bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experience and awareness of research integrity among Japanese physicians: a nationwide cross-sectional study
Authors: Nishimura Rie , Takeuchi Jiro , Sakuma Mio , Uchida Kazutaka , Higaonna Miki , Kinjo Norito , Sakakibara Fumihiro , Nakamura Tsukasa , Kosaka Shinji , Yoshimura Shinichi , Ueda Shinichiro , Morimoto Takeshi 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesTo explore the awareness and practice of clinical research integrity among Japanese physicians.DesignA nationwide cross-sectional study conducted in March 2020.SettingAll hospitals in Japan.ParticipantsPhysicians aged <65 years who work at hospitals participated in clinical research over the past 5 years. The sample was stratified according to geographical location and subspecialty, and 1100 physicians were proportionally selected.Primary and secondary outcome measuresKnowledge and awareness of research integrity.ResultsAmong the 1100 participants, 587 (53%) had the experience of being the first author, 299 (27%) had been co-authors only and 214 (19%) had no authorship. A total of 1021 (93%) had experienced learning research integrity, and 555 (54%) became aware of research integrity. The experience of learning about research integrity was highest among those with first authorship (95%) and lowest among those without authorship (89%) (p=0.003). The majority of participants learnt about research integrity for passive reasons such as it being ‘required by the institution’ (57%) or it being ‘required to obtain approval of institutional review board (IRB)’ (30%). Potentially inappropriate research behaviours were observed in participants, with 11% indulging in copying and pasting for writing the paper, 11% for gifted authorship and 5.8% for the omission of IRB approval. Factors significantly associated with copying and pasting were being below 40 years old (OR: 1.84; 95% CI: 1.05 to 3.26), being the first presenter (OR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.05 to 2.57) or having passive reasons for learning research integrity (OR: 2.96; 95% CI: 1.57 to 5.59). Furthermore, gifted authorship was significantly associated with being a co-author only (OR: 1.84; 95% CI: 1.18 to 2.87) and having passive reasons for learning about research integrity (OR: 1.79; 95% CI: 1.03 to 3.12).ConclusionsMost physicians conducting clinical research have learnt about research integrity, but potentially inappropriate research behaviours are associated with passive reasons for learning.
Eliminating hepatitis C on the Balearic Islands, Spain: a protocol for an intervention study to test and link people who use drugs to treatment and care
Authors: Lazarus Jeffrey V , Herranz Andrea , Picchio Camila A , Villota-Rivas Marcela , Rodríguez Antonia , Alonso Juan Manuel , Moratinos Albert , Perrotta Antonella , Tegeo Elisabet , Bibiloni Francisca , Buti Maria , Vilella Àngels 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionThe hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a highly infectious and deadly disease, affecting some 58 million people worldwide. Of the 1.13 million people living in the Balearic Islands, Spain, about 1350 individuals have untreated HCV. Of these, about 1120 (83%) are estimated to be people who use drugs (PWUD), who are one of the key at-risk groups for HCV infection globally. Carrying out micro-elimination approaches focused on this population is crucial to achieve the WHO goal of eliminating HCV by 2030. Thus, the primary objective of this study is to validate a model of care that simplifies the screening and linkage to HCV care pathways for PWUD on the Balearic Islands.Methods and analysisThis intervention study will be implemented across 17 sites, in 4 different settings: addiction service centres (n=12), non-governmental organisation centres (n=3), a mobile methadone unit and a prison, with an estimated 3725 participants. Together with the healthcare staff at each centre, the intervention protocols will be adapted, focusing on four phases: recruitment and testing; linkage to care; treatment for those who test positive; and monitoring of sustained virological response 12 weeks after treatment and reinfection. The primary outcomes will be the number of tested and treated individuals and the secondary outcomes will include individuals lost at each step in the cascade of care. Descriptive analysis and multivariable logistic regression of the data will be undertaken.Ethics and disseminationThe Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Spain, Ethics Committee approved this study on 18 February 2021 (HCB/2020/2018). Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and social media. The results of this study could provide a model for targeting PWUD for HCV testing and treatment in the rest of Spain and in other settings, helping to achieve the WHO HCV elimination goal.
