bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variable stars in the VVV globular clusters
Authors: Alonso-García Javier , Smith Leigh C. , Catelan Márcio , Minniti Dante , Navarrete Camila , Borissova Jura , Carballo-Bello Julio A. , Contreras Ramos Rodrigo , Fernández-Trincado José G. , Ferreira Lopes Carlos E. , Gran Felipe , Garro Elisa R. , Geisler Doug , Guo Zhen , Hempel Maren , Kerins Eamonn , Lucas Philip W. , Palma Tali , Peña Ramírez Karla , Ramírez Alegría Sebastián , Saito Roberto K. 
Published: May 2021

Context.The Galactic globular clusters (GGCs) located in the inner regions of the Milky Way suffer from high extinction that makes their observation challenging. High densities of field stars in their surroundings complicate their study even more. The VISTA Variables in the Via Lactea (VVV) survey provides a way to explore these GGCs in the near-infrared where extinction effects are highly diminished.Aims.We conduct a search for variable stars in several inner GGCs, taking advantage of the unique multi-epoch, wide-field, near-infrared photometry provided by the VVV survey. We are especially interested in detecting classical pulsators that will help us constrain the physical parameters of these GGCs. In this paper, the second of a series, we focus on NGC 6656 (M 22), NGC 6626 (M 28), NGC 6569, and NGC 6441; these four massive GGCs have known variable sources, but quite different metallicities. We also revisit 2MASS-GC 02 and Terzan 10, the two GGCs studied in the first paper of this series.Methods.We present an improved method and a new parameter that efficiently identify variable candidates in the GGCs. We also use the proper motions of those detected variable candidates and their positions in the sky and in the color-magnitude diagrams to assign membership to the GGCs.Results.We identify and parametrize in the near-infrared numerous variable sources in the studied GGCs, cataloging tens of previously undetected variable stars. We recover many known classical pulsators in these clusters, including the vast majority of their fundamental mode RR Lyrae. We use these pulsators to obtain distances and extinctions toward these objects. Recalibrated period–luminosity–metallicity relations for the RR Lyrae bring the distances to these GGCs to a closer agreement with those reported byGaia, except for NGC 6441, which is an uncommon Oosterhoff III GGC. Recovered proper motions for these GGCs also agree with those reported byGaia, except for 2MASS-GC 02, the most reddened GGC in our sample, where the VVV near-infrared measurements provide a more accurate determination of its proper motions.
In vitro evaluation of the anti-pathogenic activity of Okoubaka aubrevillei on the human gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Buchheim-Schmidt Susann , Peters Uwe , Duysburgh Cindy , Van den Abbeele Pieter , Marzorati Massimo , Keller Thomas , Martin David , Klement Petra , Baumgartner Stephan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background Okoubaka aubrevillei is used in traditional West African medicine and in homeopathy for treatment and prevention of several gastrointestinal problems. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of repeated doses of two Okoubaka products (10 % ethanolic tincture, mother tincture (MT); 3rd decimal potency, 3X) on the microbial activity of physiological human colon microbiota using a Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®) and to investigate any preventive effect against infections with diarrhea-causing pathogens.
Methods Upon inoculation with fecal microbiota from a healthy donor, 4 parallel proximal colon compartments of the SHIME were treated either with Okoubaka MT, Okoubaka 3X, ethanol control or blank control for 7 days. Using the Okoubaka-adapted microbial community from SHIME, 48 h challenge tests were performed with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and Salmonella enteritidis in 4 different doses (103–108 colony forming units as typical in vivo infectious doses). Pathogen concentrations, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and branched SCFA production were measured in triplicate at 0, 24 and 48 h.
Results In the challenge tests, both Okoubaka products were able to restrict the colonization of ETEC and Salmonella at 3 of the 4 pathogen doses (except the highest doses), with a stronger anti-pathogenic effect for MT, which included a reduction of 2.0 log-units of ETEC (p < 0.0001) and 1.1 log-units of Salmonella (p < 0.0001). Total SCFA levels remained unaffected, but butyrate increased during the first 24 h (p < 0.0001 for ETEC), accompanied by decreased acetate production.
