bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multicentre, longitudinal, observational cohort study to examine the relationship between neutrophil function and sepsis in adults and children with severe thermal injuries: a protocol for the Scientific Investigation of the Biological Pathways Following Thermal Injury-2 (SIFTI-2) study
Authors: Hazeldine Jon , McGee Kirsty C , Al-Tarrah Khaled , Hassouna Tarek , Patel Krupali , Imran Rizwana , Bishop Jonathan R B , Bamford Amy , Barnes David , Wilson Yvonne , Harrison Paul , Lord Janet M , Moiemen Naiem S 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionBurn-induced changes in the phenotype and function of neutrophils, cells which provide front-line protection against rapidly dividing bacterial infections, are emerging as potential biomarkers for the early prediction of sepsis. In a longitudinal study of adult burns patients, we recently demonstrated that a combined measurement of neutrophil phagocytic capacity, immature granulocyte (IG) count and plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) levels on the day of injury gave good discriminatory power for the prediction of later sepsis development. However, limited by a small sample size, single-centre design and focus on adult burns patients, these biomarkers require prospective validation in a larger patient cohort. The Scientific Investigation of the Biological Pathways Following Thermal Injury-2 study aims to prospectively validate neutrophil phagocytic activity, IG count and plasma cfDNA levels as early prognostic biomarkers of sepsis in thermally injured adult and paediatric patients.Methods and analysisThis multicentre, longitudinal, observational cohort study will enrol 245 paediatric and adult patients with moderate to severe burns within 24 hours of injury. Blood samples will be obtained at 19 postinjury time points (days 1–14, day 28, months 3, 6, 12 and 24) and analysed for neutrophil phagocytic activity, IG count and cfDNA levels. Patients will be screened daily for sepsis using the 2007 American Burn Association diagnostic criteria for sepsis. In addition, daily multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Scores will be recorded relationships between neutrophil phagocytic activity, IG count and plasma cfDNA levels on day 1 of injury and the development of sepsis will be examined using logistic regression models.Ethics and disseminationThis study received ethics approval from the West Midlands, Coventry and Warwickshire Research Ethics Committee (REC reference:16/WM/0217). Findings will be presented at national and international conferences, and submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT04693442.
Exploring the meaning, role and experiences of a patient-led social innovation for people affected by cancer: a new collaborative care model complementing traditional cancer rehabilitation in Sweden
Authors: Smith Frida , Hellström Andreas , Gunnarsdóttir Katrín Ásta , Genell Anna , Eriksson Erik , Mannefred Carina , Björk-Eriksson Thomas , Vaughn Lisa 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveKraftens Hus is the first support centre in Sweden designed by and for people affected by cancer, including patients, family, friends, staff members and local community representatives (collectively ‘stakeholders’). The purpose of this study was to explore the meaning, role and experiences of Kraftens Hus stakeholders using a patient and public involved methodology.MethodsTo understand and map the experiences of visitors to Kraftens Hus, we applied concept mapping (CM), a mixed methods approach where data are collected and analysed in four structured steps designed to capture the diverse perspectives of multiple stakeholders. Qualitative interviews with relevant stakeholders supplemented the CM findings.ResultsThe final concept map contained six clusters of ideas. Within the clusters, there was a recurring theme that cancer-affected people value accessible and long-term psychosocial support (PSS). The intended emotional, social and practical needs identified in a previous design process seem to have been addressed and appreciated by Kraftens Hus visitors.ConclusionKraftens Hus is an example of a new patient-led social innovation based on a life-event perspective and integration of resources from different sectors in society. By focusing on life, not the disease, the care continuum expands, and long-term PSS is provided alongside cancer treatment. The evaluation confirms that PSS should focus on health and well-being in the broadest sense.
Alcoholic Psychoses
Authors: Marjot David H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe study of alcoholic psychoses in Servicemen shows the clinical picture to be more varied than is usually believed and that they have much in common with other drug states.The ‘pharmacological’ and ‘withdrawal’ theories of alcoholic psychoses receive clinical support. The brevity of the binge which can produce physical dependence is not widely recognised.Alcoholic psychoses not only conform to the classic organic reaction types, but may also resemble schizophrenia.
Problems of Communication and Ear Protection in the Royal Marines
Authors: Forrest M. R. , Coles R. R. A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA simple modification to the V.51R-type plug has enabled ease of communication to be combined with adequate protection against high-intensity noises, notably of gunfire origin. These Gundefenders were developed and tested in the laboratory by means of hard-walled artificial ears, cadaver ears, pure-tone and speech audiometric threshold shifts. Their performance was proved by means of series of TTS studies and communication trials. It is believed that these earplugs should now replace conventional earplugs for usage in all gunfire noise exposure situations in which the latter are normally used.
Hot-Climate Fatigue in the Far East Fleet 1966-1968 Surveys of Lay Opinion
Authors: Mallows H. R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFrom a subjective survey it was found that 54 per cent of officers and 52 per cent of ratings considered themselves less efficient, and 24 per cent of officers and 40 per cent of ratings considered themselves less healthy in the Far East than in Home Waters.The outstanding cause of loss of efficiency was a general lethargy which the majority of both officers and ratings attributed entirely to the climate.Compared with a similar survey in un-air-conditioned ships in 1951 the percentage of personnel less efficient had decreased from 80-95 per cent down to 50-60 per cent and of those less healthy from 70-75 per cent down to 40 per cent. There is still, however, ample room for further improvement.
Recruitment for the Military
Authors: Wallis Geoffrey G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHaving reviewed some methods of military selection, their peculiar difficulties and ways of assessing their results, such as wastage rates and military effectiveness, this paper demonstrates limitations in the predictive value of cognitive ability and the need to consider other personality variables and features in the life history. United States Navy studies on marginal recruits and high school enlistees have led to the construction of actuarial forecasts of probability of success. The Royal Naval recruiting procedure, although adaptable to national circumstances, contrasts with a scheme for centralised selection which is being initiated in the British Army and has many potentialities. The author suggests that future research should include the selective power of seclusiveness, anti-authoritarianism, personal stress, step-sibling rivalry, parental antisocial behaviour and short pyknic physique.
An Improved Method of Elevation of the Injured Hand
Authors: McMillan G. H. Grant 
Published: October 2021

