bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidémiologie générale du diabète de type 1 chez l’enfant: Le registre de la wilaya d’Oran 1973-2017
Authors: Mahmoud  Touhami  , Bouchetara Assia , Zennaki Amel , Naceur Malika , Aoui Asma , Gharnouti Mounia , Latroch Charef , Bouziane Nedjadi Karim 
Published: May 2021

Introduction - Le diabète chez l’enfant subit une mutation profonde en termes de fréquence et de recul de l’âge de début depuis une vingtaine d’années au niveau mondial. L’Algérie est particulièrement impactée par l’épidémie au point de figurer depuis 2016 dans le ‘top 10’ des pays à très forte incidence de diabète de type 1 (DT1). Notre étude a pour but de présenter l’évolution épidémiologique du DT1 de l’enfant à travers le registre de la wilaya d’Oran. Matériels et méthodes - La population de référence est celle de la wilaya d’Oran. Les nouveaux cas de DT1 proviennent des unités de première ligne et des services de pédiatrie. L’enregistrement était centralisé au niveau du service de pédiatrie «C» du CHU d’Oran depuis 1973 avec une exhaustivité proche de 100%. Résultats - Du 1er janvier 1973 au 31 décembre 2017, 2358 nouveaux cas de DT1 de moins de 15 ans au diagnostic du DT1 ont été enregistrés. L’incidence annuelle moyenne des moins de 15 ans des cinq dernières années 2013-2017 s’établit à 31,12± 3,60 cas pour 100 000 avec une évolution annuelle moyenne de 12,78% sur les 25 dernières années. Les évolutions annuelles moyennes des classes d’âge pédiatriques de [0-4], [5-9] ans et [10-14] ans sont de 15,03, 15,50 et de 9,10%, respectivement. L’incidence pour 1000 naissances vivantes des années 1998-2002 montre un risque de contracter un DT1 dans les 15 premières années de vie de 3,5 p. 1000. La prévalence était de 207 pour 100.000, soit 1 DT1 pour 482 enfants de moins de 15 ans, au 31 décembre 2017. Le sex-ratio s’établit à 0,99 pour l’ensemble des cas, mais subit des variations cycliques significatives avec des extrêmes de 0,80 et 1,14 (p=0,02). La saisonnalité hiver/été, significative de 1973 à 2014 en faveur des mois d’hiver, ne l’est plus à partir de 2015.
Conclusion - L’augmentation persistante de l’incidence et le rajeunissement marqué de l’âge d’apparition du DT1 de l’enfant de la wilaya d’Oran sont une réalité depuis une vingtaine d’années. Cette évolution, liée essentiellement à l’environnement, ne va pas sans poser de nouvelles difficultés aux familles et aux équipes en charge.
Lidar vertical observation network and data assimilation reveal key processes driving the 3-D dynamic evolution of PM2.5 concentrations over the North China Plain
Authors: Xiang Yan , Zhang Tianshu , Ma Chaoqun , Lv Lihui , Liu Jianguo , Liu Wenqing , Cheng Yafang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract. China has made great efforts to monitor and control air pollution
in the past decade. Comprehensive characterization and understanding of
pollutants in three-dimensions are, however, still lacking. Here, we
used data from an observation network consisting of 13 aerosol lidars and
more than 1000 ground observation stations combined with a data
assimilation technique to conduct a comprehensive analysis of extreme
heavy aerosol pollution (HAP) over the North China Plain (NCP) from
November–December 2017. During the studied period, the maximum hourly mass
concentration of surface PM2.5 reached ∼390 µg m−3. After assimilation, the correlation between model results and the independent observation sub-dataset was ∼50 % higher than that without the assimilation, and the root mean square error was reduced by ∼40 %. From pollution development to dissipation, we divided the HAP in the NCP (especially in Beijing) into four phases: an early phase (EP), a transport phase (TP), an accumulation phase (AP), and a removal phase (RP). We then analyzed the evolutionary characteristics of PM2.5 concentration during different phases on the surface and in 3-D space. We found that the particles were mainly transported from south to north at a height of 1–2 km (during EP and
RP) and near the surface (during TP and AP). The amounts of PM2.5
advected into Beijing with the maximum transport flux intensity (TFI) were
through the pathways in the relative order of the southwest > southeast > east pathways. The dissipation of PM2.5 in the RP stage (with negative TFI) was mainly from north to south with an average transport height of ∼1 km above the surface. Our results quantified the multi-dimensional distribution and evolution of PM2.5 concentration over the NCP, which may help policymakers develop efficient air pollution control strategies.
Sistem Informasi Arsip Surat Pada SMA Negeri 2 Sukoharjo Menggunakan Framework Codeigniter
Authors: Melliana Astrin Indah , Nurgiyatna Nurgiyatna 
Published: May 2021

