bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SI‐EDTL: Swarm intelligence ensemble deep transfer learning for multiple vehicle detection inUAVimages
Authors: Ghasemi Darehnaei Zeinab , Shokouhifar Mohammad , Yazdanjouei Hossein , Rastegar Fatemi Seyed Mohammad Jalal 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article proposes a swarm intelligence ensemble deep transfer learning (named SI‐EDTL) for multiple vehicle detection in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images. This method is based on Faster regional‐based convolutional neural networks (Faster R‐CNN), in which, a set of region proposals are extracted using region proposal network (RPN), and then, CNN is used to mine highly descriptive features of these windows to classify regions. We use three Faster R‐CNNs as feature extractors (InceptionV3, ResNet50, and GoogLeNet) that have already pre‐trained on ImageNet data, combined with five transfer classifiers (KNN, SVM, MLP, C4.5 Decision Tree, and Naïve Bayes). As a result, 15 different base learners are trained through deep transfer learning on a UAV dataset to classify the region proposals into multiple vehicles (car, van, truck, and bus). We combine these 15 base learners through a weighted averaging aggregation into four vehicle classes or no vehicle (background). Hyperparameters of the ensemble model are tuned using whale optimization algorithm, to achieve the best trade‐off between total accuracy, precision, and recall. The proposed SI‐EDTL model has been successfully developed using parallel processing in MATLAB R2020b. Experimental results on AU‐AIR dataset of UAV images demonstrate the superiority of the SI‐EDTL model against existing techniques.
The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy upon weight management and psychological well‐being of adults with overweight or obesity: A systematic review
Authors: Iturbe Idoia , Echeburúa Enrique , Maiz Edurne 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSeveral studies have examined acceptance and commitment therapy's (ACT) effectiveness for addressing physical and psychological distress people with obesity can face. Nevertheless, no review focusing specifically on ACT analysing randomized controlled trials (RCT) has been done up to date in this field. The present systematic review was developed following the PRISMA statement and aimed to examine ACT's effects on weight management and psychological well‐being of adults with overweight or obesity. A conjunction of keywords related to ACT and excess weight was searched in four databases (Medline, PubMed, Psycinfo and Scopus) for articles meeting inclusion criteria. The literature search yielded 2,074 papers, and 16 were included in the review, finally. In 71.43% of the studies, ACT was effective to enhance psychological well‐being; in 50% effectively targeted process variables and health behaviours related to weight management; in 31.82% of studies, physical variables were improved; and 21.38% of studies showed evidence in favour of ACT for eating behaviour modification. The present review supports ACT for promoting emotional aspects of individuals immersed in such weight‐related battles and highlights the benefits of psychological well‐being‐oriented ACT in the context of obesity treatment. More studies targeting psychological well‐being primarily and with longer follow‐ups are required.
Electrified Conversion of Contaminated Water to Value: Selective Conversion of Aqueous Nitrate to Ammonia in a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Cell
Authors: Bunea Sorin , Clemens Kevin , Urakawa Atsushi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe application of a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolytic cell for continuous conversion of nitrate, one of the contaminants in water, to ammonia at the cathode was explored in the present work. Among carbon‐supported metal (Cu, Ru, Rh and Pd) electrocatalysts, the Ru‐based catalyst showed the best performance. By suppressing the competing hydrogen evolution reaction at the cathode, it was possible to reach 94 % faradaic efficiency for nitrate reduction towards ammonium. It was important to match the rate of the anodic reaction with the cathodic reaction to achieve high faradaic efficiency. By recirculating the effluent stream, 93 % nitrate conversion was achieved in 8 h of constant current electrolysis at 10 mA cm−2 current density. The presented approach offers a promising path towards precious NH3 production from nitrate‐containing water that needs purification or can be obtained after capture of gaseous NOx pollutants into water, leading to waste‐to‐value conversion.
