bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pre‐anaesthetic clinical examination influences anaesthetic protocol in dogs undergoing general anaesthesia and sedation
Authors: Louro L. F. , Maddox T. , Robson K. , Alderson B. 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesIdentify whether pre‐anaesthetic clinical examination influences anaesthetic and analgesic agents and techniques protocol in dogs presented for general anaesthesia and sedation at a large referral hospital.Materials and MethodsIn this prospective clinical audit, 554 dogs, undergoing general anaesthesia or sedation for surgical, diagnostic or imaging procedures were included. Multiple attending anaesthetists completed a questionnaire divided into four sections (American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification, anaesthetic and analgesic agents and techniques protocol, pre‐anaesthetic clinical examination findings and changes made to the anaesthetic protocol). The attending anaesthetist was able to review the patient's history before planning the anaesthetic and analgesic agents and techniques protocol. The patients were examined and changes in American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification or anaesthetic protocol were recorded.ResultsThe initial anaesthetic and analgesic agents and techniques protocol was altered in 23.3% (n=129/554) of cases following a pre‐anaesthetic clinical examination, but American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status reclassification occurred in only 8.0% (n=37/464) of cases. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that pre‐anaesthetic clinical examination performed by European College of Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia diplomates (odds ratio 5.8, 95% confidence interval 2.0 to 17.2), compared to anaesthesia interns, and the presence of an audible heart murmur (odds ratio 2.4, 95% confidence interval 1.4 to 4.4) were factors linked to changes in anaesthetic and analgesic agents and techniques protocol, whereas for each one kilogram increase in patient's weight, the odds of a change in anaesthetic and analgesic agents and techniques protocol to occur decreased by 1.7% (odds ratio 0.98, 95% confidence interval 0.97 to 1.0).Clinical SignificancePre‐anaesthetic clinical examination has impact on American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification, therefore estimation of patient's anaesthetic risk, and influences anaesthetic and analgesic agents and techniques protocol choice.
Retrospective study of gross and histopathologic lesions associated with closed chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation in dogs
Authors: Quesada J. , Londoño L. , Buckley G. J. , Dark M. J. , Colee J. C. , Farina L. L. 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesTo investigate and characterise the incidence of iatrogenic complications secondary to closed chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation in dogs.Materials and MethodsNecropsy reports and histologic sections of tissues were retrospectively examined from 180 dogs that had received closed chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation to determine lesions associated with resuscitation.ResultsThe most common complication was pulmonary haemorrhage (81/163, 49.7%, 95% confidence interval: 42.1 to 57.3), although only nine dogs had pulmonary haemorrhage of at least moderate severity. Liver fractures occurred in 16 of 180 cases (8.9%, 95% confidence interval: 5.5 to 14.0). Blood loss of >15% of blood volume into the abdomen and/or thorax occurred in 13 of 180 cases (7.2%, 95% confidence interval: 4.2 to 12.1).Clinical SignificanceSignificant haemorrhage secondary to cardiopulmonary resuscitation may decrease the chances of achieving the return of spontaneous circulation or may cause or compound ischemic damage to critical organs if the return of spontaneous circulation is achieved. Following successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation, animals should be screened for cavitary or pulmonary haemorrhage, as significant haemorrhage could be a factor in recurrence of cardiac arrest.
Natural resource abundance, nonresource taxation, and corruption: An illustration from developing Latin American countries
Authors: Lee Seungho , Kim Chong‐Sup 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhy is corruption so prevalent in the majority of developing Latin American countries? While there are several forces driving it, this article focuses on its links to natural‐resource endowment. We present empirical evidence based on a panel dataset of 103 developing countries from 1996 to 2016, suggesting that there is an overall positive relationship between natural‐resource abundance and corruption. What, then, explains the divergent performances of resource‐rich developing economies in the region in terms of corruption? We argue that the workings of a social contract mechanism between the state and citizens mediate the resource–corruption relationship. This article identifies the ability of the state to tax the nonresource sector as a crucial component of such a mechanism, through which the unfavorable effects of natural‐resource abundance on corruption can be alleviated to a certain extent. Finally, our country studies suggest that the direct components of nonresource tax revenues do more to condition the resource–corruption linkage than the indirect components.
