bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intersectional tension: a qualitative study of the effects of the COVID-19 response on survivors of violence against women in urban India
Authors: Huq Mita , Das Tanushree , Devakumar Delan , Daruwalla Nayreen , Osrin David 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesThere is a concern worldwide that efforts to address the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic have affected the frequency and intensity of domestic violence against women. Residents of urban informal settlements faced particularly stringent conditions during the response in India. Counsellors spoke with registered survivors of domestic violence in Mumbai, with two objectives: to understand how the pandemic and subsequent lockdown had changed their needs and experiences, and to recommend programmatic responses.DesignQualitative interviews and framework analysis.SettingA non-government support programme for survivors of violence against women, providing services mainly for residents of informal settlements.ParticipantsDuring follow-up telephone counselling with survivors of violence against women who had previously registered for support and consented to the use of information in research, counsellors took verbal consent for additional questions about the effects of COVID-19 on their daily life, their ability to speak with someone, and their counselling preferences. Responses were recorded as written notes.ResultsThe major concerns of 586 clients interviewed between April and July 2020 were meeting basic needs (financial stress, interrupted livelihoods and food insecurity), confinement in small homes (family tensions and isolation with abusers) and limited mobility (power imbalances in the home and lack of opportunity for disclosure and stress relief). A major source of stress was the increased burden of unpaid domestic care, which fell largely on women.ConclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic has increased the burden of poverty and gendered unpaid care. Finance and food security are critical considerations for future response, which should consider inequality, financial support, prioritising continued availability of services for survivors of violence and expanding access to social networks. Decision-makers must be aware of the gendered, intersectional effects of interventions and must include residents of informal settlements who are survivors of domestic violence in the planning and implementation of public health strategies.
Facilitators of and barriers to buprenorphine initiation for people with opioid use disorder in the emergency department: protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Bozinoff Nikki , Soobiah Charlene , Rodak Terri , Bucago Christine , Kingston Katie , Klaiman Michelle , Poynter Brittany , Samuels Glenna , Schoenfeld Elizabeth , Shelton Dominick , Kalocsai Csilla 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionBuprenorphine–naloxone is recommended as a first-line agent for the treatment of opioid use disorder. Although initiation of buprenorphine in the emergency department (ED) is evidence based, barriers to implementation persist. A comprehensive review and critical analysis of both facilitators of and barriers to buprenorphine initiation in ED has yet to be published. Our objectives are (1) to map the implementation of buprenorphine induction pathway literature and synthesise what we know about buprenorphine pathways in EDs and (2) to identify gaps in this literature with respect to barriers and facilitators of implementation.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a scoping review to comprehensively search the literature, map the evidence and identify gaps in knowledge. The review will adhere to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Protocols Extension for Scoping Reviews and guidance from the Joanna Briggs Institution for conduct of scoping reviews. We will search Medline, APA, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Embase and IBSS from 1995 to present and the search will be restricted to English and French language publications. Citations will be screened in Covidence by two trained reviewers. Discrepancies will be mediated by consensus. Data will be synthesised using a hybrid, inductive–deductive approach, informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research as well as critical theory to guide further interpretation.Ethics and disseminationThis review does not require ethics approval. A group of primary knowledge users, including clinicians and people with lived experience, will be involved in the dissemination of findings including publication in peer-reviewed journals. Results will inform future research, current quality improvement efforts in affiliated hospitals, and aide the creation of a more robust ED response to the escalating overdose crisis.
