bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Reliable Memory Operation of High Density Three-Terminal Thyristor Random Access Memory
Authors: Kim Hyangwoo , Cho Hyeonsu , Kwak Hyeon-Tak , Seo Myunghae , Lee Seungho , Kong Byoung Don , Baek Chang-Ki 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Three-terminal (3-T) thyristor random-access memory is explored for a next generation high-density nanoscale vertical cross-point array. The effects of standby voltages on the device are thoroughly investigated in terms of gate-cathode voltage (VGC,ST) and anode- cathode voltage (VAC,ST) in the standby state for superior data retention characteristics and low-power operation. The device with the optimized VGC,ST of -0.4 V and VAC,ST of 0.6 V shows the continuous data retention capability without refresh operation with a low standby current of 1.14 pA. In addition, a memory array operation scheme of 3-T TRAM is proposed to address array disturbance issues. The presented array operation scheme can efficiently minimize program, erase and read disturbances on unselected cells by adjusting gate-cathode voltage. The standby voltage turns out to be beneficial to improve retention characteristics: over 10 s. With the proposed memory array operation, 3-T TRAM can provide excellent data retention characteristics and high-density memory configurations comparable with or surpass conventional dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) technology.
Programmable Polymorphism of a Virus-Like Particle
Authors: Biela Artur , Naskalska Antonina , Fatehi Farzad , Twarock Reidun , Heddle Jonathan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) have significant potential as both artificial vaccines and drug delivery systems. The ability to control their size has wide ranging utility, but achieving such controlled polymorphism using a single protein subunit is challenging as it requires altering VLP geometry. Here we achieve size control of MS2 bacteriophage VLPs via insertion of amino acid sequences in an external loop to shift its morphology to significantly larger forms. The resulting VLP size and geometry is controlled by altering the length and type of the insert used. Cryo-EM structures of the new VLPs, in combination with a kinetic model of their assembly, show that the abundance of wild type (T=3), T=4, D3 and D5 symmetrical VLPs can be controlled in this way. We propose a mechanism whereby the insert leads to a change in the dynamic behavior of the capsid protein dimer, affecting the interconversion between the symmetric and asymmetric conformers and thus determining VLP size and morphology.
An Access Selection Algorithm for Heterogeneous Wireless Networks Based on Uncertain Network Attribute Values
Authors: Guo Xiaoxue , Omar Mohd. Hasbullah , Zaini Khuzairi Mohd , Gong Jianfeng , Fang Jingcheng , Liang Gen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A heterogeneous wireless network (HWN) environment contains many kinds of wireless networks, such as UMTS, LTE, and WLAN, where users move around within their coverage area. How to ensure mobile users select the most suitable network is a hot research topic for HWNs. While traditional access selection algorithms assume that mobile users can obtain accurate network attribute values, the network attribute values obtained by mobile users are often uncertain due to the mobility of users, the interference of wireless signals, and the fluctuation of the network state. To solve this problem, this paper designs an access selection algorithm for HWNs in the context of inaccurate network attribute values. First, the algorithm calculates the network attribute values based on the hesitant fuzzy theory, then calculates the weights of network attributes using the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP), and finally sorts the candidate networks using the hesitant fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method. The simulation results show the proposed algorithm enables users to select the most suitable network to access under the inaccurate network attribute environment and obtain higher gains.