Telephone triage of young adults with chest pain: population analysis of NHS24 calls in Scottish unscheduled care
Authors: Hodgins Peter , McMinn Megan , Reed Matthew James , Mercer Stewart William , Guthrie Bruce 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundTelephone triage is increasingly used to manage unscheduled care demand. Younger adults are frequent users, and commonly call with chest pain. We compared pathways of care in younger adults calling with chest pain, and associations of patient characteristics and telephone triage recommendation with hospital admission.MethodsA retrospective study of all triage calls with chest pain to NHS24 advice line by people aged 15–34 years between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2017 where chest pain was recorded as the call reason. Recommended outcome and subsequent use of services were determined using the continuous urgent care pathways (CUPs) database which records single episodes of care spanning multiple services. We determined the number of services involved, the proportion of patients with inpatient admission, those with an admission for an ‘acute-and-serious’ diagnosis, and the association between the triage call recommendation and these outcomes.ResultsThere were 102 822 CUPs identified, with 1251 different combinations of services. The most common pathway was an NHS24 call then attendance at a primary care out-of-hours (PCOOH) centre, accounting for 38 643 (37.6%) CUPs. 9060 (8.8%) CUPs ended with hospital admission, 3030 (3.0%) the result of an ‘acute-and-serious’ diagnosis. 8453 (8.2%) were given ‘self-care’ advice and not referred further, while 46.9% ended at PCOOH and 15.2% at ED. ‘Asthma, unspecified’ was the most frequent ‘acute-and-serious’ diagnosis. Compared with people given self-care advice, referral to other services had increased odds of inpatient admission (adjusted OR (aOR) for ambulance called 28.7, 95% CI 22.6 to 36.3; for 1-hour in-home general practitioner (GP) visit arranged aOR 36.8, 95% CI 23.2 to 58.5) and for admission with an ‘acute-and-serious’ diagnosis (aOR ambulance called 23.9, 95% CI 16.2 to 35.4; aOR 1-hour GP visit 48.3, 95% CI 25.5 to 91.6).ConclusionChest pain triage by NHS24 appears safe, but care pathways can involve multiple service contacts. While acuity assigned to the call is strongly related to the odds of hospital admission and odds of an ‘acute-and-serious’ diagnosis, ‘overtriage’ means few patients are directed to self-care advice.
A Review of Three Years Experience of Medical Advice to Seafarers by the Casualty Officer, Royal Naval Hospital Plymouth, via Portishead Radio (W/T Medico Portishead)
Authors: Brayley N. F. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSince August 1975 successive Casualty Officers at the Royal Naval Hospital, Plymouth, have been dealing with medical problems in the Mercantile Marine at sea by telegram and radio-telephone through Portishead radio. Analysis of the medical problems for which Masters have sought advice, the range of drugs prescribed, the medical skills expected of lay seafarers and the problems involved in communicating medical data are reviewed. Diet associated factors such as alcohol and obesity appeared to have a significant aetiological role in many of the diseases reported.
Osteitis pubis as a mimic of prostatic pain
Authors: Jenkins I. L. , Crean D. M. , Buck A. C. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryThirty-five patients with pain suggesting a prostatic origin but with no evidence of active prostatic inflammation presented between 1979 and 1982, and were diagnosed as having osteitis pubis.The clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of osteitis pubis are presented together with the results of treatment.
Testicular tumours—a 15 year study
Authors: Jenkins I. L. , Walker A. J. 
Published: October 2021

