bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Movement-level process modeling of microsurgical bimanual and unimanual tasks
Authors: Koskinen Jani , Huotarinen Antti , Elomaa Antti-Pekka , Zheng Bin , Bednarik Roman 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Microsurgical techniques require highly skilled manual handling of specialized surgical instruments. Surgical process models are central for objective evaluation of these skills, enabling data-driven solutions that can improve intraoperative efficiency.

Method
We built a surgical process model, defined at movement level in terms of elementary surgical actions ($$n=4$$

n
=
4

) and targets ($$n=4$$

n
=
4

). The model also included nonproductive movements, which enabled us to evaluate suturing efficiency and bi-manual dexterity. The elementary activities were used to investigate differences between novice ($$n=5$$

n
=
5

) and expert surgeons ($$n=5$$

n
=
5

) by comparing the cosine similarity of vector representations of a microsurgical suturing training task and its different segments.

Results
Based on our model, the experts were significantly more efficient than the novices at using their tools individually and simultaneously. At suture level, the experts were significantly more efficient at using their left hand tool, but the differences were not significant for the right hand tool. At the level of individual suture segments, the experts had on average 21.0 % higher suturing efficiency and 48.2 % higher bi-manual efficiency, and the results varied between segments. Similarity of the manual actions showed that expert and novice surgeons could be distinguished by their movement patterns.

Conclusions
The surgical process model allowed us to identify differences between novices’ and experts’ movements and to evaluate their uni- and bi-manual tool use efficiency. Analyzing surgical tasks in this manner could be used to evaluate surgical skill and help surgical trainees detect problems in their performance computationally.
Complementarity of Description and the Promise of Semiotics in Dealing with an Eluding Object
Authors: Rączaszek-Leonardi Joanna 
Published: December 2021

AbstractI emphasize the general character of the central claim made by Terrence Deacon about the necessity of complementary description of evolving cognitive systems. Next, I clarify and augment one of the claims made in the paper about the tools offered by information theory. Finally, I point to the need of further clarification of some central notions, which should help to make connections across discourses.
Analysis of the competitiveness between a non-aflatoxigenic and an aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus strain on maize kernels by droplet digital PCR
Authors: Schamann Alexandra , Schmidt-Heydt Markus , Geisen Rolf 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNon-aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus strains are used as a biocontrol system on maize fields to decrease the aflatoxin biosynthesis of aflatoxigenic A. flavus strains. A. flavus strain AF36 was the first commercially available biocontrol strain and is authorized for use on maize fields by the US Environmental Protection Agency, e.g., in Texas and Arizona. A droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assay was developed to analyze the mechanisms of competition and interaction of aflatoxigenic and non-aflatoxigenic A. flavus strains. This assay enables the parallel identification and quantification of the biocontrol strain A. flavus AF36 and the aflatoxigenic A. flavus strain MRI19. To test the assay, spores of both strains were mixed in varying ratios and were incubated on maize-based agar or maize kernels for up to 20 days. Genomic equivalent ratios (genome copy numbers) of both strains were determined by ddPCR at certain times after incubation and were compared to the spore ratios used for inoculation. The aflatoxin biosynthesis was also measured. In general, A. flavus MRI19 had higher competitiveness in the tested habitats compared to the non-aflatoxigenic strain, as indicated by higher final genomic equivalent ratios of this strain compared to the spore ratios used for inoculation. Nevertheless, A. flavus AF36 effectively controlled aflatoxin biosynthesis of A. flavus MRI19, as a clear aflatoxin inhibition was already seen by the inoculation of 10% spores of the biocontrol strain mixed with 90% spores of the aflatoxigenic strain compared to samples inoculated with only spores of the aflatoxigenic A. flavus MRI19.
Analysis of operational issues in hydrothermal liquefaction and supercritical water gasification processes: a review
Authors: Ghavami Niloufar , Özdenkçi Karhan , Salierno Gabriel , Björklund-Sänkiaho Margareta , De Blasio Cataldo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBiomass is often referred to as a carbon–neutral energy source, and it has a role in reducing fossil fuel depletion. In addition, biomass can be converted efficiently into various forms of biofuels. The biomass conversion processes involve several thermochemical, biochemical, and hydrothermal methods for biomass treatment integration. The most common conversion routes to produce biofuels include pyrolysis and gasification processes. On the other hand, supercritical water gasification (SCWG) and hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) are best suitable for converting biomass and waste with high moisture content. Despite promising efficiencies, SCWG and HTL processes introduce operational issues as obstacles to the industrialization of these technologies. The issues include process safety aspects due to operation conditions, plugging due to solid deposition, corrosion, pumpability of feedstock, catalyst sintering and deactivation, and high production costs. The methods to address these issues include various reactor configurations to avoid plugging and optimizing process conditions to minimize other issues. However, there are only a few studies investigating the operational issues as the main scope, and reviews are seldomly available in this regard. Therefore, further research is required to address operational problems. This study reviews the main operational problems in SCWG and HTL. The objective of this study is to enhance the industrialization of these processes by investigating the operational issues and the potential solutions, i.e., contributing to the elimination of the obstacles. A comprehensive study on the operational issues provides a holistic overview of the biomass conversion technologies and biorefinery concepts to promote the industrialization of SCWG and HTL.
Continuous Fabrication of Ti3C2Tx MXene-Based Braided Coaxial Zinc-Ion Hybrid Supercapacitors with Improved Performance
Authors: Shi Bao , Li La , Chen Aibing , Jen Tien-Chien , Liu Xinying , Shen Guozhen 
Published: December 2021

