bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Simons Observatory: gain, bandpass and polarization-angle calibration requirements for B-mode searches
Authors: Abitbol Maximilian H. , Alonso David , Simon Sara M. , Lashner Jack , Crowley Kevin T. , Ali Aamir M. , Azzoni Susanna , Baccigalupi Carlo , Barron Darcy , Brown Michael L. , Calabrese Erminia , Carron Julien , Chinone Yuji , Chluba Jens , Coppi Gabriele , Crowley Kevin D. , Devlin Mark , Dunkley Jo , Errard Josquin , Fanfani Valentina , Galitzki Nicholas , Gerbino Martina , Hill J. Colin , Johnson Bradley R. , Jost Baptiste , Keating Brian , Krachmalnicoff Nicoletta , Kusaka Akito , Lee Adrian T. , Louis Thibaut , Madhavacheril Mathew S. , McCarrick Heather , McMahon Jeffrey , Meerburg P. Daniel , Nati Federico , Nishino Haruki , Page Lyman A. , Poletti Davide , Puglisi Giuseppe , Randall Michael J. , Rotti Aditya , Spisak Jacob , Suzuki Aritoki , Teply Grant P. , Vergès Clara , Wollack Edward J. , Xu Zhilei , Zannoni Mario 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We quantify the calibration requirements for systematic uncertainties for next-generation ground-based observatories targeting the large-angle B-mode polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background, with a focus on the Simons Observatory (SO). We explore uncertainties on gain calibration, bandpass center frequencies, and polarization angles, including the frequency variation of the latter across the bandpass. We find that gain calibration and bandpass center frequencies must be known to percent levels or less to avoid biases on the tensor-to-scalar ratio r on the order of Δ r∼10-3, in line with previous findings. Polarization angles must be calibrated to the level of a few tenths of a degree, while their frequency variation between the edges of the band must be known to O(10) degrees. Given the tightness of these calibration requirements, we explore the level to which residual uncertainties on these systematics would affect the final constraints on r if included in the data model and marginalized over. We find that the additional parameter freedom does not degrade the final constraints on r significantly, broadening the error bar by O(10%) at most. We validate these results by reanalyzing the latest publicly available data from the collaboration within an extended parameter space covering both cosmological, foreground and systematic parameters. Finally, our results are discussed in light of the instrument design and calibration studies carried out within SO.
Coherent anti-stokes Raman spectroscopy of nanodiamond–lysozyme interactions in water
Authors: Laptinskiy Kirill A , Burikov Sergey A , Vervald Alexey M , Dolenko Tatiana A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the results of studying the interactions of oxidized nanodiamonds with lysozyme in water. It was found that lysozyme is actively adsorbed on the surface of nanodiamonds in two layers. For the first time, using the CARS method, it was found that the conformation of lysozyme molecules in the first adsorption layer changes, and the conformation of molecules adsorbed in the second layer almost coincides with the conformation of free lysozyme molecules. The obtained results and the analysis of the literature data concerning the activity of lysozyme allowed us to conclude that lysozyme in the first adsorption layer mainly loses its enzymatic activity, and in the second—retains it.
Neuromodulation using electroosmosis
Authors: Kare Sai Siva , Rountree Corey M , Troy John B , Finan John D , Saggere Laxman 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective. Our laboratory has proposed chemical stimulation of retinal neurons using exogenous glutamate as a biomimetic strategy for treating vision loss caused by photoreceptor (PR) degenerative diseases. Although our previous in-vitro studies using pneumatic actuation indicate that chemical retinal stimulation is achievable, an actuation technology that is amenable to microfabrication, as needed for an in-vivo implantable device, has yet to be realized. In this study, we sought to evaluate electroosmotic flow (EOF) as a mechanism for delivering small quantities of glutamate to the retina. EOF has great potential for miniaturization. Approach. An EOF device to dispense small quantities of glutamate was constructed and its ability to drive retinal output tested in an in-vitro preparation of PR degenerate rat retina. Main results. We built and tested an EOF microfluidic system, with 3D printed and off-the-shelf components, capable of injecting small volumes of glutamate in a pulsatile fashion when a low voltage control signal was applied. With this device, we produced excitatory and inhibitory spike rate responses in PR degenerate rat retinae. Glutamate evoked spike rate responses were also observed to be voltage-dependent and localized to the site of injection. Significance. The EOF device performed similarly to a previously tested conventional pneumatic microinjector as a means of chemically stimulating the retina while eliminating the moving plunger of the pneumatic microinjector that would be difficult to miniaturize and parallelize. Although not implantable, the prototype device presented here as a proof of concept indicates that a retinal prosthetic based on EOF-driven chemical stimulation is a viable and worthwhile goal. EOF should have similar advantages for controlled dispensing of charged neurochemicals at any neural interface.
