bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Awareness towards Disposal of Unused Medication in District Shaheed Benazirabad Sindh
Authors: Kaloi Ghulam Abbas , Suheryani Imran , Ghoto Muhammad Ali , Mughal Ubed-ur-Rehman , Sultana Razia , Tabassum Rafia , Qureshi Yasmeen , Jamali Jameela , Khan Tooba , Rustamani Fozia 
Published: December 2021

Aims: The purpose of this study was to examine level of awareness about proper disposal of unused medicine. It is a growing problem. People directly dispose unused medicines into waste or flush into sink. Finally, these improperly disposed medicines mix with wastewater leach out into sea water, ground water, drinking water and effect human and other forms of life and develop microbial resistance and accidental poising and various societal repercussion. Confusion exists in people about proper disposal of unused medicine. Despite of already available guidelines people very rarely follow proper disposal methods. Particularly in developing countries situation is very alarming. It is well established fact that knowledge and level of awareness play pivotal role for practice of proper disposal methods.
Study Design: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Methodology: This study was conducted in Nawab Shah and its vicinities: Sakrand, Kaziahamed, Bachalpur, during September 2019 to May 2020. The number of participants were included in the study according Slovin's Formula. The simple random sampling method was used to select participants. The level of awareness about proper disposal of unused medicine of 400 participants was assessed through a well-designed questionnaire. The questionnaires were distributed to the participants at their homes with the help of volunteers. The descriptive statistics were analyzed through latest version of MS excel 2016.
Results: Out of 400, 320 (80%) of the participants admitted have no knowledge for proper disposal of unused medicines. 185 (46.25%) of the participants viewed throwing unused medicines into waste was correct. Whereas 176 (44%) of the participants believed improperly thrown medicines has no effect on environment.
Conclusion: The level of knowledge about proper disposal of unused medicine was found very low in study participants. It is suggested government should incorporate guidelines about the harmful effects of improper disposal of unused medicines in curriculum at primary level of education.
Gestão Estratégica da Propriedade Intelectual: um estudo sobre o Núcleo de Inovação Tecnológica do Instituto Federal Baiano no contexto do novo marco legal da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (CT&I)
Authors: Souza Sandra Santos , Rocha de Souza André Luis , Ferreira Lima Ângela Maria , Valença Araújo Márcio Luis 
Published: December 2021

A pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar as forças, oportunidades, fraquezas e ameaças relacionadas ao Núcleo de Inovação Tecnológica (NIT) do Instituto Federal Baiano (IF Baiano) em face do contexto trazido pelo novo Marco Legal da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (CT&I) instituído pela Lei n. 13.243/2016. Este trabalho apresenta abordagem qualitativa, de natureza exploratória, e uso de pesquisa documental. Para tanto, foram coletados dados secundários para o diagnóstico das Forças, Oportunidades, Fraquezas e Ameaças – Matriz FOFA (do inglês SWOT). As constatações dos pontos fortes e fracos do NIT/IF Baiano são importantes para auxiliar nas decisões dos gestores e para apoiar ações que favoreçam o incremento da inovação tecnológica. Conclui-se que o setor deve continuar se fortalecendo nas legislações de inovação para o fomento tecnológico e científico com o intuito de obter soluções e benefícios para a sociedade.
Self‐Healable Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Thermoelectric Materials with Excellent Ionic Thermoelectric Properties
Authors: Malik Yoga Trianzar , Akbar Zico Alaia , Seo Jin Young , Cho Sangho , Jang Sung‐Yeon , Jeon Ju‐Won 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSelf‐healable and stretchable thermoelectric (TE) materials provide new possibilities for self‐powered flexible wearable devices to self‐repair mechanical damage. However, developing high‐performance materials with such desirable TE and mechanical properties is a significant challenge. In this work, organic–inorganic ionic TE composites (OITCs) with an unprecedently high ionic TE figure of merit (ZTi = 3.74 at 80% relative humidity) and robust properties of simultaneous self‐healing and stretching are reported. The OITCs are developed by incorporating inorganic SiO2 nanoparticles (SiO2‐nps) in a polyaniline: poly(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid): phytic acid (PANI:PAAMPSA:PA) ternary polymer. The incorporated SiO2‐nps constructively interact with the hybrid polymer to provide autonomous self‐healability and stretchability while augmenting the mobile proton concentration in OITCs, which substantially improves their ionic TE properties (i.e., ionic Seebeck coefficient and ionic conductivity). Moreover, the OITCs remain repeatedly stretchable and self‐healable under severe external stresses (50 cycles of 100% strain and 25 cycles of cutting/healing) without degradation of their TE properties. Using the OITCs with multi‐walled carbon nanotube electrodes, an ionic TE supercapacitor (ITESC) with a maximum energy density of 19.4 mJ m−2 is demonstrated upon a temperature difference of 1.8 K.