AbstractElevation often forms an integral part of the treatment of surgical and accidental trauma to the hand. Existing methods of elevation were found unsatisfactory. All the features considered desirable have been incorporated in the apparatus described below, which has been designed by the staff of the Orthopaedic Department, Royal Naval Hospital, Plymouth.
Stress Fractures in Royal Marine Recruits
Authors: Bertram J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe main features of stress fractures in Royal Marine recruits are that they occur in normal bones, most often those that are weight bearing. There is no history of injury, but there is usually a history of unaccustomed or more vigorous activity for some weeks before onset. The main symptom is pain on use of the affected part and this pain is relieved by rest. Localised tenderness and soft tissue swelling are present at the fracture site when the affected bone is readily palpable. Radiological changes are absent in the first seven to ten days, but become visible within two months, unless treatment starts or stress ceases early.
Patella Cubiti — Developmental or Traumatic?
Authors: Mackenzie Fergus , Gordon Pugh P. D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe radiological and operative findings of a case of patella cubiti are described. Films were available during the stage of ossification of the secondary epiphyses for the tip of the olecranon process which also showed a supernumerary centre in the region of triceps tendon. The patella cubiti was formed by a fusion of all of these centres to leave a corresponding defect at the tip of the olecranon. This confirms a developmental rather than a traumatic origin for this rare accessory bone.
Report of the Whale Island Hearing Conservation Programme for the Gunnery Branch of the Royal Navy
Authors: Toal P. F. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAn audiometric survey of Seaman Gunners joining Whale Island in the summer and autumn of 1969 to do the Basic Gunnery Course showed that there was a 40 per cent incidence of high tone deafness. As a result of this survey a Hearing Conservation Programme for the Gunnery Branch of the Royal Navy was started. In order to determine its success, a follow-up of Seaman Gunners joining HMS ‘Excellent’ in the summer and autumn of 1971 was carried out and showed that the incidence of high tone deafness in this second group had dropped to 24 per cent. Although not statistically significant, results are encouraging in that they reveal a 90 per cent probability that real improvements had occurred. The problem of the disposal of those gunnery rates with moderate deafness not sufficiently severe to warrant invaliding is also discussed.
Northern Ireland – February to June 1973
Authors: Pace T. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFebruary 1973 saw the deployment of 42 Commando RM to the same area of Belfast that was covered in the preceding June by 40 Commando RM. The purpose was the continuation of Internal Security duties. The total area covered by the Unit measures approximately fifteen square miles, yet all of the casualties, with the exception of those occurring in a traffic accident, happened over an area of one quarter of a square mile.The hostile area was that of the New Lodge, a Republican oriented stronghold. The tactics employed by the urban guerrilla during this tour were those of the hidden bomber and the hit-and-run gunman.By the end of the tour in June, the calculated number of rounds of ammunition fired at the Unit was two hundred and twenty eight, and sixty bomb incidents had been dealt with. Two deaths and over a score of injuries were suffered by the Unit in this time.
Janiceps A Case of Conjoined Twins
Authors: Jackson M. C. H. , Twomey J. C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA case of Conjoined or ‘Siamese’ Twins recently occurred in the Royal Naval Maternity Unit, Malta. This article does not set out to prove any new theories concerning the origin of these rare monsters, but the historical background is reviewed together with an outline of their classification, to which there is scanty reference in the literature. Our case is described and a few lessons to be learnt are discussed.
Treatment of Gonorrhoea and Non Gonococcal Urethritis with Spiramycin
Authors: Williams J. G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA trial to assess the efficacy of spiramycin in the treatment of gonorrhoea and non-gonococcal urethritis was carried out on board a Royal Navy Frigate on a tour of duty in the Caribbean.Seventeen men were treated for gonorrhoea with a single dose of spiramycin 2.5 gms. A 64.7 per cent cure rate was achieved. Twenty-one men were treated for non-gonococcal urethritis with spiramycin 2 g/day for five days and a 90.5 per cent cure rate was achieved. No side-effects were encountered.
Surgery for Recurrent Dislocation of the Mandible
Authors: Hall T. J. C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper describes a technique for prevention of recurrent dislocation originated by Gosserez and Dautrey (1967). Limitation of condylar movement is achieved by placing the posterior end of the zygomatic arch, following a single section, below the articular eminence of the temporal bone.
A Supernumerary Tooth in the Lower Molar Region: A Case Report
Authors: Langan L. C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSupernumerary teeth in the upper third molar region are relatively common but cases in the lower jaw are rare. In his survey of supernumerary teeth Stafne (1932) saw 131 upper but only 10 lower fourth molars. The following is a report of a single supernumerary tooth in the lower third molar region.
Replacing the shot-out joint
Authors: Shiers L. G. P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOver the last several years the wars in the Near and Far East and the bombings involving civilians have brought a new type of injury in London – the shot-out joint. In a severe case the entire articulation of the knee or elbow is blasted away leaving insufficient bone for arthrodesis and amputation as the onlv apparent treatment.The two cases about to be described offer an alternative using a hinge devised by the author originally for the treatment of osteo or rheumatoid arthritis.
Surgical Correction of Jaw Deformity
Authors: Sharpe G. D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSurgical correction of the protruding mandible, to produce both better dental function and aesthetic appearance, has been practised for many years, and several well-established procedures are in use to this end. This is in no way intended as a presentation of new material, but rather it is hoped to bring before medical and dental colleagues some information on the types of deformity that can be treated, what surgerv is involved, and what the liabilities are for the patient in terms of discomfort and time off work.
Diarrhea duration and performance outcomes of pre-weaned dairy calves supplemented with bacteriophage
Authors: Schmoeller Evandro , de Matos Adriane D. C. , Rahal Natalia M. , Feijo Josiane O. , Brauner Cassio C. , Del Pino Francisco Augusto B. , Correa Marcio N. , Rabassa Viviane R. 
Published: October 2021