Conclusion We observed in vitro a systemic activating effect of Okoubaka on intestinal microbiome resistance, which resulted in an anti-pathogenic effect, especially against ETEC. We hypothesize that the mode of action in vivo is also based on systemic regulative effects.
The Potential Role of Psychedelic Drugs in Mental Health Care of the Future
Authors: Gründer Gerhard , Jungaberle Henrik 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSerotonergic psychedelics such as psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), or dimethyltryptamine (DMT), as well as psychoactive drugs that trigger phenomenologically- related experiences like 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and ketamine, belong to the most promising treatment approaches in contemporary psychiatry. Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy is not only a new treatment paradigm in psychopharmacology, but it also requires a redefinition of psychotherapeutic processes and the contextualization of psychopharmacological interventions within a new treatment infrastructure. Crucial for future practice and research in the field are (1) informed patient referral and co-treatment practices, (2) screening (e. g., choosing the right patients for these therapies), (3) the dosing preparation sessions, (4) the assisted dosing sessions as well as after-care procedures such as (5) psychological integration and (6) supporting the development of structured patient communities. Definition of future treatment delivery infrastructures and requirements for therapist training are further challenges for research and practice. Finally, the implementation of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy in routine mental health care must be embedded into public communication about the potential and risks of these innovative therapeutic approaches. This paper provides a synopsis of challenges for practitioners, researchers, and regulators to be addressed in the approval processes of psychedelics.
Uterine Rescue in High-Risk Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia Treated with EMA-CO by Uterine Arteries Embolization due to Arteriovenous Malformations
Authors: Silva Arlley Cleverson Belo da , Passos Jurandir Piassi , Signorini Filho Roney Cesar , Braga Antonio , Mattar Rosiane , Sun Sue Yazaki 
Published: May 2021

AbstractComplete hydatidiform mole (CHM) is a rare type of pregnancy, in which 15 to 20% of the cases may develop into gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). The diagnostic of GTN must be done as early as possible through weekly surveillance of serum hCG after uterine evacuation. We report the case of 23-year-old primigravida, with CHM but without surveillance of hCG after uterine evacuation. Two months later, the patient presented to the emergency with vaginal bleeding and was referred to the Centro de Doenças Trofoblásticas do Hospital São Paulo. She was diagnosed with high risk GTN stage/score III:7 as per The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics/World Health Organization (FIGO/WHO). The sonographic examination revealed enlarged uterus with a heterogeneous mass constituted of multiple large vessels invading and causing disarrangement of the myometrium. The patient evolved with progressive worsening of vaginal bleeding after chemotherapy with etoposide, methotrexate, actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide and vincristine (EMA-CO) regimen. She underwent blood transfusion and embolization of uterine arteries due to severe vaginal hemorrhage episodes, with complete control of bleeding. The hCG reached a negative value after the third cycle, and there was a complete regression of the anomalous vascularization of the uterus as well as full recovery of the uterine anatomy. The treatment in a reference center was essential for the appropriate management, especially regarding the uterine arteries embolization trough percutaneous femoral artery puncture, which was crucial to avoid the hysterectomy and allow GTN cure and maintenance of reproductive life.
The Impact of Routine Transvaginal Ultrasound Measurement of the Cervical Length on the Prediction of Preterm Birth: A Retrospective Study in a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Almeida Joana Patricia Rodrigues Félix Peixoto de , Bartosch Carla Maria Magno , Macedo Alexandra Matias Pereira Cunha Coelho 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPreterm birth (PTB) is a major obstetric problem associated with high rates of neonatal morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of PTB has not changed in the last decade; thus, the establishment of a screening test and effective treatment are warranted. Transvaginal ultrasound measurement of the cervical length (TUCL) has been proposed as an effective method to screen pregnant women at a higher risk of experiencing PTB.
Objective To evaluate the applicability and usefulness of second-trimester TUCL to predict PTB in a cohort of Portuguese pregnant women.
