bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic role of astaxanthin derived from shrimp against certain metabolic disorders
Authors: Yaqoob Zubda , Arshad Muhammad Sajid , Imran Muhammad , Munir Haroon , Qaisrani Tahira Batool , Khalid Waseem , Asghar Zubia , Suleria Hafiz Ansar Rasul 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOxidative stress caused by the imbalance between production of oxidants and antioxidants in the body leads to the development of different ailments. The bioactive compounds derived from marine sources are considered to be safe and appropriate to use. Astaxanthin possesses antioxidant activity about 100–500 times higher than other antioxidants such as α‐tocopherol and β‐carotene. It has numerous health benefits and vital pharmacological properties for the treatment of diseases like diabetes, hypertension, cancer, heart disease, ischemia, neurological disorders, and potential role in liver enzyme gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase which has significance in medicine as a diagnostic marker. The primary source of astaxanthin among crustaceans is shrimps and the presence of astaxanthin protects shrimps from oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol. Conclusively, astaxanthin derived from shrimps is very effective against oxidative stress which can lead to certain ailments.
Image denoising for magnetic resonance imaging medical images using improved generalized cross‐validation based on the diffusivity function
Authors: Kollem Sreedhar , Ramalinga Reddy Katta , Srinivasa Rao Duggirala , Rajendra Prasad Chintha , Malathy V. , Ajayan J. , Muchahary Deboraj 
Published: November 2021

AbstractVarious image denoising algorithms have been developed for medical imaging. But some disadvantages have been found, including the block effect, which increases smoothing, and the loss of image detail. Using the statistical properties of observed noisy images, we propose a new diffusivity function‐based partial differential equation method for image denoising. This model incorporates a Quaternion Wavelet Transform for the generation of the various noisy image coefficients, an improved generalized cross‐validation function for generating the optimal threshold value via the soft threshold function, and a new diffusivity function for controlling the diffusion process. The fourth‐order PDE diffusivity function, which is presented in this article, is a novel diffusion coefficient that is more effective at removing noise and preserving edges than previous approaches. Finally, the performance of the proposed method is evaluated using the peak signal‐to‐noise ratio, mean square error, structural similarity index, and comparisons to other traditional methods.
Picture‐word order compound protein interaction: Predicting compound‐protein interaction using structural images of compounds
Authors: Qian Ying , Li Xuelian , Wu Jian , Zhou Aimin , Xu Zhijian , Zhang Qian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIdentifying potential associations between proteins and compounds is significant and challenging in the drug discovery process. Existing deep‐learning‐based methods tend to treat compounds and proteins as sequences or graphs. Inspired by the rapid development of computer vision technology, we argue that more abundant characterizations can be extracted from the images of compounds than from their sequences or graphs. Therefore, we propose an interaction model named picture‐word order compound protein interaction (PWO‐CPI) which learns the representation from structural images of compounds and protein sequences by using convolutional neural network (CNN). The experiments show that PWO‐CPI outperforms state‐of‐the‐art CPI prediction models. We also perform drug–drug interaction (DDI) experiments to validate the strong potential of structural formula images of molecular structures as molecular features. In addition, with the aid of generative adversarial networks, the visualization of image features demonstrates PWO‐CPI can learn compound structural features implicitly and automatically.
Mental health outcomes and experiences of family caregivers of children with disabilities during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Bolivia
Authors: Urizar Guido G. , Ramírez Ivonne , Caicedo Brianna I. , Mora Cindy 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study examined whether certain demographic characteristics, caregiver strain, and coping behaviors were associated with the mental health outcomes of family caregivers of children with disabilities in Bolivia during the COVID‐19 pandemic. A mixed‐methods convergent study design was used with virtual interviews to quantitatively assess caregivers' demographic characteristics, caregiver strain, coping behaviors, and mental health outcomes, as well as qualitatively assess how the pandemic affected their family. Approximately 32%–71% of caregivers experienced poor mental health outcomes (stress, anxiety, and depression), especially among those experiencing poor health, high caregiver strain, and those using maladaptive coping strategies. Qualitative responses revealed that they experienced several unique stressors during the pandemic that affected them and their children. These findings highlight the need for culturally tailored prevention and treatment interventions to help offset the adverse effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the mental health outcomes of this at‐risk population.