This study aimed to evaluate lytic bacteriophage supplementation in pre-weaned dairy calves on disease occurrence, performance, and biochemical parameters. Two hundred Holstein × Gyr crossbred female calves were divided into two groups: CON, no supplementation; and PHAGE, bacteriophage supplementation (1 g·d−1) from day 3 until day 70 of life. Calves were monitored daily for age of first diarrheal episode and its duration. Fecal samples were cultured for bacterial isolation and PCR was performed to identify Escherichia coli virulence genes and to confirm Salmonella spp. Performance outcomes were evaluated up to 80 d of age. Blood samples were collected to determine serum levels of total proteins, albumin, cholesterol, γ-glutamyl transferase, and urea. PHAGE group had fewer days with diarrhea (PHAGE: 4.68 d, CON: 6.61 d; P = 0.03). Fecal samples of three animals in PHAGE and nine in CON were positive for E. coli after PCR tests. Average daily gain of PHAGE was higher up to 80 d of life (P < 0.05). PHAGE mean was lower for albumin and higher for urea (P = 0.004 and P < 0.001, respectively). Phage therapy during the pre-weaned period reduced the duration of neonatal diarrhea, providing greater weight gain for calves.
Allelopathic effects of native and exotic Prosopis congeners in Petri dishes and potting soils: assessment of the congeneric approach
Authors: Tsombou François Mitterand , El-Keblawy Ali , Elsheikh Elsiddig A.E. , AbuQamar Synan F. , El-Tarabily Khaled A. 
Published: October 2021

