bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors that Influence Acquisition of Lower Extremity Braces in the Pediatric Orthopaedic Population
Authors: Rambo Anna , Rhodes Leslie , Lomax Justin , Cao Xueyuan , Steele Jack , Romer Karen , Spence David , Sheffer Benjamin W. , Warner William C. , Sawyer Jeffrey R. , Kelly Derek M. 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Lower extremity brace-wear compliance has been studied in pediatrics, but failure to acquire a prescribed brace has not been included. The purpose of this study was to evaluate brace acquisition as a component of brace-wear compliance.

Methods:
Records of patients (0 to 21 y) prescribed lower extremity braces from 2017 to 2019 were reviewed. Diagnoses included cerebral palsy, spina bifida, short Achilles tendon, clubfoot, and other. Brace type was categorized as clubfoot foot abduction orthosis, ankle-foot orthosis, knee, hip, or custom/other braces. Brace prescription and acquisition dates were recorded. Insurance was classified as government, private, or uninsured. Patient demographics included age, sex, race, and calculated area deprivation index.

Results:
Of the 1176 prescribed lower extremity braces, 1094 (93%) were acquired while 82 (7%) were not. The odds ratios (OR) of failure to acquire a prescribed brace in Black and Hispanic patients were 1.64 and 2.71 times that in White patients, respectively (95% confidence interval: 1.01-2.71, P=0.045; 1.23-5.6, P=0.015); in patients without insurance, the OR was 8.48 times that in privately insured patients (95% confidence interval: 1.93-31.1, P=0.007). The ORs of failure to acquire were 2.12 (P=0.003) in patients 4 years or more versus 0 to 3 years, 4.17 (P<0.0001) in cerebral palsy versus clubfoot, and 4.12 (P=0.01) in short Achilles tendon versus clubfoot. There was no significant association between sex or area deprivation index and failure of brace acquisition.

Conclusions:
In our cohort, 7% of prescribed braces were not acquired. Black or Hispanic race, lack of insurance, and older age were associated with failure to acquire prescribed braces. Braces prescribed for clubfoot were acquired more often than for cerebral palsy or short Achilles tendon. Brace-wear compliance is an established factor in treatment success and recurrence. This study identified risk factors for failed brace acquisition, a critical step for improving compliance. These results may help effect changes in the current system that may lead to more compliance with brace wear.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—retrospective cohort study.
Parents' Preferences for Behavioral Services in Primary Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Petts Rachel A. , Walker Bethany L. , Hails Katherine A. , Simoni Marisa , Raglin Bignall Whitney J. , Hostutler Cody A. , Riley Andrew R. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Pediatric primary care is an ideal setting to provide behavioral health services to young children and their families during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it is unclear how the pandemic altered parents' priorities and preferences to obtain behavioral services in this setting.

Method:
Between July 2020 and January 2021, 301 parents of young children in 5 pediatric sites across the United States completed survey measures on their preferences for behavioral topics and service delivery methods in primary care. The current sample was compared with a previous sample of parents (n = 396) who completed the same measures in 2018.

Results:
Child self-calming was the only behavioral topic that was rated as significantly more important in the pandemic cohort in comparison with the prepandemic cohort. The pandemic cohort also reported significantly more interest in using certain media resources (e.g., mobile apps and videos) as a delivery method and less interest in group classes/seminars. After controlling for demographic differences between the samples, there was an increased preference for multimedia resources overall in the pandemic cohort, as well as a decreased preference for usual care.

Conclusion:
Parents generally endorse similar priorities for behavioral topics in primary care during the pandemic as they did before the pandemic. However, there is a clear preference for more remote and media-based services during the pandemic. Pediatric practices may consider augmenting behavioral health services with multimedia resources during and after the COVID-19 pandemic to meet parents' needs.
PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF ELLIPSOID ZONE DAMAGE AFTER PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY FOR IDIOPATHIC EPIRETINAL MEMBRANE
Authors: Post Michał , Cicinelli Maria Vittoria , Zanzottera Emma Clara , Marchese Alessandro , Bandello Francesco , Coppola Michele 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
To assess factors associated with external limiting membrane (ELM)/ellipsoid zone (EZ) damage after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for epiretinal membrane and evaluate ELM/EZ damage impact on functional and anatomical outcomes.

