bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Medicinal Wood-Decay Species Laricifomes officinalis in the Alpe Veglia–Alpe Devero Natural Park (Italian Alps): Spatial Analysis and Growth Tests of Pure Cultures
Authors: Girometta Carolina Elena , Rovelli Laura , Bracco Francesco , Brescia Francesca , Baiguera Rebecca Michela , Chiatante Gianpasquale , Picco Anna Maria , Savino Elena 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLaricifomes officinalisis a wood-decay fungus that is closely associated with old individuals ofLarix decidua. In the twentieth century,L. officinaliswas over-harvested because of its medicinal properties; consequently, it has become very rare or almost extinct in the Alps. In this study, we investigated the population ofL. officinalisin the Alpe Veglia–Alpe Devero Natural Park (Val d’Ossola, Italy) to assess a preliminary conservation strategy. Population consistency was estimated using field mapping, and spatial analysis was performed on host trees based on topographical and environmental variables. Mycelia were isolated from harvested basidiomata, and strain identity confirmed by molecular analysis of the ITS region. All isolated strains were tested for growth in Petri dishes containing different standard media to determine which strains had the highest growth rates; the fastest growing strains may be selected for future studies and applications.Compared to the control strains from Val Malenco and Parco Nazionale del Gran Paradiso, all strains from Alpe Veglia–Alpe Devero Natural Park had lower growth rates. There was no significant difference between the growth rates of strains from Alpe Veglia and those from Alpe Devero.The results suggest that the population consistency ofL. officinalisin the Alpe Veglia–Alpe Devero Natural Park is related to two main factors: habitat preservation and harvesting prohibition. These results confirm the need to protectL. officinalisboth inside and outside natural reserves, despite the apparent increase in local populations.
Cervical Cancer Prevention and Control
Authors: Laelago Ersado Tariku 
Published: September 2021

Cervical cancer is caused by HPV (human papilloma virus). It is the second most common cancer in women living low developed countries. The components of cervical cancer prevention and control comprises primary prevention, secondary prevention and tertiary prevention. Primary prevention of cervical cancer encompasses prevention of infection with HPV. Giving HPV vaccine for girls aged 9–14 years before they initiate sexual activity is one of the interventions of primary prevention of cervical cancer. Screening and treatment is needed in secondary prevention of cervical cancer. Screening of cervical cancer encompasses testing a target group (women) who are at risk for a cervical pre-cancer. Tertiary prevention of cervical cancer comprises treatment of cervical cancer and palliative care. The components of tertiary care comprise surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and palliative care. Community mobilization, health education and counseling on cervical cancer prevention and control is vital to make ownership on cervical prevention. Monitoring and evaluation of cervical cancer prevention and control on key program indicators should be done regularly.
Proposta disciplinar para compor indicadores de manuseio da água em instituições de saúde
Authors: Rosa William Ferreira , Medeiros Flávia Vieira da Silva 
Published: September 2021

A luz desse trabalho entende-se o quão importante é a água em nossa existência. A água é, indiscutivelmente, fundamental para a sobrevivência do homem, mas pode também constituir fator de moléstias provocadas pelos vetores que se abrigam na água, se não forem tomadas as necessárias medidas de proteção aos recursos hídricos. Para o indivíduo manter o corpo em perfeito equilíbrio e saudável, precisa-se atentar para alguns cuidados, inclusive com o que se ingere, inclusive a água. Para as instituições de saúde, é de fundamental importância que a água seja rigorosamente tratada e monitorada, antes de ser aproveitada pelos profissionais e principalmente pelos pacientes que já se encontram debilitados em tratamento. Este trabalho apresenta avaliação de dados da qualidade da água em instituições de saúde e, através de indicadores corretivos, propõe o POP (Procedimento Operacional Padrão) de como manusear e utilizar a água em instituições de saúde. O trabalho foi norteado por pesquisa bibliográfica (livros, artigos e sites) para poder trazer definições e conceitos, elucidando os temas.
