bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling Judgment in Macroeconomic Forecasts
Authors: Franses Philip Hans 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMany macroeconomic forecasts are the outcome of a judgmental adjustment to a forecast from an econometric model. The size, direction, and motivation of the adjustment are often unknown as usually only the final forecast is available. This is problematic in case an analyst wishes to learn from forecast errors, which could lead to improving the model, the judgment or both. This paper therefore proposes a formal method to include judgment, which makes the combined forecast reproducible. As an illustration, a forecast from a benchmark simple time series model is only modified when the value of a factor, estimated from a multitude of variables, exceeds a user-specified threshold. Simulations and empirical results for forecasting annual real GDP growth in 52 African countries provide an illustration.
The effects of the pandemic on mental health in persons with and without a psychiatric history
Authors: Murphy Eleanor , Svob Connie , Van Dijk Milenna , Gameroff Marc J. , Skipper Jamie , Abraham Eyal , Yangchen Tenzin , Posner Jonathan , Shankman Stewart A. , Wickramaratne Priya J. , Weissman Myrna M. , Talati Ardesheer 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundProspective studies are needed to assess the influence of pre-pandemic risk factors on mental health outcomes following the COVID-19 pandemic. From direct interviews prior to (T1), and then in the same individuals after the pandemic onset (T2), we assessed the influence of personal psychiatric history on changes in symptoms and wellbeing.MethodsTwo hundred and four (19–69 years/117 female) individuals from a multigenerational family study were followed clinically up toT1. Psychiatric symptom changes (T1-to-T2), their association with lifetime psychiatric history (no, only-past, and recent psychiatric history), and pandemic-specific worries were investigated.ResultsAtT2relative toT1, participants with recent psychopathology (in the last 2 years) had significantly fewer depressive (mean,M= 41.7v.47.6) and traumatic symptoms (M= 6.6v.8.1,p< 0.001), while those with no and only-past psychiatric history had decreased wellbeing (M= 22.6v.25.0,p< 0.01). Three pandemic-related worry factors were identified: Illness/death, Financial, and Social isolation. Individuals with recent psychiatric history had greater Illness/death and Financial worries than the no/only-past groups, but these worries were unrelated to depression atT2. Among individuals with no/only-past history, Illness/death worries predicted increasedT2depression [B= 0.6(0.3),p< 0.05].ConclusionsAs recent psychiatric history was not associated with increased depression or anxiety during the pandemic, new groups of previously unaffected persons might contribute to the increased pandemic-related depression and anxiety rates reported. These individuals likely represent incident cases that are first detected in primary care and other non-specialty clinical settings. Such settings may be useful for monitoring future illness among newly at-risk individuals.
MATERIAL TURNS IN BRITISH HISTORY: IV. EMPIRE IN INDIA, CANCEL CULTURES AND THE COUNTRY HOUSE
Authors: Finn Margot C. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTThis lecture seeks to historicise the so-called cancel culture associated with the ‘culture wars’ waged in Britain in c. 2020. Focusing on empire and on the domestic, British impacts of Georgian-era imperial material cultures, it argues that dominant proponents of these ‘culture wars’ in the public sphere fundamentally distort the British pasts they vociferously claim to preserve and defend. By failing to acknowledge the extent to which eighteenth- and nineteenth-century British men and women themselves contested imperial expansion under the aegis of the East India Company – and decried its impact on British material culture, including iconic stately homes – twenty-first-century exponents of culture wars who rail against the present-day rise of histories of race and empire in the heritage sector themselves erase key layers of British experience. In so doing, they impoverish public understanding of the past.
Experiences of adversity in childhood and adolescence and cortisol in late adolescence
Authors: Kessler Courtenay L. , Vrshek-Schallhorn Suzanne , Mineka Susan , Zinbarg Richard E. , Craske Michelle , Adam Emma K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEarly life adversity influences the diurnal cortisol rhythm, yet the relative influence of different characteristics of adversity remains unknown. In this study, we examine how developmental timing (childhood vs. adolescence), severity (major vs. minor), and domain of early life adversity relate to diurnal cortisol rhythms in late adolescence. We assessed adversity retrospectively in early adulthood in a subsample of 236 participants from a longitudinal study of a diverse community sample of suburban adolescents oversampled for high neuroticism. We used multilevel modeling to assess associations between our adversity measures and the diurnal cortisol rhythm (waking and bedtime cortisol, awakening response, slope, and average cortisol). Major childhood adversities were associated with flatter daily slope, and minor adolescent adversities were associated with greater average daily cortisol. Examining domains of childhood adversities, major neglect and sexual abuse were associated with flatter slope and lower waking cortisol, with sexual abuse also associated with higher cortisol awakening response. Major physical abuse was associated with higher waking cortisol. Among adolescent adversities domains, minor neglect, emotional abuse, and witnessing violence were associated with greater average cortisol. These results suggest severity, developmental timing, and domain of adversity influence the association of early life adversity with stress response system functioning.
