bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing critical thinking skills towards biology course using two active learning strategies
Authors: Alsarayreh Raghad Shaher 
Published: February 2021

This study aimed to identify the impact of teaching critical thinking skills on the attitude towards biology courses among female students of tenth grade in Jordan using two active learning strategies. To achieve this, the Critical Thinking Scale and the Attitude towards Biology Scale was used, and its validity and consistency were verified. The sample of the study wad (90) female students from the tenth grade in Southern Mazar Directorate in the academic year (2019-2020). The sample of this study was randomly assigned to three groups: the first was experimental group which consisted of (31) students who studied the genetics unit using the directed investigation strategy. The second was the experimental group which consisted of (29) students who studied the genetics unit using the discussion strategy, but the control group consisted of (30) students who studied the genetics unit in the usual way. Data were collected and analyzed after implementing the experiment, which lasted for two months. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences in performance on the Critical Thinking Scale and the Attitude towards Biology Scale in favor of the two experimental groups. The study recommended adopting active learning strategies in teaching science courses in general and biology courses, in addition to conducting more studies on active learning strategies with other variables and classrooms.

Keywords: active learning, investigation, discussion, critical thinking, attitude towards biology
Understanding learning outcomes: Comparing the effect of spacing instruction versus massed instruction
Authors: Sewang Anwar 
Published: February 2021

This study is comparing the effects of spacing instruction and massed instruction on Indonesian education students. To fulfill this objective, two intact classes were selected; one as a spacing group and another one as a massed group. Afterward, researcher administering a pre-test measured the skills of participants Islamic education. After that, only then did they receive treatment. In mass classes, the material is taught in an intensive 90-minute session, while the material is taught to space groups in three short sessions (each 30-minute session). After the instructions were carried out, a post-test was carried out in both groups, both mass classes and space groups. Then the post-test result data were analyzed using paired and independent sample t-test. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the post-test spacing group and the mass group. The results of this study indicated that the spacing group significantly outperformed the mass group at the final test. Finally, the implications of the study are discussed.

Keywords: Learning Outcomes, Massed instruction, Spacing instruction, education skills;
Assessing the language skills of primary school students with and without learning disabilities in the context of narration
Authors: Seçkin Yılmaz Şaziye 
Published: February 2021

This study aims to examine the language skills of Turkish-speaking primary school students who have learning disabilities (LD) and of their peers with typical development (TD) in comparison, by assessing these skills in the context of narration. For this, a comparative descriptive research model was used in the study. The study participants consisted of a total of 70 primary school students: 35 with LD and 35 with TD. To collect the data, two picture books of similar complexity and a story about one of these books were used. The participants were asked to tell the stories in the contexts of narrative tell and narrative retell. The stories told were analysed and scored according to the language features. The findings have shown that the students with LD exhibited lower language performance than their peers with TD in both narrative tell and narrative retell contexts, and both groups’ performances in the language elements were higher in the context of narrative retell. The findings have been discussed in line with the relevant literature, and suggestions for further research and practice have been presented.
Keywords: Learning disability; language skills; language assessment; narrative
Analysis of the factors that influence mathematics achievement in the ASEAN countries
Authors: Maamin Martina , Maat Siti Mistima , Iksan Zanaton H 
Published: February 2021

Mathematical achievements affect students in determining their future careers and the economy of a country. However, mathematical achievement in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries has not reached the target, except in Singapore. However, no systematic studies have examined this problem yet. Thus, this study was conducted to identify the factors that influence mathematical achievement in ASEAN countries. Using the guidance of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses statement’s review methodology, systematic reviews using the Scopus and Web of Science databases identified 40 studies related to mathematics achievement in ASEAN countries. The results show that the factors of students, families, teachers, schools and policymakers influence mathematical achievements in ASEAN countries. Thus, mathematical achievement in ASEAN countries is not influenced by students alone. Suggestions in the future should pay serious attention to all factors in order to improve mathematical achievement in ASEAN countries.

Keywords: Mathematics achievement, factors, ASEAN countries, systematic review;
Distance learning hybrid format for university students in post-pandemic perspective: Collaborative technologies aspect
Authors: Masalimova Alfiya R. , Ryazanova Elena L. , Tararina Larisa I. , Sokolova Ekaterina G. , Ikrennikova Yuliya B. , Efimushkina Svetlana V. , Shulga Tatiana I. 
Published: February 2021

The relevance of the research is determined by the key ideas of the hybrid format of students distance learning and collaborative technologies of its implementation in the post- pandemic perspective of the university educational process. The authors, taking into account the trends of transformations of the educational process of the university in the post-pandemic perspective, reveal the content of the key concepts of the hybrid format of distance learning for students. The priorities of collaborative technologies aimed at supporting the hybrid format of distance learning of university students are determined. Based on the results of the study, the authors of the article substantiate the productivity and prove the effectiveness of the implementation of platform models of the hybrid distance-learning format. The materials of the article are recommended to teachers and students of the university, methodologists, curators, tutors.

