bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimizing soft tube defect level using six sigma method at PT Era Variasi Intertika
Authors: Simamora B H , Pramesti C 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to examine the level of sigma that has been achieved in the production of soft tube product, determine factors caused the defect of soft tube production, provide suggestions for improvements to reduce defective products, and estimate the sigma level that will be achieved by PT Era Variasi Intertika in implementing the suggestions. The research method used was mix of qualitative and quantitative methods. The data analysis method used is Six Sigma Method using DMAIC (Define – Measure – Analyze – Improve – Control) steps. From data analysis, the sigma level achieved by the company is 3.52. The main factors causing defects of soft tube production in PT Era Variasi Intertika are problem of blanket printing, unclean production area, temperature of sealing machine which is not high enough, broken molding part in printing machine, careless employee, and machine error. The estimated sigma level that will be achieved by company when applying suggestions of improvement is 4.37. The defect will be reduced by 23.41%. Furthermore, doing these suggestions will decrease the risk of defect products that consumers will receive so the customer satisfaction will also increase.
Corporate branding in banking environment: Evidence from acquisition process
Authors: Fahlevi M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Banking service companies today have become the needs of modern society, from those who live and live in big cities to small villages. This research was conducted to find out how the image of PT Bank Danamon Indonesia during the acquisition process was reluctant to Bank DBS Singapore. In this study, the approach used is quantitative research, this research used the Leedy formula 100 samples. The population in this study were all active individual customers of Bank Danamon in Sunter and Kelapa Gading, North Jakarta. The results of this study, the withdrawn dimension that has the greatest effect on corporate branding, each indicator from each dimension is in the position of moderate to high value. This proves that during the acquisition process Bank Danamon continued to have a positive branding.
A Review on the Reliability, Performance and Utilization of Nigerian Petrochemical Industry
Authors: Mamudu O. A. , Ishola F. A. , Akande O. , Elehinafe F. , Okocha D. S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Nigeria established three petrochemical plants in Warri, Kaduna, and Eleme respectively, between the year 1988 and 1995. They were designed to produce feedstocks for the country’s plastics, rubber and detergent industries. The poor performance of the three state-owned plants and the unsuccessful outcomes of other proposed petrochemical plans discouraged the government from establishing new ones. This situation led to both losses in revenue and low capacity utilization. The Eleme petrochemical complex was later sold to Indorama, a private concern, which surprisingly turned around the fortunes of the plant within three years. This paper gives an in-depth insight into the present condition of the Nigeria petrochemical sector and examines the causes of the suboptimal performance of the state-owned petrochemical companies based on previous reviews. Finally, the cause and effect tool (Ishikawa or Fishbone diagram) summed up all highlighted factors under the seven M’s (Material, Method, Measurement, Manpower, Management, Machine and Mother Nature) umbrella.
Material Selection for the Production of Roof Tiles using Digital Logic Method
Authors: Akinwande A. A. , Adediran A. A. , Balogun O. A. , Adetula Y. V. , Olayanju T. M. A. , Agboola O.O. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Roof tiles are important for roofing in housing construction. Different roof tiles are made of fired ceramics and concrete, polymer composite and metals. In this study, digital logic method (DLM) was employed in analyzing properties obtained for samples tested, with the view of optimizing, towards selecting most suitable material for roof tiles production. Five materials were considered for selection in the production of roof tiles, each sample containing granite dust (GD); FB-30 (30% by weight GD, 70% by weight clay), CT-35 (10% by weight cement, 35% by weight GD and 55% by weight fine sand), CCT-30 (10% by weight cement, 30% by weight GD, 20% by weight fine sand, 40% by weight clay), POL-02 (2% by weight GD, 98 % by weight high density polypropylene) and AL-08 (8% by weight GD, 92% by weight Aluminum alloy-AL 6061) samples. Properties evaluated for material selection are flexural, compressive and tensile strengths, bulk density, thermal conductivity, wear resistance, and water absorption. DLM involved ranking of samples based on values obtained for figure of merit (FOM). FOM values for FB-30, CT-35, CCT-40, POL-02, and AL-08 was 3.68, 3.83, 3.55, 14.43, and 2.42 respectively. Thus, optimum material for roof tiles was POL-02 based on its highest value of 14.43 and presented as a durable and sustainable roof tiles material..