Surat merupakan salah satu sarana komunikasi penting yang digunakan oleh SMA Negeri 2 Sukoharjo sebagai penyedia informasi. Pada SMA Negeri 2 Sukoharjo, pengelolaan surat belum dilakukan secara komputerisasi. Proses tersebut akan mengalami kendala seperti kesulitan mencari surat sewaktu-waktu, hilangnya surat dan membutuhkan penyimpanan besar. Adapun tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini yakni membangun sebuah sistem informasi arsip berbasis website menggunakan framework codeigniter. Metode penelitian yang diterapkan meliputi observasi dan wawancara. Metode pengembangan yang digunakan yaitu model waterfall yang memiliki tahapan secara sistematis berurutan dimulai dari analisis kebutuhan hingga perawatan sistem. Penelitian ini menghasilkan beberapa bagian menu untuk menambah data surat, mengubah data surat, mengunggah dokumentasi surat, melakukan pencarian surat dan mencetak laporan yang memudahkan pengelola dalam aktivitas surat-menyurat. Dalam pengujian sistem, penulis menggunakan black box testing dan SUS (System Usability Scale) dengan hasil nilai rata-rata yang diperoleh 83,5. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa sistem informasi ini memiliki nilai usability acceptable dan dapat diterapkan pada SMA Negeri 2 Sukoharjo.
¿Por qué pensar la resiliencia a la luz de la antropología evolutiva?
Authors: Castaño Mosquera Jesús Mauricio , Lasprilla Burbano Julián Andrés 
Published: May 2021

Este artículo se elaboró a partir de la ponencia realizada en el Primer Congreso de Psicología Unicatólica: “La psicología en las ciencias sociales y humanas”, producto del trabajo de investigación vinculado al proyecto Antropología evolutiva, resiliencia y empatía, patrocinado por la dirección de investigaciones de la Fundación Universitaria Católica Lumen Gentium (septiembre 2017-2018).

Abstract This article was written from the conference given at the Primer Congreso de Psicología Unicatólica: “La psicología en las ciencias sociales y humanas” (Psychology in Social and Human Sciences), product of the research project Antropología evolutiva, resiliencia y empatía (Evolutionary anthropology, resilience and empathy), granted by the research direction of the Fundación Universitaria Católica Lumen Gentium (September 2017-2018).
ELECTRONIC NURSING PROCESS PROGRAM IN NURSING CARE PLANNING: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: GÜNAY İSMAİLOĞLU Elif , ŞAHAN Seda , YILMAZ Kemal , TİMUÇİN Serkan , TAŞKIN Oğuzhan 
Published: May 2021

