to perform universal COVID-19 testing for all women planning to deliver within the Mount Sinai Health system. We examined the antibody response of postpartum women who delivered at Mount Sinai Hospital with a SARS-CoV-2 infection between the study intervals during March 15, 2020, through April 30, 2020.
Study Design This was a prospective observational study examining the immune response of pregnant women who delivered at Mount Sinai Hospital with a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Women with a SARS-CoV-2 infection were contacted via phone to discuss participation in the study. Patients who consented were scheduled for a phlebotomy visit to assess their antibody titer levels to COVID-19. The COVID-19 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) immunoglobulin (Ig)-G antibody test was used to evaluate the patients' antibody titers. The assay detects IgG antibodies for the detection of IgG seroconversion in patients following a known recent SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Results A total of 120 patients were identified with a documented SARS-CoV-2 infection who delivered within the prespecified time frame. Of those patients, 25 women agreed to participate and were included. Of them, 64.00% were Caucasian with a mean age of 35 years. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 30 kg/m2 and the majority of patients had commercial insurance (88.00%). The majority of women were asymptomatic for COVID-19 at the time of admission (80.00%) and the average gestational age of delivery and diagnosis of COVID-19 was 39 weeks' gestation. The later the gestational age at the time of diagnosis, the lower the antibody titer response. When examining the interval from diagnosis to antibody titer analysis, patients with the highest titers (2,880) tended to have a shorter interval between their COVID-19 diagnosis and the time at which the titer level was drawn. Patients with symptoms on admission had similar antibody titer levels when compared with women who were asymptomatic.
Conclusion The antibody response among women infected with COVID-19 during pregnancy appears to be greater when the patients are diagnosed at an earlier gestational age.
Key Points
The Dynamics and Role of Gender in High-Value Avocado Farming in Kenya
Authors: Muriithi Beatrice , Kabubo-Mariara Jane 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe used two-wave panel data obtained from avocado growers in Murang’a County in Kenya to examine, through the perspective of gender, the dynamics of farmers’ participation in avocado production and marketing organizations (PMOs), and test whether understanding group dynamics is important for analyzing contract farming. Using a multinomial logit (MNL) model, we identify the characteristics of men and women participating in PMOs categorized as early adopters, dis-adopters, late adopters, and non-adopters. We focus on dis-adopters and late adopters because these categories are most often ignored in the literature. Moreover, without considering the dynamics, we verify the influencing factors of PMOs by estimating a random-effects logit model that controls for unobserved heterogeneity across households. Furthermore, we estimate a sequential-choice model to test whether the process of selection into group membership affects the process of selection into contracting. Our results reveal heterogeneity with regard to household, farm, and resource characteristics across categories of farmers and between gender groups. Besides, the results reveal that group and contracting dynamics are related, and ignoring the former leads to biased estimates of the determinants of contracting dynamics. Policy efforts should focus on supporting women farmers to enhance their participation in PMOs, which ultimately affects contracting. Improving access to high-yielding avocado varieties and building capacity in orchard management would enhance women’s decision-making including group participation, contracting, and marketing. Low-cost agricultural credit may also improve women’s ownership of improved avocado trees and hence their participation in high-value markets.
‘The company will fire you because you are too expensive’: a photo-ethnography of health care rights among Filipino migrant seafarers
Authors: Guillot-Wright Shannon 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWith fatal injuries six times the rate of all US occupations, people who live and work at sea are part of one of the most dangerous occupations. Few ships have health care workers aboard despite many seafarers being at sea for months. While seafarers are guaranteed a right to health care through maritime labor laws and conventions, it is unclear whether or how they access these rights. Therefore, photo-ethnography was used to examine what health care access means for seafarers through the lens of structural violence. The study site was the vessel the seafarers worked and lived on, which docked in the Gulf of Mexico once-a-week, flies a flag of convenience, and travels in international waters. The photo-ethnography was implemented over a one-year period and included male Filipino seafarers who worked 9-month contracts at sea. The historical, structural, and political-economic production of injury, illness, and death were questioned to understand why migrant seafarers do not have de facto access to their de jure health rights. In this way, health prevention was analyzed through the discourse of power distribution instead of risk and disease. Results from the project reveal that seafarers routinely underreport adverse work and health conditions for fear of losing future work contracts. Adverse work experiences included dangerous vessels and routes as well as being encouraged to work with little sleep or through storms. Adverse health issues included severe to moderate injury and illness, which they concealed from management. Ultimately, it was revealed that political-economic systems are internalized and embodied among migrant workers who are employed under short-term contracts, leading to decreased healthcare-seeking behaviors and increased health disparities.