Highlights

Ti3C2Tx MXene-based coaxial zinc-ion hybrid fiber supercapacitors (FSCs) were fabricated with braided structure, which can be prepared continuously and present excellent flexibility and ultrastability.

A sports watch driven by the watch belts which weaved uses the obtained zinc-ion hybrid FSC and LED arrays lighted by the FSCs under embedding into textiles, demonstrating the great potential application in smart wearable textiles.

Abstract
Zinc-ion hybrid fiber supercapacitors (FSCs) are promising energy storages for wearable electronics owing to their high energy density, good flexibility, and weavability. However, it is still a critical challenge to optimize the structure of the designed FSC to improve energy density and realize the continuous fabrication of super-long FSCs. Herein, we propose a braided coaxial zinc-ion hybrid FSC with several meters of Ti3C2Tx MXene cathode as core electrodes, and shell zinc fiber anode was braided on the surface of the Ti3C2Tx MXene fibers across the solid electrolytes. According to the simulated results using ANSYS Maxwell software, the braided structures revealed a higher capacitance compared to the spring-like structures. The resulting FSCs exhibited a high areal capacitance of 214 mF cm–2, the energy density of 42.8 μWh cm−2 at 5 mV s−1, and excellent cycling stability with 83.58% capacity retention after 5000 cycles. The coaxial FSC was tied several kinds of knots, proving a shape-controllable fiber energy storage. Furthermore, the knitted FSC showed superior stability and weavability, which can be woven into watch belts or embedded into textiles to power smart watches and LED arrays for a few days.
Manipulating Interfacial Stability Via Absorption-Competition Mechanism for Long-Lifespan Zn Anode
Authors: Qiu Meijia , Ma Liang , Sun Peng , Wang Zilong , Cui Guofeng , Mai Wenjie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe stability of Zn anode in various Zn-based energy storage devices is the key problem to be solved. Herein, aromatic aldehyde additives are selected to modulate the interface reactions between the Zn anode and electrolyte. Through comprehensively considering electrochemical measurements, DFT calculations and FEA simulations, novel mechanisms of one kind of aromatic aldehyde, veratraldehyde in inhibiting Zn dendrite/by-products can be obtained. This additive prefers to absorb on the Zn surface than H2O molecules and Zn2+, while competes with hydrogen evolution reaction and Zn plating/stripping process via redox reactions, thus preventing the decomposition of active H2O near the interface and uncontrollable Zn dendrite growth via a synactic absorption-competition mechanism. As a result, Zn–Zn symmetric cells with the veratraldehyde additive realize an excellent cycling life of 3200 h under 1 mA cm−2/1 mAh cm−2 and over 800 h even under 5 mA cm−2/5 mAh cm−2. Moreover, Zn–Ti and Zn–MnO2 cells with the veratraldehyde additive both obtain elevated performance than that with pure ZnSO4 electrolyte. Finally, two more aromatic aldehyde additives are chosen to prove their universality in stabilizing Zn anodes.
Ultra-Stable and Durable Piezoelectric Nanogenerator with All-Weather Service Capability Based on N Doped 4H-SiC Nanohole Arrays
Authors: Zhou Linlin , Zhu Laipan , Yang Tao , Hou Xinmei , Du Zhengtao , Cao Sheng , Wang Hailong , Chou Kuo-Chih , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUltra-stable piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) driven by environmental actuation sources with all-weather service capability is highly desirable. Here, the PENG based on N doped 4H-SiC nanohole arrays (NHAs) is proposed to harvest ambient energy under low/high temperature and relative humidity (RH) conditions. Finite element method simulation of N doped 4H-SiC NHAs in compression mode is developed to evaluate the relationship between nanohole diameter and piezoelectric performance. The density of short circuit current of the assembled PENG reaches 313 nA cm−2, which is 1.57 times the output of PENG based on N doped 4H-SiC nanowire arrays. The enhancement can be attributed to the existence of nanohole sidewalls in NHAs. All-weather service capability of the PENG is verified after being treated at -80/80 ℃ and 0%/100% RH for 50 days. The PENG is promising to be widely used in practice worldwide to harvest biomechanical energy and mechanical energy.
Magnetic fields in the solar convection zone
Authors: Fan Yuhong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIt has been a prevailing picture that active regions on the solar surface originate from a strong toroidal magnetic field stored in the overshoot region at the base of the solar convection zone, generated by a deep seated solar dynamo mechanism. This article reviews the studies in regard to how the toroidal magnetic field can destabilize and rise through the convection zone to form the observed solar active regions at the surface. Furthermore, new results from the global simulations of the convective dynamos, and from the near-surface layer simulations of active region formation, together with helioseismic investigations of the pre-emergence active regions, are calling into question the picture of active regions as buoyantly rising flux tubes originating from the bottom of the convection zone. This article also gives a review on these new developments.
