bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dysfunctional american dream reflected in arthur miller’s death of a salesman
Authors: Mujahidah Ivana Nabilah Qoriroh , Wardani Agista Nidya 
Published: November 2021

The research aims to find the dysfunctional American Dreams; the causes of dysfunctional American Dreams and the effects of dysfunctional American Dreams experienced by the main character, Willy Lowman, as a representation of American society.This paper is examined by applying descriptive qualitative research paradigm which is naturally interpretative. Thus, the key instrument is the researcher herself who has the authority in managing and analyzing the data, and certainly producing meaning in the process of discussion and interpretations. Moreover, to facilitate her in collecting and identifying the data, she used supporting instrument in the form of table. This study, theoretically, applied the mimetic theory as the research approach.The researcher found that Arthur Miller uses the character of Willy Loman to represent the failure of the American Dream. Willy’s quest for the American Dream leads to his failure because throughout his life he pursues the illusion of the American Dream and not the reality of it. The unachievable part of Willy’s view of the American Dream is perfection. He has subordinated by the capitalism in which Willy belongs to the proletariat where his dream is a utopia.
HIGHLIGHTS:

The character of Willy Lowman represented the failure of American Dream because throughout his life he pursues the illusion of American Dream.
Some misperceptions of American Dream have made Willy living in utopia and committing a suicide.
The study represented that not all Americans or immigrants have the same perception of the American Dreams and not all of them can reach the dreams
Whirling interlayer fields as a new source of stable topological order in moiré CrI3
Authors: Ghader Doried , Jabakhanji Bilal , Stroppa Alessandro 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The moiré engineering of two-dimensional magnets opens unprecedented opportunities to design novel magnetic states via the stacking-dependent magnetism. Here, we explore the formation and control of ground state topological spin structures (TSTs) in moiré CrI3 without including the nearest-neighbor (NN) Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions (DMI) and dipolar interactions in the theoretical approach. Using stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert simulations, we unveil the emergence of vortex and antivortex interlayer exchange fields at large moiré periodicity. The whirling fields stabilize spontaneous and field-assisted ground state TSTs with various topologies, including skyrmionic clusters with high topological charges. Furthermore, by examining the effect of the Kitaev interaction and the next NN DMI, we propose the latter as the unique spin-orbit coupling mechanism compatible with the experimental results on monolayer and twisted CrI3. Therefore, our study goes beyond the current knowledge about TSTs in moiré magnets, opens exciting opportunities for moiré skyrmionics, and uncovers the spin-orbit coupling in CrI3.
Grain Boundary Conductance Mechanisms of Ultra-fine Grained CeO2/BaCeO3 Based Electrolytes Fabricated by a Two-step Sintering Process
Authors: Ding Hao , Wu Tong , Sun Haibin , Zhao Shikai , Li Jiao , Guo Xue , Wang Peng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Aiming to clarify the grain boundary conductance mechanism of CeO2/BaCeO3 based electrolytes suitable for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), Sm, Bi co-doping CeO2/BaCeO3 (80 wt.% Ce0.8Sm0.1Bi0.1O2-δ - 20 wt.% BaCe0.8Sm0.1Bi0.1O3-δ, BiSDC-BCSBi) electrolytes with ultra-fine grained (110-220 nm) and micron (1-1.8 μm) structures were prepared by the two step sintering and conventional sintering method, respectively. Both electrolytes have pure phases corresponding to CeO2 and BaCeO3 without other purities. In the ultra-fine grained structure, apparent grain boundary conductivities measured at 350 oC and 400 oC are 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than micron structures, thus resulting in dramatically enhanced electrical performances. This grain boundary effect can be attributed to two aspects. One is the decrease of space charge potential Δφ(0) (0.165 V for ultrafine-fine grained ones, 0.396 V for micron ones). The other is the dilution of impurities (the impurity blocking term ω/dg is 0.94 for ultrafine-fine grained ones, and 0.53 for micron ones). In the ultra-fine grained electrolytes, no extra electronic conduction is introduced, and the ion migration number of O2- is higher than that of H+. Finally, the ultra-fine grained BiSDC-BCSBi electrolytes maintain a good long-term stability in the operating condition of SOFCs at 600 oC for 100 h.
Characterization of The Portuguese Population Diagnosed With Retinoblastoma
