bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Canadian veterinarians with regard to Lyme disease in dogs
Authors: Nichol Grace K. , Weese J. Scott , Evason Michelle , Clow Katie M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe blacklegged tick (BLT) is a vector for the bacteriumBorrelia burgdorferi(Bb), which causes Lyme disease. Range expansion of the BLT in Canada is related to an increased risk of Lyme disease in many regions. Current literature, such as the 2018 American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine consensus statement, suggests that there may be differences in the approaches of veterinarians who encounter dogs exposed to Bb and dogs with Lyme disease.ObjectivesTo determine current knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Canadian veterinarians regarding Lyme disease in dogs.AnimalsNone.MethodsAn online survey was distributed to Canadian veterinarians through veterinary associations and industries. Survey responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics, spatial analysis, Fisher's exact tests, and univariable logistic regression.ResultsAt the completion of the survey, 192 responses were received from veterinarians practicing in all 10 Canadian provinces. Answers to short scenario and treatment questions reflected a wide variety of clinical approaches taken by veterinarians. Regional differences were seen in reported tick distribution and clinical approaches.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceRegional differences and generalized differences were found in approaches used by responding Canadian veterinarians with regard to managing Bb exposure and Lyme disease in dogs. We identified areas for future research and knowledge mobilization for veterinarians.
Jim Crow and John Bull in London: Transatlantic Encounters with Race and Nation in the Second World War
Authors: Ayers Oliver 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe arrival of a segregated American army on British shores during the Second World War forced the UK government and the public to confront questions of race and nation in new ways. This article places London, the imperial metropolis, in a central role in this wartime drama by deploying evidence compiled as part of the Mapping Black London in World War II digital history project. The article reveals a hitherto under‐acknowledged range and scale of African American activity in the capital, with a cast of characters including newspaper correspondents, musicians, social workers, nurses, political activists and, of course, many thousands of service personnel – both men and women. For an African American public back home, these metropolitan activities were viewed both as part of the international war effort and also from the perspective of a domestic American scene affected by rural to urban migration and an upsurge in racial protest and tension. The result was a short, sharp but transformative transatlantic encounter that highlights the connections between historical trajectories often considered in separate terms: the US civil rights movement, British domestic race relations, and the international forces – not least the decline of European empire fomented by war – that bound them together.
Use of convalescent plasma for managing severe COVID‐19 infection in 2‐month‐old infant
Authors: Shukla Umesh , Bhakhri Bhanu , Arora Satyam , Jain Mukul , Jain Vikas , Dua Seema , Singh Dharmendra Kumar , Gupta Devendra Kumar 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA 58‐day‐old female infant reported with complaints of fever, difficult breathing, loose stool, vomiting and refusal to feed for 4 days. Laboratory work showed anaemia, leucocytosis with elevated neutrophils and thrombocytopenia along with high C‐reactive protein and D‐dimer with bilateral patchy infiltrate on X‐ray and positivity for COVID‐19. Her blood culture was also positive for Gram‐negative bacilli (acinetobacter lwoffii). Along with antibiotics, she was given 50 ml convalescent plasma. She was off oxygen within 2 days and showed improvement in lung lesions, and RT‐PCR was negative by day 7 and discharged by day 10 of transfusion.
Performance and Losses Analysis for Radial Turbine Featuring a Multi-Channel Casing Design
Authors: Hassan Ahmed Farid Ayad , Schatz Markus , Vogt Damian M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A novel control technique for radial turbines is under investigation for providing turbine performance controllability, especially in turbocharger applications. This technique is based on replacing the traditional spiral casing with a multi-channel casing (MC). The MC divides the turbine rotor inlet circumferentially into a certain number of channels. Opening and closing these channels controls the inlet area and, consequently, the turbine performance. The MC can be distinguished from other available control techniques in that it contains no movable parts or complicated control mechanisms. Within the casing, this difference makes it practical for a broader range of applications. In this investigation, a turbocharger featuring a turbine with MC has been tested on a hot gas test stand. The experimental test results show a reduction in the turbine operating efficiency when switching from full to partial admission. This reduction increases when reducing the admission percentage. To ensure the best performance of the turbine featuring MC while operating at different admission configurations, it becomes crucial to investigate its internal flow field at both full and partial admission to understand the reasons for this performance reduction. A full 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of the turbine was created for this investigation. It focuses on identifying the loss mechanisms associated with partial admission. Steady and unsteady simulations were performed and validated with available test data. The simulation results show that operating the turbine at partial admission results in highly disturbed flow. It also detects the places where aerodynamic losses occur and which are responsible for this performance reduction. This operation also shows flow unsteadiness even when operating at steady conditions. This unsteadiness depends mainly on the admission configuration and percentage.