Keywords: student's personality, post-pandemic perspective of university development, distance learning, hybrid format of distance learning, mixed learning, collaborative technologies, platform model, pedagogical design
Problematika Normatif Jaminan Hak-Hak Pekerja Dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 Tentang Cipta Kerja
Authors: Sjaiful Muh 
Published: February 2021

Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis problematika normatif muatan pasal yang terkandung dalam Undang-Undang Cipta Lapangan Kerja dan untuk mengungkap filosofi konseptual yang melandasi lahirnya Undang-Undang Cipta Lapangan Kerja sehingga dianggap tidak egaliter serta akomodatif menjamin hak-hak untuk mendapatkan kesejahteraan ekonomi para pekerja. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode dengan tipe penelitian hukum normatif. Pendekatannya adalah pendekatan filosofis konseptual dan pendekatan undang-undang. Penelitian ini juga menggunakan pendekatan hukum sosiologis sebagai alat bantu dalam tipe penelitian hukum normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Undang-Undang Cipta Lapangan Kerja masih menyimpan sejumlah problematika normatif, yakni belum memberikan jaminan kepastian hukum bagi perlindungan hak-hak pekerja, semisal upah yang layak, jaminan kesehatan, hak cuti/hamil. Undang-undang hanya mengakomodir kepentingan pengusaha sehingga dapat berimplikasi PHK terhadap buruh/pekerja secara sepihak. Penyebabnya terpokok terpokok kepada spirit ekonomi liberalistik yang menjadi basis fundamental kelahiran undang-undang tersebut. Inilah yang menuai penolakan sebahagian besar masyarakat terhadap undang-undang cipta lapangan kerja yang belakangan sudah digodok DPR.
PERAN AYAH SINGLE PARENT DALAM MENJALANKAN FUNGSI KELUARGA PADA MASYARAKAT MISKIN DI KELURAHAN NUSUKAN KECAMATAN BANJARSARI KOTA SURAKARTA
Authors: Rastiti Tri Dyah , Sakuntalawati Ratna Devi 
Published: February 2021

<p>The objective of this thesis research was to describe the role of single parent fathers in carrying out family functions in poor communities in Nusukan Village, Banjarsari Sub-District, Surakarta City. The theory used in this study was the role set theory proposed by Robert K. Merton. This study used a qualitative approach with naturalistic inquiry research method. The sampling technique used was snowball sampling and purposive sampling. The results showed that single parent fathers had carried out family functions. For the socialization function, fathers had become teachers and role models for their children, so that the children had good character. Affection function showed that the fathers became children’s playmate, so that the children became more excited and formed self-confidence and independence. In addition, the fathers had given love and affection to their children. The status determination function showed that the fathers had provided support to the children and appreciated their potential. The protection function showed that the fathers had protected and taught discipline to their children. For the economic function, the fathers had fulfilled the needs of children’s food, clothing and simple housing. In carrying out family functions, the fathers not only had social relationships with their children, such as the oldest child, neighbors, grandmother, siblings, the father’s friends, the school party, and the owner of food stalls and shops.</p><p> </p>
In Vivo Imaging of Fibroblast Activity Using a 68Ga-Labeled Fibroblast Activation Protein Alpha (FAP-α) Inhibitor
Authors: Zhang Xueying , Chen Daoyun , Babich John W. , Green Samuel J.E. , Deng Xiang-Hua , Rodeo Scott A. 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Rotator cuff repair site failure is a well-established clinical concern. Tendon-to-bone healing is initiated by inflammatory mediators followed by matrix synthesis by fibroblasts. The kinetics of fibroblast accumulation and activity are currently poorly understood.

Methods:
Ninety-six mice underwent supraspinatus tendon repair. Six were used for imaging using a novel 68Gallium (Ga)-labeled fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAP-α) inhibitor and positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) at days 0 (before surgery), 3, 7, 14, and 28. Sixty-eight animals were divided into 4 groups to be evaluated at 3, 7, 14, or 28 days. Twenty-two native shoulders from mice without surgery were used as the control group (intact tendon). Six animals from each group were used for histological analysis; 6 from each group were used for evaluation of fibroblastic response-related gene expression; and 10 mice each from the intact, 14-day, and 28-day groups were used for biomechanical testing.

Results:
There was minimal localization of 68Ga-labeled FAP-α inhibitor in the shoulders at day 0 (before surgery). There was significantly increased uptake in the shoulders with surgery compared with the contralateral sides without surgery at 3, 7, and 14 days. 68Ga-labeled FAP-α inhibitor uptake in the surgically treated shoulders increased gradually and peaked at 14 days followed by a decrease at 28 days. Gene expression for smooth muscle alpha (α)-2 (acta2), FAP-α, and fibronectin increased postsurgery followed by a drop at 28 days. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that FAP-α-positive cell density followed a similar temporal trend, peaking at 14 days. All trends matched closely with the PET/CT results. Biomechanical testing demonstrated a gradual increase in failure load during the healing process.