Working Memory Impairment in Transient Ischaemic Attack: N-back as a Sensitive Measure for Detection
Authors: Smith Laura J. , Gregory Polly , Clatworthy Philip , Gallop Lucy , Stothart George 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground:Transient ischaemic attack (TIA) can lead to lasting changes in brain structure and function resulting in cognitive impairment. Cognitive screening tools may lack sensitivity for detecting cognitive impairments, particularly executive function, which tends to be the earliest affected domain in vascular cognitive impairment.Aim:In this preliminary study, we examine a working memory (WMem) task as a sensitive measure of cognitive impairment in TIA.Method:Patients referred to a TIA clinic for transient neurological symptoms completed a general cognitive screening tool (Montreal Cognitive Assessment; MoCA), and a WMem task (2-N-back) in a cross-sectional design.Results:TIA patients (n = 12) showed significantly reduced WMem performance on the N-back compared to patients diagnosed with mimic clinical conditions with overlapping symptoms (n = 16). No group differences were observed on the MoCA.Conclusions:Assessing WMem may provide a sensitive measure of cognitive impairment after TIA, with implications for cognitive screening in TIA services to triage patients for further neuropsychological support, or for interventions to prevent vascular dementia.
New fossil remains of the commensal barnacleCryptolepas rhachianectiprovide evidence of gray whales in the prehistoric South Pacific
Authors: Taylor Larry , Abella Juan , Morales-Saldaña Jorge Manuel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe report the finding of two partial specimens ofCryptolepas rhachianecti(Cirripedia, Coronulidae), a coronulid barnacle known only to inhabit the skin of gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus), in Pleistocene-aged sediments from the Canoa Basin, Ecuador. While the historical range of gray whales includes the North Pacific and North Atlantic, to our knowledge this is the first inferred evidence of a gray whale population having resided within the South Pacific. We describe the twoCryptolepas rhachianectifossils, use isotopic analysis to investigate evidence of migration in their host whales, and discuss their implications for our understanding of gray whale evolutionary history.
The Mechanical Atatürk: Cybernetics and State Violence in the Second Turkish Republic
Authors: Parslow Joakim 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTurkey's 1960 military coup d’état was received by Kemalists in the courts, bureaucracy, and universities as an opportunity to reinvigorate Atatürk's ideal of a centralized and rationally organized state. This article investigates how a handful of avant-garde thinkers sought to ride the post-1960 wave of reformism by promoting a techno-utopian approach to governance through publications and seminars aimed at state leaders and intellectuals. Cybernetics, they argued, offered a paradigm of adjudication and administration unblemished by association with the ascendant ideologies of the Cold War, whether socialist or conservative, and was fully in keeping with Kemalism. I argue that, although it remained largely at the stage of fantasy, Turkish cybernetics ultimately served as a set of metaphors with which conservative state thinkers from different political camps found common ground, facilitating the shift that occurred within the state during the 1970s away from the rights-based pluralism of the Constitution of 1961 and toward an effort to de-radicalize Turkish society, if necessary through violence.
The number sense represents multitudes and magnitudes
Authors: Marshall Oliver R. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Clarke and Beck's view that numbers are both second-order and sensible is based on an empirically dubious claim, which is required to show that what they call the “weak sensitivity principle” is satisfied. The explanatory benefits that they say are gained by positing a sensory relation to numbers are also gained by positing such a relation to multitudes of objects.
The State's Imperial Shadows
Authors: Getachew Adom 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis essay seeks to consider Anna Stilz's Territorial Sovereignty: A Philosophical Exploration in light of settler and nonsettler colonialism and their contemporary legacies. In particular, it examines the intergenerational claims of Indigenous communities and the extraterritorial claims of colonial and neocolonial subjects. The broad aim of this effort is to consider how centering the imperial roots of our contemporary nation-state system transforms our understanding and justifications of territorial sovereignty.