Methods:
Patients who underwent PPV with epiretinal membrane ± inner limiting membrane peeling were retrospectively analyzed. Best-corrected visual acuity and central macular thickness were longitudinally collected based on the available follow-up. Demographic data, clinical data, and surgical details were included in logistic regression models having ELM/EZ damage as a binary outcome.

Results:
Overall, 179 eyes (171 patients) were included; 93 had a 12-month follow-up. Thirty-four eyes (19%) had ELM/EZ damage after surgery; in nine eyes (5%), ELM/EZ damage persisted at 12 months. Phacoemulsification during PPV (odds ratio = 6.97; P = 0.007) and ELM/EZ damage before PPV (odds ratio = 6.91; P = 0.007) were risk factors for postoperative ELM/EZ disruption. Thicker outer nuclear layer (P = 0.002), thicker ectopic inner foveal layer (P < 0.001), and higher endoillumination power (P = 0.03) were associated with slower visual recovery. Inner limiting membrane peeling (P = 0.04) was associated with slower anatomical recovery.

Conclusion:
Cataract extraction and outer retinal damage before PPV are associated with higher risk of photoreceptor damage postoperatively. The rate of visual improvement varies as a function of retinal layers' distortion before surgery; additional retinal manipulation slows restoration of the macular anatomy.
Anxiety in cirrhosis: a prospective study on prevalence and development of a practical screening nomogram
Authors: Dang ThucNhi T. , Patel Kinjal , Farhat Kamal , Abraldes Juan , Ma Mang , Bailey Robert J , Burak Kelly W. , Mitchell Nicholas , Tandon Puneeta 
Published: November 2021

Objectives
The prevalence and effects of anxiety on health-related quality of life and clinical outcomes in cirrhosis are not well understood. This is increasingly relevant during COVID-19. Our aim was to use the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) to determine the prevalence of anxiety, its association with clinical outcomes in cirrhosis and to develop a rapid cirrhosis-specific anxiety screening nomogram.

Methods
Adults with a diagnosis of cirrhosis were prospectively recruited as outpatients at three tertiary care hospitals across Alberta and followed for up to 6 months to determine the association with unplanned hospitalization/death. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS) was used as a screening tool as it is free of influence from somatic symptoms. Anxiety was diagnosed using the MINI.

Results
Of 304 patients, 17% of patients had anxiety by the MINI and 32% by the HADS. Anxious patients had lower health-related quality of life as assessed by the chronic liver disease questionnaire (P < 0.001) and EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale (P < 0.001), and also had higher levels of frailty using the Clinical Frailty score (P = 0.004). Multivariable analysis revealed smoking and three HADS subcomponents as independent predictors of anxiety. These were used to develop a rapid screening nomogram.

Conclusion
A formal diagnosis of anxiety was made in approximately one in five patients with cirrhosis, and it was associated with worse HrQoL and frailty. The use of a 4-question nonsomatic symptom-based nomogram requires validation but is promising as a rapid screen for anxiety in cirrhosis.
Tandem high-dose 131I-MIBG therapy supported by dosimetry in pediatric patients with relapsed-refractory high-risk neuroblastoma: the Bambino Gesu’ Children’s Hospital experience
Authors: Altini Claudio , Villani Maria F. , Di Giannatale Angela , Cassano Bartolomeo , Pizzoferro Milena , Serra Annalisa , Castellano Aurora , Cannatà Vittorio , Garganese Maria C. 
Published: November 2021

Objective

131I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine (131I-MIBG) combined with myeloablative chemotherapy represents an effective treatment in children affected by relapsed/refractory neuroblastoma (NBL) for disease palliation and in improving progression-free survival. The aim of our study is to evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of tandem 131I-MIBG followed by high-dose chemotherapy with Melphalan.

Methods
Thirteen patients (age range: 3–17 years) affected by relapsed/refractory NB, previously treated according to standard procedures, were included in the study. Each treatment cycle included two administrations of 131I-MIBG (with a dosimetric approach) followed by a single dose of Melphalan with peripheral blood stem cell rescue.