Conclusions:

68Ga-labeled FAP-α inhibitor PET/CT allows facile, high-contrast in vivo 3-dimensional imaging of fibroblastic activity in a mouse rotator cuff repair model.

Clinical Relevance:
Noninvasive imaging of activated fibroblasts using labeled radiotracers may be a valuable tool to follow the progression of healing at the bone-tendon interface.
Low-Back Pain Revealing an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in a 15-Year-Old Girl
Authors: Gaumetou Elodie , Mihluedo-Agbolan Komlan A. , Souchet Anne S. , Maupain Olivier 
Published: February 2021

Case:
An abdominal aortic aneurysm is rarely seen in children. We report the case of a 15-year-old girl who presented with lower back pain in a subfebrile setting with moderate biological inflammatory syndrome. Imaging assessment, including a spinal magnetic resonance imaging, had shown no evidence of spondylodiscitis or other spinal or renal pathology. Ten days later, she presented in hemorrhagic shock and was found to have a ruptured infected aneurysm of the abdominal aorta.

Conclusions:
This case reminds us to include an aneurysm in the differential diagnosis of lower back pain, even in children.
Delivering the Strengthening Families Program to Native American Families During COVID-19: Lessons & Next Steps
Authors: Davis Sharah A , Mendenhall Amy N. , Levy Michelle Marie , Holmes Cheryl , Fairman Maria , Jung EuiJin 
Published: February 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic (COVID) of 2020 has forced adaptation for all Americans. Programs that serve Native American children and families are particularly critical during this time due to the disproportionate risks and disparities faced by this population. The objective of this qualitative evaluation is to gather adult participant feedback on strengths and needed changes with a telehealth adaptation of the Strengthening Families Program. This evaluation builds on previous knowledge of SFP group leadership which suggests that supportive helping relationships paired with dynamic flexibility are facilitators of effective family engagement. Participant feedback suggests that caregiver’s felt comfort, care, and genuine concern. In addition all participants noticed a difference in their families’ communication and relationships. Although tragic and challenging, the COVID-19 pandemic, forced a spotlight on barriers (limited internet access, social services, and food resources) that were needed to sustain participation and increase resilience among Native American residents in this mid-western state. The individualized planning and checking in on every level which started out as a “how do we replicated this service” became about building resilience strategies for Native American families in this critical time in history.
Prediction Model for Morphological Distribution and Evolution of Submarine Cuttings Piles in Offshore Drilling
Authors: Zhang Zhi , Sun Baojiang , Wang Zhiyuan , Tong Shikun , Guo Bing , Du Kai 
Published: February 2021