A review of questionnaires quantifying bilingual experience in children: Do they document the same constructs?
Authors: Kašćelan Draško , Prévost Philippe , Serratrice Ludovica , Tuller Laurie , Unsworth Sharon , De Cat Cécile 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Questionnaires documenting children's bilingual experience have been used frequently in research on language and cognitive development. However, there has been little investigation of the comparability between these tools. In this review, we (i) provide a list of available questionnaires used to quantify bilingual experience in children; (ii) identify the components of bilingual experience documented across questionnaires; and (iii) discuss the comparability of the measures used to operationalise these components. In doing so, we review 48 questionnaires and identify 32 overarching constructs, manifested as 194 components, and we calculate the frequency with which they are documented. Finally, by focusing on a subset of overarching constructs (language exposure and use, activities, and current language skills), we observe high variability in how they are operationalised across tools. These findings highlight the need for greater transparency in how we document bilingualism and for more comparable measures.
Risk factors for Veteran food insecurity: findings from a National US Department of Veterans Affairs Food Insecurity Screener
Authors: Cohen Alicia J , Dosa David M , Rudolph James L , Halladay Christopher W , Heisler Michele , Thomas Kali S 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjective:Food insecurity is associated with numerous adverse health outcomes. The US Veterans Health Administration (VHA) began universal food insecurity screening in 2017. This study examined prevalence and correlates of food insecurity among Veterans screened.Design:Retrospective cross-sectional study using VHA administrative data. Multivariable logistic regression models were estimated to identify sociodemographic and medical characteristics associated with a positive food insecurity screen.Setting:All US Veterans Administration (VA) medical centres (n 161).Participants:All Veterans were screened for food insecurity since screening initiation (July 2017–December 2018).Results:Of 3 304 702 Veterans screened for food insecurity, 44 298 were positive on their initial screen (1·3 % of men; 2·0 % of women). Food insecurity was associated with identifying as non-Hispanic Black or Hispanic. Veterans who were non-married/partnered, low-income Veterans without VA disability-related compensation and those with housing instability had higher odds of food insecurity, as did Veterans with a BMI < 18·5, diabetes, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. Prior military sexual trauma (MST) was associated with food insecurity among both men and women. Women screening positive, however, were eight times more likely than men to have experienced MST (48·9 % v. 5·9 %).Conclusions:Food insecurity was associated with medical and trauma-related comorbidities as well as unmet social needs including housing instability. Additionally, Veterans of colour and women were at higher risk for food insecurity. Findings can inform development of tailored interventions to address food insecurity such as more frequent screening among high-risk populations, onsite support applying for federal food assistance programs and formal partnerships with community-based resources.
Wood vinegar for control of broadleaf weeds in dormant turfgrass
Authors: Hao Zhikui , Bagavathiannan Muthukumar , Li Ying , Qu Mingnan , Wang Zhiyong , Yu Jialin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWood vinegar, a product of pyrolysis, can induce phytotoxicity on plants when applied at an adequate rate and concentration. The objective of this research was to investigate wood vinegar obtained from the pyrolysis of apple tree branches for weed control in dormant zoysiagrass. In environment-controlled growth chambers, white clover visual injury and shoot mass reduction were evaluated and compared to the nontreated control after wood vinegar application at 1,000, 2,000, or 4,000 L ha−1 under 10 C or 30 C temperature conditions. Averaged across rates, wood vinegar rapidly desiccated white clover and caused 83% and 71% visual injury at 10 C and 30 C, respectively, at 1 d after treatment (DAT). Averaged across temperatures, wood vinegar at 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 L ha−1 reduced white clover shoot mass by 56%, 81%, and 98% from the nontreated control at 10 DAT, respectively. In field experiments, weed control increased as wood vinegar rates increased from 1,000 to 5,000 L ha−1 in dormant zoysiagrass. The effective application dose of wood vinegar required to provide 90% control (ED90) of annual fleabane, Persian speedwell, and white clover was determined to be 2,450, 2,300, and 4,020 L ha−1, respectively, at 2 wk after treatment. Turf quality did not differ among the wood vinegar treatments and the nontreated control when zoysiagrass completely recovered from dormancy. Overall, results illustrate that wood vinegar resulting from the pyrolysis of apple tree branches can be used as a nonselective herbicide in dormant turfgrass, offering a new nonsynthetic herbicide option for weed control in managed turf.