Improvement on Window Glassing for an Enhanced Indoor Thermal Environment of Tropical Office Buildings
Authors: Adegbie M.O. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The intense solar radiation absorbed through the window glassing and transmitted into the indoor environment constitute thermal discomfort and increased cooling energy demand for buildings in the tropical climatic zone. This is because tropical climates are generally characterised by hot thermal distress almost all the year round. The need for improvement on window glassing of office buildings arise as a result of the global consensus on reducing energy demand of building sector. In office buildings, higher level of thermal and visual comfort is required for productive work performance within the indoor environment. This place office buildings in a position to enhance the realisation of a sustainable environment in the tropical climatic zone. This paper focus on effect of two types of window glassing on indoor air temperature and achieving improvement on single pane ordinary clear glassing window through the use of low-solar gain low-emissivity windows of two existing office buildings in the warm-humid zone of the tropical climate of Nigeria. An experimental investigation was scheduled during rainy and dry seasons of the year to collect outdoor and indoor microclimatic data of air temperatures in the west-facing natural ventilated office spaces within the existing office buildings through the use of Tiny Tag Ultra 2 Dual Channel Temperature/Relative Humidity (TGU-4500) Data loggers. Data collected were sorted and analysed through descriptive statistics. Improvement on single glassing window of existing office building was obtained through calculation of heat gain characteristics and comparison with that of low-solar gain low-emissivity glass window heat gain characteristics. Results showed that single pane ordinary clear glassing window exhibits higher indoor temperatures in the monitored office space. 89.54% improvement was recorded by using low-solar gain low-emissivity glass window over single pane clear glass window in the investigated office buildings. The study therefore recommends the use of low-solar gain glass low-emissivity window in office buildings within the warm-humid zone of tropical climate of Nigeria.
Modelling and simulation of a Single Cyclone for Optimal Efficiency for a Batch-Type Fixed-Bed Down-Draft Gasifier using CFD
Authors: Aliyu S. J. , Kucha E. L. , Ibrahim S. J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Modelling and optimization have long been established as a means of achieving efficiency in energy systems also in sustaining the environment. In Nigeria, where environmental pollution have become a challenge, the problem of pollution and safety has become a global concern whereby sustainable power generation systems with zero greenhouse emission will serve as a better way of sustaining the environment. Simulation been a basic similitude tool to real life engineering design enable the engineers to understand the interactive flow process within an operating systems, postulating operation results, designing process systems or optimizing the operating system with optimum accuracy. This tool enables an engineer to establish the geometrical parameters for the actual design of the system. Cyclones, which are widely used as air pollution abatement equipment, are used in processing industries for removal of particulate matter (PM). A 1D2D centrifugal fan power driven cyclone is attached to a batch-type fixed-bed downdraft gasifier was modelled and simulated to determine the behaviour of the gasification products and the optimal efficiency of the cyclone. Applying mathematical modeling and CFD tools to understand the effect of the gas stream on the cyclone performance and a new optimized cyclone geometrical ratios based on the mathematical model was attained. Establishing the cyclone modelling was done by applying the heat content simulation tool (MATLAB-Software package) and using the response surface methodology (RSM) approach. The geometrical parameters in cyclone separators significantly affected the flow field and performance parameters. Analysis of the experimental design informed the researcher on the relationship between the effects of inlet dimensions and the vortex finder diameter on the performance of the cyclone. The cyclone design and simulation of the cyclone has shown that it can effectively remove solid particles from a gas stream (syn-gas). The calculation shows that collection efficiency for particle size of 13.18 μ m is obtained for the cyclone separator assuming all the particles leaving the cyclone is at that size. The designed simulated cyclone show that the new design when compared with the Stairmand design have a better performance over the later.
Influence of direct current (DC) on mild steel coating stainless steel rods via TIG welding: A model for the rehabilitation of steel components
Authors: Muigai M.N. , Mwema F.M. , Akinlabi E.T. , Obiko J.O. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the influence of varying DC current on microstructures of mild steel substrates coated with stainless steel using TIG welding technique was investigated. To achieve the desired results, mild steel substrates of sizes 40 mm × 10 mm × 1.5 mm were used. The mild steel substrates were ground using Silicon Carbide (SiC) papers to achieve smooth surfaces and to remove oxides that might be present on their surfaces. Then the substrates were coated using stainless-steel rods on TIG 2200i AC/DC machine as a welding power source. The process was undertaken under six varying currents of 40 A, 50 A, 55 A, 60 A, 65 A and 70 A. For purpose of characterization, microstructures of the coated samples were studied using optical microscopy and quantitative image analyses. The depth of penetration of the melt pool below the substrates and the coating thickness were measured for all the samples. Based on the optical microscopy, four zones were identified on the TIG coated samples; the heat-affected zone (HAZ), fusion, coating and a skirt (the region that formed between the substrates and the coatings). Minute porosities were also observed in the coated samples. It was observed that the maximum coating thickness was 5.345 mm and the highest average coating thickness was 3.522 mm, which both occurred at 40 A. The maximum length of penetration was 3.864 mm and was observed when 60 A DC was used. Similarly, the highest average depth of penetration was 2.422 mm and occurred at 65 A. The results of this study showed that for direct current, as the current increased from 40 A to 50 A, the porosities in the coated samples increased. However, at 55 A, the number of porosities decreased, but continued to increase from 60 A to 65 A, but the porosities decreased again at 70 A.
