bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic risk prewarning in ship encounter process considering domain violation
Authors: Qin Tingrong , Ma Guoliang , Li Dongyang , Zhou Xinjie , He Xingjie , Chen Weijiong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA ship's perception of risk is an important basis for collision avoidance. To improve such perception, several risk measurement parameters on the ship domain are determined, including the approach factor, the time to domain violation (TDV) and the possible collision domain. Then, a risk hierarchy prewarning (RHP) model based on the violation detection of a ship domain is proposed, in which a two-level alarm scheme is adopted accordingly. A low-intensity alarm will be activated by reaching the minimum approach factor and the TDV threshold, and a high-intensity alarm will be activated by the factor of the possible collision domain and the TDV threshold. Subsequently, a novel guard zone in ARPA radar utilising the RHP model has been developed to establish a ship's risk perception system for officers on watch at sea. The model proposed in this paper can not only enhance the veracity of risk assessment around our own ship, but also be used as a decision support system for collision avoidance.
A discussion on the minimum required number of tests in two common pooling test methods for SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Cheng C. H. , Chow C. L. , Chow W. K. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Pooling of samples in detecting the presence of virus is an effective and efficient strategy in screening carriers in a large population with low infection rate, leading to reduction in cost and time. There are a number of pooling test methods, some being simple and others being complicated. In such pooling tests, the most important parameter to decide is the pool or group size, which can be optimised mathematically. Two pooling methods are relatively simple. The minimum numbers required in these two tests for a population with known infection rate are discussed and compared. Results are useful for identifying asymptomatic carriers in a short time and in implementing health codes systems.
Update on: high but slightly declining COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and reasons for vaccine acceptance, Finland April to December 2020
Authors: Hammer Charlotte C. , Cristea Veronica , Dub Timothee , Sivelä Jonas 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We update our previous insights into COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy in Finland. Vaccine acceptance increased from 64% (November/December 2020) to 74% (April 2021). However, there was a group of participants that were preferring to wait to get vaccinated ranging from 6% of over-64-years-olds to 29% of under-30-years-olds. The previously identified enablers convenience (below-50-years-olds), worry about severe disease and protection for oneself (above-50-years-olds) were no longer significantly associated with increased vaccine acceptance. Understanding barriers and enablers behind vaccine acceptance is decisive in ensuring a successful implementation of COVID-19 vaccination programs, which will be key to ending the pandemic.
The quality of systematic reviews and other synthesis in the time of COVID-19
Authors: Baumeister A. , Corrin T. , Abid H. , Young K. M. , Ayache D. , Waddell L. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
COVID-19 research has been produced at an unprecedented rate and managing what is currently known is in part being accomplished through synthesis research. Here we evaluated how the need to rapidly produce syntheses has impacted the quality of the synthesis research. Thus, we sought to identify, evaluate and map the synthesis research on COVID-19 published up to 10 July 2020. A COVID-19 literature database was created using pre-specified COVID-19 search algorithms carried out in eight databases. We identified 863 citations considered to be synthesis research for evaluation in this project. Four-hundred and thirty-nine reviews were fully assessed with A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews (AMSTAR-2) and rated as very low-quality (n = 145), low-quality (n = 80), medium-quality (n = 208) and high-quality (n = 151). The quality of these reviews fell short of what is expected for synthesis research with key domains being left out of the typical methodology. The increase in risk of bias due to non-adherence to systematic review methodology is unknown and prevents the reader from assessing the validity of the review. The responsibility to assure the quality is held by both producers and publishers of synthesis research and our findings indicate there is a need to equip readers with the expertise to evaluate the review conduct before using it for decision-making purposes.