Design and test of a compact beam current monitor based on a passive RF cavity for a proton therapy linear accelerator
Authors: Cardelli F. , Ampollini A. , Bazzano G. , Nenzi P. , Piersanti L. , Ronsivalle C. , Picardi L. 
Published: November 2021

In a medical accelerator, real-time monitoring systems of the beam and dose delivered to the patient are mandatory. In this work, we present a compact current profile detector that has been designed and tested in the framework of the TOP-IMPLART (Intensity Modulated Proton Linear Accelerator for RadioTerapy) project. This project foresees the realization of a proton linear accelerator, currently under construction at ENEA Frascati, for proton therapy applications. The linac produces a pulsed proton beam with 3 µs duration at 50 Hz repetition rate with a pulse current between 0.5 and 50 μA. A large dynamic range and spatial constraints make the use of usual noninterceptive beam diagnostics unfeasible. Therefore, the use of a beam current monitor based on a passive RF cavity working in the TM010 mode has been proposed. This paper reports the electromagnetic design of the device guided by a simplified analytical model. A prototype of such a device has been realized, characterized, and tested on the linac with a 35 MeV beam varying the beam current. The test results in air and in vacuum, together with the signal detection systems used, are presented.
Linked supergenes underlie split sex ratio and social organization in an ant
Authors: Lagunas-Robles German , Purcell Jessica , Brelsford Alan 
Published: November 2021

Significance
Some social insects exhibit split sex ratios, wherein a subset of colonies produce future queens and others produce males. This phenomenon spawned many influential theoretical studies and empirical tests, both of which have advanced our understanding of parent–offspring conflicts and the maintenance of cooperative breeding. However, previous studies assumed that split sex ratio was not under genetic control. Here, we show that split sex ratio is associated with a large genomic region in two ant species. The discovery that sex allocation can have a genetic basis provides an additional perspective on this well-studied trait of social insects.
Taylor’s law of fluctuation scaling for semivariances and higher moments of heavy-tailed data
Authors: Brown Mark , Cohen Joel E. , Tang Chuan-Fa , Yam Sheung Chi Phillip 
Published: November 2021

SignificanceMany quantities are extremely large extremely rarely. Examples include income, wealth, financial returns, insurance losses, firm size, and city population size; earthquake magnitude, hurricane energy, tornado outbreaks, precipitation, and flooding; and pest outbreaks, infectious epidemics, and forest fires. When such a quantity is modeled as a nonnegative random variable with a heavy upper tail, the probability of an observation larger than some threshold falls as a small power (the “tail index”) of the threshold. When the tail index is small enough, the mean and all higher moments of the random quantity are infinite. Surprisingly, the sample mean and the sample higher moments obey orderly scaling laws, which we prove and apply to estimating the tail index.
Trading bits in the readout from a genetic network
Authors: Bauer Marianne , Petkova Mariela D. , Gregor Thomas , Wieschaus Eric F. , Bialek William 
Published: November 2021

Significance
Many cellular processes depend on a quantitative response to the concentration of transcription factor molecules. A plethora of different mechanisms contribute to this concentration sensing: Multiple enhancers with a combination of binding sites regulate genes together based on spatially heterogeneous transcription factors. Using the early fly embryo as an example, we investigate abstract sensors with limited capacity due to noise and optimize so that the sensors capture as much information as possible about a cell’s position in the embryo. The resulting optimal sensors have important features in common with the known mechanisms of enhancer function.
The predictors of exam performance of Kazakh university students and secondary school pupils learning Turkish
Authors: Dewaele Jean-Marc 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The present study investigates the effect of sociobiographical, emotional, attitudinal characteristics and teacher perceptions of 275 Kazakh secondary school pupils and 317 university students on their exam performance in Turkish as a foreign language (FL). Multiple regression analyses reveal that exam results in Turkish of secondary school pupils are predicted by teacher gender, participant’s age, attitude towards the FL and FL Classroom Anxiety. A very different picture emerges for university students, where FL level, participant’s gender, FL Enjoyment, FL Classroom Anxiety and teacher’s age explain more than twice as much variance. FL exam scores for both groups are thus underpinned by different sets of complex interactions between multiple learner-internal and learner-external variables and the effect of emotions is much stronger among university learners.