Estimativa das taxas de desmatamento do município de Itacoatiara, Amazonas, utilizando séries Temporais Landsat-5/TM
Authors: Morales Bruno Ferezim , Costa Alan Lopes da , Nogueira Rodrigo Bíscaro , Arraes Christiano Luna 
Published: September 2021

Estimativas de taxas de desmatamento realizadas de forma continua, utilizando técnicas de sensoriamento remoto, favorecem o monitoramento de grandes áreas como a Amazônia. Sendo assim o presente estudo objetivou estimar as taxas de desmatamento anual e diária do Município de Itacoatiara- AM, utilizando para isso imagens do satélite Landsat-5/TM. A princípio foi realizado o registro das imagens Lansat-5/TM e na sequencia calculado os valores de NDVI, o que tornou possível gerar máscaras mais fiéis aos eventos estudados. Com bases nesses valores foram calculadas taxas anuais e diárias de desmatamento para o município entre os anos de 1997 e 2011. Os resultados indicaram oscilação entre valores positivos e negativos de desmatamento para o período analisado. Foram verificadas taxas positivas de desmatamento para os anos de 2000, 2005, 2007, 2009 e 2011, com destaque para o ano de 2007 com taxa anual de desmatamento de 1438,8 km2 por ano. Ressalta-se que nos anos de 2009 e 2011 foram estimadas taxas de desmatamento relativamente baixas se comparadas com as taxas dos anos anteriores. Verificou-se que as taxas de desmatamento para o período estudado tiveram o pico em 2007 e após isso sofreram uma diminuição, isso se deve a descaracterização do município como principal como principal pólo madeireiro do estado no mesmo período. Portanto, pode-se inferir que a exploração madeireira juntamente com agropecuária são os principais agentes do desmatamento nos municípios do interior da Amazônia legal.
Investigación filosófica y emociones
Authors: Zaragoza Bernal Juan Manuel 
Published: September 2021

Los estudios filosóficos sobre emociones se pueden dividir en dos grandes grupos: 1) aquellos que consideran que las emociones son naturales, resultado de nuestra evolución; 2) aquellos que, interesados en el pensamiento de autores concretos respecto a las emociones, no sostienen ninguna posición sustantiva acerca de ellas.
En este artículo exploramos una tercera opción: entender que las emociones son históricas, contextuales y socialmente definidas. Abrimos así la posibilidad a una nueva forma de investigación filosófica, que partiría de la ontología histórica del filósofo Ian Hacking como herramienta desde la que abordar el estudio filosófico de las emociones en la historia.
Emotions research in Philosophy could be classified into two main groups: 1) Those that considers emotions as a natural feature, the result of our evolutionary history; 2) Those that are interested in the study of what a particular philosopher said about the emotions, and, therefore, do not sustain any substantive claim about the nature of the emotions.
I explore a third option: to understand emotions as historical, contextual, and socially constituted. This new approach opens up the door to a new form of philosophical inquiry on emotions in their historical contexts, based on Ian Hacking’s historical ontology.
Lifecycle Assessment of Tomato Production in Open Field and Greenhouse in Dharmapuri District of Tamilnadu
Authors: Shokila C. , Indumathi V. M. , Palanichamy N. Venkatesa , Hemaprabha K. 
Published: September 2021

Aim: Tomatoes are commercially cultivated in open- field (OF) and greenhouse (GH) in Dharmapuri district of Tamilnadu. The main aim of this study is to assess the environmental impact of selected categories in open-field and greenhouse tomato cultivation using the lifecycle assessment (LCA) methodology.
Methodology: The primary data was gathered from 30 open field and 30 greenhouse farmers in Dharmapuri district. The system boundary selected for the study is ‘cradle to farm gate’ approach and the functional unit based on mass is one ton of tomato production. The Openlca software was used for the impact assessment in which the CML- IA baseline method was used to calculate the impact categories.
Findings: The results indicated that the environmental impact of greenhouse is lower than the open-field due to high yield and less energy inputs. Field emissions of ammonia, methane, nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide due to the incorporation of large amount of manure and the usage of fertilizers were the main contributor of the impact categories.
Evaluation of the Microbial Load and pH of Pap Produced from Selected Cereals
Authors: Ude Ifeoma Uche , Aisha Mohammed , Ibe Uche Okechukwu , Ekeleme U. G. 