Cost–DALY comparison of hip replacement care in 12 Belgian hospitals
Authors: Dehanne Fabian , Gourdin Maximilien , Devleesschauwer Brecht , Bihin Benoit , Van Wilder Philippe , Mareschal Bertrand , Leclercq Pol , Pirson Magali 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundIn view of the expected increase in expenditure on hip replacement treatment in Belgium, the complication rate and potential waste reduction, as estimated by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, we are not yet in a position to assess the efficiency of hip replacement treatment in Belgian hospitals. This objective study uses a cost–disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) ratio to propose a comparison of hip replacement surgery among 12 Belgian hospitals.MethodsOur study seeks to innovate by proposing an interhospital comparison that simultaneously integrates the weighting of quality indicators and the costs of managing a patient. To this end, we associated a DALY impact with each patient safety indicator, readmission and mortality outcome. We then compared hospitals using both costs and DALYs adjusted to their case mix index. The adjusted values (costs and DALYs) were obtained by relating the observed value to the predicted value obtained from the linear regression model.ResultsWe registered a total of 246.5 DALYs for the 12 hospital institutions, the average cost (SD) of a stay being €8013 (€4304). Our model allowed us to identify hospitals with observed values higher than those predicted. Out of the 12 hospitals evaluated, 4 need to reduce costs and DALYs impacts, 6 have to improve one of the two factors and 2 appear to have good results. The costs for the worst performing hospitals can rise to over €150 000.ConclusionEvaluating the rates of patient safety indicators, associated with cost, is a prerequisite for quality and cost improvement efforts on the part of managers and practitioners. However, it appears essential to evaluate the entire care chain using a comparable unit of measurement. The hospital’s case mix index must also be considered in benchmarking to avoid drawing the wrong conclusions. In addition, other indicators, such as the patient’s perception of the actual results, should be added to our study.
Acute and chronic metabolic effects of carvedilol in high-fructose, high-fat diet–fed mice: implication of β-arrestin2 pathway
Authors: Ahmed Hoda M.S. , Mohamed Samar G. , Ibrahim Wael S. , Rezk Asmaa M. , Mahmoud Amr A.A. , Mahmoud Mona F. , Ibrahim Islam A.A.E.-H. 
Published: September 2021

We aimed to investigate the acute and chronic effects of carvedilol on insulin resistance in high-fructose, high-fat diet (HFrHFD) – fed mice and the implication of the β-arrestin2 pathway. The acute effect of carvedilol (10 mg/kg, i.p.) on glucose tolerance and hepatic lipid signaling in normal and insulin resistant mice was investigated. Then, the chronic effect of carvedilol on insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in HFrHFD-fed mice was examined. Changes in β-arrestin2 and its downstream signals in liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue were measured. This involved measuring phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and diacylglycerol (DAG) levels and protein kinase B (AKT) activity. Carvedilol acutely reduced fasting blood glucose levels in both normal and insulin resistant mice without significantly affecting the glucose tolerance. These acute effects were associated with increased hepatic PIP2 but decreased hepatic DAG levels. Chronic administration of carvedilol significantly ameliorated insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in HFrHFD-fed mice. These chronic effects were associated with increased β-arrestin2, PIP2, and AKT activity levels but decreased DAG levels in the classical insulin target tissues. In conclusion, carvedilol acutely maintains glucose homeostasis and chronically ameliorates insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in HFrHFD-fed mice. The insulin sensitizing effects of carvedilol are highly correlated with the upregulation of β-arrestin2 pathway.
Generalized Lemaítre–Tolman–Bondi spacetime under the influence of electric charge and Palatini f(R) gravity
Authors: Bhatti M. Z. , Yousaf Z. , Hussain F. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe objective of this article is to investigate the effects of electromagnetic field on the generalization of Lemaître–Tolman–Bondi (LTB) spacetime by keeping in view the Palatini f(R) gravity and dissipative dust fluid. For performing this analysis, we followed the strategy deployed by Herrera et al. (Phys Rev D 82(2):024021, 2010). We have explored the modified field equations along with kinematical quantities and mass function and constructed the evolution equations to study the dynamics of inhomogeneous universe along with Raychauduary and Ellis equations. We have developed the relation for Palatini f(R) scalar functions by splitting the Riemann curvature tensor orthogonally and associated them with metric coefficients using modified field equations. We have formulated these scalar functions for LTB and its generalized version, i.e., GLTB under the influence of charge. The properties of GLTB spacetime are consistent with those of the LTB geometry and the scalar functions found in both cases are comparable in the presence of charge and Palatini f(R) curvature terms. The symmetric properties of generalized LTB spacetime are also studied using streaming out and diffusion approximations.