Averaging for High Fidelity Modeling—Toward Large Eddy Simulations in Multi-Passage Multi-Row Configurations
Authors: He L. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A major challenge in high-fidelity turbomachinery flow computations is the need for high resolution in a very large domain of multiple blade-passages and multiple blade rows. Scale-resolving turbulent solutions are prohibitively costly. The question is, what will it take to get high-fidelity solutions if we are only after time-mean flows for aerothermal performance?
A novel two-scale approach is adopted to address the issue by coupling between a local fine-mesh domain in a single-passage and a global coarse-mesh multi-passage domain. This is achieved by harnessing the extra product terms generated when averaging a nonlinear process in time, as well as in space. As such a space-time averaging is purposely applied in either a direct mode or an inverse one in the two domains respectively. The source terms in a compact form (one scalar for one equation) are conveniently obtained to enable the interaction between the single-passage fine-mesh and the multi-passage coarse-mesh solutions. The converged solution for this two-scale coupled system should meet two seemingly conflicting requirements: an otherwise poorly conditioned local fine-mesh domain is now subject to a right environment/flow conditions, and an otherwise poorly resolved global coarse-mesh domain is now effectively subject to high resolution. In this paper, the concepts, the formulations of the framework methodology, and the implementation methods will be described. The validity and feasibility of the approach for efficient scale-resolving high- fidelity turbomachinery flow simulations will be illustrated by several computational examples of practical interest.
The Difficulties of Predicting the Coefficient of Friction in Cold Flat Rolling
Authors: Szűcs Máté , Krallics György , Lenard John G. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The flat rolling process is initiated when the frictional forces draw the strip to be rolled into the roll gap. These forces depend on the coefficient of friction, knowledge of which is essential to understand, describe, and analyze the process. Several predictive formulae for the coefficient have been presented in the technical literature. Contradictions are observed, however, when their predictions are compared to each other. The data obtained while cold rolling aluminum and steel strips are used in the analyses. A model of the rolling process—accounting for strain hardening, frictional events, and varying speeds—is then used to determine the coefficients of friction. The use of statistical analyses is found to yield more reliable results than the use of the predictive relations.
Energy Efficiency of Drying Kinetics Process of Hydroxide Sludge Wastes in an Indirect Convection Solar Dryer
Authors: Fantasse Azeddine , Lakhal El Khadir , Idlimam Ali , Berroug Fatiha 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The treatment of sludge, which is produced from raw water treatment, has been considered as an ecologically sensitive problem in terms of energy and pollution. In this context, this study presents many series of solar drying tests that were carried on three samples of sludge obtained from several drinking water treatment plants in Marrakech-Safi regions, Morocco. The main aim is to develop further management processes of these wastes such as upgrading or storage. A partially solar indirect convective dryer operating in forced convection was used to run experiment tests. The temperature of air has ranged from 50 to 90°C and the relative humidity from 24% to 46%. The drying airflow was kept at about 0.0833 m3/s. An estimation of the mass diffusion coefficient and the activation energy during vacuum drying besides the characteristic convective drying curve were established. In addition, six semi-theoretical and/or empirical and statistical models were used to predict experimental data. It was found that the temperature was the most important factor during the drying process. Furthermore, the obtained results of mass diffusion coefficient and activation energy were found consistent with those already existing in the literature. The mathematical model called “Midilli–Kucuk” was found to be the most appropriate to describe the drying curves of the three samples. The total energy consumption was also studied. It showed a downward tendency with the increase in temperature. The efficiency of drying energy ranged from 4.89% to 7.5%. Although it was found to be low, it can be improved by increasing the load.
