bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrophysiological Responses to Rapidly-Presented Affective Stimuli Predict Individual Differences in Subsequent Attention
Authors: Song Ha Neul , Oh Sewon , Lee Sang Ah 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe are constantly surrounded by a dynamically changing perceptual landscape that can influence our behavior even without our full conscious awareness. Emotional processing can have effects on subsequent attention, but there are mixed findings on whether it induces attentional enhancement or interference. The present study used a new multimodal approach to explain and predict such attentional effects based on individual differences in response to emotional stimuli. We briefly presented affective pictures (neutral, positive, erotic, mutilation, and horror categories) for 80 ms, immediately followed by a cued flanker task that was unrelated to the pictures. Event-related potentials (ERPs), skin conductance response (SCR), and reaction time (RT) were measured for each participant. We found that, in general, affective pictures induced higher electrophysiological responses compared with neutral pictures [P300 and late positive potential (LPP) in the erotic condition; P300, LPP, and SCR in the horror condition]. In particular, individuals who showed a strong ERP response to the pictures were impeded in the erotic condition (only P300) and facilitated in the horror condition (both P300 and LPP). Those who did not show a significant ERP or SCR response to the pictures were facilitated in the erotic condition and impeded in the horror condition. Furthermore, it was possible to classify the direction of the attentional effect from the participants’ P300, LPP, and SCR responses. These results demonstrate that underlying individual differences in emotional processing must be considered in understanding and predicting the effects of emotions on attention and cognition.
Increasing Central Serotonin with 5-hydroxytryptophan Disrupts the Inhibition of Social Gaze in Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Weinberg-Wolf Hannah B. , Fagan Nick , Dal Monte Olga , Chang Steve W. C. 
Published: December 2021

To competently navigate the world, individuals must flexibly balance distinct aspects of social gaze, orienting toward others and inhibiting orienting responses, depending on the context. These behaviors are often disrupted amongst patient populations treated with serotonergic drugs. However, those in the field lack a clear understanding of how the serotonergic system mediates social orienting and inhibiting behaviors. Here, we tested how increasing central concentrations of serotonin with the direct precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) would modulate the ability of rhesus macaques (both sexes) to use eye movements to flexibly orient to, or inhibit orienting to, faces. Systemic administrations of 5-HTP effectively increased central serotonin levels and impaired flexible orientation and inhibition. Critically, 5-HTP selectively impaired the ability of monkeys to inhibit orienting to face images, whereas it similarly impaired orienting to face and control images. 5-HTP also caused monkeys to perseverate on their gaze responses, making them worse at flexibly switching between orienting and inhibiting behaviors. Furthermore, the effects of 5-HTP on performance correlated with a constriction of the pupil, an increased time to initiate trials, and an increased reaction time, suggesting that the disruptive effects of 5-HTP on social gaze behaviors are likely driven by a downregulation of arousal and motivational states. Together, these findings provide causal evidence for a modulatory relationship between 5-HTP and social gaze behaviors in nonhuman primates and offer translational insights for the role of the serotonergic system in social gaze.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTBehavioral changes arising from pharmacological agents that target serotonergic functions are complex and difficult to predict. Here, we examined the causal impacts of administering the direct precursor of serotonin, 5-HTP, on orienting and inhibiting social gaze in nonhuman primates. 5-HTP increased central concentrations of serotonin and selectively impaired the ability of monkeys to inhibit orienting to faces while similarly impairing the ability of monkeys to orient to face and control images. These behavioral gaze impairments were systematically associated with a downregulation of arousal and motivational states, indexed by pupil constriction, increased time to initiate trials, and increased reaction time. These findings provide a causal link between 5-HTP and social gaze behaviors in nonhuman primates and provide translational insights about serotonergic interventions.
Reduced pituitary size in subjects with mutations in the THRB gene and thyroid hormone resistance
Authors: Heldmann Marcus , Chatterjee Krishna , Moran Carla , Rogge Berenike , Steinhardt Julia , Wagner-Altendorf Tobias , Göttlich Martin , Schacht Hannes , Schramm Peter , Brabant Georg , Münte Thomas F , Cirkel Anna 
Published: December 2021

Background
Thyroid hormone action is mediated by two forms of thyroid hormone receptors (α, β) with differential tissue distribution. Thyroid hormone receptor β (TRβ) mutations lead to resistance to thyroid hormone action in tissues predominantly expressing the β form of the receptor (pituitary, liver). This study seeks to identify the effects of mutant TRβ on pituitary size.