ANN Back Propagation in forecasting and policy analysis on family planning programs: A case study in NTB Province
Authors: Syaharuddin  , Supriyanto E E , Septyanun N , Harun R R , Islahudin  , Apriansyah D , Saputra E 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Various government programs and policies are aimed at improving the welfare of the community. One of them is implementing a family planning program to suppress high population growth. The research aims to implement the artificial neural network architecture of the Back Propagation method of two hidden layers to see an increase in active users of the family planning program on three types of programs namely implants, injections, and pills. The data used include family planning data of ten districts in NTB province consisting of 165 input data. Predicted results showed that the best architecture with an accuracy rate of 99.21%, obtained by the value of learning rate of 0.8, the activation function of each layer is logsig, and the training method is TRAINRP. Besides, obtained information that the average decline in the user type of pills in each district/city. While in other types there is an increase of 8% on Lombok Island, while on Sumbawa Island amounted to 50%.
Learning points, lines, and plane geometry with Hawgent dynamic mathematics software
Authors: Pereira J , Wijaya T T , Zhou Y , Purnama A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Geometry is any shape seen as a set of specific set points, while a plane means a collection of all lines. In mathematics, points, line, and planes geometry is complicated for students to understand a basic concept. This research aims to help teachers explain the concepts of points, lines, and planes and help students understand the basic concepts of points, lines, and planes with Hawgent dynamic mathematics software. The method used in this research is Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The evaluation results of media expert were 82.77%, and material expert was 84.17%. The result of the implementation is a positive response from students when learning mathematics uses Hawgent dynamic mathematics software in the classroom and also a positive response from the teacher towards learning media of Hawgent dynamic mathematics software. In further research, elementary school materials can be developed using Hawgent dynamic mathematics software or other dynamic mathematics software to increase students’ interest in learning and make students more active in teaching and learning activities.
Analysis toward learning obstacles of junior high school students on the topic of direct and inverse proportion
Authors: Bintara I A , Suhendra  
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Direct and inverse proportion are the basic topics which need to be comprehended by students because they both will be used in discussing more advanced mathematics topics. However, many students still have obstacles in learning these topics. This study aims to identify and analyze students’ learning obstacles on the topic of direct and inverse proportion. This study used qualitative research approach with phenomenological design and involved thirty 8th grade students. The data were collected using triangulation which employed test, interview, and document analysis. The results showed that students faced learning obstacles, which are inability to follow learning demands on the basic concept of ratio, multiplication concept in proportion, and direct proportion concept on algebraic equations (ontogenic obstacle), students are hampered by the presentation of direct and inverse proportion material is not considered well and not facilitate student-centered learning (didactical obstacle), and inability to use direct and inverse proportion concept in the context of graphs, algebraic equations, and non-routine questions (epistemological obstacle). These obstacles should be considered when developing a more optimal didactical design.
Dynamic monitoring of bridges: accelerometer Vs microwave radar interferometry (IBIS-S)
Authors: Maizuar  , Akbar S J 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Dynamic monitoring of bridge structures require an innovative technique which could potentially be used for rapid damage assessment and provide reliable information. This paper presents a comparison study on bridge dynamic monitoring using accelerometer and microwave radar interferometry (IBIS-S) for bridge health assessment. In particular, this study describes the advantages and disadvantages of the measurement used in the recent studies. The results of study will provide preliminary information for selecting of the appropriate methods related to dynamic monitoring of bridges.