Adolescent birth and child undernutrition: an analysis of demographic and health surveys in Bangladesh, 1996–2017
Authors: Nguyen Phuong Hong , Scott Samuel , Khuong Long Quynh , Pramanik Priyanjana , Ahmed Akhter , Rashid Sabina Faiz , Afsana Kaosar , Menon Purnima 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAdolescent birth is a major global concern owing to its adverse effects on maternal and child health. We assessed trends in adolescent birth and examined its associations with child undernutrition in Bangladesh using data from seven rounds of Demographic and Health Surveys (1996–2017, n = 12,006 primiparous women with living children <5 years old). Adolescent birth (10–19 years old) declined slowly, from 84% in 1996 to 71% in 2017. Compared with adult mothers (≥20 years old), young adolescent mothers (10–15 years old) were more likely to be underweight (+11 pp), have lower education (−24 pp), have less decision‐making power (−10 pp), live in poorer households (−0.9 SD) with poorer sanitation (−15 pp), and have poorer feeding practices (10 pp), and were less likely to access health and nutrition services (−3 to −24 pp). In multivariable regressions controlled for known determinants of child undernutrition, children born to adolescents had lower height‐for‐age Z‐scores (−0.29 SD for young and −0.10 SD for old adolescents (16–19 years old)), weight‐for‐age Z‐score (−0.18 and −0.06 SD, respectively) as well as higher stunting (5.9 pp) and underweight (6.0 pp) than those born to adults. In conclusion, birth during adolescence, a common occurrence in Bangladesh, is associated with child undernutrition. Policies and programs to address poverty and improve women's education can help delay marriage, reduce early childbearing, and improve child growth.
Influence of the practice of sports, sleep disorders, and habits on probable sleep bruxism in children with mixed dentition
Authors: Leal Tiago Ribeiro , de Lima Larissa Chaves Morais , Perazzo Matheus França , Neves Érick Tássio Barbosa , Paiva Saul Martins , Serra‐Negra Júnia Maria Cheib , Ferreira Fernanda Morais , Granville‐Garcia Ana Flávia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveInvestigate the association between sleep disorders and probable sleep bruxism (SB) in children eight to ten years of age.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted with 739 schoolchildren in Brazil. Parents/guardians answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, the sleep disturbance scale for children, and the Circadian Energy Scale. Parafunctional habits were evaluated using the Nordic Orofacial Test‐Screening. Multivariate logistic regression was performed (α = 5%), and a directed acyclic graph was used in the statistical model.ResultsThe prevalence of probable SB was 9.1% and 58.6% of the children had sleep disorders. In the final model, having unmarried parents/guardians (OR = 1.98; 95% CI: 1.07–3.65), exhibiting parafunctional habits (OR = 2.02; CI: 1.01–4.06), not practicing sports (OR = 1.92; CI: 1.04–3.54), sleep‐wake transition disorders (SWTD) (OR = 2.01; 95%CI: 1.12–3.62), and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) (OR = 2.17; 95%CI: 1.11–4.29) were significant associated with probable SB.ConclusionThe occurrence of probable sleep bruxism was influenced by the marital status of the parents/guardians, parafunctional habits, the non‐practice of sports, and sleep disturbance (SWTD and EDS). This research contributes to the planning of public policies that include educational regimens at school to prevent sleep disorders and favor the reduction in sleep bruxism prevalence.