Cost Effectiveness of Lung Cancer Screening With Low-Dose CT in Heavy Smokers in China
Authors: Yuan Jingmin , Sun Yan , Wang Ke , Wang Zhiyi , Li Duo , Fan Meng , Bu Xiang , Chen Mingwei , Ren Hui 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Although lung cancer screening with low-dose CT (LDCT) can reduce lung cancer mortality by 20%, without an appropriate eligibility criteria, it may result in a waste of medical resources and a degree of unnecessary damage to participants' health. This study aims to give the optimal screening strategy in China based on cost-effectiveness analysis on pros and cons of different situations. From the perspective of primary healthcare system, a Markov model was built to simulate LDCT screening of 100,000 heavy smokers (&gt;30 pack years) aged 40 in different situations. Model parameters mainly came from screening programs conducted in China and other countries, official public data, and published literature. Two indicators of primary outcome, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) and net health benefits (NHB), were compared with those of no screening. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate model uncertainties. We defined the optimal strategy as the one with both acceptable cost effectiveness and maximal NHB. Base-case analysis results showed that for all screening strategies, ICERs were less than three times of GDP per capita. As for NHB results, it showed that when the willingness to pay for screening was less than three times of GPD per capita, the largest NHB was obtained in the strategy which started screening at 50 years old and this strategy showed stable performance in univariate and probabilistic sensitivity as well.

Prevention Relevance:
LDCT screening is cost effective in heavy smokers in China, and the optimal age to start screening is suggested to be 50 years old.
Regional and Temporal Variation of Ventricular and Conduction Tissue Activity During Ventricular Fibrillation in Canines
Authors: Tan Nicholas Y. , Christopoulos Georgios , Ladas Thomas P. , Jiang Zhi , Sugrue Alan M. , Tri Jason A. , Tolkacheva Elena G. , Del-Carpio Munoz Freddy , McLeod Christopher J. , Asirvatham Samuel J. , DeSimone Christopher V. 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Rigorous study of ventricular fibrillation (VF) is not feasible in humans. The spatiotemporal characteristics of prolonged VF remain undefined, limiting our understanding of this lethal rhythm.

Methods:
VF was mapped in 4 canines. The endocardial and epicardial left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) were sequentially mapped at 0 to 15, 15 to 30, 30 to 45, and 45 to 60 minutes post-induction. Ten consecutive beats were used to determine the average cycle length and regularity index of ventricular and His-Purkinje system signals in discrete regions during each time interval.

Results:
Average VF time was 58±12 minutes. The shortest ventricular cycle length was present in the RV apical region (70±10 msec) at 0 to 15 minutes and at 15 to 30 minutes (89±31 msec) and LV apical region at 45 to 60 minutes (242±163 msec). The His-Purkinje system cycle length was the shortest at the RV outflow tract (75±3 msec) at 0 to 15 minutes, RV inflow and free wall (89±12 msec) at 15 to 30 minutes, LV apical region (83±14 msec) at 30 to 45 minutes, and inferior and inferolateral LV (145±23 msec) at 45 to 60 minutes. Regularity index was the highest in the RV inflow and free wall (78%) at 0 to 15 minutes, RV apical region (86%) at 15 to 30 minutes, LV septum and epicardial anterior RV (80%) at 30 to 45 minutes, and anterior and anterolateral LV (75%) at 45 to 60 minutes.

Conclusions:
These data suggest significant regional changes in electrical activity throughout VF in canines. A transition of fastest electrical activity from RV to LV apical regions across VF was observed. These novel insights of the temporal and spatial changes of VF merit further evaluation in diseased hearts to assess for reproducibility of findings.