The effectiveness of implementing project-based learning (PjBL) model in STEM education: A literature review
Authors: Diana N , Yohannes  , Sukma Y 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
STEM education is one of the latest learning approaches, particularly in Indonesia. STEM integrates four scopes of studies including Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics. STEM approach requires an appropriate learning model in order to achieve the effectiveness of learning objectives. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the effectiveness aspects of implementing PjBL learning model in STEM education. This study was conducted by analysing journals examined the effectiveness of the application of PjBL learning model in STEM education. The syntax in the PjBL which includes planning, creating, processing, and evaluating has similarities with the steps in implementing STEM learning. As a form of integration of the four fields of study or a combination of several fields, STEM learning was applied to overcome contextual problems through designing, executing (processing), and evaluating. The effectiveness of using the PjBL learning model in STEM education is generally supported by its characteristics. Based on the review of seven journals that link PjBL and STEM, it is known that PjBL is one of the learning models which is significantly appropriate to be implemented in STEM education to increase the effectiveness of this approach.
The effectiveness of STEM approach on students’ critical thinking ability in the topic of fluid statics
Authors: Parno  , Supriana E , Widarti A N , Ali M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Critical thinking is a skill which ranks first in STEM activity in the 21st century learning, whereas research about the effectiveness of STEM approach implementation to increase students’ critical thinking ability (CTA) is still limited. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness between 7E LC and STEM-Based 7E LC models on increasing students’ CTA in the material of Fluid Statics with a quasi-experiment research and Pre- and Post-test Design. The subject of the research was senior high school students in Malang, Indonesia, which was distributed in Experiment (STEM-LC) and Comparison (LC) classes. The Experiment class planned, made, and tested 2 engineering products, namely a miniature of hydraulic lift and submarine. Critical Thinking Skills Test instrument was used with the alpha Cronbach reliability of 0.94. The data was analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test, N-gain, Mann-Whitney U test, ANCOVA, and effect size. This research found that both models were effective in building students’ CTA. Furthermore, the enhancement in students’ skill was affected by the different initial state and the different treatment of learning. However, both are independent of each other. STEM-LC model resulted in significantly better CTA in students than LC model. However, STEM-LC model was more effective than LC. The field practice of the STEM-LC method had a medium impact than the LC method in increasing students’ ability.
Smartphone microscope based on the STEM approach as a practicum tool to improve students’ scientific attitudes on Animalia
Authors: Samsuar S , Artika W , Sarong M A , Rahmatan H , Pada AUT 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study aims to determine the scientific attitude and its relationship to the student learning outcomes of Animalia using a smartphone microscope based on the STEM approach as a practicum tool. This research is a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental (Pretest-Posttest Non-Equivalent Control Group Design) and descriptive method. The scientific attitude was measured by the observation sheet and multiple-choice tests (pretest-posttest) to measure the learning outcomes. The study population was all Year 10 students at SMAN 1 Woyla, Aceh, Indonesia. The samples, class X MIA1, and X MIA2, were chosen using the purposive sampling technique. Data of scientific attitudes were analyzed using quantitative descriptive through the percentage formula, and correlation and regression tests were conducted to analyze the relation between scientific attitudes and learning outcomes. The results showed that the scientific attitudes of the two classes were in the very high category (experimental class: 94.8%, control class: 95.1%). The results of the correlation test of scientific attitudes towards learning outcomes revealed rcount (0.346)> rtable (0.254), indicating a positive effect. The regression test results showed the R2 of 0.120, indicating that scientific attitudes explained the variance of learning outcomes by 12.0%.