Excellent oxidation activity of toluene over core–shell structure Mn2O3@MnO2: role of surface lattice oxygen and Mn species
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Li Mingyang , Wang Xiaotong , Fan Liman , Dong Yongli , Zhu Yujun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDCore–shell structure Mn2O3@MnO2 (MnOx) has been prepared using KMnO4 modifying spherical Mn2O3 assembled by nanoparticles, and applied for catalytic toluene oxidation.RESULTSThe MnOx sample calcined at 350 °C (MnOx‐1) exhibited much higher catalytic activity compared with Mn2O3 and MnOx‐2 (calcined at 450 °C), good activity stability with recyclability. Bulk structure, redox ability and surface properties were characterized using various techniques. The relationship between the catalytic activity and the surface Mn and oxygen species of these catalysts is discussed in terms of these characterizations. Especially, in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopic measurements were used to analyze in detail the role of the surface lattice oxygen in the enhanced catalytic performance of MnOx‐1.CONCLUSIONSThe excellent activity of the MnOx‐1 catalyst can be attributed to the more surface Mn4+ and many surface lattice oxygen species derived from the special core–shell structure, improving the oxidation of toluene. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Early environmental enrichment prevents cognitive impairments and developing addictive behaviours in a mouse model of prenatal psychological and physical stress
Authors: Razavinasab Moazamehosadat , Parsania Shahnaz , Nikootalab Mahdi , Khaleghi Mina , Saleki Kiarash , Banazadeh Mohammad , Shabani Mohammad 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEnvironmental enrichment (EE) has shown remarkable effects in improving cognition and addictive behaviour. We tested whether EE could help recover from prenatal stress exposure. Mature Swiss Webster male and virgin female mice were placed together until vaginal plugs were detectable. Next, pregnant rodents were randomized into the control, physically and psychologically stressed groups. The application of stress was initiated on the 10th day of pregnancy and persisted for a week to induce stress in the mice. Open field and elevated plus‐maze (EPM) tests were utilized as explorative and anxiety assays, respectively. A passive avoidance shuttle‐box test was carried out to check anxiety‐modulated behaviour. Morris water maze (MWM) test was undertaken to evaluate spatial learning and memory. Conditioned place preference (CPP) test was selected for evaluation of tendency to morphine consumption. Our results showed that prenatal stress elevated anxiety‐like behaviour in the offspring which EE could significantly alleviate after weaning. We also found a higher preference for morphine use in the physical stress and psychological stress offspring group. However, no difference was observed among the genders. Application of EE for the stress group improved several parameters of the cognitive behaviour significantly. Although prenatal stress can lead to detrimental behavioural and cognitive outcomes, it can in part be relieved by early exposure to EE. However, some outcomes linked to prenatal stress exposure may not be diminished by EE therapy. In light of such irreversible effects, large‐scale preventive actions promoting avoidance from stress during pregnancy should be advised.
Modified rainfall optimization based method for solving distributed generation placement and reconfiguration problems in distribution networks
Authors: Arulprakasam Sakthidasan , Muthusamy Senthilkumar 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article formulates the distribution generation placement and the network reconfiguration problems of distribution networks (DNs) as a composite multi‐objective optimization problem by normalizing and combining the objective functions, and suggests a new rainfall optimization (RFO) based method for solving the developed problem. The RFO, a metaheuristic optimization algorithm that models the behavior of raindrops falling down from a hill towards sea, has certain drawbacks such as removal of inactive raindrops that weakens the search process, and the possibility of choosing the same raindrop as inactive throughout the iterative process. This article also introduces modifications in the RFO for overcoming its drawbacks before adopting it in the proposed method. It considers two scenarios with seven test cases for simulation study, and compares the results of two standard DNs with existing methods for exhibiting the superior performances in respect of final solution, robustness, voltage profile, and average execution time of the proposed method.