Methods
High-resolution 3D T1-weighted magnetic resonance images were acquired in 19 patients with RTHβ in comparison to 19 healthy matched controls. Volumetric measurements of the pituitary gland were performed independently and blinded by four different raters (two neuroradiologists, one neurologist, one neuroscientist).

Results
Patients with mutant TRβ (resistance to thyroid hormone β, RTHβ) showed elevated free tri-iodothyronine/thyroxine levels with normal thyroid-stimulating hormone levels, whereas healthy controls showed normal thyroid hormone levels. Imaging revealed smaller pituitary size in RTHβ patients in comparison to healthy controls (F(1,35) = 7.05, P  = 0.012, partial η2 = 0.17).

Conclusion
RTHβ subjects have impaired sensitivity to thyroid hormones, along with decreased size of the pituitary gland.
El aprendizaje basado en retos frente a la enseñanza tradicional de las instalaciones en Arquitectura
Authors: Gallego Sánchez-Torija Jorge , García Herrero Jesús , Bedoya Frutos César 
Published: December 2021

Las instalaciones son un ámbito de conocimiento al que normalmente se presta poca atención dentro de la arquitectura. Su desconocimiento por parte de muchos profesionales hace que se obvie la necesidad de resolver el metabolismo del edificio durante su proceso de diseño. En esta situación, ante el problema de cómo enseñar instalaciones a los alumnos de arquitectura, el presente artículo pretende indagar si el aprendizaje que se obtiene utilizando la metodología del aprendizaje basado en retos resulta más profundo y significativo que el aprendizaje que se obtiene a través de la enseñanza tradicional. Para ello, se realiza una encuesta a los alumnos que han cursado la asignatura de 5º curso en la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid “Proyecto de instalaciones” que se desarrolla mediante la metodología del aprendizaje basado en retos. Se entiende que dichos alumnos también han cursado la asignatura de 4º “Instalaciones y servicios técnicos” que se desarrolla mediante la metodología de enseñanza tradicional. Los alumnos claramente valoran mejor la asignatura de 5º que la de 4º. La mejora que más se repite por parte de los alumnos es la propuesta de plantear la asignatura de 4º curso, con un enfoque más tradicional, como la asignatura de 5º curso, que aplica la metodología de aprendizaje basado en retos. Incluso llegan a manifestar que tras 8 meses, el tiempo que transcurre entre que termina la primera asignatura y comienza la segunda, ya no recuerdan lo aprendido: “En mi opinión no debería darse tan por supuesto que sabemos o nos acordamos de la asignatura de 4º en la asignatura de 5º", dice un alumno en la encuesta.
MORPHOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DIFFERENT CASSAVA VARIETIES IN RELATION TO THE QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF THEIR GARI (ROASTED FERMENTED CASSAVA GRITS)
Authors: Karim Olayinka Ramota , Akintayo Olaide Akinwunmi 
Published: December 2021