The congeneric approach assesses the relative role of exotic invasive plants compared to native plants on associated species. However, most studies on seed germination have been conducted in Petri dishes that do not reflect natural soil conditions. Here, we compared the effects of different litter extracts of the exotics Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. and Prosopis pallida (Willd.) Kunth, as well as native Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce, on seed germination and seedling dry weight of two weedy plants (Amaranthus graecizans L. and Sisymbrium irio L.) and the native Senecio flavus (Decne.) Sch.Bip. in both Petri dishes and potted soil experiments. The results indicate that non-treated seeds (control) of the three species attained more than 95% germination in the Petri dishes (in vitro). The increase in the litter concentrations of both invasive Prosopis species inhibited the native Senecio flavus germination and significantly reduced germination and seedling weight of the weedy A. graecizans and Sisymbrium irio. Nevertheless, the native P. cineraria extracts had significant depressive effects on seed germination and seedling growth of the native Senecio flavus but limited effects on the weedy A. graecizans and Sisymbrium irio. The results support a greater impact of exotic than native congener on native plants. To better assess allelopathic effects, it is recommended to not rely on germination in Petri dishes.
Characterization of soil magnetic susceptibility: a review of fundamental concepts, instrumentation, and applications
Authors: Shirzaditabar Farzad , Heck Richard J. 
Published: October 2021