Authors: Castela Guilherme , Providência Joana , Monteiro Madalena , Silva Sonia , Brito Manuel , Sá Joaquim , Oliveiros Barbara , Murta Joaquim , Correa Zelia , Branco Miguel 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this study is to characterize demographically and genetically the Portuguese population with retinoblastoma; to report the clinical stage at presentation and its impact on survival and ocular preservation rate and, finally, to assess the incidence of retinoblastoma in Portugal.MethodsCohort retrospective observational study including children consecutively diagnosed with retinoblastoma at the Portuguese National Referral Center of Intraocular Tumors, between October 2015 and October 2020ResultsTwenty-eight children were diagnosed with retinoblastoma at our center, 15 hereditary from which 12 presented with bilateral retinoblastoma and 3 were unilateral. The overall mean age at diagnosis was 13.6 ± 11.1 months with hereditary retinoblastomas diagnosed slightly earlier at 9.6 ± 6.3 months. A familial history of retinoblastoma was found in only 4 (14.3%) of the cases. A pathogenic mutation in the RB1 gene was found in 13 (46.4%) of the children. The most frequent sign at referral was leukocoria in 71.4% of patients. Considering the ICRB classification of the tumors, 84.6% of non-hereditable hereditary retinoblastomas were referred to our center in advanced stages. In the group of hereditable retinoblastomas 86.7% presented with one of the eyes with advanced intraocular retinoblastoma. Fourteen children had one eye enucleated due to retinoblastoma. No deaths were registered during the study period. Considering the incidence analysis, we registered a year-of-birth controlled incidence analysis of 4.04 per 100.000 living births (IC 95% 1.59 – 6.49).Conclusion This is the first characterization of the Portuguese Population diagnosed with Retinoblastoma in the National Reference Center.
Déjà vu: A reappraisal of the taphonomy of quarry VM4 of the Early Pleistocene site of Venta Micena (Baza Basin, SE Spain)
Authors: Palmqvist Paul , Espigares M. Patrocinio , Pérez-Claros Juan A. , Figueirido Borja , Guerra-Merchán Antonio , Ros-Montoya Sergio , Rodríguez-Gómez Guillermo , García-Aguilar José Manuel , Granados Alejandro , Martínez-Navarro Bienvenido 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Venta Micena, an Early Pleistocene site of the Baza Basin (SE Spain), preserves a rich and diverse assemblage of large mammals. VM3, the main excavation quarry of the site, has been interpreted as a den of the giant hyaena Pachycrocuta brevirostris in the plain that surrounded the Baza palaeolake. Taphonomic analysis of VM3 has shown that the hyaenas scavenged the prey previously hunted by the hypercarnivores, transported their remains to the communal den, and consumed the skeletal parts according to their marrow contents and mineral density. In a recent paper, a small sample of remains unearthed from VM4, an excavation quarry ~350 m distant from VM3, are analysed. The authors indicate several differences in the taphonomic features of this assemblage with VM3, and even suggest that a different carnivore could have been the agent involved in the bone accumulation process. Here we make a comparative analysis of both quarries and analyse more skeletal remains from VM4. Our results indicate that the assemblages are broadly similar in composition, except for slight differences in the frequency of megaherbivores, carnivores and equids according to NISP values (but not to MNI counts), the degree of bone weathering, and the intensity of bone processing by the hyaenas. Given that VM4 and VM3 were not coeval denning areas of P. brevirostris, these differences suggest that during the years when the skeletal remains were accumulated by the hyaenas at VM3, the rise of the water table of the Baza palaeolake that capped with limestone the bones was delayed compared to VM4, which resulted in their more in-depth consumption by the hyaenas.
Lateral Pillar is the Key in Supporting Pre-collapse Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: A Finite Element Model Analysis of Propensity-Score Matched Cohorts
Authors: Bahk Ji Hoon , Jo Woo-Lam , Kim Seung-Chan , Kwon Soon-Yong , Lim Youngwook 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
This study was designed as a cohort study using propensity-score matching to age and gender for finite element model (FEM) analysis from pre-collapse CT images of collapsed and non-collapse hips. Through FEM analysis, a global graphical output around the hip joint can provide simple impression of stress distribution: concentration or dispersion.
Methods
32 hips with ARCO stage 2 or 3 ONFH who were on follow up for over one-year period were retrospectively reviewed. 16 hips with no interval progression of collapse were set as the study group, then 16 hips with progression of collapse which required arthroplasty were set as the control group using propensity-score matching. FEM was generated through Mechanical Finder for each patient, then 4500 Newtons of load was applied to 1,000mm2 area at the top of iliac crest to analyze equivalents for yield stress.