Sacral anatomical parameters varies in different Roussouly sagittal shapes as well as their relations to lumbopelvic parameters
Authors: Ru Nan , Li Jianlong , Li Yang , Sun Jianmin , Wang Guodong , Cui Xingang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeTo study the normal variations in sacral anatomical parameters in different Roussouly sagittal shapes and the association between sacral anatomical parameters and lumbopelvic parameters in healthy adults.MethodsA cohort of 239 healthy volunteers between 18 and 45 years old was enrolled in this study. A full‐spine, standing X‐ray was taken for each volunteer. The following parameters were measured: the sacral table angle (STA), sacral kyphosis (SK), pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), lumbar lordosis (LL), and lumbar lordosis apex (LLA). Two hundred and thirty‐nine volunteers were classified into five groups according to the Roussouly classification. The differences in sagittal parameters among the five groups were evaluated by one‐way analysis of variance. The correlations between lumbopelvic parameters and sacral anatomical parameters were analyzed, and simple linear regressions were simultaneously constructed.ResultThe sacral anatomical parameters vary in different Roussouly sagittal shapes. Correlation analysis revealed that the significant correlations between sacral anatomical parameters and lumbopelvic parameters. The STA correlated with PI (r = −.690, P <.001), PT (r = −.216, P = .001), SS (r = −.631, P <.001), LL (r = −.491, P <.001), and LLA (r = 0.515, P <.001). The corresponding regression formulae were as follows: PI = −0.991*STA + 143(R2 = .476), LL = 0.870*STA‐135.1(R2 = .242), and LLA = 0.039*STA −0.087(R2 = .265). The SK correlated with PI (r = .471, P <.001), PT (r = .445, P = .001), SS (r = .533, P <.001), LL (r = .438, P <.001), and the LLA (r = −.265, P <.001). The corresponding regression formulae were as follows: PI = 0.38*SK + 27.22(R2 = .396), LL = −0.35*SK − 35.99(R2 = .192), and LLA = −0.01*SK + 4.25(R2 = .201).ConclusionsThe sacral anatomical parameters vary in different Roussouly sagittal shapes and have strong correlations with lumbopelvic parameters, which demonstrates that the specific lumbar shape can be affected by the sacral morphology. Moreover, the predictive models of lumbopelvic parameters based on SK and STA have been provided, which demonstrates constant sacral anatomical parameters could serve as good supplementary index of PI to predict ideal lumbar parameters.
Gamification in otolaryngology: A narrative review
Authors: Westenhaver Zack K. , Africa Robert E. , Zimmerer René E. , McKinnon Brian J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe medical field has incorporated gamification elements into education platforms over the past decade. The standard definition for gamification that has been adopted by most research studies is the addition of game elements and game mechanics within a platform to enhance user engagement. In this review, seven established, consolidated components, as well as an additional new or novel component, will be evaluated: a point system/leaderboards, question banks or gradable content, social interaction with other participants, leaderboards, progress or levels, immediate feedback, badges/icons or a reward system, and the novel component, a story line.MethodsTwo reviewers searched MEDLINE, Cochrane, PsycINFO, Web of Knowledge, and the Nursing Registry. This review compares the one identified otolaryngology study with current residency education gamification practices within the medical field.The authors searched “residency AND gamification”, “residency AND video games”, and “residency AND games”. After applying exclusion criteria, the 13 remaining studies included a procedure, questions/scenarios, and at least three gamification elements.ResultsAcross the 13 studies, the average number of included gamification elements was higher than the minimum threshold of three (3.84). Ten of the studies incorporated leaderboards, feedback, and social interaction; eight incorporated a question bank; and four incorporated progress bars, rewards, and story lines. The otolaryngology study incorporated four of the gamification components: a point system, instant feedback/solution after a question was answered, player‐to‐player communication, and a leaderboard.ConclusionReview of the current literature found that the medical field has limited research regarding the use of gamification in educational platforms. Despite many simulation studies and attempts at gamification, the medical community has not fully embraced gamification within residency education. In closing, the medical education community should establish a definition of “gamification” and survey residency programs to identify desired gamification elements.
