bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nuptials: Women Do Have the Right to Choose Their Own Spouse, and How the Qur’anic Nuptial Agreement Advocates for the Bride
Authors: El-Ali Leena 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHaving established that women have a right to their own property, the Qur’an also abolishes the earlier custom of men inheriting the wives of their deceased relatives as spouses, thereby taking over the deceased husband’s property, and of forcing them to or preventing them from marrying as they may choose in order to retain control of the same. This combination of Qur’anic actions established women as the subjects as opposed to objects of inheritance. And there would now be a bridal gift from the groom, too, before a marriage can be effected, providing women with yet another source of income and independence. Yet the insistence by some that men are women’s “guardians” has sapped many women of the ability to choose their own spouse, while taking the bridal gift too seriously is labelled “greedy” or potentially off-putting to a would-be groom and his family.
Virgins: There Are No 72 Virgins Waiting for Anyone in Paradise
Authors: El-Ali Leena 
Published: December 2021

AbstractVerses referring to people having a “purified spouse” in heaven are usually assumed to be addressing men only because of a fundamentally incorrect association of purity with virginity, thereby attaching it to women. Yet the ubiquitous concept of “purity” in the Qur’an is the far broader one of righteousness and is never used to refer to virginity. Men and women are both promised “purified spouses/mates”, whether one’s righteous spouse from one’s time on earth or a spouse from among heavenly beings referred to as hoor or hooris. Virginity as relating to being born again and made equally and eternally young in Paradise applies to both women and men, who are said to be matching qualitatively as couples. Moreover, the myth of “72 virgins in Paradise” for a (presumably male) martyr is just that, appearing nowhere in the Qur’an.
Women and the Development of hadith Literature
Authors: El-Ali Leena 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWomen were an important source of hadith, most notably Aisha, the Prophet’s wife. Female scholars of hadith and other Islamic “sciences” were aplenty and were well-respected for at least nine centuries. They travelled widely and held public lectures to students of mixed gender who would also travel far to hear them. But references to women scholars gradually began to disappear from the literature from the sixteenth century on.
Imaginative Leadership: A Conceptual Frame for the Design and Facilitation of Creative Methods and Generative Engagement
Authors: Pearson Kelli R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the field of sustainability science, many scholars and practitioners are embracing a ‘humanistic turn’ that draws from psychology and cognitive sciences and from the arts and humanities. Contributing to a spirit of ‘exuberant experimentation’ in the field, this chapter asks: How can creative methods of engagement be operationalized to support the imaginative capacity of researchers and practitioners in the arena of sustainability? In order to address this question, I (a) propose the concept of imaginative leadership to describe the ability to understand and consciously influence the symbolic/metaphorical dimensions of self and others, and (b) explore the process of designing workshops that employ creative methods rooted in ‘transformative mindsets.’ Transformative mindsets refer to specific conceptual frames identified for their potential to disrupt default unsustainable and anthropocentric worldviews and open new spaces of possibility for action and perception. The broad goal of these workshops was to support imaginative leadership towards regenerative sustainability through collaborative experimentation with unconventional methods. Informed by research on metaphorical thinking, somatics, neurocognitive linguistics, and arts-based environmental education, the methods were designed to activate a set of specific transformative mindsets, which were subsequently refined through the process of experimentation and co-reflection during and after the workshops.
Insights and Inspiration from Explorative Research into the Impacts of a Community Arts Project
Authors: Van der Vaart Gwenda 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn today’s society, the resilience of communities is in the spotlight. How can communities shape and respond to the challenges they face in order to achieve a better future? For researchers focusing on this question, researching artistic practices can provide valuable insights and inspiration. From a resilience perspective that seeks to incorporate people’s everyday lifeworld and local knowledge, community arts in particular hold much potential, being an art form that actively engages people in the creative process. Evidencing the impact of community arts projects has become more important over the years. However, as this chapter discusses, there are several tensions and concerns around evaluating the impact of the arts. The chapter takes as its empirical focus one such project in particular: the multi-year theatre-trilogy Grutte Pier, which took place in the Dutch village Kimswerd between 2014 and 2018. In this village, the site-specific theatre company PeerGrouP worked together with the inhabitants to create a trilogy around the village’s historical figure Grutte Pier. The chapter reflects on an explorative research project into the impact of this community arts project on the village. Hereby, it contributes to the understanding of how meaningful change can be achieved in communities, preparing them for a more sustainable future. The reflections on the explorative research support the need to adopt a critical perspective with regard to assessing the value of artistic practices. The experiences in Kimswerd show that community arts projects can be an evocative way of engaging a community and can result in a variety of effects. The chapter discusses both personal effects, relating to personal growth, people’s social life and feelings of pride, as well as effects at the village level, such as the creation and strengthening of bonds between the inhabitants. Effects are expected to go a long way and be a great boost for a community’s organizational capacity and future activities. In light of these findings, it appears to be a successful formula to have artists coming to a community as ‘outsiders’, actively engaging inhabitants in a large community arts project that is both locally grounded and offers the inhabitants various ways of participating themselves.
Transjugular Portosystemic Stent Shunt: Impact of Right Atrial Pressure on Portal Venous Hemodynamics Within the First Week
Authors: Pitton Michael Bernhard , Weinmann Arndt , Kloeckner Roman , Mittler Jens , Ruckes Christian , Düber Christoph , Otto Gerd 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Porto-systemic pressure gradient is used to prognosticate rebleeding and resolution of ascites after TIPS. This study investigates the reliability of portal pressure characteristics as quantified immediately after TIPS placement and at short-term control.