Mechanism of Youguiyin In The Treatment of Osteoporosis Based On Network Pharmacology And Molecular Docking
Authors: Pan Yi , Zhao Wanlu , Qin Luping , Zhang Lu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Youguiyin (YGY) has been confirmed to treat osteoporosis (OP) in clinical trials, but its specific pharmacological mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the material basis and potential mechanism of YGY in the treatment of OP based on network pharmacology and molecular docking.Methods: Databases including TCMSP, SwissTargetPrediction database, OMIM, and TTD were used to predict the effective ingredients and relevant targets of YGY in the treatment of OP. The STRING database was used to reveal the relationship between each intersection target protein. Metascape database was used to perform GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis on the intersection targets. Cytoscape 3.6.0 software was used to show the complex network relationship of YGY in the treatment of OP. According to the results of network characteristics analysis, the core effective ingredients and the core targets were screened out. Autodock 4.0 was used for molecular docking and Pymol was used to visualize the docking results.Results: 290 effective ingredients, 1127 targets of the effective ingredients, 273 relevant targets of OP and 17 intersection targets were screened out in total by searching literature and databases. Intersection targets could affect biological processes including regulation of inflammatory response, ossification, negative regulation of post-transcriptional gene silencing, positive regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process and regulation of hormone levels by regulating signal pathways including TNF signaling pathway, osteoclast differentiation, apoptosis, MAPK signaling pathway and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Through screening, 14 core effective ingredients and 6 core targets were confirmed. The results of molecular docking showed that most of the core effective ingredients including α-humulene, cinnamaldehyde, denudatine, benzoylhypaconine and quercetin had good binding activity with the core targets including TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6.Conclusion: Based on network pharmacology and molecular docking, the critical effective ingredients, key targets, important signal pathways and main biological processes of YGY in the treatment of OP were successfully screened out. This study revealed the material basis and the mechanism of YGY in the treatment of OP and provided a theoretical basis for follow-up experimental research and clinical application of YGY.
Benefit-Risk Assessment of Fish And Shrimp Consumption From A Large Eutrophic Freshwater Lake, Southeastern China
Authors: Fang Ting , Liang Yangyang , Yang Kun , Zhao Xiuxia , Gao Na , Li Jing , Lu Wenxuan , Cui Kai , Li Hui 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Obtaining beneficial nutrients meanwhile ingesting hazardous contaminants through freshwater fish consumption remains a concern for inland residents in China. In this study, contents of fatty acids, essential trace elements (Fe, I, Zn, Se, Cu, Mo, Cr) and non-essential trace elements (As, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb) were quantified in nine fish and two shrimp species from large eutrophic Chaohu Lake, southeastern China. Benefit-risk assessment for fish and shrimp consumption was conducted on basis of nutrients and contaminants. Total fat acids in the samples were 104.2-2405.2 mg/100g, included which DHA+EPA were 29.0-238.6 mg/100g. Mean content of essential trace elements (μg/g) in fish and shrimp species followed the order of Fe (10.3)>Cu (9.9)>Zn (7.7)> >Cr (1.42)>Se (0.337)>Mo (0.285)>I (0.023). The As, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb content in the samples were nd-218, 14-97, 3-47, 4200-11300 and 144-1127 μg/kg, respectively, which was below the national maximum limit with the exception of Pb content in several samples. Though no obvious bioaccumulation pattern was found among species, species living in the demersal layers or with higher trophic levels tend to accumulate more trace elements. To achieve the recommended 250 mg of DHA+EPA daily intake, results of benefit-risk assessment indicated that fish and shrimp consumption can be major source of Se, Cu, Mo and Cr intake, whereas fish consumption was potential non-carcinogenic risk exposure for Ni and microcystins. Benefit-risk assessment contributed to the identification of main benefits and hazards of freshwater fish and shrimp consumption for inland populations around the large eutrophic lake.