Published: September 2021

The aim of this work was to evaluate the microbial load of pap samples made from three commonly utilized cereal grains namely: maize (Zea mays), millet (Pennisetum typhoideum) and guinea corn (Sorghum bicolor). Exactly 2 kg each of the aforementioned grains was steeped in 1000 ml of clean water for 3 days at 30±20C temperature. The water was disposed and the cereal grain separately washed thoroughly using clean water. The grains were then wet milled and the resulting paste mixed with1000 ml of clean water. The slurry was filtered with the aid of the muslin cloth. The filtrate was then allowed to stand for a period of 24 hours and the supernatant disposed. Microbiological analysis to determine microbial load on the various samples were carried using standard procedures. Guinea corn based pap had the highest lactic acid bacteria count of 9×103 CFU/g at 0 hr of fermentation which decreased to 6.6×105 CFU/g at the 72nd hr. On the other hand, the composite of the three cereals had the lactic acid bacteria count of 4.2×104 CFU/g at 0 hr of fermentation which increased to 8.6×105 CFU/g at the 72nd hr, the highest value recorded for all samples studied. Total coliform count on all samples maintained a uniform trend of increase at the 24th and 48th hr and a decrease at the 72nd hr. Millet based pap had the highest fungi count of 2.3×101CFU/g at 0hr of fermentation which increased progressively to 4.9×101 at the 72nd hr. However, pap derived from the composite of the cereals presented the lowest fungi count of 0.52×102 at 0hr which however increased progressively to record the highest count of 1.4×101at the 72nd hr. In conclusion, there is need to optimize the growth of lactic acid bacteria in the production of pap, this may enhance its acid production potential and consequent inhibition and/destruction of potential harmful microorganisms in fermented foods.
Viscoelasticity and Adhesion Signaling in Biomaterials Control Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Morphogenesis in 3D Culture
Authors: Indana Dhiraj , Agarwal Pranay , Bhutani Nidhi , Chaudhuri Ovijit 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOrganoids are lumen‐containing multicellular structures that recapitulate key features of the organs, and are increasingly used in models of disease, drug testing, and regenerative medicine. Recent work has used 3D culture models to form organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) in reconstituted basement membrane (rBM) matrices. However, rBM matrices offer little control over the microenvironment. More generally, the role of matrix viscoelasticity in directing lumen formation remains unknown. Here, viscoelastic alginate hydrogels with independently tunable stress relaxation (viscoelasticity), stiffness, and arginine–glycine–aspartate (RGD) ligand density are used to study hiPSC morphogenesis in 3D culture. A phase diagram that shows how these properties control hiPSC morphogenesis is reported. Higher RGD density and fast stress relaxation promote hiPSC viability, proliferation, apicobasal polarization, and lumen formation, while slow stress relaxation at low RGD densities triggers hiPSC apoptosis. Notably, hiPSCs maintain pluripotency in alginate hydrogels for much longer times than is reported in rBM matrices. Lumen formation is regulated by actomyosin contractility and is accompanied by translocation of Yes‐associated protein (YAP) from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. The results reveal matrix viscoelasticity as a potent factor regulating stem cell morphogenesis and provide new insights into how engineered biomaterials may be leveraged to build organoids.
Fabrication of GaN/Diamond Heterointerface and Interfacial Chemical Bonding State for Highly Efficient Device Design
Authors: Liang Jianbo , Kobayashi Ayaka , Shimizu Yasuo , Ohno Yutaka , Kim Seong‐Woo , Koyama Koji , Kasu Makoto , Nagai Yasuyoshi , Shigekawa Naoteru 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe direct integration of gallium nitride (GaN) and diamond holds much promise for high‐power devices. However, it is a big challenge to grow GaN on diamond due to the large lattice and thermal‐expansion coefficient mismatch between GaN and diamond. In this work, the fabrication of a GaN/diamond heterointerface is successfully achieved by a surface activated bonding (SAB) method at room temperature. A small compressive stress exists in the GaN/diamond heterointerface, which is significantly smaller than that of the GaN‐on‐diamond structure with a transition layer formed by crystal growth. A 5.3 nm‐thick intermediate layer composed of amorphous carbon and diamond is formed at the as‐bonded heterointerface. Ga and N atoms are distributed in the intermediate layer by diffusion during the bonding process. Both the thickness and the sp2‐bonded carbon ratio of the intermediate layer decrease as the annealing temperature increases, which indicates that the amorphous carbon is directly converted into diamond after annealing. The diamond of the intermediate layer acts as a seed crystal. After annealing at 1000 °C, the thickness of the intermediate layer is decreased to approximately 1.5 nm, where lattice fringes of the diamond (220) plane are observed.