Three Levs Nikolaevich: Tolstoy, Myshkin, Odoevtsev: Dostoevsky’s The Idiot in Light of Andrei Bitov’s Pushkin House
Authors: Parlin Maxwell 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Exploring the connection between Dostoevsky’s Lev Nikolaevich Myshkin, Bitov’s Lev Nikolaevich Odoevtsev, and Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy, this article interprets The Idiot through the prism of Pushkin House. The overarching claim is that Bitov’s novel and hero provide deep insight into Dostoevsky’s. Specifically, Pushkin House illuminates a dynamic left cryptic in The Idiot: how sentimental scripting (narratology) interrelates with humanism (theology), and how sentimental humanism, despite the good intentions of its practitioners, is counterproductive. In brief, sensitivity, a positive trait, unchecked by the sobering notion of sin, easily tips into sentimentality, prone to idolize the other. Idolatry of other, paradoxically, turns out to be idolatry of self. Apparently innocuous and sympathetic, sentimental scripting nevertheless contains the seeds of tragedy and tyranny, as Bitov’s novel makes explicit, linking this dynamic ultimately with Stalinism. The antidote to endless fear and manipulation of others, Pushkin House suggests, is a personal relationship with God.
The 3D Structure of Northern Hemisphere Blocking Events: Climatology, Role of Moisture, and Response to Climate Change
Authors: Nabizadeh Ebrahim , Lubis Sandro W. , Hassanzadeh Pedram 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTo better understand the dynamics and impacts of blocking events, their 3D structure needs to be further investigated. We present a comprehensive composite analysis of the 3D structure of blocks and its response to future climate change over North Pacific, North Atlantic, and Russia in summers and winters using reanalysis and two large-ensemble datasets from CESM1 and GFDLCM3. In reanalysis, over both ocean and land, the anomalous winds are equivalent-barotropic in the troposphere and stratosphere, and temperature anomalies are positive throughout the troposphere and negative in the lower stratosphere. The main seasonal and regional differences are that blocks are larger/stronger in winters; over oceans, the temperature anomaly is shifted westward due to latent heating. Analyzing the temperature tendency equation shows that in all three sectors, adiabatic warming due to subsidence is the main driver of the positive temperature anomaly; however, depending on season and region, meridional thermal advection and latent heating might have leading-order contributions too. Both GCMs are found to reproduce the climatological 3D structure remarkably well, but sometimes disagree on future changes. Overall, the future summertime response is weakening of all fields (except for specific humidity), although the impact on near-surface temperature is not necessarily weakened; e.g., the blocking-driven near-surface warming over Russia intensifies. The wintertime response is strengthening of all fields, except for temperature in some cases. Responses of geopotential height and temperature are shifted westward in winters, most likely due to latent heating. Results highlight the importance of process-level analyses of blocks’ 3D structure for improved understanding of the resulting temperature extremes and their future changes.
Headache in progressive facial hemiatrophy (Parry-Romberg syndrome): A paradigmatic case and systematic review of the literature
Authors: Foiadelli Thomas , Rossi Alessandra , Trabatti Chiara , Spreafico Eugenia , Santi Viola , Orsini Alessandro , Verrotti Alberto , Savasta Salvatore 
Published: September 2021

Background Parry-Romberg syndrome is a neuro-cutaneous disease characterized by progressive hemifacial atrophy. Although common, headache in this population is scarcely reported in the literature. Objective To evaluate the clinical features of headache in pediatric and adult patients with Parry-Romberg syndrome, and to discuss diagnostic and treatment approaches of headache in Parry-Romberg syndrome. Methods We conducted a systematic review in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. We searched the MEDLINE database to identify eligible studies and identified patients with Parry-Romberg syndrome and headache. We further reported a paradigmatic case with a complex headache disorder and described its management and outcome. Results We identified 74 articles, 41 of which were included in the analysis. A total of 52 patients (55.8% female) were included for data analysis. The main age at onset of headache was 20 years (SD 15.2; range 3–56). A diagnosis of migraine was made in 53.9%. Abnormal brain imaging was found in 82.2% of patients. Conclusion Long-term follow-up of patients is required, because headache may develop (and evolve) at any time over the course of the disease. Primary and secondary headaches often co-occur in patients with Parry-Romberg syndrome. Further research into the underlying etiopathogenesis and therapeutic targets would be recommended.