Results
Age, sex, and BMI had no significant differences, while location (p=0.015) was lateral, and size (p=0.015) was significantly greater in the collapsed group. Non-collapsed hips mostly exhibited stress dispersion allocated to medial and lateral pillars, while collapsed hips exhibited stress concentration focused on the lateral pillar and the primary compression trabecula. (p=0.001)
Conclusion
FEM analysis suggests stress concentration to the lateral pillar and the primary compression trabeculae can predict future collapse in ONFH with high probability. Results provide a simple and intuitive, yet valuable information to aid surgeons. Therefore, especially for young patients, holding out the lateral pillar through joint preserving procedures might be the key in preventing further collapse.
Impact of Intravesical instillation of a Novel Biological Response Modifier (P-MAPA) on Progress of Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Treatment in a rat model
Authors: Fávaro Wagner J. , Socca Eduardo A.R. , Böckelmann Petra K. , Reis Ianny B. , Garcia Patrick V. , Duran Nelson 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This work describes the effects of immunotherapy with Protein Aggregate Magnesium-Ammonium Phospholinoleate-Palmitoleate Anhydride (P-MAPA) in the treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) in an animal model. NMIBC was induced by treating female Fischer 344 rats with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). After treatment with MNU, the rats were distributed into four experimental groups: Control (without MNU) group, MNU (cancer) group, MNU-BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin) group and MNU-P-MAPA group. P-MAPA intravesical treatment was more effective in histopathological recovery from cancer state in relation to BCG treatment. Western blot assays showed an increase in the protein levels of c-Myc, COUP-TFII and wild-type p53 in P-MAPA-treated rats in relation to BCG-treated rats. In addition, rats treated with P-MAPA intravesical immunotherapy showed the highest BAX protein levels and the lowest proliferation/apoptotic ratio in relation to BCG-treated rats, pointing out a preponderance of apoptosis. P-MAPA intravesical treatment increased the wild-type p53 levels and enhanced c-Myc/COUP-TFII-induced apoptosis mediated by p53. These alterations were fundamental for histopathological recovery from cancer and for suppress abnormal cell proliferation. This action of P-MAPA on apoptotic pathways may represent a new strategy for treating NMIBC.
From Asymmetrical to the Nonreciprocal Isolator Using Time-varying Metasurfaces
Authors: Khorrami Yaser , Fathi DAVOOD , Khavasi Amin , Rumpf Raymond C. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We present an emulation design method for converting asymmetric isolators to nonreciprocal ones using time-varying metasurfaces. To illustrate the model, we design a structure using a combination of the photonic crystal (PhC) and time-varying metasurface. Moreover, we propose a general approach for numerical analysis of the time-modulated proposed structure using the extension of the transfer matrix method (TMM) which consists of working through the device one layer at a time and calculating an overall transfer matrix including the time-variation of the permittivity and permeability in each layer. Also, we use an optimization algorithm that is less used in the field of electromagnetism but is suitable for fast and accurate parameter optimization. The results show that the proposed method, using pure time-varying metasurfaces which cannot prepare full nonreciprocity alone, is a promising procedure for breaking the Lorentz reciprocity in the general isolator system as well as maintaining the previously asymmetric designed structure.
Kinetics of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody response in immunocompetent convalescent patients: nationwide multicenter 15-month follow-up cohort study
Authors: Movsisyan Mariam , Chopikyan Armine , Kasparova Irina , Hakobjanyan Gohar , Carrat Fabrice , Mekinian Arsene , Sukiasyan Meline , Rushanyan Marieta , Chalabyan Mariam , Sharif Sanobar , Kantawala Burhan , Hovhannisyan Alvard , Hakobyan Armine , Minasyan Armen , Muradyan Armen , Petrosyan Gaiane , Yenkoyan Konstantin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The comprehension of a long-term humoral immune response against the SARS-CoV-2 virus can shed light on the treatment and vaccination of the disease, improve the control of the pandemic infection. We assessed the antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein in 1441 COVID-19 convalescent patients within 15 months longitudinal nationwide multicenter study from middle-developed country. 92.7 % of convalescent patients’ serum contained antibodies against N protein and only 1.3% of patients had a delayed antibody response. In the majority of convalescent patients’ the durability of antibodies lasted more than one year. The kinetics of neutralizing antibodies took a bell-shaped character – increased first 25-30 weeks, then started to decrease, but were still detectable for more than 15 months. Summing up, we found that anti-SARS-CoV-2 humoral response levels, in particular the level of peak antibodies, correlate with age, older patients developing more robust humoral response independently from sex, disease severity and BMI.
