bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Cytogenetic Characterization and Fusarium Head Blight Resistance&nbsp;of Five Wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium Partial Amphiploids
Authors: Wang Hui , Cheng Shuwei , Shi Yue , Zhang Shuxin , Yan Wei , Song Weifu , Yang Xuefeng , Song Qingjie , Jang Bo , Qi Xiaoyue , Li Xinling , Friebe Bernd , Zhang Yanming 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Partial amphiploids created by crossing octoploid tritelytrigia（2n=8x=56, AABBDDEE） and Thinopyrum intermedium (2n=6x=42, StStJJJSJS) are important intermediates in wheat breeding because of their resistance to major wheat diseases. We examined the chromosome compositions of five wheat-Th. intermedium partial amphiploids using GISH and multicolor-FISH. Results: The result revealed that five lines had 10-14 J-genome chromosomes from Th. intermedium and 42 common wheat chromosomes, using the J-genomic DNA from Th. bessarabicum as GISH probe and the oligo probes pAs1-1, pAs1-3, AFA-4, (GAA) 10, and pSc119.2-1 as FISH probe. Five lines resembled their parent octoploid tritelytrigia （2n=8x=56, AABBDDEE） but had higher protein contents. Protein contents of two lines HS2-2 and HS2-5 were up to more than 20%. Evaluation of Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance revealed that the percent of symptomatic spikelets (PSS) of these lines were below 30%. Lines HS2-2, HS2-4, HS2-5, and HS2-16 were less than 20%. Line HS2-5 with 14 J-genome chromosomes from Th. intermedium showed the best disease resistance, with PSS values of 10.8% and 16.6% in 2016 and 2017, respectively. ﻿Conclusions: New wheat-Th. intermedium amphiploids with the J-genome chromosomes were identified and can be considered as a valuable source of FHB resistance in wheat breeding.
Anatomical Studies of Genetic Variation Instabilities in Various Cancer&nbsp;
Authors: Ghazimoradi Mohammad , Farivar Shirin , Zolghadr Ehsan , Montazeri Samaneh , Ghavami Toktam Tavabe , Daryani Maryam , Babashah Sadegh 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Genome instability is one of the significant markers of cancers. This features is one of the most fundamental mechanism regarding cancer cells evolution. This major mechanism has been found mostly in some of cancer types and in less extends in other types. Majority of this instability occur mostly in chromosome scale or satellites. Results: In this regards whole exome data has been downloaded from Array express (EMBL-EBI). We investigate the amount of instability of genetic variations such as SNP, MNP and other types in various cancers. We also investigates this change in genome, chromosome and gene scale point of view in various type of cancers. Our findings might enlighten some preservative mechanism in genome scale.Conclusion: Although genome instability on chromosomal level is well studied and has been proved, on micro scale genomic variation it might not be the case. The positive control and negative show right pattern, however on other cancers from different stages and grades the instability could not be confirm on micro scale instabilities.