Results
At the end of the treatment, ten patients experienced grade 4 neutropenia, two grade 3 and one patient grade 2, three patients presented febrile neutropenia and all needed RBC and platelets transfusions; one patient presented grade 4 mucositis, four grade 3 and one patient grade 2 mucositis. One patient showed progressive disease, eight patients showed stable disease and four patients showed partial response.

Conclusion
High-dose 131I-MIBG therapy combined with chemotherapy represent a well-tolerated and effective modality of treatment in heavily pretreated patients affected by relapsed/refractory NBL. However, further studies, including a wider cohort of patients, are needed.
YouTube as a Source of Information on Blenderised Tube Feeding
Authors: Walsh Anna , Bamkole Omowunmi , Gerasimidis Konstantinos 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTBlenderised tube feeding (BTF) has become an increasingly popular method of nutrition support for long‐term tube‐fed patients mostly children. This study surveyed perceptions and experiences on BTF shared on YouTube. From 71 videos analysed, attitudes towards BTF were mostly positive (91%) and included psychosocial benefits and improvements in gastrointestinal symptoms; no differences between caregivers and healthcare professionals were observed. Very few speakers (8%) felt there was a lack of support regarding use of BTF in schools and from healthcare professionals, because it is not part of the standard clinical management protocols. The most commonly used food items in blends included carrots (n = 16) and chicken (n = 11), and experiences from those who have used BTF included tips on recipes for blends, storing feeds and ensuring nutritional adequacy. Analysis of YouTube content on BTF was considerably positive and suggests that BTF is feasible and safe way to provide nutrition to tube‐fed patients.
Evolving Clinical Care in Esophageal Button Batteries
Authors: Sinclair Elizabeth M. , Santore Matthew T. , Agarwal Maneesha , Kitzman Jamie , Sauer Cary G. , Riedesel Erica L. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTBackground/Objectives:Esophageal button battery impactions (BBI) in children pose a significant danger to children. Although there are expert‐opinion guidelines to help manage this population, few studies detail the impact of guidelines on the clinical care of these patients. With this study, we aimed to describe the care of these patients before and following adoption of guidelines at a single center.Methods:Retrospective cohort study of patients with esophageal BBI at a single center, large volume, urban academic pediatric hospital system before adoption of expert‐opinion guidelines (2007–2017) and following adoption (2018–2020).Results:Cohort was comprised of 31 patients before adoption and 32 patients following adoption of guidelines. Patient characteristics did not differ between groups. After 2018, significantly more patients received acetic acid irrigation, initial cross‐sectional imaging, and serial cross‐sectional imaging. There was also an increase in intensive care unit (ICU) stays, number of intubations, nil per os time, and hospital length of stay. There was no difference in patient outcomes.Conclusion:This study describes a large cohort of pediatric esophageal BBI before and following adoption of guidelines. Findings detail increased adherence to guidelines resulting in more cross‐sectional imaging which led to ICU stays, longer length of stays, and more nil per os time. This study emphasizes the need for multi‐disciplinary guidelines as well as further multi‐institutional study.
Intimate Partner Violence and the HIV Care and Treatment Cascade Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in DREAMS, South Africa
Authors: Gibbs Andrew , Reddy Tarylee , Closson Kalysha , Cawood Cherie , Khanyile David , Hatcher Abigail 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Intimate partner violence (IPV) may affect the HIV-treatment cascade.

Setting:
Four high HIV-prevalence DREAMS health districts in South Africa.

Methods:
Secondary analysis of cross-sectional data collected March 2017–June 2018, using random household sample of young (12–24 years) girls and women. Face-to-face interviews assessed IPV and HIV-status knowledge, and finger-prick blood draws assessed ART (antiretroviral therapy) uptake and viral suppression. We used logistic regression to estimate crude and adjusted effects of IPV on HIV knowledge, ART uptake, and viral suppression.