Whole Mitochondrial Genome Analysis of the Daur Ethnic Minority from Hulunbuir of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
Authors: Wang Chi-Zao , Yu Xue-Er , Shi Mei-Sen , Li Hui , Ma Shu-Hua 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variations are often associated with bioenergetics, disease, and speciation and can be used to track the history of women. Although advances in massively parallel sequencing (MPS) technology have greatly promoted our understanding of the population’s history (especially genome-wide data and whole Y chromosome sequencing), the whole mtDNA sequence of many important groups has not been fully studied. In this study, we employed whole mtDNA genomes of 209 healthy and unrelated individuals from the Daur group, a Mongolic-speaking representative population of the indigenous groups in the Heilongjiang River basin (also known as the Amur River basin). Results: The dataset presented 127 distinct mtDNA haplotypes, resulting in a haplotype diversity of 0.9933. The majority of haplotypes were assigned to eastern Eurasian-specific lineages, such as D4 (19.62%), B4 (9.09%), D5 (7.66%) and M7 (4.78%). We collected whole mitochondrial genomes from the 1000 Genomes Project, the Human Genome Diversity Project and published papers for population comparisons and phylogenetic analysis, and the results showed that the Daurians do have certain connections with the ancient populations in the Heilongjiang River basin but the matrilineal genetic composition of the Daur group was also greatly influenced by other non-Mongolic groups from neighboring areas. Conclusions: Collectively, the whole mtDNA data generated in the present study will augment the existing mtDNA database and deepen our understanding of the history of the Daurians as well as other populations from northern East Asia.
Diagonal Earlobe Crease and Long-Term Survival After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Thilo Christian , Meisinger Christine , Heier Margit , Scheidt Wolfgang , Kirchberger Inge 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The association between the presence of a diagonal earlobe crease (DEC) and coronary artery disease (CAD) has been prescribed earlier. However, it is unclear whether patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and DEC have a higher risk of dying. Methods: Study participants were persons with AMI who were included in the KORA Myocardial Infarction Registry Augsburg from August 2015 to December 2016. After taking pictures of both earlobes, two employees independently assessed the severity of DEC in 4 degrees. For analysis, the expression of the DEC was dichotomized. Information on risk factors, severity and therapy of the AMI was collected by interview and from the medical record. Vital status post AMI was obtained by population registries in 2019. The relationship between DEC and survival time was determined using Cox proportional hazards models. Results: Out of 655 participants, 442 (67.5%) showed DEC grade 2/3 and 213 (32.5%) DEC grade 0/1. Median observation period was 3.06 years (5-1577 days). During this period, 26 patients (12.2%) with DEC grade 0/1 and 92 patients (20.8%) with grade 2/3 died (hazard ratio 1.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.23 - 2.96, p = 0.0037). In the fully adjusted model, patients with DEC grade 2/3 had a 1.48-fold increased risk of death compared to the DEC grade 0/1 patient group (CI 0.94 - 2.34, p = 0.0897). The fully adjusted model applied for 1-year survival revealed a significant, 2.57-fold hazard ratio of death (CI 1.07 - 6.17, p = 0.0347) for the patients with DEC grade 2/3.Conclusions: Our results indicate that DEC is independently associated with 1-year AMI survival.
Gene Expression Programming and Machine Learning Methods for Bushfire Susceptibility Mapping in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Hosseini Maryamsadat , Lim Samsung 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Australia is one of the most bushfire-prone countries. Prediction and management of bushfires in bushfire-susceptible areas can reduce the negative impacts of bushfires. The generation of bushfire susceptibility maps can help improve the prediction of bushfires. The main aim of this study was to use single gene expression programming (GEP) and ensemble of GEP with well-known statistical methods to generate bushfire susceptibility maps for New South Wales, Australia as a case study. We used eight methods for bushfire susceptibility mapping: GEP, random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), frequency ratio (FR), ensemble techniques of GEP and FR (GEPFR), RF and FR (RFFR), SVM and FR (SVMFR), and LR and FR (LRFR). Areas under the curve (AUCs) of the receiver operating characteristic were used to evaluate the proposed methods. GEPFR exhibited the best performance for bushfire susceptibility mapping based on the AUC (0.890), while RFFR had the highest accuracy (94.70%) among the proposed methods. GEPFR is an ensemble method that uses features from the evolutionary algorithm and the statistical FR method, which results in a better AUC for the bushfire susceptibility maps. The ensemble methods had better performances than those of the single methods.