Technological approaches are used to eliminate problems that prevent the nursing process to be used more effectively in healthcare areas. Preparing the nursing process on electronic media is among these technological approaches.
This study aimed to provide a systematic review on studies that reveal the effect of the electronic nursing process on nursing care planning and contribute to the relevant literature. Studies conducted between 2005 and 2020 were reviewed using the following keywords and their combinations; “web-based nursing process,” “nursing process,” “electronic nursing process,” “nursing documentation system,” and “mobile application for nursing process.” The PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus and Ovid databases were used for the literature review. In four of eight studies included in this review, nursing students were asked to prepare the care plan in line with the electronic nursing process while nurses were asked to do the same thing in the remaining four studies. The results show that the electronic nursing process program may increase the students’ and nurses’ ability and competence to prepare the care plan and reduce their stress and anxiety levels in clinic work practices. It is seen that nurses mostly have positive feedbacks about the electronic nursing process program. The electronic nursing process program is effective both in improving the participants’ knowledge and skill performances and increasing their competence in planning nursing care. Additionally, the participants are highly satisfied with the system. An electronic nursing process program has positive contributions to the quality of nursing care. It was seen that students who used electronically supported practice had better NP preparation skills in comparison to those who used conventional practices.
Xây dựng tiêu chuẩn đánh giá hình thái cho nữ vận động viên đội tuyển đá cầu tỉnh Đồng Tháp
Authors: Phạm Việt Thanh , Tiêu Thanh Sang 
Published: May 2021

Nghiên cứu sử dụng những phương pháp thường quy trong thể dục thể thao xác định được 6 tiêu chí đảm bảo độ tin cậy và tính thông báo, qua đó xây dựng tiêu chuẩn đánh giá hình thái cho nữ vận động viên đội tuyển đá cầu tỉnh Đồng Tháp gồm thang điểm C, tiêu chuẩn phân loại và phân loại tổng hợp. Kết quả ứng dụng tiêu chuẩn đánh giá có 11,11% vận động viên xếp loại khá, 44,44% xếp loại trung bình, 33,33% xếp loại yếu và 11,11% xếp loại kém.
Comparison between Rafidhiya and Shuaiba Domes within the properties of Mishrif Formation in Zubair Field; the implication of structural Geology and petrophysical analyses
Authors: Lazim Aymen Adil , Dawood Hussain Sakban 
Published: May 2021

The current study combined both concepts of structural geology and petrophysical to understand the structural feature of Mishrif Formation and its implication on the petrophysical characterization of the formation in Shuaiba and Rafidhiya Domes (or culminations) in Zubair Field. Shuaiba and Rafidhiya are adjacent domes and these domes belong to the same Field but the domes separated by saddle may related to Basra – Zubair basement fault.
The domes have different petrophysical properties of Mishrif Formation; consequently, influenced in water and oil saturation. Therefore, the study tries to understand the structural and petrophysical position of Mishrif Formation of the domes. The structural analysis included geometric and genetic analysis, whereas petrophysical analysis used open hole logs interpretation to determine the petrophysical characteristics (especially the distribution of porosity, permeability, and water saturation.
It was concluded that may a variation in porosity and permeability of Mishrif Formation for Shuaiba and Rafidhiya domes because each dome was formed by a different folding mechanism effected on the petrophysical properties. The structural geology analysis detects that may be Shuaiba dome formed by bending fold mechanism (vertical force of salt structure), while Rafidhiya dome by buckling fold mechanism (parallel force of collision of Arabian and Eurasian plate). These mechanisms may directly be affected in permeability distribution, and consequently on oil and water saturation of Mishrif Formation. Thus, Shuaiba Dome has thinning in hinge area and extensional force leads to create fractures and karst phenomena, and as a result, high permeability in upper Mishrif. On the contrary, Rafidhiya Dome has a thickening feature and there is no indication of karst phenomena and low permeability. Therefore, the Mishrif of Shuaiba dome permeable and oil-saturated, while, it flooded with water in Rafidhiya Dome. The disconnection in reservoir pressure confirmed by difference in initial reservoir pressure of Mishrif Formation of Shuaiba Dome and recent reservoir pressure of Mishrif Formation of Rafidhiya Dome
Abandonment of an Iraqi Well, justifications and feasibility study
Authors: Alwan Dr. Kareem A. , AlAttaby Hayder A. 
Published: May 2021