Low carryover risk of corn and soybean herbicides across soil management practices and environments
Authors: Grint Kolby R. , Proctor Christopher , DeWerff Ryan , Smith Daniel H. , Arneson Nicholas J. , Arriaga Francisco , Stoltenberg David , Werle Rodrigo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHerbicides with soil-residual activity have the potential for carryover into subsequent crops, resulting in injury to sensitive crops and limiting productivity if severe. The increased use of soil-residual herbicides in the United States for management of troublesome weeds in corn- and soybean-cropping systems has potential to result in more cases of carryover. Soil management practices have different effects on the soil environment, potentially influencing herbicide degradation and likelihood of carryover. Field experiments were conducted at three sites in 2019 and 2020 to determine the effects of corn (clopyralid and mesotrione) and soybean (fomesafen and imazethapyr) herbicides applied in the fall at reduced rates (25% and 50% of labeled rates) and three soil management practices (tillage, no-tillage, and a fall-established cereal rye cover crop) on subsequent growth and productivity of the cereal rye cover crop and the soybean and corn crops, respectively. Most response variables (cereal rye biomass and crop canopy cover at cover crop termination in the spring, early-season crop stand and herbicide injury ratings, and crop yield) were not affected by herbicide carryover. Corn yield was lower when soil was managed with a cereal rye cover crop compared with tillage at all three sites, while yield was lower for no-till compared with tillage at two sites. Soybean yield was lower when managed with a cereal rye cover crop compared with tillage and no-till at one site. Findings from this research indicate a low carryover risk for these herbicides across site-years when label rotational restrictions are followed and environmental conditions favorable for herbicide degradation exist, regardless of soil management practice on silt loam or silty clay loam soil types in the U.S. Midwest region.
Sulfur Isotope Constraints on the Petrogenesis of the Kimberley Kimberlites
Authors: Fitzpayne Angus , Giuliani Andrea , Magalhães Nivea , Soltys Ashton , Fiorentini Marco L. , Farquhar James 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCretaceous kimberlites in southern Africa have been suggested to host deeply subducted material in their mantle sources based on radiogenic isotope systematics. However, potential subducted material contributions to the volatile budget, including sulfur, of these kimberlites is unclear. Here we report new petrographic, geochemical, and isotopic data on sulfides and sulfates in sub‐volcanic kimberlites from Kimberley, South Africa. The examined kimberlites were divided into four groups based on their sulfide mineralogy, sulfur contents, and isotopic compositions. None of these groups exhibit clear signs of mass‐independent fractionation. Three samples contain sphalerite, have moderate bulk‐sulfide S concentrations (203–329 μg/g) and highly negative bulk‐sulfide δ34S values (−10 to −13‰). Four samples have moderate‐to‐high bulk‐sulfide S contents (220–745 μg/g), positive δ34Ssulfide values (+0.2 to +14‰), and contain galena, pyrite or secondary Cu‐sulfides as the dominant sulfides. These groups of S‐rich kimberlites were probably contaminated by fluids sourced from local country rocks. The remaining eight samples contain negligible amounts of crustal sulfides (e.g., sphalerite, galena), have lower bulk‐sulfide S concentrations (≤111 μg/g), and display a different δ34Ssulfide range (−5.7 to +1.1‰) compared to the S‐rich groups. By considering only the five samples with fresh primary Cu‐Fe‐Ni sulfides, the δ34S range contracts to between −5.7 and −3.4‰, which is considered representative of the mantle source composition. This range indicates the presence of a deeply recycled sedimentary component in the melt source. The combination of detailed sulfide petrography and S isotope geochemistry in fresh kimberlite rocks provides a further tool to investigate mantle chemical geodynamics through time.
How Does In Situ Stress Rotate Within a Fault Zone? Insights From Explicit Modeling of the Frictional, Fractured Rock Mass
Authors: Zhang Shihuai , Ma Xiaodong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe quantitatively investigate the spatial stress variations within the fault zone rock mass by explicitly incorporating macroscopic fractures into a 2D multilayer model. Based on elastic crack theory, we first derive a unified constitutive law for frictional fractures, featuring elastic and plastic shear deformation and shear‐induced dilatancy. To honor the varying degrees of damage across fault zones, the multilayer model is composed of varying densities of randomly oriented frictional fractures from layer to layer. Under the boundary conditions specific to fault zones, the global mechanical response of each layer is quantitatively related to the local fracture deformation. We show that the major principal stress always rotates toward a limiting angle of 45° with respect to the fault plane and that the differential stress invariantly decreases with increasing fracture density. Approaching the fault core, the mean stress can either increase or decrease, depending on whether the fault strikes at a high (>45°) or low (<45°) angle to the regional major principal stress. Accumulated damage also results in the decrease and increase of the effective Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of the fractured rock mass, respectively. Both the fracture properties and pore pressure affect the stress variations by modulating the fracture‐associated deformation and the relative proportion of the elastic and plastic components. Our model illuminates the systematic variations of in situ stresses and effective elastic properties within the damage zone of a mature fault.