SummarySixty-two patients with testicular tumour were managed in the Royal Naval Hospital HASLAR in the 15 year period 1971–1985. Fifty-seven had adult malignant primary tumours and are presented.Fifty cases are available for survival analysis. No patient with seminoma is dead. Two patients with non-seminomata and two with combined tumours, all servicemen, are dead (8%) and 46 patients (92%) survive 6–175 months after presentation.The relevance of the condition to the Service is emphasised and the results of treatment are analysed with particular regard to early return to high-category medical fitness for continued service.
Youth-appealing features in popular e-cigarette brand advertising in the USA after heightened scrutiny in 2018
Authors: Liu Jessica , Vázquez-Otero Coralia , Berman Micah L , Stevens Elise M 
Published: October 2021

PurposeYouth electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use remains high in the USA, and advertising is a contributor. The purpose of this study was to identify themes and characteristics of popular e-cigarette companies’ advertising after e-cigarette companies became more highly scrutinised in 2018.MethodsUsing a systematic, quantitative content analysis, three trained coders coded e-cigarette advertisements from JUUL, Puff Bar, Vuse and Blu from 2019 and 2020. Based on previous work, they coded for: type of advertisement, flavours, promotions, product cues, descriptors, claims, imagery, youth-oriented themes and sensational appeals.ResultsOf the 401 e-cigarette advertisements, the majority were emails (38.2%) and Instagram posts (30.9%). Over half (53.6%) showed flavours other than tobacco, with Puff Bar leading the brands (70.2%; p<0.001). The most frequently used product cues were showing the product (51.4%) or packaging (42.4%). The most common claim was being an alternative to smoking (14.2%). The most frequently used imagery was fruit (14.0%), employed most by Puff Bar (p<0.001). The only youth-oriented theme present was humour (4.2%). Positive sensations (eg, good taste, good smell or satisfying; 17.1%) was the most common form of appeal, with Puff Bar using it at the highest frequency (p<0.001).ConclusionEven with heightened scrutiny of e-cigarette brands, advertisements still included youth-appealing content such as flavours, fruit imagery and positive sensations. Puff Bar led in all these categories, and it rapidly gained market share after market leader JUUL limited the sales of its flavoured products. Research should continue to monitor the characteristics of e-cigarette advertisements and consider their impact on youth.
Quantum interference in external gravitational fields beyond General Relativity
Authors: Buoninfante Luca , Lambiase Gaetano , Petruzziello Luciano 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we study the phenomenon of quantum interference in the presence of external gravitational fields described by alternative theories of gravity. We analyze both non-relativistic and relativistic effects induced by the underlying curved background on a superposed quantum system. In the non-relativistic regime, it is possible to come across a gravitational counterpart of the Bohm–Aharonov effect, which results in a phase shift proportional to the derivative of the modified Newtonian potential. On the other hand, beyond the Newtonian approximation, the relativistic nature of gravity plays a crucial rôle. Indeed, the existence of a gravitational time dilation between the two arms of the interferometer causes a loss of coherence that is in principle observable in quantum interference patterns. We work in the context of generalized quadratic theories of gravity to compare their physical predictions with the analogous outcomes in general relativity. In so doing, we show that the decoherence rate strongly depends on the gravitational model under investigation, which means that this approach turns out to be a promising test bench to probe and discriminate among all the extensions of Einstein’s theory in future experiments.
Impact of HSP90α, CEA, NSE, SCC, and CYFRA21-1 on Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Zhou Wenwen , Yang Yanhong , Wang Zhenzhen , Liu Yan , Lari Najafi Moslem 
Published: October 2021