Gari is the most popular cassava product in West Africa. Therefore, the suitability of any cassava root introduced into this region for gari production is important. This study determined some selected morphological and chemical characteristics of six cassava varieties (TMS 30001, TMS 30572, TME 419, TMS 98/0505, TMS 98/0581 and Biofortified) being promoted for widespread cultivation in Kwara State, Nigeria. The yield, physical, chemical and sensory attributes of gari made from these roots were also investigated. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was conducted to identify parameters contributing to major sensory variations in the gari samples while correlation analysis was adopted to determine relationships between cassava and gari properties. Biofortified cassava had the highest root size attributes. Moisture, starch and cyanide contents of the cassava roots were 64.01-77.38%, 31.47-61.94% and 40.52-58.86 mg/kg, respectively. TMS 30001 had highest pulp-to-peel ratio (3.96) and gari yield (20.11%). The particle size distributions, angles of repose, pH, and total titratable acidity of the gari samples differed significantly (p≤0.05). Cyanide content of gari from TMS 98/0581 was above WHO recommended safe limit of 10 mg/kg while gari from TMS 30001 had highest sesnory ratings, except in taste. PCA revealed overall acceptability, taste and colour as the top three sensory components contributing to variation in the gari samples. Root size negatively correlated with dry matter, starch content and gari yield. It was concluded that the various cassava varieties exhibited some distinct morpholgical and chemical characteristics which influenced their potentials for gari production.
OPTIMIZATION OF MEDIA COMPONENTS AND PROCESS PARAMETERS FOR MICROBIAL MEDIATED REMEDIATION OF AZO DYES: A REVIEW
Authors: Uppala Rajeswari , Muthukumaran AZhaguchamy 
Published: December 2021

Azo dyes are one of the most commonly used synthetic dyes with enormous applications in the textile industry. The recalcitrant properties of azo dyes could be attributed to the highly complex chemical organization. The limitations such as high cost and emergence of secondary toxic pollutants as by-products associated with physicochemical mode of degradation urged researchers to explore potential alternatives. Microorganisms having versatile metabolic pathways and adaptations to different environmental conditions gained the attention of researchers to exploit them for azo dyes degradation in a cost-effective manner. The azo dye degradation using microbial sources proved to be a promising approach as compared to conventional physicochemical approaches. Microorganisms can induce different metabolic pathways in response to the external environment. The biodegradation efficacy of the microorganisms-based approach can be maximized by optimizing the culture media and process parameters. Optimization techniques predict the conditions required to increase the efficacy of azo dyes degradation by microbial sources and also decrease the number of experimental runs to achieve the maximum percentage of degradation. Interaction of variables such as medium components and process parameters can be determined using optimization tools. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based optimization approaches were discussed in this review with special emphasis on microbial degradation of azo dyes.
Improving Shared Situation Awareness for High-risk Therapies in Hospitalized Children
Authors: Sosa Tina , Mayer Beth , Chakkalakkal Bindu , Drozd Alisha , Hater Karen , Johnson Andrea , Nasr Alexander , Seger Brandy M. , Meyer Rachel , Dewan Maya , White Christine M. , Brady Patrick W. 
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND
High-risk therapies (HRTs), including medications and medical devices, are an important driver of preventable harm in children’s hospitals. To facilitate shared situation awareness (SA) and thus targeted harm prevention, we aimed to increase the percentage of electronic health record (EHR) alerts with the correct descriptor of an HRT from 11% to 100% on a high-acuity hospital unit over a 6-month period.

METHODS
The interdisciplinary team defined an HRT as a medication or device with a significant risk for harm that required heightened awareness. Our aim for interventions was to (1) educate staff on a new HRT algorithm; (2) develop a comprehensive table of HRTs, risks, and mitigation plans; (3) develop bedside signs for patients receiving HRTs; and (4) restructure unit huddles. Qualitative interviews with families, nurses, and medical teams were used to assess shared SA and inform the development and adaptation of interventions. The primary outcome metric was the percentage of EHR alerts for an HRT that contained a correct descriptor of the therapy for use by the care team and institutional safety leaders.

RESULTS
The percentage of EHR alerts with a correct HRT descriptor increased from an average of 11% to 96%, with special cause variation noted on a statistical process control chart. Using qualitative interview data, we identified critical awareness gaps, including establishing a shared mental model between nursing staff and the medical team as well as engagement of families at the bedside to monitor for complications.