Results:
Of 18,230 adolescent girls and young women, 8413 (46%) reported ever having had sex, of whom 1118 (13%) were HIV positive. The 90:90:90 benchmarks were 61% knew their status, 86% had ART present in their blood sample, and 91% were virally suppressed. Among the entire sample of young women living with HIV, 65.6% were virally suppressed. Past year IPV was reported by 15%. In adjusted models, IPV trended toward increasing the odds that a young woman was aware she was living with HIV [adjusted odds ratios (aOR) = 1.40, 2.00–9.98, P = 0.067]. There was no association between IPV and reduced treatment use (aOR = 0.73, 0.41–1.29). IPV was independently associated with reduced viral suppression (aOR = 0.30, 0.13–0.66).

Conclusions:
Addressing the role of IPV in undermining the treatment cascade for adolescent and young women is a critical issue for HIV programming.
Azithromycin consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia, 2020
Authors: Bogdanić Nikolina , Močibob Loris , Vidović Toni , Soldo Ana , Begovac Josip 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundDuring the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was great enthusiasm for the use of azithromycin with or without hydroxychloroquine.ObjectivesWe analyzed azithromycin consumption in Croatia in 2020 and compared this to the period 2017–2019.MethodsAzithromycin consumption was evaluated using the IQVIA Adriatic d.o.o. database which collects data on azithromycin distribution from wholesale pharmacies to hospital and non-hospital pharmacies in Croatia. We analyzed data for the period from January 2017 to December 2020. Azithromycin distribution was measured as days of therapy (DOT) and reported as per 1000 inhabitants or per 1000 inhabitant-days.ResultsIn the period 2017–2020, total azithromycin DOT in Croatia increased in 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2020 (1.76, 1.91, 1.91 and 2.01/1000 inhabitant-days, respectively). Non-hospital pharmacies received 2.18 times and hospital pharmacies 4.39 times more DOT units/1000 inhabitants of azithromycin in March 2020 compared to the average distribution rate in March 2017–2019. During the peak of the COVID-19 epidemic (November and December 2020) azithromycin distribution increased considerably in hospital (3.62 and 3.19 times, respectively) and non-hospital pharmacies (1.93 and 1.84 times, respectively) compared to the average consumption in the same months in 2017–2019.ConclusionsOur data showed increased azithromycin distribution in the period 2017 – 2020 which indicates azithromycin overuse. Preliminary information on COVID-19 treatments with a desire to offer and try what is available even in the absence of strong scientific evidence may have influenced practices of antimicrobial prescriptions.
Digitalisation and the performance measurement and management system: reinforcing empowerment
Authors: Korsen Eirik Bådsvik Hamre , Ingvaldsen Jonas A. 
Published: November 2021

PurposeThis study explores how information and communication technologies (ICT) can contribute to empowerment in an Industry 4.0 setting.Design/methodology/approachThe results are based on a case study of a Norwegian manufacturing organisation that has highly automated production and an integrated ICT platform. Data analysis was guided by the Smith and Bititci (2017) framework for performance measurement and management.FindingsWhen powered by advanced ICT, the performance measurement system matures. The design and development of the ICT platform also reinforce the organisation's existing performance management practices. Empowerment is strengthened when automated collection, analysis and reporting of performance data free up middle managers' time so that they, together with operators, can drive continuous improvement.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings are limited to a single case study and require further testing for transferability to other organisations. Future research should explore whether performance management practices are also reinforced by ICT in more command- and control-oriented organisations.Practical implicationsThe paper suggests an alternative strategy of Industry 4.0 transformation for organisations committed to empowerment. Such organisations should rely on in-house, iterative ICT development and build digital competence broadly.Originality/valueThis article contributes to the understanding of how performance measurement and management are interrelated and evolve in the context of Industry 4.0. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, highlighting the role of middle managers in empowering operators through continuous improvement is novel in the performance measurement and management literature.
National cultures and their impact on electronic word of mouth: a systematic review
Authors: Dang Anh , Raska David 
Published: November 2021