Design of a Single-Phase Switched Boost Inverter With Important Potential of Conversion in Variable Conditions
Authors: Amari Yehya , Hasni Mourad , Labdai Sami , Mellit Adel 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a single-phase switched boost inverter is proposed. Dividing converted sources is a very popular technique in recent years, as well as the demand for high output voltage quality by the use of a small number of switches. The analysis and simulation study revealed that this inverter has a good potential in terms of conversion quality (high voltage gain, low total harmonic distortion (THD), low cost, simple structure, and easy to control) and can be used in photovoltaic applications as well as in embedded systems. Experimental results verify the functioning principle of the presented topology but this new topology needs more improvements to reach exactly the simulation results.
Recovery of Partial Heat of Pyrolysis From Solar Thermal Collector for Thermochemical Conversion of Food Waste
Authors: Ogedengbe E. O. B. , Odeleye J. O. , Enarevba D. R. , Ehinmowo A. B. , Awosanya O. G. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Biomass conversion processes can be energy intensive. There is a need to seek renewable sources to meet such energy demand. In this study, a partial heat of pyrolysis from a concentrated solar power (CSP)-based solar heat collector is modeled. A numerical investigation of the flow in the heat collector element (HCE) of the CSP is performed. By using the finite volume formulation, the fluid flow behavior within the pipe of the HCE is simulated to determine the thermal absorption, heat losses, and efficiency obtainable from the solar irradiation on the receiver tube. Monte-Carlo Ray-tracing based software, soltrace, is used to estimate the incident heat flux on the LS-2 receiver with an average direct normal irradiance (DNI) value, based on a comparative performance study of three types of molten salts (i.e., the heat transfer fluids (HTFs)). The performance of three kinds of the LS-2 HCE (i.e., vacuum, air-filled, and evacuated types) is also analyzed in terms of heat loss and efficiency measurements respectively. HITEC provides the best performance in terms of stability in delivering the partial heat of pyrolysis for the gasification of food waste on moderate velocities of 0.75—2 m/s. Also, the pyrolysis of the feedstock is proposed with an operating feedstock rate of 0.19 kg/s and 0.17 kg/s for lower heating value (LHV) and higher heating value (HHV), respectively. It is anticipated that the combined heat of pyrolysis from the proposed dual heat cycle, comprising both the CSP and a biogas plant, will provide a solution to the demand for alternative power from biomass energy conversion.
Multidimensional Data Modeling and Model Validation for Digital Twin Workshop
Authors: Qian Weiwei , Guo Yu , Cui Kai , Wu Pengxing , Fang Weiguang , Liu Daoyuan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Digital twin workshop (DTW) is an important embodiment of intelligent manufacturing in the workshop level, which enables the smart production control and management of the workshop. However, there still exist problems including data modeling and verification of digital model in the process of DTW construction. To solve these problem, multidimensional data modeling and model validation methods of DTW are proposed in this article. First, five-order tensor models for representing manufacturing elements are established to unify the data from physical workshop (PW) and virtual workshop (VW). Then, the mathematical method for verifying DTW twin model is proposed from the recessive and explicit perspective. Finally, a case study of an aerospace machining workshop is carried out to verify the operability and effectiveness of the proposed method. The case analysis shows that the proposed methods can effectively evaluate whether the twin model accurately provides the description of the actual behavior process of physical workshop, and the proposed methods have good performance.
