bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergency Surgery Admissions and The COVID-19 Pandemic: Did The First Wave Really Change Our Practice? Results of An ACOI/WSES International Audit On 6263 Patients.
Authors: Tebala Giovanni D. , Milani Marika S. , Bignell Mark , Bond-Smith Giles , Lewis Chris , Cirocchi Roberto , Saverio Salomone Di , Catena Fausto , Scatizzi Marco , Marini Pierluigi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic is having a deep impact on emergency surgical services, with a significant reduction of patients admitted into emergency surgical units world widely. Reliable figures of this reduction have not been produced yet. Our international audit aimed at giving a precise snapshot of the absolute and relative changes of emergency surgical admissions at the outbreak of the pandemic. Materials and methodsDatasets of patients admitted as general surgical emergencies into 45 internationally distributed emergency surgical units during the months of March and April 2020 (Covid-19 pandemic outbreak) were collected and compared with those of patients admitted into the same units during the months of March and April 2019 (pre-Covid-19). Primary endpoint was to evaluate the relative variation of the presentation symptoms and discharge diagnoses between the two study periods. Secondary endpoint was to identify the possible change of therapeutic strategy during the same two periods. ResultsForty-four centres participated sent their anonymised data to the study hub, for a total of 6263 patients. Of these, 3810 were admitted in the pre-Covid period and 2453 in the Covid period, for a 35.6% absolute reduction. The most common presentation was abdominal pain, whose incidence did not change between the two periods, but in the Covid period patients presented less frequently with anal pain, hernias, anaemia and weight loss. ASA 1 and low frailty patients were admitted less frequently, while ASA>1 and frail patients showed a relative increase. The type of surgical access did not change significantly, but lap-to-open conversion rate halved between the two study periods. Discharge diagnoses of appendicitis and diverticulitis reduced significantly, while bowel ischaemia and perianal ailments had a significant relative increase.ConclusionsOur audit demonstrates a significant overall reduction of emergency surgery admissions at the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic with a minimal change of the proportions of single presentations, diagnoses and treatments. These findings may open the door to new ways of managing surgical emergencies without engulfing the already busy hospitals.
Effects of fasudil on blood-brain barrier integrity
Authors: Sato Kei , Nakagawa Shinsuke , Morofuji Yoichi , Matsunaga Yuki , Fujimoto Takashi , Watanabe Daisuke , Izumo Tsuyoshi , Niwa Masami , Walter Fruzsina R , Santa-Maria Ana Raquel , Deli Maria A , Matsuo Takayuki 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

Cerebral infarction accounts for 85% of all stroke cases. Even in an era of rapid and effective recanalization using an intravascular approach, the majority of patients have poor functional outcomes. Thus, there is an urgent need for the development of therapeutic agents to treat acute ischemic stroke. We evaluated the effect of fasudil, a Rho kinase inhibitor, on blood brain barrier (BBB) functions under normoxia or oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) conditions using a primary cell-based in vitro BBB model.
Medhods:

BBB models from rat primary cultures (brain capillary endothelial cells, astrocytes, and pericytes) were subjected to either normoxia or 6-hour OGD/24-hour reoxygenation. To assess the effects of fasudil on BBB functions, we evaluated real time impedance, transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER), sodium fluorescein permeability, and tight junction protein expression using immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Lastly, to understand the observed protective mechanism on BBB functions by fasudil we examined the role of cyclooxygenase-2 and thromboxane A2 receptor agonist U-46619 in BBB-forming cells.
Results

We found that treatment with 0.3–30 µM of fasudil increased cellular impedance. Fasudil enhanced barrier properties in a concentration-dependent manner, as measured by an increased (TEER) and decreased permeability. Fasudil also increased the expression of tight junction protein claudin-5. Reductions in TEER and increased permeability were observed after OGD/reoxygenation exposure in mono- and co-culture models. The improvement in BBB integrity by fasudil was confirmed in both of the models, but was significantly higher in the co-culture than in the monoculture model. Treatment with U-46619 did not show significant changes in TEER in the monoculture model, whereas it showed a significant reduction in TEER in the co-culture model. Fasudil significantly improved the U-46619-induced TEER reduction in the co-culture models. Pericytes and astrocytes have opposite effects on endothelial cells and may contribute to endothelial injury in hyperacute ischemic stroke. Overall, fasudil protects the integrity of BBB both by a direct protective effect on endothelial cells and by a pathway mediated via pericytes and astrocytes.
Conclusions