Measuring Substance-Related Disorders Using Canadian Administrative Health Databanks: Interprovincial Comparisons of Recorded Diagnostic Rates, Incidence Proportions and Mortality Rate Ratios
Authors: Huỳnh Christophe , Kisely Steve , Rochette Louis , Pelletier Éric , Morrison Kenneth B. , Li Shelley , Hopkin Gareth , Smith Mark , Burchill Charles , Lin Elizabeth , Asbridge Mark , Jutras-Aswad Didier , Lesage Alain 
Published: September 2021

Context Assessing temporal changes in the recorded diagnostic rates, incidence proportions, and health outcomes of substance-related disorders (SRD) can inform public health policymakers in reducing harms associated with alcohol and other drugs. Objective To report the annual and cumulative recorded diagnostic rates and incidence proportions of SRD, as well as mortality rate ratios (MRRs) by cause of death among this group in Canada, according to their province of residence. Methods Analyses were performed on linked administrative health databases (AHD; physician claims, hospitalizations, and vital statistics) in five Canadian provinces (Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario, Québec, and Nova Scotia). Canadians 12 years and older and registered for their provincial healthcare coverage were included. The International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9 or ICD-10 codes) was used for case identification of SRD from April 2001 to March 2018. Results During the study period, the annual recorded SRD diagnostic rates increased in Alberta (2001–2002: 8.0‰; 2017–2018: 12.8‰), Ontario (2001–2002: 11.5‰; 2017–2018: 14.4‰), and Nova Scotia (2001–2002: 6.4‰; 2017–2018: 12.7‰), but remained stable in Manitoba (2001–2002: 5.5‰; 2017–2018: 5.4‰) and Québec (2001–2002 and 2017–2018: 7.5‰). Cumulative recorded SRD diagnostic rates increased steadily for all provinces. Recorded incidence proportions increased significantly in Alberta (2001–2002: 4.5‰; 2017–2018: 5.0‰) and Nova Scotia (2001–2002: 3.3‰; 2017–2018: 3.8‰), but significantly decreased in Ontario (2001–2002: 6.2‰; 2017–2018: 4.7‰), Québec (2001–2002: 4.1‰; 2017–2018: 3.2‰) and Manitoba (2001–2002: 2.7‰; 2017–2018: 2.0‰). For almost all causes of death, a higher MRR was found among individuals with recorded SRD than in the general population. The causes of death in 2015–2016 with the highest MRR for SRD individuals were SRD, suicide, and non-suicide trauma in Alberta, Ontario, Manitoba, and Québec. Discussion Linked AHD covering almost the entire population can be useful to monitor the medical service trends of SRD and, therefore, guide health services planning in Canadian provinces.
Comparative study of flexural and physical properties of graphite-filled immiscible polypropylene/epoxy and high-density polyethylene/epoxy blends
Authors: Alo Oluwaseun Ayotunde , Otunniyi Iyiola Olatunji 
Published: September 2021

Polypropylene/epoxy/synthetic graphite (PP/EP/SG) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE/EP/SG) composites were prepared by melt mixing followed by compression molding. The immiscibility of the polyolefins with epoxy was confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies showed that HDPE/EP blend exhibits inferior interfacial adhesion between the component polymers compared to PP/EP blend. Also, the effect of SG content on flexural properties, density, moldability, water absorption, and porosity of the PP/EP/SG and HDPE/EP/SG composites was investigated. For both PP/EP/SG and HDPE/EP/SG composites, flexural modulus, density, and porosity increased with increase in SG content. For PP/EP/SG composites, the water absorption decreased from 0.154% at 30 wt% SG to 0.072% at 70 wt% SG. Further increase in SG content to 80 wt% caused an increase in water absorption. On the other hand, water absorption for HDPE/EP/SG increased with SG content all through. At the same filler loadings, PP/EP/SG composites showed lower density and porosity and performed better in terms of flexural modulus and water absorption compared to HDPE/EP/SG composites.