Lung cancer is a lethal disease, and early diagnosis with the aid of biomarkers such as HSP90α protein can certainly assist the doctors to start treatment of patient at the earliest and can save their lives. To analyse the diagnostic value of HSP90α expression in lung cancer patients by collecting data of patients through IoT devices to avoid delay in treatments, a study has been presented in this paper where the significance of HSP90α biomarker is highlighted in early diagnosis of patients suffering from lung cancer. The second objective of the research study is to examine the correlation between the appearance level of HSP90α biomarker and the clinicopathological features of lung cancer. It is also evaluated whether the changes in HSP90α index are indicative or noteworthy before and after surgery of lung cancer patients. An observatory study of 78 patients with lung cancer in Qinhuangdao Hospital is presented in this paper where the samples were collected from June 2018 to March 2020. Their data were collected through IoT devices used in the latest healthcare facilities of the hospital. The ELISA method was utilized to identify the level of plasma HSP90 and to analyse HSP90 levels between the lung cancer group and healthy group of people. The relationship between HSP90 and the clinical pathological features of 78 patients suffering from lung cancer was analysed. An electrochemical luminescence method was used to detect CEA, NSE, SCC, and CYFRA21-1 levels. ROC curve and box plots were used to determine the analytic value of HSP90 and other biomarkers used in lung cancer diagnosis. Forty-two patients with moderate to early stage lung cancer with surgical correction were selected, and paired sample T test was used to analyse HSP90 levels before and after surgery. The plasma HSP90 level of lung cancer patients was quite higher as compared to the group of healthy people as per the values depicted in the research study. Second, HSP90 levels are substantially higher in pathologic type, differentiation degree, stage, and the existence of the lung, liver, and bone metastases (

P

< 0.05). The level of HSP90 expression was largely impacted by a few factors such as sex, age, smoking, and tumour location (

P

> 0.05). The ROC value for HSP90 was 0.599, while the area under the curve of HSP90 combined with other four tumour markers was 0.915 in the presented case study, indicating the presence of lung cancer. Patients with lung cancer had statistically significant differences in HSP90 expression levels before and after surgery (