The Effect of Pre-Incision Urethral Plate Width and Glanular Width on the Outcome of Tubularized Incised Urethral Plate Repair Surgery in Distal Penile Hypospadias, A Prospective Study
Authors: Abdelbaky Tarek , Taha Diaa El-din , Nabeeh Hossam , elabden Khaled Zein , Galal Mohamed 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: To determine the outcomes of hypospadias repair according to the width of the urethral plate & glanular width. Materials and methods A prospective evaluation of patients operated for hypospadias. The urethral plate width (UPW) & glans width (GW) of the patients were measured preoperatively using standard calipers. The urethral plate width was correlated to the cosmetic outcome (using hypospadias objective penile evaluation [HOPE]) and functional outcome (using the urinary stream) of repair. All patients were managed via the same technique using Snodgrass tubularized incised plate repair (TIP). All intraoperative data were recorded. All patients were followed up for 1 year. Success was deﬁned as slit shaped meatus at the tip of the glans without stenosis, ﬁstula or diverticulum. Results: All 38 patients were evaluated at 6 months and 1 year follow up. The mean age at surgery was 4.5 ± 2.1 years. We categorized the patients into two groups:- (Group A) had a urethral plate width of less than 8 mm, they were 24 patients (63.15 %). (Group B) had a urethral plate width greater or equal to 8 mm. (group B) had a urethral plate width greater or equal to 8 mm, they are 14 patients (36.8 %) Overall, the mean ± of UPW was 10.92 ± 1.24 mm while the mean ± SD of GW was 9.52 ± 1.56 mm. Success was documented in 36/38 patients (94.7%). The documented complication was Fistula in two patient (5.2 %), glans dehiscensce in three patients (7.9%). Success rate was not statistically different in correlation of UPW and GW (p=0.5). The urinary stream was straight in 32 boys and sprayed in 6. Overall, mean ± SD HOPE score was 39.1 ± 8.83. The only statistically signiﬁcant difference between all patients was a longer operative time in the patients with deficient urethral plate compared to others with adequate urethral plate (p= 0.005). A significant correlation found between the cosmetic outcome of the two groups and HOPE score (p = 0.06). Conclusions: The pre-incision urethral plate width and glanular width was not correlated with the TIP outcome. A better HOPE score is associated with wide urethral plate.
Hematopoietic Score for the Prognostic Evaluation of Multiple Myeloma Patients Undergoing First-Line Treatment With A Bortezomib-Based Regimen
Authors: He JingSong , Yue XiaoYan , Han XiaoYan , He DongHua , Zhao Yi , Yang Yang , Zheng GaoFeng , Wu WenJun , Cai Zhen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: It is very important to evaluate the prognosis of multiple myeloma (MM) patients before starting treatment. Although hematopoietic status may have a significant impact on patient survival, it has not received sufficient attention in current clinical practice. Methods: This was a retrospective study of 328 newly diagnosed MM patients received first-line treatment with a bortezomib-based regimen. The effects of hematopoietic factors, including hemoglobin (Hgb) levels, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and platelet count (Plt) on the prognosis of the patients were analysed. Results: Hgb<100 g/L, MCV>99.1fL and Plt<150×109/L significantly affect the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of MM patients, each of the above factors was assigned a value of 1 to generate a hematopoietic score. According to the results, 93 (28.4%), 103 (31.4%), 90 (27.4%) and 42 (12.8%) patients had a score of 0, 1, 2, 3, respectively. The median PFS were 38.7, 55.9, 23.9 and 16.7 months, respectively (P<0.001), and the median OS were not reached (NR), 68.4months, 53.6 and 33.2 months, respectively (P<0.001). Multivariable analysis showed that hematopoietic score (2-3 vs 0-1, HR, 1.64) and bone marrow plasma cell percentage (>30%, HR, 1.54) are independent prognostic predictors for PFS; age (≥70 years, HR, 1.67), hematopoietic score (2-3 vs 0-1, HR, 1.60), serum creatinine level (>177umol/L, HR, 2.15) and bone marrow plasma cell percentage (>30%, HR, 1.81) are independent prognostic predictors of OS. Conclusions: This study suggests that the hematopoietic score can be used to evaluate the prognosis of newly treated MM patients in the era of new drugs. However, there is still a need to enlarge the number of cases and carry out prospective research to validate this conclusion.
Experimental Verification of General Validity of Non-force Interaction Formula
Authors: Teslia Iurii 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In the present work, the physical and mathematical principles of the non-force interaction theory are presented. It is shown that in the basis of this theory there are computer experiments within which there was simulated movement and interaction of material objects through the change of their hypothetical informational contents. The formulae of transformation of the hypothetical informational contents of material objects received from the information-probabilistic interpretation of mechanical movement were used in the experimental research to demonstrate that they also correspond to the processes of speech production in a human brain. The hypothesis, objective and tasks of the experimental research were defined. The methods and software tools were developed to conduct the experiments. To compare different results of the simulation of the processes in a human brain during speech production, there was a range of methods proposed to calculate the estimate of sequence of fragments of natural language texts including the methods based on linear approximation. The conducted experiments have proved that the formulae received from information-probabilistic interpretation of mechanical movement reflect the processes of speech production. It is shown that the offered approach can successfully be used to create systems of reactive artificial intelligence machines. Experimental and, presented in this work, practical results constitute that the non-force (informational) interaction formulae are generally valid.