Evaluation of postgastrectomy symptoms and daily lives of small remnant distal gastrectomy for upper‐third gastric cancer using a large‐scale questionnaire survey
Authors: Nunobe Souya , Takahashi Masazumi , Kinami Shinichi , Fujita Junya , Suzuki Takahisa , Suzuki Akihiro , Tanahashi Toshiyuki , Kawaguchi Yoshihiko , Oshio Atsushi , Nakada Koji 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimTotal gastrectomy (TG) is often performed for proximal gastric cancer. Small remnant distal gastrectomy (SRDG) can also be used in cases where surgical margins can be secured. The impact of preserving proximal small remnant stomach on postoperative quality of life (QOL) has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we compared postgastrectomy symptoms and daily lives between patients undergoing SRDG and those undergoing TG for proximal gastric cancer using the developed Postgastrectomy Syndrome Assessment Scale (PGSAS)‐45.MethodsOf the 1909 patients enrolled in the PGSAS NEXT study, univariate analysis of 19 main outcomes measures (MOMs) of PGSAS‐45 was performed in patients undergoing TG (n = 1020) or SRDG (n = 54). Multiple regression analysis was performed with several clinical factors as explanatory variables.ResultsThere was no difference in age and sex between TG and SRDG groups. In SRDG group, postoperative period was shorter, the rates of laparoscopic approach and preservation of the celiac branch of the vagus nerve were higher, and the rates of clinical stage III/IV disease, ≥D2 dissection, and combined resection with other organs were lower than in the TG group significantly (P < .05). SRDG was associated with significantly lower symptoms and better daily lives than TG in 12 and 13 of 19 MOMs in PGSAS‐45 by univariate and multiple regression analyses, respectively (P < .05). Several other clinical factors were also associated with certain MOMs.ConclusionThe PGSAS‐45 revealed that SRDG was associated with better postgastrectomy symptoms and daily lives than TG.
“Being a team of five strong women… we had to make an impression:” The College Math Academy as an intervention into mathematics education
Authors: Bhattacharya Nandini , Langhout Regina D. , Sylvane Vaccarino‐Ruiz S. , Jackson Natalya , Woolfe Maya , Matta Wendy , Zuniga Britney , Rowe Zella , Gibo Leilani 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper, a first‐person account, describes a community psychology‐aligned intervention into a precalculus mathematics class at an Hispanic Serving Research Institution. The intervention was designed because the standard precalculus mathematics class had a high failure rate, especially for Latinx students, which was serving as a barrier for declaration of a Science, Technology, Engineering, or Mathematics major. The high failure rate indicates a structural problem that requires a structural intervention. The paper is coauthored with the teaching team, undergraduates who had taken the course, a graduate student who evaluated the class, and a community psychologist. We describe the ways that the new course, the College Math Academy, transformed the social environment through capacity building, providing access to valued resources for historically marginalized groups, facilitating opportunities to critique dominant power structures, prioritizing perspectives and experiences of people of color, and promoting understanding of how various social forces shape culture and values. The course also decentered white educational norms via adapting decoloniality and liberatory practices. In turn, each person describes their experience of the course. We draw on the first‐person accounts to show how they illustrate a transformative, decolonial, and liberatory social environment. We end with implications for how community psychologists can work in their universities to support structural change.