Examining changes to food and beverage availability and marketing in a low-income community after the opening of a new supermarket
Authors: Singleton Chelsea R , Li Yu , Zenk Shannon N , Powell Lisa M 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjective:In 2016, a Whole Foods Market© opened in the Englewood community of Chicago, IL – a predominately low-income African American community. This study aimed to examine changes to food and beverage availability and marketing in Englewood’s existing food stores after the opening of this supermarket.Design:Quasi-experimental study.Setting:Two low-income African American communities in Chicago, IL.Participants:Fieldworkers audited all small grocery and limited service stores (e.g. convenience stores, liquor stores and dollar/discount stores) located within one-square mile of the new supermarket and a one-square mile area of a demographically comparable community that also lacked a supermarket. Stores were audited before (2016) and after (2017 and 2018) the supermarket opened.Results:Of the 78 stores audited at baseline, 71·8 % were limited service stores and 85·9 % accepted Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits. Overall, the availability of healthy food and beverage options in nearby small stores was low at baseline and both follow-up periods. Difference-in-difference regression models revealed a significant increase in: (1) the percentage of stores in the intervention community (i.e. Englewood) offering regular cheese and promoting salty snacks at check-out from 2016 to 2017; and (2) the percentage of stores in the comparison community with interior store promotions for other sweetened beverages from 2016 to 2018.Conclusions:Minimal changes in food and beverage availability and marketing occurred 1 and 2 years after the opening of a new supermarket. However, the wide range of staple food items offered by the supermarket expanded healthy food retail in Chicago’s Englewood community.
Mental models and institutional inertia
Authors: Rosenbaum Eckehard 
Published: August 2021

AbstractInstitutional inertia as one of the underlying reasons for hysteresis is often ascribed to external factors such as the distribution of wealth and income. Complementing these findings, the paper focuses on important internal factors, which render institutions stable and which prevent fast institutional changes, namely the role of mental models. Their importance is derived from the analysis of an important set of institutions, which can be described as enabling rules. Such rules enable actors to do certain things, such as speaking a language or playing chess. In doing so, enabling rules arguably require complementary mental models, which contain not only knowledge about the rules and the context in which they are applied, but also about how to apply the rules successfully. An important implication of this conceptualisation is that institutions and their representation are interdependent and mutually stabilising.
A review on microstrip patch antenna parameters of different geometry and bandwidth enhancement techniques
Authors: Mishra Brijesh , Verma Ramesh Kumar , Yashwanth N , Singh Rakesh Kumar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a comprehensive review of symmetrically shaped antennas in terms of antenna size, dielectric materials, resonating band, peak gain, radiation pattern, simulating tools, and their applications. In this article, flower shape, leaf shape, tree shape, fan shape, Pi shape, butterfly shape, bat shape, wearable, multiband, monopole, and fractal antennas are discussed. Further, a survey of previously reported bandwidth enhancement techniques of microstrip patch antenna like introduction of thick and lower permittivity substrate, multilayer substrate, parasitic elements, slots and notches, shorting wall, shorting pin, defected ground structure, metamaterial-based split ring resonator structure, fractal geometry, and composite right-hand/left-handed transmission line approach is presented. The physics of these techniques has been discussed in detail which is supported by circuit theory model approach.
Age and Moral Foundations: A Meta-Analytic Approach
Authors: Castilla-Estévez David , Blázquez-Rincón Desirée 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSeveral meta-analytic analyses are carried out to analyzed the relationship between age and different moral constructs based on the Moral Foundations Theory (MFT) framework. Pearson’s correlation estimates between age and any of the moral construcs were available for a total of 239 independent samples out of 122 studies. Correlation coefficients were meta-analyzed, heterogeneity was examined by searching for moderators when there were more than 30 estimates available, and a predictive model to estimate the expected correlation was proposed when several moderators showed a significant effect. The correlation between age and all the moral constructs analyzed exhibited pooled estimates of null or not relevant magnitude, ranging from –.02 to .08. The moderator analyses led to a predictive model in which participant’s mean age and ideology explained 40.80% of the total variability among the correlation between age and the Loyalty/Betrayal foundation, whereas participant’s mean age explained a significant percentage of variability (8.85 – 25.12%) for the correlations between age and the rest of moral foundations and the Individualizing group. Results show a quite stable moral matrix over the lifespan, but future research is needed for examine a possible non-linear relationship between age and moral foundations.