When less is more: The perception of psychotherapy techniques as a function of patient personality disorder
Authors: Lipsitz‐Odess Ilana , Fisher Hadar , Kartaginer Ori , Leibovich Liat , Zilcha‐Mano Sigal 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivePsychopathology research suggests that individuals with higher levels of personality disorder (PD) traits, especially those with a comorbid major depressive disorder (MDD), tend to be highly aroused in interpersonal contexts, manifested by an intensified perception of interpersonal interactions. Little is known about the way this tendency manifests in the process of psychotherapy. The current study explored the patient's perception of techniques in psychotherapy among patients with higher vs. lower levels of PD, as well as the patient–therapist agreement on techniques used.DesignThe study used an integration of qualitative and quantitative methodology on data from a randomized controlled trial (RCT) for the treatment of depression.MethodSixty‐nine patients with MDD participated in the study and were evaluated for PD symptoms prior to treatment. A set of multilevel analyses were conducted to assess the association between PD and perception of techniques, as well as a zoom‐in exploration within a case study.ResultsPatients with higher levels of PD reported more techniques implemented by the therapist than patients with lower levels. In addition, the agreement between patient and therapist on techniques was lower, such that patients with PDs reported more techniques than their therapist. The case study supported these findings and illustrates the potential for patients with PDs to perceive a greater use of techniques as a sign of therapist investment.ConclusionConsistent with psychopathology research, the findings suggest that patients with PDs tend to experience techniques as more intense than the therapist, in comparison with patients without PD.Practitioner points

There are indications that patients with higher levels of personality disorder traits will tend to experience the techniques in psychotherapy in a more intense manner than patients with lower level personality disorder traits.

It is likely that patients with higher levels of personality disorder traits will experience their therapists as more active than therapists think they are.

Therapists of patients with higher levels of personality disorders should be sensitive of each of their patients’ experiences.

As the case study demonstrated at least in some cases patients with higher levels of personality disorder may experience the techniques in an intense manner as a sign of therapist investment, however, other patients may experience this differently. Therefore, it is crucial for the therapist to be aware of how the patient experienced the encounter – investment or intrusiveness.
Platelets inhibit erythrocyte invasion by Plasmodium falciparum at physiological platelet:erythrocyte ratios
Authors: Jongruamklang Philaiphon , Rebetz Johan , Kapur Rick , Persson Kristina E. M. , Olsson Martin L. , Semple John W. , Storry Jill R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of platelet:erythrocyte (P:E) ratios on Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte invasion.BackgroundRecent reports have shown that platelets are directly involved in the immune response towards P. falciparum during erythrocyte invasion. However, the literature both supports and conflicts with a role for platelets in limiting invasion. Also, the effect of platelet numbers on invasion (parasitemia) has not been thoroughly investigated.Methods/materialsThe P. falciparum strains FCR3S1.2 and W2mef were cultured with group O erythrocytes. The cultures were synchronised and supplemented with pooled platelets at P:E ratios ranging from 1:100 to 1:2. Parasitemia was measured at 40 h by flow cytometry and by microscopy of blood smears.ResultsA linear relationship was observed between reduced invasion and increased platelet numbers at P:E ratios ranging from 1:100 to 1:20. However, this effect was reversed at lower ratios (1:10–1:2). Microscopic evaluation revealed aggregation and attachment of platelets to erythrocytes, but not specifically to parasitised erythrocytes.ConclusionWe have shown that under physiological P:E ratios (approx. 1:10–1:40), platelets inhibited P. falciparum invasion in a dose‐dependent manner. At ratios of 1:10 and below, platelets did not further increase the inhibitory effect and, although the trend was reversed, inhibition was still maintained.