P

< 0.05). It is concluded that the expression level of plasma HSP90α in lung cancer patients increases remarkably; therefore, HSP90 can be used to monitor presence of lung cancer before and after surgery in the patients.
Electrophysiological Correlates of Social Decision-making: An EEG Investigation of a Modified Ultimatum Game
Authors: Moore Matthew , Katsumi Yuta , Dolcos Sanda , Dolcos Florin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Cooperation behaviors during social decision-making have been shown to be sensitive to manipulations of context. However, it remains unclear how aspects of context in dynamic social interactions, such as observed nonverbal behaviors, may modulate cooperation decisions and the associated neural mechanisms. In this study, participants responded to offers from proposers to split $10 in an Ultimatum Game following observation of proposer approach (friendly) or avoidance (nonfriendly) behaviors, displayed by dynamic whole-body animated avatars, or following a nonsocial interaction control condition. As expected, behavioral results showed that participants tended to have greater acceptance rates for unfair offers following observed nonverbal social interactions with proposers compared with control, suggesting an enhancing effect of social interactions on cooperative decisions. ERP results showed greater N1 and N2 responses at the beginning of social interaction conditions compared with control, and greater sustained and late positivity responses for observed approach and avoidance proposer behaviors compared with control. Event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) results showed differential sensitivity within theta, alpha, and beta bands during observation of social interactions and offers that was associated with subsequent decision behaviors. Together, these results point to the impact of proposers' nonverbal behaviors on subsequent cooperation decisions at both behavioral and neural levels. The ERP and ERSP findings suggest modulated attention, monitoring, and processing of biological motion during the observed nonverbal social interactions, influencing the participants' responses to offers. These findings shed light on electrophysiological correlates of response to observed social interactions that predict subsequent social decisions.
Value-Biased Competition in the Auditory System of the Brain
Authors: Kim Andy J. , Grégoire Laurent , Anderson Brian A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Attentional capture by previously reward-associated stimuli has predominantly been measured in the visual domain. Recently, behavioral studies of value-driven attention have demonstrated involuntary attentional capture by previously reward-associated sounds, emulating behavioral findings within the visual domain and suggesting a common mechanism of attentional capture by value across sensory modalities. However, the neural correlates of the modulatory role of learned value on the processing of auditory information has not been examined. Here, we conducted a neuroimaging study on human participants using a previously established behavioral paradigm that measures value-driven attention in an auditory target identification task. We replicate behavioral findings of both voluntary prioritization and involuntary attentional capture by previously reward-associated sounds. When task-relevant, the selective processing of high-value sounds is supported by reduced activation in the dorsal attention network of the visual system (FEF, intraparietal sulcus, right middle frontal gyrus), implicating cross-modal processes of biased competition. When task-irrelevant, in contrast, high-value sounds evoke elevated activation in posterior parietal cortex and are represented with greater fidelity in the auditory cortex. Our findings reveal two distinct mechanisms of prioritizing reward-related auditory signals, with voluntary and involuntary modes of orienting that are differently manifested in biased competition.
Lessons Learned from a Study on Distractions in Virtual Learning Environments: Reliability, Ecological Validity, and an Elusive Social Component
Authors: Tärning Betty , Ternblad Eva-Maria , Haake Magnus , Gulz Agneta , Nirme Jens 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Virtual Reality has long been proposed to combine the reliability of controlled laboratory settings with the ecological validity of real life. While the technological development steadily pushes towards even more realistic renderings of the real world—the elusiveness of social and emotional elements gradually becomes more evident. This is not the least true for behavioral studies in rich sociocultural contexts. This article examines the outcomes of a study on distractions, taking place in a socially rich context—the classroom. The study made use of a Virtual Reality environment simulating a junior high school lesson, where the Distraction condition consisted of peers watching nonrelevant content on their laptops. In the control condition these laptops were closed. No significant distraction effects were found, neither on learning nor behavior. Given the strong support in the literature for such effects, the study design, including technical aspects, is scrutinized and discussed. We specifically highlight the difficulty of simulating a social relationship between the participant and agents in VR, which in this case makes the distraction stimulus significantly weaker. It is argued that the distraction effect of nearby peers’ laptop use relies (partly) on shared attention with social agents with an established social relation and common interests.
What Constitutes Failure? The Influence of Public Interests in Securing Accountability in Triple Helix Initiatives
Authors: Thomasson Anna , Wigren-Kristoferson Caroline , Scheller Christin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The focus of this article is to examine a specific case of a failing regional innovation system (RIS). Our study focuses on a specific project that was conducted in a triple helix constellation where public actors occupy the centre of the triple helix constellation. By examining and interpreting this single case, we aim to illustrate the consequences that result from uncertainty over who the triple helix constellation is accountable to as well as the consequences that has for the overall assessment of the outcome of the triple helix. We show how the overall initiative constituted a failure, but when one considers the activities that were organized and implemented by the RIS, then it is problematic to define it as a failure. This leads us to the conclusion that we should evaluate RIS from different perspectives and on different levels, and we need to consider the time dimension in our evaluation.
Vertical Vortex Development in Hurricane Michael (2018) during Rapid Intensification
Authors: DesRosiers Alexander J. , Bell Michael M. , Cha Ting-Yu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The landfall of Hurricane Michael (2018) at category-5 intensity occurred after rapid intensification (RI) spanning much of the storm’s lifetime. Four Hurricane Hunter aircraft missions observed the RI period with tail Doppler radar (TDR). Data from each of the 14 aircraft passes through the storm were quality controlled via a combination of interactive and machine-learning techniques. TDR data from each pass were synthesized using the Spline Analysis at Mesoscale Utilizing Radar and Aircraft Instrumentation (SAMURAI) variational wind retrieval technique to yield three-dimensional kinematic fields of the storm to examine inner-core processes during RI. Vorticity and angular momentum increased and concentrated in the eyewall region. A vorticity budget analysis indicates that the tendencies became more axisymmetric over time. In this study, we focus in particular on how the eyewall vorticity tower builds vertically into the upper levels. Horizontal vorticity associated with the vertical gradient of tangential wind was tilted into the vertical by the eyewall updraft to yield a positive vertical vorticity tendency inward atop the existing vorticity tower, which is further developed locally upward and outward along the sloped eyewall through advection and stretching. Observed maintenance of thermal wind balance from a thermodynamic retrieval shows evidence of a strengthening warm core, which aided in lowering surface pressure and further contributed to the efficient intensification in the latter stages of this RI event.