Transforming scholarship to co-create sustainable futures
Authors: Chabay Ilan , Renn Ortwin , van der Leeuw Sander , Droy Solène 
Published: August 2021

Non-technical summary
All of humanity is facing the increasingly urgent challenge of finding pathways to the emergence of new, more sustainable patterns of living that promotes the co-evolution of natural and cultural systems. We address this challenge by proposing changes in scientific and scholarly research communities and transformations in roles, resources, actors, and institutions of scholarship (i.e., natural and social sciences, humanities, and arts), which can contribute substantially and effectively to co-designing solutions for sustainable, just, and equitable human societies.

Technical summary
The critical challenge facing humanity is the increasingly urgent need to find and implement pathways that lead humankind into a new stage of dynamic equilibrium that promotes the co-evolution of natural and cultural systems. We address this challenge for scientific and scholarly research communities and the transformations in roles, resources, actors, and institutions of scholarship (encompassing natural and social sciences, humanities, and arts), which can contribute substantially and effectively to co-designing solutions for coping with unsustainable practices and systemic risks. Our perspective builds upon a series of four workshops to identify and address global sustainability challenges at a regional scale. It is anchored in the view that nature and society are inextricably interwoven, that planetary boundaries are fundamentally societal, rather than solely environmental issues, that viable solutions to the global challenges mentioned above can be developed and most effectively implemented at a regional to local scale in conjunction with substantive changes in the education systems at all levels, and that these considerations require a complex adaptive systems approach to seeking and implementing solutions. We call for rethinking, finding creative approaches, and acting to make scholarship more capable of effectively creating just and equitable sustainable futures in diverse cultures and contexts.

Social media summary
Transforming scholarship and education to enable co-design of societal transformations to sustainable futures.
Interannual Variability of Summer Net Ecosystem CO2 Exchange in High Arctic Tundra
Authors: Braybrook Christina A. , Scott Neal A. , Treitz Paul M. , Humphreys Elyn R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractArctic terrestrial ecosystems may be contributing to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations under amplified climate change at high‐latitudes. This research investigates how summer net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) and its component fluxes, gross primary production (GPP), and ecosystem respiration (Reco) varied over five years (2008, 2009, 2010, 2012, and 2014) at the Cape Bounty Arctic Watershed Observatory (74.92°N, 109.58°W). The eddy covariance technique was used to measure NEE and a combined light and temperature response model was used to partition NEE into GPP and Reco. Total summer NEE varied from −19.8 to 7.9 g C m−2. Despite two summers with net CO2 uptake, this tundra was likely a source of CO2 on an annual basis. In most years, growing degree days with a base 0°C (GDD0) had more predictive power than other environmental variables in random forest analyses of daily NEE. Interannual variability in total summer NEE over the five study years was also attributed to greater variability in GPP than Reco (coefficient of variation: 62% and 27%, respectively). However, total summer GDD0 significantly correlated with total summer Reco but not NEE nor GPP. Instead, summer total NEE and GPP significantly correlated with satellite‐derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), which may have exhibited carry‐over effects from one year to the next to limit the impact of current year GDD0 on total summer NEE at this tundra site.