Conversion factors to derive organ doses for canine subjects undergoing CT examinations
Authors: Yoon James , Lee Choonsik 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlthough a large number of CT scans are being conducted on small animals, especially in Western countries, little is known of absorbed dose from veterinary CT scans. In the current retrospective analytical study, we estimated the radiation dose delivered to dogs from CT scans with various scan protocols and compared the results with those of human patients. We adopted a total of three computerized canine models with three sizes combined with a computer simulation model of a CT scanner. The eyes of the dog model received the greatest dose, 1.10 mGy/mGy, in the head scan, followed by a brain dose of 0.85 mGy/mGy. In the chest, abdomen‐pelvis (AP), chest‐abdomen‐pelvis, and head‐chest‐abdomen‐pelvis scans, the heart wall (0.93 mGy/mGy), ovaries (0.99 mGy/mGy), lungs (1.12 mGy/mGy), and thyroid (1.23 mGy/mGy) received the greatest organ doses, respectively. The smallest dog model received up to 1.4‐fold greater organ doses than the largest dog in both the chest and AP scans. Overall, the medium‐size canine model received organ doses comparable to those of the 1‐year‐old child model in the head scan, the 5‐year‐old child in chest scan, and the 10‐year‐old child in AP scan. The organ dose conversion factors derived from this study should help evaluate absorbed dose for canine patients undergoing CT exams.
The “quality” of JBI qualitative research synthesis: a methodological investigation into the adherence of meta-aggregative systematic reviews to reporting standards and methodological guidance
Authors: Munn Zachary , Dias Mafalda , Tufanaru Catalin , Porritt Kylie , Stern Cindy , Jordan Zoe , Aromataris Edoardo , Pearson Alan 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Approaches to the synthesis of qualitative research have existed for more than 20 years and have evolved significantly during that time. One common approach is meta-aggregation, as advocated by JBI. There is now a considerable number of published reviews that claim to follow the JBI approach to meta-aggregation. This methodological review sought to determine the extent to which a selection of these reviews follow the available guidance, with a view to establishing compliance and identifying potential areas for improvement.

Methods:
The JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports (JBISRIR) was searched from 2015 to 2017 to identify all qualitative systematic reviews following the JBI approach. Citations were screened by two independent reviewers, and data extraction was conducted independently by at least two reviewers. Eligible reviews were then assessed against the JBI methodological guidance and ENTREQ statement to determine compliance.

Results:
From the search, 33 health care–related reviews that met the inclusion criteria were identified. Several areas were identified where reviewers consistently made errors or did not clearly report their findings, including study screening and selection issues (particularly how this was done and by whom), transparent rationale for study exclusion, who performed data extraction and how, processes for developing synthesized findings, and the development and presentation of recommendations.

Conclusion:
Although qualitative synthesis has come a long way, there are still some areas for improvement in conduct and reporting. This has implications for those who develop guidance and provide education to systematic reviewers.
Single Nodal Diameter Excitation of Turbine Blades: Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Hoffmann Thomas , Panning-von Scheidt Lars , Wallaschek Jörg 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Validating simulation results of vibrating turbine blades relies on measurements of realistic or academic cyclic structures on special test rigs. In real operation the blades are excited mainly by aerodynamic forces. For measurements of blade vibration on special test rigs, the excitation should be well known. It is desirable to use excitation spectra that consist of only a few engine order excitations. Especially for nonlinear systems, unwanted excitation orders can possibly lead to nonlinear effects which may interfere with the measurement. To separate different engine orders, an innovative electromagnetic excitation device was developed at the institution to overcome the aforementioned problems. The excitation force spectrum is controlled by a variable air gap over the circumference between device and blade. Any desired engine order excitation can be realized. Additionally, by varying the devices coil current in a harmonic fashion, frequency sweeps at constant speed can be performed. In this paper an extensive study of the excitation force spectrum of the device is conducted. Therefore, theoretical investigations of the expectable spectrum are given under simultaneous variation of air gap geometry and excitation current. These predictions are then validated by experiments featuring a small, academic bladed disk. The vibrations of the blades are measured. The device promises to create well predictable and controllable excitation force spectra which will improve the validation strategy in particular of non-linear simulation tools for the prediction of turbine blade vibrations.