Methods Retrospective cross-sectional cohort study including all singleton pregnant women who performed their second-trimester ultrasound (between weeks 18 and 22 + 6 days) from January 2013 to October 2017 at Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João.
Results Our cohort included 4,481 women. The prevalence of spontaneous PTB was of 4.0%, with 0.7% occurring before the 34th week of gestation. The mean TUCL was of 33.8 mm, and percentiles 3, 5 and 10 corresponded to TUCLs of 25.0 mm, 27.0 mm and 29.0 mm respectively. The multiple logistic regression analysis, including maternal age, previous PTB and cervical surgery showed a significant negative association between TUCL and PTB, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.92 (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 0.90–0.95; p < 0.001). The use of a TUCL of 20 mm is the best cut-off, when compared with the 25-mm cut-off, improving the prediction of risk.
Conclusion The present study showed an inverse association between TUCL and PTB, and that the inclusion of other risk factors like maternal age, previous PTB and cervical surgery can improve the screening algorithm. Furthermore, it emphasizes that the TUCL cut-off that defines short cervix can differ according to the population.
Is there a Role for Antenatal Corticosteroids in Term Infants before Elective Cesarean Section?
Authors: Arruda Augusta , Ormonde Mariana , Stokreef Sarah , Fraga Beatriz , Franco Catarina , Dâmaso Catarina , Lima Ana 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective Cesarean section (CS) delivery, especially without previous labor, is associated with worse neonatal respiratory outcomes. Some studies comparing neonatal outcomes between term infants exposed and not exposed to antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) before elective CS revealed that ACS appears to decrease the risk of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), transient tachypnea of the neonate (TTN), admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), and the length of stay in the NICU.
Methods The present retrospective cohort study aimed to compare neonatal outcomes in infants born trough term elective CS exposed and not exposed to ACS. Outcomes included neonatal morbidity at birth, neonatal respiratory morbidity, and general neonatal morbidity. Maternal demographic characteristics and obstetric data were analyzed as possible confounders.
Results A total of 334 newborns met the inclusion criteria. One third of the population study (n = 129; 38.6%) received ACS. The present study found that the likelihood for RDS (odds ratio [OR] = 1.250; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.454–3.442), transient TTN (OR = 1.,623; 95%CI: 0.556–4.739), and NIUC admission (OR = 2.155; 95%CI: 0.474–9.788) was higher in the ACS exposed group, although with no statistical significance. When adjusting for gestational age and arterial hypertension, the likelihood for RDS (OR = 0,732; 95%CI: 0.240–2.232), TTN (OR = 0.959; 95%CI: 0.297–3.091), and NIUC admission (OR = 0,852; 95%CI: 0.161–4.520) become lower in the ACS exposed group.
Conclusion Our findings highlight the known association between CS-related respiratory morbidity and gestational age, supporting recent guidelines that advocate postponing elective CSs until 39 weeks of gestational age.
The Concentration of Metronidazole in the Distal Interphalangeal Joint following Intravenous Regional Limb Perfusion via the Cephalic Vein in Standing Horses
Authors: Gustafsson Kajsa , Tatz Amos J. , Dahan Roee , Britzi Malka , Soback Stefan , Ahmad Wiessam Abu , Prince Hagar , Kelmer Gal 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of metronidazole in the distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ) of the thoracic limb after administering metronidazole to standing horses by intravenous regional limb perfusion (IVRLP).
Methods Eleven healthy horses had a wide rubber tourniquet applied to the proximal aspect of the antebrachium for 0.5 hours and 500 mg of metronidazole diluted in physiologic saline solution to a total volume of 108 mL was administered by cephalic IVRLP. Synovial fluid samples were collected from the DIPJ before perfusion and at 0.25, 0.5, 2, 12 and 24 hours. Blood samples were obtained at the same time points for serum analysis. Concentrations of metronidazole were determined by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.
Results Four horses were excluded due to low synovial fluid concentrations and not completing the full tourniquet application time. The C
max in the synovial fluid was 327 ± 208 µg/mL, and the t
max was 26 ± 7 minutes. Only the concentrations of metronidazole at time points 0.25 and 0.5 hours were significantly different (p < 0.001) from synovial concentration before perfusion. The serum C
max was 1.78 ± 0.93 µg/mL, and the t
max was 76 ± 52min.