Patients and Methods
Portal venous pressure (PVP) and right atrial pressure (RAP) were prospectively obtained before and after TIPS as well as ≥ 48 h after TIPS procedure. Porto-systemic pressure gradients (PSG) and pressure changes were calculated. A multivariate regression analysis was performed to predict portal hemodynamics at short-term control.

Results
The study included 124 consecutive patients. Indications for TIPS were refractory ascites, variceal bleeding or combinations of both. Pre- and post-interventional PSG yielded 16.4 ± 5.3 mmHg and 5.9 ± 2.7 mmHg, respectively. At that time, 105/124 patients (84.7%) met the target (PSG ≤ 8 mmHg). After 4 days (median), PSG was 8.5 ± 3.5 mmHg and only 66 patients (53%) met that target. In patients exceeding the target PSG at follow-up, PVP was significantly higher and RAP was lower resulting in the increased PSG. The highly variable changes of RAP were the main contributor to different pressure gradients. In the multivariate regression analysis, PVP and RAP immediately after TIPS were predictors for PSG at short-term control with moderately predictive capacity (AUC = 0.75).

Conclusion
Besides the reduction of portal vein pressure, the highly variable right atrial pressure was the main contributor to different pressure gradients. Thus, immediate post-TIPS measurements do not reliably predict portal hemodynamics during follow-up. These findings need to be further investigated with respect to the corresponding clinical course of the patients.
A thermo-viscoplasticity model for metals over wide temperature ranges- application to case hardening steel
Authors: Oppermann Philip , Denzer Ralf , Menzel Andreas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this contribution, a model for the thermomechanically coupled behaviour of case hardening steel is introduced with application to 16MnCr5 (1.7131). The model is based on a decomposition of the free energy into a thermo-elastic and a plastic part. Associated viscoplasticity, in terms of a temperature-depenent Perzyna-type power law, in combination with an isotropic von Mises yield function takes respect for strain-rate dependency of the yield stress. The model covers additional temperature-related effects, like temperature-dependent elastic moduli, coefficient of thermal expansion, heat capacity, heat conductivity, yield stress and cold work hardening. The formulation fulfils the second law of thermodynamics in the form of the Clausius–Duhem inequality by exploiting the Coleman–Noll procedure. The introduced model parameters are fitted against experimental data. An implementation into a fully coupled finite element model is provided and representative numerical examples are presented showing aspects of the localisation and regularisation behaviour of the proposed model.
Experimental philosophy of medicine and the concepts of health and disease
Authors: Veit Walter 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIf one had to identify the biggest change within the philosophical tradition in the twenty-first century, it would certainly be the rapid rise of experimental philosophy to address differences in intuitions about concepts. It is, therefore, surprising that the philosophy of medicine has so far not drawn on the tools of experimental philosophy in the context of a particular conceptual debate that has overshadowed all others in the field: the long-standing dispute between so-called naturalists and normativists about the concepts of health and disease. In this paper, I defend and advocate the use of empirical methods to inform and advance this and other debates within the philosophy of medicine.
A Rare Case of Cysticercosis Involving the Whole Spinal Canal
Authors: Zheng Xiaoyan , Wang Fei , Wang Lei , Li Xiaoli , Li Jingjing , Huang Minjun , Zou Yang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Cysticercosis is the commonest parasitic disease to affect the central nervous system (CNS). However, cysticercosis affecting the spine is extremely rare. We reported a rare case of cysticercosis involving the whole spinal canal in China.