The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on emotional and behavioral stress of informal family caregivers of individuals with stroke or traumatic brain injury at chronic phase living in a Mediterranean setting
Authors: Garcia‐Rudolph Alejandro , Sauri Joan , Garcia‐Molina Alberto , Cegarra Blanca , Opisso Eloy , Tormos Josep Maria , Frey Dietmar , Madai Vince Istvan , Bernabeu Montserrat 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionEven in nonpandemic times, persons with disabilities experience emotional and behavioral disturbances which are distressing for them and for their close persons. We aimed at comparing the levels of stress in emotional and behavioral aspects, before and during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), as reported by informal family caregivers of individuals with chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI) or stroke living in the community, considering two different stratifications of the recipients of care (cause and injury severity).MethodsWe conducted a STROBE‐compliant prospective observational study analyzing informal caregivers of individuals with stroke (IC‐STROKE) or traumatic brain injury (IC‐TBI).IC‐STROKE and IC‐TBI were assessed in‐person before and during COVID‐19 online, using the Head Injury Behavior Scale (HIBS). The HIBS comprises behavioral and emotional subtotals (10 items each) and a total‐HIBS. Comparisons were performed using the McNemar's test, Wilcoxon signed‐rank test or t‐test. Recipients of care were stratified according to their injury severity using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS).ResultsOne hundred twenty‐two informal caregivers (62.3% IC‐STROKE and 37.7% IC‐TBI) were assessed online between June 2020 and April 2021 and compared to their own assessments performed in‐person 1.74 ± 0.88 years before the COVID‐19 lockdown.IC‐STROKE significantly increased their level of stress during COVID‐19 in five emotional items (impatience, frequent complaining, often disputes topics, mood change and overly sensitive) and in one behavioral item (overly dependent). IC‐TBI stress level only increased in one behavioral item (impulsivity).By injury severity, (i) mild (14.7%) showed no significant differences in emotional and behavioral either total‐HIBS (ii) moderate (28.7%) showed significant emotional differences in two items (frequent complaining and mood change) and (iii) severe (56.6%) showed significant differences in emotional (often disputes topics) and behavioral (impulsivity) items.ConclusionsOur results suggest specific items in which informal caregivers could be supported considering cause or severity of the recipients of care.
Application of Essential Oils of Ocimum gratissimum and Cymbopogon citratus as Bioinsecticides for the Management of Two Major Biting‐Sucking Insects (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius and Jacobiella fascialis Jacobi) and the Improvement of Seed and Fiber Quality of Cotton Plants in Ivory Coast
Authors: Kobenan Koffi Christophe , Kouakou Brou Julien , Kouakou Malanno , Kone Pitou Woklin Euloge , Sinan Ibrahime Kouadio , Zengin Gokhan , Didi Roland , Ochou Germain Elisabeth Cynthia , Bini Kouadio Kra Norbert , Menozzi Philippe , Ochou Ochou Germain , Dick Acka Emmanuel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn recent years, in all cotton production areas in Ivory Coast, whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) and jassid (Jacobiella facialis), two biting sucker insects were causing depreciation of quality of the cottonseed and fiber obtained at harvest. However, the excessive use of synthetic chemical insecticides against these pests presents a danger for the sustainability of the production system. This study aims to evaluate the insecticidal efficacy of essential oils of Ocimum gratissimum and Cymbopogon citratus on B. tabaci and J. fascialis and on the technological parameters of the cottonseed and fiber. A field experiment was conducted in which essential oils of O. gratissimum and C. citratus were applied to cotton plants every two weeks from day 45 to 115 after emergence using a backpack sprayer. The effects of these extracts were compared to those of a synthetic chemical insecticide composed of acetamiprid and alphacypermethrin known under the trade name IBIS A 52 EC (positive control). After 160 days of cultivation where entomological data were collected, the seed cotton samples were harvested, ginned and submitted for analysis. O. gratissimum essential oil at concentrations of 1 and 5 % gave to the cotton plants better protection against whiteflies and jassids. In addition to the synthetic chemical, these cotton plants received a better proportion of healthy cottonseed, fat and a fiber with very good reflectivity. The essential oil of O. gratissimum could therefore be integrated into the phytosanitary protection programs of the cotton plant.