The characterization of magnetic susceptibility (MS) has become an accepted technique in soil science. This review examines the concept of volume and mass-specific MS, magnetism, frequency dependence, and thermal behavior of MS, as they pertain to soil material. A comparison is presented of the two types of instrumentation for measuring soil MS, based on magnetic field and electromagnetic induction (EMI). These are discussed with respect to applications including magnetic granulometry, detection of pollutants, identification of organic matter, the delineation of drainage class, paleo-environmental studies, archaeology, as well as soil erosion and degradation. Instruments that use magnetic fields can precisely measure the MS of small amounts of soil, thinly deposited layers or soil exposures, but cannot effectively measure materials at distances ≥10 cm from the sensor. EMI instruments, instead, are capable of quickly measuring apparent MS of a finite volume of the soil, and are utilized in mapping of soil MS in agricultural and archaeological investigations; however, the measured apparent MS values need to be further processed to give the real volume MS values of soil layers/segments. Although both kinds of instruments are widely used in soil science, their measured data are not interchangeable. Future work should be conducted to increase the understanding of the comparability of these instruments to find better utility among soil scientists.
Glacial processes and landforms
Authors: Evans David J. A. , Evans Ian S. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
From 1965 to 2000 glacial geomorphology became increasingly specialized and developed significantly due to technological improvements, particularly in remote sensing, surveying and field-based glaciological process studies. The better understanding of basal thermal regimes in ice sheets and glaciers led to the development of concepts such as spatial and temporal migration of ice divides in dynamic ice sheets that could overprint subglacial landform assemblages, debris entrainment processes related to polythermal glacier systems, and glacier and ice sheet beds composed of cold and warm based mosaics. Process observations at the ice–bed interface led to the discovery of the third glacier flow mechanism, substrate deformation, which provided the impetus to reconstruct the genesis of subglacial bedforms such as drumlins and to evaluate the origins and potential flow law for till. Numerical evaluations of glacial erosion led to a better understanding of abrasion and quarrying as well as the erection of genetic models and erosion rates for larger-scale features such as U-shaped valleys and cirques. Linkages were made between debris transport pathways and moraine construction in supraglacial environments, with the role of glacier structure being linked to specific landforms, such as medial, lateral, hummocky and ice-cored moraines as well as rock glaciers. Our appreciation of the erosional and depositional impacts of glacifluvial systems was enhanced significantly with the advent of process observations on the hydrology of modern glaciers as well as the final vindication of J.H. Bretz and his proposed jökulhlaup origins of the Channelled Scablands and the Missoula Floods. In addition to the increasing numbers of studies at modern glacier snouts, the embracing of sedimentology by glacial geomorphologists was to result in significant developments in understanding the process-form regimes of subglacial, marginal and proglacial landforms, particularly the recognition of landform continua and hybrids. Advances resulting from this included the recognition of different modes of moraine and glacitectonic thrust mass development, lithofacies models of the varied glacifluvial depositional environments, and the initial expansion of work on the sediments and depocentres of glacimarine settings, the latter being the result of glacial research taking to submersibles and ice-strengthened ships for the first time. A similarly new frontier was the expansion of research on the increasingly higher resolution images returning from Mars, where extraterrestrial glaciations were recognized based on comparisons with Earth analogues. Holistic appreciations of glaciation signatures using landform assemblages were developed, initially as process-form models and later as glacial landsystems, providing an ever-expanding set of templates for reconstructing palaeoglaciology in the wide variety of topographic and environmental settings, which also acknowledge spatial and temporal change in glacier and ice sheet systems.
An Improved Group Signature Scheme with VLR over Lattices
Authors: Zhang Yanhua , Liu Ximeng , Hu Yupu , Jia Huiwen , Zhang Qikun 
Published: October 2021

For group signatures (GS) supporting membership revocation, verifier-local revocation (VLR) mechanism is the most flexible choice. As a post-quantum secure cryptographic counterpart of classical schemes, the first dynamic GS-VLR scheme over lattices was put forward by Langlois et al. at PKC 2014; furthermore, a corrected version was shown at TCS 2018. However, both designs are within Bonsai trees and featuring bit-sizes of group public-key and member secret signing key proportional to

log

N

where N is the group size; therefore, both schemes are not suitable for a large group. In this paper, we provide an improved dynamic GS-VLR over lattices, which is efficient by eliminating a

O

log

N

factor for both sizes. To realize the goal, we adopt a more efficient and compact identity-encoding technique. At the heart of our new construction is a new Stern-type statistical zero-knowledge argument of knowledge protocol which may be of some independent cryptographic interest.