Our findings suggest that fasudil is a BBB-protective agent against acute ischemic stroke.
Case Study in The Northern Cape (Loopeng Area), South Africa, Confirming Occurrence of a Collapsible Soil Structure in Transported Soils
Authors: Stapelberg Frederik Daniël Jacobus 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Testing was performed on transported soils belonging to recently deposited sandy-silty soil deposits occurring in the Northern Cape Province, South Africa in order to determine the occurrence and order of magnitude of a collapsing sand soil structure. Various empirical geotechnical characteristics including: in situ soil profile structure description, particle grading curve and clay content, soil classification, soil density and void ratio were compared to collapse potential values determined with oedometer testing in order to judge the success with which the empirical characteristics can be utilized to predict the occurrence of a collapsible soil structure.From the results it is clear that a collapsing sand structure exists in the transported soils and the empirical descriptors mostly correctly indicate the occurrence or the particular soil structure when compared to previous studies on collapsing sands. The one descriptor which reflects a relatively poor correction between the descriptor and the soil structure (in situ soil profile structure description) is considered to be a poor indicator of the collapsible soil structure due to erroneous or poor in situ soil structure observations resulting from unfavourable local conditions namely dry, dusty soil conditions and very brief intact standup time of test pit side walls.
Automatic Approach for Mask Detection Effective: For COVID-19
Authors: Banik Debajyoty , Rawat Saksham Rawat , Thakur Aayush , Parwekar Pritee , Satapathy Suresh Chandra 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred at the end of 2019, and it has continued to be a source of misery for millions of people and companies well into 2020. There is a surge of concern among all persons, especially those who wish to resume in person activities, as the globe recovers from the epidemic and intends to return to a level of normalcy. Wearing a face mask greatly decreases the likelihood of viral transmission and gives a sense of security, according to studies. However, manually tracking the execution of this regulation is not possible. The key to this is technology. We present a Deep Learning-based system that can detect instances of improper use of face masks. A dual-stage Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)architecture is used in our system to recognie masked and unmasked faces. This will aid in the tracking of safety breaches, the promotion of face mask use, and the maintenance of a safe working environment. This paper will automate the tasks of mask detection in public places when incorporated with CCTV cameras and will alert the system manager when a person without mask or wearing incorrect mask tries to enter. This paper includes multi face detection model which has the
potential to target and identify a group of people whether they are wearing masks or not. We tried to collect various facial pictures and tried to identify the face Region of Interest (ROI), and then we separated it. Applying facial milestones, to permit the restriction the eyes, nose, mouth, and so. face was then completed and we tried to detect the presence of mask. To prepare a custom face cover locator, breaking our venture into two unmistakable stages was required, each with its own separate sub-steps.
1. Preparing: Here, stacking our face veil discovery dataset from plate, preparing a model on this dataset, and afterward serializing the face cover locator to circle was the focus.
2. Sending: Once the face veil identifier is prepared, the accompanying advance of stacking the cover finder, performing face recognition, and afterward characterizing each face as with veil or without veil, can be executed.
Climatic Rather than Edaphic Variables Determine Leaf C, N, P Stoichiometry of Deciduous Quercus Species
Authors: Lin Yutong , Lai Yuan , Tang Songbo , Qin Zhangfen , Liu Jianfeng , Kang Fengfeng , Kuang Yuanwen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose Leaf elemental stoichiometry is indicative of plant nutrient limitation, community composition, ecosystem function. Understanding the variations of leaf carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry at genus-level across large geographic regions and identifying their driving factors are important to predict species’ distribution range shifts affected by climate change.MethodsHere, we determined the patterns of leaf concentrations ([ ]) and ratios ( / ) of C, N, P of five deciduous oaks species (Quercus) across China covering ~ 20 latitude (~21–41˚ N) and longitude (~99–119˚ E) degrees, and detected their relationships with climatic, edaphic variables. ResultsLeaf [C], [N] and N/P, C/P significantly increased, while leaf [P] and C/N decreased with the increasing latitude. Leaf stoichiometry except for leaf [C] had no significant trends along the longitude. Climatic variables, i.e. mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation, the maximum temperature of the warmest month, temperature seasonality, aridity index, and the potential evapo-transpiration were the determinants of the geographic patterns of leaf C, N, P stoichiometry. The mean annual precipitation and the maximum temperature of the warmest month indirectly regulated leaf C/N, C/P and N/P via altering leaf [P]. Edaphic variables had non-significant effects on leaf C, N, and P stoichiometry at the broad geographic range.ConclusionsClimatic variables have more important effects than edaphic properties on leaf C, N, P stoichiometry of the studied deciduous Quercus species, which imply the ongoing climate change will alter nutrient strategies and potentially shift the distribution range of this eurytopic species.
Influenza Vaccination Coverage of Healthcare Workers in Nursing Homes in France and Related Determinants, 2018- 2019 Season: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Vaux Sophie , Fonteneau Laure , Venier Anne-Gaëlle , Gautier Arnaud , Altrach Sophan Soing , Parneix Pierre , Lévy-Bruhl Daniel 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