Avoiding Pyrolysis and Calcination: Advances in the Benign Routes Leading to MOF‐Derived Electrocatalysts
Authors: Mukherjee Soumya , Hou Shujin , Watzele Sebastian A. , Garlyyev Batyr , Li Weijin , Bandarenka Aliaksandr S. , Fischer Roland A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTaking cognizance of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 7 “affordable and clean energy”, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and derived materials have spurred research interest in electrocatalysis. New findings have made headway in water splitting (oxygen evolution reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction) and other electrocatalysis, including the oxygen reduction reaction and electrochemical CO2 reduction. Thanks to their structural versatility and compositional modularity, MOFs offer bespoke design paradigms for electrocatalyst development. Albeit most advances in this area are predicated upon direct carbonization (pyrolysis) of MOFs/MOF composites, eschewing these energy‐intensive and high‐cost methods, this review summarizes all recent advances in MOF‐based electrocatalysts exclusively prepared through indirect post‐treatments.
1,2,3‐Tri(9‐anthryl)benzene: Photophysical Properties and Solid‐State Intermolecular Interactions of Radially Arranged, Congested Aromatic π‐Planes**
Authors: Nishiuchi Tomohiko , Sotome Hikaru , Shimizu Kazuto , Miyasaka Hiroshi , Kubo Takashi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe report the Negishi coupling based synthesis of 1,2,3‐tri(9‐anthryl)benzene derivatives containing three radially arranged anthracenes in a π‐cluster. In the crystalline state of the unsubstituted derivative, intermolecular π–π and CH–π interactions between the anthracene units drive the formation of the two‐dimensional packing structure. Owing to though‐space π‐conjugation between anthracene units, the substances have unique electronic properties. The excited‐state dynamic behavior occurring between the three anthracene moieties, such as exciton localization/delocalization, was elucidated by means of transient absorption measurements and quantum chemical calculations. Interestingly, even though the three anthracenes are closely oriented with approximately 3.0 Å between their C‐9 positions, exciton localization on two anthracene units is energetically favorable because of the flexible nature of the radially arranged aromatic rings.
Autonomous Processes in Particle Technology
Authors: Nirschl Hermann , Winkler Marvin , Sinn Tabea , Menesklou Philipp 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBattery materials, pharmaceuticals, solar cells, coffee powder, 3D printed components, etc., all these products have in common that they are predominantly made of particles. Ensuring high product quality with optimal raw material and energy utilization is only possible with extensive and many years of experience in the operation of such processes. This unsatisfactory situation is due to the complexity of particulate products, which still hinders extensive automation and autonomous process control. The challenge is to couple the respective basic operations with characterization devices, process dynamics and modern control algorithms to form a closed loop for process control. As a result, some day it should be possible to set the desired property profiles of particulate products with the most energy‐ and raw material‐efficient operation possible with a “push of a button”.
Pressurized Sample Infusion
Authors: Thomas Gilian T. , Donnecke Sofia , Chagunda Ian C. , McIndoe J. Scott 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPressurized sample infusion (PSI) is a simple and effective means of continuously introducing a solution to an electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) source. It allows for acquisition of real‐time data in an air‐ and moisture‐free environment and requires minimal additional infrastructure. It is applicable for use for any reaction in which one or more components are detectable by ESI‐MS and for which time‐course information is desired over a time scale of seconds to minutes. The strengths and weaknesses of the method are critically examined, and technique tips and tricks are provided to enable maximal effectiveness when employing this approach to continuous monitoring of complex reaction mixtures.
Rapid Kinetic Screening via Transient Timesweep Experiments in Continuous Flow Reactors
Authors: Van Herck Joren , Junkers Tanja 
Published: December 2021

AbstractKinetic screenings and optimization of chemical reactions are of utmost importance to develop an understanding of underlaying reaction mechanisms. From a more practical point of view, they are needed to obtain a final product under the most efficient and optimal conditions possible. Flow chemistry and reaction automation are an excellent combination to reach these aims. Exploiting features of both concepts generate a highly efficient screening method. Monitoring the reaction during the transient stabilization from flow rate A to flow rate B results in a continuous sweep through all intermediate residence times. Real‐time analysis of the timesweeps gives a full kinetic profile of the chemical transformation carried out in the flow reactor.