Conclusion Metronidazole administered by IVRLP reached high concentrations in the synovial fluid at 0.5 hours. However, the concentrations rapidly decreased below the minimum inhibitory concentration of potential target pathogens. Effectiveness of metronidazole administered by IVRLP as a sole therapy against anaerobic infections of synovial structures of the distal limb cannot be determined by a pharmacokinetic study. However, the present study serves as the basis for future carefully planned clinical trials.
Association between Prenatal Care Adequacy Indexes and Low Birth Weight Outcome
Authors: Vale Conceição Christina Rigo , Almeida Nubia Karla de Oliveira , Almeida Renan Moritz Varnier Rodrigues de 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective To investigate the association between prenatal care (PNC) adequacy indexes and the low birth weigth (LBW) outcome.
Methods A total of 368,093 live term singleton births in the state of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) from 2015 to 2016 were investigated using data from the Brazilian Live Birth Information System (Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos, SINASC, in Portuguese). Seven PNC adequacy indexes were evaluated: four developed by Brazilian authors (Ciari Jr. et al., Coutinho et al., Takeda, and an index developed and used by the Brazilian Ministry of Health – MS) and three by authors from other countries (Kessner et al., the Adequacy of Prenatal Care Utilization index – APNCU, and the Graduated Prenatal Care Utilization Index – GINDEX). Adjusted odds ratios were estimated for the PNC adequacy indexes by means of multivariate logistic regression models using maternal, gestational and newborn characteristics as covariates.
Results When the PNC is classified as “inadequate”, the adjusted odds ratios to the LBW outcome increase between 42% and 132%, depending on which adequacy index is evaluated. Younger (15 to 17 years old) and older (35 to 45 years old) mothers, those not married, of black or brown ethnicity, with low schooling (who did not finish Elementary School), primiparous, with preterm births, as well as female newborns had increasing odds for LBW. The models presented areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve between 80.4% and 81.0%, and sensitivity and specificity that varied, respectively, between 57.7% and 58.6% and 94.3% and 94.5%.
Conclusion Considering all PNC adequacy indexes evaluated, the APNCU had the best discriminatory power and the best ability to predict the LBW outcome.
Excessive Prenatal Supplementation of Iodine and Fetal Goiter: Report of Two Cases Using Three-dimensional Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Castro Pedro , Werner Heron , Marinho Paulo Roberto Silva , Matos Ana Paula , Pires Pedro , Araujo Júnior Edward 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFetal thyroid complications in pregnancy are uncommon, and are commonly related to the passage of substances through the placenta. The excessive iodine intake during the pregnancy is a well-known mechanism of fetal thyroid enlargement or goiter, and invasive procedures have been proposed for the treatment of fetal thyroid pathologies. In the present report, we demonstrate two cases from different centers of prenatal diagnosis of fetal thyroid enlargement and/or goiter in three fetuses (one pair of twins, wherein both fetuses were affected, and one singleton pregnancy). The anamnesis revealed the ingestion of iodine by the patients, prescribed from inadequate vitamin supplementation. In both cases, the cessation of iodine supplement intake resulted in a marked reduction of the volume of the fetal thyroid glands, demonstrating that conservative treatment may be an option in those cases. Also, clinicians must be aware that patients may be exposed to harmful dosages or substances during pregnancy.
Immunomodulatory Effects of Vitamin D and Vitamin C to Improve Immunity in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Yaqinuddin Ahmed , Ambia Ayesha Rahman , Alaujan Raghad A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV2) infection causes life-threatening respiratory illness, which has caused significant mortality and morbidity around the globe. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes mild respiratory illness in most infected individuals; however, in some patients it may progress to sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), cytokine release syndrome (CRS), and multiorgan dysfunction (MODS), which results in intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and increased fatalities. Recent evidence shows that most of these comorbidities associated with COVID-19 infection are associated with dysregulation of the host immune response. Vitamins C and D have been shown to regulate immune response by decreasing the proinflammatory cytokine release from immune cells and inducing proliferation of other immune cells to robustly fight infection. This review critically evaluates the current literature on vitamins C and D in modulating an immune response in different diseases and their potential therapeutic effects in preventing complications in COVID-19 infection.