The burden of influenza morbidity and mortality in nursing homes (NH) is high. Vaccination of residents and healthcare workers (HCW) is the main prevention strategy. Despite recommendations, HCW vaccination coverage is generally low.
Methods

We performed a nationwide cross-sectional survey of NH using a single-stage stratified random sampling design to estimate influenza vaccination coverage in nursing home HCW in France during the 2019-2020 season, and to identify measures likely to increase it. A multivariate analysis was performed using a negative binomial regression.
Results

Overall influenza vaccination coverage in HCW was 31.9% (95% CI [29.7-34.1]). It varied according to occupational category: 75.5% [69.3-81.7] for physicians, 42.9% [39.4-46.4] for nurses, 26.7% [24.5-29.0] for nursing assistants, and 34.0% [30.1-38.0] for other paramedical personnel. When considering all professionals (i.e., HCW and non-medical professionals), overall vaccination coverage was 30.6% [28.2-33.0]. Vaccination coverage was higher in private nursing homes, in i) small nursing homes, ii) when vaccination was offered free of charge (RRa: 1.4, [1.1-1.8]), iii) when vaccination promotion for professionals included individual (RRa: 1.6 [1.1-2.1]) or collective (RRa: 1.3 [1.1-1.5]) information sessions, videos or games (RRa: 1.4 [1.2-1.6], iv) when information on influenza vaccines was provided (RRa: 1.2 [1.0-1.3], and finally, vi) when a vaccination point of contact - defined as an HCW who could provide reliable information on vaccination - was nominated within the nursing home (RRa: 1.7 [1.3-2.2]).
Conclusions