CONCLUSIONS
Explicit, structured processes and huddles can increase HRT SA among the care team, patient, and family.
Changes in microbial composition and quality characteristics of yellowfin tuna under different storage temperature
Authors: Wang Di , Deng Jianchao , Li Xupeng , Yang Xianqing , Chen Shengjun , Zhao Yongqiang , Li Chunsheng , Wu Yanyan 
Published: December 2021

Yellowfin tuna is one of the commercially important fish varieties, and inappropriate storing may deteriorate its safety and quality. This study aimed to investigate the microbial composition and quality characteristics of yellowfin tuna stored at different temperatures for varying amounts of time. With an increase in the storage temperature and storage time, the biogenic amines, the total volatile basic nitrogen TVB-N, and the total viable cell count steadily increased, which influenced the quality of tuna. The most significant histamine concerning food safety reached levels of 21.25, 235.05, 1166.18, and 3799.29 mg/kg, respectively. The values of total viable cell counts were increased to 7.04, 7.97, 8.24, and 8.91 log CFU/g after storage at 0, 4, 10, and 20 °C for 12 days, 7 days, 7 days, 3 days, respectively. Additionally, changes in microbial composition were evaluated by high-throughput sequencing, and the results showed that Pseudomonas was the dominant spoilage bacteria in yellowfin tuna. The bacterial dynamics and their correlation with biogenic amines and TVB-N in yellowfin tuna were analyzed. A positive correlation between Pseudomonas, Shewanella, Morganella, Acinetobacter, and biogenic amines was found. Pseudomonas showed significant correlation with histamine, cadaverine, and putrescine. This study provides insights into yellowfin tuna quality and microbial composition, which provide theoretical guidance for maintaining seafood safety and quality during distribution and storage.
Assessment of the cellular immunity response to the new coronavirus infection COVID-19
Authors: Lobov A. V. , Ivanova P. I. , Pogodina E. A. , Kazey V. I. , Maksimova E. D. , Shubina I. Zh. 
Published: December 2021

In December 2019 humanity faced a new coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus and the disease referred to as COVID-19 has spread globally.Specially adapted for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA tests based on polymerase chain reaction are used to identify infected patients by processing nasal and oropharyngeal swabs. However, often it may not be sufficient to use polymerase chain reaction only, but in many cases it is very important to assess the humoral and cellular immune reactions to the infection.The present review aims to summarize and analyze the available literature data on the formation of the immune response and diagnostic methods used for characteristics of the immune reactions in patients who recovered from COVID-19 or received an anti-COVID-19 vaccine.Currently, the effectiveness of anti-COVID-19 vaccination and the developing immunity after a previous illness are assessed by detecting specific antibodies. A number of observations show that anti-S and anti-RDB IgG titers significantly decline within 6–8 months after diagnosis. It is important to note that although the antibody levels in the blood of recovered patients decrease, the memory cells can be determined by the appropriate tests.The ELISPOT (Enzyme-linked immunospot) method, which is a variation of the ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), allows estimation the T- and B-cells that release activation factors such as cytokines and antibodies in response to the presented antigens.The assessment of the generation and effective function of the immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 requires the evaluation of the content and functional activity of its various components, including B-lymphocytes, CD8+, CD4+T-lymphocytes, since they have rather independent mechanisms of action of cellular memory.Therefore, it is crucially important to have tools for evaluating the immunity to SARS-CoV-2 when the level of antibodies is insufficient for determination by the available registered tests, and the introduction of test systems into clinical diagnostic practice, allowing to identify markers of long-term cellular memory, are relevant.
Oncogenic papillomaviruses: reproductive problems in infected males
Authors: Volgareva G. M. 
Published: December 2021