The Austronesian Game Taxonomy: A cross-cultural dataset of historical games
Authors: Leisterer-Peoples Sarah M. , Hardecker Susanne , Watts Joseph , Greenhill Simon J. , Ross Cody T. , Haun Daniel B. M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHumans in most cultures around the world play rule-based games, yet research on the content and structure of these games is limited. Previous studies investigating rule-based games across cultures have either focused on a small handful of cultures, thus limiting the generalizability of findings, or used cross-cultural databases from which the raw data are not accessible, thus limiting the transparency, applicability, and replicability of research findings. Furthermore, games have long been defined as competitive interactions, thereby blinding researchers to the cross-cultural variation in the cooperativeness of rule-based games. The current dataset provides ethnographic, historic information on games played in cultural groups in the Austronesian language family. These game descriptions (Ngames = 907) are available and codeable for researchers interested in games. We also develop a unique typology of the cooperativeness of the goal structure of games and apply this typology to the dataset. Researchers are encouraged to use this dataset to examine cross-cultural variation in the cooperativeness of games and further our understanding of human cultural behaviour on a larger scale.
Double sample holder for efficient high-resolution studies of an insulator and a metal surface
Authors: Heggemann Jonas , Laflör Linda , Rahe Philipp 
Published: May 2021

A double sample holder supporting both a metal sample and an insulator crystal for high-resolution scanning probe microscopy experiments is described. The metal sample serves as a substrate for tip preparation and tip functionalization to efficiently and reliably enable high-resolution studies of the adjacent insulator surface. Imaging of Ag(111)/mica, Au(111)/mica, CaF2(111), and calcite(104) surfaces is demonstrated at 5 K, including images on calcite(104) produced with a CO terminated tip, which was prepared on the adjacent metal sample.
Principles of classification and taxonomy.
Authors: Rees Paul A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

This chapter contains questions on the classification and taxonomy of living things and its history along with questions on some important historical figures and their publications. The questions are divided into three levels, i.e. foundation, intermediate, and advanced. Knowledge of basic facts are dealt with at the foundation level while the intermediate level and advanced levels contain questions involving more obscure facts and concepts.
Some exact explicit solutions and conservation laws of Chaffee-Infante equation by Lie symmetry analysis
Authors: Riaz Muhammad Bilal , Atangana Abdon , Jhangeer Adil , Junaid-U-Rehman M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this work, the tanh method is employed to compute some traveling wave patterns of the nonlinear third-order (2+1) dimensional Chaffee-Infante (CI) equation. The tanh technique is successfully used to get the traveling wave solutions of a considered model in the form of some hyperbolic functions. The Lie symmetry technique is used to analyze the Chaffee-Infante (CI) equation and compute the Infinitesimal generators under the invariance criteria of Lie groups. Then we construct the commutator table, adjoint representation table, and we have represented symmetry groups for each Infinitesimal generator. The optimal system and similarity reduction method is used to obtain some analytical solutions of the considered model. With the help of the similarity reduction method, we have converted the nonlinear partial differential equation into nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Moreover, we have shown graphically obtained wave solutions by using the different values of involving parameters. Conserved quantities of nonlinear CI equation are obtained by the multiplier approach.
Plasma-waves evolution and propagation modeled by sixth order Ramani and coupled Ramani equations using symmetry methods
Authors: Saleh R , Rashed A S , Wazwaz Abdul-Majid 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Nonlinear shock waves in plasma was modeled and studied using Ramani equation of sixth order and its coupled form representing the interaction between two waves. A new combined methodology of both Lie infinitesimal transformation and singular manifold methods was exploited to create analytical solutions. The method was extended to investigate a coupled system of evolution equations as same as a single evolution equation. Soliton solutions were created for both models.