The burden of injuries according to maturity status and timing: A two‐decade study with 110 growth curves in an elite football academy
Authors: Monasterio Xabier , Gil Susana M. , Bidaurrazaga‐Letona Iraia , Lekue Jose A. , Santisteban Juan M. , Diaz‐Beitia Gontzal , Lee Dae‐Jin , Zumeta‐Olaskoaga Lore , Martin‐Garetxana Imanol , Bikandi Eder , Larruskain Jon 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTInjuries have a negative impact on the development of football players. Maturation is a potential risk factor for football injuries but available data on this topic provide limited evidence due to methodological shortcomings. The aim of this study was to describe the injury burden of male academy football players according to growth curve‐derived maturity status and timing. Injury and growth data were collected from 2000 to 2020. Longitudinal height records for 110 individual players were fitted with the Super‐Imposition by Translation and Rotation model to estimate age at peak height velocity (PHV). Players were clustered according to maturity status (pre‐, circa‐, post‐PHV, or adults) and timing (early, on‐time, late maturers). Overall and specific injury burdens (days lost/player‐season) and rate ratios for comparisons between groups were calculated. Overall injury burden increased with advanced maturity status; pre‐PHV players had 3.2‐, 3.7‐, and 5.5‐times lower burden compared with circa‐PHV, post‐PHV, and adult players, respectively. Growth‐related injuries were more burdensome circa‐PHV, while muscle and joint/ligament injuries had a higher impact post‐PHV and in adults. Further, in the pre‐PHV period, late maturers showed lower burden of overall, growth‐related, anterior inferior iliac spine osteochondrosis, and knee joint/ligament injuries compared with on‐time maturers. In adult players, however, injuries were less burdensome for early maturers than on‐time and late maturers. In addition, joint/ligament injuries of adult late maturers were 4.5‐times more burdensome than those of early maturers. Therefore, monitoring maturity seems crucial to define each player's maturation profile and facilitate design of targeted injury prevention programmes.Highlights
Injury burden is significantly lower in football players at pre‐peak height velocity (PHV). Growth‐related injuries are most burdensome circa‐PHV, while muscle and joint/ligament injuries are more burdensome post‐PHV and especially in adults.
Before PHV, growth‐related and knee joint/ligament injuries have lower burden in players who mature late than those who mature on‐time. Adult late maturers have greater burden of overall and joint/ligament injuries than early maturers.
Football academies should regularly assess the maturity status and timing of young football players, as the impact of injuries varies with maturation status and timing.
Management of the maturity‐related injury risk profile, in combination with other relevant factors (training load, neuromuscular and biomechanical factors, physiotherapy, coaching, communication, psychosocial factors …), might help improve the success of player development programmes and protect the health of young football players.
Use of Pulsed Electric Field for the Inactivation of Eupenicillium Javanicum Ascospores in Pineapple Juice
Authors: Evelyn  , Chairul  , Komalasari  , Pebrianti E , Vazirani W 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Heat resistant molds are principle spoilage agents in foods and beverages with low acidity. The main objective of this work was to investigate the effect of 65 kV/cm PEF on the log reductions of Eupenicillium javanicum ascospores in 10–30°Brix pineapple juice as well as the modelling. Then, the first-order and Weibull parameters of the 65 kV/cm PEF inactivation of E. javanicum ascospores was estimated and compared. Further, the effect of PEF in combination with ultraviolet (UV) light treatment on the log reductions of E. javanicum ascospores was studied. Decreasing the soluble solid content of the juice from 30 to 10°Brix for 11.3 pulses increased the spore inactivation in pineapple juice by 2.7 log. A pulse number of 16 would be required by the 65 kV/cm PEF to achieve a 5-log reduction in juice. The Weibull model described spore inactivation by pulsed electric field. The estimated b-values for the 65 kV/cm PEF were 0.673 at 10°Brix, 0.041 at 20°Brix and 0.010 at 30°Brix, with n-values between 0.73 and 2.08. Although the combination of the PEF and UV light resulted in a slightly greater microbial inactivation, however two hurdles were not suggested. The results of this study confirmed the advantage of PEF technology for the inactivation of E. javanicum ascospores in pineapple juice.