Hybrid camouflage pattern generation using neural style transfer method
Authors: Daneshvar Elaheh , Tehran Mohammad Amani , Zhang Yu‐Jin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractManipulating existing camouflage patterns is a challenging issue in the process of camouflage pattern design. In this article, we present an effective approach based on the neural style transfer method to generate a hybrid camouflage pattern by manipulating two given camouflage patterns. Using a convolutional network trained on image recognition, content and style are represented by the correlations between feature maps in several layers of the network. In this regard, we utilized different commonly used camouflage patterns as content and style images. Then, by performing the style transfer algorithm on selected camouflage patterns, a new hybrid camouflage pattern was generated. The hybrid pattern inherits the appearance features of the content and the style images. Also, the colors of the hybrid pattern were controlled by carefully selecting the input colors. It was concluded that the proposed method is useful for adding or deleting some features of an existing camouflage pattern. In fact, it is a professional tool for pixelating, depixelating, blurring, and gradual coloring of camouflage patterns. Furthermore, we demonstrate the effectiveness of hybrid camouflage patterns using visual assessment. The results of the subjective assessment show that the proposed method is efficient for generating successful camouflage patterns.
Scientific literacy and agency within the Chilean science curriculum: A critical discourse analysis
Authors: Guerrero Gonzalo R. , Torres‐Olave Betzabé 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper aims to analyse the concepts of scientific literacy and agency in two official documents of the Chilean science curriculum. We used Fairclough's three dimensional model as critical lenses, based on critical discourse analysis, where every discursive event can be analysed: (i) as a text, (ii) as a discursive practice and (iii) as a social practice. The research questions were: ‘How are the different visions of scientific literacy operating and being promoted within the Chilean science curriculum?’ and ‘How is student and teacher agency declared in those documents?’ By understanding the curriculum as a dialectical process, as a social event between planning, executing, and evaluating education, we evidence tensions among different visions and paradigms for both concepts (scientific literacy and agency), specifically, in the transition from one cycle to another in secondary education. The first document has a predominantly neoliberal approach to scientific literacy and the second one presents a focus on citizenship, democracy, and social justice. As a social practice, in both documents, teachers appear under the idea of curriculum implementers, to a certain extent, based on a banking model where teachers are containers to receive someone else's curriculum expertise. The preceding imbalance raises potential tensions based on teacher performance and on student agency. Specifically, students must transition from a passive role and then consider themselves as active subjects who question how to produce knowledge, understanding their role within environmental conflicts within current socio‐political structures for instance.
Fishing, predation, and temperature drive herring decline in a large marine ecosystem
Authors: Boyce Daniel G. , Petrie Brian , Frank Kenneth T. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSince 1960, landings of Atlantic herring have been the greatest of any marine species in Canada, surpassing Atlantic cod and accounting for 24% of the total seafood harvested in Atlantic Canada. The Scotian Shelf‐Bay of Fundy herring fisheries (NAFO Division 4VWX) is among Canada's oldest and drives this productivity, accounting for up to 75% of the total herring catch in some years. The stocks’ productivity and overall health have declined since 1965. Despite management measures to promote recovery implemented since 2003, biomass remains low and is declining. The factors that drive the productivity of 4VWX herring are primarily unresolved, likely impeding the effectiveness of management actions on this stock. We evaluated potential drivers of herring variability by analyzing 52 time‐series that describe the temporal and spatial evolution of the 4VWX herring population and the physical, ecological, and anthropogenic factors that could affect them using structural equation models. Variation in herring biomass was best accounted for by the exploitation rate's negative effect and the geographic distribution of fishing and recruitment. Thermal phenology and temperature adversely and egg predation positively impacted the early life stage mortality rate and, ultimately, adult biomass. These findings are broadly relevant to fisheries management, but particularly for 4VWX herring, where the current management approach does not consider their early life stage dynamics or assess them within the ecosystem or climate change contexts.