Study on the Balance of Oxygen in Supply and Demand in Wastewater Treatment Plant
Authors: Zhang Jingbing , Shao Yuting , Wang Hongchen , Liu Guo-hua , Qi Lu , Sun Wenzhuo , Jiang Zhao , Zhang Jinsen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In order to accurately evaluate the comprehensive operation efficiency of aerobic biological treatment system in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), the process state aeration performance tester and the specific oxygen uptake rate online monitoring device were used to measure the oxygenation performance and the activated sludge performance in aeration tank, and the comprehensive operation efficiency of aerobic tank was evaluated by combining physical-chemical indexes and water quality analysis of the treatment system. The results showed that the oxygen transfer efficiency (OTE) of aerators under process state are reduced by 13.07% and 14.48% respectively compared with that in clean water in the No.3-tank and No.6-tank, and the aeration uniformity index (IAU) is 4.86 and 1.46 respectively. The oxygen uptake rate (OUR) in the third corridor decreased significantly, but dissolved oxygen (DO) was a high level. Oxygen in supply (Qs) was much greater than oxygen in demand (Cs), which have resulted a large waste of energy consumption. Finally, the subsection regulation strategy was proposed based on the principle of oxygen balance. The results of this study will not only help the WWTP to achieve energy-saving and consumption-reducing, but also stable operation.
The Clinical Efficacy of Anterior Pelvic Wall Locking Plate Fixation Through the Lateral Rectus Approach for Treating Quadrilateral Surface Acetabular Fractures
Authors: Wang Zhidong , Wang ZhenHeng , Chen GuangDong , Gao MaoFeng , Li Mao , Zhu Ruofu , Yang HuiLin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background:Cases of acetabular fractures involving the quadrilateral surface are increasing annually. Quadrilateral surface surgery is complex, involves combined approaches, and the quality of fracture reduction closely depends on the surgical procedure. This study aimed to explore the clinical effects of the anterior pelvic wall locking plate through the lateral rectus approach for treating acetabular fractures involving quadrilateral surface. Methods:A retrospective analysis of 35 patients with acetabular fractures involving the quadrilateral surface treated with anterior pelvic wall-locking plates at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from June 2016 to December 2020. Patients included 25 males and ten females; age 23-82 years, average 52.4 years. The fracture classification was based on the Letournel-Judet classification: 13 cases of double-column fractures, seven cases of T-shaped fractures, seven cases of anterior wall with posterior semi-transverse fractures, and eight cases of transverse fractures. All patients were exposed through the lateral rectus approach, and fractures were fixed with the anterior pelvic wall-locking plate combined with the reconstruction plate. The Matta imaging standard assessed the quality of fracture reduction, and hip joint function was assessed according to the modified Merled’Aubigné-Postel scoring standard. Results:Patients meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were followed up for 12-42 months, with an average of 26.1 months. At the last follow-up, Matta imaging evaluation showed that 24 cases were anatomically reduced (68.6%, 24/35), seven cases were satisfied (20%, 7/35), and four cases were dissatisfied (11.4%, 4/35). The satisfaction rate was 88.6% (31/35), according to the modified Merled'Aubigné-Postel scoring standard. The hip function was excellent in 23 cases, good in six cases, fair in four cases, and poor in two cases. The excellent and good rates were 82.9% (29/35). Conclusion: The acetabular fracture involving the quadrilateral surface is clearly revealed through the lateral rectus approach. The anterior pelvic wall-locking plate combined with the reconstruction plate can fix well, with satisfactory clinical effects.