A Method for Pump Manifold Performance Calculations in Hydraulic Air Compressors
Authors: Millar Dean , Pourmahdavi Maryam 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Analytical methods are described that were developed to undertake the pump manifold calculations for hydraulic air compressors (HACs) where multiple pumps are installed in parallel configurations. The procedures are fast and exact and were developed for design optimization and control tasks which, although described in the specific context of HACs, are also applicable to more general pumping systems. The proposed method uses a recursive/iterative procedure to establish the pump curve equivalent to the pump combination so that the design performance of the system can be assessed for any value of externally attached hydraulic resistance. The technique is verified against a numerical method applied to the same problem, but where the external hydraulic resistance must be completely specified for a solution. Losses at convergent and divergent wyes, which are required to create the parallel pump manifold arrangements, are found to be significant factors in establishing the overall energy efficiency of the pumping system. With efficient pump manifold arrangements designed, a so-called binary pumping scheme is explained, where individual pumps in the manifold can be activated (1) or deactivated (0) so that the pumping system flow can be reduced with good turn-down ratios while ensuring that the best efficiency point (BEP) efficiency of the system is maintained (exemplified with 4:1 or 25%).
Numerical Calibration of Three-Dimensional Printed Five-Hole Probes for the Transonic Flow Regime
Authors: Passmann Maximilian , aus der Wiesche Stefan , Joos Franz 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a method for a cost- and time-effective calibration procedure for five-hole probes for the transonic flow regime based on additive manufacturing and a numerical calibration routine. The computational setup and calibration routine are described in detail. The calibration procedure is tested on a custom-built L-shaped conical probe of 30 deg half-angle with a flat tip and an outer diameter of 2.4 mm. The probe tip is manufactured in stainless steel using direct metal laser sintering. Numerical calibration is carried out over a Mach number range of 0.2–1.4 and pitch and yaw angles of ±45 deg. The numerical calibration charts are validated with wind tunnel tests across the entire Mach number range and the expected accuracy of the numerical calibration method is quantified. Exemplary results of area traverses up- and downstream of a linear transonic turbine cascade with tip clearance are presented and discussed briefly.
Forecasting and Detection of Fatigue Cracks in Polycrystalline Alloys With Ultrasonic Testing Via Discrete Wavelet Transform
Authors: Alqahtani Hassan , Ray Asok 
Published: January 2021

AbstractForecasting and detection of fatigue cracks play a key role in damage mitigation of mechanical structures (e.g., those made of polycrystalline alloys) to enhance their service life, and ultrasonic testing (UT) has emerged as a powerful tool for detection of fatigue cracks at early stages of damage evolution. Along this line, the work reported in this paper aims to improve the performance of fatigue crack forecasting and detection based on a synergistic combination of discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and Hilbert transform (HT) of UT data, collected from a computer-instrumented and computer-controlled fatigue-testing apparatus. Performance of the proposed method is evaluated by comparison with the images generated from a digital microscope, which are treated as the ground truth in this paper. The results of comparison reveal that forthcoming fatigue cracks can be detected ahead of their appearance on the surface of test specimens. The proposed method apparently outperforms both HT and conventional DWT, when they are applied individually, because the synergistic combination of DWT and HT provides a better characterization of UT signal attenuation for detection of fatigue crack damage.
Energy, Exergy, Environmental (3E) and Parametric Assessment of a Triple-Pressure Reheat Combined-Cycle Power Plant
Authors: Jamnani Mohammadreza Babaei , Ting David S-K , Carriveau Rupp , Kardgar Amin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this study, energy, exergy, and environmental (3E) assessments have been conducted on a proposed combined-cycle power plant (CCPP) with three pressure levels of the HRSG and reheating process. 3E design approaches cross-link mechano-electric and environmental objectives. Herewith, the suggested combined-cycle is formed by a gas unit, condenser, steam turbines, triple-pressure heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) and also utilizes reheat facilities and auxiliary components. It is observed that more than 56% of total exergy destruction occurs in the combustor, followed by HRSG (15.29%), steam turbines (roughly 15.02%), gas turbine (8.93%), air compressor (1.79%), and condenser (0.66%). A parametric study is also presented that examines the sensitivity of performance indicators to various environmental states, steam pressures, pinch points, and steam mass flow rates. Moreover, it is presented that the implementation of Siemens SGT-100-1S over other GT configurations can considerably reduce deficiency of the overall cycle. The effects of each contaminant mass flowrate (NOx, CO, UHC, and CO2) and adiabatic flame temperature (AFT) are also studied when the gas unit operates under partial power and incomplete combustion conditions. In conclusion, a number of potential causes of irreversibilities and corrective optimization guidance are offered for each main equipment of the CCPP.