The Influence of Different Anti-PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody Concentrations On T Cell Activation in in - Vitro Culture – A Preliminary Study
Authors: Wieleba Irena , Wojas-Krawczyk Kamila , Chmielewska Izabela , Wójcik-Superczyńska Magdalena , Krawczyk Paweł , Milanowski Janusz 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma predominates among diagnosed nonsmall cell lung cancer subtypes in nonsmokers. The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors into clinical practice offered patients prolonged progression-free survival and overall survival times. However, the results demonstrate that the benefits do not apply to all patients. Nivolumab is a monoclonal antibody against the PD-1 protein expressed mainly on T lymphocytes and is widely used in cancer therapy in different settings. Tumor cells often express the PD-L1 molecule and can effectively block the action of PD-1-positive lymphocytes. A body of knowledge regarding the high expression of PD-L1 on tumor cells highlights that it does not always correlate with the effectiveness of anti-PD-1 therapy. The side effects of the therapy also constitute a significant issue. These side effects can occur at any time during anti-PD-1 treatment and lead to discontinuation and even the death of the patient. In these situations, it is possible to delay the dosage. Nevertheless, unfortunately, it is not possible to reduce the dose of anti-PD-1 antibody, which would undoubtedly minimize side effects, leaving the patient's immune system active. In our preliminary study, we analyzed the effect of different concentrations of nivolumab on the functioning of T lymphocytes. Activation and proliferation markers were investigated on T cells after being cultured with antigen-stimulated autologous dendritic cells. This process may indicate an appropriate concentration of nivolumab, which shows clinical activity with minimal side effects.
Possible Sources of Trigger Mechanism of Electron-phonon Interactions in Doped CuTl-1223 Superconductors
Authors: Kanwal Anila , Khan Nawazish Ali 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article underlines the important role of copper Cu(3d9) spins at the CuO2 planer sites to comprehend the physics of High temperature Superconductivity . In such studies we have reported the characterization results of samples (Cu0.5Tl0.5)Ba2Ca2Cu3O10-δ , (Cu0.5Tl0.5)(BaCa)(CaMg)Cu1Zn2O10-δ , (Cu0.5Tl0.5)(BaCa)(CaMg) Zn3O10-δ and (AyTl1-y)(BaCa)(CaMg) Zn3O10-δ (A=Ag, K, Ni, Mn; y=0,0.5). Samples were prepared at normal pressure by using two-steps solid state reaction method. The characterization of samples is done via x-ray diffraction (XRD), resistivity (RT) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) absorption measurements. Intrinsic superconducting parameters and activation energy of all sample is estimated applying two theoretical models, Fluctuation Induced conductivity (FIC) analysis and Mott 3D-VRH. The XRD and FTIR absorption measurements have confirmed the intrinsic doping of K, Ag, Ni, Mn and Zn. Interestingly, samples (Cu0.5Tl0.5)(BaCa)(CaMg) Zn3O10-δ without CuO2 planes have exhibited superconducting behavior above 77K. To verify the role of Cu(3d9) atoms in superconductivity we have synthesized (AyTl1-y)(BaCa)(CaMg) Zn3O10-δ (A=Ag, K, Mn, Ni; y=0,0.5) samples. In aforementioned samples, doping of Ni, Mn, K, Ag ions in Cu1-xTlxBa2O4-δ charge reservoir layer instead of Cu-atoms destroys the superconductivity completely and leads to semiconducting behavior. Key objective to preparing these samples is to investigate the role of two major parameters local moments (spin) of copper atoms and net carrier’s concentration in superconductivity.
TRPV4-mediated Ca2+ influx is essential to glomerular endothelial inflammation in sepsis associated acute kidney injury
Authors: Wang Xia , Wang Yinhua , Zhou Guo , Li Yi , Huo Huanhuan , Liang Feng , Xue Jieyuan , Shi Xin , Yin Anwen , Xiao Qingqing , Shen Linhong , He Ben 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (S-AKI) is a frequent complication of critical patients and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The glomerular endothelial cell injury is the main characteristics during S-AKI. Ca2+ influx is a key step in the establishment of endothelial injury. Transient receptor vanilloid subtype 4 (TRPV4) ion channels are permeable to Ca2+ and are widely expressed in endothelial cells. However, the role of TRPV4 on glomerular endothelial inflammation in S-AKI has remained elusive.
Methods