Case Presentation
A rare case of cysticercosis involving the entire spinal cord, in a 52-year-old Chinese man, was detected in 2021. Epidemiological investigation, clinical and etiological examination was performed.

Conclusion
Since spinal cysticercosis is a rare but potentially life-threatening disease, clinicians should always consider the differential diagnosis of space-occupying lesions.
Energy-effective artificial internet-of-things application deployment in edge-cloud systems
Authors: Xiang Zhengzhe , Zheng Yuhang , He Mengzhu , Shi Longxiang , Wang Dongjing , Deng Shuiguang , Zheng Zengwei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRecently, the Internet-of-Things technique is believed to play an important role as the foundation of the coming Artificial Intelligence age for its capability to sense and collect real-time context information of the world, and the concept Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) is developed to summarize this vision. However, in typical centralized architecture, the increasing of device links and massive data will bring huge congestion to the network, so that the latency brought by unstable and time-consuming long-distance network transmission limits its development. The multi-access edge computing (MEC) technique is now regarded as the key tool to solve this problem. By establishing a MEC-based AIoT service system at the edge of the network, the latency can be reduced with the help of corresponding AIoT services deployed on nearby edge servers. However, as the edge servers are resource-constrained and energy-intensive, we should be more careful in deploying the related AIoT services, especially when they can be composed to make complex applications. In this paper, we modeled complex AIoT applications using directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), and investigated the relationship between the AIoT application performance and the energy cost in the MEC-based service system by translating it into a multi-objective optimization problem, namely the CA$$^3$$

3

D problem — the optimization problem was efficiently solved with the help of heuristic algorithm. Besides, with the actual simple or complex workflow data set like the Alibaba Cloud and the Montage project, we conducted comprehensive experiments to evaluate the results of our approach. The results showed that the proposed approach can effectively obtain balanced solutions, and the factors that may impact the results were also adequately explored.
Predicting postoperative transfusion in elective total HIP and knee arthroplasty: Comparison of different machine learning models of a case-control study
Authors: Huang ZeYu , Martin John , Huang Qiang , Ma Jun , Pei FuXing , Huang Cheng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Total joint arthroplasty (TJA) is a very successful orthopedics procedure but associates with a significantly high transfusion rate.

Objective
In this study, we aimed to determine predictors of postoperative blood transfusion in patients undergoing elective hip and knee TJA patients and compare the accuracy of machine learning (ML) algorithms in predicting transfusion risk.

Methods
We utilized data from 12,642 patients undergoing primary unilateral TJA. Risk factors and demographic information were extracted, and predictive models were developed using seven ML algorithms. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to measure the predictive accuracy of each algorithm.

Results
The overall transfusion rate was 18.7%. Patient-related risk factors for transfusion included age 65–85 (Odds Ratio (OR): 1.175–1.222), female (OR: 1.246), American Society of Anesthesiologists grade II or greater (OR: 1.264–2.758). Surgical factors included operation time (OR: 1.736), drain use (OR: 2.202) as well as intraoperative blood loss (OR: 7.895). Elevated preoperative Hb (OR: 0.615), Hct (OR: 0.800), BMI (≥24 kg/m2) (OR: 0.613–0.731) and tranexamic acid use (OR: 0.375) were associated with decreased risk of postoperative transfusion. The long short-term memory networks (LSTM) and random forest (RF) models achieved the highest predictive accuracy (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
The risk factors identified in the current study can provide specific, personalized postoperative transfusion risk assessment for a patient considering lower limb TJA. Furthermore, the predictive accuracies of LSTM and RF algorithms were significantly higher than the others, making them potential tools for future personalized preoperative prediction of risk for postoperative transfusion.