PurposeThis paper aims to summarize peer-reviewed journal articles on national cultures and electronic word of mouth (eWOM) behavior, identify the main findings and patterns among those studies and discuss research gaps that need to be addressed in the future.Design/methodology/approachA systematic review process was utilized to analyze peer-reviewed journal articles on both eWOM and national cultures. The main research questions were defined, then proceeded by the identification of exclusive and inclusive criteria to search for relevant articles, which were further filtered based on abstracts and full texts, and then scrutinized for main findings and major variables such as countries, cultural variables and data collection methods.FindingsAn analysis of 52 papers shows that national cultures, primarily Hofstede's dimensions, influence the willingness of individuals to share eWOM, how they write eWOM and the extent to which they use eWOM to make decisions. Although the reviewed studies have provided insightful implications for marketing theory and practice, the present paper has identified a number of important questions that warrant future research attention.Originality/valueeWOM is continually being employed as a popular source of information for consumers throughout different countries to make their purchase decisions. However, eWOM behavior differs from country to country due to national cultures, and managers' eWOM strategies that work in one country may not be applicable in another. Therefore, there has been an increasing interest in this topic. Nevertheless, it remains unclear which subjects have been addressed and what areas are yet to be investigated. This paper presents a comprehensive review of how national cultures affect eWOM behavior by drawing upon prior research and provides directions for future research contributions.
Sensory, functional characteristics and in vitro digestibility of snacks supplemented with non‐traditional ingredient raw and processed fenugreek
Authors: Wani Sajad Ahmad , Alwahibi Mona S. , Elshikh Mohamed S. , Abdel Gawwad Mohamed R. , Ali Mohammad Ajmal , Alhaji Jwaher Haji , Naik Haroon Rashid , Kumar Pradyuman 
Published: November 2021

SummaryFenugreek seeds were germinated, soaked and roasted and were evaluated for nutritional properties. Raw and processed fenugreek seeds were used to develop snack product. Snacks were examined for the sensorial, functional, antinutritional properties and in vitro digestibility. Using sensory analysis, 5% level of substitution of raw and processed fenugreek was accepted for the development of extruded snacks. Lateral expansion was highest for snacks prepared from processed fenugreek (163.0% to 206.1%) than raw fenugreek (162.5 to 168.7%), and vice versa for bulk density. The antioxidant activity and total phenolic content were highest for snacks prepared from germinated fenugreek (7.30% to 9.87% and 1.352 to 3.561 mg GAE g−1 of sample) and lowest for snacks prepared from raw fenugreek (6.68% to 7.03% and 1.29 to 2.76 mg GAE g−1 of sample). Not only extrusion but also processing such as soaking, roasting and germination reduced the antinutritional content of the snack product. Both in vitro digestibilities increased with extrusion cooking. In vitro digestibility was also found to be higher in snacks prepared from processed fenugreek than raw fenugreek. Therefore, development of such functional foods using processed fenugreek would raise the consumer demand and benefit the population by increasing the health status.
Sudden cardiac death related to physical exercise in the young: a nationwide cohort study of Australia
Authors: Ha Francis J. , Han Hui‐Chen , Sanders Prashanthan , La Gerche Andre , Teh Andrew W. , Farouque Omar , Lim Han S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundSudden cardiac death (SCD) during physical exercise is devastating.AimsTo evaluate causes and circumstances of exercise‐related SCD in the young in Australia.MethodsWe reviewed the National Coronial Information System database for deaths in Australia relating to cardiovascular disease in cases aged 10–35 years between 2000 and 2016. Cases who had undertaken physical exercise at the time of the event were included. We collected demographics, circumstances of death, type of physical exercise, bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and automated external defibrillator (AED) use prior to ambulance arrival.ResultsOver a 17‐year period, 1925 SCD cases were identified, of which 110 (6%) cases (median age 27 years (interquartile range 21–32 years); 92% male) were related to sports/physical exercise. Thirteen (12%) cases occurred in active athletes. Most common causes were coronary artery disease (CAD; 37%) and sudden arrhythmic death syndrome (SADS; 20%). Among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders (n = 10), all deaths were related to CAD. Australian Rules Football (24%), running/jogging (14%) and soccer (14%) were the most frequent physical exercise activities. Prior symptoms were present in 39% (chest pain 37%, pre‐syncope/syncope 26%). Most (87%) were witnessed, with bystander CPR in 70%. AED use prior to ambulance arrival was 8%.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrates the high occurrence of CAD and SADS in SCD in the young related to physical exercise. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders were disproportionately affected by CAD. Although events were commonly witnessed, AED was seldom used prior to ambulance arrival and highlights an important opportunity to improve outcomes in the post‐arrest chain of survival.