Productive Structural Geology in Volcanogenic System: A case study of Lumut Balai Geothermal Field, Indonesia
Authors: Nurseto Sapto Trianggo , Julia Satriani R A , Thamrin Mochamad Husni , Suryantini N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Lumut Balai is geothermal field that occurs in the caldera system, named Lumut Tua Caldera, approximately 9 km in diameter. Located in Penindaian Village, Muara Enim Regency, South Sumatra Province. Lumut Balai is one of the fields operated by Pertamina Geothermal Energy. The volcanism in Lumut Balai is closely related to the Sumatra Fault Systems activity. Surface data such as outcrops provide information regarding lithology, alteration type, and geological structures, while manifestations provide fluid geochemistry data. Subsurface data are acquired from rock cuttings and core samples (which are then further analyzed through petrographic analysis and XRD analysis), drilling parameters, and borehole image logging. These provide information and interpretation of subsurface geological conditions such as lithology distribution, alteration distribution, reservoir zone, heat source, and permeability. The methods above result in an interpretation of the Lumut Balai geological model. Lumut Balai is a geothermal system located within the Lumut Balai caldera, composed of andesite, andesite breccia, basaltic andesite, basalt, limestone, meta-sediment, tuff, and tuff breccia which are all altered to certain extents. There are five stratigraphic units, starting from the oldest to youngest are Tertiary Basement Unit, Pre-Old Lumut Unit, Pre-Caldera Unit, Caldera Unit, and Post-Caldera Unit. Alteration zones in Lumut Balai could be classified into smectite+chlorite zone, silica+chlorite zone, and chlorite+epidote zone. Productive faults in Lumut Balai are Air Ringkih Fault with NE-SW trend, Air Udangan Fault trending NE-SW, Lumut Tua Caldera and Gemurah Besar which trends N-S. This study aims to confirm the productive geological structure in Lumut Balai and gives better understanding for future field development, such as well targeting for makeup wells and reservoir simulation.
Comparative study between cow and goat milk yogurt based on composition and sensory evaluation
Authors: Ibrahim A , Naufalin R , Muryatmo E , Dwiyanti H 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This present investigation aimed to compare between cow and goat yogurt based on compositions, physicochemical and sensory properties. The Association of Official Analytical Chemistry International and Indonesian National Standards were used to analyze the parameters of yogurt samples. One-way ANOVA was achieved to assess the variance between data by Microsoft Excel. Yogurt was made from different fresh milk samples; cow and goat milk. Thees results shown there were no significant differences between cow and goat yogurt on fat values were 2.02, 2.10%, ash values were 0.39, 0.59 and in viscosities values were 47.18 and 47,65 respectively. On the other side there were significant differences on total solids were 12.82 and 14.5%, protein content was 2.89 and 3.185%, and pH was 4.56 and 4.34, respectively. The results from this study concluded that goat yogurt had the best physicochemical properties and sensory characteristics comparable with cow yogurt.
Induce resistance of rice plants against bacterial leaf blight by using salicylic acid application
Authors: Suharti W S , Leana N W A 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBacterial leaf blight (BLB) is a disease that can cause yield loss in rice plants. Control efforts can be carried out by increasing the resistance of plants to pathogenic infections by using elicitors in the form of salicylic acid compounds. This study aimed to determine the effect of salicylic acid application to the rice resistance against BLB disease. The research was carried out experimentally in planta in a screen house. The study consisted of pathogen inoculation and salicylic acid treatment with various concentrations (5, 10, 15 mM). The variables observed were pathogenicity, biochemical plant resistance, structural plant resistance, and plant growth. The results showed that there was a suppression of BLB disease intensity in rice infected byX. oryzaedue to salicylic acid application. Exogenous salicylic acid correlated with the biochemical resistance increased, especially tannins and phenols, and structural resistance in the form of epidermal thickness and the number of stomata. However, salicylic acid does not affect the growth of rice plants.