Highlights
Analysing a non-IR field through IR lenses. Education in post-conflict Kosovo
Authors: Selenica Ervjola 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe paper argues that education is relevant for both domestic and international reasons and without an incorporation of the international within the national it is not possible to understand education's changes and transformations in post-conflict and conflict-affected contexts. The paper aims to connect the local to the global by investigating their dynamic interaction through the peculiar lenses of international assistance to education reform in post-conflict Kosovo. It asks two questions: (1) how do global agendas of peace and security affect education reforms in conflict-affected contexts? and (2) how does education reform in conflict-affected contexts interacts with and is related to broader, international dynamics, processes, and actors? More specifically, the paper analyses the role of international actors in traditionally national sectors and the multi-layered, hybrid governance of education reform within a broader statebuilding, peacebuilding, and stabilization perspective. The analysis is divided into two empirical instances: (i) education for liberal multicultural peace (1999–2013) and (ii) education against violent extremism and radicalization (2014–2019). The paper sheds light on the globalization and securitization of education as well as the changing forms and practice of statehood and sovereignty in times of post-war-reconstruction and fragility. A threat-containment and security-based logic has dictated priorities and determined choices in education reform and content.
Understanding the relationship between networks, startup risk-taking behaviour, and digitalization: the role of ecosystem coopetition
Authors: Yang Junping , Zhu Min , Zhang Mengjie , Yao Kai 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTechnology that develops rapidly has profoundly affected the business field and reshaped some behaviours of corporations, and the discussion on startup risk-taking behaviour in the new era is still insufficient. Based on social network theory and social capital theory, this article studies how social networks and entrepreneurial ecosystems support startup risk-taking behaviour. This article cuts into this issue through the perspective of coopetition. Based on 737 responses, this article employs regression and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis to explore the relationships between networks, ecosystem coopetition, and risk-taking behaviour. Results indicate that networks and coopetition may stimulate startup risk-taking behaviour, and coopetition may weaken the impacts of networks. There are replacement effects between different characteristics of networks, and there are several configurations, which may lead to high-level risk-taking. This article may help us understand startup risk-taking behaviour in the digital era and the positive impacts of ecosystems.
The idea of a beautiful death in Italian literature of the Great War
Authors: Moll Carlo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThrough the comparative reading of Italian literature of the Great War (letteratura di guerra) published between 1915 and 1940, it will be shown that both among veterans of the conflict and civilian writers there existed a standardised image of falling ‘beautifully’ in combat that entailed specific components relating to location, time, final gestures and last invocations, and which aimed to make death in battle more militarily and culturally palatable for Italian audiences. At the same time, the letteratura di guerra presented naturalistic descriptions of the anonymous mass death of peasant soldiers and, thereby, created a pathos of beauty and suffering that made the Italian literature of the Great War prototypical for a new kind of spiritual realism that became one of the mainstreams of cultural expression in Fascist Italy.
The Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire and its modified short version validation in adults and children with allergic rhinitis
Authors: Katsimpris P , Tripsianis G , Printza A , Giotakis E , Simopoulos E , Constantinidis J , Katotomichelakis M 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to develop the Greek versions of the Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire and Mini-Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire for adult and pediatric populations, discuss their differences and detect the impact of age and gender on quality of life questionnaire results.MethodNinety-eight patients with allergic rhinitis participated. Quality of Life evaluation was made by two generic (Short Form-36 and Beck Depression Inventory) and two disease-specific questionnaires (Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire and Mini-Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire). Symptom evaluation was made by the Total 5 Symptoms Score assessment.ResultsInternal consistency and test–retest reliability of both questionnaires was high. Convergent validity showed statistically significant negative correlations of total Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire and Mini-Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire with overall Short Form-36 Health Survey score and positive correlations with Beck Depression Inventory and Total 5 Symptoms Score. Discriminative validity demonstrated statistically significant improvement for all instruments and all domains after treatment. Females presented highly significant increased scores. Patient age was positively correlated with total scores of Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire and Mini-Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire. The clinically significant improvement after treatment was higher among females than males, while it was independent of patient age.ConclusionRhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire and Mini-Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire proved to be valid and reliable methods of assessment of allergic rhinitis-related quality of life in children, adolescents and adults.
Language-switch costs from comprehension to production might just be task-switch costs
Authors: Li Chuchu , Gollan Tamar H. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSpanish–English bilinguals switched between naming pictures in one language and either reading-aloud or semantically classifying written words in both languages. When switching between reading-aloud and picture-naming, bilinguals exhibited no language switch costs in picture-naming even though they produced overt language switches in speech. However, when switching between semantic classification and picture-naming, bilinguals, especially unbalanced bilinguals, exhibited switch costs in the dominant language and switch facilitation in the nondominant language even though they never switched languages overtly. These results reveal language switching across comprehension and production can be cost-free when the intention remains the same. Assuming switch costs at least partially reflect inhibition of the nontarget language, this implies such language control mechanisms are recruited only under demanding task conditions, especially for unbalanced bilinguals. These results provide striking demonstration of adaptive control mechanisms and call into question previous claims that language switch costs necessarily transfer from comprehension to production.