Unwanted Compatriots: Alienation, Migration, and Political Autonomy
Authors: Blake Michael 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn Territorial Sovereignty: A Philosophical Exploration, Anna Stilz argues that legitimate political authority requires the actual—rather than hypothetical—consent of the governed. I argue, however, that her analysis of that consent is inconsistent, in the weight it ascribes to the felt desire to refrain from doing politics with some particular group of people. In the context of secession and self-determination, the lack of actual consent to shared political institutions is weighty enough to render such institutions presumptively illegitimate. In the context of migration, however, a lack of actual consent to the presence of newcomers is ascribed nearly no weight, and instead is taken as evidence of irrationality or immoral preferences. I argue that this apparent contradiction must be clarified before Stilz's overall account of self-governance can be accepted.
Zircon U‐Pb Age Constraints on NW Himalayan Exhumation From the Laxmi Basin, Arabian Sea
Authors: Zhou Peng , Stockli Daniel F. , Ireland Thomas , Murray Richard W. , Clift Peter D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Indus Fan, located in the Arabian Sea, contains the bulk of the sediment eroded from the Western Himalaya and Karakoram. Scientific drilling in the Laxmi Basin by the International Ocean Discovery Program recovered a discontinuous erosional record for the Indus River drainage dating back to at least 9.8 Ma, and with a single sample from 15.6 Ma. We dated detrital zircon grains by U‐Pb geochronology to reconstruct how erosion patterns changed through time. Long‐term increases in detrital zircon U‐Pb components of 750–1,200 and 1,500–2,300 Ma record increasing preferential erosion of the Himalaya relative to the Karakoram between 8.3–7.0 and 5.9–5.7 Ma. The average contribution of Karakoram‐derived sediment to the Indus Fan fell from 70% of the total at 8.3–7.0 Ma to 35% between 5.9 and 5.7 Ma. An increase in the contribution of 1,500–2,300 Ma zircons starting between 2.5 and 1.6 Ma indicates significant unroofing of the Inner Lesser Himalaya (ILH) by that time. The trend in zircon age spectra is consistent with bulk sediment Nd isotope data. The initial change in spatial erosion patterns at 7.0–5.9 Ma occurred during a time of drying climate in the foreland. The increase in ILH erosion postdated the onset of dry‐wet glacial‐interglacial cycles suggesting some role for climate control. However, erosion driven by rising topography in response to formation of the ILH thrust duplex, especially during the Pliocene, also played an important role, while the influence of the Nanga Parbat Massif to the total sediment flux was modest.
Seafloor Magnetism Under Hydrothermal Alteration: Insights From Magnetomineralogy and Magnetic Properties of the Southwest Indian Ridge Basalts
Authors: Wang Shishun , Chang Liao , Tao Chunhui , Bilardello Dario , Liu Long , Wu Tao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTitanomagnetites in mid‐ocean ridge basalt (MORB) experience variable post crystallization alterations associated with seafloor tectonic and environmental processes. Compared to low‐temperature oxidation, seafloor hydrothermal alteration is thought to be more destructive but its magnetic aftermaths are insufficiently documented. Here we present comprehensive rock magnetic and electron microscopic analyses of fresh and hydrothermally‐altered MORBs dredged from the Longqi and Yuhuang hydrothermal fields, Southwest Indian Ridge. We observe large variations in magnetic properties of fresh MORBs, originated from relative proportions of nano‐scale single‐domain to vortex state and micron‐scale vortex to multi‐domain state dendritic titanomagnetites. Progressive hydrothermal alteration produces secondary magnetite through recrystallization of exsolved and dissolved Fe from primary titanomagnetite. Exsolution is evident by a dual Verwey transition signature and coexisting Ti‐poor titanomagnetites and sphenes in partially chloritized basalts. A schematic model is proposed to explain the variations in magnetomineralogy and magnetic properties with progressive hydrothermal alteration. Intermediate hydrothermal alteration products retain a secondary chemical remanent magnetization (CRM) which is related to the long‐term magnetization variations in oceanic basalts. The established framework allows characterizing MORB hydrothermal alteration and ultimately contributes to resolving the complexity of seafloor magnetism.
Early senescence and production of senescence-associated cytokines are major determinants of radioresistance in head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Schoetz Ulrike , Klein Diana , Hess Julia , Shnayien Seyd , Spoerl Steffen , Orth Michael , Mutlu Samet , Hennel Roman , Sieber Anja , Ganswindt Ute , Luka Benedikt , Thomsen Andreas R. , Unger Kristian , Jendrossek Verena , Zitzelsberger Horst , Blüthgen Nils , Belka Claus , Unkel Steffen , Klinger Bertram , Lauber Kirsten 
Published: December 2021