Synthesis, Characterization and Performance Evaluation of Pure Silica MCM-41 for Effective Removal of Dibenzothiophene from Petroleum Distillate
Authors: Sadare O. O. , Masitha I. M. , Daramola M.O. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The presence of sulfur-containing compound (e.g. Dibenzothiophene, DBT) in petroleum distillates such as diesel is of great concern due to the environmental problems it poses on the environment. In this study, synthesis and performance evaluation of MCM-41 adsorbent for enhanced removal of DBT from petroleum distillates in batch adsorption mode is reported. MCM-41, employed in this study for adsorptive desulphurization, was successfully synthesized with Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (C19H42BrN) and fumed silica (SiO2). The gel was stirred for 30 min at room temperature and allowed to age at varied durations ( 24 h, 48 h & 72 h) before hydrothermal synthesis and then calcined at 550 C. Different analytical techniques were used to characterize the synthesized adsorbents, such as; Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) to check the surface nature, N2 physi-sorption at 77 K to examine the textural property; Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) equipped with Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) to check the surface morphology/elemental composition; and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to check the crystallinity of the adsorbent. The adsorptive desulphurization experiments were carried out using a model diesel prepared by dissolving 0.1 g of dibenzothiophene in 100 mL of hexane. The desulfurized model diesel was analyzed using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometer (GC/MS). The adsorption performance of each adsorbent was evaluated in a batch mode. The results showed that, aging time has significant impact on the crystallinity and textural properties of MCM-41. The results show that crystallinity increased with decreasing aging period with smaller surface area as compared to adsorbent whose gel was aged for more hours. Furthermore, the textural properties seem to improve as the aging time increased. MCM-41, whose gel was aged for 72 h showed the highest adsorption capacity of 36.2 mg/g with highest DBT removal of 96.5 %. The information and results presented in this study could therefore provide a platform for further studies in this field.
The Role of Height Perception in Administrative Building Façade Visual Sustainability
Authors: Obaleye O. J. , Ezema I. C. , Adeboye A. B. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
One of the defining characteristics of modern structural engineering feat is height. Tall buildings have been continually listed to be aesthetically pleasing with great impact in defining the immediate built environment. The affirmation of this statement was tested on university administrative building facades to identify the relationship between building height as an aesthetic perception for visual sustainability. In testing the validity of building height in aesthetic preference for future application in architectural designing, ten administrative buildings were selected from southwest Nigerian universities through the stratified random sampling technique. Quantitative data were obtained from 577 respondents, which comprised of staff and students from the ten selected universities through a close-ended structured questionnaire. Selected building façade photographs were also attached to elicit a response from respondents. The study involved identification of height as an important building façade element and also examining respondents’ perception of building façade height for visual sustainability. Data analysis was done using frequencies, percentages, mean ranking, and factor analysis. Building façade height was ranked third in terms of importance for visual sustainability, while buildings above four floors were observed to be most preferred by respondents. The findings of this study imply the need for planners and designers to ensure distinguishing the university administrative building as the tallest in relation to other campus building facades. This affirms the importance of height in the visual sustainability of this building typology and overall campus outlook.
Polypropylene waste-derived carbon nanotubes (CNTs) via single-stage CVD technique: Determination of crystallinity
Authors: Modekwe H. U. , Mamo M. , Moothi K. , Daramola M.O. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Basic structural information and carbonic composition of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are necessary in quantifying their purity and possible applications. Utilizing plastic-derived carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in different fields is sometimes limited due to the presence and effect of large amount of amorphous carbon and metals residues arising from the catalyst during their synthesis. These materials result in defects in CNTs which are detrimental to the mechanical strength and electrical conductivity of the obtained CNTs. As a follow-up on a recent study, evaluation of crystallinity of CNTs obtained from waste polypropylene (PP) using a single stage chemical vapour deposition (CVD) technique over NiMo/MgO catalysts, prepared by different methods (sol-gel and incipient wet impregnation methods), via X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis is reported in this study. The obtained crystallinity was compared to that of commercially available CNTs. It was observed that CNTs obtained over sol-gel prepared catalyst displayed almost similar fingerprint crystallinity to that of the commercially obtained CNTs.