Optimal precoders and power splitting factors in multiuser multiple‐input multiple‐output cognitive decode‐and‐forward relay systems with wireless energy harvesting
Authors: Hoang Kha Ha 
Published: November 2021

SummaryThis paper considers an underlay cognitive radio (CR) wireless network with the assistance of a two‐hop decode‐and‐forward (DF) relay node. Different from the conventional CR relay networks, in this paper, the relay node using power‐splitting (PS) techniques harvests wireless energy transmitted from the secondary base station (SBS) and, then, uses its harvested energy to forward the received signals to multiple secondary receive users (SRUs). Due to the highly mutual dependence of the transmission strategies at nodes on the system performance, the optimal design of signal processing at transceivers to efficiently handle the interference and energy constraints is crucial. This paper studies the jointly optimal design of the precoders, PS factors to maximize the minimum user rate under the transmit power, harvested energy, and interference power constraints. Owing to the nonlinearly and mutually coupled design matrix variables in both objective function and constraints, the joint design of the precoders and PS factors for the concerned problem is mathematically challenging. To tackle these difficulties, we devise the appropriate surrogate functions to recast the nonconvex optimization problem into the convex one. By using the minorization–maximization framework, an efficient iterative algorithm with provable convergence is developed by solving the convex optimization problem in each iteration. Numerical results are provided to evaluate the achievable user rate performance of the considered system and investigate the effects of the interference power thresholds at the primary receive users and the number of antennas at the SBS and the relay on the minimum achievable user rate.
Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes/4,4′‐Dihydroxybiphenyl Nanolayered Composite for Voltammetric Detection of Phenol
Authors: Narouie S. , Rounaghi G. H. , Saravani H. , Shahbakhsh M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper reports the preparation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes/4,4′‐dihydroxybiphenyl (MWCNTs‐DHB) nanolayered composite as a new modifier for modification of carbon paste electrode (CPE/MWCNTs‐DHB). CPE/MWCNTs‐DHB shows linear responses for phenol in the concentrations range of 0.04–220 μM with a current sensitivity of 0.67 μA μM−1 and a detection limit of 8.0 nM (S/N=3). The electrode shows high selectivity, good repeatability (RSD=4.1 %), excellent reproducibility (RSD=3.5 %), and acceptable stability (91.2 % over one‐month storage). Moreover, the modified CPE exhibits appreciable recoveries (93.0–104.0 %) indicating its acceptable performance for determination of phenol in tap and river water samples.
The eigen higher criticism and eigen Berk–Jones tests for multiple trait association studies based on GWAS summary statistics
Authors: Liu Wei , Xu Yuyang , Wang Anqi , Huang Tao , Liu Zhonghua 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this article, we propose the eigen higher criticism and the eigen Berk–Jones testing procedures to test the association between a single genetic variant and multiple correlated traits based on summary statistics from single‐trait genome‐wide association studies. Since the association pattern between each genetic variant and multiple traits varies across the whole genome, we further develop an omnibus (OMNI) test using the aggregated Cauchy association test to achieve more robust performance. The p values of our proposed tests can be computed analytically, thus, our methods are appealing in large‐scale multiple phenotype association studies. Through extensive simulation studies, we found that all of our proposed tests can maintain the correct type I error rates and our proposed tests have greater power in certain settings. In addition, the OMNI test can always provide robust power performance across a wide range of scenarios. We apply the proposed tests to the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium summary statistics data set and identify additional genetic variants that were missed by the original single‐trait analyses. We also develop an R package EBMMT publicly available at https://github.com/Vivian-Liu-Wei64/EBMMT.
Functional swallowing outcomes related to radiation exposure to dysphagia and aspiration‐related structures in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing definitive and postoperative intensity‐modulated radiotherapy
Authors: Charters Emma , Bogaardt Hans , Clark Jonathan , Milross Chris , Freeman‐Sanderson Amy , Ballard Kirrie , Britton Rafe , McCabe Natalie , Davis Hannah , Sullivan Tom , Wu Raymond 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe relationship between swallowing outcomes and radiotherapy dose to dysphagia and aspiration‐related structures (DARS) may be different following definitive versus postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) for mucosal head and neck cancer (HNC) and has not been well‐studied.MethodPatient‐ and clinician‐reported swallowing measures were prospectively collected at six time points from baseline to 24 months postradiotherapy HNC. Radiotherapy plans were retrospectively analyzed to assess dose delivered to DARS. The association between swallowing outcomes and participant demographics, tumor characteristics, and radiotherapy dose in definitive and postoperative treatment cohorts was assessed.ResultsNinety‐three participants who received radiotherapy for HNC were included in the analysis (n = 49 definitive radiotherapy for laryngeal/pharyngeal primary tumors and n = 44 postoperative PORT for predominantly oral cavity/salivary gland tumors). Participants undergoing PORT had lower doses to DARS than those undergoing definitive RT. High dose to the pharyngeal constrictors and base of tongue for definitive RT and the esophageal inlet, supraglottic larynx and cervical esophagus for the PORT group were associated with worse swallowing function.ConclusionRadiation dose to DARS is associated with post‐treatment swallowing outcomes. These dose/outcome relationships may vary between the definitive and postoperative settings.