AbstractResistance against radio(chemo)therapy-induced cell death is a major determinant of oncological treatment failure and remains a perpetual clinical challenge. The underlying mechanisms are manifold and demand for comprehensive, cancer entity- and subtype-specific examination. In the present study, resistance against radiotherapy was systematically assessed in a panel of human head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines and xenotransplants derived thereof with the overarching aim to extract master regulators and potential candidates for mechanism-based pharmacological targeting. Clonogenic survival data were integrated with molecular and functional data on DNA damage repair and different cell fate decisions. A positive correlation between radioresistance and early induction of HNSCC cell senescence accompanied by NF-κB-dependent production of distinct senescence-associated cytokines, particularly ligands of the CXCR2 chemokine receptor, was identified. Time-lapse microscopy and medium transfer experiments disclosed the non-cell autonomous, paracrine nature of these mechanisms, and pharmacological interference with senescence-associated cytokine production by the NF-κB inhibitor metformin significantly improved radiotherapeutic performance in vitro and in vivo. With regard to clinical relevance, retrospective analyses of TCGA HNSCC data and an in-house HNSCC cohort revealed that elevated expression of CXCR2 and/or its ligands are associated with impaired treatment outcome. Collectively, our study identifies radiation-induced tumor cell senescence and the NF-κB-dependent production of distinct senescence-associated cytokines as critical drivers of radioresistance in HNSCC whose therapeutic targeting in the context of multi-modality treatment approaches should be further examined and may be of particular interest for the subgroup of patients with elevated expression of the CXCR2/ligand axis.