Minimal Effective Dose of Ropivacaine Under Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Section After Failed Vaginal Delivery by Epidural Labor Analgesia
Authors: Ma Rui , Wang Jianwei , Wei Yu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The studies associated with EC50 of ropivacaine for spinal anesthesia are few worldwide during failed vaginal trial by epidural labor analgesia transfer to cesarean section. We preliminarily explore it to determine the minimum local analgesic dose (MLAD) of ropivacaine for spinal anesthesia during failed vaginal trial by epidural labor analgesia transfer to cesarean section(CS) and survey its adverse effect. Trial design: a sequential experimentMethods: The analgesia quality was defined as effective if VAS ( Visual Analogue Scale) score was less than 3 from 15 min after spinal anesthesia to the end of CS. The Brownlee up-and-down sequential allocation was used to estimate the MLAD of subarachnoid ropivacaine and its 95% confidence intervals during failed vaginal trial by epidural labor analgesia transfer to CS. Results: There were significant changes for the time to reach maximum sensory block, the time to reach maximum motor block and the duration from spinal anesthesia to starting operation and hypotension occurence (p＜0.05, p＜0.0001, respectively) between the effective group and ineffective group. Bradyarrhythmia, nausea, vomiting and chills were no significant changes between these two groups. The EC50 dose of f subarachnoid ropivacaine for failed vaginal trial conversion to CS by epidural labor analgesia was 8.2985 mg , and 95% CI( Confidence Interval) was 8.07947mg~8.52348mg.Conclusion: The MLAD of ropivacaine was 8.2985 mg ( 95% CI: 8.0795mg~ 8.5235mg) for spinal anesthesia for failed vaginal trial by epidural labor analgesia conversion to CS. It was indicated that 8.2985 mg ropivacaine by subarachnoid block for failed vaginal trial transfer to CS can provide satisfactory and safe analgesia to parturients with low incidence rate of side effects.Clinical Trial Registration: This clinical study has been registered at www.chictr.org.cn(ChiCTR1900027527).
Early Knee Osteoarthritis Changes Pre- And Post-Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Assessed By the Semi-Quantitative MRI Osteoarthritis Knee Score (MOAKS) Case Series and Case-Control Study
Authors: Hamada Tsuyoshi , Sato Yusuke , Watanabe Atsuya , Sakai Takayuki , Inoue Masahiro , Nakajima Takayuki , Aoki Yasuchika , Akagi Ryuichiro , Sasho Takahisa , Ohtori Seiji 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Semi-quantitative scoring of knee abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can aid in the diagnosis of early stage knee osteoarthritis (OA). Injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and medial meniscus (MM) can contribute to the development of knee OA, but their relationship to its time of onset is unknown.Purpose: To analyze the factors contributing to early knee OA changes in ACL injured knees using MRI Osteoarthritis Knee Score (MOAKS). Methods: Thirty-four cases status post unilateral ACL reconstruction (ACLR) were included. Knee OA abnormalities were evaluated using MOAKS scores of MRIs performed pre- and post-ACLR. Using multiple linear regression analysis, the MOAKS scores of medial osteophytes, medial cartilage alteration, and patellofemoral cartilage alteration were determined as dependent variables. Age, the presence of a meniscal abnormality, the time from injury to ACLR, and body mass index (BMI) were determined as explanatory variables. MOAKS differences between knees with and without medial meniscus (MM) abnormality were tested for each variable using a 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance with the factors of preoperative vs. postoperative status and MM abnormality. Results: In the pre-ACLR multiple linear regression analysis, the waiting period was significantly and positively associated with medial cartilage loss, Lateral femorotibial osteophytes, lateral cartilage loss. and BMI were positively associated with MM abnormalities. BMI and lateral meniscus (LM) abnormality were significantly associated with lateral cartilage loss. Age was significantly associated with medial osteophytes. Age and LM abnormality were significantly associated with lateral osteophytes. Age, BMI, and LM abnormality were significantly associated with patellofemoral osteophytes. Conclusion: We found early knee OA changes in most knees a mean of 28.2 ± 52.0 months after ACL injury. The time from injury to ACLR, BMI, and the presence of MM or LM abnormality in the ACL injured knee were associated with early knee OA changes. In the ACL injured knee with MM involvement, prompt ACLR may forestall the development of OA.