Nutrient digestibility, intake rate, and performance of Indonesian native cattle breeds fed rice straw ammoniation and concentrate
Authors: Bata Muhamad , Rahayu Sri , Aris Rimbawanto Efka 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Native beef cattle breeds in Indonesia such as Bali Timor (BT), Bali Flores (BF), Madura (M), and Sumba Ongole (SO) come from different regions with different types of feed because of the different environmental ecosystems. This situation results in native cattle breeds having different microbial compositions and functions. The purpose of this study was to find native cattle breeds fed ammoniated rice straw and concentrate having the highest productivity and feed efficiency. The material used was four native beef cattle breeds with a weight of 210-250 kg and age of 3.5-3.7 years. There were ten for each native cattle and they were fed concentrate and ammoniated rice straw. The amount of concentrate fed was 2% of body weight, while ammoniated rice straw was prepared ad libitum. Randomized Block Design with an initial body weight of cattle as a group was used in this research. Covariance analysis showed that the breed of native cattle had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed efficiency (FE), digestibility of dry matter (DMD), organic matter (OMD), neutral detergent fiber (DNDF), acid detergent fiber (DADF) and gross energy (DGE). BF cattle were higher (P <0.05) in nutrient digestibility compared to the other three local cattle breeds and among the three breeds had relatively similar (P > 0.05). In contrast to nutrient digestibility, ADG of SO and M cattle were higher (P < 0.05) followed by BF and BT cattle, respectively. The FC of BT and BF cattle were similar (P > 0.05), but it was high (P < 0.05) compared to M and SO cattle. The conclusion is SO and M cattle have good ability when fattened using ammoniated rice straw and concentrate.
Functional properties of hydrothermally modified lesser yam (Dioscorea esculenta) starch
Authors: Ayuningtyas Laksmi Putri , Benita Ashri Mukti , Triastuti Desy 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Lesser yam (Dioscorea esculenta L.) is a potential starch source that can be found easily in Indonesia but has limitations in its application due to its characteristics. For this reason, native lesser yam starch was modified to improve its functional properties. The hydrothermal modification was chosen because it is safe and environmentally friendly. The hydrothermal modifications used in this research were Heat Moisture Treatment (HMT) and Annealing (ANN). This work aims to increase the use of local tubers as an alternative starch source and to study the effect of hydrothermal modification on the functional properties of lesser yam starch such as swelling power, solubility, and freeze-thaw stability. HMT was carried out using 3 moisture levels (20%, 25%, 30%) and 3 heating time levels (4h, 8h, 16h). ANN using 3 starch and water ratio levels (1:2; 1:3; 1:5) and 3 heating time levels (6h, 8h, 10h). The results indicated that swelling power and solubility decreased with the increasing moisture level in HMT and ANN in general, but have various effects in syneresis depend on moisture level and heating time. HMT modified starch prepared at 25% moisture level and 4h heating time and ANN modified starch prepared at starch: water ratio 1:3 and heating time 10h is concluded to be the best choice for food product application especially thermally stable need food product.
Extraction time optimization of antibacterial activities of kecombrang flower extract with microwave assisted extraction (MAE) method
Authors: Naufalin R , Erminawati  , Herliya N , Latifasari N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Kecombrang belongs to the Zingiberaceae group and is a type of spice plant that has long been used as a cooking ingredient. This research was conducted to determine the effect of optimal power and extraction time on the antibacterial activity of kecombrang flower extract using the microwave assisted extraction (MAE) method. This research is an experimental research type with the experimental design used is Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Central Composite Design (CCD) using the Design Expert application ver 10. The factors studied were the extraction power with 3 levels, namely 200, 250, 300 watts and extraction time consisting of 3 levels, namely 3, 5, 7 minutes. Based on these 2 factors, there are 13 optimization formulas. The variables observed consisted of qualitative analysis, namely phytochemicals (alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids and triterpenoids, tannins, phenol hydroquinone, and glycosides), antibacterial activity, and extract characteristics (pH, color). The results showed the optimum conditions for inhibitory zone of Escherichia coli 8.256 mm and Staphylococcus aureus 7.987 mm. The qualitative test results showed that the kecombrang flower positively contained alkaloid compounds, flavonoids, saponins, triterpenoids, tannins, phenol hydroquinone, and glycosides.