The Origin of Late Cenozoic Magmatism in the South China Sea and Southeast Asia
Authors: Qian Shengping , Gazel Esteban , Nichols Alexander R. L. , Cheng Hao , Zhang Le , Salters Vincent J. , Li Jie , Xia Xiaoping , Zhou Huaiyang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBasaltic lavas sample recycled crustal materials from their mantle source. Constraining the location and residence time of these recycled materials in the mantle is critical to understand global mantle dynamics. In this study, we present new whole‐rock major and trace element abundances, Sr‐Nd‐Mo‐Os isotopes, water contents and He isotopes of volcanic glasses, U‐Pb ages of zircons, and compositions of melt inclusions, spinels and olivines from the South China Sea (SCS) seamounts lavas. These new data are compared with literature data from intraplate volcanism of similar age from Southeast (SE) Asia. The isotope data of late Cenozoic lavas from the SCS seamounts and SE Asia can be explained by mixing between enriched mantle 2 (EM2) and depleted mid‐ocean ridge basalt mantle components. Our data are consistent with the EM2 signature of late Cenozoic lavas derived from recycled young oceanic crust and sediments. The compositions of olivine phenocrysts indicate an olivine‐dominated (peridotitic) mantle source. There is currently no evidence for a high‐3He/4He mantle plume component beneath the SCS. Our results combined with geophysical data and plate reconstructions suggest that the late Cenozoic magmatism is related to the upwelling of instabilities from the mantle transition zone (MTZ) triggered by a stagnant slab. The SCS seamount lavas sample an enriched MTZ containing young recycled materials, consistent with regional past subduction. Our study provides additional evidence that storage and recycling of crustal materials in or near the MTZ is an important mechanism to develop global mantle heterogeneities sampled by intraplate volcanoes.
Pore Pressure Threshold and Fault Slip Potential for Induced Earthquakes in the Dallas‐Fort Worth Area of North Central Texas
Authors: Hennings P. H. , Nicot J.‐P. , Gao R. S. , DeShon H. R. , Lund Snee J.‐E. , Morris A. P. , Brudzinski M. R. , Horne E. A. , Breton C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEarthquakes were induced in the Fort Worth Basin from 2008 through 2020 by increase in pore pressure from injection of oilfield wastewater (SWD). In this region and elsewhere, a missing link in understanding the mechanics of causation has been a lack of comprehensive models of pore pressure evolution (ΔPp) from SWD. We integrate detailed earthquake catalogs, ΔPp, and probabilistic fault slip potential (FSP) and find that faults near large‐scale SWD operations became unstable early, when ΔPp reached ∼0.31 MPa and FSP reached 0.24. Faults farther from SWD became unstable later, when FSP reached 0.17 and at much smaller ΔPp. Earthquake sequences reactivated with mean ΔPp of ∼0.05 MPa. The response of faults shows strong variability, with many remaining stable at higher ΔPp and few that became seismogenic at smaller changes. As ΔPp spread regionally, an ever‐increasing number of faults were impacted and the most sensitive became unstable.
Urbanization Magnified Nighttime Heat Waves in China
Authors: Shi Zitong , Xu Xiyan , Jia Gensuo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNighttime heat waves have greater impacts on human society than daytime because nighttime heat waves deprive humans to recover from daytime heat and increase energy consumption for cooling. In this study, we found increased occurrence and severity of nighttime heat waves across China during 1980–2017 based on measurements from more than 2,000 meteorological stations. The nighttime heat waves have been longer lasting and occurred more often in spring and fall. Compared to rural areas, urban areas have shown enhanced frequency, intensity, and duration of nighttime heat waves. Urbanization accounted for nearly 50% of the extended duration and nearly 40% of the enhanced intensity and frequency of nighttime heat waves in urban areas relative to rural areas. Urban expansion, causing reduced evapotranspiration and weakened wind speed that normally cools the lower atmosphere by turbulent heat loss and cooled air advection, led to nighttime urban heat island, thus magnifying nighttime heat extremes.