Estimated Amounts and Rates of Carbon Mobilized by Landsliding in Old‐Growth Temperate Forests of SE Alaska
Authors: Vascik Bryce A. , Booth Adam M. , Buma Brian , Berti Matteo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLandslides, a forest disturbance, mobilize carbon (C) sequestered in vegetation and soils. Mobilized C is deposited either onto hillslopes or into the water, sequestering C from and releasing C to the atmosphere at different time scales. The C‐dense old‐growth temperate forests of SE Alaska are a unique location to quantify C mobilization rate by frequent landslides that often evolve into saturated moving masses known as debris flows. In this study, the amount of C mobilized by debris flows over historic time scales was estimated by combining a landslide inventory with maps of modeled biomass and soil carbon. We analyzed SE Alaskan landslides over a 55‐year period where a total of 4.69 ± 0.21 MtC was mobilized, an average rate of 2.5 tC km−2 yr−1. A single event in August 2015 mobilized 57,651 ± 3,266 tC, an average of 63 tC km−2. Depositional fate was inferred using two methods, a standard stream intersection analysis and a second novel approach using simulated debris flow deposition modeling calibrated to the study area. Approximately 60% of debris flow deposits intersected the stream network (9% into mainstem channels, 91% into small tributaries), consistent with long‐term modeled connectivity, suggesting that debris flows are likely to contribute to globally significant amounts of C buried in local fjord sediments. Our results are consistent with an emerging consensus that landslide disturbances that mobilize organic carbon may play an important role in the global carbon cycle over geologic time, with coastal temperate forests being hotspots of potential carbon sequestration.
Optical Anisotropy in van der Waals materials: Impact on Direct Excitation of Plasmons and Photons by Quantum Tunneling
Authors: Wang Zhe , Kalathingal Vijith , Hoang Thanh Xuan , Chu Hong-Son , Nijhuis Christian A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInelastic quantum mechanical tunneling of electrons across plasmonic tunnel junctions can lead to surface plasmon polariton (SPP) and photon emission. So far, the optical properties of such junctions have been controlled by changing the shape, or the type of the material, of the electrodes, primarily with the aim to improve SPP or photon emission efficiencies. Here we show that by tuning the tunneling barrier itself, the efficiency of the inelastic tunneling rates can be improved by a factor of 3. We exploit the anisotropic nature of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) as the tunneling barrier material in Au//hBN//graphene tunnel junctions where the Au electrode also serves as a plasmonic strip waveguide. As this junction constitutes an optically transparent hBN–graphene heterostructure on a glass substrate, it forms an open plasmonic system where the SPPs are directly coupled to the dedicated strip waveguide and photons outcouple to the far field. We experimentally and analytically show that the photon emission rate per tunneling electron is significantly improved (~ ×3) in Au//hBN//graphene tunnel junction due to the enhancement in the local density of optical states (LDOS) arising from the hBN anisotropy. With the dedicated strip waveguide, SPP outcoupling efficiency is quantified and is found to be ∼ 80% stronger than the radiative outcoupling in Au//hBN//graphene due to the high LDOS of the SPP decay channel associated with the inelastic tunneling. The new insights elucidated here deepen our understanding of plasmonic tunnel junctions beyond the isotropic models with enhanced LDOS.
Unravelling similarities and differences in the role of circular and linear PVT1 in cancer and human disease
Authors: Traversa Debora , Simonetti Giorgia , Tolomeo Doron , Visci Grazia , Macchia Gemma , Ghetti Martina , Martinelli Giovanni , Kristensen Lasse S. , Storlazzi Clelia Tiziana 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) is a long non-coding RNA gene involved in human disease, mainly in cancer onset/progression. Although widely analysed, its biological roles need to be further clarified. Notably, functional studies on PVT1 are complicated by the occurrence of multiple transcript variants, linear and circular, which generate technical issues in the experimental procedures used to evaluate its impact on human disease. Among the many PVT1 transcripts, the linear PVT1 (lncPVT1) and the circular hsa_circ_0001821 (circPVT1) are frequently reported to perform similar pathologic and pro-tumorigenic functions when overexpressed. The stimulation of cell proliferation, invasion and drug resistance, cell metabolism regulation, and apoptosis inhibition is controlled through multiple targets, including MYC, p21, STAT3, vimentin, cadherins, the PI3K/AKT, HK2, BCL2, and CASP3. However, some of this evidence may originate from an incorrect evaluation of these transcripts as two separate molecules, as they share the lncPVT1 exon-2 sequence. We here summarise lncPVT1/circPVT1 functions by mainly focusing on shared pathways, pointing out the potential bias that may exist when the biological role of each transcript is analysed. These considerations may improve the knowledge about lncPVT1/circPVT1 and their specific targets, which deserve further studies due to their diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potential.