Oral squamous cell carcinoma outcome in adolescent/young adult: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kaminagakura Estela , Tango Rubens Nisie , Cruz‐Perez Danyel , Bonan Roberta , Yamamoto de Almeida Luciana , de Almeida Lança Maria Letícia , Bonan Paulo , Martins Hélder , Takahama Ademar , Ito Fábio Augusto , Coutinho‐Camillo Cláudia Malheiros , Lourenço Silvia Vanessa , Caneppele Taciana , Sikora Andrew G. , Kowalski Luiz Paulo , Young Simon 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo perform a systematic review focusing on the prognosis of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in young patients (≤40 years old) compared to older (>40 years old). Four databases were used in our search strategy. First, all titles were systematically organized using the Covidence platform online. In the second phase, 118 full texts of potentially eligible studies were analyzed by reviewers independently and in pairs. Twelve studies were considered eligible for data extraction. The relapse was higher in the young than in controls (pooled relative risk (RR) = 1.31; 95% CI [1.10–1.56]). The 5‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) was worse in young group (pooled hazard ratio (HR) = 0.73; 95% CI [0.63–0.85]) but the 5‐year overall survival (OS) estimate was similar between the groups (pooled HR = 0.84; 95% CI [0.70–1.00]). While the 5‐year OS was similar between groups, the number of relapses and 5‐year DFS were worse in patients with OSCC ≤40 years old.
Self‐reported behaviour change among multiple sclerosis community members and interested laypeople following participation in a free online course about multiple sclerosis
Authors: Claflin Suzi B. , Mainsbridge Casey , Campbell Julie , Klekociuk Shannon , Taylor Bruce V. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIssue addressedEvaluated the impact of Understanding Multiple Sclerosis (MS) massive open online course, which was intended to increase understanding and awareness about MS, on self‐reported health behaviour change.MethodsObservational cohort study evaluating pre‐ (baseline) and post‐course (8‐10‐week follow‐up) survey data. The main study outcomes were self‐reported health behaviour change, change type and measurable improvement. We also collected participant characteristic data (eg, age, physical activity). We compared participants who reported health behaviour change at follow‐up to those who did not and compared those who improved with those who did not using chi square and t tests. Participant characteristics, change types and change improvement were described descriptively.ResultsA total of N = 560 course completers were included in this study. The study cohort included MS community members (eg, people with MS, health care providers) and nonmembers. Two hundred and forty‐seven (44.1%) reported behaviour change in ≥1 area at follow‐up, 160 (64.8%) reported a measurable change and, of these, 109 (68.1%) showed improvement. Participants who reported a change and those who improved had significantly lower precourse health behaviours and characteristics (eg, quality of life, diet quality). The most reported change types were knowledge, exercise/physical activity, diet and care practice.ConclusionUnderstanding MS encourages health behaviour change among course completers, primarily through the provision of information and goal‐setting activities and discussions.So what?An online education intervention can effectively encourage health behaviour change over an 8‐10‐week follow‐up period. Information provision, including both scientific evidence and lived experience, and goal‐setting activities and discussions are the primary mechanisms underpinning that change.