Mouse glomerular endothelial cells (MRGEC) were used to test the molecular mechanism of TRPV4 on LPS-induced glomerular endothelial inflammation. The cecal-ligation-and-puncture (CLP) model was established by ligation of cecum with 4-0 suture and punctured with a 21-gauge needle. Then 0.2mL faeces was extruded from the puncture site to trigger peritoneal inflammation.
Results

In the present study, we found that blocking TRPV4 diminishes LPS-induced cytosolic Ca2+-elevations, which are essential for glomerular endothelial inflammation and barrier function. Furthermore, TRPV4 regulated LPS-induced phosphorylation and translocation of NF-κB and IRF-3 in mouse glomerular endothelial cells (MRGEC). Clamping intracellular Ca2+ mimics the LPS-induce response seen in the absence of TRPV4. In vivo, pharmacological blockade or knock down of TRPV4 reduced the inflammatory response of glomerular endothelial cells, inhibited translocation of NF-κB and IRF-3, increased survival rate and improved renal function in CLP-induced sepsis but without altering renal cortical blood perfusion.
Conclusions

Taken together, these results suggested that inhibition of TRPV4 ameliorates glomerular endothelial inflammation, kidney dysfunction, and increased mortality via mediating Ca2+ overload and NF-κB/IRF-3 activation. These discoveries may provide novel pharmacological strategies for the treatment of glomerular endothelial dysfunction and kidney injury during endotoxemia, sepsis, and other inflammatory diseases.
K-clique percolation in free association networks. The mechanism behind the 7 ± 2 law?
Authors: Valba Olga , Gorsky Alexander 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
It is important to reveal the mechanisms of propagation in different cognitive networks. In this study we discuss the k-clique percolation phenomenon on the free association networks including "English Small World of Words project" (SWOW-EN). We compare different semantic networks and networks of free associations for different languages. Surprisingly it turned out that k-clique percolation for all k < k c = (6 − 7) is possible on free association networks of different languages. Our analysis suggests the new universality patterns for a community organization of free association networks. We conjecture that our result can provide the qualitative explanation of the Miller’s 7 ± 2 rule for the capacity limit of working memory. The new model of network evolution extending the preferential attachment is suggested which provides the observed value of k c .
Can thickness of subcutaneous fat tissue limit emergency percutaneous cricothyrotomy?
Authors: Sanak Tomasz , Chukwu Ositadima , Gabryś Anna , Giliavas Jakub , Ciuk Katarzyna , Kalek Marta , Urbanik Andrzej 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

Needle cricothyrotomy is a method of maintaining airways in emergency situations. One of identified factors that can make this procedure difficult to perform is ‘difficult neck anatomy’ or short obese neck. Due to the growing problem of obesity, we decided to estimate feasibility of needle cricothyrotomy by measuring the thickness of neck fat tissue in the population. Evaluation of this method is important because it is the only method that can be legally performed by paramedics in Poland. The aim of the study was to estimate feasibility of needle cricoidectomy by evaluating the percentage of population in which the thickness of subcutaneous fat tissue could potentially limit or complicate such a procedure.
Methods

In this retrospective study we reviewed CT scans of the neck from a database at the Department of Radiology, University Hospital in Cracow. 550 CT scans met inclusion criteria: age of patient over 18 years old, lack of any lesions altering anatomy of measured region of neck, the first CT scan of patient. 50.36% of patients were women. Median age was 61 years (range 18 – 93). The distance from the skin surface at the level of the lower edge of the thyroid cartilage to the cricothyroid ligament (surface - ligament distance, SLD) was measured. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using R software (R version 4.0.3).
Results

Median SLD was 1.41 (1.01 - 2.04). Subcutaneous fat tissue was thicker than maximal depth of application of cricothyrotomy (3cm) device in 31 patients (5.64%).
Conclusions

Performing needle cricothyrotomy may be limited in a considerable percentage of population (5.64%).