PTPN9 Genes Polymorphism as a Protect Factor in Lumbar Disc Herniation Development
Authors: Li Dandan , Mai Huqiang , Wang Yuhe , Wang Li , Liu Xiaoli , Xu Shilin , He Yongjun , Yuan Dongya , Jin Tianbo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is a high incidence spinal disease caused by disc degeneration, nuclear pulse displacement or fiber ring degeneration. This study aimed to explore the correlation between PTPN9 susceptibility and lumbar disc herniation in Chinese Han population.Methods: The subjects were 504 patients with lumbar disc hernia and 503 controls. PTPN9 polymorphism (rs76107647, rs10851882, rs753992, rs11072552) are genotype using Agena MassArray. In addition, Logistic regression was used for odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the impact of genetic polymorphisms on LDH occurrence.Results: In the allele model, rs76107647 A (p = 0.023) is associated with a reduced risk of LDH . In the analysis of genetic models, we found that rs76107647 (adjusted, A/A vs. G/G: p = 0.035; A/A vs. AG/GG: p = 0.044; log - additive model: p = 0.022, respectively) and rs11072552 (adjusted, C/C vs. A/A: p = 0.048; C/C vs. CA/AA: p = 0.010, respectively)were significantly related to LDH risk reduction. After age stratification, rs76107647（adjusted, A/A vs. G/G: p = 0.036; A/G vs. G/G: p = 0.008, ; AA/AG vs. G/G: p = 0.002; log–additive model: p = 0.001, respectively) can reduce the risk of LDH for young people ≤ 49 years old, while rs11072552 (adjusted, CC vs. CA/AA: p = 0.009) can significantly reduce the risk of LDH in patients over 49 years old. With gender stratification, rs76107647 (adjusted, A/A vs. G/G: p = 0.017, ; A/A vs. AG/GG: p = 0.019; log - additive model: p = 0.018, respectively) was significantly associated with reduced LDH risk in female. Conclusion: Our research suggests that PTPN9 polymorphisms may have protective effects on the risk of LDH in Chinese Han population.
Genome-wide Identification, Evolution and Expression Analysis of LBD Transcription Factors Family in Wheat (Triticum aestivum. L)
Authors: Wang Zhenyu , Gao Ying , Huo Fulin , Shi Yijun , Pan Wenqiu , Lei Pengzheng , Song Weining , Nie Xiaojun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The LBD (lateral organ boundaries)-domain transcription factor is one unique gene family in plants, playing the crucial role in regulating plant architecture as well as stress tolerance. Although LBD family has been thoroughly characterized in many species, it is not well studied in wheat.Results: In this study, the in silico genome-wide analysis was performed and a total of 90 LBD proteins were identified in wheat (TaLBDs). Phylogenetic analysis classified them into two major groups, of which Class I contained 8 subfamily (IA-IH), and Class II include 2 subfamily (IIA-B). Exon-intron structure, conserved protein motif and cis-regulatory elements analysis showed that the members in the subfamily shared similar gene structure organizations, supporting the classification. Furthermore, these TaLBDs mainly interacted with the genes related to signal transduction cascades and they were also targeted by miRNAs to form the sophisticated regulation network. Then, the tissue-specific and stress-responsive TaLBD genes were identified through RNA-seq analysis. Finally, the expression of 12 TaLBDs were selected to validate by QPCR analysis and the homoeologous genes showed significantly differential expression, suggesting subfunctionalization of them has occurred. In addition, the genetic diversity of TaLBDs in wheat landrace showed slight higher than that of variety while obvious asymmetry at subgenome level. Conclusions: This study reported the composition, structure, evolution and expression patterns of LBD family in wheat, which will provide potential target genes for further functional analysis and also shed light on the role of LBD gene playing in regulating development and stresses tolerance in wheat and beyond.
