bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An adult case of a retroperitoneal isolated enteric duplication cyst with the imaging changes over time
Authors: Inomata Mayu , Kai Kengo , Ikeda Takuto , Ichihara Akiko , Masuda Rie , Kiwaki Takumi , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Kataoka Hiroaki , Nanashima Atsushi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Adult cases of retroperitoneal isolated enteric duplication cyst (IEDC) are rare, with only 17 case reports in the relevant literature. We herein present a case, which was characterized by changes in intra-cystic density on computed tomography (CT), which was safely resected by laparoscopic surgery.

Case presentation
The patient was a 60-year-old male who received abdominal CT to investigate the cause of increased serum CA19-9 levels. CT revealed a unilocular cystic mass located in the lower right retroperitoneum. The size increased from 5 to 10 cm in three and a half years and the CT value decreased from 101 Hounsfield Units (HU) to 20 HU. We performed laparoscopic surgical resection, because the possibility that the enlargement of the lesion represented malignant transformation could not be denied. The large cystic mass firmly adhered to the appendix and its mesentery via the retroperitoneum, the appendix was resected en bloc with the cystic lesion. Microscopically, it had no communication with the appendix, and had an intestinal wall structure of muscularis mucosae and muscularis propria. The final pathological diagnosis was IEDC in the retroperitoneal space. There was no histological evidence of malignancy.

Conclusion
When we encounter a retroperitoneal cystic lesion, we should consider the possibility of malignancy to determine the treatment strategy and perform a careful operation without breaking the cyst wall, irrespective of the preoperative diagnosis.
Involving and engaging pregnant women in maternity-related research: reflections on an innovative approach
Authors: Goodwin Laura , Skrybant Magdalena , Kenyon Sara 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Meaningful public involvement in maternity research remains challenging, partly due to the transient nature of pregnancy. This paper reflects on the development, implementation and simple evaluation of an innovative and inclusive approach to engaging and involving pregnant and early postnatal women in research.

Methods
Between January and February 2018, a Research Fellow in Maternity Care, a Professor of Evidence Based Maternity Care, and a Patient and Public Involvement Lead convened for a number of meetings to discuss how public involvement and engagement might be improved for pregnancy-related research. A stakeholder group was created, including a local community matron, a community engagement officer at a local children’s centre, public contributors, and senior members of the Maternal and Child Health theme of the West Midlands Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC WM). The team worked together to develop a format for Yoga for Bump sessions: a free 90-min session, offered weekly, which included research involvement/engagement, pregnancy yoga, and a ‘question and answer’ session with a midwife.

Results
A total of 67 women from two local communities in Birmingham attended Yoga for Bump sessions, which ran between May and December of 2018. Evaluation of the sessions suggested benefits to both women and researchers: it created mutually beneficial relationships between contributors and researchers, provided opportunities for women to engage and get involved in research that was directly relevant to them, and provided a convenient and efficient way for researchers to involve and engage pregnant women from diverse backgrounds in their research. Unintended benefits included self-reported improvements in women’s health and wellbeing.

Conclusions
Yoga for Bump demonstrates an innovative approach to engaging and involving pregnant and early postnatal women; combining a free exercise class with healthcare advice and opportunities to engage with and be involved in research, and demonstrating mutual benefits for those involved. This model has the potential to be replicated elsewhere to support inclusive public involvement in pregnancy-related research. Further work is needed to design and evaluate similar approaches to involvement/engagement and explore potential funding avenues to enhance sustainability.
Epidemiology of in-hospital cardiac arrest in a Pakistani tertiary care hospital pre- and during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ahmed Faiza , Abbasi Lubna , Ghouri Nida , Patel Muhammad Junaid 
Published: December 2021

Objectives: To determine epidemiology of in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) in a tertiary care hospital, pre- and during pandemic.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of inpatients who experienced an in-hospital-cardiac arrest at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi between August 2019 and August 2020. Outcome variables were return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and survival to discharge (StD) and analysis was also done comparing pre- and during pandemic period.
Results: A total of 77 patients experienced at least one IHCA event during the 1-year study period. Comparing pre- and during pandemic, ROSC for women was higher during the pandemic albeit not significant (43% vs 50%) in comparison to men (54% vs 10%, p<0.001). During the pandemic, women with IHCA were significantly younger than men (μ ± sd; 36.8 ± 15.3 vs 55.9 ± 12.7, p=0.001,) whereas pre-pandemic, there was no gender differences in mean age. Non-shockable rhythm was more common (92.2%) than shockable rhythm (6.5%). Pre- and during pandemic, there were significant differences in the cause of IHCA for 4H4T (87% vs 100%) and cardiac (36% vs 9%). The proportion of hypoxic patients increased from 50% during pre-pandemic to 91% during the pandemic period, whereas hypo/hyperkalemia decreased from 53% to 34%.
Conclusion: Despite the limitation of a small sample size, our study has provided important information regarding the epidemiology and outcomes of IHCA pre- and during pandemic in a busy Pakistani tertiary care hospital. Our finding that gender differences exist in survival pre- and during pandemic needs to be explored further with more hospitals doing comparative studies.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.ICON-2022.5776
How to cite this:Ahmed F, Abbasi L, Ghouri N, Patel MJ. Epidemiology of in-hospital cardiac arrest in a Pakistani tertiary care hospital pre- and during COVID-19 pandemic. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(2):387-392. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.ICON-2022.5776
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Chemotherapy induced histopathological changes in retinoblastoma, assessment of high risk predictive factors & its correlation with comorbid conditions
Authors: Yaqoob Nausheen , Mansoor Salima , Zia Nida , Aftab Kanwal , Kaleem Bushra , Jamal Saba 
Published: December 2021