Time-Resolved Endoscopic Evaluation of Spatial Temperature and Soot Distribution in a Butanol-Diesel Blend Fueled Direct Injection Compression Ignition Engine
Authors: Agarwal Avinash Kumar , Jiotode Yeshudas , Sharma Nikhil 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In situ spatial soot and temperature distributions were investigated experimentally for B20 (20% v/v butanol and balance mineral diesel blend) vis-a-vis mineral diesel using endoscopic visualization technique. Endoscope captured the in-cylinder combustion images in a production-grade direct injection compression ignition (DICI) engine at varying engine operating conditions. A comparative combustion data analysis using pressure-crank angle history and the captured endoscopic images was performed. An attempt was made to correlate the results of these two experimental investigations. Combustion duration (CD) obtained from the endoscopic images was relatively longer than the CD calculated from the thermodynamic analysis. Most research on soot and NOx emitted from the engine using a raw exhaust gas emission analyzer provides bulk, time-averaged, and cycle-averaged information about the pollutant formation. This investigation is unique wherein the spatial or time-resolved soot and NOx formation (Via spatial temperature distribution) are evaluated. The findings of this study support the research finding available in the open literature using an emission analyzer. This study and the technique therein on the deployment of engine endoscopy as an emerging optical technique is potentially useful to original automotive manufacturers (OEMs) in designing more efficient engines, capable of meeting upcoming stringent emission norms.
Surface Temperature Mapping of a Metal Plate Using Ultrasound-Guided Wave Technique
Authors: Sahu Guru Prakash , Raja Nishanth , Balasubramaniam Krishnan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Surface temperature mapping is crucial for the monitoring and control of an object of interest, such as furnace, reactor pipes carrying hot fluids, or a component under a temperature-dependent process. While the use of waveguides for temperature measurement is well documented in literature, the attachment of the waveguide to a metallic component poses challenges. These include the relationship between the local waveguide temperature and that of the metal component, and wave leakage into the component. In this paper, the authors study the propagation of shear horizontal (SH) guided wave in a strip waveguide and its interaction with the notch embodiments in the waveguide. The effects of the type of notch and its depth on the SH mode characteristics are investigated through simulation studies. The mode of attachment of the waveguide to the metal component is by means a slot made in the component. The area of contact between the waveguide and metal component is optimized such that there is minimum wave leakage into the bulk material. Based on the simulation results, a waveguide strip is fabricated and used to monitor the local surface temperature of a test metal component. The waveguide is calibrated by correlating the time of flight (ToF) shift in the waveforms against reference temperature values. Thereafter, the instantaneous temperature of the metal component is determined from the calibration equations. A set of experimental trials are performed to check for repeatability. The experiments are conducted in near steady-state conditions for better accuracy in the measurements.
A Kriging-Based Magnetic Flux Leakage Method for Fast Defect Detection in Massive Pipelines
Authors: Mukherjee Subrata , Huang Xuhui , Udpa Lalita , Deng Yiming 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Systems in service continue to degrade with the passage of time. Pipelines are among the most common systems that wear away with usage. For public safety, it is of utmost importance to monitor pipelines. Magnetic flux leakage (MFL) testing is a widely used nondestructive evaluation (NDE) technique for defect detections within the pipelines, particularly those composed of ferromagnetic materials. Pipeline inspection gauge (PIG) procedure based on line scans can collect accurate MFL readings for defect detection. However, in real world, applications involving large pipe sectors such as extensive scanning techniques are extremely time consuming and costly. In this article, we develop a fast and cheap methodology that does not need MFL readings at all the points used in traditional PIG procedures but conducts defect detection with similar accuracy. We consider an under-sampling based scheme that collects MFL at uniformly chosen random scan points over large lattices instead of extensive PIG scans over all lattice points. On the basis of readings from the chosen random scan points, we use kriging to reconstruct MFL readings. Thereafter, we use thresholding-based segmentation on the reconstructed data for detecting defective areas. We demonstrate the applicability of our methodology on synthetic data generated using finite element models and on MFL data collected via laboratory experiments. In these experiments, spanning a wide range of defect types, our proposed novel MFL-based NDE methodology is witnessed to have operating characteristics within the acceptable threshold of PIG-based traditional methods and thus provide an extremely cost-effective, fast procedure with competing error rates.