Ligands Anchoring Stabilizes Metal Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals
Authors: Gong Maogang , Timalsina Bikash , Sakidja Ridwan , Douglas Justin T. , Wu Judy Z. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInstability of colloidal iodine‐based inorganic perovskite CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) nanocrystals (IPNCs) represents a major obstacle in lead‐halide IPNC research and application. Herein, a ligand‐anchoring process is reported that enables significantly improved colloidal stability of the iodine‐based IPNCs for over 10 months in ambient. Apart from the previous efforts in searching for strong binding ligands to cap the IPNCs to incrementally reduce the exposure of the IPNC surface to the harsh colloidal environment, the ligand‐anchoring method demonstrates that such an exposure can be reduced substantially by suppressing the dynamic ligand exchange around the colloidal IPNCs. In the IPNC synthesis solution with common oleic acid (OA) and oleylamine (OLA) ligands with relative weak binding to IPNCs, a systematic reduction of the ligand concentration using hexane by an order of magnitude has shown to be effective in achieving OA/OLA ligand‐anchored iodine‐based IPNCs with superior stability as confirmed in optical absorption, photoluminescence, 1H solution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and photoresponse. This result has revealed that the intermittent exposure of the IPNC surface during the dynamic ligand exchange is a primary mechanism underlying the colloidal IPNC instability, which can be resolved in the ligand‐anchoring process by suppressing such dynamic activities.
Biomimetic Photonic Multiform Composite for High‐Performance Radiative Cooling
Authors: Liu Xianghui , Xiao Chengyu , Wang Pan , Yan Max , Wang Huifen , Xie Peiwen , Liu Gang , Zhou Han , Zhang Di , Fan Tongxiang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNanostructures on bodies of biological inhabitants in severe environments can exhibit excellent thermoregulation, which provide inspirations for artificial radiative cooling materials. However, achieving both large‐scale manufacturing and flexible form‐compatibility to various applications needs remains as a formidable challenge. Here a biomimetic strategy is adopted to design a thermal photonic composite inspired by the previously unexplored golden cicada's evolutionarily optimized thermoregulatory ability. A microimprint combined with phase separation method is developed for fabricating a biomimetic photonic material made of porous polymer–ceramic composite profiled in microhumps. The composite demonstrates high solar reflectance (97.6%) and infrared emissivity (95.5%) in atmospheric window, which results in a cooling power of 78 W m−2 and a maximum subambient temperature drop of 6.6 °C at noon. Moreover, the technique facilitates multiform manufacturing of the composites beyond films, as demonstrated by additive printing into general 3D structures. This work offers biomimetic approach for developing high‐performance thermal regulation materials and devices.
Dynamic Anti‐Icing Surfaces (DAIS)
Authors: Wang Feng , Zhuo Yizhi , He Zhiwei , Xiao Senbo , He Jianying , Zhang Zhiliang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRemarkable progress has been made in surface icephobicity in the recent years. The mainstream standpoint of the reported antiicing surfaces yet only considers the ice–substrate interface and its adjacent regions being of static nature. In reality, the local structures and the overall properties of ice–substrate interfaces evolve with time, temperature and various external stimuli. Understanding the dynamic properties of the icing interface is crucial for shedding new light on the design of new anti‐icing surfaces to meet challenges of harsh conditions including extremely low temperature and/or long working time. This article surveys the state‐of‐the‐art anti‐icing surfaces and dissects their dynamic changes of the chemical/physical states at icing interface. According to the focused critical ice–substrate contacting locations, namely the most important ice–substrate interface and the adjacent regions in the substrate and in the ice, the available anti‐icing surfaces are for the first time re‐assessed by taking the dynamic evolution into account. Subsequently, the recent works in the preparation of dynamic anti‐icing surfaces (DAIS) that consider time‐evolving properties, with their potentials in practical applications, and the challenges confronted are summarized and discussed, aiming for providing a thorough review of the promising concept of DAIS for guiding the future icephobic materials designs.