Explaining civic engagement: The role of neighborhood ties, place attachment, and civic responsibility
Authors: Dang Lisa , Seemann Ann‐Kathrin , Lindenmeier Jörg , Saliterer Iris 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study examines whether neighborhood ties (comprising neighborhood trust and neighborhood friendship), place attachment, and civic responsibility influence a person's decision to engage in neighborly civic activities. Three personality traits were added to the model as potential moderators: egoism, altruism, and fear of negative evaluation. Using data from a survey of German citizens (n = 610), the structural equation model adopted revealed that place attachment and civic responsibility (partially) mediate the effect of neighborhood trust (neighborhood friendship) on local civic engagement intention. Furthermore, egoism negatively moderates the relationship between civic responsibility and engagement intention.
Serum Meteorin‐like is associated with weight loss in the elderly patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Cai Juan , Wang Qi‐Ming , Li Jia‐Wen , Xu Fan , Bu Yun‐Ling , Wang Man , Lu Xiang , Gao Wei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundUnintentional weight loss (cachexia) has been associated with poor outcomes in chronic heart failure (CHF). Meteorin‐like (Metrnl) is a novel myokine with protective effects on cardiovascular diseases. However, the change of Metrnl concentrations and its role in elderly patients with CHF remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of serum Metrnl with weight loss and outcomes in elderly patients with CHF.MethodsA total of 931 consecutive elderly patients (aged 60 years and older) with CHF and 135 age‐matched and sex‐matched control subjects were enrolled. Serum Metrnl concentration was measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Body weight was measured at baseline and 12 months.ResultsMedian of serum Metrnl levels was lower in CHF patients when compared with controls [201.31 (184.95–261.16) pg/mL vs. 168.68 (103.15–197.54) pg/mL, P < 0.001]. Patients with the lowest levels of Metrnl had higher N‐terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) levels but lower left ventricular eject fraction (LVEF) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (P < 0.001). Lower serum Metrnl was associated with a higher risk of >5% weight loss from baseline to 12 months [odds ratio = 6.13, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.57–14.62 per log decrease; P < 0.001]. Serum Metrnl levels were decreased as LVEF decreased (P < 0.001) and were positively correlated with LVEF (r = 0.267, P < 0.001) but negatively correlated with NT‐proBNP levels (r = −0.257, P < 0.001). Cox regression analysis suggested that lower serum Metrnl was associated with higher cardiovascular mortality [hazard ratio (HR) = 6.71, 95% CI = 3.41–13.18 per log decrease; P < 0.001], CHF rehospitalization (HR = 3.07, 95% CI = 1.82–5.17 per log decrease; P < 0.001), and the combined major adverse cardiac event(s) (MACEs) (HR = 5.38, 95% CI = 3.51–8.25 per log decrease; P < 0.001). The Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed that low concentration of Metrnl was a prognostic indicator of MACEs in patients with CHF.ConclusionsOur study suggests that lower serum Metrnl level is correlated with weight loss and the severity of cardiac dysfunction in elderly patients with CHF.
Current approaches to HIV vaccine development: a narrative review
Authors: Kim Jiae , Vasan Sandhya , Kim Jerome H. , Ake Julie A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe development of an effective vaccine to protect against HIV is a longstanding global health need complicated by challenges inherent to HIV biology and to the execution of vaccine efficacy testing in the context of evolving biomedical prevention interventions. This review describes lessons learnt from previous efficacy trials, highlights unanswered questions, and surveys new approaches in vaccine development addressing these gaps.MethodsWe conducted a targeted peer‐reviewed literature search of articles and conference abstracts from 1989 through 2021 for HIV vaccine studies and clinical trials. The US National Library of Medicine's Clinical Trials database was accessed to further identify clinical trials involving HIV vaccines. The content of the review was also informed by the authors’ own experience and engagement with collaborators in HIV vaccine research.DiscussionThe HIV vaccine field has successfully developed multiple vaccine platforms through advanced clinical studies; however, the modest efficacy signal of the RV144 Thai trial remains the only demonstration of HIV vaccine protection in humans. Current vaccine strategies include prime‐boost strategies to improve elicitation of immune correlates derived from RV144, combination mosaic antigens, novel viral vectors, antigens designed to elicit broadly neutralizing antibody, new nucleic acid platforms and potent adjuvants to enhance immunogenicity across multiple classes of emerging vaccine candidates.ConclusionsHIV vaccine developers have applied lessons learnt from previous successes and failures to innovative vaccine design approaches. These strategies have yielded novel mosaic antigen constructs now in efficacy testing, produced a diverse pipeline of early‐stage immunogens and novel adjuvants, and advanced the field towards a globally effective HIV vaccine.
Broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies for HIV prevention
Authors: Miner Maurine D. , Corey Lawrence , Montefiori David 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe last 12 years have seen remarkable progress in the isolation and characterization of at least five different epitope classes of HIV‐specific broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). Detailed analyses of these bnAb lineages, maturation pathways and epitopes have created new opportunities for vaccine development. In addition, interest exists in passive administration of monoclonal antibodies as a viable option for HIV prevention.DiscussionRecently, two antibody‐mediated prevention (AMP) trials of a passively administered monoclonal antibody targeting the HIV envelope CD4 binding site, called VRC01, provided proof‐of‐concept that monoclonal antibody infusion could offer protection against HIV acquisition. While the trials failed to show overall protection against HIV acquisition, sub‐analyses revealed that VRC01 infusion provided a 75% prevention efficacy against HIV strains that were susceptible to the antibody. The study also demonstrated that in vitro neutralizing activity, measured by the TZM‐bl/pseudovirus assay, was able to predict HIV prevention efficacy in humans. In addition, the AMP trials defined a threshold protective concentration, or neutralization titer, for the VRC01 class of bnAbs, explaining the observed low overall efficacy and serving as a benchmark for the clinical testing of new bnAbs, bnAb cocktails and neutralizing antibody‐inducing vaccines. Newer bnAbs that exhibit greater potency and breadth of neutralization in vitro than VRC01 are available for clinical testing. Combinations of best‐in‐class bnAbs with complementary magnitude, breadth and extent of complete neutralization are predicted to far exceed the prevention efficacy of VRC01. Some engineered bi‐ and trispecific mAbs exhibit similar desirable neutralizing activity and afford advantages for manufacturing and delivery. Modifications that prolong the serum half‐life and improve genital tissue persistence offer additional advantages.ConclusionsIterative phase 1 trials are acquiring safety and pharmacokinetic data on dual and triple bnAbs and bi‐ and trispecific antibodies in preparation for future AMP studies that seek to translate findings from the VRC01 efficacy trials and achieve acceptable levels of overall prevention efficacy.
Withers height estimation in medieval horse samples from Poland: Comparing the internal cranial cavity‐based modified Wyrost and Kucharczyk method with existing methods
Authors: Chrószcz Aleksander , Baranowski Piotr , Janowski Andrzej , Poradowski Dominik , Janeczek Maciej , Onar Vedat , Sudoł Beata , Spychalski Przemysław , Dudek Agnieszka , Sienkiewicz Waldemar , Czerski Albert 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHorse withers height is frequently estimated based on skeletal remains during archeozoological analyses. The routinely used methods (Vitt and Kiesewalter) do not allow withers height estimation without complete long bone and skull osteometry. The modified Wyrost and Kucharczyk formula is based on the internal dimensions of the cranial cavity. This method can be used even when the neurocranium is the only surviving portion of the skull. Earlier investigation demonstrated that it can be used as a substitute for the Kiesewalter method. The statistical analyses of the results achieved using metapodial bones are strongly correlated with the results achieved using the Wyrost and Kucharczyk method. A unique horse skull assemblage, dating back to medieval times, was unearthed from several archeological sites in Poland (Silesia, Kuyavia, Grater Poland, Western Pomerania, and Eastern Pomerania). This study aimed to estimate the withers height of this assemblage using the modified Wyrost and Kucharczyk method. Subsequently, these estimations were compared with accessible literature data from both medieval Poland and surrounding territories. The literature indicates that the horses from Western Pomerania, Silesia, and Kuyavia were larger than the animals from Eastern Pomerania. Our results show that horses from Western Pomerania were larger than those from Silesia, Kuyavia, and Eastern Pomerania. In both cases, the Western Pomeranian horses are the largest. In general, according to our results and the accessible literature, it seems true that Polish medieval horse populations can be described as medium‐ and small‐sized, according to Vitt's classification. The modified Wyrost and Kucharczyk formula can be used as an additional or alternative method of calculating withers height in routine archeozoological studies.