At the beginning of petroleum industry evolving the regulation did not focus on environmental issues, it was, mainly, looking to natural resources (oil and gas) production and protection. By the time, environmental and safety implications started to be the highest priority, as a result of undesirable impact of oil operations on plant. Huge numbers of dry wells were abandoned according to environmental regulations to prevent side effects which involved contamination of shallow water aquifers, surface seepage of hydrocarbon (whether oil or gas) or salty water, potential hazardous of explosion or soil contaminations, and water contamination at offshore unplugged wells. Based on the hazards above, the main objectives of plugging and abandonment operations is to achieve isolation and protection of all fresh and near fresh water zones, and all future commercial zones, as well as prevent leaks in perpetuity from or into the well and remove surface equipment and cut pipe to a mandated level below the surface.
In this paper, an Iraqi oil well was studied as a case study of abandonment processes. The well represents a danger to people, environment and subsurface fresh water; due to unusual raised pressure in different annuluses and copious surface leak from wellhead components while production. Worthily to say that, it is seldom in Iraq to abandon the wells in current time, according to good reservoirs situation. The reasons and justifications of this well plugging, depending on economic analysis and investigation were studied, and explained, according to international practices and procedures of such treatments. The workover option is most economic option, but it was eliminated due to failure in ensuring the well safety and severe environmental impact which expected. According to investigation, pressure and laboratory tests were revealed that P&A is mandatory for this well as soon as possible.
Study and Determination of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor with Some Trace Elements in Fuel Filling Station Workers
Authors: Twaij Bassem Abd Al-Raheem , Mashkour Dr. Muthana Salam , Al-Hakeim Dr.Hussein Kadhem 
Published: May 2021

PollutiOn is the intrOduction Of contaminantsʹ intO the natural envirOnment that cause adverseʹ change. Gasoline is a toxic and highly flammable liquid consists of various types of aliphatic hydrocarbons, olefins, benzenes and aromatic hydrocarbons including toluene, xylene and a large number of volatile compounds in addition to tetraethyl lead. Gasoline consists of different types of aliphatic hydrocarbons, aryl compounds and some trace elements. Trace elements are several important roles in human bodies, some are essential for enzymes reactions where they attract and facilitate conversion of substrate molecules to specific end products. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a receptor involved in the regulation of biological responses to planar aromatic hydrocarbons.
The aim of the present study is to compare the serum AHR level in the fuel station workers (FSW) with the non-workers as a control group. The other aim is to find out a possible correlation between AHR with trace elements.
Sixty male FSW and 30 controls, from ten fuel stations at Al-Najaf City-Iraq, were participated in the present study. The AHR level in serum was measured using ELISA technique. Determine the following metal ions Zn2+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+ level in filling station workers (FSW) and control group were measured spectrophotometrically by using ready for use kits. Serum Pb level was carried out using Atomic absorption spectroscopy.
The results serum concentration of AHR in FSW group revealed a significant increase (p<0.001) as compared with the control group. No significant difference was noticed in AHR as compered in exposure ≥12years with exposure <12years in FWS. Smoking has no significant correlation with other parameters. Correlation study indicated a correlation between AHR and Age. Serum concentration of Cu2+, Zn2+, K+ and Pb in FSW group revealed a significant increase (p<0.001) as compared with the control group. While Fe3+, Na+ and Mg2+ in FSW group revealed a significant decrease (p<0.001) as compared with the control group. Correlation study indicated a significant negative correlation between serum Pb and AHR while other trace elements showed no significant correlation with AHR in FSW group. There is a significant negative correlation between serum Cu2+ with age while there is significant increase correlation between Zn2+, Mg2+ and Pb with age in FWS group.
Conclusion of study is The role of increase AHR on the health in FSW group, attention to use safety gloves and face mask is recommended for FSW and a long follow-up to the studied group is necessary to explore the prognosis of increase AHR in FSW.
الأهمية الاقتصادية لنقل النفط في دول منظمة الأوبك مع إشارة خاصة إلى شركة ناقلات النفط العراقية
Authors: الجزائري حسين حيدر محمد 
Published: May 2021