An Overview of Sputtering Hydroxyapatite for BiomedicalApplication
Authors: Oladijo SS , Akinlabi ET , Mwema FM , Stamboulis Artemis 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Materials such as biocompatible metals, ceramics, composites, and polymers are used in the fabrication of biomedical implants which are used in the human body especially for the replacement of hard tissues. However, they degrade with time since they are subjected to different mechanical conditions and long-term exposure to fluids corrosion. Therefore, to curb these limitations, the surface properties are usually coated with thin metallic and nonmetallic materials. One such nonmetal is Hydroxyapatite (HA) coating which has the potential of mitigating these shortcomings and it is a biocompatible and bioactive material. This paper provides an overview of the existing literature on the sputtering of hydroxyapatite coating for biomedical applications with emphasis on the deposition conditions and parameters.
Data on the effect of Ibuprofen drug derivative on 430T1 stainless steel in acid solutions
Authors: Sanni O. , Fayomi O.S.I. , Popoola A.P.I. , Agboola O. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The anti-corrosion performance of Ibuprofen (IP) on 430T1 stainless steel samples exposed to 0.5 M H2SO4 solutions was evaluated employing electrochemical techniques. The results obtained validated the inhibitive performance of this compound, and the compound efficiency increased with increasing its concentration. The compound enhances the stainless steel passivation with an increased repression rate of the critical current. The inhibited samples show the lowest corrosion rate and high inhibition efficiency in comparison to the uninhibited samples. Tafel curves suggested that the IP mitigate both the cathodic and anodic reactions simultaneously. The adsorption of Ibuprofen was found to obey Freundlich’s adsorption isotherm. It is concluded that IP improved the stainless steel corrosion protection considerably.
Experimental and Analytical study on the elastic properties of HDPE/SWCNT nanocomposites
Authors: Tebeta R.T. , Ahmed N.A. , Fattahi A.M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The development of new materials which possesses specific properties for explicit engineering applications has proven to be a key issue in modern researches and manufacturing industries. This is influenced by the necessity of novel and advanced materials in the aerospace, automotive, biomedical and other industries. One possible solution for progressive material development is a combination of two or more materials of different properties which results with a composite material of improved properties compared to the constituent materials. If one face of materials in a composite material is at the nanoscale the subsequent material is said to be nanocomposite. In this work, High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) was reinforced with Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs) nanoparticles at different weight fractions to result with HDPE/SWCNTs nanocomposites. The produced HDPE/SWCNTs nanocomposites were processed according to injection and compression mouldings. The experimental approach was then used to investigate the effect of the two processing approaches and the consequences of adding SWCNTs nanoparticles weight fraction on the elastic properties of the HDPE matrix. The results showed that addition of SWCNTs improves the elastic properties of HDPE/SWCNTs nanocomposites in both processing techniques. Furthermore, injection moulding proved to be better processing method of enhancing the elastic properties of the nanocomposites compared to compression moulding. Finally, three analytical models were used for validation and it was found that the approximation model and model of Pan gives acceptable predictions linking to the experimental results compare to the rule of mixture model.
Heat Treatments of Ti6Al4V Alloys for Industrial Applications: An Overview
Authors: Omoniyi P.O. , Akinlabi E. T. , Mahamood R. M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Heat treatment is a fundamental metallurgical process aimed at achieving desired mechanical properties. This article aims at analysing the impact of annealing process of heat treatment with the solution heat treatment and ageing of Ti6Al4V alloy on the mechanical properties such as microstructure, fracture toughness, tensile strength and hardness of titanium alloy under each heat-treating process. Heat treatment processes aids in creating a sustainable manufacturing process for industries.
An overview of factors affecting the rate of generation and Physical Composition of Municipal Solid Waste
Authors: Adeleke O.A. , Akinlabi S.A. , Jen T. C , Dunmade I. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
An efficient waste management strategy requires a detailed waste characterization, quantification and prediction of the rate of generation and physical components of waste, which is also an index of the recoverable energy. A comprehensive data of waste generation and composition creates awareness for the concerned policy makers and organization responsible for waste management. The objective of studies on estimation of waste generation and physical content is to provide baseline data for effective waste management planning. Several factors account for the variation in the rate of generation and the physical content of waste generated at different places. This study aims at identifying and analyzing some of these factors. The review reveals that waste generation and composition follows different patterns in different places at different locations at different times and season. A major factor that influences the rate of generated waste per year and the percentage composition of each physical waste stream is the socio-economic level. Moreover, the organic stream of the waste depends largely on the income level. High content of organic waste is identified in the low-income region, this paper, therefore, recommends the setting up of treatment facilities for organic waste at the organic-rich region.