Timing the Evolution of Cyanobacterial Antioxidants: Superoxide Dismutases
Authors: Boden Joanne , Konhauser Kurt , Robbins Leslie , Sánchez-Baracaldo Patricia 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The ancestors of cyanobacteria generated Earth’s first biogenic molecular oxygen but how they dealt with its toxicity remains unconstrained. Here we investigated when superoxide dismutase enzymes (SODs) capable of removing superoxide free radicals evolved. We found phylogenetic evidence that ancestral cyanobacteria used SODs with copper and zinc cofactors (CuZnSOD) during the Archaean. By the Paleoproterozoic, they became genetically capable of using iron, nickel, and manganese as cofactors (FeSOD, NiSOD, and MnSOD respectively). The evolution of NiSOD is particularly intriguing because it has been previously hypothesized that declining seawater Ni concentrations at the end of the Archaean caused a fundamental shift in the marine biosphere away from methanogenesis towards oxygenic photosynthesis. Our novel analyses of enzymes dealing with O2 toxicity now demonstrate that the beneficiaries of this chemical change - marine planktonic cyanobacteria - were able to utilize the remaining Ni from seawater 0.9-0.8 Ga to supplement their existing metabolic capabilities.
Acoustic graphene plasmons advantage: in-plane strong scattering of infrared light by steps at the atomic level
Authors: Zhang Ni , Luo Weiwei , Wang Lei , Fan Jiang , Wu Wei , Ren Mengxin , Zhang Xinzheng , Cai Wei , Xu Jingjun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Acoustic graphene plasmons (AGPs) have an extreme level of field confinement and low loss in the mid-infrared and terahertz spectra, which have been applied for quantum effect exploration and ångström-thick material sensing. However, up to now, it is still a lack of exploration of the in-plane scattering of AGPs, though it is essential for the manipulation and utilization of ultraconfined optical field down to atomic level. In this work, by using scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM), the mid-infrared AGPs, which are strongly scattered by atomic level height steps, were imaged in real-space. Particularly, even though the step height of the scatterer is four orders of magnitude lower than the incident free wavelength, strong scattering of AGPs still was achieved and can be attributed to larger reflectivity of AGPs than that of the traditional graphene plasmons (GPs). In addition, the scattering of AGPs by individual scatterers can be controlled via electrical back gating, in which a high fringe contrast up to about 82% was achieved. Our work suggests a feasible way to control extremely confined optical fields with atomic level height nanostructures, which can be used for ultra-compacted strong light-matter interactions, e.g. photodetector, biosensing, and strong coupling effects.
A Probability Formula Derived From Serum Indicators, Age and Comorbidities As An Early Predictor of Dementia for Elderly Chinese People
Authors: Gong Qing , Xie Lianhong , Bi Minghui , Yu Lina 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Blood-based indicators are potential economical and safe methods of population screening for dementia although their predictive values have not been confirmed. The present study proposes a dementia prediction formula based on serum indicators and patient characteristics.Methods: From Jan 2016 to Dec 2018 the data of elderly patients aged over 60 years admitted to the Department of Neurology and Geriatrics in our hospital were retrospectively reviewed. A multivariate logistic regression model was applied to verify the patients’ characteristics and serum indicators associated with the risk of dementia. After receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and area under the ROC curve (AUC) analysis, we propose a dementia prediction formula and cutoff values for predictive ability of early dementia.Results: 4,722 elderly patients were enrolled and the incidence of dementia was 12.0% (565). When patients had ≥ 8 comorbidities, their risk of developing dementia was 20 times higher than those without comorbidities. After multivariate regression analysis, age (OR: 1.086, P < 0.001) and homocysteine concentrations (HCY) (OR: 1.017, P = 0.003) were proven to be linked the risk of developing dementia, while total cholesterol (TC) (OR: 0.674, P = 0.005) was a protective factor for dementia. We developed a formula of age + LDL-C+ TC + HCY + number of comorbidities as a good predictor of dementia (AUC: 0.79), with a probability (cut-off) value of 0.112 (sensitivity 87.4%, specificity 55.8%, accuracy 60.5%).Conclusions: High serum HCY and low TC were risk factors for developing dementia. A cut-off value > 0.112 derived from the formula of age + LDL-C + TC + HCY + number of comorbidities was an excellent predictor for a high risk of dementia, which may be a potentially useful diagnostic tool for identifying at risk patients using this routine clinical test.
Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension Among 10663 Adults in Kherameh: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Rezaianzadeh Abbas , Jafari Fatemeh , Sadeghi Seyed Ebrahim , Rahimikazerooni Salar , Bahramali Ehsan , Karami Hamed 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Hypertension (HTN) is known to be a modifiable risk factor for Cardiovascular Disease (CVDs), stroke, and kidney disease. The present study aimed to determine awareness, treatment, and control of HTN and the related factors in Kherameh, Iran.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 10663 individuals over 40 years of age using Kherameh cohort data. HTN was defined as either Systolic/Diastolic Blood Pressure (SBP/DBP) ≥140/90 mmHg or taking medications. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between awareness, treatment, and control and their related factors. Results: Awareness, treatment, and control rates were 80.3%, 78%, and 53.6%, respectively among the individuals with HTN. Age, gender, body mass index, and CVD were associated with all dependent variables in the regression model. In addition, occupation, diabetes, chronic diseases, history of CVD in the first- and second-degree relatives, and history of chronic diseases in the second-degree relatives were related to all dependent variables, except for treatment.Conclusion: The results indicated that despite the high level of awareness, the proportion of patients under treatment and control gradually decreased, such a way that about half of the patients had abnormal blood pressure. Hence, educational intervention is recommended to increase the patients’ awareness to ensure the continuous use of antihypertensive drugs in order to help control the disease more efficiently.
Synergistic effect of tumor chemo-immunotherapy induced by leukocyte-hitchhiking thermal-sensitive micelles
Authors: Qi Jing , Jin Fei-Yang , You Yuchan , Du Yan , Liu Di , Xiao-Ling Xiao-Ling , Wang Jun , Zhu Luwen , Chen Minjiang , Shu Gaofeng , Wu Li-Ming , Ji Jiansong , Du Yongzhong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Some specific chemotherapeutic drugs are able to enhance tumor immunogenicity and facilitate antitumor immunity by inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD). However, tumor immunosuppression induced by the adenosine pathway hampers this effect. In this study, E-selectin-modified thermal-sensitive micelles were designed to co-deliver a chemotherapeutic drug (doxorubicin, DOX) and an A2A adenosine receptor antagonist (SCH 58261), which simultaneously exhibited chemo-immunotherapeutic effects when applied with microwave irradiation. After intravenous injection, the fabricated micelles, ES-DSM, effectively adhered to the surface of leukocytes in peripheral blood mediated by E-selectin, and thereby hitchhiking with leukocytes to achieve a higher accumulation at the tumor site. Further, local microwave irradiation was applied to induce hyperthermia and accelerated the release rate of drugs from micelles. Rapidly released DOX induced tumor ICD and elicited tumor-specific immunity, while SCH 58261 alleviated immunosuppression caused by the adenosine pathway, further enhancing DOX-induced antitumor immunity. In conclusion, this study presents a strategy to increase the tumor accumulation of drugs by hitchhiking with leukocytes, and the synergistic strategy of chemo-immunotherapy not only effectively arrested primary tumor growth, but also exhibited superior effects in terms of antimetastasis, antirecurrence and antirechallenge.