Sulfate‐ and iron‐dependent anaerobic methane oxidation occurring side‐by‐side in freshwater lake sediment
Authors: Mostovaya Alina , Wind‐Hansen Michael , Rousteau Paul , Bristow Laura A. , Thamdrup Bo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAnaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) is a potentially important methane sink in lake sediments, but the biogeochemistry and microbial ecology of this process are understudied. Potential electron acceptors for AOM include Fe(III) and sulfate; however, it is not clear to which extent low sulfate concentrations constrain the coupling of AOM to sulfate reduction, nor if Fe(III) reduction drives AOM directly or via a cryptic sulfur cycle. We investigated AOM pathways in the sediment of iron‐rich Danish Lake Ørn through anoxic sediment slurry incubations with additions of 13C‐labeled methane as a substrate, sulfate and Fe(III) as potential electron acceptors, and molybdate as an inhibitor of sulfate reduction. The experiments demonstrated the co‐occurrence of sulfate‐ and iron‐dependent modes of AOM, with the former supported by recycling of sulfate coupled to iron reduction. Quantitative PCR analysis demonstrated the abundance of archaea of the ANME‐2d clade (Ca. Methanoperedenaceae) as likely drivers of AOM. Our study demonstrates that sulfate‐dependent AOM can consume methane at sulfate concentrations typical for freshwater systems and emphasizes the importance of sulfur and iron cycling in the regulation of methane emission from freshwater sediments.
Trendbericht Chemiedidaktik 2021
Authors: Gökkus Yasemin , Wilke Timm , Pölloth Benjamin , Schwarzer Stefan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNachhaltigkeit und Photochemie liegen im Trend der experimentell‐konzeptionellen Forschung in der Didaktik. Die Digitalisierung bleibt im Fokus – Forscher:innen haben digitale Methoden, Werkzeuge und Lehr‐Lern‐Konzepte für den Unterricht und die Hochschullehre vorgestellt und empirisch untersucht. Förderungsmöglichkeiten für beide Bereiche bieten Verbundprojekte oder der Mint‐Aktionsplan des Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung. Für den Transfer der Ergebnisse in die Praxis sind Fortbildungszentren zentral.
Standards und Normen: Rezyklate bekommen Gewicht
Authors: Schiller Christian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEine DIN‐Spezifikation hilft, Recyclingquoten und Rezyklatanteile im Endprodukt zu berechnen. Sie legt Angaben zu Inputströmen und Datenqualitäten fest, um Kunststoffabfall für hochwertige Anwendungen zu qualifizieren.
A novel insight into vertical ground motion modelling in earthquake engineering
Authors: Argani Luca Prakash , Gajo Alessandro 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecent observations of failure and damage of buildings and structures under seismic action has led to an increasing interest for an in‐depth analysis of the vertical component of site ground motion. In particular, when dealing with saturated soils, the current engineering practice does not usually go beyond the simplified – formulation of the Biot's equations describing the coupled hydro‐mechanical behaviour, thus neglecting some terms of fluid inertial forces, despite the presence of more refined formulations, for example, the – formulation. Therefore, a theoretical and numerical validation of the – formulation as compared with the – formulation is proposed in this work, where the numerical simulations are compared with the analytical solution for the – formulation, which is also derived and illustrated in this text. The comparison between the two formulations and the analytical solution is provided for different levels of permeability and dynamic actions, which are representative of a wide scenario of site ground properties and seismic hazard in the vertical direction. In particular, the soil response is analysed in terms of acceleration and pore pressure time history, frequency content, acceleration response spectrum, and amplification ratio of acceleration. This study extends the discussion of the limits of applicability of the – formulation with respect to the rigorous solution of Biot's equations (obtained here with – formulation) to the context of a complex dynamic regime provided by the vertical components of real earthquake records, and paves the way for further investigations.