Potential of Bacillus cereus SN7 as a Single Cell Protein Source
Authors: Feliatra F , Mardalisa M , Mukti P R , Feliatra V A , Effendi I 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Single-cell protein (SCP) is a protein source produced from single-cell organisms, one of which is bacteria. Bacillus cereus SN7 is a potential isolate from a group of heterotrophic bacteria that has been isolated from the mouth of the Siak River, Riau Province, Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the potential of B. cereus SN7 bacteria using different growth media. The method used is an experimental method using Bacillus cereus SN7 bacterial isolate with different protein sources (eggs and skim milk) at different concentrations (8%, 10%, and 12%). All of treatments used the same carbohydrate source, Sago with 3 replications in each treatment. Measurement of bacterial culture growth was carried out every 6 hours, 12 hours, 18 hours and 24 hours based on the total plate count (TPC) method and bacterial cell biomass. The result show that the most optimal growth potential for Bacillus cereus SN7 bacteria is sago media added with 12% egg white as a protein source. This data have the same results as growth in commercial culture media (control). The growth of Bacillus cereus SN7 isolates in each treatment medium had almost the same growth pattern at the beginning, which experienced an exponential phase at 6 to 12 hours of incubation time. Meanwhile, in milk sago media, the average growth was not very good because the exponential and stationary phases were shorter.
Decolorization Assay of the Anthraquinone Dye Acid Blue 25 by Trichoderma asperellum LBKURCC1 Crude Laccase Extracts
Authors: Ifriadi Raja , Miranti  , Nurulita Yuana , Dahliaty Andi , Yanti  , Nugroho Titania T 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
One major concern of the textile industry waste is the health hazard imposed by textile dye waste effluents. Anthraquinone dyes are the second largest group of dyes produced and used annually worldwide, that is difficult to degrade naturally. Biological methods using enzymes for waste treatment is gaining popularity due to its eco-friendliness. Laccase is an enzyme with potential to degrade textile dyes, due to its wide ability to oxidize a wide range of substrates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of T. asperellum LBKURCC1 laccase crude extract to decolorize the anthraquinone anionic dye Acid Blue 25 (AB25). A solution of 50 ppm AB25, pH 5.5, was treated with T. asperellum LBKURCC1 laccase crude extract and incubated at room temperature. Absorbance of the solution at 603 nm was measured daily and compared to buffer and heat denatured enzyme controls. No decolorization of AB25 was observed up to 6 days incubation in the enzyme treated samples, as well as the controls. Addition of 0.1 to 5 mM of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (HBT) to the decolorization assay did not succeed in mediating the redox reaction of AB25 oxidation by the T. asperellum LBKURCC1 laccase.
Operating Mode Effect on Lipids Production from Rhodotorula mucilaginosa: Modelling and Simulation Trends
Authors: Cardozo L , Duran K , Gelves G 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A sustainable alternative for fossil fuels substitution is the production of biodiesel from natural lipids. Mainly, such oil used is in the form of triglycerides and is characterized by being potentially renewable, non-toxic, and biodegradable, thus making it a sustainable product. For producing such biofuel, yeast oil is one of the most viable and currently known options, obtaining theoretically optimal results. In this article, kinetic parameters from the oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa will simulate lipid accumulation capacity based on different bioreactor operating modes. Likewise, The Matlab software is used to simulate batch and continuous operating modes to establish comparisons between the productions obtained and their respective yields. The results obtained for the batch mode were: 14 g/L for the growth of biomass and an estimate of 0.22 g/g for lipid production. Likewise, for the continuous mode, its results were: 19 g/L for biomass growth and a value of 0.30 g/g in lipid production. The simulated results in continuous mode would demonstrate the effectiveness of its implementation since a more significant lipid accumulation is reached.
The 3rd International Scientific and Practical Conference on Mathematical Modeling, Programming and Applied Mathematics (Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Russian Federation)
Authors: Eminov S I 
Published: November 2021

At the Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University on September 6-7, 2021, the International Scientific and Practical Conference "Mathematical Modeling, Programming, and Applied Mathematics" was held for the third time. Major scientists from Moscow and St. Petersburg, Kazan and Stavropol, Tver and Donetsk as well as other cities submitted their applications and articles.
List of International Program Committee, Organizing Committee, Editorial Committee, Organizing Institution are available in this pdf.