Urgent and innovative actions are required to increase coverage in HCW. Vaccination programmes should include free vaccination and education campaigns, and particularly target nursing assistants. The results of this nationwide study provide keys for improving influenza vaccination coverage in HCW. Programmes should ensure that information on influenza vaccines is provided by a vaccination point of contact in NH using attractive media. Combining the different prevention measures proposed could increase coverage in NH nationwide by over 50%.
Exploration and Validation of Metastasis-associated Genes for Skin Cutaneous Melanoma
Authors: Luan Hong , Jian Linge , He Ye , Zhang Tuo , Su Yanna , Zhou Liping 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Skin cutaneous melanoma is a malignant and highly metastatic skin tumor, and its morbidity and mortality are still rising worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms that promote melanoma metastasis are unclear. Methods: Two datasets (GSE15605 and GSE46517) were retrieved to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 23 normal skin tissues (N), 77 primary melanoma tissues (T) and 85 metastatic melanoma tissues (M). Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment were performed to explore the functions of the DEGs. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the STRING tool and Cytoscape software. We used the cytoHubba plugin of Cytoscape to identify the most significant hub genes by five topological analyses (Degree, Bottleneck, MCC, MNC, and EPC). Hub gene expression was validated using the UALCAN website. Clinical relevance was investigated using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) resources. Finally, we explored the association between metastasis-associated genes and immune infiltrates through the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) database and performed drug-gene interaction analysis using the Drug-Gene Interaction database.Results: A total of 294 specific genes were related to melanoma metastasis and were mainly involved in the positive regulation of locomotion, mitotic cell cycle process, and epithelial cell differentiation. Four hub genes (CDK1, FOXM1, KIF11, and RFC4) were identified from the cytoHubba plugin of Cytoscape. CDK1 was significantly upregulated in metastatic melanoma compared with primary melanoma, and high expression of CDK1 was positively correlated with poor prognosis. We found that CDK1 expression correlated positively with the infiltration levels of macrophage cells (Rho = -0.164, P = 2.02e-03) and neutrophil cells (Rho = 0.269, P = 2.72e-07) in SKCM metastasis. In addition, we identified that CDK1 had a close interaction with 10 antitumor drugs. Conclusions: CDK1 was identified as a hub gene involved in the progression of melanoma metastasis and may be regarded as a therapeutic target for melanoma patients to improve prognosis and prevent metastasis in the future.
Resistant Cassava Cultivars Inhibit The Papaya Mealybug Paracoccus Marginatus Population Based On Their Interaction: From Physiological and Biochemical Perspectives
Authors: Chen Qing , Liu Xiao-Qiang , Liang Xiao , Liu Ying , Wu Chun-Ling , Xu Xue-Lian , Wu Yan , Chen Qian , Yao Xiao-Wen , Qiao Yang , Shui Jun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Dangerous Paracoccus marginatus papaya mealybugs cause considerable threats and challenges to cassava production and processing. The deployment of resistant cultivars offers effective, economical and eco-friendly management strategies for pest management. We utilized P. marginatus mortality, development and reproduction to evaluate the resistance of fifteen cassava cultivars and conducted physiological and biochemical analyses when P. marginatus was fed on two resistant cultivars (Myanmar, C1115) and three susceptible cultivars (BRA900, Bread, SC205). Significantly lower digestive (amylase, sucrase, lipase), detoxification (glutathione-S-transferase and carboxylesterase) and antioxidant, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), enzyme activities were observed in P. marginatus feeding on resistant cultivars compared to susceptible cultivars. For resistant cultivars, a significant reduction was found in nutritional components containing free amino acids, nitrogen, soluble sugars and the secondary metabolite malondialdehyde. Additionally, significantly higher enzymatic activity (SOD, CAT, POD and PPO) levels and secondary metabolite quantities (total phenol and tannins) were found in resistant cultivars induced by P. marginatus compared with susceptible ones. Additionally, RT-qPCR tests showed that the transcripts of ten genes involved in nutrition, secondary metabolites and antioxidant activities were consistent with their physiology and biochemistry changes. Thus, resistant cultivars prevented P. marginatus populations from suffering lower P. marginatus damage by elevating secondary metabolite contents and antioxidant activities, reducing nutrition levels and decreasing enzymatic activities. This study will be beneficial in determining the important indexes for developing standard regulations to evaluate P. marginatus-resistant cassavas, helping the development of effective strategies for pest management.
Rapid Propagation System in Vitro of Medicinal Plant Cynanchum Atratum Bunge
Authors: Chang P , Dong GF , Li MF , Zhang YH , Dong Yumei 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
As a traditional Chinese medicinal material, Cynanchum atratum Bunge has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for its treatment of abscesses, acute urinary infection and hectic fever.Thus, wild resources of it have been endangered by overharvesting. Plant tissue culture technology is an important measure to protect wild resources of medicinal plants, including C. atratum. Therefore, a fast and efficient propagation system of C. atratum through axillary bud proliferation pathwayhas been established. Through axillary bud proliferation, the medium [MS+sucrose 30 g/L+Agar 7 g/L+NAA 0.2 mg/l+IBA 1.5mg/l+KT 0.5 mg/l] can effectively proliferate adventitious buds, and the induction rate was 100 %, proliferation coefficient could reach 8.56. MS medium was used to induce adventitious bud rooting, with rooting rate of 98% and no callus. The highest survival rate was 90% when the ratio of grass mud pond and orchard red soil was 1:1. To our knowledge this is the first report of rapid propagation system in C. atratum, it achieve rapid reproduction of C. atratum.
New Onset Focal Seizure Following COVID-19 Vaccination: Case Report
Authors: Phua Chun Seng , Bhaskar Shalini , Raymond Azman Ali 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
IntroductionAs more novel COVID-19 vaccines are being rolled out in a frantic pace globally, any complication that might be related to COVID-19 vaccines should be highlighted, especially since COVID-19 vaccines are relatively new, and side effects may yet to be fully elucidated. We report a case of a healthy 18-year-old male who presented with new onset focal seizures 5 days after receiving 1st dose of Oxford/AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine. Case PresentationThe patient was treated with intravenous phenytoin and oral levetiracetam 250mg twice daily with no further events. There was no documented fever. CT venogram and EEG were unremarkable. MRI brain revealed generalised atrophy including mild bilateral hippocampal atrophy with no evidence of sclerosis. There was no predilection for seizures identified from the patient’s history. The patient was discharged the following day on levetiracetam and advised to proceed with the 2nd dose of Oxford/AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccination in 3 months’ time.ConclusionSeizures following COVID-19 vaccination have only been reported in a handful of cases. COVID-19 vaccination could lower seizure threshold, or unmask an underlying predisposition for epilepsy. As most COVID-19 vaccines worldwide are given in 2 doses, clinicians should consider maintaining patients on anti-seizure drugs if vaccination was thought to be a provoking factor.
Metaproteomic Comparison of Cryoconite Communities from Caucasian and Novaya Zemlya Glaciers
Authors: Zainullina Bozhana , Babkina Irina , Lobov Arseniy , Tembotov Rustam , Abakumov Evgeniy 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Anthropogenic pollution strongly affects glacial microbiological communities and promotes glacial melting. In the early stages of glacial melting formation of small cylindrical holes (cryoconite) occurs. While the microbiome of cryoconite is well described, the effect of anthropogenic pollution on cryoconite microbiological communities still has not been fully understood. Thus, we performed an unbiased functional comparison of the cryoconite communities from the highly polluted Caucasian glaciers and from less polluted glaciers in Novaya Zemlya. For this purpose, we used the shotgun metaproteomics approach which has not been used for cryoconite microbiome analysis previously. We identified 475 protein groups, a third of which were found in both glaciers. Cryoconites in both glaciers have similar microbiological communities with Cyanobacteria as dominant phyla. Nevertheless, we found a slight shift from the dominance of phototrophic Cyanobacteria in Novaya Zemlya to heterotrophic bacteria in the Caucasus. We assume that it might be caused by anthropogenic pollution, but other factors such as differences in seasonal dynamics of microbiological communities should be tested in the future.
BACHELARD, ETAT DES LIEUX 55 ANS APRES SA MORT
Authors: Wunenburger Jean-Jacques 
Published: November 2021