يعد كل من النفط الخام والمنتجات النفطية المكررة والغاز الأهم والأبرز من حيث القيمة والكمية في النقل البحري إذ يتم نقل أنواع متعددة من النفط الخام والمنتجات البترولية والكيمياوية على ظهر الناقلات التي صممت خصيصاً لهذا الغرض، وقد شهدت أسواق الناقلات تطورات عدة في هذا المجال، لذلك أصبح لزاماً على الدول المنتجة والمصدرة للنفط مواكبتها لتتمكن من النفاذ والثبات في الاسواق العالمية لنقل النفط، فقد استطاعت بعض دول الأوبك مثل الكويت والسعودية مواكبة التطورات الحاصلة في النقل البحري للنفط إذ قامتا بتنويع ناقلاتها وزيادة أعدادها بهدف تكامل الصناعة النفطية لديها كونها تعد من البلدان المنتجة والمصدرة للنفط ذات الأهمية الكبيرة في اسواق النفط العالمية، لاسيما المملكة العربية السعودية التي تعد أكبر منتج للنفط في منظمة الأوبك وذات اسطول مكون من (46) ناقلة نفط عملاقة، وفي ضوء ذلك لازال العراق يخطو بخطوات بطيئة جداً في ملاحقة تلك التطورات ،إذ لازالت شركة ناقلات النفط العراقية تمتلك (4) ناقلات صغيرة الحجم مجموع حمولاتها (53) ألف طن ساكن، رغم أن العراق يعد ثاني أكبر منتج للنفط ضمن دول الأوبك وحري به أن يمتلك أسطولاً متنوعاً من الناقلات ومنافساً قوياً في أسواق نقل النفط العالمية.
Gas Lift Performance of Some Horizontal Wells in Ahdeb Oil Field
Authors: Alwan Dr. Kareem A. , Abdulameer Dr. Maha R. , Falih Mohammed 
Published: May 2021

Ahdeb is one of the Iraqi oil fields, its crude characterized by medium API (22.5-28.9) and highly reservoir pressure depletion from Khasib formation due to lack of water drive. This makes it difficult to produce economic oil rates. Therefore, many water injection wells were drilled by the operators to maintain the reservoir pressure during production. In addition to that, electrical submersible pumps (ESP) were used in some productive wells. This study suggests exploitation of gas associated with oil production to be recycled to lift oil as a substitute for the ESP .The work in this study includes using PIPSIM software to build a model of four studied productive wells (AD1-11-2H, AD2-15-2H, AD4-13-3H, A4-19-1H) after choosing the suited correlation for each well. According to the statistical results, Mukherjee & Brill correlation is the best option for all wells.
The use of PIPESIM software include determining artificial lift performance to determine the optimum amount of gas injected, optimum injection pressure as well as the optimum injection depth and knowing the impact of these factors on production, as well as the determination of the optimal injection conditions when water cut changes. According to the current circumstances of the wells, the depth optimized for injection is the maximum allowable depth of injection which is deeper than the packer by 100 ft and the amount of injection gas is (1.5, 1, 1, and 1) MMscf/day for wells (AD2-11-2H, AD2-15-2H, AD4-13-3H, and AD4-19-2H) sequentially and injection pressure (2050, 2050, 2050, and 2000) psi for wells (AD2-11-2H, AD2-15-2H, AD4-13-3H, and AD4-19-2H) sequentially.
Inhibition of biogenic hydrogen sulfide produce by Sulfate Reducing Bacteria isolated from oil fields in Basra by nitrate based treatment
Authors: Al-Tamimi Wijdan H. , Mehdi Kawther H. 
Published: May 2021

The present study included using of Bio Competitive Exclusion BCX technology in treatment of biogenic production of hydrogen sulfide H2S by Sulfate Reducing Bacteria SRB in batch cultures, injection of nitrate and nitrite promotes the growth of Nitrate Reducing Bacteria NRB which outcompete the Sulfate Reducing Bacteria SRB on carbon sources. Mix cultures of SRB and NRB were isolated from produce water of oil production facilities in Iraq including Nahran Omer and Al lahis oil fields. The activity of NRB and SRB were determined by measured the concentration of nitrate, nitrite and sulfide by using spectrophotometer and bacterial counts in three tube MPN technique. The results showed that NRB had a certain inhibitory effect on the growth of SRB and sulfide production under adding NRB nutrient nitrate and nitrite at all concentrations 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 mg/l, activity of NRB increased after treatment, all nitrate and nitrite consumption during 2 - 3 days of incubation. The highest inhibition of H2S production was at concentration 1000 mg/l of nitrate where the results showed that there was significant decrease in sulfide level and number of bacteria 34 mg/l and 34.8 cell/ ml respectively after 10 days of treatment.
طرق إزالة الترسبات القيرية في الخزانات ذات السطح العائم
Authors: مجيد عدنان ياسر 
Published: May 2021