Global Scaling of Rainfall With Dewpoint Temperature Reveals Considerable Ocean‐Land Difference
Authors: Ali Haider , Peleg Nadav , Fowler Hayley J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractShort‐duration rainfall extremes are expected to intensify with warming at around 7%/K, following the Clausius‐Clapeyron (CC) relation, causing concomitant increases in flash floods. Observed hourly rainfall extremes show consistent CC‐scaling with dewpoint temperature across all land regions. Here, we use two global climate reanalysis products (ERA5 and MERRA‐2) to examine consistency in scaling with observations, in ungauged regions and over the oceans. We find that reanalyzes underestimate observed scaling, but ERA5 provides better estimates than MERRA‐2. Scaling rates at high latitudes and midlatitudes are similar to observations, at CC, while over the tropics mixed negative‐ and super‐CC scaling rates are seen. We show underestimation of scaling rates over the tropics is related to deficiencies in simulations of extreme rainfall over orographically complex and convection dominated regions. Importantly, both reanalyzes indicate scaling rates over the ocean are substantially higher than over land, with implications for extreme weather events originating over the ocean.
Role of the Solar Minimum in the Waiting Time Distribution Throughout the Heliosphere
Authors: Nurhan Yosia I. , Johnson Jay R. , Homan Jonathan R. , Wing Simon , Aschwanden Markus J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMany processes throughout the heliosphere such as flares, coronal mass ejections (CMEs), storms and substorms have abrupt onsets. The waiting time between these onsets provides key insights as to the underlying dynamical processes. We explore the tail of these waiting time distributions (WTDs) in the context of random processes driven by the solar magnetic activity cycle, which we approximate by a sinusoidal driver. Analytically, we find that the distribution of large waiting times of such a process approaches a power law slope of −2.5, which is primarily controlled by the conditions when the driving is minimum. We find that the asymptotic behavior of WTDs of solar flares, CMEs, geomagnetic storms, and substorms exhibit power laws that are in reasonable agreement with a sinusoidally driven nonstationary Poisson process. However, the WTD of substorms during solar minimum may be more consistent with prolonged periods of weak driving followed by abrupt increase in the rate.
Identification of a germline CSPG4 variation in a family with neurofibromatosis type 1-like phenotype
Authors: Bai Zhuanli , Qu Yiping , Shi Lin , Li Xinju , Yang Zhen , Ji Meiju , Hou Peng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNeurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), an autosomal dominant and multisystem disorder, is generally considered to be caused by NF1 inactivation. However, there are also numerous studies showing that Neurofibromatosis type 1-like phenotype can be caused by the abnormalities in the other genes. Through targeted parallel sequencing, whole-exome sequencing, de novo genomic sequencing, and RNA isoform sequencing, we identified a germline V2097M variation in CSPG4 gene probably increased susceptibility to a NF1-like phenotype family. Besides, a series of in vitro functional studies revealed that this variant promoted cell proliferation by activating the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway via hindering ectodomain cleavage of CSPG4. Our data demonstrate that a germline variation in the CSPG4 gene might be a high risk to cause NF1-like phenotype. To our knowledge, this is the first report of mutations in the CSPG4 gene in human diseases.
Canine tumor mutational burden is correlated with TP53 mutation across tumor types and breeds
Authors: Alsaihati Burair A. , Ho Kun-Lin , Watson Joshua , Feng Yuan , Wang Tianfang , Dobbin Kevin K. , Zhao Shaying 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSpontaneous canine cancers are valuable but relatively understudied and underutilized models. To enhance their usage, we reanalyze whole exome and genome sequencing data published for 684 cases of >7 common tumor types and >35 breeds, with rigorous quality control and breed validation. Our results indicate that canine tumor alteration landscape is tumor type-dependent, but likely breed-independent. Each tumor type harbors major pathway alterations also found in its human counterpart (e.g., PI3K in mammary tumor and p53 in osteosarcoma). Mammary tumor and glioma have lower tumor mutational burden (TMB) (median < 0.5 mutations per Mb), whereas oral melanoma, osteosarcoma and hemangiosarcoma have higher TMB (median ≥ 1 mutations per Mb). Across tumor types and breeds, TMB is associated with mutation ofTP53but notPIK3CA, the most mutated genes. Golden Retrievers harbor a TMB-associated and osteosarcoma-enriched mutation signature. Here, we provide a snapshot of canine mutations across major tumor types and breeds.