An approximate dynamic programming approach for production‐delivery scheduling under non‐stationary demand
Authors: Liu Haitao , Wang Yuan , Lee Loo Hay , Chew Ek Peng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe consider an integrated production and delivery scheduling problem with non‐stationary demand in a two‐stage supply chain, where orders arrive dynamically and the demand is time‐varying. Orders should be first processed on identical machines and then delivered to a single next‐stage destination by the transporters with fixed departure times. The objective is to minimize the order waiting time via production‐delivery scheduling. We formulate the problem into a Markov decision process model and develop an approximate dynamic programming (ADP) method. To shrink action (decision) space, we propose the shorter processing time first and first completion first delivery (SPTm/FCFD) principle to determine order processing sequences and order delivery, and then we establish two constraints to eliminate a fraction of inferior actions. Based on the SPTm/FCFD principle, we propose the SPT/FCFD rule, and show its optimality for two scenarios. In addition, we deploy five basis functions to approximate the value function. The superior performance of ADP policy is validated via numerical experiments, compared with four benchmark policies. We also empirically study the impact of demand features on the waiting time, and results show that these features significantly affect the performances of all polices. In practice, it is suggested to postpone the peak demand, when total demand exceeds the available production capacity.
Isogeometric analysis of 3D solids in boundary representation for problems in nonlinear solid mechanics and structural dynamics
Authors: Chasapi Margarita , Mester Leonie , Simeon Bernd , Klinkel Sven 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis contribution presents an isogeometric approach in three dimensions for nonlinear problems in solid mechanics and structural dynamics. The proposed approach aligns with the boundary representation modeling technique in CAD. Isogeometric analysis is combined with the parameterization of the scaled boundary finite element method. In this way, the boundary description of 3D solids in CAD can be directly utilized for the analysis in an isogeometric framework. The approximation of the solution on the boundary is based on bi‐variate NURBS. We also approximate the interior of the solid with uni‐variate B‐splines to facilitate the solution of nonlinear problems. The nonlinear case is extended to three dimensions in this present work. The method is further extended to dynamic problems. The mass and damping matrices are derived using the same basis functions. The solution of the entire solid is obtained with the Galerkin method. We study several nonlinear and dynamic problems with simple geometries and arbitrary number of boundaries. Moreover, a fiber reinforced composite serves as demonstration for complex shapes.
Motivational crowding effects in payments for ecosystem services: Exploring the role of instrumental and relational values
Authors: Lliso Bosco , Arias‐Arévalo Paola , Maca‐Millán Stefany , Engel Stefanie , Pascual Unai 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Nature is perceived and valued in many different ways. Often, the types of values that are the most important to people depend on how they cognitively frame desirable human–nature relations. For instance, the value of nature can be seen through a utilitarian lens, for example, as providing ecosystem services for humans. Alternatively, it can also be considered valuable for non‐instrumental reasons, for example, for its sacred or spiritual significance.

In this paper, we use a framed field experiment to test how people belonging to three distinct communities in Colombia (Indigenous, Afro‐Colombian and Campesino) respond to different ways of framing payments for ecosystem services (PES) schemes, so as to assess potential motivational crowding effects of pro‐social/intrinsic motivations for forest conservation.

The experimental results indicate that crowding‐in of intrinsic motivations for forest conservation occurred in participants from the Indigenous community when the PES scheme was framed in a way that highlighted the relational values of the forest.

By contrast, motivational crowding‐in took place for participants in the framed field experiment from the Campesino community when the PES scheme was introduced in a way that highlighted instrumental values instead.

Participants from the Afro‐Colombian community did not show the evidence of motivational crowding under either framing.

Together, these results suggest that PES schemes that are framed in a way that harmonizes with locally salient human–nature relational models and associated values are more likely to cause motivational crowding‐in, and thus encourage the higher rates of environmental conservation, even after payments are discontinued.

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