Numerical Investigation of Turbulent Offset Jet Flow Over a Moving Flat Plate Using Low-Reynolds Number Turbulence Model
Authors: Behera Vishwa Mohan , Rathore Sushil Kumar 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The present study reports the numerical simulation of turbulent plane offset jet flow over a moving plate. The effect of plate velocity on various flow characteristics is discussed in detail including the special case of a stationary plate. For turbulence closure, the low-Reynolds number (LRN) turbulence model proposed by Yang and Shih (YS) is applied because it is computationally robust and reported to work quite effectively in several complex flow situations. The computations have been carried out with a Reynolds number of 15,000 for various offset ratios (OR = 3, 7, and 11) and different velocity ratios (Uplate) of the plate in the range 0–2. The finite volume method (FVM) with a staggered grid arrangement has been used to solve the transport equations. The application of the LRN model along with the integration to wall (ITW) approach enables us to capture one closed loop of the Moffatt vortex near the left corner of the wall for the stationary plate case. The spreading of the jet has been found to reduce by increasing the velocity of the plate. The jet half-width lies very close to the wall for the plate to jet velocity 1.5 and 2. For two extreme limits of plate velocity, i.e., Uplate = 0 and 2, the nearly self-similar profiles are observed at different axial locations in the wall jet region. Also, the flow is observed to exhibit nearly self-similar behavior when velocity profiles are plotted for various offset ratios at a given axial location in the wall jet region for Uplate = 0 and 2. It has been found that the flow characteristics are significantly influenced by the plate velocity.
“Missing links” for the long-lived Macdonald and Arago hotspots, South Pacific Ocean
Authors: Buff L. , Jackson M.G. , Konrad K. , Konter J.G. , Bizimis M. , Price A. , Rose-Koga E.F. , Blusztajn J. , Koppers A.A.P. , Herrera Santiago 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The Cook-Austral volcanic lineament extends from Macdonald Seamount (east) to Aitutaki Island (west) in the South Pacific Ocean and consists of hotspot-related volcanic islands, seamounts, and atolls. The Cook-Austral volcanic lineament has been characterized as multiple overlapping, age-progressive hotspot tracks generated by at least two mantle plumes, including the Arago and Macdonald plumes, which have fed volcano construction for ∼20 m.y. The Arago and Macdonald hotspot tracks are argued to have been active for at least 70 m.y. and to extend northwest of the Cook-Austral volcanic lineament into the Cretaceous-aged Tuvalu-Gilbert and Tokelau Island chains, respectively. Large gaps in sampling exist along the predicted hotspot tracks, complicating efforts seeking to show that the Arago and Macdonald hotspots have been continuous, long-lived sources of hotspot volcanism back into the Cretaceous. We present new major- and trace-element concentrations and radiogenic isotopes for three seamounts (Moki, Malulu, Dino) and one atoll (Rose), and new clinopyroxene 40Ar/39Ar ages for Rose (24.81 ± 1.02 Ma) and Moki (44.53 ± 10.05 Ma). All volcanoes are located in the poorly sampled region between the younger Cook-Austral and the older, Cretaceous portions of the Arago and Macdonald hotspot tracks. Absolute plate motion modeling indicates that the Rose and Moki volcanoes lie on or near the reconstructed traces of the Arago and Macdonald hotspots, respectively, and the 40Ar/39Ar ages for Rose and Moki align with the predicted age progression for the Arago (Rose) and Macdonald (Moki) hotspots, thereby linking the younger Cook-Austral and older Cretaceous portions of the long-lived (&gt;70 m.y.) Arago and Macdonald hotspot tracks.