L’article traite de la répercussion de la philosophie de Gaston Bachelard 55 ans après sa mort. Par son rationalisme, la pensée de Bachelard a une influence importante sur l’epistémologie française contemporaine. En guise de rêverie poétique, le bachelardisme refait surface au XXIe siècle à travers des interprétations artistiques, géographiques et architecturales. Le résultat de cette exposition vise alors place le lecteur dans ce que l’auteur appelle une double culture, dans l’opposition et la complémentarité des deux faces de l’esprit, animus et anima, donnat la profondeur humnaine d’être et les moyens de la liberté, la vérité e bonner. En même temps, se déploie ce bachelardisme trois neouvelles perspectives : léducation, l’écologie et la critique littéraire, que de nouveaus visages de la pensée d’aujourd’hui de ce grand penseur transdisciplinaire que traverse le corps à l’esprit, les affections de la sphère sociale. La critique littéraire nous conduit á la nouvelle herméneutique et à la phénoménologie que circulent autour de cette pédagogie esthétique de l’inteligence. Enfin, une écologie du paysage, òu l’imagination est une géo-pathos, à savoir un amour de la terre et être compris comme un écosystème intégré et actif dans un biomimétisme symbiotique entre l’homme et la nature.
Mots-clés: Gaston Bachelard. Héritage contemporain. Théorie-pratique. Double culture.