Summary
Offshore oil and gas has effectively alleviated the global shortage of oil and gas resources, and drilling operations are becoming increasingly frequent. However, the cuttings discharged during surface drilling are transported and deposited to form cuttings piles, which pose a serious threat to the marine ecological environment. In this study, we consider the randomness and uncertainty of cuttings movement to divide the transport process into parabola and collision motion between the moving particles and slope particles after falling on the slope surface of cuttings piles. Through specific analysis of the stress state of a single particle in the transport process and changes in momentum distribution of the particle swarm, the evolution model of the morphological distribution of cuttings piles and the nearby flow field is established. This model can quantitatively analyze the evolution law of the morphological distribution of cuttings piles under the action of ocean current and the disturbance law of the flow field near the cuttings piles caused by the invasion of cuttings particles. Comparing the measured data at an offshore drilling field and prediction results of the model of Sun et al. (2020), the relative error of the model amounts to less than 15%, which demonstrates its rationality. The simulation results show that the morphological distribution of cuttings piles and the nearby flow field change significantly under the action of ocean current, and the intensity of evolution is related to the current velocity and cuttings size, which is of great significance for the quantitative analysis of the evolution of cuttings piles under the action of ocean currents and accurate prediction of their morphological distribution.
Avian species richness in cities: A review of the Spanish-language literature from the Southern Cone of South America
Authors: Muñoz-Pacheco Catalina B. , Villasenor Nelida R. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
South America sustains an important part of the world’s terrestrial biodiversity and presents a high urbanization level. Global syntheses have revealed a paucity of urban ecological research in this region; however, local research might be overlooked due to language barriers. To contribute to disseminate local knowledge, we synthesized the Spanish-language literature on bird species richness in the Southern Cone of South America - an area of high diversity, endemism, and more than half of the world’s terrestrial biomes. In this systematic review, we identified patterns and trends in the literature, and the variables that influence bird species richness. Most research was performed in large cities, focused on green areas (large urban parks), short-termed (1 year or less) and involved one season only (reproductive). The most studied biomes were Temperate grasslands, savannas and shrublands, and Mediterranean and Temperate forests, and no study was found in mountains or deserts. Bird species richness in cities from the Southern Cone was positively influenced by vegetation cover and plant and habitat diversity; whereas variables associated with urban cover and disturbance exhibited negative effects. Important gaps of knowledge include research in small and medium size cities, in overlooked biomes (desserts, xeric shrublands, montane grasslands and shrublands), long-term research, comprising different seasons, including green space other than urban parks, and interdisciplinary studies that consider environmental, social, and economic components of urban ecosystems. By filling these key knowledge gaps, researchers from South America can contribute to the development of science-based actions to preserve nature in an urbanizing world.
Transcriptomic Characteristics of Suboptimal Health Status: Potential Utility of Novel Biomarkers for Predictive, Preventive, and Personalized Medicine Strategy
Authors: Wang Hao , Tian Qiuyue , Zhang Jie , Liu Hongqi , Zhang Jinxia , Cao Weijie , Zhang Xiaoyu , Li Xingang , Wu Lijuan , Song Manshu , Kong Yuanyuan , Wang Wei , Wang Youxin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
The early diagnosis of Suboptimal Health Status (SHS) creates a window opportunity for the predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM) of chronic diseases. Previous studies have observed the alterations in several mRNA levels in SHS individuals. As a promising “omics” technology offering comprehension of genome structure and function at RNA level, transcriptome profiling can provide innovative molecular biomarkers for the predictive diagnosis and targeted prevention of SHS.
Methods
To explore the potential diagnostic biomarkers, biological functions, and signaling pathways involved in SHS, an RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq)-based transcriptome analysis was firstly conducted on buffy coat samples collected from 30 participants with SHS and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls.
Results
Transcriptome analysis identified a total of 46 differentially expressed genes, in which 22 transcripts were significantly increased and 24 transcripts were decreased in the SHS group. A total of 23 transcripts was selected as candidate diagnostic biomarkers for SHS. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis revealed that several biological processes were related to SHS, such as ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter and neurodegeneration. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis identified 10 hub gene related to SHS, including GJA1, TWIST2, KRT1, TUBB3, AMHR2, BMP10, MT3, BMPER, NTM and TMEM98. A transcriptome diagnosis model can distinguish SHS individuals from the healthy controls with a sensitivity of 83.3% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 73.9%-92.7%), a specificity of 90.0% (95% CI: 82.4%-97.6%), and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.938 (95% CI: 0.882–0.994).
Conclusion
Blood transcripts are potentially objective biomarkers for the SHS diagnosis. These findings determine the potential utility of SHS-related transcriptomic biomarkers for PPPM of chronic diseases.
Molecular Mechanism of ATF6α/S1P/S2P Signaling Pathway in Hippocampal Neuron Apoptosis in SPS Rats
Authors: han liang , Xu Yan hao , Shi Yu xiu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Apoptosis of hippocampal neurons is one of the mechanisms of hippocampal atrophy in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and it is also one of the important reasons of memory disorder in PTSD patients. The endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) mediated by activated transcription factor 6α(ATF6α)/site 1 protease (S1P)/S2P is involved in cell apoptosis, but it is not clear whether it is involved in hippocampal neuron apoptosis caused by PTSD. The PTSD rat model was constructed by the single-prolonged stress (SPS) method. The experiment was divided into two parts: (1) Control group, SPS 1d group, SPS 7d group, SPS 14d group. (2) Control group, SPS 7d group, SPS 7d+AEBSF group, control+AEBSF group. 4-(2-Aminoethyl) benzenesulfonyl fluoride hydrochloride (AEBSF) is an ATF6α pathway inhibitor. The expression of ATF6α, glucose regulated protein (GRP78), S1P, S2, C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), caspase-12 protein and mRNA in the hippocampus of PTSD rats were detected by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and qRT-PCR. The apoptosis of hippocampal neurons was detected by TUNEL staining. In experiment 1, the protein and mRNA expression of ATF6α, GRP78 increased gradually in SPS 1d group and SPS 7d group, but decreased in SPS 14d group(P<0.01). In experiment 2, compared with the control group, the protein and mRNA expression of ATF6α, GRP78, S1P, S2P, CHOP, caspase-12 and apoptosis rate were significantly increased in SPS 7d group(P<0.01). However, the protein and mRNA expression of ATF6α, GRP78, S1P, S2P, CHOP, caspase-12 and apoptosis rate were significantly decreased after AEBSF pretreatment(P<0.01). SPS induces apoptosis of hippocampal neurons by activating ERS mediated by ATF6α, suggesting that ERS-induced apoptosis is involved in the occurrence of PTSD.