Human papillomaviruses (HPV) of the high-risk types cause carcinomas in cervix uteri, vulva, vagina, penis, anus, as well as in certain sites of head and neck – oral cavity, oropharynx, tonsils, larynx. HPV of types 16 and 18 are the most widespread ones. Papillomaviruses of low oncogenic risk, HPV of types 6 and 11, cause recurrent respiratory papillomatosis and anogenital warts. Preventive vaccinations against HPV are not included into the National mandatory immunization schedule in Russia; however, they are being executed in several country areas in a form of regional programs. Substantial contingents are not embraced by the procedures as yet. A family can make decision of its own whether to vaccinate the adolescent child on paid basis. To make decision in favor of vaccination complete awareness is needful on the HPV infection consequences. As far as viruses of the given group became primarily known as cervical cancer etiological agents certain risk persists of “feminization” of notions about unfavorable effects of the HPV infection thus resulting in debates on usefulness of boys’ preventive vaccination.In this connection the purpose of the review was consideration of HPV effects on male reproductive potential. Oncogenic HPVs are frequently found in healthy donors’ sperm. HPV DNA can penetrate from sperm into oocyte under experimental conditions. Seminal fluid of HPV-positive males is a storage tank of the virus as well as the source of its distribution throughout population. DNA of oncogenic HPV was detected in endosomes of seminal lymphocytes. The latter fact opposes the canonic notion of strict HPV epitheliotropy. Correlation exists between the seminal fluid HPV-positivity of a certain man and his fertility drop. Reproductologists believe failures of some married couples when using assisted reproductive technologies may result from partner’s seminal HPV positivity. The successful attempt is known of semen parameters’ normalization in men with reduced fertility after inoculation with the quadrivalent Gardasil vaccine.It seems reasonable to consider the data on unfavorable effects of HPV infection on male reproductive potential as an argument for boys’ preventive HPV vaccination. It would help not only to prevent the HPV-associated oncological diseases in men but the distribution of the given infection around the population as a whole; it would contribute to more successes in solving demographic problems.
The role of a new <i>ALK</i> isoform in the diagnosis and targeted therapy of skin melanoma
Authors: Titov K. S. , Markin A. A. , Kazakov A. M. , Chulkova S. V. 
Published: December 2021

Contemporary discoveries of fundamental science in recent decades in the field of oncology have led to the emergence of new highly effective anticancer drugs: targeted drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors, use of which has made a breakthrough in the treatment of oncological diseases, including skin melanoma. Melanoma is still one of the most cancerous tumors. The number of patients resistant to targeted therapy and immunotherapy increases in the world every year. Oncologists have practically no leverage to influence the disease after the development of resistance to this type of therapy. In this regard, scientists around the world are looking for new application points for targeted drugs. Nowadays, the most common treatment method is BRAF inhibitors, since the BRAF mutation is detected in 40–60 % of patients with skin melanoma. However, the resistance to BRAF inhibitor therapy occur in half cases after 6–8 months. To overcome the resistance to the target therapy is one the most important issue, the studying of new isoform of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) may help to solve this problem.Purpose of the study – to order the data of the leading researchers of a new isoform of ALK, and reveal the most promising directions for its further progress.In the article, there are comparisons and analyses the 6 of the largest studies over the past 5 years devoted to a new isoform of ALK.The joint inhibition of the new ALK isoform and BRAFV600 showed positive results in several studies with different levels of ALKATI expression (alternative initiation of ALK transcription). The new ALK isoform can stimulate oncogenesis only within a certain “threshold” level of expression. Immunohistochemical examination cannot be the main method for determining the expression of a new ALK isoform due to low sensitivity. In almost all studies, tumors with ALK translocation responded to therapy with ALK inhibitors.Even though that the role of the new ALK isoform has been studied in recent years, the optimal method for evaluating the expression of ALKATI in routine practice has not yet been determined. Additional studies are also needed to understand the effectiveness of the use of ALК inhibitors in combination with BRAF and ERK inhibitors. Of interest is the blockade of extracellular vesicles and the study of the role of interleukin-3 in the inhibition of ALKATI.