Tailoring the Interfacial Band Offset by the Molecular Dipole Orientation for a Molecular Heterojunction Selector
Authors: Eo Jung Sun , Shin Jaeho , Yang Seunghoon , Jeon Takgyeong , Lee Jaeho , Choi Sanghyeon , Lee Chul‐Ho , Wang Gunuk 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUnderstanding and designing interfacial band alignment in a molecular heterojunction provides a foundation for realizing its desirable electronic functionality. In this study, a tailored molecular heterojunction selector is implemented by controlling its interfacial band offset between the molecular self‐assembled monolayer with opposite dipole orientations and the 2D semiconductor (1L‐MoS2 or 1L‐WSe2). The molecular dipole moment direction determines the direction of the band bending of the 2D semiconductors, affecting the dominant transport pathways upon voltage application. Notably, in the molecular heterostructure with 1L‐WSe2, the opposite rectification direction is observed depending on the molecular dipole moment direction, which does not hold for the case with 1L‐MoS2. In addition, the nonlinearity of the molecular heterojunction selector can be significantly affected by the molecular dipole moment direction, type of 2D semiconductor, and metal work function. According to the choice of these heterojunction constituents, the nonlinearity is widely tuned from 1.0 × 101 to 3.6 × 104 for the read voltage scheme and from 0.4 × 101 to 2.0 × 105 for the half‐read voltage scheme, which can be scaled up to an ≈482 Gbit crossbar array.
Body adiposity measures and risk of adolescent hypertension among the postpubescents Northeast India
Authors: Meitei Sanjenbam Yaiphaba , Pao P. S. Vaveine , Devi Th. Chitralekha , Sharma B. Surajkumar , Konjengbam Henry 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe present study attempts to associate and predict adolescent hypertension in Northeast India through body adiposity measures.MethodA total of 728 adolescents aged 15 years and above were included in the present study after consent. Blood pressure and related anthropometric data were collected. The prevalence rate was calculated. Significant tests and correlation analyses were conducted between the blood pressure parameters and anthropometric body adiposity measures. The odds ratio (OR) was also calculated to assess the likelihood of risks. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to find the measured parameters' predictive cut‐off values.ResultsThe prevalence of adolescent hypertension is 29.12%, and elevated blood pressure is 20.47%. Boys are more hypertensive than girls. Obese adolescents are more prone to hypertension. Overweight, obese, and abdominal volume index (AVI) has 2.31, 5.15, and 3.41 OR to develop hypertension significantly, irrespective of gender. Among the boys, waist circumference (WC), AVI, and waist to height ratio (WHtR) significantly correlate with hypertension at adjusted for age; they are better predictors with area under curve (AUC) value reach 0.7. Among the females, the BMI reaches AUC 0.7, making it a better assessment for hypertension.ConclusionThe study highlights the concerns of adolescent hypertension among Northeast Indian adolescents, which needs attention. More studies in different regions must be conducted to understand the problem's crux to enable health policymakers to promote adolescent health.
The relationship between the digit ratio (2D:4D) and vertical jump performance in young athletes
Authors: Disterhaupt Jacob W. , Fitzgerald John S. , Rhoades Jesse L. , Tomkinson Grant R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundDigit ratio (2D:4D), a putative marker of prenatal testosterone, is a negative correlate of sports, athletic, and fitness performance.ObjectivesTo describe the relationship between 2D:4D and vertical jump performance in athletes.MethodsSixty‐one Division I American Football players from a Midwestern U.S. university had their 2D:4D measured digitally and their vertical jump performance measured using jump mechanography. The primary outcome was jump height, with secondary outcomes depicting jump execution also recorded. Linear relationships between 2D:4D and vertical jump performance were quantified using partial correlations adjusted for age, height, mass, and ethnicity.Results2D:4D was a statistically significant weak negative correlate of jump height (partial r [95% confidence interval]: −0.26 [−0.48, −0.01]), indicating that athletes with lower 2D:4Ds (i.e., relatively longer 4th digits) jumped higher. Relationships with jump execution variables were negligible to weak and negative, but not statistically significant.ConclusionsThe significant relationship between 2D:4D and jump height probably reflects both the long‐term organizational and short‐term activational benefits of testosterone. Therefore, 2D:4D may be a useful indicator of explosive strength among young athletes.