Background & Objectives: Retinoblastoma is a malignant intraocular tumor and its treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach. Chemotherapy is an important modality in treatment of retinoblastoma. The purpose of this study was to assess the histopathological changes in retinoblastomas treated with chemotherapy along with correlation of comorbid conditions with high risk histopathological factors (HRF).
Methods: All post-chemotherapy enucleated eye specimens received in the pathology department between 2017 to 2021 were included in the study. Slides were retrieved and reviewed for chemotherapeutic effects, tumor regression, and for assessment of HRF. Patient demographic data, information regarding chemotherapy and co-morbid conditions were retrieved through the hospital database. Chi-square was used to analyze the relation between comorbid conditions and HRF.
Results: Chemotherapeutic effects were seen in all eyes with varying degrees of responses. Necrosis, calcification, and gliosis were the most common findings. The majority of eyes showed tumor occupying less than 50% of the eye whereas complete regression was noted in one eye only. Retinal detachment, glaucoma, and buphthalmos were the most common comorbid conditions at the time of diagnosis. Patients with glaucoma were more likely to have ciliary body invasion. Kaplan Meier analysis showed that patients with more than two HRF had decreased survival rates in comparison to those with one or no HRF.
Conclusion: Histopathological evaluation of chemotherapy-treated eyes shows varying degrees of response to chemotherapy. Post enucleation histopathological evaluation of the globe plays an important role in assessing disease activity and guiding further treatment to prevent metastasis.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.ICON-2022.5786
How to cite this:Yaqoob N, Mansoor S, Zia N, Aftab K, Kaleem B, Jamal S. Chemotherapy induced histopathological changes in retinoblastoma, assessment of high risk predictive factors & its correlation with comorbid conditions. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(2):362-368. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.ICON-2022.5786
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Clinical spectrum and outcomes of patients with different resistance patterns of Salmonella enterica
Authors: Herekar Fivzia , Sarfaraz Samreen , Imran Muhammad , Ghouri Nida , Shahid Saba , Mahesar Marvi 
Published: December 2021

Background and Objective: Unceasing rise in cases of enteric fever, in particular extensively drug resistant (XDR) strain of Salmonella enterica, has led to a growing threat, leaving only carbapenems and azithromycin as the precious option. In this regard, we determined the burden and clinical course of XDR salmonella in comparison to multidrug-resistant (MDR) and drug sensitive (DS) strains.
Methods: A retrospective chart review of 1515 Salmonella Typhi (S.typhi) culture positive patients was conducted at Indus Hospital and Health Network, Karachi from July 2017 to December 2018.
Results: During our study, we observed children at the age of 5-6 years and adults at the age of 20-22 years were the chief targets of S.typhi. Further, we witnessed a rapid shift of drug resistance from MDR to XDR over the one year of study. Almost all patients presented with fever. However other signs and symptoms like malaise, body aches, anorexia, diarrhea, vomiting and abdominal pain were more common in XDR Typhoid patients. Further, the need of hospitalization, total hospital stay and mortality was also greater for XDR typhoid patients.
Conclusion: There is a crucial requirement for consolidated steps to curtail the spread of XDR Salmonella tyhi disease as its management is challenging, and it is associated with increased morbidity and mortality.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.ICON-2022.5789
How to cite this:Herekar F, Sarfaraz S, Imran M, Ghouri N, Shahid S, Mahesar M. Clinical spectrum and outcomes of patients with different resistance patterns of Salmonella enterica . Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(2):356-361. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.ICON-2022.5789
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Islamic Revolution and Women’s Issues in Iran in the Aspect of Social Communication
Authors: Berezina Anna , Derbugova O. 
Published: December 2021