تعرض عدد من الخزانات ذات السطح العائم في المستودعات النفطية في شركة نفط الجنوب الى التآكل وعند فتحها لإغراض الصيانة لوحظ وجود كميات كبيرة من الترسبات الاسفلتية في قعر الخزان يصل ارتفاع بعضها الى اكثر من متر في خزانات ذات اقطار كبيرة تصل الى 80 مترا مما يستلزم البحث عن اسباب تكون تلك الترسبات ودراسة طرق منع تكونها وإزالتها ومن خلال البحث تبين ان سبب تكونها يرجع الى وجود مواد اسفلتية وبارافينات وشمع من ضمن مكونات النفط والتي تتجمع بالترسيب بسبب ضعف اداء منظومات اثارة الترسبات في الخزانات مما حدى الى اقتراح طرق لمنع تكون تلك الترسبات وإيجاد افضل المذيبات المتوفرة في الصناعة النفطية من خلال بعض التجارب المقترحة والمناسبة لطبيعة الترسبات الموجودة ليتم التعامل من خلالها مع تلك الترسبات لأزالتها.
تصميم منظومة رفع صناعي باستخدام المضخات الغاطسة لأعادة ابار الرميلة الشمالية/المكمن الرئيسي المتوقفة عن العمل للأنتاج
Authors: احمد ضياء نعيم 
Published: May 2021

بينت نتائج تصميم مضخة غاطسة كهربائية في البئر رش/25 المنتج من المكمن الرئيسي/حقل الرميلة الشمالي المتوقف عن الجريان أمكانية أعادة البئر للأنتاج بمعدلات أنتاج للنفط (3250 -900 ) برميل /يوم وحسب قيمة قاطع الماء المصاحب المنتج مع النفط ( 35% - 80% ) .
امكانية استخدام المضخة Centrilift GC-8200- 5.13" في الوضع الحالي (35%) نسبة قاطع الماء ، وصولاً الى نسبة قاطع ماء (40%) والتي ستوفر معدل انتاج يتراوح بين (3000-3250) ب/ي . اما في حال كون نسبة قاطع الماء تتراوح بين (50-60%) ، فيتم استخدام المضخة Centrilift GC-6100- 5.13" بماطورات مختلفة ، لتوفير معدل انتاج يتراوح بين (1800-2250) ب/ي . وفي حال كون نسبة قاطع الماء (70%) ، فيكون نوع المضخة Centrilift FC-6000- 4" ويبلغ معدل الانتاج حوالي (1300) ب/ي . اما اذا كانت نسبة قاطع الماء (80%) ، فتستخدم المضخة نوع Reda GN-5600-5.13" لتوفير معدل انتاج يبلغ حوالي (900) ب/ي .
تم التأكيد على أختيار مضخات نوع Centrilift كونها تحقق معدلات أنتاج أعلى من باقي النوعيات لنفس ظروف البئر.
نظرا لكون البئر متوقف عن الأنتاج فقد حددنا ضغط راس البئر ب ( 250 با/عقدة2 ) لضمان وصول النفط المنتج الى محطات العزل.
تم أختيار عمق تنصيب المضخة ب ( 2500 متر ) لضمان عدم تأثير تخلخل الضغط الحاصل بفعل عمل المضخة على الطبقة الأنتاجية وضمان أنسيابية الجريان وكذلك لوجود ضغط مكمني كافي لأيصال النفط في جوف البئر الى هذا العمق ( 4055 باوند/عقدة2 ).