Nowadays the problems of socio-cultural communication covers the gender issue and changes in the role of women in society in particular. Traditionally, the women status in Muslim countries is most vulnerable. Despite this fact, there has emerged such a socio-cultural phenomenon as Islamic feminism in the Middle East.
Islamic Revolution was the first time when Iranian women had declared themselves as a social and political force. Imam R. Khomeini used their social activity for his own political purposes. Despite the promises of the revolution leader, first actions of the new government differed from those the citizens expected: most of the rights and freedoms were restricted or eliminated. Iran is currently ranked 148th out of 153 countries on the gender gap index, overtaking only the countries with difficult internal political and economic situation, such as the DRC, Syria, Pakistan, Iraq and Yemen. The article analyzes the changes in the Iranian women status that have occurred in the following areas: civil status, education and science, economic activity, politics, art and sports. The positive measures taken in these spheres indicate that the society is undergoing a process of reconsidering the role of women, and the development of the women empowerment process in Iran will progress.
Relations between the Republic of Turkey and the United States at the Present Stage and Their Impact on Georgia
Authors: Makaradze Emzar , Makaradze Beka 
Published: December 2021

At the beginning of the 21st century, Turkish-American relations attracted serious attention of the international community. Since the end of the Cold War, relations between the Turkish Republic and the United States have focused on security. The foreign policy of the two countries from time to time pursued common and sometimes very different goals. In parallel with this, periods of ups and downs were observed in economic relations. It was the goal of achieving security that determined the cooperation between these two countries. On the one hand, there was the leader of one of the two poles during the Cold War – the United States, and on the other – Turkey, a country with significant influence in the Middle East, but strongly dependent on the United States.
In the 2000s, disagreements between Turkey and the United States, two NATO members, were not in Georgia’s interests. Turkey and the United States are Georgia’s partner countries. The United States is Georgia’s strategic partner and Turkey is one of its largest trading partners.
Despite tensions between Turkey and the United States, the latter is not expected to harm Georgia’s bilateral relations. According to Washington, Georgia’s rapprochement with Iran will be a more serious problem than the issue with Turkey, especially if Georgia violates sanctions against Iran.
The Fickle Crowd: Reinforcement and Contradiction of Quality Evaluations in Cultural Markets
Authors: Kim Minjae , DellaPosta Daniel 
Published: December 2021

We clarify conditions under which two seemingly contradictory yet widely observed tendencies occur in cultural markets where amateur connoisseurs evaluate products—reinforcement of previous consensus and contradiction of that same consensus. We start from prior work’s insight that achieving “distinction” requires that evaluators display tastes demonstrating higher skills of discernment and standards that are acknowledged as legitimate by others. Based on this, we argue that evaluators reinforce prior evaluations of products to demonstrate that they share the same quality standards as their peers, but they selectively contradict prior evaluations by downgrading widely acclaimed products, because doing the latter makes the evaluator appear to have even more sophisticated tastes than their peers. We test this account using 1.66 million reviews from an online platform where amateur connoisseurs publicly evaluate beers. Our analyses support an endogenous model explaining why and when evaluators may contradict existing evaluations even though a group plausibly sharing the same quality standards may have established such evaluations in the first place.Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.1556 .
Improving access to cardiac rehabilitation in rural and remote areas: a protocol for a community-based qualitative case study
Authors: Field Patricia E , Franklin Richard C , Barker Ruth , Ring Ian , Leggat Peter , Canuto Karla 
Published: December 2021

Background/AimsHeart disease is the largest single cause of death and contributes to poor quality of life and high healthcare costs in Australia. There are higher rates of heart disease in rural and remote areas, with the highest rates in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Cardiac rehabilitation is known to improve health outcomes for people with heart disease but referral rates remain low (30.2% overall and 46% following acute coronary syndrome) in Australia. Further, access to cardiac rehabilitation in rural and remote areas is affected by there being few centre-based services, and poor use of home-based services. The aim of this protocol is to investigate: (i) understanding of cardiac rehabilitation by health staff, community leaders and community participants discharged from hospital following treatment for heart disease; (ii) access and support for cardiac rehabilitation in rural and remote areas via health service availability in each community.MethodsA qualitative case study methodology, using an interpretive descriptive framework, will be used together with content analysis that will encompass identification of themes through a deductive/inductive process.ConclusionsTo improve access to services and health outcomes in rural and remote areas, a strong evidence base is essential. To achieve this, as well as having appropriate methodology, it is necessary to build relationships and trust with local communities and healthcare providers. This research protocol describes a qualitative community-based case study, together with processes to build sound relationships required for effective data collection through semi-structured interviews or focus groups. Each step of the pre-research planning data collection and analysis is described in detail for the guidance of future researchers.
Effects of a Prototype Pneumatic Machine to Control the Colorado Potato Beetle on Potato Plant Growth and Tuber Yield
Authors: Almady Saad , Khelifi Mohamed 
Published: December 2021

HighlightsA prototype pneumatic machine used to control the Colorado potato beetle (CPB) had no effect on potato plant growth.Yields in pneumatic treatment plots were comparable to those of control plots treated with a biological insecticide.Pneumatic control of the CPB could be an alternative to reduce reliance on chemical insecticides in potato fields.Abstract. The Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), is the major insect pest of potato plants. Currently, the most effective method for controlling the CPB is to apply chemical insecticides throughout its lifecycle. However, the CPB has the ability to resist most chemical insecticides. Control of this insect pest has therefore become extremely difficult, prompting researchers to explore effective alternatives. The use of pneumatic methods to control the CPB is a promising alternative to chemical means. The objective of this study was to develop an effective pneumatic control method for the CPB to reduce the reliance on chemical insecticides in potato fields. In this context, a prototype pneumatic machine was designed and built. The prototype uses positive air pressure to dislodge CPBs from potato foliage, deposit them on the ground between the rows, and crush them. The effects of three airflow velocities (45, 50, and 55 m s-1) and two tractor travel speeds (5 and 6 km h-1) on CPB control, plant growth, and tuber yield were investigated in potato plots. Overall, the results showed no significant differences in yield between treatments (p = 0.3268), indicating that the yield of potato plants treated with the prototype was comparable to that of plants treated with a biological insecticide (Entrust). In addition, the prototype did not have any negative effects on plant growth. This suggests that the prototype could be safely and efficiently used in potato fields to control the CPB. The success of this innovative control method could greatly contribute to reducing the use of chemical insecticides to control the CPB. Keywords: Airflow velocity, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), Pneumatic control, Potato, Travel speed.
Hybrid surface measuring system for motion-blur compensation and focus adjustment using a deformable mirror
Authors: Murakami Kenichi , Hayakawa Tomohiko , Ishikawa Masatoshi 
Published: December 2021

The recent growth in automation and microfabrication has led to a need for faster, more accurate inspections. This in turn requires fast and accurate image capture methods. A system has previously been proposed to obtain images without motion blur by controlling the line of sight to follow a moving object with a mirror, thereby decreasing inspection time. However, as this system follows only the line of sight, it corresponds only to the plane parallel to the direction of movement. Here, we propose a system for measuring non-planar surfaces by simultaneously controlling the line of sight and focus using a deformable mirror. In addition, the proposed system requires only one deformable mirror, whereas those from previous studies require multiple devices to control the line of sight and focus. Therefore, our proposed system can be downsized and applied to various measurement systems. We tested our system by measuring surface images of objects with curved and uneven surfaces under movement at 20 mm/s, at a distance of about 140 mm in front of the mirror. The system successfully obtained motion-blur-free, all-in-focus images. Moreover, we validated the effectiveness of the proposed system by comparing the captured images to those obtained using existing methods.
The electrical heart axis of the fetus between 18 and 24 weeks of gestation: A cohort study
Authors: Lempersz Carlijn , Noben Lore , Clur Sally-Ann B. , van den Heuvel Edwin , Zhan Zhouzhao , Haak Monique , Oei S. Guid , Vullings Rik , van Laar Judith O. E. H. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction
A fetal anomaly scan in mid-pregnancy is performed, to check for the presence of congenital anomalies, including congenital heart disease (CHD). Unfortunately, 40% of CHD is still missed. The combined use of ultrasound and electrocardiography might boost detection rates. The electrical heart axis is one of the characteristics which can be deduced from an electrocardiogram (ECG). The aim of this study was to determine reference values for the electrical heart axis in healthy fetuses around 20 weeks of gestation.

Material and methods
Non-invasive fetal electrocardiography was performed subsequent to the fetal anomaly scan in pregnant women carrying a healthy singleton fetus between 18 and 24 weeks of gestation. Eight adhesive electrodes were applied on the maternal abdomen including one ground and one reference electrode, yielding six channels of bipolar electrophysiological measurements. After removal of interferences, a fetal vectorcardiogram was calculated and then corrected for fetal orientation. The orientation of the electrical heart axis was determined from this normalized fetal vectorcardiogram. Descriptive statistics were used on normalized cartesian coordinates to determine the average electrical heart axis in the frontal plane. Furthermore, 90% prediction intervals (PI) for abnormality were calculated.

Results
Of the 328 fetal ECGs performed, 281 were included in the analysis. The average electrical heart axis in the frontal plane was determined at 122.7° (90% PI: -25.6°; 270.9°).

Discussion
The average electrical heart axis of healthy fetuses around mid-gestation is oriented to the right, which is, due to the unique fetal circulation, in line with muscle distribution in the fetal heart.